bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysing Discrimination based on Genetic Information
Authors: Akash Akash , Sarker Shuvro Prosun
Published: October 2024

This paper analyzes and critiques existing literature on discrimination based on genetic information collected during genetic tests of individuals and the legal issues attached therewith. Genetic variations, which can lower or raise disease risk, result from the inheritance of parental genes. Subjecting individuals to stigmatization based on their unique ancestry or genetic status raises legitimate concerns. The literature review reveals that the issue of discrimination based on genetic information has occurred in countries like the United States and Canada. Accordingly, concerns regarding new forms of discrimination arising from the collection of information during genetic testing have grown over the decades in the wake of technological advancements in biotechnology, health, and allied sciences, as several studies have revealed. On the contrary, more material sufficiency in India necessitates consulting data from various disciplines. A conceptual framework is proposed to examine the theoretical foundations of non-discrimination provisions, compare genetic information non-discrimination legislation in the United States and Canada to India, and evaluate the practicality of implementing such laws in India. The initial testing of this framework suggests that due to insufficient legislation, there may be a need for enforceable measures to mitigate genetic information-related discrimination in India. The research problem requires qualitative research to gain an in-depth comprehension of experiences, phenomena, and context. This paper makes two main contributions: establishing a comprehensive background to allow comparisons by scholars and policymakers on the matter and helping to further the debate on the subject to generate value-based research regarding the ethical, legal, and social impacts of genetic research and anti-discrimination laws.KEYWORDS: Non-discrimination, Genetics and law, Literature review, Genetic discrimination.
Patrimônio Natural e Construído em Travertino Romano
Authors: Kinoshita Camila Sayuri , Del Lama Eliane Aparecida
Published: October 2024

O Travertino Romano é uma pedra de valor histórico e estético bastante emblemático de Roma. Utilizada desde a Roma Antiga, ela foi difundida globalmente sendo explorada até os dias de hoje. O objetivo deste artigo é contextualizar esta pedra e exemplificar seu uso no patrimônio construído e natural. Para tal foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica; visita, mapeamento e seleção de pontos internacionais e nacionais. A presença de travertino é marcante tanto patrimônio construído (construções arquitetônicas, revestimentos e esculturas), podendo ser observada também aqui no Brasil, principalmente na cidade de São Paulo; como também no patrimônio natural; e muitos deles constituem Patrimônio da Humanidade da Unesco. Uma maneira eficaz de divulgar essas informações para a população é por meio do geoturismo urbano, que está cada vez mais difundido no mundo todo.
Avaliação do potencial fitorremediador de espécies nativas e exóticas do Cerrado
Authors: Moura Florença das Graças , Campos José Eloi Guimarães
Published: October 2024

Introdução. A absorção de elementos dos solos pelas plantas é distinta para cada espécie vegetal. Objetivo. O artigo visa compreender o potencial de fitorremediação de espécies encontradas no cerrado. Metodologia. Para o estudo foi realizada análises químicas da massa foliar de espécies nativas e exóticas, além de plantas de ciclo curto (Girassol e sorgo). As amostras foram coletadas em duas áreas, onde o uso e ocupação da terra são distintos (Lixão da Estrutural e UnB). Para a interpretação dos dados foi utilizado técnicas de estatísticas multivariadas e teste estatísticos comparativos (Mann-Whitney). Resultados. Das espécies nativas analisadas o Pequi se destaca por absorver grandes quantidade de Fe e Al, o Angico de Ca e Na, e o Araticum e o Ipê de K, Cu e Mg. Dentre as espécies exóticas analisadas, o Eucalipto absorve grandes quantidades de Na e o Margaridão de Zn, Cu e Fe. Em relação as espécies de ciclo curto o girassol foi a espécie que mais bem adsorveu os elementos do solo. Conclusão. Os resultados possibilitam apontar o potencial de fitorremediação de algumas espécies encontradas no cerrado.
Difficulties in Diagnosing a Patient with Fever of Unknown Origin
Authors: Fomina E. I. , Gubernatorova E. E. , Adasheva T. V. , Baturina T. V. , Samoszhenova P. S. , Timofeeva N. U.
Published: October 2024

Fever of unknown origin is a difficult syndrome for differential diagnosis. Absence of a key feature, variety of causes and the lack of single examination algorithm makes difficult further diagnosis. The presented clinical case describes a 53-year-old patient with a prolonged fever of more than 1.5 months, pain syndrome in the facial area. During outpatient monitoring, the cause was not clarified. At the inpatient stage, a comprehensive examination was conducted for all classes of causes. The revealed changes in the thyroid gland and thyrotoxicosis made it possible to diagnose subacute thyroiditis. According to the literature, subacute thyroiditis is one of the rare causes of fever of unknown origin. Prescription of glucocorticosteroid made it possible to achieve complete regression of clinical symptoms in 4 days. After 5 months, subclinical hypothyroidism was achieved. The nosological approach and multidisciplinary interaction contributed to the correct tactics and a favorable outcome of the disease.
The anticancer activity of quercetin, luteolin, myricetin, and kaempferol in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma: a narrative review
Authors: Paravati Maria Rosaria , Scarlata Giuseppe Guido Maria , Milanović Maja , Milić Nataša , Abenavoli Ludovico
Published: October 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks as the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It presents a significant and rising global health challenge due to its complex development, high mortality rate, and poor prognosis. The primary treatment methods include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, yet each is associated with severe side effects. While combination therapies can enhance outcomes, they also tend to amplify the adverse effects. For this reason, the prevention of HCC has a major impact on world health. Current knowledge indicates that a healthy lifestyle combined with a healthy diet is an excellent preventive strategy. In this respect, the Mediterranean diet represents a valid preventive strategy widely recognized by the scientific community. Its effectiveness is proven by the presence of several polyphenols in its main foods, including quercetin, luteolin, myricetin, and kaempferol. These polyphenols are present in different functional foods and show anticancer activity. This narrative review aims to assess the anti-HCC activity of these polyphenols that characterize the Mediterranean diet.
Promotion of good governance within local government: a case of municipal public accounts committee in South Africa
Authors: Mapaya Sontaga William , Mukonza Ricky , Shopola Arthur
Published: October 2024

The aim of this article was to explore the role of Municipal Public Accounts Committee (MPAC) in promoting good governance, with the contextual setting being Blouberg Local Municipality. There is general consensus among academics, practitioners and policy makers alike in South Africa that the allocation of functions and responsibilities of municipal council and that of executives are often not clear, thus creating confusion in the officialdom and weakening oversight structures including MPAC. Hence the qualified audit reports in four consecutive years in Blouberg Municipality (see Auditor General, 2016-2021), signals internal failure not only to improve the municipal financial health status but to promote good governance generally. Methodologically, the study adopted qualitative designs and used interviews as instrument to collect data from key members of the committee. Consequently, the study revealed many underlying weaknesses, but the critical one was the demonstrable poor capacity within the committee which is twofold; (1) lack of expertise to facilitate oversight and (2) insufficient budget to enable performance of the Committee. Essentially, these challenges affect the proper functioning of MPAC which is constitutionally bestowed the responsibility of holding the executive accountable and guard against any misappropriation of municipal funds. The study recommended a number of solutions to improve the state of MPAC in the municipality, amongst them were that, council should develop an integrated reporting mechanism framework to conduct an oversight role which can be done with the assistance from experts in governance. The committee’s programme of action must also be funded, sufficiently.
From high-school sciences to university accounting in South Africa: how prior learning affects students’ success
Authors: Sinthumule Orifha , Zitha Innocent
Published: October 2024

Enrolling students in accounting programs based on their proficiency in English, Mathematics, and Accounting is a prevalent practice in many South African institutions of higher learning. However, certain institutions admit students into accounting programs based solely on their proficiency in English and Mathematics. This study posits that such students encounter challenges in acclimating to the accounting science milieu, consequently impeding their academic success. The research draws from the assessment of 112 first-year BCom (Bachelor of Commerce) Accounting Sciences students during the 2023 academic year. The findings affirm that students enrolled based on competency in Accounting, English, and Mathematics outperform those enrolled solely based on English and Mathematics competency. This underscores the necessity for further investigation into the determinants of success among students in accounting programs. Nonetheless, the study corroborates that self-determination and proactivity are significant contributors to success, notwithstanding students' lack of prior exposure to accounting principles.
Towards Evaluating the Diagnostic Ability of LLMs
Authors: Sarvari Peter , Al-fagih Zaid
Published: October 2024

On average, one in ten patients die because of a diagnostic error and medical errors are the third largest cause of death in the US. While LLMs have been proposed to help doctors with diagnoses, no research results have been published on comparing the diagnostic ability of many popular LLMs on an openly accessible real-patient cohort. In thus study, we compare LLMs from Google, OpenAI, Meta, Mistral, Cohere and Anthropic using our previously published evaluation methodology and explore improving their accuracy with RAG.
Experimental and Numerical Studies of the Temperature Field in a Dielectrophoretic Cell Separation Device Subject to Joule Heating
Authors: Seki Yoshinori , Tada Shigeru
Published: October 2024

Technologies for rapid and high-throughput separation of rare cells from large populations of other types of cells have recently attracted much attention in the field of bioengineering. Among the various cell separation technologies proposed in the past, dielectrophoresis has shown particular promise because of its preciseness of manipulation and noninvasiveness to cells. However, one drawback of dielectrophoresis devices is that their application of high-voltage generates Joule heat that exposes the cells within the device to high temperature. To further explore this problem, this study investigated the temperature field in the previously developed cell separation device in detail. The temperature rise at the bottom of the microfluidic channel in the device was measured using a micro-LIF method. Moreover, the thermofluidic behavior of the cell separation device was numerically investigated by adopting a heat generation model that takes the electric-field-dependent heat generation term into account in the energy equation. Under the operating conditions of the previously developed cell separation device, the experimentally obtained temperature rise in the device was approximately 20 ℃, and the numerical simulation results generally agreed well. Next, parametric calculations were performed with changes in the flow rate of the cell sample solution and the solution conductivity, and a temperature increase of more than 40 ℃ was predicted. The results demonstrated that an increase in temperature within the cell separation device may have a significant impact on the physiological functions of the cells, depending on the operating conditions of the device.
Comparison of Clinical and Morpho-anatomical Characteristics in Aneurysmal Degenerated and Non-aneurysmal Insufficient Great Saphenous Vein
Authors: Stef Dan Gabriel , Patrascu Raul
Published: October 2024

Background: Saphenous vein degeneration is associated with significant morphological changes. This study compares the clinical and morpho-anatomical characteristics between patients with aneurysmal and non-aneurysmal insufficient great saphenous vein (GSV). Methods: A retrospective observational analysis was conducted on 75 patients with chronic venous disease. Patients were divided into Group A (n=17, GSV diameter ≥1.2 cm) and Group B (n=58, GSV diameter 0.6-1.2 cm). Clinical data and morpho-anatomical features were assessed using ultrasonography and histopathological examination. Results: Group A had significantly larger GSV diameter (1.4 ± 0.2 cm vs. 0.7 ± 0.1 cm, p < 0.001) and wall thickness (0.4 ± 0.1 cm vs. 0.2 ± 0.1 cm, p < 0.001). Elastic fiber fragmentation was more severe in Group A (55% vs. 29%, p < 0.01). Group A also had a higher mean BMI (31.4 ± 4.5 kg/m² vs. 27.4 ± 4.0 kg/m², p = 0.007) and longer hospitalization (2.1 ± 0.6 days vs. 1.5 ± 0.6 days, p = 0.0023). Conclusions: Aneurysmal degeneration is linked to more severe clinical and morphoanatomical changes, indicating a need for closer monitoring and more aggressive treatment strategies.
The Role of Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy( 2D NMR Spectroscopy )in Pharmaceutical Research: Applications, Advancements, and Future Directions
Authors: Ahmed Rashed
Published: October 2024

Two-Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy has become a cornerstone in pharmaceutical research, offering enhanced structural elucidation capabilities for complex molecules. This technique overcomes the limitations of one-dimensional (1D) NMR by providing detailed insights into molecular interactions through the use of advanced spectroscopic methods like COSY, HSQC, and HMBC. In pharmaceutical applications, 2D NMR plays a crucial role in drug characterization, quality control, formulation development, and the structural analysis of natural products. Recent technological advancements such as high-field spectrometers and cryogenic probes have further improved the sensitivity and resolution of 2D NMR, making it indispensable for ensuring drug quality and intellectual property protection. This article delves into the principles and applications of 2D NMR in the pharmaceutical industry, highlighting its critical contributions to drug discovery, development, and quality assurance. Additionally, it addresses the future prospects of 2D NMR in areas like metabolomics, structural biology, and the development of new analytical tools. Despite its numerous advantages, 2D NMR presents challenges such as high operational costs, complexity in data analysis, and sensitivity issues when dealing with low-concentration samples. The article concludes by discussing the ongoing advancements in 2D NMR technology and its evolving role in pharmaceutical innovation.
Intervención socioeducativa en regiones con alta percepción de inseguridad
Authors: Cohetero-Hernández Dulce Nayeli , González Quiñones Fidel
Published: October 2024

Esta investigación realiza una breve reflexión sobre un caso de interacción entre los investigadores y los participantes de sus estudios al momento de realizar intervenciones socioeducativas (IS) en regiones donde la población percibe su entorno como inseguro. Se comparan los datos recabados en los estados de Chihuahua y Veracruz, seleccionados por encontrarse encima de la media en cuanto a la percepción sobre inseguridad pública del 2015 al 2017 (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, 2016) con el propósito de explorar, desde la visión de los implicados en todos los niveles (diseño de la intervención, intervención y participación), si existe un patrón que defina las condiciones en las que se dan las interacciones durante la intervención socioeducativa en este tipo de contextos. Para ello, se recurrió a una revisión bibliográfica y se recabaron datos propios, los cuales se analizaron mediante una metodología fenomenológica con el objetivo de profundizar en la significación de las experiencias vividas durante dichas intervenciones.
Margarita Gándara Orona (1929-2018)
Authors: Ochoa Laura Elena , Ginez Diana
Published: October 2024

Conocida como “Mago”, fue una artista fronteriza que nació en febrero de 1929 en la vecina ciudad de El Paso, Texas, aunque fue registrada como mexicana por su abuelo.
Jesús U. Escobar, ilustre chihuahuense, vecino de Paso del Norte-Ciudad Juárez
Authors: Orozco Víctor
Published: October 2024

Fue un destacado maestro originario de la capital del estado, donde nació en 1836, y establecido en Ciudad Juárez. Hizo estudios en el Instituto Literario del Esta- do y los continuó en la Universidad de Georgetown en Washington. Fue agregado de la embajada mexicana en Estados Unidos a cargo de Matías Romero.
Ocaso del deber ser
Authors: Holguin Pardavell Jorge Adrian
Published: October 2024

La breve narrativa se entiende, en principio, como una crítica a los convencionalismos sociales que se reflejan en conductas consideradas parte de «moral social». Puede, también, entenderse como la subrepticia metamorfosis del individuo en su entorno.
La objeción de conciencia en México: ¿Cómo regularla sin caer en los extremos?
Authors: Gutiérrez López Eduardo Elías , Sandoval Figueroa Luis
Published: October 2024

El propósito de este trabajo es analizar estos dos factores, para determinar si sería dable la regulación jurídica de la objeción de conciencia en México, sin caer en los extremos, es decir, sin trasgredir la libertad de conciencia reconocida constitucional y convencionalmente, y sin que su reconocimiento trastoque la estabilidad de otros derechos humanos.
Exploring the Sufistic Essence of the Tijaniyyah Tariqa in the Book Syarah Al-Mufid ‘Ala Al-Muniyatul Murid
Authors: Muzaiyana Muzaiyana , Harisudin Harisudin , Masuwd Mowafg
Published: October 2024

The teachings of Tijaniyah Tariqa have distinctive characteristics and unique. The aim of this research is to describe the condition of the manuscript of Syarah al-Mufid ‘Ala al-Muniyatul Murid (SMAMM); identifying and elucidating the sufistic values contained within it, which are connected with the principles of the Tijaniyyyah Tariqa and the values upheld by it; and discussing the relevance of the content of the SMAMM manuscript in relation to the development of the Tijaniyyah Tariqa in the present time. The method employed is philological research with a semiotic approach. The importance findings indicate that the condition of the SMAMM manuscript is still in good and legible and the content of this manuscript encompasses the core values and principle of the Tijaniyyah Tariqa. The sufism values revealed in the SMAMM manuscript remain highly relevant for application in the lives of Muslims today.
Involving national stakeholders in a systems approach to map causes and proposed actions to prevent childhood obesity in Denmark: The Generation Healthy Kids Project
Authors: Ryom Knud , Bloch Paul , Toft Ulla , Høeg Didde , Thomsen Louise T. , Allender Steven , Rutter Harry , Bauman Adrian , Krølner Rikke Fredenslund , Hansen Anders Blædel Gottlieb
Published: October 2024

Background
Childhood obesity is a preventable global public health challenge, increasingly recognized as a complex problem, stemming from complex causes. Obesity is characterized by multiple interdependencies and diverse influences at different societal levels. Tackling childhood obesity calls for a holistic approach that engages with complexity and recognises that there is no single ‘magic bullet’ intervention to prevent obesity. To facilitate a shared understanding of the complex structures and relationships that determine children's weight development, systems approaches have shown promising potential. However, systems approaches require more development and research in public health.
Aim
This paper describes the processes of gathering national stakeholders to create a system map of childhood obesity causes in Denmark, to map existing obesity prevention initiatives and define real-world actions to prevent childhood obesity in local communities in Denmark. The system map and action ideas will inform the development of community-based activities in a large-scale national study – The Generation Healthy Kids Project.
Methods
During two workshops, national stakeholders were involved in generating and revising a system map. We used a scripted approach inspired by group model building and community-based systems dynamics methods to engage stakeholders, collect, and visualize their knowledge on childhood obesity, create consensus on the drivers of childhood health, identify local and national intervention opportunities for prevention of childhood obesity and develop actions to create system changes.
Results
The study identified the following six sub-systems of factors influencing childhood obesity: 1) Family, 2) diet and dietary habits, 3) physical activity and active living, 4) mental health and well-being, 5) screen, media, and sleep, and 6) competencies of professionals.
Conclusion
A systems approach to childhood obesity was useful to generate a shared understanding of the underlying drivers of childhood overweight and obesity and has potential for informing initiatives at local and national level in Denmark. However, challenges were experienced regarding the usefulness of the system mapping process, with a tension between the map as a step in a shared process towards actions and the map as means to gain a deeper understanding of the complex system of childhood overweight and obesity and how to change the system.
Ethical approval for this study was sought and granted from the Danish Scientific Ethics Committee (S-20220059).
ICT Technology and Global Trade Dynamics: A Comprehensive Analysis of G20 Economies
Authors: Choi Chang Hwan
Published: October 2024

This study analyzed the impact of ICT technology on economic growth and trade in G20 countries. The study found that digital transformation and the development of artificial intelligence have had a significant positive impact on the global digital economy, driving productivity improvement, innovation, and trade.
The study used panel data and found that ICT technology progress contributed about 0.33% to economic growth, while product trade expanded about 0.12% and service trade expanded about 0.14%. The study also identified a "Diminishing Margin Returns of ICT on trade" phenomenon, where trade increases as ICT develops, but the rate of trade decreases over time.
The study suggests that expanding government investment in ICT technology development and innovation and establishing digital trade norms could help maximize the effect of increasing trade, as digital trade can become an engine for new growth.
The study has limitations, such as a limited sample size and the use of panel data, but its findings have important implications for policymakers and businesses in developing countries.
JEL classification: O3, F1, F14, F15, and D24
Evolutive radiological findings in an exceptional case of Cryptococcal and Coccidioidal co-infection in an immunocompetent male. A case report.
Authors: Montanara Paolo La , Albergo Annamaria , Castellana Roberto , Netti Antonella , Romano Caterina , Rossiello Annalisa , Tripoli Alessandra , Vella Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

Background: Bone infections such as chronic fungal erosive osteomyelitis are rare. uncommon forms of bone infection. The widespread yeast of the Cryptococcus species, the endemic dimorphic fungus Coccidioides, and the simultaneous infection by multiple pathogen species are even less common, especially in immunocompetent hosts. These infections frequently have no symptoms and the clinical signs remain undetected, allowing the infection to worsen over weeks or months. Mycotic arthritis is one of the rarest clinical symptoms; it is hard to distinguish from other types of arthritis, which slows down the diagnosis procedure.
Case presentation: In order to demonstrate the beginning and progression of radiological abnormalities in a case of aggressive fungal osteomyelitis, we provide the case of a 31-year-old male patient here. The man showed signs of extensive bone erosion and inflammatory involvement in his right knee and right hallux phalanx, although he had no prior history of immunodeficiency. The co-infection resulting from Cryptococcus Neoformans in his right knee and Coccidioides Immitis in his hallux were the reason for the injuries.
Conclusions: While an acute, benign, and self eradicating lung infection is the predominant presentation for most cases of cryptococcosis and coccidioidomycosis, a small percentage of patients experience a devastating extrapulmonary condition, which can include arthritis. The pathogenic mechanism of bone involvement are unknown, and it often remains untreated. Here, we discuss radiographic evidence of particular bone inflammation during the early phase and later phases of the disease, since management of this chronic condition remains a challenge. We propose that imaging may mimic osseous neoplasia in persistent fungal diseases, such as Coccidioidomycosis and Cryptococcosis.
Ideal Outcome Post-Pancreatoduodenectomy: A Comprehensive Healthcare System Analysis
Authors: Khalid Abdullah , Pasha Shamsher A. , Demyan Lyudmyla , Newman Elliot , King Daniel A. , DePeralta Danielle , Gholami Sepideh , Weiss Matthew J. , Melis Marcovalerio
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
Indicators, such as mortality and complications, are commonly used to measure the quality of care. However, a more comprehensive assessment of surgical quality is captured using composite outcome measures such as Textbook Outcome (TO), Optimal Pancreatic Surgery, and a newer 'Ideal Outcome' (IO) measure. We reviewed our institutional experience to assess the impact of demographics, comorbidities, and operative variables on IO after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD).
Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted on PD patients at Northwell Health between 2009-2023. IO was determined by the absence of six adverse outcomes, including in-hospital mortality, Clavien-Dindo ≥ III complications, significant postoperative pancreatic fistula, reoperation, extended hospital stay, and readmission within 30 days. Logistic regression analyzed the effects of various factors on achieving IO.
Results:
Of the 578 patients who underwent PD, 248 (42.91%) achieved the IO. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with increased odds of achieving IO included neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR 1.303, 95% CI 1.050-1.620) and the presence of neuroendocrine tumors (OR 3.371, 95% CI 1.35-8.415). Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) (OR 0.341, 95% CI 0.145-0.803) and older age (≥ 70 years) (OR 0.489, 95% CI 0.321-0.745) were associated with decreased odds of achieving IO. Patients with IO had significantly improved survival (p=0.001) and lower odds of 90-day mortality (0 vs. 9.39%, p <0.001).
Conclusion:
IO may offer a comprehensive metric for assessing PD outcomes, highlighting the impact of age, chemotherapy, biliary drainage, and tumor types. These findings suggest targeted interventions and quality improvements could enhance PD outcomes by addressing modifiable factors and refining clinical strategies.
Reducing Costs of Climate Adaptation: New Evidence from a High Desert
Authors: Ward Frank
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the hypothesis that seawater desalination technology is too costly for widespread benefit for irrigated agriculture. An integrated optimization model is developed to test this hypothesis by assessing the benefits of incorporating affordable desalinated seawater into local urban water supplies, revealing a gain for both cities and farm water users. Using the Rio Grande Basin high desert region of North America as a case study, the economic performance of various water shortage sharing strategies is investigated under current and projected desalination costs, with broader implications for other arid regions internationally. The findings reveal that water trading between agricultural and urban sectors significantly reduces the cost of adapting to climate-induced water stress. Additionally, the availability of affordable desalinated water further enhances these cost reductions, demonstrating its potential to lower the cost of climate adaptation in arid regions worldwide where competition for water is most intense.
Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Prevention of Capsular Contracture
Authors: Govrin-Yehudain Orel , Korzets Yasmin , Zkika Yosef , Castel Noam , Brzezinski Rafael Y. , Reuveni Debby , Govrin-Yehudain Yoad , Gur Eyal , Solodeev Inna , Barnea Yoav
Published: October 2024

Background
Capsular contracture (CC) is the most common complication associated with implant-based breast surgery, with particularly high risk in patients undergoing alloplastic reconstruction surgery followed by radiation therapy. Revision surgery, the only currently effective treatment, carries a high risk of recurrent CC and secondary complications. This work assessed the prophylactic potential of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs) in a novel animal model of radiation-induced CC.
Methods
A total of 36 female C57Bl/6 mice, were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) IMP (silicone implants only), (2) IMP + RAD (silicone implants and irradiation therapy to promote CC); (3) IMP + RAD + MSCs (silicone implants, irradiation therapy and local administration of hAD-MSCs). On day 42 post-implantation, animals were euthanized and capsular tissue was subjected to histological and gene expression analyses. In addition, serum transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) levels were measured.
Results
Targeted radiotherapy induced significant CC. In contrast, on day 42 post-irradiation, capsular thickness in the IMP + RAD + MSCs group was significantly lower, comparable to that of non-irradiated mice. hAD-MSCs treatment also resulted in a significant downregulation of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory genes in the capsular tissue.
Conclusion
hAD-MSCs demonstrated significant prophylactic potential in preventing radiation-induced CC. Further research is necessary to investigate the underlying mechanisms and to assess the efficacy and safety of this approach.
In-hospital Mortality Prognostication for Cancer Patients with Febrile Neutropenia: A Single Center Observational Study
Authors: Chaudhary Safee Ullah , Tahir Amna , Hassan Muhammad , Farooq Asim , Ashfaq Sara , Ayub Maleeha , Hameed Iqra , Sheikh Ali , Ahad Abdul , Azad Junaid , Ahmed Umair , Aleem Asad , Masood Asad , Asghar Kashif , Khan Ahsun
Published: October 2024

Febrile neutropenia (FN) in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy can result in life-threatening outcomes. Hence, an evaluation of associated risk factors can enable clinical surveillance as well as inform prophylactic measures. In this retrospective cohort study, we report a mortality prognostication model for chemotherapy-treated cancer patients upon a neutropenic episode.Clinical and diagnostic data of 137 febrile neutropenia patients (>18 years) was collected from a cancer hospital, with the primary endpoint of post-hospital admission mortality within 30 days. The data was integratively analyzed and machine learning techniques were applied to develop the predictive model which was then internally cross validated. Towards enabling personalized risk assessment, a nomogram was constructed and validated. Chemotherapy-treated cancer patients undergoing a neutropenic episode exhibited an overall mortality rate of 17.36%. Multivariate logistic analysis elucidated that shock, pneumonia, carboplatin, doxorubicin, antifungal and antiviral prophylaxis, and hemoglobin correctly classified cases with an overall accuracy of 92% and discriminated mortality with a specificity of 76%. Antiviral (odds ratio (OR): 0.669, p = 0.689), and antifungal prophylaxis (OR: 0.619, p = 0.5) demonstrated a protective effect. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the nomogram exhibited an area under the curve of 0.878 (95% CI 0.778 - 0.977), Hosmer–Lemeshow test p-value = 0.635, and a high net benefit in the clinical decision curve. The proposed model offers insights into the role of clinical predictors as well as treatment characteristics that can ameliorate mortality risk in cancer patients with FN. The study highlights bacteremia-related surveillance, along with thrombocytopenia, linked to carboplatin, for reducing individualized mortality risk along with improved monitoring and informed treatment strategies.
Water Footprint and Virtual Water Assessment for Textile Industries of Bangladesh
Authors: Dipu Salah Uddin Ahmed , Piyash Nabil Ahemed
Published: October 2024

The textile and garment industry in Bangladesh, a significant contributor to the national economy and major exporters, heavily consumes water and causes environmental pollution. This thesis evaluates the water usage and pollution in the sector by assessing its blue, green, and grey water footprints, focusing on the dyeing, printing, and finishing stages in three industries: KDS, FOURH, and AMBER. The study aims to provide insights into the virtual water footprint and current water management practices, identifying areas for improvement to promote sustainable water resource management in the textile industry.
Syringe service program-based telemedicine linkage to opioid use disorder treatment: the randomized mixed method STAMINA trial
Authors: Watson Dennis P. , Franceschini Dana , Swartz James A. , Dewey Jodie , Mackesy-Amiti Mary Ellen , Taylor Lisa , Staton Monte , Zhao Peipei , Messmer Sarah , Jimenez Antonio D. , Gastala Nicole
Published: October 2024

Background
The opioid overdose crisis necessitates expanded access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). Treatment programs often struggle to engage individuals at the highest overdose risk. This study, STAMINA, aimed to engage participants at a syringe service program (SSP) and connect them to treatment through a telemedicine platform.
Methods
In a pragmatic mixed methods trial, participants were randomized to either telemedicine (n = 138) or standard referral (n = 136). Baseline and 90-day structured interviews, urine testing, and administrative data from MOUD providers were collected. Additionally, a subset of participants (n = 36) completed semi-structured qualitative interviews. The study took place at two SSP sites in Chicago, IL, involving 274 individuals (78% male, 61% African American, 78% non-Latino, mean age = 48) interested in starting MOUD treatment. Interventions included an immediate telemedicine appointment with transportation to the first in-person MOUD appointment versus standard referral. Participants could choose from methadone, buprenorphine, or extended-release naltrexone.
Results
The primary outcome was measured by attendance at the first in-person appointment, indicating successful treatment linkage. Secondary outcomes included MOUD engagement, retention, and non-MOUD opioid use, assessed through self-report and urinalysis. The key determinant of linkage success was scheduling an in-person appointment within 48 hours of study enrollment (aOR = 3.20, p < .01). Methadone treatment posed significant requirements but showed greater success compared to buprenorphine. Participants reported various reasons for continued illicit opioid use.
Conclusions
Telemedicine alone is insufficient to overcome MOUD access barriers. Differences in MOUD requirements should inform the design of linkage interventions. Additional supports may be necessary to enhance the success of flexible treatments like buprenorphine.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04575324).
Photoinduced Modulation of the Oxidation State
of Dibenzothiophene S-Oxide Molecules
on an Insulating Substrate
Authors: Nony Laurent , Hankache Mélissa , Magné Valentin , Geagea Elie , Marqués Pablo Simón , Clair Sylvain , Giovanelli Luca , Loppacher Christian , Mallet-Ladeira Sonia , Maerten Eddy , Kammerer Claire , Madec David
Published: October 2024

On-surface chemistry aims to overcome the limitations of conventional in-solution synthesis by taking advantage of the confinement in two dimensions to master highly ordered covalent structures with tailored properties. So far, most of the reported work was conducted on metal substrates and relied on unconventional mechanisms, thereby precluding a direct transposition of well-established organic reactions from solutions to surfaces. In addition, the intrinsic properties and reactivity of metal substrates often limit the activation methods available to trigger on-surface reactions, and photoinduced processes are especially difficult to handle due to quenching of the adsorbed precursor molecules. Herein, the photoinduced deoxygenation of dibenzothiophene S-oxide (DBTO) derivatives was transposed from solutions to insulating alkali halide surfaces in ultra-high vacuum. By combining in-solution and on-surface investigations by means of scanning tunneling microscopy, non-contact atomic force microscopy, as well as Bias spectroscopy measurements, we provide evidence of the successful on-surface deoxygenation of individual DBTO derivatives under UV irradiation. The photoinduced deoxygenation is conducted at low temperature (< 25 K) on a NaCl thin film formed on a Au(111) substrate to yield the reduced dibenzothiophene (DBT) product with excellent chemoselectivity. This work thus opens the way to in-situ photocontrolled charge state manipulation in purely organic compounds.
First-year growth trajectories of preterm infants receiving kangaroo mother care, their early life predictors and association with one-year malnutrition
Authors: Nel Sanja , Feucht Ute , Botha Tanita , Arashi Mohammad , Wenhold Friedeburg
Published: October 2024

Background
Longitudinal growth of South African preterm infants is inadequately described. This study characterises first-year growth trajectories in a historical preterm infant cohort, and investigates associations with early-life predictors and one-year anthropometry.
Methods
Clinic records of 322 preterm infants followed up for one year post-discharge from a South African tertiary hospital’s kangaroo mother care unit were analysed. Latent class trajectory modelling identified characteristic trajectories of weight-for-age (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-length (WLZ), and head circumference-for-age (HCZ) z-scores, calculated using Fenton Growth Chart and WHO Growth Standards (age-corrected). Ordinal regression analysis determined odds ratios (ORs) for early life predictors (maternal/infant factors, birth weight, early WAZ gain) of growth trajectories. One-year underweight (WAZ<-2), stunting (LAZ<-2), wasting (WLZ<-2) and overweight (BMI-for-age z-score > + 2) were compared using Chi-squared/Fisher’s Exact tests.
Results
Best-fit models identified three WAZ and LAZ trajectories (faltering, gradual gain, catch-up), two WLZ trajectories (faltering, gain) and two HCZ trajectories (maintenance, gain). Lower birth weight z-score (BWZ) predicted LAZ catch-up (OR:8.33(3.13-20.00)), WLZ faltering (OR:1.69(1.11–2.70)) and HCZ gain (OR:1.92 (1.23–3.13)), but lowered odds of gradual WAZ gain (OR:0.36(0.19–0.68)) and WAZ faltering (OR:0.56(0.34–0.92)). Smaller early WAZ gain predicted gradual WAZ gain (OR:2.27(1.56–3.33)), WAZ faltering (OR:1.47(1.11,1.96)), LAZ catch-up (OR:1.85(1.25–2.70)), LAZ faltering (OR:1.39(1.09–1.75)). WAZ and WLZ faltering respectively resulted in more underweight (49.1%, 22.4%), stunting (45.5%, 23.5%) and wasting (21.8%, 10.3%), while gradual LAZ gain resulted in least underweight (2.0%), stunting (2.1%) and wasting (2.1%, all p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Preterm infants display various first-year growth trajectories. Lower BWZ predicted catch-up growth, while poor early WAZ growth predicted growth faltering.
Impact of Advanced Practice Nurses on Blood Pressure Control in Hypertension Management: A Scoping Review
Authors: VAY-DEMOUY Juliette , LELONG Hélène , BLACHER Jacques
Published: October 2024

Background: Hypertension is a major public health problem, with serious consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality. Its high prevalence makes it the leading chronic pathology in the world. Since the 1960s, advanced practice nurses have gradually emerged worldwide. With their wide range of skills, they play an increasingly important role in the management of hypertension. This scoping review aimed to map the literature about the impact of an advanced practice nurse intervention on blood pressure control in hypertension management and to identify research gaps.
Methods: A scoping review was carried out using Pubmed, CINHAL, Cairn, Embase, Cochrane and Google scholar databases. The major inclusion criterion was advanced practice nurse interventions including the ability to prescribe antihypertensive treatment (renewal +/- initiation).
Results: A total of 8 studies were included according to our eligibility criteria. All agreed on the significant benefits of an advanced practice nurse intervention on blood pressure control in hypertension management versus usual care or physician care only. The lack of literature and the poor quality of available data were deplored.
Conclusion: All references supported the hypothesis that advanced practice nurses can be a considerable lever to optimize blood pressure control in the overall hypertension management. Nevertheless, research of good methodological quality remains needed to draw any conclusion.
Investigation of the Female Genital Tract Microbiome and its Association with Hydrosalpinx in Women Undergoing Salpingectomy
Authors: Yagel Yael , Motro Yair , Green Stefan , Klapper-Goldstein Hadar , Pardo Ella , Moran-Gilad Jacob , Weintraub Adi Y.
Published: October 2024

Objective: To describe the microbiome of the vagina and fallopian tubes, and its relation with hydrosalpinx.
Methods: Case-control study was conducted in women who underwent salpingectomy for hydrosalpinx (case) or other indications (controls). Samples were obtained during surgery and were subjected to 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and analyses of alpha diversity and beta diversity measures were compared between sites and groups. Differential abundances of bacteria associated with vaginal dysbiosis was compared between cases and controls.
Results: Nine women with hydrosalipnx, and 23 women without hydrosalpinx were included in the study. The mean age of studied women was 41 (range: 29-54), and most (89%) were premenopausal. After in silico decontamination, only 30% of control fallopian tubes samples, and 10% of case fallopian tubes samples, had evidence of bacterial presence. The vaginal microbiota of control patients showed greater abundance of lactobacilli whereas the vaginal microbiome of case patients contained relatively more bacterial vaginosis associated bacteria such as Prevotella, Gardenrella and Atopobium. A significant difference was found in alpha and beta diversity between the vaginal and FT microbiomes in control patients, as fallopian tubes samples were more diverse. We found that women with hydrosalpinx had a more “dysbiotic” vaginal microbiome, and in women without hydrosalpinx, microbial composition within the vagina and FT differed, possibly representing two distinct ecological environments.
Conclusion: women undergoing salpingectomy for various reasons harbored bacteria within their FT, women with hydrosalpinx generally did not. This suggests that even though infection may be an underlying cause of hydrosalpinx, bacteria may not be present by the time patients require surgery.
Multiomics-based Analysis Reveals Differences in intratumoral microbiota and Prognostic in Gastric Cancer Patients with Different BMI
Authors: Liu Kang , Jiang Zhengchen , Ma Yubo , Xia Ruihong , Zheng Yingsong , Yin Kailai , Pang Chuhong , Yuan Li , Cheng Xiangdong , Liu Zhuo , Zhang Bo , Wang Shi
Published: October 2024

Body mass index (BMI) is considered a significant prognostic factor for tumor outcomes;however, the role of BMI in gastric cancer (GC) remains controversial. Currently, there is a lack of research investigating the impact of BMI on GC from the perspective of intratumoral microbiota. This study aimed to compare and analyze the differences in and functions of intratumoral microbiota among GC patients with varying BMIs, aiming to ascertain whether specific microbial features are associated with prognosis in low-BMI gastric cancer patients.A retrospective analysis of the clinicopathological features and prognosis of 5567 patients with different BMIs were performed between January 2010 and December 2019. Tumor tissues from 189 GC patients were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing, 64 samples were selected for transcriptome sequencing, and 57 samples were selected for untargeted metabolomic analysis.Clinical cohort analysis revealed that GC patients with a low BMI(LBMI) presented poorer clinical and pathological characteristics than those with a nonlow- BMI༈NLBMI༉. LBMI has as a significant independent risk factor for adverse prognosis, potentially exerting immunosuppressive effects on postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed no significant differences in the alpha and beta diversity of the intratumoral microbiota between the two groups of GC patients. However, LEfSe analysis revealed 32 differential intratumoral microbiota between the LBMI and NLBMI groups. Notably, g_Abiotrophia was significantly enriched in the LBMI group. In GC patients with LBMI, g_Abiotrophia was negatively correlated with the eosinophil, P2RY12, and SCN4B genes but positively correlated with LGR6. Metabolomic analysis further revealed a positive correlation between g_Abiotrophia and the purine metabolism products guanine and idp.LBMI is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer and may have inhibitory effects on postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. There are differences in intratumoral microbiota between GC patients with different BMIs, along with distinct immune cell infiltration and metabolic characteristics.g_Abiotrophia may promote the occurrence and development of GC by regulating eosinophils and purine metabolism pathways, providing new solutions for precision treatment of GC.