bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New QSPR Study on Relative Sweetness
Authors: Rojas Cristian , Tripaldi Piercosimo , Duchowicz Pablo R.
Published: January 2016

The aim of this work was to develop predictive structure-property relationships (QSPR) of natural and synthetic sweeteners in order to predict and model relative sweetness (RS). The data set was composed of 233 sweeteners collected from diverse sources in the literature, which was divided into training (163) and test (70) molecules according to a procedure based on k-means cluster analysis. A total of 3763 non-conformational Dragon molecular descriptors were calculated which were simultaneously analyzed through multivariable linear regression analysis coupled with the replacement method variable subset selection technique. The established six-parameter model was validated through the cross-validation techniques, together with Y-randomization and applicability domain analysis. The results for the training set and the test set showed that the non-conformational descriptors offer relevant information for modeling the RS of a compound. Thus, this model can be used to predict the sweetness of both un-evaluated and un-synthesized sweeteners.
Illness Narrative Complexity in Right and Left-Hemisphere Lesions
Authors: Giani Umberto , Garzillo Carmine , Pavic Brankica , Piscitelli Maria
Published: January 2016

Human relations are mainly based upon the exchange of narratives. So, it seems reasonable to study the effects of cerebral injuries upon this essential function of human thinking, and in particualr the differences of the structure of narratives in patients affected by left and right cerebral lesions. In this paper the transcripts of audio-taped illness narratives of six enrolled patients (three with right-hemisphere lesions and three with left ones, matched by age and sex) were analyzed by means of two different methods: Semantic Networks Analysis and Latent Dirichlet Allocation. These methods allowed to calculate several numerical indicators of the complexity of the narratives. Results showed that right hemisphere lesions entail a reduction of the narrative complexity, whereas the opposite occurs in patients with Left Hemisphere Lesion.
I-Rough Topological Spaces
Authors: Mathew Boby P. , John Sunil Jacob
Published: January 2016

This paper extends the concept of topology on a point set to a topology of an arbitrary rough universe. The concept of I- rough topology on an arbitrary rough universe is introduced and some topological properties of the resultant I-rough topological spaces are studied. Also a comparison study is carried out between topological spaces and I-rough topological spaces.
A System Dynamics Model for Subsistence Farmers' Food Security Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Oyo Benedict , Kalema Billy Mathias
Published: January 2016

Food security at subsistence farmers' level in sub-Saharan Africa has become an issue of concern due to increasing vulnerability caused by a number of factors such as: changing climate, resource scarcity (e.g. land and inputs), environmental degradation (e.g. declining soil fertility, deforestation, and surface water eutrophication), market failures and weak public/donor support initiatives. In light of these challenges, farmers must be prepared to survive by self-provisioning. To pursue the fastest and most practical route to improved food security, focus should be on resilience based initiatives at household and community levels. In this paper, the authors investigate the factors that have enabled subsistence farmers to succeed despite the previous shocks and stresses, and develop a system dynamics model for sustainable food security based on initiatives exclusive to the farmers. The model is used to examine the question: how can innovative subsistence farmers engage in better livelihood and market orientated production irrespective of external public or donor support?
Steps Towards Fuzz Testing in Agile Test Automation
Authors: Pietikäinen Pekka , Kettunen Atte , Röning Juha
Published: January 2016

Including and automating secure software development activities into agile development processes is challenging. Fuzz testing is a practical method for finding vulnerabilities in software, but has some characteristics that do not directly map to existing processes. The main challenge is that fuzzing needs to continue to show value while requiring minimal effort. The authors present experiences and practical ways to utilize fuzzing in software development, and generic ways for developers to keep security in mind.
Mitigating Information Trust
Authors: Singal Himani , Kohli Shruti
Published: January 2016

Trusting any information on web is psychosomatic and subliminal by nature. The decision is left on the requestor to assess, judge and corroborate the contents contained in the websites before perceiving it. This is of acute concern when websites deal with sensitive issues like health. There is no standard mechanism that embodies or characterizes how to make these ‘trust' decisions. Although all the web users make these decisions on a frequent basis, there is no method to comply with the rationale to take such decisions. This paper is an attempt to provide a solution to the problem of ‘how much the content, typically provided by any health related website should be trusted?' A probing has been done to study the users' behavior on these websites. This cram makes use of real-time analytical data collected from similarweb.com for hundred health related websites to analyze web users' behavior. The goalmouth is to develop a novel technique to re-rank search results using TRUST as a deciding factor so that more trustworthy web links appears higher in the results list. The aim is to determine and discern the users' attitudinal factors that can be captured in practice without user interaction and also capitalize on the quality of the trust estimates.
Virtual Communication
Authors: Baeva Liudmila V.
Published: January 2016

The shift of the real communication to the virtual sphere has influenced the nature of interpersonal relations. The article focuses on the characterization of the phenomenon ‘virtual communication', playing the dominating role in the electronic world culture. Drawing from a socio-cultural analysis and the theory of simulacra by J. Baudrillard, the article proposes the classification of the virtual communication types in terms of the nature of human relations and illustrates their peculiarities and features. Using the axiological approach, the author characterizes the phenomenon of the virtual communication and the existential and ethical aspects of the interpersonal relation transfer to the sphere of the information contact. The research resulted in revealing the features and peculiarities of the virtual communication and the benefits and risks for human beings and society.
Technoethical Inquiry into Ethical Hacking at a Canadian University
Authors: Abu-Shaqra Baha , Luppicini Rocci
Published: January 2016

Business and academic organizations are in a constant pursuit of efficient and ethical technologies and practices to safeguard their information assets from the growing threat of hackers. Ethical hacking is one important information security risk management strategy they use. Most published books on ethical hacking have focused on its technical applications in risk assessment practices. This paper addressed a scarcity within the organizational communication literature on ethical hacking. Taking a qualitative exploratory case study approach, the authors explored ethical hacking implementation within a Canadian university as the case study in focus, applying technoethical inquiry theory paired with Karl Weick's sensemaking model as a theoretical framework. In-depth interviews with key stakeholder groups and a document review were conducted. Findings pointed to the need to expand the communicative and sociocultural considerations involved in decision making about ethical hacking organizational practices, and to security awareness training to leverage sensemaking opportunities and reduce equivocality.
NBIC-Convergence and Technoethics
Authors: Grebenshchikova Elena
Published: January 2016

Technoethics is a new, but rapidly developing field of ethical reflection of technoscience. It can claim to unite the various ethical projections of the science and technology development in a common approach. One of the starting points of understanding this role of technoethics may be NBIC-convergence. The ethical dimensions of the NBIC-projects is represented in these sub-areas of applied ethics as a nanoethics, bioethics, neuroethics and ICT ethics. In this article particular attention is paid to the biomedical field, which is a prime example of innovative high technology, as well as the interaction of different types of ethics.
Effects of Sintering Temperature on Physical and Mechanical Properties of HA/YSZ Nanocomposites
Authors: Inthong Suchittra , Dongnai Warakorn , Intatha Uraiwan , Eitssayeam Sukum
Published: January 2016

In the present work, the effects of sintering temperature on physical and mechanical properties of HA/YSZ nanocomposites were investigated. The obtained results have been proved that the sintering temperature contributed greatly to densification and the compressive strength with the highest at 4.80 g/cm3 and 74.20 MPa for 80 wt.% of YSZ content in nanocomposites, respectively. The densification increased with increasing sintering temperature, where the compressive strength value was related with densification for the same ratio amount of YSZ. The higher the YSZ contents also significantly produced the ascendant of densification and the compressive strength.
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Nanoparticles from Holy Basil Leaves and Mint Leaves
Authors: Wonsawat Wanida , Panprom Yuwadee
Published: January 2016

In this study, Iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) were synthesized by green chemical method. A reducing and stabilizing agent from plant were used instead of toxic chemical reagent. It was observed that FeNPs was obtained at room temperature (25-35 °C) using bioreducing agent without voltammetric method. The optimum condition for FeNPs synthesis was studied. The nanoparticles have been preliminary characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry.
Hydrothermal Growth of ZnO Nanorods along the Ultra-Thin ZnO Seed Layer Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Sakulsaknimitr Wissawat , Teanchai Kanyakorn , Horprathum Mati , Chananonnawathorn Chanunthorn , Limwichean Saksorn , Siriprom Wichian
Published: January 2016

ZnO nanorods were grown on magnetron sputtered ultra-thin ZnO seed layers through a hydrothermal method. Before ZnO nanorods growth, the ultra-thin ZnO seed layer has been annealed at temperatures ranging from 100 to 400°C in air. The influence of annealing treatment on the crystalline structure of the ultra-thin ZnO seed layers has been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The size and density of final prepared ZnO nanorods were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). It was found that the length and the aspect ratio of the ZnOnanorods can be readily tuned by control of the ZnO ultra-thin seeds layer which results from the annealing treatment process.
Hydrothermal of ZnO Nanorod Arrays on ITO Transparent Conductive Oxide Substrate: Effect of Precursor Concentration
Authors: Khamkhom Phattharaphong , Horprathum Mati , Eiamchai Pitak , Chananonnawathorn Chanunthorn , Kalasung Sukon , Tuscharoen Suparat , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: January 2016

In this study, we fabricated the zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods arrays by hydrothermal technique on indium doped tin oxide (ITO) substrate with different concentration of the precursor with zinc nitrate and hexamethyleneteramine (HMTA) in distilled water. Structure, morphology and optical properties of ZnOnanorods on ITO substrate were characterized by x-ray diffractometer, field-emission scanning electron microscope and spectrophotometer, respectively. The ZnO nanorod arrays showing preferentially oriented in the (001) direction and with a wurtzite structure. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that the hexagonal shape ZnO nanorods. It was found that the diameter, length and density of the ZnO nanorods arrays were strongly influenced by the precursor concentration.
Modification of Structural and Vibrational Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared by Simple Chemical Precipitation Method
Authors: Chaithanatkun Natpasit , Onlaor Korakot , Thiwawong Thutiyaporn , Tunhoo Benchapol
Published: January 2016

In this work, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized by simple chemical precipitation method in the present of zinc nitrate as zinc precursor and sodium hydroxide as hydroxide precursor. The vitamin C was used as modifier media to modify the structural properties of ZnO nanoparticles. The microstructures of ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns showed that polycrystalline hexagonal phase of ZnO. The defects and impurity contents in nanoparticles were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results show few carboxylate and hydroxyl impurities for larger particles when addition modifier increases. Surface areas of nanoparticles were measured by Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) method. In addition, the results exhibited the dramatically change in structural properties of ZnO nanoparticles due to the effect of vitamin C.
Optimizations of Sealing Conditions for Blank Silver Nanorod Used as SERS Substrates
Authors: Somrang Witchaphol , Denchicharoen Somyod , Limwichean Saksorn , Nuntawong Noppadon , Patthanasettakul Viyapool , Horprathum M. , Eiamchai P. , Chindaudom P.
Published: January 2016

Silver nanorods, prepared on Si substrates by sputtering deposition with the technique glancing-angle deposition (GLAD), were used as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. The prepared samples were categorized into two groups based on sealing conditions after the nanorod fabrications. The non-sealed SERS substrates were prepared by purging in the vacuum chamber with argon, oxygen, and ambient air. The sealed SERS substrates were enveloped with several types of packages, i.e., petri dishes, plastic bags, and foils, where they were all handled in a controlled glove box. The samples were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) for the physical morphologies. The samples were further investigated by Raman spectroscopy for Raman spectra of blank substrates of each condition. The results showed that, in case of the non-sealed category, the SERS substrates purged under the argon gas was best optimized to prevent ambient contamination during prolonged period of time. In the case of the sealed category by different packages, the SERS substrates demonstrated the enhancement of the Raman-shift spectra with very small unwanted peaks, and in addition the extended lifetime.
PVP-Assisted Sb-Doped SnO2 Nanofibers Synthesized by Electrospinning Process
Authors: Santibenchakul Somtop , Chaiyasith Suwan , Pecharapa Wisanu
Published: January 2016

Well-defined Sb-doped tin oxide (ATO) nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning technique. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), SnCl4·5H2O and SbCl3 were chosen as suitable precursors for preparing ATO nanofibers. All of precursors were homogeneously dissolved with the mixture solvent of dimethylformamide (DMF) and absolute ethanol. Electrospinning process was carried out at applied voltage of 10 kV and distance between needle tip to aluminium foil collector was fixed at 10 cm. The injection rate of precursor solution was controlled at 0.5 ml/hr. The as-spun nanofibers were calcined at 600°C with heating rate of 5 °C/min in order to remove the PVP template and improve the crystallinity of ATO structure. Effect of Sb doping concentration on their crystal structure was investigated. The morphology and crystal structure of the electrospun fibers were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In this work, the obtained ATO nanofibers had average range diameter from 150 to 350 nm with rough surface. Sb doping concentration in ATO nanofibers plays a key role on their network morphology. The excellent doping concentration of Sb that offered the continuous fibrous and porous ATO nanofibers was 7%.
Removal of Cu2+ from Aqueous Solutions by Magnetic Nanoparticles-Pomelo Peel Composite
Authors: Pengsaket Itsaraporn , Thamaphat Kheamrutai , Limsuwan Pichet
Published: January 2016

Many researchers have currently interested in using Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) impregnated onto agricultural wastes for removal of heavy metal ions in wastewater treatment process. In this work, the MNPs-pomelo peel powder (MNPs-PP) composites were developed and their adsorption capacities of heavy metal ions were studied as well. The MNPs-PP samples were synthesized by co-precipitation method in different ratios; 2:1, 2:2, 2:4, 2:5, and 2:6 (by weight). The results showed that the as-synthesized MNPs were mainly spherical shape with an average particle size of approximately 12.7 ± 0.6 nm. Then, the MNPs, PP and MNPs-PP in different ratios were used as adsorbents for adsorption of 25 ppm Cu2+ in aqueous solution. The pH and temperature of solution were kept constant at 5 and 30 °C, respectively. From the experiment, it was found that the adsorption capacities decreased in the following order: PP > MNPs-PP (2:6) > MNPs-PP (2:5) > MNPs-PP (2:4) > MNPs-PP (2:2) > MNPs-PP (2:1) > MNPs. It indicated that the adsorption capacity of as-synthesized MNPs-PP is significantly higher than that of sole MNPs. Furthermore, the adsorption capacities of MNPs-PP increased with increasing the weight ratio of PP. The MNPs-PP developed herein has demonstrated not only high adsorption efficiency but also have shown additional benefits such as ease to synthesis, cost-effectiveness, environmental-friendliness, and ease to separate from treated water by an external magnet.
Fabrication and Ethanol Sensing Characterization of Tin Oxide Nanorods Prepared by Glancing Angle Deposition Technique
Authors: Oros Chaiyan , Wisitsoraat Anurat , Horprathum Mati
Published: January 2016

In this work, the nanorod structure of Tin oxide (SnO2) prepared by glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique with different O2 flow rate from 12 to 48 sccm. The surface and Crystal structure of SnO2 thin films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-raydiffraction (XRD) and tested toward ethanol gas sensing. Structural characterization showed that the morphological of all SnO2 thin films prepared with different O2 flow rates consists of columnar nanorod structures and the nanorod size which are likely to decrease as the O2 flow rate increases. As the O2 flow rate increases from 12 to 48 sccm, the crystal structure of SnO2 nanorods changes from amorphous to crystalline and the crystallinity is improved by the increase of the O2 flow rate. Gas sensing performances of SnO2 nanorods have been characterized toward ethanol sensing. It was found that SnO2 nanorods exhibit n-type conductivity with decreased resistance when exposed to ethanol, which is reducing gas. In addition, sensitivity to ethanol tend to improve as O2 flow rate increases. Furthermore, the SnO2 nanorods prepared at O2 flow rates 48 sccm are detecting ethanol gas at concentrations lower than 50 ppm at operating temperature 250 °C.
Acid Surface Treatment of Sol-Gel Derived ZnO Thin Films for Anti-Reflection Coating Application
Authors: Khamon Warut , Pecharapa Wisanu
Published: January 2016

Transparent ZnO films were deposited by sol-gel spin coating process. HCl acid was used in the wet etching process to modify its surface morphology that can be used as an anti-reflective layer of optoelectric devices. The effect of etching time on its structure, surface morphologies and optical properties were scrutinized. The overall results indicated that HCl acid has obviously effect on significant change in surface morphologies and its roughness varied in the range of 0.5 nm to 4.9 nm.
Effect of Ti Sputtering Current on Structure of TiCrN Thin Films Prepared by Reactive DC Magnetron Co-Sputtering
Authors: Witit-Anun Nirun , Teekhaboot Amphol
Published: January 2016

Titanium chromium nitride (TiCrN) thin films were deposited by reactive DC magnetron co-sputtering. The effect of Ti sputtering current (ITi) on the structure of the TiCrN thin films were investigated. The crystal structure, microstructure, thickness, roughness and elemental composition were characterized by glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) technique, respectively. The results showed that, all the as-deposited films were formed as a (Ti,Cr)N solid solution. The as-deposited films exhibited a nanostructure with a crystallite size of less than 40 nm. The crystal size decreased from 39.9 nm to 33.5 nm, while the lattice constants increased from 4.139 Å to 4.162 Å, with increasing of the Ti sputtering current. The film thickness and roughness were found to increase from 397 nm to 615 nm and 3.7 nm to 6.3 nm, respectively, with increasing of the Ti sputtering current. The composition of the as-deposited films varied with the Ti sputtering current. Cross section analysis by FE-SEM showed compact columnar and dense morphology as a result of increasing the Ti sputtering current.
Fabrication and Characterization of Antibacterial Tantalum Oxide Thin Films Deposited by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Mungchamnankit Araya , Horprathum Mati , Chananonnawathorn Chanunthorn , Patthanasettakul V. , Eiamchai Pitak , Thongmee Acharawan , Sukplang Patamaporn
Published: January 2016

Tantalum oxide (TaO) thin films were deposited by dc reactive magnetron sputtering at room temperature. A target of tantalum (99.995%) and a mixture of argon and oxygen gases were used to deposit TaO films on to silicon wafers (100) and BK7 glass substrate. The effects of annealing temperature (300–700 °C) on structural, morphology and anti-bacterial properties were investigated. Grazing incident X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), atomic force microscope (AFM) measurements are carried out to identify the crystalline structure, film morphology and surface roughness, respectively. The antibacterial behavior of the tantalum oxide thin films will be discussed in this paper.
Pigment Extraction of Safflower, Dyeing Properties and Antimicrobial Study of Dyed Silk
Authors: Ohama Ploysai , Namwong Sirilak , Kumpun Saowanee
Published: January 2016

The extractions of yellow and red pigments from safflower petals were studied. The pigment extracted was further utilized as a natural dye for silk dyeing. The safflower petals were water-extracted in order to remove the yellow pigment and the extraction of red pigment from the petals was done with alkali solution. The extracted red pigment was applied to a silk fabric by dyeing process. The effects of dye concentration and pH of dye bath were studied. The colourimetric analysis of each dyed material was done in terms of the CIELab (L*, a* and b*) and K/S values. Maximum color strength for red color was obtained at pH 4. Color fastness to washing and light was evaluated. Washing fastness was 4-5 but light fastness for red dyed silk was 1. The dyed silk did not display antimicrobial activity against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923T and Escherichia coli ATCC25922T.
Comparation Trace Element and Structural of Filler Materials in Chitosan Films
Authors: Chamchoi Noppadon , Sangwaranatee Narong , Kaewkhao Jakrapong , Montree A. , Teanchai K. , Siriprom Wichian
Published: January 2016

In present study, the structural and trace element were preliminary survey the potentiality to use as filler material for produced the biocomposite films. The first raw material is chitosan and the second raw material is chicken eggshell. Both raw material were investigated the structural and morphological with X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scaning Electron Microscope (SEM), respectively. While, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) the Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) were used to investigate functional group and trace element, respectively. The result show that, both material have crystalline structural. The chicken eggshell have calcite structure while the chitosan have amorphos-crystalline structure. The chemical composition in both material compose of P, Ca, Fe similarly but the concentration have been different.
Deposition of Transparent Niobium Oxide Thin Film by DC Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Sangwaranatee Narong , Horprathum Mati , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: January 2016

Transparent niobium oxide thin films were prepared by dc reactive magnetron sputtering under different oxygen flow rate. The niobium oxide thin films have been deposited on silicon wafer and glass substrate from a 99.99% pure niobium target at room temperature. The films were characterized to obtain the relationship between oxygen flow rate and deposition rate, structural, morphology and optical. The result show that the deposition rate decreased with increasing the oxygen flow rate. However, the transmittance spectrum percentage increases with increasing the oxygen flow rate.
Effect of Annealing Temperature on NiO/ZnO Heterojunction Thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Rattana Tanattha , Suwanboon Sumetha , Kedkaew Chittra , Wanichchang Kumariga , Choeysuppaket Attapol
Published: January 2016

In this research, NiO/ZnO heterojunction thin films were fabricated on a ITO substrate by a sol–gel technique. The as-prepared thin films were annealed at various temperatures. The effect of annealing temperature on structural, surface morphology and electrical properties of thin films was investigated by XRD, FESEM and I-V characteristic measurement. The XRD results revealed that NiO/ZnO thin film was polycrystalline and exhibited better crystallization when annealing temperature was increased. The current-voltage curve of all sample exhibited the diode behaviour.
Effect of Oxygen Flow Rate and Post Annealing on Vanadium Oxide Thin Films Prepared by DC Pulse Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Hincheeranun Wantanee , Aiempanakit Montri , Aiempanakit Kamon , Horprathum Mati , Patthanasetakul Viyapon , Nuntawong Noppadon , Chananonnawathorn Chanunthorn , Limwichean Saksorn , Eiamchai Pitak
Published: January 2016

In this work, we investigated V2O5 thin films prepared by a DC pulse reactive magnetron sputtering at ambient conditions. The effects of oxygen flow rates during the film deposition and post annealing in air atmosphere were explored. The V2O5 thin films were sputtered from vanadium target onto silicon wafer and glass slide substrates at room temperature. The as-deposited V2O5 thin films were annealed at 200°C under air atmosphere. The films were then examined for their crystallinity, physical microstructures, and optical transmission. The crystallinity and morphology of the films were investigated by grazing incident x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The optical transmission was determined by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the as-deposited films were amorphous, whereas the post annealed films indicated V2O5 phase in all samples. The increase in the oxygen flow rates during the deposition led to the decrease in the deposition rate, film thickness, and film surface roughness. In addition, the oxygen flow can increase the average transmission of the V2O5 thin films. The effects of the annealing treatment of the optical transmission spectra will be discussed.
Influence of Ni Doping on Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Sol-Gel ZnO Thin Films
Authors: Rattana Tanattha , Suwanboon Sumetha , Kedkaew Chittra
Published: January 2016

Ni-doped ZnO thin films were prepared on glass slide substrates by a sol-gel dip coating method with different Ni doping concentrations (0-33 mol%). The effect of Ni doping concentration on structural, surface morphology and optical properties of the thin films was characterized by XRD, FESEM and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The XRD results indicated that pure ZnO thin film exhibited a hexagonal wurtzite structure. Ni (OH)2 phase were observed at a high Ni doping concentration. The FESEM images showed that the surface morphology and surface roughness were sensitive to the Ni doping concentration. The optical transmission measurements were observed that the transmittance decreased with increasing the Ni doping concentration.
Influence of Post-Deposition Annealing on Structure and Optical Characteristics of Niobium Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Lertlop Wichan , Sangwaranatee Narong , Horprathum Mati , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: January 2016

In this work, niobium oxide thin films were deposited on silicon wafer (100) and glass slide substrate by reactive magnetron sputtering. The niobium oxide films were further annealed and effect of post annealing on the crystallinity, microstructure and optical properties was studies. In order to identify the crystalline structure and microstructure, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurement carried out. The optical property was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. It has been observed that with increase in annealing temperature films become microcrystalline films. In particularly, the optical property of niobium oxide thin film also improves with annealing temperature.
The Coated Paper with Silver Nanoparticles and its Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Peungsamran Natkamol , Namwong Sirilak
Published: January 2016

A simple method was achieved to develop a coating of silver nanoparticles on paper using ultrasonic radiation. Silver nanoparticles were prepared by the chemical reduction method using triethylene glycol as a reducing agent. UV-Vis spectrometry was used to characterize the synthesized silver nanoparticles in solution. The coated papers were characterized the surface features by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrum (EDS). The particle size distribution was 78 – 311 nm in diameter depending on ultrasonication time. The coated papers revealed the most effective in the antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923Tand Escherichia coli ATCC 25922T.
Carbon Nanotube/Manganese Oxide Thin Film Composites-Based Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Ketama Nathakreat , Jarernboon Wirat , Wongwiriyapan Winadda
Published: January 2016

Manganese oxide thin film sandwiched between carbon nanotubes thin films-coated on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO/CNT/MnOx/CNT) was used as a counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) for performance improvement. The multi-layer electrodes were fabricated by sequential process comprising doctor-blade coating of CNT layer and the following electroplating coating of MnOx layer and subsequent doctor-blade coating of CNT layer once again. The multi-layered counter electrode of CNT/MnOx/CNT exhibited the improved conversion efficiency and a fill factor of 2.01±0.01% and a fill factor of 0.55±0.01, respectively, due to an increase in capacitance of the electrode. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) show that the capacitance of multi-layered CNT/MnOx/CNT electrode increased from 22±3 mF to 41±2 mF comparing to that of a monolayer of CNT. Furthermore, EIS of FTO/CNT/MnOx/CNT-based DSSC shows the smallest radius of the semicircle with a charge transfer resistance of 42 Ω, implying a quick redox reaction between counter electrode and electrolyte. The improved fill factor is likely due to the role of MnOx that increases the capacitance of electrode and reduces electron transfer rate from counter electron to electrolyte.
Growth of Nanostructure Silver Films by DC Magnetron Sputtering for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate
Authors: Tuscharoen Suparat , Horprathum Mati , Eiamchai Pitak , Nuntawong Noppadon , Chananonnawathorn Chanunthorn , Limnonthakul Puenisara , Kalasung Sukon , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: January 2016

Nanostructure silver films were obtained by dc magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The influences of deposition time on the morphology and optical properties were studied by field-emission scanning electron microscope and UV-vis NIR spectrophotometer. It was found that the optical properties of the nanostructure silver film can be effect by surface morphology. The surface enhanced Raman scattering activities of nanostructure Ag films were demonstrated by methylene blue (MB) as probing molecules while the detection limit of MB was found to be as low as 10-5 M from this SERS substrate.
Growth of Nanostructure TiO2 Films by Glancing Angle Deposition
Authors: Plirdpring Theerayuth , Horprathum Mati , Eiamchai Pitak , Samransuksamer Benjarong , Chananonnawathorn Chanunthorn , Boonpichayapha T. , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: January 2016

Nanostructure TiO2 films were prepared by electron beam evaporation with glancing angle deposition technique at room temperature. The morphology, crystal structure and optical properties at various substrate rotation speeds (0-10 rpm) were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The cross-section FE-SEM images illustrate that the nanostructures consist of different morphology: slanted columnar, spiral and vertical align nanorods at 0, 0.01 and 10 rpm-rotation speed, respectively. In particular, the rotation speed-controlled incoming vapor flux was found to play crucial role in the growth of nanostructure TiO2 films.
Effective Atomic Numbers and Electron Densities of BaO-Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 Glass System: Theoretical Calculation
Authors: Sangwaranatee N.W. , Sangwaranatee Narong , Sarachai S. , Tuscharoen Suparat , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: January 2016

In this work, the mass attenuation coefficients, the effective atomic numbers and the effective electron densities of BaO-Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 glass have been studied at 662 keV using WinXCom program. The result show that the mass attenuation coefficients increased with increasing of BaO concentration, reflecting that more photon is attenuated. The effective atomic numbers and the effective electron densities are similar trend with mass attenuation coefficients, reflecting that more virtual electron when higher BaO concentration and more interaction will be occurred in glass matrices.
Influence of NiO on Physical and Optical Properties of Zinc Bismuth Borate Glasses
Authors: Chantarasunthon K. , Teanchai Kanyakorn , Kirdsiri Keerati , Kaewkhao Jakrapong , Siriprom Wichian
Published: January 2016

The objectives of this work are to prepare and to study some properties of zinc bismuth borate glasses containing NiO in chemical formula 10ZnO : 30Bi2O3 : (60-x)B2O3 : xNiO, with x is the concentration of NiO, ranges from 0.00 to 0.05 mol%. The results found that the density of glasses increase with increasing of NiO concentration, whereas the molar volumes decrease. Absorption spectra were performed using UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer in the region of ultraviolet to near infrared, the absorption peak was not found. Moreover, the color in CIE L*a*b* of all glass samples were also investigated.
Luminescence Properties of Er3+ Ions in Bismuth Borophosphate Glasses
Authors: Chanthima Natthakridta , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: January 2016

Er3+ ions doped bismuth borophosphate glasses are prepared in different concentration by the conventional melting-quenching method at 1200 °C. Physical properties, absorption and luminescence spectra under visible excitation are investigated. The results showed that density of glasses tended to decrease with increasing the concentration of Er2O3. While, the molar volume of glasses tended to increase with increasing the concentration of Er2O3. The optical absorption spectra were clearly observed in ultraviolet (UV), visible light (VIS) and near infrared (NIR) region. Visible emission spectra have been recorded by exciting the glass samples at 326 nm. The strongest intensity was the green emission at 521 nm. The luminescence intensity was found to increase with Er2O3 content up to 0.8 mol% and it was decreased for higher Er2O3 contents due to concentration quenching effect.
Optical, Luminescence and Judd-Oflet Study of Eu3+ Doped Lithium Yttrium Borate Glasses for Using as Laser Gain Medium
Authors: Kaewnuam Eakgapon , Chanthima Natthakridta , Jayasankar C.K. , Kim Hong Joo , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: January 2016

The photoluminescence properties of lithium yttrium borate glasses doped with Eu3+ (LiYB:Eu3+) were studied in this work. Glass samples were prepared by melt-quenching technique with variation of Eu2O3 doped concentration between 0.00 – 6.00 mol%. The absorption spectra show that LiYB:Eu3+ glasses absorbed photon in visible light (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) region. Photon absorption at 394 nm can excite glass to emit the number of photons in VIS region such as 591, 613, 653 and 701 nm. The strongest emission belong to the light with 613 nm wavelength. The optimum concentration of Eu2O3 for LiYB glass is 4.00 mol%. Judd-Oflet (J-O) analysis was used to study on 4.00 mol% doped glass, which shows the interesting potential for using this glass as gain medium in 701 nm emitting laser.
Physical, Optical and Luminescence Properties of Er3+-Doped Bismuth Borosilicate Glasses
Authors: Rakpanich Suwat , Meejitpaisan Piyachat , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: January 2016

Er3+-doped bismuth borosilicate glasses (Bi2O3+B2O3+SiO2+Er2O3) glasses doped with different Er2O3 concentrations (0, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00, 2.50 mol%) have been prepared by melt quenching technique and their physical, optical and luminescence properties have been studied. The density of glasses showed the highest value at 4.7358 g/cm3 with 1.00 mol% of Er2O3. The optical absorption spectra of glasses were observed seven bands at 488, 523, 543, 654, 801, 975 and 1529 nm which assigned to the transitions 4I15/2→4F7/2, 2H11/2, 4S3/2, 4F9/2, 4I9/2, 4I11/2 and 4I13/2, respectively. The emission spectra of glasses were also investigated and discussed in term of energy level of Er3+ ion in glass matrices.
Spectral Investigations of Dy3+-Doped Gd2O3-CaO-P2O5 Glasses
Authors: Meejitpaisan Piyachat , Kedkaew Chittra , Jayasankar C.K. , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: January 2016

Dy3+-doped phosphate glasses of the compositions 20Gd2O3 : 10CaO : (70-x)P2O5 : xDy2O3, where x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50 mol% have been prepared by melt quenching technique and characterized by optical absorption, emission spectra and decay curve analysis. All the transitions in the absorption spectra are originated from the 6H15/2 ground level to the various excited states and these are intra configuration (f-f) transitions. The observed twelve absorption bands centered at 349, 362, 387, 425, 451, 473, 750, 800, 895, 1089, 1266 and 1676 nm are assigned to 6P7/2, 4P3/2, 4F7/2, 4G11/2, 4I15/2, 4F9/2, 6F3/2, 6F5/2, 6F7/2, 6F9/2, 6H9/2 and 6H11/2 transitions, respectively. The absorption spectra of glasses increase with increase in Dy3+ ion concentrations. The emission spectra of Dy3+-doped glasses are observed to be centered at 483, 573, 662 and 752 nm originated from the 4F9/2→6H15/2, 4F9/2→6H13/2, 4F9/2→6H11/2 and 4F9/2→6H9/2 transitions, respectively under excitation at 349 nm. The highest emission intensity of Dy3+-doped glass is 0.50 mol% due to concentration quenching effect. The experimental lifetimes are found to decrease when Dy3+ ion concentrations increased due to energy transfer process between Dy3+ ions.
Spectroscopic Properties and Judd-Ofelt Analysis of Dy3+ in Lithium Lanthanum Borate Glass for Laser Medium Application
Authors: Wantana Nuanthip , Chamlek Onanong , Chanthima Natthakridta , Jayasankar C.K. , Kim Hong Joo , Djamal Mitra , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: January 2016

Dysprosium doped lithium lanthanum borate glasses (LiLaB:Dy3+) were prepared by the melt quenching technique, varying the Dy2O3 doped concentration from 0.00 to 1.50 mol%. The absorption spectra showed that LiLaB:Dy3+ glass absorbed photon in visible light and near infrared region. From the excitation of 388 nm, this glass emitted the photon with 483, 575, 664 and 753 nm wavelength. The intensity of emission increased with increasing of Dy2O3 concentration until 1.0 mol%, after that it decreased. The Judd-Ofelt (J-O) analysis was applied to 1.0 mol% doped glass to investigate the J-O parameter, radiative transition possibility and stimulated emission cross section. These values were interpreted to the ability of laser gain medium.
The Improvement of Bismuth Barium Borate Glasses through the Applications of Sm3+ Dopant
Authors: Ruamnikhom Rungsan , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: January 2016

In this study, the effect of Sm3+ ions doped in glasses of the composition (40-x)B2O3:40Bi2O3:20BaO:xSm2O3 in mol% (where x = 0, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 and 2.50).The BiBaBO glasses have been prepared by melt-quench technique. The results show the densities and molar volume of glasses are between 4.80-4.91 g/cm3 and 50.19-51.58 cm3/mol, respectively. The absorption spectra consists of ten absorption peaks that are located at 374, 388, 402, 942,1079, 1226, 1405, 1471, 1523 and 1585 nm, and are assigned to 6P7/2, 4G11/2, 6P3/2, 6F11/2, 6F9/2, 6F7/2, 6F5/2, 6F3/2, 6H15/2 and 6F1/2 transitions, respectively. The luminescence spectra exhibited four emission peaks corresponding to the4G7/2 → 6H5/2 (564 nm yellow, weak), 4G7/2 → 6H7/2 (600 nm orange, strong), 4G7/2 → 6H9/2 (645 nm red, strong) and 4G7/2 → 6H11/2 (709 nm red, weak) transitions.
Mass Attenuation Coefficients and Partial Interactions of BaO-ZnO-B2O3 Glasses System
Authors: Kothan Suchart , Tungjai Montree , Sarachai Sunisa , Kaewjaeng Siriprapa , Tuscharoen Suparat , Limkitjaroenporn Pruittipol , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: January 2016

The mass attenuation coefficients and partial interactions of BaO-ZnO-B2O3 glasses have been investigated using WinXCom program at difference photon energy. BaO-ZnO-B2O3 glasses were prepared in composition xBaO: 20ZnO: (80-x)B2O3 (where x = 15 and 20 mol %) by melt quenching technique under normal atmosphere. The densities of glasses are 3.0052 and 3.1022 g/cm3, respectively. The mass attenuation coefficients at 20% mol are higher than 15% mol of BaO in all energy range. The optical spectra were measured and good transparent behavior was obtained. Half value layer (HVL) of glasses are also report and compared with same standard shielding materials and show better shielding than ordinary concrete.
Characterization of Ni-Al Solar Absorber Prepared by Flame Spray Technique
Authors: Bunmephiphit Chanon , Suriwong Tawat , Jiajitsawat Somchai , Dejang Nuchjira
Published: January 2016

In this research, a Ni-Al solar absorber was successfully prepared by the flame spray technique with Ni-5 wt.%Al particles as a starting material. The Ni-5 wt.%Al particles were melted and sprayed onto the outer surface of a stainless steel 316L tube in order to form a Ni-Al composite coating. The phase, morphology and reflectance (R) spectrum of the Ni-Al solar absorber were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), a Scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer and an Ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrophotometer at the wavelength 300-2500 nm. The results revealed that the surface of the Ni-Al solar absorber was rough, and its cross section was overlapped layer by layer. The Ni-Al solar absorber was composed of Nickel (Ni) and aluminum (Al) phases. NiO and Al2O3 phases were also found on the surface. The chemical composition of the Ni-Al solar absorber was Ni (72.94 wt.%), Al (11.76 wt.%) and O (15.29 wt.%). The solar absorptance (α)of this solar absorber was 0.77. This demonstrates that a Ni-Al composite coating can be applied as a solar absorber material for solar collector at high operating temperatures.
Detection of Magnetic Material in Soil Subsurface Using Electromagnetic Induction Method Based on Fluxgate Sensor
Authors: Djamal Mitra , Indrasari Widyaningrum , Ramli  , Srigutomo Wahyu
Published: January 2016

An instrument based on electromagnetic induction method for detecting magnetic material in soil subsurface has been developed. The instrument consists of a signal generator, an amplifier, a transmitter, receivers, detectors and a display. A coil is used as transmitter. As receiver and also detector is used a three dimensional self-developed fluxgate sensor. The fluxgate sensor consists of two pick-up coils, four excitation coils, and a ferromagnetic core. The output voltage of the sensor is processed using an analog signal processing circuit. The sensor’s capability in detecting magnetic material in the soil subsurface was observed by placing a sample of magnetic material in the subsurface, and then detected using fluxgate sensor in the direction of the x, y and z (3D). We found that the developed instrument is capable to detect two different objects that is separated at minimum distance around 10 cm with the maximum shallow depth of the target material is 10 cm.
Effect of Silver Addition on the New Y3Ba8Cu11Ox Superconductors
Authors: Ratreng Sermsuk , Kruaehong Thitipong
Published: January 2016

The Y3-8-11 superconductors and silver composite superconductors were synthesized by solid state reaction. The standard four probes method was used to measure the critical temperature (Tc), and the XRD technique (FULLPROF PROGRAM) was used to determine the lattice parameters, space group and phase compositions. It was found that the pure Y3-8-11 has the lowest Tc onset about 95 K, and the more silver doped concentration, have the higher Tc offset and Tc onset. The samples have both superconducting phase and non-superconducting phase. The silver doped samples have higher superconducting phase. The Pmmm space group was corresponding as to superconducting phase. The non-superconducting phase exhibite in Y211 and BaCuO2 with Pbnm and Im-3m, respectively. The surface of the silver doped sample is much smoother and denser compared to the undoped samples without impurities.
Effect of Zn:Al Ratio and Calcination Time on Structural Properties of Zn-Al-O Compound
Authors: Mekprasart Wanichaya , Worasawat Suchada , Tangcharoen Thanit , Pecharapa Wisanu
Published: January 2016

Zn-Al-O compounds were successfully synthesized via co-precipitation method at pH 8 followed by calcination process at 900 oC. Influence of different precursor (Zn:Al) ratio and calcination period on their structural properties and formation have been investigated. Varying Zn:Al ratio was conducted at 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4 with different calcination time at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h. Phase transformation and morphologies were characterized by X-ray diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscope. Moreover, chemical bonding of Zn-Al-O compound was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. The results indicated that chemical bonding between Zn-Al oxide evidentially occurred in all samples in composite form and spinel structure. In addition, the amount of Al content considerably contributes to significant aggregation in zinc aluminate (ZnAl2O4) spinel crystalline phase affirmed by XRD result. Meanwhile, SEM images reveal high crystallinity and strong formation of the compound obtained by prolong calcined period.
Electroless Plating of Pd on Macro-Porous Alumina Support for H2 Purification
Authors: Lertwittayanon Kowit , Truektrong Onuma , Inthanu Wanita , Youravong Wirote
Published: January 2016

In this work, Pd metal layer was deposited on in-house prepared macro-porous disc alumina support by electroless plating. The in-house prepared support were repeatedly seeded for 4 cycles to obtain Pd nuclei before repeatedly electroless plated for 4 cycles. The 4-cycle Pd plating was to obtain the full layer of Pd metal observing from changing support surface from black to light grey. The plated membrane samples were annealed at 550 and 600oC for using in high-temperature H2 separation. The annealed samples were observed morphology by SEM and confirm the occurrence of Pd layer with EDS. The SEM images revealed incomplete Pd layer. The over 4 cycles of plating were needed to form complete Pd layer since the numerous Pd ions diffused into macro-pores alumina support instead of depositing on the surface of macro-porous support. The higher annealing temperature of 600oC led to denser layer of Pd with the presence of small cracks due to the contraction of Pd particles.