bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning orientation and innovation performance: the mediating role of operations strategy and supply chain integration
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Jabarzadeh Younis , Jeihouni Paria , Garza-Reyes Jose Arturo
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of operations strategy (cost, quality, flexibility and delivery) and supply chain integration on innovation performance under influence of learning orientation.

Design/methodology/approach

Taking a quantitative and deductive approach, a conceptual framework was developed and tested by analyzing data gathered through survey questionnaire from 243 UK manufacturing firms using structural equation modeling.

Findings

The findings show that learning orientation influences operations strategy and supply chain integration, but it does not have a direct impact on innovation performance. Additionally, quality and flexibility strategies affect innovation performance and supply chain integration positively, while cost and delivery strategies do not have a significant effect on these variables.

Research limitations/implications

Operations strategy types (cost, quality, flexibility and delivery) were studied as distinct variables, whereas supply chain integration also has several dimensions but that has not been investigated separately in the present research. The findings are also based on limited 243 responses from UK manufacturing firms.

Practical implications

Innovation performance of manufacturing firms can be improved through a more integrated supply chain if managers embody flexibility and quality capabilities in their operations and become learning oriented.

Originality/value

The effect of supply chain integration on innovation performance and learning orientation on supply chain integration and operations strategy types have not been fully explored in literature. Also, having all four operations strategy types in a direct relation to supply chain integration and innovation performance is another original aspect of the current study.
Reflections on the theme issue outcomes
Authors: Hussain Kashif , Ragavan Neethiahnanthan Ari , Tang Thienming , Loong Low Chris Kam , Teare Richard
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to profile the Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes theme issue “The way forward: how is Malaysian hospitality and tourism education working with industry?” with reference to the experiences of the theme editors and writing team.

Design/methodology/approach

Structured questions were used to enable the theme editors to reflect on the rationale for the theme issue question, the starting point, the selection of the writing team and material and the editorial process.

Findings

Malaysia’s hospitality and tourism industry is facing an acute shortage of skilled employees, accentuated by the fact that jobs in the industry are not broadly appealing to Malaysians.

Practical implications

The hospitality and tourism industry in Malaysia wants to employ graduates with a professional attitude and mindset, and to secure this objective, a greater focus on work-based learning is needed.

Originality/value

The paper draws on discussion and applied research to explore the hospitality and tourism industry–education collaboration in Malaysia and the ways in which employability and retention can be enhanced by a greater emphasis on work-based learning.
Research Note: A proposed procedure for ameliorating edge effects in magnetic data transformations
Authors: Lelièvre Peter G. , Fournier Dominique , Walker Sean E. , Williams Nicholas C. , Farquharson Colin G.
Published: March 2020

Reduction to pole and other transformations of total field magnetic intensity data are often challenging to perform at low magnetic latitudes, when remanent magnetization exists, and when large topographic relief exists. Several studies have suggested the use of inversion‐based equivalent source methods for performing such transformations under those complicating factors. However, there has been little assessment of the importance of erroneous edge effects that occur when fundamental assumptions underlying the transformation procedures are broken. In this work we propose a transformation procedure that utilizes magnetization vector inversion, inversion‐based regional field separation and equivalent source inversion on unstructured meshes. We investigated whether edge effects in transformations could be reduced by performing a regional separation procedure prior to equivalent source inversion. We applied our proposed procedure to the transformation of total field magnetic intensity to all three Cartesian magnetic field components using a complicated synthetic example based on a real geological scenario from mineral exploration. While the procedure performed acceptably on this test example, the results could be improved. We pose many questions regarding the various choices and control parameters used throughout the procedure, but we leave the investigation of those questions to future work.
Redefining the “Public Option”: Lessons from Washington State and New Mexico
Authors: SPARER MICHAEL
Published: March 2020

Policy Points

States are enacting a host of policy initiatives designed to reduce the number of Americans without health insurance. Policymakers and policy analysts need to examine whether this “laboratory of federalism” is producing ideas that can and should be replicated on a national scale.

This article evaluates reform efforts in two states: Washington state, which enacted what its policymakers call a “public option” and New Mexico, which failed in its effort to enact a Medicaid buy‐in. Some common themes emerge. First, without federal funding, state efforts to aid the uninsured remain limited. Second, the gap between commercial and public insurance reimbursement rates poses an additional significant obstacle.

Washington state was able to overcome these obstacles by enacting a law (called Cascade Care) which imposes public sector reimbursement rates in a commercial insurance market (the state's ACA Marketplace). This quasi‐ or redefined public option could become a politically viable model for federal policymakers.
The relationship between gastric cancer, its precancerous lesions and bile reflux: A retrospective study
Authors: Li Dan , Zhang Jian , Yao Wen Zhu , Zhang Dong Lin , Feng Chen Chen , He Qi , Lv Huan Huan , Cao Ya Ping , Wang Jie , Qi Ying , Wu Si Ran , Wang Na , Zhao Jing , Shi Yong Quan
Published: March 2020

Objective

To evaluate the relationship between gastric cancer (GC) and precancerous lesions and bile reflux.

Methods

Medical records of 30 465 participants who underwent gastroscopy between January and December 2018 in our center were reviewed. Their age, sex, time of endoscopy, endoscopic/histologic diagnosis and grade of bile reflux were recorded. The participants were further divided into the chronic gastritis group (n = 27 807), a precancerous lesion group (n = 1943) and a GC group (n = 715). The χ2 tests and hierarchical analyses were performed.

Results

Patients aged 18‐27 years had a higher bile reflux rate than those aged 28‐37 and 68‐75 years (P < 0.001), while it did not differ between patients aged <50 years and those over 50 years (P = 0.639). It was lower in men than in women (P < 0.001). The bile reflux rate did not differ in terms of months, seasons and half of the year (all P > 0.05), but differed between morning and afternoon when they underwent the endoscopy (P = 0.000). There was an interrelationship between the severity of gastric mucosal disease and bile reflux grade (r = 0.171). After excluding the effects of sex, age and time of endoscopy on bile reflux, bile reflux rate in chronic gastritis and precancerous lesions was lower than in gastric cancer (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Bile reflux may be a risk factor for gastric cancer and precancerous lesions. A high grade of bile reflux may be associated with the progression of gastric mucosal diseases.
Dose‐response associations between serum creatinine and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: A Chinese cohort study and meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Qin Pei , Lou Yanmei , Cao Liming , Shi Jing , Tian Gang , Liu Dechen , Zhou Qionggui , Guo Chunmei , Li Quanman , Zhao Yang , Liu Feiyan , Wu Xiaoyan , Qie Ranran , Han Minghui , Huang Shengbing , Zhao Ping , Wang Changyi , Ma Jianping , Peng Xiaolin , Xu Shan , Chen Hongen , Zhao Dan , Zhang Ming , Hu Dongsheng , Hu Fulan
Published: March 2020

Background

This study aims to investigate the association between serum creatinine and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on a cohort analysis and meta‐analysis of cohort studies.

Methods

We enrolled 41 439 participants aged ≥18 years without T2DM at baseline, who had ≥2 health examinations based on an ongoing prospective cohort in Beijing. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. For the meta‐analysis, cohort studies reporting risk estimates for the serum creatinine‐T2DM association were included. A random‐effects model was used to calculate summary relative risks (RRs) and restricted cubic splines to model the dose‐response association.

Results

During a mean follow‐up of 3.54 years, 1867 developed T2DM. Low serum creatinine was associated with increased risk of T2DM; adjusted HRs (95% CIs) across sex‐specific quartiles were 1.45 (1.24, 1.71), 1.19 (1.02, 1.39), 1.07 (0.92, 1.24), and 1.00 (reference). The association was significant for both sexes and individuals with overweight or obesity. In the meta‐analysis of six cohort studies (including the current study) involving 115 767 participants and 5370 T2DM events, the pooled RR was 1.61 (95% CI 1.35, 1.92), comparing the lowest with the highest category of serum creatinine. We found a linear association between serum creatinine and T2DM risk (Pnonlinearity = .082) and an increased risk of T2DM with each 0.1‐mg/dL decrease in serum creatinine (RR = 1.07; 95% CI 1.04, 1.09).

Conclusions

The cohort study and meta‐analysis provide further evidence supporting the negative association between serum creatinine and T2DM risk in a linear dose‐response pattern.
Space use and temporal partitioning of sympatric Tasmanian devils and spotted‐tailed quolls
Authors: Andersen Georgina E. , Johnson Christopher N. , Jones Menna E.
Published: March 2020

Sympatric species can minimise interspecific competition by spatial avoidance or by altering their temporal activity to reduce encounter rates. The Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), the largest carnivorous marsupial, coexists with the smaller spotted‐tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) in Tasmania, Australia. Quolls may be susceptible to interspecific competition from devils, because they utilise similar habitats, consume similar prey species and are displaced by devils at food sources. Such competition might cause quolls to spatially or temporally avoid devils. To investigate whether spatial or temporal avoidance occurred, we deployed GPS collars on sympatric devils and quolls and conducted a camera survey at a site in northwest Tasmania where the devil population was not affected by devil facial tumour disease. GPS tracking coincided with the lactation period when devils and quolls had young in dens and continued until weaning occurred. We found little spatial segregation of home range and core area placement between devils and quolls and among devils. Quolls showed more spatial segregation within the sexes than between them. Devils had larger home ranges than quolls. Male devils had larger home ranges than females, but there was no difference in home range size between the sexes of quolls. Females of both species travelled significantly further per night than did males. There was moderate temporal partitioning between the two species: devil activity peaked after dusk and devils remained active until the early morning, while quoll activity showed distinct peaks around dusk and dawn. In conclusion, quolls did not spatially avoid devils but moderate temporal partitioning occurred. It is plausible that quolls are active at different times of the diel cycle to reduce encountering devils, but further studies are needed to resolve the cause of this temporal partitioning.
Fragmented QRS is associated with intraventricular dyssynchrony and independently predicts nonresponse to cardiac resynchronization therapy—Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pranata Raymond , Yonas Emir , Vania Rachel , Tondas Alexander Edo , Yuniadi Yoga
Published: March 2020

Background

Fragmented QRS (fQRS) is postulated to be associated with ventricular dyssynchrony and might be able to predict a nonresponse to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) implantation. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we aim to assess whether fQRS can be a marker of intraventricular dyssynchronies in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy and whether it is an independent predictor of nonresponse in patients receiving CRT.

Methods

We performed a comprehensive search on topics that assesses fQRS and its association with intraventricular dyssynchrony and nonresponse to CRT up until September 2019.

Results

Fragmented QRS is associated with intraventricular dyssynchrony (OR 10.34 [3.39, 31.54], p < .001; I2: 80% with sensitivity 76.8%, specificity 77%, LR+ 3.3, and LR− 0.3). Subgroup analysis showed that fQRS is associated with intraventricular dyssynchrony in patients with narrow QRS complex (OR 20.92 [12.24, 35.73], p < .001; I2: 0%) and nonischemic cardiomyopathy (OR of 19.97 [12.12, 32.92], p < .001; I2: 0%). Fragmented QRS was also associated with a higher time‐to‐peak myocardial sustained systolic (Ts‐SD) (OR 15.19 [12.58, 17.80], p < .001; I2: 0% and positive Yu index (OR 15.61 [9.07, 26.86], p < .001; I2: 0%). Fragmented QRS has a pooled adjusted OR of OR of 1.70 [1.35, 2.14], p < .001; I2: 62% for association with a nonresponse to CRT. QRS duration is found to be higher in nonresponders group mean difference −8.54 [−13.38, −3.70], p < .001; I2: 70%.

Conclusion

Fragmented QRS is associated with intraventricular dyssynchrony and is independently associated with nonresponse to cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Development of a novel automatic ascites filtration and concentration equipment with multi‐ring‐type roller pump units for cell‐free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy
Authors: Okahisa Toshiya , Sogabe Masahiro , Nakagawa Tadahiko , Tanaka Kumiko , Tomonari Tetsu , Taniguchi Tatsuya , Takahashi Akira , Kinouchi Yohsuke , Nishioka Junji , Igata Naoki , Yanagawa Hiroaki , Komatsu Takatoshi , Ohnishi Yoshiaki , Fukuhara Masashi , Ishikawa Masashi , Shibata Hiroshi , Shinomiya Hirohiko , Nakasono Masahiko , Kishi Fumiko , Komai Keiko , Tatsuki Yayoi , Murashima Toru , Deguchi Yoshihiro , Aramaki Hiroshi , Fukumitsu Hideyuki , Takayama Tetsuji
Published: March 2020

Cell‐free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART) is an effective therapy for refractory ascites. However, CART is difficult to perform as ascites filtration and concentration is a complicated procedure. Moreover, the procedure requires the constant assistance of a clinical engineer or/and the use of an expensive equipment for the multi‐purpose blood processing. Therefore, we developed a CART specialized equipment (mobility CART [M‐CART]) that could be used safely with various safety measures and automatic functions such as automatic washing of clogged filtration filter and self‐regulation of the concentration ratio. Downsizing, lightning of the weight, and automatic processing in M‐CART required the use of newly developed multi‐ring‐type roller pump units. This equipment was approved under Japanese regulations in 2018. In performing 41 sessions of CART (for malignant ascites, 22 sessions; and hepatic ascites, 19 sessions) using this equipment in 17 patients, no serious adverse event occurred. An average of 4494 g of ascites was collected and the total amount of ascites was processed in all the sessions without any trouble. The mean weight of the processed ascites was 560 g and the mean concentration ratio was 8.0. The ascites were processed at a flow rate of 50 mL/min. The mean ascites processing time was 112.5 minutes and a 106.5‐minutes (95.2%) ascites processing was performed automatically. The operator responded to alarms or support information 3.2 times on average (3.1 minutes, 2.1% of ascites processing time). Human errors related to ascites processing were detected by M‐CART at 0.4 times per session on average and were appropriately addressed by the operator. The frequencies of automatic washing of clogged filtration filter and self‐regulation of the concentration ratio were 31.7% and 53.7%, respectively. The mean recovery rates (recovery dose) of protein, albumin, and immunoglobulin G were 72.9%, 72.9%, and 71.2% (65.9 g, 34.9 g, and 13.2 g), respectively. Steroids were administered in 92.7% of the sessions to prevent fever and the mean increase in body temperature was 0.53°C. M‐CART is a compact and lightweight automatic CART specialized equipment that can safely and easily process a large quantity of ascites without the constant assistance of an operator.
Genomic landscape of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma and novel biomarkers for predicting distant metastasis
Authors: Lan Xiabin , Bao Hua , Ge Xinyang , Cao Jun , Fan Xiaojun , Zhang Qihong , Liu Kaihua , Zhang Xian , Tan Zhuo , Zheng Chuanming , Wang Ao , Chen Chao , Zhu Xin , Wang Jiafeng , Xu Jiajie , Zhu Xuhang , Wu Xue , Wang Xiaonan , Shao Yang , Ge Minghua
Published: March 2020

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common malignancy of the thyroid gland, with a relatively high cure rate. Distant metastasis (DM) of PTC is uncommon, but when it occurs, it significantly decreases the survival of PTC patients. The molecular mechanisms of DM in PTC have not been systematically studied. We performed whole exome sequencing and GeneseeqPrime (425 genes) panel sequencing of the primary tumor, plasma and matched white blood cell samples from 20 PTC with DM and 46 PTC without DM. We identified somatic mutations, gene fusions and copy number alterations and analyzed their relationships with DM of PTC. BRAF‐V600E was identified in 73% of PTC, followed by RET fusions (14%) in a mutually exclusive manner (P < 0.0001). We found that gene fusions (RET, ALK or NTRK1) (P < 0.01) and chromosome 22q loss (P < 0.01) were independently associated with DM in both univariate and multivariate analyses. A nomogram model consisting of chromosome 22q loss, gene fusions and three clinical variables was built for predicting DM in PTC (C‐index = 0.89). The plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection rate in PTC was only 38.9%; however, it was significantly associated with the metastatic status (P = 0.04), tumor size (P = 0.001) and invasiveness (P = 0.01). In conclusion, gene fusions and chromosome 22q loss were independently associated with DM in PTC and could serve as molecular biomarkers for predicting DM. The ctDNA detection rate was low in non–DM PTC but significantly higher in PTC with DM.
Tumor microenvironment characterization identifies two lung adenocarcinoma subtypes with specific immune and metabolic state
Authors: Huang Jianbing , Li Jiagen , Zheng Sufei , Lu Zhiliang , Che Yun , Mao Shuangshuang , Lei Yuanyuan , Zang Ruochuan , Liu Chengming , Wang Xinfeng , Fang Lingling , Sun Nan , He Jie
Published: March 2020

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a vital component of tumor tissue. Increasing evidence suggests their significance in predicting outcomes and guiding therapies. However, no studies have reported a systematic analysis of the clinicopathologic significance of TME in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Here, we inferred tumor stromal cells in 1184 LUAD patients using computational algorithms based on bulk tumor expression data, and evaluated the clinicopathologic significance of stromal cells. We found LUAD patients showed heterogeneous abundance in stromal cells. Infiltration of stromal cells was influenced by clinicopathologic features, such as age, gender, smoking, and TNM stage. By clustering stromal cells, we identified 2 clinically and molecularly distinct LUAD subtypes with immune active and immune repressed features. The immune active subtype is characterized by repressed metabolism and repressed proliferation of tumor cells, while the immune repressed subtype is characterized by active metabolism and active proliferation of tumor cells. Differentially expressed gene analysis of the two LUAD subtypes identified an immune activation signature. To diagnose TME subtypes practically, we constructed a TME score using principal component analysis based on the immune activation signature. The TME score predicted TME subtypes effectively in 3 independent datasets with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.960, 0.812, and 0.819, respectively. In conclusion, we proposed 2 clinically and molecularly distinct LUAD subtypes based on tumor microenvironment that could be valuable in predicting clinical outcome and guiding immunotherapy.
Reduced angle sensitivity of structural coloration on an industrial aluminium platform
Authors: Odessey Rachel , Shen Tianyi , Oller Declan , He De , Kim Jin Ho , Xu Jimmy , Pacifici Domenico
Published: March 2020

Existing structural coloration methods using thin films, commonly implemented in high‐purity aluminium, produce colours which are highly dependent on the viewing angle because of the inherent angular dependence of thin film interference. Adapting the thin film coloration mechanism to anodisation of industrial‐quality aluminium alloys, which scatter light more efficiently than their high‐purity counterparts, reduces angle dependence in the colour produced. This reduction of angle dependence, as well as the wide use of anodised aluminium in consumer products, suggests that structural colour based on anodised aluminium could potentially be scaled up for commercial scale production.
Contrasting characters of quick methods to measure respiratory rate in a clinical setting
Authors: Takayama Atsushi , Nagamine Takahiko , Kotani Kazuhiko
Published: March 2020

Introduction

Many medical professionals unofficially use quick methods for saving time. However, the evidence of such assessments is limited. The main aim of this article is verifying the agreement of these methods.

Objectives

Overall, 106 out‐patients were simultaneously evaluated with respect to the respiratory time measurement (RTM; 60 divided by the single respiratory time), 15 seconds period quadruple respiratory rate (15secRR; 15 seconds respiratory rate multiplied by 4), and 1‐min respiratory rate (1minRR; gold standard respiratory rate).

Method

We assessed the correlation, Bland‐Altman plot, kappa value, and normalized root mean square error of the quick methods for the respiratory rate, with 1minRR as the gold standard.

Results

The mean ± SD of 1minRR, RTM, and 15secRR are 20.4 ± 5.6, 19.1 ± 5.7, and 21.4 ± 6.5 breathes per minute, respectively. The correlation between RTM and 1minRR was 0.85 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.79‐0.90), while that between 15secRR and 1minRR was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.74‐0.87). The kappa coefficients between RTM and 1minRR, between 15secRR and 1minRR, and between RTM and 15secRR were 0.57 (95% CI: 0.41‐0.72), 0.59 (95% CI: 0.43‐0.74), and 0.37 (95% CI: 0.20‐0.53), respectively. The normalized root mean square error between RTM and 1minRR was 16.9% and that between 15secRR and 1minRR was 15.0%. The Bland Altman plot demonstrated that RTM and 15secRR showed contrasting characteristics.

Conclusion

Compared to the gold standard, RTM tends to underestimate, while 15secRR tends to overestimate the respiratory rate. Therefore, health care professionals should be aware of this methodological tendency to assess vital signs properly.
Risk, Envy and Magic in the Artisanal Mining Sector of South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Stoop Nik , Verpoorten Marijke
Published: March 2020

Scholars largely agree that witchcraft beliefs in sub‐Saharan Africa remain virulent. The ‘modernity of witchcraft’ is said to thrive on friction between the local moral economy and new socio‐economic realities. This article focuses on the appeal of witchcraft beliefs in the artisanal mining sector of South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo. It argues that the ‘do‐or‐die’, ‘zero‐sum’ and ‘caught‐in‐the‐middle’ context of artisanal mining provides fertile ground for witchcraft beliefs, and underlies the cross‐cultural similarities of such beliefs as documented in the handful of studies on witchcraft in the artisanal mining sector. Whereas previous studies provided a thick description of witchcraft beliefs and practices, this study relies on both qualitative and quantitative data from a sample of 469 artisanal miners in a mining town in South Kivu. The analysis confirms the ‘modernity of witchcraft’ thesis, but also nuances it, and provides further insight into the ‘rationale’ of witchcraft beliefs and accusations in the context of artisanal mining.
The importance of biotic filtering on boreal conifer recruitment at alpine treeline
Authors: Crofts Anna L. , Brown Carissa D.
Published: March 2020

Treeline, the ecotone where forest transitions to alpine or tundra ecosystems, is considered the thermal limit to tree growth and survival. Despite temperature increases across mountainous areas and high latitudes globally, there has been no ubiquitous change in treeline position. The process of range expansion must initially depend on increased recruitment at, or beyond current range limits and recruitment limitations have been hypothesized as a mechanism for the variable response of treeline position to climate warming. We conducted a unique series of observational and experimental studies to quantify early‐life stage constraints, from seed production to seedling establishment, on black sprucePicea marianaand tamarackLarix laricinarecruitment at a model alpine treeline in Newfoundland, Canada. We found recruitment at treeline to be simultaneously seed and establishment limited. The treeline population produced fewer seeds than the forest population and black spruce seeds produced at treeline were less viable. Tamarack was more seed limited than black spruce where seed viability was low regardless of altitudinal position. Post‐dispersal seed predation greatly constrained recruitment across the altitudinal gradient; however, black spruce seeds experienced the lowest levels of invertebrate seed predation on the lichen mat at treeline. If seeds were not consumed, individuals at treeline were establishment limited where germination and seedling establishment was both less abundant and delayed on lichen substrate. Our study highlights the need for multiple factors to align temporally for significant recruitment at treeline to occur.
Appropriating and asserting power on inflammatory arthritis teams: A social network perspective
Authors: Hartford Wendy , Backman Catherine , Li Linda C. , McKinnon Annette , Nimmon Laura
Published: March 2020

Background

Therapeutic interventions for people with inflammatory arthritis (IA) increasingly involve multidisciplinary teams and strive to foster patient‐centred care and shared decision making. Participation in health‐care decisions requires patients to assert themselves and negotiate power in encounters with clinicians; however, clinical contexts often afford less authority for patients than clinicians. This disadvantage may inhibit patients' involvement in their own health care.

Objective

To identify communication attributes, IA patients use to influence and negotiate their treatment with members of their health‐care network.

Method

A qualitative social network approach was used to analyse data from a larger study that investigated IA patients' overall experiences of multidisciplinary care. Fourteen patients with IA attended individual semi‐structured interviews. Researchers used thematic analysis to identify patterns of assertiveness and influence in the data.

Results

Participants experienced loss of identity, control and agency in addition to the physical symptoms of IA. However, they had a sense of personal responsibility for managing their health care. Perceptions of health‐care team support enhanced patients' influence in treatment negotiations. Notably, there appeared to be an underlying tension between being empowered or disempowered.

Discussion and conclusions

The findings have significant implications for treatment decision communication approaches to IA care. A social network perspective may provide a pathway for clinicians to better understand the complexities of communication with their patients. This approach may reduce unequal power dynamics that occur within clinician/patient interactions and afford people with IA agency, control and affirmation of identity within their health‐care network.
THE PUZZLE OF THE BANQUET HALL OF THE DUKES: THE PROFESSIONALIZATION OF SWEDISH HISTORICAL RESEARCH STUDIED THROUGH LUDWIK FLECK'S “THOUGHT COLLECTIVE” AND “THOUGHT STYLE”
Authors: HARLITZ‐KERN ERIKA
Published: March 2020

In 1312, the Swedish dukes Erik and Valdemar Magnusson married the Norwegian princesses Ingeborg Haakonsdaughter and Ingeborg Eriksdaughter at a ceremony in Oslo, Norway. In 1313, the two couples were reunited at a purpose‐built banquet hall, believed to have been located in the medieval Swedish town of Lödöse. The main source of information concerning these events is the Swedish medieval rhyme chronicle The Chronicle of Duke Erik. However, a closer reading of the chronicle reveals that Lödöse is never mentioned in relation to the banquet hall. The article discusses the passing down of knowledge through generations of the same professional collective, in this case the professional collective of Swedish historians during the twentieth century, and demonstrates how the validity of once‐established prescientific knowledge persists. To achieve its goal, the article applies Ludwik Fleck's terms “thought collective,” “thought style,” and “tenacity in science,” as well as Thomas Kuhn's concept of the “paradigm,” to a historiographical case study of how the proto‐idea of the banquet hall being located at Lödöse has survived to become an established scientific fact. The location of the banquet hall concerns but a minor detail in the turbulent political situation of the Swedish kingdom during the first decades of the fourteenth century. However, the continuing reiteration of this minor detail is evidence of a larger phenomenon, namely how contemporary historical research is influenced by scholars in the prescientific past.
OF BOUNDARIES, PLACES, AND SITUATIONS
Authors: ETHINGTON PHILIP J.
Published: March 2020

Thomas F. Gieryn's Truth‐Spots: How Places Make Us Believe presents eight case studies to support his historical‐sociological thesis that “Places … have agency and exert a force of their own on the direction and pace of knowledge and belief” (18). Gieryn adds a new angle to a century‐old discourse on the social construction of truth: the emplacement of credibility in narrated material locations. Throughout his career, Gieryn has contributed extensively to the spatial and placeful analysis of knowledge and social power: from advancing the concept of discursive “boundary‐work” in the 1980s, to a refined method of “cultural cartography” in the 1990s, and in the twenty‐first century, toward investigations of places: defined as meaning‐enriched material locations. He has now advanced “truth‐spots” as a type of place that credibilizes truth‐claims. This essay reviews the key concepts in the career of this historical sociologist of scientific knowledge, through a mapping of Gieryn's own trajectory within the arc of a long pragmatist tradition in US social science. I shall use Gieryn's own case studies to test two key claims in his account of how place operates in the social‐cultural construction of belief: (1) The model of “place” that Gieryn proposed in 2000, and has used consistently ever since (termed here a “Gieryn‐place”), and (2) Gieryn's claim that features of “truth‐spots” exhibit an observably independent (“agentic”) effect on the credibility of claims made there. I argue that both Gieryn‐places and truth‐spots suffer from incomplete specification of the ways in which people attach meanings to locations; of the boundaries of places; and of the sites of conscious encounter with places. They suffer also from his own boundary‐work to exclude imaginary, cultural, and virtual spaces from his conception of place. This essay argues that a credible account of how place operates in/as history will require a focus on situation and situatedness, drawing on the pragmatist tradition of the Thomas Theorem. The concept of situation completes the circuit between meaning‐production and the attachment of meaning to places and opens a gate for historical investigation, across the boundary between imagined, virtual, and conceptual spaces, and lived, material embodied places.
A MOST MODERN SUBJECT: THE DISCIPLINE OF HISTORY AND THE FASHIONING OF NATIONALIST AND OTHER MODERN SUBJECTIVITIES
Authors: Gottschalk Peter
Published: March 2020

This book takes an ethnographic approach to its topic by endeavoring to observe how social and disciplinary subjects shaped by modernity go on to constitute modern worlds. Specifically, it attempts to “explore modernity as a contradictory and checkered historical‐cultural entity and category as well as a contingent and contended process and condition” (1). Most of the subjects considered are intellectuals and academic disciplines (specifically history and anthropology), although the argument occasionally focuses on artists as well. The book particularly recognizes and analyzes the ambiguities, ambivalences, and contradictions generated within modernity not as mistakes or gaps like so many potholes to be fixed over time, but as constitutive of the modern landscape itself. This accepting acknowledgment, in turn, stands central to the book's endeavor to resist the teleological paradigms inherent in many modern metaphors regarding roads that must be traveled to move from what is backward to what is forward, from a superseded past to a promising future. Central to the volume—and its most original contribution—are various deliberations on the productions of time and space by various subjects. To be clear, by “time” the book means history and temporality whereas “space” suggests tradition and culture. It resists the naturalization of modern constructs such as secularized time and cultural traditions, and forces them under an analytic lens. Critical to these investigations is Saurabh Dube's appropriately insistent claim that these temporal and spatial regimes can exist in tandem and coevally, even when they are seemingly in contradiction.

Among other outcomes, the volume prompts further reflection on the manner in which historiography plays a role in the formation of nationalist and modern subjectivities among nonhistorians. This essay seeks to think through the history of history as a discipline emerging during the coalescence of a hegemonic European episteme and the emergence of a popularly embraced scientism. Despite its roots in Europe long preceding modernity and its parallels in South Asia preceding British rule, history underwent a transformation when inflected through European modernity, especially the influence of empirical science paradigms. Although its emergence as a discipline promoted and employed by both the empire and the nation‐state created professional historians, an expanding public sphere has meant that research into its role in fashioning modern subjectivities (including nationalist ones) must consider its reshaping and redeployment by those resisting European‐originated modernity and promoting alternative modernities.
Integrating corpus‐based audio description tasks into an intermediate‐level German course
Authors: Schaeffer‐Lacroix Eva
Published: March 2020

This paper presents a method for designing corpus exploration tasks and integrating them into an intermediate‐level German course during which learners collectively produce the audio description (AD) of a film trailer. ADs are additional soundtracks that inform blind people about the visual events that are considered necessary to understand a film. The Audiodeskription corpus, available on Sketch Engine, contains the AD scripts produced for two German television series. Exploring such a corpus to (re)write an AD script is an activity that is likely to foster language awareness of features of linguistic items needed for describing spatial events and visual perceptions. The tasks designed tackle learning issues identified during the course implemented at the teacher training department, Sorbonne University.
Interplay between Socioeconomic Markers and Polygenic Predisposition on Timing of Dementia Diagnosis
Authors: Ajnakina Olesya , Cadar Dorina , Steptoe Andrew
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVES

Identifying the interplay between socioeconomic markers (education and financial resources) and polygenetic predisposition influencing the time of dementia and the diagnosis of clinical Alzheimerʼs disease (AD) dementia is of central relevance for preventive strategies.

DESIGN

Prospective cohort design.

SETTING

The English Longitudinal Study of Aging is a household survey data set of a representative sample.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 7,039 individuals aged 50 years and older participated in the study. Of these, 320 (4.6%) were diagnosed with dementia over the 10‐year follow‐up.

MEASUREMENTS

Polygenic score (PGS) for Alzheimerʼs disease (AD‐PGS) was calculated using summary statistics from the International Genomics of Alzheimerʼs Project. An accelerated failure time survival model was used to investigate interactions between AD‐PGS and socioeconomic markers on the timing of dementia and clinical AD dementia diagnosis.

RESULTS

A one standard deviation increase in AD‐PGS was associated with an accelerated time to dementia diagnosis by 4.8 months. The presence of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE‐ε4) was associated with an earlier dementia onset by approximately 24.9 months, whereas intermediate and low levels of wealth were associated with an accelerated time to dementia diagnosis by 12.0 months and 18.7 months, respectively. A multiplicative interaction between AD‐PGS and years of completed schooling in decelerating the time to clinical AD dementia by 3.0 months suggests educational attainment may serve as a protective mechanism against AD diagnosis among older people with a higher polygenic risk. Interaction between AD‐PGS and lower wealth accelerated the time to clinical AD dementia diagnosis by 21.1 to 24.1 months.

CONCLUSION

Socioeconomic markers influence the time to dementia and clinical AD dementia diagnosis, particularly in those with a higher polygenic predisposition. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1529‐1536, 2020.
Correlations between sebaceous glands activity and porphyrins in the oily skin and hair and immediate effects of dermocosmetic formulations
Authors: Gabarra Almeida Leite Marcella , Maia Campos Patricia M. B. G.
Published: March 2020

Background

Oily skin and hair not only contain a large amount of sebum, but also exhibit other changes that compromise their physiology. The immediate effects of dermocosmetics are very important for adhesion to treatment.

Aim

The aim of the present study was to characterize oily skin and scalp, to evaluate the correlation of sebum production with porphyrin counts and the immediate effects of topical formulations for sebum control.

Patients/Methods

A total of 100 women aged 18‐49 years were recruited. Sebaceous gland activity, sebum amount, stratum corneum water content (SCWC) transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin gloss, amount of porphyrins and pores were determined in the face and SCWC, sebum amount, porphyrin count, and TEWL were also determined in the scalp. The immediate effects of formulations containing a guarana extract were determined after 2 hours of application.

Results

A correlation between sebaceous gland activity and presence of porphyrins in the frontal region of the face was detected. Low gloss values and large amounts of pores in the malar region were related to lower skin uniformity. High sebum values and low SCWC and porphyrin count were also observed in the vertex region. The studied formulations reduced the sebum content of face and scalp after 2 hours of application.

Conclusion

Oily skin and hair showed high sebum values, which were correlated with porphyrin count and with the activity of sebaceous glands. Finally, the studied formulations had immediate reducing effects on sebum amounts on the skin and scalp.
From the beginning to the present state of molecular microbial pathogenesis—A tribute to Pascale Cossart
Authors: Goebel Werner
Published: March 2020

The universe of Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis is filled with many female and male stars. But there are two particularly bright shining supernovae‐like stars: the late Stanley Falkow and the very lively and creative Pascale Cossart. These two outstanding luminaries, surrounded by numerous planets, do not only belong to different scientific generations but their splendor also comes from very different scientific concepts. Stanley Falkow, often referred to as the ‘Father of Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis’, made many groundbreaking contributions to this field by addressing almost all important bacterial pathogens. Pascale Cossart, who could be called in analogy the ‘Queen of Modern Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis’ by combining the Microbiology and Cell Biology, concentrates in her similarly impressive scientific work essentially on a single bacterial species which she studied and still studies in great depth: the facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes—and the vast majority of her most prominent publications deals with this pathogen in almost all facets. It is certainly not an exaggeration to say that she together with her co‐workers and collaborators developed this model bacterium into a paradigm among the intracellular bacterial pathogens.
The impact of the ancillary pilus‐1 protein RrgA of Streptococcus pneumoniae on colonization and disease
Authors: Iovino Federico , Nannapaneni Priyanka , Henriques‐Normark Birgitta , Normark Staffan
Published: March 2020

The Gram‐positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, the pneumococcus, is an important commensal resident of the human nasopharynx. Carriage is usually asymptomatic, however, S. pneumoniae can become invasive and spread from the upper respiratory tract to the lungs causing pneumonia, and to other organs to cause severe diseases such as bacteremia and meningitis. Several pneumococcal proteins important for its disease‐causing capability have been described and many are expressed on the bacterial surface. The surface located pneumococcal type‐1 pilus has been associated with virulence and the inflammatory response, and it is present in 20%–30% of clinical isolates. Its tip protein RrgA has been shown to be a major adhesin to human cells and to promote invasion through the blood‐brain barrier. In this review we discuss recent findings of the impact of RrgA on bacterial colonization of the upper respiratory tract and on pneumococcal virulence, and use epidemiological data and genome‐mining to suggest trade‐off mechanisms potentially explaining the rather low prevalence of pilus‐1 expressing pneumococci in humans.
Assessment of attitude of parents towards adolescents with Internet gaming disorder
Authors: Bulanik Koc Esra , Karacetin Gul , Mutlu Caner , Onal Bedia Sultan , Ciftci Arzu , Ercan Oya
Published: March 2020

Background

The determination of the protective and risk factors associated with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is among the most important pathways to the development of prevention strategies for IGD. Previous research has shown that familial factors are associated with IGD. In our study, we aimed to assess the parental attitude of adolescents with IGD and investigate psychiatric comorbidity.

Methods

We assessed family structure, family relationship, parental attitude (in a bi‐directional assessment), and psychiatric comorbidity in 50 adolescents aged 12–18 years who meet DSM‐5 criteria for IGD in comparison with the control group. Parental attitudes were assessed with the Parental Attitude Research Instrument (filled by the mother) and the Parenting Style Inventory (filled by adolescents).

Results

Our findings suggest that according to mothers’ opinions there were no significant differences in the subscale scores between the IGD group and the control group. On the other hand, acceptance‐involvement and psychological autonomy subscale scores of the PSI filled by adolescents were found to be significantly lower in the IGD group. Limit setting in areas other than the Internet was significantly lower in the IGD group. High rates of psychiatric comorbidity were also found in adolescents with IGD.

Conclusions

Our study identified that adolescents with IGD perceived their parents “cared less about them” and “minded less on their autonomy” compared with the control group. Our survey demonstrated that parental attitudes may be among the risk factors for IGD and the presence of psychiatric comorbidity may affect the management of IGD.
An approach to design a wristwatch for the protection of the human skin damage induced by ultraviolet and infrared radiations
Authors: Ali Syed Mehmood , Ali Uzma
Published: March 2020

Background

Ultraviolet radiations (UV) absorbed by the skin can drive photochemical reactions which range from sunburn to skin cancer. The repeated exposure to Infrared radiations (IR) induces the heat into the skin, which causes dehydration and erythema as an immediate effect. This heat activates the metalloproteinase enzyme that reduces the number of procollagen and collagen fibers in the dermal skin, which results premature skin aging. This work aims to design a protective measure in order to avoid these damages.

Method

The proposed protective measure is a wristwatch with an alert alarm which can sense UV and IR radiations. Whenever UV/IR radiation levels exceed beyond the defined limits, alarm will be activated that warns the user to apply protective measures. These radiations are detected by SI1145 digital UV Index/IR/visible light sensor and assigned, using Arduino, to an appropriate UV index and IR radiation levels.

Results

The IR and UV readings were recorded several times and at four different hours through the day. The readings showed its highest value at 10 am and 2 pm, which are considered the highest sun intensity. The other readings were at 6 am and 5 pm and considered the least dangerous hours.

Conclusion

The data collected from the sensor are used to program the alarm. To combine all components, a PCB and a prototype were designed and printed. The UV/IR wristwatch is applicable to alert the user from the continuous and accumulated harmful effects of the radiations and enable them to seek protective measures.
Neutrophil extracellular traps and MPO in models of susceptibility and resistance against Entamoeba histolytica
Authors: Contis Montes de Oca Arturo , Cruz Baquero Andrea , Campos Rodríguez Rafael , Cárdenas Jaramillo Luz María , Aguayo Flores José Eduardo , Rojas Hernández Saúl , Olivos García Alfonso , Pacheco Yepez Judith
Published: March 2020

The main effector mechanisms of neutrophils are the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). In this work, we evaluated the role of NETs and the activity of MPO in the interactions of rodent neutrophils with amoebae and in amoebic liver abscess (ALA)‐resistant and ALA‐susceptible models. We showed with in vitro assays that mice produced greater amounts of NETs and MPO than did hamsters, and the elastase activity was high in both models. However, the inhibition of NETs and MPO promoted an increase in amoeba viability in the mice. The mouse ALAs showed a more profound presence of NETs and MPO than did the hamster ALAs. We concluded that both effector mechanisms were essential for the amoebic damage and could prevent the formation of ALAs in the resistant model.