bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melatonin influences the early growth stage in Zoysia japonica Steud. by regulating plant oxidation and genes of hormones
Authors: Dong Di , Wang Mengdi , Li Yinreuizhi , Liu Zhuocheng , Li Shuwen , Chao Yuehui , Han Liebao
Published: June 2021

Zoysia japonicais a commonly used turfgrass species around the world. Seed germination is a crucial stage in the plant life cycle and is particularly important for turf establishment and management. Experiments have confirmed that melatonin can be a potential regulator signal in seeds. To determine the effect of exogenous melatonin administration and explore the its potential in regulating seed growth, we studied the concentrations of several hormones and performed a transcriptome analysis of zoysia seeds after the application of melatonin. The total antioxidant capacity determination results showed that melatonin treatment could significantly improve the antioxidant capacity of zoysia seeds. The transcriptome analysis indicated that several of the regulatory pathways were involved in antioxidant activity and hormone activity. The hormones concentrations determination results showed that melatonin treatment contributed to decreased levels of cytokinin, abscisic acid and gibberellin in seeds, but had no significant effect on the secretion of auxin in early stages. Melatonin is able to affect the expression of IAA (indoleacetic acid) response genes. In addition, melatonin influences the other hormones by its synergy with other hormones. Transcriptome research in zoysia is helpful for understanding the regulation of melatonin and mechanisms underlying melatonin-mediated developmental processes in zoysia seeds.
GMP compliant isolation of mucosal epithelial cells and fibroblasts from biopsy samples for clinical tissue engineering
Authors: Tait Angela , Proctor Toby , Hamilton Nick J. I. , Birchall Martin A. , Lowdell Mark W.
Published: June 2021

Engineered epithelial cell sheets for clinical replacement of non-functional upper aerodigestive tract mucosa are regulated as medicinal products and should be manufactured to the standards of good manufacturing practice (GMP). The current gold standard for growth of epithelial cells for research utilises growth arrested murine 3T3 J2 feeder layers, which are not available for use as a GMP compliant raw material. Using porcine mucosal tissue, we demonstrate a new method for obtaining and growing non-keratinised squamous epithelial cells and fibroblast cells from a single biopsy, replacing the 3T3 J2 with a growth arrested primary fibroblast feeder layer and using pooled Human Platelet lysate (HPL) as the media serum supplement to replace foetal bovine serum (FBS). The initial isolation of the cells was semi-automated using an Octodissociator and the resultant cell suspension cryopreservation for future use. When compared to the gold standard of 3T3 J2 and FBS containing medium there was no reduction in growth, viability, stem cell population or ability to differentiate to mature epithelial cells. Furthermore, this method was replicated with Human buccal tissue, providing cells of sufficient quality and number to create a tissue engineered sheet.
Design of a multi-epitope vaccine against cervical cancer using immunoinformatics approaches
Authors: Sanami Samira , Azadegan-Dehkordi Fatemeh , Rafieian-Kopaei Mahmoud , Salehi Majid , Ghasemi-Dehnoo Maryam , Mahooti Mehran , Alizadeh Morteza , Bagheri Nader
Published: June 2021

Cervical cancer, caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), is the fourth most common type of cancer among women worldwide. While HPV prophylactic vaccines are available, they have no therapeutic effects and do not clear up existing infections. This study aims to design a therapeutic vaccine against cervical cancer using reverse vaccinology. In this study, the E6 and E7 oncoproteins from HPV16 were chosen as the target antigens for epitope prediction. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and helper T lymphocytes (HTL) epitopes were predicted, and the best epitopes were selected based on antigenicity, allergenicity, and toxicity. The final vaccine construct was composed of the selected epitopes, along with the appropriate adjuvant and linkers. The multi-epitope vaccine was evaluated in terms of physicochemical properties, antigenicity, and allergenicity. The tertiary structure of the vaccine construct was predicted. Furthermore, several analyses were also carried out, including molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and in silico cloning of the vaccine construct. The results showed that the final proposed vaccine could be considered an effective therapeutic vaccine for HPV; however, in vitro and in vivo experiments are required to validate the efficacy of this vaccine candidate.
Solid-state NMR studies of internuclear correlations for characterizing catalytic materials
Authors: Qi Guodong , Wang Qiang , Xu Jun , Deng Feng
Published: June 2021

This tutorial review describes the solid-state NMR correlation spectroscopy techniques and their applications to various catalytic materials for atomic-level understanding of structures and reaction mechanisms.
A phenomenological kinetic equation for mechanochemical reactions involving highly deformable molecular solids
Authors: Carta Maria , Delogu Francesco , Porcheddu Andrea
Published: June 2021

With its ability to enable solvent-free chemical reactions, mechanochemistry promises to open new and greener synthetic routes to chemical products of industrial interest.
Efficient photodegradation of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol over Fe-doped BiOCl nanosheets with oxygen vacancy
Authors: Wu Haoyuan , Liu Xiangming , Xu Hua , Yang Xinmin , Ye Jinhua
Published: June 2021

Fe-BiOCl nanosheets exhibited 3.1 times enhanced photoactivity, which was attributed to the Fenton-like reaction and the better charge separation, thus more reactive oxygen species (˙OH and ˙O2−) involved in the photodegradation process.
Size effect of the CoxMn1−xO precursor for Fischer–Tropsch to olefins over Co2C-based catalysts
Authors: Gong Kun , Lin Tiejun , Yu Fei , An Yunlei , Wang Xinxing , Zhong Liangshu , Sun Yuhan
Published: June 2021

The abundant oxygen vacancies in the CoxMn1−xO precursor with small size accelerated the carburization process to generate a large number of active Co2C nanoprisms, resulting in high activity and high olefin selectivity.
Chiral organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites based on α-alanine
Authors: Sirenko Valerii Y. , Kucheriv Olesia I. , Naumova Dina D. , Fesych Igor V. , Linnik Rostyslav P. , Dascălu Ioan-Andrei , Shova Sergiu , Fritsky Igor O. , Gural'skiy Il'ya A.
Published: June 2021

Novel hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites AlaH+PbHal3−·H2O incorporating chiral α-alanine were synthesized.
Bioanodes containing catalysts from onion waste and Bacillus subtilis for energy generation from pharmaceutical wastewater in a microbial fuel cell
Authors: Duarte-Urbina O. J. , Rodríguez-Varela F. J. , Fernández-Luqueño F. , Vargas-Gutiérrez G. , Sánchez-Castro M. E. , Escobar-Morales B. , Alonso-Lemus I. L.
Published: June 2021

Performance of the FAOW8 + B. subtilis bioanode in an MFC (a 14-day test) using pharmaceutical wastewater (pH = 9.2) as a substrate.
pH assists simultaneous determination of folic acid and vitamin D3in biological fluids using a novel Tb3+–acyclovir optical biosensor
Authors: Alharthi Sarah , Attia M. S. , Abou-Omar M. N.
Published: June 2021

An innovative, simple and cost effective Tb3+–acyclovir photo probe was designed and used as a core for a spectrofluorometric approach to sensitively determine two vital biological compounds in different matrices.
Sol/gel transition of oil/water microemulsions controlled by surface grafted triblock copolymer dodecyl–PEO227–dodecyl: molecular dynamics simulations with experimentally validated interaction potential
Authors: Khatouri M. , Lemaalem M. , Ahfir R. , El Khaoui S. , Derouiche A. , Filali M.
Published: June 2021

We studied the sol/gel transition of oil/water microemulsion (O/W-MI) covered with dodecyl–(polyEthylene oxide)227–dodecyl triblock copolymer.
Defect passivation and humidity protection for perovskite solar cells enabled by 1-dodecanethiol
Authors: He Dingchao , Xu Xiaoxiao , Liang Zheng , Niu Yuanjuan , Sun Yuan , Gavin Tulloch , Falaras Polycarpos , Hu Linhua
Published: June 2021

The introduction of 1-dodecanethiol surface modifier results in defects repair and enhanced perovskite film stability against high humidity, which positively affect charge transport mechanisms and boost the performance of perovskite solar cells.
Head pose‐free gaze estimation using domain adaptation
Authors: Ahn Byungtae , Seo Minseok , Choi Dong‐Geol
Published: June 2021

Human gaze information has been widely used in various areas, such as medical diagnosis and human–computer interactions (HCI). This study proposes a head pose‐free 3D gaze estimation method using a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). To infer gaze direction, only a small grayscale image is required without any special devices such as an infrared (IR) illuminator and RGBD sensor. A domain adaptation method to reduce the feature gap between real and synthetic image data is also proposed here. Moreover, a novel synthetic dataset (SynFace) that contains head poses, gaze directions, and facial landmarks is established and released. The proposed method outperforms state‐of‐the‐art methods and achieves a mean error of less than 4○.
A generalised eigenvalue reweighting covariance matrix estimation algorithm for airborne STAP radar in complex environment
Authors: Xiao Hao , Wang Tong , Wen Cai , Ren Bing
Published: June 2021

To improve the space‐time adaptive processing (STAP) performance of airborne radar in complex environment, a generalised eigenvalue reweighting covariance matrix estimation algorithm called GERCM is proposed here. First, the interference plus noise (IPN) covariance matrix of cell under test (CUT) data is estimated by the selected target‐free training samples around the CUT with the sample covariance matrix method. Then, with the component decompositions of the selected training samples and the assumption of approximately equal subspace, the IPN covariance matrix of CUT data is reformulated by the eigenvector matrix, eigenvalue matrix, and the eigenvalue reweighting vector. Subsequently, based on the modified covariance matching estimation criterion, the eigenvalue reweighting vector is estimated by solving the redesigned convex optimisation problem with the Lagrange dual method. Finally, the STAP weight vector is calculated to process the CUT data. The proposed algorithm can obtain a relatively accurate IPN covariance matrix of CUT data by sufficiently utilising the non‐homogeneous training samples and can effectively protect the moving targets in CUT data, which can be applied to airborne radar with arbitrary array structure and antenna configuration. Simulation results and performance analyses based on the multi‐channel airborne radar measurement data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed GERCM algorithm.
Formation of ad hoc microgrids for prompt critical load pickup during blackouts by leveraging stochastic distributed energy resources
Authors: Chin Jun‐Xing , Hug Gabriela
Published: June 2021

Extreme weather events that are increasing in frequency and impact can cause extended disruptions to power grids. To increase the resilience of power grids, focus is shifting from infrastructure hardening to quickening the restoration of distribution systems after a disaster. One method to achieve this is through the use of microgrids leveraging distributed generation in islanded mode. While much work has been done in using microgrids for system restoration, the stochastic nature of distributed energy resources (DERs) have so far been neglected. Here, a data‐driven approach to leverage stochastic DERs to form ad hoc microgrids to supply local critical loads prior to wide‐scale system restoration is presented. The proposed method is tested on a modified IEEE European LV Test Feeder. Results show that considering the stochastic nature of the resources during microgrid formation greatly affects their supply adequacy confidence levels.
Remote NOx emission prediction model based on LSTM neural network
Authors: Wang Tiantian , Cheng Yayu , Hu Jie , Wan Chuan , Zou Bifeng
Published: June 2021

Test results from many researchers show that NOx emission from many on-broad heavy-duty diesel vehicles is higher than which been registered. Therefore, CN_VI emission regulations clearly proposes that the heavy-duty diesel vehicles should be supervised by a T-BOX which can transmit CAN message from vehicle OBD interface to the remote monitoring platform. Based on the formation mechanism of NOx emission and the variety of OBD data flow, the LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) neural network model inputs such as engine speed, torque, atmospheric pressure, coolant temperature, fuel consumption rate and intake air mass flow are selected by using partial least square method (PLS). 19877 groups of data from engine test results were used for model training and verification, the root mean square error of training and test are RTR = 29.7 × 10-6 and RTE = 19.9 × 10-6,with a high prediction accuracy which can fully meet the requirements of the SCR system DeNOx performance diagnosis module in the OBD remote monitoring system.
Influence of multiple pre-injection on engine performance based on exhaust gas control
Authors: Zhang Enxing , Li Tengteng , Yin Zenghui , Li Guotian , Hao Jing , Yu Zhengran
Published: June 2021

With the development of the society, the emission laws are increasingly strict, and EGR and multiple pre-injection strategy can effectively reduce emissions. In order to study the influence of EGR rate and pre-injection on the emission and performance of engine, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation model was established based on GT power. By changing the EGR rate, the number of pre-injection and the amount of pre-injection, the best technology coupling point is explored. The results show that EGR can effectively reduce the generation of NOx, but it will lead to the increase of soot production and the decrease of power; pre-injection can improve the trade-off relationship between NOx and power.
Study on the decomposition of vehicle evaporative emissions
Authors: Liao Kun , Zhang Ni , Wei Lingyun , Sun Wen , Qu Shenghua
Published: June 2021

With the further tightening of light vehicle emission regulations, the emission limit of evaporative pollutants is reduced from 2.0g/test to 0.7g/test from the fifth stage to the sixth stage in China. The definition of evaporative pollutants in the regulation refers to the hydrocarbon loss from the fuel system of the vehicle. Through the actual evaporation test, it is found that the tested emissions include not only the hydrocarbon emissions from the fuel system, but also the hydrocarbon emissions from the non fuel system. In this study, an experimental study on evaporative pollutants was carried out for a vehicle and its components developed by Dongfeng Motor Company. The results show that the hydrocarbon emission from fuel system accounts for 21% of the total hydrocarbon emission. In order to reduce the emission of evaporative pollutants, we can start from two aspects: one is to improve the design of fuel system; the other is to carry out specific pretreatment for non fuel system.
The effects of exhaust gas recirculation on NOx storage pathway
Authors: Zhao Jin , Li Zhijun , Li Shilong , Shuai Shijin , Liu Shiyu , Cao Lijuan
Published: June 2021

A LNT (lean NOx trap) model coupled with EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) was developed based on the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism to investigate the EGR effects on NOx adsorption pathway of LNT catalysts with temperature changed in range 150℃~550℃. Both the nitrate and nitrite adsorption paths were considered for the NOx storage process in the model as well as the spillover of stored NOx between Ba and Pt sites. The data and validation for modelling were from literatures of predecessors and our previous lean-burn gasoline engine experiment*. The model quantified the contributions of both nitrate route and nitrite route to the NOx storage with change of EGR rate (0%~30%) under raw emission atmosphere from tested gasoline engine. The model captured key feature of different trends of nitrate route and nitrite route with increasing temperature (150℃~550℃) under EGR rate varying from 0% to 25%. The LNT model provided insight of reaction mechanism for interpreting the behaviour of NOx storage with change of GER rate and temperature, which contributed to improve the NOx storage capacity when mapping EGR rate for lean-burn engine and catalyst operation strategy optimization.
Combined effects of combustion chamber geometry and injection strategy on combustion and emissions of a diesel engine
Authors: Zhang Jizhou , Yan Fuwu , Wang Yu
Published: June 2021

For a certain type of direct injection diesel engine, a three-dimensional model of a single-cylinder complete combustion chamber and in-take/exhaust port was established. Three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis software CONVERGE was used for simulation. The effects of fuel injection strategy and combustion chamber geometry on combustion emissions of diesel engine were studied while the combustion chamber volume, engine compression ratio, total fuel injection quantity and total injection duration were kept unchanged. The results show that the strategy of multiple injection and reasonable shape of combustion chamber can effectively increase the turbulent kinetic energy in cylinder, improve the uniformity of oil-gas mixing, reduce the emission of pollutants, and increase the quality of after injection can further reduce the emissions of NOx and soot.
Research on the effect of different test cycles on low temperature emissions and fuel consumption of Light plug-in hybrid cars
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhong Chongzhi , Li Chun
Published: June 2021

Based on a plug-in hybrid car equipped with a 1.5L turbocharged direct injection gasoline engine, this paper studies the emission and fuel consumption characteristics of the prototype vehicle under three different cycle conditions, WLTC city, WLTC and CLTC-P. The results show that for the four pollutants: CO, THC, NMHC and NOx, WLTC city cycle emissions are the largest, WLTC cycle emissions are the smallest, CLTC-P cycle emissions are the middle. For N2O, WLTC cycle has the largest combined emissions, CLTC-P cycle combined emissions are the smallest, and WLTC city cycle combined emissions are the center. The combined fuel consumption under WLTC city conditions is approximately 1.3 times the combined fuel consumption under the complete WLTC cycle. The combined fuel consumption under CLTC-P conditions is approximately 1.25 times that of the complete WLTC cycle. The first phase of each cycle is the phase with the highest emissions and fuel consumption.
Research on the effects of idling start-stop function on light vehicles fuel consumption and emission under different cycle conditions
Authors: Ma Zhicheng , Fu Tieqiang , Wang Yuwei , Zhao Wei , Zhang Luowei
Published: June 2021

The idling distribution characteristics of NEDC, WLTC and CLTC conditions were analyzed, and the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of three light gasoline vehicles when the idling start-stop function was turned on and off under different cycle conditions were measured. The effects of idling start-stop function on light vehicle fuel consumption and emissions under different cycle conditions were analyzed. The results show that the vehicle fuel saving rate of the idling start-stop function in three cycle conditions is WLTC, NEDC and CLTC conditions from low to high. The idling start-stop function has little effect on vehicle gaseous pollutant emissions. On the whole, the the activation of idling start-stop function increases the THC and CO emissions and reduces NOx emissions.
Research on the fuel consumption conservation potential of ADAS on passenger cars
Authors: Qian Guogang , Fu Tieqiang , Sun Long
Published: June 2021

Under the trend of automobile electrification, network connection, and intelligence, EU and USA have carried out fuel-saving research and initiatives on ADAS and CAV. The eCoMove project has aimed at economically optimal driving control and traffic management; MAVEN discusses the technical path of GLOSA (Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory) and ecological auto-driving EAD (Eco-Autonomous Driving) by smoothing the vehicle speed. The American NEXTCAR project contains multiple projects. When supplemented with DSF (Dynamic Skip Fire) and 48V technology, the road test led by Ohio State University resulted in a 15% fuel saving rate. Platoon and optimizing intersection signal lights can offer vehicles a more fuel-efficient condition; slope energy utilization, HEV SOC active management, cold storage evaporator, coasting, 48V and mDSF (miller cycle Dynamic Skip Fire) fuel-saving potential has been fully utilized.
Intellectualized testing & evaluation application based on unmanned test platform
Authors: Liang Rongliang , Yang Chang
Published: June 2021

Taking three pure electric vehicles as the research object, the energy consumption and acceleration performance of the electric vehicle are tested and evaluated through the use of the intelligent unmanned test platform of the whole vehicle, which ensures that the accurate and high-speed test of the road test can be realized on the basis of no driver in the vehicle. For the electric vehicle energy consumption test, the intelligent unmanned test platform is used for road test, which not only effectively avoids the driver driving the test vehicle for a long time, but also ensures the accuracy and reliability of the test data. According to the test results, the acceleration response and energy consumption test results of three pure electric vehicles are analyzed and evaluated.
Design of OBD function test on production vehicle (PVE)
Authors: Wang Lihui , Zou Xionghui , Qin Hongyu , Geng Peilin
Published: June 2021

Production Vehicle Evaluation (PVE) test mainly verifies the functionality of OBD system. PVE J2 test needs to verify the diagnostic mechanism for all the diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC). While the design of fault simulation method is one of the technical difficulties of the whole PVE test. Due to the late start of PVE in China, test methods and technical skills are inadequate. This paper elaborates the failure monitoring principle and diagnosis mechanism of OBD system in detail,systematically introduces the PVE methods and J1, J2, J3 test procedures, studies and analyses the types of OBD malfunction and various fault simulation methods,finally forms a set of PVE test specifications.
A software and hardware design scheme of intelligent valve positioner
Authors: Xu Haiming , Zhang Lanzhu
Published: June 2021

Valve positioner is the core component of the pneumatic control valve. A new software and hardware design scheme of intelligent valve positioner is presented in this paper. The circuit composition of each part of the intelligent valve positioner is introduced in hardware part. Based on it, a hardware solution to realize HART ‘multi-point’ communication is proposed in this research. In the software design, a novel combined PID control algorithm is proposed to solve the nonlinear problem caused by the friction between the valve stem and the packing during the control process. Simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper is better than traditional PID method and fuzzy PID method. The software and hardware design scheme of the valve positioner proposed in this paper has certain guiding significance for the development of related products.
Road classification based on SVM and vehicle body vibration
Authors: Fu Xiaoyi , Zhao Yuzhuang
Published: June 2021

Obtaining road surface information to make the vehicle run in the best condition can not only reduce energy consumption and vehicle loss, but also improve driving safety. In this paper, specific car body information was preprocessed as root mean square value, and SVM offline training was used. The recognition rate of off-road and highway can reach 98%. Compared with traditional threshold recognition, SVM has better adaptability and robustness. On the premise of keeping easy to obtain, the discrimination accuracy of the root mean square value is obviously better than the original value and the mean value.
Mechanical structural health prognosis with nonlinear mixed frequency ultrasonic signal analysis
Authors: Chen Hanxin , Liu Mingming , Hu Zhenyu , Li Menglong , Li Sen
Published: June 2021

In order to detect the early fatigue crack of mechanical components simply, this paper puts forward the ultrasonic testing technology of different side collinear mixing. Firstly, based on the nonlinear ultrasonic theory, the method of calculating the difference frequency and sum frequency nonlinear coefficients of mixing ultrasonic is deduced. Then, the ram-5000 SINAP ultrasonic system is used to detect the aluminum alloy specimens with five different depth fatigue cracks, and the corresponding spectrum diagram is drawn. From the experimental results, we get that the crack depth is positively correlated with the nonlinear coefficients of difference frequency and sum frequency within a certain crack depth. Finally, by analyzing and fitting the experimental data, the prediction models of the difference frequency and sum frequency nonlinear coefficients on the crack depth are established. Through the analysis and combination of the above two prediction models, the prediction model of the mixing relative nonlinear coefficient is established, and the average error of the three prediction models is compared. The results show that the mixing relative nonlinear model has better results. The research work in this paper makes a useful exploration for crack detection and crack depth prediction.
Integral Analysis of RCA of Irkutsk Region Companies
Authors: Filatov Evgeniy A.
Published: June 2021

The financial position of a company depends on its liquidity, or otherwise, on how soon the funds invested in the assets turn into real money. The growth of non-payments complicates the company’s rhythmic activities (purchase of raw materials, payment of labor and other expenses generated from revenue) and leads to an increase in accounts receivable. At the same time, excessive diversion of funds to production stocks, work in progress, finished products, etc. leads to the deadening of resources and inefficient use of working capital. Successful solution of the problem of working capital optimization can significantly increase the financial stability of the company, refinance and repay the debt, and significantly facilitate debt restructuring. Therefore, effective management of the company’s working capital is the key to increasing the turnover of property and sales volumes. It involves not only the search for and attraction of additional sources of financing, but also their rational placement in the current assets of the company. The article presents the author’s model of analyzing the profitability of working capital. The article reveals the influence of factors affecting the profitability of working capital and author’s methodical approach to his calculations (method # 2 integral factor analysis, developed by Filatov E.A.). The article presents the author’s analytical, systematic statistical analysis of key performance indicators reveal the influence to change the profitability of working capital of the companies in the Irkutsk region of the Russian Federation.
Funding of Technology-Driven Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Bulgaria
Authors: Ahmedova Sibel
Published: June 2021

Technological entrepreneurship and innovation are becoming one of the main driving forces for the economic and sustainable development of national economies. Thoroughly analyzed, therefore, in the present paper are the sources of funding for the Bulgarian enterprises driven by technology-based entrepreneurship and innovation. Their role is equally considered on the basis of indicators such as: performed innovations and obtained sources of funding for the technological enterprises, the country’s share of high technology exports, and others. Special focus is given on the barriers created to the enterprises associated with technological entrepreneurship and innovation in Bulgaria.
Synergy of Business, Law and Economy in the Smart-Contract Implementation
Authors: Sazonova Irina V. , Mazhaeva Vladlena S. , Potkin Alexandr A. , Kuznetsova Marina A.
Published: June 2021

The evolution of digital technologies leads to a tectonic transformation of all spheres of society. Law, as a system of regulating public relations, is changing dynamically along with the development of public relations in different spheres. The development of IT led to the emergence of blockchain technology, which, in turn, became the basis for the development of smart contracts. Smart contract technology, as it develops, causes changes not only in the legislation, but also in the model of interaction between the state and business. Due to smart contracts, a significant part of the rules can be algorithmized, and the regulation can become machine-readable. Purpose of the research: Legal research of the current legislation, the synergy of business, law and economy in the implementation of smart contract technology, determination of theoretical concepts in relation to smart contracts, the content and problems of the application of smart contracts, and identification of the most significant proposals for improving legislation. Methods: The authors of the research used general and specific scientific methods. In the study of the technological foundations of the smart contract, the main methods were analysis, synthesis, analogy, and a system-structural approach.
Institutional Aspects of Stimulating Small Business
Authors: Demiroglu Niiara B.
Published: June 2021

The article emphasizes the need to consider the institutional environment of small businesses as the basis for ensuring the implementation of the state strategy for business development during the period of overcoming the consequences of the economic crisis that arose as a result of the spread of a new coronavirus infection. The comparative characteristic of the definitions “institutional environment” and “institutional environment of entrepreneurship” of domestic and foreign researchers is carried out. Conclusions are made about the need to study the interaction of elements of the institutional environment of entrepreneurship development in Russia. The stages of formation of the institutional environment of small business are summarized. The composition and structure of small business entities in recent years have been analyzed. The problems affecting the decrease in the level of the business climate are systematized. The institutions for supporting small businesses (the fund for support (development) of SMEs in the region, the SME corporation, Skolkovo, territories of advanced socio-economic development, special economic zones, industrial parks, etc.), which provide various types of support for entrepreneurs: subsidies, tax incentives, preferential lending, non-financial support, government guarantees. The role of the state as the initiator of the creation of various institutions that support the development of small business and implements programs for the strategic development of small and medium-sized businesses, stimulating the growth of investment potential, is emphasized. To conduct the research, the author used both theoretical and empirical methods.
The impact of the circular economy on the pro-ecological behaviour of consumers in Russia
Authors: Lazanyuk Inna , Ratner Svetlana , Gomonov Konstantin , Revinova Svetlana , Modi Swati
Published: June 2021

Russia is at the beginning of the development of a circular economy (CE). The development of pro-ecological behavior is one of the main goals to transition to circular patterns of production and consumption. The lack of readiness of technologies and infrastructure to support consumer behavior patterns can inhibit pro-ecological consumer patterns. However, world experience shows that cultural and economic barriers have the most significant impact on which of the practices of pro-environmental behavior are spreading and which are not. The study aims to analyze the reasons for the popularity and unpopularity of the patterns of pro-ecological behavior among Russia’s population. The research methodology is based on a developed questionnaire of 57 practices and aimed at assessing consumer responsiveness in pro-environmental behavior. The processing of the survey results carried out using descriptive and nonparametric statistics. This study argued that widespread adoption of circular economy approaches would require profound changes in manufacturing practices and consumption patterns. The results showed that environmental competence is influenced by external and internal factors that can coordinate the education process.
Strategic Analysis of Financial Risks in the Conditions of the Existing Macroeconomic Dynamics
Authors: Panasyuk Arthur , Shatokhin Mikhail , Kuleshov Sergei , Matyunin Leonid
Published: June 2021

The paper considers the theoretical and practical aspects of the analysis of financial risks in the context of the existing macroeconomic dynamics. The study describes the essence and main types of financial risks of business entities, which are actualized in a turbulent macroeconomic environment. The author proposes a methodological approach for conducting a strategic analysis of financial risks, which is based on their probabilistic assessment and quantitative substantiation of the impact force. Practical testing of the proposed methodology allows for a quantitative substantiation of the level of financial risks in the activities of an economic entity, which contributes to an increase in certainty in the mechanism of their management.
Comparative assessment of Islamic and traditional banking in the context of their sustainability
Authors: Tashtamirov Magomed , Abdurakhmanova Milana
Published: June 2021

The development of banking in particular, and the financial system as a whole, is associated with many transformations and transformations that relate not only to certain aspects of the activities of financial institutions, but also to the processes of forming new models for organizing financial transactions. One of these models is the Islamic system of organizing financial activities, which has been actively developing over the past 30 years. However, the question of comparing Islamic finance and the traditional approach to organizing banking activities in terms of their efficiency, stability and liquidity remains open. This study is aimed at identifying and systematizing the main approaches to the comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the two models of financial activity. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the Islamic bank has both differences from traditional banking institutions, which is associated with the specifics of individual states and the architecture of national banking systems, and similar identical characteristics, which indicate an insignificant difference in the efficiency and sustainability of the two models.
Innovations in Industry as a Factor of Structural Changes in the Economy: Russian Experience
Authors: Akberdina Victoria , Smirnova Olga
Published: June 2021

Sustainable development the industrial complex is impossible without the creation and maintenance of an innovative climate. The article presents a study of the patterns and trends of structural changes in the Russian economy. The authors describe the model of structural-dynamic processes, justify the thesis that the dynamics of economic indicators and structural technological changes are in a certain correspondence. In conclusion, the authors identify a number of reasons for Russia’s lagging behind developed countries.
Digitalization of agricultural sector of the Russian Federation: features and development trends
Authors: Kulik Anna , Gerasimova Natalya , Kalutskaya Natalya , Druznikova Elena , Fernando Munoz Andrade Luis
Published: June 2021

Currently, the economies of most developed countries in the world are at the stage of digital transformation. Daily streams of information data contain various innovations, nanotechnologies, business projects, and know-hows. Smart technologies are turning out to be faster, more compact, more efficient, and more powerful every year and are becoming the key to solving problems in various fields of activity. The agricultural sector is no exception. Over the past decade, the agro-industrial complex has undergone numerous changes as part of government projects on implementation of IT systems designed to solve a wide range of tasks, to search for new technologies of manufacturing environmentally friendly and safe products, thereby expanding possibilities for the agricultural market to enter a new level of international trade.
Analysis of Factors in the Formation of Human Resources for the Development of the Digital Economy
Authors: Kopteva Jeanne , Krupchatnikov Roman , Tomakova Irina , Tuboltseva Galina
Published: June 2021

At present, the region of the country is trying to actively implement the policy of innovative development, which is clearly reflected in projects such as “Human Resources for the Digital Economy” within the framework of the “Digital Economy in the Russian Federation” program. The Kursk region has sufficient potential for sustainable economic development, which can be achieved by providing highly qualified personnel to build the digital economy. The result of the study is the identification of a number of factors affecting the feasibility of the project “Human Resources for the Digital Economy” of the national program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation”.
Integrated HR Risk Management System
Authors: Nevmerzhitskaya Olesya
Published: June 2021

The study provides an overview of works related to the formation of theoretical and methodological tools for assessing personnel risks. The absence of a unified theoretical approach to building an integrated HR risk management system in organizations has been substantiated. Methods that have a theoretical and methodological basis for creating organizational and methodological tools for managing personnel risks are considered. Proposals have been developed for the development of tools for analyzing personnel risks, affecting the applied aspects of management in the field of labor, taking into account the specifics of activities that are priority from the point of view of the application and use of knowledge, skills and qualifications of workers. The theoretical and practical features of defining promising directions in the development of the theory of personnel risk management based on the competence-based approach have been determined. Presented are some aspects of activities to identify threats in the management of business entities. The theoretical and methodological features of the representation of personnel risk in personnel management procedures are considered. It is shown that the ongoing changes in the field of personnel management require from the management staff to form new approaches to identifying threats in the world of work.
Content of Labor Potential and Formation of the Employee Competitive Advantages in the Cultural Context
Authors: Radko Sergei G.
Published: June 2021

New personnel management systems are being built in the changing socio-economic conditions. Scientific and methodological approaches that make it possible to perform in-depth research on the labor opportunities of employees are developed. The article deals with the cultural aspects of the formation of competitive advantages of the employee in the conditions of the intersection of cultures. Representation of labor potential as a socio-economic category that reflects the ability of personnel realize the goals of the enterprise is given. The provision according to which competitive advantages are a means of improving the quality of relations in the labor sphere on the basis of labor potential, considering the cultural aspects of the competitive advantages of employees is substantiated. In what way it is possible to identify the content of the components of the labor potential of workers using the tools of the competence-based approach it is shown.
Human resource management practices in a Russian commercial bank in the context of an innovative economy
Authors: Shaytura Sergey , Madyarov Azat , Ordov Konstantin , Filimonov Sergey
Published: June 2021

This article examines the specifics of human resource management in the context of the promotion of an innovative economy. The study of the human resource management practices in Sberbank of Russia is highly relevant due to the challenges and external threats Russia currently faces and must respond to. The findings made following the analysis of the bank’s reports, surveys, and other open-source information indicate Sberbank’s high readiness to respond to the challenges typical of the new strategic context. At the same time, certain elements are identified without which such organizations operating in the conditions of the digital economy will not be able to outdo their competitors in the future. Sberbank has successfully implemented the Development Strategy through the consistent introduction of human resource management practices that correspond to the current trends involving the development of the information society. It is suggested that the range of tools used to establish an innovation-oriented environment be expanded with organizational democracy and agile leadership.
Conceptual Support of the Modern Educational Process
Authors: Popova Svetlana , Kokoreva Elena , Kirsanov Konstantin
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the conceptual directions of the development of education: all-age and continuous. Two interrelated basic tendencies of all-age education have been identified. The authors considered the specificity of educational concepts in different countries of the world. Depending on the level of embeddedness of research competence in the activity, a morphological five-aspect classification is proposed. The following aspects of the division were identified as independent: mental orientation of the individual to the implementation of research activities; own (individual) motivational apparatus that stimulates a person to carry out research activities; the level of requirements and the presence of high-quality psychological support of the close external environment for the formation of acquired properties (signs) in a person for the implementation of expedient research activities; the level of requirements and the presence of high-quality psychological support of the distant external environment for the formation of acquired properties (signs) in a person for the implementation of expedient research activities; the presence of a methodological and informational apparatus in an educational institution for identifying congenital and acquired personality inclinations to research activities. The system of research competence for a specific educational institution, including various aspects of its functioning, is presented by the authors in a code dimension (one of the basic requirements of the digital economy). A sequence of development of a code portrait is proposed, which allows the entire set of educational institutions to be divided according to the level of the state of the system of research competence, which gives the management apparatus of the university a powerful mechanism for the formation of acquired properties (attributes) in a person to carry out expedient research activities (creating the necessary volume and focus of research competence of students and trainees). Based on the proposed methodology, a comparison was made between two educational systems: domestic (Russian) and foreign (American).
Features of the Migration Flows in the Regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Shevyakin Andrey
Published: June 2021

Labor potential is one of the most important factors of functioning of the regional economy, which provides an opportunity for its development. Moreover, the role of labor potential increases with time. If in the past people were considered only as employees, nowadays at period of the development of automation and robotics, more and more attention is paid to creative approach and non-standard thinking. It determines the trend, in which higher and higher requirements are placed on the level of training and education of the labor force in the era of innovative technologies.
Risks and Their Management in Ensuring the Economic Security of the Enterprise
Authors: Kirishchieva Irina , Skorev Mikhail , Grafova Tatiana
Published: June 2021

In modern economic conditions, the activities of an enterprise are associated with an increased level of risks in all areas of activity, therefore, ensuring its economic security should be accompanied by the formation and implementation of a risk management system built into the enterprise management system. The analysis of the current regulatory legal acts in the field of enterprise risks is carried out, various definitions of the “risk” category as a multifaceted concept in regulatory legal documents, as well as in scientific works are presented. The necessity of forming a risk management system from the position of ensuring the economic security of an enterprise has been substantiated. The purpose, objectives, principles, main directions, basic provisions, sequence of actions in the cyclical process of risk management are disclosed. Considered are the positive aspects in the effective regulation of the enterprise, which are accompanied by the use of a risk management system in the environment of the enterprise to ensure its economic security.
Social Security as the Basis of the National Security of the Country and the Region
Authors: Logvinova Irina , Gorkovenko Natalya
Published: June 2021

The article examines the phenomena of «security» and «social security» from philosophical, sociological and psychological perspectives. The analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature on security issues undertaken by the authors of the article showed that solving the problems of ensuring social security of an individual and society as a whole involves the interdisciplinary integration of scientific knowledge (including in the field of pedagogy and education), which will allow us to develop practical recommendations for preventing the destruction of social systems. Based on the synthesis of the content of analytical reports and monitoring studies on security issues of the leading sociological centers of Russia and the materials of international expert organizations, in particular UN documents, indicators, indicators of the level of security and methods of their assessment are identified. The applied significance of the theoretical and methodological work lies in the search for models of functioning and management of systems for ensuring the security of the individual and society at all levels of social existence and life activity that are adequate to modern conditions.
Management of the Innovative Digital Technology Implementation in the Regions
Authors: Ershova Irina , Obukhova Anna , Belyaeva Olga , Aseev Oleg
Published: June 2021

The article defines the goals of digital transformation of companies, highlights the main distinctive elements of digitalization of enterprises, and classifies the factors that affect the speed of digital transformation. The authors assessed the level of digital economy development in Russia, Ukraine and developed countries over the period of 2007-2020 according to the International Digital Economy and Society Index (I-DESI) as well as the Global Innovation Index (GII). The change in the ranking of individual countries according to the GII is presented, top ten leading countries in each group are identified. The authors compare the most popular innovative technological trends, present the expected payback periods for investments in digital solutions in Russia and the world, determine the barriers that hinder the development of digitalization in companies. The analysis carried out shows that against the background of a significant slowdown in the global economic growth, there are concerns about a reduction in R&D, venture capital and intellectual property.