bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prescriptions of generic antiretroviral drugs in three healthcare centers in the Paris area, France
Authors: Leroy Pierre , Diamantis Sylvain , Sellier Pierre-Olivier , Hamet Gwenn , Brun Alexandre , Rozenbaum Willy , Molina Jean-Michel
Published: May 2024

In a retrospective study conducted in three hospitals in Paris, generic antiretroviral accounted for 30.2% of all prescriptions. Tenofovir disoproxil/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) was the most prescribed generic ART (82.3% of generic prescriptions). Generic ART (gART) was more likely to be prescribed to women, to patients less than 50 years, and with recent HIV diagnosis less than 3 years. Physicians prescribed more gART if they were men, older than 55 years or worked at a university teaching hospital.
Danshensu reduces neuronal excitability by enhancing potassium currents in bushy cells in the mouse cochlear nucleus
Authors: Xu Mengfan , Wang Liqin , Li Geng-Lin , Tang Zheng-Quan
Published: May 2024

Danshensu, also known as salvianic acid A, is a primary active compound extracted from a traditional Chinese herb Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza). While its antioxidative and neuroprotective effects are well-documented, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we sought out to investigate if and how Danshensu modulates neuronal excitability and voltage-gated ionic currents in the central nervous system. We prepared brain slices of the mouse brainstem and performed patch-clamp recording in bushy cells in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus, with or without Danshensu incubation for 1 h. QX-314 was used internally to block Na+ current, while tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine were used to isolate different subtypes of K+ current. We found that Danshensu of 100 μm decreased the input resistance of bushy cells by approximately 60% and shifted the voltage threshold of spiking positively by approximately 7 mV, resulting in significantly reduced excitability. Furthermore, we found this reduced excitability by Danshensu was caused by enhanced voltage-gated K+ currents in these neurons, including both low voltage-activated I
K,A, by approximately 100%, and high voltage-activated I
K,dr, by approximately 30%. Lastly, we found that the effect of Danshensu on K+ currents was dose-dependent in that no enhancement was found for Danshensu of 50 μm and Danshensu of 200 μm failed to cause significantly more enhancement on K+ currents when compared to that of 100 μm. We found that Danshensu reduced neuronal excitability in the central nervous system by enhancing voltage-gated K+ currents, providing mechanistic support for its neuroprotective effect widely seen in vivo.
Analysis of global Aeromonas caviae genomes revealed that strains carrying T6SS are more common in human gastroenteritis than in environmental sources and are often phylogenetically related
Authors: Chong Sarah K. T. , Liu Fang , Yuwono Christopher , Tay Alfred Chin Yen , Wehrhahn Michael C. , Riordan Stephen M. , Liu Lu , Zhang Li
Published: May 2024

Aeromonas caviae is an emerging human enteric pathogen. However, the genomic features and virulence genes of A. caviae strains from human gastroenteritis and other sources have not been fully elucidated. Here, we conducted a genomic analysis of 565 global A. caviae strains isolated from different sources, including 261 strains isolated from faecal samples of gastroenteritis patients, of which 18 genomes were sequenced in this study. The presence of bacterial virulence genes and secretion systems in A. caviae strains from different sources was compared, and the phylogenetic relationship of A. caviae strains was assessed based on the core genome. The complete genome of A. caviae strain A20-9 isolated from a gastroenteritis patient was obtained in this study, from which 300 putative virulence factors and a T4SS-encoding plasmid, pAC, were identified. Genes encoding T4SS were also identified in a novel genomic island, ACI-1, from other T4SS-positive strains. The prevalence of T4SS was significantly lower in A. caviae strains from gastroenteritis patients than in environmental strains (3 %, P<0.0001 vs 14 %, P<0.01). Conversely, the prevalence of T6SS was significantly higher in A. caviae strains isolated from gastroenteritis patients than in environmental strains (25 %, P<0.05 vs 13  %, P<0.01). Four phylogenetic clusters were formed based on the core genome of 565 A. caviae strains, and strains carrying T6SS often showed close phylogenetic relationships. T3SS, aerolysin and thermostable cytotonic enterotoxin were absent in all 565 A. caviae strains. Our findings provide novel information on the genomic features of A. caviae and suggest that T6SS may play a role in A. caviae-induced human gastroenteritis.
Chaos in inhomogeneous neutrino fast flavor instability
Authors: Urquilla Erick , Richers Sherwood
Published: May 2024

In dense neutrino gases, the neutrino-neutrino coherent forward scattering gives rise to a complex flavor oscillation phenomenon not fully incorporated in simulations of neutron star mergers (NSM) and core collapse supernovae (CCSNe). Moreover, it has been proposed to be chaotic, potentially limiting our ability to predict neutrino flavor transformations in simulations. To address this issue, we explore how small flavor perturbations evolve in the nonlinear regime of the neutrino quantum kinetic equation within a narrow centimeter-scale region inside a NSM and a toy neutrino distribution. Our findings reveal that paths in the flavor state space of solutions with similar initial conditions diverge exponentially, exhibiting chaos. This inherent chaos makes the microscopic scales of neutrino flavor transformations unpredictable. However, the domain-averaged neutrino density matrix remains relatively stable, with chaos minimally affecting it. This particular property suggests that domain-averaged quantities remain reliable despite the exponential amplification of errors.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Success factors in smart mobility: a new framework and implications for the EuroMed context from case study of New York, Copenhagen, Singapore, Bari and Barcelona
Authors: Carpentiere Cosimo Damiano , Messeni Petruzzelli Antonio , Ardito Lorenzo
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The document underscores the need for systematic smart mobility policies to advance smart cities, addressing resource waste and environmental issues. Recognizing challenges in adopting efficient smart mobility, the paper seeks to fill a literature gap by identifying governance-related best practices and success factors. The objective is to develop a clear framework for smart mobility adoption with policy implications, especially for Euro-Mediterranean (EuroMed) Smart Cities, reducing congestion and costs while promoting sustainability through data-driven decision-making and integration models.

Design/methodology/approach

To conduct the study, we adopt a multiple-case approach, examining different smart mobility applications in three of the world's most relevant smart city contexts according to international rankings, namely New York, Copenhagen and Singapore. Starting with the framework emerging from the research sample, which is representative of three different continents and cultures, a comparative assessment is then made with two EuroMed Smart Cities, highlighting their relative gaps.

Findings

The paper presents an innovative framework for smart mobility that highlights five key success factors. In addition to highlighting related gaps with a sample of EuroMed Smart Cities, it offers guidelines and implications for administrators, policy makers and mobility managers.

Originality/value

This success framework is a powerful tool, framework and guideline with numerous theoretical and managerial implications. Indeed, it directs policymakers, policymakers and mobility managers toward creating innovative business models for sustainable smart mobility, maximizing the efficiency of the centralized urban system, reducing negative externalities, breaking down barriers and pursuing greater efficiency, resilience and equity in the accessibility, mobility and sustainable livability of smart cities.
Pay with a smile? Modelling the continuance use intention of facial recognition payment
Authors: Lim Xin-Jean , Cheah Jun-Hwa , Chang Jennifer Yee-Shan , Lim Weng Marc , Morrison Alastair M. , Dwivedi Yogesh K.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study synthesises the self-determination theory (SDT), expectation-confirmation model (ECM), and protection motivation theory (PMT) to formulate an integrated theoretical framework that elucidates the process of shaping the intention to continue using facial recognition payment (FRP) under the conditional impact of perceived technology security.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from 667 Beijing Winter Olympics visitors with FRP experience were collected through an online survey and analysed using variance based-structural equation modelling (VB-SEM).

Findings

This study reveals that the intention to continue using FRP evolves through three key stages. Initially, in the expectation stage, the multidimensional concept of artificial autonomy (sensing, thought, and action), which is underpinned by self-determination, is pivotal, strongly influencing perceptions of service enhancement and fostering trust in FRP. Subsequently, the confirmation stage underscores the importance of perceived service enhancement and trust as vital drivers in maintaining FRP usage, while also contributing to subjective well-being. Crucially, perceived technology security emerges as a key moderating factor, enhancing positive perceptions and intentions towards FRP, thus influencing its sustained adoption.

Originality/value

This study stands out by revealing the nuanced interplay between artificial autonomy and user perceptions, particularly concerning service enhancement, technology security, and trust, as they influence well-being and the continued adoption of FRP. Robustly grounded in the integrated theoretical framework of SDT, ECM, and PMT, the study’s findings are critical for comprehending the core elements and specific drivers that promote sustained FRP use, especially as we consider its potential widespread implementation. Therefore, this study not only advances theoretical understanding but also offers practical guidance for optimising FRP deployment strategies in a rapidly evolving technological landscape.
Health and safety induction training in the construction industry: a review
Authors: Rantsatsi Ndaleni Phinias
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Absence of Health and Safety (H&S) induction training can expose workers to construction hazards and risks. To protect workers, construction organisations provide site H&S induction training. This training is used in the construction industry to train workers on organisation, project and client H&S practices and rules. While researchers have recognised its role in creating worker awareness, developing H&S culture and influencing accident rate, but there has been little research. Furthermore, there lacks a review that identifies the research trends, research focus and future research directions on H&S induction training in the construction industry. This study aims to review literature on H&S induction training in the construction industry.

Design/methodology/approach

Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases were used to identify articles. Initial search produced a total of 278 papers and final analysis resulted in ten articles. Content analysis was applied.

Findings

The identified three contributions to knowledge: (a) identifies specific trajectory or development trends of H&S induction training in the construction industry (three research areas were identified, namely, impact of H&S induction training on H&S culture, impact of H&S induction training on accident rate and barriers affecting supervisor’s skills and ability to conducting H&S induction training), (b) suggestions have been given on the contribution of H&S induction training to H&S culture and (c) future research directions have been proposed. The review provides knowledge that the contribution of H&S induction training to H&S culture is influenced by skills, knowledge and experience of presenter, language used, content covered, mode of delivery, technological tools used, type of assessment and duration.

Research limitations/implications

The review is limited to studies related to H&S induction training in the construction industry. Other safety training studies and industries could have provided different findings. The review is limited to 2012 and 2022 and to ten articles.

Practical implications

Understanding the role of H&S induction training to worker behaviour, H&S culture and outcomes will improve H&S practices and standards within the construction industry. Construction organisations can consider the factors identified in this study to improve the effectiveness of H&S induction training.

Social implications

Understanding the contribution of H&S induction training to H&S culture may help to improve H&S culture.

Originality/value

The study has identified three main research areas and future research directions. It further revealed the factors that researchers, practitioners and policy makers can consider to improve the effectiveness of H&S induction training in the construction industry.
Discovering territorial human resources management (T-HRM) in Informal Territorial Networks (ITNs): an exploratory study
Authors: Niasse Ndiaga , Kane Demba
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore practices of Territorial-HRM within a network of shoemakers characterized by informal activities.

Design/methodology/approach

Territorial-HRM is a relatively new topic in management sciences, hence a qualitative methodology has been conducted for better exploration. The methodology relies on the development of two series of semi-structured interviews conducted with several members of the network. Data were collected and analyzed based on the thematic analysis method.

Findings

Results show a type of Territorial-HRM that stands out from that of the formal territorial networks largely described in the literature in management sciences. This form of Territorial-HRM is characterized by the following specific practices: Territorial Based Recruitment (TBR), External Mobility, Labor Loan, Inter-Boss Training and Collective Learning.

Research limitations/implications

This study relies on a single research method with a relatively small number of interviews within an informal network in the Senegalese context. The authors recommend replicating the study in other contexts and developing representative samples in order to test or measure the relationships between grounded concepts of Informal Territorial-HRM.

Originality/value

These results reveal a quite different dynamic of the emergence of Territorial-HRM due to the specificity of the network, its informal nature and its socio-cultural anchorage. The paper adds strong enrichment to the Territorial-HRM field of research by laying out its foundation both in Informal Territorial Networks and in the English speaking academic world.
Toward an Economy of Life
Authors: Weber Max
Published: May 2024

This article takes as its point of departure the suggestion by the World Council of Churches (WCC) that the capitalist economic system is the root cause of current crises, in particular the climate catastrophe. In facing the world crises, the ecumenical movement has developed an approach called the “Economy of Life.” Member churches of the WCC, as well as other institutions, are asked to engage with and promote this approach. This article investigates whether and how the Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD), a member church of the WCC, has adopted the concept of an economy of life with its notion of a necessary change of the economic system. The findings show that, in the period analyzed, the EKD did not mention the concept, nor did it oppose or assess the capitalistic and neoliberal economic system.
Abiotic drivers of the space use and activity of gray reef sharks Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos in a dynamic tidal environment
Authors: Laurioux Anaïs , Huveneers Charlie , Papastamatiou Yannis , Planes Serge , Ballesta Laurent , Mourier Johann
Published: May 2024

Predators display rhythms in behavior and habitat use, often with the goal of maximizing foraging success. The underlying mechanisms behind these rhythms are generally linked to abiotic conditions related to diel, lunar, or seasonal cycles. To understand their effects on the space use, activity, and swimming depth of gray reef sharks (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos), we tagged 38 individuals with depth and accelerometer sensors in a French Polynesian atoll channel exposed to strong tidal flow, and monitored them over a year. C. amblyrhynchos used a larger space during nighttime and were more active at night and during outgoing currents. Shark activity also peaked during the full and new moons. The swimming depth of sharks was mostly influenced by diel cycles, with sharks swimming deeper during the day compared to nighttime. The dynamic energyscape may promote the emergence of discrete behavioral strategies in reef sharks that use the south channel of Fakarava for resting and foraging purposes. Turbulence imposed by outgoing tides induces additional foraging cost on sharks, shifting their hunting areas to the southern part of the channel, where turbulence is less pronounced. Understanding when and where sharks are active and foraging is important for our understanding of predator–prey dynamics and ecosystem dynamics. This study highlights how abiotic rhythms in a highly dynamic environment likely generate spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the distribution of predation pressure.
Precision glycan supplementation: A strategy to improve performance and intestinal health of laying hens in high‐stress commercial environments
Authors: Petranyi Friedrich , Whitton Maria M. , Lobo Edina , Ramirez Santiago , Radovanović Anita , Bajagai Yadav S. , Stanley Dragana
Published: May 2024

In the dynamic world of animal production, many challenges arise in disease control, animal welfare and the need to meet antibiotic‐free demands. Emerging diseases have a significant impact on the poultry industry. Managing gut microbiota is an important determinant of poultry health and performance. Introducing precision glycans as feed additives adds another dimension to this complex environment. The glycans play pivotal roles in supporting gut health and immunological processes and are likely to limit antibiotic usage while enhancing intestinal well‐being and overall poultry performance. This study explores precision glycan product as a feed additive supplemented at a continuous dose of 900 g per tonne of feed, in a free‐range production system on a large commercial farm. Forty thousand 17‐week‐old pullets were randomly allocated to one of two separated sections of the production shed, with individual silos and egg‐collecting belts. The flock performance, gut microbiota and its functionality were analysed throughout the laying cycle until 72 weeks of age. The results demonstrated that introducing precision glycans improved a range of performance indicators, including reduced cumulative mortality, especially during a major smothering event, where the birds pile up until they suffocate. There was also significantly increased hen‐housed egg production, reduced gut dysbiosis score and undigested feed, increased number of goblet cells and improved feed conversion ratio. Additionally, microbiota analysis revealed significant changes in the composition of the gizzard, ileum content, ileum mucosa, and caecal and cloacal regions. Overall, the findings suggest that precision glycans have the potential to enhance poultry egg production in challenging farming environments.
Comparison of blood ΒHBA measurement devices for diagnosis of subclinical pregnancy toxaemia in sheep: A field study
Authors: Turgut Ali Osman , Koca Davut , Ünver Ali
Published: May 2024

Pregnancy toxaemia is a serious disease that occurs during the last trimester of pregnancy in sheep. Yet, in most cases, the disease may have a subclinical course. This study was aimed at comparing blood βHBA measurement devices for diagnosis of subclinical pregnancy toxaemia in late pregnant sheep. In the study, a total of 50 blood samples were collected from Romanov (n = 30) and cross‐bred Hamdani (n = 20) sheep. Blood βHBA levels were measured using TaiDoc TD‐4235 and CentriVet βHBA hand‐held meter. Randox βHBA (Ranbut) assay was used as a reference laboratory method to compare hand‐held meters. βHBA value of 0.8 mmol/L was set as the cut‐off value for diagnosis of subclinical pregnancy toxaemia. Statistical analyses were carried out using Minitab 21 and Jamovi software. In the study, the correlation of Randox‐TaiDoc TD‐4235 and Randox‐CentriVet was .822 (p < .001) and .728 (p < .001), respectively. Based on the Ranbut assay, nine ewes out of 50 were diagnosed with subclinical pregnancy toxaemia. Specificity (detection of healthy ewes) and sensitivity (detection of ewes with subclinical pregnancy toxaemia) for TaiDoc TD‐4235 and CentriVet hand‐held meters were 100%, 77.8%, and 100%, 66.7%, respectively. In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were 0.976 and 0.920 for TaiDoc and CentriVet, respectively. Bland–Altman analysis revealed a bias of 0.092 mmol/L for TaiDoc and a bias of 0.132 mmol/L for CentriVet. TaiDoc hand‐held meter shows a better correlation with the Randox Ranbut assay and greater sensitivity compared to the CentriVet hand‐held meter. In conclusion, both TaiDoc and CentriVet hand‐held meters can be securely used in the diagnosis of subclinical pregnancy toxaemia in sheep. For these reasons, subclinical pregnancy toxaemia and these devices will be evaluated within the scope of herd management programme in the sheep industry. It should also be taken into account that these conditions will affect the future fertility of the mother and offspring.
A Reversible Miniaturized Tesla Valve
Authors: Al Balushi Faras , Dahi Taleghani Arash
Published: May 2024

Tesla valves are passive fluid diodes originally proposed in 1920 by Nikola Tesla and consist of parallel tubes with bifurcated sections that rectify flow using fluid dynamics principles. Unlike conventional Tesla valves which are fixed in shape and offer a specific preset diodicity, the novel concept presented here provides a Tesla valve with adjustable diodicity capable of reversing the flow direction to promote flow in the backward direction rather than the forward direction. This reversibility is achieved by applying external stress that changes the valve's preferential flow. Through an integrated workflow, Tesla valve diodicity is evaluated under external uniaxial compression or tension for low Reynolds numbers ranging between 10 and 300. Findings reveal that the diodicity of the valve decreases below one under sufficient uniaxial compression. These results suggest the potential for reversing the valve's functionality under specific conditions, promoting less resistant flow in the reverse direction than the forward direction. Oppositely, applying tension to the Tesla valve increases the diodicity of the valve to up to 4.38, representing an increase of 89.6% in valve's diodicity compared to the undeformed valve. Moreover, a diodicity value of 1.57 is achieved at a Reynolds number of 30 upon applying 20% strain in tension. Such a reversible valve can be made of flexible material and will provide additional potential applications for the valve where the direction of the flow needs to be fine-tuned.
Germline variants alter immune surveillance
Authors: Waddell Nicola , Addala Venkateswar
Published: May 2024

Germline-derived epitopes shape tumor development through immunoediting
In Other Journals
Authors: Jiang Di , Funk Michael , Lavine Marc S. , Uzogara Ekeoma , Ray L. Bryan , Ash Caroline , Smith Jesse
Published: May 2024

Editors’ selections from the current scientific literature
Drug development blossoms for rare, fatal bone disease
Authors: Leslie Mitch
Published: May 2024

Five drugs are now approved or in trials for genetic condition that triggers misplaced bone growth
Multimodal Gesture Recognition with Spatio-Temporal Features Fusion Based on YOLOv5 and MediaPipe
Authors: Cao Wenyi , Lu Peiqi , Cao Wenxin
Published: May 2024

As a natural, intuitive and easy-to-learn mode of interaction, gesture plays an important role in communication. Hand detection, containing multimodal information, includes static and dynamic detection and involves intricate spatial relationship problems such as different hand sizes, complex joints, occlusion and self-occlusion. This study focused on a multimodal hand gesture recognition system based on YOLOv5 and MediaPipe with fused spatio-temporal features. First, the Mediapipe and OpenCV libraries were employed to implement hand keypoint detection. Subsequently, the human–computer interaction (HCI) of volume control was realized by identifying the distance between thumb and index. Finally, model training was conducted based on the YOLOv5 algorithm, and the recognition of different gesture categories was realized. The performance was evaluated and compared through YOLOv5s, YOLOv5m, and YOLOv5l. The gesture recognition system interface visualization was achieved through pyqt5. Experiments show that the average detection accuracy of the model is 99.4% and the recognition speed is around 0.2[Formula: see text]s.
THE ENERGY BALANCE METHOD COUPLED WITH THE GALERKIN METHOD FOR LOCAL FRACTIONAL NONLINEAR OSCILLATION
Authors: YANG YONG-JU , HAN GUO-LI , WANG BAO-JUN
Published: May 2024

The method of solving the vibration frequency of local fractional nonlinear oscillators under general initial conditions is studied by coupling the energy balance method with the Galerkin method. One test case of fractional vibration is given to prove the feasibility of this method.
APPLICATION OF TRI-VECTOR ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY THE OPTIMUM COATING THICKNESS IN INDUCED DRAFT FANS
Authors: SARANGI SANGITA , BEHERA AJAY KUMAR , BAJPAI SHUBHRA , SAHOO SUBHADRA , SETHY SUNITA , DAS SUDHANSU RANJAN
Published: May 2024

An atmospheric plasma spray deposition process was adopted for coating regular-shaped, Stellite 6 powder directly on a rolled 3[Formula: see text]mm size AISI 304 austenitic grade stainless steel substrate without any intermediate bond layers. Coating thickness as measured in a scanning electron microscope was obtained as 74 [Formula: see text]m, 128 [Formula: see text]m, and 215 [Formula: see text]m. An experimental investigation of the functional behavior such as corrosion, microhardness, and erosion of the coated steel at different operating temperatures was undertaken to determine the suitability of its application in the industry. Erosion tests were conducted in an air jet tribo-tester utilizing alumina as an erodent with normal impingement angle at room temperature, 300∘C, and 600∘C. It was difficult to identify a single coating thickness that can be satisfactorily used for superior erosive wear properties with corrosion resistance. So modern management tools such as tri-vector and technology sieve analysis procedures as identification techniques were adopted for the selection of the best coating thickness by complying with the mechanical, erosion, and corrosion resistance properties. Steel coated with 128-[Formula: see text]m coating thickness provides the best result for a combination of functional characteristics.
FIGURE 5 from Pan-Cancer Interrogation of B7-H3 (CD276) as an Actionable Therapeutic Target Across Human Malignancies
Authors: Miller Carly D. , Lozada John R. , Zorko Nicholas A. , Elliott Andrew , Makovec Allison , Radovich Milan , Heath Elisabeth I. , Agarwal Neeraj , Mckay Rana R. , Garje Rohan , Bastos Bruno R. , Hoon Dave S.B. , Orme Jacob J. , Sartor Oliver , VanderWalde Ari , Nabhan Chadi , Sledge George , Shenderov Eugene , Dehm Scott M. , Lou Emil , Miller Jeffrey S. , Hwang Justin H. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S.
Published: May 2024

Association of B7-H3 expression with key driver mutations. Alteration frequency of TP53 mutations (A), RB1 mutations (B), KRAS mutations (C), MYC amplifications (D) of across 10 different cancer types with high and low B7-H3 expression. **, q < 0.01; ***, q < 0.001. Cox proportional HRs were calculated for each comparison group with significance determined as q values of <0.05 using log-rank statistics.
Unlocking the Potential of VExUS in Assessing Venous Congestion: The Art of Doing It Right
Authors: Koratala Abhilash , Romero-González Gregorio , Soliman-Aboumarie Hatem , Kazory Amir
Published: May 2024

Congestion, marked by elevated cardiac filling pressures and their repercussions, is a contributing factor to morbidity and mortality in heart failure and critical illness. Relying on traditional methods for bedside evaluation often leads to inadequate decongestion and increased hospital readmissions. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), particularly multi-organ POCUS, including the Venous Excess Ultrasound (VExUS), offers a promising approach in this scenario. VExUS enables the quantification of systemic venous congestion, aiding in fluid overload states by assessing inferior vena cava and venous Doppler waveforms. This comprehensive review delves into the latest developments in comprehending and evaluating congestion, shedding light on technical intricacies to enhance the effective application of VExUS. Recent studies emphasize the importance of evaluating signs of hemodynamic congestion before administering intravenous fluids, highlighting the concept of 'fluid tolerance'. Moreover, VExUS-guided decongestion significantly improves decongestion rates in acute decompensated heart failure patients with acute kidney injury. Newer studies also highlight the prognostic implications of VExUS in the general ICU cohorts not confining to cardiac surgery patients. However, performing VExUS without understanding technical pitfalls may lead to clinical errors. Technical considerations in performing VExUS include nuances related to inferior vena cava and internal jugular vein ultrasound and familiarity with Doppler principles, optimal settings, and artifacts. Additionally, local structural alterations such as those seen in liver and kidney disease impact Doppler waveforms, emphasizing the need for careful interpretation. Overall, VExUS presents a valuable tool for assessing congestion and guiding management, provided clinicians are familiar with its technical complexities and interpret findings judiciously.
O Impacto da Nova Lei de Falências no Mercado de Crédito Brasileiro
Authors: Barbosa Klênio , Carraro André , Ely Regis A. , Ribeiro Felipe Garcia
Published: May 2024

Este artigo avalia as mudanças no mercado de crédito brasileiro em decorrência da Nova Lei de Falências, identificando seus impactos sobre inadimplência, spread bancário, volume de crédito e número de falências. Para isso, utilizaram-se séries disponíveis pelo Banco Central durante o período de 2000 a 2012, avaliando o impacto da lei por meio de regressões lineares e de um método de quebras endógenas. Além de uma diminuição significativa do número de falências, identificou-se um aumento nas concessões de crédito para pessoa jurídica, embora o volume total não tenha sido afetado. Os resultados também indicam que a Nova Lei de Falências não foi eficaz no sentido de diminuir as taxas de inadimplência das pessoas jurídicas e o spread bancário.
Mudanças no regime do ICMS: uma estimativa da perda fiscal decorrente da desoneração das exportações e impactos sobre a balança comercial
Authors: Kume Honorio , Piani Guida
Published: May 2024

A desoneração do ICMS incidente sobre as exportações de produtos primários e semi-elaborados e a possibilidade de dedução daquele imposto pago nas compras de bens de capital e de material de consumo não diretamente incorporado no processo produtivo — medidas recentemente aprovadas pelo Congresso Nacional — correspondem a uma desvalorização "fiscal" que deverá aumentar a competitividade dos produtos comercializáveis brasileiros. O presente artigo apresenta uma estimativa da receita do ICMS sobre as exportaçõs em 1994 e 1995, seguida de uma avaliação do impacto da redução da carga fiscal sobre a balança comercial brasileira.
Redistributive effects of alternative indirect tax reforms for Brazil
Authors: Siqueira Rozane Bezerra de
Published: May 2024

Este artigo investiga em que medida objetivos redistributivos podem ser alcançados no Brasil por meio do sistema tributário indireto. A medida variação equivalente do excedente do consumidor é usada para estimar os ganhos e perdas de diferentes grupos de famílias resultantes de reformas tributárias alternativas. O efeito total de cada reforma é avaliado com base numa função de bem-estar social do tipo Bergson-Samuelson. Os resultados sugerem que seriam necessárias mudanças substanciais na atual estrutura de alíquotas, particularmente a introdução de subsídios para alimentação - para assegurar melhorias significativas de bem-estar para as classes de renda mais baixas.
Convergence of rules of origin in preferential trade agreements: the case of the free trade agreement of the Americas
Authors: Silber Simão Davi
Published: May 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir regras de origem nos atuais acordos preferenciais em implementação nas Américas e o que precisa ser feito para conciliar os diferentes regimes em uma futura área de livre comércio no hemisfério, apresentando sugestões para sua convergência para regras de origem que sejam simples e transparentes, minimizando as restrições ao comércio no hemisfério.
Aprendizaje, acumulacion, pleno empleo: las tres claves del desarrollo
Authors: Rodriguez Octavio
Published: May 2024

El autor se propone poner de manifiesto algunas peculiaridades del subdesarrollo que conviene tener en cuenta cuando se piensa en polfticas de largo plazo planteadas para discutir su posible superacion. La primera seccion del trabajo aborda el tema de la revolucion tecnologica y de la necesidad de constituir un "espacio de aprendizaje" mediante un conjunto de polfticas destinadas a obviar sus desventajas y aprovechar sus beneficios. La segunda se refiere al "espacio de acumulacion", cuyo desenvolvimiento se configura, tambien, como requisite para aprovecharlas oportunidades que ofrece el proceso de globalizacion y para evitar los riesgos que lo acompahan. En la tercera se procura mostrar que la viabilidad y eficiencia de una estrategia de desarrollo fundada en un espacio de acumulacion y aprendizaje requieren mantener el pleno empleo en las actividades modernas, y lograr ademas la paulatina reabsorcion del subempleo en dichas actividades. En la cuarta seccion se procura poner de manifiesto las visiones del Estado subyacentes en las estrategias de desarrollo que se vienen discutiendo en la region. For ultimo, la seccion final sintetiza e interrelaciona los aspectos centrales de la argumentacion.
Os efeitos negativos da politica cambial sobre a agricultura brasileira
Authors: Melo Fernando Homem de
Published: May 2024

Este artigo enfoca os custos incorridos pelo setor agrícola brasileiro como consequência da política cambial adotada no período 1989/97. A forte apreciação da taxa de câmbio durante aquele período, particularmente com o plano Real, provocou uma queda expressiva dos preços agrícolas recebidos pelos produtores no Brasil. Por outro lado, houve um crescimento modesto da produção agrícola brasileira total e apenas um pequeno declínio da produção per capita. O aumento dos preços internacionais durante 1994/97, a expressiva redução dos preços internos dos insumos agrícolas e um significativo aumento da produtividade da terra compensaram a valorização cambial no período.
A politica cambial do Plano Real
Authors: Sayad João
Published: May 2024

O principal objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os argumentos a favor e contra a política cambial adotada no Brasil desde 1994 e verificar a adaptabilidade desta política à situação brasileira. Os argumentos baseados nos possíveis ganhos de produtividade, na existência de déficit público ou em cálculos contábeis da PPP não são suficientes para justificar a manutenção das taxas de câmbio reais fixas. Teoricamente, a melhor política para induzir o equilíbrio externo e interno seria desvalorizar o câmbio e aumentar a taxa de juros. Entretanto, isto não significa caminhar para uma política de câmbio livre.
Nas tessituras das memórias fluidas de Sophia Andresen e Conceição Paranhos
Authors: Nogueira Juliana de Souza Gomes
Published: May 2024

Este trabalho pretende discutir a presença do que se pode denominar de uma "memória líquida" nas poéticas de Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen e Maria da Conceição Paranhos. Comparativamente, analisa poemas das escritoras, cujos elementos evocados dão a dimensão de como as memórias pessoais das autoras vão sendo fluidamente reconstruídas nos textos, num tecer e destecer infinito que leva as composições analisadas a distanciarem-se da ideia de memória estável e fixa.
A narrativa canudense de Angela Gutiérrez: Um romance histórico contemporâneo de mediação
Authors: Albuquerque Adenilson Barros , Fleck Gilmei Francisco
Published: May 2024

O romance Luzes de Paris e o fogo de Canudos (2006), de Angela Gutiérrez, explicita gêneros narrativos e discursos multifacetados. Dialoga com aspectos importantes relativos ao momento histórico, social e cultural do Brasil nas últimas décadas do século XIX e nas primeiras do XX. Buscaremos analisá-lo e verificar aspectos de sua narrativa que nos permite considerá-lo um exemplo de romance histórico contemporâneo de mediação, conceito proposto por Fleck (2011).
Entrevista Rede Emancipa
Authors: Colosovski Laiz
Published: May 2024

Entrevista concedida por Cibele Lima, participante da Rede Emancipa de Cursinhos populares,
O jogo do texto no romance O Tímido e as Mulheres, de Pepetela
Authors: Deus Lílian Serra
Published: May 2024

Pretende-se neste trabalho, à luz da teoria da recepção, mostrar o jogo que é estabelecido na narrativa O Tímido e as Mulheres, de Pepetela sobre duas perspectivas: enredo e forma do texto literário. Pretende-se, pois, mostrar que o enredo é construído de maneira que as personagens fazem parte de um jogo, que é jogado entre elas e, simultaneamente, por Pepetela e seus leitores.  Forma e conteúdo se imbricam de tão maneira que desse diálogo nasce uma narrativa que fala de si mesma, portanto, uma metanarrativa.
A democracia no Ensaio sobre a lucidez, de José Saramago
Authors: Umbach Rosani Ketzer , Garlet Deivis Jhones , Zamberlan Lucas da Cunha
Published: May 2024

Este trabalho pretende analisar a democracia na obra Ensaio sobre a lucidez, de José Saramago. Partindo de um paradigma de estreita correlação entre o estético e o extraestético, refletimos acerca da relação entre forma e conteúdo na narrativa, de maneira a evidenciar um princípio estrutural dialético, o qual viabiliza um postulado democrático, que assume um posicionamento axiológico específico no interior do universo ficcional e, dialeticamente, em retorno com a realidade concreta.
A identidade étnico-racial em Contos Negreiros (2005), de Marcelino Freire
Authors: Silva Taysa Cristina da
Published: May 2024

O presente artigo, após considerar as constantes que aproximam e distanciam Marcelino Freire da literatura afro-brasileira, objetiva analisar tanto a obra Contos negreiros, de uma forma geral, quanto o conto “Solar dos príncipes”, de uma forma específica, observando os desdobramentos identitários do negro no contexto contemporâneo. Para tanto será utilizado como escopo teórico, dentre outros estudiosos, as reflexões de Bernd (1988), Duarte (2011), Mérian (2008) e Stuart Hall (2006).
Comparative anatomy of young stems and leaves of 16 Dalbergia species (Fabaceae) from Madagascar and their taxonomic significance
Authors: RAMANANTSIALONINA RAVO NANTENAINA , SANDRATRINIAINA NINAH ANDRIANASOLO , RAKOUTH BAKOLIMALALA , WIEMANN MICHAEL C. , RAVAOMANALINA BAKO HARISOA
Published: May 2024

Rosewood and palisander belonging to Dalbergia (Fabaceae) are some of the most studied tree species in Madagascar. Dalbergia species can be identified based on morphological differences, mainly of flower and fruit, but are practically impossible to tell apart when these structures are missing. To support their sustainable management reliable identification of living Dalbergia is necessary prior to any exploitation. Studies of the vegetative anatomy of Dalbergia are lacking. This is the first report on young stems and leaves in endemic Dalbergia species. We studied 16 Dalbergia species from Madagascar using standard methods of anatomical investigation. Tissues and cells were examined, photographed, and comparisons were made among the taxa. Combinations of some characters can distinguish the species from one another, and six species (Dalbergia baronii, D. greveana, D. lemurica, D. purpurascens, D. razakamalalae, and D. urschii) can be distinguished by a single character. A microscopic leaf anatomical identification key for the 16 Dalbergia species is provided, which can help with the conservation and sustainable management of Dalbergia.
A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Spodocybe (Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales) in China
Authors: MA JING , ZHANG GUO-LI , ZHANG WEN-HAO , PU YUN-JU , TANG LI-PING
Published: May 2024

The genus Spodocybe belongs to the family Hygrophoraceae. To date, there are eleven taxa in this genus from Asia and Europe. Among them, six taxa are from China, including two new taxa, Spodocybe alpina and S. microspora, and four previously described taxa, S. bispora, S. rugosiceps, S. tomentosa, and S. umbilicata. The two new taxa, from southwestern China are proposed based on morphological and molecular evidence. Spodocybe alpina is currently the only known one in this genus occurring at high elevation (3100−4100 m) in Yunnan province. Spodocybe microspora is a rare wild edible mushroom known locally as “Yueliangjun” which is usually fried with chili or cooked in soups by local people. The systematic positions of two new species are strongly supported by the concatenated dataset ITS-LSU. In addition, new images with supplementary descriptions of the two known species, S. bispora and S. rugosiceps, as well as a key to species of Spodocybe in China are also provided in this study.
Meiogyne konkakinhensis (Annonaceae), a new species from the central highlands of Vietnam
Authors: QUANG BUI HONG , TAGANE SHUICHIRO , NAGAHAMA AI , FUJIWARA TAO , YONEOKA KATSUHIRO , BINH TRAN DUC , OGURI EMIKO
Published: May 2024

N/A
Review of ant genus Pachycondyla Smith, 1858 in Brazil (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: MARCINEIRO FREDERICO S. R. , LATTKE JOHN E.
Published: May 2024

We review the taxonomy of the Neotropical species of the genus Pachycondyla. A new species (Pachycondyla beneditoi sp. n.) is described. Ponera pilosa new syn. is synonymized with P. crassinoda, based on a type male. Pachycondyla fuscoatra is redescribed and its distinctness from P. impressa is discussed. Pachycondyla harpax is still a taxonomic problem, with much morphological variation over a wide distribution. Pachycondyla impressa does not occur in Brazil; all previous records are P. fuscoatra or P. beneditoi. The gyne of P. lenkoi is described. Pachycondyla constricticeps new syn. is synonymized with P. striata. A neotype for P. fuscoatra is designated and lectotypes for P. harpax, P. impressa and P. striata are designated. An identification key for the Neotropical species is presented.
Comparative chloroplast genomics and phylogenetic analysis of Oreomecon nudicaulis (Papaveraceae)
Authors: Zhan Qingbin , Huang Yalin , Xue Xiaoming , Chen Yunxia
Published: May 2024

Oreomecon nudicaulis, commonly known as mountain poppy, is a significant perennial herb. In 2022, the species O. nudicaulis, which was previously classified under the genus Papaver, was reclassified within the genus Oreomecon. Nevertheless, the phylogenetic status and chloroplast genome within the genus Oreomecon have not yet been reported. This study elucidates the chloroplast genome sequence and structural features of O. nudicaulis and explores its evolutionary relationships within Papaveraceae. Using Illumina sequencing technology, the chloroplast genome of O. nudicaulis was sequenced, assembled, and annotated. The results indicate that the chloroplast genome of O. nudicaulis exhibits a typical circular quadripartite structure. The chloroplast genome is 153,903 bp in length, with a GC content of 38.87%, containing 84 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 2 pseudogenes. The genome encodes 25,815 codons, with leucine (Leu) being the most abundant codon, and the most frequently used codon is AUU. Additionally, 129 microsatellite markers were identified, with mononucleotide repeats being the most abundant (53.49%). Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that O. nudicaulis has a relatively close relationship with the genus Meconopsis within the Papaveraceae family. The phylogenetic analysis supported the taxonomic status of O. nudicaulis, as it did not form a clade with other Papaver species, consistent with the revised taxonomy of Papaveraceae. This is the first report of a phylogenomic study of the complete chloroplast genome in the genus Oreomecon, which is a significant genus worldwide. This analysis of the O. nudicaulis chloroplast genome provides a theoretical basis for research on genetic diversity, molecular marker development, and species identification, enriching genetic information and supporting the evolutionary relationships among Papaveraceae.
Green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles by Enterobacter sp.: unveiling characterization, antimicrobial potency, and alleviation of copper stress in Vicia faba (L.) plants
Authors: Elsilk Sobhy E. , El-Shenody Rania A. , Afifi Salsabil S. , Abo-Shanab Walaa A.
Published: May 2024

Background

The biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Enterobacter sp. and the evaluation of their antimicrobial and copper stress (Cu+ 2)-reducing capabilities in Vicia faba (L.) plants. The green-synthesized ZnO NPs were validated using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD); Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. ZnO NPs could serve as an improved bactericidal agent for various biological applications. as well as these nanoparticles used in alleviating the hazardous effects of copper stress on the morphological and physiological traits of 21-day-old Vicia faba (L.) plants.

Results

The results revealed that different concentrations of ZnO NPs (250, 500, or 1000 mg L-1) significantly alleviated the toxic effects of copper stress (100 mM CuSO4) and increased the growth parameters, photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), and pigments (Chlorophyll a and b) contents in Cu-stressed Vicia faba (L.) seedlings. Furthermore, applying high concentration of ZnO NPs (1000 mg L-1) was the best dose in maintaining the levels of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and POX), total soluble carbohydrates, total soluble proteins, phenolic and flavonoid in all Cu-stressed Vicia faba (L.) seedlings. Additionally, contents of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were significantly suppressed in response to high concentrations of ZnO NPs (1000 mg L-1) in all Cu-stressed Vicia faba (L.) seedlings. Also, it demonstrates strong antibacterial action (0.9 mg/ml) against various pathogenic microorganisms.

Conclusions

The ZnO NPs produced in this study demonstrated the potential to enhance plant detoxification and tolerance mechanisms, enabling plants to better cope with environmental stress. Furthermore, these nanoparticles could serve as an improved bactericidal agent for various biological applications.