bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Events in Older Patients With Myocardial Infarction Prescribed Intensive-Dose and Moderate-Dose Statins
Authors: Ko Dennis T. , Wijeysundera Harindra C. , Jackevicius Cynthia A. , Yousef Altayyeb , Wang Julie , Tu Jack V.
Published: May 2013

Background—

Practice guidelines recommend intensive-dose statins for patients with acute coronary syndrome, but recent data about the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus have raised concerns about its use. Our main objective was to evaluate the association between intensive statin therapy and new-onset diabetes mellitus in patients with myocardial infarction and to evaluate the association of intensive statin therapy with long-term adverse clinical outcomes.

Methods and Results—

A propensity score–matched cohort was created consisting of 17 080 patients with myocardial infarction aged >65 years old, hospitalized in Ontario, Canada, from 2004 to 2010. Clinical outcomes were compared in patients prescribed intensive-dose versus moderate-dose statins at hospital discharge. At 5 years, 13.6% of patients receiving intensive-dose statins and 13.0% of patients receiving moderate-dose statins had new-onset diabetes, which was not significantly different (
P
=0.19). By contrast, the 5-year rate of death or acute coronary syndrome was significantly lower at 44.8% in the intensive-dose statin group compared with 46.5% in the moderate-dose group (
P
=0.044). The reduction in combined clinical outcome was driven mainly by a significantly lower rate of acute coronary syndrome (
P
=0.039) associated with intensive-dose statins. No significant difference in mortality rates (34.8% in both groups) was observed between the treatment groups during the study period (
P
=0.89).

Conclusions—

In older patients with myocardial infarction, we found intensive-dose statin therapy to be effective in reducing repeat hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome. The rate of new-onset diabetes mellitus at long term was not significantly different between intensive-dose and moderate-dose statins.
Contemporary Use of Prasugrel in Clinical Practice
Authors: Sandhu Amneet , Seth Milan , Dixon Simon , Share David , Wohns David , LaLonde Thomas , Moscucci Mauro , Riba Arthur L. , Grossman Michael , Gurm Hitinder S.
Published: May 2013

Background—

Prasugrel is a recently approved thienopyridine for use in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. There are no data on contemporary use of prasugrel in routine clinical practice.

Methods and Results—

We assessed the patterns of prasugrel use among 55 821 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and were discharged alive from January 2010 to December 2011 at 44 hospitals participating in the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Cardiovascular Consortium. Potential inappropriate therapy was defined as use in patients who had a history of cerebrovascular disease, weighed <60 kg, or were aged ≥75 years old. Clopidogrel was prescribed to 83% (n=46 574) and 17% (n=9247) of patients received prasugrel on hospital discharge. A steady, linear increase in prasugrel use was seen during the study period, with discharge prescription increasing from 8.4% in quarter 1 of 2010 to 22.3% in quarter 4 of 2011. Of the total cohort, 69.1% of patients presented with acute coronary syndrome, and in this group, 17.2% received prasugrel. Among patients prescribed prasugrel, 28.3% (n=2614) received the medication for indications outside of acute coronary syndromes. One or more known contraindications to the drug were present in 6% to 10% of patients discharged on this agent.

Conclusions—

There has been a steady increase in the use of prasugrel with the drug being used in ≈22% of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention by study end. Prasugrel use in patients with known contraindications is not uncommon and may be a suitable target for focused quality improvement efforts.
Documenting orang-utan sleep architecture: sleeping platform complexity increases sleep quality in captive Pongo
Authors: Samson David R. , Shumaker Robert W.
Published: May 2013

Of the extant primates, only 20 non-human species have been studied by sleep scientists. Notable sampling gaps exist, including large-bodied hominoids such as gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), orang-utans (Pongo spp.) and bonobos (Pan paniscus), for which data have been characterized as high priority. Here, we report the sleep architecture of three female and two male orang-utans housed at the Indianapolis Zoo. Sleep states were identified by scoring correlated behavioural signatures (e.g., respiration, gross body movement, muscle atonia, random eye movement, etc.). The captive orang-utans were focal subjects for a total of 70 nights (1013 h) recorded. We found that orang-utans slept an average of 9.11 h (range 5.85–11.2 h) nightly and were characterized by an average NREM of 8.03 h (range 5.47–10.2 h) and REM of 1.11 (range: 0.38–2.2 h) per night. In addition, using a sleeping platform complexity index (SPCI) we found that individuals that manufactured and slept in more complex beds were characterized by higher quality sleep. Sleep fragmentation (the number of brief awakenings greater than 2 min per hour), arousability (number of motor activity bouts per hour), and total time awake per night were reduced by greater quality sleep environments. Therefore, comfortable sleeping environments reduced arousability and improve sleep quality in captive orang-utans. These results support Fruth & Hohmann’s (1996) hypothesis, which purported that the tree-limb-to-sleeping platform transition in Miocene apes improved sleep quality.
Interaction between competitors and predators and its effects on morphological and behavioural defences in Scinax nasicus tadpoles
Authors: Gómez Valeria I. , Kehr Arturo I.
Published: May 2013

Predation affects the behaviour of organisms, and the number of conspecifics can influence the perception of predation risk. Two main types of traits, morphological and behavioural, are involved in the induced defences of many organisms. Here, we examined the influence of chemical cues of the predators Belostoma elongatum (Hemiptera, Belostomatidae) and Moenkhausia dichroura (Characiformes, Characidae) on the morphology, growth, development and activity of Scinax nasicus larvae. Our main goal was to determine whether the investment in morphological or behavioural defences varied according to the number of conspecifics and to the chemical cues of predators. To this end, we performed two experiments under microcosm conditions. In experiment 1, we determined morphological defences in tadpoles by analysing changes in morphology, growth rate and development rate, whereas in experiment 2, we determined behavioural defences by analysing changes in the activity of tadpoles. The experimental design consisted of two tadpole densities, with and without chemical cues of predators. We found that: (1) larval morphology, growth and development were significantly affected by density; (2) the chemical cues of the predators did not influence the morphology, growth or development of tadpoles; (3) tadpoles at high densities were more active than those at low densities; (4) tadpoles decreased the activity in the presence of chemical cues of M. dichroura; and (5) tadpoles increased the activity in the presence of chemical cues of B. elongatum. Our results suggest that density is a determinant factor of tadpole morphology of and that Scinax nasicus larvae respond to predators with behavioural defences, which vary according to the type of predator.
Postnatal persistence of episodic spontaneous rapid-body-movement bursts and twitches in the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis
Authors: Corner Michael A.
Published: May 2013

Measurements made under microscopic examination of spontaneous motility shortly before and after hatching in the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, revealed a developmental continuity wherein bursts of vigorous mantle contractions lasting a few seconds at most, often associated with irregular twitching of the tentacles and head (but less often of the eyes or chromatophores), follow each other at variable intervals ranging from less than 5 s to many minutes. Releasing the animals prematurely into sea water had no qualitative effect on visible movements but augmented their incidence considerably if done several days before hatching, while reducing it if done shortly prior to hatching. That this was not an age effect is suggested by the lack of any difference between the two groups after their emergence from the egg capsule. The temporal patterning of these stereotyped ‘rapid-body-movements’, defined here as an immature subclass of ‘motorically active sleep’, differed both quantitatively and qualitatively from the repetitive bouts of swimming (‘active wakefulness’) that also occur episodically in hatchlings but not in embryos. Similar to endothermic vertebrates, sleep bursts in cuttlefish rapidly became much less frequent with increasing age as the incidence of wake-like behaviour increased. Spontaneous embryonic motility, c.q., active sleep, thus appears to constitute an ontogenetically and phylogenetically primordial behavioural state which continues without discontinuity into postnatal life, with classical ‘rapid-eye-movement’, c.q., ‘paradoxical’ sleep, being a later appearing special case.
A Difficulty Concerning Compensation
Authors: Smilansky Saul
Published: May 2013

We sometimes harm people legitimately, by standing in front of them in the queue at the cinema and buying the last available ticket, for instance, or by acting in self-defense. If we harm them illegitimately, however, we ostensibly have a moral obligation to compensate them for the harm done. And the more we harm them, the greater the compensation that, prima facie, we need to offer. But if the harm increases further, at some point we will need to offer less compensation. Yet more harm, and it is quite likely that no compensation at all will be morally expected. In such situations, the greater the harm, the better off we will be, morally, in one important respect. This is morally absurd but, I claim, true, and it does not appear to have received significant philosophical attention. I explore the issue.
Outsourcing Law Reform in Developing Countries to Private Contractors: A Human Rights Perspective
Authors: Bantekas Ilias , Kypraios Christos , Isaac Kebreab
Published: May 2013

The financial resources available for the pursuit of human rights objectives has given rise to an entire industry that is reliant on human rights consultancies. This is fed by tied or other forms of development aid and there exist few controls to assess the work of the actors that make their living from this industry. To a large degree, this privatisation of law reform is exacerbated by the fact that developing countries agree to the multitude of conditions set upon them by multilateral donors, one of which is said privatisation. In this manner, donors may adversely intervene in the relevant processes and distort a situation on the ground by, for example, painting a picture that does not accord with reality solely to justify their funding policies and recommendations to the recipient State.
Indigent’s Right to State Funded Legal Aid in Ethiopia
Authors: Ahmed Tura Hussein
Published: May 2013

This article examines the extent to which state-funded legal aid in criminal cases is recognized and implemented in Ethiopia. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) Constitution and human rights treaties to which Ethiopia is a party recognize an indigent’s right to defense counsel at state expense where the interests of justice so require. However, on the basis of available data collected from the courts, the police stations and prisons, this article finds that the implementing institutions, such as the Office of Public Defenders, are not operating effectively and moreover the public generally lacks legal awareness. These impediments have in turn contributed to a number of indigent accused being tried and convicted without the benefit of legal advice and representation at different stages of proceedings. It has also been found that almost all unrepresented accused have committed serious errors in said proceedings. In addition, lack of legal aid affects the overall justice system since the indigent cannot defend themselves against trained prosecutors armed with state power. In this article it is argued that in order for Ethiopia to implement an indigent’s right to state-funded legal aid, an independent legal aid agency must be established, which should be responsible for the administration of legal aid.
Enforced Disappearance and Relatives’ Rights before the Inter-American and European Human Rights Courts
Authors: Murray Alexander
Published: May 2013

This article considers the approaches taken by the Inter-American and European human rights courts in establishing that the rights of relatives of those forcibly disappeared had been violated. The two courts have proceeded on the basis that such acts may themselves constitute a violation of the right not to be subjected to inhuman or degrading treatment as protected by the respective human rights conventions. However, to establish that a relative’s rights have been violated, the courts have identified a number of key elements which must be present. These include the existence of a relationship between the primary victim and the relative, the efforts the relative made to search for the victim and the State’s response to such efforts. This article therefore examines and compares the approach taken by the two courts, highlighting similarities and differences which can be said to exist between the two.
The Right to Freedom of Expression, Press and Culture in South Africa: A Survey of Recent Developments
Authors: Nevondwe Lufuno , Matotoka Motlhatlego
Published: May 2013

This article reflects on the recent case and determination in Goodman Gallery v Film and Publication Board and Print Media South Africa v Minister of Home Affairs and Another which set important precedents in the media industry. These determinations also show the consistency of the South African Courts and tribunals in ensuring that the right to human dignity, the achievement of equality, and the advancement of human rights and freedoms which are among the founding values of the Constitution are afforded adequate protection. These constitutional rights are often in conflict with each other. The article determines whether one constitutional right supersedes the other. It also comments briefly on the role of the media in South Africa and its challenges under democracy. The article further considers the statutory mandate of the Films and Publication Board and provides a critique of the decision in Goodman Gallery.
Diversity and biogeography of Israeli geophilomorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha)
Authors: CHIPMAN ARIEL D. , DOR NETA , BONATO LUCIO
Published: May 2013

The fauna of Chilopoda Geophilomorpha of Israel has been analyzed after examining 128 new specimens from 35 local-ities, reinterpreting all published data including 103 records, and relating occurrence of species with major climatic pa-rameters. A key to identification has been compiled. A total of 17 species are distinguished, of which three are reported from Israel for the first time, while five are documented by published records only. The following new synonymies are proposed and discussed: Dignathodon pachypus Verhoeff, 1943 = Dignathodon microcephalus (Lucas, 1846); Geophilus flavidus noduliger Verhoeff, 1925 = Clinopodes escherichii (Verhoeff, 1896); Pachymerium ferrugineum vosseleri Ver-hoeff, 1902 = P. ferrugineum (Koch, 1835). Of all the species, Bothriogaster signata and Pachymerium ferrugineum are widespread in the country, while other species occupy different climatic zones, from desert to more humid and montane.
Oxybleptes davisi (Notman, 1924) in Minnesota (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Staphylininae, Xantholinini)
Authors: SMETANA ALEŠ
Published: May 2013

The occurrence of numerous male specimens of Oxybleptes davisi (Notman, 1924) near Duluth in northern Minnesota is reported, including the special collecting circumstances. This is the first record of Oxybleptes davisi in Minnesota, which extends the distributional range of the species considerably toward the west.
Trogophloeus tripunctulatus Coiffait, 1981, a new synonym of Carpelimus insularis (Kraatz, 1858) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Oxytelinae)
Authors: MAKRANCZY GYÖRGY
Published: May 2013

In the course of a type revision for all the New World members of the very speciose genus Carpelimus Leach, 1819, taxa described from the Galápagos Archipelago were investigated. There were five species described by Coiffait (1981) as Trogophloeus, despite the fact that since 1970 Carpelimus was the valid name of the genus; and descriptions were lacking illustrations. One of these taxa, Trogophloeus (?Boopinus) tripunctulatus Coiffait, 1981: 304 was based on a single, particularly poorly preserved specimen. In this type both antennae are missing (except first two antennomeres on both sides), the forebody appears smashed, the head is split on the left side under the eye, so that the left eye appears much larger than the right one, and the pronotum has cracks (one large across right side of disc, and some smaller ones along anterior edge). The pubescence is present only partially, and the pronotal sculpture may partly be distorted. The elytra are also cracked longitudinally on both sides. Some legs are missing. Describing a new taxon based on such material is unexcusable.
Non-coercive promotion of values in civic education for democracy
Authors: Fives Allyn
Published: May 2013

This article explores the values that should be promoted in civic education for democracy and also how the promotion of values can be non-coercive. It will be argued that civic education should promote the values of reasonableness, mutual respect and fairness, but also that only public, political reasons count in attempting to justify the content of civic education. It will also be argued that the content of civic education may legitimately be broader than this, including but not restricted to the values of autonomy, integrity, magnanimity, truthfulness and generosity. At the same time, if civic education is seen merely as a means to shape and form future citizens, then the promotion of values in civic education will be a coercive imposition on children and young people. If the promotion of values instead is to be non-coercive it must be defended with reasons that children and young people should be able to accept.
From creativity to Responsible Createlligence®
Authors: Urban Klaus K
Published: May 2013

A creative life is described with a dual perspective. Starting with the input of family and schools and crystallizing around the aspects of ‘spoken word’ and ‘need of/for novelty’, a scholarly career and research of new topics (in the country) developed on the one hand; on the other hand, creative activities and products in several domains of arts emerged, with particularly successful highlights in later life (poetry slamming). Finally, in expanding Urban’s components model of creativity, a capacious model structure is delineated to provide a foundation for creative education concerning the challenges, tasks and necessary competencies for the future: the model of Responsible Createlligence®.
Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase: A new key in the dysregulation of glutamate in migraine patients
Authors: Campos Francisco , Sobrino Tomás , Pérez-Mato María , Rodríguez-Osorio Xiana , Leira Rogelio , Blanco Miguel , Mirelman David , Castillo José
Published: May 2013

Objective

Based on the capacity of the blood-resident enzyme glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) to metabolize blood glutamate, our aim was to study the association of GOT activity with serum glutamate levels and clinical parameters in patients with migraine.

Methods

This case-control study included 45 episodic migraine patients (IHS 2004 criteria) and 16 control subjects. We analyzed glutamate and GOT activity in peripheral blood samples obtained during interictal periods and migraine attacks ( n = 15). Frequency, severity, and duration of attacks and time of evolution were also recorded.

Results

Migraine patients showed lower GOT activity than controls (15.2 ± 2.9 vs. 18.7 ± 3.8 U/l) and higher levels of glutamate (153.7 ± 68.6 vs. 121.5 ± 59.2 μM) (all p < 0.05). A negative correlation was found between GOT activity and glutamate levels ( r = −0.493; p < 0.0001) in interictal periods; however, this negative correlation was lost during attacks ( r = −0.026; p = 0.925). During attacks, we found a positive correlation between the time elapsed from attack onset and glutamate levels ( r = 0.738; p < 0.0001), but not for GOT activity ( r = −0.075; p = 0.809).

Conclusions

Migraine patients showed reduced GOT activity and increased levels of blood glutamate levels as compared to control subjects. Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between GOT activity and glutamate levels in interictal periods.
Transient unilateral spatial neglect during aura in a woman with sporadic hemiplegic migraine
Authors: Di Stefano Francesca , Floris Gianluca , Vacca Mariangela , Serra Giulia , Cannas Antonino , Borghero Giuseppe , Marrosu Maria Giovanna , Marrosu Francesco
Published: May 2013

Background

Hemiplegic migraine is a rare form of migraine with aura characterized by motor aura. Although auras in hemiplegic migraine are typically complex with two or more aura symptoms, neglect has been rarely described.

Case report

We report the case of a 20-year-old woman with sporadic hemiplegic migraine that was investigated for the presence of unilateral spatial neglect (USN) during aura in one of her migraine attacks. Transient hemispatial neglect was observed during a right-sided migraine attack with left sensory-motor hemisyndrome; after migraine resolution there was a total recovery.

Conclusions

Our case demonstrates that USN may be a symptom of aura. To our knowledge, this is the first report of USN during aura in an adult with sporadic hemiplegic migraine.
An Update on Diets in Clinical Practice
Authors: Zupec-Kania Beth , Neal Elizabeth , Schultz Rebecca , Roan Marian E. , Turner Zahava , Welborn Michelle
Published: May 2013

Ketogenic diet therapies involve a collaborative healthcare team and therefore are typically offered in tertiary care centers. Centers that utilize these therapies with frequency gain valuable experience and become skilled in their practice. This chapter is a summary from the presentations of 5 practitioners including a nurse, pharmacist, and 3 dietitians who shared their expertise during the clinical session of the 2012 International Symposium.
The Nutritive and Immunoprotective Quality of Human Milk beyond 1 Year Postpartum
Authors: Perrin Maryanne Tigchelaar , Fogleman April , Allen Jonathan C.
Published: May 2013

Donor human milk is critical for the fragile preterm infant who does not have access to his or her mother’s milk, improving survival rates and quality of survival and decreasing hospital stay. Despite the opening of donor milk banks around the world, shortages continue as demand for donor milk exceeds supply. One potential means of increasing supply is by reducing exclusion criteria that prohibit mothers from donating milk based on duration of lactation. Minimal research has been done on the composition of human milk during the second year of lactation, with most research focusing on the nutritive compounds and not the immunoprotective compounds. Several immunoprotective compounds, including lysozyme, lactoferrin, secretory immunoglobulin A, and oligosaccharides, are abundant in human milk compared to bovine-based infant formula and are partially or fully retained during Holder pasteurization, making them an important differentiating feature of donor milk. A PubMed search was conducted to review studies in human milk composition during the second year of lactation. Limitations of existing research include sample collection protocols, small study sizes, and use of populations that may have been at risk for nutritional deficiencies. Stable concentrations of several components were reported including protein, lactose, iron, copper, lactoferrin, and secretory immunoglobulin A. Lysozyme concentration increased during extended lactation, while zinc and calcium concentrations declined into the second year. Conflicting findings were reported on fat content, and no information was available regarding oligosaccharide content. More research is needed to create evidence-based guidelines regarding the nutritive and immunoprotective value of donor milk throughout the course of lactation.
Mechanical and time-dependent behavior of wood–plastic composites subjected to bending
Authors: Hamel Scott E , Hermanson John C , Cramer Steven M
Published: May 2013

The most popular use of wood–plastic composite (WPC) members in the United States has been as outdoor decking material in residential construction. If the use of these products expands into more structural applications, such as beams and joists, it is imperative that the material’s mechanical behavior be understood. Since most of the potential structural uses of this material are as flexural members, it is particularly important that the response to this mode of loading is well characterized. Like many filled polymers, WPCs are anisotropic and bimodal, and thus their shear and two axial moduli (tension and compression) must be determined separately. This study determined the shear and axial moduli of six WPC formulations (mainly polypropylene, high-density polyethylene, and low-density polyethylene) by testing prismatic members in bending at multiple span-to-depth ratios. The initial moduli were determined from constant strain rate tests, and their time dependencies were found using creep tests. The resulting axial-to-shear moduli ratios were shown to be greater than 25 for all formulations. The ratios were relatively constant over time at low stress levels, while decreasing over time at high stress levels.
Dynamic models for the contact analysis of a tensioned beam with a moving oscillator
Authors: Lee Kyuho , Chung Jintai
Published: May 2013

Several dynamic models are proposed for the contact analysis of a tensioned beam with a moving oscillator. Depending on whether the strain and stress used to derive the equations of motion are nonlinear, four models are established to analyze the beam deflections and the contact force between the beam and moving oscillator. We find that the differences in the contact forces and deflections computed with the models become large as the beam tension and moving velocity decrease and the natural frequency ratio of the oscillator to the beam increases. The nonlinear model derived with nonlinear strain and stress is desirable for an accurate analysis.
An Upside to Adversity?
Authors: Seery Mark D. , Leo Raphael J. , Lupien Shannon P. , Kondrak Cheryl L. , Almonte Jessica L.
Published: May 2013

Despite common findings suggesting that lack of negative life events should be optimal, recent work has revealed a curvilinear pattern, such that some cumulative lifetime adversity is instead associated with optimal well-being. This work, however, is limited in that responses to specific stressors as they occurred were not assessed, thereby precluding investigation of resilience. The current research addressed this critical gap by directly testing the relationship between adversity history and resilience to stressors. Specifically, we used a multimethod approach across two studies to assess responses to controlled laboratory stressors (respectively requiring passive endurance and active instrumental performance). Results revealed hypothesized U-shaped relationships: Relative to a history of either no adversity or nonextreme high adversity, a moderate number of adverse life events was associated with less negative responses to pain and more positive psychophysiological responses while taking a test. These results provide novel evidence in support of adversity-derived propensity for resilience that generalizes across stressors.
The GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide inhibits progression of vascular disease via effects on atherogenesis, plaque stability and endothelial function in an ApoE−/− mouse model
Authors: Gaspari Tracey , Welungoda Iresha , Widdop Robert E , Simpson Richard W , Dear Anthony E
Published: May 2013

Liraglutide, a once-daily glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, has been approved as a new treatment for type 2 diabetes and is the subject of a clinical trial programme to evaluate the effects on cardiovascular disease and safety. The current study aimed to determine the in vivo effect of liraglutide on progression of atherosclerotic vascular disease in the apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mouse model and identify underlying mechanisms responsible. Liraglutide treatment inhibited progression of early onset, low-burden atherosclerotic disease in a partially GLP-1R-dependent manner in the ApoE−/− mouse model. In addition, liraglutide treatment inhibited progression of atherosclerotic plaque formation and enhanced plaque stability, again in a partially GLP-1R-dependent manner. No significant effect of liraglutide on progression of late onset, high-burden atherosclerotic disease was observed. In addition, no significant endothelial cell dysfunction was identified in ApoE−/− mice with early onset, low-burden atherosclerotic disease, although significant prevention of weight gain was observed in liraglutide-treated mice using this dietary protocol. Taken together, these results suggest a potential role for liraglutide in the prevention and stabilisation of atherosclerotic vascular disease together with possible protection against major cardiovascular events.
Programme de Soutien aux Familles et à la Parentalité « SFP 6–11 ans »: description et facteurs d’influence potentiels de son implantation en France
Authors: Roehrig Corinne
Published: May 2013

SFP 6–11, ou Strengthening Families Program est un « programme de renforcement des familles » d’origine nord-américaine, destiné aux familles avec des enfants de 6 à 11 ans. Inscrit dans le champ de la promotion de la santé mentale, il se présente sous forme d’interventions structurées qui aident les parents à faire face au développement émotionnel et comportemental de leurs enfants, par le biais du renforcement des habiletés parentales, de la valorisation des compétences psychosociales des enfants et de l’amélioration de la relation parent-enfant. SFP fait partie des « interventions fondées sur des données probantes ». Un essai de mise en place de SFP 6–11 en France permettra de préciser les conditions de son implantation, tenant compte des caractéristiques du programme, du partenariat local et de la logistique à développer. Il fera état des observations de tous les acteurs participant au programme.
Absence de conseils hygiéno-diététiques donnés aux hypertendus et caractéristiques des patients et de leur médecin généraliste
Authors: Rigal Laurent , Falcoff Hector , Rahy Zohra , Flores Patrick , Saurel-Cubizolles Marie-Josèphe , Ringa Virginie
Published: May 2013

Le médecin généraliste est essentiel dans la prise en charge des patients hypertendus, qui comprend la dispensation de conseils hygiéno-diététiques. Notre objectif était d’analyser les caractéristiques des patients et de leur généraliste associées au fait que le praticien n’ait pas donné ces conseils. Cinquante-neuf généralistes franciliens ont répondu à des questionnaires à l’aide de leurs dossiers, et leurs 1192 patients hypertendus traités, de 25 à 79 ans, ont été interrogés par téléphone. Les analyses, utilisant des modèles mixtes à intercept aléatoire, ont porté sur « ne pas avoir donné de conseils » concernant le sel, la perte de poids, la diminution de la consommation d’alcool et l’exercice physique. Les médecins dispensaient moins de conseils aux hypertendus ayant un faible risque cardiovasculaire et un suivi récent avec peu de consultations dans l’année. Au contraire, une organisation de la pratique avec des consultations longues, au tarif de l’assurance maladie, et la participation à la formation médicale continue étaient associées à plus de conseil, ainsi que le fait que le médecin soit lui-même hypertendu. En ciblant de manière privilégiée les patients qui reçoivent moins de conseils, le développement de programmes d’éducation thérapeutique pourrait améliorer cette situation.
How I treat older patients with ALL
Authors: Gökbuget Nicola
Published: May 2013

The treatment of older patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an unmet medical need. In Western countries, the population is aging, which means there will be an increasing number of older patients. However, in the past few decades, there has been little improvement in treating them, and few clinical trials specifically designed for older patients with ALL have been reported. Older patients with ALL have a significantly lower complete response rate, higher early mortality, higher relapse rate, and poorer survival compared with younger patients. This is partly explained by a higher incidence of poor prognostic factors. Most importantly, intensive chemotherapy with or without stem cell transplantation, both of which are successful in younger patients, is less well tolerated in older patients. For the future, the most promising approaches are optimized supportive care, targeted therapies, moderately intensified consolidation, and reduced-intensity stem cell transplantation. One of the most important challenges for physicians is to differentiate between fit and unfit older patients in order to offer both groups optimal treatment regarding toxicity and mortality risks, quality of life, and long-term outcome. Prospective trials for older patients with ALL are urgently needed.
Effects and outcome of a policy of intermittent imatinib treatment in elderly patients with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Russo Domenico , Martinelli Giovanni , Malagola Michele , Skert Cristina , Soverini Simona , Iacobucci Ilaria , De Vivo Antonio , Testoni Nicoletta , Castagnetti Fausto , Gugliotta Gabriele , Turri Diamante , Bergamaschi Michela , Pregno Patrizia , Pungolino Ester , Stagno Fabio , Breccia Massimo , Martino Bruno , Intermesoli Tamara , Fava Carmen , Abruzzese Elisabetta , Tiribelli Mario , Bigazzi Catia , Cesana Bruno Mario , Rosti Gianantonio , Baccarani Michele
Published: May 2013

Key Points

INTERIM treatment affects cytogenetic and molecular response, but not the outcome. No patients treated with INTERIM progressed to accelerated or blast phase.
Generation of high photocurrent in three-dimensional silicon quantum dot superlattice fabricated by combining bio-template and neutral beam etching for quantum dot solar cells
Authors: Igarashi Makoto , Hu Weiguo , Rahman Mohammad Maksudur , Usami Noritaka , Samukawa Seiji
Published: May 2013

We fabricated a three-dimensional (3D) stacked Si nanodisk (Si-ND) array with a high aspect ratio and uniform size by using our advanced top-down technology consisting of bio-template and neutral beam etching processes. We found from conductive atomic microscope measurements that conductivity became higher as the arrangement was changed from a single Si-ND to two-dimensional (2D) and 3D arrays with the same matrix of SiC, i.e., the coupling of wave functions was changed. Moreover, our theoretical calculations suggested that the formation of minibands enhanced tunneling current, which well supported our experimental results. Further analysis indicated that four or more Si-NDs basically maximized the advantage of minibands in our structure. However, it appeared that differences in miniband widths between 2D and 3D Si-ND arrays did not affect the enhancement of the optical absorption coefficient. Hence, high photocurrent could be observed in our Si-ND array with high photoabsorption and carrier conductivity due to the formation of 3D minibands.
Moving Possible World Theory from Logic to Value
Authors: Bormann Daniel Candel
Published: May 2013

This article presents a tool of literary analysis developed by the author as an alternative to existing possible world theories (PWT). The aim is to create links between the latter’s neutral, descriptive accuracy and more value-laden approaches with an eye to both research and education. Establishing such links demands careful monitoring to prevent the tool from becoming arbitrary. This is done by (1) showing the steps that lead from common versions of PWT to this tool of analysis; (2) building control mechanisms into the tool, above all by keeping in touch with the original semantic modalities of PWT and reflecting on the use of the tool (“metacognition”); and (3) systematizing reader expectations, as the tool’s orientation toward value makes it cognitive. To show how the tool fares under such conditions and how it could play a role in education, it is then applied to the children’s books Where the Wild Things Are and The Gruffalo and the comic “The Baba Yaga” (from the Hellboy series): they all undergo a process of analysis and metacognitive reflection. Validating the tool as an analytic and an educational measure depends on its ability to guide the reader toward an interpretation of these texts and to handle interpretative lacunae through metacognitive inquiry.
An in vitro study of urea, water, ion and CO2/HCO3− transport in the gastrointestinal tract of the dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias): the influence of feeding
Authors: Liew Hon Jung , De Boeck Gudrun , Wood Chris M.
Published: May 2013

In vitro gut sac preparations made from the cardiac stomach (stomach 1), pyloric stomach (stomach 2), intestine (spiral valve) and colon were used to examine the impact of feeding on transport processes in the gastrointestinal tract of the dogfish shark. Preparations were made from animals that were euthanized after 1–2 weeks of fasting, or at 24–48 h after voluntary feeding on a 3% ration of teleost fish (hake). Sacs were incubated under initially symmetrical conditions with dogfish saline on both surfaces. In comparison to an earlier in vivo study, the results confirmed that feeding caused increases in H+ secretion in both stomach sections, but an increase in Cl− secretion only in stomach 2. Na+ absorption, rather than Na+ secretion, occurred in both stomach sections after feeding. All sections of the tract absorbed water and the intestine strongly absorbed Na+ and Cl−, regardless of feeding condition. The results also confirmed that feeding increased water absorption in the intestine (but not in the colon), and had little influence on the handling of Ca2+ and Mg2+, which exhibited negligible absorption across the tract. However, K+ was secreted in the intestine in both fasted and fed preparations. Increased intestinal water absorption occurred despite net osmolyte secretion into the mucosal saline. The largest changes occurred in urea and CO2/HCO3− fluxes. In fasted preparations, urea was absorbed at a low rate in all sections except the intestine, where it was secreted. Instead of an increase in intestinal urea secretion predicted from in vivo data, feeding caused a marked switch to net urea absorption. This intestinal urea transport occurred at a rate comparable to urea reabsorption rates reported at gills and kidney, and was apparently active, establishing a large serosal-to-mucosal concentration gradient. Feeding also greatly increased intestinal CO2/HCO3− secretion; if interpreted as HCO3− transport, the rates were in the upper range of those reported in marine teleosts. Phloretin (0.25 mmol l−1, applied mucosally) completely blocked the increases in intestinal urea absorption and CO2/HCO3− secretion caused by feeding, but had no effect on Na+, Cl− or water absorption.
The Shaw Brothers Meet Hammer: Coproduction, Coherence, and Cult Film Critera
Authors: Bettinson Gary
Published: May 2013

During the 1970s, Shaw Brothers and Hammer Films sought to blend kung fu spectacle with traditional genres. The fruits of this endeavor The Legend of the 7 Golden Vampires and Shatter, both 1974 were castigated by mainstream critics as idiosyncratic and incoherent. The films’
appropriation by cult audiences, however, is predicated on precisely their purported incoherence. This essay argues that incoherence constitutes a tacit and under-theorized criterion for cult movies, and insofar as it is conceived as a homogenous phenomenon, tends to offer an uninformative
barometer of a cult film’s value. In contrast, I propose several levels of coherence, the better to specify the cult film’s unities and disunities across a range of dimensions. Centrally, I explore the alleged incoherence forged by fusing kung fu with the norms of horror (Legend)
and crime thriller (Shatter). Arguing that both films obey canonized principles of storytelling, I go on to examine the effects that their apparent incoherence has upon the viewer’s experience. The paper also points toward the relevance of transnational coproduction for grasping both
the viewer’s activity and the critical neglect of coherence in the Shaws-Hammer movies.
Gender and Cinema: Speaking through Images of Women
Authors: Yue Ming–Bao
Published: May 2013

This article examines the relationship between gender and cinema, taking inspiration from Denise Riley’s provocative book Am I That Name? Feminism and the Category of “Women” in History (1988), in which Riley argues that the term ‘woman’ is a historical
category that is ‘discursively constructed’. This article argues that categories of gender, and by extension our understanding of sexuality, have shifted or broadened in meanings over the centuries, and thus questions the implications of Riley’s claim for cinema? It questions
how images of women, especially, speak to the spectator, whether the spectator is positioned as masculine/ feminine or male/ female, and whether femininity presented in a particular way through the cinematic lenses.
So cruel … yet so cool: Teenager readings of love and attraction on Sin tetas no hay paraíso
Authors: Araüna Núria , Tortajada Iolanda , Capdevila Arantxa
Published: May 2013

This research focuses on the way in which Spanish teenagers negotiate a highly rated global format TV series regarding representations of affective and sexual relationships. Results from two focus groups show that teenagers do not problematize the link between violence and desire implied
by the storyline. Girls express a consensual admiration towards female characters with post-feminist traits and also show their desire to experience the main female character’s love story, which reflects traditional femininity. In both cases, suffering and sacrifices for love’s
sake are justified; furthermore, men who are tough yet sweet are considered extremely attractive. Boys seem to be more reluctant to enter into and tolerate troubled relationships. They try to distance themselves from the narrative of the series, mocking the main male character. Teenagers say
they are not affected by media products, yet they strongly identify with the characters and the storylines
A need for translation? Conceptualizing professional communication in Spain
Authors: Smith Brian G.
Published: May 2013

Research on global public relations is heavily focused on interpreting practice through the lenses of dominant US ideology. This is particularly the case for analyses of professional communication and public relations in Europe. This research explores the development and current practice
of public relations in Spain, a country that has received little attention in global public relations research, but which has followed a unique path of public relations development. The context of Spanish public relations raises questions about the ability of researchers to broadly apply the
principles of Excellence to a country’s public relations, and this study uncovers unique cultural principles that fall outside the purview of public relations in Spain, including models that emphasize creativity and improvisation. Perhaps even more importantly, this research reveals
that Spanish communication professionals may be operating under a false standard of Excellent public relations, having translated normative US models into a mistaken conceptualization that communications exist as prescribed in the United States
Young female journalists in Austria’s journalists’ union: Part of the working poor?
Authors: Prandner Dimitri
Published: May 2013

In the last four decades, journalism has witnessed tremendous change. In Austria, this once highly organized profession has experienced rapid drops in union membership, with recent studies showing that only half of Austrian journalists are union members. The most notable changes have
been the growing number of freelance and female journalists and the arrival of new kinds of media providers in an increasingly competitive market. Nonetheless, the union, which still represents the normative core for the field, is predominantly made up of well-paid and hugely influential men.
This article uses empirical data collected by the University of Salzburg in 2010 and the field theory of French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu to explore inequalities between the sexes in the Austrian journalists’ union and discusses how women union members, in proximity to the normative
core of the journalistic field, are struggling with lower wages, lower status in companies and little job security
The wedding of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker-Bowles: Royal mediation and press mediatization
Authors: Simões-Ferreira Isabel
Published: May 2013

Bearing in mind the relationship between discourse and society at large, this article addresses the way the British monarchy represented Charles’s second marriage and the way the media constructed their accounts in the period from 10 February (announcement) until 9 April 2005
(wedding) in relation to wider issues such as power relations, newspaper economic structures and popular culture. Particular attention is paid to the multifunctional features of discourse (i.e. its ideational, interpersonal and textual functions), which requires a contextualized reading of
a dual process of mediation: on the one hand, the staging of the ceremony by St. James’s Palace and its strategy for attaining monologic closure and, on the other hand, discursive representations by the British press open to a polyphony of voices and discursive frames
Shielding risk
Authors: Altheide David L.
Published: May 2013

This article suggests that a theory of risk communication is incomplete without incorporating how risk is not only promoted, but also shielded: shielding risk refers to the strategic use of dominant cultural symbols, narratives and communication formats to deflect and often negate claims
about risks. Many risk narratives are normatively based on institutional information sources, and reified through communication formats. It appears that all cultures shield risks, and our failure to locate and understand these may reflect limited theoretical perspectives about the relationship
between a general theory of communication and social action, on the one hand, and risk communication, on the other. Clarifying how risk is shielded by institutional formats of social control can illuminate the role of mediated information and entertainment-oriented narratives in constructing
social reality. I discuss the shielding of risk communication by focusing mainly on examples from the United States: guns, expanding prison population and military influences on universities
Scotland vs The United States: Teaching art in universities
Authors: Ganter Jo
Published: May 2013

This is a short account of my own particular experience teaching a studio-based art course in America. It compares my experience there with my more common practice of teaching art in a Scottish university. Both institutions have their pluses and minuses when compared with one another,
and this essay is intended only to provoke further discussion rather than present any conclusions about national pedagogies.