bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Specter of Extraterritoriality
Authors: Zheng Yanqiu
Published: April 2015

The Sino-u.s. agreement of May 1943 that granted the u.s. military exclusive criminal jurisdiction over its troops in China was a continuation of extraterritorial rights that the United States supposedly abolished the previous January. In light of the earlier British-u.s. negotiations on the same issue, China was an integral part of a legal regime that during World War ii shielded globally deployed u.s. troops from local laws. The Chinese Guomindang (gmd) government’s renewal of the 1943 agreement in June 1946 extended the wartime legal privileges of u.s. troops into an era of precarious peace in China and set a precedent for the Status of Forces Agreements between the United States and various allies during the Cold War. The demonstrations after the Shen Chong Incident in late 1946, a largely nationalist movement that the Chinese Communist Party (ccp) co-opted, highlighted the inadequacy of public indignation and ccp manipulation in mounting a consistent legal effort to challenge the entrenched extraterritorial privileges of u.s. troops and restore Chinese jurisdiction. The gmd government also lost the opportunity to use the jurisdictional issue to demonstrate its nationalist credentials to an agitated public.
Which Mirror Is ‘Truer’?
Authors: Nguyen Nguyet
Published: April 2015

This essay examines the portrayal of the Vietnam War in one Vietnamese war film—Cánh Đồng Hoang(Wild Rice Field, also known as theAbandoned Field) and one American war film—Apocalypse Now. Released the same year (1979), both received acclaim from film viewers and critics, with the former winning the Golden Prize of the Moscow International Film Festival and the latter two Oscars. This study examines the starkly different way each cinematic product depicts the enemy and nationalism, provides an explanation of the contrast, and assesses how both films sustain, reinforce, and challenge the hegemonic and ideological structure of the two societies during that time.Apocalypse Nowevokes sympathy for bothu.s.soldiers and the Vietnamese, but its portrayal of these Asian people as faceless and inferior illustrates a culturally imperial approach toward a Third World people.Cánh Đồng Hoangconveys a romanticized, conventional version of the war where the “us” triumphs over the “them” in the defense of the nation. This essay seeks not to show that one film is better, but rather how a large gap exists in American and Vietnamese understanding of one another. Only bridging that gap will promote a better appreciation of each side’s political, social, and cultural background and perspectives.
The Sarcophagidae (Insecta: Diptera) described by Chien-ming Chao and Xue-zhong Zhang
Authors: ZHANG DONG , ZHANG MING , LI ZIJUAN , PAPE THOMAS
Published: April 2015

The twenty-nine species-group names of Sarcophagidae proposed by Chien-ming Chao and Xue-zhong Zhang are reviewed. Of these names, twenty-four are available, while five are unavailable nomina nuda. Of the twenty-four available names, nine are considered valid, fifteen as invalid: thirteen junior synonyms, one unnecessary replacement name and one junior primary homonym. Holotypes of all species, and allotypes when available, are photographed and the species redescribed based on the type material. Eight new synonyms are proposed: Miltogramma tibita Chao & Zhang, 1988, syn. n. of Miltogramma taeniata Meigen, 1824; Sphenometopa luridimacula Chao & Zhang, 1988, syn. n. of Sphenometopa stackelbergiana Rohdendorf, 1967; Sphenometopa mesomelaenae Chao & Zhang, 1988, syn. n. of Sphenometopa stelviana (Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891); Sphenometopa altajica Rohdendorf, 1971, syn. n. of Sphenometopa stelviana (Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891); Sarcophila mongolica Chao & Zhang, 1988, syn. n. of Sarcophila latifrons (Fallén, 1817); Wohlfahrtia brevicornis Chao & Zhang, 1996, syn. n. of Wohlfahrtia grunini Rohdendorf, 1969; Wohlfahrtia hirtiparafacialis Chao & Zhang, 1996, syn. n. of Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Schiner, 1862); and Wohlfahrtiodes mongolicus Chao & Zhang, 1988, syn. n. of Asiosarcophila kaszabi Rohdendorf & Verves, 1978. The genus Asiosarcophila Rohdendorf & Verves, 1978 is herewith reported from China for the first time, along with the five species A. kaszabi, M. taeniata, S. stackelbergiana, S. stelviana and W. grunini.
New records of Pseudophatnoma laosana B. Lis, 1999 (Hemiptera: Tingoidea: Cantacaderidae) from China and Thailand, with illustration of its male genitalia
Authors: LIS BARBARA , DANG KAI , BU WENJUN
Published: April 2015

The lace-bug genus Pseudophatnoma was described for P. corniculata from the Riau Archipelago in Indonesia, and because of its morphological characteristics the genus was placed in the subfamily Cantacaderinae of the family Tingidae (Blöte 1945).
A new genus and species of delphacid planthopper (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) from Central America with a preliminary regional species list
Authors: BARTLETT CHARLES R. , KUNZ GERNOT
Published: April 2015

The new genus Ampliphax, assigned to the Delphacini, is described and illustrated with a single new species A. grandis from Costa Rica and Panama. Ampliphax grandis is a large species with a projected head. DNA barcode data suggest, among currently barcoded taxa, an affinity to the genus Bostaera. A checklist of the delphacid species from Costa Rica, Panama, and Nicaragua based on literature and specimen records is provided.
New species of Cymatodera Gray (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Tillinae) from México and Central America, with notes on others
Authors: RIFKIND JACQUES
Published: April 2015

Nineteen new species of Cymatodera Gray are described: C. mexicana, C. cicatricula, C. matehualacaligoides, C. brailovskyi, C. durangoensis, C. monticola, C. paucipunctata, C. anulata, C. christina, C. copei, C. oxchuc, C. merickeli, C. romeroi, C. cellulosa, and C. acutipennis from México; C. doda from México, Nicaragua and Costa Rica; C. carinipennis from México and Guatemala; C. rileyi from México, Honduras, and Belize, and C. wilsoni from Costa Rica. These species are figured, along with the type of C. kolbei Schenkling, and a lectotype is designated for the latter. I include a brief discussion on the prevalence and evolution of brachyptery in Cymatodera.
Two new feather mites of the genus Neocalcealges Orwig (Analgoidea: Trouessartiidae) from the Sichuan province of China
Authors: WANG ZI-YING , PROCTOR HEATHER
Published: April 2015

Two new species of the feather mite genus Neocalcealges Orwig 1968 (Analgoidea: Trouessartiidae) are described from passerine birds (Passeriformes) from the Sichuan province of China: Neocalcealges davidi sp. nov. from Alcippe davidi Styan (Leiothrichidae) and N. chrysotis sp. nov. from Lioparus chrysotis (Blyth) (Paradoxornithidae). We provide a key to all described species of Neocalcealges.
On the spider genus Neonella (Araneae: Salticidae): new records and taxonomic notes for species from southern South America
Authors: OTT RICARDO , SILVA GUILHERME O. , MARTA KIMBERLY S. , RODRIGUES EVERTON N. L.
Published: April 2015

The genus Neonella Gertsch, 1936 contains 12 species with an exclusive New World distribution (World Spider Catalog 2015). The genus was proposed by Gertsch (1936) to include N. vinnula Gertsch, 1936 from Florida and Texas, USA. Remaining species were added by Galiano (1965, 1988, 1998) and, more recently, Edwards (2003), Ruiz & Brescovit (2004), and Ruiz et al. (2007).
A Triggering Mechanism for Rapid Intensification of Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Miyamoto Yoshiaki , Takemi Tetsuya
Published: April 2015

Triggering processes for the rapidly intensifying phase of a tropical cyclone (TC) were investigated on the basis of numerical experiments using a three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model. The results revealed that the rapid intensification of the simulated TC commenced following the formation of a circular cloud, which occurred about 12 h after the TC became essentially axisymmetric. The circular cloud (eyewall) evolved from a cloudy convective cell that was originally generated near the radius of maximum wind speed (RMW). The development of the convective cell in the eyewall was closely related to the radial location of the strong boundary layer convergence of axisymmetric flow. The radius of maximum convergence (RMC) was small relative to the RMW when the TC vortex was weak, which is consistent with the boundary layer theory for a rotating fluid system on a frictional surface. As the TC intensified, the RMC approached the RMW. An eyewall was very likely to form in the simulated TC when the RMC approached the RMW. Because the RMC is theoretically determined by a Rossby number defined by the maximum tangential velocity, RMW, and Coriolis parameter, a series of numerical experiments was conducted by changing the three parameters. The results were consistent with the hypothesis that intensification occurs earlier for larger Rossby numbers. This finding indicates that initial TC vortices with larger Rossby numbers are more likely to experience rapid intensification and, hence, to evolve into strong hurricanes.
Multidecadal Variability of the Summer Length in Europe*
Authors: Peña-Ortiz Cristina , Barriopedro David , García-Herrera Ricardo
Published: April 2015

This study analyzes the multidecadal variability of the European summer timing and length. The dates of the summer onset and end are computed through an objective algorithm based on locally defined temperature thresholds applied to the European daily high-resolution gridded dataset (E-OBS) during the period 1950–2012. The results reveal a European mean summer lengthening of 2.4 days decade−1 for the period 1950–2012. However, this trend is confined to the post-1979 period, when lengthening rates range between 5 and 12 days decade−1 over western Europe and the Mediterranean region. In contrast, a widespread summer shortening occurred for the 1950–78 period. The reported changes in the summer length are in agreement with temperature trends during June and September, which affect the summer onset and end dates.

It is shown that the shortening and lengthening with a turning point around 1979 is a leading mode of the summer length multidecadal variability. The trends in the summer length can be explained by the superposition of an Atlantic multidecadal oscillation signal and a long-term trend toward more persistent summers in Europe associated with global warming.
Beyond the Machine
Authors: Holland Alisha C. , Palmer-Rubin Brian
Published: April 2015

Organizational membership is one of the strongest, yet overlooked, predictors of vote buying across Latin America. We argue that this relationship is driven by the fact that politicians outsource some of their vote-buying efforts to interest associations. In contrast to the existing literature that focuses on party brokers, who are loyal to a single political machine, we introduce the concepts of organizational brokers, who represent interest associations and renegotiate ties to political parties between election cycles, and hybrid brokers, who split their loyalties between an interest association and a single political party. We illustrate the operation of these alternative broker types through case studies of street-vending organizations in an uninstitutionalized party system, Colombia, and peasant organizations in an institutionalized party system, Mexico. Attention to the role of brokers and the organizations that they represent has implications for political accountability, collective action, and the persistence of clientelism.
Vulgar Boredom, or What Andy Warhol Can Teach Us about Candy Crush
Authors: Richmond Scott C
Published: April 2015

This article is an investigation of boredom in the company of screen-based media. Working across film theory, media theory, affect theory, and game studies, the author argues that boredom is at once a useful counterexample to the common presumption of a saturating aesthetic encounter in film and media studies, and an affective correlate to media theory’s figure of the withdrawal of digital technics from the grasp of human perception and attention. Furthermore, he argues that boredom is not necessarily something we wish to avoid, but rather a relational state that we sometimes aim to achieve in relation to media objects that are not engrossing, interesting, engaging, beautiful. His argument unfolds across three stages: a description of modernist ‘profound boredom’ in Andy Warhol’s early film ‘Stillies’, in which boredom is converted into interest by means of intellection or criticism; a theorization of the ‘vulgar boredom’ of mass culture, in relation to Christopher Nolan’s Inception, using psychoanalytical object-relations theory to help understand what happens when we seek out cinematic or mediatic boredom; and finally, a discussion of these results derived from the cinema in relation to King’s blockbuster casual game, Candy Crush Saga.
History or Resonance? Techno-Sonic Tempor(e)alities
Authors: Ernst Wolfgang
Published: April 2015

Is there a ‘sound of the archive’? Sonic memory operates on a different time base from the historical archive with its text-based alphabetic and visual records. Listening to disembodied voices allows for a specific kind of ‘re-presencing’ the past (Sobchak, in Media Archaeology: Approaches, Applications and Implications, 2011). Remembering past sonospheres by technical media induces short-cuts of the historical distance itself, whereas audio-recordings ask for a media-archaeological understanding in its most literal sense: listening to the articulation of the medium itself. The ahistoric resonances of sonic articulation and listening are counter-balanced by the radical historicity of its material embodiment. In order to exercise a different language to express such media-induced tempor(e)alities, McLuhan’s concept of ‘acoustic space’ (as alternative to the dominance of the eye in the typographic era) is further developed into the notion of ‘sonicity’ to describe media-epistemological constellations where time and technology meet.
Childhood Presentation of Interrupted Aortic Arch With Persistent Carotid Ducts
Authors: Suntratonpipat Somjate , Bamforth Simon D. , Johnson Amy-Leigh , Noga Michelle , Anderson Robert H. , Smallhorn Jeffrey , Tham Edythe
Published: April 2015

Interrupted aortic arch is a rare condition with typical presentation within the first few weeks of life, as the circulation is dependent upon patency of the arterial duct. Most cases are associated with intracardiac anomalies, the most common being a ventricular septal defect with some degree of hypoplasia and/or obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract. Presentation beyond infancy is uncommon, and suggests the presence of well-developed collateral circulation. This case of childhood presentation of interrupted aortic arch and intact ventricular septum highlights the very unusual finding of bilateral collateral arteries consistent with persistent carotid ducts. Cardiac MRI angiography with three-dimensional reconstruction defined not only the site of interruption in the aortic arch but also the entire collateral circulation.
Oblique Coronary Artery Prolongation Approach in Anomalous Left Coronary Artery From the Pulmonary Artery in a Low-Birth-Weight Neonate
Authors: Franco Joseph J. , Mesia Cesar Igor , Escarcega Ricardo O. , Stevens Randy , Moulick Achintya
Published: April 2015

A 19-day-old newborn girl weighing 1.9-kg was born with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery (LCA) from the pulmonary artery (PA). Because of the small anatomic structures and long distance between the anomalous origin of the LCA high within the left posterior sinus of the main PA, a simple transfer of the anomalous LCA to the aorta was deemed impossible. A coronary button was created with an oblique flap of tissue cut from the posterior pulmonary arterial wall. An oblique flap was created from the anterior aortic wall. The two flaps were used to create a tubular prolongation that connected the LCA to the aorta. This created a tension-free anastomosis with potential for growth. The aorta and PA were then patched with pericardium. A left coronary angiogram three years after surgery demonstrated a patent coronary tube.
Atypical Pulmonary Venous Drainage Pathway Associated With Infracardiac Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
Authors: Imoto Yutaka , Shigehisa Yoshiya , Matsuba Tomoyuki , Ochiai Yoshie
Published: April 2015

Darling’s classification for total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is based only on the level of the site of drainage of the anomalous pulmonary veins (PVs) to the systemic venous circulation. Although it is a clinically useful classification, atypical course of the PVs is occasionally encountered as well. We report a case of infracardiac-type TAPVC in which the left upper PV traversed the posterior mediastinum and merged into the right PVs at the right hilum. The combined vein coursed medially and caudally, meeting the left lower PVs, and finally penetrated the diaphragm; the pulmonary venous drainage formed a shape of “C.” Despite definitive diagnosis according to Darling’s classification, sometimes atypical course of the PVs do exist. Echocardiography may not be adequate for atypical cases. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography may be recommended in stable patients where an atypical course is suspected.
Endovascular Treatment of Superior Vena Cava Obstruction After Surgical Correction of Intracardiac Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
Authors: Veshti Altin , Prifti Edvin , Ballerini Luigi , Vanini Vittorio
Published: April 2015

A three-month-old infant operated for obstructed intracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection was readmitted because of sinus bradycardia and superior vena cava syndrome. Cardiac catheterization revealed a stenosis at the superior vena cava–right atrial junction with retrograde azygos flow. Following balloon dilatation of the stenotic area and stent implantation, the superior vena cava syndrome was rapidly relieved. At six months, an echocardiogram confirmed unobstructed flow from the superior vena cava to the right atrium.
Catheter Interventions for Mitral Stenosis in Children
Authors: Saxena Anita
Published: April 2015

Stenosis of the mitral valve most often occurs as a result of chronic rheumatic heart disease, causing thickening and fibrosis of the mitral valve apparatus. Rheumatic heart disease continues to be a major public health problem in several developing countries and mitral stenosis is also common in these regions. According to the reports from India and Africa, the disease tends to follow a rapidly progressive course in children. The treatment of choice is balloon dilatation of the mitral valve. Echocardiography is indispensable for this procedure. Before planning the procedure, it is essential to assess the suitability of balloon dilatation. Echocardiography performed during the procedure helps to decide whether the size of the balloon needs to be increased in case of inadequate relief of stenosis. Most published series have reported an immediate success rate of over 90% with balloon dilatation in children and young adults. With an increase in mitral valve area and improvement in functional class, the left atrial pressure and the transmitral gradients fall. These gratifying results are also reported from very young children of less than 12 years of age. It is recommended to start with a smaller balloon size and increase its size in a stepwise fashion to minimize complications. The complications, seen in about 1% to 2% of cases, include development of significant mitral regurgitation and hemopericardium, secondary to cardiac chamber perforation. The long-term results indicate slightly higher restenosis rates in children than in adults. Most children with restenosis can undergo successful repeat dilatation.
Implication of Changing Agrarian Regime on Rural Non-farm Economy
Authors: Kundu Anirban , Chakrabarti Saumya
Published: April 2015

The study analyses the implication of changing agrarian regime in India on rural non-farm economy. So far as agricultural growth and/or development are concerned, we can observe four major phases of transition in India, such as, initiation of land reform, period of green revolution, introduction of contract farming and the subsequent diversification of cropping pattern towards high value crops; and finally, the recent upsurge in agricultural land conversion for industrial/infrastructural/urbanisation purposes. Though the impact of changing agrarian situation in India has been debated in the context of agrarian distress, its impact on rural non-farm (RNF) sector which is an integral part of the rural economy is somewhat overlooked. Using farm–non-farm indicators across six agriculturally diversified states of India, we argue that more equitable distribution of land with the introduction of land reforms fosters growth in RNF economy; whereas, green revolution and crop diversification towards high value crops results in concentration of land leading to delinked production between marginal–small farmers and RNF sector. Finally, the policy of large-scale industrialisation at the cost of agricultural land conversion induces a contraction of RNF economy.
Granulicatella adiacens, an unusual causative agent in chronic dacryocystitis
Authors: Ku Cristy A , Forcina Blake , LaSala Paul Rocco , Nguyen John
Published: April 2015

Background

Granulicatella adiacens, a recent taxonomic addition, is a commensal organism of the oral, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts and is rarely encountered in the orbit and eye.

Findings

We present a 46-year-old Caucasian woman with chronic dacryocystitis who underwent an external dacryocystorhinostomy and was found to have G. adiacens.

Conclusions

This is an unusual causative organism isolated in the nasolacrimal system and, to our knowledge, the first reported case of chronic dacryocystitis associated with G. adiacens.
Worldwide productivity in the field of foot and ankle research from 2009–2013: a bibliometric analysis of highly cited journals
Authors: Luo Xuyao , Liang Zhimin , Gong Feng , Bao Hongwei , Huang Li , Jia Zhiwei
Published: April 2015

Background

Significant growth has been observed in the field of foot and ankle research in recent years. However, bibliometric studies concerning the quantity and quality of articles published in foot and ankle journals are scarce. This study aimed to reveal the characteristics of national productivity in the field of foot and ankle research and to provide a general picture of foot and ankle research for surgeons and researchers.

Methods

Web of Science was searched for foot and ankle articles in 4 highly cited journals from 2009 to 2013. The number of total articles and citations were collected to evaluate the contribution of different countries. Publication activity was adjusted for the countries by population size and gross domestic product (GDP).

Results

A total number of 2083 articles were published worldwide. North America, West Europe, Australia and East Asia were the most productive world regions. High income countries published 90.35% of articles, middle‐income 9.60%, and low‐income just 0.05%. The United States published the largest number of articles (1025/2083, 49.2%), followed by the United Kingdom (221/2083, 10.6%), Australia (92/2083, 4.4%), and had the highest total citations (3631). However, Canada had the highest average citations per article (5.0), followed by Australia (4.6) and Switzerland (4.2). There were positive correlations between the total number of publications and population/GDP (p < 0.01). When normalized to population size, Switzerland ranked the highest, followed by Australia, and the United Kingdom. When adjusted for GDP, Switzerland ranked the highest, followed by United Kingdom, and South Korea.

Conclusions

The United States is the most productive country in the field of foot and ankle research. However, Australia, some smaller European and Asian countries may be more productive relative to their size.
Comparison of the three-dimensional organization of sperm and fibroblast genomes using the Hi-C approach
Authors: Battulin Nariman , Fishman Veniamin S , Mazur Alexander M , Pomaznoy Mikhail , Khabarova Anna A , Afonnikov Dmitry A , Prokhortchouk Egor B , Serov Oleg L
Published: April 2015

Background

The three-dimensional organization of the genome is tightly connected to its biological function. The Hi-C approach was recently introduced as a method that can be used to identify higher-order chromatin interactions genome-wide. The aim of this study was to determine genome-wide chromatin interaction frequencies using the Hi-C approach in mouse sperm cells and embryonic fibroblasts.

Results

The obtained data demonstrate that the three-dimensional genome organizations of sperm and fibroblast cells show a high degree of similarity both with each other and with the previously described mouse embryonic stem cells. Both A- and B-compartments and topologically associated domains are present in spermatozoa and fibroblasts. Nevertheless, sperm cells and fibroblasts exhibit statistically significant differences between each other in the contact probabilities of defined loci. Tight packaging of the sperm genome results in an enrichment of long-range contacts compared with the fibroblasts. However, only 30% of the differences in the number of contacts are based on differences in the densities of their genome packages; the main source of the differences is the gain or loss of contacts that are specific for defined genome regions. We find that the dependence of the contact probability on genomic distance for sperm is close to the dependence predicted for the fractal globular folding of chromatin.

Conclusions

Overall, we can conclude that the three-dimensional structure of the genome is passed through generations without being dramatically changed in sperm cells.
Fetal microchimerism in kidney biopsies of lupus nephritis patients may be associated with a beneficial effect
Authors: Florim Greiciane MS , Caldas Heloisa C , de Melo Julio CR , Baptista Maria Alice SF , Fernandes Ida MM , Savoldi-Barbosa Marcela , Goldman Gustavo H , Abbud-Filho Mario
Published: April 2015

Introduction

Microchimeric male fetal cells (MFCs) have been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, and published studies have further correlated MFC with lupus nephritis (LN). In the present study, we evaluated the frequency of MFC in the renal tissue of patients with LN.

Methods

Twenty-seven renal biopsies were evaluated: Fourteen were from women with clinical and laboratory findings of LN, and thirteen were from controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from kidney biopsies, and the male fetal DNA was quantified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions for the detection of specific Y chromosome sequences.

Results

MFCs were detected in 9 (64%) of 14 of patients with LN, whereas no MFCs were found in the control group (P = 0.0006). No differences in pregnancy history were found between patients with LN and the control group. Significantly higher amounts of MFCs were found in patients with LN with serum creatinine ≤1.5 mg/dl. Furthermore, women with MFCs had significantly better renal function at the time of biopsy (P = 0.03). In contrast, patients with LN without MFCs presented with more severe forms of glomerulonephritis (World Health Organization class IV = 60% and class V = 40%).

Conclusions

Our data indicate a high prevalence of MFCs in renal biopsy specimens from women with LN, suggesting a role for MFCs in the etiology of LN. The present report also provides some evidence that MFCs could have a beneficial effect in this disease.
Proteomic analysis of porcine mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and umbilical cord: implication of the proteins involved in the higher migration capability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Huang Lei , Niu Chenguang , Willard Belinda , Zhao Weimin , Liu Lan , He Wei , Wu Tianwen , Yang Shulin , Feng Shutang , Mu Yulian , Zheng Lemin , Li Kui
Published: April 2015

Introduction

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to proliferate in vivo with a large variety of differentiation potentials and therefore are widely used as an ideal material for cell therapy. MSCs derived from pig and human sources are similar in many aspects, such as cell immunophenotype and functional characteristics. However, differences in proteomics and the molecular mechanisms of cell functions between porcine bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) and umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs) are largely unknown. To the best of our knowledge, MSCs collected from different tissue have specific phenotype and differentiation ability in response to microenvironment, known as a niche.

Methods

Porcine BM-MSCs and UC-MSCs were evaluated with flow cytometric and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation analyses. We used isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between these two types of MSCs. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and phenotype analyses were used to understand the links between cell migration ability and DEPs.

Results

Two separate iTRAQ experiments were conducted, identifying 95 DEPs (95% confidence interval). Five of these proteins were verified by Western blotting. These 95 DEPs were classified in terms of biological regulation, metabolic process, developmental process, immune system process, reproduction, death, growth, signaling, localization, response to stimulus, biological adhesion, and cellular component organization. Our study is the first to show results indicating that porcine BM-MSCs have a higher migration capability than UC-MSCs. Finally, one of the DEPs, Vimentin, was verified to have a positive role in MSC migration.

Conclusions

These results represent the first attempt to use proteomics specifically targeted to porcine MSCs of different tissues. The identified components should help reveal a variety of tissue-specific functions in tissue-derived MSC populations and could serve as important tools for the regeneration of particular tissues in future stem cell-based tissue engineering studies using animal models.
Bidirectional longitudinal study of type 2 diabetes and depression symptoms in black and white church going adults
Authors: Hemmy Asamsama Octaviana , Lee Jerry W , Morton Kelly R , Tonstad Serena
Published: April 2015

Background

There is a need to longitudinally examine depression and DM2 relationship in a population that values positive health behaviors. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the bidirectional relationship between depression and DM2.

Methods

A cohort sample of 4,746 Black (28.4%) and White (71.6%) Seventh-day Adventist adults who participated in the Biopsychosocial Religion and Health Study (BRHS) completed a short form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) 11 along with self-report of lifetime physician diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (DM2) and treatment of DM2 and/or depression in the last 12 months in 2006–7 and 2010–11. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses were completed to predict risk for future disease while controlling for demographic and health related variables.

Results

While there were no direct effects of depression on later DM2, there was an indirect effect mediated by BMI (effect = 0.13; 95% CIs [0.08, 0.20]) even after controlling for demographic variables as covariates using Hayes’ PROCESS macro mediation analysis. Similarly, there was also only an indirect effect of DM2 on later depression mediated by BMI (effect = 0.13; 95% CIs [0.05, 0.22]) after controlling for demographic variables.

Conclusions

The results highlight BMI as a risk factor for both DM2 and depression. The negative consequences of having higher BMI in conjunction at baseline with another disease can increase the risk for other chronic disease even in a span of 2.04 – 5.74 years, the length of study interval.
A Patient With a Thyrotropin-Secreting Microadenoma and Resistance to Thyroid Hormone (P453T)
Authors: Teng Xiaochun , Jin Ting , Brent Gregory A. , Wu Anhua , Teng Weiping , Shan Zhongyan
Published: April 2015

Context:

Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) β is due to mutations in the β-isoform of the thyroid hormone receptor (TR). TSH-secreting adenomas (TSHomas) are presumed to represent clonal expansion and have been reported to contain TRβ gene mutations. Mice with a knock-in mutation in the TRβ gene spontaneously develop TSHomas, although as yet no patient has been reported to have both a TSHoma and RTHβ.

Objective:

We investigated a 12-year-old girl with elevated serum T4 concentration, inappropriately high TSH levels, and a pituitary adenoma.

Design and Intervention:

Clinical, biochemical, and radiological assessments were performed at baseline and after a transsphenoidal pituitary adenomectomy.

Results:

The patient's laboratory results included: TSH, 21.12 mIU/L (0.35–4.94 mIU/L); free T3, 14.25 pmol/L (2.63–5.7 pmol/L); free T4, 28.79 pmol/L (9.01–19.05 pmol/L); serum glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit (α-GSU), 0.32 ng/ml (0.22–0.39 ng/ml); and α-GSU/TSH, 0.15. Thyroid radioiodine uptake was increased by 94.4% at 24 hours. A T3 suppression test showed incomplete suppression of the serum TSH concentration and blunted response of the peripheral thyroid hormone markers. The sequence of TRβ exons confirmed a P453T mutation in the TRβ gene. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging revealed a microadenoma in the left side of the pituitary. The patient underwent transsphenoidal pituitary adenomectomy. Histologically, the tumor stained positively for TSH-β, human Chorionic Gonadotropin alpha (HCG-α), GH, prolactin, and ACTH. After removal of the tumor, the patient's thyroid function improved significantly, and she experienced the onset of menarche and an increase in linear growth as well.

Conclusions:

This patient with RTHβ had a TSHoma consistent with previous findings linking somatic TRβ mutations to TSHomas.
VARIATION IN CHICANO English: THE CASE OF FINAL (z) DEVOICING
Authors: Bayley Robert , Holland Cory
Published: April 2015

Despite the number of studies and overviews of Chicano English (ChE) that have appeared in recent years, many ChE features await full investigation. Final (z) devoicing is one such feature. This study, based on multivariate analysis of 1,827 tokens extracted from sociolinguistic interviews with adolescents and young adults in a public housing project in south Texas, shows that (z) devoicing is highly systematic and subject to multiple linguistic and social constraints. Specifically, devoicing is conditioned by features of the preceding and following segments. Results also show that devoicing is constrained by the morphological status of the variable, with devoicing more likely for inflectional (z) than when it is part of a monomorpheme. In addition, although the prevalence of devoicing in ChE is often attributed to Spanish interference, results show that devoicing is not affected by the speaker’s first language. Finally, speakers who express a desire to leave the community are less likely to produce the devoiced variant than those who express no such desire, and women are more likely to devoice than men.
Facile Synthesis and Electrochemical Studies of Diethoxyphosphorylphenyl-substituted Porphyrin and Its Metal Complexes
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Yadav Pinky , Kumar Amit , Sankar Muniappan
Published: April 2015

meso-Tetrakis(4′-diethoxyphosphorylphenyl)porphyrin (H2TPhPP) was synthesized via modified Lindsey method with higher yield (50%) as compared to reported methods. H2TPhPP exhibited 120–140 mV anodic shifts in first ring redox potentials as compared to H2TPP. Similarly, anodic shifts of MTPhPP (M = Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)) were 70–210 mV in first ring oxidation potentials and 80–120 mV in first ring reduction potentials, as compared to corresponding MTPPs due to the strong electron-withdrawing nature of diethoxyphosphoryl substituents.
First Iron(II) Spin-crossover Complex with an N5S Coordination Sphere
Authors: Yamasaki Masaru , Ishida Takayuki
Published: April 2015

A novel dinuclear iron(II) complex [{Fe(py3COH)(NCS)(μ-NCS)}2](PrOH)2 was prepared. Each Fe ion is coordinated with three N atoms from tridentate tris(2-pyridyl)methanol (py3COH) and two N and one S atoms from NCS− coligand. It showed a one-step gradual spin-crossover at T1/2 = 207 K. This compound is the first spin-crossover material having an FeN5S coordination structure.
O postulado da infalibilidade nos diálogos platônicos
Authors: Santos José Trindade
Published: April 2015

Como entender o postulado da infalibilidade do saber? Associado à tese de Trasímaco sobre a infalibilidade do saber dos artesãos (R. I 340d-e), vemo-lo ser sustentado no Górgias (454d), na República (V 477e) e no Teeteto (152c), introduzindo a contraposição das “competências” cognitivas: epistême e doxa. Ignorado ou descontado como uma peculiari­dade da filosofia platônica, nenhuma tentativa parece ter sido feita para o inserir numa estrutura epistemológica coerente. É esse o objetivo a que viso, ensaiando uma breve reconstituição da problemática da ‘infalibilidade’nos diálogos platônicos.
Latinistas e helenistas em revista(s): notas sobre a especificidade francesa
Authors: Benthien Rafael Faraco
Published: April 2015

O presente artigo discute os estribos e as implicações sociais da divisão de trabalho entre os estudiosos da antiguidade clássica no interior da moderna universidade francesa. Para tanto, partindo de uma discussão relativa às formas classificatórias proposta por Émile Durkheim e Marcel Mauss, ele mostra quais as lógicas subjacentes à diferenciação historicamente constituída entre helenistas e latinistas nesse país. Busca-se assim explicar porque, por exemplo, helenistas estiveram aí, em geral e estruturalmente, mais próximos dos grandes movimentos de inovação científica, ao passo que os latinistas, institucionalmente dominantes, assumiram posições mais conservadoras, ligadas à reafirmação do cânone retórico das belle-lettres francesas.
Direct nucleophilic difluoromethylation of aromatic isoxazoles activated by electron-withdrawing groups using (difluoromethyl)trimethylsilane
Authors: Wang Xin , Tokunaga Etsuko , Shibata Norio
Published: April 2015

The activation of aromatic diaryl isoxazoles with strong electron-withdrawing groups, such as the nitro, triflyl, and the phenylsulfonyl groups, at the 4-position has enabled the first regio- and diastereoselective difluoromethylation at the 5-position of isoxazoles by nucleophilic addition using (difluoromethyl) trimethylsilane, Me3SiCF2H, to provide difluoromethylated isoxazolines in good yields. Conjugated styryl-4-nitroisoxazoles were also nicely converted into the corresponding CF2H adducts with high regio- and excellent diastereoselectivities. Since the trifluoromethylated analogs of the corresponding diaryl-isoxazolines are effective ectoparasiticides, represented by fluralaner, should a series of difluoromethylated isoxazolines be obtained, they would be of great importance as promising drug candidates in this field.
Investigación: Medidas públicas que favorecen la internacionali- zación de las Pymes. El caso de la Unión Europea
Authors: Agramunt Luis Felipe , Andrés María Fernanda , Cozzi Marcela
Published: April 2015

En este trabajo se ofrece una revisión de la literatura internacional referida al proceso de internacionalización, se identifican los obstáculos que las pequeñas y medianas empresas (Pymes) enfrentan al momento de internacionalizarse y se presenta el concepto de competitividad. El objetivo central consiste en determinar las acciones públicas posibles para mejorar la competitividad empresarial y atenuar los problemas que las Pymes encuentran en el proceso mencionado. En particular, se señalan las medidas que se han tomado en la Unión Europea (UE). Los resultados obtenidos muestran la necesidad de invertir en la internacionalización de las Pymes por parte del sector público.
Divulgación: Problemas y desafíos recientes e las normativas contables ara los estados financieros n la actividad agropecuaria
Authors: Ceriani María Alfonsina , Vigil José Ignacio
Published: April 2015

La actividad agropecuaria (por la transformación biológica que produce en los activos de una entidad agropecuaria) es una actividad excepcional desde el punto de vista de la aplicación de los modelos de contabilidad, y su tratamiento, reconocido por la normativa contable nacional (RT22) e internacional (NIC41), ha marcado una especie de ruptura novedosa con las prácticas tradicionales ya consolidadas. Sin embargo, existen no pocos problemas de aplicación y adaptación de las nuevas propuestas contables que sugieren que se está frente a una ruptura insana. El trabajo recorre los principales puntos problemáticos de esta ruptura intentando responder al interrogante de ¿en qué medida la aplicación de estas normativas logran resolver los problemas de medición y exposición de los estados financieros de entes agropecuarios generando información razonable y útil para sus usuarios?
Comparison criteria between matching algorithms texts application on (horspool's and brute force algorithms)
Authors: Ibrahim Amin Mubark Alamin , Mustafa Mustafa Elgili
Published: April 2015

The subject of matching text or search the texts is important topics in the field of computer science and is used in many programs such as Microsoft word program in correct spelling mistakes and search &replace, and other uses. The aim of this study was to learn how to trade-off texts matching algorithms, which are very much where we have the application on Horspool's and Brute Force algorithms. According to the standard number of comparisons and time of execution. The study pointed on preference Horspool's algorithm.
ANN-based modeling of third order runge kutta method
Authors: Dehghanpour M. , Rahati A. , Dehghanian E.
Published: April 2015

The world's common rules (Quantum Physics, Electronics, Computational Chemistry and Astronomy) find their normal mathematical explanation in language of differential equations, so finding optimum numerical solution methods for these equations are very important. In this paper, using an artificial neural network (ANN) a numerical approach is designed to solve a specific system of differential equations such that the training process of the ANN  calculates the  optimal values for the coefficients of third order Runge Kutta method. To validate our approach, we performed some experiments by solving two body problem using coefficients obtained by ANN and also two other well-known coefficients namely Classical and Heun. The results show that the ANN approach has a better performance in compare with two other approaches.
Equidistribution in supersingular Hecke orbits
Authors: Kret Arno
Published: April 2015

We prove that Hecke operators act with equidistribution on the basic stratum of certain Shimura varieties. We relate the rate of convergence to the bounds from the Ramanujan conjecture of certain cuspidal automorphic representations on

GL
n

{\mathrm{GL}_{n}}

for which this conjecture is known, and therefore we obtain optimal estimates on the rate of convergence.
EAF Gas Waste Heat Utilization and Discussion of the Energy Conservation and CO2 Emissions Reduction
Authors: Yang Ling-zhi , Zhu Rong , Ma Guo-hong
Published: April 2015

As a large number of energy was taken away by the high temperature furnace gas during the EAF smelting process, a huge economic and environmental benefits would obtained to recycle and utilize. In this paper, the energy of the EAF was analyzed theoretically with the hot metal ratio of 50%. Combined with the utilization of the gas waste heat during the scrap preheating, electricity generation, production of steam and production of coal gas processes, the effect of the energy saving and emission was calculated with comprehensive utilization of the high temperature furnace gas. An optimal scheme for utilization of the waste heat was proposed based on the calculation. The results show that the best way for energy saving and carbon reduction is the production of coal gas, while the optimal scheme for waste heat utilization is combined the production of coal gas with the scrap preheating, which will save 170 kWh/t of energy and decrease 57.88 kg/t of carbon emission. As hot metal ratio in EAF steelmaking is often more than 50%, which will produce more EAF gas waste heat, optimizing EAF gas waste heat utilization will have more obvious effect on energy saving and emission reduction.
Improvement of Activated Sludge Process Using a Nonlinear PI Controller Design via Adaptive Gain
Authors: López-Pérez P. A. , Neria-González M. I. , Aguilar-López R.
Published: April 2015

The goal of this work was to design an adaptive nonlinear proportional–integral (PI) controller to regulate the dynamics of an aerobic wastewater bioreactor, providing a mathematical sketch of proof of the convergence of the control scheme. Adequate operating regions were determined and the corresponding steady-state points were studied via phase portrait and bifurcation analysis. The proposed controller was applied to a wastewater treatment plant to regulate dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and, indirectly, the concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the bioreactor; the recirculation flow rate was considered as the manipulated variable. The implementation was based on the mathematical bioreactor’s model, which was experimentally verified; it describes COD dynamics, DO, biomass, recirculation biomass concentrations, and temperature. The obtained results, via numerical simulations, showed that the proposed control law is able to control DO concentration; this control exhibited better performance in comparison to a linear one.
Oxidative-Extractive Desulfurization of Liquid Fuel by Dimethyl Sulfoxide and ZnCl2Based Ionic Liquid
Authors: Singh Sudeep , Srivastava Vimal Chandra , Gautam Sanjay
Published: April 2015

In this study, oxidative-extractive desulfurization (OEDS) of liquid fuel has been studied using an ionic liquid prepared by coordination of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with ZnCl2. Synthetic model liquid fuel was prepared by dissolving dibenzothiophene (DBT) in iso-octane. In addition, actual diesel was also tested for total sulfur removal. Oxidation in the OEDS process was achieved by adding hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid to the mixture. Different parameters such as oil to ionic liquid ratio, oxidant to sulfur ratio and temperature were optimized. Kinetic study was performed at different temperatures so as to calculate the reaction rate constants. Optimized conditions were also tested for their applicability on actual diesel. At the optimized conditions (oxidant to sulfur ratio = 6, oil to ionic liquid ratio = 3 and temperature = 30°C), 78% sulfur removal was observed from model oil (initial sulfur concentration = 1,000 mg/L) and 65% sulfur removal was observed for actual diesel oil (initial sulfur concentration = 140 mg/L).
White Multicultural Voices in Southern Universities: An Overview
Authors: Doepker Gina M. , Chamberlain Steven
Published: April 2015

It is a fact that the diversity of today’s student population in schools across the United States is growing. According to the Center for Public Education (2012), it is also a fact that the majority of teachers in these schools are White, middleclass females. As a result of this demographic mismatch, teacher educators have been charged with the mission to help future teachers embrace multiculturalism so as to effectively meet the needs of this diverse student population. In order for this pedagogical shift to be successful, teacher educators themselves (who are also majority White) must first embrace the tenets of multiculturalism as well. This article introduces the Special Issue of Muticultural Learning and Teaching (MLT) that presents the personal narratives regarding multiculturalism of several White scholars in academia who currently work in the field of teacher education in southern universities where diversity abounds throughout the schools.