bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Author Correction: PLK2 Plays an Essential Role in High D-Glucose-Induced Apoptosis, ROS Generation and Inflammation in Podocytes
Authors: Zou Hong-hong , Yang Ping-ping , Huang Tian-lun , Zheng Xiao-xu , Xu Gao-si
Published: March 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: High Energy Radical Chemistry Formation of HCN-rich Atmospheres on early Earth
Authors: Ferus Martin , Kubelík Petr , Knížek Antonín , Pastorek Adam , Sutherland John , Civiš Svatopluk
Published: March 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Poly-protein G-expressing bacteria enhance the sensitivity of immunoassays
Authors: Hao Wen-Rui , Chen Michael , Chen Yi-Jou , Su Yu-Cheng , Cheng Chiu-Min , Hsueh Hsiang-Yin , Kao An-Pei , Hsieh Yuan-Chin , Chang Johny , Tseng Ming-Yang , Chuang Kuo-Hsiang
Published: March 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Publisher Correction: A new approach towards biomarker selection in estimation of human exposure to chiral chemicals: a case study of mephedrone
Authors: Castrignanò Erika , Mardal Marie , Rydevik Axel , Miserez Bram , Ramsey John , Shine Trevor , Pantoș G. Dan , Meyer Markus R. , Kasprzyk-Hordern Barbara
Published: March 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Publisher Correction: Puerarin attenuates diabetic kidney injury through the suppression of NOX4 expression in podocytes
Authors: Li Xueling , Cai Weijing , Lee Kyung , Liu Bohan , Deng Yueyi , Chen Yiping , Zhang Xianwen , He John Cijiang , Zhong Yifei
Published: March 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Publisher Correction: Anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of intravenous adipose-derived stem cell transplantation in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Kotani Takuya , Masutani Ryota , Suzuka Takayasu , Oda Katsuhiro , Makino Shigeki , Ii Masaaki
Published: March 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Months-long real-time generation of a time scale based on an optical clock
Authors: Hachisu Hidekazu , Nakagawa Fumimaru , Hanado Yuko , Ido Tetsuya
Published: March 2018

Time scales consistently provide precise time stamps and time intervals by combining atomic frequency standards with a reliable local oscillator. Optical frequency standards, however, have not been applied to the generation of time scales, although they provide superb accuracy and stability these days. Here, by steering an oscillator frequency based on the intermittent operation of a 87Sr optical lattice clock, we realized an “optically steered” time scale TA(Sr) that was continuously generated for half a year. The resultant time scale was as stable as International Atomic Time (TAI) with its accuracy at the 10−16 level. We also compared the time scale with TT(BIPM16). TT(BIPM) is computed in deferred time each January based on a weighted average of the evaluations of the frequency of TAI using primary and secondary frequency standards. The variation of the time difference TA(Sr) – TT(BIPM16) was 0.79 ns after 5 months, suggesting the compatibility of using optical clocks for time scale generation. The steady signal also demonstrated the capability to evaluate one-month mean scale intervals of TAI over all six months with comparable uncertainties to those of primary frequency standards (PFSs).
Grb2 and GRAP connect the B cell antigen receptor to Erk MAP kinase activation in human B cells
Authors: Vanshylla Kanika , Bartsch Caren , Hitzing Christoffer , Krümpelmann Laura , Wienands Jürgen , Engels Niklas
Published: March 2018

The B cell antigen receptor (BCR) employs enzymatically inactive adaptor proteins to facilitate activation of intracellular signaling pathways. In animal model systems, adaptor proteins of the growth factor receptor-bound 2 (Grb2) family have been shown to serve critical functions in lymphocytes. However, the roles of Grb2 and the Grb2-related adaptor protein (GRAP) in human B lymphocytes remain unclear. Using TALEN-mediated gene targeting, we show that in human B cells Grb2 and GRAP amplify signaling by the immunoglobulin tail tyrosine (ITT) motif of mIgE-containing BCRs and furthermore connect immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) signaling to activation of the Ras-controlled Erk MAP kinase pathway. In contrast to mouse B cells, BCR-induced activation of Erk in human B cells is largely independent of phospholipase C-ɣ activity and diacylglycerol-responsive members of Ras guanine nucleotide releasing proteins. Together, our results demonstrate that Grb2 family adaptors are critical regulators of ITAM and ITT signaling in naïve and IgE-switched human B cells.
ZFP226 is a novel artificial transcription factor for selective activation of tumor suppressor KIBRA
Authors: Schelleckes Katrin , Schmitz Boris , Lenders Malte , Mewes Mirja , Brand Stefan-Martin , Brand Eva
Published: March 2018

KIBRA has been suggested as a key regulator of the hippo pathway, regulating organ size, cell contact inhibition as well as tissue regeneration and tumorigenesis. Recently, alterations of KIBRA expression caused by promotor methylation have been reported for several types of cancer. Our current study aimed to design an artificial transcription factor capable of re-activating expression of the tumor suppressor KIBRA and the hippo pathway. We engineered a new gene named ‘ZFP226′ encoding for a ~23 kDa fusion protein. ZFP226 belongs to the Cys2-His2 zinc finger type and recognizes a nine base-pair DNA sequence 5′-GGC-GGC-GGC-3′ in the KIBRA core promoter P1a. ZFP226 showed nuclear localization in human immortalized kidney epithelial cells and activated the KIBRA core promoter (p < 0.001) resulting in significantly increased KIBRA mRNA and protein levels (p < 0.001). Furthermore, ZFP226 led to activation of hippo signaling marked by elevated YAP and LATS phosphorylation. In Annexin V flow cytometry assays ZFP226 overexpression showed strong pro-apoptotic capacity on MCF-7 breast cancer cells (p < 0.01 early-, p < 0.001 late-apoptotic cells). We conclude that the artificial transcription factor ZFP226 can be used for target KIBRA and hippo pathway activation. This novel molecule may represent a molecular tool for the development of future applications in cancer treatment.
Author Correction: Prevention of Retinal Degeneration in a Rat Model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome
Authors: Fliesler Steven J. , Peachey Neal S. , Herron Josi , Hines Kelly M. , Weinstock Nadav I. , Rao Sriganesh Ramachandra , Xu Libin
Published: March 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Structural effects on glass stability and crystallization
Authors: Rodrigues A. M. , Silva L. D. , Zhang R. , Soares V. O.
Published: March 2018

We report the correlation between glass stability, crystallization activation energy and the glass structure to one pure devitrite glass (Na2Ca3Si6O16), and two other glasses in which 4 mol% and 8 mol% of devitrite glass were replaced with TiO2 (Dev, 4Ti and 8Ti, respectively).
Hydrogels: experimental characterization and mathematical modelling of their mechanical and diffusive behaviour
Authors: Caccavo D. , Cascone S. , Lamberti G. , Barba A. A.
Published: March 2018

Hydrogels are materials widely used in biomedical, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical applications. Knowledge of their mechanical and diffusive behaviour is desired to design new hydrogels-based-systems.
Single layer porous media with entrapped minerals for microscale studies of multiphase flow
Authors: Liefferink R. W. , Naillon A. , Bonn D. , Prat M. , Shahidzadeh N.
Published: March 2018

We report a novel method for manufacturing single layer porous media in which minerals can be entrapped in a controlled way in order to study their dissolution and recrystallization.
The preparation of a three dimensional terbium doped reduced graphene oxide aerogel with photoluminescence and paramagnetic properties
Authors: Chen Keqin , Gao Hui , Wang Dongdong , Li Xiaolong , Wang Deying , Khan Waheed Ullah
Published: March 2018

A detailed mechanism for the ferromagnetism and photoluminescence of a composite, reduced graphene oxide doped with terbium ions (rGO/Tb), is proposed.
A novel fluorescent probe for imaging the process of HOCl oxidation and Cys/Hcy reduction in living cells
Authors: Liu Zhen , Li Guoping , Wang Yana , Li Jiulong , Mi Yang , Guo Linna , Xu Wenjian , Zou Dapeng , Li Tiesheng , Wu Yangjie
Published: March 2018

A new on–off–on fluorescent probe, CMOS, was designed and applied to detect the process of HOCl oxidation and Cys/Hcy reduction.
An upconversion luminescence and temperature sensor based on Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped GdSr2AlO5
Authors: Zhang Gangyi , Qiang Qinping , Du Shanshan , Wang Yuhua
Published: March 2018

GdSr2AlO5:Yb3+/Er3+ micro-particles were synthesized by a simple solid state method.
A framework for understanding student nurses’ experience of chemistry as part of a health science course
Authors: Boddey Kerrie , de Berg Kevin
Published: March 2018

Twenty-seven first-year nursing students, divided across six focus groups formed on the basis of their past chemistry experience, were interviewed about their chemistry experience as a component of a Health Science unit. Information related to learning and academic performance was able to be established from student conversations resulting in three themes (and associated categories): Connectivity (curriculum, application, and social interaction); Reductivity (nature of chemistry, exposition, and control of learning); and Reflexivity (confidence, anxiety, and goal orientation). The framework proved useful in portraying relationships between themes for conversations related to tutorial sessions, prior knowledge, and chemistry in nursing. The focus groups were representative of the total cohort of students in terms of gender, age, working hours, academic performance, enjoyment level of chemistry, and the extent of the relevance of chemistry to nursing. Implications for chemistry educators, especially those supporting novices, are considered.
Highly sensitive and selective SO2 MOF sensor: the integration of MFM-300 MOF as a sensitive layer on a capacitive interdigitated electrode
Authors: Chernikova Valeriya , Yassine Omar , Shekhah Osama , Eddaoudi Mohamed , Salama Khaled N.
Published: March 2018

This work reports on the fabrication of an advanced capacitive sensor based on a MFM-300 (In) MOF for the detection of SO2 at room temperature. The sensor revealed remarkable SO2 sensitivity down to 75 ppb with excellent stability and selectivity to other common gases/vapors.
Use of surface photovoltage spectroscopy to probe energy levels and charge carrier dynamics in transition metal (Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn, Rh) doped SrTiO3 photocatalysts for H2 evolution from water
Authors: Ma Xiaoqing , Cui Xiaoli , Zhao Zeqiong , Melo Mauricio A. , Roberts Emily J. , Osterloh Frank E.
Published: March 2018

The photovoltage onset reveals the energetics of the donor states, while photovoltage size and reversibility provide information on the charge transfer dynamics of the dopants and their ability to oxidize methanol.
Biomimetic nanothylakoids for efficient imaging-guided photodynamic therapy for cancer
Authors: Ouyang Jiang , Wang Liqiang , Chen Wansong , Zeng Ke , Han Yajing , Xu Yan , Xu Qunfang , Deng Liu , Liu You-Nian
Published: March 2018

Biomimetic nanothylakoids are constructed for the first time and show high efficiency in tumor microenvironment modulation and imaging-guided photodynamic antitumor therapy.
A 18F radiolabelled Zn(ii) sensing fluorescent probe
Authors: Price Thomas W. , Firth George , Eling Charlotte J. , Kinnon Michelle , Long Nicholas J. , Sturge Justin , Stasiuk Graeme J.
Published: March 2018

A selective fluorescent probe for Zn(ii), AQA-F, has been synthesised and radiolabelled. AQA-F exhibits a ratiometric (80 nm) shift in emission and responds to endogenous Zn(ii) levels in vitro.
One-step green synthesis of silver nanobelts assisted by sodium carboxymethylcellulose for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol
Authors: Xia Yan , Gao Zhinong , Liao Xueming , Yan Saisai , Han Jia , Wang Xiaohua , Pan Chenchen , Zhang Yingfang , Zhai Wenzhong
Published: March 2018

Large-scale, ultra-long AgNBs were prepared via a green approach assisted by CMC for the highly efficient catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol.
Simultaneous size adjustment and upconversion luminescence enhancement of β-NaLuF4:Yb3+/Er3+,Er3+/Tm3+ microcrystals by introducing Ca2+ for temperature sensing
Authors: Zhou Aihua , Song Feng , Han Yingdong , Song Feifei , Ju Dandan , Wang Xueqin
Published: March 2018

β-NaLuF4:Yb3+/Er3+ microcrystals have been obtained through a facile hydrothermal method at a relatively low temperature (180 °C) within only two hours.
New curcumin-derived ligands and their affinity towards Ga3+, Fe3+ and Cu2+: spectroscopic studies on complex formation and stability in solution
Authors: Rigamonti Luca , Orteca Giulia , Asti Mattia , Basile Valentina , Imbriano Carol , Saladini Monica , Ferrari Erika
Published: March 2018

Chemico-physical properties, metal chelating ability, antiproliferative activity and DNA binding of new curcuminoids with improved stability.
A distinctive transformation based diversity oriented synthesis of small ring carbocycles and heterocycles from biocatalytically derived enantiopure α-substituted-β-hydroxyesters
Authors: Halder Joydev , Das Debabrata , Nanda Samik
Published: March 2018

A series of structurally novel small ring carbocyclic and heterocyclic molecules were accessed in an enantiopure fashion.
A reversible and highly selective two-photon fluorescent “on–off–on” probe for biological Cu2+ detection
Authors: Wang Hui , Fang Bin , Zhou Le , Li Di , Kong Lin , Uvdal Kajsa , Hu Zhangjun
Published: March 2018

L was used to track Cu2+ in the cellular endoplasmic reticulum using two-photon microscopy.
Iron-catalyzed ortho trifluoromethylation of anilines via picolinamide assisted photoinduced C–H functionalization
Authors: Xia Chengcai , Wang Kai , Wang Guodong , Duan Guiyun
Published: March 2018

An oxidant-free protocol was developed for the ortho trifluoromethylation of aniline via picolinamide assisted Fe-promoted C–H functionalization under ultraviolet irradiation.
Hollow NiFe2O4 microspindles derived from Ni/Fe bimetallic MOFs for highly sensitive acetone sensing at low operating temperatures
Authors: Song Xue-Zhi , Sun Fei-Fei , Dai Shu-Ting , Lin Xin , Sun Kai-Ming , Wang Xiao-Feng
Published: March 2018

A gas sensor based on hollow NiFe2O4 microspindles delivers unprecedentedly high sensitivity towards acetone vapor as well as good selectivity and cycling stability at a low working temperature.
FeCl3 as a low-cost and efficient p-type dopant of Spiro-OMeTAD for high performance perovskite solar cells
Authors: Gu Xiaoyu , Li Yang , Mu Yanfei , Zhang Min , Lu Tongbu , Wang Peng
Published: March 2018

We have employed low-cost FeCl3 as efficient dopant of Spiro-OMeTAD for high performance perovskite solar cells.
Catalytic enantioselective Henry reaction of α-keto esters, 2-acylpyridines and 2-acylpyridine N-oxides
Authors: He Feilong , Chen Guanghui , Yang Junxia , Liang Guojuan , Deng Ping , Xiong Yan , Zhou Hui
Published: March 2018

Asymmetric Henry reaction of ketones catalyzed by a pre-prepared Ni complex with low catalyst loading.
General template-free strategy for fabricating mesoporous two-dimensional mixed oxide nanosheetsviaself-deconstruction/reconstruction of monodispersed metal glycerate nanospheres
Authors: Kaneti Yusuf Valentino , Salunkhe Rahul R. , Wulan Septiani Ni Luh , Young Christine , Jiang Xuchuan , He Yan-Bing , Kang Yong-Mook , Sugahara Yoshiyuki , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: March 2018

Self-deconstruction/reconstruction strategy for fabricating 2-D mesoporous mixed oxide nanosheets is described.
Energy level alignment of dipolar interface layer in organic and hybrid perovskite solar cells
Authors: Lim Kyung-Geun , Ahn Soyeong , Lee Tae-Woo
Published: March 2018

The energy-level adjustment of the dipolar interface layer in organic solar cells and hybrid perovskite solar cells is elucidated by interface dipole moments.
Metal-doped TiO2colloidal nanocrystals with broadly tunable plasmon resonance absorption
Authors: Cao Sheng , Zhang Shengliang , Zhang Tianran , Fisher Adrian , Lee Jim Yang
Published: March 2018

A series of metal-doped TiO2nanocrystals which exhibit broad LSPR absorption tunability and their synthesis by a facile and scalable one-pot method.
Flexible mechanochromic photonic crystals: routes to visual sensors and their mechanical properties
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wang Qing , Zheng Xu
Published: March 2018

This review summarizes the recent developments in flexible mechanochromic photonic crystals, including the inspirations of the material from nature, principles for fabrication, characterizations of mechanical properties, as well as applications in smart strain-colour sensing.
The local rotation curve of the Milky Way based on SEGUE and RAVE data
Authors: Sysoliatina K. , Just A. , Golubov O. , Parker Q. A. , Grebel E. K. , Kordopatis G. , Zwitter T. , Bland-Hawthorn J. , Gibson B. K. , Kunder A. , Munari U. , Navarro J. , Reid W. , Seabroke G. , Steinmetz M. , Watson F.
Published: March 2018

Aims. We construct the rotation curve of the Milky Way in the extended solar neighbourhood using a sample of Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (SEGUE) G-dwarfs. We investigate the rotation curve shape for the presence of any peculiarities just outside the solar radius as has been reported by some authors.

Methods. Using the modified Strömberg relation and the most recent data from the RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE), we determine the solar peculiar velocity and the radial scale lengths for the three populations of different metallicities representing the Galactic thin disc. Subsequently, with the same binning in metallicity for the SEGUE G-dwarfs, we construct the rotation curve for a range of Galactocentric distances from 7 to 10 kpc. We approach this problem in a framework of classical Jeans analysis and derive the circular velocity by correcting the mean tangential velocity for the asymmetric drift in each distance bin. With SEGUE data we also calculate the radial scale length of the thick disc taking as known the derived peculiar motion of the Sun and the slope of the rotation curve.

Results. The tangential component of the solar peculiar velocity is found to be V ⊙ = 4.47 ± 0.8 km s−1 and the corresponding scale lengths from the RAVE data are Rd(0 < [Fe/H] < 0.2) = 2.07 ± 0.2 kpc, Rd(−0.2 < [Fe/H] < 0) = 2.28 ± 0.26 kpc and Rd(−0.5 < [Fe/H] <−0.2) = 3.05 ± 0.43 kpc. In terms of the asymmetric drift, the thin disc SEGUE stars are demonstrated to have dynamics similar to the thin disc RAVE stars, therefore the scale lengths calculated from the SEGUE sample have close values: Rd(0 < [Fe/H] < 0.2) = 1.91 ± 0.23 kpc, Rd(−0.2 < [Fe/H] < 0) = 2.51 ± 0.25 kpc and Rd(−0.5 < [Fe/H] <−0.2) = 3.55 ± 0.42 kpc. The rotation curve constructed through SEGUE G-dwarfs appears to be smooth in the selected radial range 7 kpc < R < 10 kpc. The inferred power law index of the rotation curve is 0.033 ± 0.034, which corresponds to a local slope of dV c∕dR = 0.98 ± 1 km s−1 kpc−1. The radial scale length of the thick disc is 2.05 kpc with no essential dependence on metallicity.

Conclusions. The local kinematics of the thin disc rotation as determined in the framework of our new careful analysis does not favour the presence of a massive overdensity ring just outside the solar radius. We also find values for solar peculiar motion, radial scale lengths of thick disc, and three thin disc populations of different metallicities as a side result of this work.
Merger types forming the Virgo cluster in recent gigayears
Authors: Olchanski M. , Sorce J. G.
Published: March 2018

Context. As our closest cluster-neighbor, the Virgo cluster of galaxies is intensely studied by observers to unravel the mysteries of galaxy evolution within clusters. At this stage, cosmological numerical simulations of the cluster are useful to efficiently test theories and calibrate models. However, it is not trivial to select the perfect simulacrum of the Virgo cluster to fairly compare in detail its observed and simulated galaxy populations that are affected by the type and history of the cluster. Aims. Determining precisely the properties of Virgo for a later selection of simulated clusters becomes essential. It is still not clear how to access some of these properties, such as the past history of the Virgo cluster from current observations. Therefore, directly producing effective simulacra of the Virgo cluster is inevitable.

Methods. Efficient simulacra of the Virgo cluster can be obtained via simulations that resemble the local Universe down to the cluster scale. In such simulations, Virgo-like halos form in the proper local environment and permit assessing the most probable formation history of the cluster. Studies based on these simulations have already revealed that the Virgo cluster has had a quiet merging history over the last seven gigayears and that the cluster accretes matter along a preferential direction.

Results. This paper reveals that in addition such Virgo halos have had on average only one merger larger than about a tenth of their mass at redshift zero within the last four gigayears. This second branch (by opposition to main branch) formed in a given sub-region and merged recently (within the last gigayear). These properties are not shared with a set of random halos within the same mass range.

Conclusions. This study extends the validity of the scheme used to produce the Virgo simulacra down to the largest sub-halos of the Virgo cluster. It opens up great prospects for detailed comparisons with observations, including substructures and markers of past history, to be conducted with a large sample of high resolution “Virgos” and including baryons, in the near future.
Plants and Natural Products for the Treatment of Skin Hyperpigmentation – A Review
Authors: Kanlayavattanakul Mayuree , Lourith Nattaya
Published: March 2018

Skin hyperpigmentation is caused by several factors that upregulate melanogenesis. Plants and natural products with skin-whitening effects are gaining interest among consumers and researchers because they are perceived to be milder, safer, and healthier than synthetic alternatives. This review extensively summarizes the status of plants and natural products currently used in skin-whitening cosmetics as well as potential candidates for future use, because the scope of natural choices for efficient treatment of skin hyperpigmentation is rapidly widening. Biological activities of plants and natural extracts are therefore available for cosmetic formulators and dermatologists interested in naturally derived ingredients for skin hyperpigmentation treatment and in accordance with the consumersʼ preferences and expectations upon natural cosmetic products.
Interview: „Die Erfahrung des Arztes reicht heute nicht mehr aus.“
Authors: Lixenfeld Christoph
Published: March 2018

PD Dr. Aldemar Andres Hegewald, Chefarzt der Abteilung Wirbelsäulenchirurgie der Helios Ostseeklinik Damp, spricht mit kma über die Rolle von PROs für die Therapie – und über ihre Grenzen.
Editorial: Gute Klinik-Einrichtung Hilft Heilen
Authors: Grether Thomas
Published: March 2018

Flackernde Leuchtstoffröhren, gelblich-angelaufene Plastikmöbel, ein Ambiente wie in einer Amtsstube: So müssen Krankenhauszimmer nicht mehr aussehen. Führende Bettenhersteller bieten Hightech-Klinikbetten, die beim Heilen helfen und dabei auch noch gut aussehen. Deswegen erforscht Asklepios mit seinem „Room 2525“, wie das Krankenhauszimmer der Zukunft aussehen kann. Der Krankenhauskonzern hat mit rund 20 Unternehmen ein Patientenzimmer entwickelt, das Komfort und Hygiene vereint. Das versucht auch Architekt Benjamin Ebbecke zu verwirklichen. Der Architekt Manager berät Krankenhäuser, ihre Zimmer möglichst wohnlich einzurichten.
Fe(III)/l-Valine-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of N-Sulfinyl- and N-Sulfonylimines via Oxidative Cascade Reaction of Alcohols with Sulfinamides or Sulfonamides
Authors: Zhang Guofu , Xing Yunzhe , Xu Shengjun , Ding Chengrong , Shan Shang
Published: March 2018

An efficient Fe(III), l-valine, and 4-OH-TEMPO catalytic system was found for the oxidation of alcohols followed by condensation with sulfinamide or sulfonamide in one pot for the synthesis of N-sulfinyl- and N-sulfonylimines compounds under mild conditions. This transformation accommodates a variety of substrates, shows high functional-group tolerance, and affords the corresponding products in good to excellent yields.
Komplikationen in der Hüftchirurgie beim Rheumatiker
Authors: Bause Ludwig
Published: March 2018

Die Erfolge der modernen Hüftendoprothetik sind unbestritten und ermöglichen vielen Patienten eine weiterhin aktive Lebensgestaltung. Gerade Patienten mit rheumatischer Grunderkrankung, die verhältnismäßig häufiger und in jüngerem Lebensalter betroffen sind, profitieren hiervon. Obwohl die technische Durchführung der Endoprothetik hierbei ähnlichen Gesetzen unterliegt wie bei arthrotischer Grunderkrankung sind doch krankheitsspezifische Besonderheiten zu beachten. Aus dem Blickwinkel einer auf Rheumachirurgie spezialisierten Klinik werden Besonderheiten der Endoprothetik rheumatischer Hüften anhand eigener Erfahrungen und der Literatur diskutiert. Hierbei wird sowohl auf die Primärversorgung als auch die Revisionschirurgie eingegangen. Revisionsgründe wie aseptische und septische Lockerungen, Luxationen, Materialversagen und periprothetische Frakturen werden erläutert. Besonders betrachtet wird die z. T. schwierige Differenzialdiagnose zwischen septischen und aseptischen Lockerungen. Im Rahmen einer Schubsituation der Grunderkrankung und gleichzeitiger Immunsuppression kann die Abgrenzung zu einem periprothetischen Infekt schwierig sein. Hier ist aufgrund der rasch ansteigenden Komplikationsrate besonders bei multilokulären Infekten eine schnelle Differenzierung und schnelle adäquate Therapieeinleitung erforderlich.
A new device for high-temperature in situ GISAXS measurements
Authors: Fritz-Popovski Gerhard , Bodner Sabine C. , Sosada-Ludwikowska Florentyna , Maier Günther A. , Morak Roland , Chitu Livia , Bruegemann Lutz , Lange Joachim , Krane Hans-Georg , Paris Oskar
Published: March 2018

A heating stage originally designed for diffraction experiments is implemented into a Bruker NANOSTAR instrument for in situ grazing incidence small-angle x-ray scattering experiments. A controlled atmosphere is provided by a dome separating the sample environment from the evacuated scattering instrument. This dome is double shelled in order to enable cooling water to flow through it. A mesoporous silica film templated by a self-assembled block copolymer system is investigated in situ during step-wise heating in air. The GISAXS pattern shows the structural development of the ordered lattice of parallel cylindrical pores. The deformation of the elliptical pore-cross section perpendicular to the film surface was studied with increasing temperature. Moreover, the performance of the setup was tested by controlled in situ heating of a copper surface under controlled oxygen containing atmosphere.
Heavy Mg-doping of (Al,Ga)N films for potential applications in deep ultraviolet light-emitting structures
Authors: Liang Y. H. , Towe E.
Published: March 2018

Doping of high aluminum-containing (Al,Ga)N thin films has remained a challenging problem that has hindered progress in the development of deep ultraviolet light-emitters. This paper reports on the synthesis and use of heavily doped (Al,Ga)N films in deep ultraviolet (∼274 nm) light-emitting structures; these structures were synthesized by molecular beam epitaxy under liquid-metal growth conditions that facilitate the incorporation of extremely high density of Mg dopant impurities (up to 5 × 1019 cm−3) into aluminum-rich (Al,Ga)N thin films. Prototypical light-emitting diode structures incorporating Al0.7Ga0.3N films doped with Mg impurities that ionize to give free hole carrier concentrations of up to 6 × 1017 cm−3 exhibit external quantum efficiencies of up 0.56%; this is an improvement from previous devices made from molecular beam epitaxy-grown materials. This improvement is believed to be due to the high hole carrier concentration enabled by the relatively low activation energy of 220 meV compared to the expected values of 408–507 meV for Al0.7Ga0.3N films.
Growth and optical characteristics of Tm-doped AlGaN layer grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Takatsu J. , Fuji R. , Tatebayashi J. , Timmerman D. , Lesage A. , Gregorkiewicz T. , Fujiwara Y.
Published: March 2018

We report on the growth and optical properties of Tm-doped AlGaN layers by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE). The morphological and optical properties of Tm-doped GaN (GaN:Tm) and Tm-doped AlGaN (AlGaN:Tm) were investigated by Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy and photoluminescence (PL) characterization. Nomarski images reveal an increase of surface roughness upon doping Tm into both GaN and AlGaN layers. The PL characterization of GaN:Tm shows emission in the near-infrared range originating from intra-4f shell transitions of Tm3+ ions. In contrast, AlGaN:Tm also exhibits blue light emission from Tm3+ ions. In that case, the wider band gap of the AlGaN host allows energy transfer to higher states of the Tm3+ ions. With time-resolved PL measurements, we could distinguish three types of luminescent sites of Tm3+ in the AlGaN:Tm layer, having different decay times. Our results confirm that Tm ions can be doped into GaN and AlGaN by OMVPE, and show potential for the fabrication of novel high-color-purity blue light emitting diodes.
Potential energy surfaces for electron dynamics modeled by floating and breathing Gaussian wave packets with valence-bond spin-coupling: An analysis of high-harmonic generation spectrum
Authors: Ando Koji
Published: March 2018

A model of localized electron wave packets (EWPs), floating and breathing Gaussians with non-orthogonal valence-bond spin-coupling, is applied to compute the high-harmonic generation (HHG) spectrum from a LiH molecule induced by an intense laser pulse. The characteristic features of the spectrum, a plateau up to 50 harmonic-order and a cutoff, agreed well with those from the previous time-dependent complete active-space self-consistent-field calculation [T. Sato and K. L. Ishikawa, Phys. Rev. A 91, 023417 (2015)]. In contrast to the conventional molecular orbital picture in which the Li 2s and H 1s atomic orbitals are strongly mixed, the present calculation indicates that an incoherent sum of responses of single electrons reproduces the HHG spectrum, in which the contribution from the H 1s electron dominates the plateau and cutoff, whereas the Li 2s electron contributes to the lower frequency response. The results are comprehensive in terms of the shapes of single-electron potential energy curves constructed from the localized EWP model.
Room temperature microwave oscillations in GaN/AlN resonant tunneling diodes with peak current densities up to 220 kA/cm2
Authors: Encomendero Jimy , Yan Rusen , Verma Amit , Islam S. M. , Protasenko Vladimir , Rouvimov Sergei , Fay Patrick , Jena Debdeep , Xing Huili Grace
Published: March 2018

We report the generation of room temperature microwave oscillations from GaN/AlN resonant tunneling diodes, which exhibit record-high peak current densities. The tunneling heterostructure grown by molecular beam epitaxy on freestanding GaN substrates comprises a thin GaN quantum well embedded between two AlN tunneling barriers. The room temperature current-voltage characteristics exhibit a record-high maximum peak current density of ∼220 kA/cm2. When biased within the negative differential conductance region, microwave oscillations are measured with a fundamental frequency of ∼0.94 GHz, generating an output power of ∼3.0 μW. Both the fundamental frequency and the output power of the oscillator are limited by the external biasing circuit. Using a small-signal equivalent circuit model, the maximum intrinsic frequency of oscillation for these diodes is predicted to be ∼200 GHz. This work represents a significant step towards microwave power generation enabled by resonant tunneling transport, an ultra-fast process that goes beyond the limitations of current III-Nitride high electron mobility transistors.
Phase noise cancellation in polarisation-maintaining fibre links
Authors: Rauf B. , Vélez López M. C. , Thoumany P. , Pizzocaro M. , Calonico D.
Published: March 2018

The distribution of ultra-narrow linewidth laser radiation is an integral part of many challenging metrological applications. Changes in the optical pathlength induced by environmental disturbances compromise the stability and accuracy of optical fibre networks distributing the laser light and call for active phase noise cancellation. Here we present a laboratory scale optical (at 578 nm) fibre network featuring all polarisation maintaining fibres in a setup with low optical powers available and tracking voltage-controlled oscillators implemented. The stability and accuracy of this system reach performance levels below 1 × 10−19 after 10 000 s of averaging.
Control of runaway electron energy using externally injected whistler waves
Authors: Guo Zehua , McDevitt Christopher J. , Tang Xian-Zhu
Published: March 2018

One way of mitigating runaway damage of the plasma-facing components in a tokamak fusion reactor is by limiting the runaway electron energy under a few MeV, while not necessarily reducing the runaway current appreciably. Here, we describe a physics mechanism by which such momentum space engineering of the runaway distribution can be facilitated by externally injected high-frequency electromagnetic waves such as whistler waves. The drastic impact that wave-induced scattering can have on the runaway energy distribution is fundamentally the result of its ability to control the runaway vortex in the momentum space. The runaway vortex, which is a local circulation of runaways in momentum space, is the outcome of the competition between Coulomb collisions, synchrotron radiation damping, and runaway acceleration by the parallel electric field. By introducing a wave that resonantly interacts with runaways in a particular range of energies which is mildly relativistic, the enhanced scattering would reshape the vortex by cutting off the part that is highly relativistic. The efficiency of resonant scattering accentuates the requirement that the wave amplitude can be small so the power requirement from external wave injection is practical for the mitigation scheme.
Epitaxial graphene/SiC Schottky ultraviolet photodiode with orders of magnitude adjustability in responsivity and response speed
Authors: Yang Junwei , Guo Liwei , Guo Yunlong , Hu Weijie , Zhang Zesheng
Published: March 2018

A simple optical-electronic device that possesses widescale adjustability in its performance is specially required for realizing multifunctional applications as in optical communication and weak signal detectors. Here, we demonstrate an epitaxial graphene (EG)/n-type SiC Schottky ultraviolet (UV) photodiode with extremely widescale adjustability in its responsivity and response speed. It is found that the response speed of the device can be modulated over seven orders of magnitude from tens of nanoseconds to milliseconds by changing its working bias from 0 to −5 V, while its responsivity can be varied by three orders of magnitude. A 2.18 A/W responsivity is observed at −5 V when a 325 nm laser is irradiated on, corresponding to an external quantum efficiency over 800% ascribed to the trap induced internal gain mechanism. These performances of the EG/SiC Schottky photodiode are far superior to those based on traditional metal/SiC and indicate that the EG/n-type SiC Schottky diode is a good candidate for application in UV photodetection.
First-principles study of the electronic and optical properties of Li(Nb,Os)O3 alloys
Authors: Shen Zhen-Xiong , Ren Xinguo , He Lixin
Published: March 2018

Ferroelectric materials have some unique properties that are promising for photovoltaic applications. However, traditional ferroelectrics usually have a very large bandgap and therefore extremely low absorption in the visible light range. In this work, we study the electronic and optical properties of LiNb1–xOsxO3 alloys via first-principles calculations. We show that doping Os in LiNbO3 can effectively tune the bandgaps of the material. Specifically, less than 10% Os doping in LiNbO3 can reduce the bandgap from 3.78 eV to around 0.7 eV. The optical absorption of LiNb1–xOsxO3 alloys is improved to about two orders of magnitude than that of pure LiNbO3 in the visible light and infrared range. We further show that the alloys can still maintain their ferroelectricity and therefore have the potential for ferroelectric photovoltaic applications.
Strain-induced high-temperature perovskite ferromagnetic insulator
Authors: Meng Dechao , Guo Hongli , Cui Zhangzhang , Ma Chao , Zhao Jin , Lu Jiangbo , Xu Hui , Wang Zhicheng , Hu Xiang , Fu Zhengping , Peng Ranran , Guo Jinghua , Zhai Xiaofang , Brown Gail J. , Knize Randy , Lu Yalin
Published: March 2018

Significance

Ferromagnetic insulators are highly needed as the necessary components in developing next-generation dissipationless quantum-spintronic devices. Such materials are rare, and those high symmetric ones without chemical doping available so far only work below 16 K. Here we demonstrate a tensile-strained LaCoO
3
film to be a strain-induced high-temperature ferromagnetic insulator. Both experiments and first-principles calculations demonstrated that the tensile-strain–supported ferromagnetism reaches its strongest when the composition is nearly stoichiometric. It disappears when the Co
2+
defect concentration reaches around 10%. The discovery represents a chance for the availability of such materials, a high operation temperature, and a high epitaxial integration potential for making future devices.
Solution NMR structure of yeast Rcf1, a protein involved in respiratory supercomplex formation
Authors: Zhou Shu , Pettersson Pontus , Huang Jingjing , Sjöholm Johannes , Sjöstrand Dan , Pomès Régis , Högbom Martin , Brzezinski Peter , Mäler Lena , Ädelroth Pia
Published: March 2018

Significance

Mitochondrial respiration is carried out by a chain of protein complexes. Electron transfer through these complexes is coupled to the generation of a proton electrochemical gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane, which is used, e.g., to synthesize ATP. The components of the respiratory chain are assembled into supercomplexes, presumed to provide functional advantages. The respiratory supercomplex factors (Rcfs), were identified to be required for supercomplex formation in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
. To understand the mechanism and dynamics of supercomplex formation, structural information about these Rcfs is needed. Here, we report the solution state NMR structure of Rcf1, which forms a dimer in detergent micelles. The study reveals unique structural features of Rcf1 and provides insights into supercomplex formation.
Biomass smoke from southern Africa can significantly enhance the brightness of stratocumulus over the southeastern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Lu Zheng , Liu Xiaohong , Zhang Zhibo , Zhao Chun , Meyer Kerry , Rajapakshe Chamara , Wu Chenglai , Yang Zhifeng , Penner Joyce E.
Published: March 2018

Significance

Each year biomass burning (BB) aerosols emitted in southern Africa during the fire season (July–October) transport westward over the southeast Atlantic Ocean and interact with underlying stratocumulus decks. Previous studies showed that BB aerosols greatly perturb the top of atmosphere radiation balance by scattering and absorbing solar radiation and by altering cloud properties via changing the lower tropospheric stability (direct and semidirect effects). Using a state-of-the-art model in combination with satellite observations, we found that BB aerosols that are entrained into the clouds function as cloud condensation nuclei, and increase the brightness of stratocumulus clouds (indirect effect). In these models, this indirect effect dominates the direct and semidirect effects of BB aerosols over this region.
High salt intake causes leptin resistance and obesity in mice by stimulating endogenous fructose production and metabolism
Authors: Lanaspa Miguel A. , Kuwabara Masanari , Andres-Hernando Ana , Li Nanxing , Cicerchi Christina , Jensen Thomas , Orlicky David J. , Roncal-Jimenez Carlos A. , Ishimoto Takuji , Nakagawa Takahiko , Rodriguez-Iturbe Bernardo , MacLean Paul S. , Johnson Richard J.
Published: March 2018

Significance

High salt intake is common in Western diets and likely contributes to hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Recently high salt intake has also been found to both be associated and predict the development of obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Here we show that high-salt diet activates the aldose reductase (polyol) pathway in the liver, resulting in endogenous fructose production that then induces leptin resistance and the development of metabolic syndrome and fatty liver. Blocking fructose metabolism blocks the effects of high-salt diet. High salt intake also predicts diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Japanese adults. Thus, high-salt diet, an essential micronutrient with no intrinsic caloric value, may have a contributory role in driving obesity and diabetes.
Low agreement among reviewers evaluating the same NIH grant applications
Authors: Pier Elizabeth L. , Brauer Markus , Filut Amarette , Kaatz Anna , Raclaw Joshua , Nathan Mitchell J. , Ford Cecilia E. , Carnes Molly
Published: March 2018

Significance

Scientific grant peer reviewers must differentiate the very best applications from comparatively weaker ones. Despite the importance of this determination in allocating funding, little research has explored how reviewers derive their assigned ratings for the applications they review or whether this assessment is consistent when the same application is evaluated by different sets of reviewers. We replicated the NIH peer-review process to examine the qualitative and quantitative judgments of different reviewers examining the same grant application. We found no agreement among reviewers in evaluating the same application. These findings highlight the subjectivity in reviewers’ evaluations of grant applications and underscore the difficulty in comparing the evaluations of different applications from different reviewers—which is how peer review actually unfolds.
Structural basis for the role of serine-rich repeat proteins from
Lactobacillus reuteri
in gut microbe–host interactions
Authors: Sequeira Saannya , Kavanaugh Devon , MacKenzie Donald A. , Šuligoj Tanja , Walpole Samuel , Leclaire Charlotte , Gunning A. Patrick , Latousakis Dimitrios , Willats William G. T. , Angulo Jesus , Dong Changjiang , Juge Nathalie
Published: March 2018

Significance

Gut bacteria play a key role in health and disease, but the molecular mechanisms underpinning their interaction with the host remain elusive. The serine-rich repeat proteins (SRRPs) are a family of adhesins identified in many Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. We previously showed that beneficial bacterial species found in the gut also express SRRPs and that SRRP was required for the ability of
Lactobacillus reuteri
strain to colonize mice. Here, our structural and biochemical data reveal that
L. reuteri
SRRP adopts a β-solenoid fold not observed in other structurally characterized SRRPs and functions as an adhesin via a pH-dependent mechanism, providing structural insights into the role of these adhesins in biofilm formation of gut symbionts.
Peptides of pHLIP family for targeted intracellular and extracellular delivery of cargo molecules to tumors
Authors: Wyatt Linden C. , Moshnikova Anna , Crawford Troy , Engelman Donald M. , Andreev Oleg A. , Reshetnyak Yana K.
Published: March 2018

Significance

Targeted delivery has been limited by reliance on tumor cell biomarkers. The emergence of the pH (low) insertion peptide (pHLIP) technology provides an alternative by targeting a metabolic marker, tumor cell surface acidity. We report several new pHLIPs, including a new concept, pHLIP bundles, and we evaluate these constructs alongside a new generation of pHLIPs. We also discuss challenges inherent to the design and accurate evaluation of pHLIPs. Our research elucidates the strengths and weaknesses of existing pHLIPs, proposes future peptide modifications that could further improve tumor targeting, and discusses the applicability of this new generation of pHLIPs for specific areas of drug delivery. The principles and new constructs promise to advance applications to tumor therapy.
Deciphering the reading of the genetic code by near-cognate tRNA
Authors: Blanchet Sandra , Cornu David , Hatin Isabelle , Grosjean Henri , Bertin Pierre , Namy Olivier
Published: March 2018

Significance

Protein translation is a key cellular process in which each codon of mRNAs has to be accurately and efficiently recognized by cognate tRNAs of a large repertoire of noncognate tRNAs. A successful decoding process is largely dependent on the presence of modified nucleotides within the anticodon loop, especially of tRNAs having to read A/U-rich codons. In this latter case, their roles appear to stabilize the codon–anticodon interaction, allowing them to reach an optimal energetic value close to that of other interacting tRNAs involving G/C-rich anticodons. In this work we demonstrate that, while helping an efficient translation of A/U-rich codons, modified nucleotides also allow certain unconventional base pairing to occur, as evidenced in the case of stop codon suppression.
Long-term nutrient reductions lead to the unprecedented recovery of a temperate coastal region
Authors: Lefcheck Jonathan S. , Orth Robert J. , Dennison William C. , Wilcox David J. , Murphy Rebecca R. , Keisman Jennifer , Gurbisz Cassie , Hannam Michael , Landry J. Brooke , Moore Kenneth A. , Patrick Christopher J. , Testa Jeremy , Weller Donald E. , Batiuk Richard A.
Published: March 2018

Significance

Human actions, including nutrient pollution, are causing the widespread degradation of coastal habitats, and efforts to restore these valuable ecosystems have been largely unsuccessful or of limited scope. We provide an example of successful restoration linking effective management of nutrients to the successful recovery of submersed aquatic vegetation along thousands of kilometers of coastline in Chesapeake Bay, United States. We also show that biodiversity conservation can be an effective path toward recovery of coastal systems. Our study validates 30 years of environmental policy and provides a road map for future ecological restoration.
Measuring the potential for sustainable intensification of aquaculture in Bangladesh using life cycle assessment
Authors: Henriksson Patrik John Gustav , Belton Ben , Jahan Khondker Murshed-e- , Rico Andreu
Published: March 2018

Significance

Aquaculture has only recently begun to make significant contributions to the global food system but is undergoing rapid growth and intensification. Identifying the most sustainable intensification options for aquaculture provides an opportunity to avoid some of the environmental pitfalls of agriculture and livestock production. Life cycle assessment is operationalized here as a tool to evaluate a range of environmental impacts resulting from the intensification of aquaculture production in Bangladesh and a subset of trade-offs among them. Intensifying aquaculture production results in multidirectional outcomes across different environmental impact categories. These findings are used to identify simple improvements in farm management practices that can make the intensification of aquaculture more sustainable.