bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparação entre Puérperas Fumantes e Ex-Fumantes com Relação ao Tempo de Amamentação e suas Consequências sobre a Saúde dos Recém-Nascidos
Authors: Galão Adriani Oliveira , Macedo Bruno Rocha de , Ribeiro Rafaela Vanin Pinto , Ribeiro Roberto Vanin Pinto , Vanin Carla Maria De Martini
Published: January 2021

Introdução: A influência nociva do tabagismo no período gestacional e na amamentação é amplamente descrita na literatura. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre o tempo de amamentação e o tabagismo entre as puérperas fumantes e ex-fumantes do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre e suas consequências para a saúde dos bebês. Métodos: Estudo transversal com aplicação de questionário via telefone em puérperas fumantes do HCPA, divididas em 2 grupos: mulheres que não fumaram (G1) e que fumaram (G2) após o parto. Variáveis contínuas foram descritas por medidas de tendência central e dispersão; variáveis categóricas, por frequências absolutas e relativas. As médias foram comparadas com t de Student e as complicações entre os grupos com Qui-quadrado. Resultados: Avaliadas 154 puérperas: 75 (G1) e 79 (G2). A idade não diferiu entre os grupos (26,0 e 24,7 anos); 67,5% tinham feito pré-natal e, destas, metade não fumou no pós-parto. Somente 51,3% receberam informação médica de que o fumo poderia trazer complicações para ela e seu bebê. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa com relação a problemas ou intercorrências respiratórias nos bebês. As puérperas amamentaram em média 7,2 (G1) e 6,2 (G2) meses e não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos. No grupo G2 houve uma tendência à interrupção da amamentação por causas respiratórias (p=0,058). Conclusão: Não houve alterações significativas com relação a problemas respiratórios nos bebês ou parada da amamentação em puérperas fumantes. No entanto, o tabagismo é um preocupante problema de Saúde Pública e deve receber atenção constante nesse grupo especial de mulheres.
Intervenções de Enfermagem no Controle do Tabagismo: uma Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Moura Marcione Aparecida de Souza , Menezes Maria de Fátima Batalha de , Mariano Renata Dória , Silva Vagnára Ribeiro da , Sousa Luana Pinheiro de
Published: January 2021

Introdução: O tabagismo é considerado um grave problema de Saúde Pública e o enfermeiro é um profissional importante no desenvolvimento de estratégias relacionadas ao controle dessa doença. Objetivo: Identificar as intervenções de enfermagem relacionadas ao controle do tabagismo. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa. Realizou-se a busca de artigos e resumos publicados no período de 2000 a 2010, nas bases de dados LILACS e MEDLINE , por meio dos seguintes descritores: enfermagem/tabagismo, tobacco/nursing; e artigos publicados na CINAHL, no período de 2008 a 2010, através dos descritores tobacco/nursing/intervention. Resultado: Seguindo as estratégias definidas para o estudo, a busca resultou em 1.394 publicações. Foram encontradas 55 publicações no LILACS , 1.231 no MEDLINE e 108 na CINAHL. Dessas produções, foram selecionados seis artigos completos na base latino-americana e 119 nas bases internacionais, sendo 16 artigos completos na CINAHL e 103 produções no MEDLINE. A primeira análise verificou que 1.269 publicações não estavam relacionadas especificamente com a questão norteadora, ou não atendiam aos critérios de inclusão propostos, restando; portanto, 125 produções que foram definitivamente consideradas para esse estudo. Os achados evidenciaram diversas intervenções prestadas por enfermeiros para públicos variados, sendo que 39 delas foram direcionadas à cessação do fumar. Conclusão: Diante das produções avaliadas, verificou-se que o enfermeiro é um profissional de extrema importância no controle do tabagismo e as intervenções encontradas mostraram relação com o recomendado pela literatura científica.
O protagonismo da enfermagem no combate do COVID-19
Authors: Cesário Jonas Magno dos Santos , Flauzino Victor Hugo de Paula , Mejia Judith Victoria Castillo , Lopes Kedma Carolina Ferreira
Published: January 2021

Objetivou-se neste estudo descrever o protagonismo da enfermagem no combate do covid-19. Tratou-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, de abordagem descritiva e qualitativa, elaborada no mês de setembro/2020 com os seguintes descritores: SARS-Cov-2, COVID-19 e Atuação da Enfermagem. Buscou-se reunir evidências para responder a seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: Qual foi o protagonismo da enfermagem no combate da COVID-19? Incluiu-se artigos acadêmicos publicados no 2019 e 2020 na língua portuguesa, disponíveis de forma gratuita nos bancos de dados da SCIELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) e BVS (Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde), resultando numa amostra final de 51 artigos. Os resultados dos estudos mostram que o principal protagonismo foi o processo de humanização, além de ter o papel fundamental na criação de diversas campanhas educativas e criação de aplicativos, destaca-se ainda que a enfermagem se apresenta como força expressiva e completamente necessária no enfrentamento do novo COVID-19.
RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI KASIR BERBASIS ANDROID (Studi Kasus: Toko Abah Pancing)
Authors: Nurdiansyah Muhamad
Published: January 2021

Toko Abah pancing merupakan sebuah toko yang bergerak di bidang penjualan perlengkapan alat-alat pancing di kota Bogor. Saat ini, telah memiliki jumlah barang alat – alat pancing yang banyak, sehingga mendorong  pihak Pemilik Toko untuk terus  meningkatkan kualitas layanan baik dalam kualitas dan kuantitas. Salah satu permasalahan yang terjadi pada Toko Abah Pancing menyangkut masalah informasi ketersedian stok barang dan informasi harga barang yang masih dilakukan secara manual dengan melihat stok yang tersedia di gudang. Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi komunikasi mobile, terjadi perubahan sudut pandang masyarakat sehingga masyarakat kini memanfaatkan teknologi komunikasi mobile tidak hanya sebatas alat komunikasi saja, namun juga sebagai alat untuk mencari ragam informasi. Berdasarkan uraian diatas diperlukan sebuah aplikasi android yang dapat membantu menyampaikan informasi harga barang dan stok barang kepada pemilik dan penjaga toko. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan perancangan dan  pembangunan aplikasi inventori berbasis android di Toko Abah Pancing. Perancangan dilakukan dengan model Object Oriented Design (OOD) yang mempergunakan tools Unified Modeling Language (UML), implementasi dilakukan dengan pembuatan aplikasi android. Pada aplikasi inventori di Toko Abah Pancing terdapat 3 kategori barang yang di tampilkan yaitu: joran, tas joran, dan rill, dengan Aplikasi Mobile di Toko Abah Pancing bisa di terapkan untuk mendapatkan informasi harga barang di Toko Abah Pancing.
ANALISIS DAN IMPLEMENTASI VIRTUAL LOCAL AREA NETWORK (VLAN) PADA LABORATORIUM PRODI TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UNIVERSITAS IBN KHALDUN BOGOR
Authors: Syarif Muhamad Fariz , Ritzkal Ritzkal , Hendrawan Ade Hendri
Published: January 2021

Penerapan manajemen jaringan Local Area Network (LAN) dapat diterapkan dengan menggunakan Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN), segementasi jaringan tersebut dapat meningkatkan keamanan pada jaringan Local Area Network (LAN). Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) merupakan suatu model jaringan yang tidak terbatas pada lokasi fisik seperti Local Area Network (LAN), hal ini mengakibatkan suatu jaringan dapat dikonfigurasi secara virtual tanpa harus menuruti lokasi fisik peralatan. Pengguna Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) akan membuat pengaturan jaringan menjadi lebih fleksibel dimana dapat dibuat segmen yang tidak bergantung pada lokasi workstation. Dari uraian di atas maka dilakukan sebuah penelitian tentang analisis dan implementasi sistem manajemen jaringan Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) pada Laboratorium Program Studi Teknik Informatika, Universitas Ibn Khaldun Bogor.
AGROCLUSTER AS A BASIS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TERRITORIES
Authors: Trishin Alexei
Published: January 2021

In the context of decentralization, the crisis state of rural areas and the unstable development of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine, scientists and practitioners of the agrarian sector of the economy are forced to look for new innovative approaches to organizational and economic mechanisms for managing technological processes within the agro-industrial complex.

The accumulated set of negative factors in agriculture has resulted in a problem that hinders the development of the agro-industrial complex and especially in rural areas.

An attempt to solve this problem based on the development of agro-industrial integration has not yielded the desired results yet. The established integration formations such as holdings, financial and industrial groups and other corporate structures are not interested in investing their funds in the development of personnel policy, scientific and raw material base, where investments are required not only in research and production but also in social infrastructure.

Some heads of agrarian associations understand that processing and trading organizations from the subsequent work with their raw materials receive unequal profits, begin to organize the processing of raw materials and the sale of finished products by their enterprises. This can lead to large unreasonable costs and duplication of purchased products without taking into account the real demand of the region. And in this case, the interests of the rural population are not taken into account.

Farmers, it would seem, live in the countryside, are interested in developing the infrastructure of their village, but they do not have enough funds and most of them are barely making ends meet.

Agricultural scientists and practitioners see a way out of this situation through the formation and development of agro-industrial clusters, which, in their opinion, will make it possible to overcome the disunity in the management of the agricultural economy and rural areas.

The development of rural areas is envisaged through the cooperation of enterprises and their integration based on a scientific and methodological approach and cluster principles.
THE INFLUENCE OF DIETARY BASIC LIMITING AMINO ACIDS AND METABOLIC ENERGY LEVELS ON PROTEIN METABOLISM INDICATORS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF PIGLETS
Authors: Svarchevska Oksana , Ohorodnyk Nataliia
Published: January 2021

Data about the influence of most limiting essential amino acids (lysine, methionine, threonine) and metabolic energy (ME), provided that their level in the diet increases on the growth and content of total protein, urea and uric acid in the blood plasma of piglets are presented in the article. The stimulatory influence of these additions to the piglets' diet on the growth and protein metabolism in their body was shown. The positive effect of the introduction of essential amino acids (lysine, methionine and threonine) and sunflower oil to the diet on the taste of the mixed feed, the intensity of its eating and the growth of piglets was shown in the conducted research. The greatest gains in piglets of the 4th experimental group, where the level of ME in the diet was 13.72 MJ, lysine - 13.8 g / kg, methionine and threonine - 9.2 g / kg of the mixed feed were observed. At the same time, the safety of piglets was directly proportional to their average daily gain. The highest it was in piglets of the 4th experimental group (96.7%), and the lowest in the control group (89.7%). The increase of the content of lysine, methionine, threonine and fat in the piglets' diet led to an increase in the blood plasma of proteins level and a decrease of urea and uric acid. A clear tendency to increased total protein concentration in blood, when increasing the intensity of pre-starter mixed feed intake by piglets with the additional introduction of lysine, methionine, threonine and sunflower oil was observed. It follows from these data that if the level of the most limiting essential amino acids (lysine, methionine and threonine) increases in the diet, the synthesis of blood plasma proteins in the liver of piglets increases and this process is stimulated by the addition of fat. At the same time, feeding young piglets with amino acid and fat additions contributed to a decrease in the content of urea and uric acid in blood plasma. A significant influence of the investigated factors on the use of amino acids and metabolic energy in energy processes in the animal body indicated.
SELECTION EFFICIENCY OF INBRED CATTLE OF UKRAINIAN WHITEHEAD BREED
Authors: Voitenko Svitlana , Sydorenko Olena
Published: January 2021

The stated results of using outbreeding and inbreeding in a selection of cattle of the Ukrainian Whitehead breed, which belongs to the local population and is preserved only in one breeding herd. It was revealed that animals obtained from related breeding are characterized by a sufficiently high level of productivity and normal reproductive qualities. Although outbred and inbred heifers in the process of growth from birth to 18 months of age differed somewhat from each other in live weight, the difference was not statistically significant. In different periods of growth, both outbred and inbred animals had an advantage, indicating the possibility of improving the trait by purebred breeding methods. The absolute increase in live weight of experimental heifers on rearing was: Group I – 295 kg, II – 289 kg, III – 298 kg, IV – 308 kg and V – 293 kg without a statistically significant difference between the groups, which made it possible to conclude that there was no inbred depression when breeding cattle of a given herd through a related selection of parental pairs. It is recognized that the selection of calves to increase their live weight at birth will not have a positive effect on the trait during the growth of animals, as evidenced by the correlation between them.

As a result of the study of reproductive ability, the expediency of obtaining and using inbred cattle in a herd, which was inseminated almost a month earlier than outbred, was proved. Between outbred and inbred cows, a significant differentiation of milk yield for the first – third lactation was found, without a significant advantage of animals obtained by one or another method of purebred breeding. According to the first lactation, the highest milk yield was observed in cows of the close inbreeding group (group V) – 4501 kg, which exceeded the outbred ones by 150 kg and the lower inbred ones (groups II-IV) by 191 – 633 kg. Inbred cattle with distant, moderate and close degrees of inbreeding at the second lactation had from 4629 kg to 4719 kg of milk, with the highest rate in cows of a moderate degree of inbreeding, while outbred cows produced only 4582 kg. Cows of a moderate degree of inbreeding had the highest milk yield in the third lactation – 5204 kg and the lowest – 3897 kg of the group of a close degree of inbreeding. Outbred cows for this trait were superior only to individuals of the group of close inbreeding. The results of a comparative analysis of economically useful traits of outbred and inbred cows and heifers of the Ukrainian Whitehead breed indicate the possibility of using a related selection of parental pairs in a herd to increase the efficiency of interbreeding selection, replicate the hereditary traits of the ancestor and preserve the disappearing domestic breed of cattle.
Issues of ensuring budget security as a legal category in the digital age
Authors: Abakumova Juliia , Samsin Roman , Ananieva Ievgeniia , Semchyk Olga , Andrushchenko Halyna
Published: January 2021

The digital development of society is determined by the fact that all aspects of the development of the technical environment and the formation on this basis of an equilibrium process of social development can be singled out as a structural feature of national security. The budget as a source of social development has a tax, social and social foundation under it. All this is determined by the necessity for additional research on issues related to the formation of the possibility of maintaining the vector of development of society. The novelty of the study is that all legal research is limited to the formation of only framework conditions, which in turn affect such aspects as the development of deterrent mechanisms. In the work, the authors determine the possibility of development and formation of the budget security category on the basis of a model that is provided not only by legal conditions, but also regulated by information components. The article provides a component model, which is determined by the fact that it forms a protective mechanism based on a legal decision. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that budget security stands out primarily as a component of social development and can be considered in order to improve and shape the sustainable development of society as a whole.
"Recanto mágico de uma existência": o grafite de muros em São Gonçalo
Authors: Nogueira Martha Carvalho
Published: January 2021

As primeiras coisas que chamam atenção no livro Vitrines de Concreto na Cidade: Juventudes e grafites de muros, publicado em sua primeira edição no ano passado, são os aspectos do espaço e do tempo da pesquisa que deu origem à publicação. O “campo”, ruas do município de São Gonçalo, localizado na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, foi certamente uma feliz escolha feita pelo autor, tendo em vista o caráter periférico e de abandono pelas políticas urbanas e o esforço de ressignificação dos rótulos atribuídos ao lugar pelo movimento da arte de rua.
PEMODELAN ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE MENGGUNAKAN TOGAF PADA UNIVERSITAS X PALEMBANG
Authors: Lathifah Lathifah , Suaidah Suaidah , F Muhammad Bambang , Anam M Khairul , Suandi Fadli
Published: January 2021

Dunia pendidikan saat ini memandang penting enterprise architecture dalam mendukung berjalannya system sesuai dengan strategi bisnis. Universitas X melakukan menyelaraskan  proses bisnis dengan teknologi informasi menjadi terpusat, universitas x saat ini memiliki sistem informasi yang  masih tertampung pada masing-masing fakultas sehingga membutuhkan waktu yang lama serta sumber daya manusia yang banyak untuk dikumpulkan menjadikan satu. Dengan adanya keselarasan sistem informasi tersebut akan mempermudah semua kinerja secara sistematis sesuai dengan proses bisnis secara real time. Proses bisnis pada Universitas x Palembang meliputi organisasi bisnis, data, aplikasi, dan teknologi yang digunakan. Permasalahannya yaitu sistem informasi yang berjalan pada Universitas x saat ini  masih sulit terintegrasi satu sama lain. Maka dari itu akan dibuat sebuah model untuk mengintegrasikan seluruh sistem informasi yang berjalan di Universitas X Palembang. TOGAF digunakan untuk menentukan jalannya proses bisnis, data, aplikasi, dan teknologi yang digunakan untuk keselarasan sistem informasi beserta aplikasi yang dibangun. Hasil yang didapat yaitu adanya pemodelan enterprise architecture dari architecture bisnis, architecture data, architecture aplikasi, dan architecture teknologi untuk mendukung jalannya sistem informasi secara lancar. Kesimpulan yang dapat ditarik dari penelitian yaitu perancangan arsitekture enterprise di sistem akademik, arsitektur data dan teknologi yang didapat dalam  penelitian ini yang saling terintergrasi dan terhubung. Strategi model bisnis yang dibuat harus  dapat memiliki ruang lingkup yang lengkap dan stabil untuk waktu yang panjang.
Description of Student Discipline Attitudes at SMP Negeri 16 Jambi City
Authors: Simamora Nadia Natalia , Putri Wita Ardina , Iqbal Muhammad , Ramadhanti Auliya , Rini Endah Febri Setiya
Published: January 2021

Attitude is a form of one's perception of an object which is depicted through the expression of accepting, rejecting, or ignoring. Discipline attitude is the accuracy in following the rules of the game that has been agreed upon. The purpose of this study was to describe the disciplinary attitudes of student learning towards four indicators in SMP Negeri 16 Jambi City. The research method uses descriptive research. The instrument used was a learning discipline attitude questionnaire. The sample in the study amounted to 69 students. The sampling technique in this study was total sampling. The research instrument used was a learning discipline attitude questionnaire. The questionnaire data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with the help of SPSS 21. The results showed that the learning discipline attitude of dominant students in the category always consisted of 2 indicators, namely obeying and obeying school rules and good attention when learning in class, and also The attitude of student learning discipline is dominant in the frequent category which consists of 2 indicators, namely managing study time at home diligently and regularly studying and doing assignments. Based on the results of the study, it was found that students' learning discipline attitude at SMP Negeri 16 Jambi City in 4 indicators had a positive attitude in the always and often category.
Analysis of Interest and Scientific Literacy Skills of Senior High School in Learning Physics
Authors: Fadila Dian , Suliyanah Suliyanah , Deta Utama Alan
Published: January 2021

Scientific literacy is a person's ability to understand science, communicate science, and apply scientific knowledge to solve problems so that they have high attitudes and sensitivity to themselves and their environment in making decisions based on scientific considerations.  This study aims to determine the understanding of high school students regarding scientific literacy and to determine the effect of high school students' interest in learning on science literacy learning outcomes.  This study involved 201 high school students in Surabaya, Sidoarjo and Gresik.  This study uses a mixed-method, namely, by using a quantitative approach and a qualitative approach.  Quantitative analysis was perform using regression and correlation tests.  The qualitative research obtains from questionnaires and interviews with students. The answers from students categorized into four levels, namely a score of 0 (did not answer the questions), score 1 (responded to questions but not quite right), score 2 (answered correctly) and score 3 (answered correctly)  with exact categories).  From the research results, it can conclude that students' understanding of scientific literacy is still low.  The regression test where the significance value is 0.095> 0.05, which means that there is no influence of students' interest in learning on the results of students' scientific literacy skills, while the correlation test shows that the correlation between students' interests and the effects of scientific literacy skills (r)  is 0.118.  This indicates that there is a shallow relationship between students 'interest in learning and the consequences of high school students' scientific literacy skills.  This research recommended that students can improve their understanding of scientific literacy by getting used to reading scientific literacy before learning begins so that students' interest in reading scientific phenomena increases.
İSLAM HUKUKU AÇISINDAN KOOPERATİFLERİN HUKUKİ NİTELİĞİ
Authors: AYDIN Aytaç
Published: January 2021

Ülkemizde kooperatifler önceleri “teşekkül” olarak adlandırılmış daha sonra “ortaklık” ve son olarak 6102 sayılı Kanunla “ticaret şirketleri” arasında sayılmıştır. Ancak geçmişten günümüze hukukçular bu tanımlamaların kooperatifin hukuki niteliğini yeterince ifade etmediğini belirtmişler ve bu tartışmalar Yargıtay kararlarına da yansımıştır. Günümüz hukukunda kendine has özellikleri olan tüzel kişiliği haiz sosyo-ekonomik “birlik” olarak tanımlanmasına dair görüşler ağırlık kazanmıştır. İslam hukuku açısından kooperatifler konusu ağırlıklı olarak “sigorta kooperatifleri” kapsamında tartışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda teberru ve yardımlaşma esasına dayalı sigortalar caiz olarak değerlendirilirken ticari sigortalar bazı İslam hukukçuları tarafından caiz görülmemiştir. Ülkemizde sigorta kooperatifleri dışında yirmiden fazla kooperatif şirketi çeşidi vardır. Zaman zaman bu şirketlerin İslam hukuku açısından uygunluğuna ve kooperatiflerin tamamını kuşatıcı şekilde “İslam hukuku açısından kooperatiflerin hukuki niteliği”ne dair sorular gelmektedir. Bu konudaki sorulara cevap olması ve bu alandaki boşluğu doldurması amacıyla bu çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulmuştur.Konumuzla ilgili Kanun, tüzük ve yönetmelikler taranarak “ortaklıklar ve kooperatif hukuku” ile ilgili hem güncel hukuk literatüründen hem de klasik ve çağdaş İslam hukuk literatüründen istifade edilmiştir. Ayrıca, kanun ile ilgisi çerçevesinde AAOIFI (The Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions Shari’ah Standards) standartları da taranarak konu tahlil edilmiştir. Çalışmamızda, İslam hukukunda kooperatifler isimsiz akitler kapsamında, akit şirketleri içinde değerlendirilmiş olup, kendine has özeliği olan yeni bir ticari şirket çeşidi olarak nitelendirilmiştir. Kooperatif şirketi anasözleşme ve işlemlerinde “garar”, “riba”, “cehâlet”, “kumar” gibi özellikleri taşımayacak şekilde kurgulanarak İslam akit teorisi kapsamındaki sabit ilke, hüküm ve değerlerle örtüşmesinin zorunluluğu ortaya konulmuştur.
Inferência Bayesiana aplicada em modelo de regressão linear e modelo espacial: Uma abordagem sobre a estrutura de covariância entre os dados geoestatísticos
Authors: Bragança Rondinelli Gomes
Published: January 2021

Modelos estatísticos servem para descrever o comportamento probabilístico de fenômenos de interesse permitindo analisá-los, prevê-los e tomar decisões pertinentes. Modelos de regressão linear são muito utilizados em diversas áreas. Esses modelos possuem suposições fortes como independência entre os erros que em geral não se ajustam a dados espaciais, já que estes dados permitem que haja dependência na estrutura de covariância dos erros. Portanto, modelos de regressão linear podem ser comparados com modelos espaciais. Dados espaciais podem ser divididos em 3 tipos: padrão de pontos, dados de área e dados geoestatísticos. Esse trabalho visa avaliar modelos de regressão linear inicialmente e posteriormente compará-los aos modelos espaciais para dados geoestatísticos através da função de covariância exponencial. Parâmetros desconhecidos são encontrados nesses modelos e a inferência adotada nesse trabalho é a Bayesiana por permitir que a crença inicial do especialista seja incorporada a modelagem, aumentando a quantidade de informação avaliada e melhorando portanto as estimativas. Ao ajustar os modelos sob conjuntos de dados simulados é possível verificar a capacidade dos ajustes recuperarem os verdadeiros valores dos parâmetros e selecionar o verdadeiro modelo. O presente artigo é resultado do interesse em analisar o ajuste do modelo de regressão linear com conjunto de dados artificiais com dependência espacial e comparar esse ao ajuste do modelo espacial, mais especificamente, a partir de dados geoestatísticos.
The structure and prevalence of dento-maxillary anomalies and deformations in adolescents with hereditarily caused pathology
Authors: Samedov F. V. , Yusupov R. D. , Harutyunyan Yu. S. , Kondratyeva T. A. , Domenyuk D. A.
Published: January 2021

The high frequency of connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) in the pediatric population, its negative impact on the course of diseases of the dentoalveolar system predetermine the need to make additions to the standards of diagnosis and treatment of this category of patients. Depending on the severity of external phenotypic manifestations and laboratory, clinical and instrumental signs, among 114 adolescents 12–16 years old with general pathology, as well as the clinical symptom complex of CTD, groups with mild, moderate and severe undifferentiated dysplasia were formed. The control group consisted of 37 adolescents of the I and II health groups, matched by sex and age. The first stage of CTD diagnostics involves the identification and scoring of external dysplastic signs, the second stage of diagnostics includes an indepth clinical and instrumental examination to identify visceral CTD manifestations. It was found that the prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies and deformities in combination with signs of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia in adolescence exceeds the frequency of detecting dentoalveolar anomalies and deformities in children of the control group by 1.4–10.9 times. It has been proven that the most informative phenotypic signs in patients with CTD and occlusive disorders are stigmas from the maxillofacial region (anomalies in the position of the teeth, high (Gothic) palate, deformation of the Spee occlusal curve, narrowing and deformation of the dentition, anomalies of attachment of the frenum of the tongue and lips ), bone-skeletal (hypermobility of joints, flat feet, clinodactyly, osteochondrosis, poor posture, anomalies of the skull, deformities of the limbs and chest), ectodermal (hyper-extensibility of the skin, thin, easily injured skin) and muscle (hypotonia of muscles). The presence of at least six informative dysplastic signs in dental patients is an objective criterion for an unclassified CTD phenotype.
Problems of diagnostics and treatment of xerostomia. Current view
Authors: Volosova E. V. , Panin A. M. , Tsitsiashvili A. M. , Shishkanov A. V. , Nilva A. I.
Published: January 2021

In this article there are described urgent problems of diagnostics and treatment of xerostomia and established positions in interpretation of the term “xerostomia” and their fundamental provisions are considered. Also there is presented a survey of the different kinds of xerostomia, including discovered. The presence of existing clinical and practical problems and the absence of common exposition of xerostomia create some premises of the further explorations and development of this thematic area.
Choice of optimal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug from position of cardiologist
Authors: Melnik M. G.
Published: January 2021

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a large and extremely heterogeneous group of drugs that have a single mechanism of action and therapeutic activity. The article lists their main subgroups by chemical structure and selectivity of action, describes the most typical side effects due to the pharmacodynamic characteristics of drugs, explains the reasons for their formation, and describes the cardiovascular complications they cause. Taking into account the lack of the desired safety of classical NSAIDs for cardiological practice, the possibility of optimizing their tolerance with the help of modern generations of cyclooxygenase inhibitors, namely the dextrorotatory S-enantiomer of ketoprofen – dexketoprofen trometamol (Dexketoprofen-SZ, «Severnaya Zvezda», Russia) was considered. The drug is distinguished by high efficiency and low risk of cardiovascular toxicity, which makes it widely used in symptomatic therapy of cardiac patients.
Evaluation of anesthesia manual for strabismus correction surgeries in outpatient practice among children and impact of anesthesia on early recovery after surgery
Authors: Yousafzai I. , Butrov A. B. , Rybina D. M.
Published: January 2021

The majority of strabismus correction surgeries are performed in outpatient conditions. Improving the quality of pain management is essential to avoid undesirable events, especially among children after general anesthesia during strabismus surgery. The use of opioid analgesia during surgery may be accompanied by a higher risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting, as well as longer sedation leading to delayed discharge from hospital. The local 0.4% hydrochloride oxybuprocaine anesthetic has a local pro-active analgesic effect on the operated eye prior to the surgical incision, and later the additional use of drops in the surgical field eliminates the need for further analgesic administration in the perioperative and postoperative period without any subsequent sedation or significant nausea and vomiting episodes that are observed with intravenous fentanyl injection. The results of the study showed that the local application of 0.4% oxybuprocaine is comparable in the effect with intravenous fentanyl injection in achieving the desired optimal effect in the perioperative and postoperative periods and contributes to discharge from hospital in the near future.
Study on Isomeric Impurities in Cefotiam Hydrochloride
Authors: Tian Ye , Chong Xiao-Meng , Liu Ying , Han Ying , Hu Chang-Qin , Yao Shang-chen , Xu Ming-Zhe
Published: January 2021

In this study, two isomeric impurities were identified in cefotiam hydrochloride injection preparation and were characterized. Column-switching HPLC-MS and NMR techniques were used to identify the impurity 1 as the Δ3(4) isomers of cefotiam. Using software-based calculations, it was predicted that neither of the isomeric impurities was embryotoxic. This study provides a reference for the production, storage, and quality control of cefotiam and related cephalosporin antibiotics.
Ethical Challenges With Smartwatch-Based Screening for Atrial Fibrillation: Putting Users at Risk for Marketing Purposes?
Authors: Predel Christopher , Steger Florian
Published: January 2021

Background:Atrial fibrillation is the most common persistent arrhythmia. It is associated with increased mortality and morbidity such as stroke. The early detection of atrial fibrillation can significantly reduce the risk of stroke through preventive anticoagulation. Smartwatches offer the opportunity to screen for atrial fibrillation in the general population. This paper aims to analyze the ethical challenges associated with screening for atrial fibrillation using smartwatches.

Methods:This is an ethical analysis. The methodology is based on the principle-orientated approach of Beauchamp and Childress. The principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and autonomy have to be guaranteed given the influence of private companies, privacy protection, liability and doctor-patient-relationship. The work is based on a systematic literature research.

Results:There is currently no evidence that screening for atrial fibrillation with smartwatches improves the outcome and reduces the number of adverse events. The high number of false-positive results can lead to harm. The principle of non-maleficence is violated. The over-reliance on and the lack of adequate education by smartwatches can worsen the doctor-patient relationship. However, the relationship can also be improved by the proactive participation of the patient, which leads to greater autonomy, compliance and in the end beneficence. Since smartwatches are consumer goods, there is a risk for greater disparities in the poor and rich population. There is also a risk of discrimination against ethnic minorities due to underrepresentation in training data and study cohorts. The principle of justice is violated. The storage of sensitive medical data by private companies also raises many ethical and legal concerns.

Conclusion:This analysis has shown that the use of smartwatches to detect atrial fibrillation is currently in an ethical perspective problematic. The lack of evidence and the high number of false-positive results can lead to harm. As smartwatches provide only little information about the possible consequences, informed consent cannot be assumed. Ethical implementation could be archived if doctors provide smartwatches to patients who have been shown to benefit from them. The implementation and education should be managed by the doctor.
Precursor-Based Earthquake Prediction Research: Proposal for a Paradigm-Shifting Strategy
Authors: Szakács Alexandru
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the controversial topic of the precursor-based earthquake prediction, based on a personal perspective intending to stir the current still waters of the issue after twenty years have passed since the influential debate on earthquake prediction hosted by Nature in 1999. The article challenges the currently dominant pessimistic view on precursor-based earthquake prediction resting on the “impossible in principle” paradigm. Instead, it suggests that a concept-based innovative research strategy is the key to obtain significant results, i.e., a possible paradigm shift, in this domain. The basic concept underlying such a possible strategy is the “precursory fingerprint” of individual seismic structures derived from the uniqueness of the structures themselves. The aim is to find as many unique fingerprints as possible for different seismic structures worldwide, covering all earthquake typologies. To achieve this, a multiparameter approach involving all possible sensor types (physical, chemical, and biological) of the highest available sensitivity and artificial intelligence could be used. The findings would then be extrapolated to other similar structures. One key issue is the emplacement location of the sensor array in privileged “sensitive” Earth surface sites (such as volcanic conduits) where the signal-to-noise ratio is maximized, as suggested in the article. The strategy envisages three stages: experimental phase, validation, and implementation. It inherently could be a costly, multidisciplinary, international, and long-term (i.e., multidecade) endeavor with no guaranteed success, but less adventurous and societally more significant to the currently running and well-funded SETI Project.
Experimental Constraints on Homogenization of Plagioclase-Hosted Melt Inclusions From Plagioclase Ultraphyric Basalts
Authors: Lewis Kristen R. , Ustunisik Gokce K. , Nielsen Roger L.
Published: January 2021

Study of melt inclusions (MIs) is a commonly applied method for defining the composition of magmas present at depth prior to mixing, fractionation, and degassing. Our ability to use data from MIs is complicated by post-entrapment processes (PEP) that can modify their composition during transport and eruption. Many of the PEP can be reversed by heating the MIs to temperatures near those at which the MI and its host were formed. However, the process of reversing PEP by homogenization may introduce changes in MI compositions, making interpretation difficult. We present a series of low and high pressure homogenization experiments on plagioclase-hosted MIs from Plagioclase Ultraphyric Basalts (PUBs) designed to develop a methodology for recovering the composition at the time of entrapment of plagioclase-hosted MIs. These experiments included low pressure (1 bar) homogenization experiments conducted as a time series for 30 min, 4 h, 1 day, 4 days, and 8 days), and at 7.5 kbar for 2 and 4 days. The 7.5 kbar pressure used for the high pressure experiments was based on the CO2-based entrapment pressures determined from MI from this sample. Experiments run at low pressure and run times of 4 and 8 days exhibited compositional drift, most notably in the form of increasing MgO in MIs. This drift was not observed at 7.5 kbars or for the shorter run time 1 atm experiments. These results are consistent with a model where drift in composition with time is caused by crystal relaxation driven by the high internal pressure within the MI (the pressure at which the MI formed), together with the lower confining pressure during homogenization (1 bar). Therefore, MI homogenization will produce the least amount of drift if runs are made for short time periods (∼30 min) or at the pressure of entrapment.
Ground Magnetic Surveying and Susceptibility Mapping Across Weathered Basalt Dikes Reveal Soil Creep and Pedoturbation
Authors: von Dobeneck Tilo , Müller Maximilian , Bosbach Benjamin , Klügel Andreas
Published: January 2021

Ground magnetic survey profiles across a soil-covered and weathered mafic dike in sedimentary host rock not only permit to delineate the strike, width and burial depth of the intrusive basalt sheet, but also reflect the subsurface deformation of its clayey weathering products. We illustrate this finding and its practical geomorphological applicability by an example from the mid-German Heldburg Dike Swarm, where blue- and olive-gray basalt-derived clays inherited not just the dike space previously occupied by the basalt, but also large parts of its magnetic iron minerals and their strong induced and remanent magnetization. Such ductile basaltic “marker soils” deform and move with the surrounding low-magnetic host soils, but remain distinguishable by their contrasting colors and high magnetic susceptibility. Ground magnetic surveys can therefore delineate soil creep distance at meter- and basalt weathering depth at decimeter-precision. Magnetic mapping of a weathered dike’s cross-section from an exploration trench by in-situ susceptometry permits to analyze past soil deformation in great detail. Weathering and solifluction transforms the simple “vertical sheet” anomalies of dikes into complex, but still interpretable composite patterns, providing a new and promising exploratory approach for field studies concerned with soil creep and pedoturbation.
Does Urbanization Promote Regional Industrial Environmental Efficiency? A Comparison of Economic Development-Oriented Regions and Environmental Governance-Oriented Regions
Authors: Sun Liangping , Li Leiming , Li Yongqing , Liu Bingquan
Published: January 2021

The promotion of industrial environmental efficiency (IEE) has attracted considerable attention from scholars and policymakers. Previous studies have focused on the factors driving IEE without considering the leader-follower relationship between the two stages of IEE and have used aggregated indicators to detect the effect of urbanization on IEE. In this study, we open the “black box” of IEE and regard it as a serial system comprised of the economic development (ED) stage and the environmental governance (EG) stage. We select typical provinces belonging to the ED-oriented regions and EG-oriented regions for our analysis. We quantify IEE by using the slack-based model (SBM), decompose the effect of urbanization into four typical factors and detect the effect of the urbanization-related factors by using a tobit regression model. Next, we compare the effect of the urbanization-related factors in the different regions. The results show that overall, in 2011–2015, IEE in the different regions was low and fluctuating, and it increased in ED-oriented regions while remaining stable in EG-oriented regions. The IEE of the ED-oriented regions was always higher than that of the EG-oriented regions, with the gap increasing over time. The IEE of the two stages varied in each type of region. Urbanization-related factors had different effects on the IEE of the different stages in the two types of region, and the same factor had significantly different effects in different regions.
The Effect of Crystal Mismatch on the Thermoelectric Performance Enhancement of Nano Cu2Se
Authors: Demirci Yunus , Yusuf Aminu , Hamawandi Bejan , Toprak Muhammet S. , Ballikaya Sedat
Published: January 2021

In the past decades, Cu2−xSe compounds have attracted great attention due to the inclusion of non-toxic and abundant elements, besides having a promising thermoelectric (TE) performance. In this work, we investigated the effect of a crystal mismatch of a nanoinclusion phase on the TE properties of Cu2−xSe. Nano-Cu2Se was synthesized using microwave assisted thermolysis, while the p-type skutterudite, Fe3.25Co0.75Sb12 (FeCoSb), compound was synthesized using a chemical alloying route. Nano-Cu2Se, and (nano-Cu2Se)1−x(nano-FeCoSb)x composites, where x = 0.05 and 0.1, were prepared via mechanical alloying followed by Spark Plasma Sintering process. Structural properties were evaluated by PXRD and SEM analysis, while the high temperature transport properties were examined via electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity measurements in the temperature range of 300–800 K. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) confirmed a single phase of nano Cu2Se, while the samples with FeCoSb inclusion consist of two phases as Cu2Se and CoSb3. SEM micrographs of all samples show that Cu2Se has randomly oriented grains with different sizes. Cu2Se samples with a FeCoSb inclusion show a rather different structure. In these samples, a rod-shaped FeCoSb phase, with a size varying between 20 and 100 nm, showed an inhomogeneous distribution in the structure and stacked between the Cu2Se layers. Transport data indicate that crystal mismatch between Cu2Se and FeCoSb has a strong effect on the TE transport properties. Electrical conductivity decreases but Seebeck coefficient enhances with nano FeCoSb inclusion. Total thermal conductivity was suppressed by 30% and ZT value enhanced by 15% with 5% nano FeCoSb inclusion at 750 K, likely due to a decrease in the electronic contribution of the thermal conductivity. Structural and transport data show that small amount of nanoinclusion of FeCoSb has a beneficial effect on the TE performance of nano Cu2Se at temperatures below 800 K.
Scarred Lung. An Update on Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Jarzebska Natalia , Karetnikova Ekaterina S. , Markov Alexander G. , Kasper Michael , Rodionov Roman N. , Spieth Peter M.
Published: January 2021

Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis is a common severe long-time complication of radiation therapy for tumors of the thorax. Current therapeutic options used in the clinic include only supportive managements strategies, such as anti-inflammatory treatment using steroids, their efficacy, however, is far from being satisfactory. Recent studies have demonstrated that the development of lung fibrosis is a dynamic and complex process, involving the release of reactive oxygen species, activation of Toll-like receptors, recruitment of inflammatory cells, excessive production of nitric oxide and production of collagen by activated myofibroblasts. In this review we summarized the current state of knowledge on the pathophysiological processes leading to the development of lung fibrosis and we also discussed the possible treatment options.
Texture Analysis of 18F-FDG PET/CT for Differential Diagnosis Spinal Metastases
Authors: Fan Xin , Zhang Han , Yin Yuzhen , Zhang Jiajia , Yang Mengdie , Qin Shanshan , Zhang Xiaoying , Yu Fei
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the value of texture analysis for the differential diagnosis of spinal metastases and to improve the diagnostic performance of 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) for spinal metastases.

Methods: This retrospective analysis of patients who underwent PET/CT between December 2015 and January 2020 at Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital due to high FDG uptake lesions in the spine included 45 cases of spinal metastases and 44 cases of benign high FDG uptake lesions in the spine. The patients were randomly divided into a training group of 65 and a test group of 24. Seventy-two PET texture features were extracted from each lesion, and the Mann-Whitney U-test was used to screen the training set for texture parameters that differed between the two groups in the presence or absence of spinal metastases. Then, the diagnostic performance of the texture parameters was screened out by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Texture parameters with higher area under the curve (AUC) values than maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) were selected to construct classification models using logistic regression, support vector machines, and decision trees. The probability output of the model with high classification accuracy in the training set was used to compare the diagnostic performance of the classification model and SUVmax using the ROC curve. For all patients with spinal metastases, survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression.

Results: There were 51 texture parameters that differed meaningfully between benign and malignant lesions, of which four had higher AUC than SUVmax. The texture parameters were input to build a classification model using logistic regression, support vector machine, and decision tree. The accuracy of classification was 87.5, 83.34, and 75%, respectively. The accuracy of the manual diagnosis was 84.27%. Single-factor survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method showed that intensity was correlated with patient survival.

Conclusion: Partial texture features showed higher diagnostic value for spinal metastases than SUVmax. The machine learning part of the model combined with the texture parameters was more accurate than manual diagnosis. Therefore, texture analysis may be useful to assist in the diagnosis of spinal metastases.