bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monotropein alleviates sepsis-elicited acute lung injury via the NF-κB pathway
Authors: Gong Yuanzhong , Wang Junyi
Published: June 2023

Objectives

To address the effect and mechanism of Monotropein (Mon) on sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI).

Methods

ALI model was established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse lung epithelial cell lines (MLE-12) and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-treated mice, respectively. The function of Mon was examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), pathological staining, the pulmonary function examination, flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labellingand western blot.

Results

Mon increased the LPS-reduced viability but decreased the LPS-evoked apoptosis rate in MLE-12 cells. Mon suppressed the concentrations and protein expressions of proinflammatory factors, and the expressions of fibrosis-related proteins in LPS-challenged MLE-12 cells compared with LPS treatment alone. Mechanically, Mon downregulated the levels of NF-κB pathway, which was confirmed with the application of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). Correspondingly, RANKL reversed the ameliorative effect of Mon on the proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, Mon improved the pathological manifestations, apoptosis, the W/D ratio and pulmonary function indicators in CLP-treated mice. Consistently, Mon attenuated inflammation, fibrosis and NF-κB pathway in CLP-treated mice.

Conclusion

Mon inhibited apoptosis, inflammation and fibrosis to alleviate sepsis-evoked ALI via the NF-κB pathway.
Energy transition and Sustainable Development Goal 7: a legal analysis in the context of the Arab world
Authors: Ibrahim Imad Antoine
Published: June 2023

Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7) focuses on access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. The hope is that its implementation will result in a much-needed energy transition. Nonetheless, its application, from a legal perspective, remains unclear given the aspirational nature of sustainable development goals. This article examines this issue using the Arab world as a case study. Despite the great effort in the international community’s establishment of the voluntary follow-up and review framework to facilitate these goals application, their actual execution in general and particularly SDG7 is subject to states willingness to amend their domestic regulations and policies or adopt new ones.
Flowering also has to end: knowns and unknowns of reproductive arrest in monocarpic plants
Authors: Balanzà Vicente , Merelo Paz , Ferrándiz Cristina
Published: June 2023

All flowering plants adjust their reproductive period for successful reproduction. Flower initiation is controlled by a myriad of intensively studied factors, so it can occur in the most favorable conditions. However, the end of flowering is also a controlled process, required to optimize the size of the offspring and to maximize resource allocation. Reproductive arrest was described and mainly studied in the last century by physiological approaches, but it is much less understood at the genetic or molecular level. In this review, we present an overview of recent progress in this topic, fueled by highly complementary studies that are beginning to provide an integrated view of how the end of flowering is regulated. In this emerging picture, we also highlight key missing aspects that will guide future research and may provide new biotechnological avenues to improve crop yield in annual plants.
Reactogenicity and Peak Anti-RBD-S1 IgG Concentrations in Individuals with No Prior COVID-19 Infection Vaccinated with Different SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Authors: Milevoj Kopcinovic Lara , Unic Adriana , Nikolac Gabaj Nora , Miler Marijana , Vrtaric Alen , Bozovic Marija , Stefanovic Mario
Published: June 2023

Objective

To investigate the association of immune response with vaccination adverse effects at peak anti–receptor-binding domain spike subunit 1 (anti-RBDS1) IgG after full vaccination with Comirnaty, Spikevax, or Vaxzevria.

Methods

Anti-RBDS1 IgG concentrations after vaccination were determined in healthy adults vaccinated with the Comirnaty, Spikevax, and Vaxzevria vaccines. The association of reactogenicity and peak antibody response after vaccination was tested.

Results

Anti-RBDS1 IgG values were significantly higher in the Comirnaty and Spikevax group, compared with the Vaxzevria group (P < .001). Fever and muscle pain were found to be significant independent predictors of peak anti-RBDS1 IgG in the Comirnaty and Spikevax groups (P = .03 and P = .02, respectively). The multivariate model, adjusted for covariates, showed that no association between reactogenicity and peak antibody concentrations was found in the Comirnaty, Spikevax, and Vaxzevria groups.

Conclusions

No association between reactogenicity and peak anti-RBDS1 IgG after vaccination with the Comirnaty, Spikevax, and Vaxzevria vaccine was found.
A Market Assessment of Introducer Technology to Aid With Endotracheal Intubation
Authors: Gutierrez Gianna A , Henry Jevaughn , April Michael D , Long Brit J , Schauer Steven G
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Endotracheal intubation is a potentially lifesaving procedure. Previously, data demonstrated that intubation remains the most performed airway intervention in the Role 1 setting. Additionally, deployed data demonstrate that casualties intubated in the prehospital setting have worse survival than those intubated in the emergency department setting. Technological solutions may improve intubation success in this setting. Certain intubation practices, including the use of endotracheal tube introducer bougies, facilitate intubation success especially in patients with difficult airways. We sought to determine the current state of the market for introducer devices.

Materials and Methods

This market review utilized Google searches to find products for intubation. The search criteria aimed to identify any device ideal for intubation in the emergency setting. Device data retrieved included manufacturer, device, cost, and design descriptions.

Results

We identified 12 introducer-variants on the market. Devices varied with regards to composition (latex, silicone, polyethylene, combination of several materials, etc.), tip shape, special features for ease of intubation (markings for depth and visibility, size, etc.), disposability/reuse capability, measurements, and prices. The cost of each device ranged from approximately $5 to $100.

Conclusions

We identified 12 introducer-variants on the market. Clinical studies are necessary to determine which devices may improve patient outcomes in the Role 1 setting.
Cannabis Use Among U.S. Military Veterans Following Residential Substance Use Disorder Treatment
Authors: Mian Maha N , Chan Osilla Karen , Blonigen Daniel
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Use rates of cannabis, a substance associated with a host of comorbid physical and mental health concerns, continue to rise for military veterans. Despite this prevalence, descriptive patterns of use among veterans and research on treatment factors that predict cannabis outcomes are lacking. This study aimed to conduct a descriptive profile of veterans who endorse cannabis use, compare veterans endorsing cannabis use to those who do not endorse use, and investigate what factors (other substance use, psychiatric symptoms, and treatment outcomes) predicted return to cannabis use following residential treatment.

Materials and Methods

The study was a secondary data analysis of a longitudinal sample of U.S. military veterans (N = 200, 193 males, Mage = 50.14, SD = 9) participating in residential substance use disorder treatment through a Veterans Affairs medical center. Interview, survey, and electronic health data were collected over 12 months. Analyses included descriptive and frequency statistics to identify patterns in cannabis use behaviors and motives, independent t-tests to examine differences between the cannabis-using group and non-using group, and a series of univariate logistic regressions to examine potential predictors for cannabis use after treatment discharge.

Results

Lifetime cannabis use was common among veterans (77.5%), and 29.5% reported use during the study. On average, veterans had made one quit attempt before treatment entry. Veterans who endorsed cannabis use consumed more alcohol in the past 30 days at baseline and reported less impulse control and less confidence in maintaining abstinence at discharge. Length of stay in the residential program and no diagnosis of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV cannabis use disorder criteria predicted post-treatment cannabis use such that veterans who remained in the program longer were more likely to abstain from cannabis use following treatment, and those who did not meet DSM-IV cannabis use disorder criteria were more likely to use following treatment.

Conclusions

Identification of relevant risk factors and treatment processes, such as impulse control, confidence in treatment, and length of stay in treatment, provides practical recommendations for future intervention efforts. This study calls for further examination of cannabis use outcomes among veterans, particularly those participating in substance use treatment.
Rapid radio brightening of GRB 210702A
Authors: Anderson G E , Russell T D , Fausey H M , van der Horst A J , Hancock P J , Bahramian A , Bell M E , Miller-Jones J C A , Rowell G , Sammons M W , Wijers R A M J , Galvin T J , Goodwin A J , Konno R , Rowlinson A , Ryder S D , Schüssler F , Wagner S J , Zhu S J
Published: June 2023

We observed the rapid radio brightening of GRB 210702A with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) just 11 h post-burst, tracking early-time radio variability over a 5 h period on ∼15 min time-scales at 9.0, 16.7, and 21.2 GHz. A broken power law fit to the 9.0 GHz light curve showed that the 5 h flare peaked at a flux density of 0.4 ± 0.1 mJy at ∼13 h post-burst. The observed temporal and spectral evolution is not expected in the standard internal–external shock model, where forward and reverse shock radio emission evolves on much longer time-scales. The early-time (<1 d) optical and X-ray light curves from the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory demonstrated typical afterglow forward shock behaviour, allowing us to use blast wave physics to determine a likely homogeneous circumburst medium and an emitting electron population power-law index of p = 2.9 ± 0.1. We suggest that the early-time radio flare is likely due to weak interstellar scintillation (ISS), which boosted the radio afterglow emission above the ATCA sensitivity limit on minute time-scales. Using relations for ISS in the weak regime, we were able to place an upper limit on the size of the blast wave of ≲6 × 1016 cm in the plane of the sky, which is consistent with the theoretical forward shock size prediction of 8 × 1016 cm for GRB 210702A at ∼13 h post-burst. This represents the earliest ISS size constraint on a gamma-ray burst (GRB) blast wave to date, demonstrating the importance of rapid (<1 d) radio follow-up of GRBs using several-hour integrations to capture the early afterglow evolution and to track the scintillation over a broad frequency range.
Properties of gamma-ray bursts associated with supernovae and kilonovae
Authors: Li Q M , Zhang Z B , Han X L , Zhang K J , Xia X L , Hao C T
Published: June 2023

We systematically compare the temporal and spectral properties of 53 supernova (SN)-associated and 15 kilonova (KN)-associated gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We find that the spectral parameters of both types of GRBs are identically and lognormally distributed, consistent with those normal GRBs. The bolometric luminosities of SN/GRBs and KN/GRBs have a triple form, with the corresponding break luminosities of SN/GRBs are roughly two orders of magnitude larger than those of KN/GRBs. We build the power-law relations between the spectral lag and the luminosity of prompt γ-rays with indices of −1.43 ± 0.33 for SN/GRBs and −2.17 ± 0.57 for KN/GRBs in the laboratory frame, which are respectively coincident with the rest-frame values. We verify that both SN/GRBs and KN/GRBs comply with their own Amati relations that match those of long and short GRBs, respectively. Analysing X-ray afterglows with good plateau segments, we build the power-law relations between the X-ray luminosity and the plateau time with an index of −1.12 ± 0.17 for KN/GRBs and −1.08 ± 0.22 for SN/GRBs, which can be well explained by the relativistic shock driven by an energy injection. The plots of luminosity-lag, Amati relation, and luminosity-time show heavy overlap between the two types of GRBs, implying that they might share the same radiation mechanism despite originating from different progenitors or central engines.
ERGO-ML: towards a robust machine learning model for inferring the fraction of accreted stars in galaxies from integral-field spectroscopic maps
Authors: Angeloudi Eirini , Falcón-Barroso Jesús , Huertas-Company Marc , Sarmiento Regina , Pillepich Annalisa , Walo-Martín Daniel , Eisert Lukas
Published: June 2023

Quantifying the contribution of mergers to the stellar mass of galaxies is key for constraining the mechanisms of galaxy assembly across cosmic time. However, the mapping between observable galaxy properties and merger histories is not trivial: cosmological galaxy simulations are the only tools we have for calibration. We study the robustness of a simulation-based inference of the ex situ stellar mass fraction of nearby galaxies to different observables – integrated and spatially resolved – and to different galaxy formation models – IllustrisTNG and EAGLE – with machine learning. We find that at fixed simulation, the fraction of accreted stars can be inferred with very high accuracy, with an error ∼5 per cent (10 per cent) from 2D integral-field spectroscopic maps (integrated quantities) throughout the considered stellar mass range. A bias (> 5 per cent) and an increase in scatter by a factor of 2 are introduced when testing with a different simulation, revealing a lack of generalization to distinct galaxy-formation models. Interestingly, upon using only stellar mass and kinematics maps in the central galactic regions for training, we find that this bias is removed and the ex situ stellar mass fraction can be recovered in both simulations with <15 per cent scatter, independently of the training set’s origin. This opens up the door to a potential robust inference of the accretion histories of galaxies from existing integral field unit surveys, such as MaNGA, covering a similar field of view and containing spatially resolved spectra for tens of thousands of nearby galaxies.
Fixed Allele Differences Associated With the Centromere Reveal Chromosome Morphology and Rearrangements in a Reptile (Varanus acanthurus BOULENGER)
Authors: Dobry Jason , Zhu Zexian , Zhou Qi , Wapstra Erik , Deakin Janine E , Ezaz Tariq
Published: June 2023

Chromosome rearrangements are often implicated with genomic divergence and are proposed to be associated with species evolution. Rearrangements alter the genomic structure and interfere with homologous recombination by isolating a portion of the genome. Integration of multiplatform next-generation DNA sequencing technologies has enabled putative identification of chromosome rearrangements in many taxa; however, integrating these data sets with cytogenetics is still uncommon beyond model genetic organisms. Therefore, to achieve the ultimate goal for the genomic classification of eukaryotic organisms, physical chromosome mapping remains critical. The ridge-tailed goannas (Varanus acanthurus BOULENGER) are a group of dwarf monitor lizards comprised of several species found throughout northern Australia. These lizards exhibit extreme divergence at both the genic and chromosomal levels. The chromosome polymorphisms are widespread extending across much of their distribution, raising the question if these polymorphisms are homologous within the V. acanthurus complex. We used a combined genomic and cytogenetic approach to test for homology across divergent populations with morphologically similar chromosome rearrangements. We showed that more than one chromosome pair was involved with the widespread rearrangements. This finding provides evidence to support de novo chromosome rearrangements have occurred within populations. These chromosome rearrangements are characterized by fixed allele differences originating in the vicinity of the centromeric region. We then compared this region with several other assembled genomes of reptiles, chicken, and the platypus. We demonstrated that the synteny of genes in Reptilia remains conserved despite centromere repositioning across these taxa.
A Novel Group of Dynamin-Related Proteins Shared by Eukaryotes and Giant Viruses Is Able to Remodel Mitochondria From Within the Matrix
Authors: Sheikh Shaghayegh , Pánek Tomáš , Gahura Ondřej , Týč Jiří , Záhonová Kristína , Lukeš Julius , Eliáš Marek , Hashimi Hassan
Published: June 2023

The diverse GTPases of the dynamin superfamily play various roles in the cell, as exemplified by the dynamin-related proteins (DRPs) Mgm1 and Opa1, which remodel the mitochondrial inner membrane in fungi and metazoans, respectively. Via an exhaustive search of genomic and metagenomic databases, we found previously unknown DRP types occurring in diverse eukaryotes and giant viruses (phylum Nucleocytoviricota). One novel DRP clade, termed MidX, combined hitherto uncharacterized proteins from giant viruses and six distantly related eukaryote taxa (Stramenopiles, Telonemia, Picozoa, Amoebozoa, Apusomonadida, and Choanoflagellata). MidX stood out because it was not only predicted to be mitochondria-targeted but also to assume a tertiary structure not observed in other DRPs before. To understand how MidX affects mitochondria, we exogenously expressed MidX from Hyperionvirus in the kinetoplastid Trypanosoma brucei, which lacks Mgm1 or Opa1 orthologs. MidX massively affected mitochondrial morphology from inside the matrix, where it closely associates with the inner membrane. This unprecedented mode of action contrasts to those of Mgm1 and Opa1, which mediate inner membrane remodeling in the intermembrane space. We speculate that MidX was acquired in Nucleocytoviricota evolution by horizontal gene transfer from eukaryotes and is used by giant viruses to remodel host mitochondria during infection. MidX's unique structure may be an adaptation for reshaping mitochondria from the inside. Finally, Mgm1 forms a sister group to MidX and not Opa1 in our phylogenetic analysis, throwing into question the long-presumed homology of these DRPs with similar roles in sister lineages.
Evaluation of Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare diagnostic criteria for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis compared to ACR/EULAR 2022 classification criteria
Authors: Sada Ken-ei , Nagasaka Kenji , Kaname Shinya , Higuchi Tomoaki , Furuta Shunsuke , Nanki Toshihiro , Tsuboi Naotake , Amano Koichi , Dobashi Hiroaki , Hiromura Keiju , Bando Masashi , Wada Takashi , Arimura Yoshihiro , Makino Hirofumi , Harigai Masayoshi
Published: June 2023

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) diagnostic criteria for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis compared to the new American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology 2022 criteria.

Methods

Two nationwide cohort studies were used, and participants were categorised as having eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) according to the American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology 2022 and MHLW criteria.

Results

Of the entire patient population, only 10 (2.1%) were unclassifiable according to the MHLW probable criteria, while a significant number of patients (71.3%) met at least two criteria. The MHLW probable criteria for MPA had some challenges in differentiating between MPA and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and the same was true for MHLW probable criteria for GPA in differentiating MPA from GPA. Nevertheless, improved classification results were obtained when the MHLW probable criteria were applied in the order of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, MPA, and GPA.

Conclusions

The application of MHLW criteria could categorise a substantial number of patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis into one of the three antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis diseases. The classification was in accordance with the American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology 2022 criteria when considering the order of application.
Long-term patency of aorto-biiliac endoprosthesis for critical lower limb ischaemia in Takayasu arteritis after complicated angioplasty with a drug-coated balloon: Effect of dual antiplatelet therapy combined with tocilizumab
Authors: Leal Thatiany Paslar , Pinto Melissa Pereira Lopes Vieira , Hasselmann Gabriela , Lammoglia Bruna Cremonezi , Trevise Luana de Aguiar , Salles Rosa Neto Nilton
Published: June 2023

Takayasu arteritis is a chronic granulomatous vasculitis of unknown aetiology affecting the aorta and its major branches. Critical limb ischaemia may occur and eventually require surgical intervention. Surgical outcomes are influenced by disease activity, age, and comorbidities. We report a 43-year-old woman with Takayasu arteritis and stenosis of the left common iliac artery and occlusion of the left external iliac artery with limiting vascular claudication, who underwent angioplasty of the iliac artery with drug-eluting stent while being treated with infliximab. The artery ruptured a week later but was contained by the ilio-psoas muscle. She required subsequent stent placement to correct the lesion. Treatment comprised aspirin and clopidogrel, and the biological was switched to monthly intravenous tocilizumab. During an 8-year follow-up, serial imaging examinations showed a patent aorto-biiliac endoprosthesis, without evidence of thrombosis or restenosis. Clinically, the patient denies vascular claudication and pulses remain palpable in the left lower limb. This case highlights the risks inherent to these procedures in patients with large artery vasculitis and reinforces that the effectiveness of endovascular intervention can be increased by detailed preoperative evaluation, associated with a drug strategy including immunomodulatory and antiplatelet therapy as directed by the multispecialty team. Periodic imaging examinations are required because of the reported high rate of restenosis.
An amber-encoding helper phage for more efficient phage display of noncanonical amino acids
Authors: Hampton Joshua Trae , Cho Chia-Chuan Dean , Coleman Demonta D , Geng Zhi Zachary , Chen Peng-Hsun Chase , Dubey Gopal K , Sylvain Lauralee D , Xu Shiqing , Liu Wenshe Ray
Published: June 2023

Using an amber suppression-based noncanonical amino acid (ncAA) mutagenesis approach, the chemical space in phage display can be significantly expanded for drug discovery. In this work, we demonstrate the development of a novel helper phage, CMa13ile40, for continuous enrichment of amber obligate phage clones and efficient production of ncAA-containing phages. CMa13ile40 was constructed by insertion of a Candidatus Methanomethylophilus alvus pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase/PylT gene cassette into a helper phage genome. The novel helper phage allowed for a continuous amber codon enrichment strategy for two different libraries and demonstrated a 100-fold increase in packaging selectivity. CMa13ile40 was then used to create two peptide libraries containing separate ncAAs, Nϵ-tert-butoxycarbonyl-lysine and Nϵ-allyloxycarbonyl-lysine, respectively. These libraries were used to identify peptide ligands that bind to the extracellular domain of ZNRF3. Each selection showed differential enrichment of unique sequences dependent upon the ncAA used. Peptides from both selections were confirmed to have low micromolar affinity for ZNRF3 that was dependent upon the presence of the ncAA used for selection. Our results demonstrate that ncAAs in phages provide unique interactions for identification of unique peptides. As an effective tool for phage display, we believe that CMa13ile40 can be broadly applied to a wide variety of applications.
Extension of mRNA poly(A) tails and 3′UTRs during neuronal differentiation exhibits variable association with post-transcriptional dynamics
Authors: Kiltschewskij Dylan J , Harrison Paul F , Fitzsimmons Chantel , Beilharz Traude H , Cairns Murray J
Published: June 2023

Differentiation of neural progenitor cells into mature neuronal phenotypes relies on extensive temporospatial coordination of mRNA expression to support the development of functional brain circuitry. Cleavage and polyadenylation of mRNA has tremendous regulatory capacity through the alteration of mRNA stability and modulation of microRNA (miRNA) function, however the extent of utilization in neuronal development is currently unclear. Here, we employed poly(A) tail sequencing, mRNA sequencing, ribosome profiling and small RNA sequencing to explore the functional relationship between mRNA abundance, translation, poly(A) tail length, alternative polyadenylation (APA) and miRNA expression in an in vitro model of neuronal differentiation. Differential analysis revealed a strong bias towards poly(A) tail and 3′UTR lengthening during differentiation, both of which were positively correlated with changes in mRNA abundance, but not translation. Globally, changes in miRNA expression were predominantly associated with mRNA abundance and translation, however several miRNA–mRNA pairings with potential to regulate poly(A) tail length were identified. Furthermore, 3′UTR lengthening was observed to significantly increase the inclusion of non-conserved miRNA binding sites, potentially enhancing the regulatory capacity of these molecules in mature neuronal cells. Together, our findings suggest poly(A) tail length and APA function as part of a rich post-transcriptional regulatory matrix during neuronal differentiation.
Clinical management of seizures in patients with meningiomas: Efficacy of surgical resection for seizure control and patient-tailored postoperative anti-epileptic drug management
Authors: Peart Rodeania , Melnick Kaitlyn , Cibula Jean , Walbert Tobias , Gerstner Elizabeth R , Rahman Maryam , Peters Katherine B , Mrugala Maciej , Ghiaseddin Ashley
Published: June 2023

Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumor. They are slow growing and often incidentally found tumors that arise from the arachnoid villi. As they grow, they have a greater likelihood of becoming symptomatic with seizures being one of the most clinically significant symptoms. Seizures are more likely to present as a symptom of larger meningiomas and meningiomas that compress cortical areas particularly those in non-skull base locations. These seizures are often managed medically, utilizing the same anti-seizure medications that are used to treat other causes of epilepsy. We discuss common anti-seizure medications used including valproate, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, phenytoin, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam and topiramate and their common adverse effects. The goal of pharmacotherapy for seizure control is to maximize seizure control while minimizing the adverse effects of the medication. The decision to provide medical management is dependent on individual seizure history and plans for surgical treatment. Patients who did not require seizure prophylaxis before surgery are commonly prescribed seizure prophylaxis postoperatively. Symptomatic meningiomas not controlled by medical management alone are commonly evaluated for surgical resection. The efficacy of surgical resection in providing seizure freedom is dependent on several features of the tumor including tumor size, the extent of the peritumoral edema, the number of tumors, sinus infiltration and the degree of resection.
Pediatric meningiomas: A literature review and diagnostic update
Authors: Tauziède-Espariat Arnault , Pfister Stefan M , Mawrin Christian , Sahm Felix
Published: June 2023

Background

Meningiomas have always represented the most frequently observed primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor in adults. Multiple advances concerning the genetic and epigenetic characterizations of adult meningiomas have been made over the last few years, and a new proposition for integrated histo-molecular grading has recently been offered in the literature. Pediatric meningiomas represent a very small proportion of all diagnosed meningiomas. New literature has determined that pediatric meningiomas are clinically, histopathologically, genetically, and epigenetically distinct from their adult counterparts. Herein, we reviewed and performed a synthesis of literature investigating pediatric meningiomas. We then compared and contrasted pediatric meningiomas with their adult counterparts.

Methods

We performed an extensive review of cases from English-language literature available in Pubmed using the keywords “pediatric” and “meningioma” as well as “children” and “meningioma”. We reviewed and analyzed fifty-six papers that include 498 cases.

Results

This literature review revealed that pediatric meningiomas differ from their adult counterparts clinically (location, sex ratio) and also in terms of etiology (germline mutations), histopathology (a greater incidence of clear cell subtype), molecular biology, and epigenetics.

Conclusions

Pediatric meningiomas are, like other brain tumors (such as low-grade and high-grade gliomas), clinically and biologically different from their adult counterparts. Further studies are needed to better understand the tumorigenesis of pediatric meningiomas and to optimize their stratification in terms of outcome and therapeutic strategy.
Reengagement for Long-Term Smoking-Cessation In Military Personnel, Retirees, Family Members (TRICARE): A Randomized Trial
Authors: Klesges Robert C , Talcott G Wayne , Little Melissa A , Mallawaarachchi Indika V , Wang X -Q , Aycock Chase A , Patience Marc A , Halbert Jennifer P , Wiseman Kara P , Ebbert Jon O
Published: June 2023

Introduction

We sought to determine what type of treatment reengagement after smoking relapse would increase long-term cessation.

Aims and Methods

Participants were military personnel, retirees, and family members (TRICARE beneficiaries) recruited across the United States from August 2015 through June 2020. At baseline, consented participants (n = 614) received a validated, four-session, telephonic tobacco-cessation intervention with free nicotine replacement therapy. At the 3-month follow-up, 264 participants who failed to quit or relapsed were offered the opportunity to reengage in cessation. Of these, 134 were randomized into three reengagement conditions: (1) repeat initial intervention (“recycle”), (2) Smoking reduction with eventual cessation goal (“rate reduction”), or (3) Choose #1 or #2 (“choice”). Prolonged abstinence and 7-day point prevalence abstinence were measured at 12 months.

Results

Despite being in a clinical trial advertised as having the opportunity for reengagement, only 51% (134 of the 264) of participants who still smoked at 3-month follow-up were willing to reengage. Overall, participants randomized to recycle had higher prolonged cessation rates at 12 months than rate reduction conditions (OR = 16.43, 95% CI: 2.52 to 107.09, Bonferroni adjusted p = .011). When participants who randomly received recycle or rate reduction were pooled, respectively, with participants who chose recycle or rate reduction in the Choice group, recycle had higher prolonged cessation rates at 12 months than rate reduction (OR = 6.50, 95% CI: 1.49 to 28.42, p = .013).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest service members and their family members who fail to quit smoking but are willing to reengage in a cessation program are more likely to benefit from repeating the same treatment.

Implications

Finding methods that are both successful and acceptable to reengage people who smoke who want to quit can have a significant impact on improving the health of the public by reducing the portion of the population who smoke. This study suggests that repeating established cessation programs will result in more people ready to quit successfully achieving their goal.
Strigolactones in Rhizosphere Communication: Multiple Molecules With Diverse Functions
Authors: Kee Yee Jia , Ogawa Satoshi , Ichihashi Yasunori , Shirasu Ken , Yoshida Satoko
Published: June 2023

Strigolactones (SLs) are root-secreted small molecules that influence organisms living in the rhizosphere. While SLs are known as germination stimulants for root parasitic plants and as hyphal branching factors for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, recent studies have also identified them as chemoattractants for parasitic plants, sensors of neighboring plants and key players in shaping the microbiome community. Furthermore, the discovery of structurally diverged SLs, including so-called canonical and non-canonical SLs in various plant species, raises the question of whether the same SLs are responsible for their diverse functions ‘in planta’ and the rhizosphere or whether different molecules play different roles. Emerging evidence supports the latter, with each SL exhibiting different activities as rhizosphere signals and plant hormones. The evolution of D14/KAI2 receptors has enabled the perception of various SLs or SL-like compounds to control downstream signaling, highlighting the complex interplay between plants and their rhizosphere environment. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of the diverse functions of SLs in the rhizosphere.
Keeping Your Mouth Shut: Spiraling Self-Censorship in the United States
Authors: Gibson James L , Sutherland Joseph L
Published: June 2023

Over the period from the heyday of McCarthyism to the present, the percentage of the American people not feeling free to express their views has tripled. In 2020, more than four in ten people engaged in self-censorship. Our analyses of over-time and cross-sectional variability suggest that, first, self-censorship is connected to affective polarization among the mass public, with greater polarization associated with more self-censorship. Second, levels of mass opposition to full civil liberties bear no relationship to self-censorship. Third, those who perceive a more repressive government are slightly more likely to self-censor. Fourth, conservatives report engaging in more self-censorship than liberals (but this is not true when comparing Republicans with Democrats). Together, these findings suggest that one's larger macro-environment may have little to do with self-censorship. Instead, micro-environment sentiments, such as worrying that expressing unpopular views will isolate and alienate people from their friends, family, and neighbors, may be the driver of self-censorship.
Equidistribution of primitive lattices in ℝn
Authors: Horesh Tal , Karasik Yakov
Published: June 2023

We count primitive lattices of rank d inside $\mathbb{Z}^{n}$ as their covolume tends to infinity, with respect to certain parameters of such lattices. These parameters include, for example, the subspace that a lattice spans, namely its projection to the Grassmannian; its homothety class and its equivalence class modulo rescaling and rotation, often referred to as a shape. We add to a prior work of Schmidt by allowing sets in the spaces of parameters that are general enough to conclude the joint equidistribution of these parameters. In addition to the primitive d-lattices Λ themselves, we also consider their orthogonal complements in $\mathbb{Z}^{n}$, ${\Lambda}^{\perp}$, and show that the equidistribution occurs jointly for Λ and ${\Lambda}^{\perp}$. Finally, our asymptotic formulas for the number of primitive lattices include an explicit bound on the error term.
CCL20 inhibition for treating inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Won Eun Jeong , Kim Hui-Ju , Lee Yu Jeong , Kim Moon-Ju , Lee Hae-In , Jang Hyun Hee , Kim Seong Hoon , Kang Ji-Hyoun , Park Ki-Jeong , Shim Seung Cheol , Jo Sungsin , Kim Tae-Hwan , Kim Tae-Jong
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Th17 cells are known to play a significant role in AS. C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) binds to C-C chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) on Th17 cells, promoting their migration to inflammation sites. The aim of this research is to examine the effectiveness of CCL20 inhibition in treating inflammation in AS.

Methods

Mononuclear cells from peripheral blood (PBMC) and SF (SFMC) were collected from healthy individuals and AS. Flow cytometry was used to analyse cells producing inflammatory cytokines. CCL20 levels were determined using ELISA. The impact of CCL20 on Th17 cell migration was verified using a Trans-well migration assay. The in vivo efficacy of CCL20 inhibition was evaluated using an SKG mouse model.

Results

The presence of Th17 cells and CCL20 expressing cells was higher in SFMCs from AS patients compared with their PBMCs. The CCL20 level in AS SF was significantly higher than in OA patients. The percentage of Th17 cells in PBMCs from AS patients increased when exposed to CCL20, whereas the percentage of Th17 cells in SFMCs from AS patients decreased when treated with CCL20 inhibitor. The migration of Th17 cells was found to be influenced by CCL20, and this effect was counteracted by the CCL20 inhibitor. In the SKG mouse model, the use of CCL20 inhibitor significantly reduced joint inflammation.

Conclusion

This research validates the critical role of CCL20 in AS and suggests that targeting CCL20 inhibition could serve as a novel therapeutic approach for AS treatment.
Letters of wishes and trustee decision-making after Grand View v Wong
Authors: Avis Robert , Denham-Smith Tom
Published: June 2023

This article examines the implications of Grand View Private Trust Company & Anor v Wong & Ors on the role of expressions of wishes by a settlor as to a trustee’s exercise of discretionary dispositive powers. Specifically, it considers the difference in weight, if any, to be placed by a trustee on contemporaneous and subsequent wishes of a settlor in a trustee’s decision-making process. It also considers the balancing of the wishes and needs of a beneficiary in this context.
Why several when one can unite them all? Integrative taxonomic revision of Indo-Pacific freshwater pipefish (Nerophinae)
Authors: Haÿ Vincent , Mennesson Marion I , Lord Clara , Keith Philippe
Published: June 2023

The family Syngnathidae (seahorses, sea dragons and pipefishes) is a fascinating group. Species are mostly distributed in marine coastal waters, but about 30 species inhabit Indo-Pacific tropical island rivers. There are currently six freshwater genera of Nerophinae (trunk-brooders): Belonichthys, Coelonotus, Doryichthys, Lophocampus, Microphis and Oostethus. Unlike other Syngnathidae, freshwater pipefish have been little studied; the taxonomy of Nerophinae is unclear and only based on morphomeristic data. The purpose of our study is to undertake a revision of this group based on an integrative taxonomy approach. By combining molecular data from four mitochondrial markers (5415 bp), morphomeristic data with a character mapping study and ecological data, we now recognize a single genus as valid, Microphis, as opposed to the six previously accepted. Our results also reveal one new candidate species, Microphis nicoleae sp. nov., and the resurrection of two others: Microphis torrentius and Microphis vaillantii. This study shows the relevance of integrative taxonomy for higher taxa delineation, using data integration by congruence.
Clinical efficacy and safety of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus lenvatinib in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Du Sihao , Cao Ke , Wang Zhenshun , Lin Dongdong
Published: June 2023

Background:

Assess the effectiveness and safety of treatment options atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez/Bev) or lenvatinib in clinical practice for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.

Methods:

To compare the effectiveness of Atez/Bev and lenvatinib in treating advanced HCC, we systematically searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. We utilized Review Manager 5.3 to extract and analyze the data.

Results:

The present systematic review included 8 nonrandomized studies comprising a total of 6628 cases. There was no significant difference in 0.5-, 1-, 1.5-year OS rates and 0.5-, 1-year PFS rates between the 2 groups. However, patients with HCC caused by viral hepatitis would benefit more from the Atez/Bev therapy (hazard ratio = 0.75, 95% confidence interval: 0.63–0.89) but patients with a Child–Pugh class B liver function would benefit more from lenvatinib (hazard ratio = 1.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.07–2.70). At the same time, there are no major differences in safety between the 2 treatment options.

Conclusion:

Our study did not find any significant difference in effectiveness and safety between Atez/Bev and lenvatinib. However, Additional verification is required to determine whether these 2 therapeutic approaches have varying effects on distinct populations.
Predictive value of risk factors for prognosis of patients with sepsis in intensive care unit
Authors: Chen Caiyu , Wu Xinxin , Zhang Wen , Pu Yuting , Xu Xiangru , Sun Yuting , Fei Yuerong , Zhou Shuang , Fang Bangjiang
Published: June 2023

Sepsis has emerged as a major global public health concern due to its elevated mortality and high cost of care. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with the mortality of sepsis patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and to intervene in the early stages of sepsis in order to improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality. From January 1st, 2021 to December 31st, 2021, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, and The Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were designated as sentinel hospitals, and sepsis patients in their respective ICU and Emergency ICU were selected as research subjects, and divided into survivors and non-survivors according to their discharge outcomes. The mortality risk of sepsis patients was subsequently analyzed by logistic regression. A total of 176 patients with sepsis were included, of which 130 (73.9%) were survivors and 46 (26.1%) were non-survivors. Factors identified as having an impact on death among sepsis patients included female [Odds Ratio (OR) = 5.135, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.709, 15.427, P = .004)], cardiovascular disease (OR = 6.272, 95% CI: 1.828, 21.518, P = .004), cerebrovascular disease (OR = 3.133, 95% CI: 1.093, 8.981, P = .034), pulmonary infections (OR = 6.700, 95% CI: 1.744, 25.748, P = .006), use of vasopressors (OR = 34.085, 95% CI: 10.452, 111.155, P < .001), WBC < 3.5 × 109/L (OR = 9.752, 95% CI: 1.386, 68.620, P = .022), ALT < 7 U/L (OR = 7.672, 95% CI: 1.263, 46.594, P = .027), ALT > 40 U/L (OR = 3.343, 95% CI: 1.097, 10.185, P = .034). Gender, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, pulmonary infections, the use of vasopressors, WBC, and ALT are important factors in evaluating the prognostic outcome of sepsis patients in the ICU. This suggests that medical professionals should recognize them expeditiously and implement aggressive treatment tactics to diminish the mortality rate and improve outcomes.
Prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among pregnant women in Ilala Municipality - Tanzania: Analytical cross-sectional study
Authors: Lema Eunice Justin , Seif Saada Ali
Published: June 2023

Anaemia during pregnancy is still 1 of the leading causes of maternal and neonatal mortality in low and middle-income countries. Initiatives to address this need evidence on trends and their relevant factors, as they vary from 1 area to another. This study determined the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among pregnant women in Ilala, Tanzania. This community-based, analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2022 involving 367 randomly selected pregnant women. An interviewer-administered questionnaire and a HemoCue analyzer were used for data collection The data was described using descriptive statistics (frequency distributions, percentages, etc) and inferential statistics (Chi-square tests and logistic regression) were used to explore the associations between the study’s outcome and its explanatory variables, with a significance level of P < .05. The mean age of participants was 26.2 (standard deviation = 5.2) years, 58.0% had a secondary education level, and 45.2 were prime-para. About half (57.2%) of all participants had low hemoglobin level, among which, 36.2% had moderate anemia. Having a primary education level (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.3, confidence interval [CI] = 1.1–4.7), having an inter-pregnancy interval of <18 months (AOR = 2.6, CI = 1.2–5.5), being in the third trimester (AOR = 2.4, CI = 1.2–4.7), not taking Intermittent Prophylaxis Treatment (AOR = 3.7, CI = 1.3–10), not taking iron supplement and folic acid (AOR = 3.7, CI = 1.3–10), and having a moderate appetite(AOR = 1.6, CI = 1.0–2.6) were predictors of anemia. Nutritionally related factors were not consuming on a daily basis dairy food (AOR = 3.7, CI = 1.4–9.3), meat/fish (AOR = 6.6, CI = 3–14), dark green and other vegetables (AOR = 6.6, CI = 3.1–14), fruits (AOR = 4.2, CI = 1.4–12) and having a lower dietary diversity score (AOR = 84, CI = 37–188). Approximately half of pregnant women in Ilala municipality were anemic with 1 third of them having moderate anemia. The associated factors varied from nutritional, obstetric, and socio-demographic factors. The targeted interventions should focus on health promotion campaign to sensitize the population on the dangers of anemia in pregnancy and preventive measures that must be adhered to.
Comprehensive analysis of femoral head necrosis based on machine learning and bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Chen Zheng , Jiang Yuankang , Wu Suwen , Dang Meng
Published: June 2023

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a kind of disabling disease, given that the molecular mechanism of ONFH has not been elucidated, it is of significance to use bioinformatics analysis to understand the disease mechanism of ONFH and discover biomarkers. Gene set for ONFH GSE74089 was downloaded in the Gene Expression Omnibus, and “limma” package in R software was used to identify differentially expressed genes related to oxidative stress. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyze were performed for functional analysis. We constructed a protein interaction network and identified potential transcription factors and therapeutic drugs for the hub genes, and delineated the TF-hub genes network. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, support vector machine and cytoHubba were used to screen feature genes and key genes, which were validated by Receiver operating characteristic. CIBERSORT was used to explored the immune microenvironment. Subsequently, we identified the function of key genes using Gene set variation analysis and their relationship with each type of immune cell. Finally, molecular docking validated the binding association between molecules and validated genes. We detected 144 differentially expressed oxidative stress-related genes, and enrichment analysis showed that they were enriched in reactive oxygen species and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. Protein-protein interaction and TF-hub genes network were conducted. Further exploration suggested that APOD and TMEM161A were feature genes, while TNF, NOS3 and CASP3 were key genes. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that APOD, CASP3, NOS3, and TNF have strong diagnostic ability. The key genes were enriched in oxidative phosphorylation. CIBERSORT analysis showed that 17 types immune cells were differentially relocated, and most of which were also closely related to key genes. In addition, genistein maybe potential therapeutic compound. In all, we identified that TNF, NOS3, and CASP3 played key roles on ONFH, and APOD, CASP3, NOS3, and TNF could serve as diagnostic biomarkers.