bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANTICOAGULATION CONTROL AMONG PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Rauf Amer , Hayat Azmat , Shah Noor , Abbas Kumail , Khalid Waqas , Gilani Sayed Tanveer Abbas
Published: January 2021

Objective: To assess adequacy of anticoagulation in Warfarin treated patients with atrial fibrillation

Study Design: Prospective observational study.

Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi, from Nov 2019 to Apr 2020.

Methodology: All individuals fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study after their consent. Based upon their serial International Normalized Ratio (INR) values, Time in Therapeutic Range (TTR) was calculated using Rosendaal method. A TTR>70% was a marker of adequate anticoagulation. Factors associated with TTR <70% were identified.

Results: Total 70 participants were included in the study. Mean age (± SD) was 51.43 (± 11.27) years. Thirty four (48.6%) were males and 36 (51.4%) were females. Twenty four (34.3%) had valvular atrial fibrillation while 46 (65.7%) had non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Overall, TTR>70% was observed in 29 (41.4%) of study participants. Poly-pharmacy and multiple co-morbidities were identified as statistically significant factors associated with subtherapeutic anticoagulation (TTR<70%).

Conclusion: Determined TTR of study population indicates poor anticoagulation control in majority of patients being anticoagulated with Warfar in highlighting the need for focused interventions such as dedicated anticoagulation clinics and patient education.
IMMEDIATE RESULTS OF PERCUTANEOUS TRANS-MITRAL COMMISSOROTOMY IN JUVENILE MITRAL STENOSIS
Authors: Beg Ahsan , Younas Muhammad , Mahmood Amjad , Shervani Mubashar , Fayaz Fakher -e-
Published: January 2021

Objectives: Immediate result of PTMC in juvenile (5-12 years) rheumatic mitral stenosis.

Study Design: Observational descriptive and retrospective study.

Place and Duration of Study: Institute of Cardiology, Multan from 2009 to Jun 2020.

Methodology: This is an observational descriptive and retrospective study carried out at Institute of Cardiology, Multan from 2009 to Jun 2020. Patients with clinical evidence of significant mitral stenosis were undergone transthoracic echocardiography. Mitral stenosis was defined as mitral valve area <1.0 cm2 . Mean mitral valve gradient was calculated by mitral valve inflow velocities. Patients with Wilkins score <8 were included. Patients with significant MR, left atrial or atrial appendage clot, infective endocarditis, significant aortic regurgitation or any other indication for bypass surgery were excluded. Patients with Wilkins score >8 were also excluded from the study. Variables recorded on a performa were age, weight, left atrial size, mean mitral valve gradient, preprocedure MR. Reduction of mitral valve mean pressure gradients to less than <50% of the initial value was defined as success (without significant or moderate MR). After the procedure, variables recorded on performa were mean left atrial pressures in mmHg (on angio), mean mitral valve gradients and degree of MR (mild, mild to moderate, moderate or severe MR) on transthoracic echocardiography. Paired t-test of significance (p<0.05) was evaluated using SPSS (version 20).

Results: Forty three juvenile patients were included the in the study (2009 to June 2019). Mean age was 10.8 ± 1.4 (range 7-12) years. Mean weight was 28.9 ± 5.2 (20-37) kg. Mean mitral valve gradient (on TTE) before the procedure was 20 ± 6 mmHg. Mean left atrial size and mean area of mitral valve were 42 ± 5 mm and 0.8 ± 0.2 cm2 respectively. Balloon sizes used were 26 mm (n=19) and 24 mm (n=24). After PTMC, mean mitral valve reduced to 7 ± 2 mmHg (p<0.005) and left atrial pressure to 18 ± 7 mmHg. Post procedure transthoracic echocardiography showed 4.7% (n=2/43) patients developed moderate to severe or severe MR. So the success rate was 95.3% (n=41/43).

Conclusion: PTMC is safe and effective procedure for juvenile patients with mitral stenosis. Long term follow-up is needed to find out period of re-intervention/surgery free duration from the time of PTMC.
DOES AUTO TRANSFUSION OF UNPROCESSED RESIDUAL BLOOD IN THE CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS CIRCUIT LEAD TO UNFAVORABLE OUTCOMES?
Authors: Siddiqeh Musfireh , Khan Imran , Zamir Ali Gohar , Janjua Asif Mehmood , Munir Beenish , Anjum Qudsia
Published: January 2021

Objective: Transfusion of residual blood left in the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit is recommended. Whether this blood should be processed or not before transfusion is not known.

Study Design: A prospective non-randomized case control study.

Place and Duration of Study: A tertiary care heart center, from Jan 2016 to Dec 2018.

Methodology: A prospective non-randomized case control study was designed. Consecutive patients operated at a tertiary care hospital were included in the study who underwent different open-heart procedures on cardiopulmonary bypass. Patients were divided into two groups. Those who received the unprocessed residual blood transfusion, residual volume retransfused at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass and those who did not, residual volume not retransfused (RVNR). Important perioperative data was collected from the hospital database andanalyzed using IBM SPSS-statistics 23.0 (IBM, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).

Results: Of the 120 patients, 56 patients were included in the RVR group and 64 in the RVNR group. Mean age in the RVR group was 49.41 ± 14.38 years and in the RVNR group 49.27 ± 16.36 years (p=0.96). Female patients were 9 (16.07%) in the RVR group and 20 (31.25%) in the RVNR group. Residual blood left in the circuit was 271.43 ± 52 ml in the RVR group and 264.06 ± 54.5 ml in the RVNR group (p=0.45). Hemoglobin measured in ICU was 10.5 ± 1.12 gm/dl in the RVR group and 9.97 ± 1.25 gm/dl in the RVNR group (0.02). Blood products were needed in 27 patients in RVR group and 21 patients in RVNR group (p=0.57). There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to total drainage in the first 24 hours (p=0.89). Similarly, the re-exploration rates were not different between the two groups (p=0.50).

Conclusion: Re-transfusion of residual blood left in the CPB circuit is a safe practiced. If this blood is transfused in an unprocessed form, it does not lead to adverse outcomes.
PREVALENCE OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IN UMERKOT
Authors: Saif Mohsin , Fatah Abdul , Akhtar Waqas , Javed Farah , Tahir Ali Mujtaba , Hussain Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Objective: To study the prevalence and the pattern of distribution of congenital heart disease.Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at outpatient department (OPD) of CMH Chhor and DHQ Umerkot, Sindh (Pakistan), from Dec 2019 to Mar 2020.Methodology: All the children (<12 years age) presenting to Paediatric OPD of the two hospitals were enrolled into study. Any patient with either a history or clinical examination pointing towards a suspected congenital heart disease was referred to Paediatric Cardiologist for 2-D echocardiogram. Details of the patient were recorded on designated proforma.

Results: A total of 273 patients were diagnosed with congenital heart disease. Out of these, 114 (41.7%) were female and 159 (58.2%) were male (male: female of 1.4:1). The age of the children was ranging from 2 months to 12 years, 153 (56.04%) had simple heart defects, while 120 (43.9%) had complex or multiple congenital heart anomalies. Amongst the 273 patients, 25.3% were cyanotic and 74.7% had acyanotic heart disease. Most common lesion identified was ventricular septal defect (29.6%), followed by Tetralogy of Fallot in 20.8%.

Conclusion: Acyanotic heart defects confirms to the major bulk of congenital heart defects with male preponderance.
COMPARISON OF INTRACORONARY VERAPAMIL VS ADENOSINE FOR RESTORATION OF CORONARY BLOOD FLOW POST PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION (PCI) IN PATIENTS WITH NO-REFLOW
Authors: Saif Mohsin , Rahman Obaid -Ur- , Amin Muhammad Umar , Khan Hamid Sharif , Maken Ghulam Rasool , Bhatti Qamar-Uz-Zaman , Aziz Zohair , Janjua Anam Fatima , Aziz Sohail
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine the efficacy of intracoronary verapamil vs adenosine in restoration of coronary blood flow, post PCI in patients with No-Reflow.

Study Design: Double blind (patient/operator blind) randomized control trial.

Place and Duration of Study: Cath lab of AFIC & NIHD Rawalpindi, from Feb 2019 to Aug 2019.

Methodology: A total of ninety (n=90) patients of either gender between age 25-80 years of age who underwent angioplasty for STEMI/NSTEMI demonstrating No-Reflow (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 0,1,2) post PCI were enrolled and were randomized into two groups. Group A received verapamil 500 µg in 10 ml heparinized saline, given slowly over 1 minute and group B received adenosine 60 µg in 10 ml of heparinized saline, given quickly. After the administration of both drugs repeat angiogram was carried out and thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow was assessed. Restoration of blood flow was defined as achievement of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 3 grade.

Results: Efficacy (restoration of thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction grade 3) was better with intracoronary administration of verapamil when compared with intracoronary administration 2 of adenosine (84.4% vs 80%). The difference was, however, not statistically significant (p=0.581).

Conclusion: Efficacy (restoration of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction grade 3) was not statistically significant between intracoronary administration of verapamil and adenosine in no-reflow cases after PCI in patients with STEMI/NSTEMI.
FREQUENCY OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR INFARCTION AND IN-HOSPITAL OUTCOME AFTER PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION (PPCI) IN ACUTE INFERIOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI)
Authors: Saif Mohsin , Safi Shoaib Iqbal , Samin Ariz , Rahman Fahd -ur- , Bukhari Jasia , Khan Sajid
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of Right Ventricle infarction and in-hospital outcome after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute inferior MI.

Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional Study.

Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Diseases, from Dec 2018 to Jun, 2019.

Methodology: Non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used. Permission was sought from hospital ethical committee and informed consent was taken from participants of the study. Patients presenting with acute inferior MI who underwent Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention were assessed for presence of Right Ventricle infarct. All the patients’ data and variables of the study was recorded in the data collection sheet. Patients underwent venous blood sampling for Complete blood count, Renal function tests, Liver function tests, Blood glucose random, Troponin-I, cardiac enzymes and Coagulation profile at presentation in emergency department.

Results: Total 261 patients were included according to the inclusion criteria of the study. Mean age (years) in the study was 58.0 ± 12.59 whereas there were 183 (70.1) male and 78 (29.9) female patients who were included in the study. Frequency of right ventricular infarction and in-hospital outcome (mortality) after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in patients with acute inferior MI was assessed in the study which was 73 (28.0) and 20 (7.7) respectively.

Conclusion: The study concluded that frequency of in-hospital mortality is substantial due to major adverse cardiac events in patients with right ventricle infarction.
IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC DEVICE INFECTION - A CLINICAL AUDIT
Authors: Asad Muhammad , Khan Qurban Hussain , Baloch Mir Waqas , Khan Kumail Abbas , Naseem Muhammad Amer , Hayat Azmat , Shah Noor
Published: January 2021

Objective: Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices are being implanted more commonly now compared to the past. Due to the rise in implantation rate complication have also considered to increase. One of the dreadful complications is devices infection. This study was conducted to assess retrospectively the rate of device infection and risk factors associated with it.

Study Design: Observational study.

Place and Duration of Study: AFIC/NIHD, Rawalpindi, from Jan 2018 to Jan 2019.

Methodology: A total of 356 patients who underwent cardiac devices implantation. Their records were studied and all the patients who developed device infections were further reviewed in detail. Demographic details, clinical, laboratory data and imaging records were evaluated. Patients were classified into different categories of infections based on predefined criteria according to the guidelines. Risk factors were also taken into account.

Results: Out of 356 devices 14 got infected and infection rate was 3.9%. Generator site infection was seen in 6 followed by generator erosion in 5 while 2 had pocket site infection with bacteremia and 1 developed pocket site infection with lead/valvular endocarditis. Dual chamber permanent pacemakers were infected the most. Denovo devices had high infection rate compared to replacement. Microbes were identified in 3 patients.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the increasing incidence of Cardiac Implantable electronic devices infection in current clinical settings was multifactorial. Care should be taken at every step starting from preoperative, intraoperative to postoperative stage for prevention of device infection.
CLINICAL OUTCOME OF PATIENTS ADMITTED WITH ACUTE ANTERIOR VERSUS ACUTE INFERIOR WALL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Khan Moazzam , Khan Imtiaz Ahmed , Samore Naseer Ahmad , Kamran Javeria , Janjua Anam Fatima , Mustafa Ahmed , Iqbal Rashid , Ahmed Usman , Ahmed Fiaz , Aziz Sohail
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine the clinical outcome of patients admitted with acute anterior versus acute inferior wall myocardial infarction.

Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in emergency departments and adult cardiology wards of Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Diseases, from Aug 2019 to Nov 2019.

Methodology: This study was conducted on 340 patients (208 patients with Anterior wall myocardial infarction and 132 patients with inferior wall MI who presented with Acute ST-Elevation MI) to emergency department of Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Disease during specified period. Outcome was calculated using Electrocardiogram, Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiogram, Troponin-I, baseline investigations and coro angiography Data was entered and analyzed with SPSS-23.

Results: Mean age was 59.38 ± 12.91 years in each group. In clinical symptoms chest pain was highest n=255 (71.4%) followed by diaphoresis 55 (15.4%) and breathlessness 51 (14.3%). The most common complications in patients with inferior wall MI were brady arrhythmia 8 (2.3%) whereas left ventricular failure 41 (12.1%) was more prevalent in patients with anterior wall MI after TVCAD. The results of cardiogenic shock 5 (1.5%),ventricular tachycardia 3 (0.8%) in inferior wall myocardial infarction were comparative to the results of cardiogenic shock 18 (5.3%) ventricular tachycardia 2 (0.5%) in anterior wall myocardial infarction. The number of stable patients was 91 (43.7%) in Anterior wall myocardial infarction and 51 (38.6%) in inferior wall MI.

Conclusion: The study shows the comparative clinical outcome of anterior wall myocardial infarction versus inferior wall myocardial infarction.
Testing an Adapted Model of Social Cognitive Career Theory: Findings and Implications for a Self-Selected, Diverse Middle-School Sample
Authors: Mueller Christian E , Hall Alfred L , Miro Danielle Z
Published: January 2021

We tested an adapted version of social-cognitive career theory (SCCT; Lent et al., 1994, 2000) with a self-selected, diverse sample of middle-school students attending a Saturday STEM Academy asking, “Is SCCT valid for examining career choice goal-intentions among a sample of students already expressing interest in math and science-related subjects and careers?” According to SCCT, choosing a STEM-related career involves the complex interplay of personal and contextual factors, many of which become increasingly salient during the middle-school years. There is reason to believe that SCCT may function differently for students who are self-selected, such as those found in the present sample. Main findings in the full regression model showed that math/science motivation (T1), family support for engineering (T1), outcome expectancies (T2), and interest (T2) were significant predictors of (T2) goal intentions; whereas self-efficacy was non-significant as has been shown in much previous research. Relatedly, we found several measurement issues with the SCCT variables among this sample, thus partially answering the larger research question. Implications of the present findings and suggestions for future research are discussed in the context of the career-choice literature, theoretical and practical implications of SCCT, and relatedly, possible measurement issues arising from using SCCT with self-selected, middle-school samples.
Situational Interest and Learning in a Science Center Mathematics Exhibition
Authors: Vainikainen Mari-Pauliina , Salmi Hannu , Thuneberg Helena
Published: January 2021

Educators have been increasingly interested in teaching mathematics in informal settings. However, there is little research on the actual learning outcomes of out-of-school mathematics instruction or the role of interest in explaining the outcomes. In this study, 793 12-year-old pupils were taken into a science center mathematics exhibition in Latvia and Sweden, measuring their prior knowledge of the contents of the exhibition, general cognitive competences and individual interest in school mathematics before the visit, and their situational interest and learning outcomes after the exhibition. In the exhibition, the pupils learned how to form concrete, hands-on geometrical models and physical structures based on abstract instructions. The results showed that both boys and girls learned during the exhibition, but contrary to the expectations, there were no gender differences in either learning outcomes or interest. Individual interest predicted situational interest, which was a positive predictor of learning outcomes. It was concluded that more attention should be paid to how situational interest and motivation, which are typical in out-of-school learning contexts, can be utilized in enhancing learning outcomes of children of all age groups.
A Summer Stem Outreach Program Run By Graduate Students: Successes, Challenges, And Recommendations For Implementation
Authors: Schwab Daniel Bryan , Cole Logan Wyatt , Desai Karna Mahadev , Hemann Jason , Hummels Katherine Ruth , Maltese Adam Vincent
Published: January 2021

Providing science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) experiences to middle and high school students outside of traditional classroom settings is critical in preparing learners to be literate in these fields. At the same time, providing graduate students in science and mathematics with independent pedagogical opportunities that prepare them to effectively teach and communicate STEM subjects to the general public are exceedingly rare. Here, we present the Foundations in Science and Mathematics program (FSM), a rapidly growing summer STEM educational program operated entirely by graduate students at Indiana University, Bloomington, that seeks to achieve both of these goals. First, we detail the organization and scope of FSM, the extent to which it grew since its founding in 2011, and the general aims and design of its courses. Second, we address the demographic composition of the program, and evaluate its pedagogical success through learning evaluations and student surveys that gauge student academic improvement and course satisfaction, respectively. Overall, we find that FSM significantly increased student learning and that courses were given favorable reviews by students. Finally, we discuss the logistical operation of FSM, with the goal of assisting motivated graduate students in developing similar programs at other academic institutions. In combination, we find that FSM was highly successful at achieving its goals of enhancing student learning and promoting effective pedagogy among graduate students, and we encourage other institutions to establish similar programs in their own academic communities.
An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Survey Study of Elementary Teachers’ Conceptions and Methods of STEM Integration
Authors: Arnone Kathryn Annie , Hanuscin Deborah
Published: January 2021

Because elementary teachers are typically responsible for teaching all subjects, there is a unique opportunity for integrative approaches to teaching iSTEM Education at the elementary level (Becker & Park, 2011). However, there is a need for professional development if teachers are to be successful in teaching iSTEM Education (NRC, 2011), as elementary teachers may lack strong content knowledge in STEM disciplines (Ginns & Watters, 1995; Trygstad, 2013; Honey et al., 2014; Fulp, 2002; Ma, 1999; Hanover, 2012). Elementary teachers are prepared as generalists--they take few courses in STEM content, and experiences with iSTEM Education in their teacher preparation programs are rare (Fulp, 2002). Beyond the need for professional development related to STEM content knowledge, however, we know very little about the unique needs of elementary teachers regarding instructional approaches to iSTEM Education. This study examines and describes the ways in which elementary teachers conceptualize iSTEM Education and the integrative approaches they use when teaching STEM content, with the intent to inform the development of elementary specific iSTEM Education professional development.
STEM Integration for High School Mathematics Teachers
Authors: Stohlmann Micah
Published: January 2021

The discipline of mathematics in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) integration has not yet been consistently connected in a clear way for a large amount of high school mathematics teacher to implement STEM integration well. In response to this I have proposed a focus on integrated steM education; the integration of STEM subjects with an explicit focus on mathematics. There are benefits to integrated steM education in a mathematics classroom including increased motivation, interest, and achievement for students. Integrated steM integration can also prepare students with the needed proficiencies and knowledge bases to be productive and impactful members of society. This article discusses three methods that high school mathematics teachers can utilize for integrated steM education. By focusing on open-ended problems through engineering design challenges, mathematical modeling, and mathematics integrated with technology high school students are more likely to see mathematics as meaningful and valuable. Examples of each method are discussed along with common instructional elements among the methods.
Gender Legal Relations in the Security Sector of Ukraine (Information Aspect)
Authors: Horchaniuk Olena
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the issue of gender equality assurance in the security sector of Ukraine, in particular, in the Security Service of Ukraine. The tendency to increasing the number of women on active duty as well as gender disbalance in military service have been described.
Key words: gender, gender legal relations, security sector, law, military servants, gender disbalances, military service, the Security Service of Ukraine, principle of gender equality, service activity, reforming the security sector, service women, gender stereotypes.
Manipulation of Gender Equality Issue as a Current Trend of Cognitive Warfare
Authors: Laputina Yuliia
Published: January 2021

In February 2019 in Ukraine, the fateful Law «On Amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine (regarding the strategic course of the state to acquire the full membership of Ukraine in the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization)» was adopted. This legislative act enshrines changes to the Constitution of Ukraine, which confirm the European identity of the Ukrainian people and the irreversibility of the European and Euro-Atlantic course of Ukraine. Ensuring equal rights and opportunities for men and women, the fight against discrimination is one of the main directions of state policy in Ukraine in the context of the course on European and Euro-Atlantic integration. This approach causes the mobilization of Russian «doctrinal thinkers» to develop a new wave of semantic war, which, according to their plan, should affect the value reference points of the Ukrainian society by manipulating the meanings of European values.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the current manifestations of the use of the gender issue in the manipulation of the public Ukrainian consciousness, to review the ways of creating state stability in the context of a hybrid war, during which cognitive weapons are used.
The author analyzes the latest research on the topic of gender equality manipulation; determines the roots, sources and content of the manipulations; describes the subjects, channels of influence through which the manipulations of the gender equality issue and the level of threat to European integration processes in Ukraine are used; determines the ways of forming the stability of the Ukrainian state and society under the conditions of a hybrid war in the context of the prospects to implement the course set in the Constitution of Ukraine for the European and Euro-Atlantic integration.
The effectiveness of countering gender-based manipulation is ensured by legal, informational, communicative measures, as well as the publication of the content of manipulative technologies used by the Russian Federation to discredit the development of gender equality policies in Ukraine. Among such technologies, the author highlights the use of social stereotypes as universal tools for the recognition and transmission of socially significant information; the introduction of anti-gender content; the counteraction to gender education.
The author comes to the conclusion that it is vitally important in Ukraine to introduce the effective mechanisms for informing various target audiences that gender equality is the equality of women and men in rights and freedoms; the equality of women and men in duties; the equality of women and men in responsibility; the equality of women and men in opportunities and chances of their realization.
Key words: gender equality, cognitive war, manipulation of gender meanings, gender education.
Instruments for Carrying out Manipulations around the Content and Directions of the National Gender Policy
Authors: Levchenko Kateryna
Published: January 2021

Gender policy, i.e. the policy for ensuring equal rights and opportunities for women and men, is recognized as one of the priorities of the Ukrainian Government activity, which is confirmed by practical steps taken by the Ukrainian state. At the same time, in Ukraine, the manipulations around gender policy, gender terminology, legislative initiatives on protecting women’s rights and counter violence, are becoming more active and spreading. They deform the content and directions of the state activities, as well as the perception of the importance of gender transformations by society, which threatens the country's movement towards European integration. The article analyzes the logical tools that are used by adherents of anti-gender movements using the examples of theses voiced by the participants of the round table «Scientific and medical approaches to the problem of gender equality» held on November 9, 2018 by the Committee on Health Protection of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. The article shows the fallacy of their conclusions and recommendations, by analysing the main inferences that can be used in activities to expose the manipulations of public consciousness and disseminate fake information as a type of organizational weapon of the hybrid war against Ukraine.
Key words: gender policy, gender equality, anti-generational movements, logical mistakes, manipulation around gender policy, tools for hybrid warfare.
Patogenicidad de Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar en larvas de Spodoptera frugiperda en maíz
Authors: Calle Y. H.
Published: January 2021

Objetivos: Determinar la mortalidad de larvas de distintos estadios de Spodoptera frugiperda y la eficacia del control, con el uso del nematodo entomopatógeno Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar. Metodología: Bajo -1 condiciones de laboratorio, se inocularon concentraciones de 10, 100 y 200 nematodos mL sobre los estadios larvales II, III, IV y V de S. frugiperda con aspersiones dirigidas. Se evaluó el porcentaje de mortalidad a los 24, 48, 72 y 96 horas después de la inoculación; así mismo, se determinó el porcentaje de eficacia de control. Resultados: Las larvas de S. frugiperda inoculadas con H. bacteriophora presentaron mortalidad en sus distintos estadios larvales; los estadios con mayor porcentaje de muerte fueron IV y V. Las concentraciones más efectivas -1 que causaron mayor porcentaje de mortalidad fueron 100 y 200 individuos mL . H. bacteriophora causó la mortalidad en gran porcentaje de larvas de S. frugiperda, logrando provocar la muerte de hasta el 75% de la población evaluada del V estadio. Conclusiones: Existe una relación directa entre la concentración del nematodoy el porcentaje de mortalidad en larvas de S. frugiperda; la concentración de 200 nematodos mL -1 logró el más alto control de S. frugiperda. Los estadios larvales IV y V son los más sensibles a la aplicación del nematodo.Palabras clave: Entomopatógeno, nematodo, Heterorhabditis, Spodoptera frugiperda, maíz
Algunos aspectos del desarrollo del estilo de las Tradiciones peruanas de Ricardo Palma
Authors: Compton Merlin D.
Published: January 2021

En este tratado procuro descubrir algunos de los cambios que se verificaron al madurar el gran escritor Ricardo Palma. Al principio Palma era romántico, pero más tarde volvió las espaldas al romanticismo y se burló de él. Se analiza unas cuantas tradiciones de su madurez para averiguar hasta qué punto estas características sufrieron cambios. El autor inicia el punto de partida para sus investigaciones el estimable tratado escrito por Luis Hernán Ramírez; también me ha sido de ayuda no insignificante la tesis doctoral de mi buen amigo William Wilder.
Un impreso desconocido de Espinosa Medrano
Authors: Nuñez C. Javier
Published: January 2021

Describe un impreso desconocido de Juan de Espinosa Medrano, conocido como Lunarejo, catedrático, predicador sagrado, escritor y dramaturgo del Virreinato del Perú.
Three-dimensional deformation field analysis of the 2016 Kumamoto Mw 7.1 earthquake
Authors: Zhang Qingyun , Zhang Jingfa , Li Yongsheng , Li Bingqun , Xie Quancai , Luo Sanming , Ma Qingzun
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The Kumamoto earthquake is analyzed mainly with InSAR data combined with strong earthquake and GPS data, using a variety of joint InSAR technology methods and multisource data solution methods and comprehensively considering the normalization and weighting of multisource data. The three-dimensional (3D) deformation field is determined. The results show that the joint solution of multisource data can improve the accuracy of the 3D solution deformation results to a certain extent. From the 3D solution results, the maximum east-west deformation caused by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake is approximately 2 m; the north-south direction mainly manifests expansion and stretching; the northwestern side subsides vertically, with a maximum subsidence of 2 m; and the southeastern side is uplifted. The horizontal deformation characteristics show that the earthquake is dominated by right-lateral strike-slip; the strike is NE-SW, the dip of the seismogenic fault is nearly vertical, and the Futagawa fault has a few normal fault properties. By analyzing the coseismic 3D deformation field, the seismogenic fault can be better understood, which provides a foundation for studying seismic mechanisms.
Brief communication: Grease Ice in the Antarctic Marginal Ice Zone
Authors: Paul Felix , Mielke Tommy , Nisters Carina , Schröder Jörg , Rampai Tokoloho , Skatulla Sebastian , Audh Riesna , Hepworth Ehlke , Vichi Marcello , Lupascu Doru C.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Frazil ice, consisting of loose disc-shaped ice crystals, is the very first ice that forms in the annual cycle in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) of the Antarctic. A sufficient number of frazil ice crystals forms the surface grease ice layer taking a fundamental role in the freezing processes in the MIZ. As soon as the ocean waves are sufficiently damped, a closed ice cover can form. In this brief communication we investigate the rheological properties of frazil ice, which has a crucial influence on the growth of sea ice in the MIZ. Grease ice shows shear thinning flow behavior.
Investigación cualitativa e investigación cuantitativa
Authors: Escudero Burrows Ethel
Published: January 2021

Se presentan algunas reflexiones, desde un punto de vista personal, respecto a las llamadas investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa en la actualidad, el grado de cientificidad de la segunda y su lugar en el campo científico hoy vigente en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales y la educación. Se toma posición sobre la validez y necesidad de paradigmas, diseños y técnicas de cada una, en las ciencias del hombre. Se hace referencia a ciertas concepciones de la noción de ciencia y sus alcances en diversos niveles de la realidad.
Bases constructivistas para la integración de TICs
Authors: Sánchez Ilabaca Jaime
Published: January 2021

Las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TICs) están siendo utilizadas para diversos propósitos educativos. Observamos de manera creciente que la mayoría de las organizaciones educacionales pone a disposición de profesores y aprendices un variado espectro de estas tecnologías. Un aspecto fundamental de su uso en el aula es el modelo pedagógico que acompaña dicha implementación. Diversas investigaciones señalan de manera categórica que el uso e integración curricular más profundo y significativo de las TICs se ajusta a un modelo pedagógico activo donde el aprendiz aprende con las TICs estableciendo una sociedad cognitiva aprendiz-tecnología. Las experiencias más exitosas con el uso de TICs son aquellas en que el aprendiz construye su conocer y aprender usando TICs de manera activa. Este trabajo analiza los conceptos, ideas y alcances del paradigma constructivista como plataforma para usar e integrar las TICs al currículo escolar. El análisis pretende destacar las fortalezas del uso de concepciones activas para la construcción significativa del aprender con TICs.
Cultura, desarrollo y educación en las comunidades atacameñas de la II región de Chile
Authors: Hernández Aracena Roberto , Thomas Winter Carlos
Published: January 2021

Este artículo se enfoca primeramente en el análisis e interpretación de los efectos provocados por la globalización sobre los sistemas culturales locales del mundo atacameño en la II Región de Chile. Se examina la capacidad de respuestas de sus sistemas culturales sobre la base de una larga tradición de adaptación de los atacameños ante los cambios ocurridos en su medio natural y social, y las intervenciones recientes de organismos estatales, empresas privadas, ONGs y fundaciones que pretenden imponer en forma asimétrica a estas comunidades indígenas, un desarrollo ajeno a la lógica de sus sistemas culturales. Se analizan, especialmente, sus potencialidades para generar sus propios proyectos de desarrollo a escala local, considerando sus singularidades culturales y sus identidades, bases para un desarrollo sustentable. En esta parte, se expone una visión antropológica sobre el rol fundamental que debe jugar en dicho proceso, una educación rural con pertinencia local, que rescate y ponga en valor la cultura atacameña pero que reconozca e internalice, a su vez, las nuevas realidades rurales. Finalmente, se plantea una propuesta en función de las alternativas de desarrollo creadas e impulsadas por las propias comunidades en el marco de un mundo global, a fin de lograr un futuro sustentado en sus culturas locales, donde la escuela se transforme en el centro que oriente y potencie estos procesos.
Hacia una construcción de una teoría comprensivo interpretativa del curriculum
Authors: Romeo Cardone Julia , Llaña Mena Mónica
Published: January 2021

El trabajo que se presenta se centra en la necesidad de proponer un currículo para afianzar valores democráticos en una sociedad postmoderna, caracterizada por incertezas, desconfianzas y tensiones , que ha cambiado su régimen político y, por tanto, requiere asumir el desafío de consolidar un haz de actitudes que correspondan a los valores estimados como esenciales, en una convivencia centrada en Libertad, Participación y Solidaridad.
Authors: Casado Antoniazzi María Inés
Published: January 2021

Teachers of foreign language aim at developing in their students the four skills, however, this is not often achieved and one may wonder, which is the cinderella of the four: listening, reading, speaking or writing? Furthermore, there is a long-standing belief that there is a direct correlation between language proficiency and writing skills. Moreover, it is also doubtful that prewriting can exert much influence in the acquisition of writing skills. Has anybody ever wondered about the importance of a writing prompt, about the parts and characteristics of a writing prompt? Has a second thought been given to the purposes of assigning writing prompts? Scott’s philosophy of the writing assignment and the criteria for preparing composition assignments as well as some examples of flawed and successful writing prompts can help foreign language teachers do a better job when teaching writing in a foreign language.
El desafío de la educación en una sociedad democrática
Authors: Llaña Mena Mónica
Published: January 2021

La escuela contemporánea enfrenta inéditos desafíos. Asume inesperadas tensiones y debe resolver conflictos que impiden la consecución de sus fines potenciadores del desarrollo humano. Por ello, se sostiene en el texto la urgencia de fortalecer en los procesos formadores, las ciencias de la educación que apoyen en las nuevas generaciones de profesores, la comprensión de la compleja realidad en que se insertan los sistemas educativos en la sociedad contemporánea.

Comprensión que los lleve a articular marcos teóricos multidisciplinarios con la acción educativa en aula. Es decir, lograr la recurrente e indispensable conexión teoría–práctica.

En ese marco se analizan las profundas transformaciones socioculturales que constituyen el gran desafío para la educación y que afectan a sus actores principales: profesores y alumnos. Estos actores, al otorgar significados opuestos a su experiencia educativa, alimentan tensiones y conflictos que impiden el logro de una imprescindible y real equidad.
Diagnosticar para implementar en educación matemática
Authors: Alemany Llanos Oscar
Published: January 2021

El trabajo que se presenta muestra una propuesta de asistencia en el área de educación matemática para alumnos de enseñanza media. Para su implementación se consideró, por una parte, la aplicación de técnicas de naturaleza cualitativa como medio para diagnosticar en profundidad la situación que ellos presentan en esta asignatura; por otra, los datos recogidos de talleres realizados con la población de alumnos que en el estudio se diagnosticó en situación de riesgo, centrando el trabajo en aula en la definición y construcción de conceptos y de aquellos subyacentes a ellos asociados a los temas tratados, y en el uso de metodologías que enfatizan la noción de significado y la negociación de significados de las materias tratadas.
¿Enseñamos historia? Reflexiones sobre la práctica pedagógica
Authors: Aravena Núñez Pablo
Published: January 2021

El presente texto pretende problematizar la enseñanza de la historia, proponiendo como hipótesis que la especificidad de la historia, en tanto disciplina (historiografía), es diluida en las estrategias ‘didácticas’ más extendidas entre los profesores. Este extravío es digno de investigar no por un mero celo disciplinario, sino debido a las consecuencias que puede tener en las valoraciones, decisiones y acciones futuras de los alumnos. Se plantea que la construcción de una representación del mundo histórico, como la que se delinea a partir de las actuales prácticas pedagógicas, no hace más que reforzar ciertas ideas arraigadas en el sentido común, impidiendo cualquier cambio conceptual y desestimando la historicidad de los propios estudiantes.
Historical Overview of the Teaching of Music Theory Subjects as Part of the School Curriculum in Hungary
Authors: S.Szabó Márta
Published: January 2021

The primary sources for a historical overview of secondary-level musical education in Hungary are publications on school histories, yearbooks, and the work of outstanding teachers. An overview of theoretical subjects is made far more difficult, however, by the fact that both the name and content of these subjects have undergone considerable change over time. It was only in the mid-20th century when secondary-level musical education became independent from an earlier institutional form, the music school (Zenede in Hungarian), which taught a far wider range of age groups, lasted for 10-11 years, and characterised earlier music education for decades. Music schools, which offered, among others, secondary-level musical training, had existed since the second half of the 19th century. This paper is part of a more comprehensive methodological work designed to bring to light the historical teaching of music theory in Hungarian musical training with regard to its roots, curricula, handbooks, and teaching practices up to the mid-20th century, when the system of secondary schools specialising in music education was established. Keywords: history of music teaching, professional musical training, teaching music theory
The Role of Orff Approach to Music Education
Authors: Szalai Tamás
Published: January 2021

The German-born music educator and composer, Carl Orff began to develop his own music education system in the 1920s and 1930s. This paper gives a concise review of the Orff concept from historical, educational theoretical, and methodological aspects based on available literature. Topics include the Orff instrumentation as the defining methodological element of the Orff concept, the internationalization of the Orff concept in America, as well as the training of current Orff educators. Keywords: Orff Schulwerk, music education, alternative music pedagogy
Renewable Early Music
Authors: Nagy Csaba Zoltán
Published: January 2021

In the past few decades there have been major changes to historically informed performance practice. Early music departments have appeared in conservatories worldwide, where one can study early music on period instruments according to extant performance sources. Despite historically informed performance practice being well-known and well-acknowledged, no course has been offered thus far by Hungarian conservatories, resulting in the phenomena of young professionals with bachelor and/or master degrees but with only scarce awareness of this practice. This essay provides readers with the basic notions of early music performance, emphasizing the particular mentality shaping its theoretical foundation. Keywords: early music, historical performance, early music department
A LINGUAGEM, O SENTIDO DA AÇÃO E O SENTIDO DA VIDA EM WITTGENSTEIN
Authors: Donat Mirian
Published: January 2021

Este artigo investiga as relações entre a linguagem e a ação na filosofia tardia de Wittgenstein, o que será feito em três momentos. Em primeiro lugar será apresentada a profunda conexão entre a linguagem e a ação no que diz respeito ao processo de constituição do significado da linguagem enquanto ação humana no mundo. No segundo momento, a partir da distinção entre movimento e ação, acompanha-se Wittgenstein no desenvolvimento da noção de que a ação humana se distingue dos outros eventos na medida em que ela recebe seu sentido de acordo com as razões que a justificam, envolvendo de forma incontornável o sujeito da ação na própria constituição do seu sentido. Por fim, veremos como tais relações entre linguagem e ação desembocam na consideração do sentido do mundo e da vida, um dos temas recorrentes nas observações de Wittgenstein.
LINGUAGEM, DISCURSO E DOMINAÇÃO EM LÉVINAS
Authors: Dias Luiz Fernando Pires
Published: January 2021

Este artigo examina a utilização do discurso como instrumento de poder, dominação e violência, através da perspectiva de Emanuel Lévinas, filósofo lituano, que buscou um novo sentido para o humano, fora dos domínios do ser, pensando a ética como Filosofia Primeira. O estudo está alicerçado nas análises que o filósofo da Alteridade desenvolveu em relação a dois fenômenos político-históricos: a gênese da ideologia hitlerista e a ambiguidade retórica ocorrida no processo de desestalinização da antiga União Soviética. Suas considerações constituem importantes subsídios à compreensão do cenário de intolerância, polarização de ideias e consequente ausência de diálogo que hoje vivenciamos. Refletimos, também, sobre a questão da linguagem em Lévinas, concepção desenvolvida através de uma crítica contundente à primazia da ontologia no pensamento ocidental, que privilegiou a síntese redutora e totalizante da realidade, suprimindo o espaço à alteridade. Lévinas procurou seus referenciais na ética, no encontro humano, na nudez do rosto que, como palavra vivente, investe o homem da responsabilidade pelo seu próximo.
A PESSOA EM PERSPECTIVA: QUESTÕES BIOÉTICAS POR ENGELHARDT JR. E SÈVE
Authors: Cassiano Jefferson Martins
Published: January 2021

Este artigo examina a conceituação do ser humano como pessoa na contemporaneidade. Para tanto, considera-se que na bioética a definição de pessoa se torna um tema fundamental no debate. Isso implica contextualizar a bioética em suas relações com as tecnociências e os direitos humanos. A fim de promover esta proposta, recupera-se a tese antropológica e moral de Kant, com o intuito de assinalar um leitmotiv para as teses de Engelhardt Jr. e Sève. Nesse ponto, destaca-se especialmente o estatuto do embrião humano como um desafio comum para os autores desenvolverem suas perspectivas sobre o ser humano como pessoa. Assim, pode-se evidenciar como as teses de Engelhardt Jr. e Sève contribuem para o direcionamento do conceito de pessoa.
A CATEGORIA DA “ALTERIDADE” EM “O SEGUNDO SEXO” DE SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR
Authors: Felden Patrícia
Published: January 2021

RESUMO

Em “O Segundo Sexo” Simone de Beauvoir desenvolve uma forte crítica contra a visão machista que encara “a mulher como “outro” em sentido negativo (com relação ao masculino), não reconhecida como alteridade positiva, com características próprias e independentes das imposições masculinas. O presente trabalho busca realizar uma reflexão inicial a respeito das considerações de Beauvoir no que diz respeito a categoria da “Alteridade” direcionada ao sujeito feminino, encarada como uma “alteridade em segundo plano” para a qual não se reconhece reciprocidade. Este trabalho foi apresentado na XV Semana acadêmica de Filosofia (Balbúrdia: os desafios das humanidades) na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-UFSM.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Alteridade, Beauvoir, O Segundo Sexo, Reciprocidade, Ética.
NATURALIZATION OF THE SOUL
Authors: Backendorf Jonas Muriel
Published: January 2021

Resenha Naturalization of the Soul:Self and Personal Identity in the Eighteenth Century, de John Barresi e Raymond Martin