bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality attributes of garden strawberry fruits and breeding for their improvement
Authors: Marchenko L. A.
Published: December 2022

Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign literary sources the information about the main quality attributes of garden strawberry fruits (large fruit size, hardness or firmness of fruits, biochemical composition) and breeding possibilities of their improvement at the present stage of breeding is summarized. Quality characteristics of garden strawberries are differentiated by groups: commercial, consumer, biochemical, physical and mechanical, technological. When growing garden strawberries for fresh consumption, the following large-fruited varieties were identified: Clery (Italy), Florence (UK), Alba (Italy), Roxana (Italy), Vima Xima (Netherlands), Vima Tarda (Netherlands), Vima Kimberly (Netherlands), Maya (Italy), San Andreas (USA), Taira, Nelly, Kemiya, Elegy, Alpha, Bereginya, Tsaritsa, Krymchanka 87, Arossa, Zarya, Krymskaya rannaya, Uniol, Jantarnaja. The trait of fruit hardness refers to the technological characteristics, but it also depends on the appearance of fruits during harvesting and transportation, which determines the commercial appearance. The following varieties have a high degree of fruit hardness: Tsaritsa, Surprise olympics, Rubinovy kulon, Feyerverk, Aquarelle, Alina, Nelli, Induka (Netherlands), Clery, Darselect (France), Tenira (Netherlands), Selekta (Canada), Polka (Netherlands), Irma (Italy), Alba, Asia (Italy), Syria (Italy), Onda (Italy), Vivaldi (Netherlands). Strawberry fruits are characterized by a unique composition of biologically active compounds that determine the nutritional value of the crop as a source of dietary and therapeutic and preventive nutrition. Studies indicate a predominant role of genotype in the accumulation of antioxidants in garden strawberry fruits, as well as the influence of growing conditions on the realization of the genetic potential of the varieties. Due to the development of cultivation technologies and the expansion of knowledge about the nutraceutical value of garden strawberries, improving the quality of fruits has become one of the priority objectives of breeding programs around the world. To increase the level of fruit quality traits in garden strawberry, the greatest effect can be achieved by using the original forms with proven donor properties on these traits in breeding.
Teaching Vocabulary through Total Physical Response to Elementary Students
Authors: Setiawan Deni , Nurhajati Diani , Sulistyani Sulistyani
Published: December 2022

Vocabulary is an important language component to be learned by English language learners. It should be taught since early age, especially to elementary students. Teaching English vocabulary, especially to elementary students, required effective and interesting method that suits with children’s learning characteristics. Children understand something through what they see, listen, and do. Therefore, English teachers should select the suitable method that is child-friendly. One of the ways to teach vocabulary is through Total Physical Response (TPR) method. This study was descriptive qualitative research to describe teaching material, teacher’s roles and teaching stage in the implementation of TPR to teach vocabulary to elementary students The subject of this study was the English teacher who taught the elementary students. The data were obtained from observation during the teaching and learning process, interview to the subjects and document analysis. The findings revealed that the teaching material used by the teacher was correlated and suited with the students’ daily life. The teacher has several roles, namely as a planner, a director, a model, and an assessor. The stages of teaching vocabulary were pre-teaching, whilst-teaching and post-teaching. The teacher used varied classroom activities such as singing, listen and do, game and dialog. In the end, the teacher conducted a test to measure the students’ comprehension.
Successful treatment of an adolescent patient with acute subclavian vein occlusion using the Cleaner thrombectomy device
Authors: İştar Hande , Sevük Utkan
Published: December 2022

Paget-Schroetter Syndrome is a rare condition characterized by the thrombosis of the axillary and/or subclavian vein due to repetitive activity of the upper extremity. This effect results in exertion-induced deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the upper extremity. In the literature, it has been reported more frequently among the adult population. We aimed to introduce a 15-year-old female patient who suffered an acute DVT of the left upper extremity, and her successful treatment using the Cleaner thrombectomy device.
THE IMPACT OF RTE ACT-2009 ON WEST BENGAL’S RURAL UPPER PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Singha Achintya
Published: December 2022

Role of RTE Act-2009 in school education has been studied in this article. The author collected feedback from students and teachers about implementation of RTE Act-2009 in school. Throughout the article the author try to collection data through formation of questionnaire via Google form. After based on feedbacks the author decided that RTE Act-2009 played an important role in school education system.
Remanding Justice for the Innocent
Authors: Webster Cheryl Marie
Published: December 2022

Historically, the literature on wrongful convictions has focused on a relatively small number of high-profile exonerations of convictions for serious crimes. However, these cases represent only a small percentage of the total number of wrongful convictions. An emerging area of scholarship is expanding our understanding of their prevalence, by looking at the role that systemic and structural pressures have had on the choice of factually innocent defendants to enter false guilty pleas (FGPs). Plea bargaining – particularly presenting defendants in low-level criminal cases with “offers that they cannot refuse” – needs to be understood as having the potential to increase the number of wrongful convictions. Within this context, this article argues that the increased use of pre-trial detention (PTD) represents a very powerful source of FGPs. Part I discusses the potentially large number of cases affected by FGPs in Canada. Part II explores how the mechanisms of PTD likely influence defendants’ decisions to give a FGP. Part III discusses how the prevalence of FGPs represents a trade-off of the value of a defendant’s innocence in favour of other institutional or societal objectives rooted in the generalized culture of risk aversion and risk management in the Canadian criminal justice system. This emerging scholarship represents a particularly important area of inquiry because, by their very nature, FGPs represent one of the least correctable and answerable parts of the criminal justice system.
Ön Lisans ve Lisans Düzeyinde Halkla İlişkiler Öğrenimi Gören Öğrencilerin Mesleki Kaygı Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: SUMMAK Mehmet Erhan
Published: December 2022

Üniversite öğrenimi, kişilerin gelecekte yapacakları mesleğin temel belirleyicileri arasında yer alır. Bu süreç içerisinde kişi geleceğine ve mesleğine yönelik olarak çeşitli kaygılar duyabilmektedir. Bu kaygıların hissedilme dereceleri sosyal hayatını ve öğrenim hayatını belli aşamalarda olumsuz bir şekilde etkileyerek umutsuzluğa neden olmaktadır. Bu kaygılar içerisinde özellikle mezun olduktan sonra iş bulamama ve iş bulduğunda mesleki yeterlilik noktasındaki kaygılar önemli bir yer tutar. Ülkemizde özellikle gençler ve üniversite mezunları arasında işsizliğin yaygın olması bu kaygı ve umutsuzluk düzeylerinin daha da artmasına neden olabilmektedir.

Konunun yukarıda ifade edilen öneminden dolayı, ön lisans ve lisans düzeyinde halkla ilişkiler öğrenimi gören öğrencilerin mesleki kaygı düzeylerini bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi amacı taşıyan bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Bu araştırma betimsel araştırma türünde ve ilişkisel tarama yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu yöntem içerisinde birincil verileri elde etme aracı olarak anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Anketler anketörler aracılığıyla yüz yüze uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Selçuk Üniversitesinde 2021-2022 eğitim- öğretim yılında ön lisans ve lisans düzeyinde halkla ilişkiler öğrenim gören öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Bu evren içerisinden araştırmacıların zaman ve maliyet kısıtları dikkate alınarak tesadüfi olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmış ve 300 örnek belirlenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 21 istatistik paket programı kullanılmıştır. Cevaplayanların frekans dağılımları, demografik özellikleri incelenmiş, güvenilirlik testleri ve regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır.
Diversity and abundance of bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the campus 4 of Ahmad Dahlan University
Authors: Putra Ichsan Luqmana Indra , Setiawan Haris , Rahmadini Suci Resty
Published: December 2022

Land conversion around campus 4 of Ahmad Dahlan University Yogyakarta affects the diversity and abundance of pollinating insects, one of which is bees. The purpose of this study was to calculate the level of diversity and abundance of bees on campus 4 UAD and its surroundings. The sampling area consisted of 4 plots, with each plot measuring 1750 m2( 35 m x 50 m) determined using the observation method. Sampling was carried out three times, which was carried out in the morning at 07.00 – 11.00 and continued in the afternoon at 15.00 – 17.00. Bees were identified by comparing their morphological characters with identification reference books and journals. The Spearman correlation test then analyzed the bee abundance data and abiotic factors. The results showed that the level of bee diversity on campus 4 UAD and its surroundings was moderate (1 H' 3). The most abundant bee species was Xylocopa aestuan, with 118 individuals, and the least abundant was Apis mellifera, with 7 individuals. The conclusion of this study is the state of the ecosystem on campus 4 UAD and its surroundings, there is a disturbance in the form of land use change, but bees can still tolerate the disturbance.
Efektifitas alat penyaringan arang aktif batok kelapa untuk mengurangi kadar merkuri pada air Limbah Buangan Gelondong Emas di Desa Padesa Kecamatan Lantung
Authors: Agustikawati Nurlaila , Safitri Lina Eta , Yuliastuti Luh Putu , Putri Desy Fadilah Adina , Setianingsih Fitri
Published: December 2022

A concise and factual abstract is required (maximum length 200 words). The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results, and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separate from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. References should, therefore, be avoided, but if essential, they must be cited in full, without reference to the reference list. Non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PRAKTIKUM BERBASIS EXCEL MATERI PEMERIKSAAN KARBOHIDRAT (GLUKOSA, SUKROSA DAN FRUKTOSA) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS
Authors: Andayani Susi , Khaldun Ibnu , Pada Andi Ulfa Tenri , Zulfadli Zulfadli , Rahmatan Hafnati , Nazar Muhammad , Mulyani Nunung Sri
Published: December 2022

Keterampilan proses sains berpotensi membangun kompetensi dasar mahasiswa. Terdapat banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi keterampilan ini salah satunya penggunaan media yang tepat. Pengembangan media praktikum berbasis excel merupakan salah satu solusi untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan ini. Tujuan penelitian untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains mahasiswa dalam melakukan praktikum. Penelitian ini berdesain Research and Development (R&D )dengan populasi 132 orang dengan sampel berjumlah   66   orang   menggunakan   teknik   purposive   sampling. meliputi kelayakan media 0,72 atau tinggi, visual komunikasi 0.35 atau sedang, dan materi 0.45 atau sedang. Uji reabilitas diperoleh 0,000 yang artinya persamaan antara penilaian yang diberikan oleh dua orang validator sangat rendah. Kesimpulannya media yang dikembangkan sudah memenuhi syarat untuk dijadikan instrumen penelitian.

Kata kunci : Pengembangan media, keterampilan
Validity of Problem Based Learning (PBL)-Based Global Warming E-Module
Authors: Anggraeni Nia , Rahardjo Sentot Budi , Harlita Harlita
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui validitas E-Modul Pemanasan Global berbasis Problem Based Learning (PBL) Sebagai media pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dilihat dari validasi ahli media, materi dan bahasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian Reserch and Develoment (R&D) yang mengacu pada model pengembangan 4D yang terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu define (pendefinisian), tahap design (perencanaan), tahap develop (pengembangan), tahap (disseminate) penyebaran. Namun pada penelitian ini hanya sampai tahap develop (pengembangan). Penelitian ini menggunakan lembar validasi E-Modul. Berdasarkan hasil validasi menunjukkan bahwa E-Modul Pemanasan Global yang dikembangkan memperoleh persentase untuk validasi ahli media 86,66 % dengan kategosi  sangat valid, validasi ahli materi  mendapatkan persentase sebesar 89,33% dengan kategori sangat valid dan validasi ahli bahasa mendapatkan persentase sebesar 96,36% termasuk kategori sangat valid digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa.
Evaluasi Kesiapan Sekolah Tingkat SD dan SMP di Kabupaten Sumbawa dalam Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran tatap Muka Terbatas di Masa Pandemi Covis-19.
Authors: Attamimi Has'ad Rahman , Rusmayadi Rusmayadi , Lestari Yunita , Sudarli Sudarli , Ernawati Ernawati
Published: December 2022

Bulan September 2021, Kemendikbudristek merilis hasil survey internal, hasil survey tersebut menjelaskan bahwa terdapat 1.303 Sekolah menjadi klaster Covid-19. Dari angka tersebut, tercatat ada 7.287 guru dan 15.456 siswa terpapar virus corona di Indonesia. Maka berdasarkan kondisi tersbut, akan dilakukan evaluasi terhadap kesiapan sekolah dalam melaksanakan program pembelajaran tatap muka di masa pandemi covid-19. Evaluasi akan dilaksankan dengan jenis evaluasi kesenjangan, dimana evaluator hanya akan mengukur adanya perbedaan (kesenjangan) antara yang seharusnya dilaksanakan (berdasarkan indicator kesiapan PTM dimasa pandemic covid-19) dengan realitas pelaksanaan yang dilakukan. Metode evaluasi yang akan digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumen. Subjek dalam evaluasi ini adalah SD dan SMP yang berada di Kab. Sumbawa, dan yang menjadi objek evaluasi adalah 7 indikator (syarat PTM terbatas yang diberikan oleh SATGAS Covid-19 RI) kesiapan dalam melaksanakan program pembelajaran tatap muka terbatas di masa pandemi covid-19. Hasil evaluasi terhadap 84 sekolah tingkat SD dan 8 sekolah tingkat SMP sesuai dengan hasil observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumen pendukung, secara umum menunjukkan sekolah-sekolah yang dievaluasi telah siap melaksanakan PTM namun sejumlah sekolah masih tetap terus meningkatkan kesiapan sesuai dengan indikator yang dipersyaratkan baik sesuai dengan panduan PTM yang disepakati empat menteri maupun syarat yang diberikan oleh SATGAS Covid-19 RI tahun 2021.
Utilization Of Moringa Seed Oil Fatty Acids for Azelaic Acid Base Stock Production
Authors: Handayani Sri Seno , Gunawan Erin Ryantin , Suhendra Dedy , Murniati Murniati , Hermanto Dhony , Karnila Liliek
Published: December 2022

Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) merupakan tanaman yang termasuk famili moringaceae. Biji kelor mengandung minyak yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan asam azelat. Asam azelat digunakan sebagai anti jerawat di industri farmasi dan kosmetik. Asam azelat dapat diperoleh dari proses oksidasi asam lemak minyak biji kelor menggunakan oksidator kalium permanganat.  Asam azelat yang dihasilkan berbentuk kristal putih dengan persen konversi 72,17 %. Hasil karakterisasi FT-IR menunjukkan terbentuknya asam azelat ditandai dengan pelebaran gugus hidroksil pada daerah 3448,46 cm-1 yang diikuti dengan pergeseran gugus ester pada serapan 1633,46 cm-1. Ikatan ester diperkuat pada panjang gelombang 1115,95 cm-1.
Jumping Motion of Gourami Fish Using Tracker Software as a Mechanical Energy Conservation Practicum
Authors: Ilma Arina Zaida , Kuswanto Heru , Hujatulatif Adha
Published: December 2022

One of the phenomena of gourami fish is the jumping motion. In analyzing the fish motion, errors are often experienced in observations, tend to be subjective or take a long time. An alternative software to analyze the fish motion is the Tracker software. The study aims to analyze the video of the Gourami fish motion phenomenon using Tracker software in the mechanical energy conservation practicum. This type of research is experimental research. Based on the results, the greater the mass of the fish indicates the greater the kinetic energy and potential energy in the motion of the fish. Kinetic energy depends on the mass and speed of the Gourami fish jumping. While the potential energy depends on the height of the Gourami fish when jumping. It is also affected by the fish's mass and the acceleration of gravity. The video analysis of the motion of the jumping gourami using Tracker can be used in science learning, especially in physics practicum about the law of conservation of mechanical energy
Efektivitas Penggunaan Laboratorium Virtual Berbasis Keterampilan Proses Sains Terintegrasi Zoom Meeting untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Fisika Siswa Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Ilyas Ilyas , Liu An Nisaa Al Mu’min , Sara Kristina
Published: December 2022

Abstract: Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan peningkatan pemahaman konsep fisika siswa setelah menggunakan laboratorium virtual berbasis keterampilan proses sains terintegrasi zoom cloud meeting di kelas XA SMAN 1 Ende yang berjumlah 36 siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Mengingat jumlah kelompok penelitian hanya satu kelompok, desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah satu kelompok pretest-posttest design. Mekanisme penelitian dilakukan melalui empat tahap yaitu pretest, memberikan perlakuan berupa praktikum menggunakan laboratorium virtual berbasis keterampilan proses sains terintegrasi zoom meeting, dan memberikan posttest untuk mengetahui peningkatan skor dalam menyelesaikan masalah konsep kinematika. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah skor pretest dan posttest, teknik analisis efektivitas menggunakan uji N-Gain.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan pemahaman konsep siswa rata-rata 4.27. Pada saat pretest diperoleh nilai rata-rata pemahaman konsep siswa adalah 4.47 sedangkan hasil posttest nya adalah 8.75. sedangkan nilai N-Gain sebesar 0.77. Nilai N-Gain 0.77 termasuk dalam kategori tinggi. Sedangkan jika dipersentasekan mencapai 77 persen, artinya penggunaan virtual lab berbasis keterampilan proses sains terintegrasi zoom meeting efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep siswa.
Innovative Learning in Improving High-Order Thinking Skills and Communication Skills: A Systematic Review
Authors: Afikah Adilah , Rohaeti Eli , Jumadi Jumadi
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to overview learning strategies to create learning innovation that can improve students' high-order thinking and communication skills in science learning. This research was classified as a systematic review. The data used in this study was secondary. This study's 15 secondary data sources consist of books, proceedings, and scientific articles in reputable journals. The data analysis using Miles & Huberman analysis technique. Data analysis includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The result of this study is that problem-based learning and inquiry-based instruction is learning strategies that can improve students' high-order thinking skills. The learning strategy that can improve students' communication skills is problem-based learning. High-order thinking skills and communication skills can influence each other. It was hoped that with this research, innovative learning centered on learning models and learning media could be developed so that students have high-order thinking and communication skills with good categories in future education.
Scientific Literacy Skill Through Digital Media Professional Pdf Flip Based Book in Elementary School
Authors: Putri Indira Bernica Krida , Wulandari Fitria
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine the effect and how much of a professional flip pdf-based digital book media on science literacy skills in elementary schools. This research method uses descriptive quantitative research with the type of Pre-Experimental Design and the form of design  used is one group pretest-posttest design. The instrument used in this study was a scientific literacy test sheet. The results showed that to test the hypothesis and answer the problem formulation, the  data analysis techniques used were Eta squared and paired samples correlation. From the results of  the Eta squared value, it was obtained at 0.850, which means that there is a big influence between professional flip pdf-based digital book media on scientific literacy skills, while if viewed from the paired samples correlation output above, it can be seen that the Sig (2-tailed) value is 0.000 which means more smaller than 0.05 means that there is a positive effect of professional flip pdf -based digital book media on the scientific literacy skills of elementary school students. The conclusion in this study is that the professional flip pdf-based digital book media has a positive and significant impact on the  scientific literacy abilities of fourth grade students so that it can be used as a solution in elementary school learning.
Development of Interactive Learning Media Based on Lectora Inspire on Excretion System Materials
Authors: Dalimunte Rosmayanti , Rohani Rohani
Published: December 2022

This development research aims to determine the feasibility of Lectora Inspire-based interactive learning media and its effectiveness on the learning outcomes of class XI students. This research was conducted at MAN Labuhanbatu by focusing on the development of Lectora Inspire-based interactive learning media on excretion system materials in class XI. This research method uses the ADDIE model development research method. This data collection technique uses questionnaires, and observation sheets. The results of the study stated that from three validators the media expert validators gave a score of 80% (Feasible). The material expert also provided an 88% final result with the category "Very Decent". The assessment response in teachers when conducting learning trials received a "very decent" score of 88%. The results of research on the application of Lectora Inspire-based interactive learning media to the subject matter of the excretory sub-system biology to student learning outcomes obtained very effective results. get a gain score of more than 29. It can be concluded that this developed medium is very effectively used in learning for class XI.
Pembelajaran STEAM Terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains Ditinjau dari Sikap Ilmiah Mahasiswa pada Mata Kuliah Kajian Fisika Kejuruan
Authors: Sakdiah Halimatus , Ginting Fajrul Wahdi , Rejeki Nimas Sri , Miranda Agustina
Published: December 2022

Pendidikan abad 21 menuntut mahasiswa untuk memiliki Keterampilan Proses Sains (KPS) agar mampu bersaing di dunia akademik dan dunia industri 5.0. KPS sendiri merupakan keterampilan yang diperlukan guna memecahkan masalah dengan mengikuti tahapan – tahapan ilmiah. Penerapan Pembelajaran pendekatan STEAM dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) diharapkan menstimulus mahasiswa meningkatkan keterampilannya. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan One Group Pretest-Postest Design. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes untuk mengamati variable KPS dan non tes untuk mengamati sikap ilmiah. Analisis penelitian hipotesis menggunakan analisis ANAVA satu jalur. Hasil penelitian didapatkan terdapat pengaruh pembelajaran STEAM terhadap KPS mahasiswa dan terdapat perbedaan KPS mahasiswa yang memiliki sikap ilmiah tinggi, sedang dan rendah.
Development of Learning Instrument to Increase Student’s Physics Concept Mastery Through Conflict Cognitive Approach
Authors: Zuhdi Muhammad , Makhrus Muh , Wahyudi Wahyudi , Busyairi Ahmad , Haerunnisa Haerunnisa
Published: December 2022

Physics learning using direct instruction method or speech method did not optimal in increasing concept mastery. This case results in low learning outcomes due to the low mastery of students' physics concepts. The solution to this problem is to develop learning instruments based on a cognitive conflict approach assisted by lesson videos to improve students' mastery of physics concepts as valid and appropriate products for use in learning. The learning tools developed are syllabus, lesson plans, Student’s Worksheet, lesson videos and concept mastery assessment instruments. The kind of research is research and development with the 4D method (define, design, develop, disseminate). This research is limited to the development stage, which includes validity testing. The results of this study can be concluded that the learning tools in the category are very valid and reliable. Based on these results, the learning tools developed are suitable for use in learning.
Effectiveness of Media Modules on Triggering Community-Based Total Sanitation Programs (STBM)
Authors: Rany Novita , Oktavia Dewi  , Herniwanti
Published: December 2022

The Community-Led Total Sanitation Program is an approach to change sanitation hygiene behavior through triggering activities, which has not yet achieved the national target. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of the Community-Led Total Sanitation Program in a sustainable environment in a suburban settlement. This was a qualitative study with an action research approach in three districts in the Siak River suburb. The participants of this study were residents who lived on the banks of the Siak river and the holders of the Environmental Health Program at the Public Health Center. Data were collected through direct observation and in-depth interviews regarding the Open Defecation Free (ODF) program, handwashing with soap, household food and beverage management, household waste management, and household liquid waste management. This study found that the community-led total sanitation program in the suburban of the three sub-districts of the city of Pekanbaru was not well implemented yet, especially in the ecological aspects of the Open Defecation Free (ODF) program, waste management, and liquid waste management program. Economically, the implementation of the program by non-governmental organizations had not been supported. Socially, health workers and community leaders provided education related to environmental sanitation and obtained a level of interpretation above 70%.
Value of ileo-ascending colic end to side anastomosis after ileocaecal resection.
Authors: Abrar Hussain Zaidi  , Muhammad Taimur  , Shazia Naqvi  , Manzoor Ahmed Faridi  , Samiullah
Published: December 2022

Objective: To assess the outcome of end to side Ileo-Ascending Colic anastomosis in patients undergoing emergency and elective Ileo-Caecal resection in non-malignant cases. Study Design: Cross Sectional Descriptive study. Setting: Department of Surgery at Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi. Period: January, 2018 to December, 2020. Material & Methods: A Total of 40 patients with ileo-caecal benign pathology presenting with generalized peritonitis and intestinal obstruction were studied. All patients underwent laparotomy either in emergency or as planned procedure. After dealing with the primary pathology an end to side ileo-ascending colic anastomosis was performed in all cases. Cases of ileo-caecal disease that required an ileostomy or underwent ileo-transverse colic anastomosis were excluded from the study. Anastomosis was performed in conventional two layers with vicryl 3/0. Variables studied were; indication for surgery, per-operative findings and post-operative complications like anastomotic leakage, surgical site infection, burst abdomen and systemic sepsis. Data was analyzed on SPSS (v 26). Results: There were 30 females (75%) and 10 male patients (25%). Age range was 18-72 years with mean age 43.62 years. Common clinical indication of surgery was intestinal obstruction 11 cases (27.5%) followed by generalized peritonitis 10 cases (25%) and trauma 9 cases (22.5%). Post-operative diagnosis in most patients was ileo-caecal tuberculosis 14 cases (35%) followed by trauma to ileo-caecal region 9 cases (22.5%). Anastomotic leakage occurred in 1 patient (2.5%) who underwent second look laparotomy and re-anastomosis. Surgical site infection occurred in 3 cases (7.5%). There was one fatality (2.5%) due to uncontrolled systemic sepsis. Conclusion: An end to side ileo- ascending colic anastomosis in conventional two layers is a safe and reliable procedure after emergency or planned ileo-caecal resection. It saves the patient from ileostomy, preserves colonic length and avoids formation of blind loop.
Distribution of ABO and Rh(D) blood groups in Baloch ethnicity of Mekran Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.
Authors: Saneed Khaliq  , Taif Hameed  , Noman Sadiq  , Shabeer Ahmed  , Hammal Naseer
Published: December 2022

Objective: To evaluate the distribution of ABO and Rh(D) blood groups in Balochistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: In Three Districts of the Mekran Division. Period: December 2019 to September 2021. Material & Methods: After informed consent, blood grouping (ABO) and Rh D factors were determined for 14547 people who visited hospital laboratories and blood banks between December 2019 and September 2021 for blood grouping, blood donation, or any other medical reason. The blood type was determined using the antigen-antibody agglutination slide test. Results: Among 14547 individuals, 39.03% (5679) had blood group O, 27.59% (4014) had blood group B, 24.99% (3636) had blood group A and 8.37% (1218) had blood group AB. 86.7% of individuals were Rh D factor positive while 13.3% individuals were Rh-negative. Conclusion: In the Mekran division of Balochistan, the most prevalent blood group is O +ve, while the least prevalent blood group is AB -ve.
Early outcome of mechanical ventilation in pediatric surgery patients.
Authors: Fatima Naumeri  , Mamoonullah Asmati  , Azwa Janjua  , Sushil Rijal  , Umme Rubab  , Muhammad Rizwan Akhtar
Published: December 2022

Objective: To report early outcome of mechanical ventilation in pediatric surgical patients. Study Design: Retrospective Analytical Cross-sectional study. Setting: Pediatric Surgical Intensive Unit, Mayo Hospital/ King Edward Medical University, Lahore. Period: January 2020 to December 2020. Material & Methods: The patients requiring mechanical ventilation were included, while patients requiring non-invasive ventilation (CPAP), or with cardiac anomalies and pneumonia were excluded. Demographic variables, diagnosis, source of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation setting and cause of mechanical initiation was recorded. Outcome noted were mortality and morbidity, sepsis, ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), and ventilator associated lung injury (VILI). For pneumonia and sepsis, vancomycin and meropenem was started, while for VILI chest intubation was done. Results: Total numbers of children enrolled in study were 60. Mean age of the patient was 14.6±3.8 months. Mean weight was 6.3±0.99 kg. Mean number of days on mechanical ventilation were 1.8±0.3 days. Mean length of hospital stay was 7.9±1.2 days. There were 35 patients (58.3%) on Synchronus mode (SIMV) group, and 25 patients (41.7%) on control mode (A/C, pressure) group. Mortality was noted in 39 (65%) children, while 21 (35%) children survived. Thirteen (21.7%) children developed VAP, while 40(66.7%) developed sepsis. VILI was noted in 12 (20%) children. No association was seen between mortality and sepsis, VAP, VILI. Conclusion: If initiated at the right time, mechanical ventilation is not only useful but also life-saving. However, to prevent complications like VAP, VILI early weaning off is mandatory. Mortality was noted in 65% children, while 21.7% developed VAP, 66.7% developed sepsis, and 20% suffered from VILI.
Frequency of thrombocytopenia in neonatal sepsis.
Authors: Hafsa Malik  , Maryam Malik  , Sobia Ashraf
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of thrombocytopenia in neonatal sepsis. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study. Setting: King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital Lahore. Period: November 2020 to April 2021. Material & Methods: The study was conducted over a period of six months. Neonates with clinical diagnosis of sepsis admitted in Neonatal intensive care unit, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Platelet count was measured on automated hematology analyser (SYSMEX,XN-1000) and verified on peripheral smear examination. The variables under study were subjected to SPSS 26. Chi Square test was used as a test of significance. P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Among 90 neonates with sepsis, Thrombocytopenia was present in 75% cases. P value <0.05%. Conclusion: Frequency of thrombocytopenia was statistically high in neonatal sepsis. Platelet count is a sensitive indicator of neonatal sepsis.
Frequency of congenital hypothyroidism in healthy newborns.
Authors: Rooman Khalil  , Fatima Jabbar  , Asim Khurshid  , Waqas Imran Khan
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in healthy newborns. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Neonatology, Children Hospital & Institute of Child Health Multan. Period: July 2020 to January 2021. Material & Methods: Neonates of both genders between 48 hours of life to 28 days of age delivered after 37-weeks of gestation were analyzed. All the neonates underwent blood sample testing for congenital hypothyroidism (T4 and TSH). The CH was described as neonates having T4 levels < 0.85 ng/dl and TSH > 40 mIU/L. Frequency of CH (yes/no) was noted. Results: Of these 146 study cases, 77 (52.7 %) were male participants while 69 (47.3 %) were female. Mean gestational age of our study cases was 38.12 ± 0.78 weeks. Of these 146 study cases, 40 (27.4 %) belonged to rural areas and 106 (72.6 %) belonged to urban areas. Poor socioeconomic status was noted in 46 (31.5%) while 100 (68.5%) were from middle income families. Of these 146 study cases, 109 (74.7%) were born vaginally while 37 (25.3%) were born through cesarean section. Family history of hypothyroidism was positive in 15 (10.3) cases. Mean body mass index of their mothers was 24.21 ± 2.33 kg/m2 and maternal obesity was present in 22 (15.1 %) in our study cases. Congenital hypothyroidism was noted in 12 (8.2%). Conclusion: High frequency (8.2%) of congenital hypothyroidism was noted in healthy newborn babies. Congenital hypothyroidism was significantly associated with mode of delivery and family history of hypothyroidism.
Effect of delayed serum separation on various chemistry analytes.
Authors: Mehvish Sana  , Shoaib Liaquat  , Syeda Sabahat Haidar  , Muhammad Tariq Ghafoor
Published: December 2022

Objective: To observe the effect of delayed serum separation on various chemistry analytes. Study Design: Quasi Experimental study. Setting: Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Sheikh Zayed Medical College & Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. Period: 1st December 2021 to 31st January 2022. Material & Methods: Fifty healthy volunteers of age 25-55 years from both genders were included in the study using consecutive sampling technique. Informed verbal consent was taken from all the study subjects. 4 cc blood was drawn from each subject and was divided into 3 plain tubes. 1 tube was analyzed at 1 hour for glucose, urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, ALP, sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium. 2nd tube was analyzed for same analytes 2 hours after sample collection and 3rd tube was analyzed at 4 hours. Results were recorded on a predesigned performa. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS Software 23 for Windows. Data was presented in terms of mean and SD. P value p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Glucose, ALT, sodium, potassium and chloride showed statistically significant variation over time while others remained stable for up to 4 hours. There was decrease in glucose (p=0.000) while increase was observed in sodium (p=0.0001), potassium (p=0.0001), chloride (p=0.0001) and ALT (p=0.002). Conclusion: Blood samples should be transported to laboratory immediately and when received in laboratory samples should be centrifuged and processed within 2 hours as delayed transportation and separation affects many chemistry analytes and may lead to erroneous test results.
Analysis of thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotrophin) level as a gold standard marker for assessing frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism in the first fifteen weeks of gestation.
Authors: Muhammad Asif  , Masood-uz-Zaman  , Tufail Ahmad Soomro
Published: December 2022

Objective: To find out the frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism in the first trimester of pregnancy. Study Design: Cross-Sectional study. Setting: Bacha Khan Medical Complex Swabi. Period: May 2019 to October 2019. Material & Methods: Total ninety (90) subjects visiting antenatal unit were taken for the study by using non-probability sampling technique. The sample size was calculated by Andrew Fisher’s formula. After the informed consent 5ml of blood was collected in EDTA tube from the enrolled patient. The blood was centrifuged and their serum was preserved in cuvets for forthcoming TSH analysis. The cut-off value for TSH was 4.0 mIU/L as per new American guidelines 2017. Results: The cases were described according to their thyroid function tests. There were eleven (11) cases in which TSH value was more than 4.0 mIU/L. To rule out hypothyroid state we also do Ft4 for these cases whose results were normal. This interpretation identifies subclinical hypothyroid state in these cases. We did not perform ft4 for cases whose TSH was in normal range. The p-value < 0.5 was considered significant. Pearson correlation values were given in the Table-III. Conclusion: it has been concluded from the results that pregnant women are associated with subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH > 4.0 mIU/L and Free T4 within normal range) which requires proper assessment during pregnancy to avoid from any further risk.
Analysis of children with congenital heart defects hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections.
Authors: Khurram Shahnawaz  , Farhan Zahoor  , Hussain Bux Korejo  , Sadaf Liaqat  , Sohaib Riaz  , Numan Khan  , Fazal ur Rehman
Published: December 2022

Objective: To analyze children of congenital heart defect hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Study Design: Cohort study. Setting: Department of Pediatrics, Rai Medical College Teaching Hospital, Sargodha Pakistan. Period: July 2021 to June 2022. Material & Methods: Echocardiography confirmed known CHD cases of both genders aged 1 month to 10 years and hospitalized with LRTI were included. Demographic and clinical data were noted while relevant radiological examination and bacterial culture / respiratory virus panel from nasopharayngeal swabs examined. Types of CHD (acyanotic or cyanotic), types of bacterial causative agents and outcomes in terms of duration of hospitalization (days) and mortality or discharged were noted. Results: In a total of 63 children, 34 (54.0%) were male. The mean age was 1.56±1.42 years while 46 (73.0%) children were aged below 1 year. Assessment of causative agents revealed that 9 (14.3%) had viral involvement, 8 (12.7%) bacterial agents. Majority of the children, 44 (69.8%) had acyanotic CHD while remaining 19 (30.2%) had cyanotic CHD. Need for pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission was noted in 22 (34.9%). Although, need for PICU stay was more among children with acyanotic CHD when compared to cyanotic CHD, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (40.9% vs. 21.1%, p=0.1292). Likewise, duration of hospitalization was relatively more among children with acyanotic CHD when compared to children with cyanotic CHD but the difference did not reach statistical significance (17.65±8.21 vs. 14.3±6.84, p=0.1243). Conclusion: Majority of the children with CHD hospitalized with LRTI were below 1 year of age. Acyanotic CHD was the most common CHD type. Mortality was relatively low and most of the children with CHD hospitalized with LRTI were treated and discharged successfully.
Ensemble Cloud Model Application in Simulating the Catastrophic Heavy Rainfall Event
Authors: Spiridonov Vlado , Curic Mladjen , Grcic Marija , Jakimovski Boro
Published: December 2022

An attempt has been made in the present research to simulate a deadly flash-flood event over the City of Skopje, Macedonia on 6 August 2016. A cloud model ensemble forecast method is developed to simulate a super-cell storm's initiation and evolutionary features. Sounding data are generated using an ensemble approach, that utilizes a triple-nested WRF model. A three-dimensional (3-D) convective cloud model (CCM) with a very fine horizontal grid resolution of 250-m is initialized, using the initial representative sounding data, derived from the WRF 1-km forecast outputs. CCM is configured and run with an open lateral boundary conditions LBC, allowing explicit simulation of convective scale processes. This preliminary study showed that the ensemble approach has some advantages in the generation of the initial data and the model initialization. The applied method minimizes the uncertainties and provides a more qualitative-quantitative assessment of super-cell storm initiation, cell structure, evolutionary properties, and intensity. A high-resolution 3-D run is capable to resolve detailed aspects of convection, including high-intensity convective precipitation. The results are significant not only from the aspect of the cloud model's ability to provide a qualitative-quantitative assessment of intense precipitation but also for a deeper understanding of the essence of storm development, its vortex dynamics, and the meaning of micro-physical processes for the production and release of large amounts of precipitation that were the cause of the catastrophic flood in an urban area. After a series of experiments and verification, such a system could be a reliable tool in weather services for very short-range forecasting (nowcasting) and early warning of weather disasters.
Design of robotic manipulator for painting purposes in automotive industry
Authors: Kelechi Kingsley Igbokwe  , Okechukwu Stanley Ikwunze
Published: December 2022

This paper presents design of 6-DOF robotic manipulator for painting in automotive industry. The NX-CAD was employed as the software to model the robotic manipulator. Three questions were considerably taken into account before modelling the robotic manipulator and they include the following: ‘how to define the problem the design of manipulator is going to solve?’; ‘what is the purpose of the manipulator construction?’ and ‘what were the exact requirements?’, as first , second and third questions respectively. The robotic manipulator analysis showed that the manipulator is more effective in achieving task; it is faster than human efforts and in its interaction with the environment. Through this, it will help reduce health hazard associated with humans that do work of painting by them not having direct contact with the paint (which is produced by chemicals) anymore but engage in handling other paint delivery equipment. Correspondingly, the designed painting manipulator will create cost-effectiveness of labour in automotive industry.
Profile of Malaria Pediatric Patient’s Waikabubak Hospital, East Nusa Tenggara period of January-December 2021
Authors: Yudit Angelia Sumarno  , Novita Tjiang
Published: December 2022

Malaria is one of the public health problems that can cause death, especially in high-risk groups such as infants, toddlers and pregnant women. Indonesia as tropical area which malaria is spread throughout the archipelagos, especially in eastern Indonesia. Method: This study aims to determine the profile of malaria in pediatric patients of Waikabubak Hospital, East Nusa Tenggara Province for the period January 2021 to December 2021. This is retrospective analytic descriptive study, by accessing medical record data of patients. The research subjects were pediatric patients aged 1 month to 18 years old who suffered malaria. Results: In this study, 53 subjects were positive for malaria. Patient characteristics were dominated by female gender 28 subjects (52.8%), with the highest age group being 1-5 years old 26 (49.1%), body mass index was dominated by underweight as much as 44 (83%). The most common symptom was fever in 19 subjects (35.8%). Another complaint was fever with seizure 9 (17%). This study was dominated by subjects with tropical malaria as many as 31 (58.5%). The lenght of hospitalization in this study was dominated by 3 days as many as 39 (73.6%). The medications that often used were Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine (DHP) and Primaquine as many as 36 (67.9%). The most common comorbid disease in this study was pneumonia as many as 13 (24.5%). Conclusion: Malaria pediatric patients in Waikabubak Hospital are dominated by female toddlers aged 1-5 years old, underweight. The most common complaints were fever, length of hospitalization was generally 3 days with the most common diagnosis was tropical malaria and the frequent given medication were DHP and Primaquine.
Risk factors of thrombocytopenia in term infants in Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Hospital Denpasar Bali
Authors: Luh Made Diah Wulandari Artana  , I Made Kardana  , I Wayan Dharma Artana  , Putu Junara Putra  , Made Sukmawati  , Putu Mas Vina Paramita Cempaka
Published: December 2022

Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which platelet count below 150 x 109/L. Neonatal thrombocytopenia (NT) accounts up to 35% of all patients admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The underlying cause of NT can often be predicted by the onset time of thrombocytopenia and course of disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors of thrombocytopenia in term infants undergoing treatment at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Hospital. Method: An observational analytical study using case-control design was conducted in 50 term infants from March 2021 to October 2021 in Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Hospital Denpasar Bali. Result: Total 25 infants with thrombocytopenia in case group and 25 infants without thrombocytopenia in control group. Most of the infants were dominated by female gender (54%), mean gestational age was 38 (± 1) weeks, birth weight 2,940 (± 445) gram, cesarean section (56%). In addition, 48% of patients were vigorous babies. Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) was 76% and late-onset neonatal sepsis (LOS) was 14%, most infants had neonatal pneumonia 58% and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) 48%. Mothers with preeclampsia were 26%. Multivariate analysis showed EOS was risk factor for NT (OR 4.69; 95% CI 0.9 – 22.0) and NEC (OR 4.17; 95% CI 1.2 – 14.4). Conclusion: Early onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) are risk factors for thrombocytopenia in term infants.
Innovative technology of making candy (paste food) for bees
Authors: G. Madzgarashvili  , E. Kobakhidze
Published: December 2022

Paste food is usually used in beekeeping in winter and has certain advantages over the liquid form: mixed nutrients and biologically active substances retain their beneficial properties for a long time without disturbing the uniformity of the mixture. It is digested by hibernating bees satisfyingly. In addition, the traditional method of making candy by Scholtz is quite time-consuming and difficult, requires expensive and energy-intensive equipment, which makes the feed relatively expensive, and in case of weakness of the bee colony, its digestion is delayed and the feed dries up, accompanied by losses. Carbohydrates in such products mainly consist of sucrose, which does not indicate its physiological perfection.