bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Kompetensi dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Kantor Cabang Makassar
Authors: Ismail Hajiali  , Suriyanti S. , Putra Aditya Halim Perdana Kusuma
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (persero), Tbk Kantor Cabang Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif. Objek penelitiannya adalah karyawan PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (persero), Tbk Kantor Cabang Makassar dan proses pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan angket/kuesioner dengan jumlah sampel 30 orang. Adapun metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, uji realibilitas, uji validitas, analisis regresi berganda, uji asumsi klasik dan uji statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dimana berdasarkan nilai koefisien regresi diperoleh nilai positif, dan uji-t memiliki nilai t-hitung sebesar (6,597) > t-tabel (2,0518), dan nilai sig 0,000 < 0,05 dan sedangkan lingkungan kerja berpengaruh positif dan tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan karena memiliki t-hitung sebesar (0,409) < t-tabel (2,0518), dan nilai sig (0,686) > (0,05).
Modern trends in the production of corrosion-resistant and fire-resistant stress-free reinforcing bars
Authors: Razdobreev V.G. , Palamar D.G.
Published: June 2021

The aim of this work is to study modern methods of production of corrosion-resistant and fire-resistant stress-free reinforcing bars in the world. Non-stressed reinforcing bars are used as working, structural and assembly reinforcement in conventional building structures, as well as in various types of prestressed structures: from openwork prefabricated to huge monolithic hydraulic structures, therefore, its assortment produced by the domestic metallurgical industry in the range from 5,5 to 40 mm in the nominal diameter of a smooth profile and from 6,0 to 40 mm for a periodic profile. Recently, in the world, much attention is paid to the design and construction of buildings and structures with an improved complex of consumer properties, intended, in particular, for work in corrosive and fire hazardous environments. Such developments are not currently being conducted in Ukraine. In the world and in Europe, to increase corrosion resistance and fire resistance, as well as for the manufacture of seismically resistant reinforcing bars (δmax≥7,5 %), hot-rolled low-alloyed (additionally alloyed with V and Mo) and microalloyed steel grades without the use of heat treatment or cold-deformed (cоld stretched) from hot rolled strip of periodic profile. In GOST 34028-2016 for the countries of the Customs Union, it is clearly stated that for the reinforcement of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures and monolithic reinforced concrete, unstressed reinforcing bars in bars or coils with a nominal diameter of 4,0 to 40 mm are also used for the production of such rolled products, low-carbon and low-alloy steel grades are used, which microalloy V, Nb, Mo or add nitride-forming elements Al, Ti, V, Nb. In this case, either hot rolling or cold deformation or heat treatment in the flow of the rolling mill is used. An alternative way of producing corrosion-resistant and fire-resistant stress-free reinforcing bars in the world is the use of stainless steel as a material. Such profiled reinforcing bars are produced in the range of 3,0 to 50 mm by hot rolling or cold deformation. The use of modern technologies for the production of stainless steel reinforcing bars, starting with the addition of effective and high-quality alloying elements and additives in the production of liquid steel and effective methods of metal pressure treatment, which allows us to guarantee the material saving from corrosion and high temperatures in case of fire. A significant disadvantage of this rolled product is its rather high cost.
Information and mathematical support of cast iron desulfurization technology
Authors: Togobitskaia D.N. , Molchanov L.S. , Vergun A.S. , Kislyakov V.G. , Likhachov Y.M. , Khodotova N.E.
Published: June 2021

The concept of the expert decision-making system for technological process management, created earlier at the Iron and Steel Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, provides for the choice of a rational technology for out-of-furnace desulfurization of cast iron. The purpose of this work is the further development of information and mathematical support of the expert system module for out-of-furnace processing of cast iron by co-injection of magnesium and lime in the framework of the target project to create end-to-end technology for high quality metal products. An integrated database of cast iron desulfurization process of a number of metallurgical enterprises of the People's Republic of China and the domestic DMK plant is presented. Based on the analysis of technological data, empirical equations were obtained to determine the final sulfur content in the cast iron melt, as well as the expression for estimating the specific consumption of metallic magnesium in the reagent. The developed models for calculating the specific consumption of reagents are the basis of the algorithm for calculating the indicators of the process of desulfurization of cast iron with co-injection of magnesium and lime. The input parameters are: temperature of cast iron, mass of cast iron, chemical composition of cast iron and slag, sulfur content initial and final, the proportion of magnesium in the reagent. Replenishment of the database with information on the technology of desulfurization of cast iron with a mixture of magnesium and lime allowed to clarify the existing and obtain descriptive models for these reagents. The developed information and mathematical support of the subsystem of out-of-furnace processing of pig-iron takes into account material and energy costs for redistribution, providing resource savings and the required quality of metal products.
Finding the Optimal Size of Permanent Magnets for a Transverse Magnetic Flux Generator with a Disk Rotor
Authors:   National Technical University ", Duniev Oleksii ,   Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute",   , Ukraine, Yehorov Andri ,   National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Ukraine, Masliennikov Andrii ,   National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Ukraine, Stamann Mario ,   Otto von Guericke University, Germany, Dobzhanskyi Oleksandr ,   Point Park University, USA
Published: June 2021

Based on the analysis of the transverse flux machine designs, they were found to have a relative design simplicity and a high-power density. The purpose of this work is to determine the optimal height of a permanent magnet and to define its effect on the induced EMF value in the stator coils and the cogging torque, as well as to define the picture of the magnetic flux leakage between the stator poles. To achieve these goals, the 3D model of a low speed generator was studied. The electromagnetic analysis was carried out using a modern software, which allows us to determine the magnetic field distribution in the 3D, as well as the induced EMF value and the rotor cogging torque. The criterion for the optimal calculation is the highest EMF value at the minimum value of the rotor cogging torque. The parameters of the permanent magnets, such as the width and length, remained unchanged, whereas, the height varied from 1 to 8 mm at a 1-mm step. The corresponding dependencies are obtained for each height. The most significant result of the work is the conclusion that the height of the permanent magnet should not exceed the 3-mm value. The significance of the obtained results is that the used methodology allowed finding the optimal height of the permanent magnet, since a further increase in its height leads to no growth in the EMF value, but rather significantly enhances the negative effect from the rotor cogging torque. In addition, the simulation results were supported experimentally.
Incidence, Pattern and Outcome of Birth Injuries as Seen in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria
Authors: West Boma Awoala , Okari Tamunoiyowuna
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Birth injuries although inevitable should be avoided to prevent unnecessary neonatal morbidities and mortalities as well as hospital litigations.
Aim: To determine the incidence rate, pattern and outcome of birth injuries occurring in the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital.
Materials and Methods: An observational prospective study was carried out in the Special Care baby Unit of the hospital. A pre tested proforma was used to collect demographic and pregnancy information from mothers and demographic data, delivery history, type of birth injury and clinical outcome from babies whose parents consented to the study.
Results: Thirty-nine of the 5,692 babies delivered during the study period had birth injuries, giving an incidence rate of 6.9 per 1000 live births. The common birth injuries were neurological (26.2%), extracranial (23.8%) and soft tissue injuries (21.4%). Cephalopelvic disproportion (36%), diabetes mellitus in pregnancy (32%) and prolonged labour (20%) were commonly found complications of pregnancy among mothers whose babies had birth injuries. Birth injuries were commoner among males, babies born by normal vaginal delivery and those with birth weights between 2.5-3.9Kg. Neurological injuries were significantly associated with normal vaginal delivery and birth weights of ≥ 4kg while soft tissue injuries were significantly associated with Caesarean section, P value < 0.05. Although majority of them were discharged, mortality rate was 7.7%.
Conclusion: Although the incidence of birth injury in this study was low, the morbidity and mortality associated with it are avoidable. Improved antenatal and delivery services are therefore necessary to reduce the incidence of birth injuries.

Keywords: Birth injury; Incidence; Pattern; Outcome; Tertiary hospital; Nigeria.
E-Service Quality and Relational Marketing Effect Satisfaction with Using Mobile Banking through User Experience in Mandiri Syariah Bank KCP Medan Petisah
Authors: Putri Cindy Ayu , Ginting Paham , Situmorang Syafrizal Helmi
Published: June 2021

Islamic banking is a banking system based on Islamic sharia (law). Indonesia, where part of the population is Muslim, provides ample room for the development of Islamic banks. The development of Islamic banking in Indonesia has become a benchmark for the existence of the Islamic economy. Bank SyariahMandiri as a sharia bank in Indonesia is implementing this system amid the proliferation of conventional banks.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of e-service quality and relationship marketing on e-satisfaction through user experience. The research instrument used was a structured questionnaire with a 5-point interval scale. The study population was 1475 people and with the Slovin formula obtained 315 samples in the study. Data that can be analyzed using descriptive and quantitative statistical methods with SEM Smart PLS. This study shows that the quality of e-service and relationship marketing has no significant effect on e-satisfaction. The e-service quality and relationship marketing has an effect on e-satisfaction through the user experience.

Keywords: E-Service Quality, Relationship Marketing, E-Satisfaction And User Experience.
Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique on Improving Hamstring Muscle Flexibility in High School Level Kabaddi Players
Authors: Harry Anju , George Susan Annie
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Kabaddi is one of the most popular games, which makes it our national pride. Kabaddi requires a lot of power, strength, flexibility, agility, speed, breath control and wariness. The game comes under contact sports and hence injuries are common. Muscle Energy Technique (MET) is a form of manual therapy used to relax the muscles via autogenic or reciprocal inhibition and lengthen the muscle, which uses muscle’s own energy in the form of gentle isometric contraction. The purpose of this study is to find out the effectiveness of MET on improving hamstring muscle flexibility, active knee extension (AKE) range, and agility in high school level kabaddi players.
Subjects: 30 female amateur kabaddi players
Methodology: 30 high school level Kabaddi players were assessed and selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and assigned into two groups. Group A (experimental n=15) received MET along with conventional exercises and Group B received Conventional flexibility exercises alone for 5 consecutive days. Pre-post and a follow-up measurement of hamstring flexibility, AKE and agility was taken using flexometer, 90-90 test and agility T-test.
Results: Statistical analysis was done using paired and unpaired t-test. In paired t-test, the hamstring muscle flexibility improved significantly on day 5, on follow-up day 8 measurement it showed reduction in flexibility but not significant for both groups. The AKE of right and left knee joint has significantly improved on day 5 and there was significant reduction on day 8. Whereas the agility for both groups has significantly improved on day 5 and 8. On unpaired t-test, there is significant difference between both groups for all 3 outcomes.
Conclusion: The Muscle energy Technique is effective on improving hamstring muscle flexibility, Active knee extension range and agility in 5 day MET programme. Therefore, concluded that Muscle Energy Technique is effective and can be administered on-field prior to sports events, and thereby improve player’s performance.

Keywords: MET, Kabaddi, Hamstring injuries, Flexometer test, active knee extension test, agility T-test.
On the 75th anniversary of academic research and the 60th anniversary of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova
Authors:   Institute of Applied Physics, Republic of Moldova, Bologa Mircea
Published: June 2021

The paper presents a retrospective of events and memories of the formation and development of academic research in the field of physical and technical sciences in Moldova, such as the main stages of the creation of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, memorable anniversaries, individual meetings with presidents, as well as the way covered by the Institute of Applied Physics from determination of the topics range, of the concept of combining fundamental and applied research, of the status of the Institutes, of staff training to the ensuring of the practical application of the results obtained, to the setting up of an experimental production base, to the launching of the journal "Elektronnaya Obrabotka Materialov/Sufrace Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry". Certain General Meetings of the Sections and of the Academy of Sciences, conferences, visits of presidents and heads of the Academies of Sciences of various countries, delegations of scientists, cosmonauts, specialists, anniversaries and memorable meetings are considered. Some aspects of expanding international scientific cooperation, of reforming research, of increasing its effectiveness are discussed. The need for further consolidation of the scientific community, of opportunities for innovative activities, in accordance with the high requirements and ideals of science is also emphasized.
Nonlinear Correction to Intensity of Dipole Radiation of Uncharged Drop Oscillating in External Electrostatic Field
Authors:   Yaroslavl State University. P. G. Demidova, Russian Federation, Grigoriev A. , Shiryaeva S. ,   Yaroslavl State University. P. G. Demidova, Russian Federation, Kolbneva N. ,   Yaroslavl State University. P. G. Demidova, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

An asymptotic calculation of a dipole electromagnetic radiation of an uncharged conductive drop oscillating with a finite amplitude in an external electrostatic field to within the second order of smallness inclusive on the relation of the amplitude of oscillations to the radius of an initial drop is carried out. It is shown that the first mode of oscillations is excited in the calculation of the second order of smallness. As a result, the centers of the induced charges with different signs will synchronously oscillate, and the drop will radiate electromagnetic waves of dipolar type, forming the nonlinear correction to intensity of dipole radiation of the first order of smallness. An assessment of the intensity of electromagnetic radiation of this correction and of the width of a strip of frequencies depending on the size of a drop and the strength of an external electrostatic field is carried out.
VESTIBULOPLASTY IN AN EXTREMELY ATROPHIC EDENTULOUS MANDIBLE USING A COMBINATION OF STRIP PALATAL GRAFT AND XENOGENEIC COLLAGEN MATRIX: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria., Gavrailov Tasho , Chenchev Ivan ,   Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The aim of this research was to evaluate the cumulative effect of using both epithelial autograft and xenogeneic collagen matrix as an alternative to single keratinized epithelial palatal autografts, which can prove beneficial for its reduced morbidity. Materials and methods: This study includes one female patient with an extremely atrophic mandible who requires deepening of the vestibulum in the anterior region in order to improve the stability of the removable denture. The surgical procedure included local anesthesia, one horizontal incision and a partial-thickness flap elevation. The exposed periosteum was covered by a small keratinized epithelial autograft from the hard palate at its apical aspect and a xenogeneic collagen matrix at its coronal portion. Follow up of the healing process was performed on the 7th, 14th, 30th day, after three and six months. Results: The postoperative period underwent without any complications in all areas. The healing process resulted in the formation of an additional area of keratinized mucosa - a mean gain value of 2.92 mm after six months, which led to a significant improvement of denture stability. Conclusion: The final result suggested that this technique shows great promise in compensating the disadvantages of using single grafting materials: the increased morbidity caused by the additional surgical site on the palate in the case of autografts and the greater shrinkage of the area of keratinized mucosa in a six months period when collagen matrixes are applied as a single grafting material in large edentulous areas.
Value Added Tax on Cross-Border Digital Supplies: The Kenyan Approach under the Finance Act 2019
Authors: Ali Abdullahi
Published: June 2021

Advancements in the global digital economy have resulted in high levels of profitability for enterprises operating within it. The digital economy is particularly challenging for tax authorities the world over, as it is characterised by an unparalleled reliance on intangible assets and a difficulty in determining the jurisdiction in which value creation occurs. It is against this backdrop that Kenya enacted the Finance Act 2019, that had amongst its objectives, the effective taxation on the consumption of cross-border digital supplies. The amendments are largely targeted at the taxation of imported digital supplies from foreign jurisdictions to final consumers in Kenya. They place the responsibility of tax assessment and remittance to the consumer of the service. This move presents a critical departure from the previous regime where the responsibility of Value Added Tax (VAT) assessment and remittance fell on the firms supplying the service squarely. This paper critically assesses the practical efficacy and inherent weaknesses arising from the potential implementation of the proposed amendments under the VAT Act and provides recommendations on the way forward.
Factors Influencing Tax Avoidance Activity: An Empirical Study from Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Jingga Vinny , Lina Lina
Published: June 2021

This research aims to examine the influence of the firm characteristics to tax avoidance activity in the listed companies in Indonesia. This research uses the proxies of firm size, leverage, capital intensity, inventory intensity as the firm characteristics and return on asset and market-to-book ratio as control variables. The samples of this research consist of 158 firm-year observations from all industries which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2010-2013. The samples are selected by using purposive sampling method through several specific sample criteria. The technique used to examine hypothesis is multiple regression analysis. The result of this research reveals that leverage has a positive influence towards tax avoidance activity, while the rest variables have no influence towards tax avoidance activity.
A Review of Financial Distress Prediction Models: Logistic Regression and Multivariate Discriminant Analysis
Authors: Hassan Ehsan ul , Zainuddin Zaemah , Nordin Sabariah
Published: June 2021

In corporate finance, the early prediction of financial distress is considered more important as another occurrence of business risks. The study presents a review of literature for early prediction of financial bankruptcy. It contributes to the formation of a systematic review of the literature regarding previous studies done in the field of bankruptcy. It addresses two most commonly used financial distress prediction models, i.e. multivariate discriminant analysis and logit. Models are discussed with their advantages and disadvantages. After methodological review, it seems that logit regression model (LRM) is more advantageous than multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA) for better prediction of financial bankruptcy. However, accurate prediction of bankruptcy is beneficial to improve the regulation of companies, to form policies for companies and to take any precautionary measures if any crisis is about to come in future.
An Action Research Methodology into the Interpretation on Withholding Tax: In the Case of the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia
Authors: Hussain Hazlina , Abd. Manaf Nor Aziah
Published: June 2021

This paper describes the research work undertaken by the authors in applying action research methodology to identify the interpretation spectrum of the withholding tax provision in respect of section 4A of the Income Tax Act 1967 and the related public ruling. There has been no similar study published on using action research to improve the clarity of withholding tax provision. This study discusses the interpretation spectrum of section 4A of the Act on withholding tax. It is essential to focus on tax clarity as tax uncertainty affect both taxpayers and tax administration. The research had adopted action research method and utilised qualitative method of data gathering by way of focus group and semi-structured interviews and concludes that section 4A need improvements and policymakers should focus their attention on enacting clear law so that taxpayers understand and comply with the law.
The Effect of Instructional Approach on the Financial Accounting Achievement among Students
Authors: Inuwa Umar
Published: June 2021

The study focused on the effect of an instructional approach on the financial accounting achievement of secondary school students in Gombe State, Nigeria. The present study used explanatory sequential mixed-method design; 120 students participated in the study. The students were selected at random from six secondary schools. They were equally and randomly divided into two groups, namely: cooperative and conventional approach. The interview was conducted with four students of the experimental group. Achievement Tests is used as data collection instrument. The study observed that at the stage of the pre-test, the achievement of cooperative and control group students did not differ significantly. This suggested that at the initial stage, the students were equal in their achievements. Nonetheless, at the stage of the post-test, it was proved that the financial accounting achievement of students who were taught using a cooperative approach was significantly better than that of their counterparts who were taught using and conventional approach. This suggested that a cooperative approach is the most effective approach for improving the financial accounting achievement of secondary school students. Consequently, the study recommended that curriculum planners, teachers in secondary schools should be encouraged to adopt a cooperative approach in teaching financial accounting to improve the achievement of students in the subject.
A Multidimensional Framework for Understanding Tax Audit Effectiveness in Developing Countries
Authors: Umar Mohammed Abdullahi , Derashid Chek , Popoola Oluwatoyin Muse Johnson
Published: June 2021

Taxation in developing countries is different from the practice in advanced countries. There is, therefore, the need to contextualize tax research in developing countries. One of the significant differences between the two regions is the practice of tax audits. In advanced countries, the probability of tax audit is seen as a deterrence to tax noncompliance. However, this study argues that this may not be the case in developing countries. The paper presents tax audits in developing countries as a three-dimensional process consisting of audit probability, detection and sanction. The paper argues that these three aspects are distinct and must all work together to ensure an effective audit. For instance, after an audit, there is a need for detection to take place. Otherwise, the entire process will be ineffective. Furthermore, after detection, there is a need for sanction before the audit process can serve as a deterrent. Detection without sanction renders the entire process ineffective. In developing countries, audits can take place without detection and detection may occur without any sanction because tax evaders can compromise the system through bribery and corruption. The paper makes a significant contribution both to the literature and practice. There is a need for researchers to focus on the three dimensions of tax audit in developing countries rather than a holistic audit probability, as found in some studies from advanced countries. Additionally, practitioners should measure tax audit effectiveness based on the three dimensions proposed in this study.
Erosion and Sedimentation Processes in the Nepalese Himalaya; ICIMOD Occasional paper No. 1
Authors: Carson Brian
Published: June 2021

Erosion includes all processes that result in the physical wearing down of the surface of the earth. Erosion processes are complex, consisting of "natural" {geological) erosion and "accelerated" {~an induced) erosion. Natural erosion rates are very high in Nepal because of the constant tectonic uplifting of the major mountain ranges and consequent down cutting of the river systems. The net result of these unrelenting forces are unstable slopes that cannot maintain their river-canyon form. Natural erosion is characterized by different forms of mass wasting, particularly rock failures, landslides, slumps, riverbank cutting and gullying.
Kajian Residu Tetrasiklin HCl dalam Daging dan Hati Ayam Broiler pada Beberapa Peternakan di Kabupaten Lamongan Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri Ultraviolet
Authors: Fernanda M.A. Hanny Ferry , Chrisnandari Rosita Dwi
Published: June 2021

Tetracycline HCl is one of the most commonly used antibiotics in animal feed additives to control disease caused by bacteria. The dosage of antibiotics added to animal feed is sometimes not in accordance with existing regulations, causing residues in the body to be left behind. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence and levels of tetracycline HCl antibiotic residues in the meat and liver of broiler chickens on farms in Lamongan City by using the spectrophotometric method by selecting the maximum wavelength which was carried out by making the absorbance relationship curve and the wavelength of the standard solution at a certain concentration. The results of tetracycline antibiotic residues in boiler chicken meat and liver on the first farm showed that the residual levels of tetracycline HCl were 3,969.10 ± 392.32 ppm and 14,247.74 ± 2,632.63 ppm, on the second farm showed residual levels of tetracycline HCl. 5,470.03 ± 512.76 ppm and 20,464.60 ± 5,985.63 ppm, respectively, and the third farm showed that the remaining levels of tetracycline HCl were 7,032.37 ± 971.99 ppm and 19,232.71 ± 6,404.63 ppm. The results showed that the residual content of tetracycline HCl in broiler meat and liver exceeds the maximum residual content of tetracycline class of antibiotics in meat and milk based on SNI 01-6366-2000 which limits the residue to not more than 0.1 ppm.
Der Dialog ist in der Krise eines der stärksten Mittel im Unterricht und in der Führung
Authors: Hesse Matthias
Published: June 2021

Frau Mag.a Gabriele Hetzmannseder war ca. 15 Jahre lang HABIT-Geschäftsführerin, Mitbegründerin der Basalen Förderklassen in Wien und wirkte in zahlreichen Funktionen im österreichischen Behindertenbereich. Mit Gabriele Hetzmannseder verbinde ich Professionalität, eine motivierende Zielstrebigkeit, Durchsetzungsfähigkeit – vor allem für jene Menschen, für die sie verantwortlich war – ein großes Fachwissen, ein breites Erfahrungsspektrum im Sozialbereich und der Sonderpädagogik und jene Form von Reformbewusstsein, die es für die (Weiter-)Entwicklung der großen Arbeitsfelder der Behindertenpädagogik benötigt. Sie gibt uns einen kurzen Einblick in die Entstehungsgeschichte der Basalen Förderklassen in Wien.
Investigating the Effect of Graduate Business Programs of the Schools of Business in Jordan in Forming Soft-Power Leadership Conceptualization among MBA Students
Authors: Zoubi Faiz Hamad
Published: June 2021

The main objective of the study is to explore the extent of the conceptualization of soft-power leadership among graduate business students, and the degree to which they apply the concept in their study programs in the Jordanian universities. In precise, to explore the effect of curriculums and courses, learning style, and the way the business program is managed in forming the concept of soft power leadership in students.

The analysis was extended to investigate the variation in the relationship between curriculums, learning style, and program management as independent variables and soft-power leadership concept as dependent variable due to the moderating variables gender, background education, and work sector. A sample of 350 students was drawn from two representative universities in Jordan. Data were collected by a self-designed questionnaire based on literature, Amos 21 was used in the analysis, and findings were as follows:

Students have positive attitudes toward soft-power leadership conceptualization with a satisfactory level of belief. Learning style and curriculums have been found to be of significant effect in soft-power conceptualization. This indicates that the American Model of Management Education (AMME) is applied in both curriculums and learning styles in business schools in Jordan.

With regards to the moderating effect of gender, background education, and job sector of students it was found that gender significantly affects the relationship between learning style and soft-power concept, and it does affect the relationship between program management and soft-power concept, Background education significantly affects the relationship between both curriculums and program management, and soft-power concept, while the job sector that students belong to in their work only affects significantly the relationship between program management and soft-power concept.  
Dynamic Modelling, Experimental Identification and Computer Simulations of Non-Stationary Vibration in High-Speed Elevators
Authors: Đokić Radomir , Vladić Jovan , Kljajin Milan , Jovanović Vesna , Marković Goran , Karakašić Mirko
Published: June 2021

Modelling the dynamic behaviour of elevators with high lifting velocities (contemporary elevators in building construction and mine elevators) is a complex task and an important step in the design process and creating conditions for safe and reliable exploitation of these machines. Due to high heights and lifting velocities, the standard procedures for dynamic exploitation are not adequate. The study presents the method of forming a dynamic model to analyse nonstationary vibrations of a rope with time-varying length with nonholonomic boundary conditions in the position where the rope is connected with the cabin (cage) and in the upcoming point of its winding onto the pulley (drum). A unique method was applied to identify the basic parameters of the dynamic model (stiffness and damping) based on experimental measures for a concrete elevator. Due to the verification of this procedure, the experiment was conducted on a mine elevator in RTB Bor, Serbia. Using the obtained computer-experimental results, the simulations of the dynamic behaviour of an empty and loaded cage were shown. In addition, the study shows the specific method as the basis for forming a control program that would enable the decrease in vertical vibrations during an elevator starting and braking mode.
Improvement in Cassava Yield per Area by Fertilizer Application
Authors: Okoth Omondi John , Yermiyahu Uri
Published: June 2021

Cassava is a source of carbohydrates to more than 200 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa, even though its production is 6–8 t ha−1, which is below the highest world production of 36.4 t ha−1 in India. To address this yield gap and increase cassava’s availability, affordability, and adequacy, intensive but sustainable production is important. Additionally, being an emerging raw material in the animal feeds, pharmaceutical, beer industries etc., only increases its demand, however the current production levels cannot effectively sustain this. Therefore, this paper reviews: improvement in cassava yields per area under fertigation and banding of fertilizers, a common practice among many farmers; the advantage of fertilizer application on starch of the storage roots, which is the fundamental ingredient in most industries using cassava as a raw material; and the climate smart technologies for intensive sustainable cassava production. In the end, this review enhances knowledge about fertilizer application to cassava, both banding and fertigation, and expounds on effective intensive sustainable climate-smart production strategies.
Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through Changes in Gut Microbiome and Intestinal Epithelial Barrier
Authors: M. Heshmati Hassan
Published: June 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading liver disease worldwide with a prevalence of approximately 25% among adult population. The highest prevalence is observed in Middle East and the lowest prevalence in Africa. NAFLD is a spectrum of liver disorders ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Pro-inflammatory diet, overweight/obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, disrupted gut microbiome, and impaired intestinal barrier function are important risk factors associated with and/or contributing to NAFLD. Gut microbiome is a complex and diverse microbial ecosystem essential for the maintenance of human health. It is influenced by several factors including diet and medications. Gut microbiome can be disrupted in NAFLD. Intestinal epithelial barrier is the largest and most important barrier against the external environment and plays an important role in health and disease. Several factors including diet and gut microbiome impact intestinal barrier function. NAFLD can be associated with impaired intestinal barrier function (increased intestinal permeability). There are no specific drugs that directly treat NAFLD. The first-line therapy of NAFLD is currently lifestyle intervention. Weight loss is an important component in the treatment of NAFLD subjects who have excess body weight. Gut microbiome and intestinal epithelial barrier are becoming promising targets for the treatment of several diseases including NAFLD. In the absence of approved pharmacotherapy for the treatment of NAFLD/NASH, in addition to lifestyle intervention and weight loss (in case of excess body weight), focus should also be on correcting gut microbiome and intestinal permeability (directly and/or through gut microbiome modulation) using diet (e.g., low-fat diet, high-fiber diet, and Mediterranean diet), prebiotics (nondigestible food ingredients), probiotics (nonpathogenic living microorganisms), synbiotics (combination of prebiotics and probiotics), and fecal microbiota transplantation (transfer of healthy stool).
Psychological Factors Influencing Protective Behaviours during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Capability, Opportunity and Motivation
Authors: Gibson-Miller Jilly , Zavlis Orestis , Hartman Todd , McBride Orla , Bennett Kate , Butter Sarah , Levita Liat , Mason Liam , P. Martinez Anton , McKay Ryan , Murphy Jamie , Shevlin Mark , V.A. Stocks Thomas , P. Bentall Richard
Published: June 2021

This chapter will explore psychological and demographic influences on citizens’ ability to enact protective health behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic. Such behaviours include social distancing and hygienic practices that have been recommended across the globe to reduce the spread of infection from the coronavirus. Such behaviours represent a seismic change in usual social behaviour and have been particularly difficult to adopt under urgent circumstances. However, human behaviour is the essential driver of the rate and spread of infection. Using evidence from a large-scale longitudinal survey conducted throughout the pandemic in the UK, this chapter explores protective behaviours in relation to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model of behaviour change, which presents a framework for understanding the influences on behaviour. We will illustrate how the components of the COM-B model can inform behaviour change interventions and the importance of the role of anxiety in shaping behavioural responses to the pandemic.
Vitamin E in Human Skin: Functionality and Topical Products
Authors: Aparecida Sales de Oliveira Pinto Claudineia , Elyan Azevedo Martins Tércio , Miliani Martinez Renata , Batello Freire Thamires , Valéria Robles Velasco Maria , Rolim Baby André
Published: June 2021

Vitamins are part of the antioxidant system of human skin, and are detectable in different layers, so the topical application can be an alternative to maintain the functionality of the system. The capacity of the antioxidant gradient of keratinocytes is associated with attenuation of the action of related free radicals in both esthetics and health. These problems arise from extrinsic aging and are related to the risk of cancer. Vitamin E has been proven to have antioxidant and moisturizing properties in the skin and can protect against the damage of UVB radiation, with emphasis on the reduction of acute erythema and photoaging. The choice for the use of topical vitamin E, compared to the oral is given by the safety as mild irritation and it has potential for multifunctional topical formulations. The purpose of the chapter is to review the topical use of formulations with vitamin E, addressing the development, safe use and evaluation of effectiveness.
Vitamin D Deficiency in Pregnant Women and Newborn
Authors: Kanike Neelakanta , Kannekanti Naveen , Camacho Jenny
Published: June 2021

Vitamin-D is not only an essential element in bone health, but it is also a pro-hormone. Deficiency of vitamin D is the most common cause of rickets and is also known to increase the risk of respiratory distress syndrome, lower respiratory infections, food sensitivities, asthma, type I diabetes, autism and schizophrenia. Vitamin D deficiency limits the effective absorption of dietary calcium and phosphorus. Vitamin D status in newborns is entirely dependent on maternal supply during pregnancy. Low maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy is a major risk factor for rickets in infants. Rickets in children is caused by severe, chronic vitamin D deficiency with apparent skeletal abnormalities, but neonates with vitamin D insufficiency have no overt skeletal or calcium metabolism defects. Rickets was a global disease in the early twentieth century. It has nearly disappeared in developed countries after its causal pathway was understood and fortification of milk with the hormone vitamin D was introduced at the population level. Surprisingly, rickets is re-emerging per recent evidence. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in both developed and developing countries. The chapter will review the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and newborn population and its adverse effects on pregnancy and infant’s health. The chapter also describes evidence-based recommendations to prevent vitamin D deficiency in these vulnerable population.
Vitamin D and Dentistry
Authors: Gül Aydın Elif , Özdemir Öner
Published: June 2021

Vitamin D deficiency is a pandemic issue due to decreased vitamin D intake from food and lessened sunlight exposure. Attention is drawn to vitamin D and its role learned in notable clinical disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancers including oral ones. Vitamin D is also very effective along with minerals in the protection of oral health. Vitamin D helps maintain the calcium-phosphate balance and contributes to the shaping of the bone. It is reported that with sufficient vitamin D level, the onset and progression of caries in the tooth structure can be stopped, the formation of caries can be reduced and enamel loss can be prevented. Vitamin D also affects the disease and health conditions of the periodontium. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions have a role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disorders. It can reduce bone resorption and suppress the inflammatory outcome related to periodontal diseases by increasing mineral density. Vitamin D has been linked with tooth decay, gingivitis, and tooth loss. Vitamin D, in particular, as a promising oral health-protective agent, is said to lessen the incidence of caries and periodontitis.
Associated Etiologies of Enuresis in 5-to-15-Year-Old-Children
Authors: Sadeghi-Bojd Simin , Firouzkouhi Moghaddam Mahboube , Sharafkhani Elham , Soleimanzadeh Mousavi Seyed Hosein , Yaghoubi Saeedeh
Published: June 2021

Background: Enuresis is one of the most common problems in children with physical and psychological complications that can disturb their social relationships. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between enuresis and its associated etiologies in children aged 5 to 15 years in Zahedan. The study further contributes to an early realization of the parents of children with enuresis-associated problems. Methods: Following a descriptive design, 200 children (5 to 15 years old) suffering from enuresis referred to nephrology and psychiatric clinics in Zahedan in 2019 were recruited. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Of 200 children with enuresis, 134 (67%) were girls, and 66 (33%) were boys. Also, 174 (87%) were aged 5 - 10 years, and only 26 (13%) were 10 to 15 years old. Birth weight of 172 (86%) children was 2500 - 4000 g, 20 (10%) were < 2500g, and only 8 (4%) were > 4000 g. Fecal incontinence was observed in 99 cases (49%), and 101 (51%) did not have fecal incontinence. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was found in 80 (40%) cases. For 144 (72%) children, we found no stress, and 56 children (28%) had stress. Urinary tract infection was observed in 142 children (71%). According to imaging studies, 34 children (17%) with enuresis had congenital kidney abnormalities and 166 (83%) had no kidney problems. Conclusions: The significant etiologies typically found in the onset of enuresis and its exacerbation can be controlled or treated. Since the complications of enuresis have not been properly clarified for families, it is of crucial importance to increase awareness about this health problem.
Measuring Liveability in Iranian Cities Using the Global Liveable City Index (GLCI)
Authors: Khorrami Zahra , Mirzaee Moghaddameh , Fadakar Davarani Mohammad Mehdi , Khanjani Narges
Published: June 2021

Background: Urban liveability and its relationship with health indices is now an emerging topic in health research. In order to conduct liveability research, initially, the liveability index should be calculated according to a comprehensive, transparent, and standardized methodology. Objectives: The purpose of this paper was to apply the Global Liveable Cities Index (GLCI), to assess and rank liveability in 31 Iranian cities. Methods: The GLCI is based on 114 indicators in five domains, which include economic, environmental, security and stability, socio-cultural, and political factors. This study was based on two scenarios. The first scenario was to assign equal weights to each indicator. The second scenario was the Shapley weighing method and allocated different weights to indices. City rankings were calculated and compared in both scenarios. Results: The cities of Tehran, Sari, and Tabriz generally performed well in the overall liveability ranking. Tehran ranked first based on the economic vibrancy and competitiveness domain, while Sari, Karaj, and Tabriz held the second to fourth ranks in both methods, respectively. Tabriz ranked first in the environmental friendliness and sustainability and domestic security and stability domains, and Sari ranked first in the socio-cultural conditions domain. Tehran and Semnan had the first rank in the political governance domain. Conclusions: The ﬁndings of this research show that different cities of Iran are very different in regard to liveability. These rankings can help policymakers find out what domains need more attention to improve the liveability of cities.
Metaddiction: Addiction at Work in Martin Amis’ Money
Authors: Cohen Michael ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2021

This paper aims to explore the complex manner in which Martin Amis defines the state of addiction–as the sustained collapse of objectivity and subjectivity for any inhabitant of a social system–as well as how the systemic patterns of life impose, imprint, and perpetuate themselves upon the individual.
A Sociohistorical View of Addiction and Alcoholism
Authors: Severns Jen Royce ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2021

This essay is framed by the work of Edward Sampson (1993), and is a sociohistorical analysis of the institutional vicissitudes in American history that have formed the ground of our current version of the “truth” about drugs, alcohol, the drug addict and the alcoholic. The drug and alcohol discourse has been used throughout American history to institute and maintain normative ideals. These ideals are contoured by Western individualistic understandings of human being. They revolve around a theme of freedom seen as access to unlimited possibilities, which arises as a right for those individuals who are self-reliant. Alcoholics and addicts have been used as political identities, silently portraying the opposite and living out the underside of these normative ideals. As political identities they are used discursively to maintain mainstream illusions of self-reliance and to hide the falsehood of the capitalist promise of unfettered access to unlimited possibilities. Capitalist interests flourish through the maintenance of these illusions, and are able to disown responsibility via the silencing, through embodiment, of those who have been marginalized. This self-celebratory discourse is, hence, a monologue that undermines the possibility of hierarchical revolutions. Encapsulated in the embodiment of the alcoholic and addict are the covering over of political conflicts, the leveling down of difference, and the marginalizing of those who represent dialogical possibility. Twelve-step mutual help organizations participate in self-celebratory monologues that maintain the version of truth supportive of the agendas of the wealthy; however, they also offer an other-centered strategy by which dialogue again becomes possible.