bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisa Respon Mekanik Speed Bump Paduan Bahan Concrete Foam dan Polymeric Foam Diperkuat Serat Tandan Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) yang Dikenai Beban Impact Jatuh Bebas
Authors: Fasi Imalsyah , Darmadi Herry , Syam Bustami
Published: January 2019

Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) memiliki nilai untuk direkayasa menjadi material alternatif yang dapat dimanfaatkan dengan alasan masih berlimpahnya bahan baku, umur pakai dapat lebih lama, mudah di desain, dapat didaur ulang, bebas korosi, tahan dan mampu menyerap suhu panas, serta ekonomis, seperti untuk pembuatan papan partikel. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan proses pembuatan dan menganalisa respon speed bump terhadap beban impak jatuh bebas. Spesimen yang diuji untuk uji impak jatuh bebasberbentuk speed bump yaitu berdimensi 200 × 200 × 150 mm. Pembuatan speed bumper dilakukan dengan cara menggunakan cetakan yang berukuran 400 × 400 × 150 (mm). Hasil uji karakteristik mekanik diperoleh dari Rata-rata tegangan impak datar dengan ketinggin 1 meter adalah 415,2142 N. Rata-rata tegangan impak datar dengan ketinggin 1 meter adalah 724,5164 N. Rata- rata tegangan impak datar dengan ketinggin 1 meter adalah 247,4222 N. Rata-rata tegangan impak datar dengan ketinggin 1 meter adalah 128,075 N.

 

Oil Palm Empty Bunches (OPEFB) have the value to be engineered to be an alternative material that can be utilized by reason of the abundance of raw materials, long life, easy to design, recyclable, corrosion free, resistant and able to absorb heat, and economical , such as for making particle boards. The purpose of this study is to obtain the manufacturing process and analyze the speed bump response to free fall impact loads. Specimens tested for free fall impact test in the form of speed bump that are dimensioned 200 × 200 × 150 mm. Making speed bumpers is done by using a mold measuring 400 × 400 × 150 (mm). The mechanical characteristic test results obtained from the average flat impact stress with 1 meter altitude is 415.2142 N. The average flat impact stress with 1 meter altitude is 724.5164 N. The average flat impact voltage with a height of 1 meter is 247 , 4222 N. The average flat impact voltage with a height of 1 meter is 128,075 N.
Kajian Peleburan Dan Pembekuan Material Berubah Phasa Pada Thermal Storage
Authors: Siregar Chandra A , Abdullah Ilmi , Ambarita Himsar
Published: January 2019

Kajian fenomena peleburan dan pemadatan material berubah phasa (Phasa Change Material/PCM) dilakukan untuk mengamati proses peleburan dari Paraffin Wax dan Stearic Acid. Percobaan dilakukan pada temperatur 90 0C, 85 0C, dan 80 0C dengan menggunakan kotak kaca dan durasi waktu peleburan 600 menit. Pengamatan visualisasi dilakukan dalam bentuk foto. Hasil pengamatan visualisasi menyatakan bahwa temperatur Thermal Energy Storage (TES) yang lebih tinggi bergerak keatas. Oleh karena itu, proses peleburan terlebih dahulu terjadi pada bagian atas. Selain itu, dalam proses pembekuan TES dimulai dari bagian bawah menuju ke atas. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa Paraffin Wax lebih efektif digunakan daripada Stearic Acid karena mampu menyerap panas lebih tinggi. Pada temperatur pengujian 90 0C diperoleh nilai panas tersimpan pada Paraffin sebesar 61,84 kJ sedangkan pada Stearic Acid 57,392 kJ.

 

The study of the phenomenon of fusion and compaction of phase-changing materials (Phase Change Material / PCM) was carried out to observe the melting process of Paraffin Wax and Stearic Acid. The experiment was carried out at temperatures of 90 0C, 85 0C, and 80 0C using a glass box and the duration of smelting time was 600 minutes. Visualization observation is done in the form of photos. The results of visualization observations state that higher Thermal Energy Storage (TES) temperatures move up. Therefore, the smelting process first occurs at the top. In addition, in the process of freezing the TES starts from the bottom to the top. From the results of the study it was found that Paraffin Wax is more effective to use than Stearic Acid because it can absorb higher heat. At the 90 0C test temperature the heat value stored in Paraffin was 61.84 kJ while in Stearic Acid 57,392 kJ.
Studi Eksperimental Analisa Kinematik Pengereman Mobil
Authors: Sabri Muhammad , Fauza Ardhian
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenemukan hubungan keterikatan antara parameter utama kinematik yang terdapat pada proses pengereman yaitu gaya, jarak dan waktu pada proses pengereman. Perbedaan pola dan karakteristik dari proses pengereman pada kendaraan dinilai sangat penting untuk diketahui disebabkan sistem rem merupakan sistem yang mempunyai peran besar terhadap keamanan dalam berkendara. Yang kemudian hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa parameter gaya berbanding terbalik terhadap jarak dan waktu pengereman ( gaya >< jarak dan waktu). Sehingga kesimpulan utama dari hasil penelitian adalah karateristik pada proses pengereman mempunyai kecenderungan yang tidak jauh berbeda tetapi memiliki perubahan jarak dan waktu pengereman yang dapat berubah ubah pada setiap variasi gaya yang diberikan pada saat sebelum dan setelah sistem rem pada kendaraan diperbaiki.

This study aims to find relationship amongst the main kinematic parameters in braking process, namely force, distance and time. The difference in patterns and characteristics of braking process of vehicles is considered very important to know because braking system constitutes a system that has a large role in safety driving. The results of the study showed the force parameters were inversely proportional to the distance and braking time (force > <distance and time). Therefore, the main conclusion of the study was the characteristics of braking process had a tendency which was not much different but gave a change in distance and braking time which could be different in each variation of force before and after the brake system in repaired vehicles.
Recycling Dirty Oil Becomes Fuel
Authors: Dayana Indri , Marbun Juliaster
Published: January 2019

Used oil is a waste of industrial activities that are often found in Indonesia and also in the world, (especially developing countries). So far the method of processing that is performed including the recycling and mixing the oil with hydrocarbons. This paper air-kan scene of Used Oil Waste becomes fuel Along population growth rate of the industrial sector was automatically increased rapidly. Examples of small scale car and motorcycle repair shop, and still a lot of waste that is dirty and notorious harm lingkungan.Oli motor vehicle after use surely will be replaced on a regular basis, having worn a lot of people or the mechanics experts, most of it carelessly discard oil. We need to know the oil may still be recycled in a deep black color and a distinctive odor. Since the number is arbitrary memebuang oil may cause environmental pollution, namely land and water. 1 liter of oil can ruin 1 million liters of water. This time also the crisis of fuel which makes us to be thrifty in its use. So in this case would discuss the processing of recycling used oil into fuel in a way that is simple and inexpensive.
Subject Bias in Image Aesthetic Appeal Ratings
Authors: Siahaan Ernestasia , Nababan Esther
Published: January 2019

Automatic prediction of image aesthetic appeal is an important part of multimedia and computer vision research, as it contributes to providing better content quality to users. Various features and learning methods have been proposed in the past to predict image aesthetic appeal more accurately. The effectiveness of these proposed methods often depend on the data used to train the predictor. Since aesthetic appeal is a subjective construct, factors that influence the subjectivity in aesthetic appeal data need to be understood and addressed. In this paper, we look into the subjectivity of aesthetic appeal data, and how it relates with image characteristics that are often used in aesthetic appeal prediction. We use subject bias and confidence interval to measure subjectivity, and check how they might be influenced by image content category and features.
Genetic Algorithms Dynamic Population Size with Cloning in Solving Traveling Salesman Problem
Authors: Nababan Erna Budhiarti , Sitompul Opim Salim , Cancer Yuni
Published: January 2019

Population size of classical genetic algorithm is determined constantly. Its size remains constant over the run. For more complex problems, larger population sizes need to be avoided from early convergence to produce local optimum. Objective of this research is to evaluate population resizing i.e. dynamic population sizing for Genetic Algorithm (GA) using cloning strategy. We compare performance of proposed method and traditional GA employed to Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) of A280.tsp taken from TSPLIB. Result shown that GA with dynamic population size exceed computational time of traditional GA.
Analisis Pelatihan, Kompensasi Intrinsik dan Lingkungan Kerja Non Fisik Terhadap Komitmen Organisasional (Studi pada Lembaga Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan Provinsi Sumatera Utara)
Authors: Syofiana Yani , Dalimunthe Ritha F , Lumbanraja Prihatin
Published: January 2019

Human Resources plays an important role in the development of an institution or organization in the future. Organizational commitment associated with the desire to give all of his employees, a form of devotion, and feel themselves part of an organization that is indicated by the desire to work as well as possible and have a high loyalty help achieve organizational goals. If the employee already has a commitment to the institution then these employees will continue to fight for the institution's goals. One form that can be carried out by the institution or organization in helping achieve their organizational commitment through their training, intrinsic compensation, as well as non-physical work environment. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of training, compensation intrinsic and non-physical work environment on the organizational commitment to employees LPMP North Sumatra Province. This research was a quantitative and descriptive nature of this research was the explanation (explanatory research). The population in this study were 121 employees and a sample of this research was all the population will be observed (census study). Analysis of data using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed first that the partial training posed positive and significant effect on organizational commitment; second that partial compensation intrinsically gave positive and significant effect on organizational commitment; third that the partial work environment non-physical influence positively and significantly related to organizational commitment; and fourth that simultaneously training, compensation intrinsic and non-physical work environment provided positive and significant effect on organizational commitment of employees LPMP North Sumatra Province.
Kajian Metode Eoq (Economic Order Quantity) Pada Model Persediaan Deterministik Dengan Perubahan Harga Dalam Pengendalian Persediaan
Authors: Hardianti Tri , Bu‘ulolo Faigiziduhu , Nababan Esther
Published: January 2019

Persediaan merupakan salah satu unsur yang paling aktif dalam operasi perusahaan yang secara terus- menerus diperoleh, diubah yang kemudian dijual kembali. Metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) merupakan metode yang digunakan untuk menemukan jumlah pesanan yang ekonomis, yaitujumlah pesanan yang memenuhi total biaya persediaan minimal dengan mempertimbangkan biaya pemesanan dan penyimpanan. Persediaan deterministik merupakan metode yang digunakan untuk meminimalkan total biaya pembelian dan penyimpanan. Dalam penelitian ini metode EOQ dikaji ke dalam bentuk model persediaan deterministik dengan perubahan harga. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode EOQ. Metode EOQ kemudian digunakan pada model persediaan deterministik dengan perubahan harga.  Model tersebut diaplikasikan pada sebuah contoh kasus dengan model special sale price yang memperoleh penghematan biaya sebesar 40.000 dan special order cost saving sebesar 133.559.888,5 dengan frekuensi pemesanan 18,5 per tahun. Model tersebut dapat digunakan pada perusahaan untuk meminimalkan biaya penyimpanan dan pembelian. Pada saat-saat tertentu perusahaan memperoleh keuntungan lebih besar dengan biaya pembelian dan penyimpanan yang lebih kecil

Inventory is one of the most active elements in the operations of a company that is continuously acquired, changed, and then resold. The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method is a method used to find economical order quantities, which is the number of orders that meet the minimum total inventory costs by considering the cost of ordering and storage. Deterministic inventory is a method used to minimize the total cost of purchase and storage. In this study, the EOQ method was examined in the form of a deterministic inventory model with price changes. The model was applied to a case sample with a special sale price model that obtained a cost savings of 40,000 and a special order saving cost of 133,559,888.5 with an order frequency of 18.5 per year. The model could be used in companies to minimize storage and purchase costs. At certain times the company achieved a bigger profit with a smaller purchase and storage cost.
Analisis Karakteristik Fungsi Lagrange Dalam Menyelesaikan Permasalahan Optimasi Berkendala
Authors: Manik Theresia Mehwani , Gultom Parapat , Nababan Esther
Published: January 2019

Optimasi adalah suatu aktivitas untuk mendapatkan hasil terbaik di dalam suatu keadaan yang diberikan. Tujuan akhir dari aktivitas tersebut adalah meminimumkan usaha (effort) atau memaksimumkan manfaat (benefit) yang diinginkan. Metode pengali Lagrange merupakan metode yang digunakan untuk menangani permasalahan optimasi berkendala. Pada penelitian ini dianalisis karakteristik dari metode pengali Lagrange sehingga metode ini dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan optimasi berkendala. Metode tersebut diaplikasikan pada salah satu contoh optimasi berkendala untuk meminimumkan fungsi objektif kuadrat sehingga diperolehlah nilai minimum dari fungsi objektif kuadrat adalah -0.0403. Banyak masalah optimasi tidak dapat diselesaikan dikarenakan kendala yang membatasi fungsi objektif. Salah satu karakteristik dari metode pengali Lagrange adalah dapat mentransformasi persoalan optimasi berkendala menjadi persoalan optimasi tanpa kendala. Dengan demikian persoalan optimasi dapat diselesaikan.

 

Optimization is an activity to get the best results in a given situation. The ultimate goal of the activity is to minimize the effort or maximize the desired benefits. The Lagrange multiplier method is a method used to handle constrained optimization problems. This study analyzed the characteristics of the Lagrange multiplier method with the aim of solving constrained optimization problems. The method was applied to one sample of constrained optimization to minimize the objective function of squares and resulted -0.0403 as the minimum value of the objective quadratic function. Many optimization problems could not be solved due to constraints that limited objective functions. One of the characteristics of the Lagrange multiplier method was that it could transform constrained optimization problems into non-constrained ones. Thus the optimization problem could be resolved.
Analisis Perubahan Kandungan Lemak Padat , Asam Lemak Trans Dan Komposisi Trigliserida Pada Pembuatan Lemak Pengganti Mentega Coklat Melalui Metode Blending Dibandingkan Interesterifikasi RBDPS Dengan RBDPKO
Authors: Ginting Mimpin , Sihotang Herlince , Singarimbun Willem Prodis
Published: January 2019

Lemak pengganti mentega coklat (CBS) dalam industri dapat dihasilkan melalui proses hidrogenasi parsial minyak cair, blending maupun interesterifikasi lemak padat dan minyak cair. Nilai kandungan asam lemak trans (TFA) dan kandungan lemak padat (SFC) merupakan parameter yang penting diuji dalam memenuhi kwalitas dari lemak tersebut sebagai edible oil. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan metode blending dibandingkan dengan interesterifikasi menggunakan katalis natrium metoksida antara lemak padat RBDPS dengan RBDPKO pada rasio 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80 dan 10:80 (b/b) untuk menghasilkan lemak pengganti mentega coklat. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh lemak pengganti coklat hasil blending maupun interesterifikasi antara RBDPS dengan RBDPKO paling sesuai pada rasio 20:80(b/b) dengan nilai SFC dari hasil analisis menggunakan fulse-NMR masing-masing 1,06% dan 1,10% pada suhu 35OC dan nilai TFA hasil analisis KGC masing-masing 0,14% dan 0,13% sedangkan perubahan komposisi trigliserida dominan terjadi pada TG-C48, TG-C50, TG-C52 dan TG-C54

 

Chocolate butter substitute (CBS) fat in the industry can be produced through the process of partial hydrogenation of liquid oil, blending and interesterification of solid fat and liquid oil. The value of trans fatty acid content (TFA) and solid fat content (SFC) are important parameters to be tested in meeting the quality of these fats as edible oil. In this study, a blending method was compared with interesterification using a sodium methoxide catalyst between RBDPS solid fat and RBDPKO at a ratio of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 20 : 80 and 10:80 (b/b) to produce substitutes for chocolate butter fat. From this study, it was found that chocolate substitute fat from blending and interesterification between RBDPS and RBDPKO best matched the ratio of 20:80 (b/b) with the SFC value from the analysis using Fulse-NMR of 1.06% and 1.10% correspondingly. 35°C temperature and TFA value from KGC analysis were 0.14% and 0.13% respectively while the change in dominant triglyceride composition occurred in TG-C48, TG-C50, TG-C52 and TG-C54.
Test Activities Antibakteriekstrak Ethanol Young And Old Leaves Of The Soursop(Annonamuricata L.) Against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Sari Dwi Latifah , Sudarmi Sudarmi , Patilaya Popi
Published: January 2019

Soursop (Annona muricata L.) has been used for generations by some communities in Indonesia to treat diseases. Soursop leaves are used as an alternative treatment for cancer, by boiling them in the water and consuming it. In addition to the treatment of cancer, soursop plant is also used for the treatment of skin diseases such as boils. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of soursop leaves of young and old against Staphylococcus aureus, determine the content of secondary metabolites, and find out the diameter of inhibitory young leaves and old leaves of soursop in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus. Soursop leaves were extracted by maceration using ethanol 96%. The extract obtained was then carried out to phytochemical screening. Antibacterial activity test was conducted using disc the Kirby-Bauerdiffusion. This study used 6 concentrations of 500 mg/mL, 400 mg/mL, 300 mg/mL, 200 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL, 80 mg/mL, 60 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL. A positive control used soursop leaf extract of young and old while a negative one used DMSO 10%. Based on phytochemical screening, ethanol extract of soursop leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids and glycosides. The antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of leaves of young soursop was higher in inhibitory diameter than the ethanol extract of old soursop leaves. It could be seen that a concentration of 500 mg/mL was equal to 10.87 mm and 8.68 mm; a concentration of 400 mg/mL was equal to 9.15 mm and 7.3 mm; a concentration of 300 mg/mL was equal to 8.34 mm and 6.30 mm; a concentration of 200 mg/mL was equal to 8.23 mm and 7.08 mm; a concentration of 100 mg/mL was equal to 6.32 mm and 6.18 mm, and a concentration of 80 mg/mL did not leave a diameter inhibitory to bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Young soursop leaf ethanol extract was more effective than the old soursop one against Staphylococcus aureus.
Hubungan Kepribadian Dengan Tingkat Prestasi Mahasiswa di Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Sumatera Utara
Authors: Nasution Septina Sari , Ariga Reni Asmara
Published: January 2019

Kepribadian merupakan karakteristik khusus yang dimiliki oleh setiap individu yang mencerminkan sikap dan perilaku yang dimilikinya. Kepribadian dapat mempengaruhi tingkat prestasi mahasiswa. Penelitian Hubungan Kepribadian dengan Tingkat Prestasi Mahasiswa di Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Sumatera Utara ini menggunakan desain deskriptif korelatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kepribadian dengan tingkat prestasi mahasiswa. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 234 mahasiswa Fakultas Keperawatan USU. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah proportionate stratified random sampling. Adapun hasil pengujian statistic Chi-square menyatakan adanya hubungan variabel bebas kepribadian dengan variabel terikat indeks prestasi mahasiswa dengan nilai p-value sebesar 0,043. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian statistic nonparametric test sperman rho yang menghasilkan kekuatan hubungan korelasi variabel kepribadian terhadap indeks prestasi sebesar 0,050. Adapun saran bagi penelitian selanjutnya adalah menyertakan variabel lain yang mempengaruhi prestasi akademik seperti minat, motivasi, guru dan cara mengajar serta faktor lingkungan sehingga dapat dilihat pengaruh dari variabel-variabel tersebut.

Personality is a special characteristic possessed by a person that reflects his attitude and behavior. Personality can affect the level of academic achievement. This study employed a correlational design with 234 students of Faculty of Nursing, University of North Sumatra as samples. This study aimed to determine the relationship between personality and academic achievement. The sampling technique used was proportionate stratified random sampling. The results of the Chi-square test determined that there was a relationship between personality trait as independent variable and academic achievement index as dependent variable with p-value of 0.043. Then, a nonparametric spearman’s rho test was conducted and produced correlation relationship strength of the personality variable to the achievement index of 0.050. It is suggested that next research should consider other variables that might affect academic achievement such as interest, motivation, lecturer teaching styles, and environment.
Gambaran Tingkat Stres, Ansietas Dan Depresi Pada Pasien Kanker Payudara Yang Menjalani Kemoterapi di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan
Authors: Br. Sitepu Yenni Epriyanta , Wahyuni Sri Eka
Published: January 2019

Breast cancer attacks a lot of women with the rate of the incidence increases each year and it is very dangerous since it causes death. It can be handled by carrying out chemotherapy treatment although it takes a long time with a lot of its side effects plus the side effect of the cancer itself so that patients will undergo psychological problem which causes them to stop the treatment. The objective of the research was to find out the description of the level of stress, anxiety, and depression in breast cancer patients who were under chemotherapy treatment. The research was descriptive. The population was 41 breast cancer patients who were under chemotherapy treatment in the inpatient wards of RSUP H. Adam Malik, Medan, and all of them were used as the samples (total sampling). The data were gathered from May 20 until June 20, 2016 by using DASS 42. The result of the research showed that 73.2% of the respondents did not have any stress, 58.5% of the respondents did not have any anxiety, and 80.5% of the respondents did not have any depression. It is recommended that the health service team involve patients’ families in providing correct intervention for the breast cancer patients who undergo stress, anxiety, and depression so that the length of treatment can be reduced, cost can be saved, and productivity can be increased.

Incidence of Breast cancer in women is increasing every year. This cancer is very dangerous because it leads to death. However, breast cancer cells can be killed by chemotherapy. chemotherapy is a long term treatment and causes side effects, most patients suffered psychological problems. This sometimes leads to unwillingness of patients to continue their treatment. The objective of this study was to determine the level of stress, anxiety, and depression of breast cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy. This study employed a descriptive study . The population was 41 breast cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy in inpatient wards in H. Adam Malik Hopital Medan, and all of them were used as samples (total sampling). The data were collected from May 20 to June 20, 2016 by using DASS 42. The results showed that 73.2% of the respondents did not have any stress, 58.5% of the respondents did not have any anxiety, and 80.5% of the respondents did not have any depression. It is recommended that the health service team involve patients’ families in providing correct intervention for the breast cancer patients who got stress, anxiety, and depression so that the length of treatment can be reduced, cost can be saved, and productivity can be increased.
Low Grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Suryadi Dedy , Laksmi Lidya Imelda , Chrestella Jessy
Published: January 2019

Tumor non-invasif merupakan mayoritas neoplasma kandung kemih primer pada diagnosis awal. Sekitar 70-75% karsinoma urotelial baru adalah non-invasif dan papiler dengan rasio laki-laki-perempuan adalah 3:1. Lebih dari 50% dari tumor ini adalah low grade. Kami melaporkan kasus perempuan 53 tahun yang mengeluh nyeri pinggang tanpa hematuria. Biopsi jaringan dari kandung kemih dilakukan. Pemeriksaan makroskopik dengan volume 1 cc massa putih keabuan dengan permukaan tidak rata. pemeriksaan mikroskopis tampak jaringan terfragmentasi dengan struktur papiler dan bercabang yang dilapisi oleh lebih dari 7 lapisan epitel transisional dengan inti pleomorfik dan sedikit ireguler, kromatin kasar, beberapa sitoplasma jernih dan aktivitas mitosis rendah. Stroma terdiri dari jaringan ikat fibrosa, dengan pembuluh darah dilatasi dan kongesti. Karcinoma urotelial papiler adalah neoplasma urotelial papiler dengan gangguan cytoarchitectural dalam berbagai tingkatan. Berdasarkan fitur histologis, diagnosis low grade papiler urotelial karsinoma dibuat. Selanjutnya, tumor ini memiliki risiko tinggi mengalami kekambuhan, dan kurang dari 15% pasien berkembang menjadi penyakit invasif.

Non-invasive tumors represent the majority of primary bladder neoplasms during initial diagnosis. About 70-75% of new urothelial carcinomas are non-invasive and papillary with male to female ratio of 3:1. More than 50% of these tumors are low grade. We reported the case of a 53-year-old woman who complained of low back pain without hematuria. Then, bladder biopsy was done. Macroscopic examination revealed 1 cc of grayish mass with an uneven surface. Microscopic examination revealed fragmented tissue with a papillae and branched structure covered with more than 7 transitional epithelium layers with slightly irregular nuclei, rough chromatin, several clear cytoplasms and low mitotic activity. Stroma consists of fibrous connective tissue, with dilated blood vessels and congestion. Papillary urothelial carcinoma is papillary urothelial neoplasm with cytoarchitectural disorder in various levels. Based on histological features, a diagnosis of low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma was made. It was concluded that this tumor had a high risk of recurrence, and less than 15% of patients develop onto invasive disease.
Perawatan Gigi Natal dengan General Anastesi pada Bayi Usia 3 Bulan : Laporan Kasus
Authors: Salmiah Siti
Published: January 2019

Gigi natal dan neonatal merupakan kasus gigi yang tumbuh sejak bayi lahir atau selama 30 hari setelah bayi lahir. Kasus ini merupakan kelainan erupsi pada gigi desidui, dimana gigi erupsi sebelum atau lebih cepat dari waktunya. Insidensi gigi natal berkisar 1: 2000 sampai 1: 3000 angka kelahiran. Gigi natal dan neonatal biasanya tumbuh pada rahang bawah bagian depan sehingga menyebabkan masalah dalam pemberian ASI, karena gigi tersebut menyebabkan luka pada gingiva, mukosa oral, lidah bayi dan puting susu ibu. Selain itu, karena gigi belum terbentuk sempurna dan hanya berpegang pada tepi gusi menyebabkan gigi goyang. Hal ini dikhawatirkan gigi dapat terlepas dan tertelan sehingga dapat menyebakan gangguan pernafasan. Pada kasus ini, bayi lahir dengan gigi sudah erupsi pada rahang bawah bagian depan. Orangtua tidak langsung membawa bayi kedokter gigi dan membiarkan saja kondisi tersebut sampai bayi berusia 3 bulan dan gigi sudah menyebabkan pembengkakan dan ulkus digingiva anterior rahang bawah dan atas, dilabial rahang atas dan permukaan ujung lidah. Kondisi ini menyebabkan bayi tidak mau minum susu sehingga berat badannya turun. Perawatan pada gigi natal ini dilakukan ekstraksi dengan general anastesi karena kondisi bayi tidak memungkinkan untuk dikerjakan diunit dental praktek dokter gigi. Kesimpulannya perawatan gigi natal harus segera dilakukan sebelum menimbulkan masalah lebih lanjut pada bayi.

Natal and neonatal teeth are teeth that appear since the infant was born or in the first 30 days after birth. This is an abnormal eruption in deciduous teeth, where the teeth erupt before or faster than the time. The incidence of natal teeth ranges from 1:2000 to 1:3000 birth rates. Natal and neonatal teeth usually appear on front lower jaw causing problems in breastfeeding because the teeth cause pain to the gingiva, oral cavity, infant's tongue and mother's nipples. In addition, because the teeth have not been fully formed and only held on to the edge of the gums, it causes the teeth shaky. It is feared that the teeth can be fell out and swallowed which can cause respiratory problems. In this case, the infant was born with erupted teeth in the front jaw. Parents did not take the infant to the dentist immediately and let the condition until the infant aged 3 months. The teeth caused swelling and ulcer in anterior gingiva of the lower and upper jaw, in the maxillary labialfrenum, and on the tip of the tongue. This condition caused the infant did not want to drink milk so that his weight dropped. General anesthesia for extraction was taken to treat the natal teeth because of impossible condition to take the infant to a dental practice unit. In conclusion, natal dental care had to be done immediately before causing further problems for infants.
Penatalaksanaan Fissure Sealent Pada Gigi Anak (Laporan Kasus)
Authors: Bachtiar Zulfi Amalia , Putria Rizki Amalia
Published: January 2019

Permukaan oklusal dengan pit dan fisur telah dikenal sebagai daerah yang rentan akan karies, karena anatomi yang spesifik dan ketidakmampuan untuk mengeliminasi plak secara adekuat. Fissure sealant adalah suatu tindakan pencegahan karies pada gigi yang secara anatomis mempunyai pit dan fisur yang dalam yang karenanya lebih gampang terserang karies. Tujuan utama diberikannya sealant adalah agar terjadinya penetrasi bahan ke dalam pit dan fisur serta berpolimerisai dan menutup daerah tersebut dari bakteri dan debris. Kasus ini merupakan tindakan penatalaksanann fissure sealent sebagai upaya pencegahan karies pada gigi anak, teknik ini terbukti efektif mengurangi insiden karies pada pit dan fisur yang merupakan bagian yang rentan karies Pit dan fisur sering terjadi pada gigi geraham, yang memiliki peranan sangat penting yaitu untuk melakukan pengunyahan di permukaannya yang lebar untuk menghaluskan partikel makanan yang sudah kita potong dengan gigi depan, dengan diberikannya bahan penutup pit dan fisur sejak awal erupsi gigi, diharapkan dapat mencegah bakteri sisa makanan berada dalam pit dan fisur.

Occlusal surfaces with pits and fissures are claimed to be vulnerable area for caries to develop due to specific anatomy and inability to eliminate plaque adequately. Fissure sealant application is an action to prevent caries in teeth which has deep pits and fissures anatomically and more easily attacked by caries. The main purpose of applying fissure sealant to teeth is to penetrate anatomic surface pits and fissures, to polymerize, and to close the area from bacteria and debris. This case was about fissure sealant application as an effort to prevent caries on children’s teeth. This application had been proven effective in reducing the occurence of caries on the pit and fissure because pit and fissure were vulnerable for caries to develop. Caries frequently occurred on molars. Molars had a very important role in food particles mastication and softening on their wide surfaces that we had cut with our front teeth. It is expected that pit and fissure sealant applied since the tooth erupts prevent the bacteria.
Optimasi Fase Gerak Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi Pada Penetapan Kadar Parasetamol, Gliseril Guaiakolat, Klorfeniramin Maleat, dan Fenilefrin Hcl Dalam Sediaan Tablet Secara Simultan
Authors: Ellora Ellora , Putra Effendy De Lux , Haro Ginda
Published: January 2019

Di pasaran, terdapat berbagai sediaan obat yang mengkombinasikan dua atau lebih zat aktif dalam satu sediaan, salah satunya adalah obat flu yang mengandung parasetamol, klorfeniramin maleat, gliseril guaiakolat dan fenilefrin hidroklorida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan kadar keempat campuran zat aktif tersebut secara simultan karena analisis keempat campuran zat aktif tersebut belum ditemukan baik di Farmakope Indonesia maupun di United States Pharmacopoeia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengoptimasi berbagai jenis campuran fase gerak yaitu metanol dengan buffer fosfat pH 4,1; metanol dengan buffer fosfat pH 4,3 dan metanol dengan buffer fosfat pH 4,6. Selain itu juga dilakukan optimasi berbagai perbandingan fase gerak yaitu 30:70; 40:60; 50:50; 60:40 dan 70:30. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi fase gerak metanol:buffer fosfat pH 4,3 dengan perbandingan fase gerak 60:40; laju alir 1 ml/menit dan dideteksi pada panjang gelombang 263 nm dapat digunakan untuk menetapkan kadar parasetamol, klorfeniramin maleat, gliseril guaiakolat dan fenilefrin hidroklorida secara KCKT. Hasil kadar pada sediaan tablet Supraflu® memenuhi persyaratan yaitu diperoleh kadar fenilefrin HCl, parasetamol, gliseril guaiakolat dan klorfeniramin maleat berturutturut adalah 99,2362% ± 0,4493%; 96,0242% ± 0,2180%; 97,9870% ± 0,7435% dan 101.4191% ± 0,7106%.

There are numerous drug preparations that consist two or more active substances in a fixed combination dosage form . One of them is flu remedies containing paracetamol, chlorpheniramine maleate, glycerylguaiacolate, and phenylephrine hydrochloride. This study aimed to determine the levels of the four mixtures of active substances simultaneously because the analysis of the four mixtures of active substances had not been found either in Indonesian Pharmacopoeia or in the United States Pharmacopoeia. The study was conducted by optimizing various types of mobile phase mixtures, i.e. methanol-phosphate buffer at pH 4.1, methanol- phosphate buffer at pH 4.3, and methanol-phosphate buffer at pH 4.6. Besides that, optimization of various mobilephase ratios were also conducted, i.e. 30:70; 40:60; 50:50; 60:40 and 70:30. The results showed that the mobilephase combination of methanol-phosphate buffer at pH 4.3 with a mobilephase ratio of 60:40; flow rate of 1 ml/minute and detection wavelength at 263 nm could be used to determine the levels of paracetamol, chlorpheniramine maleate, glycerylguaiacolate, and phenylephrine hydrochloride using HPLC. The results of the levels in Supraflu® tablet preparations met the requirements, where levels of phenylephrine HCl, paracetamol, glycerylguaiacolate and chlorpheniraminemaleate   were 99.2362% ± 0.4493%; 96,0242% ± 0,2180%; 97.9870% ± 0.7435% and 101.4191% ± 0.7106%, respectively.
Kulit Biji Jengkol (Archidendron jiringa (Jack) I. C Nielsen) Sebagai Sumber Obat Herbal Berdasarkan Toksisitas Ekstrak
Authors: Marpaung Lamek , Nasution Muhammad Pandapotan , Simanjuntak Partomuan , Lubis Misri Yanty
Published: January 2019

Pemanfaatan kulit biji jengkol masih sangat terbatas, bahkan sering ditemukan menjadi tumpukan sampah organik di pasar-pasar tradisional daerah Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki kandungan senyawa fenolik yang terdapat pada kulit biji jengkol. Senyawa fenolik memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang dapat mencegah beberapa jenis penyakit. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh ekstrak metanol, ekstrak etil asetat, ekstrak n-heksan dan total fenolik dari kulit biji jengkol dan dilakukan uji toksisitas menggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Nilai LC50 yang diperoleh untuk ekstrak metanol, ekstrak etil asetat, ekstrak n-heksan dan total fenolik secara berturut-turut adalah 14,91; 14,19; 3419,64 dan 10,44 ppm. Nilai LC50 dipengaruhi oleh kandungan senyawa fenolik yang ada pada ekstrak. Nilai LC50 ekstrak metanol, ekstrak etil asetat dan fenolik total menunjukkan nilai toksisitas yang tinggi. Berdasarkan pada nilai LC50 yang diperoleh, disimpulkan bahwa kulit biji jengkol dapat digunakan sebagai sumber obat herbal untuk pengobatan berbagai jenis penyakit.
Kualitas Hidup Pasien Hipertensi Tanpa Komplikasi di Daerah Puskesmas Medan Labuhan
Authors: Wahyuni Arlinda Sari , Lubis Indah Royhan
Published: January 2019

Penyakit kardiovaskular akibat hipertensi dapat menyebabkan masalah pada kualitas hidup, sehingga kualitas hidup penderita akan terganggu dan angka harapan hidup juga akan menurun.Pengukuran kualitas hidup merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat membantu tenaga kesehatan dan masyarakat untuk mengetahui gambaran kondisi pasien, sehingga dapat melakukan pencegahan dan penanggulangan penyakit hipertensi dengan baik. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan rancangan penelitian potong lintang. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah penderita hipertensi tanpa komplikasi berusia <60 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi penelitian yaitu penderita hipertensi tanpa komplikasi berusia <60 tahun. Sampel penelitian dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik consecutif, yaitu sebanyak 84. Hasil pengumpulan data didapatkan penderita hipertensi tanpa komplikasi berusia <60 tahun dengan skoring dari 8 komponen SF-36 dijumpai buruk. Dari komponen fungsi fisik dijumpai kualitas hidup buruk dengan persentase 38,16, keterbatasan fisik 56,54, nyeri tubuh 58,17, kesehatan secara umum 52,07, vitalitas 48,0, keterbatasan emosional 50,39, dan kesehatan mental 49,67. Dari hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan pasien hipertensi dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup dengan memanfaatkan fasilitas kesehatan, menambah pengetahuan mengenai kualitas hidup, dan mengikuti kegiatan promosi kesehatan sehingga penyakitnya dapat dikontrol.
Kajian Etnobotani Tumbuhan Obat pada Masyarakat Blang Bungong Kecamatan Tangse Kabupaten Pidie-Aceh
Authors: Ernilasari Ernilasari , Saudah Saudah , Suzanni Mulia Aria , Diana Diana , Irhamni Irhamni
Published: January 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang kajian etnobotani pada masyarakat Blang Bungong kecamatan Tangse Kabupaten Pidie-Aceh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menginventarisasi pemanfaatan tanaman obat oleh masyarakat Desa Blang Bungong di kabupaten Pidie Aceh. Tujuan khusus dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis tanaman yang digunakan, bagian yang digunakan, cara menggunakan tumbuhan, cara mendapatkan, serta penyakit yang diobati. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), yaitu proses penilaian yang berorientasi pada keterlibatan dan peran masyarakat dalam penelitian. Sampel penelitian ini adalah dukun tradisional, dan masyarakat Blang Bungong. Tumbuhan yang digunakan sebagai obat oleh masyarakat Blang Bungong sebanyak 25 spesies yang tersebar dalam 19 famili. Bagian tumbuhan yang paling sering digunakan adalah daun. Tumbuhan obat didapatkan masyarakat berasal dari tumbuham liar dan budidaya. Penyakit diobati umumnya adalah penyakit ringan seperti flu, demam dan batuk.

The ethnobotanical study has been conducted in Blang Bungong community, Tangse, Pidie-Aceh. This research aimed to identify and collect the utilization of medicinal plant by people in Blang Bungong, Pidie Aceh. This research was conducted especially to evaluate the type of plant, part of the plant, how to use the plant, how to collect the plant and the diseases that were treated. The method used was the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method, the assessment process that is oriented to the involvement and role of the community in research. The sample of this study was the traditional shaman and Blang Bungong community. There were 25 species of 19 families of plants that have been used by Blang Bungong community. The part of the plant that most often used was a leaf. People collected medicinal plants from wild plants and cultivation
Karakteristik Pengetahuan Dan Kepatuhan Diet Pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus DiPuskesmas Pekan Labuhan Medan
Authors: Dasopang Eva Sartika
Published: January 2019

Latar Belakang: Diabetes mellitus merupakan salah satu penyakit metabolisme yang terjadi pada seseorang karena terjadinya peningkatakan kadar gula darah melebihi batas normal. Peningkatan kadar gula terjadi karena adanya gangguan pada sekresi insulin dan kerja insulin. Salah satu cara untuk mencegah resiko terjadinya komplikasi dan kekambuhan pada diabetes mellitus adalah dengan menerapkan kepatuhan diet pada penderita diabetes mellitus. Kepatuhan diet pada penderita diabetes mellitus harus diperhatikan karena diet merupakan salah satu factor untuk menstabilkan kadar gula dalam darah menjadi normal dan mencegah terjadinya komplikasi pada penderita diabetes mellitus Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini di desain secara cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien diabetes mellitus yang melakukan kunjungan di Puskesmas Labuhan Medan pada bulan Juli 2017.Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling.Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuisioner dan analisis data menggunakan metode Chi square. Hasil: Penderita Diabetes Mellitus di puskesmas Pekan Labuhan Medan mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan rendah sebesar 2%, sedang 44% dan tinggi 54%.Sedangkan tingkat kepatuhan rendah sebesar 2%, sedang 46% dan tinggi 52%. Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan diet dengan kepatuhan diet pada penderita diabetes mellitus di Puskesmas Pekan Labuhan Medan dengan p value 0,001 (< 0,05).

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of metabolism disease due to abnormally high blood glucose level. The high blood glucose levels occur because of interference in insulin secretion and insulin action. One way to prevent the risk of complications and recurrence in diabetes mellitus is to apply dietary adherence to people with diabetes mellitus. Dietary compliance in people with diabetes mellitus must be considered because the diet is one factor to stabilize blood glucose levels to normal and prevent complications in people with diabetes mellitus. Methods: The research design was cross sectional. The population of this study were all diabetes mellitus patients The population in this study were all patients with diabetes mellitus who visited Primary Health Center of Labuhan Medan in July 2017. Sampling was performed by purposive sampling method. Data was collected using questionnaires and data were analyzed using the Chi-square method. Results: Diabetes Mellitus patients at Pekan Labuhan Medan Primary health center have a low level of knowledge of 2%, moderate 44% and high 54%. While the level of compliance was low at 2%, medium 46%, and high 52%. Conclusion: The results showed that there was no significant difference between knowledge of diet and dietary compliance in people with diabetes mellitus at the Pekan Labuhan Primary Health Center, Medan with p-value of 0,001 (< 0,05).
Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Biwa (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) Terhadap DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)
Authors: Marianne Marianne , Septiani Revi , Yuliana Yuliana
Published: January 2019

Biwa (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) dapat tumbuh dengan mudah di dataran tinggi di Sumatera Utara. Tanaman ini memiliki banyak khasiat dalam mengobati berbagai penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antioksidan daun E. japonica dengan menggunakan DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil). Daun E. japonica dimaserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Ekstrak diuji dengan metode pemerangkapan radikal bebas menggunakan DPPH. Kuersetin digunakan sebagai antioksidan standar. Ekstrak diukur pada konsentrasi 0, 20, 40, 60 dan 80 ppm dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 516 nm, setelah diinkubasi 15 menit dengan DPPH. Daun E. japonica memiliki nilai IC50 56,59 µg/mL sedangkan IC50 kuersetin adalah 4,36 µg/mL. Sehubungan dengan itu, daun E. japonica digolongkan sebagai antioksidan kuat dan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut.

 

Biwa (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) can grow easily in the highlands in North Sumatra. This plant can be used to treat various diseases. This research aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of E. japonica leaves using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pikrilhidrazil). E. japonica leaves were macerated using ethanol 96%. The extract was evaluated by free radical scavenging method using DPPH. Quercetin was used as standard antioxidant.  The extract was measured with concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 ppm using spectrophotometer at 516 nm wavelength, after incubated with DPPH for 15 minutes. E. japonica leaves showed the IC50 value of 56,59 µg/mL, meanwhile, the IC50value of quercetin was 4,36 µg/mL. According to the result, E. japonica leaf was categorized as strong anti-oxidant and can be further developed
Pengetahuan Etnofarmakologi Tumbuhan Alang-Alang (ImperatacylindricaL.) Oleh Beberapa Masyarakat Etnik di Indonesia
Authors: Al Manar Primadhika
Published: January 2019

Indonesia merupakan Negara dengan keanekaragaman hayati hutan tropika terbesar ketiga di dunia setelah Brazil dan Kongo. Keanekaragaman hayati merupakan modal dasar bagi pembangunan nasional yang bermanfaat untuk mencapai kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan tanaman alang-alang (ImperatacylindricaL.) sebagaiobat (etnofarmakologi) padabeberapamasyarakatetnis yang ada di Indonesia. Pemanfaatan tumbuhan alang-alang (ImperatacylindricaL) oleh beberapa masyarakat etnis di Indonesia sangat beragam. Tumbuhan alang-alang digunakan oleh beberapa masyarakat etnis di Indonesia sebagai obat pendarahan, sakit perut, maag, batu ginjal, alergi, dan sebagainya. Pengetahuan lokal yang berbeda-beda dari masyarakat etnis di Indonesia mengenai tanaman alang-alang merupakan sebuah potensi yang besar bagi industri pembuatan obat herbal dari alang-alang. Pengetahuan lokal merupakan modal dasar bagi pembagunan berkelanjutan.

 

Indonesia is a country with the third largest tropical forest biodiversity in the world after Brazil and Congo. Biodiversity is the basic capital for national development that is beneficial for achieving community welfare. The aim of this study was to determine the use of alang-alang (ImperataacylindricaL) as a drug (ethnopharmacology) in several ethnic communities in Indonesia. The utilization of alang-alang (Imperata cylindricaL) by several ethnic communities in Indonesia is very diverse. Alang-alang are used by several ethnic communities in Indonesia for the treatment of bleeding, abdominal pain, ulcers, kidney stones, allergies, and so on. Different local knowledge of ethnic communities in Indonesia regarding alang-alang plants is a great potential for herbal manufacture of alang-alang. Local knowledge is the basic capital for sustainable development