bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3R-WS2 crystals as a breakthrough in compact entangled photon sources
Authors: Yang Xinyu , Tan Mengxi , Moss David J.
Published: February 2025

In a breakthrough that promises to revolutionize quantum photonic systems, researchers have successfully demonstrated a high-performance, ultracompact polarization-entangled photon-pair source using the van der Waals-based two-dimensional 3R-WS2 crystal. This achievement opens new avenues for integrated quantum technologies, paving the way for advanced applications in quantum computing, communication, and metrology.
Optical sorting: past, present and future
Authors: Yang Meng , Shi Yuzhi , Song Qinghua , Wei Zeyong , Dun Xiong , Wang Zhiming , Wang Zhanshan , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Zhang Hui , Cheng Xinbin
Published: February 2025

Optical sorting combines optical tweezers with diverse techniques, including optical spectrum, artificial intelligence (AI) and immunoassay, to endow unprecedented capabilities in particle sorting. In comparison to other methods such as microfluidics, acoustics and electrophoresis, optical sorting offers appreciable advantages in nanoscale precision, high resolution, non-invasiveness, and is becoming increasingly indispensable in fields of biophysics, chemistry, and materials science. This review aims to offer a comprehensive overview of the history, development, and perspectives of various optical sorting techniques, categorised as passive and active sorting methods. To begin, we elucidate the fundamental physics and attributes of both conventional and exotic optical forces. We then explore sorting capabilities of active optical sorting, which fuses optical tweezers with a diversity of techniques, including Raman spectroscopy and machine learning. Afterwards, we reveal the essential roles played by deterministic light fields, configured with lens systems or metasurfaces, in the passive sorting of particles based on their varying sizes and shapes, sorting resolutions and speeds. We conclude with our vision of the most promising and futuristic directions, including AI-facilitated ultrafast and bio-morphology-selective sorting. It can be envisioned that optical sorting will inevitably become a revolutionary tool in scientific research and practical biomedical applications.
Neurofind: using deep learning to make individualised inferences in brain-based disorders
Authors: Vieira S. , Baecker L. , Pinaya W. H. L. , Garcia-Dias R. , Scarpazza C. , Calhoun V. , Mechelli A.
Published: February 2025

Within precision psychiatry, there is a growing interest in normative models given their ability to parse heterogeneity. While they are intuitive and informative, the technical expertise and resources required to develop normative models may not be accessible to most researchers. Here we present Neurofind, a new freely available tool that bridges this gap by wrapping sound and previously tested methods on data harmonisation and advanced normative models into a web-based platform that requires minimal input from the user. We explain how Neurofind was developed, how to use the Neurofind website in four simple steps (www.neurofind.ai), and provide exemplar applications. Neurofind takes as input structural MRI images and outputs two main metrics derived from independent normative models: (1) Outlier Index Score, a deviation score from the normative brain morphology, and (2) Brain Age, the predicted age based on an individual’s brain morphometry. The tool was trained on 3362 images of healthy controls aged 20–80 from publicly available datasets. The volume of 101 cortical and subcortical regions was extracted and modelled with an adversarial autoencoder for the Outlier index model and a support vector regression for the Brain age model. To illustrate potential applications, we applied Neurofind to 364 images from three independent datasets of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia. In Alzheimer’s disease, 55.2% of patients had very extreme Outlier Index Scores, mostly driven by larger deviations in temporal-limbic structures and ventricles. Patients were also homogeneous in how they deviated from the norm. Conversely, only 30.1% of schizophrenia patients were extreme outliers, due to deviations in the hippocampus and pallidum, and patients tended to be more heterogeneous than controls. Both groups showed signs of accelerated brain ageing.
Tumor cell-derived EMP1 is essential for cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration in tumor microenvironment of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Wang Qi , Li Dandan , Ma Haixiu , Li Zengyan , Wu Juan , Qiao Jinwan , Liu Jun , Zhao Jing , Ma Ronghua , Tian Lin , Zhang Lei , Yang Jianye , Wang Jianing , Qin Shanshan , Su Zhanhai
Published: February 2025

The role of epithelial membrane protein 1 (EMP1) in tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling has not yet been elucidated. In addition, the biological function of EMP1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is largely unclear. In this study, we examined the infiltration landscape of cell types in the TME of breast cancer, and found that EMP1 expression was positively correlated with stromal and microenvironmental scores. Infiltration analysis and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of serial sections confirmed the critical role of EMP1 in cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) infiltration. Cell co-culture assays, xenograft tumor experiments, loss-of-function, gain-of-function, RNA sequencing studies, and rescue assays were performed to confirm the role of EMP1 in CAF infiltration in vitro and in vivo. These findings revealed that EMP1 depletion in TNBC cells resulted in considerable inhibition of CAF infiltration in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, EMP1 knockdown induced a substantial decrease in IL6 secretion from TNBC through the NF-κB signaling pathway, hindering CAF proliferation and subsequently inhibiting TNBC progression and metastasis. These cumulative results indicate that EMP1 functions as an oncogene in TNBC by mediating the cell communication of TNBC and CAFs. Targeted inhibition of EMP1 by suppressing CAF infiltration is a promising strategy for TNBC treatment.
Flow and ischemic changes in retina and choroid across diabetic retinopathy spectrum: a SS-OCTA study
Authors: Yang Qianhui , Teo Kelvin Y. C. , Hong Yueheng , Tan Bingyao , Schmetterer Leopold , Cheung Chui Ming Gemmy , Wong Tien Yin , Tan Siew Wei Gavin
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To examine changes in retinal and choroidal vasculature in diabetes mellitus across the range of diabetic retinopathy (DR) severities using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and compare the patterns of vascular changes.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study enrolling 296 patients (498 eyes) with diabetes mellitus. Swept-Source OCT Angiography variables in both retina and choroid, including perfusion density (PD), vessel density (VD), large vessel density (LVD) in both superficial and deep layer of retina and CC flow voids (FD) density of the choroid were quantified. Correlations between OCTA parameters and DR severity, visual acuity and studied factors were performed.

Results

Totally 498 eyes including 176 had no DR, 160 had mild NPDR, 98 had moderate NPDR, 11 had severe NPDR, 41 had PDR with PRP, and 12 had PDR without PRP. Choriocapillaris (CC) flow voids density increased with increasing DR severity (17.06% vs 17.41% vs 17.60% vs 17.62% vs 18.05% vs 18.41%, p-trend = 0.0004), FAZ area increased with DR severity in both superficial and deep layer (superficial layer p trend=0.0027; deep layer p trend=0.0022). Visual acuity correlated negatively with CC flow voids (Pearson’s ρ = 0.09, p = 0.04) and superficial FAZ area (Pearson’s ρ = 0.22, p < 0.001), while inversely correlated with SCP PD (Pearson’s ρ = −0.15, p < 0.001) and VD (Pearson’s ρ = −0.15, p < 0.001), as well as DCP PD (Pearson’s ρ = −0.21, p < 0.001) and VD (Pearson’s ρ = −0.19, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Choriocapillaris ischemia increased, FAZ area enlarged, and total retina perfusion density decreased with increasing DR severity. The deep layer and large vessels may change in early stage before DR progresses to PDR. More ischemia and vessel tortuosity are correlated with worse visual acuity and higher HbA1c level. OCTA can be utilized to detect both large and small vascular changes in both the retina and choroid in DR patients.
Regulation of tryptophan-indole metabolic pathway in Porphyromonas gingivalis virulence and microbiota dysbiosis in periodontitis
Authors: Ding Jing , Tan Lingping , Wu Lingzhi , Li Jinyu , Zhang Yong , Shen Zongshan , Zhang Chi , Zhao Chuanjiang , Gao Li
Published: February 2025

Pathogenesis of periodontitis is marked by microbiota dysbiosis and disrupted host responses. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen of periodontitis which expresses various crucial virulence factors. This study aimed to clarify the role and mechanisms of P. gingivalis tryptophan-indole metabolic pathway in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. This study showed that periodontitis patients exhibited elevated tryptophan metabolism and salivary pathogen abundance. Tryptophanase gene-deficiency altered proteome and metabolome of P. gingivalis
, inhibited P. gingivalis virulent factors expression, biofilm growth, hemin utilization, cell adhesion/invasion and pro-inflammation ability. Tryptophan-indole pathway of P. gingivalis stimulated periodontitis biofilm formation and induced oral microbiota dysbiosis. In periodontitis mice, this pathway of P. gingivalis aggravated alveolar bone loss and gingival tissue destruction, causing oral and gut microbiota dysbiosis. This study indicates that the tryptophan-indole pathway serves as a significant regulator of P. gingivalis virulence and oral microbiota dysbiosis, which is also associated with gut dysbiosis.
Syntonic phototherapy versus part time occlusion for treatment of refractive amblyopia
Authors: Mohamed Sanaa Ahmed , Abdel-Wahab Khalil Adel Mohammed , Aljaghmani Maha Emhammed Almokhtar
Published: February 2025

To evaluate the effectiveness of syntonic phototherapy and compare it with partial time occlusion to improve visual acuity in cases of refractive amblyopia. This study is a prospective, comparative, and randomized study. It included 40 patients. Their mean age ± SD was 14.45 ± 10.03 years (Range: 6–45 years). Twenty patients were subjected to partial time occlusion of the sound eye, and 20 received syntonic phototherapy treatment.The study revealed that there was statistically significant improvement in visual functions, UCVA, BCVA, AOP, and functional visual field in patients who were subjected to syntonic phototherapy, whereas the improvement of UCVA and BCVA in patients who were subjected to conventional treatment was satisfactory but less than that reported by syntonic therapy. Visual acuity increased significantly in patients with amblyopia after syntonic phototherapy as compared to partial occlusion therapy.
Precision biochar yield forecasting employing random forest and XGBoost with Taylor diagram visualization
Authors: Uppalapati Sudhakar , Paramasivam Prabhu , Kilari Naveen , Chohan Jasgurpreet Singh , Kanti Praveen Kumar , Vemanaboina Harinadh , Dabelo Leliso Hobicho , Gupta Rupesh
Published: February 2025

Waste-to-energy conversion via pyrolysis has attracted increasing attention recently owing to its multiple uses. Among the products of this process, biochar stands out for its versatility, with its yield influenced by various factors. Extensive and labor-intensive experimental testing is sometimes necessary to properly grasp the output distribution from various feedstocks. Nonetheless, data-driven predictive models using large-scale historical experiment records can provide insightful analysis of projected yields from a variety of biomass materials, hence overcoming the challenges of empirical modeling. As such, five modern approaches available in modern machine learning are employed in this study to develop the biochar yield prediction models. The Lasso regression, Tweedie regression, random forest, XGBoost, and Gradient boosting regression were employed. Out of these five XGBoost was superior with a training mean squared error (MSE) of 1.17 and a test MSE of 2.94. The XGBoost-based biochar yield model shows excellent performance with a strong predictive accuracy of the R2 values as 0.9739 (training) and 0.8875 (test). The mean absolute percentage error value was only 2.14% in the training phase and 3.8% in the testing phase. Precision prognostic technologies have broad effects on sectors including biomass logistics, conversion technologies, and effective biomass utilization as renewable energy. Leveraging SHAP based on cooperative game theory, the study shows that while ash and moisture lower biochar yield, FPT, nitrogen, and carbon content significantly boost it. Small variables like heating rate and volatile matter have a secondary impact on production efficiency.
Evaluation of magnetic resonance spectroscopy total sodium concentration measures, and associations with microstructure and physical impairment in cervical myelopathy
Authors: Solanky Bhavana S. , Prados Ferran , Tur Carmen , Grussu Francesco , Al-Ahmad Selma , Yang Xixi , Bianchi Alessia , Kanber Baris , Russo Antonino , Russo Vittorio , Choi David , Panicker Jalesh N. , Wheeler-Kingshott Claudia A. M. Gandini
Published: February 2025

Spinal cord injury causes a cascade of physiological responses, which may trigger a subsequent neurotoxic increase in intracellular sodium. This can lead to neurodegeneration, both at and beyond the site of injury, causing clinical symptoms and loss of function. However, in vivo measurements of tissue sodium remain challenging. Here we utilise sodium magnetic resonance spectroscopy (23Na-MRS) at 3T to measure tissue sodium concentration (TSC) and its association with microstructural measures and macromolecular MRI metrics in the cervical spinal cord, distal to the site of injury. Twenty people with cervical myelopathy and twenty healthy controls, were studied. Associations with motor and sensory impairments were explored using ASIA and jOAMEQ scores. No significant difference in TSC in the cervical myelopathy group (39 ± 10 mM) relative to healthy controls (35 ± 13 mM) was found. However, patients had a significantly lower cord-cross-sectional area than controls (70 ± 9 mm2 vs. 82 ± 9 mm2, p < 0.001). Lower-extremity function positively correlated with intracellular volume fraction (p = 0.031). In conclusion, using 23Na-MRS, TSC in cervical myelopathy patients was successfully measured. Differences in TSC relative to healthy controls did not reach significance, despite a significant reduction in cord-cross-sectional area. However, lower intracellular volume fraction, indicating reduced neurite density distal to the site of injury, was associated with physical impairment.
Impact of asthma control on quality of life among palestinian children
Authors: Aldirawi Ali , Al-Qudimat Ahmad R. , Al Rawwad Tamara , Alhalaiqa Fadwa , Alwawi Abdallah , Jin Yan , Abuzerr Samer , Hammad Eman , Rjoub Lina
Published: February 2025

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that significantly affects children, impacting their health-related quality of life. This study aimed to explore the relationship between asthma control and quality of life among pediatric asthma patients in the West Bank, Palestine. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 pediatric patients with asthma and their mothers, recruited from four governmental hospitals. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires that included demographic information, an asthma control test, and the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life questionnaire. The final analysis included 182 children with a mean age of 8 years. The results showed that 71.9% of the children had uncontrolled asthma, with poor health-related quality of life reported by approximately 70% of this group. In contrast, only 2.7% of children with controlled asthma reported reduced quality of life. The findings indicate a strong association between asthma control and health-related quality of life. Healthcare policies should prioritize educational programs for children and their parents to improve asthma management and overall well-being.
Exploring the Potential of Fourier Transform-infrared Spectroscopy of Urine for Non-invasive Monitoring of Inflammation associated with Kidney Transplant
Authors: SARKEES Elie , Vuiblet Vincent , Taha Fayek , Piot Olivier
Published: February 2025

The global rise of end-stage renal disease is leading to an increase in kidney transplants. Transplants survival are accompanied by more inflammation and rejection cases. Traditional laboratory analyses often lack...
Insight into the interface properties of γ-TiAl/α2-Ti3Al with La doping obtained by first-principles calculations
Authors: He Qizhen , Zhao Chunmei , Song Wenwei , Zhang Silong , Shi Zhijun , Ren Xuejun , Yang Qingxiang
Published: February 2025

The interface strength between TiAl and α2-Ti3Al phases is pivotal for influencing the room temperature ductility of TiAl alloys.
Polyoxometalate-based materials in therapeutic and biomedical applications: current status and perspective
Authors: Moghadasi Milad , Abbasi Mohammad , Mousavi Mahtab , Mirzaei Masoud
Published: February 2025

Recent advances in polyoxometalate (POM)-based materials with biomedical applications indicate significant potential in the therapeutic field. The scientific community aims to advance these materials to enhance the bioorthogonal chemistry of POMs.
Cationic−anionic complexes of Cu(ii) and Co(ii) with N-scorpionate ligand – structure, spectroscopy, and catecholase activity
Authors: Zienkiewicz-Machnik Małgorzata , Luboradzki Roman , Mech-Piskorz Justyna , Angulo Gonzalo , Nogala Wojciech , Ratajczyk Tomasz , Aleshkevych Pavlo , Kubas Adam
Published: February 2025

Two novel cationic−anionic Cu(ii) and Co(ii) complexes with the N-scorpionate ligand have been synthesised and characterised. The obtained complexes are the first reported examples of cationic−anionic compounds tested for catecholase activity.
Synergistic Solar-Powered Water-Electricity Generation Using a 3D-Printed Heatsink-like Device
Authors: Li Na , He Jintao , Li Jingjing , Li Zhaojun , Murto Petri , Wang Zhihang , Xu Xiaofeng
Published: February 2025

The application of solar energy for both power generation and water production is widely regarded as a promising solution for addressing global shortages in electricity and water resource shortages. Solar-driven...
Tailoring the electronic structure of an exfoliated layered double hydroxide using a lanthanide for chloride-ion blocking in seawater splitting
Authors: Gaur Ashish , Kwon Jiseok , Sharma Jatin , Ali Ghulam , Enkhbayar Enkhtuvshin , Chung Chan-Yeup , Han HyukSu , Song Taeseup
Published: February 2025

The Lewis acidity of Ni2+ and Fe3+ ions in a layered double hydroxide (LDH) was enhanced by incorporating the lanthanide dopant Ce, tuning the surface electronic configurations to prefer OH* adsorption over Cl* adsorption.
Bioconversion of a lignin-derived biphenyl dimer into the strategic building block 5-carboxyvanillic acid in Pseudomonas putida KT2440
Authors: Gómez-Álvarez Helena , del Cerro-Sánchez Carlos , Iturbe Pablo , Rivero-Buceta Virginia , Nogales Juan , Bugg Timothy D. H. , Díaz Eduardo
Published: February 2025

A novel strategy for the bioproduction of the strategic building block 5CVA using the lignin-derived biphenyl dimer DDVA as the substrate.
Fabrication of a mesoporous CoFe2O4/rGO nanohybrid and laccase interface biosensor for rapid detection of adrenaline for neurodegenerative disease diagnosis
Authors: Verma Rahul , Yadav Surendra K. , Singh Diksha , Singh Jay
Published: February 2025

A hydrothermally synthesized mesoporous CoFe2O4 (CF)/rGO nanohybrid enhances electroactive surfaces and promotes rapid electron transfer at bioelectrode–electrolyte interfaces, boosting electrocatalytic activity for adrenaline sensing.
Rh(III)-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral C–H Activation/Annulation of Oxadiazolones with Sulfoxonium Ylides to access oxadiazoloisoquinolinone
Authors: Ganesh Pothapragada S. K. Prabhakar , Kamaraj Eswaran , Veeramani Vairaperumal , Rajamohan Rajaram , Perumal Muthuraja
Published: February 2025

Here, we developed a synthetic route for oxadiazolone-fused isoquinoline derivatives through Rh(III)-catalyzed [4+2] redox-neutral annulations of aryl oxadiazolones with sulfoxonium ylides, followed by a second C–H activation to produce acymethylation...
Optimization of electrocoagulation removal of a mixture of three azo dyes: spectrophotometric colour characteristics for best operating conditions
Authors: Sugha Aditi , Bhatti Manpreet Singh
Published: February 2025

In the present study, a mixture of three azo dyes viz. methyl orange, congo red and acid blue-113, was treated using electrocoagulation.
Revealing the hydrogen bond network effect at electrode-electrolyte interface during hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhong Chengcheng , Xiao Yuxuan , Feng Jinxian , Liu Chunfa , Li Lun , Ip Weng Fai , Wang Shuang-Peng , Pan Hui
Published: February 2025

The hydrogen bond network (HBN) in the electrical double layer (EDL) at the electrode-electrolyte interface plays a crucial role in governing water migration, which directly affects the efficiency of water...
Preparation of High Gain NIR Photodetectors Based on Gradient AgInS2(Se) Thin Films with A W-1 level Responsivity
Authors: Chen Genglong , Cheng Jiang , Jiang Chenenze , Ye Qingquan , Meng Xiang , Tang Hua , Zhai Fuqiang , Li Lu
Published: February 2025

High-performance near-infrared (NIR) thin-film photodetectors hold great promise for biological detection applications. Techniques based on two-dimensional materials, while well-studied, face challenges in achieving large-area detection with a response current that...
Revealing Nighttime Construction-Related Activities from a Spatially Distributed Air Quality Monitoring Network
Authors: Gu Jintao , Yuan Bo , Baker Shefford P. , Zhang Shaojun , Wu XIaomeng , Wu Ye , Zhang K. Max
Published: February 2025

In this study, through a novel network-based data-driven method, we reveal a likely unintended, nighttime-specific impact of construction activities on elevated coarse particulate matter (PMc) concentrations in a metropolitan area....
Circularly polarized narrowband phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Lu Guangzhao , Wu Shaohua , Chen Ping , Xia Xiaoyang , Wang Wenya , Xie Qifei , Qi Yanyu , Han Hua-Bo , Zhou Liang
Published: February 2025

Design strategies for chiral iridium (III) complexes with stable circularly polarized luminescent properties have been emerged as important ongoing research tasks in the field of organic photonics. Given the high...
PA1b-like peptides alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction induced by glucose toxicity through interacting with VDAC1 in β-cells
Authors: huang huizhong , Zeng Xinyu , Zhang Liying , Cheng Hongchang , Hu Kanghong , Shang Xiaoke , Yao Chenguang
Published: February 2025

PA1b-like peptides, which are extracted from the seeds of Fabaceae, display remarkably orally hypoglycemic and β-cell-protective activities. However, the direct targets and mechanisms of action of these peptides in islet...
Correction: Environmentally friendly process design for furan-based long-chain diester production aiming for bio-based lubricants
Authors: Lee Hye Jin , Lee Yoonjae , Yang Eun-hyeok , Yoo Jiyun , Choi Seungjun , Hwangbo Soonho , Suh Young-Woong , Baek Jayeon , Han Jeehoon , Kim Yong Jin
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Environmentally friendly process design for furan-based long-chain diester production aiming for bio-based lubricants’ by Hye Jin Lee et al., Green Chem., 2025, 27, 607–622, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04191G.
Metal-free remote site-selective radical C(sp3)–H acyloxylation of amides
Authors: Zhu Yanshuo , Zhang Wenya , Wang Hongyan , Li Dan , Xie Xinxin , Hu Hongwei , Shu Penghua
Published: February 2025

The acyloxylation is a highly versatile transformation in synthetic chemistry. While numerous transition metal-catalyzed methods have been developed for C(sp3)–H activation to form C–OCOR bonds, direct acyloxylation of unactivated C(sp3)-H...
Mantis-shaped chiral pyridine-N-oxides: a new class of ligands in asymmetric palladium(II)-catalysed Friedel-Crafts alkylation
Authors: Liu Xiong-Li , Yang Lan-Lan , Pan Di-Cheng , Zhu Xian-Qiao , Liu De-Wu , Tang Xing-Zhou , Peng Li-Jun , Cen Hong-Xing
Published: February 2025

Pyridine-type chiral ligands were renowned for their versatility and efficacy in numerous metal-catalyzed asymmetric transformations. To further expand the chiral pyridine-type ligand library, herein, we prepared mantis-shaped pyridine-NO ligands endowed...
Phosphorous modified porous graphitic carbon nitride activated by phytic acid for efficient selective extraction and photoreduction of uranium from aqueous solutions
Authors: He Yanni , Li Junjun , Cheng Jiang , Cherkasova Tatyana Grigorievna , Li Lu
Published: February 2025

Graphitic carbon nitrides (CNs) have attracted tremendous attention because of their response to visible light, facile synthesis, low precursor cost and good stability. However, bulk CNs suffer from low utilization...
Correction: Cost-effective carbon fiber precursor selections of polyacrylonitrile-derived blend polymers: carbonization chemistry and structural characterizations
Authors: Mao Qian , Rajabpour Siavash , Talkhoncheh Mahdi Khajeh , Zhu Jiadeng , Kowalik Malgorzata , van Duin Adri C. T.
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Cost-effective carbon fiber precursor selections of polyacrylonitrile-derived blend polymers: carbonization chemistry and structural characterizations’ by Qian Mao et al., Nanoscale, 2022, 14, 6357–6372, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NR00203E.
A β-Hairpin Peptide Derived from Aβ Forms Different Oligomers in the Crystal State and in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Zhu Jason , Kreutzer Adam G , Liu Zhiwei , Li Xingyue , Richter Sabrina , Pophristic Vojislava , Nowick James S
Published: February 2025

The supramolecular assembly of amyloid β into soluble oligomers is critical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression. Soluble Aβ oligomers have emerged as neurotoxic species involved in AD progression and some Aβ...
Structural, electrical, and physical–mechanical properties of composites obtained based on filled polyolefins and thermoplastic elastomers
Authors: Vagif gizi Allahverdiyeva Khayala , Tofig oglu Kakhramanov Najaf , Vagif gizi Gurbanova Rena
Published: February 2025

The paper presents the results of a study of the influence of various fillers on the structural features and quality of composite and nanocomposite materials based on polyolefins and their modifications.
In situ uncovering the catalytic cycle of electrochemical and chemical oxygen reduction mediated by iron porphyrin
Authors: Shao Yuanhua , Zhan Jirui , Deng Jintao , Zhang Xiaohao , Qin Haonan , Liu Junjie , Li Meixian , Cao Rui
Published: February 2025

As one of the critical reactions in biotransformation and energy conversion processes, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyzed by iron porphyrins has been widely explored by electrochemical, spectroscopic, and theoretical...
Triboelectric nanogenerator for harvesting ultra-high-speed wind energy with high-frequency output
Authors: Bai Yanan , Zhu Wenxuan , Zhang Maoyi , Hasan Md Al Mahadi , Bowen Chris R. , Yang Ya
Published: February 2025

This work presents a TENG for harvesting wind energy at ultra-high wind speeds, achieving high-frequency output signals and enhancing performance. It also expands the application of TENGs in high wind speeds and urban settings.
Innovative investments in agriculture as a factor of food security
Authors: Smirnov Evgeny N. , Pasko Alexander V. , Antropova Marina Yu.
Published: February 2025

This article analyses the relationship between investments in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation and the dynamics of agricultural production in the period from 2006 to 2022. The study is based on the statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service and uses the method of trend analysis to identify general trends and build forecast models. It found that investment in the agricultural sector has shown a pronounced positive trend, especially since 2010, and reached 780 billion roubles in 2022. Agricultural production also showed growth, albeit with fluctuations due to various factors. A not always directly proportional relationship between the volume of investment and production was revealed, which emphasises the need for an integrated approach to the management of the agricultural sector. Based on the analysis, a forecast for 2024-2025 was formed, demonstrating further development of the agro-industrial complex, both in terms of investment and production. The results obtained emphasise the importance of investment for the development of agriculture, as well as the need to introduce innovations, develop human resources and improve risk management mechanisms.
Problems and prospects of innovative development of agro-industrial complex in Eastern Siberia
Authors: Qosimov Jahongir , Akhmedov Islombek , Abdikadirov Shavkat , Dusyarov Khudoymurot , Ivanov M.Yu.
Published: February 2025

The presented research is devoted to the analysis of problems and prospects of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex of Eastern Siberia. The work focuses on identifying the key barriers to sustainable development of the industry and substantiating the need to form a regional scientific, educational and production centre. The research methodology is based on the analysis of a wide range of sources, including scientific publications, statistical data and regulatory documents. The main problems, such as insufficient funding of scientific research, weak link between science and production, and lack of qualified personnel, are identified. The results of the work show that to overcome these problems a systematic approach is needed, including the development and introduction of energy-saving technologies, the creation of new crop varieties and the development of processing and logistics technologies. The study justifies the creation of a regional centre that will combine the efforts of science, production and government to ensure sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex.
Prevention of subclinical mastitis in lactating cows with a new probiotic preparation
Authors: Porfiriev Artur , Fayzrakhmanov Ramil , Sofronov Vladimir , Danilova Nadezhda , Kuznetsova Elena
Published: February 2025

The aim of the work is to develop a new domestic probiotic preparation containing strains of microorganisms known as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amiloliquefaciens and intended for treatment of cows’ udders, and technology of its application in cattle breeding for prevention of cows with subclinical mastitis and obtaining ecologically clean milk. The composition of microorganism strains was selected on the basis of preliminary microbiological study by sowing on nutrient media. On the basis of scientific and production experience in the conditions of LLC “Soyuz-Agro” of Aznakaevsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan, it was found that for this population of cows the most acceptable was the use of probiotic preparation. It contains compositions of strains of microorganism producers such as Bacillus subtilis strain B-11 in the concentration of 1x1010 CFU/ml and Bacillus amiloliquefaciens of the B-14294 strain in the concentration of 1x1010 CFU/ml. It showed the best activity in relation to the microflora of the studied population of lactating cows. On the background of probiotic preparation application for three months of the experiment in milk of experimental cows the number of somatic cells decreased by 39.6 % and microbial contamination reduced by 38.3 % in comparison with those of control, and economic efficiency per 1 ruble of additional costs amounted to 4.3 rubles.
Results of experimental studies of a small-volume biogas plant
Authors: Gayfullin Ilnur Kh. , Ziganshin Bulat G. , Khaliullina Zulfiya M. , Semicheva Olga S. , Shornikov Artyom V.
Published: February 2025

Utilisation of organic waste from agriculture is one of the most acute environmental problems that require immediate solution. This problem is relevant for the majority of farms and agricultural complexes, regardless of the number of animals. Violation of waste disposal rules can lead to contamination of soil and water bodies, as well as to negative consequences for human and animal health. This paper considers the method of anaerobic digestion of agricultural organic waste as an effective solution to this problem. Anaerobic digestion is a process in which organic matter decomposes without access to oxygen, resulting in the formation of biogas and high quality organic fertilisers. The processing of organic waste in a biogas plant contributes to sustainable agriculture. The aim of the research is to increase the energy efficiency of the organic waste utilisation process by developing the design and substantiating the main parameters of a low-volume biogas plant. Experimental studies were carried out according to the known methods on the newly developed biogas plant. The digestion temperature was maintained within the range of 50-55 °C. Experimental studies allowed to determine the rational design and technological parameters of the low-volume biogas plant.
Digital and ‘green’ technologies in agricultural production on the example of a farming enterprise
Authors: Karelina Ekaterina A. , Ivanova Valeriya I. , Smagulova Samal M.
Published: February 2025

The article deals with the problem of unfavourable environmental situation in Russian agriculture caused by intensive use of resources. It emphasises the need to introduce innovative technologies for sustainable development of the agricultural sector. The study focuses on the importance of an integrated approach combining digitalisation for production optimisation and green technologies for environmental safety. The paper analyses existing technologies and conducts experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions. Experimental data obtained on a farm shows that the use of organic farming methods increases yields by 15% compared to conventional methods. The study also demonstrates the economic benefits of adopting digital technologies and green practices, reducing water consumption by 25% and electricity consumption by 10%. The author notes that despite the benefits of these technologies, digitalisation is ‘insular’ in nature. The article concludes that an integrated approach is needed to ensure food security, improve economic efficiency and address environmental challenges.
Waste-free integrated processing of invertebrates into feed additives using proteolytic enzymes
Authors: Ernazarov Karim , Yusupov Bekzod , Turaev Khumoyiddin , Ganieva Sayyora , Masienko Ivan V. , Sukhanov Dmitry S.
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a study on integrated and waste-free processing of various invertebrate species such as molluscs and crabs. The main focus is on the use of the proteolytic enzyme preparation ‘Krusenzyme’, isolated from crab liver, for the processing of raw materials. The study showed that the use of Crusenzyme was effective in removing skin from cephalopods, softening the muscle tissue of molluscs and deproteinising the shell of crabs. The enzymatic treatment improved the texture of the products, increased the yield of finished products and reduced energy consumption compared to traditional methods. The possibility of obtaining feed additives from mollusk processing wastes rich in proteins, calcium and microelements was also studied. It was shown that inclusion of flour from soft tissues and mollusk flaps in the diet of farm animals contributes to the increase in weight gain and improvement of productivity indicators. The developed technology allows to obtain a wide range of valuable products, including chitin, chitosan, fat, carotenoids and protein hydrolysates, contributing to environmentally safe production and rational use of hydrobiont resources.
Resistance of Sarepta mustard to a decrease in ambient temperature during vegetation
Authors: Kaznina Natalia , Kholoptseva Ekaterina , Batova Yulia , Taskina Ksenia
Published: February 2025

Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. is an important edible oilseed crop. This species is currently well studied from the point of view of its use in the phytoremediation of contaminated soils. There is practically no information about the resistance of Sarepta mustard to low temperatures. However, they are important for identifying the possibility of growing this species in northern conditions. In this regard, the effect of low temperature (4° C) on the B. juncea var. Nika growth, photosynthesis and water exchange was studied. An exposure to 4 °C inhibit the plants’ growth, but the photosynthesis rate does not exchange. At the same time, under the hypothermia, the chlorophyll a content and the chlorophylls a/b ratio increase. The carotenoids content and the size of stomatal aperture remained at the optimal temperature conditions level, and the Fv/Fm increased, indicating the efficient operation of photosystem II. Being exposed to low temperatures, the transpiration rate slowed down, which ensured the maintenance of the necessary tissue hydration and increased the ability to efficiently utilize water in the photosynthesis (WUE). A conclusion was made about the resistance of B. juncea var. Nika to low temperature (4° C) and about the possibility of growing this species in northern regions, including the phytoremediation of polluted areas.
Integration in breeding and seed production through the formation of regional systems
Authors: Svyatova Olga V. , Malakhova Svetlana V. , Nozdracheva Elena N.
Published: February 2025

The authors study methodological approaches to the formation of regional systems of breeding and seed production, critical for agrarian development. The aim of the work was to substantiate the necessity of transition from a fragmented approach to integrated regional systems combining scientific institutions, production enterprises and state structures. The study revealed that the existing seed production system in Russia is characterised by high dependence on imported seeds and insufficient efficiency. The authors proposed a concept of a regional system based on co-operation and integration, including innovation, production and market subsystems. A non-profit association is proposed as an organisational form to facilitate the coordination of activities and attract investment. The results of the study show that the implementation of the proposed model contributes to improving the efficiency of breeding and seed production, and ensures sustainable development of the agricultural sector.
Intensification of the process of extraction of sucrose from sugar beet of different technological advantage
Authors: Kulneva Nadezhda , Korobova Lyudmila , Matytsina Irina , Matvienko Natalia , Chernyaeva Svetlana
Published: February 2025

Unfavorable climatic conditions have a negative impact on the storage and processing of sugar beets. Low quality of the raw material during storage causes intensive development of microbiological processes, which leads to high losses of sucrose. Leuconostoc mesenteroides bacteria develop especially intensively in spoiled beets, causing a disease of root crops (mucous bacteriosis), which is activated in the washing department of the plant. The product of the bacteria’s vital activity, the polysaccharide dextran, passes into the diffusion juice during the extraction process, complicating further technological processes. The proposed solution for suppressing microbiological processes is the use of sodium dichloroisocyanuric acid as an antiseptic, a solution of which can be used to treat beet chips or an extractant. Some plants use inclined-type diffusion devices for extracting sucrose, in which there is no heat treatment of beet chips before entering the device, which leads to a low degree of sucrose extraction. Technical solutions have been developed for preparing chips for extraction using the combined thermochemical processing of chips with the use of salt solutions of aluminum and ammonium sulfates. Rational processing parameters have been selected experimentally: the concentration of the ammonium sulfate solution is 0.05%; its consumption is 10% of the chips mass. The studies conducted to study the microstructure of sugar beet tissue with various methods of its processing revealed the mechanism of action of the reagents. Experimental data on determining the molecular diffusion coefficient after processing sugar beet tissue using salt solutions confirmed the efficiency of the proposed method. A design of an apparatus for the complex thermochemical processing of sugar beet chips before extraction using rational technical solutions has been developed. The proposed method and device for its implementation ensure high efficiency in processing raw materials of various qualities.
Integrated model of agricultural production through the use of non-waste technologies based on microorganisms
Authors: Matasova I.Yu. , Skoda V.V. , Shchebeteev Valery A. , Karadzhiyan Andrey M. , Mushaeva Kermen B. , Kurepina Natalya L.
Published: February 2025

The study developed and experimentally substantiated a model of a waste-free agricultural enterprise based on the application of biotechnology. The key element of the model is the production of effective microorganisms (EM preparations) in a fermenter and their use for waste processing, as well as for the production of feed additives, fertilisers and biogas. The efficiency of EM preparations application in animal husbandry and crop production has been experimentally shown. The data on increase of animal productivity, such as weight gain of young animals, milk yields of cows and egg production of chickens, as well as increase of crop yields have been obtained. The developed model allows not only to reduce the amount of waste, but also to increase the economic efficiency of agricultural production. The study demonstrates the prospect of using biotechnology to create sustainable and highly productive agricultural systems that help to reduce the negative impact on the environment.
Application of statistical methods for the agriculture complex using the example of sugar beet production
Authors: Korobova Lyudmila , Tolstova Irina , Ivliev Maxim , Datsenko Natalia , Chikunov Sergey
Published: February 2025

The paper considers the issue of applying statistical methods that allow processing large technological data. At the initial stage, the technological process of beet sugar production was analyzed. The indicators (more than 40 parameters) were taken, and those that have the greatest influence on the technological process were selected. The values of the main parameters determine the varietal yield (sugar grade). The statistical analysis method was chosen as the main research method. Characteristic samples of 40 parameters were considered, the sample size was 179 values. Two quality parameters that determine the sugar grade were selected. Correlations of the characteristic initial parameters with the parameters of varietal sugar were checked. A mathematical processor was chosen as a tool for conducting the analysis. The Excel program contains almost all the functions and techniques that are missing in application development tools and much more. Statistical characteristics of some of the experimental samples under study are presented. And based on the obtained models, a conclusion was made that the third-order power model adequately describes the experimental data.
The halal standard: From the regulatory norms of eating behavior to large sectors of the economy
Authors: Valiev A.R. , Yazid Yaacob , Nezhmetdinova F.T. , Kalimullin M.N. , Salikhov R.T. , Parfenova K.A.
Published: February 2025

This article examines the evolution of the term “halal” using the example of Russia and Malaysia, from a religious dietary prescription to achieving the modern status of a significant economic force. The article analyzes how halal has transformed into a commercial product, as well as the impact of the regulatory framework, certification processes and technological innovations on its integration into the large-scale economy. The study focuses on the need for joint research work by Russian and Malaysian scientists aimed at using their unique experience to solve key tasks of harmonizing global halal standards, stimulating innovation in the field of halal food technologies and increasing consumer confidence, as well as market access.
Resource-saving tillage technologies and their impact on grain crop yields
Authors: Latyaheva Zoya I. , Zyukin Danil A. , Karpushin Nikita A.
Published: February 2025

The work is devoted to analysing the efficiency of resource-saving tillage technologies, namely minimum and zero tillage, in the cultivation of grain crops. Experimental work was carried out in different agro-climatic zones, using conventional, minimum and zero tillage. The influence of different tillage systems on yield, economic indicators of production and agrophysical properties of soil was studied. It was found that minimum tillage provides higher yield of grain crops compared to traditional ploughing, as well as improves soil structure, increases its biological activity and reduces fuel costs. Zero tillage in case of observance of technologies provides yield at the level of traditional tillage. The necessity of further study and adaptation of resource-saving technologies to specific soil and climatic conditions in order to achieve maximum economic and environmental efficiency has been revealed. The results emphasise the prospects of minimum tillage for sustainable agricultural development.
Transformation of the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan
Authors: Nussipali Rollan , Asilyan L.V. , Grigoryan A.G. , Zatsarinnaya Irina A. , Kupriyanenko Nikolay A.
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the study is to identify the key areas necessary to ensure food security, improve the competitiveness of the agrarian sector and stimulate economic growth of the agro-industrial sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The research methodology is based on the analysis of regulatory documents, statistical data and scientific publications. The analysis revealed imbalances in the development of various spheres of agro-industrial complex, inefficient use of state support, low level of innovation implementation and underdevelopment of the processing industry. It was found that despite the allocation of significant public funds to support the industry, they are not always used effectively. In particular, most of them are directed to direct subsidies rather than to the development of infrastructure and introduction of modern technologies. The conclusions are drawn about the need to revise the state policy, with a focus on stimulating investment in innovative development, technological modernisation and development of the agrarian processing industry.
Harrington function as an integral approach to assessing food security in Russia
Authors: Qian Xinyi , Salikov Yu.A. , Kolomytseva O.Yu. , Maslov A.V.
Published: February 2025

In accordance with the new doctrine of food security of the Russian Federation, which includes 14 key indicators, a comprehensive analysis of the level of food security in Russia for 2019–2023 was conducted. A surrogate function based on the Harrington function was used for the analysis. Using a standard Excel program, a linear equation with a high degree of correlation with the Harrington function was determined, which allowed ensuring the accuracy of calculations. In order to standardize the data and their dimensionless transformation, the method of linear scaling was applied, which allowed deriving an individual linear equation for each indicator. On the basis of the obtained data, a universal integral indicator was developed, which allows for a comprehensive assessment of food security. The results of the analysis showed that the level of food security in Russia during the period under study was at an average level. The minimum value was recorded in 2021 (0.415), the maximum in 2022 (0.552). The dynamics of the indicators emphasizes the importance of developing measures aimed at eliminating risks and strengthening the sustainability of the food system in the long term.