bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Level and Trend of Writing Sequences: A Review and Meta-Analysis of Writing Interventions for Students With Disabilities
Authors: Datchuk Shawn M. , Wagner Kyle , Hier Bridget O.
Published: January 2020

We examined effects of intervention on the level and trend of text-writing sequences of students with disabilities and writing difficulties, in addition to potential moderating effects related to student demographics (i.e., disability status, age, gender, and race) and writing task (i.e., sentence, essay, and narrative). We reviewed 18 single-case experimental design studies with a total of 96 students and subsequently meta-analyzed 15 of these studies with a total of 79 students using mixed-effects linear regression and an information-theoretic ranking of competing models. Results indicate that writing interventions, including direct instruction and self-regulated strategy development, produced gradual improvement in the trend of correct writing sequences per minute. Older students produced higher levels of writing sequences, but younger students showed steeper trends during intervention. Furthermore, students had higher levels of writing fluency on sentence-writing tasks than on discourse-writing tasks (narratives and essays).
Spillover Effects across Transnational Industrial Relations Agreements: The Potential and Limits of Collective Action in Global Supply Chains
Authors: Ashwin Sarah , Oka Chikako , Schuessler Elke , Alexander Rachel , Lohmeyer Nora
Published: January 2020

Using qualitative data from interviews with multiple respondents in 45 garment brands and retailers, as well as respondents from unions and other stakeholders, the authors analyze the emergence of the Action Collaboration Transformation (ACT) living wages initiative. They ask how the inter-firm coordination and firm–union cooperation demanded by a multi-firm transnational industrial relations agreement (TIRA) developed. Synthesizing insights from the industrial relations and private governance literatures along with recent collective action theory, they identify a new pathway for the emergence of multi-firm TIRAs based on common group understandings, positive experiences of interaction, and trust. The central finding is that existing union-inclusive governance initiatives provided a platform from which spillover effects developed, facilitating the formation of new TIRAs. The authors contribute a new mapping of labor governance approaches on the dimensions of inter-firm coordination and labor inclusiveness, foregrounding socialization dynamics as a basis for collective action and problematizing the limited scalability of this mode of institutional emergence.
Cultivating a Market Like the State: Rural Development and Democratic Decentralization in India
Authors: Daftary Dolly
Published: January 2020

Global policy organizations, financial institutions, and national governments have emphasized high-value agriculture in the world’s semi-arid areas inhabited by the greatest proportion of its poor, stressing linking households to markets to improve their well-being. This is assumed to involve state withdrawal and the ascendance of self-evident market forces. By means of ethnographic fieldwork in semi-arid western India, this paper discusses how the market does not arise spontaneously, but is deepened through state intensification. Rural households are imbricated with new markets by the state’s rendering of development policy market-driven, and through democratic decentralization, which has emerged as an instrument to facilitate the penetration of market actors into remote rural communities.
The false promise of homeownership: Homeowner societies in an era of declining access and rising inequality
Authors: Arundel Rowan , Ronald Richard
Published: January 2020

In the late 20th century, homeownership became entrenched in a wider societal project that sought to transform the economy and increase social inclusion. This project focused on mortgaged owner-occupation as a means not only to acquire a stable home, but also to realise greater economic security via asset accumulation. The underlying ideology featured an implicit promise that homeownership would be widespread, equalising and secure. Despite transformations in market conditions, such narratives have continued to underscore policy approaches and housing marketisation. This article directly confronts this promise. It first unpacks its key tenets before investigating their currency across three classic ‘homeowner societies’: the US, the UK and Australia. Our empirical findings reveal declining access to homeownership, increasing inequalities in concentrations of housing wealth and intensifying house-price volatility undermining asset security. The article contends that the imperative of homeownership that has sustained housing policy since the 1970s may be increasingly considered a ‘false promise’. Our analyses expose contemporary housing market dynamics that instead appear to enhance inequality and insecurity.
Exploring How Beliefs About Algorithms Shape (Offline) Success in Online Dating: A Two-Wave Longitudinal Investigation
Authors: Sharabi Liesel L.
Published: January 2020

Matching algorithms are a central feature of online dating, yet little research exists on their effectiveness—or people’s perceptions of their effectiveness—for recommending a mate. Accordingly, this study explores the effects of people’s beliefs in the legitimacy of algorithms on their first date with an online dating partner. Longitudinal survey data were collected from online dating participants leading up to and following the first date. Findings suggested that whether algorithms actually worked mattered less than whether participants had the perception that they worked for finding a partner. Moreover, participants reported better first dates to the extent that they believed in the efficacy of the compatibility matching process. The results have implications for understanding the role of algorithms in shaping relationship success on and off the internet.
Nature, value, and normativity: An introduction
Authors: De Anna Gabriele , De Caro Mario
Published: January 2020

This brief introduction expounds the reasons behind the collection of essays entitled ‘Nature, Value and Normativity’. Political and social philosophers have usually a hard time finding a role for considerations about nature (and human nature in particular) in their accounts of normativity, due to the risk of committing the naturalistic fallacy and/or running against people’s autonomy. Scepticism about appeals to nature in normative accounts of politics and society, however, seems bound to clash with the fact that nature constrains human action. The essays of the collection tackle some specific questions about the role of nature in accounts of value and normativity: the fact–value distinction, the relevance of emotions for normativity and values, the role of intersubjectivity in normative theory, as well as free will and action.
Normativity and emotional vulnerability
Authors: Bagnoli Carla
Published: January 2020

Are the emotions relevant for the theory of value and normativity? Is there a set of morally correct arrangements of emotions? Current debates are often structured as though there were only two theoretical options to approach these questions, a sentimentalist theory of some sort, which emphasizes the role of emotions in forming ethical behaviour and practical thought, and intellectualist rationalism, which denies that emotions can help at all in generating normativity and contributing to moral value, hence also denying that they may have any role to play in moral agency and moral thinking. In what follows, I will offer a Kantian account of ‘practical reason’ as the seat of moral agency, which recognizes a diversified and complex relation between reason and sensibility.
Preoperative Predictors of Response to Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Xiao Roy , Trask Douglas K. , Kominsky Alan H.
Published: January 2020

Objective

Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) is an effective treatment for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who fail continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). We assessed the relationship between patient characteristics and response to HGNS.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Single tertiary care institution.

Subjects and Methods

This study included CPAP‐intolerant patients with moderate to severe OSA after HGNS system implantation from November 2015 to December 2017. Patient measures, drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) findings, and apnea‐hypopnea indices (AHIs) were recorded.

Results

Forty‐eight patients underwent implantation with the following median measures: age, 66 years; body mass index, 28.6; and neck circumference, 41.0 cm. Patients were classified by Friedman tongue position (II, 27%; III, 56%; IV, 17%) and Mallampati grade (I, 25%; II, 50%; III, 23%; IV, 2%). By DISE, 71% had anterior‐posterior palatal collapse. Additionally, 38% had lateral oropharynx collapse; 50%, tongue base collapse; and 27%, epiglottis collapse. Following implantation, median AHI improved from 38.5 to 2.7 (P <. 001), and 92% of patients had no worse than mild OSA (8% moderate). Patients with Friedman tongue position grade II/III experienced greater change in AHI as compared with grade IV (94.2% vs 73.8%, P <. 001). Patients with Mallampati score I/II experienced greater improvement versus score III/IV (94.7% vs 66.5%, P <. 001). No DISE findings, including any obstruction or collapse, were associated with change in AHI.

Conclusion

This study further confirms HGNS as an effective treatment of CPAP‐intolerant OSA. Office measures such as Friedman tongue position IV and Mallampati III/IV were associated with mildly decreased response. DISE findings were not associated with patient response.
Who’s the boss? How and when process power moderates partner regulation of attachment defenses
Authors: Haydon Katherine C. , Woronzoff-Dashkoff Anna , Murphy Kelley
Published: January 2020

Emerging theories suggest that interpersonal power may moderate partner regulation of attachment-related defenses. This study tested whether partner negative engagement (attack, blame, and criticism) and process power (direction and control of conflict resolution) interacted to predict avoidant and anxious targets’ behavioral and physiological responses to conflict. We expected the greatest dysregulation when avoidant targets’ autonomy concerns were maximally threatened (i.e., when partners directed conflict using highly negative tactics) and when anxious targets’ abandonment concerns were maximally threatened (i.e., when highly negative partners disengaged from conflict). Results indicated that highly anxious people recovered poorly from conflict regardless of partner negative engagement and process power but showed greatest heart rate reactivity (HRR) to conflict when partners used strong negative engagement but did not direct conflict. Highly avoidant individuals’ HRR did not differ based on partner negative engagement or process power. As expected, however, they recovered the worst from conflict when highly negative partners directed conflict discussions and recovered best when partners directed conflict without using blame or criticism. Findings suggest that the meaning and consequences of process power may differ for avoidant versus anxious targets and underscore the need to integrate multiple conceptualizations of interpersonal power into future research on partner regulation.
Comparison of Interproximal Reduction Techniques and Proximal Strips: An Atomic Force Microscopic and Confocal Microscopic Study
Authors: S Pooja Harish , C Karunakara B , Reddy Sumitra
Published: January 2020

Objective: A vivo study was conducted to evaluate the surface roughness produced by two different methods: hand-held mechanical and air-rotor stripping and also by HORICO and Ortho-Organizer strips (Bengaluru, India), before and after polishing with 3M Sof-Lex Finishing Strips under Atomic Force Microscope.

Methodology: Study included 44 proximal surfaces of extracted premolars divided into a control group and 3 experimental groups with 12 surfaces in each. Hand-held mechanical stripping was done by 40 passages of 6 cm long abrasive strips and air-rotor stripping using high-speed air-rotor turbine hand piece. Polishing was done using 3M Sof-Lex finishing strips. Reduced teeth samples were viewed under Atomic Force Microscope and the proximal strips under Confocal microscope for surface roughness.

Results: Air-rotor stripping produced statistically significant more surface roughness compared to the mechanical reduction technique ( P = .01). There was no significant difference between the roughnesses produced by 2 different proximal strips. Tooth surface after IPR with polishing had less roughness compared to unpolished surface. There was no mean difference between the wear of proximal strips.

Conclusion: The mechanical reduction technique of interproximal surface produces less surface roughness compared to air-rotor stripping. Polishing with 3M Sof-Lex strips after reduction irrespective of the technique and material used gives smoother surface than even normal enamel.
They Lynched Mexican-Americans Too: A Question of Anglo Colorism
Authors: Hall Ronald E.
Published: January 2020

The act of lynching in the United States was in fact a form of domestic terrorism perpetrated against darker-skinned Americans. Historians have been pressed to acknowledge the lynching of African-Americans particularly in the Bible-belt South in such states as Mississippi and Alabama. The history of Mexican-Americans lynched by Anglo mobs has been for the most part, ignored by Western historians. Said ignored transgressions occurred frequently in border-states including Texas. Approximately 40 years before the lynching of 14-year-old African-American Emmett Till was the lynching of 14-year-old Mexican-American Antonio Gómez. Both were boys accused of Anglo disrespect. Buried in historical archives, the lynching of Gómez was a Mexican-American manifestation of Anglo colorism. Once informed, social scientists and the U.S. society at-large must then readily admit they lynched Mexican-Americans too!
Less is more: Proposals for how UN human rights treaty bodies can be more selective
Authors: Krommendijk Jasper
Published: January 2020

The UN human rights treaty body system will again be under scrutiny for reform in 2020, after more than a decade of fruitless attempts to strengthen it. This column explores some proposals for how the treaty bodies and the process of State reporting can become more effective. The central idea is that treaty bodies need to be more selective and avoid duplication to stop the current negative vicious circle and evaluation fatigue. To make the dialogue more constructive, the number of issues discussed should be limited to a handful and treaty bodies should consider smaller review panels and face to face seating.
Natural frequencies of a rotating curved cantilever beam: A perturbation method-based approach
Authors: Baxy Ajinkya , Sarkar Abhijit
Published: January 2020

The blades of propellers, fans, compressor and turbines can be modeled as curved beams. In general, for industrial application, finite element method is employed to determine the modal characteristics of these structures. In the present work, a novel formula for determining the natural frequencies of a rotating circularly curved cantilever beam is derived. Rayleigh–Ritz approach is used along with perturbation method to obtain the analytical formula. In the first part of the work, a formula for natural frequencies of a non-rotating curved beam vibrating in its plane of curvature is presented. This formula is derived as a correction to the natural frequencies of its straight counterpart. The curvature is treated as a perturbation parameter. In the next part of the work, the effect of rotation on the curved beam is captured as an additional perturbation. Thus, the formula for a curved rotating beam is derived as a correction (involving two perturbation parameters) to the non-rotating straight beam. The results obtained using the derived formula are compared with the finite element method results. It is found that the frequency estimates from the formula are valid over a fairly large range of curvature and rotation speed. Thus, the derived formula can provide a faster alternative for design iterations in industrial applications.
Carotid artery ultrasound image analysis: A review of the literature
Authors: Latha S , Samiappan Dhanalakshmi , Kumar R
Published: January 2020

Stroke is one of the prominent causes of death in the recent days. The existence of susceptible plaque in the carotid artery can be used in ascertaining the possibilities of cardiovascular diseases and long-term disabilities. The imaging modality used for early screening of the disease is B-mode ultrasound image of the person in the artery area. The objective of this article is to give a widespread review of the imaging modes and methods used for studying the carotid artery for identifying stroke, atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases. We encompass the review in methods used for artery wall tracking, intima–media, and lumen segmentation which will help in finding the extent of the disease. Due to the characteristics of the imaging modality used, the images have speckle noise which worsens the image quality. Adaptive homomorphic filtering with wavelet and contourlet transforms, Levy Shrink, gamma distribution were used for image denoising. Learning-based neural network approaches for denoising give better edge preservation. Domain knowledge-based segmentation approaches have proved to provide more accurate intima–media thickness measurements. There is a requirement of useful fully automatic segmentation approaches, 3D, 4D systems, and plaque motion analysis. Taking into consideration the image priors like geometry, imaging physics, intensity and temporal data, image analysis has to be performed. Encouragingly more research has focused on content-specific segmentation and classification techniques. With the evaluation of machine learning algorithms, classifying the image as with or without a fat deposit has gained better accuracy and sensitivity. Machine learning–based approaches like self-organizing map, k-nearest neighborhood and support vector machine achieve promising accuracy and sensitivity in classification. The literature reveals that there is more scope in identifying a patient-specific model in a fully automatic manner.
The impact of in-work benefits on work incentives and poverty in four European countries
Authors: Vandelannoote Dieter , Verbist Gerlinde
Published: January 2020

This article studies the impact of design characteristics of in-work benefits on labour supply and poverty in an international comparative setting, taking account of both first-order (without taking labour supply effects into account) and second-order effects (taking labour supply effects into account). We use the microsimulation model EUROMOD, which has been enriched with a structural discrete choice labour supply model to take account of labour supply reactions. The analysis is performed for four EU member states: Belgium, Italy, Poland and Sweden. The results show that design characteristics matter substantially, though the specific effects differ in magnitude across countries, indicating there is no one-size-fits-all solution. Throughout the analysis, numerous trade-offs are uncovered: not only between work incentives and poverty goals, but also within work incentives themselves. Taking account of behavioural reactions attenuates the impact on poverty outcomes, signalling the importance of bringing these effects into the empirical analysis.
Public childcare provision and employment participation of East and West German mothers with different educational backgrounds
Authors: Zoch Gundula
Published: January 2020

By focusing on a period of a major public childcare expansion in Germany, this study investigates whether higher levels of childcare coverage for under-threes have been positively associated with employment among mothers with different educational backgrounds. Both standard economic labour theories and sociological theories presume that the effect of public childcare provision varies with mothers’ educational attainment. The analysis links county-level data on annual childcare ratios with individual-level data from the Socio-Economic Panel Study (2007–2016). To match mothers with similar characteristics in counties with childcare ratios above and below the annual median within East and West Germany, entropy balancing is applied. Findings indicate a positive relationship between childcare provision and maternal employment, with more pronounced associations for mothers with at least a vocational degree, those with a second birth and those who receive full-time access to childcare.
Medical student perceptions of physical and emotional safety before and after 5-week mental health placements
Authors: Gallan Ben , Dawes Kerry , Thomas Susan J
Published: January 2020

Objective:

Understanding whether medical students feel safe in mental health placements is important to delivering effective and engaging training experiences.

Method:

Second year students completed anonymous online surveys before ( n = 37) and after ( n = 41) mental health placements, to gather qualitative and quantitative data about their sense of physical and emotional safety, and factors that positively and negatively influenced their experiences. Data were analysed using chi square and content analysis.

Results:

There was a disparity between students’ expectations of physical and emotional safety before placements and their actual experience. Following placement, no students reported that they felt physically ‘unsafe’ or ‘very unsafe’. Conversely, over 20% of students indicated that they had felt emotionally unsafe during their placement. When asked to compare their expectations prior to placement with their actual experience, over 13% felt ‘much less safe’ emotionally, where no participants felt ‘much less safe’ physically. Qualitative content identified included exposure to patients’ tragic life stories, aggression, the physical ward environment and adequacy of supports.

Conclusions:

The distinction between physical and emotional safety is a valuable framework through which to understand the student experience of clinical placements in psychiatry and to seek to best support students. The data provide rich insight into students’ experiences, particularly emotional challenges, on psychiatry wards.
Evaluation of Multidisciplinary Team Clinic for Patients With Isolated Cleft Lip
Authors: Padovano William M. , Snyder-Warwick Alison K. , Skolnick Gary B. , Pfeifauf Kristin D. , Menezes Maithilee D. , Grames Lynn M. , Cheung Susan , Kim Andrew M. , Cradock Mary Michaeleen , Naidoo Sybill D. , Patel Kamlesh B.
Published: January 2020

Objective:

To report the incidences of secondary lip and nose operations, otolaryngology procedures, speech-language therapy, neurodevelopmental concerns, and dental and orthodontic issues in children with isolated cleft lip to inform multidisciplinary cleft team protocols.

Setting:

An American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association–approved team at a tertiary academic children’s hospital.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study of patients evaluated through longitudinal clinic visits by a multidisciplinary cleft palate and craniofacial team between January 2000 and June 2018.

Patients, Participants:

Children with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft alveolus (n = 92).

Results:

Median age at final team visit was 4.9 years (interquartile range: 2.4-8.2 years). Secondary plastic surgery procedures were most common between ages 3 and 5 (135 per 1000 person-years), and the majority of these procedures were minor lip revisions. The rate of tympanostomy tube insertion was highest before age 3 (122 per 1000 person-years). By their final team visit, 88% of patients had normal hearing and 11% had only slight to mild conductive hearing loss. No patients had speech errors attributable to lip abnormalities. Psychological interventions, learning disabilities, and dental or orthodontic concerns were uncommon.

Conclusions:

Most patients with isolated cleft lip may not require long-term, longitudinal evaluation by cleft team specialists. Cleft teams should develop limited follow-up protocols for these children to improve resource allocation and promote value-based care in this patient population.
Pharmacological Treatment for Obesity in Adults: An Umbrella Review
Authors: Khalil Hanan , Ellwood Laura , Lord Heidi , Fernandez Ritin
Published: January 2020

Objective: To synthesize the evidence from systematic reviews of clinical trials investigating the effectiveness of pharmacological therapies approved by the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration and the US Food and Drug Administration for the management of obesity in adults. Data Sources: A 3-step literature search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PubMed databases was conducted between March and May 2019. The key terms used were obesity, pharmacological therapy, antiobesity agent, antiobesity medication, weight loss, and systematic review. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Systematic reviews that evaluated the effectiveness of pharmacological therapies for the management of obesity in patients with a body mass index of or greater than 25 kg/m2. Data Synthesis: Nine systematic reviews involving three pharmacotherapies, liraglutide, orlistat, and naltrexone-bupropion were identified. The results indicate that the pharmacotherapies reduced weight when compared with placebo. Orlistat was effective in significantly reducing fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. All reviews discussed the presence or risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects including diarrhea, vomiting, and nausea related to orlistat and liraglutide. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: This umbrella review compares the efficacy and safety of antiobesity medications for reducing weight and a discussion on their weight loss and metabolic control to guide clinicians when prescribing medications for obesity. Conclusions: All pharmacological therapies included in this review are superior to placebo in reducing weight. Clinicians should consider patient comorbidities and risk of adverse events when recommending medications for weight loss.
Tuning the Corticospinal System: How Distributed Brain Circuits Shape Human Actions
Authors: Derosiere Gerard , Duque Julie
Published: January 2020

Interactive behaviors rely on the operation of several processes allowing the control of actions, including their selection, withholding, and cancellation. The corticospinal system provides a unique route through which multiple brain circuits can exert control over bodily motor acts. In humans, the influence of these modulatory circuits on the corticospinal system can be probed using various transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocols. Here, we review neural data from TMS studies at the basis of our current understanding of how diverse pathways—including intra-cortical, trans-cortical, and subcortico-cortical circuits—contribute to action control by tuning the activity of the corticospinal system. Critically, when doing so, we point out important caveats in the field that arise from the fact that these circuits, and their impact on the corticospinal system, have not been considered equivalently for action selection, withholding, and cancellation. This has led to the misleading view that some circuits or regions are specialized in specific control processes and that they produce particular modulatory changes in corticospinal excitability (e.g., generic vs. specific modulation of corticospinal excitability). Hence, we point to the need for more transversal research approaches in the field of action control.
Mourning Writing: A Poetic Autoethnography on the Passing of My Father
Authors: Hanauer David Ian
Published: January 2020

This poetic autoethnography explores the author’s experiences of the death of his father, processes of mourning, and ways of addressing through writing a difficult family legacy related to the Holocaust. Employing journal, narrative, poetic, and reflective research writing, this poetic autoethnography documents a twelve-week period in which the author’s father died and he traveled back to the place in which he was born to address the murder of his grandparents and deportation of his father on the Kindertransport. This study offers some insight into mourning and the long-lasting effects of familial trauma related to the Holocaust. In addition, this poetic autoethnography provides a model and example of how research writing can be used as part of a mourning process and as a way of exploring difficult personal contingencies.
Initial Findings of a Multicomponent School Health Intervention in Rural Appalachia: The Greenbrier CHOICES Project
Authors: Jones Emily , Zuest Luciana , Bulger Sean , Elliott Eloise , Cho Kibum , Lilly Christa
Published: January 2020

Background. Schools are an important setting for health promotion because they afford children and adolescents numerous opportunities to accumulate the recommended physical activity (PA) minutes and make other health-related decisions, including healthy eating. Unfortunately, there is little evidence of coordinated school-based health interventions in rural Appalachia. The Greenbrier Children’s Health Opportunities Involving Coordinated Efforts in Schools Project was a federally funded, 3-year, multicomponent school-based health intervention focused on PA, healthy eating, and weight management. Aims. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of Greenbrier Children’s Health Opportunities Involving Coordinated Efforts in Schools on adolescent PA, dietary behaviors, and weight status. Method. Measures of PA, dietary behaviors, and body mass index were collected across 14 data points throughout the intervention (including a baseline in Year 1). Results. Participants included 4,633 randomly selected middle school students ( M = 2,289, F = 2,344) across the intervention. Baseline to Year 3 findings revealed a 12.8 percentage point increase in students achieving 60 minutes of daily PA. There were no significant differences in either dietary behavior or body mass index. Discussion. Findings provide evidence of the positive impact comprehensive school-based health interventions can have on middle school student health-related behaviors. Conclusion. Schools remain an ideal setting for health promotion. Initiatives targeting more than one level of influence on health-related behaviors are more likely to succeed.
Preliminary Study of the Effects of BEST in CLASS–Elementary on Outcomes of Elementary Students With Problem Behavior
Authors: Sutherland K. S. , Conroy M. A. , McLeod B. D. , Granger K. , Broda M. , Kunemund R.
Published: January 2020

Student problem behaviors in early elementary school are associated with fewer learning opportunities, poor relationships with teachers, and academic and behavioral problems, including increased risk of emotional/behavioral disorders (EBDs). This study examined the effect of BEST in CLASS–Elementary (BEST in CLASS-E), a Tier 2 intervention delivered by teachers, on student problem behavior, academic achievement, teacher–student relationships, and classroom quality using a randomized controlled trial design. Participants were 45 kindergarten to grade 3 students identified at risk of development of EBDs and their 26 teachers from three elementary schools located in an urban school district. BEST in CLASS-E was found to decrease teacher-reported student problem behavior and increase teacher–student closeness; no effects were noted for academic achievement or overall classroom quality. Results suggest the promise of BEST in CLASS-E as a Tier 2 intervention delivered by teachers in elementary classrooms. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
Effect of fully restrained beam-to-column connection on the progressive collapse strength of steel moment frames
Authors: Salmasi Alireza , Sheidaii Mohammad Reza , Saghaie Sahebalzaman Mohammad , Tariverdilo Saeed
Published: January 2020

The beam-to-column connection has been identified as a key element for steel frame structures to maintain the structural integrity during progressive collapse phenomenon. In the current study, in order to assess the effects of beam-to-column connection type on the progressive collapse strength of steel moment frames, the progressive collapse behavior of a steel intermediate moment frame structure was evaluated with 10 different types of fully restrained connections. The progressive collapse strength of these buildings against sudden removal of a column was separately studied using nonlinear static alternate path method presented in Unified Facility Criteria progressive collapse guideline. To consider the nonlinear effects in the structural modeling, plastic hinges for beam and column members and connections were defined and modeled according to the ASCE 41 standard. The results of the progressive collapse analyses indicated that if the plastic hinges of connections are separately defined in addition to the plastic hinges of beams and columns, the structure will have lower progressive collapse strength, and the calculated dynamic increase factor will grow. Among the studied types of connections, the free flange connection had the best performance and the highest strength against progressive collapse.
Mathematical modeling and parametric study of magnetic negative stiffness dampers
Authors: Liu Wenxiu , Lui Eric M
Published: January 2020

This article presents mathematical modeling and parametric study of a type of magnetic negative stiffness dampers. A magnetic negative stiffness damper uses the interaction forces and movement of magnets inside a conductive pipe to achieve inverse force–deformation response and create frequency dependent damping. One advantage of magnetic negative stiffness dampers over other conventional dampers is that they do not add stiffness to the system and hence will not increase the force in the structural members to which the magnetic negative stiffness damper is attached. Using nonlinear regression analysis, simple formulas to describe the magnetic force and electromagnetic damping of a specific type of magnetic negative stiffness dampers are derived. A parametric study is then performed to show that maximum negative stiffness is obtained when the height-to-diameter (aspect) ratio of the magnets is in the range of 0.3–0.4, and for design applications upper bound values for the clear spacing-to-radius ratio and aspect ratio of the magnets are determined to be 3 and 2, respectively. The highest value of damping coefficient is found to correspond to a magnet aspect ratio of 1.6, and for design purpose the pipe wall thickness should be set equal to the height of the magnet. Based on a pushover analysis of three frames modeled as single-degree-of-freedom systems, it is found that the frame with the magnetic negative stiffness damper experiences lower base shear at the expense of a slightly higher residual drift. The effect of base shear reduction is more pronounced when the target displacement is small.
A dynamic analysis scheme for the suspended monorail vehicle–curved bridge coupling system
Authors: Bao Yulong , Xiang Huoyue , Li Yongle
Published: January 2020

Based on the rigid–flexible coupling method, an original scheme for the dynamic analysis of the vehicle–bridge interaction between suspended monorail trains and horizontally curved bridges is proposed. Considering the compression deformation and contact model of walking tire and guiding tire, the geometric and mechanical coupling relationships between vehicle and bridge are studied, and the dynamic equations of suspended monorail vehicle–bridge interaction are derived. A vehicle–curved bridge coupling vibration system is established according to transformable relationship between the local coordinate system and the global coordinate system in SIMPACK. Considering a curved bridge under passage of suspended monorail vehicles as an example, the influences of critical system parameters, such as the superelevation, vehicle speed, and bridge curve radius, on the dynamic responses of vehicles and the curved bridge are explored. It is shown that the direction of the yawing moment of the front bogie is in accordance with the turning direction of the vehicle, while the yawing moment of the rear bogie is in the opposite direction. The superelevation has great influence on the lateral guiding force and vertical walking force of vehicle, and vehicle speed is a key factor to the running safety of suspended monorail vehicle. In addition, the curve negotiation ability of vehicle is better with the increase in bridge curve radius.
Behaviour of FRP-confined compound concrete–filled circular thin steel tubes under axial compression
Authors: Zhao Junliang , Xu Chenhao , Sun Linzhu , Wu Dongyan
Published: January 2020

This article presents test results of a recent study on the axial compressive behaviour of fibre-reinforced polymer–confined compound concrete–filled thin steel tubes. The usage of compound concrete, which is a mixture of fresh concrete and large pieces of recycled concrete lumps, can recycle waste concrete in a simple but effective way. Totally, three series of tests were conducted, with the parameters including the relative strength between fresh concrete and recycled concrete lumps, the volumetric percentage (i.e. mix ratio) of recycled concrete lumps, the diameter-to-thickness ratio of the steel tubes, and the thickness of the fibre-reinforced polymer jackets being investigated. The stress–strain curves of the steel tube and compound concrete core were derived and the effects of different parameters were then examined and discussed. An existing stress–strain curve model of fibre-reinforced polymer–confined normal concrete-filled steel tubes was also found performing well in predicting the behaviour of fibre-reinforced polymer–confined compound concrete-filled steel tubes.
Influence of full-spectrum lighting on blood pressure, heart rate and visual comfort on young adults
Authors: Tang Luyao , Chen Shaofan , Liu Muqing , Su Chengyue
Published: January 2020

This study examined the effects of lighting with different spectra on humans, as measured by mean arterial pressure, heart rate and visual comfort. Twenty subjects were recruited and tested under 12 different lighting spectra, produced by self-made luminaires respectively. In order to evaluate the shape similarity between the measured spectrum and the solar spectrum, a full-spectrum index E (0–100) was proposed. The higher the value of E, the closer the spectrum is to the full range of daylight. Groups whose E value is above 90 are classified as full-spectrum lighting groups. Subjects were required to maintain a calm mood during the 3-h testing time, and data were recorded every 20 min. Pearson correlation test and independent samples t-test were performed on the mean values. Results showed that heart rate and visual comfort were likely to be influenced by the spectrum. The higher the E is, the lower the average heart rate is and the higher the visual comfort is. Full-spectrum lighting group has a significantly lower heart rate and higher visual comfort than the control group.
News cartography and epistemic authority in the era of big data: Journalists as map-makers, map-users, and map-subjects
Authors: Usher Nikki
Published: January 2020

Although the destabilization of journalism’s epistemic authority has been widely discussed, one critical element has been underexplored—the role of place. For journalists, claiming provenance over “where” has enabled control over a domain of knowledge, and one key means for doing so has been through news cartography, now rendered digitally. However, digital news cartography (digital news maps) exposes journalists’ epistemic authority to new challenges, from reliance on big data collected by others to maps about journalism itself that show journalists’ diminished authority over place. The case of digital news maps offers a chance to interrogate how journalists know what they know and how they know it and, more broadly, begs the question of how place and mapping must be considered in new media research.
The epistemology of live blogging
Authors: Matheson Donald , Wahl-Jorgensen Karin
Published: January 2020

This article proposes a typology of the epistemology of live blogging through an analysis of two live news blogs: Radio New Zealand (RNZ) News’ live blog of a significant earthquake in Aotearoa New Zealand in November 2016 and BBC News’ live blog of the Brexit referendum result in June 2016. We use these cases to draw out five features of the genre that we suggest may characterise other live news blogs. We demonstrate that these blogs tend to (1) produce a fragmentary narrative that (2) reflects particular moments in time, (3) curate an array of textual objects from a range of information sources to produce ‘networked balance’, (4) gain coherence from an often informal authorial voice or voices and (5) generate claims to knowledge of events which are simultaneously dynamic and fragile. This typology contributes to understanding journalism’s position within networked information spaces.
ICANN’s dotCommunities: Analysing the construction of DNS-appropriate communities in the new gTLD programme
Authors: Kuznetsov Dmitry
Published: January 2020

This study investigates Internet Corporation of Assigned Names and Numbers’ (ICANN) new generic top-level domain (gTLD) programme, exploring how it a shape of ‘community’ suitable for domain name system (DNS) expansion is constituted. Despite the apparent goal of promoting rights to freedom of expression and free association, the prevalence of the controlled vocabulary model results in preference for unopposed entities with clear hierarchical structures and strict membership boundaries. This creates a TLD landscape incapable of encompassing the heterogeneity and uncertainty of many existing communities, but helps to reinforce ICANN’s discourse surrounding the function of the DNS and its role in Internet governance.
How do media-owned national news agencies survive in the digital age? Business diversification in Austria Presse Agentur, Press Association and Tidningarnas Telegrambyrå
Authors: Jääskeläinen Atte , Yanatma Servet
Published: January 2020

This article explores three national news agencies in Europe (Press Association Group in the United Kingdom, Austria Presse Agentur in Austria and Tidningarnas Telegrambyrå in Sweden) in order to find the reasons why these agencies decided to transform themselves from traditional newswires into diversified media businesses. We ask why these agencies are able to operate under market principles, with substantial profit margins, and also to contribute to a sustainable national media system, while agencies in some other countries struggle. We draw on semi-structured interviews with 26 senior managers of the agencies and use several strategic management frameworks, including five forces and dynamic capabilities. We find that, in all three agencies, early crises led to a sensing of news agencies’ weakened bargaining power with media clients and the decline of industry attractiveness and triggered a timely search for new revenue sources through diversification. These successful new businesses are based on a strong news-agency brand, on technological capabilities, and on resources originating from the agencies’ firm relationship with the news media. We argue that, in all three cases, visionary leadership and an ability to orchestrate a new relationship with media owners have been key capabilities created in these early crises.
Parametric investigation of a large two-stroke marine high-pressure direct injection engine by using computational fluid dynamics method
Authors: Yang Renyou , Theotokatos Gerasimos , Vassalos Dracos
Published: January 2020

This study aims at the parametric investigation of the gas injection system settings of a large marine two-stroke dual fuel engine by using a developed and customized CFD method in the ANSYS Fluent software. The investigated engine injection system parameters include the gas injection timing, the gas injection duration, the gas injector lateral angle, and the gas injector holes number. Based on the comparison of the predicted performance parameters for the closed-cycle processes, the results indicate that the gas injector lateral angle is the most significant parameter that affects the engine power as well as the NO and CO2 emissions. For satisfying the contradictory objectives of retaining the engine power and reducing the NO and CO2 emissions, appropriate design settings for the gas injection are recommended for the investigated engine operation in the gas mode at 75% load.
The role of innovation narratives in accomplishing organizational ambidexterity
Authors: Maclean Mairi , Harvey Charles , Golant Benjamin D , Sillince John AA
Published: January 2020

Persistent tensions arising from the exploration–exploitation paradox continuously threaten the accomplishment of organizational ambidexterity. Structural, contextual, and sequential solutions designed to alleviate these tensions dominate the ambidexterity literature. None of these adequately explains how top executives implement tension-alleviating managerial initiatives or how they respond in real time to tension-induced organizational perturbations. In this article, through analysis of top management team speeches at Procter & Gamble over a 15-year period, we show how the construction and communication of four innovation narratives—contextualizing, mutualizing, dramatizing, and focalizing—reduced tensions and enhanced organizational ambidexterity. We demonstrate the importance of top management team reflexivity in devising and communicating performative narratives, illustrate the polyphonic model of narrative strategizing, and present a cyclical model suggesting that the accomplishment of organizational ambidexterity is an ongoing dynamic process.
Exploring the strategy-identity nexus
Authors: Ravasi Davide , Tripsas Mary , Langley Ann
Published: January 2020

The concepts of strategy (what we do or plan to do) and organizational identity (who we think we are) are deeply intertwined. Yet there is surprisingly little research that directly addresses their relationship. In this essay, we discuss the concepts of alignment and fit as central to the organizational identity and strategy literatures, respectively, and draw on this notion to introduce the seven articles included in the Special Issue on Exploring the Strategy-Identity Nexus. We conclude by proposing directions for further research, identifying new contexts, underexplored dimensions, and alternative ontological perspectives that are likely to enrich future explorations of strategy and organizational identity, and their mutual interrelations.