bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FATORES ASSOCIADOS À PROPAGAÇÃO DE INFECÇÕES SEXUALMENTE TRANSMISSÍVEIS ENTRE IDOSOS NO BRASIL: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
Authors: Sales Laís Borges , Oliveira Juliana Yasmim Mendonça Leão de , Campanholo Luma De Oliveira , Oliveira Matheus Henrique Mendes de , Vicente Rogério Fagundes , Prado Renata Silva do
Published: August 2021

Introdução: A transição demográfica, marcada pelo envelhecimento populacional, tem como consequência o prolongamento no período que diz respeito à atividade sexual da população idosa. Uma das complicações que surgem nesse contexto é o aumento da transmissão de Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST) entre os idosos no Brasil. Objetivo: Definir os principais fatores que influenciam na transmissão de IST entre a população idosa no Brasil. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, na qual foram buscados artigos publicados entre 2015 e 2020, nos seguintes bancos de dados: National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health (PUBMED), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Google Scholar e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO). Resultados e discussão: Ao final foram selecionados 25 artigos. Os principais fatores associados à transmissão de IST entre idosos são: a desinformação por parte dessa população e dos profissionais de saúde, os aspectos culturais e a contínua prática sexual insegura. Há a compreensão errônea de que preservativos têm função apenas de contracepção, além de baixo conhecimento sobre a transmissão de IST por parte desse grupo populacional. Ademais, a formação dos profissionais de saúde não abrange de maneira efetiva a sexualidade do idoso, o que corrobora com atitudes conservadoras por parte dos profissionais. Conclusão: Os aspectos cultutais, a desinformação e as práticas sexuais inseguras continuam contribuindo para o aumento na transmissão de IST no país, o que necessita, portanto, de desenvolver políticas públicas que englobem o idoso nas campanhas de prevenção.Palavras-chave: Saúde do idoso. Sexualidade. Serviços de saúde para idosos. Saúde sexual.Infecções sexualmente transmissíveis.
Coronal Hole Detection and Open Magnetic Flux
Authors: Linker Jon A. , Heinemann Stephan G. , Temmer Manuela , Owens Mathew J. , Caplan Ronald M. , Arge Charles N. , Asvestari Eleanna , Delouille Veronique , Downs Cooper , Hofmeister Stefan J. , Jebaraj Immanuel C. , Madjarska Maria S. , Pinto Rui F. , Pomoell Jens , Samara Evangelia , Scolini Camilla , Vršnak Bojan
Published: August 2021

Many scientists use coronal hole (CH) detections to infer open magnetic flux. Detection techniques differ in the areas that they assign as open, and may obtain different values for the open magnetic flux. We characterize the uncertainties of these methods, by applying six different detection methods to deduce the area and open flux of a near-disk center CH observed on 2010 September 19, and applying a single method to five different EUV filtergrams for this CH. Open flux was calculated using five different magnetic maps. The standard deviation (interpreted as the uncertainty) in the open flux estimate for this CH ≈ 26%. However, including the variability of different magnetic data sources, this uncertainty almost doubles to 45%. We use two of the methods to characterize the area and open flux for all CHs in this time period. We find that the open flux is greatly underestimated compared to values inferred from in situ measurements (by 2.2–4 times). We also test our detection techniques on simulated emission images from a thermodynamic MHD model of the solar corona. We find that the methods overestimate the area and open flux in the simulated CH, but the average error in the flux is only about 7%. The full-Sun detections on the simulated corona underestimate the model open flux, but by factors well below what is needed to account for the missing flux in the observations. Under-detection of open flux in coronal holes likely contributes to the recognized deficit in solar open flux, but is unlikely to resolve it.
The Simulation of Superluminous Supernovae Using the M1 Approach for Radiation Transfer
Authors: Urvachev Egor , Shidlovski Dmitry , Tominaga Nozomu , Glazyrin Semyon , Blinnikov Sergei
Published: August 2021

Superluminous supernovae can be explained by the interaction of their ejecta with a dense circumstellar medium. The resulting shock boosts the radiative luminosity of the supernova by converting mechanical energy into radiative energy. Accurate modeling of the shock, which suffers high radiative losses, requires the use of radiation hydrodynamics. High-precision methods have a large computational cost, so approximations are generally used. In this paper, we describe the implementation of the M1 approximation of radiation transfer using the hydrodynamics code, front. Basic tests show good agreement with reference solutions and with results from other codes. Additional tests were undertaken to show some cases where the M1 method produces unphysical results, such as in the regions where the light beams intersect each other. Tests with outgoing rays are also presented to validate the use of the M1 approach in supernova simulations. Further, a simple initial model for a superluminous supernova was created to study the shock-interacting mechanism. It is shown that the M1 approach correctly reproduces both the bolometric light curve of the supernova in one-dimensional, spherically symmetric simulations, as well as the dynamics of the thin dense layer that arises in this scenario due to extreme radiative cooling. The thin layer is unstable in multidimensional simulations, but the perturbations do not drastically change the photosphere’s parameters at the beginning of the simulation and do not strongly affect the light curve during the first 50 days.
Astro-COLIBRI—The COincidence LIBrary for Real-time Inquiry for Multimessenger Astrophysics
Authors: Reichherzer P. , Schüssler F. , Lefranc V. , Yusafzai A. , Alkan A. K. , Ashkar H. , Becker Tjus J.
Published: August 2021

Astro-COLIBRI is a novel tool that evaluates alerts of transient observations in real time, filters them by user-specified criteria, and puts them into their multiwavelength and multimessenger context. Through fast generation of an overview of persistent sources as well as transient events in the relevant phase space, Astro-COLIBRI contributes to an enhanced discovery potential of both serendipitous and follow-up observations of the transient sky. The software’s architecture comprises a Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface, both a static and a real-time database, a cloud-based alert system, as well as a website and apps for iOS and Android as clients for users. The latter provide a graphical representation with a summary of the relevant data to allow for the fast identification of interesting phenomena along with an assessment of observing conditions at a large selection of observatories around the world.
Searching for Low-redshift Faint Galaxies with MMT/Hectospec
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Huang Jia-Sheng , Willmer Christopher N. A. , Zhang Hong-Xin , Ashby Matthew L. N. , Xu Hai , Sawicki Marcin , Arnouts Stephane , Gwyn Stephen , Desprez Guilllaume , Coupon Jean , Golob Anneya , Liang Piaoran , Cao Tianwen , Shi Yaru , Jin Gaoxiang , He Chuan , Wu Shumei , Li Zijian , Sophia Dai Y. , Xu C. Kevin , Shao Xu , Musin Marat
Published: August 2021

We present redshifts for 2753 low-redshift galaxies between 0.03 ≲ z
spec ≲ 0.5 with 18 ≤ r ≤ 22 obtained with Hectospec at the Multi-Mirror Telescope. The observations targeted the XMM-LSS, ELAIS-N1 and DEEP2-3 fields, each of which covers ∼1 deg2. These fields are also part of the recently completed Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Large Area U-band Deep Survey and ongoing Hyper Suprime-Cam deep fields surveys. The efficiency of our technique for selecting low-redshift galaxies is confirmed by the redshift distribution of our sources. In addition to redshifts, these high signal-to-noise ratio spectra are used to measure ages, metallicities, and nuclear activity levels. In combination with the photometric catalog in u, g, r, i, z, y down to 27 AB mag, we are able to study the galaxy population down to stellar masses of ∼108
M
⊙. This paper presents the observational strategy, the reduction procedure and properties of the galaxy sample. (The catalog can be accessed through the survey’s website at http://mips.as.arizona.edu/~cnaw/Faint_Low_z/.)
Radio, X-Ray, and Extreme-ultraviolet Observations of Weak Energy Releases in the “Quiet” Sun
Authors: Ramesh R. , Kathiravan C. , Mithun N. P. S. , Vadawale S. V.
Published: August 2021

We analyzed ground-based low frequency (<100 MHz) radio spectral and imaging data of the solar corona obtained with the facilities in the Gauribidanur observatory during the same time as the very weak soft X-ray flares (sub-A-class, flux <10−7Wm−2 in the 1–8 Å wavelength range) from the quiet Sun observed with the X-ray Solar Monitor (XSM) on board Chandrayaan-2 during the recent solar minimum. Nonthermal type I radio burst activity was noticed in close temporal association with the X-ray events. The estimated brightness temperature (T

b
) of the bursts at a typical frequency like 80 MHz is ≈3 × 105 K. Extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) observations at 94 Å with the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) revealed a brightening close to the same location and time as the type I radio bursts. As far as we know reports of simultaneous observations of X-ray and/or EUV counterpart to weak transient radio emission at low frequencies from the quiet Sun in particular are rare. Considering this and the fact that low frequency radio observations are sensitive to weak energy releases in the solar atmosphere, the results indicate that coordinated observations of similar events would be useful to understand transient activities in the quiet Sun.
A Sample Bias in Quasar Variability Studies
Authors: Shen Yue , Burke Colin J.
Published: August 2021

When a flux-limited quasar sample is observed at later times, there will be more dimmed quasars than brightened ones, due to a selection bias induced at the time of sample selection. Quasars are continuously varying and there are more fainter quasars than brighter ones. At the time of selection, even symmetrical variability will result in more quasars with their instantaneous fluxes scattered above the flux limit than those scattered below, leading to an asymmetry in flux changes over time. The same bias would lead to an asymmetry in the ensemble structure function (SF) of the sample such that the SF based on pairs with increasing fluxes will be slightly smaller than that based on pairs with decreasing fluxes. We use simulated time-symmetric quasar light curves based on the damped random walk prescription to illustrate the effects of this bias. The level of this bias depends on the sample, the threshold of magnitude changes, and the coverage of light curves, but the general behaviors are consistent. In particular, the simulations matched to recent observational studies with decade-long light curves produce an asymmetry in the SF measurements at the few percent level, similar to the observed values. These results provide a cautionary note on the reported time asymmetry in some recent quasar variability studies.
Percentage of Injuries, and Related Factors Among a Group of Medical Students in Cairo University: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sabry Hend Ali , Abou Zeid Alaa , Salem Marwa
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: There has been a lack of data on injuries in young adults, including university students, in particular medical students.

AIM: The current study was conducted to explore the percentage, and related factors of injuries among a group of medical students, who constitute an important risk group for accidents and injuries.

METHODS: This exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted in Kasr Al-ainy Medical School. A convenient sample of medical students was chosen. 1300 survey questionnaires were distributed along all academic years, 807 from them were completely retrieved. The questionnaire form was adopted from “Health behavior survey among university students in low- and middle-income countries questionnaire.” Data entry and analysis were carried out using SPSS 21.0.

RESULTS: One-quarter reported having a form of injury last year. Falling was the most nominated cause of injuries by the participant students (5,31.3%). Only those who “perceived” their general health as “well” reported being injured significantly more than those who perceived their general health as poor, with a p value = 0.006 and odds ratio of 1.6 (1.1–2.2). Taking drugs was the only factor significantly determining how the injury happened; whether it is intentional or unintentional with a p = 0.01 highlighting that about one-third (5, 31.3%) of those who were intentionally injured were taking drugs.

CONCLUSION: Two factors were identified which will increase the understanding of public health of injuries in university communities to design programs for injury prevention programs specifically targeting medical students.
Comparison of Apically Extruded Debris Associated with Different Irrigation Techniques after Removal of Intracanal Medicaments
Authors: El-Din Shaimaa Nasr , Ali Magdy M. , Hassan Reham
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to compare the effect of XP-endo Finisher file (XPF), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and conventional irrigation technique using side-vented needle (SVN) on the amount of apically extruded debris after the removal of calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 and double antibiotic paste (DAP). Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted human mandibular premolars were used. After decronation, all canals were prepared up to the ProTaper Next X4 file (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). After dryness, teeth were randomly assigned into 2 groups (n=30) according to the Type of intracanal medication used; Ca(OH)2 and DAP then incubated at 37 °C and 100% humidity. After one week, Samples in each group were randomly assigned to 3 subgroups (n=10) according to the method used for medicament removal: XPF, PUI and SVN. Debris extruded during the removal procedure were collected into pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes then left to dry in an incubator at 37°C for 15 days.  The amount of extruded debris was assessed with an analytical balance and calculated by subtracting the initial weight from the final weight of the tube.  Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test. Results:  there was no statistically significant difference regarding the amount of apically extruded debris after using the three irrigation techniques in removal of both Ca(OH)2 and DAP (P-value = 0.141, Effect size = 0.160) and (P-value = 0.237, Effect size = 0.073) respectively. Conclusions:  Neither XPF nor PUI increase the risk of intracanal medicament extrusion beyond the apex.
Coinfection of the intestinal tract with Aeromonas hydrophila, Clostridium difficile and Rotavirus - a case report
Authors: Vasilev Petar , Ivanovska Mariya , Lengerova Gergana , Petrova Atanaska , Hristozova Eli , Murdjeva Marianna , Stoycheva Mariyana
Published: August 2021

Most cases of acute diarrhea in adults are of infectious etiology, likely viral and self-limited. Among those with severe diarrhea, however, bacterial causes are responsible for most cases.

Apart from the standard stool cultures, to increase the positive yield a novel multiplex molecular test can be performed simultaneously. The authors present a patient with recurrent diarrhea and detection of Aeromonas hydrophila by culturing and Rotavirus and Clostridioides difficile by multiplex molecular test. They discuss and justify which is the most likely actionable pathogen. Good communication between the physicians and interpretation on the multiple positive results in the context of clinical picture and the test employed were important for a better management and favourable outcome of the patient.
Non-COVID-19 viral respiratory tract infection as causes of death amid the pandemic: a report of two autopsy cases and tips for safe practice
Authors: Stoyanov George , Dzhenkov Deyan , Petkova Lilyana
Published: August 2021

Autopsy practice is one of the most well-defined procedures in medicine, with strict safety instructions in place to protect medical personnel from infectious agents. However, for various reasons, these precautionary measures are often overlooked. Herein we report two autopsy cases of patients who died during the COVID-19 pandemic and the national state of emergency declared in Bulgaria. One patient was a 77-year-old female who had a medical history of a viral respiratory tract infection in February 2020 but had not undergone any test. She had multiple comorbidities including hypertension, cerebral and cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. The other patient was a 53-year-old female with morbid obesity with previous medical history of malignancy, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Both patients were tested for COVID-19 during the autopsy. Gross and histological findings in both patients showed respiratory tract viral infection with severe complications, incompatible with life. The first patient had serous desquamative tracheitis, hemorrhagic pneumonia, pericarditis, meningitis, and acute necrotizing encephalitis. The second patient had serous tracheitis, interstitial pneumonia, and diffuse alveolar damage and pneumocyte cytopathic effect, the alveolar septi had undergone a fibrotic change, with serous meningitis and non-necrotizing encephalitis also noted histologically. Autopsy-wise, it is always important, against the backdrop of an epidemic, to use full precautionary measures and exclude epidemic strands in cases where gross findings are suggestive of a viral infection.
Exposition des cyclistes à la pollution sonore et atmosphérique à Lyon, France
Authors: Apparicio Philippe , Gelb Jérémy , Jarry Vincent , Lesage-Mann Élaine , Debax Sophie
Published: August 2021

L’objectif de cet article est de modéliser l’exposition des cyclistes au bruit et au dioxyde d’azote (NO 2 ) à Lyon (France). Les données primaires (1 095 km), collectées à vélo en février 2019, permettent de construire trois modèles bayésiens (modèles généralisés additifs à effets mixtes avec un terme autorégressif) avec, comme variables dépendantes : le bruit (dB(A)), la concentration de NO 2 (μg/m 3 ) et l’inhalation de NO 2 (μg). Les résultats montrent que les expositions des cyclistes et l’inhalation de NO 2 varient significativement en fonction des types d’axes qu’ils empruntent. Par conséquent, ces deux nuisances urbaines devraient être prises en compte lors de la planification des voies cyclables.
Pierre Monbeig et le Brésil (1935-1946) : une géographie sous tensions
Authors: Alves de Lira Larissa
Published: August 2021

En 1935, le géographe Pierre Monbeig arrive au Brésil dans le cadre d’une mission universitaire. Il est alors engagé dans une thèse consacrée aux îles Baléares mais sa découverte du terrain brésilien et des enjeux spécifiques d’un pays neuf vont bousculer sa conception de la géographie. Le but de cet article est d’analyser et d’interpréter la transformation de la pensée et des pratiques professionnelles de Monbeig. Au contact de ce grand pays, en évolution rapide et dont une grande partie du territoire n’est pas encore mis en valeur, sa formation française va entrer en tension avec des conceptions territoriales dynamiques, ouvertes et orientées vers l’aménagement.
Lactobacillus intestinalis YT2 restores the gut microbiota and improves menopausal symptoms in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Lim E.Y. , Song E.-J. , Kim J.G. , Jung S.Y. , Lee S.-Y. , Shin H.S. , Nam Y.-D. , Kim Y.T.
Published: August 2021

There are many studies focusing on the alleviation of menopausal symptoms; however, little is known about the role of gut microorganisms in menopausal symptoms. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats were administered a novel strain (YT2) of Lactobacillus intestinalis (a species with significantly reduced abundance in OVX rats) and the potential probiotic effect on the improvement of menopausal symptoms was evaluated. Of note, the gut microbial composition completely shifted after ovariectomy in rats. Treatment with L. intestinalis YT2 significantly alleviated menopausal symptoms, such as increased fat mass, decreased bone mineral density, increased pain sensitivity, depression-like behaviour, and cognitive impairment. Additionally, the administration of L. intestinalis YT2 restored the intestinal microbial composition, including an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio. L. intestinalis YT2 also promoted gut barrier integrity by increasing the mRNA levels of tight junction-related markers. In conclusion, L. intestinalis YT2 treatment alleviated menopausal symptoms via the modulation of the gut microbiota. Importantly, these results suggest that L. intestinalis YT2 should be considered as a therapeutic probiotic agent for menopausal women.
Effects of fish oil on growth kinetics and lipid accumulation in black soldier fly larvae
Authors: Knudsen A.K.S. , Jespersen E.E. , Markwardt M.J. , Johansen A. , Ortind A.P. , Terp M. , Eriksen N.T.
Published: August 2021

The main purpose of this study is to characterise how substrate lipid content affects growth kinetics of black soldier fly (BSF) larvae. Growth curves of larvae were characterised in substrates composed of chicken feed supplemented by 0-30% fish oil, and lipid content and fatty acid composition of the prepupae were quantified to examine up-take and assimilation of fish oil by the larvae. Increasing contents of fish oil resulted in reduced specific growth rates, reduced weight of the prepupae, and increased mortality. The prepupae had similar lipid contents at 0-20% fish oil, while 30% fish oil increased the lipid content of prepupae. In contrast, the fatty acid composition of the prepupae showed a strong dependency on substrate fish oil content, indicating that the larvae increased their uptake of fish oil with increasing fish oil content. C16-C22 fatty acids were bioaccumulated from the fish oil, but particularly C20 and C22 fatty acids were apparently also shortened or further metabolised. Microbial fermentation products rapidly accumulated in the substrates, and substrate lipids and carbohydrates were preserved and remained available for the larvae throughout their growth period. These results point out that although BSF larvae can utilise high contents of substrate lipids, it may be at the expense of reduced growth performance, and with limited effects on the composition of their biomass.
Bioperators on soft topological spaces
Authors: Asaad Baravan A. ,   Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Cihan University-Duhok, Iraq, Al-shami Tareq M. , Mhemdi Abdelwaheb ,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq,   Department of Mathematics, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen,   Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences and Humanities in Aflaj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Published: August 2021

To contribute to soft topology, we originate the notion of soft bioperators $ \tilde{\gamma} $ and $ {\tilde{\gamma}}^{'} $. Then, we apply them to analyze soft $ (\tilde{\gamma}, {\tilde{\gamma}}^{'}) $-open sets and study main properties. We also prove that every soft $ (\tilde{\gamma}, {\tilde{\gamma}}^{'}) $-open set is soft open; however, the converse is true only when the soft topological space is soft $ (\tilde{\gamma}, {\tilde{\gamma}}^{'}) $-regular. After that, we define and study two classes of soft closures namely $ Cl_{(\tilde{\gamma}, {\tilde{\gamma}}^{'})} $ and $ \tilde{\tau}_{(\tilde{\gamma}, {\tilde{\gamma}}^{'})} $-$ Cl $ operators, and two classes of soft interior namely $ Int_{(\tilde{\gamma}, {\tilde{\gamma}}^{'})} $ and $ \tilde{\tau}_{(\tilde{\gamma}, {\tilde{\gamma}}^{'})} $-$ Int $ operators. Moreover, we introduce the notions of soft $ (\tilde{\gamma}, {\tilde{\gamma}}^{'}) $-$ g $.closed sets and soft $ (\tilde{\gamma}, {\tilde{\gamma}}^{'}) $-$ T_{\frac{1}{2}} $ spaces, and explore their fundamental properties. In general, we explain the relationships between these notions, and give some counterexamples.
La contribución de Edgeworth al éxito del macadam. Expansión internacional en sus albores
Authors: Sanz García José Manuel , Romana García Manuel G. , Sánchez Soliño Antonio
Published: August 2021

En la historia de la ingeniería de carreteras, el nombre de John Loudon McAdam tiene un lugar de honor como el inventor del firme de macadam. Sin embargo, el diseño original de McAdam presentaba algunas limitaciones que fueron resueltas por Richard Lovell Edgeworth, siendo este diseño combinado el que se impuso por sus mejores prestaciones en las carreteras de Europa y del mundo occidental. El fallecimiento de Edgeworth en 1817, dos años antes de que McAdam publicara su obra principal, facilitó que la contribución del ingeniero irlandés fuera olvidada por la historia. El presente artículo saca a la luz la contribución de Edgeworth a la concepción del macadam, fundamental para el éxito del diseño, y la expansión de este tipo de firme por las carreteras de los países occidentales en sus primeros años.
Análisis de las percepciones de los stakeholders sobre el lobo en la zona del Parque Nacional de Sila, Italia
Authors: Fasone Venera , Di Gregorio Donatella
Published: August 2021

Aunque la coexistencia entre lobos y humanos es posible y deseable, especialmente en áreas protegidas como el Parque Nacional de Sila, a menudo es una fuente de tensión. El debate sobre la convivencia y los conflictos entre humanos y lobos sigue siendo abierto y controvertido, lo que sugiere la importancia de tener en cuenta las “percepciones” de todas las partes interesadas. Este estudio analiza las percepciones de 3 grupos de partes interesadas (público general, expertos, criadores) en relación con varios factores, e investiga qué intervenciones pueden mitigar los conflictos relacionados con la coexistencia. Entre los resultados, notamos que la mayoría de los encuestados considera positiva la presencia del lobo en el área del Parque; pero solo los expertos consideran positiva esta presencia en el territorio en general, mientras que los otros dos grupos expresan opinión contraria o neutra.
Recovery of Freshwater Invertebrates in Alpine Lakes and Streams Following Eradication of Nonnative Trout with Rotenone
Authors: Schnee Mark E. , Clancy Niall G. , Boyer Matthew C. , Bourret Samuel L.
Published: August 2021

Nonnative fish eradication via the piscicide rotenone is an effective tool for fisheries management and conservation of native species. However, the long-term effects on nontarget organisms, including benthic invertebrates and zooplankton in alpine lakes, are understudied and are poorly understood. As part of a landscape-scale native fish conservation project, we assessed the effects of 50 ppb of rotenone on the aquatic invertebrate community by comparing pre- and postrotenone treatment density and diversity metrics of benthic invertebrates and zooplankton in 13 alpine lakes and their outlets in Montana, USA. Across study sites, decreases in density and diversity of some invertebrate taxa, including Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera, were observed the year following rotenone treatment, and within 3 y, densities and diversities were similar to and sometimes higher than pretreatment values. These results demonstrate resilience of aquatic invertebrate communities following rotenone exposure in alpine lakes and streams and informs fisheries managers for planning rotenone projects and monitoring recovery of nontarget organisms. Additional studies will be useful to evaluate the mechanisms driving invertebrate recovery rates, including downstream drift from nontreated areas and terrestrial adult dispersal.
Rating the Potential Suitability of Habitat in Michigan Stream Reaches for Arctic Grayling
Authors: Goble Cameron W. , Zorn Troy G. , Auer Nancy A. , Holtgren J. Marty , Mays Dan W. , Martell Archie W.
Published: August 2021

Present-day environments and anticipated future conditions often pose a significant challenge to efforts to reintroduce extirpated species, highlighting the need for collaborative, thorough approaches to reintroductions. Such is the case in Michigan, where numerous partners are working to reintroduce Arctic Grayling Thymallus arcticus with hopes of reestablishing self-sustaining populations. With > 47,000 km of coldwater stream habitat in the state and limited numbers of eggs for reintroductions, a prioritization framework was needed to provide a standardized, fine-scale method for rating suitability of streams for reintroductions. Through facilitated discussions with stakeholders and experts, we developed an overall prioritization framework for rating Michigan streams with components evaluating a reach's thermal, instream habitat, biological, and connectivity characteristics. Within the context of this broader framework, we developed the habitat rating component for assessing suitability of instream conditions for egg, fry, juvenile, and adult life stages of Arctic Grayling. Life-stage-specific habitat metrics and scoring criteria from this effort were used to rate habitat conditions for 45 reaches in tributaries of Michigan's Manistee River, enabling identification of reaches likely having instream habitat most suitable for Arctic Grayling. Numbers of reaches meeting or exceeding 60%, 70%, and 80% of the maximum score for overall habitat suitability were 31, 8, and 1. Upon completion of the fish assemblage and connectivity components, the prioritization framework and habitat rating process described here will be used for comparing suitability among streams throughout the historical range of Arctic Grayling in Michigan and guiding reintroduction efforts. Though it will take considerable time before instream habitat suitability criteria can be evaluated for all life-stages of Arctic Grayling in Michigan, the collaborative stream prioritization framework developed for Arctic Grayling reintroduction can be readily adapted to reintroduction efforts for other species elsewhere.
Positioning Corporations as Sustainability Leaders
Authors: Palaschuk Nicholas , El Alfy Amr , Wilson Jeffrey
Published: August 2021

This chapter explores the evolving field of corporate social responsibility (CSR) research and practices in the Sustainable Development Goals era. The authors introduce a contemporary definition of CSR reflective of the SDGs era. Section 1 provides an exploration of the conceptual and theoretical foundations underpinning the evolution of CSR approaches. Section 2 advocates for the SDGs framework in support of the proliferation of sustainability management across business settings. Section 3 delineates how adopting the SDGs as a framework for corporate sustainability can enhance corporate resilience towards economic shocks. Section 4 discusses strategic perspectives on corporate sustainability management and elaborates on the role of business in satisfying promises of sustainable development. Illuminating the legitimacy of the SDGs as a framework for positioning corporations as global sustainability leaders, this chapter serves as a roadmap outlining how business can advance their CSR strategies to align business goals with societal needs in a post-COVID-19 world.
Management of the Political Enterprise in the Service of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Cosmopolitan Society
Authors: Rendtorff Jacob Dahl
Published: August 2021

This chapter proposes to analyze the theory of the political enterprise with focus on the concept of ethical values-driven management in the contemporary debate on the politization of business in service of sustainability in cosmopolitan society. By service of cosmopolitan society of the political enterprise the chapter investigates the idea of the political enterprise as being a responsible political, ethical, and social agent with focus on the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that are required to justify its mission and role in society as a political actor that makes a different for its social and political community. The company is embedded in a social and political order with a diversity of political values, and the discussion about the meaning of the concept of values-driven management is therefore fundamental if one is to analyze the concept of the political enterprise in service of the Sustainable Development Goals.
Exploring Non-Financial Information Research
Authors: Palazuelos Estefanía , San-Martín Paula , Montoya-del-Corte Javier
Published: August 2021

The disclosure of non-financial information by companies in their annual reports is becoming increasingly important due to its interest for stakeholders' decision-making. This chapter aims to map research articles that have addressed the study of non-financial information in the last 20 years and have been published in journals indexed in the Web of Science (JCR) and Scopus (SJR) databases. The analyses carried out are described from a triple perspective: meta-perspective, content-based perspective, and methodological perspective. The main results obtained show the growing interest in research on non-financial information in terms of both quantity and quality of the publications. This study may be of interest to researchers, regulatory bodies, and other economic and social agents.
How Green Is Their Latte Now?
Authors: Durukan M. Banu , Son-Turan Semen
Published: August 2021

This chapter investigates whether sustainability practices of one of the leaders of the coffee industry, Starbucks, have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic as compared to the period before the virus outbreak. In particular, the authors ask which dimensions, or sub-dimensions, of sustainability in particular have been cut off first. Secondary data in the form of industry and company reports, websites, as well as research articles has been used. The findings of this study are particularly important for practitioners and researchers interested in changes in the coffee market, corporate sustainability, and consumer behavior, particularly during a systemic crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The topic is very current, and high-quality interdisciplinary research on a continuously deepening crisis with an unknown expiration date promises value-added potential, much more than “filling a gap” in the literature.
Taopatch® combined with home-based training protocol to prevent sedentary lifestyle and biochemical changes in MS patients during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Amato Alessandra , Messina Giuseppe , Feka Kaltrina , Genua Diego , Ragonese Paolo , Kostrzewa-Nowak Dorota , Fischetti Francesco , Iovane Angelo , Proia Patrizia
Published: August 2021

In Multiple sclerosis (MS) it is important to preserve the residual physiological functions of subjects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of nanotechnological device treatment combined with home-based training program (TP) on lactate level, hand grip strength and cervical mobility on MS patients. Seventeen MS patients were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG) in which the Taopatch® nanotechnological device was applied or to a control group (CG). All the participants carried out a cervical range of motion (1) assessment and the hand grip test at baseline (T0) and after TP (T1), also investigating the lactate levels to figure out if there could be a correlation with the possible changes in the investigated parameters. The results showed no significant differences in both groups for ROM. As regards the hand grip test, EG showed a statistically significant improvement on strength for both hands, dominant (p = 0.01) and non-dominant (p = 0.04), while the CG showed an improvement only for the non-dominant hand (p = 0.001). No correlation was found between baseline lactate level and cervical ROM change. We can definitely conclude that exercise and Taopatch® can help to improve and maintain hand strength in MS subjects and also can prevent sedentary lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic time. These are preliminary results that need further investigations, possibly increasing sample size and lengthening time of intervention.
Radiology subspecialisation in Africa: A review of the current status
Authors: Iyawe Efosa P. , Idowu Bukunmi M. , Omoleye Olasubomi J.
Published: August 2021

Background: Radiology subspecialisation is well-established in much of Europe, North America, and Australasia. It is a natural evolution of the radiology speciality catalysed by multiple factors.Objectives: The aim of this article is to analyse and provide an overview of the current status of radiology subspecialisation in African countries.Methods: We reviewed English-language articles, reports, and other documents on radiology specialisation and subspecialisation in Africa.Results: There are 54 sovereign countries in Africa (discounting disputed territories). Eighteen African countries with well-established radiology residency training were assessed for the availability of formal subspecialisation training locally. Eight (Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, and Tunisia) out of the 18 countries have local subspecialist training programmes. Data and/or information on subspecialisation were unavailable for three (Algeria, Libya, and Senegal) of the 18 countries. Paediatric Radiology (Ethiopia, Nigeria, South Africa, Tunisia) and Interventional Radiology (Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania) were the most frequently available subspecialist training programmes. Except Tanzania, all the countries with subspecialisation training programmes have ≥ 100 radiologists in their workforce.Conclusion: There is limited availability of subspecialist radiology training programmes in African countries. Alternative models of subspecialist radiology training are suggested to address this deficit.
Economic Evaluation of Implementing a Rapid Point-of-Care Screening Test for the Identification of Hepatitis C Virus under National Viral Hepatitis Control Programme in Tamil Nadu, South India
Authors: Malaisamy Muniyandi , Nagarajan Karikalan , Kirti Tyagi , Malkeet Singh , Venkatesan Prakash , Senthilkumar S. , Sananthya Karthikeyan , Rajendran Krishnan , Kavitha Rajsekar , Vivekanandan Shanmugam , Selvavinayagam T. S.
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

Viral hepatitis is a crucial public health problem in India. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination is a national priority and a key strategy has been adopted to strengthen the HCV diagnostics services to ensure early and accurate diagnosis.

Methods:

To conduct an economic evaluation of implementing a rapid point-of-care screening test for the identification of HCV among the selected key population under the National Viral Hepatitis Control Programme in Tamil Nadu, South India. Economic evaluation of a point-of-care screening test for HCV diagnosis among the key population attending the primary health care centers. A combination of decision tree and Markov model was developed to estimate cost-effectiveness of point-of-care screening test for HCV diagnosis at the primary health care centers. Total costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of the intervention and comparator, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were calculated. The model parameter uncertainties which would influence the cost-effectiveness outcome has been evaluated by one-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis.

Results:

When compared to the tertiary level diagnostic strategy for HCV, the point-of-care screening for selected key population at primary health care level results in a gain of 57 undiscounted QALYs and 38 discounted QALYs, four undiscounted life years and two discounted life years. The negative ICER of the new strategy indicates that it is less expensive and more effective compared with the current HCV diagnosis strategy.

Conclusions:

The proposed strategy for HCV diagnosis in the selected key population in Tamil Nadu is dominant and cost-saving compared to the current strategy.
Rehabilitation of Oncological Nasal Defect with Effective Maxillofacial Prosthesis Material
Authors: Chidambaranathan Ahila Singaravel , Thulasingam C.
Published: August 2021

Acquired maxillofacial defects usually result from surgical removal of tumors, infectious diseases, or traumatic injuries and affect the function, esthetics, and psychology of the patient. These extraoral defects can be effectively rehabilitated through surgical reconstruction and/or prosthetic rehabilitation to bring back a near-normal life. This clinical report describes a nasal defect due to squamous cell carcinoma which was successfully managed with an effective prosthesis, and for which, the retention was obtained mechanically using spectacles which is not only cost-effective but also easy to fabricate.
Old is Gold - Modified Dentures Doing Wonders
Authors: Goel Mukti , Kansal Ankur
Published: August 2021

Esthetics has become an integral part of prosthesis. Prosthetic rehabilitation of a completely or partially edentulous patient no longer confines to only replacement of missing teeth but has expanded to the enhancement of esthetics by various treatment modalities. Dentist needs to be updated with the various treatment options for providing proper functioning with pleasing esthetics. This article aims to provide with an easily constructed, inexpensive, and practical removable prosthesis to optimize the esthetic and functional outcomes in the special situations, while permitting cleansability of the prosthesis and supporting tissues.
Clinical Course and Outcomes of Heart Transplant Patients with COVID Infection
Authors: Sahu Manoj Kumar , Yagani Seshagiribabu , Vaswani Prateek , Sirohiya Prashant , Singh Sarvesh Pal , Hote Milind Padmakar , Seth Sandeep
Published: August 2021

Objective:

The objective is to assess the clinical course and outcomes of heart transplant (HTx) recipients affected by COVID-19 disease in a tertiary care health care institution.

Background:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) is a contagious illness with alarming morbidity and mortality. The HTx recipients are chronically immunosuppressed and thus COVID-19 infection in them may result in an unpredictable clinical course.

Materials and Methods:

HTx recipients in a tertiary care transplant center in North India were retrospectively reviewed from January 2020 to January 2021. Case records of 28 patients of HTx were reviewed, and four (14%) were found to have developed Covid-19 infection. Clinical parameters and outcomes of these four HTx recipients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection are described.

Results:

Fourteen percent of our HTx patients (4 out of 28 patients under follow-up) developed COVID-19 in the first infection wave. The study population consisted of 3 males and 1 female patient with a median age of 28 years (range 15–39). The most common presenting symptoms were fever (100%), myalgia (100%) and cough (75%). There was no mortality observed in this study. None required intensive care admission or mechanical ventilatory support. Three were managed with hospital admission while one was subjected to home isolation. The mean hospital stay was 13.5 days (12–17 days). Immunosuppressants were modified by reducing tacrolimus and mycophenolate, however, corticosteroids were continued.

Conclusion:

The dose modification rather than discontinuation of immunomodulatory agents should be established as standard of care for transplant recipients. Steroids may provide added benefit and should be continued. The morbidity and mortality in such cases may be lower than anticipated; however, this needs to be substantiated with larger multicentric studies.
Cardiac Amyloidosis in India
Authors: Agarwal Harsh , Ghosh Tamoghna , Arava Sudheer , Ray Ruma , Seth Sandeep
Published: August 2021

Background:

Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) has been rarely reported from India. We aim to describe the experience of diagnosing and treating cardiac amyloid over three decades from a tertiary care center in India.

Materials and Methods:

Medical records were screened starting from 1987 up to 2019 and patients with histopathological diagnosis of CA were identified. The demographics, clinical presentation, investigations available, prognosis, and outcomes were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.

Results:

A total of 40 patients were enrolled, out of which 26 (65%) were males. Median age at presentation was 51 years with a range of 33–65 years. Fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath were the most common presenting symptoms. Clinical features of systemic amyloidosis including periorbital ecchymosis and macroglossia were present in 7.5% and 10% patients, respectively. Median survival from diagnosis was 2.1 years.

Conclusions:

Cardiac amyloid is a rarely diagnosed cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy in India and usually fatal. The patients in India are younger than the West. Endomyocardial biopsy is usually required to make a diagnosis of cardiac involvement though magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear imaging may raise a suspicion of cardiac amyloid.
Cylinders in Fano varieties
Authors: Cheltsov Ivan , Park Jihun , Prokhorov Yuri , Zaidenberg Mikhail
Published: August 2021

This paper is a survey about cylinders in Fano varieties and related problems.
Connective $K$-theory and Adams operations
Authors: Haution Olivier , Merkurjev Alexander
Published: August 2021

We investigate the relations between the Grothendieck group of coherent modules of an algebraic variety and its Chow group of algebraic cycles modulo rational equivalence. Those are in essence torsion phenomena, which we attempt to control by considering the action of the Adams operations on the Brown–Gersten–Quillen spectral sequence and related objects, such as connective

K_0

-theory. We provide elementary arguments whenever possible. As applications, we compute the connective

K_0

-theory of the following objects: (1) the variety of reduced norm one elements in a central division algebra of prime degree; (2) the classifying space of the split special orthogonal group of odd degree.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Sunroof Buffeting of a Simplified Mercedes-Benz S-Class
Authors: Riedelsheimer Andris , Maihöfer Martin
Published: August 2021

Sunroof buffeting is examined experimentally and numerically in this paper. Despite the fact that some consider the simulation process for sunroof buffeting to be mature, there remain substantial uncertainties even in recently published methodologies. Capturing the frequencies and especially the sound pressure levels correctly is essential if CFD simulations are intended to be used during early stages of a car development process. Numerous experimental results of sunroof buffeting and the interior low-frequency characteristics of a 2013 Mercedes-Benz S-Class have been used to develop a simplified car model: a full-size S-Class model with slightly simplified geometries in the interior as well as at the exterior. To avoid the effects of numerous different materials in the interior, it is solely made from polyurethane and aluminum and built to maximize its structural rigidity and air-tightness. The air-tightness of the cabin and structural modes of body parts have the greatest impact on the Helmholtz frequencies, which are excited by the vortex shedding in the sunroof opening.

With this simplified car model various measurements are carried out to validate the numerical simulation method. The measurement data consists of acoustic data as well as flow quantities. In this paper, Star-CCM+ is used to conduct improved delayed detached eddy simulations with direct noise calculation in order to predict the buffeting frequencies that occur at different wind speeds correctly. Due to the rigid and acoustically hard walls of the simplified car model, which fairly match the numerical boundary conditions, it is possible to predict the interior sound pressure levels correctly as well.

The presented results demonstrate that state-of-the-art CFD codes are capable of predicting sunroof buffeting frequencies and noise levels correctly if the experimental and numerical boundary conditions match.