bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurship and Innovation: An Empirical Study in Agro-industry
Authors: Hidayat Desman , Pangaribuan Christian Haposan , Putra Okta Bayu Prihatma , Heryatno Roni , Khatibinsani Novan
Published: September 2023

As the backbone of Indonesia’s economy, micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are the vital business to be concerned with. This study aims to determine how entrepreneurship orientation and product innovation affect agro-industry firm performance. This study used a quantitative approach with 157 respondents from MSMEs in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The analysis used structural equation modeling (SEM) with Smart-PLS application. The results showed that entrepreneurial orientation is an important factor that affects firm performance, and product innovation mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance. The article deepens our understanding of the entrepreneurship orientation construct by examining how firm performance is positively impacted and including product innovation as a mediating factor. The results from our sample lend credence to the idea that creating entrepreneurship orientation influences firm performance directly or indirectly through product innovation. This study provides a theoretical and empirical basis on entrepreneurship and innovation in agro-industry.
Progressing but also degrading: The representation of environmental destruction and life in the future in WALL-E
Authors: Pradsmadji Shadia Imanuella , Imanjaya Ekky
Published: September 2023

The sophisticated technology—such as AI, robots, and other automation machines—can be a double-edged dagger. On the one hand, they can help humans and humanity to have a better and easier life. On the other hand, they can lead to environmental problems—from plastic and electronic waste to obesity— and, finally: Environmental destruction. In addition, a movie, including an animated film, can be a valuable and powerful vehicle as an educational tool to raise awareness of environmental issues as it can represent the negative effect of technology on the environment if people do not consider overcoming the ecological problems and maintaining biospheric harmony. This research will focus on the movie WALL-E (Andrew Stanton, 2008) and how it represents environmental damage and future life. By closely reading the film, the authors will analyse the struggle of life in the near future when the Earth is heavily polluted and full of trash and their attempt to return to sustainable well-being.
Designing Digital Color Library as Inventory Media for The Natural Dye of Indonesian Traditional Textile (Study Case: Classical Batik of Yogyakarta)
Authors: Firmansyah Almira
Published: September 2023

Textile coloring using natural colorant has its own unique value on each color results as well as in the color-making creation process itself. In addition to the decorative elements, Indonesian traditional textile also has distinct signature textile culture on its natural dye, for example Batik Klasik Yogyakarta which is well known for its brown soga color, a brownish color obtained from the colorant’s combination of jambal bark (Pelthophorum ferrugineum), tingi bark (Ceriops candolleana), and tegeran wood (Cudrania javanensis). Along with those ingredients, Batik Klasik Yogyakarta also uses indigo plant (Indigofera tinctoria) as its blue colorant and kapur tohor (Calcium Oxide) for pre and post mordant treatment. The designing of “Manékawarna” digital content output as content of mobile application would be a recommendation as it would be a data inventory media of Batik Klasik Yogyakarta natural dye. In order to make the color visual data suitable for digital device, the research requires fabrics dyed with Batik Klasik Yogyakarta natural dye ingredients and technique as samples for color identification study by digitalization method to obtain RGB color value. The natural dye color digital format data is designed to facilitate data preservation and its acquisition by individuals whom have interest on textile natural dye.
Distribution behavior and deportation of arsenic in copper top-blown smelting process
Authors: Jia Wenlei , Li Bo , Zhou Shiwei , Wei Yonggang , Wang Hua
Published: September 2023

In recent years, the impurity content in copper concentrate increases gradually with the consumption of high-grade copper ore. When the arsenic content in the raw materials increases, large amounts of arsenic enter the sulfuric acid system, resulting in large amounts of waste acid that put great pressure on production and environmental protection. Using the distribution characteristics of arsenic in each phase, the possibility of enriching arsenic in the form of stable arsenates in the slag was investigated to enrich arsenic in the form of stable arsenates in the slag. It is shown that increasing CaO content in slag at relatively low temperatures, controlling the slag type and changing the slag composition effectively improved the ability of the slag to absorb arsenic. Based on a theoretical analysis used to optimize the process parameters and determine a reasonable slag type, an oxygen-enriched top-blown smelting experiment was conducted with mixed copper concentrates. The mechanism of arsenic fixation in smelting slag at a smelting temperature of 1180 °C (1453 K) was investigated, and the results showed that the As content in slag was increased by 20∼50% and decreased by 10∼30% and 10∼20% in the dust and matte, respectively. Thus, arsenic is fixed in silicate in the form of stable arsenate, which can be an effective and safe treatment solution for copper smelting processes.
Berufliche Teilhabe nach einer medizinischen Rehabilitation aufgrund
von kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen – Repräsentative
Analysen auf Basis der Routinedaten der Deutschen
Rentenversicherung
Authors: Streibelt Marco , Zollmann Pia , Völler Heinz , Falk Johannes , Salzwedel Annett
Published: September 2023

Ziel der Studie Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen stellen einen
großen Anteil der Krankheitslast der erwachsenen Bevölkerung in
Deutschland dar. Ihre Bedeutung in der Rehabilitation ist in den letzten Jahren
kontinuierlich gestiegen. Das aus der Sicht der Rentenversicherung relevante
Ziel der beruflichen Teilhabe im Anschluss an die Rehabilitation aufgrund
kardiovaskulärer Krankheiten wurde in einzelnen Studien untersucht.
Allerdings fehlen für den deutschen Raum repräsentative
Erkenntnisse zu den Erwerbsverläufen und ihren Einflussfaktoren.

Methodik Die Reha-Statistik-Datenbasis der Deutschen Rentenversicherung
(DRV) wurde verwendet. Eingeschlossen wurden Rehabilitand*innen mit
medizinischer Rehabilitation aufgrund einer kardiovaskulären Erkrankung
in 2017. Die Analysen wurden für die Gesamtgruppe sowie differenziert
nach relevanten Diagnosegruppen durchgeführt. Die berufliche Teilhabe
wurde über eine monatliche Zustandsvariable bis 24 Monate nach der
Rehabilitation und als Quote aller Personen, die nach 12 respektive 24 Monaten
im Erhebungsmonat und den 3 vorhergehenden Monaten sozialversicherungspflichtig
beschäftigt waren, operationalisiert. Für die Analyse der
Einflussfaktoren wurden multiple logistische Regressionsmodelle kalkuliert.

ErgebnisseDie Gesamtstichprobe umfasst 59.667 Rehabilitand*innen.
Das Durchschnittsalter liegt in allen Gruppen zwischen 53 und 56 Jahren.
Männer sind überproportional vertreten. 70% der
Leistungen wurden als Anschlussrehabilitationen und 88% im
stationären Setting erbracht. Die Quoten stabiler Beschäftigung
liegen in der Gesamtgruppe bei 66% nach einem bzw. 63% nach zwei
Jahren (Erkrankungsgruppen: 49% bis 71%). Die stärksten
Einflussfaktoren waren die Höhe des Entgeltes sowie die Anzahl der
Fehltage vor der Rehabilitation, eine Rehabilitation aus einer aktiven
Beschäftigung heraus sowie das Alter.

Schlussfolgerung Für die betrachteten Erkrankungsgruppen liegen
erstmals repräsentative Daten zur beruflichen Teilhabe im Anschluss an
eine Rehabilitation in Trägerschaft der DRV vor. Die Analysen
unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit einer alltagsnahen Schwerpunktsetzung der
beruflichen Perspektive bereits in der medizinischen Rehabilitation bzw. direkt
im Anschluss.
Complications Associated with Alloplastic Materials in Rhinoplasty and Their Operative Management
Authors: Storck Katharina , Kotz Sebastian , Riedel Frank , Veit Johannes
Published: September 2023

Whereas rhinoplasty with a reduction of the dorsum and modification of the tip is a common procedure among Caucasians, augmentation of the dorsum remains a challenge in Asians. Choice of the ideal grafting material for dorsal augmentation is a matter of preference and remains under discussion. Autologous and alloplastic materials have their advantages and disadvantages. We report our experiences of the extrusion of alloplastic materials and their management. We report of 18 patients, who had rhinoplasty in the past for dorsal augmentation with alloplastic material. Augmentation rhinoplasty was performed in Asia (n = 15) and Germany (n = 3). All cases showed recurrent signs of foreign body infection and/or partial extrusion and therefore underwent revision surgery in our centers. Once all patients had been successfully treated with antibiotics, we performed a one-stage revision rhinoplasty with explantation of the alloplastic material and subsequent reconstruction with autologous rib cartilage. The nasal dorsum was augmented with either solid rib cartilage grafts, diced cartilage in fascia, or free diced cartilage in platelet-rich fibrin. All patients received pre-, peri-, and postoperative antibiotics. The outcome was screened via clinical examination, ultrasound examination pre- and postoperatively, two-dimensional/three-dimensional (3D) imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging scans.

Alloplastic augmentation of the nasal dorsum runs the risk of foreign body reaction, recurrent infections, uncontrolled scarring, and unsatisfying long-term results. We have obtained a series of aesthetically and functionally satisfying results after single-stage revision surgery with autologous cartilage and demonstrate a variety of novel postoperative screening tools including 3D imaging and high-frequency ultrasound.

Level of Evidence N/A
Impact of Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography on Patent Ductus Arteriosus Management in a Canadian Tertiary Care Neonatal Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Homedi Abdulaziz , De La Hoz Andrea , Miller Michael R. , Lalitha Renjini , McClean Marisha , Bhattacharya Soume
Published: September 2023

Objective Comprehensive assessment of hemodynamic significance of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common indication to perform targeted neonatal echocardiography (TNE). Impact of implementation of such an assessment on PDA management decisions remains to be reported. The objective of this study is to compare PDA-related hemodynamic information and PDA treatment decisions before and after introduction of TNE service.

Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit in Southwestern Ontario. We investigated two time periods: Epoch-1 (non-TNE 2013–2016) versus Epoch-2 (TNE 2018–2021). We included neonates < 32 weeks with PDA. Data on baseline clinical characteristics, PDA-related echocardiographic parameters, PDA treatment details, and relevant long-term outcomes were collected. Primary outcome was defined as PDA treatment rates and need for multiple courses. Secondary outcomes included availability of PDA hemodynamic data and neonatal mortality/morbidity (PDA-related)

Results A total of 275 neonates were included. A total of 162 were assessed by conventional echocardiography in Epoch-1, whereas 113 were assessed by TNE in Epoch-2. Baseline clinical characteristics were similar. Epoch-2 had more echocardiographic assessments per patient of 2.7 (±1.8) versus 1.9 (± 1.3), p < 0.001 in Epoch1. The mean postnatal age at first echocardiographic assessment was higher in Epoch-2 (12.7 days [ ± 14.6]) than in Epoch-1 (7.9 days [ ± 10.4]), p < 0.001. Comprehensive hemodynamic assessment of PDA-related echocardiographic parameters such as PDA size, shunt pattern, effect on systemic circulation, and pulmonary circulation were higher in Epoch-2. Overall, PDA treatment rates were comparable in the two time periods. The use of multiple courses of treatment was higher in Epoch-1 than in Epoch-2 (47.8 vs. 31.7%, p = 0.047). In Epoch-1, neonates received PDA treatment earlier than in Epoch-2.

Conclusion With the implementation of the TNE service, increased echocardiographic evaluations per patient were completed with availability of more comprehensive hemodynamic information about PDA. PDA treatment rates were similar in the two epochs, but need for multiple courses were less in TNE era.

Key Points
Tumours Of The Hand
Authors: Sharma Professor S.N. , Tah Dr. R. , Bhatt Dr. H.
Published: September 2023

Ten cases, treated over 4 years period are subject of this study. Of these, four cases are of implantation dermoid, three of giant cell tumour of tendon sheath, two of ganglia and one neurofibroma. Observations of the study are discussed.
Wound Healing Properties of Honey-An Experimental Study
Authors: Kesarwani Dr. R.C. , Kumar Dr. Ajay
Published: September 2023

Properties that accelerate healing are noticed in Honey. It encourages early slough separation, it reduces pain and odour as well as bring about early epithelization and there by early wound healing. Experimental study carried out on 36 albino rats is presented.
The Use Of A Red Rubber Tube As Nostril Splint
Authors: Dhanaraj Dr. Prema
Published: September 2023

This is a simple, effective, inexpensive and easily available substitute for the more conventional acrylic nostril retainer.
Trapezius Myocuteneous Extended As Fasciocutaneous Flap For Neck Contracture
Authors: Banerjee Dr. Chanda , Ray Dr. C. , Karmakar Dr. S.
Published: September 2023

Ten cases of severe post burn contracture are treated with extended horizontal trapezous myocutaneous flap during a period of two years, (1989 to 1991) at I.P.G.M.E. & R., Calcutta. This flap is designed and used, leaving submental area for cover by split skin graft for better asthetic appeal. Results, of this improvisation are superior and give a near normal neck chin contour.
Review of the Russian-language academic literature on university rankings and a global perspective
Authors: Kochetkov Dmitry
Published: September 2023

This year marks 10 years since the start of the Project 5top100. The key goal of the project was the entry of five Russian universities into the top 100 global university rankings; respectively, the rankings have firmly entered the Russian academic and public discourses. This article is aimed at answering the question of how university rankings are interpreted in Russia. We conducted a rigorous peer review of Russian-language academic literature. This part of Russian academic discourse is usually closed for international readership. We have reviewed 64 relevant articles and concluded that most Russian authors consider rankings in terms of competitiveness. Ranking methodology and interpretation are taken uncritically in this case. The review was also supplemented by a brief overview of the global perspective based on major statements in responsible research evaluation. This part of the literature suggests that university rankings should not be used in research evaluation. However, it is still not the case, unfortunately.
Three-state opinion model with mobile agents
Authors: Ferri I. , Gaya-Àvila A. , Díaz-Guilera A.
Published: September 2023

We study an agent-based opinion model with two extreme (opposite) opinion states and a neutral intermediate one. We adjust the relative degree of conviction between extremists and neutrals through a dimensionless parameter called the “neutrality parameter” to investigate its impact on the outcome of the system. In our model, agents move randomly on a plane with periodic boundary conditions and interact with each other only when they are within a fixed distance threshold. We examine different movement mechanisms and their interplay with the neutrality parameter. Our results show that in general, mobility promotes the global consensus, especially for extreme opinions. However, it takes significantly less time to reach a consensus on the neutral opinion.
Fractal and fractional SIS model for syphilis data
Authors: Gabrick Enrique C. , Sayari Elaheh , Souza Diogo L. M. , Borges Fernando S. , Trobia José , Lenzi Ervin K. , Batista Antonio M.
Published: September 2023

This work studies the SIS model extended by fractional and fractal derivatives. We obtain explicit solutions for the standard and fractal formulations; for the fractional case, we study numerical solutions. As a real data example, we consider the Brazilian syphilis data from 2011 to 2021. We fit the data by considering the three variations of the model. Our fit suggests a recovery period of 11.6 days and a reproduction ratio (R0) equal to 6.5. By calculating the correlation coefficient (r) between the real data and the theoretical points, our results suggest that the fractal model presents a higher r compared to the standard or fractional case. The fractal formulation is improved when two different fractal orders with distinguishing weights are considered. This modification in the model provides a better description of the data and improves the correlation coefficient.
Real-time laser spot detection and tracking system based on parallel multi-target detection and determination algorithm
Authors: Cao Jia , Chen Yang , Yu De , Xu Zheng , Hu Xiaopin , Liang Yongjing , Pan Song , Wu Dawei
Published: September 2023

Laser spot detection and tracking play a critical role in laser techniques. However, traditional detection and tracking systems tend to be bulky and lack portability. Therefore, there is a growing emphasis on developing high-performance and miniaturized systems based on the field programmable gate array (FPGA). In this paper, a novel parallel multi-target detection and determination algorithm is proposed to address the issue of current FPGA-based systems’ ineffective detection of laser spots in complex environments. Our simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm can effectively detect laser spots in complex environments. It can process a frame with an 800 × 480 resolution in only 7.88 ms at a 50 MHz image processing frequency, which means it can process more than 100 f/s and meet the real-time detection requirements. Such excellent detection performance is challenging to achieve with central processing units and advanced RISC machine microprocessors. Then, the algorithm is further deployed on an FPGA to build a prototype laser spot detection and tracking system. Practical tests show that the system can achieve a spot detection accuracy of around 90% under different luminous intensities, indicating excellent robustness of the designed algorithm. Besides, with the use of a piezoelectric actuator, speedy and precise tracking of the laser spot is implemented. The characteristics of speedy response, self-latching in power off, and no electromagnetic interference of the piezoelectric actuator give the system tremendous advantages in developing high-precision wireless communication control technology, which further broadens the application of the proposed system.
How does carbon trading scheme affect carbon emissions and economic performance of electricity cross-subsidy reform: A recursive dynamic CGE model in China
Authors: Xin-gang Zhao , Shuran Hu , Wenbin Zhang , Wei Wang , Wenjie Lu
Published: September 2023

Currently, the reform of electricity cross-subsidies on the sales side is a crucial task in the market-oriented process. The resulting electricity prices, which reflect the true value, can not only enhance resource allocation efficiency but also contribute to increased carbon emissions. Consequently, it is imperative to actively pursue carbon trading policies to address this issue. In this study, we examined the reformed electricity prices for industrial and residential users by applying the Ramsey pricing model. Moreover, a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model is employed to analyze the carbon emissions and economic performance of the cross-subsidy reform under different settings of the quota decline scheme, quota allocation mode, and penalty mechanism within the carbon emissions trading scheme. The results demonstrate the following findings: (1) The calculated Ramsey prices for industrial and residential users are 0.541 and 0.792 yuan/kWh, respectively. (2) Implementation of the electricity cross-subsidy reform can lead to a significant increment in CO2 emission. However, it effectively improves national economic and social development and promotes the growth of gross domestic product, industrial output, and changes in residential consumption expenditure structure. (3) Carbon trading proves to be an effective means to achieve carbon emission reduction at a lower economic cost after the reform. Notably, the degree of impact is more sensitive to the carbon decline factor.
Low-profile shared-aperture metasurface array antenna with ultra-wideband radar cross section reduction and circularly polarization
Authors: Zhang Zhiyun , Zhou Yulong , Li Tong , Li Sijia , Yang Huanhuan , Tian Jianghao , Cao Xiangyu
Published: September 2023

This paper proposes a circularly-polarized (CP) metasurface antenna with ultra-wideband radar cross section (RCS) reduction. Initially, the relationship between RCS reduction and phase difference with different reflection amplitudes is analyzed theoretically. Inspired by the shared-aperture principle, a high-frequency resistive layer is introduced into the antenna element to further fulfill ultra-wideband RCS reduction and low-profile requirements. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the inserted layer has no effect on the radiation performance of the antenna array. Then, the proposed element and its orthogonal unit are arranged in a checkerboard pattern for good CP radiation. In this configuration, the proposed metasurface array antenna has a maximum gain of 16.7 dBi with 72.1% aperture efficiency. The bandwidth of 5 dB RCS reduction with x- and y-polarized incidences is 7.10–17.95 GHz and 7.34–17.85 GHz, respectively. The proposed design is verified by the fabrication of prototype antennas and measurements.
Layered semimetal electrodes for future heterogeneous electronics
Authors: Biswal Bubunu , Rajarapu Ramesh , Poudyal Saroj , Yadav Renu , Barman Prahalad Kanti , Mandal Manasi , Singh Ravi Prakash , Nanda B. R. K. , Misra Abhishek
Published: September 2023

Integration of the emerging layered materials with the existing CMOS platform is a promising solution to enhance the performance and functionalities of the future CMOS based integrated circuits. In this direction, we have experimentally studied the suitability of the layered semimetals, namely, Td-WTe2, 1T′-MoTe2, 1T-PtTe2, and 1T-PtSe2, as an electrode with two most commonly used semiconductors, i.e., silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) used in the CMOS technology. Two kinds of devices, i.e., metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) capacitors and metal-semiconductor (MS) diodes, are investigated with these semimetals as a conducting electrode. Through detailed electrical and physical characterizations, it is established that these semimetals form excellent interface with the underneath dielectric (SiO2) in the MOS structure and with the semiconductor (Ge) in the MS diode. Near ideal CV curves of MOS devices and large ON-current in the MS diodes signify that these semimetals act perfectly well as a contact electrode. Reduction in the Schottky barrier height of the MS diodes with decreasing values of the semimetal WF suggests the excellent interface of these semimetals with the Ge substrate. Most importantly, these semimetals do not add any unwanted series resistance across the current conduction path in the diode. Guided by these experimental observations, we propose that these semimetals can indeed be integrated with conventional CMOS platform, thus paving a way for an era of CMOS based heterogeneous electronics.
Rapid swimmer using explosive boiling due to electrical discharge in water
Authors: Sugioka Hideyuki , Arai Yuki
Published: September 2023

A strong micro heat engine that can be used in the untethered state is essential for next-generation microrobotics. Here, we propose a rapid swimmer using explosive boiling due to electrical discharge in water. Specifically, we demonstrate that the water-repellent swimmer that has an aluminum discharge antenna in the rear part can swim with the maximum velocity of ∼14 cm/s on the water surface like a water strider between a pair of parallel electrodes in a shallow water pool by applying direct current high-voltage pulses repeatedly. Moreover, by the video observation with high speed (960 fps), we found that an asymmetrical wave was generated immediately after the discharge, and it propelled the swimmer. Our findings should contribute to next-generation microrobots in the future.
A quantum chemical investigation of the second hyperpolarizability of p-nitroaniline
Authors: Kaka Komlanvi Sèvi , Beaujean Pierre , Castet Frédéric , Champagne Benoît
Published: September 2023

Recent measurements of the third harmonic scattering responses of molecules have given a new impetus for computing molecular second hyperpolarizabilities (γ) and for deducing structure–property relationships. This paper has employed a variety of wavefunction and density functional theory methods to evaluate the second hyperpolarizability of the p-nitroaniline prototypical push-pull π-conjugated molecule, addressing also numerical aspects, such as the selection of an integration grid and the impact of the order of differentiation vs the achievable accuracy by using the Romberg quadrature. The reliability of the different methods has been assessed by comparison to reference Coupled-Cluster Singles and Doubles with perturbative treatment of the Triples results. On the one hand, among wavefunction methods, the MP2 scheme offers the best accuracy/cost ratio for computing the static γ. On the other hand, using density functional theory, γ remains a challenging property to compute because all conventional, global hybrid or range-separated hybrid, exchange–correlation functionals underestimate static γ values by at least 15%. Even tuning the range-separating parameter to minimize the delocalization errors does not enable to improve the γ values. Nevertheless, the original double-hybrid B2-PLYP functional, which benefits from 27% of PT2 correlation and 53% Hartree–Fock exchange, provides accurate estimates of static γ values. Unfortunately, the best performing exchange–correlation functionals for γ are not necessarily reliable for the first hyperpolarizability, β, and vice versa. In fact, the β of p-nitroaniline (pNA) could be predicted, with a good accuracy, with several hybrid exchange–correlation functionals (including by tuning the range-separating parameter), but these systematically underestimate γ. As for γ, the MP2 wavefunction method remains the best compromise to evaluate the first hyperpolarizability of pNA at low computational cost.
Electroluminescence hyperspectral imaging of light-emitting diodes using a liquid crystal tunable filter
Authors: Edwards Paul R. , Bruckbauer Jochen , Cameron Douglas , Martin Robert W.
Published: September 2023

We demonstrate the use of a low-cost liquid-crystal-based wavelength-tunable filter and CMOS video camera to add hyperspectral imaging capabilities to a probe station equipped with a simple optical microscope. The resultant setup is used to rapidly resolve the spectral and spatial variations in electroluminescence typically observed for InxGa1−xN/GaN light-emitting diodes. Applying standard statistical analyses of variation within the multivariate datasets, such as moments and principal components, we observe inhomogeneities on a spectral scale significantly smaller than the bandwidth of the tunable filter. The resultant tool offers an alternative to scanning beam luminescence techniques for high-throughput hyperspectral analysis of optoelectronic devices.
Third-harmonic scattering optical activity: QED theory, symmetry considerations, and quantum chemistry applications in the framework of response theory
Authors: Bonvicini Andrea , Champagne Benoît
Published: September 2023

In this work, expressions for the third-harmonic scattering optical activity (THS-OA) spectroscopic responses are derived by combining molecular quantum electrodynamics (QED) and response theory, allowing their computational implementation. The QED theory of THS-OA presented here is meant to be an extension of a previous study by Andrews [Symmetry 12, 1466 (2020)]. In particular, the THS-OA phenomena are described within the Power–Zienau–Woolley multipolar Hamiltonian by including the electric-dipole, magnetic-dipole, and electric-quadrupole interactions for the absorption as well as the emission processes between the dynamic electromagnetic field (the photons) and matter. Moreover, we derive the expressions for the differential scattering ratios as a function of the scattering angle defined by the wavevectors of the incident and scattered photons. We show how the pure and mixed second hyperpolarizabilities can be obtained in the framework of response theory as specific cases of a generic cubic response function, thus enabling the computational implementation of THS-OA spectroscopy. We prove the origin-independence of the theory for exact wavefunctions. Preliminary computations on a prototype chiral molecule (methyloxirane) are considered together with an analysis of the basis set convergence and of the origin-dependence.
Topology switching during window thresholding fMRI-based functional networks of patients with major depressive disorder: Consensus network approach
Authors: Pisarchik Alexander N. , Andreev Andrey V. , Kurkin Semen A. , Stoyanov Drozdstoy , Badarin Artem A. , Paunova Rossitsa , Hramov Alexander E.
Published: September 2023

We present a novel method for analyzing brain functional networks using functional magnetic resonance imaging data, which involves utilizing consensus networks. In this study, we compare our approach to a standard group-based method for patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) and a healthy control group, taking into account different levels of connectivity. Our findings demonstrate that the consensus network approach uncovers distinct characteristics in network measures and degree distributions when considering connection strengths. In the healthy control group, as connection strengths increase, we observe a transition in the network topology from a combination of scale-free and random topologies to a small-world topology. Conversely, the MDD group exhibits uncertainty in weak connections, while strong connections display small-world properties. In contrast, the group-based approach does not exhibit significant differences in behavior between the two groups. However, it does indicate a transition in topology from a scale-free-like structure to a combination of small-world and scale-free topologies. The use of the consensus network approach also holds immense potential for the classification of MDD patients, as it unveils substantial distinctions between the two groups.
Biochemical models of SIR and SIRS: Effects of bilinear incidence rate on infection-free and endemic states
Authors: Aybar Orhan Ozgur
Published: September 2023

Understanding and forecasting the progression of disease epidemics is possible through the study of nonlinear epidemic biochemical models that describe the relationship among susceptible, infected, and immune individuals in a population. In this paper, by determining the algebraic invariant planes and studying the Hopf bifurcation on these invariant planes, we study the stability of the Hopf bifurcation in the infection-free and endemic states of the SIR and SIRS epidemic models with bilinear incidence rate. We analyze the stability of the limit cycles of the bilinear incidence SIR and SIRS models at the steady state point where infection vanishes and at the endemic steady state point where the system behaves in an oscillatory manner. We demonstrate the algebraic results by numerical simulations for parameter values that satisfy the conditions for both free and endemic states.
Hydrodynamic performance analysis of undulating fin propulsion
Authors: Wei Chang , Hu Qiao , Li Shijie , Zhang Tangjia , Shi Xindong
Published: September 2023

A desire to further comprehend the hydrodynamic characteristics of three-dimensional undulating fin propulsion is what motivates the work. First, a high-resolution numerical technique based on the constraint immersed boundary method is utilized to simulate the fluid-fin system. The simulation results reveal fundamental variation laws between the hydrodynamic performance of the undulating fin and kinematic parameters. According to the simulation data, an in-depth analysis of the scaling law is conducted. A key contribution of this work is to build the force scaling formula and extend the law to complicated cases involving different incoming flow velocities. The important application of the force scaling law is that it can be used to estimate the self-propelled speed and wave efficiency of the undulating fin in different kinematic conditions. The results show that the wave efficiency exhibits a monotonically bounded increasing trend as the amplitude grows, is basically independent of the frequency, and decreases monotonically with the increasing wavelength. Finally, the work discusses the evolution of vortex structures in undulating fin propulsion. The analysis indicates that the streamwise central jet formed throughout the fin body is the primary reason for thrust generation in undulating fin propulsion. Furthermore, the basic dynamic mechanisms of two types of vortex rings, related to the formation of the central jet, are investigated in the work. The results further reveal the macro-interaction mechanism between the undulating fin and fluid flow. The findings could make a contribution to explaining some biological phenomena and developing bionic engineering.
Low-cycle fatigue mashing behaviours of HTRB630 high-strength steel exposed to high temperatures
Authors: Gao Li , Zhuang Mei-Ling , Zuo Gong , Sun Chuanzhi
Published: September 2023

The tensile test and low-cycle fatigue test of HTRB630 high-strength steel bars after high-temperature exposure were investigated. Based on the plastic strain energy density theory of mashing behaviours, the values of parameters K and n in the Ramberg–Osgood stress–strain relationship were obtained. The Coffin–Manson model was modified for further modelling of specimens exposed to different temperatures. A fitted formula for the relationship between the plastic strain energy density and fatigue life of HTRB630 high-strength steel bar specimens was established. The parameters obtained in this study can provide a reference for further investigation of the seismic performance of HTRB630 steel bars reinforced concrete structures after exposure to high temperatures.
Observations in quantum cosmology
Authors: Chataignier Leonardo , Kiefer Claus , Moniz Paulo
Published: September 2023

In this review, we focus on whether a canonical quantization of general relativity can produce testable predictions for cosmology. In particular, we examine how this approach can be used to model the evolution of primordial perturbations. This program of quantum geometrodynamics, first advocated by John Wheeler and Bryce DeWitt, has a straightforward classical limit, and it describes the quantum dynamics of all fields, gravitational and matter. In this context, in which a classical background metric is absent, it is necessary to discuss what constitutes an observation. We first address this issue in the classical theory and then turn to the quantum theory. We argue that predictions are relational, that is, relative to physical clocks and rods, and that they can be straightforwardly obtained in a perturbative approach with respect to Newton’s constant, which serves as a coupling parameter. This weak-coupling expansion leads to a perturbative Hilbert space for quantum cosmology, and to corrections to the dynamics of quantum fields on a classical, fixed background metric. These corrections imply modifications of primordial power spectra, which may lead to signatures in the anisotropy spectrum of the cosmic microwave background radiation, for which we discuss concrete results. We conclude that the subject of quantum geometrodynamics, the oldest and most conservative approach to canonical quantum gravity, not only illuminates conceptual issues in quantum gravitation, but may also lead to observational prospects in cosmology and elsewhere.
Modeling thermoreflectance in Au and Ni from molecular dynamics
Authors: Malingre Maxime , Proville Laurent
Published: September 2023

Experimental thermoreflectance measurements using femto-second laser irradiation (Hopkins et al 2011 J. Heat Transfer
133 044505) can be used to shed light on the electron-phonon coupling in metals through a selective excitation of electrons. In these experiments the energy transfer occurs at a time scale of pico-seconds which corresponds to the typical time scale of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. However since the electron-phonon coupling is, generally, not taken into account in MD simulations, it is in principle not possible to model thermoreflectance as well as other properties related to electron-phonon coupling such as electric conductivity and thermal transport. Here we show that it is however possible to extend MD using a method proposed by Finnis, Agnew and Foreman (FAF) (Finnis et al 1991 Phys. Rev. B 44 567–74), originally implemented in order to account for electronic stopping power in particle irradiation. Although the FAF method was devoted to model high energy atomic displacements yielding local melt of the crystal, we have been able to reproduce pulsed-laser irradiation experiments at room temperature. Our computations were realized in both Au and Ni to exemplify the transferability of our results. The agreement between the calculations and the experimental results allowed us to discuss different theories for computing the amplitude of electron-phonon coupling and to select the more appropriate according to FAF. Our work paves the way to re-introduce the phenomenology of electric conductivity in MD simulations for metals.
Research on early fault feature extraction technology of aviation bearing based on noise estimation ITD
Authors: Ma Jianpeng , Li Zhen , Xia Changtao , Yu Qingjie , Zhan Liwei
Published: September 2023

Early indications of faults in aircraft bearings are frequently accompanied by excessive noise. To enhance the accuracy of signal decomposition, this study presents the ensemble noise-reconstructed intrinsic time-scale decomposition (ENITD) technique. In addition, a highly sensitive mode component selection method is suggested to attain the goal of improving the precision of fault feature extraction. The findings demonstrate that the ENITD approach is successful in addressing the mode mixing issue and enhancing the precision of fault feature extraction. Unlike established decomposition methods, the estimated noise is applied for denoising instead of incorporating white noise. Furthermore, the estimated noise can introduce diverse frequency signals to their corresponding proper rotation component (PRCs), aiding in resolving the mode mixing problem. This paper examines the efficacy of the ENITD approach for extracting early fault features in aircraft bearings using both simulated and experimental signals.
Demonstration of the refraction of magnetic field lines in a magnetic material
Authors: Grebenev I V , Kazarin P V
Published: September 2023

Teaching physics needs effective educational demonstrations for each important section, which allow organising intensive learning activity of students and confirming or substantiating the theory being studied. However, in a number of cases, such demonstrations are not available for purely technical reasons: the difficulty of organisation, the lack of instruments and materials suitable for conducting simple educational experiments. The impossibility to demonstrate the effect of refraction of magnetic field lines at the boundaries of magnets is due to the absence of materials with a convenient value of magnetic permeability μ of the order of several units. This article describes a simple method for obtaining material with an effective macroscopic value of μ
r ∼ 2 and provides the results of the related lecture demonstrations.
Content, interest and the role of engagement: experienced science teachers discuss
Authors: Abrahamsson Cristian , Malmberg Claes , Pendrill Ann-Marie
Published: September 2023

How do science teachers perceive student engagement and its importance for teaching and what strategies do they use to create it? When 21 experienced science teachers in 4 focus groups discussed these questions, they brought up behavioural aspects, but also less visible emotional and cognitive aspects, as well as reciprocal aspects of teacher and student engagement. One teacher described engagement as ‘the oil in the machinery’ during lessons. Which role does the curricular content play? Well aware that some topics are seen as more directly interesting by students, teachers connect to these, but also use hooks, including lively demonstrations, role play and connections to the outside world. In this way, they aim to generate situational interest and engagement also in topics that are often viewed as less interesting, including atoms and molecules. These experienced teachers describe how they adapt their teaching to the group also in real time, based on the degree of engagement exhibited by the students.
The spinning toilet brush–a classroom experiment on the mechanical equivalent of Joule’s heat
Authors: Boczianowski Franz , Priemer Burkhard
Published: September 2023

Although Joule’s experiment on the mechanical equivalent of heat is well known and discussed in many introductory physics courses and textbooks, we are not aware of any version of this experiment that can be set up by lecturers or teachers using standard laboratory equipment. To fill this gap, we present a setup quite similar to Joule’s original experiment and show what kind of quantitative results can be obtained with it. It will be shown that temperature control is a major challenge, making Joule’s work even more impressive.
Collision of a ball with a wood block: question
Authors: Cross Rod
Published: September 2023

A tall block of wood is at rest on a table. A ball is projected in a horizontal direction to impact the block. The block falls over but it can do so in various ways depending on the impact point and the impact speed, both of which affect the translational and rotational motion of both the block and the ball.
Analysis and prediction of liver volume change maps derived from computational tomography scans acquired pre- and post-radiation therapy
Authors: Cazoulat Guillaume , Gupta Aashish C , Al Taie Mais M , Koay Eugene J , Brock Kristy K
Published: September 2023

External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) of liver cancers can cause local liver atrophy as a result of tissue damage or hypertrophy as a result of liver regeneration. Predicting those volumetric changes would enable new strategies for liver function preservation during treatment planning. However, understanding of the spatial dose/volume relationship is still limited. This study leverages the use of deep learning-based segmentation and biomechanical deformable image registration (DIR) to analyze and predict this relationship. Pre- and Post-EBRT imaging data were collected for 100 patients treated for hepatocellular carcinomas, cholangiocarcinoma or CRC with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with prescription doses ranging from 50 to 100 Gy delivered in 10–28 fractions. For each patient, DIR between the portal and venous (PV) phase of a diagnostic computed tomography (CT) scan acquired before radiation therapy (RT) planning, and a PV phase of a diagnostic CT scan acquired after the end of RT (on average 147 ± 36 d) was performed to calculate Jacobian maps representing volume changes in the liver. These volume change maps were used: (i): to analyze the dose/volume relationship in the whole liver and individual Couinaud’s segments; and (ii): to investigate the use of deep-learning to predict a Jacobian map solely based on the pre-RT diagnostic CT and planned dose distribution. Moderate correlations between mean equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions (EQD2) and volume change was observed for all liver sub-regions analyzed individually with Pearson correlation r ranging from −0.36 to −067. The predicted volume change maps showed a significantly stronger voxel-wise correlation with the DIR-based volume change maps than when considering the original EQD2 distribution (0.63 ± 0.24 versus 0.55 ± 23, respectively), demonstrating the ability of the proposed approach to establish complex relationships between planned dose and liver volume response months after treatment, which represents a promising prediction tool for the development of future adaptive and personalized liver radiation therapy strategies.
Atrial fibrillation detection with signal decomposition and dilated residual neural network
Authors: Li Yicheng , Xia Yong
Published: September 2023

Objective. Detecting atrial fibrillation (AF) using electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings from wearable devices has been challenging due to factors such as low signal-to-noise ratio and the use of only one lead. The use of deep learning has become a popular approach to tackle this task. However, it has been observed that current methods based on deep neural networks tend to favor raw signals as input, disregarding the valuable clinical experience in ECG diagnosis. Approach. In this study, we proposed a novel feature extraction method that generates a pseudo QRS complex signal and a pseudo T, P wave signal for each raw ECG signal using a temporal mask built upon R peak detection. Then a novel dilated residual neural network was trained on the decomposed signal. Main results. We evaluated the performance of our method on the dataset of PhysioNet/CinC 2017 Challenge, achieving an average

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score of 0.843. The method was further tested on MIT-BIH Atrial Fibrillation Database, and an average

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score of 0.984 was obtained. Significance. Our proposed ECG signal decomposition technique introduces simple and reliable domain knowledge into deep neural networks, and the dilated residual network provides large and flexible receptive fields, thereby enhancing the performance in the detection of AF. Our method can be extended to many other tasks involving ECG signals.
(Slow-)twisting inflationary attractors
Authors: Christodoulidis Perseas , Rosati Robert
Published: September 2023

We explore in detail the dynamics of multi-field inflationary models. We first revisit the two-field case and rederive the coordinate independent expression for the attractor solution with either small or large turn rate, emphasizing the role of isometries for the existence of rapid-turn solutions.
Then, for three fields in the slow-twist regime we provide elegant expressions for the attractor solution for generic field-space geometries and potentials and study the behaviour of first order perturbations. For generic 𝒩-field models, our method quickly grows in algebraic complexity. We observe that field-space isometries are common in the literature and are able to obtain the attractor solutions and deduce stability for some isometry classes of 𝒩-field models. Finally, we apply our discussion to concrete supergravity models. These analyses conclusively demonstrate the existence of 𝒩 > 2 dynamical attractors distinct from the two-field case, and provide tools useful for future studies of their phenomenology in the cosmic microwave background and stochastic gravitational wave spectrum.