bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Referral practices for epilepsy surgery in pediatric patients: A North American Study
Authors: Buttle Sarah Grace , Muir Katherine , Dehnoei Sajjad , Webster Richard , Tu Albert
Published: November 2021

Objective

Patients with epilepsy who do not respond to two trials of appropriate antiepileptic drugs are considered to have drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE). The International League Against Epilepsy recommends patients with DRE be referred for surgical evaluation; however, prior literature suggests this is an underutilized intervention, especially in the pediatric setting. This study captures practices of North American pediatric neurologists regarding the management of DRE and factors that may promote or limit referrals for epilepsy surgical evaluation.

Methods

A REDCap survey was distributed via the Child Neurology Society mailing list to pediatric neurologists practicing in North America. Ethics approval from the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Ethics Board was granted prior to the start of data collection.

Results

Ninety‐eight responses were included in the analysis; 77% of participants currently practice in the United States; 73.5% of respondents reported they would refer a patient for surgical consultation after two failed medications. Of all potential predictors tested in a binary logistic regression model, only annual referral volume predicted whether participants refer patients after three or more failed medications. Centers with high referral volume were 37% more likely to adhere to the guideline of referral after two failed medications.

Significance

Pediatric neurologists demonstrate fair knowledge of formal recommendations to refer patients for surgical evaluation after two failed medication trials, although referral rates remain unacceptably low. Participants continue to report that they would not refer patients with generalized electroencephalographic findings for surgical evaluation; this should continue to be addressed. Other modifiable factors reported, especially family perceptions of epilepsy surgery, should be prioritized when developing tools to enhance effective referrals and increase utilization of epilepsy surgery in the management of pediatric DRE.
Large‐scale mitogenome sequencing reveals consecutive expansions of domestic taurine cattle and supports sporadic aurochs introgression
Authors: Cubric‐Curik Vlatka , Novosel Dinko , Brajkovic Vladimir , Rota Stabelli Omar , Krebs Stefan , Sölkner Johann , Šalamon Dragica , Ristov Strahil , Berger Beate , Trivizaki Stamatina , Bizelis Iosif , Ferenčaković Maja , Rothammer Sophie , Kunz Elisabeth , Simčič Mojca , Dovč Peter , Bunevski Gojko , Bytyqi Hysen , Marković Božidarka , Brka Muhamed , Kume Kristaq , Stojanović Srđan , Nikolov Vasil , Zinovieva Natalia , Schönherz Anna Amanda , Guldbrandtsen Bernt , Čačić Mato , Radović Siniša , Miracle Preston , Vernesi Cristiano , Curik Ino , Medugorac Ivica
Published: November 2021

The contribution of domestic cattle in human societies is enormous, making cattle, along with other essential benefits, the economically most important domestic animal in the world today. To expand existing knowledge on cattle domestication and mitogenome diversity, we performed a comprehensive complete mitogenome analysis of the species (802 sequences, 114 breeds). A large sample was collected in South‐east Europe, an important agricultural gateway to Europe during Neolithization and a region rich in cattle biodiversity. We found 1725 polymorphic sites (810 singletons, 853 parsimony‐informative sites and 57 indels), 701 unique haplotypes, a haplotype diversity of 0.9995 and a nucleotide diversity of 0.0015. In addition to the dominant T3 and several rare haplogroups (Q, T5, T4, T2 and T1), we have identified maternal line in Austrian Murbodner cattle that possess surviving aurochs’ mitochondria haplotype P1 that diverged prior to the Neolithization process. This is convincing evidence for rare female‐mediated adaptive introgression of wild aurochs into domesticated cattle in Europe. We revalidated the existing haplogroup classification and provided Bayesian phylogenetic inference with a more precise estimated divergence time than previously available. Occasionally, classification based on partial mitogenomes was not reliable; for example, some individuals with haplogroups P and T5 were not recognized based on D‐loop information. Bayesian skyline plot estimates (median) show that the earliest population growth began before domestication in cattle with haplogroup T2, followed by Q (~10.0–9.5 kyBP), whereas cattle with T3 (~7.5 kyBP) and T1 (~3.0–2.5 kyBP) expanded later. Overall, our results support the existence of interactions between aurochs and cattle during domestication and dispersal of cattle in the past, contribute to the conservation of maternal cattle diversity and enable functional analyses of the surviving aurochs P1 mitogenome.
Accounting for variability when resurrecting dormant propagules substantiates their use in eco‐evolutionary studies
Authors: Vahsen Megan L. , Gentile Rachel M. , Summers Jennifer L. , Kleiner Helena S. , Foster Benjamin , McCormack Regina M. , James Evan W. , Koch Rachel A. , Metts Dailee L. , Saunders Colin , Megonigal James Patrick , Blum Michael J. , McLachlan Jason S.
Published: November 2021

There has been a steady rise in the use of dormant propagules to study biotic responses to environmental change over time. This is particularly important for organisms that strongly mediate ecosystem processes, as changes in their traits over time can provide a unique snapshot into the structure and function of ecosystems from decades to millennia in the past. Understanding sources of bias and variation is a challenge in the field of resurrection ecology, including those that arise because often‐used measurements like seed germination success are imperfect indicators of propagule viability. Using a Bayesian statistical framework, we evaluated sources of variability and tested for zero‐inflation and overdispersion in data from 13 germination trials of soil‐stored seeds of Schoenoplectus americanus, an ecosystem engineer in coastal salt marshes in the Chesapeake Bay. We hypothesized that these two model structures align with an ecological understanding of dormancy and revival: zero‐inflation could arise due to failed germinations resulting from inviability or failed attempts to break dormancy, and overdispersion could arise by failing to measure important seed traits. A model that accounted for overdispersion, but not zero‐inflation, was the best fit to our data. Tetrazolium viability tests corroborated this result: most seeds that failed to germinate did so because they were inviable, not because experimental methods failed to break their dormancy. Seed viability declined exponentially with seed age and was mediated by seed provenance and experimental conditions. Our results provide a framework for accounting for and explaining variability when estimating propagule viability from soil‐stored natural archives which is a key aspect of using dormant propagules in eco‐evolutionary studies.
MicroRNA profiling of psoriatic skin identifies 11 miRNAs associated with disease severity
Authors: Solvin Åshild Ø. , Chawla Konika , Olsen Lene C. , Hegre Siv Anita , Danielsen Kjersti , Jenssen Marita , Furberg Anne‐Sofie , Saunes Marit , Hveem Kristian , Sætrom Pål , Løset Mari
Published: November 2021

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that have emerged as central regulators of gene expression and powerful biomarkers of disease. Much is yet unknown about their role in psoriasis pathology. To globally characterize the miRNAome of psoriatic skin, skin biopsies were collected from psoriatic cases (n = 75) and non‐psoriatic controls (n = 46) and RNA sequenced. Count data were meta‐analysed with a previously published dataset (cases,n = 24, controls,n = 20), increasing the number of psoriatic cases fourfold from previously published studies. Differential gene expression analyses were performed comparing lesional psoriatic (PP), non‐lesional psoriatic (PN) and control (NN) skin. Further, functional enrichment and cell‐specific analyses were performed. Across all contrasts, we identified 439 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs), of which 85 were novel for psoriasis and 11 were related to disease severity. Meta‐analyses identified 20 DEMs between PN and NN, suggesting an inherent change in the constitution of all skin in psoriasis. By integrating the miRNA transcriptome with mRNA target interactions, we identified several functionally enriched terms, including “thyroid hormone signalling,” “insulin resistance” and various infectious diseases. Cell‐specific expression analyses revealed that the upregulated DEMs were enriched in epithelial and immune cells. This study provides the most comprehensive overview of the miRNAome in psoriatic skin to date and identifies a miRNA signature related to psoriasis severity. Our results may represent molecular links between psoriasis and related comorbidities and have outlined potential directions for future functional studies to identify biomarkers and treatment targets.
Light‐dependent reactions of animal circadian photoreceptor cryptochrome
Authors: Ozturk Nuri
Published: November 2021

Circadian rhythms are endogenous autonomous 24‐h oscillations that are generated by a transcription–translation feedback loop (TTFL). In the positive arm of the TTFL, two transcription factors activate the expression of two genes of the negative arm as well as circadian clock‐regulated genes. The circadian clocks are reset through photoreceptor proteins by sunlight in the early morning to keep synchrony with the geological clock. Among animal circadian photoreceptors, Drosophila Cryptochrome (DmCRY) has some unique properties because Drosophila has a single cryptochrome (CRY) that appears to have functions which are specific to organs or tissues, or even to a subset of cells. In mammals, CRYs are not photoreceptors but function in the TTFL, while insects have a light‐insensitive mammalian‐like CRY or a Drosophila‐like photoreceptor CRY (or both). Here, we postulate that as being just one CRY in Drosophila, DmCRY might play different roles in different tissues/organs in a context‐dependent manner. In addition to being a circadian photoreceptor/protein, attributing also a magnetoreception function to DmCRY has increased its workload. Considering that DmCRY senses photons as a photoreceptor but also can regulate many different events in a light‐dependent manner, differential protein–protein interactions (PPIs) of DmCRY might play a critical role in the generation of such diverse outputs. Therefore, we need to add novel approaches in addition to the current ones to study multiple and context‐dependent functions of DmCRY by adopting recently developed techniques. Successful identification of transient/fast PPIs on a scale of minutes would enhance our understanding of light‐dependent and/or magnetoreception‐associated reactions.
Temperature impact on the influence of penguin‐derived nutrients and mosses on non‐native grass in a simulated polar ecosystem
Authors: Bokhorst Stef , Convey Peter , van Logtestijn Richard , Aerts Rien
Published: November 2021

Human activity and climate change are increasing the spread of species across the planet, threatening biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Invasion engineers, such as birds, facilitate plant growth through manuring of soil, while native vegetation influences plant germination by creating suitable microhabitats which are especially valuable in cold and dry polar regions. Here we tested how penguin‐derived nitrogen, several common Antarctic moss species and warming affect seed germination and growth of the non‐native grass Agrostis capillaris under laboratory conditions. Experimental settings included a simulation of contemporary season‐specific Antarctic light and temperature (2°C) conditions and a +5°C warming scenario. Mosses (Andreaea depressinervis, A. regularis, Sanionia uncinata and Chorisodontium aciphyllum) incorporated a range of nitrogen content and isotopic nitrogen signatures (δ15N) due to variation in sampling proximity to penguin colonies. Moss species greatly affected time to germination with consequences for further growth under the simulated Antarctic conditions. Grass seeds germinated 10 days earlier among A. regularis compared to S. uncinata and C. aciphyllum and 26 days earlier compared to A. depressinervis. Moss‐specific effects are likely related to microclimatic differences within the moss canopy. Warming reduced this moss influence. Grass emerged on average 20 days earlier under warming, leading to increased leaf count (88%), plant height (112%) and biomass (145%). Positive correlations were identified between moss and grass nitrogen content (r = 0.377), grass biomass (r = 0.332) and height (r = 0.742) with stronger effects under the warming scenario. Transfer of nitrogen from moss to grass was confirmed by δ15N (r = 0.803). Overall, the results suggest a shift from temperature‐limited to N‐limited growth of invasive plants under increased warming in the maritime Antarctic.
Rising temperature modulates pH niches of fen species
Authors: Hájek Michal , Těšitel Jakub , Tahvanainen Teemu , Peterka Tomáš , Jiménez‐Alfaro Borja , Jansen Florian , Pérez‐Haase Aaron , Garbolino Emmanuel , Carbognani Michele , Kolari Tiina H. M. , Hájková Petra , Jandt Ute , Aunina Liene , Pawlikowski Paweł , Ivchenko Tatiana , Tomaselli Marcello , Tichý Lubomír , Dítě Daniel , Plesková Zuzana , Mikulášková Eva
Published: November 2021

Rising temperatures may endanger fragile ecosystems because their character and key species show different habitat affinities under different climates. This assumption has only been tested in limited geographical scales. In fens, one of the most endangered ecosystems in Europe, broader pH niches have been reported from cold areas and are expected for colder past periods. We used the largest European‐scale vegetation database from fens to test the hypothesis that pH interacts with macroclimate temperature in forming realized niches of fen moss and vascular plant species. We calibrated the data set (29,885 plots after heterogeneity‐constrained resampling) with temperature, using two macroclimate variables, and with the adjusted pH, a variable combining pH and calcium richness. We modelled temperature, pH and water level niches for one hundred species best characterizing European fens using generalized additive models and tested the interaction between pH and temperature. Fifty‐five fen species showed a statistically significant interaction between pH and temperature (adj p ˂ .01). Forty‐six of them (84%) showed a positive interaction manifested by a shift or restriction of their niche to higher pH in warmer locations. Nine vascular plants and no moss showed the opposite interaction. Mosses showed significantly greater interaction. We conclude that climate significantly modulates edaphic niches of fen plants, especially bryophytes. This result explains previously reported regional changes in realized pH niches, a current habitat‐dependent decline of endangered taxa, and distribution changes in the past. A warmer climate makes growing seasons longer and warmer, increases productivity, and may lower the water level. These effects prolong the duration and intensity of interspecific competition, support highly competitive Sphagnum mosses, and, as such, force niches of specialized fen species towards narrower high‐pH ranges. Recent anthropogenic landscape changes pose a severe threat to many fen species and call for mitigation measures to lower competition pressure in their refugia.
Critical geographies of transport and mobility: Studying power relations through practice, academia, and activism
Authors: Cidell Julie , Acosta‐Córdova José , Pimentel Rivera Andrea , Zapata Ricardo
Published: November 2021

Over the last decade, there has been increasing interest among geographers in a critical perspective on studies of transportation and mobility, or studies that take into account the power relations within systems of transportation that produce space, place, mobility, and/or identity. This ever‐growing body of work includes people who might not consider themselves as transportation geographers per se, but nevertheless are expanding geographies of transportation beyond the traditional focus on vehicles, infrastructure, and economics. In this article, we review such work from three different perspectives: critical studies of professional practice, the interdisciplinary approach of Caribbean Studies, and the work of activists and scholar‐activists to connect environmental justice with mobility justice.
Pragmatism as a paradigm for patient‐oriented research
Authors: Allemang Brooke , Sitter Kathleen , Dimitropoulos Gina
Published: November 2021

Background

Mixed methods research studies continue to pervade the field of health care, where pragmatism as a research paradigm and patient‐oriented research (POR) as an engagement strategy are combined to strengthen the process and outcomes of the research. Pragmatists use the most appropriate research methods to address issues at hand, where complex social problems need multipronged approaches. As an emerging healthcare research strategy, POR actively engages individuals with lived experience across all stages of the research process. While POR continues to garner attention within mixed‐methods research designs, there is a paucity of literature that considers POR in relation to pragmatism.

Objective

As POR grows in popularity within the field of health care, there is a need to explore the theoretical and epistemological alignment with pragmatism and the implications to research.

Methods

To address this need, we provide a critical review of the literature to examine the synergies between POR and pragmatism, and argue for the adoption of pragmatism as a paradigm for conducting POR.

Main Results

This article begins with a discussion of the philosophical underpinnings informing the pragmatic paradigm. It then identifies key alignments between POR and pragmatism across three intersecting concepts: democratic values, collaborative approaches to problem‐solving and the pursuit of social justice.

Discussion and Conclusions

Reflecting on our experiences engaging with patient partners in a mixed‐methods POR study titled READY2Exit, we illustrate the relevance of pragmatism to POR by applying these concepts to practice. Implications and considerations for conducting POR within the pragmatic paradigm are also described.

Patient or Public Contribution

This paper provides a critical review of the literature and did not directly involve patients or the public. The authors reflected on their experiences collaborating with five young adult patient partners in the READY2Exit study (case exemplar described in this article) to demonstrate the relevance of the pragmatic paradigm to POR. We acknowledge and thank the young adult patient partners for their contributions to the research, for encouraging us to think critically about patient engagement in research, and for sharing their experiences.
Patterns of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae infection of three salmonid species in large, deep Norwegian lakes
Authors: Oredalen Tone Jøran , Sæbø Mona , Mo Tor Atle
Published: November 2021

Proliferative kidney disease (PKD), caused by the myxozoan endoparasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, is of serious ecological and economical concern to wild and farmed salmonids. Wild salmonid populations have declined due to PKD, primarily in rivers, in Europe and North America. Deep lakes are also important habitats for salmonids, and this work aimed to investigate parasite presence in five deep Norwegian lakes. Kidney samples from three salmonid species from deep lakes were collected and tested using real‐time PCR to detect PKD parasite presence. We present the first detection of T. bryosalmonae in European whitefish in Norway for the first time, as well as the first published documentation of the parasite in kidneys of Arctic charr, brown trout and whitefish in four lakes. The observed prevalence of the parasite was higher in populations of brown trout than of Arctic charr and whitefish. The parasite was detected in farmed, but not in wild, charr in one lake. This suggests a possible link with a depth of fish habitat and fewer T. bryosalmonae‐infected and PKD‐affected fish. Towards a warmer climate, cold hypolimnion in deep lakes may act as a refuge for wild salmonids, while cold deep water may be used to control PKD in farmed salmonids.
Integrated flood management based on Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point approach
Authors: Škerjanec Mateja , Steinman Franci , Rak Gašper
Published: November 2021

This study proposes to adopt the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) approach and its seven principles to assist integrated flood management and transboundary cooperation in river basins, extending over more municipalities, regions, or states. Although HACCP was initially employed in the food production and processing industry to identify hazards and reduce risks throughout the production process, its principles have already been successfully applied to other sectors, such as water supply and wastewater treatment. The paper focuses (a) on the adaptation of the HACCP approach for integrated flood management, for example, for assessing the impact of planned upstream measures on downstream areas, and (b) on step 3 of the proposed Flood‐HACCP approach establishing critical limits for CCPs. For the demonstration purposes, the confluence of the Slovenian part of Drava River and its tributaries, Meža and Mislinja, is selected. Results indicate that keeping the Meža River discharge within the range of ±5% from its initial value would cause only minor local changes of flood situation within the selected case study area. On the other hand, variations to the Mislinja River discharge could change the flood situation to a greater extent and in a more diffuse way.
Couple and family interventions for depressive and bipolar disorders: Evidence base update (2010–2019)
Authors: Wittenborn Andrea K. , Woods Sarah B. , Priest Jacob B. , Morgan Preston C. , Tseng Chi‐Fang , Huerta Patricia , Edwards Caitlin
Published: November 2021

This article systematically reviews the evidence base for couple and family interventions for depressive and bipolar disorders published from 2010 to 2019. Included in the review were intervention studies on depression for couples (n = 6), depression for families (n = 13), and bipolar for families (n = 5); zero studies on couple interventions for bipolar were located. Well‐established interventions include cognitive and/or behavioral couple and family interventions for depression and psychoeducational family interventions for bipolar. Attachment‐based couple and family interventions for depression are probably efficacious. Finally, family psychoeducation for depression is possibly efficacious, and integrative couple interventions and family play‐based interventions for depression are experimental. Couple and family interventions also improved relationship dynamics, which is noteworthy since poor relationships are associated with non‐remission, relapse, and recurrence of depressive and bipolar symptoms. Future research is needed on couple interventions for bipolar disorders and interventions for minoritized populations.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Xueyan , Wang Shuhui , Wang Guangpeng
Published: November 2021

Aim

The current systematic review aimed to present the pooled estimated prevalence and risk factors of PPD.

Background

Postpartum depression seriously affects the physical and mental health of the mother and child. However, high‐quality meta‐analysis is limited, which restricts the screening and intervention of postpartum depression.

Design

A systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for cohort and case‐control studies investigating the prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression from inception to December 31st, 2020. Meta‐analyses were performed to identify postpartum depression prevalence and risk factors using a random‐effects model.

Results

Of the 33 citations evaluated, 27 reported the prevalence of postpartum depression in 33 separate study populations containing 133,313.

subjects. Pooled prevalence in all studies was 14.0% (95%CI, 12.0%–15.0%). The prevalence varied according to country (from 5.0% to 26.32%) and developing countries, especially China, have a high prevalence of postpartum depression. The following risk factors were associated with postpartum depression: gestational diabetes mellitus(OR = 2.71, 95%CI 1.78–4.14, I2 = 0.0%), depression during pregnancy(OR = 2.40, 95%CI 1.96–2.93, I2 = 96.7%), pregnant women give birth to boys(OR = 1.62; 95%CI 1.28–2.05; I2 = 0.0%), history of depression during pregnancy(OR = 4.82, 95%CI 1.32–17.54, I2 = 74.9%), history of depression(OR = 3.09, 95%CI 1.62–5.93, I2 = 86.5%) and epidural anaesthesia during delivery(OR = .81, 95%CI .13–4.87, I2 = 90.1%).

Conclusions

The prevalence of postpartum depression seems to be high, especially in developing countries. Gestational diabetes mellitus, depression during pregnancy, pregnant women give birth to boys, history of depression during pregnancy, history of depression, epidural anaesthesia during delivery were identified as risk factors for postpartum depression. Understanding the risk factors of PPD can provide the healthcare personnel with the theoretical basis for the patients’ management and treatment.

Implications for practice: This systematic review and meta‐analysis identified six significant risk factors for PPD, which provides nurses with a theoretical basis for managing and treating women with PPD to effectively improve the screening rate, intervention rate and referral rate of women with PPD.
Cultural Biases in Equity Analysis
Authors: PURSIAINEN VESA
Published: November 2021

A more positive cultural trust bias by an equity analyst's country of origin toward a firm's headquarter country is associated with significantly more positive stock recommendations. The cultural bias effect is stronger for eponymous firms whose names mention their home country and varies over time, increasing with negative sentiment. I find evidence of a negative North‐South bias during the European debt crisis and United Kingdom‐Europe divergence amid Brexit. Share price reactions to recommendations by more biased analysts are weaker, and more biased recommendations are worse predictors of monthly stock returns. More positively biased analysts also assign higher target prices.
Skill, Scale, and Value Creation in the Mutual Fund Industry
Authors: BARRAS LAURENT , GAGLIARDINI PATRICK , SCAILLET OLIVIER
Published: November 2021

We develop a flexible and bias‐adjusted approach to jointly examine skill, scalability, and value‐added across individual funds. We find that skill and scalability (i) vary substantially across funds, and (ii) are strongly related, as great investment ideas are difficult to scale up. The combination of skill and scalability produces a value‐added that (i) is positive for the majority of funds, and (ii) approaches its optimal level after an adjustment period (possibly due to investor learning). These results are consistent with theoretical models in which funds are skilled and able to extract economic rents from capital markets.
Distinct colony boundaries and larval discrimination in polygyne red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta)
Authors: Kjeldgaard MacKenzie K. , Eyer Pierre‐André , McMichael Collin C. , Bockoven Alison A. , King Joanie T. , Hyodo Ayumi , Boutton Thomas W. , Vargo Edward L. , Eubanks Micky D.
Published: November 2021

Evaluating the factors that promote invasive ant abundance is critical to assess their ecological impact and inform their management. Many invasive ant species show reduced nestmate recognition and an absence of boundaries between unrelated nests, which allow populations to achieve greater densities due to reduced intraspecific competition. We examined nestmate discrimination and colony boundaries in introduced populations of the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta; hereafter, fire ant). Fire ants occur in two social forms: monogyne (colonies with a single egg‐laying queen) and polygyne (colonies with multiple egg‐laying queens). In contrast with monogyne nests, polygyne nests are thought to be interconnected due to the reduced antagonism between non‐nestmate polygyne workers, perhaps because polygyne workers habituate the colony to an odour unique to Gp‐9b‐carrying adults. However, colony boundaries and nestmate discrimination are poorly documented, particularly for worker‐brood interactions. To delimit boundaries between field colonies, we correlated the exchange of a 15N‐glycine tracer dissolved in a sucrose solution with social form. We also evaluated nestmate discrimination between polygyne workers and larvae in the laboratory. Counter to our expectations, polygyne colonies behaved identically to monogyne colonies, suggesting both social forms maintain strict colony boundaries. Polygyne workers also preferentially fed larval nestmates and may have selectively cannibalized non‐nestmates. The levels of relatedness among workers in polygyne colonies was higher than those previously reported in North America (mean ± standard error: 0.269 ± 0.037). Our study highlights the importance of combining genetic analyses with direct quantification of resource exchange to better understand the factors influencing ant invasions.
The effectiveness of e‐health interventions for the treatment of overweight or obesity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Azevedo Liane B. , Stephenson John , Ells Louisa , Adu‐Ntiamoah Shirley , DeSmet Ann , Giles Emma L. , Haste Anna , O'Malley Claire , Jones Daniel , Chai Li Kheng , Burrows Tracy , Collins Clare E. , van Grieken Amy , Hudson Michelle
Published: November 2021

The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to examine the effectiveness of e‐health interventions for the treatment of children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. Databases were searched up to November 2020. Studies were randomized controlled trials where interventions were delivered via e‐health (e.g., computers, tablets, and smartphones, but not phone calls). Studies should target the treatment of overweight or obesity in children or their agent of changes and report body mass index (BMI) or BMI z‐score. A meta‐analysis using a random‐effects model was conducted. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria, and 60% were of high quality. The narrative review revealed variation in behavior change strategies and modes of delivery. The pooled mean reduction in BMI or BMI z‐score showed evidence for a nonzero effect (standardized mean difference = −0.31, 95% confidence interval −0.49 to −0.13), with moderately high heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 74%, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed high heterogeneity in studies with a high or unclear risk of bias. E‐health interventions can be effective in treating children and adolescents with overweight and obesity and should be considered by practitioners and policymakers. However, an understanding of the most effective and acceptable intervention components, long‐term benefits, and sustainability should be further studied.
Severe hypertriglyceridemia following sirolimus use in an infant
Authors: Clark Hannah , Schulte Rachael , Haggstrom Anita N.
Published: November 2021

Inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin function to downregulate cell growth and proliferation and have off‐label use in pediatrics for vascular malformations. Hypertriglyceridemia is a known side effect of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. Further studies to better understand the incidence and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in infants and neonates are warranted.
Preservation of native sigmoid colon for secondary continent cystostomy after multivisceral transplantation for chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction
Authors: Grosman Julien , Aigrain Yves , Goulet Olivier , Lacaille Florence , Capito Carmen , Chardot Christophe
Published: November 2021

Chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction (CIPO) is characterized by severe digestive +/‐ urinary dysmotility. If the conservative management fails, multivisceral transplantation (MVT) may be needed. However, urinary dysmotility remains after MVT and requires to continue urinary catheterizations and/or drainage. We report on a boy with severe CIPO complicated by (1) chronic intestinal obstruction requiring total parenteral nutrition, decompression gastrostomy, and ileostomy; (2) recurrent line infections; (3) hepatic fibrosis; and (4) distension of the bladder and upper urinary tract, and recurrent urinary infections, leading to non‐continent cystostomy for urinary drainage. He underwent MVT at the age of 5 years. The transplant included the liver, stomach, duodenum and pancreas, small bowel, and right colon. The distal native sigmoid colon was preserved. Fifteen months later, he underwent a pull through of the transplanted right colon (Duhamel's procedure), together with a tube continent cystostomy (Monti's procedure) using the native sigmoid. Postoperative course was uneventful, and the remaining ileostomy was closed 3 months later. Five years post‐transplant, he is alive and well. He is fed by mouth with complementary gastrostomy feeding at night. He has 3–6 stools per day, with occasional soiling. The cystostomy is used for intermittent urinary catheterization 4 times/day and continuous drainage at night. He is dry, with rare afebrile urinary infections, normal renal function, and un‐dilated upper urinary tract. Conclusion: in severe CIPO with urinary involvement, preservation of the distal native sigmoid colon during MVT allows secondary creation of a continent tube cystostomy, which is useful to manage persistent urinary disease.
Prejudice as the misattribution of salience☆
Authors: Munton Jessie
Published: November 2021

What does it take to be prejudiced against a particular group? And is prejudice always epistemically problematic, or are there epistemically innocent forms of prejudice? In this paper, I argue that certain important forms of prejudice can be wholly constituted by the differential accessibility of certain pieces of information. These accessibility relations constitute a salience structure. A subject is prejudiced against a particular group when their salience structure is unduly organised around that category. This is significant because it reveals that prejudice does not require the presence of any explicit cognitive or emotive attitude, nor need it manifest in behaviour: it can be solely constituted by the organisation of information, where that information may be accurate and well‐founded. Nonetheless, by giving an account of ‘undue organisation’ in epistemic terms, I show that this account is compatible with an understanding of prejudice as a negatively valenced epistemic category.
Evaluation of systemic immunity in atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi
Authors: Laurenti Márcia Dalastra , Sosa‐Ochoa Wilfredo , Araujo Flores Gabriela Venicia , Sandoval Pacheco Carmen Maria , Tomokane Thaise Yumie , Oliveira Luanda Mara da Silva , Zúniga Concepción , Silveira Fernando Tobias , Corbett Carlos Eduardo Pereira
Published: November 2021

In some central‐American countries, Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi infection can cause non‐ulcerated or atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis (NUCL) in addition to the classic clinical form, visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Little is known about the host‐parasite relationship that can contribute to the determination of one or another clinical form. The present study had the objective to evaluate the humoral and cellular immunity in the sera of individuals affected by NUCL to improve the comprehension of this atypical host‐parasite interaction. Based on clinical and laboratory diagnosis, serum of 80 individuals was collected to evaluate the cytokines and immunoglobulins profile of NUCL (n = 47), VL patients (n = 5), and negative controls (n = 28). Cytokines were detected using Cytokine Bead Array (CBA) Human Th1/Th2/Th17 kit according to the manufacturer's instructions; class (IgG and IgM), and subclass of (IgG1 and IgG2) immunoglobulins was evaluated by ELISA using specific antigens. The concentration of TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐2 and IL‐4 cytokines in NUCL, VL and control was present below the detection threshold of CBA kit. IL‐6, IL‐10 and IL‐17A cytokines was lower in NUCL compared to LV patients. Regarding to immunoglobulins, NUCL patients produced 4.0 times more IgG than the control, while VL patients produced 6.6 times more; and IgM level was 1.6 times higher in NUCL and 2.6 times in VL patients compared to the control. Concerning the immunoglobulins subclass, only VL patients showed positive reaction for IgG1, and IgG2 did not show positive reaction among the groups. The results showed a weak cellular and humoral systemic immune response in NUCL patients.
Maximizing realized yield by breeding for disease tolerance: A case study for Septoria tritici blotch
Authors: van den Bosch Frank , Smith Julie , Wright Paul , Milne Alice , van den Berg Femke , Kock‐Appelgren Petra , Foulkes John , Paveley Neil
Published: November 2021

Disease‐tolerant cultivars maintain yield in the presence of disease. When disease intensity is high, they can improve a grower's net return compared to less tolerant cultivars. Many authors report a trade‐off, whereby higher fully protected yields are correlated with a lower disease tolerance. We analyse the question for breeders: to what extent should they breed for tolerance when it compromises maximizing fully protected yield? Field trials with 147 progeny from five parental crosses of wheat were used to measure yield and tolerance under a range of disease intensities from Septoria tritici blotch (STB; causal organism Zymoseptoria tritici) at a range of sites and seasons. The data define the variation for these traits from which breeders can select. A simple data‐driven descriptive model was used to calculate the combination of tolerance and fully protected yield that maximizes actual yield for any given level of disease—quantified by loss of healthy canopy area duration (HAD‐loss). This model was combined with data on the year‐to‐year variability of HAD‐loss in the UK to calculate the tolerance and fully protected yield that maximizes the mean actual yield. We found that even when an effective fungicide treatment programme is applied, breeding for tolerance increases the mean actual yield. Some commercially available cultivars were found to have a level of tolerance that leads to yields close to the maximum yield in the presence of disease, others had a lower tolerance leading to suboptimal yields.
Detection of lipid peroxidation in dog spermatozoa with the fluorescent dye C11‐BODIPY581/591
Authors: Gallelli Maria F. , Allera Cecilia , Moncalvo Evangelina , Caldevilla Mariana , Miragaya Marcelo , Monachesi Norma
Published: November 2021

C11‐BODIPY581/591 is a fluorescent probe that has been successfully used to evaluate lipid peroxidation in different species, but it has not been completely studied in the dog. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess lipid peroxidation of dog spermatozoa using C11‐BODIPY581/591 and compare different positive controls of the technique. Twenty‐four ejaculates were collected from 8 adult male dogs. Routine seminal characteristics were evaluated in raw semen. Lipid peroxidation evaluation was performed as described in other species. Samples were divided in three aliquots, exposed to UV radiation, incubated with hydrogen peroxide or left without treatment (control). Lipid peroxidation was significantly greater only in UV‐exposed samples than in the control ones (91 ± 6% vs. 8.3 ± 3.5%, p ˂ .01). In conclusion, C11‐BODIPY581/591 is useful to evaluate lipid peroxidation of dog spermatozoa and UV radiation is a good promoter of membrane oxidation, so irradiated samples can be used as a positive control of this technique.
Value orientations and support for guaranteed income
Authors: Richards Donald R. , Steiger Thomas L
Published: November 2021

Background

The idea of a “guaranteed annual income” (GAI) is at least 40 years old. While debated by academics and experimented with in several countries, it has not carried much weight in US public opinion until recently. Andrew Yang's support for it in his run for the 2020 Democrat nomiation for US President and the recently completed “Stockton Experiment” has garnered more press attention.

Objective

Examine support for a guaranteed annual income (GAI) in relation to attitudes regarding the role of work as an individual and social value.

Methods

A representative sample of United States adults were surveyed about their attitudes toward work, their view of government and support for GAI.

Results

A solid majority support GAI. This support comes in the face of a rather strong endorsement of the work ethic. Far from seeing the GAI as a disincentive to work, respondents indicate, on the whole, that they would not reduce their work hours if they received a GAI.

Conclusion

Data were collected during a pandemic that disrupted daily life. Thus, people may be ready to re‐examine some basic assumptions about the roles that state and market should play in society as well as re‐examine just what they are willing to define as “fair” and “just” in terms of economic responsibilities and rewards.
Developing Algorithm Based on Activity and Mobility for Pressure Ulcer Risk Among Older Adult Residents: Implications for Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Avsar Pinar , Budri Aglecia , Patton Declan , Walsh Simone , Moore Zena
Published: November 2021

Background

A pressure ulcer (PU) is a localized injury to the skin or underlying tissue usually over a bony prominence. The prevention PU per patient per day is costly; therefore, the detection of a PU at its earliest stage is imperative to afford timely interventions. Currently, there are very few clinically useful tools to assist with early PU detection and prevention.

Aim

There were two primary aims of this study: (1) to investigate the relationship between activity, mobility, and PU development; and (2) to ascertain the next steps for delineating an algorithm based on activity and mobility for detecting PU risk among older adult residents in long‐term care.

Method

This quantitative, prospective, descriptive, non‐experimental study was conducted between July 2019 and March 2020 among 53 older adult residents who were followed for 4 consecutive days. Participants’ Braden score, Elderly Mobility Scale (EMS) score, Movement Level, and 6‐item Cognitive Impairment Test score were assessed. Further, the sacrum and heels were assessed daily using a non‐invasive subepidermal moisture (SEM) scanner and visual skin assessment (VSA). SEM values > 0.5 were considered as indicative of the presence of an SEM‐PU.

Results

The incidence rate of VSA‐PU was 15.1% (N = 8). There was an incidence of 87.5% (N = 42) of SEM‐PU damage. According to the Braden subscale, Mobility Braden, most of the participants (62.2%, N = 33) were assessed as having no limitations/slightly limited mobility, while the EMS indicated that most of the participants (67.9%, N = 36) were classed in an independent category. From the 42 SEM‐PUs observed, 62% (N = 26) occurred among the low movers, and 38% (N = 16) occurred among the high movers.

Linking Evidence to Action

Using traditional methods for the assessment of movement does not provide insight into the protective nature of the movement. Given that both low‐ and high‐moving patients can develop tissue damage, it is important to focus on the assessment of movement using more objective measures and algorithms, which enable real‐time assessment of the protective nature of the movement. This would enable development of person‐centered PU prevention strategies to reduce the burden of this significant healthcare problem.
Exponential mixing of frame flows for convex cocompact hyperbolic manifolds
Authors: Sarkar Pratyush , Winter Dale
Published: November 2021

The aim of this paper is to establish exponential mixing of frame flows for convex cocompact hyperbolic manifolds of arbitrary dimension with respect to the Bowen–Margulis–Sullivan measure. Some immediate applications include an asymptotic formula for matrix coefficients with an exponential error term as well as the exponential equidistribution of holonomy of closed geodesics. The main technical result is a spectral bound on transfer operators twisted by holonomy, which we obtain by building on Dolgopyat's method.
Identifying COVID-19 and H1N1 vaccination hesitancy or refusal among health care providers across North America, the United Kingdom, Europe, and Australia: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Gallant Allyson J. , Steenbeek Audrey , Curran Janet A.
Published: November 2021

Objective:

The aim of this scoping review is to describe and map the evidence on COVID-19 and H1N1 vaccination hesitancy or refusal among physicians, nurses, and pharmacists across North America, the United Kingdom, Europe, and Australia.

Introduction:

When global pandemics occur, including the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which originated in 2020, and the swine flu influenza pandemic (H1N1) of 2009, there is increased pressure for pharmaceutical companies and government agencies to develop safe and effective vaccines against these highly contagious illnesses. Following development and approvals, it then becomes essential that priority populations, including frontline health care providers, opt to receive these vaccinations to prevent illness and potential transmission to their patients. However, vaccine hesitancy or refusal has played a significant role in suboptimal vaccination rates globally. As health care providers, including physicians, nurses, and pharmacists, often administer vaccines, their vaccination views and behaviors are of great importance because they can directly affect the vaccination decisions of their patients.

Inclusion criteria:

The review will identify factors affecting COVID-19 and H1N1 vaccine hesitancy or refusal among physicians, nurses, and pharmacists across a range of countries. Published and unpublished evidence, including quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods research, and gray literature, will be eligible for inclusion.

Methods:

This scoping review protocol will follow JBI methodology. The search strategy will be developed with support from a health sciences librarian scientist to identify relevant evidence. Screening and data extraction will be conducted by two reviewers, with findings summarized and presented through narrative descriptions, tables, and figures.