bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zum Zusammenhang zwischen laut- sowie meta- und schriftsprachlichen Fähigkeiten bei Erwachsenen mit Illettrismus
Authors: Bohnert-Kraus Mirja , Kempe Preti Susanne , Löffler Cordula , Haid Andrea , Reising Lena , Feil Sarah
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Die LEO-Studie 2018 ( Grotlüschen, Buddeberg, Dutz, Heilmann & Stammer, 2019 ) belegt, dass 12,1% der deutschen Bevölkerung im erwerbsfähigen Alter maximal einzelne Sätze lesen und schreiben können und somit als gering literalisiert gelten müssen. Für die Schweiz zeigen Studien, dass eine beachtliche Anzahl von Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen über unzureichende Lesefähigkeiten verfügen. Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, inwiefern sich Zusammenhänge zwischen den lautsprachlichen und den schriftsprachlichen Leistungen bei Menschen mit Illettrismus im Erwachsenenalter zeigen. Methoden: Anhand einer Testbatterie zur Erfassung schriftsprachlicher Kompetenzen und Vorläuferfähigkeiten für den Schriftspracherwerb sowie Interviews zur Lernbiographie wurden in einer Querschnittsstudie mit Erwachsenen Daten von 20 Illettristen und 10 Kontrollproband_innen erhoben und miteinander verglichen. Ergebnisse: Im Gruppenvergleich zeigen sich deutliche Unterschiede zwischen Experimental- und Kontrollgruppe wobei die Kontrollgruppe in den Tests fast durchweg besser abschneidet als die Experimentalgruppe. Diskussion: Insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit der Lernbiographie der Betroffenen ist die Relevanz früher professioneller Unterstützung hervorzuheben. Es lassen sich Hinweise für die schulischen Rahmenbedingungen und die Förderschwerpunkte ableiten.
Long-Term Sea Level Cycle Affects Predictions of Future Rise
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: September 2021

New research confirms the existence of a regular, long-term fluctuation in sea level, perhaps caused by processes in Earth’s core.
Ancient Flint Tools Reveal Earth’s Changing Magnetic Field
Authors: Thomasy Hannah
Published: September 2021

Stone tools may provide data on paleomagnetism that are out of reach for other markers, such as prehistoric pottery.
Rewriting the Cambrian Biogeography of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt Using Combined Faunal Cluster, Zircon Age and C Isotope Analysis
Authors: Steiner Michael , Hohl Simon V. , Yang Ben , Huang Xiangtong , Li Da
Published: September 2021

The Central Asian Orogenic Belt is complex and little understood in its geotectonic history. Here, we apply a new approach to conclude on the paleogeography of major Mongolian terrains using small skeletal fossil assemblages and a combined analysis of U‐Pb ages and typology of detrital zircons. We document a new Cambrian Stage 3 fauna from the Telmen Block located between the Dzhabkan and Tuva‐Mongolia cratons. Based on a hierarchical cluster analysis of 35 blocks, we observe the most robust biogeographic relationship between Telmen and Kusnetzk Alatau and between Tuva‐ Mongolia and Lake Zone. These results challenge the view that these cratons were assembled during the Ediacaran/Cambrian in a single ribbon‐shaped paleocontinent. Detrital zircon U‐Pb ages indicate a unique age population at ∼516 Ma at Telmen derived from I‐type granitoids, neither seen on Dzhabkan nor Tuva‐Mongolia cratons supporting their different tectonic evolution within the Palasian Ocean after the breakup of Rodinia.
A Novel Method for Gaining New Insight on Flows Over Inundated Landscapes
Authors: van der Steeg Shailesh , Xu Haiqing , Torres Raymond , Elias Edwin P. L. , Sullivan Jessica C. , Viparelli Enrica , Shelley David , Lakshmi Venkataraman
Published: September 2021

We present a novel approach for detecting surface water flows over flooded terrain. The approach requires a minimum of three stage measurements and can be applied to any inundated surface, across a range of temporal and spatial scales. This method creates new and robust opportunities for field observation and for validation of numerical simulations and remote sensing analyses. In this proof‐of‐concept study, we found that floodplain free surface gradients were particularly variable during sub‐bankfull inundation, including abrupt current reversals. Also, flow direction varied with stage and the rate of change in stage. The “triangular facet” approach provides a new type of mesoscale insight of flow processes over inundated landscapes, highlighting flow complexity. Moreover, the approach provides information on floods that represent a compromise between point velocimeter measurements and satellite remote sensing and it can provide substantial benefits to society by aiding in flood hazard and mitigation assessment and planning.
Magnetic Topology at Venus: New Insights Into the Venus Plasma Environment
Authors: Xu Shaosui , Frahm Rudy A. , Ma Yingjuan , Luhmann Janet G. , Mitchell David L.
Published: September 2021

This study provides the first characterization of magnetic topology (i.e., the magnetic connectivity to the collisional ionosphere) at Venus, which might give new insights into the Venusian space environment on topics such as the penetration of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) into the ionosphere, planetary ion outflow and inflow, and auroral emission. Magnetic topology is inferred from the electron and magnetic field measurements from Venus Express. We demonstrate through a few case studies that various types of magnetic topologies exist at Venus, including typical draped IMF, open magnetic fields connected to the nightside atmosphere or the dayside ionosphere, and unexpected cross‐terminator closed field lines. We also provide a detailed characterization of an ionospheric hole event, where we find an open topology and a field‐aligned potential of  V with respect to the collisional ionosphere, which has important implications for its formation mechanism.
Hydrodynamic disturbance controls microbial community assembly and biogeochemical processes in coastal sediments
Authors: Chen Ya-Jou , Leung Pok Man , Cook Perran L M , Wong Wei Wen , Hutchinson Tess , Eate Vera , Kessler Adam J , Greening Chris
Published: September 2021

The microbial community composition and biogeochemical dynamics of coastal permeable (sand) sediments differs from cohesive (mud) sediments. Tide- and wave-driven hydrodynamic disturbance causes spatiotemporal variations in oxygen levels, which select for microbial generalists and disrupt redox cascades. In this work, we profiled microbial communities and biogeochemical dynamics in sediment profiles from three sites varying in their exposure to hydrodynamic disturbance. Strong variations in sediment geochemistry, biogeochemical activities, and microbial abundance, composition, and capabilities were observed between the sites. Most of these variations, except for microbial abundance and diversity, significantly correlated with the relative disturbance level of each sample. In line with previous findings, metabolically flexible habitat generalists (e.g., Flavobacteriaceae, Woeseaiceae, Rhodobacteraceae) dominated in all samples. However, we present evidence that aerobic specialists such as ammonia-oxidizing archaea (Nitrosopumilaceae) were more abundant and active in more disturbed samples, whereas bacteria capable of sulfate reduction (e.g., uncultured Desulfobacterales), dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA; e.g., Ignavibacteriaceae), and sulfide-dependent chemolithoautotrophy (e.g., Sulfurovaceae) were enriched and active in less disturbed samples. These findings are supported by insights from nine deeply sequenced metagenomes and 169 derived metagenome-assembled genomes. Altogether, these findings suggest that hydrodynamic disturbance is a critical factor controlling microbial community assembly and biogeochemical processes in coastal sediments. Moreover, they strengthen our understanding of the relationships between microbial composition and biogeochemical processes in these unique environments.
Turbulence-resilient pilot-assisted self-coherent free-space optical communications using automatic optoelectronic mixing of many modes
Authors: Zhang Runzhou , Hu Nanzhe , Zhou Huibin , Zou Kaiheng , Su Xinzhou , Zhou Yiyu , Song Haoqian , Pang Kai , Song Hao , Minoofar Amir , Zhao Zhe , Liu Cong , Manukyan Karapet , Almaiman Ahmed , Lynn Brittany , Boyd Robert W. , Tur Moshe , Willner Alan E.
Published: September 2021

In free-space optical communications that use both amplitude and phase data modulation (for example, in quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)), the data are typically recovered by mixing a Gaussian local oscillator with a received Gaussian data beam. However, atmospheric turbulence can induce power coupling from the transmitted Gaussian mode to higher-order modes, resulting in a significantly degraded mixing efficiency and system performance. Here, we use a pilot-assisted self-coherent detection approach to overcome this problem. Specifically, we transmit both a Gaussian data beam and a frequency-offset Gaussian pilot tone beam such that both beams experience similar turbulence and modal coupling. Subsequently, a photodetector mixes all corresponding pairs of the beams’ modes. During mixing, a conjugate of the turbulence-induced modal coupling is generated and compensates the modal coupling experienced by the data, and thus the corresponding modes of the pilot and data mix efficiently. We demonstrate a 12 Gbit s−1 16-QAM polarization-multiplexed free-space optical link that is resistant to turbulence.
Acute melatonin administration improves exercise tolerance and the metabolic recovery after exhaustive effort
Authors: Faria Vinícius Silva , Pejon Taciane Maria Melges , Gobatto Claudio Alexandre , de Araujo Gustavo Gomes , Cornachione Anabelle Silva , Beck Wladimir Rafael
Published: September 2021

The present study investigated the effects of acute melatonin administration on the biomarkers of energy substrates, GLUT4, and FAT/CD36 of skeletal muscle and its performance in rats subjected to exhaustive swimming exercise at an intensity corresponding to the maximal aerobic capacity (tlim). The incremental test was performed to individually determine the exercise intensity prescription and 48 h after, the animals received melatonin (10 mg·kg−1) or vehicles 30 min prior totlim. Afterwards, the animals were euthanized 1 or 3 h after the exhaustion for blood and muscles storage. The experiment 1 found that melatonin increased the content of glycogen and GLUT4 in skeletal muscles of the animals that were euthanized 1 (p < 0.05; 22.33% and 41.87%) and 3 h (p < 0.05; 37.62% and 57.87%) after the last procedures. In experiment 2, melatonin enhanced thetlim (p = 0.01; 49.42%), the glycogen content (p < 0.05; 40.03%), GLUT4 and FAT/CD36 in exercised skeletal muscles (F = 26.83 and F = 25.28, p < 0.01). In summary, melatonin increased energy substrate availability prior to exercise, improved the exercise tolerance, and accelerated the recovery of muscle energy substrates after thetlim, possibly through GLUT4 and FAT/CD36.
Hospitalization outcomes among brain metastasis patients receiving radiation therapy with or without stereotactic radiosurgery from the 2005–2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample
Authors: Beydoun Hind A. , Beydoun May A. , Huang Shuyan , Eid Shaker M. , Zonderman Alan B.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to compare
hospitalization outcomes among US inpatients with brain metastases who received stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and/or non-SRS radiation therapies without neurosurgical intervention. A cross-sectional study was conducted whereby existing data on 35,199 hospitalization records (non-SRS alone: 32,981; SRS alone: 1035; SRS + non-SRS: 1183) from 2005 to 2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample were analyzed. Targeted maximum likelihood estimation and Super Learner algorithms were applied to estimate average treatment effects (ATE), marginal odds ratios (MOR) and causal risk ratio (CRR) for three distinct types of radiation therapy in relation to hospitalization outcomes, including length of stay (‘ ≥ 7 days’ vs. ‘ < 7 days’) and discharge destination (‘non-routine’ vs. ‘routine’), controlling for patient and hospital characteristics. Recipients of SRS alone (ATE = − 0.071, CRR = 0.88, MOR = 0.75) or SRS + non-SRS (ATE = − 0.17, CRR = 0.70, MOR = 0.50) had shorter hospitalizations as compared to recipients of non-SRS alone. Recipients of SRS alone (ATE = − 0.13, CRR = 0.78, MOR = 0.59) or SRS + non-SRS (ATE = − 0.17, CRR = 0.72, MOR = 0.51) had reduced risks of non-routine discharge as compared to recipients of non-SRS alone. Similar analyses suggested recipients of SRS alone had shorter hospitalizations and similar risk of non-routine discharge when compared to recipients of SRS + non-SRS radiation therapies. SRS alone or in combination with non-SRS therapies may reduce the risks of prolonged hospitalization and non-routine discharge among hospitalized US patients with brain metastases who underwent radiation therapy without neurosurgical intervention.
Analysis of a novel X-ray lens for converging beam radiotherapy
Authors: Bartkoski Dirk A. , Bar-David Aharon , Kleckner Michael , Mirkovic Dragan , Tailor Ramesh , Moradi-Kurdestany Jamshid , Borukhin Shirly , Harel Ze’ev , Burshtein Zeev , Zuck Asaf , Salehpour Mohammad
Published: September 2021

We describe the development and analysis of a new teletherapy modality that, through a novel approach to targeted radiation delivery, has the potential to provide greater conformality than conventional photon-based treatments. The proposed system uses an X-ray lens to reflect photons from a conventional X-ray tube toward a focal spot. The resulting dose distributions have a highly localized peak dose, with lower doses in the converging radiation cone. Physical principles governing the design of this system are presented, along with a series of measurements analyzing various characteristics of the converging beam. The beam was designed to be nearly monoenergetic (~ 59 keV), with an energy bandwidth of approximately 10 keV allowing for treatment energies lower than conventional therapies. The focal spot was measured to be approximately 2.5 cm long and 4 mm wide. Mounting the proposed X-ray delivery system on a robotic arm would allow sub-millimeter accuracy in focal spot positioning, resulting in highly conformal dose distribution via the optimal placement of individual focal spots within the target volume. Aspects of this novel radiation beam are discussed considering their possible clinical application as a treatment approach that takes maximum advantage of the unique properties afforded by converging X-ray beam therapy.
Enhancing the anode performance of microbial fuel cells in the treatment of oil-based drill sludge by adjusting the stirring rate and supplementing oil-based drill cuttings
Authors: Feng Qi , Xu Longjun , Liu Chenglun , Hao Yu , Yang Zhengxin , Zhang Teng , Liu Yanling , Su Huaren
Published: September 2021

This was the first attempt to investigate the bioelectricity output based on a solid–liquid cooperation in the microbial fuel cell (MFC) treatment of oil-based drill sludge by adjusting the stirring rate and supplementing oil-based drill cuttings (OBDCs).
Blistering failure of elastic coatings with applications to corrosion resistance
Authors: Effendy Surya , Zhou Tingtao , Eichman Henry , Petr Michael , Bazant Martin Z.
Published: September 2021

A variety of polymeric surfaces, such as anti-corrosion coatings and polymer-modified asphalts, are prone to blistering when exposed to moisture and air.
Nanomedicine to advance the treatment of bacteria-induced acute lung injury
Authors: Su Ruonan , Zhang Yu , Zhang Jiabin , Wang Haixia , Luo Yun , Chan Hon Fai , Tao Yu , Chen Zhuanggui , Li Mingqiang
Published: September 2021

This review aims to highlight the recent advances, key limitations, and future directions of nanomedicine for bacteria-induced acute lung injury treatment.
The Lived Experience of the Audiologist: Connections Between Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Emanuel Diana C.
Published: September 2021

Purpose:

The purpose of the study was to use qualitative research methods to explore connections between audiologists' lived experiences and perceptions of the future and change.

Method:

This research was based on a constructivist grounded theory approach. A semistructured interview guide inspired 30 audiologists to share their stories via virtual interview. A theoretical framework evolved from grounded theory analysis techniques.

Results:

The majority of audiologists interviewed in this study entered audiology via the undergraduate-stumble pathway, usually after leaving speech-language pathology. This pathway was associated with poorer perceptions of the future compared with early-purposeful and later-purposeful pathways. Generation differences, value juxtaposition, professional identity, and student debt also influenced perspectives of the future. Participants described high value-of-self relative to patient care and joy stories associated with meaningful relationships with patients. Most participants reported responding actively to changes in the marketplace at the individual work setting level; however, change response was complex and difficult to quantify when broader issues impacting the profession were considered. Participants expressed concern about the future, including the need to address high student debt, perceived lack of unity across the profession, and value-by-others.

Conclusion:

Grounded theory exploration of the lived experience of 30 audiologists supported a theoretical framework that connects perceptions of the future with origin story, generation perspectives, value juxtaposition, professional identity, and student debt.
Gas and stellar dynamics in Stephan’s Quintet
Authors: Yttergren M. , Misquitta P. , Sánchez-Monge Á. , Valencia-S M. , Eckart A. , Zensus A. , Peitl-Thiesen T.
Published: September 2021

In nearby compact galaxy groups we can study the complex processes of galaxy interactions at high resolution and obtain a window into a time in the history of the Universe when the galaxies were closely spaced and the intergalactic medium was awash with gas. Stephan’s Quintet is a nearby compact galaxy group and a perfect laboratory for studying the process of galaxy evolution through galaxy harassment and interaction. By analysing the kinematics of Stephan’s Quintet we aim to provide an increased understanding of the group, the history of the interactions, their cause and effect, and the details regarding the physical processes occurring as galaxies interact. Ionised gas and stellar kinematics have been studied using data from the Large Binocular Telescope, while the molecular gas kinematics have been obtained from CO observations using the IRAM 30m telescope. Large areas of the group have been mapped and analysed. We obtain a total ionised gas mass in the regions chosen for closer analysis of 20.1 ± 0.2 ⋅ 1010 M⊙ and a total H2 gas mass of 21 ± 2 ⋅ 109 M⊙ in the observed area (spectra integrated over the velocity range covering Stephan’s Quintet), while the star-forming clouds show an impressive complexity, with gas congregations at multiple velocities at many locations throughout the group. We map the large-scale nuclear wind in NGC7319 and its decoupled gas and stellar disk. With our high resolution data we can, for the first time, reveal the Seyfert 1 nature of NGC7319 and fit the narrow-line region and broad-line region of the Hα line. While the 12CO (1 − 0) map shows significant emission in the area in or near NGC7319, the bridge, and the star-forming ridge, the 12CO (2 − 1) emission shows a prevalence to the star-forming ridge, an area south of the NGC7318 pair, and shows an extension towards NGC7317 – connecting NGC7317 to the centre of the group, indicating a previous interaction. NGC7317 may also be a prime candidate for studies of the process of galaxy harassment. Furthermore, we connect the kinematical structures in Stephan’s Quintet to the history of the group and the ongoing interaction with NGC7318B. Through our extensive observations of Stephan’s Quintet we trace and present the kinematics and evolution of the complex processes and structures occurring in this nearby interactive group.
Investigating coronal wave energy estimates using synthetic non-thermal line widths
Authors: Fyfe L. E. , Howson T. A. , De Moortel I. , Pant V. , Van Doorsselaere T.
Published: September 2021

Aims. Estimates of coronal wave energy remain uncertain as a large fraction of the energy is likely hidden in the non-thermal line widths of emission lines. In order to estimate these wave energies, many previous studies have considered the root mean squared wave amplitudes to be a factor of $ \sqrt{2} $ greater than the non-thermal line widths. However, other studies have used different factors. To investigate this problem, we consider the relation between wave amplitudes and the non-thermal line widths within a variety of 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations.

Methods. We consider the following 3D numerical models: Alfvén waves in a uniform magnetic field, transverse waves in a complex braided magnetic field, and two simulations of coronal heating in an arcade. We applied the forward modelling code FoMo to generate the synthetic emission data required to analyse the non-thermal line widths.

Results. Determining a single value for the ratio between the non-thermal line widths and the root mean squared wave amplitudes is not possible across multiple simulations. It was found to depend on a variety of factors, including line-of-sight angles, velocity magnitudes, wave interference, and exposure time. Indeed, some of our models achieved the values claimed in recent articles while other more complex models deviated from these ratios.

Conclusions. To estimate wave energies, an appropriate relation between the non-thermal line widths and root mean squared wave amplitudes is required. However, evaluating this ratio to be a singular value, or even providing a lower or upper bound on it, is not realistically possible given its sensitivity to various MHD models and factors. As the ratio between wave amplitudes and non-thermal line widths is not constant across our models, we suggest that this widely used method for estimating wave energy is not robust.
One star, two star, red star, blue star: an updated planetary nebula central star distance catalogue from Gaia EDR3
Authors: Chornay N. , Walton N. A.
Published: September 2021

Context. Planetary nebulae (PNe) are a brief but important phase of stellar evolution. The study of Galactic PNe has historically been hampered by uncertain distances, but the parallaxes of PN central stars (CSPNe) measured by Gaia are improving the situation.

Aims. Gaia’s Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) offers higher astrometric precision and greater completeness compared to previous releases. Taking advantage of these improvements requires that the CSPNe in the catalogue be accurately identified.

Methods. We applied our automated technique based on the likelihood ratio method to cross-match known PNe with sources in Gaia EDR3, using an empirically derived position and colour distribution to score candidate matches.

Results. We present a catalogue of over 2000 sources in Gaia EDR3 that our method has identified as likely CSPNe or compact nebula detections. We show how the more precise parallaxes of these sources compare to previous PN statistical distances and introduce an approach to combining them to produce tighter distance constraints. We also discuss Gaia’s handling of close companions and bright nebulae.

Conclusions. Gaia is unlocking new avenues for the study of PNe. The catalogue presented here will remain valid for the upcoming Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) and thus provide a valuable resource for years to come.
Survival strategies of phytoplankton functional groups to environmental factors in a drinking water reservoir, central China
Authors: Huang Guojia , Wang Xiaoqing , Chen Yushun , Deng Long , Xu Dajian
Published: September 2021

In this study, use survival strategies of phytoplankton functional groups to environmental factors in a drinking water reservoir. Survival strategies of phytoplankton in drinking water reservoirs were rarely analysed. Dynamics and survival strategies of phytoplankton community in Zhushuqiao Reservoir (Changsha, China) were studied bimonthly from April 2016 to February 2017 to fill this gap. In spring, species of CRS-strategy that adapted to low water temperature, light, and nutrient dominated. There were small individuals of opportunistic colonists of C-strategy observed before stratification. With the increase of nutrient and water temperature in summer, slightly bigger, disturbance-tolerant species of R-strategy and species of CS-strategy that adapted to stratification dominated. In winter, some species adapted to low water temperature, which were R-strategists. Key factors driven seasonal phytoplankton succession were water temperature, total phosphorus, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Attention should be paid to potential threats from algal bloom species with C-strategy, and future longer-term monitoring of the system and its surrounding watersheds is greatly needed.
Bisalbuminemia: A Pathologist’s Insight of an Uncommon Phenomenon
Authors: Kapatia Gargi , Wadhwa Monika , Malhotra Pankaj , Prakash Gaurav , Aggarwal Ritu
Published: September 2021

Background The incidence of a bifid electrophoretic pattern in the albumin region on serum protein electrophoresis is an infrequent phenomenon. The availability of literature from India is scarce and is limited to case reports.

Objective The aim of the study is to analyze the frequency of bisalbuminemia in an Indian referral facility. The study delved into their clinical associations.

Material and Methods The retrospective case records of the patient from the departmental database were scrutinized. The study subjects were for an 8-year study period.

Results There were about 39,900 serum electrophoresis performed in an 8-year study period. A total of 40 cases of bisalbuminemia were detected. The incidence in our cohort was 0.01%.

Conclusion Bisalbuminemia, an overtly benign condition, is infrequent in Indian population although not rare. It is associated with several clinical disorders; however, the association seems to be plausibly coincidental.
Point-cloud neural network predicts porous media permeability
Authors: Frank Jodi Ackerman
Published: September 2021

Proposed network relaxes GPU memory limitations in convolutional neural networks.
Phosphorus and selenium uptake, root morphology, and carboxylates in the rhizosheath of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) as affected by localised phosphate and selenite supply in a split-root system
Authors: Peng Qi , Zhang Zekun , Su Rui , Zhang Xingchang , Lambers Hans , He Honghua
Published: September 2021

Low availability of phosphorus (P) is a key limiting factor for the growth of many crops. Selenium (Se) is a nutrient for humans that is acquired predominantly from plants. Localised P and Se supply may affect P- and Se-uptake efficiency. Our aim was to examine the mechanisms of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to acquire P and Se when the elements are heterogeneously or homogeneously distributed in soil, and how P and Se supply affect plant growth and uptake of P and Se. We conducted a split-root experiment growing alfalfa in a loess soil with two distribution patterns (i.e. heterogeneous and homogeneous) of P and Se. The application rates of P (KH2PO4) and Se (Na2SeO3) were 0 and 20 mg P kg−1, and 0 and 1 mg Se kg−1, respectively. Our results showed that plants absorbed more Se when both P and Se were supplied homogeneously than when supplied heterogeneously. Supplying Se had a positive effect on plant P content. Localised P supply resulted in the exudation of more carboxylates by roots than homogeneous P supply did. Soil microbial biomass P was significantly greater when P was supplied homogeneously. Shoot-to-root translocation of Se had a positive effect on P-uptake efficiency. These results indicated that, compared with homogeneous P supply, localised P supply promoted P and Se uptake by increasing the amount of rhizosheath carboxylates and weakening the competition between roots and microbes. Translocation of Se within plant organs was promoted by the application of P, thus enhancing the P-uptake efficiency of alfalfa.
Influence of gender on the use of kinship terms in English and Serbian
Authors: Tadić Dragana
Published: September 2021

Kinship terms are widely present in the English and Serbian language. However, research on their actual use and the role gender plays in the selection of those terms is fairly scarce. The purpose of this contrastive analysis is to explore the influence of gender on the use of kinship terms among the speakers of English and Serbian and to determine cultural conceptualizations underlying these terms. The study is corpus based. The data were collected by the means of questionnaires and analyzed statistically. Kinship terms represent a culturally constructed category reflected in the lexicon of these two contrasted languages. For this reason, Cultural Linguistics and its theoretical and analytical tools serve as the basis for the theoretical framework for this study. The results of the analysis have shown that gender significantly influences the use and the selection of kinship terms.
A Contamination Control Strategy Gone Wrong
Authors: Moldenhauer Jeanne
Published: September 2021

Warning letters and regulatory inspection observation reports (e.g., FDA 483) often provide useful information for assessing risks in your facility and preparing for upcoming inspections. Starting with the updates to the European Union’s Annex 1 for the Manufacture of Sterile Drugs there has been an increased focus on contamination control strategies in facilities. A contamination control strategy is an integral part of pharmaceutical manufacturing, whether sterile or non-sterile. For this article we are going to look at a series of observations for a vaccine production facility and how we might learn from these observations. Highlighted are some of the contamination control issues. The FDA 483 Report was published in redacted form.
Management Roundtable #3: Lessons From Restaurant Dishwashing
Authors: Pluta Paul
Published: September 2021

Discussion of management topics is always of interest in validation and QA professional meetings. However, these topics are seldom addressed in focused sessions; there are too many higher priority technical and business topics that supersede management topics. Lunchtime and other networking conversations often evolve into management problem discussions – management problems are a significant area of concern. Informal networking discussions that provide practical and useful suggestions for approaching management problems are most helpful – practical and useful being the operative descriptive words.
Material Transfer Into Aseptic Areas: Hierarchy Of Contamination Control
Authors: Sandle Tim
Published: September 2021

This paper assesses the transfer disinfection process, the available technologies and critical bio-decontamination aspects, focusing on the important criteria for device assessment and operation.
Risk Management: How Not To Do It
Authors: Schmitt Siegfried
Published: September 2021

Regulations worldwide tell us that a Pharmaceutical Quality System has to be risk-based. In reviewing best practices and ICH Q9 guidelines on QRM, the author shares insights on what not to do, using examples the author has come across over the more than 30 years in industry.
Using Cell-Based Activity Assays In Support Of Carryover Calculations In Multi-Product Facilities
Authors: del Hierro Gabriella , Holz Emily , Contreras Ed , Che Pauline , Elvington Shelley , Lee Ho Young , Arroyo Adeyma
Published: September 2021

The calculation of cleaning carryover limits in multi-product facilities can be based on the inactivity of molecules after exposure to cleaning conditions if the inactivation of active molecules can be demonstrated. The demonstration of inactivation has been addressed in several publications that have shown degradation and/or denaturation using different analytical techniques such as sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which directly or indirectly demonstrate that the product residue is no longer active. In this paper, authors expand the assay options by demonstrating the use of molecule-specific cell-based activity assays, which provide a “catch all” measurement of sample bioactivity, to assess the inactivation of therapeutic antibodies after exposure to cleaning conditions.
How To Ensure Senior Management Approval For Your Next Regulated IT System
Authors: Harris David
Published: September 2021

Senior Leadership has to make hard decisions about investments. We see headlines about mergers, acquisitions, partnerships, opting in on products that have exciting development or preclinical results. The headlines may also include significant investment in internal infrastructure. Hundreds of millions of dollars may be directed to building a new facility to manage the increased demand of an existing product or to prepare for a clinical candidate showing a high probability of success.
VCS#9. Unapproved Materials From Approved Suppliers
Authors: Pluta Paul
Published: September 2021

This case study describes an abrupt and unexpected technical manufacturing problem caused by changes in the physical properties of a formulation ingredient. Manufacturing of a validated process could not be accomplished despite recently completed successful validation. Investigation determined a technical root cause, and also identified problems with practices in several site function areas. Practices in the site Materials Management function were significant in this event. Not all pharma personnel understand that materials from an approved supplier may not be universally acceptable in manufacturing – validation problems may have unlikely sources.
PQ Forum #22. Validation Plan Document Structure
Authors: Pluta Paul
Published: September 2021

A carefully written Validation Plan including thoughtful discussion in its respective sections ensures a logical and complete validation project. The following discussion proposes a simple and straightforward Validation Plan document structure that is applicable to all validation/qualification at a pharma manufacturing site.
Short-Term Global Horizontal Irradiance Forecasting Using a Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network-Gate Recurrent Unit Method
Authors: Zhang Yu , Ma Jianfeng , Zeng Cong , Li Guangyao
Published: September 2021

The effectiveness of photovoltaic power generation systems—a clean and renewable use of solar energy—depends on the amount of solar radiation. Consequently, solar radiation forecasting (especially short-term) is crucial for photovoltaic plants. In this paper, a hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN) and gate recurrent unit (GRU) method is proposed for short-term (10-min) solar radiation forecasting based on image and time-series data (i.e., radiation data at different times). The method aims to achieve high performance in solar radiation forecasting, which can be useful for PV plant adjustment. CNN–GRU consists of two branches. One is based on the ResNet-18 structure, which can extract features from sky images. The other is a GRU branch, which consists of three fully connected layers used for meteorological feature extraction. Experiments on a public dataset showed that our method predicts the mean absolute error better than other benchmark models. The ablation experiments demonstrated that the hybrid model performs better than a single model and, therefore, shows promise for application in solar radiation forecasting.
Ship Classification Method for Massive AIS Trajectories Based on GNN
Authors: Li Tianyu , Xu Huiqi , Zeng Weigui
Published: September 2021

Since criminals and maritime terrorism may tamper with AIS data and make the track suspicious, it is urgent to classify ships accurately and improve maritime navigation safety. Ship classification based on trajectory data can make up for the deficiency of traditional radar identification and optical identification which has important academic significance and practical value. The target recognition technology based on the traditional neural network can only process conventional Euclidean structure data, while the emerging graph neural network shows great advantages in processing non-Euclidean structure data. The ship trajectory data has the characteristics of the time and space domain and shows a non-Euclidean structure; therefore this paper proposes a classification and recognition method based on the graph neural network to process ship AIS data. First of all, the ship trajectory data is preprocessed and converted into graph data with vertices and edges. Then we use GNN to classify 4 types of ships including fishing vessels, passenger ships, oil tankers, and container ships. Finally, we compare the results with the SVM method. And it shows that this method is valid and proves that it is an effective method of ship classification.
Research on the Algorithm of Detection for Small and Weak Target Based on the Mechanism of High-Resolution Amplification
Authors: Cheng Xianyi , Sun Lili , Tian Yachong
Published: September 2021

Aiming at the problem that the existing target detection framework based on big data and deep learning has poor recognition effect for small and weak targets with low resolution in complex scenes, in this paper, we improve the small targets detection accuracy and speed, based on the FCOS algorithm for target detection and the mechanism of high resolution amplification. The basic principle is to increase amplification precision gain regression network (R-NET) and amplification region selection algorithm, on the basis of enhanced learning. The former learns the correlation between coarse and fine detection, and the latter calculates the information gain of the amplified region. The results show that this method can detect small and weak targets in complex environment.
An Ensemble Learning Algorithm for Machinery Fault Diagnosis Based on Convolutional Neural Network and Gradient Boosting Decision Tree
Authors: Zhou Jing , Gao Yang , Lu Jianping , Yin Chun , Han Huan
Published: September 2021

In the massive mechanical fault data, the value density of fault information is low, and the data quality is uneven. What’s more, the multi-source signals collected by different sampling methods are different. At present, the expert system or shallow neural network model with weak self-learning ability cannot meet the requirements. Therefore, aiming at the characteristics of coupling, uncertainty and concurrency of mechanical faults, this paper constructs two kinds of 2D-CNN fault feature data sets, and uses Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with strong self-learning ability to build two kinds of fault diagnosis models: CNN-Z and CNN-F. With CNN-Z and CNN-F models as base learners, this paper utilizes the ensemble algorithm Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) to combine multiple bases. Compared with the results of the single base learner, the outcomes have higher accuracy and lower generalization error. Through the analysis and comparison of the performance indicators of the algorithm, this paper concludes that the diagnosis error of the fault diagnosis algorithm based on CNN and GBDT is the lowest with 1.79%, and the effectiveness, reliability and accuracy of the proposed algorithm in mining hidden fault state information are verified.
Based on Particle Group Algorithm of Route Planning for Transportable Charging Station
Authors: Ding Xiaoyin , Zhou Jun , Cai Jian , Zhang Jing , Li Taoyong , Liu Zhibin , Liu Boqian
Published: September 2021

Aiming at the problem of path planning for transportable charging stations, a site selection model and path planning model for dedicated routes for transportable charging stations are proposed. The path planning problem model includes the vehicle path problem and the dynamic path problem, and the path planning model is emphatically studied. Considering the network optimization model of chargers and transportable charging station paths, by establishing a path planning model, setting parameters and models, using particle swarm algorithm to calculate the path planning model of chargers and mobile charging stations (Vehicle Routing Problem Considering Stationary and Movable Charging Points (referred to as “VRP-SMCP”) is solved, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm is verified through comparative analysis of calculation examples, and the optimal path planning under the condition of minimizing cost is obtained.
Monocular Depth Estimation via Convolutional Neural Network with Attention Module
Authors: Lan Lingling , Zhang Yaping , Yang Yuwei
Published: September 2021

The depth accurately estimated from the RGB image can be used in applications such as 3D reconstruction and scene display. In depth estimation, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) plays an important role. However, most of the existing CNN-based depth estimation methods often do not take full advantage of the space and channel information in the local receptive field, resulting in lower-resolution depth maps. Based on the extant Encoder-Decoder network architecture, a simple and effective attention module is introduced to learn the discerning feature and the semantic feature in this paper. First, the intermediate feature map is generated by the encoder, and then the attention module is used to generate the attention maps along the two dimensions of the space and channel of the feature map. Finally, the refined output generated by multiplying the attention maps to intermediate feature maps is input to the subsequent neural network for further work. Our works show that the suggest approach has obtained good achievements on NYU Depth v2.
Posture Data Automatic Extraction of Ornamental Turtle Based on Computer Vision Technology
Authors: Ma Yinchi , Wei Wei
Published: September 2021

The posture data of ornamental turtle is a quantitative index to evaluate the quality of the turtle. From the young turtle to the adult turtle, the posture data is constantly changing and the quality can also change accordingly. An integrated observation platform is designed and implemented. The automatic extraction of five posture data, i.e., the length of carapace, the width of carapace, the height of carapace, the length of plastron, and the width of plastron, is realized by using OpenCV based computer vision technology. The results of the experiment and the data of artificial measurement were compared and analyzed. The average fitting degree of the two values reached 99.2%. This method can extract the posture data of ornamental turtle quickly and accurately, and then track its growth and development. It will greatly reduce the workload of data collection in the process of ornamental turtle breeding, and effectively improve the accuracy of data collection. At the same time, it will reduce the risk of damage, and have important production and application value.
Applying Particle Swarm Intelligence in PolSAR Image Clustering
Authors: Zhu Teng , Gao Zhaozhong , Huang Tielan , Shen Chen
Published: September 2021

The clustering problem of polarimetric SAR image is an optimization problem with high dimension and large amount of data. Aiming at the problem that the classical unsupervised classification methods for High Resolution Polarimetric SAR images are difficult to find the global optimal solution. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm was proposed in High Resolution PolSAR images clustering. For the first beginning, the scattering eigenvalues of PolSAR data were used for initial classification, and then followed by the computation of clustering center and initialization of PSO algorithm, finally the particle swarm are introduced in the iterative steps to reduce noise effect and improve the classification results. The performance of this novel method is demonstrated in experiments using L-Band PolSAR image of San Francisco Bay.
Research on Error Concealment for Video Communication
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Xiangqun
Published: September 2021

The video sequence restoration described in this article has been extended to many areas of our lives today. People use it to perform various restoration tasks, making it possible for some pictures that were impossible to restore in the past. This paper uses experimental methods to study the error concealment and traditional image restoration in video compression, and mainly studies the CDD model algorithm, TV model algorithm and error mode. This article also has a very important meaning for the related research of video communication error control, that is, the research of digital image restoration technology, in the post-processing of film and television works, the fuzzification of network video, and the restoration of old documentaries.
Research on Data Gateway for Ship Based on Dynamic Adaptation
Authors: Tong Liang , Chen Xuemei , Zheng Pengfei
Published: September 2021

In view of the immature status of the old-fashioned ship information collection and data analysis system in inland rivers, after analyzing the characteristics of ship navigation information, the problem of low efficiency, inaccuracy and poor real-time information collection is solved. Starting from ship equipment (such as main engine, power station, control system, etc), a ship data acquisition gateway based on dynamic adaptation is designed. Based on the principle of making full use of the old system of marine equipment in the engine room, a multi-protocol data acquisition method based on an adaptive model is constructed, which realizes the separation of information acquisition and information use, eliminates all the close coupling relations between system equipment and applications, and realizes the integration of different data information on the ship and the dynamic display management function on the client.
Identification of Tomato Pests and Diseases Based on Transfer Learning
Authors: Yang Liu , Yu Limin , Tao Sha , Yang Zhenghong , Gao Wanlin , Ren Yanzhao
Published: September 2021

There are numerous kinds of tomato diseases and insect pests. Their pathology is complex and different. It is hard to rely on manual identification purely and the error rate is high. After collecting a mass of leaf table pictures, our aim is to classify nine kinds of common tomato diseases in China. The idea of transfer learning is applied to achieve recognition and classification of tomato data set by the lightweight convolutional neural MobileNet. Finally, the model can obtain test classification accuracy of 97.19%. Experiments have proved that this method is not only simple to operate and easy to implement, but also can achieve high accuracy on plant diseases.
Research on Application of Assembling Parts Method Based on Virtual Reality Technology in Interior Design
Authors: Xie Guanyi , Chang Xiaowen
Published: September 2021

The research of this article originated from the reflection on the methods of interior design training after the intervention of new technologies. Due to the wide application of virtual reality technology, it can intuitively display the material, texture, color and other very concrete things of interior design. It helps designers form a good spatial perception ability, thereby solving the problem that traditional design tools cannot solve the problem of insufficient expressiveness of hand drawings and models. However, the designer always pays attention to the description of the details. This kind of interior design usually has a good partial decorative effect. At this time, the internal abstraction order is often ignored by us. As a result, there is a contradiction between the concrete perception and the abstract order, and the effect of interior design based on VR technology is out of touch. Therefore, how to harmonize and unify the concrete perception and abstract order of interior design based on virtual reality technology is my focus. In this paper, the assembly method is applied to the interior design involving virtual reality technology. Through the operability, repeatability, and strong logic of the assembly method, the contradiction between the above-mentioned concrete perception and the abstract order is solved, and the application of virtual reality technology is realized.