bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protecting Against Misleading Post‐event Information with a Self‐Administered Interview
Authors: Gabbert Fiona , Hope Lorraine , Fisher Ronald P. , Jamieson Kat
Published: February 2012

Two studies investigated whether an early recall opportunity, in the form of a self‐administered interview (SAI), reduced forgetting and protected against the negative consequences of post‐event misinformation. In both studies, participants viewed a simulated crime on DVD after which half immediately recorded their statement by using the SAI, whereas control participants did not have an immediate recall opportunity. Following a delay, participants were presented with misinformation encountered either in a misleading news report (Study 1) or in the form of misleading cued‐recall questions (Study 2). Results showed that participants who had completed a SAI after witnessing an event were significantly less prone to forgetting and significantly more resistant to the negative consequences of misinformation. The SAI was able to protect both the quantity and quality of information about a previously witnessed event. Applied implications are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decentralized stabilization of large‐scale systems with interval time‐varying delays in interconnections
Authors: Fernando T.L. , Phat V.N. , Trinh H.M.
Published: February 2012

This paper considers decentralized stabilization problem for a class of large‐scale systems with interval time‐varying delays in interconnections. The time delay is assumed to be a continuous function belonging to a given interval but not necessary to be differentiable. On the basis of constructing a set of improved Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals, new sufficient conditions for the existence of decentralized state feedback controller are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The decentralized control design guarantees the system exponential stability. An illustrative example is given to show the validity of the results obtained in this paper. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Divalent Metals on Nanoscopic Fiber Formation and Small Molecule Recognition of Helical Proteins
Authors: Gunasekar Susheel K. , Anjia Luona , Matsui Hiroshi , Montclare Jin K.
Published: February 2012

Metal dependent protein‐based assemblies derived from the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (C) coiled‐coil domain (His6‐C) and two variants with mutation at position 40 (His6‐T40A) and 44 (His6‐L44A) are explored. All proteins have an N‐terminal hexahistidine tag (His6) that interacts with divalent metal ions Zn(II) and Ni(II). Binding to Zn(II) confers enhanced helical structure and stability, while Ni(II) promotes aggregation. Surprisingly, His6‐L44A undergoes a conformational switch from unstructured to α‐helix in the presence of Zn(II). Both His6‐C and His6‐T40A further assemble into discrete nanofibers that appear to be stabilized by Zn(II) in which the fiber formation is dictated by the α‐helical content. Because Ni(II) promotes aggregation, the proteins visibly cluster, forming large fiber mats in the case of His6‐C and His6‐T40A or aggregated structures as observed for His6‐L44A. Due to the unique pentameric assembly of the proteins, recognition of a small molecule within the pore is assessed using curcumin as the guest molecule. In the presence of Zn(II), there is enhanced binding to curcumin, while the addition of Ni(II) causes a loss in binding. It is shown that metal binding serves as a trigger to control the conformation of the proteins, affecting the nanoscopic fibrous assemblies and small molecule recognition abilities.
Synthesis of Potassium‐Modified Graphene and Its Application in Nitrite‐Selective Sensing
Authors: Li Xiao‐Rong , Kong Fen‐Ying , Liu Jing , Liang Tong‐Ming , Xu Jing‐Juan , Chen Hong‐Yuan
Published: February 2012

Chemical modification with foreign atoms is a leading strategy to intrinsically modify the properties of host materials. Among them, potassium (K) modification plays a critical role in adjusting the electronic properties of carbon materials. Graphene, a true 2D carbon material, has shown fascinating applications in electrochemical sensing and biosensing. In this work, a facile and mild strategy to K‐modifying in graphene at room‐temperature is reported for the first time. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectra, and cyclic voltammetry are used to characterize this K‐modified graphene. The K‐modified graphene is capable of acting as an electron transfer medium and more efficiently promotes charge transfer than unmodified graphene. A highly sensitive and stable amperometric sensor based on its excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of NO2− is proposed. The sensor shows a linear range from 0.5 μM to 7.8 mM with a detection limit of 0.2 μM at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3. The modified electrode has excellent analytical performance and can be successfully applied in the determination of NO2− released from liver cancer and leukemia cells and shows good application potential in biological systems.
Growth and Device Application of CdSe Nanostructures
Authors: Zhao Lijuan , Hu Linfeng , Fang Xiaosheng
Published: February 2012

Inorganic semiconductor nanostructures have attracted increasing interest in recent years because of their distinguishable role in fundamental studies and technical applications, mainly due to their size‐ and shape‐dependent properties and flexible processing methods. The use of such nanostructures in optic, optoelectric, and piezoelectric prospects is expected to play a crucial role in future nanoscale devices. Cadmium selenide (CdSe), a well‐known direct bandgap II‐VI semiconductor in which the bandgap favors absorption over a wide range of the visible spectrum, has been a promising material for applications in such fields as photodetectors, field‐effect transistors (FETs), field emitters, solar cells, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), memory devices, biosensors, and biomedical imaging. The research on CdSe nanostructures has made remarkable progress in the last few years. The research activities on CdSe nanostructures including various methods for the synthesis of CdSe nanostructures and the unique properties and device applications of these nanostructures are reviewed. Potential future directions of this research area are also highlighted.
Sexual dimorphism in body composition across human populations: Associations with climate and proxies for short‐ and long‐term energy supply
Authors: Wells Jonathan C.K.
Published: February 2012

Objectives:

Sexual dimorphism in human stature, physique, and adiposity is well established, but the ecological factors that account for its variability remain unknown. This study aimed to describe population variability in body composition dimorphism, and to test whether annual temperature and proxies for population energy supply accounted for this variability.

Methods:

Data on sex‐specific anthropometry (weight, stature, triceps, and subscapular skinfolds) and mean annual temperature were collated for 96 nonindustrialized populations. Lean mass and fat mass were calculated. Sexual dimorphism was expressed in sympercents. Sex‐averaged skinfolds and stature were used as proxies for short‐term and long‐term energy supply, respectively.

Results:

All outcomes showed significant mean dimorphism except body mass index. The magnitude of dimorphism was not randomly distributed across global regions, being lowest in African and Asian populations and greatest in Arctic populations. There was a negative correlation across populations between lean mass dimorphism and adiposity dimorphism, independent of temperature. With decreasing temperature, dimorphism in both lean mass and adiposity increased. Dimorphism increased in fatter but not taller populations, independently of temperature.

Conclusions:

The inverse correlation between lean mass dimorphism and adiposity dimorphism indicates a sex‐trade‐off between these two tissue accretion strategies. At colder temperatures, females invest disproportionately more in adiposity, and males disproportionately more in lean mass. Dimorphism also increased in proportion to proxies for short‐term but not long‐term energy availability. These findings suggest that phenotypic plasticity contributes to variability in body composition dimorphism, and that the occupation of dimorphic niches regarding reproductive energetics may be important. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Do economic constraints on food choice make people fat? A critical review of two hypotheses for the poverty–obesity paradox
Authors: Hruschka Daniel J.
Published: February 2012

In low income countries worldwide, rising standards of living have spurred an unprecedented rise in obesity. However, in numerous wealthy countries the trend frequently reverses with poorer and less educated women more likely to be overweight than their wealthier compatriots. One prominent explanation for this reverse gradient is that economic deprivation leads to food choices which paradoxically increase energy intake. If true, this would challenge current evolutionary accounts for the modern obesity epidemic and have serious implications for how policy makers tackle increasing obesity in the US and worldwide. In this article, we critically review the hypothesis that deprivation leads people to choose cheaper foods which in turn foster overconsumption of energy. Though the hypothesis is consistent with numerous cross‐sectional studies, available longitudinal studies from high‐, middle‐, and low‐income countries show the reverse—that when populations experience resource declines, they experience either declines in BMI or decelerations in BMI growth. Most notably, the recent recession in the US coincides with a clear deceleration in women's obesity across income groups. We conclude by briefly reviewing other plausible explanations for the reverse gradient among women in developing countries. Finally, we discuss how theoretical perspectives and comparative, historical approaches from human biology are useful tools for examining the current wealth of hypotheses about obesity in population health. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Explicit versus implicit fat‐stigma
Authors: Brewis Alexandra A. , Wutich Amber
Published: February 2012

Objectives:

Human biologists are increasingly engaging with current global trends toward obesity. However, little is considered about how variation in cultural views of “fat” might shape the biology of obesity, such as through pathways related to socially induced stress. Recent research indicates elevated levels of explicit fat‐stigma in middle income nations, suggesting potentially high levels of psychosocial stress around “being fat.” We use the case of Paraguay to test if high levels of explicit prejudice around “being fat” also suggest internalization of those ideas in ways that might predict stress effects.

Methods:

Using a sample of women in Paraguay (N = 200), we test if the statement of anti‐fat beliefs on standard scales correlates with similarly strong level of cognitive bias against fat based on an implicit association test. We confirm reasonable comparability of the findings to prior published studies by collecting data for U.S. undergraduates (N = 66) using the same set of tools.

Results:

Women in Paraguay reveal high levels of explicit anti‐fat bias in an interview on a standard (Attitudes to Obese People) scale, suggesting a shared cultural norm of fat‐is‐bad. However, Paraguayan women display, on average, no anti‐fat stigma in cognitive testing.

Conclusion:

In contrast to what has been observed in industrialized nations, the high levels of explicit fat‐stigma does not necessarily correlate with high levels of implicit fat‐stigma. This means that pathways between obesity, psychosocial stress, and health outcomes may be very different across socioecological contexts. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
No changes in weight and body fat in lactating adolescent and adult women from Mexico
Authors: Caire‐Juvera Graciela , Casanueva Esther , Bolaños‐Villar Adriana Verónica , De Regil Luz María , De la barca Ana María Calderón
Published: February 2012

Objective:

To evaluate changes in weight and body fat of Mexican adolescent compared to those of adult lactating women from the Northwest (NM) and Central (CM) regions of Mexico in the first trimester postpartum.

Methods:

A prospective design was used to evaluate 41 exclusively breastfeeding women (21 adolescents and 20 adults) recruited 1–2 days after delivering a healthy singleton at the Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora (Northwest Mexico) and Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, in Mexico City. Socioeconomic status, height, body weight and composition, dietary intake, physical activity, and milk volume (quantified by deuterium dilution method) were measured at the 1st and 3rd month postpartum.

Results:

Women did not lose weight throughout the first trimester postpartum. Mean postpartum weight retention at the end of the study was 3.8 kg. No differences in weight and body mass index (BMI) were found between adolescent and adult women in both periods. Energy and macronutrient intakes, physical activity and milk volume were similar between the two groups of women. In both periods, adolescents from the CM region had lower weight, BMI, and body fat than adolescents from the NM region (P<0.05). At the 3rd month, pregestational weight (P < 0.0001) was a predictor of BMI, and region (P < 0.05) and milk volume (P < 0.01) were associated with percentage of body fat.

Conclusions:

Exclusively breastfeeding for 3 months did not reduce weight or body fat in the Mexican population of this study. Efforts to avoid weight retention in the lactation period may contribute to prevent overweight and obesity in women. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The application of palaeolimnology to evidence‐based lake management and conservation: examples from UK lakes
Authors: Sayer Carl D. , Bennion Helen , Davidson Thomas A. , Burgess Amy , Clarke Gina , Hoare Daniel , Frings Patrick , Hatton‐Ellis Tristan
Published: February 2012

To help meet the requirements of water legislation, palaeolimnology has been widely used to establish ‘reference conditions’ and restoration targets for lakes. However, its potential for assessing the necessity and appropriateness of different lake management activities has been less publicized.

With reference to selected case studies covering consultancy projects commissioned by UK conservation agencies, this study highlights the important applied role of palaeolimnology. Using varying combinations of diatom, plant macrofossil and cladoceran analysis, the degree, timing and in many cases the likely drivers of ecological change were inferred for several lake sites.

From this basis advice was given on a range of lake management issues, including the need for sediment removal to combat eutrophication and/or the necessity of other nutrient reduction measures (Case study 1), the depth of sediment to be removed to maximize restoration potential through exposure of dormant banks of characean oospores (Case study 2), the requirement for fish management (Case study 3), and advice regarding fish farm expansion and licensing (Case study 4). Where possible management responses to the recommendations are outlined including any major outcomes.

All case studies illustrate the advantages, for lake management and conservation decision‐making, of placing current lake ecological conditions in the context of long‐term change.

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Operational performance comparison of four unconventional intersection designs using micro‐simulation
Authors: Autey Jarvis , Sayed Tarek , El Esawey Mohamed
Published: February 2012

Several unconventional intersection designs have been proposed as an innovative approach to mitigate congestion at heavily congested at‐grade signalized intersections. Many of these unconventional designs were shown to outperform conventional intersections in terms of the average control delay and the overall intersection capacity. Little research has been conducted to compare the performance of these unconventional intersections to each other under different volume conditions. This study evaluated and compared the operational performance of four unconventional intersection schemes: the crossover displaced left‐turn (XDL), the upstream signalized crossover (USC), the double crossover intersection (DXI) (i.e., half USC), and the median U‐turn (MUT). The micro‐simulation software vissim (PTV Planung Transport Verkehr AG, Karlsruhe, Germany) was used to model and analyze the four unconventional intersections as well as a counterpart conventional one. The results showed that the XDL intersection constantly exhibited the lowest delays at nearly all tested balanced and unbalanced volume levels. The operational performance of both the USC and the DXI was similar in most volume conditions. The MUT design, on the other hand, was unable to accommodate high approach volumes and heavy left‐turn traffic. The capacity of the XDL intersection was found to be 99% higher than that of the conventional intersection, whereas the capacity of the USC and the DXI intersections was about 50% higher than that of the conventional intersection. The results of this study can provide guidance on choosing among alternative unconventional designs according to the prevailing traffic conditions at an intersection. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
INCREASING INDEPENDENCE AMONG CHILDREN DIAGNOSED WITH AUTISM USING A BRIEF EMBEDDED TEACHING STRATEGY
Authors: Toelken Stephanie , Miltenberger Raymond G.
Published: February 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a brief embedded teaching procedure, involving least‐to‐most prompting for two paraprofessional staff in order to increase independent responses of two children diagnosed with autism in an inclusive setting. Training was given using a behavioral skills training approach, involving instructions, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback. A multiple‐baseline design across behaviors was used to evaluate the effects of the embedded teaching procedure. Maintenance of training effects was evaluated two weeks, following the end of the study. After training of the brief embedded prompting procedure and during following up probes, both students showed increased independence in each skill that staff were trained to teach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collaborative and role‐play strategies in software engineering learning with web 2.0 tools
Authors: Díaz Redondo Rebeca P. , Fernández Vilas Ana , Pazos Arias José J. , Gil Solla Alberto
Published: February 2012

Software development processes are inherently complex and require the collaboration and coordination of expert teams. The acquisition of both analysis and design competences as well as social skills should thus be the leitmotiv of courses devoted to software engineering learning. However, these aspects are often ignored and excessive importance is attached to the implementation stage. The learning framework described in this article was designed to teach students these competences and skills by means of an immersive learning experience where, working in a team, each student has to play the role of a software developer and address problems linked to requirements specification, design, and the software development process as a whole. Collaborative strategies of this kind have proven to be very successful in active learning processes, to which we have added continuous assessment mechanisms based on rubrics to provide early feedback to students. Additionally, and taking into account the characteristics of the new European Space for Higher Education, we have designed an online personal learning environment (PLE) that facilitates anytime–anywhere communications and provides a suitable social space for the exchange of information, which is crucial to the success of any teamwork effort. More specifically, we propose a learning activity based on Web 2.0 services and adapted to this particular PLE.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22:658–668, 2014; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21557
Flexible and General Synthesis of Functionalized Phosphoisoprenoids for the Study of Prenylation in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Das Debapratim , Tnimov Zakir , Nguyen Uyen T. T. , Thimmaiah Govindaraju , Lo Harriet , Abankwa Daniel , Wu Yaowen , Goody Roger S. , Waldmann Herbert , Alexandrov Kirill
Published: February 2012

Protein modification with isoprenoid lipids affects hundreds of signaling proteins in eukaryotic cells. Modification of isoprenoids with reporter groups is the main approach for the creation of probes for the analysis of protein prenylation in vitro and in vivo. Here, we describe a new strategy for the synthesis of functionalized phosphoisoprenoids that uses an aminederivatized isoprenoid scaffold as a starting point for the synthesis of functionalized phosphoisoprenoid libraries. This overcomes a long‐standing problem in the field, where multistep synthesis had to be carried out for each individual isoprenoid analogue. The described approach enabled us to synthesize a range of new compounds, including two novel fluorescent isoprenoids that previously could not be generated by conventional means. The fluorescent probes that were developed using the described approach possess significant spectroscopic advantages to all previously generated fluorescent isoprenoid analogue. Using these analogues for flow cytometry and cell imaging, we analyzed the uptake of isoprenoids by mammalian cells and zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, we demonstrate that derivatization of the scaffold can be coupled in a one‐pot reaction to enzymatic incorporation of the resulting isoprenoid group into proteins. This enables rapid evaluation of functional groups for compatibility with individual prenyltransferases and identification of the prenyltransferase specific substrates.
Improved pH measurements with a single PARACEST MRI contrast agent
Authors: Sheth Vipul R. , Liu Guanshu , Li Yuguo , Pagel Mark D.
Published: February 2012

The measurement of extracellular pH has potential utility for assessing the therapeutic effects of pH‐dependent and pH‐altering therapies. A PARAmagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (PARACEST) MRI contrast agent, Yb–DO3A–oAA, has two CEST effects that are dependent on pH. A ratio derived from these CEST effects was linearly correlated with pH throughout the physiological pH range. The pH can be measured with a precision of 0.21 pH units and an accuracy of 0.09 pH units. The pH measurement is independent of concentration and T1 relaxation times, but is dependent on temperature. Although MR coalescence affects the CEST measurements, especially at high pH, the ratiometric analysis of the CEST effects can account for incomplete saturation of the agent's amide and amine that results from MR coalescence. Provided that an empirical calibration is determined with saturation conditions, magnetic field strength and temperature that can be used for subsequent studies, these results demonstrate that this single PARACEST MRI contrast agent can accurately measure pH. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorescent magnetoliposomes as a platform technology for functional and molecular MR and optical imaging
Authors: Hodenius Michael , Würth Christian , Jayapaul Jabadurai , Wong John E. , Lammers Twan , Gätjens Jessica , Arns Susanne , Mertens Natascha , Slabu Ioana , Ivanova Gergana , Bornemann Jörg , Cuyper Marcel De , Resch‐Genger Ute , Kiessling Fabian
Published: February 2012

Here, we present a detailed characterisation of rhodamine B‐containing magnetoliposomes (FLU‐ML), emphasising the dependence of their fluorescence properties on the presence of iron oxide cores, and the molar fraction of the fluorophore. The magnetoliposome types used exist as colloidally stable, negatively charged clusters with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 95 nm. The molar rhodamine B fractions were 0.67 % and 1.97 %. Rhodamine B normalised fluorescence, quantum yields and fluorescence lifetimes were substantially reduced by inner filter effects as the magnetoliposome concentration is increased, by increasing molar rhodamine B fraction, and by quenching originating from the iron oxide cores. MR relaxometry at 3 T revealed extremely high r2 relaxivities (440 to 554 s‐1mM‐1) and moderately high r1 values (2.06 to 3.59 s‐1mM‐1). Upon incubating human prostate carcinoma (PC‐3) cells with FLU‐ML, a dose‐dependent particle internalisation was found by MR relaxometry. In addition, the internalised FLU‐ML were clearly visible by fluorescence microscopy. At the FLU‐ML concentrations used (up to 3 × 103 M Fe) cell viability was not substantially impaired. These results provide valuable insights on the fluorescence properties of bimodal magnetoliposomes and open promising perspectives for the use of these materials as a platform technology for advanced functional and molecular MR and optical imaging applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conductivity and permittivity imaging at 3.0 t
Authors: Bulumulla S.B. , Lee S.K. , Yeo D.T.B.
Published: February 2012

Tissue conductivity and permittivity are critical to understanding radio frequency (RF) power deposition during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These electrical properties are also important in treatment planning of RF thermotherapy methods (e.g., RF hyperthermia). The electrical properties may also have diagnostic value as malignant tissues have been reported to have higher conductivity and higher relative permittivity than surrounding healthy tissue. In this study, we consider imaging conductivity and permittivity using MRI transmit field maps (B1+ maps) at 3.0 T. We formulate efficient methods to calculate conductivity and relative permittivity from two‐dimensional B1+ data and validate the methods with simulated B1+ maps, generated at 128 MHz. Next, we use the recently introduced Bloch‐Siegert shift B1+ mapping method to acquire B1+ maps at 3.0 T and demonstrate conductivity and relative permittivity images that successfully identify contrast in electrical properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 41B: 13–21, 2012
Magnetic susceptibility derived from T2 and T‐weighted magnetic resonance magnitude images
Authors: Vegh Viktor , Kording Fabian , Venkatachalam Taracad K. , Reutens David C.
Published: February 2012

A method of measuring absolute magnetic susceptibility using T2 and T‐weighted magnetic resonance images is described. We used magnitude images derived from spin echo and gradient echo acquisitions, without the use of phase information. The findings are validated analytically and also using experimental phantoms. We show that a combination of magnetic resonance images can provide information needed to deduce the absolute susceptibility of the sample. Careful consideration of sample relaxation times and image acquisition parameters is required to ensure that calculations are accurate. We conducted an investigation of optimal imaging parameters and validated our results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 41B: 28–36, 2012
Neuropil distribution in the cerebral cortex differs between humans and chimpanzees
Authors: Spocter Muhammad A. , Hopkins William D. , Barks Sarah K. , Bianchi Serena , Hehmeyer Abigail E. , Anderson Sarah M. , Stimpson Cheryl D. , Fobbs Archibald J. , Hof Patrick R. , Sherwood Chet C.
Published: February 2012

Increased connectivity of high‐order association regions in the neocortex has been proposed as a defining feature of human brain evolution. At present, however, there are limited comparative data to examine this claim fully. We tested the hypothesis that the distribution of neuropil across areas of the neocortex of humans differs from that of one of our closest living relatives, the common chimpanzee. The neuropil provides a proxy measure of total connectivity within a local region because it is composed mostly of dendrites, axons, and synapses. Using image analysis techniques, we quantified the neuropil fraction from both hemispheres in six cytoarchitectonically defined regions including frontopolar cortex (area 10), Broca's area (area 45), frontoinsular cortex (area FI), primary motor cortex (area 4), primary auditory cortex (area 41/42), and the planum temporale (area 22). Our results demonstrate that humans exhibit a unique distribution of neuropil in the neocortex compared to chimpanzees. In particular, the human frontopolar cortex and the frontoinsular cortex had a significantly higher neuropil fraction than the other areas. In chimpanzees these prefrontal regions did not display significantly more neuropil, but the primary auditory cortex had a lower neuropil fraction than other areas. Our results support the conclusion that enhanced connectivity in the prefrontal cortex accompanied the evolution of the human brain. These species differences in neuropil distribution may offer insight into the neural basis of human cognition, reflecting enhancement of the integrative capacity of the prefrontal cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:2917–2929, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Bateman Anthony W.
Published: February 2012

This paper outlines an approach to the treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD) based on principles of interpersonal psychotherapy. The rationale for using a modified version of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is described—BPD is a disorder of attachment, depression is commonly associated with BPD and the primary symptoms of BPD such as rapid mood fluctuations, impulsivity and cognitive distortions are manifested within interpersonal relationships. A focus on interpersonal dysfunction between self and others may improve the quality of relationships for these patients and improve their capacity to manage the instability engendered by depressed mood. It is argued that the normal structure of IPT meets the basic requirements of any psychotherapy for BPD but that the current four foci of IPT are inadequate to address the complexity of the problems of the person with BPD. A case is made to extend the focal areas of IPT to increase the specificity of treatment tailoring it to the core pathology of the disorder. It is suggested that consideration of regulation of the self within interpersonal interactions becomes the primary focus for treatment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Borderline personality disorder is manifested through problems on interpersonal relationships.

Interpersonal psychotherapy may be a useful treatment for BPD.

Interpersonal psychotherapy uses a focus for treatment. A new focus of problems of self/other regulation is suggested.

Further research is needed to determine if this approach is effective.
Cryptanalysis of a certificateless signature scheme without pairings
Authors: Tian Miaomiao , Huang Liusheng
Published: February 2012

Certificateless cryptography is an attractive paradigm for public key cryptography as it does not require certificates in traditional public key cryptography and, at the same time, solves the inherent key escrow problem in identity‐based cryptography. Recently, an efficient certificateless signature scheme without using pairings was proposed by He, Chen and Zhang. They claimed that it is provably secure under the discrete logarithm assumption in the random oracle model. However, in this paper, we show that their scheme is insecure against a type II adversary who can access to the master secret key of the system. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Code division multiple access/pulse position modulation ultra‐wideband radio frequency identification for Internet of Things: concept and analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Lu Zhonghai , Chen Qiang , Yan Xiaolang , Zheng Li-Rong
Published: February 2012

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a compelling technology for Internet of Things (IoT). Ultra‐wideband (UWB) technology is one promising wireless technique for future RFID, especially for high‐throughput sensing applications. On‐off keying UWB RFID system provides high pulse rate but suffers severe collisions that limit the system throughput. This paper proposes to utilize low pulse rate code division multiple access/pulse position modulation UWB in the tag‐to‐reader link to provide multiple tag access capability and build a high‐throughput RFID system for IoT. We analyze asynchronous matched filter receiver and decorrelating receiver for multi‐tag detection and design an effective medium access control scheme to optimize the network throughput. We propose an effective dynamic frame size adjustment algorithm on the basis of theoretical analysis and determine the preferable length of Gold codes. With a similar data rate, the throughput of the proposed system using the decorrelating receiver is 8.6 times higher than that of the electronic product code class 1 generation 2 system. Only using 1/10 pulse rate and 1/15 data rate, the proposed system outperforms the on‐off keying UWB RFID system 1.4 times in terms of throughput. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of experimental genetic management in reintroduced bighorn sheep
Authors: Olson Zachary H. , Whittaker Donald G. , Rhodes Olin E.
Published: February 2012

Positive demographic responses have been reported in several species where the immigration or supplementation of genetically distinct individuals into wild populations has resulted in a genetic rescue effect. However, rarely have researchers incorporated what could be considerable risk of outbreeding depression into planning for genetic management programs. We assess the genetic effects of an experiment in genetic management involving replicate populations of California bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis californiana) in Oregon, USA, which previously experienced poor productivity and numerical declines. In the experiment, two declining populations were supplemented with ewes from a more genetically diverse population of California bighorn sheep in Nevada. We incorporated analysis of genetic samples representing both experimental populations prior to supplementation, samples from the supplemented individuals, and samples collected from both experimental populations approximately one generation after supplementation. We used genetic analyses to assess the integration of supplemented and resident populations by identifying interpopulation hybrids. Further, we incorporated demographic simulations to assess the risk of outbreeding depression as a result of the experimental augmentation. Finally, we used data from microsatellites and mitochondrial sequences to determine if genetic management increased genetic diversity in the experimental populations. Our analyses demonstrated the success of genetic management by documenting interpopulation hybrids, identifying no evidence for outbreeding depression as a result of contact between the genetically distinct supplemented and resident populations, and by identifying increased population‐level metrics of genetic diversity in postsupplementation populations compared with presupplementation levels.
Equimolar mixture of c9,t11 and t9,t11 CLA inhibits the growth and induces apoptosis in Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Zhong Xian‐Feng , Luo Ting , Huang Gui‐Dong , Deng Ze‐Yuan , Lei Lin
Published: February 2012

In 2008, CLAs received a no‐objection letter from the FDA on its generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status for certain foods. However, aside from the mixture of c9, t11‐CLA and t10, c12‐CLA, other CLA mixtures are still not used in food production. The effects of different concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 µmol/L) of CLA mixture (c9, t11‐CLA and t9, t11‐CLA) on the human colorectal carcinoma cell line Caco‐2 cells after various treatment times (1, 2, 3, and 4 days) and the induced apoptosis were examined in the study. The mRNA expression level and activities of caspase‐3, ‐8, and ‐9 were determined via quantitative real‐time PCR and caspase‐3, ‐8, and ‐9 assay kits. The results indicated that the CLA mixture inhibited the proliferation of the Caco‐2 cells, and the antiproliferative effects were closely related to treatment time and concentration. Meanwhile, the CLA mixture increased the mRNA expression level and activities of caspase‐3, ‐8, and ‐9 compared with control which suggested apoptosis induced by CLA mixture was related to the caspase pathway. In conclusion, the CLA mixture can inhibit Caco‐2 cell proliferation and induce its apoptosis through increasing caspase 3, 8, and 9 expression and activities.

Practical applications: In the food industry, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are generally recognized as safe and important for the production of fermented food and may be used as probiotic bacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract, contributing to pathogen inhibition and immunomodulation. C9, t11‐CLA and t9, t11‐CLA isomers used for the present study were obtained from the conversion of linoleic acid by Lactobacillus helveticus L7 (used as a probiotic bacterial in our laboratory). Here, the mixture of c9, t11‐CLA and t9, t11‐CLA had a synergistic antiproliferation effect on the Caco‐2 cells which suggested that the CLA mixture has potential health value, and can be a beneficial supplement in the food industry.
Comparison of aneuploidies of chromosomes 21, X, and Y in the blood lymphocytes and sperm of workers exposed to benzene
Authors: Ji Zhiying , Weldon Rosana H. , Marchetti Francesco , Chen Howard , Li Guilan , Xing Caihong , Kurtovich Elaine , Young Suzanne , Schmid Thomas E. , Waidyanatha Suramya , Rappaport Stephen , Zhang Luoping , Eskenazi Brenda
Published: February 2012

Benzene is a primary industrial chemical and a ubiquitous environmental pollutant that causes human leukemia and maybe other malignancies. Occupational exposure to benzene has been associated with increased chromosomal aneuploidies in blood lymphocytes and, in separate studies, in sperm. However, aneuploidy detection in somatic and germ cells within the same benzene‐exposed individuals has never been reported. To compare aneuploidies in blood lymphocytes and sperm within the same individuals exposed to benzene, a cross‐sectional study was conducted in 33 benzene‐exposed male workers and 33 unexposed workers from Chinese factories. Air benzene concentrations in the exposed workers ranged from below the detection limit to 24 ppm (median, 2.9 ppm) and were undetectable in the unexposed subjects. Aneuploidies of chromosomes 21, X, and Y in blood lymphocytes were examined by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization and were compared to the previously reported aneuploidies in sperm. The results showed that benzene exposure was positively associated with the gain of chromosome 21 but not sex chromosomes in blood lymphocytes. This was in contrast to analysis of sperm, where the gain of sex chromosomes, but not chromosome 21, was significantly increased in the exposed workers. Furthermore, a significant correlation in the gain of sex chromosomes between blood lymphocytes and sperm was observed among the unexposed subjects, but not among the exposed workers. The findings suggest that benzene exposure induces aneuploidies in both blood cells and sperm within the same individuals, but selectively affects chromosome 21 in blood lymphocytes and the sex chromosomes in sperm. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nardilysin and ADAM proteases promote gastric cancer cell growth by activating intrinsic cytokine signalling via enhanced ectodomain shedding of TNF‐α
Authors: Kanda Keitaro , Komekado Hideyuki , Sawabu Tateo , Ishizu Shoko , Nakanishi Yuki , Nakatsuji Masato , Akitake‐Kawano Reiko , Ohno Mikiko , Hiraoka Yoshinori , Kawada Mayumi , Kawada Kenji , Sakai Yoshiharu , Matsumoto Kyoichi , Kunichika Makoto , Kimura Takeshi , Seno Hiroshi , Nishi Eiichiro , Chiba Tsutomu
Published: February 2012

Nardilysin (NRDc), a metalloendopeptidase of the M16 family, promotes ectodomain shedding of the precursor forms of various growth factors and cytokines by enhancing the protease activities of ADAM proteins. Here, we show the growth‐promoting role of NRDc in gastric cancer cells. Analyses of clinical samples demonstrated that NRDc protein expression was frequently elevated both in the serum and cancer epithelium of gastric cancer patients. After NRDc knockdown, tumour cell growth was suppressed both in vitro and in xenograft experiments. In gastric cancer cells, NRDc promotes shedding of pro‐tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (pro‐TNF‐α), which stimulates expression of NF‐κB‐regulated multiple cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐6. In turn, IL‐6 activates STAT3, leading to transcriptional upregulation of downstream growth‐related genes. Gene silencing of ADAM17 or ADAM10, representative ADAM proteases, phenocopied the changes in cytokine expression and cell growth induced by NRDc knockdown. Our results demonstrate that gastric cancer cell growth is maintained by autonomous TNF‐α–NF‐κB and IL‐6–STAT3 signalling, and that NRDc and ADAM proteases turn on these signalling cascades by stimulating ectodomain shedding of TNF‐α.
The response of saltation to wind speed fluctuations
Authors: Pfeifer Sascha , Schönfeldt Hans‐Jürgen
Published: February 2012

The response time of saltation to spatial or temporal wind speed fluctuations constitutes an important control parameter for aeolian sediment transport and deposition. In this paper, we present direct measurements of the response time obtained from several field experiments.

The sand transport was studied using six small microphones arranged in a vertical profile and collocated with a sonic anemometer, a webcam and a cup anemometer tower. The webcam was coupled with the sonic anemometer via a personal computer and provides information on creeping and saltating grains with a sampling rate of 10 Hz. Sediment transport measurements were obtained over four periods.

The Wiener filter, a signal processing technique, is used to obtain a discrete transfer function that relates the horizontal wind speed and the non‐intermittent sand transport. The transfer function can be established using an exponential function with a time constant or characteristic response time τ without time shift. The response time fluctuated between zero and 1·5 seconds depending on the turbulence intensity, the saltation activity, the measuring height and sampling rates. The Wiener filter coefficients suggest that the response of saltation to wind speed alterations is determined by more than one process. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal stress–strain of self‐compacting concrete in compression
Authors: Tao Jin , Yuan Yong , Taerwe Luc
Published: February 2012

Self‐compacting concrete or self‐consolidation concrete (SCC) is being used in underground and other industrial structures that may be subjected to high temperatures during operation or in case of an accidental fire. The proper understanding of the effects of elevated temperatures on the stress–strain relationship of SCC is necessary in the assessment of structural safety. This paper presents the high temperature behavior from an experimental study carried out on SCC subjected to high temperatures. The effects of temperature, strength grade, and polypropylene (PP) fibers on the initial elastic modulus, strain at peak stress, and stress–strain curves of SCC are studied, which offered a test basis for estimating the deformation of SCC under high temperature. An empirical constitutive formula for the thermal stress–strain of SCC is developed on the basis of the deformation characteristics of PP fiber‐modified SCC. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Essential oil of Plectranthus tenuicaulis for flavour and fragrance: Synthesis of derivatives from natural and synthetic 6,7‐epoxyocimenes
Authors: Agrebi Abdelhamid , Agnaniet Huguette , Bikanga Raphaël , Makani Thomas , Anguilé Jean Jacques , Lebibi Jacques , Casabianca Hervé , Morère Alain , Menut Chantal
Published: February 2012

(R)‐(E)‐6,7‐Epoxyocimene, the major constituent of the essential oil from Plectranthus tenuicaulis, as well as the racemic (Z)‐isomer previously synthesized from commercial (Z)‐β‐ocimene were used as starting material for the synthesis of fragrant derivatives. Among the 14 compounds obtained from these precursors (alcohols, diols, diepoxy, sulfur and carbonyl derivatives), four were described for the first time and three were enantiomerically pure. All compounds were fully characterized by one‐ and two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance analysis as well as by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (electron ionization). Additionally, their odour properties were evaluated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High risk of non‐sentinel node metastases in a group of breast cancer patients with micrometastases in the sentinel node
Authors: Tvedskov Tove Filtenborg , Jensen Maj‐Britt , Lisse Ida Marie , Ejlertsen Bent , Balslev Eva , Kroman Niels
Published: February 2012

Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in breast cancer patients with positive sentinel nodes is under debate. We aimed to establish two models to predict non‐sentinel node (NSN) metastases in patients with micrometastases or isolated tumor cells (ITC) in sentinel nodes, to guide the decision for ALND. A total of 1,577 breast cancer patients with micrometastases and 304 with ITC in sentinel nodes, treated by sentinel lymph node dissection and ALND in 2002–2008 were identified in the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group database. Risk of NSN metastases was calculated according to clinicopathological variables in a logistic regression analysis. We identified tumor size, proportion of positive sentinel nodes, lymphovascular invasion, hormone receptor status and location of tumor in upper lateral quadrant of the breast as risk factors for NSN metastases in patients with micrometastases. A model based on these risk factors identified 5% of patients with a risk of NSN metastases on nearly 40%. The model was however unable to identify a subgroup of patients with a very low risk of NSN metastases. Among patients with ITC, we identified tumor size, age and proportion of positive sentinel nodes as risk factors. A model based on these risk factors identified 32% of patients with risk of NSN metastases on only 2%. Omission of ALND would be acceptable in this group of patients. In contrast, ALND may still be beneficial in the subgroup of patients with micrometastases and a high risk of NSN metastases.
Wnt and BMP signals control intestinal adenoma cell fates
Authors: Farrall Alexandra L. , Riemer Pamela , Leushacke Marc , Sreekumar Amulya , Grimm Christina , Herrmann Bernhard G. , Morkel Markus
Published: February 2012

Cellular hierarchies and signals that govern stemness and differentiation of intestinal adenoma cells are not well defined. In this study, we used organotypic culture to investigate the impact of β‐catenin and BMP signals in cells that form intestinal adenoma in the mouse. We found that activation of β‐catenin signaling by loss of APC or transgenic induction of oncogenic mutant β‐catenin (Ctnnb1mut) initiates the conversion of untransformed intestinal cells to tumor cells. These tumor cells display cancer stem cell (CSC) traits such as increased expression of the CSC markers Cd133 and Cd44, a high capacity for self‐renewal and unlimited proliferative potential. Subsequent inactivation of transgenic Ctnnb1mut results in the reversion of tumor cells to normal intestinal stem cells, which immediately reinstall the cellular hierarchy of the normal intestinal epithelium. Our data demonstrate that oncogenic activation of β‐catenin signaling initiates the early steps of intestinal cellular transformation in the absence of irreversible genetic or epigenetic changes. Interestingly, we found that tumor cells in culture and in adenoma produce BMP4, which counteracts CSC‐like traits by initiating irreversible cellular differentiation and loss of self‐renewal capacity. We conclude that the opposition of stemness‐maintaining oncogenic β‐catenin signals and autocrine differentiating BMP signals within the adenoma cell provides a rationale for the formation of cellular hierarchies in intestinal adenoma and may serve to limit adenoma growth.