bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pore size estimation in axon‐mimicking microfibers with diffusion‐relaxation MRI
Authors: Canales‐Rodríguez Erick J. , Pizzolato Marco , Zhou Feng‐Lei , Barakovic Muhamed , Thiran Jean‐Philippe , Jones Derek K. , Parker Geoffrey J. M. , Dyrby Tim B.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate two distinct approaches for fiber radius estimation using diffusion‐relaxation MRI data acquired in biomimetic microfiber phantoms that mimic hollow axons. The methods considered are the spherical mean power‐law approach and a T2‐based pore size estimation technique.

Theory and Methods

A general diffusion‐relaxation theoretical model for the spherical mean signal from water molecules within a distribution of cylinders with varying radii was introduced, encompassing the evaluated models as particular cases. Additionally, a new numerical approach was presented for estimating effective radii (i.e., MRI‐visible mean radii) from the ground truth radii distributions, not reliant on previous theoretical approximations and adaptable to various acquisition sequences. The ground truth radii were obtained from scanning electron microscope images.

Results

Both methods show a linear relationship between effective radii estimated from MRI data and ground‐truth radii distributions, although some discrepancies were observed. The spherical mean power‐law method overestimated fiber radii. Conversely, the T2‐based method exhibited higher sensitivity to smaller fiber radii, but faced limitations in accurately estimating the radius in one particular phantom, possibly because of material‐specific relaxation changes.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates the feasibility of both techniques to predict pore sizes of hollow microfibers. The T2‐based technique, unlike the spherical mean power‐law method, does not demand ultra‐high diffusion gradients, but requires calibration with known radius distributions. This research contributes to the ongoing development and evaluation of neuroimaging techniques for fiber radius estimation, highlights the advantages and limitations of both methods, and provides datasets for reproducible research.
Assessment of blood–brain barrier leakage and brain oxygenation in Connexin‐32 knockout mice with systemic neuroinflammation using pulse electron paramagnetic resonance imaging techniques
Authors: Epel Boris , Viswakarma Navin , Hameed Safa , Freidin Mona M. , Abrams Charles K. , Kotecha Mrignayani
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The determination of blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity and partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the brain is of substantial interest in several neurological applications. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using trityl OX071‐based pulse electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (pEPRI) to provide a quantitative estimate of BBB integrity and pO2 maps in mouse brains as a function of neuroinflammatory disease progression.

Methods

Five Connexin‐32 (Cx32)–knockout (KO) mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide to induce neuroinflammation for imaging. Three wild‐type mice were also used to optimize the imaging procedure and as control animals. An additional seven Cx32‐KO mice were used to establish the BBB leakage of trityl using the colorimetric assay. All pEPRI experiments were performed using a preclinical instrument, JIVA‐25 (25 mT/720 MHz), at times t = 0, 4, and 6 h following lipopolysaccharide injection. Two pEPRI imaging techniques were used: (a) single‐point imaging for obtaining spatial maps to outline the brain and calculate BBB leakage using the signal amplitude, and (b) inversion‐recovery electron spin echo for obtaining pO2 maps.

Results

A statistically significant change in BBB leakage was found using pEPRI with the progression of inflammation in Cx32 KO animals. However, the change in pO2 values with the progression of inflammation for these animals was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

For the first time, we show the ability of pEPRI to provide pO2 maps in mouse brains noninvasively, along with a quantitative assessment of BBB leakage. We expect this study to open new queries from the field to explore the pathology of many neurological diseases and provide a path to new treatments.
Accurate actual flip angle imaging (AFI) in the presence of fat
Authors: Samsonov Alexey A. , Yarnykh Vasily L.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

To investigate the effect of incomplete fat spoiling on the accuracy of B1 mapping with actual flip angle imaging (AFI) and to propose a method to minimize the errors using the chemical shift properties of fat.

Theory and Methods

Diffusion‐based dephasing is the main spoiling mechanism exploited in AFI. However, a very low diffusion in fat may make the spoiling insufficient, leading to ghosts in the B1 maps. As the errors retain the chemical‐shift signature of fat, their impact can be minimized using chemical‐shift‐based fat signal removal from AFI acquisition modified to include multi‐echo readout. The source of the errors and the proposed correction were studied in simulations and phantom and in‐vivo imaging experiments.

Results

Our results support that AFI artifacts are caused by the incomplete fat spoiling present in clinically attractive short TR acquisition regimes. The correction eliminated the ghosting and significantly improved the B1 mapping accuracy as well as the accuracy of R1 mapping performed with AFI‐derived B1 maps.

Conclusions

The incomplete fat signal spoiling may be a source of AFI B1 mapping errors, especially in subjects with high fat content. Achieving complete fat spoiling requires longer TR, which is undesirable in clinical applications. The proposed approach based on fat signal removal can reduce errors without significant prolongation of the AFI pulse sequence. We propose that, when attaining complete fat spoiling is not feasible, AFI mapping should be performed in a multi‐echo regime with appropriate fat separation or suppression to minimize these errors.
Normalized Newton method to solve generalized tensor eigenvalue problems
Authors: Pakmanesh Mehri , Afshin Hamidreza , Hajarian Masoud
Published: January 2024

The problem of generalized tensor eigenvalue is the focus of this paper. To solve the problem, we suggest using the normalized Newton generalized eigenproblem approach (NNGEM). Since the rate of convergence of the spectral gradient projection method (SGP), the generalized eigenproblem adaptive power (GEAP), and other approaches is only linear, they are significantly improved by our proposed method, which is demonstrated to be locally and cubically convergent. Additionally, the modified normalized Newton method (MNNM), which converges to symmetric tensors Z‐eigenpairs under the same ‐Newton stability requirement, is extended by the NNGEM technique. Using a Gröbner basis, a polynomial system solver (NSolve) generates all of the real eigenvalues for us. To illustrate the efficacy of our methodology, we present a few numerical findings.
Yoga as a non‐pharmacologic therapy to reduce dinutuximab‐induced pain in patients with neuroblastoma
Authors: Parisio Katie N. , Kulp Tonia , Heil Maureen , Li Yimei , Dalton Kristen , McGrath Margaret , Carlowicz Cecilia , Donnelly Meghan , Bagatell Rochelle , Jubelirer Tracey
Published: January 2024

Background

Anti‐GD2 antibodies are key components of treatment for high‐risk neuroblastoma; however, they cause neuropathic pain. Yoga therapy may help reduce pain and distress associated with anti‐GD2 therapy.

Procedure

Children 3 years of age or older with neuroblastoma participated in individualized yoga therapy while receiving the anti‐GD2 antibody dinutuximab (DIN). Yoga therapy was deemed feasible if patients participated during 60% or more of DIN admissions. Patients and caregivers assessed pain/distress before and after yoga therapy with a distress thermometer (DT) and Wong‐Baker FACES pain rating scale and completed questionnaires regarding satisfaction with yoga therapy. Therapy was deemed efficacious if there was a ≥1 point pain score change and reduction in distress after yoga.

Results

Eighteen patients were enrolled; 52 encounters (admissions for DIN) were evaluable. Ten of 18 were female, three of 18 were Hispanic, and 10/18 were White. Median age at enrollment was 5.5 years (range: 3–11). Yoga therapy was feasible in 39/52 (75%) encounters. Significant reductions in caregiver‐reported pain and distress and reductions in patient‐reported pain and distress after yoga therapy were reported. Twelve of 18 caregivers completed questionnaires: seven agreed/strongly agreed that yoga was valuable, and nine agreed/strongly agreed to continued participation in yoga. Thirty‐four of 36 clinicians reported that they would recommend yoga therapy for other patients receiving DIN.

Conclusions

Yoga therapy was feasible during DIN therapy and may be effective in reducing DIN‐associated pain and distress. Future studies are needed to evaluate changes in opioid usage with the addition of yoga therapy during anti‐GD2 antibody therapy.
The relationship between emotional interaction and learning engagement in online collaborative learning: Moderated mediating effect
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Xiaoying , Li Shanshan , Ma Tianshu , Poni Liu M. N. , Sun Hongzhi
Published: January 2024

The prevalence of collaborative learning in online virtual environments is on the rise. It is vital to investigate the effect of emotional interaction on the learning engagement of students. The university students who participated in 16 h of online collaborative learning responded to an anonymous survey. The instruments included Collaborative Learning Emotional Interaction Scale, Loneliness Scale, Positive and Negative Rumination Scale, and Learning Engagement Scale. The mediating and moderating roles of variables were tested. Both positive and negative emotional interactions in online collaborative learning positively predicted learning engagement. Positive emotional interaction can inversely predict loneliness, while negative emotional interaction has a positive effect on loneliness. Loneliness inversely predicts learning engagement. In the low level of positive rumination, loneliness has a significant inhibitory effect on learning engagement, and the effect is much greater than that in the high level of positive rumination. In online collaborative learning, loneliness mediates the effect of learners' emotional interaction on learning engagement. The level of positive rumination moderated the connection between loneliness and learning engagement, the second part of the mediation model. We can begin by increasing learners' positive rumination and reducing the detrimental impact of negative emotional interaction and isolation on learning engagement in online collaborative learning.
Reading motivation and learning strategies among Chinese EFL learners
Authors: Li Hong , Wang Chuang , Gan Zhengdong , Hoi Cathy Ka Weng
Published: January 2024

Given the preeminent role of students' reading motivation in their academic success in reading, which determines the quality and intensity of cognition and behaviors, it is important to investigate the predicative effects of different aspects of reading motivation on students' learning strategies particularly in a foreign language learning context where students usually learn the target language mainly through reading. This study investigated reading motivation and learning strategies as well as the relationships between them among junior and senior Chinese secondary school students. Data were gathered from 405 English as a foreign language (EFL) students from a junior and a senior secondary school in southern China who completed two questionnaires used to measure their reading motivation and learning strategies. Confirmatory factor analyses results supported the fit of the two questionnaires in assessing students' motivational and learning strategy processes in an EFL context. The study found that while the students were largely motivated to engage in English reading extrinsically, these students were also found to adopt control and elaboration strategies frequently in their learning, which somewhat contradicts the stereotypical view of Chinese students as rote learners in the literature. The study revealed significant differences in reading motivation and learning strategies between junior and senior secondary students, which can be interpreted in terms of a competitive and pragmatic learning culture where examinations play an essential role in determining student admission into higher education. Findings of this study contribute to the theoretical and pedagogical discussions on reading motivation and learning strategies in learning EFL.
Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicle cargoes mirror the cardioprotective effects of rivaroxaban in patients with venous thromboembolism
Authors: Weiss Luisa , Uhrig Wido , Kelliher Sarah , Szklanna Paulina B. , Prendiville Tadhg , Comer Shane P. , Edebiri Osasere , Egan Karl , Lennon Áine , Kevane Barry , Murphy Sean , Ní Áinle Fionnuala , Maguire Patricia B.
Published: January 2024

Background

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Rivaroxaban, a direct oral factor Xa inhibitor, mediates anti‐inflammatory and cardiovascular‐protective effects besides its well‐established anticoagulant properties; yet, these remain poorly characterized. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered proinflammatory messengers regulating a myriad of (patho)physiological processes and may be highly relevant to the pathophysiology of VTE. The effects of Rivaroxaban on circulating EVs in VTE patients remain unknown. We have established that differential EV biosignatures are found in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation anticoagulated with Rivaroxaban versus warfarin. Here, we investigated whether differential proteomic profiles of circulating EVs could also be found in patients with VTE.

Methods and Results

We performed comparative label‐free quantitative proteomic profiling of enriched plasma EVs from VTE patients anticoagulated with either Rivaroxaban or warfarin using a tandem mass spectrometry approach. Of the 182 quantified proteins, six were found to be either exclusive to, or enriched in, Rivaroxaban‐treated patients. Intriguingly, these proteins are involved in negative feedback regulation of inflammatory and coagulation pathways, suggesting that EV proteomic signatures may reflect both Rivaroxaban's anti‐coagulatory and anti‐inflammatory potential.

Conclusions

These differences suggest Rivaroxaban may have pleiotropic effects, supporting the reports of its emerging anti‐inflammatory and cardiovascular‐protective characteristics relative to warfarin.
Globin phylogeny, evolution and function, the newest update
Authors: Schuster Claudio David , Salvatore Franco , Moens Luc , Martí Marcelo Adrián
Published: January 2024

Our globin census update allows us to refine our vision of globin origin, evolution, and structure to function relationship in the context of the currently accepted tree of life. The modern globin domain originates as a single domain, three‐over‐three α‐helical folded structure before the diversification of the kingdoms of life (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya). Together with the diversification of prokaryotes, three monophyletic globin families (M, S, and T) emerged, most likely in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, displaying specific sequence and structural features, and spread by vertical and horizontal gene transfer, most probably already present in the last universal common ancestor (LUCA). Non‐globin domains were added, and eventually lost again, creating multi‐domain structures in key branches of M‐ (FHb and Adgb) and the vast majority of S globins, which with their coevolved multi‐domain architectures, have predominantly “sensor” functions. Single domain T‐family globins diverged into four major groups and most likely display functions related to reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNOS) chemistry, as well as oxygen storage/transport which drives the evolution of its major branches with their characteristic key distal residues (B10, E11, E7, and G8). M‐family evolution also lead to distinctive major types (FHb and Fgb, Ngb, Adgb, GbX vertebrate Gbs), and shows the shift from high oxygen affinity controlled by TyrB10‐Gln/AsnE11 likely related to RNOS chemistry in microorganisms, to a moderate oxygen affinity storage/transport function controlled by hydrophobic B10/E11–HisE7 in multicellular animals.
Garlic‐derived compounds: Epigenetic modulators and their antitumor effects
Authors: Zhang Huan , Wang Haichao , Qin Lin , Lin Shuye
Published: January 2024

Cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease that poses a serious threat to human health worldwide. Despite significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, the prognosis and survival rate of cancer remain poor due to late diagnosis, drug resistance, and adverse reactions. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the development mechanism of cancer and formulate effective therapeutic interventions. As widely available bioactive substances, natural products have shown obvious anticancer potential, especially by targeting abnormal epigenetic changes. The main active part of garlic is organic sulfur compounds, of which diallyl trisulfide (DATS) content is the highest, accounting for more than 40% of the total composition. The garlic‐derived compounds have been recognized as an antioxidant for cancer prevention and treatment. However, the molecular mechanism of the antitumor effect of garlic‐derived compounds remains unclear. Recent studies have identified garlic‐derived compound DATS that plays critical roles in enhancing CpG demethylation or promoting histone acetylation as an epigenetic inhibitor. Here, we review the therapeutic progress of garlic‐derived compounds against cancer through epigenetic pathways.
The controversy of SARS‐CoV‐2 integration into the human genome
Authors: AL‐Eitan Laith , Mihyar Ahmad
Published: January 2024

Bat borne disease have attracted many researchers for years. The ability of the bat to host several exogenous viruses has been a focal point in research lately. The latest pandemic shifted the focus of scholars towards understanding the difference in response to viral infection between humans and bats. In a way to understand the basis of the interaction and behaviour between SARS‐CoV‐2 and the environment, a conflict between different researchers across the globe arose. This conflict asked many questions about the truth of virus‐host integration, whether an interaction between RNA viruses and human genomes has ever been reported, the possible route and mechanism that could lead to genomic integration of viral sequences and the methods used to detect integration. This article highlights those questions and will discuss the diverse opinions of the controversy and provide examples on reported integration mechanisms and possible detection techniques.
A framework for measuring the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goal 4.2 (Quality Preprimary Education) at the local scale: an empirical study in Nanjing, China
Authors: Luo Haifeng , Zhao Xiang , Zhang Yiqing , Cai Bocheng
Published: January 2024

Equalizing preprimary education is vital for promoting social welfare and aligns with the UN's 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 4.2 which advocates equal and adequate access to quality preprimary education for all children. We developed an accessibility‐based analysis framework to assess the SDG 4.2 progress at local scale, providing improved policy recommendations for local governments by considering spatiality, equality, and adequacy across different spatial scales. The Huff–G2SFCA model was used at the grid scale to capture progress and spatial heterogeneity in preprimary education facilities and parental preferences. We used the Gini coefficient to measure the resource distribution equality at the subdistrict and district scales. The adequacy of resources across districts was evaluated using the supply–demand ratio. Our findings in Nanjing highlight challenges due to inadequate and unequal allocation of preprimary education resources, hindering SDG 4.2 advancement. Approximately 8% of children face difficulties accessing quality preprimary education, and a Gini coefficient of 0.52 indicating educational inequality. Despite positive progress in Nanjing's central urban area, suburban, and rural regions, especially the Gaochun and Lishui Districts, face significant challenges of preprimary education resource adequacy and equality in their pursuit of SDG 4.2.
The role of late adolescents' emotion regulation in the experience of COVID‐19 lockdown: A longitudinal study
Authors: Musso Pasquale , Inguglia Cristiano , Wiium Nora , Coco Alida Lo , Liga Francesca , Albiero Paolo , Bartolo Maria Giuseppina , Cassibba Rosalinda , Barrett Martyn , Tenenbaum Harriet , Burns Maria Bethany , Ingoglia Sonia
Published: January 2024

The COVID‐19 pandemic may be considered a unique mass‐trauma experience. This study examined the relations between Italian late adolescents' emotion regulation strategies, their anxiety states, and their experience of the lockdown (in terms of discomfort related to restrictions, capacities to create new functional daily routines, and to find positive changes in one's own life) during the first wave of this pandemic. We analysed how participants' reports of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression were associated with anxiety states during the 2020 Italian COVID‐19 lockdown (large scale physical distancing and movement restrictions) and one month after the lockdown restrictions had been removed. We also examined how cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, and anxiety states were linked to late adolescents' experience of lockdown. The participants were 497 Italian adolescents, aged from 17 to 24 years (Mage = 21.11, SD = 1.83). A longitudinal structural equation modelling showed that emotion regulation strategies and anxiety states were not associated across time. Cognitive reappraisal was positively associated with routine reorganization and positive changes. In contrast, participants' expressive suppression was negatively related to their discomfort related to restrictions, ability to functionally reorganise their daily routine, and ability to find positive changes related to the COVID‐19 emergency. Anxiety was positively linked to discomfort related to restrictions. The findings are discussed in light of the current literature related to emotion regulation and anxiety. Limitations and implications for practice are presented.
Rational Design of Dynamically Super‐Tough and Super‐Stretchable Hydrogels for Deformable Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Mo Funian , Hang Lifeng , Xu Maji , Cheng Lukuan , Cui Mangwei , Chen Lina , Liang Guojin , Wei Jun
Published: January 2024

Hydrogels possess unique polymer networks that offer flexibility/stretchability, high ionic conductivity, and resistance to electrolyte leakage, making them suitable for deformable energy storage devices. Endowing the mechanical functionality of the hydrogel electrolytes focus on either enhancing the stretchability or the toughness. However, the stretchability and the toughness are generally a trade‐off that the stretchable gels are intrinsically prone to damage and sensitive to notches and cracks. Here, the regulating strategies on the hydrogel's mechanical properties are provided to develop the designated hydrogel electrolyte, where different polymeric network structures are constructed, including single network structures, semi‐interpenetrating network structures, and interpenetrating dual‐network structures. A comprehensive comparison of these polymer network structures is conducted to evaluate their mechanical stretchability and toughness. Designing super‐tough and super‐stretchable hydrogels based on specific application requirements can be realized by striking a balance by regulating the hydrogel structure. In specific, incorporating semi‐interpenetrating networks significantly can enhance stretchability to achieve a break elongation up to 1300%, while the interpenetrating dual‐networks can largely improve the toughness to realize the extraordinary fracture toughness of 6.843 kJ m−2. These findings offer valuable designing guidance for designated hydrogel electrolytes and the deformable zinc‐silver battery is demonstrated with high mechanical stability and electrochemical performance.
Sketching Precursor Evolution to Delineate Growth Pathways for Anatase (TiO2) Crystal Design
Authors: Jain Anusha , Kumar Manjesh
Published: January 2024

Engineering advanced functional materials such as Anatase crystals through the molecular tuning of crystal facets is the current enigma of interest pertinent to solving the structure‐property‐performance triad. Developing optimal shapes and sizes of crystallite necessitates exploring the nanoscopic growth mechanism via precursor tracking. Here, the tapestry of particles varying in dimensionality (0D–3D), sizes (8–3000 nm), and morphology (aggregated to highly faceted crystals) is generated. To decipher and subsequently modulate the crystallization pathways, high‐resolution microscopy (high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM)) is used to sketch time‐stamped particle evolution. Interestingly, the studies provide evidence for 4‐distinct mechanisms where nanoparticles/nanosheets play direct and/or indirect roles in crystallization through multi‐stage aggregation (primary, secondary, and tertiary) beginning with similar growth solutions. The four distinct pathways elucidate bulk particle formation via non‐classical routes of crystallization including nanosheet alignment and aggregation, nanocrystallite formation and fusion, nanobeads formation and attachment, and direct nanosheet incorporation in bulk crystals. Notably, the direct evidence of flexible‐partially‐ordered nanosheets being subsumed along the contours of bulk crystals is captured. These novel syntheses generated uniquely faceted particles with high‐indexed surface planes such as (004), (200), and (105), amenable to photocatalytic applications.
VARPA: In Silico Additive Screening for Protein‐Based Lighting Devices
Authors: Banda‐Vázquez Jesús Agustín , Mauz Alexander , Werner Juan Pablo Fuenzalida , Costa Rubén D.
Published: January 2024

Protein optoelectronics is an emerging field facing implementation and stabilization challenges of proteins in harsh non‐natural environments, such as dry polymers, inorganic materials, etc., operating at high temperatures/irradiations. In this context, additives promoting structural and functional protein stabilization are paramount to realize highly performing devices. On one hand, trial‐error experimental assays based on previous knowledge of classical additives in aqueous solutions are effort/time‐consuming, while their translation to water‐less matrices is uncertain. On the other hand, computational simulations (molecular dynamics, electronic structure methods, etc.) are limited by the system size and time. Herein, ligand‐binding affinity and atomic perturbations to create a day‐fast computational method combining Vina And Rosetta for Protein Additives (VARPA) to simulate the stabilization effect of sugars for the archetypal enhanced green fluorescent protein embedded in a standard dry polymer color‐converting filter for bio‐hybrid light‐emitting diodes is merged. The VARPA's sugar additive prediction trend for protein stabilization is nicely validated by thermal and photophysical studies as well as lighting device analysis. The device stability followed the predicted enhanced stability trend, reaching a 40‐fold improvement compared to reference devices. Overall, VARPA can be adapted to a myriad of additives and proteins, driving first‐step experimental efforts toward highly performing protein devices.
Enhanced recovery after surgery after radical gastrectomy: Improved compliance over time is associated with a shorter postoperative hospital stay
Authors: Tankel James , Kammili Anitha , Meng Andrew , Dehghani Mehrnoush , Sakalla Rawan , Spicer Jonathan , Najmeh Sara , Cools‐Lartigue Jonathan , Ferri Lorenzo , Mueller Carmen
Published: January 2024

Background

Changing adherence over time to enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols following radical gastrectomy and the impact this has on length of stay (LoS) is not well described. This study aimed to explore the changes in adherence to core ERAS elements over time and the relationship between compliance and LoS.

Methods

A retrospective, single center cohort study was performed between 01/2016–12/2021. An ad hoc analysis revealed the point at which a significant difference in the number of patients being discharge on postoperative day (PoD) 3 was noted allowing allocation of patients to Group A (01/2016–12/2019) or B (01/2020–12/2021). Compliance with core ERAS elements was compared and the relationship between compliance and discharge by (PoD) 3 assessed. Variables significant on univariate analysis were assessed using binary multivariate regression.

Results

Of the 268 patients identified, 187 met the inclusion criteria (Group A 112 and Group B 75). More patients in Group B mobilized on PoD 1 (60.0 vs. 31.3%, p = <0.001), tolerated postgastrectomy diet by PoD 3 (84.6 vs. 62.5%, p = 0.049), and were discharged by PoD 3 (34.7 vs. 20.5%, p = 0.002). Protocol compliance of >75% was associated with discharge on PoD 3 (area under the curve, 0.726). Active mobilization on PoD 1 (OR 3.5, p = 0.009), compliance ≥75% (OR 3.3, p = 0.036), and preoperative nutritional consult (OR 0.2, p = 0.002) were independently associated with discharge on PoD 3. Discharge on PoD 3 did not increase readmission or representation to hospital.

Conclusion

Early mobilization, protocol compliance >75%, and preoperative nutritional consult were associated with discharge on PoD 3 after radical gastrectomy.
Seeking for non‐friendly chemical elements in tabletop sugar and zero to low‐calorie sweetener sachets
Authors: Moussa Hussein Abdul Karim , Espinola Diego Osmar Galeano , Hernández Sandy González , Hönnicke Marcelo G.
Published: January 2024

Different tabletop sugar and zero to low‐calorie sweetener samples (sachets) of different suppliers, taken randomly, at different cafeterias in Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay have been selected, for spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis, to figure out if they can present non‐friendly components in their composition. Traces of sulfites and aluminosilicates make only 2 out of 16 tabletop sugar sweetener samples safe. On the other hand, traces of sucrose, lactose, sulfites, and aspartame, make only 1 out of 13 tabletop zero to low‐calorie sweetener samples, safe.
The Role of Cavitation in Creep-Fatigue Interaction
Authors: Sandström Rolf
Published: January 2024

There are many empirical models for the development of creep and fatigue damage. The perhaps most well-known ones are Robison’s and Miner’s damage summation rules. They are based on the mechanical behavior during monotonous and cyclic loading. To improve the accuracy of the damage assessment, it is important to analyze the changes in the microstructure as well, not least the cavitation. To describe cyclic loading, special empirical models have often been used in the past, some with numerous adjustable parameters. Recently, a model for cyclic loading has been formulated that is based on the corresponding expressions for monotonous loading. The main change is that the value of the dynamic recovery constant is increased. In this way, cyclic hysteresis loops can be reproduced without adjustable parameters. Cavitation is believed to be of the same technical importance during cyclic as during static loading. In spite of this, the number of studies of cavitation during cyclic loading is quite limited. One set of data exists for a 1Cr0.5Mo steel. The static cavitation models have been transferred to cyclic conditions. It is demonstrated that these models can describe the cavitation both during low cycle fatigue (LCF) and combined creep and LCF.
Primary Creep
Authors: Sandström Rolf
Published: January 2024

For many materials, primary creep can be described with the phi (ϕ) model and tertiary creep with the Omega (Ω) model (discussed in Chap. 12). According to the phi model, the creep rate is linear in strain and time in a double logarithmic diagram. When using empirical descriptions of the creep curves, these models are recommended. Several basic models for primary creep are derived. They are based on the creep rate in the secondary stage. This means that primary creep can be derived without any new data. The primary creep models are in agreement with the phi model and can describe experimental data. For the martensitic 9–12% Cr steels at least two dislocation densities are needed to represent primary creep because the initial dislocation density is high contrary to the situation for annealed fcc materials.
Grain Boundary Sliding
Authors: Sandström Rolf
Published: January 2024

During plastic deformation at elevated temperatures, grains move relative to each other which is referred to as grain boundary sliding (GBS). The amount of GBS is proportional to the creep strain with a proportionality constant that is known from finite element analyses, and found to agree with experiments for Cu. The most import effect of GBS is that it gives rise to the initiation of creep cavities, Chap. 10. GBS is also the main mechanism for superplasticity. A basic model for superplasticity is presented.
Semilinear De Morgan monoids and epimorphisms
Authors: Wannenburg J. J. , Raftery J. G.
Published: January 2024

A representation theorem is proved for De Morgan monoids that are (i) semilinear, i.e., subdirect products of totally ordered algebras, and (ii) negatively generated, i.e., generated by lower bounds of the neutral element. Using this theorem, we prove that the De Morgan monoids satisfying (i) and (ii) form a variety—in fact, a locally finite variety. We then prove that epimorphisms are surjective in every variety of negatively generated semilinear De Morgan monoids. In the process, epimorphism-surjectivity is established for several other classes as well, including the variety of all semilinear idempotent commutative residuated lattices and all varieties of negatively generated semilinear Dunn monoids. The results settle natural questions about Beth-style definability for a range of substructural logics.
Mechano-thermic reduction of low-grade titanium ore for high-grade TiO2 synthesis
Authors: Mojisola Tajudeen , Ramakokovhu Munyadziwa Mercy , Olubambi Peter Apata
Published: January 2024

A systematic study on the mechano-thermic reduction of low-grade ilmenite concentrate for the production of high-grade TiO2 powder used in the production of non-oxide ceramics for cutting tool applications has been successfully carried out. Samples were prepared via planetary ball milling and carbothermic reduction processes, and the as-reduced product was subsequently leached in order to improve the synthesized TiO2 by removing the metallic iron in it and other minor soluble impurities dissolved in the iron. The mechano-thermic reduction was achieved by milling a representative mixture of ilmenite and carbon in a molar ratio of 1:1, followed by carbothermic reduction at 1000 °C in a laboratory high-temperature furnace for 60 min. The as-reduced product was subsequently leached at 80 °C for 6 h in a hydrochloric acid solution. It was found that there was a complete reduction of ilmenite to metallic iron and TiO2 at 1000 °C. The results of the FESEM showed there were only two distinct regions of metallic iron (bright region) and titanium dioxide (grey region) with minor traces of unreacted carbon (dark spots), although there was clear regional demarcation between these regions. However, the iron dissolution during the acid treatment was almost 100% as there were no peaks of iron in the as-leached powder. The results of these analyses confirmed the synthesis of high-grade TiO2, which finds application in cutting tool applications and other areas such as in reflective pigment production.
New bacteriophage-derived lysins, LysJ and LysF, with the potential to control Bacillus anthracis
Authors: Nakonieczna Aleksandra , Topolska-Woś Agnieszka , Łobocka Małgorzata
Published: January 2024

Bacillus anthracisis an etiological agent of anthrax, a severe zoonotic disease that can be transmitted to people and cause high mortalities. Bacteriophages and their lytic enzymes, endolysins, have potential therapeutic value in treating infections caused by this bacterium as alternatives or complements to antibiotic therapy. They can also be used to identify and detectB. anthracis.Endolysins of twoB. anthracis Wbetavirusphages, J5a and F16Ba which were described by us recently, differ significantly from the best-knownB. anthracisphage endolysin PlyG fromWbetavirusgenus bacteriophage Gamma and a few otherWbetavirusgenus phages. They are larger than PlyG (351 vs. 233 amino acid residues), contain a signal peptide at their N-termini, and, by prediction, have a different fold of cell binding domain suggesting different structural basis of cell epitope recognition. We purified in a soluble form the modified versions of these endolysins, designated by us LysJ and LysF, respectively, and depleted of signal peptides. Both modified endolysins could lyse theB. anthraciscell wall in zymogram assays. Their activity against the living cells ofB. anthracisand other species ofBacillusgenus was tested by spotting on the layers of bacteria in soft agar and by assessing the reduction of optical density of bacterial suspensions. Both methods proved the effectiveness of LysJ and LysF in killing the anthrax bacilli, although the results obtained by each method differed. Additionally, the lytic efficiency of both proteins was different, which apparently correlates with differences in their amino acid sequence.

Key points

• LysJ and LysF are B. anthracis-targeting lysins differing from lysins studied so far

• LysJ and LysF could be overproduced in E. coli in soluble and active forms

• LysJ and LysF are active in killing cells of B. anthracis virulent strains
Metabolic engineering of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii for hydrogen production
Authors: Cha Minseok , Kim Jung Kon , Lee Won-Heong , Song Hyoungwoon , Lee Tae-Gi , Kim Sun-Ki , Kim Soo-Jung
Published: January 2024

Hydrogen is an alternative fuel for transportation vehicles because it is clean, sustainable, and highly flammable. However, the production of hydrogen from lignocellulosic biomass by microorganisms presents challenges. This microbial process involves multiple complex steps, including thermal, chemical, and mechanical treatment of biomass to remove hemicellulose and lignin, as well as enzymatic hydrolysis to solubilize the plant cell walls. These steps not only incur costs but also result in the production of toxic hydrolysates, which inhibit microbial growth. A hyper-thermophilic bacterium of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii can produce hydrogen by decomposing and fermenting plant biomass without the need for conventional pretreatment. It is considered as a consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) microorganism. This review summarizes the basic scientific knowledge and hydrogen-producing capacity of C. bescii. Its genetic system and metabolic engineering strategies to improve hydrogen production are also discussed.

Key points

• Hydrogen is an alternative and eco-friendly fuel.

• Caldicellulosiruptor bescii produces hydrogen with a high yield in nature.

• Metabolic engineering can make C. bescii to improve hydrogen production.
Low-frequency pitch coding: relationships with speech-in-noise and music perception by pediatric populations with typical hearing and cochlear implants
Authors: Dinçer D’Alessandro Hilal , Nicastri Maria , Portanova Ginevra , Giallini Ilaria , Russo Francesca Yoshie , Magliulo Giuseppe , Greco Antonio , Mancini Patrizia
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the effects of low frequency (LF) pitch perception on speech-in-noise and music perception performance by children with cochlear implants (CIC) and typical hearing (THC). Moreover, the relationships between speech-in-noise and music perception as well as the effects of demographic and audiological factors on present research outcomes were studied.

Methods

The sample consisted of 22 CIC and 20 THC (7–10 years). Harmonic intonation (HI) and disharmonic intonation (DI) tests were used to assess LF pitch perception. Speech perception in quiet (WRSq)/noise (WRSn + 10) were tested with the Italian bisyllabic words for pediatric populations. The Gordon test was used to evaluate music perception (rhythm, melody, harmony, and overall).

Results

CIC/THC performance comparisons for LF pitch, speech-in-noise, and all music measures except harmony revealed statistically significant differences with large effect sizes. For the CI group, HI showed statistically significant correlations with melody discrimination. Melody/total Gordon scores were significantly correlated with WRSn + 10. For the overall group, HI/DI showed significant correlations with all music perception measures and WRSn + 10. Hearing thresholds showed significant effects on HI/DI scores. Hearing thresholds and WRSn + 10 scores were significantly correlated; both revealed significant effects on all music perception scores. CI age had significant effects on WRSn + 10, harmony, and total Gordon scores (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Such findings confirmed the significant effects of LF pitch perception on complex listening performance. Significant speech-in-noise and music perception correlations were as promising as results from recent studies indicating significant positive effects of music training on speech-in-noise recognition in CIC.
Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) for local excision of benign and malignant rectal neoplasia: a 7-year experience
Authors: Duggan William P. , Heagney Niall , Gray Sean , Hannan Enda , Burke John P.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) is an advanced transanal platform that can be utilised to perform high-quality local excision (LE) of rectal neoplasia. This study describes clinical and midterm oncological outcomes from a single unit’s 7-year experience with TAMIS.

Methods

Consecutive patients who underwent TAMIS LE at our institution between January 1st, 2016, and December 31st, 2022, were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Indication for TAMIS LE was benign lesions not amenable to endoscopic excision or histologically favourable early rectal cancers. The primary endpoints were resection quality, disease recurrence and peri-operative outcomes. The Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were used to describe disease-free survival (DFS) for patients with rectal adenocarcinoma that did not receive immediate salvage proctectomy.

Results

There were 168 elective TAMIS LE procedures performed for 102 benign and 66 malignant lesions. Overall, a 95.2% negative margin rate was observed, and 96.4% of lesions were submitted without fragmentation. Post-operative morbidity was recorded in 8.3% of patients, with post-operative haemorrhage, being the most common complication encountered. The mean follow-up was 17 months (SD 15). Local recurrence occurred in 1.6%, and distant organ metastasis was noted in 1.6% of patients.

Conclusions

For carefully selected patients, TAMIS for local excision of early rectal neoplasia is a valid option with low morbidity that maintains the advantages of organ preservation.
Hybrid PBF-LB/M of Pure Copper for Hairpin Winding Heads of Electric Traction Drives
Authors: Putz Carsten , Reich Stefan , Ziegler Stephan , Schleifenbaum Johannes Henrich , Bajah Yazan , Buscher Martin
Published: January 2024

In the automotive sector, the so-called hairpin technology currently dominates the copper winding of stators in traction drives. In addition to the advantages of higher power density and deterministic production process steps, the winding technology also entails complexities and disadvantages. The production of hairpin stators requires high investments for production machines and their highly complex tools for manufacturing the windings. In addition, it is a major challenge to integrate variant flexibility in these production lines. Producing different product variants of a hairpin stator is only possible with additional costs for tools of the individual lines. In contrast, additive manufacturing technologies enable tool-free production of complex 3D geometries.

In the field of PBF-LB/M, the processability of pure copper for electrical applications has been intensively researched and improved in recent years. Therefore, the approach of printing complex winding heads of a hairpin winding directly on conventional copper conductors using PBF-LB/M process is researched in this study. Challenges regarding alignment in the hybrid process as well as redesign using design automation methods considering restrictions and boundary conditions are faced and investigated. By integrating additive manufacturing in hairpin stator production and developing an innovative production process chain, process steps, machines and tools can thus be substituted. By exploiting design potentials of additive manufacturing, winding head heights can additionally be reduced, thus reducing losses in the e‑machine and saving quantities of copper material. The approach is validated using a hairpin stator from the automotive sector. The same conventionally produced hairpin stator is used as a benchmark to evaluate the results achieved by the hybrid stator in a production engineering context.
Radiation-induced xerostomia and cariogenic dietary habits
Authors: Kawashima Miho , Kawabata Takanori , Ando Chikako , Sakuma Megumi , Aoyama Takashi , Ogawa Hirofumi , Yokota Tomoya , Onozawa Yusuke , Mukaigawa Takashi , Nishimura Tetsuo , Mori Keita , Yurikusa Takashi
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Despite the availability of various prevention methods, dental caries continue to be diagnosed in patients receiving head and neck radiotherapy (RT). Since conventional approaches do not evaluate posttreatment alterations in dietary behaviors, we aimed to assess the influence of radiation-induced xerostomia on post-RT cariogenic dietary habits in patients.

Methods

Fifty-seven patients completed the Xerostomia Questionnaire (XQ) and answered questions regarding daily cariogenic food and beverage (CFB) intake, daily tooth brushing, fluoride application, and subjective total taste acuity (STTA). They also underwent evaluations to determine the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) score, Saxon test score, number of decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT), and proportion of DMFT to the test teeth (DMFT rate). Clinical records were searched for information regarding RT modalities, including the median of the mean dose to the parotid glands, days after the completion of RT, submandibular gland resection, whole-neck irradiation, and the DMFT value and rate before RT. The patients were divided into low and high XQ score groups based on the median XQ score of 47.5 for the two sample tests. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were used to identify independent factors for frequent CFB intake.

Results

Higher XQ scores were associated with a significantly greater frequency of CFB intake (p = 0.028*). Regression analysis also identified a higher XQ score (p = 0.017*) as an independent risk factor for frequent CFB intake.

Conclusion

Radiation-induced xerostomia increased the frequency of CFB intake.
Bourgain-Brezis-Mironescu formula for $$W^{s,p}_q$$-spaces in arbitrary domains
Authors: Mohanta Kaushik
Published: January 2024

Under certain restrictions ons, p, q, the Triebel-Lizorkin spaces can be viewed as generalised fractional Sobolev spaces$$W^{s,p}_q$$Wqs,p. In this article, we show that the Bourgain-Brezis-Mironescu formula holds for$$W^{s,p}_q$$Wqs,p-seminorms in arbitrary domain. This addresses an open question raised by Brazke-Schikorra-Yung (Calc Var Partial Differ Equ 62(2):41–33, (2023).