bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2016 AAHA/IAAHPC End-of-Life Care Guidelines
Authors: Bishop Gail , Cooney Kathleen , Cox Shea , Downing Robin , Mitchener Kathy , Shanan Amir , Soares Nancy , Stevens Brenda , Wynn Tammy
Published: September 2016

End-of-life (EOL) care and decisionmaking embody the critical final stage in a pet's life and are as important and meaningful as the sum of the clinical care provided for all prior life stages. EOL care should focus on maximizing patient comfort and minimizing suffering while providing a collaborative and supportive partnership with the caregiver client. Timely, empathetic, and nonjudgmental communication is the hallmark of effective client support. Veterinarians should not allow an EOL patient to succumb to a natural death without considering the option of euthanasia and ensuring that other measures to alleviate discomfort and distress are in place. Animal hospice care addresses the patient's unique emotional and social needs as well as the physical needs traditionally treated in clinical practice. An EOL treatment plan should consist of client education; evaluating the caregiver's needs and goals for the pet; and a collaborative, personalized, written treatment plan involving the clinical staff and client. Primary care practices should have a dedicated team to implement palliative and hospice care for EOL patients. How the healthcare team responds to a client's grief after the loss of a pet can be a key factor in the client's continued loyalty to the practice. Referral to professional grief-support counseling can be a helpful option in this regard.
Prevalencia del consumo de cigarrillos y otras formas de tabaco en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Bautista-Pérez Fabio
Published: September 2016

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia del consumo de cigarrillos u otra forma de tabaco en estudiantes de la Universidad Evangélica de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador. Estudio descriptivo con un diseño transversal y una muestra de 430 estudiantes, con un promedio de edad de 21,72 años y una DS de 3,7. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de la información y se aplicó la prueba Chi-cuadrada. La distribución de la muestra por sexo es de 33,3% hombres y 66,7% mujeres. El 34,8% había fumado cigarrillo alguna vez en la vida, 11,8% en los últimos 12 meses y 9,4% en el último mes; al relacionarlo con el sexo resultaron estadísticamente significativos (χ2=219,44, P≈0,000). Al comparar edad con consumo de cigarrillos se observó que en las edades de 19 a 24 años se presentaron los consumos mayores para una vez en la vida, 12 meses y 30 días, predominando la edad de 23 a 24 años con los mayores porcentajes. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas para una vez en la vida (χ2=182,49, P≈0,000); últimos 12 meses (χ2=111,24, P≈0,000) y últimos 30 días (χ2=87,74, P≈0,000). La edad promedio de inicio de consumo de cigarrillo, fue de 15,60 años. La prevalencia de consumo de cigarrillos u otras formas de tabaco entre los estudiantes universitarios resultó elevada, lo cual indica que es necesario realizar estudios de prevención para reducir el consumo y desarrollar programas de abandono del tabaquismo para consumidores definidos.CREA CIENCIA Vol. 9 N° 1 ISSN 1818-202X enero-junio 2014, pp.19-27
Enteroscopía como método diagnóstico para neoplasias de intestino delgado
Authors: Rivas Luis , Gómez Verónica
Published: September 2016

Las neoplasias del tubo digestivo constituyen un verdadero reto para el médico. Hasta hace unos años el estudio de la patología del intestino delgado se realizaba a través de métodos no invasivos de visión indirecta (tránsito intestinal, tomografía computarizada axial, resonancia magnética nuclear o gammagrafía) o métodos invasivos de visión directa que exploraban la totalidad de intestino delgado a través de cirugías abdominales (enteroscopía intraoperatoria). Con el inicio de la enteroscopía por pulsión los tumores benignos o malignos localizados entre la 2° porción del duodeno y la válvula ileocecal, han dejado de ser diagnósticos apegados a procedimientos con baja sensibilidad o una elevada tasa de complicaciones. La facilidad con la cual la enteroscopía puede realizar un diagnóstico histopatológico a través de la toma de muestras o la realización de un tratamiento terapéutico lo vuelven una herramienta útil para el médico y la búsqueda de tumores del intestino delgado.El presente caso corresponde a un paciente masculino, de 64 años, conocido por una enfermedad diverticular, quien presenta síntomas constitucionales que hacen sospechar una neoplasia del tracto digestivo; se realiza una endoscopia de tubo digestivo superior la cual es normal, luego una Tomografía Axial Computarizada Abdominal que muestra una lesión a nivel de la 4° porción del duodeno en la que no puede establecerse su origen intra o extra-luminal, hasta que se realiza una enteroscopía como un método diagnóstico.  CREA CIENCIA Vol. 9 N° 1 ISSN 1818-202X enero-junio 2014, pp.28-31
Actualización de consentimiento informado de las clínicas odontológicas de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Evangélica de El Salvador
Authors: Castro de Díaz Carmen Elisa , Grijalva Sandra Elizabeth
Published: September 2016

En la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Evangélica de El Salvador (UEES), cada estudiante realiza tratamientos dentales durante los últimos 5 ciclos académicos, los cuales se hacen en pacientes que solicitan el servicio de las clínicas.Cumpliendo con las normas nacionales e internacionales y tomando en cuenta los aspectos importantes en la redacción de un consentimiento informado, se elaboran tres documentos que se utilizarán en la clínica odontológica de la UEES. Se pretende que sirvan de modelo para las personas que deseen realizar un consentimiento para las investigaciones.Se hizo una revisión de la documentación y normativa nacional e internacional y se elaboró una propuesta la cual puede servir de base para futuros modelos de consentimientos informados en las investigaciones de la facultad e institucionales que sus investigaciones lo necesiten.CREA CIENCIA Vol. 9 N° 1 ISSN 1818-202X enero-junio 2014, pp.32-35
Investigation the Effects of Metformin versus Insulin on Neonatal and Maternal Outcomes in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Clinical Trail
Authors: Najafian Mahin , Barati Mojgan , Masihi Sara , Fardipor Ailin
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of metformin versus insulin in the glycemic control and to investigate the maternal and neonatal outcomes in in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Pregnant women with gestational diabetes were randomized to either receive metformin (n=70) or insulin (n=70). Inclusion criteria were singleton pregnancy, following healthy diet and performing exercise for at least one week without satisfactory blood glucose level, no risk factor contributing to lactic acidosis, and no anatomic and/or chromosome anomalies. Two patients were excluded from the study due to lost to follow-up. The mean score of BMI and FBS after treatment was similar between two groups. But, the mean score of 2 hours blood sugar in insulin group (104.38±7.06 mg/dl) was significantly higher than metformin group (97.5±5.98 mg/dl) (P<0.0001). The weight gain in metformin group was slightly lower than insulin group. (P=0.123). The proportion of neonatal hypoglycemia in insulin group was higher than metformin group (20 vs 3, P=0.002). Other neonatal outcomes such as IUGR, IUFD, fetal anomaly, polyhydramnios, macrosomia, oligohydramnios, and NICU stay did not differ significantly between two groups. In conclusion, metformin had compatible effect with insulin in decreasing adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes even in some parameters such as neonatal hypoglycemia it works better. Totally, metformin is safe and effectiveness in controlling the gestational diabetes mellitus.
Topical Vasodilator Response is Significantly Higher in Skeletonized Internal Mammary Artery
Authors: Butt Nida , Hamid Sarah , Hussain Mujtaba , Alam Ali , Soomro Hala , Ahmad Tahreem , Ahmed Madiha , Golani Ekta , Ukrani Janta Devi , Iftikhar Faisal , Tufail Rehmat , Begg Maha , Saleem Samar , Sultan Ayyaz Alam , Jameel Rohail , Shahnawaz Waqas , Farrukh Zohaib , Khan Asadullah
Published: September 2016

AIM OF THE STUDY: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery is the gold standard for the treatment of multi-vessel and left main coronary artery disease. However, there is considerable debate that whether left internal mammary artery (IMA) should be taken as pedicled or skeletonized. This study was conducted to assess the difference in blood flow after application of topical vasodilator in skeletonized and pedicled IMA.

METHODS: In this study, each patient underwent either skeletonized (n=25) or pedicled IMA harvesting (n=25). The type of graft on each individual patient was decided randomly. Intra-operative variables such as conduit length and blood flow were measured by the surgeon himself. The length of the grafted IMA was carefully determined in-vivo, with the proximal and distal ends attached, from the first rib to IMA divergence. The IMA flow was measured on two separate occasions; before and after application of topical vasodilator.  Known cases of subclavian artery stenosis and previous sternal radiation were excluded from the study.

RESULTS: The blood flow before application of topical vasodilator was similar in both the groups (P=0.227). However, the flow was significantly less in pedicled than skeletonized IMA after application of vasodilator (P < 0.0001). Similarly, the length of skeletonized graft was significantly higher than the length of pedicled graft (P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSION: Our study signifies that skeletonization of IMA results in increased graft length and blood flow especially after the application of topical vasodilator. However, we recommend that long term clinical trials should be conducted to fully determine long term patency rates of skeletonized IMA.
Threats and Opportunities of the Health Reform Plan from the Nurses’ Perspective in Ilam
Authors: Shohani Masoumeh , Balavandi Firoz , Valizadeh Reza , Tavan Hamed
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND: The Health Reform Plan is one of the greatest state services in Iran. However, this plan has its own weaknesses and strengths. This study was conducted with the purpose of determining strengths and weaknesses of the Health Reform Plan from nurses' perspective.

METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study in which 100 nurses who work in clinical education centers on Ilam participated. The data collection tool was a questionnaire which consisted of 12 items regarding the strengths of the Health Reform Plan and 18 items about the plan's weaknesses on a six-option Lickert scale. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS V. 19 and applying descriptive and inferential statistics.

RESULTS: The mean score for weaknesses was 79.94 and the mean score for strengths was 52.49. There was a significant statistical relationship between the variable of age and the strengths (P=0.015).

CONCLUSION: If we manage to increase strengths and reduce weakness of the Health Reform Movement, we can be hopeful that this great plan will be administered more efficiently at a national level. It is suggested that future studies be conducted about individuals' perspectives in other occupations in the field of medical sciences working in different medical communities and hospitals in Iran and the results be compared.
Students’ Perceptions of Teacher Support, Numeracy, and Assessment for Learning: Relations with Motivational Responses and Mastery Experiences
Authors: Federici Roger Andre , Caspersen Joakim , Wendelborg Christian
Published: September 2016

We explored a theoretical model of relations between students’ perceptions of emotional support, numeracy, and assessment for learning and their perceptions of relevance of schoolwork, motivation, persistence, and mastery experiences. We also investigated possible differences between students in lower- and upper secondary school. Participants were 44 702 students in 8th to 13th grade in Norway. The data was analyzed by means of structural equation modeling. The results revealed moderate to strong correlations between the three aspects of the learning environment. In general, they related positively to the outcome variables. However, the relations were almost entirely mediated through relevance and motivation. The present study adds to our understanding of how to work with the learning environment.
Health Education for High School Students in Spain
Authors: Pérez-Jorge David , Jorge-Estévez María Dolores , Gutiérrez-Barroso Josué , De la Rosa-Hormiga Milagros , Marrero-Morales María Sandra
Published: September 2016

Education and training in schools are essential elements in the development and socialization process of children from early childhood. The fact of considering health as a complete physical, mental and social wellbeing (World Health Organization (1848), WHO), and not only as the absence of illness, is closely related to the achievement of optimal levels of promotion and improvement in the quality of life and school performance in children. This research, carried out during the 2014-2015 academic year, attempts to analyze the ideas and attitudes of Compulsory Secondary Education (12 to 16 years old; compulsory) and High School (16 to 18 years; non-compulsory) students as regards health promotion in the school context. In order to perform this analysis, an ad hoc questionnaire was developed for 2337 students from the Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain) and 15 follow-up interviews about the students’ answers to emergency situations in the school context were also carried out. Both questionnaire and interviews revealed the existence of unhealthy habits related to the level of education, gender and health training of the students’ parents. The results show that the “Questionnaire about attitudes and knowledge as regards health in the school context” (CACOSA) has been an adequate instrument to detect both important training needs and a lack of responsiveness to emergencies in secondary education schools as regards health education.
The Impact of Bilingualism on the Creative Capabilities of Kindergarten Children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Saud Al Johara Fahad
Published: September 2016

Saudi Arabia is one of the countries that encounter the issue of bilingualism due to the spread of private schools that offer programs in different languages. This research is an attempt to investigate the impact of bilingualism on the creative capabilities (Fluency, Flexibility, Originality, Details) of kindergarten children in Riyadh. It aims at identifying the differences in the creative competences among children (monolingual and bilingual) in Saudi Arabia. To achieve the goals of the study, the researcher used the experimental method, as it is convenient to the nature of the study. She used the scale of Torrance of creative capacity in order to identify the creative abilities of children. The sample was randomly chosen and divided into two groups: the bilingual group (n = 40), and the control monolingual group (n = 40). Results showed that there were statistically significant differences at (α = 0.05) between the mean scores of monolingual kindergarten children and the mean scores of bilingual kindergarten children in some creative capabilities in favor of monolingual children of the study. In light of the findings, the researcher recommended the need of resolving the controversy over the issue concerning when children can start to learn a foreign language.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Politics and Law, Vol. 9, No. 8
Authors: Sheng Vivian
Published: September 2016

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Politics and Law, Vol. 9, No. 8, 2016.
Theory of "Lost Opportunity" Theory in Iranian Law
Authors: Khoshgovari Masoud , Sharafatpeima Mohammadreza
Published: September 2016

"Lost opportunity" theory by considering opportunities valuable as a chance, fortunes, and with the beliefs that opportunity is a material and spiritual right which has been violated by guilty. Therefore, it seeks for an approach to compensate the damage resulted from the loss of opportunity for gaining a profit or avoiding losses.

This theory has been accepted for many years in European and American countries and in the courts, leads to issue many verdicts. However, either in Iranian law or jurists' and theologians opinions, there is no writing to confirm or deny this fact expressly. Also, about this theory sometimes there is no sputum and distinguishing between these two issues for its own complexities, as well as the parallel with the non-profit issue.
Though contemplated on the basis of civil liability established in some laws such as Article VI of the civil liability law, for example, the rule of remuneration in sharecropping, it becomes clear that the legislator shows flexibility. Also, according to the conventional view and the context of some Jurists, the general rule has no harm, which considers the base of the civil liability as valuable.
Form Conditions of Check Issuing in Iranian and British Law
Authors: Molazadeh Meisam , Taghikhani Ali
Published: September 2016

The aim of this research is to evaluate the components and to state the form conditions of check issuing in statute of two countries of Iran and England. Due to the wide use of check and prevalence of its use as a payment instrument, and even the instrument for obtaining reputation such as promissory note and draft, the issuer should be familiar with the form conditions of check issuing to prevent possible problems caused by lack of knowledge. Since today these documents play a major role in communicating and business transactions, and strength most of deals. This led to prevalence of using aforementioned documents in establishment of trade exchanges, so that it can be said that these documents are an inseparable part of business transactions. The results obtained from the other researches and studies indicate that form conditions of check issuing are almost identical in Iranian and British Laws, that observing some of them is necessary, and if they are not observed, commercial document of the check will not have the necessary validity. Of mandatory form conditions include the date of issuing check include: Check issuing date, mentioning the word of check, unconditional order of payment of the amount check, check amount, mentioning the name of drawee on the check, mentioning the name of Mohil, indicating the place of check issuing, indicating the name of the holder, signature of check . In this study form conditions of issuing electronic check have also been investigated.
Physician Satisfaction With Clinical Laboratory Services: A College of American Pathologists Q-Probes Study of 81 Institutions
Authors: McCall Shannon J. , Souers Rhona J. , Blond Barbara , Massie Larry
Published: September 2016

Context.—Assessment of customer satisfaction is a vital component of the laboratory quality improvement program.

Objective.—To survey the level of physician satisfaction with hospital clinical laboratory services.

Design.—Participating institutions provided demographic information and survey results of physician satisfaction, with specific features of clinical laboratory services individually rated on a scale of 5 (excellent) to 1 (poor).

Results.—Eighty-one institutions submitted 2425 surveys. The median overall satisfaction score was 4.2 (10th percentile, 3.6; 90th percentile, 4.6). Of the 16 surveyed areas receiving the highest percentage of excellent/good ratings (combined scores of 4 and 5), quality of results was highest along with test menu adequacy, staff courtesy, and overall satisfaction. Of the 4 categories receiving the lowest percentage values of excellent/good ratings, 3 were related to turnaround time for inpatient “STAT” (tests performed immediately), outpatient STAT, and esoteric tests. The fourth was a new category presented in this survey: ease of electronic order entry. Here, 11.4% (241 of 2121) of physicians assigned below-average (2) or poor (1) scores. The 5 categories deemed most important to physicians included quality of results, turnaround times for inpatient STAT, routine, and outpatient STAT tests, and clinical report format. Overall satisfaction as measured by physician willingness to recommend their laboratory to another physician remains high at 94.5% (2160 of 2286 respondents).

Conclusions.—There is a continued trend of high physician satisfaction and loyalty with clinical laboratory services. Physician dissatisfaction with ease of electronic order entry represents a new challenge. Test turnaround times are persistent areas of dissatisfaction, representing areas for improvement.
Papillary Lesions of the Breast: A Practical Approach to Diagnosis
Authors: Jorns Julie M.
Published: September 2016

Papillary lesions of the breast span the spectrum of benign, atypical, and malignant. Subclassification of these lesions may be diagnostically challenging, especially with limited sampling via core biopsy. This review outlines the features of papillary lesions of the breast and provides a practical approach to distinguishing diagnostically challenging lesions by using key morphologic features and, when helpful, immunohistochemical studies.
Leveraging Author-Supplied Metadata, OAI-PMH, and XSLT to Catalog ETDs: A Case Study at a Large Research Library
Authors: Robinson Ken , Edmunds Jeff , Mattes Stephen C.
Published: September 2016

Most academic theses and dissertations are now born-digital assets (i.e., electronic theses and dissertations). As such, they often coexist with author-supplied metadata that has the potential for being repurposed and enhanced to facilitate discovery and access in an online environment. The authors describe the evolution of the electronic thesis and dissertation (ETD) cataloging workflow at a large research library, from the era of print to the present day, with emphasis on the challenges and opportunities of harvesting author-supplied metadata for cataloging ETDs. The authors provide detailed explanations of the harvesting process, creating code for the metadata transformations, loading records, and quality assurance procedures.
The Alert Collector: Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Guide to the Latest Resources
Authors: Frasier-Robinson Michele
Published: September 2016

Since the early 1990s there has been a steady escalation in the numbers of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)—today it is considered the fastest growing developmental disability in the United States. In 2010, it was estimated that 1 in 68 children were affected by autism spectrum disorder. This is an increase of approximately 120 percent from the data collected ten years earlier. Identifying it as one of six neurodevelopmental disorders, the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) describes autism spectrum disorder as “a series of developmental disabilities characterized by impaired social communication and interaction skills, accompanied by the existence of repetitive behaviors or activities, such as rocking movements, hand clapping or obsessively arranging personal belongings.”
Testing Telepresence: Remote Reference Service via Robotics
Authors: Johnson Eric O. , Kromer John
Published: September 2016

Interacting with patrons is the heart of reference services, but it is not always possible to meet face-to-face. This paper details the results of the testing of a telepresence robot for reference services. Telepresence systems allow for two way audio and video communication between remote parties; by combining telepresence with robotics this two way communication can happen anywhere. Adding telepresence capabilities to the existing suit of reference services on offer was meant to expand the reach of librarians throughout the building. However limitations in hardware and software mean the platform is not currently sufficient for reference services.
Book Review: The Handbook for Storytellers
Authors: Kimble Valerie
Published: September 2016

This is an updated and expanded edition of a popular, professional classic with a new co-author. A great storyteller, former school librarian, and now library school adjunct professor, Judy Freeman is a worthy successor to the groundbreaking Caroline Feller Bauer, who died in 2013. Described as a companion volume to The Handbook for Storytime Programs (forthcoming from ALA in 2015), this is a true handbook covering the entire process, from story selection to program promotion to taking care of one’s voice.
Book Review: Animal Rights and Welfare: A Documentary and Reference Guide
Authors: Nelson Michael L.
Published: September 2016

Animal Rights and Welfare: A Documentary and Reference Guide is a collection of fifty-one primary source documents relating to the topics of animal rights and animal welfare. The preface states that these are separate and distinct philosophies: animal rights advocates such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals and the Animal Liberation Front hold that humans and animals have the same rights (thereby precluding their use even as pets or assistive animals), whereas animal welfare adherents like the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and the American Humane Society endorse the use of animals for agriculture, work, biomedical research, etc., but in a manner that minimizes pain and suffering.
Book Review: The Encyclopedia of Central Banking
Authors: Marien Stacey
Published: September 2016

Rochon is an Associate Professor of Economics, at Laurentian University, in Ontario, Canada, where he is Director of the International Economic Policy Institute. His areas of research include monetary theory and policy, financialization, and post-Keynesian economics. Rossi, is a Full Professor of Economics at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland, where he holds the Chair of Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics, and Senior Research Associate at the International Economic Policy Institute at Laurentian University in Canada. The two editors have co-authored several articles together and now have edited this reference work.
Book Review: Environmental and Natural Resource Economics: An Encyclopedia
Authors: DeChambeau Aimée
Published: September 2016

Environmental and Natural Resource Economics is a single volume, general reference encyclopedia that presents information on more than 140 topics relevant to understanding environmental and natural resource economics. Key concepts, historical events and movements, and biographies are included. Each entry is signed, provides see also references and brief lists of resources for further reading. The volume begins with an alphabetical listing of entries and a useful “Guide to Related Topics” that chunks related entries together under the categories of “General Topics,” “Environmental Economics,” “Resource Economics,” and “Applied Welfare Economics.”
Book Review: Ethnic American Literature: An Encyclopedia for Students
Authors: Helmer Dona J.
Published: September 2016

The world of multi-cultural, ethnic literature is a robust, evolving and rapidly growing field. By its very protean nature it is difficult to capture and analyze but the skilled editor, Emmanuel S. Nelson, has tried to provide a single volume access point for high school and community college students and their teachers.
Management: Unanticipated Career Change: Your Mission, Should You Choose to Accept It . . .
Authors: Greenwood Aleteia
Published: September 2016

Few among us can’t relate to the well-worn saying, “Life is what happens to you while you’re busy making other plans.”1 For many of us, this applies as much to our professional lives as to our personal ones. Career paths are not always linear; in fact, they are often serendipitous or circuitous routes that bring exciting challenges our way, help us develop new interests, and take us to places we never dreamed we’d be. In this reflective column, Aleteia Greenwood shares the story of the transcontinental journey she made, traversing the disciplinary spectrum in tandem. Her insights underscore the rewards of taking chances and being open to possibilities, and the meaningful opportunities that come from doing so.—Editor
From Committees of RUSA: Reflections on the RUSA President’s Program 2015: It’s Complicated: Navigating the Dynamic Landscapes of Digital Literacy, Collapsing Contexts, and Big Data
Authors: Keough Cathay
Published: September 2016

There comes a time when a researcher speaks to librarians and the aftermath of the articulation echoes for days, maybe even weeks. danah boyd’s rapid-paced, information-packed RUSA President’s Program presentation at the ALA Annual Conference 2015 in San Francisco resonated around three topics:How technology can complicate our understanding of the world and the people around us by presenting information outside of its original contextHow technology can expand the ways in which we understand the world and the people around us by bringing us into contact with ideas, cultures, and contexts that we would otherwise be unawareHow increased data collection, and issues of classification, storage, and access are creating challenges to personal privacy
Book Review: Archives Alive: Expanding Engagement with Public Library Archives and Special Collections
Authors: Griffin Melanie
Published: September 2016

In Archives Alive, Diantha Dow Schull expertly demonstrates the strength, vitality, and importance of rare books, special collections, and archives departments located in public libraries rather than academic or research libraries. Schull’s purpose is two-fold. First, she demonstrates the breadth and depth of special collections in public libraries; second, she demonstrates how twenty-first-century special collections departments work, frequently with technology, to increase engagement with the publics they serve. The scope is limited to special collections departments in American public libraries, but within these parameters, coverage is exhaustive and strikes an appropriate balance between activities at large, well-funded institutions and smaller departments with more modest resources.
Book Review: Abolition and Antislavery: A Historical Encyclopedia of the American Mosaic
Authors: Tosko Mike
Published: September 2016

This encyclopedia covers the rise and proliferation of abolitionist movements in the United States and the subsequent consequences of the emancipation of the former slaves. While outside international influences on American slavery existed—particularly Great Britain—the focus here is on both the Northern and Southern United States. Of course, banishing slavery did not lead to immediate social equality, and in fact many abolitionists did not ever desire this type of equality. This work also traces the subsequent controversial issues that emerged following abolition, such as new forms of labor exploitation, the right to own land and to vote, and the use of violence and intimidation to keep African Americans in inferior social and economic positions.
Book Review: Encyclopedia of Constitutional Amendments, Proposed Amendments, and Amending Issues, 1979–2015
Authors: Wiebe Todd J
Published: September 2016

Amending (pun totally intended) such works of reference on a semi-regular basis is key to staying current. In this fourth edition author John R. Vile has again made the necessary revisions to reflect the enduring engagement and discourse pertaining to the practice of amending the US Constitution. It should be noted that if you are looking for a straight-forward, chronological overview of the amendments in their historical contexts, this would probably not be the go-to source.
Book Review: Jesus in History, Legend, Scripture, and Tradition: A World Encyclopedia
Authors: Fehrmann Paul
Published: September 2016

This encyclopedia is a revision of Jesus in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia, edited by Leslie Houlden and published in 2003. The 2003 introduction, included and written by Houlden (then emeritus, Kings College, London), notes an intended focus on “as many aspects as possible of the phenomenon of Jesus” (xxv). The 2015 introduction, written by Minard (Simon Fraser University and the University of British Columbia) notes intent to respond to “curiosity that comes from the intersection of religion with other avenues of enquiry: science; other religions; or interests in anthropology, comparative religion, folklore, history, literature, and the social sciences.”
Book Review: Water Rights and the Environment in the United States: A Documentary and Reference Guide
Authors: Euster Lisa
Published: September 2016

In Water Rights and the Environment in the United States: A Documentary and Reference Guide Burch presents a collection of documents highlighting major points in the development of water politics and policy in the United States related to environmental issues. The interrelation of the rulings, legislation, treaties, and agreements, including how they built upon, corrected, or contradicted each other, informs the discussions.
For Your Enrichment: Librarian Attitudes toward Classroom Humor
Authors: Perret Robert
Published: September 2016

Robert Perret is Reference and Instruction Librarian at the University of Idaho Library.
From Committees of RUSA: The Reading List 2016
Authors: Reading List Council RUSA
Published: September 2016

The Reference and User Services Association (RUSA) has announced its selections for the 2016 Reading List as well as the short lists and read-alikes. Established in 2007 by the CODES section of RUSA, The Reading List seeks to highlight outstanding genre fiction that merit special attention by general adult readers and the librarians who work with them.
From Committees of RUSA: The 2016 Listen List
Authors: Audiobook Narration Council Outstanding
Published: September 2016

The Listen List highlights extraordinary narrators and listening experiences that merit special attention by a general adult audience and the librarians who advise them. Adhering to established criteria, committee members select twelve recordings that are benchmarks of excellence and are available for purchase by libraries. Titles are named to the list because the narration creates a new experience, offering listeners something they could not create by their own visual reading; and because the narrator achieves an outstanding performance in terms of voice, accents, pitch, tone, inflection, rhythm and pace. This juried list, designed for both avid listeners and those new to the pleasures of stories read aloud, includes fiction and nonfiction and features voices that enthrall, delight, and inspire, making one reluctant to stop listening.
Book Review: Leading Libraries: How to Create a Service Culture
Authors: Tatum Jennifer
Published: September 2016

Librarianship is a service industry, so aren’t librarians, by definition, already service leaders? The answer, according to authors Wyoma vanDuinkerken and Wendy Arant Kaspar, is “no.” Libraries and librarians may be part of a service industry, but to create a servant leader and a true service culture requires more than just lip service.
Book Review: Local History Reference Collections for Public Libraries
Authors: Tillotson Janet A.
Published: September 2016

This book provides information and insight to help public libraries develop, maintain, and market local history reference collections (LHRCs). Public libraries frequently are given unpublished materials, and librarians may be reluctant to offend anyone by not accepting their gift. The authors explain how to develop an LHRC collection policy focused on published rather than unpublished material; such a policy provides a way to kindly reject materials that do not maintain the standards that are needed for developing a high-quality LHRC.
Book Review: America’s First Ladies: A Historical Encyclopedia and Primary Document Collection of the Remarkable Women of the White House
Authors: Wainwright Amy
Published: September 2016

America’s First Ladies: A Historical Encyclopedia and Primary Document Collection of the Remarkable Women of the White House, by Nancy Hendricks is a complete history of the women who have often played a behind the scenes role during their time in the White House. This encyclopedia provides a thorough examination to the history of First Ladies and how they have changed since Martha Washington. In the introduction, Hendricks gives context to the position of the First Lady and includes detailed information such as when the title of First Lady was first used. Many First Ladies have been criticized, both for their lack of engagement as well as for being too engaged; this volume fills in the background of who these important women were and what they have meant to our country.
Book Review: The Voodoo Encyclopedia: Magic, Ritual, and Religion
Authors: Slack Anita
Published: September 2016

The most striking feature of this volume is its focus on Voodoo or Vodou as a belief system, replete with all the trappings one expects: rituals, ethical considerations, practitioners, and a full history. The preface immediately recognizes the stereotypes and connotations that have become entrenched in the word itself, and promises information on the “full-fledged” religion of Vodou. This resource delivers on its promise.
Folded gastrulation and T48 drive the evolution of coordinated mesoderm internalization in flies
Authors: Urbansky Silvia , González Avalos Paula , Wosch Maike , Lemke Steffen
Published: September 2016

Gastrulation constitutes a fundamental yet diverse morphogenetic process of metazoan development. Modes of gastrulation range from stochastic translocation of individual cells to coordinated infolding of an epithelial sheet. How such morphogenetic differences are genetically encoded and whether they have provided specific developmental advantages is unclear. Here we identify two genes, folded gastrulation and t48, which in the evolution of fly gastrulation acted as a likely switch from an ingression of individual cells to the invagination of the blastoderm epithelium. Both genes are expressed and required for mesoderm invagination in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster but do not appear during mesoderm ingression of the midge Chironomus riparius. We demonstrate that early expression of either or both of these genes in C.riparius is sufficient to invoke mesoderm invagination similar to D.melanogaster. The possible genetic simplicity and a measurable increase in developmental robustness might explain repeated evolution of similar transitions in animal gastrulation.
Novel integration method for III–V semiconductor devices on silicon platform
Authors: Matsumoto Keiichi , Kishikawa Junya , Nishiyama Tetsuo , Onuki Yuya , Shimomura Kazuhiko
Published: September 2016

A novel integration method for III–V semiconductor devices on a Si platform was demonstrated. Thin-film InP was directly bonded on a Si substrate and metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) growth was performed by using an InP/Si template. A void-free 2-in. InP layer bonded on a Si substrate was realized, and a low interfacial resistance and ohmic contact through the bonded interface were observed. After the MOVPE process, the as-grown structure was optically active and we observed photoluminescence (PL) intensity comparable to that from the same structure grown on InP as a reference. Furthermore, almost no lattice strain was observed from the InP layer. Then, the epitaxial growth of a GaInAsP–InP double-hetero (DH) laser diode (LD) was demonstrated on the substrate and we observed lasing emission at RT in a pulse regime. These results are promising for the integration of InP-based devices on a Si platform for optical interconnection.
Reef-scale trends in FloridaAcroporaspp. abundance and the effects of population enhancement
Authors: Miller Margaret W. , Kerr Katryna , Williams Dana E.
Published: September 2016

Since the listing ofAcropora palmataandA. cervicornisunder the US Endangered Species Act in 2006, increasing investments have been made in propagation of listed corals (primarilyA. cervicornis,A. palmatato a much lesser extent) in offshore coral nurseries and outplanting cultured fragments to reef habitats. This investment is superimposed over a spatiotemporal patchwork of ongoing disturbances (especially storms, thermal bleaching, and disease) as well as the potential for natural population recovery. In 2014 and 2015, we repeated broad scale (>50 ha), low precisionAcroporaspp. censuses (i.e., direct observation by snorkelers documented via handheld GPS) originally conducted in appropriate reef habitats during 2005–2007 to evaluate the trajectory of local populations and the effect of population enhancement. Over the decade-long study,A. palmatashowed a cumulative proportional decline of 0.4 – 0.7x in colony density across all sites, despite very low levels of outplanting at some sites.A. cervicornisshowed similar proportional declines at sites without outplanting. In contrast, sites that receivedA. cervicornisoutplants showed a dramatic increase in density (over 13x). Indeed, change inA. cervicorniscolony density was significantly positively correlated with cumulative numbers of outplants across sites. This study documents a substantive reef-scale benefit ofAcroporaspp. population enhancement in the Florida Keys, when performed at adequate levels, against a backdrop of ongoing population decline.
The Promise and Perils of Diversity Action Plans for Clinical Trials
Authors: Varma Tanvee , Bierer Barbara E. , Hantel Andrew
Published: September 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the US Food and Drug Administration’s authority to require drug and device sponsors to submit diversity action plans and policy gaps that limit the organization’s ability to achieve demographic representation in clinical trials.
The US Presidential Election’s High Stakes for the Future of Medicine
Authors: Huberfeld Nicole , McCuskey Elizabeth , Ulrich Michael R.
Published: September 2024

This Viewpoint examines how the outcome of the 2024 US presidential election could affect the future of medicine and public health, particularly the antimedicine proposals found in the Republican Party’s Project 2025 playbook.
Resource Use and Care Quality Differences Among Medicare Beneficiaries Undergoing Chemotherapy
Authors: Kalidindi Yamini , Jung Jeah , Feldman Roger , Carlin Caroline , Song Ge , Mitchell Aaron
Published: September 2024

Importance

Medicare Advantage (MA) has grown significantly over the last decade; however, MA’s performance for patients with serious conditions, such as cancer, remains unclear.

Objective

To compare resource use and care quality between MA and traditional Medicare (TM) beneficiaries undergoing cancer chemotherapy.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used TM claims and MA encounter records from January 2015 to December 2019. Participants were MA and TM beneficiaries who initiated cancer chemotherapy between January 2016 and July 2019. Inverse probability of treatment weighting balanced characteristics between MA and TM beneficiaries, and regression estimation was used. The analysis was conducted between August 2023 and May 2024.

Exposure

Chemotherapy initiation after a 1-year washout period.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Resource use and care quality were measured during a 6-month period following chemotherapy initiation. Resource use was measured using standardized prices for services in both MA and TM, covering hospital inpatient services, outpatient care, Part D drugs, and hospice services. Chemotherapy utilization was examined for Part B chemotherapy, Part B supportive drugs, and Part D chemotherapy. Quality measures included chemotherapy-related emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations, avoidable ED visits, preventable hospitalizations during the 6-month episode, and survival days up to 18 months from chemotherapy initiation.

Results

The study comprised 122 966 MA enrollees contributing to 125 518 episodes (mean [SD] age, 73.2 [7.6] years; 68 479 [54.6%] female; 8900 [7.1%] Hispanic, 18 423 [14.7%] non-Hispanic Black, and 94 817 [75.5%] non-Hispanic White participants) and 274 666 TM beneficiaries, contributing 282 200 episodes (mean [SD] age, 73.1 [8.4] years; 155 709 [55.2%] female; 10 666 [3.8%] Hispanic, 22 088 [7.8%] non-Hispanic Black, and 241 113 [85.4%] non-Hispanic White participants). Adjusted total resource use per enrollee during the 6-month episode was $8498 (95% CI, $8178 to $8817) lower in MA than TM ($61 004 vs $69 502). Part B chemotherapy resource use accounted for most of the difference in total resource use, with MA enrollees having $4765 (95% CI, $4547 to $4982) lower use than TM beneficiaries. Lower resource use for Part B chemotherapy in MA was associated with 1.03 fewer chemotherapy visits (95% CI, 0.99 to 1.06 visits) and $277 (95% CI, $183 to $272) less expensive chemotherapy per visit. Findings on quality were mixed, but importantly, survival did not differ between MA and TM patients who initiated chemotherapy.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, MA enrollment was associated with lower resource use but not shorter survival.
Enhancing Electric Vehicle Charging Systems With a Versatile Bidirectional Buck Boost DC to DC Converter Integrated With Solar Photovoltaic Technology
Authors: Arun Kumar D. , Ramkumar A. , Rajendran S.
Published: September 2024

Renewable energy‐based electric vehicle (EV) charging systems have become increasingly popular in recent years, particularly in commercial and industrial environments. This study looks at a broad‐spectrum bidirectional buck boost DC to DC converter employing solar photovoltaic (PV) technology. This combination is intended for usage in vehicle to grid (V2G) and grid to vehicle (G2V) modes for electric car applications. In both operating modes, the converter attains a high‐voltage transfer gain ratio (VTGR) without any theoretical output voltage restrictions. It provides evidence on suitable nature for EV applications with versatility, redundancy, and practicality. The theoretical evaluation was verified by the development and testing of a 500 W experimental model. A peak efficiency of 97.8% and 97.4% in V2G and G2V modes is indicated by the data, confirming the usefulness and efficacy of this integrated strategy. These results show that the bidirectional buck boost DC to DC converter, when combined with the suggested integration of PV and EV, improves V2G‐G2V operations in EV charging systems and is both practicable and feasible.
Sunlight‐Activated Room‐Temperature Phosphorescent Carbon Dots
Authors: Guo Zengsheng , Wang Chenchen , Qi Fangzheng , Dong Juan , Xue Jingtian , Zhang Yuhan , Xu Bo , Liu Guang‐Ning , Sun Yiqiang , Li Cuncheng
Published: September 2024

The efficient utilization of clean and safe sunlight as an excitation source for room‐temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials is crucial for practical applications in solar energy. Herein, sunlight‐activated RTP nitrogen‐doped carbon dots @ alumina (N‐CDs@Al2O3) composites with long lifetime and exceptional stability are designed and fabricated using an in situ preparation strategy. The N‐CDs@Al2O3 display bright yellow RTP (more than 18 s to the naked eye) when activated by sunlight. The results indicate that the introduction of nitrogen into the CDs not only promotes the effective filling of triplet excitons but also facilitates the red‐shift of the absorption spectrum of the CDs. The high rigidity structure of Al2O3 and stable strong covalent bonds effectively protect the triplet excitons. Additionally, the numerous oxygen vacancy defects formed under appropriate calcination conditions effectively store and release triplet excitons. Finally, the application of N‐CDs@Al2O3 in multi‐color 3D artworks, defense markings, and emergency signs is demonstrated. This work provides design principles and feasible strategies for the development of new sunlight‐activated RTP materials.