bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANOMALOUS SEISMO-ACOUSTIC WAVE PROPAGATION AND DETERMINATION SOURCE OF INFRASOUND
Authors: Ch Bayarsaikhan , L Tungalag , Ch Lkhagvajav , Pichon Alexis Le
Published: August 2017

The network of infrasound stations (I34MN) in Mongolia daily registers set of infrasound from various sources besides explosions. The data from explosions in mines in region and from other sources detected since 2000 to 2009 in seismic and infrasound stations is analyzed. The analysis these signals dependence of speed distribution of sound from seasonal, wind forces and direction moreover on short distances. From detected in infrasound stations (I34MN) in year 80-90 % of signals make microbaroms, the wide range of their sources is visible from the frequency analysis. From the general analysis registered seismo and acoustic signals of explosions on the seismic and infrasound networks stations miscalculate not only speeds of distribution of sounds on close distances (50-500 km),  and also the speed model of atmosphere is made.
USING THE TWO-LEVEL MORPHOLOGY ON MODERN MONGOLIAN LINGUISTICS
Authors: D Uuganbaatar , Gao Guanglai , I Byambasuren , B Nergui
Published: August 2017

This study compiles primarily the word structure of Modern Mongolian language and further more focused on the possibilities of description of Mongolian language in PC KIMMO, a two level processing method of morphological parsing. The rules file and lexicon presented in the paper describe the morphology of Mongolian words. A lexicon containing the root words of contemporary Mongolian is used in the testing. As a result the two-level morphology is determined as completely possible to be used for Mongolian linguistics. In addition PC-KIMMO description of traditional Mongolian script is considered as being possible.
УУЛЫН ХАЖУУГИЙН ҮЙЛ ЯВЦЫГ ХӨРСӨН ДЭХ МИКРО ЭЛЕМЕНТИЙН ТАРХАЛТААР ТОДОРХОЙЛОХ НЬ
Authors: Ц Даваахүү , А Орхонсэлэнгэ
Published: August 2017

This study shows hill slope process of Mt. Ovoot in the northeast of Khangai Mountain Range, Mongolia. This work is mainly focused on sediment transportation by surface and subsurface flows in Mt. Ovoot based on movement of microelements within soil profiles along the mountain slopes and measurement of particle sizes and shapes of the soils. The main purpose is (1) to determine the chemical and physical properties of soils, and (2) to reveal hill slope process with movements of microelements. Movement of the microelements show intensive slope processes in the Mt. Ovoot. Each surface soil on upper slope contains microelements less than those on lower slope of the mountain, where sediments have been more round and finer. It infers that more soils are eroded and accumulated on upper and lower slopes, respectively, these transport and deposition of the soil particles are caused by the surface and subsurface flows.
ХОЁР БӨХТ ТЭМЭЭ (CAMELUS BACTRIANUS)-НИЙ БУУРЫН БОХИНЫ УУРГИЙН IN VITRO ДАХЬ ХҮНИЙ ХАВДРЫН БОЛОН ХАВДРЫН БУС ЭСИЙН ҮЙЛ АЖИЛЛАГААНД ҮЗҮҮЛЭХ НӨЛӨӨГ СУДАЛСАН ДҮНГЭЭС
Authors: М Номин , Ц Бадамгарав , Б Цэрэндулам , Б Батжаргал
Published: August 2017

Various natural products derived from plants and animals have being played important role in the treatment of human diseases for many centuries. One of those products is poll gland secretion of camel (Camelus bactrianus). During rutting season poll gland of male camel becomes bigger and produces secretion. In traditional medicine, poll gland secretion is used in cancer treatment especially breast cancer, anti-inflammation, softening gall-stone and some other treatments. In this study, we isolated total protein from poll gland of camel, and detected antioxidant activity and studied effects of secretion protein in vitro cancer and non-cancer cell lines. Antioxidant activity was correlated with their protein level. The half maximal inhibitory concentration of cancer cell (IC50) was identified differently in cell lines, IC50 of HCC1397 breast cancer cell line was at 407µg/ml concentration of protein whereas IC50 of HepG2 liver cancer cell line was at 215µg/ml. The protein had effect in cancer cell mobility by suppressing 80% to 100% when the protein concentration was 200µg/ml. Our result showed that the poll gland protein has negative effects to some genes such as CASP3 and CASP8 which are involved in cell apoptosis.
“МОНГОЛЫН НУУЦ ТОВЧООН” ДАХЬ “ШАРГА АГТ ТАН” ХЭМЭЭХ ХЭЛЛЭГИЙН УТГА УЧИР
Authors: Б Сүмбэр
Published: August 2017

Horses are loved by Mongolians in their culture and nomadic lifestyle. Mongolian horses made a great contribution to Mongolian history.The art work of ‘The Eight Steed of Genghis’ is well known by us. While Chinese artist Xu Beihong (1895-1953) great work ‘Eight Chun map’ has its root in West Zhou Dynasty’s (B.C. 1046-B.C. 661) art work which was drawn by fifth king Zhou Muwang (B.C. 1054-B.C. 949). Similarly there maybe a connection between the ‘Lucky Eight Horses’ in art works even sculptures with the Mongolian art called ‘The Eight Steed of Genghis’.This article aims to explain the meaning of the word ‘Sharga agt tan’ as used in “The Secret History of Mongolia” which was written in the 13th century, is considered to have no outside influences and believed to be an accurate account of Mongolian history. It especially aims to explain the meaning of the suffix tan that is used in the phrase ‘Sharga agt tan’ in “The Secret History of Mongolia”. The suffix tan was used in the middle aged Mongolian language and in our study you can see the comparison of the suffix tan and its similar meaning in contemporary Mongolian language.  This article also aims to determine the actual number of  horses in the phrase such as ‘Sharga agt tan 9 morid’ (meaning of  nine yellowish/ light bay horses), ‘Sharga agt tan 8 morid’ (meaning of eight yellowish/ light bay horses), as well it attempts to explain that in the mongolian language the word sharga means yellowish/light bay colour in cognitive linguistic understanding. This study also explores the meaning of the expression ‘The Eight Sharga Steed of Genghis’.
Supramolecular-Based Ultrasonic-Assisted Dispersion Solidification Liquid–Liquid Microextraction of Copper and Cobalt Prior to Their Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Determination
Authors: Shokrollahi Ardeshir , Ebrahimi Foroogh
Published: August 2017

In the present work, a simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly method was proposed for the simultaneous preconcentration and determination of minute quantities of copper and cobalt in water samples and serum by a supramolecular-based ultrasonic-assisted dispersion solidification liquid–liquid microextraction (DSLLME) procedure coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The procedure is based on the DSLLME of copper and cobalt with decanoic acid–tetrahydrofuran supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) in the presence of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, as the complexing agent. SUPRAS is a nanostructured liquid generated from amphiphiles through a sequential self-assembly process occurring on two scales, molecular and nano. Several variables that affect the extraction efficiency—including pH, concentration of complexing agent, volume of the extraction and dispersive solvents (volume of SUPRAS), sonication time, and ionic strength—were investigated and optimized. The method provided enrichment factors of 23.31 and 22.38 for copper and cobalt, respectively. The preconcentration factor for the two analytes was 20.00. Calibration plots were linear in the range of 5.00–700.00 ng/mL for copper and 5.00–500.00 ng/mL for cobalt, with correlations of determination of 0.9973 and 0.9981. The precision of the method were expressed as RSDs for six replicate measurements and LODs and found to be ±4.10 and ±2.30% for copper and 2.90 and 3.50 ng/mL for cobalt. The proposed method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of trace copper and cobalt in real water samples and serum with satisfactory results.
Análise das externalidades na produção de serviços pela perspectiva do modelo de produção mais limpa
Authors: SILVA Luciano Ferreira da , Guevara Arnoldo José de Hoyos , Saad Pedro Fernandes , Oliveira Paulo Sergio Gonçalves de
Published: August 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever como a aplicação da perspectiva de Produção Mais Limpa (PML) interfere na visão das externalidades advindas de um processo de produção de serviços. Para tanto, buscou-se como procedimentos metodológicos a pesquisa de caráter exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, ou seja, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental construiu-se as categorias de análise e posterior construção de um esquema para a avaliação do fluxo da produção de serviços. Nesse caso utilizou-se para o estudo a prestação de serviços de recebimento de faturas por uma instituição bancária. Ao tratar desse processo sob a perspectiva de PML verificou-se a existência de externalidades antecedentes e consequentes positivas ao se adotar o sistema eletrônico de pagamentos de faturas. A contribuição desta perspectiva é que ao utilizar o método de PML pode planejar a produção de serviços de forma mais sustentável, pois a visão da criação e produção de forma sistêmica e circular pode evidenciar o papel de cada agente nos três níveis propostos neste processo.
A cultura do consumismo: consciência e sustentabilidade como valores abstratos
Authors: Silva Luciano Ferreira da , Trevisan Leonardo Nelmi , Guevara Arnoldo José de Hoyos
Published: August 2017

O objetivo deste artigo foi refletir sobre o comportamento orientado para um consumo consciente e sustentável. Para tanto, utilizou-se uma abordagem interpretativista, interdisciplinar e sistêmica de forma que abrangesse questões relacionadas à economia, cultura, produção, entre outras. A discussão das ideias apresentadas neste trabalho partiu do pressuposto de que só se pode construir um consumo consciente se for entendido os fatores culturais relacionados ao comportamento do consumidor. No Brasil, a influência do consumo destaca um comportamento orientado pelo valor de bens e serviços, com parte das escolhas suprindo necessidades e desejos orientados por uma visão hedonista e inconsciente. Embora esta seja uma realidade compartilhada entre a maioria dos consumidores brasileiros, vale lembrar que a produção e o consumo geram externalidades negativas que, em algum momento, serão internalizadas. Assim, o consumo sustentável pode ser adotado de forma consciente ou por imposição das situações ambientais como no caso da água na região sudeste do Brasil em 2014.
Avaliação de impacto ambiental em nascentes do Alto Camaquã a partir de uma análise multivariada
Authors: Carvalho Cibelle Machado , Lucas Anderson da Silva , Rocha Nájila Souza da , Cruz Rafael Cabral , Borba Marcos Flávio da Silva
Published: August 2017

Devido à carência de sistemas de captação de água no território do Alto Camaquã, a utilização direta de nascentes como fonte de água tornou-se a solução mais viável para o abastecimento humano e dessedentação animal. Localizada a montante da Bacia hidrográfica do Camaquã, o controle desenfreado dos usos destes afloramentos ocasiona impactos, podendo comprometer a dinâmica do ciclo hidrológico, visto que, geologicamente, a região é pouco favorável para poços tubulares. Diante deste panorama, o presente artigo tem como objetivo descrever a tipologia das nascentes, classificar e caracterizar seu estado, utilizando um protocolo de avaliação rápida, adaptado ao contexto do Alto Camaquã, para avaliar o impacto ambiental causado com base nas variáveis observadas. Foi feito um levantamento das características, tipologia e classificação das nascentes, nos distritos Barrocão, Alto Bonito e Aberta do Cerro, municípios de Piratini e Pinheiro Machado/RS. Foi analisada a relação entre essas características por meio de estatística multivariada, para subsidiar a avaliação de impactos ambientais. Foram realizadas análise de ordenação (coordenadas principais) e de agrupamentos. Identificou-se que na área delimitada existem três grupos de nascentes significativamente dissimilares e que a formação desses agrupamentos demonstram a relação entre as características e o tipo de uso das nascentes. Verificou-se uma diferenciação entre as nascentes com maior e menor impacto ambiental. Os resultados demonstram a necessidade de políticas de gestão e educação, bem como de metodologias diferenciadas de avaliação de impactos para os diferentes grupos identificados de nascentes, a fim de ser alcançada maior eficiência e conservação das mesmas.
Análise do potencial de reutilização dos resíduos provenientes de poda, município de Palmas, Tocantins
Authors: Rodrigues Paula Raquel Barreto , Picanço Aurélio Pessôa , Serra Juan Carlos Valdés , Guarda Emerson Adriano , Lima Junior Amitai Silva
Published: August 2017

A destinação geralmente dada aos resíduos de biomassa provenientes da poda depositando-os em aterros e lixões não se mostra sustentável e adequada, pois impossibilita a utilização do seu poder calorífico e do teor de matéria orgânica que podem retornar ao solo. Baseado na potencialidade de utilização desses resíduos o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento da situação e a destinação final desses resíduos em Palmas (TO), quantificando-os e analisar a viabilidade técnico-econômica de novas alternativas de tratamento. No município de Palmas (TO) estima-se que o resíduo de poda coletado equivale a 1301 ton/ano, 108 ton/mês e 3,61 ton/dia. A produção desses resíduos tem um crescimento de mais 50% a.a., para o ano de 2014 estimou-se em 8396,17 ton/ano e 23 ton/dia. A receita bruta estimada foi de R$ 1.478.400,00 para a Usina de Briquetes e R$ 2.183.004,81 para a Usina de Compostagem. Em relação ao custo de produção obteve-se R$ 88,74/ton do composto e R$ 101,29/ton de briquetes, valores menores que o preço de venda encontrando no mercado, o que torna viável a produção e comercialização dos mesmos. No cenário atual é interessante estudar uma possível inclusão das Associações de catadores e/ou de horticultores do município nessas indústrias e uma análise da perspectiva de mercado de ambos os produtos na região.
Licenciamentos ambientais e avaliações de impactos ambientais do setor sucroenergético: aspectos multidisicplinares
Authors: Dias Elioterio Fachin , Binotto Erlaine , Silva Luciana Ferreira da
Published: August 2017

Este trabalho visa discutir a importância e o uso da multidisciplinaridade e da interdisciplinaridade no Licenciamento Ambiental (LA) e nas Avaliações de Impactos Ambientais (AIA) do setor sucroalcooleiro no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). O objetivo é identificar os perfis e atribuições dos técnicos e profissionais envolvidos em sua elaboração e análise, além dos órgãos responsáveis pela sua aprovação. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo com a utilização de dados da CANASAT/INPE, MAPA e IMASUL. Realizou-se análise de algumas normas e legislações ambientais, federal e estadual, pertinentes ao licenciamento ambiental e aos estudos e relatórios de impactos ambientais (EIA/RIMA) do setor sucroalcooleiro do estado. Os dados e as discussões permitiram constatar que as Avaliações de Impactos Ambientais (AIA) e os Licenciamentos Ambientais (LA) são elaborados e analisados, tanto no âmbito federal, quanto no âmbito estadual, de forma multidisciplinar, visando à prevenção, solução, recuperação e/ou manutenção do meio ambiente.
Mudanças Paradigmáticas e Educação Ambiental: concepções socioambientais da contemporaneidade
Authors: Bastos Júnior Luis Claudio dos Santos , Nunes Roseli Pereira
Published: August 2017

As crises socioambientais da modernidade, sejam de caráter social, ambiental ou econômicos, agravadas pelo modelo capitalista de produção e consumo dominantes, instigam as sociedades pela busca de caminhos que aumentem o equilíbrio das relações entre o homem e a natureza e diminuam as iniquidades sociais. Nesta perspectiva, destaca-se que tais processos dependem de mudanças paradigmáticas que reflitam valores éticos abrangentes e que tem na educação ambiental uma forte aliada, ao incentivar a reflexão critica e a participação dos sujeitos diante das políticas públicas. Conforme análise de literatura pertinente à temática, a legislação brasileira vem dando apoio formal à educação ambiental, mesmo que na prática ela não seja prioridade. Desta feita, é possível afirma que o momento é de importantes mudanças paradigmáticas no que se refere à relevância atribuída à educação ambiental, no entanto, a efetivação prática de ações ainda esta aquém das reais necessidades das sociedades contemporâneas.
Os pesticidas e a qualidade da água no Perímetro Irrigado Califórnia no baixo Rio São Francisco
Authors: Vasco Anderson Nascimento do , Aguiar Netto Antenor de Oliveira , Britto Fábio Brandão , Silva Thassio Monteiro Menezes da
Published: August 2017

A escassez de água constitui um forte entrave ao desenvolvimento socioeconômico e, até mesmo, à subsistência da população. Sendo assim, os impactos qualitativo e quantitativo dos recursos hídricos provocados pelo homem, principalmente em razão dos adensamentos populacionais e atividades agroindustriais causam grandes problemas na disponibilidade hídrica. O rio São Francisco abastece com água vários perímetros irrigados entre eles o Califórnia, que por sua vez drena suas águas residuais para o riacho da Onça. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a qualidade da água drenada e os pesticidas utilizados na produção agrícola, no perímetro irrigado Califórnia no baixo rio São Francisco. Foram realizadas 22 campanhas de monitoramento para análise físico-química, 12 campanhas para análise de pesticida, o monitoramento iniciou em março de 2013 e finalizou em dezembro de 2014. Foram analisados 10 parâmetros físico-químico, em 2 estações de monitoramento. A análise de risco de contaminação dos pesticidas na água e solo, foi realizada mediante critérios da Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Índice de GUS e método de GOSS. No rio São Francisco observou-se que a turbidez, clorofila-a, OD, DBO e coliformes termotolerantes, no período seco apresentaram valores acima do limite estabelecido pelo CONAMA/2005, classe 2, enquanto no riacho da Onça a DBO, OD, nitrato, TDS, condutividade elétrica, cloretos, fósforo, clorofila-a e coliformes termotolerantes apresentaram valores elevados, no período seco e chuvoso, que caracterizam uma tendência de eutrofização do ambiente aquático. Os resultados do monitoramento de pesticidas evidenciaram a presença dos seguintes princípios ativos: ciproconazole e ivermectina no solo, como também o atrazina e clorpirifós na água. Segundo a resolução CONAMA nº 357/05, a atrazina ficou abaixo do limite de tolerância de 2µ.gL-1. A presença de pesticidas e o desequilíbrio dos parâmetros físico-químicos evidencia risco de contaminação dos recursos naturais que pode promover impactos a saúde da comunidade, caso não sejam tomadas medidas de prevenção e monitoramento da qualidade da água na região do perímetro irrigado Califórnia.
Corrida de rua: variação da pressão arterial na periodização do treinamento de atletas amadores
Authors: Santos Caio Cezar Brito
Published: August 2017

A variação da pressão arterial em um programa de treino é pouco estudada na corrida de rua, a periodização do treinamento de corrida resulta em importantes respostas fisiológicas, resultado das adaptações hemodinâmicas que influenciam no sistema cardiovascular. A variação da pressão arterial durante a corrida reflete o tipo de treino, a intensidade e duração. Por isso o objetivo deste estudo é analisar a variação da pressão arterial de atletas amadores em um programa de treino contínuo comparado com o programa de treino fartlek. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo de caráter descritivo com abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa, as fontes de pesquisa utilizadas foram os bancos de dados da Scielo, Medline (artigos publicados de 2000 á 2012), e livros acadêmicos (pesquisados na biblioteca da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia). Como a corrida tem uma predominância de exercícios dinâmicos, implicando uma maior sobrecarga cardíaca, assim o estudo procura no meio de tantos esportes, identificar a variação da pressão arterial em diferentes métodos de treino da corrida de rua. Após uma análise dos resultados foi observado que tanto nas mulheres quanto nos homens obteve-se uma maior média da PA sistólica final no treino contínuo comparado com o fartlek, sendo 5,28% a variação (queda) em mulheres e 9,16% em homens. A média da PA diastólica final no treino fartlek foi maior comparado com o treino contínuo nos dois sexos, sendo 15,12% a variação (aumento) no feminino e 17,06% no masculino.
Influência da Terapia por Contensão Induzida em Indivíduos hemiparéticos após acidente vascular encefálico: revisão sistemática de literatura
Authors: Garção Diogo Costa , Almeida Akeline Santos de , Sobral Aline Jorge Rodrigues , Santos Dayane Evellyn dos , Santos Juliana de Santana , Santos Anne Caroline , Oliveira Tássia Virginia de Carvalho
Published: August 2017

O Acidente Vascular Encefálico é uma das maiores causas de limitação funcional e morte no mundo. Diversos métodos de intervenção são utilizados para a reabilitação de hemiparéticos em decorrência de Acidente Vascular Encefálico e um dos mais recentes é a Terapia por Contensão Induzida. Revisar sistematicamente as evidências sobre a influência da Terapia por Contensão Induzida como intervenção em indivíduos hemiparéticos com Acidente Vascular Encefálico. Foram realizadas pesquisas de abril a junho de 2011 nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scielo e PEDro, utilizando-se os unitermos “hemiplegic”, “stroke” e “physical therapy”. Os estudos selecionados foram publicados na língua inglesa, no período de 2000 a 2010, utilizaram a Terapia por Contensão Induzida em indivíduos com Acidente Vascular Encefálico e obtiveram pontuação mínima de cinco pontos na escala PEDro. Dos 44 estudos encontrados, 27 foram incluídos na revisão. Destes manuscritos, o número médio de participantes variou de 30 a 45 indivíduos e a faixa etária foi de 23 a 88 anos. Os instrumentos de avaliação mais utilizados foram o Motor Activity Log e o Wolf Motor Function Test. A Terapia por Contensão Induzida mostrou-se eficaz em indivíduos com Acidente Vascular Encefálico que apresentam déficits funcionais de membro superior.ionais de membro superior.
Michael G. Azar. Exegeting the Jews: The Early Reception of the Johannine “Jews”
Authors: Urbano Arthur P.
Published: August 2017

No abstract is available.
Monitoring practices in Brazilian credit unions: a study on monitoring and accounting indicators
Authors: Zanetti Trindade Luana , Bialoskorski Neto Sigismundo
Published: August 2017

Monitoring helps in incentive mechanisms and punishment because it allows us to observe the behavior and give credibility to the system because the agent understands that monitoring is to redevelop or punish their attitudes. It requires the development of a monitoring framework that recognizes the existence of heterogeneity of members and that allows the survival of the cooperative organization. In addition, a monitoring economic results and to provide services and control by multiple principals who are cooperative members is necessary. Therefore, monitoring reduces moral hazard and thus increases the efficiency of the organization. It is critical to monitor the economic results and to provide services and control by multiple principals who are members of the cooperative. This therefore cooperatives have economic objectives for the provision of services to their members. The research question is: higher compliance monitoring practices indicated by the Central Bank (BACEN) influences the financial statements as assets, revenues and surplus? Thus, the aim of this work is to identify if certain accounting information is influenced by greater adherence to monitoring practices. This research aims to contribute to the understanding of the relationship between monitoring practices, which possibly implies the reduction of agency costs and consequently the efficiency of cooperative organizations, and accounting information as an asset, revenue and surplus. After the analysis of the mean difference test, we can see that the higher compliance monitoring practices indicated by the Central Bank can influence a higher asset value, higher value of revenue and a higher surplus in credit unions. Not being able to infer that a greater adherence monitoring practices directly influence asset, revenue and surplus or those variables that influence higher compliance monitoring practices have become a problem of endogeneity. Can only infer that there is an influence between greater adherence practices and monitoring these variables.
Commitment in the process of translation and control of strategy in Brazilian agro-industrial cooperatives
Authors: Ferreira Barreiros Reginaldo , Max Protil Roberto , Carlos Duclós Luiz , Rodrigues Moreira Vilmar
Published: August 2017

This paper deals with the insertion of commitment as a critical success factor in a model of strategy’s translation and control in agro-industrial cooperatives in the context of the Brazilian reality, and more specifically of an agro-industrial cooperative, located in the State of Parana. Based on the theoretical background of strategy’s translation and control and on agro-industrial cooperatives, interviews were conducted with experts on cooperatives, followed by thematic content analysis, cooccurrences and structural analysis. Subsequently an instrumental case study in an agro-industrial cooperative was performed, also by means of interviews with managers, followed by thematic content analysis, co-occurrences and structural analysis. The paper discusses several interactions that commitment has with other factors of the strategy’s translation and control model in agroindustrial cooperatives. It follows that such model must consider the commitment, as a critical success factor, related to the control lever of the cooperative positioning. Commitment leads to the establishment of incentives for cooperation by the cooperative; and the emergence, strengthening and consolidating of member’s fidelity; fundamental conditions for the sustainability of the cooperative system. It also concludes that fidelity is positively influenced by the organizational culture of the cooperative; by the satisfaction of members - derived from the economic performance of their farms -; and also by the integration and control exercised by the technical assistance. This conclusion, regarding the cultural question, refers to the theoretical concept of commitment as the member’s preference associated with something that is offered, in a different way, by the cooperative, in relation to investor owned firms, and which had its beginning in the cooperative doctrine.
The contribution of corporate policies to the creation of competitive advantage: the case of the Unimed de Paranavaí corporate organization
Authors: Colla Julio Ernesto , Bueno Nascimento Gláucia , Ferreira dos Reis Júlio , Lauermann Koch Leani
Published: August 2017

In the competitive global context, organizations in a sector are seeking to develop different strategies to stand out from their competitors. Thus, they seek organizational policies as plans of action to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to analyze corporate policies and their contribution to the creation of sustainable competitive advantage in a cooperative organization. The object of study is Unimed de Paranavaí, in Paraná State. The research is predominantly descriptive and qualitative. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation, with a sample of employees of the Administrative area and Personnel Department of the organization in question. According to the data analysis, the results show the importance of corporate policies in organizations, as Unimed has established flexible, comprehensive, coordinated and ethical policies. All the stakeholders are involved in the decision-making process, which is very important and helps the organization to generate a form of competitive advantage.
Determinants for the cost of equity in agricultural cooperatives
Authors: Canassa Bruno José , De Moura Costa Davi Rogério
Published: August 2017

Cooperatives have peculiarities regarding their equity. Among others, the equity is nontransferable and there is an obligation to refund if requested by the member. Also, the return on investment can be in the form of favorable prices, services and cash patronage. From these statements, the understanding of the motivation to increase capital in a cooperative becomes necessary. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the cost of equity, parameter used by an investor to make a decision, and investigate its determinants. Using data from 2010 and 2011 for cooperatives in the states of São Paulo and Paraná, this study employed a technique adapted from Gordon’s model to find the return required by the member. It was also used a panel data technique to find estimators for the determinants mentioned by literature. The results pointed to the lack of significance of location in the composition of the cost of equity and the return on assets having predominant role, with little impact from the others. These results may be indicative of preference for present returns compared to future expectations, also the lack of investment options for the producer from Paraná. The progress of this work can develop a line of research beneficial to understanding the return expected by the member and the financing and administration of cooperatives, based on the refinement and adaptation of finance techniques to the reality of these organizations.
Cooperative experiences among small rural producers in Tangará da Serra – MT
Authors: Alves de Lima Aparecida De Fátima
Published: August 2017

Collective organizations represent an important option to small rural producers face together the difficulties caused by a context of turbulence and intense competition. Despite of its relevance, studies have shown that cooperative organizations have weaknesses in regards to balance the different levels of interest from the partners: the economic, social and political about the practices and management strategies adopted. In this context, the problem arises: To what extent the specific features of cooperative organizations influence in their competitiveness and which are the factors to be considered in the strategic management of these organizations to be competitive while remaining cooperative. This work focuses in cooperative organization of small rural producers in the context of rural settlements in order to analyzing the influences of the organizational environment, the social participation in decisions and the economic and social efficiency of these organizations. It was used a descriptive, qualitative and quantitative methodological approach. Due to be an understudied subject in the State of Mato Grosso was classified as exploratory and supported by a literature review which refers to Cooperatives, Economics, Management and Sociology. The field work demanded structures questionnaires and semi-structured interview routines, informal conversations and non-participant observation in meetings of these organizations. It was found that partners who are preparing to assume management positions in cooperative organizations bring experiences and values accumulated during their existence and these attributes not always are compatible with the principles of cooperation. For analyzed cooperatives achieve economic, social, organizational and administrative advantages it is necessary to overcome the limitations, mainly in organizational, managerial and cooperative education dimensions.
The role of FSC certification to maintain sustainability: the case of Precious Woods Amazon Company
Authors: Ramos Santiago Debora
Published: August 2017

The objective of this study is to analyze the role of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) for the maintenance of sustainability in the Amazon, considering the specific case of the timber Precious Woods Amazon (PWA), trying to understand the fundamental aspects of this certification program, the environmental benefits generated and the challenges for the conservation and promotion of sustainable development of the Amazon. As base of information, essentially was used the sources of data of the Forest Stewardship Council data (FSC), the Institute of Agricultural and Forest Management and Certification (IMAFLORA) and Precious Woods Amazon (PWA). The FSC certification has been considered an important instrument for the conservation of global sustainability, through their strict principles and criteria that enable forest management occurs in an environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial and economically viable. In this perspective, the PWA has contributed significantly to the conservation of the Amazon, making it a world reference in sustainable use of forests. Despite the harsh criticism existing on the veracity of their practices, the available data revealed to be unquestionable the importance of PWA promoting sustainable development in the region, because since its inception the protected areas have been expanded, in addition, the company generates decent jobs, clean energy and income for these isolated areas in the interior of Amazon, also fostering productive traditional practices in the communities that surround them. Many are the challenges to market expansion certificate in the Amazon, requiring efficient actions to foster it, promoting the spread of information, supervision and implementation of beneficial policies directed to local conditions, so that forest certification become a reality in the market, not only internationally, but also location. Environmental certification is a green and responsible development, becoming a worldwide trend at recent times.
INCENTIVES AND ENTRENCHMENT IN BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES: EVIDENCE FROM COOPERATIVES IN THE STATE OF SÃO PAULO
Authors: Massaki Yonemura Leandro , De Moura Costa Davi Rogério
Published: August 2017

Agricultural cooperatives are economic organizations that arise due to market failures and that adopt relevant roles in the organization of producers in different countries around the world. Research on the corporate governance of these organizations is abundant due the peculiarities of their structure and property rights. In Brazil, studies in this area are infrequent and in need of furtherexplanation. The aims of the present study were to identify and characterize the incentive mechanisms (remuneration) used by agricultural cooperatives and, in addition, to determine if they have an effect on the president’s longevity in office in agricultural cooperatives. The study was conducted by considering the different models of corporate governance and analyzing a sample of cooperatives from the State of São Paulo. The methodology asked for access to the bylaws, Minutes of general assembly s (MoGA) and registration forms, available for download on the website of the CommercialCouncil of the State of Sao Paulo (JUCESP). The sample consisted of data from 49 agricultural cooperatives. The results indicate that larger cooperatives tend to develop governance structures that separate ownership and control. Moreover, these organizations have the best-paid presidents.In general, apparently there is a positive relationship between entrenchment and remuneration and company size. These exploratory results identify interesting elements for further researchon cooperative governance. However, the methodological challenges for determining causalitymust be overcome by research designed to demonstrate the effect of remuneration on entrenchmentof the president and its effect on the performance of the cooperative.
The sustainability of cooperative intelligence as an alternative to the small and medium-sized cities, the disposal of municipal solid waste for power generation
Authors: Alves Francisco Carlos , Françoso Rebutini Figueira Isabella , Ferreira dos Santos Aguinaldo
Published: August 2017

The purpose of the research is to present to the Brazilian municipalities, in particular, to the people of Paraná, a methodology for the formation of municipalities public consortia, in order to assist them to comply with federal legislation regarding the National Program for the Management of Urban Solid Waste. In this context, the survey outlined the consortium structure in Brazil, as well as the conventional systematics of the management of Urban Solid Waste, as well as its destination and reuse, as well as evaluating successful initiatives in other nations. Allied to this, the research also proposes to evaluate two technologies for the destination and treatment of Urban Solid Waste. The character of the evaluation is to analyze, identify and compare results between them. The project focused on a traditional technology that is the landfill and in another that is an innovative technology, which is gasification. The focus of the research is to highlight the importance of cooperative intelligence, especially when there are common problems, in the search for joint solutions, as well as to present technological alternatives that, in addition to providing a solution to the problem of management and destination of Urban Solid Waste, can contribute to The achievement of direct and indirect benefits, both in the environmental, social and economic sphere, the basis of sustainability. For that, the work had as methodological reference the realization of technical visits in both the Cascavel Sanitary Landfill, in the State of Paraná, as well as in the Carbogás Pilot Project in Mauá, State of São Paulo. The results obtained consisted in the presentation of a referential methodology for the formation of municipalities Consortia, as well as comparative results among the technological models that can aid in decision making.
Integrating R&D and marketing for success in product innovation: an experience by a manufacturer of cosmetic raw materials
Authors: Pinheiro Gondim de Vasconcellos Eduardo , Gregolin Fabiano
Published: August 2017

In order to increase chances of success and reduce uncertainty and failure along the launch process of new products, especially innovative ones, it is important that the R&D and the Marketing departments of an organization work in an integrated manner. In this context, the present study sought to identify the level of integration between the R&D and Marketing departments of a Brazilian manufacturer of cosmetic raw materials. The aims were: to find the determinants of the level of required integration; to point out the determinants of the level of achieved integration; to determine the level of importance of each analyzed item; and to diagnose the elements to be dealt with primarily, based on the model proposed by Gupta, Raj and Wilemon. The data consisted of collected material: first, meetings were held with the R&D and Marketing director; and once the data collection instrument had been elaborated with closed questions, answers were obtained by the supervisors, managers and senior managers of the company. After data analysis, tables were organized to show the determinants of required integration level, achieved integration level, and representativeness, valuation and results of the company's integration level. The results show an active and productive integration and allow one to infer the company makes efforts to create and foster integration between the departments. Nonetheless, there is space for improvements. The study's limitations stem from the impossibility to generalize the results due to the method used and due to the fact that the research was conducted in one company only.
Social Marketing: induction or volunteerism?
Authors: Rodrigues Pereira Jefferson , Veloso e Sousa Caíssa , Belintani Shigaki Helena , Oliveira Rezende Leonardo Benedito
Published: August 2017

Social Marketing may be seen as commercial marketing practices aimed to maximize social wellbeing. Nevertheless, there has been found a conceptual polarity in its classical definition. Thusly, this article has been focused on finding whether social marketing is related to induction or volunteerism. To do so, a theoretical essay was carried out with the aim of looking upon it in the light of the sociologic paradigms of Burrell and Morgan (1979). In such a context, schools of marketing thoughts were analyzed, and as well their main influences on the social marketing structures. Among the most noteworthy findings, social marketing is remarked as a behavior induction process that seeks to provide individuals with a perennial and self-adjusting stimulation, and classified as functionalist as it's been deeply rooted in the sociology of regulation.
Recombination, meiotic expression and human codon usage
Authors: Pouyet Fanny , Mouchiroud Dominique , Duret Laurent , Sémon Marie
Published: August 2017

Synonymous codon usage (SCU) varies widely among human genes. In particular, genes involved in different functional categories display a distinct codon usage, which was interpreted as evidence that SCU is adaptively constrained to optimize translation efficiency in distinct cellular states. We demonstrate here that SCU is not driven by constraints on tRNA abundance, but by large-scale variation in GC-content, caused by meiotic recombination, via the non-adaptive process of GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC). Expression in meiotic cells is associated with a strong decrease in recombination within genes. Differences in SCU among functional categories reflect differences in levels of meiotic transcription, which is linked to variation in recombination and therefore in gBGC. Overall, the gBGC model explains 70% of the variance in SCU among genes. We argue that the strong heterogeneity of SCU induced by gBGC in mammalian genomes precludes any optimization of the tRNA pool to the demand in codon usage.
Identification and dynamics of the human ZDHHC16-ZDHHC6 palmitoylation cascade
Authors: Abrami Laurence , Dallavilla Tiziano , Sandoz Patrick A , Demir Mustafa , Kunz Béatrice , Savoglidis Georgios , Hatzimanikatis Vassily , van der Goot F Gisou
Published: August 2017

S-Palmitoylation is the only reversible post-translational lipid modification. Knowledge about the DHHC palmitoyltransferase family is still limited. Here we show that human ZDHHC6, which modifies key proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum, is controlled by an upstream palmitoyltransferase, ZDHHC16, revealing the first palmitoylation cascade. The combination of site specific mutagenesis of the three ZDHHC6 palmitoylation sites, experimental determination of kinetic parameters and data-driven mathematical modelling allowed us to obtain detailed information on the eight differentially palmitoylated ZDHHC6 species. We found that species rapidly interconvert through the action of ZDHHC16 and the Acyl Protein Thioesterase APT2, that each species varies in terms of turnover rate and activity, altogether allowing the cell to robustly tune its ZDHHC6 activity.
Deconstruction of the beaten Path-Sidestep interaction network provides insights into neuromuscular system development
Authors: Li Hanqing , Watson Ash , Olechwier Agnieszka , Anaya Michael , Sorooshyari Siamak K , Harnett Dermott P , Lee Hyung-Kook (Peter) , Vielmetter Jost , Fares Mario A , Garcia K Christopher , Özkan Engin , Labrador Juan-Pablo , Zinn Kai
Published: August 2017

An ‘interactome’ screen of all Drosophila cell-surface and secreted proteins containing immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) domains discovered a network formed by paralogs of Beaten Path (Beat) and Sidestep (Side), a ligand-receptor pair that is central to motor axon guidance. Here we describe a new method for interactome screening, the Bio-Plex Interactome Assay (BPIA), which allows identification of many interactions in a single sample. Using the BPIA, we ‘deorphanized’ four more members of the Beat-Side network. We confirmed interactions using surface plasmon resonance. The expression patterns of beat and side genes suggest that Beats are neuronal receptors for Sides expressed on peripheral tissues. side-VI is expressed in muscle fibers targeted by the ISNb nerve, as well as at growth cone choice points and synaptic targets for the ISN and TN nerves. beat-V genes, encoding Side-VI receptors, are expressed in ISNb and ISN motor neurons.
Institutional Repositories and Academic Social Networks: Competition or Complement? A Study of Open Access Policy Compliance vs. ResearchGate Participation
Authors: Lovett Julia A. , Rathemacher Andrée J. , Boukari Divana , Lang Corey
Published: August 2017

INTRODUCTION The popularity of academic social networks like ResearchGate and Academia.edu indicates that scholars want to share their work, yet for universities with Open Access (OA) policies, these sites may be competing with institutional repositories (IRs) for content. This article seeks to reveal researcher practices, attitudes, and motivations around uploading their work to ResearchGate and complying with an institutional OA Policy through a study of faculty at the University of Rhode Island (URI). METHODS We conducted a population study to examine the participation by 558 full-time URI faculty members in the OA Policy and ResearchGate followed by a survey of 728 full-time URI faculty members about their participation in the two services. DISCUSSION The majority of URI faculty does not participate in the OA Policy or use ResearchGate. Authors’ primary motivations for participation are sharing their work more broadly and increasing its visibility and impact. Faculty who participate in ResearchGate are more likely to participate in the OA Policy, and vice versa. The fact that the OA Policy targets the author manuscript and not the final published article constitutes a significant barrier to participation. CONCLUSION Librarians should not view academic social networks as a threat to Open Access. Authors’ strong preference for sharing the final, published version of their articles provides support for calls to hasten the transition to a Gold OA publishing system. Misunderstandings about the OA Policy and copyright indicate a need for librarians to conduct greater education and outreach to authors about options for legally sharing articles.
Beyond the carapace: skull shape variation and morphological systematics of long-nosed armadillos (genusDasypus)
Authors: Hautier Lionel , Billet Guillaume , de Thoisy Benoit , Delsuc Frédéric
Published: August 2017

Background

The systematics of long-nosed armadillos (genusDasypus) has been mainly based on a handful of external morphological characters and classical measurements. Here, we studied the pattern of morphological variation in the skull of long-nosed armadillos species, with a focus on the systematics of the widely distributed nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus).

Methods

We present the first exhaustive 3D comparison of the skull morphology within the genusDasypus, based on micro-computed tomography. We used geometric morphometric approaches to explore the patterns of the intra- and interspecific morphological variation of the skull with regard to several factors such as taxonomy, geography, allometry, and sexual dimorphism.

Results

We show that the shape and size of the skull vary greatly amongDasypusspecies, withDasypus pilosusrepresenting a clear outlier compared to other long-nosed armadillos. The study of the cranial intraspecific variation inDasypus novemcinctusevidences clear links to the geographic distribution and argues in favor of a revision of past taxonomic delimitations. Our detailed morphometric comparisons detected previously overlooked morphotypes of nine-banded armadillos, especially a very distinctive unit restricted to the Guiana Shield.

Discussion

As our results are congruent with recent molecular data and analyses of the structure of paranasal sinuses, we propose thatDasypus novemcinctusshould be regarded either as a polytypic species (with three to four subspecies) or as a complex of several distinct species.