bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of heat transport in textiles inspired by polar bear fur
Authors: Adesiji Adedire D. , Brown Keith A.
Published: April 2024

The polar bear and several other Arctic mammals use fur composed of hollow-core fibers to survive in extremely cold environments. Here, we use finite element analysis to elucidate the role that the hollow core plays in regulating thermal transport. Specifically, we establish a three-dimensional model of a textile based on fibers with various core diameters and study transverse heat transport. First, these simulations revealed that textiles based on hollow-core fibers conduct significantly less heat than their solid-core counterparts with fibers with a core-to-fiber diameter ratio of 0.95, reducing thermal transport by 33%. In addition to this decrease in thermal transport, the mass per area of textiles is substantially reduced by making them hollow core. This led us to consider the performance of multi-layer textiles and to find that four-layer hollow-core textiles can exhibit a four-fold decrease in heat flux relative to single-layer solid-core textiles with the same mass per area. Taken together, these simulations show that hollow-core fibers are well suited for thermal insulation applications in which gravimetric thermal insulation is a priority.
Sparse subnetwork inference for neural network epistemic uncertainty estimation with improved Hessian approximation
Authors: Chen Yinsong , Yu Samson , Eshraghian Jason K. , Lim Chee Peng
Published: April 2024

Despite significant advances in deep neural networks across diverse domains, challenges persist in safety-critical contexts, including domain shift sensitivity and unreliable uncertainty estimation. To address these issues, this study investigates Bayesian learning for uncertainty handling in modern neural networks. However, the high-dimensional, non-convex nature of the posterior distribution poses practical limitations for epistemic uncertainty estimation. The Laplace approximation, as a cost-efficient Bayesian method, offers a practical solution by approximating the posterior as a multivariate normal distribution but faces computational bottlenecks in precise covariance matrix computation and storage. This research employs subnetwork inference, utilizing only a subset of the parameter space for Bayesian inference. In addition, a Kronecker-factored and low-rank representation is explored to reduce space complexity and computational costs. Several corrections are introduced to converge the approximated curvature to the exact Hessian matrix. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness and competitiveness of this method, whereas qualitative experiments highlight the impact of Hessian approximation granularity and parameter space utilization in Bayesian inference on mitigating overconfidence in predictions and obtaining high-quality uncertainty estimates.
Deformation-induced HCP phase transformation of CrCoNiSi0.3 medium-entropy alloy under high strain rate tension
Authors: Chang Hui , Zhang Tuanwei , Qiao Junwei , Liaw Peter K. , Jiao Zhiming , Li Zhiqiang , Quan Long , Wang Zhihua
Published: April 2024

The yield strength of a CrCoNiSi0.3 medium-entropy alloy is significantly increased from 450 MPa (quasi-static, 0.001 s−1) to 1600 MPa (at a strain rate of 5000 s−1) under dynamic tension, with a considerable ductility of 60%. The high strain-rate sensitivity (SRS) of strength and work hardening is obtained, and the strength SRS reaches 0.408. The dominant deformation mechanisms are abundant multiple-twinning, increasing fractions of deformation twins and phase transformation from face-centered-cubic to hexagonal-close-packed (HCP) phases with a strain rate. A universal dislocation-hardened constitutive model considering the evolution of the twin and HCP transformation is established to predict the flow stress and microstructure evolution.
Assessing wildfire risk to critical infrastructure in central Chile: application to an electrical substation
Authors: Severino Gonzalo , Fuentes Andrés , Valdivia Alejandro , Auat-Cheein Fernando , Reszka Pedro
Published: April 2024

Background Wildfires have caused significant damage in Chile, with critical infrastructure being vulnerable to extreme wildfires. Aim This work describes a methodology for estimating wildfire risk that was applied to an electrical substation in the wildland–urban interface (WUI) of Valparaíso, Chile. Methods Wildfire risk is defined as the product between the probability of a wildfire reaching infrastructure at the WUI and its consequences or impacts. The former is determined with event trees combined with modelled burn probability. Wildfire consequence is considered as the ignition probability of a proxy fuel within the substation, as a function of the incident heat flux using a probit expression derived from experimental data. The heat flux is estimated using modelled fire intensity and geometry and a corresponding view factor from an assumed solid flame. Key results The probability of normal and extreme fires reaching the WUI is of the order of 10−4 and 10−6 events/year, respectively. Total wildfire risk is of the order of 10−5 to 10−4 events/year Conclusions This methodology offers a comprehensive interpretation of wildfire risk that considers both wildfire likelihood and consequences. Implications The methodology is an interesting tool for quantitatively assessing wildfire risk of critical infrastructure and risk mitigation measures.
Fire and geodiversity
Authors: Hoyland Ruby O. , McHenry Melinda T. , Foster Erin A.
Published: April 2024

Geodiversity elements contribute significantly to local and global hydrological, biogeochemical and ecosystem services and as such, fire is a potentially disruptive force with long-term implications. from limiting karstic speleothems formation, to compounding impacts of peat-fire-erosion cycles. Geodiversity elements additionally possess important cultural, aesthetic, and environmental values, including the support of ecosystem services. Hence, assessments of potential fire damage should consider implications for land users, society, and culture, alongside the geomorphic impacts on geodiversity elements. With a view to providing a concise set of descriptors of the response of geodiversity elements to fire, we qualify and in places, quantify, how fire may degrade geosystem function. Where possible, we highlight the influence of fire intensity and frequency gradients, and cumulative fire, in the deterioration of geodiversity values. Geoconservation is integral to protected areas with implications from fire effected geodiversity functions and values presenting issues for management, with potential consequences extending through to delisting, degazetting, and resizing of protected areas. Future research in reserve systems should concentrate on understanding the synergistic and compounding effects of fire on the geophysical landscape.
The genetic regulatory architecture and epigenomic basis for age-related changes in rattlesnake venom
Authors: Hogan Michael P. , Holding Matthew L. , Nystrom Gunnar S. , Colston Timothy J. , Bartlett Daniel A. , Mason Andrew J. , Ellsworth Schyler A. , Rautsaw Rhett M. , Lawrence Kylie C. , Strickland Jason L. , He Bing , Fraser Peter , Margres Mark J. , Gilbert David M. , Gibbs H. Lisle , Parkinson Christopher L. , Rokyta Darin R.
Published: April 2024

Developmental phenotypic changes can evolve under selection imposed by age- and size-related ecological differences. Many of these changes occur through programmed alterations to gene expression patterns, but the molecular mechanisms and gene-regulatory networks underlying these adaptive changes remain poorly understood. Many venomous snakes, including the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (
Crotalus adamanteus
), undergo correlated changes in diet and venom expression as snakes grow larger with age, providing models for identifying mechanisms of timed expression changes that underlie adaptive life history traits. By combining a highly contiguous, chromosome-level genome assembly with measures of expression, chromatin accessibility, and histone modifications, we identified cis-regulatory elements and trans-regulatory factors controlling venom ontogeny in the venom glands of
C. adamanteus
. Ontogenetic expression changes were significantly correlated with epigenomic changes within genes, immediately adjacent to genes (e.g., promoters), and more distant from genes (e.g., enhancers). We identified 37 candidate transcription factors (TFs), with the vast majority being up-regulated in adults. The ontogenetic change is largely driven by an increase in the expression of TFs associated with growth signaling, transcriptional activation, and circadian rhythm/biological timing systems in adults with corresponding epigenomic changes near the differentially expressed venom genes. However, both expression activation and repression contributed to the composition of both adult and juvenile venoms, demonstrating the complexity and potential evolvability of gene regulation for this trait. Overall, given that age-based trait variation is common across the tree of life, we provide a framework for understanding gene-regulatory-network-driven life-history evolution more broadly.
From doing work on your own talk to doing work on others’ talk
Authors: Schirm Sam
Published: April 2024

Research on L2 interactional competence (IC) has become increasingly focused on how L2 speakers develop and
recalibrate linguistic resources to do interactional work, i.e., how L2 speakers develop a
grammar-for-interaction (Pekarek Doehler 2018). In this paper, I
use interactional linguistics to track one L2 German speaker’s IC development over 11 months by analyzing her use of German
also (English ‘so’) in formulations (see Deppermann 2011; Heritage & Watson 1979, 1980). In initial
months, the L2 speaker uses also exclusively to do work on her own prior talk, e.g., in upshots, consequences,
and unpackings. The L2 speaker’s initial also uses contribute to moves that maintain intersubjectivity by
ensuring her co-interactant’s understanding of her own talk. In later months, the L2 speaker diversifies her uses of
also, including uses oriented to co-interactants’ prior talk that address manifest problems of
intersubjectivity: to preface an other-correction of an incorrect candidate understanding, and to preface turns addressing a
co-interactant’s problem of understanding. The L2 speaker’s changing also uses demonstrate her ability to
contribute to interactional organization in increasingly diverse ways, evidencing a developing grammar-for-interaction. I end by
calling for more research on the L2 development of linguistic resources that primarily serve interactional functions, such as
particles.
Transcending medical consultations
Authors: Álvaro Aranda Cristina
Published: April 2024

The role of healthcare interpreters has attracted much interest over the years, with particular emphasis on the
distance between an invisible, uninvolved prescribed behaviour that contrasts with the interpreters’ behaviour in practice as
active participants. However, much of the existing literature focuses on unfolding medical consultations where providers, patients
and interpreters are simultaneously present, often overlooking situations when interpreters are left alone with patients. This
involves areas of special role complexity in which interpreters must choose whether or not to become visible to the patient in
what has been defined as the in-between (Shaffer, 2020). This contribution aims to
observe the healthcare interpreter’s role beyond the very act of the medical interview. Inspired by Shaffer (2020), we examine 66 moments “in-between” involving a sample of six interpreters (including four
student interns) that took place prior, mid and end of consultations in a Spanish hospital. Rather than staying invisible, our
analysis reveals that interpreters of the sample often participate in moments in-between (89.39%) to enact different roles (i.e.,
companion/confidant, advocate for the profession, mediator, institutional navigator, and healthcare ambassador). Among other
aspects, triggers for role adoption in the in-between space include preventing conflict and deploying empathy. In this study, the
behaviour of interpreters has demonstrated to influence the subsequent development of medical consultations (e.g., saving time or
facilitating history taking). In light of preliminary findings that must be interpreted considering our research context, the next
step is to examine how the healthcare interpreter’s behaviour in the in-between zone can facilitate interprofessional
collaboration to provide patients with quality-care.
Motile aeromonas septicaemia infection in African catfish (
Clarias gariepinus
, Burchell, 1822): A review
Authors: Omeje Victor Okonkwo , Kolndadacha Oscar Dahenji
Published: April 2024

African catfish,
Clarias gariepinus,
is among the important fish species cultured in sub-Saharan Africa. Because of the high stocking densities commonly seen in culture facilities, disease-causing organisms such as
Aeromonas hydrophila
is prevalent among cultured
C. gariepinus
.
A. hydrophila
is one of the Gram-negative bacteria commonly encountered in an aquatic environment worldwide. The organism has been associated with several disease conditions in fish including tail rot, fin rot and haemorrahagic septicaemia. The bacterium also infects a variety of aquatic, terrestrial and arboreal animals including man. The objective of this study was to systematically review the relevant literature on
A. hydrophila
infection in
C. gariepinus
. The study has analysed the current status of the disease, its epidemiology, clinical manifestations and pathology, and suggested methods to mitigate its impacts on fish production, especially in low-income developing countries.
Phospho-KNL-1 recognition by a TPR domain targets the BUB-1–BUB-3 complex to C. elegans kinetochores
Authors: Houston Jack , Vissotsky Clémence , Deep Amar , Hakozaki Hiroyuki , Crews Enice , Oegema Karen , Corbett Kevin D. , Lara-Gonzalez Pablo , Kim Taekyung , Desai Arshad
Published: April 2024

During mitosis, the Bub1–Bub3 complex concentrates at kinetochores, the microtubule-coupling interfaces on chromosomes, where it contributes to spindle checkpoint activation, kinetochore-spindle microtubule interactions, and protection of centromeric cohesion. Bub1 has a conserved N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain followed by a binding motif for its conserved interactor Bub3. The current model for Bub1–Bub3 localization to kinetochores is that Bub3, along with its bound motif from Bub1, recognizes phosphorylated “MELT” motifs in the kinetochore scaffold protein Knl1. Motivated by the greater phenotypic severity of BUB-1 versus BUB-3 loss in C. elegans, we show that the BUB-1 TPR domain directly recognizes a distinct class of phosphorylated motifs in KNL-1 and that this interaction is essential for BUB-1–BUB-3 localization and function. BUB-3 recognition of phospho-MELT motifs additively contributes to drive super-stoichiometric accumulation of BUB-1–BUB-3 on its KNL-1 scaffold during mitotic entry. Bub1’s TPR domain interacts with Knl1 in other species, suggesting that collaboration of TPR-dependent and Bub3-dependent interfaces in Bub1–Bub3 localization and functions may be conserved.
Functional diversity of NLRP3 gain-of-function mutants associated with CAPS autoinflammation
Authors: Cosson Camille , Riou Romane , Patoli Danish , Niu Tingting , Rey Amaury , Groslambert Marine , De Rosny Charlotte , Chatre Elodie , Allatif Omran , Henry Thomas , Venet Fabienne , Milhavet Florian , Boursier Guilaine , Belot Alexandre , Jamilloux Yvan , Merlin Etienne , Duquesne Agnès , Grateau Gilles , Savey Léa , Jacques Maria Alexandre Thibault , Pagnier Anne , Poutrel Solène , Lambotte Olivier , Mallebranche Coralie , Ardois Samuel , Richer Olivier , Lemelle Irène , Rieux-Laucat Frédéric , Bader-Meunier Brigitte , Amoura Zahir , Melki Isabelle , Cuisset Laurence , Touitou Isabelle , Geyer Matthias , Georgin-Lavialle Sophie , Py Bénédicte F.
Published: April 2024

NLRP3-associated autoinflammatory disease is a heterogenous group of monogenic conditions caused by NLRP3 gain-of-function mutations. The poor functional characterization of most NLRP3 variants hinders diagnosis despite efficient anti-IL-1 treatments. Additionally, while NLRP3 is controlled by priming and activation signals, gain-of-functions have only been investigated in response to priming. Here, we characterize 34 NLRP3 variants in vitro, evaluating their activity upon induction, priming, and/or activation signals, and their sensitivity to four inhibitors. We highlight the functional diversity of the gain-of-function mutants and describe four groups based on the signals governing their activation, correlating partly with the symptom severity. We identify a new group of NLRP3 mutants responding to the activation signal without priming, associated with frequent misdiagnoses. Our results identify key NLRP3 residues controlling inflammasome activity and sensitivity to inhibitors, and antagonistic mechanisms with broader efficacy for therapeutic strategies. They provide new insights into NLRP3 activation, an explanatory mechanism for NLRP3-AID heterogeneity, and original tools for NLRP3-AID diagnosis and drug development.
Contrast source inversion of sparse targets through multi-resolution Bayesian compressive sensing
Authors: Salucci Marco , Poli Lorenzo , Zardi Francesco , Tosi Luca , Lusa Samantha , Massa Andrea
Published: April 2024

The retrieval of non-Born scatterers is addressed within the contrast source inversion (CSI) framework by means of a novel multi-step inverse scattering method that jointly exploits prior information on the class of targets under investigation and progressively-acquired knowledge on the domain under investigation. The multi-resolution (MR) representation of the unknown contrast sources is iteratively retrieved by applying a Bayesian compressive sensing (BCS) sparsity-promoting approach based on a constrained relevance vector machine solver. Representative examples of inversions from synthetic and experimental data are reported to give some indications on the reliability and the robustness of the proposed MR-BCS-CSI method. Comparisons with recent and competitive state-of-the-art alternatives are reported, as well.
A method for semi-empirical calculation of isospin mixing probability in nuclei
Authors: Sarkar Sukhendusekhar
Published: April 2024

A method has been proposed for an isolated two-level model calculation of isospin mixing probability in nuclei. It uses minimum experimental inputs. This method is capable of locating the unperturbed levels of an observed isospin mixed doublet. Isospin mixing probabilities, unperturbed level energies of the observed doublets and isospin mixing matrix elements are calculated for five self-conjugate isotopes of (Mg, P, S, Cl, Ar). Using experimental Gamow-Teller strength data, large isospin mixing probability (

39.572

−
8.271

+
9.082

%) has been found in the observed doublet (1+, 1+) at 9828.0 and 9965.3 keV, respectively, in 24Mg. This is probably the largest isospin mixing ever found in a nucleus. This is much larger than that

(

20.000

−
9.904

+
9.142

%) has been found recently in non self-conjugate 26Si sd-shell nucleus. This is also larger than that

(

27.5

+
2.5

−
2.5

%) has been measured in non self-conjugate fp-shell nucleus 55Ni. Calculated mixing probability in 24Mg has been used to predict the unknown Gamow-Teller strength for the transitions from the levels of 24Al and 24Alm to the levels in 24Mg. The method is general enough to be applicable to other two-level model applications.
Atom pair bond approach: an efficient method for determining the lattice parameters of NiAs-type compounds and comparative analysis with computational databases
Authors: Bhattacharya Devaparna , Akhil T , Bai V Seshu , Rajasekharan T
Published: April 2024

Comparison of EOS properties such as lattice parameters, bulk modulus, etc calculated by density functional theory (DFT) with experiments is used, in general, to assess the precision reachable in computations, when using different codes and potentials. DFT calculations using a large number of codes and potentials by different groups, have reported excellent precision (0.02 Å) in the lattice parameters of 71 elements. It is of interest to study the precision levels reachable in compounds of hexagonal NiAs type crystal structure, in which a wide range of electrical conductivity and magnetic order are found to occur. In this study, lattice parameters for 42 intermetallic compounds of the NiAs type structure are determined from internal radii using the Atom Pair Bond method. These values are compared with the lattice parameters reported from the high throughput DFT computational techniques such as AFLOW and Materials Project compilations. Precision in lattice parameters obtainable in the three methods is assessed in comparison with those reported from the experiments. Selection of a set of compounds of same crystal structure brings out the role of differences in the electronic structure of elements involved. In the APB method, lattice parameters are obtained by the best-fit equations defined by radii change in a large number of compounds with a particular structure, and do not involve several approximations, unlike in DFT. It is interesting to see that the simple APB approach could estimate lattice parameters with accuracies comparable to DFT methods.
Revealing photoluminescence and nonlinear optical absorption characteristics of PbMo0.75W0.25O4 single crystal for optical limiting applications
Authors: Doğan Anıl , Karatay Ahmet , Isik Mehmet , Yildiz Elif Akhuseyin , Gasanly Nizami , Elmali Ayhan
Published: April 2024

Nonlinear absorption properties of PbMo0.75W0.25O4 single crystal fabricated by the Czochralski method were studied. The band gap energy of the crystal was determined as 3.12 eV. Urbach energy which represents the defect states inside the band gap was found to be 0.106 eV. PbMo0.75W0.25O4 single crystal has a broad photoluminescence emission band between 376 and 700 nm, with the highest emission intensity occurring at 486 nm and the lowest intensity peak at 547 nm, depending on the defect states. Femtosecond transient absorption measurements reveal that the lifetime of localized defect states is found to be higher than the 4 ns pulse duration. Open aperture (OA) Z-scan results demonstrate that the PbMo0.75W0.25O4 single crystal exhibits nonlinear absorption (NA) that includes two-photon absorption (TPA) as the dominant mechanism at the 532 nm excitations corresponding to 2.32 eV energy. NA coefficient (β

eff
) increased from 7.24 × 10−10 m W−1 to 8.81 × 10−10 m W−1 with increasing pump intensity. At higher intensities β

eff
tends to decrease with intensity increase. This decrease is an indication that saturable absorption (SA) occurred along with the TPA, called saturation of TPA. The lifetime of the defect states was measured by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Saturable absorption behavior was observed due to the long lifetime of the localized defect states. Closed aperture (CA) Z-scan trace shows the sign of a nonlinear refractive index. The optical limiting threshold of PbMo0.75W0.25O4 single crystal at the lowest intensity was determined as 3.45 mJ/cm2. Results show that the PbMo0.75W0.25O4 single crystal can be a suitable semiconductor material for optical limiting applications in the visible region.
4D printing and annealing of PETG composites reinforced with short carbon fibers
Authors: Rahmatabadi Davood , Soleyman Elyas , Fallah Min Bashi Mahshid , Aberoumand Mohammad , Soltanmohammadi Kianoosh , Ghasemi Ismaeil , Baniassadi Majid , Abrinia Karen , Bodaghi Mahdi , Baghani Mostafa
Published: April 2024

In this study, for the first time, post-heat treatment was applied to improve the stress recovery of short carbon fiber reinforced PETG (SCFRPETG). PETG and SCFRPETG composite were printed under optimal conditions, and constrained and free shape memory cycles were applied under compression and three-point bending loadings to assess shape and stress recovery. The results of the free shape memory test for both vertical and horizontal patterns showed that PETG composite also has a higher shape memory effect (SME) compared to PETG. The SME was significantly improved by performing heat treatment. The stress recovery values for pure PETG, reinforced PETG before and after annealing are 2.48 MPa, 3.04 MPa and 3.18 MPa, respectively. It showed that the addition of 1.5% carbon fiber increases the stress recovery by 22%. The increasing trend reaches 28% by performing post-heat treatment. Additionally, altering the printing pattern affects the programming and stress recovery values. For the SCFRPETG composite samples before and after annealing, changing the printing pattern from horizontal to vertical, resulted in a 16% and 7% increase in recovery stress, respectively. SEM results confirm that the annealing process removes the layered structure, micro-holes caused by shrinkage and 4D printing mechanism. Using the controlled heat treatment method can be a practical solution to solve the problem of adhesion and reduce the anisotropy of FDM 3D printed layers.
Enhanced structural, magnetodielectric, and multiferroic response in Fe and Co Co-doped Barium strontium titanate ceramics
Authors: Khan Arbaz Reyaz , Goel Rahul , Gupta Aayush , Tripathi Harshit , Kumar Naveen , Bhardwaj Sumit , Kumar Sanjeev , Sharma Indu , Kumar Gagan , Sharma Pankaj , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: April 2024

In this paper, the ambient temperature multiferroic effect resulting from the incorporation of transition metal ions (Fe3+ and Co2+) in lead-free BST [

Ba

0.7

Sr

0.3

(

Fe

x
/
2

Co

x
/
2

)

Ti

1
−
x

O

3

;
x
=
0
,
0.0
1
,
0.03
,
0.05
,
0.07

] ceramics synthesized via the solid-state reaction (SSR) procedure has been thoroughly analyzed. The investigation consistently scrutinized the effects of augmenting transition metal co-doping on the structural, ferroelectric, dielectric, magnetic, and magnetodielectric characteristics. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for all ceramic compositions demonstrated the formation of a monophasic (P4mm) crystalline structure. The Raman analysis evidenced the presence of various modes, which are associated with the occurrence of the single-phase and provide strong corroboration for the x-ray diffraction observations. Scanning electron micrographs reveals that the inclusion of transition metal ions results in the diminution of grain size. The frequency-dependent dielectric characteristics were represented over the frequency range of 1 kHz to 1 MHz. The P-E hysteresis curves demonstrate a consistent reduction in the values of Ps and Pr, whereas, the M-H curve reveals the enhancement in magnetic properties with increased doping. The magnetodielectric analysis confirmed the interplay between the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic ordering. The BST-1CF sample exhibited the highest MC % value of 5.30% along with the magnetoelectric coupling coefficient ‘γ’ of

−
6.0
1
×

10

−
1

(
memu
/
g
)

−
2

,

making it a favorable entrant for the advancement of innovative non-volatile multiferroic memory gadgets.
Enhancing hierarchical remote preparation of an arbitrary n-qudit equatorial state by weak measurement and measurement reversal
Authors: Yan Xia , Ma Songya , Jin Si
Published: April 2024

Based on the demand for safer and more efficient quantum network communication, we propose two deterministic protocols to achieve the remote preparation of an arbitrary n-qudit equatorial states among multiple agents by selecting appropriate entanglement resources. The level of the agents varies depending on their authorities to restore the secret state. The superior agent requires the cooperation of the residual superior agents and any one of the subordinate agents, while the subordinate agent needs the help of all the other agents. To be emphasized, the recovery operations are deduced by general formulas that distinctly elucidate their relevance with the measurement outcomes. Additionally, we discuss the impact of amplitude damping noise and utilize weak measurement and measurement reversal to suppress noise.
DFT+U, TB-mBJ, and hybrid approaches: investigating electronic topology and magnetic properties in Sn-doped Co2TiGa
Authors: Bensaid Djillali , Yahia Azzaz , Hebri Salem , Bendouma Doumi , Noureddine Moulay
Published: April 2024

Cobalt-based Heusler compounds represent a new class of Heusler alloys which absorbed a lot of attention due to their performance in spintronics and magnetic devices. in this paper we have studied and analyzed the electronic structure and half-metallic ferromagnetic properties of Co2TiGa and Sn substituted at Ga site via the density functional theory (DFT) based first principle calculations with GGA-PBE, PBE+U, TB-MBJ exchange correlation potential and HSE06 approach. The band structure topology indicates that the parent ternary Heusler compound is ferromagnetic half-metallic with a half-metallic gap (band gap in the minority channel). The gap is increased according to the correction made on the exchange correlation potential. The half-metallic ferromagnetic behavior is confirmed by the total magnetizations which are very close to integrals Bohr magneton (1 μ
B and 3μ
B for Co2TiGa and Mn2TiGa0.5Sn0.5, respectively). The origin of half-metallic ferromagnetic is the p − d exchange and double-exchange interaction between the Co d-t2g states and neighboring Ti atom. The substitution effect on half-metallicity for Co2TiGa0.5 Sn0.5 was investigated in the tetragonal structure. The spontaneous magnetization obeyed the Slater-Pauling rule, indicating the Co2TiGa0.5 Sn0.5 is half-metal with 100% spin polarization.
Dynamic analysis based on a memristive hyperchaotic system with stable unfixed point and its synchronization application
Authors: Zhu Kailing , Bai Yulong , Dong Qianqian
Published: April 2024

A novel two-memristor hyperchaotic system is obtained by introducing a cubic magnetic-controlled memristor and a hyperbolic sine function memristor. The dynamics of the new system are analyzed by various techniques such as Lyapunov exponents, complexity, 0–1 test, bifurcation diagram and phase diagram. The results demonstrate that the new system exhibits complex dynamic behaviors, including transient chaos, transient transition, intermittent chaos, and offset-boosting. Notably, a rare phenomenon with stable unfixed point has been discovered in this newly proposed system. The largest Lyapunov exponent of the stable unfixed point fluctuates around 0 and remains predominantly less than or equal to 0. Despite this, the new system still partially exhibits chaotic characteristics, indicating that the stable unfixed point can be regarded as a local chaotic attractor. Furthermore, there are four types of coexisting attractors with period-period, chaos-chaos, chaos-stable unfixed point and stable unfixed point-stable unfixed point in the new system. The circuit design is implemented to validate the accuracy of the memristive chaotic system, and the consistency between numerical calculations and simulation results is confirmed. Finally, the coupling synchronization and tracking synchronization methods are designed, which hold practical applications in the field of secure communication, control systems and signal processing.
Magnetic splitting of electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption spectra in a standing-wave coupled lambda-type system
Authors: Hussain Bakht , Khan Sadiq Nawaz , Ilyas Muhammad , Anwar Muhammad , Ikram Manzoor
Published: April 2024

We study the splitting of traveling wave and standing wave coupled Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) and Electromagnetically Induced enhanced Absorption (EIA) lines in the presence of a uniform magnetic field in an Electromagnetically Induced Grating (EIG). We realize a Λ-type system in a room-temperature Doppler-broadened buffer-gas-free, unshielded vapor cell of pure 133Cs atoms. Different orientations of the magnetic field are studied while the polarizations of the coupling and probe laser beams are arranged in the lin⊥lin configuration. The effects of the different field directions on the EIT and the EIG-induced EIA are explained in light of the existing theory. The magnetically induced high-contrast features in the EIG scheme are also discussed in comparison to the low-contrast EIT features observed for the same strengths of magnetic field.
Engineering the flexibility and elastic modulus of graphene by heterojunctions
Authors: Liu Lizhao , Li Yi , Jiang Xue
Published: April 2024

Graphene shows both superior flexibility and excellent mechanical strength. The fabricated graphene samples usually contain various defects like grain boundaries, which can either enhance or weaken the mechanical strength of graphene. So, exploring the effects of grain boundaries on the flexibility of graphene is useful in designing graphene-based flexible devices. Employing the first-principles calculation, flexibilities of graphene heterojunctions were studied, aiming to tailor the flexibility of graphene by heterojunctions. Here, by connecting armchair (AC) and zigzag (ZZ) graphene through grain boundaries, graphene heterojunctions with tunable AC to ZZ ratio were constructed. It was found that bending moduli, as well as Young’s moduli, of graphene heterojunctions are lower than the pristine graphene and can be further tailored by the AC to ZZ ratio, making graphene heterojunctions more flexible than graphene. Particularly, changing the AC to ZZ ratio can even alter the relative flexibility of graphene heterojunctions in different directions. Therefore, graphene heterojunction provides an approach to engineer the flexibility of graphene, which is helpful in understanding the mechanical properties of two-dimensional materials and designing the flexible devices.
White light diffraction phase microscopy for imaging of red blood cells for different storage times
Authors: Kocahan Özlem , Çelebioğlu Nesrin , Uyanık Merve
Published: April 2024

In this study, the effects of different storage times on the surface morphology of red blood cells (RBCs) were investigated using white light diffraction phase microscopy (WDPM). Blood samples collected from 10 volunteer and stored for 56 days, were imaged on WDPM at every 7 days without any sample preparation. To obtain the phase profiles of RCBs, first the sample and then the reference interferograms were obtained from the experimental setup. Then, surface profiles were calculated from these interferogram images using Fourier transform (FT). With the experiment performed every 7 days, 10 RBC phase information were obtained from each sample and surface profiles were created. From these profiles, 7 parameters related with RBC morphology (average cell thickness—ACT; mean corpuscular volume—MCV; projected surface area—PSA; total surface area—SA; diameter—D; mean corpuscular haemoglobin—MCH; surface area to volume ratio - SAV) have been calculated. Therefore, changes in the morphology of RBCs during storage were evaluated quantitatively. Additionally, phase calibration target was used to confirm the accuracy of our experimental setup system. From the interferogram images, the depth of the phase target (GRP 9 and element 3) was obtained as 309 nm, in accordance with the produced depth. By this way, the reliability of the WDPM setup is demonstrated. This study suggests that the morphology of RBCs can be quantitatively obtained in a reliable manner at higher resolution with WDPM without sample preparation.
Studies on effect of failure modes on mechanical properties of staggered composites
Authors: A J Abhirami , S Anup
Published: April 2024

Biological materials such as bone, nacre, antler, and teeth are gifted with excellent mechanical properties that have inspired the development of synthetic composites. These superior properties are attributed to the geometrical as well as the material properties of the constituents at a small scale. This paper is focused on the influence of failure modes over the mechanical properties including stiffness, strength, and toughness, after the failure of different interfaces in staggered bio-inspired structures such as regular and stairwise staggered arrangements where stiff platelets are embedded in a pliant matrix. In order to find these properties, this article develops a novel analytical model for stress transfer and effective Young’s modulus of a stairwise staggered composite based on composite micro-mechanics principles. The results indicate that the failure sequence indeed influences mechanical characteristics such as stiffness, strength, and toughness. Also, the results from the present study is capable of quantifying the major contribution of toughness that is obtained from the vertical interface failure, which is ignored in previous studies for estimating the toughness. The results indicate that a toughness contribution as high as 56% from the inclusion of the first failure can be obtained in a stairwise staggered composite. The influence of significant parameters like Young’s moduli ratio between the platelet and matrix (

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p

/

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m

) over the strength at different modes of failure showed that the strength at first and second failures increases as the

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/

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ratio increases. The findings of this study hold significant potential for predicting the failure sequences with their quantified contributions towards the mechanical properties of a bio-inspired staggered composite.
Strategic roadmap for optimising vehicle emission reductions and electrification
Authors: Nakamoto Yuya , Tokito Shohei , Hanaka Tesshu
Published: April 2024

Prompted by policy support, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have become increasingly popular in many countries and economies. To ensure that vehicle electrification contributes to reduction in emissions, governments should develop appropriate transition plans that consider the lifecycle CO2emissions of these vehicles. In this study, we aimed to establish an emission reduction-focused transition trajectory for vehicle electrification using lifecycle optimisation. Through a Japan-centric case study spanning from 2005 to 2055, we identified an optimal fuel-type progression for car owners, underlining the potential for BEVs to be introduced in the 2030s, a decade ahead of the baseline, if higher emission reduction can be attained. Policymakers are advised to facilitate a gradual shift toward hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles that initially outperform BEVs in emissions, until a robust level of lifecycle CO2reduction is achieved within the automotive sector. This study contributes to the discourse by offering a strategic roadmap for maximising emission reduction through targeted vehicle electrification, making it pertinent and informative for both policymakers and stakeholders. The insights underscore the critical role of deliberate policy interventions in orchestrating a sustainable and effective transition toward a lower-emission transportation paradigm.
Theoretical Foundations of Designing for Darkness
Authors: Stone Taylor
Published: April 2024

This paper sketches the theoretical foundations of designing for darkness. Drawing from (lighting) design theory, philosophy of technology, and environmental ethics, it argues that we have an opportunity to re-examine the meaning and experiences of darkness, exploring why and how we should protect or re-introduce darkness into urban nightscapes – not as a constraint, but a constructive goal for urban lighting. It is further positioned as a formative, not prescriptive, framework: bounding and guiding a flexible design process, and able to inform different strategies and approaches. Framed in this way, three core principles are outlined that serve as moral and aesthetic goals for urban lighting. The first is aspirational, situating ‘darkening cities’ as a type of urban (ecological) restoration akin to greening cities. This requires seeing urban darkness as a critical natural infrastructure that can bring both material and social benefits. The second is evaluative, specifying the value-level design requirements to be fostered in urban nightscapes. Lighting strategies should, as a prima facie obligation, promote and preserve the values of darkness. The third principle is experiential, exploring how strategies can create the conditions for positive experiences of – and engagement with – urban darkness. In combination, they offer a means to specify darkness as a design requirement, as well as a reflexive tool to assess and refine the overarching theory of designing for darkness.
Light formed through urban morphology and different organism groups: First findings from a systematic review.
Authors: Dincel S , Besenecker U , Koch D , Zielinska-Dabkowska KM
Published: April 2024

The prevailing implementation and usage of contemporary lighting technologies and design practices in cities have created over-illuminated built environments. Recent studies indicate that exposure to electric lighting effects formed through spatial characteristics has visual, physiological, and behavioural effects on both humans and non-humans, such as wildlife. In order to gain a better understanding of the impact that electric lighting has on space and different organism groups, a comprehensive literature review was conducted applying PRISMA 2020 systematic review guidelines. Results of the searches from various databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus, identified 5260 related studies. A total of 55 papers connected to four themes: (1) urban morphology; (2) human visual impressions; (3) ecological impacts; and (4) design approaches and methods were analysed with a focus on urban morphology. The review provided the following general findings: lighting properties alone are inadequate to depict visual impressions of pedestrians, patterns formed through light interacting with spatial characteristics can contribute to understanding how spaces are visually perceived and help characterising the exposure of wildlife organisms to potential disturbances.
Coping with darkness: residents’ experience of reduced outdoor lighting in neighbourhoods
Authors: Mattsson P , Smidt-Hart B
Published: April 2024

Despite ongoing replacement of old lighting installations with new energy-efficient light emitting diodes, the energy crisis has led to the implementation of strategies for reducing energy use for public outdoor lighting in neighbourhood environments. This would save money and reduce light pollution; however, the situations should be evaluated from the residents’ perspective. This paper presents a pilot study, which aimed to explore how residents experience and respond to reduced outdoor lighting in their neighbourhoods during dark hours, by applying the adapted Human-Environment Interaction model to understand the relation between outdoor lighting quality, neighbourhood quality and local independent mobility from the residents’ perspective. The pilot study was based on a short questionnaire (N =76, 29 males, 47 females, Mage = 66.66 years) and telephone or online interviews (N = 13, 5 males, 8 females, Mage = 68.08 years) with the residents living in the neighbourhood areas, in Southern Sweden, where strategies were employed for reducing the use of public outdoor lighting. Data were collected between February and March 2023. Overall, the results affirmed the important role of outdoor lighting quality in residents’ experience of neighbourhood environments and local independent mobility (i.e. the ability of residents to walk or move around on their own in their neighbourhood area), whereas the effect of reduced outdoor lighting was rather insignificant. The interviews further showed different experiences of the reduced outdoor lighting and how the residents coped with the lighting conditions by using solutions (i.e. headlamps, flashlights, bike lamps and reflectors), and that high-level perceived safety from crime in the neighbourhoods was found to play an important role in local independent mobility during dark hours. The adapted conceptual model allowed for the evaluation of outdoor lighting conditions considering both internal and external factors from the residents’ perspective, and could provide a basis for discussion about potential changes in public outdoor lighting.
Co-designing safe and sustainable darkness for northern urban places
Authors: Vuorenmaa R , Pihlajaniemi H , Parhankangas O
Published: April 2024

The technological development, quantitative increase and qualitative design of urban lighting have succeeded in improving the safety and comfort of urban spaces. In this context, dark and dimly lit places appear as undesirable, even dangerous. However, the disadvantages of overlighting are increasingly being identified. On the other hand, darkness has well-being effects and aesthetic values in urban environments. The Safe and Sustainable Darkness project studies the frameworks for dimmer urban lighting: how to find room for lower lighting levels and darker places, respecting the diverse use of spaces and the values and experiences of city residents. In the article, we present participatory process for design and implementation of safe and sustainable urban darkness. The expertise and understanding of two different groups is of interest. Interviews of various professionals in the city organization reveal how illuminated and un-illuminated places are perceived from an administrative perspective. Inhabitants and users of urban space share their insight of the meanings, potential and context of the existing and future dark places. By combining the research material from interviews, crowdsourcing, workshops and evaluated pilot installation, we propose a co-design methodology to create enjoyable dimly lit and un-illuminated urban spaces.
Poetic Daylight – a pavilion for the perception of daylight
Authors: Grønlund L , Mathiasen N , Sørensen P , Frandsen A K
Published: April 2024

Daylight provides us with an understanding of time and space, specifying where we are in the world, every day. We delight in experiencing the changeability of daylight – from morning to evening perceiving how light and darkness affect the spaces surrounding us. This paper highlights daylight as one of the central elements in architecture, by emphasising its qualitative potentials: creating healthy, aesthetic, and poetic spaces. The setting for this study is a 1:1 pavilion, Poetic Daylight, built for the UIA Conference in Copenhagen. Presenting studies of scale models 1:10 and studies of the built 1:1 pavilion, this study lays out the possibilities and potentials in the use of scale models when designing spaces, with a focus on the qualitative appearances of daylight. Bearing the distinction laid out by Vitruvius in mind, i.e. firmitas, utilitas and venustas, the pavilion focuses on venustas (beauty or delight) in order to form spaces where the atmosphere and the beauty of daylight can be perceived and experienced. The Vitruvian concept of beauty, together with J. J. Gibson’s definition of the perception of an environment, constitutes the theoretical framework. The analysis and the description of the three different spaces in the pavilion relates to the theory on defining light as presented by Anders Liljefors in his compendium: “Seende och Ljusstrålning” where he describes seven variables of light and Sophus Frandsen’s definition of the four different kinds of shadows. The methodology involves the development of models, observations, and representations. This study shows that using 1:10 scale models in the design process to include qualitative aspects of daylight is practicable and effective, producing tangible and transferable knowledge that will influence the experience and perception of daylight in the built 1:1 pavilion, Poetic Daylight.