bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva: case report
Authors: Ribeiro José Carlos Castelo Branco , Vieira Sabas Carlos , Silva Benedito Borges da , Santos Lina Gomes dos , Costa Pedro Vítor Lopes , Fonsêca Lia Andréa Costa da
Published: June 2015

Female patient, 42-years-old, complaining of difficulty in urinating and swelling in the vulvar area for one year. Her gynecological examination showed extensive injury in the vulvar region and the biopsy done was inconclusive. The removal of the lesion was conducted. After the procedure, the patient remains free of recurrence for 15 months. This case highlights the need to consider angiomyxoma in the differential diagnosis for tumors of unknown cause in the vulvar region.
Cidadania empresarial no Brasil: os dilemas conceituais e a ação de três organizações baianas
Authors: Schommer Paula Chies , Fischer Tânia
Published: June 2015

O artigo analisa o conceito de cidadania empresarial e sua prática no Brasil, no contexto de redefinição de papéis entre agentes sociais e de desenvolvimento local, dentro de um espaço público comum. O foco está em um dos tipos de relação estabelecida entre organizações empresariais e integrantes do chamado terceiro setor, a partir do exemplo de três fundações empresariais baianas, integrantes do GIFE - Grupo de Institutos, Fundações e Empresas. São discutidos conceitos relacionados à prática da cidadania empresarial, como filantropia, responsabilidade social e ética empresarial. Os casos fornecem elementos para a discussão da aparente contradição entre a competição e a solidariedade, evidenciando alguns dilemas que vivem essas organizações, que vão da filantropia à ação estratégica, do mercado ao terceiro setor, das práticas globais às características organizacionais nacionais e locais.
A gestão local do desenvolvimento econômicos as experiências de Salvador e Porto Alegre
Authors: Moura Suzana , Loiola Elizabeth , Lima Ana Luiza de Codes
Published: June 2015

O presente trabalho discute quais seriam as perspectivas da gestão iocal do desenvolvimento econômico no Brasil, centrando-se nas seguintes questões: a direção das iniciativas econômicas que vêm sendo adotadas; o lugar que tais iniciativas ocupam no conjunto das políticas municipais; e os instrumentos de que dispõe o governo local para atuar neste âmbito. São analisadas as experiências de duas capitais brasileiras, Salvador e Porto Alegre, na década de 90. Inicialmente, faz-se uma breve revisão da literatura sobre o tema. Em seguida, são exibidas as visões de desenvolvimento local assumidas pelos governos, em cada uma das cidades, enfatizando os enfoques dados às questões da exclusão social e da competitividade urbana e são analisadas as iniciativas econômicas que vêm sendo implementadas, A conclusão discute as diferenças de enfoque e evidencia que, apesar das limitações, novos e antigos instrumentos podem ser utilizados na gestão local do desenvolvimento econômico.
Neocorporatismo e estado: a construção do espaço de dominação setorial
Authors: Oliveira Nelson
Published: June 2015

Neste artigo questiona-se tanto a reforma do Estado como o corporatismo como vias alternativas de saída para a crise. O argumento central é de que a reforma dotado e corporatismo são partes componentes de um mesmo processo de dominação de grupos setoriais. Estão ajustados à necessidade de reproduzir o capital num momento de clara crise estrutural. Deste ponto de vista, são ambos instrumentos conservadores e não vias alternativas.
Incidence of Herbicide Resistance, Seedling Emergence, and Seed Persistence of Smooth Barley (Hordeum glaucum) in South Australia
Authors: Shergill Lovreet S. , Fleet Benjamin , Preston Christopher , Gill Gurjeet
Published: June 2015

Smooth barley has emerged as a problematic weed in cereal crops of South Australia. After the recent reports of herbicide resistance and increase in seed dormancy in smooth barley, it was considered important to determine the herbicide resistance status and seedbank behavior of field populations of this weed species. A field survey was undertaken in the Upper North and Eyre Peninsula regions of South Australia in October 2012. Of the 90 smooth barley populations screened for resistance to quizalofop, 15% exhibited some level of resistance and 85% were susceptible. Resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides was low, with only 3 and 12% of populations classified as developing resistance to imazamox + imazapyr and sulfosulfuron, respectively. No multiple resistance patterns were observed; however, two ALS-inhibiting herbicide-resistant populations had sulfonylurea-to-imidazolinone cross-resistance. At the start of the growing season, the majority of smooth barley populations emerged rapidly (median 50% time to emergence [T50] = 8 d). In contrast, some populations of smooth barley displayed an extremely slow emergence pattern, withT50of > 20 d. No direct linkage between seed dormancy and herbicide resistance was observed. However, two acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase-inhibiting herbicide-resistant populations were highly dormant and exhibited delayed emergence. The majority of smooth barley populations showed low-level or no seedbank persistence, but a few populations persisted for 1 yr. However, some weed populations had up to 20% seedbank persistence from 1 yr to the next. Overall there was a strong negative relationship between smooth barley seedling emergence and the level of seed persistence (R2= 0.84, P < 0.05). This association indicated that greater seed dormancy could be responsible for extended persistence of the seedbank of this weed species. The study provides valuable insights into the general pattern of herbicide resistance and the behavior of the seedbank of smooth barley populations on South Australian farms.
Avaliação do desempenho docente: uma experiência formativa para alunos e professores
Authors: Novaes Adelina de Oliveira
Published: June 2015

O presente trabalho apresenta e discute uma experiência bem-sucedida de avaliação formativa no contexto do ensino superior. Ao inverter a posição tradicional do avaliador-professor e do avaliado-estudante, ele trata da avaliação do desempenho docente realizada pelo aluno como uma experiência formativa para ambos. O projeto avaliativo é desenvolvido há cerca de três anos em uma faculdade de direito da cidade de São Paulo e recorre a três métodos distintos: entrevista reflexiva coletiva, questionário e legitimação (ressignificação) dos resultados. A experiência tem se mostrado valiosa para educadores e alunos que, além de participarem de forma ativa das reflexões acerca da faculdade, podem fazer escolhas em suas trajetórias acadêmicas com base nas avaliações realizadas. Apesar de o presente trabalho evidenciar a importância da participação dos estudantes, dele é possível depreender que a avaliação do desempenho docente não deve ser realizada exclusivamente pelo aluno, devendo ser combinada a avaliações por pares, à autoavaliação do professor e à avaliação de outros tipos de atividade docente que não exclusivamente aquelas relacionadas às situações de sala de aula.
A prova escrita como instrumento de avaliação da aprendizagem do aluno de Ciências
Authors: Nuhs Aline Cristiane , Tomio Daniela
Published: June 2015

Identificar os sentidos que os professores e seus alunos de Ciências atribuem à prova escrita; avaliar a estrutura das provas e verificar as relações com os fundamentos teóricos de uma avaliação formativa; sugerir indicadores para a elaboração de uma prova escrita para a aprendizagem de Ciências que atenda as diretrizes de uma avaliação formativa foram os objetivos desta investigação. Para tal, realizaram-se entrevistas com alunos e professores de Ciências, de escolas estaduais de Blumenau - SC, e uma análise das provas por eles realizadas. Dentre as conclusões, destacamos que para os investigados a prova tem função apenas diagnóstica, e os alunos não a concebem como um indicativo para avaliar a sua própria aprendizagem. Na análise das provas, a ênfase é na avaliação apenas dos conteúdos conceituais e as questões são elaboradas, a fim de verificar a apreensão de fatos e não de conceitos. A compreensão dos sentidos dos professores e alunos investigados nos permite refletir sobre a avaliação nas aulas de Ciências e evidencia que ainda existe um vasto campo para a pesquisa e para as práticas de formação de professores.
Gestão educacional e resultados no Ideb: um estudo de caso em dez municípios cearenses
Authors: Vidal Eloisa Maia , Vieira Sofia Lerche
Published: June 2015

O artigo analisa o comportamento do Ideb das séries iniciais e finais do ensino fundamental em 10 municípios cearenses que compõem a amostra do projeto associado ao Observatório da Educação "Bons resultados no Ideb: estudo exploratório de fatores explicativos" (Capes/lnep/Secad). O pressuposto de análise consiste em observar até que ponto a gestão municipal tem uma visão sistêmica para a sua rede educacional, atuando na melhoria do desempenho dos alunos nas duas etapas do ensino fundamental. Para tanto, trabalha com dados quantitativos obtidos em bases de dados nacionais e em dados qualitativos provenientes de pesquisa de campo. Constatou-se que o fortalecimento da dimensão pedagógica criou condições para o aperfeiçoamento da instrução ministrada, no entanto perceberam-se também mudanças no conteúdo ensinado, com a redução do currículo e a supervalorização das matrizes da Prova Brasil. O comportamento dos resultados do Ideb nas séries finais se apresenta significativamente diferente dos alcançados nas séries iniciais, o que leva a indagar se, de fato, a gestão municipal está desenvolvendo iniciativas que atinjam todo o sistema ou se o esforço está concentrado apenas séries iniciais.
As regularidades e exceções no desempenho no Ideb dos municípios
Authors: Padilha Frederica , Érnica Mauricio , Batista Antônio Augusto Gomes , Pudenzi Luciana
Published: June 2015

Este artigo tem por objetivo explorar relações entre qualidade do Ensino Público no Fundamental II, a partir do Ideb 2009, e características dos municípios. Sua finalidade principal consiste em apreender tanto regularidades que marcam as desigualdades regionais e educacionais quanto os casos que rompem com essas regularidades. A análise indica três importantes resultados: (i) que as metrópoles apresentam indicadores negativos, o que reforça a hipótese de um efeito-metrópole sobre as desigualdades educacionais; (ii) que, no Nordeste, os resultados mais críticos parecem se concentrar na faixa litorânea e (iii) os municípios de alguns estados do Nordeste, especialmente os do Ceará, fogem ao padrão negativo da região, o que exige estudos aprofundados para compreensão de seus condicionantes socioeducacionais.
Diário de itinerância, recurso para formação e avaliação de estudantes universitários
Authors: Almeida Laurinda Ramalho de
Published: June 2015

Este artigo tem o objetivo de relatar a experiência da utilização do diário de itinerância, de René Barbier (2007) em dois cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu. O termo, cunhado pelo autor, é entendido como “bloco de apontamentos, no qual cada um anota o que sente, o que pensa, o que medita, o que poetiza, o que retém de uma teoria, de uma conversa, o que constrói para dar sentido à vida”. Barbier o propõe como técnica de pesquisa-ação, mas nos cursos foi empregado como recurso para formação e avaliação. Do primeiro curso são apresentados exemplos de diários elaborados e do segundo, depoimentos de alunos que os elaboraram e socializaram. Dentre as apreciações dos alunos quanto ao seu trabalho com os diários de itinerância destacam-se: registrar, nos diários, o que os afetou em sua trajetória escolar e profissional, proporcionou maior intimidade com o texto lido e discutido, e levou-os a reconhecer seu valor como profissional; além disso, forneceu elementos para autoconhecimento, tanto para o autor como para os que participaram da socialização.
Indicadores: conceito e complexidade do mensurar em estudos de fenômenos sociais
Authors: Soligo Valdecir
Published: June 2015

O presente artigo objetiva debater a categoria “indicadores”, focando o desenvolvimento histórico conceitual dos indicadores sociais e aspectos possíveis de relacionamento direto ou indireto com indicadores de qualidade da educação. Para tanto, faz-se uma breve incursão pelo processo de construção do campo teórico dos indicadores sociais para, posteriormente, analisar os Índices de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica nos municípios catarinenses com menos de cinco mil habitantes e que participaram da Prova Brasil nos ciclos de 2005, 2007 e 2009. O recorte espaço-temporal está relacionado à raridade de pesquisas que visam à construção de significados para os indicadores no contexto da realidade dos pequenos municípios brasileiros. Como resultado preliminar, destaca-se a fragilidade da relação entre indicadores sociais e educacionais, diante da complexidade conceitual e de mensuração de fenômenos sociais que exigem a reinserção, da parte mensurável, na realidade sócio-histórica da qual foi retirada para compreensão e significação política e social.
Avaliação e gestão municipal da educação
Authors: Sousa Sandra Zakia , Pimenta Cláudia Oliveira , Machado Cristiane
Published: June 2015

Analisar características de iniciativas de avaliação que vêm sendo implementadas, em redes municipais de ensino paulistas, é o objetivo deste artigo. Apresentam-se informações coletadas de catorze municípios por meio de entrevistas com os profissionais das Secretarias de Educação e de documentos produzidos pelas redes sobre seus sistemas de avaliação. Buscou-se identificar possíveis usos dos resultados das avaliações para a formulação e a implementação das políticas educacionais municipais e eventuais relações ou articulações com as avaliações conduzidas pelo governo federal. Evidenciou-se a tendência de adoção da avaliação, nos moldes conduzidos pelo governo federal; e identificou-se o uso do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica como um fator indutor de maior atenção aos resultados de desempenho de alunos.
Sobre a equidade e outros impactos dos incentivos monetários para professores
Authors: Brooke Nigel
Published: June 2015

Na educação, as políticas de responsabilização costumam gerar polêmica, sobretudo quando fundamentadas em medidas que criam consequências significativas para os professores e suas escolas. Em existência no Brasil por mais de uma década, o pagamento de bonificação anual à equipe escolar com base no nível de desempenho médio dos alunos em avaliações externas é o exemplo mais difundido no nosso meio de política de responsabilização high stakes. Entre as diversas críticas ao uso desse tipo de incentivo, encontra-se o temor que a política leve a desigualdades sistêmicas ainda maiores por incentivar os melhores professores a procurarem as escolas com alunos de nível socioeconômico mais alto. O artigo mostra que as consequências das políticas de incentivos dependem do seu desenho, e que com metodologias apropriadas é possível combater as desigualdades sociais do sistema.
Herramientas para la evaluación del bullying
Authors: Avilés Martínez José María
Published: June 2015

O bullying é um fenômeno que tem despertado interesse educacional e social e uma definição precisa para identificar seus componentes. O uso de autoinformes e heteroinformes é a forma predominante de avaliação, mas existem outras. A constatação das relações de maus-tratos nos espaços virtuais torna necessária a exploração desses cenários para medir suas peculiaridades, o impacto emocional que ocasionam e os valores que acabam colocando em jogo. A avaliação precisa levar em consideração o peso dos componentes que interagem nas dinâmicas individuais e grupais e que fazem surgir, manter e/ou mudar ou eliminar as condutas de assédio. Temos exigido uma mudança nesse sentido para melhorar a intervenção. A funcionalidade da avaliação do bullying consiste não só na explicação externa ou contextual da frequência e do modo como acontece, mas também na identificação das raízes que o fundamentam e o motivam. Assim, não erraremos o objeto educativo da intervenção.
O campo das políticas públicas de educação: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Martins Angela Maria
Published: June 2015

A revisão de literatura no campo das políticas públicas e, particularmente, no que diz respeito às políticas educacionais, indica a necessidade de aprofundamento do debate em torno de aspectos teóricos e metodológicos presentes na produção de pesquisas. Assim, este artigo discute, primeiramente, questões sinalizadas por estudiosos sobre origens e problemas na construção do campo disciplinar das políticas públicas para em seguida apontar elementos convergentes em balanços de literatura realizados por pesquisadores da educação, que há algum tempo assinalam fragilidades e potencialidades de estudos nessa área do conhecimento. Finalmente, discute-se que parte das pesquisas não consegue superar, ainda, o dilema da ausência de articulação entre as diferentes dimensões que compõem a análise das políticas educacionais.
Avaliação educacional: uma perspectiva histórica
Authors: Vianna Heraldo Marelim
Published: June 2015

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Formação inicial de professores para a educação básica: pesquisas e políticas educacionais
Authors: Gatti Bernardete A.
Published: June 2015

O artigo aborda a relação complexa entre pesquisa e políticas educacionais e propõe-se a fazer uma síntese do estado do conhecimento sobre formação inicial de professores nos cursos de graduação. Com base em pesquisas e ensaios relevantes sobre o tema, discute os aspectos que mais recorrentemente emergem nesses trabalhos, a saber: improvisação de professores; ausência de uma política nacional específica para as licenciaturas; pouca atenção às pesquisas sobre o tema; diretrizes curriculares  isoladas por curso; currículos fragmentados; estágios sem projeto e acompanhamento; aumento da oferta de cursos a distância; despreparo de docentes das instituições de ensino superior para formar professores; e características socioeducacionais e culturais dos estudantes, permanência e evasão nos cursos. Conclui que os impasses encontrados chamam por novas posturas institucionais e políticas mais vigorosas, e que as pesquisas têm muito a contribuir para isso.
Segregação escolar na cidade do Rio de Janeiro: análise da movimentação de estudantes
Authors: Bartholo Tiago Lisboa
Published: June 2015

O artigo analisa o fenômeno das transferências de alunos entre escolas municipais da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e suas possíveis relações com processos de segregação escolar. É utilizado um indicador para medir a segregação escolar – o Segregation Index –, em desenhos longitudinais para todas as transições do ensino fundamental. Os dados foram fornecidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação e o contemplam todos os alunos da rede entre 2006 e 2011. Três características dos alunos foram consideradas: cor/raça; educação dos pais; e condição de pobreza. Os resultados sugerem que: o impacto do remanejamento de alunos entre o primeiro e o segundo segmentos é desagregador, ou seja, as escolas se tornam mais misturadas em sua composição social; as transferências ao longo do segundo segmento apresentam um padrão definido e sugerem um processo constante de seleção do alunado.
Cobranças, estratégias e “jeitinhos”: avaliações em larga escala no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Rosistolato Rodrigo , Prado Ana Pires do , Fernández Silvina Julia
Published: June 2015

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever e analisar visões de gestores da rede municipal do Rio de Janeiro sobre as avaliações em larga escala e seus reflexos no cotidiano escolar. Os dados foram mapeados em quatro grupos focais, dois com diretores e dois com profissionais da gestão central e intermediária da Secretaria Municipal de Educação. Demonstraremos que, apesar das avaliações externas ainda se apresentarem como eventos extraordinários ao cotidiano escolar, há uma tendência à utilização dos dados delas resultantes como norteadores das práticas de gestão, mesmo com o desconhecimento técnico das avaliações. Foi possível perceber um “efeito dominó”. Trata-se de um conjunto de cobranças sucessivas aos agentes de acordo com sua posição na hierarquia da gestão, que induz estratégias para melhorar o desempenho institucional, assim como “jeitinhos” e estratagemas orientados pela expectativa de aumentar os índices das escolas.
Avaliações finais sobre o PNE 2001-2010 e preliminares do PNE 2014-2024
Authors: Souza Donaldo Bello de
Published: June 2015

O presente artigo visa a discutir os resultados de algumas avaliações acadêmicas sobre a implantação do Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE) 2001-2010, assinalando aspectos de seu processo de elaboração e aprovação e das análises a respeito do plano sancionado, que apontam para avaliações preliminares do PNE 2014-2024. Tomando por base a revisão da literatura, conclui-se não haver consenso sobre o êxito daquele primeiro PNE, quer entre os estudos de maior abrangência analítica, quer entre esses e as avaliações que enfocam o exame das decisões relativas a determinadas etapas e modalidades da educação básica, essas consensualmente negativas em termos de resultados, impactos ou efeitos observados. Comparativamente ao primeiro plano, ressalta-se, ainda, que a literatura que versa acerca do novo PNE sugere estar mais atenta ao monitoramento do seu desenvolvimento inicial e futuro.
Landscape properties mediate the homogenization of bird assemblages during climatic extremes
Authors: Haslem Angie , Nimmo Dale G. , Radford James Q. , Bennett Andrew F.
Published: June 2015

Extreme weather events, such as drought, have marked impacts on biotic communities. In many regions, a predicted increase in occurrence of such events will be imposed on landscapes already heavily modified by human land use. There is an urgency, therefore, to understand the way in which the effects of such events may be exacerbated, or moderated, by different patterns of landscape change. We used empirical data on woodland‐dependent birds in southeast Australia, collected during and after a severe drought, to document temporal change in the composition of bird assemblages in 24 landscapes (each 100 km2) representing a gradient in the cover of native wooded vegetation (from 60% to <2%). We examined (a) whether drought caused region‐wide homogenization of the composition of landscape bird assemblages, and (b) whether landscape properties influenced the way assemblages changed in response to drought. To quantify change, we used pairwise indices of assemblage dissimilarity, partitioned into components that represented change in the richness of assemblages and change in the identity of constituent species (turnover). There was widespread loss of woodland birds in response to drought, with only partial recovery following drought‐breaking rains. Region‐wide, the composition of landscape assemblages became more different over time, primarily caused by turnover‐related differentiation. The response of bird assemblages to drought varied between landscapes and was strongly associated with landscape properties. The extent of wooded vegetation had the greatest influence on assemblage change: landscapes with more native vegetation had more stable bird assemblages over time. However, for the component processes of richness‐ and turnover‐related compositional change, measures of landscape productivity had a stronger effect. For example, landscapes with more riparian vegetation maintained more stable assemblages in terms of richness. These results emphasize the importance of the total extent of native vegetation, both overall cover and that occurring in productive parts of the landscape, for maintaining bird communities whose composition is resistant to severe drought. While extreme climatic events cannot be prevented, their effects can be ameliorated by managing the pattern of native vegetation in anthropogenic landscapes, with associated benefits for maintaining ecological processes and human well‐being.
Multidrug Resistant in Nosocomial Urinary Tract
Infections at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kerala, India
Authors: Bijapur Gufran Ahmed M. , Maulingkar Saleel V. , Greeshma B. , Usman Shaik Mohammed
Published: June 2015

Background:

Nosocomial UTI (NUTI) is a major cause of morbidity in hospitalized patients and presence of
urinary catheter is its single most important predisposing factor. Antibiotic resistance is a problem in these infections.

Objectives:

To estimate the prevalence of NUTI in our setting, identify the predisposing factors and etiological agents of
NUTI; to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the pathogens; to identify the risk factors for the acquisition of
antibiotic resistance in these patients and to study the effect of duration of catheterization on the nature of infection.

Materials and Methods:

After identifying suspected cases of NUTI based on signs and symptoms, relevant clinical details
were noted and the urine samples were collected aseptically and cultured on blood agar and MacConkey’s agar using the
calibrated-loop-semi-quantitative method. Isolates from samples with significant bacteriuria were identified. Antibiotic
susceptibility test was performed using modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Resistance of the isolates to
fluoroquinolones and third generation cephalosporins was confirmed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using
agar dilution method for ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime respectively.

Results:

Catheterization was the most common (88.1%) predisposing factor for NUTI. was the most common
single isolate, accounting for 96 (41.2%) of the total 233 isolates. Multidrug resistance was observed in 81 (84.37%) of isolates. High rates of resistance were found with ampicillin (91.66%), ciprofloxacin (75%), cotrimoxazole (71.87%),
cefuroxime (82.29%), cefotaxime (79.16%), cefepime (67.7%) and amoxicillin/clavulanate (63.54%) among the E. coli
isolates. However, imipenem (0% resistance), meropenem(0%), piperacillin-tazobactam (15.62%), amikacin (5.2%) and
nitrofurantoin (26.04%) appeared to have retained greater activity.

Conclusion:

Considering the high rates of resistance found with fluoroquinolones, ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and
cephalosporins, these can no longer be recommended for empiric therapy of NUTIs. Instead, imipenem, pipericillintazobactam,
amikacin and nitrofurantoin should be considered for initial therapy with prompt de-escalation following
receipt of the culture and sensitivity result.
Hip Arthroscopy in the Presence of Acetabular Dysplasia
Authors: Jayasekera Narlaka , Aprato Alessandro , Villar Richard N
Published: June 2015

Purpose :

Hip arthroscopy is a well established therapeutic intervention for an increasing number of painful hip conditions. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is commonly associated with intra-articular hip pathology. However, some surgeons perceive patients with hip dysplasia as poor candidates for hip arthroscopy. Our aim was to describe early outcomes of arthroscopic treatment for patients with DDH, who also had femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) treated when necessary, and to compare these outcomes against a control group of patients without DDH.

Methods :

Prospective case-control study of 68 consecutive hip arthroscopy patients assessed with a modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) preoperatively and at six weeks, six months, and one year after surgery. Presence of DDH was determined using a standard anteroposterior (AP) pelvic radiograph to measure the centre-edge angle (CEA) of Wiberg, with a CEA < 20º used as threshold for diagnosis of DDH.

Results :

12 patients (eight female and four male) with acetabular dysplasia and mean CEA of 15.4º (9º to 19º). The control, nondysplastic group comprised 54 patients (23 females and 31 males) with a mean CEA of 33.1º (22º to 45º). All patients in the dysplastic group had a labral tear and 11 (91.7%) had associated femoral cam impingement lesion addressed at arthroscopy. Our study demonstrates a significant (p=0.02) improvement in outcome in the dysplastic group at one year using the mHHS.

Conclusion :

Hip arthroscopy in the presence of DDH is effective in relieving pain for at least one year after surgery although does not address underlying acetabular abnormality.
Epidemiology of Orthopaedic Trauma Admissions Over One Year in a District General Hospital in England
Authors: Taylor A , Young A
Published: June 2015

Introduction :

Admission to district general hospitals in England has undergone change in recent years due to both an aging population and the reconfiguration of the major trauma network throughout the United Kingdom.

Methods :

We utilised a retrospective cohort study to analyse the epidemiology over a 12-month period at a district general hospital. Data was collected and divided into groups: upper limb, lower limb, vertebral disc disease, vertebral fracture, cellulitis without bone involvement and deep infection including metalwork.

Results :

2817 patients were admitted over the 12-month period. There were 893 upper limb fractures, 1511 lower limb fractures, 126 vertebral disc disease, 55 vertebral fractures, 108 cellulitis without bone involvement and 124 deep infections with 19 admissions not specified due to coding. AN average of 242 patients were admitted each month with the majority admitted during the summer months.

Conclusion :

Although fractures make up the majority of the reason for which a person is admitted, there are also many other injuries/morbidities, which may necessitate admission. There is an increasing incidence of elderly osteoporotic fractures in females, which is balancing out the previously more common fractures seen in younger adults and adolescents.
The Effects of the Auditor's Insurance Role on Reporting Conservatism and Audit Quality
Authors: Liao Pei-Cheng , Radhakrishnan Suresh
Published: June 2015

We examine the effects of the auditor's insurance role on audit quality and reporting conservatism. The investor pays for the auditor's penalty through the audit fees and expects to collect a portion of it—when the investor recovers the entire expected penalty, the insurance role is perfect. When the investment is exogenous, consistent with Watts' (2003a, 2003b) argument, we find that an increase in the auditor's insurance role improves audit quality and conservatism, because conservatism helps to reduce the auditor's legal liability. However, when the investment level is endogenous, we find that the investment level and conservatism decrease with increases in the auditor's insurance role, because conservatism helps to mitigate the deadweight loss of the legal liability cost.
“Doing Good Field Research”: Assessing the Quality of Audit Field Research
Authors: Malsch Bertrand , Salterio Steven E.
Published: June 2015

Field research is increasingly being employed by audit researchers around the world. However, given that many doctoral programs, especially in North America, devote little or no time to this method, understanding what constitutes good auditing field research is problematic for many editors and reviewers. Hence, the goal of this article is simple: to provide editors and reviewers with a set of suggestions/guidelines that can be employed to assess the quality of auditing field research as field research. In addition, this article might be helpful to those audit researchers who are teaching themselves field research methods to calibrate their understanding of rigorous and trustworthy field-based research methods, as well as for doctoral students and accounting departments interested in expanding their scope of course offerings. To achieve this goal we pose and answer ten questions about field research quality illustrating our responses with best practices observed in currently published or forthcoming papers. We also identify various methodological resources that will assist editors, reviewers, and authors in developing a greater appreciation for and an ability to evaluate qualitative auditing research.
Does Selling Non-Audit Services Impair Auditor Independence? New Research Says, “Yes”
Authors: Causholli Monika , Chambers Dennis J. , Payne Jeff L.
Published: June 2015

A recently published academic study by Causholli, Chambers, and Payne (2014) brings new evidence to a long-standing debate about whether the provision of non-audit services (NAS) can impair auditor independence. Prior research on this question has largely found no evidence of lower financial reporting quality when auditors provide high levels of NAS. By considering the potential that future NAS, rather than current NAS levels, could impair auditor independence, Causholli et al. (2014) bring a fresh perspective on the question. They argue that it is the potential for new NAS revenue that would most likely cause auditors to have impaired independence. They find strong evidence that audit quality suffers when clients are willing to purchase future NAS from their auditor.
Reliability of digital orthodontic setups
Authors: Barreto Monica S. , Faber Jorge , Vogel Carlos J. , Araujo Telma M.
Published: June 2015

Objective: 

To evaluate the reliability of digital orthodontic setup technology by comparing it with manual setups and models cast at the end of orthodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods: 

Initial models, manual setups, and final models of 20 patients were used. The initial and final models, as well as the manual setups, were scanned using a 3Shape R-700 scanner, while the digital setups were fabricated based on the initial models using 3Shape OrthoAnalyzer software. Evaluation of the models based on the manual setup, digital setup, and final models of each patient was performed using the following linear measurements: intercanine widths, intermolar widths, and length of the upper and lower dental arches.

Results: 

The results disclosed that none of the measures assessed through the manual setup, digital setup, and final models showed statistically significant differences (P > .05).

Conclusions: 

Based on these findings, it can be inferred that digital setups are as effective and accurate as manual setups and constitute a tool for diagnosing and treatment planning that can be reliably reproduced in orthodontic treatments.
Correlation between glucose concentrations in serum, plasma, and whole blood measured by a point-of-care glucometer and serum glucose concentration measured by an automated biochemical analyzer for canine and feline blood samples
Authors: Tauk Barbara S. , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Wallace Koranda A. , Hess Rebecka S.
Published: June 2015

Objective—To investigate the correlation between glucose concentrations in serum, plasma, and whole blood measured by a point-of-care glucometer (POCG) and serum glucose concentration measured by a biochemical analyzer.

Design—Prospective clinical study.

Samples—96 blood samples from 80 dogs and 90 blood samples from 65 cats.

Procedures—Serum, plasma, and whole blood were obtained from each blood sample. The glucose concentrations in serum, plasma, and whole blood measured by a POCG were compared with the serum glucose concentration measured by a biochemical analyzer by use of the Lin concordance correlation coefficient (ρc) and Bland-Altman plots.

Results—For both canine and feline samples, glucose concentrations in serum and plasma measured by the POCG were more strongly correlated with the serum glucose concentration measured by the biochemical analyzer (ρc, 0.98 for both canine serum and plasma; ρc, 0.99 for both feline serum and plasma) than was that in whole blood (ρc, 0.62 for canine samples; ρc, 0.90 for feline samples). The mean difference between the glucose concentrations determined by the biochemical analyzer and the POCG in serum, plasma, and whole blood was 0.4, 0.3, and 31 mg/dL, respectively, for canine samples and 7, 6, and 32 mg/dL, respectively, for feline samples.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that use of a POCG to measure glucose concentrations in serum or plasma may increase the accuracy and reliability of diagnostic and treatment decisions associated with glucose homeostasis disorders in dogs and cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015;246:1327–1333)
Diagnostic Value of Clinical Cervical Spine Tests in Patients With Cervicogenic Somatic Tinnitus
Authors: Michiels Sarah , Van de Heyning Paul , Truijen Steven , De Hertogh Willem
Published: June 2015

Background

Tinnitus can be related to many different etiologies, such as hearing loss or a noise trauma, but it also can be related to the somatosensory system of the cervical spine. The diagnosis of cervicogenic somatic tinnitus (CST) is made when the predominant feature is the temporal coincidence of appearance or increase of both neck pain and tinnitus.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of clinical cervical spine tests in people with CST.

Design

A cross-sectional study was conducted.

Setting

The study was conducted at a tertiary referral center.

Patients

Consecutive adult patients with chronic subjective nonpulsatile tinnitus were included. Exclusion criteria were vertigo, Ménière disease, middle ear pathology, intracranial pathology, cervical spine surgery, whiplash trauma, and temporomandibular dysfunction.

Measurements

A full ear, nose, and throat examination was conducted to classify patients into CST and non-CST groups. The physical therapist examination included completion of the Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire (NBQ) and the following clinical cervical spine tests: manual rotation test, adapted Spurling test (AST), trigger point tests, and tests for strength and endurance of the deep neck flexors.

Results

Eighty-seven patients with tinnitus were included, of whom 37 (43%) were diagnosed with CST. The diagnosis of CST becomes less likely with NBQ scores of <14 points (sensitivity of 80%, likelihood ratio [LR] of 0.3, and posttest probability of 19%). Absence of trigger points corresponded to an LR of 0.3, a sensitivity of 82%, and a posttest probability of 22%. A positive manual rotation test and AST indicate a higher probability of CST (LR of 5, specificity of 90%, and posttest probability of 78%).

Limitations

A limited number of clinical cervical spine tests were used in this study. Although tests with good validity and reliability were included, additional tests could provide more information on cervical spine dysfunction in patients with CST.

Conclusions

Clinical cervical spine tests can support the diagnostic process for CST. An NBQ score of <14 points and the absence of trigger points can help to exclude CST. In contrast, a positive manual rotation test and AST can help to include CST. In future studies, these tests should be included in a multidisciplinary assessment of patients with suspected CST.
The Cumulative Disadvantages of First- and Second-Generation Segregation for Middle School Achievement
Authors: Mickelson Roslyn Arlin
Published: June 2015

Middle schools are important because they launch students on trajectories that they are likely to follow throughout their formal educations. This study explored the relationship of first-generation segregation (elementary and middle school racial composition) and second-generation segregation (racially correlated academic tracks) to reading and mathematics test scores of Grade 8 students who attended the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools (CMS) in 1997. At the time the data were collected, the district had been operating under a mandatory desegregation plan since the early 1970s, which it continued to do for another five years. While the majority of students attended desegregated schools for most of their CMS education, a portion of youth also experienced school- and classroom-level segregation. Survey data collected from 1,812 students in randomly selected language arts classes stratified by track from the district’s 24 middle schools were analyzed with multilevel modeling to examine the influence of school and classroom racial composition on standardized scores, controlling for student and family factors associated with school performance. Results indicate that school- and classroom-level racial segregation was negatively related to achievement. Beginning in elementary school, sequential experiences of first- and second-generation segregation likely triggered a cycle of cumulative disadvantage for respondents’ middle school educational outcomes. This article contributes to the literatures on the structural antecedents of school success and failure, the ways that many positive desegregation effects are undermined by tracking, and how first- and second-generation segregation contributes to maintaining the race gap in school outcomes.
The Crowd
Authors: Malabou Catherine
Published: June 2015

What if we took the phrase la démocratie à venir at its word? In other words, what if we understood ‘democracy to come’ as the abrupt arrival of the people, as the instant in which a crowd floods in with overwhelming force? Reading Jacques Derrida alongside Elias Canetti's Crowds and Power, ‘The Crowd’ answers these questions by considering Derrida's ‘democracy to come’ in terms of political figuration rather than representation. Through the tropes of touch, masking and flight, this paper explores the play of distances that occurs between members in the crowd and in turn suggests an inextricable link between democratic thought, on the one hand, and, on the other, the metamorphoses that the crowd precipitates. Between fluidity and paralysis, individual and collective, this paper grapples with a surprising aporia—that democracy is the aristocratic secret of the crowd. ‘The Crowd’ was originally presented as ‘La Foule’ at the 2002 Cerisy Conference, La démocratie à venir (Autour de Jacques Derrida), which explored the political significance of Derrida's work.
Unresolved Futurities: On Hermeneutical Shapes
Authors: Allred Ammon
Published: June 2015

I offer a hermeneutical/deconstructive interpretation of a specific drawing by Leonardo da Vinci and a thought-experiment suggested by that drawing. My reason for turning to this drawing is that it graphically illustrates an ambiguity in Martin Heidegger's notion of the hermeneutical circle. I take this ambiguity to be illustrative of an interpretive problem of crucial importance to mainstream interpretations of Heidegger as well as to the hermeneutical and deconstructive traditions. I explicate this problem through an interpretation of relevant passages in Being and Time and argue 1) that there are two different, irreducible understandings of futurity in Heidegger's thought, and 2) that Heidegger's understanding of the present helps to mediate these different meanings of futurity. The thought experiment with which the article begins raises questions about the role of the imagination in understanding the temporal structure of intentionality. By calling attention to the mediating role that the present plays in Heidegger's understanding of temporality in Part II of Being and Time, I argue for an interpretation of the hermeneutics of understanding that better answers the questions posed by this thought experiment.
Effect of Provision of Feed and Water during Transport on the Welfare of Weaned Pigs
Authors: Garcia Arlene , Pirner Glenna , Picinin Guilherme , May Matthew , Guay Kimberly , Backus Brittany , Sutherland Mhairi , McGlone John
Published: June 2015

Transportation is a complex stressor made up of factors including weaning itself and withdrawal from feed and water. Therefore, transportation has the potential to negatively impact the health and welfare of weaned pigs. Pigs were transported for 32 h and measures of performance, physiology, and behavior were taken to assess piglet welfare. Treatment groups included pigs not weaned or transported (CON), weaned pigs provided with feed and water (WEAN+), weaned pigs not provided with feed and water (WEAN−), weaned and transported pigs provided with feed and water (TRANS+), and weaned and transported pigs not provided with feed and water (TRANS−). Body weight loss was different among treatments (p < 0.01). CON pigs had a 6.5% ± 0.45% gain in body weight after 32 h. WEAN+, WEAN−, TRANS+, and TRANS− groups all had a loss in body weight of 5.9% ± 0.45%, 7.8% ± 0.45%, 6.5% ± 0.45% and 9.1% ± 0.46%, respectively. The N:L was greater in all weaned pigs at 8 h compared to CON pigs (p < 0.01). WEAN− and transported pigs had significantly higher N:L than CON pigs from 8 h through 16 h, however, all treatment groups were similar to CON pigs after 16 h irrespective of provision of feed and water. Blood glucose levels were lower in transported and/or weaned pigs than CON pigs after 16 h irrespective of the provision of feed and water. TRANS+ females had higher creatine kinase (CK) levels than males (p < 0.05). After a 16 h transport period, TRANS− pigs had higher total plasma protein (TP) levels than all other treatment groups (p < 0.05). Significant changes in behavior were observed during and after transportation, which could also be indicative of stress. Overall, transportation and weaning had a negative effect on performance, physiology and behavior (both during and post-weaning) of pigs, especially when feed and water was not provided. Transporting pigs without feed and water for more than 24 h was a welfare concern as indicated by changes in body weight and physiology measures of stress.
Comparative Analysis of Phenolics, Flavonoids, and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Methanolic, Hexanic and Aqueous Extracts from Adiantum caudatum Leaves
Authors: Ahmed Dildar , Khan Muhammad , Saeed Ramsha
Published: June 2015

In the quest for new medicines, the methanolic, hexanic, and aqueous extracts of Adiantum caudatum leaves, obtained by Soxhlet extraction, were analyzed for phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. TPCs (total phenolic content) of the methanolic, aqueous and hexanic extracts were 27.7, 21.1, and 16.7 μg of gallic acid equivalents per mL, respectively, while TFCs (total flavonoid content) were 13.2, 11.6, and 10.0 μg of rutin equivalents per mL, respectively. Antioxidant activities of the extracts in reducing power, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), phosphomolybdate and ABTS assays follow the same order of methanolic ˃ aqueous ˃ hexanic. In the DPPH assay, however, the aqueous extract exhibited a slightly higher antioxidant activity than the methanolic one. Methanol is therefore a better solvent to extract most of the antioxidant components from A. caudatum leaves. In lipid peroxidation inhibitory assay, the extracts showed almost similar behavior and their activity decreased gradually with time. The aqueous extract was the strongest inhibitor after two days, but the hexanic became the most potent after about three days. The antibacterial potential of the extracts was determined against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Towards all the microbes, the aqueous extract was the most potent and the hexanic the least. P. aeruginosa was the most susceptible strain, while the aqueous and methanolic extracts exhibited a slightly higher efficacy against this pathogen than the drug amoxicillin. In conclusion, A. caudatum can potentially provide a remedy against disorders caused by oxidative stress and infections.
Density Regression Based on Proportional Hazards Family
Authors: Dang Wei , Yu Keming
Published: June 2015

This paper develops a class of density regression models based on proportional hazards family, namely, Gamma transformation proportional hazard (Gt-PH) model . Exact inference for the regression parameters and hazard ratio is derived. These estimators enjoy some good properties such as unbiased estimation, which may not be shared by other inference methods such as maximum likelihood estimate (MLE). Generalised confidence interval and hypothesis testing for regression parameters are also provided. The method itself is easy to implement in practice. The regression method is also extended to Lasso-based variable selection.