bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Welfare and Distributional Impacts of Financial Liberalization in an Open Economy: Lessons from a Multi-Sectoral Dynamic CGE Model for Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Keshab
Published: December 2016

By equalizing rates of return across sectors, financial liberalization improves efficiency and equalizes the distribution of income. Efficiency gained in the allocation of resources increases capital usage more in previously heavily repressed sectors such as agriculture and textile, allowing up to a 19 percent expansion in production and employment. The savings and investment responses, degree of factor substitutions, are higher in the complete liberalization than in partial or piecemeal liberalization. Income, consumption, utility and overall welfare of rural and urban households increase. Liberalization is not effective if savings are used in accumulations of unproductive assets i.e. gold, jewellery, urban land, and foreign exchange. Financial liberalization improves the distribution of income by raising the wage rate of rural labor than for urban labor as rural labour-intensive sectors invest more with increased access to financial institutions and demand more labor to complement additional capital employed in these sectors.
Improving Teaching and Learning Outcomes – A Novel Cognitive Science Approach
Authors: MAJ Stanislaw Paul
Published: December 2016

Three principle approaches to education are behaviorism, constructivism and cognitive science. However beyond that there are a wide and diverse range of methods such as outcomes based education, problem based learning etc. All these approaches and methods have their associated advantages and disadvantages. The effectiveness of the educational process is measured by a learning taxonomy such as Bloom or Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome (SOLO). The paper links the cognitive science approach with the SOLO taxonomy as the basis of a quantitative approach to measuring cognitive load which is a measure of mental effort. This can then be used as the basis of curriculum design in order to optimize learning outcomes.
H.M. The King's Royally Initiated LERD Project on Community Wastewater Treatment through Small Wetlands and Oxidation Pond in Phetchaburi, Thailand
Authors: Chunkao Kasem , Tarnchalanukit Wit , Prabuddham Paiboon , Phewnil Onanong , Bualert Surat , Duangmal Kittichai , Pattamapitoon Thanit , Nimpee Chatri
Published: December 2016

The research on community wastewater treatment through small aquatic-planting and grass-filtration constructed wetland in cooperating with oxidation ponds is aimed to establish demonstration models for eliminating organic contaminants under nature-by-nature process, simple technology and less expenses. There have been 7 small wetlands on 100-m x 5-m x 0.75-m small vertical flow construction wetlands (VFCW), 7 small wetlands on 25-m x 5-m x 0.75-m small VFCW in cooperating with zero discharge, 2 experimental plots of planted mangrove forest and 5-consecutive oxidation ponds plus 3 herbivore fishes per square meter. For research operation, some municipal wastewater were pumped about 0.025-cms flow rate from Phetchaburi collected pond through 18.5-km HPDE pipe with separating receivers: firstly, to small grass and aquatic planted wetlands; secondly, to small constructed wetlands; thirdly, to the planted mangrove forest; and finally to the 5-consecutive ponds in descending order of 20 cm by beginning the depth of 2.6 m at the first pond (sedimentation pond) till 1.8 m at the last pond, In basic principles, an influent has to flow continuously at height of one-third depth below surface of oxidation pond on hydraulic retention time (HRT), then flowing over weir crest about 5 cm. The effluent of each oxidation pond was monthly sampled for analyzing the water quality in order to estimate the efficiency of wastewater treatment. In the same procedures, the effluent from small wetlands as grown by aquatic plants as well as zero discharge had to collect for water quality analysis. The results found the wastewater treatment efficiency above 60 percentages for COD, BOD, and TSS. The usable life of plants for maximum wastewater treatment efficiency were specified at 90 days and 45 days for aquatic plants (Typha angustifolia Linn. and Cyperus corymbosus Rottb.), respectively. It was noticed that small wetland and oxidation pond were suitable for community wastewater treatment and gained benefits from the wastewater treatment system.
Inclusión educativa. Actitudes y estrategias del profesorado
Authors: Garzón Castro Paula , Calvo Álvarez Mª Isabel , Orgaz Baz Mª Begoña
Published: December 2016

La educación inclusiva da respuesta al alumnado escolarizado en los centros educativos, independientemente de sus características y necesidades. Esto ha supuesto cambios metodológicos, curriculares y actitudinales por parte del profesorado. Los objetivos del estudio son evaluar las actitudes de los docentes hacia la inclusión, conocer las estrategias utilizadas en el aula y evaluar la incidencia de variables sociodemográficas y relacionadas con la práctica profesional, utilizando una metodología cuantitativa a través del cuestionario Actitudes y prácticas del profesorado relativas a la inclusión. La muestra está formada por 82 docentes. Los resultados determinan actitudes positivas hacia la inclusión y un uso frecuente de estrategias inclusivas en las aulas, a mayor actitud positiva mayor uso de estrategias. Las variables profesionales tienen mayor incidencia que las sociodemográficas tanto en las actitudes como en las estrategias utilizadas por los docentes.
El apoyo activo como herramienta para la mejora de la participación de la persona con discapacidad intelectual. Estado de la cuestión
Authors: Cuervo Rodríguez Tania , Iglesias García Maria Teresa , Fernández Fernández Samuel
Published: December 2016

El apoyo activo, a pesar de ser utilizado desde hace más de 20 años en otros lugares, aún es una metodología desconocida en los servicios que prestan apoyo a las personas con discapacidad intelectual y altas necesidades de apoyo en nuestro país. En este artículo se pretende realizar un acercamiento a la fundamentación y a las estrategias promulgadas por el apoyo activo, a través de una revisión documental de 24 estudios en los que se analizan los cambios observados, tanto en la vida de los residentes como en la actividad de los profesionales de apoyo directo tras la aplicación de esta metodología.
Sobre el concepto jurídico de persona con discapacidad y la noción de apoyos necesarios
Authors: De Fuentes García-Romero de Tejada Carlos
Published: December 2016

En el presente artículo se realiza una revisión del concepto jurídico de persona con discapacidad que es utilizado por la Ley General de Discapacidad de 2013, en consonancia con la Convención de Naciones Unidas sobre los derechos de las personas con discapacidad, y en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea. Se concibe como un concepto jurídico indeterminado que tiene su núcleo de certeza en la inexistencia de apoyos necesarios o ayudas para superar las barreras sociales que sufren las personas con deficiencias (físicas, mentales, intelectuales o sensoriales) previsiblemente permanentes. De ahí que la noción de apoyos necesarios deba tener una mayor relevancia en el concepto de persona con discapacidad y se estudien las consecuencias prácticas de esta tesis. Por último, se reflexiona tanto sobre la necesidad o no de tener una declaración administrativa para tener la consideración de persona con discapacidad como sobre la equiparación en todo caso entre esta noción y la de persona con incapacidad permanente de la Seguridad Social.
El subtitulado para sordos en España y Alemania: estudio comparado de los marcos normativos y la formación universitaria
Authors: Cuéllar Lázaro Carmen
Published: December 2016

En este estudio se presenta el panorama actual del subtitulado para sordos y personas con discapacidad auditiva (SPS) en España y Alemania desde una doble perspectiva. En primer lugar, presentamos el marco normativo que regula el sector audiovisual, analizando a su vez la evolución que se ha llevado a cabo en la implantación del SPS en televisión en ambos países. En segundo lugar, exponemos con una metodología descriptiva la situación formativa universitaria actual en estos países dentro del campo de la accesibilidad a los medios, centrándonos en la modalidad de subtitulado para sordos y personas con discapacidad auditiva. Se parte de la premisa de que una educación de calidad en ese ámbito debe tener en cuenta la formación de profesionales competentes en el ámbito de la traducción audiovisual.
Lesión medular y ejercicio físico: revisión desde una perspectiva deportiva
Authors: Brizuela Costa Gabriel , Romero Ávila José Luis , Beltrán Herranz Julia
Published: December 2016

Una de cada 2000 personas en Europa tiene lesión medular (LM), es normalmente más sedentaria que el resto de la población y encuentra diferentes problemas para practicar ejercicio físico (EF), destacando la escasa formación específica de los profesionales del deporte. Con el objetivo de aportar información sobre la LM y su interacción con la práctica deportiva, se realizó una revisión de literatura científica que analiza sus alteraciones músculoesqueléticas, cardiovasculares, respiratorias, de termorregulación, genitourinarias e intestinales, las úlceras por presión, la disreflexia autonómica y los aspectos nutricionales, generando recomendaciones prácticas. Como conclusión, la práctica habitual de EF reduce la incidencia de enfermedades respiratorias y cardiovasculares, mejorando la condición física, la autonomía personal y la salud de las personas con LM, así como su calidad y esperanza de vida, pero es imprescindible conocer sus características particulares tanto para optimizar su rendimiento deportivo como para evitar graves complicaciones médicas.
El rol de las familias españolas con hijos con discapacidad en la inclusión educativa. Una mirada histórico-normativa
Authors: García-García Fran J. , López-Torrijo Manuel
Published: December 2016

García-García, F. J. y López-Torrijo, M. (2016): “El rol de las familias españolas con hijos con discapacidad en la inclusión educativa. Una mirada histórico-normativa”. Revista Española de Discapacidad, 4 (2): 219-233.
Estudio sobre percepción de valores éticos en un proyecto de desarrollo tecnológico
Authors: Sainz de Salces Fausto Javier , Bustamante Donas Javier
Published: December 2016

Sainz de Salces, F. J. y Bustamante Donas, J. (2016): “Estudio sobre percepción de valores éticos en un proyecto de desarrollo tecnológico”. Revista Española de Discapacidad, 4 (2): 241-251.
Community of practice i indywidualizacja w nauczaniu
Authors: Karwowska-Struczyk Małgorzata
Published: December 2016

Community of practice and the individualization of the educational process are the central concepts of the author’s reflections. In the article, selected conceptualizations of the community of practice have been presented. They have been found to be a starting point for the individualization of the educational approach to children at preschool and school age. The importance of the involvement of the whole local community in creating the educational environment has been shown on a basis of two ready for use models of community of practice proposed by P. Moss and R. Myers. The concept of individualization has been considered in the second part of the text. In this respect, self-esteem, as the major factor of the personalization of the educational dialogue between an adult (teacher) and a child, has been underlined. Its potential strength in determining the effects of the personalized interactions between an adult and a child has been highlighted.
Creation of prosocial play experiences inspired by Noddings’s ideas of centers of care
Authors: Nowak-Fabrykowski Krystyna , Gursky Ranay , Keck-Warren Stephanie
Published: December 2016

This paper describes the implementation of Noddings’s ideas of creating centers as a platform for developing in children caring, prosocial behavior. Different centers such as a veterinary center, grocery store, house, baby center, woodworking center, hairdressing, block center, and composting and recycling activities based on play, provide opportunities for stimulating the social development of children and create a caring community of learners based on sharing, helping each other, working as a team and caring for others’ wellbeing.
The learning environment as a space for changes Summary
Authors: Nowak Jolanta
Published: December 2016

Science is not a simple increase of knowledge, but a change in state of mind. This demands a personalized approach to the teaching/learning process, the consideration of new spaces serving to gain information and experiences, as well as making use of the dialogical nature of man to create a learning community. The child cannot be a background for teachers’ actions but an authentic real creator of his/her development. School should evolve from a socially and culturally authorised knowledge-transferring institution into an agency which will be a community of life and work. This paper focuses on selected aspects of a new culture of learning: constructive, self-regulated, situated and collaborative, that prepares the student for smooth functioning in a world marked by change.
Wartości w świecie dziecka w przekonaniach dorosłych – przyszłych nauczycieli
Authors: Nowicka Marzenna
Published: December 2016

Educational practice is directly connected with how and what teachers think about the students. In the text are presented the results of researches into common beliefs of students from teaching faculties concerning values in the children’s world. Analyses show worrying tendencies in the way of thinking of future teachers about the students: they perceive them as being passive, very dependent on adults, concentrated on themselves, potentially more prone to harm rather than to good. In the understanding of students, children learn bad values from pathological adults, peers, and the media.
Inkluzja edukacyjna na etapie przedszkola w rozumieniu rodziców dzieci niepełnosprawnych
Authors: Myśliwczyk Iwona
Published: December 2016

In the field of education we observe many positive changes in equalising educational opportunities for children and young people with disabilities. The most important changes have led to the inclusive paradigm which posits education of disabled children together with children with special educational needs. The article deals with issues related to educational inclusion, variously understood by parents of disabled children. Parents experiencing the disability of their children tend to normalize their lives, including education in a mainstream kindergarten. When talking about their children’s education, they unveiled personal meanings given to this event, showed their individual truths and the reality they experience. The stories they told were given a subjective meaning, which from their perspective is important and shapes their being.
Rozwijanie mądrości a podstawa programowa wychowania przedszkolnego
Authors: Płóciennik Elżbieta
Published: December 2016

The author would like to draw the reader’s attention to the need to introduce Teaching for Wisdom into Polish education under the current core curriculum. The analysis of the records in the core curriculum of preschool education is an example here. Their interpretation in the light of the teaching for wisdom objectives can help Polish teachers to organize conditions in order to support the development of wisdom, at pre-school age.
Kontrowersje wokół esejów z pedagogiki wczesnoszkolnej
Authors: Żebrowska Edyta
Published: December 2016

Recenzja książki Danuty Waloszek, Nauczyciel w dzieciństwie człowieka. Doświadczenie
– kompetencja – refleksyjność. Kraków 2015, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu
Pedagogicznego, ss. 329.
“True fiction” – the memory and the postmemory of traumatic war events in a picturebook
Authors: Howorus-Czajka Magdalena
Published: December 2016

The World War II has left an emotional wound, and its direct victims as well as new generations have to cope with it. The main subject of my presentation will be an analysis of methods for presenting World War II history in against the background of a theory of memory and postmemory of war’s trauma through the example of picturebooks which were published in Poland during the first two decades of the XXI century. I would like to discuss the main trends in presenting the issues pertaining to the war. The transcription of the Second World War memory into picturebooks is especially interesting for me as a historian of art. I analyse the artistic styles adapted by the artists to express difficult topics, such as the holocaust, the horror of concentrations camps, hunger, fear, loss of family, death. Composition, artistic techniques, colour, vocabulary, typography – these are the tools in the hands of artists through which they can not only tell the story, but also stir up emotions and shape the personality. The picturebook, like other types of art, operates through the language of fiction to tell the truth. Art is one of the languages of historical narration
Social issues in children picturebook apps and their reception by the parents of children in early education
Authors: Cackowska Małgorzata , Zając Michał
Published: December 2016

The aim of the paper was to assess the growing interest – among both the general public and academia – in the phenomenon of picturebook apps, i.e. products for children dedicated to mobile devices with touchscreens. As the object of interest 4 picturebook apps were chosen, which in different ways present topics connected with social issues (exclusion, sexuality, “otherness”). A selected sample of pre-school children parents were presented with the apps and then interviewed (qualitative research) in order to collect their opinions regarding both the apps and the topics raised in their content. The acquired data documents different attitudes towards the apps – ranging from very open to close minded.
Picturebook, Democracy and Social Change – a report.
Among books and science
Authors: Mikulewicz Klaudyna , Prósinowski Piotr
Published: December 2016

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Functional efficiency in persons with lumbar spine discopathy after treatment at a health resort
Authors: Puszczałowska-Lizis Ewa , Zwiercan Iwona
Published: December 2016

Lower back pain is the most common cause of limitation in different spheres of a person’s life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of health-resort therapy on the functional efficiency in persons with discopathy of the lumbar spine, compared to a control group.

360 people aged 50-60 with discopathy of the lumbar spine, including 180 boarders of the “Piast” Health Resort in Iwonicz-Zdrój (experimental group) and 180 ambulatory patients of the REH-MED Non-public Healthcare Centre in Jasło (control group) were surveyed three times. The research tool was the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The Anova Friedman test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for analyses.

In the study performed 3 months after the end of therapy, in the health-resort patients, the pain less often disrupted sleep (p=0.001) and locomotion (p=0.045) compared to the ambulatory group. After the end of therapy, patients from the experimental group achieved much better results regarding social life (p=0.037) and the effects persisted at constant level for 3 months after stopping treatment (p=0.505).

Application procedures based on mineral resources increases efficiency of therapy aimed at improvement of functioning in daily life in persons with discopathy of the lumbar spine. Distant effects of health-resort spa therapy are especially observable in the improvement of sleep, walking ability and also in the area of social life.

Puszczałowska-Lizis E., Zwiercan I. Functional efficiency in persons with lumbar spine discopathy after treatment at a health resort. Med Rehabil 2016; 20(3): 31-37. DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0009.5012
The use of digital technology in substance misuse recovery
Authors: Dugdale Stephanie , Elison Sarah , Davies Glyn , Ward Jonathan , Jones Michaela
Published: December 2016

Alongside recent trends in the purchasing of illicit substances online, there has been a growth in the availability of online resources dedicated to treatment and recovery from substance misuse, including online interventions, mutual-aid groups and forums. Currently however, there is a lack of research on the utilisation of these online resources. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the use of these online resources by employing online data collection techniques. A quantitative online survey was used to investigate the range of online recovery resources used, and to compare the types of resources used at different stages of the substance misuse recovery journey. Qualitative online interviews were also conducted to investigate how individuals use these online resources alongside traditional offline recovery resources. Analyses revealed that forums were the most widely accessed online resource, however participants who were currently working towards abstinence were more likely to use therapeutic resources that explore the underlying causes behind substance misuse and help to manage these difficulties. Qualitative findings suggested an interaction between online and offline recovery resources. For example, participants reported that online resources may provide initial contact information for offline recovery meetings, or that offline support with developing digital skills may facilitate access to online resources. Despite these apparent benefits, there is limited signposting advice to direct people to appropriate online treatment and recovery resources for their substance misuse, so it is hoped that the findings from this study will help to inform future research around the production of such signposting advice.
Help-giving and moral courage on the Internet
Authors: Kinnunen Suna P. , Lindeman Marjaana , Verkasalo Markku
Published: December 2016

The study addressed individual differences on two types of prosocial behavior on the Internet: help-giving/sharing and moral courage. A questionnaire to measure these behaviors was developed. We investigated the effects of the Big Five personality traits, sadistic traits, and values on help-giving and moral courage. We found that the willingness to help on the Internet was promoted by open personality, and the relationship was partly moderated by high weekly use of social media. The willingness to act morally courageous was promoted by open personality, inclination toward sadism, and self-transcendence values. Surprisingly, the relationship between moral courage and sadistic traits was not moderated by the time spent online. Willingness to donate to a charity was fostered by benevolence and universalism values. Future studies will need to replicate the results with behavioral observations.
Privacy cynicism: A new approach to the privacy paradox
Authors: Hoffmann Christian Pieter , Lutz Christoph , Ranzini Giulia
Published: December 2016

Privacy concerns among Internet users are consistently found to be high. At the same time, these concerns do not appear to generate a corresponding wave of privacy protection behavior. A number of studies have addressed the apparent divergence between users’ privacy concerns and behavior, with results varying according to context. Previous research has examined user trust, lack of risk awareness and the privacy calculus as potential solutions to the “privacy paradox”. Complementing these perspectives, we propose that some users faced with seemingly overwhelming privacy threats develop an attitude of “privacy cynicism”, leading to a resigned neglect of protection behavior. Privacy cynicism serves as a cognitive coping mechanism, allowing users to rationalize taking advantage of online services despite serious privacy concerns. We conduct an interdisciplinary literature review to define the core concept, then empirically substantiate it based on qualitative data collected among German Internet users.
Protiprávnost – co je jejím zdrojem v soukromém právu?
Authors: Elischer David
Published: December 2016

S ohledem na rekodifikaci se objevují názory směřující k přiblížení či dokonce ztotožnění dvou samostatných předpokladů odpovědnosti, a to protiprávnosti se zaviněním. Opírajíce se o vymezení domněnek nedbalosti, zaznívají stanoviska, jak je třeba chápat zavinění, resp. nedbalost a jaký standard posouzení (ryze objektivní, diferencovaně objektivní, subjektivizovaný a ryze subjektivní) má být na ni aplikován. Domnívám se, že nezbytným předpokladem k uvedeným úvahám (a teoretickým řešením) má být rovněž analýza protiprávnosti z hlediska jejího smyslu a funkcí v deliktním systému. Účelem příspěvku je proto – kromě přiblížení komparativního kontextu (Rakousko, Německo, Francie, Švýcarsko, Nizozemí) – rozbor konceptu protiprávnosti v rekodifikované české úpravě se zřetelem k nové textaci generálních klauzulí občanskoprávní odpovědnosti a prevenčních norem. Smyslem analýzy je poukázat na užitečnost důsledného oddělení, resp. rozlišení protiprávnosti a zavinění a na jejich rozdílné funkce v deliktním systému. Mám totiž za to, že zavinění by nemělo splynout s protiprávností, tj. nemělo by se dále významně objektivizovat, a mělo by dále plnit funkci určitého subjektivního korektivu při vzniku občanskoprávní odpovědnosti založené na zavinění.
Vliv vydědění na potomky vyděděného
Authors: Talanda Adam , Talandová Iveta
Published: December 2016

Příspěvek se zabývá úpravou vydědění obsaženou v občanském zákoníku, a to především možností zůstavitele vztáhnout vydědění na potomky vyděděného. Současná úprava umožňuje zůstaviteli vztáhnout vydědění také na potomky vyděděného, avšak rozlišuje přitom, zda vyděděný zůstavitele přežil či nikoli. Zároveň ale formulace zákona směřuje toliko k vyloučení potomků vyděděného z jejich práva na dědický podíl, ne už z práva na povinný díl. Rozdílná úprava platí u dědické nezpůsobilosti, která se vztahuje jen na dědicky nezpůsobilého dědice a nikoli na jeho potomky, přestože se jedná o srovnatelnou situaci.
Svěřenský fond jako nástroj vhodný ke správě výživného určeného k tvorbě úspor
Authors: Grochová Martina , Vitoul Vlastimil
Published: December 2016

Příspěvek pojednává o institutu výživného určeného k tvorbě úspor, jeho smyslu a účelovém určení takto naspořených částek. Autoři se zamýšlí nad úskalími spojenými se současnou úpravou správy takto naspořených částech. Příspěvek představuje institut svěřenského fondu jakožto flexibilní nástroj vhodný pro efektivní správu majetku. Demonstruje jaké výhody by mohla přinést možnost využití svěřenského fondu pro správu výživného určeného k tvorbě úspor.
Aktuální stav, právní předpoklady a východiska soukromoprávního vymáhání škody způsobené porušením soutěžního práva v ČR
Authors: Kubeša Tomáš
Published: December 2016

V dubnu 2014 byla přijata nová směrnice o soukromoprávním vymáhání škody z porušení soutěžního práva. Tato směrnice má za cíl zlepšit podmínky pro soukromoprávní žaloby v této oblasti. Přesto, že před českými soudy probíhá řada řízení v těchto věcech, stále nejsou k dispozici žádná pravomocná rozhodnutí. Tento článek se pokouší porovnat nové nástroje, zaváděné směrnicí s již existujícími nástroji, použitelnými žalobci pro vymáhání škody. Článek se také pokouší předpovědět, zdali nová směrnice bude dostatečnou pobídkou, vedoucí ke zvýšení počtu a úspěšnosti žalob na náhradu škody v soutěžních věcech.
Understanding the Information Needs of Large-Scale Digital Library Users
Authors: Zavalina Oksana , Vassilieva Elena V.
Published: December 2016

This paper reports on the results of a comparative study of user search logs in two large-scale, domain-specific digital libraries functioning in the United States: the National Science Digital Library and Opening History. Results demonstrate varying levels of use of advanced search options and substantial differences in the search query lengths, search query frequencies, and distribution of search categories in queries. The empirical data on how the members of the target communities search can be used in deriving important information for domain-specific digital library developers’ decisions regarding both the details of information organization and support of various search features.
Aplicação do modelo outcome present state test em paciente com insuficiência cardíaca congestiva
Authors: Gonçalves Laryssa Wilson Paiva , Pompeo Daniele Alcalá
Published: December 2016

Estudio de caso de paciente de edad avanzada internada en la unidad médico-quirúrgica por insuficiencia cardíaca descompensada, con el objetivo de identificar, a través del modelo clínico de razonamiento Outcome Present State Test (OPT), los diagnósticos, resultados e intervenciones de enfermería. La recogida de datos se realizó mediante el instrumento previamente validado enfocado en las condiciones cardiológicas. Los diagnósticos, resultados e intervenciones se llevaron a cabo con el uso de sistemas estandarizados de lenguaje NANDA-I Inc., Nursing Outcomes Classification y Nursing Interventions Classification. El diagnóstico principal fue disminución del gasto cardíaco. Los resultados y las intervenciones elegidas estaban relacionados con las condiciones cardíacas y respiratorias, la sobrecarga de líquidos, ansiedad, fatiga, perfusión tisular periférica, conocimiento y autocontrol de la insuficiencia cardíaca, signos vitales y mejora del sueño. La tercera generación del proceso de enfermería, representada por los OPT, ayudó a identificar las principales necesidades del paciente y a conducir la planificación de la atención basada en las prioridades de atención.
Conhecimento do paciente sobre a assistência hospitalar recebida durante sua internação
Authors: Pedro Danielli Rafaeli Candido , Silva Gleicy Kelly Teles da , Molin Thiago Dal , Oliveira João Lucas Campos de , Nicola Anair Lazzari , Tonini Nelsi Salete
Published: December 2016

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar el conocimiento del paciente sobre su estado de salud y la atención hospitalaria durante su internación. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo cuantitativo de corte transversal realizado en dos unidades de internación de un hospital escuela del estado de Paraná, Brasil. Los datos fueron recogidos entre junio y agosto en una muestra probabilística (n = 165) de los pacientes elegibles, a partir de un formulario específico previamente evaluado y probado para comprobar el conocimiento de los pacientes sobre su problema de salud y sobre la atención hospitalaria, así como de otros documentos. Después de tabular los datos se efectuó el análisis estadístico descriptivo en medidas de proporción. La mayoría de los usuarios conocía su diagnóstico médico (73,94%); el tratamiento propuesto (82,42%); y sabía qué pruebas le harían (87,84%). Por otro lado, no conocía el resultado de las pruebas (70,91%); la medicación utilizada (80,14%), ni su indicación y riesgos (51.52%). El médico fue el profesional más reconocido (40%) como proveedor de información durante la hospitalización. Se concluyó que el paciente tiene poco conocimiento sobre el sistema hospitalario que se limita únicamente a los aspectos más básicos de su problema de salud, lo que corrobora su pasividad en la atención y, posiblemente, reduce su participación en los cuidados.
From Peril to Promise: Repositioning Higher Education for the Reconstruction of Africa’s Future
Authors: Oanda Ibrahim , Sall Ebrima
Published: December 2016

What efforts and policy commitments need to be made, to ensure that higher education in Africa is central to realizing Africa’s development imperatives? Both in Africa and among the development partner community, academics and policy makers recognize the importance of higher education for Africa’s development. Public and private higher education institutions are expanding, boosting enrollments. In most countries, new buffer bodies have been created to provide governance oversight, guarantee greater institutional autonomy from undue political control, and strengthen the institutions, to allow them engage in national and continental development issues. Greater policy commitments from the African Union Commission (AUC) have rejuvenated regional higher education bodies working to set quality assurance frameworks, and reorganized commissions for science and technology that are mobilizing funding for research and innovation for higher education institutions. Are these developments leveraging higher education institutions to play new important roles in crafting Africa’s future? What will it take for Africa’s higher education to be pivotal in reconstructing Africa’s future?---Quels sont les efforts et les engagements politiques qui doivent être mis en œuvre pour s’assurer que l’enseignement supérieur joue un rôle central dans la réalisation des impératifs de développement en Afrique ? Que ce soit en Afrique ou parmi la communauté des partenaires du développement, les universitaires et les décideurs politiques reconnaissent l’importance de l’enseignement supérieur pour le développement du continent. Les établissements d’enseignement supérieur publiques et privés se développent, entraînant une augmentation des inscriptions. Dans la plupart des pays, de nouveaux organismes tampons ont été créés afin d’assurer une surveillance de la gouvernance, de garantir une plus grande autonomie institutionnelle vis-à-vis d’un contrôle politique injustifié, et de renforcer les institutions pour leur permettre de s’engager pleinement dans des enjeux de développement à l’échelle nationale et continentale.Un plus grand engagement politiques de la part de la Commission de l’Union Africaine (CUA) a permis de revivifier l’activité d’organismes régionaux d’enseignement supérieur chargés d’instaurer des cadres d’assurance qualité, et de mener à la réorganisation des commissions pour la science et la technologie qui mobilisent les fonds pour la recherche et l’innovation destinés aux établissements d’enseignement supérieur. Ces développements ont-ils poussé les institutions d’enseignement supérieur à jouer d’importants nouveaux rôles dans l’élaboration de l’avenir africain ? Que faudra-t-il faire pour que l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique devienne central dans la reconstruction de l’avenir de l’Afrique ?
Byens hemmelige huse - latriner fra vikingetid og middelalder
Authors: Fruergaard Keyes Janne
Published: December 2016

Formålet med artiklen er at sætte fokus på forholdet til kroppen, tabu og renlighed ud fra kendskabet til vikingetids- og middelalderlatriner og at efterprøve fortærskede teorier om, at man skulle have gået rundt i sit eget skidt.
Biskoppernes latrin. En tværvidenskabelig undersøgelse af 1700-tals latrin fra Aalborg
Authors: Mose Jensen Peter , Vrængmose Jensen Christian , Linaa Jette , Ørnbjerg Jakob
Published: December 2016

„Arkæologen må risikere sorte negle“ – Sådan skrev museumsinspektør ved Aalborg Historiske Museum, Peter Riismøller, i det lille jubilæumsskrift „Urene kilder. Et fund af husgeråd fra renæssancetid“, der udkom i 1963. Her præsenterede Riismøller i ord og billeder fund fra museets udgravninger af latrinkasser og affaldsgruber fra renæssancens Aalborg. Blandt de omtalte latriner var også biskoppens latrin, der blev udgravet i forbindelse med nedrivningen af Aalborgs eftermiddelalderlige bispegård i 1937. Omtrent 80 år efter fundet, i 2016, fik vi mulighed for at udføre en tværvidenskabelig undersøgelse af dette latrin og dets indhold. Denne undersøgelse har bidraget med ny viden om fødevarer, forbrug og internationale kontakter i en af 1600-tallets største danske købstæder.
Response repetition biases in human perceptual decisions are explained by activity decay in competitive attractor models
Authors: Bonaiuto James J , Berker Archy de , Bestmann Sven
Published: December 2016

Animals and humans have a tendency to repeat recent choices, a phenomenon known as choice hysteresis. The mechanism for this choice bias remains unclear. Using an established, biophysically informed model of a competitive attractor network for decision making, we found that decaying tail activity from the previous trial caused choice hysteresis, especially during difficult trials, and accurately predicted human perceptual choices. In the model, choice variability could be directionally altered through amplification or dampening of post-trial activity decay through simulated depolarizing or hyperpolarizing network stimulation. An analogous intervention using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) yielded a close match between model predictions and experimental results: net soma depolarizing currents increased choice hysteresis, while hyperpolarizing currents suppressed it. Residual activity in competitive attractor networks within dlPFC may thus give rise to biases in perceptual choices, which can be directionally controlled through non-invasive brain stimulation.
Functional evolution of a morphogenetic gradient
Authors: Kwan Chun Wai , Gavin-Smyth Jackie , Ferguson Edwin L , Schmidt-Ott Urs
Published: December 2016

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) pattern the dorsal-ventral axis of bilaterian embryos; however, their roles in the evolution of body plan are largely unknown. We examined their functional evolution in fly embryos. BMP signaling specifies two extraembryonic tissues, the serosa and amnion, in basal-branching flies such as Megaselia abdita, but only one, the amnioserosa, in Drosophila melanogaster. The BMP signaling dynamics are similar in both species until the beginning of gastrulation, when BMP signaling broadens and intensifies at the edge of the germ rudiment in Megaselia, while remaining static in Drosophila. Here we show that the differences in gradient dynamics and tissue specification result from evolutionary changes in the gene regulatory network that controls the activity of a positive feedback circuit on BMP signaling, involving the tumor necrosis factor alpha homolog eiger. These data illustrate an evolutionary mechanism by which spatiotemporal changes in morphogen gradients can guide tissue complexity.
EMC1-dependent stabilization drives membrane penetration of a partially destabilized non-enveloped virus
Authors: Bagchi Parikshit , Inoue Takamasa , Tsai Billy
Published: December 2016

Destabilization of a non-enveloped virus generates a membrane transport-competent viral particle. Here we probe polyomavirus SV40 endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-cytosol membrane transport, a decisive infection step where destabilization initiates this non-enveloped virus for membrane penetration. We find that a member of the ER membrane protein complex (EMC) called EMC1 promotes SV40 ER membrane transport and infection. Surprisingly, EMC1 does so by using its predicted transmembrane residue D961 to bind to and stabilize the membrane-embedded partially destabilized SV40, thereby preventing premature viral disassembly. EMC1-dependent stabilization enables SV40 to engage a cytosolic extraction complex that ejects the virus into the cytosol. Thus EMC1 acts as a molecular chaperone, bracing the destabilized SV40 in a transport-competent state. Our findings reveal the novel principle that coordinated destabilization-stabilization drives membrane transport of a non-enveloped virus.
Trends in mortality rates of cutaneous melanoma in East Asian populations
Authors: Chen Ling , Jin Shaofei
Published: December 2016

The incidence of cutaneous melanoma (CM) has rapidly increased over the past four decades. CM is often overlooked in East Asian populations due to its low incidence, despite East Asia making up 22% of the world’s population. Since the 1990s, Caucasian populations have seen a plateau in CM mortality rates; however, there is little data investigating the mortality rates of CM in East Asian populations. In this study, the World Health Organization Mortality Database with the joinpoint regression method, and a generalized additive model were used to investigate trends in age standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) of CM in four East Asia regions (Japan, Republic of Korea (Korea), China: Hong Kong (Hong Kong), and Singapore) over the past six decades. In addition, mortality rate ratios by different variables (i.e., sex, age group, and region) were analyzed. Our results showed ASMRs of CM in East Asia significantly increased non-linearly over the past six decades. The joinpoint regression method indicated women had greater annual percentage changes than men in Japan, Korea, and Hong Kong. Men had significantly greater mortality rate ratio (1.51, 95% CI [1.48–1.54]) than women. Mortality rate ratios in 30−59 and 60+ years were significant greater than in the 0−29 years. Compared to Hong Kong, mortality rate ratio was 0.72 (95% CI [0.70–0.74]) times, 0.73 (95% CI [0.70–0.75]) times, and 1.02 (95% CI [1.00–1.05]) times greater in Japan, Korea, and Singapore, respectively. Although there is limited research investigating CM mortality rates in East Asia, results from the present study indicate that there is a significant growth in the ASMRs of CM in East Asian populations, highlighting a need to raise awareness of CM in the general population.
Reappraisal of Europe’s most complete Early Cretaceous plesiosaurian:Brancasaurus brancaiWegner, 1914 from the “Wealden facies” of Germany
Authors: Sachs Sven , Hornung Jahn J. , Kear Benjamin P.
Published: December 2016

The holotype ofBrancasaurus brancaiis one of the most historically famous and anatomically complete Early Cretaceous plesiosaurian fossils. It derived from the Gerdemann & Co. brickworks clay pit near Gronau (Westfalen) in North Rhine-Westphalia, northwestern Germany. Stratigraphically this locality formed part of the classic European “Wealden facies,” but is now more formally attributed to the upper-most strata of the Bückeberg Group (upper Berriasian). Since its initial description in 1914, the type skeleton ofB. brancaihas suffered damage both during, and after WWII. Sadly, these mishaps have resulted in the loss of substantial information, in particular many structures of the cranium and limb girdles, which are today only evidenced from published text and/or illustrations. This non-confirmable data has, however, proven crucial for determining the relationships ofB. brancaiwithin Plesiosauria: either as an early long-necked elasmosaurid, or a member of the controversial Early Cretaceous leptocleidid radiation. To evaluate these competing hypotheses and compile an updated osteological compendium, we undertook a comprehensive examination of the holotype as it is now preserved, and also assessed other Bückeberg Group plesiosaurian fossils to establish a morphological hypodigm. Phylogenetic simulations using the most species-rich datasets of Early Cretaceous plesiosaurians incorporating revised scores forB. brancai, together with a second recently named Bückeberg Group plesiosaurianGronausaurus wegneri(Hampe, 2013), demonstrated that referral of these taxa to Leptocleididae was not unanimous, and that the topological stability of this clade is tenuous. In addition, the trait combinations manifested byB. brancaiandG. wegneriwere virtually identical. We therefore conclude that these monotypic individuals are ontogenetic morphs andG. wegneriis a junior synonym ofB. brancai. Finally, anomalies detected in the diagnostic features for other “Wealden” plesiosaurians have prompted reconsiderations of interspecies homology versus intraspecific variability. We therefore propose that the still unresolved taxonomy ofB. brancaishould emphasize only those character states evident in the examinable fossil material, and specifically accommodate for growth-related modifications delimited via osteologically mature referred specimens.
Brain transcriptomes of harbor seals demonstrate gene expression patterns of animals undergoing a metabolic disease and a viral infection
Authors: Rosales Stephanie M. , Vega Thurber Rebecca L.
Published: December 2016

Diseases of marine mammals can be difficult to diagnose because of their life history and protected status. Stranded marine mammals have been a particularly useful resource to discover and comprehend the diseases that plague these top predators. Additionally, advancements in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) has contributed to the discovery of novel pathogens in marine mammals. In this study, we use a combination of HTS and stranded harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) to better understand a known and unknown brain disease. To do this, we used transcriptomics to evaluate brain tissues from seven neonatal harbor seals that expired from an unknown cause of death (UCD) and compared them to four neonatal harbor seals that had confirmed phocine herpesvirus (PhV-1) infections in the brain. Comparing the two disease states we found that UCD animals showed a significant abundance of fatty acid metabolic transcripts in their brain tissue, thus we speculate that a fatty acid metabolic dysregulation contributed to the death of these animals. Furthermore, we were able to describe the response of four young harbor seals with PhV-1 infections in the brain. PhV-1 infected animals showed a significant ability to mount an innate and adaptive immune response, especially to combat viral infections. Our data also suggests that PhV-1 can hijack host pathways for DNA packaging and exocytosis. This is the first study to use transcriptomics in marine mammals to understand host and viral interactions and assess the death of stranded marine mammals with an unknown disease. Furthermore, we show the value of applying transcriptomics on stranded marine mammals for disease characterization.
An extensive comparison of species-abundance distribution models
Authors: Baldridge Elita , Harris David J. , Xiao Xiao , White Ethan P.
Published: December 2016

A number of different models have been proposed as descriptions of the species-abundance distribution (SAD). Most evaluations of these models use only one or two models, focus on only a single ecosystem or taxonomic group, or fail to use appropriate statistical methods. We use likelihood and AIC to compare the fit of four of the most widely used models to data on over 16,000 communities from a diverse array of taxonomic groups and ecosystems. Across all datasets combined the log-series, Poisson lognormal, and negative binomial all yield similar overall fits to the data. Therefore, when correcting for differences in the number of parameters the log-series generally provides the best fit to data. Within individual datasets some other distributions performed nearly as well as the log-series even after correcting for the number of parameters. The Zipf distribution is generally a poor characterization of the SAD.