bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Express Estimation of the Physiological State of Woody Plants by Dielectric Characteristics of Tree Stem Tissues
Authors:   Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Soukhovolsky Vladislav , Voronin Viktor ,   Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Oskolkov Vladimir ,   Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Kovalev Anton ,   Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2021

Dielectric spectroscopy methods for estimating the state of trees were considered. Dielectric characteristics describe cell membranes and conductivity of plant tissues. A pulsed Fourier transform dielectric spectrometer of an original design was used to measure the values of dielectric characteristics. The spectrometer was connected to a portable computer, which was used to control and power it. The device design allows to expressly (in about 1s) receive information on the dielectric characteristics of the tree trunk tissues in the frequency range from 1 to 100 kHz and to process, visualize and save the results of measurements on a computer in the field conditions. Tree state estimates obtained with the pulsed Fourier transform dielectric spectrometer were compared with the visual tree characteristics and radial growth data. It is shown that there are differences in the values of dielectric characteristics in trees of different state categories and with different values of radial growth. Dielectric spectroscopy data, unlike subjective qualitative visual indicators of tree state, are quantitative and objective. The data can be obtained much faster and with less effort compared to estimates of tree characteristics by radial growth. The described method was used to estimate the state of Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica), Siberian fir (Abies sibirica) and Siberian spruce (Picea obovata) in forest plantations of the Baikal region. Studies were carried out both in control (undamaged) plantations and in those affected by bacterial infection. It is shown that the proposed method can be applied to the express state estimation of trees and the level of their damage.
Implementation of the Principle of Party Autonomy in Determining the Law Applicable to the Substance of Dispute in International Commercial Arbitration
Authors: NAHNYBIDA Volodymyr
Published: April 2021

The article examines the essence and significance of the principle of party autonomy in international commercial arbitration when choosing the law applicable to the substance of the dispute. Terminological issues of the content of the concepts «essence of the dispute» and «applicable law» are considered separately. It is suggested that the substance of the dispute, to which the substantive law chosen by the parties or established by the arbitral tribunal applies, should cover a wide range of issues related to the rights and obligations of the parties arising from the conclusion, interpretation, enforcement, violation, termination or invalidity of the relevant foreign trade contract. It is summarized that the implementation of the party autonomy to choose the applicable substantive law by including in the foreign trade agreement the relevant provision is based on the normative permission enshrined in the lex fori, under whose jurisdiction arbitration takes place, and has its consequences in recognizing and enforcing arbitral awards. The author points out that the arbitrators have no obligation to apply the substantive law of the state of the place of arbitration to the substance of the dispute, which corresponds to the right of the parties to determine such a right independently, without imperative binding to a particular legal system. It is concluded that the delineation of the choices of substantive law before the parties is not regulated by law, leaving these issues to the discretion of the parties and the arbitration, for the analysis of which one should turn to science, arbitration and court case law. It is also necessary to consider options for establishing the substantive law applicable to the substance of the dispute: on the basis of direct or indirect choice made by the parties, or, in the absence or defect, the impossibility of realization of such a choice, the establishment of applicable law by an arbitration tribunal according to conflict of laws it considers appropriate. This logic is enshrined in all of the national arbitration laws which are analysed and is traced in the rules of arbitration institutions. The article argues that today the parties are free to choose not only national legal systems, but also non-national legal regulators (transnational principles of law, business practices, etc.), can subject various aspects of the dispute to different legal instruments with different degrees of binding power, and also to withdraw from them altogether and agree to settle the case in accordance with the equity principles or to give the arbitrator the mandate of an «amiable compositeur».
The Concept of Guarantees of the Rights of Heirs in the Inheritance Law of Ukraine
Authors: KIRYK Alla
Published: April 2021

The sources of Roman law, which played an important role in the formation of inheritance law as a legal institution, are studied. The definition of the term «will», which was first formed by the Roman lawyer Ulpian, is considered. The origin of the word «guarantee» is studied and its interpretation in different dictionaries is considered. It is established that guarantees play a crucial role, because only with the guarantee of rights can we count on their full and comprehensive use. It has been found that the issue of guarantees of heirs’ rights is given little attention among scholars. The opinions of scientists on the interpretation of the term guarantee of human rights and freedoms are analyzed, as well as approaches to understanding the nature of guarantees are identified. Researchers have found that there are different positions on the definition of «guarantee of rights». Based on the analyzed views of scientists, the main features of guarantees of human rights and freedoms are formed, which include: the state nature of guarantees; regulatory and legal consolidation of guarantees; universal and continuous nature of guarantees; is an indicator of the level of development of the national legal system; designed to protect and defend human and civil rights. The analysis of specific guarantees of the rights of relatives of the testator contained in the legislation of Ukraine is carried out. The most problematic provisions in inheritance law have been identified that affect the guarantee of the rights of heirs, including: provisions on the powers and organization of notaries; provisions on secret wills; provisions on the timing of acceptance of the inheritance. Based on the analysis of guarantees of the rights of heirs in the inheritance law of Ukraine, the main features of such guarantees are highlighted. The approaches to the separation of the category «guarantees of the rights of heirs» are generalized and the definition of such guarantees in a broad and narrow sense is given.
Arrendamentos e Condições de Cidadania em um Assentamento com Finalidade de Reforma Agrária no Agreste de Pernambuco
Authors: Aquino Neto Manoel Ferreira de , Cardoso Fernando Da Silva
Published: April 2021

O presente estudo problematiza condições de cidadania em assentamentos com finalidade de Reforma Agrária e as possíveis relações com o fenômeno do arrendamento de terra, a partir de um estudo de caso no Agreste de Pernambuco. De abordagem qualitativa, instrumentalizado a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica e descritiva, a coleta de dados se deu através de entrevista em profundidade, tendo sido os dados lidos à luz análise de conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa, a partir da entrevista realizada, dialogam com um cenário mais amplo e marcado por negligências estatais, violências contra membros de movimentos de luta por terra e pela precariedade do processo de Reforma Agrária brasileiro. Destaca-se, a partir da narrativa, que o modo pelo qual o Estado tem gerenciado a questão agraria – marcada pelo pouco interesse neste processo – demarca as condições de cidadania nas quais os sujeitos assentados se encontram. Ainda se observou que as vulnerabilidades sociais vivenciadas podem contribuir com o fenômeno dos arrendamentos. No universo da pesquisa, o Assentamento Normandia, em direção oposta à existência de arrendamentos, há o desenvolvimento do assentamento a partir da agroindústria e da agricultura familiar.
The Development Of Method Al-Fiqh In Uzbekistan
Authors:   2nd Year PhD Student, Department Of “Islamic History And Source Studies IRCICA”, International Islamic Academy Of Uzbekistan, Nishanova Dildora Komiljanovna
Published: April 2021

This article discusses the development of the science of usul al-fiqh in Uzbekistan. There is also information about the science of jurisprudence, the formation of the term “jurisprudence”, the object of Usul al-fiqh, the first schools of jurisprudence, the right to ijtihad, jurisprudential schools, the Movarounnahr school of jurisprudence.
Synthesis Of High Silicon Zeolites From Kaolin And Bentonite
Authors:   Doctor Of Technical Sciences, Professor Samarkand State University, Uzbekistan, Ibodullaevich Fayzullaev Normurot , Ilkhomidinovich Mamadoliev Ikromjon ,   Assistant, The Department Of Medical Chemistry, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan
Published: April 2021

In this paper problems of chemical and physical activation of local raw materials caoline and bentonite, and textural characteristics of high silicon zeolites and surface morphology were studied. The effect of the activation method of caoline and bentonite on the colloidal and sorption capacity was also studied. During the studies, the heat of wetting, adsorption linked water content and effective relative surface area were determined. Calculated distribution of pores by cycles (loops) of isothermal hysteresis r ≈ 8.5 nm. The volume of porosity of the sorbent when the capillaries were filled with water was determined as Vn= 0.135 cm3/g.
Research Of Physical And Mechanical Indicators Of Jensie And Knitted Fabrics Recommended For Children's Combined Outerwear
Authors:   Professor, Department Of Construction Of Light Industrial Products And Technology Namangan Institute Of Engineering And Technology, Namangan, Uzbekistan, Samatovich Ergashev Jamoliddin , Abdurashid Qizi Nazarova Matluba ,   Assistant, Department Of Construction Of Light Industrial Products And Technology Namangan Institute Of Engineering And Technology, Namangan, Uzbekistan, Kodirjon Kizi Abduraufova Saodatjon ,   Master, Department Of Construction Of Light Industrial Products And Technology Namangan Institute Of Engineering And Technology, Namangan, Uzbekistan
Published: April 2021

The article examines and analyzes the physical and mechanical properties of different proportions of jeans and knitted fabrics recommended for children's combined outerwear. It also offers the most alternative fabric patterns for children's outerwear.
Issues Of Employee Motivation In The System Of Market Relations
Authors:   Mubarak Gas Processing Plant, Head Of Labor Relations Department, Uzbekistan, Usmonovich Tilakov Ismoiljon
Published: April 2021

This article discusses the issues of employee motivation in the system of market relations. Employee incentives seem like a simple task from the outside, but it has its own complexities that can lead to a number of imbalances for the employer
Study Of The Chemical Composition Of The Liquid Extract "Extradent"
Authors:   Assistant, Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute, Uzbekistan, Yuldasheva Shokhida Saitovna , Yunuskhodjaeva Nodira Abdulxamitovna ,   Doctor Of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DSc), Associate Professor, Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute, Uzbekistan, Shavkat Ugli Shakhriddin ,   Junior Researcher, Institute Of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy Of Sciences Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan, Matchanov Alimjon Davlatboevich ,   Doctor Of Chemical Sciences (DSc), Leading Researcher, Institute Of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy Of Sciences Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan
Published: April 2021

The quantitative content of flavonoids of the aerial part of the plant was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method, the quantitative content of vital macro-and microelements in the various vegetative organs of the plant was determined.
Damage To Eyes, Orbit And Visual Nerve , Combined With Cranial Injury In Emergency Medicine
Authors:   Fergana Branch Republican Center Emergency Medical Assistance, Uzbekistan, Turaeva Yorkinoy , Urinboev Bakhtiyor ,   Fergana Branch Republican Center Emergency Medical Assistance, Uzbekistan, Sobirov Nurillo ,   Fergana Branch Republican Center Emergency Medical Assistance, Uzbekistan
Published: April 2021

The features of the clinical course, symptoms and the difficulty of diagnosing traumatic injuries of the eye, orbit and optic nerve are described. A total of 952 patients with concomitant craniocerebral injuries and injuries to the eye, orbit, optic nerve were studied in 2018. The possibilities of computer tomography in the diagnosis of traumatic injuries of the visual tract combined with traumatic brain injury and differential diagnosis of intracranial injuries of the visual tract before the hospital and hospital stages were studied. In the structure of craniocerebral trauma, craniofacial accounted for 187 (19.6%), of which 118 (6%) eye injuries, 20 (10.6%) orbit injuries, 4 (2.1%) optic nerve injuries, 19 (10 %) of patients were diagnosed with a fracture of the walls of the orbit. In 5 (2.6%) patients, an isolated fracture of the lower orbital wall was revealed. Total: 158 men (84.4%), 29 women (15.5%). The patients underwent examination, including examination by a multidisciplinary team (neurosurgeon, maxillofacial surgeon, ENT and ophthalmologist). Anamnesis was studied in all patients, a comprehensive ophthalmological examination was performed: visometry (with optimal correction), refractometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy and neuro-ophthalmological examination. All patients underwent radiography of the orbits and skull in frontal and lateral projections, CT, MRI of the brain and orbits. To obtain additional information, 24 (12.8%) patients underwent a two-dimensional ultrasound examination - ultrasound - B SCAN of the eyeball, extraocular muscles and retrobulbar space. Timely topical diagnostics and qualified reconstructive surgeries performed in the early period of craniofacial trauma allows achieving regression of oculomotor disorders in 86.6%, prevents severe consequences and preserves the patient's vision.
PEMANFAATAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR (POC) KULIT PISANG KEPOK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN SAWI HIJAU (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis L.)
Authors: Nurcholis Jati , Vira Andi , Buhaerah Buhaerah , Syaifuddin Syaifuddin
Published: April 2021

Penelitiian ini bertujuan untuk

Tujuan:

1.     Untuk mengetahui dosis terbaik pupuk organik cair limbah kulit pisang kepok yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi Sawi Hijau (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis L.)

2.     Untuk mengetahui perubahan pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan petani terhadap pupuk organik cair limbah kulit pisang kepok terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis L.)

 

 

Rancangan Penyuluhan

1.  Materi       : Pupuk Organik Cair Kulit Pisang Kepok.

2.  Media        : Folder, LCD, Benda sesungguhnya.

3.  Metode     : Ceramah, Diskusi dan Demonstrasi cara

4.  Sasaran    : Kelompok Tani

Evaluasi

Rumusan Masalah:

1.    Bagaimana pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis L.) terhadap pemberian pupuk organik cair kulit pisang kepok?

2.    Bagaimana perubahan pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan petani terhadap pemberian pupuk organik cair (POC) kulit pisang kepok pada pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis L.) ?

 

1.      

 

 

Kajiwidya

 mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk organik cair kulit pisang kepok terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman sawi hijau (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis L)

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Politeknik Pembangunan Pertanian (Polbangtan) Gowa, Kelurahan Romang Lompoa Kecamatan Bontomarannu Kabupaten Gowa pada Maret  sampai Mei  2020. Kajiwidya dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 4 perlakuan, yaitu D0 : Kontrol (Tanpa Perlakuan) D1 : Pemberian POC Kulit Pisang Kepok 100 mL/liter air, D2 : Pemberian POC Kulit Pisang Kepok 200 mL/liter air, D3 : Pemberian POC Kulit Pisang Kepok 300 mL/liter air dan di lakukan 3 kali ulangan sehingga terdapat 12 plot perlakuan. Parameter yang di amati yaitu tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan berat panen.

Pemberian pupuk organik cair kulit pisang kepok terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman sawi hijau dengan perlakuan D3 300 mL/liter air  memberikan hasil terbaik pada tinggi tanaman yaitu 45,3 cm, jumlah daun yaitu 12 helai  dan berat panen yaitu 138 g.
Representation as repression: A First Peoples context
Authors: Thomas Roie
Published: April 2021

Visual images of a marginalised minority group from southern Africa are analysed against a series of colonialist representations to demonstrate tangible evidence of the role of representation in both disenfranchisement and an increasing autonomy in the case of the San, who are The First Peoples of the Kalahari, commonly known outside Africa as ‘Bushmen’ and in the dominant language of Botswana as Basarwa. This particular group is represented by government and its corporate affiliates as primordial for tourist consumption, yet systemically denied their language, ethnicity and ancestral land. Analysis is supported by critical tourism literature, showing the attitudes, power dynamics and practices evident in the produced imagery. An overview of the theoretical enframing and methodology is followed by analysis of a range of visual representations of the San. Analysis herein is based on a blend of application of post-colonial theory and post-tourism critique, along with some concepts from semiotics. Most of these visual and linguistic materials have been produced by government and industry for tourist consumption, while others include my own photography and ostensibly impartial museum exhibits.
So You Think This Baby Has Appendicitis? The Subtle Clues and Deceptive Signs
Authors: Redpath Yvette , Thanasingh Rajesh , Ponmani Caroline
Published: April 2021

Diagnosing appendicitis in infants is challenging due to varied and heterogenous presentations. Whilst the condition is uncommon, the consequences of missing this in a busy Emergency Department (ED) can be catastrophic. We report an 8-month-old infant who presented to ED with a brief history of reduced feeding, lethargy and vomiting with normal observations. Excessive crying was noted when the child was supine, he was consolable when placed prone. Due to these paroxysms of crying which varied with position, investigations were commenced. He had a good clinical outcome. A high degree of suspicion is needed in preverbal children. Clinical examination, observation of the behaviour of the child and parental concern remain key to diagnosis. Through this paper we aim to explore the clinical conundrum of making the diagnosis in this age group and the modalities which help in decision making.
POLICIES AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION IN INDIA: AN ASSESSMENT BEFORE AND DURING COVID-19 LOCKDOWN
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Dept. of English  Indira Gandhi University  Meerpur, Rewari, Haryana, INDIA, Singh Bijender
Published: April 2021

To prevent the Covid-19 effect, governments across world have imposed lockdown besides the other preventive measures. Undoubtedly, lockdown has affected the world adversely in terms of economy and human resources. But, India being a country of diversity where people of different caste, class, race, and ethnicity live is affected greater than other countries. Due to diverse socio-economic structures, living standard of Indian is unequal. This inequality forces underprivileged sections to migrate for livelihood and better opportunities to other places. The lockdown in India which was with a purpose to prevent community spread of Covid-19 resulted in the greatest exodus of migrant labour and their hunger, disease and death on the roadside. Owing to the socio-economic structure and also Covid-19, Indian govt. has been launching various welfare schemes to cope up the situation and uplift the marginalised sections. But the exodus and its results during Covid-19 pandemic not only expose the reality but also raise some questions as to why exodus occurred only in India. Why did numerous die during the reverse migration? What schemes and programme did government launch? And most importantly, how these schemes are implemented before and during lockdown? What is the attitude of mainstream society and state agencies towards these marginalised groups in terms of schemes and their implementation? To map this, before and during lockdown, scrutinizing some autobiographical narrative and incidents, this paper attempts to explore the schemes/programmes and their implementation. The exploration proves that there is a crystal clear biasness in policy formulation and their implementation. Consequently, study may help the governments and civic society in near future in formulation such programmes and their result-oriented execution.
Vaccines: past, present and future
Authors: BERDEU Ion , SPATARU Diana , PARASCHIV Angela
Published: April 2021

Introduction.  Vaccination is now entering the third century of its practice and it is the most important medical intervention that has ever been implemented. Due to vaccines, the incidence of infectious diseases, which have killed hundreds of millions throughout the history has been dramatically reduced and made a substantial contribution to life expectancy. Recently, new technologies have emerged in the development of vaccines that are being implemented in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. The successful immunoprophylaxis and the better understanding of the immune response mechanisms suggest that vaccination would also help in curing cancer and chronic diseases in the nearest future.

Material and methods. There were analyzed 43 scientific articles on both vaccination and its future potential. 

Results. On 8 May 1980, the World Health Organization certified that smallpox had been eradicated globally. For the first time in history, the humankind defeated a disease. It was certainly the greatest medical achievement of the twentieth century. Recently, however, new technologies have emerged in the development of vaccines, based on mRNA, viral vectors and other technologies.

Conclusions. Vaccines are the most important medical achievement ever made with a great impact in eradicating and controlling emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.
Epidemiologicаl peculiаrities of hepatitis B virus infection in Hemodiаlysis pаtients from the Republic of Moldovа
Authors: JOSАNU Cristinа
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Hemodiаlysis pаtients аre аt higher risk of trаnsmitting virаl infections, including hepаtitis B virus (HBV) infection, due to the frequent need for blood trаnsfusions аnd the potential exposure to contаminаted diаlysis equipment.

Mаteriаl аnd methods. The study was conducted on a risk group of 121 hemodiаlysis pаtients, аged between 18 аnd 70 yeаrs, the meаn аge being 48.1±13.1 yeаrs.

Results. The prevalence of the serological mаrker of hepаtitis B virus (HBsАg) accounted for 7.4±2.4% (n=9) of cases and no аnti-HBs mаrker wаs detected in 47.7±5.3% of the hemodiаlysis pаtients investigаted. Mаles were positive for the HBsАg mаrker in 8.7±3.4% (n=6) of cases, whereas most patients being from the Central Аreа (13.8±6.5%).

Conclusion. The serological prevalence of the hepatitis B virus infections markers, аs well аs the аssessment of the immune response in people undergoing hemodiаlysis treаtment might outline the bаsic monitoring and control tools in the development of specific аntiepidemic meаsures against this infection.
Epidemiological situation regarding the new type of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) among healthcare workers in the Republic of Moldova
Authors: DASCALOV Alexandr
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The emergence of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a rapid spread of the novel infection (COVID-19) worldwide. Since February 1, 2021, to date, more than 103,989,900 cases and more than 2 million deaths have been reported globally. The infection incidence and death rate among medical staff worldwide, as well as in the Republic of Moldova continues to be very high, whereas the preventive measures to prevent infections among medical staff remains imperative.

Material and methods. Data on morbidity, incidence, prevalence and mortality of COVID-19 were analyzed and evaluated among healthcare workers, based on the selection of data from the digital information-epidemiological surveillance system of COVID-19 infection with SARS CoV-2 virus. The epidemiological methods (retrospective, prospective) recommended by WHO, CDC, ECDC were used.

Results. Until 01.02.2021, the Republic of Moldova registered 153,371 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers, of which 4,103 were doctors, 6,406 were nurses, 4,435 were auxiliary staff, and over 70 employees of medical institutions died.

Conclusions. The share of infection cases among medical staff accounts for 9.45% out of the total number of infections and about 39.08% of infections were registered in Chisinau. Most cases were registered among nurses (41.7%), whereas female health workers are more frequently affected (80.4%), the ratio of female to male being of 4:1.
MORTGAGE INSURANCE: PROBLEMS AND METHODS OF SOLUTION
Authors: Dendiberya M. Y.
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the key problems of the organization of mortgage insurance, implemented as a cross-product in the implementation of the bank product of a mortgage loan. The methods of solution for the problems that arise in the mortgage insurance market are proposed
THE EXAMINATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF NEURAL NETWORK
PARAMETERS ON THE QUALITY OF SIMPLE IMAGE RECOGNITION
Authors: Bachina E. N. , Zhiltsov A. V. , Eshenko R. A.
Published: April 2021

The article considers and analyzes the main parameters of artificial neural networks with a small number of neurons and hidden layers, then selects the optimal values of these parameters for recognizing simple images. Graphs are constructed in accordance with the results of parameter studies
THE EAST ASIAN WORLD BETWEEN THE TRENDS OF MODERNIZATION AND CULTURAL UNIQUENESS
Authors: Smolyakov V. A.
Published: April 2021

The article considers the problem of the correlation to the universality of the East Asian world with the global trends leveling the differences on the example of the political development of the East Asian countries and the processes of economic integration
DIFFERENTIATION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR BRIBERY AND
COMMERCIAL PAYMENT
Authors: Antonova E. Y.
Published: April 2021

The article examines the differentiation of criminal liability for bribery and commercial payment. The au-thor comes to the conclusion that the size of a bribery and commercial payment should not be the main criterion for assessing the degree of public danger of bribery
MODIFICATION AND TERMINATION OF THE COMMERCIAL LEASE
AGREEMENT FOR RESIDENTIAL PREMISES
Authors: Kornilova N. V.
Published: April 2021

The author examines the grounds and procedure for changing and terminating the commercial lease agreement for residential premises. The article describes in detail the individual grounds for termination of the commercial lease agreement for residential
FORMALISM IN BRINGING TO ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY FOR
DRIVING A VEHICLE WITHOUT STATE LICENSE PLATES
Authors: Glukhov E. A.
Published: April 2021

The article considers the possibility of bringing to administrative responsibility for driving a car without license plates after buying it in a car dealership. The article analyzes the norms of the legislation on the registration of vehicles and the subjects of this activity, as well as the permissible time limits for such actions.
SPECIAL ASPECTS OF THE QUALIFICATION OF
MEDIATION IN BRIBERY AND COMMERCIAL PAYMENT WITH THE USE OF MODERN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Tkachenko D. G.
Published: April 2021

Cryptocurrency is a decentralized currency, which is characterized by independence from a shared transaction processing center. Currently, there is no concept of cryptocurrency in the legislation. At the same time, having the properties of a financial instrument for payments, cryptocurrency can be used as a tool of bribery
INTRODUCTION AND USE OF TECHNICAL MEANS TO ENSURE THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TRAINING PROCESS IN BASKETBALL
Authors: Rodionova A. G. , Yavorskaya E. E.
Published: April 2021

The article presents the theoretical and practical basis for the development of balance of students-basketball players, defines the features of balance training for students.
THE USE OF MODERN FITNESS PROGRAMS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF STUDENTS AT KHABAROVSK STATE UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND LAW
Authors: Lytov A. I. , Levitskaya S. V.
Published: April 2021

In order to achieve good health promotion, to develop physical, psychological and professional qualities of university students in the framework of the educational process in physical education, it is proposed to create a new approach to the physical education classes, based on the idea of modernizing the educational process using new directions of modern fitness programs in the field of physical training
INFLUENCE OF GOVERNMENT CREDIT RISK ON PPP PROJECTS IN OPERATION STAGE
Authors: Zhou Yining , Liu Jicai
Published: April 2021

In PPP projects, insufficient risk management may lead to the breakdown of partnerships and even project failures. Among them, the government credit risk is regarded as unbearable risk and a key risk affecting PPP projects because of its high frequency and impact. Therefore, based on the contractual relationship between both sides, a principal-agent model for the optimal choice of investors and the government under the government default probability is constructed. This paper explored the quantity relationship of the government credit risk and the project utility through analysing the effect of government default probability perceived by both parties on the investor’s optimal effort level and government allocation ratio. The results demonstrate that the government credit risk will decrease the effort level of investors and have a negative impact on the utility of the project. Furthermore, the government’s modification of the contract allocation ratio based on its own credit rating can offset the negative impact of its credit risk on the effectiveness of the project. But this regulatory effect is limited. The findings effectively provide some insights and theoretical basis for solving the negative effects of government credit risk.
Resolving the Radio Emission from the Quasar P172+18 at z = 6.82
Authors: Momjian Emmanuel , Bañados Eduardo , Carilli Christopher L. , Walter Fabian , Mazzucchelli Chiara
Published: April 2021

We present high angular resolution imaging of the quasar PSO J172.3556+18.7734 at z = 6.82 with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). This source currently holds the record of being the highest redshift radio-loud quasar. These observations reveal a dominant radio source with a flux density of 398.4 ± 61.4 μJy at 1.53 GHz, a deconvolved size of 9.9 × 3.5 mas (52.5 × 18.6 pc), and an intrinsic brightness temperature of (4.7 ± 0.7) × 107 K. A weak unresolved radio extension from the main source is also detected at the ∼3.1σ level. The total flux density recovered with the VLBA at 1.53 GHz is consistent with that measured with the Very Large Array (VLA) at a similar frequency. The quasar is not detected at 4.67 GHz with the VLBA, suggesting a steep spectral index with a limit of

1.55. The quasar is also not detected with the VLBA at 7.67 GHz. The overall characteristics of the quasar suggest that it is a very young radio source similar to lower redshift gigahertz peaked spectrum radio sources, with an estimated kinematic age of ∼103 yr. The VLA observations of this quasar revealed a second radio source in the field 23.″1 away. This radio source, which does not have an optical or IR counterpart, is not detected with the VLBA at any of the observed frequencies. Its nondetection at the lowest observed VLBA frequency suggests that it is resolved out, implying a size larger than ∼0.″17. It is thus likely situated at lower redshift than the quasar.
A Pluto–Charon Concerto. II. Formation of a Circumbinary Disk of Debris after the Giant Impact
Authors: Kenyon Scott J. , Bromley Benjamin C.
Published: April 2021

Using a suite of numerical calculations, we consider the long-term evolution of circumbinary debris from the Pluto–Charon giant impact. Initially, these solids have large eccentricity and pericenters near Charon’s orbit. On timescales of 100–1000 yr, dynamical interactions with Pluto and Charon lead to the ejection of most solids from the system. As the dynamics moves particles away from the barycenter, collisional damping reduces the orbital eccentricity of many particles. These solids populate a circumbinary disk in the Pluto–Charon orbital plane; a large fraction of this material lies within a “satellite zone” that encompasses the orbits of Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra. Compared to the narrow rings generated from the debris of a collision between a trans-Neptunian object and Charon, disks produced after the giant impact are much more extended and may be a less promising option for producing small circumbinary satellites.
Cloud Parameterizations and their Effect on Retrievals of Exoplanet Reflection Spectroscopy
Authors: Mukherjee Sagnick , Batalha Natasha E. , Marley Mark S.
Published: April 2021

Future space-based direct imaging missions will perform low-resolution (R < 100) optical (0.3–1 μm) spectroscopy of planets, thus enabling reflected spectroscopy of cool giants. Reflected light spectroscopy is encoded with rich information about the scattering and absorbing properties of planet atmospheres. Given the diversity of clouds and hazes expected in exoplanets, it is imperative that we solidify the methodology to accurately and precisely retrieve these scattering and absorbing properties that are agnostic to cloud species. In particular, we focus on determining how different cloud parameterizations affect resultant inferences of both cloud and atmospheric composition. We simulate mock observations of the reflected spectra from three top-priority direct imaging cool giant targets with different effective temperatures, ranging from 135 to 533 K. We perform retrievals of cloud structure and molecular abundances on these three planets using four different parameterizations, each with an increasing level of cloud complexity. We find that the retrieved atmospheric and scattering properties depend strongly on the choice of cloud parameterization. For example, parameterizations that are too simplistic tend to overestimate the abundances. Overall, we are unable to retrieve precise/accurate gravity beyond ±50%. Lastly, we find that even reflected light spectroscopy with a low signal-to-noise ratio of 5 and low R = 40 gives cursory zeroth-order insights into the position of the cloud deck relative to the molecular and Rayleigh optical depth level.
Revealing a Centrally Condensed Structure in OMC-3/MMS 3 with ALMA High-resolution Observations
Authors: Morii Kaho , Takahashi Satoko , Machida Masahiro N.
Published: April 2021

Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), we investigated the peculiar millimeter source MMS 3 located in the Orion Molecular Cloud 3 (OMC-3) region in the 1.3 mm continuum, CO (J = 2–1), SiO (J = 5–4), C18O (J = 2–1), N2D+ (J = 3–2), and DCN (J = 3–2) emissions. With the ALMA high angular resolution (∼0.″2), we detected a very compact and highly centrally condensed continuum emission with a size of 0.″45 × 0.″32 (P.A. = 0.°22). The peak position coincides with the locations of previously reported Spitzer/IRAC and X-ray sources within their positional uncertainties. We also detected an envelope with a diameter of ∼6800 au (P.A. = 75°) in the C18O (J = 2–1) emission. Moreover, a bipolar outflow was detected in the CO (J = 2–1) emission for the first time. The outflow is elongated roughly perpendicular to the long axis of the envelope detected in the C18O (J = 2–1) emission. Compact high-velocity CO gas in the (redshifted) velocity range of 22–30 km s−1, presumably tracing a jet, was detected near the 1.3 mm continuum peak. A compact and faint redshifted SiO emission was marginally detected in the CO outflow lobe. The physical quantities of the outflow in MMS 3 are somewhat smaller than those in other sources in the OMC-3 region. The centrally condensed object associated with the near-infrared and X-ray sources, the flattened envelope, and the faint outflow indicate that MMS 3 harbors a low-mass protostar with an age of ∼103 yr.
An Analysis Pipeline for CHIME/FRB Full-array Baseband Data
Authors: Michilli D. , Masui K. W. , Mckinven R. , Cubranic D. , Bruneault M. , Brar C. , Patel C. , Boyle P. J. , Stairs I. H. , Renard A. , Bandura K. , Berger S. , Breitman D. , Cassanelli T. , Dobbs M. , Kaspi V. M. , Leung C. , Mena-Parra J. , Pleunis Z. , Russell L. , Scholz P. , Siegel S. R. , Tendulkar S. P. , Vanderlinde K.
Published: April 2021

The Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) has become a leading facility for detecting fast radio bursts (FRBs) through the CHIME/FRB backend. CHIME/FRB searches for fast transients in polarization-summed intensity data streams that have 24 kHz spectral and 1 ms temporal resolution. The intensity beams are pointed to predetermined locations in the sky. A triggered baseband system records the coherent electric field measured by each antenna in the CHIME array at the time of FRB detections. Here we describe the analysis techniques and automated pipeline developed to process these full-array baseband data recordings. Whereas the real-time FRB detection pipeline has a localization limit of several arcminutes, offline analysis of baseband data yields source localizations with subarcminute precision, as characterized by using a sample of pulsars and one repeating FRB with known positions. The baseband pipeline also enables resolving temporal substructure on a microsecond scale and the study of polarization including detections of Faraday rotation.
Probing Elastic Quark Phases in Hybrid Stars with Radius Measurements
Authors: Pereira Jonas P. , Bejger Michał , Tonetto Lucas , Lugones Germán , Haensel Paweł , Zdunik Julian Leszek , Sieniawska Magdalena
Published: April 2021

The internal composition of neutron stars is currently largely unknown. Due to the possibility of phase transitions in quantum chromodynamics, stars could be hybrid and have quark cores. We investigate some imprints of elastic quark phases (only when perturbed) on the dynamical stability of hybrid stars. We show that they increase the dynamical stability window of hybrid stars in the sense that the onset of instabilities happens at larger central densities than the ones for maximum masses. In particular, when the shear modulus of a crystalline quark phase is taken at face value, the relative radius differences between elastic and perfect-fluid hybrid stars with null radial frequencies (onset of instability) would be up to 1%–2%. Roughly, this would imply a maximum relative radius dispersion (on top of the perfect-fluid predictions) of 2%–4% for stars in a given mass range exclusively due to the elasticity of the quark phase. In the more agnostic approach where the estimates for the quark shear modulus only suggest its possible order of magnitude (due to the many approximations taken in its calculation), the relative radius dispersion uniquely due to a quark phase elasticity might be as large as 5%–10%. Finally, we discuss possible implications of the above dispersion of radii for the constraint of the elasticity of a quark phase with electromagnetic missions such as NICER, eXTP, and ATHENA.
Upper Limit on Brackett-γ Emission from the Immediate Accretion Flow onto the Galactic Black Hole
Authors: Ciurlo Anna , Morris Mark R. , Campbell Randall D. , Ghez Andrea M. , Do Tuan , Chu Devin S.
Published: April 2021

We present the first observational constraint on the Brackett-γ (Brγ) recombination line emission associated with the supermassive black hole at the center of our Galaxy, known as Sgr A*. By combining 13 yr of data with the adaptive optics fed integral field spectrograph OSIRIS at the W. M. Keck Observatory obtained as part of the Galactic Center Orbits Initiative, we extract the near-infrared spectrum within ∼0.2″ of the black hole and we derive an upper limit on the Brγ flux. The aperture was set to match the size of the disk-like structure that was recently reported based on millimeter-wave Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the hydrogen recombination line, H30α. Our stringent upper limit is at least a factor of 80 (and up to a factor of 245) below what would be expected from the ALMA measurements and strongly constrains possible interpretation of emission from this highly underluminous supermassive black hole.
Analyzing Supergranular Power Spectra Using Helioseismic Normal-mode Coupling
Authors: Hanson Chris S. , Hanasoge Shravan , Sreenivasan Katepalli R.
Published: April 2021

Normal-mode coupling is a technique applied to probe the solar interior using surface observations of oscillations. The technique, which is straightforward to implement, makes more use of the seismic information in the wave field than other comparable local imaging techniques and therefore has the potential to significantly improve current capabilities. Here, we examine supergranulation power spectra using mode-coupling analyses of intermediate-to-high-degree modes by invoking a Cartesian-geometric description of wave propagation under the assumption that the localized patches are much smaller in size than the solar radius. We extract the supergranular power spectrum and compare the results with prior helioseismic studies. Measurements of the dispersion relation and lifetimes of supergranulation, obtained using near surface modes (f and p
1), are in accord with the literature. We show that the cross-coupling between the p
2 and p
3 acoustic modes, which are capable of probing greater depths, are also sensitive to supergranulation.
Temporal stability in the otolith Sr:Ca ratio of the yellow croaker, Larimichthys polyactis (Actinopterygii, Perciformes, Sciaenidae), from the southern Yellow Sea
Authors: Xiong Ying , Yang Jian , Jiang Tao , Liu Hongbo , Zhong Xiaming
Published: April 2021

Otolith chemical signatures are sufficiently stable across time to allow for accurate stock classification. The classification of the southern Yellow Sea population for Larimichthys polyactis (Bleeker, 1877) and its connectivity with others from 1962 is controversial. The study aimed to study the inter-annual variation in otolith strontium:calcium (Sr:Ca) ratios of L. polyactis to determine whether otolith natural tags are representative over long periods and can then be used for population structure classification. Spawning L. polyactis individuals were captured by stow nets in the same site of the southern Yellow Sea coastal waters during April–May in 2003, 2012, and 2013. EPMA (electron probe microanalysis) was used to determine the Sr:Ca ratios of a total of 25 otolith samples. Mann–Whitney U-test was used to test the differences of otolith Sr:Ca ratios from the core to edge for each otolith. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare the mean otolith Sr:Ca values among 2003, 2012, and 2013. Otoliths from 2003, 2012, and 2013 showed similar patterns of Sr:Ca ratios and Sr:Ca ratios could be divided into higher and lower phases in the core and remaining regions, respectively. Inter-annual significant differences for each high or low Sr:Ca phase of otoliths were not observed over short- (between 2012 and 2013) or long-time (between 2003 and 2012, and between 2003 and 2013) scales. Univariate contrasts across the adjacent year and decade classes were statistically similar. The Sr:Ca ratio signatures in the otolith were relatively stable across years and can be used as a reliable natural tag for connectivity assessments and stock identification with little or no genetic differentiation among L. polyactis populations. The short- and long-term temporal stability of otolith Sr:Ca ratios also revealed, the existence of stable L. polyactis stocks in the southern Yellow Sea, consistent with a previous finding of capture survey.
Distributional range extension of a rare scorpionfish, Hipposcorpaena filamentosa (Actinopterygii, Scorpaeniformes, Scorpaenidae)
Authors: Wibowo Kunto , Motomura Hiroyuki
Published: April 2021

The distributional range of Hipposcorpaena filamentosa Fowler, 1938, previously recorded only from the Philippines, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea is extended to include South Africa and Australia, on the basis of two specimens (17.2–29.5 mm standard length) which are described in detail. In addition, the first underwater photograph of H. filamentosa, taken at Kashiwa-jima Island, Kochi, Japan, is included. The species is apparently widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific.
Scirpus radicans (Cyperaceae), a newly-discovered native species in Lithuania: population, habitats and threats
Authors: Gudžinskas Zigmantas , Taura Laurynas
Published: April 2021

A previously unrecorded native species, Scirpus radicans (Cyperaceae), was discovered in the southern part of Lithuania in 2020. Although this species has a large distribution area in other parts of Eurasia, it is currently recognised as threatened in many European countries. Recordings of S. radicans in Lithuania had been expected, as these plants do occur or have been reported to occur in neighbouring regions. The aim of this study was to analyse the distribution of S. radicans in southern Lithuania, to determine the occupied areas and the size of populations, to study their capacity of vegetative reproduction, their habitats and associated plant communities, as well as to perform an assessment of the species' conservation status within the country. We studied S. radicans populations at two sites on the shores of Lake Pabezninkai and of Lake Netečius in the Varėna District (southern Lithuania), from August to October 2020. A total of 993 individuals of S. radicans were counted and their stands comprised 0.73 ha. The density of individuals in the studied plots ranged from 0.02 to 0.78 plants/m2. Only 0.5% of individuals at Lake Pabezninkai and 20.7% of individuals at Lake Netečius were at the stage of generative reproduction. Individuals at the stage of vegetative reproduction comprised 56.4%, whereas generative individuals amounted to 1.7% of all studied plants. One to seven stolons developed per plant and the mean number of rosettes per stolon was 2.8 ± 1.2. Potentially, a total of ca. 2860 rosettes could be expected from all individuals of the studied plots, but the actual realised rate of vegetative reproduction is unknown. A more detailed study of the reproductive capacities of S. radicans would be required for better understanding the causes of the lately observed decrease of this species in most of the countries of Central Europe. Our analysis of the associated plant communities has enabled us to confirm the presence of a Scirpetus radicantis Nowiński 1930 association previously not recorded in Lithuania. By assessing S. radicans in accordance with the IUCN Criteria, we conclude that this species should be classified as endangered (EN) in Lithuania. Based on this assessment, we propose to include this species on the list of legally protected species of Lithuania. Conservation of shallow lakes with sandy or muddy shores and with significant natural fluctuations of the water level is the main measure for ensuring the survival of S. radicans, as well as other rare and endangered species adapted to such a type of habitat.