bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancing Toward a Hepatitis C-Free World: Emerging Therapies, Persistent Challenges, and Future Prospects
Authors: Enitan Seyi Samson , Soboyejo Princess Hephzibah , Digban Kester Awharentomah , Iduh Michael Unata , Asekun-Olarinmoye Ifeoluwapo Oyebola , Azike Chidimma Anthonia , Itodo Grace Eleojo , Adole Ameh Raphael , Okuneye Ayomide Oluwatobiloba
Published: February 2025

Recent advancements in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have significantly advanced the goal of achieving a hepatitis C-free world. The introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) has revolutionized treatment, offering over 95% cure rates, shorter treatment durations, and fewer side effects. Pan-genotypic regimens, such as sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, have further simplified treatment by being effective across all HCV genotypes. Despite these advancements, substantial challenges persist globally. An estimated 50 million people are living with chronic HCV worldwide, yet many remain undiagnosed, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where there is limited healthcare infrastructure. High treatment costs further restrict access to these life-saving therapies. Reinfection rates remain high among certain populations, such as people who inject drugs (PWIDs), and stigma continues to deter individuals from seeking testing and treatment. To advance HCV elimination, future efforts must prioritize universal screening, affordable treatment, improved diagnostic technologies, and intensified research into vaccine development. Strengthened global and local collaboration is essential to overcome these challenges and reduce the global HCV burden.
Mpox Resurgence: Preventing a Potential Pandemic Through Lessons Learned From COVID-19 Experience and Future Research Directions
Authors: Enitan Seyi Samson , Akele Richard Yomi , Omoare Adesuyi Ayodeji , Dogonyaro Banenat Bajehson , Iduh Michael Unata , Digban Kester Awharentomah , Aladenika Seto Saint Tunrayo , Itodo Grace Eleojo , John-Ugwuanya Grace Amarachi , Edafetanure-Ibeh Okeoghene Marcel , Adole Ameh Raphael , Adebanjo Agbolahan Adegboyega , Ajayi Oluwanifemi Adefiyinfoluwa , Okuneye Ayomide Oluwatobiloba , Ajayi Temitayo Oluwatomisin
Published: February 2025

Mpox, declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization (WHO), poses a growing global threat. The resurgence, driven by the highly transmissible and severe clade Ib strain from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, raises concerns about a potential pandemic. This narrative review aims to identify actionable strategies to mitigate the current Mpox outbreak by leveraging lessons from past health crises, particularly COVID-19, and to highlight future research priorities essential for global preparedness. A comprehensive literature review from 2018 to 2024 was conducted using Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed databases, focusing on Mpox transmission, vaccine efficacy, antiviral treatments, and public health responses. Our findings revealed that the resurgence of Mpox is fueled by viral evolution, ecological changes, and inadequate surveillance, exacerbated by inequitable healthcare access and insufficient public health infrastructure. While existing vaccines, such as Jynneos and ACAM2000, offer protection, their long-term efficacy and safety across diverse populations require further study. Antiviral treatments, including tecovirimat and brincidofovir, show promise but lack optimized care protocols and face challenges such as emerging resistance. Lessons from the COVID-19 response underscore the importance of enhancing global surveillance systems, strengthening healthcare infrastructure, ensuring equitable vaccine distribution, and fostering community engagement. Effective Mpox management also requires standardized treatment guidelines and the integration of genomic monitoring to track viral evolution and drug resistance. Urgent international collaboration is needed to avert a potential Mpox pandemic. Priorities include advancing research on long-term vaccine efficacy, optimizing antiviral therapies, and improving care for severe cases. Actionable recommendations include robust policies, sustainable funding, and global collaboration to strengthen pandemic preparedness and mitigate Mpox’s impact.
Identification of a Novel Extracellular Alkaline Protease-Producing Bacillus cereus G2 Isolated From Petroleum Sludge and Optimization of Enzyme Production
Authors: Al Balaa Bassam , Qasem Samah , Haj Mahmoud Nermeen
Published: February 2025

Background: Alkaline proteases are of significant utility in the field of biotechnology, with extensive applications in spanning numerous sectors, including those in the medical and health, pharmaceuticals, food, detergents, and leather industries. Methods: The bacterial strain G2, isolated from petroleum sludge at the Homs Refinery in Syria, was evaluated for its ability to produce alkaline protease using a skim milk agar medium. Protease production was confirmed through a protease assay. The molecular identification of the selected isolate was conducted through sequencing of the 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA). Culture conditions, including variables such as inoculum size, incubation duration, temperature, pH, and various carbon and nitrogen sources, were optimized to achieve protease production. Results: Strain G2 exhibited alkaline proteolytic activity, thereby establishing its status as an effective protease producer. A 16S rDNA analysis of the intended strain revealed that the organism was identified as Bacillus cereus. The highest level of enzyme production was observed when the isolate, at an inoculum size of 3%, was cultured in the production medium for 48 hours at a pH rate of 10 and 45° C, using 1% glucose and 1% yeast extract as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The alkaline protease activity was ultimately found to be 4.44-fold higher (533.3 U/mL) compared to the initial optimization of enzyme production (120 U/mL). Conclusion: This constitutes the inaugural account of the alkaliphilic B. cereus G2 strain, which was isolated from sludge petroleum and is capable of secreting alkaline protease. The findings regarding the optimal cultural conditions for the production of thermophilic alkaline protease provide a crucial foundation for future research into the potential biotechnological applications of this strain in alkaline protease production.
Next Generation of Colorectal Cancer Management: Integrating Omics, Targeted Therapies, and Smart Technologies
Authors: Addissouky Tamer A.
Published: February 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health concern, with increasing incidence rates observed in young adults and Asian populations. Recent advancements in diagnostic tools, targeted therapies, and precision medicine approaches have revolutionized CRC management. This review aimed to summarize the latest developments in CRC diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, focusing on innovative technologies and personalized approaches. Advanced imaging techniques, including high-definition colonoscopy, virtual colonoscopy, and integrated PET-CT scans, have enhanced CRC detection and staging accuracy. Novel biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), and exosomes show promise for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Precision medicine employs molecular profiling to guide targeted therapies, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Anti-cancer metal ions such as platinum, ruthenium, and gallium compounds demonstrate efficacy through diverse mechanisms. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in imaging analysis, pathology, and treatment planning enhances diagnostic accuracy and personalized care. Herbal and traditional medicines, including curcumin and green tea catechins, exhibit anti-tumor properties and potential synergistic effects with conventional therapies. Prevention strategies include lifestyle modifications, screening programs, and risk-based personalized approaches. Emerging technologies such as organoid engineering and nanomedicine, offer new avenues for drug discovery and targeted delivery. Integrating advanced diagnostic tools, targeted therapies, and personalized approaches has substantially improved CRC management. However, challenges remain in addressing tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and treatment accessibility. Future research should focus on validating emerging technologies and biomarkers through large-scale clinical trials to further enhance CRC prevention, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes.
Exploration of Antidiabetic Activity of the Whole Plant Extract of Eclipta prostrata by In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Methods
Authors: Muni Maniza , Mim Mst. Morsheda Akter , Aktar Fahima , Afrin Syeda Sadia , Alam Safaet , Sikder Al Amin , Chowdhury Jakir Ahmed , Chowdhury Abu Asad , Kabir Shaila , Sultan Md. Zakir , Amran Md. Shah
Published: February 2025

Background: Diabetes is the most common chronic disease worldwide, requiring lifelong medication support. As conventional medications have numerous long-term side effects, herbal drugs, which offer similar effectiveness but fewer complications, are considered an alternative. A common tropical herb, Eclipta prostrata, was tested for its antidiabetic activities. Objectives: The principal objective of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic efficacy of E. prostrata extract using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methods. Methods: The in silico study comprised ligand library preparation through a literature review, structure optimization using Avogadro software and molecular docking against five antidiabetic macromolecules using PyRx. The in vitro alpha-amylase inhibitory study was conducted using the dried extract of E. prostrata. The in vivo study was performed on alloxan monohydrate-induced diabetic rats at a dose of 150 mg/kg, followed by treatment with three doses of 70% ethanolic extract of the whole plant (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 750 mg/kg) for 28 days. Then, plasma glucose levels, plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels, and histopathological assays of rat livers were carried out. Results: The in silico studies helped screen out the most effective antidiabetic constituents of E. prostrata, which may serve as lead compounds for developing antidiabetic drugs in the future. The IC50 value for E. prostrata extract was 22.21 mg/mL in the alpha-amylase assay. The plant extract significantly improved the health of the diabetes-induced rats. Conclusion: Based on these findings, E. prostrata could be an effective natural antidiabetic drug.
Personalized Pain Pathways in Liver Fibrosis: Towards Precision Hepatology
Authors: Addissouky Tamer A.
Published: February 2025

Liver fibrosis, characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), is a critical precursor to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. While the liver itself lacks pain fibers, fibrosis progression can induce pain through various mechanisms, significantly impacting patient quality of life and potentially influencing disease outcomes. This review aims to elucidate the complex relationship between liver fibrosis and pain, exploring recent advances in pain assessment, management strategies, and emerging therapies. The pathophysiology of liver fibrosis involves intricate cellular and molecular mechanisms, with hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation playing a central role. Pain in liver fibrosis arises from capsular distension, inflammation-induced nociception, and neuropathic pain. Recent advances in pain assessment include the exploration of biomarkers, advanced imaging techniques, and liver-specific patient-reported outcome measures. Current management strategies encompass pharmacological approaches with liver-specific considerations, non-pharmacological interventions, and complementary medicine. Emerging therapies, including novel antifibrotic agents, targeted pain therapies, and regenerative medicine approaches, offer promising avenues for addressing both fibrosis and associated pain. However, challenges persist in balancing pain relief with the preservation of liver function and managing altered drug metabolism in liver disease. The future of pain management in liver fibrosis lies in personalized approaches, integrating pain management into comprehensive liver care and exploring the potential of fibrosis reversal for pain relief. As our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying both liver fibrosis and pain deepens, targeted therapies addressing patient-specific pain pathways while simultaneously targeting fibrosis progression may become a reality.
Immunotherapeutic Treatment for Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Review of Recent Clinical Trials
Authors: Jumah Toheeb Adedolapo , Chijioke Doris Ukamaka , Babalola Oluwapelumi Deborah , Amaechi Onyinyechi Judith , Adeleke Fehintoluwa Celestina , Charles Omiyale Olumakinde , Oluokun Tunde Salau , Abdulkareem Mutiat Aramide , Owolabi Bunmi Adesola , Saheed Emmanuel Saviour , Aromolaran Remilekun Florence , Bashiru Rukayat Modupe
Published: February 2025

Metastatic prostate cancer (PC) immunotherapy targets tumor-specific antigens, also known as tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), commonly present in cancer cells. Advancements in PC immunotherapy research studies have shown distinctive and innovative prospective immunotherapy interventions for metastatic PC. Sipuleucel-T, the first immunotherapeutic treatment to treat cases of metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC), is one of these notable, unique, and innovative immunotherapies. This review examines the types of immunotherapies for metastatic PC, along with immunotherapy and combination treatments with immunotherapy, with a particular emphasis on immunotherapy in clinical trials. The goal of immunotherapeutic treatments is to restore the host immune system’s ability to combat PC cells, primarily through natural mechanisms (e.g., the action of cytotoxic T cells on cancer cells) and a variety of mechanisms of action that elicit the desired effect through targeting TAAs, ligand binding, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Researchers have also linked multiple gene mutations and expressions to metastatic PC susceptibility, such as CDK12 mutations. The ability of immunomodulators to enhance the immunoreactivity of PC patients has suggested their use in combination therapeutic approaches with immunotherapy for PC treatment. Recent immunotherapy treatments for metastatic PC have focused on exploring different immune system checkpoint inhibitors, genetic alterations, and PC biomarkers to improve the clinical progression of metastatic PC patients, their overall survival rate, and the partial or complete remission of cancer cells. Furthermore, ongoing clinical research studies on immunotherapy treatment for metastatic PC are currently investigating not only monotherapy immunotherapy treatments but also various combination therapies that can enhance the immunotherapy treatment’s effectiveness.
Uncovering Potential Novel Antidiabetic Compounds from African Traditional Medicinal Plants: A Computer-Aided Study
Authors: Ononamadu Chimaobi James , Abdalla Mohnad , Ihegboro Godwin Okwudiri
Published: February 2025

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased markedly in recent years. Although traditional medicinal plants and natural products offer promising candidates for antidiabetic drugs, their full potential remains largely underexplored. Objectives: This study aimed to identify antidiabetic phytocompounds from a database of African plant-derived compounds, which were screened against four key antidiabetic targets: alpha-amylase 1 (AMY1A), α-glucosidase (MGAM), Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV). Methods: The compounds were initially filtered for drug-likeness and subsequently screened using molecular docking. The top candidates underwent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. During these simulations, the binding energies were calculated using the Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MMGBSA) method. Additionally, several structural parameters such as root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), radius of gyration (rGyr), polar surface area (PSA), molecular surface area (MolSA), and solvent accessible surface area (SASA) were analyzed. Results: A total of 43 unique compounds belonging to several chemical classes (i.e., flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, iridoids, and xanthones) were identified, exhibiting docking scores comparable to known controls. The results were as follows: docking scores of -7.4 to -8.7 kcal/mol (control: -9.7) for AMY1A, -6.8 to -8.0 kcal/mol (control: -8.2) for MGAM, -8.1 to -9.6 kcal/mol (control: -9.3) for DPP4, and -5.9 to -6.8 kcal/mol (control: -9.1) for PTP1B. MD simulations indicated that AMY1A-101679366 and DPP4-393472 complexes are negative and notably lower (-65.3 kcal/mol and -54.1 kcal/mol, respectively) than their respective controls. Furthermore, the MD simulations revealed relatively stable RMSD and RMSF profiles for the complexes, with fluctuations below 2.0 Å. The rGyr, PSA, MolSA, and SASA analyses further confirmed the stability of the protein-ligand complexes. Conclusion: The findings unveiled several compounds with promising antidiabetic potential, establishing a basis for further in vitro and in vivo studies to explore their therapeutic applications in T2DM treatment. Additionally, these compounds may serve as scaffolds for enhanced drug development.
Natural Anthraquinones as Potential Akt1-Targeted Anticancer Agents
Authors: Jamshidi Shokoofeh , Mahfouzi Fatemeh , Shojaei Setareh , Taherkhani Amir
Published: February 2025

Background: The phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of the rapamycin signaling pathway is crucial in cancer progression. Akt1, a vital pathway component, has emerged as a promising therapeutic target. Objectives: This study used molecular docking analysis to investigate the potential of anthraquinones (AQs) as Akt1 inhibitors. Methods: The crystallographic structure of Akt1 was obtained from the Protein Data Bank (PDB ID: 4GV1). Twenty-one AQ compounds were selected for docking analyses using AutoDock 4.0. Binding affinities and interaction modes were compared with two Akt1 reference inhibitors. Results: Eleven AQs demonstrated substantial binding affinity to the Akt1’s catalytic site at nanomolar concentrations. Hypericin and sennidin B exhibited the most potent inhibitory effects, with ΔGbinding values of -11.19 kcal/mol and -10.36 kcal /mol, respectively, surpassing control inhibitors. Hypericin formed three hydrogen bonds and two hydrophobic interactions with the Akt1 catalytic cleft, while sennidin B formed six hydrogen and one hydrophobic interaction. Conclusion: This study identified several AQs, particularly hypericin and sennidin B, as promising Akt1 inhibitors with superior binding affinities compared to reference compounds. These findings provide a foundation for further developing AQ-based Akt1-targeted therapeutics in cancer treatment. Future research should focus on the in vitro and in vivo validation of these compounds’ efficacy and safety profiles.
Identifying Methamphetamine Users Through Electroencephalography Analysis: Harnessing Highly Comparative Time-Series Analysis and Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Meynaghizadeh-Zargar Reza , Kazmi Sareh , Sadigh-Eteghad Saeed , Barati Abdollah , Shafiee-Kandjani Ali Reza
Published: February 2025

Background: Methamphetamine is a chemical substance which affects the brain electrical activity of addicted individuals. The study aimed to assess the potential of using electroencephalography (EEG) signals and machine learning (ML) techniques to distinguish individuals with methamphetamine (MA) dependence from healthy individuals. Methods: The researchers utilized highly comparative time-series analysis (hctsa) for feature extraction. Three ML algorithms, logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF), were employed to process the data. Various combinations of top 40 features were used to test the possibility of reaching 100% accuracy. Results: Although individual features did not achieve 100% accuracy, combinations of two features resulted in two distinct states with a prediction accuracy of 100% when using the SVM approach. Even more combinations of features with 100% accuracy were found when utilizing more features. Conclusion: Based on the findings, SVM, LR, and RF classifiers, combined with feature extraction through the hctsa method, demonstrated exceptional accuracy in identifying MA users among healthy individuals using a single EEG channel. The classification accuracy reached up to 100%.
Novel Electrochemical Biosensors for Detecting Specific Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers, Delving Into Advancements in Early Detection and Personalized Treatment Strategies
Authors: Dong Zheng , Xu Zheifeng
Published: February 2025

The rising incidence and mortality rates of cancer have spurred advancements in precise and effective early diagnosis methods. This study aimed to explore electrochemical biosensors for detecting colorectal cancer (CRC). Biomarkers are crucial in screening tests and the treatment, prognosis, and medical management of CRC. Quick and accurate detection of these biomarkers aids in the early diagnosis of CRC. The article reviews various electrochemical recognition methods for CRC biomarkers, including nanomaterials and immunosensors. It also discusses the construction of electrochemical biosensors for distinguishing CRC-associated biomarkers. The combination of electrochemical biosensors offers high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability due to nanomaterials’ unique physical and chemical properties, easy surface functionalization, high electrochemical activity, and excellent compatibility. However, challenges such as electrode passivation, nonspecific adsorption, signal drift, and result accuracy need further refinement. Moreover, more sensitive and specific biomarkers are necessary for the initial diagnosis of CRC, along with the combinations of biomarkers for multiple tests. This study also presents an updated survey of electrochemical-cell-based biosensors, demonstrating promise for cancer detection.
Post-Hysterectomy Pelvic Presentations; Incidence and Clinical Significance
Authors: Mohammad Jafari Raziye , Najafian Mahin , Kazemi Zahra
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating ultra-sonographic manifestations in the pelvic system following hysterectomy surgery. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study examined women who underwent hysterectomy. The included women in the study underwent a pelvic ultrasound examination at three different time points. These three-time points were 3, 7, and 40 days after hysterectomy. All ultra-sonographic findings as well as women’s demographic data and clinical records were recorded in this study. Results: This study included a total of 80 women. The mean age of women was 53 years (between 36-72 years). The most common cause of hysterectomy in these women was abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) with a frequency of 52.4%, followed by uterine prolapse and uterine fibroids with 16%. Ultrasound evaluation on the third day after surgery showed that 65 (81.2%) women had no pelvic symptoms, and 12 (16.25%) had free fluid. However, 7 women showed pelvic fluid accumulation from the seventh day, 3 of them showed hematoma, and 2 women showed a coincidence of hematoma and pelvic free fluid. In general, 9 women were hospitalized for fever complications. Conclusions: Overall, the findings of this study indicated that pelvic manifestations are a common hysterectomy-associated complication. Also, the study indicated that the pelvic manifestations usually resolve on their own and do not require therapeutic interventions. Moreover, this study did not find any relation between postoperative pelvic symptoms and febrile complications.
The effect of beet leaf (Beta vulgaris) extract on learning and memory after cerebral ischemic reperfusion in rats
Authors: Mirahmadi Kobra , Asgharzadeh Najmeh , Lorigooini Zahra , Mardani Marzieh , Rabiei Zahra , Shahrani Diana , Shahrani Mohamad , Shahrani Korrani Mehrdad
Published: February 2025

Background and aims: Cerebral ischemia causes tissue oxidative damage and leads to cell death. Antioxidants can reduce the adverse effects of ischemia in the brain. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Beta vulgaris hydroalcoholic extract on learning and memory caused by transient cerebral ischemia. Methods: After preparing the herbal extract, the rats were divided into six groups: control, sham, ischemia, and 3 ischemic groups that received the extract. Ischemia was induced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion for 30 minutes. The control, sham, and ischemia groups received normal saline for two weeks. Three treatment groups received 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg B. vulgaris extract. After conducting behavioral tests, the antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of the rat’s serum and brain were measured. Results: The results showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of B. vulgaris leaves increases the antioxidant capacity of serum and brain. It also reduces the amount of MDA in serum and brain. B. vulgaris extract enhances learning and improves motor balance. Conclusion: This study showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of beet leaves firmly protects brain damage caused by cerebral ischemia. The antioxidant property of this extract may explain this effect.
Hematological Changes Provoked by Natural Alkaloids
Authors: Bamidele Olubayode , Popoola Abigail Oluwatomisin , Adedayo Lawrence Dayo , Adelowo Funmilola , Inaolaji David , Arokoyo Dennis Seyi
Published: February 2025

Background and aims: Plant alkaloids are naturally occurring nitrogen-containing chemicals with a wide range of therapeutic applications. They have been reported to cure a considerable number of illnesses, including cancer, diabetes, malaria, and heart dysfunction. This study sought to evaluate the impact of several plant alkaloids on hematological parameters in animals. Methods: The results of different plant extracts containing alkaloids in laboratory animals on hematological indices such as red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, hematocrit (Hct), white blood cell count, platelet count, and others using normal laboratory methods were gathered from scientific papers and databases using keywords such as plant alkaloids, alkaloid toxicity, hematological parameters, hematological changes, blood, and animals. Results: Plant alkaloids identified through the search had different impacts on hematological indices. Some alkaloids raised RBC count, Hb concentration, and Hct, while others lowered these values. Platelet count was generally observed to increase, but there were exceptions. Certain alkaloids found in some plants have no substantial influence on hematological parameters. Conclusion: Plant alkaloids can cause various changes in hematological parameters in animals. These alterations might be useful or deleterious depending on the alkaloid and its concentration. Understanding these effects is essential for the safe and effective use of plant-based therapies.
The effects of ozone pretreatment on the physicochemical, functional, bioactive, textural, and sensory properties of medicinal plants: A comprehensive review
Authors: Shafiee Zahra , Hosseinzadeh Samani Bahram
Published: February 2025

Background and aims: Ozone technology is utilized to inactivate enzymes, destroy microorganisms, and preserve and maintain food quality without chemicals as antimicrobial agents. Methods: As an emerging processing technology, ozone pretreatment objectives combine some selected features with low molecular weight functional components and bioactive properties of medicinal plants. Changes observed were those in physical and functional properties such as pH, sensorial attributes of aroma and texture, and bioactive compounds like polyphenols, oxidants, and non-enzymatic enzymes. Results: It has been shown through research that different reactions occur, which could be beneficial according to the mixture of plants present, given that each case has a different mechanism. Ozone’s natural behavior, improved economic viability, and enhanced environmental safety distinguish it from traditional means. Nevertheless, research on the effects of ozone on functional and bioactive compounds of food and medicinal plants is still ongoing since it will be the basis for its establishment as a new technique. Conclusion: The primary objectives achieved by applying ozone technology include maintaining and enhancing quality, improving antimicrobial efficiency, reducing chemical usage, environmental sustainability, and developing new processing methods. This study investigates the effect of ozone on the physical and functional properties, such as pH and sensory attributes, based on controlled experiments while analyzing the different reactions induced by ozone when combined with medicinal plants.
Investigating the antioxidant effects of Cucurbita maxima Duchesne extract on motor coordination and memory impairment induced by scopolamine in rats
Authors: Asgharzadeh Najmeh , Azizi Fatemeh , Hojjati Mohammadreza , Roohi Leila , Rabiei Zahra , Shahrani-Korani Mehrdad
Published: February 2025

Background and aims: Cucurbita maxima Duchesne is a member of the Cucurbita genus within the Cucurbitaceae family. The consumption of C. maxima (CM) offers several health benefits due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties, as well as its rich content of bioactive compounds. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the effects of CM extract on motor coordination and memory deficits induced by scopolamine (SCOP). Methods: In this experimental study, 56 Wistar rats were divided into eight groups. To induce memory impairment, SCOP was administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight via intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) daily for 21 consecutive days. A hydroalcoholic extract of CM was prepared using 70% ethanol and administered at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg (i.p.) for the same duration. The effects were evaluated using the shuttle box, Morris water maze (MWM), and rotarod tests. Additionally, serum and brain levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured. Results: The results from the MWM indicated that animals receiving SCOP along with CM extract at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg spent significantly more time on the target platform compared to the SCOP-only group. In the shuttle box test, the secondary latency time of rats treated with SCOP and CM extract at the same concentrations was significantly longer than that of the SCOP group. Additionally, no significant effects were observed on motor coordination. The CM extract at concentrations of 50 and 200 mg/kg significantly reduced brain levels of MDA and increased TAC compared to the SCOP group. Conclusion: Cucurbita maxima extract effectively improves memory deficits induced by SCOP by reducing oxidative stress.
Climate change’s impact on the nervous system: A review study
Authors: Sadeghi Mohammad-Reza , Ghannadi Parna , Lotfi Alireza , Ashayeri Hamidreza
Published: February 2025

Background: Global warming is caused by increased carbon dioxide and other industrial gases, which shift the climate of human habitat and environment, impacting human health globally. In this review, we tried to overview the current knowledge of climate change’s impact on neurological disease. Methods: A comprehensive search on PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), and Scopus was conducted to find the relevant original studies. Language, sex, age, date, or country of study were not restricted. Included studies report increased Alzheimer’s disease mortality and hospital admission. Results: This increase was seen from the first day with high temperature to 3-4 days later. Parkinson’s disease (PD) subjects were more vulnerable to high temperatures compared to dementia patients (RR for dementia: 1.29 and for PD: 1.41). Global warming was linked to the increase in the incidence of Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) (from 0.1% to 5.4%), Japanese encephalitis (OR: 2 when floods occur), and ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) (RR: 1.62 for each 1 ◦C increase per month). Conclusion: Health-related consequences of climate change are inevitable. The burden of medical problems related to the elderly population (especially the elderly with dementia), infectious diseases, and CFP on the healthcare system will naturally increase. Studying global warming trends could empower us with more precise predictions of the future and better planning to face climate change-related challenges.
A pragmatic multi-setting healthy lifestyle intervention to improve BMI status in a middle-income population: A potential strategy for individuals at risk
Authors: Yari-Boroujeni Reza , Cheraghi Leila , Parvin Parnian , Shiravi Fatemeh , Masihay-Akbar Hasti , Momenan Amirabbas , Ghanbarian Arash , Mirmiran Parvin , Khalili Davood , Azizi Fereidoun , Amiri Parisa
Published: February 2025

Background: To evaluate a multi-setting lifestyle intervention’s effect on body mass index (BMI) across the entire spectrum in a middle-income adult population over 15 years. Methods: This pragmatic interventional study included 5153 adults (≥20 years) from a middle-income community, followed for over 15 years with five follow-ups. A multi-setting intervention (school, family, community) aimed to promote healthy lifestyles. The lambda-mu sigma (LMS) method and quantile regression model were used to analyze changes in BMI percentiles (10th-90th) by sex and intervention group. Results: The intervention showed modest effects on BMI percentiles. In men, it lowered BMI at the 40th and 70th percentiles (overweight/obesity onset) at the first follow-up (β=-0.16, 95% CI: -0.33, -0.001 and β=-0.21, 95% CI: -0.38, -0.04 respectively). In women, the effect emerged later (second follow-up) at the 20th (β=-0.39, 95% CI: -0.60, -0.18), 30th (β=-0.27, 95% CI: -0.49, -0.04), and 60th (β=-0.20, 95% CI: -0.39, -0.02) percentiles (overweight risk), extending to more overweight percentiles (20th-50th) in the third follow-up (βs ranged from -0.28 until -0.26). Conclusion: Our results indicated the effectiveness of a practical lifestyle intervention to control rising trend of BMI at the onset of overweight and obesity in a middle-income population. These findings can be useful for planning obesity prevention programs in communities with similar socioeconomic statuses.
Duplibiotic Effect of Extract From Cydonia oblonga Mill
Authors: Mehrabani Natanzi Mahboobeh , Enteshari Najafabadi Maryam , Zhalehjoo Naghmeh , Khodaii Zohreh
Published: February 2025

Background: The potential of polyphenols to enhance the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria through direct co-utilization by bacteria and their ability to inhibit pathogenic species is a topic of significant interest. Recently, the term "Duplibiotic" has been proposed to describe a non-absorbable substance that regulates the gastrointestinal microbiome through both antimicrobial and prebiotic mechanisms. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prebiotic and antipathogenic effects of the aqueous extract of Cydonia oblonga Mill. Materials and Methods: This study examined the impact of an extract derived from C. oblonga Mill, a medicinal plant from the Rosaceae family, on the proliferation of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus reuteri, as well as its antibacterial properties against six bacteria (enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, Clostridium difficile, and Streptococcus mutans). Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the C. oblonga Mill extract against these six bacteria was determined. Results: In general, various extract concentrations of the C. oblonga Mill were found to inhibit the growth of enterohemorrhagic E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, C. difficile, and S. mutans, while significantly enhancing the growth of L. plantarum, L. reuteri, and L. acidophilus. Conclusion: The primary components of C. oblonga such as polyphenols may have a significant impact on biological properties. We suggest that the extract of C. oblonga Mill be considered a "Duplibiotic" compound, which refers to a non-absorbable substrate that modulates the gut microbiota through both antimicrobial and prebiotic mechanisms. The Duplibiotic effect of polyphenols is believed to contribute to reducing metabolic disorders and intestinal dysbiosis, positioning these compounds as nutritional interventions with medicinal capability.
Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Shaterian Negar , Sefidfard Mina , Abdoli Amir , Taghipour Ali
Published: February 2025

Background: Although various factors play a role in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), infectious agents, such as Toxoplasma gondii, are suggested as a risk factor. Objectives: To further describe the relationship between T. gondii and SLE, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of case reports, cross-sectional studies, and case-control studies investigating the association between T. gondii and SLE. Materials and Methods: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched for related articles published up to January 1, 2024. Moreover, a random effects meta-analysis model was utilized to determine the combined odds ratio (OR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Nine case reports, six case-control studies (eight datasets), and four cross-sectional records were involved in the present meta-analysis. Considering the nine case reports, the cases were reported from seven countries (two cases in Malaysia, two cases in Japan, one case in Brazil, one case in Israel, one case in Denmark, one case in the USA, and one case in France). The prevalence of T. gondii in female SLE patients was higher (7/9, 77.8%) than in male SLE patients (2/9, 22.2%). However, all these cases were reported in adults. The reported cases were SLE patients who visited the doctor due to various disorders (i.e., visual loss, seizure, confused state, convulsive episode, transient unconsciousness, restlessness, general malaise, muscular pain, decreased appetite, weight loss, fever, dyspnea, psychosomatic reactions, and pulmonary hypertension). Considering cross-sectional studies (four studies) and case groups in case-control studies (six studies including eight datasets), the pooled seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody in SLE patients was calculated to be 31.7% (95% CI, 20.7–45.1%). The outcomes of the present (meta) analysis of case-control reports exhibited a pooled OR of 2.58 (95% CI, 1.52–4.39), signifying that either Toxoplasma infection/exposure could be linked with an increased risk of SLE or patients with SEL have an increased risk of T. gondii infection. Conclusion: Hence, we suggest that additional experimental research utilizing mouse models, along with longitudinal cohort studies in humans, would be helpful in providing further evidence for a potential link between T. gondii infection and SLE. Furthermore, these studies could help determine whether T. gondii infection acts as a co-factor in the onset/development of SLE.
Green Accounting Impact on Profitability in Mining Companies Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Sululing Siswadi , Dako Aulia , Teri Teri
Published: February 2025

The aim of the research is to analyze the effect of green accounting to profitability on mining company listing in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Sample is 20 mining companies between 2017 – 2021. Sample selected using purposive sampling. Data retrived from annual report dan proper rating report. Data analyzed using multiple regression method. The results of research are, envireomental performance has positive and significant effect on profitability and enviroenmental disclosure has no effect on profitability.
The Role of Tourism in Poverty Reduction In the Community of Sumbawa District: a case study of the Mangrove Forest in Dusun Omo Penyaring Village
Authors: Lismula Riska Julianti Ade , Husaini Husaini
Published: February 2025

This study discusses the role of mangrove ecotourism in poverty reduction in the Dusun Omo community, Penyaring Village, Sumbawa Regency. Mangrove ecotourism is one initiative that is considered to be able to provide a positive impact on the welfare of local communities, both through job creation and increased income. This study used a mixed method, with data collected through surveys of communities involved in mangrove tourism, as well as in-depth interviews with stakeholders, such as tourism managers and community leaders. The results of the study showed that the development of mangrove tourism made a significant contribution to reducing poverty levels in Omo Hamlet. As many as 70% of respondents experienced an increase in income, and 25% of previously unemployed people now have jobs in the tourism sector. However, there are several challenges in managing this ecotourism, including the low capacity of local tourism management and the potential for environmental damage to the community. Therefore, further efforts are needed from the government and other stakeholders to ensure the desire for mangrove tourism as a means of poverty alleviation and environmental conservation.
Moving from Logos to Mythos: The Semantics of Firdousi's "Shahnameh" in English Translations of the XIX–XXI centuries in the Focus of Raymond Panikkar's Intercultural Hermeneutics
Authors:   Altai State University, Anikin D.V. , Khalina N.V. ,   Altai State University, Chukanova T.V. ,   Altai State University
Published: February 2025

The authors of the article explore Firdousi's "Shahnameh" as a text that allows English-speaking Western culture to create a system of meanings that immerses it in civilizational semantics based on the rhythm of Being and creates the basis for a dialogue of mind and heart. The rules of Shahnameh dialogue communication and the system of meanings of English-speaking culture are explained on the basis of the provisions of R. Panikkar's intercultural logic. Dialogical dialogue is recognized as the main method of diatopic hermeneutics, which takes the form of a hermeneutic circle of meanings in the study, reveals the results of symbolic transformations and provides evidence of the movement of cognizing consciousness from Logos to Mythos and the achievement of "cosmic confidence" in revealing the structure of linguistic and conceptual reality. In the text of the English translation, homologies stand out - toposes of the intersection of conceptual Persian and English-speaking cultures, signifying the moments of contact and the beginning of modeling the "logic of cultural contact". The logic of cultural contact is equivalent to the degree of immersion of English-speaking culture in the conceptual picture of the Persian culture of interpretation of life and its meaning, presented in the "Shahnameh".
Grammatical Differences between British English and American English
Authors:   Ryazan State University n.a. S. A. Yesenin, Kashcheeva A.V.
Published: February 2025

American English has a strong influence on British English, especially in the field of vocabulary and pronunciation. This article is devoted to comparing the grammatical systems of American and British English in order to identify their features and determine whether there is a similar influence of American grammar on the grammatical structure of British English. In this study, the concept of grammar is used in the traditional sense: it includes morphology (differences in word forms and word formation processes) and syntax. The structures of American grammar are much shorter than the British structures. The American standard has made it possible to introduce many innovations in grammatical constructions, very often in the form of ordering or analogy. Another trend in AmE is towards simplification and deletion. Students of English as a foreign language are usually more familiar with the regularities of the standard grammar of BrE, since it is this variety that is studied most widely; consequently, BrE can be considered as a kind of reference point In the course of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that grammatical differences between the two standards of the English language almost never cause problems with understanding, but rather are perceived as some features of these two standards, which are quite firmly entrenched in each of them.
Ways of Development of Russian Adventure Literature in 1918–1933
Authors:   Pushkin Leningrad State University (St.Petersburg, Russian Federation), Negrash S.V.
Published: February 2025

The article is a brief overview of the main trends in Russian adventure literature in the period from the October Revolution of 1917 till the First All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers held in 1934. The genre-thematic varieties of original works of adventure prose are considered, such as Russian Robinsonade (Z. Davydov), documentary-fiction adventure prose (V. Arsenyev), historical adventure literature (V. Yan, M. Zuev-Ordynec, N. Smirnov), historical and technical texts (B. Zhitkov), “pseudo-translated” novels etc. It identifies currently little-known texts that are really powerful from the literary point of view, whose authors attempted to introduce something new into the adventure genre while working outside the Soviet Russia’s «main stream» of books about the revolution, military adventures, «red Pinkerton» and adhering to the canons of the genre.
Isolation, Identification and Phylogeny of Actinobacteria from Island Soils Using Different Isolation Methods
Authors: Topkara Ahmet Rıdvan , Sarıcaoğlu Salih , Işık Kamil
Published: February 2025

Actinobacteria are one of the most frequently studied prokaryotic groups within the Bacteria domain. In this study, soil samples collected from the islands of Burgazada, Büyükada, Gökçeada, Heybeliada, and Kınalıada were used to isolate, identify, and analyze the phylogeny of Actinobacteria. For the isolation studies, three different isolation methods and 11 different selective media were employed. As a result, a total of 103 bacterial strains were isolated. The molecular identification of the isolated strains was conducted using 16S rRNA gene region sequence analyses. These analyses revealed that the isolates belonged to 12 different genera within the Actinobacteria phylum. Comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates with their closest relatives in the EzBioCloud database indicated a sequence similarity ranging between 95.76% and 100%. The isolation studies demonstrated that the standard dilution plate method was more effective for isolating both diverse genera and potential novel species. The data obtained through this method showed that 22 of the isolated strains, belonging to 8 different genera, have the potential to represent novel species. In conclusion, this study highlights that island soils are an important source for the discovery of new Actinobacteria species. Furthermore, it emphasizes the significance of such isolation studies in uncovering the rich biotechnological potential of Actinobacteria.