bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Powder Flow Prediction by Ring Shear Testing at Low Consolidation Stresses
Authors: Rhodes Edward Paul , Davies Conrad Andrew , El-Balawi Lujain
Published: August 2023

The development of XS-Lr0 low-stress shear cell by Dietmar Schulze (model RST-XS.s) has confirmed the necessity of assessing powder flow at low consolidation stresses for improved powder flow production (Søgaard et al.,2014). This project assessed different powder flow properties at low consolidation stresses via stress walk and discrete shear tests. Previous methodology by Sogaard et al, 2014 was investigated and further developed using different pharmaceutical materials at a wide range of consolidation stresses (0.25 – 4.00 kPa). A polynomial function best described the relationship between consolidation stress and unconfined yield strength, with results being material dependent. The lowest pre-consolidation stress observed for reliable measurements was 0.25 kPa. The findings emphasise the need to refine current methodologies to measure shear stresses at low consolidation stresses to improve powder flow prediction. 
Ethyl cellulose-chitosan microspheres of sumatriptan succinate for nasal drug delivery
Authors: Alghareeb Salah Abdul Mahdi , Adeola Adebisi O
Published: August 2023

The research investigated the preparation of mucoadhesive microspheres using ethyl cellulose and chitosan as polymers. Two methods were employed, with the first method utilizing an emulsion solvent evaporation technique and the second method incorporating additional homogenization and sonication steps. The results showed that the first method yielded nearly perfect spherical microspheres with a particle size range of 50 µm, while the second method produced irregularly shaped microspheres with larger particle sizes within the range of 200 µm. The drug entrapment efficiency was significantly higher in the first method compared to the second method, and within the first method, drug entrapment efficiency decreased with increasing chitosan concentration. These findings underscore the importance of method selection and chitosan concentration in microsphere synthesis, providing insights for optimizing drug delivery systems for targeted applications.
Linear Voltage Controlled Oscillator Implementation in Electronically Variable Immittances
Authors:   UIT-Burdwan University, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, MATHUR Koushick , VENKATESWARAN Palaniandavar ,   Jadavpur University, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, NANDI Rabindranath ,   Jadavpur University, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Published: August 2023

New realization schemes of electronically tunable inductor (L) and Frequency-Dependent Negative Resistance (D) type immittances using a Current Feedback Amplifier (CFA) and Multiplication Mode Current Conveyor (MMCC) composite active building block (ABB) are proposed. Applications of the immittances to the design of selective filters and LC-type linear voltage controlled quadrature oscillator (LVCQO) are presented. Experimental results based on PSPICE simulation and hardware design for a linear range of oscillation frequency (fo ~ 13.6MHz) with satisfactory phase-noise figure on the oscillator wave response had been verified. Effects of the Active Building Block (ABB)-nodal imperfections are analyzed to be insignificant. The new ideas in this article are two types of immittance functions realizable in the same topology; appropriate frequency-domain selective responses are also presented with experimentation results.
A Blended On-Campus and At-Home Approach to Laboratories on Electronic Circuits
Authors:   Dept. of Bases of Electronics, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, ONET Raul , NEAG Marius ,   Dept. of Bases of Electronics, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, FAZAKAS Albert ,   Dept. of Bases of Electronics, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a blended approach to organizing laboratories for undergraduate Bachelor-level courses on electronics circuits and systems. The main idea is to combine on-campus laboratory sessions with at-home experiments performed individually by e
Relationship Between Structural and Optical Properties in Vanadium Pentoxide
Authors:   National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies -IMT-Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, Voluntari 077190, Romania, ROMANITAN Cosmin , MIHALACHE Iuliana ,   National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies -IMT-Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, Voluntari 077190, Romania, VULPE Silviu ,   National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies -IMT-Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, Voluntari 077190, Romania
Published: August 2023

Spray pyrolysis technique (SPT) and radio-frequency magnetron sputtering (RF-MS) were used to obtain vanadium oxide (VxOy) layers. The surface morphology was visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Further, t
Variables asociadas al aborto en pacientes atendidas en el departamento de gineco-obstetricia en el Hospital Santa María Del Socorro – durante el periodo 2018
Authors:   , Martínez Alcántara María Pía
Published: August 2023

Introducción: El aborto afecta a nivel global, el 56% de los embarazos no planeados terminan en abortos inducidos. En nuestro país, se describe cerca de 1 millón de mujeres embarazadas anuales y que un tercio de estas terminan en aborto, encabezando así la lista de casos de abortos describiendo su mayor numero, ya que esta entidad es una gran problemática que está creciente, lo cual hace necesario el poder identificar las principales variables que están asociadas con el fin de poder tomar medidas preventivas y efectuar acciones de control. Objetivo: Demostrar las variables de riesgo asociadas al aborto en pacientes atendidas en el departamento Gineco – Obstetricia en el HSMSI– Perú, durante el periodo del 2018. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico de casos y controles, transversal, retrospectivo, cuya muestra estuvo conformada por 192 pacientes seleccionadas mediante un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Se utilizó como instrumento una ficha de recolección de datos. El análisis estadístico fue principalmente bivariado, para lo cual se utilizó el Odds Ratio (OR), considerándose estadísticamente significativo un p < 0,05. Además, se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: La muestra estuvo caracterizada por una edad promedio de 27 años, con predominancia de nivel de instrucción secundaria y de ocupación de ama de casa. Se encontró que el número de embarazos previos fue de casi 2 por cada paciente, además el 39% tuvo un aborto previo. Respecto a las características sociodemográficas, el nivel de instrucción, estado civil y ocupación, elevaron 3, 1,5 y 2 veces más el riesgo de padecer un aborto, respectivamente. En cuanto a las características gineco-obstétricas, la edad gestacional menor a 38 semanas y la ausencia de controles prenatales elevaron el riesgo en 17 y 2,5 veces, respectivamente. Por último, se V determinó que el historial médico no aumentó significativamente el riesgo de aborto. Conclusiones: El nivel de instrucción, estado civil, ocupación, edad gestacional menor a 38 semanas y la falta de controles prenatales fueron factores de riesgo asociados al aborto.
Analysis of the Effect of Manufacturing Industry on Indonesia's Economic Growth
Authors: Putri Putri , Sumanto Agus , Rahmawati Farida
Published: August 2023

GDP is the amount of value added generated by all business units in a particular country, or is the sum of the value of final goods and services produced by all economic units. GDP at constant prices shows the added value of these goods and services calculated using prices prevailing in a particular year as a basis, which aims to determine economic growth from year to year. The targeted sector is the manufacturing sector of the 17 sectors in Indonesia with 16 subsectors in the manufacturing industry. The calculation of this research uses Location Quotient, Shift Share and Sectoral Typology methods. The results of this study with the LQ method show that the calculation of ADHK GDP has 10 base subsectors and 6 non-base sectors. It is known by Shift Share analysis that the average value of Pj and Dj in all subsectors has a negative value, but there are still subsectors that in some years between 2015-2019 have a positive value in supporting Indonesia's growth. The LQ calculation was developed using the Sectoral Typology method with the results of 10 subsectors with more than enough meaning that the sector is a basic sector with an average LQ> 1 and based on ADHK GDP its growth is slower than ADHB GDP, and its national growth includes fast growth
KEMAMPUAN MERIAS DALAM TATA RIAS CIKATRI SISWA KELAS XII TATA KECANTIKAN A SMK NEGERI 3 DENPASAR TAHUN PELAJARAN 2021/2022
Authors: Tryastiani Ni Wayan Melnia , Puspawati Gusti Ayu Made , Darmawan Komang David
Published: August 2023

Tata rias cikatri merupakan tata rias wajah yang ditujukan kepada bagian-bagian wajah yang kurang sempurna dengan tujuan untuk menutupi atau menyembunyikan kelainan atau cacat yang ada pada wajah seperti bekas jerawat, bekas jahitan operasi, flek hitam, hidung yang peceng, bibir tidak asimetris. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan merias dan menerapkan langkah-langkah penggunaan kosmetik dan alat makeup dalam tata rias cikatri siswa kelas XII Tata Kecantikan A SMK Negeri 3 Denpasar tahun pelajaran 2021/2022. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu metode tes tindakan. Metode pengolahan data menggunakan metode deskriptif. Dalam pengolahan data penelitian ini harus menempuh empat langkah yaitu (1) menentukan skor maksimal ideal (SMI), (2) membuat pedoman konversi, (3) menentukan kriteria predikat, dan (4) mencari nilai rata-rata. Aspek-aspek penilaian teknik merias wajah, teknik penataan rambut, teknik tata busana. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa yang mengikuti kegiatan pelajaran tata rias siswa kelas XII Tata Kecantikan A SMK Negeri 3 Denpasar tahun pelajaran 2021/2022.
Relationship between Thermal Conductivity and Compressive Strength of Insulation Concrete: A Review
Authors: Wu Chao , Liu Shaoqing , Guo Jianping , Ma Hongqiang , He Li
Published: August 2023

Developing insulation concrete with high strength is essential for the construction of energy saving buildings. This is important to achieve carbon neutrality in the modern building industry. This paper reviews the existing studies in the literature on insulation concrete. This paper aims to reveal the correlation between the thermal conductivity and strength of concrete and identify the most effective method to make insulation concrete with lower thermal conductivity but higher strength. The review is carried out from two perspectives, including the effects of different foaming methods and various lightweight aggregates. As for the foaming methods, the chemical and mechanical foaming methods are discussed. As for the lightweight aggregates, cenospheres, porous aggregates, aerogels, and phase change materials are assessed. It is clearly observed that the thermal conductivity and compressive strength of concrete can be fitted by a linear function. As for the foaming methods, chemical foaming using hydrogen peroxide is the most effective to produce concrete with relatively lower thermal conductivity and higher compressive strength. For concrete with lightweight aggregates, cenospheres are the best option. Finally, recommendations are made to develop concrete with lower thermal conductivity and higher strength.
Penerapan Misi Holistik Dalam Pelayanan Gereja Masa Kini
Authors: Darmadi Daud
Published: August 2023

The main thoughts about evangelism or polarized mission in three parts, first, the mission role of the apostolic era is the mission used to preach the gospel to people who have never heard of Christ, the second thought, namely the role of mission to increase God's kingdom the establishment of the gospel from every denomination, and which is the mission that is responsible for the Great Commission of the Lord Jesus Christ with Christian and non-Christian social services. This research can formulate the principles and steps that can be applied so that holistic services can run well and correctly. Whole holistic service and mission are complementary unity. Because holistic is complete and mission is part of the message that gives God to believers. If the mission mandate is closely related to the restoration of God's and human relations, holistic holistic service is a mandate for development that requires the body of mankind. When carried out this is carried out with a balanced gift for complete peace, namely peace with God, fellow human beings, the environment and the human self itself as the image and likeness of God.

Abstrak Indonesia

Pemikiran utama tentang penginjilan atau misi terpolarisasi dalam tiga bagian yaitu pertama, peran misi dari zaman rasul hingga pada abad pertengahan adalah misi cenderung berarti memberitakan Injil atau membawa kabar baik bagi orang yang belum mendengar tentang Kristus, pemikiran yang kedua, yaitu peran misi untuk memperluas kerajaan Allah dengan pembukaan atau pendirian pos pekabaran Injil dari setiap denominasi, dan yang ketiga adalah misi yang menggabungkan pelaksanaan Amanat Agung Tuhan Yesus Kristus dengan pelayanan sosial kepada umat Kristen maupun non Kristen. Yesus telah memberikan contoh bahwa misi yang dilakukannnya adalah misi yang bersifat holistik, dengan memberikan makanan rohani dan jasmani kepada mereka yang membutuhkan. Teks dalam Injil Yohanes menunjukkan bagaimana Yesus telah memberi makan lima ribu orang sebagai bentuk pelayanan yang holistik. Penelitian ini dapat merumuskan prinsip-prinsip dan langkah-langkah yang dapat diterapkan agar pelayanan holistik dapat berjalan dengan baik dan benar. Pelayanan holistik yang utuh dan misi adalah suatu kesatuan yang saling melengkapi. Karena holistik yang utuh dan misi adalah bagian dari amanat yang diberikan Allah kepada orang percaya. Bila mandat misi berhubungan erat dengan pemulihan hubungan Allah dan manusia secara rohani, pelayanan holistik yang utuh adalah mandat untuk pembangunan yang menyentuh kebutuhan jasmani dari manusia. Sehingga bila kedua pelayanan ini dilaksanakan dengan seimbang memberi dampak kepada kedamaian yang utuh, yakni kedamaian dengan Allah, sesama manusia, lingkungan dan diri manusia itu sendiri sebagai gambar dan rupa Allah.
Pengaruh Pemahaman Dan Praktik Makna Frasa “Istri Tunduk Kepada Suami” Berdasarkan Efesus 5:22-33 Terhadap Keharmonisan Rumah Tangga Kristen Di Gereja Bethel Indonesia Jemaat “Kristus Gembala” Juwana–Pati Jawa-Tengah
Authors: Widodo Agus
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to reveal and analyze the effect on the understanding and practice of “Wives obey Your Husband” based on Ephesians 5:22-33 through the harmony’s Christian household on Indonesian Bethel Church ‘Kristus Gembala’ Juwana-Pati Central java. The method used in this research is a survey research with quantitative research approach. As for the population in this research is all husband and wife on the Indonesian Bethel Church ‘Kristus Gembala’ Juwana-Pati Central java. The results showed that the understanding and practice of “Wives obey your husbans” influence the positive and significant impact on the harmony’s Christian household on Indonesian Bethel Church ‘Kristus Gembala’ Juwana-Pati Central java. The description of understanding and practice show good results.

Abstrak Indonesia

 

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengungkapkan dan menganalisis pengaruh pemahaman dan praktik makna frasa ‘Istri Tunduk kepada Suami’ Berdasarkan Efesus 5:22-33 terhadap keharmonisan Rumah Tangga Kristen di Gereja Bethel Indonesia Jemaat ‘Kristus Gembala’ Juwana-Pati Jawa Tengah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu penelitian survei dengan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif. Adapun yang menjadi populasi pada penelitian ini yaitu seluruh pasangan suami istri di Gereja Bethel Indonesia Jemaat ‘Kristus Gembala’ Juwana-Pati Jawa-Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman dan praktik istri tunduk kepada suami berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keharmonisan rumah tangga Kristen di Gereja Bethel Indonesia Jemaat ‘Kristus Gembala’ Juwana Pati Jawa Tengah. Deskripsi pemahaman dan praktik menunjukkan hasil yang baik. Begitu pun dengan deskripsi keharmonisan rumah tangga Kristen di Gereja Bethel Indonesia jemaat ‘Kristus Gembala’ Juwana Pati Jawa Tengah, serta nilai korelasi pemahaman dan praktik ‘istri tunduk kepada suami’ terhadap keharmonisan rumah tangga kristen berada pada posisi kuat.
Model Penggembalaan Menurut I Petrus 5 : 2 – 3
Authors: Antjura Adolf
Published: August 2023

Pastoral care is a very important thing in the spiritual growth of the congregation, where the role is a congregation pastor who must give his life truly according to his calling in serving God. As in 1 Peter 5:2-3, it must be done voluntarily without coercion because the service must be sincere and pure so that it can have an impact through example. This research was specifically conducted in churches to find officials' service models so that the formulation of the problem in this study: Is the service model appropriate according to 1 Peter 5:2-3? research that uses a qualitative phenomenological approach, namely by formulating and making conclusions based on data, information and facts that will be obtained through observing these phenomena, interviews and investigations, has the aim of explaining the shepherding model of a shepherd. 

ABSTRAK BAHASA INDONESIA

Penggembalaan merupakan hal yang sangat penting di dalam pertumbuhan rohani jemaat, dimana yang menjadi pemerannya adalah seorang gembala sidang yang harus memberikan hidupnya sungguh-sungguh sesuai panggilannya dalam pengabdian kepada Tuhan. Seperti dalam 1 Petrus 5:2-3, harus dilakukan dengan sukarela tanpa paksaan karena pelayanan itu harus tulus dan murni sehingga bisa berdampak lewat keteladanan. Penelitian ini secara khusus dilakukan di  gereja  menemukan model pelayanan Pejabat sehingga rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini: Apakah model pe;layanan  sesuai menurut 1 Petrus 5:2-3? penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif fenomenologi, yaitu dengan merumuskan dan membuat kesimpulan-kesimpulan berdasarkan data-data, informasi dan fakta-fakta yang akan diperoleh melalui pengamatan fenomena-fenomena, wawancara dan investigasi ini, memiliki tujuan yaitu untuk menjelaskan model penggembalaan seorang gembala.
Landasan Teologis Gerakan Transformasi Gereja di Abad XXI
Authors: Maukar Fengky
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this writing is to investigate some of the forms of the transformation movement in the Bible, and to develop a theological basis for the transformation movement, which can be used to realize real Christian transformation. This departs from the fact that the transformation movement that has taken place in the last 10 years has been filled with various forms of ministry that prioritize demonstrations of miracles and healing, prayer concerts of praise and worship, and are not directed at spiritual maturity and character building. The transformation movement is a process of changing Christian life for the better, occurring in a person personally, or a community, church, nation and state society, which covers all human life holistically. A study of the text on Romans 12:2 shows that the use of the word μεταμορφόω means transformation. Theological transformation is God's initiative to save and renew sinful humanity. The Lord Jesus came as a transformer who redeemed and saved mankind from sin. The Holy Spirit is the one who renews, and leads everyone into the truth. Ecclesiological transformation means that the church carries out the mission of the Kingdom of God in the midst of the world. Furthermore, transformation is a holistic mission that touches all aspects of human life. Transformation is an ongoing process and has an excchatological aspect.                                                                                                                                
ABSTRAK BAHASA INDONESIA
Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk menyelidiki sebagian bentuk-bentuk gerakan transformasi di dalam Alkitab, dan menyusun suatu landasan teologis bagi gerakan transformasi, yang dapat dipakai untuk mewujudkan transformasi Kristen sesungguhnya. Hal ini berangkat dari kenyataan gerakan transformasi yang terjadi pada 10 tahun terakhir yang dipenuhi dengan berbagai bentuk pelayanan yang mengutamakan demonstrasi mujizat dan kesembuhan, konser doa pujian dan penyembahan, dan tidak diarahkan kepada pendewasaan rohani serta pembentukan karakter. Gerakan transformasi adalah suatu proses perubahan kehidupan Kristen ke arah yang lebih baik, terjadi dalam diri seseorang secara pribadi, atau suatu komunitas, gereja, masyarakat bangsa dan negara, yang mencakup seluruh kehidupan manusia secara holistik. Studi teks pada Roma 12:2, menunjukkan bahwa kata pemakain kata  μεταμορφόω memiliki arti transformasi. Transformasi secara teologis adalah inisiatif Allah untuk menyelamatkan dan memperbarui manusia yang berdosa. Tuhan Yesus datang sebagai transformator yang menebus dan menyelamatkan manusia dari dosa. Roh Kudus adalah pribadi yang memperbarui, dan memimpin setiap orang ke dalam kebenaran. Transformasi eklesiologis berarti gereja melaksanakan misi Kerajaan Allah ditengah-tengah dunia. Selanjutnya transformasi adalah misi holistik yang menyentuh seluruh aspek kehidupan manusia. Transformasi adalah proses yang terus terjadi dan memiliki aspek ekskatologi.
Model Pendidikan Karakter Dengan Landasan Komponen Contextual Teaching And Learning
Authors: Ananda Prabu Laksana
Published: August 2023

Pendidikan karakter sama tuanya dengan pendidikan itu sendiri. Begitu juga dengan Indonesia, pendidikan karakter telah lama menjadi bagian penting dalam upaya membentuk manusia yang baik, cerdas, pribadi yang kuat dan tangguh. Sayangnya pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter di Indonesia juga masih menyisakan permasalahan tersendiri, seperti praktek pendidikan karakter yang dilaksanakan justru tidak menekankan proses keterlibatan peserta didik untuk menemukan materi, pendidikan karakter tidak diarahkan untuk mendorong peserta didik dapat menemukan hubungan antara pengalaman belajar di sekolah dengan kehidupan nyata dan pendidikan karakter yang dilselenggarakan selama ini belum mampu mendorong peserta didik untuk dapat mengaplikasikan dan menerapkannya dalam kehidupan nyata. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan dokumentasi dan literatur. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Adapun hasil penelitian ini menunjukan, bahwa komponen-komponen contextual teaching and learning sebagai landasan pengembangan model pendidikan karakter, yaitu (a) konstruktivisme, (b) inkuiri, (c) bertanya (d) masyarakat belajar, (e) pemodelan, (f) refleksi, (g) penilaian sebenarnya.
O Caso Especial de Congruência de Triângulos Retângulos: explorando possibilidades
Authors: Trevisan Eberson Paulo
Published: August 2023

No presente trabalho, buscamos explorar, a partir da apresentação dos casos de congruência de triângulos, a possibilidade de estudar a combinação de outros elementos correspondentemente congruentes em triângulos retângulos. Apesar de tais combinações de elementos não nos levarem a outros casos de congruências propriamente ditos, pois sempre recaímos nos tradicionais casos já definidos, o estudo do assunto se torna potencial para aprendizagem dos outros casos de congruência, já que na investigação a todo instante os mesmos são requeridos, despontando como um elemento favorável ao ensino de geometria. Além disso, buscamos explorar os casos dando destaque a três representações diferentes, linguagem natural, figural e simbólica, favorecendo o uso de diferentes representações semióticas no processo de aprendizagem da geometria.
Non-Lethal Weapons as a Means of Expanding the Capabilities to Defeat the Enemy
Authors: Tikhanychev Oleg Vasilyevich
Published: August 2023

The subject of the study is the impact on the enemy during armed conflicts of varying intensity, the object of the study is the features of the so-called "non-lethal" weapons used in this process. The author has studied in detail the process of influencing enemy objects during the conduct of military operations with the use of non-lethal weapons, analyzed the features of its use in local wars and armed conflicts. The relevance of the study is determined by the appearance in leading foreign countries of updated conceptual and combat documents defining the principles and conditions for the use of non-lethal weapons. When writing a review article, general scientific research methods – analysis and synthesis - were used. Based on the analysis of the features of the use of non-lethal weapons during local wars and armed conflicts of recent times, the particular consequences of its use are analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, the author concludes that the purpose of using such weapons is not the humanization of conflicts stated in a number of conceptual documents, but to increase the effectiveness of defeating the enemy in difficult conditions of modern warfare. Thus, it is determined that the increasing role of non-lethal weapons in modern operations is determined by its physical properties, which make it possible to solve the tasks of defeating enemy objects and defending their objects in difficult background-target conditions characteristic of modern local wars and armed conflicts
No evidence from complementary data sources of a direct glutamatergic projection from the mouse anterior cingulate area to the hippocampal formation
Authors: Andrianova Lilya , Yanakieva Steliana , Margetts-Smith Gabriella , Kohli Shivali , Brady Erica S , Aggleton John P , Craig Michael T
Published: August 2023

The connectivity and interplay between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus underpin various key cognitive processes, with changes in these interactions being implicated in both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions. Understanding the precise cellular connections through which this circuit is organised is, therefore, vital for understanding these same processes. Overturning earlier findings, a recent study described a novel excitatory projection from anterior cingulate area to dorsal hippocampus. We sought to validate this unexpected finding using multiple, complementary methods: anterograde and retrograde anatomical tracing, using anterograde and retrograde adeno-associated viral vectors, monosynaptic rabies tracing, and the Fast Blue classical tracer. Additionally, an extensive data search of the Allen Projection Brain Atlas database was conducted to find the stated projection within any of the deposited anatomical studies as an independent verification of our own results. However, we failed to find any evidence of a direct, monosynaptic glutamatergic projection from mouse anterior cingulate cortex to the hippocampus proper.
Metagenomics of African Empogona and Tricalysia (Rubiaceae) reveals the presence of leaf endophytes
Authors: Verstraete Brecht , Janssens Steven , De Block Petra , Asselman Pieter , Méndez Gabriela , Ly Serigne , Hamon Perla , Guyot Romain
Published: August 2023

Background

Leaf symbiosis is a phenomenon in which host plants of Rubiaceae interact with bacterial endophytes within their leaves. To date, it has been found in around 650 species belonging to eight genera in four tribes; however, the true extent in Rubiaceae remains unknown. Our aim is to investigate the possible occurrence of leaf endophytes in the African plant genera Empogona and Tricalysia and, if present, to establish their identity.

Methods

Total DNA was extracted from the leaves of four species of the Coffeeae tribe (Empogona congesta, Tricalysia hensii, T. lasiodelphys, and T. semidecidua) and sequenced. Bacterial reads were filtered out and assembled. Phylogenetic analysis of the endophytes was used to reveal their identity and their relationship with known symbionts.

Results

All four species have non-nodulated leaf endophytes, which are identified as Caballeronia. The endophytes are distinct from each other but related to other nodulated and non-nodulated endophytes. An apparent phylogenetic or geographic pattern appears to be absent in endophytes or host plants. Caballeronia endophytes are present in the leaves of Empogona and Tricalysia, two genera not previously implicated in leaf symbiosis. This interaction is likely to be more widespread, and future discoveries are inevitable.
Vitamin D receptor-deficient keratinocytes-derived exosomal miR-4505 promotes the macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype
Authors: Sun Wen , Chen Jianqin , Li Jingting , She Xiaoguang , Ma Hu , Wang Shali , Liu Jing , Yuan Yuan
Published: August 2023

Background

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) has a low level of expression in the keratinocytes of patients with psoriasis and plays a role in the development of the disease. Furthermore, the crosstalk between macrophages and psoriatic keratinocytes-derived exosomes is critical for psoriasis progression. However, the effects of VDR-deficient keratinocytes-derived exosomes (Exos-shVDR) on macrophages and their underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.

Methods

VDR-deficient keratinocytes were constructed by infecting HaCaT cells with a VDR-targeting lentivirus, mimicking the VDR-deficient state observed in psoriatic keratinocytes. Exosomes were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blot. The effect of Exos-shVDR on macrophage proliferation, apoptosis, and M1/M2 polarization was assessed using cell counting kit-8 assay (CCK-8), flow cytometer, real-time quantitative polymerasechain reaction (RT-qPCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mechanism underlying the effect of Exos-shVDR on macrophage function was elucidated through data mining, bioinformatics, RT-qPCR, and rescue experiments.

Results

Our results revealed that both Exos-shVDR and Exos-shNC exhibited typical exosome characteristics, including a hemispheroid shape with a concave side and particle size ranging from 50 to 100 nm. The levels of expression of VDR were significantly lower in Exos-shVDR than in Exos-shNC. Functional experiments demonstrated that Exos-shVDR significantly promoted macrophage proliferation and polarization towards the M1 phenotype while inhibiting macrophage apoptosis. Moreover, miR-4505 was highly expressed in the skin tissue of patients with psoriasis. Its overexpression significantly increased macrophage proliferation and polarization towards M1 and inhibited apoptosis. Furthermore, the effects of Exos-shVDR on macrophage function occur through miR-4505.

Conclusions

Exos-shVDR exacerbates macrophage proliferation, promotes polarization towards the M1 phenotype, and inhibits macrophage apoptosis by increasing the levels of miR-4505. These results indicate that modulation of macrophage function is a potential strategy for developing new drugs for the treatment of psoriasis.
Correlation of LDL Cholesterol Calculated by Friedewald’s, Puavilai’s, Vujovic’s, de Cordova’s and Martin’s Formulae with Directly Measured LDL Cholesterol: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ambiger Sudha , Farheen Fatima , Jaalam Kamarudin , Shivalingappa Javali
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Measurement of Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) carries high importance in the management of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Direct LDL-C measurement is preferred method but this is expensive and inconvenient for the routine laboratories. To date, various types of formulae have been introduced. However, accurate estimation of LDL-C by formula is a challenge. Aim: To determine that which of these calculated formulae (Friedewald’s, Puavilai’s, Vujovic’s, de Cordova’s and Martin’s formulae) show maximum correlation with directly measured LDL-C at different serum triglyceride levels. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, KLE Centenary Charitable Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India, from December 2020 to December 2021. A total of 280 outpatient fasting complete lipid profiles of patients, aged between 18-50 years were included in the study. LDL-C measured by Friedewald’s formula, Puavilai’s formula, Vujovic’s formula, de Cordova’s formula and Martin’s formula were compared with directly measured LDL-C. Comparison of calculated LDL-C with directly measured LDL-C was done at following Triglyceride (TG) ranges as group 1: <200 mg/dL, group 2: 200-300 mg/dL, group 3: 300-400 mg/dL and group 4: >400 mg/dL. Data analysis was done using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and two paired t-test. Results: Of total 280 samples, 124 participants were in group 1, 91 participants in group 2, 36 participants in group 3 and 29 participants in group 4, and there were 130 males and 150 females. The mean age in group 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 40.9±8.0 years, 38.8±9.2 years, 39.1±10.0 years and 39.8±8.2 years, respectively. Martin’s formula showed maximum correlation with r-value of 0.9979 compared to Friedewald’s, Puavilai’s formula, Vujovic’s formula and de Cordova’s formula. The mean difference was least for Martin’s formula 0.31±3.53 compared to other formulas. Percentage of error was least for Martin’s formula (0.23%) in total study sample and in all groups. Martin’s LDL-C shows highest concordance (90.90%) compared to Frielwald’s (79.60%), Puavilai’s (86.00%), Vujovic’s (83.88%) and de Cordova’s formula (82.76%). Conclusion: In the present study, Martin’s formula showed highest correlation, least mean difference, highest concordance and low percentage of errors in all the groups compared to Frieldwald’s formula, Puavilai’s formula, Vujovic’s formula and de Cordova’s formula.
Agricultural Schemes in India: A Review
Authors: Singh Manpreet , Rathore Rakesh
Published: August 2023

The paper aimed to provide comprehensive reviews of existing research on knowledge and awareness of agricultural schemes, impact on farmers’ income and constraints faced by farmers in adopting schemes. Major well known bibliometric source of information were searched. The presents reviews and information were collected from research papers, magazines, newspapers, websites etc. The Kisan Credit Card is the most popular scheme and farmers utilized advantage of this scheme to meet their cash requirement for buying agricultural inputs. The farmers are also getting benefits from the Soil Health Card scheme for improvement in soil health. The considerable number of the farmers aware about the scheme but still there is needed to be aware majority of farmers. The agricultural schemes helps in increasing beneficiaries farmers income compare than non-beneficiaries farmers. The comprehensive reviews of different literatures seek to find and discuss awareness about agricultural schemes, impact on farmers income of the schemes and constraints in adoption the schemes.
Pollution Status of Inland Waterways Serving as Receptacles to Plastic Waste in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Attah J. S. , Stanley H. O. , Sikoki F. D. , Immanuel O. M.
Published: August 2023

This study aimed at ascertaining the physicochemical characteristics of selected water bodies receiving solid plastic waste in Rivers State, Nigeria. Surface water and sediment samples were analysed for physicochemical parameters. Water, sediment and fish samples were monitored for presence of polychlorinated bisphenols (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). All physicochemical parameters monitored in Bonny River water and sediment samples were within WHO acceptable. However, the concentrations of nitrate and phosphate (62.675 and 1.28 ppm) in New Calabar River water samples were above WHO limits of 10 and 1 ppm respectively. The Cd values (0.045-8.27 mg/l) at both locations exceeded WHO 0.003 mg/l limit. Likewise, Mn concentrations (6.02-15.5 mg/l) exceeded WHO 5.5 mg/l. Mercury (0.075-1.39 mg/l) was the lowest occurring heavy metal in the water samples but the concentration was still high enough for concern, as the possibility for bioaccumulation in fish species in the river was high. Chloride levels (318.375-423.045 mg/l) in the water samples exceeded WHO limit of 250 mg/l for drinking water. The samples also had high iron content (0.635-16.19 mg/l). PAHs concentrations (252.0155-3533.14 ppm) in the water samples far exceeded the safe level of 10 mg/l for drinking water standard. PCBs levels in all fish samples (21.56-83.08 ppm) exceeded WHO maximum limit of 0.2 mg/kg Surface water, sediment and fish sampled contained objectionable concentrations of heavy metals, PCBs and PAHs. Users of these rivers for domestic purposes are at high risk of chemical poisoning from heavy metals, PCBs and PAHs.
Effects of COVID-19 on the GDP, Indian Agriculture, and Rural Lives
Authors: Ahalawat Shivani , Sahu Megha , Sharma Gaurav , Bala Biplove , Mamgain Anuj , Vipin  , Kumar Pradeep , Raghavan Megha , Kirtikumar Patel Parthavi
Published: August 2023

This review paper explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on agriculture in India. Agriculture is a critical sector of the Indian economy, employing millions of people and contributing significantly to the country's GDP. The pandemic and the ensuing lockdowns have had far-reaching effects on the agriculture sector, affecting every aspect of the supply chain. Governments have swung into activities since the Coronavirus assault made an extraordinary circumstance. Rules given by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India on 15 April 2020 after the expansion of lockdown till 10 May 2020, excluded agribusiness, agriculture, creature farming, poultry, fishery, and partnered exercises from lockdown limitations; workers can go to work, markets are to open, acquirement is to occur and Agri-input shops and agro-handling focuses are to work. MNREGS work will likewise initiate. The study also explores the impact of labor shortages and farmers' challenges on crop production, reducing crop yield and wastage of produce. The research papers also present the decline in the prices of agricultural commodities due to the reduced demand during the pandemic and the closure of mandis and initiatives of the Indian government.
Fungal Endophytes: A Potential Application in Integrated Plant Health Management
Authors: Kumar A. Prashanth , Murali V. , Nagaraju K. , Srinivas M.
Published: August 2023

Fungal endophytes are asymptomatic inhabitants of plant tissues in most plant species, providing tissue-specific protection from disease and reducing crop yield losses by 30 to 50% annually. They can increase plant fitness by inhibiting biotic and abiotic stressors, promote plant growth and development, and reduce crop yield losses. Endophytes enhance plant resistance to fungal pathogens by strengthening cell walls, increasing photosynthesis and promoting plant defense responses. They produce antibacterial and antifungal compounds that protect plants against bacterial pathogens, such as javanicin, which is effective against Bacillus species and Escherichia coli. Endophytic fungi can produce broad-spectrum antimicrobial compounds, some of which can be used as biocontrol agents for phytopathogenic bacteria. They also reduce viral diseases by increasing plant defenses or preventing viruses from spreading. Plant-parasitic nematodes attack plant roots and stems, creating wounds through which secondary opportunistic fungal, bacterial, or viral pathogens can enter. Fungi can inhibit nematode growth and spread by producing nematocidal compounds, parasitizing nematode larvae, or using hyphal loops for nematode capture. Endophytic fungi are a rich source of novel natural compounds, have a high level of biodiversity, and may produce pharmaceutical-significant compounds. Further molecular research is necessary to facilitate the recognition of endophytes carrying host genes.
Mycelium Performance of Medicinally Important Fungus (Cordyceps militaris) on Different pH and Temperature
Authors: Singh Satpal , Singh Gopal
Published: August 2023

Medicinal Mushrooms are most valuable fungi in the world. Artificial cultivation of these fungi is trending now days in the different part of world. Many factors are influence with fungus mycelium during its growth period. So the present study was undertaken with the aim of finding out most favourable pH and temperature for mycelia growth and dry matter weight of Cordyceps militaris. In this study a range of pH (5.5-8.5) and temperature (16 - 28°C) was used. The Optimum pH for mycelium growth and dry matter weight of Cordyceps militaris was 7.0 while optimum temperature for mycelium growth and dry matter weight was 22°C.
Review on the Role of Ultra-fine Fly Ash on the Performance of Concrete
Authors: Zhang Zhiyin
Published: August 2023

Fly ash is mainly the solid waste emitted by coal-fired fossil fuel power stations, which is collected through the flue gas emitted. At present, the comprehensive utilization of fly ash has been widely promoted and applied in actual production. The application of fly ash to concrete can not only improve the strength of concrete, but also save cement. However, its hydration rate is slow, and the incorporation of concrete will reduce the early strength of concrete. In order to improve the activity and other properties of fly ash, ultrafine fly ash with small particle size is obtained by grinding fly ash. Ultrafine fly ash has finer particle size than fly ash and larger spherical shape than original fly ash. Water demand decreases, density increases and activity increases. It can better fill the cement void, improve the internal compactness of concrete, and improve the interface structure of materials. Research has shown that adding 10% to 20% fly ash can achieve better performance than conventional concrete. For higher fly ash content, the strength decreases with the increase of fly ash content.
Study on the Effect of Fly Ash Admixture on the Performance of Recycled Pervious Concrete
Authors: Xicheng Wang
Published: August 2023

In order to solve the problems of recycling of a large amount of coarse aggregate produced after the crushing of waste concrete and urban flooding, this project prepares the recycled coarse aggregate of 4.75-9.5 mm into 100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm cubic permeable concrete specimens, and researches the influence law of different fly ash admixture on the pore space, water permeability and mechanical properties of the recycled aggregate permeable concrete, and determines the best design The optimal design ratio was determined. The experimental results show that the permeable concrete specimens prepared with recycled coarse aggregate of 4.75-9.5mm particle size and mixed with fly ash were cured in water, and the longer the curing age, the higher the compressive strength. With the increase of fly ash dosage, the compressive strength first rises and then decreases, and the porosity and permeability coefficient decreases continuously. When the fly ash dosage is 15%, the 28d compressive strength of recycled aggregate pervious concrete is the highest, which is 12.8 MPa. At this time, the porosity is 23.9%, and the permeability coefficient reaches 3 mm/s. Considering the overall situation, the optimum dosage of fly ash for recycled aggregate pervious concrete is recommended to be about 15%.
Assessment of Bacteriological Quality and Heavy Metals Concentrations of Borehole Water Tanks in Wuse 1 District of Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Muogbo N. B. , Makut M. D. , Ishaleku D.
Published: August 2023

Borehole water is an alternative source of portable water readily available for domestic and commercial uses in Wuse 1 District of Abuja and Nigeria. The study evaluates the bacteriological quality and heavy metals concentrations of borehole tank water in Wuse 1 District. Sixty-three (63) water samples (27 Residential and 36 Commercial) were aseptically collected and analyzed following standard microbiological methods while analysis of heavy metals water sample was carried out using flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Model 220AS Autosampler). Out of the total water samples, E. coli, S. typhi, S. dysentriae and S. aerues were more isolated accounting for 3.2%, 11.3%, 5% and 3.8% respectively in which commercial borehole tank water showed in each case, higher occurrence of individual bacteria isolates The Physiochemical assessment showed no indication of industrial pollution. There was no significant difference in COD (P = 0.04). Heavy metals composition of borehole water in the district showed that Cadmium and Lead were scarcely detected. Zones which showed presence of cadmium in commercial water tanks were, Z5 and Z6 with 0.007ppm and 0.001ppm respectively, while those of residential water tanks were, Z1 with 0.001ppm. Overall copper concentration ranged from 0.01ppm to 0.108ppm, iron 0.22ppm to 1.75ppm, and manganese 0.01ppm to 0.11ppm, while that of zinc was 0.248ppm and 0.327ppm respectively. The study therefore recommends that borehole water from storage tanks be pre-treated by boiling before use, and also soil investigation is imperative to ascertain the elemental composition of a choice land before drilling.
Water Balance Components Estimation using WetSpass Model: A Case study of Mekelle Area, Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Hailekiros Kahsay , Gebreyohannes Tesfamichael , Hussein Abdelwassie , Brhane Hagos
Published: August 2023

This research was aimed at estimating the spatially distributed Water balance components of the catchments in Mekelle area by using WetSpass hydrological model and verifying the model outputs with ground truth. Long term mean metrological data and physical characteristics of the catchments were used as an input to the model. The input data were manipulated using Arc- GIS tools. Results of this model depicted that about 73.13% and 19.96% of the precipitation in the study area was lost through evapotranspiration and surface runoff respectively. However, 7% of it replenished the groundwater. The annual runoff and groundwater recharge estimated in WetSpass model accumulated using Arc-GIS were verified using the annual runoff gauged records and base flow measurements. Accordingly the accumulated runoff and base flow derived from the WetSpass model using Arc-GIS software results were quite close to the observed runoff and base flow values measured in the gauging points. Therefore, WetSpass model is appropriate model in estimating water balance components in the study area.
The FDA Declares Levonorgestrel a Nonabortifacient—A 50-Year Saga Takes a Decisive Turn
Authors: Adashi Eli Y. , Cohen I. Glenn , Wilcox Allen J.
Published: August 2023

This Viewpoint discusses recent judicial developments and the newly-enunciated FDA position that levonorgestrel is a nonabortifacient.
Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Hyperimmune Immunoglobulins Following Infection Plus Vaccination vs Infection
Authors: Bellusci Lorenza , Golding Hana , Khurana Surender
Published: August 2023

This cross-sectional study compares the neutralizing titers of convalescent plasma and hyperimmune anti–SARS-CoV-2 intravenous immunoglobulins against circulating Omicron subvariants.