bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design Gráfico e a Cultura Brasileira das HQS presentes nos quadrinhos mineiros
Authors: Meire Soares Raslan Eliane
Published: May 2020

O Projeto de Pesquisa realizado através do NIQ – Núcleo de Ilustrações e Quadrinhos, pelo Centro de Estudos em Design da Imagem da UEMG – UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS, tem a pretensão de incentivar alunos da Escola Municipal Secretário Humberto de Almeida em Belo Horizonte-Minas Gerais-Brasil a comunicar a cultura brasileira, em especial às raízes culturais da Capital mineira, através de levantamento e análise de material em quadrinhos na Internet. O objetivo principal é inserir e incentivar esses alunos do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental na pesquisa científica, utilizar de meios que os faça terem interesse por pesquisa. A História em Quadrinho (HQ) como mediadora na transmissão da mensagem entre pesquisadores, professores e alunos do Ensino Fundamental e do Ensino Superior. A internet passa a ser o meio potencial para realização da análise de imagens e de conteúdos textuais existentes nessas Revistas em Quadrinhos. Ao despertarmos suas curiosidades, pensamos em fazê-lo refletir sobre o assunto, buscamos colocar em questão: como abordar a cultura brasileira através dos quadrinhos existentes na Internet? Verificamos que estimula, impulsiona e fortalece o aluno do Ensino Fundamental ao conhecimento e aprendizado cultural, além de mostrar caminhos mais confiáveis para a informação através da internet. O estudo mostra que existe contexto socio-cultural presente nas HQs e que servem de estímulo para jovens estudantes na iniciação cientifica.
25 años de elección popular de alcaldes en Colombia: avances y retrocesos
Authors: Martínez Cárdenas Edgar Enrique , Ramírez Mora Juan Manuel
Published: May 2020

Esta ponencia presenta un avance parcial de la investigación sobre la democracia en los municipios colombianos desde la adopción de la elección popular de los alcaldes. A partir de una conceptualización básica y operacional de la democracia se determinan sus principales dimensiones y se presentan los resultados obtenidos para algunas variables significativas que se han procesado, aplicando técnicas de análisis multivariado. El objetivo final (aún en elaboración) es generar un índice de calidad democrática que permita comparar y explicar los avances y retrocesos de la democracia en los muy diversos municipios colombianos.
El problema “de nacionalizaciόn” de la élite política como una comprobaciόn de la teoría de “los mejores” de J. Ortega y Gasset
Authors: Boyko Sergey
Published: May 2020

Sobre la base de la teoría de “los mejores” de J. Ortega y Gasset el autor trató de investigar el papel de los estratos superiores de la sociedad, de la élite nacional en la modernización del régimen político en los principios de la democracia y la poliarquía. Fue revelado el papel en los procesos del gobierno y la administración del poder político y ejecutivo del aparato estatal, que consiste en los funcionarios públicos, profesional y moralmente preparados y capaces asegurar el funcionamiento sostenible y soberano de las instituciones del Estado. En Rusia en el inicio del 2012 se comenzón las actividades socio-políticas llamadas en la ciencia política como la tecnología “de nacionalizaciόn” de las élites. Se produce una armonización de los intereses de los grupos políticos y empresariales de alto nivel social con los intereses del Estado y la sociedad civil. Fue realizado el análisis comparativo del impacto de las élites políticas de España y Rusia sobre la estabilidad política para garantizar el desarrollo socio-económico soberano de sus países. En la soberanía del Estado se refleja la plenitud de la autoridad governamental de los grupos sociales más altos, la élite nacional. Por separado se destacó la función de la élite político-militar como un aparato coercitivo legítimo, que asegura el bienestar del Estado democrático. Los modelos actuales de los regímenes políticos democráticos – no es una meta, sino un instrumento para lograr el bienestar del Estado y nación. Los acontecimientos en Rusia contemporánea comproban la actualidad científica de las obras del gran pensador J.Ortega y Gasset.
ЕЛЕКТРОННИЙ РЕСУРС «ВИДАТНІ ПЕДАГОГИ УКРАЇНИ ТА СВІТУ» Й ОНЛАЙН-ПРОЄКТ «МИ СТОЇМО НА ПЛЕЧАХ НАШИХ ПОПЕРЕДНИКІВ: ВИДАТНІ ПЕДАГОГИ-ЮВІЛЯРИ»
Authors: Berezivska Larysa , Derevyanko Tetyana
Published: May 2020

У статті розкрито зміст і роль створеного Державною науково-педагогічною бібліотекою України імені В.О. Сухомлинського електронного інформаційно-бібліографічного ресурсу «Видатні педагоги України та світу» для розвитку й поширення педагогічного біографічного знання в Україні. Зазначено, що нині постійно поповнюваний електронний ресурс містить відомості про 56 відомих вітчизняних та зарубіжних педагогів, освітніх діячів різних історичних періодів. Аргументовано, що електронний інформаційно-бібліографічний ресурс «Видатні педагоги України та світу» дає змогу крізь призму біографій знаних педагогічних персоналій системно простежувати розвиток української та зарубіжної освіти, педагогічної думки як у макроісторичних, так і в мікроісторичних вимірах. Презентовано онлайн-проєкт «Ми стоїмо на плечах наших попередників: Видатні педагоги-ювіляри», розроблений відділом педагогічного джерелознавства та біографістики ДНПБ України імені В.О. Сухомлинського на базі цього електронного ресурсу. Висвітлено його зміст і значення для широкого кола користувачів бібліотеки, зокрема освітян та науковців. Окреслено подальші напрями розвитку онлайн-проєкту.
Outcome of Hodgkin's Disease in Children with Chemotherapy alone in a Resource Limited Country
Authors: Rahman ATM Atikur , Yasmin Farida , Begum Momena , Ahammed Tanvir , Islam Afiqul
Published: May 2020

Background: Treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma involves both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. But radiotherapy in children is associated with risk of development of long-term complications like the development of second malignancy. Novel therapeutic strategies with combination chemotherapy without radiotherapy are being used to reduce such complications while maintaining the optimum response. Objective: To investigate the outcome of treatment of Hodgkin's Lymphoma with combination chemotherapy ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) alone.  Patients and methods: A quasi-experimental open label clinical study was done on 48 children with Hodgkin's lymphoma in the Paediatric Haemato-Oncology department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) with eight cycle ABVD regime on an outpatient basis over a period of 8 months to see the outcome of treatment. Results: The mean age of the patients was 10.3 years (range 3-16). There were 42 males and 6 females. Mixed cellularity cHL was the commonest histological subtype observed 20/48 (42%) patients. Forty-two (88%) patients achieved complete response (CR), 5 (10%) had partial response (PR) and one patient did not respond at all. Fifteen patients (31%) are known to be dead and the rest are alive and tumour free. Median EFS and OS were not achieved. The EFS and OS at 5 years were 63% and 67% respectively. Conclusion: ABVD combination should be regarded at the present moment as the simplest and most effective drug therapy for treating childhood Hodgkin's disease.
Treatment Outcome of Newly Diagnosed Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia by All-Trans Retinoic Acid followed by Arsenic Tri-Oxide
Authors: Islam AKM Mynul , Rahman Md. Mahabubur , Ara Tasneem , Biswas Akhil Ranjon , Chowdhury Zulfia Zinat , Haque Salina , Siddika Syeda Subrina , Aziz Ahmad Monzurul , Al Anis Mohammad Abdullah , Ali Mohammad , Afrose Salma
Published: May 2020

Background: Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) is curable with carefully selected treatment protocol. Reduction of early fatal haemorrhage in initial phase of induction with cost effective combination of chemotherapeutic agents is considered to be the main challenge for successful outcome in APL. Objective: The study was conducted to see the effectiveness of the use of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) followed by single agent Arsenic tri oxide (ATO) in the induction phase of the management of APL. Methodology: This is an observational study and was conducted from October 2012 to September 2013, in department of Haematology and BMT of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Total 17 patients with PML/RARA positive APL were enrolled and all patients were treated with sequential use of ATRA in a dose of 45mg/m2 for initial 2-3 weeks up to differentiation and then ATO in a dose of 0.15mg/kg daily was used in induction up to 60 days after taking informed written consent. Outcome was drawn after consolidation of therapy. Results: The morphologic complete remission rate was 88.2%. Remission failure was in observed in 2 cases (11.8%) that died at day 12 and day 51 due to differentiation syndrome and arrhythmia respectively. No death observed within first 10 days of treatment initiation. Complications observed during management were weight gain (11, 64.7%), hyper leucocytosis (10, 58.8%), ATRA syndrome (9, 52.9%), headache (6, 35.3%), tachycardia (5, 29.4%), hypomagnesaemia (3, 17.7%) and supra ventricular tachycardia (1, 5.8%).  Conclusion: Initial use of ATRA up to differentiation of promyelocytes before use of single agent ATO induction and consolidation can be a cost-effective alternative against newly diagnosed APL in reduction of early haemorrhagic death.
Pattern of Enteropathogens during Diarrhoeal Episode in Children with Haematological Malignancy
Authors: Begum Ferdousi , Haque Rashidul , Rahman ATM Atikur , Yasmin Farida , Jamal Chowdhury Yakub , Islam Afiqul
Published: May 2020

Background: Haematological malignancies comprise 82% of all malignancies in children at the department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh; Gastro-intestinal infections were the leading causes of infection in paediatric oncology patients. Objectives: This study was conducted to see the type of enteropathogens in stool samples during diarrhoeal episode in children with haematological malignancy. Methods: This observational study was conducted from April 2012 through March 2013 at BSMMU, Bangladesh. A total of 58 diarrhoeal   episodes experienced by 51 children   of various types of haematological malignancies were included in the study. Faecal samples from   studied children   were sent   to Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), laboratory to do aerobic culture for common bacteria; Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) for Clostridium difficile and multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for parasitic infection. Results: Among the total 58 diarrhoeal episodes, potential pathogenic bacteria were isolated from only 5.17% sample. Faecal samples from 22.41% episodes were found positive for GDH antigen for Clostridium difficile; none of the focal samples   were positive for toxin A and/ or B.  Several different parasites were identified from 70.37%   samples and most frequently identified protozoa was Giardia lamblia in 68.52%. Conclusion: The study found 22.41% colonization rate with Clostridium difficile but none was toxigenic. Parasitic infections were seen more frequently in children with haematological malignancy. The study also found significant association of severe neutropenia with GDH positive diarrhoeal episodes.
Pancytopenia: A Challenging Problem for Treating Physician
Authors: Chowdhury Md. Rezaul Karim , Begum Amina , Rashid Md. Haroon Ur , Hasan Md. Kamrul
Published: May 2020

Pancytopenia is an important clinico-haematological entity and striking feature of many serious and life-threatening illnesses. Many haematological and non-haematological diseases involve the bone marrow primarily or secondarily and cause pancytopenia. Decrease in haemopoietic cell production, ineffective haemopoiesis and peripheral sequestration or destruction of the cells are the main pathophysiology of pancytopenia. The cause of pancytopenia thus may be lying in the bone marrow or in the periphery or both. Careful history, physical examination, simple blood work, review of the peripheral blood smear, sometimes bone marrow examination and trephine biopsy are required for diagnosis. Treatment and prognosis depend on the severity of pancytopenia and underlying pathology.
A Rare Case of Congenital Methemoglobinemia with secondary polycythemia- Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ara Tasneem , Haque Qazi Smita , Afrose Salma
Published: May 2020

Congenital heart diseases are common cause of congenital cyanosis with polycythaemia. Congenital methemoglobinemia is a rare cause of lifelong cyanosis with polycythemia. Congenital methemoglobinemia is caused either by enzyme deficiency or by an abnormal Hb (Hb M). Asymptomatic despite presence of severe cyanosis indicates this rare disorder. We are reporting a rare case of polycythemia with cyanosis due to congenital methemoglobinemia. The patient was referred to our centre and attended Hematology OPD (out-patient department) when his routine CBC revealed erythrocytosis. At that time, we found him severely cyanosed especially apparent on lips, tongue, hands and feet. He was diagnosed as a case of congenital methemoglobinemia with 38% blood methemoglobin level (normal value-0.00-2.00%). On view of life long persistent cyanosis, without any cardiopulmonary and neurological abnormality, consanguinity of parent’s marriage, dark colored blood with high methemoglobin level, a final diagnosis of Type I enzyme deficiency congenital methemoglobinemia was made. He was treated with oral ascorbic acid 250 mg twice daily. At follow up after 6 months his skin color improved and RBC count returned to normal. We are reporting this case of congenital methemoglobinemia for the first time in Bangladesh to emphasize the importance of this rare entity in the differential diagnosis of asymptomatic cyanosis with polycythemia.
Thinking and Working Politically: Lessons from Diverse and Inclusive Applied Political Economy Analysis
Authors: McGregor Lisa , Frazer Sarah , Brinkerhoff Derick
Published: May 2020

Political economy analysis (PEA) has emerged as a valuable approach for assessing context and the local systems where international development actors seek to intervene. PEA approaches and tools have grown and adapted over the last 40 years through innovations by donor agencies and practitioners. Our analysis of nine PEAs reveals the following findings: PEAs can make positive contributions to technical interventions; engaging project staff in PEAs increases the likelihood that they will be open to a thinking and working politically mindset and approach; inclusion of gender equity and social inclusion (GESI) in PEAs helps to uncover and address hidden power dynamics; and explicitly connecting PEA findings to project implementation facilitates adaptive management. Implementation lessons learned include careful consideration of logistics, timing, and team members. Our experience and research suggest applied PEAs provide valuable evidence for strengthening evidence-based, adaptive, international development programming. The findings highlight the promise of PEA as well as the need for ongoing learning and research to address continued challenges.
Sexualidade e Gênero na atual BNCC: possibilidades e limites
Authors: Monteiro Solange Aparecida de Souza , Ribeiro Paulo Rennes Marçal
Published: May 2020

O debate acerca de questões envolvendo Gênero e Sexualidade vem ganhando força e, sobretudo, atenção em diferentes espaços e círculos sociais. Esses questionamentos conjugam-se com a luta pelos direitos humanos, pela democracia e, também, pela educação consciente. É sobre este último aspecto que o presente artigo visa discutir, afinal sabe-se de grandes feitos conquistados sobre a rubrica dos temas supracitados e, a partir disso, surge o seguinte questionamento: a expansão dos movimentos feministas e das discussões de Gênero e Sexualidade tem fornecido impactos relevantes para a educação? Para responder essa pergunta, optou-se por avaliar o atual documento normativo da Educação Básica, a Base Nacional Comum Curricular – BNCC, conjecturando analisar se há progresso ou declínio no tratamento de questões envolvendo Gênero e Sexualidade.
 
Palavras-chave: BNCC. Gênero. Sexualidade. Educação sexual.
Comparing rural and regional migration patterns of Australian medical general practitioners with other professions: implications for rural workforce strategies
Authors: Carson Dean , Punshon Katherine , McGrail Matthew , Kippen Rebecca
Published: May 2020

Background: The shortage of professional workers in rural and regional Australia continues as a major policy challenge. There has been substantially more strategy investment for the medical general practitioner (GP) profession than for other professions, particularly at the start of their careers.
Aims: To examine differences between domestic migration patterns of GPs and other professionals to rural and regional zones in Australia for younger, mid-life and older workers.
Data and methods: Data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2011 Census were used to examine five-year migration rates for professionals in five ABS occupational classifications: generalist medical practitioners (GPs); engineering professionals; legal professionals; education professionals; and other health professionals. Migration volumes were benchmarked for GPs and compared both for other professions and career stage.
Results: GPs were less likely than other professionals to migrate from major urban to rural zones, regional to rural zones, or rural to regional zones. Younger GPs had the highest rural migration rates, while mid-life and older GPs were least likely to migrate to rural and regional zones. In contrast, increasingly age was associated positively with migration to rural zones for those in the other four professions.
Conclusions: Despite concerted policy efforts to encourage more GPs to move to rural areas, overall rural migration rates for GPs are lower than for other professionals, especially for older workers. Further investigation of the links between GP migration patterns and workforce policies needs to be undertaken to inform the application or otherwise of workforce strategies used by other professions.
Urban, suburban and rural household density trends
Authors: Lieske Scott
Published: May 2020

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Introducing Australian Population Studies
Authors: Wilson Tom , Charles-Edwards Elin , Corcoran Jonathan
Published: May 2020

Editorial
International migration and employment growth in Australia, 2011–2016
Authors: McDonald Peter
Published: May 2020

Background: Immigration to Australia pre 1995 was largely low skilled. Recessions led to competition between low-skilled domestic workers and new immigrants and subsequent cuts in migration intakes. Historical changes in birth rates, increased participation in tertiary education, increasing numbers retiring and the relatively rapid restructuring of the skill level of labour demand combined to produce a skilled labour supply crisis in Australia from the mid-1990s. The permanent and temporary skilled migration policies established by the Australian Government from 1995 played an important role in meeting that labour demand, especially in the boom years of the first decade of the 21st century.
Aims: This paper examines the impact of immigration on employment in Australia subsequent to the global financial crisis (GFC) for the five-year period from July 2011 to July 2016.
Data and methods: Data for the paper are sourced from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The paper uses survival methods to decompose the growth in employment in Australia in the five-year period from 2011 to 2016: (1) change in age and sex distribution in the absence of migration; (2) changes in employment participation rates by age and sex; (3) net migration by age and sex.
Results: Immigration in response to strong labour demand has continued post GFC. From July 2011 to July 2016, employment in Australia increased by 738,800. Immigrants accounted for 613,400 of the total increase, population growth 98,900 and changes in employment participation only 26,500. Migration has had a very large effect on the age structure of employment with most new immigrant workers (595,300) being under 55 years.
Conclusions: Research indicates that immigration provides major benefits to the Australian economy. However, as strong labour demand is likely to sustain migration at relatively high levels in coming years, it is incumbent upon governments to plan for the effects of rapid population growth on infrastructure and resources.
Elsewhere in Australia: a snapshot of temporary mobility on the night of the 2016 Census
Authors: Charles-Edwards Elin , Panczak Radoslaw
Published: May 2020

Background  Temporary population mobility, moves of more than one night’s duration that do not entail a change in usual residence, are an important feature of the Australian population surface. The ABS Census of Population and Housing (Census) provides a snapshot of temporary movements one night every five years. Aims  This paper examines the intensity, age and spatial patterns of temporary movements captured at the 2016 Census, and creates a classification of regions based on the age profile of movers on Census nights. Data and methods  2016 Census data were extracted using ABS TableBuilder Pro. Summary metrics were calculated to measure the intensity and age profile of movements. Origin–destination flows were derived from a cross-classification of data on Place of Usual Residence and Place of Enumeration. A classification of regions (SA4s) was constructed from the age profile of movers at origins and at destinations. Results  1,142,005 individuals (about 5 per cent of the Australian population) were enumerated away from home on Census night 2016. Mobility peaked in younger (20–30) and older (65–70) age groups. Most movements were between capital city regions; however, resource regions and coastal areas were also implicated. The mobility surface was segmented by age: younger people dominated visits to cities and older movers comprise the majority of visitors to coastal areas, while remote areas had a significant proportion of visitors in the peak working ages. Conclusions  Temporary population mobility is selective by age and sex and geographically segmented by these characteristics. Improved understanding of the attribute of visitors to regions can assist to formulate and validate estimates of temporary populations from emerging data sets.
Estimates of Australia’s non-heterosexual population
Authors: Wilson Tom , Shalley Fiona
Published: May 2020

Background  Demographers have studied minority populations for many years, but relatively little attention has been paid to sexual minority groups. Population estimates for sexual minorities would be useful as denominators for a range of health and socioeconomic indicators, to monitor representation in employment, assist budget planning and inform the marketing of goods and services. Aim The aim of this paper is to present some approximate estimates of the non-heterosexual adult population of Australia in mid-2016 by sex, broad age group and state and territory. Data and methods  Data on sexual identity were sourced from three nationally representative surveys: the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey, the second Australian Study of Health and Relationships and the ABS General Social Survey. Use was made also of 2016 ABS Census of Population and Housing (Census) data and Estimated Resident Populations. Prevalence rates of the non-heterosexual population aged 18+ were averaged over the three surveys and multiplied by ERP to obtain national population estimates. Census data on same-sex couples were used to distribute the national estimates by state and territory. Results  Australia’s non-heterosexual population aged 18+ in 2016 is estimated to have been 592,000, representing about 3.2% of the adult population. New South Wales is home to the largest non-heterosexual population (about 204,000) and the Northern Territory the smallest (4,700), while the highest prevalence is in the Australian Capital Territory (5.1%). Conclusions  Australia’s non-heterosexual population is a relatively small population, but its prevalence varies considerably by age and sex and between states and territories. Estimates of this population should prove useful for monitoring health and wellbeing and for a variety of planning and policy purposes.
Australia should continue its current comprehensive population policy – at least for the next decade
Authors: McDonald Peter
Published: May 2020

Commentary
What sort of population policy should Australia adopt? Suggestions for migration, fertility and population research policy
Authors: Parr Nick
Published: May 2020

Commentary
How moving a box changed the religious landscape of Australia
Authors: Reimondos Anna , Gray Edith , Evans Ann
Published: May 2020

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Understanding the motivations for return migration in Australia
Authors: Parr Angélique
Published: May 2020

Background  Return migration is often overlooked by traditional analyses of internal migration. Why people return has received even less scrutiny. Relatively few migrants make a return move, so there is clearly something noteworthy about these people and their circumstances that trigger such a move.Aims  This paper explores why people make return moves in Australia. Data and methods  Migration histories were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews; content analysis of interview transcripts was undertaken.Results  People return for a wider range of reasons than is indicated by neoclassical economic theory. Some of the moves are linked to significant life events such as post-school education and employment. Returns also occur for less tangible factors such as amenity and climate, connections to family, friends and the extent to which a place “feels like home” are equally important.Conclusions  A broader explanatory framework is required to explain why people return. The integration of migrant stories into more traditional migration analyses enriches the story of internal migration.
Special working arrangements to allow for care responsibilities in Australia: availability, usage and barriers
Authors: Temple Jeromey , Dow Briony , Baird Marian
Published: May 2020

Background  Population ageing is projected to reduce labour force growth and aggregate labour force participation, whilst increasing demand for informal carers. Increasing the labour force participation of Australians who face barriers to employment (including carers) is part of the solution to labour market pressures occurring due to demographic change and may improve the financial wellbeing of carers. Aims  To examine the availability, usage and barriers to accessing Special Working Arrangements (SWA) to provide care while employed in Australia. Data and methods  The 2015 ABS Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers was used to measure the prevalence of the availability, usage and barriers to SWA to care stratified by carer status and gender. Results  About 94% of workers reported access to at least one type of SWA (n=25,094). Of this group, about 22% have used SWA to care in the last 6 months. The proportions using SWA to care were highest among primary carers (64%) followed by other carers (43%) and non-carers (19%). Of those who have used SWA, about 15% wanted to use additional SWA to care in the previous 6 months, but faced barriers in doing so, with higher proportions of primary carers (24.6%) and other carers (21.8%) reporting barriers. The main barriers faced by employed carers included insufficient paid leave and/or work commitments. Conclusions  A range of paid and unpaid arrangements are necessary for carers to combine paid work with their caregiving responsibilities. Labour market legislation and workplace policies should be strengthened to reduce barriers to take up of SWA.
An introduction to population projections for Australia
Authors: Wilson Tom
Published: May 2020

Background  Population projections for Australia are produced by many organisations. They differ in projected population numbers, methods used, level of output detail, temporal extent, frequency of revision, quality and purpose, and they are not always easy to find. Aims  This paper provides a brief guide to many of the population projections prepared for Australia in recent years. It gives an overview of projection methods and selected results, a brief commentary on key aspects of the projections, and shows readers where to find more data and information. Data and methods  Projections data were obtained from the various organisations producing projections. They are presented in order of spatial detail: national scale, States and Territories; large sub-state regions; and then local and small areas. Results  The ABS and State and Territory Governments are the main producers of population projections and forecasts in Australia, and generally these projections are good quality. They cover a wide variety of spatial scales from the national level to local areas, such as SA2s. A great deal of projections data and information is now freely available online. Conclusions  Population projections and forecasts can be very useful data for a wide variety of planning, policy and research purposes. But it is important to be aware of their limitations.
Australia’s State Specific and Regional Migration Schemes: exploring permanent and temporary skilled migration outcomes in South Australia
Authors: Tan George , Cebulla Andreas , Ziersch Anna , Taylor Andrew
Published: May 2020

Background Recent concerns about population growth and its consequences in Sydney and Melbourne have added momentum to the debate on ways to achieve a more even geographic distribution of population. However, there is little contemporary evidence about the impact of regionally-focused immigration policies in delivering positive migrant outcomes and easing pressures in major cities.Aims The aim of this paper is to compare migration, employment and settlement outcomes between permanent and temporary skilled migrants to South Australia (SA) as well as the factors influencing migrants’ decisions to move into and out of the State. Data and methods Data in this paper draws on the South Australian General Skilled Migrant survey of State-sponsored skilled migrants conducted by The University of Adelaide in 2015. Results Lifestyle and employment factors were important in decisions to come to, stay or leave SA. Permanent migrants were more likely to choose SA as a destination because it was perceived as a good place to raise a family, while temporary migrants were more likely to cite employment. Temporary visa holders had relatively poor employment outcomes. Conclusions Temporary and permanent visa holders experienced different settlement and employment outcomes, demonstrating that a more detailed understanding of migrant characteristics and outcomes may be useful in designing and evaluating regionally-focused migration initiatives.
Socio-economic changes in the age-patterns of childbearing in Australia
Authors: Lazzari Ester
Published: May 2020

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Emerging Global Health Crisis of our times- Climate change
Authors: Ammar Anwer
Published: May 2020

The progress of the human race over the last 200 years is unprecedented in recent history. Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and consumerism have made lives easier for humankind. Still, these changes come at a very high price. We never anticipated that we will have to pay the price in the form of climate change and global warming. Our planet, the earth is getting warmer by 0.85 ?centigrde annually for the last one hundred and seventy years. Hence, glaciers are melting faster than ever, water levels are rising, and cities are sinking, while greenhouse gas emission numbers are at their highest points in human history. Unfortunately we humans are living in anthropogenic epoch and are also speeding up the destruction of the earth’s ecosystem by being the dominant cause of the warming observed since the 20th century. Deforestation coupled with increased greenhouse gas emissions has led to a surge of heat-waves globally. These environmental disasters not only affect the environment, plants, and land but also have a profound direct and indirect impact on the health of people. In-fact the health impact has already debuted in the form of worsening key health indicators. In Pakistan alone, the 2015 heat-wave claimed the lives of twelve hundred people in Sindh province. Due to variable rainfall patterns that affect the availability of fresh water, it also affects food production & delivery and brings on the drought. Quality of air, clean drinking water, and availability of food are the top three indicators most influenced by these disasters. Coupled with these, the more than the frequent occurrence of natural calamities; tsunamis, wildfires, snowstorms, and extremes of temperatures has put an extra financial burden on already, stretched to limits budgets of health.
Awareness of Swine Flu Among the Medical Students of Shaikh Zayed Medical College Rahim Yar Khan
Authors: Iftikhar Shiza , Marriam Bakhtawar  , Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan  , Masood Ul Haq
Published: May 2020

Bacckground: Swine flu is a viral disease affecting upper as well as lower respiratory tracts. Due to limited resources in a developing country like Pakistan, medical students (the future medical practitioners) should be familiar with the basic knowledge, attitude and practice regarding this infectious disease so that they can help the community during its outbreaks.
Objective: To determine the basic knowledge and awareness of swine flu among the medical students of Shaikh Zayed Medical College, Rahim Yar Khan.
Methodology: This cross sectional observational study was carried out among the medical students of Shaikh Zayed Medical College, Rahim Yar Khan during April – May 2019 through a pre-designed pro-forma. A total of three hundred pro-forma were distributed in all classes of MBBS from first year to final year, among which 211 were returned, completely filled by the respondents. The responses of 45 students were disregarded as they hadn’t heard about swine flu. Remaining 166 questionnaires were included in the study and further analyzed for results. Data was then analyzed with SPSS version 22.0.
Results: Majority of respondents (n=151, 91%) correctly replied “virus as its causative agent”. Majority of respondents (n=138, 83.1%) responded “respiratory droplet as mode of transmission”. One hundred and sixty six questionnaires were further analyzed for results. Regarding treatment and prevention of swine flu, 123 (74.1%) replied it as treatable disease and a significant number of students (n=154, 92.8%) deemed it as preventable. About half (45.8%) of participants did not know about vaccine availability in Pakistan and only 42 (25.3%) students correctly answered that vaccination was the best measure to prevent swine flu.
Conclusion: Satisfactory results were seen about knowledge and awareness regarding epidemiology, etiology and mode of transmission. However, deficiencies were seen in awareness about vaccination and prevention of swine flu. So there is a need for health education awareness programs in medical and dental schools on regular basis.
A Rare Case of Foreign Body Ingestion, Mimicking as Mesenteric Cyst. "Case Report"
Authors: Ullah Khan Saleem , Muhammad Kamran  , Asim Ur Rehman  , Muhammad Ramzan  , Imran Hashim  , Muhammad Rehan Malik
Published: May 2020

Background: Foreign body ingestion by children is a commonly encountered problem and accounts for a significant emergency visits among pediatric population. Although these ingested foreign bodies pass spontaneously and uneventfully, a subset of such bodies may become trapped in the digestive tract, eventually leading to significant injury. Most of these bodies are radio-opaque and detectable radiologically, but some radio-lucent may become a diagnostic dilemma and subtle management issue.
Case Report: We report a case of a one-year girl who presented after accidental ingestion of foreign body with signs and symptoms of acute intestinal obstruction. Initially we were unable to diagnose the cause, but later the radiological investigation suspected a mesenteric cyst. After failure to respond to conservative measures she underwent exploratory laparotomy, and a jelly ball was removed from the gut. The patient had uneventful post-operative recovery and was kept on follow-up for three months without any complication.
Conclusion: These patients do not respond to conservative measures and need surgery on an emergency basis. It is likely that if left untreated may have caused Intestinal perforation and irreversible shock. Radiolucent foreign bodies are difficult to diagnose and need high level of suspicion. Need of the hour is to educate the parents to be extra vigilant as “prevention is better than cure”.
TINJAUAN TEOLOGIS TERHADAP POSTMODERNISME DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI IMAN KRISTEN
Authors: Supriadi Made Nopen
Published: May 2020

Times have changed, from pre-modern to modern, and now into postmodern times. The postmodern era is also followed by philosophical thinking from postmodernism. These philosophical thoughts have greatly influenced the lives of many people, who have also touched on aspects of the Christian faith. The principles of postmodernism are subjectivism, anti-history, perspective pluralism, and relativity. These principles have a negative influence on the principles of the Christian faith so that postmodernism is one of the challenges in the Christian faith. The challenge is that postmodernism is an objective anti-truth philosophy. So that it affects the lives of believers so that they remain faithful to reveal the final truth of the Christian faith, making Christian faith the only test tool against postmodernism and dismantling the falsity of postmodernism. Therefore this article was written to provide an understanding of postmodernism and its implications for the Christian faith so that many believers can provide anticipation in the postmodern era that is lived today.
LIVING VALUES EDUCATION DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN
Authors: Markes Karlito D
Published: May 2020

Education is a process of inheriting life values ​​that serve as a guideline as well as a foundation for character development. Education must be a conscious and planned process and oriented to contextual life values. Living Values Education is one of the patterns education based on life values is deemed sufficiently relevant to Christian Education as a learning process about the living values of Christianity. The Bible explicitly records that the life, teachings and role model of the Lord Jesus have practiced the Living Values ​​Education as a pattern of education. This research was conducted using the Literature Review method , through literature obtained both manually and also through an electronic data base such as Google and Google Scholer . From the literature analysis conducted, this study found three principles as the basis for character development through The Christian Living Values ​​Education . First , the values ​​of human life with God. Second , the values ​​of human life with others. And third , the values ​​of human life by itself. All three values ​​of life have the same substance, namely: love with heart, soul and mind.  The hope of this research is that Christian religious educators are held on the values of life centered on Christ.
VARIABLES RELACIONADAS CON INNOVACIÓN EN FERIAS INTERNACIONALES EN BOLIVIA
Authors: Tolavi Soruco Iván
Published: May 2020

Las ferias comerciales son acontecimientos que se realizan periódicamente alrededor del mundo, en distintos lugares y generalmente en forma anual.La innovación es un aspecto de suma importancia en las empresas que deseen detentar ventajas competitivas sustentables, en sus distintas formas, como ser empresarial, tecnológica, de marketing y aspectos socioculturales.En Bolivia existen algunas ferias internacionales, en las cuales se ofertan productos/servicios de empresas locales, regionales e internacionales.En la presente investigación se aborda las ferias internacionales y se nombra las que se llevan a cabo en Bolivia, de manera que se analizan las ferias y su función como fuente se innovación empresarial.El autor cree que la principal función de una feria es presentar innovaciones, es decir, nuevas formas de satisfacer las mismas necesidades.Palabras Claves: Ferias comerciales internacionales, innovación.
Abstract
International trade fairs are events that take place periodically around the world, in different places and generally on an annual basis.Innovation is an aspect of utmost importance in companies wishing to hold sustainable competitive advantages in their different forms, such as business, technology, marketing and socio-cultural aspects.In Bolivia there are some international fairs, in which products / services of local, regional and international companies are offered.In the present investigation the international fairs are discussed and the ones that are carried out in Bolivia are named, so that the fairs and their function as a source of business innovation are analyzed.The author believes that the main function of a fair is to present innovations, that is, new ways of satisfying the same needs.Keywords: International trade fairs, innovation.
La EDUCACIÓN. BIEN PÚBLICO IMPURO QUE PROMUEVE EL CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO INCLUSIVO
Authors: Barrientos Seborga Carmen Inés
Published: May 2020

El trabajo se ubica en el área de la polí­tica social, particularmente en el impacto del bien público impuro "Educación" en el crecimiento económico. Su propósito consiste en revelar la importancia de la dotación de los bienes públicos como componente de la polí­tica social en el crecimiento económico. Se realizó bajo el enfoque cuantitativo. El principal resultado evidencia que los recursos destinados por los gobiernos al bien público impuro "Educación" generaron una oportunidad en el crecimiento económico inclusivo en la región andina en el periodo 2000-2015.Palabras clave: Crecimiento económico, polí­tica social, bienes públicos, modelos econométricos, panel de datos.
AbstractThe work is located in the area of "‹"‹social policy, particularly in the impact of the impure public good "Education" on economic growth. Its purpose is to reveal the importance of the endowment of public goods as a component of social policy in economic growth. It was performed under the quantitative approach. The main result shows that the resources allocated by governments to the impure public good "Education" generated an opportunity for inclusive economic growth in the Andean region in the period 2000-2015.Key words: Economic growth, social policy, public goods, econometric models, data panel.
Without Funding Devolution will Fail
Authors: Chand Kailash
Published: May 2020

We are in uncertain times for the future of our NHS.

In a surprise deal on 2nd November 2014, George Osborne, a Conservative Secretary of State for Finance, and Sir Howard Bernstein, the then CEO of Labor-controlled City of Manchester, signed an unprecedented derogation of power from Whitehall to Greater Manchester. Thus, Greater Manchester became the first English region to be handed full control of its £6bn health budget. Devolution Greater Manchester, or DevoManc as it is commonly dubbed, holds out the promise of meaningful and deep integration within the health service, and between health and social care.
TESS Reveals HD 118203 b to be a Transiting Planet
Authors: Pepper Joshua , Kane Stephen R. , Rodriguez Joseph E. , Hinkel Natalie R. , Eastman Jason D. , Daylan Tansu , Mocnik Teo , Dalba Paul A. , Gaudi B. Scott , Fetherolf Tara , Stassun Keivan G. , Campante Tiago L. , Vanderburg Andrew , Huber Daniel , Bossini Diego , Crossfield Ian , Howell Steve B. , Stephens Andrew W. , Furlan E. , Ricker George R. , Vanderspek Roland , Latham David W. , Seager S. , Winn Joshua N. , Jenkins Jon M. , Twicken Joseph D. , Rose Mark , Smith Jeffrey C. , Glidden Ana , Levine Alan M. , Rinehart Stephen , Collins Karen A. , Mann Andrew W. , Burt Jennifer A. , James David J. , Siverd Robert J. , Günther Maximilian N.
Published: May 2020

The exoplanet HD 118203 b, orbiting a bright (V = 8.05) host star, was discovered using the radial velocity method by da Silva et al., but was not previously known to transit. Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry has revealed that this planet transits its host star. Nine planetary transits were observed by TESS, allowing us to measure the radius of the planet to be

, and to calculate the planet mass to be

. The host star is slightly evolved with an effective temperature of

K and a surface gravity of

. With an orbital period of

days and an eccentricity of 0.314 ± 0.017, the planet occupies a transitional regime between circularized hot Jupiters and more dynamically active planets at longer orbital periods. The host star is among the 10 brightest known to have transiting giant planets, providing opportunities for both planetary atmospheric and asteroseismic studies.
The Metallicity Gradient and Complex Formation History of the Outermost Halo of the Milky Way
Authors: Dietz Sarah E. , Yoon Jinmi , Beers Timothy C. , Placco Vinicius M.
Published: May 2020

We present an examination of the metallicity distribution function of the outermost stellar halo of the Galaxy based on an analysis of both local (within 4 kpc of the Sun, ∼16,500 stars) and non-local (∼21,700 stars) samples. These samples were compiled using spectroscopic metallicities from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and photometric metallicities from the SkyMapper Southern Survey. We detect a negative metallicity gradient in the outermost halo (r > 35 kpc from the Galactic center), and find that the frequency of very metal-poor ([Fe/H] < −2.0) stars in the outer-halo region reaches up to ∼60% in our most distant sample, commensurate with previous theoretical predictions. This result provides clear evidence that the outer-halo formed hierarchically. The retrograde stars in the outermost halo exhibit a roughly constant metallicity, which may be linked to the accretion of the Sequoia progenitor. In contrast, prograde stars in the outermost halo exhibit a strong metallicity-distance dependence, indicating that they likely originated from the accretion of galaxies less massive than the Sequoia progenitor galaxy.
Effects of Radial Distances on Small-scale Magnetic Flux Ropes in the Solar Wind
Authors: Chen Yu , Hu Qiang
Published: May 2020

Small-scale magnetic flux ropes (SFRs) in the solar wind have been studied for decades. Statistical analysis utilizing various in situ spacecraft measurements is the main observational approach to investigating the generation and evolution of these small-scale structures. Based on the Grad–Shafranov reconstruction technique, we use the automated detection algorithm to build the databases of these small-scale structures via various spacecraft measurements at different heliocentric distances. We present the SFR properties, including the magnetic field and plasma parameters at different radial distances from the Sun near the ecliptic plane. It is found that the event occurrence rate is still of the order of a few hundreds per month, the duration and scale-size distributions follow power laws, and the flux-rope axis orientations are approximately centered around the local Parker spiral directions. In general, most SFR properties exhibit radial decays. In addition, with various databases established, we derive scaling laws for the changes in average field magnitude, event counts, and SFR scale sizes, with respect to the radial distances, ranging from ∼0.3 au for Helios to ∼7 au for the Voyager spacecraft. The implications of our results for comparisons with the relevant theoretical works and for applications to the Parker Solar Probe mission are discussed.