bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors in an urban area of West Bengal, India
Authors: Sikder Rajib , Mukherjee Dipankar , Pattanayak Ujjwal , Majumdar Kunal Kanti , Kundu Subha Sankha , Dey Rituraj , Joardar Gautam Kumar
Published: August 2020

Background: Vaccine hesitancy is delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite availability of vaccine services. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and factors associated and contributing to vaccine hesitancy for childhood vaccinations in Rajpur-Sonarpur municipalty of south 24 parganas, India.Methods: A cross‑sectional study was done among 352 children aged 0-59 months. Hesitancy to all childhood vaccination including the birth doses were observed. By simple random sampling ward no 8 was selected among the 37 wards of Rajpur-Sonarpur municipalty. All the vaccination center of ward no 8 on various vaccination days were covered from July 2019- December 2019. Data were collected at these vaccination centers by interviewing parents /associates of the children. Validated version of vaccine hesitancy survey questionnaire by the World Health Organization was used.Results: Vaccine hesitancy was present among 103 (29%) parents/relatives /associates of children. Delay was more common for measles and the booster doses of other vaccines. Reluctance to vaccinate was the most common reason (26.2%) for vaccine hesitancy. About 15(15.4%) parents reported to be unaware or confused of when to vaccinate their children. Improper counselling by health care givers, illness or irritability of the child were other causes.Conclusions: To avoid delay in vaccination weekly vaccination days were recommended. Community level campaigning and home visit of those eligible children to generate awareness about vaccination and to avoid reluctance in parents/associates of children were suggested.
Prospective observational study of risk factors and maternofetal outcome of placenta previa at LMICs
Authors: Verma Manju Lata , Singh Uma , Solanki Vandana , Singh Amrita , Sachan Rekha , Sankhwar Pushp Lata
Published: August 2020

Background: This study was conducted to assess incidence, risk factors, maternal and fetal outcome in patients of placenta previa (PP).Methods: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King George Medical University, Lucknow. Hospital based prospective observational study. Patients attending to the antenatal outdoor patient unit with diagnosis of PP and patients coming to emergency with the complaints of antepartum hemorrhage (APH) because of placenta previa. Detailed history, clinical examination, imaging by transabdominal ultrasound, antenatal complications, per-operative findings, maternal and fetal outcome were assessed. Qualitative variables were compared using Chi square test/ Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 21.Results: Incidence of PP was 2.8% (271/9404). Mean age was 28.23±4.58 years. 37.3%, delivered between 28-33.6 weeks. 229 (84.5%) had emergency LSCS. 205 (75.6%) cases of placenta previa had active bleeding. 53 (19.6%) cases had PPH and 2 maternal mortalities occurred due to hemorrhagic shock.Conclusions: Placenta previa is associated with definitely poor maternal and fetal outcome which can be better managed with multidisciplinary team work.
Awareness, anxiety and coping regarding COVID-19 among South Indian population: web based cross sectional survey
Authors: Kanagaraj Puvaneswari , Kanagaraj Anbueswari , Srinivasan Madhusheela , Jacob Jessy , Philip Mariamma
Published: August 2020

Background: COVID-19, a highly infectious pandemic illness, has caused stress in everyone globally. It is a new situation, where no one is prepared to battle. With the currently available data, health care and the government makes guidelines and fights against this pandemic. The cooperation of the public is highly important to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19.Methods: A web based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 519 participants using convenience snowballing technique to assess the awareness, anxiety, and coping strategies regarding COVID-19 from 14 May 2020 to 24 May 2020. The validated online Google form questionnaire consisted of demographic variables, questionnaire related to awareness on COVID-19, anxiety related to COVID-19, and coping strategies. The analysis was done using both the descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The majority of them were graduates and postgraduates. And 78% of them reported that no COVID-19 positive cases were identified in their area. The awareness score was 7.47±1.37 (median=8, range: 1-10). And the overall anxiety regarding COVID-19 was 47.74±11.58 (Range 17-85). On average, participants practiced 4 coping strategies ranged from 1-8 mainly ‘talking to friends and family’ and ‘taking care of diet’.  Awareness was positively correlated with behavioral anxiety (r=0.103, p=0.019) and the number of coping strategies used (r=0.146, p=0.001).Conclusions: The study showed that awareness was positively associated with hand washing, social distancing which are the parts of preventive activities. Health promotion activities in terms of health education can improve the behavioural change.
Effect of lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of pre-medical students of Maharashtra
Authors: Khetan Moksh S. , Vaishnao Lohit S. , Kewalramani Mahek
Published: August 2020

Background: The worldwide rapid increase of infected cases of COVID-19 has created a sense of uncertainty and anxiety about what is going to happen. The Government of India ordered the complete lockdown in nation. As a result the pre-medical exam has been postponed with no definite date. It has also lead to unfavourable effects on the learning and psychological health of students.Aim: To evaluate and analyse the prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among pre-medical students of Maharashtra using DASS-21.Methods: It was an online survey which was conducted using Google Forms with link sent using WhatsApp. A standard DASS-21 questionnaire was used for the study. The survey questionnaire would take around 3-4 min to complete. Total 324 responses were received by the stipulated time.Results: The study showed that the people of age group less than 20 years were more depressed in this lockdown crisis as compared to those of age above 20 years. In the present study, 44 respondents of age less than 20 years had very high levels of anxiety while in the age group of above 20 there were 25 such respondents. The relationship between anxiety level and age was statistically significant. When compared on the stress scale it was found that females of age less than 20 years were under maximum stress. Conclusion: Index survey suggested that the pandemic affected the preparation of the respondents to a great extent and affected their mental status negatively.
Snapshot of stress and anxiety related to COVID-19 among health care professionals of central India
Authors: Ukey Ujwala , Sharma Sarita , Rathod Pragati , Patil Sonali , Narlawar Uday , Morey Suresh
Published: August 2020

Background: Health care professionals are particularly vulnerable to emotional distress in the COVID-19 pandemic, due to risk of exposure to the virus, concern about infecting and caring for their loved ones, longer work hours, and involvement in emotionally and ethically fraught resource allocation decisions. The sudden role reversal from healthcare provider to the confirmed or suspected patient potentially leads to a sense of frustration. During the COVID-19 battle the doctors and nurses in India are handling increased infection risk, paucity of protective gear, and assault.Methods: An online questionnaire based cross sectional study was conducted among health care professionals in a tertiary health care setting in central India.  Proforma had questions on impact of COVID 19, mental well being, stress and anxiety.Results: Of the 237 study participants, 182 had moderate and 25 had high stress. Anxiety was present in 46%. There was a significant difference in stress (χ2=11.22, p<0.001) and anxiety (χ2=6.6712, p=0.009) in study participants <40 years and ≥40 years age. Multivariate logistic regression showed significant role of sleep and appetite disturbances. Positive correlation was established between perceived stress and anxiety (R=0.713).Conclusions: A state of good mental well-being despite the presence of stress and anxiety simultaneously indicates.
A cross sectional study of contraceptive use and reasons for unmet needs among mothers attending immunisation clinic at tertiary care centre of central India
Authors: Dethe Archana , Kaswan Pradeep , Shidam Umakant G. , Gawande Bhagyashree S. , Kaur Daljeet
Published: August 2020

Background: Unmet need of contraception remains a national problem. The study was conducted among the mothers attending immuno-prophylaxis clinic (IPC) at tertiary care centre of central India to determine the use of different types of contraception and assess the unmet need for contraception along with the reasons associated with the unmet needs of contraception. Aim and objective was to study the contraceptive use, reasons for unmet needs amongst the mothers attending IPC and some related factors.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted during the period from February-April 2016 at IPC in tertiary care setting. In this study 280 mothers attending IPC for Measles and DPT 1st booster of their child were enrolled. The sample population was selected by simple random sampling method. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents with written informed consent.Results: This study shows that, 65% of mother told they were practicing any type of family planning method. Unmet need for contraception was 37.14 per cent. Among those having unmet need (n=104), fear of side effects (41.35%), infrequent sex (25%) were the common reasons for unmet need. Religion, age of marriage, age at 1st pregnancy, education, socioeconomic status, occupation of husband, counselling about contraceptives during ANC/PNC visits and resumption of menses were significantly associated with the use of contraceptives.Conclusions: The unmet need for contraception was quite high. Most of the study subjects were not using contraception due to fear of side effects and lack of knowledge.
Plate waste of inpatients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Rafisa Anggun
Published: August 2020

Background: The nutrition services of inpatient with diabetes mellitus is very important because dietary management is the key to controlling blood glucose level. Ensuring the patient to consume all the food served by the hospital or reduce the plate waste may help patients to meet their nutritional needs. This study aimed to investigate plate waste of inpatient with diabetes mellitus in hospitals and its contributing factors so the quality of food service in the hospital could be enhanced.Methods: The sample of the study was 22 inpatient with diabetes mellitus at Al Islam Hospital in Bandung, Indonesia from November 2014 to February 2015. The patient's plate waste at breakfast, lunch and dinner for 2 days was weighed using an electronic scale. Patients were also interviewed to find out the reasons for wasting food.  Results: The overall mean of plate waste in this study was 13.26% of food served. Porridge was the type of food that had the highest mean percentage of plate waste (17.38%). Vegetables were the second-highest wasted food (17.05%). Loss of appetite, lack of knowledge, cold food temperature and large main plate portion were the reasons for food wastage.Conclusions: The type of food that wasted the most by inpatient with diabetes mellitus was porridge and vegetables. Improving the quality of food service and delivery as well as increasing the role of health workers to educate and encourage patients to eat while under treatment in hospitals are interventions that can be done to reduce the amount of inpatient plate waste.
Immunization status of children attending immunization clinic at a tertiary care government hospital of Agra district
Authors: Mehto Amit Kumar , Negi Rudresh , Sembiah Sembagamuthu
Published: August 2020

Background: Immunization coverage in India has increased over the decades and has led to decrease in child mortality. However challenges remain in terms of partial and no immunization and its causes. This study assesses the immunization status of children attending the immunization clinic and the reasons for partial or non-immunization at tertiary care government hospital of Agra district.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study and included all children between ages 9 months and 5 years during the study period. A pre-design, semi-structured, face validated and pilot tested was used after written informed consent of care givers. Data was analysed using SPSS.Results: Of the 652 children enrolled the mean age was 24.2 months. Most of the children were born in an institution (95.2%) and were from an urban area (81.9%). More than one-thirds of the children, 40.2% (n=262) were fully immunized for their age. Of the 390 partially or unimmunized the most common cause was no knowledge of vaccination‎/next dose (n=120, 30.8%) and inaccessibility/transport issues (n=120, 30.8%). On logistic regression sex of the child, mother’s education and occupation, family type were found to be significantly associated with the immunization status.Conclusions: This study indicated low full immunization and high partial immunization among attendees of immunization clinic in the institution; with lack of knowledge and transport difficulties being the primary reasons for it.
Fuel consumption and expenditure among rural population of Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu: a cross sectional study
Authors: Ranganathan Karnaboopathy , Dhanagopalan Venkatesan , Tharumaraj Muthukumar , Annadurai Kalaivani
Published: August 2020

Background: There are two kinds living in the world. They are human beings and animals. The human begins of the pre-historic age lived like animals with little knowledge of a system of social advancement. The households in the rural and urban area are facing the difficult situation act spending of fuel consumption. A moderately large amount of the revenue of the households has to be set separately aside for the expenditure on fuel.Methods: This study was a community based cross-sectional study to assess the fuel consumption, 150 households were included in the study.Results: In the study population 75.33% (113) were male and 24.67% (37) were female. Among the study participants 39.33% of the households are using LPG followed by 24% are using firewood were in 20.67% are using electricity and 16% of households are using kerosene. The multiple linear regression analysis were carried out and the results for the coefficient of multiple determination R squared value is 0.420 which implies 42% of the variation in monthly expenditure of fuel due to the variations in the concerned predictor variables.Conclusions: The study could be conducted in a large a scale over a wider area with a more accurate sampling procedure. This would give more information on the relation between the fuel consumption, the need for conservation as related to the different income groups and different educational level of the respondents.
Proportion of pulmonary tuberculosis cases diagnosed at different levels of health care across fourteen districts of Kerala
Authors: Vinod Vaishnavy S. , George Leyanna Susan , Joy Aleena , Mathew Minu Maria , K. Vijayakumar , Kunoor Akhilesh , Kumar Anil
Published: August 2020

Background: It is estimated that 10.4 million cases and 1.7 million deaths occur due to tuberculosis (TB) globally. More than one quarter of TB cases and TB-related deaths worldwide occur in India each year. Kerala's TB incidence is estimated to be 67 cases per 100,000. Objective was to estimate the proportion of Pulmonary TB cases diagnosed at different levels of the health care system across all the fourteen districts of Kerala from January to September 2019.Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted on information obtained from the NIKSHAY portal from January to September 2019. Proportion of cases detected at PHC, CHC, THQ, District hospital and other tertiary care facilities was computed. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0.Results: The maximum number of new TB cases (70.8%) was being detected at the primary care level, while 20.3% of new cases were detected from tertiary care centres and 8.9% from secondary care centres. At the primary healthcare level, the maximum number of newly diagnosed TB cases was reported from Wayanad district (88.0%) while, in the secondary and tertiary care levels, Kollam district was found to diagnose the maximum number of new TB cases (24.0% and 48.4% respectively).Conclusions: In this study, majority of the new TB cases were being diagnosed at the Primary health care level. However, in few districts the secondary and tertiary care centres were found to be diagnosing a greater number of cases.
Exploring the child-friendliness of high schools in two southern Karnataka districts: a cross sectional study
Authors: J. Rakshitha , K. V. Krishnamurthy , Thomas Jose Jom , Kulkarni Praveen , Bilimale Anil S. , M. R. Narayana Murthy
Published: August 2020

Background: Children spend about 8-9 hours per day in schools. Hence, it is important to provide them with good physical, mental and social environment. The wellbeing during the childhood has a potential to provide the strong foundation for a positive health in later adulthood. This study was conducted to assess the child friendliness among the high schools in two districts the southern part of Karnataka.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from March 2019 to December 2019 in Mysuru and Chamarajanagara districts of Karnataka. A total of 23 schools were purposively selected for the study. Data was collected using a self-administered, pre structured questionnaire. The data was represented using numbers and percentages and Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the data of urban and rural schools.Results: The median score of child-friendliness recorded among the high schools in Mysuru and Chamarajanagara districts was 215 with an interquartile range of 198 to 228. The score was out of a maximum score of 248. A median score of 217 (interquartile range: 201-231) and 203.5 (interquartile range: 186.25-226.25) was observed among rural and urban school respectively.Conclusions: The child-friendliness was better in rural schools compared to urban schools with a better participation, enrolment and completion, and community support for education in rural schools. Empowering the students to improve their participation in school planning and other activities, encouraging better enrolment and completion, and involving communities, especially parents in improving the school environment will improve the child-friendliness among urban schools.
Health seeking behaviour of geriatric population in rural area of Puducherry: a community based cross sectional study
Authors: Gnanasabai Gnanamani , Kumar Mohan , Boovaragasamy Chithra , Rahman Mujibur , Ramamurthy Poovitha
Published: August 2020

Background: Population ageing is a great concern for the health sector. The health-seeking behaviour of elderly individuals can help in ascertaining their needs and priorities to develop appropriate policies for their care and avert disease progression. Objective was to assess health seeking behaviour of the elderly residing in rural Puducherry.Methods: A community based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among the geriatric population residing in selected areas of rural Puducherry. Interviews using semi-structured pretested proforma were conducted for capturing information on health seeking behaviour.Results: Out of the total study participants, 403 (64.8%) were suffering from chronic illness. Around 81.1% of them were seeking treatment. Majority of the elders (97.9%) preferred Allopathy system for their chronic illness.Conclusions: Awareness among the elderly population is imperative and can be done by regular medical check-ups by ensuring early detection of the chronic diseases and curtail complications.
Dental fluorosis and its burden in India-revisiting a forgotten chapter
Authors: Rawat Renu , Aswal Gunjan S. , Swamy Dinesh F. , Gurumuthy Vishwanath , Vishwanath Soumya
Published: August 2020

“Flouride” mineral is essential for the normal development of bone and teeth. However, its presence in excess of the required limit results in fluorosis of bone (skeletal) and teeth (dental). It is a dominating public health issue in India due to the geographical fluoride belt across numerous states. Dental fluorosis is characterised by the staining and pitting of tooth/teeth. Despite fluoride’s anticariogenic potential, when present in excess amounts, deteriorates aesthetics and cripples the physical, mental and social health of individuals. Numerous government-led initiatives are in place to optimize fluoride levels, unfortunately, with limited coverage and constrained time frame. The overview is an endeavour to assemble the breathing information on dental fluorosis and the obliviousness towards this condition devastating many lives in India. In this manner, stressing on the squeezing need of educational and dental treatment mediations alongside rebuilding of defluoridation programs across the nation.
Development of a district level multifaceted first-response strategy to COVID–19 in a resource limited setting in Kerala, India
Authors: Vaman Raman Swathy , Valamparambil Mathew J. , V. Ramdas A. , T. Manoj A. , Varghese Basil , Joseph Flory
Published: August 2020

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic that began in Wuhan in China has spread rapidly with cases currently confirmed in more than 200 countries worldwide. The first case of the outbreak in India was reported on 31st January 2020 in three medical students who returned to Kerala from Wuhan. We report the district level preparedness and response to the first case of COVID-19 infection confirmed in the district of Kasaragod, Kerala. The identification, diagnosis, clinical course and management of the case including surveillance and contact tracing are described. The district level actions before and after the identification of the first case provide a guidance to other resource limited settings regarding the preparedness and mitigation measures to be adopted in times of a pandemic. The evolution of strategies highlights the importance of coordination between district and state health authorities, district administration and line departments; rapid dissemination of health information, disaster preparedness and engagement of the community for surveillance support and home quarantine.
Plan ahead by embracing retrospective approach: global health
Authors: Saxena Arpita
Published: August 2020

Many countries worldwide are experiencing a see-saw pattern in health sector as individuals demand for health services rise exponentially during their fear and anxiety of disease and death. But medical care alone cannot bring health (physical/mental) to people living in rural/urban areas. It is the blending of natural and man-made variables to overcome poverty, unemployment, poor sanitation, and, not to be excused, ailing health. It is likely to expect significant health improvements in those respective areas if given a radical approach. To address the needs of public, World Health Organization came up with some strategies to improve health guidelines, reduce health risks, to have immense progress and to support a sound lifestyle to every human in 1970s that were to be fulfilled by 2000. The term ‘Health for All’ was defined in 1981 in which its goals were interlinked with each other in some or the other way. For instance, to reduce crude death rate, some eradication programmes were being improvised and at the same time those programmes helped to increase life expectancy of individuals by improving quality of life. To put it in a nutshell, public health has always been a key factor of all time since the beginning of the universe, we need to realize that to diminish health inequalities, we have to amalgamate ancient and advanced technology in an effective pattern to improve health and address health issues as they begin to develop.
Role of public-private partnerships to enhance the health care delivery system during the pandemic COVID-19
Authors: Indurthy Sindhu Gayathry , Kashyap Gyan Chandra
Published: August 2020

Development and economic growth are based on a healthy nation. A lot of attentions are needed to improve health conditions by providing necessary facilities through better infrastructure and medical professionals. Public health facilities continue to face staff shortage as over 85% specialist doctors, 75% doctors, 80% laboratory technicians, 53% nursing, and 52% ANM (auxiliary nurse midwife) short across states.At the same time when the prevalence of infectious diseases has increased worldwide over a period. Outbreaks have frequently been occurring, but every outbreak does not reach global pandemic level as the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has. Although the number of COVID-19 cases are gradually increasing in India, experts have warned that this spread will lead to a rapid and massive increase in demand for health facilities. India's healthcare infrastructure is incapable of dealing with today’s crisis. In India, there is a significant shortage in the availability of beds in hospitals. It is only in recent years that India increased its bed capacity from 0.7 beds per thousand, in 2011, to 1.13 today. According to data from the National Health Profile-2019, we observed there are 7,13,986 total government hospital beds available in India; however, it is still insufficient to deal with this crisis. There are only 118 governments approved laboratories in India capable of performing COVID-19 tests so far.
Frequently used laboratory pathogenic bacteria and their effect on human health
Authors: Basera Priyanka , Lavania Meeta , Lal Banwari
Published: August 2020

Interactions between micro-organisms with humans are diverse in nature; it can be beneficial or detrimental. According to WHO, 2004 rate of infectious diseases were found to be increases widely and account for 10 million deaths every year. Microorganism consider as a pathogen, when it is capable of causing diseases to human. Which further includes; the invasion in host cells and tissues, adherence to cells, persistence, release of toxic substance, and evade the host's immune system. Ability of pathogen for causing disease is termed as pathogenicity. The pathogenesis of bacterial infection comprises of initiation of the infectious process by multiplying their number in host body which further lead to the development of signs and symptoms of disease.Infectious disease usually due to the detrimental interactions, and is specific to host and pathogen.
Medical students' knowledge and attitudes toward history of medicine
Authors: Salehi Alireza , Afsharipur Hourieh , Molavi Vardanjani Hossein , Vojoud Mina , Bazrafkan Leila , Sharifi Mohammad Hossein
Published: September 2020

Attention to the history of medicine (HM) has been increasing enormously among the scientific community. History of Culture and Civilization of Iran and Islam (HCCII) is taught in medical schools as a required course. However, data on medical students' level of knowledge and attitude about HM is limited. This is a cross-sectional survey conducted between 2016 and 2017. A multi-stage random cluster sampling was done in which 230 medical students were asked to fill a standardized self-administered questionnaire. Univariate statistical tests and ordinary multivariable linear regression were applied. Medical students' knowledge level was 50.8%, which is considered fair and weak. Interestingly, the knowledge score of those who attended only in HCCII course did not differ significantly from those who did not attend this course (P = 0.163). The results showed that knowledge scores were considerably greater in those who participated in related volunteer workshops than those who did not (P = 0.0001). The mean score of attitude toward HM was significantly higher in female subjects than male subjects (P = 0.028). Moreover, data indicated that attendance at the HCCII course and workshops was not associated with improvement in attitude. According to the outcomes, the authors recommend revising the content, teaching method and structure of the HCCII course curriculum.
A brief historical overview of the anatomy of fascia in medieval Persian medicine
Authors: Bahrami Mohsen , Shokri Saeed , Mastery Farahani Reza , Dadmehr Majid
Published: September 2020

This article is a Letter to Editor and does not include an Abstract.
Modelling and Optimization of Alginate-Chitosan Concentration towards Tensile Strength Pervaporation Membrane based Polyethersulfone-Biopolymer by Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Hendrawan Yusuf , Putri Nadiya Fisriana , Hawa La Choviya , Rachmawati Muchnuria , Argo Bambang Dwi
Published: September 2020

Some outstanding features in the use of pervaporation technology are light, low maintenance, low energy consumption, and eco-friendly. The optimization of membrane mechanical properties is vital to determine the strength of the membrane against the force which comes from outside and is unfortunately destructive, one of which is tensile strength. The purpose of this research is to find out the best combination of alginate and chitosan concentration, which produces polyether sulfone-biopolymer based pervaporation membrane with optimal tensile strength. Several membrane compositions have been prepared and varied in a way to obtain optimal membranes. The modeling and optimization method, which was applied by the researcher is the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In the Central Composite Design (CCD) design, the low level included for both factors is 2% concentration, and the high level is 4% concentration, with a total of 13 experimental designs. The result of the suggested model is a quadratic model. While on the optimization result, the optimum solution result is from a combination of 3.25% alginate and 2.91% chitosan concentration, which yield tensile strength value of 0.24 kgf/cm2 with a desirability value of 0.84. The validation results are withdrawn from the three test samples resulted in an average tensile strength of 0.25 kgf/cm2 where this value differed 1.2% from the predicted results. The validation results are considered acceptable because the value is still within the acceptable error threshold or below 5%.
Effects of a high-fat diet on the lipid profile of oocytes in mice
Authors: Brusentsev E. Yu. , Chuyko E. A. , Okotrub K. A. , Igonina T. N. , Rozhkova I. N. , Ragaeva D. S. , Ranneva S. V. , Naprimerov V. A. , Amstislavsky S. Ya.
Published: August 2020

There are evidences that obese women exhibit a detrimental oocyte quality. However, it remains unclear how this change is associated with obesity, indirectly – or directly through a change in the content and/or composition of lipids in oocytes. The aim of this work was to study effects of a high-fat diet applied to female donor mice on the amount and qualitative composition of lipids of immature and in vivo matured oocytes. A high-fat diet caused larger body weight in female mice compared with the control (p < 0.001; 44.77±1.46 and 35.22±1.57, respectively), and increased the blood levels of cholesterol (p < 0.05; 2.06±0.10 and 1.78±0.10, respectively) and triglycerides (p < 0.05; 2.13±0.23 and 1.49±0.21, respectively). At the same time, this diet does not affect the level of unsaturation of lipids in immature (0.207±0.004 in the experiment and 0.206±0.002 in the control) and matured oocytes (0.212±0.005 in the experiment and 0.211±0.003 in the control). Total lipid content increased during in vivo maturation of mouse oocytes. The amount of lipids was greater in mature oocytes in the experimental group compared to the control (p < 0.01; 8.15±0.37 and 5.83±0.14, respectively). An increase in intracellular lipid amount during oocyte maturation was revealed both after a standard diet (p < 0.05; 4.72±0.48 and 5.83±0.14, respectively) and after a fat-rich diet (p < 0.001; 3.45±0.62 and 8.15±0.37, respectively). Thus, during in vivo oocyte maturation in mice the content of intracellular lipids enhanced, the high-fat diet aggravated this dynamics of lipid increase during in vivo maturation of oocytes.
Presentación: Antropología médica y de la salud: Aportes desde el Sur Global
Authors: Portocarrrero Gutierrez Julio , Langdon Esther Jean
Published: August 2020

Presentación de E. Jean Langdon y Julio Portocarrero al dossier dedicado a la antropología médica y de la salud.
Un accidente de tránsito visto a través de los ojos del chamanismo amazónico
Authors: Guhl Samudio Juan Felipe
Published: August 2020

Este trabajo se desarrolló con las comunidades indígenas del río Mirití-Paraná, un pequeño afluente del río Caquetá (Iapura), en el noroccidente de la cuenca amazónica en Colombia. Lo que presento a continuación es el itinerario terapéutico de Enio Yukuna, un hombre mayor que sufrió un accidente de tránsito y que al momento de relatar lo que le había ocurrido se remontó en su memoria varias décadas atrás para explicar que el principio de su mal se dio cuando fue a cazar una danta (tapir) en un salado. Su itinerario y la narración del suceso es pertinente pues habla de la forma en que se concibe el territorio, la cosmopolítica, los procesos ontológicos para aprender el chamanismo y también de la interacción con la biomedicina y el sistema médico occidental. Así, este hombre hace explícitos los procesos propios de curación que se dan en su área geográfica, pasando por chamanes de diferentes etnias y variados conocimientos y que se comportan de manera distinta ante su mal. Habla también de la complementariedad de género con su mujer y de los prejuicios hacia la migración de los jóvenes, y finalmente cuenta cómo fue remitido a Bogotá para ser atendido por su dolencia. Es una narración de gran riqueza y complejidad que nos da la posibilidad de navegar por los diversos universos amazónicos con relación a la salud de un individuo.
Artesanos de la salud: un concepto para pensar el hacer de campesinos sanadores en el Norte de Antioquia, Colombia
Authors: Munera Gomez Mauricio
Published: August 2020

En este artículo se desarrolla una conceptualización de la categoría artesanos de la salud, para hacer referencia a hombres y mujeres que, en algunos municipios del Norte de Antioquia, Colombia, articulan manos, cabezas y corazones con el propósito de brindar un servicio a otros seres, a través del desarrollo de diferentes prácticas para el cuidado de la vida. Esta escritura es una derivación de un ejercicio de investigación cualitativa fundamentada en el uso de metodologías biográficas y narrativas y en la construcción de historias de vida de campesinos sanadores. El artículo permite profundizar en las siguientes características de los artesanos de la salud: son sujetos de la experiencia; ofrecen sus servicios a las comunidades y éstas validan su saber-hacer; desempeñan sus oficios en el hogar-taller como espacio de creación y desarrollan diferentes prácticas para el cuidado de la vida pensando en el servicio y no en la transmisión o la transferencia.
Hambre y soberanía alimentaria entre los kaiowa y guaraní en el Brasil
Authors: Heusi Silveira Nádia
Published: August 2020

A lo largo de los últimos 70 años, los Kaiowa y Guaraní que viven en Brasil sufrieron la pérdida masiva de sus territorios tradicionales. A partir del caso de Tierra Indígena Caarapó se argumenta que la expropiación territorial y las políticas públicas que la promovieron condujeron a cambios sociales y ambientales significativos y disgregadores entre los kaiowa y guaraní, comprometiendo su soberanía alimentaria. Se muestra que los rituales—no se realizan más— ligados a la producción agrícola eran eventos que producían reciprocidad ampliada entre las parentelas, además de la abundancia de alimentos. Se concluye que el enfrentamiento de la situación por parte del Estado, en lo que se refiere a la garantía de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional de estos pueblos, ha sido parcial y desalentador.
Cosamalón Aguilar, Jesús A. y José Carlos Rojas Medrano, ¡Qué cosa tan linda! Una introducción al estudio de la salsa en el Perú. Lima: Instituto de Etnomusicología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020, 174 pp.
Authors: Ramos Rodillo Ignacio Alejandro
Published: August 2020

Investigación preliminar sobre salsa peruana y salsa en el Perú, destacando elementos históricos y conceptuales como la transnacionalidad de determinados géneros musicales, la conformación de escenas y mercados locales, su raigambre e implicaciones identitarias, etcétera, hasta la actualidad, y remontándose a los inicios de la música tropical en el país, hacia la década de 1920.
Cuba Varas, Lucero y Elisa Juárez Chávez. Crecer siendo diferente: compilación de tres investigaciones sobre violencia homofóbica, transfóbica y lesbofóbica en la familia y la escuela en el Perú. Lima: PROMSEX, 2018,168 pp.
Authors: Ramos López José
Published: August 2020

El presente escrito aborda los principales hallazgos de la publicación Crecer siendo diferente, reparando la apuesta política de reconocimiento de la diferenciay el cuestionamiento a la violencia homofóbica. Muestra la relevancia y las tareas pendientes que encara la investigación.
RESISTENSI SIMBOLIK TENUN KORKASE PADA MASYARAKAT AMARASI
Authors: Namah Jimris Edison
Published: August 2020

This research aims to describe and analyze symbolic resistance through the korkase woven cloth (foreign birds) of the Amarasi community to the government system during the time of the Amarasi king H.R Koroh (Uis Pah Koroh). The method used is a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach, using interview techniques, documentary studies and literature studies. The results showed that the korkase weaving symbol is one of the motives that has an important role in the Amarasi community. For the Amarasi people on one hand, korkase is a symbol of the king's identity. But on the other hand, it is used as a symbol of resistance to the structure or system of government that is not in accordance with the values of truth and justice. The korkase weaving symbol as a sacred text represents the voice of the Amarasi people to fight for the values of love, justice, brotherhood and equality. This paper wants to revive the appreciation of the Amarasi community symbolized in korkase woven fabric as an identity that needs to be respected and upheld.

Keywords: Amarasi; Korkase Weaving; Symbolic Resistance; Sacred Text.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisa resistensi simbolik melalui kain tenun korkase (burung asing) masyarakat Amarasi terhadap sistem pemerintahan pada masa raja Amarasi H.R Koroh (Uis Pah Koroh). Metode yang digunakan ialah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, memakai teknik wawancara, studi dokumenter dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa simbol tenun korkase merupakan salah satu motif yang memiliki peranan penting dalam masyarakat Amarasi. Bagi masyarakat Amarasi disatu sisi, korkase merupakan simbol identitas raja. Namun di sisi yang lain, dipakai sebagai simbol perlawanan terhadap struktur atau sistem pemerintahan yang tidak sesuai dengan nilai kebenaran dan keadilan. Simbol tenun korkase sebagai teks suci mewakili suara masyarakat Amarasi untuk memperjuangkan nilai-nilai cinta-kasih, keadilan, persaudaraan, dan kesetaraan. Tulisan ini ingin mengangkat kembali penghargaan terhadap masyarakat Amarasi yang disimbolkan dalam kain tenun korkase sebagai identitas yang perlu dihargai dan dijunjung tinggi. 

Kata kunci : Amarasi; Resistensi Simbolik; Tenun Korkase; Teks Suci.
THE FIRST EVIDENCE OF BIOEROSION IN CHITINOUS LACUSTRINE MICROFOSSILS FROM GLACIAL LAKES (LATE PLEISTOCENE AND HOLOCENE, BOHEMIAN FOREST)
Authors: HOLCOVÁ KATARÍNA , SUCHÁNEK VLADIMÍR , HEŘMANOVÁ ZUZANA , VONDRÁK DANIEL
Published: August 2020

Microbioerosion structures are a common sign of microbial activity known mainly from marine environments and calcareous substrates, or from pollen records. However, the same phenomenon has been overlooked in animal fossils preserved in lake sediments. We studied 430 fragments of chitinous microfossils from three central European glacial lakes and detected microboring structures in approximately 10%. The microfossils belong to two size groups: (1) spherical objects with lengths ranging from 50 to 300 μm that are probably microturbelarian (Turbellaria: Rhabdocoela) cocoons, and (2) larger remnants (up to 2 mm long) of caddisfly (Insecta: Trichoptera) frontoclypeal apotomes. Four microbioerosion morphotypes were distinguished: (1) small holes (< 0.6 μm) oriented perpendicular to microfossil walls, likely produced by bacteria or fungi; (2) simple meandering tunnels and; (3) asterisk-like tunnel structures produced by fungi and/or fungus-like organisms; and (4) abrasions caused by biofilms. The maximum diameter of the simple holes and both tunnel structures depended on host-microfossil size: a higher diversity of microbioerosions was found on larger chitinous fragments. We propose that the good preservation of microfossils in the studied sediment samples might be due to rapid transport to the anoxic profundal zone or by rapid burial in anoxic sediments.
Oxidative Coupling Reaction for Micro Trace Analysis of Mebendazol Residual with p-bromoaniline in Presence of n- bromosuccinimide
Authors: Sallal Takleef , Abbas Sumayha
Published: September 2020

Rapid, reproducible and accurate method has been developed for the assay for of mebendazol (MBZ) residual assay. The method is based on alkaline hydrolysis of MBZ with sodium hydroxide then oxidation with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) followed by coupling with 4-Bromoaniline (4-BA) to yield a highly colored product absorbed at maximum 434 nm. Regression analysis of linearity range was found (0.6-2.8) µg.ml-1.  The optimum conditions that affect the oxidation were studied. The developed method was found to be precise with mean value of relative standard deviation (1.153- 1.303) and accurate with relative error (-0.5940-1.7821) .The calculated molar absorptivity and sandal sensitivity values of (29825 L.mol-1.cm-1), 0.0099 µg.cm-2 respectively.  The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were of 0.04696, 0.156548 µg.ml-1 respectively .The suggested method showed good recovery with a mean value of 100.77% for analysis of dosage forms.
The Green Synthesize of Zinc Oxide Catalyst Using Pomegranate Peels Extract for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye
Authors: Alwash Atheel
Published: September 2020

In this study, the zinc oxide NPs have been synthesized from the fresh pomegranate peels extract using the precipitation method. The ZnO nanoparticles were produced from the reaction of fresh peels extract with zinc acetate salt which was used as zinc source in the presence of 2 M NaOH. The green synthesized nanoparticles were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). The XRD patterns confirm the formation of hexagonal wurtzite phase structure for ZnO synthesized using pomegranate peels extract with average crystalline size of 28 nm. FTIR spectra identify the presence of many active functional groups for the pomegranate extract which is ideal to bind with zinc acetate to produce the ZnO nanoparticles during the preparation method. The reflection spectra of green synthesis ZnO with pomegranate extract observed a blue shift towards lower wavelength with (8 nm) difference compared to ZnO without the addition of any extract.  The provenance of such blue shift towards shorter wave length was due to the quantum size effect. The Atomic force microscopic (AFM) result shows average roughness value for ZnO nanoparticles of 6.26 nm. The decolorization efficiency of the methylene blue dye was investigated using the ZnO nanoparticles under sun light irradiation and it was compared with the bare ZnO synthesized without the addition of extract. The catalytic activity was about 88% after 60 min of sunlight irradiation for both prepared catalyst however, the decolorization efficiency of ZnO with the addition of extract was higher at the first 16 min compared to bare ZnO.
Improving the Durability of Streak and Thermal Insulation of Petroleum Pipes by Using Polymeric Based Paint System
Authors: Darwish Salih Younis , Majid Zuhair Naji , Dahham Ashwaq tariq
Published: September 2020

This research deals with increasing the hardening and insulating the petroleum pipes against the conditions and erosion of different environments. So, basic material of epoxy has been mixed with Ceramic Nano Zirconia reinforcement material 35 nm with the percentages  (0,1,2,3,4,5) %, whereas the paint basis of broken petroleum pipes was used  to paint on it, then it was cut into dimensions (2 cm. × 2 cm.) and 0.3cm high. After the paint and percentages are completed, the samples were immersed into the paint. Then, the micro-hardness was checked according to Vickers method and thermal inspection of paint, which contained (Thermal conduction, thermal flux and Thermal diffusivity), the density of the painted samples was calculated,. The results of the research indicate that the concentration (5%ZrO2) gives the best results that the hardness of this concentration reached to (92 Hv). By contrast, the thermal conduction was continued at a insulation limit (2.4 W/m.K). The thermal diffusivity was (1.16 mm2/sec.), the thermal flux reached to (70.4 w.s 1/2/m2.K) and the density at the same percentage was (4.87 g/m3). This means that there is a linear proportionality and development with increasing in the percentage of Nano Zirconia additive to epoxy.
Trends in the incidence of diabetes mellitus: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 and implications for diabetes mellitus prevention
Authors: Liu Jinli , Ren Zhen-Hu , Qiang Hua , Wu Jine , Shen Mingwang , Zhang Lei , Lyu Jun
Published: August 2020

Backgroud: Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease and a severe public health issue. The incidence trends for type 1 diabetes (TIDM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have rarely been studied on a global scale. We aimed to determine the temporal and geographical trends of diabetes globally.Methods: Data on diabetes mellitus, including incidence, prevalence from 1990 to 2017 were obtained from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease study. We calculated the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of diabetes mellitus according to sex, region, and disease type.Results: The worldwide incident cases of diabetes mellitus has increased by 102.9% from 11,303,084 cases in 1990 to 22,935,630 cases in 2017 worldwide, while the ASIR increased from 233.58/100,000 persons (95% UI, 218.95–249.37) to 284.56/100,000 persons (95% UI, 262.17–309.71) in this period [EAPC=0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.79–0.96]. The global ASIRs of T1DM and T2DM both demonstrated significant increase during 1990-2017, with EAPCs of 0.34 (95% CI:0.30–0.39) and 0.89 (95% CI:0.80–0.97), respectively. The ASIR trends also varied considerably by regions and countries. The increase in ASIR was greatest in high sociodemographic index regions (EAPC=1.05, 95% CI:0.92–1.17) and lowest in low-SDI regions (EAPC=0.79, 95% CI:0.71–0.88).Conclusions: Both the number of incident cases and ASIR of diabetes mellitus increased significantly during 1990-2017 worldwide, but the temporal trends varied markedly across regions and countries.