bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Health Motivation: A Concept Analysis Using the Walker and Avant Method
Authors: Tang Jian , Tian Min , Cheng Jing , Mao Xianjun , Chen Yanhua
Published: February 2025

Purpose:The purpose of the study is to propose a new conceptual definition for cognitive health motivation and identify its attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents.Methods:Walker and Avant’s method was used to analyze the concept of cognitive health motivation. The PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and CQVIP Chinese Journals Platform databases were searched. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 checklist was used.Results:Five attributes of the concept of cognitive health motivation were identified: cognitive health beliefs, cognitive health intentions, perception of cognitive health risks, perception of cognitive health benefits, and dynamically evolving. The antecedents are knowledge related to cognitive health, cognitive health assessment, and cognitive decline. The consequences are cognitive health behavior, cognitive health enhancement, and successful cognitive aging. Based on these attributes, a conceptual definition was proposed.Conclusion:In the context of aging, a clarified definition of cognitive health motivation will aid in understanding the concept, explaining the process of changes in cognitive health behavior, providing guidance for the implementation of cognitive health interventions, and improving cognitive health.
Optimizing soils, pasture and grassland management for organic dairy farming
Authors:   Duchy College, UK, Roderick Stephen , Jones Hannah ,   Farm Carbon Toolkit, UK
Published: February 2025

Organic dairy cows should be able to rely on homegrown forages, especially pasture, as their main source of nutrition. A critical aim is to ensure cows have the optimum body condition at calving and inevitable lactational loss of condition are minimised. Some of the desired attributes of an organic pasture include resilience to variable climatic conditions, the ability to flourish without artificial fertilisers, the potential for climate change mitigation and the supporting of ecological biodiversity. Soil health is key to ensuring effective pasture-based dairy farming and grassland management is critical in this respect. Having the right breed and type of animal for the system and being able to adapt management to meet variations in seasonal and climatic conditions are important factors. In this chapter, rotational grazing systems and the use of diverse species pastures are explored with regards to their practical application and the achievement of organic farming objectives.
Features of severe course of tropical malaria with secondary diseases caused by Klebsiella pneumonia (clinical case)
Authors: Oganyan R. B. , Roganova I. V. , Lyubushkina A. V. , Davlekamova G. R. , Konstantinov D. Yu. , Nikonorov V. A.
Published: February 2025

Relevance. Imported malaria cases in the Russian Federation are detected annually. In the absence or delayed treatment it can lead to patients´ complications and death. The aim of the work is to present and analyze a fatal tropical malaria clinical case with secondary diseases caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Materials and methods. The work was carried out on the basis of the clinic and the Department of Infectious Diseases with Epidemiology of Samara State Medical University. A clinical case of tropical malaria severe course in a patient on the 18th disease day admitted in a malarial algid state. Results. Sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis were found in a patient with tropical malaria. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from the patient's biomaterials. The development of secondary diseases caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae contributed to the patient's condition worsening and the multiple organ failure progression. The late etiotropic treatment led to the multiple organ failure and patient´ death. Conclusions. The clinical example demonstrates the vital need for the epidemiological history correct interpretation, malaria early diagnosis and treatment.
Radiation therapy for recurrence of rhabdomyosarcoma of the parotid salivary gland after surgical removal (clinical case)
Authors: Chernyaev D. V. , Galimov E. V. , Kozin V. A. , Zukov R. A. , Semenov E. V.
Published: February 2025

Relevance. The treatment of soft tissue sarcomas, a rare and diverse type of cancer, requires an integrated approach that involves a multidisciplinary team of specialists. Surgical removal of the primary tumor is recommended in specialized centers after a thorough diagnosis and development of an individualized treatment plan. It is crucial to assess the risk of local recurrence even before surgery and to ensure continuity of care for patients who undergo non-curative operations. Radio- and chemoresistance in sarcomas limits the effectiveness of radiation therapy and chemotherapy, and delays in initiating treatment can worsen the prognosis. However, modern radiotherapy equipment and techniques for reducing radiation doses allow us to overcome resistance in malignant cells and reduce tumor size. Description of the clinical case. A patient with a suspected malignant neoplasm of the right parotid salivary gland underwent surgery, according to the results of the histological examination, and a carcinosarcoma of the salivary gland G3 (pT2N0M0) was confirmed. However, the edge of the resection was not indicated. One month after the surgical removal of the tumor, the patient experienced a local recurrence of the disease. However, they did not receive any further antitumor treatment at that time. Only one year later, they were admitted to an oncological clinic, where they received palliative radiation therapy after verification of the local relapse and consultation with the federal center. The irradiation was carried out in two stages: multifractionated hypofractional irradiation in a single dose of 3.7 Gy twice a day for a total dose of 19 isoGy, followed by a 3-week break and daily hypofractionated irradiation in a single dose of 3 Gy for a total of 61 Gy. Against the background of treatment, we were able to achieve a reduction in tumor mass by 85% compared to the initial size. We also saw a reduction in pain and an improvement in the general somatic status and quality of life of the patient. Unfortunately, this positive response was short-lived due to the aggressiveness of the histological form of the disease. In this clinical case, surgery to remove the residual tumor was not performed. Conclusion. Hypofractionated radiation therapy is an effective treatment option for recurrent rhabdomyosarcoma in the parotid salivary gland, as it allows for a significant reduction in tumor formation. However, due to its biological characteristics and aggressive nature, it requires continuous and urgent comprehensive treatment.
“Libertárias”: Uma Cartografia do Cuidado com Mulheres Usuárias de Drogas
Authors: Cunha Alana Oliveira da , Souza Vitória de Oliveira de , Silva Dipaula Minotto da , Bernardelli Maiton
Published: February 2025

O presente trabalho trata de uma pesquisa-intervenção que objetivou acompanhar os processos de subjetivação, cuidado e autonomia com mulheres usuárias de drogas, a partir da criação de um grupo como dispositivo clínico-político de saúde mental, no município de Criciúma, Santa Catarina. Foi produzida uma pesquisa cartográfica, desenvolvida por meio da elaboração coletiva dos encontros do grupo, com a escrita de um diário de campo e com a escuta afetiva das narrativas. Os resultados são apresentados em duas categorias, identificadas como: romper estigmas e produzir liberdades; e mulheres usuárias e a politização do cuidado de si. Foi evidenciada a necessidade de produzir rupturas no campo da atenção psicossocial, de forma a potencializar as subjetividades das mulheres a partir do exercício do cuidado de si e da politização desse cuidado.
Violência Doméstica Contra a mulher: um Estudo de Representações Sociais com Policiais Militares
Authors: Lago Aldina de Santana , Gomes Nadirlene Pereira , Oliveira Jeane Freitas de , Suto Cleuma Sueli Santos , Virgens Ionara da Rocha , Assunção Alcilene Coutinho Ramos , Lima Viviane de Oliveira Costa
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Identificar a estrutura das representações sociais de policiais militares acerca da violência doméstica contra a mulher. Método: Estudo qualitativo fundamentado na abordagem estrutural da Teoria de Representações Sociais, com 110 policiais da Polícia Militar de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, entre julho/agosto de 2022, com aplicação do Teste de Associação Livre de Palavras e entrevistas semiestruturadas. A análise das evocações utilizou o quadro de quatro casas e a árvore máxima de similitude, configurados no openEvoc e IRaMuTeQ, contextualizada com trechos das entrevistas. Resultados: O processo de análise revelou um conjunto de palavras que objetivam a violência doméstica como decorrente do “machismo” e “dependência” que, por sua vez, gera “desrespeito”, “poder”, “álcool”, “drogas”, “agressão”, “covardia”, “medo”, “impunidade”. Discussões: Para o grupo investigado, a estrutura da representação social da violência doméstica está ancorada em termos que remetem a uma construção social e cultural histórica centrado no machismo. Conclusões: O estudo poderá direcionar ações educativas e políticas públicas para aperfeiçoamento de policiais militares referente a questões de gênero e (res)significação dos atendimentos, favorecendo a melhoria dos serviços e redução dos agravos à saúde das mulheres.
Nutritional Status and Food Neophobia Among Children and Adolescents Assisted by a Non-Governmental Organization
Authors: Marques Débora Vasconcelos Bastos , Rezende Eliane Garcia , Torre Ana Clara da Cruz Della , Silva Thaiany Goulart de Souza e , Gonçalves Ana Paula , Da Silva Lucas André , Toloni Maysa Helena de Aguiar , Lima Daniela Braga
Published: February 2025

Introduction: food neophobia consists of resistance to trying new or different foods, which can lead to malnutrition, especially in childhood and adolescence. Aim: To analyze the nutritional status and the presence of food neophobia in children and adolescents assisted by a non-governmental organization. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, carried out with 80 children and adolescents aged between 5 and 14 years. Guarantees were used to investigate the socioeconomic and health profile, food consumption and anthropometric measurements. The level of neophobia was measured by the Food Neophobia Scale. Student's t and Chi-Square tests were applied with a significance level of 5%. Results: Females accounted for 51.2% of the studied population and the mean age was 8.4 (± 2.31) years. The prevalence of overweight was 38.7%, of which 33.7% had food neophobia. The dietary pattern shows the significant presence of ultra-processed foods and low consumption of vegetables and fruits. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed a considerable percentage of overweight children and a significant presence of food neophobia. Thus, it becomes relevant to implement effective food and nutrition education actions with the aim of encouraging the promotion of adequate and healthy eating habits from childhood onwards.
Procrastinação Acadêmica: Contribuições de Variáveis Demográficas e da Ansiedade Cognitiva de Provas em Universitários Brasileiros
Authors: De Araújo Gleyde Raiane , Araujo Gustavo Oliveira de , Silva Paulo Gregório Nascimento da , Rocha André Sousa , Ximenes Jocélia Medeiros , Cunha Laís Renata Lopes da , Medeiros Paloma Cavalcante Bezerra de , Medeiros Emerson Diógenes de
Published: February 2025

O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar em que medida a ansiedade cognitiva de provas explica a procrastinação acadêmica, controlando o efeito influência das variáveis sexo e idade, em universitários da região Nordeste. A amostra contou com 570 universitários (Midade = 22,43; DP = 5,43; com idades variando de 18 a 56 anos). Esses eram em maioria mulheres (59,5%), de instituições públicas (59,8%), que cursavam em maioria Psicologia (41,8%) e Fisioterapia (11,1%). Utilizou-se a Escala de Ansiedade Cognitiva de Provas, a Escala de Procrastinação de Tuckman e questionário sociodemográfico. Por meio do SPSS, foram realizadas análises de correlação e regressão linear hierárquica. Os resultados indicaram que ansiedade cognitiva de provas e idade contribuíram para a explicação da procrastinação acadêmica, não sendo significativa a contribuição da variável sexo. No modelo final, o conjunto de variáveis explicou 18% da variação total. Conclui-se que o componente cognitivo da ansiedade de provas funciona como fator de risco para o comportamento procrastinador no contexto acadêmico, principalmente em universitários mais jovens.
Features of Evaluating Renal Diffusion-Weighted Images and ASL-Perfusion Results in Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Shkuratov Yu. Yu. , Morozova T. G.
Published: February 2025

Objective: to evaluate the features of renal diffusion-weighted images (DWI) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion results in acute kidney injury (AKI).

Material and methods. In the intensive care unit of Clinical Hospital No. 1 (Smolensk), 58 AKI patients were examined from 2021 to 2024. All patients underwent renal magnetic resonance imaging for 1–3 days with the inclusion of DWI sequences and ASL perfusion as well as ultrasound dopplerography. The control group was formed from 55 healthy volunteers to standardize the obtained results.

Results. The data were analyzed in comparison with AKI causal factor. The statistical results had cut-off thresholds that allowed predicting the cause of AKI, but a comprehensive analysis of the quantitative criterion of renal ASL perfusion, qualitative and quantitative criteria of DWI (r=0.947) was required. ASL perfusion indicators for all etiological causes were statistically significant in comparison with the normal ones (r=0.995). The determination of AKI causal factor was important for the subsequent management of patients: for a prerenal cause, active administration of plasma-substituting solutions, and for a renal one, restrictive infusion therapy tactics were needed. It was also noted that an increase in kidney ASL perfusion values had a positive effect on clinical and laboratory picture of AKI patients (r=0.903).

Conclusion. The feature of joint application of renal DWI and ASL perfusion in AKI is the comprehensive assessment of qualitative and quantitative criteria according to DWI data, and quantitative criterion according to ASL perfusion data. In assessing DWI, color mapping should be used. The complex results of renal DWI and ASL perfusion allow predicting AKI cause.
Medicina de la adicción: Más allá del DSM5
Authors: López-Pelayo Hugo , Miquel Laia , Balcells Oliveró Mercedes
Published: February 2025

Editorial del volumen 36-3
Integrated National Transport Strategy: EDRC Response to Consultation
Authors: Marsden Greg , Higginson Sarah , Pangbourne Kate , Morgan Malcolm , Smith Angela , Sivakumar Aruna , Martiskainen Mari
Published: February 2025

The Integrated National Transport Strategy (INTS) is a critical framework for reshaping how the UK approaches transport across various modes and sectors. Our response outlines a set of key recommendations aimed at improving integration, sustainability and support for local authorities, while addressing both current challenges and future opportunities in the transport landscape
Functional Morphology of Spinosaurus aegyptiacus’ Sail: Thermoregulation, Display or Hydrodynamic?
Authors: Hu Tyler
Published: February 2025

This literature review aims to gain a deeper understanding of Spinosaurus aegyptiacus’s dorsal sail regarding its function as thermoregulation, display, or hydrodynamic. The function of S. aegyptiacus’s dorsal sail has been widely debated for many years. The three most popular hypotheses are that it was used as a biological mechanism of thermoregulation, display, or hydrodynamic. The display hypothesis includes attracting mates, intimidating rivals, and social communication with other members. This literature review delves into each of the three hypotheses using past studies and excavation sites to analyze their validity. For the hydrodynamic aspect, the lifestyle of S. aegyptiacus must first be established. Based on existing research, we cannot conclude that there is a definitive primary function of Spinosaurus aegyptiacus’s dorsal sail. However, it is likely that its sail served the crucial function of display, since it would have a large surface area and could thus be a distinguishable characteristic of S. aegyptiacus that could determine mating success. Additionally, it is probable that the sail had supplementary roles in thermoregulation and hydrodynamics.
Unveiling the Function and Evolutionary Significance of Carnotaurus Horns: A Morphological and Behavioral Study
Authors: Hu Tyler
Published: February 2025

This literature review investigates the morphological and behavioral significance of the horns of Carnotaurus sastrei, a theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous period. Through a comprehensive analysis of fossil specimens, comparative anatomy, and biomechanical modeling, this review explores the evolutionary adaptations and potential functions of these distinctive cranial structures. The horns of Carnotaurus are hypothesized to serve multiple roles, including species recognition, thermoregulation, and intraspecific combat. Our findings suggest that its cranial horns likely served a primary role in species recognition, intimidating rivals and signaling mating readiness. It also could have been used occasionally in head-butting contests, potentially as a display of dominance, but likely did not play a role in thermoregulation. Additionally, we examine the ecological context in which Carnotaurus lived, assessing how environmental factors could have influenced the development of such features. The implications of this study extend to broader discussions on the functional morphology and adaptive strategies of theropod dinosaurs, highlighting the complex relationship between form and function in the evolutionary history of predatory dinosaurs like Carnotaurus sastrei.
Interpretation of Gravity by Entropy
Authors: Fujino Seiji
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we attempt to interpret gravity by entropy. We first introduce generalized entropy, acceleration of its entropy and its partial entropy, and assume that generalized entropy can represent as a second-order polynomial by applying the idea of the logistic function to its entropy. Besides, we define the inverse of partial entropy as the gravitational potential. By applying these concepts, we attempt to explain that 1) gravity becomes constant values within small distance under certain conditions. It is possible that gravity has 5-states within small enough distance. There may exist anti-gravity which is the opposite of Newton's gravity among 5-states. Furthermore, within small distance, we show the possibility that the gravitational potential and the Coulomb potential can treat in the same way, that 2) the rotation speed of the galaxy does not depend on its radius if the radius is within the size level of the universe (The galaxy rotation curve problem), and that 3) the gravitational acceleration toward the center may change at long distance compared to Newton's gravity. We show that it becomes an expansion of Newton's gravity, and that the possibility of the existence of certain constants which control gravity and the speed of galaxies, and that gravity may relate to entropy. It also describes the relationship between the Yukawa type potential and generalized negative partial entropy. Using equations proposed in this paper, it attempts to propose 11-types of forces (accelerations) including the gravitational acceleration $g$ and compare the ratios of the fundamental 4-forces in nature (strong-force, electromagnetic force, weak-force, and gravity). Furthermore, it suggests that there may exist new forces, and that the gravitational constant $G$ can fluctuate if entropy changes. Thermodynamics, quantum, gravity, electromagnetic and ecology may unify through entropy.
Opioid Analgesics: Rise and Fall of Ligand Biased Signalig and Future Perspectives in the Quest for the Holy Grail
Authors: Breault Émile , Brouillette Rebecca L. , Hébert Terence E. , Sarret Philippe , Besserer-Offroy Élie
Published: February 2025

Opioid analgesics have been used for more than 5,000 years and remain the main pain medications prescribed today. Although morphine is considered the gold standard of pain relief, this selective µ-opioid receptor (MOP) agonist provides only moderate relief for many chronic pain conditions, and produces a number of unwanted effects that can affect the patient’s quality-of-life, prevent adherence to treatment or lead to addiction. In addition to the lack of progress in developing better analgesics, there have been no significant breakthroughs to date in combating the above-mentioned side effects. Fortunately, a better understanding of opioid pharmacology has given renewed hope for the development of better and safer pain medications. In this review, we describe how clinically approved opioids were initially characterized as biased ligands and what impact this approach might have on clinical practice. We also looked at the preclinical and clinical development of biased MOP agonists, focusing on the history of oliceridine, the first specifically designed biased analgesic. In addition, we explore the discrepancies between ligands with low intrinsic efficacy and those with biased properties. Finally, we examine the rationale behind the development of biased ligands during the opioid crisis.
Mechanisms and Challenges of the Impact of Personalised Learning Based on AIGC Technology on Educational Sustainability: A Case study Based on Chinese College Students
Authors: Li Yixin , Xiong Zhileng , Huang Qing , Gao Meng
Published: February 2025

With the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) technology, education is undergoing profound changes. AIGC significantly promotes inclusiveness, equity and quality of education by providing personalised learning content and intelligent instructional support to tailor the learning experience for students, which aligns with the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG4) requirements on the sustainability of education. However, despite the great potential of AIGC in education, its practical application still faces many challenges, such as unstable technology, untimely content updates, and privacy protection. This study takes Chinese college students as an example to explore the role and challenges of AIGC-based personalised learning in promoting educational sustainability. Through the analysis of 928 valid questionnaires and the SWOT-AHP method, this paper evaluates students' attitudes towards AIGC personalised learning and its impact on improving the quality of education, access to resources and fairness. The study also identified the main challenges in using AIGC, including technical problems, insufficient teacher-student interaction, and privacy security. The results show that AIGC positively impacts education's sustainability, but relevant technical and ethical challenges must be overcome to achieve its complete application. This study provides theoretical support for AIGC-based personalised learning and practical guidance for the future application and development of educational technology, aiming to provide a valuable reference for innovation and sustainable development in education.
Tree Nut and Extra Virgin Olive Oil Supplementation and Epigenetic Aging—A Feasibility Study
Authors: Reynolds Lindsay M , Howard Timothy D , Langefeld Carl D , Vitolins Mara Z
Published: February 2025

Tree nut and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) supplementation can improve cardiometabolic health. However, the effects of tree nut and EVOO consumption on aging biology is unknown. We carried out an exploratory four-week tree nut and EVOO supplementation intervention in 33 adults 48 – 81 years of age (mean age: 68 ± 9 years) with metabolic syndrome to generate preliminary data on a measure of biological aging – epigenetic aging, and qualitatively explored participants’ interest in knowing their epigenetic aging measures. Epigenetic aging was measured in all participants at baseline and after the 4-week intervention (DunedinPACE and GrimAge). At baseline, participants had advanced epigenetic aging measured by the DunedinPACE biomarker but not the GrimAge biomarker, with 100% of participants having DunedinPACE>1 (Wilcoxon test, p=3.73E-9), and 38% of participants having AgeAccelGrim>0 (Wilcoxon test, p=0.48). 84% of participants reported they thought they could participate in a similar 3-4 year study. The majority (77%) of participants educated about epigenetic aging reported they very much wanted to know their epigenetic age (77%), and that they would be somewhat likely (29%) or very likely (57%) to eat tree nuts and EVOO daily if it slowed biological aging. There was not a significant (p<0.05) change in epigenetic aging measures from baseline to after the 4-week intervention. This study further substantiates advanced epigenetic aging in individuals with metabolic syndrome. This pilot study also demonstrates participant interest in learning about biological age and supports the potential for biological aging measures to motivate behavior change.
A Survey of Recent Advances for Tackling Data Heterogeneity in Federated Learning
Authors: Johnson Alexander
Published: February 2025

Federated Learning (FL), as a distributed machine learning framework, allows multiple parties to collaboratively train models without sharing their data, thereby protecting privacy and data security. However, the issue of data heterogeneity—where data distributions, feature spaces, and label spaces vary significantly across different clients—poses a critical challenge to the effectiveness of federated learning. To address this problem, researchers have proposed various solutions, including techniques to mitigate local model drift, adaptive model aggregation, local data augmentation, and personalized federated learning. These strategies collectively enhance the capability of federated learning in handling data heterogeneity, promoting its widespread application across numerous fields. This review aims to summarize and discuss the latest advancements in these technologies.
Survey of Speed and Separation Monitoring Perception for Human Robot Collaboration
Authors: Adamides Odysseus , Subramanian Karthik , Arora Sarthak , Sahin Ferat
Published: February 2025

Human Robot Collaboration (HRC) has been a significant research topic within the Industry 4.0 movement over the past decade. Within the study of HRC, the collaboration approach of Speed and Separation Monitoring (SSM) has been implemented through various architectures. The different configuration strategies involved different perception sensing modalities, mounting strategies, data filtration, computational platforms, and calibration methods. This paper explores the evolution of the perception architectures used to perform SSM, and highlights innovations in sensing, and processing technologies that can open up the door to significant advancements in this sector of HRC research.
VEGF-A Remissions Brown Adipocyte Function Following Combined Exposure to Bisphenol A and a High-Fat Diet
Authors: Zhang Huihong , Feng Qingqing , Wu Xiaoli , Wang Ruiting , Qi Congzheng , Zhang Jiaoxiang , Xu Lanlan , Yao Ruijuan , Zhang Bo , Zhu Wei
Published: February 2025

Obesity has emerged as a global health crisis, with its pathogenesis being closely linked to metabolic dysregulation in brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, the underlying mechanisms by which high-fat diets and environmental endocrine disruptors, such as bisphenol A (BPA), affect BAT remain largely unknown. This study was conducted to investigate how combined exposure to BPA and a high-fat diet influences BAT function and the development of obesity via the VEGF/VEGFR2/PI3K/AKT pathway.Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups and received different treatments for 90 days: a normal chow diet (NCD), a normal chow diet supplemented with BPA (NCD + BPA), a high-fat diet (HFD), or a high-fat diet supplemented with BPA (HFD + BPA). Additionally, cell experiments were carried out using C3H10T1/2 cells induced to differentiate into brown adipocytes. These cells were exposed to different combinations of BPA and palmitic acid (PA).To comprehensively assess the effects on mice and cells, a variety of assays were employed, including cell viability assays, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and mitochondrial electron microscopy.The combined treatment of BPA and HFD (PA) successfully established an animal obesity model and a cellular triglyceride (TG) accumulation model. BPA and HFD exposure affected serum lipid levels and the expression of inflammatory factors in animals. It also inhibited brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and the expression of VEGF pathway proteins, leading to a reduction in capillaries and mitochondrial damage. Similarly, the combined treatment of BPA and PA influenced the expression of inflammatory factors in mature brown adipose cells and inhibited the expression of related proteins.Overall, combined exposure to BPA and a high-fat diet impairs BAT function through multiple mechanisms, including inflammation, thermogenic dysfunction, microvascular damage, mitochondrial injury, and alteration of the VEGF/VEGFR2/PI3K/AKT pathway. These findings suggest that such combined exposure ultimately promotes the development of obesity.
Fuzzy topological approaches via r-fuzzy γ-open sets in the sense of Sostak
Authors: Alsharari Fahad , Saleh Hind Y. , Taha Osama M. , Taha Islam M.
Published: February 2025

In the present article, we define and investigate the notion of r-fuzzy γ-open (r-F-γ-open) sets as a generalized novel class of fuzzy open (F-open) sets on fuzzy topological spaces (F T Ss) in the sense of Šostak. This class is contained in the class of r-F-β-open sets and contains all r-F-pre-open and r-F-semi-open sets. However, we introduce the interior and closure operators with respect to the classes of r-F-γ-open and r-F-γ-closed sets, and study some of their properties. After that, we define and discuss the notions of F-γ-continuous (respectively (resp. for short) F-γ-irresolute) functions between F T Ss (M, ℑ) and (N, F). Also, we display and investigate the notions of F-almost (resp. F-weakly) γ-continuous functions, which are weaker forms of F-γ-continuous functions. We also showed that F-γ-continuity ⇒ F-almost γ-continuity ⇒ F-weakly γ-continuity, but the converse may not be true. Next, we present and characterize new F-functions via r-F-γ-open and r-F-γ-closed sets, called F-γ-open (resp. F-γ-irresolute open, F-γ-closed, F-γ-irresolute closed, and F-γ-irresolute homeomorphism) functions. The relationships between these classes of functions were discussed with the help of some examples. We also introduce some new types of F-separation axioms, called r-F-γ-regular (resp. r-F-γ-normal) spaces via r-F-γ-closed sets, and study some properties of them. Lastly, we explore and discuss some new types of F-compactness, called r-F-almost (resp. r-F-nearly) γ-compact sets using r-F-γ-open sets.
An End-to-End Relearning Framework for Building Energy Optimization
Authors: Naug Avisek , Quinones-Grueiro Marcos , Biswas Gautam
Published: February 2025

The challenge in minimizing energy consumption for building HVAC systems stems from the dynamic and non-stationary nature of building behaviors and the complexity of balancing multiple energy optimization objectives. Traditional physics-based models are cost-ineffective and struggle to adapt to evolving building conditions, while data-driven control methods are limited by sample inefficiency and maintenance demands. This paper proposes a novel systematic relearning framework for HVAC supervisory control to enhance energy optimization adaptability and reduce operational costs. We develop a Reinforcement Learning-based controller with self-monitoring and adaptation capabilities to dynamically respond to changes in building operations and environmental conditions. By adopting a hyperparameter optimization procedure that decomposes the intractable hyperparameter space search, we implement a relearning approach to accommodate non-stationary changes during operation. The proposed framework’s feasibility is demonstrated on a building testbed through comprehensive benchmarking against state-of-the-art building control methods.
Addition of Thermotolerant Nitrifying Bacteria During Pig Manure Composting Enhanced Nitrogen Retention and Modified Microbial Composition
Authors: Liu Biao , Guo Zhaohui , Chen Wei , Wang Zhen , Xu Lijuan , Gao Shuaishuai , Wu Yingben , Zeng Yan , Tang Bingxuan , Wu Minxi , Yin Hongmei
Published: February 2025

Preventing loss of nitrogen during aerobic manure composting is a critical challenge, and introducing microbial agents with specific functions offers a promising solution. This study aimed to explore how Bacillus subtilis F2 (a thermotolerant nitrifying bacterium) on nitrogen conservation, microbial dynamics, and nitrogen conversion-associated gene abundance during pig manure composting. Relative to the uninoculated controls, adding F2 markedly raised the germination index, nitrate content, and total nitrogen in the final compost, resulting in reduced nitrogen loss. The inoculation led to a distinct succession of bacterial communities, enriching microorganisms associated with fermentation and hydrocarbon degradation, while the fungal communities did not change significantly between the control and treated compost. Furthermore, inoculation markedly increased amoA gene levels and decreased nirK abundance during the cooling and maturation phases. Significant relationships were detected between nitrogen content, microbial composition, and nitrogen conversion genes in correlation analyses. In summary, the addition of F2 is recommended for bolstering nitrogen retention in the context of composting.
Polymicrobial Urine Cultures: Reconciling Contamination with the Urobiome while Recognizing the Pathogens
Authors: Moreland Robert B , Brubaker Linda , Wolfe Alan J
Published: February 2025

Polymicrobial or mixed urine cultures of more than one predominant microbe confound clinical urinary tract infection diagnosis. The current College of American Pathologists clinical laboratory standard states that a urine sample cultured with more than two isolates with >10,000 colony forming units/ml is to be considered contaminated. However, the presence of urinary sample bacteria in individuals without urinary symptoms (referred to as asymptomatic bacteriuria) is common especially in older people and in pregnant individuals. Furthermore, the discovery of an indigenous urinary microbiome (urobiome) in healthy humans throughout life from shortly after birth to death conflicts with the long-standing notion that urine derived from sterile filtered blood should be sterile above the urethral sphincter. Polymicrobial infections clash with Koch’s postulates that a single pathogen is causal for disease. In this review, we will discuss current standards of contamination, how to reconcile the sterility of urine with the existence of the urobiome, a history of polymicrobial infections, and why re-examining current practices is essential for the practice of medicine, improving quality of life, and potentially saving lives.
Impact of High-Frequency Distributed Parametric Cable Model and Motor Terminal Overvoltage in SiC-Based Drives
Authors: Xu Yipu , Wen Lianghua , Du Zhengcong , Wang Peiyue
Published: February 2025

Silicon carbide (SiC) devices are characterized primarily by their high switching frequencies and rapid switching speeds. However, these faster switching speeds result in elevated voltage change rates (dv/dt), which in turn induce overvoltage at motor terminals. This overvoltage phenomenon places significant stress on motor winding insulation and bearings. In order to more accurately predict the overvoltage phenomenon of the inverter-cable-motor systems employing fast-switching SiC devices. This paper proposes a novel high-frequency cable modeling method for SiC drive systems, based on parameter fitting. This model is constructed using cable physical parameters obtained through impedance analyzer measurements. This approach offers advantages over existing high-frequency models, including simplified parameter extraction and accelerated computer simulation times. To validate the model's accuracy, we compare its predicted results against actual experimental measurements. The study further investigates the impact of cable length and voltage rise time on motor overvoltage (SiC system), utilizing both the proposed model and experimental verification. Experimental outcomes demonstrate that our high-frequency distributed parameter cable model accurately predicts motor overvoltage in SiC inverter systems. This research contributes to the analyzing and predicting of overvoltage issues in high-frequency switching environments, improving the reliability and performance of SiC-based motor drive systems.
Tuberculous Meningitis in a Child: A Rare Presentation of Cytotoxic Lesion of the Corpus Callosum
Authors: Tran Ny Thi Hong , Nguyen Nhung Thi Hong , Vo Uyen Phuong , Huynh Julie
Published: February 2025

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of tuberculosis, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations such as young children and people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Major challenges to accurate and early diagnosis of TBM are the non-specific clinical features which overlap with other infectious syndromes and the lack of adequately sensitive tests to detect Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Diagnosis is therefore still dependent on clinical suspicion along with clinical features, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) characteristics and where facilities are available, neuroimaging. Typical neuroimaging features of TBM include hydrocephalus, infarcts, tuberculomas and basal exudates, however less well described are very rare features such as cytotoxic lesion of the corpus callosum (CLOCC) otherwise known as transient splenic lesion. We describe the first case report of a child with confirmed TBM who had a very rare presentation of CLOCC, present a literature review on the pathophysiology and alternative aetiologies where CLOCC is more commonly seen.
Kac-Moody Quaternion Lie Algebra
Authors: Ferdi Ferdi , Amir Amir Kamal , Anwar Andi Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Kac-Moody Lie algebra is a Lie algebra associated with Cartan matrix generalized over real or complex field. This research aims to define Kac-Moody Lie algebra in quaternion by using the concept of Quaternification of Lie algebra. From some previous research, the definition of Kac-Moody Lie algebra over real or complex field is divided into two, namely the definition of standard and reduced Kac-Moody Lie algebra. To obtain both definitions, one additional definition is needed, namely the universal Kac-Moody Lie algebra. So, to define Kac-Moody quaternion Lie algebra, three constructions are needed, namely the construction of universal Kac-Moody quaternion Lie algebra, standard Kac-Moody quaternion Lie algebra, and reduced Kac-Moody quaternion Lie algebra. The results of this paper obtained the definition of universal Kac-Moody quaternion Lie algebra, standard Kac-Moody quaternion Lie algebra, and reduced Kac-Moody quaternion Lie algebra.
Feasibility and User Experience of a Program of Progressive Cued Activity to Promote Functional Upper Limb Activity in the Inpatient Rehabilitation Setting with Follow-Up at Home
Authors: Bassindale Kimberly D , Golus Sarah , Horder Jake , Winkoski Maureen , Sytsma Meghann , Morelli Whitney , Casadio Maura , McGuire John , Scheidt Robert A
Published: February 2025

Although upper limb impairment is one of the most common deficits post-stroke and contributes substantially to diminished functional independence, many survivors receive low dosages of upper limb task training in the inpatient setting. This study evaluates the feasibility and user experience of a progressive-challenge cued activity program, delivered via wearable technology, to promote upper limb activity in an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) post-stroke. Participants (n=30) wore our wearable system Souvenir, which provided vibrotactile cues to prompt activity in the more-involved arm during idle time. Compliance with the program was high (94% in the IRF), and the system successfully prompted increased activity as evidenced by significantly higher post-cue response rates compared to pre-cue activity rates (mean difference = 35.1%, t(28) = 9.398, p< 0.001). User experience was positive, with participants reporting high usability, satisfaction, and motivation. Follow-up data collected in unstructured home settings (n=23) demonstrated continued high compliance (96%) and favorable user experience. These findings suggest that Souvenir and its cued activity program can effectively convert idle time into therapeutic activity while minimizing caregiver burden. Future research should focus on enhancing user engagement and evaluating the clinical efficacy of this approach in improving functional outcomes post-stroke.
The Role of Injections in the Rehabilitation of Chronic Mid-Portion Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: Poenaru Daniela , Potvocavu Claudia Gabriela , Sandulescu Miruna Ioana , Constantinovici Mariana , Cinteză Delia
Published: February 2025

Achilles mid-portion tendinopathy is defined as a painful thickening of the tendon, identified also on different imagistic examinations, occurring in sport people as well in inactively middle-aged individuals. The chronic and/or relapsing evolution interfere with daily living and alter the quality of life. Eccentric physical exercise is a cornerstone in her management and several injectable agents are used in clinical settings to reduce pain and improve function. According to the presumed pathogenic mechanisms, many classes of agents are in use: corticosteroids, protease inhibitors, sclerosing agents, pro-inflammatory agents, autologous products. The modalities of administration, either intra- or peritendon, the timing and number of sessions are displayed. The association with rest, tendon protection and eccentric exercise are underlined.
A Copilot for Social Promotion
Authors: Galitsky Boris , Ozerov Oleg
Published: February 2025

The Social Promotion Copilot (SPC) is designed to autonomously engage with users on social platforms, leveraging advanced NLP and action-oriented automation. This chapter delves into its architectural foundation, focusing on the integration of Theory of Mind to enhance SPC’s ability to interpret user emotions, predict reactions, and tailor responses dynamically. By modeling mental states, SPC can distinguish between different user intents, such as seeking support, expressing dissatisfaction, or driving discussions. This capability enables more context-aware and persuasive interactions, making SPC a more effective tool for both social engagement and marketing strategies. Beyond cognitive modeling, the chapter also examines the run-time execution framework, detailing how SPC processes textual tasks in real-time. The system selects optimal actions based on multi-modal inputs, including textual context, sentiment analysis, and platform-specific engagement patterns. Through a structured decision-making pipeline, SPC adapts its posting and response strategies to maximize visibility and interaction. By balancing automation with adaptive intelligence, SPC transforms from a simple content-promotion tool into an autonomous social agent, capable of managing long-term engagement and fostering meaningful digital interactions, which is confirmed by evaluation on social network sites.
Coronary Microvascular Disease after Myocardial Infarction: Diagnostic Approach and Prognostic Value—A Narrative Review
Authors: Sokratous Stefanos , Mitsis Andreas , Khattab Elina , Karelas Dimitrios , Velidakis Nikolaos , Kadoglou Nikolaos P.E
Published: February 2025

Coronary microvascular disease (CMVD) is not an uncommon complication after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), independent of prompt revascularization. It is a serious yet underdiagnosed disease that has a major impact on patient’s outcomes. Even when the infarct-related artery is successfully revascularized, a significant per-centage of patients still have compromised microvascular circulation, which is linked to higher cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization for heart failure. The well-known invasive methods, such as the index of microvascular resistance (IMR), and the coronary flow reserve (CFR) have been considered as gold standards. Howev-er, they are constrained by their hazards and complexity. Non-invasive techniques, such as the echocardiography doppler for CFR assessment, the positron emission to-mography (PET) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and some other techniques provide alternatives, but their accessibility, the cost and their implementa-tion during the peri-AMI period raise obstacles for their wide use. This review high-lights both invasive and non-invasive modalities as it examines the diagnostic meth-ods and prognostic significance of CMVD in patients who have had an AMI. Enhanc-ing long-term results in this high-risk population requires an understanding of and commitment to CMVD.
Deep Learning-Based Ship Detection: Enhancing Maritime Surveillance with Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Hilal Baswaid Maria , Fayez Faky Darir Farouq , Yi Qin Chia , Prisca Sofian Anastasia , Amin Noor
Published: February 2025

It has great importance in maritime surveillance in preventing illegal activities and safeguarding oceanic operations. However, the conventional processes for ship detection fall under an inefficient category because they depend highly on manual monitoring. This study explores deep learning, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks, for the automation of detection using satellite images. A custom CNN model was designed and trained on a publicly available dataset to classify images as "ship" or "no-ship." The architecture consists of convolutional and max-pooling layers for feature extraction followed by dense layers for classification with dropout techniques to prevent overfitting. Data augmentation techniques were used to improve the generalization of the model. The model achieved an accuracy of about 86%, which is promising for real-world maritime surveillance applications. Further improvements, including hyperparameter tuning and better balancing of the dataset, could give even better performance. The results confirm that the CNN-based ship detection method represents a promising way to automate ocean monitoring, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of maritime security operations.