bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aportes de la filosofía jurídica al concepto persona
Authors: Alba Bermúdez Juan Manuel
Published: September 2021

The present study has the purpose of analyzing a concept widely approached by most scholars of the philosophy of law throughout the ages, we are referring without doubt to the term person. That is why we will review the most important and relevant ideas from ancient times to current thinking. The philosophical concept of person has a notorious role in the understanding of the human being and in modern debates both in politics, law and, of course, in ethics. The aforementioned problem has been studied from very different perspectives, however, many coincide in adopting a metaphysical attitude. Therefore, the ontological and legal implications of the concept of person will be analyzed, starting with greek philosophy, classical law and christianity.
Interrupting White Supremacy in Field Education
Authors: Gooding Anita , Mehrotra Gita R.
Published: September 2021

As social work’s signature pedagogy, field education socializes students into their professional roles as practitioners. However, for students and field instructors of color, racial microaggressions add another dimension to the practice experience. Utilizing findings from a qualitative study exploring the experiences of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) social work students and agency-based field instructors, this paper highlights experiences of microaggressions in field placement settings. Specifically, BIPOC students and field instructors described being tokenized in agencies, feeling invisible in placement settings, experiencing microaggressions from service users or students, and witnessing microaggressions. Experiences of microaggressions had emotional impacts, and affected participants’ sense of professional identity and confidence. Based on findings, we share recommendations for addressing racial microaggressions within social work field education in order to promote racial equity, including: grounding microaggressions in an ecological approach, unpacking the concept of professionalism, and building capacity of field instructors and agencies to respond to racism and microaggressions. Addressing microaggressions in field education is necessary to support BIPOC students in field placements, honor the work and well-being of racialized social workers who serve as field instructors, disrupt white supremacy, and move the social work field forward in regard to anti-racist practice.
Finding Shelter in the Storm
Authors: Riley Ann T. , Bewley Kirby , Butler-King Renea L. , Byers Lisa G. , Miller Christina R. , Dell Jennifer E. , Kendrick Charlotte  J.
Published: September 2021

This paper presents the case study of a 100+ year old school of social work recently shaken by acts of racial aggression targeted toward our Black/African American community. Following campus incidents that received national attention, minority social work students urged faculty to organize action to voice values of equity and justice, and to provide an intentional safe space within our school. In response, a volunteer faculty committee dedicated themselves to the group’s formation and implementation of the Undoing Racism Principles from the People’s Institute for Survival and Beyond (PISAB, n.d.), beginning internally and expanding outward. Representing multiple identities and positionalities of power, committee members use these principles to process our privilege. We reflect on our journeys with racism as social work educators and as individuals who are, and have been, influenced by internalized historical and contemporary racism. Guided by Pedagogy of the Oppressed (Freire 1970/ 2002) and Critical Race Theory (Sulé, 2020), the praxis of reflecting in-and-on our work has evolved (Schön, 1983, 1987). Authors share their personal experiences, professional impacts, and efforts to implement anti-racist pedagogy. Contextual implications for schools of social work that aim to become anti-racist within their implicit and explicit curricula are provided by this case study.
The Intrepid Elective
Authors: Jemal Alexis , Frasier Jenna
Published: September 2021

The field of social work has a professional and ethical commitment to social justice. However, scholars have identified potential dangers that may threaten that commitment. To transform dangers into opportunities that strengthen social justice service, schools of social work could incorporate critical pedagogy within the Master of Social Work (MSW) curriculum. By training future social workers in critical social work practice, social work education becomes an advocate for marginalized populations. If not educated from an anti-oppressive framework, social workers have the potential to harm, oppress, and control rather than support and serve. The weight of this responsibility and firsthand social work education experiences led to the development and implementation of an elective course in critical social work informed by the Critical Transformative Potential Development (CTPD) Framework. The course follows a method that puts the CTPD theory into practice to bridge the micro-macro divide by engaging students in actively dismantling ideologies and practices of dominance. The course aims to produce anti-oppressive social workers who can better navigate social justice terrain. A student’s perspective on the course highlights strengths and areas for improvement. Future iterations of this class or similar courses of study could be adapted by and adopted for other social work education institutions. Because social work education is fertile ground to plant seeds that will grow social workers rooted in anti-racism and anti-White supremacy, there is the opportunity, with a radical education, to transform the field in a critical direction, better prepared to overcome the social justice challenges of the era.
Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
Authors: Calvo Rocío , Bradley Samuel
Published: September 2021

For the last several years, the Boston College School of Social Work (BCSSW) has worked to deconstruct the hidden nature of whiteness rooted in theories, methods, and practices of education. To that end, the BCSSW created two strategies designed to foster systemic change: the Latinx Leadership Initiative and the Equity, Justice, and Inclusion Initiative. This study uses narrative analysis to examine these initiatives as catalysts of sustainable change. We dive deep into: (1) strategies designed to disrupt a White supremacy approach to the explicit and implicit curriculums; (2) activities to engage stakeholders on dismantling institutional racism. Our ultimate goal is to draw lessons that may be useful to the profession. To that end, we discuss knowledge gained concerning academic innovation, shared governance, and alternatives to an Eurocentric epistemological approach to social work. We also include implications for the profession concerning the incorporation and validation of non-White ways to understand human development, health, disease, diagnostics, and interventions; and present some of the strategies we developed to de-center whiteness and support BIPOC students in a White-majority institution of higher education.
The Obligation of White Women
Authors: Plummer Sara , Crutchfield Jandel , Stepteau-Watson Desiree
Published: September 2021

On Memorial Day 2020, a white woman, Amy Cooper, was walking her unleashed dog in New York City. After being apprised of the leash law in that state by a man bird watching, Ms. Cooper proceeded to call the police stating an “African American man” was “threatening her life and that of her dog” (Ransom, 2020). While this event may seem unconnected to the field of social work, it is a modern example of the way white women, including those in social work, use emotionality, bureaucracy, and the law to control Black bodies. Social work has been and continues to be, responsible for policies and practices that maintain white supremacy culture and criminalize Black people.
Abolishing Whiteness
Authors: Hanna Michele D. , Arnold-Renicker Heather , Garza Barbara
Published: September 2021

The power, privilege, and oppression paradigm that most schools of social work currently espouse to are often taught through an experiential approach to whiteness, privileging the majority of white students with the opportunity to explore their white identity at the expense of the learning of the Black/Brown, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) students in the classroom. Many BIPOC students experience these courses as a hostile environment, finding themselves and their racial group identified in contrast to whiteness – oppressed, marginalized, silenced, and powerless. This paper presents an innovative course outline using Critical Race Theory and Critical White Studies as theoretical frameworks to decenter whiteness and attend to the learning needs of BIPOC students. Using these two theoretical frameworks, students will learn the history of the racial hierarchy of humans; the social construction of whiteness, the evolution of anti-black racism and the extension to other people of color; and the relationship between white supremacy and racism.
Serum procalcitonin as a biomarker of sepsis
Authors: Konyak Nyamnyei , Marangmei Linda , Kuotsu Medo M. , Singh Laishram Chittaranjan , Devi L. Shaini , Devi S. Bhagyabati
Published: September 2021

Background: The overlap of clinical presentation between sepsis and SIRS has presented diagnostic difficulty in these two close common scenarios. Blood culture remains the gold standard for detection of specific micro-organism, the non-availability of culture report early and difficulty in culture of many organisms is a challenge in differentiation of sepsis from its mimickers. Keeping this background, a simple tool is needed to guide sepsis management while awaiting the culture report. Therefore, the present study is conducted to determine the procalcitonin level in the setting suspicious of sepsis and to differentiate it from SIRS. The objective of the study was to determine Serum procalcitonin level as a biomarker of early diagnosis of sepsis and also to differentiate sepsis from severe inflammatory response syndrome.Methods: Cross sectional study on 79 patients aged above 18 years with suspected sepsis admitted in medicine ward. Serum procalcitonin levels were measured and analysed to look for any association with sepsis.Results: Culture was positive in 41 patients and 38 patients were procalcitonin positive. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values of serum procalcitonin were found as 96.68%, 94.74%, 95% and 92.30% respectively.Conclusions: There was a significant association between serum procalcitonin and culture positivity. Procalcitonin levels was found to have high sensitivity and high positive predictive value which may aid in the early diagnosis and guide initiation of anti-microbial therapy in sepsis.
Active pulmonary Koch’s in a locally advanced recurrent head and neck malignancy: a case report
Authors: Umarane Shrikar S. , Patil Chaitanya R. , Bagul Kiran G. , Pawar Suraj B.
Published: September 2021

Even though the global incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has been showing a declining trend every year, it is still a significant public health problem in India. On the other hand, cancer has also been the reason for considerable mortality and morbidity across this population. The incidence of TB has been reportedly increasing in patients with both pulmonary and non-pulmonary cancers. Incidence of pulmonary TB in head and neck malignancy is around 3.1% to 6.6%. We present a case history of 50 years old with locally advanced recurrent head and neck malignancy with active pulmonary Koch’s. The decision was to provide him supportive care and treating the infection was pragmatic in spite of expected delay in anti-cancer treatment. It is extremely important to come up with a proper protocol for the need of prophylactic treatment, detection and the concurrent treatment of both cancer and TB.
Are children and young people more susceptible to the newer strains of SARS-CoV-2 than earlier ones? Current evidences
Authors: Bashar Abu , Begam Nazia
Published: September 2021

The clinical impact of the new SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 on children and young people (aged 18 years or younger) regarding acute respiratory COVID-19 is yet to be fully defined. Some media reports of increases in admissions to hospital and more serious illnesses in children and young people have resulted in Public chaos and panic and implicated the B.1.1.7 variant as a cause of more pathogenic infection within this group. The aim of the study was to present the currently available evidence of increase susceptibility of the children and young people COVID-19 towards the B.1.1.7 strain of SARS-CoV-2.
A PERCEPÇÃO ECOLÓGICA EM JOSÉ VIEIRA COUTO DE MAGALHÃES (1837-1898)
Authors: Bittencourt de Sousa Francisco Octávio
Published: September 2021

O texto foi escrito seguindo o método crítico histórico guiado pelos paradigmas da história ambiental acrescidos de reflexões antropológicas, e está interessado pelas formas como as sociedades concebem o meio ambiente e como mobilizam suportes mentais e materiais na relação com as naturezas. Buscou-se os elementos estruturantes da visão de Couto de Magalhães (1837-1898) a respeito da bacia hidrográfica do Tocantins-Araguaia, sua flora, fauna e a repertório cultural que orientou as reflexões naturalistas e econômicas desse militar do Império. Em seguida, fora exposto o aparelho discursivo e as representações que Couto de Magalhães possuía a respeito do ambiente e da relação que humanos deveriam manter com o rio e com os não-humanos. Não se trata de uma biografia. Partimos de Couto de Magalhães para identificar o espaço destinado a questões ambientais no debate político do Império.
POVOS INDÍGENAS, COLONIALISMO E MEIO-AMBIENTE - ARQUEOLOGIA DA CONTEMPORANEIDADE NA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Silva Fabíola Andréa
Published: September 2021

No Brasil republicano, as políticas governamentais de desenvolvimento econômico – especialmente nas regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste – vêm sendo motivadas pela premissa da ocupação territorial como estratégia de expansão dos espaços produtivos, e caracterizadas por deslocamentos populacionais e exploração dos recursos naturais regionais. Neste texto pretendo mostrar como este colonialismo interno têm afetado a vida do povo indígena Asurini do Xingu – que vive na T.I. Koatinemo, estado do Pará – no que se refere à produção e uso de seus bens culturais. Ao mesmo tempo, quero ressaltar a importância de uma arqueologia da contemporaneidade, na região amazônica, tendo em vista as múltiplas questões que são subjacentes ao problema da mudança climática.
Türkiye’de Çıkan Endüstriyel Yan Ürünlerin Dolgu Özellikleri Üzerine Deneysel Bir İnceleme
Authors: YİLDİRİM İ. Zeynep
Published: September 2021

Çelik cürufu ve uçucu kül sırasıyla çelik üretim tesislerinde ve termik santrallerde katı partiküller halinde ortaya çıkan endüstriyel yan ürünlerdir. Bu çalışmada dolgu uygulamalarında kullanılabilmeleri için, uçucu kül ve ağırlıkça %20 uçucu kül içeren çelik cürufu-uçucu kül karışımının özellikleri incelenmiştir. Uçucu kül ve çelik cürufu, özgül ağırlık, elek, hidrometre ve Atterberg limitleri deneyleriyle karakterize edilmiştir. Kompaksiyon davranışı standart Proktor deneyleriyle belirlenen yan ürünlerin ve karışımın hidrolik iletkenlik katsayıları düşen seviyeli permeabilite deneyleriyle belirlenmiştir. Yan ürünlerin ve karışımın kayma dayanımı parametreleri %100 Standart Proktor sıkılığında hazırlanan numuneler üzerinde yapılan kesme kutusu deneylerinin sonuçlarına göre değerlendirilmiştir. pH ve elektrik iletkenliği ölçümleri ve sızıntı suyu analizleri yapılarak malzemelerin kullanımıyla oluşabilecek çevresel risklerin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Kompaksiyon deneylerinde %80 çelik cürufu-%20 uçucu kül karışımı için elde edilen kuru birim hacim ağırlığı çelik cürufuna göre daha yüksek, karışma ait optimum su muhtevası çelik cürufuna göre daha düşüktür. Kesme kutusu deney sonuçlarına göre, deney-sonu sürtünme açısı, çelik cürufu ve uçucu kül için sırasıyla 40.1o ve 28.9o’dir. %80 çelik cürufu-%20 uçucu kül karışımının deney-sonu sürtünme açısı ise 37.8o’dir. Karışımın pik kayma dayanımı çelik cürufu için elde edilene yakın ve dolgu için kullanılan doğal kum malzemeleri için elde edilen değerlerin üst sınırı ile karşılaştırılabilir. pH ve elektrik iletkenliği ölçümleri, kullanılan yan ürünlerin korozif özellikler gösterebileceğine işaret etmektedir. Çelik cürufu ve uçucu kül numuneleri için yapılan sızma suyu analiz sonuçları çevre etkilerinin üretilen karışım için araştırılması gerektiğine işaret etmektedir.
Presentación
Authors: Pérez de las Heras Beatriz
Published: September 2021

La conclusión del acuerdo de comercio con el Reino Unido, los planes de recuperación post-Covid 19, el proceso de vacunación y la puesta en marcha de la Conferencia sobre el Futuro de Europa son algunos de los acontecimientos relevantes que han marcado los primeros meses de 2021 en la Unión Europea (UE). En este contexto evolutivo y cambiante, en el que la incertidumbre va abriendo un hueco a la esperanza, la UE sigue afrontando desafíos de gran calado, que no son nuevos y que persistirán en la fase post Covid, entre ellos, el cambio climático, la gestión de las fronteras, la inmigración o las amenazas a la seguridad internacional.
Capital relacional y crecimiento empresarial: efecto indirecto de la capacidad de asimilación en las empresas textiles y de confecciones
Authors: De la Gala Velásquez Bernardo , Hurtado Palomino Américo , Arredondo Salas Angela
Published: September 2021

La competitividad y el dinamismo de la industria textil exigen a las organizaciones desarrollar diversas estrategias para mejorar su crecimiento en el mercado. En este contexto, el capital relacional y la capacidad de asimilación del conocimiento juegan un rol importante para el crecimiento. El objetivo del estudio es analizar el efecto indirecto de la capacidad de asimilación en la relación entre capital relacional y crecimiento empresarial. La investigación se realizó sobre una muestra de 131 empresas textiles y de confecciones en Arequipa, mientras que para el análisis estadístico se aplicaron ecuaciones estructurales mediante mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS). Del análisis, se concluye que el capital relacional tiene un efecto positivo en el crecimiento empresarial y que, además, la capacidad de asimilación del conocimiento tiene un rol mediador en la relación. Estos resultados contribuyen al desarrollo teórico y práctico de las empresas textiles.
Teoria e história da arte: abordagens metodológicas
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Lima Ana Paula Camargo , Carli Christine De ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Oliveira Helder ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piacenza Luciana Bicalho ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Berriel Marina ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Sant'Anna Patrícia ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas
Published: September 2021

Apresentação e programação do II EHA.
Crônicas de caça e criação
Authors: Maciel Lucas da Costa
Published: September 2021

A publicação de Crônicas de caça e criação, de autoria de Uirá Garcia, deve ser celebrada. O livro é o resultado da trajetória de pesquisa e reflexão do autor com os Guajá por cerca de quinze anos. Além de ser um texto bem escrito, detalhado e bastante denso, a etnografia cobre uma série de temas hoje centrais ao pensamento etnológico. GARCIA, Uirá. Crônicas de caça e criação. São Paulo: Editora Hedra; Fapesp, 2018.
O indigenismo alternativo dos anos 1970-2000
Authors: Silveira Diego Omar
Published: September 2021

Resenha do livro O indigenismo alternativo dos anos 1970-2000: processos formativos na Operação Amazônia Nativa (OPAN). Campo Grande: UFMT, 2016. 140p. Autoria de Maria Dolores Campos Rebollar.
Footsteps
Authors: Moutu Andrew
Published: September 2021

"Footsteps" are a personal form of Strathernian relational aesthetics. An aesthetic response to dialogue with Marilyn Strathern.
Modelling the phenological development of cv. Touriga Nacional and Encruzado in the Dão Wine Region, Portugal
Authors: Rodrigues Pedro , Pedroso Vanda , Henriques Carla , Matos Ana , Reis Samuel , A. Santos João
Published: September 2021

The grapevine vegetative cycle, which is morphologically described by its phenological stages, is strongly determined by weather conditions. Phenological models are widely applied in viticulture and are based on the assumption that air temperature is the preponderant environmental factor which determines vine development. In this study, phenological development models (PDMs) were calibrated and validated to simulate several intermediate stages between budbreak and veraison for cv. Touriga Nacional (TN) and cv. Encruzado (EN) winegrape varieties, which are widely grown in the Dao Wine Region, Portugal. These are thermal models, with which the daily sum of the rate of forcing (R) was calculated using a sigmoid function. For this purpose, a high-quality and comprehensive dataset was used which combines phenology data and weather station data in several vineyard sites spread over the region. The model showed an overall high performance (global RMSE of 5.4 days for EN and 5.0 days for TN), although it depended on the phenological stage and variety. The RMSE ranged from 3.2 to 6.2 for TN, and from 3.9 to 6.8 for EN. For both varieties and in all phenological stages, the RMSE was significantly lower than the standard deviation of the phenological observations. For TN, the model efficiency was greater than 0.71 for all phenological stages. In future studies, these models will be combined with specific models that simulate the evolution of winegrape berry quality indicators commonly used for harvest decision support. The relatively low complexity of the selected PDMs enables their use as a crop management and decision support tool. To our knowledge, no previous studies have been carried out on either of these two varieties and their intermediate phenological timings. The present study is an illustration of conceivable model development under diverse environmental conditions, thus allowing similar approaches to be adopted in other wine regions on a worldwide scale.
Tarkhansky Ostrog of the 17th−18th centuries: directions of search and the beginning of research
Authors: Zakh V.A. , Tsembalyuk S.I. , Sidorova E.V. , Yudakova V.S.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this paper is to report on the process and results of locating the Russian fortress of Tarkhansky Ostrog of the 17th–18th centuries on the basis of information from written sources and cartographic materials directly related to the location of the site. The objectives of the research included preliminary identification of the presumable remains of the object by means of reconnaissance (20 sq. m) archaeological excavations and the use of geophysical methods (magnetometer mapping with Gem Systems GSM-19WG). This paper considers the information from chronicles, cartographic and written sources of the end of the 17th–19th centuries about Tarkhansky Ostrog, situated at the confluence of the Tura and Tobol Rivers in Western Siberia; the key milestones of its search, undertaken by our research team, and its prospective location and identification are reported. The basis of the investigation was formed by scanty written information about Tarkhansky Ostrog and by the cartographic materials of S.U. Remezov, as well as archaeological reconnaissance works carried out in modern times in the area of confluence of the rivers in the Yarkovsky district of Tyumen Oblast. G.F. Miller was mapping the Russian fortress to the place of the Tatar settlement of Tarkhan-kala, not far from the mouth of the river Tura, on the southeast side of Tobol. According to his description, the fortress was founded in 1628 and represented a citadel with a wooden fence and two turrets. P. A. Slovtsov wrote that Trakhansky Ostrog “at the mouth of the river Tura” was founded in 1631. Following the extensive analysis of the descriptions and cartographic materials, and as the result of the terrain analysis, an ancient butte (250 m  40 m) of a suplra-floodplain terrace was discovered in 2020 on a floodplain inundable during seasonal floods to the southwest of the village of Tarkhany. It corresponds with the description of Yatman hill given by G.F. Miller; even today some traces of, seemingly, “Kuchum’s outpost” can be seen on this height. In the southern part of the butte, we carried down a 4 m  5 m reconnaissance dig. The cultural deposit yielded scanty fragments of the Koptyaki Culture, Late Bronze Age, and Medieval ceramics, although mainly represented by shards of crockery manufactured on a potter’s wheel. Of the artefacts, a clasp knife, a brass thimble, a lead bullet, a gun flint, a lead strap seal, and a silver kopeck of Tsar Fyodor III Alekseyevich have been found. All the articles are dated to the 17th c., with the exception of the lead seal which belongs to the 19th c. With a high probability, we assume that the butte is associated with Tarkhansky Ostrog, although one can only talk about its decisive identification after large-scale archaeological investigations.
Economic and cultural types of the Turkic peoples of Siberia in scientific works of the mid-19th — first decades of the 21st century
Authors: Tomilov N.A.
Published: September 2021

The history of the Russian scientific research on the types of traditional culture of peoples using the scientific concept of economic-cultural types developed in the 1940s–1950s is analysed. The main attention is given to the scientific works on the economic-cultural types of the Turkic peoples of Western and Southern Siberia — the Tu-vans, the Chulyms, groups of the Siberian Tatars — Tomsk, Baraba, and Tobol-Irtysh,— mainly focused on the period of 18th — beginning of the 20th century. The aim of this paper is to clarify the level of knowledge of the types of traditional culture of these peoples and to determine future directions of research on the topic. The peri-ods of the study of the economic-cultural types have been identified. These are the 1950s–1970s, when a body of work on the typology of traditional culture was carried out and B.V. Andrianov and N.N. Cheboksarov developed their classification and published a worldwide map of economic-cultural types in 1972. Further on it is the period of the 1980s–1990s when the works in this direction were reducing and almost completely stopped in the first decades of the 21st century. However, it is at this time that the theory of integrated economic-cultural types has been formulated and tested during their study in different groups of the Siberian Tatars living predominantly in the transitional forest-steppe zone and combining components of the culture of populations with appropriative and productive types of economic activities. A task has been set to study economic complexes of the Tobol-Irtysh Tatars in the 17th–18th centuries aiming at the further use of obtained results in the development of an ethno-graphic classification of the types of traditional culture of the Turkic peoples of Western Siberia.
Anthropology of disease. In the wake of the Arctic Circle epidemics: field materials of I.S. Gurvich
Authors: Romanova E.N. , Stepanova L.B.
Published: September 2021

The unique body of materials collected by the Soviet ethnographer and the North scholar I.S. Gurvich (1919–1992) in places of compact residence of the indigenous peoples of Yakutia (the Yukagir expedition of 1959) for the first time determined scientific interest in the problem of medical anthropology, which reflected original ideas about diseases and health as a vital unity (body and soul), as well as symbolic “charging” of medical practices. The purpose of this research is an attempt to understand the spiritual experience of the peoples of Yakutia in the context of social, epidemiological, and climatic disasters. An interpretation of the visual image of epidemics in the traditional worldview of the indigenous peoples of Yakutia is given. The main object of this research, which recon-ciles the past and present, is the traditional world of long-lasting “perception” and “experience” of mass epidemics by indigenous people of the North. The methodological innovation of the paper is the study of colonial diseases in the framework of social and cognitive anthropology. With the example of local ideas about diseases and treatment in different ethnic communities of North Asia (the Yakuts, Evens, and Yukagirs), we analyze a complex socio-cultural phenomenon that emerged in the 17th century from the historical contacts between local and foreign origin cultures. The cultural dimension of the epidemic diseases within the borders of the Arctic circle, based on the historical and ethnographic sources of the Northern expeditions of the Soviet ethnologist I.S. Gurvich, is the first attempt of the cognitive analysis, the image of the disease and symbolic strategies for its prevention. A broad semiotic analysis of the concept of disease in the indigenous peoples of the Arctic at the level of linguistic, histori-cal, mythological, folklore and ritual texts allowed us to identify the original layer of demonological representations associated with mass epidemics and symbolic strategies for their prevention. Cultural codes of the demonic char-acter-disease (space, color, object, action, ritual) are identified. Sacred practices of influencing the disease were expressed in the following ways: foresight; conciliation; gifting/redemption; deception techniques; and deliverance. Dis-eases are personified and encoded using certain characters. Obviously, the semiotic system serving the image of dis-ease in the framework of the local ethno-cultural traditions reflected the local specifics.
Chronological relationship between the fortified settlement of Kamennyi Ambar
and the Kamennyi Ambar-5 cemetery in the Southern Trans-Urals: capabilities of the Bayesian statistics
Authors: Chechushkov I.V. , Epimakhov A.V.
Published: September 2021

By means of the Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates, a comparison of chronologies of the Kamennyi Ambar settlement and the cemetery of Kamennyi Ambar-5 of the Late Bronze Age Syntashta-Petrovka period has been carried out. Both sites are situated in the valley of the Karagaily-Ayat River in Kartalinsky district of Chelyab-insk Region (Russia). Comparison of the pottery assemblages of the settlement and the cemetery demonstrates their similarity, which suggests existence of a genetic link between the sites. The purpose of this work is devel-opment of a generalized chronological model of the two monuments. This is achieved by comparison of uncali-brated intervals of radiocarbon dates and calculation of chronological boundaries of the existence of the settle-ment and cemetery by means of Bayesian modeling of the calibrated dates. The method consists in that, in the beginning, the stratigraphic position of each date is determined, and then the dates suitable for the analysis are arranged in the chronological order and calibrated, while the algorithm of the OxCal 4.4 calibration program is queried for calculation of the boundaries of the given periods and their duration. Also, the paper reports complete sets of the radiocarbon dates: 61 dates have been obtained from the materials of the settlement of Kamennyi Ambar, while 19 measurements originate from the Kamennyi Ambar-5 cemetery. Correlation of the radiocarbon dates and development of the Bayesian chronological models have demonstrated contemporaneousness of the settlement and the cemetery with slightly later beginning of the activity at the latter. This observation is in agree-ment with the concept of the genetic link between the sites and, arguably, can be extended onto other pairs of fortified settlement — kurgan cemetery attributed to the Sintashta-Petrovka period. Our conclusion is also consis-tent with the concept of building the complex of monuments by a newly-arrived population, who founded a settle-ment, occupied the new territory for some time, while the first deaths occurred some time afterwards. That said, the settlement of Kamennyi Ambar existed for no longer than a century in the 1950s — 1860s BC, while the cemetery of Kamennyi Ambar-5 was used for 70–80 years within the same chronological interval.
Racial Disparities of E-Cigarette Use Among US Youths: 2014‒2019
Authors: Dai Hongying , Ramos Athena K. , Faseru Babalola , Hill Jennie L. , Sussman Steven Y.
Published: September 2021

Objectives To evaluate disparities in youth e-cigarette use patterns and flavor use by race/ethnicity over time.

Methods We used data from the US 2014–2019 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) to examine trends in dual use (co-use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes or other tobacco products), occasional (≤ 5 days) versus frequent use (≥ 20 days) in the past 30 days, and flavor use among current (past-30-day) e-cigarette users (n = 13 178) across racial/ethnic groups (non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanics/Latinos, and non-Hispanic others).

Results Among current e-cigarette users, dual use and occasional use decreased significantly from 2014 to 2019 across racial and ethnic groups except for non-Hispanic Blacks; frequent use and flavored e-cigarette use increased among non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics/Latinos, and non-Hispanic others but not among non-Hispanic Blacks. In 2019, non-Hispanic Black e-cigarette users were more likely to report dual use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5, 3.2; P < .001) and occasional use of e-cigarettes (AOR = 3.7; 95% CI = 2.3, 5.9; P < .001) but less likely to report frequent use (AOR = 0.2; 95% CI = 0.1, 0.4; P < .001) and flavored e-cigarette use (AOR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.3, 0.5; P < .001) than their White peers.

Conclusions Youth e-cigarette use patterns differed considerably across racial/ethnic groups, and tailored strategies to address disparities in e-cigarette use are needed. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(11):2050–2058. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306448 )
Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Guatemala
Authors: Martinez-Folgar Kevin , Alburez-Gutierrez Diego , Paniagua-Avila Alejandra , Ramirez-Zea Manuel , Bilal Usama
Published: September 2021

Objectives. To describe excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Guatemala during 2020 by week, age, sex, and place of death.

Methods. We used mortality data from 2015 to 2020, gathered through the vital registration system of Guatemala. We calculated weekly mortality rates, overall and stratified by age, sex, and place of death. We fitted a generalized additive model to calculate excess deaths, adjusting for seasonality and secular trends and compared excess deaths to the official COVID-19 mortality count.

Results. We found an initial decline of 26% in mortality rates during the first weeks of the pandemic in 2020, compared with 2015 to 2019. These declines were sustained through October 2020 for the population younger than 20 years and for deaths in public spaces and returned to normal from July onward in the population aged 20 to 39 years. We found a peak of 73% excess mortality in mid-July, especially in the population aged 40 years or older. We estimated a total of 8036 excess deaths (95% confidence interval = 7935, 8137) in 2020, 46% higher than the official COVID-19 mortality count.

Conclusions. The extent of this health crisis is underestimated when COVID-19 confirmed death counts are used. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(10): 1839–1846. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306452 )
Guest Editorial: Building Trust in Additive Manufacturing, Layer by Layer
Authors: Le Gallo Brice , Kandukuri Sastry Yagnanna
Published: September 2021

Nearly three-quarters (71%) of senior oil and gas professionals have sharpened their focus on digitalization over the past year, according to a 2021 survey by DNV (DNV Outlook). The pandemic has not only increased attention on how digital solutions can make organizations more adaptable and cost efficient, it has also forced companies to discard the normal rules and become more open to change.

While data collaboration, cloud-based applications, and remote surveillance top the investment priorities for the year ahead, a growing number of respondents (7%) see additive manufacturing (AM)—the industry equivalent of 3D printing—on their spending list.

As an emerging technology, AM uses 3D model data to fabricate parts, enabling, among other benefits, significant cost and time savings in contrast to many traditional manufacturing methods, where the final parts are machined out of a pre-made form. Its purpose is to alleviate and avoid long, expensive production shutdowns and reduce supply chain carbon footprints.

Building trust in “printed” parts is key to unlocking this potential.

Rapid, Reliable Reproduction The global AM market is expected to reach $350 billion by 2035 (DailyAlts 2021). The technology also has the potential to be enhanced by—or in the other direction, augment—other digital solutions, given it is based on a 3D file. Though accelerating at a slower rate compared to the aerospace and automotive industries, there is increased pressure to shorten the development cycle of components for the oil, gas, and renewables sectors and perform rapid proto-typing and testing of new, more sustain-able concepts.

New business models will be developed and a new way of thinking adopted by design engineers to fully utilize its potential (DNV Technology Outlook 2030). To support the digital transformation of the energy industry, DNV, which has been actively investigating the potential of AM since 2014, has unveiled a new service specification document to ensure AM products, assets, and systems are safe, economical, and efficient.

DNVGL-SE-0568 “Qualification of Additive Manufacturing Service Providers, Manufacturers, and Parts,” is part of a portfolio of six different AM-related standards and recommended practices (Fig. 1).
Production Logging, Openhole-Log Interpretation Help Discover New Oil Reserves
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: September 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 30644, “Discovery of New Oil Reserves by Combining Production Logging With Openhole-Log Interpretation in Low-Resistivity Pay,” by Xinlei Shi, Peichun Wang, and Jinxiu Xu, CNOOC, et al., prepared for the 2020 Offshore Technology Conference, originally scheduled to be held in Houston, 4–7 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2020 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.

In this paper, the authors examine the evaluation of a low-resistivity-pay siliciclastic reservoir in Bohai Bay, China. A significant amount of irreducible water is bound to the rock surface, dramatically lowering the resistivity of the pay zone. The authors explore a theory that the low resistivity is caused by bound water trapped in clay minerals, using production logging to provide the ground truth of reservoir fluids in the low-resistivity pay and improve the petrophysics model. With the improved model, production predictions were made for offset wells based on their openhole logs. The production histories of these wells are highly consistent with the authors’ predictions.

Introduction

LD oil field is in the eastern Bohai Sea, China, structurally in the transition zone between the Liaohe depression of the Tanlu fault and the Bozhong depression and at the dip end of the Bodong low uplift extending to the northeast. The main oil reservoirs are developed in the Guantao and Dongying formations. Reservoir depth ranges from approximately 1022.1 to 2585.8 m. Reservoir lithology is mainly sandstone and gravelly sandstone. The porosity distribution range of the Guantao formation is 24 to 30%. Permeability distribution range is 333 to 3333 md belonging to medium-high-porosity and - permeability reservoirs. The porosity distribution range of the Dongying formation is from 6 to 12%, and the permeability distribution range is from 3 to 33 md belonging to medium-low- porosity and -permeability reservoirs.
Increases of Phospho-Tau (Ser202/Thr205) in the Olfactory Regions Are Associated With Impaired EEG and Olfactory Behavior in Traumatic Brain Injury Mice
Authors: Yoon Younghyun , Seol YunHee , Kim Su-Hyun , Im Hyoenjoo , Han Hio-Been , Choi Jee Hyun , Ryu Hoon
Published: September 2021

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to long-term cognitive impairments with an increased risk for neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Among these various impairments, olfactory dysfunction is one of the most common symptoms in TBI patients. However, there are very few studies that show the association between olfactory dysfunction and repetitive TBI, which accounts for the majority of all head injuries. In this present study, we investigated the effects of repetitive TBI on olfactory functioning and the related pathological neuronal injuries in mice. Through pathological examination, we found a significant increase in p-Tau (S202/T205) in olfactory bulb-associated areas such as the Anterior Olfactory Nucleus (AON), Pyriform Cortex (PC), Tenia Tecta (TT), and Olfactory Tubercle (OT). Neuronal atrophy in the Lateral Anterior Olfactory Nucleus (AOL), Granule Layer Olfactory Bulb (GrO), and Dorsal Tenia Tecta (DTT) was also found to be correlated with p-Tau levels. Furthermore, electroencephalography (EEG) of repetitive TBI mouse models showed impaired spontaneous delta oscillation, as well as altered cross-frequency coupling between delta phase and amplitudes of the fast oscillations in the resting-state olfactory bulb. Also, abnormal alterations in EEG band powers were observed during the olfactory oddball paradigm test. This study provides evidence of pathological and physiological alterations in the mouse olfactory system caused by repetitive TBI. Together, p-Tau alterations and EEG impairments may serve as important biomarkers of olfactory track-associated dysfunctions and behavioral impairments commonly observed in repetitive TBI patients.
Goppa codes over Edwards curves
Authors: Filippone Giuseppe
Published: September 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
HnRNP G Reduces Neuron Death in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis by Preventing Abnormal TDP-43 Accumulation
Authors: Yang Fang , Chen Wenzhi , Zhu Yu , Jiang Shishi , Wang Xiaohua , Xu Renshi
Published: September 2021

Heterologous ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) G protein was found to significantly down-regulated in the spinal cord of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mouse model in our previous study, but the down-regulated effects of hnRNP G in ALS haven’t been known up to now. Therefore, we further studied the possible effects of hnRNP G on spinal neuron death in TG(SOD1*G93A)1Gur (TG) mice. Eighteen TG mice and eighteen SOD1 wild-type (WT) mice were divided into 6 groups. The hnRNP G of the spinal cord was analyzed using immunofluorescent histochemistry and Western blot. hnRNP G-siRNA was transfected into PC12 cells and observed the alteration of proliferation rate and intracellular proteins using the CCK8 and Western blot. We reported that the distribution of hnRNP G positive cells in the posterior horn was more than that in the central canal and its surrounding gray matter more than that in the anterior horn. hnRNP G protein mainly expressed in neurons. hnRNP G expression in the cervical and thoracic segments of TG mice in the pre-onset group was significantly higher than that in the control group. hnRNP G expression in the thoracic and lumbar segments of TG mice in onset group was lower than that in control group. hnRNP G expression in the cervical and thoracic segments of TG mice in progressive group decreased, while that in the lumbar segment of TG mice in progression group significantly increased. After hnRNP G was silenced, the proliferation rate of PC12 cells was slower than that in the control group, SOD1 expression didn’t significantly change, both TDP-43 and Bax expression significantly increased in PC12 cells after silenced. Our study revealed that the distribution of hnRNP G in the spinal cord of ALS mice showed the possible protective effect on the progression of ALS, its mechanism maybe prevent neuron death by reducing abnormal TDP-43 accumulation in the spinal cord of ALS-like mice.
Intrinsic Parametric Approach to Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment: A Case Study of Ijero Mining Site, Ijero-Ekiti.
Authors: Falade Ayodele O. , Oni Temitope E. , Oyeneyin Akinfolayan
Published: September 2021

The research was conducted to unravel the aquifer protective capacity and groundwater yield of the environment of a mining site at Ijero-Ekiti, Nigeria. The electrical resistivity method was employed and data gotten were used in combining the conventional longitudinal conductance and a new approach that indexes the resistivity and thickness considering some layers which could be protective and have low resistivity like clay material. The area is characterized by the Nigeria Basement Complex consisting of Precambrian rocks, made up of the migmatite gneiss, amphibole schist, quartzite, calc gneiss, schist biotite gneiss, biotite-schist, epidiorite, pegmatite and granite. A total of 9 points were sounded with maximum current electrode separation of 50 – 80 m. The sounding data were interpreted with the aid of partial curve-matching and computer iteration. Result of the interpretation of the geophysical data shows that the area is composed of variable subsurface layering that ranges from three to four layers. Groundwater potential zones were delineated based on the geo-electrical data. The study reveals that VES 1, 3, 4, 5 and 8 have high to medium groundwater potential. However, VES 2, 6 and 9 are characterized by low groundwater potential. The distinct aquifer protective zones identified in the study area using longitudinal conductance and geoelectric layer susceptibility indexing are poor and weak. The study has been able to detect the groundwater yield and the protective capacity of the overburden in the northeastern part of Ijero-Ekiti where a mining site is located using electrical method. Geochemical analysis of water and soil samples from the area is recommended to understand the right treatment required for some of the groundwater sources for drinking.
Dietary Sodium Restriction in the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs
Authors: Manikandan Sai Sidharth , Dhar Murali
Published: September 2021

Background: Non-pharmacological strategies such as lowering sodium intake aim to protect renal function and delay the initiation of renal replacement therapy. It might also be a cost-effective method to improve chronic kidney disease (CKD) prognosis. We decided to perform a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effects of low versus high sodium intake in adults with CKD. Results:Our search strategy yielded seven studies from six countries with 465 participants. The overall effect on restricted sodium intake favored reduction in systolic blood pressure with an overall mean difference of -6.14(95% CI: -9.52, -2.76) and reduction in diastolic blood pressure with a mean difference of -3.08 (95% CI: -4.62, -1.55). There was lowering of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), however the same was not statistically significant.Conclusion:The study found that restricted salt intake could significantly reduce systolic and diastolic BP. Further, multi-center RCTs for longer durations across different stages of CKD could effectively assess the effects of restricted sodium intake on vital parameters. Such study designs could also help clinicians identify the optimal intake of dietary sodium to achieve better renal and cardio vascular outcomes.