bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Implementation of Patient Safety Goals Framework at Inpatient Unit of Ciracas General Hospital, Indonesia
Authors: Galatama Purwadi Aditya , Sulistiadi Wahyu , Asyary Al
Published: October 2019

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the application of Patient Safety Goals (PSGS) - according to formal regulation of WHO Patient Safety and Joint Commission International (JCI) that set by Ministry of Health Act - in Inpatient Unit of Ciracas General Hospital.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in May-June 2017 through qualitative approach. The FGDs were conducted with nurses who were served in the inpatient unit, while in-depth interview was conducted to the informants by considering positions, duties and functions, and knowledge of Ciracas Hospital.Results: This study obtains indicators of PSGS that have not well-fully run in the Ciracas General Hospital inpatient unit. There was one indicator of PSGS which was PSGS 4; surely of fits procedure, that not entirely asses as of its infrastructure had not finished build. Fostering patient safety culture and to follow patient safety goals framework are the essential thing to be improved in inpatient unit.Conclusion: Patient safety in Ciracas General Hospital has become the genuine concern after this healthcare facility was improved from a primary healthcare facility before. However, there were several aspects that had no change with this healthcare facility transformation including building to focus on health care delivered.
Differentiation Image Quality of MRI Shoulder Joint with Variation RF Coils
Authors: Mulyati Sri , Rusyadi Luthfi , Rahmawati Ika Mentari Putri , Fatimah  , Wibowo Ardi Soesilo , Indrati Rini , Rasyid
Published: October 2019

Image Quality of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has several factors including SNR dan CNR. Influence Factors of SNR depends on the coil used. MRI shoulder joints in several hospitals can be done with different RF Coil, there are M coil flex and shoulder coil. Are there differences in image quality with MRI shoulder joints between the two coils. This study was conducted to determine differentiation SNR and CNR between them in the coronal proton density sequence of MR shoulder joint. This research was quantitative research with an experimental approach. Scanning was done by using Flex M Coil and shoulder coil with 10 samples. The quality image evaluated of SNR and CNR, data were analyzed using paired t-test with α = 5%. The results of the research showed significant differentiation of image quality between using Flex M Coil and shoulder coil in coronal proton density-weighted of MRI Shoulder Joint with p-value SNR < 0,001 and CNR = 0,002. The average of SNR and CNR using shoulder coil is higher than using flex M coil, so the shoulder coil has the better image quality of coronal proton density-weighted MRI shoulder joint.
Reflectivity of HIV/AIDS Survivors as Risk Society in Dealing with Medical Risk
Authors: Demartoto Argyo , Murti Bhisma , Zunariyah Siti
Published: October 2019

People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are associated with death, but this study disagrees with such social construction. This qualitative research with phenomenological approach aimed to analyze the reflectivity of HIV/AIDS survivors in dealing with medical risk in Surakarta, Indonesia, using observation, in-depth interview, medical record, and viral load test and supported with information obtained from the informants analyzed using Beck’s risk society theory. Result showed HIV/AIDS survivors undertook a healthy life and kept surviving because they performed reflexive modernization on medical risk. Some PLWHAs encountered side effects of ARV therapy. CD4 level of 50/ml led to blackish skin and itchiness, but after 3-month ARV therapy, the blackish skin disappeared. Some PLWHAs always developed morning sickness, itchiness and skin reddishness due to abacavir consumption. To avoid it, they consume liquid food like juice or milk. Steve-Johnson’s Syndrome occurred in the first week during ARV consumption on average. Opened communication, information, and nutrition counseling are very desirable. ARV schedule should be complied with, because ARV incompliance can suppress viral load and increase ARV resistance. Routine HIV test and ARV compliance can improve body immune system thereby making HIV/AIDS status undetected.
Cybercrime Business Digital in Indonesia
Authors: Fahlevi Mochammad , Saparudin Mohamad , Maemunah Sari , Irma Dasih , Ekhsan Muhamad
Published: October 2019

The development of information technology and especially internet communication has caused significant social, economic and cultural changes to occur so quickly. On one side of information technology can provide benefits, simplify and accelerate access to information that we need in all things and can change the model of the economy and business models. However, even a negative impact cannot be avoided. Along with the development of internet technology, causing the emergence of new crimes called new cybercrime through the internet network. In this study, the authors approached qualitatively with interview methods and supported descriptive data from research sources originating from regulators and current digital business people who aimed to find out cybercrime in Indonesia. The results of this study, both regulators and business people view that critical preventive measures are taken and the law must continue to follow the development of crime in the cyber world.
Reliability Centered Maintenance to Determine Priority of Machine Damage Mode
Authors: Rizkya Indah , Siregar Ikhsan , Siregar Khawarita , Matondang Rahim , Henri Enrico Waldo
Published: October 2019

High machine downtime results in the production process being disrupted. The average engine breakdown in the sterilizer production is 35.66 hours/month. The corrective maintenance method has not been able to guarantee a smooth production process. This study will plan preventive maintenance activities in order to increase the reliability of production machinery and also maintain the smooth production process. The study was carried out by identifying the damage level of a sterilizer machine with the FMEA method. Based on the result of the FMEA method, maintenance planning of the production machine using the Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM). FMEA indicates that there are 5 highest risk priority number values, namely the IGBT, Mosfet, bearing bushings, rool former and v-block components. For the maintenance planning using the RCM method, the results obtained were the Total Minimum Downtime (TMD) criteria indicates that the optimum turnover interval of Roll Former, Mosfet, V-Block, IGBT, and Bearing Bushing components is 24 days, 23 days, 25 days, 26 days, and 22 days. The recommendation of the RCM maintenance method has the potential to have a positive impact, namely a decrease in the average critical component downtime of 37,103 % and also an increase in reliability.
System of Performance Evaluation of Rice Paddy Production with Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Hidayah Qori Halimatul , Mustafid  , Adi Kusworo
Published: October 2019

Agriculture is one of the important factors in the development of the economy in Indonesia as an agricultural country because most of Indonesia's population has work in the field of agriculture or planting. Concepts and elements to understand and apply the performance calculations of evaluation of rice production using Data Envelopment Analysis. In this article convey and receive the evaluation of paddy production performance to know the value of efficiency and support in the process of paddy production in 2 planting seasons to find out the optimization of paddy production through performance evaluation Production to improve quality and be able to enrich the people. Input and output processes that have significance to improve the optimization of rice production and level to efficiency in rice production. This article will discuss the performance analysis of rice production and the results that will be given to know the efficiency in production and to help agricultural officers and farmers to produce an optimal and efficient product. Decision Making Unit (DMU) which has an efficiency value of fewer than 1 means inefficient whereas Decision Making Unit (DMU) whose value is 1 means efficient.
Using Fuzzy Time Series (FTS) and Linear Programming for Production Planning and Planting Pattern Scheduling Red Onion
Authors: Indriyanti Aries Dwi , Prehanto Dedy Rahman , Permadi Ginanjar Setyo , Mashuri Chamdan , Vitadiar Tanhella Zein
Published: October 2019

This study discusses the production planning system and scheduling shallots planting patterns using fuzzy time series and linear programming methods. In this study fuzzy time series to predict the number of requests and the results of predictions from fuzzy time series methods become one of the variables in the calculation of linear programming. Using supporting variables, demand data, production data, employment data, land area data, production profit data, data on the number of seedlings and planting time data are indicators used in processing the system. The system provides recommendations for cropping patterns and the number of seeds that must be planted in one period. The age of harvesting onions is ± 3-4 months from the planting process, the number of planting seeds is adjusted to the number of requests that have been predicted by using fuzzy time series and cropping pattern calculation process is carried out using linear programming. The results of this system are recommendations for farmers to plant seedlings, planting schedules, and harvest schedules to meet market demand.
Why do Customers Intend to Repurchase Transportation Online in Indonesia?
Authors: Sutia Sabar , Adha Shultonnyck , Fahlevi Mochammad
Published: October 2019

The rapid population growth of Jakarta to further improve urban mobility problems. The imbalance between public infrastructures provided by the number of people who need it led to a lack of municipal services. Transportation Online has become one transportation solutions, present in transportation needs cheap, efficient, and fast. Even amid the busy road, using motor transportation would be faster. This study aims to develop a model that connects between the independent variables namely; Online Marketing (X1), Brand Awareness (X2) with the dependent variable is the Decision of Repurchase (Y2) and Customer Satisfaction (Y1). This research was conducted in East Jakarta. The research method used was surveyed. The population in this study is the user Transportation Online East Jakarta area. The sampling technique used in this study is incidental sampling. These results indicate that the two independent variables, namely Marketing Online (X1) and Brand Awareness (X2) effect on Repurchase Decision variable (Y2) and Customer Satisfaction (Y1). From the test results simultaneously obtained that Online Marketing and Brand Awareness jointly influence decisions repurchase mediated by customer satisfaction Transportation Online service users, means the better online marketing and brand awareness of the company, the higher the repurchase decisions and customer satisfaction.
The Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (Dematel) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) for Learning Material Evaluation System
Authors: Permadi Ginanjar Setyo , Vitadiar Tanhella Zein , Kistofer Terdy , Mujianto Ahmad Heru
Published: October 2019

Evaluate the learning that will be given or given to diagnose success and failure in understanding teaching materials. Failure to provide learning can be caused by the use of inappropriate teaching or media methods, and difficult language to convey. By applying information technology in evaluating learning materials, a web-based evaluation system can be developed to conduct assessments and as a way to improve the quality of learning materials with certain criteria. So that the problem of failure in the learning process can be known based on the learning material used. This study integrates the DEMATEL and ANP methods that support decision making by evaluating lecturer learning material to students. Based on the problems and explanations described earlier, the use of the DEMATEL and ANP methods is expected to assist in evaluating learning materials with the aim of always trying to provide good learning materials based on the right factors or criteria. The results of making an evaluation system aim to assess the suitability of learning materials with the criteria used as further improvement efforts and to find out where the lack of success in learning. Thus it can be sustainable between the objectives and the final results of teaching.
Evaluation of E-learning Websites Using the Webqual Method and Importance Performance Analysis
Authors: Jundillah Muhammad Labib , Suseno Jatmiko Endro , Surarso Bayu
Published: October 2019

Participant-centered training that uses digital classes leads to changes in the current learning system that focuses on the domain of knowledge. The use of technology in the modern era can be a solution to overcome the issue of expenditure and the quality of educational institutions. The Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) and Webqual methods were chosen in this study because Webqual can translate user opinions in the form of questionnaires and the IPA method is used in managing the results of questionnaire data so that it can produce IPA quadrants. The purpose of this study is to evaluate e-learning websites based on the results of the webqual questionnaire and calculations with the importance-performance analysis method. The questionnaire was distributed to 95 students with various types of study programs at Stikubank University. The results of the calculation of the IPA method indicate that the average student is satisfied with the quality of the e-learning website at 86.75%. Although there are still some parts that can be improved on e-learning websites such as clear instructions, accurate information, and ease of communication.
Information System for Analysis of the Need of Doctors Using K-Means Clustering and Chi-Square Test
Authors: Sari Nova Christina , Kusumaningrum Retno , Suryono Suryono
Published: October 2019

Doctor is one of the medical staff who is needed by the community in implementing health in Indonesia. Some provinces in Indonesia have different populations and doctors, an analysis is needed to maximize the number of doctors to the population. In this research, the K-means method was used to divide the cluster into the number of doctors needed and the chi-square method to final testing for the result of clustering. This research will provide results on areas that need to increase the number of doctors or do not need to add additional doctors in Indonesia. Using of the K-means clustering method and chi-square test for doctor analysis, giving results of accuracy which is 78%.
Mobile Application of Electronic Prescribing for Supporting E-Health Services
Authors: Amin M. Miftakul , Sutrisman Adi , Stiawan Deris , Ermatita
Published: October 2019

The frequency of frequent medication errors in misreading prescriptions and drug doses that have the potential to cause harm and endanger the patient's health can be reduced by building electronic prescription applications (e-prescribing). The purpose of the development of e-prescribing is that prescription data that has been previously given to patients, can be traced to the history of prescription administration. A patient can seek treatment at more than one health provider organization so that prescription data provided by each health provider can ideally be traced and accessed through smartphone devices that are currently widely used by patients. In this research, a mobile application for electronic prescription has been built using RESTful Web Service as a WEB API that is used to integrate various prescription data from health providers. On the client-side mobile applications are used to access electronic prescription services. This research has provided an alternative prescription with information retrieval that is faster, more economical in the use of paper media, and integration of health information can be done in a framework so that it will improve health services to patients.
Effect of frequency, temperature, and time of sonication on xanton content of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) peel extract through ultrasound assisted extraction
Authors: Suryono Suryono , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto , Yasin Moh. , Widyowati Retno , Muniroh Muflihatul , Amalia Annisa`
Published: October 2019

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) has been used for the extraction of mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana L.) in producing xanton. Mangosteen peel extraction with UAE has been carried out to determine the effect of frequency, temperature, and time of sonication on the xanton content. The parameters controlled are frequency (20 - 40 kHz), temperature (25 - 35oC), and sonication time (20 - 40 minutes). The solvent used in the extraction was methanol with a ratio of mangosteen peel: solvent = 1: 10 and analysis of xanton content in the extraction. Extraction results showed that the content of xanthones from the extraction results of mangosteen (Gracinia mangostana L.) peel with UAE had optimum values at a frequency of 40 kHz, temperature of 35oC, and sonication time of 30 minutes. At the same frequency, temperature, and time, conventionally showed xanthones content of mangosteen rind extract of 93 ppm. The results show that the extraction yield using UAE is greater than that of conventional methods. From the results of this experiment, it can be concluded that the use of the UAE in the xanthones extraction process of mangosteen peel (Gracinia mangostana L.) is more optimal when compared to conventional methods.
Hyperkaliämie
Authors: Gerhardt Louisa M. S. , Angermann Christiane E.
Published: October 2019

Hyperkaliämie erhöht bei stationären wie auch ambulanten Patienten das Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsrisiko. Verursacht wird diese häufige Elektrolytstörung durch verminderte renale Kaliumelimination, vermehrte Kaliumzufuhr oder Kaliumverschiebung vom Intra- in den Extrazellularraum, wenn Ausscheidungs- oder Regulationsmechanismen zusätzlich beeinträchtigt sind. Hyperkaliämie kann zur Störung des zellulären Membranpotenzials und in der Folge zu lebensbedrohlichen Herzrhythmusstörungen führen. Ein besonders hohes Hyperkaliämie-Risiko haben herzinsuffiziente Patienten, die zudem an Niereninsuffizienz und/oder Diabetes mellitus leiden. Folgen sind oft eine nicht ausreichende Dosierung, Dosisreduktion oder Absetzen prognostisch wichtiger Herzinsuffizienzmedikamente, die eine Hyperkaliämie-Neigung verstärken (z. B. Angiotensin-Konversionsenzym-Hemmer, Angiotensin-Rezeptorblocker und Mineralokortikoidrezeptor-Antagonisten). Neue orale Kaliumbinder könnten die Therapiemöglichkeiten entscheidend erweitern.
Interventionelle Behandlung der Aortenklappe – Update und Herausforderungen 2019
Authors: Gerçek Muhammed , Rudolph Tanja , Bleiziffer Sabine , Rudolph Volker
Published: October 2019

Aortic valve stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease requiring treatment in Europe. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has already been established as a standard therapy in patients with high but also intermediate risk.

In the meantime, it is even being performed more frequently than surgical replacement in Germany.

This article presents current data, indications and future challenges.
Verschluss des persistierenden Foramen ovale nach ischämischem Schlaganfall
Authors: Häusler Karl Georg , Neugebauer Hermann
Published: October 2019

Secondary prevention of otherwise cryptogenic stroke in patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been a matter of debate over nearly three decades. Main issues were that data essentially derived from case-control-studies for a long period and that results from the randomized controlled trials CLOSURE-I, PC Trial and RESPECT, which were published in 2012 and 2013, were interpreted in different ways. The likewise not blinded randomized controlled trials REDUCE, CLOSE and DEFENSE-PFO, which were published in 2017 and 2018, consistently demonstrated superiority of interventional PFO closure compared to secondary stroke prevention with antiplatelet therapy in patients 18 to 60 years with cryptogenic stroke and moderate to severe atrial right-to-left shunt. Consecutively, the German Society of Cardiology, the German Society of Neurology and the German Stroke Society published joint recommendations strongly recommending interventional PFO closure in these patients. This review article briefly summarizes current scientific knowledge. Furthermore, open questions regarding secondary prevention in otherwise cryptogenic stroke patients with PFO are discussed.
Ein Vergleich zwischen der gastrointestinalen Endoskopie in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik in den 70er- und 80er-Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts – Teil 2
Authors: Thümmler Katrin , Koch Sebastian
Published: October 2019

Nach der Teilung Deutschlands wurde in beiden deutschen Staaten endoskopisch erfolgreich gearbeitet und geforscht. „Auch wenn sie wegen mangelnder Gelder und schlechter Grundausstattung nicht an den westlichen Standard anknüpfen konnte, erzielte die DDR – dank großen Engagements und Improvisation – eindrucksvolle Ergebnisse. Exemplarisch sind der Bereich der pädiatrischen Gastroenterologie und das Thema ,Malabsorption und Eiweißexsudation in den Dünndarm‘ zu nennen, auf beiden Gebieten wurde in Jena gearbeitet“ 1. Das Wissen der in der DDR tätigen Endoskopiker ist durchaus verwendbar.

Im Vorwort der Chronik der Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie der DDR schrieb 2002 Professor Tilman Sauerbruch: „Wir, die wir das Glück hatten nach dem Krieg im Westen Deutschlands aufgewachsen zu sein, haben uns selten oder nie klargemacht, wie eine Diktatur auch das ärztliche Handeln bestimmt. Und wir haben uns nicht klargemacht, dass zwischen 1961 und 1989 in der DDR eine eigene Geschichte der Gastroenterologie geschrieben wurde […] trotz materiellen Mangels und fehlender Ressourcen, trotz des unterdrückten Austauschs über die Grenzen hinweg und trotz der deutlichen Beeinträchtigung des universitären Gedankens einer freien Forschung“ 2.

In beiden deutschen Staaten wurden endoskopische Meisterleistungen erbracht. Im vereinten Deutschland muss deshalb denen Dank gezollt werden, die Neues entwickelt haben, aber auch denen, die unter erschwerten Bedingungen geforscht und gearbeitet haben.
Pflegerische Begleitung ängstlicher Patienten vor endoskopischen Eingriffen
Authors: Franke Kai
Published: October 2019

Die Begleitung ängstlicher Patienten vor einer endoskopischen Untersuchung ist im Alltag ein elementarer Bestandteil. Die vorhandene Angst können wir ihnen so kurzfristig nicht nehmen, aber wir können durch Rahmenbedingungen im Vorfeld und Kommunikation positiv auf sie einwirken, ihre Angst zu lindern und diese anzunehmen. Vieles wenden wir im Alltag unterbewusst bereits an. Wir sollten individuell auf den Patienten und seine Bedürfnisse eingehen und bestimmte einzelne Maßnahmen anwenden. Nicht alle Maßnahmen auf einmal sind für jeden Patienten sinnvoll, es gilt: auch weniger ist manchmal mehr. Auch eine einfache Begleitung durch das Halten der Hand bis zur vollständigen Sedierung ist oftmals ausreichend. Patienten mit Einschränkungen der Sinne, wie zum Beispiel einer Hörschädigung, müssen ebenfalls erst erkannt und individuell betreut werden. Dies kann etwas mehr Zeit in Anspruch nehmen. Zeit sollten wir diesen Patienten zugestehen, um bei solchen Untersuchungen einen positiven Verlauf und ein qualitativ hochwertiges Untersuchungsergebnis zu erreichen.

Ich bin der Meinung, dass es keinen anderen Beruf gibt, der näher am Mensch ist, als den Beruf des Gesundheits- und Krankenpflegers.

Wir dürfen im turbulenten Alltag nicht vergessen, dass wir mit Menschen zusammenarbeiten, die unsere uneingeschränkte Aufmerksamkeit benötigen.
Multiselective Catalytic Asymmetric Reactions Using α-Keto Esters as Pronucleophiles
Authors: Sohtome Yoshihiro , Sodeoka Mikiko
Published: October 2019

In the reactions of simple starting materials, precise catalytic control of the stereochemical outcome (enantio- and diastereoselectivity), as well as chemoselectivity and regioselectivity is an efficient approach to increase molecular complexity with minimal use of protecting groups. Here, we introduce our ongoing studies on asymmetric catalytic reactions using α-keto esters as pronucleophiles or formal 1,3-dipolarophiles. Capitalizing on the high tunability of our late transition-metal complexes with a suitable basic counteranion, we have established a range of multiselective catalytic protocols starting from α-keto esters to provide a wide variety of stereochemically complex molecules incorporating adjacent stereocenters.

1 Introduction

2 Catalytic Asymmetric Monofluorination with NSFI

3 Catalytic Asymmetric Michael Reaction with Nitroolefins

4 Catalytic Asymmetric [3+2] Cycloaddition with (E)-Nitrones

5 Catalytic Asymmetric [3+2] Cycloaddition with Nitrile Oxides

6 Summary
Visible-Light-Promoted C2 Trifluoromethylation of Quinoline N-Oxides
Authors: Liang Ce , Zhuo Wang-Tao , Niu Yan-Ning , Gao Guo-Lin
Published: October 2019

A photoredox catalytic strategy has been described for the direct C2 trifluoromethylation of quinoline N-oxides. This reaction is compatible with a range of synthetically relevant functional groups for providing efficient synthesis of a variety of C2 trifluoromethyl quinoline N-oxides at room temperature. Mechanistic studies indicated that the reaction proceeds via a radical pathway.
POxAP Precatalysts and the Negishi Cross-Coupling Reaction
Authors: Tang Shuang-Qi , Schmitt Martine , Bihel Frédéric
Published: October 2019

Recently developed for the Fukuyama reaction, post-oxidative addition precatalysts (POxAPs) are also very efficient in catalyzing Negishi cross-coupling reactions between organohalides and organozinc reagents. Using very low catalyst loadings, POxAPs show similar catalytic activities to those of classical precatalysts such as XPhos Pd G4 or PEPPSI-IPr, with turnover numbers of up to 93,000. POxAPs are easily prepared, are stable to air and moisture, tolerate a wide range of functional groups in the Negishi cross-coupling reaction and contribute advantageously to the arsenal of organic chemists in terms of Pd precatalysts.
Anterolateral Approach with Endoscopic Assistance for Resection of a Craniovertebral Junction Chordoma
Authors: Champagne Pierre-Olivier , Voormolen Eduard H. , Froelich Sébastien
Published: October 2019

Craniovertebral junction chordomas can represent a surgical challenge, especially when intradural extension and contact with neurovascular structures is involved. To date, there is still controversy on the choice of optimal surgical corridor for such lesions, with endoscopic endonasal, far lateral and anterolateral corridors being those most commonly used. In this operative video, we present a case of craniovertebral junction chordoma with significant bone destruction and intradural extension (Fig. 1). The tumor was safely removed using an anterolateral approach with transposition of the vertebral artery to gain access to the lateral craniovertebral junction. The endoscope is demonstrated to help with intradural tumor removal, providing a wide angle of view through a relatively narrow dural opening (Fig. 2). In this video, nuances of the anterolateral approach, chordoma removal strategies and closure technique are presented in detail. A gross total resection was achieved, and the postoperative course was uneventful. In summary, the anterolateral approach with endoscopic assistance can offer a safe and effective corridor for the surgical management of craniovertebral junction chordomas.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/pC0YxKgNoMY.
On the nature of blob propagation and generation in the large plasma device: Global GRILLIX studies
Authors: Ross A. , Stegmeir A. , Manz P. , Groselj D. , Zholobenko W. , Coster D. , Jenko F.
Published: October 2019

The appearance of blobs, filamentary structures featuring large intermittent perturbations, is characteristic for the scrape-off layer of magnetic fusion devices. Therefore, a global model, which does not rely on assumptions about the fluctuation level, is necessary to model blobs accurately. Whereas GRILLIX, a global 3D fluid turbulence code, is originally designed to handle complex geometries via the flux-coordinate independent approach, the analysis here focuses on a thorough verification, validation, and identification of basic phenomena in simplified slab geometry. As such the impact of the routinely employed Boussinesq approximation is studied systematically, revealing that not only the density amplitude itself matters, but also the blob regime that is also influenced by temperature. This points out that the validity of the Boussinesq approximation cannot generally be taken for granted. Furthermore, GRILLIX is validated against the large plasma device experiment and the formation of blobs is studied. A cross-phase evaluation suggests as candidates for the blob drive mechanism the rotational interchange instability.
Vibration-induced instability of a fluid film flowing down a vertical plane: Experimental and numerical comparison
Authors: Julius S. , Garih H. , Estivalezes J. L. , Casalis G.
Published: October 2019

This paper constitutes the latest part of an investigation into the vibration-induced instability of a fluid flowing down an inclined plane. Paper I [H. Garih et al., “Detailed analysis of the vibration induced instability of a liquid film flow,” Phys. Fluids 25(1), 014101 (2013)] involved an in-depth look at the development and characteristics of the vibration-induced instabilities via bespoke linear stability analysis via spectral methods in the case of a fluid flowing down an inclined plane. Paper II [H. Garih, J. L. Estivalezes, and G. Casalis, “On the transient phase of the Faraday instability,” Phys. Fluids 25(12), 124104 (2013)] involved solution of the problem numerically via 3-D direct numerical simulation (DNS) simulations and a study of the effect of initial conditions on the transient phase of instability development in the case of a flat horizontal receptacle with no fluid flow. Paper III [H. Garih et al., “Vibration-induced instability of a fluid film flowing down a vertically inclined plane: Experimental and theoretical comparison,” Phys. Fluids 29(10), 104103 (2017)] involved validating the theory of linear stability as applied to a fluid flowing down a vertically inclined plane via an experimental comparison. In this latest part, a two-dimensional direct numerical simulation is carried out for the case with air flow at the fluid interface. The numerical solver was compared to the experiment by evaluating the frequency spectra at specific forcing amplitudes where mode 2 and 3 instabilities become dominant. The simulation reproduced the principal features of the frequency spectra in all cases to a high degree of accuracy and demonstrates that a consideration of a two-dimensional case is sufficient to accurately resolve the onset and growth of higher mode nonlinear instabilities without the need to account for three-dimensional effects.
Impact of airflow on the heat transfer conditions inside an oven cavity, characterized using particle imaging velocimetry
Authors: Garg Anubha , Shrivastava Chandrima , Murai Yuichi , Windhab Erich J.
Published: October 2019

The complex airflow in convection ovens directly influences the heat transferred to the product placed inside, thereby affecting product quality. Characterization of related airflow profiles can provide scientific understanding for improvement of oven designs as well as important parameters for simulation of involved thermal processes. In this study, the particle-imaging velocimetry (PIV) technique was applied to visualize airflow inside a household convection oven with samples placed at three different locations on a baking tray. The oven cavity was modified for optical access, and airflow was measured at room temperature. A 30 mW green laser was used for illuminating tracer particles in a laser sheet that were generated using incense sticks. The flow patterns were captured using a high-speed camera at 1000 fps. The vorticity and turbulent kinetic energy parameters derived from velocity fields reflected adequate mixing of air inside the cavity. The computed heat transfer coefficient distribution from the boundary layer flow fields to the sample surface ranged between 2.0 and 18.3 W m−2 K−1. The results showed separation of the laminar boundary layer from the object surface at angles of 85°–90°. The PIV-algorithms and boundary layer flow derived parameters developed in this study can be used for refined characterization of complex air or gas flows and related heat transfer characteristics in closed cavity convection ovens and the like arrangements.
Characterization of YIG thin films and vacuum annealing effect by polarized neutron reflectometry and magnetotransport measurements
Authors: Bai He , Zhan X. Z. , Li Gang , Su Jian , Zhu Z. Z. , Zhang Ying , Zhu T. , Cai J. W.
Published: October 2019

Nanometer-thick Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) films epitaxially grown on (111) Gd3Ga5O12 with a magnetic dead layer as thin as about 1.2 nm are quantified by polarized neutron reflectivity and magnetization measurements. Vacuum annealing on YIG at 300–400 °C leads to substantial reduction in the anomalous Hall effect, spin Hall magnetoresistance, and spin pumping in YIG/Pt bilayers but causes large enhancement in the spin Seebeck effect. The structural, static, and dynamic magnetic measurements show that the annealing has no discernible influence on the global oxidization states and saturation magnetization of YIG films but introduces subtle defects possibly in the form of oxygen vacancies. This study suggests that subtle defects in thin YIG films have multiple effects on the spin transport properties, and caution should be taken in annealing YIG in vacuum.
How cations affect the electric double layer and the rates and selectivity of electrocatalytic processes
Authors: Waegele Matthias M. , Gunathunge Charuni M. , Li Jingyi , Li Xiang
Published: October 2019

Electrocatalysis is central to the production of renewable fuels and high-value commodity chemicals. The electrolyte and the electrode together determine the catalytic properties of the liquid/solid interface. In particular, the cations of the electrolyte can greatly change the rates and reaction selectivity of many electrocatalytic processes. For this reason, the careful choice of the cation is an essential step in the design of catalytic interfaces with high selectivity for desired high-value products. To make such a judicious choice, it is critical to understand where in the electric double layer the cations reside and the various distinct mechanistic impacts they can have on the electrocatalytic process of interest. In this perspective, we review recent advances in the understanding of the electric double layer with a particular focus on the interfacial distribution of cations and the cations’ hydration states in the vicinity of the electrode under various experimental conditions. Furthermore, we summarize the different ways in which cations can alter the rates and selectivity of chemical processes at electrified interfaces and identify possible future areas of research in this field.
Real-time observation of filamentary conduction pathways in Ca-doped BiFeO3
Authors: Park Heung-Sik , Lim Ji Soo , Suh Jeonghun , Yang Chan-Ho
Published: October 2019

Ionic migration is a key ingredient for applications such as oxide electrolytes and resistive switching memories. We investigate the evolution of ionic conduction pathways based on optical contrast in an epitaxial Bi0.7Ca0.3FeO3−δ thin film where oxygen vacancies are spontaneously produced. We visualize electroforming processes in the hundred-micrometer-scale material channels between coplanar electrodes with a constant electric bias at an elevated temperature, systematically varying the channel orientation with respect to the crystal axis. At the initial stage of electroforming, conducting filaments are created and propagate nearly along the crystal axes ⟨100⟩. The local density of conducting filament regions increases with the elapsed time of bias application and also exhibits a linear dependence on the spatial position at a given time. We also find that the filament-type ionic conduction is abruptly transformed to the bulk conduction when the filament density reaches ∼30%. These results offer useful insight into collective ionic migration in crystalline solids.
Capture and emission mechanisms of defect states at interface between nitride semiconductor and gate oxides in GaN-based metal-oxide-semiconductor power transistors
Authors: Huang Sen , Wang Xinhua , Liu Xinyu , Zhao Rui , Shi Wen , Zhang Yichuan , Fan Jie , Yin Haibo , Wei Ke , Zheng Yingkui , Shi Jingyuan , Wang Xiaolei , Wang Wenwu , Sun Qian , Chen Kevin J.
Published: October 2019

A physical insight into the capture and emission behavior of interface/oxide states in a GaN-based metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structure is of great importance to understanding the threshold voltage (VTH) instability in GaN power transistors. A time-dependent VTH shift in Ni/Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN MOS-HFETs (heterojunction field-effect transistors) and a distribution of Al2O3/III-nitride interface states (Dit) were successfully characterized by constant-capacitance deep level transient spectroscopy. It is found that in situ remote plasma pretreatments in plasma-enhanced atomic-layer-deposition could suppress Dit (EC-ET > 0.4 eV) down to below 1.3 × 1012 cm−2 eV−1. Under high applied gate bias (e.g., VG  > 8 V), tunnel filling of oxide states in the Al2O3 dielectric comes into play, contributing to remarkable VTH instability in the MOS-HFETs. The tunnel distance between the 2D Electron Gas (2DEG) channel and oxide states ET,ox in the Al2O3 dielectric decreases from 3.75 to 0.82 nm as VG increases from 2 to 8 V. A further increase of VG to 11 V makes the Fermi level approach ET,ox (EC  −  ET ∼ 1.62 eV), which may enable direct filling. High electric field induced tunnel filling of gate oxide states could be an assignable cause for VTH instability in normally-OFF III-nitride MOS-HFETs.
The temperature dependence of electron transport in a composite film of graphene oxide with single-wall carbon nanotubes: an analysis and comparison with a nanotube film
Authors: Karachevtsev V. A. , Kurnosov N. V.
Published: October 2019

The work describes the results of low-temperature studies (5–291 K) of electron transport in composite films of graphene oxide with single-wall nanotubes (GO-SWNTs) obtained by vacuum filtration of their aqueous suspension. The emergence of conductivity in such films is shown to be related to nanotubes, since the GO film, unlike the nanotube film, has no conductivity. For a comparative analysis, the electrical conductivity of the SWNT film was also considered. The GO-SWNT and SWNT films exhibit a semiconductor behavior with a negative temperature coefficient of electrical conductivity. The temperature dependences of film resistance have been analyzed using the 3D Mott model that describes the motion of electrons (due to thermally activated tunneling through barriers) with variable-range hopping (the VRH model) in an interval of 5–240 K. The analysis of the dependences yielded estimates for the parameters of electron transport in the composite GO-SWNT film and SWNT nanotube film: the average hopping range and energy of the electron; their temperature dependences have been plotted. A comparison of these parameters for different films showed that nanotube contact with the GO surface hinders electron transport in the composite film. To describe the temperature dependence of film resistance at Т > 240 K, the Arrhenius model is used from which the potential barrier value has been obtained.
Transmission-enhancing grated plate may allow for previously inaccessible ultrasonic imaging
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: October 2019

Researchers found the transmission of ultrasonic waves can be enhanced using a brass plate with periodic circular gratings, opening the door to additional imaging potential.
What has the Rosetta probe taught us about comet tails?
Authors: Gasparini Allison
Published: October 2019

Researchers studied how the coma of a comet traps and accelerates passing electrons.
Animal Nutrition
Authors: Hynd Philip
Published: October 2019

Nutrition is the key driver of animal health, welfare and production. In agriculture, nutrition is crucial to meet increasing global demands for animal protein and consumer demands for cheaper meat, milk and eggs and higher standards of animal welfare. For companion animals, good nutrition is essential for quality and length of life.
Animal Nutrition examines the science behind the nutrition and feeding of the major domesticated animal species: sheep, beef cattle, dairy cattle, deer, goats, pigs, poultry, camelids, horses, dogs and cats. It includes introductory chapters on digestion and feeding standards, followed by chapters on each animal, containing information on digestive anatomy and physiology, evidence-based nutrition and feeding requirements, and common nutritional and metabolic diseases.
Clear diagrams, tables and breakout boxes make this text readily understandable and it will be of value to tertiary students and to practising veterinarians, livestock consultants, producers and nutritionists.
Habitat value of Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) reefs on soft sediments
Authors: McLeod I. M. , Boström-Einarsson L. , Creighton C. , D'Anastasi B. , Diggles B. , Dwyer P. G. , Firby L. , Le Port A. , Luongo A. , Martínez-Baena F. , McOrrie S. , Heller-Wagner G. , Gillies C. L.
Published: October 2019

Estimates of the ecological and economic value of ecosystems can provide important information for the prioritisation of conservation and restoration actions. Oyster reefs that were once common in temperate coastal waters have now been largely degraded or lost. Oyster reefs provide a suite of ecological services, including habitat and a food supply for a range of other species. In Australia, there is growing interest in oyster reef restoration, but there are knowledge gaps with regard to their structure and habitat value. Here, we describe the structure of eight remnant Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) reefs and estimate the density, biomass, productivity and composition of mobile macroinvertebrate and infaunal communities associated with them. The oyster reefs had a distinct assemblage of macroinvertebrates, with fivefold higher density of larger (≥2mm) macroinvertebrates, fivefold higher biomass and almost fivefold higher productivity, than that of adjacent bare sediments. The productivity of infaunal communities was twice as high under oyster reefs than in adjacent bare sediments. Therefore, S. glomerata reef restoration is likely to provide important habitat for macroinvertebrate communities and boost local secondary production.
The obligatory fronting of the undergoer argument in the Mandarin Excessive serial verb construction
Authors: Fan Ying , Li Man
Published: October 2019

This paper discusses the unmarked obligatory fronting of the undergoer argument in the Excessive serial verb construction (hereafter SVC) in Mandarin Chinese. Acknowledging the existing description of the semantic-syntactic characteristics of the Excessive SVC (see for example,Li 1994,Shen & Peng 2010,Zhang 2014,Fan 2017), we provide an explicit monoclausal account for the phenomenon of obligatory fronting of the undergoer argument, arguing that it directly correlates with the monoclausal structure. By doing so, we contrast our analysis with the existing analysis byFan (2017). Furthermore, we argue that despite the flexible ordering of the actor and the undergoer arguments at the similar surface forms of the Excessive SVC, they take different positions in expressions that are in different sequences. In this case, the undergoer argument is always the subject; the actor argument functions as an external topic when it occurs before the undergoer argument and it shows similarities to an inner topic when it occurs after the undergoer argument. Nevertheless, unlike with inner topics, the actor argument that occurs after the subject of the Excessive SVC is restricted to the actor/causer role.
Wannier90 as a community code: new features and applications
Authors: Pizzi Giovanni , Vitale Valerio , Arita Ryotaro , Blügel Stefan , Freimuth Frank , Géranton Guillaume , Gibertini Marco , Gresch Dominik , Johnson Charles , Koretsune Takashi , Ibañez-Azpiroz Julen , Lee Hyungjun , Lihm Jae-Mo , Marchand Daniel , Marrazzo Antimo , Mokrousov Yuriy , Mustafa Jamal I , Nohara Yoshiro , Nomura Yusuke , Paulatto Lorenzo , Poncé Samuel , Ponweiser Thomas , Qiao Junfeng , Thöle Florian , Tsirkin Stepan S , Wierzbowska Małgorzata , Marzari Nicola , Vanderbilt David , Souza Ivo , Mostofi Arash A , Yates Jonathan R
Published: October 2019

Wannier90 is an open-source computer program for calculating maximally-localised Wannier functions (MLWFs) from a set of Bloch states. It is interfaced to many widely used electronic-structure codes thanks to its independence from the basis sets representing these Bloch states. In the past few years the development of Wannier90 has transitioned to a community-driven model; this has resulted in a number of new developments that have been recently released in Wannier90 v3.0. In this article we describe these new functionalities, that include the implementation of new features for wannierisation and disentanglement (symmetry-adapted Wannier functions, selectively-localised Wannier functions, selected columns of the density matrix) and the ability to calculate new properties (shift currents and Berry-curvature dipole, and a new interface to many-body perturbation theory); performance improvements, including parallelisation of the core code; enhancements in functionality (support for spinor-valued Wannier functions, more accurate methods to interpolate quantities in the Brillouin zone); improved usability (improved plotting routines, integration with high-throughput automation frameworks), as well as the implementation of modern software engineering practices (unit testing, continuous integration, and automatic source-code documentation). These new features, capabilities, and code development model aim to further sustain and expand the community uptake and range of applicability, that nowadays spans complex and accurate dielectric, electronic, magnetic, optical, topological and transport properties of materials.
Negative differential conductance in the electron-transport through copper-rich cuprous oxide thin films
Authors: Gloystein Alexander , Möller Christoph , Nilius Niklas
Published: October 2019

Copper deposition onto Cu2O thin films grown on Au(111) results in the formation of monolayer islands with hexagonal and rhombic shapes, as observed with scanning tunnelling microscopy. The differential conductance through the Cu islands is governed by distinct quantum well states (QWS), accompanied by pronounced electron standing wave patterns. Below the onset of the QWS, an extended region of negative differential conductance opens up, in which also the tunnelling current declines markedly with increasing bias voltage. The effect is assigned to the quantised electronic structure of the Cu islands in combination with the p-type conductance behaviour of the oxide film underneath. The latter promotes electron transport across the islands around the Fermi level, but leads to a closure of this transport channel at negative bias.