bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relation of Muslim and Christian Community: Hermeneutic Contribution to Create the Third Space in the Communities
Authors: D. Coblentz Eric
Published: July 2021

One of the social conflicts caused by the false understanding of religion often occurs, making horizontal and vertical conflicts in social life. Nevertheless, there is a way to resolve the inter-religious conflict called a ‘third space community.’ This article seeks to answer how we should interpret Jesus in two different religious communities (Islam and Christian)? With Martin Buber’s hermeneutic approach to ‘I-Thou,’ this paper describes an understanding of the “term of religions” to interpret each other in the two religious communities. Multicultural communication as a form of interpretation of the “third space” is a middle way to resolve conflicts. Thus, this paper is expected that the understanding of Jesus is not a source of division but rather a limitation of religion, culture, and horizons for its adherents. Referring to Gadamer’s concept, a one-sided understanding will prevent each society (Islam and Christian) from interpreting Jesus. Afterward, this article suggests that the understanding of Jesus let the community fully interpret it.
Men who stare at bone: multimodal monitoring of bone healing
Authors: Schulze Sabine , Rothe Rebecca , Neuber Christin , Hauser Sandra , Ullrich Martin , Pietzsch Jens , Rammelt Stefan
Published: July 2021

Knowledge of the physiological and pathological processes, taking place in bone during fracture healing or defect regeneration, is essential in order to develop strategies to enhance bone healing under normal and critical conditions. Preclinical testing allows a wide range of imaging modalities that may be applied both simultaneously and longitudinally, which will in turn lower the number of animals needed to allow a comprehensive assessment of the healing process. This work provides an up-to-date review on morphological, functional, optical, biochemical, and biophysical imaging techniques including their advantages, disadvantages and potential for combining them in a multimodal and multiscale manner. The focus lies on preclinical testing of biomaterials modified with artificial extracellular matrices in various animal models to enhance bone remodeling and regeneration.
“Do not use the word anthropology!”: On the struggle of artistic and scientific selves in anthropological film-making
Authors: Lutherová Soňa G.
Published: July 2021

In our everyday lives, we often have to blend our different roles and various selves. Sometimes, they coexist in harmony. But there are times when they come into conflict, and we have to make a significant effort to get them back in balance. This paper focuses on my scientific/artistic practice in anthropological documentary film-making. Drawing on two films I have directed, I reflect on situations where I needed to compromise my different roles and perspectives on the film set and beyond. My actions and decisions have drawn on anthropological principles in documentary film-making. Through my autoethnographic reflection, I have come to the inevitable conclusion that in anthropological film-making, anthropology cannot be dominant nor submissive to storytelling. It should be the principle that guides the author (director) in achieving their focus and in creating the meaning of the story.
A provocative dissonance: Evocative academic writing
Authors: Baum Joshua Bernard
Published: July 2021

Most academics write in a dispassionate, third-person voice. That stylistic choice is so expected in academic contexts that when an evocative, first-person voice is used instead, it feels unsettling and out of place to many of us. But why should we react so negatively to such a subversion of expectations? Is it because of the subversion itself, or is it because of an inherent incompatibility between evocative writing and realist analytical traditions? In this paper I’ll show that the freedom of first-person, evocative writing in autoethnography is a strength to be embraced rather than something to be avoided. I’ll further show how offering readers a more complete sensory understanding of experience and meaning isn’t incompatible with realist analytical traditions. I will do this through an exploration of my current research on childhood sexual abuse, which has inspired me to set aside my initial unease with evocative writing and embark on a journey from autoethnographic skeptic to advocate.
Public Employees Restrictions on Political Activity in Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom
Authors: O’Brien Margaret
Published: July 2021

The political rights of public employees vary greatly in scope and depth across democratic societies. While some countries balance the need for a neutral government with the rights of its employees, others fail to provide meaningful avenues for expression of political activities. As the civil service has grown and become more vocal, the government’s desire for an impartial government has grown with it. Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom, three Westminster-style governments who evolved from a once singular legal system, have adopted laws and regulations to address their employees’ political activities with varying effectiveness and form. This Article will analyze each country’s legal framework for these restrictions, within their larger free speech regime. In particular, this Article will use candidacy and social media activity as a lens to examine these restrictions and provide examples for how these restrictions most commonly effect civil servants’ political activities. Although each regime has successes and failures at balancing the government’s need for impartiality with the civil service’s rights to expression, Canada has most successfully established a balance between the government’s interests in neutrality with their employee’s rights to political expression.
The Right to Assisted Dying: Constitutional Jurisprudence and Its Impact in Canada, Germany and Austria
Authors: Braun Kerstin
Published: July 2021

Many states are grappling with the regulation of assistance in suicide and ending the life of another upon their request. Initially punishable in most countries, a growing number of jurisdictions have now introduced permissive frameworks decriminalising, to varying degrees, rendering assistance in dying. Other countries, however, have proceeded with the criminal prohibition and several courts have upheld the lawfulness of the respective criminal laws during human rights and constitutional challenges. Yet, the Supreme Court of Canada in 2015, the German Federal Constitutional Court in February 2020 and the Austrian Constitutional Court in December 2020 have respectively declared unconstitutional and void national criminal laws prohibiting rendering assistance in dying. This article first outlines the criminal law framework relating to assisted dying in Canada, Germany and Austria. It subsequently analyses the judgments before pondering their impact on the legal landscape in the three countries. The article concludes that while the Canadian Supreme Court decision appears to have had a significant impact on the introduction of subsequent legislation in Canada, the effects of the Constitutional Courts’ judgments seem much more subdued in Germany and are yet to unfold in Austria.
Representing nonhuman animals as equals: An ecolinguistic analysis of vegan campaigns
Authors: Zhdanava Alena , Kaur Surinderpal , Rajandran Kumaran
Published: July 2021

Ecolinguistics studies the interactions between language and ecology. It investigates whether the stories created by language are destructive or beneficial to all the constituents of the environment. In search of positive stories for our environment, this article focuses on vegan campaigns which generally bring awareness about veganism that, in turn, advocates protection of nonhuman animals and abstention from their exploitation. Nonhuman animals are part of the ecosystem and the way they are portrayed in language may determine the relationship between human and nonhuman animals. As vegan campaigns refer to nonhuman animals as sentient living beings, it is important to analyze whether the language and image of these campaigns articulate their purposes and create beneficial stories for nonhuman species. This article explores the stories regarding nonhuman animals in 27 posters of the vegan campaign “Go Vegan World” and examines how these stories are shaped and whether they are aligned with vegan values. The study is approached from an ecolinguistic perspective with a focus on multimodality where the language was analyzed through van Leeuwen’s Social Actor and Social Action theory, and the image was analyzed with Kress and van Leeuwen’s Grammar of Visual Design. Further, the analysis involves the ecosophy defined as a personal ecological philosophy of relationships between human and nonhuman animals, plants, and the physical environment. The findings suggest that the campaign language and image shape three stories: salience where nonhuman animals are individuals with their own feelings and lives; conviction that nonhuman animals matter as much as humans; ideology where biocentrism is promoted. By comparing these stories with the article’s ecosophy, an ecolinguistic analysis showed that they are largely beneficial in representing nonhuman animals as sentient living beings who are equal to humans.
Patience Alone is not Enough – A Guide for the Preparation of Low-Defect Sections from Pure Copper
Authors: Lößlein S. M. , Kasper M. , Merz R. , Pauly C. , Müller D. W. , Kopnarski M. , Mücklich F.
Published: July 2021

The preparation of metallographic sections from soft metals such as pure copper constitutes a particular challenge: the high degree of ductility promotes the formation of preparation artifacts and complicates the preparation of homogeneous, low-deformation surfaces. A metallographic preparation routine is therefore presented which has proven effective for pure copper and which can also be applied to additionally soft annealed samples. The subsequent removal of fine crystalline deformation layers is discussed and different setups for electropolishing and its optimization are presented.
Pigment Analysis Using Techniques from the Field of Materials Science – a Contribution to the Restoration of the “Frankfurt Kitchen”
Authors: Pauly C. , Frost K. , Slawik S. , Mücklich F. , Väth R. , Schepp P.P.
Published: July 2021

For the chemical and structural analysis of paint pigments from a historic “Frankfurt Kitchen”, a correlative approach was employed, using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy complemented by X-ray phase analysis. This paper will demonstrate how metallographic techniques can be used for issues beyond our traditional area of activity.
Bunda
Authors: Boscatti Ana Paula Garcia
Published: July 2021

This research aims to understand the process that led to the consecration of the butt as a cultural product at a time when the mass culture in Brazil was expanding and the military-corporate dictatorship consolidated the political regime of heterosexuality. The transformations in the visibility status of the city of Rio de Janeiro, which followed the strengthening of mass tourism, allowed that the female body incarnated in a carioca incorporated new models of Brazilianness. In this context, the butt emerged as a possible sign as well as an agent of history, since it mediated an economy of gender, race, class, and sexuality that circulated through consumption. This visual economy favored new biopolitical models that negotiated the evolution of national “nature” through the perfect body. In this sense, this article seeks to map out regulatory models and to expose the structures of power and knowledge that sought to produce regimes of truth about the national body. Supported by elements of mass culture (goods, images, services, etc.) this work investigates the ways through which the butt was co-opted by power as a part of Brazilian visual culture, supporting the global commercialization of Brazilian bioesthetics.
Clinical and genetic characteristics in patients under 30 years with sporadic pituitary adenomas
Authors: Martínez de LaPiscina Idoia , Portillo Najera Nancy , Rica Itxaso , Gaztambide Sonia , Webb Susan M , Santos Alicia , Moure Maria Dolores , Paja Fano Miguel , Hernandez Maria Isabel , Chueca-Guindelain Maria Jesús , Hernández-Ramírez Laura Cristina , Soto Alfonso , Valdés Nuria , Castaño Luis
Published: July 2021

Objective

Pituitary adenomas (PA) are rare in young patients, and additional studies are needed to fully understand their pathogenesis in this population. We describe the clinical and genetic characteristics of apparently sporadic PA in a cohort of young patients.

Design

Clinical and molecular analysis of 235 patients (age ≤ 30 years) with PA. Clinicians from several Spanish and Chilean hospitals provided data.

Methods

Genetic screening was performed via next-generation sequencing and comparative genomic hybridization array. Clinical variables were compared among paediatric, adolescent (<19 years) and young adults’ (≥19–30 years) cohorts and types of adenomas. Phenotype–genotype associations were examined.

Results

Among the total cohort, mean age was 17.3 years. Local mass effect symptoms were present in 22.0%, and prolactinomas were the most frequent (44.7%). Disease-causing germline variants were identified in 22 individuals (9.3%), more exactly in 13.1 and 4.7% of the populations aged between 0–19 and 19–30 years, respectively; genetically positive patients were younger at diagnosis and had larger tumour size. Healthy family carriers were also identified.

Conclusions

Variants in genes associated with syndromic forms of PAs were detected in a large cohort of apparently sporadic pituitary tumours. We have identified novel variants in well-known genes and set the possibility of incomplete disease penetrance in carriers of MEN1 alterations or a limited clinical expression of the syndrome. Despite the low penetrance observed, screening of AIP and MEN1 variants in young patients and relatives is of clinical value.
Expression and role of resistin on steroid secretion in the porcine corpus luteum
Authors: Kurowska Patrycja , Sroka Monika , Dawid Monika , Mlyczyńska Ewa , Respekta Natalia , Jurek Małgorzata , Klimczyk Dominika , Grzesiak Małgorzata , Dupont Joelle , Rak Agnieszka
Published: July 2021

Resistin plays an important role in adipogenesis, obesity, insulin resistance, and reproduction. Previous studies showed resistin action on ovarian follicular cells; however, whether resistin regulates steroid secretion in luteal cells is still unknown. Our aim was first to determine the expression of resistin and its potential receptors (tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)) in the porcine corpus luteum (CL), regulation of its expression, effect on kinases phosphorylation, and luteal steroidogenesis. Our results showed that the expression of resistin and its receptors was dependent on the luteal phase and this was higher at the mRNA level in the late compared with the early and middle luteal phase. At the opposite, resistin protein expression was higher in the middle and late compared with the early luteal phase, while ROR1 and TLR4 expression was highest in the early luteal phase. Additionally, we observed cytoplasmic localisation of resistin, ROR1, and TLR4 in small and large luteal cells. We found that luteinising hormone, progesterone (P4), insulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 regulated the protein level of resistin, ROR1, and TLR4. Resistin decreased P4 and increased oestradiol (E2) secretion via changes in steroidogenic enzymes expression and via the activation of protein kinase A (PKA) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP3/1), increased the expression of receptors LHCGR and ESR2 and decreased the expression of PGR. Moreover, resistin decreased PKA phosphorylation and enhanced MAP3/1 phosphorylation. Taken together, resistin could act directly on steroid synthesis and serve as an important factor in in vivo luteal cell function.
La construcción identitaria de los raperos(as) en los temas de la protesta y la calle
Authors: Ángeles Alain
Published: July 2021

En el presente artículo se muestra la construcción identitaria en el discurso oral de canciones creadas por un sector representativo de raperos(as) en Morelia, Michoacán, concretamente, en función de dos temas: la calle y la protesta. El fin es entender la percepción que tienen de sí mismos, ante los demás y en  distintos marcos de sus piezas. Todo bajo la hipótesis de que allí ofrecen una identidad multidimensional en constante cambio conforme su situación comunicativa y temporal.
Rap-agencia frente a la narco violencia. Análisis crítico del discurso de canciones de los raperos de García, Nuevo León, México
Authors: Mejía Rosas Erik
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cómo los raperos habitantes de un municipio de la periferia  metropolitana de Monterrey, México, hacen frente a la violencia derivada por la guerra contra el narcotráfico  través de sus canciones. La metodología utilizada además de la etnografía y la observación participante, se  basa principalmente en el Análisis Crítico del Discurso de las rimas de los raperos, con una adaptación de la  propuesta de Bonet (2012) utilizada por Araiza y González (2016), donde se analiza lo siguiente: 1) la posición  del autor, 2) la interacción comunicativa, 3) sujetos y agencias, 4) interdiscursividad y 5) relaciones de poder.  Con el análisis se demostró que los raperos construyen sus experiencias utilizando el rap como recurso  cultural y desarrollando su agencia creativa para hacer frente a la violencia derivada de la guerra contra el  narcotráfico. Las características encontradas en sus líricas son las siguientes: 1) evaden temáticas directas  sobre el narco; 2) tratan levemente aspectos de la violencia derivada por la guerra contra el narcotráfico; 3)  exponen y/o proponen alternativas para hacer frente a las violencias; 4) tratan de concientizar a los oyentes a  través de sus letras, es decir, rapear una experiencia para generar un cambio.
Análisis sistemático sobre estrés laboral en Colombia
Authors: Salamanca Velandia Sandra Rocío , Garavito Santander Yury Stephany
Published: July 2021

El propósito de esta investigación fue elaborar una revisión documental de forma exhaustiva sobre los diferentes artículos encontrados en las diferentes revistas psicológicas y repositorios a nivel nacional sobre estrés laboral en Colombia (2013-2018). Donde se analizó y destaco desde un enfoque psicosocial, el concepto de estrés laboral, los principales modelos que tratan de explicar este fenómeno, las causas y consecuencias perjudiciales que se originan en el individuo y en la organización.  

Se encontraron mayor cantidad de artículos sobre la temática en repositorios puesto que en total fueron 29 de 55 datos totales. En base a los resultados se pudo evidenciar que el 2014 y 2017 fueron los dos años donde más revistas se obtuvieron sobre estrés laboral y que las ciudades en las que se encontraron la mayor parte de las revistas referentes al tema investigado fueron Medellín y Bogotá que equivalen al 69.09% del total de los datos.
Special Issue Editorial: Crowd AI for Good
Authors: Ostermann Frank O. , Kloetzer Laure , Ponti Marisa , Schade Sven
Published: July 2021

This special issue editorial of Human Computation on the topic "Crowd AI for Good" motivates explorations at the intersection of artificial intelligence and citizen science, and introduces a set of papers that exemplify related community activities and new directions in the field.
Synthesis of TiO2 via modified sol-gel method and its use in carbonized medium-density fiberboard for toluene decomposition
Authors: Lee Min , Park Sang-Bum , Mun Sung-Phil
Published: July 2021

A solution-type TiO2-based photocatalyst for the decomposition of volatile organic compounds was synthesized using a modified sol-gel method under either alcohol (ethanol or isopropanol) or aqueous conditions. Anatase-type TiO2 was successfully synthesized with additional hydrothermal treatment using either type of medium. However, the aqueous condition for TiO2 synthesis was more convenient for the formation of anatase-type TiO2. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis data, the optimal hydrothermal treatment temperature was 80 °C for anatase-type TiO2 formation; at temperatures below 80 °C or above 90 °C, mostly rutile-type TiO2 was formed. The synthesized anatase-type TiO2 solution was applied to the surface of carbonized medium-density fiberboard (c-MDF). The anatase-type TiO2 on c-MDF showed good maintenance of toluene decomposition performance even after repeated use for 14 weeks.
Extending the durability of old books by atomized deacidification and reinforcement treatments
Authors: Fan Huiming , Guo Mingfeng , Mou Hongyan , Liu Jianan , Li Jiahe
Published: July 2021

Old books suffer from aging and deterioration spurred by acidification, oxidation, and other factors. To preserve these important historical documents, it is important to implement deacidification and reinforcement methods to extend their durability. In this study, microdroplets of 75 g/L sodium hydroxide solution were atomized before being utilized to neutralize acidity in the paper. As well, styrene acrylic latex was diluted to 10 times for atomization to function as a reinforcing agent. In addition to studying these methods individually, the effects of simultaneous deacidification and reinforcement were also studied.
Esterification of solid wood for plastic forming
Authors: Abe Mitsuru , Enomoto Yukiko , Seki Masako , Miki Tsunehisa
Published: July 2021

Plastic formation from wood has recently attracted immense attention as a new method of producing three-dimensional materials by only one press. In this study, hydroxyl groups in (block-shaped) wood were replaced with ester groups to realize plastic formation. FT-IR measurements indicated that most of the hydroxyl groups in the block-shaped wood were replaced by ester groups after 4 h of treatment. The thermal properties of the esterified wood were investigated; the modulus of elasticity decreased remarkably when heated. Particularly, propionylated wood demonstrated a distinct softening point at relatively low temperatures, demonstrating its thermoplasticity. Additionally, the propionylated wood was stretched extensively by pressing with heat, showing its fluidity. Observation of the end grain of the esterified wood samples after pressing revealed that slippage occurred between the cells, resulting in the bulk flow of the wood. Finally, plastic formation using propionylated wood as the raw material was attempted, and a cup-shaped three-dimensional product was successfully formed. Contact angle measurements demonstrated that the cup-shaped molded product exhibited high water resistance. Thereafter, re-forming was attempted, using crushed fragments of the cup-shaped molded product, and a plate-shaped product was successfully re-formed. Thus, esterification is a promising method for increasing fluidity in solid wood, helping to enable its utilization in plastic forming.
Foam forming under dynamic conditions
Authors: Lehmonen Jani , Retulainen Elias , Kraft Marko , Paltakari Jouni , Kinnunen-Raudaskoski Karita
Published: July 2021

Using foam as a carrier fluid in papermaking gives interesting new opportunities. Foam as a more viscous fluid than water is expected to behave differently in a dynamic process. This study presents results obtained under dynamic forming conditions in a semi-pilot scale research environment. Effects of process configurations and running conditions on increased forming speed, web properties, and difference between water-laid and foam-laid processes are shown. The studies were carried out using a water-laid former and the same environment modified for foam forming. In order to achieve increased forming speed, the open headbox was replaced with a closed headbox, and the former geometry was updated. The process foam was boosted with an additional foam pulper. The foam pulper was used as a machine chest for improving the dispersion of fibers into the foam. A much broader tensile strength ratio range (~3 to 8) was achieved with foam forming than with water-laid forming. Foam-laid paper had a broader pore size distribution and higher mean pore size. Formation and the formation spectra of foam-laid sheets were more uniform, leading to improvements in the properties of the fiber network.
Optimization of pretreating poplar wood shavings with cellulase to produce binderless fiberboard using response surface methodology
Authors: Wu Jianguo , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhang Zhao , Luo Xuanxian , Wang Chi , Zhong Zhiqing , Qian Dong , Zhang Tong
Published: July 2021

Wood processing waste, poplar wood shavings, were used for fiberboard production, and the pretreatment conditions using cellulase were studied using response surface methodology (RSM). After single factors optimization, central level of temperature, dosage, and liquid/solid ratio (LSR) of cellulase pretreatment conditions were obtained. Further optimization to study the influence of the factors was carried out using Box-Behnken design of experiments. A second-order polynomial equation was obtained, and the low p-value (<0.007) implied that the model was highly significant by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimized cellulase pretreatment conditions for maximum bending strength (BS) of the fiberboard were determined by ridge analysis as 44.4 °C of temperature, 1.23 U/g of dosage, 4.2 of LSR, and 5 h of pretreatment time. Under the optimized conditions, the BS of the fiberboard reached 25.12 ± 0.35 MPa by validation experiment, which was twice that of the fiberboard without pretreatment. Thus, the cellulase pretreatment should be a good choice to produce high-strength binderless fiberboard.
Комплексний розвиток технічної та фізичної підготовленості тенісисток 7-8 років
Authors: Шевченко Олег , Коваль Святослав , Мерзлікін Максим
Published: July 2021

Мета: дослідити зміни показників технічної та фізичної підготовленості тенісисток 7-8 років під впливом занять за програмою ДЮСШ.

Матеріал і методи: теоретичний аналіз та узагальнення науково-методичних літературних джерел; тестування технічної та фізичної підготовленості, педагогічний експеримент, методи математичної статистики. У дослідженні брали участь 12 дівчат віком 7–8 років групи початкової підготовки 2 року навчання.

Результати: отримані достовірні зміни показників фізичної підготовленості тенісисток у метанні тенісного м’яча на дальність на 39,8% (t=3,70, p<0,01), у хваті гімнастичної палиці, що падає, на 12,7% (t=5,00, p<0,001), у човниковому бігу у 5 напрямах з ракетками «Віяло» на 8,9% (t=2,40, p<0,05). В інших контрольних вправах були отримані позитивні зміни, але не мали достовірних результатів (p>0,05). В технічній підготовленості отримані позитивні достовірні зміни у вправах: удар з відскоку від стінки на 33,3% (t=2,20, p<0,05) та в ударі з відскоку через сітку з кошика тренера на 56,4% (t=2,70, p<0,05). Правильно підібрані вправи з фізичної підготовки дали змогу тенісисткам своєчасно підходити до м’яча для виконання удару і покращити результати тестування. Виявлено, що покращення показників у стрибках в довжину, метання тенісного м’яча на дальність і точність сприяло підвищенню значимості кореляційних зв’язків до середнього та високого рівнів показників в ударах з відскоку від стінки та через сітку, в подачі.

Висновки: впровадження методики комплексного розвитку фізичних якостей та технічної підготовленості за програмою ДЮСШ сприяло достовірним змінам показників. Визначилися шляхи для подальшого удосконалення швидкісних, швидкісно-силових та координаційних здібностей, подачі та ударів по м’ячу тенісисток.

Ключові слова: тенісистки, фізична підготовленість, показники, технічні прийоми.
Особливості виконання передач м'яча кращими командами прем'єр- та першої ліги україни з футболу
Authors: Абдула Анатолій
Published: July 2021

Мета: визначити показники виконання передач м'яча у футболі команд різної кваліфікації.

Матеріал і методи: реєстрація передач м'яча здійснювалася на прикладі кращих команд Прем’єр-ліги: «Динамо» Київ, «Шахтар» Донецьк, «Зоря» Луганськ та лідерів Першої ліги України: «Верес» Рівне, «Чорноморець» Одеса, «Металіст 1925» Харків сезону 2020/2021 р. Всього було проаналізовано 90 футбольних матчів. Для вирішення поставлених задач в роботі застосовувалися такі методи дослідження: аналіз науково-методичної літератури, реєстрація передач м'яча під час гри, методи математичної статистики.

Результати: у статті представлено дані щодо виконання передач м'яча кращими командами Прем'єр- та Першої ліги України з футболу. Проведений аналіз ефективності загальної кількості передач м'яча, передач вперед, довгих передач, передач в останню третину поля, передач в розріз та визначався темп гри кожної з команд. Встановлені відмінності використання передач м'яча кращими командами Прем’єр-ліги: «Динамо» Київ, «Шахтар» Донецьк, «Зоря» Луганськ та лідерів Першої ліги України: «Верес» Рівне, «Чорноморець» Одеса, «Металіст 1925» Харків сезону 2020/2021 р.

Висновки: дані дослідження свідчать про відмінності використання передач м'яча командами різної кваліфікації у чемпіонаті та першості України з футболу сезону 2020/2021 р. Так, відзначається, що у команд більш високого рівня кращі показники загальної кількості передач та передач м'яча в розріз, а кількість довгих передач значно нижча.

Ключові слова: передачі м'яча, тактика, ефективність, темп гри.
En alerta la comunidad científica ambiental internacional
Authors: Goyo de Moreno Maria Elena , Camejo-Ruiz Armando José
Published: July 2021

El panorama estremecedor desglosado en el capítulo anterior ha puesto en alerta a la comu-nidad científica ambiental internacional que, a pesar de existir el Convenio Ramsar, firmado en Irán en 1971, siendo su principal objetivo “la conservación y el uso racional de los humedales mediante acciones locales, regionales y nacionales y gracias a la cooperación internacional, como contribución al logro de un desarrollo sostenible en todo el mundo”, en su lista existen al menos dos mil humedales en 160 países, los cuales poseen planes de uso racional para su protección, debido a que presentan alta diversidad biológicva, además de ser regula-dores del clima y controlar las inundaciones, suministrar agua a las poblaciones aledañas y tener gran potencial turístico y recreacional, pero siguen siendo muy pocos los países que acatan este convenio.
How focus particles and accents affect attachment
Authors: Carlson Katy , Potter David
Published: July 2021

This project shows that focus and information structure, as indicated by the focus particle “only” and pitch accents, influence syntactic attachment, in contrast to the well-known effects of prosodic boundaries on attachment. One written questionnaire, one completion study, and several auditory questionnaires show that the position of “only” strongly affects attachment preferences in ambiguous sentences, while contrastive pitch accents have smaller effects. The two types of focus marking do not interact but independently impact attachment. These results support a modified version of the Focus Attraction Hypothesis, with ambiguous material drawn to attach to the most important information in a sentence. This research shows that information structure can affect sentence structure as well as discourse coherence.
Application of a soil quality triad in assessing ecological risk posed to croplands
Authors: Du Preez Gerhard C. , Fourie Hendrika , Daneel Mieke S. , Wepener Victor
Published: July 2021

Healthy soil ecosystems fulfil multiple functions (e.g. cycling nutrients and controlling pests), which play an important role in sustainable food production. However, the application of polluted irrigation water poses a major risk to soil quality (health) and warrants investigation to ultimately inform decision-making. We hypothesised that the standardised soil quality TRIAD approach (ISO 19204), which integrates the chemistry, ecology, and ecotoxicology lines of evidence, can be used as part of an ecological risk assessment of cropland soils. To investigate the applicability of this approach in an agricultural setting, we collected soils from croplands associated with the Hartbeespoort and Crocodile (West) irrigation schemes, which utilise water known to be heavily impacted by anthropogenic (metal, nutrient, and salt) pollution. Croplands associated with the Marico-Bosveld Irrigation Scheme served as the reference systems. Data from the three lines of evidence were scaled, weighted, and integrated. Moderate risk was evidenced for nutrient and salt content in most croplands associated with the Hartbeespoort Irrigation Scheme. However, either no or low risk was recorded for the ecology and ecotoxicology lines of evidence. Finally, the integrated risk assessment concluded that only low ecological risk was posed to soil quality, likely as a result of agricultural activities (e.g. tillage and fertiliser application) that deteriorated soils also at the reference system. This study shows important limitations in the application of ecological risk assessments in conventionally farmed soils, but still holds promise for organic and conservation systems.

Significance:

A pollution linkage between irrigation water and cropland soils was evidenced, but presented only minimal risk to soil quality.

Conventional agricultural practices (e.g. tillage) mask the risk posed by environmental pollution and impair the applicability of ecological risk assessments.

It is possible that this approach can be applied in less disturbed crop production systems, for example in conservation (regenerative) and organic croplands.
What is the role of zooxanthellae during coral bleaching? Review of zooxanthellae and their response to environmental stress
Authors: Curran Anuschka , Barnard Sandra
Published: July 2021

Coral reefs are diverse and productive but sensitive ecosystems. Due to the impact of climate change, these organisms are in danger of dying out, mainly through the process of coral bleaching, which is the process by which zooxanthellae (algal endosymbionts) are expelled from their respective coral hosts, causing the coral to lose colour and become white. Coral bleaching has been linked to increases in sea surface temperatures as well as an increase in light intensity. We reviewed the different zooxanthellae taxa and their ecological traits, as well as the information available on the protective mechanisms present in zooxanthellae cells when they experience environmental stress conditions, such as temperature fluctuations, specifically concentrating on heat shock proteins and their response to antioxidant stress. The eight clades (A–H) previously recognised were reorganised into seven existing genera. Different zooxanthellae taxa exhibit different ecological traits such as their photosynthetic stress responses to light and temperature. Zooxanthellae have the ability to regulate the number and type of heat shock proteins (Hsps) they produce during a heat response. They can also regulate the host’s respective Hsps. Antioxidant responses that can prevent coral hosts from expelling the zooxanthellae, can be found both within exposed coral tissue and the zooxanthellae cells. Despite the lower likelihood of bleaching in South African coral reefs, genetic engineering presents a useful tool to understand and adapt traits within zooxanthellae genotypes to help mitigate coral bleaching in the future.Significance:

Coral bleaching is the expulsion of zooxanthellae (algal symbionts) from the respective coral host, mainly due to elevated sea surface temperatures and light intensities, but numerous other factors, such as changes concerning salinity (ocean acidification), may also cause coral bleaching, although to a much lesser extent.

A specific clade of zooxanthellae can be linked to their coral host’s susceptibility to variation in oceanic temperatures, most probably by regulating both the host’s respective heat shock proteins as well as their own.

South African reefs have not experienced coral bleaching to the same degree as elsewhere in the world, mainly due to their unique reef topography and oceanic currents.

Genetic bioengineering of zooxanthellae cells provides a plausible solution to save southern African coral reefs before it is too late.
PHASE-TRANSFORMATION DYNAMICS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PRECIPITATES IN THE Cu-3Ti-3Ni-0.5Si ALLOY
Authors: Liu Jia , Liu Jituo , Wang Xianhui , Fu Chong , Wang Yanlong , Lu Linlin , Zheng Jing
Published: July 2021

In this paper we investigated the phase-transformation dynamics of the Cu-3Ti-3Ni-0.5Si alloy by applying the Avrami method to phase-transformation dynamics and electrical conductivity based on the relationship between the electrical conductivity and the volume fraction of precipitates in the Cu-3Ti-3Ni-0.5Si alloy. The results corroborated well with the experimental data. The microstructure and precipitated phases were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The analysis of the selected-area electron-diffraction patterns indicated that the precipitates formed in the matrix of the Cu-3Ti-3Ni-0.5Si alloy during aging, correspond to the Ni3Ti, Ni3Si, and Ni2Si phases. According to the values of formation enthalpy and cohesive energy determined by first-principle calculations, the formation of the Ni2Si phase is more favorable compared to the Ni3Si and Ni3Ti phases, and the Ni3Ti exhibits improved structural stability compared to the Ni2Si and Ni3Si phases.
OXIDIZER AND GAS-ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS ON AFTERBURNING REACTIONS AND EXPLOSION PERFORMANCES OF HMX-BASED THERMOBARIC EXPLOSIVES
Authors: Xiao Wei , Xu Wenting , Li Jian , Yang Mingfu , Chen Kun , Wang Boliang
Published: July 2021

In this paper, confined explosions of HMX-based thermobaric explosives containing oxidizers in a spherical chamber were studied by changing the type of the oxidizer and the oxygen concentration in the environment. Based on an in-house developed optical-electrical system, the optical radiation signals of Al2O3 during the afterburning reaction were recorded. The results show that aluminum particles (5.4 µm) were strongly dependent on the oxygen concentration in the environment. Increasing the oxygen concentration can prolong the oxidation duration of Al and enhance the optical radiation intensity of Al2O3. The optical radiation result for Al2O3 in O2 and air showed that aluminum particles (the mass fraction was 33 %) were not completely oxidized in the air, and the oxidation duration was 500–700 µs. Moreover, the pressure data of the blast waves was obtained using a pressure-measurement system. The results showed that an increase in the oxygen concentration of the explosive could further enhance the total impulse, especially an addition of KP (its mass fraction was 10 %) could increase the total impulse by about 9 %.
INFLUENCE OF A PREFABRICATED-CROWN ROLLING PROCESS ON THE CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF AZ31 MAGNESIUM ALLOY
Authors: Huang Zhiquan , Zou Jinchao , Wang Junpeng , Pei Yanjie , Huang Renyao , Yang Guowei
Published: July 2021

The present study aims to investigate the effect of a prefabricated-crown rolling process on the corrosion characteristic of the AZ31 magnesium alloy. Specimens made of the AZ31 alloy were rolled under various crown conditions, and their microstructure evolution and corrosion behavior were analyzed. The corrosion behavior was studied using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that the corrosion-current density of the AZ31 alloy with a side pressure of 37.5 % of the plate thickness of the precast convexity decreased from 3.79 × 10–6 A/cm2 to 1.80 × 10–6 A/cm2, and the difference between the edge and the middle of the AZ31 alloy was shortened from 2.05 × 10–6 A/cm2 to 1.14 × 10–6 A/cm2. The charge-transfer resistance also increased from 507.1 Ω·cm2 to 581.2 Ω·cm2. The improvement in the corrosion resistance is a result of the more stable corrosion products and microstructure refinement formed after the prefabricated-crown rolling process.
CORROSION-BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS OF A Fe-Al LAYER IN SEAWATER CHARACTERIZED BY STATIC CHEMICAL ETCHING
Authors: Li Ningning , Chen Guang , Sun Guoyuan , Qi Xinhua
Published: July 2021

The static corrosion behavior of a Fe-Al layer was investigated with an immersion test in seawater, using XRD and SEM with EDS, testing the corrosion rate. The results showed that phases -Al2O3, Fe2O3 and MgO were the main corrosion products on the Fe-Al layer surface, while corrosion pits and holes were also observed. It was found that the Fe-Al layer fabricated at 750 °C exhibits a better corrosion resistance, having smaller corrosion pits and holes and also a low corrosion rate. This was related to a good formation ability of the alumina passive film.
OPTIMIZING THE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS FOR THE AFFINITY OF 222Rn WITH CARBON FIBERS
Authors: Cho Yeon Ji , Cho Woo Seok , Choi Sang Sun
Published: July 2021

Radon (222Rn) is a member of the decay chain of 238U. It has been well documented that 222Rn is known to present a risk of lung cancer once inhaled. For practical implementation, this study makes use of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) to uptake 222Rn through environmental variations in the temperature, dosage of the adsorbent and circulate conditions. Here, three ACF samples were prepared via different carbonization and activation temperatures from 850 °C to 900 °C. The observed adsorption characteristics show that low temperature and high surface contact of an adsorbent with rich micropores allow the maximum adsorption of 222Rn. No such correlation was observed in the case of increasing the circulate conditions. However, there was a direct influence on the maximum adsorption capacity once the circulate conditions decreased. In summary, these findings expand the understanding of the adsorption, dependency on the factors and a proper carbonaceous-material design for reducing 222Rn.
Total Nucleic Acids Extraction from Soil v6
Authors: Angel Roey , Petrova Eva , Lara-Rodriguez Ana
Published: July 2021

The following protocol is intended for the simultaneous extraction of DNA and RNA (total nucleic acids, or TNA) from various soil and sediment samples. The protocol was designed based on two protocols published by Henckel et al. (1999) and Griffiths et al. (2000), with several critical modifications. Recently, we have added the option to include an ammonium aluminium sulfate salt for soils with high humic content (Braid et al., 2003). The result is a highly flexible and streamlined protocol, which delivers high yields of nucleic acids with quality suitable for all downstream molecular applications from most types of soil and sediment samples. Please cite Angel et al. (2012).
El Otro y la dinámica de la fantasía en la autolesión cutánea
Authors: Rojas-Zapata Andrés Felipe , Enríquez-Eraso Orlando Lenin , Carvajal-Guzmán Gilberto
Published: July 2021

Este artículo de investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar el lugar que ocupa el Otro en la fantasía que se genera en torno a las autolesiones cutáneas (cutting) en una adolescente que presenta este comportamiento. La metodología se guio por el paradigma cualitativo de investigación, la investigación psicoanalítica con propósitos cognoscitivos y el estudio de caso. Para recolectar la información se llevaron a cabo entrevistas individuales a profundidad y se aplicó la técnica del análisis del discurso. En los resultados y la discusión se describe cómo la autolesión es producto de los significados que el sujeto elabora frente a las dificultades familiares que ha vivido; en este caso, los cortes en la piel, en su fantasía, son un medio para obtener la atención del Otro, dejar de posicionarse como objeto de rechazo y, en consecuencia, ser reconocida como sujeto.
Evolution of Edges and Porosity of Urban Blue Spaces: A Case Study of Gdańsk
Authors: Breś Justyna , Krośnicka Karolina A.
Published: July 2021

Current waterfront studies focus mainly on a land-based perspective, failing to include the water side. Water is, however, not just a resource for port and industrial purposes and an edge to the waterfront; it is also a feature of the waterfront and the complex relation between water and city. Thus, the article suggests that water-land edges need to be re-contextualised, taking into consideration also their shape, functionality, and evolution over time. This article therefore introduces the concept of urban blue spaces, that is, spaces that include at least one land-water edge, such as a shoreline or river edge. The types and character of these edges define the porosity of urban blue spaces: Spaces with easy connections, such as boulevards or parks, are highly porous, while fenced areas have low porosity. The research first analyses the existing literature on the spatial and functional characteristics of the land-water edge in port cities, and explores existing typologies of urban blue spaces. The results of this investigation are used to examine the most iconic urban blue space of Gdańsk, the Motława river, over the last 1000 years. The case study shows that the porosity of the Gdańsk urban blue space has been increasing over time, in line with its spatial and functional development from an undeveloped riverbank to a ‘gated’ port and industry area, to urban living spaces today. The article thus presents the whole breadth of urban blue spaces through the case study of the Motława river urban blue space. The spatial evolution of the urban blue space is depicted through the transformation of its land-water edge—from a natural sloping edge to the dominance of vertical edged structures or ones overhanging the surface of the water, to the emergence of spatially ‘blurred’ sloping, slanted, terraced, and floating structures, partially independent of the riverbank. The transformation of the structure of the Motława urban blue space edges increased its complexity over time, from a single-edge structure to a double and multiple-edged one.
ELI-UNIDROIT MODEL EUROPEAN RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE
Authors: Izarova I.
Published: July 2021

This article provides a general analysis of the Model European Rules of Civil Procedure established in 2020 (hereinafter – the Rules). It describes their structure, defines the purpose and goals, main principles. The author comes to the conclusions regarding the role and importance of these Rules for the further development of civil proceedings, both in the EU Member States and in other countries, in particular, in Ukraine. The important role of the unification of the terminology of civil procedure is identified. In particular, we are talking about such specific institutions of civil procedural law as the principle of cooperation between a judge and parties, the principle of settlement, case management and others, which are absent in Ukrainian national legislation, nevertheless, very important for the scholar research. Second, the scope and main principles of the Rules require rethinking of traditional approaches to regulating the relationship between a judge, parties and their representatives, as well as the role of a judge in proceedings, new approaches to the phasing of court proceedings and the differentiation of civil procedure, which should be helpful while further development of the civil procedural legislation in Ukraine. Keywords: access to justice; civil proceedings; dispute settlement; the principle of cooperation between a judge and parties; the principle of proportionality; effective protection of rights.