bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergence of Two Distinct SARS-CoV-2 Gamma Variants and the Rapid Spread of P.1-like-II SARS-CoV-2 during the Second Wave of COVID-19 in Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil
Authors: Padilha Dayane Azevedo , Benetti Filho Vilmar , Moreira Renato Simões , Soratto Tatiany Aparecida Teixeira , Maia Guilherme Augusto , Christoff Ana Paula , Barazzetti Fernando Hartmann , Schörner Marcos André , Ferrari Fernanda Luiza , Martins Carolina Leite , Kawagoe Eric Kazuo , Wachter Julia Kinetz , Sachet Paula , Baptistella Antuani Rafael , Schlindwein Aline Daiane , Coelho Bruna Kellet , Fernandes Sandra Bianchini , Rovaris Darcita Buerger , Debiasi dos Anjos Marlei Pickler , Melo Fernanda Rosene , Bittencourt Bianca , Cunha Sthefani , Meneghetti Karine Lena , Wendt Nestor , Madaloz Tâmela Zamboni , Rodrigues Marcus Vinícius Duarte , Souza Doris Sobral Marques , Moraes Milene Höehr de , Baptista Rodrigo de Paula , Toledo-Silva Guilherme , Razzera Guilherme , Grisard Edmundo Carlos , Stoco Patricia Hermes , de Oliveira Luiz Felipe Valter , Bazzo Maria Luiza , Fongaro Gislaine , Wagner Glauber
Published: March 2022

The western mesoregion of the state of Santa Catarina (SC), Southern Brazil, was heavily affected as a whole by the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2021. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus spreading patterns in the SC state from March 2020 to April 2021 using genomic surveillance. During this period, there were 23 distinct variants, including Beta and Gamma, among which the Gamma and related lineages were predominant in the second pandemic wave within SC. A regionalization of P.1-like-II in the Western SC region was observed, concomitant to the increase in cases, mortality, and the case fatality rate (CFR) index. This is the first evidence of the regionalization of the SARS-CoV-2 transmission in SC and it highlights the importance of tracking the variants, dispersion, and impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the public health systems.
A Third Dose of the COVID-19 Vaccine, CVnCoV, Increased the Neutralizing Activity against the SARS-CoV-2 Wild-Type and Delta Variant
Authors: Wolz Olaf-Oliver , Kays Sarah-Katharina , Junker Helga , Koch Sven D. , Mann Philipp , Quintini Gianluca , von Eisenhart-Rothe Philipp , Oostvogels Lidia
Published: March 2022

A third dose of CVnCoV, a former candidate mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, was previously shown to boost neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type in adults aged 18–60 and >60 years in a phase 2a clinical study. In the present study, we report the neutralizing antibody responses to a wild-type and a variant of concern, Delta, after a third dose of the vaccine on day (D)57 and D180. Neutralization activity was assessed using a microneutralization assay. Comparable levels of neutralizing antibodies against the wild-type and Delta were induced. These were higher than those observed after the first two doses, irrespective of age or pre-SARS-CoV-2-exposure status, indicating that the first two doses induced immune memory. Four weeks after the third dose on D180, the neutralizing titers for wild-type and Delta were two-fold higher in younger participants than in older participants; seroconversion rates were 100% for wild-type and Delta in the younger group and for Delta in the older group. A third CVnCoV dose induced similar levels of neutralizing responses against wild-type virus and the Delta variant in both naïve and pre-exposed participants, aligning with current knowledge from licensed COVID-19 vaccines that a third dose is beneficial against SARS-CoV-2 variants.
IgG Antibody Response to the Pfizer BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers with Healthy Weight, Overweight, and Obesity
Authors: Bates John T. , Farmer Andrew P. , Bierdeman Michael A. , Ederer Dallas R. , Carney Lauren S. , Montgomery Denise D. , Lirette Seth T. , Marshall Gailen D.
Published: March 2022

Obesity is a significant factor for increased morbidity and mortality upon infection with SARS-CoV-2. Because of the higher potential for negative outcomes following infection of individuals with obesity, the impact of body mass index (BMI) on vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy is an important public health concern. Few studies have measured the magnitude and durability of the vaccine-specific response in relation to BMI. We measured the receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific serum IgG and surrogate neutralizing titers in a cohort of 126 vaccinated individuals with no clinical history or serological evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection 50 and 200 days following vaccination. BMI had no significant impact on RBD-specific IgG titers and surrogate neutralizing titers 50 days following immunization, and leptin levels had no correlation with the response to immunization. Two hundred days following immunization, antibody titers in all groups had declined by approximately 90%. The responses were also similar between male and female participants and did not significantly vary across age groups. These results indicate that the magnitude and durability of the antibody response to mRNA-based vaccines are unaffected by BMI in this cohort.
Cross-Reactivity between Half Doses of Pfizer and AstraZeneca Vaccines—A Preliminary Study
Authors: Lukaszuk Krzysztof , Podolak Amira , Malinowska Paulina , Lukaszuk Jakub , Jakiel Grzegorz
Published: March 2022

Media reports have caused a significant drop in confidence in the AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 COVID-19 vector vaccine (Vaxzevria, AstraZeneca Södertälje, Sweden). This has caused many people, already vaccinated with the first dose of AstraZeneca, to refuse vaccination with this product. On the other hand, the increased demand for mRNA vaccines has resulted in a greater shortage of mRNA vaccines and cases of people being vaccinated with the AstraZeneca vaccine after the first dose of the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine (Comirnaty, Pfizer/BioNTech, Mainz, Germany). Moreover, currently, 60.9% of the global population have received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, while only 10% of people in low-income countries have received at least one dose. Even less people are fully vaccinated. The present pilot study evaluated the administration of half doses of AstraZeneca and Pfizer vaccines and included the enrollment of 26 subjects who were vaccinated with a different vaccine the first and second time. The reference group included individuals undergoing vaccination with two full doses of the Pfizer vaccine (21-day interval) monitored for their antibody levels as part of a parallel study. The distribution of antibody levels was not significantly different between those who received the Pfizer vaccine alone and those receiving the AstraZeneca vaccine plus Pfizer or Pfizer and AstraZeneca. To prepare for the next pandemic waves, solving the problem of the matching of booster vaccine to the previously received doses would be advisable. The topic is important and emerging as most of the population in low-income countries is still not vaccinated. We strongly believe that vaccine equity is the most important aspect of vaccination strategies.
Application of Patient-Specific Instrumentation in a Dog Model with Antebrachial Growth Deformity Using a 3-D Phantom Bone Model
Authors: Lee Hee-Ryung , Adam Gareeballah Osman , Kim Shang-Jin
Published: March 2022

One of the most frequent bone deformities in dogs is antebrachial growth deformity (AGD), which results from malunion of the distal growth plates. The objective of the present study was to re-align the limbs, which can correct the length mismatch and reset the coherence of the joint with the aid of a 3-D phantom model for surgical preplanning. A 14-month-old, intact female Golden Retriever with an angular deformity of the left radius and ulna was selected for the study. The diagnosis was confirmed by orthogonal radiographs. Moreover, computed tomography (CT) scans revealed a multiplane deformity with valgus, procurator, and external rotation of the left radius. The pre-surgical planning started with the quantification of the angular deformity, followed by a simulated virtual osteotomy, and concluded with an in vitro rehearsal surgery on 3-D printed phantom bone models. In the operating room, prefabricated patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) was attached at the planned site of the radial bone surface for a precise closing wedge osteotomy. Then two locking plates were fixed routinely. Post-operative radiographs showed accurate correction of the deformity as we had planned. At 12 weeks post-operatively, the follow-up surveys revealed improved gait, weight-bearing, and progression of bone healing. Our PSI design, based on novel surgical planning, was steady yet straightforward during the osteotomy. The osteotomy was performed without difficulty since the PSI that pre-determined the sites and angles let the surgeon perform the antebrachial malformation surgery. This method of operation reduces stress on the operator and helps to improve accuracy, repeatability, and surgery time.
Assessment of Water Resources in Sana’a Region, Yemen Republic (Case Study)
Authors: Aljawzi Alhasan Ahmed , Fang Hongyuan , Abbas Abdullah A. , Khailah Ebrahim Yahya
Published: March 2022

Yemen is a water-scarce country with inadequate freshwater, considerable groundwater depletion, and a lack of adequate surface water. This study aims to assess water resources and identify the current water situation in Sana’a region, which includes the governorate of Sana’a and the country’s capital, Sana’a city. A variety of data from different sources was collected and analyzed. Remote sensing (RS) and GIS techniques in combination with the Arc Hydro model were utilized. Water demand and supply for domestic and agricultural purposes were estimated. The results show that there is insufficient water to meet the needs of the region’s yearly population growth rates of 3.2 and 4.5% in Sana’a governorate and Sana’a city, respectively. The amount of observed rainfall varies spatially and temporally, ranging between 160 and 367 mm per year. There are 233 water structures, 168 dams, and 65 reservoirs, with a storage capacity of 64.65 and 0.24 Mm3 (million cubic meters), respectively. In Sana’a basin, groundwater abstraction increased significantly from about 25 Mm3 in 1970 to around 330 Mm3 in 2020, while groundwater recharge was about 80 Mm3 in 2020. The estimated water demand for domestic use was in the range of approximately 106–128 and 199–241 Mm3 in Sana’a governorate, whereas in Sana’a city, it was in the range of about 249–302 and 607–737 Mm3 for 2020 and 2040, respectively. The estimated agriculture water demand was between 1.14 and 1.53 Bm3 (billion cubic meters) in 2007, and declined to 801 Mm3 and 1.16 Bm3 in 2018 due to the reduction in the cultivated area by about 33% from 2007 to 2018, which was attributed to a lack of water. The estimated water deficit ranges between 500 and 723 Mm3 during 2007 and 2018. This study concluded that the estimated water supply and demand for the past 12 years from 2007 to 2018 resulted in a supply that was less than the demand in each year, indicating that the available water resources were insufficient to fulfill demand. The significant gap between water supply and demand means withdrawal from the stored groundwater. Thus, groundwater is at high risk. Constructing more water harvesting structures, adopting water conservation, water resource management, and making groundwater artificial recharge are recommended to meet the water demand and conserve non-renewable resources in the coming decades. The results obtained from this study would help decision makers to make appropriate plans to achieve the SDGs in Sana’a region.
Effect of Groundwater Extraction and Artificial Recharge on the Geophysical Footprints of Fresh Submarine Groundwater Discharge in the Western Belgian Coastal Area
Authors: Paepen Marieke , Deleersnyder Wouter , De Latte Sybren , Walraevens Kristine , Hermans Thomas
Published: March 2022

Human activities, such as managed aquifer recharge (MAR) and groundwater pumping, are influencing the natural groundwater flow in coastal areas. This might induce saltwater intrusion and impact fresh submarine groundwater discharge (FSGD). The use of resistivity methods (electrical resistivity tomography and continuous resistivity profiling) in coastal studies is very effective to investigate the salt–freshwater distribution, but it can be difficult to interpret quantitatively. In this study, the Western Belgian coast is investigated with resistivity methods, and image appraisal tools are systematically used to quantitatively interpret inversion models. Synthetic resistivity models, which reflect the existing situation at the Western Belgian coast, are first created and assessed quantitatively by means of the model resolution matrix, cumulative sensitivity matrix, and depth of investigation index. They reveal that no quantitative interpretation is possible of the FSGD, although lateral qualitative changes can be deduced from the inversion models. The field data show freshwater outflow from the lower beach to below the low water line, and they indicate that MAR has a positive impact on FSGD, while groundwater extraction reduces the outflow of freshwater to the North Sea. A comparison with existing groundwater models indicates their inability to reproduce the actual FSGD footprints.
Analysis and Regulation of the Harmonious Relationship among Water, Energy, and Food in Nine Provinces along the Yellow River
Authors: Li Jiawei , Ma Junxia , Yu Lei , Zuo Qiting
Published: March 2022

China has proposed “ecological conservation and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin” to a major national strategy, which puts forward higher requirements for water, energy, and food along the Yellow River (TYR). However, the water–energy–food nexus (WEF) system in TYR basin is very complicated. Based on the theory and method of harmonious regulation, this paper puts forward a new WEF harmony framework (WEFH) to study the harmonious balance of WEF in TYR. WEFH cannot only evaluate the harmonious balance of WEF, but also identify the main influencing factors, and further study the harmonious regulation of WEF. For the key steps of regulation and control, we provide a variety of methods to choose from in this framework. In practice, we apply this framework to the regulation of WEF in the nine provinces along TYR. The results show that during 2005–2018, the harmony degree of WEF in the nine provinces along TYR is between 0.29 and 0.58. The harmony degree of WEF has improved over time, but there is still a lot of room for improvement. Among them, per capita water resources, hydropower generation ratio, carbon emissions, and another 12 indicators have great influence on the harmony of WEF. We have established eight control schemes for nine of these indicators. In eight control schemes, most areas have reached a moderate level of harmony degree. These results show that the framework proposed in this paper is helpful to the comprehensive management of regional WEF and provides a viable scheme for the optimization of WEF.
A Simple Approach to Account for Stage–Discharge Uncertainty in Hydrological Modelling
Authors: Vázquez Raúl F. , Hampel Henrietta
Published: March 2022

The effect of stage–discharge (H-Q) data uncertainty on the predictions of a MIKE SHE-based distributed model was assessed by conditioning the analysis of model predictions at the outlet of a medium-size catchment and two internal gauging stations. The hydrological modelling was carried out through a combined deterministic–stochastic protocol based on Monte Carlo simulations. The approach considered to account for discharge uncertainty was statistically rather simple and based on (i) estimating the H-Q data uncertainty using prediction bands associated with rating curves; (ii) redefining the traditional concept of residuals to characterise model performance under H-Q data uncertainty conditions; and (iii) calculating a global model performance measure for all gauging stations in the framework of a multi-site (MS) test. The study revealed significant discharge data uncertainties on the order of 3 m3 s−1 for the outlet station and 1.1 m3 s−1 for the internal stations. In general, the consideration of the H-Q data uncertainty and the application of the MS-test resulted in remarkably better parameterisations of the model capable of simulating a particular peak event that otherwise was overestimated. The proposed model evaluation approach under discharge uncertainty is applicable to modelling conditions differing from the ones used in this study, as long as data uncertainty measures are available.
Flood Risk Assessment and Its Mapping in Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal, India
Authors: Gayen Sumita , Villalta Ismael Vallejo , Haque Sk Mafizul
Published: March 2022

Floods are one of the most common quasi-natural hazards in costal districts of West Bengal, India and thousands of people are affected every year. From the destruction of crop lands and buildings to the disruption of balance of the environment and the spreading of disease, floods can devastate entire regions. The risk of flood depends on the flood intensity, frequency, and duration, the vulnerability of the people, etc. The spatiality of flood risk is still insufficient at micro level study for the management of resource disasters. In consequence, the present study on ‘flood risk mapping’ is performed in Purba Medinipur (one of the coastal districts of West Bengal, India) by considering the flood frequency and vulnerability of the people as flood risk components. The frequency of floods from 2002 to 2019 is considered as a variable of assessment and twenty-five key indicators are employed to understand the vulnerability of the people of the region. From the analysis, Moyna emerges as the highest flood risk prone block and Contai-I is the least flood prone block of the district. The results can help to minimize the chances of death, injury, loss, or harm and establish a good disaster management plan against floods.
Some Considerations for Using Numerical Methods to Simulate Possible Debris Flows: The Case of the 2013 and 2020 Wayao Debris Flows (Sichuan, China)
Authors: Zhang Xianzheng , Tang Chenxiao , Yu Yajie , Tang Chuan , Li Ning , Xiong Jiang , Chen Ming
Published: March 2022

Using a numerical simulation method based on physical equations to obtain the debris flow risk range is important for local-scale debris flow risk assessment. While many debris flow models have been used to reproduce processes after debris flow occurrence, their predictability in potentially catastrophic debris flow scenarios has mostly not been evaluated in detail. Two single-phase flow models and two two-phase models were used to reproduce the Wayao debris flow event in 2013. Then the Wayao debris flow event in 2020 was predicted by the four models with the same parameters in 2013. The depth distributions of the debris source and deposition fan were mapped by visual interpretation, electric resistivity surveys, field measurements, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys. The digital elevation model (DEM), rainfall data, and other simulation parameters were collected. These models can reproduce the geometry and thickness distribution of the debris flow fan in 2013. However, the predictions of the runout range and the deposition depth are quite different from the actuality in 2020. The performance and usability of these models are compared and discussed. This could provide a reference for selecting physical models to assess debris-flow risk.
Cerebral strokes in patients with COVID-19
Authors:   SBEI HE Far Eastern State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Neurological Department No. 1, RSBHI Regional Clinical Hospital named after professor O. V. Vladimirtsev, Zakharycheva Tatyana Adolfovna , Avramenko Sergey Pavlovich ,   Institute for Advanced Training of Healthcare Specialists of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Region, RSBHI Regional Clinical Hospital named after professor O. V. Vladimirtsev, Trunova Viktoriya Evgenievna ,   RSBHI Regional Clinical Hospital named after professor O.V. Vladimirtsev, 1b, Pavlovicha str., Khabarovsk, Ivanchenko E. V. ,   RSBHI Regional Clinical Hospital named after professor O.V. Vladimirtsev,  Khabarovsk, Senchikov P. P. ,   RSBHI Regional Clinical Hospital named after professor O.V. Vladimirtsev,  Khabarovsk, Malysheva A. V. ,   RSBHI Regional Clinical Hospital named after professor O.V. Vladimirtsev,  Khabarovsk, Frolova M. A. ,   RSBHI Regional Clinical Hospital named after professor O.V. Vladimirtsev,  Khabarovsk, S. L. S. L. ,   RSBHI Regional Clinical Hospital named after professor O.V. Vladimirtsev,  Khabarovsk, Bronenkova L. V. ,   RSBHI Regional Clinical Hospital named after professor O.V. Vladimirtsev,  Khabarovsk, Bochkareva M. A. ,   RSBHI Regional Clinical Hospital named after professor O.V. Vladimirtsev,  Khabarovsk, Dudina G. A. ,   RSBHI Regional Clinical Hospital named after professor O.V. Vladimirtsev,  Khabarovsk
Published: March 2022

The article presents the results of studying the course and outcomes of cerebral strokes in 306 patients with COVID-19 (main group) and 306 patients without the novel coronavirus infection (control group). Compared with the control group, in the group of patients with stroke and the novel coronavirus infection, no significant gender and age differences were found. In both groups, women traditionally predominated (57.2% in the main and 61.8% in the control group) and the age range was 60-89 years (83.0% and 89.4%, respectively). All patients from the comparison groups had premorbid risk factors for the development of stroke: chronic cardiovascular diseases (arterial hypertension, hyperglycemia, arrhythmias, dyslipidemia) and, accordingly, high risks of extracerebral complications and unfavorable outcomes of the disease. It was found that in patients with stroke and COVID-19, severe and extremely severe neurological disorders prevailed (31.7% and 38.9%, respectively). Hemispheric localization of brain lesions prevailed over brainstem and cerebellar, and the course of the disease in 60.1% of cases was complicated by the development of multisegmental pneumonia with a predominance of moderate (34.2%), severe (29.4%) and critical (21.2%) lesions. The above features could have a negative impact on the outcomes of the disease, which was manifested by an increase in mortality in the main group of patients by 2.2 times compared with the control group.
Features of calculation of state social security charges by medical companies — small and medium-sized enterprises
Authors:   Institute of Law and Management, Moscow City University, Moscow, Shinkareva O.V. , Evdokimova U.V. ,   Moscow Metropolitan Governance Yury Luzhkov University, Moscow
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of calculating state social security charges by organizations that are small and medium-sized enterprises in accordance with the Federal Law of July 24, 2007 N 209-FL “On the Development of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Russian Federation”. The conditions of application of reduced tariffs were considered, it was noted that for the application of reduced rates it is necessary to enter the Unified Register of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. Issues related to the application of reduced tariffs in the calculation of state social security charges accrued for payments under civil contracts, as well as situations in which the application of reduced state social security charges rates and the actions of the accountant in this case cease, were analyzed. Practical examples of calculating state social security charges at reduced tariffs taking into account the federal minimum wage effective from January 1, 2022 are considered.
Credit scoring models in risk assessment and the specifics of their application in banks of Uzbekistan
Authors: Abdullayev N. ..
Published: March 2022

In the context of constantly recurring global financial and economic crises, increasing competition, risks and uncertainties that shake the national financial systems, solving the problems of ensuring financial stability, solvency, and security of the banking sector is of great importance. The functions implemented by the banking system require the introduction and use of modern innovative financial technologies, which is especially important for developing economies, which include the Republic of Uzbekistan. The analysis of effective banking practices of foreign countries has shown that credit scoring models are a modern risk management tool that provides a qualitative assessment of the creditworthiness of borrowers. The level of development of the banking system of Uzbekistan in the conditions of the digital economy, the focus of the state, business and the population on the use of financial innovations allowed us to establish the features of the use of credit scoring models in risk assessment and formulate proposals to increase the capitalization, profitability and competitiveness of the subjects of the banking sector of the country.
Development of theoretical views on the categories «ecosystem» and «innovation ecosystem»
Authors: Fadeikina N. .. , Malina S. ..
Published: March 2022

An ecosystem can be either a biogeocenosis created by nature, or an artificial environment created by man. Strong conceptual analogies can be drawn between the artificial environment, for example, the innovation ecosystem, and the biological ecosystem, which is demonstrated in this article, which shows the development of theoretical views on the categories of «ecosystem» (natural, biological) and «innovation ecosystem».
Entrepreneurial activity as a competitive advantage of an organization in the post-pandemic period
Authors: Averyanova T. .. , Razomasova E. ..
Published: March 2022

The article presents the results of the author’s study of the relationship between entrepreneurial activity and the search for ways to stabilize the activities of organizations in post-crisis conditions. Changes in the economic results of small and medium-sized enterprises in the post-pandemic period are formulated. The concept of entrepreneurial activity is studied. The factors influencing the economic potential of the region and the factors of entrepreneurial activity influencing the recovery of the financial condition of organizations in 2021 are systematized. The article analyzes the vision and understanding of the importance of entrepreneurial activity among managers and entrepreneurs in modern economic conditions.
The concept and genesis of integrated reporting in the triad "state - society - business"
Authors: Fadeikina N. . , Saprykina O. . , Bryukhanova N. .
Published: March 2022

The article summarizes the research results of the authors of this article, other domestic and foreign scientists and practitioners who have devoted their work to the formation of corporate non-financial reporting, the study of the causes of the emergence and development of integrated reporting, as well as its main functions, including information-analytical, coordinating, regulatory functions and goal-setting functions. The stages of formation and development of integrated reporting are structured and their key events are commented on. The influence of the theory of rational expectations, institutional theory, market value theory, theory of organizational behavior, the concept of dynamic abilities on the development of integrated reporting is evaluated. The author substantiates the fact that the development of the theory of corporate governance based on the ideology of successful development, integration of the interests of companies with national socio-economic interests, requires modernization of the methodology of integrated corporate reporting, combining financial and non-financial reports (and indicators characterizing them) into a single model, which will increase the degree of openness and accountability of the company, the quality of external, internal audit and the effectiveness of its activities. According to the authors, the unified concept of corporate integrated reporting should be structured around the strategic objectives of the company, its business model and corporate governance model, focused on improving the quality of interaction with stakeholders, achieving sustainable success and transition to sustainable investment. Special attention is paid to the domestic Concept of development of public non-financial reporting and evaluation of its Implementation Plan.
Mishin Kamik Cave: an unusual Pleistocene site in Northwestern Bulgaria
Authors: Gurova Maria , Ivanova Stefanka
Published: March 2022

Bulgaria encompasses most of the Balkan migratory corridor (part of the so-called Danubian corridor) which facilitated the dispersal of mammals and Homo populations into and out of Europe. In spite of the scarcity of human fossil remains, the rich evidence of more than 20 Palaeolithic sites in Bulgaria suggests long-term human presence and various activities. Northwestern Bulgaria is known for the massive karstic formations in the area around the present-day town of Belogradchik. Three important Palaeolithic settlements have been excavated there, namely the caves of Kozarnika, Magura and Mishin Kamik. This paper presents the results of five short but intensive excavation campaigns in Mishin Kamik Cave. No human fossil remains or lithic artefacts have been recovered. However, the excavations produced several bone artefacts and a number of intriguing features, including an apparently intentional arrangement of bear skulls, which suggest the cave was visited by humans at the end of the Middle Pleistocene.
On the Middle Palaeolithic leaf points from Bulgaria (South East Europe)
Authors: Танева Станимира
Published: March 2022

This study presents the Middle Palaeolithic leaf points discovered on the territory of Bulgaria. The context of their discovery is various : from archaeological excavations, field surveys, various collections, or isolated finds. There are 11 sites on the territory of Bulgaria with leaf points : Muselievo, Samuilitsa II Cave, Vasil Levski Cave, Orlova Chuka Cave, Madara, Kozarnika Cave, Temnata Cave, Redaka II Cave, Shiroka Polyana Dam, Vrashka Chuka, Ruse. Except for the leaf points from the surroundings of Shiroka Polyana Dam, all the pieces were discovered in Northern Bulgaria. Most of the points come from assemblages associated with the Levallois-Mousterian industry, while others have no stratigraphic context (Malkata Peshtera in Madara, Vrashka Chuka, Ruse, Redaka II). During the Middle Palaeolithic, the distribution of leaf points covered almost all Bulgaria, becoming more abundant towards the end of this period. The artefacts from Muselievo and Samuilitsa II dating from the period of 60.000– 45.000 BP endorse such a conclusion. The points from Vasil Levski, Orlova Chuka, Redaka, Vrashka Chuka, Madara, Ruse, and Shiroka Polyana can also be attributed to the same time period. Special attention must be given to the deposit near Muselievo. Defined as a workshop for the production of leaf points (one of the few sites of the kind in Europe), it allows for a more accurate and detailed study of this kind of tools.
The Aurignacian in the Carpathian Basin of Eastern Central Europe and its Proto-Aurignacian industry type
Authors: Demidenko Yuri E. , Škrdla Petr , Rácz Béla , Nemergut Adrián , Béres Sándor
Published: March 2022

Articolul de față este primul dintr-o serie dedicată Aurignacianului, tipurilor de industrii și a posibilelor variații cronologice pe cuprinsul unei arii largi din Europa : Bazinul Carpatic și Europa Centrală și de Est. Studiul nostru propune definirea a patru tipuri de industrii aurignaciene : Proto-Aurignacian/ Aurignacian 0 ; Aurignacian timpuriu/ Aurignacian I ; Aurignacian Mijlociu/ Aurignacian II ; Aurignacian Evoluat cu microlite tip Góra Puławska II. Articolul de față este dedicat cu precădere siturilor proto-aurignaciene și înțelegerii complexității și variabilității industriilor litice ale acestora. În unele publicații, bazate pe încadrări și interpretări eronate ale materialului litic, se încearcă demonstrarea amestecului elementelor proto-aurignaciene cu cele aurignaciene timpurii, rezultând așa-numitul ” Aurignacian 0.5” în Banat (sudul Bazinului Carpatic) ; noi demonstrăm statutul proto-aurignacian clar al tuturor siturilor din Bazinul Carpatic, cu unele rezerve în ce privește situl Krems-Hundssteig, din Austria Inferioară. Mai mult, Proto-Aurignacianul din Bazinul Carpatic se încadrează foarte bine în schema Acquitană a Aurignacianului. O anumită variabilitate este explicabilă prin existența a diferite tipuri de situri cu tipuri specifice de activități, după cum este cazul siturilor din Ucraina Transcarpatică. Astfel, existența unei variabilități la nivelul industriilor litice nu face decât să întărească viabilitatea modelului francez.
The Palaeolithic sequence of the Arma dell’Aquila (Finale Ligure, Savona, North-western Italy)
Authors: Biagi Paolo , Starnini Elisabetta
Published: March 2022

The excavations carried out in the rock-shelter of Arma dell’Aquila by C. Richard in 1938 and 1940 led to the discovery of a thick stratigraphy, the lowermost deposit of which yielded evidence of different periods of Upper Palaeolithic occupation. The recent re-examination of the knapped stone assemblages, and the radiocarbon dating of two Palaeolithic layers, have shown that the site was briefly occupied most probably during the beginning of the Upper Palaeolithic and the Early Epigravettian OIS-2 cold stage.
Les stations paléolithiques de Mitoc, sur le Prut (Roumanie)
Authors: Chirica Vasile , Noiret Pierre , Nigst Philip R. , Chirica Valentin-Codrin , Bosch Marjolein D. , Libois Timothée
Published: March 2022

Primele descoperiri paleolitice în România au avut loc în secolul al XIX-lea, în zona Mitoc (județul Botoșani). Dintre acestea, cinci stațiuni principale au beneficiat de săpături sistematice, atestând prezența unor industrii caracteristice Paleoliticului mijlociu și celui Superior (Aurignacian, Gravettian și Epipaleolitic). Unele situri au scos la lumină industrii amestecate, altele, cum este Malu Galben, se caracterizează prin industrii mai bine conservate, studiate și înțelese.
Gravettian and Epigravettian personal ornaments in Eastern Carpathians
Authors: Cârciumaru Marin , Nițu Elena-Cristina , Cârstina Ovidiu , Obadă Theodor , Ionuț Lupu Florin , Leu Marian
Published: March 2022

Paleoliticul superior din estul Carpaților este caracterizat printr-o densitate mare de situri, majoritatea aparținând cronologic Gravetianului sau Epigravetianului. În scopul identificării unor diferențe și/ sau similitudini în manifestarea culturală a comunităților paleolitice din siturile localizate între Carpați și Nistru, studiul nostru se va concentra pe analiza podoabelor din această regiune. Rezultatele indică existența unor perioade în care astfel de obiecte sunt numeroase în anumite situri, precum și diferențe notabile ale tipurilor de podoabe în cazul unor locuiri apropiate cronologic.
Recent archaeological researches in the Vârghiș Gorges karst area (Eastern Carpathians, Romania). A synthesis of the 2014–2020 campaigns
Authors: Cosac Marian , Murătoreanu George , Veres Daniel , Niţă Loredana , Schmidt Cristoph , Hambach Ulrich , Radu Alexandru , Cuculici Roxana , Buzea Dan Lucian , Ștefan Dan , Mărgărit Monica , Vasile Ştefan , Dumitraşcu Valentin , Roşu Mariana , Petculescu Alexandru , Sava Tiberiu , Georgescu Valentin , Șerbănescu Gabriel , Geambașu Ionel
Published: March 2022

The Vârghiș Gorges karst system (Perșani Mountains, Eastern Carpathians) constituted a point of interest for speleologists, paleontologists and archaeologists since the second half of the 19th century. Their efforts succeeded in highlighting the notable archaeological potential of the area, although the actual research results were not always thoroughly reported. Since 2014, our team reunited specialists from 10 different institutions and various fields of research and initiated archaeological excavations, coupled with achaeozoological, sedimentological and chronometric investigations, in several caves within the Vârghiș Gorges. As the paper below will show, although the results obtained so far are definitively informative, further investigation are clearly needed, in order to accurately clarify aspects pertaining to the intricate cultural and chronological framework.
Zooarchaeological analysis of the faunal remains from the Palaeolithic site of La Adam Cave (Dobrogea, SE Romania) – new data from recent excavations
Authors: Vasile Ştefan , Dumitraşcu Valentin
Published: March 2022

Săpăturile arheologice efectuate recent (2006– 2009) în situl paleolitic din Peștera La Adam (Dobrogea Centrală, sud-estul României) au furnizat numeroase resturi fosile, care au fost analizate în scopul obținerii mai multor informații asupra asociației faunistice din Pleistocenul târziu în zona peșterii, asupra contribuțiilor animalelor și omului la acumularea oaselor în interiorul peșterii, și asupra proceselor tafonomice prezente în sit. Resturile faunistice analizate au fost foarte fragmentare, fapt care nu a permis, în cazul celor mai multe, o determinare taxonomică mai precisă. Totuși, numeroase specimene prezintă urme de coroziune chimică și semne ale mușcăturilor unor carnivore, doar câteva prezentând semne de activitate antropică. Peștera pare să fi funcționat în special ca adăpost pentru carnivore, resturile ursului de peșteră dominând numeric. Alte carnivore mari, cum ar fi hienele de peșteră, au contribuit de asemenea, cel mai probabil, la acumularea oaselor, rumegătoarele de dimensiuni mari și medii reprezentând cel mai frecvent prada acestora.
Apoptotic And Antiangiogenic Effects of Noscapine In Human Lung Cancer (A549) Cells
Authors: İSLAM İzzet , KARAGÖZ Alper , AYTUĞ Hande , BULDUK İbrahim , KARABAĞ ÇOBAN Doç. Dr. Funda
Published: March 2022

Objective: Lung cancer, one of the most important health problems today, is the most common type of cancer that causes death in both women and men.

Although A549 lung cells originating from human alveolar carcinoma cells match the type II alveolar cell phenotype, it also has many characteristics that human primary alveolar epithelial cells have.

Noscapine consists of the components in the poppy somniferum (opium). It was first isolated from Papaver somniferum (opium) in 1817. It consists of the most abundant opioids found in the opium plant (up to 10% of the total composition) after morphine. It is also known as Narcotine, Nectodon, Nospen, Anarcotine and (archaic) Opiane, and S is an (-) isomer with R stereochemistry (S stereochemistry in phthalid-carbon and R in isoquinoline-carbon). Noscapine is structurally and chemically different from other opium alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine and narcein.The aim of the study the ınvestıgatıon of the apoptotıc and antıangıogenıc effects of noscapine ın human lung cancer (A549) cells.

Materials and Methods: In the study, concentrations of 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm, 25 ppm, 40 ppm, 50 ppm, 60 ppm, 65 ppm, 70 ppm, 75 ppm, 80 ppm, 90 ppm and 100 ppm were used in the proliferation experiment proportion of vitality values. It was observed that it decreased and the LD50 value was determined as 40 ppm. Statistical analysis used: Statistical analysis of the analyzes was performed using SPSS Statistics 20,0 program.

Results: VEGF values decreased at 20 ppm, 40 ppm and 80 ppm noscapine concentrations compared to the control group. There was a significant decrease in PARP values at 80 ppm.

Conclusions: As a result of the findings; It is thought that concentrations of noscapine 10 ppm, 20 ppm and 40 ppm can reduce angiogenesis and prevent metastasis by lowering VEGF levels. PARP levels decreased at all noscapine concentrations but the most significant difference was seen at 80 ppm noscapine concentration.
Effect of α-pinene and thymoquinone on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neuroprogenitor cells
Authors: Ishaque Aisha , Khan Irfan , Salim Asmat , Qazi Rida-e-Maria , Malick Tuba Shakil , Adli Durriyyah Sharifah Hasan
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Neurodegenerative diseases are accompanied by loss of neuronal function and integrity. Stem cell therapy is utilized to regenerate neurons to repair the damaged area. Regeneration potential of stem cells can be enhanced by using chemicals with known bioactive properties. In the current study, two bioactive compounds, α-pinene (AP) and thymoquinone (TQ) were explored for their neuronal differentiation potential of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods: MSCs were isolated, cultured and characterized immunocytochemically for the presence of specific surface markers. Optimized concentrations of both compounds (20 µM AP and 12 µM TQ) as determined by MTT assay, were used to treat MSCs in separate and combined groups. All groups were assessed for the presence of neuronal, astroglial, and germ layer markers through qPCR. Neuronal and glial protein expression were analyzed by immunocytochemistry. Results: Both compounds alone and in combination induced differentiation in MSCs with significant gene expression of neuronal markers i.e. neuron specific enolase (NSE), nestin, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), neurofilament light chain (Nefl) and Tau, and astroglial marker i.e. glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). AP treated group also showed significant upregulation of endodermal and mesodermal markers indicating transition of ectoderm towards the other two germ layers. Conclusion: This study concludes that AP and TQ potentially differentiate MSCs into neuronal and astroglial lineages. However, AP treated group followed germ layer transition. Expression of neuronal as well as glial markers indicate that the differentiated neurons are at the neuroprogenitor stage and can be potential candidates for cellular therapeutics against neurodegenerative disorders.
Recent advancements in cell-based models for auditory disorders
Authors: Langlie Jake , Finberg Ariel , Bencie Nathalie B. , Mittal Jeenu , Omidian Hossein , Omidi Yadollah , Mittal Rahul , Eshraghi Adrien A.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Cell-based models play an important role in understanding the pathophysiology and etiology of auditory disorders. For the auditory system, models have primarily focused on restoring inner and outer hair cells. However, they have largely underrepresented the surrounding structures and cells that support the function of the hair cells. Methods: In this article, we will review recent advancements in the evolution of cell-based models of auditory disorders in their progression towards three dimensional (3D) models and organoids that more closely mimic the pathophysiology in vivo. Results: With the elucidation of the molecular targets and transcription factors required to generate diverse cell lines of the components of inner ear, research is starting to progress from two dimensional (2D) models to a greater 3D approach. Of note, the 3D models of the inner ear, including organoids, are relatively new and emerging in the field. As 3D models of the inner ear continue to evolve in complexity, their role in modeling disease will grow as they bridge the gap between cell culture and in vivo models. Conclusion: Using 3D cell models to understand the etiology and molecular mechanisms underlying auditory disorders holds great potential for developing more targeted and effective novel therapeutics.
Modern Representation of Periventricular Leukomalacia Genesis in Premature Newborns
Authors: Жевнеронок И.В. , Шалькевич Л.В. , Лунь А.В.
Published: March 2022

В статье представлены данные о механизмах возникновения, факторах риска, частоте встречаемости перивентрикулярной лейкомаляции (ПВЛ) у недоношенных новорожденных. Приведены классификационные признаки различных типов ПВЛ, указываются диагностические возможности нейросонографии и магнитно-резонансной томографии в ее определении. Описаны клинические проявления и исходы данной патологии.

The article has data on the mechanisms of occurrence, risk factors, the frequency of occurrence of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) in premature infants. The classification features of various types of PVL are given, the diagnostic capabilities of neurosonography and magnetic resonance imaging in its definition are indicated. There is a description of the clinical manifestations and outcomes of this pathology.
Pulpitis of Primary Teeth. Therapy
Authors: Рубникович С.П. , Андреева В.А. , Бинцаровская Г.В. , Валеева З.Р. , Кузьменко Е.В.
Published: March 2022

Сохранение всех временных зубов до прорезывания постоянных зубов является одной из важнейших задач детской стоматологии. Тактика и выбор метода лечения пульпитов у детей зависит от ряда факторов: возраста и общего состояния ребенка, контактности его и родителей, кариесрезистентности, степени активности течения кариозного процесса, формы пульпита, стадии формирования корней.Сравнительный анализ результатов витальной пульпотомии и девитальной ампутации выявил значительную эффективность витальной пульпотерапии – 79,8–84,2% по сравнению с девитальной – 38,8–45,3%.В данном сообщении представлены современные витальные методы лечения пульпитов в зависимости от клиники, возраста ребенка и степени формирования корней, а также используемых материалов.

Saving of all primary teeth before eruption of permanent teeth is one of the most important tasks in pediatric dentistry. Treatment tactics and choice of pulp therapy method in children depend on several factors: age and general health of the child, patient’s cooperation, caries resistance, level of caries activity, form of pulpitis, stage of root formation.A comparative analysis of the results of vital pulpotomy and devital amputation revealed a significant effectiveness of vital pulp therapy – 79.8–84.2% compared to devital – 38.8–45.3%.This report introduces contemporary vital methods of pulp treatment depending on the clinic picture, child’s age, and root formation stage, along with the materials used.
LGES: contradicciones y realidades del nuevo marco legal para la educación superior y la universidad autónoma
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Aboites Hugo
Published: March 2022

La Ley General de Educación Superior generó grandes expectativas para finiquitar la gestión neoliberal de la educación superior e impulsar reformas institucionales, sobre todo en las públicas y autónomas, que padecen problemas financieros, autonómicos, laborales y estudiantiles. Sin embargo, la Ley es contradictoria porque si bien incluye preceptos y demandas históricos, también anula sus promesas y alcances. Al respecto, se observa una serie de contradicciones sobre los derechos a la educación, la gratuidad, así como en la ampliación de la matrícula, la privatización, la política neoliberal de evaluación y acreditación, la política de precarización y diferenciación laboral, los estudiantes y la falta de democracia universitaria para el ejercicio de la libertad de cátedra, expresión de las ideas e investigación. Además, la Ley sujeta a las instituciones a un Sistema y un Consejo de Coordinación, que representan un esquema de control e intervención, donde la coordinación de la educación superior y las universidades autónomas recae en la Secretaría de Educación Pública y los gobiernos de los estados. El único recurso está en retomar la historia centenaria de resistencias y luchas universitarias.