bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS TINGKAT HARAPAN DAN KINERJA PELAYANAN IJIN TRAYEK ANGKUTAN UMUM UNIT PELAKSANA TEKNIS PENGELOLAAN PRASARANA PERHUBUNGAN LLAJ JEMBER TAHUN 2021
Authors: Budiarti, MM Dra. Wiwik , Sutarmin Sutarmin
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan penilaian tingkat kepuasan masyarakat pengguna pelayanan ijin trayek angkutan umum, mendapatkan saran dan masukan serta rekomendasi dari masyarakat sebagai bahan rumusan evaluasi kinerja sekaligus peningkatan layanan secara keseluruhan pada masa mendatang di UPT  LLAJ Jember.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan menjelaskan secara sistematik, faktual dan akurat mengenai fakta dan karakteristik populasi. Analisis data serta pengolahan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik statistik, baik secara deskriptif maupun statistik analitik. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan dua variabel, yakni variabel yang mewakili tingkat kinerja Lembaga, dan variabel yang mewakili tingkat penilaian masyarakat pengguna jasa perijinan trayek (harapan). Serta langkah terakhir memberikan kesimpulan dan merumuskan Rekomendasi.

Pada Kuadran Attenntion : Pada kuadran ini membutuhkan perhatian karena masyarakat sebagai pengguna jasa layanan perijinan trayek angkutan umum belum memperoleh apa yang mereka harapkan sehingga masyarakat mempunyai harapan tinggi namun Kinerja lembaga masih dibawah rata-rata atau masyarakat belum merasa puas, yang terdapat pada Kuadran A adalah: Produk Spesifikasi Jenis Pelayanan, Indikator yang perlu mendapatkan Attention adalah Kesesuaian produk pelayanan antara yang tercantum dalam standar pelayanan dengan hasil yang diberikan; Sarana dan Prasarana : indikator yang perlu mendapatkan attention  adalah Kondisi dan Kualitas Sarana dan Prasarana. Harapan masyarakat  yang perlu ditingkatkan adalah CCTV, papan informasi, peningkatkan layanan informasi secara digital terkait informasi persyaratan pengurusan ijin trayek melalui layanan web dinas perhubungan UPT Jember, Alur pelayanan yang diterapkan saat pengajuan ijin trayek.

Waktu penelitian adalah Oktober – Desember 2021, periode adanya kebijakan pemerintah  PPKM level 4, level 3 dan level 2
ANALISIS DATA KUALITATIF: MANUAL ATAU DENGAN APLIKASI?
Authors: Rofiah Chusnul
Published: April 2022

Pesatnya perkembangan komputerisasi metode analisis data untuk penggunaan penyelidikan naturalistik dalam penelitian kualitatif, tujuan dari catatan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan manual dan komputerisasi teknik analisis data. Dengan berbagai macan pertimbangan kelebihan, kekurangan, dan umum dimiliki asumsi penggunaan aplikasi dan secara manual terus berlanjut karena kelangkaan literatur yang membahas keuntungan dan kelemahan kedua metode tersebut. Dan pada dasarnya peneliti dapat menganalis data tanpa menggunakan aplikasi, peneliti senior lebih bebas bekerja tanpa aplikasi. Kemajuan teknologi menyebabkan penelitian tergantung pada teknologi, aplikasi analisis data kualitatif hanya efektif menganalisis data deskriptif. Penggunaan aplikasi hanya efektif pada pendekatan post-positivistik, pada dasarnya analisis data kualitatif lebih efektif dilakukan oleh peneliti sendiri selama ia di lapangan dan saat ia menulis laporan penelitian, kekuatan utama  analisis data kualitatif adalah trianggulasi data dan trianggulasi hasil penelitian.

Aplikasi tidak dapat menganalisis data kualitatif, faktanya bahwa kita telah melihat perkembangan analisis data kualitatif dengan bantuan aplikasi seharusnya tidak mengejutkan mengingat perkembangan yang meluas dan aksesibilitas aplikasi untuk analisis kualitatif data tetap menjadi masalah yang diperdebatkan dan belum digunakan secara universal (R. M. Lee dan Fielding, 1991; Morison dan Moir, 1998). Aplikasi dalam menganalisis data kualitatif dan aturan yang tepat tidak kompatibel dengan sifat data kualitatif yang tidak terstruktur dan ambigu sehingga dapat mendistorsi atau melemahkan data atau melumpuhkan kreativitas (Becker, 1993; Kelle dan Bird, 1995; Richards, 1998). Sifat penelitian kualitatif apabila ditinjau dari volume dan kompleksitas data yang tidak terstruktur dan cara di mana temuan dan teori muncul dari data juga membuat paket perangkat lunak, dikembangkan untuk mengelola dan menganalisis data tersebut, sulit untuk diaplikasikan dan digunakan secara memadai. (Kelle dan Bird, 1995).
PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN KOTA/DESA 31 PROPINSI DI INDONESIA MELALUI PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI YANG DIBENTUK DARI PMDN DAN PEKERJA
Authors: Suprijati , SE, MM Jajuk , Ratna Damayanti Shanty
Published: April 2022

Latar belakang dari penelitian ini adalah karena Pertumbuhan yang tidak merata menyebabkan tingkat kemiskinan juga berbeda pada setiap daerah. Kemiskinan di setiap daerah di Indonesia sangat berbeda antara pulau jawa dan luar jawa. Dimana di jawa semua sarana dan prasarana sudah terpenuhi semua sehingga tingkat kemiskinan juga relatif lebih rendah dibanding di luar jawa yang masih serba terbatas untuk sarana dan prasarananya. Tujuan penelitian adalah meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi secara merata di masing- masing daerah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengunakan regresi berganda untuk panel data. Dari penelitian ini akan menghasilka luaran berupa model . Hasil Dari penelitian ini adalah PMDN berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Pekerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Pertumbuhan Ekonomi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kemiskinan kota. Pertumbuhan Ekonomi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kemiskinan desa
Studies on microencapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCIM 5306 and
evaluation of matrix material efficiency in pomegranate juice
Authors: Tonde A.B. , Bhoite A.A. , Gaikwad N.N.
Published: April 2022

The present study was conducted on the microencapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus
NCIM 5306 probiotic lactic acid bacteria. Sodium alginate, sodium alginate + 0.4%
chitosan, sodium alginate with 2% inulin, and sodium alginate with 2% inulin + 0.4%
chitosan coating were used as microencapsulated matrix material. The extrusion method
was used for the formation of various micro encapsulates. The probiotic pomegranate
juice was formulated using the obtained beads. The freshly prepared beads were first
subjected to viability assay and then inoculated in pasteurized pomegranate juice at 1%
quantity. The juice was stored at 4oC and further subjected to analysis for cell viability and
sensory analysis. Response for cell viability was found discrete in various types of beads.
The obtained results showed the use of 2% inulin as prebiotic in microencapsulation
results in the prolonged period survival of the L. acidophilus NCIM 5306 up to six weeks.
Technique engineering of tapping and shelter of coconut sap and its effect on the
quality of crystal coconut sugar
Authors: Mustaufik  , Sutiarso L. , Rahayu S. , Widodo K.H.
Published: April 2022

This study was aimed to examine the appropriate and effective techniques for tapping and
sheltering coconut sap to produce quality crystal coconut sugar products according to SNI
3743-2021 for palm sugar. The research was conducted using an experimental method
with a non-factorial randomized block design (RBD) of 14 different tapping and shelter
treatments. The physicochemical parameters of crystal coconut sugar that were observed
were moisture content, ash content, sucrose and reducing sugar content. The statistical
analysis of data using the ANOVA test (F test), DMRT α 5% test and the Effectiveness
Index Test. The results showed the five best methods for tapping and sheltering coconut
sap that could produce crystal coconut sugar products with quality levels of sucrose,
reducing sugar, moisture and ash content according to SNI 3743-2021, respectively are
methods VII, V, VIII, VI and I. Method VII was tapping in from the afternoon to night for
8 hrs (14.00 AM-22.00 PM), + 2% laru (natural preservative), without heating and shelter
duration or being processed directly into crystal coconut sugar. Method V was tapping in
the morning to noon for 8 hrs (06.00-14.00 AM), + 2% laru (natural preservative), without
heating shelter duration. Method VIII was tapping afternoon to night for 8 hrs (14.00 AM22.00 PM), + 2% laru (natural preservative), without heating, and shelter duration for 3
hrs. Method VI was tapping in the morning to noon for 8 hrs (06.00-14.00 AM), + 2% laru
(natural preservative), without heating and shelter duration for 3 hrs. Method I was
tapping in the morning to noon for 6 hrs (06.00-12.00 AM), without laru (natural
preservative), without heating and shelter duration or being processed directly into crystal
coconut sugar.
Physicochemical characterization and fatty acid profiles of fish oil from milkfish
(Chanos chanos F.)
Authors: Hidayah N. , Rohman A. , Mustafidah M. , Irnawati
Published: April 2022

Indonesian local fish including Milkfish (Chanos chanos) is a potential source of fish oil.
It is well known that fish oil contains polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) having health
benefits. The objective of this study was to perform physicochemical characterisation and
fatty acid profile of milkfish oil. This study used fish oil extracted from the head and flesh
of milkfish using wet rendering. All samples were extracted at low temperature with
pressing and are subjected to centrifugation. The result showed that milkfish flesh oil
(MFO) and milkfish head oil (MHO) revealed significantly different parameters (p<0.05)
in terms of physicochemical characteristics including acid value, peroxide value, iodine
value, and saponification value. The acid value, peroxide, iodine and saponification values
of MFO were 0.5 mg KOH/g, 6.8 meqO2/kg, 95.3 g I2/100 g and 183.9 mg KOH/g,
respectively. The values for MHO were 0.7 mg KOH/g, 8.7 meqO2/kg, 101.8 g I2/100 g,
and 200.7 mg KOH/g. The predominant fatty acids in MHO and MFO were palmitic, oleic
and linoleic. MFO and MHO are found suitable to be consumed for beneficial health
effects.
Development of Kaya Slice (coconut jam slice): evaluation of physicochemical,
sensory evaluation and macronutrients composition when cooperated with
gelatin
Authors: Ab. Rahim H. , Ahmad H. , Wahab N. , Ab. Rahim M.H.
Published: April 2022

Kaya Slice is a nutritious traditional breakfast-on-the-go that was innovated from the
traditional kaya. In this study, the traditional kaya was transformed into square shape
gelatin to make it a more convenient and ready-to-eat breakfast. A total of six
formulations were developed by using commercial and fresh coconut milk together with
different percentages of gelatin (2%, 4%, and 6%). This insight was investigated by
sensory evaluation using a 9-point hedonic and scoring test in descriptive data set. The
best formulation obtained from the evaluation of 35 panellists was then characterized in
terms of physicochemical properties (Texture Profile Analysis (firmness), Brix, Protein,
Fat, Fiber, and Calories). From the descriptive data, all formulations were accepted by the
panellist. Nevertheless, ANOVA analysis indicated that C2 (commercial coconut milk +
4% of gelatin) is the best formulation. In macronutrient analysis, Kaya Slice was found to
have good dietary fibre content (0.11 g/100 g), high-fat content (0.49 g/100 g), protein
content (0.32 g/100 g) compare to the commercial kaya (0.00 g/100 g), (1.00 g/100 g), and
(0.00 g/100 g) respectively. Low-calorie content in Kaya Slice with 45 % of °Brix value is
the minimal degree of Brix and the texture was softer (hardness) (significantly different
(p<0.05)) to commercially processed cheese slice as standard. Overall, Kaya Slice has a
great potential in becoming new emergent of traditional nutritious breakfast on the go.
Choux pastry made from fresh eggs: a comparative study between chicken and
duck eggs
Authors: Santoso D.I. , Soeryanto  , Romadhoni I.F. , Bahar A,
Published: April 2022

Chicken and duck eggs are the two most consumed types of poultry eggs. There are many
egg products, one of which is choux pastry. Choux pastry is usually made from chicken
eggs and is popular because of its tasty aroma and flavour. Duck eggs are used to replace
chicken eggs in choux pastry dough. The protein and lipid content of duck eggs is 20%
and 70% higher on average than chicken eggs, respectively. Also, the quality of duck
eggs, which included the Haugh unit (HU) score, albumen index, and yolk index, was
11%, 25%, and 20% higher, on average, than chicken eggs. Organoleptic tests conducted
on 600 people resulted in choux pastry made from duck eggs having better colour and
texture, respectively, with the criteria for enough dark brown colour and a firm texture.
However, duck eggs have a lower aroma and taste, respectively, with the attribute of less
butter aroma and non-savoury taste. The preference test showed that choux pastry made
from chicken eggs is better than choux pastry made from duck eggs.
Agentic Regulation as a Function of Religious Prescriptive Principles in the Hierarchical Moral Strivings
Authors:   , Gjo Nan
Published: April 2022

The Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) states that Sanctity/degradation has an evolutionary basis on the psychology of disgust, and is primarily intuitive. The Model of Moral Motives (MMM) posits that this Sanctity foundation is governed predominantly by proscriptive (avoidance-based) principles. Not much of research was done to examine the prescriptive (approach-based) aspect of moral sanctity/purity. The present research examines the role of agentic regulation, proposed as a central psychological process in religious goal strivings, in the construction of moral sanctity/purity. Two studies were conducted. A total of 469 participants from Myanmar communities were recruited. A quasi-experimental design, with three explicit primes randomly assigned to participants, was used to investigate the presence of this process in the first study. The second study explores three cultural domains (i.e., religiosity, sanctity/purity, and morality) using free-listing as a data collection technique. Some main effects of religious affiliation (i.e., Buddhism and Christianity) were observed. A similar pattern was observed in relation to religious internalization (i.e., identified and introjected religiosities). Results in the first study showed a few reliable effects with respect to the differences between Buddhists and Christians, and the relative differences between introjected and identified religiosities. A few reliable results from the first study, along with findings from the second study where some cultural items listed by respondents can be comprehensively explained by the integrative model proposed in the current research, contribute to the literature of the psychology of moral sanctity/purity and its relationship with religion from the approach-based agentic regulatory perspective.
Assessing Opportunities & Constraints for Baseball Promotion in Pakistan
Authors: Hamdani Syed Muhammad Zeeshan Haider , Yinghai Liu , Hamdani Syed Danish , Haider Syed Ghufran
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Baseball is one of the emerging games in Pakistan. Successful promotion of this game in Pakistan necessitates systematic and sustained good governance at the organizational level.  

Design/Methodology/Approach: The current study explores how Pakistan Federation Baseball (PFB) officials look at the opportunities and constraints of good baseball governance in Pakistan. The researcher conducted face-to-face, in-depth interviews with PFB officials for this purpose.

Findings: The findings reveal that lack of baseball playing fields, sponsorship, investment, and reliable constitution are the governance constraints at PFB. However, there are opportunities for PFB officials can get the benefit. Availability of talent for baseball, human resources, and possibilities of bringing baseball in public popularity in Pakistan are some of such opportunities.

Implications/Originality/Value: The study rounds off by explaining how PFB leadership can turn constraints into opportunities.
Religiosity and Entrepreneurial Intentions in Pakistan
Authors: John Romel , Mahmood Kashif , Rao Zia-ur-Rehman
Published: April 2022

Purpose: The primary objective of this study is to develop an inclusive model that represents the relationship between entrepreneurial intentions and religiosity.

Design/Methodology/Approach: This research was conducted using sample of 338 undergraduate business students from universities in Punjab, Pakistan. The method used for collecting data was through self-administered questionnaire survey which contained two sections related to demographic characteristics and constructs of religiosity and entrepreneurial intentions. Analysis on the data was done using PLS-SEM.

Findings: Contrary to the theory, the results revealed that entrepreneurial goal intention (EGI) is not influenced by social norms. However, EGI is positively influenced by extrinsic and intrinsic religiosity, perceived desirability, and opportunity for entrepreneurship, where extrinsic and intrinsic religiosity was found to have a mediating role between opportunity for entrepreneurship and EGI.

Implications/Originality/Value: Deeper understanding of how religiosity influences entrepreneurial intentions in different cultures, settings and situations could help in the further advancements of knowledge in this field of study. Religious leaders, policy makers, university administrators can utilize the results of this study to encourage entrepreneurship in the country.
Pelatihan Pelayanan Jasa Karyawan Di Wisata Lontar Sewu Desa Hendrosari Kec Menganti Kab Gresik
Authors: Rozaq Khoirur , Nugrohoseno Dwiarko , Witjaksono Andre Dwijanto , Budiono Budiono
Published: April 2022

Desa wisata merupakan salah satu sarana untuk pemberdayaan ekonomi lokal. Hal inilah yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Desa Hendrosari, Kecamatan Menganti, Kabupaten Gresik melalui BUMDes Lontar Sewu yang sedang meningkatkan pembangunan desa wisata sejak tahun 2020. Permasalahan yang masih menjadi perhatian pihak pengelola adalah SDM yang masih perlu terus ditingkatkan kemampuannya terutama dalam hal kualitas pelayanan. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan dalam bentuk pelatihan tentang kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan kepada karyawan Wisata Lontar Sewu. Pelatihan dilaksanakan selama dua hari pada tanggal 6-7 Oktober 2021 kepada 25 karyawan bagian frontline yang berhubungan langsung dengan para pelanggan. Hasil evaluasi pelaksanaan kegiatan yang terdiri dari: pre test, post test dan evaluasi tingkat keberhasilan dalam kegiatan pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan kegiatan PKM ini telah memberikan kemanfaatan bagi peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman para karyawan Wisata Lontar Sewu terkait dengan upaya perbaikan dalam pelayanan jasa di Wisata Lontar Sewu. Hal ini diindikasikan dari peningkatan yang signifikan skor nilai post test dibandingkan pre test, serta semua peserta pelatihan merasa puas dengan kegiatan PKM secara keseluruhan.
Kata Kunci: pelatihan, pelayanan, desa wisata
The Impact of a Debriefing Strategy in Online ESL Classrooms
Authors: Kandasamy Sasirekha , Hua Tan Kim , Sultan Fazal Mohamed Mohamed
Published: April 2022

This paper explores the impact of debriefing in online English as a second language (ESL) classrooms in an urban national primary school. Self-evaluation is essential to enhance teaching and learning. This paper pursues the impact of a debriefing strategy using an exit ticket to assist successful learning in online ESL classrooms. Fifty Year 5 students and eleven ESL teachers participated in this study. A mixed methods approach was implemented to investigate the impact of a debriefing strategy and to gauge teachers’ perceptions on debriefing in an online ESL classroom in the learning process. The students were divided equally into two groups. The group that had a debriefing session scored higher (mean = 19.64, min = 18, max = 20) than the control group (mean = 13.72, min = 9, max = 16), which did not have debriefing. The average test scores from the two groups were significantly different from each other. The teachers gave sufficient explanation related to their understanding on debriefing and its importance in the classroom. To understand teachers’ perceptions of debriefing as a tool in an online ESL classroom, data were generated from a semi-structured interview and analyzed by using chi-square analysis. The p-value was 0.0004226; therefore, there was a significant association or relationship between the answers in this interview. Debriefing proved to help the students with collaboration, reflective thinking, critical thinking, and ease of understanding. Teachers in schools should consider including a debriefing time in their lesson plans since this strategy has the potential of improving the efficacy of the teaching and learning process.
Teacher Unions, Schools and Success: Opportunities and Contradictions
Authors: Msila Vuyisile
Published: April 2022

Teacher unionisation is among the under-researched themes in South Africa. The few teacher union studies focus on the notoriety of teacher unions’ activities, especially the impact of teacher strikes. Studies frequently demonstrate how teacher unions disturb education with a tendency to make schools ungovernable. In fact, in many studies, results have shown that strong union activity undermines school effectiveness. Additionally, these studies people revealed how various role-players such as parents, communities and district officials have maintained that effective teacher unions are the missing link to successful leadership as well as meaningful teaching and learning. This case study examined the potentially positive role of unions in two historically black schools in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. In both schools the principals were active members of two of the most powerful teacher unions in South Africa. At the time of the study, one principal was an office bearer in the South African Democratic Teachers’ Union (SADTU) whilst the other was aligned with the National Professional Teachers’ Organisation of South Africa (NAPTOSA). The paradox in both schools was that, despite the strong unionism, the union and school management collaboration appeared to bolster learner success, teaching and school principals’ effectiveness. The conclusions demonstrate that strong teacher unions are pivotal in building self-fulfilled teachers, the management of diversity and high levels of learner achievement. Finally, the school leaders proved that, with meaningful cooperation among role-players including teacher unions, underperforming schools have the potential to thrive.
Instrument Measuring the Adaptability of University Students to Online Learning (SOLE) and Its Predicting Factors
Authors: Razak Ateerah Abdul , Shaari Azahah Abu Hassan , Mohamad Lukman Zawawi , Mohamed Amanina Abdul Razak , Noor Asma Lailee Mohd
Published: April 2022

Online learning has become a practical method in the teaching and learning process, especially during the unprecedented Covid-19 pandemic. Additionally, this situation has forced students to adapt to the new norms of the virtual learning environment. This study intends to validate the instrument used to measure the students’ adaptability to online learning (SOLE). A total of 316 students were selected using purposive sampling from several universities in Malaysia. The validity and reliability of SOLE were both evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. As a result of the findings, the instruments remained at 35 items across four constructs, namely physical, spiritual, and emotional as well as the students’ values. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the scales is above 0.85. The results reveal that overall student adaptability is at a high level across all constructs. It was also observed that there is a significant relation between emotional constructs and SOLE (t=4.726, p<0.000), physical constructs and SOLE (t=6.899, p<0.000), as well as between spiritual constructs and SOLE (t=9.461, p<0.000). Based on this finding, the SOLE instrument has proven to be a suitable instrument measurement to assist students in the context of adjusting to an online learning condition, even though further research is necessary to be carried out on a more diverse population.
Relationship between Spirituality, Nature Connectedness, and Burnout of Schoolteachers during Online Classes amid Covid-19 Pandemic: The Moderating Role of Gender
Authors: Mohamed Tengku Farhanan Bt Tengku , Roslan Samsilah , Zaremohzzabieh Zeinab , Ahrari Seyedali
Published: April 2022

The substantial changes in the workplace caused by the Covid-19 pandemic restrictions have contributed to teacher burnout. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the relationships between spirituality, connectedness to nature, and burnout in schoolteachers, as well as to investigate the mediating part of spirituality in the relationship between connectedness to nature and burnout, and the moderating role of gender. This study was conducted using a quantitative method, with a sample size of 123 schoolteachers in Malaysia. Data analysis using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) revealed that schoolteachers who had a strong connection to nature were less likely to experience burnout. Spirituality acted as a buffer in the relationship between connection to nature and burnout. The results also differed according to gender for the nature connectedness-burnout relationship. Going forward, the findings of this study offer practitioners better insights about the importance of selected factors, including nature concreteness and spirituality as a promising avenue for reducing burnout among schoolteachers during online classes amid the Covid-19 pandemic.
Microencapsulation of Lysiphyllum strychnifolium extract using pectin as a carrier matrix and its characterization
Authors: Goli Arman Syah , Leanpolchareanchai Jiraporn , Chewchinda Savita , Yahuafai Jantana , Nontakham Jannarin , Sato Hitoshi , Sato Vilasinee Hirunpanich
Published: April 2022

Lysiphyllum strychnifolium (Craib) A. Schmitz (LS, Fabaceae) is one of the folklore medicines in Thailand. The previous studies have demonstrated several pharmacological activities and high polyphenolic substances possessed by this plant. However, the suitable encapsulation of LS extract has not been discovered. This study aimed to develop LS microcapsules using spray-drying technique with pectin as a carrier. Moreover, the powder analysis and characterization were also conducted. The effects of inlet temperatures (80, 100, and 120°C) and carrier concentrations (1, 5, and 10 %w/v) on the encapsulation yield (EY), encapsulation efficiency (EE), total phenolic content (TPC), and main markers (trilobatin and yanangdaengin) of LS microcapsules were studied. Finally, the characterization was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained results indicated that S2 microcapsule formulation, pectin to extract ratio 10:1 (w/w) at inlet temperature of 100°C, was chosen as the optimal condition because of the positive tendency to acquire higher EE as pectin level was increased. On the contrary, the level of TPC and markers was reduced due to the more addition of pectin. The FTIR, XRD, and DSC results suggested that the well-encapsulated microcapsules were obtained for S2 formulation and SEM represented the semi-spherical structure of its microstructures. The development of LS microcapsules with the proximity to gain the advantageous powder analysis and characteristic has been achieved. Therefore, this approach could be used for the subsequent manufacturing of LS extract.
Farklı Yapıdaki Kumaşlara Antimikrobiyal Apre Uygulaması ve Etkinliklerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: SİPAHİ Nisa , AKBULUT Ekrem , SARAÇ Aysun , ZENGİN Tuğba
Published: April 2022

Hastalıklardan korunmada tekstil ürünlerin büyük rolü bulunmaktadır. Tekstil materyaller günlük hayatın birçok yerinde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Özellikle son iki yıldır yaşanan covid-19 pandemisi tekstilin önemine daha da dikkat çekmiştir. Bununla birlikte “tekstil bizi salgınlardan koruyabilir mi?” sorusunu da gündeme getirmiştir. Bakterilerle dolu bir çevremiz olması, virüslerin bakterilere tutunarak saçılması ve nozokomiyal hastalıkların son yıllarda artış göstermesi, antimikrobiyal tekstil üretimine gereksinim olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Bu çalışmada farklı yapıdaki kumaşlara gümüş ve kuarterner amonyum tuz (QAS) apre uygulanması ve antimikrobiyal etkinliklerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Kumaşlardan birisi %100 pamuk liflerden diğeri ise %100 poliester liflerden dokunmuştur. Uygulanan antimikrobiyal bitim işlemleri sonrası etkinlikleri AATCC 100 test metoduna göre belirlenmiştir. Kontrol olarak apre uygulanmamış kumaşlar aynı teste tabi tutulmuştur; ancak herhangi bir mikrobiyal inhibisyona rastlanmamıştır. Buna göre tüm gümüş apreli pamuk kumaşlarda etkinin diğerlerine oranla daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek inhibisyon oranı %99,03 ±0,49 olarak gümüş apreli pamuk kumaşta tespit edilmiştir. En düşük inhibisyon oranı ise QAS apreli poliester kumaşta %59,43 ±1,87 olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca kumaşların gram pozitif bakterilere karşı daha etkin olduğu görülmüştür. Aynı zamanda uygulanan apre işleminin kumaşlarda renk değişimi, pilling (boncuklanma) ve hidrofiliteye neden olup olmadığı da test edilmiş ve herhangi bir etki olmadığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada farklı yapıdaki kumaşlara uygulanan antimikrobiyal bitim işlemlerinin yüksek etkinlik gösterdiği görülmüştür. Çeşitli enfeksiyon hastalıklarındaki eradikasyon çalışmalarında, günümüz pandemisi ve hastane enfeksiyonları ile mücadelede antimikrobiyal tekstil sektörünün oldukça büyük bir yere sahip olduğu ve geliştirilmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
The Effect of Bentonite (BNTN) Nanoclays with Multiple Weight Proportions on the Mechanical Properties of Polyacrylamide (PAM) Composites
Authors: Hilal Raghad Hamid
Published: April 2022

The research includes studying the mechanical properties of BNTN/PAM nanocomposites under static and dynamic conditions. The BNTN/PAM nanocomposites were prepared with different weight fractions (0, 20%, 40%, 50% and 60%) by utilizing ball milling technique. Tensile strength, Charpy impact and Shore A hardness were performed to verify any improvements in these mechanical properties of nanocomposites. The results showed significant improvements in tensile, Charpy impact, Shore A hardness properties of nanocomposites at 50% weight fraction by approximately 335%, 1422%, 63% respectively. These results started decreasing after addition of 60% of nanoclays content to PAM composites. This mechanism indicates that the percentage of weight content of BNTN could affect the mechanical properties of nanocomposites.
Single Bubble Breakage in Oil Under Stirring Conditions
Authors: Hasan Basim Obaid
Published: April 2022

An experimental study on single bubble breakage in the stirred tank in oil as a continuous phase was carried out for a range of stirring speeds (220 to 430 rpm). The results are compared with bubble breakage in water that was conducted by Hasan et al. (2021) to investigate the effect of physical properties of continuous phase on the breakage rate. The breakage events in the impeller were captured and analyzed using a high speed camera. It was found that the breakage rate represented by breakage probability and a number of produced daughter bubbles (fragments) are directly proportional with the stirring speed. The breakage probability and number of produced daughter bubbles in oil was noticeably lower than that in water indicating the role the continuous phase viscosity plays in reducing the breakage rate.
Improvement of Eye Tracking Based on Deep Learning Model for General Purpose Applications
Authors: Almindelawy Ahmed Aamer , Ali Mohammed H.
Published: April 2022

The interest in the Eye-tracking technology field dramatically grew up in the last two decades for different purposes and applications like keeping the focus of where the person is looking, how his pupils and irises are reacting for a variety of actions, etc. The resulted data can deliver an extraordinary amount of information about the user when it's interlocked through advanced data analysis systems, it may show information concerned with the user’s age, gender, biometric identity, interests, etc. This paper is concerned about eye motion tracking as an unadulterated tool for different applications in any field required. The improvements in this area of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) with eye-tracking techniques allow large opportunities to develop algorithms and applications. In this paper number of models were proposed based on Convolutional neural network (CNN) have been designed, and then the most powerful and accurate model was chosen. The dataset used for the training process (for 16 screen points) consists of 2800 training images and 800 test images (with an average of 175 training images and 50 test images for each spot on the screen of the 16 spots), and it can be collected by the user of any application based on this model. The highest accuracy achieved by the best model was (91.25%) and the minimum loss was (0.23%). The best model consists of (11) layers (4 convolutions, 4 Max pooling, and 3 Dense). Python 3.7 was used to implement the algorithms, KERAS framework for the deep learning algorithms, Visual studio code as an Integrated Development Environment (IDE), and Anaconda navigator for downloading the different libraries. The model was trained with data that can be gathered using cameras of laptops or PCs and without the necessity of special and expensive equipment, also It can be trained for any single eye, depending on application requirements.
Deposition of MgO Nanoparticles by Laser Pyrolysis
Authors: Abdulwaahb Hala Mahmood , Rasheed Bassam G. , Altawil Hanadi H.
Published: April 2022

Magnesium oxide nanoparticles were deposited by laser pyrolysis process. Three types of lasers were employed CW CO2, Q-switched Nd-YAG (short pulses) and long pulses Nd-YAG lasers. The size and density of nanoparticles vary with laser energy, power, pulse duration and the scanning speed of the laser. In this method, MgO nanoparticles were deposited by a laser beam on a quartz substrate from aqueous solution of magnesium nitrate. AFM images reveal formation of small nanoparticle size of 24.5 nm with surface roughness 6.97nm by Q-switched Nd-YAG laser (10 ns) when the energy was 1J. While for CO2 laser, the smallest size was 18.8 nm at 0.4mm/s scanning speed with surface roughness 5.21nm at the same scanning speed. Moreover, long Nd-YAG pulses laser produces relatively larger average size of 37.5nm at 0.8ms pulse duration. The absorption spectra from UV-Visible spectroscopy were also conducted. The best absorption intensity was obtained at a wavelength ranging between 420-430 nm for both lasers. Finally, Thermal analysis using COMSOL Multiphysics software for the deposition process reveals that maximum temperature about 440Kfor Q-Switched Nd-YAG laser at 1J laser energy. While for RF CO2 laser, the maximum temperature obtained at 0.4mm/s scanning speed is 850K.This work provides a good knowledge for the deposition of nanoparticles using laser beams.
Effect of Crack Length on Stresses in a Plate with a Hole
Authors: Dawood Thaker Saleh , Khdir Younis Khalid
Published: April 2022

The field of mechanics concerned with studying the propagation of cracks in materials is Fracture Mechanics. Technology systems are meant to withstand the loads to which they are likely to be exposed when in use. Material imperfections arising at the time of production or use of the material are, however, unavoidable and must therefore be taken into account. A stress intensity factor is a fracture parameter that defines the part failure. This paper study’s the effect of cracks on the stresses of rectangular plates having a hole in the center. The plate was subjected to tensile pressure at the top side while maintaining the bottom side fixed. The plate had four cracks distributed around the centered hole at 45o at each side. The effect of the length of the cracks on the resulted stresses and strains was investigated. Also, the effect of the position of the crack on the resulted stresses and strains was studied. Finite element models for the different plate cases were built using ANSYS software. The results showed that increasing the crack length resulted to increase the stresses and strains. The dimension of the plate width, height and thickness were 150 mm, 300 mm and 1 mm respectively, and the crack position was investigated for different crack lengths (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 mm) however the results were not steady as it looks that the crack lengths have changed the stress distribution over the plate.
Measurement of Cartilage Deformation in Intact Knee Joints under Compressive Loading
Authors: Rashid Balsam Muqdad , Hamandi Sadiq Jaafar , Khalil Eman Ghadban
Published: April 2022

Many joints in the body depend on cartilage for their mechanical function. Since cartilage lacks the ability to self-heal when injured, treatments and replacements for damaged cartilage have been created in recent decades. The mechanical tests had an important role in the treatment and designing of the replaced cartilage. There are two types of cartilages in the knees: fibrocartilage (the meniscus, it is a special type of cartilage) and hyaline cartilage. Its mechanical properties are important because structural failure of cartilage is closely related with joint disorders. This study aimed to determine the stress-strain curve to give broader understanding of the material’s properties. The results of this study could help to develop computational models for evaluating mechanics of knee joint, predicting possible failure locations and disease progression in joints.The study involved two specimens taken from bovine, the first was the articular cartilage with subchondral bone and the second was the meniscus cartilage each one loaded on a compressive testing machine to compute the displacement, and the force applied, enabling the calculation of the stress-strain curve of the material.Specimen failure occurred in the articular cartilage surface at a force break of 73.8N and get force peak about 87.2 N. The meniscus cartilage failure had occurred at a force break of 29.2 N and get force peak about 34.9 N.
Economic activity and financial variables in Mexico
Authors: López-Herrera Francisco , Cabello Alejandra , Ortiz Edgar
Published: April 2022

This paper analyzes the relationship between economic activity in Mexico and a set of relevant Mexican financial variables. Monthly data for the period January 1993 to August 2018 includes time series of global economic activity index, consumer price index, peso-USD exchange rate, international reserves, interest rate of short-term Mexican T-bills, Mexico´s stock market index and its level of activity as measured by the volume of operations on variable income assets. The analysis is based on an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ADRL) model. The empirical evidence reveals that all explanatory variables, except the stock market index, show a long-run relationship with the level of Mexican economy activity.
Explotación, excedentes y crecimiento económico en México
Authors: Palacio Muñoz Víctor H. , Santacruz de León Eugenio E. , Vargas López Alfonso
Published: April 2022

En este artículo, desde el punto de vista heterodoxo, se demuestra el nivel de excedentes que generan los trabajadores en la economía mexicana, producto de la explotación a la que son sometidos, con niveles de pago por concepto de mano de obra ínfimos, grandes ganancias y un crecimiento económico fundamentado en políticas de corte neoclásico.
Análisis del comportamiento de volatilidad accionaria en México para periodos de política monetaria no convencional
Authors: Contreras Valdez Mario Iván , Cerecedo Hernández Daniel
Published: April 2022

El trabajo se desarrolla en torno a los efectos de política monetaria no convencional sobre el mercado accionario en México. Se plantea el problema sobre cómo reaccionó el mercado accionario ante los ajustes en tasa de interés derivado de la crisis de 2008 hasta mediados de 2016. Se forman portafolios de acciones igualmente ponderados de los sectores de la economía, los cuales, a través de modelos GARCH y pruebas no paramétricas de Kolmogrov- Smirnov se determina si hay evidencia de cambios estadísticamente significativos entre un periodo previo a la crisis de 2008 y posterior a ésta. Los resultados muestran una tendencia similar en ambas series, lo que podría interpretarse como una inclinación por parte de los inversionistas en México por el desempeño del sector más que sobre la tasa de interés sobre la cual se descuentan los flujos de efectivo.
Desarrollo regional sostenible y capital social. Un estudio de percepción ciudadana en la zona metropolitana Puebla-Tlaxcala, 2017-2018
Authors: Carrillo Huerta Mario Miguel
Published: April 2022

Actualmente, el capital social es considerado importante en la promoción del desarrollo, y se han realizado numerosos estudios empíricos tratando de identificar sus efectos en el crecimiento al nivel agregado de la economía. Sin embargo, al nivel de las familias y de sus localidades, el número de estudios realizados es menor. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un análisis de la relación entre el capital social y el desarrollo, concebido éste como mejoramiento en la calidad de vida de la población, a partir de un estudio realizado en 2017-2018 en cuatro ciudades en la zona metropolitana Puebla-Tlaxcala, México. A partir de los datos arrojados por una encuesta levantada entre la población local, se corrieron modelos de correlación entre índices de capital social comunitario y de calidad de vida familiar, obteniendo resultados positivos entre ellos, sugiriendo una asociación importante entre el capital social y el desarrollo regional.
Análisis de la estructura productiva de la economía mexicana 2000-2014
Authors: Figueroa Ortiz Carlos Obed
Published: April 2022

El análisis insumo-producto utiliza diferentes metodologías para evaluar la estructura productiva de México: el método de encadenamientos específicos y coeficientes simétricos de Streit y el método de extracción no hipotética. La aplicación de esas metodologías tiene el objeto de capturar distintos aspectos de las relaciones económicas intersectoriales. El periodo de estudio abarca desde 2000 hasta 2014, utilizando la matriz insumo-producto, con un nivel de desagregación de 56 sectores económicos. A través de las metodologías aplicadas es posible detectar cambios en la estructura productiva excluyendo el sector externo, así como aquellos atribuibles a la liberalización del comercio que se experimentó la economía mexicana con el TLCAN. Como conclusión general, la estructura productiva mexicana experimentó cambios que implicaron una sustitución de productos nacionalespor productos extranjeros.
FISM-DF
Authors: Raccanello Kristiano , Ruiz Carrasco María Guadalupe
Published: April 2022

El Fondo de Infraestructura Social Municipal y de las Demarcaciones Territoriales del Distrito Federal (FISM-DF) se destina a financiar obras y acciones sociales que benefician directamente a la población en pobreza extrema, en las localidades con alto o muy alto nivel de rezago social, y en las zonas de atención prioritarias. En el 2014 los recursos del FISM-DF representaron el 9.33% del Ramo 33. En este trabajo se presenta un meta análisis de la evaluación de operación y resultados al fondo para el 2014 a 14 municipios del estado de Puebla que se realizó entre abril y septiembre del 2016. Aunque los planes municipales de desarrollo estén alineados con el plan estatal de desarrollo 2011-2017 del estado de Puebla, y el destino de los recursos esté acorde a los Lineamientos Generales para la Operación del FAIS 2014, se detectan importantes áreas de oportunidad. Éstas se centran principalmente en los diagnósticos de los planes municipales, en la preparación de los servidores públicos que a nivel municipal administran los recursos del fondo, en los reportes financieros relativos al presupuesto ejercido y al asignado, así como el seguimiento de los indicadores. En particular, la falta de información estadística actualizada impide poder determinar el impacto de los recursos ejercidos.
Precio del petróleo, los fundamentales y el tipo de cambio en México
Authors: Sánchez Vargas Armando , Perrotini Hernández Ignacio
Published: April 2022

En el artículo ofrecemos evidencia empírica para México sobre el canal de impacto directo e indirecto que tienen los precios del crudo en las variaciones del tipo de cambio. Empleamos datos de series de tiempo trimestrales para el periodo entre 1997-2019, y utilizamos un sistema de ecuaciones simultáneas cointegrado. Nuestros resultados sugieren que un aumento en el precio del crudo produce una apreciación cambiaria (canal directo), así mismo, la mejora en el precio del petróleo hace que incrementen los ingresos del gobierno –vía ingresos petroleros–, lo que provoca una mejora en el balance fiscal y esto a su vez provoca una depreciación de la paridad cambiaria (canal indirecto).
Metodología de evaluación de riesgos en materia de prevención de lavado de dinero (PLD) y financiamiento al terrorismo (FT)
Authors: Martínez Sánchez José Francisco , Martínez Camacho Arturo , Pérez Lechuga Gilberto
Published: April 2022

El lavado de dinero y financiamiento al terrorismo es un riesgo al que están expuestas diferentes entidades; pero principalmente las financieras por la propia naturaleza de su actividad, de manera que especialmente deben y están obligadas a tener una metodología apropiada para analizar y evaluar riesgos. El tema del lavado del dinero es de suma importancia, por lo que esta investigación pretende contribuir a la solución de este grave problema. Con la finalidad de apoyar la lucha contra el lavado de dinero y financiamiento del terrorismo, este trabajo propone una metodología que identifique, mida, cuantifique y administre el riesgo de LD y FT. La premisa fundamental es la relación causa efecto entre los distintos factores de riesgo para lo cual se utilizó el modelo de red bayesiana.
Incidencia de la inflación en el crecimiento económico de México
Authors: Rodríguez Benavides Domingo , López-Herrera Francisco , Perrotini Hernández Ignacio
Published: April 2022

En este artículo analizamos las relaciones entre el crecimiento económico y su volatilidad, el crecimiento económico y la incertidumbre inflacionaria y el vínculo entre inflación y la incertidumbre inflacionaria de enero de 1993 a marzo de 2018 mediante un enfoque poco convencional en la literatura empírica sobre el tema: el enfoque de cópulas. Los resultados sugieren que mayores niveles de volatilidad del crecimiento económico están asociados con tasas de crecimiento más elevadas. Mientras que para el crecimiento económico y la incertidumbre inflacionaria la asociación es positiva pero no tan fuerte de acuerdo al parámetro de interés estimado. De igual forma, encontramos evidencia mixta para la relación entre incertidumbre del creci-miento económico e inflación en México. Además, la cópula estimada para la relación entre la inflación y la incertidumbre inflacionaria mostró una relación de dependencia en la cola superior, lo cual sugiere que la relación positiva entre estas variables ha sido más fuerte en los periodos en los que se incrementó la inflación.
Efectos de la inclusión financiera en la pobreza en México en el lapso 2000-2017
Authors: Cernichiaro Reyna Christopher
Published: April 2022

De acuerdo con los lineamientos del Programa de Inclusión Social Prospera, a través de la promoción del ahorro, de la adquisición de créditos y de seguros, el nivel de vida de sus beneficiarios aumentará. Asimismo, las investigaciones para México señalan una causalidad positiva entre ahorro a ingreso de la población más rezagada económicamente. Para verificar el desempeño empírico de dichos argumentos se utiliza un modelo SVAR con datos mensuales mexicanos, que abarcan desde enero de 2000 hasta diciembre de 2017, de ahorro, crédito, seguros e ingreso per cápita. Los resultados muestran que el ahorro implica un costo de oportunidad en términos de menor poder adquisitivo durante aproximadamente dos años. Por otro lado, el crédito aumenta el poder adquisitivo de manera sostenida, lo cual posiblemente se debe a la contratación adicional de deuda. Por último, los resultados señalan que la adquisición de seguros contribuye a preservar el poder adquisitivo del ingreso.