bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of English Grammar Expression Based on the Discrete Dynamic Analysis Algorithm
Authors: Gao Yuzheng , Chen Hongli
Published: August 2022

The dynamic changes of grammatical functions in English teaching in different language environments are different. Based on this background, this paper studies the discrete dynamic modeling technology in the big data complex system. By analyzing the current situation of the English language, this paper studies the dynamic path of the development of English functional grammar. Different from traditional modeling algorithms, dynamic modeling of complex systems can accurately process the relevant data provided by big data. This paper discusses the influence of functional grammar on English listening teaching through dynamic modeling and predictive analysis. This study reduces the error rate of the English prediction model and determines that the change of English achievement is closely related to functional grammar. The results show that the dynamic modeling of complex systems can promote the rapid development of functional grammar in English teaching and provide an effective basis for grammar research. At the same time, the dynamic prediction model based on complex system modeling can accurately predict the actual effect of English grammatical functions on improving English proficiency.
Multidimensional Analysis of Music Education System Based on Multi-Intelligent Recommendation
Authors: Wang Daliang , Guo Xiaowen
Published: August 2022

To better realize music education and improve the accuracy of music recommendation, a multidimensional analysis method of the music education system based on multi-intelligent recommendation is proposed. In the process of using this method to recommend music to users, the music characteristics are extracted and the music data are obtained from MIDI music, and three collaborative filtering algorithms are jointly used, namely user-based, content-based, and model-based collaborative filtering algorithms. The simulation results show that the proposed method can provide users with an intelligent music recommendation scheme according to the user’s basic information and operation information. Compared with a single user-based recommendation or content-based, model-based recommendation, the proposed method has a certain degree of novelty and accuracy. Here, the recommendation accuracy rate can reach 94.8%, which is higher than the other two recommendation algorithms, showing certain advantages.
Risk Factors for Thyroid Dysfunction in Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated with PD-1 Antibody
Authors: Zhang Junjun , Lou Jing
Published: August 2022

Objective. To analyze the health status of thyroid function in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer cured with PD-1 antibody and to explore the risk factors of thyroid dysfunction. Methods. 100 patients from Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer hospitalized from January 2021 to March 2022 were selected. All patients were treated with a PD-1 antibody. The differences in sex, age, operation history, chemotherapy history, radiotherapy history, and thyroid nodules between patients with abnormal thyroid function and normal thyroid function after treatment were compared. Moreover, the risk factors of thyroid dysfunction were analyzed. Results. The proportion of women in the normal thyroid function group was lower compared to the abnormal thyroid function group. And the proportion of patients with the course of the disease within 1 year in the normal thyroid function group was higher compared to the abnormal thyroid function group. The incidence of thyroid color ultrasound nodules in the normal thyroid function group was remarkably higher compared to the abnormal thyroid function group (

P
<
0.05

). The proportion of patients with nodules in the abnormal thyroid function group was remarkably higher compared to the normal thyroid function group. Among the 36 patients who developed abnormal thyroid function, the incidence of hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (subclinical hyperthyroidism) was 33.33%. The incidence of hypothyroidism (hypothyroidism) and hypothyroidism (subclinical hypothyroidism) was 66.66%. The cumulative incidence rates after 3 cycles, 6 cycles, and 12 cycles were 63.88%, 83.33%, and 94.44%, respectively. T4 and FT3 levels decreased more than the normal group following therapy. The results showed that females, course of disease more than one year, and thyroid nodule were independent risk factors of thyroid dysfunction. Conclusion. Female gender, disease duration of more than 1 year, and thyroid nodules were independent risk factors for thyroid dysfunction after PD-1 antibody therapy. Therefore, clinical treatment should focus on patients with the above factors, and early intervention should be implemented to avoid the occurrence of thyroid dysfunction after PD-1 antibody treatment.
Action Recognition Model in Choral Conducting Teaching in Colleges and Universities under New Media Environment
Authors: Jiao Jian
Published: August 2022

In current college music education, choral conducting is a required course for students. The course implementation aims to cultivate excellent and high-quality choral conductors. The requirements for choral conducting teaching in college music education under the new media environment have been further improved. First, this study gives the value of applying new media technology in choral conducting teaching in colleges and universities. Then, based on the key point that choral conductors’ expression of music mainly relies on gestural language, an action recognition model in college choral conducting teaching is proposed. The model is designed with an adaptive deep graph convolution model, and a spatio-temporal convolution submodel with a small number of parameters is created using group convolution. After the trained teacher model is obtained, the spatio-temporal convolutional submodel with fewer parameters is trained using the knowledge distillation method combined with data augmentation techniques. The final action recognition fusion model is obtained using the linear fusion method. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model can recognize the movements in college choral conducting teaching with higher performance than other existing models, which provides effective guidance for college choral conducting teaching in the new media environment.
Function Extraction Based on CFPS and Digital Financial Index: Data Mining Techniques for Prognosis of Operational Risks of Financial Institutions
Authors: Li Bohua , Li Ge
Published: August 2022

Financial deregulation, financial globalization, and the increasing variety and technological sophistication of the commodities offered by financial services have made the operations of financial institutions more complex. Compared with credit risk and market risk, financial institutions’ transaction risk management plays an increasingly important role in financial practice. As an emerging technology, big data mining technology has a unique advantage in optimizing the processing and management of large amounts of data. Big data mining technology not only has the common functions of finding, comprehensively managing all kinds of information, collecting and analyzing data, and conducting statistics but also should have the ability to process information that is hidden and useful in the database through data mining technology. Based on CFPS and data mining technology, this paper analyzes the operational risk of financial institutions, analyzes the causes of the operational risk of financial institutions, discusses the measures to avoid the operational risk of financial institutions, and draws corresponding conclusions.
Protection of Jingdezhen Ceramic Heritage Based on Blockchain Technology
Authors: Yang Lisha , Yu Feng , Nie Yu
Published: August 2022

Jingdezhen ceramic heritage is the largest existing ceramic cultural heritage in China, with the richest connotation and the most complete system. It has the characteristics of strong systematization, complicated preservation, and diversified use. With the vigorous development of cultural industry, Jingdezhen’s ceramic heritage has a broad application prospect, but at the same time, it faces the problem of being destroyed or improperly developed. With the progress of science and technology and the development of machinery, the traditional hand-made porcelain technology of Jingdezhen ceramics is gradually being eliminated. The value and distinctive feature of Jingdezhen ceramic heritage is the importance and necessity of its protection, and the protection of Jingdezhen ceramic heritage has become an urgent problem to be solved. In order to solve this problem, this paper takes the protection of Jingdezhen ceramic heritage as the research object, analyzes the characteristics and protection status of Jingdezhen ceramic heritage, and applies blockchain technology to the protection of Jingdezhen ceramic heritage, which promotes the protection of ceramic heritage. The decentralized, traceable, and open characteristics of blockchain technology provide innovative technical support for the digital construction of ceramic heritage and strong technical support for the protection of ceramic heritage. The results show that by analyzing the current situation of Jingdezhen ceramic heritage protection and construction, the digital model of Jingdezhen ceramic heritage based on blockchain technology is established by combining blockchain technology with digital construction of ceramic heritage, and a digital identity is built for Jingdezhen ceramics. The collected Jingdezhen ceramic information is attached to the blockchain, which ensures its unique and effective identity information, realizes the integration of Jingdezhen ceramic information, and actively promotes the informatization and standardization of ceramic heritage protection. The research results provide new ideas for Jingdezhen ceramic heritage protection and theoretical support for heritage protection and inheritance.
The Trend of Burn Injury Patients in Ningbo between 2012 and 2021: A Clinical Study
Authors: Fan Youfen , Jin Guoying , Pan Yanyan , Cui Shengyong , Li Jiliang , Huang Neng
Published: August 2022

Objective. This study was designed to understand the local changes of burn injuries in recent 10 years, so as to provide reliable reference data and viewpoints for prevention and vigilance of local burn injuries. Methods. In this study, 184 patients with a burn injury admitted to our hospital from 2012 to 2021 were enrolled and analyzed retrospectively. According to their information in the electronic database, the number of patients with burn injuries and the location of each disaster each year were analyzed, and the age, sex, hospital stay and hospitalization expense of each patient were collected. With 5 years as the boundary, the patients were divided into a 2012–2016 group and a 2017–2021 group and the differences of the two groups in the abovementioned aspects were compared. Results. During 2012–2021, the incidence rate of burn injuries in men was higher than that in women and workplaces had a higher burn injury rate than residents’ homes. Compared with the period of 2012–2016, the number of fires or explosions and the number of patients with a burn injury during 2017–2028 both increased, but there was no significant change in disaster location, male-female ratio, age, average hospital stay, and average hospitalization expense. Conclusion. In the face of the increasing prevalence of burn injuries, we should strengthen fire-fighting knowledge-related education and fire prevention management and actively explore post-burn injury treatment strategies and potential treatment targets to promote the development of burn injury management and treatment strategies.
Bintrafusp Alfa, an Anti-PD-L1:TGFβ Trap Fusion Protein, in Patients with ctDNA-positive, Liver-limited Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Morris Van K. , Overman Michael J. , Lam Michael , Parseghian Christine M. , Johnson Benny , Dasari Arvind , Raghav Kanwal , Kee Bryan K. , Huey Ryan , Wolff Robert A. , Shen John Paul , Li June , Zorrilla Isabel , Tzeng Ching-Wei D. , Tran Cao Hop S. , Chun Yun Shin , Newhook Timothy E. , Vauthey Nicolas , Duose Dzifa , Luthra Raja , Haymaker Cara , Kopetz Scott
Published: August 2022

Identification of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) following curative intent therapies is a surrogate for microscopic residual disease for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Preclinically, in micrometastatic microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancer, increased TGFβ signaling results in exclusion of antitumor cytotoxic T cells from the tumor microenvironment. Bintrafusp alfa (BA) is a bifunctional fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of the TGFβRII receptor (“TGFβ trap”) and anti-PD-L1 antibody. Patients with liver-limited, MSS mCRC and with detected ctDNA after complete resection of all known tumors and standard-of-care therapy were treated with 1,200 mg of BA intravenously every 14 days for six doses. The primary endpoint was ctDNA clearance. Radiographic characteristics at recurrence were compared using independent t tests to historical data from a similar cohort of patients with liver-limited mCRC who underwent observation. Only 4 of 15 planned patients received BA before the study was stopped early for loss of equipoise. There was no grade ≥3 adverse event. None of the patients cleared ctDNA. All patients developed radiographic recurrence by the first planned restaging. Although not detectable at prior to treatment, TGFβ3 was found in circulation in all patients at cycle 2 day 1. Compared with a historical cohort, patients administered BA developed more metastases (15 vs. 2, P = 0.005) and greater tumor volumes (9 cm vs. 2 cm, P = 0.05). Treatment with BA in patients with ctDNA-detected, liver-limited mCRC did not clear ctDNA and was associated with large-volume recurrence, highlighting the potential context-specific complexity of dual TGFβ and PD-L1 inhibition.

Significance:

Use of ctDNA to identify patients with micrometastatic disease for therapeutic intervention is feasible. Treatment with BA in patients with liver-limited mCRC and with detectable ctDNA after resection generated rapid progression. Approaches targeting TGFβ signaling must consider its pathway complexity in future immunotherapy combination strategies.
Sinomenine suppressed keratinocyte proliferation and imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis by regulating lncRNA XIST
Authors: Xiang Shoubao , Wu Xing , Xiang Yu
Published: August 2022

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Sinomenine (SIN) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Objective: To confirm the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of SIN in imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mouse model and IMQ induced differentiated human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells. Methods: BALB/c mice were treated with IMQ to construct a psoriasis-like mice model. PASI score and HE staining was used to observe pathology injury of skin tissue. The secretion of inflammatory factors and the oxidative stress level were detected by ELISA. The differentiated HaCaT cells were treated with IMQ (100 μM) and SIN (10 μg/mL or 50 μg/mL), cell viability, the secretion of inflammatory factors and the oxidative stress level were detected by MTT assay, ELISA, respectively. The expression of lncRNA XIST was detected by RT-qPCR. The relationship between XIST and EIF4G2 protein was detected by RNA Immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay, Ubiquitination experiment. Results: SIN significantly reduced PASI score, epidermal thickness, inflammatory response and oxidative stress levels that increased by IMQ in vivo. SIN inhibited IMQ-induced HaCaT cell proliferation, inflammatory response and oxidative stress levels, decreased the expression of XIST. Overexpression of XIST negated the protective effect of SIN on HaCaT cells. XIST interacted directly with EIF4G2 and regulate EIF4G2 expression via K48 ubiquitin. Knockdown of XIST reduced the half-life of EIF4G2 and decreased EIF4G2 protein stability. In addition, the E3 ubiquitin protein ligase MDM2 interacted with EIF4G2 and down-regulated EIF4G2 expression. XIST reduced the interaction between MDM2 and EIF4G2, which mediated EIF4G2 K48 ubiquitination. Overexpression of XIST negated the protective effect of SIN on the inflammation of HaCaT cells through activating the NF-κB signaling pathway, while NF-κB pathway inhibitor PDTC reversed this result. Conclusion: SIN had a protective effect on psoriasis and could inhibit HaCaT cell proliferation and inflammatory response via XIST/MDM2/EIF4G2/NF-κB axis.
THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF BETEL (Piper battle L.) AND BASIL (Ocimum sanctum L.) LEAVES INFUSION AS ANTISEPTIC PREPARATIONS AGAINST SOME BACTERIA IN VITRO
Authors: Fatimah Riesy Nor , Budiarti Lia Yulia , Medika Ghea
Published: August 2022

Betel leaves (Piper battle L.) and basil leaves (Ocimum sanctum L.) are parts of the plant that can be made as antiseptic preparations because they contain antibacterial compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. Antiseptic activity can be observed based on its effect in inhibiting the colonization of standard test bacteria of the laboratory, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi as well as the magnitude of the phenol coefficient value. The study aimed to analyze the infusion activity of betel and basil leaves as antiseptic preparations against some test bacteria. This study in vitro used a posttest-only control group design. The infusion treatment of betel and basil leaves is tested in the form of a single preparation and a combination with concentrations of 50%, 75%, and 100% (w/v). The results showed there was a difference in the infusion activity of betel leaves and basil leaves in a single stock and a combination of the number of bacterial colonies tested; the effect of the treatment produces a small number of bacterial colonies in Gram-positive bacteria; 100% combination treatment (b/v) provides an inhibitory effect that is not significantly different from 70% alcohol control against all test bacteria except S.typhi: and obtained the phenol coefficient value from the combination treatment of betel and basil leaves infusion higher against Gram-positive bacteria. The conclusion of this study, the combination of betel and basil leaves infusion has antibacterial activity as an antiseptic preparation that can inhibit the growth of some test bacteria.

 

Keywords: antiseptic preparations, infusion leaves, Piper battle L, Ocimum sanctum L, number of colonies, phenol coefficient
Maintaining a National Acute Kidney Injury Risk Prediction Model to Support Local Quality Benchmarking
Authors: Davis Sharon E. , Brown Jeremiah R. , Dorn Chad , Westerman Dax , Solomon Richard J. , Matheny Michael E.
Published: August 2022

Background:

The utility of quality dashboards to inform decision-making and improve clinical outcomes is tightly linked to the accuracy of the information they provide and, in turn, accuracy of underlying prediction models. Despite recognition of the need to update prediction models to maintain accuracy over time, there is limited guidance on updating strategies. We compare predefined and surveillance-based updating strategies applied to a model supporting quality evaluations among US veterans.

Methods:

We evaluated the performance of a US Department of Veterans Affairs–specific model for postcardiac catheterization acute kidney injury using routinely collected observational data over the 6 years following model development (n=90 295 procedures in 2013–2019). Predicted probabilities were generated from the original model, an annually retrained model, and a surveillance-based approach that monitored performance to inform the timing and method of updates. We evaluated how updating the national model impacted regional quality profiles. We compared observed-to-expected outcome ratios, where values above and below 1 indicated more and fewer adverse outcomes than expected, respectively.

Results:

The original model overpredicted risk at the national level (observed-to-expected outcome ratio, 0.75 [0.74–0.77]). Annual retraining updated the model 5×; surveillance-based updating retrained once and recalibrated twice. While both strategies improved performance, the surveillance-based approach provided superior calibration (observed-to-expected outcome ratio, 1.01 [0.99–1.03] versus 0.94 [0.92–0.96]). Overprediction by the original model led to optimistic quality assessments, incorrectly indicating most of the US Department of Veterans Affairs’ 18 regions observed fewer acute kidney injury events than predicted. Both updating strategies revealed 16 regions performed as expected and 2 regions increasingly underperformed, having more acute kidney injury events than predicted.

Conclusions:

Miscalibrated clinical prediction models provide inaccurate pictures of performance across clinical units, and degrading calibration further complicates our understanding of quality. Updating strategies tailored to health system needs and capacity should be incorporated into model implementation plans to promote the utility and longevity of quality reporting tools.
Illegal Trafficking of Ammunition Along the Iran–Caucasian Border in the Early 20th Century
Authors: Shahvar Soli , Mishaev Anatoly
Published: August 2022

In the early years of the 20th century, unprecedent waves of Iranian subjects poured into Russia, especially to the Southern Caucasus region, in search of better income and better life. Most of them experienced extremely difficult life, which passed in search of food for themselves and their families. However, among the vast majority of the Iranian émigrés, there were those few who were able to succeed in gaining fortune, through business and their personal skills, but there were also those who did it through illegal activities. This article delves on two such Iranians, Piyadadi Jafar Mashadi Jafar-Ogli (Piyadadah Jaʻfar Mashhadi Jaʻfar-Oǧlu) and Yusif Gadji Karbalai (Haji Yusif Karbalaʼi), who were involved in cross-border smuggling activity, with ammunition from Russia to Iran being one of them. Their cases shed light on the dark and secretive corners of the illegal interaction between Russian administrative and military authorities in the Southern Caucasus region and some of the Iranian migrants. In turn, these interactions enable us to ponder on their exceptional expressions in comparison with the interactions with most of the Iranian migrants.
Afghanistan’s Forgotten Boys: Legal Pluralism and Impunity
Authors: Henderson Stacey , Muller Leonie
Published: August 2022

This article critically examines the pluralistic legal environment of Afghanistan, security sector reform processes engaged in by the international community, and the dismissal of the practice of bacha bazi as a cultural issue, which combined to allow the sexual abuse and exploitation of young boys to continue with impunity. The article calls for the United Nations and the international community to show strong, ethical, and transparent leadership on child protection within future mission mandates as a practical implementation of the secondary duty under the responsibility to protect (R2P).
What Controls the Interannual Variability of the Boreal Winter Atmospheric River Activities over the Northern Hemisphere?
Authors: Ma Weiming , Chen Gang
Published: August 2022

Interannual variability of the winter atmospheric river (AR) activities over the Northern Hemisphere is investigated. The leading modes of AR variability over the North Pacific and North Atlantic are first identified and characterized. Over the Pacific, the first mode is characterized by a dipole structure with enhanced AR frequency along the AR peak region at about 30°N and reduced AR frequency farther north. The second mode exhibits a tripole structure with a narrow band of positive AR anomalies at about 30°N and sandwiched by negative anomalies. Over the Atlantic, the first mode exhibits an equatorward shift of the ARs with positive anomalies and negative anomalies located on the equatorward and poleward side of the AR peak region at about 40°N, respectively. The second mode is associated with the strengthening and eastward extension of the AR peak region, which is sandwiched by negative anomalies. A large ensemble of atmospheric global climate models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), which shows high skill in simulating these modes, is then used to quantify the roles of sea surface temperature (SST) forcing versus internal atmospheric variability in driving the formation of these modes. Results show that SST forcing explains about half of the variance for the Pacific leading modes, while that number drops to about a quarter for the Atlantic leading modes, suggesting higher predictability for the Pacific AR variability. An additional ensemble driven only by observed tropical SST is further utilized to demonstrate the more important role that tropical SST plays in controlling the Pacific AR variability while both tropical and extratropical SST exert comparable influences on the Atlantic AR variability.
Depression, anxiety and worry in young Pacific adults in New Zealand during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Siegert Richard J , Narayanan Ajit , Dipnall Joanna , Gossage Lisa , Wrapson Wendy , Sumich Alexander , Merien Fabrice , Berk Michael , Paterson Janis , Tautolo El-Shadan
Published: August 2022

Objective:

To measure symptoms of anxiety, depression and hopelessness in a sample of young Pacific adults living in Auckland, New Zealand during the 2020/2021 COVID-19 pandemic and identify protective factors.

Methods:

Participants were 267 Pacific adults (58% female) who completed a survey online. Analyses included descriptive statistics, correlations, linear regression and symptom network analysis.

Results:

Around 25% of the sample scored in the range for moderate to severe anxiety and 10% for moderate to severe depression on standard measures. Almost 40% indicated that they found the first lockdown very stressful and 55% noted that some members of their family found it stressful. Only 16% worried about COVID-19 and their future quite a bit or constantly, while another 25% worried sometimes. Self-compassion and Pacific Identity had moderate, negative correlations, and Worry about COVID-19 had weak positive correlations, with anxiety, depression, hopelessness and perceived stress.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that, while the prevalence of depression and anxiety are quite high among this population, fostering ethnic identity and self-compassion in Pacific children and adolescents might protect against developing depression and anxiety.
Représentations sociales et figures stéréotypées : le catholique, le croyant et le pratiquant
Authors: Drapeau Emilie
Published: August 2022

This article questions what it means to identify oneself as a Catholic, as a believer and as a religious practitioner for young people (18-35 years old) who declare themselves as Catholics and who live in Quebec. The article presents: 1) the ways of self-identification linked to religious belonging, belief and practice; 2) belief statements and declared practices; and 3) the stereotypical figures constructed from the condensation of social representations contents. The article allows for a better understanding of the meanings associated with religious identifications through the elaboration of stereotypical figures of the “Catholic”, the “believer” and the “practitioner” which help to better understand a reluctance to identify oneself as a full-fledged Catholic, believer and religious practitioner due to the estimation of not corresponding in a perfect adequacy to an idealized model acting as a reference pole.
Pressures From Home and Abroad: Economic Sanctions and Target Government Response to Domestic Campaigns
Authors: Liou Ryan Yu-Lin , Murdie Amanda , Peksen Dursun
Published: August 2022

What effect do economic sanctions have on target governments’ response to citizen campaigns? We assert that sanctions as a signal of international support for campaigners alter the bargaining environment between a target state and the campaign in ways that will likely draw more support from citizens and defections from the ruling base. This will in turn incentivize target leaders to be more conciliatory toward domestic campaigns with maximalist goals, especially when such campaigns are nonviolent. Results from a time-series, cross-national data analysis indicate that sanctions, particularly when they are enforced by multiple senders or with high cost, are effective in increasing the success rate of nonviolent campaigns. Given the plethora of sanctions research that points to their inefficacy and adverse effects, we show that sanctions could be an effective tool to extract concessions from governments facing nonviolent campaigns.
A Half-Century Assessment of the Study of Culture and Emotion
Authors: Matsumoto David , Wilson Matthew
Published: August 2022

Research on emotion and affective sciences is flourishing today like never before. The impetus for this surge is largely rooted in studies of emotion across cultures and coincides with the half century existence of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology (IACCP). Beginning with studies initially documenting the universality of the expression and recognition of certain facial expressions of emotion in the 1970s, cross-cultural research was crucial in providing further evidence for the universality of antecedents, appraisals, subjective experiences, self-reported responses, and physiological reactions throughout the 1980s and 1990s. That same literature also demonstrated the existence of many cultural variations in these emotion domains, as well as in the concepts, language, attitudes, beliefs, and values about emotion. We review this literature with the goal of demonstrating some of the many meaningful and important contributions IACCP and cross-cultural studies have made to the field of emotion and affective sciences. This area of research has also been marred by considerable controversies for almost the entire period of study, and we describe those as well. We conclude with a presentation of current models of understanding the association between culture and emotion that integrate disparate cross-cultural findings and address controversies in the field, in the hope that such models can serve as a platform for renewed cross-cultural research in this area for the next half century and beyond.
Absolutism, Relativism, and Universalism in Personality Traits Across Cultures: The Case of the Big Five
Authors: Thalmayer Amber Gayle , Saucier Gerard , Rotzinger Julia S.
Published: August 2022

Personality is a broad concept used to organize the myriad ways that people differ psychologically from one another. There is evidence that such differences have been important to humans everywhere, in that personality-relevant terms appear in all known languages. Empirical attempts to identify the most useful individual differences and their structure have emphasized cross-cultural evidence, but rigid adherence to a Big Five model has sometimes meant ignoring heterogenous results. We start with a framework for more precisely defining the universality versus cultural-specificity of personality concepts and models in order to better assess cross-cultural evidence. As this 50th anniversary of the IACCP is also the 50th anniversary of the first large lexical study of personality and more or less of the Big Five model, we take the opportunity to explore both how personality has been studied across contexts using the lexical method, and in 100 articles on personality topics (most using questionnaires) that were identified in the pages of JCCP. Personality articles in JCCP, classified into three types based on their balance of emic and etic components, illustrate larger trends in personality psychology. With the benefit of hindsight, we reflect on what each type has to offer going forward, and we encourage cross-cultural personality psychologists to go beyond imposed etic studies that seek primarily to confirm Western models in other contexts. The kinds of insights that more integrative emic and etic approaches can bring to the study of psychology across cultures are highlighted, and a future research agenda is provided.
Music for healing: Black Gnawas and the ‘professional’ practice of dealing with spirits in southeastern Morocco
Authors: Montenegro Silvia
Published: August 2022

In Morocco, people usually call Gnawa those communities of black Moroccans made up of descendants of slaves from sub-Saharan Africa (Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Nigeria, and Guinea) who follow rituals merging Islamic traditions with pre-Islamic African traditions. Gnawa brotherhoods are organised into ‘houses’ called Dar Gnawa. Each house is led by a Mʿallem (a ritual master) who inherits his ancestor’s knowledge and is responsible for a group of apprentice musicians and dancers from the same town or from other places. Music and dancing are key elements in their religious ceremonies. Based on fieldwork carried out in 2012–2016 in a black community living in southeastern Morocco, a village in the desert, 50 km away from the border with Algeria, this article analyses the healing rituals performed by the brotherhood in the two Dar Gnawas in the town, in nearby villages, and in the annual festival. The aim of this article is to explain how Gnawas created their legitimacy and prestige as ‘professional’ healers.
‘Fall girl’: Vertical evacuation and the aesthetics of emergency
Authors: Adey Peter
Published: August 2022

When the Conservative Member of Parliament and Leader of the House of Commons Jacob Rees-Mogg complained on London’s LBC radio that the 72 victims of the 2017 Grenfell fire did not use common sense and simply leave the building, and that he could not understand how it had ‘anything to do with race or class’, he fell into a trap which is now at least 150 years old. This has seen the art and act of evacuating – especially tall buildings – blamed on the evacuees themselves. It is also revealing of an aesthetics of erasure which silences a classed, raced and gendered politics which has served to render certain subjects and bodies as not only victims, but culpable. The vertical evacuee has been considered too slow, too big, too indecisive, too passionate, too weak, too much, too many – too inadequate. In this paper, and in building on a wider politics of verticality and mobility, I pull on several threads of the gendered and raced geographies of high-rise vertical evacuation focusing particularly on the solidaristic movements and expressions of the workers. The paper explores the history of tall building evacuations, focusing on early high-rise factory fires, their investigation, and subsequent changes to fire regulation, building technologies and working practices in North America which affected predominantly young, female and migrant working labour.
Selective humanitarians: how region and conflict perception drive military interventions in intrastate crises
Authors: Kushi Sidita
Published: August 2022

Why are some violent intrastate crises more likely to prompt humanitarian military interventions than others? States appear to intervene robustly in reaction to some internal conflicts, such as Kosovo, but withhold similar options in more intense conflict, as in Darfur. Much of the research on this ‘selectivity gap’ focuses on universal norms or geopolitical interests. I, however, argue that the selectivity of these interventions is a product of regional variations interacting with conflict perceptions. This paper introduces a dataset of almost 1000 observations of intrastate armed conflict between 1989 and 2014, paired with international military responses and non-responses, as well as an Intervention Index that accounts for the intensity of military interventions. I find that once a threshold of human suffering is met via the existence of an internal armed conflict, powerful states will intervene depending on whether the conflict occurs in the Western sphere of influence and whether it is denoted as an identity war. A Western region coupled with no perceptions of identity-based civil war prompts the greatest odds of humanitarian military intervention. Such conclusions carry implications on the role of norms and interests in international politics, as biased by region, and for military intervention as a policy choice.
Swollen hands and feet syndrome: An uncommon presentation of a common disease
Authors: Samanta Joydeep , De Sritama
Published: August 2022

Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by M. leprae with predominant skin and neurological involvement. Although musculoskeletal involvement can occur in leprosy during the disease course, the first presentation of leprosy with musculoskeletal manifestation is relatively rare. Here we present a case that presented musculoskeletal manifestation as an initial feature.
Multinational Military Cooperation in the Global South
Authors: Ferreyra Matías , Soeters Joseph
Published: August 2022

In the 21st century, three international military organizations with standing headquarters in the Global South have emerged in the field of military operations. These are the Southern Cross Peace Force in Latin America, the Africa Standby Force, integrating five subregional African forces, and the Peninsula Shield Force in the command structures of the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. This article examines interorganizational differences and similarities in these three important cases, aiming to provide a deeper understanding of their organizational forms within the global diffusion phenomenon of multinational military cooperation. The article uses a novel comparative framework that bridges a gap in systematic studies of multinational military organizations. It aims to provide a gateway for theoretical growth now and for future studies, in the Global South and elsewhere.
Finding answers to COVID-19-specific questions: An information retrieval system based on latent keywords and adapted TF-IDF
Authors: Chamorro-Padial Jorge , Rodrigo-Ginés Francisco-Javier , Rodríguez-Sánchez Rosa
Published: August 2022

The scientific community has reacted to the COVID-19 outbreak by producing a high number of literary works that are helping us to understand a variety of topics related to the pandemic from different perspectives. Dealing with this large amount of information can be challenging, especially when researchers need to find answers to complex questions about specific topics. We present an Information Retrieval System that uses latent information to select relevant works related to specific concepts. By applying Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) models to documents, we can identify key concepts related to a specific query and a corpus. Our method is iterative in that, from an initial input query defined by the user, the original query is expanded for each subsequent iteration. In addition, our method is able to work with a limited amount of information per article. We have tested the performance of our proposal using human validation and two evaluation strategies, achieving good results in both of them. Concerning the first strategy, we performed two surveys to determine the performance of our model. For all the categories that were studied, precision was always greater than 0.6, while accuracy was always greater than 0.8. The second strategy also showed good results, achieving a precision of 1.0 for one category and scoring over 0.7 points overall.
Experience of Disgust and Symptom Severity in Contamination Subtype of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Role of Experiential Avoidance
Authors: D’Mello Raina Jane , Kumar Ajay
Published: August 2022

Background:

The emotion of disgust has been linked with the underlying nature of the contamination subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder (C-OCD). Prior studies show that disgust contributes to the development of C-OCD by reinforcing avoidance strategies. Therefore, experiential avoidance (EA) may influence the effect between disgust sensitivity (DS) and C-OCD symptom severity. This study aimed to investigate the mediational role of EA between DS and C-OCD severity.

Methods:

A cross-sectional design was adopted with 45 patients of OCD and 45 healthy controls. Both the groups were assessed on the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory, the Disgust Scale (Revised), and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II. Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) checklist and symptom severity scale were additionally administered to the patients with OCD. Independent t-tests, Pearson’s product–moment correlation, regression analysis, and mediation analysis were used.

Results:

DS and EA were positively associated with contamination-washing symptoms and symptom severity. Regression analysis indicated that DS and EA were highly associated with contamination/washing severity scores among both the patients with C-OCD and the healthy controls.

Conclusion:

The study implicates that disgust is a central emotion underlying the presentation of obsessions and compulsions, which are of contamination concerns. Further, EA has a role in the maintenance of OCD through avoidance learning; however, it may not be interacting with DS to cause OCD.
Bias, accuracy and assumed similarity in judging intimate partners’ sexist attitudes
Authors: Waddell Nina , Overall Nickola C.
Published: August 2022

Women and men are particularly vulnerable to the costs of sexism in intimate relationships, which may override relationship enhancement motives that produce positive biases. Inspired by error management principles, we propose that women and men should make biased judgments of intimate partners’ sexist attitudes to help avoid the harmful costs of sexism that occur within mixed-gender relationships. Women may overestimate partners’ hostile sexism because failing to detect men’s hostile sexism should render women especially vulnerable to the risk of maltreatment, whereas women may underestimate partners’ benevolent sexism because expecting special treatment that is unavailable is more costly than receiving unexpected benevolence. By contrast, men may overestimate partners’ benevolent sexism because failing to prevent women’s dissatisfaction and anger when men do not fulfill gallant gender roles would be most costly than providing more benevolence than expected. Comparing perceptions of partners’ attitudes to partners’ actual sexist attitudes in two studies of mixed-gender couples ( N = 91 and 84 dyads) confirmed this gender-differentiated pattern. On average, women overestimated their partners’ hostile sexism and underestimated their partners’ benevolent sexism, whereas men overestimated their partners’ benevolent sexism. Although we did not make predictions about judgments of women’s hostile sexism, analyses also revealed that men underestimated their partners’ hostile sexism. The pattern of bias has important implications for understanding the ways sexist attitudes affect intimate relationships and sustain gender inequality.
2021 MiECTiS focused update on the 2016 position paper for the use of minimal invasive extracorporeal circulation in cardiac surgery
Authors: Anastasiadis Kyriakos , Antonitsis Polychronis , Murkin John , Serrick Cyril , Gunaydin Serdar , El-Essawi Aschraf , Bennett Mark , Erdoes Gabor , Liebold Andreas , Punjabi Prakash , Theodoropoulos Konstantinos C , Kiaii Bob , Wahba Alexander , de Somer Filip , Bauer Adrian , Kadner Alexander , van Boven Wim , Argiriadou Helena , Deliopoulos Apostolos , Baker Robert Α , Breitenbach Ingo , Ince Can , Starinieri Pascal , Jenni Hansjoerg , Popov Vadim , Moorjani Narain , Moscarelli Marco , Di Eusanio Marco , Cale Alex , Shapira Oz , Baufreton Christophe , Condello Ignazio , Merkle Frank , Stehouwer Marco , Schmid Christof , Ranucci Marco , Angelini Gianni , Carrel Thierry
Published: August 2022

The landmark 2016 Minimal Invasive Extracorporeal Technologies International Society (MiECTiS) position paper promoted the creation of a common language between cardiac surgeons, anesthesiologists and perfusionists which led to the development of a stable framework that paved the way for the advancement of minimal invasive perfusion and related technologies. The current expert consensus document offers an update in areas for which new evidence has emerged. In the light of published literature, modular minimal invasive extracorporeal circulation (MiECC) has been established as a safe and effective perfusion technique that increases biocompatibility and ultimately ensures perfusion safety in all adult cardiac surgical procedures, including re-operations, aortic arch and emergency surgery. Moreover, it was recognized that incorporation of MiECC strategies advances minimal invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) by combining reduced surgical trauma with minimal physiologic derangements. Minimal Invasive Extracorporeal Technologies International Society considers MiECC as a physiologically-based multidisciplinary strategy for performing cardiac surgery that is associated with significant evidence-based clinical benefit that has accrued over the years. Widespread adoption of this technology is thus strongly advocated to obtain additional healthcare benefit while advancing patient care.
Stakeholder perspectives of a pilot multicomponent delirium prevention intervention for adult patients with advanced cancer in palliative care units: A behaviour change theory-based qualitative study
Authors: Green Anna , Hosie Annmarie , Phillips Jane L , Kochovska Slavica , Noble Beverly , Brassil Meg , Cumming Anne , Lawlor Peter G , Bush Shirley H , Davis Jan Maree , Edwards Layla , Hunt Jane , Wilcock Julie , Phillipson Carl , Wesley Ely Eugene , Parr Cynthia , Lovell Melanie , Agar Meera
Published: August 2022

Background:

Theory-based and qualitative evaluations in pilot trials of complex clinical interventions help to understand quantitative results, as well as inform the feasibility and design of subsequent effectiveness and implementation trials.

Aim:

To explore patient, family, clinician and volunteer (‘stakeholder’) perspectives of the feasibility and acceptability of a multicomponent non-pharmacological delirium prevention intervention for adult patients with advanced cancer in four Australian palliative care units that participated in a phase II trial, the ‘PRESERVE pilot study’.

Design:

A trial-embedded qualitative study via semi-structured interviews and directed content analysis using Michie’s Behaviour Change Wheel and the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Setting/participants:

Thirty-nine people involved in the trial: nurses ( n = 17), physicians ( n = 6), patients ( n = 6), family caregivers ( n = 4), physiotherapists ( n = 3), a social worker, a pastoral care worker and a volunteer.

Results:

Participants’ perspectives aligned with the ‘capability’, ‘opportunity’ and ‘motivation’ domains of the applied frameworks. Of seven themes, three were around the alignment of the delirium prevention intervention with palliative care (intervention was considered routine care; intervention aligned with the compassionate and collaborative culture of palliative care; and differing views of palliative care priorities influenced perspectives of the intervention) and four were about study processes more directly related to adherence to the intervention (shared knowledge increased engagement with the intervention; impact of the intervention checklist on attention, delivery and documentation of the delirium prevention strategies; clinical roles and responsibilities; and addressing environmental barriers to delirium prevention).

Conclusion:

This theory-informed qualitative study identified multiple influences on the delivery and documentation of a pilot multicomponent non-pharmacological delirium prevention intervention in four palliative care units. Findings inform future definitive studies of delirium prevention in palliative care. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12617001070325; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=373168