bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyanocohniella calida gen. et sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria: Aphanizomenonaceae) a new cyanobacterium from the thermal springs from Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic
Authors: Kaštovský Jan , GOMEZ ESTHER BERRENDERO , HLADIL JINDŘICH , JOHANSEN JEFFREY R.
Published: October 2014

The thermal springs of Karlovy Vary (Carlsbad) is the locus classicus of the well-known thermal cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus. In addition to the nominate variety, several other varieties and forms were described based on differences in morphology (true-branching versus non-branching) or ecology (thermal versus non-thermal). The cyanobacterial strain Kaštovský 1996/2, which was provisionally identified as M. laminosus f. nostocoides, was also isolated from this locality and discussed in previous work. Based on both morphological and molecular (SSU) analyses, this strain was found to not belong to Mastigocladus, but rather to an undescribed genus, presumably within the Nostocaceae. This strain was subsequently lost, and absence of type materials prevented the description of the genus. The species was successfully re-isolated in 2012. The new strain is identical in morphology, life cycle, and 16S rRNA sequence to the lost strain 1996/2. It is herein described as Cyanocohniella calida gen. et sp. nov. The genus differs from all other Nostocaceae and Aphanizomenonaceae by the unique combination of these characteristics: 1) thermal-tolerant ecology, 2) life cycle that includes Pseudanabaenaceae-like, Nostoc-like and Chlorogloeopsis-like stages, 3) absence of aerotopes, and 4) phylogenetic placement in the Aphanizomenonaceae. The sister taxa, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic analysis, are Cyanospira and Anabaenopsis, both spiral, planktonic, aerotope-bearing, tropical genera and species clearly distinct from C. calida.
Amaranthus bengalense (Amaranthaceae) a new species from India, with taxonomical notes on A. blitum aggregate
Authors: Das Saubhik , Iamonico Duilio
Published: October 2014

Amaranthus bengalense from lower Gangetic plain of West Bengal (India) is proposed and described as new species for science. It belongs to Amaranthus subgen. Albersia, and is part of the A. blitum aggregate (also including A. blitum s.l., and A. emarginatus s.l.). A morphometric analysis of specimens collected in Europe and India is performed. The new species is clearly distinct from the others being characterized by the following combination of characters: leaves with apex obtuse or slightly emarginate, bracts long as well as the tepals (ratio bract/tepal about 1), tepals acuminate, seed with diameter 0.7–1.0 mm. Finally, a key of the taxa belonging to the Amaranthus blitum aggregate is provided.
Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 7. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: grass and bamboo feeders
Authors: COCK MATTHEW J. W. , CONGDON T. COLIN E.
Published: October 2014

Partial life histories for 17 Hesperiinae incertae sedis that feed on grasses or bamboos (Poaceae) are described and illustrated. The genera dealt with are: Astictopterus (from Evans’ (1937) Astictopterus group), Prosopalpus, Kedestes (from Evans’ (1937) Ampittia group), Ceratrichia, Pardaleodes, Ankola (From Evans’ (1937) Ceratrichia and Acleros groups), Perrotia (part), Chondrolepis, and Monza (part) (all from Evans’ Ploetzia genera group). The Poaceae-feeders comprise a relatively small proportion of the Afrotropical Hesperiinae fauna, particularly the mainland Afrotropical fauna. The caterpillars shown here are fairly homogeneous, with the head wider nearer the base, and lacking obvious setae on the body. Wax glands have been noted over most of the ventral surface A1–A8 in the final instar of Ceratrichia, Pardaleodes and Monza, but are absent in Chondrolepis, and either absent or not documented for other genera. The short double frontal projection of Tsitana uitenhaga is unusual, but pupae of the congeneric species have not been documented. The pupae of Kedestes spp. generally have extensive black or dark areas. The pupae of Pardaleodes and Ankola are very flimsy and collapse after emergence. All known pupae of Chondrolepis spp. have a short, blunt downturned frontal projection, not seen for any other Afrotropical genera, although Semalea spp. may have a short blunt projection. The remaining pupae are all generally similar and undistinguished. These are not substantial differences, but suggest that pupal characters may be useful in grouping some of the genera of Afrotropical Hesperiinae incertae sedis.
Morphological redescription and DNA barcoding of Linevitshia prima Makarchenko, 1987 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) from Amur River basin (Russian Far East), with notes on systematics of the genus
Authors: MAKARCHENKO EUGENYI A. , SEMENCHENKO ALEXANDER A.
Published: October 2014

Additions and corrections to the diagnosis of the genus Linevitshia for male adult, pupa and larva are given, and systematic position of the genus is discussed. Illustrated redescription of adult male and first description of 4th instar larva of L. prima Makarchenko from Amur River basin are provided. Comparison of data based on a new material with those of L. yezoensis Endo showed that the latter name is a junior synonym of L. prima. The species-specificity of L. prima COI sequences is analyzed and the sequences are presented as diagnostic characters—molecular markers of L. prima.
Revision of the Neotropical genus Marbenia Malloch (Diptera: Periscelididae)
Authors: ALE-ROCHA ROSALY , FREITAS GEOVÂNIA , MATHIS WAYNE N.
Published: October 2014

The Neotropical genus Marbenia Malloch is revised and now includes 3 species: Marbenia cinerea, sp. nov., Marbenia pallida, sp. nov. and Marbenia peculiaris Malloch, 1931. The genus is herein recorded from the amazonian region of South America (Bolivia, Brazil and Ecuador), and characters of male and female terminalia are illustrated for the first time.
Pseudoamphicteis sinensis sp. nov., a new species of Ampharetidae (Polychaeta) from China
Authors: SUI JIXING , LI XINZHENG
Published: October 2014

A new species of the ampharetid genus Pseudoamphicteis, P. sinensis sp. nov., is described based on material deposited in the Marine Biological Museum of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Qingdao). The new species is widely distributed from depths of 7–103 m in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. It is distinguished from the only other known species of this genus Pseudoamphicteis papillosa Hutchings, 1977 by its grooved branchiae. The genus has not previously been reported from China.
Two new species of Willowsia from New Caledonia (Collembola: Entomobryidae)
Authors: ZHANG FENG , BEDOS ANNE , DEHARVENG LOUIS
Published: October 2014

The genus Willowsia is reported for the first time from New Caledonia. Two new species, W. neocaledonica sp. nov. and W. nigra sp. nov., are described based on material deposited at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. The new species can be distinguished from other members of the genus by coloration and characters of the dorsal chaetotaxy of the head and terga.
Phthiria sharafi sp. nov., a new record of the subfamily Phthiriinae (Bombyliidae, Diptera) from Saudi Arabia
Authors: EL-HAWAGRY MAGDI S. , DHAFER HATHAL M. AL
Published: October 2014

This new species (Phthiria sharafi sp. nov.) represents the first record of the subfamily Phthiriinae (Bombyliidae, Diptera) from Saudi Arabia. The species was collected from Garf Raydah Protected Area, Abha, Asir Province, south-western part of Saudi Arabia, using a Malaise trap erected in a site rich in olive, cactus and Juniper trees. The type locality has an Afrotropical influence, with the Afrotropical elements predominant, and a closer affiliation to the Afrotropical region than to the Palearctic region or the Eremic zone.
Paramosina, a new genus of high Andean Limosininae (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae)
Authors: MARSHALL STEPHEN A. , YAU TIFFANY
Published: October 2014

Paramosina, a new genus of Sphaeroceridae, is described on the basis of one abundant new species, Paramosina hirsuta Marshall, from the Ecuadorian Andes.
Cooperation on GPS Meteorology between the United States and Cuba
Authors: Anthes Richard , Robock Alan , Antuña-Marrero Juan Carlos , García Oswaldo , Braun John J. , Arredondo René Estevan
Published: October 2014

In May 2014 a team of atmospheric and geodetic scientists from UNAVCO and the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) sent and helped set up a global positioning system (GPS) receiver to measure atmospheric water vapor at the Grupo de Óptica Atmosférica de Camagüey (GOAC) at the Camagüey Meteorological Center in Camagüey, Cuba. The GPS receiver immediately began to produce observations of precipitable water, which are being shared with the international meteorological community. Obtaining permission from both sides to send a highly sensitive instrument from the United States to Cuba was not easy. This paper describes the series of events that led to this achievement, beginning with a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) workshop in Rome, Italy, in 1994 in which Alan Robock met a young Cuban scientist named Juan Carlos Antuña and accepted him as a graduate student at the University of Maryland, College Park. The GPS meteorology connection began with a March 2007 visit of a delegation from the United States headed by then American Meteorological Society (AMS) President Richard Anthes to Havana, Cuba, at the invitation of the Cuban Meteorological Society president, Andrés Planas. These two threads led to this remarkable cooperation between Cuban and U.S. scientists. Several visits to Cuba beginning in 2010 by Robock, who met former President of Cuba Fidel Castro and the science advisor to the president of Cuba, played a significant role.

This is another instance (the visit of the AMS delegation to China in 1974 was a prime example) of how communication and visits between meteorologists in countries that are at odds on many other issues can lead to lasting collaborations that benefit both countries as well as the international community.
Measurements of Saharan Dust in Convective Clouds over the Tropical Eastern Atlantic Ocean*
Authors: Twohy Cynthia H.
Published: October 2014

Mineral dust particles have been shown to act as cloud condensation nuclei, and they are known to interact with developing tropical storms over the Atlantic downwind of the Sahara. Once present within liquid droplets, they have the potential to act as freezing ice nuclei and further affect the microphysics, dynamics, and evolution of tropical storms. However, few measurements of mineral dust particles in tropical convective clouds exist. This study indicates that about one-third of droplets sampled in small convective clouds in the tropical eastern Atlantic contained dust particles, and dust was the dominant residual particle type sampled in ice crystals from anvil outflow. However, estimated number and mass concentrations of dust in anvil ice were small compared to the amount of dust available within the Saharan air layer itself.
Decomposition of Atmospheric Disturbances into Standing and Traveling Components, with Application to Northern Hemisphere Planetary Waves and Stratosphere–Troposphere Coupling
Authors: Watt-Meyer Oliver , Kushner Paul J.
Published: October 2014

This study updates a body of literature that aims to separate atmospheric disturbances into standing and traveling zonal wave components. Classical wavenumber–frequency analysis decomposes longitude- and time-dependent signals into contributions from distinct spatial and temporal scales. Here, an additional decomposition of the spectrum into standing and traveling components is described. Previous methods decompose the power spectrum into standing and traveling parts with no explicit allowance for covariance between the two. This study provides a simple method to calculate the variance of each of these components and the covariance between them. It is shown that this covariance is typically a significant portion of the variance of the total signal. The approach also preserves phase information and allows for the reconstruction of the real-space standing and traveling components.

The technique is applied to reanalysis wintertime geopotential height anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere in order to investigate planetary wave interference effects in stratosphere–troposphere coupling. The results show that for planetary waves 1–3, standing waves explain the largest portion of the variance at low frequencies. An exception is for wave 1 in the high-latitude troposphere, where there is a strong westward-traveling wave. Furthermore, the antinodes of the standing waves have preferred longitudes that tend to align with the extremes of the climatological wave, suggesting that standing waves contribute to a linear interference effect that has been shown to be an important part of stratosphere–troposphere interactions.
On the Extratropical Influence of Variations of the Upper-Tropospheric Equatorial Zonal-Mean Zonal Wind during Boreal Winter
Authors: Gollan Gereon , Greatbatch Richard J.
Published: October 2014

Variations in the global tropospheric zonal-mean zonal wind [U] during boreal winter are investigated using rotated empirical orthogonal functions applied to monthly means. The first two modes correspond to the northern and southern annular mode and modes 3 and 4 represent variability in the tropics. One is related to El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the other has variability that is highly correlated with the time series of [U] at 150 hPa between 5°N and 5°S [U150]E and is related to activity of the Madden–Julian oscillation. The extratropical response to [U150]E is investigated using linear regressions of 500-hPa geopotential height onto the [U150]E time series. Use is made of reanalysis data and of the ensemble mean output from a relaxation experiment using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts model in which the tropical atmosphere is relaxed toward reanalysis data. The regression analysis reveals that a shift of the Aleutian low and a wave train across the North Atlantic are associated with [U150]E. It is found that the subtropical waveguides and the link between the North Pacific and North Atlantic are stronger during the easterly phase of [U150]E. The wave train over the North Atlantic is associated with Rossby wave sources over the subtropical North Pacific and North America. Finally, it is shown that a linear combination of both [U150]E and the quasi-biennial oscillation in the lower stratosphere can explain the circulation anomalies of the anomalously cold European winter of 1962/63 when both were in an extreme easterly phase.
Seasonal Predictability over Europe Arising from El Niño and Stratospheric Variability in the MPI-ESM Seasonal Prediction System
Authors: Domeisen Daniela I. V. , Butler Amy H. , Fröhlich Kristina , Bittner Matthias , Müller Wolfgang A. , Baehr Johanna
Published: October 2014

Predictability on seasonal time scales over the North Atlantic–Europe region is assessed using a seasonal prediction system based on an initialized version of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM). For this region, two of the dominant predictors on seasonal time scales are El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events. Multiple studies have shown a potential for improved North Atlantic predictability for either predictor. Their respective influences are however difficult to disentangle, since the stratosphere is itself impacted by ENSO. Both El Niño and SSW events correspond to a negative signature of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which has a major influence on European weather.

This study explores the impact on Europe by separating the stratospheric pathway of the El Niño teleconnection. In the seasonal prediction system, the evolution of El Niño events is well captured for lead times of up to 6 months, and stratospheric variability is reproduced with a realistic frequency of SSW events. The model reproduces the El Niño teleconnection through the stratosphere, involving a deepened Aleutian low connected to a warm anomaly in the northern winter stratosphere. The stratospheric anomaly signal then propagates downward into the troposphere through the winter season. Predictability of 500-hPa geopotential height over Europe at lead times of up to 4 months is shown to be increased only for El Niño events that exhibit SSW events, and it is shown that the characteristic negative NAO signal is only obtained for winters also containing major SSW events for both the model and the reanalysis data.
Satellite Observations of Mesoscale Eddy-Induced Ekman Pumping
Authors: Gaube Peter , Chelton Dudley B. , Samelson Roger M. , Schlax Michael G. , O’Neill Larry W.
Published: October 2014

Three mechanisms for self-induced Ekman pumping in the interiors of mesoscale ocean eddies are investigated. The first arises from the surface stress that occurs because of differences between surface wind and ocean velocities, resulting in Ekman upwelling and downwelling in the cores of anticyclones and cyclones, respectively. The second mechanism arises from the interaction of the surface stress with the surface current vorticity gradient, resulting in dipoles of Ekman upwelling and downwelling. The third mechanism arises from eddy-induced spatial variability of sea surface temperature (SST), which generates a curl of the stress and therefore Ekman pumping in regions of crosswind SST gradients. The spatial structures and relative magnitudes of the three contributions to eddy-induced Ekman pumping are investigated by collocating satellite-based measurements of SST, geostrophic velocity, and surface winds to the interiors of eddies identified from their sea surface height signatures. On average, eddy-induced Ekman pumping velocities approach O(10) cm day−1. SST-induced Ekman pumping is usually secondary to the two current-induced mechanisms for Ekman pumping. Notable exceptions are the midlatitude extensions of western boundary currents and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, where SST gradients are strong and all three mechanisms for eddy-induced Ekman pumping are comparable in magnitude. Because the polarity of current-induced curl of the surface stress opposes that of the eddy, the associated Ekman pumping attenuates the eddies. The decay time scale of this attenuation is proportional to the vertical scale of the eddy and inversely proportional to the wind speed. For typical values of these parameters, the decay time scale is about 1.3 yr.
Two Heavy Rainfall Types over the Korean Peninsula in the Humid East Asian Summer Environment: A Satellite Observation Study
Authors: Song Hwan-Jin , Sohn Byung-Ju
Published: October 2014

A total of 10 years (2002–11) of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) reflectivities, signaling heavy rainfall (>10 mm h−1), were objectively classified by applying the K-means clustering method in order to obtain typical reflectivity profiles associated with heavy rainfall over East Asia. Two types of heavy rainfall emerged as the most important rain processes over East Asia: type 1 (cold type) characterized by high storm height and abundant ice water under convectively unstable conditions, developing mostly over inland China; and type 2 (warm type) associated with a lower storm height and lower ice water content, developing mostly over the ocean. These two types also show sharp contrasts in relation to their seasonal changes and in the diurnal variation of frequency maxima, in addition to other contrasting meteorological parameters. The PR-derived heavy rain events were observed over the Korean peninsula and their spatiotemporal evolution was examined using 10-yr composites of 11-μm brightness temperature from geostationary satellites and Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) data. Cold-type heavy rainfall over Korea is characterized by an eastward moving cloud system with an oval shape while the warm type shows a comparatively wide spatial distribution over an area extending from the southwest to northeast. Overall the warm-type process appears to link the low-level moisture convergence area to the vertically aligned divergence area formed over the jet stream level. This setup continuously pushes air upward under moist-adiabatically near-neutral conditions and thus yields heavy rainfall. As warm-type heavy rainfall persists longer, it is considered to be more responsible for flood events occurring over the Korean peninsula.
Reconstruction and Forecast Experiments of a Statistical–Dynamical Model of the Western Pacific Subtropical High and East Asian Summer Monsoon Factors
Authors: Hong Mei , Wang Dong , Zhang Ren , Chen Xi , Ge Jing-Jing , Yu Dandan
Published: October 2014

Abnormal activity of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) may result in extreme weather events in East Asia. However, because the relationship between the WPSH and other components of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) system is unknown, it is still difficult to forecast such abnormal activity. The delay-relevant method is used to study 2010 data for abnormal weather and it is concluded that the Indian monsoon latent heat flux, the Somali low-level jet, and the Tibetan high activity index can significantly affect anomalies in the WPSH in the EASM system. By combining genetic algorithms and statistical–dynamical reconstruction theory, a nonlinear statistical–dynamical model of the WPSH and these three influencing factors was objectively reconstructed from actual 2010 data and a dynamically extended forecasting experiment was carried out. To further test the forecasting performance of the reconstructed model, further experiments using data from nine abnormal WPSH years and eight normal WPSH years were performed for comparison. All the results suggest that the forecasts of the subtropical high area index, the Indian monsoon latent heat flux, the Somali low-level jet, and the Tibetan high activity index all have good performance in the short and medium terms (<25 days). Not only is the forecasting trend accurate, but the mean absolute percentage error is ≤9%. This work suggests new areas of research into the association between the WPSH and EASM systems and provides a new method for the prediction of the WPSH area index.
Kosovo and Timor-Leste
Authors: Howard Lise Morjé
Published: October 2014

Why do some states transition, with foreign assistance, from “fragile” to “robust”? Scholars in state-building have argued that neotrusteeship is an effective strategy by which external organizations might build postconflict states. This article tests this hypothesis, and two related propositions, in a paired comparison of Kosovo and Timor-Leste. The two states are similar in many respects and both experienced regional peace enforcement operations to end violent conflict, followed by massive neotrusteeship operations. They have had divergent results, however, in postconflict state-building: while the state and economy are gradually becoming stronger in Timor-Leste, the same cannot be said of Kosovo, which continues to be plagued by high unemployment, low growth, corruption, and organized crime. I argue that many of Kosovo’s problems can be traced back to the strategy of dividing international responsibility for neotrusteeship operations.
Hepatocellular carcinoma in variegate porphyria: a case report and literature review
Authors: Luvai Ahai , Mbagaya Wycliffe , Narayanan Deepa , Degg Tim , Toogood Giles , Wyatt Judith I , Swinson Daniel , Hall Claire J , Barth Julian H
Published: October 2014

Variegate porphyria is an autosomal dominant acute hepatic porphyria characterized by photosensitivity and acute neurovisceral attacks. Hepatocellular carcinoma has been described as a potential complication of variegate porphyria in case reports. We report a case of a 48-year-old woman who was diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma following a brief history of right upper quadrant pain which was preceded by a few months of blistering lesions in sun-exposed areas. She was biochemically diagnosed with variegate porphyria, and mutational analysis confirmed the presence of a heterozygous mutation in the protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene. Despite two hepatic resections, she developed pulmonary metastases. She responded remarkably well to Sorafenib and remains in remission 16 months after treatment. A review of the literature revealed that hepatocellular carcinoma in variegate porphyria has been described in at least eight cases. Retrospective and prospective cohort studies have suggested a plausible association between hepatocellular carcinoma and acute hepatic porphyrias. Hepatic porphyrias should be considered in the differential diagnoses of hepatocellular carcinoma of uncertain aetiology. Patients with known hepatic porphyrias may benefit from periodic monitoring for this complication.
Crime statistics in a Nigerian Traditional City: A Geographic Analysis
Authors: Badiora Adewumi Israel , Okunola Olasunkanmi Habeeb , Ojewale Oluwole Samuel
Published: October 2014

The study identified predominant crime type and pattern of crime occurrence in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The research used crime data, by type and location, from January 2005 to December 2010. The spatial distribution of crime types revealed that 68 cases (49%) of offences against individuals occurred in the core area of the city, 40 (29%) in the transition area and 31 (22%) in the suburban, while 184 (20%), 265 (30%) and 451 cases (50%) of offences against property occurred in the core, transition and suburban respectively. The study concluded that there was notable geographical variation in the pattern of crime locations and that this differs with regard to crime type.
Contextual Beliefs in a Nigerian Quasi-Judicial Public Hearing
Authors: Unuabonah Foluke Olayinka
Published: October 2014

This study examines the contextual beliefs held by interactants in the 2008 quasi-judicial public hearing on the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja Administration in Nigeria, using Odebunmi’s (2006) model of context. The data for the study includes forty video recordings of the 2008 quasi-judicial public hearing on the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja Administration in Nigeria. The findings indicate that the shared contextual beliefs in the public hearing are based on shared knowledge of the public hearing aims and procedure, legal codes regarding landed property, government involvement and knowledge of Abuja metropolis.
The impact of the American Civil War on city growth
Authors: Sanso-Navarro Marcos , Sanz Fernando , Vera-Cabello María
Published: October 2014

This paper analyses the persistence of the shock caused by the American Civil War on the relative city size distribution of the USA. Two features make the study of this conflict interesting. First, it took place at an earlier stage of the industrialisation and urbanisation processes than those previously analysed in the related literature. Second, the battles were fought in the open field, not in urban areas. In line with previous results for the Second World War in Japanese and German cities, our findings suggest that the effects of the shock were transitory. Furthermore, some evidence regarding the possible presence of a ‘safe harbour effect’ is reported.
The outsourcing of control: Alcohol law enforcement, private-sector governance and the evening and night-time economy
Authors: Hadfield Phil , Measham Fiona
Published: October 2014

England and Wales have experienced a decade of transformation concerning the legislative governance of urban public drinking spaces, yet the Evening and Night-time Economy (ENTE) retains its position at the top of ‘community safety’ agendas. This article reflects upon our research on alcohol law enforcement. We explore how some alcohol laws are ill-fit-for-purpose, whilst others are considered too difficult, or costly, to pursue. Subtle negotiations of compliance in which regulator and regulated form ‘partnerships’ are, at best, increasing trust and the flow of intelligence, and at worst, breeding complacency, inaction and regulatory capture. Gaps between headline statutory objectives and their delivery through policy implementation are being filled by corporate actors mobilising resources in line with central government predilections towards the outsourcing of control. In particular, the alcohol and hospitality industries promote ‘voluntary alternatives’ to the statutory roles and enforcement powers of city authorities and police. Replacing traditional law enforcement activity with self-regulation by alco-centric commercial interests is unlikely to assist attempts by public bodies, NGOs and other business sectors to engineer more diversified and inclusive urban nightscapes.
Continuity and Rupture in the Labor and Piquetero Movements in Argentine Patagonia, 1990–2011
Authors: Álvarez Gonzalo Pérez
Published: October 2014

The piquetero (picketer) movement of unemployed workers developed in a region of Argentina whose socioeconomic structure was profoundly transformed in the 1990s by the changes brought about by neoliberalism. The development of the movement revealed both continuity and change with regard to organizational traditions among the region’s working class, including organizational forms, methods of protest, and relationships among different groups of workers. In 2001 the working class’s potential for protest produced a rupture in the formerly dominant bloc, but this potential had its limits: there was no capacity for formulating an alternative program. The employed working class did not take on the role that would have been necessary, and without its participation the tasks at hand were too great. In the context of economic recovery, the majority of the working class opted to improve their personal situations rather than question the fundamental elements of the social order. However, a new level of consciousness was expressed through the increasing importance of union opposition and the continuity of protest strategies with elements of strong social confrontation.

El movimiento piquetero de trabajadores desempleados se desarrolló en una región de Argentina cuya estructura socioeconómica fue profundamente transformada en los años 90 por los cambios provocados por el neoliberalismo. El desarrollo del movimiento revela tanto la continuidad y el cambio con respecto a las tradiciones de organización en la clase obrera de la región, incluyendo las formas de organización, métodos de protesta, y las relaciones entre los diferentes grupos de trabajadores. En 2001 el potencial de la clase obrera para la protesta había producido una ruptura en el bloque anteriormente dominante, pero este potencial tenía sus límites: no había capacidad para formular un programa alternativo. La clase obrera empleada no asumía el rol que habría sido necesario, y sin su participación las tareas a mano eran demasiado grandes. En el contexto de la recuperación económica, la mayoría de la clase obrera optó por mejorar su situación personal en lugar de cuestionar los elementos fundamentales del orden social. Sin embargo, un nuevo nivel de conciencia se expresó a través de la creciente importancia de la oposición de los sindicatos y la continuidad de las estrategias de protesta con elementos de fuerte confrontación social.
Stiffness measurement of radial hybrid magnetic bearing in MSFW
Authors: Sun Jinji , Bai Guochang , Li Lijun
Published: October 2014

To measure the current stiffness and displacement stiffness of a radial hybrid magnetic bearing, a new stiffness measurement method is proposed for a magnetically suspended flywheel (MSFW). Firstly, the suspension force and stiffness characteristics of the radial hybrid magnetic bearing are studied using magnetic circuit method and finite element method. Secondly, a detailed stiffness measurement method for a radial hybrid magnetic bearing is proposed. It has two procedures: one is the determination of the relationship between the rotor displacement and the corresponding current when the gravity of the rotor is in the + X (or + Y) direction and − X (or − Y) direction respectively, and the other is the calculation of the current stiffness and the displacement stiffness of the radial hybrid magnetic bearing in an MSFW according to the relationship between the rotor displacement and the current. Three prototype MSFWs with angular moments of 15 Nms are manufactured, and they mainly consist of two axial hybrid magnetic bearings and one radial hybrid magnetic bearing. The proposed stiffness measurement method of the radial hybrid magnetic bearing is verified by all prototype experiments.
The Vlaams Belang: The Rhetoric of Organizational Identity
Authors: Moufahim Mona , Reedy Patrick , Humphreys Michael
Published: October 2014

In this paper we combine work on rhetorical strategies with that of organizational identity theory. We highlight the relationship between organizational identity and the deployment of discursive resources at the societal level by organizations seeking to influence such identities. We analyse the way in which an extreme right political organization, the Vlaams Belang, has used rhetorical framing and strategies to construct a collective identity. This framing is aimed at persuading potential supporters of the organization to identify themselves with it. We argue that these frames derive their characteristic form and power from broader social and political processes that are given insufficient attention in published work on identity in organizations. We discuss the implications of our study for organizational theory, particularly the political and ethical questions raised by the use of potentially manipulative strategies. We conclude with a discussion of the ethical problems that arise when an organization’s managers attempt to direct identity formation by exploiting a persistent desire for stability and continuity in a world where it becomes ever more elusive.
National Operative Case Log Growth Charts in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Training
Authors: Jabbour Noel , Tsue Terance
Published: October 2014

Objective

To report national standard case log growth curves for operative procedures in otolaryngology and to describe a method by which program directors can chart surgical case numbers over resident training to longitudinally assess sufficiency of cases and parity between residents.

Study Design

Data visualization and analysis.

Setting

American Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) national case log data for otolaryngology residency.

Subjects

National data set; no individual subjects.

Methods

National statistical case log reports for otolaryngology were obtained from the ACGME for each postgraduate year (PGY) level in 2009, 2010, and 2011. Estimated means and standard deviations were calculated. The mean and increments of standard deviation were graphed against time to create case log growth charts, similar to pediatric growth charts.

Results

Case log growth charts were made for each ACGME Otolaryngology Residency Review Committee key indicator procedure. Progress of an individual resident or of a cohort of residents may be graphed against this growth chart background over their training time.

Conclusions

National operative case log growth charts allow residents and program directors to graphically assess progress in obtaining a sufficient variety and number of operative procedures over time throughout training. This can provide early identification when residents begin to fall below the growth curve during training.
Neoplastic zebras of venous thrombosis: Diagnostic challenges in vascular medicine
Authors: Cornejo A , Lekah A , Kurklinsky AK
Published: October 2014

Venous thrombosis is a common medical problem. Imaging differentiation of neoplasms and venous clots may prove challenging. We report three cases of “mistaken identities” of venous thrombi and neoplasms on the basis of clinical findings and different imaging modalities: ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Imaging studies are not always reliable and consideration of clinical features, including pretest probability, is necessary for correct diagnosis. A combination of imaging modalities and biopsies is needed for correct diagnosis in some cases.
Sampling-based A* algorithm for robot path-planning
Authors: Persson Sven Mikael , Sharf Inna
Published: October 2014

This paper presents a generalization of the classic A* algorithm to the domain of sampling-based motion planning. The root assumptions of the A* algorithm are examined and reformulated in a manner that enables a direct use of the search strategy as the driving force behind the generation of new samples in a motion graph. Formal analysis is presented to show probabilistic completeness and convergence of the method. This leads to a highly exploitative method which does not sacrifice entropy. Many improvements are presented to this versatile method, most notably, an optimal connection strategy, a bias towards the goal region via an Anytime A* heuristic, and balancing of exploration and exploitation on a simulated annealing schedule. Empirical results are presented to assess the proposed method both qualitatively and quantitatively in the context of high-dimensional planning problems. The potential of the proposed methods is apparent, both in terms of reliability and quality of solutions found.
Clines Without Classes
Authors: Fujimura Joan H. , Bolnick Deborah A. , Rajagopalan Ramya , Kaufman Jay S. , Lewontin Richard C. , Duster Troy , Ossorio Pilar , Marks Jonathan
Published: October 2014

This article examines Shiao, Bode, Beyer, and Selvig’s (2012) arguments in their article “The Genomic Challenge to the Social Construction of Race” and finds that their claims are based on fundamentally flawed interpretations of current genetic research. We discuss current genomic and genetic knowledge about human biological variation to demonstrate why and how Shiao et al.’s recommendations for future sociological studies and social policy, based on their inadequate understanding of genomic methods and evidence, are similarly flawed and will lead sociology astray.
Plan Quality Evaluation 1994–2012
Authors: Lyles Ward , Stevens Mark
Published: October 2014

During the last twenty years, more than forty-five publications have sought to measure and evaluate the quality of plans using content analysis methods. We examine reasons for this growth in the literature and its contributions and limitations. We also examine whether the research methods described in these publications conform to recommended practices in the methodological literature on content analysis to determine whether plan quality researchers are likely to be generating reliable and reproducible plan quality data. We provide seven recommendations plan quality researchers can follow to address these weaknesses and improve the reliability and reproducibility of their data.
Régimes d’activité dans la création d’entreprises
Authors: Barthe Jean-François , Chauvac Nathalie , Grossetti Michel
Published: October 2014

Activity Patterns in Entrepreneurship - This survey presents an analysis of activity patterns of business being created, which are studied through multiple interviews and narrative syntheses. The qualitative analysis of the accumuated stories shows that we can distinguish balance between activities and projects that differ depending on whether the companies are in a project phase, an exploration phase, a stabilization phase in a market, a crisis phas or a survival phase. Coding sequences on the basis of periods of one year allows systematic analysis and the construction of a typology of trajectories.
Validation of an actuator disk model for numerical simulation of propeller
Authors: Li Bo , Lu Hao , Deng Shuanghou
Published: October 2014

In this article, an actuator disk model for simulating propeller is presented by coupling the momentum and the blade element theories. The pressure jump across the disk is computed by integrating the blade aerodynamic characteristics of specific geometric topology, three-dimensional induced velocities and tip-loss correction. Validations have been performed to assess the simulated ability of the developed actuator disk model. The computational results show a good agreement of the experimental data in terms of thrust and torque coefficients. Moreover, the flow visualization indicated a considerable accuracy by comparing with full modelling computation. The actuator disk model can be therefore be regarded as a reliable model for predicting propeller flow.
The association of human papillomavirus vaccination with sexual behaviours and human papillomavirus knowledge: a systematic review
Authors: Coles Victoria AH , Patel Ajay S , Allen Felicity L , Keeping Sam T , Carroll Stuart M
Published: October 2014

Since the 2008 introduction of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme for adolescent girls in the UK, parents and other groups have expressed fears that immunisation condones sexual activity, promotes promiscuity and encourages risky sexual behaviour. This study aimed to explore whether HPV vaccination programmes have increased knowledge surrounding HPV and associated disease and whether uptake has influenced sexual behaviour. MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO electronic databases were interrogated. Studies of behaviour, attitudes and knowledge associated with HPV vaccination (or vaccination intent) in subjects of any age and gender in programmes reflective of UK practice were included in the review ( n = 58). The evidence regarding the association of HPV vaccination with high-risk sexual behaviour was varied, primarily due to the heterogeneous nature of the included studies. Young females typically exhibited better knowledge than males, and vaccinated respondents (or those with vaccination intent) had higher levels of knowledge than the unvaccinated. However, knowledge surrounding HPV and genital warts was generally poor. This review highlights the need to provide effective education regarding the HPV vaccine and HPV-associated disease to adolescents of vaccination age, nurses, teachers, parents and guardians to ultimately allow informed decisions to be made regarding receipt of the HPV vaccine.
Performance of actively controlled domestic heat storage devices in a smart grid
Authors: Clarke Joe , Hand Jon , Kim Jae-min , Samuel Aizaz , Svehla Katalin
Published: October 2014

Distributed, small-scale energy storage has been identified as a means of improving load factors for intermittent renewable generation and displacing the need for fossil-based backup. Domestic electric storage heaters operating within a smart grid offer high density, controllable energy storage at low cost, allowing the network operator to shift demand by charging heaters to dispose of excess supply. This paper reports monitoring outcomes and simulation studies on the first field trials of such a system, in which heaters are capable of responding to instructions from the grid to vary charging level at 15-min intervals, as well as to occupant-set controls on power output. Monitoring found significant unexpected out-of-schedule power draw and under-utilisation of storage capacity. Alternative approaches to scheduling were tested using simulations, and evaluated using metrics to quantify schedule following as well as other aspects of performance to give a balanced view of system performance to the network operator. Modern insulated storage heaters are capable of supporting load shifting for up to 48 h with minimal impact on room temperatures or demand, and with high confidence that charging schedules will be followed. However, where device controllers compete with centrally generated charge scheduling, the network will experience significant out-of-schedule power draw while occupants will experience either lower temperatures or increased cost.
Staged Treatment of High Energy Midfoot Fracture Dislocations
Authors: Kadow Tiffany R. , Siska Peter A. , Evans Andrew R. , Sands Steven S. , Tarkin Ivan S.
Published: October 2014

Background:

Staged care with interval external fixation is a successful established treatment strategy for high energy periarticular fractures with often extensive soft tissue damage such as the tibial plateau and plafond. The aim of the current study was to determine whether staged care of high energy midfoot fracture/dislocation with interval external fixation prior to definitive open reconstruction in the polytraumatized patient was both safe and efficacious.

Methods:

One hundred twenty-three patients were operated on for high energy midfoot fracture/dislocation during the 8-year study period. Eighteen polytrauma patients were selectively treated with a staged protocol. Radiographic assessment was utilized to determine if the fixator achieved gross skeletal alignment. Further, final alignment after definitive reconstruction and postoperative complications were analyzed.

Results:

The fixator improved both length and alignment of all high energy midfoot fracture/dislocations. Loss of acceptable reduction while in the temporary frame occurred in only 1 case. Final alignment after definitive reconstruction was anatomic in all cases. No cases of wound-related complication and/or deep infection occurred.

Conclusion:

Delayed reconstruction of high energy midfoot fracture/dislocation using interval external fixation should be an accepted care paradigm in selected polytrauma patients.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Utilization patterns for oral oncology medications in a specialty pharmacy cycle management program
Authors: Deutsch Sarah , Koerner Pamela , Miller Richard T , Craft Zoie , Fancher Karen
Published: October 2014

Background

The cycle management program (CMP) was implemented in 2008 at a national specialty pharmacy with a focus on providing specialized counseling and monitoring for patients on select oral oncology medications. The program now includes nine medications: bexarotene, dasatinib, erlotinib, everolimus, nilotinib, pazopanib, sorafenib, sunitinib, and vorinostat. Patients receive frequent assessments to encourage adherence, identify adverse events, and track discontinuations through a pharmacist outreach at the initiation of therapy, day 10 and 20 of the first month, then monthly thereafter. The use of oral agents is increasing in cancer patients, shifting away from regimens exclusively involving intravenous chemotherapy. This offers advantages for patients in terms of convenience, but introduces risk as patients become more responsible for the administration and monitoring of the medications.

Purpose

To evaluate utilization patterns of the oral oncology medications in the CMP including adverse event occurrence, medication discontinuations, and adherence markers.

Methods

This study is a retrospective review of patient-reported data from the CMP assessments completed in 2013. Data collected include adverse events and grades, adherence markers, and discontinuation rates. A total of 1163 assessments were reviewed from 557 patients. The assessments included in the analysis were the initial assessment, 10-day assessment, 20-day assessment, and the first monthly follow-up assessment, which encompasses the first two months of therapy.

Results

A total of 1453 adverse events were reported. Adverse events were cited as the reason for 39% of discontinuations and 28% of missed/held doses. A total of 101 discontinuations were reported across the nine CMP medications based on the first two months of data. Missed or held doses were reported in 130 assessments.

Conclusions

Patient engagement and pharmacist interventions, through programs such as the CMP, are important to help patients manage these complex, high-risk medications.