bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redaktionelt forord - Demokrati og offentlighed
Authors: Nørgaard Anne Engelst , Peters Rikke Alberg
Published: May 2019

Der er i dag i den vestlige verden en udpræget konsensus om demokratiet som den bedste styreform, ligesom der er en solid tradition for at betragte den offentlige samtale som omdrejningspunktet i den demokratiske proces. Alligevel er der langt fra enighed om, hvordan begreberne demokrati og offentlighed skal fortolkes, endsige hvilke udfordringer nutidens demokratier og offentligheder aktuelt står over for i et nationalt og globalt perspektiv.
Debatterende eller besluttende offentlighed? - Om demokrati, offentlighed og den konstituerende magt hos Carl Schmitt og Hannah Arendt
Authors: Popp-Madsen Benjamin Ask
Published: May 2019

The article investigates Carl Schmitt and Hannah Arendt’s theory of the constituent power. By comparing Schmitt and Arendt’s notions of democracy, the people and the public sphere, the article seeks to establish an alternative to deliberative democracy’s conceptualisation of the relation between democracy and the public sphere. By pointing to the differences between the debating and legitimating public sphere inherent in deliberative democracy on the one hand and the lawgiving and constituting public sphere in the works of Schmitt and Arendt on the other, the article investigates Schmitt’s notion of plebiscitary democracy and Arendt’s idea of a federal republic of councils. These political modes of organizations attempt to overcome the hierarchical relation between representatives and represented and seek to envision the people as able, when gathered together in public, to give laws themselves, and not only play the role as electors or debaters.
Folkhemmets demokrati - En analys av den svenska socialdemokratins språkbruk kring demokratiska deltagandeformer
Authors: Friberg Anna
Published: May 2019

This article investigates the role that civic participation played for the formation of the concept of democracy, by surveying the language of The Swedish Social Democratic Party (SAP) in the 1920s. During the first half of the decade, the SAP outlined various forms of participation for the citizens. Having adopted the traditionally conservative concept of the People’s Home, the party increasingly used it as a metaphor for the fully democratized society. This, however, created a tension between the Social Democrats’ arguments about the importance of civil participation in a democratic society, and the idea of the state building the People’s Home for the citizens. Using theoretical insights from conceptual history as the point of departure, this article addresses this tension by showing that according to the SAP, the fully democratic society could be realized at two levels: both by the state and by the citizens themselves.
Middelalderen mellem myte og fornuft
Authors: Olsen Michel
Published: May 2019

Hvorfor skal vi beskæftige os med Middelalderen i dag? Eller hvordan kan vi gøre det? Hvordan bliver det gjort? Det følgende bliver et lille strejftogt, hvor jeg dels vil antyde nogle Middelal­derreceptioner og grundene til dem, dels vil tage et par vigtige momenter fra perioden op.
Fernand Braudel og historien
Authors: Bouchet Anne , Bouchet Dominique
Published: May 2019

Den 27. november 1985 døde den franske historiker, Fernand Braudel, som af mange verden over regnes for en af de betydeligste historikere nogen sinde. Han var Annales-skolens førende skikkelse.
Mellem to verdener - Krigsrepræsentationer hos Walter Flex, Ernst Jünger og Erich Maria Remarque
Authors: Paulsen Adam
Published: May 2019

This article compares representations of war in Walter Flex’ The Wanderer between Two Worlds (1916), Ernst Jünger’s Storm of Steel (1920), and Erich Maria Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front (1929). It shows the extent to which these representations are shaped by political and ideological convictions. The difference between the romantic idealism of Flex and Jünger’s “soldierly nationalism”,which he proposed as a model for the time to come, reflects a major shift during World War I itself. By contrast, neither past nor future seem to be of any use in Remarque’s famous antiwar novel, in which the war generation surprisingly is described as having nothing else to live for beyond the present, i.e. beyond war. Finally, the article suggests how these different representations of war each, in their own way, contributed to the aesthetics and ideology of fascism.
Skyttegravenes zoner af meningsintensitet - Karl Ove Knausgårds eksistentielle læsning af første verdenskrig
Authors: Elbæk Claus Kloster
Published: May 2019

This article investigates how the Norwegian author Karl Ove Knausgård in My struggle (2009-2011) uses his existential reading of 1914 and World War I to nuance our general understanding of the war. Knausgård wants to demonstrate that the collective enthusiasm, which took millions of men by storm, was existentially motivated. The war was able to give the soldiers a sense of meaning, a project and a community; feelings they needed in their civilian lives. Furthermore, Knausgård uses his reading of World War I to make a connection between the soldier’s fight and his own struggle. On the basis of his existential reading of World War I, Knausgård is able to formulate a literary poetics and existential experience. Therefore, Knausgård is able to actualize World War I.
A Cause Without Rebels? Om emancipationens forsvundne subjekt
Authors: Holm Andreas Beck
Published: May 2019

It was Marx who first formulated what later became known as the idea of the working class as an ‘emancipatory subject’. In his view, the workers alone were able to orchestrate a revolution that would put an end to capitalism. The purpose of this paper is to show that this line of thought is ideological by Marx’s own standards, and that while the working class never constituted the coherent political subject that Marx wanted it to become, its non-existence produced distinct theoretical effects not just in his work, but also (taking Lukács as an example) in the Marxist tradition. After a brief discussion of the different criticisms of the idea of the working class as emancipatory subject put forward by Hardt, Negri, Laclau, and Mouffe, an attempt is made to demonstrate how Althusser’s structural approach is better suited to formulate an alternative to the traditional view. Finally it is argued that this alternative stays within a general Marxist framework.
Demokrati versus repræsentation:
Authors: Eggers Nicolai Von
Published: May 2019

This article investigates the theory of an imperative mandate as presented in the radical French revolutionary Jean-François Varlet’s text Project for a Special and Imperative Mandate from 1792. This text is taken as, and shown to be, representative for a widespread understanding of radical democracy during the French Revolution in which deputies were not understood as ‘representatives’ but as ‘mandataries’ who were legally bound to follow the instructions of their commettants. As an essential part of this radical conception of democracy, social movements were to be constantly mobilized and able to supervise the political system. This entails a shift in the balance of power from the state to the social movements, and as such it expresses a different conception of democracy than that of liberal democracy with its rule of law and state monopoly of violence.
Nu kommer Bonden:
Authors: Nørgaard Anne Engelst
Published: May 2019

This article investigates how a Danish peasant movement, united in the association ‘Bondevennernes Selskab’, became a social movement and therefrom developed into an early version of a parliamentary party. Established in 1846, it was the revolutions of 1848 and following political development in Denmark that triggered the movement’s entrance to parliamentary politics. In this process, the association challenged the bourgeois liberal concept of politics, as the association argued that it would represent one particular class – the peasants – in parliament. The argument of the article is unfolded in an analysis of a conflict between the peasant association and the dominating bourgeois, liberal opinion. As the conflict took place in the daily press, the article investigates both the arguments, the peasant movement had to face in the liberal newspaper Fædrelandet and its replies in the paper Almuevennen. Thereby the article touches upon how the association legitimized its actions as a social, political movement.
Det rådsdemokratiske ideal og protesten som selvorganisering
Authors: Popp-Madsen Benjamin Ask
Published: May 2019

How should we evaluate the global protests against the financial crisis from 2011 and onwards? Do demonstrations on central squares such as Syntagma, Puerta de Sol and Zucotti Park point towards alternative democratic models beyond representative democracy? This article identifies a schism between the protests as events and the protests as self-organisation. Whereas the protests as events remains the dominant interpretation of the protests – delivered with negative connotations by Ivan Krastev and with positive consequences by Slavoj Žizek and Alain Badiou – this article will investigate the protests as self-organisation by emphasizing some of the many examples of autonomous political institution-building and creation of permanent structures of political participation, which have appeared as natural continuations of the protests. I argue that the protests as self-organisation can be seen as re-actualisations of the practices and ideals of council democracy as interpreted by Hannah Arendt and Cornelius Castoriadis. By interpreting the protests through the prism of council democracy, I argue that the manifold political and societal initiatives that have appeared in the wake of these protests attempt to realise a specific notion of democratic autonomy and political freedom.
Sårbarhedens overvindelse og styrkens fascination:
Authors: Sørensen Anders Dræby
Published: May 2019

The first part of the article demonstrates how the concept of mental resilience has developed from the 1970s to the 2010s, spreading from the field of developmental psychopathology to a wide range of psychological and psychotherapeutic disciplines. Today, there are many varied definitions of mental resilience, ranging from a relation to the concept of mental vulnerability to a related concept of mental strength. The second part of the article demonstrates how the current popularisation of the idea of individual resilience is associated with a social and cultural problematisation of the vulnerable life as well as with a psychopolitical and governmental focus on enhancing the mental capacity of citizens.
Psykens struktur
Authors: Skogemann Pia
Published: May 2019

Et grundlæggende træk ved Jungs analytiske psykologi er, at den opfatter psyken som led i en ikke bare individuel udvik­lingsproces, men også en artsbestemt.
Den oplyste tøven
Authors: Dehs Jørgen
Published: May 2019

Den kortest mulige formulering af den bærende spekulative inte­resse i Kritik der Urteilskraft står udtrykt således: ".. . fornuf­ten er interesseret i, at ideerne også har objektiv realitet"
Dømmekraften og det sublime
Authors: Ehlers Anton
Published: May 2019

Skal man tro forord og indledninger til Kants Kritik der Urteils­kraft ( KU), er kritikken af dømmekraften den systematiske afslut­ning på hele den kritiske filosofi.
Tekstens tab
Authors: Rasmussen René
Published: May 2019

I sidste nummer af Slagmark (nr. 8, 1987), som er viet til en debat om forholdet mellem Freud og Jung, behandles også tekstanalyse i en psykoanalytisk sammenhæng, men der glides måske lidt let hen over forskellen mellem psykoanalyse og tekstanalyse.
Análisis bibliométrico a través de indicadores de calidad metodológica de las revistas españolas de educación indizadas en JCR durante el trienio 2014-2016
Authors: Rodríguez-Sabiote Clemente , Úbeda-Sánchez Álvaro Manuel
Published: May 2019

Este estudio pretende realizar una evaluación bibliométrica a través de indicadores de calidad metodológica de la producción científica publicada durante el trienio de 2014 a 2016 en las siete revistas españolas de educación indexadas en el Journal Citation Reports (JCR): Revista de Psicodidáctica; Comunicar; Revista de Educación; Educación XX1; Enseñanza de las Ciencias; Revista Española de Pedagogía; y Porta Linguarum. A través de una metodología bibliométrica-descriptiva se analiza cuantitativamente una muestra de artículos que asciende a 479 y seleccionados a través de un muestreo no probabilístico de tipo deliberado. Globalmente, los resultados obtenidos apuntan a que las revistas evaluadas han logrado niveles de cumplimiento de los indicadores metodológicos propuestos bastante altos que manifiestan la excelente calidad metodológica que atesoran dichas publicaciones, aunque mejor en unas revistas que en otras y sin menoscabo para que también se hayan detectado indicadores metodológicos mejorables. Dichos indicadores están relacionados, sobre todo, con la no explicitación de las tipologías de abordaje metodológico, del muestreo utilizado, así como de los criterios de calidad cuantitativos (fiabilidad y validez) y de naturaleza cualitativa. Finalmente, destacar que hay evidencias empíricas que apoyan que cuanto mejor considerada es una revista en JCR también es acreedora de una mejor calidad metodológica.
Perfiles de segregación escolar por nivel socioeconómico en España y sus Comunidades Autónomas
Authors: Murillo F. Javier , Martínez-Garrido Cynthia
Published: May 2019

Las investigaciones que estiman la magnitud de la segregación escolar por nivel socioeconómico realizadas hasta el momento ofrecen una imagen excesivamente simplista que no es capaz de reflejar la realidad altamente compleja del fenómeno. Este trabajo presenta un enfoque alternativo de análisis e interpretación de la segregación escolar. Concretamente, busca determinar el perfil de segregación escolar por nivel socioeconómico de España y sus Comunidades Autónomas, y establecer modelos de segregación de las Comunidades. Para ello, se realiza una explotación especial de los datos de PISA 2015. Como variable criterio se utiliza el nivel socioeconómico y cultural de las familias (NSEC). El análisis de los datos se realiza en dos fases: de un lado, se estima el índice de Gorard utilizando 19 puntos de corte, de otro, se identifican modelos de segregación y sus características utilizando el análisis por conglomerados y de k-medias. Los resultados encontrados muestran la existencia de 17 perfiles diferentes de segregación escolar por nivel socioeconómico, uno para cada una de las Comunidades Autónomas estudiadas, e identifican cinco modelos de comportamiento de la segregación escolar por nivel socioeconómico en España. Esta investigación demuestra lo poco que se sabe sobre la segregación escolar en España y presenta una alternativa más precisa para estimar la magnitud de la segregación escolar por nivel socioeconómico considerándola, no como un punto, sino como un perfil.
Relational Satisfaction of Spousal/Partner Informal Caregivers of People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Tzitzika Moira , Lampridis Efthymios , Kalamaras Dimitris
Published: May 2019

Background:

Relational satisfaction of spousal/partner informal caregivers of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is important for continued care and support. Previous studies have examined relational satisfaction in terms of well-being and quality of life of informal caregivers. Based on the Rusbult investment model, we directly studied the relational satisfaction of spousal/partner informal caregivers of individuals with MS. In doing so, we investigated possible effects that commitment to relationship, caregiving burden, and prorelational behavioral tendencies might have on relational satisfaction.

Methods:

Nine hundred nine adult spousal/partner informal caregivers of people with MS completed measures of relational satisfaction (Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale), commitment to relationship (15-item commitment measure), caregiving burden (Zarit Burden Interview), and prorelational behavioral tendencies (adapted Prosocial Tendencies Measure). Participants also provided demographic information (age, sex, duration and type of relationship [spouse, partner]).

Results:

Structural equation modeling highlighted commitment to the relationship as the strongest predictor of relational satisfaction. Caregiving burden was found to affect relational satisfaction directly and through commitment to relationship. Prorelational behavioral tendencies were found to affect less relational satisfaction.

Conclusions:

Commitment to relationship, namely, intent to persist, had the highest positive effect on satisfaction. Caregiving burden was found to have a two-way negative relationship to commitment to relationship. These findings suggest that specialists should enhance the intent-to-persist aspect of commitment because it seems to have an alleviating effect regarding caregiving burden (which itself negatively affects relational satisfaction).
ЈЕДАН БРИТАНСКИ ПУТОПИСАЦ О ПОХОДУ ОМЕР-ПАШЕ ЛАТАСА У ХЕРЦЕГОВИНИ 1861. ГОДИНЕ
Authors: СУБИЋ РАДОВАН
Published: May 2019

У раду се анализира слика похода Омер-паше Латаса у Хер-цеговини 1861. године, коју је путописац Џорџ Арбатнот дао у свом дјелу Her-zegovina, or Omer Pacha and the Christian Rebels with a Brief Account of Servia, its Social, Political and Financial Conditions, London 1862.
TIPSKI PROJEKTI SRPSKOPRAVOSLAVNIH CRKAVA U VRIJEME AUSTROUGARSKE UPRAVE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI
Authors: BOŽIĆ JELENA
Published: May 2019

Nakon perioda turske uprave, s nizom ograničenja vezanih za izgradnju crkava, realna potreba u novom periodu austrougarske uprave bila je izgradnja velikog broja srpskopravoslavnih crkava. To je tražilo značajna finansijska sredstva, koja osiromašena Srpska pravoslavna crkva i njen narod u Bosni Hercego-vini nisu imali. Austrougarska vlast je pomagala izgradnju sakralnih objekata svih vjerskih zajednica u zemlji, ali je to zbog stanja državnih finansija i prioritetnije izgradnje bilo nedovoljno. Kako bi se uštedjelo na izdacima, u Građevinskom odje-ljenju Zemaljske vlade su rađeni tipski projekti crkava, čija je analiza predmet ovoga rada. Primijenjeni arhitektonski koncept i stilski vokabular potvrđuje politiku Monar-hije i nastojanje vlade da podrži težnju pravoslavnih Srba za izražavanjem vjerskih osobenosti stilskim diferenciranjem svojih sakralnih objekata.
ПРЕЗИМЕНА У СЕЛИМА КРЊА ЈЕЛА И СМОЉАНА ПРЕМА ПОПИСУ СВЕШТЕНИКА ПЕТРА РАЂЕНОВИЋА И ДАНАС
Authors: БРАНКОВИЋ БОШКО
Published: May 2019

Аутор је у тексту извршио упоредну анализу презимена пра-вославног становништва насељеног у селима Крња Јела и Смољана која је у својим истраживањима забиљежио свештеник Петар Рађеновић и презимена која су присутна 2017. године, као и број кућа. Такође, аутор је упоредио број становника у овим селима 1923, 1925. и 2017. године.
OВЧАРСТВО МАЂАРСКЕ И КРАЉЕВИНЕ СХС/ЈУГОСЛАВИЈЕ ИЗМЕЂУ ДВА СВЈЕТСКА РАТА
Authors: САВАНОВИЋ ЖЕЉКО
Published: May 2019

У раду се, на основу необјављене архивске грађе, статистич-ких годишњака, штампе, стране и домаће литературе, говори о овчарству, раса-ма и сојевима оваца у Мађарској и Краљевини Срба, Хрвата и Словенаца/Југо-славији између два свјетска рата. У поједини годинама се упоређује број оваца на 100 становника, укупан број стоке и појединих сточних врста и заступље-ност сваке сточне врсте у процентима. Укупан број оваца, број на 100 станов-ника и број на км² упоређен је у Мађарској, Југославији, Аустрији, Бугарској, Чехословачкој, Грчкој, Италији и Румунији.
SPISKOVI UČENIK/CA TREBINJSKIH OSNOVNIH ŠKOLA IZ 1930. GODINE
Authors: VUKOTIĆ VUKOTA
Published: May 2019

Prosvjetne prilike u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji bile su na dosta niskom nivou u odnosu na evropski prosjek. Ipak, vlasti su ulagale velike napore da pobolj-šaju i uniformišu obrazovni sistem u zemlji. Ovaj rad je pokušaj da se predstavi jedan pokušaj dodatnog stipendiranja učenika od strane vlasti Zetske banovine, kroz inici-jativu Crnogorske banke. Za ovu priliku od raspoloživog arhivskog materijala izdvo-jili smo spiskove učenik/ca osnovnih škola iz Trebinjskog sreza.
Мира Радојевић, Љубодраг Димић, Србија у Великом рату 1914–1918, кратка историја, Српска књижевна задруга – Београдски форум за свет равноправних, Београд 2014, стр. 300
Authors: ВУЈЧИЋ БОЈАН
Published: May 2019

Мира Радојевић је ванредни професор на Одјељењу за историју Фило-зофског факултета у Београду. Бави се истраживањима у области политичке и друштвене историје Србије и Југославије у првој половини XX вијека, с фоку-сом на југословенску идеју, дјеловање грађанских политичких странака, срп-ско-хрватске односе, те посљератну југословенску емиграцију. Објавила је дви-је монографије: Удружена опозиција (1935–1939) и Научник и политика.поли-тичка биографија Божидара В.Марковића (1874–1946).
Andrej Rodinis, Povratak povelje kralja Dabiše. Izvršenje arhivskih sporazuma i restitucija građe, Društvo za proučavanje srednjovjekovne bosanske historije i] Filozofski fakultet u Sarajevu, Sarajevo 2014, str. 167
Authors: VRŽINA DUŠAN
Published: May 2019

U knjizi ''Povratak povelje kralja Dabiše. Izvršenje arhivskih sporazuma i restitucija građe'' istaknuti bosanskohercegovački arhivista dr Andrej Rodinis nas upoznaje sa procesom njenog povratka u Bosnu i Hercegovinu odnosno u Arhiv Bosne i Hercegovine. Povelja kralja Stjepana Dabiše kćerki Stani od 26. aprila 1395. jedina je originalna povelja srednjovjekovnih bosanskih vladara u posjedu neke od naših arhivskih ustanova.
СВЈЕДОЧАНСТВО О СТРАДАЊУ СРПСКЕ ПРАВОСЛАВНЕ ЦРКВЕ У БОСНИ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНИ У ПРВОМ СВЈЕТСКОМ РАТУ
Authors: БРАНКОВИЋ БОШКО
Published: May 2019

У издању Андрићевог института из Вишеграда 2016. године објављена је књига Српска православна црква и свештенство у Босни и Херцеговини у Првом свјетском рату аутора др Боривоја Милошевића, доцента на Филозоф-ском факултету Универзитета у Бањој Луци.Др Боривоје Милошевић научној јавности познат је као марљив истра-живач прошлости Српске православне цркве у Босни и Херцеговини у 19. и почетком 20. вијека и један од ријетких историчара млађе генерације из Репу-блике Српске који се посветио темељном изучавању историје Босне и Херцего-вине у Првом свјетском рату. Као резултат вишегодишњег проучавања и саби-рања грађе изашла је наведена монографија. Монографија је подијељена у осам поглавља, уз Предговор и Закључак.
Бојан Стојнић, Верица М. Стошић, Бањалучки љекари у Краљевини Југославији, Удружење архивских радника Републике Српске и Архив Републике Српске, Бањалука 2017, стр. 127
Authors: ЕЋИМОВИЋ ЉУБИЦА
Published: May 2019

У издању Удружења архивских радника Републике Српске и Архива Републике Српске изашла је у априлу ове године књига Бањалучки љекари у Краљевини Југославији, чији су аутори мр Бојан Стојнић, директор Архива Републике Српске, и Верица М. Стошић, помоћница директора.Аутори се од раније баве историјом здравства Босанске Крајине до 1941. и ово није њихов први наслов из ове области (Љекарска комора Врбаске бано-вине 1929–1941, Бањалука 2012, Завод за физикалну медицину и рехабилитаци-ју ''Др Мирослав Зотовић'' Бањалука. Сто година прве ортопедије у Бањалуџи (1905–2015), Бањалука 2015).
Ustaški stožer za Bosansku Krajinu. Studija Milana Vukmanovića i izbor iz građe, priredili: Verica M. Stošić i Vladan Vukliš, Udruženje arhivskih radnika Republike Srpske i Arhiv Republike Srpske, Banjaluka 2017, 363 str.
Authors: MILOŠEVIĆ BORIVOJE
Published: May 2019

U ranu zoru 20. februara 1947, na mjestu današnjeg banjalučkog naselja Borik, izvršena je smrtna presuda nad trojicom ustaških glavešina: Viktorom Guti-ćem, Feliksom Neđelskim i Nikolom Bilogrivićem. Pogubljenje trojice ratnih zloči-naca predstavlja epilog izvjesno najmračnijeg perioda u novijoj istoriji Banjaluke i Bosanske Krajine. Po izvršenju kazne, jedan od prisutnih oficira je izjavio: ''Gutić je iz tame izašao, u tamu je i vraćen''. Verica M. Stošić i Vladan Vukliš sasvim oprav-dano su upravo ovu rečenicu iskoristili kao naslov uvodnog poglavlja studije Ustaški stožer za Bosansku Krajinu. Studija Milana Vukmanovića i izbor iz građe. Knjiga je objavljena 2017. u izdanju Arhiva Republike Srpske i Udruženja arhivskih radnika Republike Srpske, a sastoji se iz više segmenata koji predstavljaju dobro osmišljenu i zaokruženu cjelinu.
Possibility of understanding metabolic syndrome by probing dysregulation of metabolic and signaling network in bacteria
Authors: Ng Wenfa
Published: May 2019

High fat diet and high glucose intake are commonly associated with incidence of metabolic syndrome that includes high cholesterol and diabetes. But how the two factors interplay in mediating diabetes remain poorly understood. While animal models could be used to probe the above hypothesized interplay between high fat diet and high glucose intake in mediating diabetes incidence, complex genetic background of the mammalian system seriously hamper the deciphering of the interconnection between phenotype and genes through analysis of functional genomic and epidemiological data. Furthermore, given the high conservation of central carbon metabolism across species between the three domains of life, what are analogs of the effects of high fat and high sugar diets in prokaryotic systems and what metabolic syndromes do they manifest? This work sought to trace the evolutionary ancestry of diabetes and high cholesterol syndrome as manifested in mammalian cells in prokaryotic systems. Using Escherichia coli as model organism, this work would heterologously express genes and pathways involved in mammalian fat metabolism in E. coli to help understand how a combined high fat and high glucose diet would interact in mediating prokaryotic version of diabetes and high cholesterol syndrome. Insights such as what are the genes differentially expressed during metabolization of high sugar and high fat diet by bacterial cells would hopefully inform the search for mammalian genes that predispose to metabolic syndrome by illuminating hitherto unknown genes and pathways implicated in the disease. But, what is perhaps more interesting from a fundamental perspective in this work is the search for suitable metabolic networks in which to study the prokaryotic version of diabetes and high cholesterol. Could it be overflow metabolism induced by high glucose uptake by E. coli? Or could activation of an enhanced lipid recycling pathway serve as a response to high fat infusion in bacteria? More importantly, could the manifested effects of high fat and high sugar diet be vertically inherited in bacteria similar to the incurable high cholesterol and diabetes in mammalian systems? Specifically, does manifestation of diabetes in bacteria results from epigenetic changes that mistune metabolic pathway and networks in an inheritable fashion? Finally, experiments with different types of substrates could be employed to examine the relative impact of high fat diet and high glucose intake on the extent in which central carbon metabolism in E. coli would be disturbed. Collectively, heterologous expression of mammalian genes involved in fat metabolism in E. coli opens a path to the exploration of prokaryotic version of high cholesterol and diabetes. But, what is perhaps more intriguing is tracing the evolutionary pathway that connects dysregulated sugar and fat metabolism in bacteria to their homologous clinical manifestations in mammalian systems.
Phylogeography ofDictyota fasciolaandDictyota mediterranea(Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae): unexpected patterns on the Atlantic-Mediterranean marine transition and taxonomic implications
Authors: Vitales Daniel , Aragay Joana , Garnatje Teresa , Gómez Garreta Amelia , Rull Lluch Jordi
Published: May 2019

The Atlantic-Mediterranean marine transition is a fascinating biogeographic region, but still very poorly studied from the point of view of seaweed phylogeography.Dictyota fasciolaandD. mediterranea(Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) are two currently recognized sister species that share a large part of their distribution along the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, representing a unique study model to understand the diversification processes experienced by macroalgae during and after Messinian at this marine region. In this study, we sampled 102 individuals ofD. fasciolaandD. mediterraneafrom 32 localities along their distribution range and sequenced the mitochondrialcox1 and the chloroplastrbcL-rbcS DNA regions for all the samples. Our data do not support the occurrence of two sister species but a morphologically variable and highly genetic diverse species or a complex of species. Most of the observed genetic diversity corresponds to the Mediterranean populations, whereas the Atlantic ones are much more homogeneous. The early-diverged lineages inferred from both mtDNA and cpDNA phylogenetic reconstructions were constituted by samples from the Mediterranean Sea. Together, these results suggest that the Mediterranean Sea acted as a refugium for theD. fasciola–D. mediterranealineage during the geologic and climatic changes occurred on the region since the Miocene, subsequently dispersing to the Atlantic Ocean.
Evaluation of Yield and Yield Attributes in Various Rice Genotypes under Different Nitrogen Levels
Authors: Sivasabari K. , Jothimani S.
Published: May 2019

The experiment was conducted during 2017, Pishanam season at Rice Research Station, Ambasamudram with the objective to screen the efficient and responsive rice genotypes based on nitrogen use efficiency and yield and yield attributes of different genotypes by N levels with 32 rice genotypes as main plot treatments and four nitrogen levels N0 (control), N1 (50% recommended dose of N ha-1), N2 (100% recommended dose of N ha-1) and N3 (150% recommended dose of N ha-1) as subplot treatments. The experimental results showed that, the highest grain and straw yields were recorded at N3 (180 kg ha-1) by the most of the rice genotypes, except the AS 12051, ACK 14004, CB08702, CB 13539 and PM 12009 which were not responded genotypes for higher dose of (180 kg ha-1) nitrogen. In the genotypes ASD 16, ADT 43, ADT 45, CO 51, MDU 5, CB 14508, CB 14533, TR 0927, TR 13069 and TM 12061 the AE was increasing with increasing level of nitrogen, other genotypes showed decreasing trend with increasing level of nitrogen levels. The genotypes viz., ASD16, ADT39, ADT45, TPS 5, AD09206, CB06803, ACK14001, TM10085, TM12007, PM12009 and EC725224 are under Efficient and responsive (ER) category which gives average yield at low level and high N use efficiency. The plant height, productive tillers, total grains, harvest index, panicle length and 1000 grain weights given verified results among the genotypes due to genetic characters. Among the N levels the plant height, panicle length, productive tillers per hill and total grains showed highest in 180 kg N ha-1. 1000 grain weight increased at low level of 50% of RDN (21.0) and decreased to 20.8 in N2 and N3 treatments which indicated higher doses of N. N harvest index were decreased with increasing level of N application from 0.70 (N0), 0.65(N1), 0.64 (N2) and 0.63 (N3).
Mathematical Modeling of Typhoid Fever Disease Incorporating Unprotected Humans in the Spread Dynamics
Authors: Karunditu Julia Wanjiku , Kimathi George , Osman Shaibu
Published: May 2019

A deterministic mathematical model of typhoid fever incorporating unprotected humans is formulated in this study and employed to study local and global stability of equilibrium points. The model incorporating Susceptible, unprotected, Infectious and Recovered humans which are analyzed mathematically and also result into a system of ordinary differential equations which are used for interpretations and comparison to the qualitative solutions in studying the spread dynamics of typhoid fever. Jacobian matrix was considered in the study of local stability of disease free equilibrium point and Castillo-Chavez approach used to determine global stability of disease free equilibrium point. Lyapunov function was used to study global stability of endemic equilibrium point. Both equilibrium points (DFE and EE) were found to be local and globally asymptotically stable. This means that the disease will be dependent on numbers of unprotected humans and other factors who contributes positively to the transmission dynamics.
Geometrical Optics
Authors: Erricolo Danilo
Published: November 2024

A tutorial overview of geometric optics is given. The article begins with a historical introduction, followed by a review of the basic principles of geometric optics, and then the following topics are discussed: (1) paraxial approximation and ray matrix optics, (2) third‐order aberrations, (3) relationships between geometric optics and antenna theory, and (4) extensions to geometric optics.
Microstrip Antennas, Compact
Authors: Wong Kin-Lu
Published: November 2024

Great advances in the design of compact microstrip antennas have been reported recently. Many promising compact microstrip antenna designs with broadband, dual‐frequency, dual‐polarized, circularly polarized, and gain‐enhanced operations have been demonstrated. These related designs are presented and discussed in this article.
Multibeam Antennas
Authors: Balling Peter
Published: November 2024

The article introduces multibeam antennas by reviewing a number of applications describing their importance for modern radar and communications systems. Simple aperture distributions and antenna sizing formulas for beamwidth and gain rolloff are discussed, and examples are provided on the implementation of both active and passive multibeam antennas using different beamforming technologies.

The problem of forming simultaneous multiple beams from a common aperture is investigated considering the Stein limits for passive antennas. The implementation of optimum beamforming networks is discussed. Both array antennas and array‐fed reflector antennas, including dual‐ and multimode antenna systems, are reviewed.

The design of multibeam reflector antenna systems is considered in detail. Scan aberrations and cross‐polarization effects of the signal‐offset reflector are quantified, describing means to improve the antenna performance. The potential of compensated dual‐offset reflectors, including front‐fed and side‐fed offset Cassegrain antennas for large scan angles, is demonstrated.
Television Antennas
Authors: Kawakami Haruo
Published: November 2024

In this article, various types of modified batwing antennas are analyzed theoretically with the aid of the moment method. Results are compared with measurements to examine detailed performance of antenna elements, demonstrating the accuracy of the analytic method.
Superconducting Microwave Technology
Authors: Choudhury Durga P. , Sridhar S.
Published: November 2024

Superconductivity is a remarkable state of matter in which electric current can flow inside materials without any detectable resistance. In a superconductor, perfect electric conductivity or zero resistivity occurs only below a “critical temperature”TC. A direct current induced in a superconducting ring has been shown to persist for over 2 years without any measurable decay. Another important characteristic of superconductors was the discovery by W. Meissner and R. Ochsenfeld in 1933 that a superconductor expels all magnetic flux from its interior; that is, a superconductor is also a perfect diamagnet. A key area of technological applications of superconductors is in high‐frequency devices, particularly at frequencies in the radiowave, microwave, and millimeterwave spectral ranges.
Antennas for Medium‐Frequency Broadcasting
Authors: Rackley Ronald , Folkert Matthew
Published: November 2024

Since the 1940s, there has not been significant development in the area of the antenna element itself as selfsupporting and guyed radiating towers continue to be used much as they were at that time.

New developments have principally involved auxiliary equipment used to test and monitor the antenna system and the means by which the antenna is theoretically analyzed. Digital antenna monitors are used today to accurately monitor the relative current magnitudes and phase relationships of the towers in a directional array while portable solid‐state field strength meters are used to measure radiation patterns. Advances have also been made with improved RF current meters, sampling transformers, and impedance measuring equipment. The design of medium‐frequency broadcast antennas for optimized performance has also seen tremendous advances with the introduction of numerical solutions to electromagnetic problems and nodal modeling of feeder systems made economically possible with personal computers vastly simplifying both design and implementation.
Integrated Circuits
Authors: Ranganathan N. , Venkataramana Raju D.
Published: November 2024

The field of integrated circuits is broad. The inert substrate processes, further divided as thin and thick film processes, yield devices with good resistive and temperature characteristics. However, they are used mostly in low‐volume circuits and in hybrid ICs. The two most popular active substrate materials are silicon and gallium arsenide (GaAs). The silicon processes can be separated into two classes: MOS (the basic device is a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) and bipolar (the basic device is bipolar junction transistors).

The transistor–transistor logic (TTL) family of circuits constitutes the most popular type of bipolar and is still used in many high‐volume applications. The emitter‐coupled logic (ECL) devices are used for high‐speed parts that form the critical path delay of the circuit. The MOS family of processes consists of PMOS, NMOS, CMOS, and BiCMOS.
Nonlinear Circuit Design
Authors: Suárez Almudena
Published: November 2024

In this contribution, nonlinear synthesis techniques for microwave circuits are presented. Emphasis is made on their principles, implementation, and applications. Four main types of nonlinear circuit are considered: frequency mixers, oscillators, frequency dividers and frequency multipliers. The operation principles and their main characteristics are introduced, together with the most useful synthesis techniques. Approximate analytic techniques like Volterrra series and the describing funciton are presented, as well as design tools, based on harmonic balance, such as the auxiliary generator, for oscillator and frequency multipliers. Analyses of noise and stability are also carried out. The techniques are illustrated by means of simple but practical FET‐based circuits.
Cellular Radio
Authors: Lee William C.Y.
Published: November 2024

The cellular radio system is sometimes called a mobile phone system or a car phone system. Due to the daily needs of subscribers, cellular systems have expanded considerably all over the world. This article discusses the history of cellular systems and the difficulty of deploying them in the mobile radio environment, elaborating on employing digital cellular systems, Personal Communication Services (PCS) mobile satellite systems, and the future IMT‐2000 system.
Mobile Radio Channels
Authors: Vaughan Rodney G.
Published: November 2024

In this article we describe the properties of a communications channel when one or both of the radio terminals is moving. Examples of such channels occur with vehicular terminals and cell phones. However, some properties of these channels also occur in links where some form of multipath occurs, such as point‐to‐point links, where there is also a ground bounce path; long‐range point‐to‐point links with atmospheric refractive paths; and non‐line‐of‐sight links, which rely on radiowave scattering for the propagation paths. The changing phase mix of the multipath causes signal fading and propagation paths. The changing phase mix of the multipath causes signal fading and Doppler shifts in the channel, and these conspire to degrade the quality and capacity of both analog and digital communications. The physical link characteristics and their effects on a digital link are described using tractible mathematical and statistical models.
RF/Wireless Packaging
Authors: Pinel Stephane , Tentzeris Manos , Staicnlescu Daniela , Laskar Joy
Published: November 2024

The electronics packaging industry has proliferated to a point where its technology is at least equally—the semiconductor technology it is designed to serve. The increase in silicon complexity and integration has imposed demanding requirements on packaging technology for higher I/O counts, finer lead pitch, enhanced heat dissipation, and high‐speed, reliable interconnects. At the same time, the industry is also driving toward reduced printed‐circuit‐board area and complexity. From the traditional role of a protective mechanical enclosure, the modern package has been transformed into a sophisticated thermal and electrical management platform.

Recent advances in high‐frequency packaging indicate a migration from wirebond (where the chip or die is interconnected to the package only on the periphery of the die) to flip‐chip (where the die is interconnected to the package using the entire die area); and from ceramic to organic packages, with cartridge and multichip technologies emerging as key form factors.

The RF front‐end module is the core of the complex systems, and its integration poses a great challenge. Considering the characteristics of the RF modules, such as high performance up to 100 GHz; a large number of high‐performance discrete passive components, design flexibility, reconfigurable architecture, low power consumption, compactness, customized product, short time to market, and low cost, the system‐on package (SoP ) approach has emerged as the most effective means to provide a realistic integration solution as opposed to the system‐on‐chip (SoC ) solution. The strength of SoP is based on multilayer technololgy using low‐cost and high‐performance materials.
Fast Fourier Transforms and Nufft
Authors: Liu Qing Huo
Published: November 2024

The fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm is one of most fundamental and powerful computational tools in computational science and engineering. In this article, the development of the fast Fourier transform algorithm is reviewed, some representative applications in electromagnetics are illustrated, and some recent developments in extending the FFT algorithms to nonuniformly sampled data and to discontinuous functions are summarized.
Wavelets
Authors: Tran Boj N. , Nguyen Tien M. , Shihabi Mazen M.
Published: November 2024

Wavelets have been found to be useful in many scientific and engineering applications, including signal processing, communication, video and image compression, medical imaging, and scientific visualization. The concept of wavelets can be viewed as a synthesis of ideas that originated during the last several decades in engineering, physics, and pure mathematics. The goal of this article is to develop a basic understanding of wavelets, their origin, and their relation to scaling functions, using the theory of multiresolution analysis.
Indium Phosphide (InP)
Authors: Wada Osamu
Published: November 2024

Indium phosphide (InP) and InP‐based compound semiconductors grown on InP substrates are extremely important for the application to high‐speed, microwave, and optoelectronic devices. In the following, general properties of InP‐based materials and heterostructures are described first, and state‐of‐the‐art device and integrated circuit technologies for both electronic and optical systems are reviewed. High‐speed digital and microwave transistors such as high‐electron‐mobility transistors (HEMTs), heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs), and their integrated circuits have been developed for digital signal processing, including optical communications with the bit rate of 40–100 Gbps. Microwave devices for system applications in the frequency range up to 200 GHz are introduced. Long‐wavelength lasers and photodetectors, which are key in current optical communication networks, would have not become real without InP‐based compound materials covering the appropriate energy gap. Optoelectronic devices, including lasers, optical modulators, photodetectors, and their optoelectronic and photonic integrated circuits (OEICs and PICs) developed for bit rates up to 40 Gbps, are reviewed. Also, all‐optical devices being developed for the application to systems beyond 100 Gbps are described, which includes mode‐locked lasers and ultrafast all‐optical optical switches based on unique ultrafast properties of InP‐based materials.
Traveling‐Wave Tubes
Authors: Kory Carol L.
Published: November 2024

The traveling‐wave tube (TWT) is a vacuum device invented in the early 1940s [1,2] used for amplification at microwave frequencies. Amplification is attained by surrendering kinetic energy from an electron beam to a radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic wave. The demand for vacuum devices has been decreasing largely owing to the advent of solid‐state devices. However, although solid state devices have replaced vacuum devices in many areas, there are still many applications such as radar, electronic countermeasures, and satellite communications that require operating characteristics such as high power (watts to megawatts), high frequency (below 1GHz to over 100 GHz), high efficiency (65% efficient, 100 Watt, Kaband TWTs are commonplace), and large bandwidth that only vacuum devices can provide.

The term traveling‐wave tube includes both fast‐wave and slow‐wave devices. This article will concentrate on slow‐wave devices as the vast majority of TWTs in operation around the world fall into thiscategory.
Electromagnetic Inverse Problems
Authors: Qing Anyong , Gan Yeow Beng
Published: November 2024

Electromagnetic inverse problems are discussed in this article. First, these problems are defined; then the mathematical challenges involved and some future research directions in this topic are discussed. A survey on the state of the art in electromagnetic inverse problems is presented next. The survey includes a brief history of the research on electromagnetic inverse problems, an overview of practical application areas, and a brief summary of the fundamental theories involved in the electromagnetic inverse problems and the inversion algorithms developed. The survey also covers the well‐known real dataset and the tested inversion algorithms. Finally, a standard electromagnetic inverse problem—the reconstruction of multiple perfectly conducting cylinders—is presented to demonstrate clearly the aspects of the electromagnetic inverse problems.
Ground Penetrating Radar
Authors: Daniels David J.
Published: November 2024

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a nondestructive measurement technique, which uses electromagnetic waves to locate targets or interfaces buried within a visually opaque substance or Earth material. GPR is also termedground probing,surface penetrating(SPR), or subsurface radar. A GPR transmits a regular sequence of low‐power packets of electromagnetic energy into the material or ground, and receives and detects the weak reflected signal from the buried target. The buried target can be a conductor, a dielectric, or combinations of both. There are now a number of commercially available equipments, and the technique is gradually developing in scope and capability. GPR has also been used successfully to provide forensic information in the course of criminal investigations, detect buried mines, survey roads, detect utilities, measure geophysical strata, and in other applications.
Radar Equipment
Authors: Ressler Marc , Bennett Matthew , Ton Tuan , Nguyen Lam
Published: November 2024

In recent years, the improvements in solid‐state devices and the explosive growth in the capabilities of digital circuits and digital processors have provided new approaches to radar designs. Analog circuits, which tend to be smaller and have lower power consumption, are being replaced with digital circuits, which are more stable in the presence of varying temperature, vibration, and power supply voltages, while providing flexibility often unavailable in the analog domain.
UHF receivers
Authors: Bostlan Charles W. , Sweeney Dennis G.
Published: November 2024

An ultra‐high frequency (UHF) receiver receives radio signals with input frequencies between 300 MHz and 3000 MHz. Radio waves in this part of the spectrum usually follow line‐of‐sight paths and penetrate buildings well. The natural radio environment is significantly quieter at UHF than at lower frequencies, making receiver noise performance more important.