bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Profile of Non Strabismic Binocular Vision Anomalies in MBBS and Nursing Students in a Teaching Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Tiwari Rohit Pratap , Barot Rakesh Kunverji , Sawant Vrushali , Wagh Urvi , Maknikar Bhavana , Kanetkar Manjusha
Published: June 2022

Introduction: MBBS and nursing students spend a lot of time in near vision activities daily while studying. In the covid and post COVID-19 pandemic era, the emphasis on electronic teaching and studying has increased immensely. Students have started depending more on online studying, teaching and search for study material leading to more time being spent using electronic devices like mobile phones, tabs, PC etc. This can lead to lot of eye strain (digital eye strain) and this predisposes them to develop Non Strabismic Binocular Vision Anomalies (NSBVA) related to accommodation and convergence of eyes. Aim: To study prevalence of NSBVA and report associated ocular symptoms and association of electronic devices (mobile, laptop) use with prevalence NSBVA, in MBBS and nursing students of a teaching hospital in Western Maharashtra. Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective observational study conducted between November 2020 to April 2021at Rajiv Gandhi Medical College and CSM Hospital, Thane, Maharashtra, India. In this study, a total of 110 students including both MBBS and nursing students from all academic years of the hospital were examined for a comprehensive ophthalmic examination and complete binocular vision assessment. The prevalence of NSBVA, associated ocular symptoms, prevalence of refractive errors and duration of electronic device use in the students was documented. Student’s t-test was used to compare the total daily duration of electronic devices (mobile, laptop, Computer tablets) use between students with and without NSBVA. Chi-square test was used to find association of variables duration of electronic device use and occurrence of NSBVA. Results: Out of 110 students examined, there were 37.27% (n=41) were males and 62.72% (n=69) females. Age range was 18-30 years with mean age 21.85±2.67 years. Overall, 47 (42.72%) students had NSBVA including 34 MBBS and 13 nursing students. 12 (11%) students had ocular symptoms with NSBVA while 35 (31.8%) students had NSBVA without any ocular symptom. Eye strain was the most common ocular symptom. Average electronic device use was 4.53 hours/day. Most used electronic device was mobile phone. There was no association between NSBVA and electronic device use. Conclusion: The NSBVA is highly prevalent among MBBS and nursing students. Ocular symptoms are absent in many students with NSBVA which may lead to delayed diagnosis and worsening of ocular symptoms due to NSBVA. Older age group of students have higher prevalence of NSBVA. Electronic device exposure is not significantly associated with NSBVA in these students. Screening of such at risk population is important for timely diagnosis and treatment of NSBVA.
Farmers’ Attitude and Preference towards Crop Diversification with Maize in Haryana
Authors: Shehrawat P. S. , Singh Sube , Bhakar Sandeep , Aditay .
Published: June 2022

The study concluded that the scheme 'Mera Pani Meri Virasat' is proved helpful in crop diversification of paddy with maize. Farmers showed that armyworm in maize deteriorate the quality of maize which demotes the crop diversification from paddy with maize. The government’s assistance of Rs.7000/-per acre is less as compared to economic loss resulting from the attack of armyworms on maize. The farmers preferred the replacement of paddy with maize due to maize being fully mechanized as compared to paddy (partially mechanized)' followed by leaching of nitrate and pesticides in paddy field resulting in groundwater pollution. Farmers also preferred maize because of its’ Less water requirement characteristics, as compared to paddy. Maize crop is more suitable for livestock as it is being used as green fodder for animals, easily decomposable, and can be used for mushroom production also. The attitude of farmers towards diversification showed that Minimum Support Price of maize crop should be increased and procurement may be ensured by the government.
Solid Wastes: Characteristics, Composition and Adverse Effects on Environment and Public Health
Authors: Chaturvedi Sarika , Khare Aradhana
Published: June 2022

Globally, it is being observed that for social and economic growth of a country, urbanization, industrialization, and exploitation of natural resources play a major role, resulting in atmospheric pollution by generation of huge amount of solid wastes. They are discarded being hazardous and unwanted, which is neither liquid nor gas, in our surroundings contributing a lot to environmental contamination, causing serious ill effects on human / animal health, destroying aesthetic beauty etc. This review discusses the sources, causes, characteristics; key categories of solid wastes and their ill effects on the atmosphere, society, human being & animals and suggested management, which has already attained high importance worldwide. It is well embedded within the Sustainable Development Goals and their Management would certainly help in boosting the economy in many ways.
Comparative Effect of Ratio of Fermented Azolla pinnata on Growth and Survival of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Seeds
Authors: Nurhidayati Mia , Grandiosa Roffi , Apriliani Izza Mahdiana , Bangkit Ibnu
Published: June 2022

The production in Indonesia of cultured fish in 2019 has increased from the previous year, the high demand for freshwater fish, especially carp will affect the feed needed in the cultivation process, while for now the price of commercial fish feed with good protein content the price of commercial feed are too expensive to come by and not readily available. The research evaluated the effect of different levels of formulated feed with fermented Azolla pinnata on the growth and survival of carp juveniles. The different levels of feeding fermented A. pinnata on the growth and survival of carp juvenile. The research was conducted from March 3, 2021 to November 2021 at the Fisheries Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University. This study used methods and Completely Randomized Design (CRD), which consisted of five treatments with triplicate of each , namely commercial feed control and feed containing 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of fermented A. pinnata . The test 300 carp juveniles were used for this study and they were divided into five group containing 20 carp juveniles with triplicate of each group of 5-7 cm are kept in aquariums filled with water as much as 10 liter with the density of carp juvenile during the study was 20 fish per aquarium with a maintenance period of 40 days. The feed given was 5% of the body weight of the test fish. Parameters observed were growth rate, feed conversion ratio, absolute growth, survival rate, and water quality which were observed weekly. Data obtained from this study were analyzed using ANOVA by Duncan's multiple post hoc analysis with a 95% confidence level. Based on research that fermented A. pinnata can be used as an additional feed for carp, feeding with a mixture of 25% pellets combined with A. pinnata 75% for the best treatment with a growth rate of 2.35%, absolute growth of 3,2 grams, feed conversion ratio of 2. 81 and a survival rate of 68%. Compare with control treatment, the results obtained were a growth rate of 2.60%, absolute growth of 4.1 grams, a feed conversion ratio of 1.62 and a survival rate of 68%, but the control treatment cost more due to using commercial feed without using feed addition.
Effect of Gravidity on Biochemical Parameters in Normotensive and Hypertensive 3rd Trimester Pregnant Women
Authors: Akinfolarin Tomaziga Tomiloba Oladapo- , Akinfolarin Oladapo Mayowa , Maduagwu Maureen Chibuzor , Amadi Chikadibia Fyneface
Published: June 2022

Background: Pregnancy is a period in which a woman carries one or more foetus in her uterus. It is typically divided into three trimesters based on gestational age which is measured in weeks and months. Gravidity is referred to the number of times a woman has been pregnant. Pregnancy comes with several changes in metabolism, resulting to changes biochemical markers in pregnant women, some of which to certain extent may pose health risks in those with existing health conditions such as high blood pressure. The study of these changes becomes necessary to determine and arrest the risks should they exist during pregnancy.

Aim: The study was aimed at evaluating the effects of gravidity on biochemical markers in normotensive and hypertensive 3rd trimester pregnant women.

Materials and Methods: At Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 women. The consenting patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to one of two groups: normotensive (50 normotensive pregnant women at their third trimester) or hypertensive (50 hypertensive pregnant women at their third trimester) (HPW2T). The subjects in each group were subsequently split into three categories depending on gravidity: primigravida (one pregnancy), multigravida (two or more), and grand multigravida (five or more).

For the assessment of TC, TG, HDL, and LDL, fasting blood samples were taken using the venepuncture technique.

AIP, CR-I, CR-II, AC, and APoB/APoA1) biochemical indices were computed quantitatively. At a p<0.05, the data were examined using ANOVA and the Tukey comparison test.

Result: There was no significant difference in the mean levels of the biochemical parameters among the gravidity groups in the normotensive group except for LDL and APoB levels that was significantly higher, p<0.05. The hypertensive group had no significant difference in the mean levels of all studied parameters among the gravidity group, p>0.05..

Conclusion: In this study conducted at Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, gravidity had no impact on most biochemical markers in normotensive and hypertensive pregnant women at their third trimester.
Effect of Time and Number of Pruning on Growth, Flowering and Fruitng Behaviour of Phalsa (Grewia asiatica L.) cv. Local
Authors: Mahida Shailendra V. , Shah Nitin I. , Bhatt Ashishkumar H.
Published: June 2022

Phalsa fruit (Grewia asiatica L.) berries are one of the most effective source of bioactive food ingredients with multiple health benefits when consumed regularly. Phalsa fruit, seed and pulp contain numerous functional phytochemicals that can be used to treat various diseases, and have be found to be highly effective in improving respiratory and cardiac functioning. Pruning is essential for fruit bearing. Plants pruned in different months in a year for two times stimulate growth, flowering and fruiting. A field experiment carried out in the year 2019 and was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (Factorial) with 10 treatment combinations with 4 replications. Treatment P1N2 found significant with the length of shoot (125.12 cm), days taken to flowering (38.25), days taken to fruit set (67.87) and days taken to first picking (98.25). Treatment P2N1 (pruning in September i.e. 1st pruning) recorded higher shoot length i.e. 116.00 cm, while, P3N1 (pruning in October i.e. 1st pruning) and P3N2 (pruning in March after the completion of October crop i.e. 2nd pruning) found superior with number of picking during both the pruning i.e. 5.00 and 5.25 respectively. Treatment P4N1 (pruning in November i.e. 1st pruning) had higher number of sprouted shoot per cane i.e. 9.37. however, treatment P5N1 (pruning in December i.e. 1st pruning) was significant in days taken to flowering (44.25), days taken to fruit set (73.25) and days taken to first picking (102.12), while, P5N2 (pruning in May after the completion of December crop i.e. 2nd pruning) had more number of sprouted shoot per cane i.e. 10.18.
Assessment of Promising Diverse Germplasm Accessions for Stability with Respect to Yield and Its Attributing Traits in Vegetable Amaranth
Authors: Lakshmidevamma T. N. , Deshpande Sanjeev K. , Jagadeesha R. C. , Patil B. R. , Patil Ramangouda V. , Mirajkar Kiran
Published: June 2022

Vegetable amaranth is one of the popular leafy vegetable that occupies a prominent place in India owing to its high nutritive value and fast growing ability. The presence of considerable genetic variability in the amaranth along with very high phenotypic plasticity demands the development of stable genotypes to secure sustainable production. The present research was carried out to quantify the effect of genotype x environment interaction on the performance of 30 identified promising genotypes of vegetable amaranth. The experiment was laid out in the Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications at three locations viz., Arabhavi, Dharwad and Bagalkot during kharif 2018-19. Stability analysis was done as per the linear regression model described by Eberhart and Russell [1] that measures the genotypic response to changing environments. Variance due to environment + (genotype x environment) was significant for four of the studied traits viz., fresh green yield per hectare, fresh green yield per plant, plant height and leaf length which specified the existence of noteworthy interaction between the genotypes and the environmental conditions. The accessions, VA-16, CO-1, IC-553719 and IC-469645 have been identified as the high yielding stable genotypes for fresh green yield. Stable accessions for plant height include IC-536714, IC-541407, Arka amaranth, IC-469579 and IC-553719 and for leaf length were CO-1, IC-550143, IC-551472, IC-536714 and IC-469722. Further, some stable accessions for yield and its attributes were indicated that can be, commercialised or used in future breeding programs.
Effect of Cattle Urine Application on Soil Properties of Lateritic Soils under Spinach Cultivation
Authors: Sakhare V. S. , Jadhav A. B. , Patil G. D. , Patange D. D.
Published: June 2022

The experiment was undertaken to study effect of soil application of cattle urine on growth and yield of spinach in Lateritic soil at wire house of Division of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry RCSM College of Agriculture Kolhapur during rabi- 2020. There are total seven nitrogen substitution treatments through urea and cattle urine. The treatment consist of absolute control, recommended dose of fertilizers (40:40:40 kg ha-1N, P2O5 and K2O), general recommended dose of fertilizers (40:40:40 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O + FYM @ 10 t ha-1), 75% RDN-urea + 25% N- cattle urine, 50% RDN-urea + 50% N-cattle urine, 25% RDN-urea + 75% N- cattle urine, 100% RDN-cattle urine replicated thrice in complexly randomized design.

It could be observed from the data that pH and EC of lateritic soil was increased with the application of cattle urine for nitrogen substation. Significantly higher pH (7.67) and EC (1.01dsm-1) of lateritic soil was reported with the application of 100% RDN through cattle urine at first of spinach (46 DAS). Decreasing trend in soil EC was observed at second ut of spinach in all the treatments under study while non-significant results were obtained for soil reaction (pH) at second cut. Significantly higher (1.40%) and (1.07%) organic carbon in lateritic soil was reported with the application of 100% RDN through cattle urine at first and second cut of spinach. Calcium carbonate content in lateritic soil at both the cuts of spinach were recorded non- significant result due to the application of nitrogen through fertilizer and cattle urine. Significantly higher (253.93 kg ha-1) soil available nitrogen (253.93 and 184.97 kg ha-1), phosphorus (30.72 and 29.10 kg ha-1) and potassium (313.43 and 303.00 kg ha-1) were recorded at first and second cut of spinach with the application of 100% RDN through cattle urine respectively. Significantly higher DTPA Fe (26.55 and 24.30 mg kg-1), Mn (23.39 and 21.70 mg kg-1), Zn (7.09 and 3.84 mg kg-1) and Cu (12.01 and 9.12 mg kg-1) were recorded with the application of 100 % RDN thorough cattle urine. Further it can be seen from the data that DTPA availability of metallic micronutrients were higher in those treatments received cattle urine for either substitution of nitrogen @ 25,50, 75 or 100 percent.
Effects of Probiotic Supplemented diet on Growth Performance of Silkworm Bombyx mori and Improved Characteristics of Cocoon and Silk
Authors: Anisha̍ S. P. , Yasmin N. , Devi Sree Vaisnava
Published: June 2022

Aims: The present work is to investigate the effect of probiotic namely normagut on the biochemical and commercial characteristics of silkworm, B. mori.

Study Design: Normagut treated mulberry leaves were supplemented at three different concentrations: 1%, 2% and 3%. It was fed to B. mori larvae and biochemical parameters were analyzed.

Place and Duration of Study: Experiments were performed at Muslim Arts College, Tamilnadu, India between June 2019 and May 2020.

Methodology: The feeding supplementation started from first day of third instar to last day of fifth instar for every 24 h. The research was performed with control and experimental groups of 3 replications of 30 larvae each.

Results: In our study, 2% concentration of probiotic normagut was very effective and maximum of fat body protein (31.18 µg/mg), glycogen (20.21 µg/mg) and lipid (255.31 µg/mg) was observed. Maximum of haemolymph protein (58.12 µg/ml), trehalose (365.06 µg/ml) and of lipid (41.06 µg/ml), free amino acid (34.32 µg/ml), protein (64.43 µg/mg ) and 15.27 µg/mg of lipid was recorded in silk gland of B. mori (p<0.001). The economic traits of larval weight (3869.23 mg), cocoon weight (2131.36 mg), shell weight (463.13 mg), shell ratio (21.72%) and filament length (912.24 m) was recorded in 2% normagut treated group.

Conclusion: The probiotics enhanced the commercial characteristics of cocoon and silk.
Oculo-visual Assessment of Children and Adolescents with Special Needs in Selected Schools within IMO State, Nigeria
Authors: Owunna Chioma Lilian , Ekenze Chigozie John , Okorie Ifeoma Kate , Akujobi Augustine Ugochukwu , Obioma-Elemba Jacqueline E. , Umunnakwe Oyinyechi Lilian , Ramyil Mamzhi Seljul Crown , Ogundeko Timothy Olugbenga
Published: June 2022

Aim: This was a cross-sectional study conducted to assess the oculo-visual status of children with special needs in three selected special schools in Imo State, Nigeria.

Children with special needs are at a higher risk of visual impairment as compared to normal population. Interestingly, majority of the ocular disorders are treatable.

Methodology: The study was conducted on children ages 5-25years (mean 12.0 ± 3.2 years) and detailed ocular examination on 296 children using standard examination techniques was recorded. Results: Results revealed that oculo-visual disorders were seen in 196 (66.2%) children. Oculo-visual disorders were found in 75.5% of children with hearing impairment, 83.3% in children with cerebral palsy, 75% in children with autism, 85.7% in children with Down syndrome, 38.6% in children with speech disability, and 64% in children who are deaf and dumb. The most common ocular disorders seen in these children were refractive errors (30.5%), strabismus (12.7%), amblyopia (8.9%) and cataract (7.7%). Children requiring further evaluation were referred to base hospitals in Imo State, Nigeria.

Conclusion: Oculo-visual problem is highly prevalent among children with special needs in Imo State, most commonly, the problems were refractive errors, strabismus, amblyopia, cataract and cornea disorders. The prevalence was predominant among the female teenagers (15-19years). Government and stakeholders in the health care and humanitarian sectors should place more priority on the ocular-health status of children with special needs.
Assessment of hepatitis C monitoring adherence after viral eradication in veterans with substance use to improve care and surveil reinfection
Authors: Stratton Miranda L. , Ansara Elayne D. , Ifeachor Amanda P. , Houck Kelly K. , Liangpunsakul Suthat , Binger Katie J.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) incidence rates are rising for patients with substance use and/or SUDs. Guidelines provide monitoring recommendations to ensure remission after successful treatment. The study's objective was to identify gaps in follow-up for patients with documented substance use and/or SUD through assessment of adherence to guideline-recommended HCV RNA lab 12 months post-treatment.

Methods

Patients treated for HCV through the Veteran Health Indiana Hepatitis C Pharmacy Clinic were retrospectively evaluated. Subjects were categorized based on the provider assigned for follow-up care after 12-week sustained virologic response (SVR12) labs (primary care provider [PCP] or HCV provider). The primary outcome was HCV RNA obtained 11 to 13 months post-treatment. Secondary outcomes were HCV RNA detected post-treatment, substance use, engagement in substance use treatment, and engagement with social work.

Results

Two hundred forty-one patients were included in the HCV provider cohort and 139 in the PCP cohort. Forty-one patients did not have a specified clinic for follow-up treatment, and 20 patients did not achieve SVR12. Sixty-one patients (28%) in the HCV provider cohort completed a 12-month HCV RNA within 11 to 13 months post-treatment vs 15 patients (11%) in the PCP cohort (P ≤ .01). One patient had HCV RNA detected post-treatment.

Discussion

This study reveals inadequate HCV post-treatment follow-up for patients with substance use and/or SUD. SUD is a chronic disease that requires continued monitoring to prevent complications. Further studies are needed to identify reinfection rates and improvements of care in this population.
Identity Work Processes
Authors: Einwohner Rachel L.
Published: June 2022

The study of identity and social movements has been heavily influenced by the symbolic interactionist perspective, which stresses the active construction of meaning in human interaction. Thus, scholars recognize that the identities that are relevant to social movements are not simply preexisting sets of characteristics that individuals bring with them to the mass march or meeting hall; instead, these identities are actively created, debated, and sometimes even unmade and established anew in the course of collective action. Of course, all of this activity takes work. The concept of
identity work
in social movements therefore refers to all the work involved in creating, displaying, and managing the identities that are relevant to collective action. The term is borrowed from Snow and Anderson's discussion of identity work among people experiencing homelessness, which demonstrates how people construct and maintain positive personal identities that are distinct from the negative labels assigned to them by others. It is also related to Hochschild's concept of “emotion work,” which references the management of emotion in accordance with social norms about the situationally appropriate display of feelings.
Trumpism
Authors: Tarrow Sidney
Published: June 2022

Many political scientists regard Donald Trump as a particularly unusual type of politician, but this entry argues that he is the charismatic leader of a social movement, one that is the latest in a long line of extreme right‐wing movements in America. Trumpism, it will be argued, resembles classical authoritarian movements like Italian fascism, but it has several distinct features: first, the rhetoric of the leader; second, a social composition that combines populist and plutocratic elements; and, third, an extended hybrid form of organization which includes both formal and digital elements. The movement triggered by Trump's campaign is not fundamentally violent but it has legitimated preexisting violent groups that have merged with the populist elements in his following.
Geitleria
Authors: Golubic Stjepko , Hoffmann Lucien , Castenholz Richard W.
Published: June 2022

Geit.le'ri.a. N.L. fem. n.
Geitleria
, named in honor of Lothar Geitler (1899–1990), Austrian botanist and specialist in cyanobacteria.

Cyanobacteria / Subsection V / Hapalosiphonaceae / Geitleria

Geitleria
is a filamentous cyanobacterium, with true branching of trichomes. Trichomes are embedded in gelatinous sheaths of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), which are heavily calcified and permit growth and branching only at the tips of trichomes. Branching is dichotomous or V shaped and, less commonly, pseudodichotomous and lateral. All cells are interconnected by plasmodesmic pit connections.

Type species
:
Geitleria calcarea
Friedmann 1955.
Methylophilus
Authors: McNamara John , Delherbe Nathalie , Kalyuzhnaya Marina
Published: June 2022

Me.thy.lo'phi.lus. N.L. pref.
methylo‐
, pertaining to the methyl radical; N.L. masc. adj.
philus
, friend, loving; N.L. masc. n.
Methylophilus
, methyl radical loving.

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Methylophilales / Methylophilaceae / Methylophilus

The genus
Methylophilus
is a group of restricted facultative methanol‐utilizing bacteria. Methanol is often used as a sole carbon source, while nitrate and ammonium salts are nitrogen sources. However, some species can also utilize other carbon sources, such as methylamines, glucose, fructose, dichloromethane, galactose, and formate. Metabolism of these substrates produces little to no acid. All species are aerobic, Gram‐negative rods that can occur singularly or in pairs. These cells can be motile or nonmotile and do not form endospores, cellular inclusions, sheaths, or prosthecae. Capsules are not observed. Some species may produce slime, mostly as viscous and nonviscous exopolysaccharides. Their colonies are circular with a complete edge and are translucent to opaque in opacity. Bacteria of this genus can grow on mineral salts agar plates with methanol, with optimum growth at 6.5–7.2 pH under aerobic conditions. Some members of the genus, that is,
Methylophilus methylotrophus
, display a high growth rate (up to 0.55 h
−1
), representing a prominent platform for biotechnological applications. Most species exhibit poor to no growth on nutritionally rich media, such as nutrient broth and blood agar. No growth occurs at 4 or 45°C. The major fatty acids are C
16
and C
16:1
. Members of this genus can be found in activated sludge, mud, river and pond water, oligotrophic oceanic waters, phyllospheres, and rhizospheres.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 50–53.

Type species
:
Methylophilus methylotrophus
Jenkins et al. 1987
VP
.
Budvicia
Authors: Coutinho Teresa A. , Shin Gi Y.
Published: June 2022

Bud.vi'ci.a. N.L. fem. n.
Budvicia
, derived from Budvicium, the Latin name of the city České Budějovice where the bacterium was first isolated.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacterales / Enterobacteriaceae / Budvicia

Cells of the genus
Budvicia
are Gram‐negative, non‐spore‐forming, and nonencapsulated straight rods occurring singly. Slightly motile with peritrichous flagella in soft agar at 22°C. They are facultatively anaerobic, ferment glucose, reduce nitrate, indole‐ and oxidase‐negative, and catalase‐positive. Esculin and gelatin are not hydrolyzed. They do not utilize malonate and acetate. β‐Galactosidase and β‐glucuronidase activities are absent. Growth factor requirements are complex. The major fatty acids are C
14:0
, C
16:0
, C
16:1
ω7
c
, cyclo‐C
17:0
, and C
18:1
ω7
c
. The known habitats are water (drinking and rivers), small mammals, and the gut of a diplopodium (
Cylindroiulus fulviceps
).

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 46–48.3 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Budvicia aquatica
Bouvet et al. 1985
VP
.
Mixta
Authors: Mavima Lazarus , Steenkamp Emma T. , Coetzee Martin P.A. , Palmer Marike
Published: June 2022

Mix'ta. L. fem. n.
Mixta
the mixed one, referring to the mixed lifestyles of species in the genus.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacterales / Enterobacteriaceae / Mixta

Mixta
forms part of the
Enterobacteriaceae
and contains species of agricultural and clinical importance. The members of this genus exhibit mixed lifestyles and have been isolated from diverse habitats including plants, humans, insects, and food products.
Mixta
was initially proposed to accommodate previously described species that rendered
Pantoea
paraphyletic.
Mixta
species are versatile mixotrophs and can utilize diverse organic carbon sources. Cells are facultatively anaerobic, Gram‐negative rods, and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Six species of
Mixta
have been described. Several predicted phenotypic traits differentiate
Mixta
from its closest relatives, for example, genes for the interconversion of
l
‐histidine to urocanate and ammonia, and menaquinone biosynthesis, namely 1,4‐dihydroxy‐2‐naphthoate polyprenyltransferase and naphthoate synthase. Overall, the ecological versatility of
Mixta
species is in line with other members of the
Enterobacteriaceae
, with numerous species in this family ranging from endophytes to clinical pathogens, along with various strains with biotechnological potential.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 56.08–59.1.

Type species
:
Mixta calida
Palmer et al. 2018
VP
.
Alcohol far outpaces other drugs in emergency department visit data
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: June 2022

The latest Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) report on drug‐related emergency department (ED) visits serves as yet another reminder that alcohol remains our most broadly dangerous drug. Preliminary findings for 2021 show alcohol to be by far the most prevalent substance involved in drug‐related ED visits, at nearly triple the number for all opioids — a category that includes the much‐discussed fentanyl.
Mitigating Ring‐Opening to Develop Stable TEMPO Catholytes for pH‐Neutral All‐Organic Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Fan Hao , Wu Wenda , Ravivarma Mahalingam , Li Hongbin , Hu Bo , Lei Jiafeng , Feng Yangyang , Sun Xiaohua , Song Jiangxuan , Liu Tianbiao Leo
Published: June 2022

Redox‐active organics are highly attractive in aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs). However, the lack of capacity dense, stable organic catholytes remains a challenge to develop energy‐dense, long cycle‐life AORFBs. Herein, a stable organic catholyte, 4‐[3‐(trimethylammonium)acetylamino]‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl chloride (TMAAcNHTEMPO) is developed through rational molecular engineering using connective acetamido and trimethylammonium groups. Paired with bis‐(trimethylammonium) propyl viologen tetrachloride anolyte, stable AORFBs (up to 1500 cycles) with a low capacity fade rate of ca. 0.0144% h−1 are achieved. Experimental characterizations and theoretical simulations revealed that TMAAcNH‐TEMPO is largely stabilized by the reduced reactivity of the nitroxyl radical moiety that mitigates a ring‐opening side reaction.
Bioengineered 3D Tissue Model of Intestine Epithelium with Oxygen Gradients to Sustain Human Gut Microbiome
Authors: Chen Ying , Rudolph Sara E. , Longo Brooke N. , Pace Fernanda , Roh Terrence T. , Condruti Rebecca , Gee Michelle , Watnick Paula I. , Kaplan David L.
Published: June 2022

The human gut microbiome is crucial to hosting physiology and health. Therefore, stable in vitro coculture of primary human intestinal cells with a microbiome community is essential for understanding intestinal disease progression and revealing novel therapeutic targets. Here, a three‐dimensional scaffold system is presented to regenerate an in vitro human intestinal epithelium that recapitulates many functional characteristics of the native small intestines. The epithelium, derived from human intestinal enteroids, contains mature intestinal epithelial cells and possesses selectively permeable barrier functions. Importantly, by properly positioning the scaffolds cultured under normal atmospheric conditions, two physiologically relevant oxygen gradients, a proximal‐to‐distal oxygen gradient along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and a radial oxygen gradient across the epithelium, are distinguished in the tissues when the lumens are faced up and down in cultures, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of the low oxygen gradients supported the coculture of intestinal epithelium along with a complex living commensal gut microbiome (including obligate anaerobes) to simulate temporal microbiome dynamics in the native human gut. This unique silk scaffold platform may enable the exploration of microbiota‐related mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and host‐pathogen dynamics in infectious diseases including the potential to explore the human microbiome‐gut‐brain axis and potential novel microbiome‐based therapeutics.
Sugar‐Derived Isotropic Nanoscale Polycrystalline Graphite Capable of Considerable Plastic Deformation
Authors: Sun Boqian , Chen Daming , Cheng Yuan , Fei Weidong , Jiang Danyu , Tang Sufang , Zhao Guangdong , Song Juntao , Hou Chenlin , Zhang Wenzheng , Wu Shiqi , Yang Yu , Tan Mingyi , Zhang Jie , Wei Daqing , Guo Chaowei , Zhang Wei , Dong Shun , Du Shanyi , Han Jiecai , Luo Jian , Zhang Xinghong
Published: June 2022

Obtaining large plastic deformation in polycrystalline van der Waals (vdW) materials is challenging. Achieving such deformation is especially difficult in graphite because it is highly anisotropic. The development of sugar‐derived isotropic nanostructured polycrystalline graphite (SINPG) is discussed herein. The structure of this material preserves the high in‐plane rigidity and out‐of‐plane flexibility of graphene layers and enables prominent plasticity by activating the rotation of nanoscale (5–10 nm) grains. Thus, micrometer‐sized SINPG samples demonstrate enhanced compressive strengths of up to 3.0 GPa and plastic strains of 30–50%. These findings suggest a new pathway for enabling plastic deformation in otherwise brittle vdW materials. This new class of nanostructured carbon materials is suitable for use in a broad range of fields, from semiconductor to aerospace applications.
Effects of dry bulk density and water content on compressive characteristics of wet clayey paddy soil
Authors: Huo Lianfei , Liu Jianlong , Abbas Adnan , Ding Qishuo , Wang Huixin , Zhou Zhongkai , Meng Lili , Bai Zongchun
Published: June 2022

The application of soil compaction models is limited by the lack of soil compression properties and their variations as a function of different physical parameters. This study aimed to explore the effect of dry bulk density and water content on the characteristics of the soil compression curves and compression properties for wet clayey paddy soil. In order to investigate large‐scale soil initial conditions, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on a total of 25 soil states by controlling five soil water contents and five dry bulk densities. Soil compression curves were obtained from fitting uniaxial compression test results, and the swelling index, compression index, and precompression stress were measured. The swelling index of paddy soil ranged from 0.003 to 0.138 and showed a significant positive dependence on water content and a significant negative correlation with dry bulk density. The compression index ranged from 0.115 to 0.839. A quadratic polynomial function was established between water content and compression index, whereas the compression index showed a significant negative correlation with dry bulk density. The precompression stress ranged from 33 to 127 kPa. The precompression stress showed a prominent negative dependence on water content and a significant positive correlation with dry bulk density. The pedo‐transfer functions of the swelling index, compression index, and precompression stress could be used in soil compaction models as input parameters for risk evaluation of compaction damage of wet clayey paddy soil.
PIV and PLIF measurements of interacting bubble plumes and their role in liquid‐phase mixing in a shallow vessel
Authors: Thaker Abhijeet H. , Quiyoom Abdul , Buwa Vivek V.
Published: June 2022

Gas‐induced liquid‐phase mixing in shallow vessels is important to primary and secondary steel‐refining processes and governs the quality of the steel. In the present work, we have investigated the dynamics of meandering bubble plumes and their role in liquid‐phase mixing in shallow vessel that corresponds to 1:6 scaled‐down model of ladle used in the secondary steel‐refining process. The effects of multiple meandering bubble plumes and their interactions on the liquid‐phase velocity distribution, recirculatory flow, plume oscillation frequencies, and turbulent kinetic energy are analyzed for different bottom injection configurations using particle image velocimetry measurements. The role of meandering bubble plumes and their interactions in the liquid‐phase mixing is analyzed using planar laser‐induced fluorescence measurements. ~60% reduction in the mixing time was found with differential flow scheme. Present findings help to understand the contributions of differential flow and bubble plumes interactions to liquid‐phase mixing in shallow vessels.
Ultrasound diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis – Time to change the criteria
Authors: Piotto Lino , Gent Roger , Taranath Ajay , Bibbo Giovanni , Goh Day Way
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Ultrasound is the examination of choice for the diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS). A correct diagnosis is dependent on the technique and measurement accuracy. However, in the world literature there is a wide range of values suggested for the diagnosis of this condition. The current minimum measurements used to diagnose HPS seem excessively large, and therefore, we set out to redefine these values.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed on 607 patients (615 scans) being investigated for HPS. The length and transverse diameter of the pyloric canal, and thickness of the pyloric muscle were measured. All results were correlated with clinical and surgical findings.

Results

In this study, the muscle thickness in the normal group was <2.0 mm than in HPS infants having a muscle thickness of 2.0–5.0 mm. All the pyloric canal lengths in the normal group were <5.0 mm than in those with HPS having a length of 10.0–24.0 mm. The transverse diameters ranged from 6.0 to 11.0 mm in the normal group compared with those with HPS having a diameter between 8.0 and 16.0 mm.

Conclusions

The current criteria for sonographic diagnosis of HPS should be redefined. The canal length is the single most important discriminator, with a clear separation between normal and abnormal. The commonly used 16.0‐mm measurement is too long and should be reduced to 10.0 mm (without the risk of false positives). In many cases, the muscle thickness in those with HPS is as low as 2.0 mm, considerably less than the 3.0 mm that is currently used. The transverse diameter is not a useful discriminator for HPS. The use of current values will delay the diagnosis and timely treatment of this condition.
How slow is slow? Managing fire hydrant operation for protecting water infrastructure
Authors: Lingireddy Srinivasa , Ormsbee Lindell E. , Kamojjala Sri , Hall Ashley M.
Published: June 2022

There have been several water main breaks attributed to fire hydrant operations despite the persistent guidance from stakeholders to operate the hydrants “slowly.” Traditional water hammer simulations for determining the safe operational times for every hydrant can be tedious and impractical for most water utilities. While the rapid operation of certain hydrants can generate excessive pressures, most hydrants are benign and do not generate pressures capable of bursting water mains. Using certain simplified water hammer parameters, the authors propose automated methods that can identify benign hydrants at least 100 times faster than the traditional methods where the operation of each hydrant is simulated by manually modifying the baseline models. Detailed analysis with more accurate data can then be performed to determine the precise operational times for the critical hydrants and develop the necessary measures to safeguard their operation.
Prenatal alcohol exposure can be determined from baby teeth: Proof of concept
Authors: Montag Annika C. , Chambers Christina D. , Jones Kenneth Lyons , Dassanayake Priyanthi S. , Andra Syam S. , Petrick Lauren M. , Arora Manish , Austin Christine ,   the Collaborative Initiative on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (CIFASD)
Published: June 2022

Background

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), leading to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), is a serious public health issue in the United States and globally. Diagnosis of FASD is crucial in obtaining appropriate care, but it is not always possible when PAE cannot be documented.

Methods

Deciduous teeth from a child with known PAE and a child with known absence of PAE were analyzed using liquid chromatography‐isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐IDMS/MS) in a multiple‐reaction monitoring mode for direct markers and LC‐high resolution MS in positive and negative mode with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and reverse‐phase chromatography, respectively, for indirect markers.

Results

Direct markers of PAE (ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate) were detected in prenatal and postnatal dentine from a case tooth but not from a control tooth. Indirect biomarker analysis indicated a dysregulation of amino acids and an increase in cholesterol sulfate in the case compared to the control tooth.

Conclusions

This proof‐of‐concept study demonstrates for the first time that direct biomarkers of PAE are detectable and measurable in deciduous teeth which begin forming in utero and are typically naturally shed between 5 and 12 years of age. Further examination of these novel biomarkers may allow diagnosis of FASD where documentation of PAE is otherwise unavailable. Furthermore, because teeth grow incrementally, defined growth zones can be sampled allowing for identification of gestational timing of PAE to help better understand mechanisms underlying alcohol's disruption of perinatal development.
Commentary: New Directions in the History of Ethology
Authors: Burkhardt Richard W.
Published: June 2022

This welcome set of original and instructive papers illuminates and enriches the history of twentieth‐century ethology in multiple ways. It adds a wealth of actors, animals, methods, and places to those featured in previous treatments of ethology's development. Some of the papers extend the chronology beyond the heyday of ethology's disciplinary construction to consider exciting developments in the 1970s and beyond. Others consider animal behavior research programs pursued contemporaneously with but independently of mainline ethology's development from the 1930s through the 1960s. Another paper takes us inside an ethologist's archive of visual images to examine the importance of such images (and such a setting) for ethological practice. Collectively, the papers provide new opportunities to contemplate how research programs and disciplines evolve; the relations between concepts, practices, and places; ethology and politics, and much more. At the same time, the individuality of the papers is conspicuous. They have not been constructed on the same model. The authors have followed their own approaches, corresponding to their own, respective interests. A short commentary is not sufficient to do justice to each of them. Rather than attempt to review them one by one, I will consider a pair of themes that may help relate the papers to each other and to the history of ethology: (1) the ongoing challenge of defining ethology and identifying who the ethologists were (or are); (2) the practices and places of animal behavior study.
Growth differentiation factor‐15 is independently associated with metabolic syndrome and hyperglycemia in non‐elderly subjects
Authors: Ho Li‐Chung , Wu Hung‐Tsung , Hung Hao‐Chang , Chou Hsuan‐Wen , Cheng Kai‐Pi , Lin Ching‐Han , Wang Chih‐Chen , Ou Horng‐Yih
Published: June 2022

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major health issue worldwide accompanied by cardiovascular comorbidities. Growth differentiation factor‐15 (GDF‐15) is a stress‐responsive cytokine expressed in cardiomyocytes, adipocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Previous research in elderly subjects revealed that GDF‐15 levels were associated with the MetS. However, the association between GDF‐15 levels and MetS or its components in the non‐elderly subjects remains unclear. In this study, a total of 279 subjects younger than 65‐year‐old with (n = 84) or without (n = 195) MetS were recruited. MetS was defined according to modified NCEP/ATP III criteria. The GDF‐15 levels were measured by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify factors independently associated with GDF‐15 levels. Subjects with MetS had higher GDF‐15 levels than those without MetS (median (interquartile range), 1.72 ng/mL (1.38, 2.26) vs. 1.63 ng/mL (1.27, 2.07), P = 0.037). With the number of MetS components increased, the GDF‐15 levels increased significantly (P for trend = 0.005). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the presence of MetS was positively associated with the GDF‐15 levels (β = 0.132, P = 0.037). When substituting MetS with its components, only the presence of hyperglycemia was positively associated with the GDF‐15 levels after adjustment for covariates (β = 0.193, P = 0.003). Taken together, the presence of the MetS in non‐elderly was associated with higher GDF‐15 levels. Among the MetS components, only hyperglycemia was significantly associated with the GDF‐15 levels. Future longitudinal studies will be needed to explore whether GDF‐15 has the potential to be a biomarker of gluco‐metabolic dysfunction in non‐elderly subjects.
Clustering analysis revealed the autophagy classification and potential autophagy regulators' sensitivity of pancreatic cancer based on multi‐omics data
Authors: Chen Yonghao , Meng Jialin , Lu Xiaofan , Li Xiao , Wang Chunhui
Published: June 2022

Background

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy and is unresponsive to conventional therapeutic modalities due to its high heterogeneity, expounding the necessity, and priority of searching for effective biomarkers and drugs. Autophagy, as an evolutionarily conserved biological process, is upregulated in PDAC and its regulation is linked to a poor prognosis. Increased autophagy sequestered MHC‐I on PDAC cells and weaken the antigen presentation and antitumor immune response, indicating the potential therapeutic strategies of autophagy inhibitors.

Methods

By performing 10 state‐of‐the‐art multi‐omics clustering algorithms, we constructed a robust PDAC classification model to reveal the autophagy‐related genes among different subgroups.

Outcomes

After building a more comprehensive regulating network for potential autophagy regulators exploration, we concluded the top 20 autophagy‐related hub genes (GAPDH, MAPK3, RHEB, SQSTM1, EIF2S1, RAB5A, CTSD, MAP1LC3B, RAB7A, RAB11A, FADD, CFKN2A, HSP90AB1, VEGFA, RELA, DDIT3, HSPA5, BCL2L1, BAG3, and ERBB2), six miRNAs, five transcription factors, and five immune infiltrated cells as biomarkers. The drug sensitivity database was screened based on the biomarkers to predict possible drug‐targeting signal pathways, hoping to yield novel insights, and promote the progress of the anticancer therapeutic strategy.

Conclusion

We succefully constructed an autophagy‐related mRNA/miRNA/TF/Immune cells network based on a 10 state‐of art algorithm multi‐omics analysis, and screened the drug sensitivity dataset for detecting potential signal pathway which might be possible autophagy modulators' targets.
Chiral Brønsted acid catalyzed asymmetric oxidation of N‐acyl sulfenamide by H2O2: An efficient approach to obtaining chiral N‐acyl sulfinamide
Authors: Ma Longjun , Bai Lizhe , Yu Zixuan , Shen Qinxu
Published: June 2022

Although the power of chiral sulfinamide reagents in synthetic chemistry has long been recognized, methods for their synthesis are still auxiliary‐based approaches which possess the disadvantages of poor atom economy and limited substrate universality. Due to the weak nucleophilicity of amides, it is more difficult to prepare chiral N‐acylsulfinamides by traditional methods. Herein, we describe an example of catalytic asymmetric synthesis of N‐acyl sulfinamides. In this work, N‐acyl sulfenamides act as useful substrates, because of the indispensable N−H bond, which could form an efficient hydrogen bond with chiral phosphoric acid. H2O2 (35%) was used as the terminal oxidant for preparation of sulfinamides in high yields and enantioselectivities, which could be easily derivatized to sulfoxides without loss of the enantioselectivity.