bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional directed lamellar assembly in silicon- and fluorine-containing block copolymer with identical surface energies
Authors: Jeon Seungbae , Lee Seungjae , Kim Junsu , Eim Sungoh , Lee Wooseop , Nam Woo Hyun , Son Jeong Gon , Ryu Du Yeol
Published: December 2023

A block copolymer (BCP) with specific monomer structures of fluoroacrylate polymers was designed by exploiting the inorganic superhydrophobicity and low glass transition temperature of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). With the use of a fluorine-containing block providing a surface tension as low as that of PDMS (19.9 < $$\gamma$$
γ
 < 21.5 mN/m), PDMS-b-poly(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl acrylate) (PDMS-b-PPeFPA) copolymer was synthesized to create a volume-symmetric lamellar structure. The compositional randomness of the BCP chains adsorbed onto the substrates provided well-balanced interfacial interactions toward the overlaid PDMS-b-PPeFPA ($$\gamma$$
γ
PDMS-ads ≈ $$\gamma$$
γ
PPeFPA-ads). Under this symmetric confinement with simultaneous dual neutral interfaces, lamellar microdomains with a sub-10 nm half-pitch feature size were successfully oriented perpendicular to the interfaces at room temperature. We showed the response of the BCP films to a lateral electric field, demonstrating that the perpendicular lamellae were adaptively aligned along the electric vector within a short treatment period. Furthermore, the PDMS-b-PPeFPA system exhibited a remarkable etch contrast for O2 reactive ion etching, yielding unidirectionally aligned air–inorganic nanoarrays emanating from the perpendicular lamellae between the electrodes. This study reports a system engineering approach for conceiving highly immiscible, silicon- and fluorine-containing BCP whose components exhibit identical surface tensions ($$\gamma$$
γ
PDMS ≈ $$\gamma$$
γ
PPeFPA) and for generating perpendicularly oriented lamellar microdomains due to substrate neutrality.
Revealing the primary role of the V4+/V5+ cycle in InVO4 catalysts for promoting the photo-Fenton reaction
Authors: Jin Lei , Liu Honglin , Ye Liqun , Huang Yingping , Liu Xiang , Huang Di
Published: December 2023

Herein, we prepared a series of InVO4 photocatalysts with different dominant surface defects (VO or VV) using different surfactants to investigate the effect of the surface defects of InVO4 catalysts upon photo-Fenton activity.
Polymer carbon nitride nanosheet-based lamellar membranes inspired by “couple hardness with softness” for ultrafast molecular separation in organic solvents
Authors: Yan Zhipeng , Zhang Liuqian , Sang Yudong , Li Dongyang , Wang Jingtao , Wang Jing , Zhang Yatao
Published: December 2023

Polymer carbon nitride nanosheets (PCNN) with low-friction surface were applied as main membrane building blocks. Inspired by the concept of “couple hardness with softness”, PCNN/GO membranes were prepared and showed ultrafast molecular separation.
Tuning of TRAIL clustering on the surface of nanoscale liposomes by phase separation
Authors: Zhang Zhenjiang , King Michael R.
Published: December 2023

The apoptotic ability of TRAIL for specific cell lines can be enhanced by conjugating TRAIL to the smaller phase of phase-separated liposomes and controlling the average number of TRAIL per liposome.
Assembly-fission synthesized fluorescent sulfur quantum dots combined with tyrosinase catalytic oxidation for selective detection of p-aminophenol in water samples
Authors: Gao Ming , Bian Chang , Zhao Hongjie , Wang Huili , Wang Xuedong
Published: December 2023

A SQD combined tyrosinase oxidation “ON–OFF” platform constructed for p-AP detection with low cost, high selectivity, convenience and high sensitivity.
Access to pyrrolines and fused diaziridines by selective radical addition to homoallylic diazirines
Authors: Ma Zhigang , Wu Xinxin , Li Haotian , Cao Zhu , Zhu Chen
Published: December 2023

A novel, divergent radical cyclization of homoallylic diazirines for the synthesis of pyrrolines and fused diaziridines is described.
Borylative transition metal-free couplings of vinyl iodides with various nucleophiles, alkenes or alkynes
Authors: Seidler Gesa , Schwenzer Max , Clausen Florian , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Studer Armido
Published: December 2023

The stereoselective synthesis of alkylboronic esters from vinyl iodides and various nucleophiles, alkenes or alkynes is presented. Reactions proceed through hydroborations and 1,2-metallate rearrangements without any transition metal catalyst.
Assessing Speech Production in Mandarin–English Bilingual Children: Comparison of Mandarin and English Sound Systems and Special Considerations
Authors: Yang Jie , Resendiz Maria
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

When assessing bilingual children's speech, it is important to determine whether the errors are indicative of a true speech sound disorder or a speech sound difference. The purpose of this tutorial is to provide cultural and linguistic background of Mandarin in comparison to English and to outline the process of speech production assessment for Mandarin–English bilingual children.

Method:

Pertinent literature was reviewed around varieties of Chinese, unique features of the Mandarin sound system, commonly used transcription methods (International Phonetic Alphabet andPinyin), and patterns of Mandarin-influenced English. Previous research findings on the acquisition of consonants, vowels, and tones in monolingual Mandarin-speaking children were summarized.

Results:

The assessment process including consonants, vowels, tones, syllable structures, and lexical stress was described and illustrated with flow charts. Recourses related to cultural and linguistic information of Mandarin and accessible assessment materials are referenced.

Conclusions:

A thorough knowledge of a child's language background is crucial in planning assessment of speech production for Mandarin–English bilingual children. A comparative understanding of the sound systems of Mandarin and English facilitates clinical decision making.
Stability and reliability analysis of a non‐isolated high gain DC‐DC converter
Authors: Rajesh Ramachandran , Prabaharan Natarajan
Published: December 2023

This paper investigates the stability and reliability analysis of a non‐isolated high‐gain DC‐DC converter. The proposed DC‐DC converter produces a high gain output voltage with a lower duty ratio and reduced voltage stress on the semiconductor switch. A reliability analysis is performed to predict the failure rate and lifetime of the individual components using the military handbook (MIL‐HDBK‐217F). A state space equation and small signal modeling of the proposed converter are derived to elucidate the performance of the proposed converter through stability analysis. A closed‐loop using PID controller is incorporated to attain the constant regulated output voltage during sudden parameter changes. The validation of the closed‐loop using the PID controller is verified with the wide range of variations in the different parameters, such as input voltage, load value, and reference voltage value. The laboratory‐based prototype is developed for the proposed converter and validated the performance with 250 W. The power density and efficiency of the proposed converter are 1.360 kW/L and 93%, respectively.
Endovascular Management of Falcine Dural Arteriovenous Fistula—A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Diyora Batuk , Devani Kavin , Purandare Anup , Wankhade Ravi , Palave Prakash , Shukla Pallavi , Dhall Gagan
Published: December 2023

Cranial dural arteriovenous (AV) fistulas are abnormal connections between the branches of dural arteries to dural veins or venous sinuses. They are most frequently located at the transverse sinus and cavernous sinus. They can occur at every cranial dural sinus. Dural AV fistula of falx cerebri is rare. A 62-year-old female presented with signs and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure. Radiological imaging revealed a dural AV fistula at the posterior one-third falx cerebri. She underwent transarterial embolization, and complete obliteration of the fistula was achieved. A detailed digital subtraction angiography study is warranted in patients with seemingly benign complaints like recurrent headaches, and falcine dural AV fistula should be identified and treated in the nick of time. We describe a very rare falcine dural AV fistula case and its management.
Spontaneous Subdural Empyema: A Case Report
Authors: Dutta Deep , Ahmed Shameem , Borkotoky Abhigyan
Published: December 2023

Subdural empyema is the collection of purulent material between the dura mater and arachnoid. Subdural empyema most often occurs due to the direct extension of local infection. But spontaneous subdural empyema is a rare entity. In literature, not many cases of spontaneous subdural empyema by Escherichia coli are reported. Here we report a case of spontaneous subdural empyema along with a review of literature who was previously treated on the suspicion of encephalitis with urinary tract infection and then brought to our hospital.
Macrophages that guard tissue could usher in targeted treatments
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: December 2023

By targeting and harnessing the immune control offered by macrophages, nanoparticles could treat neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases, and cancer.
Limitations to the energy resolution of single-photon sensitive microwave kinetic inductance detectors
Authors: De Lucia M. , Ulbricht G. , Baldwin E. , Piercy J. D. , Creaner O. , Bracken C. , Ray T. P.
Published: December 2023

This paper describes the energy resolution of microwave kinetic inductance detectors and models some limiting factors to it. Energy resolution is a measure of the smallest possible difference in energy of the impinging photons, ΔE, that the detector can identify and, as such, is of critical importance for many applications. Limits to the energy resolution caused by the Fano effect, amplifier noise, current inhomogeneities, and readout sampling frequency are taken into consideration for this model. This paper describes an approach to combine all of these limitations and predict a wavelength dependency of the upper limit to the resolving power.
Anomalous Nernst effect in perpendicularly magnetized τ-MnAl thin films
Authors: Scheffler D. , Beckert S. , Reichlova H. , Woodcock T. G. , Goennenwein S. T. B. , Thomas A.
Published: December 2023

τ-MnAl is interesting for spintronic applications as a ferromagnet with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy due to its high uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Here, we report on the anomalous Nernst effect of sputter deposited τ-MnAl thin films. We demonstrate a robust anomalous Nernst effect at temperatures of 200 and 300 K with a hysteresis similar to the anomalous Hall effect and the magnetization of the material. The anomalous Nernst coefficient of (0.6 ± 0.24) µV/K at 300 K is comparable to other perpendicular magnetic anisotropy thin films. Therefore, τ-MnAl is a promising candidate for spin-caloritronic research.
Two-Body Hadronic Weak Decays of Bottomed Hadrons
Authors: Zhang 张 Ying 颖 , He 何 Guangzhao 广朝 , Ye 叶 Quanxing 全兴 , Yan 严 Da-Cheng 大程 , Hua 华 Jun 俊 , Wang 王 Qian 倩
Published: December 2023

The structure of light diquarks plays a crucial role in formation of exotic hadrons beyond the conventional quark model, especially with regard to the line shapes of bottomed hadron decays. We study the two-body hadronic weak decays of bottomed baryons and bottomed mesons to probe the light diquark structure and to pin down the quark–quark correlations in the diquark picture. It is found that the light diquark does not favor a compact structure. For instance, the isoscalar diquark [ud] in

Λ
b
0

can be easily split and rearranged to form

Σ
c

(
*
)

D
¯

(
*
)

via the color-suppressed transition. This provides a hint that the hidden charm pentaquark states produced in

Λ
b
0

decays could be the

Σ
c

(
*
)

D
¯

(
*
)

hadronic molecular candidates. This quantitative study resolves the apparent conflicts between the production mechanism and the molecular nature of these Pc
states observed in experiment.
Optimal foraging strategies can be learned
Authors: Muñoz-Gil Gorka , López-Incera Andrea , Fiderer Lukas J , Briegel Hans J
Published: December 2023

The foraging behavior of animals is a paradigm of target search in nature. Understanding which foraging strategies are optimal and how animals learn them are central challenges in modeling animal foraging. While the question of optimality has wide-ranging implications across fields such as economy, physics, and ecology, the question of learnability is a topic of ongoing debate in evolutionary biology. Recognizing the interconnected nature of these challenges, this work addresses them simultaneously by exploring optimal foraging strategies through a reinforcement learning (RL) framework. To this end, we model foragers as learning agents. We first prove theoretically that maximizing rewards in our RL model is equivalent to optimizing foraging efficiency. We then show with numerical experiments that, in the paradigmatic model of non-destructive search, our agents learn foraging strategies which outperform the efficiency of some of the best known strategies such as Lévy walks. These findings highlight the potential of RL as a versatile framework not only for optimizing search strategies but also to model the learning process, thus shedding light on the role of learning in natural optimization processes.
Non-equilibrium steady states of electrolyte interfaces
Authors: Bier Markus
Published: December 2023

The non-equilibrium steady states of a semi-infinite quasi-one-dimensional univalent binary electrolyte solution, characterised by non-vanishing electric currents, are investigated by means of Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) theory. Exact analytical expressions of the electric field, the charge density and the number density are derived, which depend on the electric current density as a parameter. From a non-equilibrium version of the Grahame equation, which relates the total space charge per cross-sectional area and the corresponding contribution of the electric potential drop, the current-dependent differential capacitance of the diffuse layer is derived. In the limit of vanishing electric current these results reduce to those within Gouy-Chapman theory. It is shown that improperly chosen boundary conditions lead to non-equilibrium steady state solutions of the PNP equations with negative ion number densities. A necessary and sufficient criterion on surface conductivity constitutive relations is formulated which allows one to detect such unphysical solutions.
Spin–orbit interaction enabled high-fidelity two-qubit gates
Authors: Qi Jiaan , Liu Zhi-Hai , Xu Hongqi
Published: December 2023

We study the implications of spin–orbit interaction (SOI) for two-qubit gates (TQGs) in semiconductor spin qubit platforms. SOI renders the exchange interaction governing qubit pairs anisotropic, posing a serious challenge for conventional TQGs derived for the isotropic Heisenberg exchange. Starting from microscopic level, we develop a concise computational Hamiltonian that captures the essence of SOI, and use it to derive properties of the rotating-frame time evolutions. Two key findings are made. First, for the controlled-phase/controlled-Z gate, we show and analytically prove the existence of ‘SOI nodes’ where the fidelity can be optimally enhanced, with only slight modifications in terms of gate time and local phase corrections. Second, we discover and discuss novel two-qubit dynamics that are inaccessible without SOI—the reflection gate and the direct controlled-not gate (CNOT). The relevant conditions and achievable fidelities are explicitly derived for the direct CNOT.
Simulation study of ZnO nanorod geometry for the development of high-performance tactile sensors and energy harvesting devices
Authors: Ahmed Rehan , Kumar Pramod
Published: December 2023

ZnO exhibits an excellent piezoelectric response and can transduce mechanical energy into electrical signals by applying pressure. In particular, vertically aligned ZnO nanorods were thought to be of great importance because of their higher value of piezoelectric coefficient along the z-direction. In this study, various geometries of ZnO nanorods are explored and their effect on the strength of piezoelectric output potential is simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The simulation results show that out of many geometries and inclinations of ZnO nanorods, the highest piezoelectric output is demonstrated by the inclined ZnO nanorods due to the application of higher torque force or shear stress in similar applied force. The high torque force or shear stress at 60° orientation and optimized contributions from all the piezoelectric coefficients resulted in a high piezoelectric output potential close to 215 mV which is much higher than the vertically aligned ZnO nanorod which is approximately 25 mV.
Versatile and controlled quantum teleportation network
Authors: Zhou 周 Yao-Yao 瑶瑶 , Mei 梅 Peng-Xian 鹏娴 , Liu 刘 Yan-Hong 艳红 , Wu 吴 Liang 量 , Li 李 Yan-Xiang 雁翔 , Yan 闫 Zhi-Hui 智辉 , Jia 贾 Xiao-Jun 晓军
Published: December 2023

A quantum teleportation network involving multiple users is essential for future quantum internet. So far, controlled quantum teleportation has been demonstrated in a three-user network. However, versatile and controlled quantum teleportation network involving more users is in demand, which satisfies different combinations of users for practical requirements. Here we propose a highly versatile and controlled teleportation network that can switch among various combinations of different users. We use a single continuous-variable six-partite Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state to realize such a task by choosing the different measurement and feedback operations. The controlled teleportation network, which includes one sub-network, two sub-networks and three sub-networks, can be realized for different application of user combinations. Furthermore, the coherent feedback control (CFC) can manipulate and improve the teleportation performance. Our approach is flexible and scalable, and would provide a versatile platform for demonstrations of complex quantum communication and quantum computing protocols.
Ultrafast magneto-optical dynamics in nickel (111) single crystal studied by the integration of ultrafast reflectivity and polarimetry probes
Authors: Kuang 匡 Hao 皓 , Yu 余 Junxiao 军潇 , Chen 陈 Jie 洁 , Elsayed-Ali H. E. , Li 李 Runze 润泽 , Rentzepis Peter M.
Published: December 2023

With the integration of ultrafast reflectivity and polarimetry probes, we observed carrier relaxation and spin dynamics induced by ultrafast laser excitation of Ni (111) single crystals. The carrier relaxation time within the linear excitation range reveals that electron–phonon coupling and dissipation of photon energy into the bulk of the crystal take tens of picoseconds. On the other hand, the observed spin dynamics indicate a longer time of about 120 ps. To further understand how the lattice degree of freedom is coupled with these dynamics may require the integration of an ultrafast diffraction probe.
A Yb optical clock with a lattice power enhancement cavity
Authors: Wang 王 Chunyun 春云 , Yao 姚 Yuan 远 , Shi 师 Haosen 浩森 , Yu 于 Hongfu 洪浮 , Ma 马 Longsheng 龙生 , Jiang 蒋 Yanyi 燕义
Published: December 2023

We construct a power enhancement cavity to form an optical lattice in an ytterbium optical clock. It is demonstrated that the intra-cavity lattice power can be increased by about 45 times, and the trap depth can be as large as 1400E
r when laser light with a power of only 0.6 W incident to the lattice cavity. Such high trap depths are the key to accurate evaluation of the lattice-induced light shift with an uncertainty down to ∼1 × 10−18. By probing the ytterbium atoms trapped in the power-enhanced optical lattice, we obtain a 4.3 Hz-linewidth Rabi spectrum, which is then used to feedback to the clock laser for the close loop operation of the optical lattice clock. We evaluate the density shift of the Yb optical lattice clock based on interleaving measurements, which is –0.46(62) mHz. This result is smaller compared to the density shift of our first Yb optical clock without lattice power enhancement cavity mainly due to a larger lattice diameter of 344 μm.
Confined granular gases under the influence of vibrating walls
Authors: Mayo M , Petit J C , García de Soria M I , Maynar P
Published: December 2023

In this paper we study the dynamics of a system composed of inelastic hard spheres or disks that are confined between two parallel vertically vibrating walls (the vertical direction is defined as the direction perpendicular to the walls). The distance between the two walls is supposed to be larger than twice the diameter of the particles so that the particles can pass over each other, but is still much smaller than the dimensions of the walls. Hence, the system can be considered to be quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-one-dimensional) in the hard spheres (disks) case. For dilute systems, a closed evolution equation for the one-particle distribution function is formulated that takes into account the effects of the confinement. Assuming the system is spatially homogeneous, the kinetic equation is solved approximating the distribution function by a two-temperature (horizontal and vertical) Gaussian distribution. The obtained evolution equations for the partial temperatures are solved, finding a very good agreement with molecular dynamics simulation results for a wide range of parameters (inelasticity, height and density) for states whose projection over a plane parallel to the walls is homogeneous. In the stationary state, where the energy lost in collisions is compensated by the energy injected by the walls, the pressure tensor in the horizontal direction is analyzed and its relation with an instability of the homogeneous state observed in the simulations is discussed.
SCAM-GAN: Generating brain MR images from CT scan data based on CycleGAN combined with attention module
Authors: Liu Songming
Published: December 2023

The diagnosis of epilepsy often depends heavily on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Unfortunately, the utilization of MRI is constrained, due to its expensive price and lengthy operating times. More significantly, certain people with claustrophobia or cardiac pacemakers are not candidates for MRI owing to the risk of harm. Computed tomography (CT) images, in comparison, are considerably faster, cheaper, and free from the same restrictions. As opposed to conventional medical imaging synthetic techniques, which rely on abundant unpaired data or a minimum number of paired data, the proposed method in this study utilizes unpaired training data to predict an MR picture from a CT scan. This method overcomes tight registration problem in paired training and reduces the challenge of context mismatch in unpaired training. It is possible to convert 2D brain MR pictures from CT scans using the Spatial & Channel Attention Mechanism-Generative Adversarial Network (SCAM-GAN) that includes cycle-consistent and adversarial losses. The superiority of the proposed strategy was established by quantitative comparisons versus separate training approaches which are paired and unpaired.
Few-shot sheep counting based on density map regression
Authors: Liu Qiaokun
Published: December 2023

With the continuous expansion of breeding scale, the automatic counting of sheep has attracted a lot of research attention in recent years, which aims to count the number of sheep in real time to rationally use grassland resources and design appropriate agricultural production policies. The traditional method of counting sheep mainly relies on manual work, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Thanks to the rapid development of image acquisition equipment and pattern recognition technology, the recognition and counting of sheep based on deep learning has become the current mainstream counting framework. However, for dense flocks of sheep, such as occlusions between sheep, the accuracy of existing methods cannot meet the needs of practical applications. In this paper, we suggest FamNet, a few-shot sheep counting method based on UAV images and density map regression. Specifically, we first collected 190 sheep images with different resolutions, aspect ratios, backgrounds, and sheep numbers; secondly, by selecting count samples to extract objects in the images, and using density map regression to predict the number of sheep, this enables sheep counting in small numbers of samples. A large number of experimental results have verified the effectiveness of the method in this paper, which can achieve an average counting accuracy of 91.02%. In addition, we discuss the impact of sample selection, backbone selection, and feature scaling on model accuracy. All the results show that the FamNet flock counting method proposed in this paper can be applied to flock counting, has good adaptability to flock counting under different background conditions and can count the number of flocks in a timely and effective manner.
A study on impacts of hardware changes on performance of different multithreading libraries based on Gem5
Authors: Gu Chen
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a thorough investigation into the performance of various multithreading libraries on different hardware configurations utilizing gem5. The study compares the performance of commonly-used multithreading libraries, including OpenMP, Pthread, TBB, and Dlib, through several benchmarks representing distinct types of workloads. Key hardware factors that directly affect the performance of each library are identified and analyzed. The research findings provide valuable insights and recommendations for selecting an appropriate multithreading library for a given application and hardware platform. Results indicate that the performance of multithreading libraries is influenced by numerous hardware factors, such as L1 cache size, L1 cache associate, L1 cache replacement policy, number of threads, and memory type. The libraries respond differently to these factors, and the performance variability of each library depends on the nature of the workload. The study offers a detailed analysis and valuable insights into the effects of these hardware factors on each library. This study contributes by presenting a comprehensive comparison of several widely used multithreading libraries across numerous hardware configurations, identifying the key hardware factors that influence the performance of each library, and providing insights and recommendations for selecting an appropriate multithreading library for a given application and hardware platform. Ultimately, the study results can help software developers make informed decisions when selecting a multithreading library and optimizing performance for their applications.
Facial emotion classification based on the modified VGG and MobileNet
Authors: Yang Fangpei
Published: December 2023

Emotion classification is an essential area of face recognition, which is widely applied recently, especially in information security. This study focus on model performance to explore a more efficient one that can produce a more precise prediction. In this paper, this study implement two distinct models, which are modified to classify emotions. The adaption models are added by one convolutional layer, one flatten layer, followed by activation layer and loss function layer. In order to estimate and compare them more straightforwardly, the metrics such as precision, loss, accuracy, recall and auc are introduced. Also, data augmentation to enlarge data sample size is achieved by rotation, width and length shift as well as horizontal lift. In the end, VGG16 shows a better performance with 0.9238 accuracy and 0.7780 loss in training, whereas MobileNet is slightly less outstanding with 0.9009 accuracy and 1.0280 loss in training. This study deal with choices of specific emotion classification models and attain a conclusion that VGG16 performs better in the given dataset.
Identification of forest insects based on machine learning
Authors: Zhang Zihan
Published: December 2023

Forest is one of the core subjects of terrestrial ecosystems, and forest insects form an important part of forest ecosystems. In recent years, the monitoring of forest insects has become particularly important as forest species diversity continues to evolve. In that case, this paper proposed a methodology to identify forest insects based on machine learning. This paper focused on three questions: for the data set, owing to the lack of existing datasets of forest insects, a delta-coder technique was used to learn the features of a few-shot dataset and generate more data (enhanced dataset) for machine learning program to learn; for the neural network, the author pre-processed the neural network by training an improved ResNet-18 network on insect section of ImageNet, then, the pre-trained ResNet-18 network was used as prototypical network and was trained by the enhanced dataset; for the effectiveness estimation of the identification model, SVM, ResNet, and VGGNet were used to do the same identifying process and compare the accuracy of this paper’s work and other three algorithms. By modifying the algorithm over and over again, a machine learning-based forest insect identification model was derived with an accuracy of 97.89%.
Marine debris in three species of bivalve from two big fish markets in Indonesia
Authors: Ilham  , Tanjung J D D , Liza C , Zainuddin Z , Priawandiputra W
Published: December 2023

Bivalves can accumulate various particles, including micro debris. Unfortunately, no study has been recorded the marine debris on the consumed bivalves. We aimed to investigate marine debris in Perna viridis, Andara granosa, and Marcia hiantina from major fish market at Jakarta and Makassar. Ten individual tissues for each species were taken and added with H2O2 with a concentration of 50% then the solution was placed in a thermoshaker at 60°C to accelerate the dissolution process. Concentrated NaCl was added for the flotation process then extracted using a vacuum system with 102 Ø11.0 cm Whattman filter paper. Particles were observed with a stereo microscope and then clarified using FTIR microscope to determine the type of polymer. The abundance of microdebris in specimens from Jakarta showed a higher number of particles with a range of 8.90 particles/individual to 12.60 particles/individual. Meanwhile, the specimens from Makassar had a lower number of particles range from 3.90 particles/individual to 8.90 particles/individual. Consistently, the highest number of microdebris particles was found in P. viridis. Plastopal/Epoxy resin was detected as a type of polymer from several clarified samples. We recorded that the three bivalves differently accumulated microdebris in number and types.
Correlation and path coefficient studies of growth characters on glucomannan content of eddoe taro (Colocasia esculenta var antiquorum)
Authors: Maretta D , Helianti I , Santosa E , Purwono  , Sobir
Published: December 2023

Glucomannan is classified as a non-starch polysaccharide and has positively affected health and beauty. The breeding program to create new varieties of taro with high glucomannan content is challenging and requires comprehensive studies to produce high-quality food. This study investigated the characters correlation and direct and indirect responses to glucomannan production in the tuber. The experiment was conducted in three locations with 14 genotypes of Eddoe taro using a full-block design with two replications. Ten characters were evaluated for their correlation to glucomannan, which was accomplished using path analysis for each location experiment and followed by model selection using the backward elimination method. The character of the cormel number always has a positive correlation with the glucomannan variable, either directly or indirectly, with a high value of the path coefficient. On the contrary, the difference between the correlation value and path coefficient for determining the selection criteria was unfulfilled because it was > 0.05, and the residual effect was > 0.61, indicating that this model insufficient to explain more than 60% of the influence of anything other than the standardized independent. According to the study’s results, this character doesn’t meet the requirements for selection criteria.
Expression of nutrient uptake-related genes in response to beneficial bacterial consortium application on Musa acuminata
Authors: Anugrah D B , Pambudi A , Effendi Y
Published: December 2023

The banana plant holds significant importance in Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries. Recently, the intensive use of biological fertilizers derived from soil microbes in horticulture productions has been reported for various beneficial reasons. These include improved nutrient availability, enhanced soil structure, disease suppression, increased plant stress tolerance, and environmental sustainability. This study examines the expression of nutrient uptake-related genes following applying a soil consortium consisting of Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus and Bacillus pseudomycoides. The banana plants were subjected to four 100 ml bacterial consortium suspension applications. Morphological and physiological observations were conducted in a greenhouse, while eight genes’ expression levels were assessed using semi-quantitative real-time PCR. The research employed a design with two treatments: control and application of the consortium bacteria; each replicated 10 times. The findings revealed that the treated plants exhibited the highest increase in leaf length during 40 days. Additionally, the plants treated with the bacterial consortium demonstrated increased gene expression associated with efficient phosphate and nitrogen uptake, specifically in Ma01_g01890, Ma03_g26260, WRKY26, WRKY31, and WRKY33 genes, after fourteen days of bacterial application. Consequently, this consortium can be employed as a biofertilizer for plants.
Bird diversity and guild composition in five urban parks of DKI Jakarta
Authors: Mulyani Y A , Hermawan R , Rushayati S B , Suryani R , Zulhidayat H , Marcellia  , Mahesa R
Published: December 2023

Green open spaces in the cities are expected to improve overall biodiversity in urban area. Birds are known as an indicator of biodiversity. Guild as ecological group is considered more practical than species diversity in representing a community structure. This study aimed at examining bird diversity and guild composition in five urban parks in DKI Jakarta. The study was conducted from April to May 2023. Data was collected in Cagar Buah Condet, Taman Tebet Eco Park, Hutan Kota Monas, Hutan Kota Srengseng and Taman Hutan Kota Penjaringan. Birds were surveyed using point count method while vegetation data was collected using plots. Bird and vegetation diversity was calculated using Shannon-Wiener Index (H’), while guilds are categorized using a priori method. Data was analysed using descriptive method. There was a total of 38 bird species from 26 families and 6 feeding guilds. Guild composition consisted of insectivores (42.1%), frugivores (18.4%), granivores (13.2%), piscivores (13.2%), omnivores (7.9%), and nectarivores (5.3%). Despite having lowest bird diversity, Hutan Kota Srengseng (H’= 1.944) was used by all feeding guilds. Hutan Kota Monas have highest bird diversity(H’=2.603). Tree diversity was highest in Hutan Kota Monas (H’= 2.843) and the lowest was in Cagar Buah Condet (H’=1.467).
Effect of Banana bunchy top virus on the life cycle and fecundity of its insect vector
Authors: Hardi  , Hidayat P , Sartiami D , Hidayat S H
Published: December 2023

Pentalonia nigronervosa and Pentalonia caladii are insect vectors of Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) on banana plants. The virus that circulates in the body of its insect vector may affect the insect’s physiology or life cycle. This study aimed to determine the life cycles and fecundity of P. nigronervosa and P. caladii after they acquired BBTV. The experiment used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, i.e., viruliferous (P1) and non-viruliferous (P2) P. nigronervosa, viruliferous (P3) and non-viruliferous (P4) P. caladii. Viruliferous and non-viruliferous aphids were obtained by feeding the insects on BBTV-infected and healthy banana leaves, respectively. The experimental results showed that both species’ life cycles and fecundity of viruliferous and non-viruliferous aphids differed significantly. Nymphs and adult periods of P1 were 2.70 days and 1.26 days shorter than those of P2, respectively; while nymphs and adult periods of P3 were 0.9 days and 1.8 days shorter than those of P4, respectively. The average fecundity of P1 (34.22+0.82) was higher than that of P2 (19.64+0.55), and P3 (25.80+0.60) was higher than that of P4 (19.32+0.45). This proves that BBTV causes a shorter life cycle and higher fekundity of aphid vectors.
Use of epiphyte by bird communities in IPB Dramaga campus
Authors: Rahman A A , Perwitasari-Farajallah D , Mulyani Y A
Published: December 2023

Epiphytes have a direct or indirect influence on terrestrial ecosystems. The presence of epiphytes can increase habitat complexity vertically and benefit animals, especially birds. The objectives of this study were to identify the species of epiphytes, their host trees, and the birds and to analyze how composition of epiphytes and host trees affects the diversity and abundance of birds. The research was conducted in seven sites within the IPB Dramaga Campus from December 2022 to February 2023. We collected biotic data (the number and type of epiphytes, host trees, and birds) and abiotic data (temperature and humidity) at each site. We used Paleontological Statisctic (PAST) to calculate the diversity index and R software to examine the correlation between birds and epiphytes. We found a significant positive correlation between the species richness of epiphytes, host trees, and birds. The sites with the highest diversity and abundance of trees, epiphytes, and birds were Conservation Park and Campus Forest Park. Sites with more diverse and abundant epiphytes had lower temperatures on average. We observed four bird species that used epiphytes: Pycnonotus aurigaster, Aegithina tiphia, Sitta frontalis, and Dicaeum trochileum. These species foraged for invertebrates on or near the Asplenium sp. epiphytes.
The growth of mahogany seedlings (Swietenia macrophylla King.) in various planting media and shade intensity
Authors: Tanjung H U , Tata H L , Triadiati
Published: December 2023

Swietenia macrophylla has potential in the economic, health and environmental sectors; so, this tree is one of the species used for forest rehabilitation. The growth of S. macrophylla is influenced by environmental factors, including the quality of the growing medium and shade intensity. This study aimed to obtain the right planting medium and shade for the growth of S. macrophylla seedlings. This research was conducted using a split-plot design with randomized groups. The main plot was shade using paranet which consists of 2 levels, while the subplot was the planting medium which consists of 5 levels. The results showed that the interaction of mineral soil medium treatment and without shade resulted in the highest seedlings height and total fresh weight in mahogany seedlings. The quality index of mahogany seedlings (SQI) is influenced by no-shade treatment
Analysis of land cover changes case in the Batang Toru landscape
Authors: Pasaribu P H P , Situmorang R O P , Saputra M H , Hartatik S E , Budiharta S , Siregar M
Published: December 2023

Land cover and land use changes have impacted nearly every form of life on Earth. Batang Toru landscape dominated as a protected area has been experiencing environmental problems due to human activities. The purpose of this study is to analyze land cover changes and land function in Batang Toru Landscape, North Sumatra from 2014 to 2020. We evaluated the changes by using overlay and spatial analysis using the software ArcMap 10.4 and QGIS Las Palmas version. The results of this study showed that during 2014-2020, Batang Toru Landscape covers and functions significantly changed. The areas that experienced the increasing number were agriculture dryland mixed with shrub areas 24,581.70 ha (9.86%), secondary dryland forests 14,439.60 ha (5.80%), paddy areas 3,523.95 ha (1.39%), open areas 1,117.35 ha (0.44%), and industrial forest plantation 429.75 ha (0.18%). Meanwhile, the decreasing areas were dryland agriculture 24,925.49 ha (10.02%), shrubs 17,361.90 ha (6.97%), and primary dryland forest 1,804.95 ha (0.72%). This study can be used as a consideration for the government in managing the landscape to combat the serious environmental problems in Batang Toru.
Bacterial communities of Iradiator Gamma Karet Alam (IRKA) pool water
Authors: Sugoro I , Mujiyanto A , Tetriana D , Tjiptosumirat T , Tuasikal B J , Robifahmi N , Rahma F J , Santiara R , Fadhlany M M , Yunus M Y , Ambudi D R S , Cici A , Shalsabilla S E , Fadila D S R , Sanjaya M F , Sambari R R , Ramadhan F , Hermanto F E , Rijal M S
Published: December 2023

Bacteria which are living in extreme environment have potential for bioprospection as candidates for drug discovery and bioremediation. Radiation-resistant bacteria can be obtained from environments that have radiation sources. Pool water containing radioactive material is one of the important components in the Iradiator Gamma Karet Alam (IRKA) facility. Research on the presence of bacterial communities in the IRKA cooling pool water has never been conducted. This study was conducted to determine the bacterial community of IRKA cooling pool water using Nanopore Sequencing. The study identified 7 phyla, with Proteobacteria and Firmicutes as the dominant with 95.9 and 3.9%, respectively. Phreatobacter, specifically P. oligotrophus, emerged as the dominant genus and the most prevalent species, constituting 71.22% of the cooling pool water samples at the IRKA facility. The limited number of studies conducted on these dominant species presents an opportunity for further exploration of their potential benefits.
Diversity of brachyuran crab (Crustacea: Decapoda) in West Coast of North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Hanim N , Siregar N A , Saputra R T , Widayati K A , Farajallah A
Published: December 2023

The west coast of Sumatra is a water area with a high potential for fishery products. One of the areas, (i.e., Sibolga City) is a national fishery center in Indonesia. The high productivity of these waters is supported by the presence of keystone species in nature, one of which is the crab (infraorder Brachyura). This study aims to record brachyuran species on the west coast of Sumatra that are still unknown. Sampling was conducted in Central Tapanuli Regency and Sibolga City using convenience sampling. The samples obtained were 50 individuals. Based on the identification, the sample consisted of 22 species belong to 6 families. Fourteen species is first recorded in this region, and five species are new records in Indonesia.
Producing ethanol from coconut sap using yeast isolates R513, IS258 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9763 and the optimal fermentation time required
Authors: Sujana I G A , Gunam I B W , Wijaya I M M , Putra I W W P
Published: December 2023

Energy requirements continue to rise despite depletion of fossil energy. Therefore, environmentally friendly renewable alternative energy is needed including bioethanol. Microbial assistance is usually required to convert the sugar content from sugary content (coconut sap) into ethanol. This study was aimed to determine the performance of several microbes and the optimum fermentation time for bioethanol production from coconut sap. Randomized block design with 2 factors was used, where the 1st factor was the type of microbes consisting of isolates R5I3, IS258, and S. cerevisiae ATCC 9763, and the 2nd factor was the fermentation time, namely: 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4-days. The results showed that the best isolate for producing bioethanol from coconut sap was isolate IS258, followed by isolate R5I3 with the least was S. cerevisiae ATCC 9763. Isolate IS258, R5I3, and S. cerevisiae ATCC 9763 was able to produce ethanol of 6.18±0.45%, 5.39±0.21% v/v, and 4.65±0.83% v/v, respectively and in 3, 3, and 4 days of fermentation, respectively. In the process of bioethanol production based on coconut sap, IS 258 isolates is potentially be used in the production process in the future.
Exploring the influence of maitake (Grifola frondosa) on Mus musculus learning-memory and anxiety behavior
Authors: Fadilah N D N , Listiyowati S , Juliandi B
Published: December 2023

Progressive neurodegeneration affect memory and behavior. One solution to increase neuroprotection is the consumption of medicinal mushrooms such as Grifola frondosa. This study aims to analyze the effect of G. frondosa extract on learning-memory and anxiety levels in mice. Mycelium was cultured in Potato Sucrose Broth medium at room temperature for 14 days. Dried mycelial was extracted using a solvent mixture (22% ethyl acetate and 11% methanol). Learning-memory and anxiety levels were observed using Y-Maze Alternation (Y-Maze) test, Morris Water Maze (MWM) test, Novel Object Recognition test, and Light and Dark Transition test. A total of 18 male mice were divided into three groups and given oral treatment for 14 days: control (distilled water), GF100 (extract of 100 mg/kg BW), and GF200 (crude extract of 200 mg/kg BW). The GF100 and GF200 groups increased spatial learning-memory in Y-Maze and novel object recognition memory, but both treatment groups did not significantly affect anxiety and learning-memory in MWM.
The use of propolis in ointment ingredient for the treatment of dermatophytosis infection
Authors: Kusumaningtyas E , Endrawati D , Siswandi R
Published: December 2023

Dermatophytosis in animals is very important since it is zoonotic. Propolis is a promising natural compound against pathogenic fungi since there is an increasing need to discover less expensive, more natural, and more accessible treatments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate propolis as an anti-dermatophyte and topical drug preparation against Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Propolis was tested for its antifungal properties at various concentrations using the diffusion method. The ointment was applied to the rabbit with dermatophytosis after being prepared by combining the ointment base with 10% propolis. The result demonstrated that propolis was able to inhibit the growth of Trichophyton mentagrophytes which was indicated by a clear zone around the disc. Propolis ointment helped lessen inflammation more than Miconazole 2% at severe lesions, according to in vivo trials on rabbits, while the two ointment’s healing times were nearly identical. According to the findings, propolis is a promising ointment ingredient for the treatment of dermatophytosis.
The clove essential oil and its combination with galangal oil exhibit antibacterial activity, potential as antiseptic agent
Authors: Dany R R , Astuti R I , Priyanto J A
Published: December 2023

Essential oils are known and have been tested for their antimicrobial properties. Previous studies have tested the antimicrobial activity of clove and galangal essential oils alone. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of clove and galangal essential oils alone as well as their combinations. The screening of antimicrobial activity was performed by disc diffusion assay against Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. Both essential oils showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli at 10% (v/v) concentration. Furthermore, five combinations of clove and galangal essential oils were made and tested at 1:1, 7:3, 9:1, 3:7, and 1:9 ratio. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of three combinations with the highest activity were performed against Escherichia coli. The MIC and MBC of clove oil is at 2.5% (v/v) and 5% (v/v) while the MIC and MBC of Galangal oil is at 5% (v/v) and 10% (v/v). All three combinations showed MIC and MBC value is at 5% (v/v) and 10% (v/v) respectively. In addition, based on SNI EN 1276:2019 assay, the clove and galangal essential oil as well as their combinations meet the requirement as antiseptic agent against E. coli.