bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAKTOR KEMISKINAN DI KABUPATEN SIDOARJO
Authors: Prayoga Margaretha Larasati , Muchtolifah Muchtolifah , Sishadiyati Sishadiyati
Published: August 2021

Persoalan kemiskinan menjadi fokus utama untuk Pemerintah di Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Tingkat kemiskinan di Kabupaten Sidoarjo sendiri memiliki tren yang cenderung menurun, akan tetapi penurunan ini masih belum signifikan.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB), Pengangguran, Upah Minimum Kabupaten (UMK), dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) terhadap kemiskinan di Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Jawa Timur tahun 2010-2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis data regresi linier berganda dan menggunakan uji BLUE. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan hasil sebagai berikut : 1) PDRB tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap Kemiskinan di Kabupaten Sidoarjo. 2) TPT tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap Kemiskinan di Kabupaten Sidoarjo. 3) UMK tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap Kemiskinan di Kabupaten Sidoarjo. 4) IPM memiliki pengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap Kemiskinan di Kabupaten Sidoarjo.
Chinese Medicine Therapies for Neurogenic Bladder after Spinal Cord Injury: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors:   Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Zhu Zhihong ,   Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,   Hunan University of Chinese Medicine., Zhuo Yue , Jin Haitao , Wu Boyu , Li Zhijie
Published: August 2021

Neurogenic bladder (NB), a refractory disease, is characterized by voiding dysfunction of bladder and/or urethra, and spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common cause. Chinese medicine therapies have been applied extensively in the treatment of neurogenic bladder, especially in China, and the results are promising but varying. Thus, the aim of this work is to assess the efficacy and safety of various Chinese medicine therapies for neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury. Condition being studied: Chinese medicine therapies; Neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury. Main outcome(s): The primary outcome of our NMA will be measured by overall response rate and urodynamic tests, which includes postvoiding residual urine volume, maximum urinary flow rate, and maximal detrusor pressure.
HUBUNGAN RIWAYAT PENYAKIT ISPA DAN DIARE DENGAN STATUS GIZI PADA ANAK USIA 1 â€“ 5 TAHUN
Authors: Indriati Ratna , Aminingsih Sri
Published: August 2021

Background. Malnutrition in children can affect growth and development. Infectious diseases are also associated with malnutrition, including diarrhea and Acute Respiratory Infections where this condition still occurs in Posyandu Kusuma, Palur Village.The Aim of the Study. To find the relationship between the history of acute respiratory infections and diarrhea with the nutritional status of children. Subject and Method. Subject were 47 of children 1-5 years old in Posyandu Kusuma at Palur Village. This research was observational analytic and correlation design with cross sectional method. Sampling by accidental sampling. The data obtained were analyzed using the Chi Square test.Result. The children with a history of diarrhea wereÂ  8 (17%), 39 with no history of diarrhea (83%), 16 with history of acute respiratory infections (34%), 31 with no history of acute respiratory infections (66%). The Childrens with good nutritional status were 34 (72.3%), 13 underweight nutritional status (27.7%). The results showed that the relationship of diarrhea history obtained p = 0.001 and a history of Acute Respiratory Infections obtained p = 0.693 to nutritional status.Conclusion. History of diarrhea has a significant relationship with the nutritional status of children (p=0.001) and a history of acute respiratory infections has no relationship with the nutritional status of children (p=0.693).Keywords : diarrhea, history of acute respiratory infections, nutritional status.Korespondensi: Ratna Indriati. AKPER PANTI KOSALA SURAKARTA. Jalan Raya Solo-Baki Km. 4 Gedangan, Grogol, Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah. Email: ratna24173@gmail.com.Â
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN LINGKUNGAN SOSIAL DENGAN PERILAKU MEROKOK
Authors: Ariasti Dinar , Ningsih Endang Dwi
Published: August 2021

Background. Smoking can cause health problems. Riskesdas in 2018 showed that the prevalence of smoking in adolescents aged 10-18 years has increased from 2013 (7.20%) to 2018 (9.10%) so that it is still very far from the RPJMN of 2019 was 5.4%.The Aim of the Study. To determine the relationship of the level of knowledge and social environmental factors with smoking behavior of students of SMA Negeri 8 Surakarta.Subjects and Methods. This research is an observational analytic with correlational design. Subjects were male students who smoked in SMA Negeri 8, samples were taken based on the Kretjie table, data were analyzed with the Spearman Rank Correlation test.Results. There is a relationship between the level of knowledge (p = 0.001; r = -0.591) and the family environment (p = 0.028; r = 0.272) but there is no relationship between the school environment (p = 0.105) and the community environment (p = 0.056) with smoking behavior. Conclusion. There is a relationship between the level of knowledge and family environment with smoking behavior but there is no relationship between the school environment and the community environment with smoking behavior.Keywords: knowledge, smoking behavior, social environment.Korespondensi: Dinar Ariasti. AKPER PANTI KOSALA SURAKARTA, Jalan Raya Solo-Baki Km. 4 Gedangan, Grogol, Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah. Email: ariasti98@gmail.com
Protective effect of Majoon Muṣaffī-i-Khūn (MMK) in cyclophosphamide-induced thrombocytopenia in male Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Basheer Rukhsar , Jahan Nasreen , Ahmad Jamil
Published: August 2021

Aim of the study: To evaluate the efficacy of Majoon Muṣaffī-i-Khūn (MMK) in cyclophosphamide-induced thrombocytopenia in male Sprague Dawley rats.
Material and Methods: Thrombocytopenia was induced by administration of Cyclophosphamide (25 mg/kg, 3 days, SC). Simultaneously, the animals were treated with MMK (300 and 600 mg/kg) orally and continued for three weeks. After completion of treatment, blood samples were collected by retro-orbital puncture and analyzed for WBC, RBC, Hb, and platelet counts, with bleeding and clotting time. MMK insignificantly increased the platelets, WBC, RBC, and Hb with a significant decreased in bleeding (p<0.001; p<0.05) and clotting times (P<0.01, P<0.001) which was altered by cyclophosphamide.
Results: The results demonstrated that MMK improved platelet counts, clotting, and bleeding time as well as restored the altered level of WBC, RBC, and Hb.
Conclusion: Based on the above results it can be concluded that the hydroalcoholic extract of MMK may have the potential to normalize the blood composition effectively.
Therapeutic options for coarctation of the aorta
Authors:   Spitalul Clinic de Urgență pentru Copii „M.S. Curie“, București, România, GANEA Gabriela , IANCU Mihaela Adela ,   Spitalul Clinic de Urgență pentru Copii „M.S. Curie“, București, România,   Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie „Carol Davila“, București, România, MATEI Dumitru ,   Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie „Carol Davila“, București, România,   Institutul Național pentru Sănătatea Mamei și Copilului „Alessandrescu-Rusescu“, București, România
Published: August 2021

Coarctation of the aorta is a relatively frequent congenital heart disease. Depending on the severity of the coarctation and the possible existence of other congenital heart defects, the symptoms may vary. In the neonatal period, the patients may have signs of heart failure, hypoperfusion or even shock. Coarctation of the aorta can be diagnosed incidentally in adolescence or adulthood, usually presented with mild symptoms. The patient’s anatomy, size, age, and clinical course are taken into consideration when choosing the appropriate treatment. Although associated morbidity and mortality risks regarding surgical or interventional treatment are relatively low, it is neccesary to etabilsh a long term follow-up, given the possible post-surgical complications that may occur: recoarctation, aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection and hypertension. Long term prognosis of these patients mostly depends on the presence of systemic hypertension with its consequences leading to premature cardiovascular events. Another factor is the severity of associated defects: aortic stenosis, mitral valve abnormalities. The purpose of this review is to describe the main treatmet methods, indications for intervention and possible complications of the surgical and interventional treatment.
Observational study on dietary patterns in pregnancy
Authors:   Departamentul Nursing, Facultatea of Medicină, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Grigore T. Popa“, Iași, România, POPA Alina Delia , CABA Lavinia ,   Departamentul Genetică, Facultatea of Medicină, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Grigore T. Popa“, Iași, România, ENACHE Armand ,   Departamentul Nursing, Facultatea of Medicină, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Grigore T. Popa“, Iași, România, MIHALACHE Carmen ,   Departamentul Chirurgie, Facultatea of Medicină, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Grigore T. Popa“, Iași, România, ANTOHE Ileana ,   Departamentul Nursing, Facultatea of Medicină, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Grigore T. Popa“, Iași, România
Published: August 2021

Pregnancy nutrition influences the short-term maternal and fetal prognosis, but also the state of health in the future, an inadequate diet being associated with the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. The purpose of the study is to characterize the diet of a group of pregnant women in Iasi county in terms of macronutrient intake, but also food patterns. Material and methods. An observational study was performed on a sample of 400 pregnant women which consisted in the application of a validated food frequency questionnaire. The foods consumed were grouped into categories: meat, eggs, fish, milk and dairy products, bread and cereals, vegetables, fruits, soups, seeds and oilseeds, sweets and fast food. Factor analysis (main component analysis method) was used for the analysis of food patterns. Results. The average energy intake in the studied group was 2197 kcal/day (95% CI: 2139.57-2255.74). The intake of macronutrients during pregnancy was 86.01 g protein (95% CI: 83.64-88.39), 76.97 g lipids (95% CI: 74.59-79.35) and 297.12 g carbohydrate (95% Cl: 287.86-306.38). We identified 3 dietary patterns that explained 43.01% of the variation of consumption behaviour: healthy consumption, consisting of a diet rich in soups, fruits, eggs and vegetables; traditional consumption, which has high consumption values for bread, dairy, meat, fat and unhealthy consumption rich in the intake of sweets, fast food and seeds. Conclusions. The identified food patterns draw attention to the existence of a category at risk of developing pathology related to inadequate nutrition in pregnancy.
Obesity – a closer look to cell mechanisms disfunction
Authors:   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, BĂLĂȘESCU Elena , PANDIA Larisa Diana ,   Astera Diamed Diabetes & Nutrition Center, Bucharest, Romania, NEDELCU Roxana Ioana ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, ION Daniela Adriana ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: August 2021

Obesity is a complex, multifactorial condition, a major public health problem with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Obesity is characterized by an excess of adipose tissue, a low degree of chronic inflammation and disorders in the synthesis of biologically active hormones and peptides which intervene in regulating appetite and energy balance, immunity, insulin sensitivity, angiogenesis, blood pressure, lipid metabolism and homeostasis of the body. The visceral adipose tissue accumulation is accompanied by metabolic disorders that have as a substrate subclinical inflammation and signaling by intracellular pathways that lead to irreversible cellular structural and functional changes. The long-term impact of overweight and obesity translates into shortening life expectancy and disability, due to association with severe comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, oncological conditions. Therefore, understanding the cellular mechanisms involved in obesity may facilitate the highlighting of new possible therapeutic targets.
High blood pressure – an essential aspect in the family doctor practice
Authors:   Pneumoftiziology Hospital, Campulung, Romania, MILITARU Cristina-Gabriela , BEJAN Gabriel Cristian ,   Department of Family Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, GRAJDEANU Ioana Veronica ,   Department of Family Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, NICOLESCU Oana ,   Department of Family Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, SIMIONESCU Anca Angela ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, STANESCU Ana Maria Alexandra ,   Department of Family Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: August 2021

High blood pressure (HBP) is the most common condition seen in primary care and leads to myocardial infarction, stroke, kidney failure and death if not detected early and treated adequately. Patients want to ensure that blood pressure treatment will reduce the disease burden, while clinicians want guidance for the management of high blood pressure using the best scientific evidence. High blood pressure is a global problem. The family doctor plays a significant role in prevention, early detection but also in monitoring the treatment. Current studies highlight the importance and need for family doctor involvement.
Aplasia medular congénita de serie roja: Anemia de Diamond Blackfan. A propósito de un caso
Authors: Planchet Jenny , Tovar Mary , Espinoza Abril , Díaz Alba
Published: August 2021

Pure red cell aplasia medullary is a disorder characterized by anemia with almost complete absence of red cell precursors in the bone marrow, with leukocyte count and platelets. The Diamond-Blackfan anemia is a failure syndrome characterized by bone marrow anemia, reticulocytopenia and decreased erythroid precursors in the bone marrow. the case of an infant under 2 months of age presented no family or perinatal history major, whose mother progressive skin pallor evidence mucosa associated with hyporexia; go to health center where they perform paraclinical reporting hemoglobin 1.7 g / dL. peripheral blood smear where erythroid frankly affected with normal megakaryocytic granulocytic count shown is made; It biopsied and bone marrow aspirate concluding marrow red cell aplasia; possible anemia Diamond-Blackfan in light of other clinical findings arises. It stays with glucocorticoid treatment, however insufficient response, begins erythropoietin dose progressively increasing, despite it, warrants blood transfusions on a regular basis; compatibility studies performed with first-degree resulting positive, currently a candidate for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. It is concluded that despite being a rare syndrome should be suspected in severe anemia where there is acute blood loss, ruling out other etiologies; also timely initiation of treatment is critical to the survival of these patients.
Virus de papiloma humano y lesión intraepitelial cervical en adolescentes embarazadas
Authors: Mendoza Lissette , Urdaneta Jose , Silva Chiquinquira , Maggiolo Isabel , Baabel Nasser , Mejía Richard
Published: August 2021

Aim: To compare the presence of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (SIL) in pregnant and non-pregnant adolescents treated at the “Maternidad Dr. Armando Castillo Plaza” in Maracaibo, Venezuela. Patients and Methods: A comparative research with non-experimental transectional and field design was performed; where 46 pregnant adolescents (cases) and 46 non-pregnant adolescents (controls) was included, chosen by random probability sampling, who underwent identification of factors associated with the pathology, evaluation by pap-smear and HPV genotyping by chain reaction of polymerase (PCR). Results: It was found that 32.6% of pregnant women had low grade SIL ( HPV or CIN 1) compared to 21.7% in non-pregnant women, with a risk twice higher (OR [95% CI] = 2.44 [1.05 -5.65]). The molecular diagnosis was positive in half of the total sample, being higher in pregnant women (52.1 vs. 47.9p <0.05); infections with high-risk genotypes predominated 47.8 vs 30.5; p <0.05). HPV 16 was the most prevalent among pregnant women (21.7%) and co-infection by low-risk genotypes (6-11) in non-pregnant women (17.4%). Conclusions: adolescent pregnant women have a higher prevalence of LIE and genital HPV infection, associated with a significant risk of twice the probability of presenting an LIE compared to non-pregnant adolescents.
Experimental Investigation of a Split Air Conditioning Using Condensate as Direct Evaporative Cooling
Authors: Azridjal Aziz  , Muhammad Rif’at Syahnan  , Afdhal Kurniawan Mainil  , Rahmat Iman Mainil
Published: August 2021

Split air conditioning systems produce reasonable amount of condensate which is usually not utilized and thrown away to the environment. On the other hand, it consumes a lot of energy during operation. The aim of this study is to investigate the improvement of air conditioning systems performance utilizing condensate. A direct evaporative cooling using condensate is incorporated on a 0.74 ton-cooling capacity of split air conditioning to decrease the air temperature before entering the condenser. Performances of the split air conditioning with and without direct evaporative cooling are compared and presented in this paper. The results show that the use of direct evaporative cooling using condensate into the air before passing through the condenser reduces the compressor discharge pressure. The decrease of the condenser pressure led to 4.7% and 7% reduction of power consumption for air conditioner without cooling load and air conditioner with 2000 W cooling load, respectively. The cooling effect and coefficient of performance (COP) increase with the decrease of compressor power. The use of direct evaporative cooling with condensate into the air before entering the condensing system can enhance the system performance and protect the environment.
Evaluation of Renal Vascular Variations in Routine Computed Tomography Examinations
Authors: VURAL Ahmet , KAHRAMAN Ahmet
Published: August 2021

Aim: Anatomical variations of the kidney, including multiple renal arteries are crucial for renal and abdominal aortic surgery and renovascular hypertension. In this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of multiple renal arteries in a Turkish population by evaluating the images of patients who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) for various reasons.Material and Methods: Images of patients who underwent contrast abdominal computed tomography in our hospital due to various health problems were evaluated retrospectively. The presence, number, and exit levels of multiple renal arteries were examined.Results: In the study, CT scans of 470 patients, aged between 18 and 69 years (43.7 ± 14.1) were analyzed retrospectively. Of the 940 kidneys evaluated, 113 had multiple renal arteries. Of the multiple renal arteries, 59 belonged to women and 54 to men, and the difference was found to be statistically insignificant. The incidence of multiple renal arteries was determined as 20.6% in evaluated cases and 12% in evaluated kidneys. The number and frequency of occurrence is 53 (47%) in the right kidney and 60 (53%) in the left kidney, respectively, and there is no significant difference between the two sides. Accessory renal arteries originated from the abdominal aorta between lumbar 1 vertebra (L1) and L4, except for 2 cases where they originated from the iliac artery.Conclusion: The incidence of multiple renal arteries in the Turkish population was found at rates similar to the literature, using CT. CT is found to be a reliable method in detecting multiple renal arteries. Considering the presence of multiple renal arteries in CT examinations, we think that valuable information can be obtained in the investigation of renovascular hypertension.
High Fibrosis-4 Index Is Related with Worse Clinical Outcome in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Diabetes Mellitus: A Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Kim Sung-Woo , Jeon Jae-Han , Moon Jun Sung , Kim Mi Kyung
Published: August 2021

Background: Based on recent evidence on the importance of the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality, we analyzed whether these factors could additively predict such mortality.Methods: This multicenter observational study included 1,019 adult inpatients admitted to university hospitals in Daegu. The demographic and laboratory findings, mortality, prevalence of severe disease, and duration of quarantine were compared between patients with and without DM and/or a high FIB-4 index. The mortality risk and corresponding hazard ratio (HR) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard models.Results: The patients with DM (n=217) exhibited significantly higher FIB-4 index and mortality compared to those without DM. Although DM (HR, 2.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63 to 4.33) and a high FIB-4 index (HR, 4.20; 95% CI, 2.21 to 7.99) were separately identified as risk factors for COVID-19 mortality, the patients with both DM and high FIB-4 index had a significantly higher mortality (HR, 9.54; 95% CI, 4.11 to 22.15). Higher FIB-4 indices were associated with higher mortality regardless of DM. A high FIB-4 index with DM was more significantly associated with a severe clinical course with mortality (odds ratio, 11.24; 95% CI, 5.90 to 21.41) than a low FIB-4 index without DM, followed by a high FIB-4 index alone and DM alone. The duration of quarantine and hospital stay also tended to be longer in those with both DM and high FIB-4 index.Conclusion: Both DM and high FIB-4 index are independent and additive risk factors for COVID-19 mortality.
Effects of Gasoline-Diesel Ratio on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Dual-Fuel CI Engine: A CFD Simulation
Authors: Rahman Kazi Mostafijur , Rahaman Md. Habibur
Published: August 2021

Recently, considerable efforts are made by the engine researches all over the world, focusing primarily on achieving ultra-low emissions of NOx (nitrogen oxides) and soot without any compromise to high thermal efficiency from dual-fuel engine. In this study, combustion performance and engine-out emission of a single cylinder gasoline-diesel dual-fuel engine are numerically investigated by employing a commercial computation fluid dynamics (CFD) software, especially developed for internal combustion engines modeling. Here, gasoline-diesel relative ratio has been varied to find its impacts on performance of a dual-fuel engine. The results show that, in-cylinder pressure, in-cylinder temperature and rate of heat release (ROHR) are increased with gradual increment in diesel relative to gasoline. Injecting higher amount of diesel directly inside the combustion chamber as pilot fuel might have facilitated the auto-ignition process by reducing the ignition delay and accelerated the premixed gasoline-air flame propagation. These led to shorter main combustion duration which is quite desirable to suppress the knock in dual-fuel engines. In addition, NOx emission is found to decrease with relatively higher percentage of diesel. On the other hand, with increasing gasoline ratio relative to diesel, combustion duration is prolonged significantly and led to incomplete combustion, thereby increasing unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) and carbon monoxide (CO).
The Role of Hygiene and Sanitation to the Escherichia coli Contamination in Drinking Water in Depok City, Indonesia
Authors: Wispriyono Bambang , Arsyina Lia , Ardiansyah Iqbal , Pratiwi Laura D. , Arminsih Ririn , Hartono Budi , Nurmalasari Nurmalasari , Novirsa Randy
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Drinking water is a vital aspect in human life. The quality of drinking water should be monitored to ensure public from any health effects caused by contaminated water. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the indicators of fecal contamination should not be present in drinking water (0 cfu/100 ml). However, poor hygiene and sanitation contributes to E. coli contamination in drinking water, particularly in developing countries.

AIM: We investigated the household hygiene and sanitation factors and the relationship with E. coli detection in the household drinking water.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was conducted to collect the data from three districts in the Depok city, that is, Sawangan, Bojongsari, and Cipayung. A total of 300 houses and the corresponding drinking water samples were collected during August–September 2019. E. coli was determined as microbiological indicator using total plate count method.

RESULTS: The results showed that E. coli was detected in 174 (58%) of household water samples. The water container condition (OR = 2,60; CI 95%: 1.18–5.71) and the hand washing practice with soap (OR = 1,65; CI 95%: 1.04–2.62) were significantly correlated with the presence of E. coli in the water samples.

CONCLUSIONS: The condition of the water container was the most dominant factors which contributed to E. coli content in the household drinking water.
The Effect of Mental Health Status on the Quality of Life of Faculty of Medicine Students during the Pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 Period
Authors: Tejoyuwono Agustina Arundina Triharja , Nugraha Rangga Putra , Fahdi Faisal Kholid
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: The spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease which has not been balanced with effective protocols can create mental health problems which could affect the quality of life; as of today, there is not any research that examines the influence of both factors. AIM: This study purpose was to analyze the mental health status on the quality of life amongst medicine students during COVID-19 period. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional survey on 361 students from Faculty of Medicine Tanjungpura University. This study was conducted from June 2019 to November 2020 by spreading Depression Anxiety Stress Scale questionnaire and a WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire through online. The data analysis was administered using Kruskal–Wallis statistics. RESULT: The students’ mental health status was dominantly on the normal category with depression domain by 323 students (89.5%), anxiety domain by 311 students (86.1%), and stress domain by 343 students (95%). The quality of life measurement was in category medium in all domains which are physical health (88.6%), psychological health (92.5%), social relationships (50.7%), and environment (78.7%). There was significant effect of mental health status of depression and anxiety toward the aspect of physical health, psychological health, and social relationships (p < 0.05). Stress significantly influenced all domains of quality of life, and there was no significant effect of mental health status domain depression (p = 0.051) and anxiety (p = 0.881) toward the environment aspect. CONCLUSION: Students’ mental health status in this research belongs to the category normal with moderate level in quality of life. To compare, there was a significant effect of mental health status toward the quality of life domains. The good application of self-coping mechanisms and the social encouragement from the environment is suitable intervention strategies during the pandemic COVID-19 period.
Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Lubis Masrul
Published: August 2021

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation consisted of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. IBD is a global disease with heavy economic burden. Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a novel disease which spread rapidly and becomes a pandemic. This pandemic situation affects the management of IBD. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 as the etiology of COVID-19 requires angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) as its receptor. ACE2 is found to be abundant in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the small intestine and colon. This causes the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 and interacts with gastrointestinal diseases including IBD. The diagnosis of IBD in patients with COVID-19 is similar with general population with precautions regarding endoscopic procedure. IBD does not increase the risk for contracting COVID-19 nor worsen the outcome of COVID-19. The first step in managing patients with IBD during pandemic is by implicating strict health protocol. There is still a controversy regarding surgery for IBD during pandemic. Medications for IBD are safe during pandemic except systemic corticosteroids. IBD patients without COVID-19 should continue their medications until the goal of disease remission is achieved. If asymptomatic COVID-19 is present, corticosteroid dose should be lowered, tapered, and stopped if available. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) administration should be postponed for 2 weeks. If COVID-19 manifestations exist, systemic corticosteroid, thiopurine, methotrexate, and anti-TNF should be discontinued. Supporting treatment for COVID-19 can be administered safely. In case of relapsing, the treatment of IBD must be started with the limitation of systemic corticosteroid.
Ordre public et solidarité
Authors: Durrleman Antoine
Published: August 2021

L’auteur, après avoir rappelé les différentes étapes qu’a connues l’ordre public de solidarité, examine son caractère encore aujourd’hui composite et incomplet mais relève également ses progrès graduels vers l’universalité.
Les craquements de l’édifice étatique
Authors: Goyard-Fabre Simone
Published: August 2021

Nul ne contestera que l’appareil de l’État moderne est aujourd’hui fatigué, sinon usé. Les principes fondamentaux qui en constituent le socle sont remis en question, dans les faits comme dans la doctrine. Cette suspicion s’enracine dans les défaillances du système intellectuel qui a naguère promu l’avènement de l’État. L’affaire est grave : à notre époque, ces défaillances provoquent dans l’édifice étatique des craquements mortifères en quoi s’effritent les maîtres concepts de la pensée politique moderne. La question est de savoir si ce « déclin » généralisé est un accident de l’histoire ou un inexorable destin.
Le pouvoir des gènes : analyse historique et épistémologique
Authors: Morange Michel
Published: August 2021

Le chemin vers de Nouvelles Humanités passera-t-il par la modification du génome ? Si la réponse est encore incertaine, il est évident que le pouvoir des gènes est au coeur de nombreuses interrogations, de peurs et d’espoirs. Nous montrerons que ce pouvoir des gènes, encore appelé « déterminisme génétique » a connu son apogée au milieu du xx e siècle, puis a perdu, avec la description précise des mécanismes moléculaires par lesquels les gènes exercent leurs effets, sa force et sa simplicité. Mais le « siècle du gène » que fut le xx e siècle a laissé sa marque sur les discours concernant les gènes et les génomes, aujourd’hui en décalage avec la vision scientifique.
Vers des mesures obligatoires pour prévenir les risques ultérieurs et leur coût social ?
Authors: André Alexandre
Published: August 2021

L’auteur relève les différents enjeux de la médecine prédictive pour le secteur de l’assurance.
Nanosciences et technologies convergentes : quelle économie politique ?
Authors: D. Roureoure Françoise
Published: August 2021

L’article procède à un cheminement en quatre étapes : la première traite de la question de la mesure économique des productions nanométriques, dans une dynamique de filière et de convergence multidisciplinaire, champ d’étude de la méso-économie ; la seconde fait référence aux origines de l’approche mercantiliste de l’économie et à ses conséquences sur l’économie politique des matériaux avancés, procédés et services du domaine des nanotechnologies et matériaux avancés manufacturés ; la troisième étape recherchera les points d’appui sur lesquels l’économie politique fait porter ses efforts pour développer la production et les échanges induits par les nanosciences et techniques en s’appuyant sur deux exemples ; la quatrième et dernière étape examine les barrières réelles au développement économique induit par les nanotechnologies, telles que les conflits d’intérêts entre acteurs autour de la question de la traçabilité les ont progressivement révélées dans les dialogues entre parties prenantes.
Les transformations de l’assurance par la robotisation
Authors: Marly Pierre-Grégoire
Published: August 2021

Des objets connectés aux choses intelligentes, les artefacts qui assistent ou supplantent l’action humaine invitent l’assureur à réinventer son métier. De fait, ces technologies lui offre de traiter des données massives en fonction desquelles il pourra affiner ses prestations jusqu’à les individualiser, égratignant au passage les canons traditionnels de l’assurance, dont la mutualisation des risques. L’identification de ces risques est également bousculée par la robotique et ses déclinaisons. À mesure que l’individu abdique son pouvoir de contrôle au profit de machines autonomes, le risque saisi par l’assurance se transforme et se déplace, tout comme évolue en contrepoint le droit de la responsabilité civile.
La justice prédictive et l’arbitrage international relatif aux investissements étrangers
Authors: Bordachar Philippe
Published: August 2021

Une première approche voudrait réunir la justice prédictive et le droit international de l’investissement sous la même bannière, cette matière visant à apporter un cadre juridique stable à l’investisseur étranger face au comportement possiblement imprévisible de l’État d’accueil de l’investissement. Or, le processus d’ open data des décisions arbitrales, au sens large, est loin d’être achevé alors que subsiste la confidentialité des délibérés, ce qui tronque inévitablement l’échantillon de données exploité par les outils de justice prédictive. En outre, l’arbitrage relatif aux investissements étrangers est un contentieux complexe caractérisé par une immense multiplicité de faits et de règles de droit applicables, rendant ainsi les combinaisons de données déclinables à l’infini et, conséquemment, les pronostics plus instables. Ces constats successifs ne nous dispenseront pas, toutefois, d’émettre quelques recommandations au cas où notre propre pronostic sur la justice prédictive et l’arbitrage international relatif aux investissements étrangers serait, dans les années à venir, déjoué.
La justice prédictive et les principes fondamentaux du procès civil
Authors: Cholet Didier
Published: August 2021

La justice prédictive qui consiste à évaluer les probabilités de succès des procès par un traitement informatique est une innovation technologique importante. Elle pourrait avoir des effets sur les principes fondamentaux des procès, notamment du procès civil. Le droit au juge et le principe de l’égalité des armes qui protègent les droits des parties risquent d’être affectés. Les principes d’indépendance et d’impartialité du juge pourraient également être perturbés ainsi que l’office du juge. Il convient donc d’être vigilant et de réguler l’activité de justice prédictive.
Les risques accentués d’une justice pénale prédictive
Authors: Brigant Jean-Marie
Published: August 2021

Fruit de l’avènement des statistiques et de l’intelligence artificielle, la justice prédictive est porteuse de nombreuses promesses de nature économique, technologique et même sociologique. Loin d’être une menace, le recours aux algorithmes donnerait la possibilité de prédire des décisions à venir dans des litiges similaires à ceux analysés. Si l’essentiel de la littérature sur la question concerne le contentieux civil, le sujet mérite d’être examiné en matière pénale au regard des principes qui gouvernent le droit pénal et la procédure pénale.
Le droit, la personne et l’éthique professionnelle
Authors: de la Garanderie Dominique
Published: August 2021

L’Éthique est antérieure au droit, elle l’inspire, le prolonge, mais conserve aussi son autonomie. Un État de droit et une démocratie imposent le respect et la confiance dans le droit et la justice auxquels participent les professionnels du droit. Ces professions à statuts respectent une éthique professionnelle. Ainsi, les impératifs communs des magistrats et avocats permettent de comprendre le sens des règles déontologiques que sont l’indépendance, la notion de conflit d’intérêts, l’impartialité, l’intégrité, le secret, la probité, le respect d’autrui, la dignité, la conscience… En dépit de la spécificité de chaque profession, l’Éthique demeure la boussole des comportements professionnels dans l’intérêt du Droit et de la Personne afin de garantir les libertés et la confiance que celle-ci doit avoir dans les institutions.
Troubles dans le consentement d’Alexia Boucherie
Authors: Joly-Coz Gwenola
Published: August 2021

Le présent article est la réaction juridique d'une magistrate, cheffe de juridiction, à l'analyse sociologique développée par Alexia Boucherie dans son ouvrage Troubles dans le consentement . Le concept de « zone grise » dans le consentement, en tant que curseur du permis et de l'interdit, du consenti et du non-consenti, du légal et de l'illégal, intéresse particulièrement les praticiens. C'est sur le terrain du droit pénal que la question du consentement à l'acte sexuel est abordée car c'est bien là l'enjeu de la réflexion. Ces zones grises trouvent application en matière d'infractions sexuelles, qu'il s'agisse du crime de viol ou du délit d'agression sexuelle. L'établissement de la preuve de l'absence de consentement sexuel est au cœur de l'office des juges. Or si la juriste rejoint parfois certaines intuitions de la sociologue, elle doit s'en distancier. La question des bornes du consentement sexuel fournit cependant un terreau fertile à une réflexion pluridisciplinaire qui conduit à questionner la pratique du juge face au consentement sexuel.
Principe de précaution : y voir enfin clair
Authors: Guibert Géraud
Published: August 2021

La présente contribution montre l’importance nouvelle de la prise en compte des risques, en particulier en Europe. Si le principe de précaution est indispensable, son utilisation à tort et à travers dans le débat public pose questions. La crise sanitaire met ainsi la lumière sur la nécessité de mieux organiser la gouvernance de ce principe, y compris en associant davantage les citoyens.
Le principe de précaution en matière bancaire et financière
Authors: Grégoire Michèle
Published: August 2021

La présente contribution met en évidence le rôle fondamental du principe de précaution dans l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre de l’Union bancaire. Trois piliers la composent, le Mécanisme de supervision unique, le Mécanisme de résolution unique et le Système unifié de protection des dépôts, reflètant en forme pyramidale une approche graduée du risque systémique. La montée en puissance de l’usage des technologies de gouvernance algorithmique pour traiter les opérations financières sur les marchés engendre de nouveaux types de risques, liés à la vitesse et au volume inédits des ordres traités à l’intervention de robots. Pour tenter d’en désamorcer les dangers, les régulateurs ont recours au même type d’instruments automatisés, de manière à ajuster leur vitesse de réaction à celle des transactions à contrôler. Enfin, le phénomène de génération de monnaies privées par des mécanismes de cryptographie autocertifiés, telle la blockchain , en ce qu’ils cherchent à se passer de l’appareil d’État, représentent un défi pour la souveraineté des autorités en charge de politiques publiques, fondées sur un socle de légitimité constitutionnelle. Là encore, le principe de précaution invite à mettre en place une monnaie de même nature mais non affranchie de tout système juridique l’encadrant. Le processus est à l’étude au sein de l’Union européenne et de certains Etats membres, dont la France.
Géographie de la précaution et applications locale et nationale
Authors: Lepage Corinne , Babès Madeleine
Published: August 2021

Depuis plusieurs années, le principe de précaution prend de l’ampleur et voit ses contours se modeler et se définir, aussi bien à l’échelle internationale qu’européenne ou française. Malgré tout, il n’a pas la même importance, en fonction de l’échelle à laquelle on se place, et tend à être confondu avec le principe de prévention, deux notions pourtant totalement distinctes. Plus que jamais les questions de climat, de biodiversité, de justice sociale, de gestion des deniers publics ou encore de valorisation et de gestion des ressources sont au cœur des problématiques gérées par les territoires et notamment, par les communes, premier échelon territorial de décision. Le principe de précaution qui inonde l’ensemble de ces matières voit ses contours réduits en France, notamment par une jurisprudence autocentrée, préférant faire la part belle aux questions franco-française d’organisation territoriale, plutôt que d’appliquer un principe qui devient universel, favorisant ainsi l’inertie de l’État central plutôt que l’action locale. Une situation qui ne saurait perdurer davantage.
Le principe de précaution pour lutter contre la radicalisation en milieu carcéral : une mesure risquée !
Authors: Melchior Jean-Philippe , Zanna Omar
Published: August 2021

La présente contribution analyse les deux risques auxquels sont confrontés l’administration pénitentiaire et son personnel, les surveillants notamment, dans leur lutte contre la radicalisation : le risque de la protection insuffisante de la société face à des conversions non repérées et susceptibles d’aboutir à des actes violents de type terroriste, d’une part, et, d’autre part, le risque du signalement systématique pouvant conduire au renforcement du sentiment de discrimination chez certains détenus et, paradoxalement, constituer un terrain favorable au développement de la radicalisation violente. Pour dépasser ces deux risques, il est proposé, à partir de données de terrain, une application équilibrée du principe de précaution qui devrait reposer sur une meilleure formation des personnels par la pratique, entre autres, de l’interprétation croisée.
Determination the Biochemical Kinetics of Natural and Synthetic Estrogens in Moving Bed Bioreactor
Authors: Yavari Zeynab , Mohammadi Farzaneh , Amin Mohammad Mehdi
Published: August 2021

Aim:

Estrogenic compounds as a group of endocrine disruptive compounds can interfere with endocrine system beings. In the present work, an attempt has been made, to characterize the kinetic coefficients of natural and synthetic estrogens, in a pilot-scale moving bed biofilm bioreactor (MBBR).

Materials and Methods:

The substrate removal rates were investigated at different organic loading rates, and hydraulic retention times. By applying some biokinetic models including first order, second order, Stover–Kincannon, and the Monod equation, the kinetic constants (m, Ks, k, Y, and Kd) were determined.

Results:

Estrogen-specific removal rate was between 0.22 and 1.45 μg. g VSS-1.d-1 for natural and synthetic hormones. The experimental data showed that the Stover–Kincannon model and second-order model were the fit models and have high correlation coefficients more than 99%.

Conclusion:

These findings indicated that theses mathematical models could be promising models for effectively predicting kinetic parameters for performance of MBBR reactors.
An observational study to monitor and report radiation-related adverse events by a clinical pharmacist to achieve a better therapeutic outcome and suggest preventive measures in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Hadia Rajesh , Joshi Dhaval , Rathod Trupal
Published: August 2021

Objectives:

This study was conducted to investigate the potential role of clinical pharmacists in monitoring and developing a reporting system of radiation-related adverse events (RRAEs) in cancer patients and provided suggestive measures to prevent RRAEs to achieve a better therapeutic outcome for improving patient health-related quality of life.

Methodology:

This study was a prospective observational study conducted for a period of 2 years at a private academic oncology teaching care hospital. Patients on radiation therapy or chemoradiation therapy were enrolled and followed by clinical pharmacists on daily basis to identify adverse event(s) if any. Upon identification, adverse events were discussed with concerned radiation oncologists for authentication and graded as defined by the radiation therapy oncology group. Enrolled patients were also followed to ensure if they were provided adequate supportive care for RRAEs.

Results:

A total of 715 patients were followed during the study period. A total of 422 RRAEs were identified in patients who were on radiation therapy or chemoradiation therapy. The most common reported events were fatigue (n = 64, 15.16%), followed by mucositis (n = 55, 13.03%), diarrhea (n = 37, 8.76%), vomiting (n = 31, 7.34%), gastritis (n = 29, 6.87%), and dryness of the mouth (n = 22, 5.21%). Among the study patients who developed RRAEs, majority (n = 253, 60%) of them received a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy and 169 (40%) of 442 patients received radiotherapy alone. Cisplatin weekly monotherapy or cisplatin-based chemotherapy was commonly used pharmacological treatment in patients on chemoradiation therapy. Clinical pharmacists intervened to initiate adequate supportive care for nearly 20% (n = 84) patients.

Conclusions:

Clinical pharmacists may be contributing to monitoring and development of reporting systems for radiation-related toxicities/RRAEs in cancer patients. Teamwork of clinical pharmacists with radiation oncologists can improve the safety reporting of radiation and can ensure required medical and supportive care to manage RRAEs.