bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polyunphased: an extension to polytomous outcomes of the Unphased package for family-based genetic association analysis
Authors: Bureau Alexandre , Croteau Jordie
Published: February 2017

Polytomous phenotypes arise when a disease has multiple subtypes or when two dichotomous phenotypes are analyzed simultaneously. Few software programs offer the option to analyze such phenotypes in family studies, and none implements conditional polytomous logistic regression for within-family analysis robust to population stratification. We introduce Polyunphased, an extension to polytomous phenotypes of the Unphased package, a flexible software tool for genetic association analysis in nuclear families. Like Unphased, Polyunphased is written in C++ and runs from the command line or from a Java graphical user interface. Most Unphased options remain available in Polyunphased, including those handling missing parental genotypes while preserving robustness to population stratification, and the modelling options. Simulation studies confirmed the expected statistical behaviour of the maximum likelihood estimates of the association parameters of the conditional logistic regression model when the corresponding association parameters in the parental term of the likelihood function are set to 0, but revealed convergence problems when estimating these parental association parameters separately. The former approach is thus recommended with polytomous phenotypes.
New Reality – New Problems. Financial Crime in Greater Poland in the Years 1945-1970
Authors: Jankowiak Stanisław
Published: February 2017

Systemic transformation in Poland after the Second World War led to deep transformations within the economy. It did not, however, change the way people thought. Despite the chaos of the post-war period, in which all the negative features shaped in the period of occupation manifested themselves, it seemed that the conceptual leaders of the Polish political and economic life would create new quality. However, it soon turned out that old habits die hard and the system created by communists opened a field for many abuses. This was accompanied by a sense of impunity, as the most prominent personalities in a given region were also involved in economic scandals. All this resulted in the creation of “cliques” in which both prominent Party activists and people put by the Party in high positions (usually also members of the Polish United Workers’ Party, PUWP) played important roles. On the one hand, after 1956, surveillance by the Security Office (UB) or Security Services (SB) was not that strict anymore, and on the other, the so-called “private initiative” started to develop fast – therefore the more “entrepreneurial” individuals started to exploit the situation and gain wealth. Abusing one’s position to organize large-scale thefts was considered relatively normal. This happened in various forms: sometimes directly, but more often by supporting or even organizing private projects with the use of the national, though unsupervised, supply of raw materials or products. This way, the Party members grew richer at the expense of the companies they worked for. This business was relatively widely tolerated by ordinary citizens, who saw it as an excuse to also “organize” goods individually for their own purposes in the companies which employed them. This common belief that “everybody steals” allowed people to justify their own dishonesty. Any attempts to fight this problem failed to produce satisfactory results. The diagnosis, even if correct, had to face reality, in which the pursuit of a better quality of life by the Party elites collided with the officially promoted ascetic lifestyles of the “ideological communists”, who, like Władysław Gomułka, did not understood the new times.
“Autogangs”. Car Smuggle to Communist Poland in the 1980s
Authors: Nawrocki Karol
Published: February 2017

The article refers to the economic consequences of the post-war division of Europe into the capitalist West and communist East. One of the consequences of this division was the creation of peculiar crime phenomenon on the eastern side of the “iron curtain”, which consist on exploit the prices and goods availability differences between wealthy West and backward East of Europe. This being the case of illegal movement of goods, begun from the 1940s, between those two worlds. In article you can find the outline of characteristic for the whole Polish “People’s” Republic period smuggling conducts. The key subject of following text is first of all the problem of car smuggling in the 1980s, which wasn’t researched by polish historians before. In this interesting for us times in Western Europe (West Germany, Austria, France) and in Scandinavia at least few groups of organized crime were active in a areas of car stealing and smuggling a luxury goods into Poland. The essence of following article are the presentation of these groups, their bosses, criminal practices and techniques and indication of the cooperation between polish car smugglers and western countries citizens. Sources for this text are based first of all on operational and investigation records of former Security Service collected in archives of the Institute of National Remembrance.
Messaufbau zur Charakterisierung von magnetischen Sensormaterialien
Authors: Nording Felix , Boy Niklas , Ludwig Frank , Schilling Meinhard
Published: February 2017

Viele magnetische Sensoren beruhen auf der Interaktion magnetischer Materialien mit einem externen Magnetfeld. Das
Magnetisierungsverhalten und die Magnetisierungsdynamik der magnetischen Materialien sind dadurch entscheidende
Charakteristiken für die Funktionsfähigkeit dieser Sensoren. Daher wird in der Forschung und generell bei der
Optimierung der Sensoren ein besonderer Fokus auf die Materialcharakteristik gelegt. Hier wird ein Messsystem vorgestellt,
das diese Charakterisierung sehr empfindlich ermöglicht und zusätzlich auch für verschiedenste Proben
eingesetzt werden kann. Beispielsweise zeigen die für Fluxgate-Sensoren verwendeten magnetischen Materialien ein
anderes Verhalten als die in MR-Sensoren eingesetzten magnetischen Schichten.
The fountains of Łódź: their relevance to the lives of its inhabitants
Authors: Bartnik Adam , Suwart Aleksandra
Published: February 2017

This paper presents the characteristics of the fountains of Łódź, their location in the public spaces of the city and changes in various time periods. Special attention is drawn to the function of fountains in contemporary cities and their social perception. Moreover, in the last part, the presumed reasons for their present distribution and typological variety are given.
Tourism development in Łódź in 2000-2014: directions and character of change
Authors: Kowalczyk-Anioł Joanna
Published: February 2017

The primary aim of the article is to present the scope and character of tourism in Łódź, between 2000 and 2014. The author will show both the overall changes in numbers of registered tourists during those 15 years, its distribution within the city in the last year, and the number and specificity of foreign arrivals (non-residents). Based on surveys in 2009-12, the author will discuss the structure of tourism in Łódź, taking into consideration one-day visitors and tourists, tourism consumption and distribution within the city space.
Opportunities and limitations for MICE tourism development in Łódź
Authors: Sylla Marta , Chruściński Jakub , Drużyńska Paulina , Płóciennik Paulina , Osak Witold
Published: February 2017

Business tourism plays an important role in the tourism industry of Łódź. However, compared to other Polish cities relatively few MICE meetings are organised there. The purpose of this article is therefore to analyse the opportunities and limitations for MICE tourism development in Łódź compared to the city’s potential. The accommodation services, congress locations, accessibility by different means of transportation, and its image are the factors considered in the analysis. The results indicate the most important strategic actions that are recommended in order to improve the situation of business tourism in Łódź.
The role of the inhabitants of Łódź in the urbanisation of its surrounding area
Authors: Makowska-Iskierka Marzena
Published: February 2017

This article describes the urbanisation process within the recreational region surrounding Łódź. After an introduction to theoretical issues, the topic will be the ongoing changes, their stages, and effects on various planes of this urbanisation. The emphasis is put on showing the characteristics and scale of the process, its causes and social features. The paper concludes by demonstrating the dominating influence of the inhabitants of Łódź on urbanisation processes caused by their tourism and recreational activity in this area.
Oktatás-, nevelés-, egyetem- és művelődéstörténeti témájú doktori védések a PTE doktori iskoláiban, a 2014/2015. tanévben
Authors: Cingelová (Medveďová) Gabriela , Dévényi Anna , Nagy Adrienn , Takács Zsuzsanna Mária , Somogyvári Lajos
Published: February 2017

A Per Aspera ad Astra mint a Pécsi Tudományegyetem művelődés- és egyetemtörténeti folyóirata jelen számtól kezdődően bemutatkozási lehetőséget kíván nyújtani az egyetem doktori iskoláiban, a folyóirat profiljával egybevágó témakörökben doktori fokozatot elnyert kutatóknak. Az elmúlt (2014/15.) tanévben sikeres szóbeli védésen átesett doktoranduszokat disszertációjuk rövid bemutatására kértük fel.
„Nagy tüzet kiált a tűzoltó”
Authors: Polyák Petra
Published: February 2017

The retaliations following the Hungarian Revolution of October 1956 reached the institutions of higher education at the end of April 1957. However, in Pécs the first disciplinary procedures had been started almost a month ahead of the central executive order, due to university-college party organizations, as well as the initial difficulties surrounding the Young Communist League. The reason behind this is that both the Hungarian Socialist Workers’ Party and the Hungarian Young Communist League movements found their position rather precarious in the movement, when they were founded in February-March, 1957. For them, the disciplinary procedures served as the primary tool to restore and expand their influence. While it allowed the regulation of the students and lecturers who opposed the restoration, it also made the old and new positions redistributive within the party and the youth organizations. The records of these disciplinary trials as well as the appeals of the students both confirm and support the historical conclusion that causal relationship between activity during and retribution after the Revolution was not essential. The conscious creation of an Enemy was evident to some of the accused students as well. 
(Translated by Dávid Molnár)
A „Zalaegerszegi Fiók Főiskola ügyei”
Authors: Halász Imre
Published: February 2017

A felsőoktatást illetően Zala megye helyzete mindig sajátos volt. Tradicionális felsőoktatási intézménye tulajdonképpen egy volt és van, ez a Festetics György gróf által Keszthelyen 1797-ben létrehozott Georgikon, mely az alapítás évében, július 1-jén egyetlen hallgatóval kezdte meg az első tanévét. Ezzel nemcsak Magyarország, hanem Európa első mezőgazdasági felsőfokú tanintézete jött létre, mely több mint két évszázados fennállása során volt gazdasági tanintézet, akadémia, főiskola és egyetemi kar. 
Az elmúlt fél évszázadban számos kísérlet történt Zala megyében a felsőoktatás különböző intézményeinek meghonosítására. Több fővárosi intézmény vagy dunántúli egyetem létesített valamilyen szervezeti formában (kampusz, kihelyezett tagozat, intézet, képzési hely, kar) oktatási egységet, ám szervezésükből adódóan ezek egyike sem volt önálló, viszont tevékenységük saját területükön, illetve létrehozásuk időszakában minden esetben eredményesnek értékelhető. Ezen kísérletek egyike volt a három tanévet megélt zalaegerszegi tanárképzés, melynek iratanyagát fedő egyik dosszién szerepel a címben említett „fiók főiskola” elnevezés.
„A tűzre tűzzel válaszolunk”
Authors: Méreg Martin
Published: February 2017

2016 októberében tizenkét darab, 1956-ból származó plakát került elő a Pécsi Egyetemi Könyvtár és Tudásközpont Történeti Gyűjtemények Osztályán. A plakátok jelzet nélküliek, nincsenek katalogizálva, könyvtárba kerülésük körülményei nem ismertek. Valószínűsíthető, hogy Móró Mária Anna, a Pécsi Egyetemi Könyvtár főkönyvtárosa az irattár rendezése közben gyűjtötte egy iratcsomóba a plakátokat. Mivel a plakátok esetlegesen maradtak fenn, jelen tanulmánynak nem célja az 1956-os pécsi és baranyai események részletes ismertetése, csupán a plakátok bemutatására és történeti kontextusba helyezésére vállalkozunk. 
Fotó: Pécsi Egyetemtörténeti Gyűjtemény
Interjú Várkonyi Nándor könyvtárosi tevékenységéről
Authors: Hajdú Csilla
Published: February 2017

Vajon hányan ismerik a könyvtáros Várkonyi Nándor életútját, tevékenységét? Hányan ismerik őt, aki magánemberként, könyvtárosként, valamint a hétköznapokban is magával ragadó, nagyformátumú, színes és izgalmas személyiség volt? 
Kevés fény vetül a mindennapokban munkálkodó könyvtárosra, arra az emberre, aki éveken keresztül szeretettel dolgozott a könyvek között, és sokat tett több pécsi könyvtári gyűjtemény feltárásáért, megőrzéséért, használhatóságáért. Arról pedig még kevesebbet tudunk, hogy egy nehéz történelmi időszakban Várkonyi Nándor könyvtárosként és emberként hogyan állt helyt, hogyan segítette a barátait, a munkatársait, az olvasóit, és hogyan védte a könyvtár állományát. 
Fotó: Hetedhéthatár
Interjú Dr. Süle Tamással és Dr. Lázár Gyulával 1956-os emlékeikről
Authors: Méreg Martin
Published: February 2017

Az interjú elkészítésének ötlete akkor merült fel, amikor 2016 októberében Dr. Süle Tamás, a Baranya Megyei Kórház nyugalmazott osztályvezető főorvosa orvostörténeti és numizmatikai témájú könyveket ajándékozott a PTE Egyetemi Könyvtár és Tudásközpont Történeti Gyűjtemények Osztályának. Az osztályon folyó, 1956-os jubileumi előkészületekkel kapcsolatban ekkor mesélt először a Pécsi Orvostudományi Egyetem (POTE) hallgatójaként megélt 1956-os élményeiről. Az interjú ötletének sikerült megnyernie egykori kollégiumi szobatársát, Dr. Lázár Gyulát, a PTE ÁOK Anatómiai Intézetének emeritus professzorát, akivel együtt élték át a forradalom Pécsett zajló eseményeit. Emlékeiket közösen idézték fel 2016. október 24-én.
„Vonyó, veled az a baj, hogy kívülről nézed a dolgokat!”
Authors: Bernáth Miklós , Erőss Zsolt
Published: February 2017

Egy nyilvános beszélgetés szerkesztett változatát olvashatja a Tisztelt Olvasó. A közlés alapja a pécsi Művészetek és Irodalom Házában 2016. január 26-án, az Ön már városunk része – Portrébeszélgetés-sorozat című program keretében lezajlott rendezvény hangfelvétele. Vonyó József történész, ny. címzetes egyetemi tanár beszélgetőpartnere két korábbi tanítványa volt. Bernáth Miklós, a pécsi Virágmandula Kft. ügyvezető igazgatója, Erőss Zsolt, a Kft. keretében működő Kronosz Kiadó vezetője, felelős szerkesztője.
Effect of Resistance Training to Muscle Failure vs. Volitional Interruption at High- and Low-Intensities on Muscle Mass and Strength
Authors: Nóbrega Sanmy R. , Ugrinowitsch Carlos , Pintanel Lucas , Barcelos Cintia , Libardi Cleiton A.
Published: February 2017

Nóbrega, SR, Ugrinowitsch, C, Pintanel, L, Barcelos, C, and Libardi, CA. Effect of resistance training to muscle failure vs. volitional interruption at high- and low-intensities on muscle mass and strength. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 162–169, 2018—The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) at high- and low-intensities performed to muscle failure or volitional interruption on muscle strength, cross-sectional area (CSA), pennation angle (PA), and muscle activation. Thirty-two untrained men participated in the study. Each leg was allocated in 1 of 4 unilateral RT protocols: RT to failure at high and low intensities, and RT to volitional interruption (repetitions performed to the point in which participants voluntarily interrupted the exercise) at high (HIRT-V) and low (LIRT-V) intensities. Muscle strength (1 repetition maximum [1RM]), CSA, PA, and muscle activation by amplitude of the electromyography (EMG) signal were assessed before (Pre), after 6 (6W), and 12 (12W) weeks. 1RM increased similarly after 6W (range: 15.8–18.9%, effective size [ES]: 0.41–0.58) and 12W (range: 25.6–33.6%, ES: 0.64–0.98) for all protocols. All protocols were similarly effective in increasing CSA after 6W (range: 3.0–4.6%, ES: 0.10–0.24) and 12W (range: 6.1–7.5%, ES: 0.22–0.26). PA increased after 6W (∼3.5) and 12W (∼9%; main time effect, p < 0.0001), with no differences between protocols. EMG values were significantly higher for the high-intensity protocols at all times (main intensity effect, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, both HIRT-V and LIRT-V are equally effective in increasing muscle mass, strength, and PA when compared with RT performed to muscle failure.
Short-Term Hypoxic Exposure and Training Improve Maximal Anaerobic Running Test Performance
Authors: Oriishi Marie , Matsubayashi Takeo , Kawahara Takashi , Suzuki Yasuhiro
Published: February 2017

Oriishi, M, Matsubayashi, T, Kawahara, T, and Suzuki, Y. Short-term hypoxic exposure and training improve maximal anaerobic running test performance. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 181–188, 2018—The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of short-term hypoxic exposure and training in the performance of competitive 400- or 800-m runners. Fifteen female competitive 400- and 800-m runners volunteered to participate and were assigned to either the hypoxic (n = 7) or normoxic (n = 8) group. The subjects completed 6 days of training. The hypoxic group trained and slept in normobaric hypoxia, with oxygen concentrations of 14.4 and 16.5% for training and sleep, respectively. The normoxic group trained and slept at sea level. The subjects completed 4 sprint and 5 endurance training sessions during the camp. The subjects underwent a maximal anaerobic running test before and 8 days after the training camp. The maximal power determined by the anaerobic running test improved significantly in the hypoxic group (p ≤ 0.05). Blood lactate concentration at submaximal running speed (275, 300, and 375 m·min−1) in the hypoxic group decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) after the training period. No significant changes in these values were found in the normoxic group. These results suggest that 6 days of hypoxic exposure and training enhanced performance and improved lactate metabolism in 400- and 800-m runners.
Effect of a Lower Extremity Preventive Training Program on Physical Performance Scores in Military Recruits
Authors: Peck Karen Y. , DiStefano Lindsay J. , Marshall Stephen W. , Padua Darin A. , Beutler Anthony I. , de la Motte Sarah J. , Frank Barnett S. , Martinez Jessica C. , Cameron Kenneth L.
Published: February 2017

Peck, KY, DiStefano, LJ, Marshall, SW, Padua, DA, Beutler, AI, de la Motte, SJ, Frank, BS, Martinez, JC, and Cameron, KL. Effect of a lower extremity preventive training program on physical performance scores in military recruits. J Strength Cond Res 31(11): 3146–3157, 2017—Exercise-based preventive training programs are designed to improve movement patterns associated with lower extremity injury risk; however, the impact of these programs on general physical fitness has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to compare fitness scores between participants in a preventive training program and a control group. One thousand sixty-eight freshmen from a U.S. Service Academy were cluster-randomized into either the intervention or control group during 6 weeks of summer training. The intervention group performed a preventive training program, specifically the Dynamic Integrated Movement Enhancement (DIME), which is designed to improve lower extremity movement patterns. The control group performed the Army Preparation Drill (PD), a warm-up designed to prepare soldiers for training. Main outcome measures were the Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) raw and scaled (for age and sex) scores. Independent t tests were used to assess between-group differences. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to control for the influence of confounding variables. Dynamic Integrated Movement Enhancement group participants completed the APFT 2-mile run 20 seconds faster compared with the PD group (p < 0.001), which corresponded with significantly higher scaled scores (p < 0.001). Army Physical Fitness Test push-up scores were significantly higher in the DIME group (p = 0.041), but there were no significant differences in APFT sit-up scores. The DIME group had significantly higher total APFT scores compared with the PD group (p < 0.001). Similar results were observed in multivariable models after controlling for sex and body mass index (BMI). Committing time to the implementation of a preventive training program does not appear to negatively affect fitness test scores.
Neuromuscular Training Improves Movement Competency and Physical Performance Measures in 11–13-Year-Old Female Netball Athletes
Authors: Hopper Amanda , Haff Erin E. , Barley Oliver R. , Joyce Christopher , Lloyd Rhodri S. , Haff G. Gregory
Published: February 2017

Hopper, A, Haff, EE, Barley, OR, Joyce, C, Lloyd, RS, and Haff, GG. Neuromuscular training improves movement competency and physical performance measures in 11–13-year-old female netball athletes. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1165–1176, 2017—The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a neuromuscular training (NMT) program on movement competency and measures of physical performance in youth female netball players. It was hypothesized that significant improvements would be found in movement competency and physical performance measures after the intervention. Twenty-three junior female netball players (age, 12.17 ± 0.94 years; height, 1.63 ± 0.08 m; weight, 51.81 ± 8.45 kg) completed a test battery before and after a 6-week training intervention. Thirteen of these athletes underwent 6 weeks of NMT, which incorporated plyometrics and resistance training. Trained athletes showed significant improvements in 20-m sprint time, 505 agility time, countermovement jump height, and peak power (p ≤ 0.05, g > 0.8). In addition, trained athletes significantly improved their score in the Netball Movement Screening Tool (NMST) (p < 0.05, g > −1.30); while the athletes also demonstrated increased reach in the anterior and posteromedial directions for the right leg and left leg, and in the posterolateral direction for the left leg only in the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) (p < 0.05, g > −0.03). Control subjects did not exhibit any significant changes during the 6-week period. Significant negative correlations were found between improved score on the NMST and decreased 5-, 10-, and 20-m sprint time, and 505 change of direction time (r > 0.4, p ≤ 0.05). Results of the study affirm the hypothesis that a 6-week NMT intervention can improve performance and movement competency in youth netball players.
Acute Effects of Partial-Body Cryotherapy on Isometric Strength: Maximum Handgrip Strength Evaluation
Authors: De Nardi Massimo , Pizzigalli Luisa , Benis Roberto , Caffaro Federica , Micheletti Cremasco Margherita
Published: February 2017

De Nardi, M, Pizzigalli, L, Benis, R, Caffaro, F, and Cremasco, MM. Acute effects of partial-body cryotherapy on isometric strength: maximum handgrip strength evaluation. J Strength Cond Res 31(12): 3497–3502, 2017—The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of a single partial-body cryotherapy (PBC) session on the maximum handgrip strength (JAMAR Hydraulic Hand dynamometer). Two hundred healthy adults were randomized into a PBC group and a control group (50 men and 50 women in each group). After the initial handgrip strength test (T0), the experimental group performed a 150-second session of PBC (temperature range between −130 and −160° C), whereas the control group stayed in a thermo neutral room (22.0 ± 0.5° C). Immediately after, both groups performed another handgrip strength test (T1). Data underlined that both groups showed an increase in handgrip strength values, especially the experimental group (Control: T0 = 39.48 kg, T1 = 40.01 kg; PBC: T0 = 39.61 kg, T1 = 41.34 kg). The analysis also reported a statistical effect related to gender (F = 491.99, P ≤ 0.05), with women showing lower handgrip strength values compared with men (women = 30.43 kg, men = 52.27 kg). Findings provide the first evidence that a single session of PBC leads to the improvement of muscle strength in healthy people. The results of the study imply that PBC could be performed also before a training session or a sport competition, to increase hand isometric strength.
Resistance Training–Induced Elevations in Muscular Strength in Trained Men Are Maintained After 2 Weeks of Detraining and Not Differentially Affected by Whey Protein Supplementation
Authors: Hwang Paul S. , Andre Thomas L. , McKinley-Barnard Sarah K. , Morales Marroquín Flor E. , Gann Joshua J. , Song Joon J. , Willoughby Darryn S.
Published: February 2017

Hwang, PS, Andre, TL, McKinley-Barnard, SK, Morales Marroquín, FE, Gann, JJ, Song, JJ, and Willoughby, DS. Resistance training–induced elevations in muscular strength in trained men are maintained after 2 weeks of detraining and not differentially affected by whey protein supplementation. J Strength Cond Res 31(4): 869–881, 2017—Resistance training (RT) with nutritional strategies incorporating whey protein intake postexercise can stimulate muscle protein synthesis and elicit hypertrophy. The early phases of training-induced anabolic responses can be attenuated with longer-term training. It is currently unknown if short-term detraining (DT) can restore these blunted anabolic responses during a subsequent retraining (ReT) period. Twenty resistance-trained men (age 20.95 ± 1.23 years; n = 20) were randomized into one of 2 groups (PRO or CHO; 25 g) in a double-blind manner. Participants followed a 4-day per week RT program (4-week RT; 2-week DT; 4-week ReT) while consuming their respective supplement only on workout days during RT and ReT, but every day during DT. At baseline, 4 weeks after RT (post-RT), 2 weeks after DT (post–2-week DT), and after 4 weeks of ReT after DT (post-ReT), leg press strength (LPS) was assessed and rectus femoris cross-sectional area and lean mass changes were assessed by ultrasonography and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, respectively. A factorial 2 × 4 (group by time) analyses of variance with repeated measures were used with a probability level at ≤0.05. LPS was elevated throughout the 10-week training study (p = 0.003) with no decrease in LPS after DT in both groups. Although not statistically significant, both groups retained lean mass after DT. A 2-week period of DT appeared to retain muscular strength in resistance-trained men. Therefore, a short-term period of DT can potentially retain lower-body strength in young resistance-trained men irrespective of supplementing with 25 g of whey protein postexercise.
Detection of Spatiotemporal Asymmetry in Pro Level Soccer Players
Authors: Knudsen Nikolas S. , Andersen Thomas B.
Published: February 2017

Knudsen, NS and Andersen, TB. Detection of spatiotemporal asymmetry in pro level soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 32(3): 798–804, 2018—Several papers have focused on change of direction (COD) asymmetry investigated through standardized tests, and used this information to provide some spatiotemporal insight during games. The aim of this study was to investigate asymmetry in the reachable areas of the players through actual position data from soccer games. Sixteen professional players from the Danish Superliga participated in this study, but 5 were excluded because of lack of participation throughout the investigated games. The reachable areas of the players were investigated at varying sprint velocities (1–7 m·s−1) and within varying time intervals (0.5–4 seconds). The analysis found 7 players having spatiotemporal asymmetries in their reachable areas (0.5–3%) and shift of center of reachable area (4–29 cm). Four players (LB, RB, DM, and CF) had spatiotemporal asymmetries that could be attributed to COD and thus physiological asymmetries, whereas 3 players (LCB, LW, and RW) had spatiotemporal asymmetries that might be caused by their position or by use of tactic. This type of asymmetry was named a tactical spatiotemporal asymmetry. Coaches with knowledge about spatiotemporal asymmetries can use these actively in their tactical approach using the players' asymmetries in synergy, using opponents' asymmetries or improving the existing postgame spatiotemporal analyzing tools.
Effects of Lower-Limb Strength Training on Agility, Repeated Sprinting With Changes of Direction, Leg Peak Power, and Neuromuscular Adaptations of Soccer Players
Authors: Hammami Mehréz , Negra Yassine , Billaut François , Hermassi Souhail , Shephard Roy J. , Chelly Mohamed Souhaiel
Published: February 2017

Hammami, M, Negra, Y, Billaut, F, Hermassi, S, Shephard, RJ, and Chelly, MS. Effects of lower-limb strength training on agility, repeated sprinting with changes of direction, leg peak power, and neuromuscular adaptations of soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 37–47, 2018—We examined the effects on explosive muscular performance of incorporating 8 weeks strength training into the preparation of junior male soccer players, allocating subjects between an experimental group (E, n = 19) and a matched control group (C, n = 12). Controls maintained their regular training program, but the experimental group replaced a part of this schedule by strength training. Performance was assessed using running times (5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 m), a sprint test with 180° turns (S180°), a 9-3-6-3-9 m sprint with backward and forward running (SBF), a 4 × 5 m sprint test with turns, repeated shuttle sprinting, repeated changes of direction, squat (SJ) and counter-movement (CMJ) jumping, back half-squatting, and a force–velocity test. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), and rectus femoris (RF) muscles was recorded during jumping. Two-way ANOVA showed significant gains in E relative to C during the straight sprint (all distances). Scores of E increased substantially (p ≤ 0.01) on S4 × 5 and SBF and moderately on S180°. Leg peak power, SJ, and CMJ were also enhanced, with significant increases in EMG activity. However, repeated-sprint parameters showed no significant changes. We conclude that biweekly strength training improves key components of performance in junior soccer players relative to standard in-season training.
Is Vertical Jump Height an Indicator of Athletes' Power Output in Different Sport Modalities?
Authors: Kons Rafael L. , Ache-Dias Jonathan , Detanico Daniele , Barth Jonathan , Dal Pupo Juliano
Published: February 2017

Kons, RL, Ache-Dias, J, Detanico, D, Barth, J, and Dal Pupo, J. Is vertical jump height an indicator of athletes' power output in different sports modalities? J Strength Cond Res 32(3): 708–715, 2018—This study aimed to identify whether the ratio standard is adequate for the scaling of peak power output (PPO) for body mass (BM) in athletes of different sports and to verify classification agreement for athletes involved in different sports using PPO scaled for BM and jump height (JH). One hundred and twenty-four male athletes divided into 3 different groups—combat sports, team sports, and runners—participated in this study. Participants performed the countermovement jump on a force plate. Peak power output and JH were calculated from the vertical ground reaction force. We found different allometric exponents for each modality, allowing the use of the ratio standard for team sports. For combat sports and runners, the ratio standard was not considered adequate, and therefore, a specific allometric exponent for these 2 groups was found. Significant correlations between adjusted PPO for BM (PPOADJ) and JH were found for all modalities, but it was higher for runners (r = 0.81) than team and combat sports (r = 0.63 and 0.65, respectively). Moderate agreement generated by the PPOADJ and JH was verified in team sports (k = 0.47) and running (k = 0.55) and fair agreement in combat sports (k = 0.29). We conclude that the ratio standard seems to be suitable only for team sports; for runners and combat sports, an allometric model seems adequate. The use of JH as an indicator of power output may be considered reasonable only for runners.
Acceleration Profile of Elite Gaelic Football Match Play
Authors: Ryan Martin , Malone Shane , Collins Kieran
Published: February 2017

Ryan, M, Malone, S, and Collins, K. An acceleration profile of elite Gaelic football match play. J Strength Cond Res 32(3): 812–820, 2018—The use of global positioning system (GPS) technology in Gaelic football is the primary source of quantifying game demands. The aim of this study was to quantify the acceleration profile of elite Gaelic football. Thirty-six elite male Gaelic football players (mean ± SD, age: 24 ± 6 years; height: 180 ± 7 cm; mass: 81 ± 7 kg) across 5 playing positions took part in a multiple study (n = 154 observations). Player movement was recorded during 19 (n = 19) competitive games over 2 seasons using 4-Hz GPS (VXSport, New Zealand). The average total distance (m), high-speed running distance (m; ≥17 km·h−1), and very high–speed running distance (m; ≥22 km·h−1) were recorded. In addition, the number (n), distance (m), and the duration of accelerations were quantified. Accelerations were subdivided into 14 equal parts of 5-minute epochs (E1 = 0–5 minutes, E2 = 5–10 minutes, E3 = 10–15 minutes etc). Players performed 166 ± 41 accelerations. High-speed running distance and very high–speed running distance was 1563 ± 605 and 524 ± 190 m, respectively. The mean acceleration distance was 267 ± 45 m distributed between 12 ± 5 accelerations per 5-minute epoch. The maximum acceleration epoch classified as the greatest distance covered accelerating during a predetermined 5-minute epoch was 296 ± 134 m. The PEAK epoch resulted in a significant reduction of acceleration distance covered in the period before and in the subsequent epoch. An understanding of the acceleration profile in Gaelic football can inform the prescription of appropriate training regimen.
Strength and Conditioning Practices in Adolescent Rugby Players: Relationship With Changes in Physical Qualities
Authors: Weakley Jonathon J.S. , Till Kevin , Darrall-Jones Joshua , Roe Gregory A.B. , Phibbs Padraic J. , Read Dale B. , Jones Ben L.
Published: February 2017

Weakley, JJS, Till, K, Darrall-Jones, J, Roe, GAB, Phibbs, PJ, Read, DB, and Jones, BL. Strength and conditioning practices in adolescent rugby players: relationship with changes in physical qualities. J Strength Cond Res 33(9): 2361–2369, 2019—Adolescent rugby players benefit from the implementation of resistance training. However resistance training practices and how they influence short-term physical change is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantify resistance training practices, evaluate physical development, and relate these changes to resistance training variables across 12 weeks in adolescent rugby union players. Thirty-five male adolescent rugby union players participated in the study with subjects completing an anthropometric and physical testing battery before and after a 12-week in-season mesocycle. Subjects recorded resistance training frequency, exercises, repetitions, load, minutes, and rating of perceived exertion for each session using weekly training diaries during the 12-week period. Paired sample t tests and Cohen's d effect sizes were used to assess change, whereas Pearson correlation coefficients assessed relationships between variables. Resistance training practices were variable, although significant (p ≤ 0.05) improvements in body mass, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, front squat, bench press, and chin-up strength were observed. Resistance training volume load had moderate to strong relationships with changes in CMJ (r = 0.71), chin up (r = 0.73), and bench press (r = 0.45). Frequency of upper and lower-body compound exercises had significant moderate to large relationships with changes in CMJ (r = 0.68), chin up (r = 0.65), and bench press (r = 0.41). Across a 12-week in-season period, adolescent rugby union players have varying resistance training practices, although anthropometric and physical characteristics seem to improve. Given the observed relationships, increased volume loads through the implementation of free-weight compound exercises could be an effective method for improving physical qualities in young rugby players.
Lack of Influence of Muscular Performance Parameters on Spatiotemporal Adaptations With Increased Running Velocity
Authors: Roche-Seruendo Luis E. , García-Pinillos Felipe , Haicaguerre Joana , Bataller-Cervero Ana V. , Soto-Hermoso Víctor M. , Latorre-Román Pedro Á.
Published: February 2017

Roche-Seruendo, LE, García-Pinillos, F, Haicaguerre, J, Bataller-Cervero, AV, Soto-Hermoso, VM, and Latorre-Román, PÁ. Lack of influence of muscular performance parameters on spatiotemporal adaptations with increased running velocity. J Strength Cond Res 32(2): 409–415, 2018—This study aimed to analyze the influence of muscular performance parameters on spatiotemporal gait characteristics during running when gradually increasing speed. Fifty-one recreationally trained male endurance runners (age, 28 ± 8 years) voluntarily participated in this study. Subjects performed a battery of jumping tests (squat jump, countermovement jump, and 20-cm drop jump), and after that, the subjects performed an incremental running test (10–20 km·h−1) on a motorized treadmill. Spatiotemporal parameters were measured using the OptoGait system. Cluster k-means analysis grouped subjects according to the jumping test performance, by obtaining a group of good jumpers (n = 19) and a group of bad jumpers (n = 32). With increased running velocity, contact time was shorter and flight time and step length were longer, whereas cadence and stride angle were greater (p < 0.001). No significant differences between groups (p ≥ 0.05) were found at any running speed. The results obtained indicate that increased running velocity produced no differences in spatiotemporal adaptations between those runners with good jumping ability and those with poor jumping ability. Based on that, it seems that muscular performance parameters do not play a key role in spatiotemporal adaptations experienced by recreational endurance runners with increased velocity. However, taken into consideration the well-known relationship between running performance and neuromuscular performance, the authors suggest that muscular performance parameters would be much more determinant in the presence of fatigue (exhausted condition) or in the case of considering other variables such as running economy or kinetic.
Importance, Reliability, and Usefulness of Acceleration Measures in Team Sports
Authors: Delaney Jace A. , Cummins Cloe J. , Thornton Heidi R. , Duthie Grant M.
Published: February 2017

Delaney, JA, Cummins, CJ, Thornton, HR, and Duthie, GM. Importance, reliability and usefulness of acceleration measures in team sports. J Strength Cond Res 32(12): 3494–3502, 2018—The ability to accelerate, decelerate, and change direction efficiently is imperative to successful team sports performance. Traditional intensity-based thresholds for acceleration and deceleration may be inappropriate for time-series data and have been shown to exhibit poor reliability, suggesting other techniques may be preferable. This study assessed movement data from one professional rugby league team throughout 2 full seasons and 1 preseason period. Using both 5 and 10 Hz global positioning systems (GPS) units, a range of acceleration-based variables were evaluated for their interunit reliability, ability to discriminate between positions, and associations with perceived muscle soreness. The reliability of 5 Hz global positioning systems for measuring acceleration and deceleration ranged from good to poor (CV = 3.7–27.1%), with the exception of high-intensity deceleration efforts (CV = 11.1–11.8%), the 10 Hz units exhibited moderate-to-good interunit reliability (CV = 1.2–6.9%). Reliability of average metrics (average acceleration/deceleration, average acceleration, and average deceleration) ranged from good to moderate (CV = 1.2–6.5%). Substantial differences were detected between positions using time spent accelerating and decelerating for all magnitudes, but these differences were less clear when considering the count or distance above acceleration/deceleration thresholds. All average metrics detected substantial differences between positions. All measures were similarly related to perceived muscle soreness, with the exception of high-intensity acceleration and deceleration counts. This study has proposed that averaging the acceleration/deceleration demands over an activity may be a more appropriate method compared with threshold-based methods, because a greater reliability between units, while not sacrificing sensitivity to within-subject and between-subject changes.
‘Satan Mourns Naked upon the Earth’: Locating Mormon Possession and Exorcism Rituals in the American Religious Landscape, 1830–1977
Authors: Taysom Stephen
Published: February 2017

Since its inception in 1830, an important feature of Mormonism has been its belief in a literal Devil and in the ability of the Devil to possess human beings. Despite the pervasiveness of these beliefs and practices, Mormon possession and exorcism is a largely unstudied phenomenon. What follows is a careful study of four historical accounts of Mormon exorcism rituals dating from 1830, 1839, 1888, and 1977, and their narrative presentations. This article traces the development of Mormon possession/exorcism beliefs and practices and situates them within their larger historical contexts. The article also describes the relationship between Mormon dispossession rituals and the dispossession rituals of Protestant and Catholic groups in American history and presents through a consideration of the impact of broader American cultural trends on the theory and practice of Mormon exorcism from 1830 to 1977.
Lineage Matters: DNA, Race, and Gene Talk in Judaism and Messianic Judaism
Authors: Imhoff Sarah , Kaell Hillary
Published: February 2017

Based on ethnographic and archival research conducted on North American Judaism and Messianic Judaism, this article argues that each group uses DNA in what appear to be sociologically similar ways but that actually differ profoundly at the theological level. Our analysis moves beyond DNA testing per se to focus on what anthropologist Kim Tallbear calls “gene talk,” referring to “the idea that essential truths about identity inhere in sequences of DNA.” Contrasting Jews and Messianic Jews, we demonstrate clearly what scholars have only begun to recognize: how theological commitments may drive investments in genetic science and interpretations of it. Further, we show how religiously significant identities associated with race, ethnicity, or lineage interact with DNA science, coming to be viewed as inalienable qualities that reside in the self but move beyond phenotype alone. Finally, we argue that gene talk in these contexts is a religiously inflected practice, which serves to binds communities and (implicitly or explicitly) authorize existing theological ideals.
Mathematical modeling links Wnt signaling to emergent patterns of metabolism in colon cancer
Authors: Lee Mary , Chen George T , Puttock Eric , Wang Kehui , Edwards Robert A , Waterman Marian L , Lowengrub John
Published: February 2017

Cell‐intrinsic metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer that provides anabolic support to cell proliferation. How reprogramming influences tumor heterogeneity or drug sensitivities is not well understood. Here, we report a self‐organizing spatial pattern of glycolysis in xenograft colon tumors where pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK1), a negative regulator of oxidative phosphorylation, is highly active in clusters of cells arranged in a spotted array. To understand this pattern, we developed a reaction–diffusion model that incorporates Wnt signaling, a pathway known to upregulate PDK1 and Warburg metabolism. Partial interference with Wnt alters the size and intensity of the spotted pattern in tumors and in the model. The model predicts that Wnt inhibition should trigger an increase in proteins that enhance the range of Wnt ligand diffusion. Not only was this prediction validated in xenograft tumors but similar patterns also emerge in radiochemotherapy‐treated colorectal cancer. The model also predicts that inhibitors that target glycolysis or Wnt signaling in combination should synergize and be more effective than each treatment individually. We validated this prediction in 3D colon tumor spheroids.
Metabolic pattern formation in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Dai Ziwei , Locasale Jason W
Published: February 2017

Metabolic alterations including increased glycolysis are a common feature of many cancers. In their recent study, Lowengrub, Waterman, and colleagues (Lee et al, ) report a spatial pattern of glycolysis in solid tumors that occurs within the tumor microenvironment. This spatial organization is linked to gradients derived from Wnt signaling and nutrient availability that mediate a reaction‐diffusion mechanism and is consistent with a Turing‐type model of spatial localization.
Prognostic factors in ectopic Cushing’s syndrome due to neuroendocrine tumors: a multicenter study
Authors: Davi’ Maria Vittoria , Cosaro Elisa , Piacentini Serena , Reimondo Giuseppe , Albiger Nora , Arnaldi Giorgio , Faggiano Antongiulio , Mantovani Giovanna , Fazio Nicola , Piovesan Alessandro , Arvat Emanuela , Grimaldi Franco , Canu Letizia , Mannelli Massimo , Ambrogio Alberto Giacinto , Pecori Giraldi Francesca , Martini Chiara , Lania Andrea , Albertelli Manuela , Ferone Diego , Zatelli Maria Chiara , Campana Davide , Colao Annamaria , Scaroni Carla , Terzolo Massimo , De Marinis Laura , Cingarlini Sara , Micciolo Rocco , Francia Giuseppe
Published: February 2017

Objective

Evidence is limited regarding outcome of patients with ectopic Cushing’s syndrome (ECS) due to neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).

Design

We assessed the prognostic factors affecting the survival of patients with NETs and ECS.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of clinicopathological features, severity of hormonal syndrome, treatments from a large cohort of patients with NETs and ECS collected from 17 Italian centers.

Results

Our series included 110 patients, 58.2% female, with mean (±s.d.) age at diagnosis of 49.5 ± 15.9 years. The main sources of ectopic ACTH were bronchial carcinoids (BC) (40.9%), occult tumors (22.7%) and pancreatic (p)NETs (15.5%). Curative surgery was performed in 56.7% (70.2% of BC, 11% of pNETs). Overall survival was significantly higher in BC compared with pNETs and occult tumors (P = 0.033) and in G1-NETs compared with G2 and G3 (P = 0.007). Negative predictive factors for survival were severity of hypercortisolism (P < 0.02), hypokalemia (P = 0.001), diabetes mellitus (P = 0.0146) and distant metastases (P < 0.001). Improved survival was observed in patients who underwent NET removal (P < 0.001). Adrenalectomy improved short-term survival.

Conclusions

Multiple factors affect prognosis of ECS patients: type of NET, grading, distant metastases, severity of hypercortisolism, hypokalemia and diabetes mellitus. BCs have the highest curative surgical rate and better survival compared with occult tumors and pNETs. Hypercortisolism plays a primary role in affecting outcome and quality of life; therefore, prompt and vigorous treatment of hormonal excess by NET surgery and medical therapy should be a key therapeutic goal. In refractory cases, adrenalectomy should be considered as it affects outcome positively at least in the first 2 years.