bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Vitamin E dan Etinil Estradiol terhadap Histopatologi Uterus Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Sandriya Ardi , Samsuri Samsuri , Berata I Ketut
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa vitamin E dapat memperbaiki struktur histopatologi uterus akibat efek samping etinil estradiol. Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor tikus putih betina yang dibagi dalam lima kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kontrol (-) tidak diberi etinil estradiol maupun vitamin E; kontrol (+) diberikan etinil estradiol dengan dosis 150 mg/kgBB/hari tanpa pemberian vitamin E, P1 diberikan etinil estradiol dengan dosis 150 mg/kgBB/hari dan vitamin E 100 mg/kgBB/hari, P2 diberikan etinil estradiol dengan dosis 150 mg/kgBB/hari dan vitamin E 150 mg/kgBB/hari, dan P3 diberikan etinil estradiol dengan dosis 150 mg/kgBB/hari dan vitamin E 200 mg/kgBB/hari. Perlakuan selama 30 hari, dan pada hari ke 31 seluruh hewan coba dinekropsi. Organ uterus diambil untuk pembuatan preparat histopatologi dengan teknik pewarnaan hematoksilin eosin (HE). Variabel yang diperiksa adalah nekrosis dan proliferasi sel epitel uterus. Hasil penelitian membuktikan pemberian suplementasi vitamin E dosis 150 mg/kgBB/hari mampu menekan proliferasi dan nekrosis sel epitel endometrium uterus tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) sehingga vitamin E dapat digunakan sebagai antioksidan pada pasien yang sedang menggunakan etinil estradiol.
Berat Organ Usus Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus) Pasca Penambahan Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera) pada Pakan
Authors: Ersawati Neti , Susari Ni Nyoman Werdi , Setiasih Ni Luh Eka
Published: October 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh tepung daun kelor dalam pakan terhadap berat organ usus tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus). Tepung daun kelor diberikan secara oral pada 20 ekor tikus yang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok yaitu 1 kelompok kontrol dan 4 kelompok perlakuan dengan konsentrasi 0%; 2,5%; 5,0%; 10%  dan 20% masing-masing dengan 5 kali ulangan selama satu bulan. Tikus putih dibedah dan ditimbang organ ususnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan ANOVA (analysis of varian),dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh hasil bahwa tidak ada perbedaan berat organ yang signifikan. Kesimpulan:  Penambahan tepung daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) pada pakan tidak menyebabkan perubahan terhadap berat organ usus tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus).
A Regularized Raking Estimator for Small Area Mapping from Forest Inventory Surveys
Authors: Nagle Nicholas N. , Schroeder Todd A. , Rose Brooke
Published: October 2019

We propose a new estimator for creating expansion factors for survey plots in the USDA Forest Inventory and Analysis program. This is a regularized version of the raking estimator widely used in sample surveys. The regularized raking method differs from other predictive modeling methods for integrating survey and ancillary data in that it produces a single set of expansion factors that can have general purpose use to produce small area estimates and wall-to-wall maps of any plot characteristic. This method also differs from other more widely used survey techniques, such of GREG estimation, in that it is guaranteed to produce positive expansion factors. We extend the previous method here to include cross-validation, and provide a comparison to expansion factors between the regularized raking and ridge GREG survey calibration.
PETA KAJIAN ATAS NOVEL SEJARAH ISLAM KARYA JURJĪ ZAIDĀN
Authors: Taufiq Ahmad Dardiri Moh. Wakhid Hidayat, Sangidu, Fadlil Munawwar Manshur,
Published: October 2019

The novel of Islamic history by Jurjī Zaidān is one of the works of Modern Arabic literature which appeared at the end of the 19th century. Since it was first published, as a serial story in al-Hilal magazine, this novel has been read and has received a great response. Zaidān composed 22 titles of novels from 1891 to 1914. After Zaidān's death in 1914, his novels were still read by the public, reprinted, and even translated in various languages in the world. Zaidān’s Islamic historical novels still exist, both within the scope of modern Arabic literature and in Arabic thought, with many studies to date. Research on this novel is reviewed and analyzed to reveal the diversity of perspectives to be mapped. Found nine perspectives in the study of Islamic historical novels; the perspective of the development of Arabic novel genres, the perspective of authorship and pioneering in Arabic novel genre, the perspective of the popularization of Arab-Islamic history, critical perspectives of Islamic historical facts, intrinsic literary criticism perspective, narrative structure perspective, feminist perspective, perspective modern Arab identity, and Arab nationalism perspective. The mapping of studies become the positioning of further Islamic historical novel studies, and at the same time can be a model of study for the analysis of other historical novels that develop in Arabic literature or other national literature.
PENERAPAN FONETIK AKUSTIK DALAM BACAAN MAD ALQURAN (STUDI KASUS PADA QIRAAT QARI INTERNASIONAL)
Authors: Moh. Masrukhi Muflihana Dwi Faiqoh,
Published: October 2019

The time duration is one of the important acoustic features discussed among the researchers. This article presents the results of a study of variation and duration of madd (long vowel). The data were obtained by downloading of two Quran reciterswho are Muammar Zainal Asyiqin and Maria Ulfahfrom the website.To investigate the duration of the types of madd, it uses an acoustic phonetics approach andto measure the acoustic duration of these madd, it employs the computer program ‘Praat’.Among the most important results, it is noted that Maria has the longer duration than Muammar does. Furthermore, the investigation of madd duration is addressed well, followed by the analysis for each madd.
TINDAK TUTUR IMPERATIF (KALĀM AL-AMR) DALAM TEKS DRAMA A’S-SULTHĀN AL-CHĀˈIR KARYA TAUFIQ AL-CHAKIM (ANALISIS PRAGMATIK)
Authors: Arifuddin Jamil Aulia,
Published: October 2019

This study discusses the imperative speech acts markers and their functions in a drama entitled a’s-Sulthān al-Chāˈir a work by Taufiq Al-Chakim. This study aimed at identifying the imperative speech acts markers and explaining the functions of those imperative speech acts in a’s-Sulthān al-Chāˈir drama. This study is a typical qualitative research. The method of data collection in this study used the attentive observation method followed by the basic tapping and advanced note-taking techniques. The data in this study are clauses or sentences which realize the imperative speech acts. The method applied in analyzing the data is the distributional method which technically followed by the technique of direct elements and the pragmatic equivalent method. Having analyzed 208 data which constitute of 220 sentences, the results are as follow: (1) the imperative speech acts in a’s-Sulthān al-Chāˈir drama a work by Taufiq Al-Chakim were realized in standard and non-standard markers, with more standard markers than non-standard markers. The standard markers were realized by the fi’l al-amr marker as many as 186 words, ism fi’l al-amr as many as 41 words (typical repetition), mashdar which represents fi’l al-amr as many as 25 words, and fi’l al-mudhāri’ which are attached to the particle lām al-amr as many as 16 words. The non-standard markers are realized with declarative sentences or kalām al-khabar as many as 7 sentences and the interrogative sentences or istifhām as many as 4 sentences. (2) the imperative speech acts in a’s-Sulthān al-Chāˈir drama a work by Taufiq Al-Chakim has various functions among others for commanding as many as 100 sentences, inviting or offering were found as many as 60 sentences, requesting as many as 34 sentences, advising as many as 14 sentences, threatening of 7 sentences, weakening as many as 2 sentences, allowing as many as 2 sentences, and giving a choice was found 1 sentence.
Pengaruh Massa Bio-char Kayu Akasia (Acacia mangium) Dan Waktu Perendaman Bio-char Terhadap Adsorpsi Sebum Buatan
Authors: Al azizi Aulia , Erdawati Erdawati , Suhartono Suhartono
Published: October 2019

Abstrak

Pada penelitian ini dibuat adsorben berupa Bio-char dari kayu akasia (Acacia mangium). Bio-char kayu akasia dibuat dengan cara dipirolisis. Sebum buatan dibuat dengan cara mencampurkan bahan-bahan penyusunnya sesuai komposisi berdasarkan literatur, yaitu squalene, asam lemak, trigliserida, ester wax dan kolesterol yang kemudian dilarutkan dengan toluena. Bio-char kemudian direndam ke dalam larutan sebum dengan variasi massa dan waktu. Kandungan gugus fungsi dari Bio-char kayu akasia ditunjukan melalui hasil analisis FTIR bahwa terdapat gugus amina, karboksil dan hidroksil. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa semakin besar massa Bio-char maka akan semakin optimum daya adsorpsinya dengan waktu optimum 20 menit. Adsorpsi sebum buatan oleh Bio-char kayu akasia mengikuti isoterm adsorpsi yang menunjukan bahwa Bio-char kayu akasia bertipe mesopori.

Kata kunci: adsorpsi, bio-char, mesopori, sebum

Abstract

In this research, an adsorbent was made in the form of Bio-char from acacia wood (Acacia mangium). Acacia wood Bio-char is made by pyrolysis. Artificial sebum is made by mixing the ingredients according to the composition based on literature, namely squalene, fatty acids, triglycerides, ester waxes, and cholesterol which are then dissolved with toluene. Bio-char immersed in a sebum solution with variations in mass and time. The functional group content of acacia wood Bio-char is shown through the results of the FTIR analysis that there are amine, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups. The results showed that the greater mass of Bio-char, it’s more optimum the adsorption power, with the optimum time of 20 minutes. Adsorption of sebum made by acacia wood Bio-char follows the adsorption isotherm which shows that the Bio-char of acacia wood is mesoporous

Keywords: adsorption, Bio-char, mesoporous, sebum
A Machine Learning Approach for Predicting Rock Brittleness from Conventional Well Logs
Authors: Cornelio Jodel , Ershaghi Iraj
Published: October 2019

In modern logging practices, the Poisson ratio and the Young Modulus as measures of rock Brittleness may be estimated from the dipole sonic and bulk density logs. This is important when subterranean formations are considered for fracturing or when unintended fracturing can be a concern under high injection gradients in fluid injection processes. For most oilfields, the bulk of well log suites run in the past has been limited to basic lithology logs and occasionally some porosity logs. In particular, the sheer sonic velocity log, an important component for estimation of geomechanical properties, has not been a standard measurement on common log suits.

In this paper, we present the result of a study where shear travel time is correlated with measurements from caliper and shale content. The training set we used consisted of well logs for wells that included the shear travel time. We experimented with various approaches and developed a process for in cooperating DNN (deep neural network) to correlate the shear log data to other measurements.
Composite Plug Milling via Wireline Reduces HSE Risks and Logistics on Location
Authors: Comer Alan , Alferez Olivier
Published: October 2019

Pre-set or off-depth composite plugs can cause significant non-productive time for a well operator. In the past, fracturing operations using a composite frac or bridge plug that has been pre-set or set off depth required a coiled tubing unit or workover rig to drill the plug out. Then, the well operator could resume the fracturing job or access the wellbore below the plug. However, as this paper demonstrates, composite plug milling via wireline using a tractor and a tractor-based milling tool is a faster, safer, and more cost-effective solution.

In a shale well located in the northern panhandle of West Virginia, a composite frac plug was set off- depth. Prior to mobilizing the tractor-based solution to location, the operator attempted pumping approximately 60,000 pounds of sand to sand-cut the off-depth frac plug out of the well. The sand cutting, though, did not work because perforations above the frac plug took the sand. Other tubing-based solutions required more mobilization time and complex logistics for rigging down and/or moving equipment on location. Therefore, the operator chose a wireline-based method for ease of operation, reduced HSE risk, and cost savings.

The tractor took 50 minutes to drive down 1718 ft in the lateral to the plug. The milling tool milled the top slips on the frac plug in approximately nine hours, and the tractor then pushed the plug 222 ft downhole on top of the previous frac plug. The total time rigged up on the well was 14 hours, and the total time on location was 18 hours. Although this wireline-based plug-milling method takes several hours to mill a plug, the rig-up and execution is simpler than conventional methods, and associated HSE risks on the wellsite are greatly reduced.

The ability to effectively release plugs via wireline provides well operators with another option to complete their objectives, especially when tubing-based methods often take many days or weeks to mobilize at substantial cost to operators.
Integrating Production Analysis With Monte Carlo Simulation for Estimated Ultimate Recovery EUR Prediction
Authors: Mehana Mohamed , Callard Jeff , Mansi Mohamed , Gong Yiwen
Published: October 2019

The current scheme for developing shale reservoirs necessitates special considerations while estimating the reserve. While reservoir characteristics lead to an extended infinite acting flow regime, completion schemes could result in a series of linear flows. Therefore, the initial linear flow does not have to be followed by a boundary-dominated flow. Overlooking this observation leads to unphysical Arps’ exponents and overestimations of the Estimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR). We are proposing a workflow to overcome these challenges and honor the inherited uncertainty while using the classic Arps (1956) hyperbolic forecast. Our workflow starts with identifying the current flow regime of the well where two intermediate flow regimes are considered, namely Linear-post-Linear (LPL) and Linear Post Linear Post Linear (LPLPL) flow regimes. We deterministically forecasted the boundary-dominated wells and probabilistically forecasted the rest. We used the distribution of the current flow regime in the field to forecast the transient wells. The well features of the infinite/semi-infinite wells are stochastically sampled from the field database combining well features of the boundary-dominated wells. After that, Monte Carlo simulation is employed to probabilistically estimate the EUR. We constrained the well life by an economical limit or a maximum of 40 years. Bone Springs formation is selected for a field study of this workflow. We found that the LPL is the common current flow regime. A reduction in Arps’ exponent is observed when well experience an intermediate linear flow before boundary-dominated flow. Significant number of interference wells are identified through their Water/Oil Ratio (WOR) signature. We also studied the evolution of EUR which suggests that more than 75% of the production history is needed for the deterministic methods to provide reliable estimates of the EUR. We generated heat maps of the area of interest to summarize the EUR and remaining reserve results.
Enhanced Type Curve Development Using Date-Dependent Well Spacing Analysis
Authors: Sharma Akash , Burleson Justin
Published: October 2019

Field development strategies in unconventional shale reservoirs have increased in intensity over the last few decades. Completion design and well spacing have been key focus variables in the incremental design process. With this wide range of design and development strategies, assets across different basins might end up with wells from a variety of design generations. This could make type curve creation even more complicated as it does not account for impact of hydrocarbon drainage in an area by the older (parent) well on the newer (child) wells. The present paper tackles this issue by addressing type curve development by including date dependent spacing variables to account for the dynamism of field development strategies over the years.

The present paper analyzes the impact of well spacing on type curve development in an asset. Type curve generation is a critical component in evaluation and subsequent planning so de-risking this step is very valuable. A lot of the analysis done in recent years is by considering well spacing as a static variable. The present analysis looks at spacing as a dynamic variable instead to account for time-series based variations. The spacing in the estimation process is also a 3-D spacing algorithm which identifies multiple points along the lateral section of the wellbore for a true evaluation of pressure transient propagation.

The present analysis showed the impact of date dependent well spacing on type curve development. The underestimation of well spacing in well-developed acreages was brought to attention as spacing mean deviations of upto 0.7 Standard Deviation were found between current well speacing and date-dependent well spacing scenarios analyzed. These deviations led to the type curves having upto a 40% EUR differential between estimation processes, with PV10 differentials higher than 100% in some cases. While the degree of impact of time series well spacing varied across the assets evaluated, quantifying the risk in type curve development and subsequent EUR estimation were key conclusions from the analysis.

The present paper presents a novel approach in tackling type curve development for parent and child wells observed across different basins. The paper provides guidelines on creating highly accurate type curves and highlights errors that may arise due to high well density and inter-well interaction by conducting the analysis in the high well density Middle Bakken formation.
Composite Frac Plug Design Optimization for Efficient Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
Authors: Deshpande Kedar. M. , Mirasdar Shailesh. P. , Mhaskar Nauman. A. , Joshi Rohit. P.
Published: October 2019

North American market with growing trend of unconventional shale gas reservoirs has warranted rapid development in hydraulic fracturing technology. The long horizontal wells are completed using multi zone plug and perf method that requires multiple zones to be fracked optimally to minimize nonproductive time (NPT). Frac plugs plays vital role in hydraulic fracturing in isolating the multiple zones of the wellbore for operations up to 10,000 psi pressure and 250°F temperature. In this paper advanced computational analysis is conducted to optimize the composite frac plug design for successful operations. Comprehensive laboratory testing is conducted, and digital solutions are compared against the test data to validate the new composite frac plug design. The traditional frac plug design requires effort in milling out the plug and further flushing out the cuttings that adds to the operational time. An alternative is to utilize composite plug that allows ease in milling and reduction in cuttings than traditional design. Numerical analysis is conducted to evaluate the feasibility of composite frac plug design utilizing three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) simulations to predict the slip holding capacity. Extensive laboratory testing is conducted for the composite frac plug to validate the digital analysis results. FEA simulations are performed for different configurations of frac plug design by varying number of slip buttons and composite material for slips. FEA results underscored best possible slip button configuration that can successfully work at desired pressure and temperature. Laboratory testing corroborated with digital analysis results and indicated as efficient design that reduced NPT and ensured successful hydraulic fracturing operations. This work assisted in optimizing design quickly and reduced time and cost associated with laboratory testing. This work elucidates use of digital solutions along with laboratory testing for design optimization of composite frac plug. This frac plug has been successfully utilized for several jobs in Marcellus shale play.
Developing the Talent of Future Petroleum Engineers by Remotely Monitoring Well Operations
Authors: Al-Fadhli Bashayer , Shaikh Mohammed , Al-Hammadi Anwar , Al-Rasheedi Tahreer , Zada Aydin , Awadh Abdulaziz
Published: October 2019

This paper aims to describe an evolving system utilised by young professionals with varying degrees of experience and backgrounds, supported by senior staff, to gain an improved understanding of ongoing well operations. The program has been tailored to the needs and capabilities of the individual, whilst allowing for continued development.

Kuwait Foreign Petroleum Exploration Company (KUFPEC) has several joint venture assets across the globe. In order to assist in the communication with the Kuwait Head Office, KUFPEC has Area Offices to liaise with, and shadow the work carried out by local in-country Operators. However, by doing so the opportunity for Junior Staff, in the Head Office, to be directly involved in Well Operations is restricted. In order to mitigate this, a workflow has been initiated by the South East Asia Region (SEAR) that allows for Junior Staff to track the progress of wells being drilled and by doing so obtain a ‘feel’ for being in an ‘Operational Environment’. The workflow itself is flexible and has been tailored to the individual as well as specific well operations.

In all cases the starting point is establishing the Well Objectives and so a detailed review of a Drilling Program and costs, followed by a Q&A session, is undertaken alongside more Senior Engineers to ‘introduce’ the well. Prior to Spud, ‘Well Montages’ are developed that describe the full information of the operation. The Well Montages are updated daily via Daily Drilling and Daily Geological Reports. An ‘Operational Highlights’ email is communicated to the department each afternoon that summarises the well progress and includes any risks or hazards to be aware of. Throughout the operation the Junior Staff are encouraged to reference the Drilling Program to follow the operations progress. After well completion a short ‘End of Well Summary’ is produced. Initial results of this workflow have been extremely positive. As more wells pass through the workflow the technical understanding of the Junior Staff increases. Their appreciation of specific hazards and uncertainties has improved, and they also have gained an enhanced understanding of Well Operations as well as the associated terminology and abbreviations. Support for the Junior Staff has also been obtained from the Area Offices, who are in direct contact with the operators.

This paper would be of interest to Mentors or Coaches who have an emerging talent pool. The paper outlines a clear and concise method that has been tried and tested and that allows for a Coach to define a workplan specific for the needs of the Junior Engineer, and thereby promote their individual development needs whilst on the job.
Reservoir Souring Tracking; Evaluation & Management to De-Eisk the Development Activities in a Giant Carbonate Reservoir in North Kuwait
Authors: Alkhalifah Hawraa A , Al-Twaitan Tasneem , Chetri Hom
Published: October 2019

Sabiriyah Mauddud is a giant carbonate reservoir in North Kuwait under active development with water flooding by treated seawater. Reservoir souring occurring at multiple producers has added one more dimension of complexity to be tracked; evaluated & managed. The paper proposal aims to elaborate the challenges and associated mitigations conceived & implemented.

Comprehensive evaluation of all data available pertaining to reservoir souring has been done, based on which a field-wise sampling program has been embarked. The sampling program has been executed in phases in a rationalized manner to provide necessary data & inputs to the overall evaluation using analytical as well as simulation approach. Workflow process has been developed so that the tracking, evaluation & management of reservoir souring continues as a live project during the water flood development for Sabiriyah Mauddud.

A clear linkage has been observed between the injected volumes of seawater and the level of souring. A review of chemicals being used for inhibition of souring indicated that the bacteria becomes insensitive to the dosage used in the past and requires re formulation of the package of chemical dosage. The impact on flowlines and production facilities has been found to be nominal so far but likely to aggravate with time. The possibility of using sour competent metallurgy in future has been flagged for future budgeting, to be first implemented in the facilities with most of Mauddud producers flowing. Any new facility has been recommended with NACE specifications.

A continuous tracking & monitoring of the Reservoir souring lead to opportunistic solutions & mitigations for short-term production & long-term reservoir management requirements with HSE adherence.
Multidisciplinary Data Integration for Predicting Tarmat and Heavy Oil in Minagish Field, Kuwait
Authors: El Gezeery Taher , Halawa Youssef , Al Rashidi Mohamed , El Jeaan Mounirah , Matar Saad , Padhy Girija Shankar , Kasaraneni Pruthviraj , Al-Rashidi Tahani
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a multidisciplinary data integration in order to predict tarmat and heavy oil in Minagish Field. Techniques to detect tarmat are divided into those using logs and those which analyse the composition of oils such as Iatroscan geochemical technique; the later is very useful in detecting tarmat because of the remarkable difference in composition of oils in tarmat compared with the overlying reservoir. The second technique used is the pyrolysis method which detects mobile (Sr+S2a+S2b) and immobile (residual carbon RC) hydrocarbons along with TOC. It aids in identifying the nature of hydrocarbons within the pore structure defined by petrographic studies using polarized microscope and SEM. The samples were screened and analyzed using Rock Eval-reservoir methods in order to identify heavy and light hydrocarbon zones. The pyrolysis results show that there are many intervals of heavier oil intercalated with lighter oil ones. The previous studies of Minagish oil showed that this reservoir is richest in heavy polar compounds (26%) compared to other cretaceous reservoirs in Kuwait. Using the above methods, a new model is conceived with a clear variation in oil homogeneity vertically as well as laterally within the reservoir. In addition to that, faults and biodegradation near the water zone played their role in increasing density of oil and forming heavy oil in the reservoir. Application of magnetic resonance image and chemostratigraphic data are found effective in identifying heavier oil, light hydrocarbons and tarmat in real time mode. The chemostratigraphic interpretation draws certain depositional and/or diagenetic facies with definite elemental signatures. High P and P/Mn ratios are associated with oolite grainstones lithology that have high initial porosities and higher tar content. Also, tarmat is recognized by highly elevated values of Ni, V and S. This study led successfully to explain the production of an incremental volume of heavy oil trapped behind the injector in northeast area of the field.
The neuroprotective effects of xenon on neonatal rats with white matter damage by regulating expression of microRNA-210 and HIF-1α
Authors: yin xiangyun , Zhao Jixiu , Jiang Jian , Xi Hongmin , Li Xianghong , Zhang Lulu , Jiang Hong
Published: October 2019

Background: White matter damage is a leading cause of acute mortality and chronic morbidity in preterm birth. Xenon is a general anesthetic with neuroprotective effects. We aimed to reveal the molecular basis and neuroprotective mechanism of Xe intervention in treating white matter damage by detecting the expression level of miR-210 and HIF-1α in brain tissues of 3-day-old neonatal rats.
Methods: Three-day-old SD rats were randomly divided into sham group (Group A, n=24), LPS +HI group (Group B, n=24) and LPS+HI+Xe group (n=72). LPS+HI+Xe group was given Xenon gas inhalation for three hours after treatment of HI at 0h,2h,and 5h,and divided into three subgroups C,D,and E randomly. We investigated the WMD by performing TUNEL and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and examining the expression of miR-210and HIF-1α in brain tissues via RT-PCR and western blot.
Results: Our study shows that the brain tissues of neonatal rat which stained by HE were pale, structure loosen, and psychosis along with apoptosis in group B, Xe treatment improved histological alterations and decreased the number of apoptotic cells in group C . The expression level of miR-210 increased significantly at all time points in group B compared to group A (p<0.05),While that was significantly lower at 0h and 48h than that of group C(p<0.05).Compared with group C,the expression of miR-210 in group D and group E decreased significantly at 0h, 24h and 48h (p<0.05).The level of HIF-1α protein in group B was significantly higher than that of group A at each time point, while significantly lower than that of group C at each time point and that of group D and E at 0h, 24h and 72h (p<0.05).Compared with group C and group D,the expression level of HIF-1α protein decreased significantly at 24h in group E (p<0.05).
Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the expression of HIF-1α and miR-210 increased in periventricular tissues and Xe could relieve the white matter damage by up-regulating the expression of HIF-1α and its target gene miR-210.The Xe therapeutic time window was within 5 hours after intervention, the sooner the better.
Keywords: premature birth, Xenon, microRNA-210, HIF-1α, white matter damage
WITHDRAWN: Determinants Of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Among Adults Undergoing Treatment For Tuberculosis In Tigray Region, Ethiopia: A Case Control Study
Authors: Zereabruk Kidane , Kahsay Tensay , Teklemichael Hiyab , Aberhe Woldu , Hailay Abrha , Mebrahtom Guesh , Bezabih Gebrewahd
Published: October 2019

Background Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a type of tuberculosis that is resistant to at least the first line anti-tuberculosis drugs namely, Rifampicin and Isoniazid. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has continued to be a challenge for tuberculosis control globally. Globally 600,000 people were newly eligible for Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment with an estimated 240,000 deaths annually. There are few numbers of multi drug resistant tuberculosis studies in different regions of Ethiopia. However, most of these studies were restricted only to a single hospital and there is no published information regarding multi drug resistant tuberculosis in Tigray region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the determinants of multidrug resistant tuberculosis among adults undergoing treatment for tuberculosis in Tigray region, Ethiopia.Methods A hospital based unmatched case control study was conducted from April to June, 2019. Simple random sampling method was used to select 85 cases and 169 controls. Primary data was collected by face-to-face interview and secondary data by reviewing patients’ charts using pretested structured questionnaires. The data were entered and cleaned using Epi data manager then exported to SPSS for analysis. Binary Logistic regression model was used to test the association between independent and dependent variables. Model fitness was checked using Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit and Variance inflation factor was used to assess multi collinearity between the independent variables. Variables at p-value less than 0.25 in bivariate analysis was entered into a multivariable analysis to identify the determinant factors of multi drug resistant tuberculosis. Finally, level of significance was declared at p-value <0.05.Results A total of 254 participants with 85 cases and 169 controls were included in this study. Of the respondents, 62 (36.7%) among the controls and 48 (56.5%) among the cases were living in rural residence. Rural residence [AOR=2.54;95%CI=1.34,4.83], HIV[AOR=4.5;95%CI=1.4,14.2], relapse [AOR=3.86;95%CI;1.98,7.5], return after lost follow up [AOR=6.29;95% 1.64,24.2], treatment failure [AOR=5.87; CI=1.39,24.8] were among the determinants of Multi drug resistance tuberculosis.Conclusion Rural residence, HIV, relapse, return after lost follow up and treatment failure were the identified determinant factors of Multi drug resistance tuberculosis.
Efficacy and safety of Intertan versus proximal femoral nail antirotation in treating intertrochanteric femoral fractures
Authors: Biaoxue Rong , Min Li
Published: October 2019

Background: Two different devices, InterTAN and proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA), have been used in treating intertrochanteric femoral fractures (IFFs). This study was to compare the advantages and disadvantages of InterTAN and PFNA in treating IFFs. Methods: The relevant studies were searched from the database of MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrance Library and CNKI. Nineteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 2285 patients were involved in this analysis. Results: Comparing the InterTAN with PFNA, harris hip score and fracture healing time of patients with IFFs did not show significant differences (P = 0.133; P = 0.152). However, compared with PFNA, InterTAN seemed to cause more intraoperative blood loss (standardized mean difference, SMD = -1.45; P<0.001) and take more operative time (SMD = -1.95; P<0.001). But postoperative complications of InterTAN were significantly lower than PFNA (odds ratio, OR = 2.22; P<0.001). Conclusions: InterTAN had the same long-term efficacy as PFNA. Although the surgical operation of PFNA surgery had a relative advantage, InterTAN had a low incidence of postoperative complications.
A new understanding of the H. pylori eradication mechanism
Authors: Su Shanshan , Zheng Guo-qi , Liu Ying-ying , Liang Yu-fei , Song Hui , Yin Wen-jie , Zhang Guo-zun
Published: October 2019

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) cannot usually be detected in the gastric juice and it is thought that H. pylori may be implanted under the mucus layer for long term. The mechanisms of action of proton pump inhibitor (PPI), antibiotics, and bismuth for H. pylori eradication are not entirely clear. Our study aimed to determine the role of PPI on the movement of H. pylori across the mucus layer to the gastric lumen and the mechanism of PPI, antibiotics, and bismuth on H. pylori eradication. Methods: Patients with H. pylori infection were intravenous injected with PPI (intervention group, n=31) or without PPI (control group, n=37). The presence of H. pylori in the gastric juice was evaluated by the rapid urease test (RUT), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and culture methods. Results: The H. pylori positive detection rates were all significantly higher among patients in the intervention group than among patients in the control group by the RUT (P < 0.0001), PCR (P < 0.0001), and culturing (P = 0.0386). Conclusion: H. pylori can penetrate across the mucus layer to the gastric lumen following PPI intervention. The direct antimicrobial activity of PPI might because of diminished numbers of H. pylori due to probiotics in the gastric lumen. Antibiotics and bismuth might play a local sterilization role in the gastric lumen when H. pylori penetrate across the mucus layer.
Validation of a questionnaire assessing students’ self-directed and collaborative learning with and without technology in Canadian middle school classrooms
Authors: Labonté Chantal , Smith Veronica R.
Published: October 2019

In the current study, the researchers examine the validity of a questionnaire assessing students’ perceptions of their self-directed learning and collaborative learning with and without technology with a group of Canadian middle school students. Lee and colleagues (2014) developed an 18-item questionnaire for use in assessing high school students’ perceptions of their learning in Singapore. Three hundred and twenty middle school students from across Alberta, Canada completed the questionnaire. The results of a confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the questionnaire did not have sufficient model fit. The researchers used a jackknifing procedure to systematically remove four items in order to achieve a psychometrically sound questionnaire. The results suggest that the reduced questionnaire is a useful self-report instrument for assessing Canadian middle school students’ perceptions of their learning.

Dans la présente étude, les chercheurs examinent la validité d’un questionnaire évaluant les perceptions qu’ont les élèves de leur apprentissage autonome et collaboratif, avec et sans technologie, au sein d’un groupe d’élèves d’écoles intermédiaires canadiennes. Lee et ses collègues (2014) ont développé un questionnaire de 18 items pour évaluer les perceptions qu’ont des élèves d’écoles secondaires quant à leur apprentissage. Trois cent vingt élèves d’écoles intermédiaires à travers l’Alberta, au Canada, ont rempli le questionnaire. Les résultats d’une analyse factorielle confirmatoire ont révélé que le questionnaire avait été insuffisamment ajusté au modèle. Les chercheurs se sont servis d’une procédure de jackknife afin de supprimer systématiquement quatre items afin d’obtenir un questionnaire solide sur le plan psychométrique. Les résultats suggèrent que le questionnaire raccourci est un instrument utile pour l’auto-évaluation des perceptions qu’ont des élèves d’écoles intermédiaires quant à leur apprentissage.
Les déterminants technologiques de la persévérance des étudiants dans les cours à distance de niveau collégial : Les modalités de cours jouent-elles un rôle?
Authors: Lakhal Sawsen
Published: October 2019

L’objectif de cette étude est d’identifier et d’analyser les déterminants technologiques de la persévérance dans les cours à distance de niveau collégial (n=61), issus du modèle Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). Les résultats des analyses par équations structurelles (Partial Least Square) indiquent que parmi ces derniers déterminants, seulement les conditions facilitantes ont un impact significatif et positif sur l’intention comportementale d’utiliser les technologies des cours à distance (R2=54%) définie comme l’intention de l’étudiant de réaliser ce comportement, qui a son tour a un effet significatif et positif sur la persévérance, définie par l’intention de finir le cours à distance auquel l’étudiant est inscrit (R2=14,2%) et par l’intention de s’inscrire dans le futur dans d’autres cours à distance (R2=65%). Les analyses des ANOVA font ressortir des différences significatives entre les groupes d’étudiants assignés à des modalités différentes de cours à distance sur tous les facteurs technologiques laissant présager que des analyses différenciées, selon la modalité de cours, devraient être envisagées dans le futur.
This study aims to identify and analyze the technological determinants of persistence in college distance education courses (N=61), derived from the Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model. The results of the structural equation analyses (Partial Least Square) revealed that among these determinants, only facilitating conditions have a significant and positive impact on the behavioural intention to use distance learning technologies (R2 = 54%) defined as the student’s intention to display this behaviour. Moreover, behavioral intention to use distance learning technologies has a significant and positive effect on persistence, defined as the intention to finish the distance education course in which the student is enrolled (R2 = 14.2 %) and the intention to enroll in other distance education courses in the future (R2 = 65%). The ANOVA analyses revealed significant differences between the groups of students assigned to different courses delivery modes on all the technological factors, suggesting that differentiated analyses, depending on the course delivery mode, should be performed in the future.
Le développement de compétences numériques dans des environnements d'apprentissage riches en technologies
Authors: Furlong Caitlin , Léger Michel , Freiman Viktor
Published: October 2019

Au 21e siècle, l'acquisition de compétences numériques est importante afin de rester à jour avec les avancements technologiques qui affectent la vie quotidienne. Cherchant à mieux comprendre l'acquisition des compétences numériques, ce projet de recherche vise les environnements d’apprentissage riches en technologies, plus précisément les laboratoires de fabrication numérique. Nous avons réalisé une étude de cas multiples dans 4 écoles dans la province canadienne du Nouveau‑Brunswick (N.-B.) où nous avons capturé un total de 23 vidéos d’élèves au travail dans des laboratoires de fabrication numérique. Les résultats démontrent que la pensée critique, la créativité, la collaboration, la communication et la résolution de problèmes sont mises en évidence dans les laboratoires de fabrication numérique.

In the 21st century, many school systems are turning to the development of skills as an educational goal, including digital skills. However, the current scientific literature on digital skills remains insufficient, both in terms of their definition and the processes of their development. Our research project aims to examine the presence of digital skills in learning environments that are considered technology-rich, specifically makerspaces. We conducted a multiple case study in three schools in New Brunswick where we observed students in the process of working on a project in a makerspace setting, and our analysis focused on the digital skills demonstrated. The results suggest that the type of activities that young people do in a makerspace, as well their age and the time they spend in the makerspace, can all influence the development of digital skills.
Ensuring radiation safety at the FIFA World Cup 2018
Authors: Saprykin K. A. , Gromov A. V. , Ivanov S. A.
Published: October 2019

The paper presents the activities of Rospotrebnadzor to ensure radiation safety in the framework of nuclear and radiation terrorism counteractions during the FIFA World Cup 2018 in Russia. One of the main activities of Rospotrebnadzor was to ensure radiation safety of food and drinking water. This task was solved by placing stationary radiation monitoring systems and organizing of continuous radiation monitoring of all foodstuffs and drinking water incoming to all sports facilities. In addition, selective radiation monitoring of samples of cooked food and drinking water at the catering facilities of the stadiums was organized. The second important activity was to ensure the radiation safety at the sites of mass people crowding with the use of portable equipment and/or car-borne radiological laboratories. The third activity was the identification and examination of the identified sources of ionizing radiation in case of alarm of radiation monitoring systems. The last but not the least activity was the interdepartmental cooperation, the effectiveness of which directly affects the response and resolution of issues related to emergency situations or situations that threaten radiation safety. The paper also briefly described the activities of the Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev in the framework of ensuring radiation safety at the FIFA World Cup 2018.
Vertical distribution of 137Cs in soddy-podzolic sandy soil in grasslands and forests of the Bryansk region in 2015–2016
Authors: Ramzaev V. P. , Barkovsky A. N. , Varfolomeeva K V.
Published: October 2019

Vertical distribution of natural and man-made radionuclides in the soil profile is a decisive parameter when calculating the dose rate of gamma radiation in the air above the ground and the effective dose of external human exposure. The main purpose of this work was to determine vertical distribution of137Cs in soddy-podzolic sandy and sandy-loam soils in forests and grasslands in the south-western districts of the Bryansk region in the remote period after the Chernobyl accident. In 2015–2016, soil cores were sampled in 7 virgin meadows and 13 forested areas to a depth of 20 cm. The cores were cut into horizontal layers 2 cm thick. The137Cs activity in the samples was determined using a semiconductor gamma spectrometer. The activity concentration in samples of dry soil (n = 200) ranged from 6.35 Bq/kg to 83300 Bq/kg with an average of 4550 Bq/kg. In the meadows in three cases, the maximum activity concentration was determined in the uppermost layer. With increasing depth, the activity concentration decreased and reached a minimum in the deepest layers. A difference between the surface layer and the deepest layer was two to three orders of magnitude. The three other meadows showed a relatively uniform distribution of137Cs in the upper 4–6 cm, followed by a decrease in activity concentration with an increase in depth. In one meadow area, a peak of the137Cs activity was found at a depth of 4–6 cm. In the forest, the most typical (in 10 cases) was the presence of a pronounced maximum activity concentration of137Cs in the uppermost layer. The experimentally obtained values of the137Cs inventory in the upper 20 cm of soil at the surveyed sites ranged from 42 to 1940 kBq/m2. The values of137Cs inventory positively and statistically significantly correlated with officially established levels of137Cs surface ground contamination for the territory of nearby settlements. Vertical migration of137Cs in the soil in the surveyed areas was mainly limited to the upper 10 centimeters. The layer on average contained 94% of the total137Cs inventory. Less than 1% of the total137Cs inventory was found in the deepest soil layer sampled (18–20 cm). The obtained137Сs activity distributions were used to calculate kerma rate in the air at a height of 1 m above the ground at the surveyed sites. The air kerma rate ranged from 52 to 2240 nGy/h (on average, 807 nGy/h). The caesium-137 deposit in the upper 6 cm of soil determined about 95% and 90% of the air kerma rate in the forests and in meadows, respectively. Radioactive caesium, which migrated into the soil to a depth of more than 10–12 cm, gave a negligible contribution (less than 1%) to the gamma-radiation dose rate in the air. In practical terms, it indicates that the depth of soil sampling equal to 20 cm is currently quite sufficient to estimate the dose rate of gamma radiation in the air in virgin grasslands and in forests.
Assessment of the doses to the population of the regions of Russia from exposure to the cosmic radiation
Authors: Kononenko D. V. , Kormanovskaya T. A.
Published: October 2019

The paper presents the results of a refined calculation of the average individual annual effective doses to the population of the regions of Russia from exposure to the cosmic radiation. The population-weighted average values of the altitude and latitude of the main settlements, which are home to at least 50 percent of the population of the region, were used as the altitude and latitude of the region. In addition, all settlements with a population of at least 20 thousand people were included in the calculation. Coverage of the population of the regions of Russia in the calculation varies from 50.1 to 95.8 percent (excluding three cities of Federal importance with 100 percent coverage) with the average value of 62.4 percent. The number of settlements included in the calculation in different regions ranges from 1 to 63. The methodology of the dose calculation is based on the approach described in the UNSCEAR 2000 Report. The obtained dose values for different regions range from 0.310 to 0.413 mSv. For Russia as a whole country, the population-weighted average individual annual effective dose from exposure to the cosmic radiation is 0.338 mSv.