bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting men’s involvement in maternity waiting home utilization in North Achefer district, Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Asmare Getachew , Nigatu Dabere , Debela Yamrot
Published: February 2022

Background

Maternity waiting home (MWH) is a direct strategy to improve newborn and maternal survival. The utilization of MWH, however, remains very low in Ethiopia. Men involvement in maternal health programs is a key strategy to increase utilization of maternal health services, including MWH. This study defines men involvement in-terms of men’s participation in deciding to admit their spouse to an MWH, accompanying their spouse to an MWH, providing financial support, availing food at an MWH, and taking care of the home or children. Thus, the current study aims to identify factors affecting men’s involvement in MWH utilization.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1st to December 30th, 2018. Four hundred three men were involved in the study. Data were analyzed by the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 23. Independent predictors were identified by a multivariable logistic regression model. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.

Results

Men’s involvement in MWH was 55.6% (50.71, 60.45). Age (AOR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.82–0.94), knowledge about MWH (AOR = 4.74, 95% CI = 2.65–8.49), decision-making power (AOR = 4.00, 95% CI = 1.38–11.57), and receiving counseling about MWH during spousal antenatal care visits (AOR = 9.15, 95% CI = 3.34–25.03) had statistically significant associations with men’s involvement in MWH utilization.

Conclusions

Nearly, half of the male partners were involved in MWH utilization. Men’s age, MWH knowledge, decision-making power, and receiving counseling were factors affecting their involvement in MWH utilization. Interventions targeting to improve male involvement in MWH utilization should focus on building men’s knowledge about MWH, increasing male involvement in ANC with an appropriate level of counseling about MWH, and changing patriarchal thinking in society with appropriate behavioral interventions such as community-based health education.
ADP-ribosylation factor 6 expression increase in oesophageal adenocarcinoma suggests a potential biomarker role for it
Authors: Kanamarlapudi Venkateswarlu , Tamaddon-Jahromi Salman , Murphy Kate
Published: February 2022

ADP-ribosylation factor 6 small GTPase plays an important role in cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis, which are the hallmarks of cancer. Although alterations in ARF6 expression and activity have been linked to metastatic cancer in one or two tissues, the expression of ARF6 in cancers over a wide range of tissues has not been studied so far. In this report, we analysed the expression of ARF6 mRNA in cancers and corresponding healthy controls from 17 different tissues by real-time qualitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). We further evaluated ARF6 protein expression in oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) tissue microarray cores by immunohistochemistry. The ARF6 gene expression levels are highly variable between healthy and cancer tissues. Our findings suggest that the ARF6 gene expression is up-regulated highest in oesophageal cancer. In EAC TMAs, ARF6 protein expression increase correlated with EAC progression. This is the first study to investigate ARF6 gene expression in a wide array of cancer tissues and demonstrate that ARF6 expression, at both mRNA and protein levels, is significantly upregulated in higher grades of EAC, which may be useful in targeting ARF6 for cancer diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Símbolo, geometría y filosofía oriental en la escultura de Oteiza
Authors: León del Río Belén
Published: February 2022

Mediante la activación de los símbolos y la geometría de la escultura de Oteiza el espectador se pondría en consonancia con nuevos tipos de comunicación con su yo interior, lo que significará una transición hacia metas nuevas, donde el arte nos ayudaría a tener un discernimiento más profundo de nosotros mismos, abriendo nuestra mente a lo que estaría más allá de la consciencia. En este artículo veremos cómo la escultura de Oteiza tendría relación con nuestra historia evolutiva, presentando una simbología que no sólo recuperaría nuestro pasado mediante formas arquetípicas, sino que ya se estarían dando pasos en el descubrimiento de nuevos símbolos que tendrían también que ver con nuestro futuro evolutivo. Estos símbolos y arquetipos que subyacen en la geometría de su obra recuperarían la filosofía de Oriente teniendo una enorme importancia como armonizadores de nuestra existencia, mediante la aplicación de nuestras capacidades perceptivas e intuitivas.
Límite, juego y horizonte
Authors: Panea Fernández José Luis
Published: February 2022

El artículo recorre los conceptos de límite, juego y horizonte a partir de la obra del artista Nacho Martín Encinas tras su reciente exposición Líneas de flotación (2021). Desde este punto de partida, se presenta un texto que pretende sumar una dimensión reflexiva a la obra del autor no tanto desde una mirada “pictoricista”, en el sentido del primer Wittgenstein, sino entendiendo el propio “ensayo como forma” según la tesis adorniana acerca de las posibilidades –fragmentarias, no totalizantes, connotativas y no denotativas– del propio medio escritural. Estos conceptos nos servirán así para explorar, desde lo particular a lo general, tanto las condiciones materiales del proceso artístico como de los espacios que en que este es acogido. Se pretende, entonces, esbozar otro modo de escritura no tanto que verse “sobre” las artes, sino “en” y “desde” las artes mismas, siguiendo a Aurora Fernández-Polanco en línea con las recientes aportaciones del artistic research, con nombres destacados como Susan Buck-Morss, George Didi-Huberman o Aby Warburg.
'Contigo no Bitxo', iniciativa de acercamiento del equipo de conservación a colectivos artísticos
Authors: Alberdi Egués Katrin , Larrañaga Odriozola Jose Luis , Salazar Basañez Haizea
Published: February 2022

¿Cuáles son las herramientas de la conservación-restauración? Seguramente lo primero que nos venga a la cabeza sea la limpieza de obras, su arreglo, etc. pero desde hace tiempo la entrevista ha comenzado a tomar importancia. La entrevista es un método de documentación donde conservar la postura de las/os artistas. No obstante, la manera de abordarla tiene distintos enfoques y todavía, debido a la brecha entre la conservación-restauración y la creación, este acercamiento puede entenderse como un ataque en vez de como un acercamiento. Es imprescindible conocer las obras y sus complejidades. Por ello, las jornadas/congresos dedicadas a la problemática del arte contemporáneo son cada vez más habituales si bien es cierto que la visión que se expone pertenece al área de conservación-restauración. Sin embargo, ¿y si continuamos evolucionando este concepto y dejamos que sean los/as artistas quienes nos cuenten sus casuísticas? Al fin y al cabo, no hay mejor información que la de primera mano.
Buena oportunidad para aprobar ahora una Renta Básica Incondicional en la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca
Authors: ORTEGA Ángel ELÍAS
Published: February 2022

Después de una breve introducción, describo el contenido principal de esta Iniciativa Legislativa Popular, incluyendo una mención a su financiación, tras lo que enumero el respaldo que la Renta Básica Incondicional tiene en los últimos años, para examinar  después los beneficios que derivan de algunas de sus potencialidades como son las de poner fin a la pobreza, generar salud y bienestar, afrontar la creciente desigualdad y avanzar en otros grandes retos como son el cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible.
Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Pasteurella multocida B:2 by macrophages: A comparative study between buffalo and cattle
Authors: Hasnan Qistina , Puspitasari Yulianna , Othman Sarah , Zamri-Saad Mohd , Salleh Annas
Published: February 2022

Background and Aim: Pasteurella multocida B:2 is the causative agent of hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) in buffalo and cattle. Buffaloes are known to be more susceptible to HS than cattle, but the reason for this remains unknown. This study aimed to compare the in vitro efficiency with which buffalo and cattle macrophages can kill P. multocida B:2.

Materials and Methods: Monocyte-derived macrophages of buffalo and cattle were used in this study. They were exposed to 1×106 colony-forming unit/mL of live P. multocida B:2 before the cells were harvested at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min post-exposure and viewed under a fluorescence microscope to count viable and non-viable macrophages and the macrophages with phagocytosing P. multocida B:2 cells. The phagocytosis, intracellular bacterial killing, and macrophage death rates were calculated and compared between the two species and sampling points.

Results: In general, the rates of phagocytosis, intracellular killing, and macrophage death increased with time of exposure for both animal species. No significant (p>0.05) differences were noted between the phagocytosis rates by the macrophages of buffalo and cattle throughout the experiment. However, the rates of intracellular killing were significantly (p<0.05) higher in cattle macrophages at 30 min and 120 min post-exposure than those of buffalo. The death rates of buffalo macrophages were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of cattle at 60 min and 120 min post-exposure.

Conclusion: With higher bacteria killing ability and lower macrophage death, cattle appeared to be more efficient at handling P. multocida B:2 infection than buffalo.
Comprehensive Comparative Analysis of Standard Validated, Genetic, and Novel Biomarkers to Enhance Prognostic Risk-Stratification in Patients With Hepatitis C Virus Cirrhosis
Authors: Innes Hamish , Walker Alex J. , Benselin Jennifer , Grove Jane I. , Pedergnana Vincent , Azim Ansari M. , Lin Shang-Kuan , McLauchlan John , Hutchinson Sharon J. , Barnes Eleanor , Irving William L. , Guha Indra Neil ,   on behalf of the HCV Research UK,   & STOP-HCV,   Consortia
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Risk-stratifying patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhosis according to medium-term prognosis will inform clinical decision-making. It is unclear which biomarkers/models are optimal for this purpose. We quantified the discriminative ability of 14 diverse biomarkers for prognosis prediction over a 4-year time.

METHODS:

We recruited 1196 patients with HCV cirrhosis from the United Kingdom for a prospective study. Genetic risk score, collagen (e.g., PROC3), comorbidity (e.g., CirCom), and validated biomarkers from routine data were measured at enrollment. Participants were linked to UK hospital admission, cancer, and mortality registries. Primary endpoints were (i) liver-related outcomes for patients with compensated cirrhosis and (ii) all-cause mortality for decompensated cirrhosis. The discriminative ability of all biomarkers was quantified individually and also by the fraction of new prognostic information provided.

RESULTS:

At enrollment, 289 (24%) and 907 (76%) had decompensated and compensated cirrhosis, respectively. Participants were followed for 3–4 years on average, with >70% of the follow-up time occurring post-HCV cure. Seventy-five deaths in the decompensated subgroup and 98 liver-related outcomes in the compensated subgroup were reported. The discriminative ability of the albumin-bilirubin-fibrosis-4 index (C-index: 0.71–0.72) was superior to collagen biomarkers (C-index = 0.58–0.67), genetic risk scores (C-index = 0.50–0.57), and comorbidity markers (0.53–0.60). Validated biomarkers showed the greatest prognostic improvement when combined with a comorbidity or a collagen biomarker (generally >30% of new prognostic information added).

DISCUSSION:

Inexpensive biomarkers such as the albumin-bilirubin-fibrosis-4 index predict medium-term cirrhosis prognosis moderately well and outperform collagen, genetic, and comorbidity biomarkers. Improvement of performance was greatest when a validated test was combined with comorbidity or collagen biomarker.
Efecto halo: estudio del café orgánico con diseños de experimentos
Authors: Valencia Cárdenas Marisol , Muñetón Santa Guberney , Restrepo Jorge Aníbal
Published: February 2022

The knowledge of the healthiness of organic products opens possibilities for the improvement of the diet and possible reduction of morbid diseases. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect on the perceived value of coffee labeled organic with respect to aspects such as taste and nutritional perception. Five factorial experiment designs are applied, considering among others, the factor product/coffee label, whose levels are: A, B, organic, regular and C; without informing that A is regular coffee and B is organic coffee and C is regular coffee. The healthiest, most nutritious, and best tasting organic products are perceived; in addition, it is found that the label on the packaging of organic coffee generates a halo effect by predisposing its perception with better flavor and healthy perception over the other types of labeled products, even though one of them is masked with another label being from the same organic. The organic production of coffee has generated added value, increasing the healthy and environmental market, taking advantage of the identity achieved by organic products, as demonstrated in the research by its high perceived added value, contributing in the increase of possibilities of marketing, sales and new developments.
Consumo colaborativo: la confianza, un factor crítico en la intención de compra
Authors: Mejía Delgado Oscar Armando , Mendoza Torres Christian Paulina , Mejía Delgado Yury Yazmin
Published: February 2022

The collaborative consumption is mainly based on digital business models, where three fundamental actors intervene: the service provider, the technological platform (intermediary) and the end-user, in this sense, the trust level developed in this triad determines the durability of the economic model. This paper aims to determine the correlation among trust in the intermediary, service providers and purchase intention. The focus of the study is quantitative, the data collection instrument applied to 233 people was a questionnaire. Among the main findings, the hypotheses raised were verified, a significant positive correlation is evidenced between trust in the technological platform and the intention of purchase, and between trust in service providers and purchase intention.
La inversión en marcas y su relación con los resultados empresariales
Authors: Cardozo-Torres Valentina , Méndez-Morales Alberto , Herrera Milton M.
Published: February 2022

Brands are an intangible asset with high strategic value for organisations. Although brands influence the market, the relationship between investment in these assets and the financial impact on firms is still not very clear. This article aims to understand the way in which the creation, management, and promotion of brands, as intangible assets, have on financial performance of firms, in the same direction, we wonder which are the variables mediating on that relationship. The paper presents a systematic review of the literature of the studies brought related to investment in brands and its impact on organisational performance between 2016 and 2020. The results show the studies refer to two-level relationships between brands and business results, that they use data from perception surveys and third-party databases, and that it has carried these studies out for developing countries. This review contributes with a look at future research directions in relation to investment in intangible assets and organisational performance.
Resonanzaffine Public Relations
Authors: Müller-Brozovic Irena
Published: February 2022

Irena Müller-Brozovic widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage, inwiefern die Public Relations von Musikensembles wechselseitig förderliche Beziehungen mit dem Publikum und der Öffentlichkeit gestalten können. Angetrieben durch den Socio-Cultural Turn suchen die Public Relations eine verstärkte Nähe zum Publikum und begeben sich damit in das Feld der Musikvermittlung. Unter Einbezug der Resonanztheorie nach Hartmut Rosa (2016) wird dargelegt, wie Resonanzaffine Public Relations mit musikvermittelnden Interaktionen zu einem Community Building und zu Transformationsprozessen führen, die auf eine sich verändernde Gesellschaft und Forderungen der Kulturpolitik eingehen.
Eine Konzerttheorie
Authors: Tröndle Martin
Published: February 2022

Martin Tröndle geht in diesem Beitrag folgenden Fragen nach: Wie lässt sich die Entwicklung des Konzertwesens von seinen Anfängen im 16. Jahrhundert bis heute verstehen? Wie könnten die Veränderungen in der Konzertpraxis erklärt und wie gegebenenfalls sogar prospektive Aussagen zum Konzertwesen entwickelt werden? Um sowohl historische Veränderungen im Konzertwesen zu erklären als auch zukünftige einschätzen zu können, bedarf es einer Konzerttheorie. Im ersten Teil des Beitrages verschränkt Martin Tröndle dazu zwei Theorieperspektiven, nämlich die "Evolutionary Aesthetics" und die "Affordanz" (Lewin 1936) miteinander. Mithilfe des zentralen Begriffs der "Aufmerksamkeit" exemplifiziert er eine Konzerttheorie an historischen wie auch aktuellen Entwicklungen.
Musikvermittlung für Erwachsene als kontextuelle Praxis vor und im Konzert
Authors: Wimmer Constanze
Published: February 2022

Der Beitrag beschreibt zunächst die gegenwärtige Praxis der Musikvermittlung für Erwachsene in Gestalt von kontextualisierenden Formaten zu und in Konzerten und richtet den Blick auf historische Wechselwirkungen zwischen Musikvermittlung für Kinder und für Erwachsene. Überlegungen zur Implementierung neuer Konzertformate gehen Hand in Hand mit Überlegungen zur Ausbildungssituation, die Musikvermittler*innen unterschiedlicher Vorbildung - seien sie Musiker*innen, Musikpädagog*innen oder Kulturmanager*innen, derzeit vorfinden.
Wechselwirkungen
Authors: Weber Barbara Balba
Published: February 2022

Barbara Balba Weber widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage, ob und wie ein bewusst inszeniertes Konzert mit Interventionen aus dem Zuschauerraum ein diverses Publikum anziehen könnte. Mit einem Konzertexperiment zeigt sie auf, wie Klassikveranstalter*innen heute handeln sollten, damit kulturelle Teilhabe bisher ausgeschlossener Gesellschaftsgruppen in Zukunft stattfinden kann. Sie tut dies exemplarisch mit einer Gruppe von 20-30-Jährigen, die sie mit dem Stammpublikum eines renommierten Ensembles vermischt. Dabei macht sie vor, wie ein Konzert mittels Involvierung und Vermittlung der unterschiedlichen beteiligten Gruppen so kuratiert werden kann, dass auch eine Aufführung mit unbekannter Alter Musik inhaltlich wie sozial im Sinne eines gelingenden künstlerischen Erlebnisses für unterschiedliche Publikumsgruppen funktioniert.
Reseña / Guía para la elaboración de materiales educativos y comunicacionales I. Materiales escritos (impresos y/o digitales)
Authors: Boruchalski Valeria
Published: February 2022

La Guía aborda y propone modos de producir materiales escritos educativos y comunicacionales en el marco de intervenciones sociales vinculadas a la extensión universitaria.A partir de once puntos, plantea interrogantes al mismo tiempo en que brinda una serie de pautas y recomendaciones. De esta manera, se profundiza en la pertinencia, los destinatarios, las formas de circulación, los tipos de soportes, los modos de validación y las cuestiones legales que se deben tener en cuenta.Con información presentada de manera clara y esquemática, la Guía interpela a los lectores como futuros productores de materiales, invitándolos a diseñar textos accesibles, a incorporar la perspectiva de género y de derechos humanos y a proponer relaciones más justas e igualitarias.
Ambiente, comunidad y salud: un trabajo de campo sobre la leptospirosis en San José del Rincón, Argentina
Authors: Kuttel Valeria Yelena , Rodeles Luz María , Carrera Larisa Ivón , Reus Verónica
Published: February 2022

En el artículo se propone reflexionar sobre la incidencia de las intervenciones universitarias en la salud y el bienestar de la población a partir de un trabajo vinculado a la enfermedad de la leptospirosis. En particular, frente al desarrollo de factores ambientales, sociales y económicos que pueden propiciar brotes epidemiológicos.A través de la experiencia llevada adelante por la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral, la Municipalidad de San José del Rincón y otros actores sociales de la localidad en diferentes barrios de la ciudad, se evidencia el impacto de las intervenciones intersectoriales con la finalidad de reducir inequidades y mitigar los problemas de salud.Por último, se da cuenta de la importancia de la incorporación de nuevos dispositivos, tales como la georreferenciación, para la promoción de la salud y la construcción de políticas preventivas.
Promoción de la salud ambiental con niñas y niños en escuelas de Córdoba: el mapeo colectivo como herramienta de participación
Authors: Eandi Mariana Andrea , Laino Juan Manuel , Filipi Iohanna , Butinof Mariana
Published: February 2022

Este trabajo, elaborado por un equipo extensionista de docentes y estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, surge de la preocupación de un grupo de mujeres organizadas en torno a la producción hortícola y la exposición a plaguicidas en el cinturón verde de la ciudad de Córdoba. Así, se diseñó y llevó a cabo un proyecto junto a la escuela primaria local y su comunidad educativa. Este artículo se propone: a) presentar una experiencia de abordaje de la salud ambiental integral con niñas y niños en un entorno escolar; b) reflexionar acerca la utilidad del Mapeo Colectivo como herramienta para la visibilización e intercambio de saberes, experiencias y situaciones–problema de vida cotidianas. Se postula que el proceso llevado a cabo es de utilidad para la gestión colectiva de la salud ambiental integral junto a niñas, niños, sus familias y docentes.
Geografía, Trabajo Social y Diseño: abordaje interdisciplinario y diálogo de saberes en la vinculación con el medio para el cambio eco–socio–territorial
Authors: Mansilla–Quiñones Pablo , Steiner Marion , Arancibia Leticia , Jeldes Pontio Juan Carlos
Published: February 2022

En el quehacer de la Geografía y otras disciplinas de las ciencias sociales, se han emprendido importantes desafíos, durante la última década, que incluyen las búsquedas de vínculos y compromisos más significativos con la sociedad. El desarrollo del pensamiento decolonial y contrahegemónico impregna los discursos y las prácticas territoriales universitarias. En ciencias sociales se reconocen un giro espacial y un impulso hacia la promoción del cambio eco–socio–territorial. El campo del Diseño emerge como una bisagra que permite conectar estos giros epistemológicos y al mismo tiempo los vuelve tangibles mediante la creación de dispositivos de interfaz para el flujo comunicativo interactivo que configura la experiencia. Presentamos en este artículo diversos casos de aplicación práctica de experiencias interdisciplinarias realizados en el marco de una búsqueda rizomática de conexión del quehacer de las disciplinas de Geografía, Trabajo Social y Diseño, de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile. En ellos proyectamos una vinculación con el medio desde el diálogo de saberes, reconocemos y desarrollamos las acciones universitarias en los territorios desde la puesta en valor de los conocimientos que portan los diferentes actores y un quehacer de mayor compromiso con la realidad en pos de su replicabilidad y capacidad de transformación eco–socio–territorial.
O contrato built to suit na esfera pública e a nova lei de licitações brasileira
Authors: Santos Rafael Costa , De Souza Leticia Franco
Published: February 2022

A contratação no modelo built to suit possibilita a fruição e adequação de imóveis de terceiros ou adequação dos imóveis da Administração Pública, sem o comprometimento imediato de relevante recurso orçamentário. Em tal contratação, o aporte financeiro se dá de forma diferida, ao contrário do que ocorreria em uma obra ou serviço de engenharia executado às expensas do Poder Público. O built to suit auxilia na desoneração imediata do investimento público com a execução de infraestrutura e o consequente direcionamento de recursos para a concretização dos serviços públicos delineados na Constituição Federal. Contudo, com a superveniência da Lei nº 14.133/2021, que determinou a revogação dos dispositivos que autorizavam o emprego do instituto no âmbito publicista, gerou-se a incerteza a respeito da legalidade de utilização do respectivo modelo de contratação pela Administração Pública, sob o novo paradigma. O presente estudo pretende analisar se há suporte para a aplicação do built to suit no âmbito público, bem como estabelecer os parâmetros jurídicos a serem observados sob o arquétipo da Lei nº 14.133/2021.
Role of Polymer Composites in Railway Sector: An Overview
Authors: Jagadeesh Praveenkumara , Puttegowda Madhu , Rangappa Sanjay Mavinkere , Siengchin Suchart
Published: February 2022

The composite materials, which have a high strength-to-weight ratio, are preferred for designing complex and light structures in various industries. Especially in the railway sector, the composites with lightweight property and flexibility in designs cause an increment in fuel efficiency and cost-effectiveness on overall rail vehicle developments. The fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites meet the above requirements and are used in the production of rail components, such as bogie frames, floor materials, sleepers, switches, crossings, and other internal parts. These FRPs are good replacements for existing metal-based components interns of durability, high stiffness, and corrosion resistance. This review gives an overview of polymer composite's role in the railway sector for various applications and outlines the previous research works done on railway vehicles using FRP composites. This review will be beneficial for researchers to overcome all challenges in the railway sector and promotes new developments.
Developing Historical Thinking in Large Lecture Classrooms Through PBL Inquiry Supported with Synergistic Scaffolding
Authors: Bae Haesol , Craig Kalani , Xia Fangli , Chen Yuxin , Hmelo-Silver Cindy E.
Published: February 2022

As PBL has gained popularity across disciplines, its move from small medical-school inquiry groups into large-class undergraduate inquiry has led to an increasing need to understand the elements of successful PBL implementations in large classrooms. In this study, we investigated how PBL was appropriated among students to develop historical thinking skills in a 96-person introductory undergraduate history survey course. The video analysis demonstrated that it was initially challenging for students to appropriate the routines and norms of PBL, but instructor interaction with both the students and representational tools in a large classroom provided multiple co-occurring and dynamic supports. This synergistic scaffolding structured around representational tools was instrumental in a semester-long intervention in which we supported student learning of historical thinking skills by encouraging appropriation of the activities that govern PBL.
Keywords: PBL in large classrooms, history PBL, developing historical thinking skills, synergistic scaffolding, representation tools
Statistical Assessments of River Flow Alterations and Environmental Flow Standards
Authors:   Texas A & M University, Wurbs Ralph A. , Yang Ming-Yue ,   Texas A & M University
Published: February 2022

A water availability modeling (WAM) system consisting of the Water Rights Analysis Package (WRAP) and input datasets for all Texas river basins has been used for statewide, regional, and operational planning and water allocation regulatory purposes for many years. The modeling system was recently expanded to support integration of environmental flow requirements in comprehensive water management. A strategy is presented in this paper for combining the WRAP-WAM modeling system with data management and statistical analysis tools to expand capabilities for analyzing stream flow alterations and the effects on flows of environmental flow standards. A Trinity River Basin case study demonstrates the utility of the modeling and analysis strategy in addressing relevant issues in the river systems of Texas and elsewhere. Dams and reservoirs constructed on the Trinity River and tributaries supply water for the Dallas–Fort Worth and Houston metropolitan areas, which are among the most rapidly growing large metro areas in the United States. Ecologically relevant statistical analyses of observed flows presented in this paper are designed to quantify flow alterations. Analyses of simulated flows representing natural and specified conditions of development are performed to assess the impacts of both water resources development and the establishment of environmental flow standards.
Developing a Method for Measuring Science and Technology Oriented Creativity (STOC)
Authors: Pavlysh Eduard V. , Astapchuk Sviatlana V. , Reid Alecia Adelaide May , Rio Carlos Rioja del , Mäkelä Tiina , Fenyvesi Kristof , Pnevmatikos Dimitris , Christodoulou Panagiota , Mäkiö Juho
Published: February 2022

The article contains the results of a research within the STIMEY (Science, Technology, Innovation, Mathematics, Engineering for the Young) project funded by the European Union’s Horizon-2020 research and innovation program (2016-2021). In the project, a hybrid learning environment (LE) was developed for both on-site and online learning suitable for the learning conditions in the COVID-19 era and beyond. The purpose of the research segment presented in this paper was to develop an instrument for assessment of the learner’s progress in creativity as one of the key targets of STIMEY. COVID-19 has shown that creativity is also needed to allow education systems the flexibility for unexpected changes and circumstantial challenges. The article presents a definition of Science and Technology Oriented Creativity (STOC) based on the existing theories in the field, a short outline of the STOC measurement method developed, procedures, evaluation algorithms and an overview of the experimental STOC testing results. The relevance of the method developed to its purpose and suggested tentative positive influences of the STIMEY LE on learners’ creativity are discussed. Argumentations of strengths, limitations, applications of STOC testing outside the STIMEY project and the key directions of further improvements of the method developed are provided.
Assessment of thermodynamic functions in the MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 system
Authors: Fabrichnaya O. , Costa e Silva A. , Aldinger F.
Published: February 2022

The Kapoor-Frohberg cell model and two-sublattice ionic liquid model were used to describe liquid phase in the system MgO–Al2O3–SiO2. Solid solution phases were described by the compound energy formalism. Two data sets have been created based on the same description of solid phases and different models of liquid. It is shown that both models of liquid reproduce experimental data in binary systems very well. Thermodynamic parameters of ternary compounds cordierite and sapphirine were assessed from subsolidus reactions. The liquidus surface for the MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 system is calculated for both models of liquid. The comparison of calculated phase diagrams with experimental data shows that the Kapoor-Frohberg cell model reproduces experimental data better than the ionic sublattice model.
Contribution to the zinc-rich side of the Ti–Zn system
Authors: Vassilev Gueorgui P.
Published: February 2022

Diffusion couples and equilibrated alloys have been investigated in order to contribute to the knowledge of Ti –Zn phase diagram. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray methods and scanning electron microprobe analyses are applied. Diffusion couples studies show that TiZn3 layers grow directly from the Ti–Zn liquid phase at 700 °C. Eight thermal peaks were observed in the interval 400–620 °C. Six of these peaks belong to stable three-phase equilibria and two are probably associated with metastable equilibria. Anew version of the Ti–Zn phase diagram, in the zinc-rich region, has been constructed.
Measurement of the surface tension of liquid Ga, Bi, Sn, In and Pb by the constrained drop method
Authors: Tanaka Toshihiro , Nakamoto Masashi , Oguni Ryosuke , Lee Joonho , Hara Shigeta
Published: February 2022

The effect of the droplet size on the accuracy of surface tension measurement by the sessile drop method is discussed for liquid metals through a simulation by using the Laplace equation. It is found that with increasing size of the droplet, a higher accuracy of the measured value of the surface tension can be obtained. In order to make a large droplet of liquid metals, the constrained drop method with a special crucible shape was applied to measure the surface tension of liquid Ga, Sn, Bi, In, and Pb. The uncertainty of the measured surface tension was within 1%. The temperature dependences of the surface tension of liquid Ga, Sn, Bi, In, and Pb were obtained in the present experiment as follows:

Ga: σGa = 737 − 0.062T  mN/m (823 ≤ T ≤ 993K)

Sn: σSn = 579 − 0.066T  mN/m (723 ≤ T ≤ 993K)

Bi: σBi = 417 − 0.070T  mN/m (773 ≤ T ≤ 873K)

In: σIn = 600 − 0.082T  mN/m (673 ≤ T ≤ 993K)

Pb: σPb = 499 − 0.089T  mN/m (757 ≤ T ≤ 907K)
Effect of process parameters on density and mechanical behaviour of a selective laser melted 17-4PH stainless steel alloy
Authors: Huang Liang , Cao Yan , Zhao Haiyue , Li Yufei , Wang Yuanfei , Wei LiRong
Published: February 2022

17-4 PH stainless steel alloy has been widely used in the field of defence industry such as weapon equipment, aerospace, nuclear energy, and so on because of its high strength, high toughness, high temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance. In order to meet the flexible manufacturing requirements of multi-variety small batch complex structure products with lower cost and higher efficiency, selective laser-melted 17-4PH stainless steel alloy has become the focus of research in the field of rapid alloy manufacturing in recent years. In this article, the density characteristics and the distribution characteristics of holes and spheroidization phenomena of 17-4 PH pre-alloyed powder subjected to multidimensional temperature conduction under selective laser melting are studied, and the mechanism of defect generation under temperature conduction is proposed. Finally, the optimal selection of the combination of different process parameters was carried out by orthogonal test, and it was found that the comprehensive mechanical behaviour of the 17-4 PH stainless steel alloy after being formed exceeded the ASTM A564 standard (the yield strength is 1,132 MPa, the tensile strength is 1,323 MPa, and the elongation is 16.6%).
Separation of103Pd from a Rh target using an alloying pretreatment with bismuth
Authors: Ohya Tomoyuki , Nagatsu Kotaro , Minegishi Katsuyuki , Zhang Ming-Rong
Published: February 2022

Palladium-103 is one of the most attractive radionuclides for internal radiotherapy. It is not only used as a brachytherapy seed but is also a feasible candidate for Auger electron therapy and gold-nanoparticle therapy. In this study, we propose a new method for the separation of103Pd from a rhodium target to obtain no-carrier-added103Pd. Rhodium powder target was irradiated under the following conditions: proton, 50 MeV, 1–3 μA, 1–4 h for the separation study; and H2+, 24 MeV, 5 μA, 1 h to produce103Pd. The irradiated target was pretreated using an alloying reaction between Rh and Bi on a hotplate at 500 °C. Rhodium in the chemical form of a Bi–Rh compound could then be dissolved with nitric acid and103Pd was extracted using dimethylglyoxime as an extractant. The target rhodium was recycled using sodium tetrahydroborate (NaBH4). We obtained103Pd with a yield of 87%. The activity of the product was 26 ± 2 MBq at the end of bombardment (EOB), and the radionuclidic purity of103Pd was greater than 99%. The decontamination factors of rhodium and bismuth in the103Pd product were estimated to be greater than 104and 105, respectively. The target rhodium was recycled with a yield of 91% with a trace of bismuth (9 μg/50 mg Rh). The total separation time for103Pd was within 3.5 h.
Transfer Learning in der Zerspanung
Authors: Simon Peter M. , Müller Daniel , Klar Matthias , Gutzeit Kevin , Teich Heiko , Eisseler Rocco , Kölsch Patrick , Kirsch Benjamin , Glatt Moritz , Möhring Hans-Christian , Aurich Jan C.
Published: February 2022

Der Werkzeugverschleiß und das Zeitspanvolumen bestimmen maßgeblich die Produktionskosten eines zerspanten Bauteils. Entscheidungsunterstützungen für den Werkzeugwechsel, die auf maschinellem Lernen (ML) basieren, bieten großes Potenzial, Werkzeuge effizienter einzusetzen. ML-Modelle sind jedoch meist nicht ohne weiteres auf reale, veränderliche Zerspanprozesse anwendbar. Der Einsatz von Transfer Learning in der Zerspanung adressiert diese Problemstellung, indem Wissen von verwandten, bereits gelernten Aufgaben genutzt wird, um ML-Modelle schneller für neue, aber verwandte Aufgaben trainieren zu können. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Konzept vorgestellt, wie Transfer Learning in der industriellen Praxis für Zerspanprozesse nutzbar gemacht werden kann.
Elite Road vs. Trail Runners: Comparing Economy, Biomechanics, Strength, and Power
Authors: Sabater Pastor Frederic , Besson Thibault , Berthet Marilyne , Varesco Giorgio , Kennouche Djahid , Dandrieux Pierre-Eddy , Rossi Jeremy , Millet Guillaume Y.
Published: February 2022

Sabater Pastor, FS, Besson, T, Berthet, M, Varesco, G, Kennouche, D, Dandrieux, P-E, Rossi, J, and Millet, GY. Elite road vs. trail runners: comparing economy, biomechanics, strength, and power. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 181–186, 2023—The purpose of this study was to determine the differences between road (ROAD) vs. trail (TRAIL) elite runners in terms of force-velocity profile (FVP), running biomechanics, lower-limb maximal isometric strength, cost of running (Cr), and training. Seventeen male elite athletes (10 TRAIL and 7 ROAD) participated in this study. Force-velocity profile was measured using a 2-sprint test on a cycle ergometer. Strength was assessed with a dynamometer measuring isometric maximum voluntary torque of the knee extensors and knee flexors. Biomechanics parameters (running kinematics and stiffness) were measured, and Cr was calculated at 10 and 14 km·h−1 at 0% slope and at 10 km·h−1 on a 10% slope on a treadmill. Athletes also reported their training duration during the previous year. Theoretical maximal torque (F
0) and maximal power (P
max) in the FVP were higher for TRAIL vs. ROAD (122 ± 13 vs. 99 ± 7 N·m, p = 0.001; and 726 ± 89 vs. 626 ± 44 W; p = 0.016). Cost of running was higher for TRAIL compared with ROAD on flat at 14 km·h−1 (4.32 ± 0.22 vs. 4.06 ± 0.29 J·kg−1·m−1; p = 0.047) but similar at 10 km·h−1 and uphill. No differences were found in maximal isometric strength or running biomechanics. ROAD spent 81% more time training than TRAIL (p = 0.0003). The specific training (i.e., “natural” resistance training) performed during graded running in trail runners and training on level surface at high speed may explain our results. Alternatively, it is possible that trail running selects stronger athletes because of the greater strength requirements of graded running.
Application of Lasers in Treatment of Oral Premalignant Lesions
Authors: Singh Amaninder , Zutshi Akanksha , Singh Ahluwalia Preetkanwal , Sharma Vikas , Razdan Vandana
Published: February 2022

Laser systems and their application in dentistry and especially oral surgery are rapidly improving today. Lasers are being used as a niche tool as direct replacement for conventional approaches like scalpel, blades, electro surgery, dental hand piece. The specific advantages of lasers are incision of tissues, coagulation during operation and postoperative benefits like low postoperative pain, better wound healing. For soft tissue oral surgical procedures lasers can be used for treatment of conditions such as premalignant lesions, frenectomy, epulis fissuratum, fibroma, vascular lesions, excision of exophytic lesions etc. Key words: Laser; premalignant lesions; electro surgery; coagulation
Virtual Reality
Authors: Hite Rebecca
Published: February 2022

Virtual Reality (VR) is an emerging technology that provides K–12 students with unique experiences for robust science learning by transporting them to a virtual world where they may engage directly with scientific phenomena. This is because VR creates lifelike three-dimensional spaces where students can manipulate objects; hear, see, and sometimes feel the environment; and explore places that mimic attributes of the real world. VR holds great utility in science education by engaging students in science topics that may be otherwise inaccessible to them in the real world. This inaccessibility may stem from the content (being too small, large, or abstract), safety issues (too hazardous or dangerous), not having access to the materials in their context, possessing physical or cognitive disabilities where they need to do the activity repeatedly or differently, or having cultural, religious, or ethical concerns related to conducting specific science experiments. This commentary discusses how three key types of VR hardware (VR viewers, desktop VR systems, and head-mounted displays) can be incorporated into science standards, curriculum, and instruction by delineating the pros and cons of each. The commentary concludes with specific, stepwise guidance in ideating, designing, and implementing VR-based experiences for K–12 students in the science classroom.
Inquiry-Based Activities for Teaching about Natural Selection
Authors: Núñez Paola , Castillo Pablo , Hinojosa Claudia , Parraguez Carolina , Cofré Hernán
Published: February 2022

Teaching evolution is one of the most difficult tasks in biology education since there are a great variety of obstacles to its understanding. The inclusion of the nature of science and scientific inquiry, the connection with aspects of daily life, work based on scientific argumentation, and the use of empirical studies from current research have been identified as important aspects to include in teaching evolution. In this work, we present a series of three activities, which were developed after considering all the recommendations of the literature described above. The sequence begins with the example of the evolution of one of the species most loved by students: dogs. Through argumentation, students make their preconceptions explicit. After this, a long-term experiment about artificial selection in the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes) is presented (see Glaze, 2018) as part of the reflection on the experimental evidence that supports evolution. Finally, students are asked to generate a hypothesis about how they think the domestication process of wolves occurred, eventually resulting in dogs. The outcomes of implementation in high school classrooms and biology teacher education are discussed.
Does Proximity to Conflict Zones Moderate Associations Between Girl Child Marriage, Intimate Partner Violence, and Contraception in Postconflict Sri Lanka?
Authors: Fonseka Ruvani W. , McDougal Lotus , Raj Anita , Reed Elizabeth , Lundgren Rebecka , Urada Lianne , Silverman Jay G.
Published: February 2022

Women’s primary contraceptive method type is impacted by the gender inequities of girl child marriage and intimate partner violence (IPV). Outside of South Asia, proximity to conflict zones has been found to impact contraceptive use, girl child marriage, and IPV, possibly moderating associations between these variables. We created multinomial regression models using the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey data from postconflict Sri Lanka to study associations between primary contraceptive method type (modern spacing methods, sterilization, and traditional methods compared to no method) and the gender inequities of girl child marriage and past year sexual, physical, and emotional IPV and to assess whether and how these associations were moderated by proximity to conflict. We found that proximity to conflict moderated the relationships between girl child marriage, past year physical and emotional IPV, and primary contraceptive method type. Girl child marriage was associated with increased relative risk (RR) of modern spacing methods (adjusted RR ratio/aRRR: 1.81–2.21) across all levels of proximity to conflict. In districts distal to conflict, past year physical IPV was associated with decreased RR of sterilization (aRRR: 0.67) and traditional methods (aRRR: 0.63), and past year emotional IPV was associated with decreased RR of traditional methods (aRRR: 0.71). In districts central to conflict, past year emotional IPV was associated with increased RR of modern spacing methods (aRRR: 1.50). Our findings suggest that policymakers and providers who seek to improve reproductive health in Sri Lanka must consider the moderating impact of proximity to conflict on the relationship between contraceptive use and the gender inequities of girl child marriage and IPV.
The interactive effects of temperature and food consumption on growth of larval Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida)
Authors: David Carmen L. , Ji Rubao , Bouchard Caroline , Hop Haakon , Hutchings Jeffrey A.
Published: February 2022

Understanding larval growth, mediated by the interaction of early life traits and environmental conditions, is crucial to elucidate population dynamics. We used a bioenergetic model as an integrative tool to simulate the growth of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) larvae and to test the sensitivity of modeled growth to temperature and food quantity and quality. The growth was computed as the energy gained through food consumption minus the energy lost through respiration and other metabolic processes. We extended a previously published bioenergetic model to cover the full range of larval length and used a simplified feeding module. This simplification allowed us to build a predictive tool that can be applied to larval Arctic cod at a large spatial scale. Our model suggested that with subzero temperatures in the High Arctic, larvae need to increase food consumption in order to reach the observed length-at-age in late summer. The modeled growth agreed well with the field observations in the High Arctic but was 2–3 times higher than the laboratory-derived growth rate, probably due to differences in food type and selective mortality. Our study reveals important knowledge gaps in our understanding of larval cod growth in the High Arctic, including the lack of empirical estimations of daily ration and respiration for larvae under the natural habitat temperatures.