bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface‐Modified Phthalocyanine‐Based Two‐Dimensional Conjugated Metal–Organic Framework Films for Polarity‐Selective Chemiresistive Sensing
Authors: Wang Mingchao , Zhang Zhe , Zhong Haixia , Huang Xing , Li Wei , Hambsch Mike , Zhang Panpan , Wang Zhiyong , St. Petkov Petko , Heine Thomas , Mannsfeld Stefan C. B. , Feng Xinliang , Dong Renhao
Published: May 2021

2D conjugated metal–organic frameworks (2D c‐MOFs) are emerging as electroactive materials for chemiresistive sensors, but selective sensing with fast response/recovery is a challenge. Phthalocyanine‐based Ni2[MPc(NH)8] 2D c‐MOF films are presented as active layers for polarity‐selective chemiresisitors toward water and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Surface‐hydrophobic modification by grafting aliphatic alkyl chains on 2D c‐MOF films decreases diffused analytes into the MOF backbone, resulting in a considerably accelerated recovery progress (from ca. 50 to ca. 10 s) during humidity sensing. Toward VOCs, the sensors deliver a polarity‐selective response among alcohols but no signal for low‐polarity aprotic hydrocarbons. The octadecyltrimethoxysilane‐modified Ni2[MPc(NH)8] based sensor displays high‐performance methanol sensing with fast response (36 s)/recovery (13 s) and a detection limit as low as 10 ppm, surpassing reported room‐temperature chemiresistors.
Withdrawal: Asymmetric Alkenyl Catellani Reaction for the Construction of C−N Axial Chirality
Authors: Wu Chenggui , Liu Ze‐Shui , Shang Yong , Liu Chang , Deng Shuang , Cheng Hong‐Gang , Cong Hengjiang , Jiao Yinchun , Zhou Qianghui
Published: May 2021

The Accepted Article version of the above article, published online on 25 May 2021 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been withdrawn by agreement between the corresponding author, the journal′s Executive Committee, and Wiley‐VCH GmbH, Weinheim. The withdrawal has been agreed upon due to significant conceptual similarities with another of the authors' recently published articles, which was not disclosed during the peer review process.
Synthesis and anticancer activity of ethyl 5‐amino‐1‐N‐substituted‐imidazole‐4‐carboxylate building blocks
Authors: Ruzi Zukela , Nie Lifei , Bozorov Khurshed , Zhao Jiangyu , Aisa Haji A.
Published: May 2021

A series of 5‐amino‐1‐N‐substituted‐imidazole‐4‐carboxylate building blocks was synthesized and assayed for their antiproliferative potential against human cancer cell lines, including HeLa (cervical), HT‐29, HCT‐15 (colon), A549 (lung), and MDA‐MB‐231 (breast) cells. The preliminary screening results revealed that several derivatives containing alkyl chains at the N‐1 position of the imidazole core demonstrate a certain inhibitory effect on growth and proliferation. A significant effect was observed following ethyl 5‐amino‐1‐dodecyl‐1H‐imidazole‐4‐carboxylate (5e) treatment for 72 h. The IC50 value for HeLa cells was 0.737 ± 0.05 μM, whereas that for HT‐29 cells was 1.194 ± 0.02 μM. Further investigations revealed that 5e significantly inhibited tumor cell colony formation and migration, and it exhibited antiadhesive effects on HeLa cells as well as antitubulin activity along with the induction of early apoptosis of HeLa and HT‐29 cells. In addition, derivative 5e significantly reduced the cell mitochondrial membrane potential in a dose‐dependent manner and induced early apoptosis of HeLa and HT‐29 cells, indicating that 5e may serve as a lead compound for further drug discovery and development.
Cetuximab combined with paclitaxel or paclitaxel alone for patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progressing after EXTREME
Authors: Chevalier Thomas , Daste Amaury , Saada‐Bouzid Esmaa , Loundou Anderson , Peyraud Florent , Lambert Tiphaine , Le Tourneau Christophe , Peyrade Frédéric , Dupuis Charlotte , Alfonsi Marc , Fayette Jérôme , Reure Juliette , Huguet Florence , Fakhry Nicolas , Toullec Clémence , Salas Sébastien
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Prognosis of recurrent or metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains poor. The addition of cetuximab, to platinum and fluorouracil chemotherapy (EXTREME regimen) has been shown to improve patients’ outcomes in first‐line settings.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective, multicenter study, including HNSCC that progressed after a first line of platinum‐based chemotherapy and cetuximab, treated either by paclitaxel + cetuximab (PC) or paclitaxel alone (P), between January 2010 and April 2018. The end points were overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall response rates (ORR). Patients were matched according to their propensity scores, estimated with a logistic regression model. The secondary objectives were to study the safety profile and to look for prognostic and predictive factors of effectiveness.

RESULTS

Of the 340 identified patients, 262 were included in the analysis, 165 received PC, and 97 received P. In unmatched population, ORR was 16.4% with PC and 6.2% for P. Median PFS was 2.9 months [95% Confidence Interval 2.7–3.0] for PC versus 2.5 months [2.2–2.7] for P, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.770 [0.596–0.996]. Median OS was 5.5 months [4.4–6.9] for PC versus 4.2 months [3.4–4.8] for P, HR = 0.774 [0.590–1.015]. In multivariate analysis, PC was associated with better PFS and OS. These results were consistent in matched‐paired population. Previous cetuximab maintenance for more than 3 months was predictive of better OS with PC.

CONCLUSION

Although the continuation of cetuximab in combination with paclitaxel after EXTREME provides moderate benefit, it could be an interesting option for selected patients.
Interactive multi‐character motion retargeting
Authors: Kim Jongmin , Seol Yeongho , Kwon Taesoo
Published: May 2021

A motion retargeting process is necessary as the body size and proportion of the actors are generally different from those of the target characters. However, the original spatial relationship between the multiple characters and the environment is easily broken when using previous motion retargeting methods, which are generally performed for each character independently. Therefore, time‐consuming manual adjustments by animators are usually required to obtain satisfactory results. To address these issues, we present a novel multicharacter motion retargeting method that preserves various types of spatial relationships between characters and environments. We establish a unified deformation‐based framework for the motion retargeting of multiple characters (more than two) or nonhuman characters with complex interactions. Also, an interactive motion editing interface with immediate feedback to the user is provided. We experimentally show that our method achieves a speedup when compared with previous motion retargeting methods.
Rare association of trisomy 13 with ectrodactyly and congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Al Rawi Wafaa N. , Al‐Safi Wala'a , Abuobayda Ashraf N. , Elmansoury Nabil S. , Lonikar Abhijeet S. , Alshorman Anas , Maldar Hasansaheb D.
Published: May 2021

Our findings expand the known clinical features of trisomy 13 by including ectrodactyly as a possible Trisomy 13‐associated limb malformation. We highlight the importance of performing antenatal genetic test to establish more specific treatment plan.
Preparation and Characterization of Potassium Superoxide Particles as Chemical Air Revitalization Component
Authors: Shokouhian Rahil , Hosseini Seyed Ghorban , Fathollahi Manoochehr , Motamedalshariaty Seyed Hadi
Published: May 2021

Potassium superoxide (KO2) particles as the main air revitalization component were prepared by electrohydrodynamic (EHD), spray drying, and drum drying methods. Morphology and crystallinity of the prepared samples were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction techniques. The results indicate that all obtained samples crystallized in tetragonal form and the ones obtained by the EHD method have the most uniform and higher degree of crystallinity. An accelerating aging technique was employed to determine the decomposition kinetic parameters (activation energy Ea, pre‐exponential factor A, and decomposition reaction model) and chemical lifetime of the obtained particles. KO2 particles obtained by the EHD method showed the highest stability and shelf‐life of all investigated samples.
Tetrasubstituted Peropyrenes Formed by Reductive Aromatization: Synthesis, Functionalization and Characterization
Authors: Werner Simon , Vollgraff Tobias , Sundermeyer Jörg
Published: May 2021

The chromophore class of 1,3,8,10‐tetrasubstituted peropyrenes was effectively synthesized from peropyrenequinone via a Zn‐mediated reductive aromatization approach. In one step, a symmetric functionalization of the peropyrene backbone introducing silylethers (2,3), pivaloyl (4), triflyl (5) and also phosphinite (6) groups was established. Furthermore, the potential of using4and5in transition metal catalysed cross couplings was explored leading to 1,3,8,10‐tetraaryl (8‐11) and tetraalkynyl (7) peropyrenes. The influence of various substituents on the optoelectronic properties of these π‐system extended peropyrenes was investigated in solid state by means of X‐ray crystallography, in solution by means of UV‐Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and by their redox properties studied via cyclic voltammetry. By comparison with DFT and TD‐DFT calculations, it could be elucidated that introduction of a broad variety of substituents in such versatile one or two step procedures leads to peropyrenes with easily tunable HOMO and LUMO energies ranging in a gap window of 0.8 eV. The frontier molecular orbital energies identify the target molecules as promising candidates for hole transporting semiconductors.
Stabilization of Bicontinuous Cubic Phase and Its Two‐Sided Nature Produced by Use of Siloxane Tails and Introduction of Molecular Nonsymmetry
Authors: Kutsumizu Shoichi , Kawafuchi Akane , Yamamura Yasuhisa , Udagawa Taro , Otaki Takashi , Masuda Masaki , Miwa Yohei , Saito Kazuya
Published: May 2021

A recent intriguing finding that a helical network arrangement forms the bicontinuous cubic phase is attracting great attention for the possibility of new routes to asymmetric synthesis by achiral molecules. However, the design of the molecular structure for the cubic phase is still unrevealed. In this work, a nonsymmetric core molecule with larger naphthalene and smaller benzene moieties at each side of the central linkage and the same disiloxanyldecyloxy terminal at both terminals is shown to be the first example of molecule forming both single‐layered and double‐layered core assembly modes in the Ia3d phase as a single molecule system. The molecule forms the former mode at high temperatures as a thermodynamically stable phase, similarly to the symmetric naphthalene core system, whereas, on cooling below a temperature (∼350 K), a metastable Ia3d phase forms a double‐layered core state down to room temperature, which is common to the benzene core system. As another effect of the nonsymmetric core, the cubic phase is maintained at room temperature for more than 100 days with slight distortion. Infrared spectral studies and quantum chemical calculations suggested the easy transformation between the two core assembly modes. The core nonsymmetry can be a versatile fine‐tuning of the core assembly mode and phase stability for the cubic phase molecules.
β‐Actin Peptide‐Based Inhibitors of Histidine Methyltransferase SETD3
Authors: Hintzen Jordi C. J. , Moesgaard Laust , Kwiatkowski Sebastian , Drozak Jakub , Kongsted Jacob , Mecinović Jasmin
Published: May 2021

SETD3 was recently identified as the histidine methyltransferase responsible for N3‐methylation of His73 of β‐actin in humans. Overexpression of SETD3 is associated with several diseases, including breast cancer. Here, we report a development of actin‐based peptidomimetics as inhibitors of recombinantly expressed human SETD3. Substitution of His73 by simple natural and unnatural amino acids led to selected β‐actin peptides with high potency against SETD3 in MALDI‐TOF MS assays. The selenomethionine‐containing β‐actin peptide was found to be the most potent SETD3 inhibitor (IC50=161 nM). Supporting our inhibition assays, a combination of computational docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the His73 binding pocket for β‐actin in SETD3 is rigid and accommodates the inhibitor peptides with similar binding modes. Collectively, our work demonstrates that actin‐based peptidomimetics can act as potent SETD3 inhibitors and provide a basis for further development of highly potent and selective inhibitors of SETD3.
Anisotropic Growth of Silver Dendrites Regulated by Preferential Adsorption of Nitrate Ions on Crystal Facets
Authors: Huang Haoyang , Dou Xiangyu , Han Yongsheng
Published: May 2021

Dendritic structures are widely present in nature, from snowflakes to dendritic cells. However, their formation mechanisms are unclear, which causes long unsolved engineering problems, such as lithium dendrites. Here a strategy to control the growth of dendritic structures by the selective adsorption of ions on crystal facets is reported. Silver particles are synthesized by galvanic replacement reaction and the growth anisotropy of crystals is regulated by changing the concentration of nitrate ions in silver nitrate precursor solution. At a low concentration of nitrate ions, messy branching particles are synthesized while symmetric dendrites are generated at a high concentration of nitrate ions. Molecular dynamics simulation suggests that the selective adsorption of abundant nitrate ions on low‐energy facets promotes the prior growth of the high‐energy facets, resulting in the symmetric dendritic structures. When the potassium nitrate is changed to sodium nitrate, similar phenomena are obtained, confirming the role of selective adsorption of additives in regulating the growth anisotropy of crystals.
Hidden fractions: Another look at micronutrient and sodium partitioning in modern cotton cultivars
Authors: Pabuayon Irish Lorraine B. , Lewis Katie L. , Ritchie Glen L.
Published: May 2021

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) productivity and nutritional status depend on the uptake and allocation of both macro‐ and micronutrients. Micronutrient deficiencies or toxicities reduce yields and must be corrected to achieve optimal yields. There is evidence that macronutrient uptake and partitioning have changed in modern cultivars, and it is therefore important to know whether a similar change has occurred with micronutrient uptake or partitioning. Total uptake and partitioning of essential micronutrients (boron, B; iron, Fe; manganese, Mn; zinc, Zn; and copper, Cu) and of sodium (Na) in different tissues of modern cultivars (FiberMax 958, FM 958; and Deltapine 1646, DP 1646) and a 1990s cultivar (Paymaster HS26, PM HS26) were determined in 2018 and 2019 at New Deal, TX. These were compared to results obtained in studies conducted 30 yr ago. The total seasonal uptake of Cu and Zn increased, whereas the total seasonal uptake of Fe and Mn decreased in modern cultivars. Newer cultivars FM 958 and DP 1646 partitioned greater percentage of Zn and Cu to the developing bolls compared to PM HS26. Iron and Mn were mostly retained in the leaves throughout the crop's life cycle. Sodium accumulated in nonphotosynthetic tissues likely as a salt‐tolerance mechanism of cotton. However, when Na availability is far more than required for normal plant growth, Na is redistributed and accumulated into transpiring leaves. This study offers additional insights for making effective fertilizer management decisions for newer cultivars and possible problems due to excess trace elements in the soil and irrigation supply.
Sheath fluid impacts the depletion of cellular metabolites in cells afflicted by sorting induced cellular stress (SICS)
Authors: Ryan Kamilah , Rose Rebecca E. , Jones Drew R. , Lopez Peter A.
Published: May 2021

Flow cytometrists have long observed a spectrum of cell‐type‐specific changes ranging from minor functional defects to outright cell destruction after purification of cells using conventional droplet cell sorters. We have described this spectrum of cell perturbations as sorter induced cellular stress, or SICS (Lopez and Hulspas, Cytometry, 2020, 97, 105–106). Despite the potential impact of this issue and ubiquitous anecdotes, little has been reported about this phenomenon in the literature, and the underlying mechanism has been elusive. Inspired by others' observations (Llufrio et al., Redox Biology, 2018, 16, 381–387 and Binek et al., Journal of Proteome Research, 2019, 18, 169–181), we set out to examine SICS at the metabolic level and use this information to propose a working model. Using representative suspension (Jurkat) and adherent (NIH/3T3) cell lines we observed broad and consistent metabolic perturbations after sorting using a high‐speed droplet cell sorter. Our results suggest that the SICS metabolic phenotype is a common cell‐type‐independent manifestation and may be the harbinger of a wide‐range of functional defects either directly related to metabolism, or cell stress response pathways. We further demonstrate a proof of concept that a modification to the fluidic environment (complete media used as sheath fluid) in a droplet cell sorter can largely rescue the intracellular markers of SICS, and that this rescue is not due to a contribution of metabolites found in media. Future studies will focus on characterizing the potential electro‐physical mechanisms inherent to the droplet cell sorting process to determine the major contributors to the SICS mechanism.
Retracted: Soil monitoring and evaluation system using EDL‐ASQE: Enhanced deep learning model for IoT smart agriculture network
Authors: Sumathi P , Subramanian R , Karthikeyan VV , Karthik S
Published: May 2021

The enormous growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) network provides abundant support to agriculture and development, which states the future scope of IoT‐based agriculture. In a recent scenario, agriculture IoT can be integrated with sensors, communication protocols, and microcontrollers for automated process executions to increase productivity. Moreover, deep learning effectiveness produces appropriate results and solves several real‐time issues related to agriculture‐based advancements. The proposed system presents the design of an IoT network communication system to estimate the soil conditions. Soil quality is an important factor in modernized agriculture, productivity enhancement, and hydrological cycles. By the soil quality analysis, the accurate prediction is very significant for sensible usage of resources. An enhanced deep learning model for IoT network‐based automated soil quality evaluation observes the complex soil features and meteorological factors with those concerns. Here, the real‐time samples are collected from the local area sensor network for analysis. The deep learning model is developed with big data fitting ability for soil quality prediction. The weight factors (W.F.) are derived for measuring the soil quality accurately. The proposed IoT network‐based agriculture structure allows a flexible approach to different types of crops and implementation in agricultural areas. Experimental results obtained in the laboratory and onsite confirmed the performance and reliability of the system. The result evaluations are carried out based on precision, accuracy, and processing time, and results show that the model achieves better results than compared models.
Design of optimized compressed sensing routing protocol for wireless multimedia sensor networks
Authors: Ramesh Soundarajan , Yaashuwanth Calpakkam , Prathibanandhi Kanagaraj
Published: May 2021

Wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs), with its exceptional properties, have found a sturdy and steady spot in automation and surveillance applications. The WMSN had made a massive drift of concentration from the wireless sensor networks with its capability of retrieving multimedia files through multimedia devices. The huge capacity data transfer through the multimedia sensors drain the power capacity of the sensors and is considered to be the vital challenge of the WMSNs. The challenges associated with the WMSNs are the restrictions in resources, connectivity, and security and maintaining a good level of quality of service (QoS). This paper proposes a novel protocol, optimized compressed sensing routing protocol (OCSRP), that performs the routing of multimedia data in a highly efficient manner through which the aforementioned research challenges like resource restrictions and QoS can be addressed. In addition, the security methods were incorporated in routing mechanism, and the results were compared with the existing LEACH algorithm. The quantitative analysis proves that the proposed model possesses high level of QoS with high level of security than the existing security algorithms.
Liposuction‐principles, techniques, outcomes
Authors: Venkataram Jayashree , Mysore Venkataram
Published: May 2021

Liposuction is a method of removing unwanted fat through small holes in skin. Tumescent liposuction is a method in which liposuction is performed entirely under local anaesthesia, without any additional intravenous or general anaesthesia. In this method, higher doses of lidocaine are used, often 45 mg/kg, in a highly diluted form in saline along with epinephrine for vasoconstriction. Usually, around 5–6 L of fat is aspirated. This method has been remarkably safe and effective. Powered liposuction, laser liposuction, ultrasound and radiofrequency liposuctions use devices to enhance the efficacy of manual tumescent liposuction. The method has stood the test of time, in both effective and safe outcomes
A morphological trait involved in reproductive isolation between Drosophila sister species is sensitive to temperature
Authors: Peluffo Alexandre E. , Hamdani Mehdi , Vargas‐Valderrama Alejandra , David Jean R. , Mallard François , Graner François , Courtier‐Orgogozo Virginie
Published: May 2021

Male genitalia are usually extremely divergent between closely related species, but relatively constant within one species. Here we examine the effect of temperature on the shape of the ventral branches, a male genital structure involved in reproductive isolation, in the sister species Drosophila santomea and Drosophila yakuba. We designed a semi‐automatic measurement machine learning pipeline that can reliably identify curvatures and landmarks based on manually digitized contours of the ventral branches. With this method, we observed that temperature does not affect ventral branches in D. yakuba but that in D. santomea ventral branches tend to morph into a D. yakuba‐like shape at lower temperature. We found that male genitalia structures involved in reproductive isolation can be relatively variable within one species and can resemble the shape of closely related species’ genitalia through plasticity to temperature. Our results suggest that reproductive isolation mechanisms can be dependent on the environmental context.
Exploring the role of parental proximity in the maternal–neonate bond and parental investment in moose (Alces alces) through postcapture movement dynamics
Authors: DelGiudice Glenn D. , Ahmadkhani Mohsen , St‐Louis Véronique , Severud William J. , Obermoller Tyler R.
Published: May 2021

Disturbance can induce some dams to abandon their neonates, whereas others continue parental investment. Understanding the variability of the dam–neonate bond and parental investment of large, mobile species, reclusive during calving, such as moose (Alces alces), can be challenging. Advances in global positioning system (GPS) collar technology and analytical approaches allowed us to better understand the role that dam–neonate proximity plays in maintaining the maternal–neonate bond and maternal investment. In 2013 and 2014, we used movement behavior of 50 free‐ranging GPS‐collared dams and their 74 GPS‐collared neonates during 96 hr postcapture/release of neonates to examine home range (HR) sizes, overlap of their HRs, reunions (≤26 m), and dynamic interactions of their movements. Mean area of 95% kernel density estimator (KDE) HRs of neonates (23.5 ha) not abandoned by their dams was more than 2 times that of abandoned neonates (10.4 ha). Mean HR area of dams continuing to invest in their neonates (104 ha) was smaller than that (897 ha) of abandoning dams. Mean overlap of core (50% KDE) and 95% KDE HRs of dam–neonate pairs when investment continued was 38.7% and 42%, whereas corresponding overlap of HRs associated with abandonment was 0.1% and 2.7%. Mean proportion of pairwise hourly location‐fixes indicative of reunions of dams investing in their neonates was 0.37 and occurred at a mean interval of 2.7 hr. A stronger (p ≤ .05) interaction of mean hourly distances moved (did) between dams investing in their neonates was associated with closer proximity compared with dams abandoning neonates. Our collective data indicate that the spatial proximity of dams investing in their neonates, and their stronger bond, nurtured neonate vitality in a way that reinforced continued investment. In contrast, the abandoning behavior of more distant dams had a diminishing influence on viability of their neonates via nutritional deprivation and limited reciprocal stimulation.
False‐positive bone scintigraphy denoting transthyretin amyloid in elderly hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Chimenti Cristina , Alfarano Maria , Maestrini Viviana , Galea Nicola , De Vincentis Giuseppe , Verardo Romina , Fedele Francesco , Frustaci Andrea
Published: May 2021

A positive nuclear scintigraphy with hydroxy bisphosphonate bone tracer (99mTc‐HPD) is believed to have high sensitivity (>99%) and specificity (91%) for the diagnosis of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy. We report the case of an 85‐year‐old man with increased thickness of ventricular walls and a positive bone scintigraphy, who was unexpectedly found to have sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy. Congo Red staining, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electronmicroscopy on six left ventricular samples scored negative for amyloidosis but were suggestive for sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Genetic study did not show TTR and most commonly involved sarcomeric genes mutations. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy focal cell necrosis related to demand/supply oxygen mismatch, small vessels disease or inflammation could be responsible of a false‐positive bone scintigraphy signal for transthyretin amyloidosis. Because of this, especially in view of a possible specific treatment, endomyocardial biopsy is highly recommended for the correct diagnosis of cardiomyopathies with hypertrophic phenotype.
Electronic Lability of Quinonoid‐Bridged Dinuclear 3 d‐Metal Complexes with Tetradentate N‐Donor Bases
Authors: Chegerev Maxim G. , Starikova Alyona A.
Published: May 2021

Bimetallic coordination compounds prone to spin‐state‐switching rearrangements via spin‐crossover or valence tautomerism mechanisms are of ongoing interest due to their unique magnetic characteristics. Dinuclear transition metal (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) complexes with redox‐active bridging ligands (tetraoxolenes and their imine derivatives, di‐o‐quinones bearing linker groups) and tetradentate nitrogen‐containing bases (tetraazacyclotetradecane, tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine and N,N′‐dialkyl‐2,11‐diaza[3.3]‐(2,6)pyridinophane derivatives) are described from the viewpoint of their electronic structure and magnetic properties. The present review summarizes data on comprehensive investigations of bi‐ and polystable species of such structural architectures, which might be valuable for the chemists and materials scientists involved in the creation of new promising magnetic materials − building blocks for electronic devices of future generations.
Functional Group Variation in tert‐Butyldiphenylsilanes (TBDPS): Syntheses, Reactivities, and Effects on the Intermolecular Interaction Pattern in the Molecular Crystalline State
Authors: Bauer Jonathan O. , Espinosa‐Jalapa Noel Angel , Fontana Nicolò , Götz Tobias , Falk Alexander
Published: May 2021

We present the preparation of tert‐butyldiphenylsilanes differing in one functional group. The molecular structures of the phenyl (3), methoxy (4), and amino derivatives (5) were elucidated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and their crystal packing investigated by Hirshfeld surface analysis along with 2D fingerprint plots. In the all‐C derivative 3, the high symmetry dependence of the crystal packing enables a multitude of directional C(methyl)−H⋅⋅⋅C(π) interactions between the tert‐butyl and phenyl groups. The methoxy derivative 4 is characterized by considerably short H⋅⋅⋅H contacts possibly resulting from pre‐orienting C(aryl)−H⋅⋅⋅O and C(aryl)−H⋅⋅⋅C(π) hydrogen bonds. In the amino derivative 5, the nitrogen atom is not involved in intermolecular interactions, instead dispersive H⋅⋅⋅H contacts might become more important for the crystal cohesion. These findings once again underline the pronounced lone electron pair density transfer from the nitrogen atom towards the silicon atom.
Reactions of ThX4 (X=F, Cl, Br, I) with Liquid Ammonia‐Crystal Structures and a Theoretical Study of Ammine Thorium(IV) Halide Ammoniates
Authors: Deubner H. Lars , Graubner Tim , Weigend Florian , Karttunen Antti J. , Kraus Florian
Published: May 2021

Reactions of thorium tetrahalides ThX4 (X=Cl, Br, I) with liquid ammonia at room temperature lead to the formation of decaammine thorium(IV) halide ammoniates. Their different compositions [Th(NH3)10]X4 ⋅ nNH3 were established by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. While for the chloride the formation of a tetraammoniate is observed, the reaction of the bromide leads to an octaammoniate, whereas the iodide results in approximately a nonaammoniate. Additionally, the formation of the dinuclear Th complex compound [Th2Cl2(NH3)14(μ‐O)]Cl4 ⋅ 3NH3 was observed when moisture was present within NH3. As expected, the Th and the previously reported U compounds [An(NH3)10]Br4 ⋅ 8NH3 (Pbca, An=Th, U), [An(NH3)10]I4 ⋅ 9NH3 (P4/n), and [An2Cl2(NH3)14(μ‐O)]Cl4 ⋅ 3NH3 (P
) are isotypic, respectively. Surprisingly, ThCl4 formed the decaammine complex [Th(NH3)10]Cl4 ⋅ 4NH3 (P121/n1), while UCl4 formed the octaammine chlorido complex [UCl(NH3)8]Cl3 ⋅ 3NH3 (Pnma) in ammonia. Quantum‐chemical gas‐phase calculations were carried out to study the molecular structures and the energetics of the complex cations. In addition, the localized molecular orbitals (LMO) and Intrinsic Bonding Orbitals (IBO) were analyzed. However, the calculations could not explain the preferred formation of the [Th(NH3)10]4+ complex over the hypothetical cation [ThCl(NH3)8]3+.
Bipolar Electrode‐based Electrochromic Devices for Analytical Applications – A Review
Authors: Masturah binti Fakhruddin Siti , Ino Kosuke , Inoue Kumi Y. , Nashimoto Yuji , Shiku Hitoshi
Published: May 2021

Bipolar electrode‐based (BPE‐based) electrochromic devices have garnered increasing attention in the past decade. These BPE‐based electrochromic devices have been used for analytical health monitoring, point‐of‐care (POC) diagnostics, and chemical sensing. In this review, we highlight recent progress made regarding BPE‐based electrochromic devices constructed for these analytical applications. Various, available electrochromic materials are summarized in the first section, after which the different device types (e. g., paper‐based and self‐powered) are discussed. Biological‐ and chemical‐based analytical demonstrations of these devices are then reviewed. Finally, we conclude this review with a perspective on the future developments of BPE‐based electrochromic devices in analytical applications.
Single and competitive sorption potential of date seed‐derived biochar during removal of lead (II) and cadmium (II) ions
Authors: Saravanakumar Krishnan , Naveen Prasad Balakrishna Sankari , Senthilkumar Ramalingham , Reddy Prasad Donipathi Mogili , Venkatesan D.
Published: May 2021

The current research was performed to examine the effects of date seed‐derived biochar (DSDB) for remediation of hazardous metal ions (lead (II) and cadmium (II)) from binary and single systems. The maximum sorption uptakes of 0.484 and 0.798 mmol/g were recorded for lead (II) and cadmium (II) ions, respectively, at an equilibrium pH of 4.5. For both metal ions, DSDB produced quick kinetic uptake rates with most of the removal process (90%) completed within 60 mins. Different types of models were applied to depict lead (II) and cadmium (II) isotherms (Toth, Redlich–Peterson, Freundlich, and Langmuir) and kinetics (pseudo‐first and ‐second order) data. Desorption method was attempted and DSDB was reutilized in five consecutive cycles successfully using 0.01 M HCl as elutant. During binary sorption, decreased uptake of cadmium (II) by DSDB was observed due to the presence of lead (II). In comparison to single solute system, the uptake of cadmium (II) was reduced to 26.5% while only 1.2% reduction for lead (II) was observed. While comparing the two multi‐component isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich), the multicomponent Langmuir model performed well in describing the cadmium (II)+lead (II) binary isotherm with high accuracy.
UV radiation increases mortality and decreases the antioxidant activity in a tephritid fly
Authors: Cui Hongying , Zeng Yiying , Reddy Gadi V.P. , Gao Feng , Li Zhihong , Zhao Zihua
Published: May 2021

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been widely used to monitor insects and conduct surface sterilizations at 365 nm and 254 nm wavelengths, respectively. The global increase in the use of UV light has raised concerns about environmental impacts and effects on non‐target organisms. We, therefore, examined the effects of three UV radiation wavelengths (365 nm, 308 nm and 254 nm) on the survival and antioxidant activities of a tephritid fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. Exposure to UV radiation significantly increased B. dorsalis cohort mortality and the duration of pre‐oviposition. Moreover, the application of UV‐B and UV‐C significantly decreased egg laying. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were irreversibly decreased by UV‐A, UV‐B and UV‐C radiation. Decreases in catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutases (SOD) and glutathione‐S‐transferases (GST) activity were observed at both immediately after exposure and also at 120 h after exposure. However, while peroxidase (POD) activity was decreased immediately after UV‐B and UV‐C radiation, the activity had recovered at 120 h post‐exposure. These results demonstrate UV‐dependent decreases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes are associated with decreased B. dorsalis survival rates. While UV radiation can, therefore, be harmful to non‐target organisms, it is a potential strategy for integrated pest management.
lncRNA PVT1 promotes cetuximab resistance of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by inhibiting miR‐124‐3p
Authors: Yang Shuo , Yuan Zhi‐Jun , Zhu Yue‐Hong , Chen Xue , Wang Wei
Published: May 2021

Background

Cetuximab has been widely used in the clinical treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, whether long non‐coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (lncRNA PVT1) is correlated with cetuximab resistance remains unclear.

Methods

Western blot and qRT‐PCR were performed to quantify the levels of genes and proteins, respectively. Cell functions were measured using Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8), Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and flow cytometry assays. The methylation level was tested using methylation‐specific PCR (MSP).

Results

PVT1 was upregulated and positively correlated with the poor prognosis of HNSCC. PVT1 overexpression markedly promoted the survival and weakened the cetuximab sensitivity of HNSCC cells, while miR‐124‐3p overexpression showed opposite effects. Mechanistically, the silence of PVT1 indirectly promoted miR‐124‐3p expression by reducing its promoter methylation. Importantly, miR‐124‐3p overexpression impeded the regulatory roles of PVT1 overexpression.

Conclusion

PVT1 decreased the sensitivity of HNSCC cells to cetuximab by enhancing methylation‐mediated inhibition of miR‐124‐3p, which might provide a new insight for the cetuximab chemoresistance of HNSCC.
Association between neutrophils and renal impairment of rheumatoid arthritis: A retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yang Pei‐Dan , Zhu Kai‐Jun , Lin Si‐Min , Chen Zhi‐Xin , Liu Min‐Ying , Liu Qing‐Ping , Lin Chang‐Song , Chu Cong‐Qiu , Xu Qiang
Published: May 2021

Objective

Previous studies have shown that increased neutrophils, as a manifestation of oxidative stress, may be involved in the progression of kidney disease. To our knowledge, little is known about the relationship between neutrophils and renal impairment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, we aim to investigate whether neutrophil is associated with renal impairment in RA patients.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated the renal function of 602 RA patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from September 2018 and September 2019. The exposure variable was neutrophils, and the main outcome was eGFR. General data (gender, age, duration, hypertension, diabetes, hobbies, and medication history), whole blood markers, lipid indexes, and inflammatory indexes were collected as much as possible. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association between neutrophils and renal impairment in RA participants.

Results

A total of 89 cases (14.8%) had renal impairment with eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, and 75 cases (84.3%) were female. Subgroup analysis showed that female (odds ratio [OR] = 0.523, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.318–0.867, p = .011), neutrophils greater thsn 7.5 × 109/L (OR = 2.314, 95% CI: 1.310–4.087, p = .004), NLR > 3.53 (OR = 1.757, 95% CI: 1.104–2.799, p = .018), hemoglobin less than 120 g/L (OR = 2.413, 95% CI: 1.418–4.118, p = .001), and UA > 360 μmol/L (OR = 6.052, 95% CI: 3.708–9.878, p < .001) was related to renal damage in RA. Adjusted for several confounders, the multivariable analysis indicated that neutrophils greater than 7.5 × 109/L (OR = 1.784, 95% CI: 1.164–3.288, p = .031) was independently associated with an increased risk of renal impairment in RA.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that neutrophils greater than 7.5 × 109/L was associated with a high risk of renal impairment in RA, suggesting that neutrophil may be a biomarker for renal impairment in RA.
3D printed hybrid bone constructs of PCL and dental pulp stem cells loaded GelMA
Authors: Buyuksungur Senem , Hasirci Vasif , Hasirci Nesrin
Published: May 2021

Fabrication of scaffolds using polymers and then cell seeding is a routine protocol of tissue engineering applications. Synthetic polymers have adequate mechanical properties to substitute for some bone tissue, but they are generally hydrophobic and have no specific cell recognition sites, which leads to poor cell affinity and adhesion. Some natural polymers, have high cell affinity but are mechanically weak and do not have the strength required as a bone supporting material. In the present study, 3D printed hybrid scaffolds were fabricated using PCL and GelMA carrying dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which is printed in the gaps between the PCL struts. This cell loaded GelMA was shown to support osteoinductivity, while the PCL provided mechanical strength needed to mimic the bone tissue. 3D printed PCL/GelMA and GelMA scaffolds were highly stable during 21 days of incubation in PBS. The compressive moduli of the hybrid scaffolds were in the range of the compressive moduli of trabecular bone. DPSCs were homogeneously distributed throughout the entire hydrogel component and exhibited high cell viability in both scaffolds during 21 days of incubation. Upon osteogenic differentiation DPSCs expressed two key matrix proteins, osteopontin and osteocalcin. Alizarin red staining showed mineralized nodules, which demonstrates osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs within GelMA. This construct yielded a very high cell viability, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization comparable to cell culture without compromising mechanical strength suitable for bone tissue engineering applications. Thus, 3D printed, cell loaded PCL/GelMA hybrid scaffolds have a great potential for use in bone tissue engineering applications.
The role of homelessness community based organizations during COVID‐19
Authors: Pixley Cotina Lane , Henry Felicia A. , DeYoung Sarah E. , Settembrino Marc R.
Published: May 2021

People experiencing homelessness are vulnerable to disasters and hazards and are at risk for contracting COVID‐19. In this study, we gathered data from 10 community‐based organizations (CBO's) in the United States that work to provide services for people experiencing homelessness. The combined CBO's span across rural, urban, and a mixture of both settings. We identified three needs that the CBO's indicated to be urgent: (1) the increased need for basic services among guests/clients, (2) new organizational challenges for the CBO's, and (3) issues related to emergency management and disasters. Among these urgent needs, respondents also indicated the need for emotional support for staff and volunteers experiencing burnout during the COVID‐19 response. They also expressed some unique aspects of new care delivery systems, such as clients' willingness to engage in rehabilitation programs because of noncongregate sheltering options corresponding with those support services.
Methods for Detecting Pediatric Adverse Drug Reactions From the Electronic Medical Record
Authors: Joyner Lydia M. , Alicea Leah A. , Goldman Jennifer L. , Suppes Sarah L. , Tillman Emma M.
Published: May 2021

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are common yet are often underreported, making them difficult to track and study. Prospective pharmacovigilance programs significantly increase detection and reporting of ADRs. The aim of this pilot study was to apply triggers used by a prospective pharmacovigilance program at a freestanding children's hospital to retrospectively detect ADRs at our institution, therefore determining if these methods could be replicated and provide the basis for implementation of a prospective pharmacovigilance program. In 2019, our institution had 22 000 inpatient admissions and 51 000 emergency room visits and had 21 ADRs voluntarily reported in an electronic medication safety tracking system. Additional ADRs were identified by methods including new or modified entries to a patient's allergy profile in the electronic medical record (EMR) and International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes. We identified 754 unique patients with changes to allergy profile and 5719 ICD codes in 3966 unique patients to evaluate. These triggers prompted screening of the EMR to validate the ADR, and we identified 280 ADRs occurring in 2019. Eight (2.8%) were identified solely by the electronic medication safety tracking system, 64 (23%) were identified by the allergy list, 110 (39%) were identified only by ICD coding, and the remaining 98 (35%) were identified by multiple methods. The use of triggers followed by review of the EMR identified 13‐fold more ADRs than were voluntarily reported, illustrating the need for an active pharmacovigilance service and the successful use of multimodal methods to detect and track ADRs.
Apoptotic vesicles restore liver macrophage homeostasis to counteract type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zheng Chenxi , Sui Bingdong , Zhang Xiao , Hu Jiachen , Chen Ji , Liu Jin , Wu Di , Ye Qingyuan , Xiang Lei , Qiu Xinyu , Liu Siying , Deng Zhihong , Zhou Jun , Liu Shiyu , Shi Songtao , Jin Yan
Published: May 2021

Apoptosis is a naturally occurring process generating plenty of apoptotic vesicles (apoVs), but the feature, fate and function of apoVs remain largely unknown. Notably, as an appealing source for cell therapy, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) undergo necessary apoptosis and release apoVs during therapeutic application. In this study, we characterized and used MSC‐derived apoVs to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D) mice, and we found that apoVs were efferocytosed by macrophages and functionally modulated liver macrophage homeostasis to counteract T2D. We showed that apoVs can induce macrophage reprogramming at the transcription level in an efferocytosis‐dependent manner, leading to inhibition of macrophage accumulation and transformation of macrophages towards an anti‐inflammation phenotype in T2D liver. At the molecular level, we discovered that calreticulin (CRT) was exposed on the surface of apoVs to act as a critical ‘eat‐me’ signal mediating apoV efferocytosis and macrophage regulatory effects. Importantly, we demonstrated that CRT‐mediated efferocytosis of MSC‐derived apoVs contributes to T2D therapy with alleviation of T2D phenotypes including glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. These findings uncover that functional efferocytosis of apoVs restores liver macrophage homeostasis and ameliorates T2D.
On the probability that a random subtree is spanning
Authors: Wagner Stephan
Published: May 2021

We consider the quantity associated with a graph that is defined as the probability that a randomly chosen subtree of is spanning. Motivated by conjectures due to Chin, Gordon, MacPhee and Vincent on the behaviour of this graph invariant depending on the edge density, we establish first that is bounded below by a positive constant provided that the minimum degree is bounded below by a linear function in the number of vertices. Thereafter, the focus is shifted to the classical Erdős–Rényi random graph model . It is shown that converges in probability to if and to 0 if . As side results, we find in the dense case that the total number of subtrees satisfies a log‐normal limit law, and that the number of vertices missing in a random subtree asymptotically follows a Poisson distribution.
New synthetic strategy for Friedlander condensation of 4‐amino‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromene‐3‐carbaldehyde by heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: R. Jadhav Ghanshyam , J. Medhane Vijay , G. Deshmukh Dattatray , S. Gaikwad Sharad
Published: May 2021

Chromenopyridines are an important class of compound because of their diverse biological activities. In the present work, we have developed convenient route for the synthesis of chromeno[4,3‐b] pyridine derivatives (3a–e, 5a–e, and 7a–d) by Friedlander condensation of 4‐amino‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromene‐3‐carbaldehyde with various active methylene compounds. We have used mixed metal oxide catalyst such as nanomaterial Zinc titanate. The reaction was carried out for various solvent systems, also we have altered the concentration of the catalyst. The 2‐propanol/water solvent system and 5 mol% catalyst concentration are best as far as yield and rate of reaction are concerned. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectra, and elemental analysis.