bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advantages of visualisations to evaluate and communicate adverse event information in randomised controlled trials
Authors: Cornelius Victoria , Cro Suzie , Phillips Rachel
Published: December 2020

Background

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) provide valuable information and inform the development of harm profiles of new treatments. Harms are typically assessed through the collection of adverse events (AEs). Despite AEs being routine outcomes collected in trials, analysis and reporting of AEs in journal articles are continually shown to be suboptimal. One key challenge is the large volume of AEs, which can make evaluation and communication problematic. Prominent practice is to report frequency tables of AEs by arm. Visual displays offer an effective solution to assess and communicate complex information; however, they are rarely used and there is a lack of practical guidance on what and how to visually display complex AE data.

Methods

In this article, we demonstrate the use of two plots identified to be beneficial for wide use in RCTs, since both can display multiple AEs and are suitable to display point estimates for binary, count, or time-to-event AE data: the volcano and dot plots. We compare and contrast the use of data visualisations against traditional frequency table reporting, using published AE information in two placebo-controlled trials, of remdesivir for COVID-19 and GDNF for Parkinson disease. We introduce statistical programmes for implementation in Stata.

Results/case study

Visualisations of AEs in the COVID-19 trial communicated a risk profile for remdesivir which differed from the main message in the published authors’ conclusion. In the Parkinson’s disease trial of GDNF, the visualisation provided immediate communication of harm signals, which had otherwise been contained within lengthy descriptive text and tables. Asymmetry in the volcano plot helped flag extreme events that were less obvious from review of the frequency table and dot plot. The dot plot allowed a more comprehensive representation by means of a more detailed summary.

Conclusions

Visualisations can better support investigators to assimilate large volumes of data and enable improved informal between-arm comparisons compared to tables. We endorse increased uptake for use in trial publications. Care in construction of visual displays needs to be taken as there can be potential to overemphasise treatment effects in some circumstances.
Tannic acid-modified silver nanoparticles enhance the anti-Acanthamoeba activity of three multipurpose contact lens solutions without increasing their cytotoxicity
Authors: Hendiger Edyta B. , Padzik Marcin , Żochowska Agnieszka , Baltaza Wanda , Olędzka Gabriela , Zyskowska Diana , Bluszcz Julita , Jarzynka Sylwia , Chomicz Lidia , Grodzik Marta , Hendiger Jacek , Piñero José E. , Grobelny Jarosław , Ranoszek-Soliwoda Katarzyna , Lorenzo-Morales Jacob
Published: December 2020

Background

Free-living amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba are cosmopolitan, widely distributed protozoans that cause a severe, vision-threatening corneal infection known as Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). The majority of the increasing number of AK cases are associated with contact lens use. Appropriate eye hygiene and effective contact lens disinfection are crucial in the prevention of AK because of the lack of effective therapies against it. Currently available multipurpose contact lens disinfection systems are not fully effective against Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts. There is an urgent need to increase the disinfecting activity of these systems to prevent AK infections. Synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) have been recently studied and proposed as a new generation of anti-microbial agents. It is also known that some plant metabolites, including tannins, have anti-parasitic activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-amoebic activity and cytotoxicity of tannic acid-modified silver NPs (AgTANPs) conjugated with selected multipurpose contact lens solutions.

Methods

The anti-amoebic activities of pure contact lens care solutions, and NPs conjugated with contact lens care solutions, were examined in vitro by a colorimetric assay based on the oxido-reduction of alamarBlue. The cytotoxicity assays were performed using a fibroblast HS-5 (ATCC CRL-11882) cell line. The results were statistically analysed by ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls test using P < 0.05 as the level of statistical significance.

Results

We show that the NPs enhance the anti-Acanthamoeba activities of the tested contact lens solutions without increasing their cytotoxicity profiles. The activities are enhanced within the minimal disinfection time recommended by the manufacturers.

Conclusions

The conjugation of the selected contact lens solutions with AgTANPs might be a novel and promising approach for the prevention of AK infections among contact lens users.

Graphical Abstract
Is guanxi unfair? Market reform and the public attitude toward guanxi in urban China
Authors: Tian Felicia F.
Published: December 2020

Guanxi is a fundamental, but controversial, feature of Chinese society. This article examines public attitudes about the fairness of guanxi and how Chinese market reform is affecting these attitudes. The reciprocity-laden and tie-sensitive nature of guanxi conflicts with the efficiency-oriented goal of a market economy. Disapproval of guanxi is thus increasing as marketization progresses. Results from the 2008 Chinese General Social Survey show that guanxi is more likely to be viewed as unfair in places with higher levels of marketization. The educational gradient decreases with marketization, and change is more pronounced among people working in the market sector than it is among people working in the state sector. My findings suggest that Chinese market reform increases public disapproval of guanxi.
The sociocultural and behavioural characteristics that patients want in psychiatrists: cross-sectional survey of patients’ views
Authors: Laugharne Richard , Priebe Stefan , Chevalier Agnes , Paton Catherine , Sharma Rajaei K. , O'Kelly Allison , Richards Giles
Published: December 2020

Aims and method

There appears to be no research to date investigating patients’ preferences for sociocultural characteristics or behavioural qualities of psychiatrists. We aimed to assess which are most important to patients. Patients (132) in community mental health teams across two sites (East Cornwall, East London) completed a questionnaire ranking the importance of different sociocultural characteristics and behaviours of psychiatrists.

Results

Patients cared more about age and gender than other characteristics. Four preferences (from a choice of ten) regarding behavioural qualities were clearly identified as important: explaining things clearly, dedication to personal treatment, being friendly and polite, and being up to date with medical knowledge.

Clinical implications

Patients are fairly unconcerned about the age, gender, religion and social background of psychiatrists. Characteristics they care about most include communication skills, competence, dedication to personal treatment and friendliness. Explaining things clearly is particularly important. This indicates specific areas of improvement for training and further research.
Electronic Medical Record–Assisted Telephone Follow-Up of Breast Cancer Survivors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Institution Experience
Authors: Merz Valeria , Ferro Antonella , Piras Enrico Maria , Zanutto Alberto , Caffo Orazio , Messina Carlo
Published: December 2020

PURPOSE:

The COVID-19 outbreak rapidly became a public health emergency and led to radical changes in patient management. From the start of the pandemic, we used electronic medical record–assisted telephone follow-up (E-TFU) of cancer survivors (CS) to minimize hospital exposure. The aim of this prospective study was to assess how breast cancer survivors (bCSs) perceived E-TFU.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A 15-item survey was e-mailed to bCSs who had been managed with E-TFU. The responses were measured using Likert-like scales and were correlated with the main characteristics of the bCS using Pearson's test.

RESULTS:

One hundred thirty-seven of 343 bCSs (40%) completed the survey between March 9 and June 2, 2020. Their median age was 59 years. Although 80.3% of bCSs were satisfied with E-TFU, only 43.8% would like to have E-TFU in the future. A low educational level was correlated with higher COVID-19–related anxiety ( P = .025). An older age ( P = .002) and a low educational level ( P < .0001) were correlated with the need to be accompanied to reach the hospital. A personal history of second cancer was inversely correlated with understanding medical advice ( P = .015) and the expectation of feeling relief after a follow-up visit ( P = .0027). Furthermore, pandemic phase II was correlated with satisfaction with E-TFU ( P = .010).

CONCLUSION:

E-TFU was an important means of avoiding hospital contacts during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the majority of bCSs in the survey were satisfied with this procedure. Further studies are needed to investigate the implementation of telemedicine even outside an emergency situation.
No feedback is possible in a small-scale turbulent magnetic field
Authors: Zybin K. P. , Il'yn A. S. , Kopyev A. V. , Sirota V. A.
Published: December 2020

Evolution of a stochastically homogeneous magnetic field advected by an incompressible turbulent flow with large magnetic Prandtl numbers is considered at scales smaller than the Kolmogorov viscous scale. It is shown that, despite the unlimited growth of the magnetic field, its feedback on the fluid's dynamics remains negligibly small.
Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells: physiology, tissue homeostasis and disease
Authors: Noguchi Masafumi , Furukawa Kana T. , Morimoto Mitsuru
Published: December 2020

Mammalian lungs have the ability to recognize external environments by sensing different compounds in inhaled air. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) are rare, multi-functional epithelial cells currently garnering attention as intrapulmonary sensors; PNECs can detect hypoxic conditions through chemoreception. Because PNEC overactivation has been reported in patients suffering from respiratory diseases – such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and other congenital diseases – an improved understanding of the fundamental characteristics of PNECs is becoming crucial in pulmonary biology and pathology. During the past decade, murine genetics and disease models revealed the involvement of PNECs in lung ventilation dynamics, mechanosensing and the type 2 immune responses. Single-cell RNA sequencing further unveiled heterogeneous gene expression profiles in the PNEC population and revealed that a small number of PNECs undergo reprogramming during regeneration. Aberrant large clusters of PNECs have been observed in neuroendocrine tumors, including small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Modern innovation of imaging analyses has enabled the discovery of dynamic migratory behaviors of PNECs during airway development, perhaps relating to SCLC malignancy. This Review summarizes the findings from research on PNECs, along with novel knowledge about their function. In addition, it thoroughly addresses the relevant questions concerning the molecular pathology of pulmonary diseases and related therapeutic approaches.
Αποκωδικοποιώντας την υλοποίηση της διαφοροποιημένης διδασκαλίας
Authors: Παντελιάδου Σουζάνα , Παπά Μιχαέλα-Δέσποινα , Σανδραβέλης Άγγελος
Published: December 2020

Σκοπός της έρευνας ήταν η καταγραφή υλοποίησης της διαφοροποιημένης διδασκαλίας σε ένα δημοτικό σχολείο, έπειτα από συμμετοχή των εκπαιδευτικών σε επιμόρφωση και υποστήριξη. Για τη συλλογή των δεδομένων πραγματοποιήθηκε συστηματική παρατήρηση 22 εκπαιδευτικών πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης. Οι οκτώ από αυτούς δίδασκαν στην Α’, Β’ και Γ’ τάξη δημοτικού, οι επτά στη Δ’, Ε’ και ΣΤ’ δημοτικού και οι επτά ήταν εκπαιδευτικοί ξένων γλωσσών. Για τη συλλογή των δεδομένων αξιοποιήθηκε προσαρμογή του πρωτόκολλου των Cassady, Speirs Neumeister, Adams, Cross, Dixon, & Pierce (2004). Η ανάλυση των δεδομένων ανέδειξε ότι οι εκπαιδευτικοί προτιμούν συγκεκριμένους τρόπους και περιοχές διαφοροποίησης, ενώ δυσκολεύονται περισσότερο σε διαφοροποιήσεις που αφορούν το περιεχόμενο της διδασκαλίας, καθώς και την αξιολόγηση της μάθησης. Ειδικότερα, οι εκπαιδευτικοί φαίνεται να επιλέγουν τη διαφοροποίηση του τρόπου επεξεργασίας από τους μαθητές, αξιοποιώντας όλες τις διαστάσεις της ταυτότητας του μαθητή, και να εφαρμόζουν διαφορετικούς τρόπους ομαδοποίησης. Όσον αφορά τα υλικά που αξιοποιούν για τη διδασκαλία, αυτά ποικίλλουν ενώ οι εκπαιδευτικοί αξιοποιούν κυρίως τη διάλεξη με συζήτηση, τη χρήση ερωτήσεων και την αλληλεπίδραση με τους μαθητές σε ατομικό και ομαδικό επίπεδο. Από την ανάλυση των δεδομένων αναδείχθηκε, επίσης, ότι οι εκπαιδευτικοί είναι πιθανόν να επιλέγουν διαφορετικούς τρόπους διαφοροποίησης ανάλογα με την ηλικία των παιδιών που διδάσκουν, επιλέγοντας πιο διευρυμένες διαφοροποιήσεις στις μεγαλύτερες τάξεις του δημοτικού.
Διδακτορική διατριβή: Η επίδραση της διαφοροποιημένης διδασκαλίας στη μαθησιακή επίδοση των παιδιών νηπιαγωγείου
Authors: Μαβίδου Αναστασία
Published: December 2020

Η Διαφοροποιημένη Διδασκαλία (ΔΔ) προσφέρει ένα πλαίσιο αξιοποίησης της διαφορετικότητας των παιδιών, με σκοπό τη μεγιστοποίηση της μάθησης. Η παρούσα διατριβή εστίασε στη σχέση της ΔΔ με την επίδοση των νηπίων στο πλαίσιο της διαθεματικότητας. Εφαρμόστηκε ημι-πειραματική έρευνα με 80 παιδιά στην πειραματική ομάδα και 74 στην ομάδα ελέγχου. Τα δεδομένα συλλέχθηκαν με ατομικές συνεντεύξεις προ- και μετά-ελέγχου και αναλύθηκαν με στατιστικά τεστ και Ανάλυση Περιεχομένου. Για τη διασφάλιση της πιστότητας των διαφοροποιημένων παρεμβάσεων, αναπτύχθηκε ένα πρόγραμμα Επαγγελματικής Ανάπτυξης των νηπιαγωγών της πειραματικής ομάδας. Από τα αποτελέσματα φάνηκε ότι η ΔΔ ήταν πιο αποτελεσματική στην επίτευξη υψηλότερης επίδοσης σε σύγκριση με τη διδασκαλία προς το μέσο επίπεδο, αλλά και ο αντισταθμιστικός της ρόλος μεταξύ διαφορετικών ομάδων παιδιών. Συνεπώς, τα επιμέρους στοιχεία της ΔΔ (π.χ. ελευθερία επιλογής, εργασία σε ομάδες, αυτενέργεια) προώθησαν την αυξημένη εμπλοκή των παιδιών στη διαδικασία της μάθησης, οδηγώντας σε καλύτερα μαθησιακά αποτελέσματα.
Predicting the chances of live birth for couples undergoing IVF-ICSI: a novel instrument to advise patients and physicians before treatment
Authors: Estácio da Veiga Bruna , Brás de Guimarães Beatriz , Tavares Duarte Pedro , Metello José Luis , Ferreira Fernando , Ferreira Pedro , Fonseca José Manuel
Published: December 2020

Background: The prevalence of infertility ranges from 3.5% to 16.7% in more developed countries. For this reason, the number of In Vitro Fertilization(IVF)  technique and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) treatments has been significantly increasing. Several factors affect the success rate of in vitro treatments, which can be used to calculate the probability of success for each couple. As these treatments are complicated, expensive and with a variable probability of success, the most common question asked by IVF patients is “What are my chances of conceiving before starting an IVF/ICSI treatment?”.

The main aim of this study is to develop a validated model that estimates the chance of a live birth before the start of an IVF/ICSI non-donor cycle.

Methods: A logistic regression model was developed based on the retrospective study of 737 IVF/ICSI cycles. Overall 14 pre-treatment variables were evaluated (woman’s and man’s age, duration of infertility, cause of infertility, woman’s and man’s Body Mass Index (BMI), Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), Antral Follicle Count (AFC), woman’s and man’s ethnicity, woman’s and man’s smoking status and woman’s and man’s previous live children) and the outcome of the treatment was discriminated as "live birth" or "no live birth".

Results: From the 14 variables acquired before starting the IVF/ICSI procedures, only male factor, man’s BMI, man's mixed ethnicity and level of AMH were statistically significant. The interactions between infertility duration and woman’s age, infertility duration and man’s BMI, AFC and AMH, AFC and woman’s age, AFC and woman’s BMI, and AFC and disovulation were also statistically significant. The Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) curve test for the discriminatory ability of the final prediction model was 0.700 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.660–0.741).

Conclusions: This model might result in a new validated decision support system to help physicians to manage couples’ pre-treatment expectations.
Cancer T-cell therapy: building the foundation for a cure
Authors: Kamb Alexander , Go William Y.
Published: December 2020

T-cell cancer therapy is a clinical field flush with opportunity.  It is part of the revolution in immuno-oncology, most apparent in the dramatic clinical success of PD-1/CTLA-4 antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-Ts) to cure certain melanomas and lymphomas, respectively.  Therapeutics based on T cells ultimately hold more promise because of their capacity to carry out complex behaviors and their ease of modification via genetic engineering.  But to overcome the substantial obstacles of effective solid-tumor treatment, T-cell therapy must access novel molecular targets or exploit existing ones in new ways.  As always, tumor selectivity is the key. T-cell therapy has the potential to address target opportunities afforded by its own unique capacity for signal integration and high sensitivity.  With a history of breathtaking innovation, the scientific foundation for the cellular modality has often been bypassed in favor of rapid advance in the clinic.  This situation is changing, as the mechanistic basis for activity of CAR-Ts and TCR-Ts is backfilled by painstaking, systematic experiments—harking back to last century’s evolution and maturation of the small-molecule drug discovery field.   We believe this trend must continue for T-cell therapy to reach its enormous potential.  We support an approach that integrates sound reductionist scientific principles with well-informed, thorough preclinical and translational clinical experiments.
Self-reported disability in rural Malawi: prevalence, incidence, and relationship to chronic conditions
Authors: Prynn Josephine E. , Dube Albert , Mwaiyeghele Elenaus , Mwiba Oddie , Geis Steffen , Koole Olivier , Nyirenda Moffat , Kuper Hannah , Crampin Amelia C.
Published: December 2020

Background: Disability is a complex concept involving physical impairment, activity limitation, and participation restriction. The Washington Group developed a set of questions on six functional domains (seeing, hearing, walking, remembering, self-care, and communicating) to allow collection of comparable data on disability. We aimed to improve understanding of prevalence and correlates of disability in this low-income setting in Malawi.

Methods: This study is nested in the Karonga Health and Demographic Surveillance Site in Malawi; the Washington Group questions were added to the annual survey in 2014. We used cross-sectional data from the 2014 survey to estimate the current prevalence of disability and examine associations of disability with certain chronic conditions. We then reviewed the incidence and resolution of disability over time using panel data from the 2015 survey.

Results: Of 10,863 participants, 9.6% (95% CI 9.0-10.1%) reported disability in at least one domain. Prevalence was higher among women and increased with age. Diabetes and obesity were associated with disability among women, and diabetes was also associated with disability among men. Neither hypertension nor HIV were associated with disability. Participants reporting “no difficulty” or “can’t do at all” for any domain were likely to report the same status one year later, whereas there was considerable movement between people describing “some difficulty” and “a lot of difficulty”.

Conclusions: Disability prevalence is high and likely to increase over time. Further research into the situation of this population is crucial to ensure inclusive policies are created and sustainable development goals are met.
PECULIARITIES OF APPLICATION OF STATE-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN ENERGY
Authors: Pobedonostseva Veronika , Pobedonostseva Galina
Published: December 2020

At the article the main forms of interaction between the state and business in applying the experience of public-private partnership in Russia and abroad are elucidated. The decision of a problem on realization of the project of a heat supply in one of cities of Murmansk region is considered. The issue of a mechanism for financing large-scale projects using project financing on the basis of public-private partnership in world practice is elucidated. Conclusions about the expediently of applying public-private partnership as a mechanism for interaction between business and the state are drawn.
СОЗДАНИЕ БАЗЫ ДАННЫХ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ТЕХНИКИ
Authors: Pavlova Anna Illarionova , Tikhonovsky Vitaly Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

Разработана база данных сельскохозяйственной техники. Выполненный аналитический обзор современных систем управления базами данных (СУБД) показал, что доступной в использовании, легко внедряемой в различные программные решения является СУБД SQLite. В реляционной базе данных созданы сущности: земельные участки, сельскохозяйственные машины, агрегаты. С использованием СУБД SQLite были созданы таблицы, отражающие тяглово-сцепные свойства современных зарубежных и отечественных тракторов и агрегатов. Сущность земельные участки описана набором геометрических и атрибутивных свойств, отражающих пространственные (площадь, периметр) и также технологические свойства земельных участков. К таким свойствам отнесены: длина гона участка, балл энергоемкости почв, удельное сопротивление почв, каменистость почв, угол наклона рельефа, коэффициент наклона рельефа, внутрихозяйственная удаленность, коэффициент группы дорог, коэффициент наклона рельефа по маршруту следования. Практическая реализация выполнена на примере хозяйства Мирный Коченевского района Новосибирской области с использованием геоинформационной системы ArcGIS 10.6. Разработанная база данных позволяет осуществлять выбор сельскохозяйственной техники и может быть использована для сравнительного анализа подбора разных вариантов машинно-тракторных агрегатов с учетом технологических свойств земельных участков.Цель: разработка базы данных для подбора сельскохозяйственной техники с учетом технологических свойств земельных участков.Методы работы: методы проектирования баз данных.Результаты: разработана база данных сельскохозяйственной техники с помощью SQLite, содержащая таблицы сельскохозяйственной техники (тракторов и агрегатов) и земельные участки. Информация о земельных участках структурирована в пространственной базе геоданных ArcGIS 10 и включает сведения о площади, типе использования, а также технологических свойствах, связанные с тяглово-сцепными свойствами тракторов.Область применения результатов: разработанная база данных сельскохозяйственной техники позволит в дальнейшем осуществлять расчет временных затрат при обработке почвы на конкретном земельном участке.
ПРОГРАММНЫЙ МОДУЛЬ ПОДДЕРЖКИ ПРИНЯТИЯ РЕШЕНИЙ ПРИ ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОГО ПОРТФЕЛЯ
Authors: Tyulpinova Nina Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

В современных условиях проблема повышения обоснованности инвестиций имеет исключительно важное значение для развития экономики предприятий, поскольку ошибочные инвестиционные решения относительно вложения средств в недостаточно эффективные проекты могут повлечь за собой существенные убытки вплоть до разорения предприятий. Невозможно оценить рентабельность того или иного инвестиционного портфеля, основываясь лишь на личном опыте и интуиции, – необходимо расчетное моделирование инвестиционного процесса, требующее значительного объема вычислений. Однако, несмотря на то, что методология такого моделирования на концептуальном уровне опубликована и изложена достаточно подробно, отсутствие конкретных алгоритмических рекомендаций относительно программной реализации её вычислительной схемы препятствуют широкому её внедрению в инвестиционную практику. В этой связи актуальной является разработка специализированного алгоритмического и программного обеспечения, предоставляющего инвестору гибкий инструмент принятия обоснованных решений.Цель – повышение обоснованности принятия решений при формировании портфеля инвестиционных проектов.Метод или методология проведения работы: динамическое программирование.Результаты: программно-алгоритмический инструментарий поддержки принятия решений при формировании инвестиционного портфеля.Область применения результатов: менеджмент (инвестиционный, инновационный, финансовый, стратегический, антикризисный, риск-менеджмент).
ГРУППИРОВКА ФАКТОРОВ, ВЛИЯЮЩИХ НА ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ КРЕДИТНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ И БИЗНЕСА В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ
Authors: Generalnitskaia Elena Igorevna
Published: December 2020

Состояние вопроса: Экономическая наука насчитывает большое число трудов, посвященных изучению факторов, оказывающих влияние на кредитные организации и предпринимательские структуры. Однако в условиях цифровой экономики назрела необходимость по уточнению теоретической базы, учитывающей ее особенности. Помимо этого, необходимо разработать группировку факторов, оказывающих влияние на изменение экономических отношений кредитных организаций и предпринимательских структур.Методы исследования: системные, структурные и сравнительные методы анализа, методы научной абстракции, метод группировки.Результаты исследования: в рамках данной статьи сделана группировка факторов, оказывающих влияние на экономические отношения предпринимательских структур и кредитных организаций в условиях цифровой экономики. Внешние факторы поделены на объективные и субъективные. Внутренние факторы – на совместные и специфические.Обсуждение: предложенная группировка учитывает как специфику экономических отношений, так и цифровую реальность при этом во многом опирается на существующую теоретическую базу. Факторы представлены в качестве многоуровневого списка для более глубокой детализации группировки. Заключение: группировка внутренних и внешних факторов, обусловивших изменение экономических отношений кредитных организаций и предпринимательских структур в условиях цифровой экономики может быть востребована при поиске решений для повышения цифровизации экономики Российской Федерации. Поскольку цифровизация банковского сектора протекает более быстрыми темпами, чем предпринимательских структур, возможно построение инклюзивной модели, в которой банковский сектор взял бы на себя ведущую роль интеграции предпринимательских структур в цифровую среду.
АНАЛИЗ ПРОБЛЕМ «МУСОРНОЙ» РЕФОРМЫ И ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ-ПОДРЯДЧИКОВ В АСПЕКТЕ ЭКОЛОГО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ
Authors: Belik Irina Stepanovna , Nikulina Natalia Leonidovna , Alikberova Tamila Tagirovna , Lyutseva Alena Evgenievna
Published: December 2020

Проблема загрязнения окружающей среды в современном мире проявляется как одна из центральных в системе «общество-природа». Частью этой проблемы и одновременно попыткой ее решения является проводимая в настоящее время «мусорная» реформа. В статье анализируются проблемы, связанные c такими аспектами «мусорной» реформы, как дуальная система сортировки мусора, транспортировка «разделенного мусора» специализированной техникой, обеспеченность организаций-подрядчиков необходимыми ресурсами, акцентируется внимание на вопросах доступности и стоимости авансируемого капитала на цели модернизации транспортных средств.Целью исследования является анализ соответствия проводимой «мусорной» реформы требованиям и критериям эколого-экономической безопасности.В исследовании, с точки зрения эколого-экономических критериев, была поставлена задача оценки готовности предприятий, занятых в сфере транспортировки мусора, и определение потенциальных экономических угроз в период их реформирования.Методы и методология: анализ научной и нормативно-правовой литературы, методы теоретических и эмпирических исследований, экономический и финансовый анализ, данные статистики.Результат анализа. Предложен авторский подход к оценке проводимых мер на основе критериев эколого-экономической безопасности, выделенных с точки зрения ключевых элементов механизма управления эколого-экономической безопасностью.Область применения результатов. Сфера транспортировки (организации-поставщики и подрядчики), несмотря на ограниченность финансовых средств, имеет ресурсный потенциал, вариативность в выборе схем и источников финансирования, что существенно снижает экономические риски проведения реформы.
Development of Methodological Support for Specialized Training in Chemistry in High School
Authors: Volkova S.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the didactic aspects of the formation of functional literacy of students in the process of teaching chemistry. The article reflects the concept of semantic reading in chemistry, the content of which is considered in the context of functional literacy. The article draws attention to the fact that the majority of schoolchildren experience serious difficulties with the literacy of reading chemical texts and the use of what they read in practice and in life. The structural components of task development are revealed: the context, the chemical content of the task and mental activity. Examples of tasks that reveal the quality of understanding the text, as well as methodological approaches to the formation of functional literacy of students in the process of teaching chemistry at a profile level are given.
CASE PEDAGOGY IN MODERN LANGUAGE TEACHER EDUCATION: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY
Authors: Jiménez Raya Manuel
Published: December 2020

Discourses advocating autonomy pervade current language research and policies but teaching practices are often alien to these. This mismatch is reinforced when teacher education represents a disempowering space where student teachers are expected to assimilate and apply academic knowledge, rather than inquire into and explore their own practices. In this paper I analyse the uses of case pedagogy in teacher education for autonomy and argue that case pedagogy can fulfil this purpose. If teacher education is to promote educational change towards autonomy, it needs to focus on the professional experience of teachers and involve them directly in the reconstruction of educational knowledge and practice. As teachers analyse and develop inquiry-oriented teaching cases focused on pedagogy for autonomy, they have the opportunity to enhance their own autonomy by developing a critical view of education, facing constraints and opening up spaces for manoeuvre.
„Sąsiedzi Europy i europejscy sąsiedzi ”? Polityka rozszerzenia UE i Europejska Polityka Sąsiedztwa w debatach Sejmu 2004-2014
Authors: Góra Magdalena
Published: December 2020

“Europe’s neighbours and European neighbours”? EU enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy in Sejm’s debates 2004-2014 Main aim of this article is an analysis of discursive legitimising practices of selected EU policies. The study focuses on the Sejm’s debates in which the issue of EU Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy with special focus on Eastern Partnership (since 2008) were discussed between 2004 and 2014. The analysis answers the question which aspects of these policies are the most controversial today and why. How political actors perceive the future of the policies? Typical arguments used in debates concentrate on security, economic costs and benefits and the impact on the European integration. However in presented study special attention is paid to cultural, religious and identitarian arguments used by political actors.
646. Memoria, Migración y Acción colectiva: Luchas migrantes en Barcelona
Authors: Álvarez Martínez-Conde Catalina , Montenegro Martínez Marisela
Published: December 2020

La memoria de la lucha por los derechos de las personas inmigradas es un campo productivo para repensar los sistemas de significación de la acción política y el ejercicio de derechos para sujetos que han sido excluidos del espacio público. En este artículo se dialoga, por medio de la técnica de Producciones Narrativas, con las memorias que construyen protagonistas de estas acciones colectivas en Barcelona entre 2000 y 2017. Los ejes de discusión exploran la forma en que estas memorias afectan los marcos de reconocimiento y pertenencia a una comunidad como espacio garante de derechos, donde mediante el recuerdo se establecen matrices de inteligibilidad que constituyen sujetos colectivos con agencia, planteando diferentes estrategias y articulaciones que resisten a la precariedad.
650. El paradigma de lo común y la gestión de la energía en España: oportunidades para la convergencia entre diferentes
Authors: Atutxa Ordeñana Ekhi , Zubero Beascoechea Imanol , Calvo-Sotomayor Iñigo
Published: December 2020

En la búsqueda de alternativas del modelo energético actual, capaces de impulsar la transición ecológica y social, el renovado paradigma de lo común y su cristalización en el ámbito energético español parece abrir la puerta a una posibilidad real de convergencia entre practicas heterogéneas y dispares. Mediante la identificación y análisis cualitativo de prácticas locales (auto)transformativas que, de manera democrática y cooperativa, promueven una transición ecosocial en el ámbito de la energía, este artículo muestra el potencial transversalizador del paradigma de lo común. Además, evidencia cómo lo común posibilita el reconocimiento mutuo de prácticas heterogéneas que, desde la acción colectiva local, comparten un mismo horizonte en respuesta a problemáticas que adquieren una dimensión global.
Ultrathin arrayed camera for high-contrast near-infrared imaging
Authors: Kim Kisoo , Jang Kyung-Won , Bae Sang-In , Kim Hyun-Kyung , Cha Younggil , Ryu Jae-Kwan , Jo Yong-Jin , Jeong Ki-Hun
Published: December 2020

We report an ultrathin arrayed camera (UAC) for high-contrast near infrared (NIR) imaging by using microlens arrays with a multilayered light absorber. The UAC consists of a multilayered composite light absorber, inverted microlenses, gap-alumina spacers and a planar CMOS image sensor. The multilayered light absorber was fabricated through lift-off and repeated photolithography processes. The experimental results demonstrate that the image contrast is increased by 4.48 times and the MTF 50 is increased by 2.03 times by eliminating optical noise between microlenses through the light absorber. The NIR imaging of UAC successfully allows distinguishing the security strip of authentic bill and the blood vessel of finger. The ultrathin camera offers a new route for diverse applications in biometric, surveillance, and biomedical imaging.
Quantum-randomized polarization of laser pulses derived from zero-point diamond motion
Authors: Little Douglas J. , Kitzler Ondrej , Abedi Seyed , Alias Akael , Gilchrist Alexei , Mildren Richard P.
Published: December 2020

Intrinsic randomness in quantum systems is a vital resource for cryptography and other quantum information protocols. To date, randomizing macroscopic polarization states requires randomness from an external source, which is then used to modulate the polarization e.g. for quantum key-distribution protocols. Here, we present a Raman-based device for directly generating laser pulses with quantum-randomized polarizations. We show that crystals of diamond lattice symmetry provide a unique operating point for which the Raman gain is isotropic, so that the spontaneous symmetry breaking initiated by the quantum-random zero-point motion determines the output polarization. Experimentally measured polarizations are demonstrated to be consistent with an independent and identical uniform distribution with an estimated quantum entropy rate of 3.8 bits/pulse.
Time-bin entangled photon pairs from quantum dots embedded in a self-aligned cavity
Authors: Ginés Laia , Pepe Carlo , Gonzales Junior , Gregersen Niels , Höfling Sven , Schneider Christian , Predojević Ana
Published: December 2020

We introduce a scalable photonic platform that enables efficient generation of entangled photon pairs from a semiconductor quantum dot. Our system, which is based on a self-aligned quantum dot- micro-cavity structure, erases the need for complex steps of lithography and nanofabrication. We experimentally show collection efficiency of 0.17 combined with a Purcell enhancement of up to 1.7. We harness the potential of our device to generate photon pairs entangled in time bin, reaching a fidelity of 0.84(5) with the maximally entangled state. The achieved pair collection efficiency is 4 times larger than the state-of-the art for this application. The device, which theoretically supports pair extraction efficiencies of nearly 0.5 is a promising candidate for the implementation of bright sources of time-bin, polarization- and hyper entangled photon pairs in a straightforward manner.
Coherently enhanced microwave pulses from midinfrared-driven laser plasmas
Authors: Mitrofanov A. V. , Sidorov-Biryukov D. A. , Nazarov M. M. , Voronin A. A. , Rozhko M. V. , Fedotov A. B. , Zheltikov A. M.
Published: December 2020

Ultrafast ionization of a gas medium driven by ultrashort midinfrared laser pulses provides a source of bright ultrabroadband radiation whose spectrum spans across the entire microwave band, reaching for the sub-gigahertz range. We combine multiple, mutually complementary detection techniques to provide an accurate polarization-resolved characterization of this broadband output as a function of the gas pressure. At low gas pressures, the lowest-frequency part of this output is found to exhibit a drastic enhancement as this field builds up its coherence, developing a well-resolved emission cone, dominated by a radial radiation energy flux. This behavior of the intensity, coherence, and polarization of the microwave output is shown to be consistent with Cherenkov-type radiation by ponderomotively driven plasma currents.
Photorefraction-induced Bragg scattering in cryogenic lithium niobate ring resonators
Authors: Xu Yuntao , Sayem Ayed Al , Zou Chang-Ling , Fan Linran , Cheng Risheng , Tang Hong X.
Published: December 2020

We report intracavity Bragg scattering induced by the photorefractive (PR) effect in high-

Q

lithium niobate ring resonators at cryogenic temperatures. We show that when a cavity mode is strongly excited, the PR effect imprints a long-lived periodic space-charge field. This residual field in turn creates a refractive index modulation pattern that dramatically enhances the back scattering of an incoming probe light, and results in selective and reconfigurable mode splittings. This PR-induced Bragg scattering effect, despite being undesired for many applications, could be utilized to enable optically programmable photonic components.
miRNAs may play a major role in the control of gene expression in key pathobiological processes in Chagas disease cardiomyopathy
Authors: Laugier Laurie , Ferreira Ludmila Rodrigues Pinto , Ferreira Frederico Moraes , Cabantous Sandrine , Frade Amanda Farage , Nunes Joao Paulo , Ribeiro Rafael Almeida , Brochet Pauline , Teixeira Priscila Camillo , Santos Ronaldo Honorato Barros , Bocchi Edimar A. , Bacal Fernando , Cândido Darlan da Silva , Maso Vanessa Escolano , Nakaya Helder I. , Kalil Jorge , Cunha-Neto Edecio , Chevillard Christophe
Published: December 2020

Chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy (CCC), an especially aggressive inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy caused by lifelong infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a major cause of cardiomyopathy in Latin America. Although chronic myocarditis may play a major pathogenetic role, little is known about the molecular mechanisms responsible for its severity. The aim of this study is to study the genes and microRNAs expression in tissues and their connections in regards to the pathobiological processes. To do so, we integrated for the first time global microRNA and mRNA expression profiling from myocardial tissue of CCC patients employing pathways and network analyses. We observed an enrichment in biological processes and pathways associated with the immune response and metabolism. IFNγ, TNF and NFkB were the top upstream regulators. The intersections between differentially expressed microRNAs and differentially expressed target mRNAs showed an enrichment in biological processes such as Inflammation, inflammation, Th1/IFN-γ-inducible genes, fibrosis, hypertrophy, and mitochondrial/oxidative stress/antioxidant response. MicroRNAs also played a role in the regulation of gene expression involved in the key cardiomyopathy-related processes fibrosis, hypertrophy, myocarditis and arrhythmia. Significantly, a discrete number of differentially expressed microRNAs targeted a high number of differentially expressed mRNAs (>20) in multiple processes. Our results suggest that miRNAs orchestrate expression of multiple genes in the major pathophysiological processes in CCC heart tissue. This may have a bearing on pathogenesis, biomarkers and therapy.
The relevant resting-state brain activity of ecological microexpression recognition test (EMERT)
Authors: Yin Ming , Zhang Jianxin , Shu Deming , Liu Dianzhi
Published: December 2020

Zhang, et al. (2017) established the ecological microexpression recognition test (EMERT), but it only used white models’ expressions as microexpressions and backgrounds, and there was no research detecting its relevant brain activity. The current study used white, black and yellow models’ expressions as microexpressions and backgrounds to improve the materials ecological validity of EMERT, and it used eyes-closed and eyes-open resting-state fMRI to detect relevant brain activity of EMERT for the first time. The results showed: (1) Two new recapitulative indexes of EMERT were adopted, such as microexpression M and microexpression SD. The participants could effectively identify almost all the microexpressions, and each microexpression type had a significantly background effect. The EMERT had good retest reliability and calibration validity. (2) ALFFs (Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations) in both eyes-closed and eyes-open resting-states and ALFFs-difference could predict microexpression M. The relevant brain areas of microexpression M were some frontal lobes, insula, cingulate cortex, hippocampus, parietal lobe, caudate nucleus, thalamus, amygdala, occipital lobe, fusiform, temporal lobe, cerebellum and vermis. (3) ALFFs in both eyes-closed and eyes-open resting-states and ALFFs-difference could predict microexpression SD, and the ALFFs-difference was more predictive. The relevant brain areas of microexpression SD were some frontal lobes, insula, cingulate cortex, cuneus, amygdala, fusiform, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, precuneus, caudate lobe, putamen lobe, thalamus, temporal lobe, cerebellum and vermis. (4) There were many similarities and some differences in the relevant brain areas between microexpression M and SD. All these brain areas can be trained to enhance ecological microexpression recognition ability.
Key factors of the willingness of rural populations settling in cities (RPSC) from a Lacanian psychoanalysis theory perspective
Authors: Yang Zhiheng , Shen Nengneng , Li Chenxi
Published: December 2020

The migration of populations from rural to urban areas is a typical phenomenon of urbanization in developing countries. Based on Lacanian psychoanalysis theory, this study analyzes the decision-making mechanism of the willingness of rural populations settling in cities (RPSC), and analyzes the key factors that affect the willingness of RPSC by using the binary Logit regression method based on survey data in Changyi, China. The results show that the willingness of RPSC is a realistic choice under the joint action of the ‘mirrored’ incarnation and the ‘non-mirrored’ order. Among the factors, ‘age’, ‘ethnic groups’, ‘educational attainment’, and ‘social intercourse’, representing the ‘mirrored’ incarnation, and ‘communities’ safety gap’, ‘healthcare services policy’, ‘public housing policy’ and ‘employment insurance gap’, representing the ‘non-mirrored’ order, are significant in affecting the willingness of RPSC. These findings validate the adaptability of psychoanalysis to analyze the willingness of RPSC, and increases the understanding of individual willingness and behavioral choice in the context of a specific social background, which can provide decision-making reference for urban and rural planning and public policy makers.
Single position substitution of hairpin pyrrole-imidazole polyamides imparts distinct DNA-binding profiles across the human genome
Authors: Finn Paul B. , Bhimsaria Devesh , Ali Asfa , Eguchi Asuka , Ansari Aseem Z. , Dervan Peter B.
Published: December 2020

Pyrrole–imidazole (Py–Im) polyamides are synthetic molecules that can be rationally designed to target specific DNA sequences to both disrupt and recruit transcriptional machinery. While in vitro binding has been extensively studied, in vivo effects are often difficult to predict using current models of DNA binding. Determining the impact of genomic architecture and the local chromatin landscape on polyamide-DNA sequence specificity remains an unresolved question that impedes their effective deployment in vivo. In this report we identified polyamide–DNA interaction sites across the entire genome, by covalently crosslinking and capturing these events in the nuclei of human LNCaP cells. This technique confirms the ability of two eight ring hairpin-polyamides, with similar architectures but differing at a single ring position (Py to Im), to retain in vitro specificities and display distinct genome-wide binding profiles.
Coronavirus genomes carry the signatures of their habitats
Authors: Wei Yulong , Silke Jordan R. , Aris Parisa , Xia Xuhua
Published: December 2020

Coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 regularly infect host tissues that express antiviral proteins (AVPs) in abundance. Understanding how they evolve to adapt or evade host immune responses is important in the effort to control the spread of infection. Two AVPs that may shape viral genomes are the zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) and the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme-catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3). The former binds to CpG dinucleotides to facilitate the degradation of viral transcripts while the latter frequently deaminates C into U residues which could generate notable viral sequence variations. We tested the hypothesis that both APOBEC3 and ZAP impose selective pressures that shape the genome of an infecting coronavirus. Our investigation considered a comprehensive number of publicly available genomes for seven coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS infectingHomo sapiens, Bovine CoV infectingBos taurus, MHV infectingMus musculus, HEV infectingSus scrofa, and CRCoV infectingCanis lupus familiaris). We show that coronaviruses that regularly infect tissues with abundant AVPs have CpG-deficient and U-rich genomes; whereas those that do not infect tissues with abundant AVPs do not share these sequence hallmarks. Among the coronaviruses surveyed herein, CpG is most deficient in SARS-CoV-2 and a temporal analysis showed a marked increase in C to U mutations over four months of SARS-CoV-2 genome evolution. Furthermore, the preferred motifs in which these C to U mutations occur are the same as those subjected to APOBEC3 editing in HIV-1. These results suggest that both ZAP and APOBEC3 shape the SARS-CoV-2 genome: ZAP imposes a strong CpG avoidance, and APOBEC3 constantly edits C to U. Evolutionary pressures exerted by host immune systems onto viral genomes may motivate novel strategies for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development.