bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synovial sarcoma of the oral cavity: Report of 4 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Desai Sharad , Pol Jaydeep , Patil Dipti , Hormuzdi Dinshaw , Shinde Rajwardhan , Goyal Prachi , Kaushal Swapnil
Published: July 2023

Synovial sarcoma is a rare and high-grade soft tissue tumour that rarely affects the head and neck region. Approximately 90% of synovial sarcomas are seen in the extremities. About 5 to 10% occur in the head and neck region with high incidences in the parapharyngeal space and hypopharynx. In the oral cavity, synovial sarcoma has been reported in the buccal mucosa, tongue, floor of the mouth, the retromolar region, hard and soft palates, the gingivobuccal sulcus and the mandible. In this paper, we report 4 very rare cases of monophasic synovial sarcoma of the oral cavity and highlight the need for proper diagnosis and treatment plan in the cases of synovial sarcoma. So far, around 250 cases of synovial sarcoma of head and neck have been reported in the literature. In India, on extensive literature search we could retrieve 18 cases of synovial sarcoma involving the head and neck region, of these 11 cases of primary synovial sarcoma involving the oral cavity have been reported previously. To our knowledge, this is the first series of primary synovial sarcoma of the oral cavity in the Indian literature.
Anaesthesiologic and intensive care particularities in cervical surgery
Authors: Zoican Olimpia Iulia , Sarafoleanu Codrut
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND. Endotracheal intubation is frequently used to maintain airways proper functioning during elective surgical operations, in intensive care and in emergency rooms. The pathology of the oropharyngeal and laryngeal area or that of the cervical area induces, in most cases, changes in the airways, especially in the sense of their narrowing or deviation. The presence of tumors on the oro-pharyngo-laryngeal axis, some bleeding easily spontaneously or upon touch, can make the anaesthetic procedure difficult.

MATERIAL AND METHODS. We conducted a prospective, observational study on 50 patients with cervical pathology who required general anaesthesia during 2019-2021. The criteria and parameters analysed for predicting difficult intubation were the duration of orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation, difficult face mask ventilation, Cormack-Lehane and Mallampati scores, anthropometric determinations of various cervical landmarks, including the thyromental distance, the distance between the arytenoid cartilages and the distance from the plane of the arytenoid cartilages to the skin, both of the latter determined ultrasonographically.

RESULTS. The following statistically significant differences emerge from the study: the duration of orotracheal intubation (p<0.001), the difficulty of face mask ventilation (p<0.001), the intercondylar distance (p=0.042), the intermastoid distance (p=0.023), the Cormack-Lehane score (p=0.013), the Mallampati score (p=0.004), the distance between the arytenoid cartilages (p=0.007), the distance between the plane of the arytenoid cartilages and the skin (p<0.001). All were increased in patients with tumoral pathology.

CONCLUSION. The study demonstrates the variation of new criteria and parameters that can be analysed for the prediction of a difficult airway, identifies the efficiency of using ultrasound whenever possible in the preanesthetic evaluation of the airway, and quantifies the risk of difficulty in airway management based on anthropometric data, particularly through the occurrence of asymmetry at the cervical or facial level.
Pengaruh Perbandingan Terigu dan Pati Garut (Maranta arundinacea L.) Termodifikasi Autoclaving-Cooling Terhadap Karakteristik Mi Basah
Authors: Gandhes Sekarjati Agnes Monika , Diah Puspawati Gusti Ayu Kadek , Sri Wiadnyani Anak Agung Istri
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to determine the ratio effect of wheat flour and autoclaving-cooling modified arrowroot starch on the characteristics of wet noodle and to obtain the correct comparison of wheat flour and autoclaving-cooling modified arrowroot starch to produce wet noodle with the best characteristics. The research method used a Randomized Block Design with comparison treatment of wheat flour and autoclaving-cooling modified arrowroot starch consisted in 6 levels (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50). The treatment was repeated 2 times to obtain 12 experimental units. The data were analyzed statistically using the variance test and if the treatment had a significant effect to observed variables, it was continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The result showed that the comparison of wheat flour and autoclaving-cooling modified arrowroot starch has a significant effect (P<0.05) on moisture content, ash content, protein content, elasticity, water absorption, and cooking loss. The best treatment was the 70:30 comparison of wheat flour and autoclaving-cooling modified arrowroot starch with the characteristics 34.59% of moisture content, 0.33% of ash content, 6.12% of protein content, 13,00% of elasticity, 425,26% of water absorption, 11,47% of elasticity, also sensory evaluation color was liked, aroma was liked, texture was chewy and liked, taste was liked, and overall acceptance was liked.
Pengaruh Perbandingan Mocaf (Modified Cassava Flour) Dan Tepung Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) Terhadap Karakteristik Fisikokimia Dan Sensoris Flakes Gluten Free
Authors: Priyanka Saraswati Putu , Sri Wiadnyani Anak Agung Istri , Ari Yusasrini Ni Luh
Published: July 2023

Flakes that are sold in Indonesia’s market are mostly made of wheat or cereal. Most of the nutritional content in flakes is carbohydrates, but people need complete nutrition for breakfast. Mocaf and peanut flour can be used to improve the nutritional value of flakes. This study aims to determine the physico-chemical and sensory properties of gluten free flakes made of mocaf and groundnut flour and also to obtain the right ratio of mocaf and peanut flour to produce flakes with the best physicochemical and sensory properties. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with a ratio of the amount of mocaf and groundnut flour (100%:0%, 90%:10%, 80%:20%, 70%:30%, and 60%:40%). All treatments were repeated three times to obtain 15 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed by means of variance and if the treatment had a significant effect, continued with the Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the ratio of mocaf and groundnut flour had a significant effect on water content, ash content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content, crude fiber content, crunch time, scoring test on color, aroma, taste, hedonic test on color, aroma, texture, taste, and overall acceptance. A comparison of 70% mocaf and 30% groundnut flour produced flakes with the best physico-chemical and sensory properties with the criteria of water content 3.87%, ash content 1.65%, protein content 9.18%, fat content 24.00%, carbohydrate content 61.45%, crude fiber content 2.76%, crunch time 6.50 minutes, as well as sensory properties of light brown color and liked, peanuts flavored and liked, crunchy texture and liked, taste very liked and overall acceptance liked.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Sukrosa terhadap Karakteristik Susu Kacang Merah (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Terfermentasi dengan Isolat Lactobacillus rhamnosus SKG34
Authors: Puspa Handayani Luh Komang , Nocianitri Komang Ayu , Suparthana I Putu
Published: July 2023

This research aims to identify the effect of sucrose concentration on the characteristics of fermented red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) milk with isolate of Lactobacillus rhamnosus SKG34 and knowing the right amount of sucrose concentration to produce fermented red bean milk as probiotic drink with the best characteristics. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with concentration of sucrose as the main factor which consists of 6 levels including 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5%. The treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 18 experimental units. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and if the treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the observed variables, it was continued with Duncan New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). The results showed that the treatment of sucrose concentration had a significant effect on the total LAB, total sugar, total acid, pH, preference value for taste, aroma, texture, sweet and sour taste score, and overall acceptance of fermented red bean milk but had no significant effect to the value of color preference. The 10% sucrose concentration produced a fermented red bean milk with the best characteristics that including the criteria for total LAB 11.54 Log CFU/ml, total sugar 14.72%, total acid 0.57%, pH value 4.67, the color was liked, taste sweet and slightly sour were liked, the aroma was slightly liked, slightly thick texture and overall acceptance were liked.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ragi Rhizopus oligosporus DP02 Bali Terhadap Karakteristik Tempe Kacang Gude (Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp)
Authors: Nathania Saraswati Anisha , Duniaji Agus Selamet , Trisna Darmayanti Luh Putu
Published: July 2023

The research was conducted with the aims to determine the effect of mold concentration with Rhizopus oligosporus DP02 Bali on the characteristic of pigeon peas tempeh and to determine the appropriate yeast concentration to produce tempeh with the best characteristic. The experimental design that used in this research was a completely randomized design with the treatment consisting of 5 levels of mold concentration, namely: 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%. Each treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 15 experimental units. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and if there was a significant effect, the Duncan Multiple Range Test were perfomed. The results showed the yeast concentration had a significant effect on water content, ash content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content, crude fiber content, color (hedonic and scoring test), taste (hedonic test), texture (hedonic and scoring test), and overall acceptance (hedonic test) and had no effect on the aroma (hedonic test). The result show that the tempeh with a concentration of 5% yeast resulting the best tempeh characteristic with the criteria of 62.64% water content, 0.69% ash content, 9.66% protein content, 3.31% fat content, 23.70% carbohydrate content, 11.13% crude fiber content, color sensory test, aroma, taste, texture, overall acceptance are liked.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ragi Rhizopus oligosporus DP02 BALI TERHADAP Karakteristik Tempe Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata, L.)
Authors: Izzah Karimatul , Duniaji Agus Selamet , Ayu Ekawati I Gusti
Published: July 2023

The research was conducted with the aims to determine the effect of yeast concentration with Rhizopus oligosporus DP02 Bali on the characteristics of green bean tempeh and to determine the righ yeast concentration to produce green bean tempeh with the best characteristic. The research used completely randomized design with yeast concentration consisting of 5 different levels as the treatment, namely 1%, 1,5%, 2%, 2,5%, and 3%. Each levels was repeated 3 times to obtain 15 experimental units. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, and if there was a significant effect, the Duncan Multiple Range Test were perfomed. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect on the green bean tempeh water content, ash content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content, curd fiber content, aroma, taste, texture, color, and overall acceptance. Yeast concentration of 3% produced the green bean tempeh with the best characteristics with water content of 54.17%, ash content of 0.60% , protein content of 8.22%, fat content of 2.53%, carbohydrate content of 33.79%, curd fiber content of 9.48%, and characteristics of color was liked, taste was liked, texture was liked, and overall acceptance was liked.
Pengaruh Perbandingan Terigu dan Tepung Ubi Jalar Cilembu (Ipomoea Batatas (L). Lam Cv. Cilembu) terhadap Karakteristik Kue Putu Ayu
Authors: Nuriya Kiromi Ay , Kencana Putra I Nengah , Ekawati I Gusti Ayu
Published: July 2023

Putu Ayu cake is a type of wet cake originated from central of java. The main ingredient for making putu ayu cake is wheat flour. Indonesia is still dependent on wheat. What needs to be done to avoid dependence on wheat flour is food diversification, one of which is using Cilembu sweet potato flour. This study aimed to determine the effect of the ratio of wheat flour and Cilembu sweet potato flour on the characteristics of the putu ayu cake and to obtain the right ratio of flour and sweet potato cilembu flour to produce the best putu ayu cake. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with the treatment of the ratio of wheat flour and cilembu sweet potato flour (100%:0%, 90%:10%, 80%:20%, 70%:30%, 60%: 40%, 50%:50%). Parameters observed in this study included water content, ash content, fat content, protein content, carbohydrate content, crude fiber content, swelling power and sensory assessment including color, taste, aroma and overall acceptance. The data obtained were analyzed by the analysis of variance and if there was an effect of treatment on the observed parameters, then it was continued with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The ratio of 60% wheat flour with 40% cilembu sweet potato flour produced the best putu ayu cake with the characteristics: water content 44.99%, ash content 0.72%, protein content 6.42%, fat content 23.02%, carbohydrates 24.83 %, crude fiber content 5.95%, swellability 22.66%, and had sensory properties with overall acceptance criteria “like”.
Ethnobotany of natural dyes of futus woven fabrics used by Dawan Tribe in North Central Timor Regency
Authors: Bria Emilia Juliyanti , Bani Polikarpia Wilhelmina , Hanas Dicky Frengky , Bano Elinora Naikteas , Tefa Yofrida
Published: July 2023

Futus is a term used by the Dawan people to refer to woven fabrics produced by the ikat technique which is applied in the yarn dyeing process. This woven cloth is one of the local pearls of wisdom passed down from generation to generation in the Dawan Tribe, North Central Timor District. The dyeing process is an important stage in the processing of woven fabrics that use plants as dyes. This study aims to reveal the types of natural coloring plants for woven fabrics, the plant organs used, and how they are processed. The semi-structured interview method was used in focus group discussions with 38 respondents who are weavers. This study revealed that there are 17 species from 12 plant families that are used as dyes for woven fabrics of the Dawan tribe in the North Central Timor District. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is the most widely used plant. The part of the plant most used as a dye is the leaves, followed by rhizomes, roots, bark, fruit, and seeds. The processing of plants into dyes for woven fabrics consists of two ways, namely boiling and without boiling, each of which produces a different color with a different fixative mixture.
Keanekaragaman lalat buah (Bactrocera spp.) di Sumbawa Barat
Authors: Rusmawati Ika , Tresnani Galuh , Suana I Wayan
Published: July 2023

Pelabuhan Poto Tano di Sumbawa Barat merupakan salah satu pintu masuk perdagangan komoditas hortikultura antarpulau yang berpotensi menjadi media penyebaran lalat buah dari suatu wilayah ke wilayah lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman lalat buah di Sumbawa Barat dan buah-buahan yang menjadi inangnya, serta membahas kemungkinan masuknya lalat buah ke Sumbawa Barat melalui perdagangan komoditas hortikultura antarpulau. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive random sampling. Lalat buah dikoleksi dengan perangkap (trapping) dan pemeliharaan inang (host rearing). Hasil penelitian menemukan 14 spesies lalat buah Bactrocera spp. dengan indeks keanekaragaman (H’) 1,44 (kategori sedang), indeks dominansi (D) 3,19 (kategori tinggi), indeks kemerataan (E) 0,54 (kategori sedang). B. dorsalis dan B. carambolae merupakan spesies yang mendominasi serta memiliki kisaran inang yang luas. Tanaman yang menjadi inang lalat buah sebagian besar merupakan buah komersial yang terdiri dari 12 spesies buah-buahan. Tidak ditemukan bukti yang kuat untuk menyatakan bahwa selama 10 tahun terakhir terjadi penambahan spesies lalat buah di Sumbawa Barat akibat adanya lalu lintas perdagangan buah antarpulau.
Pemilahan Benih Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) serta Hubungan Ukuran Benih dengan Mutu Benih
Authors: Rosyadita Hielga Bariq , Zamzami Ahmad , Diaguna Ridwan
Published: July 2023

Kedelai merupakan komoditas penting di Indonesia yang produksi nasionalnya masih tergolong rendah sehingga belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan nasional. Produksi nasional dapat ditingkatkan dengan penggunaan benih bermutu. Mutu benih berkaitan dengan ukuran benih. Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh ukuran benih terhadap mutu benih kedelai. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan faktor tunggal berupa ukuran benih. Taraf ukuran benih yang diuji adalah ukuran besar, sedang, kecil, dan campuran, diulang sebanyak tiga ulangan. Penelitian secara terpisah dilakukan terhadap varietas Grobogan dan Demas 1. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran benih berpengaruh secara beragam terhadap beberapa peubah mutu benih. Ukuran benih Grobogan hanya berpengaruh terhadap bobot kering kecambah normal dengan ukuran benih besar merupakan yang terbaik. Sementara itu, ukuran kecil dan campuran pada Demas 1 menghasilkan indeks vigor, bobot kering kecambah normal, dan daya hantar listrik yang terbaik daripada ukuran lainnya. Benih Demas 1 ukuran kecil menunjukkan kemunduran vigor yang relatif lebih rendah setelah pengusangan cepat dibanding ukuran lain. Laju imbibisi dipengaruhi oleh luas penampang yang dibuktikan dengan varietas Grobogan yang memiliki ukuran lebih besar memiliki laju imbibisi yang juga lebih besar dibandingkan benih kedelai Demas 1. Pemilahan benih kedelai sebaiknya memperhatikan ukuran optimal pada masing-masing varietas karena akan berpengaruh terhadap mutu benihnya.
Karakter Daun Buncis Tegak sebagai Respon Adaptasi Intensitas Cahaya Rendah
Authors: Tanjung Dian Diani , Purnamawati Heni , Susila Anas Dinurrohman
Published: July 2023

Buncis tegak (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) memiliki potensi dibudidayakan pada dataran rendah dengan kondisi suhu yang lebih tinggi. Pemberian naungan diharapkan dapat menurunkan suhu lingkungan tetapi informasi dampak morfo-anatomi pada daun buncis ternaungi masih terbatas. Tujuan penelitian adalah memperoleh informasi karakter daun buncis tegak sebagai respon adaptasi intensitas cahaya rendah. Lokasi Penelitian di Kebun Percobaan Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika IPB, ketinggian lokasi 250 m dpl, dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2019 sampai dengan Januari 2020. Desain percobaan Rancangan Petak Tersarang dua faktor empat ulangan. Faktor pertama net dengan intensitas menahan cahaya 25%, dan 50%, serta tanpa naungan (0%) sebagai kontrol. Faktor kedua yaitu buncis tegak varietas Balitsa 2, Balitsa 3, dan buncis rambat Lebat 3 sebagai pembanding. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dengan menurunnya intensitas cahaya, maka luas daun meningkat, tebal daun dan tebal palisade menurun, jumlah stomata dan kerapatan stomata menurun. Hasil analisis pigmen menunjukkan daun buncis yang mendapat intensitas cahaya rendah cenderung beradaptasi untuk mengefisiensikan penangkapan cahaya dengan meningkatkan jumlah klorofil a, klorofil b, total kloroil, dan menurunkan nisbah klorofil a/b daun. Sedangkan pembentukan antosianin di bawah naungan menurunkan kemampuan efisiensi penangkapan cahaya.
THE EFFECT OF NICKEL ADDITION ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES WELDED JOINTS OF LOW CARBON STEEL
Authors: Susetyo Ferry Budhi , Sari Yunita , Setiawidi Yoganantya
Published: July 2023

The SMAW process is a commonly used metal joining method because it is very practical in its use, less cost, and easy availability of equipment. The SMAW process is also easy to operate and can be used in all welding positions. The problem that often occurs in steel construction lies in the welded joints. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the mechanical properties by adding nickel(Ni) to the welded joints. In this research,  electrodes E 6013 and steel of ASTM A 36 was used. The tensile tests, bending tests, hardness tests, macrostructure, and microstructure will be carried out to see changes in mechanical properties. The addition of Ni contributes well to mechanical properties. The tensile strength, face bending, side bending, and hardness increased by 27.6%, 14.5%, 4.8%, and 20.9%, respectively. In the observation of the macrostructure, the porosity was not visible in all samples, while in the microstructure observation, ferrite and pearlite phases were formed in all samples.
LATTICE STRAIN ANALYSIS OF TITANIUM ROD PROCESSED BY EQUAL-CHANNEL ANGULAR PRESSING (ECAP) WITH Bc ROUTE USING X-RAY DIFFRACTION LINE BROADENING ANALYSIS
Authors: Purawiardi R. Ibrahim , Astawa I Nyoman Gede Putrayasa
Published: July 2023

Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) was one of severe plastic deformation method in order to increase the mechanical properties of solid metal without changing its dimension and without adding any alloy elements. The change of mechanical properties on ECAPed metals was caused by the change of lattice strain, so that the lattice strain investigation was recommended for evaluating ECAPed metals. In this study, pure titanium rod was treated by ECAP with Bc route and two passes. Before ECAPed, this titanium rod consisted of two lattice strains i.e. 0.001014 and 0.005241. After ECAPed, a lattice strain of 0.005241 reduces to 0.003205 and 0.003555 after first pass and reduces again to 0.002576 and 0.002647 after two passes. Meanwhile, a lattice strain of 0.001014 was annihilated after ECAP treatment. These results show that ECAP treatment can reduce and eliminate lattice strains on titanium rod. This study also shows that the reduction of lattice strains implicates to the increasing of its hardness value.
THE EFFECT OF SOLUTION HEAT TREATMENT HOLDING TIME VARIATIONS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINUM A-6061 BY THE TIG WELDING PROCESS
Authors: Azwinur Azwinur
Published: July 2023

Aluminum and its alloys are metals that are widely used in the engineering field because its have advantages including good formability, relatively high tensile strength, corrosion resistance and a welding process for the joints. General structure, structures that have poor mechanical properties. To overcome this problem, the material that has been welded is heat treated or heat treated according to temperature and time management) which is suitable in addition to good mechanical properties as well as to reduce residual stresses. The purpose of this research is to determine the tensile strength and hardness value of welding joints of Aluminum 6061 with a variation of Holding Time 1, 2, 3 hours in the Solution Heat Treatment process with a temperature of 5000C. The results showed that based on the results of the tensile test, it showed that the holding time affected the value of the tensile strength and strain of the welding joint where the highest tensile test value was at a holding time of 1 hour, while the highest strain value was at a holding time of 2 hours. Then from the hardness test data, it shows that the heating duration or holding time affects the hardness value of the material both in the weld metal, HAZ, and base metal areas. In the weld metal area, the highest hardness value is at a holding time of 3 hours. The HAZ area has the highest hardness value at a holding time of 2 hours, while the base metal region has the highest hardness value at a holding time of 1 hour.
PLANNING AND MANUFACTURING OF TRANSMISSION OF CORN COB COUNTING EQUIPMENT USING 1 HP ELECTRIC MOTOR WITH A CAPACITY OF 2 KG PER 5 MINUTES
Authors: Nasution Ahmad Yunus , Effendi Riki , Najamudin Muhammad
Published: July 2023

Corn cobs are a cultural problem in the NTB region because they are very influential at post-harvest harvesting. Poor handling of post-harvest corn cobs is a very serious problem in the area. Where corn cobs are only used by the community in general, making corn cobs as a mosquito repellent, by burning corn cobs. Corn cobs are corn residues resulting from shelling seeds which contain potential compounds that can be biologically transformed into other compounds, namely lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. For example, making corn cobs chopper as a tool in handling post-harvest results. The purpose of this plan is to produce an efficient corn cob chopping machine so that it is useful for the community in NTB. The results of observations from the previous tool and processing data will be used to make the design size of the corncob chopper according to the real conditions of the previous tool. The results of the calculation of the transmission system of the corn cob chopper showed that the rotation of the electric motor was 1 HP = 1400 rpm, the shaft diameter was 20 mm, the seat belt used type A with a length of 828.4 mm. The materials used in this corncob chopping knife are as follows: knife = stainless steel material, bearing = cast iron, vant belt = rubber, pulley = aluminum, shaft = S35C-D. From the results of testing the corn cob chopper, 2 kg was obtained in 5 minutes.
EFFECT OF NUMBER OF TRANSITION METAL CATALYST CELLS MANGANESE CATALYTIC CONVERTER ON EXHAUST BASIS EMISSION OUTPUT CARBON MONOXIDE MOTOR GASOLINE
Authors: Irawan RM. Bagus , Pujianto Edi , Amin Moh , Subri Moh
Published: July 2023

The technology used to reduce air pollution is using a Catalytic Converter which is installed on the exhaust gas channel (muffler) of gasoline motorized vehicles. This Catalytic Converter serves to accelerate the oxidation of Hydrocarbon (HC) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) emissions, as well as to reduce Nitrogen Oxide (NOx). In this study it was designed in such a way on a laboratory scale by studying the manganese transition metal material as a supporting copper catalyst, to see the ability of the catalyst to reduce carbon monoxide exhaust emissions. This study aims first to examine the ability of the manganese transition metal catalyst as a support for copper (CuMn) and secondly to examine the effect of increasing the number of catalyst cells on exhaust emission output. The first research results obtained were that the Manganese Transition metal catalyst as a supporting Copper (CuMn) was able to reduce the output of Carbon Monoxide exhaust emissions. Second, the addition of the number of catalyst cells on the Copper (Cu) catalyst did not have a significant effect, while the addition of the number of catalyst cells on the Manganese Transition metal catalyst as a support for Copper, from 5 catalysts to 10 catalysts, was able to reduce the output of Carbon Monoxide exhaust gas more significantly. However, in the number of 15 catalyst cells, the reduction in exhaust emissions was not significant.
THE MACHINE OIL DRAINER DESIGN IN SMALL MEDIUM-SIZE ENTERPRISES (SMEs) OF FOOD PROCESSING OF CASSAVA CHIPS IN CIAMIS DISTRICT
Authors: Riyaldi Slamet , Setiawan Tia
Published: July 2023

Machine technology is currently playing an important part in supporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)' growth and continuity. Oil filtration in cassava chips that are fried in SMEs is also a concern as chips which are not durable, moldy, and poorly smelling. A machine oil drainer is therefore required to prevent this so that SMEs can compete internationally according to the target. Further to the above, the researcher would recommend the design of the oil drainer used by SMEs in the production of cassavas chips. The design uses a case study by SMEs. In addition, to find out productivity level, the comparison before and after the use of an oil drainer is measured at the beginning and the end of the study. A case study technique with the chosen sample, namely the processing of cassava chips in the Ciamis Regency, is the analysis tool used. As for the data source, it is obtained by data collection techniques using questionnaires, interviews, observation, and documentation exploration through primary and secondary data collection. It is understood from the outcomes of the above discussion that the Machine Oil Drainer plays a role in reducing the oil content of cassava chips, where it can work and operate efficiently. If it can make food durable, mold-free, and smell rancid with the System Oil Drainer, the consistency and efficiency of cassava chips are thus growing. The Research output is in the form of a Machine Oil Drainer that can assist in the filtering process to minimize the oil content of cassava chips in Ciamis Regency cassava chips SMEs.
Unjuk kerja catalytic converter katalis tembaga krom terhadap penurunan temperatur emisi bas buang motor bensin
Authors: Irawan RM Bagus , Pujianto Edi , Khairi Muh Faishal
Published: July 2023

Catalytic Converter is a technology used to reduce air pollution which is installed in the exhaust gas (muffler) of gasoline motorized vehicles. This Catalytic Converter serves to accelerate the oxidation of Hydrocarbon (HC) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) gas emissions, as well as to reduce Nitrogen Oxide (NOx). Changes in exhaust emissions mentioned above are strongly influenced by the working temperature of the Catalytic Converter. Chrome Copper metal material as a catalyst material, will be investigated and tested on a laboratory scale, first to see the effect of changes in engine speed to temperature, secondly changes in temperature when using a Catalytic Converter with a Copper catalyst and thirdly changes in temperature when using a Chrome Copper Catalyst in the exhaust gas channel . The results of the study were first obtained that changes in engine speed affect the increase in temperature of the Catalytic Converter, the higher the engine speed the temperature rises and vice versa at low engine speed the temperature tends to decrease. The two installations of the Catalytic Converter caused the temperature to drop, at 3000 rpm engine speed (without the Catalytic Converter) the temperature was 317.5 ºC and fell to 227.36 ºC in 5 catalyst cells, 218 ºC in 10 cells and 230 ºC in 15 cells. (with Cu Catalytic Converter). Whereas in the installation of a Chrome Copper Catalytic Converter, at 3000 rpm engine speed (without Catalytic Converter) the temperatur of 317.5 ºC drops to 237.5 ºC in 5 catalyst cells, 240.84 ºC in 10 cells and 249 ºC in 15 cells, where the decrease in temperatur that occurs is higher with the use of a copper catalyst.
Coolant circulation improvement on the chip tub of the machine lnc okuma 0002 pt. komatsu undercarriage indonesia
Authors: Prastama Muhammad Aditya Artha , Gusniar Iwan Nugraha
Published: July 2023

In general, coolant is a cooling medium used to cool workpieces and cutting tools during the machining process. In PT Komatsu Undercariage Indonesia, the LNC OKUMA 0002 chip crankcase contained a lot of stagnant coolants. The factor that causes the coolant to stagnate is that the growl is wasted through the chip conveyor and the coolant is carried along with the growl to the chip. Changing the coolant fluid needs to be done in a certain phase because the use of the coolant for too long causes sand to accumulate. Excessive sand can close the cooling duct system. The quality of the coolant can deteriorate due to heat and a dirty environment. In addition, corrosion on the radiator can also result in the deposition of dirt on the coolant. When this happens, the engine overheats easily and triggers a stall. The repairs that have been carried out are examining and repairing the components of the coolant system by adding a coolant channel and a pump that functions to suck the coolant so that the coolant returns to the LNC OKUMA 0002 engine.
Optimization of compressor work, power and heat on efficiency refrigerant r290 on split ac
Authors: Raharjo Samsudi , Irawan RM Bagus , Pujianto M. Edi
Published: July 2023

The vapor compression cycle refrigeration machine is the type of refrigeration machine that is most widely used today, generally the medium used as a working fluid that transfers heat from the product being cooled to its environment is a synthetic refrigerant. The working fluid is called refrigerant. Refrigerant is the main working fluid used in air conditioning systems to absorb heat and convert it in the refrigeration system. This then encourages countries in the world including Indonesia to then jointly carry out prevention and improvement by making agreements. Then this agreement was known as the Vienna Convention in 1985 followed by the Montreal agreement in 1987. In order to reduce the impact of ODS (Ozone Depleting Substances), in 1992 Indonesia signed the Montreal protocol. At that time, Indonesia also launched the "Indonesian Country for the phase Out of Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) under the Montreal Protocol". This study aims to compare the work of compression, heat absorbed, and the electric power used by the split type refrigeration machine between refrigerant R-22 and refrigerant R-290. These results and analysis show that R-290 has a higher value than R-22 in compression performance. R22 power consumption is 0.30 kw and R290 is 0.26. R290 this is influenced by the light work of the compressor so that it will have an impact on electric power consumption. The power consumption of R290 is 42% less than R22. The heat absorbed by R 22 is smaller than that using hydrocarbons. The results of the optimization of compressor work, power and heat variables show an effect on efficiency.
Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of 12-hour and 21-hour protocols for the administration of acetylcysteine in paracetamol poisoning
Authors: Simonova A. Yu. , Potskhveriya M. M. , Belova M. V. , Ilyashenko K. K. , Kulabukhov V. V. , Asanova L. R.
Published: July 2023

Background. Acetylcysteine (ACC) is an effective antidote for paracetamol poisoning. There are various schemes for its application. At the same time, there is currently no information about the most priority of them in this pathology. Few studies indicate the effectiveness of the 12-hour protocol for ACC administration in paracetamol poisoning. However, there were not enough justifications for the introduction of a modified 12-hour scheme into world practice.

The objective was to compare the effectiveness of the 12-hour and 21-hour protocols for the administration of acetylcysteine in paracetamol poisoning.

Materials and methods. 43 patients with acute paracetamol poisoning were examined. The study group (prospective) consisted of 23 patients who underwent the 12-hour ACC protocol; the comparison group (retrospective) with the 21-hour ACC protocol included 20 patients. Groups were comparable. The endpoints were: ALT blood level, the frequency of allergic reactions, the duration of treatment in the ICU, the duration of stay in the hospital.

Results. The 12-hour and 21-hour protocols for intravenous administration of ACC in case of paracetamol poisoning are equally effective in preventing liver damage, as evidenced by the results of the study: in both groups, when the antidote was started early (in the first 8 hours), there was no increase in ALT levels. The use of the 12-hour protocol for intravenous administration of ACC leads to a reduction in the duration of stay in the ICU by 1.5 times (p = 0.001), the duration of hospital treatment by 1.3 times (p = 0.052) compared to the 21-hour protocol. The frequency of allergic reactions during the 21-hour protocol of ACC administration was 10%; with the 12-hour ACC scheme, no allergic reactions were noted.

Conclusions. The data obtained show that both protocols for the administration of ACC, when used early, are equally effective in preventing toxic liver damage, while the administration of ACC according to the 12-hour protocol leads to fewer adverse reactions, a reduction in the duration of stay in the ICU and the duration of hospitalization.
América Latina y el giro botánico en los estudios culturales
Authors: Ponce de León Aleandro
Published: July 2023

Este artículo traza los contornos del reciente giro hacia la vida vegetal dentro de los estudios culturales latinoamericanos, a partir de una lectura de tres libros: el volumen editado por Monica Gagliano, John Ryan y Patrıcia Vieira The Language of Plants: Science, Philosophy, Literature; el libro de Theresa Miller Plant Kin: A Multispecies Ethnography in Indigenous Brazil; y The Poetics of Plants in Spanish American Literature de Lesley Wylie. El escrito presenta algunas de las contribuciones y posibilidades que hacen los trabajos dentro del giro botánico a las conversaciones de los estudios culturales, y luego señala cómo la especificidad latinoamericana ofrece y demanda novedosas estrategias metodológicas y conceptuales con las cuales abordar las enredadas relaciones entre los humanos y las plantas en el contexto regional. Pensar lo botánico desde las tradiciones de pensamiento latinoamericano, además, puede enriquecer las conversaciones del giro botánico y llevarlas hacia territorios caracterizados por hibridaciones y multiplicidades inesperadas.
Precarización, productivismo y la burocracia universitaria: hacer antropología en la academia neoliberal
Authors: Díaz Crovetto Gonzalo , Restrepo Eduardo
Published: July 2023

Las transformaciones que se han sucedido en las últimas dos décadas en el sistema mundo universitario han implicado una serie de demandas orientadas hacia lo que las burocracias universitarias valoran como productividad en aras de visibilizar y posicionar, desde una serie de indicadores, los establecimientos universitarios en los rankings y de lograr las acreditaciones y reconocimientos de los distintos programas académicos. Para los antropólogos esto ha significado un creciente socavamiento de unas condiciones favorables a la producción de conocimiento antropológico pertinente, así como un desdibujamiento de las especificidades de nuestra disciplina en los entornos universitarios. Frente a dicho escenario este texto proveniente de una seria de intercambios que los autores han realizado en experiencias en torno a antropologías latinoamericanas y caribeñas, busca problematizar y discutir sobre la constitución de un sistema mundo universitario. Desde esta concepción observamos y desarrollamos algunos elementos constituyentes significativos, como lo son: los modelos gerenciales de las universidades, las condiciones de estructuración en torno a publicar, y el quehacer de la antropología en contextos universitarios actuales y cerramos dejando algunos desafíos y agendas de investigación.
Salvadorean Refugee Women and Employment Creation Programmes in Costa Rica
Authors: Basok Tanya
Published: July 2023

As decades of political repression had by 1980 culminated in a full-scale civil war in El Salvador, thousands of its victims fled the country in search of haven. Costa Rica was viewed as one of the most politically stable and non-repressive countries of Central America and therefore many Salvadoreans asked this country for asylum. At the end of 1980, there were more than 2,000 refugees in Costa Rica and by March 1981, the figure had risen to over four thousand. Between 1980 and 1983 an average of 9,000 refugees per year arrived in Costa Rica.
Too many, too long: Sudan's Twenty-Year Refuge Dilemma, by John R. Rogge
Authors: Riddell J. Barry
Published: July 2023

book review
Calculated Kindness: Refugees and America's Half-Open Door 1945 – Present, by Gil Loescher, John A. Scanlan
Authors: Van Esterik John
Published: July 2023

book review
One in Ten Afghans is a Refugee
Authors: Refuge Editor
Published: July 2023

Mr. Dave Jenkins of Vancouver recently returned from fifteen months as chief delegate for the League of Red Cross Societies in Pakistan, where he helped the Pakistan Red Crescent Society run a relief programme for 100,000 Afghan refugees.
Modern GPS diagnostic technique to determine and map soil hardpan for enhancing agricultural operation management
Authors: Al-Aani Firas Salim , Sadoon Omar Hadeb
Published: July 2023

Among the undesirable effects of soil compaction is a measurable reduction in plant growth and crop yield. The prevailing belief is that compacted tillage pans are caused by repetitive farming practices, heavy tractors, tillage tools, and field traffic. This experiment was conducted to determine and map the hardpan layers across an agricultural field through advanced technologies of precision agriculture. These valuable techniques such as data logger, yield map, and data analysis of performance indicators were linked with accurate global positioning systems (GPS) datasets. These important technologies provided the farmers and helped them to identify and manage areas of the fields with higher compacted layers. Three ground speeds 4.3, 5.2, and 6.4 km h-1 were performed with two tillage depths 25 and 40 cm of a chisel plow. The effects of these two factors were studied to determine slippage percentage, field productivity, traction power, and fuel consumption. For the first shallow 25 cm depth, the results showed that increasing the speed from 4.3 to 5.2 and then to 6.4 km h-1 led to a significant increase in slippage percentage from 7.22 to 10.35 and then to 12.63%, respectively. Increasing the speed increases field productivity from 0.547 to 0.663 then to 0. 749 ha hour-1, and tractive power increases from 9.44 to 11.74, then to 13.24 hp. As a result, there was a significant increase in the fuel consumption rate from 18.44 to 20.15, then to 22.27 L hour-1, respectively. Changing the depth from 25 to 40 cm and increasing the practical speed from 4.3 to 5.2 and then to 6.4 km h-1 led to a significant increase in slippage percentage from 10.14 to 12.77 and then to 15.27%, and a significant increase in field productivity from 0.446 to 0.568 and then to 0.640 ha hour-1, respectively. This led to a significant increase in traction power from 12.72 to 13.36, then to 15.87 hp. Increasing the speed also brought a significant increase in fuel rate from 22.14 to 23.54 and then to 26.14 L ha-1, respectively. Based on this study, it was concluded that the use of this powerful approach was a useful methodology to reflect, determine, specify, and manage the regions of induced and hardpan zones by means of dataset analyses provided by the GPS for the desired field.
Variabel Non Akademik Untuk Memprediksi Prestasi Siswa Dengan Data Mining Menggunakan Metoda Naïve Bayes
Authors: Sinaga Arnold Ropen
Published: July 2023

The aim of this research is to measure not only the accuracy rate but also the precision result and the recall of the data mining application to predict Junior High School students’ learning outcomes based on their gender, the origin of the school, parents’ education and occupation. Determination of the students’ learning outcomes are very important in the education world. it becomes important because of the difficulty in determining the factors and variables which can affect the students’ learning outcomes.The accurate process of the data mining can recognize and extract the pattern of knowledge in order to offer solutions to increase the education quality where it can help the students maximize their achievement.There are some classification models in data mining: ID3 algorithm, C4.5 and Naïve Bayes which can be used to predict the students’ achievement, specifically, in Junior High School. This research uses Naïve Bayes classification mode to predict the Saint Mary Junior High School students’ achievement in order to get a better accuracy.
The Battle of the Airwaves: The Role of Radio in Mission and Colonialism/Apartheid
Authors: Fortein Eugene Andre
Published: July 2023

Defining technology according to Aristotle’s idea of “techne” refers to both a practical skill and the systematic knowledge or experience that underlies it. Technology can be described as a means to achieve specific objectives. This article will investigate the role of the radio during the missionary era and the accompanying colonial project. Firstly, the study will consider the genesis of radio broadcasting and its relation to the church and its mission. Furthermore, the study will focus on the ambiguous relationship between the radio during the colonial and apartheid periods in Southern Africa. The article presupposes that the World Council of Churches enabled the African National Congress to operate radio freedom through its Programme to Combat Racism and Special Fund. The article concludes with an overview of how radio served as a tool of social control during apartheid by briefly discussing the battle of the airwaves between Radio Republic South Africa and Radio Freedom.
The oral effects of e-cigarettes – a literature review
Authors:   Szép és Ép Fog Kft., Budapest, Hungary, Györkös Áron Imre , Kulcsár Norbert ,   Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Hermann Péter ,   Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Kispélyi Barbara ,   Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University
Published: July 2023

Background Because of regulations made against smoking, and the rising popularity of a healthy lifestyle there has been a visible change in the smoking habit of the population in the last 15 years. The negative impact on the attitude toward smoking forced the industry to develop new ways to satisfy the consumer’s nicotine need. That is how heated tobacco products and a variety of ENDS (Electronic Nicotine Delivery System), such as electronic cigarettes) have been invented. Objective This literature review aims to summarise the oral effects of consuming e-cigarettes which have been proven and publicised. Data Sources The main source of the study has been the publications found through PubMed and NBCI (National Center for Biotechnology Information). Study Selection Articles have been selected from the international literature if they had any information on the oral effects of e-cigarettes. Data Extraction The information from the articles has been categorised based on the tissue and the time they last. Data Synthesis Electronic cigarettes cause a change in saliva flow and its composition, a decrease in the blood supply of soft tissues and an immunosuppressed state in the said area, therefore the incidence of some diseases are higher among the users. Components of the e-liquid may cause damage to both soft and hard tissues, such as cancerous lesions, inflammation, chronic periodontitis and neurodegeneration. Nicotine may be absorbed by the surface of the teeth, causing patches, and some ingredients may be beneficial to the bacterial flora of the oral cavity.
Integrated Procedures in Facial Cosmetic Surgery
Authors:   Holistic Dental & Medical Institute  of Bucharest - ROPOSTURO Bucharest, Romania, Constantinescu Marian-Vladimir
Published: July 2023

Books Review
Innovative Perspectives in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors:   Holistic Dental & Medical Institute  of Bucharest - ROPOSTURO Bucharest, Romania, Constantinescu Marian-Vladimir
Published: July 2023

Book Review
Sequência didática investigativa em Biologia Celular: a ação da enzima catalase nos vegetais
Authors: Gonçalves Tiago Maretti , Yamaguchi Klenicy Kazumy de Lima
Published: July 2023

Objetivo: Apresentar uma sequência didática sobre a ação da enzima catalase em vegetais como ferramenta para o ensino de biologia celular. Métodos: A sequência envolve 4 etapas: 1) Exposição teórica investigativa; 2) Experimentação; 3) Análise dos resultados; 4) Avaliação. A metodologia consiste na reação de peróxido de hidrogênio (água oxigenada) em contato com produtos naturais (sementes de feijão e folha de um vegetal) para decomposição e formação de oxigênio, água e calor. Além disso, é investigado a influências do aquecimento no processo da reação. Resultados: Com a abordagem dessa sequência didática, espera-se que os alunos possam perceber a ação da enzima catalase nas matérias primas analisadas, associando o conhecimento obtido no ambiente escolar com sua vivência extrassala de aula, despertando o interesse, motivação e desenvolvimento científico. Conclusão: A sequência didática proposta pode ser muito útil impactando positivamente a aprendizagem dos discentes, permitindo ao professor utilizar materiais simples e de baixo custo nas aulas de Biologia, além de servir como meio de discussões e problematizações potencializando a ótica científica.