bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic relatedness of native and exotic plants along climate gradients in California, USA
Authors: Qian Hong , Sandel Brody
Published: September 2017

Aim

One hypothesis of Darwin's naturalization conundrum, the pre‐adaptation hypothesis, proposed that exotics that are more closely related to species in native communities might be more successful invaders because close relatives share similar traits and might be favoured in similar environments. We test this prediction using regional angiosperm assemblages that have been heavily invaded by exotic species and relating patterns of phylogenetic relatedness to potential environmental drivers—temperature and precipitation.

Location

California, USA.

Methods

Using a massive, dated phylogeny of angiosperm plants, we assessed differences in phylogenetic structure between native, naturalized exotic and full floras of 35 bioregions in California. We quantified phylogenetic relatedness using the net relatedness index (NRI) and the nearest taxon index (NTI) at varying phylogenetic extent. We measured changes in phylogenetic structure using a metric (phylogenetic relatedness anomaly), which is calculated as the phylogenetic relatedness of the full flora of a bioregion minus that of the native flora of the bioregion. We assessed correlations between phylogenetic structure measures and temperature or precipitation.

Results

In general, introduction of exotic species decreased phylogenetic clustering when considering NRI but increased phylogenetic clustering when considering NTI. However, patterns of phylogenetic relatedness for some families were opposite to those for other families (e.g., NRI anomalies for Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae were opposite to those for Brassicaceae, Asteraceae and all angiosperms combined). Native communities were more phylogenetically clustered in dry regions, while exotic phylogenetic structure was less clearly related to climate.

Main conclusions

Exotic species tend to come from clades that are poorly represented but not completely absent from the native flora. Within families, NTI patterns tended to be fairly similar between native and exotic species, suggesting shared responses to the environment, particularly temperature and precipitation, in these two groups.
Waldenström′s macroglobulinemia: Two malignant clones in a monoclonal disease? Molecular background and clinical reflection
Authors: Growková Kateřina , Kryukova Elena , Kufová Zuzana , Filipová Jana , Ševčíková Tereza , Říhová Lucie , Kaščák Michal , Kryukov Fedor , Hájek Roman
Published: September 2017

Waldenström′s macroglobulinemia (WM) is a complex disease characterized by apparent morphological heterogeneity within the malignant clonal cells representing a continuum of small lymphocytes, plasmacytoid lymphocytes, and plasma cells. At the molecular level, the neoplastic B cell–derived clone has undergone somatic hypermutation, but not isotype switching, and retains the capability of plasmacytic differentiation. Although by classical definition, WM is formed by monoclonal expansion, long‐lived clonal B lymphocytes are of heterogeneous origin. Even more, according to current opinion, plasma cells also conform certain population with pathogenic and clinical significance. In this article, we review the recent advances in the WM clonal architecture, briefly describe B‐cell development during which the molecular changes lead to the malignant transformation and mainly focus on differences between two principal B‐lineage clones, including analysis of their genome and transcriptome profiles, as well as immunophenotype features. We assume that the correct identification of a number of specific immunophenotypic molecular and expression alterations leading to proper aberrant clone detection can help to guide patient monitoring throughout treatment and successfully implement therapy strategies directed against both B‐ and plasma cell tumor WM clones.
JEAN PAULS KONZEPT DER EMPFINDBILDER UND DER KOMET
Authors: Schmitz‐Emans Monika
Published: September 2017

This article examines the theoretical and literary works by Jean Paul in which he develops his conception of the ‘Empfindbild’ (emotive image), and it situates these works in the broad context of his reflections about body and mind, the conscious and the unconscious. ‘Empfindbilder’ are not after‐images determined by an archetype, and they differ from ‘Vorstellbilder’ (mental images), the latter being less lifelike and vivid. Dreams bear the closest relationship to ‘Empfindbilder’. These ideas are especially interesting to Jean Paul as a writer, because what ‘Empfindbilder’ can accomplish is exactly what poets want to achieve – yet ultimately cannot: ‘presenting’ events and persons in front of the inner eye. Various figures from the novel Der Komet – Raphael, Kain, Peter Worble, and the protagonist Nikolaus Marggraf himself – can be regarded as personifications of both the utopian and the problematic, indeed paradoxical aspects of the concept ‘Empfindbild’, as viewed from the perspective of the literary writer.
DANCING WITH MARIONETTES: KLEIST AND COGNITION
Authors: Cave Terence
Published: September 2017

Kleist's oblique and sometimes enigmatic dialogue on the marionette theatre (1810) may helpfully be approached, it is argued here, within a cognitive perspective. Together with the essay ‘Von der Überlegung’, published a few days earlier, this dialogue explores the distinction between automatic and reflective response. It presents the dancing puppet as an extension of the puppeteer's mind, that is to say of the cognitive activities that govern its movements. Drawing on contemporary mathematics and notions such as Hogarth's ‘line of beauty’, it even imagines the possibility of constructing an automatic puppet that could dance gracefully without the immediate intervention of the puppeteer. Its anecdotal examples (the graceful adolescent who becomes fatally self‐conscious, the fencing bear) probe the critical borderline between the unreflective and the reflective. Such arguments and anecdotes may be understood in relation to notions drawn from modern cognitive neuroscience and psychology, such as motor resonance, kinesis, intentionality, and the perception of ‘life’. Kleist's intervention in the prehistory of these questions, however, remains essential: his imaginative way of approaching them induces the reader to see the problem, to encounter it as already embodied, rather than as the result of a set of scientific or indeed philosophical propositions.
The Philosophical Personality
Authors: Peña‐Guzmán David M. , Spera Rebekah
Published: September 2017

The authors adopt a critico‐sociological methodology to investigate the current state of the philosophical profession. According to them, the question concerning the status of philosophy (“What is philosophy?”) cannot be answered from within the precinct of philosophical reason alone, since philosophy—understood primarily as a profession—is marked by a constitutive type of self‐ignorance that prevents it from reflecting upon its own sociological conditions of actuality. This ignorance, which is both cause and effect of the organization and investment of philosophical desire, causes philosophers to lose themselves in an ideological myth (“the philosopher as idea(l)”) according to which philosophers are unaffected by the material conditions in which they exist. This myth prevents philosophers from noticing the extent to which their activity is influenced by extra‐philosophical determinants that shape, empirically, who becomes a professional philosopher (“the philosopher as imago”) and who doesn't. This article explores the relationship between philosophy's “idea(l)” and its “imago” as a way of shedding light on some of the mechanisms that make philosophy inhospitable for so many women, people of color, and economic minorities.
Physical training improves visceral adipose tissue health by remodelling extracellular matrix in rats with estrogen absence: a gene expression analysis
Authors: Duarte Fernanda O. , Gomes‐Gatto Camila do Valle , Oishi Jorge C. , Lino Anderson Diogo de S. , Stotzer Uliana S. , Rodrigues Maria Fernanda C. , Gatti da Silva Guilherme H. , Selistre‐de‐Araújo Heloisa S.
Published: September 2017

Adipose tissue development is associated with modifications involving extracellular matrix remodelling, and metalloproteinases play a significant role in this process. Reduced circulating sexual hormones cause impacts on the size, morphology and functions of the adipose tissue, increasing susceptibility to diseases. This study investigated whether exercise training may be an alternative strategy to combat the effects promoted by estrogen decay through modulation in gene expression patterns in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of visceral adipose tissue of ovariectomized rats. Nulliparous rats (n = 40) were randomly distributed into four groups (n = 10/group): sham sedentary (Sh‐S), sham resistance training (Sh‐Rt), ovariectomized sedentary (Ovx‐S) and ovariectomized resistance training (Ovx‐Rt). The Sh‐S animals did not have any type of training. The body mass and food intake,ECMgene expression, gelatinaseMMP‐2 activity and adipocyte area were measured. A lack of estrogen promoted an increase in body mass, food intake and the visceral, parametrial and subcutaneous adipocyte areas. The ovariectomy upregulated the expression ofMMP‐2,MMP‐9,TGF‐β,CTGF,VEGF‐A andMMP‐2 activity. On the other hand, resistance training decreased the body mass, food intake and the adipocyte area of the three fat depots analysed; upregulatedTIMP‐1,VEGF‐A andMMP‐2 gene expression; downregulatedMMP‐9,TGF‐β andCTGFgene expression; and decreased theMMP‐2 activity. We speculate that resistance training on a vertical ladder could play an important role in maintaining and remodellingECMby modulation in theECMgene expression andMMP‐2 activity, avoiding its destabilization which is impaired by the lack of estrogen.
Governing agricultural migrant workers as an “emergency”: converging approaches in Northern and Southern Italian rural towns
Authors: Semprebon Michela , Marzorati Roberta , Garrapa Anna Mary
Published: September 2017

Rosarno and Sermide are two small towns in Southern and Northern Italy, which are both part of a manual‐labour circuit of agricultural work. The article presents an analysis of governance structures in these towns and, by bringing together the literature on migrants' agricultural labour and local policy‐making, explores how public actors address migrant seasonal agricultural workers' needs to investigate outcomes of inclusion and exclusion. The article builds on qualitative research, conducted between 2012 and 2015, to propose a North‐South intra‐country comparison of local policy‐making. The findings show the emergency nature of local administrations' approaches and the critical role of civil society. They highlight the extent to which responses diverge or converge in means and scale, while stressing their convergence in scope to limit migrants' visibility.
Home Sweet Home? Public Financing and Inequalities in the Use of Home Care Services in Europe
Authors: Carrieri Vincenzo , Di Novi Cinzia , Orso Cristina Elisa
Published: September 2017

Income‐related inequalities in health care access have been found in several European countries, but little is known about the extent of needs‐adjusted inequalities (inequities) in the provision of long‐term care (LTC) services. This paper fills this gap: it addresses equity issues related to the provision of home care services across three macro areas in Europe that are highly heterogeneous in terms of the degree of public financing of LTC and the strength and social value of family ties. Using cross‐country comparative microdata from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we estimate and decompose an Erreygers concentration index of the use of both paid domestic help (‘unskilled’ care) and personal nursing care (‘skilled’ care), measuring the contribution of income, need and non‐need factors to overall inequality. We base the decomposition on a bivariate probit model that takes into account the interaction between formal and informal home care use. We find higher inequities in the use of unskilled home care in areas where public financing of LTC is relatively low (‘Southern Europe’) than in areas where the public–private mix of financing is more balanced (‘Continental Europe’). At the same time, we do not detect inequity in ‘Northern Europe’, which is characterised by high public spending on universal, equitable services, including LTC public coverage. In all areas, we find informal care is a substitute for paid unskilled care among the poor, and this contributes to further skewing of the distribution of the use of formal care services towards the rich.
Estrogen receptor β selective agonist ameliorates liver cirrhosis in rats by inhibiting the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Zhang Bin , Zhang Cheng‐Gang , Ji Lin‐Hua , Zhao Gang , Wu Zhi‐Yong
Published: September 2017

Background and Aim

The aim of this study is to explore the roles of estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes and corresponding agonists/antagonists on the development of cirrhosis and activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).

Methods

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced cirrhotic ovariectomized rats were administered non‐selective ER agonist (β‐estradiol, E2), ER selective agonists (ERα agonist, propylpyrazoletriol; ERβ agonist, diarylpropionitrile [DPN]; and G‐protein‐coupled ER [GPER] agonist, G1), or E2 + ER selective antagonists (ERα antagonist, MPP; ERβ antagonist, PHTPP; and GPER antagonist, G15) for 12 weeks. The expression of the three ER subtypes in livers and HSCs and the effects of the drugs on hepatic fibrosis, isolated HSCs, and uteri were evaluated.

Results

Selective ER agonists/antagonists had various effects on CCl4‐induced cirrhosis. The cirrhotic rats in the CCl4 + E2, CCl4 + DPN, CCl4 + E2 + MPP, and CCl4 + E2 + G15 groups presented reduced fibrosis scores, compared with those in the CCl4 group. The cirrhotic rats in the E2 + PHTPP group presented increased fibrosis scores that similar to those in the CCl4 group. The ovariectomized rats had enlarged uteri with increased uterus indexes after E2 administration; however, the proliferative effects of E2 were partially blocked by MPP or G15, but not PHTPP. In the in vitro study, DPN attenuated the transformation of quiescent HSCs to activated phenotype, suppressed collagen I, and α‐smooth muscle actin expression. DPN also suppressed platelet‐derived growth factor‐induced proliferation in cultured HSCs, which was reversed by PHTPP.

Conclusions

The antifibrogenic effects of estrogen were mediated by ERβ but not ERα or GPER. The ERβ selective agonist exerted a fibrosuppressive effect by inhibiting the activation and proliferation of HSCs, but did not induce uterine hyperplasia.
Biochemical responses associated with resistance to bacterial stalk rot caused by Dickeya zeae in maize
Authors: Kumar Adesh , Hunjan Mandeep S. , Kaur Harleen , Dhillon Harminder K. , Singh Pushpinder P.
Published: September 2017

Bacterial stalk rot (BSR) of maize caused by Dickeya zeae is an important disease in northwest region of India. In the current study, eighty maize lines were evaluated for resistance against this disease. Of these, 20 were moderately resistant, 25 were moderately susceptible and the rest were highly susceptible to BSR. Six lines from each set were randomly selected. Activities of three antioxidant enzymes, viz. phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were analysed from these three sets of maize lines representing different levels of resistance. A trend of elevated activity of PAL, POX and PPO was observed in all the three sets of maize lines. The results showed significantly more activity of these three enzymes in moderately resistant than highly susceptible maize lines. The activity of PAL and PPO peaked after 48 hr and of POX after 72 hr of challenge inoculation by D. zeae in all the maize lines. The activity of these enzymes further correlated negatively with disease development. Our results show that PAL, POX and PPO play an important role in contributing towards resistance in maize against BSR.
Investigation of suitability of ventrogluteal site for intramuscular injections in children aged 36 months and under
Authors: Atay Selma , Yilmaz Kurt Fatma , Akkaya Gülnur , Karatağ Gülden , Ilhan Demir Şeyda , Çalidağ Ulviye
Published: September 2017

Purpose

This study was performed to determine suitability of ventrogluteal (VG) site for intramuscular (IM) injections in children aged 36 months and under.

Design and Methods

The present study was designed as a prospective descriptive study and performed between 2016 January and June. The study included a total of 120 children aged 36 months and under that met the study criteria. The subcutaneous tissue thickness and muscle thickness of anterolateral, deltoid, and VG sites were measured and assessed by ultrasound.

Result

A strong and powerful correlation was identified between the measurements of subcutaneous tissue and muscle thicknesses in the injection site by the age groups. The thickness of subcutaneous tissue was deltoid < anterolateral < VG by age groups. The muscle thickness of anterolateral and VG sites was significantly higher than that of deltoid site.

Practice Implications

This study established that skin thickness of VG site was suitable for IM injection in children aged 36 months and under.
Multiobjective Environmentally Sustainable Road Network Design Using Pareto Optimization
Authors: Wang Yi , Szeto W. Y.
Published: September 2017

In this article, a bi‐level transportation network design problem with environmental considerations is investigated. To explicitly reflect various requirements of environmental sustainability from planners, total emissions costs and total excessive noise cost are minimized along with total system travel time while performing optimal capacity expansion. To leave space for additional information on decision making for planners and provide a more generalized description of solution optimality, the Pareto optimization approach is adopted. The study proposes a multiobjective variant of a new metaheuristic named Chemical Reaction Optimization as the optimization tool to solve the formulated network design problem. Pareto front approximations have been successfully acquired for each scenario tested using the Sioux Falls network. The results show that the relations between pairwise objectives can change significantly (e.g., from conflicting to aligned) with regard to different demand situations. The newly proposed multiobjective metaheuristic succeeds to produce better approximations of the Pareto front than NSGA‐II with comparable runtime for the considered road network.
Exploring research cultures through internationalization at home for doctoral students in Hong Kong and Sweden
Authors: Leung Doris , Carlson Elisabeth , Kwong Enid E.Y. , Idvall Ewa , Kumlien Christine
Published: September 2017

Cultural skills are fundamental to developing global academic scholars. Internationalization at home can facilitate the acquisition of these skills without students having to go abroad. However, research on the effect of internationalization of higher education is scarce, despite apparent benefits to incorporating cultural sensitivity in research. Further, little is known about the role information and communication technology plays. In this pilot study, we describe the experience of doctoral students with an internationalization‐at‐home program, and its impact on developing an understanding about different research cultures. Eight doctoral nursing students from Sweden and Hong Kong participated in five webinars as “critical friends”. The study followed a descriptive, qualitative design. The results demonstrated that students observed cultural differences in others' research training programs. However, while cultural differences reinforced friendship among local peers, they challenged engagement with critical friends. Challenges led to the perception of one another not as critical friends but as “distant” friends. We discuss the possible reasons for these outcomes, and emphasize a need to nurture connectivity and common goals. This would prepare students to identify, translate, and recognize cultural differences to help develop knowledge of diverse research cultures.
Molluscum Contagiosum: Review and Update on Management
Authors: Forbat Emily , Al‐Niaimi Firas , Ali Faisal R.
Published: September 2017

Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is an infectious dermatosis that commonly presents in children and immunocompromised individuals. Although lesions usually resolve spontaneously after several months, they can be symptomatic and cause psychosocial distress. We review the evidence underlying treatment methods available for MC lesions, including potassium hydroxide, salicylic acid, hydrogen peroxide, retinoids, cantharidin, cryotherapy, curettage, and pulsed dye laser to aid practicing dermatologists in therapy selection.
Macrodystrophia Lipomatosa
Authors: Willenbrink Tyler , Thelin Lindsay , Connor Gregory , Diaz Lucia
Published: September 2017

Macrodystrophia lipomatosa is an exceedingly rare overgrowth of mesenchymal and fibroadipose tissue manifesting as a form of gigantism affecting one or more digits on the distal upper or lower extremities. We present a 25‐year‐old man who presented with overgrowth of the right hand associated with occasional pain, numbness, and limited function who was found to have macrodystrophia lipomatosa with fibrolipomatous hamartoma of the median nerve. Reports of this condition are limited in the dermatology literature, and early recognition can lead to better outcomes.
The Art of Indifference in Shalamov's Kolyma Tales
Authors: HUSTIS HARRIET , MOSTYKA MARIA
Published: September 2017

In his Kolyma Tales, Soviet writer Varlam Shalamov represents the narrative duality or “double telling” characteristic of the Gulag survivor's story. In particular, in “Sententious” (“Sententsiia”) and “On Tick” (“Na predstavku”), Shalamov uses the motif of indifference in order to explore the psychological patterns and literary ramifications of the historical phenomenon of the Soviet Gulag.
Attachment styles, pain intensity and emotional variables in women with fibromyalgia
Authors: Peñacoba Cecilia , Perez‐Calvo Soledad , Blanco Sheila , Sanroman Lucía
Published: September 2017

This study aims to explore the relations between attachment styles and pain intensity and certain emotional variables (anxiety, depression and alexithymia) in a sample of fibromyalgia patients, in comparison with healthy women. Data were collected from 146 women with fibromyalgia and 122 healthy women. The variables studied were attachment style, pain intensity, anxiety, depression and alexithymia dimensions. Patients with fibromyalgia showed lower percentages of secure attachment style (69.9% vs. 86%) whilst showing higher avoidant attachment (19.8% vs. 7.4%), as well as increased numbers of anxious–ambivalent attachment (10.3% vs. 6.6%) than healthy women (X2 = 9.915, p = .007). Also, fibromyalgia patients showed significantly higher scores in two of the insecure attachment factors (p < .000; p = .020) and lower scores on the secure attachment factor (p = .008) in comparison with healthy women. Higher scores of alexithymia were found in women showing anxious–ambivalent and avoidant attachment styles in comparison with those showing a secure attachment style, regardless of the group they belonged to. In fibromyalgia patients, higher anxiety (p = .005) was found among the women with anxious–ambivalent attachment styles (Mean = 15.15; SD = 1.15) in comparison with those with secure attachment style (Mean = 11.18; SD = .45). No relation was found between attachment style and pain intensity. Avoidant attachment seems to carry out a contradictory role and warrants further research. The results found seem to highlight the need for the Attachment–Diathesis Model of Chronic Pain to include attachment styles as a predictor of the emotional experience of pain in fibromyalgia patients.
Parental versus non‐parental–directed donation: an 11‐year experience of infectious disease testing at a pediatric tertiary care blood donor center
Authors: Jacquot Cyril , Seo Andrew , Miller Peter M. , Lezama Niara , Criss Valli R. , Colvin Camilla , Luban Naomi L.C. , Wong Edward C.C.
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND

Directed donation is associated with a higher prevalence of donations that are positive for infectious disease markers; however, little is known about the positive rates among parental‐directed, non‐parental–directed, and allogeneic donations.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

We reviewed blood‐collection records from January 1997 through December 2008, including infectious disease results, among parental, non‐parental, and community donations. Infectious disease rates were compared by Mann‐Whitney U test.

RESULTS

In total, 1532 parental, 4910 non‐parental, and 17,423 community donations were examined. Among parental donors, the median rate of positive infectious disease testing was 8.66% (interquartile range (IQR), 4.49%) for first‐time donors and 1.26% (IQR, 5.86%) for repeat donors; among non‐parental donors, the rate was 1.09% (IQR, 0.98%) for first‐time donors and 0% (IQR, 0.83%) for repeat donors; and, among community donors, the rate was 2.95% (IQR, 1.50%) for first‐time donors and 0.45% (IQR, 0.82%) for repeat donors. The mean rate of positive infectious disease testing for first‐time parental donors was significantly higher (7.63%), whereas all repeat donors had similar rates. However, the rate of positive infectious disease testing among first‐time non‐parental donors was significantly lower than that in the other groups, especially for the period from 2001 through 2008.

CONCLUSION

First‐time non‐parental and community donors had significantly higher infectious disease risk than the respective repeat donors. First‐time parental donors had the highest rates of positive infectious disease testing. We suggest that first‐time parental blood donation should be discouraged. Repeat community donors or first‐time non‐parental donors provide a safer alternative. These findings can foster better patient education, donor selection, and possibly a reduced risk of infectious disease.
Second‐look arthroscopic findings after CORA‐based leveling osteotomy
Authors: Vasquez Barbara , Hulse Don , Beale Brian , Kerwin Sharon , Andrews Chad , Saunders Brian W.
Published: September 2017

Objective

To describe the arthroscopic appearance of intra‐articular structures mid‐term (9 months) and long‐term (>12 months) after CORA‐based leveling osteotomy (CBLO).

Study design

Case series.

Animals

Dogs (n = 41) with second‐look arthroscopy of the stifle after CBLO for treatment of a cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) deficiency. Both stifles were re‐evaluated (stifles n = 42) in 1 dog.

Methods

Medical records of dogs that had second‐look arthroscopy after CBLO were reviewed. Arthroscopic images of the femoral condyles were independently reviewed. The surgical report documented the integrity of menisci and articular cartilage of the tibial plateaus.

Results

The population included 7 stifles with stable partial CCL tears, 35 stifles with complete CCL tears (n = 28), or incompetent partial CCL tears (n = 7). Median time to second look arthroscopy was 16 months (9‐24 months) for stable partial tears. The CCL remained intact in 6 stifles. The Outerbridge score of the articular cartilage of the femoral condyles was as 0 (6) or 1 (1). The articular cartilage of the tibial plateaus appeared normal in all stifles. Median time to second look arthroscopy of stifles with complete tears was 12 months (range, 9‐34 months). The caudal cruciate ligament was normal or mildly fibrillated. The appearance of the articular cartilage of the femoral condyles was scored as 0 or near normal (grade 1‐2) in all dogs. The articular cartilage of the tibial plateaus appeared normal, except in 1 dog with grade 4 lesion.

Conclusion

CBLO results in minimal to no change in articular cartilage in at a median time of 14 months after surgery. Postoperative clinical lameness is often attributed to late onset meniscal pathology.
“Cuerpos sin duelo” y deuda simbólica: El lugar del arte en contextos de violencia
Authors: Rubiano Elkin
Published: September 2017

En este artículo se hace una indagación por las relaciones entre violencia, arte y prácticas simbólicas. Para tal fin, se reflexiona sobre la persistencia del cementerio, las tumbas, los féretros y sus metáforas, tanto en el arte contemporáneo como en los movimientos de familias que buscan a sus desaparecidos. Inseparable de esta persistencia es la imagen de las personas asesinadas y desaparecidas: ¿cómo enmarcar estos retratos? ¿Cómo dignificar tanto la imagen de estas personas como los ritos funerarios? Los objetos, como los féretros, no son solo objetos, así como las imágenes de personas desaparecidas, no son solo retratos: son imágenes y objetos cuyas circunstancias las arrancan del flujo cotidiano de los acontecimientos y no es un azar, por lo tanto, que algunas prácticas artísticas busquen dignificarlas intentando saldar las deudas simbólicas con las personas asesinadas y desaparecidas, así como con sus familias.
Luis Felipe Noé en los años 80: textos y pinturas sobre el fin de la historia del arte en una Latinoamérica sin historia
Authors: Lee Penagos Juan Camilo
Published: September 2017

En el presente artículo se trabajarán los textos escritos por Luis Felipe Noé desde su vuelta a la pintura en 1975 hasta finalizar los años 80, y su relación con las obras de ese periodo. En estos textos, Noé propone ciertas maneras de asumir la relación entre el arte de la pintura de los años 80 y el compromiso con la búsqueda de una imagen propia para la cultura latinoamericana. Finalmente encontramos los planteos específicos de Noé, a través de contrastes con autores como Arthur Danto y Lyotard, y contextualizando las obras en el campo artístico argentino del momento.
La música de Rainer Viertlböck en la versión restaurada del film Das Kabinett des Doktor Caligari de Robert Wiene (1919)
Authors: Amorós Pons Anna María , Gómez Otero Nuria
Published: September 2017

En el artículo se resumen los resultados más destacables de un estudio integrado en una investigación más general sobre la música como elemento narrativo en el Cine de la República de Weimar. Esta aportación se ha acotado al estudio musical de la película considerada obra maestra del expresionismo cinematográfico alemán, Das Kabinett des Doktor Caligari de Robert Wiene (1919). El texto se adentra en el complejo estudio de la composición musical realizada en este caso por Rainer Viertlböck en 1993, para la versión íntegra restaurada y basada en la reconstrucción del coloreado del film. Metodológicamente se opta por un estudio de caso histórico-descriptivo, analítico-cualitativo y hermenéutico. A través de un minucioso análisis músico-fílmico de las escenas se pone de manifiesto los elementos estructurales presentes, los recursos estilísticos y estéticos utilizados, las corrientes y tendencias que emanan, así como los instrumentos empleados en la composición musical para dicho film.
Pedagogía popular a partir de prácticas artísticas marginales realizadas con objetos de lo cotidiano
Authors: García Camargo Dimo Leonardo
Published: September 2017

Este  texto examina algunas prácticas artísticas marginales, que pueden entenderse como generadoras de un enriquecimiento disidente y de un bienestar social divergente frente a las lógicas economicistas que imperan en el mundo contemporáneo.En este artículo vamos a estudiar algunas características del arte marginal (outsider art) realizado con objetos de lo cotidiano, con el fin de elaborar algunas orientaciones metodológicas, a partir de dichas características, para una pedagogía popular que permita un trabajo de exploración artística y de emancipación social.
Fortalecimiento de las alianzas docencia-servicio para el avance de la enfermería en Colombia
Authors: Carvajal-Hermida Elsa Yolanda , Pérez-Giraldo Beatriz , Sánchez-Herrera Beatriz
Published: September 2017

Objetivo: revisar las tendencias conceptuales, teóricas y empíricas sobre el fortalecimiento de alianzas docencia-servicio para el avance de la enfermería en Colombia. Método: revisión sis­temática de literatura. Resultados: el rastreo bibliográfico entre los años 2013 y 2015, bajo los descriptores enfermería, práctica avanzada y educación o docencia, dio como resultado veintitrés artículos analizados en su totalidad. Conclusiones: hay predominio de abordajes conceptuales y teóricos para el análisis de la práctica de enfermería. A efectos de fortalecer la política de alianza docencia-servicio se recomienda trabajar por competencias, mejorar la relación con el paciente y mirar integralmente el sistema. La mayor formación de enfermería en la clínica, la cualifica y le exige nuevos retos de autonomía. La alianza docencia-servicio es necesaria para la cualificación de la práctica de enfermería en Colombia.
Subcortical frequency-coding errors are linked to speaker-variability intolerance in normal-hearing adults
Authors: Jeng Fuh-Cherng , Lee Chao-Yang , McDonald Tiffany N. , Ganch Hallie M. , Teets Elizabeth A. , Hart Breanna N.
Published: September 2017

Processing speaker-specific information is an important task in daily communication. This study examined how fundamental frequency (F0) cues were encoded at the subcortical level, as reflected by scalp-recorded frequency-following responses, and their relationship with the listener's ability in processing speech stimuli produced by multiple speakers. By using Mandarin tones with distinctive F0 contours, the results indicated that subcortical frequency-coding errors were significantly correlated with the listener's speaker-variability intolerance for both percent correct and reaction time measures. These findings lay a foundation to help improve the understanding of how speaker information is processed in individuals with normal and impaired auditory systems.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa NA04 Bacterium Isolated from an Entomopathogenic Nematode
Authors: Salgado-Morales Rosalba , Rivera-Gómez Nancy , Lozano-Aguirre Beltrán Luis Fernando , Hernández-Mendoza Armando , Dantán-González Edgar
Published: September 2017

We report the draft genome sequence of Gram-negative bacterium
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
NA04, isolated from the entomopathogenic nematode
Heterorhabditis indica
MOR03. The draft genome consists of 54 contigs, a length of 6.37 Mb, and a G+C content 66.49%.
Draft Genome Sequences of Listeria monocytogenes Strains from Listeriosis Outbreaks Linked to Soft Cheese in Washington State
Authors: Li Zhen , Marsland Paula A. , Meek Roxanne T. , Eckmann Kaye , Allard Marc W. , Pérez-Osorio Ailyn C.
Published: September 2017

Listeria monocytogenes
has caused listeriosis outbreaks linked to soft cheese. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of seven
L. monocytogenes
isolates from two possibly related outbreaks caused by soft cheese products in Washington State.
The effect of paid maternity leave on early childhood growth in low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Jahagirdar Deepa , Harper Sam , Heymann Jody , Swaminathan Hema , Mukherji Arnab , Nandi Arijit
Published: September 2017

Background

Despite recent improvements, low height-for-age, a key indicator of inadequate child nutrition, is an ongoing public health issue in low-income and middle-income countries. Paid maternity leave has the potential to improve child nutrition, but few studies have estimated its impact.

Methods

We used data from 583 227 children younger than 5 years in 37 countries surveyed as part of the Demographic and Health Surveys (2000–2014) to compare the change in children’s height-for-age z score in five countries that increased their legislated duration of paid maternity leave (Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Bangladesh and Lesotho) relative to 32 other countries that did not. A quasiexperimental difference-in-difference design involving a linear regression of height-for-age z score on the number of weeks of legislated paid maternity leave was used. We included fixed effects for country and birth year to control for, respectively, fixed country characteristics and shared trends in height-for-age, and adjusted for time-varying covariates such as gross domestic product per capita and the female labour force participation rate.

Results

The mean height-for-age z scores in the pretreatment period were -1.91 (SD=1.44) and –1.47 (SD=1.57) in countries that did and did not change their policies, respectively. The scores increased in treated and control countries over time. A 1-month increase in legislated paid maternity leave was associated with a decrease of 0.08(95% CI −0.20 to 0.04) in child height-for-age z score. Sensitivity analyses did not support a robust association between paid maternity leave policies and height-for-age z score.

Conclusion

We found little evidence that recent changes in legislated paid maternity leave have been sufficient to affect child height-for-age z scores. The relatively short durations of leave, the potential for low coverage and the strong increasing trend in children’s growth may explain our findings. Future studies considering longer durations or combined interventions may reveal further insight to support policy.
Hearing threshold shifts among military pilots of the Israeli Air Force
Authors: Kampel-Furman Liyona , Joachims Z , Bar-Cohen H , Grossman A , Frenkel-Nir Y , Shapira Y , Alon E , Carmon E , Gordon B
Published: September 2017

Background

Military aviators are potentially at risk for developing noise-induced hearing loss. Whether ambient aircraft noise exposure causes hearing deficit beyond the changes attributed to natural ageing is debated. The aim of this research was to assess changes in hearing thresholds of Israeli Air Force (IAF) pilots over 20 years of military service and identify potential risk factors for hearing loss.

Methods

A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted of pure-tone air conduction audiograms of pilots, from their recruitment at 18 years of age until the last documented medical check-up. Mean hearing thresholds were analysed in relation to age, total flight hours and aircraft platform. Comparisons were made to the hearing thresholds of air traffic controllers (ATCs) who were not exposed to the noise generated by aircraft while on duty.

Results

One hundred and sixty-three pilots were included, with flying platforms ranging from fighter jets (n=54), combat helicopters (n=27), transport helicopters (n=52) and transport aircraft (n=30). These were compared with the results from 17 ATCs. A marked notch in the frequency range of 4–6 kHz was demonstrated in the mean audiograms of all platforms pilots, progressing with ageing. Hearing threshold shifts in relation to measurements at recruitment were first noted at the age of 30 years, particularly at 4 kHz (mean shift of 2.97 dB, p=0.001). There was no statistical association between flying variables and hearing thresholds adjusted for age by logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions

The audiometric profile of IAF pilots has a pattern compatible with noise exposure, as reflected by characteristic noise notch. However, no flight variable was associated with deterioration of hearing thresholds, and no significant difference from non-flying controls (ATCs) was seen.
An exertional heat illness triage tool for a jungle training environment
Authors: Smith Mike , Withnall R , Boulter M
Published: September 2017

This article introduces a practical triage tool designed to assist commanders, jungle training instructors (JTIs) and medical personnel to identify Defence Personnel (DP) with suspected exertional heat illness (EHI). The challenges of managing suspected EHI in a jungle training environment and the potential advantages to stratifying the urgency of evacuation are discussed. This tool has been designed to be an adjunct to the existing MOD mandated heat illness recognition and first aid training.
Image Sharpness and Contrast Tuning in the Early Visual Pathway
Authors: Sánchez Eduardo , Ferreiroa Rubén , Arias Adrián , Martínez Luis M.
Published: September 2017

The center–surround organization of the receptive fields (RFs) of retinal ganglion cells highlights the presence of local contrast in visual stimuli. As RF of thalamic relay cells follow the same basic functional organization, it is often assumed that they contribute very little to alter the retinal output. However, in many species, thalamic relay cells largely outnumber their retinal inputs, which diverge to contact simultaneously several units at thalamic level. This gain in cell population as well as retinothalamic convergence opens the door to question how information about contrast is transformed at the thalamic stage. Here, we address this question using a realistic dynamic model of the retinothalamic circuit. Our results show that different components of the thalamic RF might implement filters that are analogous to two types of well-known image processing techniques to preserve the quality of a higher resolution version of the image on its way to the primary visual cortex.
MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF THE Ni–B AND Ni–B–Ce ULTRASONIC-ASSISTED ELECTROLESS COATINGS
Authors: QIAN WEI , CHEN HAOTIAN , FENG CHENQI , ZHU LIYING , WEI HUANMING , HAN SHENG , LI GUISHENG , LIN HUALIN , JIANG JIBO
Published: September 2017

We successfully obtained Ni–B and Ni–B–Ce coatings with and without sonication on low-carbon steel (Q235) through electroless plating with the deposition time of 60[Formula: see text]min. The surface morphology and elemental composition of the coatings were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The 11[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m thick sonicated Ni–B–Ce (Son-Ni–B–Ce) coating is uniform with the composition of Ni 87.1%, B 6.2% and Ce 6.6%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements implied a typical broaden peak around 44∘, considered as amorphous structure which was confirmed by selected area electron diffraction pattern (SAED). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a typical circular pit of Ni–B–Ce coating and Son-Ni–B–Ce coating. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the chemical status of coating components. The mechanical and corrosion resistance properties were determined by Vickers hardness tester, potentiodynamic polarization (Tafel) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 3.5[Formula: see text]wt. % NaCl solution. As a result, the Son-Ni–B–Ce coating revealed the optimum hardness (956[Formula: see text]HV), minimum roughness [Formula: see text] (92.38[Formula: see text]nm) and excellent corrosion resistance (3.65[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Acm[Formula: see text] among all coatings.
INFLUENCE OF THE ALKALI SURFACE TREATMENTS ON THE INTERFACE-STATES DENSITY AND MINORITY CARRIER LIFETIME IN Cz–SILICON WAFER
Authors: MAOUDJ M. , BOUHAFS D. , BOUROUBA N. , EL AMRANI A. , BOUFNIK R. , BEROUAKEN M. , HAMIDA-FERHAT A.
Published: September 2017

The chemical etching of the surface of silicon wafers is a critical step in the manufacturing process of all semiconductor devices. In this contribution, we investigate the effect of alkaline etching on minority carrier lifetime and interface-states density ([Formula: see text] of silicon wafers intended to be used as solar cell substrates. After alkali treatment, the surface morphology was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-visible-NIR optical spectroscopy. Besides and as electrical characterizations, the minority charge carrier lifetime ([Formula: see text] was measured by the Quasi-Steady State Photoconductance technique (QSSPC), and the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy was used to evaluate [Formula: see text]. These results were correlated with the surface recombination velocity (SRV) calculated by fitting the experimental data to the theory. The results of characterization showed a lower SRV and a higher apparent lifetime ([Formula: see text] obtained with 23[Formula: see text]wt.% KOH etching as compared to those obtained with 30[Formula: see text]wt.% NaOH; viz. 825[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] against 1500[Formula: see text]cm.s[Formula: see text] and 32[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]s against 23[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]s, respectively. These findings were corroborated by [Formula: see text] measurements which gave [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]ev[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] for KOH treatment and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]ev[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] for NaOH treatment.
NUMERICAL MODELING OF WC-12% Co LASER ALLOYED CAST IRON IN HIGH TEMPERATURE SLIDING WEAR CONDITION USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: JEYAPRAKASH N. , DURAISELVAM MUTHUKANNAN , ADITYA S. V.
Published: September 2017

The wear behavior of untreated and WC-12% Co laser alloyed nodular cast iron samples were analyzed using a high temperature pin-on-disc tribometer. Response surface methodology (RSM) based Box–Behnken technique was employed to minimize the sum of trials and to develop a mathematical model for the input process parameters namely sliding velocity, temperature and load. The interaction effects of the process parameters were investigated using the developed model. Further, the developed model was analyzed using analysis of variance. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrum were used for characterization. Laser alloyed samples showed a minimum wear rate ([Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm3/m) and friction coefficient (0.10 to 0.39) compared to untreated samples. The results of the validation test showed that the experimental results agreed well with predicted results of the developed mathematical model.
Neural Skyline Filtering for Imbalance Features Classification
Authors: Nimmy Sonia Farhana , Kamal Md. Sarwar , Hossain Muhammad Iqbal , Dey Nilanjan , Ashour Amira S. , Shi Fuqian
Published: September 2017

In the current digitalized era, large datasets play a vital role in features extractions, information processing, knowledge mining and management. Sometimes, existing mining approaches are not sufficient to handle large volume of datasets. Biological data processing also suffers for the same issue. In the present work, a classification process is carried out on large volume of exons and introns from a set of raw data. The proposed work is designed into two parts as pre-processing and mapping-based classification. For pre-processing, three filtering techniques have been used. However, these traditional filtering techniques face difficulties for large datasets due to the long required time during large data processing as well as the large required memory size. In this regard, a mapping-based neural skyline filtering approach is designed. Randomized algorithm performed the mapping for large volume of datasets based on objective function. The objective function determines the randomized size of the datasets according to the homogeneity. Around 200 million DNA base pairs have been used for experimental analysis. Experimental result shows that mapping centric filtering outperforms other filtering techniques during large data processing.
SIGACT News Online Algorithms Column 31
Authors: Ambühl Christoph
Published: September 2017

The list update problem is a well studied online problem in the area of self-adjusting data structures. Understanding the o?ine version of this problem is crucial because of the role it plays in the competitive analysis of online list update algorithms. In this paper we settle a long-standing open problem by showing that the o?ine list update problem is NP-hard.