bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful transplant of mesenchymal stem cells in induced osteonecrosis of the ovine femoral head: preliminary results
Authors: Feitosa Matheus Levi Tajra , Fadel Leandro , Beltrão-Braga Patrícia Cristina Baleeiro , Wenceslau Cristiane Valverde , Kerkis Irina , Kerkis Alexandre , Birgel Júnior Eduardo Harry , Martins João Flávio Panattoni , Martins Daniele dos Santos , Miglino Maria Angélica , Ambrósio Carlos Eduardo
Published: September 2010

PURPOSE: Evaluate the bone tissue recovery following transplantation of ovine mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from bone marrow and human immature dental-pulp stem cells (hIDPSC) in ovine model of induced osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH). METHODS: Eight sheep were divided in three experimental groups. First group was composed by four animals with ONFH induced by ethanol through central decompression (CD), for control group without any treatment. The second and third group were compose by two animals, six weeks after ONFH induction received transplantation of heterologous ovine MSC (CD + oMSC), and hIDPSC (CD + hIDPSC), respectively. In both experiments the cells were transplanted without application of any type of immunosupression protocol. RESULTS: Our data indicate that both cell types used in experiments were able to proliferate within injured site providing bone tissue recovery. The histological results obtained from CD+hIDPSC suggested that the bone regeneration in such animals was better than that observed in CD animals. CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal stem cell transplant in induced ovine osteonecrosis of femoral head by central decompression technique is safe, and apparently favors bone regeneration of damaged tissues.
Comparative study between two techniques of incisional hernia repair with polypropylene mesh in rabbits
Authors: Minossi José Guilherme , Caramori Carlos Antonio , Leite Celso Vieira de Souza , Naresse Luiz Eduardo
Published: September 2010

PURPOSE: To compare two different incisional hernia repair techniques (repair with a polypropylene mesh reinforcement on the peritonium-aponeurosis versus polypropylene mesh sutured to the borders of the hernial ring as a bridge) in rabbits. METHODS: Incisional hernia was experimentally developed through a 4-cm median incision in 60 rabbits. After 30 days, half of the animals were operated for primary wall closure and placement of a polypropylene mesh reinforcement, while the other half had a polypropylene mesh sutured to the borders of the hernial ring as a bridge. Clinical development, scar breaking strength, as well as gross, microscopic and morphometric parameters were evaluated in all animals 30, 60, and 90 days after repair. RESULTS: No significant differences in breaking strength or histological parameters were observed between groups at any time point studied. No statistical difference regarding complications was detected, although denser and firmer adhesions to the abdominal wall were seen after the mesh was placed as a " bridge" . CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences between the incisional hernia repair techniques assessed were observed regarding breaking strength, and histological and morphometric parameters. The number of complications was similar in both study groups. However, adhesion of abdominal cavity organs to the scar area was much denser after the placement of a mesh to bridge the defect.
Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats as an experimental model of brain ischemia
Authors: Calloni Renato Luis , Winkler Bruno Costamilam , Ricci Guilherme , Poletto Marcos Giacomelli , Homero Wagner Martins , Serafini Eduardo Pretto , Corleta Oly Campos
Published: September 2010

PURPOSE: To assess a rat model of cerebral ischemia induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and its effect on the area of cerebral infarction. METHODS: Brain ischemia was induced in 52 male Wistar rats by introduction of a 3-0 nylon suture into the middle cerebral artery for either 90 (n=28) or 120 (n=24) minutes. Ischemic injury volume was determined by TTC staining, digital photography and analysis with the Image J software. Statistical analysis employed Student’s t test and the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The groups were similar in terms of weight (p=0.59). The length of thread inserted was 14.7 mm in the 90 min group and 20.2 mm in the 120 min group (p=0.37). Ischemic injury was detected in 11 animals (39%) after 90 min and 11 (45%) after 120 min (p=0.77). In animals exhibiting injury, filament length was 16.1±11 mm (90 min) vs. 21.9±7.4 mm (120 min) (p=0.15). The mean infarction zone volume was greater after 120 (259.2 mm³) than after 90 min (162.9 mm³) (p=0.04). The neurological deficit score for the 90 and 120 min groups was 2.0 and 2.4, respectively (p=0.84). CONCLUSION: The experimental model induced significant ischemic cerebral injury in both groups.
Differential diagnosis in primary and metastatic cutaneous melanoma by FT-Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Oliveira Andrea Fernandes de , Santos Ivan Dunshee de Abranches Oliveira , Cartaxo Sidney Bandeira , Bitar Renata Andrade , Enokihara Mílvia Maria Simões e Silva , Martinho Herculano da Silva , Martin Airton Abrahão , Ferreira Lydia Masako
Published: September 2010

PURPOSE: To qualify the FT-Raman spectral data of primary and metastatic cutaneous melanoma in order to obtain a differential diagnosis. METHODS: Ten normal human skin samples without any clinical or histopathological alterations, ten cutaneous melanoma fragments, and nine lymph node metastasis samples were used; 105, 140 and 126 spectra were obtained respectively. Each sample was divided into 2 or 3 fragments of approximately 2 mm³ and positioned in the Raman spectrometer sample holder in order to obtain the spectra; a monochrome laser light Nd:YAG at 1064 nm was used to excite the inelastic effect. RESULTS: To differentiate the three histopathological groups according to their characteristics extracted from the spectra, data discriminative analysis was undertaken. Phenylalanine, DNA, and Amide-I spectral variables stood out in the differentiation of the three groups. The percentages of correctly classified groups based on Phenylalanine, DNA, and Amide-I spectral features was 93.1%. CONCLUSION: FT-Raman spectroscopy is capable of differentiating melanoma from its metastasis, as well as from normal skin.
Capsaicin on the viability of random-pattern skin flaps in rats
Authors: Godoy Gustavo Roberto de , Liebano Richard Eloin , Corrêa Juliana Barbosa , Hochman Bernardo , Ferreira Lydia Masako
Published: September 2010

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of capsaicin on the viability of ischemic random-pattern skin flaps in rats. METHODS:Forty EPM1-Wistar rats were randomized into two groups of 20 animals each, the capsaicin group and the control group. A random-pattern skin flap measuring 10 x 4cm was raised and a plastic barrier was placed between the flap and the donor site. After the surgical procedure, the control group was treated with an inert vehicle in the form of a cream applied uniformly to a rayon bandage which, in turn, was applied to the surface of the skin flap. The capsaicin group was treated in the same way, but in this case capsaicin was added to the cream. This procedure was repeated for two consecutive days. RESULTS: There was a significantly smaller amount of flap necrosis in the capsaicin group (35.07%) than in the control group (44.75%) (p=0.035). CONCLUSION:Topical administration of capsaicin improved the viability of ischemic random-pattern skin flaps in rats.
Chemical and morphological analysis of kidney stones: a double-blind comparative study
Authors: Silva Silvia Fernandes Ribeiro da , Matos Djamile Cordeiro de , Silva Sônia Leite da , Daher Elizabeth De Francesco , Campos Henry de Holanda , Silva Carlos Antonio Bruno da
Published: September 2010

PURPOSE: To compare chemical to morphological kidney stone composition analysis based on a sample of 50 stones retrieved from patients at a nephrology service. METHODS: The chemical analysis was performed with a Bioclin® kit, while a 10-mm magnifying glass (10x; Prolabo, Paris, France) was employed in the morphological analysis. Findings obtained with the two methods were compared and classified as concordant (100% agreement), partly concordant (concordant for major components, discordant for minor components) or discordant (discordant for major components). RESULTS: In the chemical analysis, the most commonly observed major component was calcium (70%), followed by oxalate (66%), ammonium (56%), urate (28%) and carbonate (24%). In the morphological analysis, the most commonly observed major components were calcium phosphate and magnesium (32% each), followed by calcium oxalate monohydrate (24%), uric acid and urates (20% each), calcium oxalate dihydrate (18%) and cystine (6%). Infectious kidney stones were identified in 34% and 24% of cases by morphological and chemical analysis, respectively. Thirty-eight percent of the samples were classified as concordant, 52% were partly concordant and 10% were discordant. CONCLUSION: We suggest kidney stones be routinely submitted to both types of analysis for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in lithogenesis.
Parenteral nutrition versus enteral nutrition in severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Vieira Josiel Paiva , Araújo Gutemberg Fernandes de , Azevedo José Raimundo Araújo de , Goldenberg Alberto , Linhares Marcelo Moura
Published: September 2010

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of parenteral versus enteral nutritional support in severe acute pancreatitis, with respect to efficacy, safety, morbidity, mortality and length of hospitalization. METHODS: The study was comprised of 31 patients, divided into a parenteral group (n=16) and an enteral group (n=15), who met severity criteria for abdominal tomography (Balthazar classes C, D, and E). The patients were compared by demographics, disease etiology, antibiotic prophylaxis, use or not of somatostatin, nutritional support, complications and disease progression. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in the average duration of nutritional support, somatostatin, or antibiotics in the two groups. Imipenem was the drug of choice for prophylaxis of pancreatic infections in both groups. More complications occurred in the parenteral group, although the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.10). Infectious complications, such as catheter sepsis and infections of the pancreatic tissue, were significantly more frequent in the parenteral group (p=0.006). There was no difference in average length of hospitalization in the two groups. There were three deaths in the parenteral group and none in the enteral group. CONCLUSION: Enteral nutritional support is associated with fewer septic complications compared to parenteral nutritional support.
Profile of wound healing process induced by allantoin
Authors: Araújo Lorena Ulhôa , Grabe-Guimarães Andrea , Mosqueira Vanessa Carla Furtado , Carneiro Claudia Martins , Silva-Barcellos Neila Márcia
Published: September 2010

PURPOSE: To evaluate and characterize the wound healing process profile induced by allantoin incorporated in soft lotion oil/water emulsion using the planimetric and histological methods. METHODS: Female Wistar rats (n=60) were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups: (C) control group-without treatment; (E) group treated with soft lotion O/W emulsion excipients; (EA) group treated with soft lotion O/W emulsion containing allantoin 5%. The emulsions either containing or not allantoin were topically administered for 14 days and the wound area was evaluated by planimetry and by qualitative and quantitative histological analysis of open wound model. RESULTS: The data which were obtained and analyzed innovate by demonstrating, qualitatively and quantitatively, by histological analysis, the profile of healing process induced by allantoin. The results suggest that the wound healing mechanism induced by allantoin occurs via the regulation of inflammatory response and stimulus to fibroblastic proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis. CONCLUSION: This work show, for the first time, the histological wound healing profile induced by allantoin in rats and demonstrated that it is able to ameliorate and fasten the reestablishment of the normal skin.
Controlador vetorial neural para mesa de coordenadas XY
Authors: Menezes Filho José Bezerra de , Silva Simplício Arnaud da , Araújo Clivaldo Silva de , Xavier Filho Antônio Feliciano
Published: September 2010

Este trabalho apresenta uma nova estratégia de acionamento para uma mesa de coordenadas XY, denominada de Controle Vetorial Neural, utilizando uma rede neural multicamada (RNMC) atuando como controlador adaptativo direto, cujo algoritmo de aprendizagem se baseia na minimização do erro entre o vetor de posição atualizado e o de referência. Duas estratégias de controle são mostradas. A primeira estratégia é baseada no uso de controladores de posição neurais, independentes, para cada eixo e a segunda é apresentada como principal contribuição deste trabalho e é baseada no uso do Controlador Vetorial Neural. A estratégia proposta é diferenciada dos conhecidos controladores de trajetória por não possuírem controladores independentes para cada eixo. A mesa de coordenadas XY, usada para validação, é uma estrutura de dois graus de liberdade considerada como um manipulador de eixos desacoplados. Resultados experimentais e de simulação mostram o desempenho superior do Controlador Vetorial Neural. Um menor tempo de processamento no uso de uma única rede neural é uma vantagem adicional do uso do Controlador Vetorial Neural em relação aos controladores independentes.
Desempenho social no agronegócio brasileiro: aplicando DEA no segmento de usinas de processamento de cana-de-açúcar
Authors: Macedo Marcelo Alvaro da Silva , Cípola Fabrício Carvalho , Ferreira Antonio Francisco Ritter
Published: September 2010

A importância das questões socioambientais nas empresas advém da crescente demanda da sociedade por informações a respeito dos impactos que as atividades empresariais exercem sobre os trabalhadores, a comunidade e o meio ambiente. A partir daí, as empresas começam a ter que provar que o seu custo-benefício é positivo, na medida em que agregam valor à economia e à sociedade, respeitam os direitos humanos de seus colaboradores e, ainda, desenvolvem todo o seu processo operacional sem agredir o meio ambiente. É nesse contexto que se insere este trabalho, cujo objetivo é verificar, por meio da aplicação de Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA), a relação entre capacidade de investimento e benefícios socioambientais, de forma que, quanto maiores forem os benefícios para uma menor capacidade de investimento, maior será a eficiência e, por conseguinte, o desempenho socioambiental da empresa. Os resultados do estudo, que envolveu 19 usinas de processamento de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil, mostram que a Agrovale (principal benchmark) apresenta o melhor e a São José Estiva, o menor desempenho socioambiental. Além disso, observou-se uma relação entre desempenho socioambiental e tamanho (medido pela receita), com as maiores empresas tendo desempenho melhores.
Determinantes da eficiência de escala no setor brasileiro de operadores logísticos
Authors: Wanke Peter Fernandes , Affonso Camila Rodrigues
Published: September 2010

O artigo foca o setor brasileiro de operadores logísticos (OLs) que, frente a um cenário altamente competitivo, oferece a seus clientes uma gama de serviços e de tecnologias de informação em busca de níveis maiores de eficiência. Seu objetivo principal é determinar as variáveis que apresentam impacto significativo na eficiência de escala dos OLs, por meio de modelagem de DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis - análise envoltória de dados) em dois estágios. Dados (2001-2008) da pesquisa anual feita pela Revista Tecnologística foram utilizados em um modelo de painel incompleto. Os inputs e outputs necessários para essa análise foram identificados, assim como as variáveis contextuais que podem impactar na eficiência de escala dos OLs. Os resultados corroboram evidências na literatura sobre o papel dos processos de coordenação no desempenho logístico.
Transmissão psíquica transgeracional e construção de subjetividade: relato de uma psicoterapia psicanalítica vincular
Authors: Gomes Isabel Cristina , Zanetti Sandra Aparecida S.
Published: September 2010

O presente artigo tem como objetivo refletir acerca do conceito de transmissão psíquica entre gerações, especificamente de uma modalidade - a transmissão psíquica transgeracional - e sua influência na construção das subjetividades individuais e dos vínculos familiares, enfatizando-se aqui o vínculo mãe-filha como gerador de sintomas na criança e conflitos no âmbito familiar, através de um relato clínico de uma psicoterapia psicanalítica vincular, segundo os referenciais de Eiguer (2006) e Berenstein e Puget (1997, 2005). A apresentação do caso clínico permite discutir, ainda, a relação entre a transmissão psíquica transgeracional e o estabelecimento da “maternagem”, bem como os resultados obtidos ao longo de todo o processo psicoterápico. A finalidade desse espaço terapêutico familiar é a de propiciar transformações frente ao legado geracional, promovendo o surgimento de uma subjetividade nova, impulsionadora de vida.
Antimicrobial activity of autoclaved and non autoclaved copaiba oil on Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Pieri Fábio Alessandro , José Raphaela Mansur , Galvão Newton Nascentes , Nero Luis Augusto , Moreira Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo
Published: September 2010

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of different copaiba oil concentrations against the growth of Listeria monocytogenes, and analyze differences in inhibition of microorganisms with autoclaved and non autoclaved oil. This study provided an agar diffusion test with six isolates of bacteria and six different concentrations of autoclaved or non autoclaved copaiba oil and a negative control. The results showed sensitivity of five L. monocytogenes isolates related to the 10% autoclaved solution of copaiba oil. Four strains also showed sensitivity to the 5% autoclaved solution and one to 2.5% autoclaved solution. The 10% non autoclaved oil solution showed growth inhibition only for two strains. These results had pointed the 10% autoclaved solution of copaiba oil with higher inhibition as all other solutions and concentrations tested (P<0.05). For the other concentrations of both solutions, the 5 and 2.5% autoclaved and 10% non autoclaved solutions had presented statistically equal. All other concentrations of both copaiba solutions and the negative control did not presented any bacteria inhibition. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the autoclaved copaiba oil may be a potential new agent source for infection control or for food preservation, inhibiting the growth of food-borne bacteria such as L. monocytogenes.
Fatores socioeconômicos da produção de queijo minas frescal em agroindústrias familiares de Viçosa, MG
Authors: Vinha Mariana Barboza , Pinto Cláudia Lúcia de Oliveira , Souza Maria Regina de Miranda , Chaves José Benício Paes
Published: September 2010

A produção de queijo minas frescal em agroindústrias familiares é amplamente difundida no Estado de Minas Gerais (MG) associada à tradição cultural, à demanda do consumidor e ao rendimento do produto. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar aspectos socioeconômicos da produção de queijos minas frescal fabricados em agroindústrias familiares no município de Viçosa-MG e caracterizar as principais dificuldades do setor. Os dados foram levantados pelo método de entrevista in loco em 12 agroindústrias, seis inspecionadas e seis não inspecionadas A renda do produtor familiar proveniente da produção do queijo minas frescal variou de 10 a 85% do total da renda familiar, com maiores percentuais para as agroindústrias inspecionadas. Em 83% das agroindústrias inspecionadas, a renda total era vinculada principalmente à produção do queijo. Os entraves na produção formal incluíram a competição com produtos informais, o baixo preço e a dificuldade de acesso a linhas de crédito e, para os produtores informais, incluíram escassez de matéria-prima e de mão de obra, variação sazonal da produção e ausência de infraestrutura adequada para produção. A produção de queijo minas frescal é uma atividade relevante na composição da renda familiar das agroindústrias, entretanto há necessidade de implementação de políticas públicas locais para melhor estruturação do setor, o que contribuirá para a sustentabilidade da produção familiar.
Soil bulk density and biomass partitioning of Brachiaria decumbens in a silvopastoral system
Authors: Paciullo Domingos Sávio Campos , Castro Carlos Renato Tavares de , Gomide Carlos Augusto de Miranda , Fernandes Priscila Beligoli , Rocha Wadson Sebastião Duarte da , Müller Marcelo Dias , Rossiello Roberto Oscar Pereyra
Published: September 2010

Shade in silvopastoral systems improves the thermal comfort of animals, but it may also affect the pasture productivity and can contribute to soil compaction in the shaded areas due to the increase in the number of animals looking for comfort. The effect of grazing at various distances from tree rows (under the tree canopy, at 6 and at 12 m away from the trees) on the soil bulk density and on the aerial and root biomass of Brachiaria decumbens was evaluated in both the dry and the rainy seasons. The study was carried out on an Orthic Ferralsol in a randomized block design with two replications. Tree rows were composed of Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium species, and the paddocks were submitted to a rotational stocking management, using Holstein (Bos taurus) × Zebu (Bos indicus) heifers. The shade intensity in the pasture decreased with an increasing distance from the tree row. Soil bulk density did not vary with the distance from the tree row, but varied seasonally, being greater in the rainy season (1.47 g cm-3) than in the dry season (1.28 g cm-3). Green forage and root mass, expressed as dry matter, were lower under the tree canopy and were greater in the rainy season. There were decreases of 22.3 and 41.4% in the aerial and root biomasses, respectively, in the tree rows. The greatest shoot/root ratio for B. decumbens under moderate and intensive shading indicates a modification in the forage biomass allocation pattern that favours the aerial development in detriment of the root system.
Avaliação de clones de bananeira do subgrupo Cavendish (Musa acuminata, AAA) em Cruz das Almas-BA
Authors: Silva Sebastião de Oliveira e , Alves Élio José , Andrade Neto Torquato Martins de , Lichtemberg Luis Alberto , Ferreira Francisco Ricardo
Published: September 2010

Foram avaliados em Cruz das Almas-BA, em dois ciclos, 69 clones Cavendish coletados em São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Bahia e Santa Catarina, sendo 49 do tipo Nanicão e 20 do tipo Grande Naine. Os clones foram estabelecidos em área experimental da Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura utilizando-se um delineamento em blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições e cinco plantas por parcela. Foram utilizados a irrigação por microaspersão, o espaçamento de 3,0 m x 2,0 m e um sistema de condução com três plantas/touceira. Os requerimentos agronômicos foram aplicados conforme preconizados para o cultivo. Na avaliação dos clones, foram consideradas as seguintes variáveis: altura da planta em centímetros (AP); número de dias do plantio à colheita (ND); peso do cacho em quilogramas (PC); número de frutos por cacho (NF); e comprimento do fruto em centímetros (CF). Pelos resultados obtidos, verificou-se uma variabilidade média em todas as variáveis avaliadas. Por apresentarem caracteres superiores, foram selecionados cinco clones de Grande Naine (G.N. Taperão, G.N.Rossete, G.N. Willians, G.N. Magário, G.N. SC-074) e quatro de Nanicão (N. IAC Abóbada Verde, N. Rossete, N. SC-0008 e N. SC-063).
Phytase in rations of growing pigs: performance, blood parameters and bone mineral content
Authors: Silva Hunaldo Oliveira , Fialho Elias Tadeu , Freitas Rilke Tadeu Fonseca de , Lima José Augusto de Freitas , Logato Priscila Rosa Vieira , Schoulten Neudi Artemio
Published: September 2010

It was intended with the present work to verify the effect of phytase on the performance, bone mineralization and content of plasma urea of swine. 80 swine (30 ± 3.1 kg/LW), crossbred (LD x LW) males and females, allocated to a randomized block design (RBD) with four treatments and five replicates. The treatments consisted of a growing swine diet on the basis of corn, soybean meal and defatted rice bran (DRB) supplemented with four levels of phytase (0, 400, 800 and 1200 FTU/kg) The diet was formulated to meet the requirements of growing swine except for available calcium and phosphorus, the levels of which were 0.64 and 0.25%, respectively. The enzyme phytase utilized was Natuphos 5000. Over the experimental period every eight days, blood of two animals per block was collected through a puncture in the sinus orbital, to determine the plasma urea content. At the final of the experimental period, two animals were slaughtered for collection of the metacarpus bone, aiming to verify the mineral content. The variables analyzed were: daily average weight gain (DAWG), daily average ration consumption (DARC), feed conversion (FC), content of plasma urea, content of ashes, calcium, phosphorus, manganese, zinc and magnesium in the bone. The phytase levels provided a linear improvement (P<0.05) on feed conversion and a quadratic effect on swine's plasma urea content. Phytase promoted a linear increase (P<0.05) on the content of calcium and phosphorus in the swine's metacarpus bone. The level of 750 FTU/kg provided the lowest plasma urea content. It is concluded that the use of the enzyme phytase in growing swine diets improved feed conversion, decreased the plasma urea content and increased the contents of calcium and phosphorus in the bone.
Microhimenópteros Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) parasitando espécies de dípteros que se desenvolvem em fezes de gado bovino em Panamá, Estado de Goiás, Brasil
Authors: Marchiori Carlos Henrique , Silva Filho Otacilio Moreira , Borges Marcio de Paula , Melo Mirange Ferreria de
Published: September 2010

Com este estudo, objetivou-se verificar a freqüência de parasitismo de microhimenópteros Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), parasitando espécies de dípteros, que se desenvolvem em fezes de bovinos, em Panamá, Estado de Goiás, de maio a dezembro de 2003. As pupas dos hospedeiros foram isoladas pelo método de flutuação e individualizadas em cápsulas de gelatina até a emergência das moscas e/ou dos seus parasitóides. A freqüência de parasitismo apresentada por Kleidotoma nigra (HARTIG, 1840), Paraganaspis egeria (DÍAZ, GALLARDO e WALSH, 1996), Triplasta atrocoxalis (ASHMEAD, 1895) e Triplasta coxalis (ASHMEAD, 1895) foi de 6,45%, 3,33%, 3,33% e 13,33%, respectivamente.
"A natureza concedeu a cada país ou a cada clima seus privilégios exclusivos": a natureza brasileira na obra de Manuel Arruda da Câmara
Authors: Fonseca Maria Rachel de Gomensoro Fróes da
Published: September 2010

Este artigo se propõe a analisar a trajetória de Manuel Arruda da Câmara (1752-1810), expressão no campo da botânica e da medicina no final do século XVIII, destacando sua visão sobre a natureza brasileira. Os conceitos mais representativos da Ilustração, como a crença no poder da razão, o conhecimento da natureza, as ideias de felicidade e de progresso, se evidenciaram, igualmente, no Brasil colonial. A história natural e seus ramos atraíram o interesse de estudiosos, como Manuel Arruda da Câmara, destacando-se os importantes estudos sobre botânica, e sua relação com outras áreas de conhecimento, como a medicina, a agricultura e a química. Na formulação destes conhecimentos também foi decisivo o impacto das teorias de inferioridade e de imaturidade conferidas à natureza americana, na segunda metade do século XVIII, por pensadores europeus, como Buffon e De Pauw. Estas teorias pautavam-se na afirmação de uma estreita conexão orgânica do ser vivo com a natureza, de forma determinista. Ilustrados procuraram responder a estas afirmações elaborando estudos que refutavam a caracterização negativa do continente americano. Importava, desta forma, enfatizar o potencial e as virtudes da natureza local
Os estudos etnográficos no Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (1840-1860): história, viagens e questão indígena
Authors: Kodama Kaori
Published: September 2010

O artigo aborda a etnografia do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (IHGB) em meados do século XIX, dando destaque à produção etnográfica do sócio da instituição, Antônio Gonçalves Dias. Chama a atenção para alguns aspectos que caracterizaram os estudos indígenas do momento: a visão dicotômica entre índios do passado e índios do presente que se desdobrava na percepção dos grupos de origem tupi e os 'tapuias', conhecidos também como não falantes do tupi ou índios do sertão; e a dependência da disciplina etnográfica do campo da história, então em pleno desenvolvimento no IHGB. Tais aspectos, que invariavelmente anunciavam uma perspectiva 'decadentista' sobre os índios, repercutiram nas ações políticas que os envolveram no período e, ao mesmo tempo, impossibilitaram a percepção da imensa variabilidade étnica existente no interior do Brasil, quando os intelectuais da instituição seguiram em viagem às províncias do Norte. Não obstante o anúncio constante do desaparecimento dos índios, algum legado dessa viagem permite entrever a riqueza do material coletado junto àquelas populações, que, sob formas distintas de presença na atualidade, continuam a nos fornecer reflexões sobre a complexidade da formação nacional.
Ciência e natureza nas expedições astronômicas para o Brasil (1850-1920)
Authors: Barboza Christina Helena da Motta
Published: September 2010

É fato conhecido que, ao longo de todo o século XIX, o território brasileiro foi palco de frequentes expedições científicas realizadas por naturalistas interessados em conhecer, estudar e, eventualmente, explorar os recursos naturais ali contidos. Este trabalho pretende examinar outro tipo de expedição científica comum entre meados do século e início do século XX, mas relativamente esquecido pela historiografia: as expedições astronômicas para observação de eclipses totais do Sol. Por meio da análise dos relatórios produzidos pelos astrônomos que viajaram para o Brasil com esse objetivo, é possível perceber padrões na organização e na divulgação dessas expedições, os quais revelam, sob uma nova e inesperada perspectiva, as estreitas relações existentes entre astronomia e sociedade.
Médicos, doenças e ocupação do território na Comissão de Linhas Telegráficas Estratégicas de Mato Grosso ao Amazonas (1907-1915)
Authors: Caser Arthur Torres , Sá Dominichi Miranda de
Published: September 2010

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar os relatórios elaborados pelos médicos que participaram da Comissão de Linhas Telegráficas Estratégicas do Mato Grosso ao Amazonas (CLTEMTA), ou Comissão Rondon, que percorreu estes estados brasileiros entre 1907 e 1915. A comissão tinha como meta a expansão do telégrafo até as fronteiras do Brasil com a Bolívia e o Peru. A atividade construtora foi acompanhada, ainda, por estudos científicos para a 'ocupação produtiva' da região e por levantamentos médicos das localidades percorridas. Esses últimos produziram uma interpretação dos então chamados 'sertões do noroeste', na qual se destacava a onipresença das doenças, como a malária. A intenção é compreender o impacto provocado por esta doença nos trabalhos da CLTEMTA. Nossa hipótese é a de que um dos seus principais efeitos foi a elaboração de estudos médicos cada vez mais detalhados sobre as possíveis causas das doenças naquelas regiões.
Entre ciência e política: o positivismo de Paulo Carneiro na Secretaria de Agricultura, Indústria e Comércio de Pernambuco (1935)
Authors: Bhering Marcos Jungmann , Maio Marcos Chor
Published: September 2010

O artigo analisa a atuação do cientista positivista Paulo Estevão Berredo Carneiro (1901-1982) na Secretaria de Agricultura, Indústria e Comércio de Pernambuco (SAICP) em 1935. Sua carreira foi construída no Ministério da Agricultura, Indústria e Comércio (MAIC) ao longo das décadas 1920 e 1930, ocupando cargos em instituições científicas e órgãos governamentais. Em meados dos anos 1930, foi convidado por Lima Cavalcanti, governador de Pernambuco, a dirigir a SAICP. Em sua gestão, procurou implementar políticas públicas para o meio rural com base numa visão cientificista. A análise da atuação de Paulo Carneiro em Pernambuco nos distancia de uma parte da literatura sobre a história do positivismo no Brasil, que o concebe como uma ideologia em declínio a partir dos anos 1910. O credo positivista, que atribuía à ciência e à técnica papéis fundamentais para o progresso social, esteve a um só tempo em diversos espaços científicos e políticos nos anos 1920 e 1930, como também deu a tônica das iniciativas adotadas por Carneiro na SAICP. Identificando-se como um técnico que teria por missão a condução de projetos reformistas, sua atuação despertou críticas das elites locais, em contexto de radicalização política e avanço do autoritarismo no governo de Getúlio Vargas. O positivismo e suas premissas persistiram durante a década de 1930 como elementos chave para a compreensão do reformismo social do período.
Photocatalytic decoloration of Acid Red 27 in presence of SnO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Esmaielzadeh Kandjani A. , Farzalipour Tabriz M. , Arefian N. A. , Vaezi M. R. , Halek F. , Sadrnezhaad S. K.
Published: September 2010

In this paper, the photocatalytic decoloration of Acid Red 27 (AR27) has been investigated using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in presence of SnO2 nanoparticles. SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized via hydrothermal process. The SnO2 nanoparticles' average crystallite sizes derived from X-ray analyses which were synthesized for 2, 12 and 24 hrs were about 3.73, 5.31 and 7.6 nm, respectively. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses showed high surface area of about 183, 120 and 90(m2/g), respectively for aforementioned synthesized samples. Our investigations indicated that reaction rate constant and photocatalytic efficiency of AR27 decoloration have a direct relation with SnO2 nanoparticles' specific surface areas and band gap energies. Decoloration kinetics was investigated by using Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. The values of the adsorption equilibrium constant, K[AR27], and the kinetic rate constant of surface reaction, kc, were found to be 0.0924 (l/mg) and 0.2535 (mg/l min), respectively.
Effect of pH reduction on polyphosphate- and glycogen-accumulating organisms in enhanced biological phosphorus removal processes
Authors: Fukushima Toshikazu , Onuki Motoharu , Satoh Hiroyasu , Mino Takashi
Published: September 2010

We investigated the effect of pH reduction on polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) in the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process. Three laboratory-scale EBPR reactors were used. Initially, the reactors were operated at pH 7.9 ± 0.1 and 6.5 ± 0.1, and after 27 days, the pH was lowered to 6.5 ± 0.1 and 6.0 ± 0.1, respectively. PAOs and GAOs were monitored using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and/or fluorescent in situ hybridization. Phosphorus removal performance was also monitored. During the start-up period, high EBPR activity and increases in Candidatus ‘Accumulibacter phosphatis’ (Accumulibacter) and Candidatus ‘Competibacter phosphatis’ (Competibacter) were observed. In all runs, Accumulibacter and Competibacter were the dominant PAO and GAO, respectively. Accumulibacter began to decline 10–18 days after lowering the pH to 6.5 ± 0.1. After lowering the pH to 6.0 ± 0.1, the Accumulibacter population decreased immediately. Contrastingly, an obvious adverse effect of pH reduction on Competibacter was not observed. In all runs, EBPR activity began to deteriorate 6–12 days after Accumulibacter decline began. Thus, our results show that pH reduction had an immediate or delayed effect on Accumulibacter decline. Moreover, the time lag between the start of Accumulibacter decline and that of EBPR deterioration implies that EBPR deterioration by pH reduction went through unknown process.
Treatment of pesticide rinsate towards reuse by photosensitized Fenton-like process
Authors: Kuo W. S. , Ho Y. Y.
Published: September 2010

A Fenton-like process with combination of dye has been used to enhance the treatment of carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran -7-yl methylcarbamate) pesticide rinsate. Results showed that as compared to Fenton-like process, this photosensitization Fenton-like process improved the degradation efficiency of carbofuran rinsate significantly. Among the conditions studied, the optimum dosage for the complete destruction of carbofuran molecular structure was found under a [H2O2]0/[Fe3 + ]0 ratio of 30–35 and a [Dye]0/[Fe3 + ]0 ratio of 2%, respectively, after an irradiance of 500 W/m2 for 20 min. As a result, the COD degradation efficiency of rinsate could be promoted from 37.1 to 61.2% and 66.0% by an addition of methylene blue (MB) and alizarin red S (ARS), respectively. Nevertheless, ARS showed a much more effective acceleration effect on the mineralization and microtoxicity reduction of carbofuran than MB. A mineralization efficiency of 57.2% and a microtoxicity reduction of 90% could be achieved with the addition of ARS. Because of its quinone structure unit, the dye ARS could play a role like hydroquinone to recycle Fe2 +  from Fe3 + , resulting in one more catalytic effect on the reduction of Fe3 +  and thus the mineralization and microtoxicity reduction of carbofuran was greatly promoted in the presence of ARS. In addition, it was found that carbofuran molecules could be decomposed quickly to lower-molecular-weight intermediates and even mineralized by attacking of hydroxyl radicals. Carbofuran was found to be decomposed to carbofuran phenol, 3-oxo carbofuran phenol, and 3-hydroxyl carbofuran phenol initially, and then further be degraded to smaller molecules, such as NO3−, CH3COOH, (COOH)2 and CO2. Accordingly, it was believed that the Fenton-like process along with the aid of a photosensitizer, such as ARS, under an appropriate ratio could be a feasible and potential technology for the treatment of pesticide rinsate.
Managed aquifer recharge with reclaimed water: approaches to a European guidance framework
Authors: Hochstrat R. , Wintgens T. , Kazner C. , Jeffrey P. , Jefferson B. , Melin T.
Published: September 2010

Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) with reclaimed water plays a particular role in water stress mitigation, due to both the large potential benefits achieved in terms of sustainable water resources management as well as the complexity of the planning and implementation. This paper focuses on the role of policy in establishing water quality related legal frameworks that are crucial for MAR development. It analyses and compares the current practice of shaping boundary conditions, particularly in a European context but with some international comparison. The work reports on the legal aspects considered most relevant for MAR in the European Union and summarises issues addressed in aquifer recharge regulations and guidelines. Some potential actions are proposed to develop a suitable guidance framework for further exploitation of MAR benefits.
Operational energy performance assessment system of municipal wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Yang Lingbo , Zeng Siyu , Chen Jining , He Miao , Yang Wan
Published: September 2010

Based on the statistical analysis of operational energy consumption and its influential factors from data of 599 Chinese WWTPs in 2006, it is noticed that the most influential factors include treatment technology adopted, treated sewage amount, removed pollutants amount, etc. Using the conclusion above, this paper sets up an integrated system of operational energy performance assessment for municipal wastewater treatment plants. Combining with result from on-spot research and model simulation, the calculating method of benchmark value and score of 7 energy efficiency indicators grouped into 3 levels is stated. Applying the assessment system to three plants, its applicability and objectivity are proved and suggestions to improve energy performance are provided.
Removal of phenol in a constructed wetland system and the relative contribution of plant roots, microbial activity and porous bed
Authors: Kurzbaum E. , Zimmels Y. , Kirzhner F. , Armon R.
Published: September 2010

Analysis of a low organic load constructed wetland (CW) system was performed in order to understand the relative role of its various components contribution in phenol removal (100 mg/L) under controlled plant biomass/gravel/water experimental ratios (50 g/450 g/100 mL). The results [expressed as phenol50/time (hours) required to remove 50% of the initial phenol concentration] showed that the highest phenol removal occurred by combined biofilms from roots and gravel attached (phenol50 = 19), followed by gravel biofilm (phenol50 = 105) and planktonic (suspended in water) bacteria (phenol50 = >200). An in depth analysis revealed that plants contribution alone (antibiotics sterilized) was minor (phenol50 = >89) while roots supported biofilm resulted in a significant phenol removal (phenol50 = 15). Therefore in this type of CW, the main phenol removal active fraction could be attributed to plant roots' biofilm bacteria.
Controls on groundwater nitrogen contributions from on-site wastewater systems in coastal North Carolina
Authors: Humphrey C. P. , O'Driscoll M. A. , Zarate M. A.
Published: September 2010

The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of soil type and separation distance to water table on dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations in groundwater adjacent to on-site wastewater systems. Groundwater nitrogen species (NO3−-N and NH4+-N) and groundwater levels adjacent to 16 on-site systems in three different soil groups (group I- sand, group II- coarse loams and group III -sandy clay loams) were monitored for 15 months (January 2007–March 2008) in coastal North Carolina. On-site systems in soil group I had the highest concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (median of 18.9 mg/L) in groundwater, and most frequently (mean 61%) exceeded 10 mg/L, followed by systems in soil group II (11.0 mg/L, 50%) and soil group III (2.6 mg/L, 9%), respectively. Groundwater NH4+-N concentrations near on-site systems in soil groups I and II that maintained a 60 + cm separation to the seasonal high water table were 4 mg/L lower in relation to systems that had <60 cm separation, but median NO3−-N concentrations were 6.5 mg/L higher. On-site systems in group I and II soils are prone to groundwater nitrogen loading with separation distance often controlling the nitrogen speciation in groundwater near on-site systems.
Long-term changes in the effluent loads from pulp and paper mills, the introduction of BAT technology, and their effects on extractable organic halogens concentrations in sediment in part of the Bothnian Bay
Authors: Pöykiö R. , Nurmesniemi H. , Kivilinna V. A. , Kuokkanen T.
Published: September 2010

The Bothnian Bay at Kemi, which is the northernmost basin of the Gulf of Bothnia in the Baltic Sea, is affected by effluents from point sources such as pulp and paper mills and municipal sewage plant. During the period 1988–2008, the accumulated values of effluent volume, BOD7, CODCr, Tot-P, Tot-N, TSS and AOX from these point sources fell considerably as follows: 1) effluent volume by 24%, BOD7 by 92%, CODCr by 74%, Tot-P by 79%, Tot-N by 38%, TSS by 76% and AOX by 93%. The decrease in the effluent loadings is due to the introduction of Best Available Techniques (BAT) for the production processes and wastewater treatment at the pulp and paper mills. According to the long-term monitoring program that has been carried out every third year between 1997–2009, the decreasing trend in EOX—concentrations in the top 2 cm of the bottom sediment reflects the decrease in organochlorine discharges (AOX) from the mills. In 1997, the EOX concentrations in bottom sediment varied between 3–70 μg of Cl g−1 (dry weight), and in 2009 between 1.2–31 μg of Cl g−1 (dry weight).
Fate of indicator endocrine disrupting chemicals in sewage during treatment and polishing for non-potable reuse
Authors: Holmes Mike , Kumar Anu , Shareef Ali , Doan Hai , Stuetz Richard , Kookana Rai
Published: September 2010

The removal and fate of several indicator endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) at two large municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Adelaide South Australia was investigated. Non-estrogens included the non-ionic surfactant breakdown compounds nonyl phenol mono- and di-ethoxylates, 4-t-octylphenol and 4-nonyl phenol; and, the plasticizer bisphenol A. Estrogens included 17β-estradiol; estrone; and, 17α-ethynylestradiol. Effluent from Bolivar WWTP is polished using stabilisation lagoons followed by coagulation, dissolved air flotation/filtration and chlorination for non-potable reuse. Biosolids from both plants is applied to agricultural land as a soil conditioner. Non-estrogen indicator EDCs were detected at the highest concentration in sewage, effluent and sludge but estrogen indicator EDCs contributed the greatest potential for estrogenicity. The fate of indicator EDCs at various treatment stages is complex and includes biochemical modification/transformation and/or partitioning to either solid or liquid phases. Activated sludge treatment was an important removal barrier achieving moderate—high removal of predicted and YES (a yeast screen assay) measured estrogen equivalent values (EEq). Combined polishing treatment achieved high removal of candidate EDCs (97%). Mass balance indicates that the largest source of estrogenicity discharged from both WWTPs investigated is digested sludge which accounts for 18 and 22% respectively of the combined predicted and YES measured EEq measured in sewage at the two WWTPs.
Biodegradability and toxicity assessment of bleach plant effluents treated anaerobically
Authors: Chaparro T. R. , Botta C. M. , Pires E. C.
Published: September 2010

As part of an experimental project on the treatment of bleach plant effluents the results of biodegradability and toxicity assessment of effluents from a bench-scale horizontal anaerobic immobilized bioreactor (HAIB) are discussed in this paper. The biodegradability of the bleach plant effluents from a Kraft pulp mill treated in the HAIB was evaluated using the modified Zahn-Wellens test. The inoculum came from a pulp mill wastewater treatment plant and the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was used as the indicator of organic matter removal. The acute and chronic toxicity removal during the anaerobic treatment was estimated using Daphnia similis and Ceriodaphnia silvestrii respectively. Moreover, the evaluation of chromosome aberrations (CA), micronucleus frequencies (MN) and mitotic index (IM) in Allium cepa cells were used as genotoxicity indicators. The results indicate that the effluents from the anaerobic reactor are amenable to aerobic polishing. Acute and chronic toxicity were reduced by 90 and 81%, respectively. The largest CA and MN incidence in the meristematic cells of A. cepa were observed after exposure to the raw bleach plant effluent. The HAIB was able to reduce the acute and chronic toxicity as well as chromosome aberrations and the occurrence of micronucleus.
Spontaneous Dissection of Right Coronary Artery Manifested with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Paraskevaidis Stelios , Theofilogiannakos Efstratios K , Chatzizisis Yiannis S , Mantziari Lilian , Economou Fotis , Ziakas Antonios , Hadjimiltiades Stavros , Styliadis Ioannis H
Published: September 2010

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is a rare cause of acute ischemic coronary events and sudden cardiac death. It usually occurs in young women without traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease during pregnancy or postpartum period. However, it has also been reported in patients with atherosclerotic coronary disease. We present a case of spontaneous right coronary artery dissection in a 48-year male with recent myocardial infarction and previous percutaneous coronary intervention.