bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Um paraíso selvagem: a Amazônia e os romances regionalistas de Raimundo Moraes
Authors: Paiva Marco Aurélio Coelho
Published: September 2016

O artigo objetiva analisar os três romances de Raimundo Moraes publicados entre os anos finais da década de 1930 e início dos anos 1940: Os Igaraúnas, O mirante do Baixo Amazonas e Ressuscitados. Ao abordar tanto os entrechos de cada uma das narrativas romanescas quanto a produção ensaística do autor, viabiliza-se uma articulação entre os elementos textuais e o contexto político e cultural. Tal articulação, por seu turno, permite que se vislumbrem não só os aspectos pitorescos da região amazônica deliberadamente visados pelo autor em seus romances, mas também faz ressaltar os embates intelectuais nos quais ele se encontrava inserido. As tramas e personagens dos romances, dessa forma, deixam entrever tanto como tais embates foram percebidos pelo autor quanto a sua concepção do papel a ser assumido pelo intelectual nesse contexto.
Evasão do mundo na memorialística de Manuel Bandeira
Authors: Pinheiro Fernando
Published: September 2016

O trabalho analisa extratos da obra memorialística de Manuel Bandeira evidenciando o lugar e o uso social da memória quando vinculada a um modo estratégico de organização da vida literária, com efeitos decisivos para a construção da imagem e o controle da recepção logrados pelo poeta. Noutra ponta, trato de aquilatar o engajamento dos textos autobiográficos na produção de uma memória coletiva atinente à representação da nação, projeto acalentado pelo modernismo brasileiro.
Gosto musical e pertencimento social: O caso do samba e do choro no Rio de Janeiro e em São Paulo
Authors: Fernandes Dmitri Cerboncini , Pulici Carolina Martins
Published: September 2016

Com base em dados levantados em questionários aplicados entre 2006 e 2009 junto ao público de oito casas de espetáculo de São Paulo e do Rio de Janeiro dedicadas à difusão do choro e do samba (e seus subgêneros), este artigo argumenta que a hierarquia culturalmente reconhecida desses gêneros e subgêneros corresponde à hierarquia social de seus consumidores. Apesar da atual popularidade acadêmica do postulado do ecletismo cultural e dos consumidores “omnívoros”, a desigual probabilidade de acesso a esses diferentes bens musicais faz com que ainda se possa afirmar que o espaço de produção e propagação do samba e do choro nessas duas capitais brasileiras mantém uma relação de homologia com o espaço social em que são recrutados os ouvintes desse tipo de música.
Voto assimétrico, classes e mobilidade social no Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro Carlos Antonio Costa , Israel Vinícius Pinheiro
Published: September 2016

Este artigo analisa a relação entre a estrutura de classes, os padrões de mobilidade social dos eleitores e a declaração retrospectiva de voto no segundo turno da eleição presidencial de 2006. As análises permitem discutir a hipótese do voto assimétrico, segundo a qual a correlação entre classes sociais e voto é mediada pelos padrões de mobilidade intergeracional ascendente e descendente. Outras hipóteses correlatas também são discutidas a partir das análises empíricas, que são todas baseadas na estimação de modelos hierárquicos bayesianos.
O espaço das classes sociais no Brasil
Authors: Bertoncelo Edison
Published: September 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo reconstruir o espaço das classes sociais no Brasil. Sua principal referência teórica são os estudos de classe inspirados pela perspectiva bourdieusiana, embora sejam também consideradas as potencialidades das teorias de classe weberiana e marxista. Os dados são extraídos da pesquisa Dimensões da Desigualdade Social, que contém uma amostra de mais de oito mil domicílios. Como método de análise, o estudo combina análise de correspondências múltiplas e análise hierárquica de cluster.
Entrevista com John Scott
Authors: Bertoncelo Edison , Pereira Virgílio Borges
Published: September 2016

Texto traz entrevista com o sociólogo John Scott.
TEORIAS DA SENSAÇÃO EM PESSOA E BERGSON
Authors: Malufe Annita Costa
Published: September 2016

O artigo explora aspectos do Sensacionismo, movimento da vanguarda portuguesa – iniciado na Revista Orpheu por Fernando Pessoa e Mário de Sá-Carneiro –, tendo como foco explorar proximidades entre o conceito pessoano de sensação e aquele formulado pela filosofia de Henri Bergson (1859-1941). Explicitando as possíveis relações do pensamento do filósofo francês com aquele de Pessoa, teorizado e experimentado pelo poeta em sua obra tanto poética quanto crítica, tem-se como objetivo destacar a atualidade e a pertinência do conceito de sensação de Pessoa para as reflexões filosóficas e poéticas da atualidade.
O PROBLEMA DA SENSAÇÃO NO ”LIVRO DO DESASSOSSEGO“
Authors: Orione Eduino José de Macedo
Published: September 2016

Este artigo investiga o problema da sensação no Livro do desassossego, de Fernando Pessoa.  Busca-se, inicialmente, entender quais são os usos e os sentidos que o termo “sensação” adquire na obra.  Em seguida, esclarece-se como a sensação é um modo de o sujeito ser no mundo, e quais as conseqüências disso para o processo de escrita.
“ALABARDAS, ALABARDAS, ESPINGARDAS, ESPINGARDAS”, O ROMANCE INACABADO DE JOSÉ SARAMAGO.
Authors: Mattia Bianca Rosina
Published: September 2016

Resenha da edição portuguesa do livro de José Saramago "Alabardas, alabardas, Espingardas, espingardas".
PROBLEMÁTICAS EXISTENCIAIS E MODERNIDADE DE HÚMUS DE RAUL BRANDÃO
Authors: Mochila Miguel Filipe
Published: September 2016

O presente ensaio apresenta uma releitura de Húmus de Raul Brandão centrada nas problemáticas existenciais que atravessam o mencionado texto, sublinhando o trajeto de modernidade que o mesmo prefigura, articulando-o com temáticas e questionamentos de ordem filosófico-antropológica que o século XX desenvolveria. Assim, o pendor metafísico da obra desdobra um conjunto de intuições próprias das filosofias ditas da existência, radicando na ambígua relação com o divino, gerando o pressentimento de uma angústia existencial que implica uma autoexigência de configuração de um sentido que oblitere ou supere a consciência agónica do tempo, sentido que a relação erótica (não) concretizaria. A fragmentação textual, a propensão repetitiva e circular da narrativa, a presentificação, a polifonia, as dilações e omissões discursivas constituem estratégias textuais de desafio à lógica destrutiva do tempo linear tendente ao nada que esta ordem metafísica instaura. O dito desafio, sendo invariavelmente fracassado, acaba ainda assim por derivar numa proposta ética da resiliência face à morte, da elevação da vida como valor, que justifica o cunho pré-existencialista de Raul Brandão e dá o tom da sua modernidade.
TRADIÇÃO E VANGUARDA NA CONSOLIDAÇÃO DA LÍRICA MODERNA EM PORTUGAL
Authors: Fernandes Maria Lúcia Outeiro
Published: September 2016

Num primeiro momento, este trabalho focaliza algumas relações possíveis entre conceitos-chave para se entender a arte no século XX, tais como moderno, modernidade e modernismo, buscando delinear o papel da Geração de Orpheu na modernização da lírica portuguesa. Num segundo momento, analisa alguns aspectos do diálogo e das tensões entre tradição e vanguarda, verificados durante o processo de modernização da poesia portuguesa, especialmente na obra de Fernando Pessoa.
Relationship between dynapenia, sarcopenia and functional mobility in institutionalized frail elderly
Authors: Soares Antonio V. , Marcelino Elessandra , Borges Júnior Noé G. , Domenech Susana C. , Loch Monique S. G. , Sagawa Júnior Yoshimasa
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Among the disabling events with advancing age, there is the Frail Elderly Syndrome (FES), resulting in a higher risk of falls, disability, hospitalization and even death. Objective: verify the relationship between dynapenia, sarcopenia and functional mobility of institutionalized frail elderly. Methods: A descriptive correlational study was conducted with 26 institutionalized elderly men and women with average 82,3 ±6 years. All participants had three or more fragile characteristics according to established criteria. Measuring instruments used as inclusion criteria were the Mini Mental State Examination and the Geriatric Depression Scale. As specific instruments were International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Timed Up and Go Test, handgrip dynamometer, handheld dynamometer to assess large muscle groups and the Lee equation to estimate the total muscle mass. Results: Functional mobility correlated significantly only with muscle strength measurements (handgrip r-0,50, upper limbs 0,59, lower limbs r-0.61 and the appendicular muscle strength, considering the four limbs r-0.63). Conclusion: Programs for prevention and treatment of FES depend on accurate clinical diagnosis. The accuracy of the evaluation of muscle strength is essential, and the use of dynamometry can make a decisive contribution for this purpose
“Musk among Perfumes”
Authors: George Annie Rachel , Rath Arnapurna
Published: September 2016

The complexities of scriptural translation intensify in colonial, multilingual societies. In this study, we examine Thomas Stephens’s Kristapurana (1616) as a significant moment of cross-cultural encounters in the history of Bible translation in India. Stephens (1549–1619) was an English Jesuit, who worked in Goa, India. The Kristapurana is written in the Marathi language, in Roman script. Stephens’s Purana can be considered the first attempt to bring the biblical story into an Indian language, although in poetic form. This study aims to bring out the significance of this early Christian work in the Marathi language by analyzing Stephens’s translation of the biblical story into Marathi. The Kristapurana is studied as a site where Christianity and indigenous Hindu practices come together to form a “creative” expression of Christianity strongly reminiscent of the region that it was produced in.
Patristic Scholarship and Religious Contention, 1678–1716
Authors: Touber Jetze
Published: September 2016

Lactantius’s treatise De mortibus persecutorum, which celebrates the end of the persecutions of Christians in the Roman empire, was lost for six centuries. Its discovery in 1678 was a European event which set the sophisticated machinery of information exchange in the republic of letters in motion. Scholars joined forces in expounding the historical significance of the patristic text. However, this collective enterprise was also bound up with theological-political interests. Editors and commentators were all affected by affairs of state and ecclesiastical policy, which conditioned their engagement with the treatise. This article reviews the editorial history of De mortibus persecutorum, during the three decades in which it attracted scholarly attention, and it highlights the specific interests of the scholars involved. The focus will be on Gijsbert Cuper (1644–1716), often depicted as an exemplary member of the republic of letters. His paper legacy allows us to recover the theological-political concerns which informed his investigations.
Theoretical Debates within Contemporary Russian Feminism
Authors: Chebankova Elena
Published: September 2016

Feminism emerged as an important ideological trend in contemporary Russia. Different strands of this thought focus on divergent problems experienced by Russian women. Some researchers consider the experience of women representing Russia’s growing middle class. Others tend to focus on the problems of dispossessed and less privileged layers of the Russian society. The difference in the focus of attention is reminiscent of the pre-existing Western division of the feminist thought on the feminism of equality and feminism of difference. This paper will consider the main directions of these debates in Russia focusing on key aspects pondered by feminism in general. It will also argue that the state deploys both strands of feminist thought selectively in situations that suits its ideological and political purposes.
The dorsal abdominal glands and the higher classification of the Phoridae (Diptera)
Authors: DISNEY R. HENRY L.
Published: September 2016

A brief historical review of the proposed subfamilies and tribes within the Phoridae is provided. The value of the position of the female dorsal abdominal glands in the Metopininae is highlighted. It is proposed that these discharge between tergites 4 and 5 in the thus newly diagnosed Metopinini and between T5 and T6 in the resurrected tribe Gymnophorini, which embraces the Beckerinini of previous authors plus the Megaseliini, which are both synonymised with the newly diagnosed Gymnophorini. This tribe, therefore, now includes more than half the known species of Phoridae. The genus Aenigmatopoeus Schmitz is transferred from the Aenigmatiinae to the Metopininae, Metopinini, thus further undermining the presumed monophyly of the Aenigmatiinae, which may be just a polyphyletic assemblage with convergently similar flightless females.
The Neotropical species of Atractodes (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae), II: the A. pleuripunctatus species-group
Authors: BORDERA SANTIAGO , MAZÓN MARINA , SÄÄKSJÄRVI ILARI E.
Published: September 2016

We describe three new species of parasitoid wasps of the genus Atractodes (Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae) from South America: A. colchaguensis sp. nov. from Chile, and A. pleuripunctatus sp. nov. and A. saragurensis sp. nov. from Ecuador. These species are all characterized by a densely and strongly punctate mesopleuron. The Atractodes pleuripunctatus species-group is defined to accommodate the new species. In addition, the second part of the key to species of the Neotropical Atractodes including this species-group is given.
A revision of the Neotropical tortoise beetle genus Eurypedus Gistel 1834 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: SHIN CHULWOO
Published: September 2016

The genus Eurypedus Gistel is revised based on detailed morphological study, including examination of the mouthparts and genitalia. Besides previously known diagnostic characters, such as an oblong and laterally parallel-sided body, narrow elytral lamella, narrow prosternal process between the procoxae, and angled pronotal base, new diagnostic characters are identified: antennal notches on the ventral surface of antennomeres V–XI, a stridulatory file on the vertex, and paired projections on the ventral surface of the pronotum. The distinct stridulatory file is found only in males. The number of ridges of the stridulatory file varies between 48 and 59. Eurypedus thoni Barber (= Cassida oblonga Sturm in Thon) syn. nov. is synonymized with E. peltoides (Boheman). The remaining two species E. peltoides and E. nigrosignatus (Boheman) show distinct distributions separated by the Amazon Basin.
A new species of Cyphocarididae (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Lysianassoidea) from off the northeastern Brazilian coast
Authors: SORRENTINO RAYANE , ALVES JESSIKA , JOHNSSON RODRIGO , SENNA ANDRÉ R.
Published: September 2016

This paper describes a species of the genus Cyphocaris Boeck, 1871, the first record of the family Cyphocarididae Lowry & Stoddart, 1997 from Brazil. Two specimens, both females, were found in the stomach contents of a tuna caught in the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago. The new species is characterized by coxae 4 and 5 both large, coxa 4 partially overlapping coxae 2–3; coxa of pereopod 5 with ventral laminar projection and well-developed anteroventral lobe, broadly rounded and apically folded backwards, basis with anterior margin broadly rounded and posterior margin with large subacute naked projection (or spur); uropod 3, outer ramus paddle-shaped; and telson elongate and deeply cleft, with a nail.
The bees of the genus Colletes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) of the Caucasus region
Authors: KUHLMANN MICHAEL , PROSHCHALYKIN MAXIM YU.
Published: September 2016

Information about bees of the genus Colletes in the Caucasus region is summarized. Two new species are described from Azerbaijan: Colletes jovel Kuhlmann & Proshchalykin, sp. nov. and C. longimala Kuhlmann & Proshchalykin, sp. nov. Nine species are newly recorded from Caucasus: C. asiaticus Kuhlmann 1999, C. brevigena Noskiewicz 1936, C. cariniger Pérez 1903, C. glaber Warncke 1978, C. idoneus Cockerell 1922, C. inexpectatus Noskiewicz 1936, C. meyeri Noskiewicz 1936, C. schwarzi Kuhlmann 2002, and C. wahrmani Noskiewicz 1959. A total of 50 species are currently known from this area.
Visibility: How Applicable is the Century-Old Koschmieder Model?
Authors: Lee Zhongping , Shang Shaoling
Published: September 2016

Koschmieder proposed that visibility is inversely proportional to the extinction coefficient of air, and this model has been widely adopted during the past century. Using radiative transfer theory, the authors present a general relationship for the law of contrast reduction and point out that the Koschmieder model is workable only to situations when a common-size object can be viewed tens of kilometers away. However, the Koschmieder model is not applicable for viewable distances of hundreds of meters when the angular dimension of an object is significantly greater than the eye resolution of the human being. The authors further separate the term “visible” into “simple detection” or “detectability” and “clear identification” or “identifiability” and point out that the Koschmieder model is applicable to identifiability, but not necessarily for detectability. In addition, the way of calculating contrast is revised to follow the concept of brightness constancy. The results of this effort advocate the measurement and distribution of detectability in harsh weather conditions, as such data offer more useful and important information for daily life.
5-Day-Wave Interactions with Tropical Precipitation in CMIP5 Models
Authors: King Malcolm J. , Wheeler Matthew C. , Lane Todd P.
Published: September 2016

The 5-day Rossby–Haurwitz wave is unlike other large-scale wave modes that interact with tropical rainfall in that associated rainfall presents as a modulation of localized areas of rainfall instead of propagating with the wave. This form of wave-modulated convective organization in climate models has received little attention. This study investigates the simulation of interactions between the 5-day wave and tropical convection in 30 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and compares these with the interaction diagnosed from ERA-Interim and TRMM precipitation data. Models simulate the dry dynamics of the 5-day wave well, with realistic coherences between upper- and lower-tropospheric winds, as well as magnitudes and geographic distribution of wave wind anomalies being close to observations. The models consistently display significant coherences between 5-day-wave zonal winds and precipitation but perform less well at simulating the spatial distribution and magnitude of precipitation anomalies. For example, a third of the models do not reproduce significant observed anomalies near the Andes, and the best-performing model simulates only 38% of the observed variance over the tropical Andes and 24% of the observed variance over the Gulf of Guinea. Models with higher resolution perform better in simulating the magnitude of the Andean rainfall anomalies, but there is no similar relationship over the Gulf of Guinea. The evidence therefore suggests that the simulated interaction is mostly one way only, with the wave dynamics forcing the precipitation variations on the 5-day time scale.
Old habits die hard, sometimes: history and civil service politicization in Europe
Authors: Mikkelsen Kim Sass
Published: September 2016

This article examines relationships between historical administrative systems and civil service politicization across Europe. I argue that to appreciate when and how history matters, we need to consider public service bargains struck between politicians and senior bureaucrats. Doing so complicates the relationship between historical and current administrative systems: a bureaucratic, as opposed to patrimonial, 18th-century state infrastructure is necessary for the depoliticization of ministerial bureaucracies in present-day Western Europe. However, the relationship does not hold in East-Central Europe since administrative histories are tumultuous and fractured. Combining data from across the European continent, I provide evidence in support of these propositions.

Points for practitioners

This article addresses policymakers dealing with reforms of personnel policy regimes at the centre of government. It considers the importance of history for politically attractive reforms, as well as the limits of this importance. I argue that 18th-century state infrastructures shape the extent to which political appointments are politically attractive tools for administrative control. I show that only in countries that feature a bureaucratic, as opposed to patrimonial, 18th-century infrastructure are ministerial top management occupied by a permanent, as opposed to politically appointed, staff. However, in East-Central Europe, a ruptured administrative history ensures that the distant past does not similarly shape the extent of political appointments.
Life Course Pathways of Economic Hardship and Mobility and Midlife Trajectories of Health
Authors: Willson Andrea E. , Shuey Kim M.
Published: September 2016

We utilize over 40 years of prospective data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics ( N = 1,229) and repeated-measures latent class analysis to examine how long-term patterns of stability and change in economic hardship from childhood to adulthood are related to subsequent trajectories of midlife health. We review conceptual and methodological approaches to examining health inequality across the life course and highlight the contribution of a person-centered, disaggregated approach to modeling health and its association with long-term pathways of economic resources, including changing resources associated with mobility. Findings suggest those who experienced early mobility out of economic hardship were less likely than those in persistent economic hardship to experience a high-risk health trajectory, while experiencing later mobility did not lessen this risk. We conclude with a call for further investigation into the role of social mobility and the timing, degree, and direction of change in investigations of health inequality.
The Exposure Experience
Authors: Judge J. Matthew , Brown Phil , Brody Julia Green , Ryan Serena
Published: September 2016

This article explores the “exposure experience” of participants who received their personal results in a biomonitoring study for perfluorooctanoic acid. Exposure experience is the process of identifying, understanding, and responding to chemical contamination. When biomonitoring studies report results to participants, those participants generate an exposure experience that identifies hidden contaminants and helps level informational imbalances between polluters and affected communities. Participants welcomed the opportunity to learn their exposure results, reporting no psychological harm following report-back. They wove health, economic, and political considerations into their interpretation of results and their present views of past impact. Participants framed their experiences by a half-century of dependence on the chemical industry’s economic benefits, leading them to considerable acceptance of chemical exposure as a tradeoff for jobs and the local economy. Our findings show that the exposure experience is an ongoing process that influences social action, with new activism being generated by exposure and health studies.
Chronic Disease at Midlife
Authors: Andersson Matthew A.
Published: September 2016

Childhood socioeconomic status (SES) often is associated with physical health even decades later. However, parent-child emotional bonds during childhood may modify the importance of childhood SES to emergent health inequalities across the life course. Drawing on national data on middle-aged adults (1995 and 2005 National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States; MIDUS; Ns = 2,746 and 1,632), I find that compromised parent-child bonds eliminate the association between childhood SES and midlife disease. Longitudinal models of incident disease across one decade show that childhood abuse in particular continues to undermine the health protection associated with childhood SES. When childhood SES is moderate to high, compromised parent-child bonds lead to no predicted health benefits from childhood SES. In total, these findings direct attention to parent-child bonds as social-psychological levers for the transmission of class-based health advantages.
Is Sex Good for Your Health? A National Study on Partnered Sexuality and Cardiovascular Risk among Older Men and Women
Authors: Liu Hui , Waite Linda J. , Shen Shannon , Wang Donna H.
Published: September 2016

Working from a social relationship and life course perspective, we provide generalizable population-based evidence on partnered sexuality linked to cardiovascular risk in later life using national longitudinal data from the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project (NSHAP) ( N = 2,204). We consider characteristics of partnered sexuality of older men and women, particularly sexual activity and sexual quality, as they affect cardiovascular risk. Cardiovascular risk is defined as hypertension, rapid heart rate, elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), and general cardiovascular events. We find that older men are more likely to report being sexually active, having sex more often, and more enjoyably than are older women. Results from cross-lagged models suggest that high frequency of sex is positively related to later risk of cardiovascular events for men but not women, whereas good sexual quality seems to protect women but not men from cardiovascular risk in later life. We find no evidence that poor cardiovascular health interferes with later sexuality for either gender.
Comparison of machine learning methods for stationary wavelet entropy-based multiple sclerosis detection: decision tree, k-nearest neighbors, and support vector machine
Authors: Zhang Yudong , Lu Siyuan , Zhou Xingxing , Yang Ming , Wu Lenan , Liu Bin , Phillips Preetha , Wang Shuihua
Published: September 2016

In order to detect multiple sclerosis (MS) subjects from healthy controls (HCs) in magnetic resonance imaging, we developed a new system based on machine learning. The MS imaging data was downloaded from the eHealth laboratory at the University of Cyprus, and the HC imaging data was scanned in our local hospital with volunteers enrolled from community advertisement. Inter-scan normalization was employed to remove the gray-level difference. We adjust the misclassification costs to alleviate the effect of unbalanced class distribution to the classification performance. We utilized two-level stationary wavelet entropy (SWE) to extract features from brain images. Then, we compared three machine learning based classifiers: the decision tree, k-nearest neighbors (kNN), and support vector machine. The experimental results showed the kNN performed the best among all three classifiers. In addition, the proposed SWE+kNN approach is superior to four state-of-the-art approaches. Our proposed MS detection approach is effective.
Russia on the rebound: using and misusing the Responsibility to Protect
Authors: Ziegler Charles E
Published: September 2016

Russian leaders consider the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) a Western liberal democratic norm that erodes sovereignty and threatens Russia’s great power status. They suspect the United States and Europe use R2P as a means of effecting regime changes that support their national interests, not as a purely altruistic effort to protect vulnerable populations. Having experienced state collapse, societal fragmentation, and a weakened foreign policy over the past two decades, Russia rejects the Western universalist interpretation of R2P in favor of a civilizational perspective that privileges the Kremlin’s interpretation of when intervention is or is not legitimate. A close analysis of domestic factors in Russian politics, combined with an understanding of Moscow’s newly confident approach to geopolitics, are needed to understand Russia’s position as one of the most vocal critics of the Responsibility to Protect.
A Strategic Framework for Profit Planning: Concepts, Systems, and Structure
Authors: Bhattacharyya S.K.
Published: September 2016

A framework for providing a long-term strategic perspective for profit planning exercises is suggested. The recommended corporate policy guidelines spell out strategic planning parameters, e.g., a) future external environment, regulatory policies, end-user operations, past performance, etc., which are likely to have a substantial bearing on the organization's planned operations and b) the desired level of performance, by way of tentative financial and nonfinancial targets. These guidelines (translated in regional or product-group terms) provide the basis for formulating draft budgets which are then analysed and settled on the basis of the original guidelines.

Recommendations are made relating to the nature and content of such guidelines, the iterative process of budget formulation and settlement, and development of contingency plans. A structural back-up is provided by way of quarterly Policy Review Committee meetings to review the initial planning assumptions. An external environment scanning and information system is suggested for providing the required data and information for updating the assumptions and identifying the policy and tactical shifts necessary for achieving the original financial and non-financial targets.
Uncertainty Analysis in Project Appraisal*
Authors: Malya M. Meenakshi
Published: September 2016

One of the inherent characteristics of capital investment projects is the presence of uncertainties in estimated outlays and future benefits. The concept of sensitivity analysis in project appraisal has been recently extended to include risk analysis. The assessment of the nature and magnitude of uncertainties poses methodological problems. The complexities arising out of interdependencies among the uncertainties necessitate a formal approach to risk analysis. A methodology for assessing the uncertainties, especially when they are interdependent, is outlined here. The application of the methodology is illustrated in the context of a project financed by the World Bank.
Middle Age and Organizational Role
Authors: Kakar Sudhir
Published: September 2016

Taking the mid-life crisis as its starting point, this paper discusses some of the psychological problems which affect the organizational role of the middle-aged executive. These problems relate to setbacks in career and the ways the executive and the organization try to deal with these failures, the career successes which too can be sometimes a source of bitterness, the retirement or death of older “sponsors” in the organization with whom the now middle-aged individual had begun his working life, and, finally, the strain in the relationship with the younger generation entering the organization. The author concludes that it is only through a radical self-confrontation at this point of life, the questioning of his identity, and a review of what he wanted earlier, what he now is, and what he can reasonably still expect that the middle aged executive can make his unique psychological contribution to the organization—the maintenance of its internal system.
A Quantitative Model for Press Media Planning in India
Authors: Jain Abhinandan Kumar
Published: September 2016

The prevalent practice of press media planning in India is to use available circulation and readership data to draw up media plans that will give the desired “reach” and average frequency of exposure (OTS) among the target audience. Plans drawn through conventional, non-formal methods obviously lack in precision and result only in crude estimates of the “reach” and the average OTS.

This paper presents a quantitative model for press media planning which uses available audience data and research. The model selects the lowest cost media plan which achieves the desired “reach” and “average OTS” per person in several target audience groups.

Application of the model to develop a zonal press media plan for a frequently-bought-consumer-packagedproduct showed a reduction of about 40% in cost over the cost of a media plan developed through conventional methods.
Human Behaviour Measured !!!
Authors: Moulik T.K.
Published: September 2016

This article reviews the following books: Dale G. Lake, Matthew B. Miles, & Ralph B. Earle Jr., Measuring Human Behaviour (New York: Teachers College Press, Teachers College, Columbia University, 1973). John P. Robinson & Phillip R. Shaver, Measures of Social Psychological Attitudes (Ann Arbor, Michigan: Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan, 1969). Udai Pareek & T. Venkateswara Rao, Handbook of Psychological and Social Instruments (Baroda: Samashti, 1974). Henry Clay Smith, Sensitivity Training (New York: McGraw-Hill Inc., 1973).
The Review and Follow-up Process Key to Effective Budgetary Control
Authors: Camillus J.C.
Published: September 2016

This article draws from the research finding that the effectiveness of management control systems is influenced more by the manner of administration of the systems than by greater sophistication in their design. In particular, the process of review and follow-up of actual corporate performance in relation to the budget is identified as one of the prime determinants of effectiveness. Guidelines for ensuring an effective review and follow-up process are suggested.
Pipe Line Theory on Working Capital
Authors: Mampilly Paul
Published: September 2016

The financial anatomy of the business systems is examined and a theoretical frame to understand and measure a) how the activities of business systems consume and generate funds, b) what stock of funds needs to be conserved from time to time to enable the system to perform a given rate of activities, c) what are the determinants of such a stock of funds, and d) how and at what rate and point of time the system could let out surplus or will need injections Of further funds, is developed in qualitative terms. The implications of the theoretical framework are examined and discussed.
Management Control Reports Not by Money Alone . . .
Authors: Bhattacharyya S.K.
Published: September 2016

The extent of effectiveness of management control reports has not matched the great promise generated by the development of concepts of management planning and control, and advances made in data processing in the last decade. The primary reason for this gap is the monetary orientation of such reports. Analyses of current theory and practice indicate that while the requirements of non-monetary or operational data for control has been recognized, they have not been translated into an operational and managerial framework. Recent studies of Hofstede, Sord and Welsch, and Bhattacharyya and Camillas have highlighted the need for integrating monetary and non-monetary data into a common framework. They have also suggested operational and managerial guidelines for designing management control reports reflecting the critical variables at various levels of management. In this article, the 'nature of such variables has been analysed in some detail and illustrated, assumptions for designing effective management planning and control reports have been formulated, and a conceptual framework has been suggested.
Location of Indian Cement Industry
Authors: Gupta G.S. , Patel Kirit
Published: September 2016

The article examines four hypotheses about the location of the Indian cement industry: a) its location is not optimum, b) it is not evenly distributed throughout the country, c) it is becoming more and more dispersed over time, and d) recent changes are towards optimum location. These hypotheses are tested on the basis of various determinants of location and on two measures of location — location quotient and coefficient of localization. The findings endorse all the four hypotheses. In particular, the location coefficient has declined from 0.53 in 1960 to 0.46 in 1965. Madras and Bihar were the leading states in cement production in 1947, but in 1971 leading states were Madras, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and so on. This change seems to have been effected by market forces, such as profitability. The government could perhaps expedite this process through measures such as a suitable licencing policy and tax incentives.
From Economism to Democratic Commitment: The Role of Worker Participation
Authors: Mehta Prayag
Published: September 2016

This article reports relationship between work-related satisfaction and some important indicators of democratic commitment among the worker representatives on shop floor joint committees. Six measures—influence and autonomy, amenities at the work place, trust, job satisfaction, supervisory behaviour, and friendship on. work—were identified as measures of work-related satisfaction. Misanthropy, sense of political powerlessness, and sense of political normlessness were identified as indicators of low democratic commitment. The analysis revealed that supervisory behaviour and friendship on work are significant predictors of misanthropy, and influence and autonomy are the predictors of powerlessness and normlessness. The results have been examined in the context of programme of worker participation. The article suggests that participation is likely to produce a dent in misanthropy, powerlessness, and normlessness by increasing worker satisfaction with influence, autonomy, and interpersonal relations.
Energy Consumption in Rural Households and Biogas Plants: Tasks Ahead
Authors: Srivastava U.K. , Moulik T.K.
Published: September 2016

The recent upswing in the price of crude oil has prompted many nations to look into other sources of energy. The large number of cattle in this country makes it possible to consider biogas plants as an alternate energy source. The Fuel Policy Committee has recommended the popularization of biogas plants in rural areas.

In this paper, the authors have analysed policy options and problems faced by various agencies in the promotion, sales, and servicing of biogas plants. Primary data were collected by interviewing a selected sample of plant owners in Gujarat State. Discussions were also held with officials of the Gujarat Rajya Khadi Gramodyog Board and the Khadi Village Industries Commission, two of the agencies involved in the promotional work. After a detailed analysis of the data, the authors have recommended certain measures to improve sales and servicing facilities and to optimize returns.
Designing Optimal Management Structures and Control Systems for Commercial Banks: A Market Segmentation Approach*
Authors: Bhattacharyya S.K.
Published: September 2016

This article postulates that as commercial banks grow, their “products” have to be differentiated in terms of the distinctive market segments they wish to serve. This is necessary if they are to develop the required degree of specialization for providing effective and efficient customer service. A framework for introducing market segmentation approach in organizational structure and designing supportive management planning and control systems for commercial banks are suggested. The paper also enumerates criteria for segmentation in the operational context. The requirements of systems support for administering the recommended structure and the need for simultaneously integrating the differentiated segments are outlined. Finally, a sequence for introduction of market segmentation is recommended.
Socio–Psychological Interventions for Universalizing Education
Authors: Mehta Prayag
Published: September 2016

Though the constitution of India guarantees compulsory primary education, the task of educating millions of children remains unfinished. The large number of children who drop out before completing the full course has worsened the problem. The reasons for this phenomenal wastage in education are many as are the suggested cures. Without a clear perspective, the magnitude of the problem cannot be comprehended nor can suitable interventions be made. The author has made an indepth study of the literature on wastage and has pinpointed several causes. Two nonformal educational projects have been discussed in detail to evaluate their role in formal education. The author believes that education can be a useful and powerful tool in bringing about radical social transformation.
Turnaround Strategy: Lessons from HPF's Experience
Authors: Prahalad C.K. , Thomas P.S.
Published: September 2016

“Sickness” in Indian industry is currently a pervasive phenomenon, affecting several established industries and important sectors. Though the policymakers are aware of the magnitude of the problem, very little research has been done on why organizations get sick and how to revive them.

In this article the authors have presented some useful propositions on reviving or turning around sick units, citing Hindustan Photo Films (HPF) as an example. They are of the opinion that while the propositions have general validity, the manner of application may differ from organization to organization.
Management of Organizational Change: The BHEL Experience
Authors: Krishnamurthy V.
Published: September 2016

Taking Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) as an example, the author has stressed the need for organizations to change and adapt themselves to changing conditions, corporate objectives, and priorities. Without this, corporations' survival itself would be threatened and growth will be a far cry. The author feels that the process of continuous change and development is bound to create problems within organizations but insists that successful management of change implies the will and ability to anticipate problems, prepare for them, and deal with them realistically.
Growth of Factor Inputs and Total Factor Productivity in Indian Public Sector Enterprises
Authors: Dholakia Bakul H.
Published: September 2016

The public sector undertakings in India have come under heavy criticism for inefficient management and low profitability. In view of the importance these undertakings command in the Indian economy, the author has done a detailed study of the productivity and efficiency of factors of production, and has concluded that the undertakings have, on the whole, performed better than the economy.
The Chemistry of Effective Management
Authors: Khandwalla Pradlp N.
Published: September 2016

Different schools of management have emphasized particular orientations as being indispensable for high organizational performance. The data from the study of a sample of Canadian organizations suggest that this is only partially true. Synergic combinations of these orientations were more powerful predictors of organizational performance than individual orientations, and, indeed, wrong combinations of even such acclaimed orientations as scientific or technocratic management, risk-taking, and participative decision-making seemed to result in low organizational performance. The author feels that there is no need to impose one uniquely good management style on all organizations; rather, the style can be fashioned around the most deeply ingrained current orientation of its management, even when it is coercive or bureaucratic or anti-scientific, by nurturing orientations that have a positive synergy with the deeply ingrained orientation. The paper also discusses implications for organizational development and management education and training.
Portfolio Behaviour of Nigerian Commercial Banks: A Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Lambo E.
Published: September 2016

The asset portfolio behaviour of Nigerian commercial banks has changed as a result of the increasing number of banks and other financial intermediaries and the central bank's policies. The decomposition analysis of the data for the decade 1962-72 shows that changes in assets were almost independent of structural changes in liabilities. The central bank has also played an important role in bringing about these changes.
Mobilizing Rural Poor: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Moullk T.K.
Published: September 2016

Rural development programmes have been undertaken by the governments of developing countries not only to uplift the rural poor but also to introduce modern techniques or innovations for bringing about changes in desirable directions. One of the ingredients for the success of the programmes is the active association and willing cooperation of the rural people. How can this be achieved ? Two intervention techniques are discussed in depth: the harmony model and the conflict model. The latter model, the author concludes, has the potency in mobilizing people at grass roots for effective and active participation.
Preference of Housewives for Cooking Media
Authors: Seth Shanti
Published: September 2016

This study was made to find out the preferences of housewives for cooking media in a locality of Ahmedabad. Fifty housewives were interviewed and their preferences were measured on a six point scale. Nine products were selected as cooking media. From the factor loadings, four factors emerged significant: cost refinement, low fat content and fragrance.
Personality Trait Theory and Consumer Behaviour
Authors: Dholakia Ruby Roy
Published: September 2016

An empirical study was conducted to test the relevance of personality trait theory in the Indian context. The objective was to define the scope of personality trait theory for research and marketing strategy by overcoming the limitations of past studies. The findings indicated that differences in brand use could be explained by personality theory under certain conditions. Specifically/ the findings showed that brands which occupied different product positions attracted different personality types. These positions might be created by a combination of physical properties and socio-psychological attributes of the product.
Redesigning the Role of District Administration: From Regulating to Developing
Authors: Gaikwad V.R.
Published: September 2016

In recent years, district administration in India has been given greater responsibilities in welfare and development of the rural people. There was some meddling with the district administrative sub-system under various schemes and programmes. Even the introduction of panchayati raj has not changed the interrelation between various subsystems and the intrinsic nature of powers which the state has exercised over the citizens through its executive machinery at the district level and below.

This article examines the intrinsic meaning of regulatory functions and observes that, even under the “development administration,” mostly regulatory functions are performed by various welfare and development departments. Industrialization, which is a major instrument of social change, has not yet touched district administration. The author recommends decentralization of local selfgovernment and general development functions at the village level, and a shift from regulatory function to direct responsibility for production for improving the image of district administration.
Theory of Financial Intermediation: A Portfolio Approach
Authors: Gupta Ramesh
Published: September 2016

Repid growth of financial institutions in recent years has resulted in a need to provide a conceptual framework for explaining their portfolio behaviour. By and large, literature on the theory of financial intermediation has concentrated on either the asset side or the liability side of the balance sheet. In this study, an attempt is made to explain the behaviour of financial intermediaries by explicitly considering the dependence between securities bought and securities sold in terms of the portfolio theory using a preference function approach. The model presented in this article will provide a framework for further research.
Workers' Participation in BHEL: II
Authors: Datta G.D.
Published: September 2016

Research has shown that indifference and dissatisfaction in workplaces are on the ascent. Better conditions of work do very little to reduce the revolt against work; they also do not offer much opportunities for exercising initiatives. This has given birth to the concept of job redesign and work commitment to improve working environment. Tried out successfully in Italy and Sweden where the concept originated and took full shape, the concept has been successfully attempted at the Bhopal plant of Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited. This paper discusses salient features of the concept and details its application.