bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How fever is defined in COVID-19 publications: a disturbing lack of precision
Authors: Grünebaum Amos , Chervenak Frank A. , McCullough Laurence B. , Dudenhausen Joachim W. , Bornstein Eran , Mackowiak Philip A.
Published: January 2021

Objectives

Fever is the single most frequently reported manifestation of COVID-19 and is a critical element of screening persons for COVID-19. The meaning of “fever” varies depending on the cutoff temperature used, the type of thermometer, the time of the day, the site of measurements, and the person’s gender and race. The absence of a universally accepted definition for fever has been especially problematic during the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

This investigation determined the extent to which fever is defined in COVID-19 publications, with special attention to those associated with pregnancy.

Results

Of 53 publications identified in which “fever” is reported as a manifestation of COVID-19 illness, none described the method used to measure patient’s temperatures. Only 10 (19%) publications specified the minimum temperature used to define a fever with values that varied from a 37.3 °C (99.1 °F) to 38.1 °C (100.6 °F).

Conclusions

There is a disturbing lack of precision in defining fever in COVID-19 publications. Given the many factors influencing temperature measurements in humans, there can never be a single, universally accepted temperature cut-off defining a fever. This clinical reality should not prevent precision in reporting fever. To achieve the precision and improve scientific and clinical communication, when fever is reported in clinical investigations, at a minimum the cut-off temperature used in determining the presence of fever, the anatomical site at which temperatures are taken, and the instrument used to measure temperatures should each be described. In the absence of such information, what is meant by the term “fever” is uncertain.
Gesture, prosody and verbal content in non-fluent aphasic speech
Authors: Ferré Gaëlle
Published: January 2021

Non-fluent aphasia is characterized by frequent word search and a much slower speech rate than non-aphasic speech. For patients with this type of aphasia, communication with those around them is therefore made difficult and is often severely impaired. One of the therapeutic proposals to improve the quality of life of these patients is to re-educate them with more multimodal alternatives. This of course assumes that gestures represent possible alternative means of communication for patients, and that their gestures are not affected in the same way as their speech. This article therefore proposes to study the gestures of 4 aphasic people and to compare them to the gestures performed by non-aphasic people, but also to establish correspondences between those gestures, intonation contours and the way people with aphasia develop their discourse. Results show that although gesture rate is not different in the two groups of participants, the gesture-to-speech ratio is higher for people with aphasia (PWA) than for non-aphasic people (NAP). Considering the fact that PWA also gesture more than NAP during silent pauses, which are longer but not more frequent than in NAP’s speech, and the fact that their gestures coincide less often with a lexical word, we believe that PWA use their gestures as compensation strategies for deficient speech. Yet, their speech impairment is also reflected in their gesturing: more gestures are prepared but abandoned before the stroke in this group and pre-stroke holds are longer, which means that PWA hold their gestures in the hope that they will better coincide with the word they are supposed to accompany and which takes more time to be uttered than in non-pathological speech. Their gestures are also less linked to each other than in the NAP group which goes hand in hand with the fact that they tend to utter independent syntactic phrases with no cohesive marker between them. This is also reflected in their less frequent use of flat and rising tones in intonation, which generally indicate that two sentence parts are dependent one upon the other, as well as their less frequent use of gestures showing discourse organization. In terms of gesture types, the PWA in this study perform many rhythmic beats and rely much on conventional gestures to compensate for their speech impairment rather than on their own creativity. Globally, this means that if multimodal therapies may benefit PWA to improve their communication with other people, speech therapists nevertheless need to be aware that life-long habits of gesture-speech alignment and synchronization may not be so easy to overcome for patients.
Transparent ultraviolet-shielding composite films made from dispersing pristine zinc oxide nanoparticles in low-density polyethylene
Authors: Cui Lina , Huang Canyi , Xia Hong , Qiu Yiping , Ni Qing-Qing
Published: January 2021

This work proposes an approach to fabricate flexible transparent ultraviolet (UV)-shielding membrane by casting method, which uniformly disperses pristine zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) in low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The critical conditions for film fabrication, such as casting temperature, LDPE concentration in the solution, dissolution time, NP concentration, and post hot press cooling processes, are systematically studied. It is found that the casting temperature needs to be close to the melting temperature of LDPE, namely, 115°C, so that transparent film formation without cracks can be guaranteed. NP agglomerates are suppressed if the polymer concentration is controlled below 6%. For good dispersion of NPs, LDPE has to be swelled or unentangled enough in the solution (close to 200 h dissolution time), and then the NP agglomerates can be diminished due to the diffusion of the NPs into the polymer gel (322 h dissolution time). When the NPs are well-dispersed in the LDPE film, the film can completely shield UV light while allowing high transmissivity for the visible light. As the concentration of NPs in the film increases from 4 to 6%, the transmissivity of the film decreases, the tensile strength increases, and the tensile failure strain decreases.
A comprehensive review of the influences of nanoparticles as a fuel additive in an internal combustion engine (ICE)
Authors: Yusof Siti Nurul Akmal , Sidik Nor Azwadi Che , Asako Yutaka , Japar Wan Mohd. Arif Aziz , Mohamed Saiful Bahri , Muhammad Nura Mu’az
Published: January 2021

Nanofluid is a colloidal mixture consisting of nano-sized particles dispersed in a liquid medium. It improves heat transfer properties and promotes high energy efficiency in a wide spectrum of engineering applications. In recent years, particularly in the automotive industry, the addition of nanofluid in diesel/biodiesel as an additive for ICE has become an attractive approach to promote enhanced combustion efficiency and emission reduction due to their superior thermophysical properties. Many researchers have previously demonstrated that the addition of nanoparticles in diesel/biodiesel fuel improved the overall engine combustion characteristics. As a whole, this study aims to summarize the recent research findings related to the effect of nanoparticles on the fuel properties and engine combustion efficiency. Furthermore, different types of additive blended with varying fuel properties are also compared and discussed. Lastly, the advantages and prospects of using nanofluid as an additive fuel are summarized for future research opportunities.
An optimal system of group-invariant solutions and conserved quantities of a nonlinear fifth-order integrable equation
Authors: Simbanefayi Innocent , Khalique Chaudry Masood
Published: January 2021

In this work, we perform Lie group analysis on a fifth-order integrable nonlinear partial differential equation, which was recently introduced in the literature and contains two dispersive terms. We determine a one-parameter group of transformations, an optimal system of group invariant solutions, and derive the corresponding analytic solutions. Topological kink, periodic and power series solutions are obtained. The existence of a variational principle for the underlying equation is proven using Helmholtz conditions and, thereafter, both local and nonlocal conserved quantities are obtained by utilising Noether’s theorem and a homotopy integral approach.
Energy equilibrium analysis in the effervescent atomization
Authors: Duan Runze , Feng Ziwei , Duan Hongbin , Qu Huiru , Tian Liting , Jia Wenqi , Baleta Jakov , Wang Enyu , Liu Liansheng , Tian Liang
Published: January 2021

In this paper, the flow characteristics and energy equilibrium analysis of the effervescent atomization had been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The effect of the gas–liquid rate (GLR from 0.04 to 0.15) on the atomization stability was revealed. When the GLR was small, the atomization was unstable. The atomization was gradually stable with an increase in the GLR. The optimal atomization region can be obtained. The Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of the droplets was measured by the phase Doppler analyzer. The SMD decreases with an increase in the GLR. The energy equilibrium analysis was investigated for the swirl atomizer theoretically and experimentally. The results show that the energy dissipation terms are mainly compressed gas expansion, liquid viscosity dissipation, and resistance losses. However, the ratio of the spray kinetic energy and the surface tension energy to the total energy is small.
Fundamental solutions for the long–short-wave interaction system
Authors: Inc Mustafa , Hassan Samia Zaki , Abdelrahman Mahmoud , Alomair Reem Abdalaziz , Chu Yu-Ming
Published: January 2021

In this article, the system for the long–short-wave interaction (LS) system is considered. In order to construct some new traveling wave solutions, He’s semi-inverse method is implemented. These solutions may be applicable for some physical environments, such as physics and fluid mechanics. These new solutions show that the proposed method is easy to apply and the proposed technique is a very powerful tool to solve many other nonlinear partial differential equations in applied science.
Root endophyte induced plant thermotolerance by constitutive chromatin modification at heat stress memory gene loci
Authors: Shekhawat Kirti , Saad Maged M , Sheikh Arsheed , Mariappan Kiruthiga , Al‐Mahmoudi Henda , Abdulhakim Fatimah , Eida Abdul Aziz , Jalal Rewaa , Masmoudi Khaled , Hirt Heribert
Published: January 2021

Global warming has become a critical challenge to food security, causing severe yield losses of major crops worldwide. Conventional and transgenic breeding strategies to enhance plant thermotolerance are laborious and expensive. Therefore, the use of beneficial microbes could be an alternative approach. Here, we report that the root endophyte Enterobacter sp. SA187 induces thermotolerance in wheat in the laboratory as well as in open‐field agriculture. To unravel the molecular mechanisms, we used Arabidopsis thaliana as model plant. SA187 reprogramed the Arabidopsis transcriptome via HSFA2‐dependent enhancement of H3K4me3 levels at heat stress memory gene loci. Unlike thermopriming, SA187‐induced thermotolerance is mediated by ethylene signaling via the transcription factor EIN3. In contrast to the transient chromatin modification by thermopriming, SA187 induces constitutive H3K4me3 modification of heat stress memory genes, generating robust thermotolerance in plants. Importantly, microbial community composition of wheat plants in open‐field agriculture is not influenced by SA187, indicating that beneficial microbes can be a powerful tool to enhance thermotolerance of crops in a sustainable manner.
Rural schools from its weaknesses to its strengths: current analysis
Authors:   Universitat de Lleida, González Agustín , Bernad Olga ,   Universitat de Lleida, López -Teulón María Paz ,   Universitat de Lleida, Llevot Núria ,   Universitat de Lleida, Marín Roger ,   Universitat de Lleida
Published: January 2021

Thanks to the joint struggle of rural teachers and other social agents, since the end of the 20th century, the reviled image of rural schools has been reversed and their potential has become evident, until they are now perceived as educational institutions of great value. This paper analyses the current situation of rural schools. Specifically, it aims to look in depth at its strengths and weaknesses, emphasising four aspects which stand out in previous studies: organisation of the school, teaching team, students, relationship with families and material resources. This is based on a set of in-depth interviews and a survey, carried out in the first phase of the project, aimed at 240 representatives of the management teams of the nursery, primary, compulsory secondary, secondary school and vocational training centres in the province of Lleida, of which 71 were rural schools. The quantitative results, limited to schools located in rural environments and analysed in this study, show that the rural school is full of potential thanks largely to an organisation that makes the most of limited resources and makes it possible to create better coordinated working environments. The involvement of families is also highlighted and a very positive view of the school climate and good coexistence in rural schools is detected, an issue that has not been identified in recent scientific literature on this type of centre.
Atrial fibrillation in patients treated with intravenous zoledronic or pamidronic acid: a pharmacoepidemiological study
Authors: Pijnenburg Luc , Salem Joe-Elie , Lebrun-Vignes Bénédicte , Sibilia Jean , Javier Rose-Marie , Arnaud Laurent
Published: January 2021

Objective

Atrial fibrillation (AF) may be triggered by intravenous bisphosphonates (IVBPs) such as zoledronic acid or pamidronic acid. Our objective was to confirm the association between AF and IVBPs in a real-life large pharmacovigilance database.

Design

A systematic analysis of VigiBase, the World Health Organization's pharmacovigilance database.

Methods

Analysis of adverse events reported as ‘atrial fibrillation’ (according to the Medical Dictionary for Drug Regulatory Activities) associated with the use of zoledronic acid or pamidronic acid, in VigiBase, the World Health Organization's global Individual Case Safety Report (ICSR) database. All ICSRs reporting AF associated with zoledronic acid or pamidronic acid were included in a disproportionality analysis determining the lower end of the 95% credibility interval for the information component (IC025), showing a statistical association when >0.

Results

530 ICSRs reporting on the association between AF and IVBPs were extracted. Bayesian disproportionality analysis detected a significant association between AF and use of zoledronic acid (IC025 = 1.83) and pamidronic acid (IC025 = 2.16). Further analysis of these ICSRs determined that AF was severe in 85.0% of cases and with a mortality of 17.7%. The risk of severe AF was increased (OR: 2.98 (95% CI: 1.17–7.57), P = 0.02) following zoledronic acid vs pamidronic acid, after adjustment for age and gender.

Conclusions

This is the first VigiBase pharmacoepidemiological study confirming the association between IVBPs and AF. Most AF were severe, with a high frequency of lethal outcome. The risk of severe AF was increased following zoledronic acid use compared to pamidronic acid, advocating for a cautious use of IVBPs.
Segunda parte. Experiencias locales en medio ambiente y sostenibilidad. Capítulo 7. El impacto del sector minero energético en el desarrollo social de las regiones: en caso del Catatumbo, Colombia
Authors: Amanda Vargas Prieto , Javier García Estévez
Published: January 2021

En un escenario de post acuerdo y construcción de paz territorial, se hace necesario re-pensar el territorio en Colombia. De esta manera, nuevas posibilidades se abren al desarrollo productivo del país. Sin embargo, es necesario revisar la pertinencia de estas nuevas posibilidades. Una de las regiones más afectadas por el conflicto armado es el Catatumbo, región ubicada en el departamento del Norte de Santander, comparte zona fronteriza con Venezuela, está compuesta por valles y zonas montañosas y comprende once municipios, que son: El Carmen, Convención, Teorama, El Tarra, Hacarí, Ocaña, San Calixto, Sardinata, La Playa, Abrego y Tibú. Es una región de gran diversidad biológica e hídrica, tiene capacidad agropecuaria e importantes reservas de petróleo, carbón, oro y uranio. En este territorio se encuentra el Parque Nacional Natural Catatumbo – Barí, el Área Natural única Los Estoraques en la Playa, la Zona de Reserva Forestal Los Motilones y se ubican dos resguardos indígenas de la etnia Motilón Barí y Barí Catalaura.
Effects of heat treatment on some characteristics of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood
Authors: Durmaz Ekrem , Ucuncu Tutku , Karamanoglu Mehmet , Kaymakci Alperen
Published: January 2021

Heat treatment of wood materials is generally performed to improve the physical, mechanical, chemical, surface, thermal, and crystallinity characteristics. In this way, the usage areas of wood material in different purposes can be expanded by means of heat treatment. The goal of this study was to determine the physical, mechanical, chemical, crystallinity, and surface properties of heat-treated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood. The test samples were heat-treated at 120 °C, 150 °C, 180 °C, and 210 °C for 4 and 6 h in a laboratory-scale oven. The shrinking and swelling chracteristics of wood was decreased as a function of heat treatment processes. Bending strength, compression strength, and modulus of elasticity decreased. In addition, lignin ratios and crystallinity index increased as temperature and duration of the treatment were increased. Consequently, heat-treated wood materials can be used in various areas by developing some of their properties.
Emotion or Reason? Heart as a Container in English and Lithuanian
Authors: Šeškauskienė Inesa
Published: January 2021

Body part lexemes are among the most frequently metaphorised lexemes across languages and cultures. Heart is often conceptualised as a container for feelings and emotions, especially in Western languages and cultures. The paper sets out to examine a typical construction signalling the image schema of heart as a container: in the/my/his/ her heart in English and šird-yje (heart-loc.sg) in Lithuanian to determine the relevance of the image schema for the semantics of the above construction, especially in reference to emotions and feelings. Also types of containers in each language are identified. The investigation is based on corpus data and the key principles of metaphor identification procedure. The results demonstrate that the construction is mostly used metaphorically in both languages and the container image schema is paramount in interpreting the semantics of the construction. It is employed in at least three senses: container for emotions and feelings, centrality and hiding. However, the distribution of the senses in the two languages is quite different with Lithuanian showing more adherence to the metaphor of a container for emotions and feelings and English giving preference to heart as centre of activity and attraction.
Collocations in Academic Language in German and Danish
Authors: Simonsen Irene
Published: January 2021

This study compares the collocational use of the different word forms of five roots of academic language in German and Danish, considered essential for the realization of obligatory moves in the academic abstract, namely *analy*, *untersuch*/*undersøg*, *method*/*metod*, *theor*/*teor* and *empiri*. The aim of the comparison is to uncover differences and similarities in the expert norm of the two languages in order to gain insights that may help to inform the teaching of German-speaking students who must learn written standard Danish as part of their studies in Denmark. The study places special emphasis on the topic of variation, since variation reflects interculturally different uses of language specifically and is a major theme in academic language in general. The frequency and distribution of the five roots as verb, noun and adjective are compared in the collocations: noun + verb, verb + noun, adjective + noun in a study of two corpora of 100 dissertation abstracts from each of the two languages (approx.145.000 tokens), using the Word Sketch function of the corpus tool Sketch Engine. The LogDice measure has been used to identify the collocations, and variation is operationalized as the type-token ratio, computed for each syntactic relation. The results show general differences between the two languages. The use of different collocations with word forms from the five word families is greater in academic language in German than in Danish, despite a very similar distribution of the collocations in the languages and despite higher frequencies in Danish.  The collocational use of the words in Danish therefore seems to be less varied and more restricted than in academic language in German.
Empresas Mais Sustentáveis Gerenciam Menos Os Seus Resultados? Um Estudo Em Empresas Brasileiras De Capital Aberto
Authors: Carr Quirós Dannie Delanoy , Peixoto Fernanda Maciel , Maestri Claudia Olímpia Neves Mamede
Published: January 2021

A literatura aponta que as empresas com boas práticas de sustentabilidade apresentam melhores características financeiras e de mercado. A sustentabilidade tem sido amplamente adotada nas empresas ao redor do mundo para satisfazer o desejo dos acionistas por uma maior transparência (SIEW, 2015). Uma forma de se medir a transparência das firmas é por meio do gerenciamento de resultados (MARTINEZ, 2008). Segundo Bona-Sánchez, Pérez-Alemán e Santana-Martin (2017) existe uma relação positiva entre sustentabilidade e divulgação de informação contábil, o que faz com que empresas sustentáveis tendam a gerenciar menos os seus resultados (KIM; PARK; WIER, 2012). Considerando este contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a relação entre a sustentabilidade empresarial e o gerenciamento de resultados. Para isto, foram desenvolvidos testes e regressões para empresas brasileiras de capital aberto no período de 2010 a 2017, utilizando diferentes formas de mensurar o gerenciamento de resultados. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que não há uma relação entre sustentabilidade empresarial e gerenciamento de resultados. Porém foi encontrada uma relação significante entre gerenciamento de resultados e tamanho da firma.
Avaliação das práticas de Tecnologia da Informação Verde em uma indústria de adubos, fertilizantes e produtos plásticos da cidade de Cascavel-Paraná
Authors: Zanuto de Freitas Ingrid , Debastiani Solange Maria , Oliveira Meireles Belquis , Stocker Lago Sandra Mara
Published: January 2021

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização de práticas de tecnologia da informação verde em uma indústria de adubos, fertilizantes e produtos plásticos da cidade de Cascavel-PR. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, bibliográfica e de levantamento com método quantitativo, em qual foram aplicados questionários para a gestora do setor de TI da empresa e demais gestores e funcionários da divisão administrativo-financeira, adaptados do estudo de Lunardi, Alves e Salles (2014), Lunardi, Simões e Frio (2014) e outros estudos sobre sustentabilidade e TI. Mesmo com boas práticas em relação à TI verde mostradas na avaliação, pôde-se verificar que o baixo conhecimento sobre o tema TI verde de ambas as partes influencia no fato da organização não estar explorando todos os aspectos que a TI verde propõe, e também no fato da organização poder não estar implementando e desenvolvendo as práticas mais eficazes e que mais se adéquam ao seu negócio, o que pode causar desperdício de dinheiro e recursos. Conclui-se que se o tema TI verde for inserido de forma efetiva no setor de TI da organização, será possível elaborar políticas, ações e estratégias bem definidas e promover o comprometimento de todos, fazendo com que a organização possa contemplar ao mesmo tempo os benefícios ambientais, sociais e econômicos para o empreendimento.
FLAVONOL GLYCOSIDES FROM THE LEAVES OF FISSISTIGMA PALLENS (FIN. & GAGN.) MERR.
Authors: Xuân Nhiệm Nguyễn
Published: January 2021

Using combined chromatographic methods, five flavonol glycoside compounds including: kaempferol 3-rutinoside (1), rutin (2), kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-galactopyranoside (3), isorhamnetin 3-robinobioside (4), and kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranoside (5) were isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of Fissistigma pallens (Fin. & Gagn.) Merr. Their chemical structures were determined using NMR spectra as well as in comparison with the reported data.
SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND CONTRIBUTION OF PARTICLES FROM RICE STRAW OPEN BURNING TO THE ATMOSPHERE IN HANOI
Authors: Pham Thuy Chau
Published: January 2021

Atmospheric ultrafine, accumulation mode and coarse fractions collected at representative rice straw open burning areas in Hanoi were investigated to identify characteristics of size distribution and contribution of particles emitted from rice straw (RS) burning season to the atmosphere. The sampling was conducted in two episodes: RS burning episode and RS non-burning episode at Dong Anh and Quoc Oai, in seven consecutive days for each sampling campaign from 2018 to 2019. In the RS burning episode, PM1-2.5 showed the highest fraction among all collected particles in both sampling sites, while PM2.5-10 was the most abundant in RS non-burning season. The average mass concentration of PM2.5 in RS burning period and RS non-burning period were 79.7  46.5 g m-3 and 65.2  21.9 g m-3, respectively at Dong Anh sampling site. Those values were 90.9  33.2 g m-3  in the QO_RS burning site and 71.9  29.3 g m-3  in the TM_RS non-burning site. The proportion of fine particle (PM2.5) at both sites were considerable higher in RS burning period as compared to non-burning period, while the concentration of ultrafineparticle (PM0.1) and coarse particle (PM>10m) were similar between two episodes. This result provides better understanding on size distribution and contribution of fine particles from open RS burning to the atmosphere in Hanoi, which is an useful information for the environmental managers to control RS open burning in Hanoi as well as in Vietnam.
Indoor and outdoor relationships of particle with different sizes in an apartment in Hanoi: mass concentration and respiratory dose estimation
Authors: Ha Vo Thi Le , Anh Van Dieu , Hien Nguyen Thi Thu , Dung Nghiem Trung , Simada Yoko , Yoneda Minoru
Published: January 2021

This paper presents data on the size characterization concentration of PM0.1, PM0.5, PM1, PM2.5, PM10, TSP in indoor and outdoor air of a residential apartment in two seasons (winter and summer) in Hanoi, Vietnam. These particles with different sizes were taken by 5 stage impactors (Nano sampler 3182, KINOMAX). Daily average concentrations of coarse particles (PM10) and fine particles (PM2.5) indoors and outdoors exceeded the WHO recommended values. In winter, the concentrations of PM0.5, PM1, PM2.5 and PM10, TSP are higher than in summer. However, concentrations of PM0.1 (NP) remains negligible change between two seasons. The indoor NP accounts about 17% and 8 % of fine particle (PM2.5) and 12 % and 7% of coarse particle (PM10) in winter and summer, respectively.  The indoor fraction for small sizes (NP, PM0.5, PM1 and PM2.5) have better infiltration than coarse sizes (PM10  and TSP), except for NP in summer. Moderate correlation between wind speed  (Ws) and PM concentration are found, whereas precipitation (Pr), Relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T) correlate with concentration with different sizes are determined. Strong correlations between particles with different sizes are also found in indoors and outdoors (r = 0.73-0.98). Household activities like cooking, cleaning and vacuum cleaner are attributed to elevate the indoor NP. The Monte Carlo simulation shows that highest estimated dose is observed in the age group (over 60 years) and age group (0-3 years) suffers the lowest dose, which has implications in the adverse health effects for sensitive groups. Sensitive analysis find the concentration of particles to be the most influencing factor on inhalation dose estimation.
El Monasterio de Yuste y el retiro de Carlos V en las guías de viajes de Volkmann y Baedeker
Authors:   Universidad de Extremadura, Corbacho Sánchez Alfonso
Published: January 2021

Neueste Reisen durch Spanien de Johann Jacob Volkmann y Spanien und Portugal de Karl Baedeker dan fe, paradójicamente, de la relevancia de la información proporcionada por los escritores viajeros de la generación anterior que visitaron el Monasterio de Yuste, movidos, sobre todo, por el interés y la fascinación que suscitó este lugar como retiro de Carlos V. En efecto, aunque ninguno de estos dos autores parece haber pisado tierra española ambos incorporaron en sus guías para viajeros por España información detallada y precisa, facilitada por esos visitantes ilustrados de la generación precedente. Prueba de ello es el cúmulo de datos que Volkmann debe a las Travels through Spain de John Talbot Dillon. Volkmann y Baedeker saben cómo seleccionar y divulgar lo que el público lector y los visitantes potenciales de su propia generación más valorarían del legado de esos escritores ilustrados. También saben cómo añadir material de su propia cosecha cuando estiman que sería del gusto de sus lectores. Así, basándose únicamente en descripciones geográficas de La Vera, a menudo hacen valoraciones y emiten juicios sobre sus paisajes y entorno que responden mucho más a los gustos que han traído el movimiento literario del Sturm und Drang y las tendencias románticas y prerrománticas que a los principios estéticos y al credo estético de la Ilustración
La concepción romántica del arte literario: "El Miserere" de Bécquer
Authors:   Universidad de Almería, Núñez Molina Gabriel
Published: January 2021

En este ensayo abordamos el estudio de El Miserere, de Bécquer, como una muestra de lo que fue en su tiempo la concepción romántica de la literatura. Con tal fin, procedemos, en primer lugar, a contextualizar la escritura de Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer mediante su inserción en la España y en el Madrid de mediados del siglo XIX; para a continuación explicar dicha leyenda imbricándola en algunas de las coordenadas ideológicas del romanticismo español: la imagen del sueño de Adán o la ideología de la música, entre otras
Reação de genótipos do gênero Psidium spp. a Meloidogyne enterolobii
Authors: Cavalcanti Junior Edilton de Albuquerque , Moraes Filho Rômulo Maciel de , Rossiter Jackeline Gadé de Araujo , Montarroyos Angélica Virginia Valois , Musser Rosimar dos Santos , Martins Luiza Suely Semen
Published: January 2021

RESUMO A cultura da goiabeira tem sido severamente atacada pelo fitonematóide Meloidogyne enterolobii (Sin.: M. mayaguensis), que tem causado drástica redução de produtividade e, em alguns casos, até morte de todas as árvores do pomar cultivado. Devido à sua ampla gama de potenciais hospedeiros e fácil disseminação, M. enterolobii representa um perigo constante e tem se mostrado um dos maiores limitantes para o cultivo da goiabeira no Nordeste brasileiro. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar a reação de genótipos de goiabeira e araçazeiro ao parasitismo de M. enterolobii em condições de casa de vegetação. Foram avaliados 44 genótipos de araçazeiros oriundos de populações naturais do Estado de Pernambuco e seis genótipos de goiabeiras. Os genótipos foram avaliados segundo os seguintes parâmetros: índice de galhas (IG), fator de reprodução (FR), número de ovos por grama de raiz (OGR) e redução do fator de reprodução (RFR). Considerando os critérios avaliados, os genótipos de araçazeiros REC-DI-A02 e REC-DI-A04 alcançaram os melhores resultados, podendo ser indicados como fonte de resistência à M. enterolobii e também como genótipos promissores para testes de enxertia em goiabeira.
Terapia fotodinâmica no controle de Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in vitro e no tratamento de sementes de canola naturalmente contaminadas
Authors: Zancan Nayara Lima Baute , Tebaldi Nilvanira Donizete
Published: January 2021

RESUMO A cultura da canola (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) foi recentemente introduzida na região do Triângulo Mineiro e Alta Paranaíba, MG. A podridão negra causada pela bactéria Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) é uma das principais doenças da cultura. A bactéria é disseminada pelas sementes e métodos alternativos de controle devem ser avaliados. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso da terapia fotodinâmica, com os corantes Azul de Metileno (AM) e Azul de Toluidina (AT), sob à irradiação, na inibição do crescimento de Xcc in vitro e no tratamento de sementes de canola naturalmente contaminadas com a bactéria. A suspensão bacteriana de Xcc foi tratada com os corantes AM, AT e associação deles (AM+AT) nas concentrações 25, 50 e 100 µmol L-1, irradiadas ou não, e cultivada em meio de cultura, em seguida foi avaliado o número de unidades formadoras de colônias. Sementes de três genótipos de canola foram tratadas com NaCl 0,45% (Testemunha), AM, AT e AM+AT, nas concentrações 100, 50 e 25 µmol L-1, respectivamente, irradiadas ou não. A porcentagem de germinação das sementes, índice de velocidade de emergência, porcentagem de emergência de plântulas e o controle da bactéria nas sementes foram avaliados. Os corantes AM, AT e AM+AT, nas concentrações 100, 50 e 25 µmol L-1 respectivamente, sob irradiação inibiram o crescimento de Xcc in vitro. A combinação dos corantes AM+AT a 25 µmol L-1 pode ser utilizada no tratamento das sementes de canola. O controle da bactéria Xcc em sementes de canola naturalmente contaminada não foi possível ser determinada com os diferentes corantes.
Danos na cultura do milho em função da redução de área foliar por desfolha artificial e por doenças
Authors: Silva Roger Santos , Campos Hercules Diniz , Ribeiro Lilianne Martins , Braz Guilherme Braga Pereira , Magalhães Wanderson Brito , Bueno Jane Nunes
Published: January 2021

RESUMO Danos causados por doenças que ocorrem durante os estádios vegetativos no milho resultam em redução do rendimento de grãos, e o controle químico é uma das estratégias que possibilita a redução dos danos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi quantificar o dano em milho em função da redução da área foliar causada pelo complexo de doenças, associando ou não a remoção de folhas em diferentes posições da planta. O experimento foi conduzido no campo, no delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e tratamentos dispostos em arranjo fatorial 10 x 3. O primeiro fator correspondeu a associação de dois fungicidas em diferentes doses, combinados com desfolhas artificiais realizadas nas plantas no momento da primeira aplicação. O segundo fator consistiu em diferentes estádios de aplicação (VT, R1 e R2). O híbrido utilizado foi o Fórmula TL®, suscetível à cercosporiose, ferrugem polissora e mancha-branca. Foi avaliado o progresso das doenças, índice de área foliar e o rendimentos de grãos. Aplicações preventivas (estádio fenológico VT) de fungicidas, independentemente da remoção de folhas na planta, proporcionou menor progresso das doenças e menores danos. Maiores valores significativo de massa de grãos e produtividade foram obtidos com uso de fungicidas sem a remoção de folhas, independentemente do estádio fenológico da aplicação.
Characterization of Alternaria isolates causing leaf spots in radish in Brazil
Authors: Cabral Cléia Santos , Barboza Elenice Alves , Lopes Luiz Henrique Rocha , Rossato Maurício , Borges Rafaela Cristina Ferreira , Reis Ailton
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Alternaria japonica Yoshii, an important cruciferous phytopathogenic fungus, has been identified in radish plants showing symptoms of necrotic spots with chlorotic halos. The samples were collected from the cities of Brasília-DF and Guaraciaba do Norte-CE, Brazil. The isolates are deposited in the collection of fungi and oomycetes of “Embrapa Hortaliças”. Using the concept of morphological and phylogenetic species, two isolates were selected (EH-945 and EH-1379) for identification. Through the evaluation of morphological markers, the isolates were concluded to be similar to A. japonica. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the isolates grouped with A. japonica reference isolates ATCC 13618 and CBS 118390. To complete Koch’s postulates, radish, arugula, mustard and turnip plants were inoculated. All species showed symptoms similar to those originally reported in the field (except for non-inoculated controls) seven to 12 days after inoculation. The isolates obtained from symptomatic plants showed morphological characteristics identical to those of the pathogen. This is the first report of radish as a host of A. japonica in Brazil.
(SEMI)FORMAÇÃO NO CONTEXTO DAS FAKE NEWS E DA PÓS-VERDADE NA SOCIEDADE EXCITADA - DE ADORNO A TÜRCKE
Authors: LOUREIRO ROBSON , GONÇALVES EMERSON CAMPOS
Published: January 2021

RESUMO: Este artigo problematiza o fenômeno relativo à produção e ao consumo de notícias falsas - fake news - no horizonte da crítica à indústria cultural e à Sociedade Excitada na “era da pós-verdade”, em que parte considerável das pessoas vicia-se tanto no consumo de estímulos imagéticos como na transmissão ininterrupta de mensagens audiovisuais. A hipótese da pesquisa sustenta que a lógica do mercado avança sobre o labor jornalístico, invade o âmbito privado da vida e institucionaliza, como ethos aceitável, a [re]produção de uma existência fake que faz par e nutre-se na semiformação - Halbbildung. O vigor da análise aposta na reatualização do conceito de formação - Bildung, no âmbito da educação escolar, capaz de contribuir para ampliar a compreensão sobre a lógica de funcionamento da máquina produtora de doses, cada vez mais viciantes, de choques visuais que excitam, entorpecem, minam os sentidos e a capacidade de crítica e autocrítica dos indivíduos.
A Dinâmica Relacional na Consulta Pediátrica como Vivência Pedagógica
Authors: Franco Selma Cristina , Rivorêdo Carlos Roberto Soares Freire de , Keiralla Dayse Maria Borges , Chacra Fernando Cesar
Published: January 2021

Resumo: A constatação da inadequação na formação médica suscitou a institucionalização de discussões sobre avaliação nas escolas médicas em nosso país. O reconhecimento da necessidade de buscar instrumentos metodológicos adequados para avaliar aspectos interrelacionais na prática médica e no processo formativo de estudantes de medicina levou à criação de uma atividade grupal, na qual estes conteúdos foram trabalhados. Foram realizadas reuniões semanais com internos e residentes de pediatria, usando grupo focal com técnicas de dramatização segundo uma abordagem pedagógica. Ao final, os estudantes produziram relatos escritos descrevendo e avaliando a atividade. Esta pesquisa é fruto da análise qualitativa destes relatos. Sentimentos e ações do cuidado à saúde na prática clínica pediátrica emergiam e os temas mais frequentes foram: relações hierárquicas, limitações pessoais, onipotência, papéis profissionais, competência, experiências, conhecimento científico, senso comum e racionalidade. Esta análise teve finalidade pedagógica e avaliativa, possibilitando compreender aspectos fundamentais do ensino e do ambiente acadêmico institucional da escola médica.
Médicos Migrantes e a Formação Profissional: um retrato Brasileiro
Authors: Pinto Luiz Felipe , Machado Maria Helena
Published: January 2021

Resumo: A migração é um fenômeno marcadamente econômico-social com efeitos na sociedade moderna, relacionando-se com diferentes eventos históricos. Este trabalho aborda a questão da migração profissional médica. A hipótese central é que a área de atuação médica define o deslocamento. Focalizando-se os que migram do local de sua formação básica (graduação) em busca de especialização -os chamados médicos 'migrantes segundo a formação' -, a variável principal da análise foi a especialidade escolhida no programa de residência. Para isso, utilizou-se o banco de dados da pesquisa 'Perfil dos Médicos no Brasil' e seguiu-se a metodologia adotada, que caminhou no sentido Brasil/regiões/estados, com a redefinição da subpopulação-alvo de interesse para o estudo. Médicos recém-formados de ambos os sexos migram para cursar algum programa de residência em área de interesse profissional. Qual o caminho percorrido? Qual o estado/região que recebe a maior parte dos fluxos migratórios? O trabalho envolveu, ao final, a descrição das correntes de formação profissional observadas em cada uma das regiões brasileiras.
Evaluation of frost damage on high-belite cement concrete based on Vickers hardness and ultrasonic theory
Authors: Jiang Chunmeng , Jiang Linhua , Tang Xinjun , Li Shuangxi , Chu Hongqiang , Gong Jingwei
Published: January 2021

High-belite cement (HBC) is increasingly used in hydraulic concrete, of which the frost resistance is an important index in cold climatic areas. In the present study, the mass loss, dynamic modulus, cube compressive strength, micro-morphology and pore characteristic parameters of HBC concrete and reference specimens were investigated under freezing and thawing, and their internal frost damages were quantified by micro-Vickers hardness and ultrasonic theory. Test results showed that the frost resistance of HBC concrete was similar to that of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete under the same proportioning, and that their freeze–thaw failure was a continuous and asynchronous process of both surface-to-interior damage and overall deterioration caused by the test mechanism and specimen size. Service life of concrete could be calculated through the thickness of the damaged layer obtained by ultrasonic theory, and models of Vickers hardness distribution and compressive strength prediction based on equivalent Vickers hardness were proposed to evaluate the performance of frozen concrete with high accuracy. This potentially provides a better understanding of freeze–thaw damage and a reference for the popularisation and application of HBC concrete.
Soil–structure interaction effect on seismic response of controlled asymmetric buildings
Authors: Panchanan Shuvadeep , Banerjee Swagata , Jangid Radhey Shyam , Kumar Praveen
Published: January 2021

Lateral torsional coupling of asymmetric buildings governs their seismic response. Other than building eccentricity, the extent of this impact depends on the interaction of the building foundation with the surrounding soil – soil–structure interaction (SSI). This study investigates the seismic response of a representative asymmetric building, equipped with semi-active dampers, by accounting for the effect of SSI. Two semi-active damping schemes – friction-type and two-step viscous – are considered and their relative efficiencies are measured when compared with passive dampers. All analyses, including building eccentricity, SSI and dampers, are performed under ten earthquakes with different characteristics and peak intensities. Results obtained imply that SSI can have a significant impact on the lateral torsional coupling of the building if not realistically considered, and thus can greatly influence the seismic response of an asymmetric building. Comparative assessment between semi-active and passive dampers, with respective optimal damping parameters and placement, reveals the superiority of friction-type dampers over the others in reducing the response of the asymmetric building during seismic shaking. Nevertheless, all dampers are found to be efficient in regulating the seismic response of the asymmetric building–SSI system by lowering the adverse effect of lateral torsional coupling on the seismic response of the building.
CONSERVATION AREA «KURUMBEL STEPPE» (PRAIRIE)
Authors:   Omsk Regional Branch of the Russian Geographical Society, Nefedov A.A.
Published: January 2021

In the focus of present investigation was the area called «Kurumbel steppe» (prairie) which is spread. It is situated between the Irtysh river and lake Chany. To maintain the unique ecosystem of these West-Siberian steppes (prairies), their efficient and economically feasible usage a number of campaigns were suggested.
CRITERIA OF SEEDLING COLONIZATION IN SIBERIAN STONE PINE FORESTS IN TOMSK OBLAST
Authors:   Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pats E.N.
Published: January 2021

The current state of reforestation of Siberian stone pine stands in the near-village Siberian stone pine forests in Tomsk Oblast is given by criteria of dark coniferous seedling colonization. Structure of the natural regeneration is very diverse and quite specific.
MODERN APPROACHES TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS IN WESTERN SIBERIA AND ALTAI KRAI
Authors:   Altai State University (Barnaul, Russia), Rotanova I.N. , Kharlamova N.F. ,   Altai State University (Barnaul, Russian Federation), Selezneva E.V. ,   Altai State University (Barnaul, Russian Federation)
Published: January 2021

Approaches to improving environmental protection in Siberia and the Altai Krai are considered. The paper substantiates the proposal to create a regional (Siberian) network (system) of specially protected areas using an ecological framework approach; the need to form a unified methodological base on the principles of forming regional networks (systems) of protected areas; about the development of a protected area Scheme in the Altai Krai based on modern environmental concepts and approaches: continuity of conservation, landscape approach.
PROTECTION OF FORESTS OF HIGH ENVIRONMENTAL VALUE IN THE PRICHULIMSKY TAIGA OF THE TOMSK REGION DURING FOREST HARVESTING
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Khasanova E.Kh. , Yablochkina N.L. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Novikov А.V. ,   LLC "Sibirles" (Zyryanskoye, Tomsk region, Russian Federation)
Published: January 2021

The article presents an example of the conservation of high conservation value forests under the international certification system of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) in Prichulymsky taiga of the Tomsk region. Such forests and forest areas with places of concentration of rare species of animals, plants and valuable tree species require systematic monitoring and special attention when conducting forestry activities.
SPECIALLY PROTECTED TERRITORIES OF THE REPUBLIC BASHKORTOSTAN
Authors:   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Yamgursina A.I. , Nasyrova E.S. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Elizaryev A.N. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University
Published: January 2021

The paper analyzes specially protected areas of Republic Bashkortostan. Special attention is paid to nature reserves and their importance.
METEOROLOGICAL AND PHENOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS IN THE TIGIREK STRICT RESERVE
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Institution ", Bykov N.I. ,   State nature reserve ",   Tigirekskij",   Institute for Water and Environmental Problems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sabaev A.A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution "State nature reserve "Tigirekskij"; Institute for Water and Environmental Problems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Davydov E.A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution "State nature reserve "Tigirekskij"; Altai State University (Barnaul, Russia), Bochkareva E.N. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution "State nature reserve "Tigirekskij"; Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk, Russia)
Published: January 2021

The report presents the results of air temperature measurements from 2011 to 2019 at automatic weather stations Tigirek and Babiy Klyuch, located within the Tigirek strict reserve, and the results of phenological observations for 2003–2018.
EVALUATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF LAKE OF THE GALICHIAN KOSTROM REGION BY THE CONDITION OF THE COASTAL WATER VEGETATION
Authors:   Nekrasov Kostroma State University (Kostroma, Russia), Dyukova A.S. , Evgrafova A.B. ,   Nekrasov Kostroma State University (Kostroma, Russia), Tretiakova A.A. ,   Nekrasov Kostroma State University (Kostroma, Russia)
Published: January 2021

Data on the diversity of coastal and aquatic vegetation of Lake Galich in the Kostroma region are presented. An assessment of the ecological state of the lake is given based on indicator plant species and the state of coastal water vegetation.