bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of DCT and Weld Harfacing for Enhancing Erosion Resistance of PCBN: A Review
Authors: Singh Puneet Pal , Kumar Pardeep
Published: August 2021

Solid particle erosion (SPE) is a dominating material removal process in various industries which contributes to material degradation of wide variety of engineering tools and components. Literature evidences the efforts made to capture the material degradation problem due to SPE. Enhancement of mechanical properties like hardness with sufficient ductility is prerequisite of erosion resistance. But it is difficult to improve conflicting properties such as hardness and ductility at the same time. Hardfacing is an effective method to extend the service life of machine components experiencing abrasive, corrosive or erosive wear, by increasing surface hardness without affecting the ductility of the base metal. It can be done with the help of various welding techniques, depending upon the prevailing conditions, requirements and desired results. Submerged arc welding (SAW) provides large deposit rates with ease of automation. Heat treatment is a conventional process, which is used since long times to alter different properties of materials according to the requirements. Deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) followed by a subsequent tempering process has also reported to produce interestingly positive results by improving hardness, toughness and erosive wear resistance of tool steels, carburized steels and cast irons. This paper reviews the current status of literature exhibiting the use of DCT in tackling the problem of SPE and its proposed use in improving erosion resistance of pulverized coal burner nozzles (PCBN’s) used in thermal power generation plant.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties of Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons with Pore Passivation
Authors: Kaur Sukhdeep , Kaur Randhawa Deep Kamal , Narang Sukhleen Bindra
Published: August 2021

There is a need to discover efficient thermoelectric materials that can generate electricity from waste heat and could play an important role in a global sustainable energy solution. Graphene Nanoribbons have been explored for a range of pore dimensions in order to achieve better thermoelectric performance. In this paper, we investigate the thermoelectric properties of porous armchair graphene nanoribbons by introducing hydrogen atoms as passivators at the pore surfaces. The aim of this work is to study the influence of pore passivation on the thermoelectric parameters as a function of pore geometry so as to open the possibility for an optimal pore engineering which can significantly improve the thermoelectric efficiency. The results show that the phonon thermal conductivity has a very little dependence on the pore edge passivation. An improvement in thermoelectric figure of merit is achieved due to the increased values of the power factor with consistent values of thermalconductivity. The unique thermoelectric properties of graphene nanoribbons with pore passivation suggest their great potentials for nanoscale thermoelectric applications. Within ballistic transport regime, semi-empirical extended Huckel method has been used for electrical properties while Tersoff potential has been employed for phononic calculations.
Environment Friendly Minimum Quantity Lubrication Technique
Authors: Virdi Roshan Lal
Published: August 2021

Lubricants are always important for the machining of materials for any industry. Large quantity of rational lubricants poses environment and health problems to the workers. Research is focused nowadays on to replace traditional fluids which are harmful to meet the striker laws of environment. Nanofluids can be the alternative if made with proper base oils to protect the environment and workers health. Nanofluids has the ability to transfer more heat with good lubrication effects. Environment friendly nanoparticles with vegetable oils as base fluid in Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) technique can help the industries to eliminate traditional oils.
Influence of Plasma Sprayed Coatings on Die Life during Hot Forging Process: A State of Art Review
Authors: Gill Simran Singh , Babbar Kapil
Published: August 2021

Tooling and die failure is a prime concern for hot forging industry for survival in the competitive globe. Different methods are employed to protect the tools/dies from degradation. Thermal spraying is one of the most effective methods to protect the material from wear, thermal fatigue and plastic deformation due to adverse environments during hot forging process, thus increasing the life of material in use. A coating is a covering process that is applied to the surface of a material which is referred to as the substrate. The coating itself is either completely covered through the whole surface or the particular parts of the substrate. Different coatings are used to achieve the desired properties. In this process, relatively thick metallic, polymer, ceramic and composite coatings is deposited. The optimum coating process is selected on the basis of desired coating properties. Coating material is either in the form of wire, powder, rod, cord or molten-bath form. The procedure may be manual, mechanized or fully automated. This paper attempts to define some of the current important issues and research priorities in the plasma spray field.
Optimization of Performance Parameters in Drilling Process for Minimizing the Burr Formation
Authors: Singh Jatinder , Garg Kulvinder
Published: August 2021

Presently a-days precision manufacturing has picked up its significance in all assembling industries. The best product dimensions at low cost with minimum time become a measure of concern. The drilling process imparts more than 30% of all the metal removing operations done on a job or assembly. The burr is a plastically deformed material, generated during drilling is unnecessary output and reduces the product acceptability, often lowers the surface quality of the product requires deburring which increases the cost of product. Burr is caused due to improper machining, tooling and environmental parameters. Total elimination of burrs during drilling process is a difficult task but using proper process parameters it can be minimized. In the present experimental study, the optimization of process parameters for minimization of burr formation in drilling process has been carried out for Al6082 plate. The tool type (coated/uncoated), spindle speed, feed rate, and drill diameters were used as the process parameters. Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal has been applied for DOE and drilling of Al6082 plates has been performed using ply-board as a backup support and without using any backup support on CNC drilling machine. The burr height and surface roughness were analyzed and optimized using S/N ratio and ANOVA and the optimum combinations for burr height and surface roughness has been found from S/N plots. The most influencing factors for burr height and surface roughness have been found from ANOVA tables.
Laser Texturing as Substrate Preparation Technique for Improved Corrosion Performance on WC-Co HVOF Coatings on AZ91D
Authors: Aulakh Sachpreet Singh , Kausha Gagandeep , Bala Neeraj
Published: August 2021

Substrate preparation plays a vital role in the performance of thermal spray coatings. Adherence of the coating to the substrate depends on surface characteristics like; mechanical interlocking, physio-chemical properties of surface and metallurgical bonding. The surface characteristics depend to great extent on the method used for substrate preparation. In the present study, WC-12Co and WC-17Co coatings were deposited on AZ91D samples prepared using laser texturing as substrate preparation technique. Laser textured substrate was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and surface roughness tester. Bond strength of the coating was determined using ASTM 633C pull off test. SEM was used to study the morphology of the coating; XRD/EDAX techniques were used to study the structure of the coatings. Porosity and micro-hardness of the coatings were also measured. Corrosion performance of the coatings was determined using Potentiodynamic and EIS electrochemical corrosion testing techniques. The coatings are found to have good surface and mechanical properties. Both WC-12Co and WC-17Co demonstrated good corrosion performance during electrochemical testing. However, WC-12Co was found to better protect the AZ91D compared to WC-17Co.
Fluidized Bed Combustion: Technology for Efficient Utilization of Biomass Residues
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Sharma Rajeev Kamal
Published: August 2021

Fossil fuels are the most common and reliable energy source, which presently fulfill 80% energy requirements all across the world. In the last few decades, over-consumption, fast pace modernization and population growth are some prominent factors which are exploiting the fossil fuels. The degradation of natural resources has gone up at an alarming rate which provoked to look for an alternate source of energy. From all available alternative renewable energy sources, biomass is the only carbon-based sustainable option. But, its diversity makes it a complex and difficult fuel. Among all technologies used for energy generation from the biomass, fluidized bed combustion is emerging as a suitable best option to handle fuel diversity. This article deals with biomass fluidization and its combustion in a fluidized bed. The difficulties encountered during biomass combustion and different solutions for the same have been highlighted. Problems like deposition, corrosion, agglomeration and trace metal emission have been discussed and their remedies to avoid the discontinuity in the operation of biomass-fired fluidized bed combustor. This technical approach will help to reduce environmental problems, improve the economic structure of the nation, and remove obstacles for sustainable energy development.
Effect of Minimum Quantity Lubrication in Machining Using Different Vegetable Oils
Authors: Kaur Satwinder , Garg Kulwinder , Mittal Rutash
Published: August 2021

In metal industries and researchers are trying to reduce the use of coolant lubricant fluid in metal cutting to give the better performance, health safety, economic benefits and reduction in environmental pollution. Lubrication is necessary for the cutting operations to avoid the surface damages. The MQL gives better result over the conventional flood cooling as it effectively reduce the tool wear through mixture of air and lubricant and also impairs the surface finish of product. The minimization of cutting fluid leads to saving the lubrication cost and also saves machine cleaning time. This study deals with experimental investigation on role of different vegetable oils tool wear and surface finish. Experiments were carried out by plain turning of round bar of SAE 1018. The aerosol based on different vegetable oils was used to evaluate the tool performance and surface finish at different speed combinations. It was observed that Aerosol consist of Canola oil gives less tool wear and comparative surface finish as compared to Sunflower and Soybean oil. SEM results also analyzed in terms of tool wear.
Experimental Investigation on Effects of MQL on Surface Finish and Tool Wear in Turning of SAE 1018
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Chatha Sukhpal Singh , Mittal Rutash
Published: August 2021

In all machining processes, tool wear is a major problem and it leads to tool failure. In metal industries, the use of cutting fluids affects both employee’s health and environmental pollution. But the use of cutting fluids becomes necessary to keep tight tolerances and to maintain the work-piece surface properties without damages. Researchers are trying to reduce the use of coolant lubricant fluids in metal cutting to obtain environmental safety. So, to minimize the use of cutting fluids new cutting techniques are investigated. Minimal quantity of Lubrication (MQL) is a recent technique introduced in machining to obtain less tool wear and environment safety. The minimum quantity lubrication was provided with a spray of mixture of air and vegetable oil at suitable pressure. MQL machining was performed much superior compared to dry and wet machining due to substantial reduction in tool wear and cutting zone temperature and a better surface finish. MQL provides neat and clean environment avoiding health hazards due to smoke, fumes and gases etc. In this study work-piece of SAE 1018 were prepared to investigate their Surface finish under turning with coated tool bits. Wear of nose radius of tool bits were analyzed by SEM which results in less wear in MQL process as compared to flood cooling.
Green Manufacturing Practices in Manufacturing Industry: A State of Art
Authors: Singh Mahakdeep , Singh Kanwarpreet , Singh Amanpreet
Published: August 2021

Indian Market is growing globally but with this growth the risk to human life is also increasing as the environment is getting adulterated day by day, this adulteration is due to the pollution caused by automobiles, factories and other manufacturing units. For the risk to be lightened on human race there is a need to brighten the minds of manufactures and industrialists in order to shift their manufacturing techniques from conventional to Green manufacturing techniques. Recently, concern for the environment has led manufacturing industries to take a proactive role in the development of cleaner manufacturing processes and the design of recyclable products. As the most recent update many prominent agencies like UNFCCC (United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change) are imposing new laws for more greener environments in all over the world, so this paper focuses on the review on the research os various researchers which they have published world wide in prominent journals in adaptation of Green manufacturing techniques by Manufacturing Industries.
Numerical Simulation of Free Convection Heat Transfer of Ferrofluid in an Oval Shaped Closed Loop
Authors: Mehta Jaswinder Singh , Kumar Rajesh
Published: August 2021

Free convective heat transfer capability of kerosene based ferrofluid flowing through an oval shaped two-dimensional closed loop has been investigated numerically. COMSOL Multi Physics, a standard CFD code has been applied for solving the governing equations. A constant magnetic field was applied using permanent magnet and time dependent numerical study has been conducted for laminar fluid flow and heat transfer. The fluid was found to flow under the effect of externally applied magnetic field and spatially varying temperature. Maximum velocity of 4.43 mm/s has been found under the influence of externally applied magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet and flow was observed to be continuous. Temperature and velocity plots have also been plotted reconfirming the candidature of ferrofluid as a coolant for heat transfer applications of mini/micro devices.
Methodology for Selecting Thermoelectric Module for Portable Vaccine Cold Box
Authors: Srinu Banoth , Devanuri Jaya Krishna
Published: August 2021

Vaccine cold boxes are used for storing as well as transporting vaccine at precisely controlled temperature range. The aim of this paper is to define a design methodology in selecting a thermoelectric module (TEM) for a portable vaccine cold box that maintainsan internal temperature between 2-7oC. A Cold box is designed based on the principle of thermoelectric effects (i.e. Peltier effect) wherethe cold side of the TEM is attached to the cold box for extracting the heat load and maintain the required temperature range inside it. The heat from the hot side is ejected to surrounding with the help of heat sinks and fans for the enhancement of thermoelectric performance. The study provides the methodology for the selection of available Peltier’s and usage of these Peltier’s in the design of cold box. Based on the study it is observed that the minimum temperature in the vaccine box can be reached to 5oC which indicates that the vaccine cold box can be maintained at desired temperature.
Fabrication and Analysis of Thermal Insulation Boards from Rice Husk
Authors: Dhand Deepak
Published: August 2021

There is an increased awareness to preserve the environment in the present day society. Rice Husk (RH),is the widely available agricultural wastes and is a serious concern for the environment. It is a potential material for use as alternative material in the construction and insulation industry. The particle board made from rice husk (RH) or rice husk ash (RHA), bonded by resin under the application of pressure and temperature. Urea formaldehyde is the organic resin used in general for interior use whereas phenol formaldehyde for external disclosure. The said resins are preferred for their water-resistant properties and better binding strength. The present study investigates the potential of rice husk reinforced boards by experimenting the different compositions and thicknesses. The objective is to perform a thermal analysis of the processed Rice husk boards. Boards made from rice husk are biodegradable unlike glass wool & other synthetic insulations. After experimenting on different fabrication conditions, six samples were finalized and were tested for physical and thermal viability in their applications. This study found that by adding ash of rice husk, the density of board decreases with respect to the board of same weight and consisting of rice husk only. Moisture Content is higher in case of boards with RHA but is within permissible limits. RHA reinforced boards have improved thermal properties, which is desirable in case of insulation boards.
Analysis of Functionally Graded Cylinders for Different Gradation Law under Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Loading
Authors: . Amandeep , . Abhay , Padhee Srikant Sekhar
Published: August 2021

Functionally graded materials are materials with tailored properties in one or more directions. This paper analyzes functionally graded cylinders with variation of properties according to various gradation laws available in literature of functionally graded materials. These gradation laws determine response of material under different loading and boundary conditions. The whole analysis is carried out in ABAQUS. USDFLD subroutine has been used for varying the material properties at elemental level. FGM cylinder under analysis has been loaded with coupled thermo-mechanical load where one surface of the plate is loaded with mechanical force and a temperature gradient is provided over the thickness of the cylinder. Another surface is free from any kind of mechanical forces. On application of force and thermal gradient maximum stresses generated and the maximum nodal temperature observed in the cylinder is compared with the failure limits considering factor of safety for the working conditions.On the basis of maximum stress observed and the corresponding nodal temperature using different gradation laws the application of these laws are justified.
Fine Finishing of Extended Surfaces of 316 L Stainless Steel Thin Plate with Magnetic Abrasives
Authors: Farwaha Harnam Singh , Deepak Dharmpal
Published: August 2021

Some of the materials used in modern industries and industrial applications are difficult to finish with high degree of accuracy and minimal surface defects using conventional machining and polishing techniques. Stainless steel is one such widely used material that is ductile, tough and difficult to finish with traditional processes. This study aims to finish effectively the thin 316 L stainless steel plate using nontraditional technique as it is very difficult to finish using traditional technique. Response Surface Methodology approach for experimental design (Box-Behnken) is used for performing and analyzing the experimental work. Box-Behnken design is having the maximum efficiency for an experiment involving three factors and three levels. The experimental results indicate that the 316L stainless steel plate can be successfully finished with diamond sintered magnetic abrasives. The process yields best results of Rotational Speed = 200RPM, Feed = 40mm/sec and Machining Time = 60minutes for PISF. The PISF was improved by 45%.
Feature Based Comparison of Text Based Image Retrieval and Context Based Image Retrieval Images
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Dang Rajeev Kumar
Published: August 2021

Image processing is a field to process the images according to horizontal and vertical axis to form some useful results. It deals with edge detection, image compression, noise removal, image segmentation, image identification, image retrieval and image variation etc. Customarily, there are two techniques i.e. text based image retrieval and content based image retrieval that are used for retrieving the image according to features and providing color to all pixel pairs. The system retrieval that is based on TBIR assists to recover an image from the database using annotations. CBIR extorts images to form a hefty degree database using the visual contents of an original image that is called low level features or features of an image. These visual features are extracted using feature extraction and then match with the input image. Histogram, color moment, color correlogram, Gabor filter and wavelet transform are various CBIR techniques that can be used autonomously or pooled to acquire enhanced consequences. This paper states about a novel technique for fetching the images from the image database using two low level features namely color based feature and texture based features. Two techniques- one is color correlogram (for color indexing) and another is wavelet transform (for texture processing) has also been introduced.
Manufacturing Performance Enhancement Through Various Maintenance Practices in Indian SMEs: A Literature Review
Authors: Sidhu Simranjit Singh , Singh Kanwarpreet , Ahuja I. P. S.
Published: August 2021

Globalization and liberalization of the world economy has leveled the field for all competitors around the globe. In this high competition environment all the industries try to lower the manufacturing cost of product and to increase their profit without compromising quality of product. Industries are in the race to search the ways to reduce the manufacturing cost of product. All over the world industries implement many techniques to sustain in this competitive world. In this environment Maintenance practices’ become the essential and basic need of industries. The main objective of maintenance practices is to keep machines running all the time and increasing the availability of resources. Like this maintenance practices have become one of the most important functions in an organization. In India large industries implemented maintenance practices successfully and receiving their benefits. But a very little information is available regarding the success role of maintenance practices in small and medium enterprises. To face global competition successfully, SMEs have to successfully implement the maintenances practices. The purpose of this paper is to review the current scenario of various maintenance practices being implemented in SMEs. The paper will have great value for managers of SMEs in understanding the benefits accrued by implementing these maintenance practices. The paper will also cover the direct and indirect benefits of maintenance practices in Indian SMEs.
An Exploration of the Image Processing Techniques for the Detection of Leukemia
Authors: Premnath A. , Meenakshi V. S.
Published: August 2021

In the pathological diagnostic method, categorization of blood cell has more essential to detect and analyze the disease. The complications that are connected with blood can be distributed only after the blood cell classification. The illness that begins with the bone marrow is the Leukemia. Therefore, it must be handled at the beginning step and proceeds to death if continuing untreated. This present research elucidates an investigation of diagnosing leukemia from microscopic blood image exhausting various image processing algorithms.
Alpha Amylase, Alpha Glucosidase Inhibition and Profiling of Volatile Compounds of Biologically Active Extracts from Momordica cymbalaria (Hook, Fenzl) Skin and Seeds
Authors: . E. Abbirami , . L. Dinesh Kumar , . R. Guna
Published: August 2021

Momordica cymbalaria (Hook, Fenzl) has been used in traditional medicine for diabetes in India. This study was designed to examine, total phenolic, total flavonoid contents and in vitro anti-oxidant activity by using seven different types of solvent extracts. The biologically active extracts, ethanol extract of fruit skin (EESK) and methanol extract of seed (MESE) were evaluated for in vitro anti-diabetic activity followed by detection of bioactive metabolites by GC-MS analysis. EESK and MESE exhibited IC50 values of 185.1 μg/ml against α – amylase and 224.4 μg/ml against α – glucosidase, respectively. GC-MS profiling of skin and seed portion of the vegetable revealed the presence of 40 compounds from EESK and 29 compounds from MESE. Thus, this study reveals that EESK and MESE exhibited in vitro anti-diabetic activity and GC-MC profiling confirms the presence of anti-diabetic phytocompounds such as L-Cysteine and cis- Vaccenic acid.
Seasonality in Nutrient Contents of Edible Green Algae Ulva compressa and Ulva fasciata from Southeast Coast of India
Authors: . N. Monisha Hyderali
Published: August 2021

Seasonal variations in the proximate (protein, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, ash, moisture, lipid, amino acid and fatty acid content), mineral composition (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, C, Mn) and Heavy metals content (Cd, Pb, Hg and Ni) of Ulva compressa and Ulva fasciata were investigated for all four different seasons (Spring, North east monsoon, Summer and South west monsoon) during 2015 to 2016. Data were analyzed using one- and two-way ANOVA. Significant variations in the proximate constituents were found among seasons and species. Maximum proximate and mineral composition in U. compressa are protein, carbohydrate, ash content, moisture content and lipid in northeast monsoon, dietary fiber, amino acids content and mineral content in southwest monsoon, fatty acids content in spring. Heavy metals were not detected except lead. In U. fasciata, maximum proximate and mineral composition are protein, carbohydrate, moisture content, ash content in spring season, dietary fiber in summer season, lipid and total amino acids content in northeast monsoon, fatty acids contents and mineral content in southwest season. Heavy metals were not detected except lead. U. compressa has highest protein, carbohydrate, moisture content, amino acids and mineral content as compared to U. fasciata. U. fasciata has maximum dietary fiber, ash content, lipid content and fatty acids as compared to U. compressa. In general, Northeast monsoon showed the highest proximate and mineral composition in both the algae. The present study revealed that these two edible algae have higher proximate contents which can be more ideal for food consumption for humans and animals.
Character Segmentation and Skew Correction for Handwritten Devanagari Scripts: A Friends Technique
Authors: . Ashok Kumar Bathla , . Sunil Kumar Gupta
Published: August 2021

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology allows a computer to “read” text (both typed and handwritten) the way a human brain does.Significant research efforts have been put in the area of Optical Character Segmentation (OCR) of typewritten text in various languages, however very few efforts have been put on the segmentation and skew correction of handwritten text written in Devanagari which is a scripting language of Hindi. This paper aims a novel technique for segmentation and skew correction of hand written Devanagari text. It shows the accuracy of 91% and takes less than one second to segment a particular handwritten word.
Effect of Stirring Speed and Stirring Time on Distribution of Nano Al2O3 Particles in Al7075 Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Raju H. P. , Prashanth Reddy M. S.
Published: August 2021

Al7075 was successfully synthesized with the addition of Nano Al2O3 with 1.00Wt% by stir casting method by considering various stirring speeds and stirring times during this study. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is adapted to examine the microstructure of prepared composites. Tensile strength are tested on composite specimens (as per ASTM E8M-09) using computerized Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Micro Vicker’s hardness test was carried out on top of the polished composite specimens. The results showed the microstructure, ultimate tensile strength and hardness of the composite were influenced by the stirring speed and stirring time. From the microstructure it is revealed that, the particle clustering was more at a lower stirring speed with a lower stirring time. Increased mixing speed and mixing time resulted in better particle distribution. The results of the hardness test also demonstrated that, the composite’s hardness is affected by the stirring speed and time. At 400 rpm with a stirring time of 10 minutes, the uniform hardness levels are achieved. But the properties degraded again after an interval of certain time. Present study is conducted to determine microstructure, ultimate tensile strength, and hardness of composite and the tendency between processing parameters such as stirring speed and time.
NiO and Ag@NiO Nanomaterials for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Photoluminescence Studies: Green Synthesis Using Lycopodium Linn.
Authors: Basavalingaiah K. R.
Published: August 2021

NiO and Ag-NiO nano particles were prepared using Lycopodium extract as a fuel via solution combustion synthesis (SCS) at 500 ºC. From the PXRD, FTIR, UV-DRS studies the synthesized NPs were characterized. The morphologies of the prepared NPs were studied by SEM and TEM analysis. The synthesized NPs were tested for photocatalytic and photoluminescence studies. The PXRD data indicated that the synthesized nanoparticles belong to cubic phase structure and space group Fm-3m. The FTIR spectrum of NiO exhibited the absorption bond at 427 cm-1 is associated to Ni-O vibration band. The SEM data revealed that agglomeration was obtained. NiO and Ag-NiO Nps were taken for determine the photocatalytic activity study on methylene blue dye, the results indicated that Ag-NiO NPs exhibited promising photocatalytic activity. This is due to occurrence of Ag particles on the NiO material, which makes the catalyst more sensitive. Furthermore, a photoluminescence study for NiO and Ag-NiO was studied.
Boundary Extraction and Vessel Width Calculation in Retinal Fundus Images
Authors: Manjunatha R. , Sheshadri H. S.
Published: August 2021

A retinal vessel width measurement algorithm is presented towards ROP (Retinopathy of Prematurity) plus diagnostic automation. The algorithm involving geometrical feature extraction with the image processing is used to compute the effective width of the major vessels in a retinal image. Width measurement is shown to be a statistical parameter estimation related to the statistics of the retinal information. The algorithm is applied to the generic data bases available and the results are found to be satisfactory with ophthalmologist opinion. The effectiveness of the algorithm depends on the fundus image capturing settings.
Growth, XRD, Mechanical, Optical and SHG Studies of L-Lysine L-Tartaric Acid Crystals
Authors: Anbulakshmi C. , Selvarajan P. , Selvaraj S.
Published: August 2021

Single crystals of L-lysine L-tartaric acid (LLLT) were grown by solution method using double distilled water as the solvent. The grown crystals LLLT were subjected to characterization studies like XRD studies, mechanical studies, optical studies and SHG studies. From XRD studies, it is ascertained that LLLT crystal crystallizes in monoclinic structure. The grown crystal has high transmittance in the visible region and it has high optical band gap. The mechanical parameters like hardness, work hardening coefficient, yield strength, stiffness constant, brittleness index, corrected hardness and resistance pressure of LLLT crystal have been evaluated by using Vickers microhardness method. The relative SHG efficiency of LLLT crystal has been determined by Kurtz-Perry powder technique.
Study of Properties of Differential Transform Method for Solving the Linear Differential Equation
Authors: Das Nandita
Published: August 2021

The differential transformation method (DTM) is an alternative procedure for obtaining an analytic Taylor series solution of differential linear and non-linear equations. However, the proofs of the properties of equation have been long ignored in the DTM literature. In this paper, we present an analytical solution for linear properties of differential equations by using the differential transformation method. This method has been discussed showing the proof of the equation which are presented to show the ability of the method for linear systems of differential equations. Most authors assume the knowledge of these properties, so they do not bother to prove the properties. The properties are therefore proved to serve as a reference for any work that would want to use the properties without proofs. This work argues that we can obtain the solution of differential equation through these proofs by using the DTM. The result also show that the technique introduced here is accurate and easy to apply.
Elemental Contamination in Various Species of Birds from Select States in India
Authors: Venkatasalam Kirubhanandhini , Subramanian Muralidharan , Kittusamy Ganesan , Jadhav Shashikant Shivaji
Published: August 2021

With the aim, to assess the magnitude of elemental contamination in birds in select states in India, samples of bird tissues were analyzed for copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr), with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Elements were detected in all the tissues and significant differences were noted in their concentrations among the species and tissues (P>0.05). Out of the 10 species analyzed, Bar – headed Goose and Red – wattled Lapwing accumulated the highest and Eurasian Collared – dove the lowest concentration of all the elements analyzed. Of all the tissues, kidney accumulated the maximum concentration of Pb (11.77 μg/g), Cd (17.06 μg/g) and Cr (16.08 μg/g). Apart from the organs studied, gut content also had notable levels of elements, which indicated the present contamination status of the environment. Nonetheless, the levels of most of the elements measured in the present study were considered non-toxic.
Modified Form of Cayley Hash Function
Authors: Vibitha Kochamani V. , Lilly P. L.
Published: August 2021

In 1994 (AT CRYPTO94) introduced the celebrated Zemor-Tillich hash function over SL2(F2n) is mathematically very efficient and simple method but now finally it was broken by Grassl et al., 2011. Yet with a new choice of generators Zemor-Tillich constructions still remains of interest and a lot of construction was based on this type of hash function was created. One of our new construction is the devised Hash Function as follows: to an arbitrary text of {0, 1} *, associate the string of {A, B} obtained by substituting 0 for A and 1 for B, then assign to A and B values of adequately chosen matrices of Heis(Z). Now, in this paper we suggest a new version of a Cayley hash function using a discrete Heisenberg group. The Hashed value is the computed product. We improved the security Properties of the Cayley Hash Function. Here we hold a different concept to form a Factorisation Problem harder. We hold an efficient way to impose limits on the type of factorisations for attacking H.
Edge Waves in an Initially Stressed Visco-Poroelastic Plate under Plane Stress Condition
Authors: . Rajitha Gurijala , Perati Malla Reddy
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the propagation of edge waves in a homogeneous visco-poroelastic plate which is initially stressed in horizontal direction. The pertinent governing equations are derived and the frequency equation is obtained in the framework of Biot’s theory. Frequency and attenuation are computed as a function of wavenumber. For the numerical process, solids namely, sandstone saturated with kerosene, sandstone saturated with water is considered and the results are presented graphically.
Norm Convergence in the Space of Hyper-functions
Authors: Deepthi A. N. , Mangalambal N. R.
Published: August 2021

Classical Mathematics is not sufficient to justify some functions like Dirac’s delta function, Heaviside’s unit step function in the mathematical modelling of some physical problems. Mikio Sato introduced the concept of hyperfunction to explain such situations. He gave a new generalisation to such functions using the theory of complex analysis. Hyperfunctions have many applications in the field of differential equations that are related with the physical problems involving Heat equation, wave equation etc. Urs Graf applied various transforms to hyperfunctions. With the help of these transforms he solved differential equations in terms of hyperfunctions. In this paper we defined a norm to a subclass of the linear space of hyperfunctions. The completeness and separability properties of this subfamily of hyperfunctions are established in this paper. Hyperfunctions of bounded exponential growth with compact support are mainly considering here.We have developed the results using the defining function of the hyperfunction. Hence we give a normed space approach to the subfamily of hyperfunctions having bounded exponential growth with compact support.Mathematics Subject Classification: 46F15, 46BXX
Pivoting Lean Manufacturing through Industry 4.0 in the Indian Context
Authors: Basu Protik , Dan Pranab K.
Published: August 2021

Industry 4.0 and lean management both focus on increasing productivity of industrial systems. Industry 4.0 is foreseen to revolutionize today’s manufacturing environment whereas lean management is an integrated techno-operational system which has gained increasing importance in recent times to bring about a competitive state in an organization. Though in the last three decades there have been rigorous studies on lean manufacturing (LM), its implementation in the Indian manufacturing domain is still in its nascent stage. A lack of research to explore the potential use of Industry 4.0 is also noted. Research work on the compatibility of Industry 4.0 with LM is scarce and any study on the role of Industry 4.0 on LM in the Indian manufacturing sector is practically unavailable. The aim of this research is to explore how the fourth industrial revolution, referred to as Industry 4.0, can strategize LM in the Indian manufacturing context. Empirical studies have disclosed that Indian managers are hesitant to go for automation and technological developments. Results of this work reveal that there needs to be a change in attitude and approach. Lean implementers in India need to embrace Industry 4.0 to pivot LM by automating through Cyber-Physical Systems and creating a flexible design and production model of customized and smart products.
Phytochemicals: Extraction and Preliminary Investigation of Bioactive Compounds from Rumex Vesicarius and Terminalia Catappa Plant
Authors: Suryavanshi Anandika , Saxena Anand Murari
Published: August 2021

The present study was carried out for the determination of bioactive compounds from different extracts of Terminalia catappa and Rumex vesicarius. The plants are mines of several bioactive compounds also called as phytochemical compounds. These bioactive compounds are responsible for imparting such a potential medicinal property in the plants. The medicinal plant contains various types of bioactive compounds including phenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, glycosides, flavonoids etc. These bioactive compounds take part in various metabolic pathways and impart their effect. Terminalia catappa and Rumex vesicarius are such medicinal plants which are being used for medicinal purposes for long time. Both of them are rich source of potential bioactive compounds and hence carry out several biological activities effective for the treatment of various diseases. Hence the study focuses on determining the types of bioactive compounds they acquire. For this the leaves of T. catappa and dry stems of R. vesicarius were used for the extraction using different solvents with soxhlet method. The extract of different solvents was analyzed for the phytochemical test. The results obtained revealed that the type of solvents is crucial in determining the type of bioactive compounds to be present in extract. The results showed that ethanol and methanol are good solvent choice for extraction for these two plants. The results concludes that the presence of such potential and effective bioactive compounds in their extract makes them important medicinal plants and are hence employed for several researches and also used for treatment of various kinds of diseases.
Recent Trends in Digital Marketing to Develop the Marketing Strategies for Every Marketer
Authors: Memon U. Y. , Khandre Yogesh
Published: August 2021

The overall marketing situation is rapidly converting over the last few years. With this modification it has a positive impact on the developing economies. Moreover this has led to high general of living, excessive in step with capita income and thereby contributing to the economic development. It is now not a seller’s market and over the years, it has emerge as one of the largest customer markets within the world. Today, the market for the developing economies is based totally on the right competition principle with the presence of both buyers and sellers. Therefore purpose of this paper is, first, to review and recognize standards of digital marketing secondly, to speak about various present day developments in digital advertising and marketing and, lastly, to talk about and summarize the destiny of digital advertising and marketing.
Cloud Based Secured Log Retrieval Using Fully Homomorphic Encryption
Authors: Rasina Begum B. , Chithra P.
Published: August 2021

Cloud computing provides a scalable platform for growing amount of data and processes that work on various applications and services by means of on-demand service providing. The storage services offered by clouds have become a new profit growth by providing a comparably cheapest, scalable, location-independent platform for managing users’ data. Client uses the cloud storage and enjoys the high-quality applications and services from a shared pool of configurable computing resources using cloud services. It reduces the trouble of local data storage and maintenance. But it gives severe security threats toward users’ outsourced data. Maintaining the log record securely over extended period is very crucial to the proper functioning of any organization. Log holds the record of system events specially user activities. It is the main target for malicious attackers. An attacker, breaking into a system would not try to leave traces of his or her activities behind. This proposed work mainly concentrates on the problem of log security in cloud computing system and using fully homomorphism encryption algorithm in the cloud computing log data.
A Tracer Study on Business Administration Program Outcomes
Authors: Micabalo Kingie G. , Montilla Ryan D.
Published: August 2021

Program Outcomes speak to comprehensive explanations that consolidate numerous zones between related information and aptitudes created over the program’s span of broad scope of courses and encounters. This investigation assesses the realization of the Business Administration Program Outcomes for the Year 2015-2019. The respondents were 673 alumni from the University of Cebu- Lapu Lapu and Mandaue. Descriptive survey method was utilized as an examination instrument on snowball sampling. The discoveries uncovered program outcomes that (1) meets the current demand and needs of the industry in the areas of human resource, marketing, accounting, and finance; (2) Communicate and collaborate effectively; and (3) Adhere strictly to professional, ethical standards were realized by the alumni understudies. Program outcomes: (4) Contribute to socio-economic development and environmental sustainability; and (5) Utilizing information technology were less realized. The examination concluded that business management research-based guidelines ought to be actualized and continued. Outcome-Based Teaching and Learning ought to be received to empower understudies to create aptitudes required in the course. Community services spreading business and management development should be adjusted each semester to guarantee maintainability in community vocation programs. Furthermore, Progression of mechanical approach to managing training and learning requests to improved adaption on the new trend and innovations of the money managers and business people.
The Effects of Sodium Hydroxide and Soda AQ Content on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Waste Flax Fibre Pulp Reinforced Polymer Composite Sheet
Authors: Kumar Anupam , . Ramratan , Kumar Rohit
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is utilized agricultural waste which may be profitable, pollution free and economically viable for the farmer and industries. In this experiment short flax fiber pulp is the natural fiber component chemically treated with alkaline solutions. Six specimens will be prepared in different volume percentage of flax fiber pulp and epoxy resin in order to get more accurate results. In this study it has been aimed to use flax fibres in composite materials and to study the mechanical properties of the produced samples. The mechanical tests results (thickness test, Tensile strength and impact strength tests) and SEM micrographs indicated flax fibres as an alternative natural fibre source for developing reinforced composites for various industries. The content of short flax fiber pulp is varied (35%, 45%, 55%) weight percentage whereas the epoxy resin is varied (50%, 40%, 30%) percentage is kept constant 15% in hardener. All the sample have been tested in universal testing machine as per ASTM standard for tensile strength and impact strength it is observed that composite with 35% flax fiber pulp is having highest tensile strength of 4 mm (4.57 Mpa) and 8 mm (6.04 Mpa). The impact strength of composite with 35% flax fiber pulp was highest than 45% to 55% flax fiber pulp.
Performance Analysis of Smart Stick Designed for Visually Impaired People Using GSM and GPS
Authors: Amutha Priya N. , Sahaya Sathesh Raj S. , Siva K. , Vetha Jebarson R. , Vignesh P.
Published: August 2021

Visual impairment burdens the people heavily in today’s fast-moving culture. Although there are several measures for this impairment, many people skip such chances in fear of their economic condition. In view of helping those people, a sophisticated stick is designed using sensors like ultrasonic sensor, IR sensor and Arduino ICs. Electronically designed walking stick helps to trace the locations using GPS module and to avoid collisions through detection of objects at a certain range of distance from the person in all directions. Sensor placed beneath the bottom of the stick enables the identification of pits/hindrances on the ground. The visually impaired person will be alerted with a voice message generated using the voice recorder which records the response of all the sensors operating in different tracks. In this paper, GSM and sensors together have initiated the role of smart walking stick in the life of several human kinds.
Zero Cement Concrete with Self-Curing Technology: An Overview
Authors: Anuja N. , Mohammed Yasar A.
Published: August 2021

Geopolymer concrete is the concept of environmental friendly construction material which helps in reducing the greenhouse gas emission, however it cannot be applied directly on field due to its steam curing process. To overcome this defect various researcher have found self-curing or ambient curing process to achieve same strength as in steam curing process for geopolymer. This paper presents an over review about self-cured or ambient cured geopolymer concrete produced by various methods.