bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The global potential for natural regeneration in deforested tropical regions
Authors: Williams Brooke , Beyer Hawthorne , Fagan Matthew , Chazdon Robin , Schmoeller Marina , Sprenkle-Hyppolite Starry , Griscom Bronson , Watson James , Tedesco Anazélia , Gonzalez-Roglich Mariano , Daldegan Gabriel , Bodin Blaise , Celentano Danielle , Wilson Sarah , Alexandre Nikola , Kim Do-Hyung , Bastos Diego Bastos , Crouzeilles Renato
Published: August 2023

Extensive forest restoration is a key strategy to meet nature-based sustainable development goals and provide multiple social and environmental benefits. Yet achieving forest restoration at scale requires cost-effective methods. Tree planting in degraded landscapes is a popular but costly forest restoration method, which often results in less biodiverse forests when compared to natural regeneration techniques under similar conditions. Here, we assess the current spatial distribution of pantropical natural forest (from 2000-2016) and use this information to present the first model of the potential for natural regeneration across tropical forested countries and biomes at 30-meter spatial resolution. We estimate that 215 million hectares - an area greater than the entire country of Mexico - have potential for natural forest regeneration, representing an above-ground carbon sequestration potential of 23.4 Gt CO2 (range 21.1-25.7 Gt) over 30 years. Five countries (Brazil, Indonesia, China, Mexico, and Colombia) account for 52% of this estimated potential, showcasing the need for targeting restoration initiatives that leverage natural regeneration potential. Our results facilitate broader equitable decision-making processes that capitalise on the widespread opportunity for natural regeneration to help achieve national and global environmental agendas.
A Novel Encoding Technique Using a Self Invertible Key Matrix and the Adjacency Matrices of Pan Graphs
Authors: P Mohan , K Rajendran , A Rajesh
Published: August 2023

Message encryption techniques are now the most important safeguards for our data and communications. The use of networks and the internet has sped up the development of message encryption technology. If sensitive, private messages are shared over unsecured networks, there is a possibility of an attack, theft, or hacking of the communications. It has been revealed that using cryptographic techniques is essential for shortening this period. The Caesar Cipher, Hill Cipher, and others are a few examples of the symmetric enciphering methods. The enciphering method given in this article encrypts and decrypts the input messages to generate a complex cipher using a self-invertible key matrix and an adjacency matrix of the pan graphs. Since the key matrix we are using is the self-invertible matrix, whose inverse always exists, we can decode the cipher without having to compute the inverse of the key matrix. The reduction in computational complexity facilitates our capacity to determine the inverse of a key matrix.
Assessment of Staphylococcus Aureus Growth on Biocompatible 3D Printed Materials
Authors: Senderovich Nicole , Shah Sharan , Ow Thomas J. , Rand Stephanie , Nosanchuk Joshua , Wake Nicole
Published: August 2023

The customizability of 3D printing allows for the manufacturing of personalized medical devices such as laryngectomy tubes, but it is vital to establish the biocompatibility of printing materials to ensure that they are safe and durable. The goal of this study was to assess the presence of S. aureus biofilms on a variety of 3D printed materials (two surgical guide resins, a photopolymer, an elastomer, and a thermoplastic elastomer filament) as compared to standard, commercially available laryngectomy tubes.
C-shaped discs (15 mm in height, 20 mm in diameter, and 3 mm in thickness) were printed with five different biocompatible 3D printing materials and S. aureus growth was compared to ShileyTM laryngectomy tubes made from polyvinyl chloride. Discs of each material were inoculated with S. aureus cultures and incubated overnight. All materials were then removed from solution, washed in phosphate-buffered saline to remove planktonic bacteria, and sonicated to detach biofilms. Some solution from each disc was plated and colony-forming units were manually counted the following day. The resulting data was analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test to determine pairwise significance between the laryngectomy tube material and the 3D printed materials.
The Shiley™ tube grew a median of 320 colonies (IQR 140-520), one surgical guide resin grew a median of 640 colonies (IQR 356-920), the photopolymer grew a median of 340 colonies (IQR 95.5-739), the other surgical guide resin grew a median of 431 colonies (IQR 266.5-735), the thermoplastic elastomer filament grew a median of 188 colonies (IQR 113.5-335), and the elastomer grew a median of 478 colonies (IQR 271-630). Using the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test, manual quantification showed a significant difference between biofilm formation only between the Shiley™ tube and a surgical guide resin (p=0.018).
This preliminary study demonstrates that bacterial colonization was comparable among most 3D printed materials as compared to the conventionally manufactured device. Continuation of this work with increased replicates will be necessary to determine which 3D printing materials optimally resist biofilm formation.
Analyzing Factors Influencing Groundwater Recharge Potential in the Middle Ganga Basin: An AHP Approach
Authors: Arya Er. Vinay , Rao Mavidnam Someshwar
Published: August 2023

The middle Ganga basin assumes a pivotal role in India's socio-economic and ecological fabric, supporting a substantial population dwelling along its banks. This paper seeks to analyze factors influencing the ground water recharge potential in the region, employing sophisticated techniques, including Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), remote sensing, and Geographic Information System (GIS). The study delves into the intricate relationships between land use, rainfall patterns, soil characteristics, and lineaments, assessing their impact on groundwater recharge. By utilizing AHP methodology, a comprehensive evaluation of the factors' significance and relative importance is achieved. Remote sensing data and satellite imagery are harnessed to procure precise spatial information, facilitating the identification and mapping of distinct land use categories within the study area. The outcomes highlight regions with heightened potential for groundwater recharge within the middle Ganga basin, offering vital insights for sustainable water resource management, benefitting the vast population dependent on the Ganga River. In conclusion, this paper provides crucial insights into factors impacting groundwater recharge potential in the middle Ganga basin, empowering informed decision-making in water resource management. The amalgamation of AHP, remote sensing, and GIS techniques enhances result accuracy and reliability, rendering them pertinent for policy-makers, planners, and stakeholders involved in sustainable development and water management in the region.
Passive carbon sequestration associated with wollastonite mining, Adirondack Mountains, New York
Authors: Peck William H. , Keller Dianne , Arnold Victoria S. , McDonald Faith , Kuentz Lily C. , Nugent Paul M.
Published: August 2023

Crushed ore in Adirondack wollastonite mines (New York) shows textural evidence for wollastonite dissolution and cementation by calcite and opal. The reaction CaSiO3 + CO2 = CaCO3 + SiO2 is a model reaction for silicate weathering and carbonation that has not been characterized in the field until now (outside of controlled experiments). Cemented samples from the Lewis and Fox Knoll mines contain up to 3% and 6% calcite, respectively, and contain modern 14C. Carbon isotope ratios have an organic signature at both mines but more strongly at Lewis (δ13C from –9‰ to –29‰ VPDB), which, along with observed filamentous biofilms, supports a microbial role in mineralization.

Differences are seen between wollastonite weathering in these mines vs. wollastonite weathering in lab experiments and field studies of carbonate formation in other rock types. Grains surrounded by reaction products reach complete dissolution here, indicating that passivation by jacketing is not important at the field sites. Also, dissolved ions do not all form in situ reaction products, suggesting that solutes are leaving the system. A key finding of this study is the strong organic δ13C signature of calcite cements at the Lewis mine, which also show higher calcite content per years of exposure compared to cements at the Fox Knoll mine. Although microbial fractionation complicates isotopic assessment of atmospheric CO2 sequestration, our findings suggest sequestration rates are enhanced by geomicrobiological activity.
Different structural behavior of MgSiO3 and CaSiO3 glasses at high pressures
Authors: Kondo Nozomi M. , Kono Yoshio , Ohira Itaru , Hrubiak Rostislav , Ohara Koji , Nitta Kiyofumi , Sekizawa Oki
Published: August 2023

Knowledge of the structural behavior of silicate melts and/or glasses at high pressures provides fundamental information for discussing the nature and properties of silicate magmas in the Earth’s interior. The behavior of Si-O structures under high-pressure conditions has been widely studied, while the effect of cation atoms on the high-pressure structural behavior of silicate melts or glasses has not been well investigated. In this study, we investigated the structures of MgSiO3 and CaSiO3 glasses up to 5.4 GPa by in situ X-ray pair distribution function measurements to understand the effect of different cations (Mg2+ and Ca2+) on high-pressure structural behavior of silicate glasses. We found that the structural behavior of MgSiO3 and CaSiO3 glasses are different at high pressures. The structure of MgSiO3 glass changes by shrinking of Si-O-Si angle with increasing pressures, which is consistent with previous studies for SiO2 and MgSiO3 glasses. On the other hand, CaSiO3 glass shows almost no change in Si-Si distance at high pressures, while the intensities of two peaks at ~3.0 and ~3.5 Å change with increasing pressure. The structural change in CaSiO3 glass at high pressure is interpreted as the change in the fraction of the edge-shared and corner-shared CaO6-SiO4 structures. The different high-pressure structural behavior observed in MgSiO3 and CaSiO3 glasses may be the origin of differences in properties, such as viscosity between MgSiO3 and CaSiO3 melts at high pressures. This signifies the importance of different structural behaviors due to different cations in investigations of the nature and properties of silicate magmas in Earth’s interior.
The role of fluctuations in quantum and classical time crystals
Authors: Heugel Toni Louis , Eichler Alexander , Chitra Ramasubramanian , Zilberberg Oded
Published: August 2023

Discrete time crystals (DTCs) are a many-body state of matter whose dynamics are slower than the forces acting on it. The same is true for classical systems with period-doubling bifurcations. Hence, the question naturally arises what differentiates classical from quantum DTCs. Here, we analyze a variant of the Bose-Hubbard model, which describes a plethora of physical phenomena and has both a classical and a quantum time-crystalline limit. Fluctuations enter the system due to the intrinsic quantum uncertainty and/or due to finite coupling to an environment. These fluctuations can activate transitions between the system’s various stationary solutions. We study the role of fluctuations on the stability of the system in the long-time limit and find no distinction between quantum and classical DTCs. This allows us to probe the fluctuations in an experiment using two strongly coupled parametric resonators subject to classical noise.
Optimal decision-making in the water, land and food nexus using artificial intelligence and extreme machine learning
Authors: Shao Wei , Ding Yihang , Wen Jinghao , Zhu Pengxu , Ou Lisong
Published: August 2023

The development of decision-making systems based on artificial intelligence can lead to achieving optimal solutions water-land-food nexus. In this paper, an extreme learning machine model was developed with the objective function of wheat production maximization. The constraints defined for this problem are divided into three categories: technical parameters of production in agriculture, climatic stress on water resources and land limits. The water, land and food nexus was simulated using 23 experimental farms in Henan province during the 2021–2022 cultivation year. Root-mean-square error was used as an error criterion, and Pearson's coefficient was incorporated into the decision-making system as a correlation index of variables. Harvest index, length of the growth period, cultivation costs and irrigation water were the criteria to evaluate the impact of the sustainable model. The harvest index and the length of the growth period showed the highest and lowest correlation with the production rate, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal management of irrigation water and cost had the most significant impact on increasing crop production. The method proposed in this paper can be a virtual cropping model by changing the area under cultivation of a crop in the different farms of a study area, which increases yield production.
An overview of biogenic metallic nanoparticles for water treatment and purification: the state of the art
Authors: Azeez Luqmon , Lateef Agbaje , Olabode Olalekan
Published: August 2023

The environment is fundamental to human existence, and protecting it from dangerous contaminants should be a top priority for all stakeholders. Reducing garbage output has helped, but as the world's population grows, more waste will be generated. Tons of waste inadvertently and advertently received by environmental matrixes adversely affect the sustainable environment. The pollution caused by these activities affects the environment and human health. Conventional remediation processes ranging from chemical, physical, and biological procedures use macroaggregated materials and microorganisms to degrade or remove pollutants. Undesirable limitations of expensiveness, disposal challenges, maintenance, and formation of secondary contaminants abound. Additionally, multiple stages of treatments to remove different contaminants are time-consuming. The need to avoid these limitations and shift towards sustainable approaches brought up nanotechnology options. Currently, nanomaterials are being used for environmental rejuvenation that involves the total degradation of pollutants without secondary pollution. As nanoparticles are primed with vast and modifiable reactive sites for adsorption, photocatalysis, and disinfection, they are more useful in remediating pollutants. Review articles on metallic nanoparticles usually focus on chemically synthesized ones, with a particular focus on their adsorption capacity and toxicities. Therefore, this review evaluates the current status of biogenic metallic nanoparticles for water treatment and purification.
Analysis of the impact of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir on the runoff of the Yellow River downstream based on CEEMDAN-multiscale information entropy
Authors: Zhang Xianqi , Qiao Wenbao , Huang Jiafeng , Shi Jingwen , Zhang Minghui
Published: August 2023

Water resources are vital to the development of human society, and mastering the law of runoff changes is the basis for achieving sustainable use of water resources. To study the impact of reservoir construction on the changes of downstream river runoff, this paper decomposes the runoff before and after reservoir construction using the CEEMDAN method based on the runoff data from the Huayuankou hydrological station. The fluctuation characteristics of each decomposition series of runoff before and after reservoir construction and the intra-annual variation pattern of runoff are also analyzed by combining multi-time information entropy and coefficient of variation. The results show that after the operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, the annual runoff variation cycle tends to be flat, and the monthly runoff cycle is significantly reduced. After reservoir construction, the entropy values of each IMF and Res of runoff become larger, the complexity and randomness of runoff changes increase, and predictability decreases. Before and after the operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, the coefficient of variation of runoff were 0.28–1 and 0.38–0.83, the distribution of runoff was more uniform, and the percentage of runoff in the flood season was reduced from 51.51 to 39.89%.
Ações do Programa de Gestão Ambiental nas Empresas na Pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Borba Joellyson Ferreira da Silva , Sousa Antonio Augusto Pereira de , Silva Gilberlândio Nunes da , Rodrigues Dauci Pinheiro , Rodrigues Maria da Conceição Alves , Nogueira Hilda Camila Nascimento , Sousa Ianna Maria Sodré Ferreira de
Published: August 2023

O surgimento do novo Coronavírus proporcionou uma série de reflexões diante de diferentes temáticas concernentes à sociedade, uma vez que os mais variados aspectos foram severamente afetados, tais como a economia, educação, saúde física, mental e psicológica. Nesse sentido, o Programa de Gestão Ambiental nas Empresas – PGAMEM propôs a realização de seminários temáticos com o objetivo de promover discussões acerca da conscientização da comunidade acadêmica diante das circunstâncias criadas pela COVID-19, onde professores e alunos vinculados ao programa discutiram temas voltados a crise financeira, a desigualdade social, saúde mental, ensino remoto emergencial, entre outros temas, buscando promover uma formação crítica em cima de qualquer vínculo direto ligado ao negacionismo científico. O PGAMEM faz parte dos programas de extenção vinculados a Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, atuando deste 2008 ao discutir temáticas voltadas para a educação ambiental em escolas e grandes empresas da região de Campina Grande. Deste modo, os resultados desta pesquisa foram obtidos a partir de uma análise qualitativa com base nos dados recebidos por meio da aplicação de questionários por meio do Google Formulários na medida em que os seminários foram realizados. Logo, foi possível perceber a necessidade em se discutir essas temáticas, como meio de conscientizar o público alvo desta pesquisa. Portanto, a pesquisa concluiu seus estudos com satisfação em resultados ao garantir que os participantes conquistassem conhecimento diante da pandemia enfrentada.
From Basics of Coordination Chemistry to Understanding Cisplatin-analogue Pt
Drugs
Authors: Akitsu Takashiro , Tsvetkova Dobrina , Yamamoto Yuma , Nakane Daisuke , Kostova Irena
Published: August 2023

Background:

Cisplatin, a platinum complex discovered by Rosenberg in 1969, has long been known
as the first metal-based anticancer agent. Since then, various similar derivatives of cisplatin have been investigated
for pharmacological activity, and the approved complexes have been applied as drugs.

Objectives:

The aims of the current study are: 1) to summarize the advantages and dose-limiting effects of the
approved and unapproved chemotherapy platinum cytostatics, 2) to develop new strategies for the development
of platinum anticancer drugs, and 3) to clarify the important factors for the mechanism of action of platinum
complexes.

Methods:

A search was conducted in the literature databases, and the obtained information was summarized
and analyzed.

Results:

Myelosuppression is the main dose-limiting effect and the reason for the disapproval of platinum complexes,
such as picoplatin, enloplatin, miboplatin, sebriplatin, zeniplatin, spiroplatin, iproplatin, and ormaplatin.
From the basic point of view of inorganic coordination chemistry, such as theoretical calculations, crystal structures
of model complexes, docking structures with nucleic acid molecules, spectroscopy, and biological aspects,
the importance of physicochemical properties of inorganic platinum complexes for their mechanism of action
has been indicated. Spectroscopic methods, such as FTIR, NMR, X-ray crystal structure analysis, and fluorescence
microscopy, are important for the investigation of the conformational changes in the binding of platinum
complexes and DNA.

Conclusion:

In the development of platinum complexes, strong anti-cancer drug activity, low toxicity, and resistance
can be obtained by the application of polynuclear platinum agents, complexes with targeted activity,
and nanoparticle formulations. Electronic structure, stereochemical, and thermodynamic properties are essential
for understanding the reaction mechanism of platinum complexes.
Applications and Biological Potential of Substituted Pyridazine Analogs in Medicinal
and Agricultural Fields
Authors: Asif Mohammad , Allahyani Mamdouh , Almehmadi Mazen Mohammed , Alsaiari Ahad Amer
Published: August 2023

Pyridazine derivatives are an important heterocyclic family in medication development.
Because of their biological relevance, there has been a surge in interest in the chemistry
of pyridazine derivatives in recent years. Anti-tubercular, antifungal, antibacterial, analgesic,
anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-AIDS, cardiovascular
activity, anticonvulsant, and possibly useful neuroprotective actions have all been identified
for pyridazine derivatives. They have also pesticide and herbicide action. The purpose of this
study is to highlight the numerous pyridazine analogs as well as their pharmacological and
agricultural implications.
Performance Analysis of Alexnet for Classification of Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: T. Sivakumari , R. Vani
Published: August 2023

Background:

In recent years, automated grading of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) has focused on determining disease progression. Clinical examinations and radiographic image review are necessary for diagnosis. Timely and accurate diagnosis, along with medical care, can slow down KOA progression. X-rays and MRI are crucial diagnostic tools. KOA diagnosis traditionally relies on radiologists' and clinicians' experience. However, the rapid development of deep learning technology (AI) offers promising solutions for medical applications.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to review and summarize various methods proposed by researchers for the automated grading of KOA. Additionally, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of the AlexNet model in classifying the severity of KOA. The performance of the AlexNet model has been compared to that of other models, and the results have been assessed.

Method:

A comprehensive review of existing research on automated grading of KOA has been conducted. Various methods proposed by different researchers have been examined and summarized. The AlexNet model has been employed for classifying the severity of KOA, and its performance has been evaluated. A comparative analysis has been carried out to compare the performance of the AlexNet model with that of other models. The results obtained from the evaluation have been assessed to determine the effectiveness of the AlexNet model in the automated grading of KOA.

Results:

The results of the study indicate that the AlexNet model demonstrates promising performance in classifying the severity of KOA. Comparative analysis reveals that the AlexNet model outperforms other models in terms of accuracy and efficiency. The evaluation of the model's performance provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of deep learning techniques for automated grading of KOA.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the significance of automated grading in the diagnosis and management of knee osteoarthritis. The utilization of deep learning technology, particularly the AlexNet model, shows promise in accurately classifying the severity of KOA. The findings suggest that automated grading methods can serve as valuable tools for healthcare professionals in assessing the progression of KOA and providing appropriate medical care. Further research and development in this area can contribute to enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of automated grading systems for KOA.
Interfacing Silver Nanoparticles with Hematene Nanosheets for the
Electrochemical Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Thirumoorthi Kavitha Rani , Tadi Kiran Kumar
Published: August 2023

Background:

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important metabolite that plays a crucial role in
enzymatic reactions in living organisms. However, it acts as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) that causes
various chronic diseases. The main challenging aspects in detecting H2O2 in body cells are the ultra-lowlevel
concentrations and its reactivity. Hence, it is highly essential to develop a platform for H2O2 with
high sensitivity and selectivity.

Objective:

In this work, we report an electrochemical biosensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by
interfacing 3-dimensional silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) with 2-dimensional hematene (HMT)
nanosheets.

Methods:

The two-dimensional nanomaterial, HMT, was exfoliated from natural iron ore hematite (α-
Fe2O3) and characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The morphology of the Ag nanoparticles and HMT
was imaged by scanning electron microscope. Electrochemical characterization of Ag/HMT modified
glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

Results:

The fabricated sensor showed a wide linearity range of H2O2 concentrations from 0.99 μM to
1110 μM and a low detection limit of 0.16 μM using CV. Further, the sensor was successfully applied for
the electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide using chronoamperometry (CA) from 20 μM to 1110
μM (LOD 5.5 μM).

Conclusion:

The proposed electrochemical sensor for H2O2 is fast responding with a high sensitivity, and
shows selectivity in the presence of biologically important molecules. These consequences suggested that
the formation of heterostructures between 2D and 3D nanomaterials unveils the possibility of stable and
selective electrochemical sensors for bioanalytics.
The Development and Evaluation of Linalool-loaded Liposomal Gel for
Oral Candida Infections: Characterization, Skin Permeation, Dermal
Retention, and In Vitro Anti-microbial Studies
Authors: Rai Vineet Kumar , Thakran Pragati , Rajwar Tushar Kanti , Sharma Alok , Yadav Kuldeep Singh , Kar Biswakanth , Ghosh Goutam , Rath Goutam
Published: August 2023

Background:

Linalool is a known anti-fungal molecule. It could be a good candidate against oropharyngeal candidiasis if its retention in deeper skin layers, specifically at body tempera-ture, can be extended for a long duration.

Aim:

We aimed to develop and evaluate a linalool liposome-based mucoadhesive gel.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to improvise localization in oral mucosa by achieving sus-tained release, ensuring less volatility of linalool and less permeability into the systemic circulation through the mucosa.

Methods:

The liposomes were prepared by film formation and hydration method and characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, encapsulation efficiency, and morphological characteristics. The lipid carriers were dispersed into the gel matrix of carbopol 934 and HPMC.

Results:

The gel was characterized and evaluated for in vitro drug release, ex vivo drug permeation through the goat mucosa and ex vivo dermal retention studies. The particle size and entrapment effi-ciency were 201 nm and 79.8%, respectively, with 0.300 PDI. Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed the spherical shape of the particles with a well-identified surface. The gel pH (6.8) was close to oral mucosal pH and had desired adhesiveness and rheological properties. The latter portrayed a slow linalool release (74.75% in 12 hours), low permeation (28.80% in 24 hours) through the mucosa and high retention (45%) compared to simple linalool gel, ensuring its improvised anti-microbial effectiveness against candida.

Conclusion:

A mucoadhesive liposomal gel offers a suitable medium for ensuring modified release, improved mucosal retention, and the ability to achieve the desired therapeutic effectiveness locally in mucosa for other drugs of volatile nature.
Chromene and its Importance: Chemistry and Biology
Authors: Verma Nitin , Sood Parul , Singh Jitender , Kumar Jha Niraj , Rachamalla Mahesh , Dua Kamal
Published: August 2023

Chromene (benzopyrans) is one of the privileged scaffold molecules that are widely distributed in natural products and possesses a wide variety of pharmacological activities such as anticoagulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmolytic, antitumor, antihepatotoxic, diuretic, estrogenic, antiviral, antifungal, antimicrobial, anthelminthic, anti-HIV, antitubercular, herbicidal, anticonvulsant and analgesic. Their low toxicity combined with their broad pharmacological properties has inspired researchers to obtain new chromenes and derivatives possessing considerable pharmacological action. The present review article attempts to summarize the natural source of chromene and its derivatives along with updated knowledge on its biological activities.
Usability of Mobile Application for Implementing Genetic Counselling Intervention among Thalassemia Patients and Caregivers: A Case Study of Cyber Gen
Authors: Setiawan Henri , Hidayat Nur , Farihatun Atun , Indriastuti Marlina , Kurniawan Rudi , Firmansyah Andan , Andarini Esti , Lutfi Sandi Yudisa Diaz
Published: August 2023

Utilization of communication and information technology has been widely used in the health sector, especially nursing. As one of the nursing interventions for thalassemia patients and caregivers, genetic counseling is not only done face to face but can use android-based telenursing facilities through the complete features available in the Cyber Gen application. This study aims to measure the usability level of Cyber Gen application as an indirect genetic counseling medium for thalassemia patients. This application was developed with four main services: basic information about diseases, consultation rooms, social support, and direct surveys. This application is built using the Flutter Framework, the Dart programming language, and Cloud Firestore as the database. Usability was measured by using the System Usability Scale in two groups of 30 respondents each with an incidental sampling technique. The usability score shows 81.75 for personal users and 82.25 for counselor users with a 100% readiness level for use. These results indicate that the Cyber Gen application can be used to deliver genetic counseling intervention to thalassemia patients and caregivers.
Comparison of Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN), and Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) for Classifying Corn Leaf Disease based on Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) Feature Extraction
Authors: Solihin Firdaus , Syarief Muhammad , Rochman Eka Mala Sari , Rachmad Aeri
Published: August 2023

Image classification involves categorizing an image's pixels into specific classes based on their unique characteristics. It has diverse applications in everyday life. One such application is the classification of diseases on corn leaves. Corn is a widely consumed staple food in Indonesia, and healthy corn plants are crucial for meeting market demands. Currently, disease identification in corn plants relies on manual checks, which are time-consuming and less effective. This research aims to automate disease identification on corn leaves using the Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) with K=2, and Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) algorithms. The classification process utilizes the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) feature extraction method with a dataset of corn leaf images. The classification results achieved an accuracy of 71.44%, AUC of 79.16%, precision of 70.08%, recall of 71.44%, and f1 score of 67.11%. The highest accuracy was obtained by combining HOG feature extraction with the SGD algorithm.
Classification of Corn Seed Quality using Residual Network with Transfer Learning Weight
Authors: Koeshardianto Meidya , Agustiono Wahyudi , Setiawan Wahyudi
Published: August 2023

Corn is one of the main ingredients in farm animal feed. Currently, corn is preferable because widely available and cheaper in the market than others. However, it needs quality control on corn production. The company that manufactures animal feed has certain quality standards to receive corn material. On the other hand, the quality of corn produced varies greatly. Thus, quality control when receiving corn from suppliers greatly affects the quality of animal feed. The quality of feed ingredients is classified into physical properties and analytical values. Physical properties are determined so that the resulting corn can be accepted or rejected, while the analytical value is used as the basis for formulating the diet. The physical properties of corn are determined by the human senses, such as sight and smell, while the analytical value is by chemical analysis. Physical quality control by relying on human senses is certainly limited and takes time. Based on these problems, it needs to make a classification system of corn seeds automatically. This study uses corn seed images as classification data. The system uses public data from Naagar which consists of four classes:  pure, discolored, silk cut, and broken. Image classification uses a Convolutional Neural network (CNN) with ResNet152v2 architecture. The hyperparameters used consist of a learning rate of 0.001, a batch size of 512, and an epoch of 25. Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam) for the optimizer. Percentage of data training vs validation 80:20. The validation results show an accuracy of 65%, precision of 66%, and recall of 64%.
Development of Electrical Machine Training Kits to Increase Competency in Practical Learning and Work Readiness in The Industry
Authors: Budiastuti Pramudita , Damarwan Eko Swi , Triatmaja Adhy Kurnia , Setyanto Barry Nur
Published: August 2023

This study aims to develop Electrical Machine Training Kit for electrical machine practice media in vocational education. This type of research with Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model. The background of this research is that the need for electrical machine competency, which students should have mastered, is still insufficient due to inadequate tools. Many graduates still have difficulty getting a job in the industry because competence has not been fulfilled during college. Electronic engineering vocational education is a study program that has the goal of producing superior graduates in achieve electrical machine competence and being ready to work in the industry. Electronic engineering vocational education is a new study program that is still in the development stage to achieve this goal. The media aspect obtains a minimum value of 87.5% and a maximum value of 90%. Material aspects get a value of 88.40% for suitability material and 90.2% for the quality of learning. The user feasibility test obtained a value of 89.80% in review from motivation, 88.0% in terms of convenience, and 90.3% in terms of material. It is concluded that the Electrical Machine Training Kit is included in the "very feasible" category.
A Person-Centered Guide to Demystifying Technology, 2nd Edition: Working together to observe, question, design, prototype, and implement/reject technology in support of people's valued beings and doings
Authors: Wolske Martin
Published: August 2023

Digital technologies old and new are not objects that can be packed inside a box. They are a seamless, indivisible combination of people, organizations, policies, economies, histories, cultures, knowledge, and material things that are continuously shaped and reshaped. Every one of us innovates-in-use our everyday technologies; we just do not always know it. We are shaped by the networked information tools in our midst, and we shape them and thereby shape others. While many of the chapters in this book can be approached as standalone explorations, as many around the world have done, its full potential comes when collaboratively taken as a journey through twelve sessions. Each session in this second, revised edition includes two thematically linked chapters, one more socially oriented and one more technically oriented. Sessions are brought together into three larger generative themes that are built from three decades of participatory design in and with community, and from the teaching of these concepts and practices in courses and workshops. Approached within a community of practice, learning outcomes include discovering ways to advance power, both power within and power with others; advancing our technical skills, but also and even more, our progressive community engagement skills, our critical sociotechnical skills, and our cognitive, information, and social-emotional skills; and progressing our culturally competent collective leadership through social justice storytelling within a framing of reciprocity. In so doing, this textbook seeks to address the call placed by the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. – to rapidly shift from a ‘thing-oriented’ society to a ‘person-oriented’ society.
YouTube Videos on Nutrition and Dental Caries: Content Analysis
Authors: Long Memphis , Forbes Laura E , Papagerakis Petros , Lieffers Jessica R L
Published: August 2023

Background

Dental caries is the most common health condition worldwide, and nutrition and dental caries have a strong interconnected relationship. Foods and eating behaviors can be both harmful (eg, sugar) and healthful (eg, meal spacing) for dental caries. YouTube is a popular source for the public to access information. To date, there is no information available on the nutrition and dental caries content of easily accessible YouTube videos.

Objective

This study aimed to analyze the content of YouTube videos on nutrition and dental caries.

Methods

In total, 6 YouTube searches were conducted using keywords related to nutrition and dental caries. The first 20 videos were selected from each search. Video content was scored (17 possible points; higher scores were associated with more topics covered) by 2 individuals based on the inclusion of information regarding various foods and eating behaviors that impact dental caries risk. For each video, information on video characteristics (ie, view count, length, number of likes, number of dislikes, and video age) was captured. Videos were divided into 2 groups by view rate (views/day); differences in scores and types of nutrition messages between groups were determined using nonparametric statistics.

Results

In total, 42 videos were included. Most videos were posted by or featured oral health professionals (24/42, 57%). The mean score was 4.9 (SD 3.4) out of 17 points. Videos with >30 views/day (high view rate; 20/42, 48% videos) had a trend toward a lower score (mean 4.0, SD 3.7) than videos with ≤30 views/day (low view rate; 22/42, 52%; mean 5.8, SD 3.0; P=.06), but this result was not statistically significant. Sugar was the most consistently mentioned topic in the videos (31/42, 74%). No other topics were mentioned in more than 50% of videos. Low–view rate videos were more likely to mention messaging on acidic foods and beverages (P=.04), water (P=.09), and frequency of sugar intake (P=.047) than high–view rate videos.

Conclusions

Overall, the analyzed videos had low scores for nutritional and dental caries content. This study provides insights into the messaging available on nutrition and dental caries for the public and guidance on how to make improvements in this area.
Diagnostic Value of a Wearable Continuous Electrocardiogram Monitoring Device (AT-Patch) for New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in High-Risk Patients: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kwun Ju-Seung , Lee Jang Hoon , Park Bo Eun , Park Jong Sung , Kim Hyeon Jeong , Kim Sun-Hwa , Jeon Ki-Hyun , Cho Hyoung-won , Kang Si-Hyuck , Lee Wonjae , Youn Tae-Jin , Chae In-Ho , Yoon Chang-Hwan
Published: August 2023

Background

While conventional electrocardiogram monitoring devices are useful for detecting atrial fibrillation, they have considerable drawbacks, including a short monitoring duration and invasive device implantation. The use of patch-type devices circumvents these drawbacks and has shown comparable diagnostic capability for the early detection of atrial fibrillation.

Objective

We aimed to determine whether a patch-type device (AT-Patch) applied to patients with a high risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation defined by the congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, sex scale (CHA2DS2-VASc) score had increased detection rates.

Methods

In this nonrandomized multicenter prospective cohort study, we enrolled 320 adults aged ≥19 years who had never experienced atrial fibrillation and whose CHA2DS2-VASc score was ≥2. The AT-Patch was attached to each individual for 11 days, and the data were analyzed for arrhythmic events by 2 independent cardiologists.

Results

Atrial fibrillation was detected by the AT-Patch in 3.4% (11/320) of patients, as diagnosed by both cardiologists. Interestingly, when participants with or without atrial fibrillation were compared, a previous history of heart failure was significantly more common in the atrial fibrillation group (n=4/11, 36.4% vs n=16/309, 5.2%, respectively; P=.003). When a CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥4 was combined with previous heart failure, the detection rate was significantly increased to 24.4%. Comparison of the recorded electrocardiogram data revealed that supraventricular and ventricular ectopic rhythms were significantly more frequent in the new-onset atrial fibrillation group compared with nonatrial fibrillation group (3.4% vs 0.4%; P=.001 and 5.2% vs 1.2%; P<.001), respectively.

Conclusions

This study detected a moderate number of new-onset atrial fibrillations in high-risk patients using the AT-Patch device. Further studies will aim to investigate the value of early detection of atrial fibrillation, particularly in patients with heart failure as a means of reducing adverse clinical outcomes of atrial fibrillation.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04857268; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04857268
Patient and Public Acceptance of Digital Technologies in Health Care: Protocol for a Discrete Choice Experiment (Preprint)
Authors: Fischer Ann-Kathrin , Mühlbacher Axel C
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Strokes pose a particular challenge to the health care system. Although stroke-related mortality has declined in recent decades, the absolute number of new strokes (incidence), stroke deaths, and survivors of stroke has increased. With the increasing need of neurorehabilitation and the decreasing number of professionals, innovations are needed to ensure adequate care. Digital technologies are increasingly used to meet patients’ unfilled needs during their patient journey. Patients must adhere to unfamiliar digital technologies to engage in health interventions. Therefore, the acceptance of the benefits and burdens of digital technologies in health interventions is a key factor in implementing these innovations.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to describe the development of a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to weigh criteria that impact patient and public acceptance. Secondary study objectives are a benefit-burden assessment (estimation of the maximum acceptable burden of technical features and therapy-related characteristics for the patient or individual, eg, no human contact), overall comparison (assessment of the relative importance of attributes for comparing digital technologies), and adherence (identification of key attributes that influence patient adherence). The exploratory objectives include heterogeneity assessment and subgroup analysis. The methodological aims are to investigate the use of DCE.

METHODS

To obtain information on the criteria impacting acceptance, a DCE will be conducted including 7 attributes based on formative qualitative research. Patients with stroke (experimental group) and the general population (control group) are surveyed. The final instrument includes 6 best-best choice tasks in partial design. The experimental design is a fractional-factorial efficient Bayesian design (D-error). A conditional logit regression model and mixed logistic regression models will be used for analysis. To consider the heterogeneity of subgroups, a latent class analysis and an analysis of heteroscedasticity will be performed.

RESULTS

The literature review, qualitative preliminary study, survey development, and pretesting were completed. Data collection and analysis will be completed in the last quarter of 2023.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results will inform decision makers about patients’ and publics’ acceptance of digital technologies used in innovative interventions. The patient preference information will improve decisions regarding the development, adoption, and pricing of innovative interventions. The behavioral changes in the choice of digital intervention alternatives are observable and can therefore be statistically analyzed. They can be translated into preferences, which define the value. This study will investigate the influences on the acceptance of digital interventions and thus support decisions and future research.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/46056
Developing digital learning to help reduce laboratory inequalities: a viral haemorrhagic fever case study (Preprint)
Authors: Knox Matthew Andrew , Bromhead Collette , Anthony Watta , Kamara Varney , Stevens Catherine , Connor-Douglas Fleur , Hayman David T. S.
Published: August 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

Countries with the highest potential exposure to viral haemorrhagic fever viruses are also those with low expenditure on health services, limiting the capacity for surveillance and detection of these viruses, and effective treatment and outbreak containment. The COVID-19 pandemic further limited travel and in-person collaborative training opportunities for researchers, laboratory and public health professionals. Digital learning offers the prospect of addressing some of the shortfall in training needs. Here, we describe the development of laboratory training tools using effective digital learning methods. We describe the teaching methodology, list barriers to successful implementation and offer some potential solutions.