bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les personnes âgées immigrantes et leurs proches à Montréal : des vies oubliées durant la pandémie
Authors: Brotman Shari , Simard Julien , Hanley Jill , Raymond Émilie , Delgado Pascual
Published: December 2022

Malgré l’attention renouvelée de plusieurs médias sur la question des risques liés à la COVID-19 au sein de diverses communautés marginalisées au Québec, nous entendons encore très peu parler des personnes âgées immigrantes et de leurs proches. Dans cette note sur les politiques et pratiques, nous aborderons l’expérience du contexte pandémique chez les personnes âgées immigrantes montréalaises et leurs réseaux. Nous présenterons d’abord quelques données sociodémographiques sur les immigrants âgés montréalais. Nous exposerons ensuite nos constats sur les impacts de la COVID-19 sur les personnes âgées immigrantes, en particulier en ce qui concerne l’accès aux soins de la santé et aux services sociaux, la proche-aidance, l’emploi et le logement, à partir de nos travaux et de la littérature en gérontologie sociale. Nous terminerons en proposant quelques recommandations qui permettraient d’améliorer l’inclusion sociale des personnes âgées immigrantes et de leurs proches, autant en matière de politiques publiques que de pratiques sur le terrain.
The association between language exposure and nonword repetition performance in bilingual children: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Farabolini Gianmatteo , Taboh Analí R. , Ceravolo Maria Gabriella , Guerra Federico
Published: December 2022

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between nonword repetition (NWR) and language exposure in bilingual children and explored whether the association is influenced by other variables. We performed a blind literature review on ERIC and Google Scholar, a random-effects model meta-analysis and subgroup analyses to test potential moderators. Out of 822 screened articles, we identified 24 works including 1399 children. Significant associations were found using either cumulative or current exposure, language-like nonwords, phoneme NWR scoring, in children with typical language development. Nonsignificant associations were found in studies either using age of first exposure, on children older than six, with less than 50 participants, using NWR lists containing 16-24 nonwords or with participants having different native languages. Weak associations were found when considering whole-word scoring or gray literature. We highlight the contributions of different variables to NWR, and evidence to optimally design NWR for bilingual language assessment.
Stochastic Volatility Modeling of Daily Streamflow Time Series
Authors: Wang Huimin , Song Songbai , Zhang Gengxi , Ayantobo Olusola O. , Guo Tianli
Published: December 2022

Under the changing climate, the natural characteristics of hydrological processes are assumed to have been intensified, and the volatility of these processes to have increased significantly. However, the applicability of traditional time series analysis methods and the commonly used Gaussian GARCH (Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity) to streamflow modeling has been limited. Although SV‐type (stochastic volatility) models have appeared as competitive alternatives to GARCH‐type models owing to their flexibility in modeling volatilities, they have not been applied in hydrological studies. Therefore, this study assesses the applicability of SV models to streamflow modeling using daily streamflow series from 21 hydrological stations in the Yellow River basin. Considering the influence of different types of GARCH and residual distributions, 7 hybrid models with variance fluctuation (fractional autoregressive integrated moving average‐GARCH) based on 9 distributions are compared to determine the optimal model for each station. Then 4 SV‐type models are introduced and compared with the results of the optimal GARCH‐type model to verify their applicability. The results show that: (a) the Gaussian distribution is not applicable in both GARCH‐type and SV‐type models for modeling daily streamflow; (b) although the GARCH‐type models are shown to describe the volatility of streamflow processes and improve the modeling performance, large residuals have been observed in the results of the analysis during the peak flow period; and (c) SV‐type models can better describe the streamflow series with time‐varying variance and accurately capture the occurrence of peak streamflow. The findings of this study offer practical and promising time series analysis methods for daily streamflow modeling.
Real‐Time Seismogeodetic Earthquake Magnitude Estimates for Local Tsunami Warnings
Authors: Golriz Dorian , Hirshorn Barry , Bock Yehuda , Weinstein Stuart , Weiss Jonathan R.
Published: December 2022

We estimate a seismogeodetic earthquake moment magnitude using unclipped, broadband velocity and displacement waveforms from collocated Global Navigation Satellite Systems and seismic stations located within 800 km epicentral distance for nine 7.2 <  < 9.1 earthquakes. We consider the vertical component of seismogeodetic displacement as an approximate source time function and integrate the associated time series to obtain the seismic moment. By continuing to integrate vertical displacement beyond the initial P‐waves, we obtain rapid estimates of that are within 0.2 magnitude units for 8 thrust faulting events and within 0.3 units for the single normal faulting event. Because our estimates of the seismic moment are based on the maximum value of integrated displacement, no regression against other source parameters, or distance, is necessary. Our new method shows promise for integration into earthquake and local tsunami early warning systems, including tsunami earthquakes characterized by relatively slow moment release over a longer rupture time, and earthquakes with complex source time functions.
Flume Investigation Into Mechanisms Responsible for Particle Sorting in Gravel‐Bed Meandering Channels
Authors: White Daniel C. , Nelson Peter A.
Published: December 2022

Meandering gravel‐bed rivers tend to exhibit bed surface sorting patterns with coarse particles located in pools and fine particles on bar tops. The mechanism by which these patterns emerge has been explored in sand‐bed reaches; however, for gravel‐bed meandering channels it remains poorly understood. Here we present results from a flume experiment in which bed morphology, velocity, sediment sorting patterns, and bed load transport were intensively documented. The experimental channel is 1.35 m wide, 15.2 m long, and its centerline follows a sine‐generated curve with a crossing angle of 20°. Water and sediment input were held constant throughout the experiment and measurements were collected under quasi‐equilibrium conditions. Boundary shear stress calculated from near‐bed velocity measurements indicates that in a channel with mild sinuosity, deposition of fine particles on bars is a result of divergent shear stress at the inside bend of the channel, downstream of the apex. Boundary shear stress in the upstream half of the pool was below critical for coarse particles (>8 mm), leading to an armored pool. Inward directed selective transport was responsible for winnowing of fine particles in the pool. Fine and coarse sediment followed similar trajectories through the meander bend, which contrasts earlier studies of sand‐bedded meanders where the loci of fine and coarse particles cross paths. This suggests a different sorting mechanism for gravel bends. This experiment shows that a complex interaction of quasi‐equilibrium bed topography, selective sediment transport, and secondary currents are responsible for the sorting patterns seen in gravel‐bed, meandering channels.
Peripheral blood cellular immunophenotype in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Foley Éimear M. , Parkinson Joel T. , Mitchell Ruth E. , Turner Lorinda , Khandaker Golam M.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Meta-analyses implicate immune dysfunction in depression confirming increased levels of circulating immune proteins (e.g., cytokines) in depression cases compared to controls. White blood cells (WBC) both produce and are influenced by cytokines, and play key roles in orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses, but their role in depression remains unclear. Therefore, a systematic review of studies of various WBC subsets in depression is required for a greater understanding of the nature of immune dysfunction in this illness.

Methods

We searched PubMed and PsycINFO databases (inception to 5th April 2022) and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of identified studies comparing absolute count and/or relative percentage of flow cytometry-derived WBC subsets between depression cases and controls. Selected studies were quality assessed. Random-effect meta-analysis was performed.

Results

Thirty-three studies were included and 27 studies (n = 2277) were meta-analysed. We report an increase in mean absolute counts of WBC (seven studies; standardised mean difference [SMD] = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.61–1.53; P < 0.01; I2 = 64%), granulocytes (two studies; SMD = 2.07; 95% CI, 1.45–2.68; P < 0.01; I2 = 0%), neutrophils (four studies; SMD = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.23–1.58; P < 0.01; I2 = 82%), monocytes (seven studies; SMD = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.19–1.01; P < 0.01; I2 = 66%), CD4+ helper T cells (11 studies; SMD = 0.30; 95% CI, 0.15–0.45; P < 0.01; I2 = 0%), natural killer cells (11 studies; SMD = 1.23; 95% CI, 0.38–2.08; P < 0.01; I2 = 95%), B cells (10 studies; SMD = 0.30; 95% CI, 0.03–0.57; P = 0.03; I2 = 56%), and activated T cells (eight studies; SMD = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.24–0.66; P < 0.01; I2 = 0%) in depression, compared to controls. Fewer studies reported relative percentage, indicating increased neutrophils and decreased total lymphocytes, Th1, and Th2 cells in depression.

Conclusions

Depression is characterised by widespread alterations in circulating myeloid and lymphoid cells, consistent with dysfunction in both innate and adaptive immunity. Immune cells could be useful biomarkers for illness subtyping and patient stratification in future immunotherapy trials of depression, along with cytokines, other biomarkers, and clinical measures.
Good practice recommendations to better coordinate the management of oncological pain: a Delphi survey
Authors: Escobar Yolanda , Margarit César , Pérez-Hernández Concepción , Quintanar Teresa , Virizuela Juan A.
Published: December 2022

Treatment of oncological pain is complex and requires a multidisciplinary management approach between oncology services and pain units. Although significant improvements have been achieved in the treatment and overall survival of cancer patients, the management of oncological pain has not followed the same directions. Many patients are not referred to pain units even though they could benefit from it. The purpose of this Delphi survey was to map the current situation in the management of cancer pain, identify barriers and propose recommendations to improve its management by emphasizing the importance of collaboration and coordination between oncology services and pain units. A survey among members with recognized experience in the management of oncology patients and oncological pain was held based on the Delphi method principles. The experts were asked to vote preselected statements on cancer pain management in two rounds and conclusions and recommendations were formulated based on the consensus reached for each statement. Barriers and areas for improvement were identified: need of multidisciplinary management approach, effective communication between oncology services and pain units, timely referral of cancer patients to pain units, training of health care professionals dealing with cancer aspects and identification of those patients that could benefit from a multidisciplinary management of their oncological disease. The experts issued recommendations targeting the identified barriers and areas for improvement by defining the service requirements of hospital and units treating cancer pain patients, establishing referral pathways necessities and adopted measures to improve the care of cancer patients.
A two-mediator serial mediation chain of the association between social isolation and impaired sleep in old age
Authors: Gyasi Razak M. , Abass Kabila , Segbefia Alexander Yao , Afriyie Kwadwo , Asamoah Edward , Boampong Mary Sefa , Adam Anokye M. , Owusu-Dabo Ellis
Published: December 2022

Poor sleep is a long-term public health issue that has become increasingly prevalent among socially isolated older adults. However, research on the mechanisms explaining the link between social isolation and impaired sleep (IS) remains limited, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study explored the serial mediating effects of loneliness and mental distress on the association of social isolation with IS among Ghanaian older adults. We analyzed data from 1201 adults aged ≥ 50 from Ghana's AgeHeaPsyWel–HeaSeeB study (mean age = 66.14, SD = 11.85, age range = 50–111; women = 63.28%). Measures included the UCLA 3-item Loneliness Scale, modified Berkman–Syme Social Network Index, Sleep Quality Scale, and Mental Distress Questionnaire. We used bootstrapping techniques from Hayes’ PROCESS macro program to estimate the hypothesized serial mediation. Social isolation was significantly associated with IS (β = 0.242, p < 0.001). Crucially, social isolation indirectly predicted IS via three significant mediating pathways. Loneliness accounted for 17.6% (β = 0.054, CI = 0.096, 0.016), mental distress accounted for 6.5% (β = 0.020, 95% CI = 0.004, 0.040), and loneliness and mental distress accounted for 32.2% (β = 0.099, 95% CI = 0.065, 0.138) of the overall effect. The total mediating effect was 56.4%. These findings suggest that the social isolation-sleep link is respectively and serially explained by loneliness and mental distress. Social integrative interventions for sleep quality in old age should target mental and emotional well-being.
Multi-omics investigation reveals functional specialization of transcriptional cyclin dependent kinases in cancer biology
Authors: Donovan Micah G. , Galbraith Matthew D. , Espinosa Joaquin M.
Published: December 2022

Transcriptional addiction is recognized as a valid therapeutic target in cancer, whereby the dependency of cancer cells on oncogenic transcriptional regulators may be pharmacologically exploited. However, a comprehensive understanding of the key factors within the transcriptional machinery that might afford a useful therapeutic window remains elusive. Herein, we present a cross-omics investigation into the functional specialization of the transcriptional cyclin dependent kinases (tCDKs) through analysis of high-content genetic dependency, gene expression, patient survival, and drug response datasets. This analysis revealed specialization among tCDKs in terms of contributions to cancer cell fitness, clinical prognosis, and interaction with oncogenic signaling pathways. CDK7 and CDK9 stand out as the most relevant targets, albeit through distinct mechanisms of oncogenicity and context-dependent contributions to cancer survival and drug sensitivity. Genetic ablation of CDK9, but not CDK7, mimics the effect on cell viability the loss of key components of the transcriptional machinery. Pathway analysis of genetic co-dependency and drug sensitivity data show CDK7 and CDK9 have distinct relationships with major oncogenic signatures, including MYC and E2F targets, oxidative phosphorylation, and the unfolded protein response. Altogether, these results inform the improved design of therapeutic strategies targeting tCDKs in cancer.
Synthesis, characterization and potential sensing application of carbon dots synthesized via the hydrothermal treatment of cow milk
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Kumar Ishant , Gathania Arvind K.
Published: December 2022

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized in this study by hydrothermally treating cow milk. The procedure is simple, non-hazardous to the environment, and does not necessitate the use of any special instruments or chemicals. CQDs were practically almost circular when they were manufactured and had an average size of 7 nm. Carbon (67.36%), oxygen (22.73%), and nitrogen (9.91%) comprised the majority of their composition. They feature broad excitation-emission spectra, excitation-dependent emission, and temperature-dependent photoluminescence. They remained quite stable in the presence of a lot of salt, UV radiation, and storage time. Because luminescence quenching mechanisms are sensitive to and selective for Sn2+, they can be employed to create a nanosensor for detecting Sn2+.
Prevalence and determinants of intercourse without condoms among migrants and refugees in Morocco, 2021: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Essayagh Touria , Essayagh Meriem , Essayagh Firdaous , Rattal Mourad , Bukassa Germain , Lemriss Hajar , Mahdaoui El Khansa , Himmouche Naoufal , Kouyate Mady Fanta , Essayagh Sanah
Published: December 2022

With the world's migratory flow, the risk of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among migrants is increasing. The prevalence of intercourse without condoms with a casual or commercial sex partner, a high-risk sexual behavior for HIV infection, is unknown among migrants. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of intercourse without condoms among migrants and the risk factors associated with not using condoms. In Oujda, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 416 sexually active migrants. We used a multistage sampling method. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with participants to collect socio-demographic information, disease perception, behavioral habits, sexual behavioral habits, and para-clinical parameters. A multivariate logistical regression analysis identified the risk factors associated with high-risk HIV sexual behaviors. The prevalence of intercourse without condoms with a casual or commercial sex partner was 72.8%, with a median age of 25.0 years, and 212 (69.9%) were males. The prevalence of HIV was 0.2%. Being homeless, having difficulty obtaining condoms, and only having a basic education were all risk factors for these sexual behaviors. Migrants with precarious living conditions are at increased risk of having intercourse without condoms. This group must be prioritized by strengthening public health programs targeting the health of migrants as well as the intervention of thematic non-governmental organizations. Vigilant monitoring of the HIV epidemic, with a focus on vulnerable populations, should be a high priority in Morocco.
Imatinib use for gastrointestinal stromal tumors among older patients in Japan and Taiwan
Authors: Ichinose Yuichi , Yang Yi-Hsin , Tsai Hui-Jen , Huang Ru-Yu , Higashi Takahiro , Nishida Toshirou , Chen Li-Tzong
Published: December 2022

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) improve the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). We conducted a retrospective cohort study using cancer registries linked with health utilization data in Japan and Taiwan to assess TKI usage in older and non-older patients. Patients diagnosed with GIST (2012–2014) were categorized into the following: adjuvant and advanced/metastatic settings. The duration and patterns of imatinib therapy were compared between the older (aged ≥ 75 years) and non-older (< 75 years) groups. We included 232 Japanese and 492 Taiwanese patients in the adjuvant setting, and 235 Japanese and 401 Taiwanese patients in the advanced/metastatic setting. Older patients had higher proportions of starting with lower doses (< 400 mg/day) than the non-older patients (adjuvant: 22.5% vs. 4.3% [Japan]; 22.5% vs. 10.9% [Taiwan]; advanced/metastatic: 29.6% vs. 7.2% [Japan]; 32.6% vs. 8.1% [Taiwan]; all p < 0.01). The median time to stop imatinib was shorter in the older than in the non-older patients (adjuvant: 301 vs. 975 days [Japan], 366 vs. 1028 days [Taiwan]; advanced/metastatic: 423 vs. 542 days [Japan]; 366.5 vs. 837 days [Taiwan]). More older patients with GIST tended to have TKIs at a lower initial dose and a shorter imatinib duration than the non-older patients.
A porous Ti-based metal–organic framework for CO2photoreduction and imidazole-dependent anhydrous proton conduction
Authors: Qu Jian-Xin , Fu Yao-Mei , Meng Xing , He Yu-Ou , Sun Hong-Xu , Yang Rui-gang , Wang Hai-Ning , Su Zhong-Min
Published: December 2022

A porous metal–organic framework for imidazole-dependent anhydrous proton conduction and photocatalytic CO2reduction.
Intercalation-induced amorphous hydrated vanadium oxide for boosted aqueous Zn2+storage
Authors: Chen Duo , Wang Boran , Cui Xueliang , Yang Hang , Lu Mengjie , Cai Dong , Han Wei
Published: December 2022

An amorphous hydrated vanadium oxide induced by Zn2+intercalation is employed to serve as a high-performance cathode material for zinc-ion batteries.
Data-driven approach for benchmarking DFTB-approximate excited state methods
Authors: Bertoni Andrés I. , Sánchez Cristián G.
Published: December 2022

We propose a chemically-informed data-driven approach to benchmark approximate density-functional tight-binding (DFTB) excited state (ES) methods that are currently available within the DFTB+ suite, using data from a machine learning (ML) dataset.
3D chrysanthemum-like g-C3N4/TiO2 as an efficient visible-light-driven Z-scheme hybrid photocatalyst for tetracycline degradation
Authors: Yu Jia , Zhang Chuanxiang , Yang Yulin , Su Ting , Yi Guiyun , Zhang Xiuxiu
Published: December 2022

3D chrysanthemum-like g-C3N4/TiO2 with a Z-scheme heterostructure is prepared via an in situ hydrothermal method and shows remarkable degradation performance toward tetracycline.
Sustainable organic waste management using vermicomposting: a critical review on the prevailing research gaps and opportunities
Authors: Thirunavukkarasu Arunachalam , Sivashankar Raja , Nithya Rajarathinam , Sathya Arunachalam Bose , Priyadharshini Venkatachalam , Kumar Balakrishnan Prem , Muthuveni Murugan , Krishnamoorthy Sakthishobana
Published: December 2022

Overview of vermicomposting and its prevailing research gaps.
Urban runoff drives titanium dioxide engineered particle concentrations in urban watersheds: field measurements
Authors: Nabi Md Mahmudun , Wang Jingjing , Erfani Mahdi , Goharian Erfan , Baalousha Mohammed
Published: December 2022

Urban runoff is a significant source of pollutants, including incidental and engineered nanoparticles, to receiving surface waters.
In situ hollow nanoarchitectonics of MIL-88A@Co(OH)2 composites for supercapacitors and oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: Jiang Shuyao , Li Shuke , Liu Zhejun , Xu Yanchao , Zhang Yubin , Zhang Ling , Xu Yanqiu , Li Shasha , Jiao Yang , Chen Jianrong
Published: December 2022

The Co(OH)2 conductive channel strategy was designed to improve the electrochemical performance of MiL-88A.
Precisely designed Fex (x = 1–2) cluster nanocatalysts for effective nanocatalytic tumor therapy
Authors: Meng Yanfei , Zhang Dongsheng , Song Yingzi , Yang Xinyi , Gao Yongli , Ma Jun , Hu Zunfu , Zheng Xiuwen
Published: December 2022

The precisely designed Fe2 cluster nanocatalyst has superior dual catalytic activity, which can induce ROS accumulation and promote effective nanocatalytic tumor therapy.
Anode-free Na metal batteries developed by nearly fully reversible Na plating on the Zn surface
Authors: Dahunsi Olusola John , Gao Siyuan , Kaelin Jacob , Li Bomin , Abdul Razak Iddrisu B. , An Bowen , Cheng Yingwen
Published: December 2022

Na plating and stripping on Zn surfaces exhibits >99.9% faradaic efficiency for a range of current densities with a 1.0 M NaPF6 in a diglyme-based electrolyte. This enabled anode-free Na metal batteries with ∼90% capacity retention over 100 cycles.
Ultrasound-activated luminescence with color tunability enabled by mechanoluminescent colloids and perovskite quantum dots
Authors: Yang Fan , Cui Han , Wu Xiang , Kim Seong-Jong , Hong Guosong
Published: December 2022

Focused ultrasound-activated flexible pixel array enabled by energy transfer between the mechanoluminescent nanocrystal and the perovskite quantum dot.
Surface immobilization of nitrogen-coordinated iron atoms: a facile and efficient strategy toward MNC sites with superior catalytic activities
Authors: Hou Qiankun , Yang Nan , Liu Kang , Ding De , Lei Yongpeng , Liu Min , Chen Yin
Published: December 2022

By immobilization FeNxsites on the porous substrate surface, stable atomically dispersed iron electrocatalyst with high-performance and high-metal content was rationally produced in quantitative yield and large-scaleviaa simple two-step process.
Dynamic identification of logistics critical roads based on BeiDou trajectory data
Authors: Sun Baofeng , Nie Liaodong , Wang Wei , Sun Yu , Li Han
Published: December 2022

The convergency and diffusion behaviours of truck information derived from BeiDou trajectory data are extremely useful in improving the capacity of logistics critical roads (LCR) in industrial parks. In this paper, a novel dynamic identification method of LCR is proposed for traffic refined organization in industrial parks. The structural importance method is built in the first step to assess the theoretical importance of road network structure. The logistics attractiveness of the road is then measured using a business circle model with built environment and truck behaviour factors. In the third step, the real‐time road selectivity is calculated using the K‐Average Nearest Neighbour Density‐Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (KANN—DBSCAN) algorithm to assess road vulnerability. Finally, LCR are identified by solving the road criticality based on the aforementioned parameters. The method is validated by comparing the predicted LCR with the factual LCR in a case study of Hongqi town and relative BeiDou data. The conformity of the proposed method with reality is > 85%. The authors reveal some rules at various times: Logistics factors are more important in LCR in industrial parks. LCR with heavy passenger traffic have a significant tide, and those with heavy freight traffic are strongly correlated with production plans.
Estimating number of group targets arranged in linear array via forward‐backward matrix pencil method
Authors: Sun Xiyuan , Li Shixi , Gu Pengfei , He Zi , Ding Dazhi , Guo Shaoqing , Li You
Published: December 2022

An efficient number estimation method is proposed for target detection by using the forward‐backward matrix pencil method. Compared with the traditional parameter estimation methods, the proposed method can work well even for sparse signals. At first, the radar cross section of the group targets arranged in linear array is obtained at some certain angles or frequencies. Then, the Hankel‐Toeplitz matrix is constructed from the known radar echoes, and the singular value decomposition is performed on this matrix. Finally, the number of the group targets arranged in linear array can be accurately estimated by setting an appropriate threshold to select the singular value with a large proportion. In addition, the influence of different signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNR) on the estimation results is also discussed. In order to enhance the accuracy, several groups of different echoes are used to estimate the number of group targets jointly. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective and accurate in estimating the number of group targets arranged in linear array. Moreover, the estimation result of the proposed method in this paper is not affected by the noise, which shows that this method has better robustness.
Highly focussed beampattern synthesis in FDA‐MIMO radar with multicarrier transmission
Authors: Geng Langhuan , Li Yong , Cheng Wei , Dong Limeng , Tan Yumei
Published: December 2022

Multicarrier technology is widely used for improving the performance of beampattern synthesis in frequency diverse array multiple‐input and multiple‐output (FDA‐MIMO) Radar. However, how to use multicarrier technology to achieve highly focussed beampattern synthesis is still an open problem. To this end, the authors first establish the system model of FDA‐MIMO radar with multicarrier transmission and analyse the parameters influencing beampattern synthesis by Cramér–Rao lower bound derivation. It can be recognised that frequency increments and multicarrier distribution are key parameters hindering highly focussed beampattern synthesis. On top of the investigation, a simple yet effective Multidimensional Non‐linear Frequency Component, named multidimensional frequency components (MNFC), is proposed for forming a highly focussed beam. Specifically, MNFC is a two‐dimension frequency component for FDA‐MIMO radar. The first dimension is the frequency increment weighted by the Dynamic Taylor Window Function that effectively decouples the joint‐range‐angle beampattern. The second dimension is a non‐linear multicarrier weighted by Log with a Linear Coefficient for further optimising dot‐shaped beampatterns for target indication with high precision. Finally, numerical simulations and comparative experiments are performed to validate the superiority of the MNFC in beampattern synthesis.
Cardiovascular Disease in Women: What the Radiologist Needs to Know
Authors: Sommer Oliver Josef , Hergan Klaus
Published: December 2022

Background Sex-specific disparities are well documented for cardiovascular disease (CVD). There are differences in physiology and pathophysiology, pain perception, spectrum of disease, risk, therapeutic aspects, prognosis, and outcome. CVD represents a broad spectrum of disorders. This review focuses on cardiovascular and cardiac pathology.

Method This review summarizes the current state of the literature on cardiovascular disease in women from a radiological viewpoint. It aims to provide a deeper understanding of these differences and thereby alerts the reader to the potential of CT and MRI for diagnosing CVD in women. Special attention is paid to disparities in the underlying physiological and pathophysiological processes, clinical presentation, and the quality of care to provide a deep understanding of the topic. Cardiovascular and cardiac pathologies with a sex-specific pattern of disease are presented and typical CT and MRI findings are arranged and illustrated with imaging findings.

Results and Conclusion Sex-specific differences are not only sex hormonal in nature but are rooted in the epigenome and encompass a multitude of physiological systems. In fact, cardiovascular disease shows sex-specific characteristics spanning from incidence to clinical presentation, course of disease, and prognosis. This is of significance regarding pretest probabilities, the power of tests, imaging strategies, and interpretation of imaging results. Key sex-specific issues encompass obstructive and non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), microvascular angina, myocardial infarction with non-obstructive CAD, and coronary artery dissection. Sex-specific patterns are also noted in myocardial disease and heart failure such as pregnancy-related heart disease, Takotsubo syndrome, and anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.

Key points:
Volumetric Evaluation of 3D Multi-Gradient-Echo MRI Data to Assess Whole Liver Iron Distribution by Segmental R2* Analysis: First Experience
Authors: Wunderlich Arthur P , Cario Holger , Kannengießer Stephan , Grunau Veronika , Hering Lena , Götz Michael , Beer Meinrad , Schmidt Stefan Andreas
Published: December 2022

Purpose MR transverse relaxation rate R2* has been shown to be useful for monitoring liver iron overload. A sequence enabling acquisition of the whole liver in a single breath hold is now available, thus allowing volumetric hepatic R2* distribution studies. We evaluated the feasibility of computer-assisted whole liver segmentation of 3 D multi-gradient-echo MRI data, and compared whole liver R2* determination to analyzing only a single slice. Also, segmental R2* differences were studied.

Materials and Methods The liver of 44 patients, investigated by multi-gradient echo MRI at 1.5 T, was segmented and divided into nine segments. Segmental R2* values were examined for all patients together and with respect to two criteria: average R2* values, and reason for iron overload. Correlation of single-slice and volumetric data was tested with Spearman’s rank test, segmental and group differences were evaluated by analysis of variance.

Results Whole-liver R2* values correlated excellent to single slice data (p < 0.001). The lowest R2* occurred in segment 1 (S1), differences of S1 with regard to other segments were significant in five cases and highly significant in two cases. Patients with high average R2* showed significant differences between S1 and segments 2, 6, and 7. Disease-related differences with respect to S1 were significant in segments 3 to 5 and 7.

Conclusion Our results suggest inhomogeneous hepatic iron distribution. Low R2* in S1 may be explained by its special vascularization.

Key Points 

Citation Format
Remote-Microphone Benefit in Noise and Reverberation for Children Who are Hard of Hearing
Authors: Lewis Dawna , Spratford Meredith , Stecker G. Christopher , McCreery Ryan W.
Published: December 2022

Abstract Background Remote-microphone (RM) systems are designed to reduce the impact of poor acoustics on speech understanding. However, there is limited research examining the effects of adding reverberation to noise on speech understanding when using hearing
aids (HAs) and RM systems. Given the significant challenges posed by environments with poor acoustics for children who are hard of hearing, we evaluated the ability of a novel RM system to address the effects of noise and reverberation. Purpose We assessed the effect of a recently
developed RM system on aided speech perception of children who were hard of hearing in noise and reverberation and how their performance compared to peers who are not hard of hearing (i.e., who have hearing thresholds no greater than 15 dB HL). The effect of aided speech audibility
on sentence recognition when using an RM system also was assessed. Study Sample Twenty-two children with mild to severe hearing loss and 17 children who were not hard of hearing (i.e., with hearing thresholds no greater than 15 dB HL) (7‐18 years) participated.
Data Collection and Analysis An adaptive procedure was used to determine the signal-to-noise ratio for 50 and 95% correct sentence recognition in noise and noise plus reverberation (RT 300 ms). Linear mixed models were used to examine the effect of listening conditions on
speech recognition with RMs for both groups of children and the effects of aided audibility on performance across all listening conditions for children who were hard of hearing. Results Children who were hard of hearing had poorer speech recognition for HAs alone than for HAs
plus RM. Regardless of hearing status, children had poorer speech recognition in noise plus reverberation than in noise alone. Children who were hard of hearing had poorer speech recognition than peers with thresholds no greater than 15 dB HL when using HAs alone but comparable or better
speech recognition with HAs plus RM. Children with better-aided audibility with the HAs showed better speech recognition with the HAs alone and with HAs plus RM. Conclusion Providing HAs that maximize speech audibility and coupling them with RM systems has the potential to
improve communication access and outcomes for children who are hard of hearing in environments with noise and reverberation.
Interconsultas urológicas a un Servicio de Ética Clínica en un hospital de IV nivel
Authors: Monroy Gabriela , Bohórquez Quintero Diana Carolina , Moreno Ormanza Diana , Silva Herrera Jose Miguel
Published: December 2022

Objetivo Los problemas éticos tienen una gran importancia en discusiones teóricas en la medicina, y este estudio tiene como objetivo caracterizar a los pacientes urológicos cuyos casos fueron motivos de consulta al Servicio de Ética Clínica (SEC) institucional de un hospital de IV nivel para comprender los dilemas éticos prevalentes en la práctica diaria de la urología y su abordaje.

Materiales y Métodos Estudio descriptivo en el que se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de las historias clínicas de 20 pacientes urológicos interconsultados al SEC de un hospital de IV nivel. Se evaluó la frecuencia de las siguientes variables: diagnóstico, estadio funcional y clínico en el momento del diagnóstico, tiempo de evolución, tratamientos, y tipo de dilema ético motivo de la interconsulta.

Resultados Desde enero de 2018, el SEC del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio ha respondido 1.123 interconsultas, y se vio un aumento significativo de las mismas en 2020 por razón de la pandemia de enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, en inglés). De estas interconsultas, solamente trece corresponden a pacientes con patología urológica de base, y siete, a compromiso urológico secundario. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue carcinoma de próstata en estadio IV, seguido de carcinoma urotelial avanzado. Predominó el tratamiento adecuado; solamente tres se diagnosticaron en ese momento, y no alcanzaron a recibir tratamiento. El principal dilema ético encontrado tuvo que ver con proporcionalidad al final de la vida, en dos casos, con respeto de la autonomía del paciente, incluida una solicitud de eutanasia.

Conclusión El tamizaje establecido y los tratamientos efectivos tempranos se podrían reflejar en la baja frecuencia de situaciones clínicas extremas conducentes a la toma de decisiones al final de la vida, que serían dirigidas, entonces, ya sea a la reorientación del esfuerzo terapéutico, al plan de fin de vida, o a eutanasia.
A Retrospective Short-Term Evaluation Using a Polyaxial Plating System in 60 Small Animal Fractures
Authors: Mascellino Haley , Maritato Karl , Barnhart Matthew , Kass Philip
Published: December 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the use, complications and outcomes of the Liberty Lock System (LLS) used to repair fractures in dogs and cats.

Study Design Medical records (October 2016–June 2019) of dog and cat fractures repaired with the LLS were reviewed. Data reviewed included signalment, fracture classification, complications and radiographic outcome.

Results The LLS was used to repair 60 fractures (57 appendicular and 3 axial) in 54 dogs and 6 cats. Mean time to radiographic union was 6 weeks (range: 4–16). Radiographic union was achieved in all 60 fractures with 55/60 healing without recorded complications. Major complications 4/60 and minor complication 1/60 rates were low and no catastrophic complications occurred. The most common major complication was surgical site infection.

Conclusion The LLS allowed for successful repair in all 60 cases with a wide variety of fractures. The LLS had a similar complication rate and time to radiographic union to that reported in other veterinary locking plate systems. The LLS is a reliable locking plate system which offers some advantages such as a low-profile plate with the ability to place non-polyaxial to angled polyaxial screws, to treat fractures in dogs and cats.
Comparación de la costo-efectividad de la nefrolitotomía percutánea y de la nefrolitotomía retrógrada flexible con láser de holmio en pacientes con litiasis renal de 20 a 30 mm en Colombia
Authors: Lopez Hugo Enrique , Riveros Silvia , Diaz Ana Maria , Chaparro Diana Maria , Monroy Gabriela
Published: December 2022

Introducción y Objetivo Con el advenimiento de nuevas tecnologías, vienen controversias respecto al espectro de sus aplicaciones. El costo derivado de estas tecnologías juega un papel muy importante en el momento de la toma de decisiones terapéuticas. Es por esto que consideramos relevante estimar la costo-efectividad de la nefrolitotomía percutánea comparada con la nefrolitotomía retrógrada flexible con láser de holmio en pacientes con litiasis renal de 20 mm a 30 mm en Colombia.

Materiales y Métodos Por medio de la construcción de un modelo de árbol de decisión usando el programa Treeage (TreeAge Software, LLC, Williamstown, MA, EE.UU.), se realizó una comparación entre la nefrolitotomía percutánea y la nefrolitotomía retrógrada flexible con láser de holmio en pacientes con litiasis renal de 20 mm a 30 mm. La perspectiva fue la del tercer pagador, y se incluyeron los costos directos. Las cifras fueron expresadas en pesos colombianos de 2018. La mejoría clínica, definida como el paciente libre de cálculos, fue la unidad de resultado. Se hizo una extracción de datos de efectividad y seguridad por medio de una revisión sistemática de la literatura. La razón de costo-efectividad incremental fue calculada.

Resultados El modelo final indica que la nefrolitotomía percutánea puede ser considerada como la alternativa más costo-efectiva. Los hallazgos fueron sensibles a la probabilidad de mejoría clínica de la nefrolitotomía percutánea.

Conclusión Teniendo en cuenta las variables económicas, los supuestos del modelo y desde la perspectiva del tercer pagador, la nefrolitotomía percutánea para el tratamiento de pacientes con cálculos renales de 20 mm a 30 mm es costo-efectiva en nuestro país. Estos hallazgos fueron sensibles a los costos y a la efectividad de los procedimientos quirúrgicos.
Sporadic Renal Angiomyolipoma: Can We Adopt a Uniform Management Protocol?
Authors: Ahmed Mussammet , Teo Hong , Sami Tariq , Otite Ugo
Published: December 2022

Renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs), formerly known as PEComas (tumors showing perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation) are common benign renal masses composed of a varying ratio of fat, blood vessels, and smooth muscles. They are largely asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally on imaging.

The adipose tissue content is the factor that gives AMLs their characteristic appearance on imaging and makes them easily identifiable. However, the fat-poor or fat-invisible varieties, which are difficult to differentiate radiologically from renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), present a diagnostic challenge. It is thus essential to establish the diagnosis and identify the atypical and hereditary cases as they require more intense surveillance and management due to their potential for malignant transformation.

Multiple management options are available, ranging from conservative approach to embolization and to the more radical option of nephrectomy. While the indications for intervention are relatively clear and aimed at a rather small cohort, the protocol for follow-up of the remainder of the cohort forming the majority of cases is not well established. The surveillance and discharge policies therefore vary between institutions and even between individual practitioners. We have reviewed the literature to establish an optimum management pathway focusing on the typical AMLs.
Mortalidad secundaria a SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes con trasplante renal de un centro del nordeste colombiano
Authors: Sandoval Juan Manuel , Becerra Ana María , Tobar Verónica , Puerto Ricardo , Sarmiento Guillermo , López Lida , Barajas Juan
Published: December 2022

Objetivo Describir la tasa de mortalidad de infección por coronavirus de tipo 2 causante del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, en inglés) y los factores de riesgo asociados a la severidad de la enfermedad en pacientes con trasplante renal de un centro del nordeste colombiano.

Materiales y Métodos Estudio descriptivo de una cohorte de pacientes en seguimiento postrasplante renal, en el que se hizo una búsqueda retrospectiva de los que presentaron infección por SARS-CoV-2 entre marzo del 2020 y mayo del 2021. Para el análisis, se incluyeron los pacientes con infección confirmada mediante pruebas de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (polymerase chain reaction, PCR, en inglés), de antígenos, o de anticuerpos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas, y un análisis bivariado de los posibles factores asociados con el riesgo de mortalidad.

Resultados Con un total de 307 individuos en seguimiento, se encontró una prevalencia del 14,3% (n = 44) de infección por enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, en inglés). La media de edad fue de 56 años, con predominio del género masculino. El esquema de inmunosupresión más frecuente fue micofenolato–tacrolimus–prednisona. Entre los pacientes infectados, la mortalidad fue del 34,1% (15/44), lo que representa el 4,8% de toda la población a estudio. Maás de la mitad de los pacientes requirieron hemodiálisis, y en el 86,7% fue necesario hacer ajustes en el esquema de inmunosupresión.

Conclusión La prevalencia de infección por SARS-CoV-2 en nuestro grupo de trasplantes fue similar a la reportada por otros grupos de trasplante del país, y mayor a la de la población no trasplantada. El valor de creatinina previo a la infección, la edad y las comorbilidades se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de mortalidad.
Artritis reumatoide de la columna cervical: Aspectos clave para el cirujano ortopédico
Authors: Krainz Pablo Enrique
Published: December 2022

La artritis reumatoide es una enfermedad inflamatoria autoinmune crónica que afecta con frecuencia a la columna cervical. El diagnóstico clínico de la afección cervical puede ser difícil; por lo tanto, se recomienda la evaluación radiográfica sistemática de todos los pacientes. El tratamiento oportuno de estas lesiones es importante para preservar la independencia, la función neurológica, e, incluso, la vida de los pacientes. Este artículo es una revisión actualizada de todos los aspectos de la artritis reumatoide de la columna cervical relevantes para el cirujano ortopédico.
Anatomical Step-by-Step Dissection of Complex Skull Base Approaches for Trainees: Surgical Anatomy of the Endoscopic Endonasal and Endoscopic-Assisted Transmaxillary Transpterygoid Approaches
Authors: Agosti Edoardo , Rezende Natália Cerqueira , Leonel Luciano C. P. C. , Alexander A. Yohan , Pinheiro-Neto Carlos D. , Peris-Celda Maria
Published: December 2022

Introduction The endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid approach (EETPA) with or without the addition of the endoscopic-assisted sublabial anterior transmaxillary approach (ESTA) has become increasingly utilized for lesions posterior to the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF), including infratemporal fossa (ITF), lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus, Meckel's cave, petrous apex, and parapharyngeal space. The main goal of this study is to develop an educational resource to learn the steps of the EETPA for trainees.

Methods EETPA and ESTA were performed in 12 specimens by neurosurgery trainees, under supervision from the senior authors. One EETPA and one ESTA were performed on each specimen on opposite sides. Dissections were supplemented with representative cases.

Results After a wide unilateral sphenoidotomy, ethmoidectomy, and partial medial maxillectomy, the anteromedial bone limits of the PPF were identified and drilled out. The pterygoid progress was modularly removed. By enlarging the opening of the posterior and lateral walls of the maxillary sinus through EETPA and ESTA, respectively, the neurovascular and muscular compartments of the PPF and ITF were better identified. The EETPA opens direct corridors to the PPF, medial ITF, middle cranial fossa, cavernous sinus, Meckel's cave, petrous apex, and internal carotid artery. If a more lateral exposure of the ITF is needed, the ESTA is an appropriate addition.

Conclusion Despite the steep learning curve of the EETPA, granular knowledge of its surgical anatomy and basic surgical steps are vital for those advancing their learning in complex endoscopic approaches to the ventral skull base when expanding the approach laterally in the coronal plane.
Phase-change control of anomalous Hall effect in ferromagnetic MnBi thin films
Authors: Zhang Siyue , Miyazaki Yu , Yokouchi Tomoyuki , Shiomi Yuki
Published: December 2022

We have experimentally demonstrated a phase change control of Hall effects in ferromagnetic MnBi thin films at room temperature. Two distinct ferromagnetic phases, i.e., a low-temperature phase and a quenched high-temperature phase, were obtained by slow-cooling or quenching the sputtered MnBi films. The measurement of Hall effects showed that the anomalous Hall resistivity has different coercivity and remanence between the two phases. By optimizing the Mn/Bi ratio, it is even possible to repeatedly switch the sign of Hall resistivity, which could be utilized as a concept of phase-change memory based on ferromagnetic transport.