bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comunicação e inteligência artificial: novos desafios e oportunidades para a pesquisa em comunicação
Authors: Gunkel David J. , Trento Francisco B. , Gonçalves Daniela Norcia
Published: April 2017

Resumo Este artigo advoga em favor de significativas reorientações e reconceitualizações dos estudos do campo da Comunicação, de maneira a acomodar as oportunidades e desafios introduzidos pelas máquinas cada vez mais inteligentes. Particularmente, buscamos demonstrar, por um lado, como e porque a atividade comunicacional vem sendo considerada uma condição definidora da inteligência artificial (IA) e, por outro lado, como a teoria da IA e o desenvolvimento de aplicações que a envolvam complica a ideia do sujeito de comunicação, urgindo requerer modificações significantes tanto em seu aparato conceitual quanto em sua estrutura filosófica.
Uso da casuística no processo ensino-aprendizagem de bioética em saúde
Authors: Leite Daniela Aparecida Azevedo , Pessalacia Juliana Dias Reis , Braga Patrícia Pinto , Rates Camila Maria Pereira , Azevedo Cissa , Zoboli Elma Lourdes Campos Pavone
Published: April 2017

Resumo Existem vários modelos em bioética capazes de contribuir para tomada de decisão em saúde. O modelo da casuística trabalha com análise de casos reais para se tomar decisões diante de problemas bioéticos. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, qualitativo, a partir de análise temática, realizado com 16 acadêmicos da área de saúde com o objetivo de identificar suas experiências no processo de ensino-aprendizagem em bioética a partir do método de casos, fundamentado no modelo da casuística. Emergiram duas categorias: “o modelo da casuística como facilitador da formação do posicionamento ético e do processo de tomada de decisão” e “a dificuldade da aplicação prática dos paradigmas e analogias no modelo da casuística”. A partir das experiências relatadas, conclui-se que o modelo da casuística contribui significativamente para a tomada de decisão em problemas bioéticos, bem como auxilia o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de bioética durante a graduação na área da saúde.
Ética e aspectos psicossociais em crianças e adolescentes candidatos a cirurgia bariátrica
Authors: Moreira Luiza Amélia Cabus
Published: April 2017

Resumo Tratamento e prevenção da obesidade na infância e adolescência são discutidos entre médicos e público leigo. Há poucas informações disponíveis sobre cirurgia bariátrica nessa faixa etária quanto a consequências em longo prazo, mas dados sugerem que esse procedimento é oferecido cada vez mais frequentemente. Surgem questões éticas de extrema relevância relacionadas a conceitos como beneficência, autonomia, capacidade e igualdade. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir aspectos éticos e biopsicossociais envolvidos na decisão sobre a intervenção cirúrgica para casos de obesidade em crianças e adolescentes. Trata-se de revisão de literatura mediante pesquisa no banco de dados PubMed entre maio de 1994 e maio de 2015, utilizando os termos “ethics” e “bariatric surgery” × “adolescents” × “children”. Verificou-se que o tratamento cirúrgico da obesidade em crianças e adolescentes é controverso. Médicos devem estar atentos ao disponibilizar para pais e pacientes todas as informações atualmente existentes.
Relação entre acompanhante e acompanhado: reflexões acerca do dispositivo amizade-clínica
Authors: Silveira Ricardo Wagner Machado da
Published: April 2017

Resumo Este trabalho é baseado em uma tese de doutorado que pretende refletir sobre a relação terapêutica entre acompanhante e acompanhado e suas possíveis aproximações com a relação de amizade. Utilizamos como intercessores, por um lado, o conceito de amizade dos filósofos Nietzsche, Montaigne e Blanchot e a técnica da análise mútua desenvolvida pelo psicanalista Sándor Ferenczi, para problematizar os movimentos de proximidade e distância que ocorrem no acompanhamento terapêutico. Por outro lado, dialogamos com os conceitos de políticas de amizade em Foucault, agir político em Arendt e especialmente conceitos como o Fora, o devir, a transversalidade e outros criados por Deleuze e Guattari, fundamentais para a reflexão sobre a dimensão ética, estética e política da clínica do Acompanhamento Terapêutico.
Concepções de pais e professores sobre a inclusão de crianças autistas
Authors: Lemos Emellyne Lima de Medeiros Dias , Salomão Nádia Maria Ribeiro , Aquino Fabiola de Sousa Braz , Agripino-Ramos Cibele Shírley
Published: April 2017

Resumo Este estudo objetivou analisar as concepções de pais e professores acerca da criança autista e do seu processo de inclusão escolar. Participaram seis professores de escolas regulares da cidade de João Pessoa-PB e oito pais de crianças diagnosticadas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista. Foram realizadas entrevistas, que foram gravadas e transcritas integralmente e os dados submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram que os pais demonstraram expectativas voltadas para a socialização e para aprendizagens acadêmicas, enquanto os professores mencionaram em suas estratégias a adoção de práticas mais voltadas à socialização. Destacou-se também que pais, à medida que acompanham o desenvolvimento de seus filhos, e professores, a partir do contato com crianças autistas, relataram ter expectativas mais positivas em relação a estas crianças. Conhecer as concepções de pais e professores é fundamental para promover a inclusão escolar de crianças autistas, que ocorre através da participação efetiva das duas partes.
CONSUMO ENERGÉTICO PROVENIENTE DE ALIMENTOS ULTRAPROCESSADOS POR ADOLESCENTES
Authors: D’Avila Helen Freitas , Kirsten Vanessa Ramos
Published: April 2017

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o consumo proveniente dos alimentos ultraprocessados e fatores relacionados em adolescentes. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 784 adolescentes (de ambos os sexos e entre 12 a 19 anos) de escolas públicas e privadas do município de Palmeira das Missões, Brasil. O consumo alimentar foi registrado pelo questionário semiquantitativo de frequência de consumo de alimentos e convertido em energia (Kcal/dia). Os alimentos foram classificados em: minimamente processados, grupo 1 (G1); alimentos processados, grupo 2 (G2); e alimentos ultraprocessados, grupo 3 (G3). As variáveis avaliadas foram: sexo, classe socioeconômica, cor, atividade física, índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e níveis pressóricos. Na comparação de variáveis quantitativas foi usado o teste de Mann-Whitney e o teste H de Kruskal-Wallis. Para ajustar as diferenças entre os grupos, considerando os efeitos de calorias totais, foi aplicado o teste de análise de covariância (ANCOVA). Resultados: A mediana do consumo energético total foi de 3.039,8 Kcal e a de ultraprocessados foi de 1.496,5 Kcal/dia (49,23%). O consumo calórico proveniente dos alimentos do G1, do G2 e do G3 não diferiu de acordo com a cor da pele dos adolescentes. Os adolescentes pertencentes às classes C e D são os maiores consumidores de calorias do G2 e do G3 (p<0,001). Os adolescentes insuficientemente ativos consomem menos calorias de alimentos minimamente processados. Os adolescentes eutróficos apresentam maior consumo do G3 (p<0,001), quando comparados aos que possuem excesso de peso. Conclusões: O consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados associou-se ao nível social, ao nível de atividade física e ao estado nutricional.
AVALIAÇÃO OBJETIVA E SUBJETIVA DA NECESSIDADE DE TRATAMENTO ORTODÔNTICO DO ADOLESCENTE E SEU IMPACTO SOBRE A AUTOESTIMA
Authors: Sharma Anshika , Mathur Anmol , Batra Manu , Makkar Diljot Kaur , Aggarwal Vikram Pal , Goyal Nikita , Kaur Puneet
Published: April 2017

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a presença de associação entre a avaliação objetiva e subjetiva da necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico em adolescentes e seu impacto na autoestima. Métodos: Estudo transversal com adolescentes de 10 a 17 anos da cidade de Sri Ganganagar, Rajastão, Índia. Foi utilizado o Índice de Ortodontia de Saúde Dental (IOTN) para avaliar de modo objetivo a necessidade de tratamento (DHC) e o componente estético desse índice (AC) para a avaliação subjetiva. Os estudantes selecionados foram também avaliados quanto a traumatismos dentários, perda dentária e cárie dentária. Aplicou-se a escala de autoestima de Rosenberg para determinar o nível de autoestima dos estudantes. Os dados foram analisados por regressão linear múltipla, testando a associação individual das diferentes variáveis clínicas independentemente da autoestima dos adolescentes, de acordo com o escore da escala de Rosenberg. Resultados: Entre 1.140 adolescentes estudados, a prevalência da necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico avaliado de modo objetivo pelo IOTN-DHC ocorreu em 56,9% dos indivíduos. A avaliação subjetiva do adolescente (IOTN-AC) revelou prevalência de necessidade de tratamento de 53,3%. A análise multivariada mostrou que, além de todos os problemas dentários, o componente objetivo (IOTN-DHC), seguido do componente estético subjetivo (IOTN-AC), teve maior impacto na autoestima dos estudantes analisados. Conclusões: A insatisfação com a aparência dental é um forte preditor de baixa autoestima na adolescência.
Model for soybean production forecast based on prevailing physical conditions
Authors: Gusso Anibal , Arvor Damien , Ducati Jorge Ricardo
Published: April 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the reliability of the physiological meaning of the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) data for the development of a remote sensing-based procedure to estimate soybean production prior to crop harvest. Time-series data from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (Modis) were applied to investigate the relationship between local yield fluctuations of soybean and the prevailing physically-driven conditions in the state of Mato Grosso, located in the south of the Brazilian Amazon. The developed methodology was based on the coupled model (CM). The CM provides production estimates for early January, using images from the maximum crop development period. Production estimates were validated at three different spatial scales: state, municipality, and local. At the state and municipality levels, the results obtained from the CM were compared with official agricultural statistics from Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística and Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento, from 2001 to 2011. The coefficients of determination ranged from 0.91 to 0.98, with overall result of R2=0.96 (p≤0.01), indicating that the model adheres to official statistics. At the local level, spatially distributed data were compared with production data from 422 crop fields. The coefficient of determination (R2=0.87) confirmed the reliability of the EVI for its applicability on remote sensing-based models for soybean production forecast.
MANAGEMENT OF PARTHENIUM WEED USING METABOLITES OF Alternaria japonica
Authors: JAVAID A. , MUBEEN T , BASHIR U , SHOAIB A
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) is an alien invasive weed infesting many parts of the world including Pakistan. A number of herbicides have been recommended for control of this weed, but these herbicides have issues regarding human health and environmental safety. In the current study, the herbicidal potential of culture filtrates of a fungal species, namely Alternaria japonica, was evaluated against parthenium weed. The fungal species was grown in malt extract broth (MEB) and potato dextrose broth (PDB) for 15 days. Culture filtrates were obtained by passing the materials through muslin cloth followed by filtration through filter paper and then through Millipore filter paper. In laboratory bioassays, the effect of original (X) and diluted (1/2X) filtrates was studied on seed germination, and shoot and root growth of parthenium. In general, fungal culture filtrates prepared in either of the two growth medium significantly reduced germination and seedling growth of parthenium. However, culture filtrates prepared in potato dextrose broth showed greater herbicidal activity than those prepared in malt extract broth. Foliar spray bioassays were carried out by using culture filtrates of A. japonica prepared in potato dextrose broth. In this experiment, 1-, 2- and 3 week old parthenium seedlings were sprayed 4 times with original (X) and concentrated (2X) fungal culture filtrates, with intervals of 4 days. In general, 1 week old parthenium seedlings were highly susceptible to foliar spray of fungal metabolites. The present study concludes that culture filtrates of A. japonica prepared in potato dextrose broth contain potent herbicidal constituents for management of parthenium.
Hoteles y sanatorios: influencia de la tuberculosis en la arquitectura del turismo de masas
Authors: Morales Eduardo Jiménez , Díaz Ingrid Carolina Vargas
Published: April 2017

Resumen Este artículo pretende constatar la influencia que ha ejercido la tuberculosis en la formalización de la arquitectura del turismo de masas. Para ello se repasa la evolución tipológica del hotel a partir de la eclosión del sanatorio antituberculoso en el contexto de la estación turística alpina de mediados del siglo XIX. Un recorrido que se realiza tendiendo puentes entre los progresos en arquitectura y los avances en terapias médicas. El objetivo es hacer evidente el proceso de hibridación que se produce entre ambas tipologías arquitectónicas. Una imbricación que se extiende hasta la Segunda Guerra Mundial pero cuya influencia aún persiste en la arquitectura del turismo masivo de sol y playa.
Programas socioeducativos y regulación del trabajo docente en el nivel secundario
Authors: Meo Analía Inés , Milstein Diana
Published: April 2017

Resumen Durante las últimas tres décadas, los gobiernos nacionales y provinciales han implementado diferentes tipos de políticas para modificar aspectos centrales de la enseñanza secundaria estatal en Argentina. En este trabajo examinaremos, a partir del análisis etnográfico de un programa socioeducativo, cómo las políticas educativas, instaladas en los 90 y profundizadas en los 2000 -que sostienen una retórica tendiente a producir más autonomía escolar- están redefiniendo aspectos centrales del trabajo docente. Analizaremos el Programa de Fortalecimiento Institucional de la Escuela Media de la ciudad de Buenos Aires y los efectos prácticos que produjo esta modalidad de intervención estatal, respecto del gobierno escolar, de las relaciones de poder en la escuela, y de las condiciones de trabajo de docentes de una escuela secundaria que trabaja con jóvenes de familias vulnerables en el sur de la ciudad. Para ello, en primer lugar, situaremos nuestra investigación en el campo de producción de conocimiento local. Luego, presentaremos la historia de las Escuelas Municipales de Educación Media y mostraremos cómo su creación representó una transformación del gobierno escolar en el nivel medio en la Ciudad. Seguidamente, focalizaremos nuestra atención en el programa Fortalecimiento como modalidad de regulación institucional estatal y, a continuación, nos detendremos en la descripción del proyecto escolar El Puente. Este recorrido nos permitirá evidenciar cambios significativos en el gobierno escolar, las relaciones entre directores y docentes, así como la precarización e intensificación de su trabajo. Realizamos nuestro trabajo de campo entre noviembre de 2012 y diciembre de 2014.
Associated factors to urinary incontinence in women undergoing urodynamic testing
Authors: Silva Juliana Cristina Pereira da , Soler Zaida Aurora Sperli Geraldes , DominguesWysocki Anneliese
Published: April 2017

Abstract OBJECTIVE Analyzing factors associated with urinary incontinence (UI) among women submitted to urodynamic testing. METHOD A cross-sectional study of 150 women attended at a urological center. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistics. RESULTS White women (79.3%), overweight (45.3%), menopausal (53.3%), who drink coffee (82.7%), sedentary (65.3%), who had vaginal birth (51.4%), with episiotomy (80%), and who underwent the Kristeller maneuver (69%). 60.7% had Urethral Hypermobility (UH). A statistical association was found between: weight change and UH (p = 0.024); menopause, Intrinsic Sphincter Deficiency (ISD) and Detrusor Instability (DI) (p = 0.001); gynecological surgery, ISD and DI (p = 0.014); hysterectomy and all types of UI (p = 0.040); physical activity and mixed UI (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION Interventions and guidance on preventing UI and strengthening pelvic muscles should be directed at women who present weight changes, who are sedentary menopausal women, and those who have undergone hysterectomy or other gynecological surgery. Studies on pelvic strengthening methods are needed in order to take into account the profile of the needs presented by women.
Electrokinetic geosynthetics: from research to hype to practice
Authors: Jones Colin , Lamont-Black John , Huntley David , Alder David , Glendinning Stephanie
Published: April 2017

Electrokinetic geosynthetics enable civil engineers to put electrical energy into the ground to stiffen it and control groundwater flows. This paper summarises the evolution of the technology over the past 25 years, from research by way of hype and into practice. It was conceived in 1993 at Newcastle University in the UK, combining established knowledge of geotextiles with historical studies of electrokinetics. A series of UK government-funded research programmes helped to generate global interest in its possible applications, leading to a technology spin-off company being incorporated in 2001 to attract private venture capital investment and further development funding. This eventually narrowed down the practical applications to slope stabilisation and dewatering, which now form the company’s main revenue streams.
GCLs with factory-applied bentonite below geomembrane wrinkle
Authors: Joshi Prabeen , Rowe R Kerry , Brachman Richard W I
Published: April 2017

The hydraulic performance of geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) panels with a geotextile impregnated with factory-applied bentonite that are overlapped by 300 mm to form a seam is reported for when a wrinkle in an overlying geomembrane intersects the underlying GCL seam. Two GCLs with impregnated bentonite are examined. It is shown that the details of how a GCL is needle-punched can have a significant impact on the effectiveness of seams formed using bentonite impregnated in the cover geotextile. In one case, the hydraulic performance was quite good. In the second case, the impregnated bentonite was not sufficient to seal the unstressed portion of the seam. However, 400 g/m of powdered supplemental bentonite piled along the centre of the seam provided an adequate seal and decreased the flow by orders of magnitude. The results show the validity of manufacturers’ recommendations that stress be applied to the overlap or, if used in a composite liner, that the geomembrane be installed with no wrinkles. If these recommendations cannot be followed, then the reported experiments show that about 400 g/m of powdered supplemental bentonite piled along the centre of the seam resolved the issue.
Pre- and post-cracking torsion in prestressed concrete beams: experimental study
Authors: Chao Min , Jeng Chyuan-Hwan
Published: April 2017

Experimental cracking-twist data on torsional concrete beams display significant variations due to the difficulty of measuring small twists during torsion tests of concrete beams. A recent torsion experiment on large reinforced concrete (RC) beam specimens developed a new method that was able to accurately measure small twists before and around cracking. In the current study, the test method was extended to torsion experiments on prestressed concrete (PSC) beam specimens. In addition to addressing the issue of small-twist measurement, the new method also improved other aspects, such as precise measurement and examination of prestressing forces and prestress transfer, and the testing of relatively large specimens with medium to high prestressing levels. This paper describes the test apparatus and method, presents the experimental results of six PSC beam specimens, and discusses and compares the experimental results. The experimental cracking torques Tcr,Test are compared with the Tcr,RC values calculated using a rational formula for RC members. It was found that the Tcr,Test/Tcr,RC ratio for solid PSC beams increases almost linearly with increasing prestress ratio (fpc/f′c) when fpc/f′c is in the range of approximately 0·09 to 0·16, and asymptotically approaches an upper limit of 1·80 when fpc/f′c exceeds 0·16.
Is die toegepaste taalkunde 'n onderdeel van die linguïstiek?
Authors: Weideman A
Published: April 2017

Die redelik onlangse ontstaan van die toegepaste taalkunde as dissipline verklaar waarom die definisies daarvan soveel stryd ontlok. Daar is 'n veelheid van wyses waarop die veld gekonseptualiseer word. Tans is multi- of inter- en selfs transdissiplinariteit weereens gewilde terme in sulke definisies. Merkwaardig genoeg verbind sommige huidige beskouings die veld eksklusief aan die taalkunde, net soos by die aanvang van die dissipline sowat 60 jaar gelede. Hierdie artikel bespreek 'n reeks onlangse herbesinnings oor die definisies vir die dissipline. Die argument word gevoer dat daar nie konseptuele kontinuïteit tussen die linguistiek en die toegepaste taalkunde bestaan nie. Die filosofiese idee word benut dat dissiplines optimaal gedefinieer kan word - nie met verwysing na konkrete entiteite (soos "taal") nie, maar eerder deur te verwys na die teoreties onderskeibare modaliteite of aspekte. Daardie aspekte funksioneer as konseptuele invalshoeke vir dissiplinêre begripsvorming. Die tersaaklike modaliteite hier is respektiewelik die linguale aspek, wat begripsvorming in die linguistiek omskryf, en die tegniese dimensie van ons ervaring, wat sentraal staan in toegepaste taalkundige begripsvorming. Daar is historiese redes waarom sommige taalkundiges ongemaklik was binne die linguistiek, en verkies het om eerder as "toegepaste" taalkundiges te werk. Sulke ongemak is egter nie voldoende rede om helderheid oor die aard van hul teoreties analitiese arbeid te vermy nie. Dissiplinêre definisies bly belangrik: modernistiese en postmodernistiese idees onderliggend aan die linguistiek en die toegepaste taalkunde hou gevolge vir sulke werk in. Dissiplinêre bewustheid, veral van paradigmaverskille, beskerm akademici teen naïewe opinies of die klakkelose navolg van intellektuele modes.
Slavoj Žižek en film(teorie)? Deel 1: 'n Oorsig
Authors: Van Den Berg C
Published: April 2017

Enersyds weens die gebruik van filmvoorbeelde in sy filosofiese werk en andersyds weens sy teoretisering van film vanuit 'n Lacaniaanse perspektief, het Slavoj Žižek 'n beduidende merk op filmteorie gelaat. Hierdie artikel stel ten doel om die kontoere en belangrikste motiewe van 'n Žižekiaanse filmteorie te beskryf. Omdat Žižek homself as verteenwoordiger van 'n Lacaniaanse konseptuele tradisie presenteer, word sy eie idees rondom film teen die historiese ontwikkelinge van tradisionele Lacaniaanse filmteorie gestel. Die evolusie in laasgenoemde tradisie hang nou met 'n herkonseptualisering van die filmiese "gaze" as objektivering van die Lacaniaanse objet petit a saam. Met hierdie herkonseptualisering, vergesel van 'n sentraalstelling van aspekte soos die Reële, jouissance, begeerte en fantasie, sinjaleer Žižekiaanse filmteorie 'n terugkeer na 'n latere Lacan - nie die Lacan van die spieëlfase nie. Žižek, as boegbeeld van neo-Lacaniaanse filmteorie, ontsnap egter aan die teoretiese ivoor- toring. Omdat films volgens hom soortgelyk aan ideologie funksioneer (as 'n betekenisstruktuur wat die begeerte van die kyker van meet af aan impliseer), kan films as analitiese gereedskap aangewend word om ideologie te teoretiseer. Žižek se appèl is voorts die dink met film en nie die dink oor film nie, as verantwoordbare wyse om teorie as sodanig in die moderne kapitalistiese wêreld te beoefen.
Drie wyses van Umwerthung: Op weg na 'n vertolking van Nietzsche se herwaardering-voorstel
Authors: Botha C
Published: April 2017

In hierdie artikel ontwikkel ek 'n vertolking van Nietzsche se veelbesproke voorstel aangaande 'n herwaardering van alle waardes (Umwerthung aller Werthe). Ek stel 'n manier voor waarop Nietzsche se herwaardering-voorstel vertolk kan word na afloop van 'n kritiese bespreking van Thomas Brobjer (1996) se invloedryke werk. Daarna ondersoek ek die bydrae van Edgar E. Sleinis (1994), Nadeem J. D. Hussain (2009) en Manuel Dries (2010) binne die konteks van 'n verdere ontwikkeling van my eie interpretasie.
Influence of fire-ignition methods and stove ventilation rates on gaseous and particle emissions from residential coal braziers
Authors: Makonese Tafadzwa , Masekameni Daniel M. , Annegarn Harold J. , Forbes Patricia B.C.
Published: April 2017

Despite extensive electrification of low-income residential areas on the South African Highveld, extensive use is still made of wood and coal as domestic fuels, particularly for winter space heating. In informal settlements characterised by poverty and lacking electrification, coal is combusted in non-standardised, inefficient and polluting metal braziers, colloquially known as imbaulas. Copious emissions from domestic coal fires result in elevated household and ambient air pollution levels well above national air quality limits. Despite the severity of this pollution as a public health issue, emissions data from residential coal-burning braziers are still scarce. Consequently, there is a need to evaluate the emission characteristics of these devices. In this paper, we report on controlled combustion experiments carried out to investigate systematically influences of fire-ignition methods and stove ventilation rates on gaseous and condensed matter (smoke) emissions from informal residential coal combustion braziers. Two methods of stove ignition—conventional bottom-lit updraft (BLUD) and the top-lit updraft (TLUD) (colloquially known as the Basa njengo Magogo) were investigated. Emission factors (EFs) were found to be dependent on fire ignition method and stove ventilation rates. The top-lit ignition method reduces PM10/PM2.5 by 76% to 80% compared to the BLUD method. Carbon monoxide emissions do not change significantly with the ignition method. Pollutant emissions from normal combustion in high ventilation conditions were low compared to pollutants emitted when an oxygen deficient atmosphere was created under low ventilation conditions. High stove ventilation rates resulted in a 50% reduction in PM10/PM2.5 emissions compared to the low ventilation rates. Emissions of gaseous and particulate matter from incomplete combustion can be minimised by design optimisation of the braziers. Ideally, the emissions of condensed matter particles (which form the bulk of emitted particles in residential coal fires) can be reduced through good mixing of emitted gases and air, and by ensuring a long residence time in the high temperature oxygen rich post combustion zone, to allow for complete oxidation. This study is significant in that it presents the first systematic and comprehensive study of factors affecting emissions from coal braziers.
Selection of the best location for solar plants in Turkey
Authors: Sozen Adnan , Mirzapour Amin , Çakir M. Tarik
Published: April 2017

The unique properties of solar energy have led to increasing demands in various countries. In order to use solar energy effectively, environmental and geographical circumstances related to solar intensity must be considered. Different factors may affect the selection of suitable locations for solar plants. These factors must be considered concurrently for optimum location identification. This article presents an approach for the location of solar plants by data envelopment analysis (DEA). Efficiency scores over a twelve month period were evaluated by using a modified similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. This approach was applied to 30 different cities in different regions of Turkey.
Improving voltage profile of load bus of wind generation system using DSTATCOM
Authors: Aggarwal Manju , Singh Madhusudan , Gupta S.K.
Published: April 2017

In a low voltage distribution system with integrated wind plant, voltage stability is impacted by the large variation of load and wind penetration. The compensators like SVC and DSTATCOM are currently being used to address such issue of voltage instability. This paper analyses the impact of wind penetration and variation of active and reactive power of the load on voltage profile of a wind generation system with and without DSTATCOM. It also analyses the performance of the system during fault by calculating various parameters of the system. It has been demonstrated that voltage stability margin increases using DSTATCOM at different wind penetration levels. This system has been simulated and analysed in MATLAB 2011b using a power system toolbox under steady state and transient conditions.
Bibliometric Evaluation of Research Performance: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Giovanni Abramo
Published: April 2017

This work provides a critical examination of the most popular bibliometric indicators and methodologies to assess the research performance of individuals and institutions. The aim is to raise the fog and make practitioners more aware of the inherent risks in do-it-myself practices, or cozy out-of-the-shelf solutions to the difficult question of how to evaluate research. The manuscript also proposes what we believe is the correct approach to bibliometric evaluation of research performance.
Assessment and comparison of 3 mortality prediction models SAPS II, APACHE II and SOFA for prediction of mortality in patients of sepsis
Authors: Sharma Shruti , Gupta Abhishek , Virmani Sunil Kumar , Lal Ritesh
Published: April 2017

Background: Little is known about outcomes of patients admitted to the ICU with severe sepsis and septic shock, despite the seriousness of sepsis as a public health problem in developing countries. Understanding sepsis outcome studies is hampered by lack of an agreed severity of illness scoring system for sepsis patients. The objective of the present study is to assess and compare the validity of 3 mortality prediction models SAPS 2, APACHE II and SOFA for prediction of mortality in patients of sepsis.Methods: One hundred patients of Sepsis were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Informed consent was taken from the patients or their relatives A careful and detailed history was recorded to assess the onset and duration of clinical events and the probable risk factors for the same; a detailed general physical examination was performed. Blood sampling for CBC, RFT, LFT and arterial blood gas analysis was done. SAPS 2, APACHE II and SOFA scores were calculated on the day of admission.Results: The ROC analysis shows that the best discrimination was provided by SAPS 2 score (AUROC=0.981), followed by APACHE II (AUROC=0.978) and SOFA (AUROC=0.911).Conclusions: SAPS 2 score was superior to the APACHE II and SOFA scores for predicting survival in patients with septic shock but a combination of factors must be taken in consideration to estimate the prognosis in the ICU.
Indigenous Research and Academic Freedom: A View from Political Scientists
Authors: Alcantara Christopher , Lalonde Dianne , Wilson Gary N.
Published: April 2017

Over the last several decades, scholars working on Indigenous topics have faced increasing pressure to engage in research that promotes social justice and results in formal partnerships with Indigenous communities. In this article, we argue that non-community-based research, in which the researcher exercises academic autonomy over the project, still has a role to play in Indigenous-focused research, depending on the research question, topic, and situation at hand. We explore this argument from the perspective of political scientists who study Indigenous–settler political relations in Canada.
Bioeconomy as a Complex Adaptive System of Sustainable Development
Authors: Maciejczak Mariusz
Published: April 2017

The bioeconomy is widely understood as an economic system that combines in a synergic way both natural resources and technologies, together with markets, people and policies. There are established links between old industries traditionally based on natural resources and new ones those previously had no direct relations. As a result, one industry utilizes the by-products of another very often closing the loop of circularity. The paper describes this system in a dynamic perspective, as a complex adaptive system. Complexity results from the inter-relationship and inter-action of system’s elements and between a system and its environment. Based on the empirical evidences from the European Union it is argued that bioeconomy as a platform networking several branches of economy could adapt to the changes that take place in the environment.
M-Commerce and Mobile Apps: Opportunities for SMEs in Developing Countries
Authors: Khaskheli Asadullah , Jun Yun , Ahmed Bhuiyan Miraj
Published: April 2017

From Uber to Airbnb mobile apps are changing the ways business is done and opening numerous new avenues for business and creating new markets. Technology has made asset sharing a reality, leading to efficient utilization of resources at costs much lower than were thought possible. Markets are becoming more interconnected and communication is vitally ingrained in our business transactions. The current research paper is a review of current concepts in M-commerce and Mobile Applications. In the paper M-commerce is defined as a part of e-commerce. The conclusion suggests that M-commerce depends significantly on e-commerce technologies. Technology adoption is becoming more affordable as well as a necessity to survive in today’s ultra-competitive business environment. Only brick and mortar or businesses without presence on the internet would be at a big disadvantage and may even close down sooner than later. Flexibility characteristic of SME business makes it easier to make a decision on a large scale, such as new technology adoption, modifying or even revamping an existing business process to meet market demands and avail existing or potential opportunities. M-Commerce, therefore, holds great benefits for SMEs to grow their revenues greatly by being available at the fingertips of millions of potential buyers around the world.
Study of green marketing principles and their implementation in the selected Slovak companies
Authors: Krizanova Anna , Gajanova Lubica , Nadanyiova Margareta , Kramarova Katarina
Published: April 2017

The green marketing includes more than just a simple building of corporate image. It becomes a modern mean of the enforcement of actual environmental trends to a broad spectrum of business activities. The field of action of green marketing tools is relatively extensive, starting with the protection of environment, production and sale of products and services with ecological conditions and requirements, through the final consumption of environmentally friendly products, which affects the quality of life and health of the whole society. The paper in brief presents the results of the marketing survey that was focused on finding how chosen Slovak companies applied principles of green marketing and used green marketing tools within their business activities, if ever. Nowadays, concepts such as green marketing, green business and ecological product appear more frequently particularly with regard to communication of companies. For these reasons, the aim of the survey was to determine the extent to which the principles of green marketing are implemented in selected business entities in the Slovak Republic.

 

Keywords: Green marketing, environmental management system, tools of green communication mix, advertising, public relation;
UMA LEITURA DA PRODUÇÃO DE ESTATÍSTICAS DE HOMICÍDIOS EM SALVADOR
Authors: Ferreira Poliana da Silva
Published: April 2017

A pesquisa descreve e analisa a produção de estatísticas de homicídios em Salvador, de 2011 a 2013, as quais compreendem desde o momento em que um corpo é encontrado até sua posterior incorporação como dado estatístico, passando pela fase de registro inicial à comunicação oficial ao Secretário de Segurança Pública. Vale-se, metodologicamente, de entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação de locais e práticas e análise da legislação que estrutura a produção estatística. Os resultados obtidos apontam para uma importante produção de números, porém, esses não têm permitido leituras claras, que possibilitem à própria Secretaria, reduzir, por meio de políticas públicas, as taxas de homicídios que atingem uma população específica: negros, jovens e moradoresde áreas densamente habitadas.
O PAPEL DA RATIO DECIDENDI NA CONSTRUÇÃO DE SÚMULAS VINCULANTES PELO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL: um estudo de caso sobre argumentação e vinculação de precedentes
Authors: Dos Santos Maike Wile
Published: April 2017

Este artigo investiga o papel da ratio decidendi na construção da súmula vinculante nº 33, editada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. Para isso, analisei as decisões elencadas como “reiteradas decisões sobre matéria constitucional” e as decisões citadas nesses julgados, além da proposta de súmula e dos debates de aprovação de seu enunciado. Meu objetivo foi investigar se a Corte se adequou ao requisito “reiteradas decisões”. Como resultado, concluí que a súmula vinculante nº 33 foi aprovada desrespeitando-se esse requisito, ainda que tenha havido preocupação por parte dos ministros, nos debates de aprovação, quanto a isso.
ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE A DECISÃO JUDICIAL QUE PROIBIU O PAGAMENTO DE SALÁRIO POR PRODUÇÃO NA INDÚSTRIA DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR DO INTERIOR PAULISTA
Authors: De Castro Janaína Vieira , Pasqualeto Olívia de Quintana Figueiredo
Published: April 2017

Apesar do avanço da mecanização, a indústria da cana-de-açúcar ainda se vale do trabalho humano para realizar tarefas no campo. Em regra, são trabalhadores que recebem remuneração proporcional à quantidade de cana cortada. Essa modalidade de pagamento estimula o aumento da jornada e do ritmo de trabalho, pois quanto maior a quantidade de cana colhida, maior a remuneração auferida pelo cortador, desencadeando a prática de um esforço desumano na busca de ganhos salariais mais compensadores. O excesso de trabalho decorrente desse modo de aferição de salário vem provocando acidentes, doenças e até a morte de muitos trabalhadores. Considerando este contexto, o Ministério Público do Trabalho (MPT) ajuizou Ação Civil Pública (ACP) em face da Usina Santa Fé S.A., na qual requeria que a ré fosse proibida de remunerar seus empregados por produção, pois tal modalidade de pagamento coloca em risco a saúde e a vida do trabalhador. A ACP foi julgada procedente, figurando como o primeiro caso em que uma usina foi impedida de remunerar seus empregados por produção. O caso evidenciou a possibilidade de extinção do salário por produção, desbravando caminhos para o ajuizamento de ações semelhantes. Dado o seu pioneirismo, esta decisão judicial será base do estudo de caso desenvolvido neste trabalho, cujo objetivo é analisar quais foram as implicações advindas da referida decisão. Para tanto, tomando como base a doutrina especializada, analisaram-se as peças processuais do referido processo judicial e entrevistou-se o Procurador que ajuizou a ACP e o Magistrado que proferiu a sentença estudada.
American Orthopaedic Surgeons in World War I
Authors: Green David P. , DeLee Jesse C.
Published: April 2017

On April 6, 1917, the United States declared war on Germany and entered what was then called the Great War. Among the first officers sent to Europe were 21 orthopaedic surgeons in the so-called First Goldthwait Unit. Prior to the war, orthopaedics had been a nonoperative “strap-and-buckle” specialty that dealt primarily with infections, congenital abnormalities, and posttraumatic deformity. The Great War changed all of that forever, creating a new surgical specialty with emphasis on acute treatment, prevention of deformity, restoration of function, and rehabilitation.
Metal Artifact Reduction Sequence MRI Abnormalities in Asymptomatic Patients with a Ceramic-on-Polyethylene Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Jennings Jason M. , Martin J. Ryan , Kim Raymond H. , Yang Charlie C. , Miner Todd M. , Dennis Douglas A.
Published: April 2017

Background:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a commonly utilized screening modality in patients with a metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip replacement. The prevalence of clinically important fluid collections may be overestimated since these collections have been reported to occur in asymptomatic patients with MoM and other bearing surfaces. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and types of MRI-documented adverse local tissue reactions in asymptomatic patients with a ceramic-on-polyethylene (CoP) total hip replacement.

Methods:

Forty-four patients (50 hips) with a minimum 2-year follow-up after total hip arthroplasty with CoP implants and a Harris hip score of >90 were enrolled in this study. The inclusion criteria were the absence of hip pain and the availability of appropriate follow-up radiographs. All patients underwent a metal artifact reduction sequence (MARS) MRI scan to determine the presence of fluid collections in asymptomatic patients with a CoP bearing surface.

Results:

Fluid collections were observed in 9 (18%) of 50 asymptomatic hips in this cohort. There were 5 hips with intracapsular synovitis, and 2 of these hips had a thickened synovium. Extra-articular fluid collections with direct intracapsular communication were identified in 4 additional hips. Two of these hips had a thickened synovium. No signs of osteolysis or evidence of adverse local tissue reactions were noted on radiographs at the most recent follow-up.

Conclusions:

This study revealed that fluid collections are not uncommon after total hip arthroplasty with CoP implants. Synovial thickening may be present and is more prevalent than has been reported in previous studies involving metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) bearing surfaces. The clinical importance and natural history of these findings remain unknown.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Management of ACL Injuries in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Fabricant Peter D. , Kocher Mininder S.
Published: April 2017

➤ Children and adolescent athletes constitute the largest demographic of patients who sustain anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, and the frequency is increasing.

➤ In ACL-deficient children and adolescents, continued symptoms of instability can result in progressive meniscal and cartilage damage as well as arthritic changes.

➤ Growth disturbance can occur after ACL surgery in children, and includes tibial recurvatum due to tibial tubercle apophyseal arrest as well as limb-length discrepancy and/or angular deformity due to physeal arrest or overgrowth.

➤ Several “physeal sparing” and “physeal respecting” ACL reconstruction techniques have been developed for use in skeletally immature patients to minimize the risk of growth disturbance, with favorable clinical outcomes.

➤ ACL injury prevention strategies include neuromuscular conditioning and may be performed to prevent both initial ACL injury as well as reinjury and injury of the contralateral ACL after reconstruction.
Team Approach: Degenerative Spinal Deformity
Authors: Berven Sigurd , Jain Deeptee , O’Neill Conor , Selinger Amy , Mummaneni Praveen
Published: April 2017

➢ Degenerative spinal deformity is common and affects a large percentage of the aging population. The burden of degenerative spinal deformity is high when measured on the basis of prevalence, impact, and cost of care.

➢ A broad spectrum of specialists treat degenerative spinal deformities with use of both nonoperative and operative approaches to care. Treatment is characterized by substantial variability between and within specialties. Optimal care maximizes clinical benefit while limiting risks and costs.

➢ This review describes the case of a 68-year-old woman with symptomatic degenerative scoliosis and presents perspectives on management from specialists in physical therapy, pain management, neurosurgery, and orthopaedic surgery.

➢ The approaches to care presented here encompass a spectrum of risks, costs, and expected outcomes. Each specialist presents a perspective that is appropriate and reasonable, with its expected risks and benefits.

➢ The best approach is one that is not monolithic; collaboration between providers from multiple disciplines permits an approach to care that is responsive to the values and preferences of the individual patient.

➢ Clinical research, including prospective multidisciplinary comparative studies, is important for guiding an evidence-based approach to specific clinical scenarios and for developing a consensus regarding appropriate management strategies.
Guest Editorial: Lower for Longer: Lean Forever
Authors: Knode Tom , Fuchs Jeff
Published: April 2017

Guest editorial

Lean Thinking is a generic version of the Toyota Production System, which was cobbled together just after World War II. The system was how a resource-poor Toyota, staggering with broken processes and a low-skilled workforce, scrabbled through the harsh post-war economy to become one of the most successful and highly respected enterprises of the 20th century. The 1996 book, Lean Thinking, introduced lean to mainstream business. Since then, lean has propelled operational excellence in construction, software development, healthcare, financial services, state government, and more.

Lean Thinking is a philosophy that engages everyone in systematically solving problems. However, like “eat right, exercise regularly, get plenty of sleep,” lean is a simple concept difficult to live daily. Companies typically struggle through distinct levels of understanding and application of lean. Beginners dabble with lean tools in superficial ways that yield slim results. More developed users imbed lean more broadly across value streams and deeper into business systems to get greater returns. Advanced lean thinkers go much further and get dramatic results by building lean into their culture. Like safety, lean for them is not another project to be implemented; lean thinking is part of how they do everything.

Oil and gas companies have begun to use lean tools in isolated processes aiming to increase business efficiency. There have been measurable benefits in improved drilling times and reducing the cost of bringing a well into production. But what are the benefits beyond drilling and completions, and applying lean across the extended value stream?

Put another way, think about your corner McDonald’s: It fixes some glaring problems at their moneymaker, the drive-through window. But how competitive is it if the orders are incorrect, the assembly is sloppy, and it cannot get ingredients to the right place at the right time? Oil and gas is still in the lean tools era: Lean tools used in the business’ most manufacturing-like processes. A windfall of returns await those who can expand their scope of application and depth of understanding.

Lean Across the Value Stream and the Enterprise

There is clearly business benefit to drilling and completing a well faster. If a land well costs USD 10 million and if you can drill and complete 20% faster (without sacrificing safety or environmental performance), the company could complete five wells for the cost of four. But what about the rest of the value stream and the rest of the cycle? We recognize the many variables in prospect development time: The nature of the well, wildcat vs. infield drilling, onshore vs. deep water, unique company practices, and more. Nevertheless, we can point to the huge potential that makes this worth considering.