bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of Pipe Steel Hot Rolling Technological Process Based on System Analysis
Authors: Shiriaeva Elena , Polyakova Marina
Published: April 2021

Pipe steel sheet is manufactured by hot rolling technological process. Technological regimes of every technological operation can vary in a wide range affecting pipe steel sheet properties. It is shown that system analysis provides the effective way for searching out the basics for mathematical modeling of multi-variant technological processes. The detailed scheme of steel sheet hot rolling process is presented, determining its input and output parameters. Flows of material, energy, and information are presented for each technological operation. Metallurgical concept of pipe steel manufacturing is shown as the basics for competitive product manufacturing. It is proposed to analyze the hot rolling process as a set of target functions, which will make it possible to achieve the pipe steel sheet with the desired level of mechanical properties. The proposed approach based on system analysis allows to find tendencies for further development of hot rolling.
Phase Transformations in the Quenched Alloy Based on Orthorhombic Titanium Aluminide during Heating
Authors: Illarionov Anatoliy G. , Grib Stella V. , Popov A.A.
Published: April 2021

Phase transformations in the alloy based on the orthorhombic titanium aluminide (Ti-24,3Al-24,8Nb-1,4V-1,0Zr-0,6Mo-0,3Si – at. %) were studied by differential thermal analysis. The alloy was quenched from the different phase regions (β+O, β+O+α2+(Vω), β+α2, β) and was subjected to continuous heating up to . It was found that the heating temperature of the O-alloy, which determines its phase state during quenching, affects the temperature ranges, intensity, and stages of the phase transformations during subsequent heating.
Interrelation of CCM (Steel Billet Continuous Casting Machine) Tube Steel Casting Parameters and Hot-Rolled Plate Quality
Authors: Stolyarov A.M. , Buneyeva Ye.A. , Potapova Marina V.
Published: April 2021

The quality of the hot-rolled plate up to 36 mm thick was estimated by the percentage of rolled products, sorted due to the presence of a surface defect "Non-metallic inclusions", and internal defects, detected by ultrasonic plate control. The analysis of the data on the total sorting of hot-rolled plates demonstrated that the amount of sorting differs significantly on the melting from which each series of tubular metal casting commenced, compared to all the other melting in the series. The sorting of the sheets rolled from the metal of the first in a series of melting proved to be 1.9 times higher than that of the metal of all other melts. The main reason (in 68% of cases) of sorting is the presence of non-metallic inclusions on the surface of the plates. The effect of sorting of hot-rolled plates on non-metallic inclusions of various parameters has been studied: the duration of the intermediate ladle-heating; the length of time from the end of the heating of the intermediate ladle, prior to the beginning of the casting; lining temperatures of the intermediate ladle before the beginning of casting; duration of filling the intermediate ladle; the filling rate of the intermediate ladle with metal; mass of metal in the intermediate ladle before the beginning of casting into the crystallizer; chemical composition of metal; overheating of the metal over the liquidus point at the beginning, middle and end of the casting. On the sorting of flat products for non-metallic inclusions, of all the parameters considered, a statistically significant effect is due only to the overheating of the metal above the liquidus point, which varies in the range from 19 to 35 ° C. In order to obtain an acceptable quality of both the surface of slabs and the surface of hot-rolled plates for non-metallic inclusions, the first in a series of melts recommends overheating of the metal in the intermediate ladle above the liquidus temperature of 30-35 ° C.
Development of Cast Cobalt Alloy for SRP Valve Pairs
Authors: Usoltcev Evgenii A. , Furman Evgenii L. , Furman Igor E.
Published: April 2021

The work is devoted to studying of possibility to manufacture cast ball valves of sucker rod oil pumps instead of those manufactured by the powder metallurgy method from Stellite 20 alloy. It is shown that Stellite 20 cast alloy includes about 20% μ and σ brittle phases, destruction whereof, in case of impact-abrasion wear, when excavating oil, leads to quick failure of the valve pair. A new cast cobalt alloy not containing brittle phases has been developed instead of Stellite 20 alloy, which allowed to improve wear resistance of cast valve pairs to the level of valves produced by the powder metallurgy method.
Study of Whiskers to be Used in Composite Materials
Authors: Shishelova Tamara I. , Fedchishin Vadim V. , Khramovskih Mikhail A.
Published: April 2021

Rapid expansion of technologies poses higher requirements to structural materials and items made of them. Conventional materials are being replaced by composite materials (composites). Different additives enhancing the properties of initial materials are used as reinforcement fibers of composites. Utilization of micro-and nanosize particles for production of present-day materials is paid much attention to. Whiskers are among such materials. These crystals have high strength, high chemical and temperature resistance. But for rational utilization of whickers of different chemical composition in composite materials one should know their physical and chemical properties. Objectives of the paper: to study physical and chemical properties of whiskers in different compounds, their composition and structure; to prove experimentally the feasibility of utilizing whiskers as a reinforcement fiber of composite materials. Object of study: specimens of whiskers of silicon nitride (Si3N4), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), aluminum nitride (AlN), and mullite (Al6Si2O13). Methods of investigation: thermal study of specimens, study of mechanical properties and chemical strength, and IR-spectroscopy. Results of study: specimens of whiskers have been studied and their mechanical properties have been tabulated for comparison. Extensive thermal investigation was followed by deduction of regularities and identification of chemical properties of whiskers. IR-spectra of whiskers have been studied and conclusions on molecular composition and on presence of impurities in some whiskers have been made.
Study of Metal, Silicon Carbide Crystals and Ceramic Bond Transfer to the Surface of Titanium Alloy during Grinding
Authors: Nosenko Vladimir A. , Fetisov Alexander V. , Serdyukov Nikita D.
Published: April 2021

The high adhesive activity of titanium alloys in interaction with abrasive materials is the main cause of poor grinding treatment. The most common abrasive material for grinding titanium alloys is silicon carbide. Silicon carbide wheels operate primarily in self-sharpening mode. Wear of the abrasive tool in the self-sharpening mode occurs as a result of brittle destruction of the fret. The purpose of the study was to determine experimentally the crystalline wear products of an abrasive tool, made of silicon carbide, on the treated surface during grinding of a titanium alloy. Samples of VT9 titanium alloy were processed by flat mortise grinding by a wheel of silicon carbide with the use of VOLTES coolant and the characteristic of the abrasive tool - 64CF80L7V. The treated surface was examined on the electron microscope Versa 3D Dual Beam. The condition of the treated surface testifies to the intensive adhesive interaction of the titanium alloy with the abrasive tool. The thickness of the metal deposits reaches 3 microns. As a result of morphological analysis, objects are identified on the treated surface, the appearance of which allows us to attribute them to crystals. The chemical composition of the selected objects was determined by a microprobe analysis in a microscope camera. On the basis of the conducted researches, a presence on the grinded surface of silicon carbide crystals of various sizes and a ceramic ligament is established.
Dry Mixes for Casting Manufacturing in Single and Small-Scale Production
Authors: Dyadichev Valery V. , Svinoroev Yu.A. , Dyadichev A.V.
Published: April 2021

The paper considers the possibility of using unified dry mixes for machine-building enterprises with small-scale and single-piece production of castings. Dry mixes for production of expendable molds and rods have been developed. Their distinctive feature is that cladded CMC high-silica sand is used as a filler, and powder-like LST are used as a binder. All the ingredients of the mix are products of domestic and Russian production, are not scarce, are not expensive in price, are simple and safe to use. Experimental-industrial tests of the proposed dry mixes were carried out, and a pilot batch of castings was produced in the amount of 5 tons of good casting (small shaped cast-iron casting). Taking into account the specificity of the foundries at enterprises with single-piece and small-scale production, the features of their technical equipment, an engineering solution, focused directly on this segment, has been developed and proposed. The engineering solution relates to the manufacturing processes of casting molds and rods production, and consists in the development of formulations for dry foundry mixes. A distinctive feature of the formulations is: simplicity in use, versatility in functionality, reliance on the domestic resource base, which means that it is affordable, not expensive, and environmentally friendly, safe both for production personnel and for the environment, in the area where the industrial enterprise is located.
The Concept of Dumping Nickel Slag Processing with Preliminary Extraction of Metals
Authors: Layhan S.A. , Veselovsky A.A.
Published: April 2021

The present study considers various technological approaches to the processes of complex utilization of nickel slags with preliminary additional extraction of non-ferrous metals, iron, and ways of utilization of the obtained gangue. The valuable components are often produced from waste using the mineral acids or mixtures; the metals are extracted from acid solutions in a free form or in the form of compounds using electrochemical or chemical methods. Slag dumps have a heterogeneous structure and mineralization; the zone distribution of slag is clearly defined due to different cooling and solidification rates. The slag composition is mostly represented by dense low-porous varieties consisting of dark brown glass. The porous slag fragments are secondary. The third texture diversity in the composition of slag is represented by nodular and kidney-shaped particles. The diversity and size of the ore minerals is directly connected with the distribution of pores in slag. The major ways for utilization of nickel industrial waste are pyro-metallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods. In addition, each of the methods is usually preceded by the stage of mechanical preparation of the raw materials, where the techno-genic waste is crushed.
The Use of Phosphate Compositions for Chemical Treatment of Make-Up Water in Centralized Heat Supply Systems
Authors: Ponurko I.V. , Krylova S.A. , Limarev A.S. , Mezin I.Y.
Published: April 2021

The paper investigates two different protective phosphate compositions for the chemical treatment of water and the use of them with a view to improve quality of “make-up” water in water heating systems. The research proved a positive effect of reducing the corrosive activity of water and the amount of scale.
Mathematical Model for the Kinetics of Heterogeneous Reaction of Carbonates Dissociation in the Process of Roasting in the Presence of Temperatures Gradients in Phosphate Raw Material
Authors: Bobkov V.I. , Dli M.I. , Fedulov A.S.
Published: April 2021

The paper deals with the investigation of the parameters for the structural and kinetic rate equation of the carbonates dissociation reaction, in accordance with the obtained results of the nonisothermic experiment, in the conditions of gradient temperature presence in the investigated samples. The most significant is the study of physicochemical transformations kinetic laws, which degree of completeness effects the quality of intermediate products directly, that is decarbonization and sintering. The main part of the process, when phosphorites are heated, takes place in a solid phase. The feature of topochemical reactions is their localization in the aria between a solid phase surface of the initial substance and the reaction products. This surface is formed and changed, as a result of chemical and power technological process for roasting, determining the dependence of the reaction rate on time. The method of thermal analytical experiments is used. The reverse kinetic problem is solved in the temperatures range of the chemical–technological process for roasting phosphate raw materials on conveyor indurating machines. The authors propose a method of approximate calculation for the parameters of kinetic equations which allows to reduce errors, caused by the heat exchange processes in a measuring cell, significantly. The obtained results and their accuracy are suitable for the practical application.
Studying the Possibility of Obtaining Titanium Powder of Various Sizes by Alumino-Thermic Reduction
Authors: Chaikin L.I. , Kireev A.E. , Loginova Irina V.
Published: April 2021

The main aim of this work is to obtain a compact spherical titanium powder by the metallo-thermic reduction. The feedstock is TiO2 (rutile), and aluminum shavings are used as the reducing metal. In the reduction process granules of titanium powder and corundum were obtained. For cleaning titanium powder from corundum, various alkaline and acid processing methods were used. When using the alkaline treatment method of the powder, obtained after reduction of sand and floury rutile by aluminum shavings, its weight decrease was 36-37%.
Investigation of the Influence of Kinematic and Energy Parameters on the Structure and Strength of Explosion-Welded Steel-Aluminum Composite
Authors: Kuz'min Vladimir I. , Lysak V.I. , Kuz’min Evgeniy V.
Published: April 2021

The work is devoted to a study of the probable causes of a decrease in joint strength during explosion welding of metals with sharply differing physical and mechanical properties. The influence of kinematic and energy parameters on the structure and strength of the steel-aluminum composite under various conditions of explosive loading is shown.
The Use of Hydrogen Peroxide and Hydrazine Sulfate for Removal of Chromium from Electroplating Effluents
Authors: Anikin Y.V. , Makovskaya Olga Yu. , Shilkov V.I.
Published: April 2021

The use of hydrogen peroxide and hydrazine sulfate for the treatment of chrome-containing rinsing waters of galvanic production of machine-building enterprises is proposed. The process of reducing chromium (6+) to (3+) from rinsing waters with a concentration of 8.55 mg/dm3 was studied. These reagents allow reducing more than 99% of chromium (6+) to chromium (3+) and maintaining a low salt content of treated wastewater. The consumption of hydrogen peroxide is 1.5 mg/dm3, and the consumption of hydrazine sulfate is 10 mg/dm3. The current situation in the treatment of galvanic wastewater leads to pollution of the environment with dangerous substances (CN-, Cr6+, F-, Cd2+), irrational use of raw materials and significant economic losses. The possibility of extracting valuable components from wastewater, in order to recycle them and return the treated water to production, is considered. Hydrogen peroxide is effective for treating acidic wastewater, and hydrazine sulfate can be used for both acidic and alkaline wastewater. Removal of excess hydrogen peroxide from the solution after reduction of chromium (6+) before precipitation of chromium (3+) hydroxide is required. The toxicity of hydrazine compounds must be taken into account.
Methods of Mathematical Modeling of the Leaching Process of Cobalt-Containing Solutions
Authors: Mokrova Nataliya V.
Published: April 2021

Current cobalt processing practices are described. This article discusses the advantages of the group argument accounting method for mathematical modeling of the leaching process of cobalt solutions. Identification of the mathematical model of the cascade of reactors of cobalt-producing is presented. Group method of data handling is allowing: to eliminate the need to calculate quantities of chemical kinetics; to get the opportunity to take into account the results of mixed experiments; to exclude the influence of random interference on the simulation results. The proposed model confirms the capabilities of the group method of data handling for describing multistage processes.
The Study of the Magnetic Properties of Red Mud from Alumina Production after Alkaline Treatment
Authors: Loginova Irina V. , Kyrchikov Aleksei V.
Published: April 2021

In Russia, the main feedstock for producing aluminum is bauxite. During the processing of 1 ton of bauxite into alumina (Al2O3), up to 0.5–0.6 ton of techno-genic waste is formed, that is red mud. It is not currently disposed of and accumulated in mud tailing dumps. It contains valuable components: Al – 8 %; Fe – 25 %; Ti – 2.4 % and it can be considered as a potential raw material for ferrous metallurgy and as a source of vanadium, titanium, and rare-earth elements (REE) Sc, Y, La. The paper shows the possibility of obtaining red mud with an increased iron content of up to 36 %, with an additional extraction of aluminum. Red mud from the Ural Aluminum Plant (Russia) is considered. It is proposed to direct this mud to the production of pellets for the production of cast iron. To extract aluminum from red mud, it is proposed to process the mud in a highly alkaline medium by sintering in the temperature range 300–600 °C. The resulting sinter is leached with water or a slightly alkaline solution with the conversion of aluminum compounds into solution. The red mud, obtained this way, exhibits magnetic properties. A magnetic separation was carried out, and the yield of the magnetic fraction is 79.87 %. The iron content increases by 25 % and amounts to 51.88 % of Fe2O3.
Increasing the Uniformity of Nano-Dispersed SiO2 Distribution in Polymeric Binder of Composite Material
Authors: Koksharov Sergey A. , Kornilova Nadezhda L. , Nikiforova Elena N.
Published: April 2021

Ultrasonic dispersion of a silica hydrosol is compared with the effects of mechanical activation through the combined action of high shear stresses, ultrasound and cavitation. This action leads to breaking the siloxane bonds and increasing the content of silanol groups. The mechanical activation of binary silica system with acrylate dispersion promotes a chemisorption of oligoacrylate with the formation of Si – O – C and Si – C bonds. The effect of modification of oligoacrylate on the formation of a graft-copolymer and the stiffness of a composite material was evaluated.
Hydrogenation of Nitro Compounds over Catalytic Systems Containing Rare-Earth Oxides
Authors: Kurunina G. M. , Ivankina O.M. , Butov Gennady M.
Published: April 2021

The paper studies the activity of 1 % palladium catalysts containing rare earth oxides (REOs) and alumina as a carrier in the hydrogenation of nitro compounds exemplified by nitrobenzene and o-nitro anisole. Under the liquid-phase hydrogenation conditions, these catalytic systems provide high selectivity of the process and a quantitative yield. It has been found that the partial replacement of Al2O3 with REO allows increasing the hydrogenation rate by 5–6 times, as compared with the reference catalyst and by 1.2–1.7 times as compared with the individual carrier. The oxide mixtures (REO and Al2O3) containing 20–40 % REO allow reaching the same hydrogenation rate with that over an REO-containing 1 % Pd catalyst.
Physical Properties Variability of Zinc Powders Obtained by Electrochemical Method
Authors: Naumov Konstantin D. , Lobanov V.G.
Published: April 2021

The aim of this paper is to establish a regulatory change of zinc powders key physicochemical properties with varying electroextraction conditions. It was studied influence zinc concentration, alkali concentration and current density. Quantitative dependencies of zinc powders particle size and specific surface area from mentioned electroextraction parameters are shown. At increasing of zinc concentration, decreasing of NaOH concentration and decreasing of current density of powders particle size growth, correspondingly specific surface area is declined. It is indicated, that electrolytic zinc powders bulk density varies from 0.61 g/cm3 to 0.75 g/cm3 with a decrease of average particle size from 121 μm to 68 μm. In comparison, spherical powders bulk density used in various industries is currently 2.45-2.6 g/cm3. In all experiments, metal zinc content varied in the range of 91.1-92.5%, the rest - ZnO. To a greater extent, this indicator depends on powder washing quality from alkali and storage conditions.
Study on the Effect of the Sealers on the Steel Surface Layer Modified by Electrical Discharge Machining
Authors: Ivanochkin Pavel G. , Manturov Dmitriy S. , Danilchenko Sergey A. , Karpenko Ksenija I. , Ivanochkina Tatiana A.
Published: April 2021

The paper describes the influence of the composition of the sealer used to form a composite coating on the surface of a steel sample by electrical discharge machining along the sealing layer on the structure and properties of the coating. The object of this study is samples made of steel 45. All samples are treated by electrical discharge machining with the use of ПР-В3К (Stellite) hard alloy-based anode and modifying sealers, based on CrCNi, TiCNi, and non-stoichiometric W and Mo compounds. Besides, the paper presents the physical and mechanical properties of the obtained coatings, examined during a set of tribological tests. The conducted experiment demonstrated that the wear resistance of coated samples is higher, compared to coatless ones. The strong point of our study lies in functionality to employ sealers, based on the SHS-reagents and non-stoichiometric W and Mo compounds with ESA processing in friction units.
Investigation of the Influence of Inertia Forces on the Adhesion of the Coating to the Outer Surface of Bodies of Revolution during Thermal Spraying
Authors: Rodichev Alexey Yu. , Polyakov Roman N. , Gorin Andrey V.
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of a study of the influence of inertial forces on the adhesion of the coating to the external surface of a body of revolution during thermal spraying. A mathematical apparatus is proposed for calculating the inertia forces, acting on a particle of coating, applied to the outer surface of the bodies of revolution. As a result, dependencies have been revealed that allow predicting the adhesion strength of the coating with the steel base during thermal spraying.
Laser Treatment of Titanium in Hexane at Various Pressures and the Formation of Periodic Structures
Authors: Tarasova M.A. , Ivashchenko A.I. , Prokoshev V.G.
Published: April 2021

Laser-induced periodic surface structures are a universal phenomenon that can be observed on almost any material after irradiation with linearly polarized laser beams, especially when using femtosecond laser radiation. Over the past few years, research activity in the field of surface-periodic structures has significantly increased, since their generation in a one-step process provides an easy way to nanostructure and functionalize the surface to control optical, mechanical or chemical properties. The paper presents the results of a femtosecond laser treatment of titanium in a hexane medium at various pressures. The morphology of the treated surfaces was studied under various modes of laser exposure, using optical and scanning electron microscopy.
Microstructure Peculiarities of Intermetallic and Composite Coatings
Authors: Khimukhin Sergey N. , Eremina Kseniia P.
Published: April 2021

Coatings were obtained by the method of electrospark deposition (ESD), using Ni-Al intermetallic alloys, steel having been used as cathodes. The structure of samples preliminarily, coated with nickel aluminides of various phase compositions (NiAl, Ni3Al), was investigated. In addition to the indicated anode materials, a complex alloyed metal matrix alloy obtained by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, was used. It was established that the coating microstructure consisted of columnar crystallites, vertically oriented to the cathode surface. X-ray microanalysis of the transverse sections showed a change in the composition of crystallites along their height. It was found that the content of the cathode components decreased from the surface of the sample to the upper part of its coating, however, the content of the anode components increased. The revealed regularities indicate the fact that the coating structure obtained at ESD, was formed through the stage of liquid-phase mixing, which explained high coating adheasion. The mechanisms of structure formation of both single-layer and two-layer coatings proved to be identical.
The Influence of the Working Conditions of the Electrospark Granules Deposition on the Formation of Cracks in Ti-Al Intermetallic Coatings
Authors: Burkov Alexander A. , Chigrin Pavel G. , Kulik Mariya A.
Published: April 2021

Electrospark treatment of a titanium alloy Ti6Al4V in a mixture of granules allows the formation of intermetallic Ti-Al coatings. The coating structure is penetrated by a network of cracks with a thickness of 0.46 to 1.19 microns and a specific area of 1.5 to 3.4%. A change in the ratio of Ti to Al in the mixture of granules does not lead to a monotonic change in the thickness and number of cracks. A decrease in the pulse duration from 200 to 20 μs leads to a slight decrease in the thickness of cracks and significantly increases their total area from 2.1 to 3.4%. An increase in the discharge pulse repetition rate can significantly increase the thickness of cracks in Ti-Al electrospark coatings.
Effect of Current Density Distribution in the Zinc Plating Process
Authors: Tamara Leon Oviedo , Lipkin Mikhail S. , Lukovkin Mikhail V.
Published: April 2021

This paper presents an analysis of the current density distribution in the zinc plating process, using a two-dimension approach. The simulation presents a model based on COMSOL Multi-physics software. The simulation neglected the effect of mass transfer and production of gaseous species, in order to simplify the resolution. Additionally, a validation from the simulation through a comparison with the experimental data at similar conditions was performed. The results presented a good agreement between the experimental and simulated data. The graphics from both approaches showed a decreasing trend in the current density along the cathode length. This trend arises from the electrons movement in the electrodes; electrons flow through the least resistive path. Given the fact that zinc electroplating incurs an important industrial application, simulation is becoming a promising way to optimization and improvement.
Ensuring the Operability and Reliability of Packaging Equipment at Life Cycle Stages
Authors: Makarov Aleksey M. , Serdobintsev Yuriy P. , Mushkin Oleg V.
Published: April 2021

The authors deal with the task of technological maintenance of operability and reliability of packaging equipment at life cycle stages, including its designing, manufacturing and operation. To improve the wear resistance of the most loaded mobile nodes of the lever-hinged gripping device of a packaging machine, a new composite material with upgraded technological and operational characteristics has been obtained, on the basis of studying the physical model of boundary friction. The paper presents the results of investigations of the plasma coating from the developed material.
Formation of Diffusion Coatings Based on Nickel and Chromium in the Medium of Fusible Liquid Metal Solutions on Austenitic Steels
Authors: Sokolov Aleksandr G. , Bobylev Eduard E. , Storozhenko Ivan D.
Published: April 2021

The technology of diffusion saturation of austenitic steels by chromium and nickel in the medium of low-melting liquid metal melts is shown. The saturation temperature was up to 1050°C, and the duration was up to 8 hours. It was found that it is the most effective to apply coatings according to the technological scheme: pre-carburization-diffusion metallization – final carburization. It was found that the coating consists of 4 layers. The surface layer has a thickness of up to 5 mkm and a microtuberance of up to 19500 MPa. The second layer, up to 12 mkm thick, has a microhardness of up to 7500 MPa. The third, up to 50 mkm thick, has a microhardness of 2300 MPa. In the fourth layer, up to 150 mkm thick, the microhardness gradually decreases from 2300 MPa to the microhardness of the base. At the same time, the total thickness of the coatings is up to 200 mkm.
Research of Heat Resistance and Thermophysical Properties of the Diffusion Zone Formed by Annealing by Contact Melting Mode of the Layered Metal-Intermetallic Composite of the Cu-Al System
Authors: Gurevich Leonid M. , Slautin Oleg V. , Pronichev Dmitriy V.
Published: April 2021

The results of studying the effect of isothermal annealing on structural, phase transformations, and thermal diffusivity in the diffusion zone of a Cu-Al layered metal-intermetallic composite (LMIC), obtained using technology including explosion welding, pressure treatment and heat treatment, are presented. It was found that, at 530 °C (the highest temperature, excluding the formation of a liquid phase in this system) with a holding time of up to 1000 h, there are no structural phase transformations in the Al (Cu)/CuAl2 metal-intermetallic composition, and a slight increase in its mass is associated with the formation of a thin dense protective oxide film on the surface. The thermal diffusivity of Cu-Al LMIC, obtained after removal of copper residues from the surface of the diffusion zone, is 50–60 W/m×K, which is significantly lower than that of copper (410 W/m×K) and aluminum (220 W/m×K).
Development and Testing of Polyurethane Coating for Protection of Gas Turbine Engine Blades
Authors: Orlov Maksim A. , Polikarpova Irina A. , Kalinnikov Aleksander N.
Published: April 2021

The article presents testing of polymer protective coating based on polyurethane developed in Bauman Moscow State Technical University. It is shown that the developed coating has an increased resistance to erosive wear, an increased level of adhesion and temperature resistance, compared with the existing coatings, certified by aviation.
Ceramics Based on Nano-Modified Alumino-Silicates
Authors: Buntin Artem E.
Published: April 2021

The paper considers the formulation of nanomodification of alumino-silicate raw materials, in order to obtain ceramic materials, based on it, by various molding methods with an increased strength and other operational properties. Studies of the dependence of the compressive strength on the type and concentration of aluminum and silicon oxide nanoparticles, their influence on the granulo-metric composition and microstructure of alumino-silicate powders, based on alkaline earth bentonite, are presented. It is shown that the addition of oxide nanoparticles in small concentrations leads to a decrease in the average particle size, aggregated structural elements of bentonite and their redistribution, and changes in morphological parameters (the shape of micro-aggregates and aggregates, pores), which increases the strength of raw materials and, as a result, burnt products.
Mechanism of Protective Action of Inhibitors Based on Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
Authors: Tyusenkov A.S. , Nasibullina O.A.
Published: April 2021

Currently, inhibitory protection is one of the most effective and common methods of protecting the inner surface of oil field equipment from corrosion. The work explores the mechanism of protective action of new inhibitors based on quaternary ammonium compounds and assesses feasibility of their practical application in oil fields of OJSC Surgutneftegas. Studies were conducted on samples made of pipe steels A 568M, A 516-55 and 13CrV (rus 13ХФА) in a model produced water solution. Three corrosion inhibitors were tested. Parameters of the mechanism of protective action of reagents were determined by potentiodynamic analysis.
Analytical Description of Neck Profile during Tensile Testing of Cylindrical Specimens
Authors: Erpalov Mikhail , Pavlov Dmitry
Published: April 2021

One of the problems of studying the rheological properties and plasticity of metals and alloys from the results of tensile tests of cylindrical specimens is the need to determine the stress triaxiality value, which depends on the shape and size of the neck formed. An analytical description of the neck profile makes it possible to increase the accuracy of experimental measurements of its dimensions, in particular, the radius of curvature in the smallest cross-section of specimen. This paper is devoted to searching a universal neck profile equation that allows calculating the radius of neck curvature regardless of the nature of the material hardening curve and the stage of strain localization. The exact surface equation is established and its accuracy is estimated for hardening and softening material.
Study of RIN-Insulation Mechanical Properties for High Voltage Inputs
Authors: Demidov A.N. , Karimbekov Myrzamamat , Rodyakina Regina
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the results of mechanical properties study for samples of RIN-insulation material (Resin Impregnated Nonwoven – non-woven resin impregnated fabric) for high-voltage inputs at various temperatures, determined by three-point bending tests, impact strength tests and tensile tests with registration of test diagrams. The mechanical properties of RIN-insulation, which ensure working ability of the whole construction of high-voltage inputs, operating in difficult climatic conditions, are determined.
Influence of DC Current on Movement of Dislocations in P-Silicon Single Crystals in Field of Internal Stresses
Authors: Solovyev Alexander A. , Rybin Vladislav V. , Kulagin Artem V.
Published: April 2021

The behavior of linear defects in p-type silicon (111) carrying a direct current of density 0−15×105 A/m2 in the [110] direction are studied in the temperature range T=850–1000 K during isothermal annealing. The regularities of change in the linear density and maximum path of dislocations in slip lines are revealed. A model of linear defects displacement in silicon single crystals in the field of internal stresses under an electric current is proposed. Matching theory with experimental data has made it possible to reveal the dependence of this distribution on the internal stresses relaxation time.
Synthesis and Study of the Properties of Photocatalytic Compositions Based on Sro/Bi2O3 and (Bio)2CO3 Solid Solutions with Modifying Additives of Transition Metals Cu, Mn, Fe
Authors: Makarevich Konstantin S. , Kaminsky Oleg I. , Zaitsev Aleksey V.
Published: April 2021

In this work, we studied the effect of doping with d metals (Me: Mn, Fe, Cu) on the photocatalytic activity and optical properties of the hetero-structured, bismuth-containing Sr1-xMexBi4O7 / (BiO)2CO3 photo-catalyst, where x = 0.01–0.05. The stages of oxidative pyrolysis of precursor organometallic complexes with sorbitol by differential scanning calorimetry have been studied. The first stage of oxidative destruction is induced by the influence of nitrate-ion and terminates at temperatures below . The second stage of pyrolysis is associated with a further thermal degradation of sorbitol to pyrolytic carbon in the temperature range 113 - . The third stage 287–462°C is associated with the combustion of the formed pyrolytic carbon. The final stage of pyrolysis occurs in the temperature range of 462-with the formation of the target synthesis products. It has been established that Cu is the most effective dopant. In contrast to other metals, doping with copper results in the formation of a solid solution in the CuO-SrBi4O7 system. Compared to the initial SrBi4O7, as a result of doping Cu in an amount of 5 at. % the largest change in the band gap from 2.77 to 2.62 eV is achieved. The efficiency of photo-catalysis (estimated by the half-conversion of methylene blue) of the Cu0.05Sr0.95Bi4O7 / (BiO) 2CO3 composition turned out to be 2.3 times higher than the initial - undoped catalyst; and 3.1 times higher than in the non-catalytic process.
Kdm6b Regulates the Generation of Effector CD8+ T Cells by Inducing Chromatin Accessibility in Effector-Associated Genes
Authors: Xu Tianhao , Schutte Alexander , Jimenez Leandro , Gonçalves Andre N. A. , Keller Ashleigh , Pipkin Matthew E. , Nakaya Helder I. , Pereira Renata M. , Martinez Gustavo J.
Published: April 2021

The transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of CD8+ T cell differentiation is critical for balancing pathogen eradication and long-term immunity by effector and memory CTLs, respectively. In this study, we demonstrate that the lysine demethylase 6b (Kdm6b) is essential for the proper generation and function of effector CD8+ T cells during acute infection and tumor eradication. We found that cells lacking Kdm6b (by either T cell–specific knockout mice or knockdown using short hairpin RNA strategies) show an enhanced generation of memory precursor and early effector cells upon acute viral infection in a cell-intrinsic manner. We also demonstrate that Kdm6b is indispensable for proper effector functions and tumor protection, and that memory CD8+ T cells lacking Kdm6b displayed a defective recall response. Mechanistically, we identified that Kdm6b, through induction of chromatin accessibility in key effector-associated gene loci, allows for the proper generation of effector CTLs. Our results pinpoint the essential function of Kdm6b in allowing chromatin accessibility in effector-associated genes, and identify Kdm6b as a potential target for therapeutics in diseases with dysregulated effector responses.
Table of Contents Vol 5 (2020)
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: April 2021

No abstract available.
A protocol to communicate seismic risk in schools: design, test and assessment in Italy
Authors: Gemma Musacchio  , Elena Eva  , Massimo Crescimbene  , Nicola Alessandro Pino  , Lorenzo Cugliari
Published: April 2021

The best chance to achieve a future disaster-resilient society is through risk education in School: it has a great potential to strengthen capacity of communities to mitigate risks. The KnowRISK (Know your city, Reduce seISmic risK through non-structural elements) project took this opportunity and implemented a risk communication campaign for schools in Portugal, Italy, and Iceland. The idea was that suitably changes in people’s knowledge and attitude can trigger best practices. Crucial to reach such target is the raise of awareness on meaningful issues. The main challenge of the campaign was how to effectively address the mitigation of the vulnerability to earthquakes of non-structural elements, which is an issue considered to be of low priority even in the building regulations of many countries around the world. The campaign stood on a communication strategy that was systematized within a protocol, for 13- 15 years old students, that specifies goals, contents, learning strategy, support material, and relies on face-to-face intervention of scientists in the classroom. This protocol had training sessions bounded by assessment sessions, ex-ante and ex-post, that allowed to validate its efficacy. The training made large use of flipped learning and Episode of Situated Learning (EAS) strategy to raise student’s motivation and increase achievements. To ensure its replicability, the protocol was tested in zones matching a wide range of seismic hazard in Italy. The assessment showed the protocol be effective and ready for a wide dissemination.
Translasyonel Araştırma Kavramı ve Okul Hemşireliği
Authors: YOĞURTÇU Huri , ÖZBIÇAKÇI Şeyda
Published: April 2021

Translasyonellik kavramı araştırmalar ile elde edilmiş bilimsel bilgilerin teori statüsünden çıkartılarak uygulamaya dönüştürülmesi için yapılan tüm iş ve işlemlerin bileşkesiolarak açıklanır. Literatür bilgileri ile uygulama alanlarında kullanılan bilgiler kıyaslandığında kanıtların istenilen düzeyde uygulamaya dönüştürülemediği açıktır. Oysa teori düzeyinde kalmış her bilgi boşa giden iş gücü, finans ve etkisiz bilgi yönetimi anlamı taşır. Okul hemşireliği kanıtların ve translasyonel araştırmaların üst düzeyde kullanımını gerektirir. Bu derlemenin amacı translasyonel araştırma konusunda bilgi kaynağı oluşturmak, meslek üyelerinde farkındalık geliştirmek, bilimsel bilgilerin okul sağlığı hemşireliği ve diğer uygulama alanlarına entegrasyonuna katkı sağlamaktır.
The Effect of High School Students’ Self-Efficacy and Perceptions for Sun Protection on Their Sun Protection Behaviors
Authors: AKDENİZ KUDUBEŞ Aslı , BEKTAŞ Murat , KARAKURT Selin
Published: April 2021

Background: It is important to identify the risks that may cause skin cancer development in adolescents and the factors affecting sun protection behaviors. Objectives: This study was carried out in a descriptive and cross-sectional design to determine the effect of high school students’ self-efficacy and perceptions for sun protection on their sun protection behaviors. Methods: The study was conducted from February to April 2019 with 846 students from two high schools in Turkey. The data of the study were collected using a personal information form, the Sun Protection Behavior Scale (SPBS), the Decisional Balance Scale (DBS) for Sun Protection, and the Self-Efficacy Scale for Sun Protection (SES). The data were analyzed through SPSS and AMOS software packages using Pearson’s correlation analysis, the linear regression analysis, and the structural equation model. Results: In the multiple regression analysis, a model was created according to the relationship between the variables. In the model, high school students’ self-efficacy and perceptions for sun protection explained 33.6% of their sun protection behaviors. It was found that all the factors except for DBS cons perception (p> .05) had a statistically significant effect on students’ sun protection behavior. According to the structural equation model, the fit indices of the model were found to be greater than .91. Conclusion: As adolescents’ self-efficacy levels and perceptions of the pros and cons increase, their likelihood of exhibiting sun protection behaviors increases as well. In adolescent training, it is important to design and disseminate educational programs consisting of interventions that will increase adolescents’ self-efficacy and perceptions of decision-making.
Antiviral Textiles: A Review on their types and Significance
Authors: Varsha N, Malavika B and Vyshnavi V Rao
Published: April 2021

The world is ever developing with new inventions and technology to cater the changing lifestyles of people.
The COVID-19 pandemic has stressed an increased importance of health products. One such innovation is
antiviral textile which are which are capable of preventing the microbes or viruses to contact the surface of
textiles. Natural fibre textiles are the best medium for the growth of many microbes which leads to
degradation and unpleasant odours. To prevent all these undesirable effects, textiles are impregnated with
antiviral nanoparticles in the fibres or fabrics. The use of nanoparticles makes the textiles antimicrobial, anti
odour, water and stain repellent. In the last few decades, natural polymers have gained much attention
among scientific communities owing to their therapeutic potential. Antiviral textiles are classified into a few
broad groups, such as polymeric materials, metal ions/metal oxides, and functional nanomaterials, based on
the type of materials used at the virus contamination sites. This review is an overview of antiviral textiles and
their types, properties, structure of polymers and nanoparticles involved and their significance.
Карнавальная политическая культура: пикник на обочине античной истории
Authors: Karabushenko Paul L.
Published: April 2021

Карнавальная политическая культура всегда стояла на обочине всемирной истории, уступая место традиционным видам политических культур. Но эта обочина оказывалась настолько притягательной и настолько интересной, что порой затмевала всё остальное. Почему? Потому что она была связана с праздником, в то время как обычные виды политической культуры отражали преимущественно политические будни. Прибавить к этому смеховые народные традиции, практики фальсификации политической истории, приемы идеологической борьбы, которые использовали правящие элиты и их лидеры, и мы получим примерную картину карнавальной политической культуры.
Античные источники постоянно фиксировали многочисленные примеры проявления аномального поведения политиков, наделенных высшей властью, но лишенных способности адекватно управлять своими политическими системами. Политические скандалы, исторические анекдоты, подковёрные интриги, самозванство и истерические выходки дискредитировали правящие элиты, проявлявшие крайне низкие профессиональные компетенции. Особенностью античной карнавальной политической культуры являлась ее максимальная приближенность к мифологии и отсутствие опыта научно-философской критики и анализа подобного рода отклонений. Порой рассказ о поведении политиков перерастает в откровенные байки и нелепые анекдоты, которые при отсутствии иных письменных источников, становятся главными свидетельствами конкретной исторической эпохи. Такая стихийная карнавальность есть следствие стечения обстоятельств и в основном относится к т.н. «темным векам». Но всякий раз, когда эта традиция прорывается в политической культуре, происходит возвращение к этим «темным векам», и мир политики погружается в стихию карнавала. Установить каковы были культурно-исторические коды этой политической традиции и призвана настоящая работа.
Чеченская диаспора в иерархии политических элит ближневосточных государств (кейс Иордании)
Authors: Mirgorod Denis A. , Israilov Alihan M.
Published: April 2021

Ближний Восток, сохраняя свой высокий конфликтный потенциал, представляет собой важный исследовательский объект для выявления особенностей протекания в нем политических процессов. В ситуации активных региональных преобразований и глобальной неопределенности большое значение имеет фиксация параметров архитектуры власти в ближневосточных странах, включая формулирование специфики выстраивания системы политических элит в конкретных государствах рассматриваемой территории. В настоящей статье авторы, основываясь на различных теоретических подходах к исследованию элит, предпринимают попытку проанализировать диаспоральный фактор в формировании иерархии политических элит в государствах Ближнего Востока на примере Иордании. С учетом характеристик Хашимитского королевства установлено, что структура его политических элит усложняется различными предпосылками исторического, административного, этноконфессионального свойства и включает в себя представителей некоторых диаспор, которые при этом составляют незначительную часть населения страны. Одной из таких диаспор, чьи представители занимают видное место в иерархии политических элит Иордании, является чеченская. Исходя из этого, ее исследование имеет, как научную, так и практическую значимость. Элитологический анализ данной работы состоит в выявлении факторов, обосновывающих высокий статус чеченской диаспоры в Иордании.
Дипломатия как профессия и призвание - рецензия на мемуары Жерара Аро «Дипломатический паспорт. Сорок Лет на Набережной Орсе»
Authors: Charyev Atajan D.
Published: April 2021

В настоящей рецензии дается анализ мемуаров знаменитого французского дипломата Жерара Арои «Дипломатический паспорт. Сорок лет на набережной Орсе». У Ж. Аро за спиной более 40 лет опыта в области политики и дипломатической службы. За всё время своей карьеры он занимал разные ответственные посты во Франции и в других странах. В своих мемуарах автор делится своим опытом и впечатлениями, проявляя при этом свой уникальный стиль описания событий. В данной рецензии особое внимание уделяется анализу отношений автора к США и Дональду Трампу.