bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting MYC-driven lymphoma: lessons learned and future directions
Authors: Martínez-Martín Sandra , Beaulieu Marie-Eve , Soucek Laura
Published: April 2023

MYC plays a central role in tumorigenesis by orchestrating cell proliferation, growth and survival, among other transformation mechanisms. In particular, MYC has often been associated with lymphomagenesis. In fact, MYC overexpressing lymphomas such as high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL) and double expressor diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), are considered addicted to MYC. In such a context, MYC targeting therapies are of special interest, as MYC withdrawal is expected to result in tumor regression. However, whether high MYC levels are always predictive of increased sensitivity to these approaches is not clear yet. Even though no MYC inhibitor has received regulatory approval to date, substantial efforts have been made to investigate avenues to render MYC a druggable target. Here, we summarize the different classes of molecules currently under development, which mostly target MYC indirectly in aggressive B-cell lymphomas, paying special attention to subtypes with MYC/BCL2 or BCL6 translocations or overexpression.
Study of the binding of ΔFN3.1 fragments of the Bifidobacterium longum GT15 with TNFα and prevalence of domain-containing proteins in groups of bacteria of the human gut microbiota
Authors: Alekseeva Maria G. , Dyakov Ilya N. , Bushkova Kristina K. , Mavletova Dilara A. , Yunes Roman A. , Chernyshova Irina N. , Masalitin Ilya A. , Koshenko Tatiana A. , Nezametdinova Venera Z. , Danilenko Valery N.
Published: April 2023

Aim: This study is mainly devoted to determining the ability of ∆FN3.1 protein fragments of Bifidobacterium (B.) longum subsp. longum GT15, namely two FN3 domains (2D FN3) and a C-terminal domain (CD FN3), to bind to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Methods: Fragments of the fn3 gene encoding the 2D FN3 and CD FN3 were cloned in Escherichia (E.) coli. In order to assess the binding specificity between 2D FN3 and CD FN3 to TNFα, we employed the previously developed sandwich ELISA system to detect any specific interactions between the purified protein and any of the studied cytokines. The trRosetta software was used to build 3D models of the ∆FN3.1, 2D FN3, and CD FN3 proteins. The detection of polymorphism in the amino acid sequences of the studied proteins and the analysis of human gut-derived bacterial proteins carrying FN3 domains were performed in silico. Results: We experimentally showed that neither 2D FN3 nor CD FN3 alone can bind to TNFα. Prediction of the 3D structures of ΔFN3.1, 2D FN3, and CD FN3 suggested that only ΔFN3.1 can form a pocket allowing binding with TNFα to occur. Polymorphism analysis of amino acid sequences of ΔFN3.1 proteins in B. longum strains uncovered substitutions that can alter the conformation of the spatial structure of the ΔFN3.1 protein. We also analyzed human gut-derived bacterial proteins harboring FN3 domains which allowed us to differentiate between those containing motifs of cytokine receptors (MCRs) in their FN3 domains and those lacking them. Conclusion: Only the complete ∆FN3.1 protein can selectively bind to TNFα. Analysis of 3D models of the 2D FN3, CD FN3, and ΔFN3.1 proteins showed that only the ΔFN3.1 protein is potentially capable of forming a pocket allowing TNFα binding to occur. Only FN3 domains containing MCRs exhibited sequence homology with FN3 domains of human proteins.
CORRELATION BETWEEN THE SEVERITY LEVEL OF MALOCCLUSION AND ORAL HYGIENE STATUS IN STUDENTS AT SMPN 1 MARABAHAN
Authors: Mayarani Dilla , Wibowo Diana , Azizah Aulia
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTBackground: Malocclusion can affect oral hygiene through several circumstances, one of which is the attachment of debris and calculus due to difficulties in tooth brushing. Debris will be inaccessible and attached to the interdental part of the teeth which causes the accumulation of plaque as well as calculus. Purpose: The purpose of this research was to analyze about correlation between the severity level of malocclusion with the OHI-S status in students at SMPN 1 Marabahan. Material and Methods: This research is an observational analytic study using cross sectional approach. The sample size in this research was 46 samples of SMPN 1 Marabahan student. Data collection was performed using IOTN-DHC and OHI-S. Data analysis consisted of univariate analysis which described the character from each variable and bivariate analysis which connected two variables with spearman test. Results: The severity level of malocclusion at SMPN 1 Marabahan based on the highest IOTN-DHC was in the great need for orthodontic treatment category comprising of 19 respondents (41.30%). The oral hygiene status based on the highest OHI-S was in the category of poor with a total of 24 respondents (52.17%). Conclusion: There is a correlation between the severity level of malocclusion and oral hygiene. Higher severity level of malocclusion will affect oral hygiene status.Keywords: Adolescent, IOTN-DHC, Malocclusion, OHI-S, Oral hygiene.
THE NEED FOR MALOCCLUSION TREATMENT AT 12-14 YEARS BASED ON IOTN-AC IN SOUTH DAHA DISTRICT
Authors: Nuralisa Sinay Sherly , Wibowo Diana , Azizah Aulia
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTBackground: Malocclusion is a deviation that occurs in the teeth or malrelation of the dental arch that is not within the normal range. The prevalence of malocclusion in Indonesia is very high at 80%. Malocclusion cases in South Kalimantan Province with the age group of 12-14 years were 15.6%. The malocclusion index that the researcher used in this study was the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) using the Aesthetic Component (AC). Purpose: To identify the level of need for malocclusion treatment at the age of 12-14 years based on IOTN-AC in South Daha District. Material and Methods: This study uses descriptive method with cross-sectional approach. The number of samples is 110 samples. Data analysis was carried out by using descriptive analysis. Result: The highest level of malocclusion treatment needs at the age of 12 years was score 3 by 31% and those who needed more treatment were male. The level of malocclusion treatment needs the most at the age of 13 years is score 2 by 36% and the male gender is the most in need of treatment. The level of malocclusion treatment needs the most at the age of 14 years is score 2 by 29% and the female gender is the most in need of treatment. Conclusion: The highest level of malocclusion treatment needs at the age of 12-14 years in South Daha District is score 2 (not requiring treatment) of 31% and those who need more treatment are male in South Daha District.Keywords: Adolescent, IOTN-AC, Malocclusion
TOXICITY TEST OF IRONWOOD BARK EXTRACT (Eusideroxylon zwageri) TOWARD WISTAR RATS KIDNEY (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Gondo Arum Bimo , Krishnawan Firdaus I Wayan Arya , Oktiani Beta Widya
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTBackground: The use of herbal medicinal plants by the community is increasing because the side effects are smaller than chemical-based drugs. One of the medicinal plants is ironwood because of its flavonoid and phenolic compounds which have the potential as antioxidants. Ironwood needs to be known for its toxicity, by performing an oral subchronic toxicity test on the kidneys of wistar rats with urea and creatinine parameters. Objective: Proving that the administration of ironwood bark extract at doses of 524.5 mg/mL, 1151.5 mg/mL, and 1775.5 mg/mL orally for 28 days had no toxic effect on the kidneys of wistar rats with parameters of urea and creatinine. Methods: Pure experimental research with posttest-only with control group design, consisting of 4 groups, each of which contained 4 wistar rats with 1 negative control group and 3 treatment groups given ironwood bark extract at a dose of 524.5 mg/mL, 1151, 5 mg/mL, and 1775.5 mg/mL. It was carried out for 28 days and on the 29th day the rats were taken blood and examined for urea and creatinine levels. Results: In the 3 treatment groups, urea values were 41, 42, and 32.35 mg/dL and creatinine was 0.725, 0.725, and 0.65 mg/dL and the results also showed that there was no significant difference in urea levels (p=0.076) and creatinine (p=0.076). 0.065) in each group. Conclusion: Ironwood bark extract dose 524.5 mg/mL, 1151.5 mg/mL, and 1775.5 mg/mL was not toxic to the kidneys of wistar rats with parameters of urea and creatinine. Keywords: Creatinine, Ironwood bark extract, Toxicity, Urea.
PATHWAY OF INFECTION IN CANINE FOSSA SPACE ABSCESS
Authors: Pramasari Cristiani Nadya
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTBackground: Most of fascial space infections of head and neck caused by odontogenic infections. The canine space becomes involved primarily as the result of infections from the maxillary canine tooth. The buccal space may become infected from extensions of infection from either the maxillary or mandibular teeth.Purpose: This case report discusses the management of canine fossa space abscess extending to buccal space.Case: A-45-years-old male patient came to the A.W. Sjahranie Hospital with complaints of swelling in his left face since two weeks ago. Physical examination showed swelling in the upper left jaw. CT scan’s view showed a radiolucent appearance of the canine fossa region. Panoramic radiograph pointed upper left canine (23) and first molar (26) as source of infection. Based on clinical and radiographic examinations, the patient was diagnosed with a canine fossa space abscess. Case Management: The treatment was given are intravenous antibiotics, multiple tooth extraction followed by intraoral drainage incision under general anesthesia.Conclusion: Extension of infection of the canine fossa space can lead to the buccal space and maxillary sinus at the same time due to multiple carious tooth. Keywords : Buccal space abscess, Canine fossa space abscess, Maxillary sinus, Odontogenic infection
Transformation of U.S. Missile Defense Policy in the Context of Countering Hypersonic Weapons
Authors: Chekov A.
Published: April 2023

This paper examines the impact of hypersonic threat on the evolution of the U.S. missile defense. The article analyzes the specifics of this threat, examines related doctrinal and practical changes, describes and characterizes planned defense architecture, forecasts the prospects for its implementation and impact on the strategic situation. The author comes to a conclusion that the U.S. – planned counter-hypersonic capabilities are aimed at countering the threat posed by intermediate-range and shorter-range boost-glide systems. Development of these capabilities is concentrated in three main domains: sensors, interceptors and advanced technologies. The most important and challenging goal of this development will be to ensure an effective integration and coordinated joint functioning of all the elements to be created within a unified command, control and communication system. The key driving force for the development of the U.S. counter-hypersonic capabilities is China. This conclusion follows not only from the fact that the PRC is currently the only state with boost-glide systems of less-than-intercontinental range in its arsenal, but also from the fact that future interceptors will be based on maritime platforms. By adapting its missile defense policy, the U.S. are clearly looking for opportunities to enhance its conventional deterrence capability against China in the context of increasing tensions in Asia-Pacific. The ongoing “hypersonic” evolution of the American missile defense will complicate arms control measures in this area. The integration of various elements of the emerging system implies building its architecture in such a way that limitations could have a major impact on its effectiveness. This could become a fundamental obstacle on the way to agreeing on measures to limit missile defenses in the future. Such situation may leave only some room for confidence-building measures capable of providing a certain level of transparency and predictability.
“Exit Strategy”: Genesis of the Concept Through the World Order Transformation
Authors: Tretyakov I.
Published: April 2023

The transformation of the world order affects the stability of the international security system and forces nation states to intensify their efforts to develop mechanisms for preventing challenges and threats both during the transformation itself and after its completion. At the same time, political-military conflicts remain an integral element of any world order. And, paradoxically, they are the main threat to the world order. The article endeavors to analyze the features of the system of strategic planning and management of military operations under the administrations of R. Reagan and G. Bush. The choice of the period is due to, among other things, a significant similarity between the main challenges and threats relevant to the U.S. – USSR relations in that time and the U.S. – Russia relations today, which makes it possible to apply the comparative historical method of research. The purpose of the study is to identify, within the selected period, such systemic characteristics and factors, the use of which would be possible in modeling modern political and military conflicts, and would also contribute to the resolution of some of them. The particular attention is paid to the doctrine of C. Weinberger, the U. S. Secretary of Defense. The analysis of use of the American armed forces in 1981–1992 confirms the effectiveness of the Weinberger Doctrine. Moreover, with the assistance of C. Powell, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Weinberger Doctrine became the basis of a conceptual approach to politicalmilitary conflicts as an “exit strategy”. Today, in the context of the immutable nature of a political-military conflict, the Weinberger Doctrine and “exit strategy” deserve special attention of the scientific community and can become a solid foundation for forecasting, planning and mechanisms for resolving modern crisis situations, armed conflicts and wars.
Refractory Systemic Nickel Allergy Syndrome Management: 5 Cases and Chart Review Survey from an Integrative Medical Practice
Authors: Chung M. Kyu , Bandomer Brigid , Cafaro Teresa , LaRiccia Patrick J
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Five patients with standard medical treatment-resistant symptoms of skin lesions, ear infections, allergic rhinitis, nasal congestion, asthma, heartburn, and failure to thrive were success- fully treated with an integrative medicine assessment and integrative medicine treatment approach. The integrative medicine assessment method of autonomic response testing enabled the identifica- tion of nickel sensitivity as a common element in these patients. It guided the use of the integrative medicine therapies of low dose immunotherapy, gamma linoleic acid supplementation, chelation, dietary nickel restriction, and removal of nickel containing dental and cosmetic appliances. A chart review of 151 patients indicated a strong association of nickel and the simultaneous presence of skin lesions.
Prone Position Ventilation in Severe ARDS Due to COVID-19: Comparison Between Prolonged and Intermittent Strategies
Authors: Karlis George , Markantonaki Despina , Kakavas Sotirios , Bakali Dimitra , Katsagani Georgia , Katsarou Theodora , Kyritsis Christos , Karaouli Vasiliki , Athanasiou Paraskevi , Daganou Mary
Published: April 2023

Ventilation in prone position (PP) for 12 to 16 hours per day improves survival in ARDS. However, the optimal duration of the intervention is unknown. We performed a prospective observational study to compare the efficacy and safety of a prolonged PP protocol with conventional prone ventilation in COVID-19-associated ARDS. Prone position was undertaken if P/F <150 with FiO2>0.6 and PEEP>10cmH2O. Oxygenation parameters and respiratory mechanics were recorded before the first PP cycle, at the end of PP cycle and 4 hours after supination. We included 63 consecutive intubated patients with mean age 63.5 years. Of them, 37 (58.7%) underwent prolonged prone position (PPP group) and 26 (41.3%) standard prone position (SPP group). Median cycle duration for SPP group was 20 hrs and for PPP group 46 hrs (p<0.001). No significant differences in oxygenation, respiratory mechanics, number of PP cycles and rate of complications were observed between groups. The 28-day survival was 78.4% in the PPP group versus 65.4% in the SPP group (p=0.253). Extending the duration of PP was as safe and efficacious as conventional PP, but did not confer any survival benefit in a cohort of patients with severe ARDS due to COVID-19.
Chiral Indolizinium Salts Derived from 2-Pyridinecarbaldehyde. First Diastereoselective Syntheses of (–)-1-Epi-Lentiginosine
Authors: Rodriguez-Matsui Hisami , Aparicio David M. , Orea María L. , Juárez Jorge R. , Gómez-Calvario Victor , Gnecco Dino , Carrasco-Carballo Alan , Terán And Joel L.
Published: April 2023

The first diastereoselective synthesis of (–)-1-epi-lentiginosine stars from a common chiral trans-epoxyamide derived from 2-pyridincarbaldehyde is reported. This methodology involves a sequential oxirane ring opening and intramolecular 5-exo-tet cyclization of tosylate tras-epoxyalcohol to afford a diastereomeric mixture of indolizinium salts in a one-pot fashion, followed by regio- and diastereospecific pyridinium ring reduction.
Mutual-Inductance Computation between Coaxial Thin Conical Sheet Inductor and the Circular Loop
Authors: Babic Slobodan
Published: April 2023

The paper describes a new formula for calculating the mutual inductance between a thin conical sheet inductor and a filamentary circular loop, which are coaxial. The presented formula is derived semi-analytically using the complete elliptic integrals of the first, second, and the third kind, along with the integral term which will be solved numerically. The results are validated using double and single integration methods, as well as the semi-analytical formula. The mutual inductance between a thin wall solenoid and a filamentary circular loop can be obtained using the new formula for the conical coil and circular loop. Presented formulas can be useful in various applications, such as broadband RF and wireless power transfer systems that utilize conical inductors. Overall, the paper presents a valuable contribution to the field of inductor design and can be useful in various applications involving conical inductors.
Approximate solution of multidimensional Kolmogorov equation using Feynman-Chernoff iterations
Authors: Kalmetev Rustem Shainurovich
Published: April 2023

In this paper we propose a new algorithm for the numerical approximation of solutions to the multidimensional Kolmogorov equation, based on the averaging of Feynman-Chernoff iterations for random operator-valued functions. In the case when the values of operator-valued functions belong to the representation of some finite-dimensional Lie group, the proposed algorithm has a lower computational complexity compared to the standard Monte Carlo algorithm that uses the Feynman-Kac formula. In particular, we study the case of a group of affine transformations of a Euclidean space. For the considered algorithms we also present the results of numerical calculations.
Development of Supplementary Basic Physics Practicum Based on Problem-Solving Method Assisted with Augmented Reality (AR) Technology
Authors: Johan Henny , Putri Desy Hanisa , Risdianto Eko , Johan Septi , Sudirman Sudirman , Widiasih Widiasih
Published: April 2023

Physics practicum is an important activity in basic physics courses that involve contextual physics concepts, such as cases in coastal areas which can demand students’ problem-solving skills. Covid-19 has caused basic physics practicum activities to become difficult to carry out in a laboratory scale, thus alternative solution is necessary to perform practical activities in the Covid-19 situation, namely by utilizing Augmented Reality (AR) technology. AR can help visualize physics concepts and practicum activity procedures relevant to practicum activities. This study aimed to develop an AR-assisted practicum guidebook product oriented toward a problem-solving method by presenting several cases of natural potential in local coastal areas. This study used an R&D method with a 4D model. However, this study was limited to the development stage. Data were collected with validation sheets and student response questionnaire sheets. These data were then analyzed with descriptive qualitative data analysis technique. Based on the data analysis results, many students had difficulties in carrying out physics practicum activities during the Covid-19 pandemic. This occurred due to the unaccessible practicum video procedures in the guidebook during the offline condition. Furthermore, the practicum procedure guidebook was only in narrative text, unable to stimulate high-level thinking skills by presenting coastal area cases. Students must be introduced deeper to the potential of coastal areas and their relation to physics concepts.
Orthopaedic Surgery First-Year Resident Surgical Skills Month Curriculum
Authors: Siebler Justin , Bouckhuyt Jenni , Mormino Matthew
Published: April 2023

In 2012, a mandate came to formally teach surgical skills to orthopaedic surgery program year one residents. We describe our reasoning and the mechanics behind our 1-month surgical skills course that we developed for our first-year orthopaedic surgery residents. We include our rationale of design, our monthly and daily format, a discussion of cost, a description and samples of our feedback surveys and results, and thoughts moving forward. We think sharing our thought process and programs will help others refine or create their own orthopaedic first-year resident educational activities.
Value Challenge: A Bottoms-Up Approach to Minimizing Cost and Waste in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Chen Kallie J. , Rascoe Alexander , Su Charles A. , Benedick Alex , Furdock Ryan J. , Sinkler Margaret A. , Vallier Heather A.
Published: April 2023

Background:

Astronomical increases in medical expenses and waste produce widespread financial and environmental impacts. Minor changes to minimize costs within orthopaedics, the most used surgical subspecialty, could result in substantial savings. However, few orthopaedic surgeons are educated or experienced to implement cost containment strategies. This study aims to investigate cost containment opportunities and provide a framework for educating and incorporating residents into cost-saving initiatives.

Methods:

Orthopaedic surgical residents from an academic program with a Level I trauma center were queried during 2019 to 2022 regarding suggestions for cost containment opportunities. Based on feasibility and the estimated impact, 7 responses were selected to undergo cost-saving analyses.

Results:

The proposed initiatives fell into 2 categories: minimizing waste and optimizing patient care. Eliminating nonessential physical therapy/occupational therapy consults led to the greatest estimated savings ($8.6M charges/year), followed by conserving reusable drill bits ($2.2M/year) and reducing computed tomography scans on lower extremity injuries ($446K/year).

Conclusion:

Current medical training provides limited formal education on cost-effective care. Efforts to mitigate the growing financial and environmental costs of health care should include encouraging and incorporating resident feedback into cost reduction strategies. This tactic will likely have a positive impact on the behavior of such resident surgeons as they enter practice and have more awareness of costs and value.

Level of Evidence:

V (cost-minimization study)
Buku Ajar Teori Bahasa dan Automata
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, Sumarno Sumarno , Hindarto Hindarto
Published: April 2023

Mata kuliah teori bahasa dan Automata merupakan mata kuliah yang sangat mendasar untuk mahasiswa yang ingin menpelajari berbagai ilmu Komputer atau informatika, khususnya bagi sarjana yang menekuni dunia teknologi informasi khususnya bidang desain computer, kecerdasan buatan dan analisis algoritma.Buku ini mengupas sejumlah pondasi dalam ilmu komputer dan beberapa contoh aplikasinya, buku ini mengkombinasikan antara teori, aplikasi serta contoh contoh soal dan penyelesaiannya, buku ini menunjukkan pemahaman terhadap bahasa–bahasa komputer, bahasa formal dan logika serta matematika komputer yang kadang-kadang sulit dimengerti dan dapat diterjemahkan ke dalam program dan aplikasinya secara mudah, oleh karena itu buku ini sangat berguna bagi mahasiswa teknologi informasi, teknik informatika dan komputer. Agar pembaca dapat menyerap materi yang disajikan dalam buku ini, dianjurkan untuk menguasai matematika diskrit, terutama pada materi teori himpunan, terori graph dan teori pohon urai
Does Rising Resources Income, Consumer Prices, Government Outlay, and Globalisation Hinder Africa's Sustainable Development?
Authors: Aladejare Samson Adeniyi , Musa Mohammed Auwal
Published: April 2023

Africa's inability to achieve the SDGs may have far-reaching consequences on the rest of the world since some goals carry transboundary features such as climate change, resource management, and globalisation. Thus, this study examined the long-term effect of contemporary challenges such as growing resource income, rising consumer prices, inefficient public spending, and globalisation on Africa's quest for sustainable development. A robust measure of sustainable development that integrates resource productivity is adopted. The study period spanned from 1991 to 2021, and data sourced from 24 African countries. The empirical output for this study is derived using long-term methodologies, including feasible generalised least squares, Driscoll-Kraay, and panel dynamic ordinary least squares. The estimation of the long-term model was to capture the consequential effects of contemporary issues on sustainable development. Evidence from the model revealed that increases in resources income, consumer prices, public outlay, and globalisation are deterrents to sustainable development. However, rising income (the control variable) enhanced sustainable development. The individual cross-sectional regression outputs also demonstrated similar effects. Given these contemporary challenges, the study proposed relevant policy measures to aid the attainment of sustainable development.
Effects of Vitamins C and E in Tris Citric Acid Glucose Extender on Chilled Semen Quality of Kail Ram during Different Storage Times
Authors: Akhter Shereen , Zubair Muhammad , Mahmood Majid , Andrabi Syed Murtaza Hassan , Hameed Nasir , Ahmad Ejaz , Saleemi Muhammad Kashif
Published: April 2023

Mammalian sperm cells are highly vulnerable to lipid peroxidation by free radicals. Antioxidants such as vitamin E, and vitamin C neutralize the activity of free radicals and protect the sperm from reactive oxygen species. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of vitamin C, vitamin E, and their combination in Tris-based extender on the semen quality of Kail Ram. Semen samples from five mature Kail rams were collected in this study. The semen samples were diluted by Tris-glucose-egg yolk. Diluted semen samples were divided into four parts. The first part was added with 1 mg/ml vitamin C, the second part was added with 1 mg /ml vitamin E and the third part was added with both vitamin C, and E, in combination with a dose of 1 mg /ml. Fourth part was considered as control without any addition. The diluted semen samples were cooled gradually and preserved at 5˚C for three days. Sperms in chilled diluted semen samples were examined for motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity every 24 hours for three days (72 h). Present study results showed significant (P<0.05) effects of vitamins C, E, and their combination on some parameters such as motility, straightness of average special path, linearity of the curvilinear trajectory, and beat-cross frequency. However, there was no significant (P<0.05) effect of storage duration and antioxidants (vitamin C, E, and their combination) on viability, sperm plasma membrane integrity, and some CASA parameters. From present study it could be concluded that the supplementation of vitamins C, E, and their combination do not enhanced life span and quality of semen in Kail ram during liquid storage at 5˚C.
The limits of stress-tolerance for diapausing resting stages in freshwater ponds
Authors: Santos Joana L. , Ebert Dieter
Published: April 2023

In seasonal environments, many organisms evolve strategies such as diapause to survive stressful periods. Understanding the link between habitat stability and diapause strategy can help predict population’s survival in a changing world. Freshwater organisms may survive periods of drought or freezing only with the help of durable resting stages. The frequency and extent of drought or freezing vary strongly among habitats and are predicted to change as a consequence of climate change raising questions about an organism’s ability to cope with different forms of stress. Using Daphnia magna as a model system, we tested resting stages from different populations for their ability to cope with stress during diapause. The combination of elevated temperatures and wet conditions during diapause shows to prevent hatching altogether. In contrast, hatching is relatively good after a dry and warm diapause, but declines with rising temperatures, while time to hatching increases. Resting stages produced by populations from summer-dry habitats perform slightly, but consistently, better at higher temperatures and dryness, supporting the local adaptation hypothesis. Considering that temperatures and summer droughts are projected to increase in upcoming years, it is fundamental to know how resting stages resist stressful conditions so as to predict and protect the ecological functioning of freshwater ecosystems.
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase alpha-2 directly activates mTOR kinase
Authors: Jin Ersuo , Wang Shengjie , Chen Donglai , Zeng Yuanyuan , Zhang Hong-Tao
Published: April 2023

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase functions as a central regulator of cell growth and metabolism, and its complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2 phosphorylate distinct substrates1-3. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling is commonly implicated in human diseases, including cancer4,5. Despite three decades of active research in mTOR, much remains to be determined1. In fact, how mTOR kinase is directly activated and recognize distinct substrates are still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that prolyl 4-hydroxylase alpha-2 (P4HA2) can hydroxylate mTOR protein and thereby activating mTOR signal. By performing co-immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down assays combined with mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis in 293T cells, we found that P4HA2 binds directly to mTOR and hydroxylates one highly conserved proline 2341 (P2341) within a kinase domain of mTOR. Moreover, we discover that the hydroxylation of P2341 strengthens mTOR stability and allows mTOR to accurately recognize its substrates such as S6K and AKT. Our study reveals an undiscovered hydroxylation-regulatory mechanism by which P4HA2 directly activates mTOR kinase, providing insights for therapeutically targeting mTOR kinase-driven cancers.
Comprehensive evaluation of the implementation of close-type county medical alliance in Shandong Province using entropy weight TOPSIS method and non-integer rank sum ratio method
Authors: Zhang Qi , Lu Zhihong , Jing Shanshan , Guo Dong , Wang Lijun
Published: April 2023

Background
To improve the capacity of county medical and health services, China encourages all localities to pilot the close-type county medical alliance. In Shandong Province, medical alliances have been piloted in 47 counties, ranking first in the country. The objective of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the implementation of close-type county medical alliance in Shandong Province and provide a reference for the construction of a new county medical and health service system with clear goals, powers and responsibilities, and division of labor.
Methods
The implementation of the close-type county medical alliance was comprehensively evaluated in 47 national pilot counties in Shandong Province using entropy weight TOPSIS method and non-integer rank sum ratio method. Variance analysis was used for comparison of the comprehensive evaluation results.
Results
The weight coefficient of evaluation indicators was highest for information interconnection, at 18.06%, and lowest for orderly referral of patients, at 3.64%. There was no difference in results of the comprehensive evaluation of entropy weight TOPSIS method and non-integer rank sum ratio method. Comprehensively order the implementation status of each pilot county according to the relative paste progress, 13 counties Y5, Y11, Y14, Y16, Y20, Y25, Y26, Y27, Y28, Y32, Y33, Y40 and Y42 were ranked highest, whereas county Y37 was ranked lowest. Non-integer rank sum ratio method graded counties into three grades: excellent, good and average. Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test showed that the difference between the grades was statistically significant (H=37.099, p <0.001). Variance analysis based on comprehensive evaluation results showed that implementation status was not correlated with the county economic development level, the level of health resources input and the medical service ability of the lead hospital.
Conclusions
Our findings indicated that the implementation of the close-type county medical alliance is significantly different between pilot counties, with a marked differentiation within the same urban area. Therefore, effective measures are recommended to reduce this gap, including promoting informatization empowerment of the county medical community, strengthening government responsibility and improving policy effectiveness.
Impact of an Okinawa/Nordic based diet on endocrinological and periodontal conditions in individuals with type 2 diabetes. A case-control study
Authors: Persson G. Rutger , Widén Cecilia , Wohlfart Björn , Sjöberg Klas , Steen Stig , Coleman Michael , Holmer Helene
Published: April 2023

Objectives To assess if the results following intake of a diet using an Okinawan-based Nordic diet (OBND) over one month differs in endocrinological, periodontal clinical outcome, and serum cytokine levels compared to a standard hospital care diet in individuals with diabetes type 2 (T2D)(control group)Background Scientific evidence suggests that the use of diet for individuals with T2D may be beneficial.Methods Participating individuals with T2D were randomly assigned to a test (OBND)(n = 14), or control group (n = 16). Anthropometric data, blood glucose levels, HbA1c levels, lipids, serum inflammation markers (CRP, and a routine panel of 24 cytokines), blood pressure, gingival bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depths (PPD), and clinical attachment levels (CAL) were studied.Results Statistical analyses of baseline study data failed to demonstrate study group differences. The mean weight reduction was greater in the OBND group (4.1 kg) versus the control group (1.3 kg) (p < 0.01). The reduction in BMI was 1.4 kg/m2 in OBND (p < 0.001) and 0.5 kg/m2 in the control group, respectively (p < 0.01). Diastolic and systolic blood pressure reductions were greater in the OBND group than in the control group (p < 0.01). Periodontal study parameters (BOP % scores) and (PPD values) decreased (p < 0.001) overall with no between group differences. The OBND resulted in reduction of serum levels of IFNγ, Eotaxin IL-9, IP10,IL17a, MCP-1,m and PDFBB compared to the control diet.Conclusions A strict T2D- diet provides an association between reduction in serum HbA1c and BOP scores. Serum levels decreases in IFNγ, Eotaxin IL-9, IP-10, IL17a. MCP-1, and PDFBB were only found in the test group.
Diagnosis and treatment of "chronic Lyme": primum non nocere. A review
Authors: Prat Sebastien , Dalbin Jacques , Plotton Catherine , Gocko Xavier
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND: Approximately 10% of patients experience prolonged symptoms after Lyme disease. PTLDS (post treatment Lyme disease syndrome) is a controversial topic. It has been described as a source of overdiagnostic and off-label treatment. The objective of this work was to describe, in the context of the PTLDS, the diagnostic errors and adverse effects of drugs used outside the recommendations.
METHODS: systematic review of the literature according to PRISMA criteria, including randomized clinical trials (RCT), observational studies, and case reports addressing diagnostic errors and adverse events published between January 2010 and November 2020 in English or French.
RESULTS: 16 studies were included: 1 RCT, 7 observational studies and 8 case reports. In the 5 observational studies, overdiagnosis rates were very high, ranging from 80% to 100%. The new diagnoses were often psychiatric, rheumatological and neurological. Disorders with somatic symptoms were often cited. Diagnostic delays were identified for cancers and frontoparietal dementia. In the RCT and observational studies, prolonged anti-infective treatments were also responsible for adverse events, with emergency room visits and/or hospitalization. The most common adverse events were diarrhea, sometimes with Clostridium difficile colitis, electrolyte abnormalities, sepsis, bacterial and fungal infections, and anaphylactic reactions.
CONCLUSION: This review informs patients and physicians of the risks of prolonged anti-infective treatment that has not been proven to be beneficial. It does not seem ethical to offer such treatments to patients given the imperative of the "primum non nocere" principle of non-maleficence.
Early Healing Responses of Inflammatory Cells Following Maxillary Sinus Augmentation Using Platelet Rich Fibrin Bone Blocks
Authors: Yu Shimin , BD Yinping Tian , BD Yan Wei , BD Mengge Feng , BMed Sensen Li , BMed Guoyong Tong , BMed Zhouqing Yu , Miron Richard J. , Zhang Yufeng , Yang Zaibo B. , Wang Yulan L.
Published: April 2023

Objectives: The effects of horizontal platelet-rich fibrin (H-PRF) bone block on the healing and immune response during sinus augmentation have not been fully investigated histologically at early time points.
Materials and Methods: Eighteenth male New Zealand white rabbits underwent bilateral sinus augmentation and were divided into two groups: deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) alone and H-PRF + DBBM (H-PRF bone block) group. Maxilla samples were collected at 3, 7 and 14 days post sinus augmentation procedures and analyzed using histological staining for the number of inflammatory cells, new blood vessels and evidence for early osteoclast bone turnover/remodeling. Furthermore, the effects of H-PRF bone blocks on the migration of osteoblasts and THP-1 macrophages were evaluated using a Transwell assay in vitro.
Results:A higher number of immune cells were found in the H-PRF bone block group at 3 and 7 days post-surgery when compared to the DBBM alone group; most notably in the regions close to the mucosal lining and bone plates. Furthermore, a significantly greater number of new blood vessel formation and early signs of osteoclast development were found in the H-PRF bone block group at 14 days. The in vitro transwell assay further confirmed that culture medium from H-PRF bone block was able to markedly promote the migration of osteoblasts and THP-1 macrophages at early time points.
Conclusions:The findings from this study have shown that H-PRF bone block is capable of increasing early immune cell infiltration leading to the acceleration of neovascularization and speeding the process of bone metabolism in vivo following maxillary sinus grafting with DBBM.
Bi-axial shaking table tests to evaluate the seismic performance of two-story rammed-earth walls retrofitted with steel plates
Authors: Ruiz Daniel M. , Barrera Natalia , Reyes Juan C. , Alvarado Yezid A. , Villalba-Morales Jesús D. , Gómez Iván D. , Vacca Hermes A. , Beltrán Daniela Carrasco
Published: April 2023

Worldwide, unreinforced earthen buildings have shown poor performance during earthquakes, causing deaths and loss of property. The Spaniards that conquest the Americas built with earthen materials for about four centuries and therefore, there are a large number of historic buildings in the northern Andean zone of South America. This territory is geographically located in intermediate and high seismic hazard zones. Over the last few years, the authors proposed a seismic reinforcement system for historic earthen buildings based on A36 steel plates (100 mm x 6.35 mm) installed on both sides of the walls. However, to date, the studies had been focused on tests of one-story buildings subjected to in-plane pseudo-static loads or uniaxial dynamic loads. For this reason, this research assesses the seismic performance of two-story rammed-earth (RE) walls subjected to ground motions using a bidirectional shaking table. Two 1:2 scale RE walls (one retrofitted with steel plates and another unreinforced) were tested. The specimens were two-story walls with a "C" shape, similar to that found in heritage buildings of the Historic Center of Bogota (HCB). Based on the experimental tests, the unretrofitted wall presented irreparable damage at acceleration levels higher than 0.34g. In contrast, the retrofitted wall had excellent performance with lower damage levels and residual drifts; this specimen was highly resilient, withstanding earthquakes with peak ground acceleration (PGA) greater than 0.76g.
Accounting for clustering in automated variable selection using hospital data: A comparison of different LASSO approaches
Authors: Bollmann Stella , Groll Andreas , Havranek Michael
Published: April 2023

Background: Automated feature selection methods such as the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) have recently gained importance in the prediction of quality-related outcomes as well as the risk-adjustment of quality indicators in healthcare. The methods that have been used so far, however, do not account for the fact that patient data are typically nested within hospitals.
Methods: Therefore, we aimed to demonstrate how to account for the multilevelstructure of hospital data with LASSO and compare the results of this procedure with a LASSO variant that ignores the multilevel structure of the data. We used three different data sets (from acute myocardial infarcation, COPD, and strokepatients) with two dependent variables (one numeric and one binary), on which different LASSO variants with and without consideration of the nested datastructure were applied. Using a 20-fold sub-sampling procedure, we tested the predictive performance of the different LASSO variants and examined differences in variable importance.
Results: For the metric dependent variable Duration Stay, we found that inserting hospitals led to better predictions, whereas for the binary variable Mortality, all methods performed equally well. However, in some instances, the variable importances differed greatly between the methods.
Conclusion: We showed that it is possible to take the multilevel structure of data into account in automated predictor selection and that this leads, at least partly, to better predictive performance. From the perspective of variable importance, including the multilevel structure is crucial to select predictors in an unbiased way under consideration of the structural differences between hospitals.
Dynamic Nonstationary Representations of a Railway Vehicle Considering Wheel Polygonalization under Variable Speed Conditions
Authors: Zhao Yue , Li Qiang , Yang Jianwei , Zhu Aihua , Wang Jinhai , Liu Changdong
Published: April 2023

Wheel Polygonalization is one of the most common failures of the wheelset, which can directly affect the safety and comfort of railway vehicle operation. In the actual condition, traction/braking torque continuously acts on the polygonal wheel fault can result in the modulation of its vibration representation, and then influence the effect of the feature exaction of the polygonal wheel faults. Considering this phenomenon, this study aims to clarify the forming mechanism of fault signals under variable speed conditions to improve the accuracy of feature extraction and ensure the safe operation of vehicles. This paper derived the Lagrangian equations with the dissipation function of a railway vehicle model with polygonal wheel fault under traction/braking conditions. After that, the modulation representation under constant speed, linear variable speeds, and nonlinear variable speeds are investigated, respectively. Finally, the vibration evolution of polygonal faults under different working conditions is visualized using statistical features. Compared with the constant speed, the curve in the time domain has more high-frequency fluctuations under variable conditions, and the phase modulation causes the half-wave asymmetry of the waveform. In the time-frequency domain, the continuous input of torque increases the harmonics frequency and side frequency response of fault response and excites the resonance frequency of the vehicle system. The dynamic evolution of fault statistical characteristics is positively correlated with speed and fault severity, and the fluctuation is sharper under braking conditions. The results can provide the theoretical support for feature extraction, interpretable features, and intelligent diagnosis of polygon faults.
Correlation between internal and external bony pelvis dimensions in nulliparous women
Authors: Hynčík Luděk , Jansová Magdalena , Němec Martin , Krofta Ladislav , Hympánová Lucie Hájková
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The study correlates internal and external bony pelvis dimensions of the birth canal to estimate the size and proportions of the birth canal.
Material and Methods: MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is used to identify the bony pelvis landmarks in 67 nulliparous women. The internal and external dimensions in the anterior-posterior and the transverse directions are calculated based on the landmarks and the correlation between them is set by means of the Pearson correlation coefficient ρ. The pelvic type estimation using the external bony pelvis dimensions is calculated.
Results: In the sagittal plane in the plane of inlet, the study shows a very strong correlation between APD (anterior-posterior diameter) and COE (conjugata obstetrica externa) (ρ = 0.8%) and between SCIPP (sacro-coccygeal inferior pubic point line) and DSB (distance between PSA and SJ), where PSA refers to the upper edge of the pubic symphysis and SJ refers to the sacro- coccygeal joint (ρ = 0.93%). In the transverse plane, there is a very strong correlation between TD (transverse diameter) and the average of DTI (distance between left and right tuber ischiadicum) and DBC (distantia bicristalis) (ρ = 0.8%). IPA (internal pubic angle) does not correlate strongly with any of the proposed dimensions. Finally, the correct estimation of the pelvic type is shown to be 63% using only the external dimension.
Conclusion: The study proves very strong correlations between the chosen internal and external pelvis dimensions in all major directions. However, the pelvic type estimation based on external dimensions is unclear.
A Comparative Study Between T Tube Drainage Vs Stent in Open Cbd Exploration
Authors: Mohammed Harsath , Fareed Rasik , C Ganga , R Janakiraman
Published: April 2023

Choledocholithiasis is presence of stones in common bile duct. Choledocholithiasis develops in about 10-15% of patients with gall stones. There are two methods for extracting CBD stones- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or surgically by CBD exploration. ERCP is preferred method in management of CBD stones .In patients where ERCP stone retrieval is contraindicated or failed ,surgical exploration is done .After open CBD exploration the CBD can be closed primarily without any stent after performing intra operative cholangiogram and confirming that there is no stones. If stones are identified or if intra operative cholangiogram is not available then CBD cannot be closed primarily where comes the role of stent or T Tube in the management. In our study, the outcomes of stent was compared with T tube drainage after open CBD exploration.The data gathered from the study population comprising of 40 patients was analysed with particular reference to the objectives of the study.As per study, we have taken 40 cases out of which T-tube were placed in 18 patients and Amsterdam stent were placed in 22 patients. Our results indicated that there is no difference in outcome.