bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contratación entre cónyuges: desterrando viejos mitos sobre la prohibición del artículo 312 del Código Civil
Authors: Santillán Santa Cruz Romina
Published: November 2020

La regulación de la contratación entre cónyuges puede variar en cada ordenamiento jurídico dependiendo del modelo de gestión del patrimonio conyugal adoptado por este último. Algunos Derechos comparados, como el español, admiten una amplia libertad de contratación entre cónyuges, pues consideran que el matrimonio no tiene por qué limitar su libertad de contratar. En cambio, el Derecho peruano prohíbe a los cónyuges contratar entre sí sobre sus bienes sociales. Pero este impedimento requiere una interpretación restrictiva para conocer el real alcance del artículo 312 CC, ya que la prohibición prevista en esta norma no parece aplicarse a los bienes propios de cada cónyuge. De ser así, incluso podría plantearse el uso de los denominados pactos de atribución de ganancialidad a los bienes propios, que reciben regulación en ordenamientos extranjeros. Por tales razones, este trabajo ofrece un estudio de la contratación entre cónyuges en Perú para conocer su estricto ámbito de aplicación, los fundamentos y la finalidad de la mencionada prohibición. Se realiza, así mismo, un breve análisis de los efectos prácticos que podrían desencadenarse a causa de la nueva interpretación que quiero proponer y que está centrada en el concepto de “bienes de la sociedad” contenido en el artículo 312 CC.
En torno a la existencia como predicado real en Tomás De Aquino
Authors: Vargas Rosa Elvira
Published: November 2020

Una de las tesis atribuidas a Tomás de Aquino es que la existencia, a diferencia de la esencia, no puede ser objeto de conceptualización. Al carecer de un concepto de existencia, Tomás se acercaría a la interpretación moderna de proposiciones existenciales, según la cual la proposición ‘P existe’ no atribuye ninguna propiedad a P. El propósito de este artículo es mostrar que para Tomás de Aquino la existencia, al igual que la esencia, es objeto de conceptualización y un predicado real. Para ello, me baso en la teoría de la significación de Tomás de Aquino.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Analysis of some Ligands on Var2csA Target
Authors: Okeke Ifeanyichukwu
Published: November 2020

Prevalence of malaria during pregnancy and the spate of drug resistance by malaria parasites have constantly impacted maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Inhibiting binding; or displacement of bound infected erythrocytes from the placenta as an adjunct treatment or vaccine for malaria was considered an option towards ending pregnancy associated malaria in this study.
KLASİK TÜRK ŞİİRİNDE MÜSTAKİL BİR EDEBİ TÜR OLARAK TEHLİL
Authors: KIZILTAŞ Abdulkadir
Published: November 2020

Klasik Türk şiirinde, İslam inanç ve kültürünün; ibadet ve zikir şekillerinin izlerine çokça rastlanılmaktadır. Bunun temel örneği, birçok divanın ilk şiirleri arasında yer alan tevhit içerikli manzumelerdir. Bilindiği üzere tevhit, kelime manasıyla bir kılma, bir sayma, birliğine inanma demektir. Edebiyatımızda, Allah’ın birliğini ve yüceliğini anlatan, O’nun övgüsünde kaleme alınan eserlere bir edebi tür adını ifade edecek şekilde tevhit denmektedir. Tehlil ise, en temel manasıyla tevhit zikri olan “lâ ilâhe illallâh” sözünü tekrar etme, muttasıl söyleme demektir. Tevhit başlığı altında değerlendirilen şiirler incelendiğinde, “lâ ilâhe illallâh” zikrini redif olarak kullanan birçok şiir olduğu saptanmıştır. Nazım türü/tarzı dikkatiyle bakıldığında bu şiirlerin tevhitlere göre farklılık arz ettiği açıktır. İlk örneğine Ahmedî’de (ö. 1413) rastlanan ve belli bir gelenek etrafında kaleme alınmaya devam eden tehlil şiirleri, bir türün teşekkül etmesini sağlayan bütün değişenleri bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. Tehliller Kelime-i Tevhit’in tarif ve tavsifini yapması, okuru faydalarını açıklayarak bu zikre özendirmesi ve davet etmesi; bizzat tevhit zikrinin kendisini övmesi açısından dikkate değerdir. Ayrıca tehlillerin birer zikir metinleri olduğu da düşünülürse, bu şiirlere bir edebi tür adını ifade edecek şekilde tehlil denmesi önerilmektedir.
NECÂTÎ BEY’İN “OLMIŞ” REDİFLİ GAZELİNİN ŞERHİ
Authors: DEMİRCAN Tuğba
Published: November 2020

Necâtî Bey, klasik Türk edebiyatının kurucu şairleri arasında yer alır. Şairin günümüze ulaşan tek eseri Türkçe Dîvân'ıdır. Bu çalışmanın alanını, divanında yer alan “olmış” redifli gazelinin şerhi oluşturmaktadır. Gazel, klasik Türk şiirinin ana konularından biri olan aşk kavramı etrafında şekillenmiştir. Gazel şerh edilirken öncelikle şairin söyledikleri kendi diliyle nesre çevrilerek tekrar edilmiş ve buna uygun olarak dil içi çevirisi yapılmıştır. Metinler arası ilişkilerden yardım alınarak Necatî Bey ve diğer divan şairlerinin kelime ve beyitlere yüklediği anlamlar araştırılmış, sonrasında şairin gazele yansıyan duygu, düşünce ve hayal dünyası divan şairlerinin ortak değerler sistemi üzerinden yorumlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Yorum aşamasında; her beyit ayrı ayrı ele alınarak açıklamalar günümüz okuru tarafından anlaşılabilir şekilde takdim edilmiştir.
PENYULUHAN TENTANG SENAM HIPERTENSI DI KP.SUKADANUH RT02 RW10 DESA LINGGAMUKTI KECAMATAN SUCINARAJA
Authors: Neng Rohimah , Novia Nurhadianti , Novia Nurhadianti , Nova Ardianti , Nova Ardianti , Rahmi Azizah , Rahmi Azizah , Novita Sari , Novita Sari , Rima Nursolihat , Rima Nursolihat , Nirwanti Nirwanti , Nirwanti Nirwanti , Rahman Nugraha , Rahman Nugraha , Yuda Guntama , Yuda Guntama , Junaedi Junaedi , Junaedi Junaedi , Rindi Garuda , Rindi Garuda , Ramdani Umar , Ramdani Umar , Tantri Puspita , Tantri Puspita , Iin Patimah , Iin Patimah , Hadi Sulhan Muhammad , Hadi Sulhan Muhammad
Published: November 2020

Pendahuluan: Darah tinggi atau hipertensi merupakan suatu keadaan tekanan darah seseorang berada pada tingkatan di atas normal. Konsekuensi dari keadaan ini adalah timbulnya penyakit yang mengganggu tubuh penderita. Tekanan darah tinggi menjadi masalah kesehatan yang dominan dan perlu penanggulangan yang baik. Tekanan darah sering kali menunjukkan peningkatan tekanan yang lebih tajam dibandingkan dengan orang normal seiring dengan bertambahnya usia. Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa mampu meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat untuk mencegah terjadinya hipertensi dan komplikasi yang ditimbulkan dari hipertensiMetode: Kegiatan yang digunakan dalam program pengabdian masyarakat ini berupa penyuluhan dan demonstrasi terkait senam Hipertensi kepada masyarakat di Kp. Sukadanuh Rt 02/10 Desa Linggamukti Kecamatan Sucinaraja.Hasil: Masyarakat yang mengikuti kegiatan penyuluhan dan demontrasi ini memahami pencegahan hipertensi dengan cara senam dan mampu mendemonstrasikan ulang senam hipertensi yang telah diajarkan. Hasil post-test pada pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat menunjukan bahwa sebesar 60% warga mau untuk menerapkan senam hipertensi di rumah.Kesimpulan: Kegiatan ini mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang senam hipertensi dan tahu bagaimana cara melakukannya dalam rangka pencegahan penyakit hipertensi.
PROGRAM PAGAR BESI (PENDAMPINGAN KELUARGA SADAR DAN SIAGA TUBERKULOSIS PARU) UNTUK MENCAPAI ZERO TB CASE 2020 DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KLAMPIS NGASEM, KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: Has Eka Mishbahatul Marah , Ulfiana Elida , Krisnana Ilya , Arief Yuni Sufyanti , Mufidah Annisa , Fathoni Mukhamad
Published: November 2020

Pendahuluan: Indonesia masih menjadi negara dengan angka kejadian Tuberkulosis (TB) Paru tertinggi kedua di dunia. Kurangnya kepatuhan terhadap pengobatan dan perilaku pencegahan penularan diketahui menjadi penyebab utama tingginya kasus TB Paru di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Klampis Ngasem. Keluarga yang tinggal bersama dengan klien TB Paru sangat rentan terinfeksi karena rendahnya pengetahuan terkait pencegahan TB. Oleh karena itu, program pendampingan keluarga sadar dan siaga TB Paru (PAGAR BESI) perlu dilaksanakan. Program PAGAR BESI bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan keluarga dan perilaku pencegahan penularan TB Paru di lingkungan keluarga sebagai upaya mencapai zero TB case di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Klampis Ngasem, Kota Surabaya.Metode: Pendekatan metode yang digunakan pada kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah pendampingan (health coaching). Pendampingan (health coaching) dilaksanakan dengan pemberian edukasi tentang: 1) konsep TB Paru; 2) penularan TB Paru; 3) perilaku pencegahan penularan TB Paru; dan 4) dukungan keluarga. Edukasi dilakukan dengan metode ceramah dan diskusi, dilengkapi dengan media power point presentation, modul, dan audio visual aids. Program diikuti oleh 50 orang care giver primer dari klien TB Paru.Hasil: Penilaian dilakukan terhadap perubahan pengetahuan melalui kuesioner dichotomous choice (pre-posttest). Skor pre-test menunjukkan 48% peserta memiliki pengetahuan dalam kategori baik, 52% dalam kategori cukup, dan 0% dalam kategori kurang. Hasil post-test didapatkan peningkatan pengetahuan dalam kategori baik 86% dan 14% dalam kategori cukup.Kesimpulan: Program pendampingan keluarga sadar dan siaga TB Paru (PAGAR BESI) terbukti efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta. Selanjutnya, dengan peningkatan pengetahuan ini diharapkan dapat mendorong peningkatan perilaku pencegahan penularan TB Paru di lingkungan keluarga. Tindak lanjut program dapat dilaksanakan secara periodik oleh perawat komunitas untuk meningkatkan retensi perilaku.
ÖRGÜT KÜLTÜRÜNÜN ÖRGÜTSEL GÜVENE ETKİSİ
Authors: ARSLAN Elif Türkan , DURGUN Gamze
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, örgüt kültürünün örgütsel güveni etkileyip etkilemediğini saptamaktır. Nicel yöntemin benimsendiği araştırma kapsamında, anket yöntemiyle veri toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın evrenini, İzmir’de üniversitede akademisyen olarak çalışan bireyler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında 392 kişi ile anket yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda örgüt kültürü ve örgütsel güven arasında pozitif yönde, zayıf ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Örgüt kültürünün örgütsel güven üzerinde etkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Bireylerin örgüt içerisinde paylaştığı değerler ve kültür, örgütsel güven boyutları olan yöneticiye güven, çalışma arkadaşlarına güven ve örgüte güven düzeylerini de etkileyebilmektedir. Örgütsel güveni sağlamak isteyen işletmelerin, örgüt kültürlerini bu doğrultuda oluşturmaları gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
TÜRKİYE’DEKİ UZUN HAVALARIN YAPISAL VE KARAKTERİSTİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN BİLİNİRLİĞİNE YÖNELİK BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: BÖREKCİ Alper , NACAKCI Zeki
Published: November 2020

Ülkemizde geniş bir coğrafyaya çok farklı yapısal ve karakteristik özellikleriyle yayılan uzun havaların, bu geleneğin devamını sağlayacak eğitmenler tarafından bilinirlik seviyesinin ne düzeyde olduğunun araştırılması bu araştırmanın temel felsefesini oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, en az dört yıllık lisans eğitimi veren konservatuvarların, eğitim fakülteleri ve güzel sanatlar fakültelerin müzik bölümlerinden mezun olmuş, hali hazırda Türkiye’nin çeşitli bölgelerinde Türk Halk Müziği alanında eğitmenlik yapan 20 alan uzmanı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada, uzun hava kültürünün bilinirlik düzeyine yönelik katılımcıların görüşlerini almak için “Yarı Yapılandırılmış Görüşme” tekniği uygulanmıştır. Görüşmede katılımcılardan, uzun hava kültürü hakkındaki düşünceleri alınmış ve uzun hava kültürünün aktarımı konusundaki düşüncelerinin neler olduğu hazırlanan görüşme soruları aracılığıyla elde edilmiştir. Görüşmeler sonucunda elde edilen ham veriler içerik analizi tekniği kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve araştırma sonucunda, uzun hava türleri hakkında kesin olmayan, farklılık gösteren ya da hiç bilinmeyen bilgilerin olduğu tespit edilmiş ve bu tespitler ışığında uzun havaların, öğretim ve intikal sürecine dair çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
ZAMAN ESASLI FAALİYET TABANLI MALİYET YÖNTEMİNİN BİR TEKSTİL İŞLETMESİNDE UYGULANMASI
Authors: ŞENER Recep , EKİNCİ Mehmet Ali
Published: November 2020

Stratejik yönetim muhasebesi alanında maliyet hesaplama tekniklerinden zaman esaslı faaliyet tabanlı maliyet yönteminin bir tekstil işletmesinde uygulandığı bu çalışma, Denizli İli Merkezefendi ilçesinde organize sanayi bölgesinde iplik çözgü haşıllama ve dokuma faaliyeti yürüten bir tekstil işletmesinde uygulanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, öncelikle faaliyet tabanlı maliyet yöntemine göre, ardından zaman esaslı faaliyet tabanlı maliyet yöntemine göre maliyet hesaplama sistemi kurulmuş ve sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada araştırma yöntemlerinden örnek olay yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, her iki sistemin de bir tekstil işletmesinde uygulanabileceği; Zaman Esaslı Faaliyet Tabanlı Maliyet (ZEFTM) yönteminin Faaliyet Tabanlı Maliyet (FTM) yöntemine göre daha doğru maliyet bilgisi sunduğu ve birim mamul maliyetlerinin de değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu durumun temel nedeni, ZEFTM yönteminin, işletmenin atıl kapasite maliyetlerini hesaplaması ve birim mamul maliyetlerine yansıtmasıdır.
Decentralizacija organa unutarnjih poslova u SR Hrvatskoj
Authors: Nielsen Christian Axboe
Published: November 2020

Kako su se organi unutarnjih poslova u Socijalističkoj Republici Hrvatskoj i u socijalističkoj Jugoslaviji razvijali, čime su se bavili, do kakvih je promjena došlo i zbog čega? Tijekom otprilike prva dva desetljeća socijalističke Jugoslavije pitanja koja su se odnosila na policiju i državnu sigurnost – ili službenim nazivom na organe unutarnjih poslova – bila su poput većine ostalih pitanja u zemlji vrlo centralizirana. Međutim, postoje indicije da 1966. možda nije bila toliko značajna prekretnica kako se popularno misli te da su neke važne promjene bile ubrzane, a ne pokrenute nakon smjenjivanja Aleksandra Rankovića. Ovaj članak prvenstveno se temelji na izvorima iz 13. maja, službenog časopisa Saveznog sekretarijata za unutrašnje poslove (SSUP). Pažljivo čitanje tog časopisa otkriva članke koji se bave pravnim, konceptualnim, tehničkim i praktičnim pitanjima policije. Časopis je stoga dobro mjesto za prikupljanje informacija radi boljeg razumijevanja organa unutarnjih poslova u Jugoslaviji. Ovaj članak razmatra i analizira početak decentralizacije organa unutarnjih poslova u Hrvatskoj, prije svega u području organa javne sigurnosti.
Diverse and Integrative Explanations for Plant Productivity–Richness Relationships
Authors: Wang Zhenhong , Arratia Juan , Yan Ting , Zhang Cong , Chiarucci Alessandro
Published: November 2020

The plant productivity-richness relationship (PPR) is one of the most debated and important issues in ecology. There have been distinct stages in the research of this issue, including the discovery of the different PPR shapes, respective tests of influencing processes, and integrative research with vegetation investigation, manipulation experiments, and theoretical analysis. The debate largely focuses on what the dominant shapes and underlying mechanisms are. Recent integrative research works following analyses of respective processes affecting PPR have found that the humped, asymptotic, positive, negative, and irregular shapes of PPR are linked to each other. One shape of PPR may change into another. The balance between positive and negative processes determines the different shapes of PPR. Plant diversity has a globally positive effect on plant productivity.
Large Day-to-Day Changes in Extreme Temperature in Poland and Atmospheric Circulation
Authors: Szyga-Pluta Katarzyna
Published: November 2020

The primary purpose of the study was the determination of the spatial day-to-day variability of extreme temperatures in Poland and the dependency of large temperature changes on atmospheric circulation in accordance with the Grosswetterlagen (GWL) classification. The goal was implemented based on data from 1966 to 2015, made available by the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute. Day-to-day changes in maximum and minimum temperatures were designated with a rate of ≥ 6 °C (large) and with a rate of ≥ 12 °C (very large) and their spatial distribution was presented. Finally, the analysis of the dependency of considerable temperature changes on atmospheric circulation in accordance with the Grosswetterlagen (GWL) classification was conducted. The obtained results showed that in Poland in the period 1966-2015 the number of large changes in both Tmax and Tmin slightly increased, although the fluctuations show spatial variability. Large changes in Tmax occur more frequently in spring, and in Tmin in winter. Large changes in Tmax and Tmin are mainly recorded during cyclonic circulation, however, the anticyclonic circulation types favour especially large decreases in Tmin.
Magnetorheological composite materials (MRCMs) for instant and adaptable structural control
Authors: Thornell Travis , Weiss Charles , Williams Sarah , Jefcoat Jennifer , McClelland Zackery , Rushing Todd , Moser Robert
Published: November 2020

Magnetic responsive materials can be used in a variety of applications. For structural applications, the ability to create tunable moduli from relatively soft materials with applied electromagnetic stimuli can be advantageous for light-weight protection. This study investigated magnetorheological composite materials involving carbonyl iron particles (CIP) embedded into two different systems. The first material system was a model cementitious system of CIP and kaolinite clay dispersed in mineral oil. The magnetorheological behaviors were investigated by using parallel plates with an attached magnetic accessory to evaluate deformations up to 1 T. The yield stress of these slurries was measured by using rotational and oscillatory experiments and was found to be controllable based on CIP loading and magnetic field strength with yield stresses ranging from 10 to 104 Pa. The second material system utilized a polystyrene-butadiene rubber solvent-cast films with CIP embedded. The flexible matrix can stiffen and become rigid when an external field is applied. For CIP loadings of 8% and 17% vol %, the storage modulus response for each loading stiffened by 22% and 74%, respectively.
Socioeconomic inequalities in unhealthy lifestyles in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Dieteren Charlotte , Bonfrer Igna
Published: November 2020

Background: The heavy and ever rising burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) warrants interventions to reduce unhealthy lifestyles. To effectively target these interventions, it is important to know how unhealthy lifestyles vary with socioeconomic characteristics. This study quantifies prevalence and socioeconomic inequalities in unhealthy lifestyles in LMICs, to identify policy priorities conducive to the Sustainable Development Goal of a one third reduction in deaths from NCDs by 2030.Methods: Data from 1,278,624 adult respondents to Demographic & Health Surveys across 22 LMICs between 2013 and 2018 are used to estimate crude prevalence rates and socioeconomic inequalities in tobacco use, overweight, harmful alcohol use and the clustering of these three in a household. Inequalities are measured by a concentration index and correlated with the percentage of GDP spent on health. We estimate a multilevel model to examine associations of individual characteristics with different unhealthy lifestyles.Results: The prevalence of tobacco use among men ranges from 59.6% (Armenia) to 6.6% (Nigeria). The highest level of overweight among women is 83.7% (Egypt) while this is less than 12% in Burundi, Chad and Timor-Leste. 82.5% of women in Burundi report that their partner is “often or sometimes drunk” compared to 1.3% in Gambia. Tobacco use is concentrated among the poor, except for the low share of men smoking in Nigeria. Overweight, however, is concentrated among the better off, especially in Tanzania and Zimbabwe (Erreygers Index (EI) 0.227 and 0.232). Harmful alcohol use is more concentrated among the better off in Nigeria (EI 0.127), while Chad, Rwanda and Togo show an unequal pro-poor distribution (EI respectively -0.147, -0.210, -0.266). Cambodia exhibits the largest socioeconomic inequality in unhealthy household behaviour (EI -0.253). The multilevel analyses confirm that in LMICs, tobacco and alcohol use are largely concentrated among the poor, while overweight is concentrated among the better-off.Conclusions: This study emphasizes the importance of unhealthy lifestyles in LMICs and the socioeconomic variation therein. Given the different socioeconomic patterns in unhealthy lifestyles - overweight patters in LMICs differ considerably from those in high income countries- tailored interventions towards specific high-risk populations are warranted.
Longitudinal Spatial Patterns of Intrinsic Brain Activity and Functional Connectivity in Upper Limb Amputees Patients
Authors: Bao Bingbo , Duan Lei , Wei Haifeng , Luo Pengbo , Zhu Hongyi , Gao Tao , Wei Xiaoer , Li Jing , Li Yuehua , Chai Yimin , Zhang Changqing , Zheng Xianyou
Published: November 2020

Background: Amputation in adults is a serious condition and previous studies suggested a remapping of representations in motor and sensory brain networks. However, little is known about the longitudinal reorganizing pattern in upper limb amputees’ patients.Methods: The present study included 8 healthy volunteers and 16 patients with amputation. We use resting-state fMRI to investigate the local and large-scale brain plasticity in patients suffering from amputation. Both the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and degree centrality (DC) were used for the assessment of neuroplasticity.Results: We described changes in spatial patterns of intrinsic brain activity and functional connectivity in amputees; and we found that not only the sensory and motor cortex, but also the cognitive-related brain regions involved in the functional plasticity after upper extremity deafferentation.Conclusion: Our findings showed local and extensive cortical changes in the sensorimotor and cognitive-related brain regions, which may imply the dysfunction in not only sensory and motor function, but also sensorimotor integration and motor plan. The changes in activation and intrinsic connectivity in the brain showed correlation with the deafferentation status.
Epidermal Growth Factor Ameliorates Essential Trace Element Absorption in The Gastrointestinal Tract by Regulating The Expression of Microelement Transport-Relative Genes in Lipopolysaccharide Challenged Early Weaning Piglets
Authors: Xue Junjing , Xie Liang , Liu Bo , Zhou Liyuan , Hu Yajun , Ajuwon Kolapo Matthew , Fang Rejun
Published: November 2020

Background: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays an important role in nutrient utilization. A 14-days trial was conducted to investigate how EGF attenuates the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the growth performance and the nutrient utilization of early-weaned pigs.Methods: A total of 48 early weaned piglets were randomly distributed among 4 groups, which included the control, EGF, LPS and EGF + LPS groups. Each group had 6 replicates and each replicate consisted of 2 piglets. The experiment lasted for 14 d.Results: The results showed that LPS exposure significantly decreased the average daily gain (ADG) and significantly increased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the weaned pigs compared with the groups without LPS treatment (P<0.05), while dietary EGF could significantly increase the average daily feed intake (ADFI) compared with the diet without EGF supplementation (P<0.05). The LPS treatment significantly decreased the apparent digestibility of crude fat compared with the groups without LPS treatment (P<0.05). The LPS treatment resulted in a significantly increased concentration of Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn in the stomach, jejunum and ileum chyme, and feces compared with the groups without LPS treatment (P<0.05), while the EGF treatment significantly decreased these indicators compared with the diet without EGF supplementation (P<0.05). In the gastrointestinal tract, the LPS treatment significantly decreased the expression levels of the zrt-irt-like protein 4 (Zip4), zrt-irt-like protein 7 (Zip7), copper transport protein 1 (Ctr1), antioxidant 1 (Atox1), copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS), cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone 17 (Cox17), copper-transporting P-type 7A (ATP7A), copper-transporting P-type 7B (ATP7B), divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), cytochrome b (CYTB), and transferrin (Tf) genes compared with the groups without LPS treatment (P<0.05), while the EGF treatment significantly increased the expression levels of the Zip4, Ctr1, Atox1, CCS, Cox17, ATP7A, ATP7B, DMT1, CYTB, and hephaestin (Hp) genes compared with the diet without EGF supplementation (P<0.05).Conclusion: Dietary EGF could attenuate the effect of LPS exposure on the essential trace element absorption by changing the expression levels of microelement transport-relative genes of early-weaned pigs.
Age-related increase in caveolin-1 expression facilitates cell-to-cell transmission of α-synuclein in neurons
Authors: Ha Tae-Young , Choi Yu Ree , Noh Hye Rin , Cha Seon-Heui , Kim Jae-Bong , Park Sang Myun
Published: November 2020

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, with aging being considered the greatest risk factor for developing PD. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is known to participate in the aging process. Recent evidence indicates that prion-like propagation of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn) released from neurons to neighboring neurons plays an important role in PD progression. In the present study, we explored the association between cav-1 and cell-to-cell transmission of α-syn.Methods: Using SH-SY5Y cells and primary neurons overexpressing WT and Y14A cav-1, we investigated the effect of cav-1 expression on the uptake of α-syn using a dual chamber system. Additionally, we investigated the effect of cav-1 expression on the formation of Lewy body-like inclusions using co-culture assay and microfluidic chamber assay.Results: We demonstrated that cav-1 expression in the brain increased with age, and considerably increased in the brain of A53T α-syn transgenic mice. Cav-1 overexpression facilitated the uptake of α-syn into neurons and formation of additional Lewy body-like inclusion bodies, phosphorylation of cav-1 at tyrosine 14 was found to be crucial for this process. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the relationship between age and α-syn spread and will facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the cell-to-cell transmission of α-syn.
Effect of Intra- and Postoperative Fluid and Blood Volume on Postoperative Pulmonary Edema in Patients With Intraoperative Massive Bleeding: Multi-Center Cohort Study Using Time Varying Analysis
Authors: Kwon Young Suk , Choi Jun Woo , Lee Hanna , Kim Jong Ho , Jang Ji Su , Hwang Sung Mi , Hong Ji Young , Yang Go Eun , Kim Youngmi , Lee Jae Jun
Published: November 2020

BackgroundIn patients with massive bleeding during surgery, the effect of intra- and postoperative fluid and blood volume on postoperative pulmonary edema is uncertain. The aim of this study is evaluating the occurrence risk relationship through time-varying analysis between postoperative pulmonary edema and intra- and postoperatively administered volume of fluid and blood in patients with intraoperative massive bleeding.MethodsThis study is a retrospective cohort study and data was obtained from the clinical data warehouse at Hallym University Medical Center, a multi-institutional data registry of 5 hospitals of Hallym University. Patients with intraoperative massive bleeding (≥40% of average blood volume) and who underwent a non-cardiac surgery at 5 hospitals between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019 were enrolled the study. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary edema occurrence within 72 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes were postoperative pulmonary edema with hypoxemia. ResultsIn total, 2090 patients were included in the postoperative pulmonary edema analysis, and 300 patients developed pulmonary edema within 72 hours after surgery. The postoperative pulmonary edema hypoxemia analysis with hypoxia included 1660 patients; pulmonary edema with hypoxemia occurred in 161 patients. The increase in the amount of red blood cells/average blood volume/hour after surgery increased the risk of developing pulmonary edema after surgery (hazard ratio: 1.03, 95% confidence interval [1.01–1.05], P = 0.013) and the risk of developing pulmonary edema with hypoxemia (hazard ratio: 1.04, 95% confidence interval [1.01–1.07], P = 0.024).Conclusion﻿In this study, an increase in the transfusion of red blood cells per hour after surgery increased the risk of developing pulmonary edema after surgery. This increase can be considered a risk factor for the incidence of pulmonary edema.
Effects of Head Positions on Awake Orotracheal Intubation Via Fiberoptic-Bronchoscope: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Zhuo , Zhao Li , Liu Meiqi , Qi Xiaohang , Jia Qianqian , Liang Shujuan , Yang Xiaochun
Published: November 2020

Background: There are many factors affect the success rate of awake orotracheal intubation via fiberoptic bronchoscope. We performed this study to investigate the effects and safety of three head positions on awake orotracheal intubation via fiberoptic bronchoscope. Methods: Seventy-five adult patients with anticipated difficult airway, received general anaesthesia and undergoing awake orotracheal intubation were included in this study. According to the head position, the patients were randomized allocated to neutral position group (NP group), sniffing position group (SP group) or extension position group (EP group). After conscious sedation the patients were intubated by an experienced anesthesiologist. The time to view the vocal cords, the time to insert the tracheal tube into the trachea, the percentage of glottic opening scores (POGO) and the visual analog scale (VAS) scores for ease experienced of passing the tracheal tube through the glottis, the hemodynamic changes during intubation and the adverse events after surgery were recorded. Results: The time to view the vocal cords was significantly shorter and the POGO scores was significantly higher in the EP group compared with the other two groups (P<0.05); the SpO2 immediate after intubation was higher in the EP group compared with SP group (P<0.05) and the SpO2 before intubation was higher in the EP group compared with NP group (P<0.05), while at other time points the SpO2 had no significant difference among groups. The time to tracheal intubation, the VAS scores for passing the tracheal tube through glottis, the coughing scores of patients when inserted fiberoptic bronchoscope into the trachea and inserted the tracheal tube into the trachea over fiberoptic bronchoscope had no significant differences among groups (P>0.05). There were also no significant differences among the groups with regard to the incidence of postoperative complications, mean arterial pressure and heart rate at each time point (P>0.05). Conclusions: Extension position had a best view of glottic opening than neutral position or sniffing position during awake orotracheal intubation via fiberoptic bronchoscope, so extension position was recommended as the starting head position for awake orotracheal intubation using fiberoptic bronchoscope.Trial registration: Clinical Trials.gov. no. NCT 02792855. Registered at https://register.clinicaltrials.gov on 23 september 2017.
Safety of Albumin and Hydroxyethyl Starch as Priming Fluid for Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Cardiac Surgery: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Ye Mingtang , Zang Xiaodong , Ding Peicheng , Wang Ruonan , Chen Feng , Qi Jirong , Yang Zhaocong , Mo Xuming
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) has been widely used for volume expansion, but its safety as priming fluid for cardiopulmonary bypass has been questioned recently. The aim of this meta-analysis is to compare the safety of albumin and hydroxyethyl starch as priming fluid for cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods: Pubmed, Embase database and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving patients who received HES or albumin as priming fluid for cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgery published up to October 2019. Two reviewers independently extracted the valid data, including the length of ICU stay, ventilator time, the length of hospital stay, crystal volume, fresh frozen plasma, platelet input, blood loss, blood platelet count. hemoglobin value, fibrin, APTT, PT, urea, creatinine and urine volume. Meta-analysis was performed with revman version 5.3. Results: Total 9 RCTs involving 452 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with albumin, HES had similar effects on the length of ICU stay(MD = 0.70；95%CI：-0.14 to 1.55；P = 0.10；I2 = 89%);ventilation time(MD = 2.31 ;95%CI-3.93 to 8.55;P = 0.47,I2 = 60%); the length of hospital stay(MD = -0.31;95% CI:-2.00 to 1.37; P = 0.71 ;I2 = 0%); crystal volume(SMD = 0.26;95% CI:-0.09 to 0.61; P = 0.15;I2 = 0%); fresh frozen plasma(SMD = 0.25；95%CI：-0.08 to 0.59；P = 0.66；I2 =0%); platelet input(SMD =-0.17;95% Cl:-0.59 to 0.26;P =0.45;I2 = 0%);blood loss (SMD =0.31;95% Cl:-0.01 to 0.63;P = 0.06;I2 =29%);platelet count (SMD =-0.21;95% cl :-0.54 to 0.11; P = 0.20;I2 = 29% );hemoglobin value(SMD =0.1;95% CI: -0.15 to 0.36;P = 0.42; I2 = 0% ); fibrin (SMD =0.12;95% CI: -0.19 to 0.44 ; P = 0.45; I2 = 0% );APTT(MD =1.13;95% CI: -2.06 to 4.32 ; P = 0.49; I2 = 0%);PT(MD =0.10;95% CI: -0.21 to 0.40,P = 0.52; I2 = 0%);creatinine(SMD =0.09;95% CI: -0.32 to 0.50 ; P = 0.66; I2 = 51% );urine volume(SMD =0.11;95% CI: -0.26 to 0.48 ; P = 0.55; I2 = 43% ).but did not increase urea (SMD =-0.46;95% CI: -0.81 to -0.11; P = 0.01; I2 = 0%).Conclusions: HES was safe and effective compared to albumin as priming fluid for cardiopulmonary bypass because it did not affect renal function, coagulation function, liquid input, or the length of ICU stay and ventilation time of patients.
The effect of oxycodone on postoperative pain and inflammatory cytokine release in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy
Authors: Lao Wei-long , Song Qi-liang , Jiang Zong-ming , Chen Wen-di , Zheng Xian-he , Chen Zhonghua
Published: November 2020

Background To evaluate the effect of oxycodone on postoperative pain and inflammation in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy. Methods Sixty patients who were of both sexes, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS) Class I or II, over 65 years of age and undergoing an elective laparoscopic radical gastrectomy were randomly divided into two groups: an oxycodone group (Group O) and a sufentanil group (Group S). The postoperative analgesia regimen was as follows: 40 mg of parecoxib sodium and 0.1 mg/kg of oxycodone was intravenously injected into Group O before the abdomen closure, while 40 mg of parecoxib sodium and 0.1 μg/kg of sufentanil was injected intravenously into Group S. Both groups were infiltrated with 20 ml of 1% ropivacaine at the end of the operation. The concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 were measured immediately after the operation and one hour, six hours and twenty-four hours after the operation (T1-4). The numerical rating scale (NRS), the Ramsay sedation score, analgesic-related adverse events, postoperative pulmonary inflammation events and the postoperative stay were recorded. Results Compared with Group S, the serum IL-6 concentrations of Group O decreased at T3 and T4, while the serum IL-10 concentrations increased (P < 0.05). In Group O, the serum IL-6 concentrations at T3 and T4 were lower than those at T1 (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting（PONV）and pulmonary inflammation in Group O was lower than that in Group S (P < 0.05). At each time point, the NRS of visceral pain in Group O was lower than that in Group S. At six and twenty-four hours after extubation, the NRS of incision pain in Group O was lower than that in Group S (P < 0.05). Conclusion Oxycodone can regulate the level of inflammatory cytokines and reduce postoperative inflammatory response.
Prognostic implications of lymphocyte/C-reactive protein ratio with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in resected intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Miyazaki Katsuki , Morine Yuji , Imura Satoru , Ikemoto Tetsuya , Saito Yu , Yamada Shinichiro , Tokuda Kazunori , Okikawa Shohei , Yamashita Shoko , Oya Takeshi , Tsuneyama Koichi , Shimada Mitsuo
Published: November 2020

Background Lymphocyte/C-reactive protein (CRP) ratio (LCR), is a promising prognostic factor that can reflect tumor inflammation and systemic patient condition. The aim of this study was to investigate whether preoperative LCR can be a prognostic factor for post-surgical outcomes among patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC). We also investigated the relationship between LCR and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) to clarify whether systemic host immune parameters reflect local tumor immunity.Methods We enrolled 45 patients who had undergone hepatectomy for IHCC. Patients were divided into low LCR and high LCR groups, according to reactive operating characteristic curve (Cut-off value: 8780). We analyzed their overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) with respect to LCR and other clinicopathological factors. We also investigated stromal TILs and numbers of CD8+ TILs in surgical specimens, and the relationship between LCR and TILs.Results Twenty-one patients (46.7%) were associated with low LCR. Low LCR was significantly correlated with older age, high CRP and advanced disease stage, and was a prognostic factor for OS and DFS. And multivariate analysis revealed that low LCR was an independent prognostic factor for worse OS (HR: 2.81 P<0.04). Regarding the relationship between LCR and local tumor immunity, while LCR and levels for stromal TILs were significantly related, LCR and levels for CD8+ TILs were significantly related. Conclusions Preoperative LCR levels could predict the post-surgical prognosis of patients with IHCC, and reflected numbers of intra-tumoral CD8+ TILs.Trial registration This study was approved by Tokushima University Hospital ethics committee and with the approval of corresponding regulatory agencies, and all the experiments were carried out in accordance with the approved guidelines (Tokushima Clinical Trial Management System Number; 3215). All the patients involved in this study signed informed consent forms and agreed to participate.
Development and Validation of Nomograms for Predicting Survival of Elderly Patients with Stage I Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yang Yaji , Sun Shusen , Xiong Feng , Xiao Yin , Huang Jing
Published: November 2020

Background There is a lack of predictive models to determine the prognosis of elderly patients diagnosed with Stage I small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The purpose of this study was to establish a useful nomogram to predict the cancer-specific survival (CSS) in this patient population.Methods Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry database, patients aged ≥ 65 years with pathological AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) Stage I SCLC from 2004 to 2014 were identified. The CSS was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Patients were randomly split into training and validation sets. In the training cohort, univariate analysis and multivariate analysis by using the Cox regression identified risk factors that affected CSS, and the results were utilized to construct a nomogram for prediction of the 1-, 3-, and 5-year CSS rates of elderly patients with Stage I SCLC. The effectiveness of the nomogram was validated internally and externally by the bootstrap method.Results In total, we extracted 1,623 elderly patients with Stage I SCLC. The median CSS was 34 months, and the 5-year CSS was 41 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that histologic type, tumor size, age, and AJCC Stage were significant predictors of CSS. A nomogram was constructed according to the results of multivariate COX analysis. The C-indices of the nomogram for training and validation sets were 0.68 and 0.62, indicating that the nomogram demonstrated a favorable level of discrimination. The calibration curves exhibited satisfactory agreement between the actual observation and nomogram prediction.Conclusion A practical nomogram to predict the CSS of elderly patients with Stage I SCLC is constructed. The predictive tool is helpful for patients counseling and treatment decision making.
Two-Pool Multiplex Long-Amplicon Amplification and Full-Genome Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Liu Hong-jie , Li Jin-Hui , Lin Yan-Feng , Bo Xiao-Chen , Song Hong-Bin , Li Peng , Ni Ming
Published: November 2020

BackgroundSince the first public genome of SARS-CoV-2, over 170,000 genome sequences of the virus have been shared by researchers world-wide (till November 1st 2020). Multiplex PCR targeting SARS-CoV-2 followed by massively parallel sequencing (MPS) and/or nanopore sequencing is a widely used strategy to recover the genome from primary samples. However, the bias of amplification among different amplicons should not be ignored, which might lead to uneven sequencing coverage on the viral genome.MethodsWe aim to develop a novel multiplex PCR panel to achieve an improved coverage evenness of SARS-CoV-2. We adapt long amplicons (~1000-bp) for the panel and thus reduced the number of primer pairs. The panel was validated with clinical samples and sequenced via MPS sequencing systems and a portable nanopore sequencing device MinION. We evaluated the full-genome coverage evenness and its dependence on viral loads of the long amplicon panel; we then compared it with a 98-plex panel provided by the ARTIC network. The accuracy to identify viral genomic variations based on the panel and sequencing with MinION was assessed.ResultsWe developed a two-pool 36-plex panel for full-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2, whose amplicon size ranged from 880 to 1027 bp. For samples with a <30 Ct value, >90% viral genome could be recovered with a high sequencing depth (>0.2 mean depth) by using the long-amplicon panel (n = 36), compared with 79-88% highly covered genome region for the ARTIC panel (n = 5). The coverage evenness of the long-amplicon panel was also less affected by low viral titers and not dependent on sequencing data amount. With MinION sequencing, the consensus viral genomes could be reliably recovered. However, a high false positive rate was observed to identify sub-clonal genomic variations with a <0.6 frequency.ConclusionA novel multiplex PCR panel for full-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 with improved coverage evenness and low requirement of data throughput was validated with clinical samples. Amplification of SARS-CoV-2 with the panel followed by MinION sequencing could generate reliable consensus genome sequences, but the detection of non-dominating viral populations within host is error-prone.
Covid-19 in the Oldest-old Population (80 and Older): Clinical Presentation and Prognostic Factors of Severe Disease and Mortality. A Cohort Study.
Authors: Gálvez-Barrón César , Arroyo-Huidobro Marta , Miñarro Antonio , Añaños Gemma , Chamero Antonio , Martín Mireia , Gris Clara , Avalos Jose L , Capielo Anna , Ventosa Ester , Tremosa Gemma , Rodríguez-Molinero Alejandro
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND The oldest-old population (80 years or older) has the highest lethality from COVID-19. There is little information on the clinical presentation and specific prognostic factors for this group. This trial evaluated the clinical presentation and prognostic factors of severe disease and mortality in the oldest-old population.METHODS Ambispective cohort study of oldest-old patients hospitalized for respiratory infection associated with COVID-19 and with a positive test by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The clinical presentation and the factors associated with severe disease and mortality were evaluated (logistic regression). All patients were followed until discharge or death.RESULTS A total of 103 patients (59.2% female) were included. The most frequent symptoms were fever (68.9%), dyspnoea (60.2%), and cough (39.8%), and 11.7% presented confusion. Fifty-nine patients (57.3%) presented severe disease, and 59 died, with 43 patients (41.7%) presenting both of these. In the multivariate analysis, male sex (OR 0.31, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.13-0.73, p 0.0074) and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.21-5.37, p 0.0139) were associated with severe disease, and serum sodium was associated with mortality (OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.18-8.26, p 0.0222). No chronic disease or pharmacological treatment were associated with worse outcomes.CONCLUSIONS The typical presenting symptoms of respiratory infection in COVID-19 are less frequent in the oldest-old population. Male sex and LDH level are predictors of severe disease, and serum sodium level predicts of mortality in this population.
Aerosolised fluorescein can quantify FFP mask faceseal leakage: a cost-effective adaptation to the existing point of care fit-test.
Authors: Zaman Sameer , Seligman Henry , Lloyd Freya Hepworth , Patel Keval Tushar , Chappell Digby , O'Hare Danny , Cole Graham D , Francis Darrel P , Petraco Ricardo , Linton Nick W F
Published: November 2020

Background Filtering facepiece (FFP) respirators must provide an adequate faceseal to protect healthcare workers from harmful particles. A qualitative fit-test using bitter-tasting aerosols the commonest way to determine if an FFP mask is safe enough for clinical use. This taste-test is subjective and can be biased by placebo. We propose a cheap and quantitative modification of the taste-test, by measuring the amount of fluorescein staining filter paper behind the FFP mask after a fit-test protocol, using digital image analysis. Methods Medical grade fluorescein was added to bitter-tasting denatonium benzoate solution and Aerosolised during a mask fit-testing protocol. Scientific filter paper was placed on the inner surface of the mask. Participants were asked if they could taste the solution to determine their qualitative ‘pass’ or ‘fail’ result. Filter paper photographs were analysed after the test to quantify total fluorescence (TF). TF levels in the taste-test ‘pass’ and ‘fail’ groups were compared.Results Fifty-six healthcare professionals completed the fluorescein mask fit-test protocol. 32 (57%) ‘passed’ the qualitative (taste) test and the remainder ‘failed’. There was a significant difference in TF between the groups based on their qualitative results (p <0.001). A cut-off of TF = 5.0 x 106 fluorescence units was determined by analysing the precision (78%) and recall (84%) of the fluorescein test. Applying this cut-off resulted in 5 out of 56 participants (9%) being reclassified from ‘pass’ to ‘fail’ by the fluorescein test. 7 out of 56 (12%) participants were reclassified from ‘fail’ to ‘pass’.Conclusions Fluorescein is detectable and sensitive to identify faceseal leaks in FFP masks. The fluorescein fit-test is discriminating in its ability to divide people into ‘pass’ and ‘fail’ groups similarly to the taste-test. The adaptations are low-cost and could be incorporated in the point-of-care setting. After further validation the fluorescein test could increase safety for staff by reducing the number of false ‘pass’ by the taste-test. It could also reassure people who have ‘failed’ the taste-test that they have low levels of fluorescein leak, enabling them to return to clinical practice safely.