bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Library Services Navigation: Improving the Online User Experience
Authors: Rennick Brian
Published: March 2019

While the discoverability of traditional information resources is often the focus of library website design, there is also a need to help users find other services such as equipment, study rooms, and programs. A recent assessment of the Brigham Young University Library website identified nearly two hundred services. Many of these service descriptions were buried deep in the site, making them difficult to locate. This article will describe a web application that was developed to improve service discovery and to help ensure the accuracy and maintainability of service information on an academic library website.
Flensborg under krigen i 1864 - oplevet af byens dansksindede
Authors: Rasmussen René
Published: March 2019

Flensborg var i 1864 en splittet by. Et lille flertal af byens indbyggere var overvejende kongetro og loyalt, mens et stort mindretal var slesvig-holstensk sindet. Begge sider fulgte krigens udvikling med spænding, men deres forhåbninger til krigens udfald gik i hver sin retning. Museumsinspektør René Rasmussen, Sønderborg Slot, følger stemningsskiftene blandt byens dansksindede indbyggere fra ængstelse og håb ved krigsudbruddet i januar til fortvivlelse og resignation i juni, da preussernes overgang til Als afgjorde krigen.
Krigen 1864 på Kinakysten
Authors: Jespersen Mikkel Leth
Published: March 2019

I 1864 havde hertugdømmernes søfart på Kinakysten nået et anseeligt niveau og dominerede fuldstændig de danske erhvervsinteresser i Fjernøsten. De slesvigske handelsskibe var primært hjemmehørende i Aabenraa, Sønderborg og Flensborg, mens de holstenske skibe næsten alle havde hjemme i Altona. Da krigen brød ud i 1864, viste det sig snart, at hertugdømmernes Kinafarere befandt sig i en usikker position. Preussen, der før krigsudbruddet havde sendt krigskorvetten Gazelle til Fjernøsten på en diplomatisk mission, kunne nu benytte denne mod den danske handel på Kinakysten. Der var ingen danske orlogsskibe i området, som kunne beskytte den danske søfart. Handelsskibene, der endnu alle blev fremført af sejl, havde ikke andet forsvar end et par kanoner, som egentlig kun var beregnet til salut og afskrækkelse af kinesiske pirater. De kunne derfor intet stille op mod et moderne dampdrevet krigsskib. Selvom Gazelle kun opbragte fire fartøjer i alt, og selve opbringelserne var forholdsvis udramatiske, spredte dens aktiviteter utryghed om bord på de andre danske skibe i området. Samtidig blev det diplomatiske forløb omkring dem langt og indviklet. Tabet af Slesvig og Holsten senere samme år betød et alvorligt knæk for tidens danske søfart på Kinakysten.
"Kampen om Dybbøl har givet os dyrebare minder". Slaget ved Dybbøl i eftertidens mindearrangementer
Authors: Frederiksen Signe
Published: March 2019

I 2014 har Slaget ved Dybbøl været på manges læber. Slaget har nu i 150 år indtaget en central plads i dansk national identitet og mindekultur. Siden 1921 er Slaget ved Dybbøl årligt blevet markeret ved fællesgravene på Dybbøl Banke, men tilbage fra 50-årsmindedagen i 1914 har de runde mindeår givet anledning til større mindearrangementer. Det er disse arrangementer, artiklen vil beskæftige sig med.
De danske civilfanger under Første Verdenskrig
Authors: Nissen Mogens Rostgaard
Published: March 2019

Ved udbruddet af Første Verdenskrig blev knap 300 dansksindede slesvigere interneret, og de dansksindede aviser i Nordslesvig og Flensborg blev forbudt. De fleste var arresteret frem til midten af september 1914, hvorefter de igen blev frigivet. Begrundelsen for arrestationerne var, at de militære myndigheder frygtede, at de dansksindede slesvigere ville spionere mod Tyskland. Derfor var der i fredstid opstillet navnelister over dem, der skulle arresteres ved krigsudbruddet. Få dage inden krigen brød ud, kom der kontraordre fra Krigsministeriet og Indenrigsministeriet i Berlin. Regeringen ønskede alligevel ikke at foretage præventive interneringer og avislukninger i Nordslesvig, men disse nye instrukser blev ikke fulgt af de lokale  myndigheder i Slesvig-Holsten.
Flensborg den 24. maj 1943
Authors: Thomsen Merete Bo
Published: March 2019

Den 19. maj 1943 blev Flensborg udsat for et voldsomt bombardement, hvor 82 blev dræbt og 121 såredes. Af de dræbte tilhørte 24 det danske mindretal i Sydslesvig, som derpå arrangerede sin egen fælles begravelsesceremoni. I sin dagbog skrev e´n af de deltagende danske præster, K.E. Jordt Jørgensen, om adskillige af de flensborgere, der tillige havde overværet den tyske massebegravelse: »aldrig havde de følt forskellen mellem tysk nazisme og dansk ånd så udpræget som ved denne  lejlighed.« Men hvori adskilte den danske ceremoni sig fra den tyske, og var der også lighedspunkter? Dette undersøges i den følgende artikel.
"Så har vi dem igen" - kontinuitet og brud i det tyske mindretals ledelse hen over 1945
Authors: Hansen Hans Schultz
Published: March 2019

Maj 1945 blev også for det tyske mindretal »Stunde Null«. Dets institutioner lå billedligt talt i ruiner, og dets ledere og mange menige medlemmer blev interneret i Fårhuslejren og dømt under retsopgøret. I november 1945 begyndte  genopbygningen af mindretallet med stiftelsen af Bund Deutscher Nordschleswiger på grundlag af en loyalitetserklæring til den danske stat. På dansk side tvivlede mange i begyndelsen på mindretallets nye bekendelse til 1920-grænsen og demokratiet. Især blev det bemærket, når personer med udpræget nazistisk fortid genindtog ledende poster i de nye organisationer. Arkiv- og forskningsleder Hans Schultz Hansen undersøger her omfanget af dette fænomen.
En nordslesvigsk præst. Carsten Petersen 1871-1943
Authors: Jessen Carl Christian
Published: March 2019

En af det sønderjyske landsarkivs flittigste forskere i den første periode var pastor em. Carsten Petersen. Kirker og præstegårde og præster blev hentet frem fra de gamle dokumenter og levendegjort. Mindre kendt er nok den rolle, som Carsten  Petersen selv spillede i kirkelivet, både i den tyske tid og efter Verdenskrigen og Genforeningen. Hans egne, desværre alt for kortfattede erindringer gengives her. Vi møder en mand, der kan skrive, fordi han har noget på hjerte.
Det danske mindretals engagement i mindretalssamarbejdet i Weimarrepublikken
Authors: Prose Jana
Published: March 2019

I 1924 sluttede mindretallene i Tyskland sig sammen i Forbundet af Nationale Mindretal i Tyskland. Formålet med dette forbund var blandt andet at arbejde sammen for at forbedre mindretallenes rettigheder og at sætte en dagsorden på europæisk plan. Fra 1925 udgav forbundet derfor et tidsskrift Kulturwille (senere Kulturwehr). Det danske mindretal engagerede sig op igennem Weimarrepublikken i mindretalssamarbejdet, hvilket vakte opsigt både i Tyskland og Danmark. I den følgende  artikel belyses, hvordan det danske mindretals engagement i samarbejdet blev fremstillet i mindretalstidsskriftet Kulturwehr, og hvorledes dette engagement blev vurderet i den danske og den tyske regering.
De Hvide Busser i et sønderjysk perspektiv
Authors: Kristensen Henrik Skov
Published: March 2019

Omtrent 17.500 fanger blev mod slutningen af Anden Verdenskrig reddet ud af de tyske kz-lejre gennem den såkaldte ‘Bernadotte-aktion’. Internationalt anses aktionen, der også kaldes for ‘De hvide Busser’, for at være svensk, men den havde også et stærkt dansk islæt. Sønderjylland var den landsdel, som blev stærkest berørt af aktionen, og De Hvide Busser udgør en meget væsentlig komponent i den sønderjyske erindring om Besættelsen. Artiklen, der bunder i et af forfatteren tilrettelagt foredrag, beskriver primært, hvordan Sønderjylland og sønderjyder var berørt af aktionen, men også hvordan synet på aktionen har udviklet sig, og om der er baggrund for en justering af hele vurderingen af De Hvide Busser.
Diverse
Authors: Forfattere Flere
Published: March 2019

Anmeldelser, forfatterliste og årsberetninger.
Digte i sønderjydsk Maal
Authors: Andersen N.
Published: March 2019

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Folkeviser fra Sønderjylland
Authors: Olrik Axel
Published: March 2019

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Bidrag til Haderslev Amts Historie og Beskrivelse
Authors: Lauridsen P.
Published: March 2019

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Den ældste lutherske Kirkeordinans i den danske Kirkeprovins
Authors: Jørgensen A. D.
Published: March 2019

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Evangelisk-luthersk Psalmebog for de dansktalende Menigheder i Slesvig. En Anmeldelse
Authors: Nissen Hans
Published: March 2019

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UN ROMAN « NÉ DANS SA PROPRE NÉGATION »
Authors: RIZZUTO LILIANA
Published: March 2019

Cet article examine le maillage des considérations religieuses et littéraires dans le roman Angéline de Montbrun de Laure Conan. Privilégiant une lecture proche du texte, il s’intéresse spécifiquement à la manière dont le roman sert le discours religieux, l’encadre, le motive, lui donne force d’exemple, et, inversement, à la façon dont le religieux sert le roman. L’auteure décrit ainsi comment la perte des illusions qui succède à l’éveil spirituel du personnage central d’Angéline devient, paradoxalement, le déclencheur de sa quête romanesque.
ANGÉLINE DE MONTBRUN ET LÉVI-STRAUSS
Authors: LACROIX MICHEL
Published: March 2019

Plusieurs travaux ont montré que les rapports troubles et violents entre pères et
filles structurent une part importante de l’oeuvre de Conan. Depuis, bien des analyses de la
dynamique incestueuse ont été proposées. Cet article s’attaque à son tour à ce noeud
symbolique en l’éclairant à partir de la théorisation par Lévi-Strauss de la tension
fondatrice entre nature et culture. Ceci permettra de montrer comment le spectre de
l’inceste est une des figures par lesquelles le refus de l’échange, du changement et de
l’historicité structure Angéline de Montbrun.
MINA DARVILLE
Authors: SAINT-MARTIN LORI
Published: March 2019

Angéline de Montbrun est le roman de l’amitié, mais aussi de la rivalité,
entre femmes. Cet article adopte résolument le point de vue de Mina, mal-aimée du roman et
des critiques, en inventant là où les indices manquent. Apparaît alors un autre roman,
empreint d’ardeur et d’envie, centré sur de multiples triangles incestueux et mettant en
scène un univers polyamoureux, presque païen, chaste mais radical et donc condamné à
disparaître. Entre Angéline et Mina, entre le blanc cygne et le vilain petit canard,
s’engage une lutte pour l’amour des hommes, pour l’espace textuel, pour le dernier mot, qui
ne prend fin qu’avec le roman lui-même. Mina Darville, ou encore Mina et
Angéline : telle est la fiction spéculative de l’auteure.
La périchorèse pour penser l’hospitalité
Authors: Bellerose Martin
Published: March 2019

L’article suggère un entendement de la praxis de l’hospitalité qui s’inspire des relations propres à une compréhension périchorétique de la Trinité. Partant de repères bibliques, comme le récit de la théophanie de Mamré où Abraham offre l’hospitalité à trois visiteurs personnifiant Dieu, ainsi que de l’utilisation du terme philoxénie (hospitalité) dans le corpus épistolaire du Nouveau Testament, l’auteur dégage des critères constituant les relations hospitalières. Celles-ci, pour être conformes à la foi qui propulse le geste d’hospitalité, pourraient s’inspirer de la périchorèse. Une compréhension de la périchorèse propice à la praxis hospitalière y est aussi exposée de manière critique.
A citizen science approach to evaluating US cities for biotic homogenization
Authors: Leong Misha , Trautwein Michelle D
Published: March 2019

Cities around the world have converged on structural and environmental characteristics that exert similar eco-evolutionary pressures on local communities. However, evaluating how urban biodiversity responds to urban intensification remains poorly understood because of the challenges in capturing the diversity of a range of taxa within and across multiple cities from different types of urbanization. Here we utilize a growing resource—citizen science data. We analyzed 66,209 observations representing 5,209 species generated by the City Nature Challenge project on the iNaturalist platform, in conjunction with remote sensing (NLCD2011) environmental data, to test for urban biotic homogenization at increasing levels of urban intensity across 14 metropolitan cities in the United States. Based on community composition analyses, we found that while similarities occur to an extent, urban biodiversity is often much more a reflection of the taxa living locally in a region. At the same time, the communities found in high intensity development were less explained by regional context than communities from other land cover types were. We also found that the most commonly observed species are often shared between cities and are non-endemic and/or have a distribution facilitated by humans. This study highlights the value of citizen science data in answering questions in urban ecology.
Step-to-step variations in human running reveal how humans run without falling
Authors: Seethapathi Nidhi , Srinivasan Manoj
Published: March 2019

Humans can run without falling down, usually despite uneven terrain or occasional pushes. Even without such external perturbations, intrinsic sources like sensorimotor noise perturb the running motion incessantly, making each step variable. Here, using simple and generalizable models, we show that even such small step-to-step variability contains considerable information about strategies used to run stably. Deviations in the center of mass motion predict the corrective strategies during the next stance, well in advance of foot touchdown. Horizontal motion is stabilized by total leg impulse modulations, whereas the vertical motion is stabilized by differentially modulating the impulse within stance. We implement these human-derived control strategies on a simple computational biped, showing that it runs stably for hundreds of steps despite incessant noise-like perturbations or larger discrete perturbations. This running controller derived from natural variability echoes behaviors observed in previous animal and robot studies.
Plasmodium Niemann-Pick type C1-related protein is a druggable target required for parasite membrane homeostasis
Authors: Istvan Eva S , Das Sudipta , Bhatnagar Suyash , Beck Josh R , Owen Edward , Llinas Manuel , Ganesan Suresh M , Niles Jacquin C , Winzeler Elizabeth , Vaidya Akhil B , Goldberg Daniel E
Published: March 2019

Plasmodium parasites possess a protein with homology to Niemann-Pick Type C1 proteins (Niemann-Pick Type C1-Related protein, NCR1). We isolated parasites with resistance-conferring mutations in Plasmodium falciparum NCR1 (PfNCR1) during selections with three diverse small-molecule antimalarial compounds and show that the mutations are causative for compound resistance. PfNCR1 protein knockdown results in severely attenuated growth and confers hypersensitivity to the compounds. Compound treatment or protein knockdown leads to increased sensitivity of the parasite plasma membrane (PPM) to the amphipathic glycoside saponin and engenders digestive vacuoles (DVs) that are small and malformed. Immuno-electron microscopy and split-GFP experiments localize PfNCR1 to the PPM. Our experiments show that PfNCR1 activity is critically important for the composition of the PPM and is required for DV biogenesis, suggesting PfNCR1 as a novel antimalarial drug target.

Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
Revisiting rebinding: an alternative to MaxElide
Authors: Griffiths James
Published: March 2019

Using Takahashi & Fox (2005) as an exemplar, this paper argues that analyses of English ellipsis that make recourse to a MaxElide constraint (or a theoretical reduction thereof) are misguided, and that one must look past MaxElide to explain the distribution of acceptability in the elliptical rebinding constructions that MaxElide was originally invoked to explain. A novel analysis is outlined which attributes the unacceptability observed in the rebinding dataset to an inability to satisfy a more restrictive, reflexive version of Takahashi & Fox's (ibid.) Parallelism condition on ellipsis recoverability.
Success and Threats in the Clustering of the Automotive Industry in Spain: The Role of Public and Private Agents
Authors: Albors-Garrigos Jose , Collado Antonio
Published: March 2019

Research Question: This article clarifies the role of clusters in industry agglomeration efficiency as well as the role that public and private agents play in their efficiency. Motivation: The automobile industry in Spain is an exception to the industrial decline suffered by the secondary sector since the economic crisis exploded in Spain. Employment in the vehicle manufacturing industry has recovered significantly in Spain in 2017, with a significant growth bringing it closer to 2008 levels. The sector accounts for 8.6 % of the country's GNP. How can we explain this success? Are there new threats (technology, environmental standards, emerging economies, etc.) menacing the sector? Based on value chain and cluster theories we explain its success and how new threats could be managed? The response lays in analyzing the role of cluster agents in the various clusters dynamics. The research shows how the openness of clusters plays a crucial role in their sustainability. Idea: Based on value chain and cluster theories we explain their success and how new threats could be managed? The response lays in analyzing the role of cluster agents in the various clusters dynamics. The research shows how the openness of clusters plays a crucial role in their sustainability. Data: primary data was collected in two surveys and interviews campaigns during 2013 and 2017. Furthermore, secondary data from national, regional and sectoral sources were  analysed. Tools: The research is based on a series of interviews and visits to the automotive clusters in Spain. Additionally, the authors have analyzed abundant secondary information and web contents available on the clusters agents: manufacturers, suppliers, unions, associations, etc. Findings: The paper concludes that regional and national policies are relevant but that consensus between clusters’ agents is essential for their success. However, will the existing agents be able to withstand new threats? .Contribution: The article contributes to clusters literature and the clusters’ role of the agents in the global value chain context. It also sheds light on public policies to support automotive industries. Limitations are linked to resource limitations.
Sport management in Emerging Economy:
Authors: Tertuliano Ivan Wallan , Lima Eric Matheus Rocha , Oliveira Vivian , Santana Bruna Alves , Pavlović Vladan , Machado Afonso Antonio
Published: March 2019

Research Question: the paper investigates the influence of the size of the squad and the club's expenditures on football in the final classification in seasons 2008 to 2016 of the first division of the Brazilian Football League (Serie A). Motivation: Considering soccer as the most important sport in Brazil, representing a cultural symbol of the country, it is better to make it necessary. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the influence of the size of the squad on the performance of the teams and, in addition, how much the clubs invest in the formation of these squads. Idea: In this perspective, the central hypothesis of this study is that clubs with the highest number of players will also present the best classifications, and the second central hypothesis is that clubs with more investments in football have the biggest squad. Data: (The study was conducted with data collected over the internet, using data provided by clubs. Only the clubs belonging to the first division were used, being a total of 34 clubs, divided into 2 groups, according to the investment value in Football. Tools: This study presents descriptive and inferential analyses, since the qualitative-quantitative approach was assumed as a way of understanding the data. Assuming the number of clubs participating in the study, we chose non-parametric inferential analyses in the intra- and inter-group evaluations, using the alpha value of 0,05 as criterion. Findings: The results show that the size of the squad is not a determining factor in the ranking of clubs in the National League, but the clubs' spending on football is crucial, since the clubs with the highest spent on football were the clubs with the best safety ratings in 4 of 6 Championships. In addition, the results showed that the size of the squad and spending on Football  are not related, that is, it's not the size of the squad what determines the cost of football and other factors, such as wages of athletes. Contribution: One can conclude that to the first division of the Brazilian championship of professional football, the number of athletes in the squad is not a determining factor for the position taken by the clubs in the competition, but the value invested in wages, corroborating only one of the hypotheses of study. However, this study has some limitations, such as sample size (only 34 teams), the use of clubs from a single country, and the lack of information from other clubs (not all clubs provide their financial statements through the club or federation website). Therefore, we emphasize the need for new studies.
A fuzzy model for organization structure design with human resource allocation
Authors: Pamucar Dragan , Knežević Nikola , Macura Dragana , Đorović Boban
Published: March 2019

Research Question: The paper explores the problem of defining the number of required employees and their skills, as well as optimizing the work time. Motivation: Motivation for this paper arises from the fact that an organizational structure of business system has to be conceived and proportioned so as to justify the main company jobs and goals. Almost every job set for the management must be performed properly and reliably in changeable environmental conditions. In order to maintain the efficiency of complex business systems with dynamic and stochastic changeable and unchangeable variables, it is essential that the organizational structure be flexible and constantly adjusted. Idea: The idea of the paper was to develop a model for human resource allocation (HRA) in fuzzy environment. Data: The model is tested in realistic industrial environment - the example of the logistics administrative bodies in the Petroleum Industry of Serbia. Tools: To solve the problem, the following approaches are used: Fuzzy logic, Neural network and Simulated annealing. The model for HRA is based on an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and fuzzy mathematical model (FMM) for treating uncertainty. ANFIS-FMM model enables the human resource strategy development based on the optimisation of the employees’ work time. In this ANFIS-FMM model the input variables are described using fuzzy sets represented by Gaussian functions. Using expert reasoning, an unique knowledge base is formed which enables the human resource strategy development based on the optimisation of the employees’ work time. Findings: Based on authors’ knowledge there is a lack of the fuzzy logic applications, adaptive neuro-fuzzy models, linear and dynamic programming, as well as heuristic and metaheuristic models related to HRA. In most of the papers, the classical methods of strategic management have been used for HRA. Contribution: In this paper the model for HRA is developed based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy technique application and FMM. The model has four main advantages over other HRA methods: the system possesses adaptability, the model is efficient in conditions of uncertainty, the neuro-fuzzy based HRA model allows dynamic decision making in HRA management through the implementation of a computer-based system, it can be IT-supported tool.
Fine-scale substrate heterogeneity does not affect arthropod communities on green roofs
Authors: Schindler Bracha Y. , Vasl Amiel , Blaustein Leon , Gurevich David , Kadas Gyongyver J. , Seifan Merav
Published: March 2019

Green roofs, which are roofs with growing substrate and vegetation, can provide habitat for arthropods in cities. Maintaining a diversity of arthropods in an urban environment can enhance the functions they fill, such as pest control and soil development. Theory suggests that the creation of a heterogeneous environment on green roofs would enhance arthropod diversity. Several studies have examined how arthropod diversity can be enhanced on green roofs, and particularly whether substrate properties affect the arthropod community, but a gap remains in identifying the effect of substrate heterogeneity within a green roof on the arthropod community. In this paper, it is hypothesized that creating heterogeneity in the substrate would directly affect the diversity and abundance of some arthropod taxa, and indirectly increase arthropod diversity through increased plant diversity. These hypotheses were tested using green roof plots in four treatments of substrate heterogeneity: (1) homogeneous dispersion; (2) mineral heterogeneity—with increased tuff concentration in subplots; (3) organic heterogeneity—with decreased compost concentrations in subplots; (4) both mineral and organic heterogeneity. Each of the four treatments was replicated twice on each of three roofs (six replicates per treatment) in a Mediterranean region. There was no effect of substrate heterogeneity on arthropod diversity, abundance, or community composition, but there were differences in arthropod communities among roofs. This suggests that the location of a green roof, which can differ in local climatic conditions, can have a strong effect on the composition of the arthropod community. Thus, arthropod diversity may be promoted by building green roofs in a variety of locations throughout a city, even if the roof construction is similar on all roofs.
Possible Planting Areas for Golden Camellia - Camellia impressinervis in Vietnam
Authors: Tuan Nguyen Van , Trung Phung Dinh , Manh Tran Duc , Thang Nguyen Toan , Thuyet Dang Van , Duc Dao Trung , Linh Mai Thi , Thu Phuong Nguyen Thi , Khuong Ninh Viet , Lam Vu Tien , Thinh Nguyen Huu , Son Hoang Thanh , Bon Trinh Ngoc , Luong Ho Trung , Thuan Vu Van , Do Tran Van
Published: March 2019

Camellia impressinervis is known as a golden camellia, naturally distributing in China and Vietnam. Leaves and flowers of golden camellias contain active ingredients such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, saponins, and flavonoids. It was found to be able to inhibit the transplanted cancer, lower blood lipid, lower cholesterol, and prevent atherosclerosis. Market price of dry flowers of golden camellias in Vietnam is high, up to 700 US$/kg. This work was to identify suitable planting areas for C. impressinervis in Vietnam. Natural conditions, where C. impressinervis naturally distributes, were used for mapping, including elevation above sea level, annual precipitation, and annual air temperature. Each condition was classified to four levels as “very suitable”, “suitable”, “less suitable”, and “not suitable” for planting. Three corresponding digital maps were used for mapping. The results indicated that 72,781 ha accounting for 32.3% total land area of the study site was classified as “very suitable” for planting C. impressinervis. The “suitable” areas accounted for 34.2% and the not suitable areas accounted for 33.5% total land area. There was no area belonging to “less suitable”. It is recommended that C. impressinervis should be planted in “very suitable” areas and may be extended some to “suitable” areas. However, it should be widely planted only after carefully studying on cultivar selection, seedling production, and planting and tending techniques with consultation by local authorities.
Impact of Motivation and Job Satisfaction on Employee’s Performance: An Empirical Study
Authors: Rahman Md. Habibur , Fatema Mst. Rinu , Ali Md. Hazrat
Published: March 2019

Employers often face severe problem in motivating and creating job satisfaction for the workers working in the organization. To create program and policies to motivate and develop job satisfaction among workers in the organization. Most of the researchers on motivation and job satisfaction have concluded with positive findings for Performance efficiency. The study will find out the factor that increase performance workers in the working environment. For the purpose of the study, a sample of selected bank is considered and information collected from different individual. The data were analyzed using simple percentages and mean scores while hypothesis developed were tested accordingly. The result of the ANOVA and correlation indicates that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors of motivation and job satisfaction have impact on performance of the workers in Bank.
Cloud Computing: Securing without Losing Control
Authors: Almutairi Mubarak S.
Published: March 2019

Computing virtualization is the key technology in cloud computing as it can reduce the investment in the hardware component drastically. The present research work carefully analyse some of the major security threats to the cloud services based on the security threat analysis produced by Cloud Security Alliance (CSA). The physical network components are not necessarily located on the same geographical area but yet are doing the necessary processing and storage. As such, “cloud computing” will be the driving force behind most of today's promising computing technologies. Security will be always an issue which needs to be addresses at two different levels: front-end and back-end. In a nutshell, cloud computing is hugely beneficial for the enterprise and while still evolving, will be around for the long-term. It is crucially important for those enterprises which will adopt the cloud computing model to put long-term security strategy in place. Knowledge of cloud architecture, technology, process, services, and deployment models is vital in specifying security models and identifying security concerns in cloud computing. As the providers and end users increase, standardization and security techniques will play an important role in helping organizations to reduce risks involved. This survey also illustrates the view of cloud providers’ actions and assessment of the cloud-computing services provided by them to the IT users.
Overcoming Dormancy and Influence of Light on the Physiological Quality of Senna cana (Fabaceae) Seeds
Authors: Medeiros Jordânia X. , Feliciano Ana L. P. , Matos Valderez P. , Silva Girlânio H. , Lopes Yana S. , Ferreira Rinaldo L. C. , Carvalho Rejane R. C.
Published: March 2019

Environmental factors affect the germination process, like the presence of seed coat and the quality of light; these informations are still scarce for many native species from Brazil, especially for Senna cana, which there are no adequate standards and methodologies to be used in germination tests. The aim of this research was to recommend adequate pre-germinative treatment(s) to overcome seed dormancy, and determine the degree of influence of different light regimes in seed germination of S. cana. Two experiments were carried out: T1-evaluation of different methods of dormancy overcoming (intact seeds (control), T2-imbibition of the intact seeds for 24 hours (in distilled water), T3-scarified seeds with sandpaper n° 100 in the hilum opposite region, T4-scarified seeds with sandpaper n° 100 in the region the hilo opposite region and imbibition in water (in distilled water) for 24 hours; T5-imbibition in water at 80°C); 2-Influence of light quality on seed germination and vigor (white light, red light, far red light and absence of light). The evaluated parameters were: first germination count, percentage of germination, IVG (Germination speed index), MGT (Mean germination time). Treatments were compared by Tukey at 5% probability. The best method for overcoming seed dormancy was mechanical scarification with sandpaper nº 100. The germination of the seeds of S. cana can be classified as indifferent to the luminosity, despite germinative response be greater under white and red light.
Effect of Parental Economic Status on Enrollment of Learners with Physical Challenge in Preschools in Riruta Zone, Dagoretti Sub-county, Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Githu M. W. , Waliaula S. , Milimu L.
Published: March 2019

Aim: This study sought to establish the influence of parents’ economic status on the enrollment of learners with physical challenges in preschools

Methodology: This study employed descriptive ex-post research design to facilitate determination of the influence of independent variables (parental economic status) on the dependent variable (enrollment of children with motor disability in preschools). The target population of 362 persons comprised of 33 headteachers, 131 teachers and 198 parents. By use of stratified and simple random sampling techniques, 66 parents were selected in addition to 11 headteachers and 33 teachers to constitute the sample size of 110. Data collection instruments used were questionnaires for headteachers and teachers and interview schedule guides for parents. Collected data was arranged and analyzed by use of Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS). Quantitative data was correlated, expressed in means, percentages, descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to show the association (P < 0.05 at 95% confidence level) and their effect on outcome variables. Unstructured questions in questionnaires and interview schedules were analyzed qualitatively through grouping responses in respect to priority and strength of the response.

Results: The economic status of the parents had a positive association with enrollment of learners with motor disability in preschools. Learners with motor disability from parents of high economic status had a higher enrollment in preschools. There was no significant difference on enrollment among sexes, schools and types of schools (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: The study concludes that economic status of parents affect enrollment of learners with physical challenges in the preschools.  Enhancing the economic status of parents will boost the enrollment of children with motor disability in preschools.
A hands‐on introduction to medical physics and radiation therapy for middle school students
Authors: Fagerstrom Jessica M. , Gao Wendy , Robertson Gene E.
Published: March 2019

Lesson plans were developed to present concepts of medical physics and radiation therapy to a middle school audience. These workshop learning units relied on hands‐on participation and collaboration within student groups to acquaint students with computed tomography simulation and treatment planning processes. These lesson plans were delivered at two different educational outreach programs targeted at student groups that have traditionally been underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. The lesson plans are scheduled to be delivered at a third program in the future. The activities were used to introduce occupations in medical physics and radiation therapy as possible career opportunities for students, and to generate enthusiasm for continuing STEM education. Lesson plans are available upon request for educators interested in exploring medical physics educational outreach activities in their communities.
Functionally Cooperating Mini‐Generator: From Bacterial Fermentation to Electricity
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Zhang Qian , Zhang Lina , Li Ping , Cheng Mengjiao , Zhao Jing , Zhang Yajun , Su Haijia , Tan Tianwei , Shi Feng
Published: March 2019

Mini‐generators based on Faraday's law have exploited a new application of self‐propelled micromotors in energy conversion. However, most such mini‐generators normally consume high‐grade energy to produce low electric energy and lack applicable occasions. Herein, a mini‐generator is designed that harvests low‐grade internal energy of gas from a fermentation line for successive conversion to kinetic energy of reciprocating motions and finally to electric energy without harming the fermentation production. The problem of irregular release of fermentative bubbles resulting in disordered motions is solved by the design of a superhydrophobic cushion valve, which regulates bubble releases to ensure periodic surfacing–diving motions and stable electricity generation. The mini‐generator has a lifetime over 20 000 s with the maximum induced voltage of 2.4 V, which is sufficient to light a dozen red LEDs and energy conversion efficiency reaches 40%. Moreover, the mini‐generator is used back to the fermentation line as a real‐time gas flowmeter. By integrating mini‐generators with industrial fermentation lines, this work has provided an effective strategy to minimize energy input and maximize energy output of mini‐generators by collecting weak environmental energy and meanwhile exploited practical uses of mini‐generators with low output.
Materials Design of Solar Cell Absorbers Beyond Perovskites and Conventional Semiconductors via Combining Tetrahedral and Octahedral Coordination
Authors: Wang Jing , Chen Hangyan , Wei Su‐Huai , Yin Wan‐Jian
Published: March 2019

Tetrahedral coordination structures, e.g. crystalline Si, GaAs, CdTe, and octahedral coordination structures, e.g. perovskites, represent two classes of successful crystal structures hitherto for solar cell absorbers. Here, via first‐principles calculations and crystal symmetry analysis, the two classes of semiconductors are shown exhibiting complementary properties in terms of bond covalency/ionicity, optical property, defect tolerance, and stability, which are correlated with their respective coordination number. Therefore, a spinel structure is proposed, which combines tetrahedral and octahedral coordination into a single crystal structure, as an alternative to perovskite and conventional semiconductors for potential photovoltaic applications. The case studies of a class of 105 spinel AB2X4 systems identify five spinel compounds HgAl2Se4, HgIn2S4, CdIn2Se4, HgSc2S4, and HgY2S4 as promising solar cell absorbers. In particular, HgAl2Se4 has suitable bandgap (1.36 eV by GW0 calculation), small direct–indirect bandgap difference (24 meV), appropriate carrier effective mass (me = 0.08 m0, and mh = 0.69 m0), strong optical absorption, and high dynamic stability. This study suggests that crystal systems with mixed tetrahedral and octahedral coordination may open a viable route for emerging solar cell absorbers.
Cis‐Dihydroxylation of Tricyclic Arenes and Heteroarenes Catalyzed by Toluene Dioxygenase: A Molecular Docking Study and Experimental Validation
Authors: Boyd Derek R. , Sharma Narain D. , Brannigan Ian N. , McGivern Christopher J. , Nockemann Peter , Stevenson Paul J. , McRoberts Colin , Hoering Patrick , Allen Christopher C. R.
Published: March 2019

Molecular docking studies of toluene dioxygenase led to the prediction that angular and lateral cis‐dihydroxylation of tricyclic arene and heteroarene substrates could occur. Biotransformations of biphenylene, dibenzofuran, carbazole and dibenzothiophene, using Pseudomonas putida UV4 whole cells, expressing toluene dioxygenase, confirmed that both angular and lateral cis‐dihydroxylation had occurred in the predicted regioselective and stereoselective manner. The toluene dioxygenase‐catalysed (Pseudomonas putida UV4) biotransformation of dibenzofuran was optimized, to produce 1,2‐dihydrodibenzofuran‐1,2‐diol as the major metabolite in excellent yield. 2‐Hydroxydibenzofuran, resulting from dehydration of 1,2‐dihydrodibenzofuran‐1,2‐diol, was also found to undergo cis‐ dihydroxylation to give a very minor cis‐dihydrodiol metabolite. The enantiopurity (>98% ee) and (1R,2S) absolute configuration of the major dibenzofuran cis ‐dihydrodiol was rigorously established by catalytic hydrogenation and formation of methoxy(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetate derivatives and by X‐ray crystallography of an epoxide derivative. Biotransformation of carbazole yielded anthranilic acid as the major metabolite and was consistent with angular cis‐dihydroxylation. Synthesis of a cis‐ diol epoxide derivative showed that the main cis‐dihydrodiol metabolite of dibenzofuran has potential in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of natural products.

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EGOFET Gated by a Molecular Electronic Switch: A Single‐Device Memory Cell
Authors: Parkula Vitaliy , Maglione Maria Serena , Casalini Stefano , Zhang Qiaoming , Greco Pierpaolo , Bortolotti Carlo Augusto , Rovira Concepció , Mas‐Torrent Marta , Biscarini Fabio
Published: March 2019

Electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistors (EGOFETs) exploit the transduction of interfacial phenomena, such as biorecognition or redox processes, into detectable changes of electrical response. Here, it is shown that, beyond sensing applications, EGOFETs may act effectively as memory devices, through the functionalization of the gate electrode with a self‐assembly monolayer comprising a switching molecule undergoing a large and persistent change of dipole moment, upon application of a small (0.6 V) programming potential. This first example of a switchable EGOFET device with memory retention is based on a tetrathiafulvalene derivative self‐assembled on gold and an aqueous buffer as electrolyte in a microfluidic assembly. Changes of the self‐assembled monolayer redox state lead to variations of the gate electrochemical potential and, as a consequence, the EGOFET's threshold voltage undergoes reversible shifts larger than 100 mV. The distinctive electrical readout upon different redox states opens the possibility of writing and erasing information, thus making the transistor behave as a single memory cell.
Resident Supervision and Patient Care: A Comparative Time Study in a Community‐Academic Versus a Community Emergency Department
Authors: Wang Ernest E. , Yin Yue , Gurvich Itai , Kharasch Morris S. , Rice Clifford , Novack Jared , Babcock Christine , Ahn James , Bowman Steven H. , Van Mieghem Jan A.
Published: March 2019

Objective

The objective was to compare attending emergency physician (EP) time spent on direct and indirect patient care activities in emergency departments (EDs) with and without emergency medicine (EM) residents.

Methods

We performed an observational, time–motion study on 25 EPs who worked in a community‐academic ED and a nonacademic community ED. Two observations of each EP were performed at each site. Average time spent per 240‐minute observation on main‐category activities are illustrated in percentages. We report descriptive statistics (median and interquartile ranges) for the number of minutes EPs spent per subcategory activity, in total and per patient. We performed a Wilcoxon two‐sample test to assess differences between time spent across two EDs.

Results

The 25 observed EPs executed 34,358 tasks in the two EDs. At the community‐academic ED, EPs spent 14.2% of their time supervising EM residents. Supervision activities included data presentation, medical decision making, and treatment. The time spent on supervision was offset by a decrease in time spent by EPs on indirect patient care (specifically communication and electronic health record work) at the community academic ED compared to the nonacademic community ED. There was no statistical difference with respect to direct patient care time expenditure between the two EDs. There was a nonstatistically significant difference in attending patient load between sites.

Conclusions

EPs in our study spent 14.2% of their time (8.5 minutes/hour) supervising residents. The time spent supervising residents was largely offset by time savings related to indirect patient care activities rather than compromising direct patient care.
Electrochemical Monitoring of Propagative Fluctuation of Ascorbate in the Live Rat Brain during Spreading Depolarization
Authors: Xiao Tongfang , Wang Yuexiang , Wei Huan , Yu Ping , Jiang Ying , Mao Lanqun
Published: March 2019

Spreading depolarization (SD) occurs frequently in the injured brain, and its neurochemical effects are detrimental to brain function. We report the first observation that the release of ascorbate, an important neurochemical in the brain, is closely accompanied with SD. Ascorbate was monitored with carbon nanotube (CNT)‐sheathed carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFEs). This system features high selectivity and temporal/spatial resolution. With our sensor, we observed a significant increase in the concentration of ascorbate in response to SD induction. Mechanistic studies show a contrasting behavior; with a SD specific inhibitor, release was completely suppressed, whereas with inhibition of commonly employed glutamate transporters, ascorbate release was increased, demonstrating a powerful means of discriminating ascorbate release between disputed pathways. Most importantly, we observed the propagative nature of ascorbate release following SD.
Structural characterization, thermal investigation and biological activity of metal complexes containing Schiff Base ligand (Z)‐3‐(1‐((4,6‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b] pyridin‐3‐yl)imino)ethyl)‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one
Authors: Emam Sanaa M. , Abouel‐Enein Saeyda A. , Abdel‐Satar Eman M.
Published: March 2019

A new series of metal complexes containing Co(II), Pd(II), Fe(III) chloride and Cu(II) salts (chloride, bromide, sulphate and perchlorate) have been prepared with Schiff base ligand (HL). The synthesized compounds were elucidated using elemental analyses, spectral techniques, molar conductance, magnetic measurements and thermogravimetric studies. The analytical data established (1 M:1 L) stoichiometry for complexes (1), (2), (4), (6) and (7) as well as (1 M:2 L) and (2 M:3 L) stoichiometry for complexes (5) and (3), respectively. As a result, the ligand HL coordinates in complexes (1), (2), (4), (6) as a monobasic tridentate ONN moiety via the oxygen atom of the deprotonated phenolic OH, the nitrogen atoms of the azomethine and the imine group in pyrazolopyridine ring. While, it behaves as a neutral bidentate in complexes (3,7), chelates via oxygen and nitrogen atoms of enolic OH and azomethine groups. Also, in complex (5) Cu2+ ion binds via NO sits of two ligand molecules in its monobasic and neutral forms. The magnetic moment and electronic spectral data proposed octahedral structure for complexes (2, 3 and 7) as well as triagonal bipyramidal and square pyramidal geometry for complexes (1 and 4), while, chelates (5) and (6) possess square planar geometry. TG/DTG studies confirmed the chemical formula for these complexes and established the thermal decomposition processes ended with the formation of metal or metal oxides contaminated with carbon residue. An axial electron spin resonance spectra were suggested for Cu(II) complexes pointing to 2B1g as a ground state with hyperfine structure for complex (4). In vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities were performed for HL ligand and its metal complexes. The biological studies indicate that complex (3) has better antibacterial activity compared to the ligand and the other complexes.