bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public control over the collection, storage and disposal of solid household waste: problems and prospects for development
Authors: Potapenko Sergei Viktorovich , Goncharov Vitalii Viktorovich , Petrenko Elena Gennad'evna
Published: October 2024

This article is devoted to the analysis of modern problems and prospects for the development of public control over the collection, storage and disposal of solid household waste. The paper substantiates that activities related to the organization and implementation of the collection, storage and disposal of solid household waste can and should be subject to public control. The authors have identified and substantiated the problems hindering the organization and implementation of public control in relation to the above-mentioned type of activity, in particular: the absence of any real powers for the subjects of public environmental control to organize and conduct public environmental control in an independent mode; the undemocratic nature of the institute for verifying the knowledge of public environmental inspectors; weak organizational and technical, the material base of the activity of this type of subjects of public control.  A number of scientific research methods are used in the work, including: formal-logical; comparative-legal; historical-legal; statistical; sociological; method of analyzing specific legal situations. The article develops and substantiates a system of proposals for solving problems that hinder the organization and implementation of public control over the collection, storage and disposal of solid household waste, in particular, by: adopting the Federal Law "On Public Environmental Control", which should enshrine the principles, goals, objectives, basic forms and methods of organization and implementation measures of public environmental control, a system of real powers of subjects of public environmental control; the creation of the All-Russian Association of Public Environmental Inspections (membership in which can be made a prerequisite for their creation and operation), which will include an Independent knowledge testing center for public environmental inspectors, which will need to be entrusted with the organization and conduct of knowledge testing of the above-mentioned public inspectors; strengthening the material, technical, organizational and legal basis of the organization and activities of this type of subjects of public control.
Features of the organization of research activities in a general education institution on the example of the Lyceum "ISTEK"
Authors: Simankova Anna Alekseevna
Published: October 2024

The article provides a theoretical analysis of the features of research activities in a general education institution. The system of research activities of the Lyceum "ISTEK" is described. The subject of the study: the organization of research activities in the Lyceum "ISTEK". The goal is to improve the system of scientific research activities at the Lyceum ISTEK. The involvement of students in scientific activities is a necessary condition for the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard of primary general, basic general and secondary general education (dated 02/22/2024). This sets the formation of cognitive interest in educational activities and readiness for self-development and continuing education. The organization of research activities should be an integral part of the educational process at school. Research activities contribute to the formation of general cultural and scientific values among students, forms a system of subject skills and personal qualities that meet the requirements of the standard. The work uses theoretical research methods (forecasting, comparison, analysis of concepts and terms, literature analysis) and empirical (observation, testing, questionnaires). A survey of students in grades 7-11 was conducted in order to identify the predominance of cognitive motives for learning and, as a result, involvement in research activities. During the theoretical analysis of the literature, it was revealed that research activity is defined in modern research as a condition for the personal development of a student, an indicator of individuality, creativity, readiness for self-realization and growth, it contributes to the development of cognitive needs and interests of students; forms a worldview; develops creative research skills; activates knowledge acquisition; promotes the development of the personality of the subject exercises, etc. The conducted research proved the need to implement a systematic approach in the organization of research activities at the ISTEK Lyceum. The main advantages of a systematic approach to the organization of research activities at the ISTEK Lyceum: – The development of intellectual abilities of students. – Formation of interest in science. – Preparation for future professional activity. – Development of students' creative potential. – Success in the future. This approach is an important element of successful learning and contributes to the development of the student's personality.
The discriminatory situation of the Russian–speaking population of Latvia through the prism of the Council of Europe - past and present
Authors: Dolzhenkova Ekaterina
Published: October 2024

The subject of this study is the discriminatory measures against Russian-speaking population, considered through the prism of the institutions of the Council of Europe in historical retrospect. The object of the study is the socio–political actions of the Latvian government in relation to the Russian-speaking population, correlated with key stages in the development of Latvian society in the post-Soviet period and geopolitical events involving the Russian Federation. Special attention is paid to the socio-political situation of the Russian-speaking population after 2022. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the situation of non-citizens and Russian citizens permanently residing in Latvia, who faced increasing ethnonationalism in Latvian society, pushed by the national government and encouraged by law enforcement agencies. The study analyzes in detail the periods of tightening the policy of discrimination in Latvian society, indicating specific actions that are most aggressive today. The research is based on a historical method that allows us to consider the actions of the Latvian government during the period of Latvia's second independence, which is characterized by a policy of revanchism. Formal legal and institutional methods make it possible to analyze the reporting documents of the Council of Europe, taking into account the norms for the protection of human rights adopted in the European Community. The main conclusions of the study are the provisions that show the interrelationship of Latvia's domestic policy aimed at the Russian-speaking population, consolidating at the legislative and ideological level the attitude towards this group of the population, depending on the geopolitical conditions and foreign policy actions of the Russian Federation. This, in turn, creates favorable conditions for the Latvian political elites, who have created a modern socio-political discourse based on strengthening the position of the titular population and creating conditions for it in which the Latvian nation would feel superior. This practice is carried out within the framework of the general policy of the European Union, despite a number of institutions established to protect human rights. The ongoing geopolitical tensions allow the Latvian political elites to freely and methodically adhere to their own course of developing a policy of discrimination against the Russian-speaking population, which contradicts most norms for the protection of human rights and freedoms.
Tools of government strategic planning in the Russian Federation: definition of performance criteria
Authors: Brazhnikov Danil Yurevich
Published: October 2024

The object of the study is state strategic planning, and the subject is state strategic planning in the Russian Federation at the present stage. The author examines in detail such aspects as the dichotomy between the formalized results of the effectiveness of strategic projects and feedback from the public. The effectiveness assessment based on the analysis of the achievement of indicators, measures, and cash execution set out in program documents does not fully reflect compliance with the achievement of strategic goals, since the decomposition of goals into control points is carried out not by political management bodies, but, often, by the bureaucratic apparatus. Replacing the achievement of strategic goals with the implementation of formalized measures (using the example of the implementation of the national Ecology project in the Russian Federation) is one of the challenges of state strategic planning at the current stage of its development. Special attention is paid to the analysis of promising areas for the involvement of modern artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies in the processes of formation, approval, implementation and monitoring of state strategic projects in the Russian Federation and world practice. The methodological basis of the research consists of modern methods of cognition of socio-political phenomena and processes, including the institutional method (political institutions regulating the development and implementation of strategic projects), the comparative method (comparison of state strategic planning tools among themselves), the structural and functional method. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that monitoring the implementation of national projects in Russia shows a disparity between citizens' awareness of national projects and satisfaction with their implementation. The author has established that state strategic planning in various countries of the world, including the Russian Federation, plays an important role in ensuring the stability of the political system and solving purely political tasks. This may be evidenced by the connection between the definition of national priorities and electoral cycles, since, often, the declaration of updated national development goals occurs with the inauguration of a new head of state. Practical recommendations on the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies in the process of monitoring the achievement of strategic goals of the state can be considered a special contribution of the author. At the same time, the author believes that the final approval of decisions /conclusions/forecasts made with the help of artificial intelligence should be carried out by competent specialists.
Features of sentencing for the commission of a crime under Article 314 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Authors: Ligai Leonid Yur'evich
Published: October 2024

The subject of the study is a criminal law norm establishing criminal liability for evasion from serving a sentence and from the use of compulsory medical measures (Article 314 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), the practice of sentencing for committing a crime regulated by Part 1 of Article 314 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the work is to identify patterns of sentencing for evading the restriction of liberty imposed as an additional punishment, and on their basis to identify problems that arise when sentencing. The article analyzes judicial practice regarding the application of the provisions of Articles 69 and 70 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation when imposing punishment for committing a crime under Part 1 of Article 314 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The possibility of simultaneous execution of restriction of freedom, acting as an additional punishment and a suspended sentence, is being investigated. The research methodology is based on general scientific (logical, systematic, analysis, interpretation, generalization) and private scientific (specifically sociological, formal legal) methods. The scientific novelty of the study lies in an integrated approach to studying ambiguous judicial practice in cases involving evasion from serving a sentence in the form of restriction of liberty imposed as an additional punishment, based on which convicted persons undergo various consequences of criminal punishment for committing identical crimes. The necessity of attaching the unserved term of restriction of liberty (as an additional punishment) to the newly imposed punishment is justified. Recommendations are formulated to supplement the resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated 06/28/2022 No. 20 "On certain issues of judicial practice in criminal cases of crimes against justice" regarding the inexpediency of simultaneous execution of restriction of liberty imposed as an additional punishment and conditional punishment.
Rehabilitation of Nazism as a crime under the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation: objective signs
Authors: Bagandova Leila Zakirovna
Published: October 2024

The subject of this study is the objective signs of the prohibition of the rehabilitation of Nazism in Russian Federation criminal law. The author pays special attention to the definition of the object of the considered corpus delicti and notes that the direct object of the corpus delicti provided for in Part 1 of Article 354.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is public relations to ensure the international security of mankind in connection with the revival of the ideology of Nazism. The author claims that the second corpus delicti, enshrined in Part 3 of the article in question, has a different object, different from the generic object of the corpus delicti provided for in part 1 of the norm in question – this is not the peace and security of mankind, but the public morality of the population. In this regard, it seems more correct to place this composition in the form of a separate norm in the chapter "Crimes against public health and public morality".  The methodology of the research consists of such methods as historical-legal, formal-legal, universal dialectical and logical. The author argues that the new norm in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation has not facilitated law enforcement, since due to errors in legal technique and the construction of the norm as a whole, the lack of definitions for a clearer understanding of the actions that constitute the objective side of the present corpus delicti, makes it difficult to identify and bring to justice under this norm. The author emphasizes the importance of considering aspects of the qualification of this act in the context of the development of the information society, since due to the active processes of digitalization, the real crime is often committed in the Internet environment. Separately, the author examines the signs of the objective side of the considered corpus delicti, in particular, the criminal law prohibition on approving crimes established by the verdict of the International Military Tribunal for the Court and War Criminals of the European Axis countries.
On some aspects of the regulatory impact on the Russian financial market under the sanctions of unfriendly states
Authors: Gorokhova Svetlana Sergeevna
Published: October 2024

The author discusses issues related to the impact of sanctions on the Russian economy in general, and, in particular, on its financial segment. The author pays attention to the most problematic aspects of the financial sector of the Russian economy, analyzing the measures taken by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation, and other competent state authorities to stabilize the situation in the country and get out of the crisis situation. The main directions of Russia's financial policy are considered, the key problems hindering the effective functioning of the economic system in the prevailing geopolitical and macroeconomic conditions are identified. Proposals are made to improve the regulatory impact on the Russian financial market in the context of economic sanctions. On the basis of the dialectical method of cognition, formal logical, general scientific and private scientific ways of research are used. The unprecedented nature of the situation dictates the need to form fundamentally new approaches to the organization and regulation of economic activity, which would not only preserve the existing potential, but also maximize it. In the current situation, the importance of systemic regulatory impact on the financial market is of key importance for the stabilization of the Russian economy. A comprehensive approach to solving existing problems is needed, which, among other things, should include a well-thought-out legal policy in the field of regulating the activities of participants in the financial market infrastructure, improving mechanisms for attracting domestic investment. It is necessary to review the provisions and the investment legislation itself. Measures should also be taken to intensify the use of financial instruments to solve the problem of technological sovereignty.
Defining the boundaries of the meaning of ornamental compositions in the art of the Pazyryk culture
Authors: Grigoreva Alina
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the semiotic field of the term "ornamental composition" in the context of definitions of ornament and composition in the art of the Pazyryk culture and its historiography. The subject of the study is ornamental compositions from elite burials of the Pazyryk culture of different periods of its development – the early Second Bashadar kurgan and the Tuekta burial ground and the late Pazyryk burial ground. In addition, the paper examines the specifics of the use of the terms "composition" and "ornament" in order to highlight the history of their meanings, as well as analyzes certain provisions of theoretical works on the study of the theory of composition and ornament. The purpose of the study is to identify the components of the semantic field of an ornamental composition related to the field of interaction of the composition with the viewer, and not to the field of meaning of specific figurative images. The article proposes using the method of formal analysis in combination with some provisions of the Gestalt approach described in the works of E. Gombrich and R. Arnheim to analyze a series of ornamental compositions with and without figurative images in the art of the Pazyryk culture. The scientific novelty of the study is predetermined by the absence in the Russian historiography of works describing the specifics of the meaning of ornamental composition in the context of visual perception in the art of the Pazyryk culture. The researchers note that the significance of ornaments in Pazyryk art could be related to the meaning of multi-figure compositions (when zoomorphic images are included in the ornament) and reflect the worldview of the bearers of the Pazyryk culture, or the types of symmetry used in the construction of ornaments could reflect the social structure of society. However, in both of these trends, the analysis of an ornamental composition without figurative images remains outside the scope as a structural and semantic, integral work of art interacting with the viewer. As a result of the research, the assumption is put forward that it is possible to designate a single semantic field for ornamental and multi-figure compositions in Pazyryk art. Clarifying and expanding the scope of the ornamental composition allows us to identify a single specificity of interaction with the viewer of both figurative and non-figurative images of Pazyryk art, to emphasize the game element in the nature of culture.
Ecological motivation for cultural and philosophical understanding of color categorization
Authors: Nankevich Alyona Anvarovna
Published: October 2024

The article considers conceptual ideas of color categorization as a cultural practice. Color categorization is the process of dividing the color continuum into discrete color groups (color categories) and fixing them in the human mind through the cutural sign system. In modern color studies, this process is viewed from the ecocentric perspective. According to ecocentrism, humans and other living being are equal parts of nature, and they should coexist in harmony and peace. In this regard, it becomes important to search for ecological motivation not only in the human body, but also in human activity, especially in cultural practices. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze conceptual ideas of color categorization from the ecocentric perspective.  The systematization of the indicated conceptual ideas allowed us to identify three key directions based on ecological motivation: (1) nature-centered, (2) body-oriented and (3) socio-cultural. The mentioned directions are formed on the basis of such concepts as "environment", "corporeality" and "sociality", respectively. Acting as the main factors that determine the content and structure of color categories, environment, human body and culture form the main vector of color categorization. The environment comprises a set of objects with chromatic characteristics. They are the material for color categorization, and their configuration sets examples of color combinations. The physiological and biological features of the human body determine the process of color perception and its cognitive processing resulting into color categories. As the color categories become a part of human activity, their cultural semantics is created in the form of cultural meanings and connotations.
Internet in Russian Scientific Libraries: Fragments of History
Authors: Kalenov Nikolay Evgunievich
Published: October 2024

The main stages of the development of the Internet in libraries are considered, starting from the use of e-mail in individual libraries, and ending with corporate library systems. The material covers the period from 1993 to 2003. Russian scientific libraries began to deal with the issues of using network technologies in the practice of their work in the mid-1980s. The leader in this area was the Library of Natural Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as LNS). In March 1984, an on-line search of information was carried out from the LNS building in Moscow in ISI databases located in ISI branches in London and Cologne. A group of specialists from ISI, who specially flew to Moscow with the necessary equipment, and technical specialists from the recently created All-Union Research Institute of Applied Automated Systems (VNIIPAS) took part in the experiment. Communication with the databases was carried out via a dial-up telephone channel. The first phase of the LIBNET network, which unites several Moscow libraries, is described. The network was created in 1994 with the financial support of the Open Society Institute. It united the State Public Scientific and Technical Library, the State Public Historical Library, the State Central Scientific Medical Library, the Natural Sciences Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Scientific Library of Moscow State University. Each library included in the project received the necessary equipment, and its connection was provided by employees of the Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences. At this time attempts were made to coordinate the development of network technologies for libraries, consortia were created for access to foreign electronic resources, etc.
Video games, history, and historical accuracy: balancing entertainment with education
Authors: Ilmiev Roman Imranovich , Chuprova Tatiana
Published: October 2024

Video games are becoming an increasingly popular means of entertainment, as well as learning, especially those based on historical events and personalities. However, the issue of historical accuracy and interpretation in these games remains relevant, as errors and simplifications can distort the public's perception of history. This study aims to analyze the role of historical accuracy in video games and its impact on players' understanding of history. The purpose of this study is to determine the importance of historians in the development of video games, and to assess how games approach the task of presenting historical authenticity. It also examines the potential impact of video games on education and historical interest, emphasizing the significance of accurately presenting historical facts to avoid mythologization and misrepresentation. The research employs methods such as analyzing literary sources, conducting interviews with video game developers and historians, and conducting comparative analysis between video games and historical facts. The scientific novelty of this research lies in its analysis of how video games and their historical accuracy affect the formation of collective historical memory. Unlike previous studies that mainly focused on the descriptive aspect of video games, this research aims to explore how historians can contribute to their creation by ensuring the transmission of reliable historical data and accurate interpretations. An important aspect of this study is the critical analysis of historical anachronisms and inaccuracies in popular video games. The research identifies the causes of these errors and suggests ways to improve historical accuracy in video game content. Additionally, the article addresses the commercial and cultural challenges that developers face when incorporating historical content into video games and proposes strategies to strike a balance between entertainment and education.
The Department of Historical Information Science of the History Faculty of Moscow State University is 20 years old:New trends in interdisciplinary research
Authors: Borodkin Leonid
Published: October 2024

The article is dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the establishment of the Department of Historical Information Science of the History Faculty of Moscow State University. It provides a brief analysis of the areas of scientific work of the Department during the second decade of its existence; thus, new trends in the development of Historical Information Science are also traced – an interdisciplinary area of contemporary historical studies which dates back to the early 1990s. The origins of this area are associated with the activities of the group on the application of mathematical methods and computers in historical research, formed in the 1970s at the Department of Source Studies by its director, Academician I.D. Kovalchenko. On his initiative, in 1991 the group became the departmental laboratory of historical information science, which in 2001 received the status of a general faculty laboratory, and in 2004 was transformed into the Department of the same name. The article notes that in the 2010s the "Renaissance of quantification" took place, mainly due to the growing interest in big data technologies, artificial intelligence, machine learning, artificial neural networks, etc. In this regard, Data Science, which is considered a section of computer science related to the processing, analysis and presentation of data in digital formats, is acquiring an important role. The scientific work of the department is largely implemented in the course of research projects supported by Russian scientific funds. The article provides a brief description of these projects carried out at the department in 2014-2024. It is noted that their main goal is to increase knowledge in a particular areas of historical studies (mainly in the economic and social history of Russia), as well as in the tasks of studying and preserving (digital) historical and cultural heritage.
Relatos visuales de la memoria: el álbum fotográfico en las prácticas de viaje en Argentina a mediados del siglo xx
Authors: Kaczan Gisela Paola , González Agustina
Published: October 2024

Objective/context: This work seeks to generate interpretations around a particular form of registration: photographic albums of leisure and vacation travel in Argentina around the mid-twentieth century. We study travel albums as an object that, through representational practices, allows for reflecting on the subjectivities and sensibilities of personal and public memory. Methodology: We use a qualitative methodology, understanding that the photographic collection gathered in an album is a cultural practice that reveals the values of those who create, preserve, and manipulate it and also of those who interpret it and give it meaning. The starting point is a limited corpus of albums from private collections, some acquired in antique shops and others lent for study by families who kept them in their collections. Creative variations may appear in them, as photographs, maps, tickets, and words coexist, traces that generate an intertext of discourses. Originality: Although there are some works related to family albums in Argentina and some approaches to travel photographs in general, the presence of specific research on travel photographic albums is fragmented, which is the subject of this article. Conclusions: The final reflections consider that travel photo albums have a powerful social and cultural relevance because, in their interpretation, other stories of the known history can be contributed, in which emotions and individual and private motivations can be perceived, as well as the creation of national, collective, and public representations.
Characterization of direct Purkinje cell outputs to the brainstem
Authors: Chen Christopher H , Yao Zhiyi , Wu Shuting , Regehr Wade G
Published: October 2024

Purkinje cells (PCs) primarily project to cerebellar nuclei but also directly innervate the brainstem. Some PC-brainstem projections have been described previously, but most have not been thoroughly characterized. Here, we use a PC-specific cre line to anatomically and electrophysiologically characterize PC projections to the brainstem. PC synapses are surprisingly widespread, with the highest densities found in the vestibular and parabrachial nuclei. However, there are pronounced regional differences in synaptic densities within both the vestibular and parabrachial nuclei. Large optogenetically evoked PC-IPSCs are preferentially observed in subregions with the highest densities of putative PC boutons, suggesting that PCs selectively influence these areas and the behaviors they regulate. Unexpectedly, the pontine central gray and nearby subnuclei also contained a low density of putative PC boutons, and large PC-IPSCs are observed in a small fraction of cells. We combined electrophysiological recordings with immunohistochemistry to assess the molecular identities of two potential PC targets: PC synapses onto mesencephalic trigeminal neurons were not observed even though these cells are in close proximity to PC boutons; PC synapses onto locus coeruleus neurons are exceedingly rare or absent, even though previous studies concluded that PCs are a major input to these neurons. The availability of a highly selective cre line for PCs allowed us to study functional synapses, while avoiding complications that can accompany the use of viral approaches. We conclude that PCs directly innervate numerous brainstem nuclei, and in many nuclei they strongly inhibit a small fraction of cells. This suggests that PCs selectively target cell types with specific behavioral roles in the brainstem.
Characterization of direct Purkinje cell outputs to the brainstem
Authors: Chen Christopher H , Yao Zhiyi , Wu Shuting , Regehr Wade G
Published: October 2024

Purkinje cells (PCs) primarily project to cerebellar nuclei but also directly innervate the brainstem. Some PC-brainstem projections have been described previously, but most have not been thoroughly characterized. Here we use a PC-specific cre line to anatomically and electrophysiologically characterize PC projections to the brainstem. PC synapses are surprisingly widespread, with the highest densities found in the vestibular and parabrachial nuclei. However, there are pronounced regional differences in synaptic densities within both the vestibular and parabrachial nuclei. Large optogenetically-evoked PC-IPSCs are preferentially observed in subregions with the highest densities of PC synapses, suggesting that PCs selectively influence these areas and the behaviors they regulate. Unexpectedly, the pontine central gray and nearby subnuclei also contained a low density of PC synapses, and large PC-IPSCs are observed in a small fraction of cells. We combined electrophysiological recordings with immunohistochemistry to assess the molecular identities of these PC targets. PC synapses onto mesencephalic trigeminal neurons were not observed even though these cells are in close proximity to PC boutons. PC synapses onto locus coeruleus neurons are exceedingly rare or absent, even though previous studies concluded that PCs are a major input to these neurons. The availability of a highly selective cre line for PCs allowed us to study functional synapses, while avoiding complications that can accompany the use of viral approaches. We conclude that PCs directly innervate numerous brainstem nuclei, but only inhibit a small fraction of cells in many nuclei. This suggests that PCs target cell types with specific behavioral roles in brainstem regions.
La Biblioteca Suspendida: El laberinto como espacio de Serendipia
Authors:   , Taladriz Bignotti Beatriz
Published: October 2024

El encuentro fortuito es un método explorado y aplicado por los surrealistas en las diferentes artes. La frase de Lautréamont es el lema de la vanguardia y subraya la importancia del hallazgo y la asociación de elementos inesperados para encontrar la belleza. Objetos que inicialmente no tienen relación, al ser dispuestos en un cierto orden y lugar, se vinculan y combinan, mostrando el potencial creativo de los accidentes. Este proceso surrealista está estrechamente relacionado con lo que hoy se define como serendipia: un hallazgo valioso que se produce de manera accidental o casual.2 Los avances tecnológicos y la digitalización no solo han reducido el uso del libro físico, sino que también han limitado la capacidad de experimentar la serendipia al interior de las bibliotecas. Lo anterior ha llegado al planteamiento de que el libro físico será reemplazado por el digital, eliminando así la necesidad del espacio físico de la biblioteca como un depósito de libros. Sin embargo, la biblioteca permite una acción que la tecnología no: la exposición. Este término se refiere a poner un conjunto de objetos en relación directa y física con el usuario, generando múltiples interacciones. La exposición de una colección es relevante por las conexiones y encuentros que genera durante la búsqueda de un elemento, una experiencia que la tecnología digital no favorece dado su enfoque a optimizar la búsqueda específica. Estas conexiones y encuentros inesperados pueden ser potenciados desde la arquitectura mediante tipologías espaciales. Por ejemplo, el laberinto es una configuración espacial que favorece la serendipia ya que, al tener múltiples recorridos, las relaciones entre secciones pueden ser infinitas, incrementando los encuentros inesperados y posibilitando asociaciones interdisciplinares. Hoy en día se promueve el trabajo interdisciplinario y de saber transversal. El orden dentro de las bibliotecas esta categorizado bajo ciertas secciones o disciplinas que condicionan a los libros. Así, y la exposición y forma del edificio son maneras de que estas secciones puedan dialogar y fomenten el cruce entre ellas. Esta investigación desarrollada en el contexto del Taller de Investigación Avanzada y Proyecto de Título: Una Biblioteca Muy Grande, especula sobre cómo debe ser una Biblioteca Regional en Chile en el siglo XXI y se centra en diseñar, con la definición de serendipia, su materialización en la región de Valparaíso. Si bien Valparaíso ya cuenta con una biblioteca regional, la actual superficie de metros cuadrados de biblioteca no es suficiente respecto a la población de la V Región. Por lo anterior, como por su ubicación en un barrio universitario en donde se da gran importancia a la educación e investigación, es necesario diseñar una nueva biblioteca en Valparaíso que permita aumentar los espacios de investigación y forme parte de una red, junto a la actual Biblioteca Santiago Severín.
Subcentro metropolitano en una comuna periurbana: Consolidación de Plaza de La Pintana ante la llegada de la Línea 9 del Metro, Santiago, Chile.
Authors:   , ROBERT SERRANO TOMÁS ANDRES
Published: October 2024

La comuna de La Pintana cuenta con una deficiencia en cuanto a equipamientosy servicios, sobre todo en áreas comerciales y recreativas. Esto se puede explicar desde los conceptos de segregación y fragmentación urbana. El nacimientode la comuna surge bajo la Política Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano, implementada durante dictadura. Esta reorganizó la administración municipal, explícitamente concentrando población de grupos socioeconómicamente vulnerables ensectores periurbanos. Estos pobladores quedarían excluidos de los circuitos laborales y comerciales que se concentraban en el cono de alta renta capitalino, eleje Almeda-Providencia-Apoquindo.La llegada de la línea 9 busca revertir esa deuda de accesibilidad a bienes urbanos, mejorando sustancialmente la conectividad con el resto de la metrópolis.También se presenta como una oportunidad de desarrollo urbano, al hacer atractivas grandes reservas de suelo agrícola y municipal con las que cuenta lacomuna.La investigación propone estudiar las características periurbanas de la Pintana,especialmente en cuanto a problemáticas derivadas de la fragmentación, comodiscontinuidades del espacio público, problemas de movilidad o de acceso aservicios y equipamientos. A partir de ello, se analiza cómo la llegada del metropuede contribuir a subsanar esas deficiencias, observando los proyectos quebaraja el municipio y estudiando casos donde metro se ha logrado articular consubcentros de servicios en comunas periurbanas.
The Role of Lasers in Modern Endodontics: A Narrative Review
Authors: Altuwalah Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Laser technology has emerged as a promising tool in modern endodontics. Its ability to precisely target and interact with dental tissues offers several advantages. Studies have shown that lasers can reduce postoperative pain, eliminate bacteria and improve root canal cleaning. Additionally, lasers facilitate tissue healing and enhance the sealing process. The minimally invasive nature of laser treatment contributes to better patient comfort and overall treatment outcomes. The potential benefits of lasers in endodontic care are clear. However, current research lacks consistency in methodology, which makes direct comparisons challenging. It is essential to establish standardised protocols for laser parameters and study design to fully realise the advantages of laser technology. Further research is needed to explore the best ways to use lasers in various endodontic procedures, especially regarding tissue regeneration and long-term outcomes. Despite these limitations, lasers represent a significant advancement in endodontic care and have the potential to redefine treatment standards.
Effect of Seed Priming on Adaptive Morphological Traits of Anaerobic Germination Tolerant Upland Rice Genotypes
Authors: Htay Htay , Zar Thu , Khaing Aye Aye , Phyu Nwaye Ei Khing , Oo Htay Htay
Published: October 2024

The experiment was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Yezin Agricultural University (YAU), Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar from September to October 2023. The two experiments control (saturated) and anaerobic germination (flood 10 cm water depth immediately after seeding) were carried out separately and laid out factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design (RCB) with three replications for seed priming treatments: T1= non-priming, T2= hydro-priming, T3= on-farm priming and T4= osmo-priming as factor A and the newly selected AG tolerant upland rice genotypes (Pin To Yin, San Shwe Ni, Kha Lyein Khan-Lawe and Khao Mon Hom Kyae) and two check genotypes Khao Hlan On (tolerant) and Inpara-3 (susceptible) as factor B. The findings of the study indicated that different seed priming methods showed higher survival percent, days of leaf tip reached the flood water surface (DLTRS), shoot and root length, shoot and root dry weight, seedling vigour index (SVI)-I and seedling vigour index (SVI)-II than non-priming. All four newly selected tolerant genotypes showed higher performance in most of the traits than tolerant check in AG condition. The maximum survival percent was observed in Pin To Yin with hydro-priming treatment under control condition and Pin To Yin with osmo-priming treatment under AG condition whereas the minimum survival percent was observed in Inpara-3 with non-priming treatment under both conditions.
Cropping System Impact on Soil Chemical Properties of Northern Punjab, India
Authors: Verma Gayatri , Sharma Vivek
Published: October 2024

The study examined effect of cropping systems (rice-wheat, maize-wheat, sugarcane, mango, litchi, eucalyptus, poplar, and barren land) on selected soil chemical properties in the northern Punjab. Soil samples were collected from different cropping systems at 0-15, 15-30, 30-60, 60-90, and 90-120 cm depths and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (SOC), available potassium, available phosphorus, and DTPA extractable micronutrients (zinc, iron, manganese, and copper). The study showed that soil chemical properties were significantly influenced due to cropping systems. Higher values of pH, EC, available phosphorus, and potassium were observed in rice-wheat and maize-wheat systems, while higher SOC and DTPA extractable micronutrients were found in poplar and eucalyptus systems. All soil properties showed higher values at the surface layer (0-15 cm) and decreased with depth, except for pH, which increased with depth. The study highlights the importance of cropping system choice in maintaining soil health and fertility.
The Role of Parenteral Nutrition in Cancer in Indian Settings
Authors: Prabhash Kumar , Krishnamurthy Arvind , Puli Chandra Sekhar , Bhave Saurabh , Alurkar Shirish , Timmanpyati Shivshankar , Shetty Shisir , Chakrabarti Suvadip , Singh Tejinder , Menon Nandini , Noronha Vanita
Published: October 2024

Background: Almost 50% of patients with cancer suffer from malnutrition during their first hospital visit. However, it is often overlooked and undiagnosed and is associated with morbidity, mortality, poor tolerance to treatment, and treatment outcomes. Guidelines recommend supportive nutrition from the early stages of cancer treatment. However, in clinical practice, nutritional support is often prescribed only as an end-of-life intervention or is not prescribed at all; moreover, the use of parenteral nutrition (PN) is not well-defined. There are limited practical guidelines on the use of PN in patients with cancer.
Methods: A multidisciplinary group of specialists in India formulated this consensus to guide oncologists on the judicious use of PN in Indian settings. It includes general and cancer-specific recommendations on the use of PN, supplemental PN (SPN), composition of PN, and monitoring patients to prevent adverse events associated with PN.
Recommendations: The risk of malnutrition should be assessed at the very first presentation of a patient with cancer. These patients’ nutritional requirements are largely like those of the healthy population. Nutritional assessment of all cancer patients should begin at diagnosis and repeated regularly to initiate and monitor early nutritional intervention, before the general status is severely compromised. Oncologists and nutritionists need to be educated about using the appropriate nutrition support options according to the guidelines. While EN should be the preferred form of nutritional support, in specific circumstances PN might be a better option. Early PN in specific settings provides additional benefits, and is particularly important in some types of cancers. SPN as an additional nutritional support to EN can improve treatment tolerability and quality-of-life of patients with cancer. Education is also necessary for awareness about preventing and managing adverse effects of PN, which is the major reason for poor adoption of PN.
Spatially Variable Geothermal Heat Flux in West Antarctica: Evidence and Implications
Authors: Begeman Carolyn Branecky , Tulaczyk Slawek M. , Fisher Andrew T.
Published: September 2017

Geothermal heat flux (GHF) is an important part of the basal heat budget of continental ice sheets. The difficulty of measuring GHF below ice sheets has directly hindered progress in the understanding of ice sheet dynamics. We present a new GHF measurement from below the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, made in subglacial sediment near the grounding zone of the Whillans Ice Stream. The measured GHF is 88 ± 7 mW m−2, a relatively high value compared to other continental settings and to other GHF measurements along the eastern Ross Sea of 55 mW m−2 and 69 ± 21 mW m−2 but within the range of regional values indicated by geophysical estimates. The new GHF measurement was made ~100 km from the only other direct GHF measurement below the ice sheet, which was considerably higher at 285 ± 80 mW m−2, suggesting spatial variability that could be explained by shallow magmatic intrusions or the advection of heat by crustal fluids. Analytical calculations suggest that spatial variability in GHF exceeds spatial variability in the conductive heat flux through ice along the Siple Coast. Accurate GHF measurements and high‐resolution GHF models may be necessary to reliably predict ice sheet evolution, including responses to ongoing and future climate change.
Multipoint Observations of Energetic Particle Injections and Substorm Activity During a Conjunction Between Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) and Van Allen Probes
Authors: Turner D. L. , Fennell J. F. , Blake J. B. , Claudepierre S. G. , Clemmons J. H. , Jaynes A. N. , Leonard T. , Baker D. N. , Cohen I. J. , Gkioulidou M. , Ukhorskiy A. Y. , Mauk B. H. , Gabrielse C. , Angelopoulos V. , Strangeway R. J. , Kletzing C. A. , Le Contel O. , Spence H. E. , Torbert R. B. , Burch J. L. , Reeves G. D.
Published: September 2017

This study examines multipoint observations during a conjunction between Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) and Van Allen Probes on 7 April 2016 in which a series of energetic particle injections occurred. With complementary data from Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms, Geotail, and Los Alamos National Laboratory spacecraft in geosynchronous orbit (16 spacecraft in total), we develop new insights on the nature of energetic particle injections associated with substorm activity. Despite this case involving only weak substorm activity (maximum AE <300 nT) during quiet geomagnetic conditions in steady, below‐average solar wind, a complex series of at least six different electron injections was observed throughout the system. Intriguingly, only one corresponding ion injection was clearly observed. All ion and electron injections were observed at <600 keV only. MMS reveals detailed substructure within the largest electron injection. A relationship between injected electrons with energy <60 keV and enhanced whistler mode chorus wave activity is also established from Van Allen Probes and MMS. Drift mapping using a simplified magnetic field model provides estimates of the dispersionless injection boundary locations as a function of universal time, magnetic local time, and L shell. The analysis reveals that at least five electron injections, which were localized in magnetic local time, preceded a larger injection of both electrons and ions across nearly the entire nightside of the magnetosphere near geosynchronous orbit. The larger ion and electron injection did not penetrate to L < 6.6, but several of the smaller electron injections penetrated to L < 6.6. Due to the discrepancy between the number, penetration depth, and complexity of electron versus ion injections, this event presents challenges to the current conceptual models of energetic particle injections.