bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decolonising practice: ‘doing’ Contextual Safeguarding with an ethics of care
Authors: Bradbury-Leather Vanessa , Rayment-McHugh Sue
Published: January 2024

In this chapter, we contextualise children’s social care within wider historical oppressive processes and systems built on legacies of colonialism and imperialism. As Contextual Safeguarding (CS) gains international attention, it is important that we speak to the ongoing impact of these legacies, how they inform historical and contemporary social care practice and what this means for CS as an approach that seeks to achieve reform in this area. We explore the opportunities within a CS approach for challenging these harmful legacies through its values, outlining why it is important our practice is shaped by these principles and values when we ‘do’ CS. In doing so, we raise important questions about the future implementation of CS, and outline an ‘ethics of care’ that must underpin this work if we are to avoid replicating the harmful legacies observed in traditional forms of family social work. To encourage this resistance and help grasp these principles in practice, we finish the chapter asking a series of reflective questions that prompt ongoing conversation in our journeys to embed CS, ultimately holding us to ask, how can we care for system change in an ethical way?
“If you want to help us, you need to hear us”
Authors: Millar Hannah , Walker Joanne , Whittington Elsie
Published: January 2024

Contextual Safeguarding (CS) offers a framework where participation is crucial to keeping young people safe in their different contexts beyond their homes. Moving from this conceptual framework to the practical creation of a system that is meaningfully informed by young people, however, presents a number of research and ethical challenges. The creation and implementation of CS systems within local authorities in England and Wales provides an opportunity to explore methodological considerations of consulting with young people on initial system design. In this chapter, we will reflect on the current child protection system and the challenges it presents when embedding participatory practices and developing CS approaches that are informed by the views of young people. Reflecting on commenced efforts to adopt a CS approach within local authorities as part of the Scale-Up Project and drawing on research into the role of participation as protection, we will discuss a number of considerations for carrying out consultative research with young people and introduce some of the emerging themes from young people who participated in the Scale-Up research areas, which, we argue, are essential for developing CS, and advocate for meaningful participatory practice in child protection systems.
Parents as partners: destigmatising the role of parents of children affected by extra-familial harm
Authors: Thornhill Lisa Marie
Published: January 2024

In England, the child protection system is based on legislation which seeks to establish if a young person has experienced significant harm. Investigations undertaken by statutory agencies focus on whether parents and carers are responsible for harm and, if they are not, whether the parents have the capacity to protect their child. However, when significant harm occurs outside the family, the system is ill-equipped to formulate an assessment of the risks and develop an appropriate plan. Parents face the potential to be held accountable for a context they have little or no control over, perhaps having their child described as being ‘beyond parental control’ and placed on a child protection plan. There is no established registration category for extra-familial harm (EFH). Parents experience the burden, fear and stigma associated with statutory services. Some parents experience their child being removed from their care and relocated. When parents are assessed as having the capacity to protect their child, there are other ethical considerations to consider: denial of access to resources and agency failure to intervene with the context in which the young person is experiencing harm. In this chapter, I explore the themes emerging from our research with parents and provide insights into promising practice, which fosters collaborative working relationships with young people, their parents and child protection professionals and moves towards more effective means of protecting young people from risk outside the family home.
Counting children and chip shops: dilemmas and challenges in evaluating the impact of Contextual Safeguarding
Authors: Lefevre Michelle , Skidmore Paula , Firmin Carlene
Published: January 2024

As an increasing number of children’s services departments and voluntary sector organisations adopt Contextual Safeguarding (CS), efforts to evaluate its impact are developing. In this chapter, we will outline three different approaches taken to evaluating contextually oriented systems and interventions and reflect upon the cultural as well as practical changes that have been required to accurately capture the different impacts of this new framework. We draw on three projects for this exploration, discussing the reasons for taking the particular approach on each occasion and some of the complexities encountered. The first study attempted to evaluate a whole-systems pilot of CS within a children’s social care department, combining standardised evaluation tools, outcome measures and qualitative inquiry to establish the extent of implementation and its impact on young people. The second sought to track the process of implementing CS and its impact on system capability (rather than on individual young people) via a system review method trialled in ten children’s services departments. The third reviewed and revised outcome measures being used by a youth justice prevention service which had been tasked with creating safety in peer groups, schools and public places associated with serious youth violence. Drawing on themes shared across these three studies, we propose core components for measuring contextual practices in the future in ways that are meaningful as well as feasible. We surface the further work that is still required, particularly in collaboration with young people, parents and their wider communities, to agree definitions and measurements for contextual safety. We close the chapter by arguing that until these developments are realised, organisations and systems will continue to struggle to implement the fourth domain of the CS framework.
Collaboration, networks and policy analysis in Thailand
Authors: Chaichakan Chatthip
Published: January 2024

In recent decades, intergovernmentalisation and government externalisation have dramatically increased, resulting in governments adapting to operate effectively within their systems. Networks and collaboration have become essential to the policy process and analysis. Policy analysts thus continuously create and employ various frameworks to extract knowledge from practices. This chapter explores the evolution of collaboration and networks concerning policy analysis in Thailand. It examines the derivation stages of two concepts: policy network and collaboration in Thailand. It traces the development of collaboration and network analysis in the country with examples from related studies that illustrate the role of different actors in policy analysis within an interactive policy ecosystem. It also discusses critiques and trends of collaboration and network analysis in Thailand, involving three issues: bridging collaboration and network analysis; the legitimisation of government actions through network and collaboration; and multisector network building with social capital and local knowledge.
Business associations and policy analysis
Authors: Chaiyapa Warathida , Chutima Vorapat
Published: January 2024

The chapter elaborates on the influence of business associations, officially and systematically, in the policy landscape in Thailand both at the national and provincial levels. It discusses business–government relations and the role of main associations in the country, especially after the establishment of the Joint Public and Private Sector Consultative Committee (JPPSCC) in 1981. This joint committee has been criticised for limiting membership to only three main business associations, namely the Thai Chamber of Commerce, the Federation of Thai Industries and the Thai Bankers’ Association. Its role has been increased in the current government under General Prayuth Chan-o-cha as elite businesses from the JPPSCC are appointed to be a special committee implementing the 20-Year National Strategy. This chapter also highlights that the Sino-Thai business conglomerates are invited to join the Pracharath scheme giving them an opportunity to determine the direction of Thailand economy and to establish so-called ‘hierarchical capitalism’.
Transition and prospects of Thai policy analysis
Authors: Poocharoen Ora-orn , Boossabong Piyapong
Published: January 2024

This chapter discusses the transition and prospects of Thai policy analysis. It highlights that policy analysis in Thailand is in an ‘in-between’ state. It is caught in the tension between old and new, conservatives and progressives. It is also caught in a limbo of democratic development. At the same time, there are signals of transitions towards a new focus on policy networks, governance and collaboration in the face of complex policy issues. This means that there will be a more deliberative orientation amidst demands for democracy and participation, and more spaces for promoting innovative policy analysis by incorporating design, future, complexity and critical thinking. It is evident that there is a rise in policy data analytics and nudging. Policy analysis in Thailand also tends to be more sectoral and area-specific and, like many other countries, it is beginning to focus more on global perspectives with increased sensitivity to a just, sustainable future.
‘They go on because they have begun’
Authors: Taylor Sebastian
Published: January 2024

There is a strikinig parallel between our belief that the environmental effects of continual economic growth can be managed through technological mitigations, and the belief that biomedical care will furnish us with endless improvement in health and lifespan. Both are confronted by a ‘limits to growth’ problem – the realisation that both pathways lead to bankruptcy at best and extinction at worst. Drawing on income and growth data since the 1960s, and using the example of Japan since 1990, this chapter argues that a different model – of slower growth and more active wealth redistribution, within and between countries – is not only possible, but necessary and, potentially, beneficial.
It's More Than Just Hair: Addressing the Cultural Needs of Black Girls in Foster Care
Authors: Dove Lakindra Mitchell
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT: This essay considers the historical and current relationship between the child welfare system and Black families and its effect on the lives of Black children, with a focus on the minimal attention that is given to their racial, ethnic, and cultural needs once placed in foster care. It explores the importance of understanding how Black foster youth navigate the experiences of racial socialization and ethnic identity. This essay specifically focuses on Black girls and through a sociohistorical overview of the importance of Black hair in America, I address the connection between socialization and hair and haircare perceptions and experiences of Black foster girls. Based on critical analysis of research that highlights the potential for unfavorable outcomes, I address the level of responsibility that the child welfare system has to Black youth and emphasize that prioritizing the cultural needs of Black youth is paramount to the development of a healthy sense of self. Finally, I call for the child welfare system to consider multiple perspectives and engage in multiple dialogues when considering how to best support Black youth in care and provide supportive conditions for them to thrive.
"They Just Handed Me Somebody's Baby": Gay Foster Parents, Children with HIV-AIDS, and the "Colorblind" Family
Authors: Kassner Nora
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT: One day in 1991, an affluent, white gay man walked into a hospital. To his surprise, he left a few hours later with a baby. Through the story of one Florida family, this essay explores the importance of the pediatric HIV-AIDS pandemic to the emergence of both state-sanctioned gay parenthood and the supposedly colorblind family politics of the 1990s. Drawing upon original oral history interviews as well as Black feminist scholarship, queer theory, and queer of color critique, this essay argues that social workers, doctors, and foster parents used daily decision-making practices to transform the meaning of family in the United States.
Freedmen Settlements of Indian Territory and Three Freedmen Community Clusters
Authors: Walton-Raji Angela
Published: January 2024

Abstract: A lot of attention has been focused on the all-Black towns in Oklahoma established two decades after the Civil War. However, missing from the story of Black life on the frontier are overlooked Freedmen communities established earlier. These were not incorporated towns but were thriving communities where enslaved people in Indian Territory lived for generations. These small yet significant settlements of Black families did not voluntarily migrate to the West from the Deep South but accompanied their Indian slaveholders during the Trail of Tears. Many lived as enslaved people until the end of the Civil War. Afterward, they lived on the edge of incorporated white or Indian towns where they formed their own Freedmen settlements, established churches, built schools, and lived vibrant lives. This essay will focus on a few of these settlements, where footprints of their presence can still be found today in old “neighborhoods” that have been absorbed into other communities.
Political Engagement for Racial Uplift in Place: The Purposive Work of Black Women Leaders of Black Towns
Authors: Slocum Karla
Published: January 2024

Abstract: In public portrayals of the history of Oklahoma’s rural Black towns, the iconic image of the towns’ political leadership is an upper middle-class Black man. Such an image has been especially reinforced by the widespread circulation of a photo, circa 1908, of Boley, Oklahoma’s town councilmen suited up in formal attire as prominent businessmen leading the town governance and deemed emblematic of Black town success. While Black women have always had critical roles in the community, it is not until the late twentieth century when they started taking on formal roles in town government as mayors. Redirecting this predominant gaze from the Black man as a Black town leader, this article examines Black women’s political participation in Black towns’ formal roles starting in the 1970s. Providing broader context, the article reveals how, by the late twentieth century, the boundaries of who counts as a formal Black town leader expanded along gender lines and also—in some cases—in terms of class. I discuss Black town women leaders of the 1970s–2000s, demonstrating how their leadership reflects a particular theme across Black women’s political engagement in Black towns: racial uplift through honoring place and community.
Public Service Professionals as Human Rights Actors: Positioning the Social Worker
Authors: Dibbets Alicia
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT: Daily decisions taken by public service professionals such as social workers may directly impact their client’s rights, especially if they are working in a law and policy context that is questionable in human rights terms. This article takes a novel approach by exploring what human rights roles are attributed to public service professionals by United Nations (UN) Treaty Bodies and UN Special Rapporteurs. The analysis reveals that the narrow conceptualization of human rights roles offered by (interpretations of) international human rights law may in fact diminish the potential of public service professionals to make a real contribution to human rights realization.
The Grammaticalization of Self and Self-World in East Mekeo: Personhood as a Closed System
Authors: Jones Alan
Published: January 2024

Relational nouns have been studied extensively, typically under the rubric of inalienable possession. Such nouns are typically bound to presupposed referents by an anaphoric morpheme indicating person and number. In Oceanic languages, one large class of relational nouns is linked contingently to nonhuman entities that are routinely specified in the utterance. However, another large class is linked noncontingently to presupposed human referents that typically need not be specified in the given utterance. In this paper, I propose that, in East Mekeo, the latter class of nouns corresponds with (and reveals to the investigator) the main parameters of the Mekeo self and its social world.
The End of Early America?
Authors: Holden Vanessa M. , Witgen Michael John
Published: January 2024

Abstract: This Forum examines and challenges the existing periodization of the field of early American history. The Forum is co-organized by Vanessa M. Holden and Michael John Witgen and features contributions from Ernesto Bassi, Andrew J. Walker, Manisha Sinha, Aisha K. Finch, Honor Sachs, Jameson R. Sweet, Malinda Maynor Lowery and Christina Snyder, Michael John Witgen, Jon Parmenter, Kariann Akemi Yokota, Kathryn Olivarius, and Greta LaFleur.
Theoretical performance of a 1.5-µm satellite-borne coherent Doppler wind lidar using a planar waveguide optical amplifier with a demonstrated figure of merit: simulation of signal detection probability, measurement precision, and bias
Authors: Yoshiki Wataru , Yanagisawa Takayuki , Kameyama Shumpei , Imaki Masaharu , Sakaizawa Daisuke
Published: January 2024

We report performance of a satellite-borne coherent Doppler wind lidar (SCDWL), which equips a planer waveguide amplifier (PWA) operating in a wavelength of 1.5 µm. The performance is defined by detection probability, measurement precision, and bias, and is characterized with a Doppler wind lidar (DWL) simulation that considers a realistic wind velocity profile, and instrumental and atmospheric parameters. Among the parameters, we carefully model those related to the PWA whose figure of merit has great impact on the performance of SCDWL and has shown rapid improvement in recent years. Moreover, we introduce three models for a backscattering coefficient (high, moderate, and low) to assess the influence from variation of atmospheric backscattering. Our simulation demonstrates that the SCDWL can work with reasonable performance for the target altitude of 6 km in the case of the high-backscattering model. The simulation also exhibits that the SCDWL can observe wind velocity at the altitude of 12 km if improved instrumental parameters or higher backscattering coefficients are considered. In addition, we reveal that non-uniform wind velocity distribution degrades the performance of the SCDWL and induces a bias between measured and real wind velocity.
Simplistic framework of single-pixel-programmable metasurfaces integrated with capsuled LED array
Authors: Li Yuxi , Wang Jiafu , Sui Sai , Zhu Ruichao , Han Yajuan , Chen Hongya , Fu Xinmin , Wang Shaojie , Feng Cunqian , Qu Shaobo
Published: January 2024

Coding metasurfaces can manipulate electromagnetic wave in real time with high degree of freedom, the fascinating properties of which enrich the metasurface design with a wide range of application prospects. However, most of the coding metasurfaces are designed based on external excitation framework with the wired electrical or wireless light control devices, thus inevitably causing the interference with electromagnetic wave transmission and increasing the complexity of the metasurface design. In this work, a simplistic framework of single-pixel-programmable metasurfaces integrated with capsuled LED array is proposed to dynamically control electromagnetic wave. The framework fully embeds the photoresistor in the meta-atom, controls LED array to directly illuminate the photoresistor to modulate the phase response. With this manner, the complex biasing network is transformed to the universal LED array, which means physical control framework can be transformed to software framework, and thus the functions of the metasurface can be freely manipulated by encoding the capsuled LED array avoiding mutual coupling of adjacent meta-atoms in real time. All the results verify that the far-field scattering pattern can be customized with this single-pixel-programmable metasurface. Encouragingly, this work provides an universal framework for coding metasurface design, which lays the foundation for metasurface intelligent perception and adaptive modulation.
Optimization of Auxiliary Biaxial Receiver to Detect Blind Zone of Pulsed Coherent Wind Lidar
Authors: Zhao Mingguang , Yu Zhibin , Wang Huaijin , Li Mengpei
Published: January 2024

The conventional pulsed monostatic coaxial coherent Doppler wind lidar (CDWL) has a blind detection zone of tens of meters, causing the loss of near-field wind field data. We propose a novel auxiliary biaxial receiver (ABR) to obtain reliable coherent signals in the blind zones by adding a receiver near the monostatic coaxial transceiver (MCT) to avoid end-face reflections and tailing effects of laser pulses. A specific model of multiple aperture coherent wind detection is established for the ABR system without blind zone problem (BZP). The numerical simulations demonstrate that the biaxial receiver with reasonable design can meet the detection needs of the entire range of the blind zone. By using an ABR with a smaller focal length under appropriate transceiver pointing and general pointing accuracy, the BZP can be solved. The study also exhaustively obtained all parameter combinations that can solve the near-field BZP for a specific system. The results provide a new idea and engineering design guidance for the optical system design of pulsed CDWL without BZP.
Phase noise of an electro-optical phase modulator based electro-optical comb
Authors: Krause Benedikt , Lavric Andrej , Tebart Jonas , Stohr Andreas , Preu Sascha
Published: January 2024

Photonic millimeter wave and terahertz frequency generation and detection benefit from a large tunability of several octaves as opposed to electronic frequency generation and multiplication. However, reaching multiple 100GHz continuous tuning range while simultaneously featuring a linewidth in the Hz range and low phase noise is still very challenging. We present an electro-optical comb driving a photomixer with potential usability as an extension module based on side-band generation by an electro-optical phase modulator. This enables a Hz-level linewidth from microwaves to terahertz frequencies. We discuss the working principle of the mentioned electro-optical comb, characterize the phase noise of the optical subsystem up to frequencies of 40GHz where electronic phase noise analyzers are available and draw conclusions on the phase noise at higher frequencies in the THz domain.
Wireless Vital Monitoring for Sleep
Authors: Hu Manchen , Yang Shubo , Wu Yi-Ting
Published: January 2024

The significance of sleep quality has drawn substantial attention, given its direct impact on daily functioning and long-term well-being. Two key vitals for sleep monitoring are breathing and heartbeats. In this paper, we present an approach to wireless monitoring sleep using Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar technology. We explore the utilization of both Infineon Position2Go (24GHz) and Texas Instruments IWR 6843 (60GHz) sensors to detect and analyze vital signs - breathing and heart rates. Our method em- ploys different signal processing techniques like Range FFT, phase unwrapping, and selective bandpass filtering. We address some key challenges in high-frequency radar signals and demonstrate how optimized configurations enhance the reliability of vital signs detection. The findings reveal significant insights for sleep health monitoring, paving the way for non-contact, real-time health track- ing, and comprehensive sleep analysis.
Tunable Quasi Bound States in the Continuum with High Q factor using Magneto-Optical Metasurface
Authors: Huang Lingling , Yao Enxu , Su Zhaoxian , Zhou Chen , Zhao Ruizhe , Wang Yongtian
Published: January 2024

The electromagnetic field enhancement caused by high Q factor resonance can greatly contribute to the magneto-optical Kerr effect of nanophotonic devices. Here we propose a magneto-optical metasurface supporting quasi bound states in the continuum (quasi-BIC) and theoretically investigate the evolution process from BIC to quasi-BIC. By applying external magnetic field, the BIC in our proposed metasurface can transform into quasi-BIC with finite Q factor up to 33620. Meanwhile, the polarization singularity of the quasi-BIC can be tuned by different magnetization directions, based on different time-reversal symmetry breaking phenomena in magneto-optical material under alternating magnetic field. The quasi-BIC in our magneto-optical metasurface keeps Fano reflection peak in parameter sweep, maintaining 99.99% reflection and almost zero absorption. Our results enrich the light control mechanisms of magneto-optical metasurface, and provide a unique opportunity for promising future applications requiring tunability and high Q factors, such as sensing, laser source and filtering.
Frequency-comb-linearized, widely tunable lasers for coherent ranging
Authors: Shi Baoqi , Luo Yi-Han , Sun Wei , Hu Yue , Long Jinbao , Bai Xue , Wang Anting , Liu Junqiu
Published: January 2024

Tunable lasers, with the ability to continuously vary their emission wavelengths, have found widespread applications across various fields such as biomedical imaging, coherent ranging, optical communications, and spectroscopy. In these applications, a wide chirp range is advantageous for large spectral coverage and high frequency resolution. Besides, the frequency accuracy and precision also depend critically on the chirp linearity of the laser. While extensive efforts have been made on the development of many kinds of frequency-agile, widely tunable, narrow-linewidth lasers, wideband yet precise methods to characterize and linearize laser chirp dynamics are also demanded. Here we present an approach to characterize laser chirp dynamics using an optical frequency comb. The instantaneous laser frequency is tracked over terahertz bandwidth at 1 MHz intervals. Using this approach we calibrate the chirp performance of 12 tunable lasers from Toptica, Santec, New Focus, EXFO, and NKT that are commonly used in fiber optics and integrated photonics. In addition, with acquired knowledge of laser chirp dynamics, we demonstrate a simple frequency-linearization scheme that enables coherent ranging without any optical or electronic linearization unit. Our approach not only presents novel wideband, high-resolution laser spectroscopy, but is also critical for sensing applications with ever-increasing requirements on performance.
Artificial intelligence in fracture detection with different image modalities and data types: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jung Jongyun , Dai Jingyuan , Liu Bowen , Wu Qing
Published: January 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI), encompassing Machine Learning and Deep Learning, has increasingly been applied to fracture detection using diverse imaging modalities and data types. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of AI in detecting fractures through various imaging modalities and data types (image, tabular, or both) and to synthesize the existing evidence related to AI-based fracture detection. Peer-reviewed studies developing and validating AI for fracture detection were identified through searches in multiple electronic databases without time limitations. A hierarchical meta-analysis model was used to calculate pooled sensitivity and specificity. A diagnostic accuracy quality assessment was performed to evaluate bias and applicability. Of the 66 eligible studies, 54 identified fractures using imaging-related data, nine using tabular data, and three using both. Vertebral fractures were the most common outcome (n = 20), followed by hip fractures (n = 18). Hip fractures exhibited the highest pooled sensitivity (92%; 95% CI: 87–96, p< 0.01) and specificity (90%; 95% CI: 85–93, p< 0.01). Pooled sensitivity and specificity using image data (92%; 95% CI: 90–94, p< 0.01; and 91%; 95% CI: 88–93, p < 0.01) were higher than those using tabular data (81%; 95% CI: 77–85, p< 0.01; and 83%; 95% CI: 76–88, p < 0.01), respectively. Radiographs demonstrated the highest pooled sensitivity (94%; 95% CI: 90–96, p < 0.01) and specificity (92%; 95% CI: 89–94, p< 0.01). Patient selection and reference standards were major concerns in assessing diagnostic accuracy for bias and applicability. AI displays high diagnostic accuracy for various fracture outcomes, indicating potential utility in healthcare systems for fracture diagnosis. However, enhanced transparency in reporting and adherence to standardized guidelines are necessary to improve the clinical applicability of AI.

Review Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42021240359).
Study on the preparation and enzyme inhibitory activity of polyphenols from Sargassum pallidum
Authors: Jiang Haiyun , Kong Li , Tang Hongguang , Wang Zhenzhen , Liu Caiping , Zhang Jianhui , Chen Yuxin , Shen Jinyang , Zhou Yue
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to obtain a high yield and purity of Sargassum pallidum polyphenol extracts (SPPE) and study its enzyme activity. Fresh Sargassum pallidum seaweed was selected for optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions and purification conditions using macroporous resin and Sephadex LH20 to obtain SPPE. The SPPE was characterized using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and α-amylase, α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, and AchE inhibitory activity were determined. The maximum extraction rate of SPPE was 7.56 mg GAE/g and the polyphenol purity reached 70.5% after macroporous resin and Sephadex LH-20 purification. A total of 50 compounds were identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. The IC50 values of SPPE were 334.9 μg/mL, 6.290 μg /mL, 0.834 mg /mL and 0.6538 mg /mL for α-amylase, α-glucosidase, tyrosinase and AchE, respectively. Molecular docking technology further revealed the effects of SPPE on the above enzymes. This study provided information on the potential hypoglycemic, whitening and anti-Alzheimer’s disease biological activities of SPPE, which had guiding significance for the purification and development of other seaweed polyphenols.
Clinical Uncertainty in Large Vessel Occlusion ischemic stroke (CULVO): Does automated perfusion scanning make a difference? Protocol of an intrarater and interrater agreement study
Authors: Diestro Jose Danilo Bengzon , Fahed Robert , Benomar Anass , Omar Abdelsimar T. , Pereira Vitor Mendes , Spears Julian , Marotta Thomas R. , Djiadeu Pascal , Sharma Sunjay , Farrokhyar Forough
Published: January 2024

Background

Guidelines recommend the use of perfusion computed tomography (CT) to identify emergent large vessel ischemic stroke (ELVIS) patients who are likely to benefit from endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) if they present within 6–24 hour (late window) of stroke onset. We aim to determine if the interrater and intrarater reliability among physicians when recommending EVT is significantly different when perfusion CT or non-perfusion CT is reviewed.

Methods

A total of 30 non-consecutive patients will be selected from our institutional database comprising 3144 cranial CT scans performed for acute stroke symptoms January 2018 to August 2022. The clinical and radiologic data of the 30 patients will be presented in random order to a group of 29 physicians in two separate sessions at least three weeks apart. In each session, the physicians will evaluate each patient once with automated perfusion images and once without. We will use non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals and difference in agreement classification as criteria to suggest a difference between the Gwet AC1 statistics (κG).

Discussion

The results obtained from this study, combined with the clinical outcomes data of patients categorized through the two imaging techniques and a cost-effectiveness analysis, will offer a comprehensive evaluation of the clinical utility of perfusion CT neuroimaging. Should there be no significant disparity in the reliability of decisions made by clinicians using the two neuroimaging protocols, it may be necessary to revise existing recommendations regarding neuroimaging in the later time window to align with these findings.
Analyst coverage and manufacturing enterprise green transition: An empirical study based on Chinese enterprises
Authors: Leng Jianfei , Hu Jianqin
Published: January 2024

This study used the entropy weight method to develop an index of green transition and empirically examined the influence of analyst coverage on green transitions by manufacturing enterprises in China. We examined A-share listed manufacturing firms from 2010–2020, using patent data, media reports from Chinese Research Data Services, and other data from the Cathay Capital Database. After excluding cases with missing data, our final sample comprised 16,576 observations. The following conclusions were drawn. First, analyst coverage significantly contributed to green transition. Second, the analysis of the impact mechanism showed that improving information transparency, weakening principal-agent conflict, and increasing environmental legitimacy pressure are the paths through which analyst coverage affects manufacturing’s corporate green transition. Third, the effect of analyst coverage was stronger for large-scale and state-owned manufacturing companies.
Estructuras discursivas de los programas de prevención del bullying en España (1997-2017)
Authors: García Navarro Rosa María , Guillamón Ayala Jesús Adolfo , Martínez Pérez Beatriz
Published: January 2024

El fenómeno del maltrato entre iguales o bullying, lejos de disminuir, cada vez tiene un mayor impacto y repercusión social, menoscabando tanto a los escolares que lo padecen, como a los agresores y observadores inmersos en dicha problemática, y en conjunto, a toda la comunidad educativa: profesores, familias y alumnos. Catalogarlo como un reflejo de lo que sucede en la sociedad, ha ocasionado que esta problemática haya ido adquiriendo un mayor interés en los últimos años. Lo que se ha concretado, en el desarrollo por todo el territorio español, de programas e iniciativas de prevención de la violencia priorizando la convivencia. En este artículo, se analizan los principales programas de prevención del bullying elaborados en España en dos décadas (1997-2017), a través de una revisión sobre su estructura discursiva, estudiando sus similitudes o discrepancias. Los primeros resultados apuntan, entre otras cuestiones, la necesidad de que los programas aborden con mayor profundidad las interacciones de todos los agentes de la comunidad educativa (profesorado, alumnado, familia y comunidad) frente al bullying, contribuyendo a transmitir un posicionamiento unitario de todo el sistema educativo contra esta forma de violencia.
Los posibles sí mismos en la adolescencia y su relación con las experiencias de disfrute y realización personal
Authors: Molina María Fernanda , Malvestiti Mayra Yamila , Pellegrino María Rosario , Moritán Pamela Laura
Published: January 2024

Los contextos y relaciones de los que forman parte los/as adolescentes tienen una fuerte influencia en la forma en que se imaginan a sí mismos en el futuro (posibles sí mismos, PSs). Las actividades que realizan los/as jóvenes son uno de los entornos más relevantes de los que participan. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la relación entre las experiencias positivas en las actividades de disfrute y los PSs de los/as adolescentes. Participaron 276 adolescentes de ambos sexos (mujeres = 61.6%, edad Medad = 15.32; SD = 1.31) que asistían a escuelas de enseñanza media del Área Metropolitana Bonaerense. Para estudiar el contenido de los PSs se analizaron los PSs deseados y temidos generados espontáneamente por los/as adolescentes en el Cuestionario de Posibles Sí Mismos. Se efectuó un análisis de contenido temático de las respuestas y se estimó el porcentaje de sujetos que mencionó cada categoría. Para medir la valencia de los PSs (i.e., la probabilidad percibida de tener PSs positivos después de terminar el secundario) se utilizó la Escala de Percepción de Sí Mismo en el Futuro. Para conocer las experiencias en las actividades de disfrute se utilizaron la Escala de Disfrute en la Actividad y la Escala de Sentido de Realización Personal. Para conocer la relación entre las experiencias de disfrute y las características de los PSs de los adolescentes se realizaron pruebas t de Student, regresiones logísticas binarias, correlaciones de Pearson y regresiones. Se controló el efecto del género en las relaciones estudiadas. Se encontró que las actividades de disfrute se relacionan con el contenido, valencia y diversidad de los PSs. Asimismo, el afecto positivo fue el tipo de experiencia en la actividad con mayor asociación con los PSs. Estos resultados permiten pensar nuevas formas de intervenir. Principalmente, es importante impulsar a los/as adolescentes a encontrar aquellas actividades que les brindan experiencias de disfrute, así como también promover el disfrute en las actividades en las que suelen participar.
Bolstering Student Writing Through a Reading-to-Critique and Reading-to-Synthesize Approach
Authors: Altalouli Mahmoud , Bentahar Adil
Published: January 2024

The authors elucidate two key components of the reading-to-write process—critique and outlining. The researchers, who are also classroom teachers, qualitatively examined the perspectives of undergraduate and graduate students on these instructional approaches in two IEPs. Findings from the study reiterate the key role of explicit and scaffolded instruction during literature review and synthesis paper writing.
Intestinal ganglioneuromatosis as an early extra-endocrine manifestation of type 2B multiple endocrine neoplasia
Authors: Averianova J. V. , Kalinchenko N. Y. , Brovin D. N. , Petryaykina E. E. , Tiulpakov A. N.
Published: January 2024

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN 2B) is a rare variant of hereditary tumor syndromes caused by germinal mutations in the proto-oncogene RET. One of the components of the syndrome is multiple neurinomas, the early detection of  which is not always given due attention. We present a description of the case of MEN 2B, manifested in the first months of life by intestinal ganglioneuromatosis. The disease presented with chronic constipation, including episodes of intestinal obstruction that required repeated surgical interventions. MEN 2B was suspected at the age of 15. At the time of diagnosis, an increase in serum calcitonin levels was noted (1041 pg/ml, norm <9.5 pg/ml), and a node in the thyroid gland was also determined (1,3*1,0*1,2 see, TIRADS 5), subsequently verified as a neoplasm of C-cells. By DNA analysis, a pathogenic variant p.Met918Thr, typical for MEN2 B, was detected in the RET gene. No signs of pheochromocytoma were found at the time of investigation. The patient underwent a thyroidectomy with lymphadenectomy. The difficulties of early diagnosis of sporadic cases of MEN 2B due to the nonspecificity of gastrointestinal manifestations of the disease are discussed.
Graphical representation of a real valued function in the interval where it gives imaginary value
Authors: Md. Mizanur Rahman
Published: January 2024

We are introduced to the graph of a real valued function . But when values of  are imaginary numbers at some points of real axis, we have no graphical representation of the function at those points. This article demonstrates a model where we construct a 3D graph of the function at those points where values of the function are imaginary numbers.
Flood exposure assessment in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: M .Menegbo Emmanuel , J. Emengini Ebele
Published: January 2024

The primary procedure in emergency response and disaster risk management is identifying the scope of a natural hazard, such as determining regions at high risk. After this, exposure mapping helps estimate the disaster's potential impact - for instance, determining the number of possible people or facilities affected. Employing Earth Observation (EO) data gathered from satellites is commonly used to map areas with a high susceptibility to natural disasters. The purpose of this work was to evaluate flood exposure in Rivers State. The objectives included assessing the probable effects on local and urban settlement, and establishing the magnitude of damage on farmland. The research leverages multiple data sources, including Globalland 30, Global Human Settlement Population Layer. Quantum GIS played a significant role in assessing the vulnerability and exposure scale of both people and farmlands to flood risks. The primary analyses conducted involved zonal statistics and overlaps analysis. The study shows an estimated 161,537 people are impacted by this exposure. The flooding affects farmlands that cover approximately 5,591 hectares. Furthermore, estimated urban-rural area impacted by flooding is around 29,775,178 square meters, or 2,978 hectares This is executed largely for risk management or emergency response after events like floods, wind storms or landslides. For managing risks prior to a disaster, it's crucial to compare varying damage models with the corresponding exposure, delivering a comprehensive outlook on potential impacts.
Wittgenstein, Language, and the Trinity
Authors: Floyd Graham
Published: January 2024

Theistic religions differ in their conceptions of the nature of God. One philosophical-theological position, the Christian Trinity, stands out as unique amongst theistic religions. If such a position were demonstrated, it would significantly narrow the philosophical-theological gap in discussions of God’s nature. I proposed that such an argument in favor of the Christian Trinity can be found in Wittgenstein’s philosophy of language. It is argued that language is an essentially social phenomenon and that God is a language user requiring God to be an essentially social being. As a result, either polytheism or the Christian Trinity is true. I argue that this divine social nature is best explained by the Christian Trinity.
The Relationship between Family Support and Self-care in Stroke Patient
Authors:   Setyoadi, RN, M.Kep., Sp.Kep.Kom.1
Published: January 2024

Background: Stroke is caused by a disruption in blood flow to the brain. Some people die from a stroke, while others are left with disabilities that reduce their self-care, requiring assistance from others to meet their daily needs. The family becomes a crucial source of support when a patient is at home. Purpose: This study examines the correlation between family support and self-care in stroke patients. Methods: The study employed an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The samples included families and stroke patients. Samples were selected using non-probability purposive sampling, with a sample size of 75 for each group. The instruments used for data collection were the Family Support Questionnaire and the Barthel Index Questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive analysis and Spearman’s rank test. Results: The characteristics of stroke patients indicate an average age of 52 years, with an average time since suffering a stroke being 4.1 months. The gender distribution among patients is nearly equal. Family caregivers, with an average age of 43 years, also show a balanced gender distribution and the majority (49.3%) are partners. Concerning the support received from family caregivers, patients commonly receive emotional support, appreciation support and instrumental support. The analysis revealed a Spearman’s correlation coefficient of p < 0.05 between family support and self-care. Conclusion: This study illustrates the importance of family support in helping improve self-care for patients with stroke undergoing outpatient care and receiving home care from family caregivers. Implications for Nursing: Discharge planning for stroke patients receiving outpatient care needs to highlight the significance of family competence in assisting with home care to enhance patient self-care.
The Effect of Preschool Teachers' Emotion Regulation Skills and Levels of Cognitive Flexibility on Classroom Management
Authors: Soydan Sema , Akalın Nihal , Korkmaz Aysel
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of emotion regulation skills and cognitive flexibility levels on preschool teachers' choice of classroom management strategies. 211 preschool teachers participate in the research, which uses the relational survey model, one of the quantitative research methods. Emotion Regulation Difficulty Scale, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, Classroom Management Strategies Scale are used in the research. As a result of the research, it is determined that preschool teachers' emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility levels are high and that they can control their emotions better when their professional experience increases and that the cognitive flexibility of experienced ones who are new to the profession is better. In addition, it is seen that preventive and problem-oriented strategies are at a high level in classroom management and that their supportive strategies are at a moderate level. In addition, it is determined that awareness levels from emotion regulation difficulties and control levels from cognitive flexibility are effective on supportive and problem-oriented classroom management strategies, but not on preventive strategies.
Academic Reading in Graduate Students: Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: BOYLU Emrah , KARAGÖL Efecan , ÇEVİK Arzu
Published: January 2024

The aim of the study is to determine the academic reading experiences of graduate students of Turkish education. The study's data is provided in the context of the principles of the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) method. The information has been collected through depth IMterview with 20 students who have studied postgraduate in Turkish education at different universities and determined by the criterion-sampling approach. The context analysis principles have been used to analyze the data.  There is evidence that graduate students favor reading academic articles and theses.  The project and evaluation essays have been taken out of this class.  Additionally, they searched the findings, discussion, and conclusion parts of academic literature for important information.  They used this material by quoting, highlighting, marking, recording, taking notes, and crafting their phrases to represent it.  However, it has been shown that students struggle with issues including reading various academic sources, identifying important information, comprehending academic language, and synthesizing data from several sources.  In this context, in order for students to have academic reading skills at the graduate level, academic reading courses should be offered at the master's level and advanced academic reading courses should be offered at the doctoral level.