bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hábitos alimentares regionais no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar: um estudo qualitativo em um município do sertão da Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Paiva Janaína Braga de , Freitas Maria do Carmo Soares de , Santos Lígia Amparo da Silva
Published: August 2012

OBJETIVO: O estudo, de abordagem qualitativa, buscou interpretar os significados do termo "hábitos alimentares regionais" e as acepções acerca do respeito a esses hábitos no âmbito do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar. MÉTODOS: A produção dos dados deu-se por meio da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com os atores envolvidos nesse programa em um município do sertão baiano. RESULTADOS: Os resultados e a discussão abordaram as acepções relacionadas a esses hábitos e as justificativas da importância de respeitá-los. Estas acepções expressaram-se de forma polissêmica, suscitando temáticas como tradições alimentares, alimentação saudável, racionalidade técnica e êmica, aceitabilidade da alimentação escolar e segurança alimentar e nutricional. CONCLUSÃO: Verificou-se carência de conceitos acerca do tema no âmbito científico-acadêmico e que está implícita na instância do programa uma correlação de forças que visam à conformação de novos hábitos alimentares sob a égide da alimentação saudável e a preservação do que se convenciona chamar de hábitos alimentares regionais.
Balanço energético em crianças e adolescentes com bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa
Authors: Paludo Juliana , Mocelin Helena Teresinha , Benedetti Franceliane Jobim , Mattiello Rita , Sarria Edgar Enrique , Mello Elza Daniel de , Fischer Gilberto Bueno
Published: August 2012

OBJETIVOS: Quantificar o gasto e estimar a ingestão energética de crianças e adolescentes com bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa e comparar com crianças e adolescentes hígidos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 72 crianças e adolescentes de 8 a 18 anos. Compararam-se dois grupos de 36 indivíduos - um com diagnóstico de bronquiolite obliterante e outro hígido -, os quais foram pareados pelo sexo, idade e classificação do índice de massa corporal. Para avaliação nutricional, utilizaram-se a antropometria e a composição corporal. O gasto energético foi medido pela calorimetria indireta; o fator atividade, pelo recordatório 24h de atividades físicas, e a ingestão energética, pelos inquéritos alimentares. RESULTADOS: O grupo com bronquiolite obliterante e o grupo-controle apresentaram respectivamente: índice de massa corporal de M=18,9, DP=4,0kg/m² e M=18,8, DP=3,4kg/m²; gasto energético de repouso de M=1717,6, DP=781,5 e M=2019,9, DP=819; gasto energético total de M=2677,5, DP=1514,0kcal/dia e M=3396,1, DP=1557,9kcal/dia; estimativa da ingestão energética de M=2294,1, DP=746,7kcal/dia e M=2116,5, DP=612,1kcal/dia. O gasto energético de repouso (p=0,102) e o gasto energético total (p=0,051) não foram diferentes entre os grupos, mesmo quando ajustados pela massa magra. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre o o gasto energético total e o consumo energético no grupo com bronquiolite obliterante (p=0,202). O grupo-controle consumiu menos calorias do que o previsto pelo gasto energético total (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O gasto energético de repouso e o gasto energético total foram semelhantes entre os grupos. A estimativa da ingestão energética dos hígidos foi menor que o gasto energético total. O grupo com bronquiolite obliterante apresentava um balanço energético adequado.
Excesso de peso e fatores associados em adolescentes
Authors: Farias Edson dos Santos , Santos Angelita Pereira dos , Farias-Júnior José Cazuza de , Ferreira Carlos Roberto Teixeira , Carvalho Wellington Roberto Gomes de , Gonçalves Ezequiel Moreira , Guerra-Júnior Gil
Published: August 2012

OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao excesso de peso em estudantes adolescentes em Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 741 adolescentes de escolas particulares de Rio Branco, Acre. Foram mensuradas as seguintes variáveis: sexo, idade, classe socioeconômica, escolaridade dos pais, número de moradores no domicílio, número de irmãos, atividade física, tempo de TV e de computador. A regressão logística binária foi utilizada para verficar as possíveis relações entre excesso de peso corporal e algus fatores associados. RESULTADOS: A prevalência geral de excesso de peso foi de 26,9% (30,0% nos meninos e 24,2% nas meninas): apenas o sexo (masculino, OR=1,34), a classe socioeconômica (média alta, OR=2,06 e alta, OR=2,36) e a atividade física (insuficientemente ativo, OR=2,75) apresentaram maior risco para desenvolver excesso de peso. CONCLUSÃO: Os estudantes adolescentes do sexo masculino, de classe socioeconômica elevada e que praticam pouca atividade física foram os que apresentaram maior risco de excesso de peso nessa região do Brasil.
Técnicas de pré-preparo de feijões em unidades produtoras de refeições das regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil
Authors: Fernandes Ana Carolina , Calvo Maria Cristina Marino , Proença Rossana Pacheco da Costa
Published: August 2012

OBJETIVO: Considerando a importância da alimentação fora de casa nos hábitos contemporâneos e o papel cultural e nutricional do feijão na alimentação brasileira, este estudo objetivou investigar as técnicas de pré-preparo de feijão utilizadas nas Unidades Produtoras de Refeições das regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foi elaborado um questionário, disponibilizado online. A amostra foi composta por nutricionistas responsáveis técnicos de Unidades Produtoras de Refeições e definida por saturação de tempo: o questionário esteve disponível na web por dezoito semanas. O questionário continha sistema de identificação por número do registro no respectivo órgão profissional fiscalizador de sua região, o que evitou duplas respostas e possibilitou a limitação por região do País. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva básica e teste de Qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: Registraram-se 445 respostas de nutricionistas responsáveis por 413.688 refeições diárias. Quarenta e nove por cento da amostra relataram realizar remolho do feijão. Não foi encontrada associação entre realização de remolho, tipo de feijão, número de refeições servidas ou localização geográfica da unidade produtora de refeições. Dentre as justificativas para realização de remolho do feijão, as questões operacionais sobressaíram-se às sensoriais, e, em 69% dessas Unidades Produtoras de Refeições, a água de remolho é descartada antes da cocção. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se que a realização de remolho do feijão parece ser determinada pela percepção do nutricionista sobre sua importância, o que pode ser um reflexo da escassez de discussões quanto à influência das técnicas de preparo na qualidade nutricional e sensorial desse alimento.
Benefits and risks of fish consumption for the human health
Authors: Fernandes Ana Carolina , Medeiros Caroline Opolski , Bernardo Greyce Luci , Ebone Michele Vieira , Di Pietro Patrícia Faria , Assis Maria Alice Altenburg de , Vasconcelos Francisco de Assis Guedes de
Published: August 2012

The article aimed at identifying and discussing scientific evidences on the benefits and risks of fish consumption the human health. There was a systematic survey for articles published from 2003 and May 2011, at the MedLine, Scopus, SciELO, Lilacs and Google Scholar databases. The key words used were: fish, food intake, omega-3 fatty acids, fatty fish, benefits, risk, and consumption. The search produced 12,632 articles, 25 eligible cohort studies on possible benefits, 61 on risks and 10 studies that assessed the "risk/benefit" relation. Of the 25 works, 14 suggested a preventive effect of fish consumption related to cardiovascular diseases, depression, cataract and some types of cancer. Evidences of a relation between exposure to mercury and an increase in the risk of neurological disorders, but not of cardiovascular diseases, were also found. Given the importance of fish consumption, its possible risks and the lack of Brazilian studies on the topic, it is important to conduct more longitudinal studies that assess both the benefits and risks of fish consumption for the human health. We also emphasize the need for policies to reduce exposure of fish and seafood to mercury and other contaminants.
Reproductive phenology of Miconia mirabilis (Melastomataceae) within three distinct physiognomies of Atlantic Forest, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Pessoa Michaele de Souza , Vleeschouwer Kristel Myriam De , Talora Daniela Custódio , Rocha Larissa , Amorim André Márcio Araújo
Published: August 2012

Although Miconia mirabilis is a very common species in disturbed forest areas and is known for providing food resources for the local fauna, little is known about its reproductive phenology and other ecological aspects. The present study compares intra- and inter-annual patterns in the reproductive phenophases of that species in three distinct physiognomies of Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Bahia based on semi-quantitative observations conducted over a period of three years. We searched for possiblerelationships with climatic variables, differences among sites and synchrony. Both the flowering and fruiting strategies of M. mirabilis were classified as annual extended in all three study sites. We found no significant differences among years. Despite low seasonality of the regional climate, intensities of the different phenophases were negatively correlated with day length and temperature. In general, inter- and intra-population synchrony for flowering and fruiting was high (between 0.65 and 0.78), except for inundated forest, probably due to the stress caused by flooding. Given that Miconia mirabilis has the potential to be an important food resource for the local fauna due to the large quantities of flowers and fruits produced and their almost year-round availability, and its capacity for occupying impoverished areas, the species may be considered in restoration programs as a potentially interesting species capable of attracting frugivores to disturbed areas.
A gap analysis of ornithological research in the brazilian state of Roraima
Authors: Santos Marcos Pérsio Dantas
Published: August 2012

This study analyzes the ornithological data available for the Brazilian state of Roraima, focusing on sampling gaps. All ornithological data collected in Roraima up to the present were collated with the aim of answering the following questions: (a) which sites have been well sampled? (b) Are there are any geographic gaps? (c) What is the current extent of the scientific knowledge of avian diversity in Roraima? (d); Which regions and vegetation types have been well-sampled, and which should be prioritized for future surveys? Ornithological data were obtained from a total of 82 localities, including the Maracá Ecological Station (442 species), Viruá National Park (420 species), Colônia do Apiaú (320 species), Mucajaí (267 species), and Pacaráima (212 species), which were the five sites with the highest species counts. Over the past 20 years, only two localities in Roraima have been added to the list of sites with reliable samples (at least 100 bird species recorded (study skins collected, tape recordings and undocumented field observations) , the Viruá National Park and Fazenda Paraense. Five regions of the state were identified as sampling gaps, and should be prioritized in future ornithological surveys: the northwest, on the border with Venezuela and the Brazilian state of Amazonas, the lower Rio Branco between the town of Caracaraí and the mouth of the river, the terra firme forests of the southeast, the savannas of the northeast, on the border with Guyana, and the northern highlands, including montane forest and tepuis.
Invasion of the dinoflagellate Ceratium furcoides (Levander) Langhans 1925 at tropical reservoir and its relation to environmental variables
Authors: Silva Lidiane Cristina da , Leone Isabela Carnielli , Santos-Wisniewski Maria José dos , Peret Alberto Carvalho , Rocha Odete
Published: August 2012

Dinoflagellates of the genus Ceratium are chiefly marine but there are rare occurrences in freshwater. In this study we analyze the invasion and progressive establishment of Ceratium furcoides, an exotic species, in the Furnas Reservoir. Samples were taken at 36 points in the reservoir, during the months of March, June, September and December, 2007. Measurements of some physical and chemical variables were simultaneously performed at each site. The occurrence of C. furcoides was registered at 20 sites, with densities varying between 0.57 and 28,564,913.0 ind.m-3. Blooms of this species were recorded in points which were classified as mesotrophic, coinciding with the places receiving high amounts of untreated domestic sewage. C. furcoides density was correlated with temperature, nutrients (nitrate and nitrite) and water electric conductivity. The highest density was recorded in June when temperature was low. The presence of Ceratium furcoides in the reservoir apparently has not yet affected the reservoir water quality or other plankton communities. However, if it becomes fully established it could perhaps become a problem in the reservoir or even to spread out to other reservoirs in Rio Grande basin.
A Survey of mid and large bodied mammals in Núcleo Caraguatatuba, Serra do Mar State Park, Brazil
Authors: Norris Darren , Ramírez José Moreira , Zacchi Carlos , Galetti Mauro
Published: August 2012

We applied complementary survey techniques to obtain a baseline species list of mid and large bodied mammals in Núcleo Caraguatatuba, Serra do Mar State park, Brazil. Between May and September 2011 we surveyed the community of mid and large bodied mammals using diurnal line transect census (212.4 km), camera-traps (223.2 camera-trap days) and track-stations (478 track-station days). A total of 18 species were recorded from 14 families in eight orders. We recorded the presence of seven species considered threatened in the State of São Paulo, including Primates (Brachyteles arachnoides), Artiodactyla (Mazama cf. americana and Tayassu pecari), Carnivora (Leopardus pardalis, Leopardus tigrinus and Puma concolor) and Perissodactyla (Tapirus terrestris). Based on extrapolated (First order jackknife) species richness estimates we predict that there are between 19 and 32 species of mid and large bodied mammals in the Núcleo. Our revised Mammal Priority Index ranked Núcleo Caraguatatuba as being of medium overall importance for the conservation of mid and large bodied mammals in the Atlantic Forest. Combined with the number and diversity of species recorded, our results demonstrate that this Núcleo is an important area for mammal conservation.
Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas
Authors: Miranda Anderson Luiz Silva , Lima Maria Lilian de Freitas , Sovierzoski Hilda Helena , Correia Monica Dorigo
Published: August 2012

Collections and inventories provide important and essential information for understanding the composition and distribution of biodiversity. This contribution presents an inventory of the species held in the Echinodermata collection in the Setor de Comunidades Bentônicas (LABMAR/ICBS), Universidade Federal de Alagoas. The collections were made over a period of more than 20 years, at several localities of coastal Alagoas. This collection now includes 16,201 catalogued individual specimens, with 50 species in the five extant classes Crinoidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea and Holothuroidea, based on 640 records; the class Ophiuroidea is best represented. The results of this inventory contribute significantly to knowledge of marine benthic diversity from the state of Alagoas, and the information presented here expands the data for Echinodermata from the northeastern coast of Brazil.
O gênero Vaucheria D.C. (Vaucheriaceae, Xanthophyceae) no sul do Brasil: aspectos taxonômicos e ecológicos
Authors: Tonetto Aurélio Fajar , Peres Cleto Kaveski , Branco Ciro Cesar Zanini
Published: August 2012

(O gênero Vaucheria D.C. [Vaucheriaceae, Xanthophyceae] no Sul do Brasil: aspectos taxonômicos e ecológicos). O levantamento taxonômico e ocorrência ambiental do gênero Vaucheria foram investigados em 105 riachos do sul do Brasil. As variáveis abióticas foram correlacionadas com a ocorrência das espécies. Três espécies foram identificadas de acordo com as características do gametângio: V. geminata (Vauch.) D.C., V. taylorii Blum e V. sessilis (Vauch.) D.C., este último sendo relatado pela primeira vez no Brasil. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que Vaucheria é influenciada pelas características ambientais, ocorrendo principalmente em pH neutro a levemente ácido, baixa turbidez, velocidade da correnteza lenta e em riachos parcialmente sombreados. Esta combinação de variáveis parece ser a mais favorável para o estabelecimento da população de Vaucheria em ambientes lóticos, independentemente do bioma.
Nest stolen: the first observation of nest predation by an invasive exotic marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) in an agricultural mosaic
Authors: Alexandrino Eduardo Roberto , Luz Daniela Tomasio Apolinario da , Maggiorini Erica Vanessa , Ferraz Katia Maria Paschoaletto Micchi de Barros
Published: August 2012

Invasive exotic species can negatively impact local biodiversity. We present here a report of a nest predation of an endemic bird species, variable oriole (Icterus pyrrhopterus) by the introduced black-tufted marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) in an agricultural landscape highly disturbed by human activities. Two nestlings were predated, by adults of the introduced marmoset during two alternate days. Antipredator behavior and vocal mimicry were observed in variable oriole, while copulation was observed in black-tufted marmoset during the predation. The use of mobbing against predators by I. pyrrhopterus was observed and it is described here by the first time. The potential impact of the introduced marmosets to local biodiversity is discussed.
First record of the fireworm Hermodice carunculata (Annelida, Polychaeta) preying on colonies of the fire coral Millepora alcicornis (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)
Authors: Pérez Carlos Daniel , Gomes Paula Braga
Published: August 2012

The polychaete Hermodice carunculata is a voracious predator of several benthic organisms and one of the preferential groups in its diet is that of the cnidarians. This note presents the first record of a fireworm preying on the calcified hydroid Millepora alcicornis. The fireworm engulfs the terminal branches of the fire coral and spends several minutes scraping the surface and removing the soft tissues. Despite this being one of the most common calcified hydroids of the Brazilian northern and northeastern regions (and home to a vast associated community), this kind of association had never been recorded. This discovery points to the need of studying such associations because the damage caused by this polychaete is irreversible and depending on the amount of predators might alter reefs' health or modify the components of the reef community.
Inestabilidad de la columna cervical subaxial por falla de la banda de tensión posterior: artrodesis contécnica de Magerl. informe preliminar de los resultados a corto plazo
Authors: Quiroz Javier , Laluf Alejandro , Sisi Tamara , Coombes Nicolas , Manzone Patricio
Published: August 2012

OBJETIVO: Analizar, retrospectivamente los resultados a corto plazo de las lesiones traumáticas inestables de la región subaxial, tratadas mediante fijación cervical por vía posterior con técnica de Magerl, utilizando sistema de barras y tornillos poliaxiales en las masas laterales. MÉTODOS: Se efectuó una revisión de pacientes con lesión traumática inestable cervical subaxial y afectación de la banda de tensión posterior (tipo B.1 de la AO), que hubieran sido operados con fijación posterior con barras y tornillos poliaxiales en las masas laterales, siguiendo la técnica de Magerl, utilizando criterios de selección anatómicos, diagnóstico-imagenológicos y éticos. Se valoraron, en el seguimiento, los resultados radiológicos, funcionales y neurológicos. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 9 pacientes (8 varones, 1 mujer), con edad promedio de 25 años (rango 21 - 34) y seguimiento promedio de 20 meses (rango 12 - 24). Tanto los resultados radiológicos, como los funcionales y los neurológicos, fueron excelentes en todos los casos, sin desviación en cifosis ni desplazamiento anteroposterior, y sin síntomas importantes en el seguimiento. Los dos casos tratados, con fijación de tres vértebras, presentaron cierta rigidez cervical esporádica. En ningún caso se extrajeron los implantes. CONCLUSIONES: Los beneficios obtenidos sugieren que es una técnica útil, segura, eficaz y versátil para las lesiones traumáticas inestables de la columna cervical baja, tipo B.1, inclusive aquellas multisegmentarias, especialmente en pacientes jóvenes.
Fijación espinopélvica en el adulto: criterios de selección
Authors: Rüdt Tomás , Zisuela Roberto Gustavo , Kahl Guillermo , Santi Maximiliano
Published: August 2012

OBJETIVO: mencionar nuestros criterios de selección para realizar fijación espinopélvica en patología degenerativa del adulto. MÉTODO: entre 2005 y 2008, analizamos 25 pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente con técnica de fijación espinopélvica con tornillos ilíacos. Criterios de selección: 1) Deformidades graves asociadas a desequilibrio espinopélvico. 2) Fusiones multiniveles asociadas a patología degenerativa del primer espacio móvil. 3) Cirugías de revisión: cifoescoliosis o espondilolistesis de alto grado. Se evaluaron edad, sexo, Score de Owestry preoperatorio y posoperatorio y complicaciones. RESULTADO: La edad fue de 55 a 75 años (promedio 67,8). Dos pacientes eran del (8%) de sexo masculino y 23 (92%), del femenino. Promedio de seguimiento: 2,5 años. Score de Owestry, promedio preoperatorio: 67,44% y posoperatorio: 9,76 %. Hubo tres complicaciones: infección aguda, pseudoartrosis y aflojamiento de tornillos ilíacos. CONCLUSIÓN: La fijación espinopélvica con tornillos ilíacos es una técnica sencilla que nos asegura un óptimo anclaje distal para la artrodesis lumbosacra en cirugías de revisión y deformidades complejas.
Valor predictivo de la estimulación eléctrica de los tornillos pediculares torácicos en la mal posición medial de los mismos en la instrumentación de cirugía de columna
Authors: García Pedro Cortés , Pérez Mario Herrera , Lorensu Pedro Pérez , Rodríguez Bernabé Déniz , Hernández Patricia Sánchez , Rodrigo Ángeles Ayala
Published: August 2012

OBJETIVO: Demostrar si la técnica de estimulación eléctrica permite la detección de la mal posición medial de los tornillos pediculares torácicos. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 421 tornillos torácicos. Tuvimos alertas a la estimulación en 25 (5,93%) de los casos. A todos los pacientes se les realizó radiografía posoperatoria demostrando 22 tornillos (5,2%) medializados. Realizamos TAC en 17 pacientes (37%), con ningún tornillo en posición 1 y 10 tornillos en posición 2 (8,5%). Se consideraron tornillos medializados los que tenían respuesta positiva a estimulación inferior a 6 mA. CONCLUSIONES: la estimulación eléctrica nos ha permitido reducir el riesgo de posición medial de los tornillos torácicos, minimizando además el uso de radiografía intraoperatoria.
Trabalho em equipe e reuniões multiprofissionais de saúde: uma construção à espera pelos sujeitos da mudança
Authors: Cardoso Cíntia Garcia , Hennington Élida Azevedo
Published: August 2012

Este artigo apresenta resultados parciais de pesquisa que visou a apreender como os trabalhadores vivenciam as relações interprofissionais no contexto das práticas de atenção à saúde em doenças infecciosas em setor de internação hospitalar de instituto de pesquisa. Enfoca o trabalho em equipe a partir da rotina dos profissionais que lá atuam e das reuniões multiprofissionais em saúde. O referencial teórico-metodológico articulou contribuições da ergologia de Schwartz com reflexões da Política Nacional de Humanização. A pesquisa qualitativa utilizou técnicas de observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas para a produção de dados. A análise do material empírico foi realizada com base no referencial da análise de conteúdo em sua vertente temática. Dentre os principais resultados, observou-se que os trabalhadores desejam encontrar uma forma efetiva de trabalhar em equipe que resulte numa atenção à saúde integral e humanizada, porém prevalece uma postura de espera pelo sujeito das mudanças. Isto demonstra a necessidade de se fomentar o protagonismo desses sujeitos, tornando visível a gestão que os trabalhadores da saúde fazem do seu próprio processo de trabalho, bem como aprimorar mecanismos de gestão participativa com a ampliação do grau de transversalização entre os sujeitos envolvidos no cuidado, numa perspectiva de gestão em que todos sejam corresponsáveis pelos rumos da atenção prestada.
Micropolítica do trabalho vivo em ato, ergologia e educação popular: proposição de um dispositivo de formação de trabalhadores da saúde
Authors: Sant'Anna Suze Rosa , Hennington Élida Azevedo
Published: August 2012

O presente artigo tem como objetivos discutir o trabalho em saúde e apresentar um dispositivo para a formação de trabalhadores sob a ótica do conceito ampliado de saúde, fundamentado em três principais referenciais teóricos: a démarche ergológica e seu dispositivo dinâmico a três polos de Yves Schwartz, a cartografia da micropolítica do trabalho vivo em ato de Emerson Elias Merhy e a educação popular em saúde, inspirada em Paulo Freire. Espera-se com este estudo contribuir para a reflexão e a construção de uma estratégia de formação para intensificar a inserção dos estudantes nos cenários de prática que enfatizem a construção compartilhada de conhecimentos e favoreçam especialmente a produção e efetivação de saberes e dos aspectos relacionais que compõem o núcleo tecnológico do cuidado em saúde.
Autoria e deontologia: mediação de princípios éticos e práticas de letramento na escrita acadêmica em um fórum virtual
Authors: Araújo Júlio César , Dieb Messias
Published: August 2012

Este artigo analisa a utilização de um fórum virtual como alternativa de interação entre professores, estudantes e bolsistas nas disciplinas Leitura e Produção de Textos Acadêmicos (LPTA) e Metodologia Científica, dos cursos de Letras e Pedagogia, respectivamente, da Universidade Federal do Ceará - UFC. A questão investigada é: Como a interação no fórum virtual pode alavancar a aprendizagem da escrita de textos acadêmicos e promover a construção de uma consciência deontológica inerente a essa atividade? Os resultados mostraram que, no ambiente virtual, os alunos discutiram suas dificuldades relativas à escrita acadêmica e se descobriram autores de artigos científicos e projetos de pesquisa, evitando a apropriação indevida de ideias alheias e estabelecendo relações cooperativas e respeitosas para com as dificuldades de escrita do outro. Assim, o fórum se mostrou bastante útil à exploração dos conteúdos de ambas as disciplinas, enriquecendo a interação respeitosa, os letramentos e a autoconfiança dos alunos.
Burnout syndrome and associated factors among health professionals of a public hospital
Authors: Ebling Márcia , Carlotto Mary Sandra
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of burnout syndrome (BS) dimensions and their relationship with sociodemographic data, working variables, psychosocial variables, job satisfaction, hardiness, self-efficacy, and common mental disorders among health professionals of a public hospital. METHOD: This cross-sectional study assessed 234 health professionals working at a public hospital in southern Brazil. Participants answered the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Hardiness Scale, The General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire, and a questionnaire specifically designed for the present study to assess sociodemographic and variables related to work. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: An association was identified between the three dimensions of BS and sociodemographic data, variables related to work, psychosocial variables, hardy personality traits, and common mental disorders. CONCLUSION: The study allowed to define a risk profile for BS, namely male, young, undergraduate workers, with a low income, who see a large number of patients per day, physicians, government employees, absence of commitment, control and challenge (hardy personality traits), low self-efficacy, job dissatisfaction, presence of common mental disorders, and intention to change career, institution, or position at current institution.
Non-medical use of methylphenidate: a review
Authors: Freese Luana , Signor Luciana , Machado Cassio , Ferigolo Maristela , Barros Helena Maria Tannhauser
Published: August 2012

INTRODUCTION: Methylphenidate is a psychostimulant medication used for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. However, it has also been used for non-medical purposes, e.g. to produce euphoria, to increase self-esteem, and to achieve the so-called neurocognitive enhancement, decreasing the feeling of tiredness and increasing focus and attention. OBJECTIVE: To describe, from theoretical and contextual points of view, the potential for abuse and non-medical use of methylphenidate. METHOD: The PubMed, SciELO and Cochrane databases were searched using the following keywords in Portuguese: metilfenidato, transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade, facilitadores dos processos cognitivos or agentes nootrópicos, and abuso de substâncias; and in English: methylphenidate, attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, cognitive enhancement or nootropic agents, and substance abuse. Studies published between 1990 and 2010 were selected for review. RESULTS: Non-medical use of methylphenidate is a relevant topic that raises important ethical and scientific questions in several areas, e.g. pharmacological and neurobiological characteristics, evidence of methylphenidate use, forms of non-medical use of methylphenidate, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic application of methylphenidate. According to the review, methylphenidate can generally influence performance as a result of its stimulatory effect. Notwithstanding, evidence does not support the conclusion that it can enhance cognitive performance. CONCLUSION: Health professionals need to acquire expert knowledge and inform patients and their families on the methylphenidate potential for abuse when used with non-medical purposes.
Osseous Void in the Posterior Mandible: An Unusual Complication During Implant Placement
Authors: Tsourounakis Ioannis , Palaiologou Angela A. , Hienz Stefan
Published: August 2012

Introduction: Dental implants are a very predictable treatment to restore missing teeth. However, various complications may occur during implant placement. Displacement of an implant is a rarely occurring complication.

Case Presentation: This case report describes the displacement of a dental implant in the corpus of the mandible during implant surgery. The management of such a complication is also discussed. After its displacement, the implant was retrieved and the bone was allowed to heal before a second implant placement was planned.

Conclusions: Dental implants are proven to be a safe and predictable treatment; however, certain complications are possible, but rare. Thorough treatment planning with the use of the appropriate imaging tools, as described in this report, can help reduce the incidence of complications.
A Case Report Using Regenerative Therapy for Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Schallhorn Robert G.
Published: August 2012

Introduction: Control of aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is considered to be less predictable than that of chronic periodontitis because of its complex etiology and possible esthetic complications. This case report uses combined regenerative techniques in conjunction with antimicrobial therapy to control and reverse the disease by regaining lost tissues and enhanced esthetics.

Case Presentation: This patient presented with advanced generalized AgP (GAgP) coupled with tooth splaying, adverse esthetics, and ulcerative colitis. After evaluation, additional diagnostic measures, and consultation with her gastroenterologist, an aggressive treatment plan was pursued to regenerate lost tissues, eliminate pathogens, and help her maintain oral health. Her response was favorable with elimination of the multiple osseous defects and esthetic improvement with elevated self‐esteem. The result was maintained for 12 years.

Conclusions: This case report presents the successful management of a 27‐year‐old female with GAgP. The treatment provided was evidence based, which included a combined regenerative approach in conjunction with both systemic antimicrobial and conventional therapies and subsequent maintenance care for 12 years. Of particular interest was the enhancement to prognosis effected through regeneration, which is in contrast to other approaches that strictly focus on arresting the disease and as such may lead to recession and diminished esthetics.
Effect of 980-nm diode laser–aided circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy on fluorosed root surfaces
Authors: Dhingra Kunaal , Vandana Kharidhi Laxman , Girish Polavaram Vasudeva , Cobb Charles
Published: August 2012

Objective:

To evaluate and compare the root surface morphological changes after 980-nm diode laser–aided circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy (CSF) on fluorosed and non-fluorosed teeth.

Materials and Methods:

The sample comprised 27 orthodontic patients (14 males and 13 females; mean age  =  17.3 years) with and without fluorosis, from whom 40 fluorosed and 40 non-fluorosed premolar teeth were extracted for orthodontic reasons. Conventional (control group) and laser-aided (experimental group) CSF was performed on fluorosed and non-fluorosed teeth indicated for orthodontic extraction, using a scalpel and a 980-nm diode laser at 2.5 W power, respectively. Subsequently, teeth were extracted, sectioned, and examined by scanning electron microscope to assess the ultrastructural changes.

Results:

There were differences in surface morphology among fluorosed and non-fluorosed roots in the control group. The root specimens of both fluorosed and non-fluorosed teeth irradiated by diode laser exhibited no evidence of smear layer, laser-induced pitting or cavitation, linear cuts/markings, carbonization of surface, and heat-induced surface cracking. However, a glazed or slightly melted appearance was observed in root specimens of fluorosed teeth after diode laser irradiation.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that the diode laser–aided CSF procedure is free from thermal hazard on non-fluorosed root surfaces but may provoke some thermal changes on fluorosed root surfaces.
Peculiarities of the Translation and Adaptation of the Concept of Nation in East-Central Europe
Authors: Neumann Victor
Published: August 2012

This article explores the controversial issue of concepts defining the East-Central European Romanian and Hungarian identities (nem, neam, popor, nép). It specifically focuses on the translation and adaptation of the German concept of nation by examining the inclusive or exclusive meanings this concept acquired in these two languages and political cultures during the first half of the nineteenth century.
HIV-1 Tat Binding to PCAF Bromodomain: Structural Determinants from Computational Methods
Authors: Quy Vo Cam , Pantano Sergio , Rossetti Giulia , Giacca Mauro , Carloni Paolo
Published: August 2012

The binding between the HIV-1 trans-activator of transcription (Tat) and p300/(CREB-binding protein)-associated factor (PCAF) bromodomain is a crucial step in the HIV-1 life cycle. However, the structure of the full length acetylated Tat bound to PCAF has not been yet determined experimentally. Acetylation of Tat residues can play a critical role in enhancing HIV-1 transcriptional activation. Here, we have combined a fully flexible protein-protein docking approach with molecular dynamics simulations to predict the structural determinants of the complex for the common HIV-1BRU variant. This model reproduces all the crucial contacts between the Tat peptide 46SYGR(AcK)KRRQRC56 and the PCAF bromodomain previously reported by NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, inclusion of the entire Tat protein results in additional contact points at the protein-protein interface. The model is consistent with the available experimental data reported and adds novel information to our previous structural predictions of the PCAF bromodomain in complex with the rare HIVZ2 variant, which was obtained with a less accurate computational method. This improved characterization of Tat.PCAF bromodomain binding may help in defining the structural determinants of other protein interactions involving lysine acetylation.
Superior MgH2 Kinetics with MgO Addition: A Tribological Effect
Authors: Ares-Fernández José-Ramón , Aguey-Zinsou Kondo-Francois
Published: August 2012

The kinetics of hydrogen absorption/desorption in magnesium can be improved without any catalysis assistance and MgO was found to be more effective than the best catalyst reported so far, i.e., Nb2O5. Herein, a quantitative analysis of the hydrogen kinetics in magnesium modified with MgO was performed in order to identify possible rate controlling mechanisms. While hydrogen absorption was found to be diffusion controlled as commonly reported, hydrogen desorption evolved from nucleation and growth to an interface controlled process depending on the desorption temperature. Comparison with the effect of Nb2O5 indicates that similar rate limiting steps occur regardless of the oxide additive. These findings are reconciled by considering the tribological effect of solid oxide additives, as a correlation between oxides electronegativity and improvement in hydrogen kinetics was found. Such a correlation clearly highlights the mechanical effect of solid oxides in facilitating the grinding and stabilisation of small magnesium particles for efficient and fast hydrogen kinetics.
New Biofuel Integrating Glycerol into Its Composition Through the Use of Covalent Immobilized Pig Pancreatic Lipase
Authors: Luna Diego , Posadillo Alejandro , Caballero Verónica , Verdugo Cristóbal , Bautista Felipa M. , Romero Antonio A. , Sancho Enrique D. , Luna Carlos , Calero Juan
Published: August 2012

By using 1,3-specific Pig Pancreatic lipase (EC 3.1.1.3 or PPL), covalently immobilized on AlPO4/Sepiolite support as biocatalyst, a new second-generation biodiesel was obtained in the transesterification reaction of sunflower oil with ethanol and other alcohols of low molecular weight. The resulting biofuel is composed of fatty acid ethyl esters and monoglycerides (FAEE/MG) blended in a molar relation 2/1. This novel product, which integrates glycerol as monoacylglycerols (MG) into the biofuel composition, has similar physicochemical properties compared to those of conventional biodiesel and also avoids the removal step of this by-product. The biocatalyst was found to be strongly fixed to the inorganic support (75%). Nevertheless, the efficiency of the immobilized enzyme was reduced to half (49.1%) compared to that of the free PPL. The immobilized enzyme showed a remarkable stability as well as a great reusability (more than 40 successive reuses) without a significant loss of its initial catalytic activity. Immobilized and free enzymes exhibited different reaction mechanisms, according to the different results in the Arrhenius parameters (Ln A and Ea). However, the use of supported PPL was found to be very suitable for the repetitive production of biofuel due to its facile recyclability from the reaction mixture.
Characterizing Frothers through Critical Coalescence Concentration (CCC)95-Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB) Relationship
Authors: Zhang Wei , Nesset Jan E. , Rao Ramachandra , Finch James A.
Published: August 2012

Frothers are surfactants commonly used to reduce bubble size in mineral flotation. This paper describes a methodology to characterize frothers by relating impact on bubble size reduction represented by CCC (critical coalescence concentration) to frother structure represented by HLB (hydrophile-lipophile balance). Thirty-six surfactants were tested from three frother families: Aliphatic Alcohols, Polypropylene Glycol Alkyl Ethers and Polypropylene Glycols, covering a range in alkyl groups (represented by n, the number of carbon atoms) and number of Propylene Oxide groups (represented by m). The Sauter mean size (D32) was derived from bubble size distribution measured in a 0.8 m3 mechanical flotation cell. The D32 vs. concentration data were fitted to a 3-parameter model to determine CCC95, the concentration giving 95% reduction in bubble size compared to water only. It was shown that each family exhibits a unique CCC95-HLB relationship dependent on n and m. Empirical models were developed to predict CCC95 either from HLB or directly from n and m. Commercial frothers of known family were shown to fit the relationships. Use of the model to predict D32 is illustrated.
Steroidal Compounds in Commercial Parenteral Lipid Emulsions
Authors: Xu Zhidong , Harvey Kevin A. , Pavlina Thomas , Dutot Guy , Hise Mary , Zaloga Gary P. , Siddiqui Rafat A.
Published: August 2012

Parenteral nutrition lipid emulsions made from various plant oils contain steroidal compounds, called phytosterols. During parenteral administration of lipid emulsions, phytosterols can reach levels in the blood that are many fold higher than during enteral administration. The elevated phytosterol levels have been associated with the development of liver dysfunction and the rare development of liver failure. There is limited information available in the literature related to phytosterol concentrations in lipid emulsions. The objective of the current study was to validate an assay for steroidal compounds found in lipid emulsions and to compare their concentrations in the most commonly used parenteral nutrition lipid emulsions: Liposyn® II, Liposyn® III, Lipofundin® MCT, Lipofundin® N, Structolipid®, Intralipid®, Ivelip® and ClinOleic®. Our data demonstrates that concentrations of the various steroidal compounds varied greatly between the eight lipid emulsions, with the olive oil-based lipid emulsion containing the lowest levels of phytosterols and cholesterol, and the highest concentration of squalene. The clinical impression of greater incidences of liver dysfunction with soybean versus MCT/LCT and olive/soy lipid emulsions may be reflective of the levels of phytosterols in these emulsions. This information may help guide future studies and clinical care of patients with lipid emulsion-associated liver dysfunction.
Levofloxacin-Proliposomes: Opportunities for Use in Lung Tuberculosis
Authors: Rojanarat Wipaporn , Nakpheng Titpawan , Thawithong Ekawat , Yanyium Niracha , Srichana Teerapol
Published: August 2012

Levofloxacin (LEV) is a relatively new-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic that has good activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The aims of this study were to develop and evaluate LEV-proliposomes in a dry powder aerosol form for pulmonary delivery. LEV-proliposomes containing LEV, soybean phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and porous mannitol were prepared by a spray drying technique. The physicochemical properties of LEV-proliposomes were determined using a cascade impactor, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The toxicity of proliposomes to respiratory-associated cell lines and its potential to provoke immunological responses from alveolar macrophages (AMs) were evaluated. Antimycobacterial activity using flow cytometry and an in vivo repeated dose toxicity test in rats were carried out. LEV-proliposomes were successfully prepared with mass median aerodynamic diameters of 4.15–4.44 μm and with fine particle fractions (aerosolized particles of less than 4.4 µm) of 13%–38% at 60 L/min. LEV-proliposomes were less toxic to respiratory-associated cells than LEV, and did not activate AMs to produce inflammatory mediators that included interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against M. bovis of LEV and LEV-proliposomes containing LEV 10% were 1 and 0.5 µg/mL, respectively. The efficacy of LEV-proliposomes against M. bovis was significantly higher than that of free LEV (p < 0.05). The efficacy of the LEV-proliposomes against M. tuberculosis was equal to that of the free LEV (MIC = 0.195 µg/mL). In a repeated dose toxicity study in rats, renal and liver toxicity was not observed. LEV-proliposomes should now be tested as an alternative formulation for delivering LEV to the lower airways.
Comparative Analysis of Four Models to Estimate Chlorophyll-a Concentration in Case-2 Waters Using MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Imagery
Authors: El-Alem Anas , Chokmani Karem , Laurion Isabelle , El-Adlouni Sallah E.
Published: August 2012

The occurrence and extent of intense harmful algal blooms (HABs) have increased in inland waters during recent decades. Standard monitor networks, based on infrequent sampling from a few fixed observation stations, are not providing enough information on the extent and intensity of the blooms. Remote sensing has great potential to provide the spatial and temporal coverage needed. Several sensors have been designed to study water properties (AVHRR, SeaBAM, and SeaWIFS), but most lack adequate spatial resolution for monitoring algal blooms in small and medium-sized lakes. Over the last decade, satellite data with 250-m spatial resolution have become available with MODIS. In the present study, three models inspired by published approaches (Kahru, Gitelson, and Floating Algae Index (FAI)) and a new approach named APPEL (APProach by ELimination) were adapted to the specific conditions of southern Quebec and used to estimate chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) using MODIS data. Calibration and validation were provided from in situ Chl-a measured in four lakes over 9 years (2000–2008) and concurrent MODIS imagery. MODIS bands 3 to 7, originally at 500-m spatial resolution, were downscaled to 250 m. The APPEL, FAI, and Kahru models yielded satisfactory results and enabled estimation of Chl-a for heavy blooming conditions (Chl-a > 50 mg∙m−3), with coefficients of determination reaching 0.95, 0.94, and 0.93, respectively. The model inspired from Gitelson did not provide good estimations compared to the others (R2 = 0.77). However, the performance of all models decreased when Chl-a was below 50 mg∙m−3.
Complete Scene Recovery and Terrain Classification in Textured Terrain Meshes
Authors: Song Wei , Cho Kyungeun , Um Kyhyun , Won Chee Sun , Sim Sungdae
Published: August 2012

Terrain classification allows a mobile robot to create an annotated map of its local environment from the three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) datasets collected by its array of sensors, including a GPS receiver, gyroscope, video camera, and range sensor. However, parts of objects that are outside the measurement range of the range sensor will not be detected. To overcome this problem, this paper describes an edge estimation method for complete scene recovery and complete terrain reconstruction. Here, the Gibbs-Markov random field is used to segment the ground from 2D videos and 3D point clouds. Further, a masking method is proposed to classify buildings and trees in a terrain mesh.