bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Thermal Insulation Materials from Waste of Mechanical Processing of Wood
Authors: Lukash A.A. , Lukutsova N.P. , Chernyshev O.N. , Gornostaeva E.Yu.
Published: March 2023

The article describes the conditions for obtaining new thermal insulation materials from the waste of mechanical processing of soft hardwood wood. The recommendations for the production of new resource-saving technologies of gypsum-wood and chip-and-glue composites are justified, which makes it possible to dispose of waste from the processing of soft hardwood wood. It was found that the birch pulp extract, along with cellulose and lignin, contains d-erythrosis, which is easily washed out of the wood with water or a solution of "mineralizer" and gets into the cement dough, which leads to a slowdown in hardening and a decrease in compressive strength. It is shown that the existing technological processes for eliminating the negative influence of saccharides on the strength of wood aggregate composites are complex, requiring multi-stage treatment of the aggregate with various chemicals or long-term exposure. A method based on the use of binders that do not interact with extractable substances, such as gypsum or urea-formaldehyde glue, is proposed. By scanning electron microscopy, it was found that the structure of the gypsum-wood composite varies depending on the sequence of input components. The nature of the effect of microcrystalline cotton cellulose on the change in the physical and mechanical properties of the gypsum-particle composite using cavitation-treated sawdust was revealed and its optimal dosage was determined. The regression dependences of the influence of the consumption of wood chips and glue on the compressive strength of the chip-and-glue composite were obtained by the experimental planning method.
Optimization of the Manufacturing Process of Sintered Fe-Mn-Cr-Mo-C Steels Using ANOVA
Authors: Sulowski Maciej , Matusiewicz Piotr , Kij Piotr
Published: March 2023

The subject of the research was to optimize the manufacturing process and heat treatment of sintered Fe-Mn-Cr-Mo-C steels in order to improve the strength properties. It can be concluded that the performed chemical composition, sintering temperature and the heat treatment have the greatest impact on the value of these properties. The sintering atmosphere has the smallest effect on the obtained properties. Increasing the sintering temperature, as well as carrying out additional heat treatment after the sintering process, increases the value of all of the analyzed properties. The optimization of the manufacturing process of the tested materials was carried out for each analyzed strength parameter separately and for all strength parameters together. The aim of the optimization was to determine the setting of the sintering process parameter levels that would allow to obtain the maximum values of the analyzed mechanical properties.
Effect of Temperature on Dynamic Characteristics of Carbon - Kevlar Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Raviteja D. , Kamesh V.V. , Kunar Sandip
Published: March 2023

For the purpose of this investigation, carbon and Kevlar fiber-reinforced plastics were subjected to dynamic testing. Carbon-Kevlar fibers are included into the LY 556 resin and AR 951 hardener. Fiber makes for 40% of the study's total weight. The carbon and Kevlar composites were created by hand lay-up. The orientation considered in this research is 0/0 and 0/90 for both carbon and Kevlar composites. Advanced characterizations such as TMA and DMA has been integrated in this research. By using DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer) and the thermomechanical Analyzer (TMA), the dynamic properties were acquired. ASTM E756 was used to conduct the tests. Composite heating at room temperature to 1200 C was the temperature variable under investigation. The studies were conducted on TMA and DMA with a force of 0.002N, respectively. DMA uses a three-point bending loading design for its samples. Temperature affects the dimensions, storage modulus, loss modulus, and tan delta.
Effect of Rare-Earth Doping on Dynamic Magnetic Properties of FeGa Alloy
Authors: Milyutin Vasily , Birčáková Zuzana , Fáberová Mária , Bureš Radovan , Kollár Peter , Füzer Ján
Published: March 2023

The magnetization process at elevated frequencies (up to 15 kHz) of ring-shaped binary Fe81Ga19 alloy was studied. Frequency and magnetic field dependences of coercive field and remanent induction were analyzed. Hysteresis loops and initial permeability were studied at low (200 Hz) and high (15 kHz) frequencies. The same measurements were made for FeGaRE alloys to establish the effect of rare-earth elements on dynamic magnetic properties.
Optimization of Mechanical Performance for 3D Printed Kevlar and Carbon Fiber Composites
Authors: Tallam Anirudh , Bollu Satyanarayana , Narayan Yeole Shivraj , Kode Jaya Prakash
Published: March 2023

Kevlar is commercial brand of fibers supporting para-aramids of light weight for major part of composite. It is applicable in robotics and automobile sectors where parts need to possess high tensile strength and excellent fatigue resistance. Carbon fibers are processed by thermal conversion of organic fiber with low Carbon content such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN) which contain around thousands of filaments. In the current work, samples are produced through Mark Two 3D printer and subjected under investigation for improving mechanical performance in evaluating tensile, flexural and impact behavior as per ASTM Standards. The differentiation is presented by finding the error between experiment and simulation results.
Constitutive Law of Rectangular Concrete with Carbon Fiber Sheet Confinement
Authors: Kazuhiro Hayashi
Published: March 2023

This paper investigates the stress-strain relationship of a rectangular cross-section concrete element reinforced with Carbon fiber Sheet (CFS). In order to verify the confinement effect of the carbon fiber sheet over the concrete, an experiment was conducted using concrete elements with CFS by changing the ratio of side length of the cross section, the ratio of the height to the short side and the amount of CFS layers. In total, 16 concrete specimens were tested under compressive monotonic loading. In the experiment, the compressive strength decreases, and the ultimate strain increases as the ratio of side length increases. Furthermore, we proposed an evaluation formula for a rectangular cross-section concrete element reinforced with CFS. The proposed formula corresponds well to the experimental results.
Failure Analysis in a Multilayerd Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composite Plates under Flexural Loading
Authors: Veerappan Balasubramani , Gokulraju K.L. , Sreenivas S. , Nagarajan K.J.
Published: March 2023

The usage of laminated glass fiber reinforced polyester composites in aerospace applications helps to reduce overall weight of the aerospace structures. The flexural strength of the laminated glass fiber reinforced composites becomes more important when they are employing for aeroplane wings. In this work, a laminated glass fiber polyester composite with two distinct sets of six different woven lamina stacking sequences is manufactured via hand layup technique. The effect of stacking sequence over the total ply failure load are investigated through universal testing machine. Finally, the progressive failure of the lamina in composites is also examined using ANSYS software.
Metallography of Fractured Aluminium Alloys for the Transmission System ́s Elements
Authors: Kreislova Katerina , Turek Libor
Published: March 2023

The metallography was used for evaluation of fractured elements from different aluminium alloys´ elements applied in Czech transmission system. Although the fractured elements were produced from different aluminium alloys (hypereutectic Al-18%Si, AlSi10Mg, Al0,7MgSi) the main reason of fractures was very similar for all of them – the low quality of casting, inhomogeneous structure and composition of matrix. These analyses were performed on fracture surfaces and on reference matrix. Typical defect evident on fractured areas was dark stains. In some cases, the quartz concentration was ca twice into comparison with standards composition and reference matrix.
Direct Production of Tin Bronzes from Copper and Cassiterite
Authors: Haubner Roland , Strobl Susanne
Published: March 2023

In the Bronze Age several possibilities for tin bronze production were available, namely direct from copper and cassiterite ore or by alloying copper with metallic tin. Cassiterite ores from two sources, Cornwall and Schlaggenwald, were available. It has to be noted that cassiterite from Schlaggenwald contained about 25 wt. % WO3, presumably as wolframite. For the experiments, copper was melted at 1090 °C, covered with charcoal and then cassiterite and again charcoal was added. As is known from Sn smelting, the presence of tungsten reduces the yield of Sn. Thus, in our experiments the Sn content in the bronze was reduced. It can be confirmed by these experiments that the direct production of tin bronzes from copper and cassiterite ore is possible. In the Bronze Age the negative effect of tungsten should not have played a role, because at that time only the cassiterite deposits of Cornwall were known in Europe.
Virtual and Augmented Reality for Training and Maintenance of a Multiparameter Monitor
Authors: Lozada Katya , Quiroz Nixon , Oñate William , Caiza Gustavo
Published: March 2023

Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have experienced a significant boom in recent years regarding their features and utility. They have become reliable tools that are applied in different fields and disciplines (medicine, industry, science, teaching, training, and robotics, among others). In the present research work, these technologies are used as tools for the training and maintenance of medical equipment. An application was developed using flexible programming and design software, such as Vuforia, Unity, SolidWorks, Visual Studio, and hardware such as smartphones and the HTC VIVE glasses. Considering the existing need and based on surveys carried out to medical and hospital technical staff, significant results were obtained about the use of AR and VR in the area of medicine. The use of interactive applications enables autonomous training, which may be executed at any time and it is also user-friendly; in addition, it enables achieving reduced maintenance time and improves the process of acquiring abilities, thus releasing resources for other purposes.
Hardness and Wear Behavior of Heat Treated Aluminium Silicon Alloy SiC Particle Reinforced Composite
Authors: Sunitha K. , Gurusami K. , Rajeswari N. , Abhishek S.K. , Naik Pramod , Natso Tosovi
Published: March 2023

The A356 Aluminium Silicon alloy is reinforced with Silica Carbide particles (SiCp) to form metal matrix composite by stir casting method to study the hardness and wear properties. The composites are prepared for weight fraction of 2, 4 and 6% of SiC with the base alloy and their characteristics are observed at post T6 full heat treated condition. The optical microscopic metallography observation shows the rosettes of uniform spheroidal grains of strain free eutectic silicon phase in proeutectic Aluminium matrix after heat treatment. The hardness and wear properties of the A356-SiC composites have increased with the increase in weight percentage of reinforcement particle in the base alloy. Maximum hardness and wear resistance is observed for 6% SiC which is the maximum percentage of inclusion of secondary element considered under this study. A comprehensive discussion is made on the strengthening of the A356 alloy on addition of hard SiC particles that has improved the hardness and wear characteristics of composites in heat treated conditions.
Study of the Properties of Dust from the Production of Prebaked Anodes for its Use as a Reducing Agent in Silicon Smelting
Authors: Nemchinova Nina V. , Tyutrin Andrey A. , Dolgikh Maria N.
Published: March 2023

The production of metallurgical silicon is carried out in ore-thermal furnaces by reducing silica-containing raw materials with a carbon reducing agent, the most reactive of which is expensive and scarce charcoal. For the purpose of possible partial replacement of charcoal in the charge for silicon smelting, we conducted studies on the properties of carbon-containing technogenic raw materials formed in the process of obtaining pre-fired anodes for aluminium production. The object of research was 2 samples of dust from the mixing and pressing compartment: from the aspiration units and from the cleaning of the shop. The characteristics of these samples (carbon content, granulometric composition, humidity) were determined. To activate these carbon materials, ultrahigh-frequency processing was used at various capacities and durations. When studying the reactivity of the dust samples by the method of heteroelement analysis using the Vario MICRO cube analyzer, it was found that a sample of dust from aspiration plants treated with ultrahigh-frequency radiation at a power of 80 W and a duration of 40 min more actively interacts with oxygen to form CO2, which makes it possible to recommend this carbon-containing technogenic material as a reducing agent for smelting metallurgical silicon.
STAT1 Controls the Functionality of Influenza-Primed CD4 T Cells but Therapeutic STAT4 Engagement Maximizes Their Antiviral Impact
Authors: Finn Caroline M , Dhume Kunal , Prokop Emily , Strutt Tara M , McKinstry K Kai
Published: March 2023

It is generally accepted that influenza A virus (IAV) infection promotes a Th1-like CD4 T cell response and that this effector program underlies its protective impact. Canonical Th1 polarization requires cytokine-mediated activation of the transcription factors STAT1 and STAT4 that synergize to maximize the induction of the “master regulator” Th1 transcription factor, T-bet. Here, we determine the individual requirements for these transcription factors in directing the Th1 imprint primed by influenza infection in mice by tracking virus-specific wild-type or T-bet-deficient CD4 T cells in which STAT1 or STAT4 is knocked out. We find that STAT1 is required to protect influenza-primed CD4 T cells from NK cell–mediated deletion and for their expression of hallmark Th1 attributes. STAT1 is also required to prevent type I IFN signals from inhibiting the induction of the Th17 master regulator, Rorγt, in Th17-prone T-bet−/− cells responding to IAV. In contrast, STAT4 expression does not appreciably impact the phenotypic or functional attributes of wild-type or T-bet−/− CD4 T cell responses. However, cytokine-mediated STAT4 activation in virus-specific CD4 T cells enhances their Th1 identity in a T-bet-dependent manner, indicating that influenza infection does not promote maximal Th1 induction. Finally, we show that the T-bet-dependent protective capacity of CD4 T cell effectors against IAV is optimized by engaging both STAT1 and STAT4 during Th1 priming, with important implications for vaccine strategies aiming to generate T cell immunity.
How to write a scoping review? – A comprehensive guide
Authors: Gupta Alpa , Singh Arundeep , Aneja Kritika , Aggarwal Vivek , Wadhwa Jitesh , Abraham Dax
Published: March 2023

Systematic reviews occupy a higher order of hierarchy in the evidence pyramid; however, certain questions are left unanswered since a quantitative synthesis is difficult to achieve when there is limited and heterogeneous data. The scoping reviews thereby play a pivotal role in covering the gap in knowledge acting as a precursor to systematic reviews. They also aid in giving guidance for the scope of future research and the parameters that must be considered in future studies. To the best of our knowledge, limited scoping reviews have been conducted so far which could be attributed to a lack of awareness on what is the aim of scoping reviews and how does it contribute to evidence-based medicine. As a result, the purpose of this article is to highlight how a scoping review should be conducted.
Evaluation of smear layer removal and antimicrobial efficacy of intracanal herbal irrigants
Authors: Manasa Garikina , Kumar Mallela G. Manoj , Nallanchakrava Srinivas , Bala G. Naga Sri , Rao Kakumanu Nageshwar
Published: March 2023

Aim:

To evaluate and compare the efficiency of Triphala, Neem, the combination of Triphala, Neem and 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI) in the removal of smear layer (SL) evaluated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and antimicrobial efficacy against standard culture strains of Enterococcus faecalis.

Methods:

Seventy-five extracted human permanent teeth were divided into Group I control and Group II experimental, which was further subdivided into Group IIA, IIB, IIC, IID with 3% NaOCI, 5% Triphala extract, 7.5% Neem extract, and alternate use of Triphala and Neem and extracts as irrigants, respectively. The microbial sample was streaked on the agar plates to check colony-forming units/ml (CFU’s) after inoculation and incubation at pre- and postirrigation. Teeth that were instrumented, and irrigated were split longitudinally, and examined using SEM under ×400, ×1000 to determine the debris and SL.

Results:

Statistically significant reduction of CFU’s was noted at postirrigation in Sub Group IIA, IIB, IIC, and IID with a mean rank of 31.77, 46.7, 34.53, and 9, respectively. SL removal was significant (P = 0.001), with Group IID exhibiting a lower mean rank, followed by B, C, A, and Group I.

Conclusion:

The antimicrobial effect and SL removal efficacy were maximum for Group IID, which can be considered an effective herbal alternative in endodontic therapies.
Evaluation of the surface characteristics of nickel–titanium rotary instruments after clinical use: An atomic force microscope study
Authors: Jain Namrata , Nagaraja Shruthi , Mathew Sylvia , Jethani Bhawna , Kumari Mohini , Nambiar Sharanya , Sasank Soumya
Published: March 2023

Aim:

This study aimed to compare the surface roughness of two rotary nickel–titanium instrument systems before and after clinical use using atomic force microscope (AFM).

Methods:

Sixteen instruments of two rotary nickel–titanium systems were used in this study. Eight MTwo (VDW, Munich, Germany) instruments and eight Neoendo flex rotary files (Orikam Healthcare, India) were evaluated. New and the used rotary files of the two experimental groups were evaluated. Instruments were analyzed on a point at a 5-mm section from the tip of the instrument. Quantitative measurements according to the topographical deviations were recorded. The data were statistically analyzed with paired t-test and independent samples t-test.

Results:

The mean root mean square (RMS) values for new and used MTwo 25.06 files were 1.23 ± 0.176 nm and 1.58 ± 0.284 nm, respectively, and the difference between them was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean RMS values for new and used NeoEndo Flex Files 25.06 were 0.96 ± 0.34 nm and 1.76 ± 0.414 nm, respectively; the difference between them also was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

According to the AFM analysis, the instruments underwent surface deterioration after clinical use and MTwo had better surface quality than NeoEndo Flex Files.
Oral Manifestations in Patients with Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Limdiwala Piyush G. , Shah Jigna S. , Parikh Shilpa J. , Pillai Jayasankar P.
Published: March 2023

Aim:

To analyze the occurrence and correlation of oral manifestations of patients affected by gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), especially with dental erosion.

Materials and Methods:

With a simple randomization method, a total of 120 patients, GERD-diagnosed patients (group 1, n = 60), based on complaints and reviewed by gastroenterologists through proper history, clinical pictures, and established investigations, and healthy individuals (group 2, n = 60), were enrolled in the study. Oral manifestations such as xerostomia, oral acid/burning sensation, subjective halitosis, dental sensitivity, and dental erosion were evaluated in both groups. The Chi-square test and continuous variables were compared by the Mann–Whitney test and the Kruskal–Wallis test (P value < 0.05, significant).

Results:

The Mann–Whitney U test on the distribution of the gastric complaints between two groups revealed a significant difference in all the variables. A significant difference was found in the distribution of all the oral manifestations except halitosis and dentinal hypersensitivity between both groups. The Chi-square test between the heartburn and dental erosions revealed a significant association (c2 = 293.761, df = 1, P < 0.001), whereas there was no significant association between heartburn and dentinal hypersensitivity.

Conclusion:

GERD and dental erosions had no significant correlation, whereas other oral manifestations and mucosal changes were found significant with GERD.
Central Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma in Mandible
Authors: Francis Massillamani , Arnold Beshia , Natarajan Santana B. , Muthusamy Deivanayagi
Published: March 2023

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignancy of the salivary glands that are extremely infrequent in the jaws and is termed central or Intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Central mucoepidermoid carcinoma (CMEC) is known to affect the middle age group and has a slight female predilection. Most of these carcinomas mimic benign odontogenic lesions and very few present as locally aggressive lesions accompanied by clinical signs such as pain, swelling, movement of teeth, and loss of sensation of the inferior alveolar nerve. We are presenting a rare case of central mucoepidermoid carcinoma in a 66-year-old male patient with uniqueness in its arrival at diagnosis. This case substantiates the importance of collaborated histopathological and radiological investigations in the precise diagnosis of such locally aggressive carcinoma with metastatic potential while emphasizing the subsequent surgical reconstruction and its excellent prognosis.
Comparative Study of Salivary Interleukin–8 (IL-8) in Patients with Oral Cancer, Potentially Malignant Disorders, and Tobacco Users
Authors: Amirthalingam Karthik , Thangavelu Ravikumar Pethagounder , Fenn Saramma Mathew , Mohan Karthik Rajaram
Published: March 2023

Background:

Interleukin 8 (IL-8) or CX-CL8 is a powerful chemoattractant chemokine molecule and an inflammatory and angiogenesis-promoting cytokine, which acts as a biomarker in saliva in patients with tobacco users, oral cancers, and potentially malignant disorders.

Aims and Objective:

To evaluate and compare salivary IL-8 levels in patients with tobacco users, oral cancer, and potentially malignant disorders and healthy individuals using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).

Materials and Method:

Eighty samples were grouped into four sub-groups, with 20 samples in each group: Group I: 20 oral cancer patients; Group II: 20 potentially malignant disorders; Group III: 20 tobacco users; Group IV: 20 control subjects. A sample of unstimulated saliva of 5 mL was collected from the selected individuals based on the exclusion and inclusion criteria. Saliva was centrifuged at 3500 revolutions per minute (rpm), and ELISA for IL-8 was carried out in saliva, stored at –4°C.

Results:

IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows 11, Version 23.0 (Armonk, New York: IBM Corp) software was used for the analysis of data. Using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test for post-hoc analysis, the significant difference in the multi-variate analysis was determined. The mean value of salivary IL-8 levels in Groups I, II, II, and IV was 1055.7, 1074.0, 857.9, and 781.7, respectively. The P value between the groups is 0.77 (p > 0.05), which is statistically not significant.

Conclusion:

This study found that tobacco users have greater salivary IL-8 levels than individuals with potentially malignant diseases and oral malignancies and healthy patients.
Evaluation of Salivary Sialic Acid and Salivary Alpha-L-Fucosidase Levels in Patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis- A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Swatantramath Sunaina , Jangam Daya K. , Talreja Kajol , Bahadure Pranali , Kore Antara
Published: March 2023

Background:

Saliva, a non-invasive diagnostic tool, is used to evaluate sialic acid and Alpha-L-Fucosidase in OSMF. Sialylation and fucosylation are glycosylation changes that mediate vital biological functions. By stabilizing glycoproteins and cellular membranes, sialic acid contributes to the identification and interaction of cells in biological systems. Alpha-L-Fucosidase is an enzyme found in lysosomes and responsible for catalyzing the hydrolytic cleavage of terminal fucose residue.

Aim:

To evaluate and compare salivary Sialic acid and salivary Alpha-L-fucosidase levels in patients with OSMF with age and gender-matched healthy controls and different stages of OSMF.

Materials and Methods:

The study included 30 Patients with clinically diagnosed OSMF and 30 age and gender-matched healthy controls. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected by the spit method. A saliva sample was used to estimate salivary sialic acid and salivary Alpha-L-glucosidase (ELISA) method.

Results:

Salivary Sialic acid and salivary Alpha-L-fucosidase levels were significantly higher (P < 0.001***) in patients with OSMF compared to healthy controls, and the levels gradually increased with an increase in the stages of the OSMF.

Conclusion:

Salivary Sialic acid and salivary Alpha-L-fucosidase in patients with OSMF can be a reliable biomarker for early detection and progression and have prognostic value.
A Preliminary Radiological Study Emphasizing on Anatomic Patterns of Pterygoid Plates Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Annapoorani S. , Christy A. Winnifred , Thambi T. Jones Rajadeva , Mahalakshmi R.
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

This article emphasizes the importance of pterygoid plates (PP) and their anatomical characteristics while adding points about the relation between PP asymmetry and resulting temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD).

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study analyzes 100 Cone Beam Computed Tomography images. Morphometric analysis of the shape, thickness, and angulation of PP and pterygoid fossae (PF) was done. Statistical analysis was performed using Paired t-test and ANOVA.

Results:

Five different shapes of PP were noted, the tapered form was more prevalent (P < 0.01), and the needle form had the least thickness, which is prone to fracture. Three different shapes of PF were noted, namely U, V, W. V shape was more common. Males had increased thickness than females in medial and lateral pterygoid (P = 0.005).

Conclusion:

Owing to their location and relations to their adjacent structures, PP plays a vital role during various surgical procedures. Oral and maxillofacial surgical procedure planning must be done following the evaluation of PP as there is an increased risk of complication due to PP fracture. PP gives attachment to a few muscles and ligaments essential for jaw movements. Any deviation of PP from normal may result in temporomandibular joint disorders.
A Retrospective Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study of the Calcification Pattern, Prevalence, and Morphology of the Elongated Styloid Process
Authors: Sahoo Susil S. , Bajoria Atul A. , Bhuvaneshwari S. , Sangamesh N. C , Mishra Silpiranjan , Pathi Jugajyoti
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

A styloid process (SP) is considered extended if it is longer than 30 millimeters (mm), which falls between the typical range of 20 and 30 mm. Eagle’s syndrome (ES), a disease associated with the styloid process elongation (SPE), was originally recognized by otorhinolaryngologist “Watt Weems Eagle” in 1937.

Aims:

The calcification pattern, prevalence, and morphology of the SPE in a hospital-based population in Bhubaneswar were all objectively assessed in the study using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods and Material:

Radiographic records of 1027 patients have been recovered arbitrarily from the authentic records and assessed. The length of the SP was estimated and characterized by their morphology and calcification design. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25 software. It was deemed statistically significant if the P value ≤ 0.05.

Results:

It was seen that 25.8% of the males had the presence of elongation as compared to 30.1% of females, which is 153 males out of 440, and 131 females out of 304 showed elongated SP.

Conclusion:

The SPE could be a coincidental radiography perception without symptoms. In this study, a substitute for CT or all panoramic radiographs for the estimation and assessment of the SP is the CBCT approach.
Cone Beam-computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Post-operative Bone Healing of Jaw Cysts—A Retrospective Study
Authors: Mathur Hemant , Sharma Sneha R. , Bansal Narendra , Mathur Aditi , Jain Amit , Charan Dhaval
Published: March 2023

Background:

Volumetric measurements are used for evaluating dimensions of bone lesions including periapical pathosis, cysts, and tumours, which help to assess the reduction in cystic volume and treatment outcome.

Aims:

To evaluate the three-dimensional radiographic variation of bone healing over time in jaw cysts after surgical therapy and to check the correlations between these variations.

Materials and Method:

A retrospective study with 25 pre- and post-treatment Cone Beam-Computed Tomography [CBCT] volumes of patients 18–69 years of age from December 2018 to December 2019 to evaluate the healing process in all three dimensions. These included post-treatment Odontogenic Keratocyst at 44% (n = 11); dentigerous cysts at 36% (n = 9) and Periapical cysts at 20% (n = 5). The post-treatment scans were done after a duration of 6 months, and a 6-point Cone Beam-Computed Tomography Peri-Apical Index (CBCTPAI) scale was used for grading the lesions.

Results:

SPSS software version 3; Paired t test and Pearson’s coefficient bivariate analysis were utilized to correlate the dependent and the independent variables with a P value of 0.05. The mean difference between pre- and post-operative cystic volume was 22.976 ± 7.809. The mean and standard deviation (SD) done by CBCTPAI scale was 70.728 ± 11.144 for pre-operative cystic measurement and 3.880 ± 0.489 for post-operative cystic volume, with a statistically significant value. A positive significant correlation was found in dependent and independent variables.

Conclusions:

CBCTPAI helps to assess the reduction in cystic volume and shape of jaw cysts which is essential for immediate and excellent surgical treatment and adequate follow-up.
Effects of cyclosporine on steroid-refractory dry eyes
Authors: Wu Wan-Lin , Chang Shu-Wen
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE:

The purpose is to compare the effects of cyclosporine (CsA) on the steroid-refractory mixed-type dry eye (MTDE) and aqueous deficient dry eye (ADDE).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

We retrospectively enrolled 71 patients with levels 3 and 4 dry eye that were refractory to artificial tears and topical steroids. The effects were analyzed using the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and standard patient evaluation of eye dryness (SPEED) questionnaires, Schirmer test II, blink patterns, lipid layer thickness (LLT), meibomian gland expressibility (MGE) and extent of meibomian gland (MG) dropout (meiboscale).

RESULTS:

MTDE patients (LLT ≤60 nm, n = 38) were younger than those in ADDE (LLT >60 nm, n = 33). Before CsA treatment, they had higher Schirmer scores, less MGE, and a thinner LLT. There was no statistically significant difference in OSDI/SPEED scores between groups. CsA improved the OSDI in the ADDE group but not in the MTDE group. CsA treatment decreased the severity of superficial punctate keratitis (SPK) in both groups, but it significantly decreased partial blinks, total blinks, and partial blink rates in the ADDE group only. CsA did not increase the Schirmer score, LLT, MGE, or meiboscale grade in both groups. CsA could significantly improve subjective symptoms, SPK, and blink patterns in dry eyes refractory to topical steroids, which were more pronounced in ADDE than in MTDE.

CONCLUSION:

In MTDE cases, concurrent MG treatment modalities, such as intense pulse light and/or thermal pulsation, could be considered to maximize the effects of CsA treatment.
Hybrid Detection and Mitigation of DNS Protocol MITM attack based on Firefly algorithm with Elliptical Curve Cryptography
Authors: A. Sabitha Banu. , Padmavathi G.
Published: March 2023

A Domain Name Server is a critical Internet component. It enables users to surf the web and send emails. DNS is a database used by millions of computers to determine which address best answers a user’s query. DNS is an unencrypted protocol that may be exploited in numerous ways. The most popular DNS MITM attack uses DNS poisoning to intercept communications and fake them. DNS servers do not verify the IP addresses they forward traffic to. In DNS attacks, the attacker either targets the domain name servers or attempts to exploit system weaknesses. The Proposed FFOBLA-ECC model detects the DNS Spoofed nodes in a wireless network using the optimized firefly boosted LSTM with the help of TTL and RTR parameters received from the simulation environment and provides authentication between the nodes in order to mitigate it using the Elliptical curve cryptography. The proposed model results are different from the other methods and yield highly accurate results beyond 98% compared with the existing RF, ARF, and KNN methods.
Connections for General Use and Fluid Power Ports and Stud Ends with ASME B1.1 Threads and O-Ring Sealing - Part 2: Heavy-Duty (S Series) Stud Ends
Authors:   Hydraulic Tube Fittings Committee
Published: March 2023

This part of SAE J1926 specifies dimensions, performance requirements, and test procedures for adjustable and nonadjustable heavy-duty (S series) stud ends with ASME B1.1 threads for use in fluid power and general applications.

Stud ends in accordance with this part of SAE J1926 may be used at working pressures up to 63 MPa for nonadjustable stud ends and up to 41.3 MPa for adjustable stud ends. The permissible working pressure depends upon materials, design, working conditions, application, etc.

For threaded ports and stud ends specified in new designs for hydraulic fluid power applications, only ISO 6149 shall be used. Threaded ports and stud ends in accordance with ISO 1179, ISO 9974, and ISO 11926 shall not be used for new design in hydraulic fluid power applications.

Conformance to the dimensional information does not guarantee rated performance. Each manufacturer shall perform testing according to the specification contained in this document to ensure that components made to this document comply with the performance rating.

Appendices A and B of this document are informative.
Road Load Tire Model Validation Procedures for Dynamic Behavior
Authors:   Vehicle Dynamics Standards Committee
Published: March 2023

This SAE Recommended Practice describes an evaluation procedure for validating tire models for use in road load simulations and assesses the relevant dynamic behavior of tires.

The laboratory test utilized is a “cleat” test, where a rolling tire on a drum encounters a cleat and the resulting dynamic forces and moments are measured. This test is described in SAE J2730, “Dynamic Cleat Test with Perpendicular and Inclined Cleats”. The test is commonly used to identify tire model parameters.

In this recommended practice, requirements for the measurement of the tire’s response are described along with data processing techniques and calculations used to quantitatively compare the tire model’s calculated response to the tire’s response measured on test. This recommended practice addresses both the tire model structure and its parameters.
Hydraulic Flange Tube, Pipe, and Hose Connections Four-Screw Flange Connection - Part 1: 3.5 to 35 MPa (Code 61)
Authors:   Hydraulic Hose and Hose Fittings Committee, null null
Published: March 2023

This SAE Standard covers general and dimensional specifications for the Code 61 metric (Type 1) and inch (Type 2) flanged heads, flange clamps (FC and FCM), and split flange clamps (FCS and FCSM) applicable to four-screw flange type tube, pipe, and hose connections. Also included are the recommended port dimensions and port design considerations. Type 2 (inch) flange clamps and split flanges are not for new design.

The flanged heads specified are incorporated into fittings having suitable means for attachment of tubes, pipes, or hoses to provide connection ends. These connections are intended for application in hydraulic systems, on industrial and commercial products, where it is desired to avoid the use of threaded connections.

The rated working pressure of an assembly shall not exceed the least of all the component working pressure rated values.

The following general specifications supplement the dimensional data contained in the tables with respect to all unspecified detail. Parts manufactured to this standard are interchangeable with ISO 6162-1 and connectors to either standard can be supplied.
Phenotypic polymorphism of African bony tongue fish Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier, 1829) in Cameroon rainforest region
Authors: Djouatsa Juvenal Tonfack , Towa Algrient Nana , Zango Paul , Wikondi Jeanne , Ewoukem Thomas Efole , Meutchieye Félix
Published: March 2023

The study on the phenotypic polymorphism of Heterotis niloticus was undertaken from February to May 2020 in the rain forest region of Cameroon. The  main objective was to contribute to a better understanding of the genetic diversity of this adapted species for adequate breeding and preservation  strategies. More specifically, the investigation aimed at evaluating the variability of phenotypic, morphometric and meristic features according to the  study sites. Further, it was also in order to analyse the phenotypic variability, the structure, as well as the phylogenetic relationships among the Heterotis  niloticus subpopulations. A total of 125 adult individuals were collected in three localities and characterized. Two (2) phaneroptic traits were observed,  while 16 morphometric traits were measured and 5 meristic characters were counted. The results showed that there is a colour variability of eyes and  body in Heterotis niloticus from the study area with a predominance of golden eyes (97.60%) and grey body (96.80%). The number of scales on the lateral  line was higher in the individuals collected in Mbalmayo (38.67±1.46) than those in Ayos (37.70±0.95). Discriminant factor analyses and phylogenetic  analyses revealed that the overall population studied is made up of 3 morphotypes cohabiting in the three localities; thus it was possible to establish the  phylogenetic relationships that exist between them. Morphotypes 1 and 2 are closer while morphotypes 2 and 3 are far apart, showing a tendency of  splitting genetic make up. The recorded diversity suggests that Heterotis niloticus from the study area constitutes a natural genetic resource having the  interesting variability for further improvement and sustainable management.
Improving Growth of Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don Seedlings Using Leaf Litters of Selected Nitrogen-Fixing Albizia Trees
Authors: Adelani D.O.
Published: March 2023

There is paucity of quantified information on the influence of plant-based manure on the growth of Chrysophyllum albidum. In an attempt to improve the  slow growth of C. albidum seedlings, investigation was conducted to assess growth of Chrysophyllum albidum using the leaf litters of some nitrogen-fixing  albizia trees. The experiment adopted a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments duplicated five times. The treatments included leaf  litters from selected nitrogen-fixing albizia trees (Albizia zygia, Albizia coriaria, Albizia ferruginea, Albizia lebbeck, Albizia saman) and a check on the growth  of C. albidum. The experiment involved a total of thirty seedlings. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed on the result of C. albidum  seedlings carefully transplanted into pots with and without 400g of leaf litters of nitrogen-fixing albizia trees. The growth of C. albidum was significantly  (P<0.05) influenced by the leaf litters of specific nitrogen-fixing albizia trees. Tallest plant (29.84cm)., widest girth (1.71cm)., widest leaf area (53.86cm2 ).,  highest total fresh weight (15.42g) and dry weight (8.89g) were recorded from seedlings planted in the soil supplemented with leaf litters of A. ferruginea.,  while least growth metrics were recorded from unamended treatment (control). Seedlings cultivated in the soil supplemented with leaf litters  of Albizia lebbeck gave highest number of leaves (12.20). The leaf litter of A. ferruginea improves the growth of C. albidum seedlings.
Mchango wa Mathias Mnyampala katika maendeleo ya ushairi wa Kiswahili
Authors: Kyamba Anna N.
Published: March 2023

Makala hii inakusudia kuchunguza mchango wa Mathias Mnyampala katika maendeleo ya ushairi wa Kiswahili. Mnyampala ni miongoni mwa washairi maarufu wa ushairi wa Kiswahili katika karne ya ishirini. Kwa ujumla, mchango wa Mnyampala katika ushairi wa Kiswahili haujulikani kikamilifu tukilinganisha na washairi wengine kama Muyaka bin Haji na Shaaban Robert. Maswali tunayojiuliza ni kwamba: kwa nini Mnyampala hajazungumziwa na wataalamu mbalimbali? Mnyampala alikuwa na mchango gani katika ushairi wa Kiswahili? Kutokana na maswali hayo tunaona kuna haja ya kuchunguza mchango wa mtaalamu huyu katika ushairi wa Kiswahili. Hivyo, katika makala hii tunabainisha mchango wa Mnyampala (akiwa mshairi wa mwanzo wa miaka ya 1960 anayetoka sehemu za bara) katika maendeleo ya ushairi wa Kiswahili kimaudhui na kifani. Data zilizomo ndani ya makala hii zimetokana na mbinu ya maktabani na mahojiano na watafitiwa nyanjani kuhusu maisha, historia ya Mnyampala, kazi zake zilizochapishwa na miswada yake isiyochapishwa ambayo ni: Hazina ya Washairi, Mahadhi ya Kiswahili na Mashairi ya Vidato.
WMA International Code of Medical Ethics
Authors: Adedoyin O.T.
Published: March 2023

No Abstract
Nhu cầu đối với sản phẩm rau thương hiệu sinh thái của người tiêu dùng ở Kiên Giang
Authors: Khải Huỳnh Việt , Sang Lê Thanh , Khôi Phan Đình , Danh Võ Thành , Quỳnh Diệp Thị Như
Published: March 2023

Bài viết xác định nhu cầu của người tiêu dùng tỉnh Kiên Giang thông qua ước lượng mức sẵn lòng chi trả của họ đối với các thuộc tính của cải thảo với thương hiệu sinh thái bằng phương pháp mô hình lựa chọn (CM). Kết quả chỉ ra rằng người tiêu dùng đồng ý trả thêm khoảng 25,000 đồng/kg cải thảo có truy xuất nguồn gốc rõ ràng. Ngoài ra họ cũng đồng ý với mức chi trả khoảng 14,000 đồng/kg cho cải thảo với thương hiệu xanh và khoảng 13,000 đồng/kg đối với thương hiệu hữu cơ. Người tiêu dùng tỉnh Kiên Giang không thích những sản phẩm được thu hoạch trước đó 01 ngày hoặc trước đó 02 ngày nên mức sẵn lòng chi trả của họ cũng giảm lần lượt là 5,500 đồng/kg và 10,000 đồng/kg.
Urban growth in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Thanh Nguyen Bao
Published: March 2023

This study outlines the history of development and its impact on current conditions and the physical structure of the city. It argues that the rapid growth of the city and decisions with regard to the land market taken in the transition period have led to largely unplanned, unsustainable, and inefficient urban development. To solve this undesired situation, the paper makes a proposal to introduce Transit-Oriented Developments (TOD) a new way for urban development in Ho Chi Minh City. Long-time experiences with this model both in other Asian and European countries may serve as examples of ‘good practices’ for the city.
Thụ đắc nhóm phó từ mang nghĩa tương hỗ trong tiếng Trung Quốc của sinh viên Việt Nam
Authors: Vũ Lưu Hớn
Published: March 2023

Nhóm phó từ mang nghĩa tương hỗ “互, 相, 互相, 相互” trong tiếng Trung Quốc có chức năng cú pháp khá giống nhau, song giữa chúng vẫn tồn tại một số khác biệt. Trên cơ sở Kho ngữ liệu ngôn ngữ trung gian tiếng Trung Quốc của sinh viên Việt Nam, bài viết đã phân tích tình hình thụ đắc nhóm phó từ này của sinh viên Việt Nam. Kết quả cho thấy, sinh viên thường xuyên sử dụng phó từ “互相”, đôi lúc sử dụng phó từ “相互”, không sử dụng phó từ “互”, còn phó từ “相” thường sử dụng trong các cụm từ “相V” đang trong tiến trình từ vựng hoá. Trong quá trình thụ đắc phó từ “互相”, sinh viên đã xảy ra bốn loại lỗi sử dụng sau: (1) trật tự từ, (2) kết hợp với động từ đơn âm tiết ở trạng thái đơn độc, (3) kết hợp với danh từ, (4) nhầm lẫn với phó từ “一起”. Nguyên nhân dẫn đến lỗi sử dụng là chuyển di ngôn ngữ tiêu cực và khái quát thái quá các quy tắc ngữ pháp của ngôn ngữ đích
THBS1 có thể là đích tiềm năng của mir-144-3p trong bệnh thoái hóa khớp
Authors: Linh Lê Thị Trúc , Anh Nguyễn Thị Quế
Published: March 2023

MicroRNA là một phân tử RNA nhỏ kích (thước khoảng 20 - 25 nucleotide) không tham gia mã hóa, có chức năng điều chỉnh biểu hiện gene bằng cách ức chế phiên mã hoặc dịch mã. Những năm gần đây, thoái hóa khớp được xem là nguyên nhân xếp thứ hai dẫn đến tăng số lượng người sống cùng với tàn tật. Với sự già hóa dân số thế giới nói chung và Việt Nam nói riêng, thoái hóa khớp là một thách thức lớn trong việc chẩn đoán và điều trị ở giai đoạn sớm. MiR-144-3p là một trong những phân tử đã được chứng minh có chức năng trong bệnh thoái hóa khớp. Tuy nhiên, mạng lưới tương tác của microRNA với hệ thống gen đích trong một điều kiện bệnh là vô cùng phức tạp. Để chức năng của phân tử miR-144-3p được hoàn chỉnh, cần từng bước xác định chức năng trong điều kiện bệnh thoái hóa khớp đối với gen đích tiềm năng nhất định. Gen đích của miR-144-3p đã được dự đoán bằng các công cụ như Target Scan Human, miRDB và miRmap. Kết quả dự đoán cho thấy THBS1 được xác định là gen đích của miR-144-3p với 04 vị trí bắt cặp và có chức năng liên quan bệnh thoái hóa khớp thông qua con đường tín hiệu TGF-β.
A strong call-by-need calculus
Authors: Balabonski Thibaut , Lanco Antoine , Melquiond Guillaume
Published: March 2023

We present a call-by-need $\lambda$-calculus that enables strong reduction
(that is, reduction inside the body of abstractions) and guarantees that
arguments are only evaluated if needed and at most once. This calculus uses
explicit substitutions and subsumes the existing strong-call-by-need strategy,
but allows for more reduction sequences, and often shorter ones, while
preserving the neededness. The calculus is shown to be normalizing in a strong
sense: Whenever a $\lambda$-term t admits a normal form n in the
$\lambda$-calculus, then any reduction sequence from t in the calculus
eventually reaches a representative of the normal form n. We also exhibit a
restriction of this calculus that has the diamond property and that only
performs reduction sequences of minimal length, which makes it systematically
better than the existing strategy. We have used the Abella proof assistant to
formalize part of this calculus, and discuss how this experiment affected its
design. In particular, it led us to derive a new description of call-by-need
reduction based on inductive rules.
Partitioning-Based Data Sharing Approach for Data Integrity Verification in Distributed Fog Computing
Authors: Uma Maheswari Kaliyaperumal  , Mary Saira Bhanu Somasundaram  , Nickolas Savarimuthu
Published: March 2023

With the increasing popularity of the internet of things (IoT), fog computing has emerged as a unique cutting-edge approach along with cloud computing. This study proposes an approach for data integrity verification in fog computing that does not require metadata stored on the user side and can handle big data efficiently. In the proposed work, fuzzy clustering is used to cluster IoT data; dynamic keys are used to encrypt the clusters; and dynamic permutation is used to distribute encrypted clusters among fog nodes. During the process of data retrieval, fuzzy clustering and message authentication code (MAC) are used to verify the data integrity. Fuzzy clustering and dynamic primitives make the proposed approach more secure. The security analysis indicates that the proposed approach is resilient to various security attacks. Moreover, the performance analysis shows that the computation time of the proposed work is 50 times better than the existing tag regeneration scheme.