bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exact vibration solution for three versions of Timoshenko beam theory: A unified dynamic stiffness matrix method
Authors: Zhou Hao , Ling Mingxiang , Yin Yihui , Hu Hao , Wu Shilei
Published: November 2023

This paper introduces a unified and exact method for the vibration solution of three versions of Timoshenko beam theory, namely the classical Timoshenko beam theory (TBT), truncated Timoshenko beam theory (T-TBT), and slope inertia Timoshenko beam theory (S-TBT). The proposed unified method enables the free vibration analysis of these three beam theories performed by only one equation, which avoids separate modeling and solution with different beam theories. Firstly, the comparison of three beam theories is conducted with a special focus on deriving the governing differential equation of T-TBT based on Hamilton’s principle. Then, two parameters are introduced to unify the three governing differential equations. The dynamic stiffness matrix is derived in a unified form by reducing the order of inverse matrix operation from 2 n to n, allowing the dynamic properties of three beam theories to be characterized with only a single model. Additionally, this paper also derives the unified frequency-dependent mass and stiffness matrices based on the unified dynamic stiffness matrix, which eliminates the limitation of DSM in studying the independent influence of the structure's mass and stiffness characteristics. Finally, the discrepancies of the three beam theories are discussed under different boundary conditions and aspect ratios.
Investigation of the influence of nano-sized particles on the entanglement distribution of a generic polymer nanocomposite using molecular dynamics
Authors: Seibert Jakob , Pfaller Sebastian , Ries Maximilian
Published: November 2023

The addition of nano-sized filler particles to polymers leads to significant improvements in their mechanical properties. These can be traced back to the matrix–filler interactions of the interphase, which can be analyzed using molecular dynamic simulations. Usually, research in this context studies the general number of entanglements or the radius of gyration. However, this publication presents a novel approach by investigating the radial distribution of entanglements in an effort to characterize the interphase. To this end, we employ a coarse-grained model for a generic polymer composite and study multiple systems with varying particle radius and matrix–filler adhesion. Furthermore, the highly customizable and computationally efficient nanocomposite system developed during this research serves as a foundation for the further characterization of polymer nanocomposites and their interphases.
Methodological approaches and main factors considered in school soundscape studies: A scoping review
Authors: Kurukose Cal Hatice Kubra , Kang Jian , Aletta Francesco
Published: November 2023

School acoustics is pivotal for children’s well-being given their substantial time commitment to education within these environments, with potential positive or negative impacts. Soundscape has gained relevance in various settings, including indoor environments, and explores both positive and negative responses of individuals to sounds within a context. This scoping review aims to investigate the application of the soundscape approach within the school environment, with a primary focus on evaluating perceptions of the acoustic environment. It aims to identify key factors considered in the studies, such as age groups, sound sources, and methodologies. A Scopus search was conducted, covering the period from January 2000 to September 2023. The search was limited to peer-reviewed articles published in English. The inclusion criteria required studies to investigate schools and assess the perceptions. After screening, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria from 49 articles. The most targeted age cohort was primary school-aged children. Yet, the need to consider secondary school children’s perceptions persists. The dominant sounds investigated were categorized as “negative” sounds, referring to auditory stimuli that are commonly perceived as unpleasant. These negative sounds were primarily traffic-induced noise. The prevailing method used was questionnaires. To advance school soundscape research, exploring secondary school-aged children’s views would provide valuable insights. By enhancing knowledge in this field, researchers can improve school acoustics for student well-being. Notably, a limitation of this review is that soundscape studies have centered around urban environments so far. Consequently, there have been only a limited number of studies examining indoor environments, and even less for schools.
Waitlist-controlled trial of an online intervention to address mental health among older people living with HIV
Authors: Berko Jeff , Mazonson Peter , Short Duncan , Karris Maile , Ehui Lynsay , Gutner Cassidy A , Spinelli Frank , Zolopa Andrew
Published: November 2023

Background: Older people living with HIV (PLWH) often experience elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and loneliness.

Methods: This waitlist-controlled trial examined the effectiveness of online audio mindfulness lessons in impacting these feelings among older PLWH.

Results: Among 214 participants, the mean (SD) age was 60.4 (5.9) years, 89% were male, and 69% were white. After 25 days, the intervention group showed significant improvements versus the waitlist control group in symptoms of depression (20.3% improvement,  p < .01) and symptoms of anxiety (22.4% improvement,  p = .03), but not in loneliness as measured by a Daily Diary (12.9% improvement,  p = .07) or the 3-Item Loneliness Scale (4.8% improvement,  p = .27). Secondary analyses among participants with elevated baseline symptoms of depression showed a 26.3% improvement ( p < .01), with a moderate effect size (Hedge’s g = 0.69). Similarly, those with elevated baseline symptoms of anxiety showed a 25.6% improvement ( p < .01), a moderate effect size (g = 0.54), while those with moderate or severely elevated loneliness showed an 18.9% improvement in daily loneliness ( p < .01), a moderate effect size (g = 0.55).

Conclusion: This waitlist-controlled trial is the first to show that a series of brief, online audio mindfulness lessons improves mental health outcomes among older PLWH. For many patients, this intervention may offer relief that is both accessible and affordable.
Krishan Kumar Ahuja: A brief history and testimonial to the half century of achievements in acoustics
Authors: Mendoza Jeffrey M
Published: November 2023

This paper provides some personal background, technical achievements, and a few testimonials from those who Professor Krishan Kumar Ahuja has worked with throughout his career. I have known Krish as an advisor, a colleague, and as someone I would consider a friend since my graduate school enrollment at Georgia Tech. He not only supported my research in pursuit of an MS and PhD but has been a constant reliable source of technical and professional advice throughout my young career and today, over 30 years later. This paper contains contributions from Krish’s wife Philippa, and from several students and colleagues. It has information from a small subset of many people that Krish has mentored and influenced and worked with over the years. It serves as a starting point for this special edition tribute to Dr Krish Ahuja and his half century of contributions in acoustics. Although Dr. Ahuja’s contributions in jet noise are arguably his most foundational work, he has made significant technical contributions in the areas of cavity noise, engine acoustic liner technologies, rotorcraft and UAV noise, advanced flow and noise measurements and diagnostics, active flow and noise control, and many others. The subsequent papers to follow in this special edition cover a range of topics in areas exemplary to Dr. Ahuja’s career and from authors he has worked with and influenced over the years.
Ultrasound-Assessed Lesion Morphology and Drug-Coated Balloon Treatment for de novo Dysfunctional Arteriovenous Fistula in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Suemitsu Kotaro , Shiraki Tatsuya , Iida Osamu , Oka Kanako , Ota Naomi , Izumi Masaaki
Published: November 2023

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ultrasound-assessed lesion morphology on the outcomes of drug-coated balloon (DCB) versus plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA) treatment for de novo dysfunctional arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) lesions.

Methods:

This single-center retrospective study enrolled 114 consecutive patients (mean age, 73 ± 10 years; male, 69%) with de novo dysfunctional AVF lesions who underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) using DCB (n = 48) and POBA (n = 66). The morphology of the stenotic lesions, evaluated using ultrasonography, was classified into intimal hyperplasia and shrinking types. The outcome measure was 12-month primary patency. Factors associated with loss of primary patency were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results:

The baseline characteristics were not significantly different between the 2 treatment groups. The 12-month primary patency rate was significantly higher in the DCB group than in the POBA group (66.8 ± 7.1% versus 35.9 ± 6.3%, P = .006). The 12-month primary patency rate in the lesions with intimal hyperplasia type was not significantly different (DCB: 70.3 ± 9.5% versus POBA: 45.9 ± 8.0%; P = .310), whereas that in the shrinking type was significantly higher in the DCB group than in the POBA group (61.9 ± 10.6% versus 15.2 ± 8.1%; P < .001). The interaction analysis demonstrated that lesion morphology had a significantly different hazard ratio (HR) for restenosis between the POBA and DCB groups (P for interaction = .031). The multivariate analysis revealed that DCB usage (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.28, 0.87]; P = .015), ultrasound-assessed lesion morphology (shrinking type: aHR, 1.77; 95% CI: [1.07, 2.93]; P = .026), and location of stenosis (aHR, 2.26; 95% CI: 1.15, 4.46; P = .018) were significantly associated with AVF patency after PTA.

Conclusion:

This study revealed that lesion morphology evaluated using ultrasonography had a differential impact on DCB and POBA outcomes. The therapeutic effect of DCB was unexpectedly confirmed in the shrinking type.

Clinical Impact

The effectiveness of DCB in inhibiting smooth muscle cell proliferation in intimal hyperplasia lesions was expected based on the known mechanism of action of paclitaxel. However the therapeutic effect of DCB was unexpectedly confirmed in the shrinking type too. We may not need to hesitate usage of DCB for shrinking type.
Person of Interest as Media Technology of Surveillance: A Cautionary Tale for the Future of the National Security State With Diegetic Big Data Surveillance, Algorithmic Security, and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Grondin David , Hogue Simon
Published: November 2023

In this article, we examine the television series about global surveillance Person of Interest ( POI) (aired on CBS, 2011–2016) to reflect on popular understandings of surveillance and account for its representation of artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithmic surveillance. Drawing on television, media, and surveillance studies, we focus on the power of representations of social relations and diegetic technologies in possible and imagined futures to explore the role of cultural representations in shaping social order. Through the character of the AI Machine representing algorithmic surveillance, we evaluate the show’s critique of algorithmic autonomy and contend that, as a media technology of surveillance, the show participates in the hype of big data as a panacea while banalizing surveillance. We argue that POI could facilitate a comprehensive analysis of the politics of algorithmic surveillance but fails to do so due to its uncritical representation of artificial intelligence agencies in detecting security risks.
Manipulation of unfolded protein response by zoonotic vaccinia virus strains Guarani P1 and Passatempo
Authors: Lourenço Karine Lima , Leão Thiago Lima , Queiroz Cid Oliveira de , Serufo Ângela Vieira , da Fonseca Flávio Guimarães
Published: November 2023

The replicative success of vaccinia virus (VACV) depends on its ability to subvert host functions. Poxviruses multiplication and maturation are closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and its membranes. This organelle responds to disturbances caused by the accumulation of misfolded proteins, leading to processing of these proteins or even programmed cell death through the unfolded protein response (UPR). Several studies show that different viruses can activate UPR pathway components and negatively modulate others. Here, we investigate the effects of infections by zoonotic VACV strains from Brazil, Guarani P1 virus (GP1V) and Passatempo virus (PSTV), in the activation of UPR pathway sensors. We observed translocation of ATF6 to the nucleus as well as transcriptional increase after GP1V, PSTV, and reference strain Western Reserve (WR) infection. XBP1 processing appears to be negatively modulated after VACV infection; however, inhibition of the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) kinase domain led to a reduction in plaque sizes for these viruses. The absence of PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) has an impact on the plaque phenotype of GP1V, PSTV viruses, as well as for the prototypical strain WR. These results indicate that the VACV manipulates the three arms of the UPR path differently to ensure replicative success.
Yarn-level deformation for weft-knitted stitches
Authors: Zheng Peixiao , Jiang Gaoming , Peng Jiajia , Li Bingxian
Published: November 2023

The essential purpose of this research is to exploit and innovate a yarn-level relaxation deformation method for weft-knitted stitches. Each loop formed by knitting yarns was taken as a mass respectively. Spring-mass model at the yarn level was established for several knitting rows and spatial coordinates were assigned to each mass. Based on the intermeshed relationship of loops in the longitudinal direction, the spring-mass model at the yarn level was transformed into a two-layer spring-mass model at the stitch level, with correspondence between the masses of the two models. Each mass was subjected to eight spring forces from different directions. The resultant force was calculated based on the yarn-level mass model, and the mass displacement was solved by the Verlet numerical integration method. According to the coordinates of masses, the geometric models of different knitting types were established, and a matrix operation method for the spatial rotation and translation of control points was proposed, which could quickly calculate the coordinates and accurately simulate the shape of loops. Finally, we simulated the relaxation deformation of five typical weft-knitted stitches. The results show that this method can accurately and effectively simulate the overall deformation effect of the knitted stitches, and the simulation results are similar to the actual results. The analysis results of the pattern size and the simulation efficiency indicate that the larger the pattern, the more loops there are, the overall simulation time is longer and the running memory occupied is larger.
Stroke characteristics and outcomes in urban Tanzania: Data from the Prospective Lake Zone Stroke Registry
Authors: Matuja Sarah Shali , Ngimbwa Joshua , Andrew Lilian , Shindika Jemima , Nchasi Goodluck , Kasala Anna , Paul Innocent Kitandu , Ndalahwa Mary , Mawazo Akili , Kalokola Fredrick , Ngoya Patrick , Rudovick Ladius , Kilonzo Semvua , Wajanga Bahati , Massaga Fabian , Kalluvya Samuel E , Munseri Patricia , Mnacho Mohamed A , Okeng’o Kigocha , Kimambo Henrika , Manji Mohamed , Ruggajo Paschal , Nagu Tumaini , Ahmed Rashid Ali , Sheriff Faheem , Mahawish Karim , Mangat Halinder , Nguyen-Huynh Mai N , Saylor Deanna , Peck Robert
Published: November 2023

Background:

Stroke is a second leading cause of death globally, with an estimated one in four adults suffering a stroke in their lifetime. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, quality of care, and outcomes in adults with stroke in urban Northwestern Tanzania.

Methods:

We analyzed de-identified data from a prospective stroke registry from Bugando Medical Centre in Mwanza, the second largest city in Tanzania, between March 2020 and October 2022. This registry included all adults ⩾18 years admitted to our hospital who met the World Health Organization clinical definition of stroke. Information collected included demographics, risk factors, stroke severity using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, brain imaging, indicators for quality of care, discharge modified Rankin Scale, and in-hospital mortality. We examined independent factors associated with mortality using logistic regression.

Results:

The cohort included 566 adults, of which 52% (294) were female with a mean age of 65 ± 15 years. The majority had a first-ever stroke 88% (498). Premorbid hypertension was present in 86% (488) but only 41% (200) were taking antihypertensive medications before hospital admission; 6% (32) had HIV infection. Ischemic strokes accounted for 66% (371) but only 6% (22) arriving within 4.5 h of symptom onset. In-hospital mortality was 29% (127). Independent factors associated with mortality were severe stroke (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.47–2.24, p < 0.001), moderate to severe stroke (aOR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.22–1.84, p < 0.001), moderate stroke (aOR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.52–2.14, p < 0.001), leukocytosis (aOR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.03–1.38, p = 0.022), lack of health insurance coverage (aOR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.02–1.29, p = 0.025), and not receiving any form of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis (aOR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.02–1.37, p = 0.027).

Conclusion:

We report a stroke cohort with poor in-hospital outcomes in urban Northwestern Tanzania. Early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension could prevent stroke in this region. More work is needed to raise awareness about stroke symptoms and to ensure that people with stroke receive guidelines-directed therapy.
Factors influencing study outcomes in recent literature on distal radial fracture treatment
Authors: Akgülle Ahmet Hamdi , Uysal Dilara , Bekiroğlu Gülnaz Nural
Published: November 2023

The main tools used by an orthopaedic surgeon for managing distal radial fracture treatment are recent literature and treatment guidelines. The aim of the present study was to find which factors within the study design influence study outcomes the most. Trials in three major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase) comparing surgical and non-surgical treatment options for adolescent and adult distal radial fractures with their original data, between 2013 and 2021, were included. The selected 47 studies were classified according to their outcomes. The relationship between study characteristics and outcomes was statistically analysed. It was more likely to find no difference in outcomes between volar locking plate and less invasive treatments when the sample size was above 100, follow-up was more than 1 year and functional assessments were used. A small sample size and short follow-up time affect study outcomes in favour of a volar locking plate. Readers should focus on the design criteria and read the full text of the studies before making any conclusions.

Level of evidence

III
An Integrated Investigation Into the Impact of Workplace Shocks on Employee Turnover
Authors: Yang Chunjiang , Chen Yashuo , Zhao Xinyuan (Roy) , Miao Li , Leong Aliana Man Wai , Cui Zhenzhen
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this article was to develop and validate a new scale of workplace shocks and extend our understanding of the means by which workplace shocks may influence employee turnover. Drawing from the meaning maintenance model and the sensemaking literature, we embarked on a multiwave field study with 252 frontline hotel employees, introducing an integrated model that elucidates the mechanisms and conditions under which workplace shocks may lead to turnover. Using a novel approach to assess workplace shocks, we found they influence employee turnover through organizational embeddedness and general self-efficacy; however, these effects diminish with high levels of internal control-oriented human resource practices (ICHRPs). The theoretical and managerial implications of this study are discussed.
The Effects of Internal Marketing Climate On Hotel Effectiveness and Competitive Excellence
Authors: Way Sean A. , Chan Elisa K. , Sturman Michael C.
Published: November 2023

Despite the agreement on the importance of internal marketing, the central dogma that it creates value for employees which will incite employees to in turn create value for their organization and customers lacks empirical verification and remains a contentious issue. Two separate multisource-multilevel datasets are used to illuminate the effects of hotel property department-level internal marketing (process-focused) climate on a positive, key organizationally relevant psychological outcome (i.e., perceived organizational support) and a positive, key organizationally relevant behavioral outcome (i.e., organizational citizenship behavior), which in turn engender hotel property department effectiveness and competitive excellence, respectively. Moreover, the results suggest that organizational citizenship behavior is a linchpin in the explication and illustration of the effects of hotel property department/unit internal marketing climate on hotel property department/unit effectiveness and competitive excellence. By doing so, we provide a comprehensive model that underscores the impacts of internal marketing climate on crucial employee, organization/unit, and customer outcomes in the hospitality industry. Implications, limitations of the current inquiry, and avenues for future research are discussed.
Systemic Barriers in District Principal Development and Hiring Practices for Women and People of Color in the Principalship
Authors: Tran Henry , Buckman David , Gause Simone , Reabold Emma , Sauls Rinice
Published: November 2023

This study leverages the theories of racialized and gendered organizations as frameworks to examine a Southeastern school district’s aspiring leadership program and hiring practices to determine the extent to which they produce and reproduce gender and race-based norms that promote workplace exclusion for women and people of color interested in the school principalship. Data were obtained from interviews with district administrators, school administrators, and teachers ( n = 12). Findings provide support that the district operates in a manner consistent with a racialized and gendered organization. Results are discussed, and implications for improvement are provided.
Notes on bewilderment, suspension, and urban life at the extensions
Authors: Mohamed Sabine
Published: November 2023

Simone et al.’s ‘Inhabiting the Extensions’ is an important contribution to rethinking the logics of urbanization through the perspective of extensions. This commentary engages the text along the lines of bewilderment, a starting point for the authors of this piece. Engaging the works of economic anthropologist Jane Guyer and novelist Ben Okri as a West African comparative frame to ‘Inhabiting the Extensions’, this commentary describes bewilderment as an approach of (dis)orientation. To think of extension (instead of city centers vis-à-vis a perceived periphery) through the mode of bewilderment and disorientation, and as I suggest suspension, allows us to broaden our understanding in terms of allocating agency to the actions of urban residents as well as locating larger processes of urbanization.
Coloniality and racialization of informality
Authors: Olajide Oluwafemi Ayodeji
Published: November 2023

This article is inspired by Finn's work which historizes the structure of formal–informal dialectic in Africa, arguing that the origin dates to the colonial era. I extend Finn's argument through the prism of formal–informal as a racialized binary embedded in the coloniality of Africa's socio-spatial policies. Drawing insights from African cities generally and Lagos in particular, I argue that the formal–informal binary has always been a tool of colonial domination, which (re)produces and maintains racial hierarchies and racialized displacement in contemporary times. This provides a useful frame to understand and challenge the hierarchical positioning of informality relative to formality.
Reproductive geopolitics: Governing in/fertile bodies in Mexico’s past and present
Authors: Perler Laura , Schurr Carolin , Komposch Nora , Winkel Mirko , Cervantez Rodríguez Pedro Alejandro
Published: November 2023

Building on work in feminist geopolitics, we discuss how the governance of in/fertility affects the value assigned to different bodies and the question whose bodies and lives are considered as worthy of reproducing in Mexico. To reveal the geopolitical entanglements of past and present forms of reproductive governance, we investigate the transnational connections of Mexico’s fertility network with Spain and the United States of America. We juxtapose visual materials from political campaigns of the past with advertisements for present-day fertility clinics to trace the reproductive geopolitics of (post)colonialism that shape current developments, practices, and discourses in this transnational fertility network. Each pair of visuals exemplifies particular times and spaces of reproductive geopolitics. The paper reveals how the contemporary Mexican fertility market is shaped by transnational forms of reproductive governance. We employ visual juxtaposition to provoke readers to think about the entanglement of present-day fertility markets with past reproductive geopolitics.
Place-bound planning support systems for deliberation: Affording better communication and comprehension
Authors: Weiner Raz , Mello Rose Filipe , Yossef Ravid Batel , Rainer Noennig Jörg , Aharon-Gutman Meirav
Published: November 2023

Despite planning support systems (PSS) becoming increasingly useful for citizen participation processes, the effects of such systems’ material and spatial setup on citizen participation processes still need to be studied. PSS have long been equated to software- and data-based technologies, and only little attention has been put on place-bound PSS that prescribe onsite face-to-face collaboration. As closing the ‘implementation gap’ requires extensive conceptualisation, description, and critical analysis of different ideal types, workings, and use cases of PSS, this study researches this understudied place-bound type of PSS. More precisely, this study uses empirical material from Haifa’s 3 S Lab to contribute to closing the implementation gap by identifying place-bound PSS – an under-studied type of PSS – as useful for deliberative decision-making – an overlooked implementation context. This research advances the conceptualisation of PSS by discussing place-bound PSS and their hypothesised utility, practical setup, and empirically tested benefits for deliberative citizen participation. We find that the benefits of place-bound PSS for planning lie in deliberative affordances that ease the communication and comprehension deficiencies that often plague deliberative citizen participation processes. As place-bound PSS, the 3 S Lab provides an immersive shared space that improves communication, while its interactive visualisation techniques afford improved comprehension of complex urban issues.
Book review: Raffael Beier, Amandine Spire & Marie Bridonneau (Eds.), Urban Resettlements in the Global South: Lived Experiences of Housing and Infrastructure Between Displacement and Relocation
Authors: Johnson Cassidy
Published: November 2023

Raffael Beier, Amandine Spire & Marie Bridonneau (Eds.), Urban Resettlements in the Global South: Lived Experiences of Housing and Infrastructure Between Displacement and Relocation. Routledge, 2022, 223pp., £28.79. ISBN: 9780367644437.
Deciphering and disrupting PIEZO1-TMEM16F interplay in hereditary xerocytosis
Authors: Liang Pengfei , Zhang Yang , Wan Yui Chun S. , Ma Shang , Dong Ping , Lowry Augustus J. , Francis Samuel J. , Khandelwal Sanjay , Delahunty Martha , Telen Marilyn J. , Strouse John J. , Arepally Gowthami M. , Yang Huanghe
Published: November 2023

Cell-surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) is essential for phagocytic clearance and blood clotting. Although a calcium-activated phospholipid scramblase (CaPLSase) has long been proposed to mediate PS exposure in red blood cells (RBCs), its identity, activation mechanism, and role in RBC biology and disease remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that TMEM16F, the long-sought-after RBC CaPLSase, is activated by calcium influx through the mechanosensitive channel PIEZO1 in RBCs. PIEZO1-TMEM16F functional coupling is enhanced in RBCs from individuals with hereditary xerocytosis (HX), an RBC disorder caused by PIEZO1 gain-of-function channelopathy. Enhanced PIEZO1-TMEM16F coupling leads to an increased propensity to expose PS, which may serve as a key risk factor for HX clinical manifestations including anemia, splenomegaly, and postsplenectomy thrombosis. Spider toxin GsMTx-4 and antigout medication benzbromarone inhibit PIEZO1, preventing force-induced echinocytosis, hemolysis, and PS exposure in HX RBCs. Our study thus reveals an activation mechanism of TMEM16F CaPLSase and its pathophysiological function in HX, providing insights into potential treatment.
Micro-genetic environmental sensitivity across macro-environments of chickens reared in Burkina Faso and France
Authors: Madsen Mette Dam , Duijvesteijn Naomi , van der Werf Julius , Clark Sam
Published: November 2023

Background

Commercial poultry production systems follow a pyramidal structure with a nucleus of purebred animals under controlled conditions at the top and crossbred animals under commercial production conditions at the bottom. Genetic correlations between the same phenotypes on nucleus and production animals can therefore be influenced by differences both in purebred-crossbred genotypes and in genotype-by-environment interactions across the two environments, known as macro-genetic environmental sensitivity (GES). Within each environment, genotype-by-environment interactions can also occur due to so-called micro-GES. Micro-GES causes heritable variation in phenotypes and decreases uniformity. In this study, genetic variances of body weight (BW) and of micro-GES of BW and the impacts of purebred-crossbred differences and macro-environmental differences on micro-GES of BW were estimated. The dataset contained three subpopulations of slow-growing broiler chickens: purebred chickens (PB) reared in France, and crossbred chickens reared in France (FR) under the same conditions as PB or reared in Burkina Faso (BF) under local conditions. The crossbred chickens were offspring of the same dam line and had PB as their sire line.

Results

Estimates of heritability of BW and micro-GES of BW were 0.54 (SE of 0.02) and 0.06 (0.01), 0.67 (0.03) and 0.03 (0.01), and 0.68 (0.04) and 0.02 (0.01) for the BF, FR, and PB subpopulations, respectively. Estimates of the genetic correlations for BW between the three subpopulations were moderately positive (0.37 to 0.53) and those for micro-GES were weakly to moderately positive (0.01 to 0.44).

Conclusions

The results show that the heritability of the micro-GES of BW varies with macro-environment, which indicates that responses to selection are expected to differ between macro-environments. The weak to moderate positive genetic correlations between subpopulations indicate that both macro-environmental differences and purebred-crossbred differences can cause re-ranking of sires based on their estimated breeding values for micro-GES of BW. Thus, the sire that produces the most variable progeny in one macro-environment may not be the one that produces the most variable offspring in another. Similarly, the sire that produces the most variable purebred progeny may not produce the most variable crossbred progeny. The results highlight the need for investigating micro-GES for all subpopulations included in the selection scheme, to ensure optimal genetic gain in all subpopulations.
Combined transcriptome and proteome analysis reveal the key physiological processes in seed germination stimulated by decreased salinity in the seagrass Zostera marina L.
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yue Shidong , Liu Mingjie , Wang Xinhua , Xu Shaochun , Zhang Xiaomei , Zhou Yi
Published: November 2023

Background

Zostera marina L., or eelgrass, is the most widespread seagrass species throughout the temperate northern hemisphere. Unlike the dry seeds of terrestrial plants, eelgrass seeds must survive in water, and salinity is the key factor influencing eelgrass seed germination. In the present study, transcriptome and proteome analysis were combined to investigate the mechanisms via which eelgrass seed germination was stimulated by low salinity, in addition to the dynamics of key metabolic pathways under germination.

Results

According to the results, low salinity stimulated the activation of Ca2+ signaling and phosphatidylinositol signaling, and further initiated various germination-related physiological processes through the MAPK transduction cascade. Starch, lipids, and storage proteins were mobilized actively to provide the energy and material basis for germination; abscisic acid synthesis and signal transduction were inhibited whereas gibberellin synthesis and signal transduction were activated, weakening seed dormancy and preparing for germination; cell wall weakening and remodeling processes were activated to provide protection for cotyledon protrusion; in addition, multiple antioxidant systems were activated to alleviate oxidative stress generated during the germination process; ERF transcription factor has the highest number in both stages suggested an active role in eelgrass seed germination.

Conclusion

In summary, for the first time, the present study investigated the mechanisms by which eelgrass seed germination was stimulated by low salinity and analyzed the transcriptomic and proteomic features during eelgrass seed germination comprehensively. The results of the present study enhanced our understanding of seagrass seed germination, especially the molecular ecology of seagrass seeds.
Risk estimation for postoperative nausea and vomiting: development and validation of a nomogram based on point-of-care gastric ultrasound
Authors: Zhong Huohu , Liu Yingchao , Liu Piaopiao , Wang Zecheng , Lian Xihua , Xu Zhirong , Xu Ruopu , Su Shanshan , Lyu Guorong , Xu Zhenhong
Published: November 2023

Background

We aimed to develop a nomogram that can be combined with point-of-care gastric ultrasound and utilised to predict postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in adult patients after emergency surgery.

Methods

Imaging and clinical data of 236 adult patients undergoing emergency surgery in a university hospital between April 2022 and February 2023 were prospectively collected. Patients were divided into a training cohort (n = 177) and a verification cohort (n = 59) in a ratio of 3:1, according to a random number table. After univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis of the training cohort, independent risk factors for PONV were screened to develop the nomogram model. The receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve, decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical impact curve (CIC) were used to evaluate the prediction efficiency, accuracy, and clinical practicability of the model.

Results

Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female sex, history of PONV, history of migraine and gastric cross-sectional area were independent risk factors for PONV. These four independent risk factors were utilised to construct the nomogram model, which achieved significant concordance indices of 0.832 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.771–0.893) and 0.827 (95% CI, 0.722–0.932) for predicting PONV in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. The nomogram also had well-fitted calibration curves. DCA and CIC indicated that the nomogram had great clinical practicability.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated the prediction efficacy, differentiation, and clinical practicability of a nomogram for predicting PONV. This nomogram may serve as an intuitive and visual guide for rapid risk assessment in patients with PONV before emergency surgery.
Radiographic patterns and severity scoring of COVID-19 pneumonia in children: a retrospective study
Authors: Saelim Jumlong , Kritsaneepaiboon Supika , Charoonratana Vorawan , Khantee Puttichart
Published: November 2023

Background

Chest radiography (CXR) is an adjunct tool in treatment planning and monitoring of the disease course of COVID-19 pneumonia. The purpose of the study was to describe the radiographic patterns and severity scores of abnormal CXR findings in children diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods

This retrospective study included children with confirmed COVID-19 by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test who underwent CXR at the arrival. The CXR findings were reviewed, and modified radiographic scoring was assessed.

Results

The number of abnormal CXR findings was 106 of 976 (10.9%). Ground-glass opacity (GGO) was commonly found in children aged > 9 years (19/26, 73.1%), whereas peribronchial thickening was predominantly found in children aged < 5 years (25/54, 46.3%). Overall, the most common radiographic finding was peribronchial thickening (54/106, 51%). The lower lung zone (56/106, 52.8%) was the most common affected area, and there was neither peripheral nor perihilar predominance (84/106, 79.2%). Regarding the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia based on abnormal CXR findings, 81 of 106 cases (76.4%) had mild lung abnormalities. Moderate and severe lung abnormalities were found in 21 (19.8%) and 4 (3.8%) cases, respectively. While there were no significant differences in the radiographic severity scores among the various pediatric age groups, there were significant disparities in severity scores in the initial CXR and medical treatments.

Conclusions

This study clarified the age distribution of radiographic features across the pediatric population. GGO was commonly found in children aged > 9 years, whereas peribronchial thickening was predominant in children aged < 5 years. The lower lung zone was the most common affected area, and the high severity lung scores required more medical treatments and oxygen support.
Quality indicators in prolonged hemodialysis with regional citrate anticoagulation with the genius system: retrospective cohort of critical patients with acute kidney injury
Authors: Vieira Jorge Alberto Menegasso , Reinheimer Isabel Cristina , dos Santos Amanda Corrêa , Halperin Fernando Kowarick , Susin Luiza Aguirre , Staub Lia Portella , Ribeiro Raquel Jaqueline Eder , da Silveira Julia Braga , Fontoura Lucas Friedrich , de Souza Diego Candido , Nunes Karen Patrícia , de Souza Vandrea Carla , da Silva Selistre Luciano , Poli-de-Figueiredo Carlos Eduardo
Published: November 2023

Background

Prolonged hemodialysis (HD) is performed from 6 to 12 h and can last up to 24 h. To prevent system clotting some studies suggest that Regional Citrate Anticoagulation (RCA) use reduces bleeding rates relative to systemic heparin. However, there may be difficulties in the patient’s clinical management and completing the prescribed HD with Genius system using RCA.

Objective

To analyze safety Quality Indicators (IQs) and follow up on prolonged HD with 4% sodium citrate solution in a Genius® hybrid system.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort conducted in an intensive care unit.

Results

53 random sessions of prolonged HD with 4% sodium citrate solution of critically ill patients with AKI assessed. Evaluated safety indicators were dysnatremia and metabolic alkalosis, observed in 15% and 9.4% of the sessions, respectively. Indicators of effectiveness were system clotting which occurred in 17.3%, and the minimum completion of the prescribed HD time, which was 75.5%.

Conclusion

The assessment of the indicators showed that the use of RCA with a 4% sodium citrate solution in prolonged HD with the Genius system in critically ill patients with AKI can be performed in a simple, safe, and effective way.
Immunoglobulin superfamily 6 is a molecule involved in the anti-tumor activity of macrophages in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zheng Qisi , Wang Ting , Jiang Gechen , Li Miao , Zhang Zhi , Chen Yuxin , Tian Xinyu
Published: November 2023

Background

Immunoglobulin superfamily 6 (IGSF6) is a novel member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and has been implicated in various diseases. However, the specific role of IGSF6 in the anti-tumor immunity within lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear.

Methods

We analyzed the IGSF6 expression in LUAD using data from TCGA, and we performed qRT-PCR and western blotting to validate these findings using tissue samples obtained from LUAD patients. Images of IHC staining were obtained from HPA. To assess the clinical relevance of IGSF6 expression, we utilized UALCAN and SPSS to analyze its association with major clinical features of LUAD. Additionally, we employed ROC curves and survival analysis to evaluate the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of IGSF6 in LUAD. To gain insights into the functional implications of IGSF6, we performed enrichment analysis using the R software clusterProfiler package. Moreover, we utilized TIMER2.0 and TISIDB to investigate the relationship between IGSF6 and immune infiltrates in LUAD. The proportion of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in LUAD was assessed using FCM, and their correlation with IGSF6 expression in tumor tissues was analyzed. The localization of IGSF6 protein on macrophages was confirmed using the HPA and FCM. To determine the regulatory role of IGSF6 on macrophage activity in LUAD, we employed ELISA, FCM, and tumor-bearing models.

Results

We discovered that both IGSF6 mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased in LUAD. Additionally, we observed a negative correlation between IGSF6 expression and TNM stages as well as pathologic stages in LUAD. Notably, IGSF6 exhibited high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing LUAD, and was positively associated with the survival rate of LUAD patients. Furthermore, IGSF6 expression was closely linked to gene sets involved in immune response. IGSF6 expression showed a positive correlation with immune infiltrates exhibiting anti-tumor activity, particularly M1 macrophages. We confirmed the predominant localization of the IGSF6 protein on the membrane of M1 macrophages. Importantly, the knockdown of IGSF6 resulted in a reduction in the anti-tumor activity of M1 macrophages, thereby promoting tumor progression.

Conclusion

IGSF6 is a molecule that is essential for the anti-tumor activity of macrophages in LUAD.
Prevalence of carotid artery calcification detected by different dental imaging techniques and their relationship with cardiovascular risk factors, age and gender
Authors: Möst Tobias , Winter Linus , Ballheimer Yili Elisabeth , Kappler Christian , Schmid Magdalena , Adler Werner , Weber Manuel , Kesting Marco Rainer , Lutz Rainer
Published: November 2023

Background

Atherosclerosis and its secondary diseases display a major threat to patient’s health. Sequelae, like carotid artery calcification (CAC), usually develop over decades and remain asymptomatic for a long time, making preventive measures to reduce mortality and morbidity extremely important. Through panoramic radiography (PR) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), dentists may have helpful tools in aiding the holistic care of patients. In this context, the correlation of atherosclerotic risk factors and CAC development have not yet been sufficiently investigated. Thus, the aim of this observational radiological study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of PR compared with CBCT for the detection of CAC in patients older than 60 years. The radiological findings were correlated with gender, age, and cardiac risk factors.

Methods

PRs and CBCTs of N = 607 patients were used for the qualitative analysis and compared. Basic patient information such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking history as well as patient’s detailed medical history, including heart disease and cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus type II were documented and their relation to CAC provided by radiological data was estimated in the form of odds ratios (OR), which were calculated using logistic regression models. Proportions of CAC in different risk groups were compared using Fisher’s exact test, the significance level was set to α ≤ 0.05. The interrater reliability of two physicians was estimated using Cohen’s kappa.

Results

With an accuracy of 90.6%, a sensitivity of 67.5% and a specificity of 99.5% compared to CBCT, PR was a reliable method for the diagnosis of CAC. The overall detection rate for CAC was 27.8% across all age groups. Age (OR: 1.351; p = 0.021), the male sex (OR: 1.645; p = 0.006), arterial hypertension (OR: 2.217; p = < 0.001), heart disease (OR: 1.675; p = 0.006), hypercholesterolemia (OR: 1.904; p = 0.003) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR: 2.016; p = 0.036) were statistically significant risk factors. When correlated, neither history of stroke nor nicotine abuse showed any statistical significance.

Conclusions

Due to the capabilities of PR in the diagnosis of CAC, dentists can play a vital role in the early diagnosis of vascular disease. Awareness should therefore be raised among dentists regarding the detection of CAC in patients over 60 years of age, with a particular focus on those with arterial hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine HIV care and cervical cancer screening in North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Habila Magdiel A. , Obeng-Kusi Mavis , Ali Maryam J. , Magaji Francis A. , Shambe Iornum H. , Daru Patrick H. , Jacobs Elizabeth T. , Madhivanan Purnima , Sagay Atiene S. , Musa Jonah
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Cervical cancer is the fourth most diagnosed cancer among women globally, with much of the burden being carried by women in limited-resource settings often worsened by the high prevalence of HIV. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted organized screening efforts and HIV management regimens worldwide, and the impact of these disruptions have not been examined in these settings. The purpose of this paper is to describe whether uptake of cervical cancer screening and HIV management changed before, during, and since the COVID-19 pandemic in North-Central Nigeria.

Methods

Longitudinal healthcare administration data for women who obtained care between January 2018 and December 2021 were abstracted from the AIDS Prevention Initiative Nigeria (APIN) clinic at Jos University Teaching Hospital. Patient demographics, pap smear outcomes, and HIV management indicators such as viral load and treatment regimen were abstracted and assessed using descriptive and regression analyses. All analyses were conducted comparing two years prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the four quarters in 2020, and the year following COVID-19 restrictions.

Results

We included 2304 women in the study, most of whom were between 44 and 47 years of age, were married, and had completed secondary education. About 85% of women were treated with first line highly active retroviral therapy (HAART). Additionally, 84% of women screened using pap smear had normal results. The average age of women who sought care at APIN was significantly lower in Quarter 3, 2020 (p = 0.015) compared to the other periods examined in this study. Conversely, the average viral load for women who sought care during that period was significantly higher in adjusted models (p < 0.0001). Finally, we determined that the average viral load at each clinic visit was significantly associated with the period in which women sought care.

Conclusions

Overall, we found that COVID-19 pandemic mitigation efforts significantly influenced women’s ability to obtain cervical cancer screening and routine HIV management at APIN clinic. This study buttresses the challenges in accessing routine and preventive care during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in low-resource settings. Further research is needed to determine how these disruptions to care may influence long-term health in this and similar at-risk populations.