bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variation of eurycomanone content within and among populations of E. apiculata A.W. Benn.
Authors: Zulfahmi  , Parjanto  , Purwanto E , Pujiasmanto B , Sakya A T , Samanhudi  , Rosmaina  , Yunus A
Published: November 2021

Information on the eurycomanone content of E. apiculata A.W. Benn from natural populations in Indonesia is unknown. This study aimed to assess the variation of eurycomanone content within and among populations of E. apiculata, determine the correlation of eurycomanone content with environmental factors, and determine the collection sites of genetic material for the establishment of the breeding base population of E. apiculata. The analysis of eurycomanone content was carried out using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. This study found that the highest eurycomanone content was observed in the Rumbio population (9.86 mg/g) and the lower value was observed in the Pokomo population (4.44 mg/g). The average variation of eurycomanone content within the population was 25.72%. The coefficient of eurycomanone differentiation among populations was 84.33%, indicating that the variation of eurycomanone content among populations of E. apiculata was higher than the variation of eurycomanone content within-population (15.67%). Pearson correlation of eurycomanone content with population environmental factors showed no significant correlation. Based on the eurycomanone content and clustering, the Rumbio population can be selected as a source of the genetic material of E. apiculata for eurycomanone production via the breeding program in the future.
Philanthropic and ecological values of Merti Desa Tambakbayan tradition in Tambakboyo Village, Tawangsari District, Sukoharjo Regency
Authors: Ardianto D T , Mataram S
Published: November 2021

The Javanese tradition is manifested in various forms, one of which isMerti Desa Tambakbayantradition in Tambakboyo Village, Tawangsari District, Sukoharjo Regency. This annual tradition is a cultural heritage that help to maintain environmental balance. This study seeks to describe the philanthropic and ecological values ofMerti Desa Tambakbayantradition. This research was a case study with traditional event as the object. The data sources were theMerti Desa Tambakbayanevents, documents, and interview results with informants. The obtained field data showed the existence of philanthropic and ecological values in Tambakboyo community. These values can be seen from the traditions of having feast and exchanging meals together, and joint activities to clean up the environment around the village regardless of social status. These attitudes are essentials, especially when some members of the society are experiencing economic difficulties due to the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic.
Urban farming: implementation of prisoner guidance in an effort to support food security towards Rutan Boyolali productive
Authors: Listiana A , Pawito  , Hastjarjo S
Published: November 2021

Rutan Boyolali is an institution that organizes guidance activities for prisoners as a social reintegration process. The guidance that is carried out recently leads to a productive one. One of the efforts to realize the productive correctional institutions can be done through agricultural activities. However, the location of the correctional institutions that are in the middle of urban areas faced the challenge of limited agricultural land. One of the solutions is to carry out the concept of urban farming. Through urban farming, it is hoped that prisoners can become skilled and ready to work when they are free. This concept also can be an innovation and solution in overcoming various problems in prisons. On the other hand, the benefits of urban farming are maintaining food security. The rate of urban development eliminates agricultural land and results in cities no longer being able to meet their food needs independently.
Mapping of soil degradation potential in Nguntoronadi District Wonogiri Regency
Authors: Azis A A A , Mujiyo  , Cahyono O
Published: November 2021

Soil is the most important component in agriculture. Soil degradation is caused by improper soil management, unpatterned planting, and homogeneous rainfall. Mapping of potential soil degradation was a process of identifying initial conditions to determine areas that have the potential in soil physical, chemical, and biological degradation. The purpose of this study was to create a map of Soil Degradation Potency (SDP). The research was conducted in Nguntoronadi district, Wonogiri. The mapping used a guided-qualification method and was assisted by ArcGIS application for overlaying the maps according to standard procedures, and the resulting value of soil degradation potency. The results showed the soil degradation potency was slightly in 454 hectares, moderate in 5,186 hectares, and high in 192 hectares. The research area was dominated by moderate to high degradation. Land management requires more attention according to soil conservation and sustainability. Further research is needed to determine the actual level of soil degradation to obtain recommendations for sustainable land management.
Children storybook design to solve plastic waste problem
Authors: Wulandari E , Munib J A , Rizky L
Published: November 2021

Indonesia is ranked as the 2nd largest country in the world as waste producer. There are approximately 332 tons of waste produced in Indonesia daily. In addition to the nature of plastic that is difficult to decompose, plastic waste in Indonesia is also caused by the lack of awareness and knowledge about the dangers and negative impacts of plastic waste. This study aimed to educate about plastic waste in children by using story book. This research applied descriptive qualitative method. The strategy adapted in this study was designing a story book that could be used as a story telling material to explain the impact of plastic waste to children. This storybook is entitled Erika and the Trash. It uses interesting and imaginative stories that children love. In addition, this book also has games that children can play. The primary media chosen was a children story book and the supporting media were posters, keychains, acrylic stands, and pins. This story book can be used by parents as a way to tell about the danger of plastic waste to children.
Pasting properties of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) modified starch with heat moisture treatment
Authors: Ariyantoro A R , Affandi D R , Yulviatun A , Ishartani D , Septiarani A
Published: November 2021

Jack bean is a local legume that can grow in suboptimal land and potential to be developed in Indonesia. Jack bean seed has 33.32% of protein and 61.15% of carbohydrate so it can become a starch source for the food industry. Native starch has a limited application on food products because of its weak characteristics such as being unstable to heat and shear. Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) starch modification is needed to overcome the weaknesses. HMT is a natural modification because it does not leave a chemical residue. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of heat moisture treatment (HMT) with various moisture content and time on the pasting properties (peak, through, breakdown, final, setback viscosity, peak time, and peak temperature) of jack bean modified starch. This research used Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD) with two factors, varying moisture content (27%, 30%, 33%) and time (10 h, 13 h, 16 h). The results show that the various moisture leads to increase peak-time, pasting temperature and decrease peak viscosity, through viscosity, breakdown, final and setback viscosity. In addition, higher HMT time could increase peak time, pasting temperature but decrease peak, trough, breakdown, final and setback viscosity.
Art activist: nature, culture, and art-based environmental movement
Authors: Setyawan  , Purwasito A , Warto  , Wijaya M
Published: November 2021

This article aimed to discuss how the environmental movement is carried out by art activists. Environmental movement is essential given the increasingly massive and worrying ecological crisis. Environmental damage triggered by the pace of industry is increasingly eroding the natural ecosystem. Ecological spaces that should support life in general are turned into economic spaces on a large scale which in the process creates a lot of environmental degradation. Likewise, the ecological chain that is broken due to industry and the replacement of natural product use with synthetic materials have contributed to the destruction of nature. Without us realizing it, most environmental problems also stem from our lifestyle, our political choices, and our role as consumers. In this condition, art actors and designers take a cultural role to be involved in the environmental movement. This cultural role becomes important considering that environmental issues are close and, even at a certain point, intertwined with cultural issues. The cultural roles of these art activists can be the starting point for responding to environmental problems by offering creative solutions. Creative solutions can open up a space for joint discussion regarding the environmental movement.
The effect of dietary forages in tetanus hyper immunized equine serum production
Authors: Mahari D A , Anwar R I , Ikhsan H M , Lupitasari F B I , Herdis  , Herry R , Sarmedi  , Setiadi  , Mansyur
Published: November 2021

The determination of local forage in meeting the nutritional requirement of horses and its effect on the antibody titer production is necessary to be conducted. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of dietary forage to antibody titer production of Anti-Tetanus Serum. All procedures performed in this study were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Ethical Approval No: 01/IACUC-BF/VI/20). A total of 12 Sandalwood horses aged 3-6 years with body weight ranged at 268.4 - 365.8 kg were used in this study. Horses were randomly assigned into four dietary treatment groups for ten weeks (100% Elephant grass; 100% Mott elephant grass; 67% Elephant grass: 33% Kikuyu grass; and 67% Mott elephant grass: 33% Kikuyu grass) which allowed 7.24; 11.45; 11.12; 12.62% crude protein respectively. The titer measurement was carried out once a week during the production period. The data obtained was analyzed using correlation analysis. The results showed that 100% Mott elephant grass group produced the highest titer but the correlation between crude protein levels in the diets and titer were weak (0.44). Thus, it can be concluded that the high protein forage given has no potential to increase the serum antibody titer.
Collaborative governance in solving problem air pollution in Indonesia: a systematic literature review
Authors: Feberina A , Mulyadi A W E , Haryanti R H
Published: November 2021

This research is explaining a problem in environmental management that need more attention because the impact of environmental problems involves all elements of the government, private sector, and society. The purpose of this paper is to review which one is the best practice for environmental problems related to air pollution in the government’s efforts. This research focuses on the issue of environmental pollution on air pollution in Indonesia. The theory used is the Collaborative Governance model of Ansell and Gash and De Seve. The research uses a qualitative approach with Systematic Literature Review and secondary data. Perspective in Collaborative Governance. The Literature approach is applied to scientific journals published in the database. The author found that several policies related to environmental problems have been implemented. But not running optimally. The government needs to use its authority to solve existing problems, including the problem of poor air quality.
Growth and P absorption of Fibraurea tinctoria lour in peat soil with an amendment
Authors: Sakya A T , Sulandjari  , Dewi W S
Published: November 2021

One of the ways to maintain and increase immunity during the COVID-19 pandemic is by consuming the medicinal plant. Indonesia has many medicinal plants, one of which is ‘akar kuning’ (Fibraurea tinctoriaLour).F. tinctoriais a wild plant commonly found in Kalimantan and has not been widely cultivated. Therefore, efforts to develop need to be made, especially in peat soil. An approach to addressing the problem in peat soils is adding zeolite amendments and NPK fertilizer to increase growth. Therefore, preliminary research was conducted to determine the growth and P absorption of F tinctoria in peat soil. The study used Zeolite (0 and 2.5 g polybag−1) and NPK fertilizer with three levels (3, 6, 9 g plant−1). The combination treatments were arranged factorially on a completely randomized design. The study shows different responses to the leaf number, root volume, and root dry weight. Tendril length and P absorption increased along with the increase of Zeolite and NPK application.
Distribution and mapping pulasan (Nephelium ramboutan-ake Bill. Liinh) in Riau ecosystem zone area
Authors: Mardaleni  , Jumin H B , Yunus A , Nandariyah
Published: November 2021

Pulasan (Nephelium ramboutan-ake Bill. Liinh.) is one of the genetic sources of the Sapindaceae family which has many benefits, including fresh fruit, processed food industry as well as traditional and modern medicines. Currently, the existence of outward appearance has experienced scarcity, even threatened with extinction. This study aims to determine the distribution and create a map of the outward distribution in the Riau Ecosystem Area. This study uses a survey method, namely the technique of getting outward distribution points by tracking using the Garmin 76csx Global Positioning System (GPS). The data obtained were processed using the Map Source program and ArcGIS 10. The basic map used was a map of the administrative boundaries of Kampar, Kuantan Singingi, Siak and Bengkalis districts as well as a map of soil types. The outward distribution of each sub-district is presented descriptively and in the form of a map. Overlays of germplasm have been explored in as many as 495 trees spread over four districts in Riau. The population of the outward distribution in the mineral soil ecosystem zone is more than the population in the peat soil ecosystem zone. Distributed in groups with unequal populations.
Implementation of the Suroboyo Bus transportation policy paying with plastic bottle waste
Authors: Fitriana R L , Suharto D G , Wahyunengsih R D
Published: November 2021

In collaboration with the Department of Cleanlines and Green Open Space of the City of Surabaya, the Department of Transportation launched a new means of transportation, namely the Suroboyo Bus. Uniquely, the Suroboyo Bus is paid for with plastic bottle waste. The purpose of this Suroboyo Bus is to reduce plastic waste and congestion in the city of Surabaya. The type of research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The focus of this research uses policy implementation, according to Edward G. III, namely, communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The results of this study are that implementing the Suroboyo Bus is considered quite good, there is support from the public, and has a real impact. On the other hand, there are still obstacles in implementing the Suroboyo Bus, which has not been properly integrated in waste contribution procedures.
Policy issues on covid-19 waste: comparing Indonesia and Taiwan
Authors: Nugroho R A , Rahmawati A A , Prakoso S G , Nurhaeni I D A , Kartinawanty A T , Parwiyanto H
Published: November 2021

During the covid-19 pandemic, medical waste has been a concern to the sustainability issues. Comparing government awareness is critical to portray the government policy on combating covid-19 and maintaining environmental sustainability at the same time. This paper discussed how the covid-19 waste is managed between two countries: Indonesia and Taiwan. The two countries are chosen because of their contrasting condition where the prior has a high rate of infection while, on the other hand, the latter has a relatively low rate of infection. This study focuses on literature analysis that is available on the research database. Specific keyword search such as “environmental policy and covid-19 and Indonesia and Taiwan” is used in the search engine. The results indicated the significant difference in both countries in managing covid-19 waste. Further results are discussed in the paper.
Millennial and gen Z perspective towards eco-office campaign implementation in public sector
Authors: Pramana H P , Hastjarjo S , Sudarmo
Published: November 2021

This study explains millennial and Gen-Z attitudes, perspectives, and behaviors in implementing the eco-office concept. As a qualitative method study, the study uses primary data through semi-structured interviews and secondary data collected from reports, public/private publications, and census results, using the Yin case study model as data analysis. The study results reveal that the biggest challenge in implementing new policies is self-thinking. Leaders, as change agents, play an essential role in penetrating messages that make them act pro-environment. The reward system will be very effective, especially providing satisfaction for self-actualization. The findings of this study have implications for policymakers as input. For example, the results show that social media plays a crucial role in increasing environmental awareness. In addition, simple shifts such as electronic media use at work will cut the file chain, making it more effective and favored by young people. They understand the consequences of their actions on the environment and have the education, motivation, and social awareness to participate in the green movement. However, beliefs and actions are not fully integrated, and investigating and understanding their behavior and unique needs in the workplace will lead employees to integrate and succeed together to support the environment.
Impact of CO2 emissions on GDP per capita, FDI, forest area and government spending on education in Indonesia 1991-2020: The GMM methods
Authors: Prasetyani D , Putro T R , Rosalia A C T
Published: November 2021

The economy is considered an efficient way to materialize, but the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth has not been systematically explained. In this study, we will build a model that formalizes the interaction between CO2 emissions and GDP per Capita, FDI, Forest Area and Government Spending on Education used to revisit the trade-off between economic growth and the environment or a green economy. The model captures an essential feature of the continuous innovation process, which is path dependencies. First, this research will create a data analysis using the System GMM Estimation. Second, we will evaluate GDP per Capita, FDI, Forest Area and Government Spending on Education spending on green growth. The results of this study are expected to be a government policy to increase green economic growth.
Potential effect of some essential oils on rumen methane reduction and digestibility by In Vitro incubation technique
Authors: Rofiq M N , Negara W , Martono S , Gopar R A , Boga M
Published: November 2021

Since excessive use of in-feed antibiotics and chemical feed supplements can potentially affect health risks and environmental problems, organic feed supplement became alternative save material. Organic material such as essential oils (EO) is potential for feed additive in the livestock industry because of their main activity as rumen manipulator. Their potential as rumen manipulators has not enough for type and doses of essential oils experiment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate 6 essential oils/EO’s (garlic/, thyme, clove, orange peel, mint, and cinnamon) with different doses (100, 200 and 300 ppm) on in vitro rumen methane reduction and in vitro digestibility using in vitro gas production technique. The experiment resulted highest level in in-vitro methane reduction potential (MRP, %) 72.83% at orange peel oils 300 ppm after 6 h incubation, while using clove oils 300 ppm had highest in vitro true digestibility of dry matter (IVTDDM) 81.41% after 30-hour incubation. Using Cinnamon oils had high value both of MRP level and IVTDDM (48.91 and 79.12 %). In Conclusion, all essential oils reduced in vitro rumen methane production at 6 h incubation compared to control at 300 ppm and there was no negative effect on In Vitro Digestibility.
Communicating sustainable environment and pro-poor policy in tourism in Indonesia: A discourse network analysis
Authors: Hastjarjo S , Wahyunengseh R D , Hidayah S A
Published: November 2021

The development of tourism to increase the regional economy sometimes becomes a source of environmental damages. The problem that is addressed in this paper is: how can tourism development support the sustainable environment policy and at the same time increase the economy. This study aims to analyze how the values of sustainable environment and economic development are represented and discussed in the tourism policy of Geopark Karangsambung-Karangbolong (GKK), Kebumen, Central Java, Indonesia. This study employs a quantitative approach with Discourse Network Analysis as the main technique. The data is taken from the news stories published on the geopark.kebumenkab.go.id before the Covid-19 pandemic (January 2019 – March 15, 2020) and during the pandemic (March 16, 2020 – June 30, 2021). The unit of analysis is words or phrases in the news story which represent: (1) discourses on preserving the healthy environment; (2) discourses on improving the economic welfare and reducing poverty; and (3) network of actors related to the discourse. This study finds that the communication of GKK sustainable environment policy contains discourses on sustainable tourism, affirmative actions to poverty reduction in the region, and the involvement of the pentahelix elements.
Batik Grajen: Eco-friendly batik utilizing wood waste for batik dye
Authors: Setyawan  , Dartono F A , Fitriani F
Published: November 2021

Grajen Batik is batik which coloring process uses natural dyes from grajen (sawdust) waste. Batik Grajen was developed by batik artisans in the Bulakan area, Sukoharjo, Central Java. The development of Batik Grajen is ecologically alluring since the Bulakan community processes sawdust from the sawmill industry into eco-friendly batik dyes. Sawdust (grajen) waste is used as batik dye because of the pigment contained. The dyes produced are safer and more eco-friendly than synthetic dyes. The effort made by the Bulakan community through Batik Grajen products is a creative solution to respond to environmental problems, especially waste problems that can be recycled into creative products with economic value.
Pulmonary Pathology of End-Stage COVID-19 Disease in Explanted Lungs and Outcomes After Lung Transplantation
Authors: Flaifel Abdallah , Kwok Benjamin , Ko Jane , Chang Stephanie , Smith Deane , Zhou Fang , Chiriboga Luis A , Zeck Briana , Theise Neil , Rudym Darya , Lesko Melissa , Angel Luis , Moreira Andre , Narula Navneet
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may develop end-stage lung disease requiring lung transplantation. We report the clinical course, pulmonary pathology with radiographic correlation, and outcomes after lung transplantation in three patients who developed chronic respiratory failure due to postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods

A retrospective histologic evaluation of explanted lungs due to coronavirus disease 2019 was performed.

Results

None of the patients had known prior pulmonary disease. The major pathologic findings in the lung explants were proliferative and fibrotic phases of diffuse alveolar damage, interstitial capillary neoangiogenesis, and mononuclear inflammation, specifically macrophages, with varying numbers of T and B lymphocytes. The fibrosis varied from early collagen deposition to more pronounced interstitial collagen deposition; however, pulmonary remodeling with honeycomb change was not present. Other findings included peribronchiolar metaplasia, microvascular thrombosis, recanalized thrombi in muscular arteries, and pleural adhesions. No patients had either recurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection or allograft rejection following transplant at this time.

Conclusions

The major pathologic findings in the lung explants of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection suggest ongoing fibrosis, prominent macrophage infiltration, neoangiogenesis, and microvascular thrombosis. Characterization of pathologic findings could help develop novel management strategies.
Association Between Functional and Structural Brain Connectivity of the Default Mode Network in Non-treatment Seeking Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Gerhardt Sarah , Karl Damian , Mann Karl , Kiefer Falk , Vollstädt-Klein Sabine
Published: November 2021

Aims

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with alterations within the default mode network (DMN) at rest. Also, impaired white matter structures have been observed in individuals with AUD. This study developed a workflow for examining the relation between functional and structural connectivity, exemplary for nodes of the DMN within a sample of non-treatment seeking individuals with AUD. Furthermore, AUD severity was correlated with both measures independently.

Methods

The functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) protocol included anatomical, resting state and diffusion weighted imaging measurements. Independent component analyses and deterministic fiber tracking as well as correlation analyses, including the severity of AUD, were performed. N = 18 out of 23 adult study participants took part in the fMRI examination, and N = 15 were included in the final analyses.

Results

Established resting-state networks were reliably identified in our sample. Structural connections were found between several nodes of the DMN, whereas only fibers between the medial prefrontal cortex and the posterior cingulate cortex were reliably detected in all individuals. A negative correlation was observed between brain activation during rest and AUD severity in left parietal and temporal regions and the putamen. A more severe AUD predicted impairments in white matter integrity of the cingulum.

Conclusion

In AUD, information obtained from a combination of resting-state, diffusion weighted data and clinical information has great potential to provide a more profound understanding of the disorder since alterations may already become apparent at earlier stages of the disorder, e.g. in non-treatment seeking individuals.

Alcohol use disorder leads to alterations in the default mode network of the resting brain that is associated with the severity of the disorder. Following our workflow, white matter impairments can be observed between some of the nodes of the default mode network using diffusion tensor imaging. Both, resting-state functional and structural connectivity relate to the severity of alcohol use disorder.
Insights on life cycle and cell identity regulatory circuits for unlocking genetic improvement in Zygosaccharomyces and Kluyveromyces yeasts
Authors: Solieri Lisa , Cassanelli Stefano , Huff Franziska , Barroso Liliane , Branduardi Paola , Louis Edward J , Morrissey John P
Published: November 2021

Evolution has provided a vast diversity of yeasts that play fundamental roles in nature and society. This diversity is not limited to genotypically homogeneous species with natural interspecies hybrids and allodiploids that blur species boundaries frequently isolated. Thus, life cycle and the nature of breeding systems have profound effects on genome variation, shaping heterozygosity, genotype diversity and ploidy level. The apparent enrichment of hybrids in industry-related environments suggests that hybridization provides an adaptive route against stressors and creates interest in developing new hybrids for biotechnological uses. For example, in the Saccharomyces genus where regulatory circuits controlling cell identity, mating competence and meiosis commitment have been extensively studied, this body of knowledge is being used to combine interesting traits into synthetic F1 hybrids, to bypass F1 hybrid sterility and to dissect complex phenotypes by bulk segregant analysis. Although these aspects are less known in other industrially promising yeasts, advances in whole-genome sequencing and analysis are changing this and new insights are being gained, especially in the food-associated genera Zygosaccharomyces and Kluyveromyces. We discuss this new knowledge and highlight how deciphering cell identity circuits in these lineages will contribute significantly to identify the genetic determinants underpinning complex phenotypes and open new avenues for breeding programmes.
Discrimination and Hypertension Among Older African Americans and Caribbean Blacks: The Moderating Effects of John Henryism
Authors: Nguyen Ann W , Miller David , Bubu Omonigho M , Taylor Harry O , Cobb Ryon , Trammell Antoine R , Mitchell Uchechi A
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Discrimination is a major contributor to health disparities between Black and White older adults. Although the health effects of discrimination are well established, less is known about factors that may intervene in the discrimination–health connection, such as coping strategies. The study aim was to determine whether John Henryism (JH; high-effort coping) moderates the association between racial discrimination and hypertension in nationally representative samples of older African Americans and Caribbean Blacks.

Methods

The analytic sample was drawn from the National Survey of American Life—Reinterview, which was conducted 2001–2003, and included African Americans (N = 546) and Caribbean Blacks (N = 141) aged 55 and older. Study variables included racial discrimination, JH, and hypertension. Logistic regressions, which controlled key sociodemographic differences, were used to test the study aim.

Results

Among both Black ethnic groups, discrimination and JH were not associated with hypertension. For African Americans low and moderate in JH, discrimination was unrelated to hypertension; discrimination was positively associated with hypertension for African Americans high in JH. For Caribbean Blacks, discrimination was positively associated with hypertension among respondents low in JH. Among Caribbean Blacks moderate and high in JH, discrimination was not associated with hypertension.

Discussion

The findings indicate that JH, in the face of discrimination, is associated with hypertension of older African Americans but may be an effective coping strategy for older Caribbean Blacks due to cultural and sociodemographic differences between the 2 ethnic groups. Future research should investigate the differing mechanisms by which JH influences health in heterogeneous older Black populations.
Genomic analysis of red snapper,Lutjanus campechanus, population structure in the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Portnoy David S , Fields Andrew T , Puritz Jonathan B , Hollenbeck Christopher M , Patterson William F
Published: November 2021

Red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, supports one of the more important fisheries in marine waters of the United States. Consequently, it has been the focus of intensive fisheries research for more than 20 years. Here, we present a genomic analysis of population structure that uses a landscape genetics approach to characterize patterns of variation in adult red snapper in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) alongside a synoptic view of decades of stock-structure research. The results support Atlantic and GOM stocks and indicate weak heterogeneity within the GOM. Furthermore, redundancy analysis using Moran Eigenvector Maps based on physical distance, larval dispersal probability, and adult dispersal probability reveal heterogeneity on various spatial scales, with adult movement explaining a larger component of variation than spatial position or larval dispersal. Results of this study support the idea that red snapper in the GOM display metapopulation structure, but also suggest a potential genetic discontinuity along the West Florida Shelf not previously described. The approach of using landscape genomics and dispersal data (larval and/or adult) to better understand metapopulation dynamics is promising for not only red snapper, but also for other marine species that occupy a diversity of habitats and are seemingly distributed continuously.
Northern Gannets (Morus bassanus) breeding at their southern limit struggle with prey shortages as a result of warming waters
Authors: d'Entremont Kyle J N , Guzzwell Leanne M , Wilhelm Sabina I , Friesen Vicki L , Davoren Gail K , Walsh Carolyn J , Montevecchi William A
Published: November 2021

Northern Gannet (Morus bassanus) colonies near the species’ southernmost limits are experiencing plateaued or declining population growth and prolonged poor productivity. These trends have been linked to reductions in the availability of the species’ key prey, the Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus). Declines in mackerel availability have been associated with warming ocean temperatures and over-fishing. Here, we assessed the influence of prey availability, abundance, and sea surface temperature (SST) during the breeding season on Northern Gannet reproductive success over a multi-decadal time span at their southernmost colony at Cape St. Mary's, NL, Canada. We demonstrate that warming SST affects reproductive success differently in early vs. late chick-rearing, but that overall, declining mackerel availability (landings and biomass) due to warming SST and over-exploitation has resulted in poor productivity of Northern Gannets at their southernmost limit. Our study is consistent with previous findings in other colonies in Atlantic Canada and France, and contrasts with findings in more northern colonies where mackerel population increases and range expansion are coinciding with gannet population growth. This implies that warming SST is having opposing influences on Northern Gannets and mackerel at the different extremes of the gannets’ breeding range.
Social and demographic correlates of cardiovascular mortality in the Kassena-Nankana districts of Ghana: a verbal post-mortem analysis
Authors: Oduro Abraham R , Francke Jordan , Ansah Patrick , Jackson Elizabeth F , Wak George , Phillips James F , Haykin Leah A , Azongo Daniel , Bawah Ayaga A , Welaga Paul , Hodgson Abraham , Aborigo Raymond , Heller David J
Published: November 2021

Background

The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Ghana is rising, but details on its epidemiology are scarce. We sought to quantify mortality due to CVD in two districts in rural Ghana using verbal post-mortem (VPM) data.

Methods

We conducted a proportional sub-hazards analysis of 10 232 deaths in the Kassena-Nankana East and West districts from 2005 to 2012, to determine adult mortality attributed to CVD over time. We stratified results by age, gender and socio-economic status (SES), and compared CVD mortality among SES and gender strata over time. A competing risk model estimated the cumulative effect of eliminating CVD from the area.

Results

From 2005 to 2012, CVD mortality more than doubled overall, from 0.51 deaths for every 1000 person-years in 2005 to 1.08 per 1000 person-years in 2012. Mortality peaked in 2008 at 1.23 deaths per 1000 person-years. Increases were comparable in men (2.0) and women (2.3), but greater among the poorest residents (3.3) than the richest (1.3), and among persons aged 55–69 years (2.1) than those aged ≥70 years (1.8). By 2012, male and female CVD mortality was highest in middle-SES persons. We project that eliminating CVD would increase the number of individuals reaching age 73 years from 35% to 40%, adding 1.6 years of life expectancy.

Conclusions

The burden of CVD on overall mortality in the Upper East Region is substantial and markedly increasing. CVD mortality has especially increased in lower-income persons and persons in middle age. Further initiatives for the surveillance and control of CVD in these vulnerable populations are needed.
Prevalence, risk factors and short-term consequences of adverse birth outcomes in Zimbabwean pregnant women: a secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized trial
Authors: Chasekwa Bernard , Ntozini Robert , Church James A , Majo Florence D , Tavengwa Naume , Mutasa Batsirai , Noble Christie , Koyratty Nadia , Maluccio John A , Prendergast Andrew J , Humphrey Jean H , Smith Laura E ,   for the Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) Trial Team
Published: November 2021

Background

Globally, 15 million children are born preterm each year and 10.7 million are born at term but with low birthweight (<2500 g).

Methods

The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) cluster-randomized trial enrolled 5280 pregnant women between 22 November 2012 and 27 March 2015 to test the impact of improved water supply, sanitation and hygiene, and improved infant feeding, on child growth and anaemia. We conducted a secondary analysis to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm birth, size small for gestational age (SGA), low birthweight (LBW), perinatal mortality, and neonatal mortality, and to estimate the effects of adverse birth outcomes on infant survival and growth. 

Results

The prevalence of adverse birth outcomes was: miscarriage: 5.0% [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.4, 5.7]; stillbirth: 2.3% (95% CI 1.9, 2.7); preterm birth: 18.2% (95% CI 16.9, 19.5); SGA: 16.1% (95% CI 15.0, 17.3); LBW: 9.8% (95% CI 9.0, 10.7); and neonatal mortality: 31.4/1000 live births (95% CI 26.7, 36.5). Modifiable risk factors included maternal HIV infection, anaemia, lack of antenatal care and non-institutional delivery. Preterm infants had higher neonatal mortality [risk ratio (RR): 6.1 (95% CI 4.0, 9.2)], post-neonatal infant mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 2.1 (95% CI 1.1, 4.1)] and stunting at 18 months of age [RR: 1.5 (95% CI 1.4, 1.7)] than term infants; 56% of stillbirths and 57% of neonatal deaths were among preterm births. 

Conclusions

Neonatal mortality and stillbirth are high in Zimbabwe and appear to be driven by high preterm birth. Interventions for primary prevention of preterm birth and strengthened management of preterm labour and ill and small neonates are required to reduce neonatal mortality in Zimbabwe and other African countries with similar profiles.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Messenger RNA Vaccine Immunogenicity in Immunosuppressed Individuals
Authors: Collier Ai-ris Y , Yu Jingyou , McMahan Katherine , Liu Jinyan , Atyeo Caroline , Ansel Jessica L , Fricker Zachary P , Pavlakis Martha , Curry Michael P , Jacob-Dolan Catherine , Patel Het , Sellers Daniel , Barrett Julia , Rowe Marjorie , Ahmad Kunza , Gompers Annika , Aguayo Ricardo , Chandrashekar Abishek , Alter Galit , Hacker Michele R , Barouch Dan H
Published: November 2021

Individuals on immunosuppressive (IS) therapy have increased mortality from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and delayed viral clearance may lead to new viral variants. IS therapy reduces antibody responses following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination; however, a comprehensive assessment of vaccine immunogenicity is lacking. Here we show that IS therapy reduced neutralizing, binding, and nonneutralizing antibody functions in addition to CD4 and CD8 T-cell interferon-γ responses following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination compared to immunocompetent individuals. Moreover, IS therapy reduced cross-reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. These data suggest that the standard COVID-19 mRNA vaccine regimens will likely not provide optimal protection in immunocompromised individuals.
Immunogenicity of SCB-2019 Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Compared With 4 Approved Vaccines
Authors: Ambrosino Donna , Han Htay Htay , Hu Branda , Liang Joshua , Clemens Ralf , Johnson Marina , Siber George , Goldblatt David
Published: November 2021

A significant correlation has been shown between the binding antibody responses against original severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein and vaccine efficacy of 4 approved coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines. We therefore assessed the immune response against original SARS-CoV-2 elicited by the adjuvanted S-Trimer vaccine, SCB-2019 + CpG/alum, in the same assay and laboratory. Responses to SCB-2019 were comparable or superior for antibody to original and Alpha variant when compared with 4 approved vaccines. The comparison accurately predicted success of the recently reported efficacy trial of SCB-2019 vaccine. Immunogenicity comparisons to original strain and variants of concern should be considered as a basis for authorization of vaccines.
Interaction between a fluoroquinolone derivative and RNAs with a single bulge
Authors: Nagano Konami , Kamimura Takashi , Kawai Gota
Published: November 2021

Interaction analysis between small molecules and RNA as well as structure determination of RNA–small molecule complexes will be the clues to search for compounds that bind to specific mRNA or non-coding RNA in drug discovery. In this study, the RNA-binding ability of a fluoroquinolone derivative, KG022, was examined against single-residue bulge-containing hairpin RNAs as RNA models. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis indicated that KG022 interacts with the RNAs in the vicinity of the bulge residue, with preferring C and G as the bulge residues. The solution structures of the RNA–KG022 complexes showed that the KG022 binds to the RNAs at the bulge-out regions. Each substituent in KG022 interacts with specific position of RNAs around the bulge-out region probably contributing the specificity of the binding. This work provides a novel member for the RNA-targeted small molecules.
The Theatre of Exhibitions: Czechoslovakia at the International Exhibition in Paris, 1937
Authors: Filipová Marta
Published: November 2021

How can an exhibition designer engage the visitor at a world’s fair who has already spent hours walking around the grounds, visiting other attractions and countless national pavilions? This question drove many theoretical and practical considerations of exhibition design during the interwar period and preoccupied many designers and artists. As a very active participant in world’s fairs at this time, Czechoslovakia established an intricate system of presenting its material production and cultural prowess which included careful design of the exterior of its pavilion as well as its interior. Using the Czechoslovak pavilion at the International Exhibition of Art and Technology in Modern Life in Paris, 1937, as a case study, this article examines how Czech designers developed their own original ideas about exhibition design informed by other disciplines. It offers a reading of exhibition design in parallel with stage design and claims that the two shared many techniques, aimed at attracting audiences. It stresses, on the one hand, the affiliation between the two design areas and on the other, the original contribution of designers from Czechoslovakia to the development of exhibition design as a self-sufficient field in the interwar period.
Global Estimates of Rotavirus Hospitalizations Among Children Below 5 Years in 2019 and Current and Projected Impacts of Rotavirus Vaccination
Authors: Hallowell Benjamin D , Chavers Tyler , Parashar Umesh , Tate Jacqueline E
Published: November 2021

Background

Rotavirus vaccine impact on rotavirus hospitalizations is not well documented globally. We performed a systematic review to estimate the number of rotavirus hospitalizations that (1) occur annually, (2) are currently prevented by rotavirus vaccines, and (3) could be prevented with improved vaccine coverage and universal vaccine introduction.

Methods

We systematically reviewed articles indexed in the PubMed database published from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2019. We included all primary peer-reviewed studies with rotavirus hospitalization rates for children below 5 years that reported data prior to vaccine introduction, utilized at least one continuous year of data collection, and collected hospitalization data after 2000 using active surveillance. We grouped pre-vaccine country estimates by childhood mortality strata and calculated the median rate among each group. We then assigned the mortality stratum-specific hospitalization rates to each country and calculated the number of rotavirus hospitalizations by country, mortality strata, and World Health Organization region.

Results

Our search strategy identified 4590 manuscripts, of which 32 were included in the final dataset. In 2019, an estimated 1 760 113 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1 422 645-2 925 372) rotavirus hospitalizations occurred globally, with 524 871 (IQR: 415 987-814 835) prevented by rotavirus vaccination. With universal introduction of rotavirus vaccines and increased vaccine coverage, we estimate that an additional 751 609 (IQR: 607 671-1 318 807) rotavirus hospitalizations can be prevented annually.

Conclusions

This analysis highlights the continued burden of rotavirus hospitalizations among children below 5 years. A large, preventable proportion of this burden could be eliminated by expanding introductions to new countries and increasing rotavirus vaccine coverage to levels seen with other childhood vaccinations.
Breeding effects on canopy light attenuation in maize: a retrospective and prospective analysis
Authors: Lacasa Josefina , Ciampitti Ignacio A , Amas Juan I , Curín Facundo , Luque Sergio F , Otegui María E
Published: November 2021

The light attenuation process within a plant canopy defines energy capture and vertical distribution of light and nitrogen (N). The vertical light distribution can be quantitatively described with the extinction coefficient (k), which associates the fraction of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (fPARi) with the leaf area index (LAI). Lower values of k correspond to upright leaves and homogeneous vertical light distribution, increasing radiation use efficiency (RUE). Yield gains in maize (Zea mays L.) were accompanied by increases in optimum plant density and leaf erectness. Thus, the yield-driven breeding programs and management changes, such as reduced row spacing, selected a more erect leaf habit under different maize production systems (e.g., China and the USA). In this study, data from Argentina revealed that k decreased at a rate of 1.1% year–1 since 1989, regardless of plant density and in agreement with Chinese reports (1.0% year–1 since 1981). A reliable assessment of changes in k over time is critical for predicting (i) modifications in resource use efficiency (e.g. radiation, water, and N), improving estimations derived from crop simulation models; (ii) differences in productivity caused by management practices; and (iii) limitations to further exploit this trait with breeding.
Adequate Antibody Response to COVID-19 Vaccine in Patients with Monoclonal Gammopathies and Light Chain Amyloidosis
Authors: Wu Alan H B , Wang Chia-Ching , Ong Chui Mei , Lynch Kara L
Published: November 2021

Objective

Determine the COVID-19 seroconversion rate for patients with multiple myeloma receiving a COVID-19 vaccine.

Materials and Methods

After 45 patients received their second COVID-19 vaccine dose, their serum IgG antibodies were measured: 22 with monoclonal gammopathy (MG) of unknown significance, 3 with smoldering myeloma, 2 with light chain amyloidosis, and 18 with MG (9 in remission, 6 out of remission, and 3 with free light-chain gammopathy alone). A second serum specimen was retained for 16 patients with MG. Their antibody levels were compared to those of 78 uninfected healthy vaccinated control patients.

Results

Three patients with MG had low antibody levels on blood collected 98, 100, and 113 days after the initial vaccine dose (2 with MG of unknown significance and 1 with hypogammaglobulemia). The other 40 patients with MG (seroconversion rate 93%) and both patients with amyloidosis produced antibodies. Relative to days after vaccination, patients with MG had lower antibody levels than control patients.

Conclusion

After receiving a COVID-19 vaccine, most patients with MG produce anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies comparable to levels in uninfected vaccinated healthy control patients.