bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Food Poverty States (FPS) in Pakistan
Authors: Bint-e-Ajaz Maryyam , Ahmad Iftikhar
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: Food security is one of the major issues facing developing nations like Pakistan. This study made an effort to investigate the key factors that influence various levels of food poverty.
Methodology: Various states of household food poverty are calculated by integrating the two measures of food security, per capita food expenditures (Food Exp) and average dietary energy consumption (ADEC), which represent food affordability or availability and accessibility respectively. The combined two indicators can be further categorized into four possible states of food insecurity, including food security (on the base of both indicators), food insecurity on the base of only food expenditure, food insecurity on the base of only ADEC, and total food insecurity (on the base of both indicators). HIES data for 2018–19.is used by incorporating a multinomial logit model to conduct the empirical investigation.
Findings: Empirical findings are likely to verify the presence of various states of food poverty/food insecurity issues that need to address properly. The empirics also show how the impacts of household socioeconomic characteristics vary considerably among the various food poverty states defined for the investigation.
Conclusion: It is concluded in order to ensure human wellbeing and to plan food security strategies to address this hot issue, it is crucial to understand the causes of household food poverty states.
Academic Social Media Usage, Psycho-Behavioral Responses and Academic Performance in University Students during COVID-19
Authors: Jalal Sheema , Tariq Omama
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This study aimed to examine the effects of social media use on academic performance and psycho-behavioural responses in university students during COVID-19. According to the study, there is a strong link between academic social media use, psycho-behavioral responses, and academic performance. It was also proposed that academic social media use and psycho-behavioural response could forecast academic success. The study also forecasted gender disparities in academic performance, psycho-behavioural responses, and social media use.
Methodology: In the two government universities in Lahore, 200 students (113 females and 87 males) were polled, using purposive sampling and a quantitative correlation study design. A demographic information sheet, consent form, student learning behaviour scale (Abbas et al., 2019), social networking usage scale (Gupta & Bashir, 2018), and a depression, anxiety, and stress scale (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) were all included in the questionnaire. The data were examined using Pearson correlation, independent t-tests, and moderation regression analysis. 
Findings: The study found a negative correlation between academic social media usage and performance among university students. It was found that university students' academic performance during COVID-19 was negatively impacted by their use of academic social media. Significant gender-based disparities in psychological reactions like stress, anxiety, and academic performance were also discovered by the study.
Conclusion: These findings can benefit students in making better academic use of social media and aid instructors in better understanding the factors affecting student success.
Internal Marketing and Intention to Quit: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment
Authors: Rashid Amer , Gul Faid
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This paper aimed to study the impact of internal marketing  (IM) on employee’s intention to quit (IQ) with the mediating role of organizational commitment (OC).
Methodology: Using data of 387 employees of private Banking Sector of Pakistan, the hypotheses of the study were tested using AMOS software. Correlation and regression analysis were used to test the direct and mediating relation between different variables of the study.
Findings: The results found that IM negatively affects employee’s IQ. Similarly, OC also has a negative effect on employee’s IQ.  The mediation results showed that OC significantly mediated the relation between IM and IQ. Managers can utalize these results to mitigate employee’s IQ in their respective organizations. Policy makers need to pay attention to improve their IM practices but also need to create an environment to develop OC in their employees to retain good employees. These findings were extracted from the data collected from the banking sector; however, these findings can also be generalized to other organizations/ sectors.
Conclusion: It is concluded from the results of this study that IM practices result in improving employees’ OC which ultimately reduces the employees’ IQ. Therefore, top management can focus on improving the employees’ OC to mitigate employees’ turnover, retain valuable employees and thus reduce the cost of hiring and training new employees.
Discursive Construction of Lionel Messi as a Legend; A Critical Discourse Analysis of FIFA World Cup 2022 Media Commentary
Authors: Naeem Waqasia , Mewati Muhammad Ibrar Nafees , Saeed Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The study aims to explore the discursive construction of Lionel Messi as a great player during the FIFA world cup 2022. The data selected for this study are the matches played by Argentina in FIFA world cup 2022 which are seven in total.
Methodology: Discourse-Historical Approach of Wodack (2001) has been used as an analytical framework which works in three dimensions e.g., specific contents, discursive strategies and linguistic means are examined as types. The commentary has been analyzed with the theme of the identity construction of Lionel Messi as a GOAT (Greatest of all time).
Findings: The findings are that the commentators have called Messi during the match with different nouns which are used for heroes who lead from the front to remain triumphant. These nouns are equipped with adjectives which make them more meaningful and descriptive. The lexical choices are also very descriptive as well. The verbs used by the commentators show that Messi is a triumphant fighter and winning the battle like a restored hero. These verbs show the importance of his performance for his nation and country. Adverbs are used to define the verbs more explicitly. Adverbs remind the context of the struggle which Messi had been doing over the past years for this crowning moment. The linguistic devices employed by the commentators are highly important as the number of followers following Messi on social media has increased to a very high level. On Instagram, Messi has broken the record of most likes ever in history.
Conclusion: The study concludes that the language of commentators leaves a great impact on the viewers when the listen about the favorite players from the commentators. The commentators use linguistic features to portray the players as legends.
Exploring Educational Policies of Pakistan for Media Information Literacy
Authors: Naseer Moazzam , Bibi Tahira , Aziz Sadia
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The rapid evolution of new media technologies worldwide has presented challenges for policymakers, regulators, and educators who must adapt to emerging media in all disciplines. In response, states have developed policies to keep pace with the needs and requirements of the younger generation. National Education Policies of Pakistan had been formulated keeping in view the decade ahead needs and requirements of the young generation. Curriculums are designed keeping in view the aims and objectives of National Education Policy and implemented across country through four Provincial text and curriculum boards of Pakistan. However, despite the careful design of these policies, many parents lack trust in the curriculum taught at public schools in Pakistan. The purpose of this study is to explore the extent to which media and information literacy (MIL) has been incorporated into the National Education Policies of Pakistan.
Methodology: A qualitative approach was utilized to conduct this research, specifically employing descriptive Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to analyze the content of the National Educational Policies.
Findings: Previous literature has shown that MIL was not mentioned in education policies before 1999. Using Critical Discourse Analysis, of the Educational Policies of 1999, 2009 and 2017 the study revealed that MIL is not well-articulated in the National Education Policies of Pakistan. While some aspects of information literacy have been included, the overall policies are insufficient with respect to MIL. To address this gap, there is a need for updating the National Education Policies with the latest discussions of MIL and UNESCO standards.
Conclusion: It is crucial to ensure that the younger generation is equipped with the necessary skills to navigate and critically evaluate the vast amounts of information available through new media technologies. Therefore, policymakers, regulators, and educators must work together to develop policies that promote MIL and integrate it effectively into the curriculum of public schools in Pakistan.
UTAS’ Students Performance in Writing Formal Emails at Post-Foundation Level: A Comparison between Structured and Unstructured Teaching Method
Authors: Khattak Zafar Iqbal , Jahanzeb Ahmar
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The study aimed at finding out the levels of efficacy of two ways of teaching formal email writing: structured and unstructured methods. The study analyzed email responses of two groups of fifteen students each, studying at University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Al-Musannah Campus. These students were taught email writing via two different ways: structured and unstructured email writing. The students’ responses to prompt emails in their midterm exams were considered as the data for the study.
Methodology: The content of the collected data was qualitatively analyzed for themes like task completion, content, tone and sentiment, language and formality, and innovation and improvisation.
Findings: The analysis of the data suggests that structured method of teaching email writing is more efficient for the students in the university.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the structured method of email writing is a better option for the students studying at UTAS, Sultanate of Oman, compared to the unstructured method, and should be followed by the teachers in similar contexts.
Reclaiming Traditional Textile Heritage of Pakistan
Authors: Mubashra Asna
Published: December 2024

Study Background: Traditional heritage associates with manifestation of handing over or passing on, these are culturally significant ideas, and specific practices which are preserved over a long period of time. Designs of traditional textiles are links between people and regional arts; they are reflections of art movements as well as notions of human stages of development. Knowledge of textile heritage is directly involved in the re-birth of the cultural awareness of region.
Aim of the Study: The paper aims to compile the tremendous heritage of traditional textiles of Pakistan.
Methodology: The documented traditional textiles of various techniques are gathered here as result of extensive literature review. Pakistan has been a country with rich textile heritage emerging from various faiths which are reflected in the expression of regional folk textiles.. The rich heritage of Pakistan’s textile craft has evolved over a long period of 5000 years.
Findings & Conclusion: Pakistan has been a country with rich textile heritage emerging from various faiths which are reflected in the expression of regional folk textiles. The rich heritage of Pakistan’s textile craft has evolved over a long period of 5000 years. In this land, the traditional textile artisans of the Punjab, Sindh, Pakhtonkhwah, Balochistan and Kashmir have been pursuing their skills, as they have done for generations. Admitting diverse craft heritage of distinctive regions of Pakistan, this paper tends to reclaim textile heritage nurtured here.
Using Questioning Method to Unlock Skills of Critical Thinking, Creative Thinking and Enhanced Performances in Social Studies Classrooms in Nigerian Schools
Authors: Ekiugbo Uche Ken Emoefe
Published: December 2024

Aim of the study: This study examined the effect of using questions to unlock skills of critical thinking and creative thinking and enhanced performances in social studies classroom in Nigeria schools. The two schools used for this study were located in two different States in Ekiti and Ondo State.
Methodology: The sample included fifty males and fifty female pupils whose ages were between six and eleven years, a total number of one hundred pupils were randomly selected as sample for this study. The parallel or equivalent technique was used to distribute fifty into the experimental and fifty into the control group for each group, a total of 25 males and 25 female pupils constituted the target group. A total number of 100 copies of achievement multiple choice test was administered on the pupils as pretest before commencement of the study, rearranged and used as post-test after six weeks of intensive coaching of the experimental and control groups by the researcher and two research assistants respectively.
Findings: The findings of the study revealed that there was significant difference between the pupils in the experimental group and those in the control group in terms of their performance in the test administered after treatment, but not prior to treatment. Equally, the study revealed that gender has a significant effect on the performance of male and female pupils in social studies.
Conclusion: It is recommended that teachers of social studies at primary school level should be compliant with the modern trend recognizing the pupil’s factor as the starting point for the teaching and implementation of the curriculum. Teachers should modify their methodology to accommodate the role of questioning which despite proven benefits has been remarkably reduced in the classroom.
Application of Agreement Indices in Investigating the Multifarious Aspects of Purdah (Veil) in the Modern-day Scenario
Authors: Imran  , Ahmed Zubair , Jabeen Irum
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: Since long the concept of Purdah is in practice in the Muslim world as well as other cultures. The nature and observance of Purdah may vary concerning time and space in the context of different socio-cultural understandings and preferences. Here, the researchers investigated the different aspects related to the concept of Purdah and its observance in Pakhtun culture district in Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Methodology: For the very purpose, the information was obtained from the community having diverse backgrounds like lawyers, politicians, intellectuals, community leaders, and literary persons. Their responses were analyzed via a quantitative research approach.
Findings and Conclusion: The study findings revealed that Purdah is both a social and religious obligation in Pakhtun society. The practice of Purdah is also attributed to the subjugation and segregation of women from mainstream society. Due to the waves of modernization, the form of veiling has been altered to a greater extent. It has also been noticed that Purdah is also practiced for the sake of fashion. On the other hand, they perceive it as a source of empowerment for females.
Exploring the Landscape of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT): Unveiling ESL Teachers' Perspectives
Authors: Ilyas Aisha , Jabeen Mehak , Asgher Tahira
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The current study is centered on exploring the perceptions of the ESL teachers regarding the implementation of Task-Based language teaching in ESL classrooms.
Methodology: This study holds a quantitative research design. The participants of the study consisted of 50 ESL Teachers. Researchers used a close-ended questionnaire to explore the perceptions of teachers about TBLT in ESL classes as well as the difficulties and obstacles teachers encountered while teaching by using the said approach.
Findings and Conclusion: Findings show that TBLT promotes natural learning, generates students’ intrinsic motivation, and develops language skill development that can lead the students to accelerate their communicative competence.
Religious Culture and Agency: Exploring the Impact of the Majlis on Shi’a Women Community in Islamabad, Pakistan
Authors: Hasnain Fatima , Khan Shaheer Ellahi , Hassan Momna
Published: December 2024

This study explores how religious culture impacts the lifestyle and identities of Shi’a Muslim women in a particular sector of Islamabad, Pakistan. The current research explores the ritualistic activities of the respondent group and their impact on women's empowerment and agency, hence contributing to triggering a ripple effect in exploring the rituals and experiences of the Shi’a communities at a broader level. Using Theodore Roosevelt Malloch’s theory, this research revealed that their faith-based activities have significantly contributed to empowering them at communal as well as individual levels. The existing spiritual capital nourished their social and human capitals, making them agents of freedom and empowerment. Their commitment to ritualistic activities played an essential role in empowerment, contributing to the development of faith-based economies and faith-based skills. The respondents of this study reported various forms of skills and abilities that they earned through their spiritual capital–hence, the study concluded that human and social capitals were complemented by the spiritual capital of Shi’a women of the G-11 community.
Exploring the Impact of TV Talk Shows on Political and Social Information
Authors: Ijaz Mehreen
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The current study aimed at investigating the perceptions of a professional adult regarding TV talk shows and their impact on acquiring political and social information.
Methodology: An extensive interview with the participant was conducted using a qualitative methodology in order to get informative data.
Findings: The participant displayed regular viewing of TV discussion shows and expressed a higher level of awareness regarding them. The study revealed that the participant regarded these shows as highly significant for learning about political and social issues. These findings highlight the participant's conscious engagement with TV talk shows and their recognition of the importance of these shows in their pursuit of political and social knowledge.
Conclusion: The study contributes to a deeper understanding of how professionals perceive and utilize TV talk shows as a means of information gathering and continuous learning. The knowledge gathered from this study could help researchers, policymakers, and media professionals create and provide TV talk show material that efficiently satisfies the informational requirements of experts and a wider audience.
Feudal and Cultural Convergence and Divergence in ‘Pirani’ by Jamal Abro
Authors: Laghari Raheela Hameed , Robab Mahwish , Lodhi Muhammad Arfan , Fiaz Saima
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The aim of this research is to highlight the different cultures of the society especially Sindh. The research claims that multiculturalism is the beauty of the society and every individual is important and unique. The rituals, customs, traditions of Sindh province have been highlighted in the society. The issues which the author has raised in all the short stories are true depiction of real culture. He tried to make people realize that every culture has its own importance. The social issues like discrimination, poverty and hunger, class and status, inequality and injustice, gender discrimination are significant in Pirani.
Methodology: This critique adopted exploratory research framework. The data collected and analyzed for this study was qualitative in its nature and scope. 10 stories from Pirani were taken as the sample of the study by applying typical and critical case sampling strategy.
Findings: The findings of the study revealed that the traces of the cultural diversity are present and evident in text Pirani. Multivariate traces of cultural diversity are substantially explored and beautifully discussed in the kaleidoscopic by Abro (2017).
Conclusion: The summative discussions in the light of the findings obtained in this study indicate that Abro illustrates multifaceted cultural disparity and radicalization in his stories with specific viewpoint of Sindhi culture.
An Assessment of Students’ Performance According to their Learning Styles at A/O Level
Authors: Parvez Naveera , Kalsoom Tahira , Zawar Shiza
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This research aims to determine how students' learning preferences affect their academic achievement in private sector schools. The learning styles of the students were analyzed, interpreted, and their performance was evaluated using Test of Honey & Mumford's learning type Questionnaire.
Methodology: The pupils attending private sector schools were the intended audience. Students were given various activity work sheets to complete, and their performance on each activity was graded based on their final results. A total of 200 pupils from private sector schools in Lahore were included in the study, which was conducted on O/A level students. The IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis, which included both descriptive and inferential statistics (ANOVA, Correlation, and Regression).
Findings and Conclusion: The study's analysis, interpretations, and findings can be used to help teachers become more knowledgeable about their students and assist them in creating lesson plans and activities that are tailored to the needs of their students. The results demonstrate that learning styles have a positive significant impact on students' performance and achievement.
Effects of Covid-19(OBESITY): Result of Imbalance Nutrition and Physical Inactivity during Covid-19(Athletes and Non-Athletes)
Authors: Gill Sajjad Ali , Bilal Muhammad , Akhtar Muhammad Saleem
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The present research discovers the penalties of Covid-19 for health syndromes, particularly obesity as it has been effected by out of proportion diet. It is not only concerned with a wholly to imbalanced diet, athletic performance, socialism, and restless daily life activity.
Methodology: A survey was conducted on the Lahore population (colleges and Universities) with a targeted sampling method utilized with 150, 150 males and females aged 18-40 age group respectively. A total of twenty-five (25) self-made questionnaires were circulated through social media, Whatsapp, email, and other helpful software for data collection and established responses (N=200) through questionnaires.
Findings: The values tested at 5% and its outcome was positive, which showed significance at this level. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) is utilized for comparison and the Chi-square test is used to get information from respondents. The data reliability has been calculated by Cronbach’s Alpha whose value was 0.86.
Conclusion: The research concluded that Covid-19 affected the daily routine and ingestion actions of the people which have increased the obesity level among male and female athletes and non-athletes.
Effect of Activity Based Teaching Method on Academic Achievement of Students for Learning General Science at Elementary School Level
Authors: Rana Raibale , Mehmood Ziarab , Hussain Safdar
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of activity-based teaching on students’ academic achievement towards General Science.
Methodology: Ninety female students of seventh grade were randomly selected as sample of the study. Thirty, randomly selected female students were assigned to comparison group and thirty were assigned to experimental group. Treatment was given for a period of eight weeks. The experimental group was taught through activity-based teaching method on the other hand, the comparison group was taught through lecture method. The design of experimental study was randomized pre-test posttest control group design. A table of specification was prepared to develop achievement test, compromising the content of science subject used for teaching. The achievement test was administrated as a posttest to measure the difference of students’ scores after treatment. Independent sample t-test was used to compare groups.
Findings: The results showed that there was significant difference between the performance of experimental group contrary to comparison group with reference to knowledge and understanding.
Conclusion: The study revealed that activity-based teaching method was much more effective than the lecture method in teaching of general science at elementary level.
Ideology of the Gender Role and Emotional Well-being: The Moderating Impact of Gender
Authors: Rashid Samina , Shahid Rida , Aftab Noman
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This study aimed to examine the impact of gender on the relationship between gender role ideology and emotional well-being of married couples.
Methodology: Data from 225 individuals was collected in person and online by using purposive sampling technique. The self-report questionnaire of Gender Role Belief Scale Short Version (GRBS-SV) (Kerr & Holden, 1996) and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) by Tennant et al. (2007) were used.
Findings: The results of study indicated that males having traditional gender role ideology have higher emotional well-being than males having egalitarian gender role ideology. Results also indicated that females having egalitarian gender role ideology have higher emotional well-being.
Conclusion: The study concluded that there is significant gender difference in emotional well-being. Gender significantly moderates the relationship between gender role ideology and emotional well-being.
Prevalence of Social Support and its Role in the Players’ Talent Management at the Higher Education Institutions of Sindh and Punjab
Authors: Khaskheli Nisar Ahmed , Ansari Muhammad Akram
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: As the Psycho-social talent of the players comprises of four main competencies which are discipline, commitment, social support and resilience. These all four competencies are correlated with each other and these all have a direct link with the players’ active participation and consequent sports performances.
Methodology: At this stage, this paper determines a comparative analysis of only one component of psycho-social talent of the players. A mixed-method research consisting of a comparative analysis has been conducted at the Universities of Sindh and Punjab. Directors/ In charge working in the sports sections of the HEC Sports participating Universities and the Players who must have played inter-varsity sports were the population of the study. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect qualitative data from the players. A systematic sampling technique was used to collect quantitative data from the In-charge of the sports. 28 Directors/ In-charge of sports from the Universities of Sindh, 54 Directors/ In-charge from the Universities of Punjab N= 83 samples for quantitative data whereas 02 players from the same Universities of both Provinces for qualitative data N=166.
Findings: This analysis denotes that the social support to the players of the Punjab is frequently available by their parents, teachers, officials and management at adequate level, whereas, on the contrary in the Universities of Sindh Province the players have inadequate social support.
Conclusion: The conclusion of the study enables one of the majors causes of players’ success in inter-varsity sports competitions.
Factors Affecting Consumer Satisfaction of Skin Care Products; An Empirical Analysis of Undergraduate Females in Pakistan
Authors: Naheed Zahra , Hashmi Amara Amjad , Hashmi Maaida Hussain
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: In professional settings, an attractive appearance is often essential. Therefore, cosmetics are a common practice to enhance one's appearance. Globalization has increased competition in the cosmetic business, requiring the right marketing strategies to appeal to consumers. In recent years, there has been growing attention to skincare products in personal care and other areas related to fashion. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of some important factors such as Brand Image, Product Price, Product Quality, and Digital Marketing on Consumer Satisfaction with skincare products.
Methodology: This study adopts a quantitative research approach, collecting primary data through the distribution of online questionnaires to 150 respondents (undergraduate females of Pakistan) who have used skincare products of different brands.
Findings: The findings reveal that price, product quality, and digital marketing have a significant impact on consumer satisfaction, while reports are insignificant on brand image.
Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights for firms, enabling them to enhance their brand management strategies based on the findings. By referencing these results, businesses can gain a competitive advantage over their rivals.
Cultural Significance Unveiled: Exploring the Dynamics and Influences of Traditional Dowry Practices in Pakistan
Authors: Ali Atif
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: Pakistan, like other South Asian countries, upholds the longstanding tradition of providing a dowry to the bride's family. A dowry comprises money, valuables, or gifts that the bride gives to the husband as a wedding offering. It encompasses the items provided by the bride's parents in preparation for her marriage. It's important to note that a dowry is not mandated by Islam, and the inclusion of money as part of a dowry is not customary. At times, a dowry may include a year's supply of groceries, clothing for a year and ten to fifteen gowns for the wife. In recent times, it seems that women may expect larger dowries due to evolving societal norms. Regrettably, the practice of dowry, widely considered undesirable, still prevails in Pakistan. The purpose of this study is to explore the perspectives of both men and women on dowry, its impact, its necessity, and how it adversely affects women's rights and autonomy.
Methodology: A self-designed interview schedule was employed to gather qualitative data from a diverse group of participants from urban and rural communities, including Chakwal, Arifwala, Chichawatni, Islamabad, and Jhang. This sample encompassed individuals with varying socioeconomic backgrounds and educational levels, aged between 18 and 45. A total of thirty-one interviews were conducted, with ten involving male participants and eleven involving female participants. The interviews followed a purposive sampling approach.
Findings & Conclusion: It is a common view among Pakistanis that the practice of paying a dowry is no longer widely accepted; it is often seen as a trend, with individuals using it as a way to express appreciation for their mothers and other female role models. The positive connotation of these intangible items supports the notion that in Pakistan, dowry is a trousseau freely given by the bride's parents to their daughter. Furthermore, the practice of paying a dowry is deeply flawed and should be universally banned. It serves as a major catalyst for conflicts, avarice, and even societal unrest. A dowry is essentially a form of inheritance that parents bestow upon their daughters. Those who can provide substantial dowries for their daughters are more likely to facilitate their marriage.
Teen Nick Children Television Programs: A Thematic Analysis
Authors: Khan Huma , Abbas Muhammad Awais , Ashiq Madiha
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This research study is exploring the Teen Nick TV program’s thematic analysis broadcast for adolescents during 2009 to 2023.
Methodology: The researcher has adopted content analysis and textual analysis method to investigate the themes of Teen Nicks programs. The uses and gratification theory has been used to investigate thematic frame.
Findings: The thematic analysis results have revealed that  Teen Nicks  Children TV program shows presented teenagers indulging in trivial matters of everyday life like friendship, music & dance rehearsals, learning a new skill, app designing, problem solving, heroic action and adventure etc.
Conclusion: Study concluded frightful situation that future generation minds are diluted instead of informative or thought provoking content. They are entertained by trivial and ridiculous program themes.
Contesting Hegemonic Order: Navigating Cultural Hegemony and Identity Crises in Mohsin Hamid's Moth Smoke and The Reluctant Fundamentalist
Authors: Ghilzai Shazia Akbar , Shahnaz Ambreen
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This study employs Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to analyze the cultural hegemony and politics of identity in Mohsin Hamid's novels, Moth Smoke and The Reluctant Fundamentalist. Specifically focusing on the male characters Daru and Changez, the research draws from postcolonial scholarship, particularly Gramsci's theories, to examine their ambiguous pursuit of identity heavily influenced by cultural hegemony.
Methodology: This research utilizes a qualitative methodology that combines textual analysis and 5-minute interviews with 50 undergraduate students from Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad. The CDA approach is employed to analyze the language used by the characters in the novels and the broader discourses surrounding identity and cultural assimilation. Through these interviews, valuable insights are gathered to further understand the implications of the identified themes within the Pakistani context.
Findings: The analysis of Mohsin Hamid's works reveals the power dynamics, ideological struggles, and discursive strategies at play in the construction and maintenance of cultural hegemony. By challenging the hegemony of dominant cultural norms and encouraging readers to shape their own identity, Hamid's works facilitate a decolonizing process.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is an effective approach for examining the cultural hegemony and politics of identity in Mohsin Hamid's novels. The analysis of the male characters, Daru and Changez, sheds light on the complex nature of identity formation in the face of cultural hegemony. Overall, Mohsin Hamid's works offer a means of understanding the challenges and consequences of identity crises in postcolonial societies.
Evaluation of Initial Psychometric Properties of Economic Exploitation Scale on Pakistani Sample
Authors: Kareem Abida , Aish Hira , Hussain Samavia
Published: December 2024

Background: The Economic Exploitation Scale (EES) is a self-rating instrument designed to evaluate economic maltreatment. The existence of an EES in Urdu will increase the use of this scale in Pakistan.
Aim: The current investigation aims to translate the EES into Urdu language and determine its initial psychometric properties on the Pakistani population.
Material and Method: This study was carried out in Faisalabad Pakistan. The EES, the sub-scale of the Scale of Economic abuse was translated into the Urdu language by following standardized translation procedures. A sample of 50 working women was subjected to Cross-language concordance while test re-test reliability was computed on another sample of 50 working ladies. To assess the internal consistency of the measure, 360 working women from the general population of Faisalabad were given the EES Urdu version. Their ages varied from 23 to 59 (Mage = 37.99, SD = 9.15).
Statistical Analysis: Mean and standard deviation was computed for continuous parameters, while frequency and percentages were analyzed for categorical variables. Cross-language concordance, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency all were evaluated for the translated Urdu- version of EES.
Results: Findings indicated that the English and Urdu versions of EES had strong cross-language similarity at the level of each item varied from 0.63 to 0.95 (p < 0.001). Test-retest evaluation of the Urdu form of EES was also found to be positively correlated with each item varied from 0.69 to 0.95 (p < 0.001). Translated version showed excellent internal consistency (0.90).
Conclusion: Based on good bilingual similarity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency, it can be concluded that the Urdu version of EES is a sound instrument to evaluate economic maltreatment in the Pakistani cultural context.
Teaching Practices for Students with Hearing Impairment in South Punjab: A Dilemma
Authors: Ashfaq Muhammad , Aftab Muhammad Javed , Tariq Sadia
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to identify teaching practices being used in schools of South Punjab for students with hearing impairment. The study focused on the needs of students with hearing impairment, their educational objectives being fulfilled with current teaching practices and number of students with hearing impairment in classroom. A representative sample of 120 teachers were randomly selected from the population. The data was collected through questionnaire from the teachers of children with hearing impairment. Current teaching practices being used in the schools of south Punjab are unable to fulfil the needs of students as well as the educational objectives. Sign language experts, record keeper, multimedia, communication assistive devices, hearing aids and sound field system (SFS) are the needed resources in classrooms for students with hearing impairment. It was also concluded that effective teaching practices and maximum use of available resources are necessary elements to meet the educational needs of students with hearing impairments. It is recommended that Teachers and professionals should have expertise in sign language for impressive communication.
Efficacy of CBT in the Management of Cyberchondria: A Comparative Study
Authors: Rahim Aiman , Naz Humaira
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This study investigated the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in alleviating cyberchondria among young adults, comparing it with problem-solving-based psychoeducation.
Methodology: Twenty participants (4 men, 16 women) were purposively sampled and randomly assigned to either CBT or psychoeduation, involving six online group sessions. Participants, aged 18-35 years (Mean = 25.80; SD = 4.48), were assessed using the Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI; Salkovskis et al., 2002), Whiteley Index (WI; Pillowsky, 1967), and Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS; McElroy et al., 2019) before and after therapy.
Findings: Results revealed a significant post-treatment difference between the two groups. The CBT group exhibited noteworthy reductions in CSS, SHAI, and WI scores, indicating its efficacy in managing cyberchondria. Controlling for covariates demonstrated statistically significant differences in participants' scores on outcome measures, affirming the overall efficacy of both interventions in improving cyberchondria.
Conclusion: This study holds substantial implications for developing targeted strategies to address the growing concern of cyberchondria.
Exploring the Relationship between Psychiatric Morbidity and Quality of Life among Lady Health Workers: Family Support as Moderator
Authors: Ahmad Abrar , Khadija Khirman , Satti Samia Nawaz
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: LHWs are the frontline workers collaborating with population from remote areas informing them about health issues. Pakistan LHWs program sought to improve the overall health system at community level. However, besides having low salaries, LHWs face much hurdles in socio- cultural, religious, transportation and financial form. The current study aims to assess the quality of life (DV) and psychiatric morbidities (IV) among LHWs. Moreover, the study focuses on the relationship between psychiatric morbidity and quality of life, taking family support as a moderator.
Methodology: This study is based on quantitative design which is purely based on collecting the data using self-reported measures and data was taken from 75 LHWs using purposive sampling. In addition to the demographics questions, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQLQ-Brief) and The Multidimensional Scale of Social Support tools used for data collection from the target public.
Findings: The result showed significant negative correlation between psychiatric morbidity and quality of life. Moreover, the result showed that family support does not significantly moderate the relation between IV and DV.
Conclusion: The study added much needed insight to the previous studies regarding the impact of psychiatric morbidities on quality of life. However, contrary to the previous studies Family support did not moderate the relation between psychiatric morbidity and quality of life among LHWs.
Coverage of Climate Change in National Newspapers of Pakistan and its Impact on Audience
Authors: Riaz Saqib , Farhan Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This study examined how Pakistani newspapers,  specifically Dawn and The Nation in 2022, portray climate change. It highlighted the influential role of media in shaping public perceptions and agenda.
Methodology: Using descriptive content analysis and a survey, (N=550) articles were analyzed, revealing that climate change stories are often not featured on front pages. instead, familiar topics take precedents, with limited attention given to solutions.
Findings: The research revealed a predominant focus on reporting the consequences of the climate crisis rather than emphasizing carbon emission reduction. This reactive approach in media coverage often frames climate change as beyond local control, fostering a sense of powerlessness and dependence on external solutions.
Conclusion: The research suggests that newspapers should prioritize climate change stories on their front pages and increase coverage of climate change mitigation efforts. It emphasizes the importance of not only discussing the issue but also highlighting the path toward solutions.
Sports Anxiety, Emotional Intelligence and Quality of Life among University Athletes
Authors: Perveen Amina , Khan Mussarat Jabeen , Fazaldad Ghazala
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The present study-was conducted to-investigate the relationship-between sports anxiety, emotional-intelligence and-quality of-life among university athletes.
Methodology: The sample comprised of 200 university athletes of males and females. Sports Anxiety Scale-2 (2006), Wong and=Law Emotional=Intelligence Scale (2002)-and Athlete Quality of Life Scale (2004) were used to measure sports anxiety, emotional intelligence and quality of life of university athletes.
Results: Results showed that sports anxiety negatively effects quality of-life and-emotional intelligence positively affects quality of life. Emotional intelligence significantly predicts quality of life and sports anxiety inversely predicts-quality-of life among university athletes. Emotional intelligence moderated the-relationship between-sports anxiety and-quality of-life. Athletes with higher emotional-intelligence being associated-with increased quality-of life and-decreased sports anxiety. A significant gender difference indicates that male athletes have-lower sports anxiety-and higher quality of-life as compared to female athletes. This study also indicates that non-significant differences were found between sports anxiety and emotional intelligence on individual and team sports. Results also showed that beginners/young athletes have higher sports anxiety as compared to professionals/adult athletes.
Conclusion: The findings of the study will serve as platform for improving the emotional intelligence in university athletes to better cope with sports anxiety and to improve quality of life.
Envy, Narcissism, and General Self-Efficacy among University Students
Authors: Shahid Izza , Jamil Naila , Toor Muneeb Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This study investigated the relationship between Envy, Narcissism, and General Self-Efficacy among University Students.
Methodology: A Cross-Sectional Survey Research Design was used to gather the data. University Students were the targeted population for the study. Participants were recruited through a random convenient sampling technique. A Random Convenient sampling technique was used to collect data.
Findings: The findings of this study showed that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between envy, narcissism, and general self-efficacy. Envy was found to be a strong predictor of both narcissism and self-efficacy. The analysis shows no statistically significant differences in envy, general self-efficacy, and narcissism between genders.  
Conclusion: It was concluded that there is a significant positive correlation between envy, narcissism, and general self-efficacy. Envy was found to be a strong predictor of both narcissism and self-efficacy. While previous research showed mixed results regarding gender differences in envy, this study found no significant gender effect, indicating that envy’s impact on narcissism and self-efficacy is similar among male and female university students.
Mechanism of Crime Reporting in Pakistan: A Critical Study
Authors: Raza Ali , Khan Adnan
Published: December 2024

Aim of the study: The research aimed to examine the process of crime reporting in the Pakistan, to determine challenges faced by the citizens and existing flaws in the mechanism and its effects on the criminal justice system of the country. The study also aimed to suggest recommendation to address these flaws so as administration of criminal justice can be improved and delivery of justice to the aggrieved people can be made smooth and convenient.
Methodology: This study employed qualitative research approach and utilized data collection methods such as review of relevant documents, case laws, response through questionnaire etc. This study has been done to determine the causes and impacts of defects in the mechanism of crime reporting in administration of justice in the country. The researcher got response of the law experts to reach a conclusion and proposed solutions.
Findings: From this study it appears that in the country there is not a uniform system of crime reporting consequently it has adverse effects on the criminal justice system of the Pakistan. In Punjab and Pakhtunkhwa Province crimes can be registered online, however in Sindh and Balouchistan still information relating to offence is received and lodged manually. For which informant has to visit Police Station physically. Police often do not register crime or it is not reduced in writing as narrated by the informant, hence this document loses its value. Beside this, corruption, local and political influence also affects the mechanism of crime reporting. As this basic stage of duty is not performed by the Police and people do not trust on this important pillar of the criminal justice system of the country.
Conclusion: Flaws in the mechanism of crime reporting have been determined in this study causing adverse effects on the criminal justice system of the country. Through this study recommendations have been suggested for improvement of the mechanism. Researchers believe that by incorporation of these recommendations better results can be achieved which can be done by administrative decisions.  Trust of the people will be restored.