bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A relação entre liderança e o engajamento dos profissionais no segmento de serviços de alimentação em Bares e Restaurantes (foodservice)
Authors: Banderó Fábio Airton , Da Silva Rodrigo Cunha , De Castro Padilha Filho Marcos Roberto , Gonçalves de Oliveira Paulo Sergio , Alves Carlos Alberto
Published: December 2021

O objetivo do artigo foi verificar a existência de relacionamento entre o tipo de liderança e o engajamento dos colaboradores com a organização. Para se atingir o objetivo foi efetuado um levantamento transversal, junto a profissionais do setor de alimentos e bebidas, ligados a área de bares e restaurantes na cidade de São Paulo, sendo coletadas 146 respostas válidas. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de variância (Anova), por meio do teste de Levene, para se verificar diferenças nas variâncias, de forma a se testar os dados demográficos, utilizou-se o teste T, com nível de significância 0,05. Os resultados demonstram a importância da liderança empoderadora e diretiva em relação ao engajamento dos profissionais do setor Alimentos e Bebidas, na área de Bares e Restaurantes.
Developing Workforce Capability in Nonprofits Through Effective Leadership
Authors: Smoyer Catherine Byrnes , Dwyer Rocky J , Garfield Janice K. , Simmons Brandon D.
Published: December 2021

Leaders of nonprofit organizations in the United States must build workforce capabilities to meet increasing demands for services. This single-case study explored strategies nonprofit leaders used to build workforce capability to address increasing service demands. The conceptual lens for this study was the full-range leadership theory. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with senior executives of a single nonprofit organization located in the Midwestern region of the United States, which included internal organizational and workforce performance data, strategy plans, annual reports internal and external financial documents, and publicly available information. Four major themes related to building workforce capacity emerged from a thematic analysis of the data: (1) an emphasis on employee development, (2) the expansion of technology systems, (3) a concentration on developing a culture of autonomy and trust, and (4) the introduction of processes and measurements. The findings from this study might contribute to positive social change by providing nonprofit leaders with strategies and data to support a deeper understanding of how to effectively build workforce capability to address increasing service demands.
Aging, Agency, and Self-Efficacy: A Phenomenological Case Study of an Older Couple
Authors: Hernandez David A
Published: December 2021

Researchers have found that the majority of older individuals want to remain in their own home as they age. However, respecting the right of older individuals to exert control over their life while ensuring their safety can be a difficult undertaking to achieve. The aim of this research was to understand the lived experiences of an older couple who are in cognitive decline but are trying to maintain personal agency. The issue was studied using Bandura’s agency and self-efficacy theories as the theoretical framework. A phenomenological case study methodology was used. Participants were selected using a purposeful sampling strategy, and the sample was four individuals (father, mother, daughter, and grandson) from one family living at two separate residences. Data were collected using a mixed-methods approach. Qualitative data were collected by interviewing participants, and quantitative data were collected by administering a standardized cognitive assessment to the older individuals. Results indicated that the older couple were able to live independently because of the presence of the following five components: (a) adequate physical health; (b) adequate cognition, especially in the areas of memory and problem solving; (c) self-efficacy beliefs; (d) coping strategies to compensate for the declines in physical health and cognition due to aging; and (e) a support system to help the couple with activities they could no longer do on their own. In this study, each of the older individuals believed they could take care of themselves and wanted to live on their own. Independent living was only possible with significant assistance from family members.
An extended list of calendar anomalies in the context of the efficient market hypothesis
Authors: Fuksiewicz Marcin
Published: December 2021

The efficient market hypothesis is commonly tested mainly with regard to capital markets, but it has also been applied to currency and commodity markets. Although the theory has been used to confirm that different markets vary in their effectiveness, certain cyclical anomalies can be observed in these markets. Particularly noteworthy are calendar anomalies, which can be used to develop investment methods and procedures. In addition to commonly known anomalies, such as the January or the December Effect, or short-term ones, like the Friday or Monday Effect, there are many others that are largely unknown in Poland, such as those related to the Presidential Election Cycle in the USA or very short-lived ones, associated with individual hours of investing in a trading session. The aim of the article is to present a possibly complete list of calendar anomalies recognized in foreign capital markets, but largely unknown in Poland, such as short-lived anomalies and exotic ones (e.g. related to phases of the moon).
PetroGold – Corpus padrão ouro para o domínio do petróleo
Authors: Souza Elvis de , Silveira Aline , Cavalcanti Tatiana , Castro Maria Clara , Freitas Cláudia
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho descreve a criação do PetroGold, um treebank padrão ouro para o domínio do óleo & gás. O material é composto por teses, dissertações e monografias, contém 9.127 frases (253.640 tokens) e conta com anotação morfossintática de dependências segundo a abordagem Universal Dependencies. Detalhamos alguns dos desafios linguísticos do domínio para a anotação sintática e verificamos a qualidade do material produzido por meio de uma avaliação intrínseca: utilizando um modelo criado pela ferramenta UDPipe, o corpus leva a 90,65%, 88,53% e 82,88% de acertos conforme as medidas UAS, LAS e CLAS, respectivamente.
Lexicalidade biomédica e sua mensuração em um corpus sobre COVID-19 em língua portuguesa
Authors: Assis Karhyne S. Padilha de , Silva Camila das Merces , Leite Janaína da Silva , Nogueira Wellington Araujo , Nose Filho Kenji , Takahata André K. , Steinberger-Elias Margarethe
Published: December 2021

Analisamos o léxico biomédico de um corpus de textos em língua portuguesa da base Pubmed sobre a Covid-19. A adoção inicial de medidas clássicas de densidade e diversidade lexical não foi capaz de evidenciar a distribuição lexical nos diferentes gêneros e especialidades clínicas de que se compõe o corpus. Com base no conceito de "lexicalidade biomédica", foi proposto e testado um novo indicador, o Lex-BioMed, com bons resultados.
Análise de polaridade e de tópicos em tweets no domínio da política no Brasil
Authors: Capellaro Leonardo , Caseli Helena de Medeiros
Published: December 2021

O campo da política no Brasil é um dos mais movimentados e mais polêmicos da última década. Com o advento das redes sociais, um novo canal de comunicação entre os eleitores e os políticos foi criado, com os usuários tendo um espaço para publicar suas opiniões e crenças. Neste contexto, este trabalho mostra como modelos BERT se saem na análise de polaridade (positiva, negativa ou neutra) e de tópicos de grandes quantidades de tweets relacionados à política do Brasil. Experimentos foram realizados com tweets relacionados às eleições de 2018, e melhores resultados (F1 = 96%) foram obtidos para a classificação de polaridade em comparação com trabalhos anteriores. A avaliação qualitativa dos tópicos também mostrou resultados promissores.
Utilizando BERTimbau para a Classificação de Emoções em Português
Authors: Hammes Luiz Otávio Alves , Freitas Larissa Astrogildo de
Published: December 2021

Neste trabalho propomos realizar o fine-tuning dos modelos BERTimbau-base e BERTimbau-large na tarefa de Classificação de 27 tipos de emoções em sentenças, baseado no dataset GoEmotions traduzido para a língua portuguesa, por meio de ferramentas de tradução automática. Comparamos os resultados de nossos experimentos com os resultados disponibilizados pelos autores do dataset GoEmotions e obtivemos um ganho de desempenho ao qual atribuímos ao algoritmo de balanceamento utilizado.
Sentiment Analysis in Portuguese Texts from Online Health Community Forums: Data, Model and Evaluation
Authors: Gumiel Yohan Bonescki , Lee Isabela , Soares Tayane Arantes , Ferreira Thiago Castro , Pagano Adriana
Published: December 2021

This study introduces novel data and models for the task of Sentiment Analysis in Portuguese texts about Diabetes Mellitus. The corpus contains 1290 posts retrieved from online health community forums in Portuguese and annotated by two annotators according to 3 sentiment categories (e.g. Positive, Neutral and Negative). Evaluation of traditional (Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Random Forest and Logistic Regression classifiers) and state-ofthe-art (BERT-based models) machine learning classifiers for the task showed the advantage in performance of the latter models as expected. Data and models are available to the community upon request.
A Weakly Supervised Dataset of Fine-Grained Emotions in Portuguese
Authors: Cortiz Diogo , Silva Jefferson O. , Calegari Newton , Freitas Ana Luísa , Soares Ana Angélica , Botelho Carolina , Rêgo Gabriel Gaudencio , Sampaio Waldir , Boggio Paulo Sergio
Published: December 2021

A Computação Afetiva é o estudo de como os computadores podem reconhecer, interpretar e simular os afetos humanos. A Análise de Sentimento é uma tarefa comum em PLN, mas se concentra apenas na valência da emoção (positiva, negativa, neutra). Uma abordagem emergente é o Reconhecimento de Emoção, que depende de uma classificação refinada. Nesta pesquisa, descrevemos uma abordagem de supervisão fraca baseada em Itens Lexicais para criar um corpus de emoções refinadas em português. Avaliamos nosso corpus fazendo o ajuste fino de um modelo de linguagem baseado em Transformer (BERT) e avaliando-o em um conjunto de validação anotado. Nossos resultados (F1-score= .64) sugerem que a supervisão fraca baseada em Itens Lexicais pode ser uma estratégia apropriada para o trabalho inicial em ambiente de poucos recursos.
Learning rules for automatic identification of implicit aspects in Portuguese
Authors: Machado Mateus Tarcinalli , Pardo Thiago Alexandre Salgueiro , Ruiz Evandro Eduardo Seron , Felippo Ariani Di
Published: December 2021

This sentiment analysis work is focused on the task of identifying aspects, emphasizing the so-called implicit aspects, i.e., those that are not explicitly mentioned in the texts. For this, we analyzed frequency-based methods, adapted rules from the English language to Portuguese, and developed a method that learns new rules through corpus analysis.
A Preliminary Study for Literary Rhyme Generation based on Neuronal Representation, Semantics and Shallow Parsing
Authors: Moreno-Jiménez Luis-Gil , Torres-Moreno Juan-Manuel , Wedemann Roseli S.
Published: December 2021

In recent years, researchers in the area of Computational Creativity have studied the human creative process proposing different approaches to reproduce it with a formal procedure. In this paper, we introduce a model for the generation of literary rhymes in Spanish, combining structures of language and neural network models The results obtained with a manual evaluation of the texts generated by our algorithm are encouraging.
Structural Characterization and Graph-based Detection of Fake News in Portuguese
Authors: Santos Roney Lira de Sales , Pardo Thiago Alexandre Salgueiro
Published: December 2021

A produção de notícias falsas é um problema dos dias atuais. Com as redes sociais, as notícias falsas se espalham de forma mais fácil e barata, podendo chegar a um grande número de pessoas em um curto espaço de tempo. Neste artigo, investigamos abordagens baseadas em grafos para caracterização e detecção de notícias falsas, levando em consideração medidas amplamente utilizadas de grafos e redes complexas. Nossos resultados mostram que algumas medidas de rede são úteis para caracterizar estruturalmente notícias falsas e verdadeiras e que soluções baseadas em aprendizado de máquina sobre esse tipo de atributo produzem resultados promissores.
A machine learning approach to literary genre classification on Portuguese texts: circumventing NLP’s standard varieties
Authors: Monte-Serrat Dionéia Motta , Machado Mateus Tarcinalli , Ruiz Evandro Eduardo Seron
Published: December 2021

Avaliamos e classificamos quali-quantitativamente gêneros literários do corpus BDCamões. Crônicas, romances, histórias curtas e contos, anotados em UD, são classificados por ﬂorestas aleatórias, e analisados com base na versão português-brasileira do LIWC. Os resultados por classe são reportados pela média, juntamente com uma medida de desvio padrão. Os resultados das características por classe, rótulos LIWC, classes gramaticais e rótulos UD destacam características positivas altas e negativas baixas. A adaptação desta metodologia à ﬂuidez e mutabilidade dos gêneros literários contorna as dificuldade normalemnet encontradas em NLP, apresentando consistência e poucos erros nos resultados.
Evaluation of Synthetic Datasets Generation for Intent Classification Tasks in Portuguese
Authors: Paula Robson T. , Aguiar Neto Décio G. , Romero Davi , Guerra Paulo T.
Published: December 2021

A chatbot is an artificial intelligence based system aimed at chatting with users, commonly used as a virtual assistant to help people or answer questions. Intent classification is an essential task for chatbots where it aims to identify what the user wants in a certain dialogue. However, for many domains, little data are available to properly train those systems. In this work, we evaluate the performance of two methods to generate synthetic data for chatbots, one based on template questions and another based on neural text generation. We build four datasets that are used training chatbot components in the intent classification task. We intend to simulate the task of migrating a search-based portal to an interactive dialogue-based information service by using artificial datasets for initial model training. Our results show that template-based datasets are slightly superior to those neural-based generated in our application domain, however, neural-generated present good results and they are a viable option when one has limited access to domain experts to hand-code text templates.
Modelagem de Construções Interrogativas QU- no Constructicon da FrameNet Brasil
Authors: Marção Natália Duarte , Torrent Tiago Timponi
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho objetiva apresentar a descrição e a modelagem linguístico-computacional das construções interrogativas QU- do Português brasileiro no Constructicon da FrameNet Brasil.
Banco de dados VerboWeb: um panorama do léxico verbal do PB
Authors: Cançado Márcia , Amaral Luana , Meirelles Letícia , Bechir Thaís , Oliveira Amanda
Published: December 2021

Neste artigo apresentamos a proposta de descrição e análise de dados verbais do português brasileiro presente no banco de dados VerboWeb. Os verbos foram agrupados e classificados de acordo com o arcabouço teórico-metodológico da Semântica Lexical, que assume que certas propriedades semânticas dos verbos determinam seu comportamento sintático. Mostramos como o banco de dados é estruturado e as generalizações que podemos fazer sobre o léxico verbal de nossa língua.
Descrição de uma metodologia desenvolvida para revisão de um léxico de palavras de emoção
Authors: Ramos Barbara C.
Published: December 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever a metodologia desenvolvida para revisar o Emocionário, léxico de palavras de emoção do projeto AC/DC, da Linguateca. Esta primeira parcela da revisão foi realizada em sete dos 24 grupos do Emocionário, sendo eles “Desespero”, “Esperança”, “Humildade”, “Pena”, “Satisfação”, “Saudade” e “Surpresa”. A metodologia é descrita de forma detalhada, fazendo uso de exemplos retirados do próprio corpus para ilustrar cada passo. Ao final, algumas das principais mudanças realizadas são documentadas e discutidas.
Avaliação de parsers na detecção de relações essenciais do modelo Universal Dependencies para o português
Authors: Belisário Luana Balador , Pardo Thiago Alexandre Salgueiro
Published: December 2021

Este artigo descreve o estudo do desempenho de dois parsers conhecidos para o português com base nas diretrizes do modelo internacional "Universal Dependencies". Visando mapear o estado da arte na área, os parsers foram avaliados com relação à detecção de algumas relações essenciais do modelo que indicam os argumentos principais dos verbos. Mostramos que o parser UDPipe se destaca entre os parsers avaliados, mas que ainda há muito a avançar na área.
Psychose und Eigensinn
Authors: Bock Thomas
Published: December 2021

Psychoseerfahrene sind in vielfacher Weise eigensinnig: Ihre Sinne gehen eigene Wege. Sie sind auf der Suche nach Eigenheit und Sinn und fragen nach der Bedeutung ihrer besonderen Erfahrungen.

Thomas Bock erzählt in diesem Buch Geschichten von eigensinnigen Patient*innen – er berichtet von kreativen Wegen des Zugangs zu jungen Ersterkrankten und zu langfristig Psychoseerfahrenen. Sein Credo: Gerade von eigensinnigen Patient*innen können wir viel lernen über die Bedeutung von Psychosen, die notwendigen strukturellen Veränderungen der Psychiatrie, über angemessene Beziehungskultur.
Connecting the Dots Between Mental and Menstrual Health: An Exploratory Review
Authors: Ajari Esther Ejiroghene
Published: December 2021

Context: Mental and menstrual health, two emerging aspects of health critical to the female population, are bidirectionally linked. But there is limited empirical evidence that establishes the association between these entities. This essay aims to draw the attention of researchers to this healthcare niche. Evidence Acquisition: An exploratory review was carried out on literatures sourced from medical databases (e.g. PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science), and gray sources (popular and reputable institutional and journalistic websites that publishes mental or menstrual health research). The key words used for the search are “menstruation, menstrual hygiene, menstrual disorders, premenstrual syndrome, period poverty, menarche, menopause, mental health, mental disorder, mental illness, depression, anxiety, phobia, mania, mood, and affect”. The initial search generated 368 results. But after the duplicates were removed, the exclusion criteria (publication before 2000, and in languages other than English) was applied, and manual review of abstract (for relevance) was done, 21 publications from the databases and 5 from gray sources were included in this review. Results: Associations were found between menstrual cycle irregularities and disorders and mental disorders such as premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, major depressive disorder, major anxiety disorder, psychotic disorder, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, sleep disorder, substance use and abuse, and suicidal ideation and attempts. Few positive associations between mental and menstrual health were recorded, and several research and treatment gaps were identified. Conclusions: Research into the links between mental and menstrual health should not remain a fringe area of scientific curiosity, as it shows tremendous promise in improving healthcare offered to women/girls globally.
The Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus–Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma at One of the Largest Tertiary Care Centers in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Dapaah Gloria , Hille Jos , Faquin William C. , Whittaker Judith , Dittrich Corneli M. , Ebrahim Abdul-Kader , Schneider Johann W. , van Wyk Abraham C. , Opperman Johan , Merven Marc , Naidoo Komeela , Loock James W. , Afrogheh Amir H.
Published: December 2021

Context.—

Limited data exist on the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in sub-Saharan Africa.

Objective.—

To determine the prevalence of HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma at a large tertiary care center in South Africa.

Design.—

A total of 266 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas diagnosed during an 11-year period (2007–2017) were selected for evaluation. Cases staining positive for p16 immunohistochemistry were evaluated for high-risk HPV using the BD Onclarity assay (BD Diagnostics, Sparks, Maryland).

Results.—

Of 266 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas, 14% (n = 36) were positive for p16. Polymerase chain reaction for high-risk HPV performed on the p16-positive cases was negative in 23 cases and positive in 13 cases (13 of 266; 5%). p16 showed a positive predictive value of 36.1%. The HPV subtypes were HPV-16 (n = 10), HPV-18 (n = 1), HPV-52 (n = 1), and HPV-31 (n = 1). Human papillomavirus–positive cases occurred in 10 men and 3 women (mean age, 51 years) and arose from the tonsil (n = 10) or base of the tongue (n = 3). The HPV-positive cases were non-keratinizing (n = 10) or partially keratinizing (n = 1). Partially/nonkeratinizing cases revealed a modest improvement in p16 positive predictive value (11 of 21; 52.4%).

Conclusions.—

The presence of high-risk HPV in 5% of cases suggests that high-risk HPV is a minor etiologic agent in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in this region. Given its suboptimal positive predictive value, p16 is not a reliable marker for high-risk HPV infection in this region. When p16 is positive, HPV-specific testing is necessary. The identification of less common high-risk HPV types, HPV-52 and HPV-31, may influence current local vaccination strategies.
Subcategorization of T1 Bladder Cancer on Biopsy and Transurethral Resection Specimens for Predicting Progression
Authors: Budina Anna , Farahani Sahar J. , Lal Priti , Nayak Anupma
Published: December 2021

Context.—

Despite continued surveillance and intravesical therapy, a significant subset of patients with lamina propria–invasive bladder cancer (T1) will progress to muscle-invasive disease or metastases.

Objective.—

To analyze the value of pathologic subcategorization of T1 disease in predicting progression.

Design.—

Six substaging methods were applied to a retrospective cohort of 73 patients, with pT1 urothelial carcinoma diagnosed on biopsy/transurethral resection. Additionally, the immunohistochemistry for GATA3 and cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) was performed to study the prognostic value of stratifying T1 cancers into luminal or basal phenotypes.

Results.—

On follow-up (mean, 46 months), 21 patients (29%) experienced at least 1 recurrence without progression, and 16 (22%) had progression to muscle-invasive disease and/or distant metastasis. No differences were noted between progressors and nonprogressors with regard to sex, age, treatment status, medical history, tumor grade, and presence of carcinoma in situ. Substaging using depth of invasion (cutoff ≥1.4 mm), largest invasive focus (≥3.6 mm), aggregate linear length of invasion (≥8.9 mm), and number of invasive foci (≥3 foci) correlated significantly with progression and reduced progression-free survival, whereas invasion into muscularis mucosa or vascular plexus, or focal versus extensive invasion (focal when ≤2 foci, each <1 mm) failed. Patients with luminal tumors had higher incidence of progression than those with nonluminal tumors (27% versus 11%), although the difference was statistically insignificant (P = .14).

Conclusions.—

Substaging of T1 bladder cancers should be attempted in pathology reports. Quantifying the number of invasive foci (≥3) and/or measuring the largest contiguous focus of invasive carcinoma (≥3.6 mm) are practical tools for prognostic substaging of T1 cancers.
Precarious technoscapes: forced mobility and mobile connections at the urban margins
Authors: Chonka Peter , Bakonyi Jutta
Published: December 2021

Displaced people settling at the margins of Somali cities live in conditions of extreme precarity. They are also active users of information and communications technology (ICTs), employing mobile phones to maintain social networks, obtain information, navigate urban space and labour markets, transfer and store money, and receive aid. This article explores mobile connectivity from the perspective of displaced people, analysing how they experience mobile phones, and the connections they enable in the context of conflict and urban reconstruction in Somalia. The findings caution against techno-optimist developmental discourses, and provide a nuanced picture of the benefits, constraints, challenges and risks entailed in the engagement of marginalised urban populations with ICTs. Although providing various beneficial affordances, increased mobile connectivity does not by itself diminish inequalities. ICTs can reinforce power differentials between urban labourers and employers, become instruments of exploitation, and increase the distance between receivers of aid and the transnational regimes that govern precarity in Somali cities.
The ‘hybrid model’ of Norway’s ethnic policy in its northern counties: a key to stable interethnic relations
Authors: Zadorin Maksim Y. , Kotlova Ekaterina S.
Published: December 2021

In this article, we study the political and legal model currently used by Norway in its Northern counties. This work is a part of comprehensive research supported by the Russian Science Foundation. Our study aims to provide a historical perspective to the model of Nor­way’s national ethnic policy in the Northern counties by identifying the operational capabili­ties and assessing the efficiency of these models amid increasing migration flows and changes in the country’s socio-economic environment. The methods we use in this multidisciplinary study are situated at the interface of national and international law, political science, history, and sociology. They include the comparative historical method (the dynamics of ethno-political processes), the systemic method (ethic policy in the framework of target-based pro­gramme management), the comparative law method (a comparison of national legal systems and international contractual standards), the value and norm-driven method (ethnic policy viewed through the prism of public good), institutional method (the role of political institu­tions), and the secondary analysis of sociological data. We also rely on qualitative methods, namely, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data on ethnic diasporas living in the North of Norway. As a result, we establish that the Kingdom of Norway has a unified ap­proach to national ethnic policy, which rests on self-confessed multiculturalism. However, different ethnic political models are applied in the case of certain ethnic groups. Today, against the background of declared state multiculturalism and integration, the models of ac­culturation and non-violent assimilation are both operational in Norway. There are sporadic expressions of nationalism and voluntary segregation. We conclude that, despite a unified approach to ethnic policy and despite Norway’s political and legal achievements in the pro­tection of indigenous peoples’ rights, the country’s government carries out a differentiated ‘hybrid’ ethnic policy towards ethnic groups living on its territory. The growing infighting between the right and the left parties in the Storting translates into unpopular and spur-of-the-moment political decisions as regards inter-ethnic relations.
From the Mediterranean to the Baltic: the problem of implementing the principle of solidarity in the EU area of immigration and asylum
Authors: Voynikov Vadim V.
Published: December 2021

The 2015 migration crisis significantly affected the EU’s area of freedom, security, and justice and challenged the cohesion and solidarity of the European Union. Although the crisis is past its peak, it is not over yet: problems and challenges associated with it persist. One of them is the lack of a common approach among member states to the implementation of the principle of solidarity in the EU area of immigration and asylum. This work aims to consider the legal and political aspects of the implementation of the principle of solidarity and fair sharing of responsibility in the area of immigration and asylum. This study relies on the works of Russian and international experts in European integration and European law and on the analysis of EU regulations. There are two dimensions to the implementation of the princi­ple of solidarity: the political and legal ones. The legal perspective provides certain clarity to the issue. According to the European Court of Justice, this principle is binding: it is capable of imposing the legal obligation of solidarity. However, as to the political perspective, mem­ber states have not been able to reach compromise. Although it is possible to introduce a permanent relocation mechanism using qualified majority voting, the Council usually seeks consensus. In this situation, the goal of the EU is not to ensure the right decision but rather to create conditions for it to be implemented by all the member states.
Migration in the Kaliningrad region reflected in the 1989—2015 censuses and microcensuses
Authors: Abylkalikov Salavat I. , Sazin Vitaly S.
Published: December 2021

The Kaliningrad region stands out for its history and geographical location. In the post-war period, the region was completely repopulated. People from many parts of Russia and other republics of the former USSR were recruited to develop the new territory. Although demographic processes and migration in the Kaliningrad region have been studied in detail, we believe that census and micro-census data can significantly advance the current knowledge of this unique region. This holds true for the data relating to the results of pre-survey migration. This approach differs markedly from traditional migration studies in Rus­sia, which rely on migration flow data, in both data sources and migration criteria employed. Our study uses the place of birth data from the 1989, 2002, and 2010 censuses and the 1994 and 2015 microcensuses. We conclude that the proportions of residents born locally and in post-Soviet Asian countries have been increasing in recent decades. At the same time, the contribution of the natives of Belarus and Ukraine to the region's population is rapidly de­clining, largely due to the change of generations having a different migration history.
Peace as the purpose of the military
Authors: Stanar Dragan
Published: December 2021

The attitude of political system, and in a broader sense of political community, towards the military is largely defined by the understanding of the role and purpose that the military has in a society. The lack of the understanding of the true purpose of the military often leads to inadequate evaluation of this institution, both in political system and by general public. The objective of this paper is to define peace as the purpose of the military, which will enable a proper understanding of its vital political role as a necessary framework and preconditions for the existence and functioning of all other institutions in the society. The paper analyzes the perception of the role of the military institution and its members and offers an alternative definition of its function and purpose, which facilitates correct insight into the role of the military in the society and depicts its essential nature. An intuitive understanding of the role of the military, through misinterpretation of instrument (war) as the purpose itself, reduces its purpose to war, and thus determines the attitude of the lay political public towards this institution and its members. Therefore, it is necessary to offer an adequate answer to the question: why the purpose of the military is actually peace and not war, what kind of peace it is, and by which functions this institution fulfills its role. It is concluded that the military exercises the defined purpose of "good" peace in two ways - in peace by preserving it through the function of deterrence, and in war by establishing it as quickly as possible through victory.
The budget control in the function of the civil and democratic control of the armed forces in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Knežević Milena , Nikolić Srboljub , Neševski Aleksandar
Published: December 2021

One of the important indicators of democratization of each society is the constitutional and legal definition of the role of the military and the possibility of its control. The civil and democratic control of the Serbian Armed Forces primarily includes control of the use and development of the Serbian Armed Forces, internal and external control of the expenditures for the military needs, monitoring and informing the public about the state of preparations of the Armed Forces, providing free access to information of public importance and defining responsibilities for performing the military duties in accordance with the law. The instrument for financing the military expenditures in the Republic of Serbia is the state budget. During the drafting of the Law on Budget, the costs for the military needs are planned for the budget year and the following two years. Having in mind that the Law on Budget is passed by the highest legislative body - the National Assembly, the main principle of the democratic control of the military expenditure planning is provided. However, the budget execution implies the control over the use of the budget funds, whereby the Law on Budget System provides for several levels of control, organized as internal and external control. The internal control of the military expenditures, expressed in the budget of the Republic of Serbia, is carried out by the financial service bodies of the units and institutions of the Serbian Armed Forces, the Accounting Centre of the Budget and Finance Sector of the Ministry of Defence, the Defence Inspectorate, the Military Security Agency, the Criminal Investigation Group and the Internal Audit of the Ministry of Defence. The external control of the budget intended for the military needs is performed by the State Audit Institution and the Budget Inspection. The objective of the control is to determine whether the actions of the Serbian Armed Forces are in accordance with the position stipulated by the Constitution, as well as with the policy that the mentioned representative and executive authorities define in their acts.
Implementation Science to Improve Tobacco Cessation Services in Oncology Care
Authors: _ _
Published: December 2021

Every patient with cancer deserves access to evidence-based tobacco cessation interventions as part of their routine oncology care. The NCI Cancer Moonshot funded the Cancer Center Cessation Initiative (C3I) to help establish and/or expand tobacco treatment programs at 52 NCI-designated Cancer Centers. Although this initiative has broadened the availability of tobacco treatment services across US cancer centers, the reach and utilization of these services remains low among patients. To help address the remaining gap between the availability and utilization of evidence-based treatments for tobacco use in the oncologic context, staff and investigators at C3I sites and the C3I Coordinating Center formed the C3I Implementation Science Working Group. The mission of this working group is to bring together clinicians, scientists, and policymakers who share a common interest in implementation science and treating tobacco use in the oncologic context to collaborate on projects aimed at shrinking the practice gap in this area. Through case study examples, we describe how the C3I Implementation Science Working Group is supporting efforts to identify effective ways to increase the utilization of evidence-based tobacco treatments within cancer treatment settings and promote the broader impact and long-term sustainability of C3I.
Financial instruments and investment strategies based on volatility – proprietary strategies and market-neutral financial products
Authors:   Wydział Zarządzania, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Sroka Iwona , Seliga Kamil ,   Wydział Zarządzania, Uniwersytet Warszawski
Published: December 2021

The paper presents a comprehensive introduction to volatility trading, from explaining the definition of volatility, through simple strategies for getting exposure to volatility, to advanced ETN products constructed from derivatives on the VIX index. The theoretical part discusses the idea of volatility trading derived from the assumptions of the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The remainder of this paper presents derivatives that provide exposure to volatility along with the opportunities and pitfalls faced by investors in this market. The practical part presents the proprietary approach to creating investment strategies based on the anomalies of implied volatility of the S & P500 and model portfolios built of products from the Volatility ETP segment and the ETF for the S & P500 index, dedicated to cautious investors, which can be an alternative to mixed equity and bond portfolios.
Advertising of dietary supplements and advertising of drugs – similarieties and differences
Authors:   Wydział Zarządzania, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Chlebiej Joanna
Published: December 2021

Dietary supplements, medical devices and other parapharmaceutical products, due to the form of their distribution, places of sale and the method of their promotion, may be perceived by patients as drugs. The article will define the basic concepts and selected scientific issues related to the promotion of dietary supplements and drugs. The differences between the definitions of individual, important concepts related to the promotion of dietary supplements and drugs in the literature and legal regulations will also be illustrated. The aim of the article will be to identify the differences and similarities in the legal possibilities of promoting drugs and dietary supplements, which may affect the perception of drugs and dietary supplements by consumers. The similarities and differences will be determined on the basis of an analysis of legal regulations and a review of the literature on the promotion of drugs and dietary supplements. Differences and similarities in the context of promotion and perception of drugs and dietary supplements may be important in a social context. The effects of this promotion may have
The review of the book “Employer Branding – Eine wissenschaftliche Analyse des State-of-the Art empirischer Untersuchung im Bereich Employer Branding” written by Peter Kuhn
Authors: Jędrzejczyk Anna
Published: December 2021

This paper is a review of a book about employer branding written by Peter Kuhn. The comments and suggestions concerning its content are based on the literature available in English, German and Polish. Employer branding is very often analysed from the business point of view, but not so often from the linguistic one. The possible research fi elds are mentioned.
La poésie mathématique de Salah Stétié
Authors: Khodr Fadi
Published: December 2021

L’article explore l’imaginaire du poète contemporain Salah Stétié à la lumière des termes mathématiques qui parsèment ses écrits publiés entre 1973 et 2019. Il explique et analyse principalement les figures géométriques concentrées dans quelques passages du roman poétique Lecture d’une femme (1988) et « l’équation limpide » exposée dans le recueil Le Mendiant aux mains de neige (2018). L’étude essaie ainsi d’élucider et d’interpréter l’enjeu et la valeur de ces inscriptions dans l’expérience et l’expression de l’être au monde.
Cryptographie et poésie : dimensions mathématiques dans Incendies et Ciels de Wajdi Mouawad
Authors: Khordoc Catherine
Published: December 2021

Dans cet article, j’examine les différentes modalités de l’inscription d’éléments mathématiques dans deux pièces de théâtre de Wajdi Mouawad, Incendies (2003) et Ciels (2009). Dans la première, conjoncture et théorie des graphes sont mises au service de la résolution de l’énigme au coeur de l’intrigue alors que dans la seconde, il s’agit du décryptage de messages captés afin de déceler un complot terroriste international. Je montre que le rapprochement entre mathématiques et diverses formes d’expressions artistiques (littérature, arts visuels, traduction) fait partie intégrante de la poétique mouawadienne.
Mathématique de l’idéal : Sébastien Brebel et la fiction du chaos1
Authors: Bérard Cassie , Dussault Antoine
Published: December 2021

Sensible aux principes de la théorie mathématique du chaos, cet article opère une lecture narrative des fictions romanesques de Sébastien Brebel pour en révéler les structures irrégulières, marquées par des disjonctions et des déviations. Il expose le piège déterministe dans lequel s’empêtrent les narrateurs, dont la raison idéalisante cherche à taire la pensée accidentelle. À terme, l’article reconnaît dans l’oeuvre de Brebel une poétique de la ruine (l’idée entraînant l’événement, anéantissant l’idée), où causalité et contingence suggèrent une mathématique imparfaite.
Mathématiques, littérature, histoire, ou comment Michèle Audin a écrit certains de ses livres. Entretien
Authors: Reggiani Christelle
Published: December 2021

Cooptée à l’Oulipo (Ouvroir de littérature potentielle) en 2009, la mathématicienne et écrivaine Michèle Audin revient dans cet entretien sur la place des mathématiques – des nombres aussi bien que des structures – dans son oeuvre littéraire, et s’explique aussi sur l’inflexion historique, politiquement engagée, qui caractérise ses derniers livres, notamment autour de la mémoire de la Semaine sanglante où prit fin la Commune de Paris (1871).
Perspectives littéraires sur l’oeuvre d’Ibn Battuta : le merveilleux, l’auctorialité et la double rhétorique du voyageur
Authors: Thouroude Guillaume
Published: December 2021

Cet article montre que l’écrivain voyageur Ibn Battuta (1304-1377), très étudié dans les sciences sociales depuis les années 1980, demeure peu lu par la critique occidentale spécialisée en littérature de voyage. Après l’exposé des raisons d’une telle absence, l’analyse se tourne vers des interprétations littéraires et idéologiques qui pourraient être utiles à la critique en littérature viatique afin qu’elle se décide à inclure les voyageurs arabes dans son corpus : la catégorie du « merveilleux factuel », la multiplicité auctoriale et la double rhétorique du conservatisme et du libéralisme apparaissent comme des invariants de laRihlatout en comptant parmi les éléments génériques intemporels du récit de voyage littéraire.
Antagonism between killer yeast strains as an experimental model for biological nucleation dynamics
Authors: Giometto Andrea , Nelson David R , Murray Andrew W
Published: December 2021

Antagonistic interactions are widespread in the microbial world and affect microbial evolutionary dynamics. Natural microbial communities often display spatial structure, which affects biological interactions, but much of what we know about microbial antagonism comes from laboratory studies of well-mixed communities. To overcome this limitation, we manipulated two killer strains of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, expressing different toxins, to independently control the rate at which they released their toxins. We developed mathematical models that predict the experimental dynamics of competition between toxin-producing strains in both well-mixed and spatially structured populations. In both situations, we experimentally verified theory’s prediction that a stronger antagonist can invade a weaker one only if the initial invading population exceeds a critical frequency or size. Finally, we found that toxin-resistant cells and weaker killers arose in spatially structured competitions between toxin-producing strains, suggesting that adaptive evolution can affect the outcome of microbial antagonism in spatial settings.
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces inflammation via TLR2-dependent activation of the NF-κB pathway
Authors: Khan Shahanshah , Shafiei Mahnoush S , Longoria Christopher , Schoggins John W , Savani Rashmin C , Zaki Hasan
Published: December 2021

The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is associated with a hyperinflammatory response; however, the precise mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation is poorly understood. Here, we investigated direct inflammatory functions of major structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2. We observed that spike (S) protein potently induced inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6, IL-1β, TNFα, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CCL2, but not IFNs in human and mouse macrophages. No such inflammatory response was observed in response to membrane (M), envelope (E), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. When stimulated with extracellular S protein, human and mouse lung epithelial cells also produced inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Interestingly, epithelial cells expressing S protein intracellularly were non-inflammatory, but elicited an inflammatory response in macrophages when co-cultured. Biochemical studies revealed that S protein triggers inflammation via activation of the NF-κB pathway in a MyD88-dependent manner. Further, such an activation of the NF-κB pathway was abrogated in Tlr2-deficient macrophages. Consistently, administration of S protein-induced IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in wild-type, but not Tlr2-deficient mice. Notably, upon recognition of S protein, TLR2 dimerizes with TLR1 or TLR6 to activate the NF-κB pathway. Taken together, these data reveal a mechanism for the cytokine storm during SARS-CoV-2 infection and suggest that TLR2 could be a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19.
Reversal of the adipostat control of torpor during migration in hummingbirds
Authors: Eberts Erich R , Guglielmo Christopher G , Welch Kenneth C
Published: December 2021

Many small endotherms use torpor to reduce metabolic rate and manage daily energy balance. However, the physiological ‘rules’ that govern torpor use are unclear. We tracked torpor use and body composition in ruby-throated hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris), a long-distance migrant, throughout the summer using respirometry and quantitative magnetic resonance. During the mid-summer, birds entered torpor at consistently low fat stores (~5% of body mass), and torpor duration was negatively related to evening fat load. Remarkably, this energy emergency strategy was abandoned in the late summer when birds accumulated fat for migration. During the migration period, birds were more likely to enter torpor on nights when they had higher fat stores, and fat gain was positively correlated with the amount of torpor used. These findings demonstrate the versatility of torpor throughout the annual cycle and suggest a fundamental change in physiological feedback between adiposity and torpor during migration. Moreover, this study highlights the underappreciated importance of facultative heterothermy in migratory ecology.
The enteric pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum exports proteins into the cytosol of the infected host cell
Authors: Dumaine Jennifer E , Sateriale Adam , Gibson Alexis R , Reddy Amita G , Gullicksrud Jodi A , Hunter Emma N , Clark Joseph T , Striepen Boris
Published: December 2021

The parasite Cryptosporidium is responsible for diarrheal disease in young children causing death, malnutrition, and growth delay. Cryptosporidium invades enterocytes where it develops in a unique intracellular niche. Infected cells exhibit profound changes in morphology, physiology, and transcriptional activity. How the parasite effects these changes is poorly understood. We explored the localization of highly polymorphic proteins and found members of the Cryptosporidium parvum MEDLE protein family to be translocated into the cytosol of infected cells. All intracellular life stages engage in this export, which occurs after completion of invasion. Mutational studies defined an N-terminal host-targeting motif and demonstrated proteolytic processing at a specific leucine residue. Direct expression of MEDLE2 in mammalian cells triggered an ER stress response, which was also observed during infection. Taken together, our studies reveal the presence of a Cryptosporidium secretion system capable of delivering parasite proteins into the infected enterocyte.