bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Communication with Healthcare Professionals on the Life Satisfaction of Individuals with Disabilities: Focused on the Mediating Effect of Family Strength
Authors:   Korean Academy Welfare Counselling, Kim A Ran , Kim Hansol
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between communication with healthcare professionals and life satisfaction among individuals with disabilities, and to verify the mediating effect of family strength in this relationship. For this purpose, data from the 3rd wave (2020) Disability and Life Dynamics Panel conducted by the Korea Disabled People’s Development Institute in 2020 were utilized, with a sample of 3,937 individuals with disabilities aged 19 and above. The analysis employed Process Macro to verify the mediating effects. The main findings of the study are as follows. Firstly, higher communication with healthcare professionals had a significant positive effect on life satisfaction. Secondly, increased communication with healthcare professionals also had a significant positive effect on family strength. Thirdly, family strength demonstrated a complete mediating effect in the relationship between communication with healthcare professionals and life satisfaction. Based on the research results and discussions, there is a suggested need for services that guarantee and support the participation of disabled individuals and their families in the medical decision-making process.
Analysis of Research Trends in Korean Academic Journals Related to Psychotherapy Using Color Therapy
Authors:   Korean Academy Welfare Counselling, Lee Hyun Mi , Lee Young Rim
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze research trends in domestic academic journals related to psychotherapy using color therapy as an alternative approach following the government's recent announcement of a mental health policy innovation plan and to suggest directions for follow-up research. For this purpose, 29 papers published from 2009 to 2023 were analyzed. The research results are as follows. First, research was conducted steadily from 2009 to 2023, and was highest in 2022 (17.24%). Second, it was presented at 18 domestic academic conferences, and ‘art therapy research’ was the most common (20.69%). Third, the study subjects had the highest proportion of adults, followed by college students, others (mixed), adolescents, children, and the elderly. Fourth, the types of research methods were quantitative research, literature research, qualitative research, and mixed research. Fifth, the type of study content had a positive effect on psychotherapy in the general subareas(ego, emotions/psychology, stress, maladjustment & problem behavior, interpersonal relationships) and diagnostic subareas(emotional disorders, childhood disorders, brain injury disorders). Based on the research results, it is suggested that psychotherapy using color therapy can be usefully applied in the field.
The mediating Effects of Cognitive flexibility and Emotional Regulation Ability on the Relationship between Self-efficacy and School Life Adjustment of High School Students
Authors:   Korean Academy Welfare Counselling, Lee Ji Eun , Cho Gyu Pan
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to test the mediating effects of cognitive flexibility and emotional regulation ability on the relationship between self-efficacy and school life adjustment of high school students. For the research 300 high school students in Busan were surveyed and 261 students’ data were finally analyzed using SPSS. Correlation analysis was conducted to ascertain the relationship between each variable, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to verify the mediating effects of the cognitive flexibility and emotional regulation ability. Bootstrapping was used on the final to prove whether there was an indirect effect of mediation variable was meaningful. The results of this study showed that there was a significant correlation between self-efficacy, cognitive flexibility, emotional regulation and school life adjustment of high school students. Cognitive flexibility partially mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and school life adjustment of high school students. Emotional regulation ability partially mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and school life adjustment of high school students. Therefore it is very important for high school students to improve their cognitive flexibility and emotional regulation ability in order to increase school life adjustment. The results of this study is significant in that it provides basic information for improvement in school life adjustment of high school students.
d
Authors:   Korean Academy Welfare Counselling, Kim Young-Jun , kwon ryang hee
Published: May 2024

본 연구는 대학에서 학생들의 역량 성장과 성공을 지원하는 비교과 교육과정의 운영 활성화를 위한 학사제도의 수립 방안을 탐색하는 데 목적을 두었다. 대학에서 비교과 교육과정을 기획 및 총괄하는 부서의 장으로 재직하는 전문가들을 대상으로 FGI가 사용되었다. 대학 비교과 교육과정 운영의 활성화를 위해 수립되어야 할 학사제도를 투입과 산출의 맥락 차원에서 제시하였다. 먼저, 학생들이 비교과 프로그램에 대한 참여와 동기를 높이면서 활발히 접근하기 위해 투입되어야 할 학사제도를 ‘환류 기구의 통합 구성체계’, ‘운영 내용’, ‘운영 방법’의 범주로 제시하였다. 이와 관련하여, 비교과교육과정위원회, 다중 차원의 비교과 이수 로드맵, 비교과 프로그램 연계 강의계획 및 수업평가, 특정 요일 지정을 통한 비교과 Day 및 모임, 비교과 프로그램 연계 이수제, 비교과 홍보 통로 및 이벤트, 학생 기획 모니터링단을 통한 프로그램 신규 개발 및 개선 유지 등의 세부 근거들이 함께 제시되었다. 다음으로, 학생들이 비교과 프로그램을 이수한 후 보장받아야 할 산출 차원의 학사제도를 ‘비교과 마일리지제 운영’, ‘비교과 인재 인증제 운영’의 두 가지 범주로 제시하였다. 이와 관련하여, 유연한 장학 지급 기준, 장학 수혜 대상 확대, 취업 및 진로 기반 인센티브 지급 등의 세부 근거들이 함께 제시되었다. 연구 결과를 통해, 대학 비교과 교육과정 운영의 활성화를 위해 투입 차원과 산출 차원의 학사제도가 상호 균형적이고 연계적으로 학생들에게 활발히 적용되어야 할 필요성이 분석되었다. 또한, 대학 비교과 교육과정 운영의 활성화는 학생을 비롯한 모든 구성원들의 소통 및 협업, 교과 및 비교과 인프라 간 통합 구성체계, 관련 학사제도와의 연계 등이 충분히 고려될 때 내실화와 고도화를 갖출 수 있다는 측면도 제고되었다.
Relationships among Stress, Ego-Resilience and School Adaptation of University Students
Authors:   Korean Academy Welfare Counselling, Ha Su Kyung
Published: May 2024

This study was conducted using a survey method among college students in Region K to verify the relationship between perceived stress, ego-resilience, and school adaptation. Specifically, the data was collected using the university stress, ego-resilience, and school adaptations scale, and a total of 350 copies were analyzed. The data were analyzed using correlational analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results of the study were as follows: First, ego-resilience and social adaptations showed significant positive correlation. but interpersonal relationship stress and ego-resilience showed significant negative correlation. By looking at these results, university students experience more ego-resilience as they have high more social adaptations and more interpersonal relationship stress as they have low ego-resilience. Second, women were showed significant different among stress, ego-resilience and school adaptations of university students Third, as a result of regression analysis on relation of stress, ego-resilience and school adaptations, interpersonal relationship stress and task stress variable were the main predictor and positive effects. Therefore, this study has theoretical and practical implications in that it specifically examined the perceived stress of university students and identified key variables that affect adjustment to school life.
Prison systems must embrace disability rights as a human rights imperative
Authors: Tripathi Shruti , Tripathi Shreya , Singh Satendra
Published: May 2024

For decades, India has been a staunch supporter of the human rights regime. However, lately, its positive role has been jeopardised by glaring instances of human rights violations against prisoners, especially those with disabilities. Since the edifice of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the subsequent Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act emphasises non-discrimination and reasonable accommodation, our policies, laws, and procedures need to be aligned with the human rights model of disability. We offer insights into the current challenges and propose disability-inclusive prison reforms, advocating for data disaggregation, legislative amendments, accessibility measures, and decision-making autonomy support. Upholding ethical healthcare standards is vital. Adhering to human rights principles and legal mandates in policymaking is crucial to combat systemic injustices and ensure equitable access to justice for all.
Ten-Year Survival Rate of 82% in 262 Cases of Arthroscopic Bone Marrow Stimulation for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
Authors: Rikken Quinten G.H. , Aalders Margot B. , Dahmen Jari , Sierevelt Inger N. , Stufkens Sjoerd A.S. , Kerkhoffs Gino M.M.J.
Published: May 2024

Background:

The long-term sustainability of arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation (BMS) for osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) remains a matter of debate. The primary aim of the present study was to assess the 10-year survival free from revision in ankles that had undergone arthroscopic BMS for an OLT. The secondary aim was to evaluate the influence of baseline patient and lesion characteristics on survival.

Methods:

Patients who underwent arthroscopic BMS for a symptomatic OLT and had a minimum follow-up of 10 years were included to assess procedure survival. The primary outcome, the 10-year cumulative survival rate, was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier survival method. Secondary outcomes were the median time to revision and the effects of baseline factors (lesion size, primary or non-primary lesion type, preoperative cysts, and obesity as defined by a body mass index [BMI] of ≥30 kg/m2) on survival, analyzed with a Cox regression model and reported using hazard ratios (HRs).

Results:

The 262 included patients had a mean follow-up of 15.3 ± 4.8 years. The 10-year cumulative survival rate of the arthroscopic BMS procedures was 82% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 77% to 87%). At 15 years of follow-up, the cumulative survival rate was 82% (95% CI: 76% to 86%). The median time to revision was 2.4 years (interquartile range: 1.3 to 5.1 years). Of the baseline factors, obesity (HR: 3.0 [95% CI: 1.44 to 6.43], p < 0.01) was associated with decreased survival. Lesion size (HR: 0.9 [95% CI: 0.5 to 1.8], p = 0.8), non-primary lesion type (HR: 1.8 [95% CI: 0.9 to 3.4], p = 0.1), and the presence of preoperative cysts (HR: 1.0 [95% CI: 0.6 to 1.9], p = 0.9) were not significantly associated with survival.

Conclusions:

At a minimum follow-up of 10 years, the survival rate of arthroscopic BMS for OLT was 82%. At 15 and 20 years of follow-up, survival appeared to remain stable. Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) was associated with a higher likelihood of revision surgery. This risk factor should be incorporated into the treatment algorithm for OLT when counseling patients regarding surgery.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Spontaneous Pneumorrhachis Secondary to Rhinovirus-Associated Emesis with Demonstrated Pathophysiology
Authors: Willenbring Taylor J , Stark Michael J , Tallarico Richard A
Published: May 2024

Case:

This case of a 14-year-old boy presented with repetitive coughing secondary to a rhinovirus infection. In addition to pneumomediastinum, imaging demonstrated asymptomatic, yet significant holocord pneumorrhachis.

Conclusion:

Ectopic gas within the spinal canal, also referred to as pneumorrhachis or “epidural gas,” may be traumatic, iatrogenic, or less commonly, spontaneous. It is typically an incidental and asymptomatic finding in the setting of pneumomediastinum. Proposed pathophysiology includes air tracking through the intercostal fascial planes posteriorly through the neuroforamina, which offer a theoretical point of entry. Our case clearly demonstrates air along the entirety of the fascial planes confirming the proposed pathophysiology.
Management of Articular Cartilage Defects in the Knee: An Evidence-Based Algorithm
Authors: Plancher Kevin D. , Agyapong Gerald , Dows Andrew , Wang Karina H. , Reyes Melanie M. , Briggs Karen K. , Petterson Stephanie C.
Published: May 2024

Focal articular cartilage lesions of the knee are a challenging disease entity due to the poor regenerative properties of hyaline cartilage that often lead to degenerative joint disease. Surgery is indicated to alleviate symptoms, restore function, and return to desired activities when conservative treatment fails. Providers must consider defect size and severity, compliance with the postoperative rehabilitation protocol including weight-bearing restrictions, and patient expectations in their clinical decision-making. Smaller defects may be treated with arthroscopic chondroplasty, bone marrow stimulation, and osteochondral autologous transfer. Alternative surgical options for larger defects include osteochondral restoration using fresh vs. cryopreserved allografts, autologous chondrocyte implantation, and particulated juvenile allograft cartilage. This article will review available treatment options and provide an evidence-based treatment algorithm to guide the orthopaedic clinician's clinical decision-making.
A novel approach for assembly selection and matching of remanufactured mechanical products based on performance upgrading
Authors: Xiao Yongmao , Wang Zhiyong , Hu Siping
Published: May 2024

Aiming at the problems of low utilization rate of remanufacturing resources and high production cost in the process of remanufacturing assembly of used machinery, a new intelligent optimization slection matching approach for remanufacturing mechanical product assembly oriented to performance upgrading is proposed. Considering assembly accuracy, utilization rate of remanufacturing resources and production cost, Taguchi quality loss function and remanufacturing cost function are constructed, taking the closed-loop dimension chain as the constraint condition, an intelligent optimization model for remanufacturing of used mechanical parts is established. The optimization model is solved based on the combination of particle swarm optimization algorithm and genetic algorithm. Finally, taking CAK6140 machine tool spindle box as a case study to verify the feasibility and practicability of the proposed method, the spindle assembly process is optimized and matched. Compared the method proposed in this study with the grouping selection method often used by enterprises and the traditional particle swarm optimization model seeking method, constructed the corresponding evaluation index. The comparison results show that the comprehensive performance of the proposed method is the best. which proves that the method can effective solve the problem of low resource utilization rate, high cost and poor assembly accuracy in the used mechanical assembly process, and can achieve the goal of upgradeing the performance of mechanical equipment.
The mechanistic basis of genetic assimilation in natural fly populations
Authors: Cavalli Giacomo , Sabarís Gonzalo , Schuettengruber Bernd , Papadopoulos Giorgio , Coronado-Zamora Marta , Fitz-James Maximilian , González Josefa
Published: May 2024

Genetic assimilation is a process by which a trait originally driven by the environment becomes independent of the initial cue and is expressed constitutively in a population. More than seven decades have passed since Waddington's pioneering demonstration of the acquisition of morphological traits through genetic assimilation, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we address this gap by performing a multi-omic analysis of Waddington's genetic assimilation using the ectopic veins phenocopy in Drosophila as a model. Our study reveals the assimilation of ectopic veins in both outbred and inbred fly natural populations, despite their initially limited genetic diversity. The assimilation of ectopic veins is driven by the selection of regulatory alleles already present in the ancestral populations, including downregulation of the Cad96Ca tyrosine kinase gene by the insertion of a transposable element in its 3' untranslated region. The genetic variation at this locus in the inbred population is maintained by a large chromosomal inversion. In outbred populations, the evolution of ectopic veins results from a polygenic response shaped by the selective environment. Our results support a model in which selection for multiple pre-existing alleles in the ancestral population, rather than stress-induced genetic or epigenetic variation, drives the evolution of ectopic veins in natural fly populations.
Information Sources and Vaccination in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Asiamah Nana Osei , Miller Paige , Yang Xiaoxu , Shrum Wesley
Published: May 2024

Among the issues that remained contentious throughout the pandemic was vaccination: its efficacy, side effects, and the general reluctance of a substantial segment of the population to get vaccinated. The aim of this paper is to understand the role of health information sources in anti-vaccination sentiment and the decision to vaccinate. Linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze data from an online survey of adults in the United States in late 2021 (n=10,221). The results of the study showed that: (a) information from local and national health experts had a significant positive association with getting the COVID-19 vaccine and a negative relationship with holding anti-vaccination sentiments while (b) information from social media and community/religious leaders had the opposite effect. Overall, this study highlights the importance of public health systems in the dissemination of information on vaccinations during pandemics.
Microbial and seminal traces of sexual intercourse and forensic implications
Authors: Ahannach Sarah , Gehrmann Thies , Spacova Irina , Wittouck Stijn , Hiers Jana , Bron Peter , Donck Leonore Vander , Cromphout Maryse , Swayambhu Meghna , Arora Natasha , Schuh Larissa , Tournoy Iris , Smeers Inge , Wuestenbergs Joke , Bekaert Bram , Decorte Ronny , Jehaes Els , Lebeer Sarah
Published: May 2024

Predicting recent intercourse is crucial in forensic casework on sexual assaults. In this work, we assessed whether sexual intercourse can be predicted based on the vaginal microbiome and compared it to the gold standard method of semen detection. Using a prediction model based on microbiome of 3,043 women, intercourse was predicted with 71% accuracy in a balanced cross-validation machine learning setting. Next, this prediction model was validated in a longitudinal intervention study and tested on forensic sexual assault cases. The developed predictor could accurately establish intercourse in 82% cases. Yet, underwear was found to hold an even greater evidential value and replace the more invasive vaginal sampling for semen detection in some cases, with an accuracy of 95%. This was confirmed through a retrospective analysis of 207 forensic sexual assault cases. Taken together, this study revealed the potential of both microbiome profiling on vaginal swabs and semen detection on underwear for forensic casework.
Factors that contribute to the perceived effect of spinal manipulative therapy: A qualitative study
Authors: Boylan Patrick
Published: May 2024

Background: Despite the progress that has been made to better understand the potential mechanisms of SMT and its treatment eﬀects, a knowledge gap continues to exist when it comes to identifying the specific factors that contribute to the eﬀective utilization of SMT. The purpose of the study was to explore the perceptions of chiropractic clinicians, interns, and patients regarding what factors during a doctor-patient encounter contribute to the perceived treatment eﬀect associated with SMT.
Methods: Participants were recruited from a chiropractic teaching clinic in the United States using convenience sampling. Semi-structured interviews were used as the main form of data collection, which took place from January-April 2024. The data was subsequently analyzed using a grounded theory approach and organized into themes through an iterative open coding process.
Results: Six rounds of interviews were conducted for a total of 18 interviews. Each round consisted of one patient who received treatment including SMT, one intern who performed the treatment, and one clinician who oversaw the treatment. After analyzing the interview data, the following five themes were identified: Psychomotor Skills, Treatment Outcome, Significance of Cavitation, Adjunctive Therapies, and Therapeutic Alliance.
Conclusion: This qualitative study identified several themes which describe factors that may contribute to the perceived effect associated with SMT. In addition to the psychomotor skills required to perform SMT, educators and practitioners should consider factors such as the therapeutic alliance between patient and provider, use of adjunctive therapies, and assessment of the outcome associated with the intervention.
Combining Bayesian Optimization and Neural Network to Optimize the Plasma Wakefield Acceleration
Authors: Guan Jiabao , You Chang , Nie Yuancun , Xia Guoxing , Wang Jike
Published: May 2024

The computational cost of finding the optimal design of plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA) is usually very demanding due to many variables involved. Herein, we have developed a novel framework which combines Bayesian Optimization (BO) with neural network (NN), to replace computationally expensive simulation software and provide a more efficient way for the optimization process. In order to verify this framework, the AWAKE Run 2 experiment at CERN is used as an example. In the framework we constructed, the coefficients of determination (R2) of NN reaches above 0.99, and the time-to-solution reduces to a factor of 18.6. For the first time, BO combined with NN is successfully applied to optimize PWFA and significant improvements have been demonstrated. The framework established here in principle can also be extended to the optimization of other particle accelerations.
Complete mitochondrial genome assembly and comparative analysis of Colocasia esculenta
Authors: Li Huinan , Liu Lili , Qiu Zuyang , He Fanglian , Dong Weiqing
Published: May 2024

Colocasia esculenta ranks as the fifth most important tuber crop and is known for its high nutritional and medicinal value. However, there is no research on its mitochondrial genome, hindering in-depth exploration of its genomic resources and genetic relationships. Using second- and third-generation sequencing technologies, we assembled and annotated the mitogenome of C. esculenta. Its mitogenome mainly consists of five circular DNA molecules, with a total length of 594,811 bp and a GC content of 46.25%. A total of 55 genes, 157 simple sequence repeats, 29 tandem repeat sequences, 202 dispersed repeat sequences, and 625 RNA editing sites were detected. Most protein-coding genes use ATG as the start codon, and the third position of the codon tends to be A or T (U). GAA, AUU, and UUU are the most common codons in C. esculenta mitochondria. Finally, based on 28 representative plant species, a phylogenetic tree was constructed, revealing a close relationship between C. esculenta and Araceae. This study provides comprehensive information on C. esculenta, laying a foundation for crop genetics and molecular breeding.
Simulation of Steel Bar Fracture in Reinforced Concrete Walls
Authors: Carranza Juan Miguel Navarro , Deierlein Gregory G. , Zhong Kuanshi
Published: May 2024

Structural systems in buildings are designed to manage seismic impacts through ductile inelastic responses, allowing significant cyclic deformations without substantial loss of load-bearing capacity. Reinforced concrete wall structures dissipate energy mainly through the cyclic yielding of steel reinforcement bars. However, repeated inelastic cycles accumulate damage, increasing the risk of reinforcing bar fracture due to low-cycle fatigue. This study introduces a novel modeling methodology that simulates the fracture of reinforcement in such scenarios, which traditional models often neglect or simplify by imposing maximum strain capacities on reinforcing steel. Our approach integrates a model that accounts for cumulative damage and fracture due to low-cycle fatigue using the newly implemented Reinforcement Ductile Fracture Model (RDFM) in OpenSees software. This allows for a detailed representation of cumulative damage and bar fractures, enhancing the predictive accuracy of the cyclic behavior and subsequent strength and stiffness degradation of reinforced concrete walls. Validated against 23 selected reinforced concrete wall cyclic tests, the methodology effectively captures the impact of low-cycle fatigue on concrete walls, contributing to more accurate post-earthquake building assessments. Furthermore, the study proposes a novel calibration for the Equivalent Slenderness Factor (Ψ, ESF) tailored to wall conditions. This research advances our understanding of structural behavior under seismic loads, offering a robust tool for enhancing seismic performance assessments and influencing future design protocols.
A One-Phase Injection Method to Improve the Strength and Uniformity in MICP with Polycarboxylic Acid Added
Authors: Zhu Yongqiang , Li Yujie , Sun Xingye , Rui Shengjie , Guo Zhen , Zheng Dao-Qiong
Published: May 2024

The production and distribution uniformity of calcium carbonate plays a pivotal role in enhancing the effectiveness of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP). Various methods have been proposed to enhance the conversion rate of calcium ions and ensure uniform calcium carbonate distribution. These include multi-phase injection methods and one-phase injection methods with environmental factors such as pH and temperature controlled. Polycarboxylic acid, a polymer organic substance rich in carboxylic acid groups, serves as a regulator for the initial precipitation time of calcium carbonate. It aids in increasing the total output of calcium carbonate by complexing calcium ions. This study introduces and investigates a one-phase injection method of MICP with the addition of polycarboxylic acid. The methodology is examined through bacteria growth tests, tube tests, sand column tests, and microscopic analyses. The results indicate that polycarboxylic acid does not exhibit any side effects on Sporosarcina pasteurii (S. pasteurii). When the urease activity of the bacterial solution is maintained at 15 kU/L and the concentration of the cement solution is 1 mol/L, incorporating a 3% solution of polycarboxylic acid delays the initial precipitation time of calcium carbonate by more than two hours. This delay significantly contributes to improving the uniformity of calcium carbonate distribution, with complete precipitation of calcium ions occurring within 24 hours. After five treatment cycles, the unconfined compressive strength of the sand column reaches 2.76 MPa. This method demonstrates promising potential for application in enhancing reinforcement effects and streamlining the reinforcement process.
The Electromagnetic Characteristics of UXO Using the Electromagnetic Method
Authors: Lu Taoming , Gao Huotao , Cai Li , Zhang Bin , Xiong Ran , Cheng Guanglei , Zhao Mengkui
Published: May 2024

In the process of UXO removal, effective detection is crucial for the clearance of UXO. This paper investigates the method of TEM to detect UXO, the design optimization of magnetic coupling source and the electromagnetic response characteristics of UXO with different attitudes and depths. The numerical results show that the designed and optimized single-transmitter multiple-receiver TEM detection can not only provide fast localization, but also greatly reduce data processing and improve detection efficiency. Based on the finite element modeling, the electromagnetic response of the target is analyzed in detail with the variation law of position and attitude by combining the information of the fast localization. The field experimental results show that the variation trends of the numerical simulation results of the time-domain electromagnetic response under different attitudes are basically consistent with the measured results. The measuring line response enables the fast localization of suspicious sites by marking them. The planar response establishes the spindle location information. The detection depth has a strong influence on the initial amplitude of the time domain response, while the inclination angle determines the symmetry characteristics of the planar response. This will provide a basis for the design and optimization of the TEM detection system.
Information is not enough: a critical perspective on responsible gambling policies to gambling disorder prevention
Authors: Chóliz Mariano , Cervera-Ortiz Lydia , Luján-Barrera Amparo
Published: May 2024

Multiple governments and other stakeholders in countries where online gambling has been legalized have implemented responsible gambling policies. Based on theoretical and experimental evidence, this study showed that the information used to implement responsible gambling policies is not sufficient to prevent the emergence of pathological gambling disorder in society. This is because the information provided is necessary, but it is not adequate for modifying gambling habits or preventing addiction. The principal clinical symptoms of gambling disorder are excessive gambling and difficulty in controlling one's gambling.
Objective: the objective of this study was to analyze the effect of a dynamic personal message about the consequences of gambling, specifically, the effectiveness of pop-up messages stating the percentage of money lost in a virtual slot machine.
Method. In this study, 40 gamblers were observed during online gambling. The independent variable was information about their gambling losses provided via pop-up messages.
Results. The main result of the study was that the display of responsible gambling information was associated with no changes in gambling behavior.
Discussion. The study presented in this article and the initial theoretical discussion together reveal that the main strategy used to promote responsible gambling, which is to provide truthful information about gambling and its consequences, is not sufficient to prevent excessive gambling and, therefore, gambling addiction in society, or to make people stop gambling, despite their losses. To prevent excessive gambling and, therefore, gambling disorder in society, gambling policies that limit gamblers’ losses must be implemented.
Pharmacological PINK1 activation ameliorates
Pathology in Parkinson’s Disease models
Authors: Hertz Nicholas , Chin Randall , Rakhit Rishi , Ditsworth Dara , Wang Chengzhong , Bartholomeus Johan , Liu Song , Mody Akash , Laihsu Alex , Eastes Andrea , Tai Chao , Kim Roy , Li Jessica , Khasnavis Saurabh , Rafalski Victoria , Heerendeen Donald , Garda Virginia , Phung Jennie , de Roulet Daniel , Ordureau Alban , Harper J. Wade , Johnstone Shawn , Stöhr Jan
Published: May 2024

PINK1 loss-of-function mutations and exposure to mitochondrial toxins are causative for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Parkinsonism, respectively. We demonstrate that pathological α-synuclein deposition, the hallmark pathology of idiopathic PD, induces mitochondrial dysfunction, and impairs mitophagy as evidenced by the accumulation of the PINK1 substrate pS65-Ubiquitin (pUb). We discovered MTK458, a brain penetrant small molecule that binds to PINK1 and stabilizes its active complex, resulting in increased rates of mitophagy. Treatment with MTK458 mediates clearance of accumulated pUb and α-synuclein pathology in α-synuclein pathology models in vitro and in vivo. Our findings from preclinical PD models suggest that pharmacological activation of PINK1 warrants further clinical evaluation as a therapeutic strategy for disease modification in PD.
Developing a Spatial Domain Model for Optimizing Infectious Disease Control through Vaccine Distribution
Authors: Li Chun , Wang Chao
Published: May 2024

The global emergence of infectious diseases, such as the coronavirus, has presented a formidable and widespread challenge, causing significant human casualties, property damage, and economic disruptions. Investigating infectious disease models becomes imperative for a comprehensive understanding of the dissemination patterns of highly contagious illnesses. Hence, research into infectious disease models is of utmost importance.
This paper introduces the application of physics-constrained machine learning (PCML) to develop a spatial domain model for infectious disease control, specifically focusing on vaccine distribution. Traditionally, dynamical systems are employed in epidemiological models to forecast the temporal evolution and growth trajectories of highly infectious diseases. In this study, we reframe the SIR models, incorporating corresponding policies through dynamical systems.
Utilizing the PCML algorithm, we derive approximate numerical solutions for the systems of dynamical partial differential equations (PDEs) with an acceptable margin of approximation error. Additionally, we present various numerical solutions to the PDEs under diverse scenarios.
Cement kiln dust-based geopolymer: Microstructural investigation and performances optimization through response surface methodology
Authors: Mourak Abdellah , Hajjaji Mohamed
Published: May 2024

Cement kiln dust (CKD), which consisted of mullite, quartz, fused silica, and calcite (49, 23, 11 and 10 mass%, respectively) was alkali-activated ([NaOH]: 4–12 M) and cured under different conditions (25 ≤ T ≤ 85°C, time (t): up to 30 days). The microstructure of the cured samples was investigated using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical/physical properties of the cured samples were related to the above factors using response surface methodology. The results showed that increasing the levels of these factors enhanced the reactivity of mullite and quartz, leading thus to the formation of hydrosodalite along with geopolymer. Conversely, a pseudo-amorphous phase along with limited amount of geopolymer occurred with lower levels of the factors. Moreover, samples prepared with concentrated solutions of NaOH or cured at high temperatures were the object of formation of zeolite ZK, and semi-crystallized hydroxysodalite, respectively. Tobermorite and hydroxysodalite were formed at long and short curing times, respectively. The mechanical/physical properties of the cured samples were well related to the operating factors through quadratic models, and their changes were discussed in relation to the microstructure characterization. The results of the desirability approach demonstrated that the optimal values for bending strength, compressive strength, porosity, and water absorption (10.4 MPa, 9.1 MPa, 16.4%, and 28%, respectively) are obtained at: [NaOH] = 10 M, T = 73°C, and t = 23 days. In the light of these results, the CKD is suitable as a binder for mortar and bricks.
Binuclear Cobalt Complex Encapsulated in Zeolites H-Y(5), H-MOR(86), H-ZSM-5 and their Catalytic Oxidation of Cyclohexane
Authors: Parimala Sowmianarayanan , Selvam Parasuraman
Published: May 2024

Binuclear Cobalt complex 2,6-bis[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aminomethyl]-4-methylphenol [Co2L] was encapsulated in zeolites H-Y(5), H-MOR(86) and H-ZSM-5 by ion exchange method and these catalysts, were characterized by FTIR, powder XRD, DRS – UV-Vis and XRF studies. The surface studies performed on the catalysts showed the extent of encapsulation in the cavities of the zeolites. The electrochemical studies of the catalysts showed oxidation-reduction of metal ions whose redox potentials were influenced by the geometry of the zeolite matrix. Oxidation of cyclohexane by tertiary butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of catalysts gave products cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol with almost 99% selectivity towards cyclohexanone. The heterogenized complex displayed higher conversion than the neat complex, which was dependent on the metal content of the catalyst and the acidity of zeolites. The catalysts also showed good reusability with high TON and TOF. The proposed mechanism of oxidation involved the formation of cyclohexyl peroxyl radical, mediated by electron transfer between the peroxide and the metal center. The ΔGET and ΔG0 calculations support the electron transfer process. The kinetic studies of the catalytic oxidation reactions were followed by the initial rate determination method and the results fitted well into the bimolecular second-order rate process.
The conversion of vegetable juice waste to biogas production at lab-scale by using an internal circulation anaerobic reactor
Authors: Boualy VONGVISITH , Chengyue LIANG , Changmei WANG , Fang YIN , Kai WU , Bin YANG , Jing LIU , Hong YANG , Wudi ZHANG
Published: May 2024

The vegetable juice waste (VJW) was a sample treated in the IC reactor after squeezing. The experimental procedure was divided into five phases based on OLR (1.4, 2.2, 4.4, 8.4, and 17.6 g COD/l.d, respectively) and HRT (6, 4, 2, 1, and 0.5 days, respectively) in this investigation to assess the performance of an internal circulation anaerobic (IC) reactor in the conversion of vegetable juice waste (VJW) to biogas production at ambient temperature for 160 days. The experiment results showed that the biogas production yield of the IC reactor in phase 1 was 6.9 gVS/l.d higher than in other phases 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively, where biogas production was 2.8, 3.1, 1.6, and 0.9 gVS/l.d, respectively. The variation in methane content of biogas generated remained constant between 66 and 69%, corresponding to OLR of 1.4, 2.2, 4.4, 8.4, and 17.6 gCOD/l.d, respectively. The variation decreased steadily from 6 to 0.5 days at HRT. When an OLR was gradually increased from 1.4–17.6 gCOD/l.d with an HRT of 4-0.5 days for 160 days, COD removal ranged from 94 − 80%. However, during the execution of an IC reactor process, indicating a drop in the HRT, the system did not overload. The IC reactor system is a beneficial method for the current and further conversion of vegetable juice waste or wastewater treatment to biogas production, as well as providing scientific information to those who are interested in future research.
Comparative Analysis of Medical Surgical Nursing Practices, A Survey across First World and Third World Nations
Authors: monfared zeinab
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
The practice of medical surgical nursing is a critical component of healthcare delivery worldwide. However, vast differences exist in healthcare infrastructure, resources, and practices between first world and third world nations. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of medical surgical nursing practices between these two distinct socio-economic categories.
Methods:
A comprehensive survey was conducted across multiple healthcare facilities in both first world and third world nations. The survey questionnaire was designed to assess various aspects of medical surgical nursing practices, including staffing levels, training standards, equipment availability, and patient outcomes. Data was collected over a specified period and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.
Results:
The survey revealed significant disparities in medical surgical nursing practices between first world and third world nations. First world nations exhibited higher staffing levels, advanced training programs, and greater access to modern medical equipment. Conversely, third world nations faced challenges such as limited resources, inadequate training opportunities, and a lack of essential equipment, resulting in suboptimal patient care and outcomes.
Discussion:
The findings underscore the profound impact of socio-economic factors on medical surgical nursing practices. While first world nations benefit from robust healthcare systems and investments in nursing education, third world nations struggle with systemic deficiencies that impede the delivery of quality care. Addressing these disparities requires concerted efforts from policymakers, healthcare providers, and international organizations to improve infrastructure, enhance training programs, and promote equitable access to resources.
Conclusion:
This comparative analysis highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions to bridge the gap in medical surgical nursing practices between first world and third world nations. By addressing systemic challenges and fostering global collaboration, we can work towards achieving better healthcare outcomes for all patients, regardless of their geographic location or socio-economic status.
Effect of the Microorganisms Dynamics on the Base Subsidence of the Solid Household Waste Storage During Consolidation
Authors: Martyniuk Petro , Ivanchuk Natalia
Published: May 2024

The effect of the dynamics of the development of the microorganism biomass on the subsidence of the surface of the mass of the porous medium at the base of the storage of solid household waste was studied using mathematical and computer modeling methods. The repository of solid household waste is considered a source of the spread of organic pollutants that contribute to the development of the biomass of microorganisms. The subsidence model is considered from the theory of filtration consolidation of porous media. For this purpose, a corresponding boundary value problem in the domain with a free-moving boundary is formed. The classical equation of filtration consolidation is modified for the case of variable porosity due to biomass change. The finite element method allowed for solving the resulting mathematical model numerically in the form of a boundary value problem for the system of parabolic equations in the variable domain. Based on the developed algorithms, a software package for numerical experiments was created where the effect of microorganisms on the subsidence dynamics of a porous medium was investigated. Numerical experiments on a model example showed that the presence of microorganisms in soil pores slows the dissipation of excess pressure. However, this does not lead to a slowdown in subsidence but, on the contrary, to a particular increase of up to 18 % compared to the case of neglecting bioprocesses. From the point of view of the physics of the processes, this is explained by the increase in biomass, which leads to an increase in pressure, thus increasing the volume of filtered pore fluid and, hence, increasing subsidence.
EXPLORING ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN GENERATIVE AI
Authors: Lasker Archit
Published: May 2024

Generative AI, which encompasses a range of technologies such as generative adversarial networks (GANs), language models, and image generators, has shown remarkable progress in recent years. These technologies have the potential to revolutionize various fields, from art and entertainment to healthcare and education. However, along with these advancements come ethical considerations that must be carefully addressed. This research paper examines the ethical challenges posed by generative AI, including issues related to bias, privacy, misinformation, and intellectual property. It also discusses strategies for mitigating these risks and fostering the responsible development and deployment of generative AI technologies.
DEEP LEARNING IN THE ERA OF BIG DATA: FOUNDATIONS, ADVANCES, APPLICATIONS, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Authors: Alkhudhayr Ali
Published: May 2024

Deep learning (DL) has revolutionized machine learning, especially in the era of big data, by autonomously learning hierarchical representations from vast datasets. This paper offers a comprehensive overview of DL, covering foundational concepts, recent advances, practical applications, challenges, and future directions. It traces DLs historical roots from the perceptron model to contemporary deep neural networks, highlighting its resurgence in the early 21st century due to computational advancements and large-scale datasets. The paper discusses DLs objectives, including methodologies overview, challenges analysis, and future trends exploration. Foundational DL concepts are explained, including artificial neurons, activation functions, and network architectures like feedforward, convolutional, and recurrent neural networks. Recent advancements such as transfer learning, reinforcement learning, meta-learning, and self-supervised learning are explored, enhancing model performance across domains like computer vision, natural language processing, and robotics. Applications of DL in healthcare, finance, automotive, and more are detailed with real-world examples. The paper also analyzes challenges like data scarcity, computational complexity, and ethical considerations, proposing strategies for mitigation. Future directions in DL, including explainable AI and ethical considerations, are discussed, emphasizing DLs transformative impact and its role in driving innovation in big data analytics.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO HYPOFRACTIONATED EXTERNAL BEAM RADIATION THERAPY SCHEDULES IN SYMPTOM PALLIATION IN UNRESECTABLE CARCINOMA GALLBLADDER
Authors: Mahawar Rahul , Dinita Devi Ningthoujam , Koknal Marak Silchang , Nilima Devi Nongmaithem , Jaichand Singh Laishram , Sobita Devi Yumkhaibam , Sunita Devi Akoijam
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Gallbladder cancer is a highly aggressive cancer, with majority of the patients presenting in advanced stage having a dismal prognosis. Objective: The aim of the study, is to compare the symptom relief, loco-regional tumour response and tolerance between the two different external beam radiation therapy schedules. Methods: A randomized study was conducted for two years including 60 patients. The patients were divided into two arms, with Arm-A receiving a total dose of 33Gy/15# and theArm-B receiving 30Gy/10#. Results: Early tumour response was slightly better in Arm-B than in Arm-A, with 50% patients showing partial response in Arm-B in comparison to 40% in Arm-A. Symptom relief was better and statistically significant in Arm-B with respect to Arm-A. At 3 and 6 month follow up, the symptomatic relief was comparable between the two arms, with 72% patients having relief of nausea/ vomiting in Arm-B with respect to 39.1% patients in Arm-A. The weekly toxicities were almost comparable between the arms, with haematological toxicities being slightly higher in Arm-A as compared to Arm-B. Late treatment related toxicities were also higher in Arm-A as compared to Arm-B. Conclusion: Palliative radiation therapy given to patients, over a short period of time is better in comparison to similarequivalent dose given over longer period of time in symptom palliationfor patients with unresectable gallbladder cancer.
PARALYSIE COMPLETE DU NERF OCULOMOTEUR III CAUSEE PAR UN ZONA OPHTALMIQUE A PROPOS DUN CAS
Authors: Tazi K. , Baiz T. , Chefchaouni A. , Elmoubarik N. , Cherkaoui L.O.
Published: May 2024

Ophthalmic herpes zoster, a manifestation of the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus in the region of the trigeminal nerve, is primarily diagnosed based on the clinical characteristics of skin lesions and their localization. Ocular complications, including oculomotor paralysis, require early antiviral treatment to minimize ocular damage. We report the case of a 38-year-old woman presenting typical symptoms of ophthalmic herpes zoster, associated with complete oculomotor nerve III palsy and zoster encephalitis. Antiviral treatment with acyclovir led to a significant improvement. However, the patient retained corneal anesthesia resulting in the formation of a neurotrophic corneal ulcer. The risk of ocular complications associated with ophthalmic herpes zoster is real. The most serious are corneal complications and oculomotor paralysis, highlighting the crucial importance of early antiviral treatment to prevent these complications which can adversely affect the functional prognosis of the eye.