bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contested knowledges: Negotiating the epistemic politics of engaged activist ethnography
Authors: Scharenberg Antje
Published: May 2023

This article offers a methodological reflection on what it means to practise politically engaged ethnography with contemporary alter-European activists. While politically engaged research has a long history in the social sciences, it continues to present methodological and epistemological challenges to ethnographers who want their work not only to be academically rigorous, but also politically relevant. In this article, I build on scholarship conducted in collaboration with activists and social movements and what has come to be known as ‘militant ethnography’ in particular. Reflecting on three years of fieldwork with alter-European activists conducted between the UK’s vote to leave the EU in 2016 and the European Parliament elections in 2019, this article suggests that engaged knowledge production, here, is as an ongoing process of contestation. The article introduces four conceptual pillars along which these epistemic politics may be negotiated, understanding the knowledges produced as contextual, corporeal, contradictory and collective.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometric determination of bisphenol residues by dispersive solid phase extraction followed by activated carbon spheres cleanup from fish feed samples
Authors: Talari Kalpana , Ganji Sai Krishna , Tiruveedula Raja Rajeswari
Published: May 2023

Bisphenols are known endocrine disruptors commonly utilized in food packaging and storage materials, which frequently come into touch with multiple food products packed in them. The bisphenols in fish feed and other feed materials for aquatic organisms are harmful. The consumption of such marine foods is hazardous. Hence, the feed of aquatic products needs to be verified for the presence of bisphenols. The present study was focused on developing and validating a rapid, selective, and sensitive method to quantify 11 bisphenols from the fish feed with dispersive solid-phase extraction, which was cleaned by an optimized amount of activated carbon spheres and silylated by N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoro acetamide and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The new method was rigorously tested and verified after carefully tuning various parameters affecting analyte recovery. Limit of detection (LOD) were set at 0.5–5 ng/g and limit of quantification (LOQ) at 1–10 ng/g, respectively, resulting in 95–114% recoveries. Interday and intraday precisions in terms of relative standard deviation were found to be less than 11%. The proposed approach was effectively applied in floating and sinking fish feeds. The obtained results showed that higher concentration of bisphenol A, followed by bisphenol TMC, and bisphenol M at a concentration of 256.10, 159.01, and 168.82 ng/g in floating feed and 88.04, 200.79, and 98.03 ng/g in sinking feed samples, respectively.
Tugging at the Veil: Critical Race Methods for Analyzing Educational Gag Orders
Authors: Caradonna Cydney Y.
Published: May 2023

Key educational and political players have been publicly engaged in contentious discourse regarding policies that restrict discourse on race, gender, and topics like meritocracy. This article critically analyzes four educational gag orders, with a distinct emphasis on the falsification of critical race theory (CRT) present. Whiteness as Property and Racial Realism provide analytic frameworks for calling attention to how our contemporary political climate reflects historical trends of continued epistemic oppression and injustice that seek protection for the collective White American consciousness. Concluding discussions advocate for the explicit utility of counterstories for tugging at the veil of majoritarian narratives of racial justice and equity.
Prognostic Parameters of Palbociclib in HR+/HER2- Advanced Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review
Authors: Wang Wei , Wu Jiayi , Chen Keyu , Wang Xiaojia , Shao Xiying
Published: May 2023

Recent studies have demonstrated that the combination of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitor (CDK4/6i) and endocrine therapy (ET) is more effective than ET alone and significantly improves progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 negative (HER2-) breast cancer (BC). Palbociclib is the first CDK4/6i approved for use, and its clinical advantages have been shown. However, 30% of patients will continue to develop secondary drug resistance. Therefore, exploring the parameters that can predict the efficacy of Palbociclib and developing a clinical prediction model is essential for evaluating the prognosis of patients.
Countering the Conspiracy of Silence: Leveraging Race Talk and Data Dialogues as Equity Leaders Challenge Whiteness in Schools
Authors: Edeburn Ellen Kay , Bagwell Jack , Howell Timothy
Published: May 2023

While facilitating a data dialogue concerning racial opportunity gaps in an elementary school, Evelyn Nguyen, a preservice principal candidate, overheard a disturbing and racialized dialogue among third-grade teachers. Evelyn had to decide whether to move an uncomfortable and emotional discussion forward or segue to the next item on the agenda to manage her discomfort. The value and importance for school leaders to model anti-racist leadership by utilizing race talk while addressing whiteness, power, and positionality are key to the academic and social opportunities of racially minoritized students of color. This case explores equity-centered leadership and racial equity.
M-Health in lung cancer: A literature review
Authors: Sereno María , Iniesta-Chamorro Jose M , Garrido-Rubiales Beatriz , Gomez Enrique Javier , Casado Sáenz Enrique
Published: May 2023

The internet and digital technology have become an important resource for patients with cancer. Mobile health strategies permit patients and clinicians to interact via different tools to enrich the supplements to routine hospital visits or out-patient attendance. In this work, we have reviewed different mobile health platforms to support lung cancer patients in different areas: pre-surgery; post-surgery and on systemic treatment. We have also reviewed different digital tools used by long-term lung cancer survivors as well as the impact of these tools on the quality of life, and we tried to analyse according to literature the potential efficiency of these platforms in health system administration.
Necrotizing enterocolitis following treatment of congenital syphilis with penicillin in a term newborn
Authors: Pugh Charles Preston , Baber Megan , White Gwenevere
Published: May 2023

Necrotizing enterocolitis is a disease process of intestinal disruption which has been associated with gastrointestinal microbial alterations after antibiotic exposure. Treatment guidelines and antibiotic exposure for congenital syphilis have historically been based on limited evidence. This case presents a term infant who developed necrotizing enterocolitis after treatment for congenital syphilis.
Acceptability of an existing online sexually transmitted and blood-borne infection testing model among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Dulai Joshun JS , Gilbert Mark , Lachowsky Nathan J , Card Kiffer G , Klassen Ben , Dame Jessy , Burchell Ann N , Worthington Catherine , Ablona Aidan , Anand Praney , Blaque Ezra , Ryu Heeho , Stewart MacKenzie , Brennan David J , Grace Daniel
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBM) are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections (STBBI) due to stigma and other factors such as structural barriers, which delay STBBI testing in this population. Understanding acceptability of online testing is useful in expanding access in this population, thus we examined barriers to clinic-based testing, acceptability of a potential online testing model, and factors associated with acceptability among GBM living in Ontario.

Methods

Sex Now 2019 was a community-based, online, bilingual survey of GBM aged ≥15. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated using modified Poisson regression with robust variances. Multivariable modelling was conducted using the Hosmer-Lemeshow-Sturdivant approach.

Results

Among 1369 participants, many delayed STBBI testing due to being too busy (31%) or inconvenient clinic hours (29%). Acceptability for online testing was high (80%), with saving time (67%) as the most common benefit, and privacy concerns the most common drawback (38%). Statistically significant predictors of acceptability for online testing were younger age (PR  =  0.993; 95%CI: 0.991–0.996); a greater number of different sexual behaviours associated with STBBI transmission (PR  =  1.031; 95%CI: 1.018–1.044); identifying as an Indigenous immigrant (PR  =  1.427; 95%CI: 1.276–1.596) or immigrant of colour (PR  = 1.158; 95%CI: 1.086–1.235) compared with white non-immigrants; and currently using HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) compared to not currently using PrEP (PR  =  0.894; 95%CI: 0.828–0.965).

Conclusions

Acceptability of online testing was high among GBM in Ontario. Implementing online STBBI testing may expand access for certain subpopulations of GBM facing barriers to current in-person testing.
“One Metric to Rule Them All”: A Common Metric for Symptoms of Depression and Generalized Anxiety in Adolescent Samples
Authors: Sunderland Matthew , Olsen Nicholas , Visontay Rachel , Chapman Cath , Mewton Louise , Stapinski Lexine , Newton Nicola , Teesson Maree , Slade Tim
Published: May 2023

There is a significant degree of heterogeneity in scales that purport to measure depression and generalized anxiety in adolescent samples, which makes it difficult to directly compare scores across studies. The aim of the current study is to develop a common metric that facilitates the comparison of scores from different but related scales of depression and generalized anxiety using a large adolescent sample. A nonequivalent-anchor-test design in conjunction with simultaneous calibration was used to equate and develop a common metric for six different scales. The common metric provided scores with acceptable levels of precision across the −1 to 3 range on θ, which represents the more severe and often clinical end of the spectrum. Thus, in the current study, we identified a coherent common metric that is closely aligned with the “distress” subfactor of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology model. Additional validation testing in independent samples is now required.
Assessment of 30 Years of Randomized Controlled Trials in The American Journal of Sports Medicine: 1990-2020
Authors: Shah Ajay , Hoit Graeme , Lan Lucy , Whelan Daniel B.
Published: May 2023

Background:

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) stand atop the evidence-based hierarchy of study designs for their ability to arrive at results with the lowest risk of bias. Even for RCTs, however, critical appraisal is essential before applying results to clinical practice.

Purpose:

To analyze the quality of reporting of RCTs published in The American Journal of Sports Medicine ( AJSM) from 1990 to 2020 and to identify trends over time and areas of improvement for future trials.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

We queried the AJSM database for RCTs published between January 1990 and December 2020. Data pertaining to study characteristics were recorded. Quality assessments were conducted using the Detsky quality-of-reporting index and the modified Cochrane risk-of-bias (mROB) tool. Univariate and multivariable models were generated to establish factors with associations to study quality. The Fragility Index was calculated for eligible studies.

Results:

A total of 277 RCTs were identified with a median sample size of 70 patients. A total of 19 RCTs were published between 1990 and 2000 (t1); 82 RCTs between 2001 and 2010 (t2); and 176 RCTs between 2011 and 2020 (t3). From t1 to t3, significant increases were observed in the overall mean-transformed Detsky score (from 68.2% ± 9.8% to 87.4% ± 10.2%, respectively; P < .001) and mROB score (from 4.7 ± 1.6 to 6.9 ± 1.6, respectively; P < .001). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that trials with follow-up periods of <5 years clearly stated primary outcomes, and a focus on the elbow, shoulder, or knee were associated with higher mean-transformed Detsky and mROB scores. The median Fragility Index was 2 (interquartile range, 0-5) for trials with statistically significant. Studies with small sample sizes (<100 patients) were more likely to have low Fragility Index scores and less likely to have a statistically significant finding in any outcome.

Conclusion:

The quantity and quality of published RCTs published in AJSM increased over the past 3 decades. However, single-center trials with small sample sizes were prone to fragile results.
COVID-19 Incidence and Disease Course Among Patients at an Allergy Department
Authors: van der Aa Louise E. , van Egmond Inge S. , van der Sluijs Martijn , den Otter A.A. Sophie , Bosmans Nadie H.M. , van Beek Sabine E. , Hartman Angela , Guchelaar Niels A.D. , van Daele Paul L.A. , van Maaren Maurits S. , van Hagen P. Martin , Hermans Maud A.W. , Rombach Saskia M.
Published: May 2023

Background

Since the coronavirus pandemic in 2020, there is not much reported about the disease course of COVID-19 in patients with allergic diseases.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the cumulative incidence and severity of COVID-19 among patients from the allergy department compared with the general Dutch population and people from their household.

Design

We conducted a comparative longitudinal cohort study.

Methods

In this study patients of the allergy department were included with their household members as a control group. Data from the beginning of the pandemic were systematically obtained through questionnaires by telephonic interviews and retrieved from electronic patient files between October 15, 2020 and January 29, 2021. Main outcomes were confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, disease duration, hospitalization, intensive care admission, and mortality. Questions regarding applied social distancing measures were inventoried as well.

Results

Three hundred and eighty nine patients (median age 39.1 (18.7-84.7) years, 69.9% female) and 441 household members (median age 42.0 (18.0-91.5), 44.1% female) were included. The cumulative COVID-19 incidence in patients was higher compared with the general population (10.5% vs 5.6%, P < .001). In total, 41 (10.5%) patients attending the allergy clinic compared to 38 (8.6%) household members were infected with SARS-CoV-2 ( P = .407). Median disease duration was 11.0 (0.0-61.0) days in patients compared to 10.5(1.0-232.0) days in household members ( P = .996).

Conclusion

The cumulative COVID-19 incidence in patients from the allergy cohort was higher compared with the general Dutch population, but similar compared with household members. There was no difference in symptoms, disease duration, or hospitalization rate between the allergy cohort and their household members.
Application of magnetic resonance image compilation (MAGiC) in the diagnosis of middle-aged and elderly women with osteoporosis
Authors: Chen Yiming , Mei Xiuting , Liang Xuqian , Cao Yi , Peng Cong , Fu Yang , Zhang Yulong , Liu Cuifang , Liu Yang
Published: May 2023

Objective

To investigate the feasibility of diagnosing osteoporosis (OP) in women through magnetic resonance image compilation (MAGiC).

Methods

A total of 110 patients who underwent lumbar magnetic resonance imaging and dual X-ray absorptiometry examinations were collected and divided into two groups according bone mineral density: osteoporotic group (OP) and non-osteoporotic group (non-OP). The variation trends of T1 (longitudinal relaxation time), T2 (transverse relaxation time) and BMD (bone mineral density) with the increase of age, and the correlation of T1 and T2 with BMD were examined by establishing a clinical mathematical model.

Results

With the increase of age, BMD and T1 value decreased gradually, while T2 value increased. T1 and T2 had statistical significance in diagnosing OP (P < 0.001), and there is moderate positive correlation between T1 and BMD values (R = 0.636, P < 0.001), while moderate negative correlation between T2 and BMD values (R=-0.694, P < 0.001). Receiver characteristic curve test showed that T1 and T2 had high accuracy in diagnosing OP (T1 AUC = 0.982, T2 AUC = 0.978), and the critical values of T1 and T2 for evaluating osteoporosis were 0.625s and 0.095s, respectively. Besides, the combined utilization of T1 and T2 had higher diagnostic efficiency (AUC = 0.985). Combined T1 and T2 had higher diagnostic efficiency (AUC = 0.985). Function fitting results of OP group: BMD=-0.0037* age − 0.0015*T1 + 0.0037*T2 + 0.86, sum of squared error (SSE) = 0.0392, and non-OP group: BMD = 0.0024* age − 0.0071*T1 + 0.0007*T2 + 1.41, SSE = 0.1007.

Conclusion

T1 and T2 value of MAGiC have high efficiency in diagnosing OP by establishing a function fitting formula of BMD with T1, T2 and age.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions on the health care utilization of cancer patients
Authors: Schneider Nico , Strauss Bernhard , Hübner Jutta , Keinki Christian , Brandt Florian , Rubai Sabine , Altmann Uwe
Published: May 2023

Background

COVID-19 has impacted both society and medical care. While Germany entered the first lockdown in spring 2020, the PIKKO study (Patient information, communication and competence empowerment in oncology) was still active. The intervention modules, patient navigator (PN), services of the Saarland Cancer Society (SCS), psycho-social counseling and different courses, and online knowledge database (ODB) continued to be offered, but in an adapted form. It was the aim of this supplementary survey to identify the restrictions and burdens of the pandemic containment strategies on the PIKKO patients and thus on the PIKKO study itself. Furthermore, this work shows how the PIKKO modules were used during the lockdown.

Methods

All patients in the PIKKO intervention group (IG) were invited to complete a questionnaire, n = 503. Furthermore, utilization of the SCS and log files of the ODB were analyzed. For socio-demographic data and contacts with the PN, data from the regular PIKKO surveys were used. In addition to descriptive statistics, chi²-tests, F-tests and linear regression analyses were performed.

Results

356 patients participated in this supplemental survey. 37.6% reported restrictions. “Restrictions on accompanying persons”, “ban on visits to the wards” and “protective mouth-nose-mask” were reported as the greatest burdens. 39.0% expressed fears that the restrictions would have an impact on the course of their disease. Linear regression analyses showed differences in feelings of burden among age groups (more among < 60-year-olds), gender (more among women), children in the household (more with children), and preexisting financial stress (more with financial worries). In April 2020, there was more patient contact with PNs by phone, more SCS psycho-social counseling by phone, adapted SCS course offering, but with significantly fewer participants, and high activity on the ODB.

Conclusion

Cancer patients in the IG reported restrictions from the pandemic containment strategies and feared an impact on their recovery. However, whether a burden is perceived as heavy depends more on gender, age, or pre-existing burdens than on whether the lockdown affects PIKKO or not. The utilization of counseling, courses or the ODB despite lockdown shows the need for such services, especially in times of crisis.

Trial registration

This study was retrospectively registered in the German Clinical Trial Register under DRKS00016703 (21 Feb 2019, retrospectively registered). https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00016703.
Effects of a Massive Open Online Course on osteoarthritis knowledge and pain self-efficacy in people with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis: protocol for the MOOC-OA randomised controlled trial
Authors: Nelligan Rachel K. , Hinman Rana S. , Egerton Thorlene , Gregory Maya , Bidgood Neil , McManus Ms Fiona , De Silva Anurika P. , Lamb Karen E. , Bennell Kim L.
Published: May 2023

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent, chronic joint condition that commonly affects the knee and hip causing pain, impaired function, and reduced quality of life. As there is no cure, the main goal of treatment is to alleviate symptoms via ongoing self-management predominantly consisting of exercise and weight loss (if indicated). However, many people with OA do not feel adequately informed about their condition and management options to self-manage effectively. Patient education is recommended by all OA Clinical Practice Guidelines to support appropriate self-management, but little is known about the optimal delivery method and content. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are free, interactive, e-learning courses. They have been used to deliver patient education in other chronic health conditions but have not been used in OA.

Methods

A two-arm parallel-design, assessor- and participant-blinded superiority randomised controlled trial. People with persistent knee/hip pain consistent with a clinical diagnosis of knee/hip OA (n = 120) are being recruited from the Australia-wide community. Participants are randomly allocated into one of two groups i) electronic information pamphlet (control group) or ii) MOOC (experimental group). Those allocated to the control group receive access to an electronic pamphlet about OA and its recommended management, currently available from a reputable consumer organisation. Those allocated to the MOOC receive access to a 4-week 4-module interactive consumer-facing e-Learning course about OA and its recommended management. Course design was informed by behaviour theory and learning science, and consumer preferences. The two primary outcomes are OA knowledge and pain self-efficacy with a primary endpoint of 5 weeks and a secondary endpoint of 13 weeks. Secondary outcomes include measures of fear of movement, exercise self-efficacy, illness perceptions, OA management and health professional care seeking intentions, physical activity levels, and actual use of physical activity/exercise and weight loss, pain medication, and health professional care seeking to manage joint symptoms. Clinical outcomes and process measures are also collected.

Discussion

Findings will determine whether a comprehensive consumer-facing MOOC improves OA knowledge and confidence to self-manage joint pain compared to a currently available electronic OA information pamphlet.

Trial registration

Prospectively registered (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ID: ACTRN12622001490763).
Inflammatory blood parameters as prognostic factors for implant-associated infection after primary total hip or knee arthroplasty: a systematic review
Authors: Domecky Petr , Rejman Patkova Anna , Mala-Ladova Katerina , Maly Josef
Published: May 2023

Background

Implant-associated infection (IAI) is a potential complication following total hip (THA) or knee arthroplasty (TKA). The initial phase of the inflammatory process can be measured by applying one of the inflammatory blood parameters (IBP). This systematic review aims to assess the response of IBP to trauma caused by orthopedic surgery and evaluate the clinical utility of quantitative measurements of IBP as prognostic factors for infection.

Methods

All studies indexed in Ovid MEDLINE (PubMed), Ovid EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and the ISI Web of Science databases, from inception until January 31, 2020, were analyzed. Studies included were those on adults who underwent THA or TKA with minimum follow up of 30 days after surgery. In addition to minimum follow up, data on the prognostic factors for pre- or post-THA/TKA IAI were mandatory. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy tool (version 2) (QUADAS-2) and Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies guideline 2015 (STARD) were used for quality assessment.

Results

Twelve studies fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. C-reactive protein was analyzed in seven studies, interleukin-6 in two studies and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in eight studies. White blood cell count and procalcitonin were analyzed in the only study. The overall quality of included studies was low. A potential for other cytokines (IL-1ra, IL-8) or MCP-1 was observed.

Conclusions

This is the first systematic review of IBP response to orthopedic surgery which identified some IBP for pre/post-operative screening, despite insufficient data supporting their prognostic potential for patient risk stratification.
Evaluation of root and canal morphology of mandibular premolar amongst Saudi subpopulation using the new system of classification: a CBCT study
Authors: Karobari Mohmed Isaqali , Iqbal Azhar , Syed Jamaluddin , Batul Rumesa , Adil Abdul Habeeb , Khawaji Sara Akili , Howait Mohammed , Khattak Osama , Noorani Tahir Yusuf
Published: May 2023

Background

The clinician should have complete knowledge of the normal anatomy of the root as well as complexities in the root canal configuration for a better outcome, as missed or improper handling of the canal system can lead to the failure of an entire endodontic procedure. The present study aims to assess the morphology of roots and canals in permanent mandibular premolars in the Saudi subpopulation with a new classification system.

Methods

The present study includes 1230 mandibular premolars (645 first premolars and 585-second premolars) from 500 CBCT images of the patients, including retrospective data. iCAT scanner system (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA, USA) was used to obtain the images; scanning of 8 × 8 cm images was performed at 120 KVp and 5–7 mA with a voxel size of 0.2 mm. The new method of classification presented by Ahmed et al. 2017 was used to record and classify the root canal morphology, followed by recording the differences regarding the age and gender of the patients. Comparison of canal morphology in lower permanent premolars and its association with gender and age of the patients was done by Chi-square test/ Fisher exact test; the significance level was set at 5% (p ≤ 0.05).

Results

The left mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars with one root were 47.31%, with two roots were 2.19%. However, three roots (0.24%) and C-shaped canals (0.24%) were reported only in the left mandibular 2nd premolar. The right mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars with one root were 47.56%, with two roots were 2.03%. The overall percentage of the number of roots and canals in the first and second premolars1PM1(88.38%),2PM1B1 L1(3.5%),2PM B1 L1(0.65%),1PM1–2−1(3.08%),1PM1–2(3.17%),1PM1–2−1–2(0.24%),3PMMB1DB1L1(0.48%). However, the C-shaped canals (0.40%) were reported in right and left mandibular second premolars. No statistically significant difference was reported between mandibular premolars and gender. A statistically significant difference was reported between mandibular premolars and the age of the study subjects.

Conclusion

Type I (1TN1) was the major root canal configuration in permanent mandibular premolars, which was higher among males. The CBCT imaging provides thorough details about the root canal morphology of lower premolars. These findings could support diagnosis, decision-making, and root canal treatment, for dental professionals.
Differential expression of serum mir-363-3p in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and its predictive value for their pregnancy
Authors: Sang Min , Yu Ying , Zhou Zhi , Zhang Yaqi , Chang Haiping
Published: May 2023

Background

This study aimed to investigate the expression of serum miR-363-3p in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its predictive value for pregnancy after ovulation induction therapy.

Methods

The expression of serum miR-363-3p was detected by Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). PCOS patients were treated with ovulation induction therapy, and after the successful pregnancy was confirmed, they were followed up for 1 year in outpatient department to record the pregnancy outcomes of the patients. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between the expression level of miR-363-3p and biochemical indicators of PCOS patients. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of pregnancy failure after ovulation induction therapy.

Results

The serum level of miR-363-3p in PCOS group was significantly lower than that in control group. Compared with the control group, both pregnant and non-pregnant groups had lower miR-363-3p levels, while the non-pregnant group had a greater reduction in miR-363-3p levels than the pregnant group. Low levels of miR-363-3p showed high accuracy in distinguishing pregnant and non-pregnant patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that high levels of luteinizing hormone, testosterone (T), prolactin (PRL) and low level of miR-363-3p were independent risk factors for pregnancy failure after ovulation induction in PCOS patients. Additionally, compared with pregnancy outcomes of healthy women, the incidence of premature delivery, macrosomia, and gestational diabetes in PCOS patients increased.

Conclusions

The expression of miR-363-3p in PCOS patients was reduced and correlated with abnormal hormone levels, suggesting that miR-363-3p may be involved in the occurrence and development of PCOS.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding children with ICU-acquired weakness in pediatric intensive care unit among chinese medical staff: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Huang Di , Zhang Weiwei , Peng Weisi , Fan Yi , He Xin , Xing Ruirui , Yan XuDong , Zhou Sijia , Peng YueMing , Luo WeiXiang
Published: May 2023

Background

ICU-AW (Intensive Care Unit Acquired Weakness) is characterized by significant muscle weakness and can be caused by a variety of factors, including immobility, medication use, and underlying medical conditions.ICU-AW can affect critically ill children who have been hospitalized in the PICU for an extended period of time.The knowledge, attitude and practice level of ICU-AW of PICU medical staff directly affect the treatment of critically ill children with ICU-AW.The aim to this study was to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Chinese medical staff regarding critically ill children with intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) and related factors.

Methods

A Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) Questionnaire regarding critically ill children with ICU-AW was distributed to a stratified sample of 530 pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) healthcare workers. The questionnaire consisted of 31 items—with scores of 45, 40, and 40 for each dimension and a total score of 125.

Results

The mean total score of Chinese PICU healthcare workers for the KAP questionnaire regarding children with ICU-AW was 87.36 ± 14.241 (53–121), with mean total knowledge, attitudes, and practices scores of 30.35 ± 6.317, 30.46 ± 5.632, and 26.54 ± 6.454, respectively. The population distribution indicated that 50.56%, 46.04%, and 3.4% of healthcare workers had poor, average, and good scores, respectively. Multiple linear regression showed that gender, education, and hospital level classification influenced the KAP level of PICU healthcare workers regarding critically ill children with ICU-AW.

Conclusions

Overall, PICU healthcare workers in China have an average KAP level about ICU-AW, and the gender and education level of PICU healthcare workers, as well as the classification of hospitals where they work, predict the KAP status of healthcare workers regarding children with ICU-AW. Therefore, healthcare leaders should plan and develop specific training programs to improve the KAP level of PICU healthcare workers.
Identification of key genes and pathways in atherosclerosis using integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Li Shihuan , Li Suqin , Li Qingjie , Zhou Qiaofeng , Liao Wenli , Yu Liangzhu , Ouyang Changhan , Xia Hongli , Liu Chao , Li Mincai
Published: May 2023

Background

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that might induce severe cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction. These risk factors in the pathogenesis of AS remain uncertain and further research is needed. This study aims to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of AS by bioinformatics analyses.

Methods

GSE100927 gene expression profiles, including 69 AS samples and 35 healthy controls, were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database and indenfied for key genes and pathways in AS.

Results

A total of 443 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and AS were identified, including 323 down-regulated genes and 120 up-regulated genes. The Gene ontology terms enriched by the up-regulated DEGs were associated with the regulation of leukocyte activation, endocytic vesicle, and cytokine binding, while the down-regulated DEGs were associated with negative regulation of cell growth, extracellular matrix, and G protein-coupled receptor binding. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the up-regulated DEGs were enriched in Osteoclast differentiation and Phagosome, while the down-regulated DEGs were enriched in vascular smooth muscle contraction and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. Using the modular analysis of Cytoscape, we identified 3 modules mainly involved in Leishmaniasis and Osteoclast differentiation. The GSEA analysis showed the up-regulated gene sets were enriched in the ribosome, ascorbated metabolism, and propanoate metabolism. The LASSO Cox regression analysis showed the top 3 genes were TNF, CX3CR1, and COL1R1. Finally, we found these immune cells were conferred significantly higher infiltrating density in the AS group.

Conclusions

Our data showed the pathway of Osteoclast differentiation and Leishmaniasis was involved in the AS process and we developed a three-gene model base on the prognosis of AS. These findings clarified the gene regulatory network of AS and may provide a novel target for AS therapy.
Comparative study of optical coherence tomograph and histological images of eustachian tube nasopharyngeal region and adjacent structures in vivo and ex-vivo miniature pigs
Authors: Sun Xiao-Mei , Xiao Zhi-Wen , Luo Jia-Qi , Gu Qing-Yu , Zhang Hui-Qing , Li Bai-Ling , Zhuang Shi-Min , Zhang Guan-Ping
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Optical Coherence Tomograph (OCT) imaging technology can be used to examine, in vivo, the human ET. At present, it is impossible to achieve the OCT scanning vivo and ex vivo in the same individual human body, or study the consistency between OCT images and histological images of the eustachian tube nasopharyngeal region and adjacent structures. The aim of this study was to determine the consistency between OCT images and histological sections in vivo and ex vivo in miniature pigs.

Methods

OCT imaging was performed on five adult miniature pigs in vivo and ex vivo. The images of the eustachian tube OCT (ET-OCT), nasopharynx OCT (NP-OCT) and histological cross sections were further studied.

Results

All five miniature pigs achieved the OCT scan successfully, acquiring ET-OCT and NP-OCT images in vivo and ex vivo on both sides. The acquired ET OCT images closely matched the histological images, revealing details of the cartilage, submucosa, glands, and mucosa. The lower segment of the ET wall mucosa had an abundance of glands and submucosal tissues, with more low-signal areas appearing in the ex vivo images. The NP-OCT images of the nasopharynx matched the details of the mucosa and submucosal tissues. The ex-vivo OCT images showed thicker mucosa and more scattered slightly lower signal areas compared to the vivo OCT images.

Conclusions

ET-OCT images and NP-OCT images matched the histological structure of eustachian tube nasopharyngeal region structures in miniature pigs both in vivo and ex vivo. OCT images may be sensitive to changes in edema and ischemia status. There is a great potential for morphological assessment of inflammation, edema, injure, mucus gland status.
Molecular characteristics of clinical IMP-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates: novel IMP-90 and integron In2147
Authors: Yang Liuyang , Zhang Guangcun , Zhao Qiang , Guo Ling , Yang Jiyong
Published: May 2023

Background

Since the first report of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in China in 2007, the prevalence of CRKP and CRE has increased significantly. However, the molecular characteristics of IMP-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (IMPKp) are rarely reported.

Methods

A total of 29 IMPKp isolates were collected from a Chinese tertiary hospital from 2011 to 2017. Clinical IMPKp were identified by VITEK®MS, and further analyzed by whole-genome DNA sequencing with HiSeq and PacBio RSII sequencer. Sequencing data were analyzed using CSI Phylogeny 1.4, Resfinder, PlasmidFinder and the MLST tool provided by the Centre for Genomic Epidemiology. The analysis results were visualized using iTOL editor v1_1. The open reading frames and pseudogenes were predicted using RAST 2.0 combined with BLASTP/BLASTN searches against the RefSeq database. The databases CARD, ResFinder, ISfinder, and INTEGRALL were performed for annotation of the resistance genes, mobile elements, and other features. The types of blaIMP in clinical isolates were determined by BIGSdb-Pasteur. Integrons were drawn by Snapgene, and the gene organization diagrams were drawn by Inkscape 0.48.1.

Results

Four novel ST type, including ST5422, ST5423, ST5426 and ST5427 were identified. The IMP-4 and IMP-1 were the dominant IMP type. The majority of blaIMP-carrying plasmids belonged to IncN and IncHI5. Two novel blaIMP-carrying integrons (In2146 and In2147) were uncovered. A novel variant blaIMP-90 presented in novel integron In2147 has been identified.

Conclusions

IMPKp showed low prevalence in China. Novel molecular characteristics of IMPKp have been identified. Continuous monitoring of IMPKp shall also be carried out in the future.
Altered endocannabinoidome bioactive lipid levels accompany reduced DNBS-induced colonic inflammation in germ-free mice
Authors: Venneri Tommaso , Giorgini Giada , Leblanc Nadine , Flamand Nicolas , Borrelli Francesca , Silvestri Cristoforo , Di Marzo Vincenzo
Published: May 2023

Background

Gut microbiota are involved in the onset and development of chronic intestinal inflammation. The recently described endocannabinoidome (eCBome), a diverse and complex system of bioactive lipid mediators, has been reported to play a role in various physio-pathological processes such as inflammation, immune responses and energy metabolism. The eCBome and the gut microbiome (miBIome) are closely linked and form the eCBome - miBIome axis, which may be of special relevance to colitis.

Methods

Colitis was induced in conventionally raised (CR), antibiotic-treated (ABX) and germ-free (GF) mice with dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS). Inflammation was assessed by Disease Activity Index (DAI) score, body weight change, colon weight-length ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and cytokine gene expression. Colonic eCBome lipid mediator concentrations were measured by HPLC-MS /MS.

Results

GF mice showed increased levels of anti-inflammatory eCBome lipids (LEA, OEA, DHEA and 13- HODE-EA) in the healthy state and higher MPO activity. DNBS elicited reduced inflammation in GF mice, having lower colon weight/length ratios and lower expression levels of Il1b, Il6, Tnfa and neutrophil markers compared to one or both of the other DNBS-treated groups. Il10 expression was also lower and the levels of several N-acyl ethanolamines and 13-HODE-EA levels were higher in DNBS-treated GF mice than in CR and ABX mice. The levels of these eCBome lipids negatively correlated with measures of colitis and inflammation.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the depletion of the gut microbiota and subsequent differential development of the gut immune system in GF mice is followed by a compensatory effect on eCBome lipid mediators, which may explain, in part, the observed lower susceptibility of GF mice to develop DNBS-induced colitis.
The financial need of feeding infants for the first six months of life in West Java Province of Indonesia and the implications of socioeconomic and mental health factors
Authors: Relaksana Riki , Akbar Adhadian , Sihaloho Estro Dariatno , Ferdian Dani , Siregar Adiatma YM
Published: May 2023

Background

In Indonesia, nearly half of all children aged less than six months were not exclusively breastfed in 2017. This study aimed to compare the cost of providing direct or indirect exclusive breastfeeding 0–6 months, partial exclusive breastfeeding and commercial milk formula only. This study also assessed the maternal socioeconomic and mental health factors to providing exclusive breastfeeding.

Methods

Data were collected in 2018 via a cross-sectional survey of 456 mothers in Bandung City and Purwakarta District, West Java Province, Indonesia, who had children aged less than six months. We used micro-costing to calculate the cost of productivity, equipment, supplies, and training of mothers when providing direct exclusive breastfeeding, indirect exclusive breastfeeding, partial exclusive breastfeeding (a mix of breastfeed and commercial milk formula), and infant formula/commercial milk formula only. Logistic regression was used to determine the impact of several independent variables, including mother’s level of depression, on exclusive breastfeeding.

Results

To provide direct exclusive breastfeeding, the cost per mother in the first six months is US$81.08, which is less expensive than indirect exclusive breastfeeding (US$171.15), partial exclusive breastfeeding (US$487.8) and commercial milk formula (US$494.9). We also found that education and age are associated with the decision to provide direct exclusive breastfeeding. Mothers who work will most likely provide indirect exclusive breastfeeding, commercial milk formula, or partial breastfeeding as opposed to direct exclusive breastfeeding. Finally, although severe depression symptoms have a positive relationship with the decision to provide commercial milk formula over direct exclusive breastfeeding, the evidence here is not strong.

Conclusions

The total cost of providing only commercial milk formula is 6-times higher than the cost of direct exclusive breastfeeding. The presence of severe depression symptoms is positively related to mothers opting for other feeding methods aside of direct exclusive breastfeeding and indirect exclusive breastfeeding. This study shows that direct exclusive breastfeeding is economically preferable to other methods, supports policies to reduce the time cost of exclusive breastfeeding (e.g., paid maternity leave and maternal cash transfers), and addresses the importance of mother’s mental health to ensure successful breastfeeding.
Survival time and prognostic factors in canine leishmaniosis in a non-endemic country treated with a two-phase protocol including initial allopurinol monotherapy
Authors: de Jong Marja Klazina , Rappoldt Aukje , Broere Femke , Piek Christine Jantine
Published: May 2023

Background

Leishmania infantum is an intracellular protozoan parasite which is endemic in countries of the Mediterranean Basin. Leishmaniosis is increasingly diagnosed in non-endemic areas due to the relocation of dogs from endemic areas and the travel of dogs to and from these areas. The prognosis of leishmaniosis in these dogs may differ from that of those in endemic areas. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the Kaplan–Meier estimated survival time for dogs with leishmaniosis in the Netherlands (a non-endemic country), (2) to determine if clinicopathological variables at the time of diagnosis predicted the survival of these dogs, and (3) to evaluate the effect of a two-phase therapy protocol of allopurinol monotherapy followed by meglumine antimoniate and/or miltefosine in the case of incomplete remission or relapse.

Methods

The database of the Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University was investigated for leishmaniosis patients. Patient records were reviewed for signalment and clinicopathological data at the time of diagnosis. Only treatment-naive patients were included. Follow-up was performed during the study by phone contact and included treatment received and date and cause of death. Univariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results

The estimated median Kaplan–Meier survival time was 6.4 years. In the univariate analysis, increases in monocyte, plasma urea and creatinine concentrations, and urine protein to creatinine ratio were all significantly associated with decreased survival time. The majority of patients only received allopurinol monotherapy.

Conclusions

Canine leishmaniosis patients in our study population in the Netherlands, which is non-endemic for the disease, had an estimated Kaplan–Meier median survival time of 6.4 years, which is comparable to the outcome of other reported therapy protocols. Increased plasma urea and creatinine concentrations and monocyte concentration were statistically associated with an increased risk of death. We conclude that initial allopurinol monotherapy for 3 months should be effective in more than half of canine leishmaniosis cases, provided there is adequate follow-up, and that meglumine antimoniate or miltefosine therapy should be started as the second phase of the protocol in cases where remission is incomplete or there is a relapse.

Graphical Abstract
Serum vitamin D levels and Sjogren’s syndrome: bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Zhao Meng , Wei Feiran , Li Han , Wang Zemin , Wang Shuai , Liu Yangyang , Fei Gaoqiang , Ge You , Wei Pingmin
Published: May 2023

Background

Based on the results of existing observational studies, it can be found that the association between serum vitamin D levels and the risk of Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) in humans is still controversial. Based on this situation, this study aimed to assess the causal relationship between serum vitamin D levels and SS by using the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Methods

In this study, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics on serum vitamin D levels [sample size = 417,580 (UK Biobank)] and SS [sample size = 416,757 (cases = 2495, controls = 414,262) (FinnGen)] were used. The bi-directional MR analysis was then used to assess possible causal relationships. The major analysis method of MR was performed using inverse-variance weighted (IVW), supplemented by MR-Egger and the weighted median approaches. In addition, sensitivity analyses were used to ensure the stability of the results, including Cochran’s Q test, MR-PRESSO, MR-Egger intercept test, and the leave-one-out test.

Results

The MR suggested that no significant causal effects of serum 25(OH)D levels on SS risks were observed [odds ratio (OR) = 0.9824; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.7130 to 1.3538; P = 0.9137]. Similarly, no evidence supported the causal effects of SS on serum vitamin D levels (β: 0.0076, 95% CI: − 0.0031 to 0.0183; P = 0.1640).

Conclusion

This study found no obvious evidence that serum vitamin D level is causally associated with SS risks or vice versa. We call for larger sample size studies to further unravel the potential causal relationship and the exact mechanism.