bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Toxin Genes in Clinical Isolates of Clostridium perfringens: Coexistence of Alpha-Toxin Variant and Binary Enterotoxin Genes (bec/cpile)
Authors: Matsuda Asami , Aung Meiji , Urushibara Noriko , Kawaguchiya Mitsuyo , Sumi Ayako , Nakamura Mayumi , Horino Yuka , Ito Masahiko , Habadera Satoshi , Kobayashi Nobumichi
Published: June 2019

Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is responsible for food-borne gastroenteritis and other infectious diseases, and toxins produced by this bacterium play a key role in pathogenesis. Although various toxins have been described for C. perfringens isolates from humans and animals, prevalence of individual toxins among clinical isolates has not yet been well explored. In the present study, a total of 798 C. perfringens clinical isolates were investigated for prevalence of eight toxin genes and their genetic diversity by PCR, nucleotide sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Besides the alpha-toxin gene (plc) present in all the isolates, the most common toxin gene was cpe (enterotoxin) (34.2%), followed by cpb2 (beta2 toxin) (1.4%), netB (NetB) (0.3%), and bec/cpile (binary enterotoxin BEC/CPILE) (0.1%), while beta-, epsilon-, and iota-toxin genes were not detected. Genetic analysis of toxin genes indicated a high level of conservation of plc, cpe, and netB. In contrast, cpb2 was revealed to be considerably divergent, containing at least two lineages. Alpha-toxin among 46 isolates was classified into ten sequence types, among which common types were distinct from those reported for avian isolates. A single isolate with bec/cpile harbored a plc variant containing an insertion of 834-bp sequence, suggesting its putative origin from chickens.
Q Fever in the First Trimester: A Case Report from Northern Rural New South Wales
Authors: Marks Sarah , Olenski Maxwell
Published: June 2019

Pregnant women are significantly more likely to have an asymptomatic acute infection with C. burnetii which, untreated, has been associated with poor obstetric outcomes including miscarriage, stillbirth, intrauterine growth restriction, and premature delivery. As such, Q fever is a potentially under-recognised and treatable cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes in rural Northern New South Wales, with testing of Q fever polymerase chain reaction (PCR)—whether on maternal sera or placental tissue—not currently recommended by the Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand for Stillbirth.
Surveillance for Adenoviruses in Bats in Italy
Authors: Diakoudi Georgia , Lanave Gianvito , Moreno Ana , Chiapponi Chiara , Sozzi Enrica , Prosperi Alice , Larocca Vittorio , Losurdo Michele , Decaro Nicola , Martella Vito , Lavazza Antonio , Lelli Davide
Published: June 2019

Adenoviruses are important pathogens of humans and animals. Bats have been recognized as potential reservoirs of novel viruses, with some viruses being regarded as a possible zoonotic threat to humans. In this study, we report the detection and analysis of adenoviruses from different bat species in northern Italy. Upon sequence and phylogenetic analysis, based on a short diagnostic fragment of the highly-conserved DNA polymerase gene, we identified potential novel candidate adenovirus species, including an avian-like adenovirus strain. An adenovirus isolate was obtained in simian cell lines from the carcass of a Pipistrellus kuhlii, and the complete genome sequence was reconstructed using deep sequencing technologies. The virus displayed high nucleotide identity and virtually the same genome organization as the Pipistrellus pipistrellus strain PPV1, isolated in Germany in 2007. Gathering data on epidemiology and the genetic diversity of bat adenoviruses may be helpful to better understand their evolution in the mammalian and avian hosts.
Bafilomycin A1 and U18666A Efficiently Impair ZIKV Infection
Authors: Sabino Catarina , Basic Michael , Bender Daniela , Elgner Fabian , Himmelsbach Kiyoshi , Hildt Eberhard
Published: June 2019

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a highly transmissive virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family, which comprises several other pathogens that threaten human health. This re-emerging virus gained attention during the outbreak in Brazil in 2016, where a considerable number of microcephaly cases in newborns was associated with ZIKV infection during pregnancy. Lacking a preventive vaccine or antiviral drugs, efforts have been made to better understand the viral life cycle. In light of this, the relevance of the endosomal–lysosomal compartment for the ZIKV life cycle was investigated. A549 and SH-SY5Y cells were infected with either the African strain (associated with mild symptoms) or the French Polynesia strain (associated with neurological complications). For both strains, the V-ATPase inhibitor, bafilomycin A1, efficiently inhibited ZIKV entry and prevented the spread of the infection by interfering with viral maturation. Additionally, affecting cholesterol metabolism and transport with the drug U18666A, which inactivates late endosomes and lysosomes, impairs the viral life cycle. The data presented show a clear antiviral effect of two compounds that target the same compartments in different ways. This highlights the relevance of the endosomal–lysosomal compartment for the viral life cycle that should be considered as a target for antivirals.
Isolation and Characterization T4- and T7-Like Phages that Infect the Bacterial Plant Pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: Attai Hedieh , Brown Pamela J.B.
Published: June 2019

In the rhizosphere, bacteria–phage interactions are likely to have important impacts on the ecology of microbial communities and microbe–plant interactions. To better understand the dynamics of Agrobacteria–phage interactions, we have isolated diverse bacteriophages which infect the bacterial plant pathogen, Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Here, we complete the genomic characterization of Agrobacterium tumefaciens phages Atu_ph04 and Atu_ph08. Atu_ph04—a T4-like phage belonging to the Myoviridae family—was isolated from waste water and has a 143,349 bp genome that encodes 223 predicted open reading frames (ORFs). Based on phylogenetic analysis and whole-genome alignments, Atu_ph04 is a member of a newly described T4 superfamily that contains other Rhizobiales-infecting phages. Atu_ph08, a member of the Podoviridae T7-like family, was isolated from waste water, has a 59,034 bp genome, and encodes 75 ORFs. Based on phylogenetic analysis and whole-genome alignments, Atu_ph08 may form a new T7 superfamily which includes Sinorhizobium phage PCB5 and Ochrobactrum phage POI1126. Atu_ph08 is predicted to have lysogenic activity, as we found evidence of an integrase and several transcriptional repressors with similarity to proteins in transducing phage P22. Together, this data suggests that Agrobacterium phages are diverse in morphology, genomic content, and lifestyle.
Genetic Characterization of a Recombinant Myxoma Virus in the Iberian Hare (Lepus granatensis)
Authors: Águeda-Pinto Ana , Lemos de Matos Ana , Abrantes Mário , Kraberger Simona , Risalde Maria A. , Gortázar Christian , McFadden Grant , Varsani Arvind , Esteves Pedro J.
Published: June 2019

Myxomatosis is a lethal disease in wild European and domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), which is caused by a Myxoma virus (MYXV) infection—a leporipoxvirus that is found naturally in some Sylvilagus rabbit species in South America and California. The introduction of MYXV into feral European rabbit populations of Australia and Europe, in the early 1950s, demonstrated the best-documented field example of host–virus coevolution, following a cross-species transmission. Recently, a new cross-species jump of MYXV has been suggested in both Great Britain and Spain, where European brown hares (Lepus europaeus) and Iberian hares (Lepus granatensis) were found dead with lesions consistent with those observed in myxomatosis. To investigate the possibility of a new cross-species transmission event by MYXV, tissue samples collected from a wild Iberian hare found dead in Spain (Toledo region) were analyzed and deep sequenced. Our results reported a new MYXV isolate (MYXV Toledo) in the tissues of this species. The genome of this new virus was found to encode three disruptive genes (M009L, M036L, and M152R) and a novel ~2.8 kb recombinant region, which resulted from an insertion of four novel poxviral genes towards the 3’ end of the negative strand of its genome. From the open reading frames inserted into the MYXV Toledo virus, a new orthologue of a poxvirus host range gene family member was identified, which was related to the MYXV gene M064R. Overall, we confirmed the identity of a new MYXV isolate in Iberian hares, which, we hypothesized, was able to more effectively counteract the host defenses in hares and start an infectious process in this new host.
Childhood Immunization in Ethiopia: Accuracy of Maternal Recall Compared to Vaccination Cards
Authors: Porth Julia M. , Wagner Abram L. , Tefera Yemesrach A. , Boulton Matthew L.
Published: June 2019

Health surveys conducted in low- and middle-income countries typically estimate childhood vaccination status based on written vaccination cards, maternal recall (when cards are not available), or a combination of both. This analysis aimed to assess the accuracy of maternal recall of a child’s vaccination status in Ethiopia. Data came from a 2016 cross-sectional study conducted in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ (SNNP) Region of Ethiopia. Vaccine doses received by a given 12–23-month-old child were recorded from both a vaccination card and based on maternal recall and then compared. Concordance, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and Cohen’s Kappa were calculated. Estimates of full immunization coverage were similar when collected via vaccination card (75%) and maternal recall (74%). For fully vaccinated children, comparison of maternal recall versus vaccination card showed high concordance (96%), sensitivity (97%), specificity (93%), PPV (98%), NPV (92%), and Kappa (90%). Accuracy of maternal recall of a child’s vaccination status is high in the SNNP region of Ethiopia. Although determination of vaccination status via vaccination card is preferred since it constitutes a written record, maternal recall can also be used with confidence when vaccination cards are not available.
Epidemiology of Breed-Related Mast Cell Tumour Occurrence and Prognostic Significance of Clinical Features in a Defined Population of Dogs in West-Central Italy
Authors: Pierini Alessio , Lubas George , Gori Eleonora , Binanti Diana , Millanta Francesca , Marchetti Veronica
Published: June 2019

Canine mast cell tumours (MCTs) present a wide variety of challenging clinical behaviours in terms of predicting the prognosis and choosing appropriate treatment. This study investigated the frequency, risk, and prognostic factors of MCTs in dogs admitted to a single veterinary teaching hospital (VTH). Breed, age, sex, and sexual status in ninety-eight dogs with MCTs (MCT-group) were compared with a control group of 13,077 dogs (VTH-group) obtained from the VTH clinical database from January 2010 to January 2016. Within the MCT-group, signalment, location, size, mass number, ulceration, histopathological grading, presence of lymph node, or distant metastases were compared with each other and with the outcome. Boxers (OR 7.2), American Pit Bull Terriers (OR 5.4), French Bulldogs (OR 4.4) and Labrador Retrievers (OR 2.6) were overrepresented. The MCT-group was significantly older than the VTH-group (p < 0.0001). In comparison with the VTH group, in the MCT-group neutered dogs (OR 2.1) and spayed females (OR 2.3) were predominant compared to intact dogs and intact females, respectively. Ulceration (OR 5.2) and lymph node metastasis (OR 7.1) occurred more frequently in larger MCTs. Both ulceration and MCTs > 3 cm were highly associated with lymph node metastasis (OR 24.8). Recurrence was associated with MCT-related death (OR 10.50, p = 0.0040), and the latter was associated with shorter survival times (p = 0.0115). Dogs with MCTs > 3 cm (p = 0.0040), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0234), or elevated WHO stage (p = 0.0158) had shorter survival times. A significantly higher frequency of MCTs was found in specific breeds, and in older and neutered dogs. MCTs > 3 cm and lymph node or distant metastases were associated with shorter survival times.
Water Table Trend—A Sustainability Status of Groundwater Development in North-West Bangladesh
Authors: Mojid Mohammad A. , Parvez Mohammad F. , Mainuddin Mohammed , Hodgson Geoff
Published: June 2019

Historical trends of the annual maximum and minimum depths of groundwater tables (GWTs) that are indicative of sustainability status of groundwater resources still remain inadequately studied in the North-West (NW) hydrological region of Bangladesh. This study aimed at evaluating long-term (1985–2016) trends of GWTs of 350 monitoring wells and their impacts on groundwater development status in that region. The trends of the annual maximum and minimum depths of GWTs were determined and evaluated by using MAKESENS trend model. The functionality of suction-mode pumps was identified based on the annual maximum depth of GWTs. A significant (p ≤ 0.05) falling trend of the annual maximum depths of GWTs in 65.71% of the monitoring wells revealed continuous increase in groundwater abstraction. A significant falling trend of the annual minimum depths of GWTs in 69.71% of the monitoring wells revealed groundwater mining. GWTs remained below the suction limit (≈6 m) for 3 to 6 months in each year in 59.72% of the monitoring wells and for the whole year in 15.14% of the monitoring wells, making suction-mode pumps inoperable and creating domestic water scarcity. Therefore, groundwater extraction in many locations has become unsustainable, and hence, measures such as artificial recharge to the aquifers and water-saving technologies are needed to prevent groundwater mining.
A randomised controlled trial of the effect of providing online risk information and lifestyle advice for the most common preventable cancers
Authors: Masson Golnessa , Mills Katie , Griffin Simon J , Sharp Stephen J , Klein William MP , Sutton Stephen , Usher-Smith Juliet A
Published: June 2019

Background

Prevention offers an effective public health strategy for cancer control. One approach that could be incorporated within general practice is the provision of personalised risk information. Few trial data are available concerning the impact of cancer risk information on behaviour.

Aim

To assess the short-term effects on computed cancer risk and self-reported health-related behaviours of providing personalised cancer risk information.

Method

A total of 1018 participants, recruited through the online platform Prolific, were randomised to either a control group receiving cancer-specific lifestyle advice alone or one of three intervention groups receiving the same lifestyle advice alongside their estimated 10-year risk of developing one of the five most common preventable cancers. Cancer risk was calculated from self-reported behavioural risk factors and presented in one of three formats: bar-chart, pictograph, or qualitative scale. The primary outcome was change from baseline in computed risk relative to an individual with a recommended lifestyle (RRI) at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included: self-reported health-related behaviours, accuracy of risk perception, risk conviction, anxiety, worry, intention to change behaviour, self-efficacy, and response-efficacy.

Results

At immediate follow-up, accuracy of risk perception (P<0.001), risk conviction (P <0.001), and response-efficacy (P = 0.04) increased in all intervention groups. After 3 months there were no between-group differences in change in RRI (P = 0.68) or any of the secondary outcomes.

Conclusion

This study has shown that a risk communication intervention can increase short-term risk accuracy and response efficacy and for the first time that risk conviction can be manipulated through risk communication. However, these effects were not sustained over time or associated with behaviour change.
Health experiences of asylum seekers and refugees in Wales
Authors: Russell Ian , Khanom Ashrafunessa , Richardson Gill , Russell Daphne , Scott Rebecca , Snooks Helen
Published: June 2019

Background

The numbers of asylum seekers and refugees in Wales have recently increased sharply, but we know little of their health experiences.

Aim

To investigate asylum seekers’ and refugees’ experiences of health care, especially what helped or hindered.

Method

Eight volunteer peer researchers were recruited from asylum-seeking and refugee communities; and trained to run the quantitative survey. They worked in small groups with support from team members. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to describe, analyse, and present results.

Results

The 210 responders included 90 known refugees, 89 known asylum seekers, and 11 known to have been refused asylum. Although 79% of responders reported attending an initial health assessment on arriving in Wales, and 94% reported that they were currently registered with a GP, only 36% found it easy or very easy to make an appointment with their GPs. Awareness of services was mixed: best known was the 999 service, with 77% reporting that they knew how to access it. Sixty-six per cent reported using health care in working hours, and 28% reported use out of hours. Key influences on these statistics included knowledge of the NHS and how to navigate it, language barriers, and cultural factors.

Conclusion

This study provides valuable insight into asylum seekers’ and refugees’ experiences of health care. Together with our complementary qualitative study it suggests that a compassionate approach to providing care, building on existing good practice, and with additional resources for training and support services, can reduce healthcare inequalities for asylum seekers and refugees.
Can a mobile app improve mental health service use in 16–25-year olds? An analysis of Afloat
Authors: Chadha Komal
Published: June 2019

Background

Seventy-five per cent of mental health conditions arise before the age of 18 years. However, 18–24-year olds are the least likely to receive care. Barriers to accessing treatment in this group are thought to include a lack of awareness of available services and stigma. eHealth is a strong means of connecting with this vulnerable group.

Aim

To develop a mobile app which facilitates access to mental health care for young people and to assess its potential impact on service use.

Method

In total 127 participants aged 16–25 years and living in the UK were recruited. Questionnaires were used to assess their mental health status, mental health literacy, resource use, barriers to support, and confidence levels. They were then each invited to download the new Afloat app. After using the app for 3 months these parameters were reassessed via follow-up questionnaires.

Results

Preliminary results from 57 participants showed that 50% of users said they would be more likely to seek help for mental health issues and 50% had more confidence to do so as a result of Afloat. The majority of users said that the app had no impact on their service use. For all services including mental health specialist, GP, medication, online support/apps and hospital/A&E Afloat was more likely to increase rather than decrease service use. The remaining responses are being analysed.

Conclusion

The app may help to increase mental health service use in this cohort. A longer trial with qualitative analysis would help to ascertain if these changes were sustained and appropriate.
Socioeconomic deprivation and benzodiazepine/Z-drug prescribing: a cross-sectional study of practice-level data in England
Authors: Soyombo Stephanie , Aujla Harpal , Stanbrook Rhian , Capewell David , Shantikumar Mary , Todkill Daniel , Shantikumar Saran
Published: June 2019

Background

Benzodiazepines and Z-drugs (such as zopiclone) are widely prescribed in primary care in England. Prescribed for various indications, such as anxiolysis and insomnia, it has been previously reported that an association may exist with deprivation.

Aim

To determine whether there was an association between benzodiazepine/Z-drug prescribing (overall, and by individual drug) and practice-level socioeconomic deprivation in England.

Method

Monthly primary care prescribing data for 2017, as well as practice age and sex profile, were downloaded from NHS Digital. Prescribing was aggregated by year. Drug doses were converted to their milligram-equivalent of diazepam to allow comparison. Practice-level Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD 2015) scores were obtained from Public Health England. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the association between IMD and prescribing (for all benzodiazepines/Z-drugs, and individually), after adjusting for practice sex (% male) and older age (% >65 years) distribution. Practice-level prescribing was defined as milligrams of diazepam-equivalent per 1000 registered patients in 2017.

Results

On univariate analysis, overall benzodiazepine prescribing was positively associated with practice-level IMD score, with more prescribing in more deprived practices (P<0.001). After adjusting for practice age and sex profile, IMD score remained an independent predictor of prescribing levels (P<0.001). These associations were consistent for all benzodiazepines/Z-drugs when analysed separately.

Conclusion

Higher practice-level socioeconomic deprivation, as described by IMD score, was associated with increased benzodiazepine/Z-drug prescribing. This may, in part, be a reflection of an underlying association of the indications for prescribing and socioeconomic deprivation. Further work is required to more accurately define the underlying reasons for these associations.
MEMORABLE: MEdication Management in Older people: Realist Approaches Based on Literature and Evaluation
Authors: Maidment Ian
Published: June 2019

Background

Older people are major users of medication. As people get age, the balance between benefits and harms for medication changes. Medication management by healthcare practitioners (for example, pharmacists, doctors, and nurses) is designed to help older people take the appropriate medication. Current evidence indicates that medication management is a complex process that is not easy to do well.

Aim

The aim of MEMORABLE, funded by the NIHR, is to understand how medication management works and how it might be implemented effectively.

Method

MEMORABLE uses realism to understand how, why, for whom, and in what circumstances medicines management works. Realism is a theory-driven approach using primary and secondary data to make sense of complex interventions (for example medicines management), where outcomes are context sensitive. This is the first-time worldwide that realism has been used for this long-standing problem. MEMORABLE uses the literature (secondary data) and interviews (primary data). Data will be synthesised across datasets to set out and refine programme theories, about how medication management works, and develop a framework to improve practice.

Results

Three candidate programme theories (older people, informal carers, and practitioners) were identified from the literature and interviews. These programme theories will be explored against a 5-stage medication management process, conceived as a framework for analysis of the data. Emerging mechanisms of interest, burden, capacity, and needs/concerns are being explored.

Conclusion

MEMORABLE, which ended in December 2018, is using an innovative methodology, applied collaboratively, to develop an outcome-focused, evidence-based framework enhance medication management.
Understanding the learning needs of London-based GP trainees in conducting telephone consultations
Authors: Chaudhry Umar , Ibison Judith , Harris Tess , Rafi Imran , Johnston Miles , Fawns Tim
Published: June 2019

Background

Telehealth care and telephone consultations are increasingly used in primary care for daily triage, patient reviews, and providing clinical information; however little is known about the perceptions of GP trainees.

Aim

To investigate the knowledge and skills of GP trainees in conducting telephone consultations; evaluate their current experiences and learning needs; and identify future training considerations based on feedback received.

Method

Using a mixed-methods approach, a cross-sectional quantitative survey of North Central and East London (NCEL) GP trainees was initially performed. This was followed-up by qualitative semi-structured interviews, which allowed deeper exploration of themes.

Results

In total 100 trainees responded to the survey, and eight proceeded with interviews. Trainees were least confident in independently undertaking more complex aspects of telephone consulting, and there was a positive correlation between training received and confidence to work independently. Despite positive and negative experiences, trainees felt that there were gaps in their training and significant differences in overall confidence, supervision and feedback among different training grades and between in-hours and out-of-hours practice. Future considerations included curricular promotion, increased trainer-trainee observations using audio-clinical observation tools or simulated practice, and consideration of formal training.

Conclusion

This project has shed light on the current learning, feedback, and assessment practices of GP trainees in conducting telephone consultations. Further evaluation will provide a helpful guide to various stakeholders, foresee any challenges and inform a wider debate among postgraduate learners regarding their training for the use of technology in healthcare.
An investigation into the early career intentions and training experiences of newly qualified GPs
Authors: Gibson Jon , Spooner Sharon , Hawthorne Kamila , Johnsen Lisa , Sutton Matt
Published: June 2019

Background

Many UK areas are experiencing a shortage of GPs. Shortages present issues both for patients, who may not be able to get timely access to care, and GPs who may struggle to deliver high quality care when time is limited. Although several studies have shown how many new doctors intend to train as GPs, little is known about their career intentions as they complete training.

Aim

To gather cross-sectional evidence on how well prepared and motivated new GPs feel on completion of GP specialty training. Collect data about specific aspects of training, perceptions of GP work and what determines career planning and therefore their availability in the future GP workforce.

Method

An online questionnaire emailed to GPs within 1-year post certificate of completion of training. Recruitment via RCGP email and further publicity via social media.

Results

Although data collection is ongoing anticipated findings include indications of how responders could be better prepared for their roles and data on their level of commitment to substantive GP work and how they perceive future work (GP or other).

Conclusion

Sustained recruitment and retention of GPs is central for building a sustainable future GP workforce. Findings from this study will add information about what influences GP career intentions. In the context of shifting policies, practices, and expectations, these data are essential underpinnings for GP training and workforce planning.
A systematic review of routine HIV testing in primary care
Authors: Pahal Amandeep , Wignakumar Anjelli , Shenoy Riddhi , Ravimohan Ragul , Singh Harmanjit , Subani Ben , Mattoo Sirtaaj
Published: June 2019

Background

This study aims to contribute to the improvement of European progress towards 90–90–90 targets and to identify an intervention with a strong evidence base used in better performing countries such as routine testing in primary care.

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy of routine HIV testing in primary care and identify the barriers and solutions towards successfully implementation.

Method

Peer-reviewed studies which measure changes in provider offer rates, patient uptake rates, seroprevalence or CD4 counts after the implementation of routine HIV testing. Studies which identified barriers and solution to implementation were also included. EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched through April 2018. Risk of bias was assessed using the CASP framework, regarding participant selection, randomisation incomplete outcome data, blinding, and use of sensitivity analyses.

Results

Routine HIV testing shows increased rates of case finding with earlier diagnosis when compared to standard practice. Factors such as sex, ethnicity, local prevalence, and stigma were found to affect patient uptake, while gaps in training, awareness and organisational implementation affected provider uptake. Provider offer rates require adequate education regarding intervention efficacy, electronic medical record use, and result communication. Addressing time constraints with nurse-initiated testing and combined condition testing can improve the clinical workflow. Normalising HIV testing, including reforming pre-test counselling, rapid testing, and education to reduce stigma can improve patient uptake. Further analysis of cost-effectiveness is also required to effectively consider implementation.

Conclusion

Routine HIV testing across primary care can improve testing rates, with consideration to barriers towards implementation and further study.
Os processos de habilitação
Authors: Rodrigues Aldair Carlos
Published: June 2019

Este artigo busca evidenciar as potencialidades dos processos de habilitação enquanto fontes para a história social do século XVIII lusobrasileiro. Serão enfocadas três tipologias: habilitações para ordens sacras, habilitações do Santo Ofício e habilitações da Ordem de Cristo. Num primeiro momento, o trabalho apresenta a estrutura geral de cada uma delas, descrevendo as suas etapas e os requisitos que apuravam. Em seguida, procura compreender suas funções e seus significados na ordem social do Antigo Regime. Por fim, aponta os cuidados metodológicos que devem ser tomados na recolha, tratamento e análise das informações contidas na documentação.
Fontes para a história da comunicação político-institucional no Brasil-colônia
Authors: Moura Denise A. Soares de
Published: June 2019

O artigo discute o potencial de pesquisa sobre as câmaras municipais na colônia oferecido pela documentação do Conselho Ultramarino digitalizada pelo Projeto Resgate Barão do Rio Branco. Através de um projeto de Extensão realizado com alunos de graduação do curso de História da UNESP foram selecionados aproximadamente 7.980 verbetes de correspondências nos quais as câmaras apareciam como remetentes ou assunto. Este trabalho gerou uma ferramenta de pesquisa disponível on-line e intitulada  “Nas ondas do oceano: o patrimônio históricodocumental das câmaras do Brasil-colônia no acervo do Conselho Ultramarino”. O uso desta ferramenta pode contribuir para a otimização do acesso a um conjunto documental muito conhecido dos historiadores de Brasil-colônia e para a realização de questionamentos mais abrangentes e em perspectiva comparativa de um tema que já conta com uma densa historiografia, como o das câmaras municipais.
Linear B, uma introdução
Authors: Monzani Juliana Caldeira
Published: June 2019

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Os papéis da Inquisição. Conservação e dispersão na Europa, América e Ásia
Authors: Lourenço Miguel Rodrigues , Mateus Susana Bastos , Puga Gabriel Torres
Published: June 2019

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Documentación inquisitorial en los archivos de la ciudad de Valencia (España)
Authors: Cruselles Gómez Enrique , Cruselles Gómez José María , Manclús Cuñat Irene , Carbonell Boria María José
Published: June 2019

La ciudad de Valencia conserva documentos de la Inquisición española en tres de sus archivos históricos: Archivo del Reino de Valencia, Archivo de la Universidad de Valencia y Archivo de la Catedral de Valencia. Una parte de estos fondos tuvo su origen en los procedimientos de inspección contable utilizados en los cuarenta años que siguieron a la creación del organismo a fi nales del siglo XV. La otra procede de la dispersión sufrida por el Archivo del Secreto tras la supresión de los tribunales en el siglo XIX, y su carácter y funcionalidad no difi ere en absoluto de la abundante documentación conservada en el Archivo Histórico Nacional (Madrid).
Marco jurídico da comunidade muçulmana na Espanha:
Authors: Gallego Esther Solano
Published: June 2019

O artigo analisa a situação jurídica e a organização representativa institucional da comunidade muçulmana de Espanha, focando, fundamentalmente, no estudo dos Acordos de Cooperação entre o Estado Espanhol e a Comissão Islâmica da Espanha em 1992. Estes Acordos, assinados, analogamente, com judeus e evangélicos, criam o marco legal de uma série de benefícios fiscais, laborais, educativos e sociais para as entidades islâmicas pertencentes à CIE, graças à denominação de religião de notório arraigo, concedida pela administração espanhola à religião islâmica. O estudo revisará os Acordos, os benefícios outorgados e os principais inconvenientes que impedem a viabilidade de alguns deles.
Ponto final
Authors: Souza Ismara Izepe de
Published: June 2019

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A GUERRA NO “LONGO SÉCULO XIX
Authors: Parisi Maurício Orestes
Published: June 2019

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Entrevista com o prof. Bernard Lahire
Authors: Lahire Bernard
Published: June 2019

A Revista Olh@res entrevistou o sociólogo e professor Bernard Lahire, da Universidade de Lyon II, na França e diretor do Grupo de Pesquisa sobre Socialização (CNRS). No Brasil, conhecido principalmente pela obra Sucesso Escolar nos Meio Populares as razões do improvável,Lahire tem influenciado sociólogos, pesquisadores das mais diversas áreas da Educação, além de psicólogos e linguistas aplicados. Dedicou-se a estudos sobre as formas populares de apropriação da escrita; a relação entre o sucesso escolar e a necessidade de criação de condições culturais e pedagógicas satisfatórias às crianças e suas famílias, entre outros. Atualmente,segundo o próprio autor, afastou-se provisoriamente da sociologia da educação e vem se aproximando de estudos sobre práticas culturais, mais especificamente, sobre as condições de vida de escritores.
Exercício docente na prisão por educadoras presas: formação e prática pedagógica
Authors: Penna Marieta Gouvea de Oliveira , Silva Andressa Baldini
Published: June 2019

Apresenta-se neste artigo resultado de pesquisa[1] com educadoras presas, com objetivo de travar discussão sobre a formação em serviço por elas recebida, relacionando-a a aspectos de sua prática docente e da construção de sua identidade profissional. A coleta dos dados se deu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com a equipe técnica da Fundação Professor Manoel Pedro Pimentel (gerente regional, supervisor e monitora orientadora) e duas educadoras presas. Os referenciais teóricos utilizados para a compreensão da formação, dos saberes mobilizados pelas educadoras em suas ações e de aspectos de sua identidade profissional são Maurice Tardif e Carlos Marcelo Garcia.  Foi possível evidenciar fragilidades na formação das educadoras presas, que não possuem a formação inicial exigida para o exercício da docência. Ao serem formadas no exercício da função, não encontram espaço para significar sua prática pedagógica, pautada em modelos que adquiriram quando alunas, e na qual se destaca empenho pessoal das educadoras. [1] Trata-se de pesquisa de Iniciação Científica que contou com financiamento do CNPq
Estágio curricular supervisionado: a formação do professor-colaborador
Authors: Benites Larissa Cerignoni , Cyrino Marina , De Souza Neto Samuel
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo apresenta dois programas de formação para professores das escolas (professores-colaboradores) que recebem estagiários dos cursos de Licenciatura em Educação Física e Pedagogia da Universidade Estadual Paulista – Rio Claro. Com isso, objetivamos: (a) apresentar duas propostas de formação para professores-colaboradores situadas na Unesp - Rio Claro para os cursos de Pedagogia e Educação Física e (b) averiguar como os professores participantes se posicionam frente ao estágio após terem seguido uma formação. Com uma metodologia de natureza qualitativa, realizamos entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observações dos professores-colaboradores e sua relação com os estagiários no momento do estágio. Como resultados, os professores apontam a importância dos cursos de formação como uma preparação para receber estagiários, bem como uma oportunidade de troca com os colegas. Veem sua função como orientadores, passando suas experiências para os estagiários. Concluiu-se que ambas as propostas, em desenvolvimento, contribuem para que os professores se percebam como formadores.
O estágio de observação e as apreciações valorativas dos estagiários
Authors: Ritter Lilian Cristina Buzato , Hila Cláudia Valéria Doná
Published: June 2019

O momento que antecede o estágio de observação é bastante significativo para a análise de apreciações valorativas dos estagiários, pois interferem nos diários de observação de aulas, comumente destituídos de reflexão crítica. Diante desse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo é estabelecer uma análise das apreciações valorativas que os estagiários possuem antes da realização do estágio de observação de aulas de língua portuguesa, no intuito de auxiliar no processo de reflexão crítica desses futuros professores, de modo que  possam transformar as palavras dos outros, no sentido  bakhtiniano, em palavras próprias. O trabalho pauta-se, sobretudo, na perspectiva da Análise Dialógica do Discurso e na concepção dialógica da linguagem (BAKHTIN/VOLOSHINOV, 1988; ACOSTA-PEREIRA; RODRIGUES, 2010) e está inserido em um projeto de pesquisa em andamento “Letramento  para o local de trabalho: práticas de linguagem na formação inicial”, da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, que faz parte do grupo de pesquisa “Interação e escrita” (UEM-CNPq) (www.escrita.uem.br). Palavras-chave: estágio de observação; apreciações  valorativas ; dialogismo.
Diários de estudo como meios para a avaliação da aprendizagem no ensino superior
Authors: Jordão Rosana dos Santos
Published: June 2019

Este trabalho tem como objetivo partilhar nossa experiência com o uso de diários de estudo como meios de avaliação no ensino superior. Chamamos de diários de estudo a produção contínua e reflexiva realizada por alunos de um curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas, no contexto da avaliação formativa. São apresentados e comentados excertos dessas produções, com vistas a apresentar seu potencial mediador na construção e avaliação da aprendizagem universitária. Levantamos, também, algumas dificuldades de implementação de seu uso nas universidades. Esperamos com isso oferecer dados que possam incentivar o uso de diários reflexivos como estratégias de formação e avaliação, não só em cursos de Licenciatura, mas também em outras áreas, de modo a desenvolvermos profissionais mais autônomos e críticos acerca de suas práticas.
O estágio supervisionado na formação do professor de Matemática: refletindo sobre as experiências
Authors: Cedro Wellington Lima
Published: June 2019

Este trabalho constitui-se no relato da experiência de organização do Estágio Supervisionado do curso de licenciatura em Matemática desenvolvida no Instituto de Matemática da Universidade Federal de Goiás (IME/UFG). Desde a promulgação de uma série de diretrizes legais pelo Conselho Nacional de Educação, a formação docente passa a ser compreendida como um processo permanente que envolve tanto a valorização da identidade do professor como da sua profissionalidade. Neste processo de formação docente, um dos elementos curriculares que se coloca como imprescindível é o estágio, que passa a ser concebido como um “campo de conhecimento”, suplantando o tradicional reducionismo ao qual era submetido, quando entendido como uma mera atividade prática. Atendendo a estas novas demandas, o IME/UFG reelaborou a proposta de organização do Estágio Supervisionado. O desenvolvimento desta proposta de organização do Estágio vem oferecendo a nossa comunidade de futuros professores, a oportunidade de colocar-se na perspectiva da busca das verdades sobre as ações que os formam.
A Supervisão dos Estágios de Ensino pelos Professores da Educação Básica: desafios e limitações
Authors: França Dimair Souza
Published: June 2019

O propósito deste texto é discutir o processo de supervisão de estágio realizado pelos professores da educação básica junto aos alunos dos cursos de formação de professores através da análise do papel do professor tutor, bem como evidenciar a importância da tarefa realizada por esses profissionais que recebem e acompanham os alunos estagiários em suas inserções pela escola e pela sala de aula. À medida que novos conhecimentos sobre essa atividade forem trazidos para o debate, será possível evidenciar a importância do processo de constituição do ofício de ensinar, por se constituir no objeto de trabalho de professores e futuros professores que ocorre no contexto da organização escolar e se desenvolve de forma singular, mas não menos determinado pelas condições históricas dadas: possibilidades concretas do exercício da docência, condições de trabalho e salário, adversidades, limitações e desafios postos pela realidade social e educacional.
Olhar pelo buraco da agulha: Pinhole numa proposta de estágio e formação de professores/as em Ciências Sociais
Authors: Gobbi Marcia Aparecida , Stelo Leite Maria Cristina
Published: June 2019

Esse  artigo discute o estágio de formação de alunos e alunas na licenciatura em Ciências Sociais, futuros professores/as de ensino médio, tendo como motivador a apresentação de prática pedagógica utilizando o processo fotográfico pinhole, afirmando que se trata de rica oportunidade de formação. O pinhole é apresentado como oportunidade de problematização de diferentes aspectos da sociedade, encontrando-se com o desejo de questionar o que está posto diante de todos nós: estranhar e desnaturalizar diferentes situações é um dos objetivos. A sociologia da imagem é aqui apresentada de modo breve, pelo “buraco da agulha” numa proposta de estágio considerando modos de ver de alunos/as a partir do pinhole buscando enriquecer a experiência de formação e uso de recurso didático.
Espaços não formais de educação como campo de atuação do licenciado em Ciências Biológicas
Authors: Ferreira Gustavo Lopes , Pacheco Helena Morais , Costa e Silva Luiz Paulo , Nogueira-Ferreira Fernanda , Jacobucci Daniela Franco Carvalho
Published: June 2019

O texto promove reflexões acerca da formação em licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas de bolsistas integrantes do projeto de modernização do Museu de Biodiversidade do Cerrado da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, buscando compreender a contribuição e as limitações dessa no preparo para a atuação em espaço não formal de educação. Percebeu-se que há uma dissonância entre o Projeto Político Pedagógico do curso e as ementas de algumas disciplinas como o Estágio Supervisionado, pois no projeto pedagógico fomenta-se uma formação que capacite o biólogo licenciado a atuar em espaços não formais de educação, porém as disciplinas abarcam de forma incipiente os saberes necessários para atuação nesses locais. Mesmo diante disso, os bolsistas agregaram saberes específicos para atuar em um museu de ciências, vivenciando-os na prática. O impacto dessa experiência sobre suas formações produziu uma identificação com o museu, o que lhes permitiu traçar direcionamentos futuros e prosseguirem atuantes nessa área.
Da decodificação à construção de sentido: concepções de leitura subjacentes aos livros didáticos de língua portuguesa e adotados pela secretaria de educação do estado de Pernambuco (1979-2012)
Authors: Silva Silvio Profirio da , Luna Tatiana Simões e
Published: June 2019

Durante décadas, o ensino da leitura teve como foco práticas mecânicas de Decodificação. O ensino dessa competência linguística, com base nesse norte, concedia primazia à reprodução mecânica de conteúdos e informações. Essa posição esteve presente nos livros didáticos. Nos anos 80, aparece uma vasta quantidade mudanças nas práticas pedagógicas do ensino de Língua Portuguesa. Rompe-se, assim, com tendências mecanicistas e tecnicistas. Com isso, surge uma nova concepção de leitura como construção de sentido, acompanhada de novos enfoques e estratégias de ensino. Esses novos paradigmas têm sido adotados pelos mais recentes Livros Didáticos de Língua Portuguesa. Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar quais são as concepções de leitura subjacentes aos Livros Didáticos de Língua Portuguesa adotados pela Secretaria de Educação do Estado de Pernambuco (1979-2012). Decorrente disso, pretende-se: a) verificar quais as concepções de linguagem subjacentes a esses manuais didáticos; b) verificar o tratamento dado à leitura e à diversidade textual.
Pagar os professores por mérito?
Authors: Silva Gabriela Marino
Published: June 2019

Resenha do livro publicado pela Fédération Syndicale Unitaire (FSU) da França. O livro é resultado da iniciativa da entidade que reuniu pesquisadores e sindicalistas para discutir a questão da remuneração dos professores em função dos resultados de seus alunos, baseada em uma nova concepção de mérito do professor e de sua avaliação.
A construção social do currículo do curso de História da UFMG: a prática de ensino
Authors: DINIZ-PEREIRA JULIO EMILIO , TEIXEIRA VYASA PUJA PERES
Published: June 2019

Este artigo pretende divulgar os resultados de uma pesquisa cujo objeto de análise foi a trajetória do curso de História na Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), na modalidade Licenciatura, com o enfoque na criação e implantação das disciplinas de Prática de Ensino oferecidas pela Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (FAFICH) e as repercussões disso para o Departamento de História da UFMG. Trata-se de uma reflexão acerca do quando, como e porque se deu esse processo de criação e implantação da disciplina de Prática de Ensino, visando contribuir para as discussões, debates e reflexões sobre docentes e futuros docentes do curso de História em relação ao trabalho desenvolvido durante os processos de formação acadêmica.
ASPECTOS RELEVANTES DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES: CONSIDERAÇÕES DOS GESTORES EDUCACIONAIS DA CIDADE DE GOIÂNIA
Authors: Dos Santos Jane Darley Alves , Echeverría Agustina Rosa
Published: June 2019

O presente trabalho é o resultado de uma investigação cujo objetivo foi discutir e compreender o papel que o gestor educacional da educação básica poderá assumir no âmbito das políticas de formação do professor. Enfocamos cinco aspectos que atuam na qualidade do ensino: a formação inicial e continuada, o salário e o plano de carreira, a política de formação docente e a importância das condições físicas das escolas. A pesquisa envolveu seis gestores de várias regiões da cidade de Goiânia. Os instrumentos metodológicos foram análise de documentos e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados indicaram que o perfil do gestor proposto por essas políticas e incorporados por ele na sua prática e no seu discurso é o de um líder com competências gerenciais/administrativas, mas não sem resistências e contestações, mesmo sendo ações isoladas, pois na escola prevalece a cultura do individualismo e do isolamento.
ENTRE METADES E INTEIROS: A DOCÊNCIA E A AVALIAÇÃO
Authors: Hardt Lúcia Schneider , Dozol Marlene de Souza
Published: June 2019

O artigo discute o conceito de avaliação considerando  as perspectivas da aprendizagem que por vezes são intensas, parecem engendrar uma inteireza em termos formativos. Em outras vezes nos deparamos com a fadiga das fragilidades e de processos não efetivados. Como educadores não sabemos mesmo se a metade e o inteiro são um bom binômio para discutir a docência e a avaliação. De toda forma isso se deve à impossibilidade do controle aos moldes do absoluto, ao fator “surpresa” que todo e qualquer processo formativo ou educativo encerra. Assim a prática da  avaliação da sala de aula se tece pelos fios de uma tensão entre um “pólo externo” representado pela cultura , encarnada na figura do professor, e um “pólo interno”, representado pelas estratégias individuais (cognitivas e afetivas) de aprendizagem, além das impressões subjetivas que emanam tanto de um pólo como do outro. Palavras-chave: avaliação, docência, educação