bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pongal’s Heritage: An Ayurvedic Perspective
Authors: Kanagaraj Vairamuthu , Venigalla Sridevi , Prasad Goli Penchala
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The Bharatavarsha is full of festivals that put humans into society through celebrations embedded with knowledge, celebrations ensure the attachment to nature and tradition, and the continuation of heritage. Pongal is one of the few celebrations in the festival year marked by the solar rather than the lunar calendar. It is celebrated as the symbol of expressing gratitude to nature, maintaining yogic harmony of self, ensuring the health of living beings, the prosperity of the country, and cherished tradition. Pongal unites and ensures human, animal, and environmental well-being, which are the components of One Health. Thus, the cultural heritage encapsulated in the Pongal festival, including the recipes, sports, and rituals, is explored with fundamentals of Ayurveda viz., ritucharya and sadvritta to showcase the medical significance of the Pongal festival and its alignment with One Health.
Impact of Obesity on Balance and Musculoskeletal Flexibility in Primary School Children
Authors: Sharma Ankita , Dhiman Sapna , Jha Niharika , Kundra Sanya
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:

Childhood obesity is a growing global health problem affecting children worldwide due to an increasingly sedentary lifestyle as children often prefer screen-based indoor activities over physical exercise. In addition, factors such as unhealthy dietary habits, and sleep deprivation, also contribute to weight gain and additional health complications. This study assessed physical impairments associated with obesity in primary school children, specifically flexibility and balance.

Materials and Methods:

A sample of 128 children aged 6–11 years were selected using non-probability convenience sampling. Height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were measured, and participants were divided into two groups: normal-weight (64 participants) and obese (64 participants). Balance was assessed using the pediatric balance scale (PBS) and the pediatric reach test (PRT). Musculoskeletal flexibility was evaluated by testing calf flexibility using the weight-bearing lunge test (WBLT), hamstring flexibility with the V sit and reach test (VSRT), and the active knee extension test.

Results:

Significant differences were found between the two groups in BMI, PBS, PRT, WBLT (right and left leg), VSRT, and active knee extension test (right and left leg), with P < 0.05. Obesity significantly impacts balance and musculoskeletal flexibility in primary school children.

Conclusion:

This study concludes that children with obesity exhibit impaired balance and reduced calf and hamstring flexibility.
Menstrual Hygiene in Adolescent Girls: Findings from a Survey in the Urban Government Schools, Visakhapatnam, India
Authors: Valluri Vandana , Attili Saivaishnavi , Chamarty Phani Krishna , Prabhanjana Tejaswi , Santosh Murali
Published: December 2024

Background:

Menstrual health management is influenced by social and cultural factors, as well as knowledge gaps. Poor hygiene practices can negatively affect academic performance and health outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

A survey was conducted among 1350 adolescent girls in urban public schools in Visakhapatnam, India.

Results:

The survey found positive progress in menstrual hygiene management, but some challenges remain. While 81.7% of girls reported having enough sanitary materials, only 66.1% had access to soap and water for hygiene purposes. Over half (52.4%) of the students struggled with menstrual pain, and 37.6% reported difficulty participating in school activities during their periods. Notably, 93.5% of the respondents were unaware of the human papillomavirus vaccine and its ability to prevent cervical cancer.

Conclusions:

This survey highlights progress in menstrual hygiene management in urban schools, and also identifies persistent knowledge gaps and access issues.
Kidney function assessment in wistar rats: The role of Dalium guineense and Annona muricata in modulating water balance, urinary biomarkers, and kidney histology
Authors: Ibezute Albert Chukwuemeka , Igiegie Oghenegueke Daniel
Published: December 2024

This study assessed the renal effects of Dialium guineense and Annona muricata extracts on female Wistar rats, exploring their potential roles in kidney health. Given limited research on these extracts’ impacts on kidney biomarkers and tissue structure, this study investigated water balance, renal biomarkers, and kidney histology after 30 days of treatment. Rats were divided into four groups: Dialium guineense (100 mg/kg), Annona muricata (100 mg/kg), a combination (50 mg/kg each), and a control. Following 30 days of exposure, water and urine output were measured, with urine samples analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively for protein, creatinine, and protein/creatinine ratios. Blood samples were collected, and kidney tissue was obtained following standard methods for histological examination. Results showed an increased urinary protein across all treated groups, with Dialium guineense showing the highest levels. Urinary creatinine levels decreased, especially in the Dialium guineense group, leading to elevated protein-creatinine ratios in both Dialium guineense and Annona muricata groups. Blood analysis showed slight but non-significant increases in uric acid and magnesium, a slight calcium increases in the Annona muricata group, and a significant sodium decrease in the combination treatment group. Histological examination revealed intact kidney structure, indicating no nephrotoxicity from the treatments. These findings suggest that, while the extracts affect specific renal biomarkers, they do not compromise kidney structure, supporting their potential as safe options in traditional medicine. Further studies are recommended to explore their long-term safety and mechanisms of action.
On the Coloniality of News Mobilities and How the World Knows About What Happens in Francophone Africa
Authors: Kouadio Lyn
Published: December 2024

The coloniality of the global news industry and its centrality in knowledge production about the Global South remains under-examined. This is especially true in the case of news production about Black Francophone Africa (by which I refer to sub-Saharan Francophone countries formerly colonised by France), which continues to receive limited attention in the academic study of politics in Africa. By posing the question, 'How do we know about what happens in Francophone Africa?' this paper sheds light on the coloniality of production and circulation of news deemed credible about Francophone Africa. It interrogates the implications for knowledge production about this space in African Studies and International Politics.
Study of the Efficiency of the Solar-Wind Hybrid Energy Generating System: Its Policy Assessment and Operations in Nigeria
Authors: Okokpujie Imhade P. , Tartibu Lagouge , Olujobi Olusola , Monye Stella I. , Monye Ngozi S. , Olarinde Elizabeta S.
Published: December 2024

The Nigerian government has promoted industrial development based on the area of policy implementation. The development of policy and the use of renewable energy in terms of solar and wind energy generation is very significant because of the role of generating energy from green sources in reducing environmental pollution. The aim is to study the efficiency of the solar-wind hybrid energy generating system and the policy assessment of its operations in Nigeria. This research is conducted via a rigorous literature review that cuts across the solar-wind hybrid renewable energy system, grid integration, and energy storage for solar and windmill systems. An alternative analysis is needed to develop energy sources from solar and Wind sources and to provide a strong policy for utilisation. After identifying the challenges, the study further discusses the challenges and future trends of solar-wind hybrid energy generating systems. Furthermore, to propose a solution, the study examined using the Benchmarking process for sustainable policy development for hybrid power generations via wind and solar. From the findings, the northern section has considerable potential, with a daily horizontal irradiation of 7kWh/m2, making it suitable for large-scale solar photovoltaic (PV). The wind speed varies accordingly, but it has a high wind speed of close to 9.5 m/s, which is also viable for energy generation. Therefore, this study will recommend that the Nigerian government relate with other manufacturing industries that are stakeholders in the energy sector to build a sustainable energy generation farm made of solar and wind energy in Northern Nigeria. These results will increase the development and growth of Nigeria's economy and improve the lives of the citizens.
Addressing Environmental Challenges through Fossil Fuel Energy Subsidy Reforms: A Legal Examination
Authors: Nyekwere Empire Hechime , Nnawulezi Uche , Muslim Omoleke , Ajayi Marry-Ann O. , Ole Ngozi Chinwa
Published: December 2024

Environmental challenges, which are evident in every part of the world, are happening more rapidly than ever and currently escalating. The threat, posed by our degrading environment, is principally triggered by our sustained use and production of fossil fuel energy. Yet, the fossil fuel energy industry continues to receive massive support in the form of subsidies every year which is worsening our environmental problems. Although, fossil fuel energy is widely considered to be environmentally harmful, recent estimates of global fossil fuel energy subsidies stand at hundreds of billions of dollars annually. The aim of this article is to address environmental challenges by redirecting societal choice towards environmentally beneficial energy resources through fossil fuel energy subsidies reforms. The article adopted the doctrinal research methodology and generated its data through international treaties, policy documents, textbooks, journal articles, manuscripts, monographs, and internet websites. The article finds that fossil fuel energy subsidies harm and creates environmental challenges including causing over-extraction of fossil fuel energy resources, causing local air pollution, providing significant market barriers to investment in renewable energy, and escalating climate change through increased emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). The article also finds that fossil fuel energy subsidies reforms benefits the environment by creating significant fossil fuel energy resource efficiency gains, generating revenue to finance investment in renewable energy, mitigating climate change through reduction in GHG emissions, and reducing local air pollution. The article concludes with a call on the international community to start addressing environmental challenges through fossil fuel energy subsidies reforms.
The Role of Digital and Scientific Technology in Complimenting Global Legal Framework Towards Clean Energy Transition
Authors: Aidonojie Paul Atagamen , Ikubanni Oluwaseye Oluwayomi , Adebayo Adesoji Kolawole , Olujobi Olusola Joshua , Mustafa Mundu M.
Published: December 2024

The global environment is endowed with several natural resources including energy sources such as biomass, hydro, and the potential for gas and oil production. However, the exploration of these energy sources is considered essential for economic development and growth global. However, harnessing and utilizing some of these energy sources such as biomass fuel products and fossil fuels are regarded as unfriendly to climate earth. This is concerning the fact that recent climate change and global warming are deemed to be associated with toxic chemical waste as a result of the exploration activities from harmful energy sources which often reduce the environment to a deplorable and vulnerable state. Hence, there is need for incorporating technology and scientific discoveries such as the metaverse concept, nanotechnology and biotechnology, towards clean energy transition. The study adopts a doctrinal method of study, the data obtained from primary and secondary sources were analysed through analytical and descriptive methods. The study found that, although fossil fuel, traditional biomass, thermal power, and nuclear power are essential for economic development and growth. However, they are considered a greater threat given their unfriendly nature to climate earth. Although there are global laws and agreements (such as Kyoto Protocol, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) concerning curtailing the use of harmful energy sources, there seems to be a high demand for these energy sources, thereby leading to severe climate change. The study further reveals that current technological and scientific discoveries such as metaverse concept, nanotechnology and biotechnology could aid in clean energy transition. The study therefore concludes and recommends that, given the harmful nature of conservative energy sources to climate earth, there is a need for a global shift toward promoting sustainable technology and scientific discoveries such as metaverse concept, nanotechnology and biotechnology toward a cleaner energy transition.
Interrogating the Impact of Federalism on Clean Energy Transition: A Comparative Study of Nigeria, the United States of America, and Australia
Authors: Anifowose Damilola Joseph , Ikubanni Oluwaseye Oluwayomi
Published: December 2024

The shift to clean energy sources from fossil fuels is critical and could be a challenge. However, this transition becomes even more complex in federal systems, where the interaction between the national and subnational governments creates unique challenges and also opportunities. This paper explored the dynamics of federalism in either facilitating or hindering the transition to clean energy. It focused on regulatory frameworks, policy approaches, and practical experiences in the USA and Australia. This paper also identified key challenges in this transition by looking at the case studies of the two countries. Additionally, this paper offered a comparative analysis with lessons and approaches that are particularly relevant to Nigeria and other federal nations, to achieve a sustainable clean energy transition. The research found that while federal structures present significant obstacles, they also provide opportunities for innovation and customized policy implementation toward a sustainable clean energy transition. Thus, the study recommended among others the need for a comprehensive national plan and advocates developing collaborative platforms for effective clean energy transition in Federal nations.
Contemporary Issues in Nigerian Law: Essays in Honour of Professor Elisabeta Smaranda Olarinde, FCAI, FCArb (Lawlexis International, Lagos, 2023)
Authors: Osondu-Oti Adaora , Olubiyi Ifeoluwa A. , Adeniran Afolalu Sunday , Olarinde-Olomola Omolola , Adeniran Abraham , Adesina Adetola
Published: December 2024

No Abstract.
An Examination of the Legal, Policy, and Institutional Framework for Promoting Renewable Energy Projects as Panaceas for Sustainable Development in Nigeria
Authors: Ogbodo-Nathaniel Peace Amayo , Olujobi Olusola Joshua , Monehin Vera Bidemi
Published: December 2024

Over the years, electricity shortage has been a persistent problem in the socioeconomic development of Nigeria. Although the country’s primary source of energy has been non-renewable energy sources such as natural gas, crude oil, coal and lignite, these sources have negatively impacted our climate, through pollution and greenhouse gas emissions among others. As the world is rapidly shifting from non-renewable fuel sources to renewable energy sources such as: hydropower; solar; biomass; geothermal; and wind which are environmentally friendly to combat climate change, and provide energy security. Nigeria should not be left behind in this global shift. This article seeks to examine the laws, policies and institutional frameworks that promotes renewable energy in Nigeria while identifying the critical challenges that hinders its implementation and discussing the significance of promoting renewable energy for sustainable development. The finding reveals that Nigeria is yet to maximize the benefits of renewable energy sources despite the numerous frameworks that Nigeria has due to barriers militating against its implementation such as absence of a cogent and specific legal framework on renewable energy. Adopting a doctrinal legal research methodology, the study made some recommendations among others, the enactment of a comprehensive, specific and coherent legal framework on renewable energy in Nigeria which is of utmost importance, as well as strengthening the existing policies to enhancing the capacity of energy regulatory bodies.
Biotechnology Regulatory Conundrum: Balancing Innovation and Oversight
Authors: Ojeih Chukwunye Augusta , Ogidan Olumide , Oluwajobi Yewande Fadeke , Adebayo Bamidele Olasehinde
Published: December 2024

The development and application of biotechnology in Nigeria have been significantly influenced by environmental factors, with the country's unique ecological context shaping the adoption and regulation of biotechnology. Nigeria's biodiversity hot spots, such as the Niger Delta and savannas, have driven the development of biotechnology solutions for the conversation and sustainable use of natural resources. Environmental concerns, including deforestation, soil degradation, and water pollution, have also spurred the adoption of biotechnology in areas like sustainable agriculture and bioremediation. Furthermore, the impact of climate change on Nigerian agriculture has led to increased investment in climate-resilient biotechnology research and development. As a result, Nigeria's burgeoning biotechnology sector faces a regulatory conundrum as the country strives to harness the technology's potential while ensuring public safety and environmental sustainability. In Nigeria, the National Biosafety Management Agency (NBMA), the National Environment Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), and the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) share regulatory oversight, but challenges persist. This paper examines the tension between innovation and oversight in Nigeria's biotechnology regulatory landscape, highlighting issues of institutional capacity, public engagement, and ethical considerations. A balanced approach is proposed, integrating stringent regulatory frameworks, robust public participation, and innovation-friendly policies to foster responsible biotechnology development in Nigeria. This paper employs an analytical and comparative approach, utilising the doctrinal legal research methodology, which involves scrutinising both primary and secondary sources to provide a comprehensive and insightful examination of the issue under consideration.
Challenges Militating against Indigenous Oil Companies Operating in Nigeria’s Upstream Petroleum Industry: Strategies and Panaceas for their Sustainability
Authors: Olujobi Olusola Joshua , Irumekhai Oshobugie Suleiman , Olujobi Oluwatosin Micheal , Aina-Pelemo Adetutu Deborah , Olipede Dare Ezekiel
Published: December 2024

This article examines the challenges faced by indigenous oil companies operating in Nigeria's upstream oil and gas sector. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the historical background, conceptual clarifications, and the legal framework applicable to these companies and offers recommendations for mitigating these challenges. The historical background highlights the introduction of marginal oil fields and local content policies as initiatives to encourage indigenous participation in the oil and gas industry. However, despite these efforts, indigenous oil companies continue to encounter significant hurdles such as paucity of funds, security risks, shortage of skilled personnel among others. This article adopts the doctrinal legal research methodology with consideration of both the primary and secondary sources of law. The legal framework analysis focuses on relevant statutes such as the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Development Act, 2010, the Petroleum Industry Act, 2021, the Companies and Allied Matters Act, 2020, the Companies Income Tax Act, 2007 and the Finance Act, 2023. The study examined some of the challenges faced by indigenous oil companies including limited access to financing, technological and technical expertise constraints, infrastructure deficiencies, and a lack of patronage from multinational oil corporations. The study found that these challenges hinder the ability of indigenous companies operating in Nigeria’s upstream oil and gas sector to invest in exploration and production activities. These challenges further reduce operational efficiency, and impede healthy competitiveness. In conclusion, as a contribution to knowledge, the study designs a hybrid strategy or panacea for promoting the sustainability of indigenous oil companies in Nigeria. The study recommends strengthening the implementation of existing legal frameworks, enhancing access to financing, investing in infrastructure development, encouraging collaboration and strategic partnerships between indigenous and multinational oil companies, and implementing market support and protection policies. Addressing these recommendations can help mitigate the challenges faced by indigenous oil companies, allowing them to contribute more effectively to Nigeria's economy, upstream sector and the overall growth of the oil and gas industry sustainability.
Assessment of Hydrogen and Bio-Fuel as Sustainable Alternative Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines and their Legal Structure in Nigeria
Authors: Okokpujie Imhade P.
Published: December 2024

The growing interest in sustainable alternative fuels for internal combustion engines (ICEs) results from rising concerns over ecological pollution and the depletion of fossil fuel stocks. The study aimed to assess hydrogen and biofuel as sustainable alternative fuels for the internal combustion engine and its legal structure in Nigeria. The study cut across a thorough literature review to compile pertinent information on these alternative fuels' characteristics and manufacturing processes, such as Hydrogen and Acetylene as a sustainable alternative fuel for internal combustion engines, Natural gas as an alternative fuel, and Ethanol as a Fuel for Internal Combustion Engine; Biogas as a sustainable alternative for internal combustion engines. Furthermore, the study discusses the challenges and ways forward for hydrogen, Acetylene, natural gas, Ethanol, and biofuel to be employed as alternative fuels. Also, the study looked into the legal structure of hydrogen and biofuel as alternative fuels for internal combustion engines in Nigeria. The results from the study show that hydrogen and biofuel are suitable replacements for fossil fuels. However, the stakeholders in Nigeria need to develop a robust legal structure for its operations and utilisation in Nigeria. The study concluded by making sustainable suggestions for utilising multi-criteria decision analysis for the stakeholders to successfully develop the legal structure that will also ascertain the quality of alternative fuels produced from hydrogen and biofuel.
Phytochemical and antibacterial studies of the aerial parts of Euphorbia convolvuloides extracts
Authors: Kwazo Hadiza Adamu , Faruq Umar Zaki , Hassan Lawal Gusau , Sadiq Masud Enaji , Salihu Mustapha , Rabah Abdullahi Bako
Published: December 2024

The growing resistance of anti-microbial agents to current antibiotics gives emphasis to the urgency of seeking new antimicrobial alternatives, especially from natural sources. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical and antibacterial efficacy of n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, methanol and water fractions derived from aerial parts of Euphorbia convolvuloides with a view to identify the most active fraction from the plant and to determine the reliability of the use of the plant in ethno-medicine. Phytochemical screening was conducted using standard procedures and the antibacterial property of the plant extract was assessed against the test isolates using agar well diffusion and broth dilution methods. The results of the phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, anthraquinones, diterpenoids, steroids and cardiac glycosides. The n-butanol fraction exhibited good activity against E. coli (30 mg/cm³) and methanol against S. aureus (22 mg/cm³), E. coli (21 mg/cm³), S. typhi (19 mg/cm³), and P. aeruginosa (17 mg/cm³) while ofloxacin (5µg) was used as standard. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the n-hexane, n-butanol and methanol fraction were 3.13-100 mg/cm³ and 12.50-100 mg/cm³ respectively against the tested organisms. Methanol fraction possessed the most significant antibacterial activity among the fractions tested against the pathogens.
Histopathological evaluation of toxic effect of oral administration of African black soap (Sabulun salo) on the kidney of Albino rats
Authors: Mohammed O.M. , Abubakar U.
Published: December 2024

African traditional black soap (Sabulun salo) is commonly used in many local settings in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to determine the histopathological evaluation of toxic effect of oral administration of the African traditional black soap (Sabulun salo) on the kidney of Albino rats. The albino rats were divided into four groups of five per test groups and a control group. The test groups (AC, BC and FC) were administered with the different concentration (2000mg/kg, 3000mg/kg and 4000mg/kg) of African traditional black soap (Sabulun salo) for the period of two weeks respectively. The control group received normal saline. At end of the intervention, the animals were sacrificed, and the kidneys were processed for paraffin embedding. The blood samples were collected for biochemical and haematological analysis. The kidney presented a normal histo-morphology across all the groups. The haematological and biochemical analysis showed some significant changes in the entire groups. There was a reduction in water and food consumption as the concentrations increased. There was a significant increase in white blood cell, haemoglobin and packed cell volume in the entire groups except in group FC when compared to the control. There were haphazard changes in the blood biochemical parameters. The results of this research have shown that the African traditional black soap (Sabulun salo) is histologically non-toxic to the kidney of the albino rats exposed.
Haematological and body weight changes in Wistar rats following exposure to cement dust
Authors: Ehi-Omosun Mabel Bilu , Iyawe Vincent I. , Sakpa Christopher L.
Published: December 2024

Cement dust is an atmospheric pollutant which poses a significant threat to the environment and humans (Akinola et al., 2018). This study investigated the haematological and body weight changes in Wistar rats following exposure to cement dust. Twenty-four (24) Wistar rats weighing between 250 g and 280 g were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats per group. Group A rats were placed in a cement dust-free chamber while Group B - D rats were exposed to various concentrations of cement dust dispersed from 5 g, 10 g, and 20 g of cement, respectively. The weights of the animals in each group were taken and recorded weekly and the difference between them and previous weights were noted. At the end of 30th day of exposure, the animals were weighed and euthanized under chloroform anaesthesia. Blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture into EDTA anticoagulated tube for haematological analysis. Findings of the study for body weight showed that cement dust caused significant decrease in body weights of the exposed rats across all the groups. Cement dust also decreased some haematological parameters such as lymphocytes and basophils, haemoglobin and haematocrit, red blood cells and other red cell indices with associated reticulocytosis. These deranged haematological parameters may lead to anaemia and increased susceptibility to infections. The decreased haematological parameters are consistent with usual haematological findings in anaemia. It was concluded that exposure to cement dust caused body weight loss and haematological derangements in rats which are capable of compromising haematological function and could ultimately lead to mortality.
Evaluation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, interleukin-8 and malondialdehyde among patients with cardiovascular diseases in Ibadan, Oyo State.
Authors: Moronkeji A.I. , Olaniyan M.F.
Published: December 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with various risk factors contributing to their development and progression. Among these risk factors, oxidative stress and inflammation play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of CVDs. This study evaluated the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and malondialdehyde (MDA) among cardiac patients and explored their potential as biomarkers for cardiac conditions. This case-control study enrolled 121 cardiac patients from the Cardiology Unit of University College Hospital and controls from Ibadan metropolis. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and blood samples were obtained to measure serum levels of 8-OHdG, IL-8, and MDA using ELISA techniques. Correlations between biomarker levels were analyzed using student t-test. Patients with CVD conditions exhibited markedly higher mean values for 8-OHdG, IL-8, and MDA compared with healthy controls. In this study, the Control group showed mean values of 0.09 ng/ml ± 0.01 for 8-OHdG, 55.50 pg/ml ± 2.06 for IL-8, and 1.21 ng/ml ± 0.10 for MDA, while the CVD patients group exhibited markedly higher mean values for 8-OHdG (0.416 ng/ml ± 0.11), IL-8 (100.84 pg/ml ± 4.91), and MDA (2.64 ng/ml ± 0.11) with p-values 8-OHdG (P=0.0021), IL-8 (P=0.001) and MDA (P=0.001) in CVD patients compared to healthy controls, indicating heightened oxidative stress and inflammation in the test group. The strong positive correlations observed among the three biomarkers suggest shared underlying mechanisms in the development of CVDs. These findings underscore the potential of these biomarkers as diagnostic or prognostic tools for cardiovascular diseases, offering insights into early detection, risk stratification, and treatment monitoring to improve patient outcomes.
Incidence of cervical cancer among women in Edo North, Nigeria.
Authors: Momodu Amina , Ohenhen Johnsolomon Eghosa , Avwioro Godwin , Muhibi Musa Abidemi , Umeboro Puritan , Asibor Ernest , Momodu Kawthar , Iyiola Sina
Published: December 2024

Cervical cancer, linked to certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) remains a global health concern. This study investigated the incidence of cervical cancer among women in Edo North, Nigeria. A cross-sectional analytical study design was utilized for this research. Cervical specimens were obtained from 113 women and smears made for Papanicolaou staining technique. Polymerase chain reaction for HPV-DNA detection was further performed on the positive samples. Of the 113 participants, 98.2% (111) had normal cytology, while 1.8% (2) revealed HSIL, both abnormal cytology cases also tested positive for HPV-16. The age range was 46 to 55 years. These findings show incidence rate of cervical cancer development, therefore, the importance of comprehensive prevention strategies.
Comparative analysis of ferritin levels and liver enzyme activity in liver disease patients within Benin City
Authors: Inegbenehi Ebehitale Comfort , Adejumo Babatunde Ishola Gabriel , Oke Moses Ojo , Oyakhire Fidelis Ohiremen , Odionyenma Uche Cletus , Abdulkadir Usman Itakure
Published: December 2024

Liver disease encompasses a spectrum of hepatic pathologies, ranging from minor disturbances in liver function to severe conditions such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to assess the serum concentrations of ferritin and liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) in patients diagnosed with liver disease in Benin City, Edo State. A cohort of eighty-eight (88) individuals, consisting of forty-four (44) subjects diagnosed with various forms of liver disease and forty-four (44) healthy controls devoid of liver pathology history, were recruited. Blood samples were collected via standard venipuncture technique, and subsequent analysis included measurement of ferritin levels using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and determination of AST and ALT activities via colorimetric method. Predominantly, male participants accounted for 52.3% of the cohort, with females comprising 47.7%. Elevated levels of AST and ALT were evident in liver disease patients compared to controls, whereas ferritin levels displayed no significant disparity between the control group (112.24±11.92) and liver disease patients (100.03±19.00) (p>0.05). The findings underscore heightened levels of ALT and AST in individuals afflicted with liver disease compared to healthy controls, thus emphasizing the potential utility of these biomarkers in liver disease diagnosis and management.
Immunomodulatory activity of methanolic extract of Carica papaya leaf on biochemical markers and serum level of IL-1β in breast cancer-induced Wistar Rats
Authors: Alhassan Hussaini Mohammed , Galadima Sulaiman Aisha , Isiyaku Abdullahi , Aliyu Usman Malami , Bunza Zafaru Muhammad , Abdullahi Hamisu , Bello Mariya
Published: December 2024

The most frequent malignant tumor in women worldwide is breast cancer. Up to 36% of oncological patients are breast cancer patients. In 2020, an estimated 2.089 million women received a breast cancer diagnosis and 685,000 deaths globally. The treatment options that are currently available for breast cancer are not only expensive but are associated with severe side effects. This study was designed to investigate the effect of C. papaya on biochemical and serum level of IL-1β in DMBA-induced breast cancer in Wistar Rats. A total of 35 rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into seven (7) groups of five (5) rats each. They were induced with 30mg/kg body weight of DMBA and observed for 14 days for signs of breast cancer development, and this was confirmed by the presence of lump in the breast and also by measuring the size of the lump. The experimental groupings are: Group I: Normal Control, Group II: Positive Control (Induced with cancer but no treatment), Group III: Negative Control (Cancer + doxorubicin), Group IV, V, and VI represent breast cancer rats treated with leaf extract of Carica papaya (300mg, 600mg, and 1200mg respectively). Group VII represents cancerous rats, treated with 30mg of doxorubicin and 600mg of Carica papaya. This treatment was conducted in 14 days. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for laboratory analysis, using standard techniques. The results indicated a statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in serum level of IL-1β in all treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. Moreso, it was demonstrated that C. papaya does not increase liver enzymes and also have protective effect on the kidneys. It could be concluded that C. papaya possesses immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties and could be used in the management of breast cancer.
Effects of aqueous rhizome extract of Zingiber officinale on arsenic trioxide-induced kidney damage in adult Wistar rats
Authors: Imafidon E. , Ofojebe C.S.
Published: December 2024

The kidneys are crucial for eliminating toxins, but exposure to substances like arsenic can damage them. Arsenic trioxide, used in cancer treatment, is nephrotoxic. With few kidney-protective drugs available, interest has grown in plant-based alternatives. Zingiber officinale (Ginger), known for its antioxidants, is one such plant. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ginger against arsenic trioxide-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. Thirty (30) adult Wistar rats (n=5) were randomly assigned into six groups (A-F). Group A served as control; Group B - 10 mg/kg As2O3 only; Group C - 190 mg/kg body weight of Zingiber officinale stem extract and 10 mg/kg As2O3; Group D - 380 mg/kg body weight of Zingiber officinale stem extract and 10 mg/kg As2O3; Group E - 50 mg/kg body weight of standard drug (silymarin) and 10 mg/kg As2O3. Group F - 380 mg/kg body weight of Zingiber officinale stem extract. The administration lasted 28 days, given orally via an orogastric tube. Afterward, the animals were anesthetized, sacrificed, and samples were taken for oxidative stress, kidney function assessments, and histological evaluation. Findings showed significant changes (p<0.05) in the arsenic trioxide-only group, including decreased SOD and GSH levels, increased MDA levels, and elevated levels of potassium, sodium, urea, and creatinine, indicating renal dysfunction. Histological analysis showed severe kidney damage evidenced by vascular stenosis, tubular necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltrates. However, pre-treatment with Zingiber officinale protected against these effects, leading to increased (p<0.05) SOD and GSH levels, decreased (p<0.05) MDA levels, and improved histological findings with relatively normal kidney architecture.In conclusion, these findings suggest that Zingiber officinale possesses a protective effect against arsenic trioxide-induced nephrotoxicity, possibly through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and reno-protective properties.
Sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of otitis media among children under five years of age attending selected primary healthcare facilities in Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Umoh Nse O. , Eyo Aniekan , Udonkang Mfoniso , Bebia Glory , Mbah Justin , Akpan Samuel
Published: December 2024

Otitis media (OM) is the second most common disease of early childhood and an important cause of preventable hearing loss, poor intellectual performance and language development in children. This study investigated the microbial etiology, socio-demographic variables, and prevalence of otitis media among children under 5 years of age attending selected primary healthcare facilities in Calabar, Nigeria. Following administration of a structured questionnaire, ear swabs were collected from a total of 60 participants and processed using standard microbiological methods for isolation and identification of pathogens. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out on bacterial isolates using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The prevalence of OM was 63.3%, with Staphylococcus aureus (76.3%) as the predominant pathogen, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.8%), Escherichia coli (5.3%) and Candida albicans (2.6%). A higher prevalence of infection was found among male subjects (65.4%) than the females (61.8%). Subjects aged 2-3 years had the highest prevalence of infection (71.4%), followed by those aged <2 years old (69.1%), while those aged 4-5 years had the least (30%). The prevalence of the disease was significantly associated with the subjects' exposure to dusty environments (P=0.042), attendance of crèche/daycare facilities (P=0.047), and symptom of ear discharge (P=0.038). The high susceptibility of the bacterial isolates to meropenem, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin in this study may underscore the drugs' value as antibiotics of choice for prompt treatment of OM in the population. Due diligence for care and protection of children from overcrowding, dust and poor hygienic conditions often associated with substandard daycare centers would likely reduce the burden of OM in the population.
Implications of screening blood donors for selected transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs): Compromise in blood safety?
Authors: Igbe Mba Ikwoegbu , Adepoju Emmanuel-Funsho , Amarachi Babajimi-Joseph , Elujoba Samson , Ibrahim Adamu , Musa Muhibi A.
Published: December 2024

Blood transfusion is a life-saving medical procedure used to replenish blood loss or treat blood disorders. However, the potential transmission of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) poses a significant risk to recipients. Screening donated blood for TTIs is a cornerstone of ensuring blood safety. This article explores the implications of screening for selected TTIs, examining the potential for compromise in blood safety. It analyzes the benefits of comprehensive screening against the challenges of resource limitations, test limitations, and the ethical considerations of donor deferral. The article also discusses emerging TTIs and the evolving landscape of blood screening practices. Finally, it proposes strategies to optimize blood safety while navigating the complexities of selective screening.
Histomorphololgical assessment of the alcoholic extract of Saccharum officinarum bark as a primary stain
Authors: Mohammed O.M. , Alhassan M. , Muhammad A.T. , Mohammed I. , Abubakar U. , Salihu A. , Umar A. , Bello M. , Isah A.Y.
Published: December 2024

Saccharum officinarum (Sugarcane) refers to several species and hybrids of tall perennial grass in the genus Saccharum, tribe Andropogoneae and belong to the grass family. It is consumed directly in confectionery, used to sweeten beverages, as a preservative, as a decorative finish for cakes and as a raw material in the food industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histomorphological assessment of the alcoholic extract of the Saccharum officinarum bark as a primary stain. The Saccharum officinarum barks were dried in shade for 1 week. The dried stalk was grinded into powder with pestle and mortar. The various alcoholic concentrations 5%, 10% and 15% with different mordant (potassium alum and ferric chloride) were constituted and used to stain liver and kidney sections. Five percent (5%) alcoholic extract of Saccharum officinarum bark mordanted with potassium alum stained the liver and kidney tissue section in the shade of pale pinkish and pale red while 10% and 15% of alcoholic extract of Saccharum officinarum bark mordanted with ferric chloride as a mordant stained the tissues pale red, with excellent and well-preserved tissue constituents. In conclusion, the data obtained from the present study suggest that the alcoholic extract of Saccharum officinarum bark can be used as a substitute for haematoxylin due to its domestic availability.
Recovering Phosphorus and Nitrogen from Leachate Collected from Chidaya Sanitary Landfill Dodoma Tanzania for Fertilizer Production
Authors: Kifwe Yasin Y. , Shao Godlisten N. , Washa Washa B. , Pius Christina F.
Published: December 2024

The demand for fertilizer is a global issue that poses a significant threat to future food security. Tanzania is among the countries which rely on agriculture for food production and contribute largely to the economy of the nation. However, farmers incur high production costs due to the utilization of expensive and environmentally insecure fertilizers. The present study investigated the potential of recovering nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients from leachate to produce fertilizer. Hanna pH meter (HI-98121) was used to determine the pH of leachate which was found to be 8.29 ± 0.33. The concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen was determined by using DR 4000 spectrophotometer and was found to be 305.24 ± 16.20 and 189.80 ± 0.165mg/L, respectively. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used in the determination of magnesium (13.13 ± 0.22 mg/L), potassium (3377 ± 123.4 mg/L), calcium (336 ± 3.65mg/L) and sodium (1270.6 ± 156.90 mg/L). The recovery of the nutrients was done through struvite precipitation, in which 74.01% of phosphorus and 57.27% of nitrogen were recovered under an optimal pH of 9.0 and magnesium-phosphorus molar ratio of 5:1. XRD patterns were analyzed by XRD Rietveld reﬁnement method, for phase quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results show that the precipitates formed were struvite and hydroxyapatite. The elemental composition of struvite was examined by using XRF in which plant nutrients including K, P, Mg, Na and Ca were identified. Production of fertilizer is feasible by using leachate from landfills, thus, to reduce the cost of production, alternative sources of magnesium from locally available materials should be explored.
Stellar Properties from a self-consistent Analysis
Authors: Privatus Pius , Kanaka Rao Pulapa V , Pappalardo Cirino
Published: December 2024

Galaxies’ spectral energy distribution (SED) has been explored through the use of spectral synthesis codes. Most of the codes so far are solely stellar and assume a negligible nebular contribution. Fitting Analysis using Differential Evolution Optimisation (FADO) is the first spectral synthesis tool to consider the nebular contribution. The study examines how the primary stellar attributes are affected when FADO is applied to the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics and Johns Hopkins University (MPA-JHU) data, namely the star-formation rate, metallicity, and stellar mass. The findings show that nebular emission results in the change of the slope of the equation of "the main sequence by 0.04 dex ", and " the vertical intercept by 0.3 dex ", and underestimates gas-phase metallicity of star-forming galaxies by 0.013.
Carbon and Biodiversity Co-benefits in Tropical Forest and Agroforestry Ecosystems: A review
Authors: Mwambala Anna N
Published: December 2024

Global efforts to mitigate climate change are focused on the protection and restoration of forest carbon. These efforts do not only hold promise for climate protection but also other benefits including conservation of biodiversity, the majority of which is sheltered in the forest. These include actions to combat climate change and land degradation and actions to halt biodiversity loss through sustainable forest management. However, the challenge remains as to what extent forest conservation that optimizes carbon storage will conserve biodiversity. Understanding synergies between climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation could be the basis for attaining sustainable development goals. Library catalogues and public database for studies that included carbon stock and biodiversity co-benefits/relationships in tropical forests were searched and included in a review. This review reveals that forest conservation for carbon is showing promising results for biodiversity in undisturbed/relatively disturbed tropical forest ecosystems. However, some areas with high biodiversity but low carbon may not benefit from carbon-based conservation. Given the tropical ecosystem dynamics, it is important to generate more data based on a specific ecosystem to ascertain the level of this co-benefit. This review forms the basis for considering biodiversity conservation in carbon-based conservation planning.
Inhibitory Activities of Phytoconstituents from Azadirachta indica and Murraya koenigii as Potential Drugs for Secondary Infection of Atopic Eczema Disease - In silico study
Authors: Gurisha Mikidadi S. , Kanaka Rao Pulapa V. , Cherupally Laxmikanth
Published: December 2024

Atopic Eczema (AE) disease is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that is caused by a person’s inability to repair damage to the skin barrier. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a virulent pathogen that plays an important role in the progression of secondary infection in AE patients, thus intensifying the disease's virulence. In this study, the inhibitory activities of phytoconstituents from Azadirachta indica and Murraya koenigii against the SA (Protein Data Bank ID: 7TIO) using an in silico approach are presented. Site-specific docking analysis was carried out on the virulent pathogen with the docking center at X: 1.65044, Y: 1.7980, Z: 3.1878, for a box of dimension X: 64.2332, Y: 40.2828, Z: 41.8202. The natural compounds were chosen based on their absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity characteristics, as well as other drug-like characteristics computed in Swiss ADME and pkCSM software. Four compounds, Gedunin (-7.2 kCal/mol), Curryanine (-7.1 kCal/mol), Mahanimbinine (-6.6 kCal/mol) and Mahanine (-6.5 kCal/mol) with good inhibition for the S. aureus pathogen were discovered to exhibit better docking scores compared to Prednisone (-6.1 kcal/mol) (control drug). The studied Phytoconstituents of A. indica and M. koennigii thus can be used as inhibitors of SA pathogen (7TIO) in the fight against AE disease.
Phytoconstituents; Staphylococcus aureus; Atopic Eczema; Azadirachta indica; Murraya koennigii.