bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Waste plastic oil as an alternative fuel: A review
Authors: Amardeep  , Kumarb Rakesh , Kumarc Naveen
Published: May 2024

Today, with the high population density of the world, the energy demand is increasing continuously. Global dependency on fossil fuels is very strong and there is a compelling need to reduce our energy consumption in order to offset greenhouse gas emissions. Due to regularly increasing prices of fossil fuels alternative fuels are needed to fulfill the requirements of developing countries like India. Plastics in today's world have become crucial. They are excessively used in industry, as well as in households and other fields due to their lightweight, durability, and design flexibility. Plastic demand is growing day by day, which now poses a huge environmental threat. The current study summarizes the use of WPO (waste plastic oil) in the diesel engine and also concludes the combustion, performance, and emission parameters. After an exhaustive literature search, some interesting results have been found. The study reveals that when using WPO as an alternative source in a diesel engine, the combustion, performance, and emissions are similar to those using conventional diesel fuel. An enhanced BTE (brake thermal efficiency) and reduced emissions of unburned hydrocarbons (UBHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) are reported.
Experimental investigations of CI engine performance using ternary blends of n-butanol/biodiesel/diesel and n-octanol/biodiesel/diesel
Authors: Singha Ashish Kumar , Palia Harveer Singh , Mohsin Khana Mohammad
Published: May 2024

This study explored the ternary blends of biodiesel-diesel-n-butanol and biodiesel-diesel-n-octanol on common rail direct injec-tion (CRDI) diesel engines. The compositions of fuels, which varied from 0% to 100%, were altered by up to 5%. On the basis of their properties, these blends were chosen, with various concentrations of alcohol at 5% and 10%, 5% diesel, and the remainder being biodiesel. Two ternary fuel blends of waste cooking oil biodiesel (90–85%), diesel (5%), and butanol (5–10%), namely BD90D5B5 and BD85D5B10, and subsequently, another two ternary similar blends of waste cooking oil biodiesel (90–85%), diesel (5%), and octanol (5–10%), namely BD90D5O5 and BD85D5O10, were used to conduct the experiments. The experiments were done with varying injection pressure from 17° to 29° crank angle (CA) before top dead centre (bTDC). The optimum con-dition for the blends is achieved at 26°CA bTDC for 80% loading. So, the engine trials were conducted on 26°CA bTDC to attain the results. The BD90D5O10 blend achieved the lowest brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) reading of 0.308 kg/kWh while operating at full load. The maximum brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was 31.46% for BD90D5B5. The maximum heat release rate (HRR) achieved with BD85D5O5 fuel blend was 58.54 J/°CA. The quantity of carbon monoxide that BD85D5B10 created was the lowest (25.86 g/kWh). BD85D5B10 had a minimal unburned hydrocarbon emission of 0.157 g/kWh while operating at full load. Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were emitted in the maximum quantity by BD85D5O10, which was equal to 6.01 g/kWh. This study establishes the viability of blends of biodiesel and alcohol as an alternative for petro-diesel in the future to meet the growing global energy demand.
Selected aspects of blood flow simulations in arteries
Authors: Białecki Ryszard , Adamczyk Wojciech , Ostrowski Ziemowit
Published: May 2024

This article discusses selected aspects of modelling blood flow in the arteries. The method of reproducing the variable-in-time geometry of coronary arteries is given based on a sequence of medical images of different resolutions. Within the defined shapes of the arteries, a technique of generation of numerical meshes of the same topology is described. The boundary conditions and non-Newtonian rheological models used in blood flow are discussed, as well as the description of blood as a multiphase medium. The work also includes a discussion of tests on the phantom of the carotid artery for the accuracy of measurements made using ultrasonography.
Images, clusters and types – Making sense of (large) image corpora and related practices in and with digital media
Authors: Reißmann Wolfgang , Autenrieth Ulla , Venema Rebecca
Published: May 2024

In November 2021, the Visual Communication Division of the German Communication Association (DGPuK) celebrated its 20th anniversary at the University of Trier with a one-year pandemic delay. Marion G. Müller, Katharina Christ and Christof Barth organized an excellent conference to mark the occasion and to reflect on past and current trends, topics, and challenges in visual communication research. Resuming the thematic scope of the division’s first conference held in Hamburg in 2000, the conference focused on “The power of images – Images of power. On visual political communication in digital contexts.” While analyses of press photography in the tradition of political iconology were the main approaches twenty years ago, the program of the anniversary conference demonstrated diversified thematic foci and methodological approaches. The presentations examined a broad range of visual digital media and visual communication exerted by various actors ranging from the press to politicians to activists and citizens. Concurrently, we also saw a considerable diversity concerning methodological approaches and a rising influence of computational methods for analyzing the increasingly large numbers of images in digital media environments. With the panel “Image type / image cluster analysis as an approach to analyzing large numbers of images in online environments,” a discussion on diverse methodological approaches and their potentials and challenges among our members started. After the conference, we decided to open up our internal discussion and reach out to international colleagues working on similar questions. The long-term result is this Thematic Section on diverse methods for structuring image data corpora drawing on different traditions of visual analysis.
Evaluation of Critical Corporate Governance Issues within Nigeria's Top State-Owned Enterprises
Authors: Nwafor Lloyd Chukwuemeka , Virakul Busaya , Russ-Eft Darlene , Chima Geoffrey Ijomah David
Published: May 2024

Objective: The objective of the article was to examine and analyze significant corporate governance issues prevalent in Nigeria's leading state-owned enterprises by identifying the key corporate governance issues that exist within State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs), importance of addressing these critical corporate governance issues in relation to SOEs in Nigeria, explore the various factors that hinder the evaluation of these critical corporate governance issues in Nigerian SOEs and put forth recommendations and strategies for effectively managing these critical corporate governance issues within SOEs in Nigeria.
 
Theoretical Framework: Agency Model Principals (Shareholders) Agents (Management) Performs Hires and Delegates Self Interest Self Interest 257 Talat Afza and Mian Sajid Nazir On the whole, agency theory laid emphasis on the opportunistic behavior of managers; managers try to put their interest first by forgoing shareholders’ interests.
 
Method: The study employed a descriptive survey design, wherein 300 employees were selected through a random sampling process from a pool of over 100,000 employees belonging to various organizations such as Power Holding Company of Nigeria, Nigeria Postal Services, Nigerian Railway Cooperation, Nigeria Water Board Cooperation, and Nigeria Television Authority. The selected employees were representative of the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. A questionnaire consisting of 20 items was utilized as the primary instrument for data collection. To ensure the reliability and validity of the instrument, the validation process involved the application of Lawshe's content validity template, resulting in a content validity ratio (CVR) of 1. The psychometric properties of the instrument were assessed using Cronbach's alpha. A coefficient alpha of .85 was obtained, surpassing the threshold of .70. This indicates that the instrument demonstrates satisfactory reliability. The data was collected in real-time and subsequently analyzed utilizing frequency count and percentage calculations.
 
Findings: The results indicate that employees possess a comprehensive understanding of crucial corporate governance matters within their respective state-owned enterprises in Nigeria. Assessing these critical corporate governance issues has the potential to yield outstanding returns on investment (ROI) and enhance stakeholder satisfaction. Hence, it is of utmost importance to conduct a comprehensive assessment of critical issues pertaining to corporate governance.
 
Conclusion: This evaluation is essential in order to protect the interests of stakeholders, attain anticipated levels of performance, promote fairness and transparency, optimize return on investment, and ultimately enhance the provision of services to citizens.
Separation of Surety Agreement and Guarantee Agreement
Authors: Aktaş Murat Ali
Published: May 2024

Objective: The purpose of this research is to learn the differences between the “Surety Agreement” and the “Guarantee Agreement”, which are often confused in collateral law.
 
Method: The research method used in this study was based on finding the general result to be obtained after comparing the opinions of academics with court decisions based on domestic legal rules in Turkey.
 
Results and Discussion: In contracts established in commercial and social life, there are remedies such as "Surety Agreement" or "Guarantee Agreement" to eliminate or significantly reduce the risk of the debtor's inability to pay the debt. It has been concluded that the Guarantee Agreement provides a stronger guarantee than the Surety Agreement, is established by a different contract from the articles of association, the creditor has the right to apply directly to the guarantor in the articles of association, and in case of hesitation, he has the right to apply to the guarantor. there is a practice and consensus on this issue before the Turkish courts and academics.
 
Research Implications: The information and documents that can be used in this research have been obtained completely from open sources. all of the quoted information is written in the footnotes and bibliography section.
 
Originality/Value: The novelty of this research is that it explains the reasons for using the “Bank Guarantee Letter”, the most well-known example of which is due to the fact that the Guarantee Agreement provides more effective protection to the creditor party in the field of collateral law.
Reakcja państw Unii Europejskiej na rosyjską agresję w Ukrainie. Europa zjednoczona czy podzielona?
Authors: Olszewska‑Łabędź Beata
Published: May 2024

The principle of solidarity is a basic element of social life, inscribing not only the ethics of the Catholic Church but also european culture and documents of the European Union. [107] The aggresion of the Russian Federation in Ukraine, which began in 2014 with the annex- ation of Crimea and continued through military operations carried out from February 24, 2022 inspired the author to write this article and pose several basic questions that she will try to answer. What was there action of the states European Union to the war in Ukraine? Is the principle of solidarity in solving european problems actually applied by all member states? If so, is it to the same extent? And if not, what is the reason? Do not the political, economic and economic interests of the countries of the old European Union seem more important than european solidarity? Does the conflict in Ukraine create circumstances for the coherence of actions and EU solidarity or on the contrary is it a manifestation of a threat to this unity? The article is of a review nature and is based on materials from polish and foreign scientific publications, reports and materials available on the Internet.
História imediata e participante da formação de professores na cidade de São Paulo (2001-2004)
Authors: Pisaneschi Lucilene Schunck Costa , Bauer Carlos
Published: May 2024

Este artigo apresenta a história imediata de uma experiência formativa de professores vivenciada, entre os anos de 2001 e 2004, no âmbito da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Paulo (SME-SP), em um momento em que a formação docente tinha como pressuposto para sua construção o princípio da autonomia defendido por Paulo Freire. O relato estabelece um diálogo entre o pensamento de Adorno e Freire no que diz respeito às categorias de autonomia e emancipação, cortejado por premissas marxianas em torno do papel do indivíduo na história. Também se tem como finalidade a compreensão da importância e dos limites presentes na experiência de formação em serviço dos professores desta conceituada rede municipal de ensino brasileira, operada nos primórdios do século XXI. 
Palavras-chave: Autonomia. Emancipação. Formação de professores. História imediata da Educação. SME-SP.
Qualitative Assessment of Food Adulterants for Food Safety in Grocery Store at Avinashi (Tirupur District)
Authors:   RVS Arts And Science College
Published: May 2024

Food is any substance, composed of carbohydrates, water, fats and proteins, which can be eaten or drunk by animals, including humans, for nutrition or pleasure. By other words food is one of the basic needs for every living being and very important aspect for life.
Pharyngeal Foreign Body Misdiagnosed as a Manifestation of Dupilumab-Induced Hypereosinophilia in a Patient with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps
Authors:   University Of Bari ",   Aldo Moro
Published: May 2024

Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) is a well-defined entity. Dupilumab was the first authorized drug for effective treatment of CRSwNP. Nevertheless, it may lead to side effects including an increase in the absolute eosinophil count.
The influence of the Past and the Present in Eugene O'Neill's Long Day's Journey Into Night and Tennessee Williams' A Streetcar Named Desire
Authors: Ahmed Al-Azzawy Qusay Jaddoa
Published: May 2024

The most American writers who tackle the theme of past and present in their works are Eugene O'Neill and Tennessee Williams. This paper attempts to analyze the theme of past and present in O'Neill's Long Day's Journey Into Night and Williams' A streetcar Named Desire. They have presented their tragic theory of the relationship between the characters' tragic downfall and the power of the unconscious self or their psychological mental fate. They have used memory as a recurrent motif in their major plays. The aim of this paper is to analyze memory that symbolizes the past and its impact on the present in the two selected plays. The major characters are shown through memory as they feel haunted with the restraints of past, which casts shadow on their present condition. As the human archetypes live under unfavorable conditions whether they are political, social, or economic, they cover their harsh realities with memory of the beautiful past.
A STATISTICAL STYLISTIC STUDY IN SAFI HIRANI'S TURKISH POEMS
Authors: Maghdid Beg Zade Kosret Bapir
Published: May 2024

This study entitled (A statistical stylistic study in Safi Hirani's Turkish Poems) has been accomplished. Initially, it focused on concepts, terms, and their definitions of style and stylistics in the literary text. Which means that style is the (linguistic, intellectual, and literary) characteristics that became common in a certain period and followed by poets. Then, the subject was explained with the poet's Turkish poems and statistical stylistics was applied on it. The aim of the study: to show and reveal statistical stylistics in the poet's Turkish poems in order to determine the number and type of sentences in these texts. Because by examining the poetry of any poet in the field of statistical stylistics, you will find out the style of his works in terms of language materials (quantity). This is of particular importance in literary texts and scientific research. The method of the study: statistical stylistics based on the concepts and materials of stylistics.
developing textbooks for teaching Russian as a foreign language in Arab students’ classroom
Authors: Salman Chiad Imad
Published: May 2024

The article examines the current issues of developing, writing and using modern textbooks to teach Russian as a foreign language to Arab students, such as Iraqis. Furthermore, the study attracts attention to different models of building textbooks to be the main learning tool and an effective way of teaching various experiences. The article explains the history of the development of academic textbooks of Russian sciences and the contribution of prominent Russian scholars in designing textbooks, taking into consideration the difficulties of designing trainings to teach RFL to Arab students.
Textbooks are available since ancient times, however, there is always a need to update content and develop the methods of teaching.
الشعر العباسي في حماسة أبي تمام(اختيارات أبو تمام)
Authors: حسن رائد حازم
Published: May 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على أبي تمام بين الصنعة والتجديد. وجاءت حماسة أبي تمام لتبرز كوامن النفس تجاه مجتمعها وبيئتها، فجاء هذا البحث ليسلط الضوء على اختيارات أبي تمام لمقطوعات من شعراء عصره في ديوان الحماسة، إلى الوقوف على نسبة الشعر العباسي في الحماسة، من خلال المنهج الوصفي والاستقرائي في تتبع الظاهرة ووصفها وصفا دقيقاً. ولاسيما أن أشعار الحماسة لها قيمة عظمى في تقديم القيم المعنوية والإنسانية، والرفع من شأن الإنسان، وشجاعته، وهو جانب يكتمل مع الجانب الفني عند الشاعر العربي، ليثبت شاعرنا بحماسته على جمع الجمال الفني بالجمال الانساني الذي لا يتوقف ولا ينتهي. مما يوصي الباحث للوقوف على حماسة أبي تمام من قبل الباحثين، كونها نصاً غائبا يحتاج إلى الدراسات المتعددة لكشفه وتجليته. ويوصي الباحث بدراسة الشعر العباسي في المختارات الشعرية الأخرى نحو مختارات البحتري.
Chinese Female Writer Zhang Yueran and Fictional Features of Her Prose
Authors: Kulikova A. A.
Published: May 2024

In this paper, the author analyzes the fiction of contemporary Chinese female writer Zhang Yueran (b. 1982). As a radiant and influential representative of the post-1980s generation in contemporary Chinese literature, Zhang Yueran is considered to be one of most talented and strong young writers. Post-1980s Chinese writers are known by depiction of young people’s lives in big cities with elements of magical realism, however, unlike the most Post-1980s Chinese writers, Zhang Yueran focuses more on the characters’ subjectivity and their pursuit of love (parental and romantic). Her complex characters thrive for love and happiness, but also suffer from loneliness and lack of parental attention. Zhang Yueran’s writing is visceral and almost poetic in its use of metaphor. The development of Zhang Yueran’s prose can be divided two key periods. Her early works are aesthetic psychological thrillers about unhealthy love, inspired by classical fairytales that end with a character’s death and self-destruction: while the language is beautiful and almost poetic, but there is a lack of narrative depth. In her second era, Zhang Yueran returns to realism and successfully combines style and deep narrative by contrasting scenes of cruelty and mercy. At the moment her latest novel “Cocoon” embodies all significant fictional features from the perspective of both style and narrative.
Endometriosis is an Oestrogen-Dependent Autoimmune Disorder in Genetically Prone Women
Authors: Balakrishnan Kanchana Devi , Natarajan Pandiyan
Published: May 2024

Endometriosis affects 10% of the population. It has a chronic course presenting with pelvic pain, pelvic lesions, subfertility and psychological issues in the affected individual. The existing treatments, like drugs to induce a hypoestrogenic state and the surgical methods of clearing adhesions and removing endometriotic cysts, are not fully effective in preventing the recurrence or restoring fertility. Emerging knowledge on the immunological basis of endometriosis, its association with co-morbidities like autoimmune disorders and the probable genetic association of these disorders with other pain conditions will help in steering research towards finding effective preventive strategies and restoring fertility.
SEXUALITY AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR: THE OPINION OF SCIENCE AND SOCIETY
Authors: Chupina Viktoriia B. , Gavrilenko Larisa S. , Melnik Natalya V.
Published: May 2024

The study was an intermediate result of the content analysis of sexuality research. During the study, it was found that in the scientific literature there is no specificity in revealing the essence of the concepts of “sexuality” and “sexual behaviour”. The article presents a non-exhaustive and not the most detailed version of the understanding of sexuality and sexual behavior. At the same time, this is one of the attempts to build conceptual links between these categories. Revealing sexuality as a holistic process involving vari ous aspects of human life, sexual behaviour is one of the many components predicted by sexuality. Therefore, we consider it inappropriate to study and explore sexuality only in the context of sexual behaviour.
ASSESSMENT OF BUSINESS RISK AS THE MAIN RISK IN FUNCTIONING OF CATERING ESTABLISHMENTS
Authors: Jejeja Joni Z. , Sokolovskaya Irina E.
Published: May 2024

The work examines the current issues of risk management in public catering establishments, problems of risk management in the social and commercial segment. A sequence of steps is proposed to identify significant risks for public catering enterprises and determine the appropriate management mechanism. The work also studies the risk models when running a modern business and how to apply them in practice.
FACTOR ANALYSIS IN THE STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESILIENCE AND STUDENT LEARNING MOTIVATION
Authors: Lugovskaya Marina Yu.
Published: May 2024

The data of an empirical study conducted in 2023–2024 on the relationship between the levels of resilience and educational motivation of Russian and Chinese students were subjected to factor analysis. Initially, the variables subjected to correlation analysis were four aggregates: scales of resilience, educational motivation, ethnicity, and course of study. The resulting matrix of factor analysis included four sheaves of variables, which, on the basis of expertise, reflect four factors defining the features of filtering information which is used for educational activities and is given to people for mastering personal and civilisational experience.
Pressure-controlled formation of discontinuous clogs in tapered microchannels
Authors: Majekodunmi Olukayode , Hashmi Sara
Published: May 2024

In suspension flows through microchannels with parallel walls, rigid particles form clogs that grow continuously in the upstream direction. However, introducing a slight taper to channel walls leads to a qualitatively different clogging mechanism. Clogs of rigid particles do not grow continuously in these tapered pores. Instead, new clogs form upstream of pre-existing clogs, truncating their growth, and thereby creating multiple distinct clogs within a channel. We refer to this novel phenomenon as discontinuous clogging. Here, we investigate its features by analyzing the dimensions and locations of discontinuous clogs in parallel tapered pores. Measurements reveal the discontinuity of clog growth depends strongly on flow driving pressure and particle volume fraction. Increasing volume fraction increases clogging frequency and positions the clogs upstream, in wider regions of the channels. Two regimes of driving pressure appear to exist as the discontinuous clogs are observed to become dramatically longer above a critical pressure. Interestingly, these long clogs are located downstream, towards the channel outlet, at the lowest volume fraction. However, they are increasingly located upstream as volume fraction increases. The dependence of clog location on pressure and volume fraction lends insight into bridging mechanism. Particles arriving simultaneously to a given location can span the channel width to form a bridge, which happens easily at higher volume fractions. Permanent clogs form when driving pressure is lower than the force the bridges can sustain. As driving pressure increases, however, it can overcome the force chains, preventing formation of new permanent clogs, and pushing particles further downstream.
Magnetite Nanodiscs as Vortex-Enhanced MRI Contrast Agents: A Novel Approach in Medical Imaging
Authors: Koçar Elif , Di Gregurio Enza , Nizami Syed Bilal , Duran Toro Vicente , Ali Uzair , Signorelli Lorenzo , Giannattasio Teresa , Wasner Franziska , Stein Rene , Tietze Rainer , Sorrentino Marianna , Corrado Alessia , Conti Allegra , Toschi Nicola , Ferrauto Giuseppe , Gregurec Danijela
Published: May 2024

Magnetic nanoparticles can serve as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to enhance sensitivity and improve imaging contrast. This study investigated anisotropic magnetite nanodiscs (MNDs) with vortex magnetization, which exhibit high saturation magnetization and low magnetocrystalline anisotropy. These properties contribute to the minimization of magnetostatic energy. The vortex magnetization grants these particles, which are over 100 nm in diameter, a zero net magnetization, thereby inducing superparamagnetic-like behavior. Due to these distinctive characteristics, MNDs have been explored as novel contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. The study demonstrated their ability to enhance transverse relaxation at 7 T and to act as T1 contrast agents at very low magnetic fields. Additionally, MNDs strongly influence the magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) of immobilized water present in biological specimens and tissues, enabling them to function as multimodal MRI contrast agents that not only work as relaxation-based contrast agents but also modify tissue MTC.
A new synthesis of the amine fragment: an important intermediate to the anti-HIV drug lenacapavir
Authors: Shinde Anand , Sayini Ramakrishna , Singh Piyal , Burns Justina , Ahmad Saeed , Laidlaw George , Gupton Frank , Klumpp Douglas , jin limei
Published: May 2024

Herein, we describe a new five-step approach to prepare 1-(3,6-dibromopyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethan-1-amine, an important intermediate in the synthesis of lenacapavir. The key step in the sequence is the Weinreb amide-based ketone synthesis, which provides an alternative entry point to the core structural component. Starting from the inexpensive 2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)acetic acid, the Weinreb amide synthesis and the followed nucleophilic substitution afford the ketone in 47% yield. The subsequent functional group manipulation delivers the racemic amine which can be resolved with known mandelic acid resolution. This synthetic route has been demonstrated on decagram scale and affords the racemic amine in an overall isolated yield of 25%.
Miltefosine Impacts Small Molecule Transport in Gram-Positive Bacteria
Authors: Blake Marea , Page Eleanor , Smith Madeline , Calhoun Tessa
Published: May 2024

Miltefosine (MLT) is an alkylphosphocholine with clinical success as an anticancer and antiparasitic drug. Although the mechanism of action of MLT is highly debated, the interaction of MLT with the membrane, specifically lipid rafts of eukaryotes, is well-documented. Recent reports suggest MLT impacts the functional membrane microdomains in bacteria - regions of the membrane structurally and functionally similar to lipid rafts. There have been conflicting reports, however, as to whether MLT impacts the overall fluidity of cellular plasma membranes. Here, we apply steady-state fluorescence techniques, generalized polarization of laurdan and anisotropy of diphenylhexatriene, to discern how MLT impacts the global fluidity of Staphylococcus aureus membranes. Additionally, we investigate how the transport of a range of small molecules is impacted by MLT for S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis by employing time-resolved second harmonic scattering. Overall, we observe MLT does not have an influence on the overall fluidity of S. aureus membranes. Additionally, we show that the transport of small molecules across the membrane can be significantly altered by MLT - although this is not the case for all molecules studied. The results presented here illustrate the potential use of MLT as an adjuvant to assist in the delivery of drug molecules in bacteria.
Biomimetic materials to replace tubular tissues
Authors: Martinier Isabelle , Trichet Léa , Fernandes Francisco
Published: May 2024

Repairing tubular tissues—the trachea, the esophagus, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts, and the circulatory system—from trauma or severe pathologies that require resection, calls for new, more effective graft materials. Currently, the relatively narrow family of materials available for these applications relies on synthetic polymers that fail to reproduce the biological and physical cues found in native tissues. Mimicking the structure and the composition of native tubular tissues to elaborate functional grafts is expected to outperform the materials currently in use, but remains one of the most challenging goals in the field of biomaterials. Despite their apparent diversity, tubular tissues share extensive compositional and structural features. Here, we assess the current state of the art through a dual layer model, reducing each tissue to an inner epithelial layer and an outer muscular layer. Based on this model, we examine the current strategies developed to mimic each layer and we underline how each fabrication method stands in providing a biomimetic material for future clinical translation. The analysis provided here, addressed to materials chemists, biomaterials engineers and clinical staff alike, sets new guidelines to foster the elaboration of new biomimetic materials for effective tubular tissue repair.
Flux decline prediction in dead-end ultrafiltration combining fluorescence spectroscopy and mechanism-informed machine learning
Authors: Tagliavini Matteo , Snyder Shane Allen
Published: May 2024

Membrane fouling, which leads to water flux decline with time, is the greatest challenge in membrane filtration. The complexity of phenomena itself, as well as the heterogeneous and fluctuating characteristics of dissolved organic matter, make fouling prediction an arduous task. In this work, a novel approach to predict fouling and flux decline under fluctuating organic load is proposed, developed and validated. A semi-empirical mechanistic model (Hermia) is empowered with support vector machine to address the mechanistic complexity of fouling phenomena. The inputs of the machine learning steps are the initial flux, the organic load, and three pre-selected combinations of excitation-emission fluorescence spectra. The model was trained varying initial flux, organic carbon load and composition. Model validation on unknown experiments (e.g., experiments the model was not trained on) revealed a good predictive accuracy, with R2 ranging from 0.89 to 0.99, with an average of 0.96. The proposed approach is expected to have great potential in the field of membrane processes and water technologies in general.
C(sp3)-F Bond Activation by Lewis Base-Boryl Radicals via Concerted Electron-Fluoride Transfer
Authors: GUO Xueying , Zhang Yuchen , Lai Xiaoyu , Pang Yubing , Xue Xiao-Song
Published: May 2024

Selective C–F bond activation through a radical pathway in the presence of multiple C–H bonds remains a formidable challenge, owing to the extraordinarily strong bond strength of the C–F bond. By the aid of density functional theory calculations, we disclose an innovative concerted electron-fluoride transfer mechanism, harnessing the unique reactivity of Lewis base-boryl radicals to selectively activate the resilient C-F bonds in fluoroalkanes. This enables the direct abstraction of a fluorine atom and subsequent generation of an alkyl radical, thus expanding the boundaries of halogen atom transfer reactions and adding a new strategy to the C-F bond activation toolkit.
Are we fitting data or noise? Analysing the predictive power of commonly used datasets in drug-, materials-, and molecular-discovery.
Authors: Crusius Daniel , Cipcigan Flaviu , Biggin Philip
Published: May 2024

Data-driven techniques for establishing quantitative structure property relations are a pillar of modern materials and molecular discovery. Fuelled by the recent progress in deep learning methodology and the abundance of new algorithms, it is tempting to chase benchmarks and incrementally build ever more capable machine learning (ML) models. While model evaluation has made significant progress, the intrinsic limitations arising from the underlying experimental data are often overlooked. In the chemical sciences data collection is costly, thus datasets are small and experimental errors can be significant. These limitations of such datasets affect their predictive power, a fact that is rarely considered in a quantitative way. In this study, we analyse commonly used ML datasets for regression and classification from drug discovery, molecular discovery, and materials discovery. We derived maximum and realistic performance bounds for nine such datasets by introducing noise based on estimated or actual experimental errors. We then compared the estimated performance bounds to the reported performance of leading ML models in the literature. Out of the nine datasets and corresponding ML models considered, four were identified to have reached or surpassed dataset performance limitations and thus, they may potentially be fitting noise. More generally, we systematically examine how data range, the magnitude of experimental error, and the number of data points influence dataset performance bounds. Alongside this paper, we release the Python package NoiseEstimator and provide a web- based application for computing realistic performance bounds. This study and the resulting tools will help practitioners in the field understand the limitations of datasets and set realistic expectations for ML model performance. This work stands as a reference point, offering analysis and tools to guide development of future ML models in the chemical sciences.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a new surgical correction method for combined pelvic organ prolapse in women of reproductive age: A prospective non-randomized study
Authors: Danilina Olga A. , Volkov Valery G.
Published: May 2024

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of combined pelvic organ prolapse correction using the proposed modification of laparoscopic promontofixation of the uterus and vaginal walls using a mesh graft in women of reproductive age.
Materials and methods. A prospective non-randomized study included 41 women of reproductive age (up to 49 years) with grade II–IV symptomatic combined pelvic organ prolapse. The main group (n=19) included women who underwent surgery using the proposed original method (invention patent No. RU2795649C1 dated October 27, 2022), the control group (n=22) included women who underwent conventional laparoscopic promontofixation of the uterus and vaginal walls and vaginal plasty with local tissues. The duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, anatomical result, effect on symptoms and sexual function were assessed using the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20), Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12).
Results. The duration of surgery and intraoperative blood loss were significantly lower in the main group (p=0.043 and p0.001, respectively). Anatomical success was achieved in both groups and persisted throughout the follow-up period (without statistically significant differences). Analysis of the PFDI-20 questionnaire responses showed a significant improvement in both groups with no statistically significant differences. Analysis of the PISQ-12 questionnaire data showed a significant improvement in the quality of sexual life in both groups; however, after a year of follow-up, patients of the main group had a significantly better quality of sexual life (p0.05).
Conclusion. The surgical correction of combined pelvic organ prolapse using the proposed method demonstrated a good anatomical result, a decrease in intraoperative blood loss and duration of surgery, as well as an improvement in sexual function in women of reproductive age.
Gonadotropins in assisted reproductive technology programs: A review
Authors: Ostrina Sabina Ya. , Serova Olga F. , Rudakova Elena  B. , Fedorova Elena  A.
Published: May 2024

Reproductive medicine is actively developing, and new methods, drugs, and protocols are being developed and introduced for the treatment of infertility. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are the most effective methods. In ART protocols, ovarian stimulation (OS) is based on gonadotropin use. The choice of the starting dose of gonadotropin is a critical factor in the successful OS and the effectiveness of ART programs. The article describes the development history of gonadotropins and provides current data on their use in ART programs. The use of biosimilars of follitropin alfa in OS is discussed, and the effectiveness of its Russian biosimilar is also addressed.

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Contraception after childbirth: current achievements and prospects: A review
Authors: Prilepskaya Vera N. , Nazarenko Elena G.
Published: May 2024

The article presents modern methods of contraception after childbirth, including their impact on the mother and child, the main advantages and disadvantages. Special attention is paid to barrier methods of contraception, spermicides, and their advantages according to the "Acceptance Criteria" of the World Health Organization (2015) and the "National Acceptance Criteria" (2023), their features and prospects for use.
Polymorphic variants of the PPP1R21 gene associated with the level of sex hormone-binding globulin and the risk of various stages of breast cancer
Authors: Pasenov Konstantin N. , Ponomarenko Irina V. , Churnosov Mikhail I.
Published: May 2024

Aim. To assess the relationship of polymorphic gene variants associated with the level of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) according to genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with the risk of stage I–II and stage III-IV breast cancer.
Materials and methods. A comparative genetic analysis was carried out on samples of patients with breast cancer: 254 patients with stages I–II and 91 with stages III–IV, and 1140 females of the control group. The paper considers 4 single nucleotide substitutions associated with the level of circulating SHBG according to GWAS: g.107546375AG PRMT6 (rs17496332), g.27519736TC GCKR (rs780093), g.48419260TC PPP1R21 (rs10454142), g.98364050TA BAIAP2L1 (rs3779195).
Results. Differences in the involvement of polymorphic variants of SHBG candidate genes in the development of stages I–II and III–IV breast cancer were revealed. The rs10454142 TC polymorphic variant in the PPP1R21 gene is associated with the risk of stage I–II breast cancer: women with an allelic variant of this locus have a higher risk of early-stage disease (T/T vs. T/C vs. C/C, odds ratio 1.35, 95% confidence interval 1.05-1.75; p=0.021; ppermutat=0.027). Also, an increase in the number of C alleles in the female genotype increased the risk of stage I–II breast cancer by 17–18% per allele. There were no associations of polymorphic variants of SHBG candidate genes with the risk of severe disease (stage III–IV). The single nucleotide substitution rs10454142 TC in the PPP1R21 gene and the single nucleotide polymorphisms strongly linked to it are functionally significant (located in the regions of enhancers and promoters) in the epithelial and myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland and liver, affect the level of genome methylation, and are associated with the level of GTF2A1L gene expression.
Spatiotemporal characteristics and earthquake statistics of the 2020 and 2022 adjacent earthquake sequences in North Aegean Sea (Greece)
Authors: Bonatis Pavlos , Karakostas Vasileios , Kourouklas Christos , Kostoglou Anastasios , Papadimitriou Eleftheria
Published: May 2024

The two moderate earthquakes that occurred close and to the north of the North Aegean Trough (NAT) on 26 September 2020 (Mw5.3) and 16 January 2022 (Mw5.4), both followed by aftershock activity, are examined. Seismic activity along the NAT and its parallel branches is continuous and remarkable, with numerous strong instrumental (M≥6.0) earthquakes. Yet, the frequency of moderate (5.0≤M<6.0) earthquakes outside these major fault branches is rather rare and therefore their investigation provides the optimal means to decipher the seismotectonic properties of the broader area. The temporal and spatial proximity of the two seismic excitations from late September of 2020 through early 2022, intrigues for exhaustive investigation of seismic activity with the employment of earthquake relocation techniques, moment tensor solutions and statistical analysis. Our research revealed that this seismic activity purely falls inside the Mainshock – Aftershock type, with fast aftershock decay rates and moderate productivity. According to our findings, the two seismic sequences, despite their close proximity, exhibit distinctive features as a result of the intricate stress field generated at the western termination of the NAF system in an extensional domain.
Entre arquiteturas, cidades e feminismos
Authors: Silva Carolina Pescatori Candido da , Aliaga Fuentes Maribel
Published: May 2024

A presente coletânea foi produzida pelo Observatório Amar.é.linha, que tem se dedicado a discutir o papel e as relações entre arquitetura, mulher e cidade. São pesquisas teóricas ou práticas que transitam e integram o trabalho das pesquisadoras Maribel Aliaga e Carolina Pescatori, entre graduação e pósgraduação, mantendo uma tradição da Universidade de Brasília desde a sua criação.
Use possibility analysis for wind energy in autonomous car interior heating
Authors: Lysenko E. A. , Shcherba V. E. , Pavlyuchenko E. A.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. When driving cars in winter on intercity routes, problems may arise if the highways are covered with snow as a result of heavy snowfalls, which can last for several days or more, and movement during this period becomes impossible. An analysis of statistical data on weather events in winter has shown that in many regions, the closure of trails as a result of prolonged snowfalls can reach up to fifteen percent. In this case, an autonomous energy source, which it receives through the use of environmental properties, can provide significant assistance in improving the situation and increasing safety. The paper considers the technical solution and carries out a theoretical analysis of its characteristics aimed at solving the problem of autonomous power supply of the car interior in severe weather conditions.

Materials and methods. The paper presents a technical solution and a theoretical analysis of its characteristics aimed at solving the problem of autonomous power supply of the car interior in severe weather conditions.

Results. Based on the results of the information search, the design of a compact low-power wind power plant is proposed. The calculation of the heat loss of the car interior, the characteristics of a compact wind power plant was performed and the generated power required to heat the car interior in an extreme situation was determined.

Discussion and conclusions. It has been established that the presented design of a low-power wind power plant can be used as a prototype for the development of an industrial design of an autonomous energy source for heating a car in extreme conditions. Similar installations can be used in other industries, for example, tourism, agriculture, and geological exploration.
ABCD method for determination of low-temperature properties of ordinary and modified binders
Authors: Rozhkov I. M. , Kharpaev A. V. , Nebratenko D. Yu. , Kretov V. A.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The active introduction into practice of the system of volumetric and functional design (OFP) is aimed at the large-scale development by the Russian road construction industry of advanced foreign approaches to the technology of designing asphalt concrete pavements (Superpave). One of the fundamental differences between the OFP methodology and the previously established practice of evaluating technical, technological and operational indicators of road construction materials is the introduction of new methods that characterize quantitative indicators with a high degree of accuracy, based on the actual physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the components used. Thus, as methods for assessing the low-temperature properties of bitumen binders, it is proposed to use the bending beam method (BBR), which has proven itself quite well when working with traditional (ordinary) bitumen. However, the natural and climatic conditions of operation of highways in Russia clearly require the use of binders modified with high- and low-molecular compounds, including polymers. In this study, the task of applying the ABCD method to evaluate the low-temperature parameters of ordinary bitumen and polymer-bitumen binders was realized.

Materials and methods. Samples of industrial batches of petroleum road viscous bitumen (GOST 33133-2014) and polymer-modified bitumen (GOST R 52056-2003) were used as objects of research. To determine the lowtemperature parameters, an ABCD 8.0 device and an air-cooled climate chamber were used. The study of bitumen binders according to the parameters laid down in the technical requirements of GOST R 58400.11–2019 ‘Automobile roads of general use. Petroleum-based bitumen binders. Method of determining the temperature of cracking using the device ABCD’ was carried out.

Results. The values of the cracking temperature for ordinary and modified bitumen binders were determined. It is shown that the low-temperature parameters of polymer-bitumen binders significantly exceed similar properties of oxidized road bitumen.

Discussion and conclusions. A comparative analysis of the low-temperature properties of ordinary and modified binders obtained during their determination by the direct method enables to confirm the effectiveness of the methodology developed in GOST R 58400.11-2019 for assessing the performance of binders of various component composition in difficult climatic conditions of Russia. The effectiveness of the domestic second-generation ABCD 8.0 device for direct assessment of the cracking temperature of bitumen binders of variable composition has been confirmed.
The Use and Effects of Social Cues in Human-Machine Communication
Authors: 牟 怡 , 官 奕聪
Published: May 2024

通过社交线索的选择和设定让机器表达出特定的社交信号,进而实现期待中的社交反应,是人机传播中一种常见却易被误用的方法。本研究通过文献的系统梳理对社交线索这一概念追根溯源,区分了社交线索、社交信号和社交反应三个相关却不同的概念,探析人机传播社交偏差的原因。本研究从编码与解码的视角指出经典的社交线索到社交信号再到社交反应的逻辑漏洞,全面分析了带来社交线索效应偏差的可能原因,为人机传播理论研究和社交线索相关设计实践提供参考。
Artificial Intelligence in News: The Impact of Anthropomorphic Strategies on
Audience Attribution
Authors: 陈 梁 , 谭 心莹
Published: May 2024

聚焦人工智能技术在现实生活中的应用,各类媒体平台中涌现出了大量人工智能技术相关的新闻报道。本研究设计了一组线上实验(N
=382),探索在不同(正面或负面)人工智能新闻事件中,报道的拟人化程度如何影响了受众对于事件责任归因的判断。结果显示,人工智能正面报道的拟人化程度显著提升了受众对于人工智能的心智感知,受众进而倾向于将积极结果归因于人工智能技术。人工智能负面报道的拟人化程度提升了受众对于人工智能的心智感知,但并未显著影响受众的事件归因。此外,在负面报道中,受众的技术焦虑调节了报道拟人化程度对人工智能心智感知的影响。
“Media are Shapers of Environments,both Cultural and Natural”—An Interview with
Professor John Durham Peters about Media and Communication Theory
Authors: 刘 子琨 , 杜海姆·彼得斯 约翰
Published: May 2024

本次访谈涵盖了彼得斯教授的最新研究以及他对当下媒介研究的观点。首先,他深入探讨了媒介理论与传播哲学,强调了媒介研究关注的是中介事物的事物,即处于中间的事物。他认为人类的身体处于天地之间,是我们生活和存在的媒介,而女性主义可以有助于我们探讨身体的意义。其次,他分享了自己对新闻传播学术传统与媒介物质性的看法,特别是对基特勒和克莱默尔等学者的观点提出了自己的见解。最后,他描述了自己如何通过媒介历史的视角来理解人工智能,以及如何从多语言和多学科的角度获得启发。