bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of ionic liquids and various carbon materials in reference electrodes with carbon paste‐based transducers
Authors: Kuczak Julia , Woszczyk Wiktoria , Pazik Małgorzata , Li Lee Chuan , Mohd Sahfani Mohd Nor Hafizuddin Bin , Ling Chin Kit , Grabowska‐Jadach Ilona , Toczyłowska‐Mamińska Renata , San H'ng Paik , Górski Łukasz
Published: December 2023

In this article it is proved that carbon pastes with ionic liquids (ILs) are a promising material for transducers of reference electrodes, which favors their miniaturization. Two ILs were used: 1‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (IL1) and 1‐(2‐methoxyethyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (IL2). They acted both as a binder of carbon paste and potential‐determining component. ILs were also used in polymeric membrane of reference electrodes what ensured continuity of IL phase between carbon paste and the polymeric membrane and resulted in enhancement of electrode potential stability. It was shown that application of IL as a carbon paste binder is superior to conventional plasticizer and allows for significant increase of reference electrode potential stability. Different types of carbon materials were also tested during research: commercialy available graphite powder and graphene oxide obtained from waste biomass – palm kernel shells. It was observed that both the type of carbon paste material and IL influences reference electrode work parameters. Utilization of IL with less lipophilic cation resulted in higher potential stability of the reference electrodes. Application of graphite paste‐based transducers resulted in higher potential stability of reference electrodes in sodium perchlorate and TMA chloride solutions while using palm kernel shell graphene oxide paste – based transducers caused enhancement of reference electrode long‐term potential stability. The results indicate biomass‐derived graphene oxide can be successfully applied as a construction material of reference electrode.
Application of palm oil frond activated carbon for biobattery electrodes
Authors: Akbar Muhammad Ilham , Zahirah Natasya , Utomo Yogi Mirza Pangestu , Risnawati Risnawati , Astuti Widi , Rohimsyah Fikan Mubarok , Triana Yunita
Published: December 2023

This study aims to investigate the effect of NaOH concentration and immersion time on the activation of carbon from the oil palm frond, specifically focussing on the surface morphology and characteristics as electrodes for biobattery application. Carbonization and NaOH activation are carried out at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 M at different immersion times of 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 hour. Moreover, the activated carbon was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope to observe the morphology, and the Brunauer–Emett–Teller (method was used to measure the surface area of activated carbon). Furthermore, another outcome of this study is the development of a prototype biobattery. At 1 M, the optimal concentration of NaOH was observed, producing the highest surface area of 336.493 m2g−1 and an electric potential of 0.653 V. On the other hand, the optimal immersion time was 30 hour with the highest surface area of 396 808 m2g−1 and an electric potential of 0.902 V.
Learning losses during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Understanding and addressing increased learning disparities
Authors: Alejo Anna , Jenkins Robert , Yao Haogen
Published: December 2023

A growing body of evidence has revealed the negative effects of COVID‐19‐induced school closures on learning, with the largest losses often observed among the most vulnerable children. Learning disparities widened due to six potential reasons related to marginalized children, who (a) were already behind even before the pandemic, (b) were more likely to experience longer school closures, (c) had limited access to and support on remote learning, (d) were less likely to receive supervision and learning support at home, (e) face greater obstacles to return to school, and (f) return to school systems that are less able to provide for their needs. To ensure all children—especially the most vulnerable—can catch up on missed learning, five urgent actions are needed for a RAPID learning recovery and acceleration: (a) Reach every child and keep them in school, (b) Assess learning levels regularly, (c) Prioritize teaching the fundamentals, (d) Increase the efficiency of instruction, and (e) Develop psychosocial health and wellbeing. Implementation of RAPID actions must be strengthened and supported by enabling systems to address the widening disparities in learning.
The rock mechanical relevance of anisotropy in tunnel design
Authors: Marcher Thomas
Published: December 2023

The assumption of an isotropic material behaviour is still common practice for tunnel design. Strictly speaking, this assumption is only valid if the influence of directional dependencies on the resulting deformations and stresses is marginal. In lithologies that have a high degree of anisotropy, such as shales and phyllites, the orientation characteristics of material properties such as strength and stiffness should be taken into account in order to avoid serious misinterpretations of the bearing capacity and deformation characteristic of the surrounding rock and the tunnel lining. The main focus is to accurately distinguish between the different types and terminology of anisotropy.
Tongue electrical impedance myography correlates with functional, neurophysiologic, and clinical outcome measures in long‐term oropharyngeal cancer survivors with and without hypoglossal neuropathy: An exploratory study
Authors: Hansen Nathan J. , Woodman Karin , Buoy Sheila , Mao Shitong , Barbon Carly E. A. , Lai Stephen Y. , Fuller C. David , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Sanchez Benjamin
Published: December 2023

Background

This pilot study analyzed correlations between tongue electrical impedance myography (EIM), standard tongue electromyography (EMG), and tongue functional measures in N = 4 long‐term oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) survivors.

Methods

Patients were screened for a supportive care trial (NCT04151082). Hypoglossal nerve function was evaluated with genioglossus needle EMG, functional measures with the Iowa oral performance instrument (IOPI), and multi‐frequency tissue composition with tongue EIM.

Results

Tongue EIM conductivity was higher for patients with EMG‐confirmed cranial nerve XII neuropathy than those without (p = 0.005) and in patients with mild versus normal EMG reinnervation ratings (16 kHz EIM: p = 0.051). Tongue EIM correlated with IOPI strength measurements (e.g., anterior maximum isometric lingual strength: r2 = 0.62, p = 0.020).

Conclusions

Tongue EIM measures related to tongue strength and the presence of XII neuropathy. Noninvasive tongue EIM may be a convenient adjunctive biomarker to assess tongue health in OPC survivors.
Relationship between bilirubin and systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yu Yanxia , Wang Qiaoyu , Zhang Dongmei , Wu Weihua , Jiang Zheng
Published: December 2023

Aims

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a high prevalence worldwide. This study aimed to examine the correlation between serum bilirubin levels and SLE.

Methods

The Cochrane library, Embase, PubMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were examined and assessed until March 2023. RevMan 5.3 software was utilized for the analysis of clinical trails.

Results

Five case‐control studies were chosen and incorporated, examining the levels of serum bilirubin in patients with SLE compared to healthy individuals, as well as in active SLE patients versus inactive ones, in different sexes and in SLE patients with or without lupus nephritis (LN). The results of this meta‐analysis demonstrated that serum bilirubin in healthy individuals were obviously increased compared to SLE patients (MD = 4.76; 95% CI, 3.15–6.38, p < .00001). Additionally, inactive SLE patients had higher levels of bilirubin than active SLE patients (MD = 3.15; 95% CI, 0.46–5.84, p = .02), and SLE patients without lupus nephritis had higher levels of serum bilirubin than those with lupus nephritis (MD = 4.91;95% CI, 2.87–6.95, p < .00001). Nevertheless, there were no disparities observed among SLE patients of varying sexes (MD = 0.34; 95% CI, −0.01 to 0.69, p = .06).

Conclusion

The concentration of serum bilirubin may potentially be used as an indicator for estimating the advancement of SLE and reflecting the presence of kidney complications in individuals with SLE. Furthermore, more high quality studies were needed to identify these findings.
Trade war fallout: Exploring the altered landscape of US wooden furniture imports
Authors: Jiang Bowen , Muhammad Andrew
Published: December 2023

We examined the effects of the trade war on US wooden furniture imports by product category (kitchen, bedroom, other) and exporting source (e.g., China, European Union, Vietnam) using a two‐stage demand procedure and general nested demand framework. There were significant competitive relationships across exporting countries. However, when both trade creation and diversion were considered, competitive relationships either diminished or became complementary. Consequently, elimination of the trade‐war tariffs would increase imports from China but would also benefit countries like Vietnam. However, results indicate that imports from China would still be significantly less than pretrade war levels if the tariffs are eliminated.
A short history of the phosphorus index and Andrew Sharpley's contributions from inception through development and implementation
Authors: Osmond Deanna L. , Kleinman Peter J. A. , Coale Frank , Nelson Nathan O. , Bolster Carl H. , McGrath Josh
Published: December 2023

In the 1980s, growing recognition of agricultural phosphorus (P) sources to surface water eutrophication led to scrutiny of animal feeding operations. In 1990, the USDA‐Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) invited prominent scientists to find a solution. It was at an initial meeting that Dr. Andrew Sharpley suggested that P assessment could be modeled after the Universal Soil Loss Equation, where a matrix of factors influencing P loss would be associated with farm nutrient management recommendations. After codifying the P assessment into the USDA‐NRCS 590 Nutrient Management Standard some 10 years later, 48 states chose to develop their own P Index. Sharpley, working with many others, helped develop several state P Indices. In 2000, Sharpley secured funding from the USDA‐Agricultural Research Service to support the National P Research Project, which conducted in‐field P runoff assessments using standardized rainfall simulated studies across 20 states; this allowed individual trials to be aggregated for agroecological regions that were then incorporated into specific state P Indices. Eventually, comparison of P Indices across state boundaries led to a white paper at the behest of USDA‐NRCS that resulted in three regional projects evaluating modeling approaches to support or replace P Indices. Sharpley's national umbrella project pointed to shortcomings in water quality models, such as APEX or TBET, as a replacement for state P Indices, which remain a key part of the USDA‐590 standard. As a selfless leader, capable of attracting and assembling diverse, productive interdisciplinary teams, Sharpley was essential to the inception, development, and implementation of the P Index.
Histopathologic features of selumetinib‐induced paronychia in a child with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Borgia P. , Ferro J. , Piccolo G. , Striano P. , Vellone V. G. , Viglizzo G. , Diana M. C.
Published: December 2023

We report a 4‐year‐old girl developing therapy refractory paronychia induced by selumetinib, an oral selective inhibitor of mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1/2 prescribed for a large submandibular plexiform neurofibroma. Although this cutaneous reaction is well‐known and more prevalent in children than in adults, no histopathological characterisations of nail unit toxicity in children on selumetinib have been reported so far. We show histopathological studies on patient‐derived periungual inflamed skin to investigate the cutaneous impact of selumetinib therapy. Our findings are consistent with those of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors and support the role of a non‐specific immune activation rather than opportunistic infection in the underlying mechanism of the disease. Partial bilateral matricectomies with electrocautery were resolutive, and the child restarted selumetinib with no recurrence of paronychia during a follow‐up period of 3 months after nail surgery.
Value of dermatology hospital conference as a continuing medical education‐accredited activity: A retrospective review
Authors: Maniam Ganesh B. , Isaq Nasro , Wetter David A. , Cantwell Hafsa M. , McEvoy Marian T. , el ‐Azhary Rokea A. , Alavi Afsaneh , Camilleri Michael J. , Davis Mark D. P. , Sartori‐Valinotti Julio C.
Published: December 2023

Background

Dermatology grand rounds are popular educational activities among dermatologists and trainees, contributing to improved knowledge and skills. Dermatology hospital conferences at Mayo Clinic Dermatology are separate from dermatology grand rounds in that they focus on inpatient consultations and dermatology admissions.

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the types of cases presented during dermatology hospital grand rounds and evaluate the educational value of this continuing medical education (CME)‐accredited activity.

Methods

This retrospective study reviewed all inpatient dermatology cases presented during hospital grand rounds at Mayo Clinic Dermatology in Rochester, MN from 2019 to 2022; this study also reviewed the compiled surveys of faculty participants at our institution from 2019 to 2022.

Results

A total of 389 cases met the inclusion criteria for analysis. The most common diagnostic category was inflammatory/autoimmune diseases (157 cases, 40%), followed by infection or infestation (73 cases, 19%), drug‐induced eruptions (49 cases, 13%), neoplastic or metastatic diseases (41 cases, 11%), genetic/congenital disorders (21 cases, 5%), depositional/nutritional/metabolic conditions (15 cases, 4%) and wound/traumatic/iatrogenic dermatoses (12 cases, 3%), which were the least common. Most cases were presented for discussion of diagnosis and management (246 cases, 63%), but others focused on the arrival of diagnosis (119 cases, 31%) or management alone (24 cases, 6%). The compiled surveys of faculty participants (n = 50) indicated high satisfaction with dermatology hospital grand rounds, with the majority expressing that evidence‐based research was incorporated and positively impacted their practice. Most respondents indicated that hospital conference participation improved knowledge (97%), competence (64%), clinician performance (54%), patient outcomes (52%) and team performance (50%).

Conclusions

The cases presented during these conferences spanned from challenging inflammatory diseases to simple dermatoses, with over 800 literature references reviewed. Dermatology hospital grand rounds provide high value as a CME‐accredited activity for dermatology faculty, even for those without a specific interest in hospital/inpatient dermatology.
Advances in machine intelligence‐driven virtual screening approaches for big‐data
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Acharya Vishal
Published: December 2023

Virtual screening (VS) is an integral and ever‐evolving domain of drug discovery framework. The VS is traditionally classified into ligand‐based (LB) and structure‐based (SB) approaches. Machine intelligence or artificial intelligence has wide applications in the drug discovery domain to reduce time and resource consumption. In combination with machine intelligence algorithms, VS has emerged into revolutionarily progressive technology that learns within robust decision orders for data curation and hit molecule screening from large VS libraries in minutes or hours. The exponential growth of chemical and biological data has evolved as “big‐data” in the public domain demands modern and advanced machine intelligence‐driven VS approaches to screen hit molecules from ultra‐large VS libraries. VS has evolved from an individual approach (LB and SB) to integrated LB and SB techniques to explore various ligand and target protein aspects for the enhanced rate of appropriate hit molecule prediction. Current trends demand advanced and intelligent solutions to handle enormous data in drug discovery domain for screening and optimizing hits or lead with fewer or no false positive hits. Following the big‐data drift and tremendous growth in computational architecture, we presented this review. Here, the article categorized and emphasized individual VS techniques, detailed literature presented for machine learning implementation, modern machine intelligence approaches, and limitations and deliberated the future prospects.
Existence and bifurcation of traveling wave solutions to a generalized Boussinesq equation with nonlinear dispersion
Authors: Zhu Neng , Qu Wenjing
Published: December 2023

This paper is devoted to the analytical study of traveling wave solutions to a generalized Boussinesq equation with nonlinear dispersion. Utilizing the bifurcation method of dynamical systems, the existence of compacton and peakon solutions are established. Under certain parameter conditions, the compacton and peakon solutions can be bifurcated by smooth periodic wave solutions, smooth solitary wave solutions, and singular cusp solutions. Numerical simulations are supplied to corroborate the analytical results. Some previous results are extended.
Development, psychometric evaluation, and factor analysis of an instrument measuring quality of life in autistic preschoolers
Authors: Lichtlé Jérôme , Devouche Emmanuel , Dialahy Isaora Zefania , de Gaulmyn Aude , Amestoy Anouck , Coutelle Romain , Isnard Pascale , Monestès Jean‐Louis , Mottron Laurent , Cappe Emilie
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Early interventions for autistic children should target their quality of life (QoL) but require adapted measures. The association of a child's temperament and parental characteristics with the QoL of autistic children remains unknown.

Methods

We constructed an autism module based on a thematic analysis, a Delphi survey with experts, and a pre‐test with parents to be completed alongside the proxy version of the PedsQL 4.0. We explored compliance, responsiveness, internal consistency, convergent validity, and factor structure with 157 parents of autistic preschool children. We examined the association between child and parental characteristics with the QoL of autistic children using correlation analysis, principal component analysis, hierarchical ascending classification, and linear regression. Sociodemographic information was collected via multiple choice questions, autism severity via Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) scores, and parental acceptance and child's temperament via the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire and the Emotionality, Activity, and Sociability.

Results

An autism module comprised of 27 items emerged. Psychometric evaluation resulted in a 24‐item autism module with good internal consistency and significant convergent validity. ADOS total score was not significantly related to QoL, contrary to children's sleep issues, children's emotionality, and parental acceptance.

Conclusions

The autism module is a reliable QoL proxy measure for autistic preschool children. Results suggest parental interventions targeting children's QoL.
Does dietary intake of caffeine have an effect on transient global amnesia?
Authors: Zeinalabedini Mobina , Mousavi Zahra , Amjadi Arezoo , Shapouri Mahsa , Aminnezhad Kavkani Bahareh , Masoumvand Mohammad , Mobarakeh Khadijeh Abbasi , Gholamalizadeh Maryam , Valisoltani Neda , Mohammadi Saeideh , Khoshdooz Sara , Doaei Saeid , Kooshki Akram
Published: December 2023

Aim

Amnesia is a cognitive disorder that may lead to memory loss. Caffeine is a psychoactive substance which have an effect on memory and cognitive functions. This study aimed to assess the association of transient global amnesia (TGA) with dietary intake of caffeine.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted on the Sabzevar Persian cohort data of 258 patients with TGA and 520 healthy individuals in Sabzevar, Iran. The Nutritional data were gathered in face‐to‐face interviews using a valid Food Frequency Questionnaire. Different models of logistic regression were used to determine the association between TGA and dietary caffeine intake after adjusting the confounders including age, sex, education, job, marital status, physical activity, BMI, and calorie intake.

Results

There was no significant difference in terms of dietary calorie intake of (2279.5 ± 757.9 vs. 2365.5 ± 799.5, p = 0.19), protein (70.79 ± 25.27 vs. 72.94 ± 24.83, p = 0.31), fat (59.97 ± 23.79 vs. 60.13 ± 26.38, p = 0.93), carbohydrate (376 ± 134 vs. 393.1 ± 137.8, p = 0.14), and caffeine (196.4 ± 127.9 vs. 186.3 ± 128.5, p = 0.36) between the groups. No significant association was found between TGA and dietary intake of caffeine (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.99–1.01, p = 0.36). The results did not change after adjusting the confounders.

Conclusions

No significant association was found between TGA and dietary intake of caffeine. Further prospective studies are required to confirm this finding.
Exposure to early‐life stress impairs weight‐loss maintenance success in mice
Authors: Foright Rebecca M. , McQuillan Tara E. , Frick Jenna M. , Minchella Paige M. , Levasseur Brittni M. , Tinoco Omar , Birmingham Lauryn , Blankenship Anneka E. , Thyfault John P. , Christianson Julie A.
Published: December 2023

Objective

The impact of early‐life stress on weight‐loss maintenance is unknown.

Methods

Mice underwent neonatal maternal separation (NMS) from 0 to 3 weeks and were weaned onto a high‐fat sucrose diet (HFSD) from 3 to 20 weeks. Calorie‐restricted weight loss on a low‐fat sucrose diet (LFSD) occurred over 2 weeks to induce a 20% loss in body weight, which was maintained for 6 weeks. After weight loss, half of the mice received running wheels, and the other half remained sedentary. Mice were then fed ad libitum on an HFSD or LFSD for 10 weeks and were allowed to regain body weight.

Results

NMS mice had greater weight regain, total body weight, and adiposity compared with naïve mice. During the first week of refeeding, NMS mice had increased food intake and were in a greater positive energy balance than naïve mice. Female mice were more susceptible to NMS‐induced effects, including increases in adiposity. NMS and naïve females were more susceptible to HFSD‐induced weight regain. Exercise was beneficial in the first week of regain in male mice, but, long‐term, only those on the LFSD benefited from exercise. As expected, HFSD led to greater weight regain than LFSD.

Conclusions

Early‐life stress increases weight regain in mice.
Identification of risk factors associated with acute kidney injury in patients taking sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors
Authors: Schumacher Christie , Chorpash Amanda , Bolch Charlotte , Eagan Kellye , Nimer Sara , Van Dril Elizabeth
Published: December 2023

Study Objective

Studies have demonstrated sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are kidney protective; however, their ability to cause hemodynamic changes may predispose patients to acute kidney injury (AKI). An FDA warning recommends evaluating for factors that predispose patients to AKI before initiating a SGLT2 inhibitor. The primary objective of this study is to identify risk factors that may predispose persons with diabetes to AKI when initiating SGLT2 inhibitor therapy.

Design

Multicenter retrospective cohort chart review.

Data Source

Study patients were identified through an electronic medical record generated report if they had type 2 diabetes and were prescribed a SGLT2 inhibitor from January 2013 to September 2019.

Patients

Patients were included if they were receiving care at Advocate Medical Group and were confirmed to have taken one of the four SGLT2 inhibitors available at the time of study approval, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, or ertugliflozin, for at least 7 days. Patients were excluded if they did not have a basic metabolic panel or comprehensive metabolic panel recorded 1 year prior to or 6 months after SGLT2 inhibitor therapy initiation.

Results

Data extraction from the electronic medical record identified 6425 patients receiving a SGLT2 inhibitor, of which 1962 met inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. Thirty‐five (1.8%) patients experienced an AKI after SGLT2 inhibitor therapy initiation. There was no statistically significant difference between groups based on background medication use (p = 0.325). At baseline, patients experiencing an AKI after SGLT2 inhibitor initiation were more likely to be older in age (p = 0.010), have a higher serum potassium (p < 0.001), blood glucose (p = 0.018), SCr (p = 0.009) and UACR (p < 0.001), and a lower eGFR (p = 0.028) compared to those who did not experience AKI.

Conclusions

The transient eGFR decline with SGLT2 inhibitor initiation should be expected and is generally not an indication to discontinue therapy. Future initiatives should be directed at increasing knowledge of monitoring recommendations for these agents.
Disparities in lung transplantation in children
Authors: Brugha Rossa , Wu Diana , Spencer Helen , Marson Lorna
Published: December 2023

Lung transplantation is a recognized therapy for end‐stage respiratory failure in children and young people. It is only available in selected countries and is limited by access to suitable organs. Data on disparities in access and outcomes for children undergoing lung transplantation are limited. It is clear from data from studies in adults, and from studies in other solid organ transplants in children, that systemic inequities exist in this field. While data relating specifically to pediatric lung transplantation are relatively sparse, professionals should be aware of the risk that healthcare systems may result in disparities in access and outcomes following lung transplantation in children.
The development of abamectin resistance in Liriomyza trifolii and its contribution to thermotolerance
Authors: Wang Yu‐Cheng , Chang Ya‐Wen , Gong Wei‐Rong , Hu Jie , Du Yu‐Zhou
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Liriomyza trifolii is an economically significant, invasive pest of horticultural and vegetable crops. The larvae form tunnels in foliage and hasten senescence and death. Outbreaks of L. trifolii often erupt in hot weather and are driven by thermotolerance; furthermore, the poor effectiveness of pesticides has made outbreaks more severe. But it is still unclear whether the development of insecticide tolerance will contribute to thermotolerance in L. trifolii.

RESULTS

To explore potential synergistic relationships between insecticide exposure and thermotolerance in L. trifolii, we first generated an abamectin‐resistant (AB‐R) strain. Knockdown behavior, eclosion and survival rates, and expression levels of genes encoding heat shock proteins (Hsps) in L. trifolii were then examined in AB‐R and abamectin‐susceptible (AB‐S) strains. Our results demonstrated that long‐term selection pressure for abamectin resistance made L. trifolii more prone to develop cross‐resistance to other insecticides containing similar ingredients. Furthermore, the AB‐R strain exhibited enhanced thermotolerance and possessed an elevated critical thermal maximum temperature, and upregulated expression levels of Hsps during heat stress.

CONCLUSION

Collectively, our results indicate that thermal adaptation in L. trifolii was accompanied by emerging abamectin resistance. This study provides a theoretical basis for investigating the synergistic or cross‐adaptive mechanisms that insects use to cope with adversity and demonstrates the complexity of insect adaptation to environmental and chemical stress. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Real‐world evidence to advance knowledge in pulmonary hypertension: Status, challenges, and opportunities. A consensus statement from the Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute's Innovative Drug Development Initiative's Real‐world Evidence Working Group
Authors: Morland Kellie , Gerges Christian , Elwing Jean , Visovatti Scott H. , Weatherald Jason , Gillmeyer Kari R. , Sahay Sandeep , Mathai Stephen C. , Boucly Athénaïs , Williams Paul G. , Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai , Minty Evan P. , Hobohm Lukas , Jose Arun , Badagliacca Roberto , Lau Edmund M. T. , Jing Zhi‐Cheng , Vanderpool Rebecca R. , Fauvel Charles , Leonidas Alves Jose , Strange Geoff , Pulido Tomas , Qian Junyan , Li Mengtao , Mercurio Valentina , Zelt Jason G. E. , Moles Victor M. , Cirulis Meghan M. , Nikkho Sylvia M. , Benza Raymond L. , Elliott C. Gregory
Published: December 2023

This manuscript on real‐world evidence (RWE) in pulmonary hypertension (PH) incorporates the broad experience of members of the Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute's Innovative Drug Development Initiative Real‐World Evidence Working Group. We aim to strengthen the research community's understanding of RWE in PH to facilitate clinical research advances and ultimately improve patient care. Herein, we review real‐world data (RWD) sources, discuss challenges and opportunities when using RWD sources to study PH populations, and identify resources needed to support the generation of meaningful RWE for the global PH community.
Current diagnosis and treatment practice for pulmonary hypertension in bronchopulmonary dysplasia—A survey study in Germany (PUsH BPD)
Authors: Häfner Friederike , Johansson Caroline , Schwarzkopf Larissa , Förster Kai , Kraus Yvonne , Flemmer Andreas W. , Hansmann Georg , Sallmon Hannes , Felderhoff‐Müser Ursula , Witt Sabine , Schwettmann Lars , Hilgendorff Anne
Published: December 2023

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is the most severe complication in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and associated with significant mortality. Diagnostic and treatment strategies, however, still lack standardization. By the use of a survey study (PH in BPD), we assessed clinical practice (diagnosis, treatment, follow‐up) in preterm infants with early postnatal persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) as well as at risk for or with established BPD‐associated PH between 06/2018 and 10/2020 in two‐thirds of all German perinatal centers with >70 very low birthweight infants/year including their cardiology departments and outpatient units. Data were analyzed descriptively by measures of locations and distributional shares. In routine postnatal care, clinical presentation and echocardiography were reported as the main diagnostic modalities to screen for PPHN in preterm infants, whereas biomarkers brain natriuretic peptide/N‐terminal pro b‐type natriuretic peptide were infrequently used. For PPHN treatment, inhaled nitric oxide was used in varying frequency. The majority of participants agreed to prescribe diuretics and steroids (systemic/inhaled) for infants at risk for or with established BPD‐associated PH and strongly agreed on recommending respiratory syncytial virus immunization and the use of home monitoring upon discharge. Reported oxygen saturation targets, however, varied in these patients in in‐ and outpatient care. The survey reveals shared practices in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for preterms with PPHN and BPD‐associated PH in Germany. Future studies are needed to agree on detailed echo parameters and biomarkers to diagnose and monitor disease next to a much‐needed agreement on the use of pulmonary vasodilators, steroids, and diuretics as well as target oxygen saturation levels.
Texture and organic matter associations with soil functional properties in crop and conservation land uses in North Carolina
Authors: Franzluebbers Alan J.
Published: December 2023

Soil texture and organic matter are considered overarching factors controlling a diversity of soil processes and properties. However, a more complete understanding of how these factors quantitatively affect other soil properties has been lacking due to either limited scope of land use and management conditions, confounding climate and environmental conditions with management, or narrow range of soil and management conditions. This study evaluated the strength of associations of sand and total soil N concentrations with soil physical, chemical, and biological properties and processes from 310 surface‐soil (0–10‐cm depth) samples (87% Ultisols, 4% Inceptisols, and ≤3% each of Alfisols, Spodosols, Entisols, and Histosols) collected under conventional‐till and no‐till cropland, grassland, and woodland in four physiographic regions of North Carolina. Sand concentration was most strongly associated with dry‐stable mean‐weight diameter (MWD), MWD product, and sieved soil density (|r| > 0.63, p < 0.001). Total soil N concentration was most strongly associated with particulate organic C and N and soil water content at water‐holding capacity (|r| > 0.74, p < 0.001). Soils under unfertilized woodlands deviated the most from general associations, suggesting that organic matter quality could be unique, and requires further investigation. Overall, sand concentration associated more closely with soil physical properties and total soil N concentration associated closely with both soil physical and biogeochemical properties. Soil chemical properties were only weakly associated with either property. This study suggests that soil texture and organic matter would be complementary, additional properties in holistic soil health assessments that already included routine soil chemical analyses.
Multivariate contaminated normal mixture regression modeling of longitudinal data based on jointmean‐covariancemodel
Authors: Xiaoyu Niu , Yuzhu Tian , Manlai Tang , Maozai Tian
Published: December 2023

Outliers are common in longitudinal data analysis, and the multivariate contaminated normal (MCN) distribution in model‐based clustering is often used to detect outliers and provide robust parameter estimates in each subgroup. In this paper, we propose a method, the mixture of MCN (MCNM), based on the joint mean‐covariance model, specifically designed to analyze longitudinal data characterized by mild outliers. Our model can automatically detect outliers in longitudinal data and provide robust parameter estimates in each subgroup. We use iteratively expectation‐conditional maximization (ECM) algorithm and Aitken acceleration to estimate the model parameters, achieving both algorithm acceleration and stable convergence. Our proposed method simultaneously clusters the population, identifies progression patterns of the mean and covariance structures for different subgroups over time, and detects outliers. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, we conduct simulation studies under various cases involving different proportions and degrees of contamination. Additionally, we apply our method to real data on the number of people infected with AIDS in 49 countries or regions from 2001 to 2021. Results show that our proposed method effectively clusters the data based on various mean progression trajectories. In summary, our proposed MCNM based on the joint mean‐covariance model and MCD of covariance matrices provides a robust method for clustering longitudinal data with mild outliers. It effectively detects outliers and identifies progression patterns in different groups over time, making it valuable for various applications in longitudinal data analysis.
Biomineralization of Sulfate‐Reducing Bacteria In Situ‐Induced Preparation of Nano Fe2O3‐Fe(Ni)S/C as High‐Efficiency Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalyst
Authors: Zhang Wanqing , Ying Jie , Liu Hongwei
Published: December 2023

Transition metal‐based catalysts possess high catalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the preparation of high‐performance OER electrocatalysts using simple strategies with a low cost still faces a major challenge. Herein, this work presents an innovative, in situ‐induced preparation of the Fe2O3, FeS, and NiS nanoparticles, supported on carbon blacks (CBs) (denoted as Fe2O3‐Fe(Ni)S/C) as a high‐efficiency oxygen evolution electrocatalyst by employing biomineralization. Biomineralization, a simple synthesis strategy, demonstrates a huge advantage in controlling the size of the Fe2O3 and Fe(Ni)S nanoparticles, as well as achieving uniform nanoparticle distribution on carbon blacks. It is found that the electrocatalyst Fe2O3‐Fe(Ni)S/C‐200 shows a good OER electrocatalytic activity with a small loading capacity, and it has a small overpotential and Tafel slope in 1 m KOH solution with values of 264 mV and 42 mV dec−1, respectively, at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Additionally, it presents good electrochemical stability for over 24 h. The remarkable and robust electrocatalytic performance of Fe2O3‐Fe(Ni)S/C‐200 is attributed to the synergistic effect of Fe2O3, FeS, and doped‐Ni species as well as its distinct 3D spherical structure. This approach indicates the promising applications of biomineralization for the bio‐preparation of functional materials and energy conversion.
Computational framework of MHD radiative heat transfer to Carreau nanofluid with Soret‐Dufour effects and activation energy
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Muhammad Taseer
Published: December 2023

Recently, the superior rheological, thermo‐physical, and tri‐bological aspects of nanofluids are appropriate for heat transport properties and lubrication in autos. Nanofluids in autos have promising uses for instance a furnace coolant, machine oil, air conditioning structure lubricant, engine oil, foot‐brake fluid, and shock absorber. The thought of nanofluid has made influential devotion from researchers everywhere in world owing to their exceptional thermo‐physical properties and numerous potential assistances and uses in crucial fields for instance, thermosphere, vitality, CPU equipment, and bio‐medicine. Here the article reports the features of heat transport, possessions and persuading parts of fluid, influencing procedures and mechanisms of nanofluids.  Furthermore, the purpose of this article is to explore the latest research outcomes in the undeveloped workings on nanofluids, so that scientists in the arena of energy change have a more exhaustive and clears sympathetic view of the energy alteration properties and uses of nanofluids. The 3D Carreau fluid with diverse properties of heat/ mass transportations, that is, MHD, mixed convection, radiation, heat sink/source, Soret‐Dufour impact, zero mass flux and activation energy are examined with bvp4c approach. The Dufour and thermal Biot factors enhance the temperature field; similarly, thermophoretic and Soret factors exaggerate the field of concentration. The larger value of Brownian factor decays the concentration field.
Dynamic BEM analysis of elastic anisotropic nano‐sheet with surface imperfections and cavities
Authors: Parvanova Sonia , Dineva Petia
Published: December 2023

The paper considers elastic anisotropic nano‐sheet with nanotopography and containing embedded nanocavities under time‐harmonic in‐plane wave motion. The mechanical model is based on the classical elastodynamic theory for the anisotropic bulk solid and the nonclassical boundary conditions along its boundary derived by Gurtin and Murdoch. A localized constitutive equation for the half‐plane boundary is considered in the frame of surface elasticity theory. The computational tool is an efficient direct displacement boundary element method (BEM) based on the frequency‐dependent elastodynamic fundamental solution for elastic generally anisotropic material. To show the versatility of the proposed methodology, wave propagation in an elastic anisotropic heterogeneous nano‐sheet with nanorelief presented by hill‐canyon nanotopography is studied. The simulations illustrate the dependence of the wave field on the material anisotropy, on the surface elasticity properties, on the nanorelief peculiarities, on the nanocavities existence and their dynamic interaction, and on the incident wave characteristics. The obtained results reveal the potential of the developed mechanical model based on the boundary integral equations in the frame of surface elasticity theory to produce highly accurate results by using strongly reduced discretization mesh in comparison with the domain‐based methods.
Learning from Organisational Embedding for Climate Resilience
Authors: Lonsdale Kate , Coles Tim , O’Hare Paul , Douglas Caitlin , Scott-Bottoms Stephen , Kennedy-Asser Alan , Rougé Charles , Wagner Corinna
Published: December 2023

This paper describes the UK Climate Resilience Programme (UKCR) Embedded Researcher (ER) scheme, in which 13 researchers were ‘embedded’ within ‘host’ organisations to undertake a research project of mutual interest.

There was considerable interest in the scheme from public, private and third sector organisations.

The COVID-19 lockdowns limited the extent that ERs could physically work within their host organisation, but embedding and collaborative working was still achieved.

ERs and hosts agreed that the approach enabled more fit-for-purpose outcomes than through traditional research or consultancy; future schemes could include ‘host’ staff spending time in research institutions to better understand the nature of academic knowledge production.

Factors influencing effectiveness included the perception of being ‘on the inside’ of the organisation; the flexibility of the research workplan; the openness of the ER and host to learning; a facilitative and curious outlook; and the commitment to achieve mutually beneficial goals.
What Have We Learned from the Climate Service Projects Delivered Through the UK Climate Resilience Programme?
Authors: Douglas Caitlin , Harrison Mark
Published: December 2023

Climate service delivery depends on the presence of positive enabling conditions within service providers, user organisations and the wider context in which the prototype is being developed (i.e. the political, economic, social, cultural or legal landscape).

User trust in a service output is critical; direct engagementthrough co-production can help build this trust, facilitated by managing expectations and clearly communicating service scope and limitations.

The ambition to scale up climate services remains challenging, in part due to limitations within existing funding frameworks (particularly in relation to building relationships with new sectors), plus a lack of ongoing support for users.
Paradigms of Cyberculturalism in Post-postmodernity
Authors: Ghasemi Mehdi
Published: December 2023

In this article, I argue that we have moved into a new artistic, literary, social, media and economic period, wherein cyberculture reigns at the crossroads of real and virtual spaces and affects our literary and artistic productions, publication outlets, communication means and economic transactions. To show this, I elaborate on paradigms of cyberculturalism, including artificial intelligence, multimediality, omnipresence of social media, Twitterature, cybercommerce and cryptocurrency, in art, literature, culture and economics. I also discuss how the paradigms of cyberculturalism create new re-arrangements in the world and affect our perspectives, communications and transactions in post-postmodernity.
Integrierte Datenanalyse zur Kollaboration in der Auftragsplanung
Authors: Bohlmann Andreas , Scholten Claudia , Desai Rachana , Klapic Edin
Published: December 2023

ERCO ist ein international führender Spezialist für nachhaltige Architekturbeleuchtung mit LED-Technologie. Das Unternehmen möchte die Informationen aus Angeboten und Aufträgen des ERP-Systems (SAP R/3) mit Informationen aus dem Customer Relationship System (SAP CRM) anreichern und eine auf Algorithmen basierende Prognose etablieren. Diese Vorhersage soll zudem mit Daten aus Social Media Quellen bzw. der Firmenwebseite ergänzt werden. Die Daten dienen somit als Grundlage der Planung von Unternehmensressourcen. Im Rahmen der unternehmensweiten Kollaboration mit Vertriebsgesellschaften, sowie der Fertigung und der Produktion bis hin zur Lieferantenintegration, dient die Prognose der Steuerung und Justierung der Wertschöpfungskette. Hier steht die Nutzung der KI Software RapidMiner im Vordergrund, um datengetriebene und fundierte Entscheidungen in der Supply Chain zu gewährleisten. Die Grundlage der Ausführungen bildet die Ausgangssituation des Unternehmens und in der Folge wird das Prognosetool und die Datenstrukturierung beschrieben. Die Implementierung erfolgt nach dem sogenannten Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining und behandelt außerdem die Herausforderungen beim Aufbau der notwendigen Kompetenzen für die industrielle Datenanalyse in der Auftragsplanung.
Kompetenzentwicklung und -sicherung mit einem digitalen Wissensdienst
Authors: Zimmermann Volker , Adams Rebekka , Klupak Christopher
Published: December 2023

Die Nutzung von modernen Methoden der Datenanalyse und Datenvernetzung in der Industrie hat in den letzten Jahren stark zugenommen und ermöglicht Unternehmen, durch die effiziente Nutzung von generiertem Wissen, wichtige Wettbewerbsvorteile zu erlangen. Deshalb nehmen die Analyse und Interpretation von Daten sowie die effiziente Nutzung des generierten Wissens einen immer größeren Stellenwert ein. Dem steht jedoch ein Mangel an erforderlichen Kompetenzen und Einführungsstrategien seitens der Mitarbeitenden sowie an strategisch ausgerichteten, praktikablen Dienstleistungs- und Technologieangeboten gegenüber. Gerade für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) ist der Einsatz von industrieller Datenanalyse mit speziellen Herausforderungen verbunden. Dazu wurden zunächst datenwissenschaftliche Kompetenzen definiert und ermittelt. In der Folge konnten ein digitaler Wissensdienst entwickelt, technologiebasierte Lernmodule generiert und verschiedene Kollaborationsmöglichkeiten innerhalb der Plattform integriert werden. Um die Kompetenzentwicklung im Bereich der Industriellen Datenanalyse zu fördern, ist durch die Konzipierung und Entwicklung der Work&Learn-Plattform eine digitale Serviceplattform geschaffen worden, die für die (KMU-) Mitarbeitenden zum Kompetenzaufbau und -sicherung, zur Wissensaneignung und zum Austausch mit Expert:innen und weiteren Themen-Interessierten zur Verfügung steht.
Realisierung eines I4.0-Lerndemonstrators im Rahmen des AKKORD-Projekts
Authors: Klupak Christopher , Hardt Tina
Published: December 2023

Die zunehmende Digitalisierung von Produktionsprozessen erfordert adäquates didaktisches Material für die Aus- und Weiterbildung von Personal. Um dem Mangel an kompakten, erschwinglichen und didaktisch fundierten Demonstratoren entgegenzuwirken, haben die Real-Time-Systems GmbH und der Lehrstuhl für Berufspädagogik in den technischen Fächern der Universität Hamburg im Projekt AKKORD eine Lernstation entwickelt, die industrielle Datenerfassung und Sicherheitskonzepte vermittelt. Die AKKORD-Lernstation besteht aus einer Hardware-Komponente und einer hybriden Lernmethode, die traditionelle Präsenzveranstaltungen und digitale Elemente kombiniert. Die Lerninhalte werden in realitätsnahen Handlungssituationen vermittelt, wobei ein fiktives Sägewerk als Kontext dient. Das Lernkonzept umfasst sieben Lernaufgaben und beinhaltet eine Präsentationsphase, in der die Lernenden ihre Ergebnisse vorstellen. Eine Pilotierung an der David Röntgen Berufsschule zeigte positive Ergebnisse, obwohl kleinere Schwachstellen identifiziert wurden. Zukünftige Optimierungen umfassen die Entwicklung eines Multi-User-Interfaces und die Integration von Simulationen in die ARENDAR-Weboberfläche. Insgesamt bietet die AKKORD-Lernstation ein vielversprechendes und vielseitig einsetzbares Schulungskonzept für die Vermittlung von Industrie 4.0-Kompetenzen in der beruflichen Bildung.