bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining damage and fracture mechanics to model calving
Authors: Krug J. , Weiss J. , Gagliardini O. , Durand G.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. Calving of icebergs is a major negative component of polar ice-sheet mass balance. We present a new calving modeling framework relying on both continuum damage mechanics and linear elastic fracture mechanics. This combination accounts for both the slow sub-critical surface crevassing and fast propagation of crevasses when calving occurs. First, damage of the ice occurs over long timescales and enhances the viscous flow of ice. Then brittle fracture propagation happens downward, over very short timescales, in ice considered as an elastic medium. The model is validated on Helheim Glacier, South-West Greenland, one of the most monitored fast-flowing outlet glacier. This allows to identify sets of model parameters giving a consistent response of the model and producing a dynamic equilibrium in agreement with observed stable position of the Helheim ice front between 1930 and today.
Red (Eu3+), Green (Tb3+) and Ultraviolet (Gd3+) Emitting Nitrilotriacetate Complexes Prepared by One-step Synthesis
Authors: Silva Ivan G. N. , Brito Hermi F. , Souza Ernesto R. , Mustafa Danilo , Felinto Maria C. F. C. , Carlos Luis D. , Malta Oscar L.
Published: February 2014

The [RE(NTA)(H2O)2]⋅(H2O) rare-earth complexes (RE3+: Eu, Gd, Tb and NTA: nitrilotriacetate) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. The complexes show high crystallinity and thermostability. The photoluminescence behavior was studied based on the excitation and emission spectra, and luminescence decay curves. The compounds exhibit red (Eu3+), green (Tb3+) and UV (Gd3+) monochromatic emissions under UV excitation. The NTA ligand acts as luminescence sensitizer in the ligand-to- RE3+ intramolecular energy transfer process, owing to the fact that the first excited triplet state (T1: 29 000 cm−1) is located above of the 5D0 (Eu3+) and 5D4 (Tb3+) emitting levels. The experimental intensity parameters Ωλ (λ: 2 and 4) for the Eu3+ NTA complex were calculated, and the results are discussed. The Gd3+-NTA complex exhibits a high-intensity emission band in the UV region (32 000 cm−1) assigned to the 6P7/2→8S7/2 intraconfigurational transition.
Transparent CuInS2 PMMA Nanocomposites Luminescent in the Visible and NIR Region
Authors: Guguła Krzysztof , Bredol Michael
Published: February 2014

Nanocomposites combining functional nanoparticles and transparent polymers allow for stabilization of filler properties over long periods of time while retaining transparency of the polymer matrix. Here we employ CuInS2/ZnS quantum dots (QDs), ternary visible- and NIR-emitting semiconductors as wavelength-tunable luminescent fillers. Luminescence in the near infrared (NIR) is of particular interest in medicine which allows deep penetration into human tissue enabling in vivo diagnostics and treatment, while visible emitters may serve as color converters in displays or lighting. To stabilize the optical properties of QDs and prevent agglomeration, polymethyl metacrylate (PMMA) was chosen as a matrix. These novel polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) show good optical properties and stability under ambient conditions, and can be easily deposited over large areas. High-quality QDs and hydrophobic functionalization with long-chain hydrocarbons are a prerequisite for embedding into a PMMA matrix. Transparent PNC films without visible scattering losses were obtained for 1 wt-% QD loading with respect to the polymer. Partial transparency is retained up to 10 wt-% QD loading and vanishes rapidly at higher loading. Luminescence properties increase up to 5 wt-% and then decrease rapidly due to QD agglomeration and reabsorption between adjacent particles. Potential applications include converter materials for medical applications, laser layers, displays and white LEDs.
Na2Y3Cl3[TeO3]4: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of the Bulk Material and its Luminescent Eu3+-doped Samples
Authors: Zitzer Sabine , Schleifenbaum Frank , Schleid Thomas
Published: February 2014

Colorless, platelet-shaped single crystals of Na2Y3Cl3[TeO3]4 were synthesized by a reaction of Y2O3 and TeO2 (molar ratio 3 : 8) in evacuated silica ampoules within five days at 775 °C with an excess of NaCl added as flux and reagent. The new quintenary compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with the lattice parameters a = 2380:69(14), b = 552:76(3), c = 1662:48(9) pm, β = 134:045(3)° and Z = 4. The crystal structure presents one of the rare oxotellurates(IV) containing isolated [TeO3]2− units, which could be verified by Raman spectroscopy. Doping with Eu3+ (3 mass-%) at the Y3+ sites in eightfold oxygen coordination leads to a strong orange-red luminescence of Na2Y3Cl3[TeO3]4:Eu3+ under UV excitation with a wavelength of λ = 254 nm. Beyond the electronic Eu3+ transitions of the 4 f 6 state, the fluorescence excitation spectrum shows an intense broad charge-transfer band resulting from both O2−→Eu3+ ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) as well as electronic Eu3+ d→f and Te4+s→p transitions. The emission spectrum features the prominent f→f transitions of Eu3+-doped oxidic compounds. The optical band gaps of the undoped and doped samples were determined by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy revealing just minimal doping effects on the crystal structure. The optical band gaps could be assigned in the excitation spectrum in the charge-transfer broad-band region supporting the assumption of an inorganic antenna effect of the Te4+ cations.
Photoluminescent Tetrazolate-based Eu(III) Complexes: An Outstanding Impact of Aromatic Phosphine Oxide Co-ligands on the Photoluminescence Quantum Yields
Authors: Pietraszkiewicz Marek , Mal Suraj , Pietraszkiewicz Oksana , Górski Krzysztof , Chelwani Nitin
Published: February 2014

New ternary Eu(III) 5-(2-pyridyl-1-oxide)tetrazolate complexes with phosphine oxide co-ligands have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, and IR and 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques. The analytical data revealed that these complexes are mononuclear, and the central Eu(III) ion is coordinated by three oxygen and three nitrogen atoms of the tetrazolate and two oxygen atoms from the phosphine oxide ligands. The ancillary ligands increased remarkably the luminescence efficiency of the Eu(III) tetrazolate.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Li3Ba2La3(MoO4)8:Sm3+ Powders for pcLEDs
Authors: Baur Florian , Katelnikovas Arturas , Sakirzanovas Simas , Petry Ralf , Jüstel Thomas
Published: February 2014

A series of Sm3+-activated molybdates Li3Ba2(La1−xSmx)3(MoO4)8 with 0<̲x<̲1 (0% to 100% Sm3+) have been prepared by the conventional solid-state synthesis method, and their optical properties were investigated. Reflection, excitation and emission spectra were recorded and put in relation to the various [Xe]4 f 5 → [Xe]4 f 5 transitions of Sm3+. The positions of the charge transfer bands of Sm3+ and Mo6+ were resolved by Gaussian peak fitting. Emission spectra recorded at 100 K revealed the Stark sublevels of the Sm3+ energy levels. Time-dependent emission measurements of the 4G5/2 →6H9/2 transition were performed to disentangle the influence of temperature and activator concentration on the decay constants. The results are discussed in the context of the structure of the host material. Sm3+ occupies two different crystallographic sites at higher activator concentrations, which results in a bi-exponential decay curve. Temperature-dependent emission spectra were recorded to determine the thermal quenching behavior of the material. Internal and external quantum efficiencies (IQE and EQE) have been calculated. The IQE is independent of temperature, while the emission intensity strongly decreases at temperatures higher than 400 K. It is concluded that the photon escape efficiency in Li3Ba2La3(MoO4)8 correlates with temperature. An EQE of 44% was achieved for the 2% Sm3+ sample, which is comparatively high for Sm3+. Color points and luminous efficacies were calculated. The color point is independent of the Sm3+ concentration, but a blue-shift was observed with increasing temperature. This shift may be caused by lattice expansion and a subsequent decrease of spin-orbit coupling.
Development of Nd3+-doped Monoclinic Dimolybdates La2Mo2O9 as Optical Materials
Authors: Guzik Małgorzata , Bieza Magdalena , Tomaszewicz Elżbieta , Guyot Yannick , Boulon Georges
Published: February 2014

The work presented is mainly focused on synthesis and study of structural and optical properties of microcrystalline Nd3+-doped monoclinic dilanthanum dimolybdate at both room and cyrogenic temperatures (4K and 77 K). These compounds might be useful for application in the future as optical materials and also as transparent ceramics when the structure is cubic. The Nd3+-doped phases with monoclinic structure (α-form, space group P21, unit cell parameters a = 7:1426, b = 7:1544, c = 7:1618 Å and β = 89:538°) were observed for a concentration of the optically active ions equal to 5%. When the concentration of the Nd3+ ions is higher than 15%, a cubic structure is formed (β-form, space group P213, with the lattice parameter a = 7:155±0:005 Å). A series of Nd3+- doped La2Mo2O9 phases with different concentration of Nd3+ were prepared using conventional solid-state reactions. The formation of phase-pure Nd3+-doped La2Mo2O9 has been monitored by powder X-ray diffraction, DSC, SEM, Raman, and FT-IR absorption techniques. High-resolution absorption and emission spectra, as well as the dynamics of the Nd3+ excited states characterized by decay time measurements were recorded from room temperature to 4 K. At least two slightly different crystallographic sites are available for the Nd3+ ions. First results show that this new Nd3+-doped monoclinic La2Mo2O9 molybdate phosphor is promising for applications of ultra-short pulse lasers.
1,3-Thiazole as Suitable Antenna Ligand for Lanthanide Photoluminescence in [LnCl3(thz)4]·0.5thz, Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy
Authors: Dannenbauer Nicole , Kuzmanoski Ana , Feldmann Claus , Müller-Buschbaum Klaus
Published: February 2014

The series of luminescent monomeric lanthanide thiazole complexes [LnCl3(thz)4]⋅0.5thz (Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy; thz=1,3-thiazole) has been synthesised and characterised by powder and singlecrystal X-ray diffraction, IR and photoluminescence spectroscopy, DTA/TG as well as elemental analysis. The colourless compounds exhibit photoluminescence in the visible region with varying quantum efficiencies up to QY = 48% for [TbCl3(thz)4]⋅0.5thz. Both, the lanthanide ions as well as the thiazole ligand contribute to the luminescence. Excitation can be achieved via intra-4 f transitions and by exciting the ligand, emission is observed mainly from the lanthanide ions again by 4 f transitions. Thiazole can transfer energy to the lanthanide ions, which further feeds the lanthanide emission by an efficient antenna effect even at room temperature. The lanthanide ions show pentagonalbipyramidal coordination by three chloride anions and four N atoms of 1,3-thiazole, which leads to a strong 5D0 →7F4 transition for europium. Significant differences arise as compared to thiophene complexes because no sulphur atom is involved in the metal coordination, as the thiazole ligand is solely coordinated via its nitrogen function.
Energy Recovery from Lu2O3:Tb,Hf Ceramic Storage Phosphors
Authors: Zych Eugeniusz , Kulesza Dagmara
Published: February 2014

Lu2O3:Tb,Hf ceramics were investigated as energy storage materials. It was shown that X-rays caused a significant thermoluminescence with a main band around 250 °C at a heating rate of 4:8 °Cs−1. 780 nm radiation released up to about 75% of the stored energy, while 420 nm light liberated all the stored energy in the form of green photons produced by the Tb3+ ions.
Bidirectional Photoinduced Energy Transfer in Nanoassemblies of Quantum Dots and Luminescent Metal Complexes
Authors: Ramachandra Srinidhi , Strassert Cristian Alejandro , Reinhoudt David N. , Vanmaekelbergh Daniel , De Cola Luisa
Published: February 2014

This work describes the synthesis and photophysical characterization of Ir(III) and Ru(II) complexes bearing terminal amino groups, which act as anchoring units for the attachment to quantum dots, QDs. The photophysical properties of the metal complexes in combination with different types of QDs, allows directional photoinduced processes in the assemblies. In particular, we show photoinduced energy transfer from the luminescent excited Ir(III) unit to the CdTe nanocrystals, with an efficiency of 40%. The directionality was then inverted by employing an emitting Ru(II) complex as energy acceptor, in combination with photoluminescent CdSe/ZnS quantum dots. The efficiency of the photoinduced energy transfer from the nanocrystals to the Ru(II) center was estimated to be as high as 75%. This work provides model systems for nanoassemblies based on quantum dots and metal complexes for optoelectronic applications, and as active light-harvesting systems.
Macrofungi of raised and transitional bogs of Pomerania
Authors: Stasińska Małgorzata
Published: February 2014

The mycology of peatlands, with their specific plant communities and numerous rare plant species, has been underexplored and is poorly recognized. The main objectives of this study were to identify the species richness and diversity of macromycetes in raised and transitional bogs of Pomerania and to establish correlations between macroscopic fungi and peatland communities occurring in the area in view of environmental conditions. Investigations spanning a period of ten years were conducted at 134 sites (71 raised and 63 transitional bogs) in eight non-forest peatland communities (Caricetum lasiocarpae, Caricetum limosae, Caricetum rostratae, Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi, Rhynchosporetum albae, Erico-Sphagnetum medii, Sphagnetum magellanici, and the Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax community) and two forest communities (Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum and Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis) in which 108 permanent observation plots were established for detailed examinations. A total of 191 macromycete species were recorded in the peatlands. The smallest number of species was recorded in Rhynchosporetum albae (12 species) and Caricetum rostratae (15 species). Phytocoenoses richest in fungi were Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum (102 species) and Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis (121 species). The number of macromycete species recorded in individual peatland communities depends on the community type and is not conditioned by the number of observations and the number and the total area of permanent plots. Five mycosociologico-ecological groups of macroscopic fungi were distinguished based on numerical analyses. Four groups comprise species of fungi associated with a specific phytocoenosis or a group of phytocoenoses. One group consists of fungi with a broader ecological scale. The majority of environmental variables representing the substrate’s chemical properties, humidity and pH show a statistically significant influence on the diversity of macroscopic fungi species in the peatland communities. Cartogram maps of the distribution of 21 species of peatland fungi are included and geographico-ecological features of the species are briefly described.
Monographiae Botanicae, czasopismo Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego w latach 1953–2012 [Monographiae Botanicae, the journal of the Polish Botanical Society in years 1953–2012]
Authors: Czyżewska Krystyna
Published: February 2014

The Monographiae Botanicae (abbreviation: Monogr. Bot.) was founded in 1953 by the Polish Botanical Society, the owner and publisher of the monographical series. Web page address: http://pbsociety.org.pl/czasopisma. The Monographiae Botanicae has collected many monographic papers in the fields of geobotany, ecology, taxonomy, syntaxonomy of vascular plants, bryophytes, fungi and lichens. The article characterizes the Editors and Editorial Boards in years 1953-2013, Members of the Editorial Councils in years 1978-2013 and Reviewers in years 1991-2012. Also, it seems interesting to observe the distribution of 172 papers which appeared in 102 published volumes of the monographical series.
A New Profile Shape Matching Stereovision Algorithm for Real-time Human Pose and Hand Gesture Recognition
Authors: Zhang Dong , Lee Dah-Jye , Chang Yung-Ping
Published: February 2014

This paper presents a new profile shape matching stereovision algorithm that is designed to extract 3D information in real time. This algorithm obtains 3D information by matching profile intensity shapes of each corresponding row of the stereo image pair. It detects the corresponding matching patterns of the intensity profile rather than the intensity values of individual pixels or pixels in a small neighbourhood. This approach reduces the effect of the intensity and colour variations caused by lighting differences. As with all real-time vision algorithms, there is always a trade-off between accuracy and processing speed. This algorithm achieves a balance between the two to produce accurate results for real-time applications. To demonstrate its performance, the proposed algorithm is tested for human pose and hand gesture recognition to control a smart phone and an entertainment system.
Imaginarios urbanos de la discapacidad y la exclusión
Authors: Narváez Tijerina Adolfo Benito , Soto Canales Karina
Published: February 2014

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una investigación de campo sobre los imaginarios de la discapacidad en la ciudad de Monterrey, México. Se presentan antecedentes sobre la importancia y pertinencia de los estudios urbanos basados en los imaginarios sociales. Se hace una descripción del método con el que se realizó el trabajo, encontrándose que por la forma de abordar el tema, así como por la tradición disciplinar, se trabajaría con métodos cualitativos, decidiéndose por la recopilación de historias de vida de personajes que han atravesado por discapacidades no permanentes. Se presentan cinco historias de vida, resaltando las descripciones de la relación de cada personaje entrevistado con la ciudad y los ciudadanos. Se reflexiona finalmente sobre el papel que juega el imaginario de la discapacidad como elemento para entender los comportamientos de la ciudadanía frente a esta minoría y de cómo a través de la comprensión de las visiones exploradas, es posible explicar que las formas de la ciudad y de la arquitectura marginan y excluyen a esta minoría

Aquest treball presenta els resultats d’una investigació de camp sobre els imaginaris de la discapacitat a la ciutat de Monterrey, Mèxic. Es presenten antecedents sobre la importància i pertinència dels estudis urbans basats en els imaginaris socials. Es fa una descripció del mètode amb el que es va realitzar el treball, trobant que per la forma d’abordar el tema, així com per la tradició disciplinar, es treballaria amb mètodes qualitatius, decidint-se per la recopilació d’històries de vida de personatges que han patit discapacitats no permanents. Es presenten cinc històries de vida, ressaltant les descripcions de la relació de cada personatge entrevistat amb la ciutat i els ciutadans. Es reflexiona finalment sobre el paper que juga l’imaginari de la discapacitat com element per entendre els comportaments de la ciutadania front a aquesta minoria i com a través de la comprensió de les visions explorades és possible explicar que les formes de la ciutat i de l’arquitectura marginen i exclouen a aquesta minoria.

On this work are presented the main results of a field research about urban imaginaries of disability in Monterrey, Mexico. First presents the background about importance and pertinence of studying the city from social imaginaries theory. Second presents the research method, that from research main theme and field tradition, are decided work with qualitative methods, decided for the life stories recompilation from persons with a non-permanent disability. Third are presented five life stories focusing on the description of relationships between the person, the city and its inhabitants. Finally are presented a few reflections about the role that plays disability imaginaries as an element to understand the behaviour of citizens in front of these minority and how throw the comprehension of explored visions in this work, it is possible explain that the urban and architectural forms are vehicles to exclude the disability’s minority
An Immunohistochemical Analysis of a Newly Developed, Mouse Monoclonal p40 (BC28) Antibody in Lung, Bladder, Skin, Breast, Prostate, and Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Tacha David , Bremer Ryan , Haas Thomas , Qi Weiman
Published: February 2014

Context.—Immunohistochemistry is important to the pathologist for accurate diagnosis of lung cancer. In recent studies, a rabbit polyclonal p40 (RPp40) antibody demonstrated equivalent staining versus anti-p63 in lung squamous cell carcinoma, and superior specificity because it stains a lesser percentage of lung adenocarcinoma.

Objectives.—To develop an anti-p40 mouse monoclonal antibody (MMp40) for immunohistochemistry, and to evaluate its sensitivity and specificity in normal and neoplastic tissues, with emphasis on lung cancer.

Design.—The MMp40 (BC28) antibody was developed and tested for specificity and sensitivity on normal (n = 34) and neoplastic tissues (n = 493). Staining of MMp40, p63, and RPp40 were directly compared in lung cancers, and MMp40 was evaluated in breast, bladder, skin, prostate, and head and neck cancers. Benign prostate glands and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia were also tested in a direct comparison of MMp40 versus p63.

Results.—The MMp40 provided equivalent staining versus RPp40 and p63 in lung squamous cell carcinoma, but stained a lesser percentage of lung adenocarcinoma than p63 did. The MMp40 staining was observed in a greater percentage of urothelial carcinomas, squamous and basal cell skin cancers, and head and neck cancers of squamous cell origin. No breast-infiltrating ductal carcinomas or prostatic adenocarcinomas were stained. The MMp40 expression in basal cells of prostate glands and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia were almost identical to those of p63.

Conclusion.—The MMp40 (BC28) monoclonal antibody is a high-quality screening antibody for determining squamous cell carcinoma in lung cancers, skin cancers of squamous or basal cell origin, squamous cell head and neck cancers, and urothelial carcinomas.
Radiopeptides Analogues of Somatostatin Used for the Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumors - Literature Review
Authors: Fagner Santos do Carmo  , Marta de Souza Albernaz  , Ralph Santos-Oliveira
Published: February 2014

The use of somatostatin analogues is growing each year, especially for tumor imaging and treatment. In this scenario the numbers of radionuclides and the perspective of new one are quite promising. In this review we approach the possibilities and give an overview of the trends and possibilities in this area.
Un Ouest canadien tourné vers l’autre
Authors: Lohka Eileen
Published: February 2014

Est-ce que l’Ouest canadien doit irrémédiablement être traversé par une dynamique identitaire liée au contexte minoritaire de la langue française? Est-ce que son écriture se doit de valoriser ses valeurs historiques, son imaginaire des plaines et son héritage linguistique, même lorsqu’elle se laisse doucement infiltrer par l’écriture hétérogène de ses vagues d’immigrants? Quels sont les enjeux auxquels doit faire face cette littérature encore dans l’enfance mais qui cherche sa place auprès des littératures québécoise et acadienne? En nous basant sur le cheminement littéraire d’une Marguerite-A. Primeau ou d’une Lise Gaboury-Diallo, filles du terroir et écrivaines bien ancrées dans le paysage de l’Ouest canadien, nous tenterons de démontrer comment les préoccupations d’une littérature basée sur l’espace (des prairies) dont elle est issue élargissent par ailleurs les perspectives de lecture grâce à des choix esthétiques et linguistiques qui prônent l’interstice. Les théories de François Paré, de Simon Harel, d’Hédi Bouraoui ou encore de François Cheng nous permettront de développer les idées de la traversée, de l’effacement des frontières et de l’indétermination du lieu – et de la langue, comme chez Gisèle Villeneuve ou Pierrette Requier – pour cerner les dialectiques de la littérature francophone de l’Ouest canadien.
Nancy Huston : penser l’identité multiple
Authors: Balint-Babos Adina
Published: February 2014

Le dialogue entre la construction de soi et l’espace géographique est loin d’être transparent, d’où notre intérêt à questionner comment se dé/construit le soi au croisement de l’Ouest canadien et de Paris. « On ne naît pas (un) soi, on le devient. Le soi est une construction péniblement élaborée », affirme Nancy Huston. Comment l’expression de soi à la rencontre du mot peut-elle acquérir une valeur subversive? Et quel rapport avec l’espace « réel » ou imaginaire? Ou encore, comment être écrivaine et habiter un « entre-deux-langues » (Daniel Sibony)? Par l’analyse de textes essayistiques de Désirs et réalités et Âmes et corps, en passant par Lettres parisiennes, nous proposons de dégager une pensée du « devenir-écrivaine » à la lumière de trois axes : l’avènement du soi multiple, le retour aux sources et la grâce de l’entre-deux. Il s’agira de réfléchir à une poétique de la traversée des frontières en interrogeant la singularité d’une oeuvre-passerelle entre le Canada et la France.
Lise Gaboury-Diallo : entre l’esprit cartésien et le réalisme merveilleux
Authors: Arentsen Maria Fernanda
Published: February 2014

Ce travail propose une lecture de la nouvelle de Lise Gaboury-Diallo « Errances lointaines », publiée dans le recueil Lointaines (2010). On y analyse les mécanismes par lesquels la romancière manitobaine réussit à susciter un nouveau regard par rapport à la folie par le biais d’un discours rafraîchissant impliquant la présentation d’une nouvelle vision du monde qui remet en question certaines valeurs des sociétés modernes, comme « l’esprit cartésien ». Plus précisément, ce travail analyse le récit de la vie de Kady, jeune femme africaine supposément folle, à la lumière des théories sur le réalisme magique ou merveilleux, tel que défini par Alejo Carpentier et Jacques Stéphan Alexis. La perspective réaliste merveilleuse permet à l’auteure de contester les catégories binaires rigides des sociétés occidentales et d’introduire une nouvelle version de l’histoire des femmes, ce qui suppose une remise en question de la société patriarcale permettant d’offrir de nouvelles possibilités d’être au féminin, même si cela implique une rupture avec les relations humaines. On analysera comment ce récit subversif réussit à contester en même temps les valeurs des sociétés modernes (l’esprit cartésien) et des sociétés traditionnelles (le patriarcat), tout en s’insérant dans le dialogue multiculturel de l’Ouest canadien comme une voix inquiétante et provocante.
Les années Frontières
Authors: Léveillé J. R.
Published: February 2014

Au cours des années 1965-1975, une transformation fondamentale de la communauté franco-manitobaine a eu cours, à tel point que certains ont qualifié la période d’évolution tranquille ou, comme au Québec, de révolution tranquille. La laïcisation des organismes et l’essor culturel ont été menés sur plusieurs fronts, entre autres par des diplômés du Collège de Saint-Boniface, qui, par la voie de l’hebdomadaire Le Courrier de Saint-Boniface (St-Boniface Courier), ont entrepris une lutte épique contre le journal La Liberté, organe de l’élite traditionnelle. Mais l’avant-garde s’est manifestée, et les assises de cette lutte pour la liberté d’expression, la laïcisation des institutions et la revendication d’une nouvelle culture ont été mises en place dès le début des années soixante dans les pages de Frontières, le journal étudiant du Collège de Saint-Boniface.
Les tensions global-local : l’organisation et la coordination des activités internationales
Authors: Jaussaud Jacques , Mayrhofer Ulrike
Published: February 2014

La diversification des flux d’investissements directs et leur rééquilibrage en faveur des pays émergents augmentent l’hétérogénéité des environnements auxquels sont confrontées les entreprises à l’international. Se trouve ainsi renouvelée la question de la nécessaire prise en compte des particularités locales, y compris lorsque l’entreprise s’efforce de promouvoir une approche globale de ses marchés. Les structures, l’organisation, les mécanismes de coordination et de contrôle, comme le souligne cet article, en sont considérablement affectés.
Innovation Processes in Emerging Markets: Empirical Evidence from the Indian Insurance
Industry
Authors: Anand Mohit , Monin Philippe
Published: February 2014

How do organizations innovate to respond to emerging market issues?
Building on a multiple-case research design, we study four cases of innovation in the Indian
insurance industry. In the first stage of our analysis, we identify seven innovation
processes: Demystification, technologization, bundlization, indigenization,
retailization, commoditization and segmentation. In the second stage, we find
that these seven processes serve as generic responses to three typical issues:
management of meanings and values, accessibility and
affordability that firms face in emerging markets. Our findings contribute to a
better understanding of innovation processes in emerging markets.
The Role of Partnerships in the Internationalisation Process of Small Knowledge Intensive Firms (SKIFs)
Authors: Zucchella Antonella , Kabbara Diala
Published: February 2014

There is important evidence that Small Knowledge Intensive Firms (SKIFs) have demonstrated some unique characteristics in their internationalisation process. The process takes place earlier in the life of the firm and develops due to the role played by partnerships. The paper analyzes three different SKIFs through a cross case study method. We build on different process based models that have studied the internationalisation process of international ventures. The findings show that the SKIFs internationalisation consists of a series of phases characterised by triggering factors. The paper sheds new light into which type of partnerships mostly matter in the growth of SKIFs.
Les pôles de compétitivité : morphologies et performances
Authors: Hussler Caroline , Muller Paul , Ronde Patrick
Published: February 2014

Cet article se propose d’avancer une explication aux résultats contrastés des évaluations des pôles de compétitivité français, en montrant la réalité protéiforme des pôles tant dans leurs caractéristiques structurelles que dans leurs performances. En appliquant des techniques d’analyse de données aux informations fournies dans les tableaux de bord des pôles, nous faisons émerger une typologie originale des pôles de compétitivité français. Nous avançons alors que la morphologie des pôles influence leurs performances, appelant par la même à la reconnaissance d’objectifs distincts, de critères de performance adaptés et finalement à une gestion plus différenciée du pilotage public de ces méta-organisations.
L’écosystème d’innovation universitaire de Aalto : une contribution au repérage des acteurs impliqués lors de la phase d’émergence
Authors: Froehlicher Thomas , Barès Franck
Published: February 2014

L’objectif de cet article est de mieux comprendre comment l’écosystème d’innovation de Aalto, dans la région d’Helsinki en Finlande, s’est structuré au début des années 2000. En s’appuyant tant sur une analyse de données secondaires que sur les principes d’une analyse structurale de réseau, nous avons procédé au repérage des acteurs et de leurs liens au cours de la période dite d’émergence de cet écosystème. Les résultats montrent la coexistence de deux espaces organisés comme des réseaux sociocognitifs pouvant entrer en interaction et se renforcer mutuellement. Un espace territorialisé, centré sur une dynamique d’innovation s’appuyant sur la stratégie de convergence des trois recteurs impliqués sur Aalto. Un espace déterritorialisé construit par une communauté d’acteurs centrée sur l’affirmation de propositions et d’idées destinées à la mise en oeuvre de nouvelles pratiques de gouvernance de l’innovation.
Control of growth mode in Mg-doped GaN/AlN heterostructure
Authors: Morishita Tomohiro , Sato Kosuke , Iwaya Motoaki , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Kamiyama Satoshi , Akasaki Isamu
Published: February 2014

We investigated the effect of carrier gas on the growth mode of Mg-doped GaN on AlN layers. The growth mode of Mg-doped GaN strongly depends on the type of carrier gas used. In H2 carrier gas, Mg-doped GaN on AlN layers is grown in the shape of an island. In contrast, in N2 carrier gas, Mg-doped GaN on AlN layers shows a two-dimensional growth different from the initial growth mode. We observed that the type of carrier gas used has a significant impact on the electrical conductivity of Mg-doped GaN owing to the difference in surface flatness.
Electrical observation of non-radiative recombination in Er doped Si nano-crystals during thermal quenching of intra-4f luminescence
Authors: Ishii Masashi , Crowe Iain F. , Halsall Matthew P. , Knights Andrew P. , Gwilliam Russell M. , Hamilton Bruce
Published: February 2014

Thermal quenching of luminescence of Er dopants in Si nano-crystals (Si-nc’s) was investigated employing an impedance model for the analysis of photo-injected charges. Relaxation response indicated that Er doping forms not only optical centers but also trapping centers near the Si-nc’s. The response time constant of trapped charges was dependent on temperature, with the dependence correlating to thermal quenching. These findings indicate that quenching occurs by trapping followed by consumption of charges. The complex analyses revealed that the response represents non-radiative recombination at the centers rather than release of confined charges from the Si-nc through the centers. We propose a possible energy diagram for the non-radiative recombination.
Characterization of structural defects in semipolar

GaN layers grown on

patterned sapphire substrates
Authors: Yamane Keisuke , Inagaki Takashi , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Koyama Masakazu , Okada Narihito , Tadatomo Kazuyuki
Published: February 2014

We present the transmission electron microscopy characterization of

GaN layers grown by metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) and hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) on

patterned sapphire substrates (PSSs). We determined that the predominant I1-type basal stacking faults (BSFs) propagated toward the surface without an annihilation reaction, even when the layer thickness was increased by HVPE, whereas some threading dislocations were annihilated through their coalescence. It is revealed that BSFs were generated owing to the growth on the −c plane facet at the initial stage of MOVPE growth. One way to improve the crystalline quality is to use PSSs with wide terraces to expand the defect-free region.
A triode-type carbon nanotube ionizer for micro mass spectrometer
Authors: Lee Ki Jung , Jo Minuk , Hong Nguyen Tuan , Lee Soonil , Oh Jun Sik , Jung Kwang Woo , Yang Sang Sik
Published: February 2014

This article presents an ionizer based on a triode structure for a micromachined time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS). The fabricated device has two components in one chip: a triode-type field emitter for ionization and an ion separator with acceleration electrodes. The electron emitter is an array of carbon-nanotube (CNT) pillars grown by hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD). The anode current measured in the field-emission characteristic test of the fabricated device is high, up to 72.1 µA. The gate current is about 5% of the anode current, which implies low electron interception. We confirmed the ionization by electron impact and obtained the mass spectrum of the air from the fabricated device using a microchannel plate (MCP). The results show that the fabricated TOFMS is feasible for cheap miniature mass spectral analyzers.
Defect properties of high-k/metal-gate metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors determined by characterization of random telegraph noise
Authors: Wu San-Lein , Chiu Hsu-Feng , Chang Yee-Shyi , Cheng Osbert
Published: February 2014

The defect severity in n-channel high-k/metal-gate MOSFETs is analyzed with the trap energy level

extracted from the random telegraph noise (RTN). The external factors of

are the gate overdrive and the trap depth

. By observing the RTN phenomenon at the same

, the drain current was found to be low in devices to which a low gate overdrive was applied. However, by fixing the gate overdrive, devices with a low initial

show a high fluctuation and a small

. This method enables the determination of defect severity in future advanced devices.
Influence of work function variation of metal gates on fluctuation of sub-threshold drain current for fin field-effect transistors with undoped channels
Authors: Matsukawa Takashi , Liu Yongxun , Endo Kazuhiko , Tsukada Junichi , Yamauchi Hiromi , Ishikawa Yuki , O’uchi Shinichi , Mizubayashi Wataru , Ota Hiroyuki , Migita Shinji , Morita Yukinori , Masahara Meishoku
Published: February 2014

Influence of work function variation (WFV) in metal gates (MGs) on fluctuation of sub-threshold drain current is investigated in detail by analyzing fluctuation of current–onset voltage (COV) for fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs) with polycrystalline TiN and amorphous TaSiN MGs. The polycrystalline TiN MG exhibits anomalously increased COV fluctuation of the nMOS FinFETs in comparison to the pMOS case, while the amorphous MG exhibits well suppressed COV fluctuation both for the n- and pMOS FinFETs. Through the discussion with regard to the WFV due to the polycrystalline TiN grains, it is concluded that the sub-dominant grains of TiN with lower work function (WF) in TiN form localized potential valleys in the channel of the nMOS FinFETs resulting in the anomalous leak current in the sub-threshold condition. In the pMOS FinFETs, in contrast, the lower WF grains in TiN form localized potential peaks for holes, which have less impact on the sub-threshold leakage.
High temperature behavior of multi-region direct current current–voltage spectroscopy and relationship with shallow-trench-isolation-based high-voltage laterally diffused metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect-transistors reliability
Authors: He Yandong , Zhang Ganggang , Zhang Xing
Published: February 2014

With the process compatibility with the mainstream standard complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS), shallow trench isolation (STI) based laterally diffused metal–oxide–semiconductor (LDMOS) devices have become popular for its better tradeoff between breakdown voltage and performance, especially for smart power applications. A multi-region direct current current–voltage (MR-DCIV) technique with spectroscopic features was demonstrated to map the interface state generation in the channel, accumulation and STI drift regions. High temperature behavior of MR-DCIV spectroscopy was analyzed and a physical model was verified. Degradation of STI-based LDMOS transistors under high temperature reverse bias (HTRB) stress is experimentally studied by MR-DCIV spectroscopy. The impact of interface state location on device electrical characteristics was investigated. Our results show that the major contribution to HTRB degradation, in term of the on-resistance degradation, was attributed to interface state generation under STI drift region.
Reflection-type optical fiber refractive-index sensor using a multimode interference structure with high sensitivity
Authors: Fukano Hideki , Hashimoto Takuya , Taue Shuji
Published: February 2014

A high-sensitivity reflection-type refractive-index (RI) sensor using a multimode interference structure has been fabricated by forming a gold mirror at the end of a sensor fiber. The sensor part is composed of single-mode fibers (SMFs) attached to a multimode fiber (MMF) with an end-face mirror. This structure has the same function as an MMF sandwiched by SMFs, which is called a multimode interference (MMI) structure. The fabricated sensor shows a sensitivity as high as 6.8 × 10−6 (at 1 pm wavelength resolution), which is estimated from the relationship between the change in RI and the shift in wavelength in a wide RI range, and 1.0 × 10−5 (at 0.01 dB power resolution), which is estimated from the relationship between the change in RI and the variation of interference power at a fixed wavelength, despite the sensor having only half the length of a conventional two-port multimode interference RI sensor.
Effect of surface morphology on the density of energy states in GaAsN grown by chemical beam epitaxy
Authors: Bouzazi Boussairi , Nobuaki Kojima , Ohshita Yoshio , Yamaguchi Masafumi
Published: February 2014

The properties of electron traps in GaAsN grown by chemical beam epitaxy on GaAs 311B and GaAs 2AB substrate were studied and compared by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and time resolved photoluminescence (TR-PL). Six electron traps, E1 to E6, were recorded at temperature peaks of 35, 68, 87, 151, 200, and 302 K, respectively and with average energy depths of 0.035, 0.125, 0.160, 0.365, 0.505, and 0.710 eV, respectively below the bottom edge of the conduction band. By comparing the densities of these electron traps in GaAsN grown on the two different substrates, only the density of E2 has showed an increase with a relative ratio of 75.4% (GaAs 2AB is the reference). Nevertheless, the trapping densities of E1, E3 to E6 have showed a markedly decrease with quite different relative ratios of 97.2, 66.5, 77.2, 20.3, 90.6%, respectively. This interesting result was considered as the main reason of the enhancement of both the photoluminescence intensity and the lifetime of minority carriers in GaAsN grown on GaAs 311B.
Computational Finite Element Software Assisted Development of a 3D Inductively Coupled Power Transfer System
Authors: Raval P. , Kacprzak D. , Hu A. Patrick
Published: February 2014

To date inductively coupled power transfer (ICPT) systems have already found many practical applications including battery charging pads. In fact, current charging platforms tend to largely support only one- or two-dimensional planar movement in load. This paper proposes a new concept of extending the aspect ratios of the operating power transfer volume of ICPT systems to support arbitrary three dimensional load movements with respect to the primary coils. This is done by use of modern finite element method analysis software to propose the primary and secondary magnetic structures of such an ICPT system. Firstly, two primary magnetic structures are proposed based on contrasting modes of operation and different field directions. This includes a single-phase and multi-phase current model. Next, a secondary magnetic structure is customized to be compatible with both primary structures. The resulting system is shown to produce a 3D power transfer volume for battery cell charging applications.
Thermodynamic and dynamic effects on regional monsoon rainfall changes in a warmer climate
Authors: Endo Hirokazu , Kitoh Akio
Published: February 2014

This study investigates thermodynamic and dynamic effects on regional monsoon rainfall changes in a warmer climate, by using 20 climate model outputs in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) Phase 5. In a warmer climate, rainfall is projected to increase in most monsoon regions. However, the rates of increase are quite different among the monsoon regions. A diagnosis based on a linearized moisture budget equation reveals that the regional differences of the rainfall change are largely explained by differences in the dynamic effect. In the Asian monsoon regions, monsoon circulation slows down at a much lower rate than in the other monsoon regions; in addition, surface evaporation increases at a higher rate, resulting in a much larger increase in rainfall. These features are commonly found in both CMIP Phase 3 and Phase 5 model projections.
Effect of Annealing Temperature on Film Morphology of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Pervoskite Solid‐State Solar Cells
Authors: Dualeh Amalie , Tétreault Nicolas , Moehl Thomas , Gao Peng , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Grätzel Michael
Published: February 2014

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted attention as successful light harvesting materials for mesoscopic solid‐state solar cells and led to record breaking efficiencies. The photovoltaic performance of these devices is greatly dependent on the film morphology, which in turn is dependent on the deposition techniques and subsequent treatments employed. In this work the perovskite film is deposited by spin‐coating a precursor solution of PbCl2 and CH3NH3I (1 to 3 molar ratio) in dimethylformamide. Here, the role of the temperature used in the annealing process required to convert the as deposited solution into the perovskite material is investigated. It is found that the conversion requires sufficiently high temperatures to ensure the vaporization of solvent and the crystallization of the perovskite material. However, increasing the annealing temperature too high leads to the additional formation of PbI2, which is detrimental to the photovoltaic performance. Furthermore, the effect of the annealing temperature on the film formation, morphology, and composition is examined and correlated with the photovoltaic performance and device working mechanisms.
Comparison of parameter estimation methods in stochastic chemical kinetic models: Examples in systems biology
Authors: Gupta Ankur , Rawlings James B.
Published: February 2014

Stochastic chemical kinetics has become a staple for mechanistically modeling various phenomena in systems biology. These models, even more so than their deterministic counterparts, pose a challenging problem in the estimation of kinetic parameters from experimental data. As a result of the inherent randomness involved in stochastic chemical kinetic models, the estimation methods tend to be statistical in nature. Three classes of estimation methods are implemented and compared in this paper. The first is the exact method, which uses the continuous‐time Markov chain representation of stochastic chemical kinetics and is tractable only for a very restricted class of problems. The next class of methods is based on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques. The third method, termed conditional density importance sampling (CDIS), is a new method introduced in this paper. The use of these methods is demonstrated on two examples taken from systems biology, one of which is a new model of single‐cell viral infection. The applicability, strengths and weaknesses of the three classes of estimation methods are discussed. Using simulated data for the two examples, some guidelines are provided on experimental design to obtain more information from a limited number of measurements. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 1253–1268, 2014