bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Un par de pliegos enrevesados de Miguel Barnades Mainader y Esteban de Prado en el Herbario del Real Colegio Alfonso XII de San Lorenzo de El Escorial (Madrid)
Authors: González-Bueno Antonio , Carrasco María A. , Perea Domingo
Published: September 2015

Se presentan dos pliegos de Umbelliferae procedentes del Herbario Barnades que se conservan en el Herbario del Real Colegio Alfonso XII de San Lorenzo de El Escorial, herbario que denominamos como RCAXII. Uno de ellos, Selinum carvifolia, fue recolectado en la Sierra de Gredos por Miguel Barnades Mainader e identificado por su hijo Miguel Barnades Clarís. El otro, Tragium flavellifolium, lo herborizó en Mieres (Asturias) Esteban de Prado y fue identificado por Mariano La Gasca.
Combining employment with unpaid caregiving: a survey on the knowledge and use of work policies in two companies in The Netherlands.
Authors: Boumans Nicolle , Dorant Elisabeth
Published: September 2015

The number of informal caregivers who combine employment with unpaid care for an ill/disabled family acquaintance is growing. Employers are challenged to create conditions for a work-home balance for their caring employees. We identified the nature of formal leave policies and informal means of organizational support for employed carers in two Dutch companies. In 2011 we distributed a digital questionnaire among all employees in one health care and one financial company. Compared to their non-caring colleagues, in both companies the caring employees only make more use of formal leave arrangements. Neither organization offers special support measures. In both companies the caregivers value the informal support at the workplace. Organizations should offer a broad variety of formal workplace policies with customized solutions for the diverse and often unpredictable caring situations their employees are confronted with in their private lives. The formal leave system should be intensified by the informal organizational culture.
PROMOÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA NO TRABALHO: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA DE UM WORKSHOP ENVOLVENDO OS TRABALHADORES DE ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Telles Anna Claúdia Maurício
Published: September 2015

O objetivo do relato é descrever a experiência da realização de um workshop direcionado à Promoção da Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho com trabalhadores de enfermagem. Trata-se de relato de experiência sobre a realização de um workshop com trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital universitário. Participaram do workshop 60 trabalhadores de enfermagem em seis estações de trabalho destinadas à Promoção da Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho. Foram realizadas seis estações de trabalho, simultaneamente, com aproximadamente 10 trabalhadores em cada uma e duração média de 30 minutos. As estações foram conduzidas por enfermeiros e fisioterapeutas com o apoio de docente e temáticas relevantes para a Saúde do trabalhador. O relato visa contribuir para ampliação das discussões sobre o tema, oferecendo subsídios para repensar o processo de trabalho e as possíveis intervenções com vistas à melhoria das condições de trabalho, empoderamento dos trabalhadores no tocante ao autocuidado e prevenção de acidentes e doenças.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA PASSAGEM DE PLANTÃO ENTRE O CENTRO CIRÚRGICO E A UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA
Authors: Bueno Bárbara Ribeiro Miquelin , De Moraes Suzana Soares , Suzuki Karina , Gonçalves Fernanda Alves Ferreira , Barreto Regiane Aparecida dos Santos Soares , Gebrim Cyanéa Ferreira Lima
Published: September 2015

A passagem de plantão deve conter todas as informações indispensáveis para continuidade da assistência. Falhas nesse processo podem prejudicar a segurança do paciente, levando a um tratamento inadequado e com potencial perigo. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a passagem de plantão entre o Centro Cirúrgico e a Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Estudo descritivo e transversal, realizado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva adulto de um hospital escola no município de Goiânia – Goiás, no período de maio a agosto de 2014. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um checklist dividido em quatro categorias contendo informações referentes à identificação, procedimento realizado, condições clínicas e cuidados pós-operatórios. A maioria das informações do checklist não foi repassada para a equipe da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Espera-se que os dados apresentados contribuam para criação de estratégias seguras e fortaleçam o comprometimento dos profissionais com a qualidade das informações transmitidas durante a passagem de plantão.
O QUE PENSAM OS ENFERMEIROS DO SAMU SOBRE O SEU PROCESSO DE TRABALHO
Authors: Luchtemberg Marilene Nonnemacher , De Pires Denise Elvira Pires
Published: September 2015

Objetivou-se identificar a percepção de enfermeiros de um Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência sobre o seu processo de trabalho em um estado da região sul do Brasil. Estudo exploratório descritivo realizado entre janeiro e março de 2014. Os dados foram coletados com 63 enfermeiros utilizando um instrumento com perguntas fechadas e abertas. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo e a teorização de Karl Marx para interpretar as formulações dos enfermeiros. As categorias analisadas foram: o trabalho no Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência - a descrição das atividades, processo de trabalho no Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência e o que orienta o agir profissional. Considerando-se o entendimento de trabalho e elementos do processo de trabalho no materialismo histórico-dialético, os resultados da pesquisa aproximam-se desta fundamentação teórica. Conclui-se que reflexões obtidas, a partir das análises das categorias, podem ser úteis para a qualificação da assistência neste campo.
CLASSIFICAÇÃO DA DEPENDÊNCIA DE CUIDADOS DE ENFERMAGEM DOS PACIENTES ACOMETIDOS POR ACIDENTE VASCULAR ENCEFÁLICO
Authors: Araújo Ana Rachel Cavalcante , Paula Edilane Perote de , Cestari Virna Ribeiro Feitosa , Barbosa Islene Victor , Carvalho Zuíla Maria De Figueiredo
Published: September 2015

Objetivou-se caracterizar os pacientes acometidos por Acidente Vascular Encefálico quanto aos aspectos sociodemográficos e classificar esses indivíduos segundo o grau de dependência dos cuidados de enfermagem. Estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido com 100 pacientes, em um hospital público, situado em Fortaleza, estado do Ceará. Os dados foram coletados no período de julho a setembro de 2012, por meio de um instrumento contendo informações referentes aos dados sociodemográficos e aplicação da Escala de Classificação de Pacientes. Os dados categóricos foram analisados por meio de distribuição de frequência absoluta e relativa. Verificou-se que 58% dos pacientes exigiam cuidados intermediários; 22%, cuidados semi-intensivos; 18%, cuidados mínimos e 2%, intensivos. O uso do processo de categorização do paciente torna favorável o planejamento das ações de cuidados de enfermagem para coadunar esforços, no intuito de oferecer assistência de qualidade a esta clientela.
AVALIAÇÃO DAS COMPETÊNCIAS DOS PROFESSORES DE ENFERMAGEM PARA FACILITAR A APRENDIZAGEM DE ADULTOS
Authors: Draganov Patricia Bover , Sanna Maria Cristina
Published: September 2015

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o desempenho que o enfermeiro docente de enfermagem atribui a si, na competência de facilitador da aprendizagem de adultos. Tratou-se de estudo descritivo, comparativo, transversal e quantitativo, desenvolvido com 226 docentes enfermeiros da graduação em enfermagem paulistana. Os dados foram colhidos de junho de 2010 a fevereiro de 2011, por meio de escala de Likert, lançados em planilha do Excel® e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e testes não-paramétricos de Wilcoxon e Friedman. Os professores se consideraram distantes do nível máximo das competências que almejavam alcançar, declararam maior domínio para o design e aplicação experiências de aprendizagem que da estrutura conceitual e teórica da aprendizagem de adultos. Os docentes se consideraram aquém do ideal nas competências para facilitar a aprendizagem.
PROCESSANDO O CUIDADO “DO NÓS” NAS RELAÇÕES/INTERAÇÕES ESTABELECIDAS POR PROFISSIONAIS DE ENFERMAGEM E DE SAÚDE
Authors: Baggio Maria Aparecida , Lorenzini Erdmann Alacoque
Published: September 2015

Este estudo objetivou compreender o cuidado “do nós” processado nas relações e interações humanas estabelecidas por profissionais de enfermagem e de saúde em um hospital universitário ao sul do Brasil. Apresentam-se uma categoria e quatro subcategorias que representam as estratégias, componente do modelo paradigmático, segundo a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, método do estudo. A coleta de dados foi realizada com quatro grupos amostrais, totalizando 25 participantes, no período de março a julho de 2011, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Tais subcategorias constituem os resultados: Sendo o cuidado “do nós” relacional e processual; Processando o cuidado “do nós” no ambiente de trabalho; Relacionando o cuidado “do nós” ao cuidado coletivo; Significando a relação e interação de cuidado junto aos pacientes e familiares. As relações e interações estabelecidas entre os profissionais e esses junto aos pacientes e familiares processam o cuidado “do nós” de forma ampla e complexa.
Zorg en ondersteuning in 2015
Authors: Vermaat M.F.
Published: September 2015

Zorg en ondersteuning in 2015

Sinds 1 januari 2015 is de zorg in Nederland volledig opnieuw georganiseerd. De auteur geeft in dit artikel een kort overzicht van de veranderingen.
Water consumption patterns of hotels and their response to droughts and public concerns regarding water conservation: The case of the Barcelona hotel industry during the 2007-2008 episode
Authors: Dinarès Marta , Saurí David
Published: September 2015

Water supply is a constraining factor in many mass tourist destinations, such as those of the Mediterranean region. Intensifying and increasingly frequent droughts in the context of climate change raise concerns about the sustainability of the tourist sector. Does the hotel sector respond to such concerns, and if yes, how? How do drought episodes affect the adoption of conservation practices and how may adaptive responses differ according to the characteristics of hotel establishments? We survey hotel managers in the Mediterranean city of Barcelona and analyze the annual water consumption of the hotels in the city over a period of 10 years, including four drought events. We find that droughts act as drivers of technological and behavioral change, with the effects being more pronounced in higher star hotels. Drought regulations issued by the government appear to send important signals to the hotel industry, and trigger the adoption of conservation measures. Hotel heterogeneity should be taken into account in future analysis and policy design.
(Re)descubrir la propia ciudad: reflexiones sobre las visitas guiadas en Barcelona
Authors: Diaz-Soria Inmaculada
Published: September 2015

El turismo se define tradicionalmente como la actividad que permite al individuo (turista) visitar espacios fuera de su entorno habitual. En un contexto globalizado, lo que se percibe como cercano y lejano, como conocido y desconocido, se encuentra distorsionado. Una parte del sector turístico ha identificado este fenómeno como una oportunidad y están apareciendo propuestas turísticas dirigidas principalmente a los habitantes del destino visitado. Este artículo analiza el caso de Barcelona, un destino turístico desarrollado a escala internacional donde el propio habitante se ha convertido en un turista potencial. A través del análisis centrado en la oferta de rutas culturales propuestas principalmente a un público de proximidad y en el origen geográfico y percibido de estos participantes, se pretende reflexionar sobre los atractivos «desconocidos pero cercanos» que son o pueden ser explotados turísticamente.
Ryan, Chris y Huang, Songsham (eds.) (2013). Tourism in China: Destinations, Planning and Experiences
Authors: Lojo Blesa Aureli
Published: September 2015

Ryan, Chris y Huang, Songsham (eds.) (2013)Tourism in China: Destinations, Planning and ExperiencesBristol: Channel View Publications, 321 p.ISBN 978-1-84541-401-6
Cánoves, G.; Villarino, M.; Blanco-Romero, A.; De Uña, E. y Espejo, C. (eds.) (2014). Turismo de interior: renovarse o morir. Estrategias y productos en Catalunya, Galicia y Murcia
Authors: Molina Hoyo Mònica
Published: September 2015

Cánoves, G.; Villarino, M.; Blanco-Romero, A.; De Uña, E. y Espejo, C. (eds.) (2014)Turismo de interior: renovarse o morir. Estrategias y productos en Catalunya, Galicia y MurciaValencia: Publicacions de la Universitat, 241 p.ISBN 978-84-370-9251-5
Barcelona como municipio turístico: algunos datos evolutivos y elementos de futuro
Authors: Duro Juan Antonio , Rodríguez David
Published: September 2015

Este trabajo analiza la evolución de Barcelona como municipio turístico en los últimos años atendiendo a diversos indicadores cuantitativos disponibles, tanto de demanda como de oferta. El manejo de estos ha permitido constatar el cambio experimentado por el turismo en la ciudad y su gran expansión. Esta expansión se ha materializado en términos de la demanda (en particular, pernoctaciones y estancia media) y de la oferta (plazas y su calidad y distribución territorial). Por otra parte, se subraya la progresiva internacionalización de la demanda (con pérdida de peso en el mercado nacional) y el avance hacia la diversificación de los mercados internacionales (con el crecimiento del mercado norteamericano). En todo caso, estos avances y progresos han generado algunas amenazas que se ciernen sobre la sostenibilidad de este crecimiento y que reclaman una política pública adecuada.
Las motivaciones de los turistas LGBT en la elección de la ciudad de Barcelona
Authors: Prat Forga Josep Maria
Published: September 2015

El turismo LGBT se está consolidando como una importante actividad dentro del sector turístico. La ciudad de Barcelona no es ajena a esta tendencia. Sin embargo, la satisfacción obtenida con esta experiencia depende de diferentes variables según la motivación principal para realizar este viaje. En este artículo se analizan estos aspectos comparando los resultados de dos encuestas. La primera, a una muestra de los asistentes al Festival Circuit, y la segunda, a un grupo de turistas LGBT ajenos a este evento. De esta manera se ha confirmado que hay significativas diferencias entre la valoración dada por estos dos grupos de turistas a las diferentes variables que influyen en su viaje. El aspecto afectivo es el más valorado por los que realizan el viaje sin el reclamo de un gran evento pensado para este colectivo, aunque el componente lúdico tiene una gran influencia entre los asistentes a un macroevento pensado para el colectivo LGBT.
How Do Our Students Learn? An Outline of a Cognitive Psychological Model for Information Literacy Instruction
Authors: Cook Dani Brecher , Klipfel Kevin Michael
Published: September 2015

Effective pedagogy requires understanding how students learn and tailoring our instruction accordingly. One key element of student-centered pedagogy involves understanding the cognitive psychological processes according to which students learn, and to structure our teaching with these processes in mind. This paper fills in a gap in the current literature, by applying empirically grounded lessons drawn from the cognitive science of learning, and discussing specific applications of these lessons for information literacy instruction. The paper outlines a framework for information literacy instruction, grounded in the educational and cognitive psychology literature, for facilitating student retention and transfer of information literacy skills, two classic measures of student learning. Five specific principles and several strategies for promoting retention and transfer within information literacy instruction are outlined. This article is an expansion of a presentation given at LOEX in May 2014.
Book Review: Film Programming for Public Libraries
Authors: Dent Nelson
Published: September 2015

Film programming is an engaging way to bring customers of all ages into the library, and this timely primer by Katie Irons offers libraries a step-by-step guide to make each showing a success. Film programming can be tricky, as libraries need to pay close attention to the legality and logistics of film screening in addition to programming. Fortunately we have Irons to show us the way, with her more than fifteen years as the audiovisual collection development librarian for the Pierce County Library System in Tacoma, Washington. Irons selects for and maintains a 500,000-item audiovisual collection for Pierce County, serving more than 560,000 people, and her knowledge and experience in film programming inform this excellent book.
Book Review: Intellectual Freedom for Teens: A Practical Guide for Young Adult and School Librarians
Authors: Tomsu Lindsey
Published: September 2015

Intellectual Freedom for Teens is a short, easy-to-read introduction to the topic of intellectual freedom (IF). The book’s raison d’être is the fact that many young adult (YA) librarians deal with unexpected book challenges because a large proportion of the titles on ALA’s annual Frequently Challenged Books list are YA books that are popular among teens, used in classrooms, or both. The book aims to introduce librarians to the issues involved in championing for teens’ intellectual freedom rights, specifically the right to read.
Book Review: Top 250 LGBTQ Books for Teens
Authors: Wachsmann Melanie
Published: September 2015

This book should be required reading for anyone working with teens. Cart and Jenkins have compiled a list of LGBTQ-themed books comprising fiction, nonfiction, graphic novels, and professional resources. Both the fiction and graphic novel sections include codes to indicate whether the book’s themes include “homosexual visibility,” “gay assimilation,” and/or “queer consciousness.” Additional information about the meaning and use of these codes is presented in the appendix.
Book Review: Encyclopedia of Education Economics & Finance
Authors: Bartlett Jennifer A.
Published: September 2015

Comprehensive studies of educational systems in an economic and social sciences context are relatively recent. The 1966 Equality of Educational Opportunity report (also known as the Coleman Report) addressed the availability of equal educational opportunities to children of different races, religions, and national origins in response to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This was an early example of social science research being used to influence national policy. Since then, educational finance research has blossomed into an area of study that influences decision makers at the national, state and local levels in resource allocation, assessment, and school organizational and restructuring policies.
Book Review: Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History
Authors: Hawkins Michael
Published: September 2015

This four-volume set seeks to explain and define 400 years of German military history. Early on the editor explains what he means by “Germany,” stating “for our purposes, Germany is defined as the Federal Republic of Germany today, its predecessor states, and the component kingdoms and principalities that combine to form Imperial Germany” (xxxvii). This was an important distinction to make given the unique history of Germany as a united nation. There are many books that cover German military history, however, many of those only focus on specific periods or states of Germany.
Book Review: Modern Genocide: The Definitive Resource and Document Collection
Authors: Bemis Michael F.
Published: September 2015

As a term, “genocide” is one of the more recent entrants in the English language lexicon, having gained currency only since World War II and that conflict’s attendant pogroms of the Jewish and other peoples. As a concept and course of action, however, that of a methodical effort to eliminate an entire race or ethnic group, history shows that there have been numerous holocausts stretching back, probably, to the origin of our species. In fact, there have been so many concerted efforts on the part of People A to rid Planet Earth of People B, that the editors have limited the scope of their work to those instances that occurred during the twentieth century, hence the import of “modern” in its title.
From the President of RUSA: A New Strategic Plan for RUSA
Authors: Houston Anne M.
Published: September 2015

In the fall of 2014 the RUSA leadership embarked on a strategic planning process intended to position our organization for strength and growth over the next few years. In beginning of the process we first needed to confront a challenge: that RUSA—like many professional organizations and indeed many ALA divisions—has experienced declining membership since the economic downturn of 2008, which placed economic pressure on librarians and caused many to question whether to continue association memberships, and if so, how many associations our budgets would allow us to join. For many of us, the bottom line is that we must see value in our association memberships, and receive excellent products and services in return for our investment. Recognizing this, the strategic planning team asked what our members most value in RUSA, and how we can strengthen it while minimizing bureaucratic inefficiencies and eliminating activity that does not benefit our members.
The intra-annual streamflow distribution of Ukrainian rivers in different phases of long-term cyclical fluctuations
Authors: Gorbachova Liudmyla
Published: September 2015

In this article, the analysis of homogeneity and stationarity of the mean monthly discharges of the rivers of Ukraine was carried out by means of hydro-genetic methods with the use of observation series on 305 water gauging stations from the very beginning of the observation till 2010 inclusive. An integral curve was used for the estimates of homogeneity of the observation series. Difference-integral curves were used for estimation of stationarity of the observation series and for the study of their long-term cyclical fluctuations. It turned out that most series of the  mean monthly discharges were homogeneous. The  observation series that have a full cycle of long-term cyclical fluctuations (dry and wet phases) are stationary, whereas other observation series are quasi-stationary. The  intra-annual streamflow redistribution occurs depending on dry and wet phases of long-term cyclical fluctuations. It is shown that the terms, the duration of periods and seasons of intra-annual streamflow distribution should define cyclical fluctuations because the mean monthly discharges change in dry and wet phases. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out development of the schemes of the components of intra-annual streamflow distribution for the rivers of Ukraine because such schemes were defined on the  short observation series in 50–80s of the  20th century without considering a  long-term cyclical fluctuation streamflow.
“At Last! The Government’s War on Poverty Explained”: The Special Planning Secretariat, the Welfare State, and the Rhetoric of the Poverty in the 1960s
Authors: Tough David
Published: September 2015

The Special Planning Secretariat was established in the Privy Council Office of the Canadian federal government in 1965 with a mandate to coordinate and promote initiatives against poverty, and was quickly dubbed Canada’s “war on poverty” department. Originally the brainchild of Prime Minister Lester Pearson’s policy chief Tom Kent, who hoped it would make the government’s ambitious social policy agenda more legible, the Secretariat survived Kent’s resignation and took on a lower-profile role generating material to raise public awareness both of poverty and of government’s various efforts to alleviate it. Working in partnership with voluntary organizations and other government agencies including the National Film Board, the Secretariat pioneered new ways of presenting government activities and representing the poor. Its vision of government, reflected in the Index of Programs for Human Development, was comprehensive, reflecting a strategic approach to the federal bureaucracy that would dominate by the 1970s; its representation of poverty, especially in the film The Things I Cannot Change, was bleak and it isolated the poor from social relations. The Secretariat’s activities, which have been obscured by the memory of the redistributive social programmes introduced in the same era, left a mixed legacy for government action to redress poverty.
Reading Across Borders: The Case of Anne Clifford’s “Popish” Books
Authors: Knight Leah
Published: September 2015

This paper investigates the experiences of Anne Clifford (1590–1676) with three controversial books: the anonymous libel known as Leicester’s Commonwealth; the Jesuit Robert Parsons’ Resolution (and its Protestant adaptation by Edward Bunny); and François De Sales’ Introduction to a Devout Life. Clifford’s unorthodox choice of reading material in these cases appears to jar with ideas about what an early modern woman — loyal to the Church of England and to the state, even through the political and religious uproar of England’s civil wars — could, would, or did read: all three titles were “popish,” one was seditious, and two saw many copies burned before Clifford obtained her own. Evidence for Clifford’s reading of these works is set in the context of her own wider habits and circumstances to understand her motives for attending to such seemingly controversial materials. The paper concludes that Clifford’s attention to these books does not likely reflect any divergence from her avowed orthodoxy, and unveils the likelihood of other motives for her engagement, such as genealogical research.
“We Dare Entertain Thoughts not to the Liking of Present-Day Bigots”: Radical Slavs, Race, Civil Rights, and Anti-Communism in Red-Scare America
Authors: Zecker Robert M.
Published: September 2015

Developing a white identity was a key component in immigrants’ acculturation to America. Many immigrants learned to distance themselves from black fellow workers through cultural productions that delineated blacks as impermissible outsiders, and made a case for Slavic or Mediterranean inclusion in the Caucasian republic. Yet “red” immigrants resisted white privilege. During the 1930s-1950s, members of the International Workers Order endorsed anti-colonial movements and civil rights for blacks at home. The Slovak Workers Order and other IWO lodges joined the “American Crusade Against Lynching” and lobbied for an end to the poll tax and segregation. During World War II the IWO was active in anti-lynching and anti-poll-tax campaigns. While in the 1940s many white Americans violently resisted black attempts to integrate neighbourhoods, the radical groups sought to counter the hegemonic white narrative and build cross-racial alliances while preserving members’ discreet, ethnic identities. In no small measure because of this anti-racist activism, the Order was placed on the Attorney General’s List of Subversive Organizations. By 1954 the Order was dismantled, but for a brief moment some “red” members opted out of racial privilege in favour of black-white solidarity.
Diplomacy of Constraint Revisited: Canada and the UN Korean Reconstruction Agency, 1950-55
Authors: Donaghy Greg
Published: September 2015

Historians remain divided over the nature of Canadian diplomacy during the Korean conflict of 1950-1953. Some favour traditional interpretations that stress Canadian-American differences over Western strategy in Cold War Asia, differences which encouraged Ottawa to pursue a “diplomacy of constraint.” Others minimize the gap between Ottawa and Washington, insisting that similar worldviews and shared Cold War interests severely limited Ottawa’s inclination and capacity to constrain the much more powerful United States. Canada’s experience with the United Nations Korean Reconstruction Agency (UNKRA), created in the fall of 1950 to help rebuild shattered South Korea, provides an opportunity to test these two interpretations against the still untapped documentary record. This paper explores the competing set of motives, goals, and preoccupations that shaped Canada’s approach to this UN agency. Humanitarianism and the allure of Asian trade were doubtless considerations. But politics trumped all. Support for the UN agency helped Ottawa sustain domestic backing, particularly among liberals and progressives, for the brutal Asian conflict. Canadian officials, like their UN and American counterparts, embraced UNKRA as a “pioneering” effort to showcase capitalist development in the context of the Asian Cold War. Most important, UNKRA was yet another multilateral mechanism available to Ottawa to offset, or constrain, the American tendency “to go it alone.”
Studying Russian Religion Since the Collapse of Communism
Authors: Coleman Heather J.
Published: September 2015

This review article surveys the field of the religious history of Russia since the fall of the Soviet Union. Increased accessibility to the archives in the early 1990s coincided with historiographical developments such as the “new cultural history” and the “lived religion” approach to the study of religious cultures, favouring a renewed interest in religious topics. The article argues that the lived religion approach has allowed scholars to rethink the classic question of the relationship between church and state, to demonstrate the significance of religion to the social, intellectual, and political transformations experienced in late imperial and early Soviet Russia, and to reconceptualize Russian Orthodoxy’s relationship with modernization and modernity. This research demonstrates the need to correct the traditional neglect of the Orthodox experience in histories of religion in Europe and in theorizing religious change and secularization in the modern era.
A Russian View on Teaching Russian History in Canadian Universities
Authors: Avdeev Victor
Published: September 2015

As a Russianist, I have always been interested in understanding the basic approaches in teaching Russian studies in the West. My intimate knowledge of the development of Western historiography — and its latest developments — can only clarify, though, some facets of my inquiry. In 2014, as a visiting professor of Russian history at Brock University, I had the chance to acquaint myself with essential principles, forms, and methods of teaching Russian history in Canada. I also appreciated the opportunity to find out the source of Canadian students’ interest in Russian history, their motivation, likes and dislikes in learning and researching it. Comparing Russian and Canadian ways of teaching Russian history and discussing the inconsistent views of Canadian students toward Russian history, I would like to define the most useful concepts and forms to assist in the learning of the Russian past in both our countries, despite current political troubles.
Tempos de Vargas: o rádio e o controle da informação
Authors: Jambeiro Othon , Mota Amanda , Ribeiro Andrea , Amaral Clarissa , Simões Cassiano , Costa Eliane , Brito Fabiano , Ferreira Sandro , Santos Suzy dos
Published: September 2015

Uma análise comparativa entre os campos da história, da política e do desenvolvimento sócio econômico através da associação entre a legislação da Era Vargas com o desenvolvimento técnico e social das mídias. A obra, resultado da autoria de jornalistas, publicitários, sociólogos e pesquisadores é marcada pelo ponto de vista eclético e minucioso que descreve desde o nascimento da radiofusão no Brasil, as mudanças ocorridas durante a Constituição de 1934, o Estado Novo, o pós-guerra e na instauração da democracia no país. Um registro que colabora para a acessibilidade de dados históricos e de imensa importância para aqueles que nutrem paixão por este meio de comunicação que marcou a história das mídias por seu pioneirismo e seu poder de influência no Brasil e no mundo.
Corticostriatal dynamics encode the refinement of specific behavioral variability during skill learning
Authors: Santos Fernando J , Oliveira Rodrigo F , Jin Xin , Costa Rui M
Published: September 2015

Learning to perform a complex motor task requires the optimization of specific behavioral features to cope with task constraints. We show that when mice learn a novel motor paradigm they differentially refine specific behavioral features. Animals trained to perform progressively faster sequences of lever presses to obtain reinforcement reduced variability in sequence frequency, but increased variability in an orthogonal feature (sequence duration). Trial-to-trial variability of the activity of motor cortex and striatal projection neurons was higher early in training and subsequently decreased with learning, without changes in average firing rate. As training progressed, variability in corticostriatal activity became progressively more correlated with behavioral variability, but specifically with variability in frequency. Corticostriatal plasticity was required for the reduction in frequency variability, but not for variability in sequence duration. These data suggest that during motor learning corticostriatal dynamics encode the refinement of specific behavioral features that change the probability of obtaining outcomes.
Determining composition of micron-scale protein deposits in neurodegenerative disease by spatially targeted optical microproteomics
Authors: Hadley Kevin C , Rakhit Rishi , Guo Hongbo , Sun Yulong , Jonkman James EN , McLaurin Joanne , Hazrati Lili-Naz , Emili Andrew , Chakrabartty Avijit
Published: September 2015

Spatially targeted optical microproteomics (STOMP) is a novel proteomics technique for interrogating micron-scale regions of interest (ROIs) in mammalian tissue, with no requirement for genetic manipulation. Methanol or formalin-fixed specimens are stained with fluorescent dyes or antibodies to visualize ROIs, then soaked in solutions containing the photo-tag: 4-benzoylbenzyl-glycyl-hexahistidine. Confocal imaging along with two photon excitation are used to covalently couple photo-tags to all proteins within each ROI, to a resolution of 0.67 µm in the xy-plane and 1.48 µm axially. After tissue solubilization, photo-tagged proteins are isolated and identified by mass spectrometry. As a test case, we examined amyloid plaques in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model and a post-mortem AD case, confirming known plaque constituents and discovering new ones. STOMP can be applied to various biological samples including cell lines, primary cell cultures, ex vivo specimens, biopsy samples, and fixed post-mortem tissue.
FAM150A and FAM150B are activating ligands for anaplastic lymphoma kinase
Authors: Guan Jikui , Umapathy Ganesh , Yamazaki Yasuo , Wolfstetter Georg , Mendoza Patricia , Pfeifer Kathrin , Mohammed Ateequrrahman , Hugosson Fredrik , Zhang Hongbing , Hsu Amy W , Halenbeck Robert , Hallberg Bengt , Palmer Ruth H
Published: September 2015

Aberrant activation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) has been described in a range of human cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer and neuroblastoma (Hallberg and Palmer, 2013). Vertebrate ALK has been considered to be an orphan receptor and the identity of the ALK ligand(s) is a critical issue. Here we show that FAM150A and FAM150B are potent ligands for human ALK that bind to the extracellular domain of ALK and in addition to activation of wild-type ALK are able to drive 'superactivation' of activated ALK mutants from neuroblastoma. In conclusion, our data show that ALK is robustly activated by the FAM150A/B ligands and provide an opportunity to develop ALK-targeted therapies in situations where ALK is overexpressed/activated or mutated in the context of the full length receptor.
Psychosocial functioning before and after surgical treatment for morbid obesity: reliability and validation of the Norwegian version of obesity-related problem scale
Authors: Aasprang Anny , Andersen John Roger , Våge Villy , Kolotkin Ronette L. , Natvig Gerd Karin
Published: September 2015

Background.The aims of this study were to translate the Obesity-Related Problem scale (OP scale) into the Norwegian language and test its reliability, validity and responsiveness in a Norwegian sample.

Method.The questionnaire (OP scale) was translated from the original language (Swedish) into Norwegian. Patients completed the questionnaire prior to and one year after sleeve gastrectomy. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’sα. Construct validity was tested by correlating the OP-scale with the SF-36 and the Cantril Ladder using the Pearson correlation coefficient. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the unidimensionality of the OP scale. Responsiveness was tested by assessing changes in the OP scale from baseline to one year post-surgery using the paired samplet-test. Floor and ceiling effect were calculated as percentages.

Results.A total of 181 patients (123 women) accepted for bariatric surgery was included in the study. The mean age was 43.1 ± 12.5 years, and mean body mass index (BMI) before surgery was 45 ± 6.9. The mean value of the OP scale at baseline was 63.30 ± 24.43 (severe impairment) and 21.01 ± 20.98 at one year follow-up (mild impairment). Internal consistency was high at baseline (Cronbach’sα0.91). The floor effect was small at baseline and high at one year. The ceiling effect was small at baseline and at one year. Exploratory and conformatory factor analysis showed one factor with a high percent of explained variance. Correlations between OP scale at baseline, SF-36, Cantril Ladder and BMI were statistically significant and in the predicted direction to support validity of the Norwegian OP scale. After one year correlations between the change in OP scale and the change in SF-36 scores, Cantril Ladder and BMI were also statistically significant, except for the change in the Role Physical-scale. The OP scale showed greater responsiveness than either the SF-36 or Cantril Ladder.

Conclusion.These results confirm that the Norwegian version of the OP scale is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring psychosocial functioning in patients with clinically severe obesity.
Fracture‐related wavefield polarization and seismic anisotropy across the Greendale Fault
Authors: Pischiutta M. , Savage M. K. , Holt R. A. , Salvini F.
Published: September 2015

We investigate seismic signatures of fracturing in a newly ruptured strike‐slip fault by determining the wavefield polarization in the New Zealand Canterbury Plains area and across the Greendale Fault, which was responsible for the 3 September 2010 Darfield Mw 7.1 earthquake. Previous studies suggested that fractured rocks in fault damage zones cause directional amplification and ground motion polarization in the fracture‐perpendicular direction as an effect of stiffness anisotropy, and cause velocity anisotropy with shear wave velocity larger in the fracture‐parallel component. An array of 14 stations was installed following the Darfield earthquake. We assess polarization both in the frequency and time domains through the individual‐station horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio and covariance matrix analysis, respectively, and compare the results to previously reported anisotropy measurements from shear wave splitting. Stations installed in the Canterbury Plains have an amplification peak between 0.1 and 0.3 Hz for both earthquakes and ambient noise. We relate the amplification to the resonance of a considerable thickness (c. 1 km) of soft sediments lying over the metamorphic bedrock. Analysis of seismic events revealed the existence of another peak in amplification between 2 and 5 Hz at two on‐fault stations, which was not visible in the noise analysis. In contrast to the lower frequency peak, the ones between 2 and 5 Hz are more strongly anisotropic, attaining amplitudes up to a factor of 4 in the N52° direction. To interpret this effect we model the fracture pattern in the fault damage zone produced by the fault kinematics. We conclude that the horizontal polarization is orthogonal to extensional fractures, which predominate in the shallow layers (<2 km) with an expected strike of N139°. Fracture orientation is consistent with coseismic surface rupture observations, confirming the reliability of the model. S wave splitting is produced by velocity anisotropy in the entire rock volume crossed along the seismic path; thus, it is affected by deeper material than the amplification study. We explain the rotation of S wave fast component observed by Holt et al. (2013) near the fault in terms of the dominant synthetic cleavages at greater depths (>2 km), expected in N101° direction on the basis of the model. Thus, different fracture distribution at different depths may explain different results for amplification compared to anisotropy. We propose polarization amplification analysis as a complementary method to S wave splitting analysis. Polarization analysis is rapidly computed and robust, and it can be applied to either earthquakes or ambient noise recordings, giving useful information about the predominant fracture patterns at various depths.
Experiments of dike‐induced deformation: Insights on the long‐term evolution of divergent plate boundaries
Authors: Trippanera D. , Ruch J. , Acocella V. , Rivalta E.
Published: September 2015

The shallow transport of magma occurs through dikes causing surface deformation. Our understanding of the effects of diking at the surface is limited, especially on the long term, for repeated intrusive episodes. We use analogue models to study the upper crustal deformation induced by dikes. We insert metal plates within cohesive sand with three setups: in setup A, the intrusion rises upward with constant thickness and in setups B and C, the intrusion thickens at a fixed depth, with final rectangular (setup B) or triangular (setup C) shape in section. Setup A creates a doming delimited by reverse faults, with secondary apical graben, without close correspondence in nature. In setups B and C, a depression flanked by two uplifted areas is bordered by inward dipping normal faults propagating downward and, for deeper intrusions in setup B, also by inner faults, reverse at the surface; this deformation is similar to what is observed in nature, suggesting a consistent physical behavior. Dikes in nature initially propagate developing a mode I fracture at the tip, subsequently thickened by magma intrusion, without any host rock translation in the propagation direction (as in setup A). The deformation pattern in setups B and C depends on the intrusion depth and thickness, consistently to what is observed along divergent plate boundaries. The early deformation in setups B and C is similar to that from a single rifting episode (i.e., Lakagigar, Iceland, and Dabbahu, Afar), whereas the late stages resemble the structure of mature rifts (i.e., Krafla, Iceland), confirming diking as a major process in shaping divergent plate boundaries.
First observations of Mercury's plasma mantle by MESSENGER
Authors: DiBraccio Gina A. , Slavin James A. , Raines Jim M. , Gershman Daniel J. , Tracy Patrick J. , Boardsen Scott A. , Zurbuchen Thomas H. , Anderson Brian J. , Korth Haje , McNutt Ralph L. , Solomon Sean C.
Published: September 2015

We present the first observations of Mercury's plasma mantle, a primary region for solar wind entry into the planetary magnetosphere, located in the high‐latitude magnetotail. MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) observations from two orbits on 10 November 2012 have been analyzed. The main plasma mantle features are (1) a steady decrease in proton density as MESSENGER moved deeper into the magnetotail; (2) frequent flux transfer events throughout the magnetosheath and into the magnetotail, suggesting that these events are the primary source for solar wind plasma injection; (3) a diamagnetic depression, due to the presence of plasma, as pressure balance is maintained; and (4) a clear proton velocity dispersion, resulting from lower‐energy protons being transported deep into the magnetosphere as higher‐energy protons escape downtail. From these velocity dispersions we infer cross‐magnetosphere electric potentials of 23 kV and 29 kV, consistent with estimates determined from measurements of magnetopause reconnection rate and tail loading and unloading events.
Organic carbon remobilized from thawing permafrost is resequestered by reactive iron on the Eurasian Arctic Shelf
Authors: Salvadó Joan A. , Tesi Tommaso , Andersson August , Ingri Johan , Dudarev Oleg V. , Semiletov Igor P. , Gustafsson Örjan
Published: September 2015

Given the potential for permafrost carbon (PF/C)‐climate feedbacks in the Siberian‐Arctic land‐ocean system, there is a need for understanding the fate of thawed‐out PF/C. Here we show that the sequestration of OC by reactive iron (OC‐Fe) ranges between 0.5 and 22% on the Eurasian Arctic Shelf, with higher values in the Kara Sea (KS) (18 ± 6%) and the Laptev Sea (LS) (14 ± 4%). The Δ14C/δ13C signatures of the OC‐Fe are substantially older and more terrestrial than the bulk sediment OC in the LS but younger and more dominated by marine plankton sources in the East Siberian Sea (ESS). Statistical source apportionment modeling reveal that reactive iron phases resequestered 15 ± 5% of thawing PF/C in the LS and 6.4 ± 5% in the ESS, derived from both coastal erosion of ice complex deposit and thawing topsoil. This Fe‐associated trap of PF/C constitutes a reduction of the degradation/outgassing and thus also an attenuation of the PF/C‐climate feedback.
Energetic ions in dipolarization events
Authors: Birn J. , Runov A. , Hesse M.
Published: September 2015

We investigate ion acceleration in dipolarization events in the magnetotail, using the electromagnetic fields of an MHD simulation of magnetotail reconnection and flow bursts as basis for test particle tracing. The simulation results are compared with “Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms” observations. We provide quantitative answers to the relative importance of source regions and source energies. Flux decreases at proton energies up to 10–20 keV are found to be due to sources of lobe or plasma sheet boundary layer particles that enter the near tail via reconnection. Flux increases result from both thermal and suprathermal ion sources. Comparable numbers of accelerated protons enter the acceleration region via cross‐tail drift from the dawn flanks of the near‐tail plasma sheet and via reconnection of field lines extending into the more distant tail. We also demonstrate the presence of earthward plasma flow and accelerated suprathermal ions ahead of a dipolarization front. The flow acceleration stems from a net Lorentz force, resulting from reduced pressure gradients within a pressure pile‐up region ahead of the front. Suprathermal precursor ions result from, typically multiple reflections at the front. Low‐energy ions also become accelerated due to inertial drift in the direction of the small precursor electric field.
Strong correlation between quasiperiodic echoes and plasma drift in the E region
Authors: Chen Gang , Jin Han , Huang Xueqin , Zhong Dingkun , Yan Chunxiao , Yang Guotao
Published: September 2015

Simultaneous observations of quasiperiodic (QP) echoes and plasma drift in the ionospheric E region were conducted in Fuke (19.5°N, 109.1°E), Hainan province, China, to investigate the QP striation tilts under varying plasma drift conditions. The E region field‐aligned irregularities (FAIs), observed using the Hainan VHF radar, and the drift velocities of the plasma blobs in the Es layer, recorded by the Hainan Digisonde operating in drift mode, are reported. The QP echoes and drift data recorded during the entire year of 2013 were analyzed and compared. A surprising consistency between the striation tilt of the QP echoes and the drift direction of the plasma blobs was discovered. A negative echo striation of the QP FAIs was recorded when the measured drift direction of the plasma blobs was southward, whereas a positive echo striation was observed during the northward drift. Furthermore, the echo trace was continuous, whereas the QP striation changed from negative to positive, and vice versa. Thus, it can be concluded that the morphology of the QP echoes may be controlled by the background wind fields in the E region. The northward/southward‐drifting striated FAIs in the observation region of a coherent scatter radar might induce the positive/negative QP echo striation in the range‐time‐intensity plots.