bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multivariate Pattern Classification of Primary Insomnia Using Three Types of Functional Connectivity Features
Authors: Dong Mengshi , Li Chao , Yin Yi , Hua Kelei , Fu Shishun , Wu Yunfan , Jiang Guihua
Published: January 2019

Objective:

To investigate whether or not functional connectivity (FC) could be used as a potential biomarker for classification of primary insomnia (PI) at the individual level by using multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA).

Methods:

Thirty-eight drug-naïve patients with PI and 44 healthy controls (HC) underwent resting-state functional MR imaging. Three commonly used FC metrics were calculated for each participant. We used the MVPA framework using linear support vector machine (SVM) with the three types of metrics as features separately. Subsequently, an unbiased N-fold cross-validation strategy was used to generate a classification system and was then used to evaluate its classification performances. Finally, FC metrics with significant high classification performance were compared between the two groups and were correlated with clinical characteristics, i.e., Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS).

Results:

The best classifier could reach up to an accuracy of 81.5%, with sensitivity of 84.9%, specificity of 79.1% and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 83.0% (all P < 0.001). Right fronto-insular cortex, left precuneus and left middle frontal gyrus showed high classification weights. In addition, right fronto-insular cortex and left middle frontal gyrus were the overlapping regions between MVPA and group comparison. Correlation analysis showed that functional connectivity strength (FCS) in left middle frontal gyrus and head of right caudate nucleus were correlated with PSQI and SDS respectively.

Conclusion:

The current study suggests abnormal FCS might serve as a potential neuromarkers for PI.

Key Points:

FCS in fronto-insular cortex and middle frontal gyrus may be a neuroimaging biomarker for insomnia.

FCS can be used to distinguish between patients with primary insomnia from healthy controls with high classification accuracy (81.5%; P < 0.001).

FCS in left middle frontal gyrus and head of right caudate nucleus were correlated with PSQI and SDS respectively.

Abbreviations:

PI

primary insomnia;

HC

healthy controls;

FC

functional connectivity;

MVPA

multivariate pattern analysis;

SVM

support vector machine;

FCS

functional connectivity strength;

ROC

receiver operating characteristic curve;

AUC

area under the receiver operating characteristic curve;

ISI

Insomnia Severity Index;

PSQI

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index;

SAS

Self-rating Anxiety Scale;

SDS

Self-rating Depression Scale.
PGCN: Disease gene prioritization by disease and gene embedding through graph convolutional neural networks
Authors: Li Yu , Kuwahara Hiroyuki , Yang Peng , Song Le , Gao Xin
Published: January 2019

Motivation

Proper prioritization of candidate genes is essential to the genome-based diagnostics of a range of genetic diseases. However, it is a highly challenging task involving limited and noisy knowledge of genes, diseases and their associations. While a number of computational methods have been developed for the disease gene prioritization task, their performance is largely limited by manually crafted features, network topology, or pre-defined rules of data fusion.

Results

Here, we propose a novel graph convolutional network-based disease gene prioritization method, PGCN, through the systematic embedding of the heterogeneous network made by genes and diseases, as well as their individual features. The embedding learning model and the association prediction model are trained together in an end-to-end manner. We compared PGCN with five state-of-the-art methods on the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) dataset for tasks to recover missing associations and discover associations between novel genes and diseases. Results show significant improvements of PGCN over the existing methods. We further demonstrate that our embedding has biological meaning and can capture functional groups of genes.

Availability

The main program and the data are available at https://github.com/lykaust15/Disease_gene_prioritization_GCN.
Epidemiology of Childhood Blindness: a Community based study in Bangladesh
Authors: Hussain A.H.M Enayet , Ferdoush Junnatul , Mashreky Saidur Rahman , Rahman AKM Fazlur , Ferdausi Nahid , Dalal Koustuv
Published: January 2019

This study has aimed to detect the prevalence and causes of childhood blindness in rural area of Bangladesh. A cross sectional quantitative study design was adopted for this study which carried-out in three unions (sub-districts) of Raiganj upazila of Sirajganj district of Bangladesh. Using a validated tool a screening program was conducted at household level. After initial screening a team of ophthalmologists confirmed the diagnosis by clinical examinations. The prevalence of childhood blindness found was 6.3 per 10,000 children. The rate of uni-ocular blindness was 4.8 per 10,000 children. Congenital problems were the major cause of both uniocular and binocular blindness (UOB: 84% and BB: 92% &). For binocular blindness, whole globe was the responsible site (28.0%, CI: 13.1, 47.7) and cornea was for the uni-ocular blindness (57.8%, CI: 35.3, 78.1). Childhood blindness is a public health problem in Bangladesh. Childhood blindness is common irrespective of gender. Major causes of childhood blindness are congenital.
Primary Studies on the Effect of Microbially Coalbed Methane Enhancement in Suit in the Qinshui Basin
Authors: Xiao Dong , Zhang Cong , Wang Enyuan , He Hailun , Zhang Yidong , Wu Junyong , Deng Liuping , Wang Meng
Published: January 2019

Methods used to yield bio-methane with coal to increase coalbed methane reserves had researched, thus providing a means for improving gas drainage efficiency. One such method utilized to convert coal into gas involves coal biodegradation technology. In order to confirm the practical application of this technology, the experiments were conducted in wells, Z-159, Z-163, Z-167, and Z-7H, in the Qinshui Basin in China, and the duration of the experiments was 32 months. Cl- ion tracer, number changes of Methanogen sp., and coal bed biome evolution indicated that the culture medium diffused in the Z-159 and Z-7H wells. These wells resumed gas production separately. Gasification of coal lasted 635 and 799 days, and yielded 74817 m3 and 251754 m3 coalbed methane in Z-159 and Z-7H wells, respectively. Results demonstrate that coalbed methane enhancement with biogasification of coal is a potential technical to achieve the productivity improvement of coalbed methane wells.
Link clustering explains non-central essential genes in protein interaction networks
Authors: Kim Inhae , Lee Heetak , Han Seong Kyu , Lee Kwanghwan , Kim Sanguk
Published: January 2019

Essential genes (EGs) often form central nodes in protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. However, many reports have shown that numerous EGs are non-central, suggesting that another principle governs gene essentiality. We propose link clustering as a distinct indicator of the essentiality for non-central nodes. Specifically, in various human and yeast PPI networks, we found that 29 to 47% of EGs were better characterized by link clustering than by centrality. Such non-central EGs with clustered links have significant impacts on communities at lower hierarchical levels, suggesting that their essentiality derives from functional dependency among relevant local neighbors, rather than their implication on global connectivity. Moreover, these non-central EGs exhibited several distinct characteristics: they tend to be younger and fast-evolving, and likely change their essentiality across different human cell lines and between human and mouse than central-EGs.
CD44 splice isoform switching determines breast cancer stem cell state
Authors: Zhang Honghong , Brown Rhonda L. , Wei Yong , Zhao Pu , Liu Sali , Liu Xuan , Deng Yu , Hu Xiaohui , Zhang Jing , Gao Xin D. , Kang Yibin , Mercurio Arthur M. , Goel Hira Lal , Cheng Chonghui
Published: January 2019

Although changes in alternative splicing have been observed in cancer, their functional contributions still remain largely unclear. Here we report that splice isoforms of the cancer stem cell (CSC) marker CD44 exhibit strikingly opposite functions in breast cancer. Bioinformatic annotation in patient breast cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database reveals that the CD44 standard splice isoform (CD44s) positively associates with the CSC gene signatures, whereas the CD44 variant splice isoforms (CD44v) exhibit an inverse association. We show that CD44s is the predominant isoform expressed in breast CSCs. Elimination of the CD44s isoform impairs CSC traits. Conversely, manipulating the splicing regulator ESRP1 to shift alternative splicing from CD44v to CD44s leads to an induction of CSC properties. We further demonstrate that CD44s activates the PDGFRβ/Stat3 cascade to promote CSC traits. These results reveal CD44 isoform specificity in CSC and non-CSC states and suggest that alternative splicing provides functional gene versatility that is essential for distinct cancer cell states and thus cancer phenotypes.
Journey to the center of the protein: allostery from multitemperature multiconformer X-ray crystallography
Authors: Keedy Daniel A.
Published: January 2019

Proteins inherently fluctuate between conformations to perform functions in the cell. For example, they sample product-binding, transition-state-stabilizing and product-release states during catalysis, and they integrate signals from remote regions of the structure for allosteric regulation. However, there is a lack of understanding of how these dynamic processes occur at the basic atomic level. This gap can be at least partially addressed by combining variable-temperature (instead of traditional cryogenic temperature) X-ray crystallography with algorithms for modeling alternative conformations based on electron-density maps, in an approach called multitemperature multiconformer X-ray crystallography (MMX). Here, the use of MMX to reveal alternative conformations at different sites in a protein structure and to estimate the degree of energetic coupling between them is discussed. These insights can suggest testable hypotheses about allosteric mechanisms. Temperature is an easily manipulated experimental parameter, so the MMX approach is widely applicable to any protein that yields well diffracting crystals. Moreover, the general principles of MMX are extensible to other perturbations such as pH, pressure, ligand concentrationetc. Future work will explore strategies for leveraging X-ray data across such perturbation series to more quantitatively measure how different parts of a protein structure are coupled to each other, and the consequences thereof for allostery and other aspects of protein function.
Measuring of job satisfaction: the use of quality of work life factors
Authors: Dhamija Pavitra , Gupta Shivam , Bag Surajit
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Banking industry forms a part of financial services that has emerged itself as the most important source for India’s economic growth. Job satisfaction of employees is one of the important pre-requisites to ensure smooth functioning of banks. The purpose of this paper is to explore the association of job satisfaction with the quality of work life factors of bank employees (n=300), followed by the essential influential relationship of these concepts with socio-demographic characteristics, thereby, proving its own distinct contribution to the subsist body of literature.

Design/methodology/approach

This study has considered five private sector banks in India and has used the technique of multi-stage sampling to collect primary data. The respondents from different cadres, namely, executive, associate and manager involved in customer-oriented interactions participated in this survey. The analysis has been conducted by applying descriptive statistics, regression analysis (impact of the quality of work life factors on job satisfaction) andχ2statistics (association of the quality of work life and job satisfaction with socio-demographic variables). The results have been compared with the Herzberg Theory of Job Satisfaction.

Findings

The results of the study show the presence of variance (R261.40 percent) in job satisfaction as explained by the quality of work life constructs. The unconducive work environment has confirmed negative association with job satisfaction. The study foresees to contribute useful information to the top management level in the organizations to enhance employees’ overall job satisfaction.

Research limitations/implications

The opaqueness with which the Indian banking industry has its roots and existence in India, the present study clearly has limits: the small size of the sample and the study considered only private sector banks.

Practical implications

A planned approach at organizational and individual level is highly recommended. The bank management must realize the importance of their devoted staff by giving them quality work environment. The initiatives like regular exercise routines can be adopted to reduce stress. Some respondents expressed the need for intercity branch associations, which can help them to solve common problems, better learning opportunities with an informal atmosphere along with other training sessions organized formally.

Originality/value

The paper gives a theoretical explanation of the quality of work life and job satisfaction factors in the Indian private banks falling under the umbrella of Indian banking industry with respect to the employees of private sector banks.
Moisture management properties of combination herbal extracts treated single jersey knitted fabrics
Authors: Chandrasekaran K. , Senthil Kumar M.
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the synergic effect of wild turmeric (Curcuma Aromatica Salisb.) and holy basil (Ocimum Tenuiflorum L.) combination herbal extracts treatment on the moisture management properties of cotton, lyocell and micro-denier single jersey knitted fabrics and the factors affecting it, which is intended for the development of healthcare apparel products.

Design/methodology/approach

The pre-treated single jersey knitted fabrics of cotton, lyocell and micro-denier polyester fabrics were given finishing treatment with the wild turmeric (Curcuma Aromatica Salisb.) and holy basil (Ocimum Tenuiflorum L.) combination herbal extract proportions of 100%:0%, 75%:25%,50%:50%; 25%:75% and 0%:100%. The D-optimal factorial design developed using Design Expert software was used for the study. The finishing treatments were carried out using the pad−dry−cure method. The aim of the work is to find out the influence of combination herbal extract proportion, textile material and their interaction effect on the moisture management properties.

Findings

The ANOVA results revealed that the overall moisture management properties of single jersey knitted fabrics are influenced by the material type, combination herbal extract proportion and the interaction between material type and the combination herbal extracts proportion. The overall moisture management properties of combination herbal extracts treated cotton single jersey fabrics are found to be better than that of lyocell and micro-denier polyester fabrics due to their excellent accumulative one-way transport capability after the finishing treatment. Among the combination herbal extract proportions, 50:50 per cent combination herbal extract proportion was found to be better than other proportions.

Originality/value

The study on the moisture management properties of combination herbal extracts of wild turmeric (Curcuma Aromatica Salisb.) and holy basil (Ocimum Tenuiflorum L.) is a novel attempt to explore the synergic effect of active constituents in both the herbs.
Thermal comfort performances of cellulosic socks evaluated by a foot manikin system and moisture management tester
Authors: Kaplan Sibel , Karaman Ceren
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate thermal comfort performances of socks produced from cotton and regenerated cellulosic fiber yarns by thermal resistance (by a newly designed foot thermal manikin), moisture management tester (MMT) parameters and permeability (air and water vapor) tests.

Design/methodology/approach

Single jersey fabrics and socks were knitted from 30 Ne yarns produced from cotton, different regenerated cellulosic fibers (viscose, modal, bamboo, micromodal, Tencel®, Tencel LF®) and their blends. Thermal resistances of the socks were compared by a newly developed thermal foot manikin in a more realistic way than measurements in fabric form. Besides air and water vapor permeability, moisture management parameters of the fabrics were tested to differentiate performances of cellulosic fibers.

Findings

Results show that air permeability, liquid absorption and transfer parameters measured by MMT are generally identical and better for regenerated cellulosic fabrics than cotton. Micromodal and Tencel® have better performances for liquid transfer and overall moisture management capacities are superior for bamboo and Tencel LF®. Thermal resistances of the socks are minimum for Tencel LF® having a cross-linked structure and maximum for viscose socks.

Originality/value

It is thought that thermal resistance measured in socks form is more realistic than fabric measurements and results of this study that can be valid for all knitted garments. Moreover, comprehensive material plan of the study is valuable for getting reliable results for regenerated cellulosic fibers that have small differences in cases of thermal resistance and liquid transfer.
Challenges and insights in inter-organizational collaborative healthcare networks
Authors: Mervyn Kieran , Amoo Nii , Malby Rebecca
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Public sectors have responded to grand societal challenges by establishing collaboratives – new inter-organizational partnerships to secure better quality health services. In the UK, a proliferation of collaboration-based healthcare networks exists that could help to enhance the value of investments in quality improvement programs. The nature and organizational form of such improvements is still a subject of debate within the public-sector literature. Place-based collaboration has been proposed as a possible solution. In response, the purpose of this study is to present the results and findings of a place-based collaborative network, highlighting challenges and insights.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted a social constructionist epistemological approach, using a qualitative methodology. A single case study was used and data collected in three different stages over a two-year period.

Findings

The study finds that leadership, data-enabled learning through system-wide training and development, and the provision of an enabling environment that is facilitated by an academic partner, can go a long way in the managing of healthcare networks for improving quality.

Research limitations/implications

Regardless of the tensions and challenges with place-based networks, they could still be a solution in maximizing the public value required by government investments in the healthcare sector, as they offer a more innovative structure that can help to address complex issues beyond the remit of hierarchical structures. This study is limited by the use of a single case study.

Practical implications

Across countries health systems are moving away from markets to collaborative models for healthcare delivery and from individual services to population-based approaches. This study provides insights to inform leaders of collaborative health models in the design and delivery of these new collaborations.

Social implications

As demand rises (as a result of increasing complexity and demographics) in the western world, health systems are seeking to redefine the boundaries between health service provision and community self-reliance and resilience. This study provides insights into the new partnership between health institutions and communities, providing opportunities for more social- and solidarity-based healthcare models which place patients and the public at the heart of change.

Originality/value

The city place-based network is the first of such organizational form in healthcare collaboration in the UK.
Loyalty intentions and selected relationship quality constructs
Authors: Petzer Daniel J. , van Tonder Estelle
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to assess the mediating effect of customer engagement on the relationships between selected relationship quality and value antecedents (commitment, customer satisfaction, trust and customer value), and the consequence (loyalty intentions) within the short-term insurance industry.

Design/methodology/approach

A descriptive research design that is quantitative in nature was followed and 491 responses from insurance customers were analysed.

Findings

Short-term insurers should facilitate customer engagement by implementing strategies that foster customer commitment, ensure customer satisfaction, build trust and create customer value. Facilitating customer engagement may lead to stronger loyalty intentions amongst customers towards the short-term insurer.

Research limitations/implications

The investigation offers a greater understanding of the relevance and importance of the customer engagement theory and the impact it may have in strengthening the relationships between factors of the relationship marketing domain and customer loyalty.

Practical implications

From a managerial perspective, it is evident that short-term insurers should facilitate customer engagement carrying out strategies that foster customer commitment, ensure customer satisfaction, build trust and create customer value.

Originality/value

Building on the work of earlier relationship and quality management scholars, the study provides new insight into the role and relevance of relationship quality and value factors and customer engagement, while simultaneously being assessed for their contribution to customer loyalty.
Power of positive words: communication, cognition, and organizational transformation
Authors: Muthusamy Senthil Kumar
Published: January 2019

Purpose

In the extant organizational change literature scant attention has been given to the communication and cognitive processes consequential to organizational transformation. From the communication and sense-making perspectives, this study discusses the role of positive communication involving stories, metaphors or axioms in fostering socio-cognitive routines necessary for organizational change. The study further examines the empirical link between positive communication and organizational transformation with the survey data from professionals who have experienced the organizational change episode. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

The study examines the empirical link between the positive communication and organizational transformation with a survey data collected from 174 management professionals who have recently experienced the organizational change episodes such as restructuring, reengineering, TQM adoption or new strategy implementation. With the content analysis of narratives containing metaphors, axioms and stories, the study unravels the underlying clusters of organizational and socio-cognitive dimensions associated with organizational transformation.

Findings

The study results affirm the importance of positive communication and its effects on the emotional buy-in, learning and transformation occurring at the individual level, and attest to the transformational effect of positive axioms, metaphors or stories on the organization. The study also revealed that the positive communication diffusing social, cognitive or emotional attributes such as commitment, trust or optimism produces the desired transformational effect.

Practical implications

It is imperative for managers to understand the relationship between socio-linguistic processes and cognitive attributes such as trust, commitment and learning. With the help of right metaphors, stories and axioms that resonate with changing industry conditions, managers can effectively orchestrate the strategic intent and organizational transformation.

Originality/value

Most studies on the relationship between managerial communication and organizational transformation are primarily qualitative case studies focusing on the dialectics of organizational change. This study carries the strong external validity by capturing the connection between managerial communications and their transformational effect with the help of data collected from the management professionals across multiple industries.
Rising Damp in the Suburbs. Or ‘Whatever Happened to the Villa Tory?’
Authors: Baston Lewis
Published: January 2019

The suburban areas that were initially stereotyped in the late nineteenth century as ‘Villa Tory’ strongholds and exemplified by Hackney and Islington had, by the 1980s, become ‘bedsitter’ areas dominated by the political left. An examination of the evolution of electoral behaviour in these areas shows that conservatism did indeed dominate the villa suburbs, and that although there were previous intimations of decline, it was not until 1945 that Labour broke the Conservatives’ grip. The causes of this are identified as an outward movement of the population to interwar suburbia, the breaking up of villas into flats, and Labour's increasing appeal to middle class electors. In this category of seats, Labour has outperformed the party's national achievement consistently since 1955; the party's exceptional results here in the 2017 election are, therefore, a new peak on a long‐term trend rather than a breakthrough.
Molecular phylogeographic analyses and species delimitations reveal that Leopoldamys edwardsi (Rodentia: Muridae) is a species complex
Authors: LI Haotian , KONG Lingming , WANG Kaiyun , ZHANG Shuping , MOTOKAWA Masaharu , WU Yi , WANG Wenquan , LI Yuchun
Published: January 2019

Leopoldamys edwardsi is a species with wide distribution ranges in southern China but is not discussed in studies on geographic variation and species differentiation. We used 2 mitochondrial (Cytb, CO1) and 3 nuclear (GHR, IRBP and RAG1) genes to clarify species phylogeography and geographical differentiation. Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian phylogenetic inference (BI) trees consistently indicated that L. edwardsi is a species complex containing 3 main lineages with high Kimura‐2‐parameter (K2P) divergences (i.e. lineages LN, LS and LHN) found in the northern and southern China and Hainan Island, respectively. The 3 species delimitation methods, automated barcoding gap discovery, Bayesian poisson tree process analysis and Bayesian phylogenetics and phylogeography, consistently supported the existence of cryptic species. Divergence times among the main lineages were inferred to be during the Pleistocene, with LHN/LS split at 1.33 Ma and LN/(LHN+LS) at 2.61 Ma; the diversifications of L. edwardsi complex might be caused by the rapid uplifts of Tibetan Plateau, paleoclimate change and complex topography. The divergence between LHN and LS was probably related to the separation of Hainan Island from the mainland via the formation of the Qiongzhou Strait. Lineages LN and (LS+LHN) likely diverged due to the Wuyi‐Nanling mountain range forming a dispersal barrier. Our results suggested that L. edwardsi complex contains at least 3 distinct species: LHN represents L. hainanensis, endemic to Hainan Island and previously considered as a subspecies L. e. hainanensis; LS represents a cryptic species distributed throughout the southern Chinese continent; and LN represents the nominotypical species L. edwardsi.
The Framing of Sustainable Consumption and Production in SDG 12
Authors: Gasper Des , Shah Amod , Tankha Sunil
Published: January 2019

This paper examines the processes of formulation of UN Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG 12) – ‘Ensure Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns’ – and its targets and indicators. We argue that business interests have steered its narrative of sustainable growth. The outcome of the SDG 12 negotiations reflects a production‐ and design‐centered perspective that emerged in the 1990s and has a business‐friendly regulatory approach and faith in solutions through new technologies. We show how the targets and indicators emerged in debates between national governments, UN agencies, civil society and private sector organizations – and how they reflect both the political process and technical and practical considerations in translation of a broad concept into the SDG format. While the emergence of SDG 12 as a standalone goal stems from a push by developing countries to build pressure on developed countries, and its presence may open space for attention to this area in the future, many of its targets were watered down and left vague. The indicators to measure progress on the targets further narrow the scope and ambition of Goal 12, whose current content does not adequately reflect earlier more transformative conceptualizations of Sustainable Consumption and Production.
Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment: Feminist Mobilization for the SDGs
Authors: Sen Gita
Published: January 2019

This paper analyses the role of feminist mobilizing in formulating the gender equality agenda of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): the goal (5) to ‘achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls’ and gender‐related targets across other SDGs. It explores how three key drivers shaped its contours and the effectiveness: (1) context of socioeconomic and political environment; (2) institutions; and (3) the processes of movement building. While feminist mobilizing led to significant advances in the SDGs relative to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), important unresolved barriers of financing and political opposition to women's human rights and gender equality remain and will require continued feminist mobilizing. This paper argues for the need to locate feminist mobilizing for the SDGs in the context of the history and persistence of gender inequality and violations of girls’ and women's human rights, and the struggle against these violations. This history is located within economic, social and political environments that are sometimes more open to progressive social change but often, as in the current global conjuncture, may not be.
Measuring Access to Justice: Transformation and Technicality in SDG 16.3
Authors: Satterthwaite Margaret L. , Dhital Sukti
Published: January 2019

Billions of people around the world live at the margins – pushed or kept out, often in silence, without adequate protection of the law. Denied healthcare, citizenship or fair pay, those unprotected by the law have problems that are both real and relentless, impacting their ability to reap the benefits of sustainable development. Despite this crushing reality, access to justice is a bedrock principle undergirding human rights. Despite its centrality, justice was not explicitly included in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). This omission was corrected when the SDGs were adopted with a stand‐alone goal on justice. While Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16 was the result of years of political, strategic and scholarly work by human rights advocates, development practitioners and academics, its promise lies beyond the technocratic realms of development programming, by insisting that people's own experience of justice – and injustice – must remain at the center of efforts to assess progress toward a world where no one is ‘left behind’.
Knowledge and Politics in Setting and Measuring the SDGs: Introduction to Special Issue
Authors: Fukuda‐Parr Sakiko , McNeill Desmond
Published: January 2019

The papers in this special issue provide accounts of the politics and knowledge that shaped the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The open and transparent processes in the Open Working Group (OWG) and Post‐2015 agenda consultations challenged the MDG paradigm and set more transformative and ambitious goals. But across many goals, there was slippage in ambition when targets and indicators were selected. In some cases, this is due to genuine difficulty in defining a suitable indicator. In other cases, there is clearly a contestation about the agenda, and indicators are used to reorient or pervert the meaning of the goal. The accounts of the negotiations– concerning inequality, sustainable agriculture, access to justice, education, environment – show how the selection of an indicator is purportedly a technical matter but is highly political, though obscured behind the veil of an objective and technical choice. The papers also highlight how the increasing role of big data and other non‐traditional sources of data is altering data production, dissemination and use, and fundamentally altering the epistemology of information and knowledge. This raises questions about ‘data for whom and for what’ – fundamental issues concerning the power of data to shape knowledge, the democratic governance of SDG indicators and of knowledge for development overall.
The SDGs: Changing How Development is Understood
Authors: Caballero Paula
Published: January 2019

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) constitute a truly transformative agenda which provides a framework to help us effectively confront the fundamental challenges of development in a way that the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) did not. This commentary briefly describes the very demanding, at times antagonistic, process that produced the SDGs, including the crucial role of the Open Working Group (OWG). It points out the strengths of the SDGs by comparison with the MDGs, with respect to both process and product. The SDGs, proposed and championed by a country from the Global South, for the first time defined development as a universal agenda, and upended the traditional division of countries into those who need to act and those called primarily to provide development assistance. Many countries across the development spectrum rejected this proposal, which was finally agreed thanks to persistence, lengthy negotiations and consensus building. In the end, the adoption of the SDGs also broke down the divide between environment and development, offering an integrated and inclusive framework for structuring solutions. Yet an agenda of such deep transformative potential faces implementation challenges, and this commentary emphasizes the need for the sort of analysis contained in the papers in this Special Issue in order to ensure that the SDGs are strengthened and continue to evolve.
Parental alcohol use disorder with and without other mental disorders and offspring alcohol use disorder
Authors: Holst C. , Tolstrup J. S. , Sørensen H. J. , Pisinger V. S. C. , Becker U.
Published: January 2019

Objective

To examine the association between parental alcohol use disorder (AUD) with and without other mental disorders and offspring AUD.

Methods

Using data from Danish nationwide registers, we identified 15 477 offspring with parental AUD and 154 392 reference individuals from the general population. Parental AUD was defined as registration for AUD treatment. Parental mental disorders were identified in medical registers and comprised psychotic, mood, anxiety, personality, drug use, and other non‐alcohol‐related mental disorders. AUD in offspring was identified from medical, pharmacy, treatment and cause of death registers. Hazard ratios (HRs) of AUD were estimated using Cox regression models.

Results

AUD in one or both parents was associated with higher risks of AUD in offspring compared with reference individuals. Paternal AUD plus other mental disorder (HR = 2.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.10–2.46) and paternal AUD alone (HR = 2.21, 95% CI: 2.07–2.36) were associated with higher offspring AUD risk. Similarly, maternal AUD plus other mental disorder (HR = 3.02, 95% CI: 2.66–3.43) and maternal AUD alone (HR = 2.57, 95% CI: 2.20–3.01) were associated with higher offspring AUD risk.

Conclusions

Offspring with parental AUD are at increased risk of AUD irrespective of exposure to other parental mental disorders.
Postoperative microcirculatory perfusion and endothelial glycocalyx shedding following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Dekker N. A. M. , Veerhoek D. , Koning N. J. , van Leeuwen A. L. I. , Elbers P. W. G. , van den Brom C. E. , Vonk A. B. A. , Boer C.
Published: January 2019

We investigated microcirculatory perfusion disturbances following cardiopulmonary bypass in the early postoperative period and whether the course of these disturbances mirrored restoration of endothelial glycocalyx integrity. We performed sublingual sidestream dark field imaging of the microcirculation during the first three postoperative days in patients who had undergone on‐pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. We calculated the perfused vessel density, proportion of perfused vessels and perfused boundary region. Plasma was obtained to measure heparan sulphate and syndecan‐1 levels as glycocalyx shedding markers. We recruited 17 patients; the mean (SD) duration of non‐pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass was 103 (18) min, following which 491 (29) ml autologous blood was transfused through cell salvage. Cardiopulmonary bypass immediately decreased both microcirculatory perfused vessel density; 11 (3) vs. 16 (4) mm.mm−2, p = 0.052 and the proportion of perfused vessels; 92 (5) vs. 69 (9) %, p < 0.0001. The proportion of perfused vessels did not increase after transfusion of autologous salvaged blood following cardiopulmonary bypass; 72 (7) %, p = 0.19 or during the first three postoperative days; 71 (5) %, p < 0.0001. The perfused boundary region increased after cardiopulmonary bypass; 2.2 (0.3) vs. 1.9 (0.3) μm, p = 0.037 and during the first three postoperative days; 2.4 (0.3) vs. 1.9 (0.3) μm, p = 0.003. Increased plasma heparan sulphate levels were inversely associated with the proportion of perfused vessels during cardiopulmonary bypass; R = −0.49, p = 0.02. Plasma syndecan‐1 levels were inversely associated with the proportion of perfused vessels during the entire study period; R = −0.51, p < 0.0001. Our study shows that cardiopulmonary bypass‐induced acute microcirculatory perfusion disturbances persist in the first three postoperative days, and are associated with prolonged endothelial glycocalyx shedding. This suggests prolonged impairment and delayed recovery of both microcirculatory perfusion and function after on‐pump cardiac surgery.
Safety, complications and clinical outcome after ultrasound‐guided paravertebral catheter insertion for rib fracture analgesia: a single‐centre retrospective observational study
Authors: Womack J. , Pearson J. D. , Walker I. A. , Stephens N. M. , Goodman B. A.
Published: January 2019

Rib fractures are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Ultrasound‐guided thoracic paravertebral catheter insertion has been described for the management of pain secondary to rib fractures. We conducted a retrospective observational study of all patients with rib fractures who had a paravertebral catheter inserted for analgesia provision over a 4‐year period. Data from the Trauma Audit and Research Network were used to compare patients with rib fractures who were managed with paravertebral catheters to those managed with systemic analgesia. A total of 314 consecutive paravertebral catheters were inserted in 290 patients. Five (1.9%) catheters were removed due to ineffective analgesia. Other minor complications occurred in three cases (0.96%). The proportion of rib fracture patients managed with paravertebral catheters increased from 31/200 (15.5%) in the first year of study to 81/168 (48.2%) in the fourth; over this time‐period the observed:predicted mortality ratio fell from 1.04 to 0.66. Proportional hazard regression with and without propensity score matching demonstrated a reduction in mortality associated with paravertebral catheter use, but this became statistically non‐significant when time‐dependent analysis was used. Paravertebral catheters are a safe and effective technique for rib fracture analgesia; however, our data were insufficient to demonstrate any improvement in mortality.
Management and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in the Netherlands after referral for colposcopy
Authors: Aitken Clare A. , Siebers Albert G. , Matthijsse Suzette M. , Jansen Erik E. L. , Bekkers Ruud L. M. , Becker Jeroen H. , ter Harmsel Bram , Roovers Jan‐Paul W. R. , van Kemenade Folkert J. , de Kok Inge M. C. M.
Published: January 2019

Introduction

The aim of this study was to describe trends in the diagnosis and treatment of women referred from the national screening program with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in the Netherlands, and to compare these trends with national guidelines and identify potential areas for improvement for the new primary high‐risk HPV screening program.

Material and methods

We conducted a population‐based cohort study using data from the Dutch pathology archive. Women aged 29‐63 years who took part in the Dutch cervical screening program between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2014 were selected. Three referral groups were identified: direct referrals and those referred after either one (first indirect referrals) or two (second indirect referrals) repeat cytology tests, totaling 85 239 referrals for colposcopy. The most invasive management technique and the most severe diagnosis of each screening episode was identified. Rates of management techniques were calculated separately by referral type, highest CIN diagnosis and age group.

Results

In all, 85.1% of CIN 3 lesions were treated with excision (either large excision or hysterectomy) and 26.4% of CIN 1 lesions were treated with large excision. Rates of overtreatment (CIN 1 or less) in see‐and‐treat management were higher for indirect referrals than for direct referrals and increased with age. Large excision rates increased with CIN diagnosis severity.

Conclusions

Despite guideline recommendations not to treat, CIN 1 lesions were treated in just over 25% of cases and approximately 15% of CIN 3 lesions were possibly undertreated. Given the expected increase in CIN detection in the new primary high‐risk HPV screening program, reduction in CIN 1 treatment and CIN 2 treatment in younger women is needed to avoid an increase in potential harm.
Editorial: raising the bar on probiotic foods
Authors: Soh Alex Yu Sen , Gwee Kok‐Ann
Published: January 2019

Linked Content

This article is linked to Dimidi et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15073.
Resources, state ownership and innovation capability: Evidence from Chinese automakers
Authors: Wang Liwen , Jin Jason Lu , Banister David
Published: January 2019

Promoting innovation has been a major task for both business practitioners and governments in emerging markets. Based on the resource‐based view, this study examines the contributing factors of firms' innovation capability and the contingent role of state ownership. Utilizing data on 102 Chinese automobile firms, we found that financial resources, R&D human capital, innovation leadership, collaborative culture, and government support positively relate to firms' innovation capability. Moreover, the firm's ownership type serves as a boundary condition for the resource–capability relationship. The significance of different resources in developing innovation capability vary for firms with different ownership types. In particular, government support and R&D human capital have stronger effects in promoting non‐state‐owned enterprises' innovation capability. From a practical standpoint, developing innovation capability should consider the critical role of ownership. Specifically, while state‐owned enterprises can capitalize on organizational and financial resources to enhance innovation capability, it is also important for them to transform bureaucratized systems into more market‐orientated ones and facilitate the effective utilization of R&D human capital and government support.
Debate: Bipolar disorder: extremely rare before puberty and antipsychotics cause serious harms – a commentary on Van Meter et al. (2019)
Authors: Parry Peter , Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun
Published: January 2019

‘Paediatric bipolar disorder’ (PBD) remains controversial; because it is based on the hypothesis that bipolar disorder (BD) often begins in childhood with atypical forms of mania. A meta‐analysis of 12 epidemiological surveys found a high prevalence of PBD among children and adolescents worldwide (1.8%), however, our study of the measurement issues (Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 23, 2018, 14) found that PBD rates were lower than claimed. Our findings are consistent with the developmental trajectory of BD, as described by most longitudinal studies of high‐risk offspring. BD is extremely rare in childhood with nearly all index manic/hypomanic episodes being in midadolescence or later. Treatment for BD should not commence until the first well‐defined manic/hypomanic episode, because children and younger adolescents are extremely sensitive to the side effects of second‐generation antipsychotics including weight gain, metabolic syndrome, extrapyramidal side effects and the risk of cerebral atrophy, as observed in studies of juvenile animals.
Debate: Dimensions of mania in youth: possibly bipolar, probably risk indicators, certainly impairing
Authors: Pan Pedro Mario , Salum Giovanni , Bressan Rodrigo A.
Published: January 2019

We comment on the utility of latent manic dimensions to elucidate the prevalence of youth Bipolar Disorder in epidemiological samples, irrespective of sample′s cultural background or clinician′s predetermined prototypical definitions of a bipolar case.
Debate: No bipolar disorder in prepubertal children at high familial risk
Authors: Hillegers Manon H.J.
Published: January 2019

The rise in pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) prevalence rates and the related treatment regimen has an impact on a whole generation of severely affected young children. In Europe, we also see these emotional dysregulated children with a broad range of explosive disruptive behavior. However, classification within the bipolar disorder spectrum is rare. Why are these prepubertal children diagnosed with mania and how does this fit with the findings from bipolar offspring studies? Impact of methods of assessment, recruitment, and parental diagnoses are discussed.
Debate Editorial: Very early onset bipolar disorder – international differences in prevalence, practice or language?
Authors: Carlson Gabrielle A. , Dubicka Bernadka
Published: January 2019

Read the core debate at: doi: 10.1111/camh.12231; doi: 10.1111/camh.12243; doi: 10.1111/camh.12296; doi: 10.1111/camh.12306

Read more perspectives in this debate at: doi: 10.1111/camh.12318 doi: 10.1111/camh.12317; doi: 10.1111/camh.12316; doi: 10.1111/camh.12313; doi: 10.1111/camh.12310; doi: 10.1111/camh.12314
Wanting To Be Remembered: Intrinsically Rewarding Work and Generativity in Early Midlife
Authors: Chen Jiawen , Krahn Harvey J. , Galambos Nancy L. , Johnson Matthew D.
Published: January 2019

Previous research on generativity, the desire to leave a legacy through establishing and guiding the next generation, has focused primarily on family life and civic engagement as pathways to midlife generativity. This paper proposes that intrinsically rewarding work can also be associated with a heightened sense of generativity in midlife. We test this hypothesis with data (n = 369 employed individuals, approximately 43 years old) from the 2010 wave of the Edmonton Transitions Study. Civic engagement was positively associated with midlife generativity, as predicted, but the hypothesized positive relationship between generativity and perceived parenting success was not found. Taking into account civic engagement and perceived parenting success, and controlling on a range of other variables, intrinsically rewarding work was positively associated with midlife feelings of generativity.