bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Танатологические хронотопы в романе Евгения Водолазкина „Авиатор”
Authors: Nefagina Galina
Published: March 2020

Thanatological chronotopesin Eugene Vodolazkin’s novel The AviatorEugene Vodolazkin’s novel is based on thanatologic motives. Eternal literary theme enables to realize represent the author’s concept of death. The article deals with peculiar features of the plot, types of death representation and types of thanatologic chronotope connected with them. The plot is as an inverted parabola, the branch of which tends upwards and reaching its apogee to life resurrection and tends to death again. It is possible to define types of fictitious and real death, natural and brutal, physical and spiritual. Different thanatological chronotopes correspond to different types of death. Time-space relation makes it possible to show the summation of ontological, axiological, ethical and religious sides of thanatological issues.Танаталагічныя хранатопыў рамане Яўгена Вадалазкіна Авіятар  Раман Яўгена Вадалазкіна збудаваны на танаталагічных матывах. Вечная для літара­туры тэма дае магчымасць рэалізацыі аўтарскай канцэпцыі смерці. У артыкуле разглядаю­цца асаблівасці сюжэту, тыпы рэпрэзентацыі смерці і звязаныя з імі тыпы танаталагічных хранатопаў. Сюжэт пабудаваны па прынцыпе перавернутай парабалы, галіна якой імкнецца ўгору і, дасягнуўшы апагею, сыходзіць уніз. Асаблівасцю сюжэта рамана Авіятар з’яўляецца рух ад смерці да жыцця уваскрашэнне і затым зноў да смерці. Вылучаюцца тыпы ўяўнай і рэальнай смерці, натуральнай і гвалтоўнай, фізічнай і духоўнай. Розным тыпам смерці ад­павядаюць розныя танаталагічныя хранатопы. Суадносіны часу-прасторы дазваляюць адлю­страваць комплекс анталагічных, аксіалагічных, этычных і рэлігійных бакоў танаталагічнай праблематыкі.
Ситуация „преставления” в старообрядческой агиографии
Authors: Zhuravel Olga
Published: March 2020

The situation of death in Old Believers’ hagiographyThe article was written based on Old Russian and Old Believers’ literature. The author plac­es special emphasis on the Old Believers’ Hagiography, especially on the Ural-Siberian Paterik created in the 1940–1990s, which was recently discovered by Siberian scientists. The author is researching the structure and topic of a plot situation related to dying of a saint or an ascetic. A complex of the key motifs, that define the death situation, is revealed. Amongst them is the motif of mystery, prophecy and the prediction of saint’s own death. It was noted that the topos of disease is of great importance — a detailed presentation of the physical suffering of the person. The motif of prayer and Communion was described next. It has been noted that the presentation of thedeparture of a saint is accompanied by his visions of afterlife. In addition, the theme of a “quiet demise” death depicted as falling asleep and few posthumous toposes, such as the transfiguration of a face after death or imperishable relics and miracles associated with them, were distinguished. It is noted that the revealed motifs, that are intrinsic to the plot topic, are reflected in the oeuvre of the leading Russian authors.Okoliczności „umierania”w hagiografii staroobrzędowców Artykuł napisano, opierając się na dziełach literatury staroruskiej oraz twórczości staro­obrzędowców. Skoncentrowano się na hagiografii staroobrzędowców, a przede wszystkim na Pateryku Uralsko-Syberyjskim stworzonym w latach 1940–1990, niedawno odkrytym przez syberyjskich uczonych. Badaniom poddano strukturę i tematykę wątków fabularnych związa­nych z „umieraniem” świętego lub ascety. Wybrano zbiór motywów kluczowych dla przedstawień sytuacji śmierci. Spośród nich wyłoniono motyw tajemnicy, proroctwa oraz przewidywania przez świętych własnej śmierci. Zauważono, iż ogromne znaczenie przypisuje się toposowi choroby — szczegółowemu przedstawieniu cierpienia fizycznego chorego. Następnie opisano motywy mo­dlitwy i przyjmowania komunii. Odnotowano, że przedstawieniu odejścia świętego towarzyszą jego wizje życia pozagrobowego. Ponadto wyróżniono motyw „cichego odejścia” śmierć przed­stawiona jako zasypianie oraz kilka toposów pośmiertnych, takich jak zmiana wyglądu twarzy zmarłego czy niezniszczalne relikwie oraz wiążące się z nimi cuda. Zauważono, iż wskazane motywy, charakterystyczne dla danego narodu, znalazły swoje odzwierciedlenie w twórczości czołowych pisarzy rosyjskich
Chronos contra Tanatos w postapokaliptycznym świecie na materiale powieści Kyś Tatiany Tołstoj i Kaharłyk Ołeha Szynkarenki
Authors: Ursulenko Anna
Published: March 2020

Chronos versus Thanatos in a post-apocalyptic world as presented in Tatyana Tolstaya’s The Slynx and Oleh Shynkarenko’s KaharlykThe article explores issues related to images and concepts used by the writers of dystopias imagining a post-apocalyptic world to diagnose the condition of their national communities. The author discusses, among other things, the means of presenting time such as metaphors of looping or stopping time, which help construct the messages conveyed in the novels. Particular attention is paid to the contrast between Chronos and Thanatos — figures representing time and death, which are widely used in culture. In the analyzed novels, this contrast, which is characteristic of post-Enlightenment secular consciousness, is reflected in the creation of an antithesis between the historic and the archaic.  Хронос contra Танатос в постапокалітичному світіна матеріалі романів Кись Тетяни Толстої і Кагарлик Олега ШинкаренкаВ статті розглядаються питання, пов’язані з образами і концепціями, за допомогою яких автори дистопій, зображуючи постапокаліптичний світ, діагностують кондицію власних національних спільнот. Аналізуються, зокрема, засоби представлення часу, як-то метафора часової петлі чи зупиненого часу, що допомагають будувати ідейне наповнення даних творів. Особлива увага звертається на характерне для післяпросвітницької світської свідомості протиставлення Хроноса і Танатоса, тобто культурних фігур смерті й часу, що в обраних творах знаходить своє віддзеркалення в побудові антитези історія — архаїка.
Traktaty o czterech ostatecznych rzeczach człowieka w literaturze czeskiej XVI i XVII wieku. Zarys problematyki
Authors: Koczur-Lejk Klaudia
Published: March 2020

Treatises on four ultimate truths about the human condition in 16th and 17th century Czech literature an outline of issuesCzech literature of the 16th and 17th century was for readers of that time an important source of admonishment concerning death and afterlife. Manuals about the art of dying — ars moriendi books — provided ample advice on how to die a “good death”. Besides that, their authors focused also on other issues of ultimate importance for human beings, i.e. death, God’s judgment, heaven and hell. The aim of the treatises was to make readers lead a good life through constant pondering over death and the uncertainty of the soul’s fate in the afterlife. Descriptions of various tortures suffered by the damned in hell were meant to frighten sinners, make them repent and change their lives. Descriptions of heaven, on the other hand, were supposed to lure people into doing good. According to the Catholic dogma, after death, the soul can go to heaven, hell or purgatory. The Protestant Reformation rejected purgatory as wishful human fiction, and returned to a traditional dualistic view of the afterlife.  Traktáty o čtyřech posledních věcech člověka v české literatuře 16. a 17. století náčrt problematikyČeská náboženská vzdělávací literatura 16. a 17. století představovala pro čtenáře důležitý zdroj poučení o smrti a posmrtném životě. Příručky šťastného umírání — knihy ars moriendi přinášely rady, jak má dobrá smrt vypadat. Kromě této problematiky se autoři zabývali tématy souvisejícími s posledními věcmi člověka, to je smrtí, božím soudem, peklem a nebem. Cílem traktátů bylo přimět čtenaře k dobrému životu prostřednictvím myšlenky na smrt a nejistý posmrtný osud duše. Líčení pekelných trestů mělo vyvolat u hříšníků hrůzu, přimět je, aby změnili své chování a nastoupili cestu pokání. Popisy ráje měly lákat a přitahovat. Podle katolíků duše po smrti mohla jít do nebe, pekla nebo ji čekal očistěc, kde měla smýt hříchy a poté vstoupit na nebesa. Reformace odmítla učení o očistci, a proto na něm protestanští autoři zdůrazňovali lidský výmysl.
Między roszadą a niebytem. Milana Kundery wadzenie się ze śmiercią
Authors: Skibska Anna Maria
Published: March 2020

Between a castling move and non-existence: Milan Kundera’s self-quarreling deathThe article is initiated by an introductory assumption regarding the funeral structure of writing which, in the process of its self-constitution, always has to face the absence of its content being a subject of thematization. Maintaining the aforementioned assumption and referring to certain philosophical contexts Heidegger, Lévinas, Derrida, the author tends to concentrate subsequently on Agnes, the elliptical character of Immortality, since she is perceived as an embodiment of being realized between a strategy of a castling move and a desire of non-existence. In order to accomplish this desire, Agnes conducts a peculiar game of subtraction, consisting in the gradual erasing of the traces of her own existence. The final event of splitting up with the world means, therefore, a definitive gesture of withdrawing from mankind with which Agnes cannot neither reconcile nor identify.  Mezi rošádou a nebytim: Kunderovo hádání se smrtiVstupním předpolkadem tohoto článku je existence funerální struktury pisma, které vzniká vždy za nepřítomnosti obsahu, jenž je předmětem tematizace. Pokud to příjmeme jako fakt a budeme na tento předpoklad aplikovat tanatické filozofické kontexty Heidegger, Lévinas, Derrida, budeme se moci plně soustředit na eliptické hrdince Nesmrtelnosti, protože ztělesňuje existenci rozprostírajicí se mezi strategií šachové rošády a touhou po nebytí. Na cestě spějíci k realizaci této touhy Ahnes propadá hře spočívajicí v postupném zatracování vlastní existence. Závěrečné rozloučení Agnes se světem symbolizuje její konečné odmítnutí lidstva, se kterým se nedokáže vyrovnat nebo identifikovat. Směřováni hrdinky k nebyti je tedy literárním konstruktem, prostřednictvím kterého Kundera kriticky nahlíži na lidský druh a vynikajicim způsobem reviduje konvenčni pohledy na vlastnosti, které jsou lidem píipisovány.
Motiv katabaze i naratološki koncept sveta priče
Authors: Milosavljević Milić Snežana
Published: March 2020

The katabasis motif and the narratological notion of the storyworldThe article analyzes the motive of katabasis related to the notion of the storyworld as the dominant methodological frame in the field of postclassical and cognitive narratology. Bearing in mind the criteria of authentication Doležel 1998, alternativity Ryan 1991, ontological difference Pavel 1986 and narrative extension Herman 2002, the author analyzes the descent into the underworld. Also, this kind of journey is considered in the context of the transfictional identity of literary characters. The properties of narratives with katabasis are considered in three different literary texts, with regard to their poetics and genres qualities: in the folktale The Faithful Brother, in the short story The Wind by Laza Lazarević, and in the drama The Eternity by Branislav Nušić. The mythological and archetypal layers of katabasis demonstrate its significant narrative potential when it comes to storyworld multiplications and transgressions.  Мотив катабасиса и наратологический концепт мира рассказа В статье анализируется мотив катабасиса. Мотив связан с понятием сюжетного мира, являющегося ведущей методологической рамкой посткласической нарратологии. Сошествие в загробный мир анализируется в соответствии со следующими критериями: аутентичности, „альтеритета”, онтологических различий и нарративной экстензии. Мотив сошествия в мир умерших рассматривается в контексте трансфикциональной идентичности литературного героя. Материалом для анализа послужили три произведения сербской литературы: народный рассказ Верный собрат, рассказ Ветер Лазы Лазаревича и драма Вечность Бранислава Нушича. Мифологические и архетипические уровни мотива катабасиса свидетельствуют о его высоком нарративном потенциале.
Karneval s mrtvacima Miroslav Krleža: Kraljevo
Authors: Pieniążek-Marković Krystyna
Published: March 2020

Carnival with the dead Miroslav Krleža: KraljevoKraljevo, a one-act play written by Miroslav Krleža in 1915, is a representation of “carnival” events accompanying a church fair day in the cathedral of St. Stephen in Zagreb. Among the participants of the fair party, are the suicides condemned to eternal wandering between the worlds of the dead and of the living. The article’s goal is to reflect on the function of death’s anthropomorphization in the expressionistic image of Zagreb society. Krleža exposes how loftiness is replaced with base erotic instincts, and reveals that when society is immersed in medieval rituals, what results is a cannibalistic vision of nonreality of hell, which serves to render Zagreb at the beginning of the 20th century. The author’s carnival with the dead reverses values, orders, and hierarchies, and undermines at least three essential components of identification: ludic tradition derived from local folklore, Catholic pathos, and Croatian patriotism.  Karnawał ze zmarłymi Miroslav Krleža: KraljevoJednoaktówka Mirosława Krležy z 1915 roku, zatytułowana Kraljevo, jest zapisem „karnawałowych” wydarzeń towarzyszących dniu odpustu w zagrzebskiej Katedrze świętego Stefana. W jarmarcznej zabawie uczestniczą samobójcy skazani na wieczne błądzenie pomiędzy światami żywych i umarłych. Celem artykułu jest namysł nad funkcją antropomorfizacji śmierci w ekspresjonistycznym obrazie zagrzebskiego społeczeństwa. Krleža pokazuje wzniosłość zastąpioną przez niskie erotyczne popędy, społeczeństwo zanurzone w średniowiecznych rytuałach, rysuje kanibaliczną nierzeczywistość piekła — Zagrzebia początku XX wieku. Krležiański karnawał ze zmarłymi odwraca wartości, porządki i hierarchie, a także podważa co najmniej trzy istotne elementy identyfikacyjne: ludyczną tradycję wyrastającą z folkloru, katolicki patos i chorwacki patriotyzm.
Smrt kao dvostruki eksces u poeziji Darka Cvijetića
Authors: Kos-Lajtman Andrijana
Published: March 2020

Death as a double excess in poetry of Darko CvijetićThe paper deals with the treatment of the theme of death in the poetry of the contemporary Bosnian author Darko Cvijetić. The author’s opus is full of motifs of death, it is a kind of “poetics of death” which generates not only a complex “poetic gallery of the dead”, but also a “gallery of the wounded”, through a dehumanized image of war and post-war Bosnia. A demonic face of the late 20th and early 21st century Balkans is the basic semantic framework for most of Darko Cvijetić texts, death and wounds are his central motif places. In this postmodern opus with expressive neo-avantgarde poetic gestures, death takes on determinants of accident and incident of the world, but of language as well. These two categories present in Cvijetić’s poetics are paired on the principle of a clepsydra — the experiential signs of these two categories, however, are opposite to each other: accidental/violent death as a fact of maximum cognitive and emotional intensity in the poetic realization manifests as linguistically inferior or self-evident place devoid of rhetoric and pathos. The process of a mute language gesture sometimes goes to the level which is beyond reason; as such, it is in counterpoint to the semantics of signifier. The result of this tension is resolved as an implosion in the reader, while the text to the end remains rhetorically restrained.  Śmierć jako podwójny eksces w poezji Darko CvijeticiaPraca porusza zagadnienia śmierci w poezji współczesnego bośniacko-hercegowińskiego autora Darko Cvijeticia. Śmierć jest kluczowym motywem całego zbioru Cvijeticia i można tu mówić o „poetyce śmierci”, która generuje nie tylko złożoną galerię martwych, lecz także galerię ranionych na podstawie zdehumanizowanego obrazu wojennej i powojennej Bośni. Demoniczna twarz Bałkanów na przełomie stuleci jest podstawową ramą semantyczną większości tekstów Cvijeticia, podczas gdy śmierć i rany są wiodącymi motywami miejscowymi. W tej postmodernistycznej twórczości wyrażonej neoawangardowymi szkicami śmierć staje się wyznacznikiem przypadkowości i ekscesu — zarówno świata, jak i języka. Dwie ostatnie kategorie w poezji Cvijeticia łączą się na zasadzie klepsydry — ich empiryczne oznaki są jednak przeciwne: przypadkowa/gwałtowna śmierć jako fakt maksymalnego poznawczo-emocjonalnego nasilenia w poetyckiej realizacji manifestuje się jako językowo gorsze lub oczywiste miejsce pozbawione retoryki i patosu. Proces wyciszania językowych gestów czasami sięga do krawędzi rozumu i jako taki staje w kontrapunkcie z semantyką oznaczonego. Efekt przytoczonych napięć rozwiązuje się jako implozja w czytelniku, podczas gdy tekst do końca pozostaje retorycznie ograniczony.
Obrada motiva smrti u nastavi književnosti
Authors: Božić Snežana
Published: March 2020

The motif of death in teaching literatureThis paper includes a survey of the affective and cognitive limitations in the students’ perception of the motif of death, particularly when it appears as the main theme in literary works analyzed in class. The author explores the frequency of such texts in the curriculum and provides specific psychological-pedagogical findings, which should be considered and applied. Furthermore, the paper contains certain methodological solutions applicable in some stages of interpretation that refer to the analysis of the motif of death. The solutions, on the one hand, take into consideration the values and the significance of the work itself, and on the other hand, the age of students and their individual characteristics such as personality, sensibility, the experience of the death of their loved ones or its lack. The insights and suggestions are related to the results of an online questionnaire conducted among teachers of literature about their approach to the motif of death in teaching, which is presented in this paper.  Aнализ мотивa смерти на уроках литературы в школеВ статье рассматриваются аффективные и когнитивные ограничения в восприятии мотивa смерти школьниками, особенно в том случае, когда этот мотив является одним из ведущих в литературном произведении, анализируемом на уроке литературы. Исследуется количество таких текстов в учебной программе, анализируются определенные психолого-педагогические знания, которые надо учитывать в учебном процессе. Предлагаются методические рекомендации по интерпретации мотива смерти. С одной стороны, эти рекомендации учитывают ценность и значение самого литературного текста, а с другой — возраст и другие индивидуальные характеристики учащихся характер, чувствительность, опыт/отсутствие опыта. Выводы и предложения в статье сопоставляются с результатами проведенного среди преподавателей литературы онлайн-опроса, касающегося методики интерпретации мотива смерти на уроках литературы. В статье представлены результаты проведенного опроса.
Między autotematyzmem a eksperymentem artystycznym — motyw śmierci dziecka w twórczości Mychajła Kociubynskiego i Wołodymyra Wynnyczenki
Authors: Kupidura Ryszard
Published: March 2020

Between self-reference and artistic experiment: The motif of a child’s death in the literary works of Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky and Volodymyr VynnychenkoMykhailo Kotsiubynsky and Volodymyr Vynnychenko had two opposing types of creative personalities. According to many scholars, Kotsiubynsky was a representative of the Apollonian element of Ukrainian culture, while Vynnychenko embodied the Dionysian. The author of this article focuses on the role of the motif of a child’s death in their works and argues that in the case of Kotsiubynsky, the death of a child triggers his confession, while for Vynnychenko it functions as an opportunity to conduct an artistic experiment. Між автотематизмом та художнім експериментом — мотив смерті дитини у творчості Михайла Коцюбинського та Володимира ВинниченкаМихайло Коцюбинський та Володимир Винниченко належать до двох протилежних типів творчих особистостей. За деякими дослідниками, перший презентує аполлонійське начало української культури, водночас другий — діонісійське. У статті автор простежить, яку функцію в їхній творчості виконує тема смерті дитини. У випадку Коцюбинського вона буде поштовхом до авторської сповіді, натомість для автора Чесності з собою загибель безневинного немовляти стане приводом для художніх експериментів.
Предложения неприоритетной цели в болгарском языке и их русские параллели
Authors: Ivanova Elena
Published: March 2020

Clauses of non-priority purpose in Bulgarian and their Russian parallelsThe paper deals with Bulgarian compound sentences with the conjunction kolkoto da, whose status among the classes of subordinate clausal constructions is debated in Bulgarian studies. Arguments are put forward to substantiate the existence of a special structural semantic subtype of clauses of purpose: those having a meaning of an action accomplished pro forma non-priority purpose. The semantic and syntactic peculiarities are analysed against a background of other structures with the conjunction kolkoto da, primarily in contrast to clauses of measure and degree, to which the structures in question are usually attributed. The range of Russian correspondences for such patterns is outlined. With reference to parallel corpora Bulgarian-Russian and Russian-Bulgarian, the factors are identified that influence the choice of Russian conjunctions liš′ by, tol′ko by, tol′ko čtoby, as well as of clauses of purpose with čtoby as translation correspondences of Bulgarian sentences with kolkoto da.  Изречения за неприоритетна цел в българския език и техните руски паралелиВ статията се разглеждат българските сложни съставни изречения със съюз колкото да. Предлагат се синтактични и семантични основания те да бъдат разделени в две отделни групи. Едните съобщават за формално извършващото се действие и са вариант на финалните изречения, на тях е отделено особено внимание в статията. Другата група има признаци на изречения за количество и степен. Анализирани са семантико-синтактичните свойства и на двата типа. Съставя се списък на руските съответствия, различни за двете посочени групи.Въз основа на паралелните корпуси българско-руски и руско-български се определят условията за избор на руските съюзни средства лишь бы, только бы, только чтобы, а също подчинените изречения за цел с чтобы като преводни съответствия на българските изречения с колкото да.
Роль процесса актуализации ориентализмов в формировании современного сараевского городского койне
Authors: Chmelevskij Michail
Published: March 2020

The role of the process of updating orientalisms in the formation of Sarajevo’s modern urban koinéThe article discusses the process of updating orientalisms in the contemporary spoken language and the jargon of the inhabitants of Sarajevo. The examples illustrate the fact that lexemes of Turkish origin have expanded in recent decades their semantics in the language of Bosnian Muslims and have become a hallmark of their language identity. Particular attention was paid to the most characteristic terms and those reflecting the specificity of the mentality, culture and everyday life of the Muslim part of the BIH population. The material collected in 2009–2015 during scientific expeditions comes from interviews with Sarajevo residents, from new jargon dictionaries and texts present in the media and social networks.  Uloga procesa aktualizacije orijentalizama u formisanju savremenog sarajevskog gradskog žargonaU ovom članku se razmatra aktuelni jezički proces aktualizacije orijentalizama u savremenom razgovornom jeziku stanovnika grada Sarajeva i njihovom žargonu. Pomoću navedenih primera se prikazuju činjenice kako lekseme uglavnom turskog porekla u zadnjim decenijama proširuju svoju semantiku u govoru bosanskih Muslimana i postaju svojvrsno obeležje njihovog jezičkog identiteta. Posebnu pažnju smo obratili na izraze koje najviše karakterišu i odražavaju specifičnost mentaliteta, kulture i svakodnevnog života muslimanskog dela stanovništva BiH. Građa za ovo istraživanje je sakupljena tokom naučnih ekspedicija 2009. – 2015. g. putem anketiranja govornika sarajevskog žargona te novih žargonskih rečnika, medija i socijalnih mreža.
Nazwy owoców, jagód, grzybów i warzyw w języku rosyjskim i polskim: frazeologia, metaforyka
Authors: Ananiewa Natalia
Published: March 2020

The names of fruits, berries, mushrooms and vegetables in Russian and Polish: Phraseology, metaphorsIn this article we analyzed the secondary functions of the names of fruits, berries, mushrooms and vegetables in Russian and Polish. We investigate the function of these words in phraseology and their metaphorical usage. There are common and different features in Russian and Polish in this aspect. Among the differences, the following are analyzed : 1 the usage of different names of fruits, berries, mushrooms and vegetables in these languages for example, zadat' percu in Russian and zadać bobu in Polish; 2 the usage of the hiperonim in one of these languages and usage of the hiponim in the other language for example, grzyb in Polish and smorčok in Russian — about an old and sick person; 3 the usage of the names of fruits, berries, mushrooms and vegetables in one of these languages and the absence of such words in the other language for example, Russian staryj hren and Polish stary piernik, Russian âbloku negde upastʹ and Polish nie ma gdzie szpilki wetknąć — ‘a lot of people’; 4 the differences in the meaning of the names of fruits, berries, mushrooms and vegetables in Russian and Polish for example, Russian repa ‘head’ and Polish rzepka ‘knee-cap’.  Названия фруктов, ягод, грибов и овощей в русском и польском языках: фразеология, метафорикаВ статье анализируются номинации фруктов, ягод, грибов и овощей, выступающие во вторичной функции в составе фразеологизмов и в метафорическом употреблении в русском и польском языках. Выделяется общее и различное между этими двумя языками в данной области. Среди различий рассматриваются следующие: 1 употребление в этих языках названий разных фруктов, ягод, грибов и овощей например, задать перцу в русском и zadać bobu в польском; 2 употребление в одном из языков гиперонима, а в другом гипонима например, grzyb в польском и сморчок в русском — о старом и больном человеке; 3 наличие в одном из языков названия фрукта, ягоды, гриба или овоща при отсутствии таких номинаций в другом языке например, в русском старый хрен — в польском stary piernik, в русском яблоку негде упасть — в польском nie ma gdzie szpilki wetknąć ‘о большом количестве людей, тесноте’; 4 различия в значении номинаций фруктов, ягод, грибов и овощей в русском и польском языках например, в русском репа ‘голова’ — в польском rzepka ‘коленная чашечка’.]]>
Tangential existence and comparison, with applications to single and multiple integration
Authors: Kallenberg Olav
Published: March 2020

TANGENTIAL EXISTENCE AND COMPARISON, WITH APPLICATIONS TO SINGLE AND MULTIPLE INTEGRATIONTwo semi-martingales with respect to a common filtration are said to be tangential if they have the same local characteristics. When the latter are non-random, the underlying semi-martingale is known to have independent increments. We show that every semi-martingale has a tangential process with conditionally independent increments. We also extend the Zinn–Hitchenko and related tangential comparison theorems to continuous time. Combining those results, we obtain some surprisingly general existence,convergence, and tightness criteria for broad classes of single and multiple stochastic integrals.
Two-dimensional ruin probability for subexponential claim size
Authors: Palmowski Zbigniew , Foss Sergey , Korshunov Dmitry , Rolski Tomasz
Published: March 2020

TWO-DIMENSIONAL RUIN PROBABILITY FOR SUBEXPONENTIAL CLAIM SIZEWe analyse the asymptotics of ruin probabilities of two insurance companies or two branches of the same company that divide between them both claims and premiums in some specified proportions when the initial reserves of both companies tend to infinity, and generic claim size is subexponential.
Recurrence classification for a family of non-linear storage models
Authors: Glynn Peter W. , Rai Sanatan , Glynn John E.
Published: March 2020

RECURRENCE CLASSIFICATION FOR A FAMILY OF NON-LINEAR STORAGE MODELSNecessary and sufficient conditions for positive recurrence of a discrete-time non-linear storage model with power law dynamics arederived. In addition, necessary and sufficient conditions for finiteness of p-th stationary moments are obtained for this class of models.
M-estimation of the mixed-type generalized linear model
Authors: Dong Ying , Song Lixin , Wang Mingqiu , Amin Muhammad
Published: March 2020

To investigate the features of the individual from the mixedtype model, a novel model, named the mixed-type generalized linear model, is proposed firstly in this work, which is verified to be realistic and useful. We consider the robustness of M-estimation to estimate the unknown parameters of the mixed-type generalized linear model. By applying the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem, the consistency and asymptotic normality of the M-estimation for the mixed-type generalized linear model are proved with regularity assumptions. At last, in order to evaluate the finite sample performance of the estimator for the new model, several applied instances are presented, which show the good performance of the estimator.
Sharp bounds on the expectations of linear combinations of kth records expressed in the Gini mean difference units
Authors: Kozyra Paweł Marcin , Rychlik Tomasz
Published: March 2020

We describe a method of calculating sharp lower and upper bounds on the expectations of linear combinations of kth records expressed in the Gini mean difference units of the original i.i.d. observations. In particular, we provide sharp lower and upper bounds on the expectations of kth records and their differences. We also present the families of distributions which attain the bounds in the limit.
Supermodular ordering of Poisson and binomial random vectors by tree-based correlations
Authors: Privault Nicolas , Kizildemir Bünyamin
Published: March 2020

We construct a dependence structure for binomial, Poisson and Gaussian random vectors, based on partially ordered binary trees and sums of independent random variables. Using this construction, we characterize the supermodular ordering of such random vectors via the componentwise ordering of their covariance matrices. For this, we apply Möbius inversion techniques on partially ordered trees, which allow us to connect the Lévy measures of Poisson random vectors on the discrete d-dimensional hypercube to their covariance matrices.
Admissible and minimax estimation of the parameters of the selected normal population in two-stage adaptive designs under reflected normal loss function
Authors: Mazarei Hasan , Nematollahi Nader
Published: March 2020

In clinical research, one of the key problems is to estimate the effect of the best treatment among the given k treatments in two-stage adaptive design. Suppose the effects of two treatments have normal distributions with means θ1 and θ2, respectively, and common known variance σ2. In the first stage, random samples of size n1 with means X1 and X2 are chosen from the two populations. Then the population with the larger or smaller sample mean XM is selected, and a random sample of size n2 with mean YM is chosen from this population in the second stage of design. Our aim is to estimate the mean θM or θJ of the selected population based on XM and YM in two-stage adaptive design under the reflected normal loss function. We obtain minimax estimators of θM and θJ, and then provide some sufficient conditions for the inadmissibility of estimators of θM and θJ. Theoretical results are augmented with a simulation study as well as a real data application.
The Influence of Deductive and Inductive Instruction on Adolescents’ Acquisition of English Vowels
Authors: Załóg-Kociuga Katarzyna
Published: March 2020

Difficulties in mastering the pronunciation of a foreign language arise due to numerous factors, among which the differences between the learners’ L1 and L2 seem to be significant. For Polish learners of English, these differences would include considerable disparities between the two vowel systems, which is why the subject of this study are difficult English vowels. The difficulty of vocalic sounds is judged according to Prator’s 1967 Hierarchy of Difficulty. The study aims at determining whether deductive and inductive formal types of phonetic instruction have any influence on the intelligible pronunciation of the most difficult English vowels for Polish 13-year-old learners. Two groups of students were subject to an experiment in which they were taught English pronunciation for 5 weeks: the first group deductively, the second group inductively. Their pronunciation proficiency was tested before and after the teaching sessions by recording the subjects reading a text composed of words containing the tested phonemes. The comparison of the recordings revealed that while the deductive techniques did not yield any statistically significant improvement in the pronunciation of any of the tested vowels, the inductive techniques significantly improved the learners’ pronunciation of [iː], [æ] and [ǝ] in the interconsonantal context. The conclusion to be drawn is that increased aural exposure, imitation and meaning-focused practice yield better results than providing theoretical, metalinguistic information about the sounds, comparing L1 and L2 sounds and pronunciation-focused practice, at least for young adolescent learners, who may not yet be ready to comprehend abstract phonetic notions.
Book Review: Gary Barkhuizen, Phil Benson, Alice Chik, Narrative Inquiry in Language Teaching and Learning Research, New York and London: Routledge, 2014
Authors: Czura Anna
Published: March 2020

Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, research methodology in the field of language learning and teaching has taken a narrative turn and, consequently, a growing number of empirical studies have employed narrative inquiry methods to investigate different facets of second language acquisition. Narrative inquiry in language teaching and learning research, a volume authored by Gary Barkhuizen, Phil Benson and Alice Chik, aims to provide a concise and practical introduction to different approaches to designing, implementing, analysing and reporting oral, written and multimodal narrative data in studies on second language learners and teachers. In this review I discuss the general relevance of narrative studies in the field and, after a brief summary of the six chapters, I offer a critical analysis of the book’s content.
An L2 Study on the Production and Perception of Stress Patterns in English: Second Language Acquisition of Compound Words
Authors: Hwaszcz Krzysztof
Published: March 2020

As compounding in English is a very productive process, a number of constructions emerged which can have multiple meanings. This paper aims to investigate the extent to which promiscuous compound nouns can be problematic for L2 English learners. The central questions which are addressed here are as follows: i What strategies do Polish speakers use to overcome the production and comprehension difficulties when processing English compounds? ii To what extent can Polish learners acquire the ability to produce and comprehend English compounds effectively? We compare the production and perception of stress patterns in various types of English compounds by L1 and L2 speakers of English on the basis of a reading protocol and a lexical decision experiment. One of the striking observations is that L1s are not always more accurate than L2s. This concerns stress-recognition in Adjective–Noun A–N phrases which are juxtaposed with A–N compounds. Elsewhere, natives lead in terms of stress-placement. On the other hand, the results obtained by L1s show no difference in stress-production and stress-recognition in Noun–Noun N–N attributive compounds, whereas L2s are more accurate in understanding than producing this type of compounds. A similar situation, in the case of L1s, concerns A–N opaque and N–N argument-head compounds but it is less prominent. As for L2s, A–N opaque compounds elicit relatively comparable results, but N–N argument-head compounds are responded to more accurately in the production experiment. A–N phrases, on the other hand, elicit a huge disproportion of accuracy between production and perception among L1s: although almost flawless in production, two-thirds of responses are inaccurate in perception. As for non-natives, they are more or less equally accurate in the case of A–N opaque compounds less than half correct renditions, but they adopt a strong tendency to produce and perceive fore-stress patterns across the board. Our experiments showed certain regularities in both accuracy and inaccuracy of stress placement by L2s. These regularities can be applied in methodology as to the order of teaching different types of compounds and phrases to Polish learners of English.
Using E-Interviews in Research on Second Language Teacher Education
Authors: Klimas Anna
Published: March 2020

Interviewing is a well-known method of qualitative data collection in applied linguistics research. It is widely used in diverse contexts and for a variety of purposes. Recently, the potential of e-mail interviewing, or e-interviews, has been discovered e.g. James 2007, Bamptom, Cowton and Downs 2013. Consequently, it may be considered as an alternative to traditional face-to-face interviews. The purpose of the paper is to discuss some characteristics of the e-interview as a research tool in the realm of second language teacher education. For this purpose, the article draws on a study conducted among novice EFL teachers which integrated two important aspects of L2 teacher education, namely teacher beliefs and teacher reflection. The primary goal of the research was to encourage a group of teachers to reflect on and investigate their beliefs and experiences concerning autonomy in language teaching. Exploration and analysis of one’s personal theories, in turn, are seen as indispensable elements of teachers’ professional development. The study results are used to point out some benefits as well as limitations of e-mail interviewing in terms of gathering qualitative data. Most importantly, it was observed that using e-mail to carry out the interviews provided a considerable opportunity to draw on and develop teachers’ reflective thinking skills.
Hélène Cixous’s „The Exile of James Joyce”: A Biographical Limit Case
Authors: Karpinski Eva C.
Published: March 2020

This article examines Hélène Cixous’s biographical monograph The Exile of James Joyce as a limit case of biographical praxis. Joyce’s biography is read in the context of Cixous’s own evolving personal motif of exile, revealing her autobiographical investment in becoming a writer through reading Joyce. She pushes the boundaries of the biographical genre at the intersections of autobiography, literary criticism, and biography, defying simple generic classifications and exposing the limits of conventional demarcations between the artist, the work, the biographer, and the critic. As a result, the text becomes a creative-interpretive hybrid project, where the biographical code has been displaced by focus on epistemological, psychological, and textual problems implicit in the rela­tionship between the biographer and the biographical subject. Her approach invites us to consider the following questions: How does she rewrite Joyce through her own multiple experiences of exile that she also shares with Jacques Derrida? What difference does gender make in the construction of the biographical subject as the great modernist “genius”? How does gender marginalization impact her authority as a biographer? The discussion is also framed through some larger questions concerning the aesthetic, epistemological, ethical, and political role of biography in approaching modernist literature and culture: Is biography an art or a craft? What kind of knowledge does biography generate? How far is biography a form of discursive violence and voyeurism? How can attention to affect and intimacy offer new insights into the aesthetics of the biographical genre?
Proletarian Philosophy in Selected Plays by Ola Rotimi
Authors: Adeniyi Victoria O.
Published: March 2020

The early plays of Ola Rotimi are literary works in which Rotimi places an emphasis on the position of the gods in man’s life. They are plays in which the concept of tragedy is portrayed through the eyes of noble people. They are plays in which Rotimi places an emphasis on the nobility of birth of the protagonists. His later plays, however, put an emphasis on the proletariat. This article examines the Marxist aesthetics and ideology in Ola Rotimi’s If: A Tragedy of the Ruled 1983 and Hopes of the Living Dead 1988. It reflects on Rotimi’s ideological departure into revolutionary drama in his later plays compared to such earlier plays as The Gods Are Not To Blame 1979, Kurunmi 1971 and Ovonranwem Nogbaisi 1974. The study shows that Rotimi stresses the importance of the proletariat in society as reflected in If: A Tragedy of the Ruled 1983 and Hopes of the Living Dead 1988. The paper argues that Rotimi’s acceptance of a new vision of commitment as revealed in the plays is an act of intellectual decolonisation. The paper concludes that Rotimi wrote these particular plays with the conscious aim of not only representing society as it is, but also with the aim of presenting society as it ought to be.
“You and I”: The Fragmentation of the Writing Self and the Tradition of Modernism in T.S. Eliot’s “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” and Gabriel Josipovici’s Moo Pak
Authors: Sawa Magdalena
Published: March 2020

This article undertakes as its subject the parodic relation between Gabriel Josipovici’s novel Moo Pak and T.S. Eliot’s debut and most famous poem “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.” Rewriting “Prufrock” into a new reality and a fictional mode becomes an occasion for Josipovici to question Eliot’s “Impersonal theory of poetry” and advance his own dialectical vision of the creative process as well as his Modernist aesthetics. Josipovici’s reinterpretation of Eliot’s youthful masterpiece shows both works as stories of artistic creation illustrating their authors’ critical convictions.
The Curricular Canon of Twentieth- and Twenty-First Century British and Irish Literature at Polish Universities
Authors: Drąg Wojciech
Published: March 2020

In 2007 Philip Tew and Mark Addis released Final Report: Survey on Teaching Contemporary British Fiction, whose aim was to establish the most popular authors and works as taught by academics at British universities. The purpose of this article is to present the results of a similar survey, which examines the reading lists of British and Irish literature courses offered in the Eng­lish departments of chosen Polish universities in Warsaw, Gdańsk, Toruń, Poznań, Łódź, Lublin, Wrocław, Opole and Kraków. A discussion of the results — most commonly taught writers and texts — is accompanied by an analysis based on an online survey of the lecturers’ motivations behind including certain texts and omitting others. I will argue that whereas the teaching canon of modernist texts appears fixed all the reading lists include works by James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, William Butler Yeats and T.S. Eliot, the canon of post-war and contemporary literature is yet to emerge. I shall also assert the appearance of the so called “canon lag” and review the selection criteria for the inclusion of canonical texts. The article concludes with a consideration of the texts that appear most likely to join the curricular canons at Polish universities in the near future. All the discussions are set in the context of critical contributions to the study of canonicity made by Harold Bloom, Nick Bentley, Dominic Head and others.
Fragmentation(s) and Realism(s): Has the Fragment Gone Mainstream?
Authors: Selejan Corina
Published: March 2020

This article tackles what seems to be a revival of fragmentary fiction in English in the 21st century. It briefly traces the lineage of critical interest in the fragment from German Romanticism through Bertolt Brecht and Modernism to postmodern film studies, in an attempt to highlight not only the temporal, but also the spatial and visual dimension of discontinuity evinced by recent fragmentary fiction. Six novels published between 2005 and 2017 are discussed sequentially, in a manner redolent of cinematic movement: Tom McCarthy’s Remainder 2005, Anne Enright’s The Gathering 2007, Yaa Gyasi’s Homegoing 2016, Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West 2017, Ali Smith’s Autumn 2016, and George Saunders’s Lincoln in the Bardo 2017. The formal fragmentariness of these novels is read in connection to their recurrent themes: trauma, loss, death, grief, exile, displacement, memory and violence. In the process, the opposition between fragmentariness on the one hand and realism on the other is challenged; the argument draws on William Burroughs, Tom McCarthy and Fernand Léger. Although they are fragmentary in very different ways, all of the novels under scrutiny are what one may term “mainstream” novels, most of them boasting large readerships and having either won or been shortlisted for literary prizes such as the Booker Prize, thus seemingly confirming Ted Gioia’s contention that “mainstream literary fiction is falling to pieces”.
Fraktalität in deutschen und ukrainischen informationsbetonten Text- sorten
Authors: Kijko Juri
Published: March 2020

Im vorliegenden Beitrag handelt es sich um eine kontrastive Analyse von Bauprinzipien in den deutschen und ukrainischen informationsbetonten Paralleltextsorten aus fraktaler Perspektive anhand renommierter gleichrangiger Tageszeitungen. Je nach der Textdimension lässt sich Zwei- bzw. Dreifraktalstruktur in den untersuchten Textsorten unterscheiden. Meldungen weisen α- und ω-Fraktale, Nachrichten und Berichte noch φ-Fraktal auf. Darüber hinaus stehen diese drei Textsorten in fraktaler Relation zueinander. Es dürfte also angenommen werden, dass Selbstähnlichkeit ein universales Bauprinzip in informationsbetonten Textsorten ist. Bedingt ist solch eine Baustruktur vor allem durch extralinguale Faktoren, wobei Zeit- und Platzmangel eine entscheidende Rolle spielen.Fractality in German and Ukrainian news text typesThe present paper focuses on a contrastive analysis of the structural principles in the German and Ukrainian news text types from a fractal perspective based on the material from the equivalent quality daily newspapers. Depending on the text size two- or three-fractal structures may be singled out in the news texts under study. The text type note has α- and ω-fractals, news articles and reports have additionally φ-fractal. Furthermore, these three text types are in a fractal relation to each other. It might be assumed that self-similarity is a universal building principle in news text types. Such a structure is caused especially by extralinguistic factors, where time and space play a crucial role.
Zu Intertextualitätsrelationen in den Kommentartexten der polnischen Tagespresse
Authors: Mac Agnieszka , Szwed Iwona
Published: March 2020

Der Beitrag basiert auf der Grundannahme, dass Medientexte auf jeweils andere Texte rekurrieren und dass diese Rekurse durch spezifische Intertextualitätsrelationen gekennzeichnet sind. Es wird demzufolge der Versuch unternommen, Intertextualitätssignale in den als kommentierende Beiträge eingestuften Pressetexten aus polnischen Tageszeitungen zu identifizieren und zu klassifizieren. Das Ziel ist es zu zeigen, auf welche Quellen Journalisten bei ihrer Arbeit zurückgreifen und wie sie kommuniziert werden.Intertextuality relations in commenting articles in the Polish daily pressThe starting point of the paper is the idea that media texts are based on other texts, and that this recursive reference can be characterized as a particular intertextuality relation. The attempt is being made to identify and to classify signals of intertextuality in those press texts throughout the Polish daily papers that can be categorized as commenting articles. The main objective is to demonstrate which sources journalists use and how they communicate them.