bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial Journalism and the Precarious State of Media Work
Authors: Cohen Nicole S.
Published: August 2015

Amid the current “crisis” in the business and practice of journalism, entrepreneurial journalism has been offered as a solution. While the precise set of practices that constitute entrepreneurial journalism remain unclear, such discourse promotes a notion of the enterprising individual journalist forging a career for herself through practices of self-branding and self-employment and learning to be adaptable, flexible, and self-sufficient. This essay challenges the notion of entrepreneurial journalism, arguing that it emerges at a time of institutional crisis for journalism and uncertainty for journalists, intersecting with neoliberal enterprise culture and the spread of digital technologies to promote an ideology that masks the precarious nature of contemporary media work. The article considers the work of freelance journalists in historical context and argues that the discourse of entrepreneurial journalism closes the space required to envision alternative ways to organize the production of journalism and journalistic labor.
BDS Is as Good as It Gets
Authors: Michaeli Dov
Published: August 2015

This essay analyzes the impasses of the Israeli mainstream and non-Zionist Left. It suggests that, given these impasses and the political strategies available in current discourse, BDS stands out as a viable form of opposition to the occupation.
Where Do You Draw the Line?
Authors: Eilat Galit
Published: August 2015

This article surveys recent developments in the BDS movement and its call for a cultural and academic boycott of Israel. It analyzes the policy of the cultural boycott in comparison with other forms of boycott as well its effectiveness in different circumstances. The most effective strategy is not necessarily to enforce a boycott but to create a vibrant public discussion about Israeli policies against the Palestinians. The legislative power of the Israeli position is compared with the much weaker force of international pressure that the Palestinian population can bring to bear. Yet, even in this unequal exchange, the boycott movement and its cultural wing are achieving traction. The essay suggests the possibility of a shift in Israeli society against the political and intellectual consequences of occupation.
Structures, Dynamic Behavior, and Spectroscopic Properties of 1,8-Anthrylene–Ethenylene Cyclic Dimers and Their Substituent Effects
Authors: Inoue Masataka , Iwanaga Tetsuo , Toyota Shinji
Published: August 2015

Cyclic compounds consisting of two 1,8-anthrylene units and two ethenylene linkers were studied as π-conjugated compounds. Three derivatives having substituents (H, Me, and Ph) at the linker moieties were synthesized by Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of the corresponding diethenylanthracene boronic esters with 1,8-diiodo-10-mesitylanthracene. The X-ray analysis and DFT calculations revealed that all the compounds had nonplanar cyclic frameworks where the two ethenylene linkers were syn to the anthracene units. Exchanges between the two syn forms were observed from the line shape changes in the 1H NMR signals of the mesityl group. Their barriers increased in the order of H, Ph, and Me compounds from 34 to 70 kJ mol−1. The effects of substituents on the molecular structure, dynamic behavior, and electronic properties are discussed.
Design, Manufacturing and Validation of Low Cost, Miniature Acoustic Chamber
Authors: Kanase Mahesh M. , Chaudhari Mangesh B.
Published: August 2015

Limiting the noise exposure of people to limit the risk of hearing damage is the preliminary aim of hearing conservation programs and regulations of most of the countries. Along with the performance and aesthetic considerations; noise reduction carries equal importance in product design and development as manufacturers are obligated for quieter product due to stringent legislations. The most restrictive factor for severity assessment of noise is the cost. This study describes a low cost acoustic test chamber having free working space of 2.28m × 2.28m × 1.12m (7.48ft × 7.48ft × 3.68ft) designed with multilayer absorption treatment by giving emphasis on Green Technology (Green Tech) for sound pressure level measurements of small size sources. The chamber performance has been assured by different methods of validation viz. S/N, 1 Watt, 1 kHz, 1m and Inverse square law (1/ r2 or 6 dB/dd). Under realistic conditions of ambient noise the A-weighted background noise level is found to be 21 dB which is low enough to make the use of acoustic test chamber for designed purposes. Researchers can adopt these methodologies with the use of common laboratory equipments to validate the acoustic chamber. This study attempts to bridge the gap between optimal acoustic conditions and cost of acoustic chamber.
Ecological Validity of Session RPE Method for Quantifying Internal Training Load in Tennis
Authors: Gomes Rodrigo V. , Moreira Alexandre , Lodo Leandro , Capitani Caroline D. , Aoki Marcelo S.
Published: August 2015

This study aimed to verify the ecological validity of the session rating of perceived exertion (session RPE) method for quantifying internal training load (ITL) in competitive tennis players. Twelve professional tennis players (18.5 ± 0.4 years; 178.0 ± 4.0 cm; 72.4 ± 6.0 kg) participated in this study. In total, 384 on-court tennis training sessions, 23 simulated matches and 13 official matches were monitored. ITL was then calculated for each session using session RPE and HR-based methods. All individual correlations between the session RPE method and the HR-based method were significant (r = 0.58 – 0.89: p < 0.01). The correlation coefficients between methods during on court tennis training sessions, simulated and official matches were r = 0.74, r = 0.57 and r = 0.99, respectively. The results support the validity of session RPE as a practical method for quantifying ITL in professional tennis players.
Phase-Field Modeling of Vapor Bubble Growth in a Microchannel
Authors: Jafari R. , Okutucu-Özyurt T.
Published: August 2015

A numerical model based on Cahn–Hilliard phase-field method is introduced for the first time in the literature to investigate the hydrodynamics and heat transfer characteristics of a vaporized elongated bubble in a rectangular microchannel. In the simulations, the initially nucleated bubble starts growing as it comes in contact with superheated water. The effects of the water inlet velocity and the bubble contact angle on the temporal evolution of the average heat transfer coefficient are also reported. Both qualitative and quantitative comparisons indicated that the numerically obtained bubble shape and the growth rate are in very good agreement with the experimental results available in the literature.
Pressure Distribution on the Bed of the Compound Flip Buckets
Authors: Yamini O. Aminoroayaie , Kavianpour M.R. , Movahedi Azin
Published: August 2015

Flip buckets are usually placed at the end of chute spillways or outlet conduits of high dams. The projected jets from these buckets jump into plunge pools to dissipate the destructive energy of plunging jets. Compound flip bucket is a special bucket with a non-zero degree of cross sectional slope, followed by a curvature in its longitudinal direction. These structures are very suitable for restricted geometries and conditional topographies. Although, studies of flow over flip buckets turn back to many years and there are valuable information for simple buckets, but still there are uncertainties regarding the flow over compound flip buckets. Therefore, in this study the hydraulic parameters such as pressure, velocity and depth of flow on these structures are presented. Two chute spillways with their flip buckets were used to check the pressure distribution and its variation with different hydraulic characteristic along the compound flip buckets. The scaled model of Gotvand dam (south of Iran) at Water Research Institute of Iran was used for this study. The Froude number varies in the range of 3.5 to 7.5. The results are presented in the form of dimensionless equation, which was calibrated based on the present results. The location of maximum dynamic pressure and pattern of flow obstruction on the bed of the compound flip bucket is also presented.
PRN: a preprint service for catalyzing R-fMRI and neuroscience related studies
Authors: Yan Chao-gan , Li Qingyang , Gao Lei
Published: August 2015

Sharing drafts of scientific manuscripts on preprint hosting services for early exposure and pre-publication feedback is a well-accepted practice in fields such as physics, astronomy, or mathematics. The field of neuroscience, however, has yet to adopt the preprint model. A reason for this reluctance might partly be the lack of central preprint services for the field of neuroscience. To address this issue, we announce the launch of Preprints of the R-fMRI Network (PRN), a community funded preprint hosting service. PRN provides free-submission and free hosting of manuscripts for resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) and neuroscience related studies. Submitted articles are openly discussed and receive feedback from readers and a panel of invited consultants from the R-fMRI Network. All manuscripts and feedback are freely accessible online with citable permanent URL for open-access. The goal of PRN is to supplement the peer reviewed journal publication system – by more rapidly communicating the latest research achievements throughout the world. We hope PRN would help the field to embrace the preprint model and thus further accelerate R-fMRI and neuroscience related studies, eventually enhancing human mental health.
Creating an organization: the legal and accounting aspects
Authors: Поленова  , Polenova S. , Зелинская  , Zelinskaya Ya.
Published: August 2015

Organizing, legal and account components of the creation to organizations pawn the bases of the efficient work in the future. In this connection necessary exact performing the rules corresponding to normative legal documentation, which the main positions are presented in article, as well as decision of the account

problems, not regulated in her. Author’s understanding the possible variant of the reflection is motivated in accounting economic operation, appearing when forming the juridical person.
Accounting small business: national and international standards
Authors: Филобокова  , Filobokova L.
Published: August 2015

From 1 January of the current year, the legal regulation of accounting is a system of Federal and industry standards, with a given vector of development and reform

of the national accounting system in the direction of the IFRS and the presence of an appropriate standard for small and medium businesses, strategically expand

the circle of participants in the relationship and provides small businesses access to the global market, which is considered by the author as one of the most important

conditions for increasing competitiveness and fostering a competitive environment in the national economy.
Optimising the collaborative practice of nurses in primary care settings using a knowledge translation approach
Authors: Oelke Nelly , Wilhelm Amanda , Jackson Karen
Published: August 2015

The role of nurses in primary care is poorly understood and many are not working to their full scope of practice. Building on previous research, this knowledge translation (KT) project's aim was to facilitate nurses’ capacity to optimise their practice in these settings. A Summit engaging Alberta stakeholders in a deliberative discussion was the primary KT method used. Participants developed ten recommendations for the effective utilisation of nurses in primary care. Several challenges were encountered: ensuring broad stakeholder representation; focusing on solutions versus issues; and using common language across stakeholder groups. Lessons learned through this KT approach are also identified.
Appropriating Jerusalem through Sacred Places: Disputed Land and Female Rituals at the Tombs of Mary and Rachel
Authors: Stadler Nurit
Published: August 2015

Due to deep-seated political tensions and intermittent violence between various streams of the city’s three major religions, Jerusalem’s sacred landscape is in the midst of significant change. One of the most salient expressions of this phenomenon is the renaissance of female saint shrines, most notably the Tomb of Mary and the proximate Tomb of Rachel the Matriarch. At these sites, female symbols, imagery rituals, and materiality have become powerful tools for asserting political claims that pertain to land and belonging. I will take stock of this phenomenon through the lens of different ethno-religious groups in Israel/Palestine that are availing themselves of female symbols (such as fertility, suffering, and maternal care) to advance various objectives. I find that these symbols have charged valences within minority communities. For members of the country’s hegemonic denominations, Rachel is the Jewish people’s “eternal mother” as well as a national symbol of the “return of the exiles” to their homeland. At the same time, local Catholic and Orthodox Christians view Mary to be “the mother of minorities” who suffered on behalf of and continues to provide succor for the weak. As a minority, Christians in Israel/Palestine employ this image of the Virgin as part of their effort to struggle with their weakening grip over the territories. Viewing the Virgin as a protector of minority groups is a departure from the vast majority of the Christian world, where Mary constitutes a national symbol that reinforces social belonging. In sum, I show how, amid the ongoing religious struggle, both female icons and their respective sacred venues are mobilized by different groups for the sake of challenging the political order and reshaping the landscape.
Occupy Judaism: Religion, Digital Media, and the Public Sphere
Authors: Fader Ayala , Gottlieb Owen
Published: August 2015

This article provides an analysis of Occupy Judaism, an explicitly religious expression of Jewish protest, which occurred simultaneously with Occupy Wall Street, the direct-democracy movement of 2011. Occupy Judaism, like Occupy Wall Street, took place both in physical spaces of protest in New York City and digitally, through mobilizing and circulating debate. The article focuses on the words and actions of Daniel Sieradski, the public face and one of the key founders of Occupy Judaism, supplemented by the experiences of others in Occupy Judaism, Occupy Wall Street, and Occupy Faith (a Protestant clergy-led initiative). We investigate what qualified as religion in the public sphere of Occupy Wall Street, the implications of activities that blurred the lines between religious and secular in the context of public protest, and the relationship of these place-based activities to digital practice. The article emphasizes the importance of ethnographically investigating both physical protest and digital debate, which in this case created the potential for Jewish leftist religion to occupy a new space in the public sphere for a short time in 2011. Attention to the mediation of religion in the public sphere has implications for rethinking what constitutes the political, the religious, and the secular, as well as how digital practices may be implicated in debates over these terms.
Fascism and Social Anthropology: The Case of Spain Under Franco
Authors: Brandes Stanley
Published: August 2015

This social thought piece constitutes a contribution to the history of anthropology in southern Europe. Using Spain under Francisco Franco as a case study, it demonstrates the close connection between anthropology as an academic discipline, on the one hand, and fascist rule, on the other. While anthropologists neither whole-heartedly accepted the Franco regime (1939–1975) nor worked directly on that regime’s behalf, anthropological topics, theories, and approaches of the day posed no threat to the fascist regime and were, in fact, consonant with certain basic principles promoted by that regime. The culture concept, which linked particular territories to particular customs and ways of life, was in complete accord with the fascist division of society into named geographic entities, each with its own folklore, speech patterns, and popular forms of ritual and religion. Anthropologists and supporters of the Franco dictatorship alike—whether intentionally or not—ignored considerations of socioeconomic class. At the same time, anthropologists began to investigate small communities located in highly complex, literate societies. The rural peoples of these societies came to be classified as “peasants,” identified as repositories of traditional, stable ways of life, inherited from the distant past. Such anthropological studies were consonant with the ideology of the Franco regime, which glorified rural peoples and a supposedly ancient, heroic past. Similar developments were occurring elsewhere in Europe, particularly among anthropologists and folklorists working during the political reign of dictator António Oliveira de Salazar (1932–1968). This piece concludes with changes that have occurred both politically and anthropologically since the rise of democracy in Spain and Portugal during the late 1970s.
Reversing Rupture: Evangelicals’ Practice of Jewish Rituals and Processes of Protestant Inclusion
Authors: Dulin John
Published: August 2015

This article explores how an evangelical community in southern California can embrace disparate worship modalities—formalistic/anti-formalistic, Jewish/Christian—as legitimate and acceptable moral options. It argues that a major engine driving the acceptance of a previously excluded worship form is the way that Jewish rituals become framed within a particular Christian model of time. The meta-ritual discourse of religious leaders and lay people connects the ritual context to other moments in Christian narratives, opening up a pocket of biblical temporality where divine phenomena can crystallize into material worship forms. The model of time I discuss instantiates distinct aspects of Christian metaphysics—immanence/transcendence, spirit/absence/incarnation—at discrete periods in salvation history. The ethnography and argument presented here suggest that attention to discourses that connect different temporal contexts may help us understand how theological ideas drive shifts toward both exclusion and greater inclusion of disparate worship forms in Christian communities.
An Ambiguous Spirit Dream and Tuareg–Kunta Relationships in Rural Northern Mali
Authors: Rasmussen Susan
Published: August 2015

Spirit-themed dreams—whether visitations or soul travels—are altered states that pose special challenges to the anthropologist. They are rooted in subjective personal experience, but their meanings are shaped by culturally and socially constructed religious knowledge and power. This article offers a case study of one Tuareg man’s dream of an elderly female spirit, based on my fieldwork in a small rural community in northern Mali, where residents include Tamajaq-speaking, Muslim, semi-nomadic, and socially stratified Tuareg, as well as Arabic-speaking Kunta, with whom the Tuareg residents have cultural ties but also long-standing tensions. This case study does not represent all local experience, but does illustrate an individual’s interpretation of widespread social, religious, and political predicaments in that village and region. Many Tuareg, whose own cosmological and social systems are at odds with but also influenced by those of North African Islam, express ambivalence toward Kunta efforts to impose more “orthodox” Islamic practices. I show that this spirit dream expresses both religious influences and ambivalence toward them. I explore the meaning of reticence surrounding the spirit’s name and analyze the spirit’s multiple and interpenetrating identities. More broadly, the article shows how dreaming, though psychological and subjective, is also situated in wider contexts of historical, sociopolitical, and religious encounters. Further, it reveals how the cultural models pondered in dreaming and waking interpretations of dreams can involve cultural dissonance and mixed sentiments, rather than agreed upon models, and can refer to past, present, and future concerns. I argue that several possible “kaleidoscopic” identities emerge to describe this spirit figure, thereby reflecting interweaving and contentious models of gender and religion in the dreamer’s community. The article shows the importance of ambiguity in dreams and ambivalence in dreamers as an index of intersecting and colliding meaning systems, contested social changes, and opposed interests.
When a Yuma Meets Mama: Commodified Kin and the Affective Economies of Queer Tourism in Cuba
Authors: Stout Noelle
Published: August 2015

In this article, I explore the kinship imaginaries that emerged between gay male tourists from North America and Europe and Cuban male sex workers and their families within the context of Havana’s queer-erotic economies. Whereas male sex workers throughout Latin America and the Caribbean tend to conceal their male clients from their families, Cuban sexual laborers in this study incorporated queer foreigners into kinship imaginaries. Such bonds often conferred the rights and obligations of kin, while “blood” kinship was increasingly described in and subject to financial terms. Motivated by money rather than “blood” or “choice,” kinship ties fostered between foreign gay men and younger male sex workers prompt a rethinking of non-normative kin ties as an alternative to dominant systems of kinship and suggest the political and economic roots of familial bonds more broadly.
Intersections of Sensorial Perception and Imagination in Divination Practices in Post-war Mozambique
Authors: Igreja Victor
Published: August 2015

Following a long-term analysis of diverse divination practices in central Mozambique, this article examines how the civil war (1976–1992) and developments since the war’s end (2004–2010), which triggered new forms of consumption of mass-media technologies such as television and film, significantly changed the role played by clients, their visual senses, and their imaginative abilities in the production of divinatory knowledge. These novel forms of client engagement in divination have increased the popularity of divination practices while also revealing the possibilities and constraints attached to processes of identity transformation through media technologies. Televized and film-based divination have helped to publicly expose the activities and culprits of serious evil-doing, but they have also shaped the identities of divination clients by offering a meta-commentary that denounces their own links to evil and witches in everyday life.
Spatial Inscriptions of Childhood: Transformations of the Victorian Garden in The Secret Garden, Tom’s Midnight Garden , and The Poison Garden
Authors: Dinter Sandra
Published: August 2015

This article examines the spatial-semantic transformations of the Victorian garden in three novels for children: Frances Hodgson Burnett’s The Secret Garden (1911), Philippa Pearce’s Tom’s Midnight Garden (1958), and Sarah Singleton’s The Poison Garden (2009). Drawing on Michel Foucault’s concept of “heterotopology” and Michel de Certeau’s notion of “spatial practices,” this article reconstructs the evolution of the garden from an intact pastoral setting to a sinister and alienating space. The primary concern of this article is to illustrate how this process of inversion can be read as a spatial mirroring of a gradual deconstruction of the Romantic concept of childhood.
Gaming as Civic Engagement in Salman Rushdie’s Luka and the Fire of Life
Authors: Musgrave Megan L.
Published: August 2015

This essay investigates the ways that Salman Rushdie’s 2010 novel Luka and the Fire of Life engages twenty-first-century concerns about the role of technology in daily life. Borrowing its narrative structure from classic video games, Luka argues that “old” storytelling modes must be adapted in order to remain relevant to new generations for whom technology is becoming indispensable. In this regard, Rushdie supports the position asserted by James Paul Gee, Henry Jenkins, Jane McGonigal, and other new media critics: gaming has the potential not only to bridge the generation gap, but also to sharpen problem-solving skills and inspire young people to integrate play, technology, and citizenship-building activities.
Postmodernity, and Digital Memory versus Human Remembering in M. T. Anderson’s Feed
Authors: Hanson Carter F.
Published: August 2015

M. T. Anderson’s young adult dystopian novel Feed (2002) depicts the social costs of the loss of historical memory in the digital age. Imagining a near future where nearly all teenagers exist on the feed, a brain-computer interface connecting users directly into cyberspace, Anderson portrays US youth as voracious and thoughtless consumers cut off from any historical awareness by the capitalist logic of postmodern, decontextualized image saturation. This article argues that Anderson posits human acts of remembering and dreaming, as opposed to digitally archived “memories,” as moments of transformative potential that might rekindle a critically and socially engaged historical consciousness.
Child Giftedness as Class Weaponry: The Case of Roald Dahl’s Matilda
Authors: Beauvais Clémentine
Published: August 2015

Roald Dahl’s Matilda (1988) is one of the most entrancing accounts in children’s literature of the changes that passionate educators, good literature, and an intrepid disposition can bring to the life of a child whose home environment is not conducive to learning. However, the novel rests on a denunciation and caricature of a specific socioeconomic category and its practices: the petty bourgeoisie. This class-based antipathy, this article argues, goes mostly unnoticed because it is filtered through an alluring portrayal of Matilda’s giftedness that justifies condescension toward the Wormwoods and what they stand for.
Regendering the Festial in British Library MSS Harley 2247 and Royal 18.B.XXV
Authors: Hill Gabriel F.
Published: August 2015

This article examines the ways in which John Mirk’s Festial , a popular late fourteenth-century model sermon collection, was revised and edited in two mid-fifteenth-century manuscripts, British Library MSS Harley 2247 and Royal 18.B.XXV. While Mirk included stories and ideas designed for parochial audiences, many of those ideas were edited out of the Revision in order to create a more academic and intellectual version of the collection that would appeal to a somewhat more elite audience. This article argues that, in addition to making the sermons more academic, the sanctorale sermons (sermons that focus on celebrating the lives of saints) were edited in ways that minimize the power and authority possessed by Saint Anne, the Virgin Mary, Mary Magdalene, and Anna the Prophetess. Instead of Mirk’s active women who provide models of piety, in the Revision these women become passive figures who lack authority and who are dependent on masculine authority.
Liminal Gardens: Edenic Iconography and the Disruption of Sexual Difference in Tragedy
Authors: Redding Adrienne
Published: August 2015

Societal fascination with and anxiety over the potential unfixing of essentialized, oppositional gender roles manifests itself at many different levels in early modern English drama. What Catherine Belsey labels “the tradition of female transvestism,” and its facilitation of staged, comedic, female usurpation of masculine authority, is noticeably absent from tragedy. This article proposes a tragic tradition employing Edenic iconography in connection with female gender-transgressive behavior. Kyd’s The Spanish Tragedy and Shakespeare’s Titus Andronicus showcase the ways in which the unfixing of sexual disposition intersects in tragedy with the garden/bower as a physical setting, with Edenic/garden metaphor applied to and around the bodies of the plays’ female characters, and with an emphasis on perpetual and multilayered vulnerability to observation which, as in Eden, threatens patriarchal inheritance and ultimately results in death.
Gregory of Tours’ Poetics
Authors: Jones Peter Phillip
Published: August 2015

This article uncovers some of the intricate story-telling patterns in the Histories of Gregory of Tours (ca. 538–594 CE). In The Poetics of Biblical Narrative , Meir Sternberg outlines a method of interpretation useful for approaching a literary artifact whose self-classification is history, identifying three principles operating interdependently within any narrative work: the ideological, the historiographical, and the aesthetic. These principles produce a complex network of linkages which make up the narrative as a mode of communication. Using Sternberg’s model as an instrument of interpretation, this analysis identifies narrative devices as functional structures for the Decem Libri Historiarum , such as intentional gaps, repetitions, and time manipulations. Gregory’s narrative demonstrates a flexible poetics, serving the purposes of history and ideology side-by-side. Narrative devices otherwise functionally at odds with one another (omission vs. repetition) are combined to produce a unitary artistic logic.
The Dialogue of Classical and Devotional Cultures in El Greco’s Laocoön of Toledo
Authors: Stoenescu Livia
Published: August 2015

El Greco’s Laocoön and his Sons (ca. 1610–1614) illustrates a range of highly original pictorial choices that adhere to the Christian humanist thought flourishing in late sixteenth-century Toledo. El Greco painted his Laocoön at approximately the same time as Toledo’s humanist and Jesuit theologian Luis de la Cerda (1558–1643) published his erudite commentary on Virgil’s Aeneid , which dramatizes the Laocoön story and Troy’s destruction for moral emphasis. Whereas Cerda stressed the historical terms of the unity of classical and Christian principles as the core of his ethical construction of priesthood, El Greco instead expressed that a conjunction of classically-derived models, engravings, and sixth-century icon-portraits reaffirmed the Laocoön story in Toledo according to the mysteries of devotional art.
Recreating the Devotional space of Dunfermline Abbey Between Ca. 1124–1180
Authors: Lee SangDong
Published: August 2015

Dunfermline Abbey originated from a priory church at Dunfermline, Scotland, was founded by Queen Margaret of Scotland in 1070. The abbey became a burial place of Queen Margaret, who was canonized in 1249, and other members of the royal family. However, it is difficult to identify the medieval liturgical space of Dunfermline, because of the destruction of large parts of the church at the abbey during the Reformation and later on, and the building of the new parish church on the site of the medieval choir and transept in the early nineteenth century. Therefore, this article aims to recreate the development of the Dunfermline liturgical space from the beginning of King David’s reign in 1124 to the translation of St. Margaret’s remains in 1180, and discuss the significance the transformation in devotional space in relation to the focus of devotional activities during the same period of time.
Bear-Dreaming: Converging Animal Traditions in Hrólfs Saga Kraka
Authors: Ramos Eduardo
Published: August 2015

The final battle scene in Hrólfs saga kraka includes a striking episode in which the famed champion Bǫðvarr bjarki fights in the form of a bear. Despite the story of King Hrólfr kraki and his champions surviving in various medieval sources, Bǫðvarr’s taking bear form at the final battle is unique to Hrólfs saga . Traditionally Bǫðvarr and the rest of the king’s champions were berserkir , warriors with the strength and rage of ferocious beasts. However they could not take animal form. The presence of animal double forms is common in the Icelandic sagas, but that tradition is separate from that of the berserkir . By the time that Hrólfs saga reached its current form, continental romance influence was prominent in Icelandic literature. This created a troublesome environment for a heroic berserkr . By analyzing medieval Icelandic animal-warrior and animal-double traditions, this article explores how chivalric influence led to a convergence of these motifs in Hrólfs saga kraka .
Figuring the Dangers of the “Greet Forneys”: Chaucer and Gower’S Timely (Mis)Reporting of the Peasant Voice
Authors: Marshall Camille
Published: August 2015

The pilgrim Miller of Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales is arguably the most disruptive of the company. As a loud, vulgar character who disrespects the set order and will not hold his tongue on anyone’s account, one feature of his description stands out as the key to likening him to the historical rebel peasants of the 1381 uprising: his large furnace-like mouth. This article will focus on how the chroniclers of the 1381 Peasants’ Revolt reported or constructed the rebels’ voice and how Gower’s account of the same event in Book 1 of the Vox clamantis relates to these. Showing how much emphasis these authors give to the destructiveness of rebel voices and the particular use of fire-breathing in their descriptions, Chaucer’s Miller will in turn be reappraised for how he both signals the dangers of reporting rebel words and comically plays with the freedom of literature to portray dissenters.
“To Ben Holden Digne of Reverence”: The Tale-Telling Tactics of Chaucer’s Prioress
Authors: Park Hwanhee
Published: August 2015

The Prioress’s Prologue and Tale demonstrate how a speaker’s authority can be established through internalizing existing texts and their portrayal of exemplary figures. In the tale-telling contest in the Canterbury Tales , the speakers’ social status is not as important as the moral weight and pleasure that the performance of the tale gives to the audience. In this circumstance, the Prioress establishes her stance as a tale-teller that can “ben holden digne of reverence” by performing not only the Tale, but its protagonist, whose youth, innocence, and complete reliance on the Virgin Mary make him a miracle and a wonder. Moving away from the General Prologue’s depiction of a mock courtly lady, the Prioress in her Prologue is presented as a meta-Clergeon, who gets to share the impact and influence that her protagonist has as a spectacle/miracle. By presenting the Prioress in such a way, Chaucer utilizes the medieval notion of self-formation through reading and memory and explores ways in which speakerly authority can be established.
Trade Intensity Analysis of South Africa- BRIC Economic Relations
Authors: Ekor Maxwell , Saka Jimoh , Adeniyi Oluwatosin
Published: August 2015

The study broadly focused on examining the trade and investment relationship between South Africa and the BRIC, using both descriptive and vector autoregressive estimation approaches. Specifically, the key objective is to investigate the impact of trade shocks between South Africa and the individual countries of the BRIC bloc. The findings illustrate that South Africa’s trade was more intense with India in the review period followed by trade with China. The impulse-response outcome showed that South Africa’s GDP reverts faster to equilibrium in the event of a shock in exports to and imports from Brazil. Also, when there is a shock to GDP, South Africa’s imports from Brazil reverts faster to equilibrium. The results of the variance decomposition indicate that inflation accounted for the highest variation in South Africa’s exports to and imports from both Brazil and China. Similarly, inflation explained the greatest variation in the GDP, while the greatest variation in the domestic inflation rate is explained by its own shock. In conclusion, South Africa showed considerable trade intensity with most BRIC Countries. In policy terms, this implies that South Africa can benefit substantially from policies targeted at broadening the scope of its international trade connections with the BRIC bloc with particular emphasis on Brazil and China.
From Migration Regime to Regional Citizenry: Migration and Identity Implications of the East African Common Market
Authors: Rwengabo Sabastiano
Published: August 2015

I examine the East African common market, taken as a regional migration regime, and draw its implications for intra-regional migration and identity formation. Using desk research, I analyse the common market Protocol’s provisions and envisage the implications of its implementation for intraregional migration and identity formation. The findings indicate that the Protocol grants the right of establishment, settlement, and residence; freedom of persons’ movement, provision of labour and services; non-discrimination and equal rights between Partner States’ citizens and intraregional migrants. From these guarantees, I foresee that “open-border” implementation of these provisions may increase intra-EAC migrations. A rise in intraregional migration may increase cross-border social engagements, mingling, and establishment. This phenomenon may alter East Africans’ views and perceptions about their identity, and engender a regional sense of belonging and identity–an East African Citizenry. I recommend that EAC Partner States fully implement the common market, institute measures for handling negative consequences of increased intra-EAC migration, and deliberately encourage East African identity formations consistent with the objective of people-centred regional integration.
“I Know How to Handle My Husband”: Intra-household Decision-Making and Urban Food Production in Kenya
Authors: Simiyu Robert Romborah
Published: August 2015

This paper highlights the role of gender in decision making in urban gardening in Eldoret, a medium-sized Kenyan town. It is based on a household survey of 160 urban farming households in and follow-up in-depth interviews among 24 of the surveyed households. The results show that although men generally wielded greater decision-making power at the household level, women exploited their social spaces and gender roles to (re)negotiate significant roles in decision making in urban gardening. Nonetheless, there were notable gender differences in terms of the initial decision to farm, choice of crops to cultivate, and use of crop products and income. Urban gardening was mostly the initiative of women, who showed preference for and exercised greater control over subsistence crops, and dominated decisions related to the consumption use of crop products. In contrast, men’s role was more pronounced where gardening was income-oriented and economically more visible vis-à-vis other livelihood strategies, and in decisions related to sale of crop products.
Academic Stress and Coping Strategies among Students with Disabilities in Addis Ababa University
Authors: Kumar R. Sreevalsa , Side Ali Sani
Published: August 2015

This study examined the level of academic stress among university students with disabilities and the nature of coping strategies they used to deal with stress. It also examined if there existed significant differences in stress and coping strategies among students with different disabilities and between students with and without disabilities. Data were collected from 117 students with disabilities and 103 students without disabilities by using four individually-administered scales. Results showed that students with and without disabilities experienced moderate level of academic stress and predominantly used problem-focused coping strategies. Students with visual disabilities experienced higher level of stress than students with other disabilities and without disabilities.
Perspectives on Building Trust among Communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Challenges and the Role of Faith Communities
Authors: Fazlić Hazim
Published: August 2015

precis:
This essay examines the role of religious leadership in Bosnia and Herzegovina in current interfaith work and, more importantly, in the reconciliation process within the post-war-of-independence society of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It therefore focuses on the challenges religious leaders face when it comes to rebuilding relations among Muslim, Orthodox, and Catholic communities. Among these challenges are the ability to engage actively with others, to have the voice of religious leaders separate from that of political leaders, and to engage political leaders in the process of reconciliation, even when it goes against their political desires. All these considerations are contingent upon an understanding that political leadership has a need to continue a status quo of separation through which their power base has grown. This essay argues that a relationship with, and an independence from, past and present political elites has been one of the most difficult barriers for religious communities in undertaking any significant reconciliation process based on religious values. Any future reconciliation and interfaith work carried out by the religious communities in Bosnia depends, to a large extent, upon this relationship.
Sayyid Musa al-Sadr, the Lebanese State, and the Left
Authors: Abisaab Rula Jurdi
Published: August 2015

Several scholars have studied various aspects of the life and thought of Sayyid Musa al-Sadr (1928-78), the distinguished Iranian Shiʿi cleric who won much popularity in Lebanon during the 1960s and the 1970s. Rarely has Sayyid Musa’s engagement with the state as a legal and juridical apparatus been investigated nor his conflict with the Shiʿi left. My paper considers these two dimensions as part and parcel of the context of the Movement of the Dispossessed ( harakat al-mahrumin ) and its full implications for Lebanese Shiʿis. My paper revisits Sayyid Musa’s engagement with the Lebanese state, and his approach to the Left and its secularist programmes. It examines the interface of religion and secularism through the formation of the Supreme Islamic Shiʿi Council in 1969, and the launching of the Movement of the Dispossessed in 1974. It also illuminates the challenge which the mahrumin movement posed to the Left in general, and the Communists in particular. During the 1960s and the 1970s, leftist journalists, thinkers, unionists, and artists brought to the public sphere a powerful discourse against the state and capital. They strove through their parties and civil spheres to organize the Lebanese around class issues and secular political demands. The mahrumin movement emerged out of this environment but took on a life of its own. It marked the first public forum for the co-optation of the Shiʿi Left and the entry of the cleric to the centre of political life. It inspired new connections between religion, the public sphere, and the state.
A Shi‛i Religious Perspective on Lebanese Sectarianism: The Islamic Shi‛i Supreme Council under Shaykh Muhammad Mahdi Shams al-Din (1978-2001)
Authors: Kawtharani Farah
Published: August 2015

This article examines the development of the position of Shaykh Muhammad Mahdi Shams al-Din (d.2001), who headed Lebanon’s Islamic Shiʿi Supreme Council, ISSC, from 1978 to 2001, on the Lebanese sectarian system. I trace the progression of his positions which underwent three phases: first, accommodation with sectarianism, albeit with reforms proposals, during the phase of collaboration with Sayyid Musa al-Sadr in the 1970s; second, a more radicalized position that rebutted the sectarian system in the midst of the civil war and the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982; and finally, a de facto acceptance of the war-ending Taʾif Agreement of 1989 that consolidated sectarianism. I argue that the changing political context of post-war Lebanon and the rise of Hezbollah as a contending force on the Shiʿi Lebanese scene have propelled Shams al-Din to seek rapprochement with the Lebanese state, in line with the legacy that Musa al-Sadr had initiated in Lebanon when he founded the ISSC.
The Scholar’s Turban versus the Warrior’s: The Shifting Basis of Religious and Political Authority in Lebanese Shiʿism
Authors: El-Karanshawy Samer
Published: August 2015

This article examines the conflation of religious and political authority among Lebanese Shiʿa. Over the last few decades, the Lebanese Shiʿi community witnessed a number of major shifts that gave birth to a new reality. Migration to West Africa created new elites of new wealth that supported new political and religious leaders. Families traditionally interested in religious education that produced generations of ulema yielded their place to others. Najaf, the traditional seat of Shiʿi learning for centuries, and also the birthplace of influential reformist movements, suffered terribly under the oppression of the Baʿath Party in Iraq in the 1970s and 80s, which coincided with the Iranian revolution, allowing for the rise of Qum and the influence of the Islamic Republic through it. In the meantime, after the civil war in Lebanon had started in 1975, armed Shiʿi political organization emerged, first AMAL then Hezbollah. The legacy of the latter’s resistance to Israel redefined politics among the Lebanese Shiʿa. Central figures such as Muhammad Husayn Fadlallah, Muhammad Mahdi Shams al-Din, and Hasan Nasrallah all emerged through these shifts, changes, and sources of influence; they were shaped by them and interacted with them. The final outcome is a context in which the religious and political are hard to separate, in which traditional scholarly qualifications do not have the weight they once carried, and where media and narratives of war and struggle are definitive.
In the Wake of the Islamic State Threat: Repercussions on Sunni-Shiʿi Competition in Lebanon
Authors: Daher Aurélie
Published: August 2015

Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, appointed caliph of the ‘Islamic State’ proclaimed in 2014 over territories in Iraq and Syria, did not hide the expansionist aims of his organization, Daʿesh (also known as ISIS), in the Levant. Going beyond the alarmist excesses of some analyses, the menace of radical Islam for Lebanese sovereignty in particular sounds credible. Daʿesh has more than one reason to be interested in Lebanon and to achieve a breakthrough there, even if only a partial one. Moreover, its infiltration would seem to be facilitated by the presence of 1.2 million Syrian refugees as much as by the infatuation with the cause of the Islamic State by certain components of the Lebanese Sunni community. But what are the real risks of a successful invasion by the Islamic State’s fighters? And, most importantly, what resources can Lebanon bring to bear in order to prevent it? Faced with these undeniable sources of destabilization, two armed forces can take to the field: the Lebanese army and Hezbollah. But neither can pursue any sort of protection of the borders and national territory successfully without both political will on the part of Lebanon’s ruling parties and international assistance and cooperation on several levels.
Entre Arte e Docência: um estudo sobre o perfil de egresso dos cursos de graduação em dança no Sul do Brasil
Authors: Souza João , Pereira Marcelo de Andrade , Icle Gilberto
Published: August 2015

O presente texto analisa o perfil de egresso dos cursos universitários de graduação em dança do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Problematiza-se um enunciado recorrente em tais documentos, qual seja, a promessa de que a união entre arte e docência garantiria um futuro profissional melhor adequado ao mundo do trabalho. Tal análise se baseia na ideia de prática discursiva de Michel Foucault e, a partir dela, discute diversos conceitos com o intuito de compreender as formações e atravessamentos que podem ser lidos nos documentos analisados. A noção principal de não dicotomização entre arte e docência é explorada no interior da análise com especial atenção aos movimentos discursivos ali presentes.