bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF PUSHBACK Z-PLASTY METHOD ON THE FUNCTION OF VELOPHARYNGEAL AND ARTICULATION IN POST-RECONSTRUCTION CLEFT PALATE PATIENTS IN HARAPAN KITA CHILDREN AND MATERNITY HOSPITAL JAKARTA
Authors: Hanafiah Olivia Avriyanti , Manullang Kasman , Firman Mantra , Hak Muhammad Syafrudin
Published: January 2021

Cleft palate patients experience various problems, especially those affecting their speech intelligibility, such as speech articulation disorder. The aim of this research was to prove the effect of cleft palate reconstruction with modified pushback z–plasty technique at the nasal mucosa on velopharyngeal function and articulation function in speaking. A research has been conducted on post-reconstruction cleft palate patients by using modified pushback z-plasty technique at the nasal mucosa. The methods were examining velopharyngeal components with cephalometric radiograph, assessing airflow released from the nose when the patients pronounce vowel ‘a’ using nasal emission device and assessing speech articulation results through Sehati Program at Harapan Kita Children and Maternity Hospital, Jakarta. The research results showed that there was a statistically significant effect of cleft palate reconstruction with pushback z-plasty technique at the nasal mucosa on velopharyngeal function, and there was a statistically significant effect of cleft palate reconstruction with pushback z-plasty technique at the nasal mucosa on articulation function in speaking. In addition, there was also a statistically significant correlation between velopharyngeal function and speech articulation function of post-reconstruction cleft palate patients with pushback z-plasty technique at the nasal mucosa based on the cephalometric radiograph, but the result was not significant statistically based on nasal emission assessment.
ACTIVITY OF PERICARP EXTRACT OF MANGOSTEEN AGAINST ORAL STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Mustaqimah Dewi Nurul , HW Josh Erry
Published: January 2021

The increasing prevalence of dental caries is still as a major world health problem. Caries is the direct result of acid production by cariogenic oral pathogens, especially Streptococcus mutans. New and better antimicrobial agents active against cariogenic bacteria with minimal side effects on the oral tissues are much needed, especially natural agents derived directly from plants. Phytochemical studies have shown that the extracts from various parts of mangosteen or Garciniamangostana Linn tree contain varieties of secondary metabolites such as prenylated and oxygenated xanthones, many of which have been found in vitro to have antimicrobial properties against oral pathogens. Several studies which examined the eficacy of herbal for human health have shown that xanthones from mangosteen have remarkable biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer etc, and had no cytotoxic effects on human gingival fibroblasts. Their results showed that among these xanthone derivatives obtain from pericarp extract of mangosteen, α-mangostin has the most potent antimicrobial activity against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans. It can be concluded that the strong antimicrobial activity of the pericarp extract of mangosteen is a good drug of choice that might be helpful in preventing the dental caries.
THE ANALYSIS OF MANDIBULAR TRABECULAE ALVEOLAR PROCESS ON POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN THROUGH PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPH
Authors: Azhari Azhari
Published: January 2021

The alveolar process is the most supporting tooth containing trabeculae and has the highest metabolic rate in the mandibular body of post-menopausal women. The decreasing in estrogens level on post-menopausal women results a faster reaction than men for 2-3 times. This research aims to determine the bone quality based on trabeculae alveolar process analysis using panoramic radiographs. The research methodology was to conduct 67 samples of panoramic radiographs from RSGM Unpad.  This research applied observational analytic methodology by taking cross-sectional data using secondary data on three groups of bone quality based on measurement using DEXA t-score (normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis). The panoramic radiograph data processing was conducted with Image J software by separating the background and foreground (trabeculae). A focus of 30x30 mm ROI in the alveolar distal portion of the left and right mandibular second premolar teeth, and calculation of trabecular area. Result: average of normal trabecular area: 82.35%, osteopenia: 73.9% and osteoporosis: 68.7% respectively. The difference between normal and osteoporosis was discovered, but no difference was found between normal and osteopenia with p <0.05. This research concludes that the region of interest trabecular of alveolar process with panoramic radiograph can be used to detect osteoporosis on post-menopausal women.
ORAL POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH BETEL QUID CHEWING HABIT IN SAMOSIR ISLAND, NORTH SUMATRA INDONESIA
Authors: Lubis Indri , Primasari Ameta , Hasibuan Sayuti
Published: January 2021

Oral potentially malignant disorders have been associated with a betel quid chewing habit. To date, betel quid chewing has a major social and cultural role in the society of Samosir Island, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of oral potentially malignant disorders associated with the habit of betel quid chewing in the society of Samosir Island, North Sumatra, Indonesia. This case-control study was conducted on all betel quid chewers in the working area of the Ambarita Public Health Centre in Samosir Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. All subjects were examined clinically for the presence of any oral lesions and interviewed for their betel quid chewing habit. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to analyze the relationship between variables. Among the 51 subjects recruited in the study, 28 subjects suffered from oral potentially malignant disorders who had oral potentially malignant disorders such as submucous fibrosis and/or leukoplakia (the case group) whereas 23 subjects showed no clinically detectable oral potentially malignant disorders (the control group). An increased risk of oral potentially malignant disorders was associated with the habit of chewing areca nut and tobacco (OR=1.600; p=0.542), the duration of betel quid chewing more than 25 years (OR=4.379; p=0.023), and the frequency of betel quid chewing more than 6 times/day (OR=4.800; p=0.021). In conclusion, oral potentially malignant disorders were associated with chewing betel quid habit in the society of Samosir Island, North Sumatra, Indonesia.
N-ALKOXYMETHYL DERIVATIVES OF 2-AMINOTHIAZOLE AND THEIR PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES
Authors:   Acad. A. Guliyev Institute of Chemistry of Additives National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Farzaliyev V.M. , Abbasova M.T. ,   Acad. A. Guliyev Institute of Chemistry of Additives National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Babaeva B.G. ,   Acad. A. Guliyev Institute of Chemistry of Additives National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Mirzoeva M.A. ,   Acad. A. Guliyev Institute of Chemistry of Additives National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Kulieva G.M. ,   Acad. A. Guliyev Institute of Chemistry of Additives National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Safarova L.R. ,   Acad. A. Guliyev Institute of Chemistry of Additives National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Alieva N.A. ,   Acad. A. Guliyev Institute of Chemistry of Additives National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan
Published: January 2021

Conditions for alkoxymethylation of 2-aminothiazole with semiformals obtained by the interaction of aliphatic alcohols with formaldehyde were worked out. Alkoxymethylation was performed by means of preliminary preparation of the semiformal of appropriate hydroxylcontaining compounds followed by interaction of semiformal with equimolar amount of 2- aminothiazole. The structure of the obtained compounds was acknowledged by means of IR and NMR 1 H spectroscopy. It was established that the reaction of the alkoxymethylation proceeds in the amino form of the starting 2-aminothiazole to form an appropriate monosubstituted Nalkoxymethyl derivative. As a result of microbiological tests, it was established that these compounds have high bactericidal properties against microorganisms which affect petroleum products and, at a concentration of 0.5%, completely protect both M-8 lubricating oil and diesel fuel from damage by bacteria even in terms of their forced infection. It found that at a concentration of 100 mg/l the obtained compounds protect the CT-3 steel from acid corrosion, moreover N-(isopropoxymethyl)thiazol-2-amine has the greatest protection effect.
WATER-DILUTING EPOXIDE TELOMER BASED ON DIBUTYL ETHER OF ADIPINIC ACID
Authors:   Institute of Polymer Materials of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Chalabiyeva A.Z. , Ishenko N.Ya. ,   Institute of Polymer Materials of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Nurullayeva D.R. ,   Institute of Polymer Materials of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Mamedov B.A. ,   Institute of Polymer Materials of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan
Published: January 2021

A water-diluting epoxidetelomer was synthesized on the basis of allylglycidyl ether and dibutyl ether of adipinic acid under the effect of free radicals being generated during thermal decay of ditretbutyl peroxide. The reaction proceeds in one stage, the process is wasteless and fire-safe while the unreacted allylglycidyl ether returns to the reaction. The synthesized epoxytelomer is a low-viscous resin of lightyellow color, soluble in water, chloroform, acetone, M.w.=380-400 g.mol-1 , epoxide number –18-19%. The composition and structure of the obtained telomer were established due to physical and chemical investigations. The composition materials of hot and cold curing were developed on the basis of the obtained telomer. The curing process was studied by a method of differential-thermal analysis to show that the obtained materials were characterized by high heat-resistance and thermal stability. It revealed that the epoxide telomer has surface-active properties.
Bien au-delà du crochet: La science et le football dans la couverture sportive du Pará
Authors: Sousa André Laurent Souza Lopes , Santos Ana Lucia Prado Reis dos , Dendasck Carla Viana , Oliveira Euzébio de , Bahia Mirleide Chaar
Published: January 2021

Les rapports relatifs à la science et au football ne sont pas fréquents dans la couverture sportive du Pará. Comprendre les causes de ce problème est l’objectif principal de cette étude. De l’examen de la littérature des sciences du sport dans le football, l’interdisciplinarité qui contribue depuis des décennies à des études pertinentes qui ont abouti non seulement à la compréhension des problèmes du sport, mais aussi à l’augmentation de la performance des joueurs de soccer et des équipes. Dans un deuxième temps, l’ouvrage apporte le dialogue entre la culture scientifique (VOGT, 2003) et le journalisme, du point de vue du journalisme scientifique (BUENO, 2009) et du journalisme sportif (BUENO, 2005; MALULY, 2005), afin de souligner la provocation de Messa (2005), qui attribue au journalisme sportif d’un caractère scientifique, le journalisme sport-scientifique, la possibilité d’aller au-delà du divertissement pour les fans-spectateurs. Cependant, il est nécessaire de comprendre, à partir d’entretiens semi-structurés, les facteurs limitatifs de la couverture sportive au Pará et les raisons pour lesquelles la science a peu d’espace. L’expertise et les relations entre les journalistes et les membres des comités techniques des équipes de football du Pará sont l’une des possibilités d’élargir le contenu de la science et du football.
Mucho más allá del gancho: Ciencia y fútbol en la cobertura deportiva de Pará
Authors: Sousa André Laurent Souza Lopes , Santos Ana Lucia Prado Reis dos , Dendasck Carla Viana , Oliveira Euzébio de , Bahia Mirleide Chaar
Published: January 2021

Los informes relacionados con la ciencia y el fútbol no son frecuentes en la cobertura deportiva de Pará. Comprender las causas de este problema es el objetivo principal de este estudio. Desde la revisión de la literatura de la ciencia del deporte en el fútbol, la interdisciplinariedad que durante décadas contribuye a estudios relevantes que se tradieron no sólo en la comprensión de los problemas del deporte, sino también en el aumento en el rendimiento de los jugadores y equipos de fútbol. En un segundo momento, el trabajo trae el diálogo entre la cultura científica (VOGT, 2003) y el periodismo, desde las perspectivas del periodismo científico (BUENO, 2009) y del deporte (BUENO, 2005; MALULY, 2005), con el fin de destacar la provocación de Messa (2005), que atribuye el periodismo deportivo de carácter científico, el periodismo deportivo-científico, la posibilidad de ir más allá del entretenimiento para los aficionados-espectadores. Sin embargo, es necesario comprender, a partir de las entrevistas semiestructuradas, los factores limitantes de la cobertura deportiva en Pará y las razones para que la ciencia tenga poco espacio. Una posibilidad de ampliar los contenidos que involucran ciencia y fútbol es la experiencia y relación entre periodistas y miembros de los comités técnicos de los equipos de fútbol de Pará.
Benefícios relacionados à cirurgia minimamente invasiva na ginecologia
Authors: Vasconcelos Isys Holanda Albuquerque de , Andrade Renata Nogueira , Rodrigues Beatriz Amâncio , Assis Beatriz Leite , Santos Lorenna da Silva , Alves Luana Lemos , Rosa Marlon José dos Santos , Carvalho Monica Aparecida Miranda , Freire Renata Correia , Scanagatta
Published: January 2021

Introdução: Essa revisão integrativa da literatura tem como objetivo demonstrar os benefícios da cirurgia minimamente invasiva em pacientes ginecológicos, tendo em vista que, quando comparada ao método cirúrgico tradicional, as cirurgias laparoscópica e robótica podem oferecer algumas vantagens. Método: Caracteriza-se como uma revisão bibliográfica do tipo integrativa, de abordagem qualitativa e natureza aplicada. A busca dos artigos foi realizada por meio do acesso à base de dados PubMed. Para isso, utilizou-se de descritores, contidos no MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), condizentes à temática da pesquisa e referentes aos termos: “minimally invasive surgery”, “gynecologic” e “benefits”. Tais descritores, empregados em português, inglês e espanhol e associados aos operadores booleanos “AND” e “OR” proporcionaram a elaboração da fórmula de pesquisa utilizada. Resultados: Foram analisados 19 estudos, dentre eles a fração mais significativa correspondeu aos estudos de coorte retrospectivo, 68,42% (n=13). Desses, 69,23% (n=9) foram sobre a abordagem ao câncer de endométrio, 7,69% (n=1) sobre a abordagem ao câncer cervical, 7,69% (n=1) sobre a abordagem ao câncer de ovário, 7,69% (n=1) sobre a abordagem à miomas. Os demais se dividiram entre ensaio clínico randomizado, 10,53% (n=2), onde um estudo falou sobre a abordagem ao câncer de endométrio e o outro falou sobre a abordagem à endometriose; estudo prospectivo, randomizado e duplo-cego, 10,53% (n=2), onde um estudo falou sobre a abordagem ao câncer cervical e um sobre as histerectomias; estudo caso-controle retrospectivo, 5,26% (n=1), onde este estudo falou sobre a abordagem ao câncer de endométrio; e estudo prospectivo comparativo, 5,26% (n=1), onde falou sobre as histerectomias. Conclusão: Os estudos avaliados envolvendo cirurgia minimamente invasiva em ginecologia demonstraram inúmeros benefícios dessa abordagem. Entre eles, destacam-se menores complicações no peri e pós-operatório, menor tempo de internação hospitalar e re-intervenções, além de menores taxas de transfusão sanguínea e de tromboembolismo venoso relacionado à cirurgia. No entanto, a videolaparoscopia e a cirurgia robótica ainda são procedimentos de custo elevado, tornando limitante o acesso de populações com condição socioeconômica mais baixas, a esse procedimento. Como também, verifica-se que há pouca evidência justificando uma indicação segura dessa abordagem dentro da ginecologia oncológica, demandando mais estudos nessa área.
Salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings: Role of indoleamines in stress alleviation
Authors: Shukla Mukund R. , Bajwa Vikramjit S. , Freixas-Coutin Jose A. , Saxena Praveen K
Published: January 2021

Salinity is a major environmental stress in agriculture with significantly detrimental effects on crop productivity. The development of strategies to enhance salinity stress tolerance in plants is essential to ensure crop production in saline environments. Melatonin (Mel) and serotonin (Ser) accumulate in response to environmental stresses and are presumed to play protective roles and improve growth of tissues during recovery. In this study, the effects of Mel and Ser were investigated in Arabidopsis under NaCl stress. Exogenous Mel (10 µM) and Ser (10 µM) treatment significantly increased fresh weight, lateral root number, and shoot height in A. thaliana seedlings exposed to NaCl stress (25 mM and 50 mM) compared to the non-treated control seedlings. In order to understand the role of these indoleamines in alleviating salt stress, we investigated the effects of Mel and Ser treatments on the expression of salt stress responsive genes including, transcription factors involved in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway, ABA-INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3)and ABA-INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5); ABA responsive gene, RESPONSIVE TO DESSICATION 29B (RD29B), ABA-independent gene, RESPONSIVE TO DESSICATION 29A (RD29A) and Arabidopsis trithorax-like gene (ATX1) which function in stress responses via ABA-dependent and ABA-independent manner. Other genes included, ROS-signaling transcription factor ZAT10 and ZAT12, and the genes encoding ion transporters crucial for maintaining ion homeostasis, HIGH AFFINITY K+ TRANSPORTER 5 (HAK5) and SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE 1 (SOS1). Mel (10 µM) pre-treatment for 24 hrs followed by 50 mM salt treatment up-regulated ABI3, RD29B, ZAT12 and HAK5. The Ser (10 µM) pre-treatment significantly up-regulated ZAT12.These results indicate that indoleamine pre-treatment improved plant growth under salt stress with Mel facilitating salt tolerance via upregulation of ABA responsive genes, mediation of antioxidant defense systems to counteract the salt-induced ROS overproduction as well as controlling ion homeostasis. Although Ser displayed no significant effects on ABA signaling, it was found to increase the expression of antioxidant defense gene, ZAT12. This study demonstrates the importance of indoleamine pathway in mediation of salt stress response and provides the first indication of the involvement of Ser in salt stress tolerance.
A potential protection of melatonin on pathogenesis of oral sub-mucous fibrosis (OSMF) : a current update
Authors: Balaji Thodur M Madapusi , Varadarajan Saranya , Bandyopadhyay Debasish , Jagannathan Raghunathan , Patil Shankargouda , Raj Thirumal
Published: January 2021

Oral submucous fibrosisis (OSMF) is a clinical condition of the oral cavity which is caused predominantly by areca nut consumption. This fibrotic condition affects almost all parts of the oral cavity and can cause significant reduction in mouth opening, thereby, resulting in functional impairment. The other potential risk of OSMF is its malignant transformation into oral squamous cell carcinoma, which occurs in a significant number of afflicted patients. Extensive researches have been conducted to understand the pathogenesis of OSMF for identification of tangible therapeutic modalities. To date, there is no effective therapeutic modality for this disorder. It is well known that melatonin has a potent anti-fibrotic, anti-oxidant, and pro-angiogenic effects. The therapeutic potential of melatonin on OSM cannot be ignored. In this article we have explored the potential mechanisms of melatonin as an adjuvant in the prevention and treatment  of OSMF.
Kualitas Produk Dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Loyalitas Konsumen
Authors: Riskiawan Febry , Agung Syahrum , Kuraesin Hj. Ecin
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini akan membahas seberapa besar pengaruh kualitas produk dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap loyalitas konsumen pada Makaroni Ngehe Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey dengan menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari kuesioner dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 90 responden. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, mendapatkan kesimpulan hasil bahwa adanya pengaruh yang signifikan antara masing masing variabel. Kedua variabel bebas (X1,X2) tersebut saling mempengaruhi terhadap variabel terikat Y. Diperoleh koefisien korelasi (r) antara kualitas produk dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap loyalitas konsumen sebesar 0,760, hasil ini menunjukan bahwa
terdapat pengaruh yang positif antara variabel Kualitas Produk (X1) dan variabel Kualitas Pelayanan (X2) terhadap variabel loyalitas konsumen (Y). Hal ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif antara nilai r nya positif 0,760 dengan R2 56,9%. Analisis menggunakan uji F, menunjukan F hitung 59,646 > F tabel 3,10 sehingga Ha diterima dan itu berarti bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara kualitas produk dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap loyalitas konsumen pada Makaroni Ngehe Bogor.
Kecerdasan Emosional Dan Kecerdasan Spiritual Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan
Authors: Mekhelluloh Mekhelluloh , Agung Syahrum , Rinda Rachmatullaily Tina Kartika
Published: January 2021

Tujuan pene;litian ini adalah untuk mengetahu kecerdasan emoisional dan kecerdasan spriritual terhadap kinerja karyawan. Uji Validitas Analisis Hubungan Antara Kecerdasan emosional (X1), Kecerdasan Spiritual (X2) dan Kinerja karyawan (Y)Analisis KorelasiR = 0,371 terletak pada interval 0,20 � 0,39 (Rendah), hal ini menunjukan bahwa hubungan antara variabel Kecerdasan Emosional (X1) dan Kecerdasan Spiritual (X2) terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Y) adalah Rendah dan positif. Berarti apabila X1 dan X2 naik maka Y juga naik. Analisis Regresi Berganda Y= 49,379 + 0.33X1 +596X2 Nilai constant (Y) sebesar 49,379 artinya jika variabel Kinerja Karyawan dan Kecerdasan Emosional bernilai 0 (nol), maka nilai variabel kinerja karyawan (Y) akan berada pada angka 49,379.Koefisien regresi X1 (Kecerdasan Emosional) dari perhitungan nilai berganda didapat nilai coefficients sebesar 0,033 yang artinya jika Kecerdasan Emosional mengalami kenaikan sebesar 1 maka volume Kinerja Karyawan akan mengalami kenaikan sebesar 0,033. Dan karena koefisiennya bernilai positif maka terdapat hubungan yang positif antara Kecerdasan Emosional dengan Kinerja Karyawan.Koefisien regresi X2 (Kecerdasan Spiritual) dari perhitungan nilai berganda didapat nilai coefficients sebesar 0,596 yang artinya jika kecerdasan Emosional mengalami kenaikan sebesar 1 maka volume kinerja karyawan akan mengalami kenaikan sebesar 0,596. Dan karena koefisiennya bernilai positif maka terdapat hubungan yang positif antara Kecerdasan Spiritual dengan Kinerja Karyawan.
Sales Promotion Dan Harga Terhadap Volume Penjualan
Authors: Fauziah Uul Ulfah , Eldine Achyar , Sume Syahlan A
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui Pengaruh Sales Promotion dan Harga Terhadap Volune Penjualan Pada PT Telkom (Studi Kasus Produk IndiHome) Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diolah dengan bantuan program SPSS 18. Data diperoleh dari perusahaan PT Telkom. Teknis analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji analisis regresi, analisis korelasi, analisis determinasi, uji T dan uji 146 F. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari Sales Promotion. Untuk Harga juga menunjukan bahwa terdapat Bpengaruh dan signifikan dikarenakan ketika harga naik volume penjualan akan menurun dan sebaliknya ketika harga menururn penjualan akan naik. Dari hasil pengelolaan data diperoleh persamaan linier rergresi berganda Y = 174140,131 + 000 + (-488,168) X2. Hasil perhitungan R = 1,000 terletak pada interval (0,80-1,000) atau Positif dan sangat Kuat. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa hubungan antara Variabel X1 (Sales Promotion) dan Variabel X2 (Harga) terhadap Variabel Y (Volume Penjualan) adalah Positif dan Sangat Kuat. Selanjutnya dari hasil uji Hipotesis pada taraf kesalah 5% adalah Fhitung 9839,559 > ftabel = 19,0 maka Ho di tolah (Ha di terima). berarti bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara Sales Promotion dan Harga secara bersama-sama terhadap Volume Penjualan.
Pemberian Pinjaman Terhadap Shu (Sisa Hasil Usaha) Pada Koperasi Simpan Pinjam
Authors: Alarsy Alfi Arrahman , Suharti Titing , Yudhawati Diah
Published: January 2021

Dalam dunia usaha banyak masyarakat untuk memulai usaha membutuhkan dana yang tidak hanya sedikit, maka dari itu koperasi merupakan lembaga keuangan yang bisa membantu masyarakat dalam masalah ekonomi dengan cara mengadakan pemberian pinjama. Pemberian pinjaman ini diharapkan dapat membantu dalam meningkatkan pendapatan. Peran koperasi sangat penting dalam menumbuhkan dan mengembangkan potensi ekonomi rakyat serta mewujudkan kehidupan yang sejahtera. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel Pemberian Pinjaman terhadap SHU (Sisa Hasil Usaha) pada Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Sejahtera Bersama Bogor periode 2011-2017. Populasi sekaligus sampel yaitu Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Sejahtera Bersama Bogor. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang diperoleh secara langsung dari objek penelitian. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Analisis Regresi Sederhana, Analisis Koefisien Korelasi, Koefisien Determinasi dan Uji Hipotesis (Uji t/Uji parsial). Hasil dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa Pemberian Pinjaman tidak ada pengaruh terhadap SHU (Siss Hasil Usaha).
Configuration of Research Culture: Investment, Process, and Norm
Authors:   Cebu Normal University, Olvido Michelle Mae
Published: January 2021

Research is a priority in higher education institutions. Considering that the development of research culture is highly influenced by the paradigm by which institutions operate on, this paper sought to identify the configuration of the research culture. The researcher conducted a narrative inquiry with key informants from seven reputable teacher education institutions in Region VII and coded the interview transcripts with the aid of NVIVO 11.3.2. Using Thematic Analysis (Braun and Clarke, 2006), three overarching themes on the configuration of the research culture, with its corresponding attributes and characteristics, were identified. The results showed that the research culture consists of observable and measurable inputs and outputs that interact in internal and external dynamics that are developmental and systemic, leading to standardized and contextualized practices in a teacher education institution. Therefore, research culture is an investment, a process, and a norm as it is evidence-based, dynamic, and distinct to the academic institution.
Sağlık ve Beslenme Ekonomisi: Diyetisyen ve Maliyet-Yarar Analizi
Authors: Pekcan Ayla Gülden
Published: January 2021

Beslenme ve sağlık ekonomisi sonuçları arası ilişki birey ve toplum düzeyinde önem taşımaktadır. Günümüzde sağlık bakım hizmetleri yüksek mali sınırlılıklar yaşamakta ve eldeki olanaklarla maksimum olası sağlık yararlarının sağlanabilmesi için politika yapıcılar ile sağlık bakım hizmeti sunanlar büyüyen baskı altındadır. Çalışmalar hastalıkların tedavisi için diyetisyen tarafından verilen yüz yüze tıbbi beslenme tedavisinin klinik etkinlikte, maliyet ve yararında önemli iyileşme sağladığını göstermektedir. Beslenme müdahalelerinin ve tıbbi beslenme tedavisinin maliyet ve yararını değerlendirmek üzere ekonomik çerçevenin oluşturulması gelecekte yürütülecek olan araştırmalarda önemli bir alanı oluşturacaktır. Bu derleme yazıda diyetisyen tarafından verilen tıbbi beslenme tedavisinin maliyet ve yararı, klinik etkinliği özetlenecektir.
„Hugblauð hormegðarbikkja“: Um Bósa sögu yngri
Authors: Jóhannesdóttir Þórdís Edda
Published: January 2021

A few manuscripts of Bósa saga from the seventeenth century and later preserve a text that is quite different from the medieval Bósa saga. The two texts are often referred to as the older and younger versions of Bósa saga. This article explores the transmission of Bósa saga and compares the two versions. It is argued that the younger version is in fact a new story, only loosely based on the older version. Most of the characters are the same and some of the plot, but the younger version differs from the older in many ways, and no signs of a textual relationship between the two versions are evident. Some connections between the younger version and rímur and other sagas can be found, but they are vague. Thus, oral culture undoubtedly played a part in the development of the two different Bósa sagas.
Þjóðsögur Magnúsar Grímssonar. Hlutur Magnúsar Grímssonar í upphafi þjóðsagnasöfnunar á 19. öld
Authors: Þorsteinsdóttir Rósa
Published: January 2021

In 1845 Jón Árnason (1819–1888) and Magnús Grímsson (1825–1860) agreed to collect Icelandic folktales and poetry; they published the first printed collection of Icelandic folktales in 1852. They had intended to continue publishing further collections, but their first publication was poorly received, and nothing further came of their work until the German scholar Konrad Maurer came to Iceland in 1858. He encouraged them and promised to find them a publisher in Germany. Magnús died in 1860 so it fell to Jón to complete the project. Some have considered it something of an injustice to Magnús that his name does not appear on the title page of the collection of Icelandic folktales that was published in 1862–1864. This article describes Magnús’s life and work. It then investigates precisely what Magnús’s contribution to the collection of folktales was as well as his role in the publication of Íslenzkar þjóðsögur og æfintýri itself, which has always been associated with Jón Árnason. The article concludes that only about 150 of the over 1,200 items in the folktale collection of 1862–1864 can be traced directly to Magnús’s work. Moreover, Magnús was not very active in the further collection of material inspired by Jón Árnason’s famous letter calling for further collection of tales ("Hugvekja") nor in the preparation of the volumes for publication. Magnús was, however, the first to collect folktales in Iceland in a systematic way in the nineteenth century. Although he did not live long enough or have the time and strength to work in any major way on the first large edition of folktales to be published in Icelandic, he must be considered a trailblazer in this work.
Timur, ‘The Wrath of God’. An Unknown Source of Oddverjaannáll and the Vindication of a Tyrant in Ambáles saga and Ambáles rímur
Authors: Lavender Philip
Published: January 2021

Timur was a renowned Central Asian conqueror who fascinated Early Modern writers, and this article takes up the question of the source of the description of him found in Oddverjaannáll. Robert Cook, in an article from 1985, suggested several possible candidates. These are analysed and a new candidate is proposed, that being Sebastian Franck’s Chronica, Zeitbuch und Geschichtsbibell (1531). Following this, an example is given of how such historiographical material came to be used in saga- and rímur-literature of the seventeenth century, namely in Ambáles saga and Ambáles rímur. These works adapt the well-known story of Hamlet, but have him sent to Timur (Tamerláus) instead of to the King of Britain. An analysis is made of how the representation of Timur in these works (in particular in the witness AM 521 c 4to) functions as a kind of vindication of the earlier gruesome accounts of Timur the tyrant. Moreover, an attempt is made to explain how such a vindication would have been welcome in an Iceland reeling from the recent Tyrkjarán.
Gísli Súrsson as Egða andspillir. An Obscure Kenning and its Implications for Tribal Identities in Tenth-Century Iceland
Authors: Myrvoll Klaus Johan
Published: January 2021

Gísla saga súrssonar (thirteenth century) is famous for the tragic destiny of its main character, the Norwegian settler and outlaw Gísli Súrsson, a destiny that to some extent is predicted by the many dream stanzas Gísli utters in the saga. In one of these stanzas, Gísli refers to himself as Egða andspillir ‘confidant of the Egðir’, i.e. the people of the Norwegian region of Agder. This kenning has puzzled skaldic scholars and editors of Gísla saga, and no satisfactory explanation has so far been proposed. In the present article, this kenning is explained as a við(r)kenning, that is, a description in terms of a person’s attributes, which is based on factual knowledge about the person involved. I evaluate the stanza as authentic, and so implying that Gísli actually was the friend of people in Iceland in the tenth century who could be called Egðir. I show that these Egðir most likely were members of the family of Ingjaldr in Hergilsey, who according to the saga hid Gísli from his enemies for three years, and whom Gísli mentions in one of his other stanzas. Landnámabók tells us that Ingjaldr’s paternal grandfather came to Iceland from Agder together with the chieftain Geirmundr heljarskinn, and that Geirmundr and his men had to flee from Norway because of the new centralized rule of Haraldr hárfagri. The story about Haraldr’s ofríki (‘harsh rule’) is probably exaggerated in the Icelandic tradition, but there is support in the sources for the hypothesis that a retinue of men who lost against Haraldr in the battle of Hafrsfjord (ca. 900) left Agder for Iceland. The fact that Ingjaldr and his family could be considered Egðir two generations and more than sixty years after they had left Agder calls for an explanation. This article argues that the special background of these families in a lost kingdom of Agder may have contributed to strengthening their identity as a special group of people in the recently populated Iceland.
Peyronie’s Disease: Management and New Therapeutic Acquisitions
Authors: Bitton Alain
Published: January 2021

Peyronie’s disease is a condition known for a long time but which has long been stigmatized as a malformation, misunderstood and generating shame and embarrassment on the part of patients. Because of its multifactorial aspect and its association with certain metabolic diseases, the treatment for many years consisted of a simple observation, the prescription of vitamin E or other anti-inflammatory or vasodilator molecules. We present here a new acquisition thanks to the application of linear shock waves, a promising and quite interesting element in the therapeutic arsenal. This technique, especially when coupled with the use of PDE-5 inhibitors and electroporation should make it possible to treat and improve not only punctually the fibrous nodule by improving the elasticity of the tissues concerned, but also of activate the circulation of the cavernous bodies of the penis thus improving erectile function allowing to give hope to many patients who are desperately seeking a solution to their problem.
Evaluación de la carga y fatiga mental en docentes por teletrabajo a causa del COVID-19
Authors: Terán Villacís Danilo Andrés , Córdova Suárez Manolo Alexander , Muquinche Puca Juan Pablo , Gordón Villalba Paulina del Roció
Published: January 2021

Introducción: Se realizó un estudio de carga mental a 103 docentes de distintas universidades del centro del Ecuador utilizando para esto el método NASA-Task Load Index (LTX), en el estudio se cuantificó la exigencia mental, física, temporal, esfuerzo, rendimiento y el nivel de frustración a diferentes grupos de edades, para detectar el factor de riesgo psicosocial y incidencia en la  fatiga normal y fatiga crónica. Métodos: Se utilizó una muestra de 103 docentes universitarios divididos en 9 segmentos de edades y de distintas instituciones educativas de la zona centro del Ecuador que ejecutan actividades de enseñanza aprendizaje en modalidad de teletrabajo. Primero  se les aplicó una encuesta según el método NASA-Task Load Index (LTX) para cuantificar los 6 factores o dimensiones que considera el método. Luego se aplicó un cuestionario de salud relacionado a la carga mental simple y crónica. Esta investigación se efectuó en dos fases, la primera de ponderación y la segunda de puntuación. Resultados: La aplicación del método NASA LTX logró detectar que la mayor afectación por carga  mental está en el grupo de edad de: 55  59 años con un puntaje de 1250, luego los de 40 a 44 años con un valor de 1020 y los de 50 a 54 años con un valor de 1010, luego siguen los demás grupos con valores menores de 100. El valor de fatiga mental determina valores del100% de afectación al grupo de 35 a 39 años de edad y 50 a 54 años un 87,5 % de afectación al grupo de 40 a 44 años de edad, los demás grupos presentan valores menos del 75% de afectación por molestias de fatiga mental. Todos los grupos presentan molestias de fatiga simple y crónica. Conclusión: Los resultados identifican como grupo más afectado por carga y fatiga  mental a docentes que superan los 39 años de edad por actividades de teletrabajo. Por otro lado la afectación  por fatiga mental simple y crónica es proporcional y afecta significativamente a todos los grupos
Estrategia de desarrollo endógeno: una propuesta para comunidades ecuatorianas
Authors: Quito Cortez Segundo Martin , Flores Aguilera Dorian Damián , Castillo Ortega Yonimiler
Published: January 2021

Introducción. El desarrollo endógeno y exógeno de un territorio se refiere al mecanismo de su desarrollo económico interno y externo, respectivamente. Varios estudios aseguran que existe un potencial elevado enfocado el desarrollo de los territorios rurales inmersos en un esquema de transformación de su orientación productiva, especialmente en lugares existen lineamientos políticos que apoyen al empleo y a la educación, y enfatizan en el desarrollo endógeno como una estrategia viable para el desarrollo rural. Objetivo. Desarrollar una estrategia de implementación de un proceso de desarrollo territorial basado en los principios endógenos que permita a los gobiernos locales y sus comunidades determinar un plan de acción con líneas de trabajo definidas en un proceso de desarrollo de carácter participativo y con un enfoque integral. Metodología. La investigación es de tipo analítica, descriptiva, y lógico-deductiva de tipo no experimental; la propuesta es sometida a un proceso de validación aplicando el método Delphi de juicio de expertos en el área de desarrollo y planificación rural. Resultado. Como resultado se dispone de una estrategia denominada DAPDEP (Diagnostico – Actores involucrados – Políticas comunitarias - DEsarrollo humano y cultural – Plan de acción, validada para su aplicación en el sector rural ecuatoriano. Conclusión. La estrategia DAPDEP propuesta, tiene una valoración adecuada para su implementación, en un promedio de 86% los expertos validan la guía y en un 85% recomiendan su aplicación en los sectores rurales del Ecuador, cumpliendo el objetivo de la investigación y respondiendo favorablemente a la pregunta de investigación planteada.
INVENTARISASI DAN KARAKTERISASI PLASMA NUTFAH PERTANAMAN UBI JALAR (Ipomoea batatas L.) DI PULAU LOMBOK
Authors: Sumarjan Sumarjan , Ujianto Lestari , Darma Agung Bagus
Published: January 2021

Lombok Island as an area that still has a high level of food insecurity is deemed necessary to develop tuber crops such as sweet potatoes, this is to support the diversity of existing food sources. This study aims to determine: 1) sweet potato germplasm cultivated on Lombok Island; and 2) the characteristics of sweet potato germplasm on Lombok Island. This research uses a descriptive method. Inventarization is carried out by the exploration method, and using cluster analysis which is then displayed in the form of a phenogram. The results showed: 1) obtained 17 accessions of sweet potato plants spread in 4 districts of Lombok Island; 2) the accessions found consisted of accessions of Sweet Potato KLU, Honey KLU, Purple 04 KLU, Orange Lobar, White Lobar, Purple 01 Lobar, Purple 02 Lobar, Purple 03 Lobar, Ornamental Attic, Attic Yellow, Attic White, Purple 01 Attic, Purple 02 Attic, Honey Lotim, Sokan Lotim, Purple 05 Lotim, and Purple 06 Lotim; 3) the cause of the differences in the characteristics of all observed accessions is genetic factors that are supported by different growing environmental conditions. In the accession of Sweet Potato Beduk KLU and Sokan Lotim are local varieties of sweet potato from Lombok Island, so it needs to be developed to maintain local superior sweet potato varieties from Lombok Island.
Pengembangan Handout Mikrobiologi Berdasarkan Hasil Penelitian Antagonisme Kapang Antagonis terhadap Kapang Patogen pada Tanaman Buah Naga (Hylocereus sp.)
Authors: Tanama Aziz , Hastuti Utami Sri , Gofur Abdul
Published: January 2021

This research aims to produce teaching materials in the form of valid and practical Microbiology handouts based on the research "Antagonism of Antagonistic Fungi against Pathogenic Fungi". This type of research is development research. This development research was carried out by following the instructional design stages with the ADDIE approach, which consisted of 5 stages, namely: Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate. The data on the feasibility of handout teaching materials were obtained from the results of validation by microbiology material experts and teaching materials expert. While the handout readability test was conducted by respondent students of the Undergraduate Biology Education Study Program, FKIP, University of Muhammadiyah Malang. The results showed that the percentage of eligibility of handout material by material expert validators was 96.52% with very valid criteria with little improvement. The percentage of feasibility of handouts by teaching materials expert is 100% with very valid criteria. The percentage of readability test by respondent students was 90.10% with very high readability criteria. The results of this study indicate that the handout teaching material is very feasible and practical to be used by students / lecturers in microbiology learning activities on the material "Antagonism of Antagonistic Fungi against Pathogenic Fungi in Plants".
Pengembangan Handout Berbasis Hasil Penelitian Daya Antagonisme Kapang Antagonis dan Kapang Patogen pada Tanaman Tomat
Authors: Istia’nah Dina , Hastuti Utami Sri , Gofur Abdul
Published: January 2021

This study aims to produce valid and practical handouts for use in the learning process. This research was conducted in March-May 2020. The development model used is the ADDIE model, which consists of Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate stages. Handout material is based on the results of research that has been carried out. The subject of the handout trial included a validator of Microbiology material experts, an expert validator of learning media, and a legibility test by 30 students of the Undergraduate Biology Education Study Program, FMIPA, State University of Malang who had taken the Microbiology course to assess the practicality of the handouts. Data collection techniques through distributing questionnaires and interviews. The data collection instruments were in the form of a validation sheet and a legibility test sheet containing handout assessment indicators. The results showed that, the Microbiology handout had a validation score of 98.25% from experts in Microbiology, and a validation score of 99.5% from instructional media experts with very valid criteria. While the readability test results by students obtained a score of 87.18% with very practical criteria. Based on the results of this assessment, it can be concluded that the handout "Antagonistic Power between Antagonistic Fungi and Pathogenic Fungi in Tomato Plants (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)" Is declared valid and practical to be used as microbiology teaching materials.
Potensi Pengembangan Ekowisata Berbasis Masyarakat di Kawasan Hutan Selelos Kabupaten Lombok Utara
Authors: Kuswara R. Didi , Nurmiati Nurmiati
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of natural and cultural resources, to know the perceptions, participation and aspirations of the community and to develop a community-based ecotourism development strategy in Selelos Village, Gangga District, North Lombok Regency. This type of research is a descriptive qualitative case study and exploratory descriptive to find the potential in the form of biodiversity in the Selelos forest area. Data collection was carried out by observing the biodiversity in it, testing water quality, and using a questionnaire to 50 community respondents and 7 respondents from the village government. The results showed that Selelos Village has a forest area ecosystem that holds several potentials to be developed into ecotourism, including: waterfalls, springs, customary forests, and plantations (agro-tourism). In addition, it has a diversity of flora and fauna, there are about 13 high-level plant families with many species in it, as well as about 5 families of fauna and there are also endemic animals such as partridge and deer (senggah). Of the four springs quality tested, all of them are suitable as raw material for drinking water. Meanwhile, based on the questionnaire analysis, the community and village government will work together in developing and managing ecotourism. Based on the SWOT analysis, the strategy used in developing ecotourism is to take advantage of the strengths of opportunity (S-O), among others; mapping the potential of ecotourism, developing special ecotourism such as agro-tourism, synergizing ecotourism with local culture and customs, equipping, providing facilities and infrastructure, and improving human resources.
Implementasi Flipped Classroom pada Materi Whole Mount (Asetolisis Polen dan Spora) untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Mahasiswa
Authors: Susilawati Puspita Ratna
Published: January 2021

The implementation of the flipped classroom model was one of the efforts to prepare quality human resources and master the skills of the 21st century. Face-to-face activities that were more of an analysis, evaluating, and creating in a flipped classroom could train critical thinking skills and had a direct impact on students' understanding. The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of the flipped classroom model and its effect on students' understanding of the whole mount material (pollen and spore acetolysis) in microtechnique courses. This research was a quasi-experiment with nonequivalent control group design. The independent variable was the flipped classroom model, while the dependent variable was student understanding. Test (pretest and posttest) was used as data collection techniques. Data analysis was performed by calculating the N-gain then t-test. The learning design was divided into pre-class, in-class, and post-class stages. The in-class stage is designed using the practicum method. The results showed that the percentage of students with high and moderate N-gain categories in the control group was 43.76%, while in the treatment group was higher, namely 64.87%. The implementation of a flipped classroom could improve student understanding of lecture material.