Does Pure Platelet-Rich Plasma Affect Postoperative Clinical Outcomes After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair?
Authors: Flury Matthias , Rickenbacher Dominik , Schwyzer Hans-Kaspar , Jung Christian , Schneider Marco M. , Stahnke Katharina , Goldhahn Jörg , Audigé Laurent 
Published: May 2016

Background:

The exact role of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in rotator cuff tendon reconstruction remains unclear.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

This study investigated whether an intraoperative pure PRP injection, compared with a local anesthetic injection, improves patient-reported outcomes at 3 and 6 months after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The hypothesis was that pure PRP improves patient-reported outcomes (Oxford Shoulder Score [OSS]) at 3 and 6 months after surgery and has the same pain-reducing effect compared with a postoperative subacromial local anesthetic (ropivacaine) injection.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

Between January 2011 and November 2012, a total of 120 patients who underwent arthroscopic double-row repair of a supraspinatus tendon rupture were randomized to receive either pure PRP by an injection at the footprint (PRP group; n = 60) or ropivacaine injected in the subacromial region (control group; n = 60). Seventy-eight percent of patients had other concomitant tears. All patients, surgeons, and follow-up investigators were blinded. Clinical parameters and various outcome scores (Constant-Murley shoulder score; OSS; patient American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score; quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score; EuroQol 5 dimensions) were documented preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 24 months postoperatively. The repair integrity was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound at 24 months. Furthermore, a pain diary was completed within the first 10 postoperative days, and adverse events were recorded. Group outcome differences were analyzed using t tests, Fisher exact tests, and mixed models.

Results:

The final follow-up rate was 91%. An associated tear of the subscapularis tendon was diagnosed in 23% of PRP-treated patients and 36% of control patients. Three months after surgery, the mean (±SD) OSS was 32.9 ± 8.6 in PRP-treated patients and 30.7 ± 10.0 in control patients ( P = .221). No significant differences were noted for other outcome parameters as well as at 6 and 24 months postoperatively. Smoking was a significant effect modifier. Pain for both groups decreased from postoperative day 1 to 10 without any significant group difference ( P = .864). Six (12.2%) and 11 (20.8%) patients were diagnosed with a recurrent supraspinatus tendon defect in the PRP and control groups, respectively ( P = .295). Twenty-two (40.7%) and 18 (30.5%) PRP-treated and control patients, respectively, experienced a local adverse event within 24 months ( P = .325).

Conclusion:

Patients treated with pure PRP showed no significantly improved function at 3, 6, and 24 months after arthroscopic repair compared with control patients receiving ropivacaine; however, a similar pain reduction was documented in both groups. The negative influence of smoking on the effect of pure PRP requires further investigation.

Registration:

NCT01266226 ( ClinicalTrials.gov ).