bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Molecular Neuroprotective Strategies in Cerebral Ischemia: An Insight into Emerging Treatments for Oxidative Stress
Authors: Nampoothiri Sreekala S. , Jain Saurabh A. , Burrows David , Bae Ok-Nam , Majid Arshad , Rajanikant G. K.
Published: November 2017

Oxidative stress-induced cerebral ischemia is associated with the excessive generation of free radicals and their derivatives. Free radicals in moderate amounts are necessary to maintain redox homeostasis, whereas their aberrant production causes brain damage. Overexpression of superoxide dismutases, downregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase and the activation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 are some of the key endogenous anti-oxidant defense mechanisms that alleviate oxidative stress-induced brain injury. Furthermore, the administration of exogenous anti-oxidants such as resveratrol, allopurinol, omega-3 fatty acids, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, melatonin and ursolic acid repress multiple oxidative stress targets and consequently enhance endogenous anti-oxidant activity to provide post-ischemic neuroprotection. This chapter provides an insight into various neuroprotective strategies against oxidative stress-induced neuronal loss.
Combined Drug–Diagnostic Test Co-development for Predicting and Preventing Brain Impairments
Authors: Izykenova Galina , Phelps Shean
Published: November 2017

Cerebrovascular disorders and traumatic brain injury-centric personalized therapeutics (i.e., “Rx” or “targeted drugs” and/or therapies) and companion diagnostics are discussed in regard to improving clinical outcomes by proffering patient treatments that are tailored toward their distinctive biological characteristics. The application of personalized medicine in the face of the challenges surrounding predicting and preventing the development of impairment in persons with pre-existing conditions and/or increased risk factors are addressed.
Advances in Diagnostics and Treatment of Neurotoxicity after Sports-related Injuries
Authors: Gennarelli Thomas A. , Dambinova Svetlana A. , Weissman Joseph D.
Published: November 2017

The neuronal and cerebral vascular impairments underlying neurotoxicity (excitotoxicity) due to mild traumatic brain injury are reviewed. Characteristic patterns of subtle injury in cortical, subcortical, or brainstem areas are associated with micro-, small-, and medium-sized artery dysfunctions. The present review is focused on trends in the choice of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches for mild traumatic brain injury therapy. These could optimize cerebral blood flow hemodynamics and homeostasis to protect executive brain functions and secure quality of life.
Neurotoxicity in Spinal Cord Impairments
Authors: Ponomarev Grigory V. , Dambinova Svetlana A. , Skoromets Alexander A.
Published: November 2017

Spinal cord (SC) ischemia is a rare but devastating disorder caused by trauma and a wide range of diseases directly or indirectly affecting the SC vascular system. Specific biomarkers for SC ischemia combined with coherent guidelines could aid the early diagnosis of disease, target treatment development, and reduce mortality. The present chapter is devoted to the role of neurotoxicity cascade in the hemodynamics of SC impairment. Tendencies in early diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic conditions are highlighted.
Advancements and Challenges in Hyperacute Stroke Translational Research
Authors: Dambinova Svetlana A. , Peplow Philip V. , Gennarelli Thomas A.
Published: November 2017

Hyperacute stroke is a “brain attack” requiring urgent recognition so that the mobilization of multidiscipline efforts can lead to prompt differential diagnosis and emergent therapy within 6 hours of onset. The rapid assessment of metabolites in biological fluids might help to capture quick changes of diverse biomarkers associated with cerebral ischemic or hemorrhagic injuries. Accurate diagnosis enables clinicians to select the most effective emergent therapy of using thrombolytics or neuroprotective or neuroregenerative medication. In this chapter, some unresolved issues and challenges in hyperacute stroke diagnosis and treatment are highlighted. The possibility of the combined use of neuroprotective and neuroregenerative strategies in addition to thrombolytic treatment is considered.
Molecular spin qudits for quantum algorithms
Authors: Moreno-Pineda Eufemio , Godfrin Clément , Balestro Franck , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Ruben Mario
Published: November 2017

Molecules are promising building blocks for Quantum information processing. Herein we describe how a molecular multilevel nuclear spin qubit (or qudit, where d = 4), known as TbPc2, showing all necessary requirements to perform as a molecular hardware platform with a first generation of molecular devices enabling even quantum algorithm operations.
A squaraine-based sensor for colorimetric detection of CO2 gas in an aqueous medium through an unexpected recognition mechanism: experiment and DFT calculation
Authors: Sun Jianqi , Zheng Xiangjuan , Wu Xinjie , Li Dong , Xia Guomin , Yu Shuxian , Yu Qiming , Wang Hongming
Published: November 2017

A squaraine-based sensor for colorimetric detection of CO2 gas in an aqueous medium through an unexpected recognition mechanism.
Water-soluble small-molecule probes for RNA based on a two-photon fluorescence “off–on” process: systematic analysis in live cell imaging and understanding of structure–activity relationships
Authors: Li Hong , Li Yuncang , Zhang Huihui , Xu Guoyong , Zhang Yuliang , Liu Xiaohu , Zhou Hongping , Yang Xingyuan , Zhang Xuanjun , Tian Yupeng
Published: November 2017

The remarkable two-photon fluorescence responses in vitro and in vivo of L1–5 for RNA revealed the synergistic effect of the amino group and the pyridinium cation.
A multifunctional logic gate by means of a triple-chromophore fluorescent biothiol probe with diverse fluorescence signal patterns
Authors: He Longwei , Yang Xueling , Xu Kaixin , Yang Yunzhen , Lin Weiying
Published: November 2017

Multiple logic gates such as OR, TRANSFER, INH, NOT, and YES operations were achieved on a single triple-chromophore fluorescent probe by using biothiols and fluorescence signal patterns as the multiple inputs and outputs.
Nanostructured silicon ferromagnet collected by a permanent neodymium magnet
Authors: Okuno Takahisa , Thürmer Stephan , Kanoh Hirofumi
Published: November 2017

Nanostructured silicon particles prepared by anodic electroetching of p-type silicon wafers were separated by a permanent neodymium magnet as a ferromagnetic solid.
The impact of metal complex lipids on viscosity and curvature of hybrid liposomes
Authors: Ohtani Ryo , Tokita Tsukasa , Takaya Tomohisa , Iwata Koichi , Kinoshita Masanao , Matsumori Nobuaki , Nakamura Masaaki , Lindoy Leonard F. , Hayami Shinya
Published: November 2017

Organic–inorganic hybrid liposomes exhibit stronger interaction between heads but weaker interaction between alkyl chains than occurs in pristine liposomes.
A novel tin hybrid nano-composite with double nets of carbon matrixes as a stable anode in lithium ion batteries
Authors: Liu Jinyun , Lin Xirong , Chen Xi , Shen Zihan , Chi Miaofang , Niu Junjie , Zhang Huigang , Huang Jiarui , Li Jinjin
Published: November 2017

A novel hybrid anode consisting of tin encapsulated by double nets is presented, which is demonstrated via in situ transmission electron microscopy.
Rhodium-catalyzed carbonylative synthesis of silyl-substituted indenones
Authors: Zhu Fengxiang , Spannenberg Anke , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: November 2017

A novel and efficient rhodium-catalyzed procedure for the preparation of silyl-substituted indenones has been developed. With silanes and internal alkynes as the substrates in the presence of CO, good to excellent yields of the desired indenones can be isolated.
Ru decorated with NiCoP: an efficient and durable hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalyst in both acidic and alkaline conditions
Authors: Liu Suli , Liu Qinpu , Lv Yun , Chen Biyao , Zhou Quan , Wang Lei , Zheng Qiuhui , Che Chenjing , Chen Changyun
Published: November 2017

NiCoP@Ru is an excellent hydrogen evolving catalyst in both acidic and alkaline conditions, close in performance to that of Pt/C.
Enhanced bifunctional fuel cell catalysis via Pd/PtCu core/shell nanoplates
Authors: Lin Fei , Wang Kai , Tang Yonghua , Lai Jianping , Lou Mingchuan , Huang Minghua , Guo Shaojun
Published: November 2017

Depositing the Pt atoms on nanoscale two-dimensional (2D) substrates resulting in the exposure of specific crystal facets is an effective strategy for reducing the Pt content without compromising the catalytic property.
Influence of substituents on the acceptor properties of the amino groups in the diaminobenzene analogues
Authors: Shishkina Svitlana V. , Konovalova Irina S. , Shishkin Oleg. V. , Boyko Alexander N.
Published: November 2017

The influence of substituents on the geometric parameters and acceptor properties of the amino group in the diaminobenzene analogues has been studied using quantum-chemical calculations and the study of crystal packing from the energetic viewpoint.
Dissociative ionisation of adamantane: a combined theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Candian Alessandra , Bouwman Jordy , Hemberger Patrick , Bodi Andras , Tielens Alexander G. G. M.
Published: November 2017

Adamantane, the smallest nanodiamond molecule, dissociates mostly through C4H8and C3H7loss, yielding small hydrocarbons as product.
Spin-polarized transport properties in some transition metal dithiolene complexes
Authors: Thi Thu Huong Vu , Tai Truong Ba , Jiang Jyh-Chiang , Nguyen Minh Tho
Published: November 2017

A calculated spin-resolved transmission spectrum at zero bias of a Ni–dithiolene complex.
Kinetics of the simplest Criegee intermediate reaction with ozone studied using a mid-infrared quantum cascade laser spectrometer
Authors: Chang Yuan-Pin , Chang Hsun-Hui , Lin Jim Jr-Min
Published: November 2017

The first experimental study of Criegee intermediate reactions with ozone, clarifying its role in atmosphere and laboratory studies of ozonolysis.
Correction: Two-dimensional boron: structures, properties and applications
Authors: Zhang Zhuhua , Penev Evgeni S. , Yakobson Boris I.
Published: November 2017

Correction for ‘Two-dimensional boron: structures, properties and applications’ by Zhuhua Zhang et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00261k.
Coordination mode-induced isomeric cyclometalated [Ir(tpy)(nbi)Cl](PF6) complexes: distinct luminescence, self-assembly and cellular imaging behaviors
Authors: Gao Tai-Bao , Yan Run-Qi , Metherell Alexander J. , Cao Deng-Ke , Ye De-Ju , Ward Michael D.
Published: November 2017

Two isomeric Ir(iii) complexesIr–OandIr–Rarising from the different coordination mode of a naphthalene-containing ligand, show distinct luminescence, self-assembly ability and cellular imaging behaviors.
Syntheses, structures, and magnetic properties of two unique Cu(ii)-based coordination polymers involving a crystal-to-crystal structural transformation from a 1D chain to a 3D network
Authors: Yang Xu-Feng , Liu Min , Zhu Hai-Bin , Hang Cheng , Zhao Yue
Published: November 2017

Promoted by the DMF solvent, the 1D chain structure of 1 can be irreversibly transformed into the 3D sod network structure of 2 in a crystal-to-crystal fashion, which is accompanied by a drastic magnetic change.
Crystal chemistry and magnetic properties of the solid solutions Ca14−xRExMnBi11 (RE = La–Nd, Sm, and Gd–Ho; x ≈ 0.6–0.8)
Authors: Ovchinnikov Alexander , Prakash Jai , Bobev Svilen
Published: November 2017

A rich variety of magnetic phenomena, such as magnetic clustering and metamagnetism, were found for the new substitution series Ca14−xRExMnBi11.
BODIPY dyes with thienyl- and dithienylthio-substituents – synthesis, redox and fluorescent properties
Authors: Leushina E. A. , Usol'tsev I. A. , Bezzubov S. I. , Moiseeva A. A. , Terenina M. V. , Anisimov A. V. , Taydakov I. V. , Khoroshutin A. V.
Published: November 2017

Novel thienyl- and dithienylthio-BODIPYs were synthesized, which displayed unusual crystal packing and luminescence.
Synthesis and photoelectrocatalytic activity of In2O3 hollow microspheres via a bio-template route using yeast templates
Authors: Pan Duo , Ge Shengsong , Zhang Xiyu , Mai Xianmin , Li Shengyao , Guo Zhanhu
Published: November 2017

In2O3 hollow microspheres synthesized using yeast as a bio-template with the aid of a precipitation method have demonstrated higher photoelectrocatalytic activity in degrading methylene blue (MB).
Layered double hydroxide and zirconium phosphate as ion exchangers for the removal of ‘black crusts’ from the surface of ancient monuments
Authors: Boccalon E. , Nocchetti M. , Pica M. , Romani A. , Casciola M.
Published: November 2017

Two ion exchanger solids (LDH and ZrP) as an innovative tool to remove gypsum from ancient monuments.
Constructing CrIII-centered heterometallic complexes: [NiII6CrIII] and [CoII6CrIII] wheels
Authors: Kakaroni Foteini E. , Collet Alexandra , Sakellari Eirini , Tzimopoulos Demetrios I. , Siczek Milosz , Lis Tadeusz , Murrie Mark , Milios Constantinos J.
Published: November 2017

The syntheses, structures and magnetic properties of two CrIII-centered wheels, [MII6CrIII] (M = Ni, Co), are reported.
Geo-material surface modification of microchips using layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly for subsurface energy and environmental applications
Authors: Zhang Y. Q. , Sanati-Nezhad A. , Hejazi S. H.
Published: November 2017

A key constraint in the application of microfluidic technology to subsurface flow and transport processes is the surface discrepancy between microchips and the actual rocks/soils.
Concentration-dependent binding of CdSe quantum dots on the SH3 domain
Authors: Bell David R. , Kang Seung-Gu , Huynh Tien , Zhou Ruhong
Published: November 2017

Aggregated CdSe quantum dots preferentially bind to the native SH3 binding site, indicative of a dose-dependent and surface coating-dependent toxicity.
Highly transparent and rollable PVA-co-PE nanofibers synergistically reinforced with epoxy film for flexible electronic devices
Authors: Xiong Bing , Zhong Weibing , Zhu Qing , Liu Ke , Li Mufang , Sun Gang , Wang Dong
Published: November 2017

The fabricated nanocomposite films exhibited excellent performances and can be used as a substrate for flexible devices.
Novel penta-graphene nanotubes: strain-induced structural and semiconductor–metal transitions
Authors: Wang Zhanyu , Cao Xinran , Qiao Chong , Zhang R. J. , Zheng Y. X. , Chen L. Y. , Wang S. Y. , Wang C. Z. , Ho K. M. , Fan Yuan-Jia , Jin Bih-Yaw , Su Wan-Sheng
Published: November 2017

Strain effects make inverted penta-graphene nanotubes exhibit extraordinary 1D structural and semiconductor–metal transitions.
Modelling direct DNA damage for gold nanoparticle enhanced proton therapy
Authors: Sotiropoulos Marios , Henthorn Nicholas T. , Warmenhoven John W. , Mackay Ranald I. , Kirkby Karen J. , Merchant Michael J.
Published: November 2017

A computer model of gold nanoparticles within a cell used to assess DNA damage under proton irradiation.
Synthesis and characterization of two-component acidic ion intercalated layered double hydroxide and its use as a nanoflame-retardant in ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)
Authors: Zhou Xiuhua , Chen Hong , Chen Qinghua , Ling Qidan
Published: November 2017

A series of two-component acidic ion intercalated layered double hydroxides (MgAlZn-X1/X2-LDHs) were synthesized by coprecipitation under microwave crystallization, and were further used as novel nanoflame-retardants for ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA).
A robust method to calculate the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) for hydrogels and hybrids
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Sulalit , Sharma Anuvansh , Ashfaq Alvi Muhammad Awais , Raju Rajesh , Glomm Wilhelm Robert
Published: November 2017

Phase transition temperatures along with system reversibilities defined by a unique reversibility parameter have been developed in this study.
para-Aramid fiber modified by melamine polyphosphate and its flame retardancy on thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer
Authors: Chen Xilei , Wang Wenduo , Jiao Chuanmei
Published: November 2017

With the increasing applications of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU), the fire risk and smoke hazard caused by TPU have aroused wide attention.
Electronic structure and properties of RbTiOPO4:Ta crystals
Authors: Li Ziqing , Chen Yang , Zhu Pengfei , Ji Nianjing , Duan Xiulan , Jiang Huaidong
Published: November 2017

RTP crystals doped with four different Ta concentrations were grown by high-temperature solution method.
Continuum tuning of nanoparticle interfacial properties by dynamic covalent exchange
Authors: Edwards William , Marro Nicolas , Turner Grace , Kay Euan R.
Published: November 2017

Dynamic covalent modification of the surface-stabilizing monolayer accesses a continuum of nanoparticle properties from a single starting point.
Target-activated streptavidin–biotin controlled binding probe
Authors: Wu Yung-Peng , Chew Chee Ying , Li Tian-Neng , Chung Tzu-Hsuan , Chang En-Hao , Lam Chak Hin , Tan Kui-Thong
Published: November 2017

The streptavidin–biotin controlled binding probe has several advantages for the detection of enzymes and reactive small molecules, such as minimal background, multiple signal amplification steps, and wide selection of the optimal dyes for detection.
Dual vicinal functionalisation of heterocyclesviaan interrupted Pummerer coupling/[3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement cascade
Authors: Šiaučiulis Mindaugas , Sapmaz Selma , Pulis Alexander P. , Procter David J.
Published: November 2017

An interrupted Pummerer coupling/[3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement cascade allows the direct and metal free dual vicinal functionalisation of heterocycles. For example, C3 thio, C2 allyl indoles are prepared in one synthetic operation from the union of the parent indoles and allyl sulfoxides.
Liposomal internal viscosity affects the fate of membrane deformation induced by hypertonic treatment
Authors: Fujiwara Kei , Yanagisawa Miho
Published: November 2017

Under a hypertonic condition, deformation of liposomes containing high concentrations of proteins depends on internal viscosity and is classified into budding and tubing.
Cellulose nanofibril/boron nitride nanosheet composites with enhanced energy density and thermal stability by interfibrillar cross-linking through Ca2+
Authors: Yang Junwei , Xie Haian , Chen Hao , Shi Zhuqun , Wu Tao , Yang Quanling , Xiong Chuanxi
Published: November 2017

Flexible and eco-friendly dielectric materials with high energy density and breakdown strength have promising applications in energy storage devices.
Variable texture few-layer ordered macroporous carbon for high-performance electrochemical capacitors
Authors: Xu Feng , Sun Peng , Qian Meng , Lin Tianquan , Huang Fuqiang
Published: November 2017

Few-layer carbon with an interconnected ordered macroporous structure has unique attributes which are appealing for many applications in energy storage, catalyst support, and thermal management.
Fluorescent probes for sensitive and selective detection of pH changes in live cells in visible and near-infrared channels
Authors: Fang Mingxi , Adhikari Rashmi , Bi Jianheng , Mazi Wafa , Dorh Nethaniah , Wang Jianbo , Conner Nathan , Ainsley Jon , Karabencheva-Christova Tatyana G. , Luo Fen-Tair , Tiwari Ashutosh , Liu Haiying
Published: November 2017

Five fluorescent probes bearing coumarin moieties with spirolactam ring structures have been developed to detect pH changes in visible and near-infrared channels.
Manipulating organic triplet harvesting in regioisomeric microcrystals
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhan Ge , Fang Peiyu , Liu Zhiwei , Bian Zuqiang , Huang Chunhui
Published: November 2017

We successfully manipulate organic triplet harvesting in a series of N-benzoyl-carbazole microcrystals simply via changing the substitution positions.
Holistic bioengineering: rewiring central metabolism for enhanced bioproduction
Authors: Aslan Selçuk , Noor Elad , Bar-Even Arren
Published: November 2017

What does it take to convert a living organism into a truly productive biofactory? Apart from optimizing biosynthesis pathways as standalone units, a successful bioengineering approach must bend the endogenous metabolic network of the host, and especially its central metabolism, to support the bioproduction process. In practice, this usually involves three complementary strategies which include tuning-down or abolishing competing metabolic pathways, increasing the availability of precursors of the desired biosynthesis pathway, and ensuring high availability of energetic resources such as ATP and NADPH. In this review, we explore these strategies, focusing on key metabolic pathways and processes, such as glycolysis, anaplerosis, the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle, and NADPH production. We show that only a holistic approach for bioengineering — considering the metabolic network of the host organism as a whole, rather than focusing on the production pathway alone — can truly mold microorganisms into efficient biofactories.
Large‐scale fractional‐order systems: stability analysis and their decentralised functional observers design
Authors: Boukal Yassine , Darouach Mohamed , Zasadzinski Michel , Radhy Nour‐Eddine
Published: November 2017

This study concerns the stability analysis of linear large‐scale fractional‐order systems and its functional observers design. First, based on the diffusive representation of the fractional‐order derivative and the indirect Lyapunov approach, the stability of large‐scale fractional‐order interconnected systems is studied. Then, a sufficient stability condition of such systems is given in linear matrix inequality (LMI) formulation. In the second part of this work, the existence conditions of functional decentralised observers for this class of systems are given, and the asymptotic stability of estimation errors is investigated. The observers gains matrices are derived by solving the obtained LMI. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the validity of the proposed approach.
Image denoising method based on a deep convolution neural network
Authors: Zhang Fu , Cai Nian , Wu Jixiu , Cen Guandong , Wang Han , Chen Xindu
Published: November 2017

Image denoising is still a challenging problem in image processing. The authors propose a novel image denoising method based on a deep convolution neural network (DCNN). Different from other learning‐based methods, the authors design a DCNN to achieve the noise image. Thus, the latent clear image can be achieved by separating the noise image from the contaminated image. At the training stage, the gradient clipping scheme is employed to prevent gradient explosions and enables the network to converge quickly. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed denoising method can achieve a better performance compared with the state‐of‐the‐art denoising methods. Also, the results indicate that the denoising method has the ability of suppressing different noises with different noise levels by means of one single denoising model.
High power seven‐port microwave duplexer for monopulse radar tracking applications based on amplitude discriminator
Authors: Rajabloo Hossein , Hojjat Kashani Farrokh
Published: November 2017

In this study, the design and analysis of a seven‐port radar duplexer for tracking a target in X‐band operation are presented. The S‐parameters of the structure are calculated and compared with experimental results. The simulations and experimental results are in good agreement. This device enables radars to calculate the horizontal difference, vertical difference, and sum of four beams of a monopulse antenna based on amplitude discriminator. Three magic‐Ts and one T‐junction are used, four input ports are connected to a monopulse antenna and three other ports are output ports. The output data give three equations between input signals that allow the radar to track a target. Results show that the S‐parameters of this device are affected by magic‐Ts and the T‐junction structure, and an optimum structure for the magic‐Ts and T‐junction is proposed. A comprehensive study has been carried out for determination and comparison of properties of the structure in theory, simulation, and experimental results. This device is useful in radar tracking systems.
Optimisation of reflection coefficient of microstrip antennas based on KBNN exploiting GPR model
Authors: Chen Yi , Tian Yu‐Bo , Qiang Zhe , Xu Lan
Published: November 2017

When microstrip antennas (MSAs) are optimised, the full‐wave electromagnetic simulation takes long time to get the result which is very time consuming. Hence, the knowledge‐based neural network (KBNN) is used here to replace the electromagnetic simulation to shorten the calculating time and raise efficiency. However, prior knowledge of KBNN is always obtained by empirical formulas and neural networks, both of them are heavy and complicated. In this study, Gaussian process regression (GPR) is proposed to get the prior knowledge. The modelling of MSA is realised by the prior knowledge input method. The short optimal time and excellent optimal results prove that the proposed KBNN is a fast and effective method for the optimisation of MSAs.
Design of thinned fractal antenna arrays for adaptive beam forming and sidelobe reduction
Authors: El‐Khamy Said E. , Eltrass Ahmed S. , El‐Sayed Huda F.
Published: November 2017

This study introduces, for the first time, a new design methodology that combines the unique multi‐band features of thinned fractal antenna arrays with the adaptive beamforming requirements. The major challenges of fractal array design are the high sidelobe level (SLL), the huge number of elements at higher‐growth stages, and the radiation pattern synthesis. In this study, the ant colony optimisation algorithm is utilised for thinning fractal arrays by estimating the optimum combination of ‘on’ and ‘off’ elements corresponding to lowest possible SLL, while the least mean square algorithm is investigated as an adaptive beamforming method in the proposed design. The capability of the proposed design is demonstrated by investigating hexagonal and pentagonal fractal antenna arrays under various parameter regimes. The results show that the proposed design is much superior in terms of multi‐band frequency operation, array element reduction, and beamforming accuracy. This reveals the effectiveness of the proposed technique as a promising design in smart antenna technology.
High dynamic range, low power, tunable, active filter for RF and microwave wireless applications
Authors: Pantoli Leonardo , Stornelli Vincenzo , Leuzzi Giorgio
Published: November 2017

In this work, a novel solution for the design of active filters is presented. The proposed approach is based on the use of single‐transistor active inductors in class‐AB operation with minimum power consumption (2 mW) and good dynamic range (about 100 dB). This approach also allows potential implementation of monolithic technology. The proposed solution has been validated with a hybrid prototype, fabricated and tested in the authors’ labs. The measured performances demonstrate its feasibility for use in commercial applications.
Control and power transfer operation of WRIG‐based WECS in a hybrid AC/DC microgrid
Authors: Sowmmiya Uthayakumar , Govindarajan Uma
Published: November 2017

In this study, the control and power transfer operation of wound rotor induction generator (WRIG)‐based wind energy conversion system (WECS) in a hybrid AC/DC microgrid (DCM), delivering power during islanded and utility‐tied conditions are dealt. The system encompasses WRIG, rotor‐side converter (RSC) and stator SC (SSC) connected back–back with DCM. AC loads, AC end of SSC, stator of WRIG and a switchable utility frames the AC microgrid. During islanded mode, stator voltage and frequency are regulated with proportional–integral (PI) controllers through RSC. During utility‐tied mode, RSC is currently controlled to perform bidirectional slip power transfer. Load compensation is achieved by current‐controlled SSC at all conditions. Instantaneous power theory is employed in the current control of RSC and SSC for generating reference currents. On the basis of wind/load conditions, all possible operational modes are formulated. The power transfer operation during occasional conditions such as shorted winding, over loading, low wind, machine stall and no load claims the merit of the setup. A supervisory control algorithm is developed for executing smooth power transfer. The dynamic operation is experimentally analysed to confirm the efficacious working of the WECS.
ISAR imaging and cross‐range scaling of high‐speed manoeuvring target with complex motion via compressive sensing
Authors: Kang Min‐Seok , Kim Kyung‐Tae
Published: November 2017

For targets with extreme manoeuvres, inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging suffers from translational motion (TM), which is modelled as a one‐dimensional (1D) phase error, and non‐uniform rotational motion (RM), which is a multidimensional (MD) phase error that causes severe blurring in ISAR images. Full‐aperture data collection is often unachievable because of interference with other radar activities, resulting in sparse‐aperture (SA) data. In this study, the authors present a new framework for SA‐ISAR imaging and cross‐range scaling for manoeuvring targets based on compressive sensing. Instead of solving conventional optimisation problems constrained by a sparsity of signals, the proposed method utilises the sensing‐matrix estimation technique for ISAR image reconstruction using parametric signal‐model reconstruction. To do this, it looks for basis functions that best represent the behaviour of a sensing‐dictionary matrix comprising the observed SA data. The sensing‐matrix reconstruction is based on a modified orthogonal matching pursuit‐type basis function‐searching scheme. Finally, they generate a well‐focused and scaled ISAR image from the recovered complete ISAR signal using the conventional Fourier transform after the removal of signals corresponding to 1D TM and MD RM phase errors. They utilise both simulated and real measured datasets to confirm the effectiveness of proposed method.
Cross‐coupling over frequency and sequence in impedance modelling of grid‐connected inverter
Authors: Xu Yunyang , Nian Heng , Xu Guodong , Qiu Jixing
Published: November 2017

Impedance‐based stability theory is an effective technique in grid‐inverter system stability analysis. In existed research based on this theory, sequence impedance models are assumed to have linear behaviour under small‐signal operation, and the grid‐inverter system can be decoupled into positive‐ and negative‐sequence subsystems. However, this may lead to wrong conclusions if there is cross‐coupling over frequency and sequence, which can be caused by phase locking loop (PLL), asymmetric current regulators, and soft dc bus. Here, the cross‐coupling will be analysed, and a 2 × 2 analytical admittance matrix model of grid‐connected inverter will be derived and validated, which can describe the cross‐coupling caused by PLL and asymmetric current regulators. The influence of the cross‐coupling on system stability is also discussed.
Research on scheduling optimisation for an integrated system of wind‐photovoltaic‐hydro‐pumped storage
Authors: Zhang Qianwen , Wang Xiuli , Yang Tingtian , Liang Jiankang
Published: November 2017

Wind power and photovoltaic power is increasingly becoming the most promising new energy with its advantages of rich resources, environmental protection, and low‐carbon characters. However, with the large scale of wind power and photovoltaic power generation integrated to the power grid, it's random, intermittent and fluctuant output brings great challenge to the safety and stability of power grid. To ensure the security and stability of the system, wind power and photovoltaic power should be abandoned sometimes; this limits the new energy acceptance ability of the power grid. However, wind power, photovoltaic power and hydropower have the natural complementary features, utilising the complementary characteristic of the above three energy can make the output power curve smoother. Thus, this study combines the wind power, photovoltaic power, hydropower and pumped storage power to form a complementary generation system. In addition, this study proposes two optimal scheduling models of multi‐energy power generation. The first model aims to minimise the cost of thermal units, the second model aims to minimise the fluctuation of the complementary generation system. Last, this study uses a computationally available mixed‐integer linear programming algorithm to solve the model. A test system is used to achieve the optimal economic dispatch and verify the rationality and feasibility of the proposed model. The results illustrate the efficiency of the proposed strategy in improving the utilisation of renewable energy as well as reducing the impact of fluctuation due to wind and photovoltaic integrated to the power grid.
Analysis on economic operation of multi‐energy flow system
Authors: Wang Zhilong , Wang Zesen , Cao Jun , Wang Liping
Published: November 2017

With the development of society, fossil fuel energy consumption is serious; the efficiency of a single energy system is too low to meet the needs of future society. This study focuses on the economics of the multi‐stream system, from the perspective of sustainable development; taking into account the existing energy use and other clean energy. Taking the typical natural gas–electric power mixed multi‐energy flow system as an example, combined with the traditional power system model, this study analyses the running cost and operation structure optimisation of natural gas–electric power hybrid multi‐energy system, especially considering the influence of environment, and puts forward reasonable planning suggestions according to the actual production and living conditions.
Coupling analysis of gas‐electric hybrid system based on Newton–Raphson method
Authors: Men Xiangyang , Wang Zesen , Cao Jun , Pan Xin
Published: November 2017

With the development of clean energy technology, the electric‐power industry, as a major source of carbon emission and pollution, also needs to continuously escalate and update existing technologies to achieve economic and environmental balance. A gas‐electric hybrid system based on the traditional power system, combined with natural gas power generation technology, effectively reduces the pollutant emissions. This study proposes the mathematical model of the gas‐electric hybrid system and establishes a uniform Jacobian matrix by the Newton–Raphson method to analyse the influence of the coupling factors, especially the compressors, on the operation of the hybrid system. Finally, according to the results, some reasonable operation recommendations are made for the gas‐electric hybrid system.
Mechanism and characteristic analyses of subsynchronous oscillations caused by the interactions between direct‐drive wind turbines and weak AC power systems
Authors: Liu Wei , Xie Xiaorong , Liu Huakun , He Jingbo
Published: November 2017

Recently, serious subsynchronous oscillation (SSO) events have occurred frequently due to the increasing interactions of direct‐drive wind turbines with power systems. This emerging SSO would cause the action of the torsional vibration protection and trip the turbine generators. To ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system and to avoid unnecessary oscillations, the mechanism and characteristics of such SSOs are investigated. In this study, the Hami power system in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region is taken as an example to illustrate the factors of this kind of SSO. Firstly, a study model is established according to the actual situation of this power system. Then, the topological structure and main parameters of the model are investigated in detail. In addition the control approaches, which are included in the model, are also elaborated. Finally, simulation analyses based on power system computer aided design (PSCAD)/electromagnetic transients including DC (EMTDC) are carried out to investigate the impact of the various factors on the characteristics of SSO. The presented model and results offer a reference for future research on this emerging SSO.
Average value model of grid side converter in PMSG for system‐level studies
Authors: Song Yankan , Chen Ying , Huang Shaowei , Yu Zhitong , Qiao Yuan
Published: November 2017

In recent years, the subsynchronous oscillation phenomena have been observed in the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based wind farms. Therefore, to design an accurate and efficient model for PMSG wind generator becomes an important issue for related stability studies. In this study, an average value model (AVM) for the grid side converter of PMSG is proposed, which can be easily implemented in traditional electromagnetic transients simulation programme. The proposed AVM model consists of an optional DC–DC boost converter, a crowbar protection circuit, and a DC–AC voltage source inverter. Numerical tests are performed for both the AVM and the detailed PMSG model on PSCAD with different scenarios, including both the slow transients studies and fast transient fault analysis. Simulation results of the proposed average value model show good consistency with those of the detailed PMSG model while providing significant speedups. Such characteristics indicate that the proposed model is accurate and efficient for system‐level dynamic research.
Combined active and reactive power control strategy to improve power system frequency stability with DFIGs
Authors: Tu Congwei , Cao Jun , He Lei , Fang Ye
Published: November 2017

The increasing penetration of wind farms in the electricity grid will have a larger impact of grid operations. This requires wind farms to have the ability to assist in some of the power system control services. Frequency is one of the most important services. Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), as a widely used machine in modern wind industries; however, its rotor speed is decoupled from the frequency in the power system and thus DFIG cannot response effectively when there's a frequency fluctuation. This paper proposes a combined active and reactive power control strategy to let DFIGs support primary frequency control. This strategy consists of two parts: One is active power control part based on virtual inertial control, the other is reactive power control part based on the theory that active power of the load is sensitive to the bus voltage magnitude. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by simulation analysis using MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results prove that it can improve the frequency stability of power systems with wind farms. Meanwhile, compare with the strategy only have one of the two control parts, the proposed strategy can further optimise the capability of DFIGs to participate in frequency regulation.
Resonant control of grid‐side converter in wind power system under voltage distortion
Authors: Zheng Xue‐mei , Pang Song‐nan , Li He
Published: November 2017

This study takes the grid‐side converter as the research object, and systematically analyses the behaviour characteristics of grid‐connected current, output active power, reactive power and DC bus voltage under unbalanced grid voltage and harmonic distortion. Meanwhile, the limitation of traditional vector control is put forward, and also an improved vector control strategy based on resonant controller is designed. The simulation results in PLECS/MATLAB show that the proposed control strategy can achieve the desired objective.
Distribution system planning incorporating distributed generation and cyber system vulnerability
Authors: Wang HongHao , Shi Libao , Ni Yixin
Published: November 2017

An optimisation model for distribution network expansion is proposed to acquire the optimal economical scheme by planning the installation of distributed generations (DGs) as well as the investment on newly constructed lines. The scenario‐based method is employed to deal with the uncertainties of DGs including wind generation and photovoltaic units together with energy storage devices. Especially, the model highlights the cyber security requirements as additional constrains by means of introducing a risk index to evaluate the vulnerability of cyber system, and the payoff of cyber system failure is estimated by the load losses after the load shedding operations for the sake of system security and reliability. An improved genetic algorithm is applied to solve the aforementioned optimisation model. Finally, case studies are carried out on the 16‐bus system with typical substation automation architecture to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and method.
Architecture and security protection scheme for distributed new energy public service platform with hybrid cloud system
Authors: Zhu Daohua , Guo Yajuan , Chen Jinming , Li Yan , Jiang Haitao
Published: November 2017

As the Internet of energy strategy was put forward, massive distributed new energies, representing a new pattern of energy consumption and production are emerging among end users. In order to provide services based on distributed new energy for multiple social bodies, the authors need to establish a public service platform. The authors provide the detailed design of the public service platform, including function analyses, architecture design of hybrid cloud system etc. Then the authors propose the security protection scheme for such a hybrid cloud system.
Deep‐learning‐based scenario generation strategy considering correlation between multiple wind farms
Authors: Xu Yuan , Shi Libao , Ni Yixin
Published: November 2017

It is important to model the future scenarios of wind farm power output in enhancing capability of wind power accommodation and decreasing wind power curtailment. A scenario generation strategy considering the correlation between multiple wind farms is proposed. A convolutional neural network combined with quantile regression technique is introduced to achieve detailed quantiles of corresponding predicted wind power output, which can be regarded as the cumulative distribution function (CDF) by approximation. Marginal conditional probability density function (PDF) for each wind farm can be constructed from the CDF. A copula function‐based method is used to form the joint PDF of multiple wind farm power outputs from the marginal PDF constructed before. By inversing the joint PDF, the required scenario set can be formed. In case studies, the proposed strategy is tested with two wind farms data, and the simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Nitrogen and hydrogen fractionation in high-mass star-forming cores from observations of HCN and HNC
Authors: Colzi L. , Fontani F. , Caselli P. , Ceccarelli C. , Hily-Blant P. , Bizzocchi L.
Published: November 2017

The ratio between the two stable isotopes of nitrogen, 14N and 15N, is well measured in the terrestrial atmosphere (~272), and for the pre-solar nebula (~441, deduced from the solar wind). Interestingly, some pristine solar system materials show enrichments in 15N with respect to the pre-solar nebula value. However, it is not yet clear if and how these enrichments are linked to the past chemical history because we have only a limited number of measurements in dense star-forming regions. In this respect, dense cores, which are believed to be the precursors of clusters and also contain intermediate- and high-mass stars, are important targets because the solar system was probably born within a rich stellar cluster, and such clusters are formed in high-mass star-forming regions. The number of observations in such high-mass dense cores has remained limited so far. In this work, we show the results of IRAM-30 m observations of the J = 1−0 rotational transition of the molecules HCN and HNC and their 15N-bearing counterparts towards 27 intermediate- and high-mass dense cores that are divided almost equally into three evolutionary categories: high-mass starless cores, high-mass protostellar objects, and ultra-compact Hii regions. We have also observed the DNC(2–1) rotational transition in order to search for a relation between the isotopic ratios D/H and 14N/15N. We derive average 14N/15N ratios of 359 ± 16 in HCN and of 438 ± 21 in HNC, with a dispersion of about 150–200. We find no trend of the 14N/15N ratio with evolutionary stage. This result agrees with what has been found for N2H+ and its isotopologues in the same sources, although the 14N/15N ratios from N2H+ show a higher dispersion than in HCN/HNC, and on average, their uncertainties are larger as well. Moreover, we have found no correlation between D/H and 14N/15N in HNC. These findings indicate that (1) the chemical evolution does not seem to play a role in the fractionation of nitrogen, and that (2) the fractionation of hydrogen and nitrogen in these objects is not related.
Search for γ-ray emission from superluminous supernovae with the Fermi-LAT
Authors: Renault-Tinacci N. , Kotera K. , Neronov A. , Ando S.
Published: November 2017

We present the first individual and stacking systematic search for γ-ray emission in the GeV band in the directions of 45 superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). No excess of γ-rays from the SLSN positions was found. We report γ-ray luminosity upper limits and discuss the implication of these results on the origin of SLSNe and, in particular, the scenario of central compact object-aided SNe. From the stacking search, we derived an upper limit at 95% confidence level to the γ-ray luminosity (above 600 MeV) Lγ < 9.1 × 1041 erg s−1 for an assumed E−2 photon spectrum for our full SLSN sample. We conclude that the rate of the neutron stars born with millisecond rotation periods P ≲ 2 ms and B ~ 1012−13 G must be lower than the rate of the observed SLSNe. The luminosity limits obtained on individual sources are also constraining: in particular, SN2013fc, CSS140222, SN2010kd, and PTF12dam can only be born with millisecond periods if B ≲ 1013 G.
What makes red quasars red?
Authors: Kim Dohyeong , Im Myungshin
Published: November 2017

Red quasars are very red in the optical through near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, which is possibly due to dust extinction in their host galaxies as expected in a scenario in which red quasars are an intermediate population between merger-driven star-forming galaxies and unobscured type 1 quasars. However, alternative mechanisms also exist to explain their red colors: (i) an intrinsically red continuum; (ii) an unusual high covering factor of the hot dust component, that is, CFHD=LHD∕Lbol, where theLHDis the luminosity from the hot dust component and theLbolis the bolometric luminosity; and (iii) a moderate viewing angle. In order to investigate why red quasars are red, we studied optical and NIR spectra of 20 red quasars atz~ 0.3 and 0.7, where the usage of the NIR spectra allowed us to look into red quasar properties in ways that are little affected by dust extinction. The Paschen to Balmer line ratios were derived for 13 red quasars and the values were found to be ~10 times higher than unobscured type 1 quasars, suggesting a heavy dust extinction withAV> 2.5 mag. Furthermore, the Paschen to Balmer line ratios of red quasars are difficult to explain with plausible physical conditions without adopting the concept of the dust extinction. The CFHDof red quasars are similar to, or marginally higher than, those of unobscured type 1 quasars. The Eddington ratios, computed for 19 out of 20 red quasars, are higher than those of unobscured type 1 quasars (by factors of 3−5), and hence the moderate viewing angle scenario is disfavored. Consequently, these results strongly suggest the dust extinction that is connected to an enhanced nuclear activity as the origin of the red color of red quasars, which is consistent with the merger-driven quasar evolution scenario.