bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review from the Oxidative Stress to the Management of Related Diseases
Authors: Martemucci Giovanni , Fracchiolla Giuseppe , Muraglia Marilena , Tardugno Roberta , Dibenedetto Roberta Savina , D’Alessandro Angela Gabriella
Published: December 2023

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a growing disorder affecting thousands of people worldwide, especially in industrialised countries, increasing mortality. Oxidative stress, hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, inflammation, dysbiosis, abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidaemia and hypertension are important factors linked to MS clusters of different pathologies, such as diabesity, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders. All biochemical changes observed in MS, such as dysregulation in the glucose and lipid metabolism, immune response, endothelial cell function and intestinal microbiota, promote pathological bridges between metabolic syndrome, diabesity and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to summarise metabolic syndrome’s involvement in diabesity and highlight the link between MS and cardiovascular and neurological diseases. A better understanding of MS could promote a novel strategic approach to reduce MS comorbidities.
Impact of the ABO and RhD Blood Groups on the Evaluation of the Erythroprotective Potential of Fucoxanthin, β-Carotene, Gallic Acid, Quercetin and Ascorbic Acid as Therapeutic Agents against Oxidative Stress
Authors: González-Vega Ricardo Iván , Robles-García Miguel Ángel , Mendoza-Urizabel Litzy Yadira , Cárdenas-Enríquez Kelly Nabil , Ruiz-Cruz Saúl , Gutiérrez-Lomelí Melesio , Iturralde-García Rey David , Avila-Novoa María Guadalupe , Villalpando-Vargas Fridha Viridiana , Del-Toro-Sánchez Carmen Lizette
Published: December 2023

Previous studies detail that different blood groups are associated with incidence of oxidative stress-related diseases such as certain carcinomas. Bioactive compounds represent an alternative for preventing this oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to elucidate the impact of blood groups on the erythroprotective potential of fucoxanthin, β-Carotene, gallic acid, quercetin and ascorbic acid as therapeutic agents against oxidative stress. The impact of ABO blood groups on the erythroprotective potential was evaluated via the antioxidant capacity, blood biocompatibility, blood susceptibility and erythroprotective potential (membrane stabilization, in vitro photostability and antihemolytic activity). All tested antioxidants exhibited a high antioxidant capacity and presented the ability to inhibit ROO•-induced oxidative stress without compromising the cell membrane, providing erythroprotective effects dependent on the blood group, effects that increased in the presence of antigen A. These results are very important, since it has been documented that antigen A is associated with breast and skin cancer. These results revealed a probable relationship between different erythrocyte antigens with erythroprotective potential, highlighting the importance of bio-targeted drugs for groups most susceptible to certain chronic-degenerative pathologies. These compounds could be applied as additive, nutraceutical or encapsulated to improve their bioaccessibility.
Global Profiling of the Antioxidant Constituents in Chebulae Fructus Based on an Integrative Strategy of UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS, MS/MS Molecular Networking, and Spectrum-Effect Correlation
Authors: Wang Xiangdong , Xu Jian , Zhang Li-Hua , Yang Wenzhi , Yu Huijuan , Zhang Min , Wang Yuefei , Wu Hong-Hua
Published: December 2023

An integrative strategy of UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS analysis, MS/MS molecular networking (MN), in-house library search, and a collision cross-section (CCS) simulation and comparison was developed for the rapid characterization of the chemical constituents in Chebulae Fructus (CF). A total of 122 Constituents were identified, and most were phenolcarboxylic and tannic compounds. Subsequently, 1,3,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, terflavin A, 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, punicalagin B, chebulinic acid, chebulagic acid, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, and chebulic acid, among the 23 common constituents of CF, were screened out by UPLC-PDA fingerprinting and multivariate statistical analyses (HCA, PCA, and OPLS-DA). Then, Pearson’s correlation analysis and a grey relational analysis were performed for the spectrum-effect correlation between the UPLC fingerprints and the antioxidant capacity of CF, which was finally validated by an UPLC-DPPH• analysis for the main antioxidant constituents. Our study provides a global identification of CF constituents and contributes to the quality control and development of functional foods and preparations dedicated to CF.
High-Dimensional Mapping Entropy Method and Its Application in the Fault Diagnosis of Reciprocating Compressors
Authors: Chen Guijuan , Wang Xiao , Zhao Haiyang , Li Xue , Zhao Lixin
Published: December 2023

The effectiveness of feature extraction is a critical aspect of fault diagnosis for petrochemical machinery and equipment. Traditional entropy analysis methods are prone to disruption by noise, parameter sensitivity, and sudden entropy variations. This study establishes a high-dimensional mapping entropy (HDME) method characterized by robust noise resistance, addressing the issues of parameter sensitivity and inadequate noise suppression inherent in traditional feature extraction methodologies. A mapping theory of high-dimensional space based on kernel function pattern recognition is proposed, which reassembles the sample vector after phase space reconstruction of time series. The multi-scale high-dimensional mapping entropy (MHDME) and refined composite multi-scale high-dimensional mapping entropy (RCMHDME) algorithms are further studied based on the idea of refined composite multi-scale. Application to simulated signals shows that the suggested methods reduce parameter sensitivity and enhance entropy smoothness. The development of a methodology to identify faults through MHDME is proposed. This approach integrates signal preprocessing and intelligent preference techniques to achieve pattern recognition of reciprocating compressor bearings in various wear conditions. Moreover, the identification findings demonstrate that the suggested approach can effectively extract the characteristics of the signal and accurately distinguish the effects caused by different faults.
Characterizing Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria from Buffalo Milk Fermentation (Dadih) for Beef Biopreservation
Authors: Yuliana Tri , Tyano Farah Nabilla , Harlina Putri Widyanti , Cahyana Yana , Marta Herlina , Krama Annisa
Published: December 2023

Beef is a perishable food that can be naturally preserved using antimicrobial chemicals in a procedure known as biopreservation. Probiotic bacteria, or bacteria with the ability to create antimicrobial metabolites, are known as lactic acid bacteria. Fermented foods such as dadih, or fermented buffalo milk, from West Sumatra, Indonesia, contain lactic acid bacteria. This study aims to explore the existence of probiotic lactic acid bacteria in dadih and the effectiveness of utilizing lactic acid bacteria metabolites as biopreservatives in beef for nine days at 4 °C. The DK1 strain of lactic acid bacteria showed the most antibacterial metabolite activity against Salmonella sp. (11.5 mm) and Escherichia coli (13 mm) among the three isolates examined. Probiotic characteristics set the DK1 isolate apart; resistance test results showed over 106 CFU/mL, pH 2–4, a temperature range of 25 °C to 45 °C, and 0.3% bile salt. DK1 isolates tested positive for auto-aggregation 89.2% of the time. The co-aggregation test results for Salmonella sp. and E. coli reveal 46.9% and 53.1%, respectively. The findings of the bio preservation showed that, overall, treated beef contained fewer E. coli and other microorganisms than untreated meat. Furthermore, compared to control beef, metabolite-treated meat showed a shift in hue and a lower, more constant pH value.
Application of an Improved A* Algorithm for the Path Analysis of Urban Multi-Type Transportation Systems
Authors: Feng Yan , Zhang Weiwei , Zhu Jin
Published: December 2023

The modern urban transportation service network could be split into unrestricted and restricted networks depending on whether travelers face limitations in route selection. Along with the continuous expansion of the city, it is difficult for travelers to find a more reasonable travel solution when confronted with such a complex transportation service network, which combines both unrestricted and restricted networks, especially for the park-and-ride (P&R) travel mode. This paper addresses the issue of route analysis in modern urban transportation service systems to provide travelers with reasonable travel solutions based on multiple types of transportation services. An improved A* algorithm is proposed to address the optimal path analysis for restricted networks to provide reasonable travel solutions for public transportation trips. Furthermore, by establishing the topological relationship between restricted and unrestricted networks, this paper presented an improved A* algorithm based on hybrid networks that solves the optimal path analysis problem for P&R trips, bringing convenience to many urban travelers.
A Dataset of Pulsed Thermography for Automated Defect Depth Estimation
Authors: Wei Ziang , Osman Ahmad , Valeske Bernd , Maldague Xavier
Published: December 2023

Pulsed thermography is an established nondestructive evaluation technology that excels at detecting and characterizing subsurface defects within specimens. A critical challenge in this domain is the accurate estimation of defect depth. In this paper, a new publicly accessible pulsed infrared dataset for PVC specimens is introduced. It was enriched with 3D positional information to advance research in this area. To ensure the labeling quality, a comparative analysis of two distinct data labeling methods was conducted. The first method is based on human domain expertise, while the second method relies on 3D CAD images. The analysis showed that the CAD-based labeling method noticeably enhanced the precision of defect dimension quantification. Additionally, a sophisticated deep learning model was employed on the data, which were preprocessed by different methods to predict both the two-dimensional coordinates and the depth of the identified defects.
An Improved Data-Driven Integral Sliding-Mode Control and Its Automation Application
Authors: Xu Feng , Sui Zhen , Wang Yulong , Xu Jianliang
Published: December 2023

Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers are widely used in industrial production due to their high combustion efficiency, low pollutant emissions and wide load-adjustment range. However, the water-level-control system of a CFB boiler exhibits time-varying behavior and nonlinearity, which affect the control performance of the industrial system. This paper proposes a novel data-driven adaptive integral sliding-mode control (ISMC) method for the CFB control system with external disturbances. Firstly, the scheme designs a discrete ISMC law based on the full-format dynamic linearization (FFDL) data model, which is equivalent to a nonlinear system. Furthermore, a new reaching law is proposed to quickly drive the system state onto the sliding-mode surface. The improved ISMC control scheme only utilizes the input–output data during the design process and does not require model information. After theoretically verifying the stability of the method proposed in this paper, it is further applied in MIMO systems. Finally, the control and practical effects of this method are evaluated by using the DHX25-1.25 CFB boiler installed in the special-equipment testing center. The experimental results show that, compared with the traditional sliding-mode control (SMC) and model-free adaptive-control (MFAC) methods, the improved control method can quickly track the given signal and exhibit resistance to noise interference. Furthermore, it can rapidly respond to changes in the working conditions of the CFB system.
Radiometric, Mechanical and Agronomic Characterization of Four Commercial Polymeric Films for Greenhouse Applications
Authors: Franco John Eloy , Rodríguez-Arroyo Jesus Antonio , Jiménez-Lao Rafael , Garzón Eduardo , Lao María Teresa
Published: December 2023

The objective of this work was the study of four experimental plastic covers (EPCs) to assess the improvement in microclimatic conditions inside a greenhouse. This experiment was based on the comparison of four trilayer plastics: blue, grey, yellow and colorless ECPs. Radiometric and mechanical properties were studied along with the films’ behavior under semi-field conditions through their microclimate parameters. The results show that the addition of the blue pigment causes a considerable reduction in transmission (32.04%) with a reduction in the maximum temperature (+9.8 °C) compared to the other films (14% for grey, 52% for yellow and 46% for colorless). The anti-thermal additive used in the grey EPC did not achieve the desired effect, since it reduced both the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) (62.33%) and near-infrared radiation (NIR) (62.83%) transmission equally. None of the EPCs achieved a PAR/NIR ratio greater than 1 (0.52 for blue, 0.99 for grey, 0.98 for yellow and 0.99 for colorless). Hindered amine light stabilizers (HALSs) photo-stabilizing additives block UV-A radiation (36.85 for grey) more efficiently compared to nickel quenchers (38.64 for yellow), as they allow earlier PAR transmission. The tensile test showed that all the EPCs manifested a linear relationship between stress and deformation, which defines Young’s modulus.
A Photonic Label-Free Biosensor to Detect Salmonella spp. in Fresh Vegetables and Meat
Authors: Fernández Blanco Ana , Hernández Pérez Manuel , Moreno Trigos Yolanda , García-Hernández Jorge
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a method that can be used to detect and identify Salmonella spp. in fresh meat and vegetable samples using a photonic biosensor with specialized bioreceptors. Detection was based on photon transduction. Silicon-nitride-based resonant cavities were used to capture the change in light response when there is specific binding of the immobilized antibody to the sensor surface against the target antigen. A control immobilization experiment was conducted to validate the immobilization process on the biosensor surface prior to biofunctionalization for Salmonella spp. detection. This experiment involved immobilization of pre-selected antibodies on silicon nitride surfaces. Two types of antibodies were suitable. The first was a specific polyclonal antibody with superior antigen-binding capacity across a wide range of concentrations. The second was a monoclonal antibody designed for effective binding at lower concentrations. Rigorous validation was performed. The outcomes were compared with those of the habitual method used to detect Salmonella spp. (reference method). Replicates from different batches of contaminated meat and vegetable samples were analyzed. This comprehensive approach provides a methodologically robust, highly sensitive, and accurate way of rapidly detecting Salmonella spp. in food samples. It has potential implications for improved food safety and quality control.
Deep Learning-Based Oyster Packaging System
Authors: Zhang Ruihua , Chen Xujun , Wan Zhengzhong , Wang Meng , Xiao Xinqing
Published: December 2023

With the deepening understanding of the nutritional value of oysters by consumers, oysters as high-quality seafood are gradually entering the market. Raw edible oyster production lines mainly rely on manual sorting and packaging, which hinders the improvement of oyster packaging efficiency and quality, and it is easy to cause secondary oyster pollution and cross-contamination, which results in the waste of oysters. To enhance the production efficiency, technical level, and hygiene safety of the raw aquatic products production line, this study proposes and constructs a deep learning-based oyster packaging system. The system achieves intelligence and automation of the oyster packaging production line by integrating the deep learning algorithm, machine vision technology, and mechanical arm control technology. The oyster visual perception model is established by deep learning object detection techniques to realize fast and real-time detection of oysters. Using a simple online real-time tracking (SORT) algorithm, the grasping position of the oyster can be predicted, which enables dynamic grasping. Utilizing mechanical arm control technology, an automatic oyster packaging production line was designed and constructed to realize the automated grasping and packaging of raw edible oysters, which improves the efficiency and quality of oyster packaging. System tests showed that the absolute error in oyster pose estimation was less than 7 mm, which allowed the mechanical claw to consistently grasp and transport oysters. The static grasping and packing of a single oyster took about 7.8 s, and the success rate of grasping was 94.44%. The success rate of grasping under different transportation speeds was above 68%.
Manipulating Underfoot Tactile Perceptions of Flooring Materials in Augmented Virtuality
Authors: Topliss Jack , Lukosch Stephan , Coutts Euan , Piumsomboon Tham
Published: December 2023

Underfoot haptics, a largely unexplored area, offers rich tactile information close to that of hand-based interactions. Haptic feedback gives a sense of physicality to virtual environments, making for a more realistic and immersive experience. Augmented Virtuality offers the ability to render virtual materials on a physical object, or haptic proxy, without the user being aware of the object’s physical appearance while seeing their own body. In this research, we investigate how the visual appearance of physical objects can be altered virtually to impact the tactile perception of the object. An Augmented Virtuality system was developed to explore this, and two tactile perception experiments, consisting of 18 participants, were conducted. Specifically, we explore whether changing the visual appearance of materials affects a person’s underfoot tactile perception and which tactile perception is most affected by the change through a within-subjects experiment. Additionally, the study examines whether people are aware of changes in visual appearance when focused on other tasks through a between-subjects experiment. The study showed that a change in visual appearance significantly impacts the tactile perception of roughness. Matching visual appearance to physical materials was found to increase awareness of tactile perception.
Optimal Training Dataset Preparation for AI-Supported Multilanguage Real-Time OCRs Using Visual Methods
Authors: Biró Attila , Szilágyi Sándor Miklós , Szilágyi László
Published: December 2023

In the realm of multilingual, AI-powered, real-time optical character recognition systems, this research explores the creation of an optimal, vocabulary-based training dataset. This comprehensive endeavor seeks to encompass a range of criteria: comprehensive language representation, high-quality and diverse data, balanced datasets, contextual understanding, domain-specific adaptation, robustness and noise tolerance, and scalability and extensibility. The approach aims to leverage techniques like convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, convolutional recurrent neural networks, and single visual models for scene text recognition. While focusing on English, Hungarian, and Japanese as representative languages, the proposed methodology can be extended to any existing or even synthesized languages. The development of accurate, efficient, and versatile OCR systems is at the core of this research, offering societal benefits by bridging global communication gaps, ensuring reliability in diverse environments, and demonstrating the adaptability of AI to evolving needs. This work not only mirrors the state of the art in the field but also paves new paths for future innovation, accentuating the importance of sustained research in advancing AI’s potential to shape societal development.
Femtosecond Pulsed Laser Irradiation of Zirconia for Embedding Silver Nanoparticles in Surface Nanopores
Authors: Yamamuro Yuka , Shimoyama Tomotaka , Nagata Hiroya , Yan Jiwang
Published: December 2023

Femtosecond pulsed laser irradiation was performed to investigate the feasibility and fundamental characteristics of embedding silver nanoparticles onto zirconia ceramic surfaces. By irradiating laser, nanopores were fabricated on the surface of the yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrate, and silver nanoparticles were infiltrated and immobilized into the pores using a commercial nano-silver dispersion solution. Numerous nanopores embedded with silver nanoparticles were successfully obtained on the YSZ surface while keeping the grains’ shapes unchanged by controlling laser parameters. Optimizing laser fluence and scanning speed near the ablation threshold made it possible to remove only the excess dispersant that remained on the surface while keeping silver in the pores and without causing machining of the surface of the YSZ substrate. In addition, about 60% embedding in the nanopores was achieved. It was found that the shorter pulse width was suitable to avoid evaporating both dispersant and silver. Cross-sectional observation revealed that the silver nanoparticles were agglomerated to form clumps and were embedded without a gap at the bottom of the pores at a depth of about 600 nm. After laser irradiation, no significant laser-induced phase change was observed in the YSZ substrate, indicating that there was no in-process thermal damage to the bulk. These findings demonstrated the possibility of adding a metal nanoparticle to the zirconia surface by using only a laser process without damaging the properties of the base material during the process. New applications of zirconia, such as the generation of functional surfaces with antibacterial properties, are expected.
An Integrated Approach for Designing and Analyzing Lumbar Vertebral Biomodels with Artificial Disc Replacement
Authors: Darwich Mhd Ayham , Ebrahem Katreen , Shash Maysaa , Nazha Hasan Mhd , Szávai Szabolcs , Zhang Yicha , Juhre Daniel
Published: December 2023

This study aims to develop an integrated approach for 3D lumbar vertebral biomodel design and analysis, specifically targeting unilevel disc degeneration and the replacement of lumbar artificial discs. Key objectives include improving existing design methods through 3D techniques, inverse modeling, and an engineering biomodel preparation protocol. Additionally, the study evaluates mechanical properties in the implantation area and between disc components to gauge the effectiveness of artificial discs in restoring functional movement within the studied biological model. The construction of a biological model representing the L3–L4 functional spinal unit was based on measurements from radiographic images and computed tomography data obtained from the study sample. The 3D finite element method in Ansys software (v. 19.2, ANSYS, Inc., Canonsburg, PA, USA) was used to monitor the distribution of equivalent stress values within the core of the two artificial discs and the behavior of vertebral bone components in the model. This approach enabled the creation of personalized digital models tailored to the specific implantation requirements of each patient. Stress analysis identified critical areas within the disc cores, suggesting potential design modifications to optimize artificial disc performance, such as selectively increasing core thickness in specific regions and considering adjustments during implantation. For example, preserving part of the lateral annulus fibrosus from the degenerative disc and maintaining the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments may play a crucial role in balancing the forces and moments experienced by the lumbar section. This study provides valuable insights into the development of patient-specific solutions for lumbar disc degeneration cases, with the potential for enhancing artificial disc design and implantation techniques for improved functional outcomes.
Global Per Capita CO2 Emission Trends
Authors: Yang Shuai , Wang Xuemei , Ge Zhongxi , Dong Guanyu , Ma Mingguo , Han Xujun
Published: December 2023

In recent years, carbon emissions have become a hot spot issue, and countries have made efforts to control the increasing rate of CO2 concentration. Prior studies have mainly focused on the national total carbon emissions, but per capita carbon emissions are still poorly known. Here, we used multiple economic development indices to investigate the dynamics of per capita carbon emissions. Additionally, we used the Mann–Kendall test to assess the directions and magnitudes of trends and to investigate abrupt changes in per capita carbon emissions. Our results showed the highest positive growth rate of 0.439 mts/yr in Oman, and the highest negative growth rate of −0.462 mts/yr in the United Arab Emirates. Hurst Index analysis showed that about 86% of countries will keep the current trends of carbon emissions if current mitigation measures remain unchanged. Furthermore, we analyzed the shift in the center of gravity for per capita carbon emissions and used the contribution decomposition method to identify the drivers for the shift, which changed direction in 2004. The main driver behind the westward shift in the gravity center before 2004 was the fact that carbon emissions grew more strongly in the west than in the east before 2004, while the driver for behind the eastward shift in the gravity center after 2004 was a combination of emission reductions in the west and emission increases in the east. Our results highlighted the importance of understanding that the per capita CO2 emissions are clearly defined within the context of global carbon neutrality, which can help policymakers set more reasonable targets with which to better achieve carbon neutrality goals.
On Rayleigh–Taylor Dynamics
Authors: Rahimyar Abdul Hasib , Hill Des , Glimm James , Abarzhi Snezhana
Published: December 2023

In this work, we theoretically and numerically investigate Rayleigh–Taylor dynamics with constant acceleration. On the side of theory, we employ the group theory approach to directly link the governing equations to the momentum model, and to precisely derive the buoyancy and drag parameters for the bubble and spike in the linear, nonlinear, and mixing regimes. On the side of simulations, we analyze numerical data on Rayleigh–Taylor mixing by applying independent self-similar processes associated with the growth of the bubble amplitude and with the bubble merger. Based on the obtained results, we reveal the constituents governing Rayleigh–Taylor dynamics in the linear, nonlinear, and mixing regimes. We outline the implications of our considerations for experiments in plasmas, including inertial confinement fusion.
Antinociceptive Effect of the Combination of a Novel α4β2* Agonist with Donepezil in a Chronic Pain Model
Authors: Monte Fernanda B. de M. , Montagnoli Tadeu L. , Dematté Bruno E. , Gubert Fernanda , Ventura Vitória S. , da Silva Jaqueline S. , Trachez Margarete M. , Mendez-Otero Rosalia , Zapata-Sudo Gisele
Published: December 2023

Chronic pain presents a major challenge in contemporary medicine, given the limited effectiveness and numerous adverse effects linked to available treatments. Recognizing the potential of the cholinergic pathway as a therapeutic target, the present work evaluates the antinociceptive activity of a combination of Cris-104, a novel α4β2* receptor agonist, and donepezil, a central anticholinesterase agent. Isobolographic analysis revealed that equimolar combination was approximately 10 times more potent than theoretically calculated equipotent additive dose. Administration of Cris-104 and donepezil combination (3 μmol/kg) successfully reversed hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia observed in rats subjected to spinal nerve ligation (SNL). The combination also modulated neuroinflammation by reducing astrocyte activation, evident in the decreased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the spinal cord. The observed synergism in combining a nicotinic receptor agonist with an anticholinesterase agent underscores its potential for treating chronic pain. This alternative therapeutic distinct advantage, including dose reduction and high selectivity for the receptor, contribute to a more favorable profile with minimized adverse effects.
Modification of Peripheral Blood Flow and Angiogenesis by CO2 Water-Bath Therapy in Diabetic Skeletal Muscle with or without Ischemia
Authors: Elimban Vijayan , Xu Yan-Jun , Bhullar Sukhwinder K. , Dhalla Naranjan S.
Published: December 2023

Previously, it was shown that both blood flow and angiogenesis in the ischemic hind limb of diabetic rats were increased upon CO2 treatment for 4 weeks. In the present study, we have compared the effects of 6 weeks CO2 therapy in diabetic rats with or without peripheral ischemia. Diabetes was induced in rats by a tail vein injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg body weight), whereas peripheral ischemia was produced by occluding the femoral artery at 2 weeks of inducing diabetes. Both diabetic and diabetic-ischemic animals were treated with or without CO2 water-bath at 37 °C for 6 weeks (30 min/day; 5 days/week) starting at 2 weeks, after the induction of ischemia. CO2 treatment did not affect heart rate and R-R interval as well as plasma levels of creatine kinase, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoproteins. Unlike the levels of plasma Ox-LDL, MDA and TNF-α, the levels of NO in diabetic group were increased by CO2 water-bath treatment. On the other hand, the levels of plasma Ox-LDL and MDA were decreased whereas that of NO was increased without any changes in TNF-α level in diabetic-ischemic animals upon CO2 therapy. Treatment of diabetic animals with CO2 increased peak, mean and minimal blood flow by 20, 49 and 43% whereas these values were increased by 53, 26 and 80% in the diabetic-ischemic group by CO2 therapy, respectively. Blood vessel count in diabetic and diabetic-ischemic skeletal muscles was increased by 73 and 136% by CO2 therapy, respectively. These data indicate that peripheral ischemia augmented the increase in blood flow and development of angiogenesis in diabetic skeletal muscle upon CO2 therapy. It is suggested that greater beneficial effects of CO2 therapy in diabetic-ischemic animals in comparison to diabetic group may be a consequence of difference of changes in the redox-sensitive signal transduction mechanisms.
The Preserflo MicroShunt Affects Microvascular Flow Density in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Storp Jens Julian , Schatten Hannah , Vietmeier Friederike Elisabeth , Merté Ralph-Laurent , Lahme Larissa , Zimmermann Julian Alexander , Englmaier Verena Anna , Eter Nicole , Brücher Viktoria Constanze
Published: December 2023

Intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering surgery has been shown to alter microvascular density in glaucoma patients. The aim of this study is to report changes in retinal flow density (FD) over the course of treatment with the Preserflo MicroShunt, using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). 34 eyes from 34 patients who underwent Preserflo MicroShunt implantation were prospectively enrolled in this study. OCTA imaging was conducted at the superficial (SCP), deep (DCP) and radial peripapillary plexus (RPC) levels. The progression of FD and IOP was assessed at different time points from baseline to six months postoperatively for the entire patient population, as well as disease severity subgroups. The Preserflo MicroShunt achieved a significant reduction in IOP over the course of six months (median: 8 mmHg; p < 0.01). FD values of the SCP and DCP did not show significant fluctuations, even after adjusting for disease severity. FD of the RPC decreased significantly over the course of six months postoperatively from 42.31 at baseline to 39.59 at six months postoperatively (p < 0.01). The decrease in peripapillary FD was strongest in patients with advanced glaucoma (median: −3.58). These observations hint towards dysfunctional autoregulatory mechanisms in capillaries surrounding the optic nerve head in advanced glaucoma. In comparison, the microvascular structure of the macula appeared more resilient to changes in IOP.
“Try to Build This Bunny as Fast as Possible without Using Red or Pink Bricks”: How Simple Assembly Tasks Might Aid in Detecting People with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
Authors: Trapp Wolfgang , Heid Andreas , Röder Susanne , Wimmer Franziska , Weiß Helmar , Hajak Göran
Published: December 2023

(1) Background: Dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are still underdiagnosed in the general population. Impaired odor identification has been identified as an early marker of MCI and dementia. We aim to investigate whether short tasks, in which simple forms must be assembled from single building blocks based on a template or while considering specific re-strictions, could increase the diagnostic quality of established cognitive screening tests in detecting MCI or dementia. (2) Methods: A brief assembly test, where participants had to assemble simple animal shapes from Lego® Duplo® building blocks, the Frontal Assessment Battery, and the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) were administered to a consecutive series of 197 patients (89 with mild dementia, 62 with mild cognitive impairment, and 46 without cognitive impairment) referred for neuropsychological testing. (3) Results: Both participants with dementia and with MCI performed badly in the assembly tasks. The assembly tasks and the Frontal Assessment Battery were substantially correlated. Complementing MMSE scores with the assembly tasks improved the diagnostic accuracy of individuals with dementia and MCI. (4) Conclusions: People with suspected dementia or MCI may already benefit from simple assembly tasks. Although these tests require little additional time, they can notably increase sensitivity for dementia or MCI.
Effects of Sleep Deprivation and Hazard Types on the Visual Search Patterns and Hazard Response Times of Taxi Drivers
Authors: Sun Long , Zhang Meiqi , Qiu Yuanbo , Zhang Changlu
Published: December 2023

The present study attempted to explore the effects of sleep deprivation on the visual search patterns and hazard response times of taxi drivers when they encountered different types of hazards. A two (driver groups: sleep deprivation or control) × two (hazard types: covert hazard or overt hazard) mixed experimental design was employed. A total of 60 drivers were recruited, half of whom were in the sleep-deprived group and half of whom were in the control group. A validated video-based hazard perception test that either contained covert hazards (12 video clips) or overt hazards (12 video clips) filmed from the drivers’ perspective was presented to participants. Participants were instructed to click the left mouse button quickly once they detected a potentially dangerous situation that could lead to an accident. Participants’ response time and eye movements relative to the hazards were recorded. The sleep-deprived group had a significantly longer response time and took a longer time to first fixate on covert hazards than the control group, while they had a shorter response time to overt hazards than the control group. The first fixation duration of sleep-deprived drivers was longer than that of the control group for overt hazards, while the duration of the first fixation of the two driver groups was similar for covert hazards. Sleep deprivation affects the visual search patterns and response times to hazards, and the adverse effects of sleep deprivation were worse in relation to covert hazards. The findings have some implications for classifying and evaluating high-risk taxi drivers whose hazard perception ability might be affected by insufficient sleep.
Research on Reinforcement Technology of Existing Frame Structure with Externally Attached U-Shaped Steel Plate Sub-Structure
Authors: Xu Zhiwen , Liu Yulin , Wang Xingchen , Li Zixuan , Wang Weilun
Published: December 2023

With the improvement of building technical requirements and the updating of standards, the demand for the reinforcement of existing buildings is increasing. In order to solve the problem regarding the low economic applicability of the traditional seismic retrofit method, this paper proposes a seismic retrofit method for an externally attached U-shaped steel plate sub-structure that follows the concept of “reinforcing while using”, is composed of a U-shaped steel plate and herringbone channel steel, and can meet the needs of multiple retrofits. Based on the results of a pseudo-static test, the mechanical properties of one unreinforced frame and three reinforced frames with different specifications for the U-shaped steel plate sub-structure were comparatively studied, and the effectiveness and rationality of the reinforcement method were analyzed. The results show that the externally attached U-shaped steel plate sub-structure has good deformation and energy dissipation capacity and can effectively improve the horizontal bearing capacity of an existing frame without changing the original failure mode. The bearing capacity of the three reinforced frames was 1.43, 1.89, and 2.57 times that of the unreinforced specimen. The initial lateral stiffness of the frame also increased significantly, namely, to 1.41, 2.02, and 2.08 times that of the unreinforced specimen, and the stiffness degradation rate decreased. The seismic performance of the original frame was greatly improved.
The Performance of Reinforcement Learning for Indoor Climate Control Devices according to the Level of Outdoor Air Particulate Matters
Authors: Kim Sun Ho , Moon Hyeun Jun
Published: December 2023

As people spend more than 90% of their time indoors, indoor environmental quality (IEQ) has become an important factor in maintaining a healthy space for the occupants. There are many indoor climate control devices for improving IEQ. However, it is difficult to maintain an appropriate IEQ with changing outdoor air conditions and occupant behavior in a building. This study proposes a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm to maintain indoor air quality (IAQ) with low energy consumption in a residential environment by optimally operating indoor climate control devices such as ventilation systems, air purifiers, and kitchen hoods. The proposed artificial intelligence algorithm (AI2C2) employs DDQN (double deep Q-network) to determine the optimal operation of various indoor climate control devices, reflecting IAQ and energy consumption via different outdoor levels of particulate matter. This approach considers the outdoor air condition and occupant activities in training the developed algorithm, which are the most significant factors affecting IEQ and building energy performance. A co-simulation platform using Python and EnergyPlus is applied to train and evaluate the model. As a result, the proposed approach reduced energy consumption and maintained good IAQ. The developed RL algorithm for energy and IAQ showed different performances based on the outdoor PM 2.5 level. The results showed the RL-based control can be more effective when the outdoor PM 2.5 level is higher (or unhealthy) compared to moderate (or healthy) conditions.
Synthesis and Processing of Near Infrared—Activated Vitrimer Nanocomposite Films Modified with β-Hydroxyester-Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Byrne Prudente Tomás E. , Mauro Diandra , Puig Julieta , Altuna Facundo I. , Da Ros Tatiana , Hoppe Cristina E.
Published: December 2023

Films of a vitrimer based on the reaction between diglycidylether of bisphenol A and glutaric acid in the presence of 1-methylimidazole were processed using a solvent-based technique. The curing schedule was divided into two steps: first, a soluble linear polymer was formed through the reaction of the diacid and the diepoxide, and then the crosslinking was induced at a higher temperature via transesterification reactions. This epoxy–acid vitrimer was modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with β-hydroxyesters, produced by a robust and straightforward strategy based on a two-phase reaction between oxidized MWCNTs and phenylglycidylether. Nanocomposite vitrimer films were obtained by drop casting a dispersion of the functionalized MWCNTs in the linear polymer/cyclohexanone solution, followed by a thermal treatment. A high degree of dispersion of the carbon nanostructures was attained thanks to the β-hydroxyester functionalization when compared with oxidized MWCNTs. Nanocomposite films showed a significant photothermal effect (reaching 200 °C or above in 30 s) upon NIR light irradiation (850 nm) from a single LED (500 mW/cm2). The released heat was used to activate the shape memory effect and weld and heal the vitrimer matrix, proving the success of this easy strategy for the generation of remotely activated carbon-based vitrimer nanocomposites.
The Involvement of Peroxiporins and Antioxidant Transcription Factors in Breast Cancer Therapy Resistance
Authors: Milković Lidija , Mlinarić Monika , Lučić Ivan , Čipak Gašparović Ana
Published: December 2023

Breast cancer is still the leading cause of death in women of all ages. The reason for this is therapy resistance, which leads to the progression of the disease and the formation of metastases. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a multifactorial process that leads to therapy failure. MDR involves multiple processes and many signaling pathways that support each other, making it difficult to overcome once established. Here, we discuss cellular-oxidative-stress-modulating factors focusing on transcription factors NRF2, FOXO family, and peroxiporins, as well as their possible contribution to MDR. This is significant because oxidative stress is a consequence of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, and the activation of detoxification pathways could modulate the cellular response to therapy and could support MDR. These proteins are not directly responsible for MDR, but they support the survival of cancer cells under stress conditions.
Characterization of 3D NSCLC Cell Cultures with Fibroblasts or Macrophages for Tumor Microenvironment Studies and Chemotherapy Screening
Authors: Garnique Anali del Milagro Bernabe , Machado-Santelli Glaucia Maria
Published: December 2023

The study of 3D cell culture has increased in recent years as a model that mimics the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is characterized by exhibiting cellular heterogeneity, allowing the modulation of different signaling pathways that enrich this microenvironment. The TME exhibits two main cell populations: cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). The aim of this study was to investigate 3D cell cultures of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) alone and in combination with short-term cultured dermal fibroblasts (FDH) and with differentiated macrophages of the THP-1 cell line. Homotypic and heterotypic spheroids were morphologically characterized using light microscopy, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Cell viability, cycle profiling and migration assay were performed, followed by the evaluation of the effects of some chemotherapeutic and potential compounds on homotypic and heterotypic spheroids. Both homotypic and heterotypic spheroids of NSCLC were generated with fibroblasts or macrophages. Heterotypic spheroids with fibroblast formed faster, while homotypic ones reached larger sizes. Different cell populations were identified based on spheroid zoning, and drug effects varied between spheroid types. Interestingly, heterotypic spheroids with fibroblasts showed similar responses to the treatment with different compounds, despite being smaller. Cellular viability analysis required multiple methods, since the responses varied depending on the spheroid type. Because of this, the complexity of the spheroid should be considered when analyzing compound effects. Overall, this study contributes to our understanding of the behavior and response of NSCLC cells in 3D microenvironments, providing valuable insights for future research and therapeutic development.
Thermosensation and Temperature Preference: From Molecules to Neuronal Circuits in Drosophila
Authors: Chiang Meng-Hsuan , Lin Yu-Chun , Wu Tony , Wu Chia-Lin
Published: December 2023

Temperature has a significant effect on all physiological processes of animals. Suitable temperatures promote responsiveness, movement, metabolism, growth, and reproduction in animals, whereas extreme temperatures can cause injury or even death. Thus, thermosensation is important for survival in all animals. However, mechanisms regulating thermosensation remain unexplored, mostly because of the complexity of mammalian neural circuits. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster achieves a desirable body temperature through ambient temperature fluctuations, sunlight exposure, and behavioral strategies. The availability of extensive genetic tools and resources for studying Drosophila have enabled scientists to unravel the mechanisms underlying their temperature preference. Over the past 20 years, Drosophila has become an ideal model for studying temperature-related genes and circuits. This review provides a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of thermosensation and temperature preference in Drosophila. It encompasses various aspects, such as the mechanisms by which flies sense temperature, the effects of internal and external factors on temperature preference, and the adaptive strategies employed by flies in extreme-temperature environments. Understanding the regulating mechanisms of thermosensation and temperature preference in Drosophila can provide fundamental insights into the underlying molecular and neural mechanisms that control body temperature and temperature-related behavioral changes in other animals.
Cytokines and Epidermal Lipid Abnormalities in Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Upadhyay Parth R. , Seminario-Vidal Lucia , Abe Brian , Ghobadi Cyrus , Sims Jonathan T.
Published: December 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease and presents a major public health problem worldwide. It is characterized by a recurrent and/or chronic course of inflammatory skin lesions with intense pruritus. Its pathophysiologic features include barrier dysfunction, aberrant immune cell infiltration, and alterations in the microbiome that are associated with genetic and environmental factors. There is a complex crosstalk between these components, which is primarily mediated by cytokines. Epidermal barrier dysfunction is the hallmark of AD and is caused by the disruption of proteins and lipids responsible for establishing the skin barrier. To better define the role of cytokines in stratum corneum lipid abnormalities related to AD, we conducted a systematic review of biomedical literature in PubMed from its inception to 5 September 2023. Consistent with the dominant TH2 skewness seen in AD, type 2 cytokines were featured prominently as possessing a central role in epidermal lipid alterations in AD skin. The cytokines associated with TH1 and TH17 were also identified to affect barrier lipids. Considering the broad cytokine dysregulation observed in AD pathophysiology, understanding the role of each of these in lipid abnormalities and barrier dysfunction will help in developing therapeutics to best achieve barrier homeostasis in AD patients.