bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Metode K-Means Untuk Pengelompokkan Rekomendasi Tugas Akhir
Authors: Haviluddin Haviluddin , Patandianan Suryani Junita , Putra Gubtha Mahendra , Puspitasari Novianti , Pakpahan Herman Santoso
Published: June 2021

Tugas akhir (TA) merupakan salah satu syarat dalam penyelesaian jenjang pendidikan formal di suatu perguruan tinggi. Namun, kebanyakan mahasiswa mengalami kesulitan dalam menentukan area penelitian sehingga TA yang diambil kurang atau tidak sesuai dengan kemampuan mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merekomendasikan area penelitian TA bagi mahasiswa berdasarkan data nilai A, B dan C pada 10 Mata Kuliah Wajib (MKW) yang diperoleh selama 6 semester untuk angkatan 2015, 2016, 2017 dan 2018 pada mahasiswa Program Studi Informatika, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Mulawarman. Analisa pengelompokkan menggunakan metode K-Means. Berdasarkan percobaan, pengelompokkan area penelitian TA dilakukan dengan 3 cluster (C), yaitu C1 adalah sedikit, beranggotakan 1 MKW; C2 adalah sedang, beranggotakan 6 MKW; dan C3 adalah banyak, beranggotakan 3 MKW telah diperoleh. Pengujian akurasi cluster menggunakan metode Sum of Squared Errors (SSE) sebesar 0.6566 dan metode Silhouette Coefficient (SC) sebesar 5.8329 telah didapatkan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai MKW juga memiliki pengaruh dalam menentukan TA.
PERILAKU EKSPOR DAN PRODUKTIVITAS PADA USAHA MANUFAKTUR MIKRO DAN KECIL DI INDONESIA: PENDEKATAN MODEL LIMITED DEPENDENT
Authors: Kiswanto (Universitas Indonesia) Edi
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study examines the role of productivity in explaining Indonesian micro and small manufacturing firms' export behavior based on a firm-level dataset of micro and small manufacturing survey year 2015 (VIMK15) from Statistics Indonesia. By utilizing the Probit and Tobit model, this study analyses the role of the firm's productivity, which is proxied by labor productivity and output to cost ratio, on determining firms' export participation and intensity. The other factor related to productivity and firms' characteristic is also used as control variables. This study found that labor productivity and output to cost ratio positively and significantly determine export participation and intensity even though its marginal effect plays a minor role in the export behavior. Besides, as measured by CEO education and employment training, human capital contributes a major impact on encouraging firms to participate in the export market. Therefore, providing appropriate and reasonable employee training might support Indonesian micro and small manufacturing firms' development.
Applying Universal Design for Learning to Center for English as a Second Language
Authors:   Soran University, Kakamad Karwan Kakabra , Babakr Zana Hasan , Mohamedami Pakstan Faiq
Published: June 2021

This paper investigated the possibility of applying Universal Design for English Language Learning. Throughout the paper, both quantitative and qualitative methods were used for data collection. The students were first asked to critique the ESL program using a methodology created by Paulo Freire to ascertain how much freedom students have in creating their learning environments and establishing their own learning goals and objectives. The results showed that the majority of students rated the ESL program very low regarding their ability to influence the program's curriculum materials or learning outcomes. Moreover, the research shows that the majority of students did not believe they were adequately prepared for graduate-level studies in the University upon completion of the ESL program. As a result of these findings, several recommendations are made about creating more opportunities for individual students to use UDL principles to control their learning environments and establish their own learning goals and objectives.
Groundwater Problems Caused By Irrigation with Sewage Effluent
Authors: Lamma Osama Asanousi
Published: June 2021

Sewage effluent water is consistently used for the agricultural irrigation in rural and urban region farms. The spread of the potential infectious diseases is the major concern for farm workers and also for city inhabitant when they get exposed to these effluents. They also will affect those people consuming crops developed using effluent water irrigation system, particularly when the farm produce is consumed raw by people or otherwise, the farm yield is brought in that raw condition into the kitchen. Only way of preventing is by making adequate measures to disinfect the effluent. Moreover, the effluent water must meet all the conditions of usual irrigation water parameter needs such as trace elements, sodium adsorption ratio, salt content, and so on. Regrettably, no proper interest taken and awareness paid to curtail sewage irrigation long-term effects on principal groundwater.

The irrigation water is mostly applied during the dry climatic conditions that evaporates quickly. Whereas, the non-biodegradable chemical concentration of the drained water and deep-percolated water goes down to join the groundwater, which may remain at a higher level than the effluent water itself. There are various chemicals included in such effluent water, comprising of various salts, potential pesticide residues, nitrates, and they are usually expected in the farming and irrigated farming. However, the chemicals in the sewage, such as pharmaceuticals, organic, synthetic compounds, by-products of disinfection, and pharmaceutical active endocrine disruptor, chemicals, Fumic acids are mainly known to be the main disinfection precursor by-products. They are formed as soon as the drainage water joins the drinking-water, which gets chlorinated subsequently. Therefore, the groundwater right under the sewage-irrigated regions finally can become completely unfit for human consumption and drinking. The is the main issue that is raising questions of its accountability and burden, when the sewage
Consumption of Honey in Wa Municipality, Upper West Region Ghana
Authors: Pienaah Cornelius K.A. , Berewono Bruno , Dangana Mahama , Angkyelaa Joseph , Gandiibu Daniel , Gandiibu Daniel , Gandiibu Daniel , Gandiibu Daniel , Gandiibu Daniel , Gandiibu Daniel
Published: June 2021

Honey commonly referred to as ‘liquid gold’’ is a sweet, thick liquid natural food produced by honeybees through secretions of living plants that transform and combine with specific substances of their own, and leave it in the honey comb to ripen and mature. Honey is spoken of by all religious books, and accepted by all generations, traditions and civilizations, both ancient and modern as very medicinal and nutritious food. The paper explored the source, brand and packaging of honey sold, the quality features of honey consumers look out for during purchase, average consumption (daily, weekly, monthly, yearly) of honey, health and nutritional benefits of honey and the concerns consumers have about honey purchased for consumption.

A consumer survey in peri-urban and urban communities in Wa Municipality was carried out. A total number of 400 consumers were accidentally sampled and consented for the study after verifying consumer’s eligibility from a check list.

The study found out that, consumption of honey was common among urban and peri-urban dwellers thereby creates a business opportunity for producers, processors and vendors, Two major sources of honey were identified, wild and apiary honey. The brands identified were also the local and external honeys. Honey in the Municipality is packaged and sold in plastic/rubber bottle, recycled drinking water bottle and beer bottles for consumers. Honey consumers in the Wa municipality commonly use four quality characteristics (flavor, taste, color and thickness) in buying honey for use. They believe that these physical characteristics are all-inclusive in determining the quality of honey and stretches an upright conclusion of honey quality. The overall daily average quantity of honey consumed per person in Wa Municipality was calculated at 1.7 ml, weekly 11.9ml, monthly 47.6ml and yearly 571.2ml. In terms of access point of honey, consumers buy honey from processors, distributers and vendors. Majority of the consumers bu
Performance of Cucumber in Early Summer Season on walk-in Structure
Authors: Adhikari Robin , Adhikari Robin
Published: June 2021

The field experiment was conducted to know profitability of different cucumber variety at agriculture farm of Girija Prasad koirala college of Agriculture and Research centre (GPCAR) of Purbanchal University, Gothgaun from March to July 2020. The experiment was conducted in Randomized complete block design with Walk–in structure with three treatments (GS16, Bhaktapur Local and Cucumber green long) and five replications. Each treatment consists of two plants in a replication. Sex ratio was seen on first thirty flowers after sowing of seed. All fruit harvested was considered for research purpose. The research revealed that fruit yield was poor in Bhaktapur local, satisfactory in GS16 and Cucumber green long. The fruit yield was higher in Cucumber green long followed by GS16. There was no satisfactory fruit yield in Bhaktapur local. Hence, it is concluded that thermo sensitive variety of cucumber Bhaktapur Local is not profitable to grow in summer season in plain area of eastern Nepal. Growing of cucumber green long for pickling quality is beneficial although slicing quality is better seen in GS16. The research hints that cucumber green long is a profitable agriculture commodity for the research area.
Open(ing) Education: Theory and Practice
Authors: Bingley Matthew A.
Published: June 2021

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More than a Moment: Contextualizing the Past, Present, and Future of MOOCs
Authors: Campbell Matthew D.
Published: June 2021

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Religion and Film: Representation, Experience, Meaning
Authors: Charles Jeena
Published: June 2021

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Preparing the Next Generation of Teachers for 21st Century Education
Authors: Chen Wei-Jen
Published: June 2021

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Developing Faculty Mentoring Programs: A Comprehensive Handbook
Authors: Clingerman Forrest J.
Published: June 2021

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Student Culture and Identity in Higher Education
Authors: Daley-Bailey Katherine
Published: June 2021

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Preparing the Higher Education Space for Gen Z
Authors: Fehr Eric
Published: June 2021

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None of the Above: Nonreligious Identity in the US and Canada
Authors: Fleeson Nathan
Published: June 2021

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Dilemmas and Decisions
Authors: Gesualdi Nick
Published: June 2021

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Mid-Career Faculty: Trends, Barriers, and Possibilities
Authors: Ibbotson Steven C.
Published: June 2021

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Catalyzing the Field: Second-Person Approaches to Contemplative Learning and Inquiry
Authors: McGuire Beverley
Published: June 2021

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Success After Tenure: Supporting Mid-Career Faculty
Authors: McGuire Beverley
Published: June 2021

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Inequality, Innovation and Reform in Higher Education
Authors: McNary-Zak Bernadette
Published: June 2021

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Reach Everyone, Teach Everyone: Universal Design for Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Miller Jacobs Rachel
Published: June 2021

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The Teacher’s Role in the Changing Globalizing World: Resources and Challenges Related to the Professional Work of Teaching
Authors: Scott Daniel D.
Published: June 2021

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Partnership in Higher Education: Trends between African and European Institutions
Authors: Wilson Jim R.
Published: June 2021

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Making Learning-Centered Teaching Work: Practical Strategies for Implementation (2nd Edition)
Authors: Zimmer Mary Ann
Published: June 2021

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Locating US Theological Education In a Global Context: Conversations with American Higher Education
Authors: Scott Daniel D.
Published: June 2021

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After Whiteness: An Education in Belonging
Authors: White Andrea C.
Published: June 2021

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The Negotiated Self: Employing Reflexive Inquiry to Explore Teacher Identity
Authors: Fuller Leslie Cara
Published: June 2021

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Change Agent Church in Black Lives Matter Times: Urgency for Action
Authors: Roach Jonathan C.
Published: June 2021

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Teaching Sexuality and Religion in Higher Education: Embodied Learning, Trauma Sensitive Pedagogy, and Perspective Transformation
Authors: Moros Matilde K.
Published: June 2021

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Educational Politics for Social Justice
Authors: Flanagan Patrick
Published: June 2021

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pinturas de la iglesia de la Compañía de Jesús en Córdoba (Argentina)
Authors: Lovay Silvana M. , Page Carlos A.
Published: June 2021

Después de un siglo que los jesuitas llegaron a América, en el Colegio Máximo de la Provincia del Paraguay se comenzó a construir su actual iglesia. La ornamentación de la misma se llevó a cabo con todos los lineamientos que imponía el barroco. Con ello no se excluyó el importante tema de las pinturas, cuestión sensible a los jesuitas, quienes pretendían exaltar las virtudes de sus santos y misioneros a través de representaciones que colocaron en todas sus iglesias. En este trabajo reseñamos las vicisitudes e identificación de esta colección, compuesta por una decena de pinturas y medio centenar de retratos, analizando en profundidad dos obras emblemáticas y agregando como apéndice las obras consignadas en el inventario de 1767.
Müslüm Filmi Özelinde 2000 Sonrası Popüler Türk Sinemasında Aile içi Şiddet Olgusu
Authors: ŞENER Yeşim
Published: June 2021

Türk toplumsal yapısında, aile içi şiddet olgusu hemen her dönemde güncelliğini korumuştur. Bu bakımdan, ülkemizin en önemli sorunlarından biri olan aile içi şiddet olgusu, Türk sinemasına da yansımış ve Türk toplumsal yapısına dair derin izlere ışık tutmuştur. Dolayısıyla, Türk sinemasında aile içi şiddetin izlerini ararken, Türk toplumsal yapısında aile içi ilişkilere dair mesajların açığa çıkarılmasına da olanak sağlayabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, 2000 sonrası popüler Türk sinemasında aile içi şiddetin ne şekilde sunulduğunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, ölçüt örnekleme yöntemiyle, “aile içi şiddet” olgusu ekseninde çalışma kapsamına alınacak film belirlenmiştir. Bu çerçevede, gerçek ile kurgu arasında aile içi şiddetin trajedik bir şekilde sunulduğu Müslüm (2018) filmi, Greimas’çı göstergebilimsel yaklaşımla analiz edilmiştir. Bu analiz sonucunda, Türk sinemasında yer alan aile içi şiddet olgusunun temelinde etkili olan başlıca unsurlar: sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik nedenler, madde bağımlılığı ve ataerkil bir aile ideolojisinin olduğu görülmüştür. Bu durumda, Türk sinemasında Türk toplumsal yapısındaki en önemli sorunlar arasında yer alan; ataerkil aile ideolojisi, madde bağımlılığı ve aile içi şiddetin yeniden inşa edildiği ve dolayısıyla sistemin yeniden üretildiği anlaşılmaktadır.
İŞ SAĞLIĞI VE GÜVENLİĞİNDE BİR SOSYAL POLİTİKA ARACI OLARAK MESLEKİ REHABİLİTASYON: ÜLKELERE GÖRE İYİ UYGULAMALARIN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: BOZ ERAVCI Deniz
Published: June 2021

Sosyal politika, devlet tarafından toplumun tüm kesimlerinin sağlık, güvenlik, barınma, eğitim, sosyal güvenlik, istihdam gibi, refah seviyesini artırmaya yönelik yapılan tüm hizmetleri ifade eder. Refah seviyesini artırmaya yönelik uygulamalar pek çok çerçevede ele alınabilir. Çalışma hayatında sosyal politikanın uygulaması ve dolayısıyla refah seviyesini artırılması çalışanların istihdamının, sağlık ve güvenliğinin korunması ile gerçekleştirilebilir. Mesleki rehabilitasyon ülkemizde engellilerle sınırlı olarak dar kapsamda ele alınmakta ve yalnızca engellilerin istihdamını kolaylaştırıcı beceriler kazandırılmasına yönelik olarak uygulanmaktadır. Ancak mesleki rehabilitasyon geniş anlamı ile gelişmiş ülkelerde olduğu gibi, tüm çalışanlar için, iş kazası ve meslek hastalığı sonrası da çalışanların işe dönüşlerini hızlandıran prosedürleri ve uygulamaları kapsar. Ülkemizde mesleki rehabilitasyona ilişkin iş sağlığı ve güvenliği organizasyonu kapsamında ve işe dönüş planı temelinde herhangi bir uygulama mevcut değildir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, mesleki rehabilitasyon kavramının, iş sağlığı ve güvenliğinde bir sosyal politika aracı olarak ve gelişmiş ülkelerdeki iyi uygulamalar temelinde incelenmesi ve bu minvalde Ülkemiz çalışma hayatına yönelik öneriler getirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
hypothetical learning trajectory
Authors: Sohilait Emy
Published: June 2021

Konteks permainan kuli bia untuk menghasilkan lintasan belajar siswa pada materi KPK dan FPB
KETERLIBATAN ORANG TUA DALAM MENDIDIK ANAK PADA USIA DINI
Authors: Rahman Aulia
Published: June 2021

Guru merupakan ujung tombak dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan. Pendidikanmerupakan instrumen yang sangat penting bagi setiap bangsa untuk meningkatkan dayasaingnya dalam peraturan politik, ekonomi, hukum, budaya dan pertahanan pada tatakehidupan masyarakat dunia global dan hak itu, negara maju sekalipun selalu membangundunia pendidikannya tanpa henti-hentinya. Bahkan ada kecenderungan yang amat jelasbahwa negara maju semakin intensif melakukan investasi dalam dunia pendidikan, semakinmeningkat daya saing mereka. Hal ini terjadi karena peningkatan daya saing bangsamemerlukan kualitas sumber daya manusia yang prima. Terutama dalam memberikanmotivasi kepada siswa sehingga mampu meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan demimencerdarkan kehidupan bangsa. Peranan guru menjadi motif daya yang mendorongseseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu guru perlu menumbuhkan motivasi belajar pesertadidik untuk memperoleh hasil belajar yang optimal demi tercapainya suatu tujuan tertentu.
Empowering Peer Examination Technique in Assessing Students’ Speaking Skill
Authors: Kahfi Bagus
Published: June 2021

This paper portrays peer examination execution in showing talking aptitude in Senior High School understudies. The assessment was arranged as edifying examination in which the examiner filled in as a working observer. The investigation individuals in this assessment were the essential year understudies and a teacher who applied partner examination strategy in the senior optional school in Cilegon. The investigator applied a subsequent collaboration technique by seeing the homeroom using discernment sheet, and taking field notes to see the pattern of execution of companion assessment. In looking at the data, the expert used data decline, data show, and affirmation. The execution association of partner examination was showed up by the investigation lobby discernment in three phases; pre-execution of companion assessment, during peer examination, and post companion assessment. The expert moreover found that the productive execution of partner assessment was a consequence of the instructor's emphasis on offering score to the companions and raising the understudies' motivation to coordinate buddy examination, making them sure to play out the friend evaluation measure.
Predictors of the Level of Knowledge about Sexual Harassment and Assault among College Students: A Chi-Squared Automatic Interaction Detection Analysis
Authors: Esen Erol , Soylu Yağmur , Siyez Diğdem Müge
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine college students’ levels of knowledge about sexual harassment and assault, and to identify the predictors of this level of knowledge. Participants have been selected using a multi-stage sampling method and consist of 7,302 college students from a state college in Turkey. The age of participants ranged from 17 years to 29 years with a mean age of 21.33 years (SD = 2.04). The Sexual Harassment and Assault Knowledge Test, the Survey of College Students’ Exposure to Sexual Harassment and Assault, and a socio-demographic form were used to obtain data from the sample. The two-steps cluster analysis revealed that 70.2 % of the all participants had moderate level of knowledge about sexual harassment and assault, while 13.6 % had a low level of knowledge and 16.2 % had high level of knowledge. The CHAID analysis indicated that sex was the main predictor of level of knowledge about sexual harassment and assault. Also, exposure to sexual harassment or assault, dating experience, and having gender-equality education were found as other predictor variables. Finally, classification accuracy of the CHAID model was found 79.5 % within the sample.
Assessing Students’ Speaking Skill through Peer Assessment
Authors: Kahfi Bagus
Published: June 2021

This paper depicts peer assessment implementation in showing talking expertise in Senior High School understudies. The examination was sorted as enlightening investigation in which the analyst filled in as a functioning spectator. The exploration members in this examination were the primary year understudies and an instructor who applied companion appraisal procedure in the senior secondary school in Sukabumi. The analyst applied a resulting interaction strategy by noticing the homeroom utilizing perception sheet, and taking field notes to see the cycle of execution of friend evaluation. In examining the information, the specialist utilized information decrease, information show, and confirmation. The execution interaction of companion appraisal was appeared by the study hall perception in three stages; pre-execution of friend evaluation, during peer appraisal, and post friend evaluation. The specialist likewise tracked down that the fruitful execution of companion evaluation was a result of the educator's accentuation on offering score to the friends and raising the understudies' inspiration to direct companion appraisal, making them certain to play out the peer assessment measure.
Regional Hegemonic Power, Integration and Governance: An Appraisal of Post-Democratization South Africa
Authors: Mlambo Daniel N. , University Toyin Cotties Adetiba
Published: June 2021

This article addresses the question of what drives the character and orientation of South Africa’s foreign policy post the apartheid era. The shift from apartheid to democracy in 1994 brought with it a new paradigm shift in both South Africa’s domestic and foreign policy agenda. This was also driven by the need to redress the destabilization policies of the apartheid regime. The demise of apartheid in 1994 brought with it immense jubilation both continentally and abroad and South Africa was now for the first time in years reintegrated into the global economy. By undertaking this enquiry, the study attempts to draw a nuanced evaluation of South Africa’s foreign policy, particularly in Southern Africa since its transition to democracy in 1994.
Foreign aid, China’s aid and Africa’s Development: Interrogating the Dynamics
Authors: Tetteh Evans
Published: June 2021

The distinctiveness of aid to economic growth and development of developing countries has stirred up discussions over the years. The conventional arguments have sought to evince both optimistic and pessimistic views about aid to development in Africa while at the same time studies are copiously emerging around Chinese aid to Africa’s development within the broader China-Africa engagements. This article interrogates the dynamics surrounding the subject to examine foreign aid, China’s aid practice toward Africa and the possible implications for Africa’s development. Probing into the general perspective in literature and other primary sources, the study submits that China’s active aid practice has heightened the uncertainties around foreign aid to Africa’s development. Notwithstanding the verity of China’s aid policies and principles being germane to Africa’s development, the practical implementation maintains certain attributes that provoke divided thoughts. Hence, the requisite platform of action should be bolstered to consider both the Chinese interests and the African needs for a well-balanced development in the acclaimed South-South cooperation partnership.
PERAN PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DI ZAMAN SEKARANG
Authors: Taqwim Titis Muthiana
Published: June 2021

Peran perempuan dalam pembangunan terkadang diremehkan karenadianggap tidak layak dan tidak ada kuasa atas laki-laki.Perempuan dan laki-lakimemiliki kesetaraan, sehingga perempuan dan laki-laki mempunyai kesempatan,portal serta peluang yang sama sebagai sumber daya pembangunan,di dalammasyarakat. Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan agara adanya kesetaraan anataperempuan dan laki-laki. Upaya pemerintah untuk membangun kapasitas perempuandengan cara pemberdayaan, yang mengandung arti meningkat kapasitas kualitas danposisi perempuan di semua bidang pembanguan.
Mức độ sẵn sàng chi trả cho giáo dục đại học của sinh viên Việt Nam trong bối cảnh chia sẻ chi phí. RCISS-0621-05
Authors: Pham Oanh
Published: June 2021

Giáo dục đại học Việt Nam đang đứng trước những thách thức trong quá trình phát triển và thực hiện vai trò của mình. Một trong những vấn đề được thảo luận trong suốt quá trình đổi mới giáo dục đại học của Việt Nam là học phí. Học phí đại học tại Việt Nam hiện nay được xác định theo cơ chế chia sẻ chi phí đào tạo với sự tham gia của các thành phần trong xã hội. Tuy nhiên học phí trở thành yếu tố tranh cãi khi mức học phí hiện tại không đủ để chi trả chi phí mà các đơn vị giáo dục đại học bỏ ra trong quá trình đào tạo sinh viên.
Emergence in Biopharmaceuticals: The Role of Gedunin and Nimbin from Azadirachta indica as a potential cure for SARS CoV-2 and other viral diseases
Authors: kamath charunayan , J Archanna
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus 2 –SARS CoV- 2 has affected over 170 million people worldwide out of which 3.5 million have lost their lives so far. There is no effective remedy for this highly contagious disease to date. This study examines the effect of Gedunin and Nimbin, one of the constituents of Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica), especially as a possible prophylactic element and a remedy for Covid-19 using computational methods. Other main constituents of the neem leaves such as Azadirachtin and Nimbidin may also work as an active antiviral. This study was initiated by the insights gained from the traditional method of controlling respiratory ailments. We propose ‘Emergence’ as the property that dictates the need to use Gedunin and Nimbin along with the other bioactive components of neem leaves as adjuvants against coronaviruses and other viral diseases
The Impact of COVID-19 on Families’ Home Literacy Practices with Young Children
Authors: Read Kirsten , Gaffney Grace , Chen Ashley , Imran Amina
Published: June 2021

The practice of shared book reading is a nurturing support for early language, literacy and socio-emotional development within young children’s typical care. However, the closures of childcare, early education programs, and centers for family activities in the Spring of 2020 due to COVID-19 brought many sudden changes to the everyday lives of families with young children. In order to explore the impact of COVID-19 on shared reading, we surveyed parents of children between ages 2 and 5 (n = 85) about their children’s frequency of shared reading engagement in February and October, 2020 as well as the frequency of screen-mediated reading, the number of readers their children read with, and book preferences at both time points. Parents were also asked about changes in their children’s regular care and whether and how they had tried new kinds of (virtual) literacy activities during their increased time at home. Findings showed that there were no significant changes in frequency of shared reading from February to October, but there was a significant increase in frequency of screen-mediated reading, especially among families who lost outside-the-home childcare. There was also a significant decrease in the number of adults regularly reading with the children. Caregivers described adapting to virtual options for storytime. Ultimately, while families were still able to provide consistent amounts of shared reading with their children throughout COVID-19, the nature of that shared reading was changed. Future research will investigate whether these changes may have an impact on children’s typical learning from shared reading.
Approximate composition analysis and nutritive values of different varieties of edible seeds
Authors: Saad Salima S. , Elmabsout Ali Ateia , Alshukri Amal , El-Mani Souad , Al Mesmary Ebtihal , Alkuwafi Ibthal , Almabrouk Omaymah , Buhagar Salah Abdalla Mohamed
Published: June 2021

Background: The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) 2015-2020 supports that healthy eating patterns should include a variety of vegetables from all five of the following vegetable subgroups: dark green, red and orange, legumes, starchy, and others.
Aims and Objective: To determine the approximate composition and nutritive values of edible portions of different varieties of popular seeds and to identify the heavy metals contents of these seeds.
Materials and Methods: Five different seeds were collected from traditional supermarkets in Benghazi. Moisture and Ash contents in the samples were determined by A.O.A.C method. Total fat and the crude protein content in the seed sample were measured by using soxhlet extraction, and the Kjeldahl method of AOAC, respectively. The mineral content in seeds also determined by Atomic Absorption, spectrophotometer.
Result: Five different seeds (pumpkin, sunflower, watermelon seeds, corn and chickpea) were analyzed for determination their protein, fat, energy and moister contents. The highest and signifi cant protein contents found in sunflower seeds 27.5% (p=0.001) whilst the lowest content was observed in corn. The highest fat and carbohydrate contents found in sunflower seeds and in the corn, 50%; 50% (P= 0.014) and (72.4%) (P=0.0005) respectively. In compared to other seeds, the moisture contents of pumpkin seeds presented the highest amount with signifi cant values (p=0.0001). The energy contents of sunflower seeds were the predominant value 626.28 kcal/100 g followed by both pumpkin seeds and watermelon seeds 591.2 and 585.89 kcal/100g respectively. The ash content of pumpkin seeds was approximately 5.87%. Furthermore, Pumpkin seeds had higher amounts of potassium 871 mg/100g, and watermelon seed was the highest sources of calcium (86 mg/100g) than other seeds. Magnesium, Iron and copper signifi cantly found higher in sunflower seeds.
Conclusion: Overall seeds could be one of the good sources of food staple for macro and micronutrients, and may have health and economic benefi cial. Consumption of such seeds should be at recommended levels due to presences some quantities of lead and cadmium,which could have detrimental health effect.
Restarting endoscopy services in Pakistan, in the covid era: The way forward
Authors: Samejo Shoukat Ali , Kadir Shanil , Niaz Saad Khalid
Published: June 2021

Background: The emergence of SARS-COVID2 has completely reshaped the way we go about our daily business. Apart from other services, this has also impacted healthcare services and the way they are delivered. As endoscopy is an Aerosol generating procedure(AGP) with high risk of transmission, multiple endoscopy societies at the peak of the pandemic published guidelines on prioritizing of endoscopy services according to the urgency, highlighting the clinical indications which could be deferred until a more comprehensive plan is put out to safely perform endoscopy procedures or the infection rates drop down. 
Aims and Objectives: We give an example of how our unit in a low Human development Index country, worked through the peak of pandemic providing service to patients  in a safe manner which can be continued forward until the pandemic runs its course. 
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was performed at Dr. Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi. The ethical endorsement was taken from the Ethical Review Committee. Informed consent was secured in writing from each participant.Patients were assessed by a given screening questionnaire and COVID RT PCR of every patient was checked before endoscopy procedures, only those who tested negative were included in the study. Theendoscopy consultant, endoscopy trainee, anesthetist and the endoscopy staff along with the patients were reassessed for signs & symptoms of COVID-19 via a telephonic questionnaire, 2 weeks after the procedure. 
Results : Total 80 patients were assessed, out of which 60 were males. All the patients had negative COVID-19 PCR at the time of endoscopy. The procedures were performed under propofol sedation with full Personal protective equipment (PPE) both for the endoscopist and the staff in the room. The PPE included N95 masks, hairnet, Face visor, surgical gloves and disposable gowns. 2 weeks post procedure both the patients and the endoscopy staff were assessed via telephonic questionnaire for any signs & symptoms of COVID-19 or any positive COVID PCR since the time of endoscopy.
Conclusion: SARS-COVID 19 pandemic is far from over. There is a dire need to restart endoscopy services in a safe and effective way. Ideally full PPE and negative pressure rooms for AGP is the way forward considering that quite a few patients are asymptomatic carriers and the dismissal rate of COVID PCR pick up rate .In low socioeconomic countries these facilities are not readily available. Hence doing a COVID PCR prior to the procedure with adequate PPE can be used as a way forward in COVID era until the pandemic is over.
A Clinical Study of Obstetrical and Perinatal Outcome In Teenage Pregnancies In Central Referral Hospital (CRH), Gangtok
Authors: Aggarwal Ashita , Pradhan Anup
Published: June 2021

Background: Teenage pregnancy can be defined as pregnancy that occurs after menarche up to the age of 19 years. It is one of the important causes of maternal as well as neonatal morbidity and mortality. There is an increased incidence of preterm deliveries in teenage girls with its associated complications in newborn such as increased incidence of hyaline membrane disease in newborn baby, anaemia of prematurity, neonatal hypoglycaemia, hyperbilirubinemia and need for neonatal intensive care unit admissions.
Aims and Objectives: 1.To assess the quantum of problem of teenage pregnancy. 2. To ascertain the different risk factors associated with teenage pregnancy. 3. To evaluate outcome of pregnancy in teenage mothers. 4. Todetermine the extent and association of teenage pregnancy with poor obstetric outcome.
Materials and Methods: It was a hospital based prospective case control study. All teenage pregnant patients who were admitted during the study period were included in the study and a representative group of equal number of non-teenage pregnant women who were admitted during the study period were included in the study. For statistical purposes p value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Results: The most common single complication in teenage pregnancies was found to be preterm deliveries which was seen in 15 (12%) patients followed by fetal distress (10.40%) Pre-Eclampsia (6.40%) and PROM (4.80%). Amongst non-teenage pregnancies the common complications seen were fetal distress (17.60%), PROM (8.80%). The incidence of PPH was found to be high in teenage pregnancies as compared to non-teenage pregnancies. The comparison of the neonates on the basis of incidence of low birth weight (LBW) showed that more LBW babies were born to teenage mother as compared to non-teenage pregnancies and the difference was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Teenage pregnancy is associated with increased incidence of maternal as well as neonatal complications. In additions to maternal and neonatal complications it also has an immense impact on psychosocial consequences on teenage mothers.
Impact of training on different observers in forest inventory
Authors: Paudel P. , Beckschäfer P. , Kleinn C.
Published: June 2021

Observers with different experience levels are involved in the measurement of large number of sample plots during forest inventories, particularly in national forest inventories. However, limited information exist on the quality of data produced by different observers in forest inventory after certain levels of training. This study tries to evaluate the measurement error in forest inventory associated with observers' experience after initial and field-based training for measuring the most fundamental variables- DBH (cm), total tree height (m), and horizontal distance (m) together with bearing (azimuth) to tree from the plot-centre. On completing the second level of training, the mean of the differences in DBH measurement decreased for both the ‘experienced’ and ‘inexperienced’ groups. The mean of the differences in height measurement in the case of the experienced observers was very low as compared to the inexperienced ones. However, the mean of the differences in azimuth measurement showed that the experienced groups were overestimating by at least 1 degree. There was no trend in deviation of measurement for all four variables regardless of tree size. The decrease in the mean and error of differences in measurements after second training showed that field-based training with supervision and training on the use of instruments at laboratories were required for inexperienced surveyors whereas update in working and measurement procedure would be sufficient for the experienced ones.
Acute cold stress: a potential threat to Royle's pika (Ochotona roylii) survival at Central Himalayas of Nepal
Authors: Koju N. P. , Chalise M. K. , Kyes R. C.
Published: June 2021

Climate change and its threat to human life and biodiversity are under discussion as the major issue of this century. In this study, pika (Ochotona roylii) was taken as a model animal to study the effect of changing climatic parameters in the Central Himalayas of Nepal. The study was carried out for three consecutive years (2011−2013) in the Kyanjing Valley situated at 3900 m asl, Langtang National Park, Nepal. The study focused on the population density of pika, its lowest elevation distribution, and temperature patterns of the pika-burrows and their immediate surroundings. An iButtons Temperature Recorder was installed inside a pika-burrow for acquiring burrow temperature while the ambient temperature data were obtained from the nearby metrological station. The population density of pika decreased compared to those based on the previous studies. Over the last 25 years, there was a significant increase in the minimum temperature (R2 =0.77) that decreased the snow cover which might have reduced the insulation effect and colder winter to animals living inside the burrow. The temperature inside the burrow was recorded below −5°C for nearly 50% time during January alone and 25% time during total winter days. The environment with a temperature below −5°C could be a threat to the survival of pikas suffering from acute cold stress. Neither there was any record of heat stress (above 25°C) recorded nor there was an increasing trend of the ambient maximum temperature within the LNP during the study period. The lowest elevation of the pika's habitat was found to have shifted 200 m upwards over the last 46 years, indicating that the animals had either migrated upwards or facing extinction locally at lower elevations. However, this short-term study is not sufficient to reflect the effects of climate change on the population of pika in the Central Himalayas. Therefore, a long-term study is required to explore the relation between pikas and their vulnerability to the changing climate
Clinical, surgical and postoperative outcome analysis of tumors occupying both posterior and middle cranial fossa
Authors: Singh Rahul , Prasad Ravi Shankar , Singh Ramit Chandra , Singh Kulwant , Sahu Anurag
Published: June 2021

Objectives: To analyse clinical, surgical and postoperative outcome perspectives of tumors occupying both middle and posterior cranial fossa.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study includes 23 patients operated for tumors involving both middle and posterior cranial fossa in our department between August 2016 and August 2020. Each patient was evaluated for age, sex, co morbidities, tumour histopathology, clinical presentation, radiological characteristics, surgical and outcome characteristics. Unpaired t- test and chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The mean age was 46 years (range 40–57 years), with the majority of patients being female (56.5%). Most tumors (65.3%) were trigeminal schwannoma, with the remaining being vestibular schwannoma (21.7%), facial schwannoma (8.7%) and epidermoid (4.3%). The most commonly used surgical approach was the retrosigmoid approach (30.4%) and combined approach (30.4%).  Gross total resection (GTR) was done in 14 patients while subtotal resection (STR) was done in 9 patients. STR was significantly associated (p<0.05) with persisting cranial nerve deficit and tumour progression.  Midbrain compression, internal carotid artery and cavernous sinus involvement were significantly (p<0.05) associated with STR.

Conclusions: Trigeminal schwannoma is the most common tumour involving both middle and posterior cranial fossa. Combined approach for such tumours is required in tumours having significant size in both middle cranial fossa and posterior cranial fossa. The intent of surgery is to achieve a gross total resection (GTR) but adhesions and involvement of critical brain structures results in STR.
A Review of Trajectories for External Cranial Ventricular Access
Authors: Roka Yam Bahadur
Published: June 2021

In literature there are many access points that can be performed either as free hand, with navigation or with help of localizing devices. A thorough knowledge of these access points, their history, external landmarks, trajectories and indications will help to manage all cases requiring ventricular drainage. This article discusses only the points for external ventricular access for the ventricles highlighting with original diagrams where available, the different access sites. Kocher’s / Tillman’s / Neisser and Pollack, Von Bergman/ Kaufman’s, Tubbs’/ Navarro/ Wilson point, Bohl's, Sanchez’s points, Frazier’s, Dandy’s and Keen’s points are discussed along with original drawings where available.
Evaluating the anterior chamber depth and axis length in high myopia
Authors:   Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology, Nguyen Thi Thu Hien , Pham Thi Minh Chau ,   Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology
Published: June 2021

Objectives: to evaluate the anterior chamber depth (ACD), axis length (AL), and the relationships between ACD and AL in high myopia patients. Objects and methods: a descriptive study was conducted on 168 eyes (88 patients, ≥12 years old) diagnosed with high myopia (more than -6D). Results: the average myopia degree, ACD, and AL were -8.75±2.61D, 3.72±0.20 mm, and 27.33±1.49 mm, respectively. There was no statistical signification between ACD and myopia degree (r=0.044; p>0.05), strong correlation between AL and myopia degree (r=-0.762; p<0.001), and weak correlation between ACD and AL (r=0.165; p<0.05). Conclusion: myopia degree does not relate to ACD, but has a strong correlation to AL. Measuring the AL on high myopia patients is important for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
O USO DE CANDIDATURAS LARANJAS DENTRO DO CONTEXTO DO FINANCIAMENTO PÚBLICO DE CAMPANHAS NO ESTADO DO ACRE: um estudo de caso
Authors: Belo Caio de Alcantara Moura
Published: June 2021

Escândalos recentes como a operação Lava Jato revelaram que a corrupção no Brasil era muito mais sistêmica do que se imaginava. Percebeu-se que empresas com imenso poder econômico interferiam nas eleições em benefício próprio. A revelação dos fatos promoveu reconsiderações quanto á natureza do financiamento de campanhas políticas que culminou coma reforma política de 2015. Campanhas eleitorais que eram anteriormente financiadas por empresas, passaram a ser financiadas com recursos públicos. Paralelamente ganharam ímpeto políticas que asseguravam que pelo menos 30% de recursos públicos para financiamento de campanha seriam distribuídos a mulheres candidatas, que deveriam compor nessa mesma proporção mínima as candidaturas de cada legenda aos cargos proporcionais. Considerando que o crime é um fenômeno social que se adapta à realidade histórica, o artigo se vale do conhecimento produzido pela polícia com apuração de fatos inerentes às eleições 2018 no Acre para analisar a nova dinâmica da corrupção eleitoral após reforma política e definição de cotas de gênero, e o quão representativo pode ser o caso acreano perante o contexto nacional – tanto quanto ao uso de candidaturas laranjas dentro de estratégias partidárias quanto desvio de recursos públicos  que financiam campanhas.
NOVO TERRORISMO? Do fracasso da guerra ao terror à radicalização virtual
Authors: Chuy José Fernando Moraes
Published: June 2021

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o “novo terrorismo”, expressão que, de certa forma, acabou popularizada após o 11 de setembro, por meio de um planejado discurso político que justificou a “Guerra Global ao Terror” e que trouxe como marca a rejeição do terrorismo como crime. Buscar-se-á trazer à baila algumas consequências da priorização do recurso à força militar frente ao fenômeno, especialmente a formação de uma segunda geração de líderes terroristas por meio da radicalização virtual. What do you want to do ?New mailCopy
OS EFEITOS PARA USO POLICIAL DA VARIAÇÃO DA MASSA E VELOCIDADE DO PROJÉTIL NA ENERGIA CINÉTICA DA MUNIÇÃO E NO RECUO DA ARMA DE FOGO
Authors: Rotta Giovani Vilnei , Silveira Júnior José Antonio da
Published: June 2021

Trata-se de um estudo teórico utilizando a Física Clássica para identificar a influência da variação da massa do projétil na energia cinética da munição e no recuo da arma quando da realização de disparos pelo atirador, abordando a eficácia das munições para uso policial. Por fim, apresenta-se o comportamento inter-relacional entre as variáveis massa e velocidade do projétil com o recuo da arma e a energia cinética do projétil através das Leis de Newton. Tal estudo serve como subsídio aos responsáveis pelas instituições policiais na definição das especificações técnicas das munições a serem adquiridas a fim de otimizar a relação energia cinética da munição versus recuo da arma de forma a atender as diferentes compleições físicas e níveis de treinamento dos policiais.
ACESSO A DADOS TELEFÔNICOS EM INVESTIGAÇÕES DE REPRESSÃO AO CRIME ORGANIZADO: de cheque em branco a anteparo garantidor
Authors: Gomes da Silva Igor Isídio
Published: June 2021

Nas complexas investigações de repressão ao crime organizado da atualidade, o poder público tem se utilizado de diversos meios excepcionais de obtenção da prova, dentre eles o acesso aos registros de ligações telefônicas. Em procedimentos envolvendo interceptação telefônica, surge a necessidade de que os órgãos investigadores estejam autorizados a obter dados telefônicos de linhas ainda não conhecidas, recebendo tal autorização por meio de uma decisão judicial inespecífica, cujo amparo constitucional ainda se questiona. Aprofundando o debate sobre o acesso a dados telefônicos por decisão judicial inespecífica, adotou-se o método hipotético-dedutivo para verificar sua compatibilidade com o ordenamento jurídico pátrio. A análise do tema permitiu definir os critérios de proporcionalidade, delimitação e controle, cuja presença é imprescindível para a autorização da medida de acesso a dados telefônicos por decisão judicial inespecífica.
HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE RABBIT’S LIVER IN THE POST-PRODUCTIVE PERIOD OF ONTOGENESIS
Authors:   Orenburg State University, Manakov Alexander Mikhailovich , Zavaleeva Svetlana Mikhailovna ,   Orenburg State University
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of a study of age-related changes in the histological structures of the rabbit’s liver. It was found that in the process of aging there is an increase in the diameters of the central veins and vessels of the triads. Determined by a decrease in the number of hepatocytes and a decrease in their nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio.