bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERSPEKTIF SYIAH IMAMIYAH TENTANG DIMENSI TAUHID
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad
Published: August 2020

Abstrak: Studi ini membahas perspektif Syiah Imamiyah tentang dimensi tauhid. Dengan pendekatan tafsir al-Qur’an, tulisan ini mengungkapkan temuan bahwa Al-Qur’an sebagai pedoman bagi umat manusia memuat ayat-ayat tauhid yang merupakan asas dan dasar kajian Islam. Ayat-ayat ini diklasifikasi oleh ulama Syiah ke dalam dua kelompok. Kelompok pertama, ayat-ayat yang memuat tentang tauhid teoretis; pemikiran konsep serta pemahaman yang mentauhidkan Allah swt. baik dalam hal zat, sifat maupun perbuatan-Nya. Kelompok kedua adalah ayat-ayat yang mengulas tentang tauhid praktis atau yang disebut dengan tindakan atau amal yang berlandaskan tauhid teoretis. Pada gilirannya baik tauhid teoretis maupun tauhid praktis memiliki cabang dan variannya masing-masing.

Kata Kunci: Syiah Imamiyah, tauhid, al-Qur’an
 
Abstract: Shia Imamiyah Perspective on Theology. This study examines the Shiite Imamiyah school of thought on the dimension of monotheism in the Qur’an. This study is a literature study where the works of Shiite scholars are analyzed by content analysis methods. This study is hoped to become as sufficient information about monotheism according to the Shiah school as explained by scholars of Shi’ism. This study proposes that there are two dimensions of monotheism in the Shia school, namely theoretical monotheism and practical dimensions. The theoretical dimension of monotheism constitutes three categories which include first, substance monotheism, second monotheism of character, and third, monotheism of action. In addition, the practical dimension in monotheism is divided into three namely monotheism in worship (tawhîd ‘ibâdah), monotheism in obedience and observance, and monotheism in acquiring comfort and assistance.
 
Keywords: Shia Imamiyah, theology, Qur’an
Statistical Analysis of Metal Removal during Magnetic Abrasive Finishing Process
Authors: Ahmed Baqer Ayad , Shather Saad Kariem , Hamdan Wisam Kadhim
Published: August 2020

This work aims to provide a statistical analysis of metal removal during the Magnetic Abrasive Finishing process (MAF) and find out the mathematical model which describes the relationship between the process parameters and metal removal, also estimate the impact of the parameters on metal removal. In this study, the single point incremental forming was used to form the truncated cone made of low carbon steel (1008-AISI) based on the Z-level tool path. Then the finishing was accomplished using a magnetic abrasive process based on the Box-Behnken design of the experiment using Minitab 17 software was used to finish the surface of the formed truncated cone. The influences of different parameters (feed rate, machining step size, coil current, and spindle speed) on metal removal were (32.948, 21.896, 10.587, and 13.907) %, respectively.
Roughness Effect on Velocity Distribution in Selected Reach of Shatt al-Arab River
Authors: Abbas Amjed M. , Mohammed Abdul-Ilah Y.
Published: August 2020

Shatt al-Arab is the only navigational artery in Iraq, extending from the city of Qurna to its mouth in the Arabian Gulf at the city of Al-Fao within the governorate of Basrah for a length of approximately 204 km. Its width ranges from 400 m to 2000 m, and its depth ranges from 8 m to 20 m. The southern part of it, 93 km long from Umm al-Rassas Island to Ras al-Bisha, represents the international border between Iraq and Iran, where the Thalweg line represents the border between the two countries, which is the deepest point in the riverbed (according to the 1975 Algiers Agreement). The western bank (the Iraqi side) within the common border of Shatt al-Arab is subject to continuous erosion, which leads to the shifting of the Thalweg line towards Iraqi territory and thus leads to loss of Iraqi land to Iran. Reducing flow velocity along the Iraqi side can lead to reducing or preventing erosion in the river. Increasing the riverbed roughness will reduce the velocity of flow and then reducing the erosion. This principle was adopted in this study to investigate the effect of increasing roughness in a strip along a reach of the riverbed on the distribution of longitudinal velocity in cross-sections at the rest of the selected reach. A reach of Shatt al-Arab with a length of 2500 m, located 34 km north of Fao City, was selected to represent the study area. This reach was simulated by using numerical modeling CFD solver (fluent) with three different roughnesses for an upstream part of the river bed and the velocities compared with the natural (original) roughness of Shatt al-Arab. The results showed an appreciable effect of the increased bed roughness on the velocity distribution and the maximum velocity location by shifting it to the other side.
Computation of Critical Submergence Depth to Avoid Surface Vortices at Vertical Pumps Intakes
Authors: Kadhim Ali F. , Al Thamiry Hayder A.
Published: August 2020

The pumping station became widely used in many fields. Free surface vortices at intakes of pumps are not favorable. It may cause noise, excessive vibration, damage to the pumping structure, reduction in efficiency and flow for hydro-turbines, etc. One of the important problems encountered during the pump intake design is the depth of submergence and other design parameters to avoid strong free-surface vortices formation. This study aims to compute the critical submergence depth with some geometrical and hydraulic limitations by using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) package. The mathematical model was validated with a laboratory model that had been conducted. The model of three intake pipes was investigated under five different submergence depth (S), three different spaces between intake pipes (b), and five different suction velocities (v). The results showed the best operation cases when the space between intake pipes (b) equal to 4D, the submergence depth of water is equal or greater than 1.25 from the bell mouth diameter of intake pipe (D), and the suction velocity less than 2 m/s. The worst case was when the space between the suction pipe (b) was (2D), in this case, the vortex appeared at submergence depth (S/D = 2) with suction velocity 3 m/s.
Salt Distribution in a Soil Irrigated by Subsurface Emitter
Authors: Waseen Ali Raheem , Abid Maysoon Basheer
Published: August 2020

The best design of subsurface trickle irrigation systems requires knowledge of water and salt distribution patterns around the emitters that match the root extraction and minimize water losses. The transient distribution of water and salt in a two-dimensional homogeneous Iraqi soil domain under subsurface trickle irrigation with different settings of an emitter is investigated numerically using 2D-HYDRUS software. Three types of Iraqi soil were selected. The effect of altering different values of water application rate and initial soil water content was investigated in the developed model. The coefficient of correlation (R2) and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) was used to validate the predicted numerical result. This statistical analysis revealed that there was no much difference between the predicted numerical results, and the measured values. R2 varied from 0.75 to 0.93 and the (RMSE) from 0.079 to 0.116. The comparison confirms the accuracy of the developed model, and it shows that it can be used to simulate the front wetting patterns of water and salt distribution under subsurface trickle irrigation systems. The simulation outcome showed that as the distance from the emitter increased, soil salinity far from the emitter decreased. As expected, irrigation duration and amount affects the dimension of the solute distribution.
Urban Morphological Studies (Concepts, Techniques, and Methods)
Authors: Al-Saaidy Haider Jasim Essa
Published: August 2020

Urban morphological approach (concepts and practices) plays a significant role in forming our cities not only in terms of theoretical perspective but also in how to practice and experience the urban form structures over time. Urban morphology has been focused on studying the processes of formation and transformation of urban form based on its historical development. The main purpose of this study is to explore and describe the existing literature of this approach and thus aiming to summarize the most important studies that put into understanding the city form. In this regard, there were three schools of urban morphological studies, namely: the British, the Italian, and the French School. A reflective comparison between the three schools has been conducted in order to recognize the main critical points among them. Therefore, a theoretical framework is derived.
Poland Syndrome: A curious anomaly
Authors: Adjei Martin
Published: August 2020

Background: Poland syndrome also referred to as Poland Anomaly or sequence is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by absence or under development of the pectoralis major and sometimes minor muscle with or without limb asymmetry and a combination of other physical anomalies. The global incidence is estimated to be 1:10,000 to 1:100,000 but is thought to be underestimated due to the different degrees of the physical anomalies and a general lack of awareness about the condition. No cases have been reported from Ghana to the best of our knowledge.

History: A sixteen year old girl presented with gross asymmetry of the breasts. Further examination revealed asymmetry of the upper limbs with shortened digits on the left. Anomaly only became noticeable during puberty.

Conclusion: Though defects in Poland syndrome are present at birth, some individuals with Poland syndrome only present during puberty. Poland syndrome can be left-sided and also occur in females though majority of reported cases tend to be right-sided involving males.
Towards analysis of the heritability of acquired characters: Transmutation and preinduction in Daphnia.
Authors: Press Maximilian Oliver
Published: August 2020

A revised translation of Beitrag zur Analyse der Vererbung erworbener Eigenschaften: Transmutation und Präinduktion bei Daphniden, by Richard Woltereck. This revision corrects many errors in the first draft. Published originally in the Verhandlungen der Deutschen zoologischen Gesellschaft in 1911.In this paper, Woltereck presents some long-term culture experiments in which he attempts to induce heritable phenotypic changes (and thus implicitly genotypic changes) through unaccustomed environmental exposure. He does not explicitly select any particular phenotype from these cultures.He finds that it is possible to induce changes in the first generation (which he calls “induction”) and the second generation (“preinduction”) after environmental stimuli are withdrawn, but no further.He infers that these changes are due to effects on developing embryos for induction, and on germ cells within developing embryos for preinduction.However, he concludes that he has not found evidence for the inheritance of acquired characters, as both preinduction and induction appear to be part of the animal’s inherited reaction norm, and their effects are transient. He suggests a more inclusive definition of the reaction norm to accommodate this.To explain how this might proceed, he draws upon the relatively new sciences of enzymology and immunology. He suggests that the idea of catalysis might be a good way of thinking about how genes can affect the reactions he is interested in, in that genes might be like enzymes (this is approximately three decades before Beadle and Tatum). Next, he suggests that we might understand the catalytic mechanism of such genes with an analogy to the inhibitory effects of antibodies. In short, he presents a model for gene-regulatory control of development (this is approximately five decades before Jacob and Monod).
How to Do Better: Toward Normalizing Experimentation in Epistemology
Authors: Turri John
Published: August 2020

Appeals to ordinary thought and talk are frequent in philosophy, perhaps nowhere more than in contemporary epistemology. When an epistemological theory implies serious error in “commonsense” or “folk” epistemology, it is counted as a cost of the view. Similarly, when an epistemological theory respects or vindicates deep patterns in commonsense epistemology, it is viewed as a benefit of the view. Philosophers typically rely on introspection and anecdotal social observation to support their characterizations of commonsense epistemology. But recent experimental research shows that philosophers employing these methods often seriously mischaracterize commonsense. Based on these findings, I propose a fundamental change to standard practice in the field. Whether the fundamental goal of epistemology is descriptive or prescriptive, experimentation is an integral part of the project.
C18ORF54 is differentially expressed in the brains of patients with Parkinson’s Disease.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: August 2020

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia (1). We mined published and public microarray datasets (2, 3, 4) to identify genes whose expression was most different in the substantial nigra of patients with PD as compared to that of non-affected patients. We identified significant changes in expression of open reading frame 18 on chromosome 54 (C18ORF54) in the substantia nigra of patients with PD.
Commuting behaviours and COVID-19
Authors: Harrington Deirdre , Hadjiconstantinou Michelle
Published: August 2020

The UK Government restrictions on non-essential work in response to the COVID-19 pandemic has meant that millions of working aged-adults were forced into an unplanned lifestyle change. We present data on changes in commuting behaviour of public transport and car commuters and describe the facilitators and barriers to switching commuting behaviours, with a specific focus on cycling and walking.An online survey queried individuals’ transport mode to/from work before becoming aware of COVID-19 threat, when restrictions were in place and the transport mode they may use once restrictions are lifted. Free-form text responses were also collected on why they may switch to a sustainable mode of transport (e.g. walk, bicycle or bus) to work in the future and what would help/allow them to achieve this. Quantitative and qualitative data on those who commuted by car (single occupant) and public transport (bus/rail/park & ride) were analysed and presented separately.Overall, 725 car and public transport commuters responded; 72.4% were car commuters and 27.6% were public transport commuters before COVID-19. Of the car commuters, 81.9% may continue travelling by car once restrictions are lifted while 3.6% and 6.5% might change to walking and cycling, respectively. Of the public transport commuters, 49.0% plan to switch modes. From the free-form text responses three themes were identified: (a) perceived behavioural control towards cycling and walking (infrastructure and safety of roads, distance, weather) (b) key motivators to encourage a switch to cycling and walking (provision to support cycling, personal and environmental benefits); (c) the demands of current lifestyle (job requirements, family and lifestyle commitments).These UK data show how the COVID-19 pandemic has been an “external shock” causing some individuals to reassess their commuting mode. This provides an opportunity for theory-based behaviour change interventions tackling motivations, barriers and beliefs towards changing commute mode.
Oil price shocks against stock return of oil- and gas-related firms in the economic depression: A new evidence from a copula approach
Authors: Nguyen Thu Thuy , Tran T.N. , Nguyen V.C.
Published: August 2020

This research examines the influence of world crude oil price shocks on the financial performance of Vietnamese oil- and gas-related firms. Based on copula approach and the sample data of domestic giant oil- and gas firms from 2009 to 2019, in particular in the situation of oil price steadily going up and economic depression of 2011–2012; approximately nine copulas including Gauss, Clayton, Rotated-Clayton, Plackett, Frank, Gumbel, Rotated-Gumbel, Student, Symmetrized-Joe-Clayton have been focused. A new evidence could be found that the oil price shocks have not impacted on the stock return of oil- and gas-related firms in the wave of increasing oil price, but a lagged period of time oil- and gas-related firms could receive more stock returns. The results further demonstrate that world oil price fluctuations have significantly impacted on the financial performance of some firms as PVS, PVG, and PET in the pre-depression period. In respect to the economic depression of 2011–2012, the study reveals no evidence in the relationship between world oil price fluctuations and stock returns of oil- and gas-related firms. In other words, results in the post-depression period suggest that world oil price shocks can affect stock returns of selected giant oil- and gas-related firms.
Lexical connectivity effects in immediate serial recall of words
Authors: Mak Matthew HC , Hsiao Yaling , Nation Kate
Published: August 2020

In four experiments, we tested whether immediate serial recall is influenced by a word’s degree centrality, an index of lexical connectivity. Words of high degree centrality are associated with more words in free association norms than those of low degree centrality. Experiment 1 reanalysed four existing datasets (collected for other purposes) to explore the effect of degree centrality in scrambled wordlists. Results indicated that high-degree (vs. low-degree) words are advantaged across all serial positions, independently of other variables including word frequency. Experiment 2 replicated this finding using an expanded stimulus set. Experiment 3 used pure lists with each list containing high- or low-degree words only. Once again, high-degree words were better recalled across all serial positions, and this could not be explained by other psycholinguistic variables. Experiment 4 used alternating lists, within which high- and low-degree words alternated. High-degree words were no longer advantaged overall. Instead, recall of low-degree words was facilitated when neighboured by high-degree words. We conclude that degree centrality is a distinct variable that affects serial recall and consider its influence both as an item-level characteristic that reflects how accessible a word is and as an inter-item property that captures how well associative links can be formed between words.
IMPLEMENTATION OF FATWA ULAMA COUNCIL ACEH CONCERNING MAINTAINING FARDHU KIFAYAH FOR THE MUSLIM’S CORPSE INFECTED BY COVID 19 IN BANDA ACEH
Authors: Nirwana Andri
Published: August 2020

Abstract: The phenomenon of the people who forcibly took covid's corpse 19 from the hospital to be taken care of by Fardhu Kifayah by his family and the community, became a conclusion that there was community doubt about the management of Tajhiz Mayat conducted by the hospital. Coupled with the circulation of the video of the Ruku movement 'in the corpse prayer conducted by unscrupulous parties at the Hospital, became added doubts from the public against the hospital. To solve this problem, this research uses a Descriptive Analysis approach, namely by formulating a question, namely How to arrange Covid 19's body in Banda Aceh and this question will be answered with several theories and data sets from the field. So it was concluded in a conclusion that answered the formulation of the problems mentioned. Theoretically the spread of covid 19 is very fast, the size of the virus is only 0.1 micrometer and is in body fluids, especially nasopharyngeal fluid and oropharyngeal fluids of infected people, fluids in the body of covid 19 bodies can get out through every gap of the body such as mouth, nose, eye and rectum, because it requires special techniques in its management. Fardhu kifayah to covid 19 bodies should be carried out by trained Ustad and trained health workers, so that the spread stopped. The results of this study concluded that the management of the Moslem bodies died at Zainal Abidin Hospital in Banda Aceh was in accordance with the Fatwa of the Aceh Ulama Council (MPU) and the bodies were handled by trained Ustad and health workers.
Multiple members of the transcription factor elongation A like (TCEAL) family are differentially expressed in high-grade serous ovarian cancers.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: August 2020

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We sought to identify genes associated with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) by comparing global gene expression profiles of normal ovary with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with HGSC using published microarray data (2, 3). Perturbed expression of TCEAL7 has previously been reported in epithelial ovarian cancers (4). Here we find significant differential expression of multiple members of the TCEAL gene family in high-grade serous ovarian tumors.
Inteligensia Indonesia Abad 20, Habibie dan Kekuasaan Politik Sarjana Muslim
Authors: Wekke Ismail Suardi
Published: August 2020

Di suatu masa dulu, Indonesia dimulai gagasan cendekiawan muslim. Kemudian dalam perjalanannya dinamankan dengan ICMI. Seiring dengan wafatnya Habibie, saya khawatir itu juga akan terkubur. Boleh jadi iya, tetapi justru sarjana-sarjana muslim semakin meluas pengaruhnya dalam struktur formal negara.
Low Speed Wind Tunnel Flow Diagnostics and Benchmark Cases for Thermal Fluids CFD Validation Efforts
Authors: Kristo Paul , Sohail Saniya , Read Ryan S. , Kimber Mark L.
Published: August 2020

A low speed, closed loop wind tunnel at Texas A&M University is presented for the study of turbulent mixing produced by a variety of flows types. Anticipated experiments range from canonical “unit flows” to more complex combinations of flows and geometries. Originally located at the University of Pittsburgh, the facility has since been re-located to the Thermal Hydraulics Verification and Validation (THVV) laboratory at Texas A&M University. The tunnel has undergone considerable modification and updated diagnostics prompting renewed interest in flow quality assessment. This includes a thorough mapping of the tunnel inlet velocity profile provided by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements. Additional temperature and gage pressure measurements complete the assessment of system capabilities. These preliminary diagnostics yield empirically determined boundary conditions and fluid property correlations necessary for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model validation. The article concludes with the presentation of two unit flow types, including flow past a cylinder, with three distinct cross sections, and a single round jet in cross flow at three velocity ratios. The unit flows serve as initial benchmarks for THVV simulation efforts. Key validation metrics are presented for each benchmark including ensemble averaged velocities, Reynolds stresses, and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) eigenvectors.
On measuring agreement with numerically bounded linguistic probability schemes: A re-analysis of data from Wintle, Fraser, Wills, Nicholson, and Fidler (2019)
Authors: Mandel David R. , Irwin Daniel
Published: August 2020

Across a wide range of domains, experts make probabilistic judgments under conditions of uncertainty to support decision-making. These judgments are often conveyed using linguistic expressions (e.g., x is likely). Seeking to foster shared understanding of these expressions between senders and receivers, the US intelligence community implemented a communication standard that prescribes a set of probability terms and assigns each term an equivalent numerical probability range. Wintle et al. (2019) tested whether access to the standard improves shared understanding and also explored the efficacy of various enhanced presentation formats. Notably, they found that embedding numeric equivalents in text (e.g., x is likely [55-80%]) substantially outperformed the status quo approach in terms of the percentage overlap between participants’ interpretations of linguistic probabilities (defined in terms of the numeric range equivalents they provided for each term) and the numeric ranges in the standard. These results have important prescriptive implications, yet Wintle et al.’s percentage overlap measure of agreement may be viewed as unfairly punitive since it penalizes individualsfor being more precise than the stipulated guidelines even when the individuals’ interpretations fall perfectly within the stipulated ranges. Arguably, within-range precision is a positive attribute. Accordingly, we reanalyzed Wintle et al.’s data using an alternative measure of percentage overlap that does not penalize in-range precision. Predictably, we find that percentage overlap is elevated across conditions. More importantly, the effects of presentation format and probability level are highly consistent with the original study. By removing further ambiguity, these findings buttress the claim that the methods currently used by intelligence organizations are ineffective at coordinating the meaning of uncertainty expressions between intelligence producers and intelligence consumers.
La santé mentale des étudiants : mieux prendre la mesure et considérer les enjeux
Authors: Morvan Yannick , Frajerman Ariel
Published: August 2020

La santé mentale représente un coût élevé pour la société pourtant la prévention semble efficace et rentable. Toutefois plusieurs problèmes se posent concernant la mesure en santé mentale et notamment de définir ce que l’on entend par pathologie. Il convient également de comprendre comment les mesures de ces concepts sont opérationnalisées et comment les outils sont construits. Ainsi pour la dépression, il existe de nombreuses échelles différentes qui ne prennent pas en compte les mêmes symptômes et pour une même échelle le seuil et la période de temps étudiés peuvent varier, ce qui a des conséquences sur les données de prévalence obtenues. Il est également important de s’interroger sur les hypothèses et modèles utilisés concernant les causes des pathologies psychiques qui sous-tendent les outils et les recherches réalisées. Pour finir, les troubles mentaux, tels que définis actuellement, débutent majoritairement avant l’âge de 24 ans pour trois quart des personnes. Les étudiants, dont l’âge est majoritairement compris en 18 et 25 ans, sont une population particulièrement à risque ce qui peut avoir des conséquences très importantes tant individuelles que sociales. Les conséquences du coronavirus et du confinement, en lui-même et en raison de ses conséquences économiques et sociales, pourraient avoir un impact délétère sur leur santé mentale. Malheureusement, il existe encore peu de données sur les étudiants français et les études existantes ne sont pas facilement comparables en raison de méthodologies différentes. Tous ces éléments plaident pour la mise en place d’une politique d’évaluation de la santé mentale des étudiants.
Looking at remembering: Eye movements, pupil size, and autobiographical memory
Authors: Janssen Steve M. J. , Foo Alicia , Johnson Sheena , Lim Alfred , Satel Jason
Published: August 2020

To examine the relationship between visual imagery and autobiographical memory, eye position and pupil size were recorded while participants first searched for memories and then reconstructed the retrieved memories (Experiment 1), or only searched for memories (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, we observed that, although recollective experience was not associated with the number of fixations per minute, memories that took longer to retrieve were linked to increased pupil size. In Experiment 2, we observed that directly retrieved memories were recalled more quickly and were accompanied by smaller pupils than generatively retrieved memories. After correcting for response time, retrieval mode also produced an effect, showing that decreased pupil size is not simply due to directly retrieved memories being recalled more quickly. These findings provide compelling evidence that objective measures, such as pupil size, can be used alongside subjective measures, such as self-reports, to distinguish between directly retrieved and generatively retrieved memories.
Cubic Response Surface Analysis: Investigating Asymmetric and Level-Dependent Congruence Effects With Third-Order Polynomial Models
Authors: Humberg Sarah , Schönbrodt Felix D. , Back Mitja , Nestler Steffen
Published: August 2020

Congruence hypotheses play a major role in many areas of psychology. They refer to, for example, the consequences of person-environment fit, similarity, or self-other agreement. For example, are people psychologically better adjusted when their self-view is in line with their reputation? A valid statistical approach that can be applied to investigate congruence hypotheses of this kind is quadratic Response Surface Analysis (RSA) in which a second-order polynomial model is fit to the data and appropriately interpreted. However, quadratic RSA does not allow researchers to investigate more precise expectations about a congruence effect. Do the data support an asymmetric congruence effect, in the sense that congruence leads to the highest (or lowest) outcome, but incongruence in one direction (e.g., self-view exceeds reputation) affects the outcome differently than incongruence in the other direction (e.g., self-view falls behind reputation)? Is there a level-dependent congruence effect, such that the amount of congruence is more strongly related to the outcome variable for some levels of the predictors (e.g., high self-view and reputation) than for others (e.g., low self-view and reputation)? Such complex congruence hypotheses have frequently been suggested in the literature, but they could not be investigated because an appropriate statistical approach has yet to be developed. Here, we present analytical strategies, based on third-order polynomial models, that enable users to investigate asymmetric and level-dependent congruence effects, respectively. To facilitate the correct application of the suggested approaches, we provide respective step-by-step guidelines, corresponding R syntax, and illustrative analyses using simulated and real data.
COVID-19 Pandemic Severity, Lockdown Regimes, and People’s Mobility: Early Evidence from 88 Countries
Authors: Rahman Md. Mokhlesur , Thill Jean-Claude , Paul Kamal Chandra
Published: August 2020

This study empirically investigates the complex interplay between the severity of the coronavirus pandemic, mobility changes in retail and recreation, transit stations, workplaces, and residential areas, and lockdown measures in 88 countries of the word. To conduct the study, data on mobility patterns, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of people, lockdown measures, and coronavirus pandemic were collected from multiple sources (e.g., Google, UNDP, UN, BBC, Oxford University, Worldometer). A Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique is used to investigate the direct and indirect effects of independent variables on dependent variables considering the intervening effects of mediators. Results show that lockdown measures have significant effects to encourage people to maintain social distancing. However, pandemic severity and socioeconomic and institutional factors have limited effects to sustain social distancing practice. The results also explain that socioeconomic and institutional factors of urbanity and modernity have significant effects on pandemic severity. Countries with a higher number of elderly people, employment in the service sector, and higher globalization trend are the worst victims of the coronavirus pandemic (e.g., USA, UK, Italy, and Spain). Social distancing measures are reasonably effective at tempering the severity of the pandemic.
Building Enthusiasm and Overcoming ‘Fear’: Engaging with Christian Leaders in an Age of Science
Authors: Reid Lydia
Published: August 2020

In popular culture the relationship between science and religion has often been portrayed as one of conflict. The impact of the conflict thesis can be observed in church leaders’ hesitancy in talking about science and religion in the public domain. It was this finding that led Revd Professor David Wilkinson (cosmologist and theologian) and Professor Tom McLeish (physicist and Anglican lay reader) to form the project ‘Equipping Christian Leadership in an Age of Science’ funded by The Templeton World Charity Foundation. The data presented in this article (collected during 2015-2018) is derived from two discreet pieces of research. The first consisting of a survey of over 1,000 church leaders and interviews with 20 senior church leaders and, the second, with a strategic focus on ministerial training comprised of 12 interviews with church educationalists. This paper reflects on the findings from both pieces of research – covering topics such as church leaders’ enthusiasm towards science, how church leaders view the relationship between science and religion and the role of compartmentalisation in ministerial training. The article is unique in providing sociological analysis on the relevant data and including a personal reflection by David Wilkinson – the project’s director – on the implications of the research for ministerial training and science.
The implementation of the random survival forests in conflict management data: An examination of power sharing and third party mediation in post-conflict countries
Authors: Whetten Andrew , Stevens John R , Cann Damon
Published: August 2020

Time-to-event analysis is a common occurrence in political science. In recent years, there has been an increased usage of machine learning methods in quantitative political science research. This article advocates for the implementation of machine learning duration models to assist in a sound model selection process. We provide a brief introduction to the random survival forest (RSF) algorithm and contrast it to a popular predecessor, the Cox proportional hazards model. We implement both methods for simulated time-to-event data and the Power-Sharing Event Dataset (PSED) to assist researchers in evaluating the merits of machine learning duration models. We provide evidence of significantly higher survival probabilities for peace agreements with 3rd party mediated design and implementation. We also detect increased survival probabilities for peace agreements that incorporate territorial power-sharing and avoid multiple rebel party signatories. Further, the RSF provides a novel approach for ranking of peace agreement criteria importance in predicting peace agreement duration. Our findings justify the robust interpretability and competitive performance of the random survival forest algorithm in numerous circumstances, in addition to promoting a diverse, holistic model-selection process for time-to-event political science data.
Characterization of Intergranular Corrosion in AA 5xxx Al-Mg Alloys
Authors: Engler O. , Kuhnke K. , Krupp H.-J. , Hentschel T.
Published: August 2020

Intergranular corrosion refers to a selective corrosion attack at the grain boundaries of polycrystalline materials. In engineering Al-Mg alloys of the AA 5xxx series it is caused by the formation of chemicallyless noble β-Al8Mg5 phases along the grain boundaries. The sensitivity of a material to intergranular corrosion can be assessed based on the mass losses in the so-called nitric acid mass loss test (NAMLT) according to ASTM G67. However, a detailed investigation of the underlying corrosion mechanisms requires that the β phases are made directly visible in the microstructure by metallographic methods. In the present work, the NAMLT mass losses of three AA 5xxx alloys with different Mg contents are compared with the results from two different etching methods. On the one hand, the alloys are etched in diluted phosphoric acid, a substance routinely used to examine the grain boundary occupancy in AA 5xxx materials. On the other hand, a newer etching method using a dilute ammonium persulfate solution is tested which etches the β-Al8Mg5 phases in the microstructure in a way that they can be examined at higher magnifications; even examinations in the scanning electron microscope are possible.
EFEITO DA PODA RADICULAR E DO HIDROGEL NO CRESCIMENTO DE MUDAS DE JATOBÁ
Authors: Faller Bruno Vilela , Amorin Rhayssa dos Santos , De Oliveira Israel Alves , Jardim Iselino Nogueira
Published: August 2020

A produção de mudas de jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril L.) é essencial para a conservação e restituição ao seu habitat natural. Entretanto a produção de mudas de espécie nativa ainda é pouco estudada. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de poda e doses de hidrogel no crescimento inicial de jatobá sob sombreamento. Mudas de jatobá com 90 dias de idade foram usadas no experimento. O delineamento experimental foi o esquema fatorial composto de três níveis de poda radicial (0,0; 25,0 e 50,0%) e cinco doses de hidrogel (0,0; 2,0; 4,0; 6,0 e 8,0 g L-1 de substrato) totalizando 15 tratamentos. Aos 105 dias após o transplantio em casa de vegetação, foram avaliados os parâmetros morfométricos e índices de crescimento. As mudas submetidas à poda radicial de 25,0% apresentaram maior crescimento após transplantio para sacos plásticos. O hidrogel também mostrou efeito positivo nas variáveis morfométricas avaliadas. Efeitos combinados do nível de poda radicial a 25,0% e doses de hidrogel na faixa de 3,0 a 4,0 g L-1 exerceram efeitos positivos no crescimento das variáveis morfométricas. Essas técnicas isoladas ou combinadas podem ser aplicadas por viveiristas para prolongar o tempo de manutenção de mudas de jatobá.Palavras-chave: Polímero hidroabsorvente; déficit hídrico; sistema radicial; Hymenaea courbaril L. EFFECT OF ROOT PRUNING AND HYDROGEL ON GROWTH OF JATOBA SEEDLINGS ABSTRACT:The production of jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril L.) seedlings is essential for the conservation and restitution of their natural habitat. However, the production of seedlings of native species is still little studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of pruning and hydrogel doses on the initial growth of jatoba under shading. We used jatoba seedlings with 90 days of age in a factorial scheme consisting of three levels of root pruning (0.0, 25.0, and 50.0%) and five hydrogel doses (0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g L-1 substrate) totalizing 15 treatments. At 105 days after transplanting in the greenhouse, morphometric parameters and growth rates were evaluated. Seedlings submitted to root pruning of 25.0% showed greater growth after transplanting to plastic bags. The hydrogel also showed a positive effect on the morphometric variables evaluated. The combined effects of 25.0% of root pruning level and doses of hydrogel in the range of 3.0 to 4.0 g L-1 exerted positive effects on the growth of morphometric variables. These isolated or combined techniques can be employed in a nursery to prolong the maintenance time of jatoba seedlings.Keywords: Hydroabsorbent polymer; water deficit; root system; Hymenaea courbaril L.
BIOATIVIDADE DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE Croton blanchetianus Baill (Euphorbiaceae) SOBRE Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Silva Antonielson Bezarra da , Oliveira Carlos Romero Ferreira de , Matos Cláudia Helena Cysneiros , Santos Patryck Érmerson Monteiro dos , Lira Cilene Rejane Inácio de Magalhães
Published: August 2020

Foi avaliada a toxicidade, por contato, a taxa de oviposição e emergência de C. maculatus em grãos de feijão-caupi tratados com o óleo essencial de Croton blanchetianus e o efeito residual em diferentes períodos de armazenamento, sendo, ainda, determinadas as concentrações letais (CL50 e CL90). O teste de toxicidade por contato e taxas de oviposição e emergência de C. maculatus foi realizado em placas de Petri, utilizando 6 concentrações (0; 2.5; 5; 7.5; 10 e 12.5 μL/20g). No teste residual, os grãos foram submetidos a diferentes períodos de armazenamento (0, 30 e 60 dias). Os resultados mostraram que o óleo essencial de C. blanchetianus apresentou toxicidade por contato sobre C. maculatus. Observou-se que as concentrações letais foram consideradas baixas. Este óleo também reduziu a oviposição e emergência de adultos. Por outro lado, durante diferentes períodos de armazenamento o óleo teve sua ação diminuída, apresentando potencial para ser utilizado em programas de manejo de C. maculatus em feijão armazenado.Palavras-chave: inseticidas botânicos; Bruchinae; grãos armazenados; Vigna unguiculata. BIOACTIVITY OF Croton blanchetianus Baill (Euphorbiaceae) ESSENTIAL OIL ON THE Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) ABSTRACT: The toxicity was calculated by contact, the oviposition and emergence rate of C. maculatus on cowpea treated with the essential oil of Croton blanchetianus and the residual effect in different periods of storage, and additionally the lethal concentrations (CL50 and CL90) were determined. The contact toxicity test and order to the oviposition and emergence rates of C. maculatus was carried out in Petri dishes, using 6 concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 μL/20g). In the residual test, the cowpeas were submitted to different storage periods (0, 30 and 60 days). The results showed that the C. blanchetianus essential oil showed contact toxicity on the beetle C. maculatus. It was observed that lethal concentrations were considered low. This oil also reduced oviposition and emergence of adults. On the other hand, during different periods of storage the oil's action diminished, presenting potential to be used in management programs of C. maculatus in stored beans.Keywords: botanical insecticides; Bruchinae; stored grains; Vigna unguiculate.
MICRORGANISMOS E SEUS PRODUTOS DE FERMENTAÇÃO INTERFEREM NA QUALIDADE DE SEMENTES E PLÂNTULAS DE MILHO?
Authors: Moura Álisson Queiroz , Raimundo Erikson Kadoshe de Morais , Balduino Barbara Chrys Gomes , Soares Ailsa Cristiane Arcanjo , Forti Victor Augusto
Published: August 2020

A microbiota do solo e suas funções ecológicas são responsáveis por relações diretas e indiretas com a planta. Objetivou-se avaliar a sanidade e germinação em sementes de milho, bem como a emergência e desenvolvimento de plântulas submetidas a microrganismos capturados de dois ambientes. Sementes de milho foram inoculadas ou irrigadas com microrganismos e seus produtos de fermentação, provenientes de duas áreas (mata ou cultivo de cana-de-açúcar) sob diferentes concentrações e avaliadas quanto a porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, sanidade em teste em BOD, além da emergência, altura de plântula, massa de matéria seca da parte aérea e raiz e volume de raiz em ensaios em bandejas com solo. Não houve comprometimento na germinação, independentemente do tratamento utilizado. Houve a mitigação de Aspergillus spp. e Penicillium spp., porém, a potencialização de Fusarium spp em condições de laboratório sob aplicação de 50 e 100% de microrganismos capturados da área de mata e cana. De forma geral, houve efeito negativo da aplicação do tratamento sobre os parâmetros fisiológicos, provocados provavelmente por desequilíbrio na ecologia microbiana associado a sementes e plântulas.Palavras-chave: Fusarium spp.; microrganismos eficientes; ecossistemas. DO MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR FERMENTATION PRODUCTS INTERFER ON SEED AND SEEDLINGS CORN QUALITY? ABSTRACT: Soil microbiota and its ecological functions are responsible for direct and indirect relations with the plant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the corn seeds health and germination and seedling emergence and development submitted to microorganisms captured from two environments. Corn seeds were inoculated or irrigated with microorganisms and their fermentation products, coming from two areas (forest or sugarcane cultivation) under different concentrations and evaluated for the germination percentage, germination speed index, health in test in BOD, seedling emergence, seedling height, shoot and root dry matter mass, and root volume in soil tray tests. There was no effect on germination, regardless of the treatment used. There was mitigation of Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp., but the increase of Fusarium spp occurrence in laboratory conditions under concentration of 50 and 100% of microorganisms captured from the forest and sugarcane areas. In general, there was a negative effect of all treatments on physiological parameters, probably caused by an imbalance in the microbial ecology associated with seeds and seedlings.Keywords: Fusarium spp.; efficient microorganisms; ecosystems.
COEFICIENTES DE SIMILARIDADE PARA AVALIAÇÃO DA DIVERSIDADE GENÉTICA EM PINHÃO-MANSO POR MARCADORES ISSR
Authors: Tomaz Francisco Linco de Souza , Silva Ana Paula Moura da , Araújo Linda Brenna Ribeiro , Neto Jonas Cunha , Bertini Cândida Hermínia Campos de Magalhães
Published: August 2020

Objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar a eficiência da utilização de diferentes coeficientes de similaridade na estimação da diversidade genética de Jatropha curcas L. utilizando marcadores moleculares ISSR. O DNA genômico foi extraído a partir de folhas jovens de 43 acessos de pinhão-manso. Matrizes de dissimilaridade genética foram obtidas a partir dos coeficientes Baroni, Coincidência Simples, Hamann, Índice II, Índice III, Jaccard, Nei e Li, Ochiai I, Ochiai II, Rogers e Tanimoto e Sokal e Sneath. Os dendrogramas foram construídos utilizando o método UPGMA e comparados mediante os parâmetros de coeficiente de correlação cofenético, estresse e distorção. Foram estimadas as correlações entre os pares de matrizes pelo teste de Mantel. Houve concordância entre as matrizes originais e as matrizes resultantes do processo de agrupamento para todos os coeficientes estudados. Os índices de Jaccard e Nei e Li não diferiram quanto ao ordenamento dos acessos avaliados e permitiram maior discriminação destes, sendo os mais adequados para avaliar a diversidade genética em pinhão-manso baseada em marcadores moleculares ISSR.Palavras-chave: dissimilaridade genética; análise de agrupamento; Jatropha curcas L. SIMILARITY COEFFICIENTS FOR EVALUATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN JATROPHA BY ISSR MARKERS ABSTRACT:The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of using different similarity coefficients in the estimation of Jatropha curcas L. genetic diversity using ISSR molecular markers. Genomic DNA was extracted from young leaves of the 43 jatropha accessions. Genetic dissimilarity matrices were obtained from the Baroni, Simple Matching, Hamann, Index II, Index III, Jaccard, Nei and Li, Ochiai I, Ochiai II, Rogers and Tanimoto and Sokal and Sneath coefficients. The dendrograms were constructed using the UPGMA method and compared using the co-phenetic correlation coefficient, stress and distortion parameters. Correlations between pairs of matrices were estimated by the Mantel test. There was agreement between the original matrices and the matrices resulting from the grouping process for all the studied coefficients. The Jaccard and Nei and Li indices did not differ in terms of the order of the evaluated accessions and allowed for greater discrimination of these, being the most suitable for assessing genetic diversity in physic nut based on ISSR molecular markers.Keywords: genetic dissimilarity; cluster analysis; Jatropha curcas L.
Abordaje de pericarditis aguda y recurrente
Authors: Sandoval Loría Daniel Francisco , Vásquez Jiménez María Sinaí , Murillo Saviano José Alfredo
Published: August 2020

La pericarditis aguda es la principal enfermedad pericárdica motivo de consulta en los servicios de urgencias que además genera más morbimortalidad. Las etiologías son variadas pero la más común es la pericarditis aguda de origen infeccioso principalmente de causa viral, aunque muchas de estas son de etiología indeterminada. Un síndrome directamente relacionado con la pericarditis aguda es la pericarditis recurrente la cual genera gran morbilidad en los pacientes afectados. El diagnóstico tanto de la pericarditis aguda como de la pericarditis recurrente se basa en el examen físico e historia clínica, hallazgos electrocardiográficos y ecográficos. Los pilares del tratamiento son la terapia medica con AINEs, colchicina y esteroides.