bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structures agraires traditionnelles et révolution agricole dans les campagnes périgourdines
Authors: Pijassou René
Published: January 2016

Le Périgord connaît actuellement une renaissance remarquable de son économie rurale. Les terroirs agricoles hétérogènes traduisent l'adaptation aux conditions complexes des sols et du modelé ; l'agencement parcellaire porte témoignage d'une longue histoire agraire marquée par des périodes de discontinuité de l'occupation du sol. La polyculture traditionnelle s'inscrivait dans le cadre de la grande propriété exploitée par métairies ; la crise phylloxérique des années 1875-1880 qui anéantit l'important vignoble périgourdin accéléra le dépeuplement et désorganisa l'ancienne économie rurale. Après plusieurs décennies de tâtonnements et de désespoir, un vent de modernisation souffle sur ces campagnes ; on défriche les coteaux pour étendre la fraisiculture ou pour cultiver la prairie temporaire ; des expériences de grande culture revigorent les grands domaines ; les vergers modernes font la conquête des coteaux et des grandes vallées ; les mentalités paysannes sont en pleine transformation ; une société rurale nouvelle s'élabore.
L'évolution économique et humaine de Las Hurdes (Espagne)
Authors: Couderc Jean-Marie
Published: January 2016

La région montagneuse de Las Hurdes (Province de Caceres) a toujours été considérée comme la contrée la plus pauvre d'Espagne. Après la Guerre civile, le gouvernement actuel a voulu combattre la misère par une série de grands travaux (irrigation, reboisement, routes...). Les réalisations ont été importantes mais on n'a pas assez tenu compte de la Qualité de Las Hurdes. Seules les zones les moins élevées, ouvertes sur l'extérieur, sont en rapide transformation. Dans les hautes vallées au contraire, l'extension des cultures est impossible, l'émigration reste insignifiante et la misère et le surpeuplement persistent d'autant plus que, avec l'arrivée de médecins, la mortalité a diminué alors que la natalité est toujours très forte.
L'industrie sidérurgique espagnole : son évolution, ses problèmes
Authors: Daumas Max
Published: January 2016

La pénurie de coke, la faiblesse des activités industrielles nationales, le manque de capitaux surtout ont longtemps retardé l'essor de l'industrie sidérurgique espagnole, malgré l'abondance de la production minière qui, contrôlée à l'origine par des sociétés étrangères, était pour l'essentiel destinée à l'exportation. Le fort accroissement de la demande sur le marché national à partir de 1945, avec le développement économique du pays, a provoqué un essor considérable, la production d'acier passant de 575 000 t en 1945 à 3 515 000 t en 1965. Ce résultat a été obtenu jusqu'ici moins par la transformation des centres déjà existant dans les régions littorales, Pays basque (Biscaye), Asturies et Santander, Levant (Sagunto), que par la création d'un complexe intégré moderne à Avilés par une société filiale de l'Institut National de l'Industrie (ENSIDESA). Les Asturies sont ainsi devenues la première région sidérurgique d'Espagne. La production reste cependant insuffisante et onéreuse, le matériel des installations traditionnelles est vieilli et une reconversion s'impose. Elle semble devoir être menée à bien par les grands trusts du secteur privé (Altos Hornos de Vizcaya, UNINSA).
Une enquête dans les comarques pyrénéennes en Catalogne (1970-1979)
Authors: Tulla Antoni F.
Published: January 2016

Una experiencia de treball sobre el terreny a les comarques pirinenques de Catalunya (1970-1979). — L'Ait Pirineu representa a prop de 20 % de la superficie de Catalunya (Principat), pero no gaifé mes de l' l% de la seva poblado. L'autor explica com, a l'ocasió d'una enqiaesta geográfica sobre la producció Hetera, va comprendre el procès d'integració de les explotacions rurals al circuit de comercialització capitalista i va constatar que aquest procès porta a una desestructuració de la societat rural i de l'espai comarcal ; en aquest punt, no dissimula que els résultats de l'enquesta geográfica han pogut subministrar arguments en les discussions politiques i que els geôgrafs mateixos han pogut intervenir en elles.
Relief et déformations récentes : trois transversales dans les fossés internes des chaînes ibériques orientales
Authors: Moissenet Étienne
Published: January 2016

Après une présentation de l'évolution générale des Chaînes ibériques cette étude envisage la genèse des fossés intramontagneux de la région de Teruel à l'aide de trois coupes caractéristiques. La première aborde le problème de la formation quartzitique culminante de la Sierra Pelarda dans ses relations avec le fossé de Catalayud et celui de Calamocha. Les deux autres montrent le rôle des déformations intra ou post-pliocènes dans le Nord du fossé de Teruel (vallée moyenne de l'Alfambra) et au sud de la même unité à proximité d'Ademuz.
Problèmes de la forêt au Portugal
Authors: Devy-Vareta Nicole
Published: January 2016

En moins de deux siècles, la physionomie des paysages portugais a été profondément modifiée par l'accroissement de la superficie forestière, dirigé ou encouragé par l'Etat et par l'évolution économique. Mais le trop lent déblocage des structures rurales a provoqué une marginalisation sociale des milieux forestiers, dévoilée par les mutations récentes de la propriété et de l'exploitation agro-forestières. De plus, la politique forestière de l'Etat est restée essentiellement fondée sur le reboisement et l'élaboration d'une législation inapplicable localement. Les massifs forestiers portugais, jeunes pour la plupart, sont ainsi caractérisés par une certaine fragilité sociale. Actuellement renforcée par un enjeu forestier croissant, elle met en danger l'équilibre écologique des forêts.
Les immigrés dans la ville. Analyse d'un espace écologique à Toulouse
Authors: Serra Santana Ema
Published: January 2016

La densité de la population immigrée est plus élevée au centre de la ville de Toulouse que vers sa périphérie : cela suffit à montrer qu'il existe, pour ces travailleurs, un espace urbain particulier. Mais on constate aussi que le centre accueille plus d'isolés, tandis que les travailleurs installés avec leur famille se fixent plus souvent vers la périphérie. L'utilisation quotidienne de l'espace urbain et ses rythmes ne sont pas les mêmes selon qu'il s'agit des fractions masculine et féminine de cette population ; elle ne correspond guère à l'utilisation qu'en fait la population française.
Les producteurs de tabac dans les campagnes du Sud-Ouest de la France
Authors: Cadène Philippe
Published: January 2016

Pratiquée surtout dans le Sud-Ouest, de façon plus ou moins importante selon les régions, la culture du tabac est en péril. La politique gouvernementale à son égard est sans grand changement depuis 1811. Si, en 1970, la liberté de culture étant décidée sur le territoire de la CEE et des primes étant distribuées, la culture se développe, ce boom est sans lendemain. Le SEITA, coopérant avec la FNPT suivant le plan agricole national, accentue la sélection entre les tabaculteurs par le biais de la « modernisation ». Aussi la place et le rôle du tabac varient-ils selon le type d'exploitation agricole. L'étude de ces deux facteurs, ainsi que celle des raisons du choix de cette culture, permet de différencier des groupes de planteurs qui appartiennent à diverses couches sociales, même s'ils se considèrent comme un groupe solidaire.
Machines agricoles et transformations sociales : accès au matériel agricole en CUMA et organisations agricoles dans deux cantons de Haute-Garonne
Authors: Mc Arthur John A.
Published: January 2016

Agricultural machinery and social change : access to machines through machinery cooperatives (cuma), and the impact of agricultural organisations in two cantons of the department of Haute-Garonne. — Agricultural mechanisation is a relatively recent phenomenon among the small peasant farms of Southwestern France, and one important channel of development has been the agricultural machinery cooperatives (cuma). This article looks at the way peasants gain access to machinery in a region where various organisations have sought to encourage these cooperatives. The cuma is established by the intervention of an outsider in the local community, the particular agricultural and social context in which the cooperative must function. It was found that the cooperatives tended to run according to the existing patterns of interaction among members of the community. The drawbacks of purchasing and using machinery together with others were keenly perceived by the peasants in view of the differences between the « traditional » and more advanced among them, and unless the cooperative could create an organisational structure to overcome this, the advanced peasants tended to monopolize the benefits of development for themselves. The experience of the four communities studied suggests that there is no continuum between individualism and the development of a « cooperative spirit ».
Présentation de l'agriculture biologique dans le Lot-et-Garonne
Authors: Viel Jeanne-Marie
Published: January 2016

Le Lot-et-Garonne est un des départements français qui compte le plus d'agrobiologistes. Touché tardivement par l'intensification agricole, ce département a connu en effet une modernisation rapide, entraînant la disparition de nombreuses exploitations agricoles. Des agriculteurs limités dans leurs structures d'exploitation ont alors vu dans l'agriculture biologique le moyen de survivre en freinant leur course à la productivité : en réduisant leurs charges et en leur garantissant pour de nombreux produits une « prime » à la qualité biologique, elle leur permet en effet de dégager une valeur ajoutée supérieure à celle d'exploitations classiques similaires. Aujourd'hui par une concurrence encore réduite mais qui risque de s'accentuer, les agrobiologistes souhaitent améliorer leurs techniques, sans toutefois abandonner leur spécificité biologique.
Le quartier Bellefontaine du Mirail : les contradictions d'un quartier de Toulouse
Authors: Alexandre Christine
Published: January 2016

L'auteur a observé dans le quartier Bellefontaine, un des éléments de l'ensemble urbain du Mirail, à Toulouse, quelques-unes des contradictions vécues par les habitants et qui prennent la suite des polémiques entretenues entre les spécialistes au moment de l'élaboration et de la construction des logements et des équipements de cette ZUP. Elle a procédé à l'analyse des discours et à des enquêtes et mis en lumière diverses discordances entre discours officiel et populaire et réalité statistique. Recherchant ensuite les motivations de la mobilité de la population résidente, elle met en évidence quelques éléments susceptibles de structurer la vie du quartier.
Le recensement de 1982 dans Midi-Pyrénées. Premiers résultats
Authors: Coppolani Jean
Published: January 2016

On the first results of the population census of 1982 in Midi-Pyrénées. According to the first available data, the region's population growth was lower than the national rate, urban population growth decreased, a new distribution trend appeared in the cities with absolutes decreases of population in the inner cores and a maintained extension of the outer suburban rings, larger population losses were registered in industrial towns and rural population decline has not stopped.
Evolution d'une ville industrielle et portuaire de l'Espagne du sud-est : Carthagène
Authors: Andrès Sarasa José Luis
Published: January 2016

Le noyau portuaire de Carthagène, position stratégique en Méditerranée occidentale, a été choisi dans le cadre de la politique centralisatrice espagnole pour exercer successivement trois fonctions d'ordre militaire puis commerciales (exportations de minerais, importations de pétrole brut). Parallèlement, trois étapes bien distinctes marquent l'évolution urbaine : d'abord les emprises militaires déterminent le réseau urbain ; ensuite, croissance économique et démographique augmentent la demande de terrain à bâtir, entraînant la mise au point d'un plan d'extension, remodelage et assainissement ; enfin, la conversion du port en premier point d'importation de matière énergétique dans la décennie 1960 provoque dans la vie urbaine et le paysage urbain des transformations décisives.
L'activité touristique dans la province d'Alicante
Authors: Dumas Danielle
Published: January 2016

La province d'Alicante est l'une des plus importantes régions touristiques littorales d'Espagne Depuis 1960 la croissance du nombre des touristes et des hébergements de tous types est très rapide. Les touristes étrangers sont les plus nombreux. La croissance des stations s'est faite sans aucun plan d'ensemble et le littoral se présente à l'heure actuelle comme une succession quasi ininterrompue d'urbanisations touristiques et de stations sur plus de 200 km. Au nord, les stations de Calpe, Javea et Altea sont caractérisées par la multiplication des lotissements de maisons individuelles où dominent les Allemands. Benidorm, ville qui peut accueillir 200000 visiteurs dans ses nombreuses tours, fonctionne surtout grâce aux voyagistes nord-européens et reçoit des touristes toute l'année Le Sud de la province, animé seulement l'été, est composé d'urbanisations relativement isolées des villes. La population a considérablement augmenté dans les municipalités du littoral et le déséquilibre entre la côte et l'intérieur s'est accentué.
Simultaneous cancer control and diagnosis with magnetic nanohybrid materials
Authors: Saadat Reza , Renz Franz
Published: January 2016

Coated magnetite nanoparticles were linked to 68Ga complexes used in the positron emission tomography (PET) for a new technical approach to detect cancer tissue with radiopharmaceuticals. By substitution of the Ga isotope with an alpha emitter the same compound could be used for cancer treatment. Furthermore the nanoparticles were connected to pH-sensitive complexes, enabling a pH-controlled assembly/disassembly and therefore the spreading of the particles in the tissue. With this novel method of combining detection and treatment simultaneously, the amount of medical exposure could be minimized for the patient. The results demonstrate that magnetite nanoparticles can effectively be functionalized with PET isotopes and pH sensitive complexes in order to use them as a new type of radiopharmaceuticals.
FROM PLANETESIMALS TO PLANETS IN TURBULENT PROTOPLANETARY DISKS. I. ONSET OF RUNAWAY GROWTH
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Tanaka Hidekazu , Okuzumi Satoshi
Published: January 2016

When planetesimals grow via collisions in a turbulent disk, stirring through density fluctuation caused by turbulence effectively increases the relative velocities between planetesimals, which suppresses the onset of runaway growth. We investigate the onset of runaway growth in a turbulent disk through simulations that calculate the mass and velocity evolution of planetesimals. When planetesimals are small, the average relative velocity between planetesimals,

, is much greater than their surface escape velocity,

, so that runaway growth does not occur. As planetesimals become large via collisional growth,

approaches

. When

, runaway growth of the planetesimals occurs. During the oligarchic growth subsequent to runaway growth, a small number of planetary embryos produced via runaway growth become massive through collisions with planetesimals with radii of that at the onset of runaway growth,

. We analytically derive

as a function of the turbulent strength. Growing

embryos that are suitable to become the cores of Jupiter and Saturn requires

km, which is similar to the proposed fossil feature in the size distribution of main belt asteroids. In contrast, the formation of Mars as quickly as suggested from Hf-W isotope studies requires small planetesimals at the onset of runaway growth. Thus, the conditions required to form Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn and the size distribution of the main-belt asteroids indicate that the turbulence increased in amplitude relative to the sound speed with increasing distance from the young Sun.
ROTATION AND WINDS OF EXOPLANET HD 189733 b MEASURED WITH HIGH-DISPERSION TRANSMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Brogi M. , Kok R. J. de , Albrecht S. , Snellen I. A. G. , Birkby J. L. , Schwarz H.
Published: January 2016

Giant exoplanets orbiting very close to their parent star (hot Jupiters) are subject to tidal forces expected to synchronize their rotational and orbital periods on short timescales (tidal locking). However, spin rotation has never been measured directly for hot Jupiters. Furthermore, their atmospheres can show equatorial super-rotation via strong eastward jet streams, and/or high-altitude winds flowing from the day- to the night-side hemisphere. Planet rotation and atmospheric circulation broaden and distort the planet spectral lines to an extent that is detectable with measurements at high spectral resolution. We observed a transit of the hot Jupiter HD 189733 b around 2.3 μm and at a spectral resolution of R∼105 with CRIRES at the ESO Very Large Telescope. After correcting for the stellar absorption lines and their distortion during transit (the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect), we detect the absorption of carbon monoxide and water vapor in the planet transmission spectrum by cross-correlating with model spectra. The signal is maximized (7.6σ) for a planet rotational velocity of

km s−1, corresponding to a rotational period of

days. This is consistent with the planet orbital period of 2.2 days, and therefore with tidal locking. We find that the rotation of HD 189733 b is longer than 1 day (3σ). The data only marginally (1.5σ) prefer models with rotation versus models without rotation. We measure a small day- to night-side wind speed of

km s−1. Compared to the recent detection of sodium blueshifted by

km s−1, this likely implies a strong vertical wind shear between the pressures probed by near-infrared and optical transmission spectroscopy.
THE RUNAWAYS AND ISOLATED O-TYPE STAR SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY OF THE SMC (RIOTS4)*
Authors: Lamb J. B. , Oey M. S. , Segura-Cox D. M. , Graus A. S. , Kiminki D. C. , Golden-Marx J. B. , Parker J. Wm.
Published: January 2016

We present the Runaways and Isolated O-Type Star Spectroscopic Survey of the SMC (RIOTS4), a spatially complete survey of uniformly selected field OB stars that covers the entire star-forming body of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). Using the IMACS (Inamori-Magellan Areal Camera and Spectrograph) multislit spectrograph and MIKE (Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle) echelle spectrograph on the Magellan telescopes, we obtained spectra of 374 early-type field stars that are at least 28 pc from any other OB candidates. We also obtained spectra of an additional 23 field stars in the SMC bar identified from slightly different photometric criteria. Here, we present the observational catalog of stars in the RIOTS4 survey, including spectral classifications and radial velocities. For three multi-slit fields covering 8% of our sample, we carried out monitoring observations over 9–16 epochs to study binarity, finding a spectroscopic, massive binary frequency of at least ∼60% in this subsample. Classical Oe/Be stars represent a large fraction of RIOTS4 (42%), occurring at much higher frequency than in the Galaxy, consistent with expectation at low metallicity. RIOTS4 confirmed a steep upper initial mass function in the field, apparently caused by the inability of the most massive stars to form in the smallest clusters. Our survey also yields evidence for in situ field OB star formation, and properties of field emission-line star populations, including sgB[e] stars and classical Oe/Be stars. We also discuss the radial velocity distribution and its relation to SMC kinematics and runaway stars. RIOTS4 presents a first quantitative characterization of field OB stars in an external galaxy, including the contributions of sparse, but normal, star formation; runaway stars; and candidate isolated star formation.
NEAR-INFRARED OBSERVATIONS OF SiO MASER-EMITTING ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH (AGB) STARS
Authors: Chibueze James O. , Miyahara Takeshi , Omodaka Toshihiro , Ohta Takashi , Fujii Takahiro , Tanaka Masuo , Motohara Kentaro , Makoto Miyoshi
Published: January 2016

Near-infrared (NIR) monitoring observations of asymptotic giant branch stars exciting bright SiO masers have been made with the 1 m telescope of Kagoshima University. In order to investigate the properties of these stars and their envelopes, we combined our NIR photometric data with mid- and far-infrared flux data obtained by the IRAS satellite, SiO maser flux data provided by the Nobeyama Radio Observatory, visual magnitude data provided by the AAVSO, and the reported data on the expansion velocities of the circumstellar envelopes. The absolute magnitudes at the K-band and the distances are estimated using the period–luminosity relation of Mira variables determined by Feast et al. Then, mass-loss rates and isotropic luminosities of an SiO maser are estimated. The mass-loss rates range from approximately 10−8 

 to over 10−5 

. We found that the NIR pulsation amplitudes are correlated with the pulsation periods and the observed wavelengths. We also found correlations of the isotropic luminosities of SiO masers with the mass-loss rates and absolute magnitudes at the K-band. These results will help us to understand the pumping mechanism of SiO masers. We measured, for the first time, the periods and/or NIR magnitudes of TX Cam, BW Cam, IRAS 06297+4045, IRAS 18387–0423, and RT Cep.
THE SFR–M* RELATION AND EMPIRICAL STAR FORMATION HISTORIES FROM ZFOURGE AT 0.5 < z < 4*
Authors: Tomczak Adam R. , Quadri Ryan F. , Tran Kim-Vy H. , Labbé Ivo , Straatman Caroline M. S. , Papovich Casey , Glazebrook Karl , Allen Rebecca , Brammer Gabreil B. , Cowley Michael , Dickinson Mark , Elbaz David , Inami Hanae , Kacprzak Glenn G. , Morrison Glenn E. , Nanayakkara Themiya , Persson S. Eric , Rees Glen A. , Salmon Brett , Schreiber Corentin , Spitler Lee R. , Whitaker Katherine E.
Published: January 2016

We explore star formation histories (SFHs) of galaxies based on the evolution of the star formation rate stellar mass relation (SFR–M
*). Using data from the FourStar Galaxy Evolution Survey (ZFOURGE) in combination with far-IR imaging from the Spitzer and Herschel observatories we measure the SFR–M
* relation at 0.5 < z < 4. Similar to recent works we find that the average infrared spectral energy distributions of galaxies are roughly consistent with a single infrared template across a broad range of redshifts and stellar masses, with evidence for only weak deviations. We find that the SFR–M
* relation is not consistent with a single power law of the form

at any redshift; it has a power law slope of α ∼ 1 at low masses, and becomes shallower above a turnover mass (M
0) that ranges from 109.5 to 1010.8
M
⊙, with evidence that M
0 increases with redshift. We compare our measurements to results from state-of-the-art cosmological simulations, and find general agreement in the slope of the SFR–M
* relation albeit with systematic offsets. We use the evolving SFR–M
* sequence to generate SFHs, finding that typical SFRs of individual galaxies rise at early times and decline after reaching a peak. This peak occurs earlier for more massive galaxies. We integrate these SFHs to generate mass growth histories and compare to the implied mass growth from the evolution of the stellar mass function (SMF). We find that these two estimates are in broad qualitative agreement, but that there is room for improvement at a more detailed level. At early times the SFHs suggest mass growth rates that are as much as 10× higher than inferred from the SMF. However, at later times the SFHs under-predict the inferred evolution, as is expected in the case of additional growth due to mergers.
QUASAR VARIABILITY IN THE MID-INFRARED
Authors: Kozłowski Szymon , Kochanek Christopher S. , Ashby Matthew L. N. , Assef Roberto J. , Brodwin Mark , Eisenhardt Peter R. , Jannuzi Buell T. , Stern Daniel
Published: January 2016

The Decadal IRAC Boötes Survey is a mid-IR variability survey of the ∼9 sq. deg. of the NDWFS Boötes Field and extends the time baseline of its predecessor, the Spitzer Deep, Wide-Field Survey (SDWFS), from 4 to 10 years. The Spitzer Space Telescope visited the field five times between 2004 and 2014 at 3.6 and 4.5 μm. We provide the difference image analysis photometry for a half a million mostly extragalactic sources. In mid-IR color–color plane, sources with quasar colors constitute the largest variability class (75%), 16% of the variable objects have stellar colors and the remaining 9% have the colors of galaxies. Adding the fifth epoch doubles the number of variable active galactic nuclei (AGNs) for the same false positive rates as in SDWFS, or increases the number of sources by 20% while decreasing the false positive rates by factors of 2–3 for the same variability amplitude. We quantify the ensemble mid-IR variability of ∼1500 spectroscopically confirmed AGNs using single power-law structure functions (SFs), which we find to be steeper (index

) than in the optical (

), leading to much lower amplitudes at short time-lags. This provides evidence for large emission regions, smoothing out any fast UV/optical variations, as the origin of infrared quasar variability. The mid-IR AGN SF slope γ seems to be uncorrelated with both the luminosity and rest-frame wavelength, while the amplitude shows an anti-correlation with the luminosity and a correlation with the rest-frame wavelength.
DIRECT DETECTION OF THE HELICAL MAGNETIC FIELD GEOMETRY FROM 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF PROMINENCE KNOT TRAJECTORIES
Authors: Zapiór Maciej , Martínez-Gómez David
Published: January 2016

Based on the data collected by the Vacuum Tower Telescope located in the Teide Observatory in the Canary Islands, we analyzed the three-dimensional (3D) motion of so-called knots in a solar prominence of 2014 June 9. Trajectories of seven knots were reconstructed, giving information of the 3D geometry of the magnetic field. Helical motion was detected. From the equipartition principle, we estimated the lower limit of the magnetic field in the prominence to ≈1–3 G and from the Ampère’s law the lower limit of the electric current to ≈1.2 × 109 A.
TURBULENT AMPLIFICATION AND STRUCTURE OF THE INTRACLUSTER MAGNETIC FIELD
Authors: Beresnyak Andrey , Miniati Francesco
Published: January 2016

We compare DNS calculations of homogeneous isotropic turbulence with the statistical properties of intracluster turbulence from the Matryoshka Run and find remarkable similarities between their inertial ranges. This allowed us to use the time-dependent statistical properties of intracluster turbulence to evaluate dynamo action in the intracluster medium, based on earlier results from a numerically resolved nonlinear magneto-hydrodynamic turbulent dynamo. We argue that this approach is necessary (a) to properly normalize dynamo action to the available intracluster turbulent energy and (b) to overcome the limitations of low Re affecting current numerical models of the intracluster medium. We find that while the properties of intracluster magnetic field are largely insensitive to the value and origin of the seed field, the resulting values for the Alfvén speed and the outer scale of the magnetic field are consistent with current observational estimates, basically confirming the idea that the magnetic field in today’s galaxy clusters is a record of its past turbulent activity.
THE MEGAMASER COSMOLOGY PROJECT. VIII. A GEOMETRIC DISTANCE TO NGC 5765b
Authors: Gao F. , Braatz J. A. , Reid M. J. , Lo K. Y. , Condon J. J. , Henkel C. , Kuo C. Y. , Impellizzeri C. M. V. , Pesce D. W. , Zhao W.
Published: January 2016

As part of the Megamaser Cosmology Project, here we present a new geometric distance measurement to the megamaser galaxy NGC 5765b. Through a series of very long baseline interferometry observations, we have confirmed the water masers trace a thin, sub-parsec Keplerian disk around the nucleus, implying an enclosed mass of 4.55 ± 0.40 × 107
M
⊙. Meanwhile, from single-dish monitoring of the maser spectra over two years, we measured the secular drifts of maser features near the systemic velocity of the galaxy with rates between 0.5 and 1.2 km s−1 yr−1. Fitting a warped, thin-disk model to these measurements, we determine a Hubble Constant H
0 of 66.0 ± 6.0 km s−1 Mpc−1 with an angular-diameter distance to NGC 5765b of 126.3 ± 11.6 Mpc. Apart from the distance measurement, we also investigate some physical properties related to the maser disk in NGC 5765b. The high-velocity features are spatially distributed into several clumps, which may indicate the existence of a spiral density wave associated with the accretion disk. For the redshifted features, the envelope defined by the peak maser intensities increases with radius. The profile of the systemic masers in NGC 5765b is smooth and shows almost no structural changes over the two years of monitoring time, which differs from the more variable case of NGC 4258.
A SOLAR-TYPE STELLAR COMPANION TO A DEEP CONTACT BINARY IN A QUADRUPLE SYSTEM
Authors: Zhou X. , Qian S.-B. , Zhang J. , Jiang L.-Q. , Zhang B. , Kreiner J.
Published: January 2016

The four-color (B, V, R

c
, I

c
) light curves of V776 Cas are presented and analyzed using the Wilson–Devinney method. It is discovered that V776 Cas is an early F-type (F2V) overcontact binary with a very high contact degree (f = 64.6%) and an extremely low-mass ratio (q = 0.130), which indicate that it is at the final evolutionary stage of cool short-period binaries. The mass of the primary and secondary stars are calculated to be M
1 = 1.55(±0.04) M
⊙, M
2 = 0.20(±0.01) M
⊙. V776 Cas is supposed to be formed from an initially detached binary system via the loss of angular momentum due to the magnetic wind. The initial masses of the present primary and secondary components are calculated to be M
1i
 = 0.86(±0.10) M
⊙ and M
2i
 = 2.13(±0.04) M
⊙. The observed–calculated curve exhibits a cyclic period variation, which is due to the light-travel time effect caused by the presence of a third component with a period of 23.7 years. The mass of the third component is estimated to be M
3 = 1.04(±0.03) M
⊙ and the orbital inclination of the third component is calculated to be i′ = 33.°1. The distance of the binary system to the mass center of the triple system is calculated to be

 = 3.45 AU. The presence of the close-in tertiary component may play an important role in the formation and evolution of this binary system by drawing angular momentum from the central system.
A SEARCH FOR WATER IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF HAT-P-26b USING LDSS-3C
Authors: Stevenson Kevin B. , Bean Jacob L. , Seifahrt Andreas , Gilbert Gregory J. , Line Michael R. , Désert Jean-Michel , Fortney Jonathan J.
Published: January 2016

The characterization of a physically diverse set of transiting exoplanets is an important and necessary step toward establishing the physical properties linked to the production of obscuring clouds or hazes. It is those planets with identifiable spectroscopic features that can most effectively enhance our understanding of atmospheric chemistry and metallicity. The newly commissioned LDSS-3C instrument on Magellan provides enhanced sensitivity and suppressed fringing in the red optical, thus advancing the search for the spectroscopic signature of water in exoplanetary atmospheres from the ground. Using data acquired by LDSS-3C and the Spitzer Space Telescope, we search for evidence of water vapor in the transmission spectrum of the Neptune-mass planet HAT-P-26b. Our measured spectrum is best explained by the presence of water vapor, a lack of potassium, and either a high-metallicity, cloud-free atmosphere or a solar-metallicity atmosphere with a cloud deck at ∼10 mbar. The emergence of multi-scale-height spectral features in our data suggests that future observations at higher precision could break this degeneracy and reveal the planet’s atmospheric chemical abundances. We also update HAT-P-26b’s transit ephemeris, t
0 = 2455304.65218(25) BJDTDB, and orbital period, p = 4.2345023(7) days.
L'anorexie mentale
Authors: Doba Karyn , Nandrino Jean-Louis
Published: January 2016

Les modèles familiaux d’orientation systémique ont envisagé l’anorexie mentale comme un élément émergeant des interactions familiales qui induisent et/ou stabilisent la situation symptomatique. L’adjonction du paradigme systémique à la psychopathologie de l’anorexie mentale a permis de mettre l’accent soit sur la structure familiale, soit sur les stratégies relationnelles familiales, soit sur les processus de différenciation familiale intergénérationnelle. Ces modèles constituent, encore aujourd’hui, des valeurs de référence dans la compréhension des processus familiaux en jeu dans l’anorexie mentale et dans le travail thérapeutique auprès des familles. Cependant, l’apparition de recherches empiriques sur les processus familiaux et les nouvelles modélisations systémiques ont contribué à modifier la pratique des thérapies familiales.
L’évolution des outils de contrôle de gestion : une influence culturelle ?
Authors: Chanegrih Tarek
Published: January 2016

L’étude cherche à comprendre si les entreprises qui exercent des activités dans des contextes différents font évoluer leurs outils de contrôle de gestion de façons différentes. Elle mobilise le cadre conceptuel de Hofstede (1980, 1991, 2001) pour étudier l’influence de la culture nationale sur la fréquence, la localisation et la nature des changements dans les outils de contrôle de gestion. Nous collectons des données sur les changements en contrôle de gestion auprès de 65 entreprises françaises que nous comparons aux changements observés en Malaisie. La recherche montre l’importance de la compréhension du contexte local. Quatre variables culturelles (l’orientation temporelle, le degré d’individualisme/collectivisme, la distance hiérarchique et la tolérance à l’incertitude) influencent les changements dans les outils de contrôle de gestion. Les résultats de la recherche soulignent l’importance de l’intelligence culturelle dont a besoin un manager pour faire évoluer et valoriser les outils de contrôle de gestion.
Le Kamasutra du péché
Authors: Perraud Antoine
Published: January 2016

De la traque minutieuse du péché de chair comme forme paradoxale d’éducation sexuelle. Quand l’interdit suggère sa propre transgression.
Érogenèses photographiques
Authors: Sicard Monique
Published: January 2016

Rendons apparent ce que dissimule le médium derrière ce qu’il prétend exposer. La stéréoscopie inaugure l’industrialisation d’Éros et la réprobation du poète.
L’œil en saillie
Authors: Erman Michel
Published: January 2016

Voir, tout voir, mais sans être vu.
Psychopharmacogenomics in Pediatric Psychiatry with a Focus on Cytochrome P450 Testing
Authors: Malik Salma , Azeem Muhammad Waqar
Published: January 2016

The recent advances in the field of pharmacogenetics have led to personalized medicine in pediatric psychiatry. Currently, the US Food and Drug Administration reports more than 100 prescription medications, of which approximately 30% are psychotropic, have pharmacogenomic information on their product labels. A high percentage of psychotropic medications are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450). Enzymes that are most relevant include CYP450, 1A2, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4. Psychopharmacogenomics offers personalized psychiatry leading to individually adapted plans after taking into consideration the genetic variability in drug metabolism. For clinicians, it results in a better-informed decision for the patient's clinical care. CYP450 testing can also predict individual response to treatment while minimizing side effects or avoiding poor outcome by avoiding metabolism through the polymorphic pathway. This review focuses on the current state regarding pharmacogenomics in pediatric psychiatry with discussion about metabolism of psychotropic medications and understanding of the CYP450 enzymes.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2016;46(1):52–57.]
Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Update
Authors: Azeem Muhammad Waqar , Imran Nazish , Khawaja Imran S.
Published: January 2016

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by early-onset socialization and communication difficulties associated with restricted interests and behavioral rigidities. Recent epidemiologic studies show that 1 in 68 children has autism. This complex condition is among the least-understood developmental disorders of childhood but there is a growing body of research on ASD, making it critically important that clinicians are well informed about these conditions. Recent changes in the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
, fifth edition, regarding ASD criteria can affect how the diagnosis is made. Various comorbidities can have a huge impact on assessment and management. There are various behavioral and pharmacologic strategies focusing on cluster symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention, irritability, aggression, self-injurious behaviors, and ritualistic behaviors. In the past few years, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved psychotropic medications for treating irritability associated with autism. Speech and language assessment and interventions, parent education, and appropriate educational programs are integral parts of management.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2016;46(1):58–62.]
Validating the Japanese Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale for Nursing Education
Authors: Fujino-Oyama Yumiko , Maeda Rumi , Maru Mitsue , Inoue Tomoko
Published: January 2016

Background:

The Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale for Nursing Education (SDLRSNE) assesses the extent to which an individual has the characteristics, capabilities, and attitudes required for self-directed learning. This study aimed to validate the Japanese version of the SDLRSNE with graduate-level nursing students.

Method:

Confirma-tory factor analyses, using data from a cross-sectional online survey of 376 nursing students, were conducted to examine construct validity. Relationships with potential related factors were analyzed to evaluate construct validity. Reliability was evaluated with item analysis and Cronbach's alpha.

Results:

Factor analyses revealed that three-factor and individual subscale models had a moderate-to-poor fit. No meaningful relationship with potential related factors was noted. Reliability measurements indicated a moderate fit to data.

Conclusion:

This study could not confirm that the Japanese version of the SDLRSNE had acceptable levels of reliability and validity when tested with graduate-level nursing students. Further research is needed to examine the psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the SDLRSNE with other adult nursing learners or with graduate-level nursing students in other countries. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(2):65–71.]
Power of Peer-Assisted Learning: An Interdisciplinary Mobility Laboratory Experience
Authors: Lorio Anne K. , Florman Terri M. , Gore Jane B. , Housley Stephen N. , Nelson Michelle A.
Published: January 2016

Background:

The benefits of early patient mobility in the hospital environment has been well established. This article highlights an interactive peer-assisted learning (PAL) mobility laboratory. Physical therapy (PT) students taught patient mobility skills to nursing students, with the goal of enhancing mobility knowledge and improved understanding of the two disciplines' roles and responsibilities.

Method:

The students were divided into 10 groups, with six nursing and three PT students in each group; each group rotated through the 10 mobility stations every 20 minutes. After completing all stations, the nursing students reviewed a case scenario requiring application of the recently learned knowledge and skills.

Results:

Analysis revealed that the nursing students demonstrated significant improvement in overall knowledge of safe patient mobility, as well as improved confidence in the instruction of safe patient mobility.

Conclusion:

Both groups reported that the PAL strategy was successful in achieving the intended goals of improved interprofessional understanding. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016; 55(2):83–86.]
Honoring Diversity: Developing Culturally Competent Communication Skills Through Simulation
Authors: Bahreman Nasreen T. , Swoboda Sandra M.
Published: January 2016

Background:

Students in nursing programs must learn how to communicate with patients in a culturally competent manner.

Method:

This article explores current best practices in nursing education regarding the inclusion of diversity and cultural humility in the program of study and provides recommendations for innovative ways of thoughtfully threading cultural competence into the curriculum.

Results:

Mastering culturally competent communication is unlike any other nursing skill, deserving of a creative way of teaching. This article describes the use of the pedagogy in simulation to create the opportunity to introduce scenarios where students care for patients of diverse backgrounds.

Conclusion:

Establishing cultural competence encompasses more than just learning about different cultures. A true emergent experience using standardized patients and scenarios highlighting the cultural considerations that nurses need to be cognizant of and comfortable with can provide a new way of teaching this relevant and current topic. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(2):105–108.]
Preparing Nurse Leaders to Innovate: Iowa's Innovation Seminar
Authors: Joseph M. Lindell , Rhodes Ann , Watson Carol A.
Published: January 2016

Background:

Currently, no doctoral guidelines to teach innovation exist. Using Christensen's theory of disruptive innovation, the five discovery skills used by disruptive innovators provide the framework for designing a leadership development approach to enable and support a mindset to innovate.

Method:

Executive leadership students were provided with didactic content on innovation, were assigned to nonhealth care settings for an anthropological dig to uncover innovative activities, and were provided with reflective prompts to enable a new context for innovation. Faculty collaborated with other flelds and took risks to provide new contexts to innovate.

Results:

Students identified and proposed innovations for current health care issues. Some of the innovations included processes, evaluation methods, data analytics for care design, and patient engagement solutions.

Conclusion:

Faculty crossed borders for fleld experiences, as well as disciplinary borders. This collaborative seminar demonstrated that it is possible to develop executive nurse leaders to innovate. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(2):113–117.]
Una carta literaria de la Guenizá de El Cairo en judeo-árabe
Authors: Martínez Delgado José , Al Khalaf Ahmad al Ahmad
Published: January 2016

Edición, traducción, estudio de los contenidos y análisis lingüístico de una carta literaria conservada en el manuscrito Ebr-Arb I 4575 de la colección Firkovich. Su autor parece mantener una estrecha relación con el destinatario, quizá se trate de su kātib o secretario personal; en todo caso el autor de esta carta es la persona que se encarga de conseguirle copias de obras y prepararle otro tipo de materiales. La carta muestra claramente la atmósfera cultural de la época y sus categorías estéticas y sobre todo, lo difícil que era conseguir una copia fidedigna de un diván poético andalusí.
Prediction of Financial Time Series Data using Hybrid Evolutionary Legendre Neural Network
Authors: Dash Rajashree , Dash Pradipta Kishore
Published: January 2016

In this paper a predictor model using Legendre Neural Network is proposed for one day ahead prediction of financial time series data. The Legendre Neural Network (LENN) is a single layer structure that possess faster convergence rate and reduced computational complexity by increasing the dimensionality of the input pattern with a set of linearly independent nonlinear functions. The parameters of the LENN model are estimated using a Moderate Random Search Particle Swarm Optimization Method (HMRPSO). The HMRPSO is a variant of PSO that uses a moderate random search method to enhance the global search ability of particles and increases their convergence rates by focusing on valuable search space regions. Training LENN using HMRPSO has also been compared with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Differential Evolution (DE) based learning of LENN for predicting the Bombay Stock Exchange and S&P 500 data sets.
Platform as a Strategy
Authors: Zhong Junying , Nieminen Marko
Published: January 2016

Mobile payments are a new way to pay in the digital age. The emerging mobile payments enable viable businesses through real-time and context-specific transactions between consumers and collaborating actors. Mobile payment services realize in a multi-actor digital chain. Business interactions between actors take place in a coopetitive way: simultaneous competition and collaboration. However, little knowledge exists about mobile payment innovation strategy in coopetitive markets. This paper introduces the DISCO model (dynamics of innovation strategy in a coopetitive environment). It contributes to the exploration of strategic moves by mobile payment innovators through platform ecosystems. The results from a case study indicate that firms have the potential to be successful through collective innovation in a coopetitive environment along with the movement of their superior competencies. Moreover, the firms should pursue ways in managing the paradoxical relationships between competition and cooperation, resource allocation and combination, as well as leadership and loss-leader strategy.
Ontology-based Adaptive Dynamic e-Learning Map Planning Method for Conceptual Knowledge Learning
Authors: Chen Tsung-Yi , Chu Hui-Chuan , Chen Yuh-Min , Su Kuan-Chun
Published: January 2016

E-learning improves the shareability and reusability of knowledge, and surpasses the constraints of time and space to achieve remote asynchronous learning. Since the depth of learning content often varies, it is thus often difficult to adjust materials based on the individual levels of learners. Therefore, this study develops an ontology-based adaptive dynamic knowledge concept e-learning mechanism that generates learning maps based on learner characteristics and guides learners effectively. To achieve this goal, this study proposes an adaptive dynamic concept e-learning navigation procedure, designs learning models based on the adaptive learning needs of learners, and develops knowledge map model and learning map model. Finally, this study designs adaptive dynamic concept learning map-planning algorithms based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The learning maps generated by these algorithms meet the dynamic needs of learners by continually adjusting and modifying the learning map throughout the learning process. Adapting the adaptive learning content according to the dynamic needs of learners allows learners to receive more instruction in a limited period.
Construction Details from Secondary Raw Materials
Authors: Smolka Radim , Plachý Jan , Kacálek Petr , Petříček Tomáš
Published: January 2016

During decreasing of the energy demand is within the framework of the idea of sustainable construction not only required to decrease the total energy demand of the buildings, search and solve the critical spots in the building jacketing, but also to use the secondary raw
materials as full-value substitutions for commonly used products from the primary raw materials. Recycled materials put into production represent possibilities how to decrease number of acquired virgin materials, need of primary energy and how to decrease risks connected to the waste disposal.