bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amino acid torsion angles enable prediction of protein fold classification
Authors: Tian Kun , Zhao Xin , Wan Xiaogeng , Yau Stephen
Published: January 2020

Background Protein structure can provide insights that help biologists to predict and understand protein functions and interactions. However, the number of known protein structures has not kept pace with the number of protein sequences determined by high-throughput sequencing. Current techniques used to determine the structure of proteins, such as X-ray crystallography and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, are complex and may require a lot of time to analyze the experimental results, especially for large protein molecules. The limitations of these methods have motivated us to create a new approach for protein structure prediction.Results Here we describe a new approach that uses integration and analysis of torsion angle information from the Protein Data Bank to enable prediction of protein structures from amino acid sequences. Our prediction model performed well in comparison with previous methods when applied to the structural classification of two CATH datasets with more than 5000 protein domains. This new prediction model performs well with an average of 92.5% accuracy for structure classification, which is higher than the previous research. We also used our model to predict four known protein structures with a single amino acid sequence, while many other existing methods could only obtain one possible structure for a given sequence.Conclusions The results show that our method provides a new effective and reliable tool for protein structure prediction research.
Comprehensive Analysis of LncRNAs Role in Tumorigenesis of Colon Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Poursheikhani Arash , Abbaszadegan Mohammad Reza , Nokhandani Negin , Kerachian Mohammad Amin
Published: January 2020

Background Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers globally. Molecular aberrations of tumor suppressors and/or oncogenes are the main contributors to its tumorigenesis. However, the exact underlying mechanisms of COAD pathogenesis are not clear yet. Thus, there is an urgent need to indicate promising potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in COAD patients. In the current study, level 3 RNA-seq and miR-seq data and corresponding clinical data of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) were retrieved from the TCGA database.The “limma” package in R software was utilized to indicate the differentially expressed genes. For in silico functional analysis, GO and KEGG signaling pathways were conducted. PPI network was constructed based on the STRING online database by Cytoscape 3.7.2. A ceRNA network was also constructed by “GDCRNATools” package in R software. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (log-rank test) was used to indicate the relation between RNA expressions with patient’s survival time.Results The differential expression data demonstrated that 1512 mRNAs, 188 lncRNAs, and 329 miRNAs were differentially expressed in COAD. The GO and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the differentially expressed mRNAs were primarily enriched in canonical processes in cancer. The PPI network showed that the PPARGC1A, ADAMTS5, PTGS2, FGFR2, TBX1, TWIST1, KIT, BDNF and MET proteins were the critical hubs. The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that 128 mRNAs, 15 lncRNAs, and 39 miRNAs were associated with overall survival time in the patients. The ceRNA network data demonstrated that three lncRNA including MAGI2-AS3, NEAT1, and SNHG3 genes were involved in the development of COAD.Conclusions Altogether, we integrated differentially expressed mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs in COAD bioinformatically. Our data suggested promising lncRNAs in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with COAD.
Whole transcriptome analysis of human lung tissue to identify COPD-associated gene
Authors: Li Qiuyu , Zhu Yizhang , Zhou Aiyuan , Yin Yuxin
Published: January 2020

Identification of the dysfunctional genes in human lung from patients with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will help up to understand the pathology of this disease. Here, using transcriptomic data of lung tissue for 91 COPD cases and 182 matched healthy controls from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database. Employing a stringent model controlling for known covariates and hidden confounders, we identified 1,359 significant differentially expressed genes (DEG) with 707 upregulated and 602 downregulated respectively. We evaluated the identified DEGs in an independent microarray cohort of 219 COPD and 108 controls, demonstrating the robustness of our result. Functional annotation of COPD-associated genes highlighted the activation of complement cascade, dysregulation of inflammatory response and extracellular matrix organization in the COPD patients. In addition, we identified several novel key-hub genes involved in the COPD pathogenesis using a network analysis method. In summary, our study represents the comprehensive analysis of gene expression on COPD with the largest sample size providing great resource for the molecular research in the COPD community.
Value of biomarkers in the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia with concomitant chronic heart failure: a prospective observation study.
Authors: Rachina Svetlana , Bobylev Andrey , Avdeev Sergey , Kozlov Roman , Lazarev Pavel , Mladov Vladimir , Khruleva Yulia
Published: January 2020

Background The diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) is associated with objective difficulties due to similar clinical presentation. We aimed to evaluate the utility of serum biomarkers - С-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in diagnosis of CAP in the presence of СHF.Methods Prospective observational study included patients with previously diagnosed CHF and suspected non-severe CAP. Participants underwent routine procedures and chest multispiral computed tomography (MSCT); serum levels of biomarkers (CRP, PCT, TNFα, IL-6) and BNP were measured. All patients were divided into group 1 with confirmed CAP and group 2 with excluded CAP according to MSCT findings. Standard statistical tools were applied, p-value <0.05 in two-tailed tests was considered statistically significant. The value of biomarkers was determined using logistic regression, their discriminatory efficacy was assessed by analyzing Receiver Operation Characteristic (ROC) curves.Results Altogether 35 with CAP (median age 78 (64-82) years, female 24/35 (68.6%)) and 35 - without CAP (median age 77 (71-82) years, female 22/35 (62.9%)) were enrolled. There were no differences between groups in baseline characteristics, with the exception of body temperature. We found significantly higher levels of CRP 50.0 (35.5-98.5) mg/L, PCT 0.10 (0.05-0.54) ng/mL and IL-6 46.1 (21.4-150.3) pg/mL in group 1 as compared to group 2 - 15.0 (9.5-25.0) mg/L, 0.05 (0.05-0.05) ng/mL and 13,6 (9,5; 25,0) pg/mL, respectively. AUC (95% CI) was the highest for CRP – 0.91 (0.83-0.98), followed by PCT – 0.81 (0.72-0.90) and IL-6 – 0.81 (0.71-0.91). CRP value of 28.5 mg/L had optimal sensitivity and specificity ratio (85.7/91.4%).Conclusion The measurement of serum CRP, PCT, IL-6 levels can be useful for diagnostics of CAP in patients with concomitant CHF. CRP had the optimal diagnostic utility in this population. Key words: community-acquired pneumonia, chronic heart failure, inflammatory biomarkers
Prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infections in Shenzhen, China.
Authors: Chang Shu-Xia , Chen Kang-Kang , Liu Xiao-Ting , Zhang Hao-Yuan , Wu Meng-Man , Zhang Chun-Lai , Ye Jian-Bin , Cai yumao , Yang Wei
Published: January 2020

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and proportion of laboratory-confirmed urethral Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections that were asymptomatic among individuals presenting to different clinics in Shenzhen and the risk factors related to STI infections in this population.Methods In a cross-sectional study, 8,309 eligible individuals were invited to participate in a questionnaire interview, and urine specimens were collected for identification of CT and NG infections. Corresponding outcomes were analyzed by Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression.Results Among 7070 participants who completed the questionnaire and provided the urine specimen, 2871 were asymptomatic and included in our analyses: 1120 (39.0%) males and 1751 (61.0%) females. The prevalence of NG and CT was 0.9% and 6.2% among males reporting no symptoms, and 0.4% and 7.9% among females reporting no symptoms, respectively. The proportion of asymptomatic urethral CT among males with urethral CT was 28.3%; for females, it was 34.2%. For asymptomatic males with urethral NG/CT, 3 independent risk factors were identified: (1) males under the age of 30 (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.07-2.84); (2) being employed in the commercial service work (2.69; 1.33-5.45); and (3) being recruited through the urological department (2.18; 1.24-3.83). For asymptomatic females with urethral NG/CT, 2 independent risk factors were identified: (1) females under the age of 30 (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.25-2.58); and (2) being recruited through the dermatological department (2.83; 1.46-5.46).Conclusion A substantial prevalence of asymptomatic CT infections was found among males and females presenting to clinics in Shenzhen. The significant correlation between asymptomatic CT infection and these risk factors could help identify high-risk populations and guide screening.
Controversial T1G3 bladder cancer is the key to revealing the changes in the biological functions of bladder cancer cells
Authors: Pan Shen , Zhan Yunhong , Chen Xiaonan , Wu Bin , Liu Bitian
Published: January 2020

Background T1G3 shows a higher chance of recurrence and progression among early bladder cancer types and the available treatment option is controversial. High recurrence and progression are the problems that need to be explored and solved. Changes in the internal signals of bladder cancer cells and differential genes may be the root cause of these problems. Methods GSE120736, GSE19915, GSE19423, GSE32548 and GSE37815 datasets were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO ) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Bladder cancer transcript data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were clustered into different cell-specific gene sets according to weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Multiple sets of databases were used for gene expression comparison, functional enrichment, and protein interaction analysis, including The Human Protein Atlas, Cancer Dependency Map, Metascape, Gene set enrichment analysis, and DisNor. Results DEGs were obtained through GEO data comparison and intersection. After WGCNA was proven to recognise cell-specific gene sets, candidate DEGs were selected and shown to be specifically expressed in cancer cells. Candidate DEGs were related to mitosis and cell cycle. Further, 12 functional candidate markers were identified from the sequencing data of 30 bladder cancer cell lines. These genes were all up-regulated and previously shown to be closely related to bladder cancer progression. Conclusions Twelve functional genes with specific differential expression in bladder cancer cells were identified. WGCNA can identify the relatively specific expression sets of different cells in bladder cancer with greater tumour heterogeneity, which provides new perspectives for future cancer research.
Gender and key population disparities in tuberculosis programs in Cambodia: a situational assessment of the national response
Authors: Yi Siyan , Teo Alvin Kuo Jing , Sok Say , Tuot Sovannary , Tieng Sivanna , Khun Kim Eam , Choub Sok Chamreun , Pheng Sok Heng , Mao Tan Eang
Published: January 2020

Background Globally, the successes in tuberculosis (TB) programs are hampered by the challenges in new case identification, particularly in key and vulnerable populations. Identification of gaps in the programs in response to gender and key population sensitivity is crucial in reaching the un-identified cases. This study aims to define TB key populations, assess gender- and key population-specific issues, and identify successes and gaps in the national TB response in Cambodia.Methods This national assessment was conducted in 2018 through a consultative workshop and a validation workshop with representatives of multi-stakeholder groups, a desk review of documents from all levels of the national health system, and 19 in-depth interviews and 30 focus group discussions with policymakers, service providers, and representatives of key populations. Content analysis was conducted for qualitative interviews.Results We identified seven TB key populations to be prioritized for the national TB programs in Cambodia. Key themes that inhibit access to TB services included the lack of knowledge and awareness, distance to TB clinics, lack of time and financial means, and other systemic barriers such as inconsistencies in policy and guideline implementation at different levels of the health system and lack of financial and human resources required for effective program implementation. We did not find any indications of discriminatory practices against women and key populations. In general, community participation in the national TB response was encouraging. However, there were significant gaps in data and reporting system at all levels, which are required to understand the burden of TB and risk behaviors in genders and key populations.Conclusions Disparities in gender and key populations are well-recognized in Cambodia. Barriers to TB services faced by key populations ought to be addressed through consistent engagements with different stakeholders. Data availability is vital for enhancing the understanding of gender and key population gaps, and the existing data should be duly utilized. Mechanisms to ensure equality and inclusivity are necessary to end TB in Cambodia.
Impact of elastic ankle exoskeleton stiffness on neuromechanics and energetics of human walking across multiple speeds
Authors: Nuckols Richard W. , Sawicki Gregory S.
Published: January 2020

Background: Elastic ankle exoskeletons with springs of intermediate stiffness springs in parallel with the human plantarflexors can reduce the metabolic cost of walking by ~7% at 1.25 m s-1. In a move toward ‘real-world’ application, we examined whether the unpowered approach has metabolic benefit across a range of walking speeds, and if so, whether the optimal exoskeleton stiffness was speed dependent. We hypothesized that there is an ‘optimal’ exoskeleton stiffness for any speed which minimizes the user’s metabolic rate and that the metabolically optimal exoskeleton stiffness will also increase with walking speed. Methods: Eleven participants walked on a level treadmill at 1.25, 1.50, and 1.75 m s-1 while we used a state-of-the-art exoskeleton emulator system to apply bilateral ankle exoskeleton assistance at five controlled rotational stiffnesses (kexo = 0, 50, 100, 150, 250 Nm rad-1). We measured metabolic cost, lower limb joint mechanics, and EMG of muscles crossing the ankle, knee, and hip. Results: We measured significant reductions in metabolic cost at the lowest exoskeleton stiffness (50 Nm rad-1) for assisted walking at both 1.25 (4.2%; p = 0.032) and 1.75 m s-1 (4.7%; p = 0.009). At these speeds, the metabolically optimal ankle exoskeleton stiffness provided peak assistive torques of ~0.20 Nm kg-1 that resulted in reduced biological ankle moment of ~12% and reduced soleus muscle activity of ~10%. We found no spring stiffness that could reduce the metabolic cost of walking at 1.5 m s-1. Across all speeds, the non-weighted sum of soleus and tibialis anterior activation rate explained the change metabolic rate due to exoskeleton assistance (p < .05; R2 > 0.56)). Conclusions: Elastic ankle exoskeletons with low rotational stiffness reduce users’ metabolic cost of walking at slow and fast walking speeds but not at intermediate walking speed. The relationship between the non-weighted sum of soleus and tibialis activation and metabolic cost (R2 > 0.56) indicates that muscle activation may drive metabolic demand. Future work using computer simulations and ultrasound imaging will get ‘under the skin’ and examine the interaction between exoskeleton stiffness and plantarflexor muscle dynamics to better inform stiffness selection in human-machine systems.
Impact of relative dose intensity of FOLFOX adjuvant chemotherapy on risk of death among stage III colon cancer patients
Authors: Zhou Meijiao , Thompson Trevor D. , Lin Hui-Yi , Chen Vivien W. , Karlitz Jordan J. , Fontham Elizabeth T.H. , Theall Katherine P. , Zhang Lu , Pollack Lori A. , Wu Xiao-Cheng
Published: January 2020

Background Clinical trials have indicated high-risk (T4 and/or N2) and low-risk (T1-T3 and N1) stage III colon cancer patients might need different doses of FOLFOX to reserve a similar survival probability. Observational studies have investigated the effect of relative dose intensity (RDI) of FOLFOX on cancer survival for patients with stage III colon cancer, but nonetheless, the studies focused on very specific populations, and none performed stratified analysis by risk profiles. This study aims to identify the optimal RDI of FOLFOX administered for high-risk and low-risk stage III colon cancer patients.Methods Data on 407 eligible patients, diagnosed with stage III colon cancer in 2011 who received FOLFOX, were collected by the eight population-based cancer registries for a CDC National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) project focused on Comparative Effectiveness Research. We employed Kaplan-Meier method, cumulative incidence function (CIF), Multivariable Cox model and Fine-Gray competing risks model to explore Optimal Relative Dose Intensity (RDI) defined as the lowest RDI administered without significant differences in either overall or cause-specific death.Results Among the 168 high-risk patients, the optimal RDI cut-off point was 70% where there was no statistically significant difference in overall mortality (HR=1.87; 95% CI: 0.84-4.19) and cause-specific mortality (HR=1.72; 95% CI: 0.61-4.85) when RDI<70% vs. RDI≥70%, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical covariates. When the RDI cut-off was lower than the optimal one (<55% vs. ≥55%, <60% vs. ≥60%, or <65% vs. ≥65%), the overall and cause-specific mortalities were significantly statistically different between the two groups of each comparison. Among the 239 low-risk patients, none of the evaluated cut-offs were associated with statistically significant differences in overall and cause-specific mortalities between comparison groups. The lowest RDI we assessed was 45%, HR=0.79; 95% CI: 0.23-2.67 for the overall mortality and HR=0.49; 95% CI: 0.05-4.84 for the cause-specific mortality, when RDI<45% vs. RDI≥45%.Conclusions To best utilize health care resources while maintaining efficacy, RDI can be maintained at a minimum of 70% in high-risk stage III colon cancer patients. For low-risk patients, we found that RDI as low as 45% did not impact risk of death.
The Prognostic Value of Risk Score Based on Immunogenenomic Landscape Analysis in Glioma
Authors: Luo Haitao , Huang Kai , Tao Chuming , Wu Mioaojing , Ye Minhua , Lv Shigang , Zhu Xingen
Published: January 2020

Background: Glioma is a lethal intracranial tumor, and inflammation plays an important role in the initiation and development of glioma. Hence, there is an urgent need to conduct a bioinformatics analysis of immune-related genes (IRGs) for glioma. The present study aims to explore the association of the risk score with clinical outcomes and predict the prognosis with glioma. Methods: In The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, 462 low grade glioma (LGG) samples and 166 glioblastoma (GBM) samples were reviewed, and IRGs correlated with the prognosis were selected by performing a survival analysis and establishing a Cox regression model. The potential molecular mechanism of these IRGs were also explored with assistance of computational biology. The risk score based on seven survival-associated IRGs was determined with the help of the multivariable Cox analysis, the patients were divided into two subgroups according to their risk score. Results: It was found that these differentially expressed IRGs were involved with the cytokine-cytokine receptor through functional enrichment analysis. The risk score based on the seven IRGs (SSTR5、CXCL10、CCL13、SAA1、CCL21、CCL27 and HTR1A) performed well in predicting patient’s the overall survival (OS), and correlated with age, 1p/19q codeletion status, IDH status, and WHO grades, both in the training (TCGA) datasets and the validation ((Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas) CGGA) datasets. The risk score also could reflect infiltration through several types of immune cells. Conclusions: This present study screened some IRGs associated with the patient’s clinical characteristic and prognosis, connect to the immune repertoire, demonstrated the importance of the risk score as a promising biomarker for estimating the clinical prognosis of glioma.
Correlation between detergent activity and anti-herpes simplex virus-2 activity of commercially available vaginal gels
Authors: Szőllősi Andrea , Raffai Tímea , Bogdanov Anita , Endrész Valéria , Párducz László , Somogyvári Ferenc , Janovák László , Burián Katalin , Virok Dezső Peter
Published: January 2020

Objective Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infections are almost exclusively sexually transmitted. The presence of vaginal gels during the sexual activity may have a significant positive or negative impact on the viral transmission. Therefore we investigated three off-the-shelf vaginal lubricants and one pH restoring gel to evaluate their impact on HSV-2 growth. Results HeLa cells were infected with untreated virions and virions incubated with the particular gels. The accumulation of viral genomes was monitored by quantitative PCR (qPCR) method at 24 hours post infection. Two of the tested gels had no significant effect on HSV-2 growth at the maximum applied concentration, while two had a strong inhibitory effect (~ 98% growth reduction). The growth inhibitory effect was observed at various multiplicity of infection (MOI 0.4-6.4) and the two inhibitory gels were also capable of inhibiting the HSV-2 induced cytopathic effect on HeLa cells. The surface tension decreasing activity - a sign of detergent activity - was strongly correlated with the anti-HSV-2 activity of the gels (R2: 0.88). Our results indicate that off-the-shelf vaginal gels have a markedly different anti-HSV-2 activity that may influence HSV-2 transmission.
Silencing HSF4 can inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells
Authors: Fang Chen , Longfei Yang , Xiaofeng Wang , Yang Zheng , Jiaxi Chen , Xiangnan Zhu
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To explore the regulatory role of HSF4 in hepatocellular carcinoma stemness property maintaining and analysis the clinical significance of HSF4 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Materials and methods: Tumor spheroid formation assay was conducted to assess stemness property and enrich hepatocellular carcinoma stem-like cells. qRT-PCR and Western Blot was used to detect genes mRNA and protein expression level. KM-plotter database wad used to analyze the correlation between HSF4 and overall survival (OS) in HCC patients. Result: mRNA level of HSF4, as well as stemness-associated genes, was significantly higher in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue then in adjacent normal tissue. Positive correlation between expression level of HSF4 and SOX (r=0.1668, p<0.05), NANOG (r=0.7, p<0.05), POUSF1(r=0.7362, p<0.05), CD44(r=0.0128, p<0.05) was observed. The KM plotter showed that there is no significant difference between HSF4 high patients and HF4 low patients in term of overall survival (OS)(p=0.48). However, significant difference in terms of progression-free survival (PFS)(p=0.019) and relapse-free survival (RFS)(p=0.005) between these two groups was observed. In vitro assay results also suggest the positive correlation between HSF4 and stemness-associated genes. Increased HSF4 expression confers HCC enhanced tumor spheroid formation ability. Conclusion: HSF4 is significantly increased in liver cancer stem-like cells, indicating the possible contribution of HSF4 to stemness properties maintenance in liver cancer stem-like cells. Silencing HSF4 inhibits proliferation of hepatoma cells.
The rate-limiting step for photosynthetic CO2 utilization under varying atmospheric evaporative demand in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)
Authors: Zhang Dalong , Li Qingming , Yamori Wataru , Wei Min
Published: January 2020

Background: Despite atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD) was demonstrated as significant environmental factors affecting plant photosynthesis and productivity, the regulating mechanism under varying atmospheric evaporative demand was still unclarified. The contribution of stomatal, mesophyll resistance and biochemical limitation imposed on photosynthesis in tomato under varying evaporative demand was highlighted in the present study. Quantitative photosynthetic limitation analysis across a series of VPD was performed in well-watered tomato, by combining gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence. Results: Photosynthetic performance in tomato was gradually depressed with increasing in VPD. Under low VPD condition, stomatal and mesophyll conductance were sufficiently high for CO2 transport, which facilitated high chloroplast CO2 concentration for carbon fixation. Stomatal and mesophyll limitation accounted a low fraction, and photosynthetic potential was mostly constrained by biochemical limitation inside chloroplasts under low VPD condition. With increasing in VPD, plant water stress was gradually pronounced and triggered declines in stomatal and mesophyll conductance. Contribution of stomatal and mesophyll limitation on photosynthesis increased gradually with rise in VPD. Consequently, the low CO2 availability inside chloroplast substantially constrained photosynthesis under high VPD condition. Conclusion: Photosynthetic potential in tomato was mostly constrained by biochemical limitation inside chloroplasts under low VPD condition. CO2 diffusion limitation in series of stomatal and mesophyll resistance was the key rate-limiting step for photosynthesis under high VPD condition.
Ästhetische Erfahrung und visuelle Kompetenz: Zur Erweiterung der diskursiven Medienkompetenz um präsentative Elemente
Authors: Mikos Lothar
Published: January 2020

Der Autor beschreibt den gegenwärtigen theoretischen Diskurs um den Begriff der Medienkompetenz und stellt fest, dass ihm das gerade bei Kindern und Jugendlichen bedeutende Element der ästhetischen Erfahrung darin fehlt. Als solche bezeichnet er nichtsprachliche Elemente des gemeinsamen medialen Erlebens. Zunächst wird dies an der Rockmusik ausgeführt, die Teil einer bestimmten Jugendkultur ist. Die Rockmusik wird vom Autor in Zusammenhang gesetzt mit milieuspezifischer Sozialisation, Gefühls- und Erfahrungswelten. Ähnlich wie die Musik sind auch Bilder ein wichtiger Bestandteil der ästhetischen Kultur von Kindern und Jugendlichen, wie der Autor unter Ausführung semiotischer und kognitionspsychologischer Grundlagen der Bildwahrnehmung ausführt. Anschließend setzt er die kognitiven Reifeprozesse in Zusammenhang mit der Entwicklung medialer Kompetenzen, Er plädiert dafür, die visuelle und die musikalische Kompetenz nicht der linearen, auf Eindeutigkeit ausgerichteten Lesekompetenz unterzuordnen, sondern alle als Bestandteil der Medienkompetenz zu betrachten.
Emotionalität in Internet-Seminaren
Authors: Siekmann Ina
Published: January 2020

Anhand von Textbeispielen versucht die Autorin zu belegen, dass sich – entgegen der weit verbreiteten Meinung – auch in Internet-Seminaren Emotionalität feststellen lässt.
Zur interaktionistischen Theorie der mediatisierten Kommunikation
Authors: Holefleisch Ulrich
Published: January 2020

Nicht nur Fachleute beklagen die mangelnde Qualität der deutschen Filme und Werbespots. Eine Ursache für die mangelnden Erfolge solcher mediatisierten Kommunikation liegt in einer systematischen Interaktionsstörung zwischen der Medienpraxis und Medienforschung. Die aktuelle deutschsprachige Medienwirkungsforschung entzieht sich weitgehend der gebotenen und von Macher/innen erwarteten gesellschafts- und praxisdienenden Aufgabe. Der Hauptgrund hierfür liegt darin, dass die zumeist zugrunde gelegten Forschungsrahmen (conceptual frameworks) praxisrelevante Kategorien wie die der Zuschauerperspektive weitgehend ignorieren. Das hier vorgestellte interaktionistische Modell der mediatisierten Kommunikation will deshalb als Forschungsrahmen den Blick auf Übersehenes richten. Darüber hinaus soll dieses Modell auch für Praktiker als Prüfschema zur Mediaplanung dienen, mediatisierte Kommunikation - gemessen am eigenen Anspruch - kalkulierbarer und damit auch erfolgreicher zu machen.
Von der Medienwirkungsbehauptung zur erziehungswissenschaftlichen Medienrezeptionsforschung. Vorschlag zur Analyse von Filmkommunikaten
Authors: Drinck Barbara , Ehrenspeck Yvonne , Hackenberg Achim , Hedenigg Silvia , Lenzen Dieter
Published: January 2020

Im Hinblick auf die Erforschung spezifischer Zusammenhänge von Medienkonsum und der Herausbildung von Einstellungen und Handlungen wird eine konstruktivistische Theorieorientierung plausibilisiert, indem zunächst auf den Stand der Medienwirkungsforschung eingegangen und vor dem Hintergrund einer begründeten Kritik des Wirkungsverständnisses auf die Notwendigkeit einer medienrezeptionswissenschaftlichen Forschungsalternative hingewiesen wird. Weiterhin wird der Stand der (erziehungswissenschaftlichen) Medienrezeptionsforschung erörtert. Sodann werden Elemente einer konstruktivistischen Methodologie von Medienrezeptionsforschung beschrieben, die am Beispiel der Rezeption von Filmen konkretisiert werden. Dabei wird das Konzept des Kommunikates (S.J. Schmidt) als Ausgangspunkt genommen, ein Vorschlag für eine Beschreibungssprache für (Film-) Kommunikate entwickelt und eine Adaption des Ansatzes filmischer Narration zur Sprache gebracht.
Wissensmanagementsysteme in Schulen oder: wie bringe ich Ordnung ins Chaos?
Authors: Breiter Andreas
Published: January 2020

Die zunehmende Ausstattung von Schulen mit digitalen Medien wird zu einer Herausforderung für die Organisationsentwicklung. Digitale Materialien der Lehrkräfte sowie Schülerarbeiten in digitalisierter Form wachsen tagtäglich an. Bisher fehlen geeignete organisatorische und technische Möglichkeiten zur Archivierung, Verteilung und Nutzung. In Unternehmen hat sich mit dem Begriff Wissensmanagement ein organsatorisches Konzept etabliert, das die Nutzung der Ressource Wissen optimieren will. Um diese Prozesse zu unterstützen, wurden und werden informations- und kommunikationstechnische Werkzeuge entwickelt, deren Übertragung auf den Schulbereich aufgrund dessen organisatorischer Komplexität aber scheitern muss. In diesem Beitrag werden diese Besonderheiten herausgestellt und die Erfahrungen mit der Entwicklung eines webbasierten Wissensmanagementsystems in Zusammenarbeit mit Schulen skizziert.
Medienkompetent zum Schulübergang: Erste Ergebnisse einer Forschungs- und Interventionsstudie zum Medienumgang in der Frühen Bildung
Authors: Marci-Boehncke Gudrun , Rath Matthias , Müller Anita
Published: January 2020

Das Mediennutzungsverhalten von Vierjährigen und ihrer Erzieherinnen in der Kita wurde in dieser Studie betrachtet. Über die Aussagen von Erzieherinnen und Eltern, aber auch qualitative Verfahren wurde erhoben, wie medienkompetent einerseits die Kinder eingeschätzt werden und welchen Medienumgang sie zeigen. Andererseits sollten auch die Erzieherinnen ihre Einstellungen zu Medien darstellen. Vor dem Hintergrund der Kapitalsorten- und Habitustheorie Bourdieus wurde ein Forschungs- und Interventionsprojekt konzipiert, das bei Erzieherinnen und Kindern gleichzeitig den integrierten Medienumgang fördert und über metakognitive Prozesse der Evaluation und Fortbildung die Einstellung zu Medien positiv beeinflussen soll. Ergebnisse der Studie aus dem ersten Projektjahr liegen vor, sie zeigen positive Veränderungen bei den Erzieherinnen in der Einschätzung der eigenen Fähigkeiten und denen der Kinder.
Fotografie – Bildungsmedium und Forschungsperspektive
Authors: Holzbrecher Alfred
Published: January 2020

Mit Blick auf das «multiliteracies»-Konzept wird das Potenzial des Bildungsmediums Fotografie in der Entschleunigung und Intensivierung der Wahrnehmung gesehen. Rezeptive Arbeit mit Fotos und vor allem das aktive Fotografieren eröffnet Grundformen einer fotodidaktischen Arbeit nicht nur im Projekt-, sondern gerade im Fachunterricht. Im letzten Teil des Beitrags werden unterschiedliche Interpretationskontexte für Fotos identifiziert, deren Kenntnis einen mehrperspektivischen Blick auf Kinder- und Jugendfotos eröffnen und zur Entwicklungsaufgabe pädagogischer Professionalität werden könnten.
Filmkindheiten
Authors: Ruge Wolfgang B.
Published: January 2020

Rezension zu: Gölz, Christine, Karin Hoff, und Anja Tippner, Hrsg. 2010. Filme der Kindheit, Kindheit im Film: Beispiele aus Skandinavien, Mittel- und Osteuropa. Kinder- und Jugendkultur, -literatur und -medien, Bd. 66. Frankfurt am Main ; New York: Peter Lang.
Filmische Biographiearbeit
Authors: Baetge Caroline
Published: January 2020

Rezension zu: Medebach, Dirk H. 2011. Filmische Biographiearbeit im Bereich Demenz: eine soziologische Studie über Interaktion, Medien, Biographie und Identität in der stationären Pflege. Demenz, Bd. 2. Berlin: Lit-Verl.
Public-private partnership as an effective mechanism for attracting private investment in achieving the aims the socio-economic development of Ukraine
Authors: Komarynska Yuliia , Kryshevych Olha , Linnyk Nataliya , Karelin Vladyslav , Kofanova Olena
Published: January 2020

The article analyzes public-private partnership (PPP) as a form of interaction between state and business in the context of optimizing the Ukrainian economy. According to the results of SWOT analysis of the implementation of PPP projects in the infrastructure of Ukraine (2017–2019), the main criteria that determine the necessary model of public-private partnership were substaintiated, namely the distribution of investments, risks, obligations between the state and the private sector, the term and object of the agreement.The study analyzed the impact of economic, political, legislative and criminal processes on public-private partnerships in Ukraine. It was proved that the formation of specific allocation relations based on the interaction between public and private property is the most important feature of public-private partnership, which distinguishes it from other forms of interaction between the state and business. Advantages of PPP are as follows: the increase of management efficiency of state and municipal property objects, the reduction of tax burden on the state budget and optimization of budget expenditures on public services provision, the maintenance of budget-funded institutions, etc. It has been established that the PPP is the best alternative to privatization in order to attract private investment in strategic infrastructure facilities.
Results of eye lens doses control of medical personnel in St. Petersburg
Authors: Shleenkova Ekaterina N. , Golikov Vladislav Yu. , Kaidanovsky Georgy N. , Bazhin Stepan Yu. , Ilyin Vladimir A.
Published: January 2020

Results of individual monitoring for personnel of X-ray surgical teams in several clinics of St. Petersburg are presented and analyzed. Measurements of the operational quantities – individual dose equivalents Hp (3) and Hp (10) were performed by thermoluminescent dosimetry method. Dosimeters designed to measure Hp (3) were located in the operators forehead area, and to determine Hp (10) both above the operator ‘s individual protective apron in the collar or chest area and under the protective apron in the chest area. The results of 34 measurements of the annual values of Hp (3) and Hp (10) measured above the apron and 24 values of Hp (10) measured below the apron were processed and analyzed. The results after the statistical treatment show that the probability of exceeding the annual values of Hp (3) in the personnel of X-ray surgical teams of the new dose limit 20 mSv is small, less than 1%. Exceeding the current dose limit of the equivalent exposure dose of the lens of the eye (150 mSv) is hardly possible at all under normal conditions. The best solution for evaluating the radiation dose of the lens of the eye is to measure the individual equivalent of the dose Hp (3), using a suitably calibrated TL-dosimeter (thermoluminescent dosimeter) located near the worker’s eyes. However, this additional dosimeter is only necessary when the values of eye lens equivalent dose can approach the new value of dose limit of 20 mSv. According to the results of the study, it is possible to introduce such an additional dosimeter if the annual value of Hp (10) recorded by the dosimeter located above the protective apron is more than 10 mSv.
Comparative analysis of the external exposure of different professional groups of medical staff of Dushanbe city of the Republic of Tajikistan
Authors: Khakimova Nodira U. , Malysheva Elena Yu. , Shosafarova Shoira G. , Mirsaidov Ulmas M.
Published: January 2020

The work provides a comparative analysis of average annual individual radiation doses based on the obtained values of individual dose equivalent Hp (10), which had been obtained during 5 years of investigations (2014-2018) by using the thermo-luminescent dosimetry method of 70 employees working computed tomography, radioscopy, fluorography and radiography from 15 medical institutions in Dushanbe city. The ratio of medical personnel of the different professional groups showed that 63% of them were engaged in radiography, 19% x-ray, 10% computed tomography and 8% radioscopy. Analysis of the average annual radiation doses of every occupational group showed that the specialists in charge of fluorography have a high dose (max 1.74 mSv) and the personal of computed tomography have the lowest dose (max 1.34 mSv), and over time there is a tendency to equalize the values of average annual doses for all professional groups in the area close to the value of 1.5 mSv. The obtained data of the effective annual dose for all occupational categories had not exceeded the permissible dose limits values required by the «Radiation Safety Standards» (NRB-06 SP 2.6.1.001-06). Calculations are given without subtracting background values. The analysis data allows to identify the most exposed professional groups and to address the issues of ensuring radiation safety in a targeted manner.
Patients skin dose measurements during interventional radiological examinations using Gafchromic XR-RV3 FILM
Authors: Sarycheva Svetlana S.
Published: January 2020

This work is devoted to the assessment of the absorbed dose in the skin of patients undergoing interventional radiological examinations. There is a probability of deterministic effects in the skin of patients due to high doses of radiation during this type of medical examinations. The aim of this work was to conduct direct measurements of the absorbed dose in the skin of patients undergoing interventional radiological procedures using special dosimetric radiochromic films Gafchromic XR-RV3 to visualize the distribution of radiation over the patient’s skin surface and to study the possibility of exceeding the threshold values for the deterministic effects in the skin. The paper discusses the features of measurements with GafchromiC XR-RV3 films. The method of film digitization on conventional flatbed scanner and image processing with the ImageJ program was tested. The obtained calibration curve for this type of film was presented. The skin dose distributions for several interventional studies obtained with radiochromic films were presented. The measured value of the maximum absorbed dose in the skin for four of the fourteen analyzed procedures exceeded the threshold value of the absorbed dose for the occurrence of skin erythema in 2 Gy. The highest values of the maximum absorbed dose in the skin were obtained for the coronary angioplasty – 3.2 Gy and for the procedure of embolization of the uterine arteries – 2.9 Gy.
ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY IN CHILDREN
Authors: MELNIK S. I. , PINEVSKAYA M. V. , ORLOVA E. A. , STAREVSKAYA S. V. , MELNIKOVA I. Y. , LARIONOVA V. I.
Published: January 2020

Hereditary deficiency of the alpha-1-antitrypsin occupies a leading position among the causes of chronic nonspecific lung diseases with emphysema formation. Deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin is a potentially fatal hereditary disease, under-diagnosed by physicians of various specialities. The authors familiarize pediatricians with this hereditary disease, difficulties of its diagnosis and treatment. There are presented own author`s data on the diagnosis and the experience of the enzyme replacement therapy of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency with the drug INN «Alpha-1 antitrypsin human» (Respikam).
AMOXYCILLIN FOR COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN
Authors: MALAKHOV A. B. , KOLOSOVA N. G.
Published: January 2020

The majority of respiratory diseases have viral etiology, and they do not require antibacterial therapy since it does not affect the course of the disease, does not reduce the incidence of bacterial complications. The causes of tonsillitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia are bacterial pathogens, such as Streptococcus pyogenes (group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus), Streptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenza, S. aureus and Moraxella catarrhalis. Home treatment of children remains a global challenge, as it may be the cause of an unfavorable outcome in young children, and, therefore, the issues of diagnostics and rational antibiotic therapy are still relevant. Irrational use of antibiotics can promote growth of resistance of bacterial pathogens, increase the frequency of adverse reactions of therapy and increase the cost of treatment
Dinámica del consumo de gasolina en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua.
Authors: Fullerton Jr Thomas M. , Muñoz Sapien Gabriel , Barraza de Anda Martha Patricia , Domínguez Ruvalcaba Lisbeily
Published: January 2020

Este estudio analiza la dinámica del consumo de la gasolina en la economía metropolitana de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México. El análisis se lleva a cabo con la estimación de parámetros con la metodología de funciones de transferencia lineales arima. Este mercado es de interés ya que se observan influencias de condiciones económicas regionales, nacionales e internacionales. Variables que resultan significativas incluyen el precio real de la gasolina en Ciudad Juárez, el precio de la gasolina en Ciudad Juárez en relación con el precio de El Paso, Texas, EE.UU., y el empleo en Ciudad Juárez. Simulaciones fuera de muestra indican que el modelo es relativamente preciso en las proyecciones de uno a 24 meses de longitud
Prensa y nacionalismo en Baja California durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial
Authors: Gruel Sández Víctor M.
Published: January 2020

El propósito de este trabajo es explicar algunas representaciones periodísticas del Territorio Norte de la Baja California. El corpus de textos que componen el presente artículo documentará diferentes versiones sobre el pasado de la península desde la naturaleza discursiva del lenguaje político. Los bajacalifornianos aparecerán representados por los periodistas, luchando por erradicar la imagen de un lugar aislado, deshabitado y lleno de estadunidenses. El discurso editorial de la prensa de Tijuana, Mexicali y ciudad de México será analizado al calor de los conflictos regionales, nacionales e internacionales. La opinión pública fue un espacio donde la gente de Baja California negoció el nacionalismo, mientras el mundo se colapsaba durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial.
Elasticidades de sustitución y separabilidad de los factores productivos de la industria
Authors: Ibarra Salazar Jorge , García Pérez Francisco
Published: January 2020

Los estudios sobre la demanda de factores productivos en la industria maquiladora se han concentrado en la demanda de mano de obra. Esta literatura ha avanzado en dos sentidos: especificando modelos dinámicos de demanda laboral; o bien, obteniendo las demandas derivadas a partir de funciones de producción que suponen rendimientos constantes a escala, separabilidad entre los factores productivos o ciertos patrones de sustitución entre ellos. En este artículo estimamos una función de producción translog sin imponer esas restricciones a priori, para determinar si la evidencia brinda sustento para tales supuestos. En particular, analizamos las hipótesis de rendimientos constantes a escala; y las diferentes formas que puede adoptar la separabilidad en una función de producción con tres factores productivos. Empleamos datos que combinan series de tiempo anuales (1990–2006) con corte transversal de nueve sectores económicos de la maquiladora Mexicana. Encontramos que no hay evidencia que soporte los supuestos que se han empleado en los estudios de demandas factoriales con fundamento en la especificación de la tecnología. En particular, encontramos evidencia de rendimientos decrecientes a escala y de que las elasticidades de sustitución entre los factores productivos son todas diferentes. La elasticidad de sustitución estimada entre la mano de obra y el capital es menor a 1; entre la mano de obra y los materiales varía entre 1 y 1.5; mientras que entre el capital y los materiales es mayor a 2.
On the role of the Russian Orthodox Church in bringing the religious space of Russia in accordance with the Constitution
Authors: Gorina Natalia V. , Kirillov Dmitry A.
Published: January 2020

Bringing the religious space of Russia into conformity with the Constitution requires replacing the patience in the matters of faith as a principle of the organization of the religious sphere by religious tolerance. Among the religious communities of the country, the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) should play an important role in this process.
The study of the role of the ROC in the constitutionalization of the religious space of Russia was not of great interest to science. The special cultural, historical, and spiritual role of Orthodoxy for Russia creates the prerequisites for the leading place of the ROC in this process. Meanwhile, a number of obstacles prevents the ROC from taking this place. The purpose of the study is to identify such obstacles and propose approaches to overcome them.
The basis of the research methodology is the dialectic, supplemented by elements of a number of other approaches. Research methods are historical, relatively legal and logical analysis, synthesis, surveys. During the study, the authors interviewed more than nine hundred respondents in six countries, including about 700 individuals who identified themselves as persons of faith.
The study showed a reduced level of respectfulness from persons of a different faith for the ROC in comparison with their respectfulness to the Orthodox faith. To change the situation, the ROC should begin by recognizing the historical mistakes of Orthodoxy towards people of a different faith, refusing patience in matters of faith in favor of religious tolerance, and establishing the real number of observers of Orthodox faith in Russia.
The relevance of the study is due to the accumulation of prerequisites in a society of disrespect for the ROC. In addition, with the adoption of the UN GA Resolution on Religious Tolerance, supported by Russia, the role of the ROC in bringing the religious space into accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation should increase.
In conclusion, possessing the potential signs of a religious leader in bringing the religious space of Russia in accordance with the Constitution, the ROC is in fact not fully prepared for such a role. It is necessary to take a number of measures to change the situation.