bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eastern equine encephalitis virus rapidly infects and disseminates in the brain and spinal cord of cynomolgus macaques following aerosol challenge
Authors: Williams Janice A. , Long Simon Y. , Zeng Xiankun , Kuehl Kathleen , Babka April M. , Davis Neil M. , Liu Jun , Trefry John C. , Daye Sharon , Facemire Paul R. , Iversen Patrick L. , Bavari Sina , Pitt Margaret L. , Nasar Farooq
Published: May 2022

Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is mosquito-borne virus that produces fatal encephalitis in humans. We recently conducted a first of its kind study to investigate EEEV clinical disease course following aerosol challenge in a cynomolgus macaque model utilizing the state-of-the-art telemetry to measure critical physiological parameters. Here, we report the results of a comprehensive pathology study of NHP tissues collected at euthanasia to gain insights into EEEV pathogenesis. Viral RNA and proteins as well as microscopic lesions were absent in the visceral organs. In contrast, viral RNA and proteins were readily detected throughout the brain including autonomic nervous system (ANS) control centers and spinal cord. However, despite presence of viral RNA and proteins, majority of the brain and spinal cord tissues exhibited minimal or no microscopic lesions. The virus tropism was restricted primarily to neurons, and virus particles (~61–68 nm) were present within axons of neurons and throughout the extracellular spaces. However, active virus replication was absent or minimal in majority of the brain and was limited to regions proximal to the olfactory tract. These data suggest that EEEV initially replicates in/near the olfactory bulb following aerosol challenge and is rapidly transported to distal regions of the brain by exploiting the neuronal axonal transport system to facilitate neuron-to-neuron spread. Once within the brain, the virus gains access to the ANS control centers likely leading to disruption and/or dysregulation of critical physiological parameters to produce severe disease. Moreover, the absence of microscopic lesions strongly suggests that the underlying mechanism of EEEV pathogenesis is due to neuronal dysfunction rather than neuronal death. This study is the first comprehensive investigation into EEEV pathology in a NHP model and will provide significant insights into the evaluation of countermeasure.
EZTraits: A programmable tool to evaluate multi-site deterministic traits
Authors: Carland Matt , Pedersen Haley , Bose Madhuchanda , Novković Biljana , Manson Charles , Lahan Shany , Pavlenko Alex , Yazdi Puya G. , Grabherr Manfred G.
Published: May 2022

The vast majority of human traits, including many disease phenotypes, are affected by alleles at numerous genomic loci. With a continually increasing set of variants with published clinical disease or biomarker associations, an easy-to-use tool for non-programmers to rapidly screen VCF files for risk alleles is needed. We have developed EZTraits as a tool to quickly evaluate genotype data against a set of rules defined by the user. These rules can be defined directly in the scripting language Lua, for genotype calls using variant ID (RS number) or chromosomal position. Alternatively, EZTraits can parse simple and intuitive text including concepts like ’any’ or ’all’. Thus, EZTraits is designed to support rapid genetic analysis and hypothesis-testing by researchers, regardless of programming experience or technical background. The software is implemented in C++ and compiles and runs on Linux and MacOS. The source code is available under the MIT license from https://github.com/selfdecode/rd-eztraits.
Comprehensive computational analysis reveals H5N1 influenza virus-encoded miRNAs and host-specific targets associated with antiviral immune responses and protein binding
Authors: Noor Fatima , Saleem Muhammad Hamzah , Javed Muhammad Rizwan , Chen Jen-Tsung , Ashfaq Usman Ali , Okla Mohammad K. , Abdel-Maksoud Mostafa A. , Alwasel Yasmeen A. , Al-Qahtani Wahidah H. , Alshaya Huda , Yasin Ghulam , Aslam Sidra
Published: May 2022

H5N1 virus (H5N1V) is highly contagious among birds and it was first detected in humans in 1997 during a poultry outbreak in Hong Kong. As the mechanism of its pathogenesis inside the host is still lacking, in thisin-silicostudy we hypothesized that H5N1V might create miRNAs, which could target the genes associated with host cellular regulatory pathways, thus provide persistent refuge to the virus. Using bioinformatics approaches, several H5N1V produced putative miRNAs as well as the host genes targeted by these miRNAs were found. Functional enrichment analysis of targeted genes revealed their involvement in many biological pathways that facilitate their host pathogenesis. Eventually, the microarray dataset (GSE28166) was analyzed to validate the altered expression level of target genes and found the genes involved in protein binding and adaptive immune responses. This study presents novel miRNAs and their targeted genes, which upon experimental validation could facilitate in developing new therapeutics against H5N1V infection.
TRIM25 and ZAP target the Ebola virus ribonucleoprotein complex to mediate interferon-induced restriction
Authors: Galão Rui Pedro , Wilson Harry , Schierhorn Kristina L. , Debeljak Franka , Bodmer Bianca S. , Goldhill Daniel , Hoenen Thomas , Wilson Sam J. , Swanson Chad M. , Neil Stuart J. D.
Published: May 2022

Ebola virus (EBOV) causes highly pathogenic disease in primates. Through screening a library of human interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), we identified TRIM25 as a potent inhibitor of EBOV transcription-and-replication-competent virus-like particle (trVLP) propagation. TRIM25 overexpression inhibited the accumulation of viral genomic and messenger RNAs independently of the RNA sensor RIG-I or secondary proinflammatory gene expression. Deletion of TRIM25 strongly attenuated the sensitivity of trVLPs to inhibition by type-I interferon. The antiviral activity of TRIM25 required ZAP and the effect of type-I interferon was modulated by the CpG dinucleotide content of the viral genome. We find that TRIM25 interacts with the EBOV vRNP, resulting in its autoubiquitination and ubiquitination of the viral nucleoprotein (NP). TRIM25 is recruited to incoming vRNPs shortly after cell entry and leads to dissociation of NP from the vRNA. We propose that TRIM25 targets the EBOV vRNP, exposing CpG-rich viral RNA species to restriction by ZAP.
A multi-level assessment of changes in stakeholder constellations, interest and influence on ecosystem services under different landscape scenarios in southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Jiren Tolera Senbeto , Schultner Jannik , Abson David J. , Fischer Joern
Published: May 2022

Growing global interconnections facilitate inter-regional flows of ecosystem services (ES). Several studies have focused on the opportunities, risks, and governance of telecoupled ES. However, considerable theoretical, methodological, and empirical gaps exist regarding how future demand for ES will shape trajectories of land use change, the bundles of ecosystem services and related livelihoods provided by future landscapes. This paper explores how multi-level stakeholder constellations, interests, and influence on ES change with a shift in the landscape from the current landscape to alternative future scenario landscapes. We integrated three methodological concepts: space-for-time substitution, scenario planning, and multi-level stakeholder interest and influence mapping. We focused on a smallholder farming landscape in southwestern Ethiopia that is characterized by, and sensitive to, rapid social-ecological change. We build on previous research that developed four plausible scenarios of landscape change for the landscape over the coming 20 years: the “Cash crops”, “Coffee investors”, “Biosphere reserve”, and “Food first” scenarios. We treated the current (focal) landscape as the baseline. Based on space-for-time substitution, we selected four existing landscapes nearby as proxies representing the types of changes described in the four scenarios. In both focal and scenario landscapes, we then identified stakeholders and interviewed them about their interest and influence related to ES (n = 122). Stakeholder constellations, interests, and influences on ES differed considerably between the focal and the scenario landscapes. Generally, a shift to the “Cash crops”, “Coffee investors”, and “Food first” scenarios increased the proportion of local, regional and global private organizations that engaged with the landscape. Many of these stakeholders sought to maximize profit through commercializing a few provisioning ES, often relying on regulatory and economic power to influence the landscape. In contrast, a change to the “Biosphere reserve” scenario increased the proportion of non-governmental organizations engaging with the landscape, and drew on stakeholders from multiple governance scales that were interested in diverse provisioning, cultural, regulating, and supporting ES. Our findings suggest that future landscapes imply divergent changes in stakeholder constellations and interests, both from proximate and remote locations. Landscape management should consider such possible changes in multi-level stakeholder constellations, interests, and influence. Our methodological approach enriches existing scenario narratives with empirically grounded social and governance layers that can improve proactive land management decisions.
Desafíos antropológicos para la sostenibilidad de la vida humana en el escenario postpandemia
Authors: González Galán Fernando
Published: May 2022

El artículo se divide en tres partes. Primera, afirmación, tesis o planteamiento del problema que nos lleva a preguntarnos por las diferentes concepciones antropológicas del hombre, a saber, el predominio de la concepción antropológica del hombre como ser exclusivamente biológico sólo tratable física y farmacológicamente mediante la cual «la pandemia causada por el virus Sars Cov 2 que provoca la enfermedad llamada COVID 19 debe ser afrontada por medidas de biología política como el confinamiento de la población, el uso de mascarilla, farmacología y vacunación». Segunda, negación, antítesis o descubrimiento de la divergencia o escisión, señalada ya por Max Scheler en El puesto del hombre en el cosmos, entre las distintas antropologías, a saber, principalmente filosófica, teológica y física respecto de las cuales surgen distintas concepciones del hombre que cuestionan la concepción exclusivamente biológica del mismo y su predominio sobre las demás tales como el hombre como ser dialógico, el hombre como ser supremo de la creación, imagen y semejanza de Dios, el hombre como ser racional, el hombre como ser evolucionado, el hombre como ser ilimitado, el hombre como ser incógnita, el hombre como ser simbólico o el hombre como ser limitado. Tercero, superación o síntesis de la escisión agravada en gran medida por el predominio de la concepción exclusivamente biológica del hombre mediante el desafío en que se constituye una nueva noción del hombre que integre, atienda, cuide, respete y escuche adecuadamente sus dimensiones física, psíquica, cívica y espiritual donde el hombre se cultive como ser responsable moral y éticamente distinguiendo apropiadamente entre los desafíos antropológicos de tipo moral y los desafíos antropológicos de tipo ético garantizando la sostenibilidad de la vida humana en un escenario postpandemia.
Pharmacognostic and physicochemical characterisation of potential plants for antidiabetic herbal formulations
Authors: Brahma Sudem , Mochahary Banjai , Kalita Mrinal , Goyal Arvind Kumar
Published: May 2022

In recent years, mankind has relied largely on herbal medicines to treat a variety of ailments. The aim of the current study is to investigate the pharmacognostic and physicochemical characterisation of some medicinal plants such as Bambusa balcooa (leaf) (BBL), Phyllanthus emblica (fruit) (PEF), Hodgsonia heteroclita (fruit pulp) (HHP), and Punica granatum (fruit peel) (PGP) used by the local Bodo tribe for the treatment of diabetes, which can be combined together to develop a novel polyherbal formulation. The preliminary phytochemical screening, microscopic evaluation, organoleptic and flow properties and qualitative heavy metal estimation was carried out usimng standard protocols. The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the existence of carbohydrates, phenolics, alkaloids in all. However, amino acids were present in P. granatum and P. emblica, whereas triterpenoids were inferred in P. officinalis. Microscopical analysis of crude showed the presence of stone cells (BBL, HHP and PGP), xylem (PEF, HHP and PGP), trichome (PGP), fibres (all) and epidermis (PEF). The macroscopical study of crushed powder was overall acceptable to sense organs. The physical evaluation of flow properties was found to be good for P. emblica fruit when compared to others which was fair to passable. The heavy metal test showed the absence of bismuth, cadmium and lead in all species. Accordingly, the results obtained from the study is endowed with essential information for the authentication and quality assessment of these herbal drugs.
Liver vitronectin release into the bloodstream increases due to reduced vagal muscarinic signaling after cerebral stroke in female mice
Authors: Keasey Matthew P. , Lovins Chiharu , Jia Cuihong , Hagg Theo
Published: May 2022

Vitronectin (VTN) is a glycoprotein enriched in the blood and activates integrin receptors. VTN blood levels increase only in female mice 24 h after an ischemic stroke and exacerbate brain injury through IL‐6‐driven inflammation, but the VTN induction mechanism is unknown. Here, a 30 min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in female mice induced VTN protein in the liver (normally the main source) in concert with plasma VTN. Male mice were excluded as VTN is not induced after stroke. MCAO also increased plasma VTN levels after de novo expression of VTN in the liver of VTN−/− female mice, using a hepatocyte‐specific (SERPINA1) promoter. MCAO did not affect SERPINA1 or VTN mRNA in the liver, brain, or several peripheral organs, or platelet VTN, compared to sham mice. Thus, hepatocytes are the source of stroke‐induced increases in plasma VTN, which is independent of transcription. The cholinergic innervation by the parasympathetic vagus nerve is a potential source of brain‐liver signaling after stroke. Right‐sided vagotomy at the cervical level led to increased plasma VTN levels, suggesting that VTN release is inhibited by vagal tone. Co‐culture of hepatocytes with cholinergic neurons or treatment with acetylcholine, but not noradrenaline (sympathetic transmitter), suppressed VTN expression. Hepatocytes have muscarinic receptors and the M1/M3 agonist bethanechol decreased VTN mRNA and protein release in vitro via M1 receptors. Finally, systemic bethanechol treatment blocked stroke‐induced plasma VTN. Thus, VTN translation and release are inhibited by muscarinic signaling from the vagus nerve and presents a novel target for lessening detrimental VTN expression.
Urheberrecht wagen – Dokumentenlieferung aus digitalen Ressourcen
Authors: Brettschneider Peter
Published: May 2022

Im letzten Jahrzehnt ist die Zahl der Fernleihen und Dokumentenlieferungen dramatisch zurückgegangen. Ein zentraler Faktor dafür ist das Anwachsen der digitalen Bestände, im Hinblick auf die Lieferbegehren regelmäßig abgelehnt werden. Der Beitrag untersucht die Rechtslage beim Kopienversand aus digitalen Medien und argumentiert, dass eine Lieferung in der überwiegenden Zahl der Fälle erlaubt wäre. Abschließend wird ein auf formalen Kriterien basierendes Prüfungsschema für die praktische Umsetzung in der Dokumentenlieferung vorgeschlagen.
Expression of Zeb1 in the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell
Authors: Chen Ting , Pan Peng , Wei Wei , Zhang Yanmin , Cui Guanghui , Yu Zhendong , Guo Xin
Published: May 2022

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiation is a process of replication and refinement, and the directional lineage differentiation of ESCs involves the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)- mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) process. A previous study revealed that Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (Zeb1) plays a vital role in EMT, which could repress E-cadherin promoter and induce an EMT in cells. To verify the expression of Zeb1 and its correlation with Lin28a in mouse ESCs differentiation, we performed qRT-PCR and western blots to detect the expression of Lin28a mRNA and protein after Zeb1 knockdown. The expression of Zeb1 decreased over time of mouse ESCs differentiation but significantly increased in mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. After knockdown of Zeb1, Lin28a and Vimentin expression were decreased, while E-cadherin expression increased both in mouse ESCs, EBs, GC1, and P19 cells. We found that Zeb1 promoted the invasive ability of mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. These results revealed that expression of Zeb1 decreased during the differentiation of ESCs, and Lin28a and EMT processes can be regulated by Zeb1, which need to be verified in the future studies.
Visualizing legal translation: a bibliometric study
Authors: Li Jian , Hu Xitao
Published: May 2022

As researches in legal translation advance rapidly, it is critical to keep abreast of emerging trends and critical turns of the collective knowledge development in this field. A bibliometric network using Citespace to examine the original articles obtained from an initial topic search on legal translation can provide a visualized profile for various themes in legal translation, by facilitating the analysis of the status quo, intellectual base, hotspots and emerging trends and providing a systematic review of the evolution of legal translation literature. According to a scientometric analysis of academic publications collected in the Web of Science Core Collection related to legal translation, this study profiles the key topics, the most influential institutions, authors and journals in this area, as well as the distribution of category and the future trend in the field. The scientometric analysis is expected to offer an overall view of legal translation per se as well as to provide implications for studies in relevant fields.
The language of evaluation in a Philippine drug trial: an appraisal framework perspective
Authors: Deuna Ina Francesca G. , Ballesteros-Lintao Rachelle
Published: May 2022

In courtroom discourses, evaluative language serves a pivotal role in assessing witnesses for determining the credibility of the testimonies provided and consequently influencing the outcome of the trial. Adopting the appraisal framework, this paper conducted a case study to examine the attitude resources used by court participants in a Philippine drug trial to determine the presence and use of evaluations in courtroom discourse, particularly across trial stages. Results showed that JUDGMENT is the most prevalent valuation in the study with its sub-system Tenacity scoring the highest frequency, followed by APPRECIATION and its sub-category valuation, while AFFECT was uncommon in the trial. The attitude items were also found to be most prevalent in the direct-examination and cross-examination stages to highlight the following: the knowledge of the witnesses on the incident, their involvement in the incident, and the sources of their information. It also showed the adherence of the judge to the principle of neutrality as the decision focused on the legal norms of the facts of the case. The results also attest that ‘legality’ is a distinct feature of the evaluative language in courtroom discourse.
Approximating stochastic numbers to reduce latency
Authors: Kawaminami Syoki , Watanabe Yukino , Yamashita Shigeru
Published: May 2022

Approximate Computing (AC) and Stochastic Computing (SC) have been studied as new computing paradigms to achieve energy-efficient designs for error-tolerant applications. The hardware cost of SC generally can be small compared to that of AC, but SC has not been applied to a wide range of applications as AC because SC needs very long cycles to use long random bit strings called Stochastic Numbers (SNs) when we need to maintain the desired precision. To mitigate this disadvantage of SC, we propose a new idea to approximate numbers represented by SNs; our idea is to use multiple SNs to represent one number. Indeed our method can shorten the length of SNs drastically while keeping the precision level compared to conventional SNs. We study two specific cases where we use two and three shorter bit-strings to represent a single conventional SN, which we call a dual-rail and a triple-rail SNs, respectively. We also discuss a general case when we use many SNs corresponding to a single conventional SNs. We also compare triple-rail, dual-rail and conventional SNs in terms of hardware overhead and calculation errors in this paper. From the comparison, we can conclude that our idea can be used to shorten the necessary cycles for SC.
Management of neonates with 35 weeks of gestational age or more with infectious risk factors at birth: opportunities for improvement
Authors: Mazabanda López Diego Andrés , Taboada Rubinos Carla , Hernández Ortega Andrea , Pérez Guedes Lucía del Mar , Urquía Martí Lourdes , García-Muñoz Rodrigo Fermín
Published: May 2022

Objectives

The Northern California Kaiser-Permanente Neonatal Sepsis Risk Calculator (SRC) has proved to be safe and effective in reducing laboratory tests, hospital admissions, and administration of antibiotics to patients at risk of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). Many studies have focused on maternal chorioamnionitis as the principal risk factor for EONS. We wanted to know if the use of the SRC could be equally efficient in the context of several other infectious risk factors (IRF), in addition to chorioamnionitis, such as intrapartum maternal fever, GBS colonization and/or prolonged rupture of membranes (PROM).

Methods

Systematic study of neonates with ≥35 weeks gestational age (GA), born in our tertiary university hospital during a period of 18 months. Patients were retrospectively assessed with the SRC and its recommendations were compared with the actual management. A bivariate analysis of perinatal interventions, and outcomes was performed.

Results

A total of 5,885 newborns were born during the study period and 1783 mothers (31%) had at least one IRF. The incidence of culture-proven EONS was 0.5‰. The use of the SRC would have reduced laboratory evaluations (CBC and CRP) from 56.2 to 23.3%, and blood cultures, hospital admissions and antibiotic therapy from 22.9 to 15.5%, 17.8 and 7.6%, respectively. The management based on patients’ symptoms would have shown a reduction to 7.5% in all the outcomes of interest.

Conclusions

Both, the SRC and the management based on clinical findings, are safe and efficient to reduce the number of analytical studies, hospital admissions and administration of antibiotics to neonates with IRF.
Hyponatremia among preeclampsia patients – a potential sign of severity
Authors: Remer Chen , Porat Shay , Levit Lorinne , Amsalem Hagai
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Although hyponatremia in preeclamptic patients was previously described, its significance remains unknown. We aimed to describe the prevalence and clinical significance of hyponatremia among a cohort of preeclamptic patients.

Methods

An electronic medical record based retrospective cohort study included all singleton deliveries at Hadassah University Medical Center between 2003 and 2015. Preeclampsia, with and without severe features, was defined using the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) Hypertension in Pregnancy Guidelines. Hyponatremia was defined as a sodium (Na) level ≤130 mEq/L, and severe hyponatremia as <125 mEq/L. A group of normotensive pregnant women, matched for gestational age, gravdity and parity, served as control.

Results

A total of 700 preeclamptic patients were identified during the study period. Hyponatremia was noted in 14.6% compared to 0 of 79 patients in the control group. Hyponatremia was strongly correlated with severe features of preeclampsia, adverse neonatal and obstetrical outcome. Severe hyponatremia was strongly correlated with preeclampsia with severe features. Furthermore, even among subgroup of preeclamptic patients without severe features, hyponatremia correlated with less favorable pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusions

Among relatively large cohort of preeclamptic patients, hyponatremia was not a rare finding. We found it more common in patients with preeclampsia and severe features. As women with preeclampsia are at risk for hyponatremia, serum sodium levels should be monitored, especially in those with severe features. In preeclamptic patients without severe features, hyponatremia may indicate a need for closer surveillance. However, larger studies are needed to establish hyponatremia as a marker of severity.
Transvaginally surgically treatment of early postpartum hemorrhage caused by lower uterine segment atony
Authors: Habek Dubravko , Marton Ingrid , Prka Matija , Luetić Ana Tikvica , Vitić Mirjam , Jurković Ana Marija
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Prove the success of transvaginal hemostatic procedures in treatment of the early postpartum hemorrhage caused by lower uterine segment atony.

Methods

We have conducted a retrospective, clinical study during a 10-year period (2010–2019) in our institution that is tertiary perinatal university center.

Results

This particular study enrolled total number of 29,543 deliveries with 215 cases of early postpartum hemorrhage (0.72%). Lower uterine segment atony was diagnosed in 44 cases (29.93%) in all uterine atony cases of early postpartum hemorrhage. Hemostatic ligation procedures according to authors: Losickaja in two cases, Hebisch–Huch in 13 cases, Habek in seven cases, Hebisch-Huch + Losickaja in 10 cases. According to our results, hemostatic ligation procedures alone (32 cases; 72.72%) or combined with gauze or ballon tamponade (five cases, 11.36%), have shown to be highly effective in 37 cases (84.09%).

Conclusions

Lower uterine segment atony should definitely be identified and understood as a clinical entity. Transvaginal hemostatic approach for surgical treatment of lower uterine segment atony is accessible, minimally invasive, feasible, successful and lifesaving. All of the above-mentioned methods are of great importance in the prevention and treatment of obstetric shock, multiorgan failure, postpartum hysterectomy and finally vital for fertility preservation.
Termination of pregnancy in the second trimester – the course of different therapy regimens
Authors: Franke Jana Franzis , Oelmeier Kathrin , Möllers Mareike , Möllmann Ute , Braun Janina , Kerschke Laura , Köster Helen Ann , Klockenbusch Walter , Schmitz Ralf , Hammer Kerstin
Published: May 2022

Objectives

To compare two prostaglandin analogs and two application intervals between mifepristone and the prostaglandin analog administration on the time to abortion in second trimester termination of pregnancy. Other endpoints were live birth rate and fetal lifetime after expulsion.

Methods

Retrospective data of 373 abortions performed were evaluated. Four medical induction subgroups and two feticide subgroups were considered. The definition criteria of the subgroups were the choice of administered prostaglandin analog (misoprostol vs. sulprostone) and the time interval between mifepristone and prostaglandin analog administration (48 vs. 24 h). The outcome parameters were the time to complete uterine evacuation (TCUE), the live birth rate and duration of fetal life.

Results

In the misoprostol subgroups, the median TCUE was 1.6 h longer in the 24-h group than in the 48-h group (p=0.950). In the sulprostone subgroups, the median TCUE was 1.9 h shorter in the 24-h group than in the 48-h group (p=0.950). The median TCUE was shorter for sulprostone than for misoprostol in all six subgroups (p<0.001). The rate of fetal live births ranged between 13.6 and 15.9% within the medical induction subgroups (p=0.969). The median fetal lifetime was slightly shorter in the sulprostone groups than in the misoprostol groups (p=0.563).

Conclusions

Both application intervals and prostaglandin analogs are similarly effective. The therapy regime should be adapted to the personal preferences of the woman, the situational and clinical conditions.
Investigating the elicited emotion of single-origin chocolate towards sustainable chocolate production in Indonesia
Authors: Muhammad Dimas Rahadian Aji , Fibri Dwi Larasatie Nur , Saputro Arifin Dwi , Sunarharum Wenny Bekti
Published: May 2022

In the market, single-origin chocolate is gaining high attention. However, up till now, there is no study investigating the characteristic single-origin chocolate from different regions in Indonesia, particularly in the aspect of emotional conceptualisation. Thus, the first part of this study was designed to investigate the elicited emotion of single-origin chocolate consumers in Indonesia. Chocolates were prepared from cocoa beans obtained from seven regions in Indonesia with two different roasting methods (dynamic and static). Later, a conceptual approach to find the correlation between the development of single-origin chocolate and the development of a rural area, particularly in the cocoa-producing region, in Indonesia was given, which was elaborated. The results show that based on 120 respondents, chocolate made of cocoa beans from Makassar obtained the highest consumer acceptance level due to the lowest bitterness, aftertaste duration, and aftertaste intensity, as well as the highest sweetness level. The roasting method had no significant effect on the hedonic response implying that the quality of raw material had a more pronounced impact on the quality of the chocolate than the roasting method. Single-origin chocolate elicited particular emotions, such as pleasant, calm, feeling good, satisfying, enthusiastic, happy, and stimulating. The development of single-origin chocolate can contribute to the economic impact on rural areas where cocoa trees grow.
Conformational preferences and intramolecular hydrogen bonding patterns of tetraflavaspidic acid BBBB – a tetrameric acylphloroglucinol
Authors: Mammino Liliana
Published: May 2022

Tetraflavaspidic acid BBBB is a tetrameric acylphloroglucinol of natural origin isolated from Dryopteris aitoniana. Its molecule consists of four acylphloroglucinol units linked by methylene bridges and having the same R = propyl in their R−C=O groups. In one of the terminal monomers, one of the OHs ortho to R−C=O is replaced by a keto O. The paper reports the results of a conformational study performed at the HF/6-31G(d,p) and DFT/B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) levels; two options are utilised for the latter, without and with the inclusion of the Grimme’s dispersion correction. Given the importance of intramolecular hydrogen bonds (IHBs) for the stabilisation of acylphloroglucinol conformers, only conformers containing the maximum IHBs’ number were calculated. The IHBs comprise an IHB between the sp2 O of R−C=O and a neighbouring OH in each monomeric unit and two inter-monomer IHBs between each pair of units. The single C−C bonds of the methylene bridges enable a variety of mutual orientations of the monomeric units, giving rise to a variety of conformations and IHB patterns. The results indicate greater stability for conformers in which individual monomers take lower energy conformations, and significant influence of the dispersion correction on the estimation of the energetics and of other molecular properties. The inclusion of the dispersion correction also strongly limits the number of low energy conformers. The influence of dispersion effects is consistent with the presence of four aromatic rings.
Fate of Neptunium in nuclear fuel cycle streams: state-of-the art on separation strategies
Authors: Verma Parveen K. , Mohapatra Prasanta K.
Published: May 2022

Neptunium, with a half life of 2.14 million years is one of the most notorious activation products in the nuclear fuel cycle. It has been more than 5 decades in the reprocessing of nuclear fuels by the well documented PUREX process, but the fate of Np in the PUREX cycle is still not well controlled. Although Np being stable in its pentavalent state in low acid media, its starts to undergo disproportionation at higher acidities. This disproportionation along with the oxidizing conditions of the HNO3 medium makes Np to exits as Np(IV), Np(V) and Np(VI) in the dissolver solution. The overall extractability of Np in the co-decontamination step of the PUREX cycle is dependent on its oxidation state in the medium as Np(VI) and Np(IV) being extractable while Np(V) being least extractable. The present review article discusses about the speciation of Np in HNO3 and its disproportionation. The variety of redox reagents are discussed for their effectiveness towards controlling Np redox behavior in the HNO3 media. The extraction of Np with the different class of extractant has also been discussed and the results are compared for better understanding. Solid phase extraction of Np using both commercially available resin and lab based synthesized resins were discussed. The anion exchange resins with the different cationic centers were shown to behave differently towards the uptake of Np form the acidic medium. The present review also highlight the chemical conditions required for controlling or minimizing the fate of Np in different process streams of the nuclear fuel cycle.
Creaky Voice and Prosodic Boundaries in Spanish: An Acoustic Study
Authors: González Carolina , Weissglass Christine , Bates Daniel
Published: May 2022

This study investigates vocalic creak in connection to the demarcation of prosodic boundaries in Spanish. Data from a picture task from 10 native Spanish speakers from diverse dialects was examined word-medially and word-finally. A total of 800 vowels were analyzed acoustically to determine if they involved creak; duration of creak relative to vowel duration was also recorded. The role of prosodic context, vowel quality and gender were examined. Our results show that creak is one of the cues that signals the end of prosodic constituents, particularly at higher prosodic levels: it averages 64% of realizations word-finally, but only 4% medially; and it is more pervasive in higher prosodic domains. Creak is more likely in males than females (80 vs. 53%), and vowel quality has no effect on creak word-finally, although word-medially /a/ is more frequently creaked than other vowels. We discuss the implications of our results in comparison with previous studies on creaky voice in Spanish and English, in particular Garellek, Marc & Patricia Keating. 2015. Phrase-final creak: Articulation, acoustics, and distribution. In Paper presented at the 89th meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, Portland, Oregon, 8–11 January, which report a higher rate of creak for Mexican Spanish females compared to males utterance-finally, and Kim, Ji Young. 2017. Voice quality transfer in the production of Spanish heritage speakers and English L2 learners of Spanish. Silvia Perpiñán. In David Heap, Itziri Moreno-Villamar & Adriana Soto-Corominas (eds.), Selected papers from the 44th linguistic symposium on romance languages (LSRL), 191–207. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, which found creaky voice utterance-finally in L2 Spanish and heritage Spanish speakers, but not in L1 Spanish participants.
The signless Laplacian matrix of hypergraphs
Authors: Cardoso Kauê , Trevisan Vilmar
Published: May 2022

In this article, we define signless Laplacian matrix of a hypergraph and obtain structural properties from its eigenvalues. We generalize several known results for graphs, relating the spectrum of this matrix to structural parameters of the hypergraph such as the maximum degree, diameter, and the chromatic number. In addition, we characterize the complete signless Laplacian spectrum for the class of power hypergraphs from the spectrum of its base hypergraph.
Árnyék a Selyemúton
Authors: Felföldi Szabolcs
Published: May 2022

The world-famous Hungarian–British archaeologist Aurel Stein was just visiting the Tarim basin on his second major expedition to the Inner Asian section of the Silk Road in 1907, when he became a witness to a rare astronomical phenomenon, a total solar eclipse. He also captured his impressions in his work entitled Ruins of Desert Cathay, also published in Hungarian. At the same moment, Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky, a pioneer in color photography, as a member of a Russian scientific expedition was trying to take the world’s first color photograph of a total solar eclipse on a snowcapped hillside in Russian Turkestan (today Uzbekistan), in the middle of a snowstorm. In a special way, the lives of the Hungarian archaeologist and the Russian photographer of the Silk Road were intertwined for a moment. In my paper I take a look at this special moment from an astronomical, geographical, and historical perspective as well.
Grouping Maching using Genetic Algorithm for Dynamic Cell Layout Design
Authors: Yogaswara Y. , Dimiyati T.T. , Asri R.R.
Published: May 2022

Changes in the manufacturing sector due to changes in shorter product life cycles, market demands and also use of the latest technology in the company, this will result in changes in process flow and also change the layout in the production section, causing dynamic layout problems. Dynamic layout problems can be solved by using a manufacturing cell formation method which has a high degree of flexibility. In this study, algorithms used for grouping machines into manufacturing cells are Direct Clustering Algorithm and Rank Order Clustering. Then it will be improved by using Genetic Algorithm. The Dynamic Modified Spanning Tree Algorithm is also used to sort machines into a layout with a single-row structure and determine the length of the planning time window in the future. The goals of this research is to get the best solution from the two methods of grouping machines/parts into manufacturing cells and to obtain improvement results using Genetic Algorithms. For the design industry, the resulting dynamic cell layout is expected to reduce production costs, save material handling, be efficient in material flow, which in turn will be able to compete globally.
Fleece Yield and Some Characteristics of Wool in Anatolian Merino Sheep
Authors: Sertkaya Serife , ÖZTRÜRK Ayhan
Published: May 2022

In this study, greasy fleece yield and some wool characteristics and the effects of gender, age and live weight on these characteristics were investigated in 60 heads of Anatolian Merino sheep reared in Babayakup neighborhood of Polatlı District of Ankara. Least squares means of live weight before shearing, greasy fleece yield, fiber diameter, fiber length, breaking strength, fiber elasticity and clean fleece percentage were found to be 68±0.89 kg, 2.97±0.19 kg, 24.42±0.49 µm, 7.92±0.36 cm, 19.15±1.25 Cn/tex, 25.38±1.83 %, 48.16±2.17 %, respectively. The effects of gender (p<0.001) and age (p<0.05) on live weight before shearing, the effects of body weight group (p<0.05) on fiber diameter and the effects of gender (p<0.05) on fiber length were found to be significant. According to the findings, it was concluded that the fiber diameter value of the research material sheep is 60 sortiman, therefore it will be evaluated in the class of fine wool sheep and it is suitable for worsted fabric production.
A Research of Affecting Factors on R D Management in Food
Authors: Özaydın Gürhan , ÇELİK Yusuf
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the R&D approaches of business managers and the factors that affect R&D activities in the central districts of the province of Konya in Turkey. The main data of the study were collected by questionnaires that were applied with managers of 67 businesses in the food industry who were determined by the method of quota sampling. Ac-cording to the results, the effects of the educational status of the business owner, the personnel structure of the business, the date when the business was established, having a plan for R&D activities for the next 5 years, whether or not they had knowledge on the institutions that provide support for R&D projects and the level of collaboration with universities on the R&D activities of businesses were significantly effective on the level of 5%. The variables that were related to the R&D perceptions of the business managers were determined by factor analysis, and it was found that there were 5 factors regarding the R&D perceptions of the managers. Regression analysis was used to determine whether or not the factors related to R&D perceptions were effective on conducting R&D activities. As a result of the regression analysis, it was determined that R&D had contribution in the operations of the business (Factor I), and the two factors related to universi-ty-industry collaboration (Factor V) had significant effects on businesses’ R&D activities on the level of 5%.
Seasonal and Annual Changes of Some Climate Factors in Different Areas of Loose Dairy Cattle Barns
Authors: ŞAHİN SUCİ ELİF , UGURLU NUH
Published: May 2022

This study was conducted to determine the changes of some climatic factors throughout the year in different barn areas in a loose system dairy cattle shelter. For this, digital temperature-humidity meters were placed on different shelter areas, and measurements were made for a year. By developing a different and new model as well as the maximum, minimum and average values in a certain time period in five different areas of the shelter, the temperature and humidity values were categorized into specific groups (stressful, slightly stressful, suitable, etc.) and it was determined how long the animals were exposed to what temperature and humidity values. According to the results, the animals were exposed to temperatures between 5-25 °C for approximately 80% of their time in the spring and autumn seasons, 40% in the winter season, and 50-55% in the summer season. At optimum temperatures (10-20 °C), the animals spent approximately 50% of their total time in spring and autumn, 20% in summer, and 15% in winter. Animals were exposed to heat stress (ti≥32 °C) for only 5-7% of their total time in summer and to cold stress (ti <-5 °C) for only 6-14% of the time in winter. Dairy cattle were found to spend 60% of their annual total time in the appropriate temperature range and approximately 33% of the annual time in the optimum temperature range. Animals were exposed to heat stress and cold stress for about 6-7% and 2-3%, respectively of their total time per year. Animals were exposed to the relative humidity in the range of 40-90%, for approximately 50-60% of their total time throughout the year. According to the results of the research, it was determined that open system shelters planned to protect animals from cold in winter and heat in summer, not create a significant climatic stress on animals.
Effects of Dephytinized Wheat Bran on Rheological Properties of Dough and Sourdough Fermentation
Authors: Çetin Babaoğlu Hümeyra , AKIN NIHAT , Özkaya Berrin
Published: May 2022

In this study, the rheological properties of flours containing wheat bran or dephytinized wheat bran at different rates (0, 5, 10, 15%) and some physicochemical and microbiological properties of bread doughs produced with sourdough by using these flour mixes were investigated. Four different sourdoughs, which were spontaneous (SS), Vakfıkebir (VS), containing Lactobacillus fermentum as a starter (LFS) and containing Lactococcus lactis as a starter (LCS), were used. The water absorption, softening degree, resistance to extension values of dough increased while the stability, energy and extensibility values decreased as the rate of bran increased for both bran types. The pH and total acidity (TA) values of the bread dough samples generally increased with the addition of bran. The lowest moisture content, TA and LAB count, and the highest pH and yeast count were obtained in VS. The lowest pH and the highest TA values belonged to the bread dough samples containing SS. The number of LAB and yeast counts in bread dough samples increased with addition of bran compared to control sample.
Optimization of parameters associated with pellets made from biomass residue from anaerobic digestion using Box-Behnken design
Authors: Liu Dan , Ma Yongcai , Li Jun , Teng Da , Qiu Shiting , Li Yanlong , Mao Xin , Wang Hanyang
Published: May 2022

Fuel pellets were produced with biomass residue from anaerobic digestion. Single-factor experiment and Box-Behnken design were employed to investigate the effects of pellets-associated variables on the mechanical properties of pellets, and the optimal condition was determined. The results revealed that the pellets-associated variables, including particle size, moisture content, die temperature, and molding pressure had significant influences on the mechanical properties of pellets, such as compressive resistance (CR), durability (DU), and density (DE). The regression models were obtained with the R2 values of 0.9802, 0.9628, and 0.9610 for CR, DU, and DE, respectively, suggesting that the differences between the actual and predicted values could be explained by the regression models. The optimal values of pellets-associated variables were determined (particle size of 0.4 mm, moisture content of 8.4%, die temperature of 115 °C, and molding pressure of 150 MPa); the corresponding responses were 1470 N, 99.6%, and 1180 kg/m3 for CR, DU, and DE, respectively. The results of verification showed a good agreement between the predicted data and experimental outputs. In summary, a novel approach was presented for the preparation of pellet fuels made from biomass residue from anaerobic digestion, and a reliable reference was therefore provided for the comprehensive utilization of biomass materials.
Comparison of the internal functionalization and surface modification methods of chemi-mechanical pulp handsheets using nanocellulose, chitosan, and DTPA
Authors: Rezazadeh Eisa , Vaysi Ramin , Soltani Mojtaba , Najafi Abdollah , Ebadi Seyed Eshagh
Published: May 2022

The optical and mechanical properties of paper sheets were compared following treatment with biopolymers using two different methods, i.e., internal functionalization and surface modification. Industrial chemi-mechanical pulp was provided, and two groups of paper handsheets were made. The first group of paper sheet samples were prepared with incorporated chitosan in a mixed-in-pulp slurry (at three treatment levels, i.e., 0%, 1%, and 2%), and in the second group, untreated handsheets were spray-coated with either 2% chitosan, 2% nanocellulose, 0.5% DTPA, or a mixed solution (0.5% DTPA + 2% chitosan + 2% nanocellulose). Then, the optical and mechanical properties of the prepared paper sheets were analyzed. The brightness, opacity, and greenness/redness of the samples were measured spectrophotometrically using the CIELab system. Additional properties of the paper, i.e., the water absorption, air permeability, and tear, tensile, and burst resistance, of the treated samples were also measured. The results indicated that the treatments had a considerable effect on the relative mechanical and optical parameters, which resulted in an increase in the mechanical properties, especially when the nano-particles were applied to the mixed-in-slurry process. Inversely, results from the spray-coating method indicated better results for the optical specifications.