bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring cognitive and biological correlates of sleep quality and their potential links with Alzheimer’s disease (ALFASleep project): protocol for an observational study
Authors: Fauria Karine , Minguillon Carolina , Knezevic Iva , Tort-Colet Núria , Stankeviciute Laura , Hernández Laura , Rădoi Andreea , Deulofeu Carme , Fuentes-Julián Sherezade , Turull Israel , Fusté David , Sánchez-Benavides Gonzalo , Arenaza-Urquijo Eider M , Suárez-Calvet Marc , Holst Sebastian C , Garcés Pilar , Mueggler Thomas , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Arqueros Aurora , Iranzo Álex , Domingo Gispert Juan , Molinuevo José Luis , Grau-Rivera Oriol
Published: December 2022

Introduction

The growing worldwide prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the lack of effective treatments pose a dire medical challenge. Sleep disruption is also prevalent in the ageing population and is increasingly recognised as a risk factor and an early sign of AD. The ALFASleep project aims to characterise sleep with subjective and objective measurements in cognitively unimpaired middle/late middle-aged adults at increased risk of AD who are phenotyped with fluid and neuroimaging AD biomarkers. This will contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms linking sleep with AD, thereby paving the way for the development of non-invasive biomarkers and preventive strategies targeting sleep.

Methods and analysis

We will invite 200 participants enrolled in the ALFA+ (for ALzheimer and FAmilies) prospective observational study to join the ALFASleep study. ALFA+ participants are cognitively unimpaired middle-aged/late middle-aged adults who are followed up every 3 years with a comprehensive set of evaluations including neuropsychological tests, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling, and MRI and positron emission tomography acquisition. ALFASleep participants will be additionally characterised with actigraphy and CSF–orexin-A measurements, and a subset (n=90) will undergo overnight polysomnography. We will test associations of sleep measurements and CSF–orexin-A with fluid biomarkers of AD and glial activation, neuroimaging outcomes and cognitive performance. In case we found any associations, we will test whether changes in AD and/or glial activation markers mediate the association between sleep and neuroimaging or cognitive outcomes and whether sleep mediates associations between CSF–orexin-A and AD biomarkers.

Ethics and dissemination

The ALFASleep study protocol has been approved by the independent Ethics Committee Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona (2018/8207/I). All participants have signed a written informed consent before their inclusion (approved by the same ethics committee). Study findings will be presented at national and international conferences and submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

NCT04932473.
Feasibility of implementing a mobile phone-based telemonitoring programme to support pregnant women at high-risk for pre-eclampsia in Karachi, Pakistan: protocol for a mixed-methods study
Authors: Shahil Feroz Anam , Yasmin Haleema , Saleem Sarah , Bhutta Zulfiqar , Seto Emily
Published: December 2022

Introduction

High maternal mortality from pre-eclampsia/eclampsia results from lack of early identification and management of pregnant women at high-risk for pre-eclampsia. A potential tool to support pregnant women at high-risk for pre-eclampsia is telemonitoring. There is limited evidence on the use and effectiveness of telemonitoring for pregnant women in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) which limits the understanding of the process and mechanisms through which the intervention works in LMICs. This study will explore the feasibility of implementing a mobile phone-based telemonitoring programme for pregnant women at high-risk for pre-eclampsia in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods and analysis

A convergent mixed-methods study will be conducted at the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC) in Karachi, Pakistan. This study will recruit 50 pregnant women at high-risk for pre-eclampsia to assess clinical feasibility across the five foci of Bowen’s framework including acceptability, demand, implementation, practicality and limited-efficacy testing. Data sources will include semi-structured interviews with the enrolled women, caregivers and clinicians, as well as quantitative data from paper medical records, research logs and server data. The quantitative and qualitative data will be analysed separately and then integrated at the interpretation and reporting levels to advance our understanding of the telemonitoring programme’s feasibility across the five areas of Bowen’s framework.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approvals have been obtained from JPMC, the National Bioethics Committee of Pakistan, University Health Network, Aga Khan University and the University of Toronto. The study results will be disseminated to the scientific community through publications and conference presentations. Findings of the study will provide evidence on the feasibility of using a telemonitoring programme where pregnant women at high-risk for pre-eclampsia in Pakistan will take their own blood pressure readings at home. Lessons learnt in this feasibility trial will be used to determine the appropriateness of a future effectiveness trial.

Trial registration number

NCT05662696
Abortion policies at the bedside: incorporating an ethical framework in the analysis and development of abortion legislation
Authors: Hersey Alicia E , Potter-Rutledge Jai-Me , Brown Benjamin P
Published: December 2022

About 6% of women in the world live in countries that ban all abortions, and 34% in countries that only allow abortion to preserve maternal life or health. In the USA, over the last decades—even before Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization overturned the federal right to abortion—various states have sought to restrict abortion access. Often times, this legislation has been advanced based on legislators’ personal moral values. At the bedside, in contrast, provision of abortion care should adhere to the normative principles of medical ethics and reproductive justice, centreing patients and their individual reproductive intentions and desires. Abortion regulations, through their influence on patients and providers, may facilitate or impede such ethical care at the bedside. In this paper, we present a framework to model how abortion legislation should fit into the patient–provider relationship and to clarify the dynamics by which legislation may affect healthcare encounters. Our proposed framework serves as a tool to analyse the ethical impact of abortion regulations. We propose a model for assessing abortion policies based not on legislators’ or advocates’ individual moral claims, but on the shared, normative framework of clinical medical ethics. Through contrasting case studies, we demonstrate how a robust normative ethical framework can recentre patients and their reproductive needs. Our model is one way to account for—and safeguard—patients’ diverse viewpoints and needs in the development of abortion policy, and it can serve to ground narratives for advocacy by healthcare workers and their professional organisations.
Why there is no dilemma for the birth strategy: a response to Bobier and Omelianchuk
Authors: Singh Prabhpal
Published: December 2022

Bobier and Omelianchuk argue that the Birth Strategy for addressing analogies between abortion and infanticide is saddled with a dilemma. It must be accepted that non-therapeutic late-term abortions are either, impermissible, or they are not. If accepted, then the Birth Strategy is undermined. If not, then the highly unintuitive claim that non-therapeutic late-term abortions are permissible must be accepted. I argue that the moral principle employed to defend the claim that non-therapeutic late-term abortions are morally impermissible fails to do so. Furthermore, the principle that people have a right to bodily autonomy can be used as an argument for the conclusion that non-therapeutic late-term abortions are permissible and is intuitively stronger than the intuition for the opposite of this conclusion. This is because people having a right to bodily autonomy explains the impermissibility of rape and sexual assault. Consequently, the posited dilemma is defused and does not undermine the Birth Strategy.
Analysis of heart rate variability during emergency flight simulator missions in fighter pilots
Authors: Fernández-Morales Carlos , Espejo-Antúnez L , Clemente-Suárez V J , Tabla-Hinojosa F B , Albornoz-Cabello M
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Managing emergency situations in different simulated flight segments can entail a workload that could affect the performance of military pilots. The aim was to analyse the modifications in neurovegetative balance (using HR variability, HRV) of professional fighter pilots attending learning/training sessions on emergency situations in a flight simulator.

Methods

A total of 18 pilots from the Spanish Air and Space Force were included. HRV was recorded simultaneously during diverse simulated emergency situations in three different flight segments: take-off, in-flight and landing.

Results

The comparison between take-off and in-flight revealed a statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in percentage of consecutive RR intervals that differ by more than 50 ms from each other (pNN50), root mean square of the successive differences (rMSSD), standard desviation 1 and 2 (SD1 and SD2), and a statistically significant decrease (p<0.000) in stress score (SS) and in the sympathetic to parasympathetic ratio (S:PS). Between flight and landing, a statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in mean HR, minimum HR, maximum HR, SS and S:PS was shown, while experiencing a significant decrease (p<0.000) in pNN50, rMSSD and SD2. Finally, between take-off and landing, the variables which showed significant changes (p<0.05), with these changes being a significant increase, were mean HR, minimum HR, maximum HR, rMSSD, SD1 and SD2. SS and S:PS ratios showed a statistically significant decrease (p<0.000).

Conclusions

An emergency situation in a flight simulator manoeuvre produced an anticipatory anxiety response in pilots, demonstrated by low HRV, which increased during the flight segment and decreased during the landing segment of the flight.

Trial registration numberNCT04487899.
Abnormal Levels of Serum Ferroptosis-Related Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Mu Lin , Wang Dahu , Dong Zhiguo , Wu Jiajun , Wu Xiaoyu , Su Jing , Zhang Yinjian
Published: December 2022

Purpose. This study aimed to measure the concentrations of ferroptosis-related biomarkers, namely, iron (Fe), lipid peroxide (LPO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4), and glutathione (GSH) in DR in the attempt to evaluate the diagnostic performance of these biomarkers. Methods. This study included 30 NPDR patients, 30 PDR patients, and 30 healthy subjects matched in age and sex. The concentrations of Fe, LPO, ROS, GPX4, and GSH in serum of the subjects were measured. Results. Compared with the normal group, GPX4 and GSH concentrations were significantly lower, and LPO, Fe, and ROS concentrations were significantly higher in DR patients. Compared with the PDR group, the NPDR group had higher concentrations of LPO, Fe, and ROS and lower concentrations of GPX4 and GSH, but there was no statistical difference in Fe, GPX4, and GSH. ROC curve shows that ferroptosis-related biomarkers have accumulated accuracy in NPDR and PDR. Conclusion. This study shows that ferroptosis-related biomarkers may be involved in the pathological process of DR and can be used as one of the biomarkers of DR.
An Extendable Gaussian Mixture Model for Lane-Based Queue Length Estimation Based on License Plate Recognition Data
Authors: Tan Chaofeng , Wu Hao , Tang Keshuang , Tan Chaopeng
Published: December 2022

Most existing studies on queue length estimation based on license plate recognition (LPR) data require multisection LPR data. Studies based on single-section LPR data cannot ensure the accuracy and stability of the estimates when missed detections occur, which greatly limits the practicability of existing studies. Therefore, using single-section LPR data, this study proposes a lane-based queue length estimation method based on a two-dimensional Gaussian mixture model. First, the LPR data were processed to obtain the departure times and time headway of vehicles. Then, the two-dimensional Gaussian distributions of queued vehicles and nonqueued vehicles were fitted, and the expectation-maximization algorithm was adopted to solve the distribution parameters. Finally, the queuing status of each vehicle was determined, and the lane-based queue length was estimated based on the last identified queued vehicle in the cycle. The empirical results showed that the mean absolute errors (MAEs) of the proposed method were just 1.3 veh/cycle under no missed detections and 2 veh/cycle under a 20% missed detection rate, outperforming existing methods. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method can achieve accurate estimates under various traffic demands. In addition, the proposed method can be extended to real-time applications and multisection LPR systems.
Successful Orthograde Treatment of Teeth with External Inflammatory Root Resorption and Perforation Using a Tricalcium Silicate-Based Material
Authors: Díaz Mariana , Plascencia Hugo , Hernández-Guerrero Fabián Esaú , Alves Flávio R. F. , Martínez-Carrillo Karina , Gascón Gerardo
Published: December 2022

One possible consequence of dentoalveolar trauma is the development of external inflammatory root resorption (EIRR), which represents an anatomic and microbiologic challenge for clinicians. This case report describes different strategies implemented for successful endodontic management of teeth with multiple EIRR lesions, highlighting the orthograde root canal filling using a tricalcium silicate-based material (Biodentine, Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France). A 17-year-old female patient presented with severe pain in the anterior maxillary teeth and a history of trauma. Two- and three-dimensional radiographic exams confirmed EIRR in three teeth, with a total of 11 EIRR lesions, three exhibiting communication with the root canal. Therefore, chemo-mechanical preparation complemented by ultrasonic activation of irrigants and some changes of intra-canal dressing with calcium hydroxide were performed to reduce the microbiologic load of the affected teeth as much as possible. Then, the canals were entirely filled with Biodentine to interrupt the root resorption process and strengthen the remaining root structure. A 60-month follow-up showed the disappearance of bone rarefactions and the complete repair of the 11 EIRR lesions. The favorable long-term response indicates the feasibility of using tricalcium silicate-based putty as part of orthograde endodontic treatment of teeth with EIRR and root perforations.
Protective Effect of Phloretin against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Damage by Enhancing Autophagic Flux in DF-1 Cells
Authors: Song Dan , Liu Feng , Tao Wenjing , Wu Xian , Bi Haiyang , Li Xiangchen , Shu Jianhong , Wang Dong
Published: December 2022

Phloretin (PHL) is a dihydrochalcone flavonoid isolated from the peel and root bark of apples, strawberries, and other plants with antioxidative characteristic. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect and the potential mechanism of PHL on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage in DF-1 cells. The results showed that PHL exhibited no cytotoxic effect on DF-1 cells at concentration below 20 μM. PHL markedly increased H2O2-reduced cell viability, decreased H2O2-induced apoptosis, as evidenced by reduced apoptosis rate, the upregulation of gene and protein level of Bcl-2, and the downregulation of gene and protein level of Bax and Cleaved caspase3. In addition, PHL reduced H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and restored antioxidant enzymes activities as well as mitochondrial membrane potential in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, PHL prior to H2O2 further increased LC3-II level, promoted p62 turnover and improved lysosomal function. Importantly, autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) reversed the protective effect of PHL, and increased H2O2-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, PHL inhibited the phosphorylation levels of ERK, p38, and JNK. Collectively, these results indicate that PHL could attenuate H2O2-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis by maintaining lysosomal function and promoting autophagic flux, and MAPKs pathway may be involved in this process. Our study provides evidence that PHL could as a new strategy to against oxidative damage in poultry industry.
Supervised, Heavy Resistance Training Is Tolerated and Potentially Beneficial in Women with Knee Pain and Knee Joint Hypermobility: A Case Series
Authors: Henriksen Peter , Junge Tina , Bojsen-Møller Jens , Juul-Kristensen Birgit , Thorlund Jonas Bloch
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Adults with generalised joint hypermobility including knee joint hypermobility (GJHk) report more knee joint symptoms when compared to adults without GJHk. There is no consensus on best practice for symptom management. For instance, controversy exists regarding the appropriateness and safety of heavy resistance training as an intervention for this specific group. This case series aims to describe a supervised, progressive heavy resistance training program in adults with GJHk and knee pain, the tolerability of the intervention, and the outcomes of knee pain, knee-related quality of life, muscle strength, proprioception, and patellar tendon stiffness through a 12-week period. Materials and Methods. Adults with GJHk and knee pain were recruited to perform supervised, progressive heavy resistance training twice a week for 12 weeks. The main outcome was the tolerability of the intervention. Secondary outcomes were knee pain during a self-nominated activity (VASNA); Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS); Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK); maximal quadriceps voluntary isometric contraction and rate of torque development; 5 repetition maximum strength in five different leg exercises; single leg hop for distance; knee proprioception and patellar tendon stiffness. Results. In total, 16 women (24.2 years, SD 2.5) completed at least 21/24 training sessions. No major adverse events were observed. On average, VASNA decreased by 32.5 mm (95% CI 21.4–43.6), in addition to improvements in KOOS and TSK scores. These improvements were supported by an increase in all measures of lower extremity muscle strength, knee proprioception, and patellar tendon stiffness. Conclusion. Supervised heavy resistance training seems to be well tolerated and potentially beneficial in young women with GJHk and knee pain.
IgA Nephropathy with Macroproteinuria and a GFR of 20-30 ml/min/1.73 m2 May Still Benefit from RAS Inhibition
Authors: Wang Ying , Jiang Shimin , Zou Guming , Zhuo Li , Li Wenge
Published: December 2022

Introduction. There has been controversy about renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibition in IgAN patients with advanced (stage 4) chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, we investigated the effect of RAS blockade in these patients. Methods. Renal specimens of 50 IgAN patients who underwent renal biopsy during stage 4 CKD between 2010 and 2020, were stained using immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of RAS receptors (AT1R, AT2R, MasR, and MrgD). The primary endpoint was a composite of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and death. Main baseline information and the administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) were collected. Results. During a median follow-up time of 25.5 months, 21 (42.0%) patients reached ESRD and none died. Six patients had a baseline eGFR of 15-20 ml/min/1.73m2, and reached ESRD with a median renal survival time of 7.0 (range 6.0-23.0) months. Among patients with a baseline eGFR of 20-30 ml/min/1.73m2, the percentage of patients using ACEI/ARB in progressive group was much lower than that in stable group (33.3% vs. 62.1%, [Formula: see text]), together with a shorter renal survival time in progressive group (26.0 vs. 30.5 months, [Formula: see text]). Macroproteinuria ([Formula: see text]) was also associated with a shorter renal survival time, as well as a significant decline in eGFR of stable group (24.4 vs. 26.4 ml/min/1.73 m2, [Formula: see text]). Lower eGFR [hazards ratio (HR), 0.829, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.724-0.950; [Formula: see text]] and use of ACEI/ARB (HR, 0.356, 95% CI, 0.133-0.953; [Formula: see text]) were predictive of time to ESRD in this stage. No differences were found in the expression of AT1R, AT2R, MasR, and MrgD of renal tissues at the time of biopsy between stable and progressive groups. Conclusion. Contingent on monitoring serum creatinine and potassium levels, IgAN with macroproteinuria and a GFR of 20-30 ml/min/1.73m2 may still benefits from intrarenal RAS inhibition.
Impacto de un programa de educación estructurado sobre el nivel de ansiedad preoperatoria de pacientes pediátricos y de sus padres
Authors: Cárdenas Antonia , Satori Josefina , Baquedano Paulina , Fuentes Ricardo , Rolle Augusto , González Arellano Alejandro
Published: December 2022

Introducción: los pacientes pediátricos y sus padres sienten ansiedad antes de una cirugía, síntoma que afecta la inducción anestésica, el dolor y el comportamiento postoperatorio. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la educación preoperatoria estructurada en el nivel de ansiedad de niños sometidos a cirugía electiva y de sus padres. Métodos: estudio prospectivo, aleatorio, doble ciego, en niños de 2-12 años, ASA I-II. Los participantes fueron aleatorizados en grupo control (información habitual) y grupo experimental (información estructurada). Se registraron variables demográficas, nivel de ansiedad en unidad preoperatoria y en pabellón en niños y padres; se evaluó el comportamiento de los niños durante la inducción anestésica. Análisis estadístico: t-test, x2; valores expresados en media y desviación estándar; significancia p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: se reclutaron 34 pacientes, 18 en grupo control y 16 en grupo experimental. Los valores ansiedad en niños pre-pabellón fueron 37,7 ± 21,4 en grupo control y 31,9 ± 11,5 en grupo experimental (p= 0,35);  durante pre-inducción fue  43,2 ± 25,3 y 36 ± 15,5 respectivamente (p= 0,33). Los niveles de ansiedad en padres pre-pabellón fueron 42,5 ± 15,5 para grupo control y 37,6 ± 6,9 en grupo experimental (p= 0,25), y  al retirarse del pabellón fueron de 45,1 ± 16,6 y 43,9 ± 9,8 respectivamente (p= 0,82). No hubo diferencias en el comportamiento durante la inducción anestésica entre ambos grupos (p= 0,24). Conclusiones: no fue posible demostrar efectos de información estructurada en niveles de ansiedad en niños que van a ser operados y en sus padres.
Parche de sangre cervical para tratamiento de síndrome de hipotensión/ hipovolumen de líquido cefalorraquídeo espontáneo. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Lacassie Hector J. , Mellado Patricio , Benavides Javiera , De la Cuadra Juan Carlos , Cruz Juan P. , Díaz José P. , Elgueta Francisca
Published: December 2022

Presentamos el tratamiento eficaz de una filtración espontánea de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) asociada a un síndrome de hipotensión/hipovolumen de LCR a nivel cervical alto, caracterizado por delirio y hematomas subdurales secundarios, refractarios al drenaje quirúrgico, que se resolvió con dos parches de sangre epidurales cervicales consecutivos.
Fibromialgia en Chile: revisión de la literatura y propuesta para una futura política pública en atención primaria de salud
Authors: Ramirez Robles Vicente , Alfaro Bugueño Javiera , Torres Fernández Ayleen , Martínez Villavicencio Camila , Bustamante Bustamante Alejandra , Soto Subiabre Mauricio
Published: December 2022

Introducción: la fibromialgia (FM) es una enfermedad crónica caracterizada por dolor musculoesquelético y un espectro de síntomas somáticos. Se asocia a un alto costo y compromiso en la calidad de vida de los pacientes, razón por la que es necesaria una política pública en atención primaria de salud (APS) en Chile, que contribuya con el diagnóstico temprano, tratamiento y seguimiento. Métodos: revisión bibliográfica narrativa centrada en las características de la FM, tratamiento y políticas públicas vigentes (Chile, España y Uruguay), utilizando PubMed, Cochrane, Epistemonikos, Google Scholar y GreyLit. La búsqueda se realizó desde el 3 de septiembre al 11 de diciembre de 2020. Resultados: la prevalencia global de la FM alcanza el 2,7%, con una proporción mujeres y hombres de 3:1. Se estima una prevalencia entre 1 a 2% y un alto impacto en la calidad de vida y un alto costo asociado a discapacidad. Uruguay y España han implementado políticas públicas para FM, con enfoque principal en atención de salud integral y plan de reinserción laboral. En Chile, no existe la incorporación de la FM en ningún programa de salud que garantice el acceso y tratamiento. Conclusión: la FM es una enfermedad polisintomática, que impacta en la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Dada su prevalencia a nivel nacional, retraso en el diagnóstico e inicio de un tratamiento, se ve justificada una política pública. En el presente artículo se propone la creación de Unidades de Fibromialgia en APS, cuyas características consideren aspectos de interdisciplinaridad y territorialidad que permitan un acceso rápido a diagnóstico, tratamiento, seguimiento, derivación oportuna a especialistas y educación a los pacientes y profesionales.
Asociación entre depresión y teletrabajo durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Chile
Authors: Araya Alvaro , Gonzalez Caruz Dominga , Manríquez Cabrera Emma
Published: December 2022

Introducción: a principios del 2020, el mundo experimentó una pandemia COVID-19 que repercutió en múltiples ámbitos de la vida, entre ellos la salud mental y el área laboral. En este periodo, se han observado grandes cambios sociales, específicamente en términos del teletrabajo. Paralelamente, se han objetivado mayores niveles de depresión y ansiedad en la población. Actualmente hay escasos estudios que exploran cómo ambas variables se relacionan en conjunto y, por ello, en el presente artículo se explorará el trabajo vía telemática y la presencia de sintomatología depresiva. Métodos: datos obtenidos de un estudio longitudinal que tomó una muestra aleatoria de 1383 personas entre 21 y 68 años. Se recopilaron datos demográficos, laborales y se evaluó la presencia de síntomas depresivos mediante el Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9). Resultados: un 45% de las personas que mantenían un empleo con teletrabajo presentaba algún grado de sintomatología depresiva en comparación con un 30,9% de las personas ocupadas sin teletrabajo. Discusión: interpretamos que inicialmente el teletrabajo se presentaba como una forma idónea de trabajo. No obstante, se comenzaron a evidenciar factores de riesgo conocidos para desarrollar sintomatología depresiva, tales como; el sedentarismo, tiempo frente a las pantallas, insomnio y aislamiento social. Frente a dicha realidad, los resultados del presente estudio son concordantes con lo descrito en la literatura, pero aún falta profundizar su impacto a largo plazo y las medidas protectoras que se podrían implementar.
Crisis Sanitaria del Covid-19 y su impacto en el Mercado Bursátil Latinoamericano
Authors: Muñoz González Marcial
Published: December 2022

Este artículo midió el impacto en el mercado bursátil de Latinoamérica de la Crisis Sanitaria por COVID-19, entre el periodo de anuncio de primeros casos e implementación de políticas para enfrentar sus consecuencias, a través del análisis de los retornos accionarios anormales de las empresas que componen los índices bursátiles de Chile, Brasil, México, Argentina, Colombia y Perú. Se usó la metodología de estudio de eventos complementada con un análisis de regresión en torno a los principales acontecimientos entre el reporte de los primeros casos, el primer caso en el continente y las políticas para enfrentar la pandemia, como implementación de cuarentenas y anuncio de planes económicos. Los países con un mayor impacto fueron Brasil, México y Colombia, mientras que Argentina, Perú y Chile a pesar de presentar resultados a la baja, su comportamiento fue más estable en comparación con los otros.
reflexión sobre los códigos de conducta del Contador Público colombiano
Authors: Buriticá Cárdenas María , Martínez Casarrubia Estefani , Toro Jaramillo Paula Cristina , Rodríguez Piñeros Leidy
Published: December 2022

Hay posturas a favor y en contra de la convergencia que realizó Colombia respecto a las normas de ética que regulan la profesión contable, debido a que en lugar de abolir la normativa vigente (Ley 43 de 1990) y establecer la internacional (código IFAC), se adoptaron ambos códigos, lo que ha generado divisiones y confusión respecto a su aplicación, principalmente en lo que respecta a los procesos disciplinarios. Este estudio se centra en reflexionar sobre las similitudes y diferencias del código de ética contable en el contexto colombiano e internacional, profundizando en aspectos sancionatorios. La metodología tuvo enfoque mixto, al aplicar encuestas y entrevistas. Los resultados evidencian que los Contadores Públicos sólo son sancionados bajo los preceptos de la Ley 43 de 1990, por tanto, la normativa colombiana se centra en el profesional como persona y parte de la sociedad, mientras el código IFAC proteger al cliente o empresa
progresión jerárquica de los profesionales contables. Una aproximación reflexiva desde los estudios de género
Authors: González Rojas Tatiana Marcela , Restrepo Quintero Katherine , Chamorro González Candy
Published: December 2022

Los estudios de género en contabilidad abrieron un espacio para abordar las dinámicas organizacionales dentro de las Firmas de Auditoría, pues, se evidencia que, aunque los modelos de gestión enfocados al desarrollo humano proponen unas condiciones de plan de carrera, no suelen surtir el efecto positivo que suscitó su institucionalización. Por ende, este estudio de corte cualitativo reflexiona aspectos de la proyección y progresión jerárquica de los profesionales considerando los roles de género. Se identificó que hablar de motivación y proyección profesional dentro de la escala jerárquica de las Firmas implica reconocer las variables más allá de las escalas de autorrealización para enfocarse en cuestiones como el conflicto entre el trabajo y la familia que aún hoy en pleno siglo XXI, sigue provocando decisiones que limitan a las mujeres romper el techo de cristal y quienes deciden hacerlo deben seguir caminos masculinizados para llegar al éxito.
Характеристика клітинного та видового складу мікрофлори слизової оболонки порожнини рота у хворих на червоний плоский лишай
Authors: Божик С. С.
Published: December 2022

Резюме. Червоний плоский лишай є поліетіологічним захворюванням, у патогенезі якого беруть участь імунні, нейроендокринні, інтоксикаційні, метаболічні процеси з ураженням шкіри і слизових оболонок у вигляді специфічних висипань, що розвиваються унаслідок запальних і дистрофічних процесів в уражених тканинах. Крім того, існує підвищений ризик малігнізації окремих клінічних форм, у зв'язку з чим актуальним є пошук критеріїв ранньої діагностики захворювання.
Мета дослідження – проаналізувати літературні джерела з характеристикою клітинного складу та видового складу мікрофлори слизової оболонки порожнини рота у хворих на червоний плоский лишай.
Матеріали і методи. Огляд та аналіз наукової та медичної літератури на основі баз даних Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, NCBI, вивчення яких не перевищує 10 років, включаючи огляди літератури та результати клінічних випробувань.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Червоний плоский лишай слизової оболонки порожнини рота є одним із найбільш поширених хронічних кератозів, у патогенезі яких важливе значення має безліч екзогенних і ендогенних факторів у комплексі, однак дані про частоту ураження вельми суперечливі. Домінуючими патоморфологічними процесами при даному захворюванні є запалення й альтерація тканин. Реалізація даних механізмів відбувається при безпосередній участі системи мікроциркуляції незалежно від етіології захворювання. У зв’язку з цим, при цитологічному та бактеріологічному дослідженнях мають місце як загальні ознаки вищевказаних процесів, так і специфічні маркери, діагностична цінність яких має вагоме значення при встановленні діагнозу, і як наслідок, коректно проведеному комплексі лікувальних заходів.
Висновки. Велика різноманітність клінічних проявів, відсутність чіткого уявлення про етіопатогенетичні механізми розвитку червоного плоского лишаю порожнини рота вимагають персоніфікованого, комплексного лікування, заснованого на індивідуальному підході до кожного хворого з урахуванням імовірного етіологічного чинника, клініки та застосованого спектра лабораторних  досліджень.
The China Factor in Africa’s Path to Liberal Democracy
Authors: Venkataraman Manickam , Vignesh R.
Published: December 2022

This article explores whether China’s political and economic relations with African countries constitute a factor in undermining Africa’s path to liberal democracy or not. It addresses the question of why democratic values like human rights could not be sustained in some African countries. Along this line, could China’s economic influence harm the democratisation of the African continent? The argument of this article is that differing perceptions of democracy coupled with China’s entry in Africa as an alternative to the West have provided a context for several African countries to elude the liberal democratic path. The article concludes that, in providing them with economic support, China has introduced concepts of an alternative model of government to several African countries that had initially embraced liberal democracy. China’s close relations with Africa thus have been a game-changer for the post-Cold War liberal order.
Privatisation Policy and the Ghanaian Gold Mining Industry
Authors: Oppong Nana Yaw
Published: December 2022

The World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) help ailing developing economies to address their debts and economic crises. To receive this help, however, these international financial institutions (IFI s) have in the past demanded reforms, termed Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAP). One of the SAP policies has been the privatisation of state-owned enterprises (SOE s), which Ghana embraced and implemented from 1983. This article evaluates Ghana’s privatisation of the Ghanaian gold mining industry (the second-largest foreign-exchange earner and major beneficiary of the policy). Using predominantly academic and popular literature, data from the Ghana Chamber of Mines and insider accounts, this study reveals that the policy has resulted in benefits (organisational and national gains) and costs (social and national costs). The article calls on the World Bank/IMF and the gold mining industry to renew their commitment to the recognition of the social and environmental benefits to the citizens.
From l’Entente to Dhimmis
Authors: Anouti Hani
Published: December 2022

This article aims to analyse and assess the exercised discrimination and the decline in the role of Christians, in general, and Copts, particularly, in Egypt from 1952 to 2010. The deterioration of the Coptic situation along with the political, social, cultural, and religious discrimination will be addressed and compared between the authoritarian regimes of Gamal Abdel Nasser, Anwar al Sadat, and Hosni Mubarak respectively. Political and militant Islam will be also addressed from the perspective of Christian politicisation and societal discrimination. The article will clarify in its conclusion, the gradual transformation status of the Copts from being protégé under the entente to become present-day Dhimmis.
Realising Māori Children’s Rights
Authors: Cleland Alison
Published: December 2022

This article argues that the principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child are of limited relevance, when considering Māori children’s rights. It further argues that law and processes recognising Māori children’s rights should be grounded in the principles of the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the Treaty of Waitangi. The analysis suggests that realising Māori children’s rights will require decolonisation of youth justice and family justice systems, respect for Māori self-determination and the recognition of Māori children’s collective cultural rights.
The Uneven Distribution of Children’s Rights
Authors: Wyness Michael
Published: December 2022

The discourse on children’s rights has reconceptualised children and childhood in terms of human integrity and ontology. However, there are ongoing questions over its universal applicability. In this paper I offer a critical examination of children’s rights, focusing on the uneven distribution rather than universal spread of rights which dominates the discourse. The paper focuses on educational rights in terms of frames of reference that limit children’s access to rights, including mass compulsory schooling, futurity and discursive forms of participation. Drawing on the illustrative case of young carers in England, the paper argues this critical conception of schooling restricts children’s access to formal education, marginalising their material and emotional contributions to their families and communities. In the final section I explore an alternative framework, children’s ‘living rights’ within which to understand the work that young carers undertake and thus improve access to their rights.
The New German Host State Act
Authors: Kunz-Hallstein Hans Peter
Published: December 2022

States compete in seeking to host international institutions. To this end Germany recently adopted a national host state act offering interested institutions and their organizational units an extensive catalogue of privileges and immunities. This piece presents the act and addresses the question of its applicability to organizations and any subsidiaries hosted under earlier international instruments.
Syriac Spells for a Mill and Their Historical Context
Authors: Cherkashina Anna , Cherkashin Dmitry , Saar Ortal-Paz
Published: December 2022

This article considers a text-unit known in five Syriac codices and consisting of up to three magical recipes. The target of all these recipes is a mill: two of them are curses (ˀassārā ‘binding spell’) and intend to stop the mill, while the third one is a counter-spell (šeryānā ‘loosening spell’), which aims to annul the curse. One of the two binding spells includes a rare example of an Arabic incantation written in Garshuni. The main purpose of this article is to make these texts available via critical editions. In addition, light is shed on the broader context of magical practices, by drawing attention to Syriac recipes for an oven and their Jewish parallels, and by presenting two Jewish parallels of spells related to a mill: a Judaeo-Arabic text from the Cairo Genizah and a spell from a Byzantine manuscript. We offer a reconsideration of the interpretation of the Judaeo-Arabic text, as our reading differs from that of the Editio Priceps.
Scripture and Philosophy in the Writings of Arius of Alexandria: A Brief Note
Authors: Krausmüller Dirk
Published: December 2022

This brief note seeks to cast light on the sources that Arius used in his writings. The first part focuses on Scripture and the second part on philosophical texts. Two passages will be analysed, the first part of the creedal letter to bishop Alexander of Alexandria, and one section of the hymnic Thalia.
How Salome Seduced Constantius II on Stage
Authors: Schulz Fabian
Published: December 2022

Athanasius, the bishop of Alexandria, was a master of invective. In this paper, I want to take a closer look at the negative representation of Arian bishops and emperor Constantius II in the Historia Arianorum through a close reading of a key passage that is often quoted, but rarely discussed in detail (chapter 52). I want to highlight how Athanasius supercharges his representation with references to the past, to drama and to the bible. This topic is indebted to recent scholarship on Athanasius and his polemics, which it hopes to enrich by highlighting Athanasius’ allusiveness and influence. Occasionally I will draw on Athanasius’ earlier works to show how his line of argument developed and refer to other authors who either took over his image or held different views. This paper contributes to the ongoing study of invective, which was so prominent in the religious sphere.
The Necessity of a Global Legal Framework for Protection of Marine Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction
Authors: Sato Chie
Published: December 2022

This paper will consider whether the ‘International Legally Binding Instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction’ (BBNJ agreement) could provide the basis for an integrated framework for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in the area beyond national jurisdiction, and if in doing so, it could in turn give any impetus to the obligation of States to protect the marine environment stipulated in Article 192 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). To answer this question, Section 2 will briefly explain the gaps in two relevant international treaties for conservation and sustainable use of the marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). Section 3 will clarify the binding character of the BBNJ agreement in comparison to the existing relevant international agreements, such as the 1995 Fish Stocks Agreement and the Part xi Agreement. Section 4 will analyse provisions in area-based management tools and the environment impact assessment stipulated in the BBNJ draft text, to assess their role as an important basis for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity. Based on these analyses of the BBNJ draft text, Section 5 will then turn to consider the necessary elements that stand to play potentially significant roles as legally-binding tools for the conservation and sustainable use of the marine biological diversity of ABNJ. Three such elements are to be identified, the first being the binding effect of the due diligence obligation imposed by the BBNJ agreement, which could serve as a global tool for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity. The second element is the means to ensure effective implementation of the BBNJ agreement, wherein the institutional framework would play a decisive role. The third element is the characteristics of the due diligence obligation referred to in the first point. As a further consideration, Section 6 will also specifically examine the due diligence obligation for the protection of marine biological diversity of ABNJ.
The UN’s Work on Racial Discrimination: Achievements and Challenges
Authors: Garciandia Rosana , Webb Philippa
Published: December 2022

In 1997, the Commission on Human Rights and the United Nations General Assembly decided to convene the third World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance in Durban, South Africa. All the major United Nations treaties protecting individuals from racial discrimination had been adopted prior to 1997 and the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance had been created in 1993. But the Durban Conference, symbolically held in post- apartheid South Africa, generated new momentum for these political and legal commitments against racial discrimination. This chapter presents an overview of the United Nations mechanisms and initiatives tackling racial discrimination and the thematic developments since 1997. In light of contemporary challenges posed by the use of technology and pandemics, and reflecting on the intersectional nature of discrimination, it concludes with reflections on the strengths and weaknesses of the United Nations response to racial discrimination. The chapter identifies areas for further attention, including racial profiling in law enforcement and border security, racism in sport, and the deepening inequalities caused by global emergencies.
Hugo Grotius’s De iure belli ac pacis: A Report on the Worldwide Census of the Fourth Edition (1632, Janssonius)
Authors: Corredera Edward Jones , Dufour Pablo Nicolas , Muschel Lara , Salerno Emanuele , Twining Timothy , Somos Mark
Published: December 2022

This is the fourth instalment of our census and study of the reception of the first nine editions of De iure belli ac pacis. Here we focus on the two versions that Johannes Janssonius issued in 1632, one with a copy of Mare liberum attached to it. This report outlines the place of the 1632 Janssonius edition in the context of his long-running rivalry with the printer Willem Blaeu and his firm. It then explores the typographical differences between the two issues, their causes, and their significance for our understanding of the reception of the text. Finally, it provides the preliminary results of the census concerning the circulation and provenance of the fifty-three copies of this edition that we have found. We hope that this research note on the preliminary results will attract interest in this edition and that readers will kindly inform us of further copies.
Les fragments d’Avicenne dans la traduction arabo-latine de la Rhétorique d’Aristote par Hermann l’Allemand
Authors: Woerther Frédérique , Celli Gaia
Published: December 2022

L’utilisation d’Avicenne par Hermann l’Allemand dans sa traduction latine de la version arabe de la Rhétorique d’Aristote, brièvement mentionnée par William Boggess, a été longuement étudiée et évaluée par Gaia Celli dans deux publications de 2012 et 2017, dans la perspective d’une réédition de la Rhétorique du Šifāʾ qui prendra en compte une variété et un nombre plus conséquents de manuscrits arabes. La présente contribution s’inscrit dans la logique et la lignée de deux études précédentes, dédiées à l’utilisation par Hermann d’al-Fārābī et d’Averroès, dans sa traduction arabo-latine de la Rhétorique. Il s’agit en effet, tout d’abord, de présenter pour la première fois l’édition arabo-latine des fragments et témoignages d’Avicenne dans la traduction d’Hermann, à partir des deux témoins conservés de ce texte, et en lui adjoignant un second apparat critique pointant les écarts entre cette version latine et le texte d’Avicenne tel qu’il a été édité par Sālim. Il s’agit ensuite d’évaluer le recours d’Hermann dans ce même texte à Avicenne, en le comparant à la façon dont Hermann a recouru au Grand commentaire d’al-Fārābī à la Rhétorique d’une part, et au Commentaire moyen d’Averroès à la Rhétorique d’autre part, afin de caractériser plus précisément la pratique d’Hermann – une pratique qui déborde en effet bien largement ce que l’on entend aujourd’hui par le simple terme de « traduction ». Il s’agit enfin, à partir de l’édition des fragments d’Avicenne dans la traduction latine d’Hermann d’une part, et des avancements qui ont été récemment réalisés dans la connaissance de la transmission manuscrite d’Avicenne, de proposer une esquisse de reconstruction stemmatique de la tradition de la Rhétorique du Šifāʾ et, dans un dernier temps, de tenter d’isoler la place que tient la source arabe d’Hermann dans cette tradition.