bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study on rapid simulation of mine roadway fires for emergency decision-making
Authors: Chen Yangqin , Liu Jian , Zhou Qichao , Liu Li , Wang Dong
Published: January 2024

In traditional mine fire simulation, the FDS simulation software has been verified by large-scale and full-size fire experiments. The resulting calculations closely align with real-world scenarios, making it a valuable tool for simulating mine fires. However, when a fire occurs in a mine, utilizing FDS software to predict the fire situation in the mine entails a sequence of steps, including modeling, environmental parameter setting, arithmetic, and data processing, which takes time in terms of days, thus making it difficult to meet the demand for emergency decision-making timelines. To address the need for rapid predictions of mine tunnel fire development, a method for swiftly estimating environmental parameters and the concentration of causative factors at various times and locations post-fire has been devised. FDS software was employed to simulate numerous roadway fires under diverse conditions. Parameters such as fire source intensity, roadway cross-sectional area, roadway wind speed, roadway inclination angle, time, and others were utilized as the input layer for a neural network. In contrast, wind flow temperature, carbon monicide (CO) concentration, fire wind pressure, visibility, and others were designated as the output layer for training the neural network model. This approach established a fire prediction model to resolve issues related to time-consuming numerical simulations and the inability to provide a rapid response to disaster emergencies. The trained neural network model can instantaneously predict the environmental parameters and concentrations of the causative factors at different times and locations. The model exhibits an average relative error of 12.12% in temperature prediction, a mean absolute error of 0.87 m for visibility, a mean absolute error of 3.49 ppm for CO concentration, and a mean absolute error of 16.78 Pa for fire wind pressure. Additionally, the mean relative error in density is 2.9%. These predictions serve as crucial references for mine fire emergency decision-making.
Stabilized quantum-enhanced SIEM architecture and speed-up through Hoeffding tree algorithms enable quantum cybersecurity analytics in botnet detection
Authors: Tehrani Madjid G. , Sultanow Eldar , Buchanan William J. , Amir Malik , Jeschke Anja , Houmani Mahkame , Chow Raymond , Lemoudden Mouad
Published: January 2024

For the first time, we enable the execution of hybrid quantum machine learning (HQML) methods on real quantum computers with 100 data samples and real-device-based simulations with 5000 data samples, thereby outperforming the current state of research of Suryotrisongko and Musashi from 2022 who were dealing with 1000 data samples and quantum simulators (pure software-based emulators) only. Additionally, we beat their reported accuracy of 76.8% by an average accuracy of 91.2%, all within a total execution time of 1687 s. We achieve this significant progress through two-step strategy: Firstly, we establish a stable quantum architecture that enables us to execute HQML algorithms on real quantum devices. Secondly, we introduce new hybrid quantum binary classifiers (HQBCs) based on Hoeffding decision tree algorithms. These algorithms speed up the process via batch-wise execution, reducing the number of shots required on real quantum devices compared to conventional loop-based optimizers. Their incremental nature serves the purpose of online large-scale data streaming for domain generation algorithm (DGA) botnet detection, and allows us to apply HQML to the field of cybersecurity analytics. We conduct our experiments using the Qiskit library with the Aer quantum simulator, and on three different real quantum devices from Azure Quantum: IonQ, Rigetti, and Quantinuum. This is the first time these tools are combined in this manner.
Malaria risk stratification in Lao PDR guides program planning in an elimination setting
Authors: Vilay Phoutnalong , Dunn Julia C. , Sichanthongthip Odai , Reyburn Rita , Butphomvihane Phonephet , Phiphakavong Vilaisak , Amratia Punam , Hahm Mary , Phongchantha Vilayphone , Chanthavisouk Chitsavang , Khamlome Boualam , Chindavongsa Keobouphaphone , Banouvong Virasack , Shortus Matthew
Published: January 2024

Malaria in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) has declined rapidly over the last two decades, from 279,903 to 3926 (99%) cases between 2001 and 2021. Elimination of human malaria is an achievable goal and limited resources need to be targeted at remaining hotspots of transmission. In 2022, the Center of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology (CMPE) conducted an epidemiological stratification exercise to assign districts and health facility catchment areas (HFCAs) in Lao PDR based on malaria risk. The stratification used reported malaria case numbers from 2019 to 2021, risk maps derived from predictive modelling, and feedback from malaria staff nationwide. Of 148 districts, 14 were deemed as burden reduction (high risk) districts and the remaining 134 as elimination (low risk) districts. Out of 1235 HFCAs, 88 (7%) were classified as highest risk, an improvement from 187 (15%) in the last stratification in 2019. Using the HFCA-level stratification, the updated stratification resulted in the at-risk population (total population in Strata 2, 3 and 4 HFCAs) declining from 3,210,191 to 2,366,068, a 26% decrease. CMPE are using the stratification results to strengthen targeting of resources. Updating national stratifications is a necessary exercise to assess progress in malaria control, reassign interventions to the highest risk populations in the country and ensure greatest impact of limited resources.
Sex-specific differences in systemic immune responses in MIS-C children
Authors: Rajamanickam Anuradha , Kumar Nathella Pavan , Venkataraman Aishwarya , Varadarjan Poovazhagi , Selladurai Elilarasi , Sankaralingam Thangavelu , Thiruvengadam Kannan , Selvam Ramya , Thimmaiah Akshith , Natarajan Suresh , Ramaswamy Ganesh , Putlibai Sulochana , Sadasivam Kalaimaran , Sundaram Balasubramanian , Hissar Syed , Ranganathan Uma Devi , Babu Subash
Published: January 2024

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a rare manifestation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that can result in increased morbidity and mortality. Mounting evidence describes sex disparities in the clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there is a lack of information on sex-specific differences in immune responses in MIS-C. This study is an observational and cross-sectional study and we wanted to examine immune parameters such as cytokines, chemokines, acute phase proteins (APPs), growth factors, microbial translocation markers (MTMs), complement components and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in MIS-C children, based on sex. Male children were associated with heightened levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines—IFNγ, IL-2, TNFα, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, G-CSF and GM-CSF, chemokines-CCL2, CCL11, CXCL1, CXCL8 and CXCL10, acute phase proteins-α-2M, CRP, growth factors VEGF and TGFα, microbial translocation markers- iFABP, LBP, EndoCAb, complement components—C1q, MBL and C3 and matrix metalloproteinases MMP-8 and MMP-9 compared to female children with MIS-C. These results indicate that the heightened immune response in males is a characteristic feature of MIS-C. These findings might explain the differential disease pathogenesis in males compared to females with MIS-C and facilitate a deeper understanding of this disease.
Production of eco friendly DME fuel over sonochemically synthesized UiO66 catalyst
Authors: Sharifi Mahdi , Halladj Rouein , Askari Sima
Published: January 2024

The ultrasound-assisted preparation of UiO-66 was carried out at T = 80–220 °C, and the catalytic performances were evaluated in methanol conversion. Also, physicochemical properties were assessed by XRD, SEM, PSD, FTIR, N2 adsorption–desorption, TG-DTG, and NH3-TPD analysis. The characterization proved that increasing the synthesis temperature positively affected the crystallinity, specific surface area, thermal stability, and acidity of the catalysts. Besides, the catalysts' performance was investigated in the methanol conversion reaction (T = 350–450 °C, P = 1 atm, and WHSV = 5 h−1), leading to the DME (Dimethyl Ether) production. Rising reaction temperature increased the methanol conversion and DME yield. The synthesized sample at 220 °C had the best properties and performance with conversion and yield of about 38% and 51%, respectively. The stability test for the UiO-66-220 (University of Oslo 66) catalyst was performed at 450 °C for 12 h, and the activity remained stable for about 5 h. Furthermore, the used catalyst was characterized via XRD and TG analysis.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Galapagos Islands' seafood system from consumers’ perspectives
Authors: Castrejón Mauricio , Pittman Jeremy , Miño Cristina , Ramírez-González Jorge , Viteri César , Moity Nicolas , Andrade-Vera Solange , Caceres Renato , Tanner Michael K. , Rodríguez Gabriela , Barragán-Paladines María José
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic's early stages severely impacted global fisheries, particularly areas heavily reliant on imported food and tourism like the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. To contain the spread of the virus, a full lockdown was implemented. However, the collapse of the tourism industry precipitated the worst economic crisis in the history of this multiple-use marine protected area. This paper examines the impact of the pandemic's early stages on consumption patterns and seafood security in the Galapagos from consumers' perspective, drawing on online surveys conducted during the lockdown. Our findings revealed pre-existing seafood insecurity across the archipelago, further exacerbated by the pandemic on the least-populated island. Nevertheless, the seafood system displayed moderated resilience to the pandemic’s socioeconomic disruptions. A variety of adaptive responses were adopted by Galapagos residents to cope with the lockdown. Consumers modified their seafood consumption habits, while fishers adapted their harvesting and marketing strategies. Such adaptive responses were shaped by the unique socioeconomic characteristics of each inhabited island and the ability of seafood suppliers to shift from a tourism- and export-oriented to a resident- and domestic-oriented market. This transition has created novel opportunities to foster a systemic transformation of the Galapagos seafood system to enhance its resilience against future crises caused by new pandemics, climate change, or other natural and anthropogenic drivers of change.
Insights into planktonic food-web dynamics through the lens of size and season
Authors: Giraldo Carolina , Cresson Pierre , MacKenzie Kirsteen , Fontaine Virginie , Loots Christophe , Delegrange Alice , Lefebvre Sébastien
Published: January 2024

Knowledge of the trophic structure and variability of planktonic communities is a key factor in understanding food-web dynamics and energy transfer from zooplankton to higher trophic levels. In this study, we investigated how stable isotopes of mesozooplankton species varied seasonally (winter, spring, autumn) in relation to environmental factors and plankton size classes in a temperate coastal ecosystem. Our results showed that spring is characterized by the strongest vertical and size-structured plankton food-web, mainly fueled by the phytoplankton bloom. As a result, spring displayed the largest isotopic niche space and trophic divergence among species. On the contrary, both pelagic and benthic-derived carbon influenced low productive seasons (winter and autumn), resulting in more generalist strategies (trophic redundancy). Stable isotope mixing models were used to explore how different seasonal structures influenced the overall food web up to predatory plankton (i.e., mysids, chaetognaths, and fish larvae). Different feeding strategies were found in spring, with predators having either a clear preference for larger prey items (> 1 mm, for herring and dab larvae) or a more generalist diet (sprat and dragonets larvae). During low productive seasons, predators seemed to be more opportunistic, feeding on a wide range of size classes but focusing on smaller prey. Overall, the food-web architecture of plankton displayed different seasonal patterns linked to components at the base of the food web that shaped the main energy fluxes, either from phytoplankton or recycled material. Additionally, these patterns extended to carnivorous plankton, such as fish larvae, emphasizing the importance of bottom-up processes.
3′-Sialyllactose alleviates bone loss by regulating bone homeostasis
Authors: Baek Ahreum , Baek Dawoon , Cho Yoonhee , Jo Seongmoon , Kim Jinyoung , Hong Yoontaik , Cho Seunghee , Kim Sung Hoon , Cho Sung-Rae
Published: January 2024

Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease that results in an increased risk of fractures. However, there is no definitive cure, warranting the development of potential therapeutic agents. 3′-Sialyllactose (3′-SL) in human milk regulates many biological functions. However, its effect on bone metabolism remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of 3′-SL on bone homeostasis. Treatment of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) with 3′-SL enhanced osteogenic differentiation and inhibited adipogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. RNA sequencing showed that 3′-SL enhanced laminin subunit gamma-2 expression and promoted osteogenic differentiation via the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. Furthermore, 3′-SL inhibited the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages through the nuclear factor κB and mitogen‑activated protein kinase signaling pathway, ameliorated osteoporosis in ovariectomized mice, and positively regulated bone remodeling. Our findings suggest 3′-SL as a potential drug for osteoporosis.
An ETFDH-driven metabolon supports OXPHOS efficiency in skeletal muscle by regulating coenzyme Q homeostasis
Authors: Herrero Martín Juan Cruz , Salegi Ansa Beñat , Álvarez-Rivera Gerardo , Domínguez-Zorita Sonia , Rodríguez-Pombo Pilar , Pérez Belén , Calvo Enrique , Paradela Alberto , Miguez David G. , Cifuentes Alejandro , Cuezva José M. , Formentini Laura
Published: January 2024

Coenzyme Q (Q) is a key lipid electron transporter, but several aspects of its biosynthesis and redox homeostasis remain undefined. Various flavoproteins reduce ubiquinone (oxidized form of Q) to ubiquinol (QH2); however, in eukaryotes, only oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex III (CIII) oxidizes QH2 to Q. The mechanism of action of CIII is still debated. Herein, we show that the Q reductase electron-transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase (ETFDH) is essential for CIII activity in skeletal muscle. We identify a complex (comprising ETFDH, CIII and the Q-biosynthesis regulator COQ2) that directs electrons from lipid substrates to the respiratory chain, thereby reducing electron leaks and reactive oxygen species production. This metabolon maintains total Q levels, minimizes QH2-reductive stress and improves OXPHOS efficiency. Muscle-specific Etfdh−/− mice develop myopathy due to CIII dysfunction, indicating that ETFDH is a required OXPHOS component and a potential therapeutic target for mitochondrial redox medicine.
A high-performance photoelectrochemical sensor based on CdS–Au composite nanomaterials and localized surface plasmon resonance for ultrasensitive detection of ascorbic acid
Authors: Zhang Hongfen , Liang Fangmiao , Li Sihan , Zong Feifei , Xu Yanrui
Published: January 2024

Ascorbic acid (AA), which plays a vital role in the metabolism of the human body, is closely correlated with various diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, scurvy, Parkinson's disease, urinary stones, and diarrhea.
Novel antimony phosphates with enlarged birefringence induced by lone pair cations
Authors: Hu Mei , Wang Jialong , Tuerhong Nuerbiye , Zhang Zhiyuan , Jing Qun , Chen Zhaohui , Yang Yonglei , Lee Ming-Hsien
Published: January 2024

Novel centrosymmetric compounds, Cs2Sb3O(PO4)3 and (NH4)2Sb4O2(H2O)(PO4)2[PO3(OH)]2, were successfully obtained. It is shown that the birefringence is significantly enhanced by the introduction of the Sb3+ cations, and still has a wide band gap.
Recent advances in lanthanide-based POMs for photoluminescent applications
Authors: Zheng Kangting , Ma Pengtao
Published: January 2024

This frontier presents Ln-based POMs in photoluminescence applications, focusing mainly on multi-color emission, fluorescent probes, fluorescent switch, drug activity, biomedical imaging, pH sensing and temperature sensing.
Biomass attachment and microbiota shifts during porcine faecal in vitro fermentation of almond and macadamia nuts differing in particle sizes
Authors: Bermudez Cindy , Yao Hong , Widaningrum  , Williams Barbara A. , Flanagan Bernadine M. , Gidley Michael J. , Mikkelsen Deirdre
Published: January 2024

Nut type changes microbial population dynamics during in vitro fermentation, with distinct shifts in attached microbial biomass noted due to nut particle size.
Carbon dot enhanced peroxidase-like activity of platinum nanozymes
Authors: Liu Cui , Hu Jiao , Yang Wenwen , Shi Jinyu , Chen Yiming , Fan Xing , Gao Wenhui , Cheng Liangliang , Luo Qing-Ying , Zhang Mingzhen
Published: January 2024

Carbon dots regulate the charge state of Pt nanozymes, enhancing the peroxidase-like activity of Pt@carbon and achieving colorimetric detection assays for hydrogen peroxide, dopamine, and glucose as well as the antibacterial effect.
A highly sensitive triazole-based perfectly water soluble novel bis-Schiff base reversible fluorescent-colorimetric chemosensor for fast detection of Pb2+ ions
Authors: Sharma Vanshika , Savita Sandhya , Patra Goutam Kumar
Published: January 2024

A triazole-based water-soluble novel bis-Schiff base chemosensor (L) has been designed, synthesized and characterized. The receptor L showed selective and sensitive colorimetric sensing ability for Pb2+ ions and shows application potential in the detection of Pb2+ in BSA proteins and real samples.
Functionalized graphene-based materials for cementitious applications
Authors: Cacciatore Andrea , Zardi Paolo , Capone Laura , Maggini Michele
Published: January 2024

Few-layer graphene, functionalized with covalently attached arylsulfonate groups, is proposed as an additive to improve the compressive and flexural strength of concrete towards smart and sustainable building materials.
Rapid and sensitive electrochemiluminescence detection using easily fabricated sensor with an integrated two-electrode system
Authors: Yuan Haojun , Liang Baihui , Yang Ping , Yang Zhiwei , Cao Xinyi , Wu Yangbo , Zou Jie , Jin Qinghui , Gao Wanlei
Published: January 2024

This work presents the exceptional ECL response of the tri(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(ii) (Ru(bpy)32+)/tripropylamine (TPrA) system on microfluidic chips embedded with integrated electrode systems using the transient potential excitation model.
Self-assembled copper nanoclusters used to mimic peroxidase for glucose detection
Authors: Han Ailing , Zhao Yameng , Wu Jianhu , Guo Jianping , Xv Jianguo
Published: January 2024

A sensing system for glucose derived from a self-assembled copper nanoclusters-based nano-enzyme and glucose oxidase.
Boosting sugarcane trash decomposition: synergistic action and proximity effect of xylanase and feruloyl esterase co-displayed on the cell surface of Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffi)
Authors: Phienluphon Apisan , Kondo Keiko , Okano Hiroyuki , Watanabe Takashi , Nagata Takashi , Katahira Masato
Published: January 2024

Xylanase and feruloyl esterase co-displayed on yeast surface boosts lignocellulosic biomass degradation through synergistic effect caused by their proximity.
Physical properties and ion dynamics in composites of the organic ionic plastic crystal N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide with lithium sulphonamide functional acrylate polymer nanoparticles
Authors: García Yady , Porcarelli Luca , Zhu Haijin , Mecerreyes David , Forsyth Maria , O'Dell Luke A.
Published: January 2024

Increased structural disorder was observed in the composites through DSC and only a slight improvement of ion conductivity was observed in the composite with 10 v% of polymer nanoparticles with respect to the neat OIPC.
Recent advances in porous materials for photocatalytic NADH regeneration
Authors: Zhao Gaozhen , Yang Chonghui , Meng Wu , Huang Xiaowen
Published: January 2024

This review focuses on recent research progress on porous photocatalysts (e.g., g-C3N4, COFs, MOFs, CMPs, and transition metal compounds) for photocatalytic NADH regeneration.
Barium oxide write-once read-many-times memory with a high resistance window
Authors: Hsu Chih-Chieh , Cai Zong-Lin , Long Pei-Xuan , Hsu Min-Yi , Huang Bo-Ruei , Jhang Wun-Ciang , Nanda Umakanta
Published: January 2024

This study demonstrates write-once-read-many times memory characteristics of BaOx and uses an interfacial AlOx layer to improve the stability of the Al/BaOx/n+-Si memory.
Sensory Gating Networks in Normal-Hearing Adults With Minimal Tinnitus
Authors: Ralston Lauren , Campbell Julia , Gilley Phillip , Nielson Mashhood , Brown Kristopher
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

The goal of this study was to observe sensory gating–related networks underlying cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) peak components in individuals with and without minimal tinnitus, as measured using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). This analysis was performed on previously published sensory gating responses in normal-hearing adults with and without minimal tinnitus.

Method:

Independent component analysis was performed for each individual CAEP gating component (Pa, P50, N1, and P2). Significant components were retained for source localization analyses within the following groups: no tinnitus, tinnitus with a THI score ≤ 6, and tinnitus with a THI score > 6. Brain source localization was performed on the gating difference wave for each component using standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography.

Results:

Gating-related networks were identified within each group. Different regional sources were observed between groups, with parietal sources underlying the Pa and P50 components as tinnitus severity increased. A larger prefrontal regional activation was also shown for the N1 gating component as tinnitus severity increased. These results expand upon the functional gating responses via CAEP waveforms in a previously published study.

Conclusions:

The auditory gating response, as measured via CAEPs, has previously been shown to significantly correlate with an increase in tinnitus severity in adults with normal hearing. The corresponding changes in the gating response appear to be supported by different cortical regions in those without tinnitus, those with a THI score ≤ 6, and those with a THI score > 6. Next, functional differences between localized cortical regions should be tested.
An efficient adaptive h‐refinement for the RWG‐based electric field integral equation applied to antennas with waveport
Authors: Ding Ning , Yin Lei , Zhao Xunwang , Lin ZhongChao , Zhang Yu , Luo Aiwen , Dang Xiaojie
Published: January 2024

An approximation scheme that combines approximate solutions with error estimators to accelerate the adaptive h‐refinement of the RWG‐based method of moments (MoM) with the electric field integral equation (EFIE) is presented. The scheme is effectively implemented by using the near‐field matrix to solve the approximate solution. Several conventional error estimators incorporated with the scheme are investigated. Compared to using the full MoM system, it significantly reduces the computational cost while maintaining the refinement effect. Numerical results indicate that the scheme could accelerate the adaptive refinement, yielding significant reductions in computational time and memory requirements.
Digitale Gesundheitsversorgung. Anforderungen an eine erfolgreiche
Transformation
Authors: Steidle Oliver , Rego Kerstin , Petzold Thomas
Published: January 2024

Die digitale Transformation der Gesundheitsversorgung ist das bestimmende
Diskussionsthema aller Akteure im Gesundheitswesen. Digitale Transformation
umfasst alle Bereiche der Gesundheitsversorgung und ist weit mehr als digitale
Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA), digitale Pflegeanwendungen (DiPA),
telemedizinische Anwendungen, Aktivitäten zur Telematikinfrastruktur
sowie Anwendungen aus den Bereichen eHealth, mHealth oder Telehealth. Jegliche
bestehenden Versorgungsprozesse und auch Strukturen im Gesundheitswesen
unterliegen einer Bestandsaufnahme, um analoge Bestandteile der Versorgung in
einen digitalen Kontext zu überführen [1,2]. Die digitale
Transformation findet nicht ausschließlich in Wirtschaftssektoren, wie
dem Gesundheitswesen, statt, sondern ist ein gesamtgesellschaftlicher
Veränderungsprozess in der Erhebung, Nutzung, Bereitstellung,
Verknüpfung und Auswertung von Informationen (=Daten).
Für das Gesundheitswesen wird deutlich, dass unterschiedliche technische
Konzepte eingesetzt werden, digitale Gesundheitsversorgung an unterschiedlichen
Orten und zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten stattfindet, ggf. unterschiedliche
Nutzer(kreise) umfasst und den Versorgungskontext beibehält, erweitert
oder wechselt. Etablierte Funktionen der Gesundheitsversorgung, wie Diagnostik,
Therapie, Dokumentation und das Management von Gesundheitsleistungen bleiben
erhalten und werden in einen digitalen Kontext überführt.
Zusätzlich werden neue Anwendungsbereiche entstehen, wie der
übergreifende Zugriff auf Gesundheitsdaten durch verschiedene Akteure,
echtzeitgetriebene Monitoringsysteme ganzheitlicher Gesundheitsdaten,
(klinische) Entscheidungssysteme oder die Bereitstellung von Daten für
die Versorgungsforschung [2]. Auch wenn der Großteil der digitalen
Transformation noch nicht stattgefunden hat wird davon ausgegangen, dass diese
Funktionen und Anwendungsbereiche der Gesundheitsversorgung dienen, die
Versorgungsqualität nachhaltig zu verbessern [4] und dem Wohle aller
(zukünftigen) Patienten zu Gute zu kommen [5]. Für die
Überführung bestehender Prozesse in einen digitalen Kontext und
die Etablierung neuer Anwendungsbereiche ergeben sich für Einrichtungen
der Gesundheitsversorgung und das Gesundheitssystem selbst Voraussetzungen, die
im Folgenden vorgestellt werden.
Trends in Opioid Use during Hospitalization following Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty from 2016 to 2021
Authors: Ward Spencer A. , Ronan Emily M. , Christensen Thomas H. , Bieganowski Thomas , Davidovitch Roy I. , Macaulay William , Schwarzkopf Ran
Published: January 2024

Though opioids can be very effective for postoperative pain management after revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA), many physicians have made an effort to decrease usage of these medications by focusing on alternative pain management strategies to reduce opioid dependence and unwanted side effects. This study sought to investigate trends in opioid consumption during hospitalization following rTHA from 2016 to 2021. We retrospectively reviewed all patients who received rTHA from January 2016 to April 2021. Baseline demographic variables including age, gender, race, body mass index, and American Society of Anesthesiologists classification were recorded. Additional information including patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), postoperative outcomes, dosage, and type of opioid medication prescribed postoperatively were also collected. Opioid dosage and type were converted to milligram morphine equivalents (MMEs) per day of hospitalization and compared across the 6 years studied. Linear regression as well as t-tests were utilized to determine significant trends in MME consumption over time. In total, 1,096 patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria. The greatest daily average opioid consumption per patient was in 2017 (61.6 ± 155.4 MME per day) and the lowest was in 2021 (31.8 ± 105.8 MME per day). Linear regression analysis detected a downward trend of 4.97 MME per day each year, though these results were not statistically significant (R
2: 0.444, p = 0.089). t-Test analysis, however, did reveal a significant decrease in opioid consumption in the postprotocol cohort (38.41 ± 90.5 vs. 52.18 ± 120.2; p = 0.034). There was a significant increase in preoperative Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Joint Replacement scores (p = 0.007) over time as well as a significant decrease in preoperative visual analog scale pain scores (p = 0.012). The results of this study show that opioid consumption in 2021 was lower than in 2016 and 2017. This result emphasizes the effectiveness of protocols limiting opioid usage during hospitalization following rTHA. Moreover, the relatively consistent patient-reported outcome scores over time demonstrate that this decrease in opioid consumption per year does not impact patient-reported outcomes and satisfaction.
Residual flux density estimation of the three-phase transformer using BP neural network
Authors: Ren Yuzhan , Liu Chengcheng , Wang Youhua
Published: January 2024

When the off-line transformer is re-energized, the phase-controlled switching strategy can avoid the generation of inrush current by controlling the phase. To determine the closing phase, the residual flux density (Br) in the transformer core needs to be accurately measured. This paper proposes a Br estimation method for three-phase transformers based on the finite element method and BP neural network. Firstly, the direction of Br in each phase core is determined based on the transient current characteristics. Then, the three-phase transformer is simulated and the BP neural network is trained to estimate the Br based on the simulation results. The experimental results on a three-phase transformer show that the proposed method can accurately determine the direction and amplitude of Br in each phase of the three-phase transformer.
Study on the relationship between structure and magnetic properties of τ-phase MnAl prepared by cryo-milling
Authors: Liang Dong , Zhu Tao , Shao Zhuyin , Liu Shunquan , Han Jingzhi , Du Honglin , Xu Qing , Wang Changsheng , Yang Wenyun , Yang Jinbo
Published: January 2024

The unique characteristics, such as high magnetic moment, high Curie temperature, large magnetic crystalline anisotropy, and low cost, make the τ-phase MnAl a promising candidate as the market alternatives which could fill the gap between the rare earth magnets and ferrite magnets. Because at low temperatures the metal will become more brittle, the cryomilling technology may allow the τ-phase MnAl to be broken quickly and introduce few crystal defects, and then obtain better permanent magnetic properties. In this study, the cryomilling technology was used to grind the τ-phase MnAl, and the structural and magnetic properties of the obtained powder sample were investigated. It was found that compared to room-temperature ball milling, the morphology of cryomilled powders is granular and the powder agglomeration is dramatically suppressed at a low temperature, and as a result the larger particles tend to be broken down into smaller ones rather than being agglomerated to larger thin layers. The grain size D reduced continuously from 145 nm to 36 nm when the sample was milled for 120 minutes. The coercivity increased with increasing the cryo-milling time, while the saturation magnetization decreased. The maximum coercivity of up to 4.9 kOe was obtained by cryo-milling for 100 minutes. By the neutron diffraction analysis, it was confirmed that the decrease of the saturation magnetization with increasing milling time is mainly due to the migration of Mn atoms from 1a site to the 1d site and the decrease of Mn atomic magnetic moment.
Improved calculation of core losses of high-speed motors with two different permanent magnets considering higher order current harmonics
Authors: Kim Sang-Hyeop , Woo Jong-Hyeon , Kim Yong-Joo , Choi Jang-Young , Shin Kyung-Hun
Published: January 2024

In high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor drives, time harmonics in the current occur owing to the carrier frequency of the inverter, which affects the core losses among the electromagnetic losses. According to Steinmetz’s equation, the core loss depends on the frequency and magnetic flux density, with each term influenced by harmonic currents. Therefore, to accurately predict core loss, it is necessary to consider harmonic currents. This study presents the effects of differences in the resistance, inductance, switching frequency, and harmonic current on the core loss for two models with different PMs at the same output power. Core losses are significantly affected by harmonic current content and magnetic field behavior, making the analysis of harmonic components and magnetic field behavior essential. To achieve this, the stator core was divided into segments to examine the magnetic field behavior owing to harmonic currents in each region, thus facilitating a comprehensive analysis of the core losses. When the results were compared with the experimental data, it was observed that the analysis of harmonic currents significantly improved the accuracy compared to the analysis based solely on sinusoidal currents; in particular, the error rate reduced from 37.8% to 4.1%. Furthermore, it was confirmed that ferrite PMs resulted in smaller core losses owing to harmonic currents than rare-earth PMs. This finding suggests that ferrite PMs are a suitable alternative to high-speed permanent-magnet synchronous motors.
Experimental verification and electromagnetic analysis of axial flux permanent magnet motor using the subdomain method
Authors: Yang Jun-Won , Lee Hoon-Ki , Kim Su-Min , Jung Woo-Sung , Kim Yong-Joo , Shin Kyung-Hun , Choi Jang-Young
Published: January 2024

This study investigates a subdomain method for performing the characteristic analysis of an axial flux permanent magnet motor (AFPM). Initially, the AFPM was simplified for the analytical model and analysis regions were defined to apply the subdomain method. Subsequently, a general solution was derived for the governing equations of each analysis region using the variable separation method. Subsequently, the undetermined coefficients of the general solution were obtained from the matrix using appropriate boundary conditions, and the magnetic flux density in the air-gap region was derived based on the defined magnetic vector potential. Finally, the induced voltage and electromagnetic torque of the analytical model were calculated. The analytical results were verified using the finite element method and the experimental results.
Effect of relationship between magnetic moment energy variation and knee point squareness ratio on transformer noise
Authors: Hsu Chang-Hung
Published: January 2024

This paper presents the effects of the magnetostriction of core loss and noise (sound level) on power transformers between 15 and 120 MVA and the results of an analysis relative to the parameters of the squareness ratio (SR). Three types of soft magnetic silicon steel were used in this study: 30ZH105, 27ZH100, and 27PH100. The hysteresis loop and magnetostriction were measured for various magnetic parameters of sound level and core loss. Moreover, finite element analysis was performed to indicate the flux density and the parameter of ΔBr variation dependent on transformer loss and noise. The design values for transformers with several capacities, with respect to sound level and core loss performance were compared. Studies have indicated that transformer noise includes hysteresis and the volume of ferromagnetic materials. The sound level performance displayed a lower noise result because of the core with a higher SR. Besides, it can be observed that the material has innate magnetic anisotropy and the greater the magnetic moment flip energy then induced higher the noise. Additionally, it was observed that a higher SR. of 27ZH100 for core loss was not significant. When the SR. with respect to the sound level was high, the experimental and design values were very similar by using fast Fourier transform to observe the noise operated at a different frequency spectrum between 50 Hz and 10 kHz. The design values for transformers with varying capacities, with respect to the sound level and core loss performance were analyzed and compared with the experimental values.
Research on the simulation accuracy of static hysteresis loops of electrical steels using an improved simplified LLG equation
Authors: Chen Long , Li Yuqing , Ben Tong , Zhang Zheyu , Jing Libing
Published: January 2024

For tackling the problem of large errors in simulating the static inner symmetrical minor hysteresis loops through the Simplified Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (S-LLG) equation, a modification by improving the grain structure arrangement and introducing additional hysteresis energy function is proposed. With the proposed model, only a unified set of parameters identified by four static hysteresis loops is needed to predict hysteresis loops under arbitrarily different magnetic flux density levels. To verify the global simulation capability of the proposed model, the simulation results of hysteresis loops are compared with the measured data of a grain-oriented (GO) steel. The obtained results show that the model has good simulation ability for hysteresis loops under different magnetic flux densities for both sinusoidal and harmonic excitation conditions.
Novel multi-magnetic material transcranial magnetic stimulation coils for small animals application
Authors: Tashli Mohannad , Mhaskar Aryan , Weistroffer George , Baron Mark S. , Hadimani Ravi L.
Published: January 2024

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive therapeutic approach with proven efficacy in treating certain psychiatric and neurological disorders. To broaden the application of TMS to a wider range of neurological disorders, the induced electric field (e-field) must be able to more focally target specific regions of the brain. Animal coil designs are promising for studying TMS effects and developing new procedures for treating various neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, investigations have mostly used coil designs intended for humans, and, as such, have failed to scale down for small animal sizes. Currently available coil systems have been limited by not adequately incorporating ideal soft magnetic materials as coil cores and not advancing the coil shapes for small animals as is necessary to achieve highly focused e-field concentration. In this study, we used multi-magnetic materials in TMS coils for the first time to our knowledge. We also considered the non-linear, hysteretic behavior of the cores in our FEM simulations of induced e-field and magnetic field in the brain models of the rat. Our study involved a comprehensive assessment of the distribution and intensity of the e-field across various coil configurations using our customized anatomically accurate rat head model. Iron-cobalt-vanadium (Permendur) alloy known for its high relative permeability, high saturation magnetization and low coercivity was used as the core material for all simulations. To enhance coil focality and concentration of the e-field, while avoiding stimulation of adjacent regions, we introduced a shape-conforming, flexible, diamagnetic pyrolytic graphite with susceptibility of -4.5×10-4 for our top performing coil. Simulation results were validated by comparing the simulated magnetic field results with experimental measurements obtained from the v-tip coil with a carbon steel AISI-1010 core at varying tip distances. This thorough study advances our knowledge of TMS coil designs and their optimization, particularly for small animal applications.
Study of α″-phase Fe16X2−nYn (X,Y = N, C) alloys by molecular dynamics modeling
Authors: Zhu Jianxin , Wang Jian-Ping
Published: January 2024

Atomic structures of α″-phase magnetic material C-doped Fe16N2−nCn [n = (0,2)] are investigated using molecular dynamics energy minimization method. Based on simulated annealing principles, a highly efficient search method is developed to find the approximation to “global” minimum energy states for these ternary bct lattice structures by sampling a series of local energy minimal from continuously divided minimization space. It is found that in Fe16N2−nCn alloy, although lattice parameters vary with C concentration, bond length rankings of C/N-Fe at Wyckoff positions are consistent with those in Fe16C2 and Fe16N2 phases. There are also existing Fe16N2−nCn alloys with high-C concentrations (C:N ≥ 1) showing higher stability than Fe16C2 and Fe16N2.
Dumbbell-like Au–Fe3O4 nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia
Authors: Tonthat Loi , Ogawa Tomoyuki , Yabukami Shin
Published: January 2024

Dumbbell-shaped hybrid nanoparticles, consisting of gold and iron oxide (Au-Fe3O4 NPs), show promise for magnetic hyperthermia cancer therapy. However, conventional synthesis methods using toxic iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5) raise safety concerns. We propose a safer approach using triiron dodecacarbonyl (Fe3(CO)12) as a precursor. We synthesize these NPs by initially reducing gold (III) chloride trihydrate with a tert-butylamine-borane complex at room temperature, yielding Au NPs. These Au NPs are combined with a Fe3(CO)12 solution and heated to 300 °C for 1 hour, resulting in the desired dumbbell-shaped Au-Fe3O4 NPs. Characterization confirms their morphology, with average sizes of 5 nm for Au NPs and 15 nm for Fe3O4 NPs. Our systematic evaluation of hydrophilic-treated Au-Fe3O4 NPs (Ms=49.5 emu/g at 3T, 300K) demonstrates temperature increases beyond the therapeutic threshold of 45 °C (ΔT=8 °C) at higher field strengths (8.6–30.0 kA/m), highlighting their cancer treatment potential. Quantitative analysis reveals superb performance, with a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 60.0 W/g and intrinsic loss power (ILP) of 0.25 nHm2kg−1 at the maximum field strength. These findings emphasize the significant potential of our dumbbell-shaped Au–Fe3O4 NPs for magnetic hyperthermia.
High UV damage and low repair, but not cytosine deamination, stimulate mutation hotspots at ETS binding sites in melanoma
Authors: Duan Mingrui , Song Shenghan , Wasserman Hana , Lee Po-Hsuen , Liu Ke Jian , Gordân Raluca , He Yi , Mao Peng
Published: January 2024

Noncoding mutation hotspots have been identified in melanoma and many of them occur at the binding sites of E26 transformation-specific (ETS) proteins; however, their formation mechanism and functional impacts are not fully understood. Here, we used UV (Ultraviolet) damage sequencing data and analyzed cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) formation, DNA repair, and CPD deamination in human cells at single-nucleotide resolution. Our data show prominent CPD hotspots immediately after UV irradiation at ETS binding sites, particularly at sites with a conserved TTCCGG motif, which correlate with mutation hotspots identified in cutaneous melanoma. Additionally, CPDs are repaired slower at ETS binding sites than in flanking DNA. Cytosine deamination in CPDs to uracil is suggested as an important step for UV mutagenesis. However, we found that CPD deamination is significantly suppressed at ETS binding sites, particularly for the CPD hotspot on the 5′ side of the ETS motif, arguing against a role for CPD deamination in promoting ETS-associated UV mutations. Finally, we analyzed a subset of frequently mutated promoters, including the ribosomal protein genes
RPL13A
and
RPS20
, and found that mutations in the ETS motif can significantly reduce the promoter activity. Thus, our data identify high UV damage and low repair, but not CPD deamination, as the main mechanism for ETS-associated mutations in melanoma and uncover important roles of often-overlooked mutation hotspots in perturbing gene transcription.
SAGA1 and SAGA2 promote starch formation around proto-pyrenoids in Arabidopsis chloroplasts
Authors: Atkinson Nicky , Stringer Rhea , Mitchell Stephen R. , Seung David , McCormick Alistair J.
Published: January 2024

The pyrenoid is a chloroplastic microcompartment in which most algae and some terrestrial plants condense the primary carboxylase, Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) as part of a CO
2
-concentrating mechanism that improves the efficiency of CO
2
capture. Engineering a pyrenoid-based CO
2
-concentrating mechanism (pCCM) into C3 crop plants is a promising strategy to enhance yield capacities and resilience to the changing climate. Many pyrenoids are characterized by a sheath of starch plates that is proposed to act as a barrier to limit CO
2
diffusion. Recently, we have reconstituted a phase-separated “proto-pyrenoid” Rubisco matrix in the model C3 plant
Arabidopsis thaliana
using proteins from the alga with the most well-studied pyrenoid,
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
[N. Atkinson, Y. Mao, K. X. Chan, A. J. McCormick,
Nat. Commun.
11
, 6303 (2020)]. Here, we describe the impact of introducing the Chlamydomonas proteins StArch Granules Abnormal 1 (SAGA1) and SAGA2, which are associated with the regulation of pyrenoid starch biogenesis and morphology. We show that SAGA1 localizes to the proto-pyrenoid in engineered Arabidopsis plants, which results in the formation of atypical spherical starch granules enclosed within the proto-pyrenoid condensate and adjacent plate-like granules that partially cover the condensate, but without modifying the total amount of chloroplastic starch accrued. Additional expression of SAGA2 further increases the proportion of starch synthesized as adjacent plate-like granules that fully encircle the proto-pyrenoid. Our findings pave the way to assembling a diffusion barrier as part of a functional pCCM in vascular plants, while also advancing our understanding of the roles of SAGA1 and SAGA2 in starch sheath formation and broadening the avenues for engineering starch morphology.
A synthetic agent ameliorates polycystic kidney disease by promoting apoptosis of cystic cells through increased oxidative stress
Authors: Fedeles Bogdan I. , Bhardwaj Rishi , Ishikawa Yasunobu , Khumsubdee Sakunchai , Krappitz Matteus , Gubina Nina , Volpe Isabel , Andrade Denise C. , Westergerling Parisa , Staudner Tobias , Campolo Jake , Liu Sally S. , Dong Ke , Cai Yiqiang , Rehman Michael , Gallagher Anna-Rachel , Ruchirawat Somsak , Croy Robert G. , Essigmann John M. , Fedeles Sorin V. , Somlo Stefan
Published: January 2024

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common monogenic cause of chronic kidney disease and the fourth leading cause of end-stage kidney disease, accounting for over 50% of prevalent cases requiring renal replacement therapy. There is a pressing need for improved therapy for ADPKD. Recent insights into the pathophysiology of ADPKD revealed that cyst cells undergo metabolic changes that up-regulate aerobic glycolysis in lieu of mitochondrial respiration for energy production, a process that ostensibly fuels their increased proliferation. The present work leverages this metabolic disruption as a way to selectively target cyst cells for apoptosis. This small-molecule therapeutic strategy utilizes 11beta-dichloro, a repurposed DNA-damaging anti-tumor agent that induces apoptosis by exacerbating mitochondrial oxidative stress. Here, we demonstrate that 11beta-dichloro is effective in delaying cyst growth and its associated inflammatory and fibrotic events, thus preserving kidney function in perinatal and adult mouse models of ADPKD. In both models, the cyst cells with homozygous inactivation of
Pkd1
show enhanced oxidative stress following treatment with 11beta-dichloro and undergo apoptosis. Co-administration of the antioxidant vitamin E negated the therapeutic benefit of 11beta-dichloro in vivo, supporting the conclusion that oxidative stress is a key component of the mechanism of action. As a preclinical development primer, we also synthesized and tested an 11beta-dichloro derivative that cannot directly alkylate DNA, while retaining pro-oxidant features. This derivative nonetheless maintains excellent anti-cystic properties in vivo and emerges as the lead candidate for development.