bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early histopathological changes of secondary degeneration in the spinal cord after total MCA territory stroke
Authors: Kollai Sarolta , Bereczki Dániel , Glasz Tibor , Hortobágyi Tibor , Kovács Tibor
Published: December 2023

Previous research has not demonstrated secondary degeneration of the spinal cord (SpC) motoneurons after cerebral infarct. The aim of the present study is to investigate the involvement of the anterior horn cells (AHC) in the early post-stroke period using histomorphological and immunohistochemical methods. Post-mortem analysis of the 6th cervical segment was performed in 7 patients who had total MCA stroke within 1 month before death. Nissl-stained sections were used for morphometry, while CD68 and synaptophysin (SYP) immunohistochemistry to monitor microglial activation and synaptic changes in the anterior horn (AH), respectively. Contralateral to the cerebral lesion (contralesional side), cells were smaller after 3 days and larger after 1 week of stroke, especially regarding the large alpha motoneurons. CD68 density increased mainly on the contralesional Rexed’s IX lamina of the SpC. SYP coverage of the large motoneurons was reduced on the contralesional side. Early microglial activation in the AH and electrophysiological signs has suggested the possibility of impairment of anterior horn cells (AHC-s). Our study supported that early microglial activation in the contralesional side of the SpC may primarily affect the area corresponding to the location of large motoneurons, and is accompanied by a transient shrinkage followed by increase in size of the large AHC-s with a reduction of their synaptic coverage. After MCA stroke, early involvement of the SpC motoneurons may be suspected by their morphological and synaptic changes and by the pattern of microglial activation.
Novel CO2-encapsulated Pluronic F127 hydrogel for the treatment of Achilles tendon injury
Authors: Yu Yi-Hsun , Lee Chen-Hung , Hsu Yung-Heng , Chou Ying-Chao , Hong Bo-Kui , Huang Chao-Tsai , Liu Shih-Jung
Published: December 2023

Nonsurgical treatment and surgical repairment of injured Achilles tendons seldom restore the wounded tendon to its original elasticity and stiffness. Therefore, we hypothesized that the surgically repaired Achilles tendon can achieve satisfactory regeneration by applying multi-drug encapsulated hydrogels. In this study, a novel bupivacaine-eluting carbon dioxide-encapsulated Pluronic F127 hydrogel (BC-hydrogel) was developed for the treatment of Achilles tendon injuries. The rheological properties of BC-hydrogel were measured. A high-performance liquid chromatography assay was used to assess the release characteristics of bupivacaine in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Furthermore, the effectiveness of BC-hydrogel in treating torn tendons was examined in a rat model, and histological analyses were conducted. Evidently, the degradable hydrogels continuously eluted bupivacaine for more than 14 days. The animal study results revealed that the BC-hydrogel improved the post-surgery mobility of the animals compared with pristine hydrogels. Histological assay results demonstrated a significant reaction to high vascular endothelial growth factor in the surrounding tissues and expression of collagen I within the repaired tendon. This demonstrates the potential of this novel BC-hydrogel as an effective treatment method for Achilles tendon injuries.
Fabrication of nanoscale T-shaped reentrant structures and its hydrophobic analysis
Authors: Li Zeping , Wan Qing , Wang Jiaqi , Wang Geng
Published: December 2023

The present work proposes a facile method for fabricating robust hydrophobic surfaces with T-shaped reentrant nanostructures based on nano-patterning approach. The prepared surface demonstrates regularly arrangement over a large area. The hydrophobic stability of the prepared surface was analyzed theoretically using the Gibbs free energy approach, followed by being investigated experimentally. Experimental results show that the T-shaped reentrant nanostructures can significantly improve the hydrophobic stability of the surface, which is in line with the theoretical predictions. The proposed preparation method for T-shaped reentrant nanostructures provides a cost-effective and convenient way to fabricate robust hydrophobic surfaces.
A deep learning model, NAFNet, predicts adverse pathology and recurrence in prostate cancer using MRIs
Authors: Gu Wei-jie , Liu Zheng , Yang Yun-jie , Zhang Xuan-zhi , Chen Liang-yu , Wan Fang-ning , Liu Xiao-hang , Chen Zhang-zhe , Kong Yun-yi , Dai Bo
Published: December 2023

We aimed to apply a potent deep learning network, NAFNet, to predict adverse pathology events and biochemical recurrence-free survival (bRFS) based on pre-treatment MRI imaging. 514 prostate cancer patients from six tertiary hospitals throughout China from 2017 and 2021 were included. A total of 367 patients from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center with whole-mount histopathology of radical prostatectomy specimens were assigned to the internal set, and cancer lesions were delineated with whole-mount pathology as the reference. The external test set included 147 patients with BCR data from five other institutes. The prediction model (NAFNet-classifier) and integrated nomogram (DL-nomogram) were constructed based on NAFNet. We then compared DL-nomogram with radiology score (PI-RADS), and clinical score (Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment score (CAPRA)). After training and validation in the internal set, ROC curves in the external test set showed that NAFNet-classifier alone outperformed ResNet50 in predicting adverse pathology. The DL-nomogram, including the NAFNet-classifier, clinical T stage and biopsy results, showed the highest AUC (0.915, 95% CI: 0.871–0.959) and accuracy (0.850) compared with the PI-RADS and CAPRA scores. Additionally, the DL-nomogram outperformed the CAPRA score with a higher C-index (0.732, P < 0.001) in predicting bRFS. Based on this newly-developed deep learning network, NAFNet, our DL-nomogram could accurately predict adverse pathology and poor prognosis, providing a potential AI tools in medical imaging risk stratification.
Atg7 senses ATP levels and regulates AKT1-PDCD4 phosphorylation-ubiquitination axis to promote survival during metabolic stress
Authors: Deng Chengsi , li Chunlu , Dong Xiang , Yu Yang , Guo Wendong , Guan Yi , Sun Xun , Cao Liu
Published: December 2023

We report that autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7) modulates p53 activity to regulate cell cycle and survival during metabolic stress, and that indicates Atg7 is functionally involved in cellular homeostasis in autophagy independent fashion. As a protein translation inhibitor, Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) expression is regulated by AKT1 phosphorylation. Here, we find that Atg7 interacts with PDCD4 and AKT1 to regulate AKT1-PDCD4 phosphorylation-ubiquitination axis during metabolic stress. We demonstrate that Atg7 senses decrease of ATP levels to suppress AKT-mediated PDCD4 phosphorylation at Ser67, which inhibits PDCD4 ubiquitinating during metabolic stress. Finally, PDCD4 accumulates and functions as a protein translation inhibitor to conserve energy, thus reducing apoptosis and allowing cells to survive stress periods. These results suggest that the ATP-Atg7-PDCD4 axis acts as a metabolic adaptation pathway which dictates cells to overcome metabolic stress.
Amorphous porous organic polymers containing main group elements
Authors: Zhang Zhikai , Liu Zhaoxin , Xue Cece , Chen Hongyi , Han Xue , Ren Yi
Published: December 2023

Amorphous porous organic polymers (aPOPs) are a type of highly crosslinked polymers. These polymers are generally constructed from rigid organic building blocks, which have become an important subclass of POPs with diverse applications. In the early stage of development, a wide range of carbon-based building blocks and network forming chemistry afforded a large library of aPOPs with rich structures and properties. Recently, implanting main group elements with diverse geometric structures and electronic configurations into aPOPs has proven to be a useful tool to fine-tune the structures and properties of these polymers. Herein, we outline the recent advances in the field of main group (MG)-aPOPs where main-group elements either played unique roles in tuning the structures and properties of MG-aPOPs, or offered new strategies in the synthesis of MG-aPOPs. Furthermore, this Review discusses various challenges remaining in the field from the perspectives of synthetic strategies and characterization techniques, and presents some specific studies that may potentially address the challenges.
Enhanced catalytic activity of N-heterocyclic carbene stabilized surface adatoms for CO reduction reaction
Authors: Gao Yuxiang , Tao Lei , Zhang Yu-Yang , Du Shixuan
Published: December 2023

Adatom engineering represents a highly promising opportunity for enhancing electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR). However, the aggregation of adatoms under typical reaction conditions often leads to a decline in catalyst activity. Recent studies have revealed that N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) can stabilize surface adatoms. Herein, based on density functional theory calculations, we reveal a significant enhancement in the catalytic activity of Cu adatoms decorated with NHC molecules for CORR. The NHC decoration strengthens the interaction between the dxy orbital of the Cu adatom and the px orbital of the C atom, reducing the energy barriers in both CO hydrogenation and C-C coupling steps. Moreover, the CORR catalytic activity of the NHC decorated adatom can be further improved by tuning the side groups of NHC molecules. These results provide insights for the design of efficient CORR catalysts and offer a theoretical framework that can be extended to other hydrogenation reactions.
Spatial redundancy transformer for self-supervised fluorescence image denoising
Authors: Li Xinyang , Hu Xiaowan , Chen Xingye , Fan Jiaqi , Zhao Zhifeng , Wu Jiamin , Wang Haoqian , Dai Qionghai
Published: December 2023

Fluorescence imaging with high signal-to-noise ratios has become the foundation of accurate visualization and analysis of biological phenomena. However, the inevitable noise poses a formidable challenge to imaging sensitivity. Here we provide the spatial redundancy denoising transformer (SRDTrans) to remove noise from fluorescence images in a self-supervised manner. First, a sampling strategy based on spatial redundancy is proposed to extract adjacent orthogonal training pairs, which eliminates the dependence on high imaging speed. Second, we designed a lightweight spatiotemporal transformer architecture to capture long-range dependencies and high-resolution features at low computational cost. SRDTrans can restore high-frequency information without producing oversmoothed structures and distorted fluorescence traces. Finally, we demonstrate the state-of-the-art denoising performance of SRDTrans on single-molecule localization microscopy and two-photon volumetric calcium imaging. SRDTrans does not contain any assumptions about the imaging process and the sample, thus can be easily extended to various imaging modalities and biological applications.
A bibliometric analysis of geographic disparities in the authorship of leading medical journals
Authors: Brück Oscar
Published: December 2023

Background

It has previously been reported that authors from developing countries are underrepresented in medical journals. Here, we aimed to build a comprehensive landscape of the geographical representation in medical research publications.

Methods

We collected bibliometric data of original research articles (n = 10,558) published between 2010 and 2019 in five leading medical journals and geolocated these by the institute of the corresponding authors. We introduced two simple metrics, the International Research Impact and the Domestic Self-Citation Index, to assess publishing and citing patterns by cities and countries.

Results

We show that only 32 countries published more than 10 publications in 10 years equaling 98.9% of all publications. English-speaking countries USA (48.2%), UK (15.9%), Canada (5.3%), and Australia (3.2%) are most represented, but with a declining trend in recent years. When normalized to citation count, 9/32 countries published ≥ 10% more than expected. In total, 85.7% of the publication excess originate from the USA and UK. We demonstrate similar geographical bias at the municipal level. Finally, we discover that journals more commonly publish studies from the country in which the journal is based and authors are more likely to cite work from their own country.

Conclusions

The study reveals Anglocentric dominance, domestic preference, but increased geographical representation in recent years in medical publishing. Similar audits could mitigate possible national and regional disparities in any academic field.
Organic solvent-free synthesis of calcium sulfate hemihydrate at room temperature
Authors: Reigl Selina , Van Driessche Alexander E. S. , Ullrich Timo , Koltzenburg Sebastian , Kunz Werner , Kellermeier Matthias
Published: December 2023

The rational choice of orthogonally operating crystallisation additives allows the important hydraulic binder bassanite to be synthesised from purely aqueous media at ambient conditions.
Self-organized formation of seven-rod bundle morphology for lanthanum Prussian blue analog microcrystals via a precipitation process
Authors: Shiba Fumiyuki , Nagata Ren , Okawa Yusuke
Published: December 2023

The unique morphology was spontaneously constructed during precipitation under acidic conditions without specific growth modifiers.
Exploring asymmetry induced entropy in tetraalkylammonium–urea DES systems: what can be learned from inelastic neutron scattering?
Authors: Araújo Catarina F. , Ribeiro-Claro Paulo , Vaz Pedro D. , Rudić Svemir , Serrano Rafael A. F. , Silva Liliana P. , Coutinho J. A. P. , Nolasco Mariela M.
Published: December 2023

Substituting a symmetric cation with an asymmetric one induces an entropy-driven pronounced melting point depression in an eutectic system which would otherwise behave ideally.
On the role of surfactants: rethinking “aqueous” chemistry
Authors: Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: December 2023

Some of the latest technological developments involving chemistry in water are discussed.
Lithographically defined encoded magnetic heterostructures for the targeted screening of kidney cancer
Authors: Leulmi Pichot Selma , Vemulkar Tarun , Verheyen Jeroen , Wallis Lauren , Jones James O. , Stewart Andrew P. , Welsh Sarah J. , Stewart Grant D. , Cowburn Russell P.
Published: December 2023

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the 7th commonest cancer in the UK and the most lethal urological malignancy; 50% of all RCC patients will die from the condition.
Experimental and theoretical evidence for unprecedented strong interactions of gold atoms with boron on boron/sulfur-doped carbon surfaces
Authors: Banerjee Samya , Wolny Juliusz A. , Danaie Mohsen , Barry Nicolas P. E. , Han Yisong , Amari Houari , Beanland Richard , Schünemann Volker , Sadler Peter J.
Published: December 2023

Single Au atoms and Au nanocrystals on doped graphitic surfaces generated by beam irradiation of micelle-encapsulated Au complexes in an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope, exhibit strong Au–B interactions.
Hydrothermal conversion of cerium oxalate to CeO2: a parade of oxalate and water coordination modes
Authors: Assi Navid , Lahoud Christophe , Brázda Petr , Zákutná Dominika , Rainer Daniel N. , Hraníček Jakub , Rohlíček Jan , Tyrpekl Václav
Published: December 2023

Hydrothemal conversion of lanthanide/actinide oxalate salts to nanocrystalline oxide has gained technological importance in the chemistry of f-elements.
Highly efficient and reusable polymeric nanofibers for cationic dye removal: isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamic study
Authors: Thamer Badr M. , Al-aizari Faiz A.
Published: December 2023

A water-resistant nanofibrous adsorbent based on polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylate was fabricated by electrospinning followed by heat treatment as a reusable and effective adsorbent for the removal of cationic methylene blue dye.
Top-ranked efficiency under indoor light of DSSCs enabled by iodide-based DES-like solvent electrolyte
Authors: Boldrini Chiara Liliana , Quivelli Andrea Francesca , Perna Filippo Maria , Biagini Paolo , Capriati Vito , Abbotto Alessandro , Manfredi Norberto
Published: December 2023

DSSCs based on a DES-like mixture containing choline iodide as main component have been tested, in combination with a properly hydrophobic dye, achieving top-ranked efficiency without any other iodide source under both outdoor and indoor conditions.
Numerical study of the effect of NH3 addition on CH4/air combustion characteristics under gas turbine operating conditions
Authors: Liu Dianlin , Zhang Yanfei , Li Qin , Huang Mingming , Liu Zhenxian , Zhang Haipeng
Published: December 2023

In this study, the effects of different NH3 additions on the laminar premix combustion characteristics of CH4/air flame were investigated, including laminar combustion velocity, ignition delay time, four important free radicals and NO emission.
Implementation of Image Enhancement and Edge Detection Algorithm on Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) Image Using FPGA
Authors: Orthy Mumtahina , Islam Sheikh Md. Rabiul , Rashid Faijah , Hasan Md. Asif
Published: December 2023

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an ocular ailment that may lead to loss of vision and eventual blindness among individuals diagnosed with diabetes. The blood vessels of the retina, a layer of light‐sensitive tissue located at the posterior aspect of the ocular globe, are adversely impacted. The identification of DR entails the utilization of retinal fundus images. The detection of any form of abnormality in the eye through raw fundus images poses a significant challenge for medical practitioners. Hence, it is imperative to engage in the processing of fundus images. This paper delineates several image processing techniques for DR images, including but not limited to, manipulation of brightness levels, application of negative transformation, and utilization of threshold operations. It focuses on elucidating the enhancement techniques that pertain to DR images, which aim to optimize the visual quality of said images in order to facilitate more facile disease detection. The process of detecting edges within DR images is also executed by Sobel edge detection algorithm. In order to successfully execute the aforementioned algorithms, expedient and contemporaneous systems are favored to account for the intricacies of the image processing calculations. The exclusive utilization of software techniques in order to fulfill the prerequisites of advanced algorithms presents a significant challenge, owing to the multifarious processes that are involved in their computation, coupled with an exigent requirement for high processing speeds. The proposed model is utilized to articulate a proficient model for the design and execution of field programable gate array (FPGA)‐based image enhancement processes along with the Sobel edge detection algorithm upon DR images. Finally, a Internet Protocol chip is developed that can combine multiple image enhancement operations into a single framework with less complexity.
A novel efficient estimator for three‐dimensional bearings‐only source localisation with unknown sensor altitude and systematic measurement errors
Authors: Hu Heng‐Yu , Luo Ji‐An , Peng Dong‐Liang
Published: December 2023

A novel two‐stage profile maximum likelihood estimator is proposed to estimate the source location and the systematic errors jointly, with the aim of addressing the problem of source localisation using angle‐only measurements from a single sensor with unknown sensor altitude and systematic measurement errors. The proposed two‐stage profile maximum likelihood estimator algorithm is capable of decoupling the azimuth and elevation angle measurements while transforming the original maximum likelihood optimisation problem into two sub‐problems, that is, two‐dimensional‐projected maximum likelihood estimator and relative altitude maximum likelihood estimator. In terms of the two‐dimensional‐projected maximum likelihood estimator, an algorithm combining pseudo‐linear estimating and Kalman filtering is proposed to generate an initial estimate. Subsequently, a Gauss–Newton iterative method is developed to estimate the two‐dimensional‐projected target location and the azimuth systematic error jointly. The relative height maximum likelihood estimator is initialised using a pseudo‐linear estimator. Next, a Gauss–Newton iterative algorithm is adopted to estimate the elevation systematic error and the relative height. As indicated by the result of the simulation studies, the proposed algorithm exhibits an estimation performance close to the Cramér–Rao lower bound with unknown sensor altitude and systematic measurement errors.
A Review on Location Based Efficient Road Toll Collection System using RFID and NPRS Techniques
Authors: Kodge B.G.
Published: December 2023

The road traffic controlling and road toll collections are became one of the challenging tasks in most of the developing and developed countries. The tollgate systems doesn’t account and verify from which particular place (source) the vehicle is started or joined that concern toll road and up to which particular point (destination) it reached/left/disjoined/used the road. If a toll road is of 60 KM length and a vehicle X started 05 KM away from its tollgate and another same category vehicle Y starts from 60 KM away will have to pay same charges. These existing systems are unable to tell which vehicles are using how much road services and accordingly how much should they pay for it. Therefore, specifically in Indian state highways are concern, road toll collection systems are not efficient and not justifying with the road pricing practices with vehicle owners. Due to these, most of the vehicle owners and passengers are facing numerous types of problems while travelling from one place to another place by road. To solve these issues, I tried to propose an efficient location based road toll collection system using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) and NPRS (Number Plate Recognition System) techniques in this paper. The proposed model will help to collect toll charges efficiently from all vehicle owners as per their road usage.
Examining Disruptions of Social Systems due to Large Dam Projects in the North East
Authors: Bomzon Semsang Dolma , Aditya Thangjam , Raj Varun D.
Published: December 2023

The vulnerability of the tribals to lose more than the commodity value of land due to large dam projects in the North East has not been given due attention both in policy space and empirical research. Also, the question of whether the living standards of the already displaced tribals have improved after dam construction has not been treated with rigour. The paper tries to disaggregate the social disruption effects of large dam construction along the lines of gender, religious identity and ethnic conflicts and question the conventional economics of resettlement. The study examines the claimed effects (and benefits) of large dams on tribal communities made in non-empirical papers and government documents using available real-world examples from the north-east. The study also validates the findings from the literature through a sentiment analysis of newspaper articles and a public opinion survey of dams in the north-east. This crossexamination is expected to serve as a foundation for further empirical research.
Leaders’ emotional outbursts, surface acting and emotional exhaustion: The moderating effect of co-worker emotional support
Authors: Pratap Avikshit , Dwivedi Rohit
Published: December 2023

Leaders often accompany negative feedback with emotional displays of anger and frustration during organizational crises. These emotional displays can have detrimental effects on the followers’ emotional well-being. Our study examines the effect of such emotional outbursts through the construct of follower-inferred negative intention. We examine the relation between follower-inferred negative emotion and emotional exhaustion through surface acting and whether co-worker emotional support moderates the relationships. Survey data was collected from 367 Indian employees, all of whom were essential workers during the COVID-19 crisis. The authors found that follower-inferred negative intention from the leader’s emotional outbursts increased the follower’s emotional exhaustion both directly and indirectly through surface acting. The association between surface acting and emotional exhaustion was weaker for increased values of co-worker emotional support. Integrating Emotion-As-Social-Influence and Conservation of Resource theories, the present study investigates the inferred and received intention by the followers from the leader’s emotional displays.
Adversity Quotient, Perceived Mental Health, And Role Stress of College Teachers
Authors: Kumari Kavita , Arora Rupali
Published: December 2023

This article aims to develop a fresh approach in resolving job related role stress. It begins by investigating why handling role stress has become such an important research topic and has been achieved by critical analysis of various literature. The focus is on exploring adversity quotient and perceived mental health as measures to reduce stress while performing the role on job. The association between respondents’ adversity quotient, which includes qualities (control, origin-ownership, reach, and endurance), and perceived mental health with work role stress are evaluated. Using a sample of 380 respondents and performing data analysis on smart PLS, it is revealed that there is a substantial moderate correlation among the exogenous and endogenous variables with R2 = 0.451. According to the findings of this study, Adversity Quotient, along with perceived mental health, has a significant impact on stress while performing job role. The article contributes by filling a gap in management and organization literature, in which role of adversity quotient and perceived mental health are studied in dearth.
Harvesting Sustainable Agriculture with Climate Finance: Review
Authors: Makkar Manpreet Kaur , Bhat Basit Ali , Gupta Nitin , Vaid Anuj
Published: December 2023

This study presents an in-depth analysis of climate finance within the agricultural sector and its pivotal role in fostering sustainability in agrarian economies. It investigates the availability, accessibility, challenges, and effective utilization of climate finance. Climate finance emerges as a critical resource for establishing funding mechanisms and incentives that support sustainable agricultural practices, bolstering resilience and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Secondary sources, including books, journals, articles, policy documents, and reports, provide the data for this research. The findings of this study underscore a vital revelation: private investors play a crucial role in augmenting climate finance, thereby facilitating the transition to sustainable agriculture. It is evident that their participation significantly enhances the financial support available to farmers and agricultural stakeholders. Furthermore, the study reveals that a combined effort from both government and private investors has yielded considerable progress in advancing climate finance investment within India’s agricultural sector. This collaborative approach has proven instrumental in addressing the challenges faced by those seeking climate finance in agriculture. It has effectively increased awareness, streamlined application processes, and strengthened institutional support, ultimately driving the adoption of sustainable practices. The implications of this research extend to policymakers, agricultural institutions, and financial organizations, highlighting the pivotal role of private investors in improving climate finance accessibility. The future scope of this research suggests that the effective utilization of climate finance has the potential to catalyse the widespread adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. The study emphasizes the importance of channelling climate finance through a variety of stakeholders to maximize its utility and make use of all available resources and instruments.
Semi-Automatic Child Rescuing BOT in Deep Borewell
Authors: Nithyaprakash R. , Shankar S. , Naveen Kumar R. , Praveen Kumar S. , Seenivasa R. , Naveen Prasath S.
Published: December 2023

Rescue operations for people trapped in deep borewells provide a serious problem needing both advanced robotic technology and human expertise. This abstract focuses on the creation of a revolutionary machine-human rescuing robot that is specifically designed to respond to emergencies in deep borewells. the complicated nature of deep borewell rescues, which includes technical challenges, time-sensitive situations, and the requirement for swift and accurate action. It draws attention to the drawbacks of conventional rescue techniques and promotes the creation of a flexible robotic system that can work in tandem with human rescuers. The suggested robot is built as a hybrid system that combines human control with autonomous functionality. To deliver real-time data and visual feedback from the borewell inside, it integrates specialized sensors, cameras, and communication tools. The borewell rescue robot’s, structural frame work consists of two cylindrical pipes fastened vertically with the help of T shaped square rod, these cylindrical pipes acts as a holding platform for children hands. Lower end of the pipes are provided with mechanical straps which in turn are actuated by BLCD motors with human rescuers is a crucial component of its functionality. Skilled operators can control the robot’s movements in real time thanks to remote operating interfaces and haptic feedback systems. The significance of the robot-human rescue team in deep borewell crises is emphasized in the abstract.
Studying stars from the deep underground: the luna experiment and the case of 13C(α,n)16O reaction
Authors: Csedreki László , Ciani Giovanni Francesco
Published: December 2023

Understanding the stellar evolution and the origin of chemical elements are the main goals of Nuclear Astrophysics. In the last century, many collaborations worked to develop experiments and accelerators to study in Earth laboratories the main nuclear processes taking place in stars at their relevant temperature. As an example, we present the measurement of the 13C(α,n)16O reaction performed by the LUNA collaboration.
Non-linear X-ray Science
Authors: Beye M. , Chergui M. , Masciovecchio C. , Svetina C.
Published: December 2023

The advent of the laser in the early 1960s represented a revolution in Optics and Spectroscopy that is still impacting our lives to this day. The availability of coherent and intense beams of laser light enabled the birth of non-linear optics as first demonstrated by the historic experiments in 1961 on second harmonic generation, and the first observation of two-photon absorption. The rapid discovery of diverse non-linear (NL) optical methods had a deep impact in Science that were recognised by Physics (1981, 2018) and Chemistry (1999) Nobel Prizes.
Robust convex optimization for reentry glide trajectory using polynomial chaos
Authors: YAN Xunliang , WANG Peichen , XIA Wenjie , WANG Kuan , YANG Chunwei
Published: December 2023

Aiming at the reentry glide trajectory design of hypersonic vehicles with uncertain parameters, a robust trajectory optimization method is proposed to enhance the anti-interference ability and process reliability. Firstly, a robust trajectory optimization model for re-entry gliding under uncertain conditions is constructed, which is transformed into a deterministic trajectory optimization problem with dimension expansion by using an uncertainty propagation algorithm based on the Gaussian quadrature and non-intrusive polynomial chaos. Then, the convex optimization technology is used to convexity and discretize the problem, and a deterministic trajectory optimization strategy based on the sequential convex optimization algorithm is designed to achieve a fast solution for the high-dimensional deterministic problem. Finally, the hypersonic glide reentry of the American X-33 is chosen as an example for the numerical simulation. The results show that comparing with the traditional deterministic trajectory optimization algorithm, the present method can effectively reduce the impact of random interference on the reentry glide trajectory and improve the reliability and robustness of the trajectory.
Fairness guarantee algorithm of high-density WLAN based on neural network and genetic algorithm
Authors: JIANG Yujin , YANG Qi , YANG Mao , LI Bo , YAN Zhongjiang
Published: December 2023

In order to meet the growing requirements of users for wireless services in various scenarios, highly densely deployed wireless local area network(WLAN) will be developed. However, due to the limited frequency resources, there must be a large number of wireless access points(APs) in the same channel. But APs which are located in the same channel will interfere with each other, resulting in a decline in the fairness of throughput in the network. And it can not provide users with good quality of service. In order to improve the fairness of throughput and experience of users, it is necessary to formulate the reasonable network parameter adjusting methods. A method based on neural network and genetic algorithm is proposed. The neural network is used to build the relationship between the parameters of WLAN and the fairness of throughput. The trained model is used as the fitness evaluation function of the genetic algorithm. And the genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimization parameter combination configuration to improve the fairness of throughput in WLAN. Simulation results show that the present algorithm can improve the fairness of throughput in the whole network.
Analysis on influence of self-fan cooling motor on fan aerodynamics
Authors: ZHU Lei , LIU Hanru , LI Linfeng , WANG Shiguang , ZHAO Yanchen , WANG Yangang
Published: December 2023

With the development of multi electric/all electric aircraft, the degree of aircraft secondary energy electrification is becoming higher and higher. As the core component of the electrical system, the motor presents the trend of small volume and high-power density. The heat dissipation problem of compact motor is becoming more and more serious. At present, the self-driven fan cooling system is widely used in aircraft motors. In this paper, the axial fan cooling system of an aero generator is taken as the research object, and the changes of fan flow field and aerodynamic characteristics in the fan motor coupling model of the isolated fan and the installed motor are analyzed by using three-dimensional computational fluid simulation. At the same time, the influence of the change of the axial distance between the fan and the motor on the aerodynamic performance is also studied. The analysis of the simulation results shows that the close coupling between the motor and the fan components greatly affects the flow structure in the fan, resulting in the distortion potential effect on the fan outlet section. The fan flow field appears the blade root reflux, the channel vortex in the blade and the expansion of the corner separation area. With the increase of the axial distance between the motor and the fan, the influence of the motor on the flow in the fan gradually approaches the flow blocking effect.
Damage mechanism analysis of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) spherical joint wind turbine plane tower
Authors: WEN Yang , XU Guangmao , LI Zhaojian
Published: December 2023

In order to investigate the failure modes and damage mechanism of the concrete filled steel tubular latticed planar wind turbine tower with split spherical joints under earthquakes, the low cyclic loading tests were carried out on the two plane towers with web wall thickness as parameters, and their hysteresis curves and skeleton curves were analyzed. At the same time, it is verified via ABAQUS finite element simulation, and based on this analysis, the parameter expansion analysis of the web diameter ratio was carried out. The results indicate that the failure characteristics of the tower include three types: weld tear failure, web member buckling failure and web member high-strength bolt pull-out failure; to increase the thickness of the web member can make the hysteresis curve of the tower fuller and the energy dissipation capacity stronger effectively. The ultimate bearing capacity and ductility coefficient of the tower are positively correlated with the diameter ratio of web members. When the diameter ratio of web members was greater than 0.13, the increase in ultimate bearing capacity and ductility coefficient reduced obviously. In order to maximize the overall mechanical performance of the tower and improve the economy, in practical engineering applications, the diameter ratio of the web member of such towers should be taken as the range of 0.11~0.13.
Depression: Niedrigschwellige Kardinalmaßnahmen als Basis
jeder Behandlung
Authors: Selalmazidou Anna-Maria , Bschor Tom
Published: December 2023

Eine patient*innengerechte Depressionsbehandlung sollte
grundsätzlich Kardinalmaßnahmen beinhalten – als
alleinige oder als ergänzende Therapie. Kardinalmaßnahmen sind
zugängliche und unkomplizierte Therapieelemente, die für jeden
Erkrankungsschweregrad und in allen Behandlungssettings geeignet sind. Sie
fördern die aktive Mitgestaltung der Therapie, stärken die
Eigenverantwortung und tragen zu einer höheren Erfolgsrate der
Depressionsbehandlung bei.
Der Schlaganfall in Neurologie und Psychiatrie
Authors: Sommer Claudia
Published: December 2023

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser

mit großer Freude präsentieren wir Ihnen das vorliegende Themenheft
„Neurovaskuläre Erkrankungen“, mit dem wir uns, entsprechend
der Zielsetzung unserer Zeitschrift, vor allem den neuropsychiatrischen Aspekten
dieser Erkrankungen widmen. Die vorgestellten Beiträge zeichnen ein
facettenreiches Bild dieser komplexen Thematik und bieten spannende Einblicke in
wegweisende Forschungsergebnisse. In Anbetracht der großen Fortschritte in
der Akuttherapie des Schlaganfalls und der immer noch lebhaften Diskussion um die
Optimierung von medikamentöser Thrombolyse und interventioneller
Thrombektomie werden andere Aspekte in der Literatur zuweilen
vernachlässigt. Auch die Sekundärprävention wird weiterhin
in Studien erforscht. Die Existenz von kognitiven und affektiven Folgen von
Schlaganfällen ist weitgehend bekannt, wie wichtig diese jedoch für
Lebensqualität und Prognose der Betroffenen sind, wird manchmal
übersehen. Dass eine zerebrale Mikroangiopathie, ob als Schlaganfallursache
oder koexistent zu einer Makroangiopathie den Verlauf beeinflusst, ist ebenfalls
Lehrbuchwissen, aber das Wissen zu deren Pathophysiologie, und insbesondere zu den
Initialstadien und Präventionsmöglichkeiten, muss verbessert werden.
Wir haben uns daher in diesem Heft das Ziel gesetzt, diesen Themen Raum zu geben und
haben kompetente Autorenteams für die jeweiligen Inhalte gewinnen
können.
Prävention der Post-Stroke-Depression
Authors: Simon Erik , Barlinn Kristian , Siepmann Timo
Published: December 2023

Die Post-Stroke-Depression (PSD) ist eine klinisch relevante nicht-motorische
Komplikation ischämischer und hämorrhagischer Hirninfarkte, die
etwa 30% aller Schlaganfallpatient:innen betrifft. Sie geht neben einer
Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität auch mit einer
Verzögerung der Rekonvaleszenz schlaganfallbezogener neurologischer und
funktioneller Defizite einher und vermag so, den Rehabilitationsverlauf
ungünstig zu beeinflussen. Durch geeignete Screeningverfahren kann die
PSD frühzeitig erkannt werden. Neben der zeitnahen Einleitung der
Behandlung einer manifestierten PSD kann insbesondere auch die Implementierung
effektiver Maßnahmen der Prävention zu einer Reduktion der mit
einer PSD vergesellschafteten medizinischen und sozioökonomischen
Belastungen führen. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst die aktuelle
Literatur zur medikamentösen und nichtmedikamentösen PSD
Prävention bei Schlaganfallpatient:innen zusammen.
Statelessness and (il)legitimacy in Al Bassam’s Petrol Station and Shakespeare’s King Lear
Authors: Abu Amrieh Yousef
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how Kuwaiti British playwright Sulayman Al Bassam’s Petrol Station (2017) draws on themes, tropes, and motifs from Shakespeare’s King Lear (1606) to dramatize the plight of stateless people worldwide. Al Bassam’s use of King Lear hinges on the fact that it is a play that depicts fraught family bonds against the backdrop of national concerns, a question that Petrol Station vividly dramatizes. First, both plays open with an old patriarch making an important decision. Although the two patriarchs propose that their decisions will ensure justice and integrity, ironically, the decision taken by each patriarch wreaks havoc, augments sibling rivalry, and eventually creates a chaotic situation that exacerbates divisions and frictions. Second, in both plays a patriarch has a legitimate son and an illegitimate one whose relationships are marred by continual conflicts and clashes. However, while in Shakespeare’s play, the illegitimate son is Machiavellian and malevolent, in Al Bassam’s play, the illegitimate son is helpless and even naïve. Furthermore, some characters in Al Bassam’s play can be viewed to have traces of Shakespeare’s characters, particularly the Fool, who critically comments on the course of actions. Finally, both plays end tragically with people committing suicide or being killed and carried to the stage. Overall, Al Bassam’s play draws our attention to the harsh conditions that stateless people, represented by the illegitimate son of the petrol station’s owner, endure daily. In this sense, Al Bassam’s play draws on Shakespeare’s representation of violence to depict how stateless people are subdued and oppressed.
Near-field thermal emission from metasurfaces constructed of SiC ellipsoidal particles
Authors: Walter Lindsay P. , McKay Joseph C. , Raeymaekers Bart , Francoeur Mathieu
Published: December 2023

We model near-field thermal emission from metasurfaces structured as two-dimensional arrays of ellipsoidal SiC particles. The modeling approach is developed from fluctuational electrodynamics and is applicable to systems of ellipsoidal particles within the dipole limit. In all simulations, the radial lengths of particles are restricted to the range of 10–100 nm, and interparticle spacing is constrained to at least three times the particle characteristic length. The orientation and dimensions of constituent ellipsoidal particles are varied to tune localized surface phonon resonances and control the near-field energy density above metasurfaces. Results show that particle orientation can be used to regulate the relative magnitude of resonances in the energy density, and particle dimensions may be changed to adjust the frequency of these resonances within the Reststrahlen band. Metasurfaces constructed from particles with randomized dimensions display comparatively broadband thermal emission rather than the three distinct resonances seen in metasurfaces made with ellipsoidal particles of equivalent dimensions. When the interparticle spacing in a metasurface exceeds about three times the particle characteristic length, the spectral energy density above the metasurface is dominated by individual particle self-interaction and can be approximated as a linear combination of single-particle spectra. When interparticle spacing is at the lower limit of three times the characteristic length, however, multiparticle interaction effects increase and the spectral energy density above a metasurface deviates from that of single particles. This work provides guidance for designing all-dielectric, particle-based metasurfaces with desired near-field thermal emission spectra, such as thermal switches.
Effect of filament length on the flow field of a rotationally oscillating cylinder with an attached filament
Authors: Sunil Puja , Kumar Sanjay , Poddar Kamal
Published: December 2023

Experimental studies are conducted to examine the effect of filament length on the flow field and forces in the flow past a rotationally oscillating cylinder with an attached filament. The diagnostics are flow visualization through planar laser-induced fluorescence technique and characterization of the velocity and vorticity field using planar particle image velocimetry measurements. The streamwise force is estimated through control volume analysis, using an improved expression, described in Sunil et al., J. Fluid Mech. 930, A3 (2022). With an increase in the filament length, the wake structure transitions from a Kármán wake to a reverse Bénard–Kármán wake and subsequently to an asymmetric wake. This happens at a Strouhal number of StA = 0.25 and 0.6, respectively. The transition from a Kármán wake to a reverse Kármán wake precedes the drag-to-thrust transition. Thrust generation is observed to be a function of both the cylinder forcing parameters and the filament length. Shorter filaments (L/D = 0.5 and 1) produce drag, whereas longer filaments (L/D = 2, 3, and 4) produce thrust at FR≥ 2.5. Normalized values of circulation scale well with the filament length, L, and the filament tip velocity, VTE, in the case of longer filaments. The effect of filament length on vortex dynamics and thrust generation is examined through a time evolution of the instantaneous vorticity, velocity, and kinetic energy data. Maximum momentum and kinetic energy content is observed in the flow field near the instants when the vortices are shed in the wake.
Deterministic creation of strained color centers in nanostructures via high-stress thin films
Authors: Assumpcao D. R. , Jin C. , Sutula M. , Ding S. W. , Pham P. , Knaut C. M. , Bhaskar M. K. , Panday A. , Day A. M. , Renaud D. , Lukin M. D. , Hu E. , Machielse B. , Loncar M.
Published: December 2023

Color centers have emerged as a leading qubit candidate for realizing hybrid spin-photon quantum information technology. One major limitation of the platform, however, is that the characteristics of individual color centers are often strain dependent. As an illustrative case, the silicon-vacancy center in diamond typically requires millikelvin temperatures in order to achieve long coherence properties, but strained silicon-vacancy centers have been shown to operate at temperatures beyond 1 K without phonon-mediated decoherence. In this work, we combine high-stress silicon-nitride thin films with diamond nanostructures to reproducibly create statically strained silicon-vacancy color centers (mean ground state splitting of 608 GHz) with strain magnitudes of ∼4×10−4. Based on modeling, this strain should be sufficient to allow for operation of a majority silicon-vacancy centers within the measured sample at elevated temperatures (1.5 K) without any degradation of their spin properties. This method offers a scalable approach to fabricate high-temperature operation quantum memories. Beyond silicon-vacancy centers, this method is sufficiently general that it can be easily extended to other platforms as well.