bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Study of an AI-Powered Autonomous Stair Climbing Robot
Authors: RAMADAN Montaser , HİLLES Shadi M S , ALKHEDHER Mohammad
Published: October 2023

Mobile robots are frequently utilized in the surveillance sector for both industrial and military purposes. The ability to navigate stairs is crucial for carrying out surveillance jobs like urban search and rescue operations. The research paper shows that the design methodology for a six-wheeled rover robot that can adapt to various stairs and maintain its stability based on the robot's specifications, kinematics restrictions, the maximum height, and the lowest step length needed to climb up and down the stairs is proposed. Based on a Raspberry Pi, camera, and LIDAR distance sensor, the suggested robot has the capacity to measure the stair height before starting to climb. A Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) deep learning model is developed for the purpose of stair recognition. Additionally, stair alignment was estimated using statistical filtering on pictures and LIDAR distance reading. The robot can then decide whether it can climb the stairs or not based on its kinematics limitations and the height of the stairs as measured by our system. Result shows that our stair detection algorithm achieved an accuracy of 99.46% and a mean average precision of 99.64%. The proposed AI-Powered Robot-based stair recognition system, according to final results, effectively climbed stairs with a height range between 13 and 23 cm.
Development of a Technique for Increasing the Directivity of an Antenna Array in the Microwave Range
Authors: ISLAMOV Islam , RAHİMOV Agarahim , JAHANGİROV Murad , SHUKUROV Namiq , ABDULLAYEV Rashid
Published: October 2023

The paper proposes and tests an effective method for improving the directivity of diffraction-type leaky-wave antennas based on the implementation of a longitudinal change in the profile of the distribution-radiating system due to the variation of the aiming distance according to a given amplitude distribution. It has been established that changing the aiming distance along the aperture according to a theoretically calculated regularity makes it possible to improve the initial directional properties of the antenna: to reduce the maximum level of side lobes, and also to increase the antenna gain.
introduction to management and organization
Authors: lestari Imelia
Published: October 2023

introduction to managemet and organization
PANDANGAN DASAR EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: Juanda Nagita Anastasya
Published: October 2023

Ekonomi Islam memandang bahwa kelangkaan (scarcity) bukanlah problem yang asasi dari ekonomi manusia. Tidak seperti ekonomi kapitalis yang memiliki masalah di produksi, dalam ekonomi islam masalah utama nya adalah di bagian distribusi.
Introduction to management and organization
Authors: Putra Lucky Fajar Adtya
Published: October 2023

Materi : 1.1 Who Are Managers?1.2 What Is Management?1.3 What Do Managers Do?1.4 What Is An Organization?
Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography in the Evaluation of Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Din Izhar ud , Tao Song
Published: October 2023

Background: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects about 296 million people worldwide and is the leading etiology of cirrhosis and liver cancer globally. In China, chronic hepatitis B has grown to be a significant public health issue. NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) is one of the primary causes of cirrhosis in the globe. Up to 10.3% of NAFLD patients, according to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, had advanced fibrosis. These findings suggest that the real-time Shear wave elastography (SWE) can be used for the assessment of significant fibrosis, sever fibrosis and Cirrhosis. Objective: To determine the ultrasound shear wave elastography in the evaluation of liver fibrosis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at First affiliated hospital of Xinjiang Medical university, which was performed between January 2020 and March 2023. The total patients in our study was 118. In 118 consecutive patients who underwent Ultrasound Shear wave elastography (SWE) before their scheduled liver biopsy (59 men, 59 women). We used Michael Mindray ultrasound machine and its frequency was C6-1. The stages of liver fibrosis according to the METAVIR classification system. Results: F2 stage of fibrosis is more as compare as compare to others. Liver fibrosis is more common in females as comapre to males. According to the age males have higher risk as compare to females. Total patients in our study was 118. Mean age for males patienst were 44.8983 and for females 48.9492. MEAN±SD of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 92.6±116.14 u/L. The frequency of patients with F0 was 33 (28.0 %), F1 was 5 (4.2%), F2 was 58 (49.2%), F3 was 9 (7.6%) F4 was 13 (11.0%). Frequency of no fatty liver was 49, mild fatty liver was 39, moderate fatty liver was 8, sever fatty liver was 22. Hepatitis B was present in 96 patients and was not present in 22 patients out of 118. Hepatitis C was present in 116 patients and was not present in 2 patients out of 118 (1.7). P-value of hepatitis B is 0.34. P-value of hepatitis C is 1.0. P-value of stages of Liver fibrosis with respect to gender is 0.005. Conclusion: Our result concluded that fibrosis stage F2 patients are more in our study (Heaptitis B). Liver fibrosis is more common in females as comapre to males. According to the age males have higher risk as compare to females. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a straightforward, quick, and repeatable technique for noninvasively assessing liver fibrosis. Benefits include its low cost and global availability.
Enhancing Transfer Learning in Remote Sensing through Data Augmentation
Authors: fred Williams , flex fidelicy
Published: October 2023

Remote sensing has become an invaluable tool for monitoring Earth's environment, including land use, climate change, and natural disasters. To develop accurate and robust remote sensing models, transfer learning has emerged as a critical technique. Transfer learning leverages knowledge from one domain or task to improve performance on a different, but related, domain or task. This article explores the concept of enhancing transfer learning in remote sensing through data augmentation, shedding light on the significance, methods, and real-world applications of this approach.
Komunikasi Bisnis
Authors: Asip Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Sistematika penulisan buku ini diuraikan dalam sebelasbab yang memuat tentang Mengenal Komunikasi, BentukDasar Komunikasi, Tujuan Komunikasi Bisnis, Pentingnya Komunikasi Bisnis, Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Komunikasi Bisnis, Proses Komunikasi, Peran Komunikasi dalam Efektivitas Bisnis (Sebuah Upaya dalam Memperbaiki Kesalahpahaman), Surat Bisnis, Rapat dan Presentasi Bisnis, Lobi dan Negosiasi, dan bab terakhir yaitu Wawancara
TEKUN MELAKUKAN KEHENDAK ALLAH
Authors: Harahap Ramli
Published: October 2023

Minggu ini kita memasuki Minggu Ketujuhbelas setelah Trinitatis. Tema yang akan kita renungkan adalah “Tekun Melakukan Kehendak Allah”. Ungkapan merupakan suatu konsep atau prinsip dalam konteks kehidupan rohani yang mengacu pada sikap dan tindakan yang menunjukkan ketaatan dan kesetiaan seseorang terhadap Allah dan ajaran-Nya.
Pengaruh Kompetensi, Motivasi Kerja dan Disiplin Yang Berdampak Terhadap Kinerja Tenaga Pendamping
Authors: Kambuaya Quincy F. , Srem Ade Irma A. , Ma'Arif Acmad N.S
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of competency variables, work motivation and discipline that have an impact on the performance of assistants in the Department of Industry, Trade, Cooperatives and SMEs in Jayapura City. The sample unit in this study is a staff of 42 employees, taken using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and Multiple Regression Analysis. The results showed that (1). Simultaneously, the variables of competence, work motivation, and discipline have a significant positive impact on the performance of assistants but are significant (2). Partially, the competence variable has a positive and significant effect, however, motivation has a positive and significant effect and the discipline variable has a positive and significant effect on the performance of the assistants (3). The variable of work motivation dominantly has a significant effect on the performance of the assistant staff.
Introduction to Organization Behavior
Authors: Widianti Indri
Published: October 2023

Perilaku adalah tindakan atau perbuatan seseorang/tim/organisasi yang dapat diamati dan bahkan dipelajari. Organisasi adalah kelompok orang yang saling berinteraksi, bekerja sama, melakukan aktivitas yang berkaitan satu sama lain untuk mencapai. Perilaku Organisasi adalah kajian tentang apa yang orang pikirkan, rasakan, dan lakukan di dalam dan sekitar organisasi.
A Tale of Disadvantage: The Impact of Socioeconomic Deprivation on Heart Failure Self-Care Among Patients with a 90-Day Readmission
Authors: Meraz Rebecca , McGee Jocelyn , Osteen Kathryn
Published: October 2023

Background: Residence in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods contributes to worse heart failure outcomes and may influence patient’s heart failure self-care adherence. However, the association between the degree of neighborhood disadvantage and heart failure self-care is unclear. Objective: The purpose of this secondary analysis was to investigate whether neighborhood disadvantage predicted HF self-care adherence.Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of baseline data from a mixed-method study of 82 adults with heart failure. Participant zip codes were assigned a degree of neighborhood disadvantage using the Area Deprivation Index (ADI). Those in the top 20% most disadvantaged neighborhoods (ADI > 80) were compared to those in the least disadvantaged neighborhoods (ADI < 80). The self-care of heart failure index was used to measure self-care maintenance and monitoring. Simple linear regression examined whether neighborhood disadvantage predicted HF self-care adherence. Results: Of all participants, 59.8% were male, 59.8% were persons of color and the mean age was 64.87 years. Residing in a highly disadvantaged neighborhood predicted poor adherence to HF self-care maintenance and monitoring. While persons of color were more likely to reside in neighborhoods with high disadvantage, individual sociodemographic characteristics were not associated with HF self-care. Conclusion: Residing in a disadvantaged neighborhood may be an important risk factor for heart failure self-care nonadherence. Differences in heart failure self-care adherence cannot be attributed solely to the individual-level social determinants of race, annual household, marital status, or level of education. More research is needed to understand the connection between neighborhood disadvantage and heart failure self-care.
RESUME INTRODUCTION OF MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATIONS NADA AULIA R
Authors: Martadiharja Nada Aulia Rahman
Published: October 2023

Deskripsi dan pengenalan mengenai manajemen, organisasi, dan manajerial.
Introduce to organizational behavior
Authors: Yuskasari Riska
Published: October 2023

Materi perilaku organisasi mengenai introduction to organizational behavior dan studi kasus.
Pengelolaan Kelas: Strategi dan Pendekatan dalam Pengelolaan Kelas yang Bermutu dan Efektif
Authors: Asip Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Kelas merupakan laboratorium belajar, tempat di managagasan dan pengetahuan di salurkan kepada generasi Bangsa. Pengelolaan kelas yang baik menjadi kunci dalam menciptakan lingkungan yang mendukung pertumbuhan intelektual, emosional, dan sosial peserta didik. Buku ini, membahas strategi dan pendekatan, dan praktik untuk membantu pendidik dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan. Selain itu, buku ini menguraikan urgensi pengelolaan kelas, ruang lingkup pengelolaan kelas, standarisasi penataan ruang kelas, peran dan fungsi pendidik dalam pengelolaan kelas, faktor yang memengaruhi pengelolaan kelas, persyaratan lingkungan belajar, komunikasi pembelajaran, dan pengelolaan kelas bermutu dan efektif. Setiap bab buku ini akan mengintegrasikan teori dan praktik.
Pentingnya Alat Permainan Edukatif Bagi Anak
Authors: Asip Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Buku ini terdiri atas 10 bab yang dijelaskan secara rinci dalam pembahasan antara lain mengenai: Konsep Dan Aplikasi Tumbuh Kembang Anak; Konsep Dasar Dan Aplikasi Bermain Pada Usia Anak; Manfaat Alat Permainan Edukatif (APE) Bagi Anak; Peran Orang Tua Dalam Proses Bermain Anak Dan Pemilihan Alat Permainan Edukatif; Peran Guru Di Sekolah Memberikan Pendidikan Dan Mengembangkan Alat Permainan Edukatif; Peran Tenaga Kesehatan Dan Layanan Kesehatan Dalam Perawatan Anak Dengan Memanfaatkan Alat Permainan; Klasifikasi Dan Jenis Alat Permainan Edukatif (APE) Bagi Anak; Tips Dan Strategi Memilih Alat Permainan Edukatif (APE); Pemanfaatan Lingkungan Dan Alam Dalam Menciptakan Alat Permainan Edukatif; Aplikasi APE Berbasis Evidence Based Practice.
Foundational Origins of Change in the Universe
Authors: Vesterby Vincent
Published: October 2023

The universe is continuously new due to the roles of seven omnipresent sources of change. These foundational sources of change are here identified and described. While each source of change is unique, they each initiate change in the form of noncoexistent-sequential-difference, which is the core characteristic of change. The occurrence of noncoexistent-sequential-difference, the occurrence of change, initiates the existence of something new. Each unique source of change initiates a unique form of newness. These sources of change, and the different manners in which their change occurs as noncoexistent-sequential-difference, and the forms of newness they initiate, are interrelated due to existential-context, existential-dependency, factor development, and deep-structure. Complex forms of change, such as plate tectonics, biological evolution, the development of culture, and stellar evolution, are based on the seven foundational forms of change together interrelating with diverse other factors.
introduction to management and organizations
Authors: lestari Imelia
Published: October 2023

rangkuman materi introduction to management and organisation
Enhancing Multi-Domain Learning in Remote Sensing for Earth Observation
Authors: flex fidelicy
Published: October 2023

Remote sensing plays a crucial role in Earth observation by providing valuable insights into our planet's dynamic processes and changes. In recent years, the field of remote sensing has seen significant advancements, especially with the integration of multi-domain learning techniques. Multi-domain learning involves training models to perform effectively on data from multiple domains, thereby enhancing the versatility and robustness of remote sensing applications.
Country Differences in Long-Term Care Institutions: Towards a Care Regime Typology
Authors: van Damme Maike , Spijker Jeroen
Published: October 2023

Objective: This study generates a classification of 26 European OECD countries with respect to care regimes, based on indicators measured around 2009 and 2017. Building upon the literature, two important dimensions of care arrangements are empirically tested: de-familialization and familialism. Method: Latent profile analyses show how these two dimensions indicate different types of care regimes. The grouping of countries is based on indicators of institutional care for the young and for the old. Results: The results show six care regime types: ‘defamilialized-universal caregiver’; ‘defamilialized-women caregiver’; ‘defamilialized-young/family care-old’; ‘family care-young/supported familialism-old’; ‘supported familialism’; ‘familialism-by-default’. Conclusion and Implications: This classification contributes to developing a theoretical framework of care institutions. In addition, insight is gained into general contextual care institution effects on citizens lives in Europe.
Nintendo - Super Mario Bros. (Supplement III:35-4)
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: October 2023

GCCX cont. (Supplement to the history of computer science and tech.)
Development and Validation of the Ethnic-Racial Discrimination Stress Inventory (ERDSI) for Mexican-Origin U.S. Adults and Turkish-Origin German Adults
Authors: Rodriguez Norma , Flores Ramon T. , Scholaske Laura
Published: October 2023

Objectives. We developed the 26-item Ethnic-Racial Discrimination Stress Inventory (ERDSI) to assess ethnic-racial discrimination stress in Mexican-origin adults in the United States (U.S.) and Turkish-origin adults in Germany, two groups with similar sociocultural characteristics and immigration experiences.Method. We developed 73 items measuring firsthand, intragroup, and vicarious discrimination, and internalization and expectations of discrimination experiences. If participants reported experiencing a given situation, they were asked to rate its stressfulness. U.S.-based Mexican-origin adults (N = 222) and German-based Turkish-origin adults (N = 105) completed an online survey of these items, measures of related constructs, and sociodemographic measures. Results. Study 1: We eliminated items based on inter-item correlations and exploratory factor analyses (EFA) in the U.S.-based Mexican sample. The EFA yielded four reliable and valid factors (F1: Vicarious Discrimination Stress, seven items; F2: Internalization of Discrimination Stress, seven items; F3: Intragroup Discrimination Stress, seven items; and F4: Firsthand Discrimination Stress, five items). The ERDSI factors predicted well-being measures, even after adjusting for control variables.Study 2: The three ERDSI factors (F1, F2, F4, not F3) that applied to the German-based Turkish sample demonstrated reliability and validity. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) demonstrated metric invariance for F2 and partial strong factorial invariance for F1, F3, and F4.Conclusions. The ERDSI can be used to assess ethnic-racial discrimination stress in future studies with U.S.-based Mexican-origin adults and German-based Turkish-origin adults. Keywords: ethnic-racial discrimination, internalization, stress, ethnic minority, cross-cultural
On a Place in Time
Authors:   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Teslya Andrei A.
Published: October 2023

The essay is a comment on Larisa Deriglazova’s article “Time Is Out of Joint”: EU and Russia in Quest of Themselves in Time.” The author argues that modernization does not mean an approximation to a certain normative, but the solution of one’s own tasks, which cannot be achieved by means of simple reproduction or extensive growth of what already exists. Whereas the transfer of the European model of modernization to new EU member-states is supported by external control, for Russia the question of political modernization becomes radically more complex, as it implies not only a response to external challenges, but also the establishment of institutions adequate to domestic demands. The European institutions of liberal-democratic consensus, the very model of political participation that has looked triumphant at the end of the 20th century, is now in a deep crisis.
Global Encirclement and Prospects of Socialism in the 21st Century
Authors:   Institute of World Economics, Budapest, Hungary, Artner Annamária
Published: October 2023

This article aims to contribute to the discussion about the ongoing transformation of the present unipolar, hegemonistic capitalist world order to a multipolar and fairer global system. The author claims that this transformation is taking place through the encirclement of the imperialist center by the developing and emerging countries of the global periphery. Previous waves of global encirclement are described and the reasons for its decline in the 20th century are analyzed. The paper also discusses the role played by China and Russia in the struggle for a multipolar world in the 21st century. The author argues that only a non-hegemonic multipolar world order can guarantee nations an independent choice of their path of socio-economic development and open the way for a socialism-oriented transformation in all countries.
The Role of Clinical Pharmacist in Reducing Drug Related Problems in Decompensated Liver cirrhosis patients
Authors: Alobeidi Ameer , Mohammed Y. Jamal
Published: October 2023

Patients with decompensated cirrhosis have typically prescribed a combination of therapeutic and prophylactic medications. Polypharmacy increases the probability of medication errors and drug related problems. Clinical pharmacists are highly effective at identifying, resolving, and preventing clinically important drug-related problems in their patients' care. The objectives of the study were the identification and classification of drug-related problems, as well as the discussion of these problems with health care providers (physicians, pharmacists, and nurses) and patients. Reduce their incidence as effectively as possible and educate all research participants on the significance of following their prescribed drug regimen. Prospective, interventional, clinical study for 80 hospitalized decompensated liver cirrhosis patients was designed in two phases, an observational phase to identify drug related problems and classify them according to the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe classification version 9.1, and an interventional phase to increase the awareness of patients and the health care providers about those problems and to propose a proper solution for each one. The majority of drug-related problems were attributable to the Effect of drug treatment not optimal in 41.5%, Adverse drug events (possibly) occurring in 41.5 %, and Untreated symptoms or indications in 17%. Causes were Drug dose too high in 30.2%, Patient unintentionally using the drug in the wrong way in 22.6%, and Prescribed drug not available in 13.2%. Omeprazole and lactulose were the most common medications causing problems. Acceptance and full implementation were high and observed in 71.7% of pharmacist interventions while 15.1% of the intervention have no agreement. Significant numbers of Iraqi patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis have drug-related problems, and the use of proton pump inhibitors in too high dose was accountable for a large number of problems. Physicians and clinical pharmacists collaborated exceptionally well
Evaluation of The Effect of Fisetin against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Myelosuppression and Oxidative Stress in Male Albino Rats
Authors: Jabbar Amani , Alshawi Nada Naji
Published: October 2023

Myelosuppression is a serious disease that is related to the malfunction of blood cells production that leads to cytopenia which is the most serious hematologic toxicity of cancer chemotherapies including cyclophosphamide, which is a strong oxazaphosphorine [a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent] that can be used alone or combined with other chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of different malignant diseases. It induces severe bone marrow suppression by damaging hematopoietic stem cells through the generation of oxidative stress. Fisetin is a hydrophobic polyphenolic compound with a wide range of pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, osteoprotective, antidiabetic, and anti-carcinogenic activities. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of fisetin alone and pretreatment with cyclophosphamide on some selected hematological and oxidative stress parameters in the male rats model. Animals were randomly divided into 4 groups each with 7 rats. The first group received 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (negative control group). The second group received oral fisetin.  The third group received a single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of cyclophosphamide (CP) and the fourth group received fisetin for 7 constitutive days than a single IP injection of CP on day 7. Results showed that both fisetin and CP significantly reduced the total white blood cells and platelet counts compared to such counts in negative control/Group I (P<0.05) when each administered alone and in combination. Furthermore, results viewed that fisetin significantly increased GSH and SOD1, and decrease MDA levels in serum compared to such levels in CP (Group III) rats (P<0.05). The study concluded that the administration of fisetin alone causes leukopenia and thrombocytopenia and this decrease augmented in combination with CP; while exhibiting a strong antioxidant effect against CP induced-oxidative stress.
Comparative Study for Citrus Fruits Phytochemical Screening and In-vitro Antioxidant Activity
Authors: AL-KHALIFA IHAB IBRAHIM , Rand A. Aziz  , Mohammed K.Abbas  , Mohammed M. Fadhil
Published: October 2023

Oxidative stress is one of pharmacological & toxicology mechanisms as  an important pathological mechanism proposed for many diseases including cancer . Plant components that include antioxidant components are becoming more popular as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants because of their ability to eliminate free-radical intermediates and prevent further oxidation, Citrus genus, which belongs to the Rutaceae family, comprises among of the world's most frequently harvested crops due to its many nutritional and health advantages.

The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the prepared extract shown the presence of several constituents of citrus peels as Alkaloids, Phenolics , Flavonoids and rutin. Moreover , The result of in-vitro antioxidants activity of both citrus species showed that DPPH radical scavenging activity for  peel extract demonstrate dose-dependent inhibition with IC50 was calculated (287.32 ug/ml and 341.89 µg/ml) for pomelo & orange respectively compared to IC50 value of vitamin C which was 260.06 µg/ml as standard antioxidant . in conclusion , study results showed that pomelo peel show higher antioxidant activity compared to orange moreover, citrus peel has significant antioxidant qualities and is a potentially rich source of natural antioxidants, and PPE scavenges DPPH and reactive oxygen radicals very effectively.
Efficacy and Safety of Thymoquinone on Suppression of Tumor Growth in N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-Nitrosamine -Induced Bladder Cancer in Rats
Authors: Salih Hamaamin Qadir Karmand , Marouf Bushra Hassan
Published: October 2023

Bladder cancer is one of the most common genitourinary malignancies worldwide, the therapeutic approaches for suppression of urothelial tumor and progression toward distant metastasis are not convincing. The present study was conducted to explore the curative effect and safety of THQ in N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) induced bladder cancer in rat.

Twenty-two male Wister albino rats were allocated into three group G1; served as control (n=6) received only the vehicle. G2: carcinogen group (n=6); animals had 0.05% BBN in drinking water for nine weeks. G3: Treatment group (n=10); THQ was administered at a dose of 50mg/Kg/day orally one week prior to the last exposure of BBN and continued till week 20. The bladder wall of all the animals was examined macroscopically for assessment of the number and the surface area of the lesions using Image J software program. Histopathological evaluation was also done for abnormal morphological alterations. Serum was analyzed for measurement of total oxidant status (TOS) and nuclear factor kappa- κB (NF-κB), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Safety of THQ in respect of hematological, liver and renal function were also investigated. Bladder lesions in the THQ-treated group was reduced versus the carcinogen group. Histopathological findings in THQ-treated group demonstrated a significant improvement in the abnormal morphological growth in bladder, the TOS, NF-kβ, TGF-β, VEGF were mitigated non-significantly in the treatment group. The safety profile of THQ showed no significant deleterious effect on hematological, liver and renal function parameters with no signs of toxicity. THQ inhibited the development of neoplastic, preneoplastic transformations and it suppressed premalignant and malignant lesion formation in a rat model of bladder cancer. This might be due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of THQ. These data suggested that THQ may be effective and safe in ameliorating urinary bladder carcinogenesis.
Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Pulmonary Function Tests
Authors: Abdulsaid Ruaa , Sajid Azza , Kadhim Akar Talib
Published: October 2023

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that may affect different organs including the lungs. Different studies have been published on the effects of diabetes mellitus on pulmonary function. A restrictive pattern of lung disorder was reported in some studies, whereas an obstructive pattern was suggested in others. The study aims to determine the impact of type 2 diabetes on pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and the type of respiratory disorder. Material and Methods: This observational study was conducted in Basrah City, Iraq. One hundred and eighty-two participants were enrolled and divided into 2 groups: 100 healthy (group1) and 82 patients with type2 diabetes mellitus (group 2).PFTs were estimated by a medical spirometer and measurements of several hematological tests were done for each individual. Results: We found a significant decline (p >0.05) in each of FEV1, FVC, PEF, and MVV and a significant increase in ELA in group 2. The restrictive pulmonary disorder was a higher percentage (24.39%) than obstruction (10.9%) and combined (2.43%). Conclusion: Pulmonary function tests were significantly affected by type2 DM and the percentages of different respiratory disorders were higher among group 2 than in group 1, with an increase in restrictive pattern.
Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Effects of Cinnamic Acid Against Dextran Sodium Sulfate Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Male Mice
Authors: Habboby Maysam , Munaf Hashim Abdulrazzaq
Published: October 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. ulcerative colitis (UC)  disease is characterized by chronic, persistent, recurrent, and nonspecific intestinal ulcers and mucosal inflammation. This study investigated the protective effects of cinnamic acid on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Forty adult male mice were collected and randomly divided into five groups, group Ӏ received a suspension of distill water and poloxamer, and group ӀӀ received 3% DSS in drinking water for 7 consecutive days. Two treatment groups received an oral suspension of cinnamic acid 50 and 25 mg/kg respectively and 3% DSS in drinking water, for 7 consecutive days and the final group received an oral suspension of cinnamic acid 50mg/kg for 7 days without DSS in drinking water. after All the animals were euthanized on day eight. The sample was collected for analysis. DSS with cinnamic acid 50 mg/kg group revealed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in Tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, nuclear factor-κB ,cinnamic acid 25mg/kg revealed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in Tumor necrosis factor α and nuclear factor-κB but not significant (p>0.05)reduction in IL-6 when compared to the model group. Histopathological examination showed a significant reduction of inflammatory signs in all cinnamic acid-treated groups when compared to the DSS model group.

In conclusion, the treatment with cinnamic acid significantly decreased the levels of DSS-associated oxidative stress. This finding supports the idea that the use of this substance could be used as a potential therapy for patients with ulcerative colitis.
Genetic Polymorphism in TNF-α Promoter Region: Its Association with Severity and Susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis in Iraqi Patients with Active Disease
Authors: Abdulameer Khalid abdulhussein , Hashim Zainab
Published: October 2023

Objectives: To study the prevalence of rs1799964 (-1031 T/C) and rs361525 (- 238 G/A) SNPs and their effect on the disease activity, severity, and cytokines production in newly diagnosed Iraqi rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Patients and Methods: sixty-three patients were diagnosed by a specialist physician while attending the rheumatology unit and twenty control participated. The inflammatory markers were measured and PCR amplification and sequencing were performed to demonstrate TNF-α SNPs.

Results: Regarding (-1031 C/T) SNP, the TT genotype and allele C were significantly present in the controls, and the CT genotype was distributed significantly in the patients. The TT genotype was mostly distributed in the mild-moderate group, while the CT genotype and allele C were significantly distributed in the severe group. DAS28, TNF-α, IL-1, and ACPA were significantly associated with this SNP. While non-significant differences appeared in the analysis of -238 G/A SNP.

Conclusion: The presence of the CT genotype and C allele of) -1031 C/T( was associated with susceptibility to RA. While the CT genotype and C allele were associated with more severe disease. Also, TT genotype was associated with less severe disease. Furthermore, an association between -1031 C/T and the inflammatory markers and DAS28 was reported.
Assessing the reliability of serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor as a marker for diabetic nephropathy prediction in type 2 diabetes patients and the effect of ACE inhibitors on its level
Authors: Sumaya B. Abdulrahman  , Eman S. Saleh  , Sabah M. Saeedi
Published: October 2023

Abstract Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent chronic microvascular diabetic complication. As inflammation plays a vital role in the development and progress of DN the macrophages migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory multifunctional cytokine approved to play a critical function in inflammatory responses in various pathologic situations like DN. This study aimed To assess serum levels of MIF in a sample of Iraqi diabetic patients with nephropathy supporting its validity as a marker for predicting nephropathy in T2DM patients. In addition, to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in terms of their influence on MIF levels. This is a case-control study involving ninety subjects that have been divided into three groups: twenty apparently healthy control group and seventy patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus divided into two equal groups according to the presence of diabetic nephropathy that has been further divided into two groups according to the use of ACE inhibitors or not. Serum MIF, urea, creatinine, RBS, HbA1c, BMI, eGFR, and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio have been measured for each subject. Serum MIF’s highest levels were observed in the diabetic nephropathy patients (24.9 ng/ml) followed by the diabetics (14. 1 ng/ml) with the lowest level observed in the control group (4.8 ng/ml). There was a significant relation between MIF levels and ACE inhibitors (p-value <0.05) with reduced MIF levels in ACE inhibitors users. The ROC curve showed that MIF has a good performance in disease prediction. These findings support the reliability of MIF as a biomarker for the prediction of diabetic nephropathy and the possible reducing effect of ACE inhibitors on MIF levels.
Potential Activity of Serunai Leaf Ethanol Extract (Chromolaena Odorata L.) Against the Healing of Burns
Authors: Helmidanora Rusdiati , Wijaya Heri , Musakir
Published: October 2023

Wounds are a problem that everyone often experiences, especially burns, so they need to be addressed. In South Sulawesi, chrysanthemum leaves are believed to heal wounds. This study aimed to determine whether there was an effect of healing burns on the backs of mice by administering ethanol extract of Serunai leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.). The research conducted is experimental. The object under study is the process of healing burns on the back of male white mice. The study was conducted on 25 male white mice divided into five groups of test animals, each group consisting of 5 male white mice. The first group was given positive control (+) branded ointment, and the second group was given negative control (-) vaseline flavum, the third group was given ethanol extract of Serunai leaves with a concentration of 5%, the fourth group was given ethanol extract of Serunai leaves with a concentration of 10%. The fifth group was given ethanol extract. Serunai leaves with a concentration of 20%, and each group was replicated five times. Data were obtained from observing burns until the skin's surface on the back of the mice was covered and calculated using AUC and analyzed by the OneWay Anova test. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Serunai leaves had the potential for healing burns. Each concentration has a burn healing power of 5% (48.76%), 10% (60.34%), and 20% (67.54%) concentration.
A Single Centre Case-Series of Covid-19 Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Dighe Tushar , Bavikar Purva , Shinde Nilesh , Wakhare Pavan , Bale Charan , Sajgure Atul
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has mutated over time, affecting its virulence, pathogenicity and disease severity. In December 2019, a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged causing a disease known as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The COVID-19 has a broad spectrum of severity ranging from an asymptomatic to a severe acute respiratory syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation. COVID-19 is often more severe in people aged 60 years or more, or those with health conditions like lung or heart disease, diabetes, or conditions that affect the immune system including kidney transplant recipients. In this case series, we presented our experience with 17 kidney transplant recipients who had COVID-19 infection. In India, COVID-19 peaked twice: once between August and November 2020, and again between March and June 2021. Thus, there was paucity of COVID-19 data in kidney transplant recipients in India during these times. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Our case series constituted a retrospective observational study involving 17 kidney transplant recipients who experienced COVID-19 infection from November 2020 to September 2021 at a solitary tertiary care center in Pune. Within our institution, the nephrology team assessed kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 for appropriate immunosuppression dosing, renal drug clearance when deemed necessary, and overall well-being. Treatment for COVID-19 adhered to institutional protocols. RESULTS: In our case series, majority of the patients (n=13) had COVID-19 in March 2021 to July 2021 and the commonest presenting symptoms were fever and cough. Out of 17 kidney transplant recipients included in this case series, 13 patients survived while 4 patients succumbed to infection. CONCLUSION: An individualized, case-based approach to managing transplant recipients with COVID-19 is crucial for achieving favorable clinical outcomes.
A Scoping Review of Female Genital Mutilation and its Effects on Sexual Function and Sexual Satisfaction
Authors: Nusee Zalina , Musa Ramli , Ismail Hamizah , Jamani Nurjasmine Aida , Mohd Arifin Siti Roshaidai , Mohd Zaki Muhammad Aqlan , Abd Aziz Karimah Hanim , Yusof Nurul Mutmainnah
Published: October 2023

The practice of female circumcision (FC), particularly female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), has been controversial as it is regarded as physically and mentally harmful and violates human rights. The purpose of this study is to perform a scoping review aiming to evaluate and compare the effects of FC and FGM/C on the sexual function of the affected women, including the Google Scholar, EBSCO Discovery Service, PubMed, ProQuest Health & Medical Complete, and Wiley Online Library between the year 1999 to 2020. The following keywords were used: ‘Female Circumcision’, ‘Female Genital Mutilation, ‘Female Genital Cutting’, ‘Female Circumcision and Sexual Function’, and ‘Female Circumcision and Sexual Satisfaction. A total of 72 articles related to FC and sexual function or satisfaction were retrieved, and 30 articles met the inclusion criteria. Based on the analysis of the final 30 articles, most of the articles described the detrimental effects of FGM/C on sexual function and sexual satisfaction. However, future studiesMaround the less invasive types of FGM/C are required to better reflect on FGM/C on female health. FGM is detrimental to female sexual satisfaction. However, a different method of FC that is less invasive may provide different outcomes. Therefore, a comprehensive guideline on proper FC techniques is needed for education among medical practitioners to prevent any adverse effects on sexuality.
Prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction and its Associated Factors among Men in Government Health Clinics in Kuantan, Pahang
Authors: Wan Mahmud Wan Fatimah Suriyani , Che Man Mohammad , Yusof Muhammad Zubir , Ab Rashid Islah Munjih , Che Alhadi Shahidah , Osman Iskandar Firzada
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a significant issue that should not be ignored in the clinical setting and can negatively affect the quality of life of patients and their partners. This study aims to determine the prevalence of ED and its associated factors among men who visited 12 government health clinics in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between July and October 2021, 300 males aged 18 to 60 participated in this cross-sectional study at 12 government health clinics in Kuantan. Information on demographic data, medical history, and lifestyle of the participants was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire that included a validated Malay version of the 21 item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21) and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of self-reported ED was 69.3%. In terms of severity, 45.7% had mild, 20.7% mild-to-moderate, 2.3% moderate, and 1% severe ED. Multivariate analysis showed that ED associated with diabetes (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.13–7.79); anxiety (OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.06 – 7.67) and household income (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.18–0.95). CONCLUSION: ED was high in our study population. Diabetes mellitus, anxiety and household income were significantly associated with ED.
Post Vaginal Delivery with Impending Silent Abdominal Catastrophe: A Case of Vernix Caseosa Peritonitis
Authors: Mohd Yusof Nur Nadia , Mohd Samat Noryani , Mohd Judin Azizol
Published: October 2023

Vernix caseosa peritonitis (VCP) is a rare condition previously thought to be a complication of Caesarean section caused by the spillage of amniotic fluid and or meconium into the maternal peritoneal cavity during operation.1 This triggered an inflammatory reaction symptom such as an acute abdomen. A total of 34 cases has been reported since 1976.2 Nine of the 10 cases reported have been diagnosed in postpartum period after uneventful Caesarean section and only three reported cases of antenatal leakage since in 1998.3 VCP following vaginal delivery was first reported in 2013, involving a 28 year old with one previous scar who developed acute abdomen symptoms as early as 3 hours post vacuum delivery, with initial diagnosis of possible uterine scar rupture.4 Here we report a case of VCP in a post spontaneous vaginal delivery who presented with impending catastrophe and survived the ordeal.
Perception Towards COVID-19 Vaccination-A Cross-Sectional Study in Iraq
Authors: Yousif Miami , Almuhyi Ahmad A. , Albadwi Haneen A. , Almuhyi Rand A.
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION: The current COVID-19 pandemic has urged the scientific community globally to find answers in terms of therapeutics including vaccination to control the disease. Various COVID-19 vaccines have been distributed in many countries, including Iraq. Vaccination program will only be successful when there are high rates of acceptance and coverage. Thus, to accomplish this program, it is critical to understand the perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine and its acceptance. Therefore, our study was performed to investigate community perceptions towards COVID-19 vaccinations in Iraq. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Iraq from March 2021 to June 2021. We enrolled a total of 9,620 participants (3,160 men and 6,460 women). The participants responded to an online survey on COVID-19 vaccination which consisted of three sections of questionnaires. The first section (Section A) was on demographic characteristics of respondents including age, gender, occupation, level of education, and residency whereas the second section (Section B) was on the respondent’s perception toward COVID-19 vaccine, with nine inquiries about reasons for fearing COVID-19 vaccine. The final section (Section C) was questions on the type of vaccine they prefer to receive, once it is made available. RESULTS: Of the total respondents, 70.68% were not keen for a COVID-19 vaccination. Some of the respondents’ concerns were that the vaccines are not safe and may cause infection with COVID-19, infertility, congenital infection, and fetal anomalies. Majority of respondents who accepted to be vaccinated trusted the Pfizer vaccine followed by Sinopharm vaccine. CONCLUSION: Hesitancy for COVID-19 vaccination among participants were mainly due to lack of trust in the safety and efficacy of the vaccine and also feared of being infected and death. Thus, the healthcare providers and community leaders should come out with strategies to decrease the hesitancy and increase the acceptability of the vaccines.
The Association of Sugar and Sugar Substitutes to Breast, Lung, and Oral Cancer Cell Lines: A Scoping Review
Authors: Zainal Mukarramah , Md Asri Nur Sabrina , Mohamed Faizal Nur Sabrina , Said Gulam Khan Hasnah Begum , Wan Ahmad Kamil Wan Nurhazirah , Mohd Sarmin Nurul ‘Izzah , Mohd Kornain Noor Kaslina , Arzmi Mohd Hafiz
Published: October 2023

Cancer which synonymously known as neoplasia is a genetic disorder of cell growth that is triggered by acquired or less commonly inherited mutations affecting a single cell and its clonal progeny. The aims of this scoping review was to investigate the role of sugar and sugar substitutes in breast, lung, and oral cancers with a hypothesis that sugar promoted carcinogenesis. Three databases (EBSCO, PubMed, and Scopus) were searched from January 2010 to December 2021 to identify the preclinical studies eligible for this scoping review. The review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A total of 361 articles were reviewed and the qualitative synthesis used 12 of these articles. Based on the qualitative synthesis, four studies reported dietary sugar (glucose- and/or sucrose) induced cancer progression, one study revealed sugar substitute (aspartame) induced cancer proliferation, seven studies reported that sugar substitutes inhibit cancer proliferation, and one study reported that sucrose promotes cancer while xylitol inhibits cancer. In addition., it was reported that D-allose and cisplatin have a synergistic effect in treating cancer. In conclusion, simple sugar intake is associated with an increased risk of carcinogenesis. In contrast, sugar substitutes inhibit cancer cell line progression, subsequently acting as a potential cancer therapy, thus supporting the study's hypothesis.