bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnic Identity in Deaf Hispanics of New Mexico
Authors: Page Jeanne M.
Published: October 2013

To explore whether Deaf Hispanics identify more strongly with their Hispanic heritage or with American Deaf culture, theoretical propositions and research findings on three main themes are presented: ethnic identity, the development of a unified Deaf population, and the development of a Southwestern US Hispanic identity. To examine the convergence of these three a body of data was collected, using in-depth interviews based on ethnographic philosophies, framed elicitations, and questionnaires. The Grounded Theory of Strauss and Corbin (1990) was used to analyze the data. Findings were, not unexpectedly, equivocal. According to objective definitions, Deaf Hispanics may be both Hispanic and Deaf. According to subjective definitions, they may be neither. According to their own perceptions of identity, however, the participants in this study are both, with (in most cases) a stronger bond to the Deaf ethnic group.
Identifying Areas of Competence Needed by Educational Interpreters
Authors: Taylor Carmen , Elliott Raymond N.
Published: October 2013

We developed a survey instrument for determining the competence educational interpreters are perceived to need in three areas:
skill, knowledge, and attitude by asking 71 respondents from three groups to rate 25 statements beginning, “Educational interpreters need...” The groups: interpreters in the Alabama Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf, students completing a year-long preparation program for educational interpreting, and classroom teachers using the service of an interpreter. Responses from the three groups compared showed differences, particularly regarding competence in the skill category.
A Common Conceptual Code In Bilinguals: Evidence From Simultaneous Interpretation
Authors: Isham William P. , Lane Harlan
Published: October 2013

Two prominent views of the relations between a bilingual’s language repertoires lead to different accounts of simultaneous interpretation. According to the “lexical hypothesis,” interpretation employs links between lexical equivalents in the bilingual speaker’s two lexicons. According to the “conceptual mediation hypothesis,” interpretation engages conceptual structures shared by the two lexicons. Simultaneous interpretation was compared to transliteration, which models the essential aspect of the lexical hypothesis; i.e. the process of rapid lexical lookup of translation equivalents. In an experiment using cloze completions that required either simple recall or inferences, subjects were less accurate in making inferences than in recalling information in both the interpreting and the transliterating tasks, but the difference between recall and inference was larger in the transliterating task. This interaction between task and cloze type indicates that different processes mediate interpretation and transliteration and thus weakens the lexical hypothesis as an account of simultaneous interpretation. This finding provides support to logical arguments that claim that direct links between a bilingual’s two lexicons are not sufficient to explain simultaneous interpretation.
The Properties Of South African Sign Language: Lexical Diversity & Syntactic Unity
Authors: Penn Claire , Reagan Timothy
Published: October 2013

A growing literature deals with various aspects of South African Sign Language (SASL), including works on the history, lexicography, sociolinguistics, and educational uses and implications of SASL (Landman 1990, Penn 1992a, b, 1993, Penn & Reagan 1990, Penn & Reagan 1991). Much of this literature emphasizes the degree and extent of diversity in SASL. The origins of this diversity have generally been attributed to (a) the history of deaf education in the country, (b) the segregation policies of the apartheid regime (multiple educational systems, geographic separation, and ethnic and linguistic diversity in the national population), and (c) a number of other causes (see Penn 1992b, 1993, Penn & Reagan 1990, Penn & Reagan 1991). This diversity, while of considerable interest to sign language researchers, has inevitably been assumed to raise many practical problems and concerns for those involved in education, and it has been a factor of concern to deaf people themselves as they seek greater cultural and linguistic unity. In this paper we argue that SASL is indeed marked by a high degree of lexical diversity, but there appears to be an underlying common syntactic and morphological base on which all of the different varieties are grounded. We will suggest further that this common syntactic and morphological base provides a foundation on which future educational and language policy with respect to deaf people may be developed.
Learning & Recall of Word-Sign Pairs: The Impact of Sign Etymology
Authors: Maynard Ashley E. , Slavoff Georgina R. , Bonvillian John D.
Published: October 2013

In this study we examined the effect of providing information on the etymology or origin of a sign and memory for that sign. Eightytwo subjects, undergraduate students unfamiliar with American Sign Language (ASL), were presented lists of ASL signs and their English translation equivalents in one of three experimental conditions: sign etymology supplied, sign motor rehearsal, and no coding instructions provided. Subjects were tested immediately after list presentation and again after a one-week delay for cued item recall; the ASL signs served as the cues for the English words. In immediate recall, there were only small differences across experimental conditions. In delayed recall, those subjects who received the sign etymologies remembered more sign-word pairs than the subjects in the other two conditions. Those who received the etymologies also showed smaller decrements in recall levels across the one-week delay. Apparently, learning about a sign’s origin facilitates long-term sign retention. These findings are interpreted within the framework that deeper, more distinctive, or more elaborative processing of information aids its retention.
Bimodal Communication, Signing Skill & Tenseness
Authors: Messing Lynn
Published: October 2013

Bimodal communication (BC), the introduction of individual signs into a spoken English interaction or of individual English words into a signed conversation is related both to code-switching and to simultaneous communication. To determine rate of BC use I videotaped hearing females possessing a range of signing abilities during their performances of scenarios and during the discussions they had between scenarios. Analysis of the tapes shows that varying signing ability affects signers’ BC rate. Between scenarios, there was a linear relationship between signing ability and BC rate. Within scenarios, when the subjects were self-conscious and on their best behavior, the relationship was that of an inverse ‘U’. The skilled signers adapted the amount of BC they used to the social situation. Even when limiting their BC usage, however, the advanced signers still used more BC during the scenarios than did the non-signers and the beginners.
Eyeblinks & ASL Phrase Structure
Authors: Wilbur Ronnie
Published: October 2013

The present report attempts to formulate an appropriate linguistic generalization for the occurrence of inhibited periodic eyeblinking by fluent ASL signers. There are three components to our investigation. In the first component, Observation, we take several signing sources, transcribe significant nonmanuals, and analyze where eyeblinks occur with respect to the signed signal and other nonmanuals. In the second component, Prediction, we formulate a generalization concerning the possible locations of eyeblinks and test this generalization by making predictions on a sample of signing. In the third component, Confirmation, we reconsider Baker and Padden’s observation that signers do not blink after the conditional clause before a question, provide data to the contrary, and provide a possible explanation of why they were led to the conclusion they reached. Overall, we show that signers’ eyeblinks are sensitive to syntactic structure, from which Intonational Phrases may be derived. These findings help to establish how intonational information, carried by pitch in spoken languages, can be provided in a signed language.
How is Deaf Culture?: Another Perspective on a Fundamental Concept
Authors: Turner Graham H.
Published: October 2013

The notion of culture underpins many studies of language, society, and the interrelationship of the two. The question What is Deaf culture? is a familiar one within the field. This paper considers an influential framework, proposed by Carol Padden, of observations about the culture of Deaf people; it subjects these observations to a certain amount of critical scrutiny; and, with reference to some engaging and potentially potent socio-anthropological ideas, begins to sketch out a number of implications for revision of such a framework. The bonds between Deaf people and the similarities in Deaf people’s life experiences, as described in accounts of Deaf culture, are undoubtedly important and meaningfully distinctive. This paper is not a framework for an all-new cultural model, but suggests that we have reached a point when our descriptions may be enriched—and the strength of our political impact enhanced—by adjusting our conception of culture, and by asking how notions of Deaf culture are constructed.
A Comparison of Spatial Language in English & American Sign Language
Authors: Emmorey Karen , Casey Shannon
Published: October 2013

Spatial language (how one talks about space) in English and American Sign Language (ASL) was compared by asking 10 native signers and 10 English speakers to solve a set of spatial puzzles. Subjects had to describe where to place a group of blocks so that the blocks completely filled a puzzle grid. There were no group differences between how signers and speakers solved the puzzles. However, language affected the types of spatial commands that were used to solve them. English speakers relied heavily on the grid co-ordinate labels marked on the puzzle, but ASL signers were able to use signing space to refer to puzzle positions. ASL signers also made significantly more overt references to orientation due to the ability to represent orientation directly with hand position or tracing. The semantics of English in and on was found to be different from that of ASL IN and ON. Finally, analysis of modality-specific aspects of ASL spatial language revealed phonological and morphological constraints on the use of the nondominant hand, constraints on how signing space is mapped to physical space, and a bias toward choice of ground object deriving from phonological dominance and discourse constraints. The study highlights the ramifications of a linguistic system in which space itself is used to convey spatial information compared to a linguistic system that conveys this same information via an auditory signal.
Developing a Concept of Self
Authors: Finn Gail
Published: October 2013

How does a deaf individual develop the concept of self through social interaction and in dealing with standard English at school? Although it is an abstract and complicated question to investigate, I believe that developing a positive self-concept is crucial for one’s self-esteem and well being. A deaf person, I use some of my own personal experiences and observations to answer this question, relating these experiences to sociological, psychological, and educational views of deafness. I also discuss how standard English can be learned or achieved at school.
Grammar, Order & Position of Wh-Signs in Quebec Sign Language
Authors: Bouchard Denis , Dubuisson Colette
Published: October 2013

In the quest for language universals, one of the properties that linguists generally take to be universal is that a substantial portion of the lexical items are produced sequentially by speakers; i.e. are ordered in time. There are three aspects to word order: (1) a functional aspect; order conveys information about functional grouping of words and provides some indication of how to interpret sentences; (2) an articulatory aspect; some order is required because more than one sound cannot usually be produced at a time; (3) an order aspect; linguistic theories postulate either that a language has a basic order determined by universal principles, or that there is a single universal order for all languages. On the basis of data from sign languages we argue that this third property is not universal in either of its formulations. There are other means that a language can use to indicate what elements combine functionally and in that case the language has no specific order imposing these combinations. We therefore consider that not all languages have a basic order and that only languages in which word order has an important functional role will exhibit a basic order.
A Profile of Professionals Teaching American Sign Language
Authors: Newell William J.
Published: October 2013

Data on background variables of respondents collected as part of a large scale study of American Sign Language teaching is reported here and comparisons are made between the data collected in this study in 1993 and similar data collected in 1980 by Battison and Carter. This data shows significant changes in the profile of teachers of ASL over these 14 years. Of most significance are: (1) the increase in mean age of teachers and the length of their ASL teaching experience, (2) their emphasis on teaching ASL as opposed to “sign language,” and (3) the significant shift in ratio of “deaf” to “hearing” teachers of ASL. The profile of teachers of ASL in 1993 shows them as skilled professionals who pursue their continuing professional development and have grown in sophistication as their profession has grown towards professional status more like that of other foreign language and second language teachers. Areas where further growth is needed include: (1) development of college level programs of study leading to credentialization in the field of ASL instruction specifically, (2) stronger orientation among ASL teachers to their professional organization and professional certification, and (3) recruitment of minorities into the profession.
American Sign Language Teachers: Practices & Perceptions
Authors: Newell William J.
Published: October 2013

The American Sign Language Teachers Association (ASLTA) conducted a survey of practicing teachers of ASL in 1993–94 in order to collect their perceptions about teaching practices and knowledge important to teachers of ASL. The survey was called, A Job Analysis of Teaching American Sign Language (JATASL). Background variables of respondents to this survey were presented in SLS 86 (1995:19–36). Reported here are teachers’ opinions about the skills and knowledge they consider important and that may be used in subsequent revisions to the ASLTA Evaluation & Certification System. Also discussed: the importance of conducting job analyses as part of constructing valid certification tests. ASL teachers participating in this survey rated knowledge and ability to explain the linguistic structures of ASL, proficiency in ASL and knowledge of Deaf culture and history as the most important areas overall. They view ability to explain and apply appropriate methods of teaching ASL, professional knowledge of teaching practice related to ASL and having bilingual skills in ASL and English (reading & writing) as “very important.” They view issues of technical/professional knowledge such as theories of 2nd language teaching/learning, approaches to conflict resolution in the classroom, and knowledge of adult learning theory as “moderately important.” They rated issues related to the general field of education, understanding curriculum theory, ability to use instructional technology, and knowledge of philosophies of education, “of little importance.”
Proactive Interference & Language Change in Hearing Adult Students of American Sign Language
Authors: Hoemann Harry W. , Keske Catherine M.
Published: October 2013

College students enrolled in their first course in American Sign Language (ASL) recalled sets of stimuli from the same semantic category (animals) for four successive trials. An interpolated task prevented rehearsal. Subjects in two control groups had four trials in the same language, English or ASL. Proactive interference (PI) built up rapidly across trials. Subjects in two experimental groups were switched to the alternative language on the last trial. Both experimental groups experienced a strong, symmetrical release from PI, supporting the hypothesis that signed and spoken languages are stored separately in human memory. A unique feature of the study was that the subjects were just beginning to learn ASL as a second language. strong release from Pl in novice language learners is at variance with previous research that found a strong release from PI only in bilingual subjects equally fluent in two spoken languages. The possibility is dicussed that a modest release from PI may result when subjects less fluent in one of the languages are switched to their weaker language on the last trial.
Everything Old is New Again: Observations from the Nineteenth Century about Sign Communication Training with Mentally Retarded Children
Authors: Bonvillian John D. , Miller Amanda J.
Published: October 2013

Contemporary reviews of sign communication training programs for mentally retarded children indicate that such programs are of recent origin. Examination of an 1847 report by W. R. Scott, however, reveals that sign communication training with mentally retarded children was used successfully during the last century. The children in Scott’s report were described as acquiring signs and demonstrating improvement in their personal and social behavior. These findings are similar to those reported in recent research. It is not clear why this promising approach was not more widely adopted, although biases last century against sign language and negative characterizations of mentally retarded children probably contributed to its disappearance. The efficacy of sign communication training was to be re-discovered more than a century after Scott’s report.
Visible Thought: Deaf Children’s Use of Signed & Spoken Private Speech
Authors: Jamieson Janet R.
Published: October 2013

This study examines deaf children’s use of private speech from a Vygotskian perspective. In this framework private speech is speech that is spoken aloud (or by a deaf child is visibly performed) but is addressed to no one in particular. Children from two matched groups-hearing mother-deaf child and Deaf motherdeaf child-were videotaped while attempting to assemble a construction toy. Both groups of children showed clear evidence of use of private speech, although the children with Deaf mothers used a signed form, a greater frequency, and more mature subtype of private speech, in comparison to the spoken form used by the other children. Findings are consistent with Vygotsky’s notion of the robustness of the phenomenon of private speech and its ontogenesis in early social communication.
Hand Preference in Young Deaf Children of Hearing Parents
Authors: Seal Brenda C. , Bonvillian John D.
Published: October 2013

The videotape records of 20 young deaf children of hearing parents were examined for hand preference during the children’s production of signs and non-sign actions. When the study began, the children ranged in age from 2 to 5 years. The children were videotaped over a period of several months. Analyses of the videotape records revealed that the large majority of the children showed a distinct preference for their right hands in their signing. This right-hand preference for signing was much stronger than the children’s preference for their right hands in their production of non-sign actions. Moreover, the children’s right-hand preference for signing was evident in their first videotaped session and con-tinued throughout subsequent sessions. Signing hand preference was not significantly related to how long the children had been signing. These results are interpreted as reflecting a fundamental hem-ispheric asymmetry for language or complex motor processes.
Modern Standard Thai Sign Language, Influence from ASL, and its Relationship to Original Thai Sign Varieties
Authors: Woodward James
Published: October 2013

It is known that vocabulary from North American Sign Language (ASL) was introduced into Thailand in the 1950’s and that ASL vocabulary has influenced varieties of Modern Standard Thai Sign Language (MSTSL) used in urban areas. To date, however, no one has attempted a systematic study of the extent of this influence or of the relationship of MSTSL to sign language varieties existing in Thailand prior to ASL influence. This paper reports the results of using techniques of historical-comparative linguistics to determine (a) the extent to which ASL has influenced basic vocabulary in MSTSL; and (b) the relationship of MSTSL to sign language varieties used in Thailand prior to ASL influence. Comparisons were made of published vocabulary data and also of videotaped signing of younger Bangkok signers and of older signers from Bangkok and Chiangmai.
Potential Barriers to Implementing a Bilingual/Bicultural Program for Deaf Children
Authors: Rinne Mary Glenn
Published: October 2013

Educational programs for deaf children in the United States continue to turn out functionally illiterate high school graduates. One effort to reform this situation is the use of American Sign Language (ASL) as the language of instruction in a bilingual/bicultural educational program. As such programs are being implemented it would be well to look at what may help and what may hinder their success. The present study investigates, at two mid-Atlantic residential schools for deaf children, possible barriers to the implementation of an ASL/English program, and seeks to determine some perspectives within the field of Deaf Education on the value and use of ASL and English for instruction.
Sign & Speech
Authors: Stokoe William C.
Published: October 2013

The Gestural Theory of Language Origin takes on more validity when two points are considered: (1) the relation of sounds or sound patterns to meanings, things, actions, and relationships is by no means natural and given but rests on arbitrary convention; and (2) the existence of gesturally represented patterns with the structure of simple sentences would have naturally let vocalizations habitually performed at the same time as these patterns become associated with the meanings of the gestural representations as well.
To Paris and Back: Violeta Parra's Transnational Performance of Authenticity
Authors: Verba Ericka Kim
Published: October 2013

In 1964, at what was surely the acme of her career, Violeta Parra became the first Latin American to have a solo show at the Louvre. During the five-odd weeks that her artwork was on display, Parra was at the museum every day. She chatted with visitors, put finishing touches on her tapestries, sang songs, played her guitar, served empanadas, and turned the exposition hall into a veritable Chilean ramada. The exhibit received favorable reviews in the press, and was visited by important dignitaries and a who's who of the Parisian and expatriate Latin American artistic community. Parra sold several of her tapestries, including one to the Baroness Rothschild. By all accounts, the show was a great success.
Francis Alive and Aloft: Franciscan Apocalypticism in the Colonial Andes
Authors: Lara Jaime
Published: October 2013

The seventeenth century opened with a bang, literally. In the year 1600, on the first Friday in the season of Lent, sometime between noon and 3:00 PM (that is, at the hour of the accustomed Lenten penitential processions), the Peruvian volcano of Huaynapudna began a protracted series of explosions and eruptions. It was the largest recorded volcanic eruption in the Western Hemisphere, greater by far than that of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE, or Mount St. Helens in 1980, and only slightly smaller than the colossal eruption of Krakatoa, Indonesia, in 1883. The event sent both Christian Spaniards and neo-Christian Indians searching for answers to apocalyptic questions. On that same Friday, February 18, 1600, several other violent earthquakes leveled buildings nearby.
Nahua Intellectuals, Franciscan Scholars, and the Devotio Moderna in Colonial Mexico
Authors: Tavárez David
Published: October 2013

In 1570, the Franciscan friar Jerónimo de Mendieta bestowed a rare gift on Juan de Ovando, then president of the Council of Indies. Mendieta placed in Ovando's hands a small manuscript volume in superb Gothic script with illuminated initials and color illustrations, one of several important manuscripts he had brought to Spain for various prominent recipients. Were it not for its contents, one could have thought it a meticulous version of a breviary or a book of hours, but its contents were unprecedented. This tome contained a scholarly Nahuatl translation of the most popular devotional work in Western Europe in the previous century. It was Thomas à Kempis's Imitation of Christ, which caught Iberian Christians under its spell between the 1460s and the early sixteenth century by means of multiple Latin editions and translations into Portuguese, Catalan, and Spanish, including a version in aljamiado (Spanish in Arabic characters). Indeed, a decisive turning point in the Iberian reception of this work had taken place three decades earlier, through the 1536 publication of Juan de Ávila's influential Spanish-language adaptation.
Living Between Empires: Diplomacy and Politics in the Late Eighteenth-Century Mosquitia
Authors: Williams Caroline A.
Published: October 2013

In June 1787, Lieutenant Colonel Gabriel de Hervías, on behalf of the Spanish crown, took possession from Major James Lawrie of the small British settlement of Black River (Río Tinto), marking the formal end of three decades of diplomatic wrangling over the existence of the British Superintendency over the Mosquito Shore (1748 to 1787). Within three years of Lawrie's departure, along with that of 537 British settlers and 1,677 slaves, the narrow stretch of territory extending along the Atlantic coasts of Honduras and Nicaragua and known to the Spanish as costa de mosquitos was engulfed in violent conflicts between leaders of the Miskitu peoples and their followers. The first outbreak of intra-Miskitu hostilities pitted the Indian governor Colville Briton against other prominent chiefs, including his nephew Admiral Alparis Dilson; a second pitted Admiral Dilson and his brother Major Hewlett against the Afro-Indian or “Zambo” King George II. By the time the conflicts had come to an end, both Briton and Dilson had been executed, Hewlett had escaped the region for the safety of the Panamanian coast, and George had asserted his ascendancy over rival chiefs and their people.
"Contributing to Most Things": Richard Marsh, Literary Production, and the Fin de Siècle Periodicals Market
Authors: Vuohelainen Minna
Published: October 2013

Franco Moretti has recently called for a "distant reading" which "focus[es] on units that are much smaller or much larger than the text: devices, themes, tropes—or genres and systems." For Moretti, such a reading involves a "process of deliberate reduction and abstraction," which produces "artificial constructs—graphs, maps, trees" and results in " a specific form of knowledge " quite different from "traditional" close readings of canonical literature. This article builds on Moretti's work, offering a statistical case study of the professional practice—production rates, generic choices, and writing patterns—of the bestselling popular author "Richard Marsh" (1857-1915). While the resulting graphs indicate patterns and trends in the career of one professional writer, their abstract nature also suggests ways in which we might approach the work of other authors, indeed, authorship itself, through statistical analysis.
"Who are we to judge?": Issues of Identity and Cultural Authority in Late Victorian Metacritical Debate
Authors: Wilbers Usha
Published: October 2013

In the late nineteenth century, the authority of literary critics was threatened by both internal factors—what Leslie Stephen called a "crisis in aesthetic criticism"—and by external factors, such as the cultural democratisation and emancipation of the general reading public. This article discusses a selection of metacritical essays by a group of relatively marginal men and women of letters, whose essays, despite lacking the status of Arnold's or Saintsbury's, nonetheless shed light on the ideology and practice of Victorian criticism and reveal how critics struggled with their identity due to the lack of professionalization.
"One of the bright objects that solace us in these regions": Labour, Leisure, and the Arctic Shipboard Periodical, 1820-1852
Authors: Elce Erika Behrisch
Published: October 2013

This article examines three shipboard periodicals from nineteenth-century admiralty-funded polar expeditions and argues that through these texts, explorers—from able seamen to admirals—validated the English presence in the Arctic as effectively as the imposition of English names on the polar map. Officially sanctioned by the admiralty, however, these publications also performed a more subtle, but no less important, function: while submissions were anonymous and open to all members of the crew, material was carefully vetted by officer-editors, and, in delivering to their readers a carefully constructed cheerfulness, the papers helped maintain shipboard discipline by placing even sailors' leisure activities—writing and reading—under admiralty control.
2011 Michael Wolff Lecture: An Uncommercial Proposition?: At Work on Household Words and All the Year Round
Authors: Drew John
Published: October 2013

Taking its cue from the "work and leisure" dialectic which formed the principal theme for the 2011 annual RSVP conference, the essay examines how the business of conducting two successful mid-century magazines, Household Words and All the Year Round , enabled founding editor Charles Dickens to employ narrative strategies emphasising idleness, relaxation, and an "uncommercial" approach to national affairs. The various methods adopted by the editorial team to unify the contents of what might otherwise have remained a directionless miscellany are explored, drawing on the author's experience of re-presenting the same material in the recentlyreleased open access edition, Dickens Journals Online .
Evaluation of antiulcerogenic potential of antioxidant α-tocopherol in pylorus-ligated albino rats
Authors: Huilgol Shobha V. , Kumar V. Hemanth
Published: October 2013

Background: Oxidative free radicals and lipid peroxidation mediate gastric injury. α-Tocopherol is a redox agent with biological and antioxidant property, hence, may provide ulcer protection.

Methods: Pylorus-ligated Shay rats (n=6) were used as the experimental gastric ulcer animal model. The rats were divided into three groups. Group I received saline (5 mL/kg), Group II α-tocopherol (12.5 mg/kg), and Group III omeprazole (3.6 mg/kg), orally daily for 5 days prior to ulcerogenic challenge. Nineteen hours after the challenge, the rats were sacrificed and their stomachs isolated and studied for degree of gastric injury. Formed gastric juice was collected for measurement of volume, titrimetric estimation of free and total acidity, and total acid output by the conventional methods. The ulcer index and total acid outputs were calculated.

Results: α-Tocopherol exerted significant (p<0.05) antiulcer activity (the ulcer index was reduced to 7.4±1.0 from the control value of 19.8±4.1). α-Tocopherol also significantly reduced free and total acidity, gastric juice volume, and total acid output (p<0.01). The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Scheffe’s multiple comparison test.

Conclusions: The study demonstrates that α-tocopherol has significant antiulcer activity. It, perhaps, acts by decreasing hydrochloric acid output.
Arrhythmogenesis after acute myocardial necrosis with and without preceding ischemia in rats
Authors: Kolettis Theofilos M. , Kontonika Marianthi , Valenti Mesele-Christina , Vilaeti Agapi D. , Baltogiannis Giannis G. , Papalois Apostolos , Kyriakides Zenon S.
Published: October 2013

Background: The relative role of acute myocardial ischemia and infarction in ventricular arrhythmogenesis is incompletely understood. We compared the arrhythmia pattern after ischemia/infarction to that observed after direct myocardial necrosis without preceding ischemia in rats.

Methods: Coagulation necrosis was induced in Wistar rats (n=20, 280±3 g) by radiofrequency current application (for 15 s) from a 4-mm-tip ablation catheter. Myocardial infarction was induced by coronary artery ligation with (n=10) or without (n=10) reperfusion. Using 24-h telemetry recording, we examined ventricular arrhythmias, voluntary motor activity and indices of sympathetic activation.

Results: The coagulation-necrosis volume was 24.4%±0.6%, comparable to the infarct size in the absence of reperfusion. Acute left ventricular failure and sympathetic activation were similar in the three groups. Coagulation necrosis induced ventricular fibrillation immediately, followed by a second peak after ∼1 h. Reperfusion decreased ventricular arrhythmias, whereas a second arrhythmogenic period (between the third and the eight hour) was noted in non-reperfused infarcts (mainly monomorphic ventricular tachycardia).

Conclusions: Distinct arrhythmia patterns occur after myocardial infarction (with or without reperfusion) and after direct necrosis. They are not produced by differences in sympathetic activation and are likely related to the evolution of myocardial injury. The necrosis rat model may be useful in studies of arrhythmogenesis.
Inventories, business cycles, and variable capital utilization
Authors: Engelhardt Lucas M.
Published: October 2013

Bils and Kahn [Bils, M., and J. A. Kahn. 2000. “What Inventory Behavior Tells us about Business Cycles.”
Afinal, para que servem as condicionalidades em educação do Programa Bolsa Família?
Authors: Pires André
Published: October 2013

Esse artigo objetiva refletir sobre estratégias de enfrentamento da pobreza a partir da exigência de frequência escolar mínima presente no desenho do programa de transferência de renda condicionada do governo federal Bolsa Família. Num primeiro momento, são apresentadas algumas considerações, fundamentadas em trabalhos científicos, que problematizam a efetividade das condicionalidades em educação presentes no Programa Bolsa Família (PBF). Na sequência, apresento resultados de pesquisa desenvolvida entre 2008 e 2010 que entrevistou vinte e duas pessoas participantes do PBF e cujo objetivo foi compreender a visão dos próprios beneficiários em relação a esta política de transferência de renda. Os resultados dessa investigação levaram-me a considerar que as condicionalidades do PBF podem ser vistas como instauradoras de uma relação de troca e reciprocidade entre os beneficiários dessa política e o Estado. Pensado nesses termos, proponho neste artigo que as discussões sobre as condicionalidades em educação do PBF devem ser pensadas numa perspectiva ampliada, não se restringindo somente aos seus efeitos práticos em termos de frequência escolar ou ganhos de escolaridade, mas também aos seus efeitos simbólicos, notadamente, o fortalecimento dos sentimentos de pertencimento e reconhecimento sociais por parte das entrevistadas gerados pelo cumprimento das condicionalidades em educação.
Currículo e gestão: propondo uma parceria
Authors: Moreira Antonio Flavio Barbosa
Published: October 2013

Muitas escolas têm deixado de ensinar aos alunos o que pode vir a ser necessário em um futuro incerto. Para oferecer os conhecimentos, habilidades e valores indispensáveis para viver no mundo de hoje, a escola deve ser repensada e renovada. A bem-sucedida experiência finlandesa em educação pode ser útil para nos incentivar a sonhar com uma escola de qualidade, a envidar esforços para construí-la, a lidar criticamente com as experiências estrangeiras, a respeitar e valorizar o professor e a criar um clima livre de ameaças nas escolas e nas salas de aula. Na negociação dessa qualidade, o currículo pode ser elemento central. Há que se discuti-lo, levando em conta, principalmente, a cultura em que se insere e o conhecimento escolar. Nesse processo, é essencial a cooperação na escola, com a promoção de diálogos entre escola e secretaria de educação e entre os diferentes profissionais que atuam na instituição escolar.
Os cursos de Pedagogia da Universidade Estadual Paulista e a Educação Inclusiva
Authors: Fonseca-Janes Cristiane Regina Xavier , Omote Sadao
Published: October 2013

A educação inclusiva é tida como uma educação de qualidade que deve ser oferecida pelo sistema educacional a todas as crianças, jovens e adultos. Para a efetivação de tal proposta, dentre várias necessidades, precisamos de recursos humanos qualificados para o enfrentamento desse desafio. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as matrizes curriculares dos cursos de Pedagogia da Universidade Estadual Paulista para a formação em uma perspectiva inclusiva. Para isto, foram analisados os projetos político-pedagógicos dos seis cursos de Pedagogia, as Resoluções da UNESP que os regulamentam e trechos de entrevistas realizadas com os coordenadores dos respectivos cursos. Para análise das matrizes, as disciplinas obrigatórias foram distribuídas em um quadro com as seguintes categorias: 1) disciplinas específicas relacionadas com a Educação Inclusiva, 2) carga horária das disciplinas relacionadas com a Educação Inclusiva, 3) disciplinas específicas relacionadas com a Educação Especial e 4) carga horária das disciplinas relacionadas com a Educação Especial. Dos seis cursos de Pedagogia da UNESP, cinco possuem disciplinas voltadas para a questão da Educação Inclusiva, com as mais diversificadas cargas horárias, e quatro possuem disciplinas voltadas para questões específicas da Educação Especial.
Desempenho de crianças com e sem necessidades especiais em provas assistidas e psicométricas
Authors: Queiroz Odoisa Antunes de , Enumo Sônia Regina Fiorim , Primi Ricardo
Published: October 2013

Provas cognitivas assistidas, que incluem auxílio do examinador, analisam o processo de resolução de problemas e o potencial de aprendizagem, complementando a avaliação psicométrica tradicional. São úteis especialmente para casos de necessidades educativas especiais (NEE). Este estudo analisou relações entre o desempenho de crianças, com e sem necessidades de educação especial (NEE), em três provas assistidas e duas psicométricas, entre o perfil de desempenho nas provas assistidas e variáveis de status (gênero, escolaridade e NEE). Foram analisados 256 resultados de provas assistidas e 228 psicométricas, obtidos em seis pesquisas, com 228 crianças (125 meninas), com 5-12 anos (M = 8 anos e 6 meses), cursando da Educação Infantil ao Ensino Fundamental (três em classe especial) e apresentando: dificuldade de aprendizagem (63), deficiência visual (6), nascidas prematuras e com baixo peso (38), prematuras e com muito baixo peso (30) e sem NEE (91); nas provas psicométricas, as classificações no Columbia-EMC (69 aplicações) concentraram-se em Média-Inferior (40,5%) e Média (33,3%) e no Raven-MPC (159 aplicações), nas faixas Intelectualmente na Média (45,2%) e Definidamente Acima da Média (23,9%). Quanto às provas assistidas (256 aplicações) - Jogos de Perguntas de Busca com Figuras Geométricas (154 aplicações) e com Figuras Diversas (34 aplicações) e Children's Analogical Thinking Modifiability Test (68 aplicações) predominou o perfil Ganhador (55,8%), seguido do perfil Ganhador Dependente da Assistência (16,8%), Não Mantenedor (14%) e Alto Escore (13,3%). Não houve associações significativas entre o desempenho nas provas assistidas e psicométricas, confirmando-se a proposição de complementaridade dessas metodologias avaliativas, especialmente para crianças com problemas no desenvolvimento.
A dengue nos livros didáticos de ciências e biologia indicados pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático
Authors: Assis Sheila Soares de , Pimenta Denise Nacif , Schall Virgínia Torres
Published: October 2013

A dengue constitui um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil. As Diretrizes Nacionais de Prevenção e Controle das Epidemias de Dengue preconizam que ações de educação em saúde associadas ao tema dengue sejam contempladas, no espaço escolar, na grade curricular das disciplinas. No ensino formal, o livro didático se caracteriza como um dos principais recursos para a prática docente e disseminação de conhecimentos científicos. Assim, analisou-se a temática da dengue nos livros didáticos de ciências e biologia, indicados pelos Programa Nacional do Livro Didático para o Ensino Médio (PNLEM/2009) e Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD/2008 e 2011), respectivamente. O tema esteve presente em quarenta livros didáticos dos 114 indicados pelo PNLD (2008 e 2011) e PNLEM (2009). Verificaram-se erros conceituais, emprego de ilustrações inadequadas e descontextualização sociocultural do conteúdo. Estes fatores limitam a utilização deste instrumento colaborativo para as ações desencadeadas no ambiente escolar com vistas ao controle da dengue.
Prática docente em educação sexual em uma escola pública de Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brasil
Authors: Quirino Glauberto da Silva , Rocha João Batista Teixeira da
Published: October 2013

Estudo etnográfico com base na observação participante e entrevista semiestruturada, que objetivou descrever o trabalho de educação sexual dos/as professores/as, e apreender os valores e as atitudes destes/as em relação à sexualidade de adolescentes no espaço escolar. O trabalho de campo foi desenvolvido em uma escola de Ensino Fundamental e Médio estadual da cidade de Juazeiro do Norte-CE, no período de setembro de 2009 a fevereiro de 2010. Constatou-se que, mesmo sendo o assunto suscitado por parte dos/as estudantes, sempre os/as professores/as se omitiram em realizar qualquer intervenção. Observou-se a presença de valores morais e pessoais na condução das práticas educativas, atitudes de silenciamento em relação ao preconceito a homossexuais e a perda da virgindade, assim como manutenção das desigualdades de gênero. Os dados apontam as fragilidades das ações pedagógicas e a necessidade de mudança de paradigma do processo ensino/aprendizagem.
Quem somos nós?: perfil da comunidade acadêmica brasileira na educação em astronomia
Authors: Longhini Marcos Daniel , Gomide Hanny Angeles , Fernandes Telma Cristina Dias
Published: October 2013

Este artigo tem como objetivo elucidar qual o perfil da comunidade acadêmica brasileira que atuou ou ainda atua na Educação em Astronomia. Apresenta um breve retrospecto histórico que revela como a Astronomia vem ganhando terreno no cenário nacional e, neste bojo, os trabalhos voltados para o campo da Educação em Astronomia. Os dados foram obtidos por meio dos currículos da Plataforma Lattes, dos pesquisadores envolvidos com Astronomia, e revelaram que, dos 1072 envolvidos, 187 desenvolvem atividades nesse campo. Destes, a formação acadêmica ocorreu, prioritariamente, na região Sudeste e, nesta mesma região, atuam, sobretudo, em universidades. Há prevalência de graduados em Física, com pós-graduação em Física e Astronomia, especialmente quando atuam na divulgação científica, e predominância de doutores em Educação, no campo da pesquisa e produção bibliográfica em Educação em Astronomia.
Physical Assault Victimization and Coping Among Adults in Residential Substance Use Disorder Treatment
Authors: Bonar Erin E. , Bohnert Amy S. B. , Ilgen Mark A. , Sanborn Michelle L. , Chermack Stephen T.
Published: October 2013

Many individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) have been victims of violence and individuals with SUDs often exhibit coping skills deficits. The extent to which coping skills relate to victimization is unknown. This study evaluated the relationships between physical assault victimization types (i.e., only partner victimization, only nonpartner victimization, or both partner and nonpartner victimization) and emotion-focused, problem-focused, and avoidant coping among individuals in residential SUD treatment. More frequent use of problem-focused coping was associated with reduced odds of being victimized by partners and nonpartners and more frequent use of avoidant coping was associated with increased odds of victimization across both partners and nonpartners. These results highlight the potential value of assessing violence across relationship types and bolstering adaptive coping among individuals with SUDs.
Inhibiting and Facilitating Factors to End a Violent Relationship: Patterns of Behavior Among Women in Spain
Authors: Ruiz-Pérez Isabel , Rodriguez-Madrid Nieves , Plazaola-Castaño Juncal , Montero-Piñar Isabel , Escribà-Agüir Vicenta , Márquez-Herrera Nayra , Sanz-Peregrín Carlos , Nevot-Cordero Adela
Published: October 2013

The objective of this study are (a) to explore the factors, which facilitate or inhibit women’s responses to intimate partner violence (IPV) and their ability to leave a violent relationship; (b) to identify patterns of behavior in abused women based on their perception of the violence and the actions they take to find help or a solution to the problems derived from IPV. Semistructured interviews were carried out. The critical path is defined as the sequence of decisions and actions taken by affected women to address the violence they experienced. Based on this concept, we identified several factors that affect women’s responses to violence, and categorized them into inhibiting and facilitating factors. We also identified three patterns of behavior: the first one is theoretically as the ideal critical path, whereas in the third pattern the process is less like the ideal critical path.
Is gravitational mass of a composite quantum body equivalent to its energy?
Authors: Lebed Andrei
Published: October 2013

We define passive gravitational mass operator of a hydrogen atom in the post-Newtonian approximation of general relativity and show that it does not commute with energy operator, taken in the absence of gravitational field. Nevertheless, the equivalence between the expectation values of passive gravitational mass and energy is shown to survive for stationary quantum states. Inequivalence between passive gravitational mass and energy at a macroscopic level results in time dependent oscillations of the expectation values of passive gravitational mass for superpositions of stationary quantum states, where the equivalence restores after averaging over time. Inequivalence between gravitational mass and energy at a microscopic level reveals itself as unusual electromagnetic radiation, emitted by the atoms, supported and moved in the Earth gravitational field with constant velocity using spacecraft or satellite, which can be experimentally measured.
A Study on Treatment Compliance among Methadone Clients in MMTP Program TUTH, Nepal
Authors: Dangol Kabin Man , Chapagain Manisha , Tulachan Pratikchya
Published: October 2013

Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol. 2, No.2 Issue 4 May-October 2013 Page 50-56 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v2i2.8806
Postnatal Care Service Utilization among Mothers in Eastern Region of Nepal
Authors: Paudel Ishwari Sharma , Bhattarai Sailesh , Rayamajhi Rajan Bikram , Parajuli Surya Bahadur , Pokharel Paras Kumar
Published: October 2013

Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol. 2, No.2 Issue 4 May-October 2013 Page 62-67 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v2i2.8808
Indications of Exploratory Laparotomy in Tertiary Care Centre of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Subedi Shanti , Banerjee Bashudev , Sharma Anjana
Published: October 2013

Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol. 2, No.2 Issue 4 May-October 2013 Page 74-78 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v2i2.8811