bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SrTiO3‐Filled PTFE Composite Laminates for Microwave Substrate Applications
Authors: Rajesh Surendran , Murali Kodakkattu Purushothaman , Rajani Kunnathodi Vijayaraghavan , Ratheesh Ravendran
Published: May 2009

Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) filled polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) substrates were fabricated through sigma mixing (SM), extrusion (E), calendering (C) followed by hotpressing (H) (SMECH) process. The filler dispersion in the polymer matrix and the surface morphology were studied using scanning electron microscopic (SEM) technique. The permittivity (ɛ′r) and loss tangent (tan δ) of the composites were measured using precision impedance and vector network analyzers. The experimental permittivity of filled composites was compared with theoretically predicted values. Dimensionally stable substrate having a permittivity of 13.1 and a loss tangent of 0.0055 at X‐band was prepared in the PTFE/SrTiO3composite system.
Sintering and Deformation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Produced by Sequential Tape Casting
Authors: Cologna Marco , Sglavo Vincenzo M. , Bertoldi Massimo
Published: May 2009

Anode‐supported solid oxide fuel cells have been produced by water base sequential tape casting and cosintering. The curvature developed upon cosintering was monitored in situ. By tailoring the green microstructure, it was possible to reduce the curvature rate and to produce flat cells avoiding the need for a creep‐flattening treatment. The power density at 800°C and 0.7 V was 751.7 mW/cm2.
Cold Chemical Lamination—New Bonding Technique of LTCC Green Tapes
Authors: Jurkow Dominik , Leszek Golonka
Published: May 2009

The low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) technology enables fabrication of sensors, actuators, microfludic devices2 and fuel cells. The structures consist of screen‐printed components, gas/liquid channels, reactive chambers and mixers. The lamination process determines the quality of such devices. Thermo‐compression is the most popular bonding method. The LTCC green tapes are joined together at high temperature (up to 80°C) and high pressure (up to 30 MPa) for 2 to 15 minutes. The method allows good encapsulation of the LTCC structures, but the channels geometry is strongly affected by elevated temperature and pressure. Cold Chemical Lamination (CCL) is a new LTCC green tapes bonding technique, which allows for fabrication of 3D modules. A solvent‐based method is used in the CCL lamination instead of the thermo‐compression process. A special liquid agent is screen‐printed on the green tape in the CCL method. The liquid melts the tape surface. Then the tapes are stacked and compressed at room temperature by a printing roll. The influence of the CCL and the thermo‐compression methods on the chamber's geometry quality as well as basic electrical properties of screen‐printed resistors (sheet resistance Rφ standard deviation of sheet resistance σR, variability coefficient of sheet resistance VR, and long‐term stability) are analyzed and compared in this paper. The bonding quality is examined by a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Planning a Social Activity to Improve Psychological Well‐being and Quality of Life of Hemodialysis Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sertoz Ozen Onen , Ascı Gulay , Toz Fatma , Duman Soner , Elbi Hayriye , Ok Ercan
Published: May 2009

We aimed to investigate the impact of social activity on anxiety‐depression, self‐esteem and quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Ninety‐one patients were recruited to the current study. Of these, 31 patients wanted to take part in a theater play, while 60 patients (group C) did not. Thirty‐one patients were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A (N = 15) started activities immediately and group B (N = 16) was assigned to a waiting list to be included in the activity of theater acting four months later. Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Rosenberg Self‐esteem Scale and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale short form (WHOQOL‐BREF) were used to compare psychological parameters and quality of life of the groups before and after the social activity. The patients who were younger, more literate, and wealthier, had longer disease duration, and who were feeling physically and psychologically well, were willing to participate in social activity. The impact of social activity was evaluated between group A and C. After the social activity, there were significant differences in terms of depression (P = 0.008), self‐esteem (P = 0.003), and physical (P = 0.04) and psychological (P = 0.05) sub‐dimensions of quality of life between the groups. The depression score of the patients in group A decreased while their self‐esteem increased, but the increase in the physical and psychological sub‐dimension scores of quality of life scale did not reach statistical significance. This pilot study showed that social activity primarily improved depression and self‐esteem in hemodialysis patients.
Enhancing the dietary management of general practice patients through collaborative care: perspectives of general practitioners and dietitians
Authors: POMEROY Sylvia E.M. , WORSLEY Anthony
Published: May 2009

Aim:  To describe how general practitioners and dietitians view their role in the dietary management of cardiac patients and to provide insights on how to facilitate collaborative care.

Methods:  Two studies were conducted in Victoria (Australia) 2005–2006. Study One: semi‐structured interviews with general practitioners. Study Two: cross‐sectional quantitative surveys of general practitioners and dietitians. Study One: texts were analysed using the grounded theory approach. Study Two: frequency analysis was conducted and chi‐squared test for independence was used to explore the impact of age, sex and consultation time on the role and reporting scales.

Results:  Study One: Themes arising from the interviews with 30 general practitioners showed their involvement in dietary management fell into three broad roles: ‘Influencing’, ‘Coordinator’ of referrals and dietary ‘Educator’. They described dietetic education as a process that included dietary assessment, education, application of behavioural change techniques and reporting back to general practitioners. Study Two: Respondents were 248 general practitioners (30% response) and 180 dietitians (60% response). General practitioners' counselling consisted mostly of advocating for dietary change, coordinating dietetic referrals and reinforcing dietitians' recommendations. General practitioners considered dietary education as the role of dietitians. Dietitians reported a much broader role in the management of patients with some overlap with general practitioners' roles.

Conclusions:  The findings indicate the need: (i) for more structured reporting to ensure general practitioners receive appropriate information to enable them to reinforce dietetic counselling and recommendations; and (ii) to streamline the communication process in order to expedite dietitians' reports to general practitioners.
Eleven process evaluation strategies for education of individual clients in dietetic practice
Authors: CANT Robyn , ARONI Rosalie
Published: May 2009

Aim:  To examine process evaluation methods used by Australian dietitians in nutrition education of individual clients.

Methods:  A qualitative–quantitative design was used. A purposive sample of 46 clinical dietitians working in Victorian hospitals, community or private practice attended audio‐recorded focus groups or an in‐depth interview. Themes identified were used to develop a questionnaire to survey Australian dietitians asking about client education strategies and evaluation methods. Two hundred and fifty‐eight dietitians (16%) responded to a Web‐based questionnaire. Criterion for extraction of results was ≥70% agreement. Descriptive statistics, chi‐squared and Spearman's rank order correlation analyses were used (if P≤ 0.05).

Results:  Eleven process evaluation strategies were used by ≥84% of dietitians. Results clustered into a typology of four evaluation strategies: evaluating planning of the intervention; evaluating assimilation of new information; evaluating intention to change behaviour; and determining a patient's satisfaction with a consultation. Only two methods were used ‘often’ by more than half the respondents, indicating a wide range in choice of strategies. Seven of 11 strategies in use evaluated information assimilation. There was no significant difference by work category, state of employment or seniority. Evaluative questions to be answered are: Did they agree to it? Did they learn it? Will they use it? What has changed?

Conclusion:  Process evaluation is best achieved by simultaneous teaching and evaluation. Dietitians may benefit from further skills training to more fully utilise patient‐centred planning. Further investigation is warranted to define best practice.
How dietetics students like to learn: Implications for curriculum planners
Authors: PALERMO Claire , WALKER Karen Z. , BROWN Ted , ZOGI Maryam
Published: May 2009

Aim:  To investigate the learning styles of nutrition and dietetics students to assist in informing nutrition and dietetics curriculum methods, design and review.

Methods:  A total of 129 students from years one to four of a nutrition and dietetics undergraduate curriculum completed the Index of Learning Styles and the Kolb Learning Style Inventory to reveal their learning style preferences.

Results:  The Index of Learning Styles identified the students as learners who were intuitive (innovative), verbal (preferring spoken/written explanations) and global (preferring holistic approaches) while the Kolb Learning Style Inventory found that the students had an inclination towards converging (practical) and assimilating (reasoning) learning styles.

Conclusions:  Analysis of learning styles can assist curriculum change towards teaching strategies that suit students. Teaching and learning activities for dietetics students should be developed to strengthen reflective and emotional learning and to develop students' ability to appreciate different points of view. The finding that learning styles changed with year level requires confirmation via cohort studies.
Comparison of two histological techniques for age determination in small cetaceans
Authors: Luque Patricia Lastra , Learmonth Jennifer A. , Santos M. Begoña , Ieno Elena , Pierce Graham J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract

Age estimation in odontocetes is based on counts of growth layer groups (GLGs) deposited in recording structures such as teeth. Generally, tooth sections are obtained using a cryostat microtome. However, some researchers prefer obtaining thin sections using a traditional paraffin microtome. Little information is available on the application of this technique to dolphin teeth. Our main aim was to investigate if the paraffin technique can be a viable alternative. We considered whether estimated age would be affected by preparation technique, staining method, and section thickness, while controlling for effects of species, body length, and sex. We also analyzed whether the staining method would affect readability of GLGs and age reading variability. Teeth from 86 individuals (representing seven species) were used, but not all were prepared using both techniques because sufficient teeth were not available in all cases. Although the staining method had significant effects on the estimated age using both techniques, the variability of GLG counts was small and appeared to be similar for both techniques. Using Mayer's hematoxylin stained sections of 8 μm thickness, good agreement of ages was obtained from both techniques, with more preparations classified as “good quality” for the paraffin technique. Mayer's hematoxylin provided the best contrast of the GLGs when using the paraffin technique. We conclude that the paraffin technique is viable and represents a cost‐effective alternative to a cryostat microtome when preparing cetacean teeth for age determination.
Transition of China's Diplomacy and Foreign Relations
Authors: Wang Yizhou
Published: May 2009

The present paper focuses on the transformation of China's foreign affairs. The transformation is closely associated with and mutually reinforced by the developmental changes that have taken place in China. China's strong economic focus has had a profound effect on its foreign relations and international strategies. With sustained growth over the past three decades (1978–2008), China has become an important member of the world community. In particular, its influence has been growing in the Asia‐Pacific area. China's unique developmental model and path are recognized and scrutinized worldwide. The present paper discusses special aspects of foreign aid and also explores the changes in principles of and approaches taken in the application of foreign aid policies. Under dual external and internal pressure, China has to constantly adjust, renew and improve its approach to diplomatic and international relations.
Adaptation of anaerobically grown Thauera aromatica, Geobacter sulfurreducens and Desulfococcus multivorans to organic solvents on the level of membrane fatty acid composition
Authors: Duldhardt Ilka , Gaebel Julia , Chrzanowski Lukasz , Nijenhuis Ivonne , Härtig Claus , Schauer Frieder , Heipieper Hermann J.
Published: May 2009

The effect of different solvents and pollutants on the cellular fatty acid composition of three bacterial strains: Thauera aromatica, Geobacter sulfurreducens and Desulfococcus multivorans, representatives of diverse predominant anaerobic metabolisms was investigated. As the prevailing adaptive mechanism in cells of T. aromatica and G. sulfurreducens whose cellular fatty acids patterns were dominated by palmitic acid (C16:0) and palmitoleic acid (C16:1cis), the cells reacted by an increase in the degree of saturation of their membrane fatty acids when grown in the presence of sublethal concentrations of the chemicals. Next to palmitic acid C16:0, the fatty acid pattern of D. multivorans was dominated by anteiso‐branched fatty acids which are characteristic for several sulfate‐reducing bacteria. The cells responded to the solvents with an increase in the ratio of straight‐chain saturated (C14:0, C16:0, C18:0) to anteiso‐branched fatty acids (C15:0anteiso, C17:0anteiso, C17:1anteisoΔ9cis). The results show that anaerobic bacteria react with similar mechanisms like aerobic bacteria in order to adapt their membrane to toxic organic solvents. The observed adaptive modifications on the level of membrane fatty acid composition can only be carried out with de novo synthesis of the fatty acids which is strictly related to cell growth. As the growth rates of anaerobic bacteria are generally much lower than in the so far investigated aerobic bacteria, this adaptive response needs more time in anaerobic bacteria. This might be one explanation for the previously observed higher sensitivity of anaerobic bacteria when compared with aerobic ones.
Chemical analysis of late stages of pheomelanogenesis: conversion of dihydrobenzothiazine to a benzothiazole structure
Authors: Wakamatsu Kazumasa , Ohtara Kazumi , Ito Shosuke
Published: May 2009

Pheomelanogenesis is a complex pathway that starts with the oxidation of tyrosine (or DOPA, 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine) by tyrosinase in the presence of cysteine, which results in the production of 5‐S‐cysteinyldopa and its isomers. Beyond that step, relatively little has been clarified except for a possible intermediate produced, dihydro‐1,4‐benzothiazine‐3‐carboxylic acid (DHBTCA). We therefore carried out a detailed study on the course of pheomelanogenesis using DOPA and cysteine and the physiological enzyme tyrosinase. To elucidate the later stages of pheomelanogenesis, chemical degradative methods of reductive hydrolysis with hydroiodic acid and alkaline peroxide oxidation were applied. The results show that: (1) DHBTCA accumulates after the disappearance of the cysteinyldopa isomers, (2) DHBTCA is then oxidized by a redox exchange with dopaquinone to form ortho‐quinonimine, which leads to the production of pheomelanin with a benzothiazine moiety, and (3) the benzothiazine moiety gradually degrades to form a benzothiazole moiety. This latter process is consistent with the much higher ratio of benzothiazole‐derived units in human red hair than in mouse yellow hair. These findings may be relevant to the (photo)toxic effects of pheomelanin.
Use of liposomes as drug delivery vehicles for treatment of melanoma
Authors: Tran Melissa A. , Watts Rebecca J. , Robertson Gavin P.
Published: May 2009

Melanoma is a progressive disease that claims many lives each year due to lack of therapeutics effective for the long‐term treatment of patients. Currently, the best treatment option is early detection followed by surgical removal. Better melanoma therapies that are effectively delivered to tumors with minimal toxicity for patients are urgently needed. Nanotechnologies provide one approach to encapsulate therapeutic agents leading to improvements in circulation time, enhanced tumor uptake, avoidance of the reticulo‐endothelial system, and minimization of toxicity. Liposomes in particular are a promising nanotechnology that can be used for more effective delivery of therapeutic agents to treat melanoma. Liposomes delivering chemotherapies, siRNA, asODNs, DNA, and radioactive particles are just some of the promising new nanotechnology based therapies under development for the treatment of melanoma that are discussed in this review.
Vitrectomy may prevent the occurrence of diabetic macular oedema
Authors: Navarro Audrey , Pournaras Jean‐Antoine C. , Hoffart Louis , Massin Pascale , Ridings Bernard , Conrath John
Published: May 2009

Purpose:  This study aimed to demonstrate that vitrectomy may prevent the occurrence of diabetic macular oedema (DMO).

Methods:  Three patients with diabetes type 1 underwent vitrectomy in one eye to treat complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Results:  During follow‐up, all patients suffered unilateral macular oedema in the non‐vitrectomized eye as a result of general metabolic changes. In two of these patients, the DMO resolved with management of the underlying medical condition.

Conclusions:  These case reports suggest the vitreous may play a role in the occurrence of DMO associated with general risk factors. Further studies are needed to increase understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development and progression of DMO.
Extra‐osseous osteoma
Authors: Herd John R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Three cases of osseous or cartilaginous masses within the oral soft tissues are described and the phenomenon of such occurrence is discussed.
The type of union between cast gold and an electroformed gold matrix in an inlay technique
Authors: Rogers Olbert W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Experiments were designed to determine the casting conditions necessary to obtain union between cast gold dental alloys and an electroformed gold matrix in an inlay technique including the use of a flux, spruing, investing, and casting conditions.
Overlay dentures. Philosophy and practice. II
Authors: Taylor R. L. , Duckmanton N. A. , Boyks G.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The practical stages in the construction of mandibular overlay dentures, with and without precision attachment anchors, are described and illustrated in detail. The importance of post‐insertion maintenance, continuing effective oral hygiene and patient care, as a prerequisite for a successful overlay denture experience, is emphasized.
Dental health education in the South Australian school dental programme
Authors: Blaikie D. C.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The role of dental health education as part of the school dental service is reviewed. Activities which promote dental health education and which involve school children, their parents, and dental therapists are also reviewed and comments are made on their evaluation. The effects of these programmes on the children's dental health, their health practices and their attitude to dental care is summarized.
Rhinolith—a case report
Authors: Herd John R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A case of rhinolith is presented and the phenomenon is discussed.
Mid‐face osteotomy in the adolescent cleft palate patient*
Authors: Fitzpatrick Barry
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Retrognathia or retrusion of the maxilla and mid‐face is present in about one‐third of treated cleft palate patients.

Surgical repositioning of either the dental segments, or the entire mid‐face into a forward position, can greatly enhance appearance and at the same time provide for a more functional occlusion.

Some surgical aspects of this work are presented together with an evaluation of soft tissue change.
Educational technology in the teaching of dentistry: the importance of objectives
Authors: Stevens L.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A description of educational technology is given and the importance of establishing clear teaching‐learning objectives is related to curriculum, evaluation and teaching methods.
Immediate denture treatment for patients with Class II malocclusions
Authors: Johnson K.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Observations on the results of immediate denture treatment for patients with Class II malocclusions over a period up to eight years show that dimensional changes were unpredictable.
Magnetodontics. The use of magnetic forces in dentistry
Authors: Cerny R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A recently discovered alloy of cobalt and samarium (Co5Sm) has exceptional magnetic properties. A laboratory evaluation was made of the grip force of samples of this alloy of a size suitable for dental use. A review of both dental and general literature points to the need for establishing, prior to widespread usage, that magnetic fields are harmless to surrounding tissues.
Toxic effects of dental amalgam implants. Optical histological and histochemical observations
Authors: Ellender Graham , Ham Kathryn N. , Harcourt John K.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Dental amalgam and porcelain control discs were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. Amalgam implants exerted a toxic effect caused by release of metal ions which was characterized by prolonged inflammation, delayed granulation and disordered collagen formation. Dental porcelain was found to be a suitable biocompatible control which provided a bulk similar to that of dental amalgam but induced only an uncomplicated granulation response.
Parallel pin retention for anterior bridge retainers
Authors: Gage J. P.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Various methods of preparing anterior fixed bridges are described. Retention is gained by the use of slots, three‐quarter crowns and suitably placed wrought or cast pins. The use of a number of paralleling devices is described.
A modular approach to dental studies
Authors: Deubert L. W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— At the commencement of the 1979 Academic Year a “modular approach” to degree studies in Dentistry will be instituted at the University of Papua New Guinea. This course of studies will be comprised of four progression modules and includes a one‐year programme of community service and clinical experience in a dental clinic of the Department of Health.
University dental services
Authors: Stoner Joan E.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— An investigation was conducted to determine the appropriate dental services for a university using one university dental service as a model. After examination of the aims, population, demands and needs, possible alternative strategies were considered by comparing the organizational structure of three different types of university dental service.
A longitudinal study of the effectiveness of self applied 10 per cent stannous fluoride paste for secondary school children*
Authors: Woodhouse A. D.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A supervised semi‐annual self application with 10 per cent stannous fluoride toothpaste by children aged 12–13 years and continued for three years demonstrated a reduction of DMFS and DMFT of 16 and 19 per cent between Test and Control Groups. The difference was 1.35 surfaces at the end of three years at approximately one third the cost for restoration of each surface. A greater reduction in caries increments was found in girls and in those children who had not received fluoride supplements.
The integration of technical services into dental restorative procedures
Authors: Henry Patrick J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A protocol for improved dentist‐laboratory relations is presented. The mutual responsibilities and obligations of dentist and technician are outlined. Each step of the procedure is developed and projected at the level of case planning and diagnostic wax‐up.
Occlusion and facial pain
Authors: Klineberg Iven
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The role of the occlusion in the aetiology of reflex jaw muscle hyperactivity and myofacial pain is analysed. Neurological mechanisms are proposed to explain how variations in occlusal morphology of sufficient magnitude (segmental influences), and the presence of anxiety states (suprasegmental influences) affect jaw muscle activity and contribute to myofascial pain. Controlled occlusal therapy may alter the segmental neurological control of jaw muscle activity to facilitate resolution of muscle hyperactivity in acute myofascial pain. Chronic myofascial pain dysfunction is not primarily related to occlusal factors and a complex psychophysiological mechanism is involved in this type of pain problem.
Attitudes and preventive dental health behaviour in children with congenital cardiac disease*
Authors: Berger Eva N. H.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A study of 114 children with congenital cardiac disease (C.C.D.) and healthy control children was carried out at the Royal Children's Hospital — Melbourne and at the Department of Conservative Dentistry — Melbourne. The C.C.D. group was divided into Cyanotic and Acyanotic subgroups to assess the influence of the severity of chronic illness on the issues under study. Questionnaires were designed to assess knowledge, attitude and behaviour relating to dental health for eight to ten year old children and their mothers. Detailed clinical examinations were carried out. Findings are summarized in this article.
The pre prosthetic management of the edentulous patient*
Authors: Warneke Sydney C.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— —The problems to be solved are those largely caused by prolonged wearing of old, inadequate dentures where faulty occlusion, ill‐fitting bases, poor denture hygiene, parafunctional habits combine to produce denture stomatitis and papillary hyperplasia. A programme is set out to deal with these problems and to adjust abnormal frenum and muscle attachment.
The role of the overlay denture in the prevention of mandibular ridge atrophy*
Authors: Duckmanton N. A.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The overlay denture concept may be used to postpone and in some cases avoid the atrophied mandibular ridge syndrome. The co‐operation of the patient is a vital factor for success and the treatment regimen is divided into a series of self‐contained stages to allow the patient to demonstrate his mastery of each before proceeding to the next. Function in the edentate can be enhanced by the use of this type of denture.
Eye injuries and the dentist*
Authors: Colvin John
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The risk of damage to the eyes of the patient, the dentist and his assistant should be recognized. Protection can be achieved by the wearing of specially designed spectacles using CR 39 plastic tinted lenses. Contact lenses should be removed by patients who are to undergo general anaesthesia.
The resistance welded stainless steel interface
Authors: Rogers Olbert W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The results obtained using single impulse and multiple impulse welds for joining orthodontic band and wire material showed that the single impulse produced an autogenous nugget of fused parent material and several nuggets were formed with the multiple impulse weld. Excessive current was deleterious.
Surgical access: the access‐line concept
Authors: Lam William
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Adequacy of surgical access is determined by the position of the access line and not by the size of the flap as commonly believed. The case for small flaps in surgery is strongly argued for.
Actinomycosis of the mandible. Case report
Authors: Barclay J. K.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A case of actinomycosis with associated destruction of soft tissue, tooth and bone is discussed.
Burs, teeth and hand instruments*
Authors: Lester Keith S.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Scanning electron microscope studies demonstrate deficiencies in the surfaces of cavity preparations made with conventional cutting instruments. Better surface preparation can be achieved by using appropriate shaped tungsten rotary instruments, and by sharp hand instruments used with a scraping action. The direction of rotation of the cutting alters the quality of the enamel margin. The SEM image should not be interpreted as the sole criterion of clinical success.
Orthodontic Seminar: A Realistic Approach Diagnosing the problem*
Authors: Henry R. G.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Diagnostic guide lines are presented to help the general practitioner to correctly differentiate the “simple” from the “difficult” case of malocclusion. These aids to diagnosis are set out in an orderly fashion to encourage a closer and more systematic examination of the bite of every patient presenting for dental treatment.

Certain types of appliances are suggested as adequate to cope with the malocclusion, once the correct diagnosis has been made.
Orthodontic Seminar: A Realistic Approach Construction, adjustment and repair of appliances*
Authors: Reading John F.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Details of the design and construction of removable and simple fixed appliances are presented. Equipment, instruments, and supplies are listed. Welding, soldering, banding and bonding are illustrated. Finally, step‐by‐step descriptions are given of first aid measures for the repair of fixed appliances applicable to the general practice situation.
Characteristics of the Papua New Guinean dentition. II. Normal occlusion in an adolescent population
Authors: Doran G. A.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Data on dental arch form and size, tooth arrangement and occlusion are presented for 32 adolescents from Wewak, Papua New Guinea, and compared with measurements of similar adult populations. Each person examined had a Class I occlusal relationship.
Fusion of a third molar to a supernumerary tooth with an associated dentigerous cyst
Authors: Abrams Richard A. , Nelson Dennis L.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— During a routine oral examination of a 19 year‐old Black male, a bony impaction of his mandibular left third molar fused to an inverted supernumerary tooth with a cystic cavity was found. Histologic examination confirmed the presence of a dentigerous cyst.
55 Nitinol wire: Force developed as a function of “elastic memory”
Authors: Andreasen G. F. , Bigelow H. , Andrews J. G.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Closing spaces is done either by translation of the edgewise brackets over an archwire or by the use of closing loops of some common design. This investigation suggests the concept of the further refinement of the “wire rubber band” as a means of closing spaces. Advantages of such a wire hypothetically would be to level the dentition, align the dentition, and condense spaces in the dentition with only one or two stretched nickel titanium wires having the proper temperature transition range (TTR). The temperature of the mouth would make such wires return to their original prestretched length. A correctly‐sized wire would have sufficient stiffness at mouth temperature, and it would be kept at or above its TTR. The system eliminates friction from edgewise bracket translation and also the use of many auxiliary closing devices as well as reducing the number of archwire changes, thus saving chairside time.
Biological methods of dental caries prevention. A review
Authors: Rogers A. H.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A number of measures by which tooth resistance could be increased or by which potentially cariogenic bacteria could be eliminated or their deleterious effects minimized are discussed. Many of them have proved valuable at the individual patient level but cannot be applied as a public health measure.
The dental care of handicapped children in South Australia
Authors: Gurling F. G. , Fanning Elizabeth A. , Leppard P. I.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Sixty‐two per cent of handicapped children had a dentist willing to provide treatment; 55 per cent and 41 per cent were examined and were treated at least annually. Approximately 58 per cent were reported by their guardians to be manageable in general dental practice. Treatment was provided under general anaesthesia for 29 per cent of the children, although 39 per cent were considered by their guardians to require this procedure. Factors related to type and frequency of dental treatment are discussed.
The metallography of heat treatment effects in a nickel‐base casting alloy. A preliminary report
Authors: Goodall T. G. , Lewis A. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— —A series of standard tensile specimens produced from a nickel‐base removable partial denture casting alloy were subjected to heat treatments at three temperatures and three periods at each temperature. The microstructures developed within the castings disclose changes in both the matrix and interdendritic zones.
A metallographic evaluation of the stainless steel‐silver solder joint
Authors: Rogers Olbert W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A microscopical examination of the stainless steel‐silver solder interface and an electron microprobe analysis were used to evaluate the type of union.
Upper airway problems associated with facio‐maxillary trauma. Traumatic intermaxillary fixation.: Case report
Authors: Capper B. , James O. F. , Carter E.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— An unusual case of facio‐maxillary trauma is presented. Its management is outlined and discussed. The experience of the Royal Newcastle Hospital Dental Department with facial trauma as it effects airway patency is examined in order to find indications for tracheostomy in facio‐maxillary trauma.
The inapplicability of formulae to determine vertical dimension
Authors: Darvell B. W. , Spratley M. H.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The accuracy and precision of certain external cephalometric measurements were investigated on a subject presenting optimal conditions, using ten operators. Due to difficulties in identifying landmarks and tissue compressibility, the standard deviation of a measurement for ten replications ranged from 0.3 to 1.7 mm, while the “between operators” standard deviation was no better than 2.0 mm. Measurement accuracy was also poor; that of primary interest, subnasale‐gnathion, had a bias of the order of 7 mm, judged by a radiographic determination. A minimum denture success rate of 97 per cent is equated with a standard deviation of 1 mm in the design freeway space. A recently published regression equation for predicting occlusal vertical dimension has a minimum error of prediction of 5.8 mm and thus is considered an inadequate predictive tool. The errors demonstrated in facial measurements suggest that using formulae to predict occlusal vertical dimension is unlikely to produce clinically acceptable results.
An evaluation of BIS‐GMA resin pit and fissure coatings
Authors: Powell K. R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A review of studies on the microleakage, retention, durability, and cariostatic efficacy of BIS‐GMA resin fissure sealants suggests that newly‐erupted permanent molars benefit least but the benefit for premolars is consistently high. Problems arising in the assessment of the sealants in clinical trials are discussed.
Extending the range of composite resin in everyday practice*
Authors: Widdop F. T.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Composite resins, coupled with an acid‐etch technique, can provide simple solutions to otherwise complex restorative problems. A catalogue of these possibilities is presented.
The effect of carbon on the metallography of a nickel base removable partial denture casting alloy
Authors: Lewis A. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Six special nickel‐chromium alloys were prepared in which the carbon levels were adjusted above and below that of a commercial nickel base dental casting alloy.
Cultural barriers to preventive dentistry
Authors: Blaikie D. C.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The concept of social class and its influence on health attitudes and behaviour has been reviewed. Some dental attitudes and behaviour characteristic of lower socio‐economic culture have been described and possible implications for preventive dental instruction outlined.
Oral hygiene in mentally handicapped children. A clinical trial using a chlorhexidine spray
Authors: Dever J. Garth
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A daily 0.2 per cent chlorhexidine spray, when used as the sole oral hygiene measure in mentally handicapped children, produced a significant reduction in plaque levels and gingival inflammation.
Mouthguards for edentulous patients
Authors: Gerke D. C.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— There are occasions when fully edentulous patients require mouthguards. The following paper describes both the construction of a full upper and a lower denture‐mouthguard and a case report involving such a prosthesis.
The fine structure of epithelial cells in normal and pathological buccal mucosa. III. Pathological changes in spinous, transitional and superficial cells in the erosive type of lichen planus
Authors: Griffin C. J. , Jolly M. , Smythe J. D.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Superficial, transitional and polygonal buccal epithelial cells from patients with the erosive type of lichen planus were compared with similar cells from non‐keratinizing human buccal mucosa. Transitional cells from non‐keratinizing buccal mucosa had glycogen lakes and membrane‐coating granules with electron dense cores. Surface cells were not keratinized and pathological cells were less granular. In lichen planus membrane‐coating granules were numerous, markedly electron dense, and some showed an internal lamellar structure. Surface cells were keratotic or parakeratotic. Processes of macrophages were associated with the pathological membrane‐coating granules.
Apical hard‐tissue deposition in adult teeth of monkeys with use of calcium hydroxide
Authors: Holland R. , Souza V. , Nery M. J. , Bernabe P. F. E. , Mello W. , Filho J. A. Otoboni
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The periapical tissues of adult teeth of monkeys were examined histologically after root canal treatment with calcium hydroxide. Healing, as evidenced by complete apical closure with a hard tissue bridge and an inflammation‐free periodontal ligament, occurred more frequently where canals were instrumented 1 mm short of the apex. Overinstrumented canals exhibited a significantly decreased incidence of apical closure.
Handicapped children: Behavioural and co‐ordination characteristics affecting the delivery of dental care
Authors: Gurling F. G. , Fanning Elizabeth A. , Leppard P. I.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Statistical analysis of data from a field survey of 132 handicapped children confirmed that a questionnaire approach is reliable in identifying children with potential behavioural and co‐ordination problems within a dental environment. Assessment of the behaviour and co‐ordination of 2,082 handicapped children aged 3–16 years, inclusive, suggested that approximately 53 per cent were manageable in a normal dental surgery and 79 per cent had the necessary co‐ordination for routine dental care.
Buy Bullion!
Authors: Boswell P. G. , Stevens L.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A two component system of pure gold and an alloy of silver, copper, palladium and zinc has been shown to have similar mechanical properties to those of Type C casting golds. The system may offer some cost advantages in dental gold alloy restorations.
The flow properties of zinc phosphate cement: An argument for changing the Standard
Authors: Walton T. R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The flow properties of a typical zinc phosphate cement used for luting purposes were determined. These properties differed significantly from those of a Standard and a base‐forming mix. An argument is presented for changing the Standard for zinc phosphate cement to recognize the different clinical uses of the material.
Correlations between crown diameters of the deciduous and permanent teeth of Australian Aboriginals
Authors: Brown T. , Margetts B. , Townsend G. C.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Correlations between crown diameters of corresponding teeth and tooth groups in the deciduous and permanent dentitions are reported for Australian Aboriginals. Size associations for within‐dentition comparisons were stronger than those for between‐dentition. Furthermore, correlations tended to be greater for corresponding tooth groups than for single teeth both within and between dentitions. This co‐ordination appears to be well marked in Aboriginals compared with other populations.
Potential toxicants in alginate powders
Authors: de Freitas J. F.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Twenty‐live dental alginate impression powders were obtained locally and analysed lor Pb, Zn, Ba, Cd, As, Be, Hg, Sb, and V contents by atomic absorption spectroscopy: also total fluoride was determined by a conventional wet‐way procedure. In addition, some lead containing powders were investigated for the lead content of the aerosol and that extractable from the surface of the set material by aqueous solutions. The results are detailed and concern is expressed at a possible hazard to health, mainly by inhalation of these materials.
Oral ulceration and neutropenia associated with naproxen
Authors: Kaziro G. S. N.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A case of oral ulceration and severe neutropenia is reported in a woman who was given naproxen for treatment of her rheumatoid arthritis.
Fluoridation II: An interim economic analysis
Authors: Carr S. M. , Dooland M. B. , Roder D. M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Reductions in treatment costs in the South Australian School Dental Service attributed to water fluoridation were compared with fluoridation costs. Before making comparisons, costs and savings were adjusted to constant denominators by processes of deflation and application of social discount rates. It was evident that after seven to eleven years of fluoridation, treatment‐cost savings would exceed costs of fluoridation.
The effects of alginate impressions on the surface of cast gypsum. I. The physical and chemical structure of the cast surface
Authors: Jarvis R. G. , Earnshaw R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The surface of cast gypsum which has set against alginate impression material has been shown to vary according to the specific impression material used. The variation is both physical and chemical.

Poor cast surfaces have been shown to consist completely of unreacted calcium sulphate hemihydrate to a depth of at least 80 μm. The best cast surfaces consist of considerable amounts of syngenite (potassium calcium sulphate), along with a small amount of gypsum and unreacted hemihydrate. Cast surfaces with a lower syngenite content were intermediate between these two extremes.

No cast surfaces which had set against any alginate impression exhibited complete conversion of hemihydrate to gypsum, which characterized the surface formed when the same gypsum products set against Teflon.

Although dental stones may contain a small amount of a potassium salt as an accelerator, it was shown that this amount does not significantly alter gypsum surfaces cast against alginates. The potassium ions involved in the setting reaction to form syngenite clearly enter the cast at its interface with the impression, presumably by way of an exudate from the gelled impression.
Corticotomy
Authors: Fitzpatrick Barry N.
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT A review of corticotomy procedure is presented. Two case reports deal with contrasting results.
Quadrilateral submersion of permanent teeth. Brief review and case report
Authors: Hall Graham M. , Reade Peter C.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Reports of submerged primary teeth are numerous, but those of submerged permanent teeth, especially involving multiple quadrants, are uncommon. The aetiology of the condition though continuing to be unclear has been associated with ankylosis. A case is reported involving submerging first permanent molars in all quadrants.
A look at audio‐visual teaching. A review
Authors: Howell Susan
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Audio‐visual programmes are suitable for small group and individualized instruction, making good visual impact, they can be replayed and viewed at any time. It is important to maintain personal contact between students and teacher by using audio‐visual programmes in conjunction with lectures and tutorials.

Video‐tapes are well suited to the teaching of manual skills or for clinical demonstrations and readily provide students with immediate feedback. Tape‐slides are easier and less expensive to make than videotapes.

Objectives need first to be stated before lesson content is determined, then an appropriate teaching method or combination of methods may be chosen.
An investigation of the radiopacity of composite restorative materials
Authors: Cook Wayne D.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The radiopacity of 33 commercially available composite materials was measured in terms of their equivalent thickness of an aluminium alloy per unit thickness of material. The theoretical significance of this definition was discussed. The radiopacities were found to vary by more than an order of magnitude. Although nearly 30 percent of the materials have radiopacities less than dentine, all materials claimed to be radiopaque were more so than dentine. The influence of operating potential, specimen thickness, X‐ray generator type, film type, filtration and X‐ray dose were investigated. The former two factors were found to have a large influence on the radiopacity.
The ultrastructure of T and B lymphocytes in recurrent apthous ulceration of the buccal mucosa
Authors: Griffin C. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to classify lymphocytes in the buccal mucosa of patients affected with recurrent apthous ulceration. Two lymphocytes were identified. The B lymphocyte was characterized by an extensive Golgi complex, an extensive tubular rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, and an extensive canalicular system. Usually the nucleus was electron lucent except for perinuclear condensation of chromatin. The T lymphocyte had a moderately developed Golgi complex, absent or poorly developed rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and considerably more heterochromatin (perinuclear) than the B lymphocyte. Uropods were associated with the T lymphocyte and exerted cytotoxic effects on basal and suprabasal cells.
The dental management of a partially edentulous patient suffering from hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease)
Authors: Mestrom Theo J. H. , Spanaul Adam J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A case of Wilson's sickness and its sequelae is described. A treatment procedure is suggested using a combination of skeleton designed cobalt chromium dentures and roach ball precision attachments and its advantages for the patient outlined.
Transitional‐cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus
Authors: Lam William
Published: May 2009

Abstract— This neoplasm is reviewed, and a case report given. The early detection of the lesion by the patient's genera! dental practitioner has made possible a good prognosis.
The changing nature of pyogenic dental infections
Authors: Woods Robin
Published: May 2009

Abstract

The results of examination of bacteria isolated from dental pyogenic infections for the two years to 1980 have been considered. Information on the types of bacteria and their antibiotic sensitivities have been considered and compared with results of similar surveys conducted earlier. The present report shows an increase in the proportion of Gram negative bacteria encountered in dental infections.