bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of the properties of denim dyed with sulphur dyeing by elimination of pre‐treatment processes
Authors: Mezarciöz Serin , Sirlibaş Serdal
Published: March 2022

In recent years, the low‐environmental impact technology has given rise to new types of treatment in the textile industry. From the environmental point of view, mainly the textile dyeing process constitutes a significant pollution problem due to the variety and complexity of chemicals employed. Denim has been identified with indigo dyestuff throughout history. However, the percentage of warp yarn woven with sulphur‐dyed denim (included in the denim group of products) has increased in recent years. The justification of this study is to create a new concept in denim fabric dyeing. Conventional denim fabric properties have been tried to be obtained with less process. A novel method with a less environmentally detrimental technique that limits the use of water, chemicals, and other resources has been developed to achieve traditional denim fabric qualities. The colour changes, tensile‐tear strength, skew movement, dimensional stability, and the rubbing fastness values of fabrics dyed using these methods were examined comparatively. According to the results, the properties of fabric treated with the developed dyeing method, are very similar to those of the standard dyed fabrics. The tensile and tear strength values of the fabrics dyed using the reduced process method increased. The dimensional change and movement values of the fabric dyed with the new technique are higher. Fabric dyed with the conventional method has the highest K/S value but the lowest L* value. The greatest ΔE value was seen in fabrics with stone+hypo washing. The rubbing fastness value of the fabric dyed with the reduced process method was better.
Impact of psychiatric comorbidities in psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa and atopic dermatitis: The importance of a psychodermatological approach
Authors: Iannone Michela , Janowska Agata , Panduri Salvatore , Morganti Riccardo , Davini Giulia , Romanelli Marco , Dini Valentina
Published: March 2022

Background

There is a strong interaction between the immunological and nervous system in the skin. Lesions that are physically disfiguring and chronically relapsing have a high impact on quality of life (QoL) and can result in the emergence of psychiatric disorders. The literature data confirm a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and atopic dermatitis (AD), but such data are compromised by low‐quality evidence due to methodological heterogeneity.

Objectives

The primary aim was to analyse the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in a group of psoriasis, AD and HS patients compared with a control group. The secondary aims were to evaluate the impact of psychiatric comorbidities on the disease development, severity, flare‐ups and QoL.

Methods

A total of 59 cases and 64 controls were included.

Results

Generalized anxiety disorder and depressive disorder with anxious distress were found to be risk factors for AD. Age, smoking and substance‐related disorder showed a specific association with HS. Major depressive disorder showed a specific association with dermatology life quality index (DLQI) and all the above disease flare‐ups.

Conclusions

Atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and HS are associated with psychiatric disorders. A psychodermatological approach improves outcomes in terms of QoL, disease flare‐ups and long‐term management.
Omaveloxolone attenuates squamous cell carcinoma growth and disease severity in an Epidermolysis Bullosa mouse model
Authors: Cohen‐Nowak Adam J. , Cohen Alexa J. , Correia Emily D. , Portocarrero Carla P. , South Andrew P. , Nikbakht Neda
Published: March 2022

Patients with epidermolysis bullosa (EB) are susceptible to development of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) at sites of chronic inflammation and fibrosis. While triterpenoids such as RTA 408 (Omaveloxolone) have been shown to reduce inflammation and inhibit tumour growth in various cancer models, the utility of this class of drugs in the treatment of SCC has not been investigated. Given the dual anti‐inflammatory and anti‐neoplastic properties of triterpenoids, we hypothesized RTA 408 would be an effective treatment for SCCs that arise in the chronic inflammatory setting in EB. We tested the effects of topical RTA 408 on a mouse model of non‐Herlitz, junctional EB. RTA 408 significantly reduced phenotypic severity in the affected ears of Lamc2jeb mice. In cultures, RTA 408 reduced cell viability in EB‐associated SCC cell lines and normal human epidermal keratinocytes. When administered in vivo, RTA 408 inhibited SCC tumour growth in mice without cutaneous or systemic toxicity. These results suggest that RTA 408 can be a promising new therapy to reduce inflammation and inhibit SCC growth in patients with EB.
RETRACTED: Hybrid multi agent optimization for optimal battery storage using micro grid
Authors: Bacanin Nebojsa
Published: March 2022

Due to rising of power demands and distributed renewable power saturation, determining optimal capability of the battery energy storage system (BESS) and demand response (DR) inside the microgrid (MG) is critical. To overcome these issues, research proposed in this manuscript employs a hybrid swarm intelligence approach that incorporates game theory. Both BESS and DR concepts are used in the hybrid method operation. The proposed method employs multi‐agent guiding particle swarm optimization (MAPS) and Halton sequence and social motivation strategy based on the grey wolf optimizer (HSGW). The HSGW method helps in minimizing power utilization and energy loss. The results show that, when compared with the traditional methodology, the proposed MAPS‐HSGW method provides the cost‐effective selection between the agents and also decreases the operational cost by about 7.5%. Moreover, it was discovered that the proposed MAPS‐HSGW method outperforms other techniques in terms of results’ quality and computational time metrics.
Guiding principles for integrating stakeholder‐based data into marine fisheries decision‐making with a focus on USA fisheries management
Authors: Murphy Robert , Downs Michael , Wolf Nathan , Harris Bradley P.
Published: March 2022

The propensity for fisheries management agencies in the United States to collect or request stakeholder‐based data has grown considerably in the last decade. While systems are in place for the review and use of biological data in management, there is far less structure to the integration of non‐economic social data. Here, we present a framework for characterizing the applicability of various forms of social data in regulatory processes, documents, and decisions. The social data landscape is presented as a simple framework for understanding the temporal, spatial, and impact scope of policy actions and how different kinds of social data can inform an array of action types and play important roles in management. We conclude with recommendations for practitioners and managers who seek to incorporate different types of stakeholder input into their processes and provide researchers with guidelines when weighing the trade‐offs of unique methodologies.
Basin‐scale approach needed for Yangtze River fisheries restoration
Authors: Jin Binsong , Winemiller Kirk O. , Ren Wenwei , Tickner Dave , Wei Xiaohua , Guo Li , Li Qin , Zhang Hui , Pompeu Paulo Santos , Goichot Marc , Wang Sikai , Shen Ruichang , Wu Xiaoping
Published: March 2022

The Yangtze River contains the highest fish diversity and most important inland fishery resources in China, but its biota and ecosystem services face an uncertain future. The river and its basin have undergone vast changes from centuries of human impacts, and fish stocks are in a particularly dire situation. A complete 10‐year moratorium on commercial fishing within the entire Yangtze River was implemented starting in January 2021. By itself, the ban on fishing will unlikely guarantee full recovery. We conclude that multiple human impacts to the basin and its fish stocks require multidisciplinary strategies implemented at the whole basin scale for effective conservation.
Understanding the interaction of 14‐3‐3 proteins with hDMX and hDM2: a structural and biophysical study
Authors: Srdanović Sonja , Wolter Madita , Trinh Chi H. , Ottmann Christian , Warriner Stuart L. , Wilson Andrew J.
Published: March 2022

p53 plays a critical role in regulating diverse biological processes: DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and senescence. The p53 pathway has therefore served as the focus of multiple drug‐discovery efforts. p53 is negatively regulated by hDMX and hDM2; prior studies have identified 14‐3‐3 proteins as hDMX and hDM2 client proteins. 14‐3‐3 proteins are adaptor proteins that modulate localization, degradation and interactions of their targets in response to phosphorylation. Thus, 14‐3‐3 proteins may indirectly modulate the interaction between hDMX or hDM2 and p53 and represent potential targets for modulation of the p53 pathway. In this manuscript, we report on the biophysical and structural characterization of peptide/protein interactions that are representative of the interaction between 14‐3‐3 and hDMX or hDM2. The data establish that proximal phosphosites spaced ~20–25 residues apart in both hDMX and hDM2 co‐operate to facilitate high‐affinity 14‐3‐3 binding and provide structural insight that can be utilized in future stabilizer/inhibitor discovery efforts.
Design‐driven resilience and the limits of geographic critique
Authors: Cox Savannah , Grove Kevin , Barnett Allain
Published: March 2022

In April of 2019, the Rockefeller Foundation's ‘100 Resilient Cities’ (100RC) programme abruptly shuttered, surprising programme proponents and critics alike. In this paper, we explore why this happened, why some styles of geographic critique could not anticipate 100RC’s closure, and what this inability means for dominant strands of critical geographic analysis. To answer these questions, we bring literature on the biopolitics of resilience, technopolitics and Black geographies to bear on the case of Greater Miami resilience planning. We argue that answers to these questions revolve around the designerly roots of resilience thinking, whose distinct intellectual lineage conventional critical approaches have struggled to pick up on. We show how, on the one hand, design practices of synthesis in Greater Miami attempted to frame and instrumentalise Black histories of and experiences with racial and environmental violence as bounded knowledge that could improve the functioning of complex systems. On the other hand, synthesis created overflowings: opaque knowledges and experiences that resist the framing process and continue to mediate political battles over what resilience in Greater Miami practically becomes. Based on the case, we propose that an inductive style of critique that traces processes of framing and overflowing can help advance critical geographic analysis. As we illustrate in the paper, this mode of critique pays specific attention to the opaque, historically and contextually specific knowledges and experiences that refuse to be framed or synthesised, and work to counter‐frame dominant conceptions of resilience—critical and conventional alike.
Revitalization mechanism of specialty industries in the karst rocky desertification areas: From a perspective of the actor‐network theory
Authors: Ren Bimo , Xiong Kangning , Wang Qi
Published: March 2022

Despite the considerable constraints of karst rocky desertification on the production and life of the locals and the regional economy, few studies have been conducted on areas with karst rocky desertification with the aim of exploring the balance between ecological governance and industrial development. In light of the promotion of featured advantageous industries to ecological governance and industrial development, this study aims to explore the mechanism of industrial revitalization in areas with karst rocky desertification to provide theoretical support for their industrial revitalization. Based on actor‐network theory, this paper presents a case study of Bashan village, a typical area in Guizhou province, China, with karst rocky desertification, to clarify the course of development of itsZanthoxylum bungeanumindustry and propose a mechanism for its revitalization. The findings identify the main actors of the revitalization of theZ. bungeanumindustry and reveal the driving forces behind it. Moreover, the study found that the industrial revitalization model is a bottom‐up process, which suggests strong endogenous dynamics. Through the revitalization of the featured industries, the results of the management of rocky desertification are transformed into economic output, which improved the livelihood of farmers and consolidated the effectiveness of management.
Change in oral hygiene behaviour after non‐surgical periodontal therapy – A retrospective analyses
Authors: Elkerbout Therese A. , Slot Dagmar Else , Rijnen Mirella E. , van der Weijden G. A. (Fridus)
Published: March 2022

Aim

This retrospective analysis investigates changes in daily oral hygiene behaviour after the initial phase of non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT).

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study includes 189 consecutive periodontitis patients treated for moderate to severe periodontitis. The authors used the oral hygiene behaviour questionnaire (OHB‐9) to assess and evaluate the oral hygiene self‐care practices at both intake and evaluation after an active phase of NSPT which consisted of repeated oral hygiene instruction (OHI), supra‐ and subgingival debridement and polishing. In addition, data on pocket probing depth and bleeding upon pocket probing (BOP) were extracted and PISA and PESA scores were collected. All these parameters are descriptive of the periodontal status at intake and the clinical response to NSPT.

Results

The OHB‐9 showed an increased oral hygiene self‐care level after the active phase of NSPT. At the evaluation, 85% of patients used a power toothbrush (PTB), representing an increase of 26% as compared with the intake. In addition, 64% reported brushing 3 min or longer, representing an increase of 33%. The use of woodsticks (WS) and interdental brushes (IDB) at least once a day increased with 15% and 40% respectively. The distribution changes on the answering scale were significant for IDB, WS and brushing duration. However, no significant relationship was found between oral hygiene behaviour at the evaluation and the improvement of the gingival inflammation evaluated by BOP percentage.

Conclusion

The finding of the OHB‐9 questionnaire reported was an increase of patients who brushed longer and used the PTB, WS and IDB on a daily basis. The observed improvements in gingival inflammation assessed as bleeding on probing tendency were not significantly associated with oral hygiene behaviour at the evaluation of NSPT.
Clinical supervision practice by community‐based child and family health nurses: A mixed‐method systematic review
Authors: O'Neill Anne , Edvardsson Kristina , Hooker Leesa
Published: March 2022

Aims

To systematically search the literature to identify studies related to clinical supervision in child and family health nurse contexts, and to determine the role it has in professional practice and the characteristics required for effective supervision.

Design

A mixed‐method systematic review using a convergent integrative approach to data synthesis.

Data source

Studies only in English language were identified from searches of CINAHL, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases covering the years of publication from January 1990 to December 2020.

Review methods

Primary research studies of clinical supervision with child and family health nurses in community settings were included. Studies were critically appraised for methodological quality and data extracted, coded and analysed for themes in keeping with the review aims and key findings of each study.

Results

Of 2185 records screened, 63 full‐text papers were assessed for eligibility, which yielded 12 publications for inclusion—11 from the United Kingdom and one from Sweden. The majority (75%) of included studies were qualitative or mixed method. Four main themes with sub‐themes were identified: structural features, supportive experience, ensuring safety and strengthening practice.

Conclusion

Clinical supervision across child and family health nurse contexts is limited. This study highlighted organizational commitment to clinical supervision as an important component of safe and quality practice. Supervisor training and supervisee orientation to supervision is required to optimize effective participation, together with shared agreement of the goals and purpose of supervision.

Impact

The findings from this review confirm the potential for clinical supervision to support improved outcomes for children and families. Understanding what models work best and in what contexts will inform workplace policy and educational programs for child and family nurses across diverse settings.
COVID‐19 pandemic: Burdens on and consequences for nursing home staff
Authors: Hoedl Manuela , Thonhofer Nina , Schoberer Daniela
Published: March 2022

The objective of this study was to assess burdens placed on and consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic on nursing home staff.

Design

We conducted a qualitative descriptive interview study.

Methods

We interviewed 18 nurses, nursing aides and care aides from five different nursing homes by using a semi‐structured interview guideline between June and September 2020. Data were analysed with a qualitative content analysis method by combining an inductive and deductive coding frame.

Results

Results show that the qualitative work load and work organization were major concerns. Regarding the qualitative work load, participants stated that they were required to perform additional tasks to care for residents, because the pandemic interventions placed the residents under stress and dealing with relatives presented significant challenges. Nursing home staff reported that psychological consequences such as uncertainty, fear and stress represented major effects of the COVID‐19 situation.

Conclusion

We could show that qualitative workloads were assessed and perceived differently. Most nursing home care staff members experienced the changes in working conditions as both physically and psychologically challenging.

Impact

We highly recommend that nursing home staff receive support in such pandemics by being allowed, for example personal protective equipment breaks. Individually tailored programs need to be established to enhance wellbeing and decrease psychological stress and fear in such challenging times.
Communication strategies used by Parkinson's nurse specialists during healthcare interactions: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Pitts Emilie , Wylie Karen , Loftus Andrea M. , Cocks Naomi
Published: March 2022

Aim

To explore the range and use of communication strategies by Parkinson's nurse specialists, and describe key communication strategies, to support health professionals in their healthcare interactions with people with Parkinson's.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study.

Methods

Due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the study took place in an online setting. Online semi‐structured interviews were conducted with eight Australian Parkinson's nurse specialists and one UK Parkinson's nurse between August and October of 2020. Interviews explored healthcare communication, specifically (1) ways Parkinson's nurse specialists support communication during healthcare interactions, (2) factors influencing the use of communication strategies, and (3) how the nurses learned to communicate effectively with people with Parkinson's disease. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.

Results

Parkinson's nurse specialists described the importance of establishing strong therapeutic relationships, the key role of the communication partner, adapting communication to reduce cognitive load, ensuring two‐way understanding, and enabling expressive communication for people with Parkinson's. Knowing the person and family, knowing the disease and understanding the symptoms appeared to influence the choice of communication strategies in healthcare interactions. Learning through others, learning through experience and learning through education and research were considered important parts of becoming a skilled healthcare communicator when working with people with Parkinson's.

Conclusion

Knowledge and use of effective communication strategies to support people with Parkinson's is crucial for all health professionals working with this population, in order to reduce the occurrence of poor healthcare outcomes. A deep understanding of how Parkinson's disease affects communication and experience in implementing communication strategies were reported as contributing to the success of Parkinson's nurses in communicating with their patients.

Impact

This study provides a description of the key, translational communication strategies that can be used by all health professionals to support healthcare interactions with people with Parkinson's.
The mediating effect of self‐efficacy in the relationship between mental health and quality of life in patients with hypertensive nephrology
Authors: Lee Mei‐Chen , Chen Yen‐Yen , Tai Chun‐Yi , Wu Shu‐Fang Vivienne
Published: March 2022

Aims

To examine the factors associated with the quality of life and the mediating effect of self‐efficacy in the relationship between mental health and quality of life among patients with hypertensive nephrology.

Design

A cross‐sectional and correlational study using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist guidelines.

Methods

A total of 202 participants were collected from November 2019 to September 2020 from the outpatient department of nephrology of a regional teaching hospital in Taiwan using a convenience sampling method. The research tools included the World Health Organization‐5 Well‐Being Index, the Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Efficacy Instrument and the Medical Outcome Study Short Form‐12. The mediating effect was statistically analysed by linear regression models and verified by Sobel testing.

Results

Mental health and self‐efficacy were positively correlated with the overall quality of life. The results showed that the total explanatory variation of mental health and self‐efficacy on the overall quality of life was 37.1%. Mental health was the most important explanatory factor, which could explain 27.1% of the variations in the overall quality of life alone. Moreover, self‐efficacy was a partial mediator in the relationship between mental health and the quality of life among patients with hypertensive nephrology, with a total effect of 34.8%.

Conclusions

The quality of life of this population can be improved by enhancing mental health, leading to an improvement in self‐efficacy. Consequently, improved mental health and self‐efficacy will improve the overall quality of life.

Impact

Medical staff should be able to assess patients' mental health in providing referrals and assistance in a timely manner. If intervention programmes can be developed to improve patients' self‐efficacy, their quality of life can also be improved.
Occupational relationships and working duties of nursing management staff during theCOVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative analysis of survey responses
Authors: Schoberer Daniela , Reiter Lea , Thonhofer Nina , Hoedl Manuela
Published: March 2022

Aims

To reflect on the situation of nurse managers, examining their professional relationships and additional working duties during the second COVID‐19 wave.

Design

Cross‐sectional online survey with open questions.

Methods

Nurse managers from different healthcare institutions, for example, hospitals and nursing homes, were included. Data collection took place from November 2020 to March 2021. Open questions were analysed with qualitative content analysis.

Result

In total, 321 managers took part. With regard to professional relationships, four main themes were identified: cooperation, cohesion, communication and consequences. While cooperation and cohesion in the nursing and the interprofessional team were predominantly considered positive, communication was seen as challenging. Additional work duties arose in relation to fulfilling regulatory requirements, managing personnel and carrying out both organizational and informational tasks. Consequences of the pandemic were mentioned in two thematic categories (professional relations and additional work duties). Participants referred to a loss of image, a reduction in job satisfaction and mental stress.

Conclusion

The regulation of certain tasks by the central authority, such as the enrolment of employees to manage the use of personal protective equipment, would make the managers' duties simpler. This would enable them to direct their attention towards their teams and provide necessary support in other parts of their profession.

Impact

What problem did the study address?Nursing managers are important members of the nursing team and faced particular challenges during the pandemic. Nevertheless, their perspectives are rarely presented in research.

What were the main findings?Overall, communication was perceived as good, and cohesion was strengthened during the pandemic. However, heavy burdens were placed on nursing managers due to the numerous additional tasks.

On whom will the research have an impact?Facility managers and government representatives are called upon to provide supportive measures and clear information for nursing managers to relieve them from additional duties during the pandemic.
South Asian immigrants’ and their family carers’ beliefs, practices and experiences of childhood long‐term conditions: An integrative review
Authors: Sudarsan Indu , Hoare Karen , Sheridan Nicolette , Roberts Jennifer
Published: March 2022

Aim

The aim was to examine South Asian immigrants' beliefs, practices and experiences of childhood long‐term conditions.

Design

This was an integrative review.

Data sources

MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for primary peer‐reviewed articles published in English between January 2011 and April 2021.

Review methods

Articles were screened based on PRISMA guidelines. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Checklist for qualitative studies and the Joanna Brigg's Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for quantitative studies.

Results

Fourteen studies were included in the review. South Asian immigrant children and their family carers experienced cultural clashes as they attempted to incorporate their cultural beliefs about long‐term conditions into a more westernized biomedical approach. Families were overburdened by caregiving and struggled to find additional support for their children. The main findings were categorized into three themes: (1) cultural beliefs; (2) religious, spiritual and complementary and alternative medicine practices and (3) care and support of the child.

Conclusion

Health‐care providers should use a combination of culturally safe management strategies and a nuanced approach to educational initiatives on the biomedical aspects of various long‐term conditions to effectively engage South Asian immigrant families with health services.

Impact

The growth of South Asians worldwide along with the increased burden of long‐term conditions among South Asian immigrant children has implications for health service delivery. However, no reviews to date have explored South Asian immigrants' experience of childhood long‐term conditions. Incorporating South Asian immigrants' beliefs and practices into the plan of care promotes collaborative decision‐making that can lead to better treatment adherence, improved health outcomes and higher patient and family satisfaction. The findings encourage clinicians, researchers and policymakers to develop culturally safe child/family‐centred interventions to address the specific needs of South Asian immigrant children with long‐term conditions.
Dermoscopic spectrum of mycosis fungoides: a retrospective observational study by the International Dermoscopy Society
Authors: Errichetti E. , Apalla Z. , Geller S. , Sławińska M. , Kyrgidis A. , Kaminska‐Winciorek G. , Jurakic Toncic R. , Bobos M. , Rados J. , Ledic Drvar D. , Ceovic R. , Akay B. N. , Piccolo V. , Myskowski P. , Vitiello P. , Russo T. , Argenziano G. , Sokołowska‐Wojdyło M. , Sobjanek M. , Stojkovic‐Filipovic J. , Longo C. , Pellacani G. , Stinco G. , Lallas A.
Published: March 2022

Background

The dermoscopic features of classic patch stage mycosis fungoides (MF) have been described, but data on plaque and tumoral stage as well as rarer MF subtypes is limited.

Objective

To evaluate dermoscopic morphology and dermoscopic‐pathological correlations of classic MF stages and investigate dermoscopic features of MF variants.

Methods

Patients with histopathologically confirmed lesions of classic MF (patch, plaque and tumoral stage) or folliculotropic, erythrodermic and poikilodermatous MF were included. Standardized evaluation of dermoscopic pictures of the included MF variants and comparative analysis and dermoscopic‐pathological correlation assessment of different stages of classic MF were performed.

Results

A total of 118 instances were included (75 classic MF, 26 folliculotropic MF, 9 erythrodermic MF and 8 poikilodermatous MF). Linear/linear‐curved vessels and white scales in the skin furrows were significantly associated with patch‐stage MF, while clustered dotted vessels were related to plaque‐stage MF and peripheral linear vessels with branches, ulceration and red globules separated by white lines to tumour‐stage MF. Moreover, patchy white scales were significantly more common in patches and plaques compared to tumours, whereas focal bright white structureless areas were related to plaque and tumoral stage. Vessels histopathologically corresponded to dilated vascular structures in the dermis, orange structureless areas to either dermal hemosiderin (patch/plaque stage) or dense cellular infiltration (tumours), bright white lines/structureless areas to dermal fibrosis and ulceration to loss of epidermis. The main dermoscopic findings of folliculotropic MF were lack of hairs, dilated follicles and follicular plugs, while erythrodermic MF was mainly characterized by linear/dotted vessels, patchy white scales and focal orange structureless areas and poikilodermatous MF by focal white and brown structureless areas, white patchy scales and brown reticular lines.

Conclusion

Dermoscopy may allow a more precise characterization of classic MF and reveal clues suggestive of the main MF variants.
An updated review of cold shock and cold stress in fish
Authors: Reid Connor H. , Patrick Paul H. , Rytwinski Trina , Taylor Jessica J. , Willmore William G. , Reesor Bob , Cooke Steven J.
Published: March 2022

Temperature is critical in regulating virtually all biological functions in fish. Low temperature stress (cold shock/stress) is an often‐overlooked challenge that many fish face as a result of both natural events and anthropogenic activities. In this study, we present an updated review of the cold shock literature based on a comprehensive literature search, following an initial review on the subject by M.R. Donaldson and colleagues, published in a 2008 volume of this journal. We focus on how knowledge on cold shock and fish has evolved over the past decade, describing advances in the understanding of the generalized stress response in fish under cold stress, what metrics may be used to quantify cold stress and what knowledge gaps remain to be addressed in future research. We also describe the relevance of cold shock as it pertains to environmental managers, policymakers and industry professionals, including practical applications of cold shock. Although substantial progress has been made in addressing some of the knowledge gaps identified a decade ago, other topics (e.g., population‐level effects and interactions between primary, secondary and tertiary stress responses) have received little or no attention despite their significance to fish biology and thermal stress. Approaches using combinations of primary, secondary and tertiary stress responses are crucial as a research priority to better understand the mechanisms underlying cold shock responses, from short‐term physiological changes to individual‐ and population‐level effects, thereby providing researchers with better means of quantifying cold shock in laboratory and field settings.
Healthcare utilisation and unmet health needs in children with intellectual disability: a propensity score matching approach using longitudinal cohort data
Authors: Nicholson E. , Doherty E. , Guerin S. , Schreiber J. , Barrett M. , McAuliffe E.
Published: March 2022

Background

Health disparities for children with intellectual disabilities can be challenging to measure due to many other factors that can impact health and healthcare use. The aim of the current study was to use longitudinal cohort data to compare children with intellectual disability (ID) in Ireland between 2006 and 2014 on healthcare utilisation and unmet need, at ages 9 and 13, using a propensity score matching (PSM) approach.

Methods

Using data from the Growing up in Ireland study, PSM was used to identify an appropriate control sample to compare with a sample of children with ID (n = 124). Participants were matched on variables that are known to influence healthcare utilisation to reduce the impact of confounding variables between groups so that differences between the groups can be estimated. Logistic regression was used to estimate effects at ages 9 and 13.

Results

Children with ID were no more likely to have visited a general practitioner or emergency department in the past 12 months than children without ID. They did have a greater likelihood of visiting a doctor in a hospital in the past 12 months and of having an overnight stay in hospital by age 9. Primary caregivers of children with ID were more likely to report unmet health needs at ages 9 and 13.

Conclusions

This approach is a novel means of comparing healthcare use in this population by balancing the impact of other factors that may result in inequities, to which children with ID may be more vulnerable.
What the Caribbean Teaches Us: The Afterlives and New Lives of Coloniality
Authors: Thomas Deborah A.
Published: March 2022

If the Caribbean was (and remains) central to modern processes of extraction, labor organization, and racial hierarchy, and if it has also been a space of conceptual mining, then it is worth asking about the status of the Caribbean (in anthropology) today. As anthropologists continue to reorient the field away from “coloniality” (Wynter 2003) and toward something like “radical humanism” (Jobson 2020), what might research in the Caribbean teach us? In this essay, I will focus on recent work on sovereignty emerging from ethnographic research in the region in order to argue that focusing on the ephemeral, the performative, and the affective charts sovereignty as something that is constantly in process, something that emerges through dialogue and practice. In doing so, contemporary ethnographies raise questions about the afterlives, and new lives, of imperialism and slavery, and about the potential for reparation and repair.
Open‐source deep learning‐based air‐void detection algorithm for concrete microscopic images
Authors: Hilloulin B. , Bekrine I. , Schmitt E. , Loukili A.
Published: March 2022

Analysing concrete microscopic images is difficult because of its highly heterogeneous composition and the different scales involved. This article presents an open‐source deep learning‐based algorithm dedicated to air‐void detection in concrete microscopic images. The model, whose strategy is presented alongside concrete compositions information, is built using the Mask R‐CNN model. Model performances are then discussed and compared to the manual air‐void enhancement technique. Finally, the selected open‐source strategy is exposed. Overall, the model shows a good precision (mAP = 0.6452), and the predicted air void percentage agrees with experimental measurements highlighting the model's potential to assess concrete durability in the future.
Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors for imaging neuronal dynamics in vivo
Authors: Day‐Cooney Julian , Dalangin Rochelin , Zhong Haining , Mao Tianyi
Published: March 2022

The brain relies on many forms of dynamic activities in individual neurons, from synaptic transmission to electrical activity and intracellular signaling events. Monitoring these neuronal activities with high spatiotemporal resolution in the context of animal behavior is a necessary step to achieve a mechanistic understanding of brain function. With the rapid development and dissemination of highly optimized genetically encoded fluorescent sensors, a growing number of brain activities can now be visualized in vivo. To date, cellular calcium imaging, which has been largely used as a proxy for electrical activity, has become a mainstay in systems neuroscience. While challenges remain, voltage imaging of neural populations is now possible. In addition, it is becoming increasingly practical to image over half a dozen neurotransmitters, as well as certain intracellular signaling and metabolic activities. These new capabilities enable neuroscientists to test previously unattainable hypotheses and questions. This review summarizes recent progress in the development and delivery of genetically encoded fluorescent sensors, and highlights example applications in the context of in vivo imaging.

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Highlights of neuroanatomical discoveries of the mammalian gonadotropin‐releasing hormone system
Authors: Campbell Rebecca E. , Coolen Lique M. , Hoffman Gloria E. , Hrabovszky Erik
Published: March 2022

The anatomy and morphology of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons makes them both a joy and a challenge to investigate. They are a highly unique population of neurons given their developmental migration into the brain from the olfactory placode, their relatively small number, their largely scattered distribution within the rostral forebrain, and, in some species, their highly varied individual anatomical characteristics. These unique features have posed technological hurdles to overcome and promoted fertile ground for the establishment and use of creative approaches. Historical and more contemporary discoveries defining GnRH neuron anatomy remain critical in shaping and challenging our views of GnRH neuron function in the regulation of reproductive function. We begin this review with a historical overview of anatomical discoveries and developing methodologies that have shaped our understanding of the reproductive axis. We then highlight significant discoveries across specific groups of mammalian species to address some of the important comparative aspects of GnRH neuroanatomy. Lastly, we touch on unresolved questions and opportunities for future neuroanatomical research on this fascinating and important population of neurons.
Concept of reintervention with thorough lymphadenectomy after suboptimal resection of small‐intestine neuroendocrine neoplasms: A multicentre preliminary study
Authors: Deguelte Sophie , Hammoutene Cheryne , Poncet Gilles , Brunaud Laurent , Perrier Marine , Kianmanesh Reza , Cadiot Guillaume
Published: March 2022

Complete surgical resection is the only hope to cure small intestine neuroendocrine neoplasms (SiNENs). However, inadequate lymphadenectomy or entire small bowel palpation for multiple primary tumours renders at least 20% of resections suboptimal. This study was undertaken to investigate reintervention outcomes after initial suboptimal resections (ISORs), and agreement between residual tumour identification on interval imaging and during reintervention. This retrospective, multicentre study included all patients undergoing reintervention within 18 months post ISOR. Disease‐free survival (DFS) was defined as the time from reintervention resection date to recurrence or any‐cause of death. The kappa coefficient assessed agreement rates between suspected residual tumour on interval imaging and its presence at reintervention. A total of 21 patients underwent reintervention for nonmetastatic SiNENs (median follow‐up 2.3 [IQR 0.6–3.75] years). Residual tumour, suspected in 17/21 (81%) patients based on interval imaging, was found in 20/21 (95%) during reintervention. Interval imaging–intraoperative detection agreement was fair for residual primary tumours (kappa = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.05–0.62; p = .09) and residual lymph node metastases (kappa = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.28–0.62; p = .45). Reintervention achieved complete tumour clearance in 16/21 (76%) patients, among whom 5/16 (31%) developed liver metastases during follow‐up. Median DFS was 70.6 months (IQR 39.7–not reached). Reintervention post‐ISOR can obtain tumour clearance and prolonged remission. It should be systematically discussed after suspected ISOR, even when postoperative imaging does not find any residual tumour. To maximize detection of potentially resectable residual disease, imaging modalities after “curative” surgery should be redefined.
The right ventricle under pressure: Anatomy and imaging in sickness and health
Authors: Stubbs Harrison , MacLellan Alexander , Lua Stephanie , Dormand Helen , Church Colin
Published: March 2022

The right ventricle (RV) is an important structure which serves a multitude of vital physiological functions in health. For many years, the left ventricle has dominated the focus of understanding in both biology and pathophysiology and the RV was felt to be more of a passive structure which rarely had an effect on disease states. However, it is increasingly recognised that the RV is essential to the homoeostasis of normal physiology and disturbances in RV structure and function have a substantial effect on patient outcomes. Indeed, the prognosis of diseases of lung diseases affecting the pulmonary vasculature and left heart disease is intimately linked to the function of the right ventricle. This review sets out to describe the developmental and anatomical complexities of the right ventricle while exploring the modern techniques employed to image and understand its function from a clinical perspective.
‘It enables the carers to see the person first’: Qualitative evaluation of point‐of‐care digital management system in residential aged care
Authors: Bail Kasia , Gibson Diane , Hind Alicia , Strickland Karen , Paterson Catherine , Merrick Eamon , Gibson Jo , Kozlovskaia Maria , O’Dea Amy , Smith Bridget , Redley Bernice
Published: March 2022

Aims and objectives

To evaluate acceptability, efficiency, and quality of a new digital care management system in a residential aged care home (RACH).

Background

Improving care quality and efficiency in RACH, while simultaneously upgrading data management, is a priority for communities and governments.

Design

Participatory action research with mixed methods data collection was employed to evaluate a digital care management system implemented at a 169‐bed RACH. This paper reports qualitative findings of the 2‐year evaluation.

Methods

Qualitative data were collected using focus groups with residents, visitors, nurses, managers, care workers, and consultants; resident/visitor and staff hallway interviews and responses to open‐ended questions in online staff surveys. Data were analysed thematically under the four predetermined study objectives. Reporting adhered to COREQ guidelines.

Results

325 data captures from 88 participants, over seven data sources were coded. Findings indicate that the system was acceptable to both residents and staff due to perceptions of time‐saving and improved quality of care. Increased efficiency was perceived through timeliness as well as reduced time spent retrieving and documenting information. Quality of care was improved through care scheduling individualised to resident needs, with reminders to avoid missed care. Relatives were reassured and activities were scheduled to loved one's preferences. The co‐design implementation process was successful through commitment to quality from leadership teams and prioritising the focus on the holistic needs of the residents.

Conclusion

A strong emphasis on co‐design with care staff in developing and implementing the digital care system contributed to a system that supported nursing and care work, facilitated reporting and documentation, and improved resident care and well‐being including identification of missed care.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Nurses, carers, administrators, and advocates can support the co‐design creation of information systems that suit the workflow of an organisation and keep the focus on individualised models of care provision.
School Stock Inhaler Statutes and Regulations in the United States: A Systematic Review*
Authors: Lowe Ashley A. , Phan Hanna , Hall‐Lipsy Elizabeth , O'Shaughnessy Scott , Nash Bradley , Volerman Anna , Gerald Lynn B.
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Children with asthma should have immediate access to rescue medication. Yet, <15% of children have access to this life‐saving drug while at school.

METHODS

A search was conducted in the all states database of Westlaw to identify which the US states, territories, and the District of Columbia have a law for K‐12 schools. Terms searched included (inhaler or asthma/s medic!) and school and (prescription or order) from conception to December 2020. Demographic data from states with and without a policy were compared. All policies were examined for the following components: (1) type of law (statute or regulation); (2) type of school (charter, private/parochial or public); (3) training requirements; (4) devices; (5) prescriptive authority/safe harbor; (6) medication requirements; and (7) mandated documentation, reporting and funding.

RESULTS

Our systematic search revealed 15 locations with existing laws. States with a law had a higher percentage of children under 17‐years than states without a law (p = .02). Common components described were the applicability to various types of schools, training requirements for those empowered to administer, and civil liability protections for trained school personnel.

CONCLUSIONS

Existing stock inhaler laws differ vastly across the United States that may impact access to stock albuterol for children at their schools.
It Is Not Called Recess Anymore: Breaktime in Middle School
Authors: London Rebecca A.
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

School recess offers students a break from the rigors and immobility of academic learning, and a chance for social interaction, play, and physical activity. The recess literature is based on elementary schools, with little attention to older students. Early adolescents also need school breaks, and this study offers some of the first findings on how to organize this time to best support the developmental needs of middle schoolers.

METHODS

The study explores middle school breatktime in 3 schools in California. It uses observations, interviews, and a student survey conducted in 2018. Data were coded thematically and analyzed.

RESULTS

Findings indicate a tradeoff between socialization and physical activity among students who falls along age and gender lines. Adults viewed their roles mainly as safety monitors, including both physical and emotional safety. They were aware of the limitations of their breaktime offerings, which generally included access to outdoor and a few alternative indoor spaces, and attributed not having more options to lack of resources.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings demonstrate the complexities of organizing breaktime space for early adolescents. Middle schools must plan their breaks with attention to developmentally appropriate activities, including games and sports as well as opportunities for other kinds of social interactions in safe, supportive environments.