bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drivers of long-term variability in CO2 net ecosystem exchange in a temperate peatland
Authors: Helfter C. , Campbell C. , Dinsmore K. J. , Drewer J. , Coyle M. , Anderson M. , Skiba U. , Nemitz E. , Billett M. F. , Sutton M. A.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Land–atmosphere exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) in peatlands exhibits marked seasonal and inter-annual variability, which subsequently affects the carbon sink strength of catchments across multiple temporal scales. Long-term studies are needed to fully capture the natural variability and therefore identify the key hydrometeorological drivers in the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2. NEE has been measured continuously by eddy-covariance at Auchencorth Moss, a temperate lowland peatland in central Scotland, since 2002. Hence this is one of the longest peatland NEE studies to date. For 11 yr, the site was a consistent, yet variable, atmospheric CO2 sink ranging from −5.2 to −135.9 g CO2-C m−2 yr−1 (mean of −64.1 ± 33.6 g CO2-C m−2 yr−1). Inter-annual variability in NEE was positively correlated to the length of the growing season. Mean winter air temperature explained 87% of the inter-annual variability in the sink strength of the following summer, indicating a phenological memory-effect. Plant productivity exhibited a marked hysteresis with respect to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) over the growing season, indicative of two separate growth regimes. Ecosystem respiration (Reco) and gross primary productivity (GPP) were closely correlated (ratio 0.74), suggesting that autotrophic processes were dominant. Whilst the site was wet most of the year (water table depth <5 cm) there were indications that heterotrophic respiration was enhanced by drought, which also depressed GPP. NEE was compared to 5 other peatland sites which have published long-term NEE records. The CO2 uptake rate during the growing season was comparable to 3 other European sites, however the emission rate during the dormant season was significantly higher.
UBIQUITOUS INDOOR GEOLOCATION: A CASE STUDY OF JEWELLERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Nikparvar B. , Sadeghi-Niaraki A. , Azari P.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Addressing and geolocation for indoor environments are important fields of research in the recent years. The problem of finding location of objects in indoor spaces is proposed to solve in two ways. The first, is to assign coordinates to objects and second is to divide space into cells and detect the presence or absence of objects in each cell to track them. In this paper the second approach is discussed by using Radio Frequency Identification technology to identify and track high value objects in jewellery retail industry. In Ubiquitous Sensor Networks, the reactivity or proactivity of the environment are important issues. Reactive environments wait for a request to response to it. Instead, in proactive spaces, the environment acts in advance to deal with an expected action. In this research, a geo-sensor network containing RFID readers, tags, and antennas which continuously exchange radio frequency signal streams is proposed to manage and monitor jewellery galleries ubiquitously. The system is also equipped with a GIS representation which provides a more user-friendly system to manage a jewellery gallery.
Niveles de sedentarismo en población entre 18 y 60 años en Manizales, Pereira y Armenia- 2012. Análisis Multivariado
Authors: Vélez Álvarez Consuelo , Vidarte Claros José Armando , Parra Sánchez José Hernán
Published: October 2014

Objetivo: determinar las variables que predicen el nivel de sedentarismo en la población entre 18 y 60 años de Manizales, Pereira y Armenia, 2012. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal, con fase correlacional en 1535 personas, seleccionadas por un muestreo aleatorio probabilístico. Se analizaron: edad, género, frecuencia semanal de práctica, índice de masa corporal (IMC), perímetro de cadera y frecuencia cardiaca inicial. Se utilizó el test de Pérez y Rojas para medir el sedentarismo. Resultados: el 58,7 % de las personas de la muestra realizan actividad física, las variables asociadas fueron: estado civil, escolaridad, nivel y frecuencia de actividad física, cigarrillo, alcohol, café, IMC y edad (p < = 0,00). El género no se asocia con el nivel de sedentarismo; un factor de riesgo son los alucinógenos. Conclusiones: en la población de 18 a 60 años el estado civil, la escolaridad, el nivel y la frecuencia de actividad física, el cigarrillo, el alcohol, el café, el IMC y la edad explican el comportamiento de los niveles de sedentarismo de manera significativa. El modelo pronostica el 65,3% de los sedentarios.
Scaling the State: Egypt in the Third Millennium BC
Authors: Bussmann Richard
Published: October 2014

Discussions of the early Egyptian state suffer from a weak consideration of
scale. Egyptian archaeologists derive their arguments primarily from evidence of
court cemeteries, elite tombs, and monuments of royal display. The material
informs the analysis of kingship, early writing, and administration but it
remains obscure how the core of the early Pharaonic state was embedded in the
territory it claimed to administer. This paper suggests that the relationship
between centre and hinterland is key for scaling the Egyptian state of the Old
Kingdom (ca. 2,700-2,200 BC). Initially, central administration imagines Egypt
using models at variance with provincial practice. The end of the Old Kingdom
demarcates not the collapse, but the beginning of a large-scale state
characterized by the coalescence of central and local models.
Nieuwe strafwetgeving: de stand van zaken
Authors: Verbaan Joost H.J. , Salverda Barbara A.
Published: October 2014

Nieuwe strafwetgeving: de stand van zaken

In deze bijdrage bespreken de auteurs de (aankomende) nieuwe strafwetgeving van de landen Aruba, Curaçao en Sint Maarten en het gebied van de BES. Beide auteurs maken deel uit van het Antilliaanse projectteam van professor De Doelder. Dit projectteam heeft bijstand verleend bij de totstandkoming van het nieuwe Wetboek van Strafrecht (zelfstandig voor elk van de landen), alsmede bij de herziening van het Caribisch Wetboek van Strafvordering (eenvormig). Met het moderniseren van de teksten wordt in alle landen nieuwe strafwetgeving gecreëerd, met uiteraard de nodige wijzigingen in bestaande praktijk tot gevolg.
De Eilandsverordening Bevordering Openbare Orde en Bescherming Gemeenschap en het technisch keuren van voertuigen voor Karnaval en Seú.
Authors: Hu-a-ng Wendy A.M.
Published: October 2014

De Eilandsverordening Bevordering Openbare Orde en Bescherming Gemeenschap en het technisch keuren van voertuigen voor Karnaval en Seú.

Elk jaar worden op Curaçao optochten op de openbare weg georganiseerd zoals Karnaval en Seú. De wettelijke grondslag voor het verlenen van vergunningen voor deze evenementen is vervallen. Niettemin dienen voertuigen die gebruikt worden voor Karnaval en Seú uit veiligheidsoverwegingen technisch goedgekeurd te zijn. In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op deze aspecten en anderen zoals de bevoegdheid van de minister, de rechtsbescherming van de keuringplichtige en de noodzaak van een wettelijke regeling op het gebied van de openbare orde.
Contractuele verrekening tijdens faillissement
Authors: Bottse Robert M.
Published: October 2014

Contractuele verrekening tijdens faillissement

Contractueel kan van het bepaalde in afdeling 6.1.12 BW worden afgeweken. De verrekeningsbepalingen van afdeling 6.1.12 BW zijn in faillissement onverkort van toepassing mits niet strijdig met de bijzondere verrekeningsbepalingen van artikel 49, 50 en 51 Faillissementsbesluit (Fb). Op grond van jurisprudentie van de Hoge Raad kan een nauwkeurig raamwerk van regels worden onderscheiden waar het gaat om het toepassingsbereik van artikel 49 en 50 Fb. In deze bijdrage richt de auteur zich op de vraag in hoeverre een contractueel beding waarbij wordt afgeweken van de bepalingen van afdeling 6.1.12 BW van kracht blijft tijdens faillissement.
Mikobakterioza płuc. Rzadka choroba czy narastający problem epidemiologiczny?
Authors: Rowińska-Zakrzewska Ewa
Published: October 2014

Prątki niegruźlicze (NTM, non-tuberculous mycobacteria) stanowią dużą grupę drobnoustrojów, obejmującą około 140 gatunków [...]
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Poland: Distribution of Patients According to the New GOLD 2011 Classification. Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Wesołowski Stefan , Boros Piotr , Dębowski Tomasz
Published: October 2014

Introduction: In 2011 new classification for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was introduced, which are not based on the extent of airflow limitation alone, but also on symptoms and risk of exacerbation. The objective of our work was to present the characteristics of COPD patients according to the GOLD 2011 categories. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed with the participation of 411 specialists in pneumonology or allergology all over from Poland. Results: In the group of 2271 patients we obtained the following distribution of COPD categories: A 687 (30.3%), B 403 (17.7%), C 256 (11.3%), and D 925 (40.7%). There were very few patients with no exacerbation (1.3%). In subgroups A and B there were no such patients at all. The main reason for classification of patients into categories C and D was the number of exacerbations of COPD (66.0% and 40%, respectively). Cardiovascular comorbidities were more frequent in subgroups B and D, with more symptoms (82%) than in subgroups A and C (57%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: In a large group of patients, representative of the population of COPD patients in Poland, we observed an uneven distribution of patients in the GOLD 2011 categories, with 71% of patients assigned to category A or D. In our study, the main reason for classifying to category C or D was the high risk of disease exacerbation rather than the degree of FEV1 reduction, as noted in other reports.
Sinonimija u leksičko-semantičkoj grupi pejorativa za ženska lica u jablaničkom govoru
Authors: Žugić Radmila
Published: October 2014

U radu se na korpusu od dvesta četrdeset tri (243) pejorativa za ženska lica razmatra pojava sinonimije u okviru navedene leksičko-semantičke grupe. Predmet našeg istraživanja biće tipovi sinonimije, organizovanje sinonima u sinonimske nizove i sinonimske redove i sinonimski odnosi u okviru sinonimskih nizova i sinonimskih redova.
Researching new social (political) movements as protagonists of social engineering
Authors: Šuvaković Uroš
Published: October 2014

The article is a retrospective of the theoretical research of the sociologist Slobodan Antonic dedicated to evolution and strengthening of two important social (political) movements: radical-feminist and -LGBT. Contesting the scientific-methodological basis of theories that 'explain' them, the author emphasizes the importance of the neoliberal ideological platform on which these theories and derived movements are based. At the same time, numerous dangers that social engineering for which their members plead for are pointed out. Regardless the radical changes of social consciousness, social values and power relations in the contemporary society for which these movements plead for, they actually represent pro-systematic movements that help in preservation of neoliberal capitalism with their demands.
Relationships between pig welfare, productivity and farmer disposition
Authors: Jääskeläinen T , Kauppinen T , Vesala KM , Valros A
Published: October 2014

The aim of this study was, firstly, to investigate the connection between on-farm assessed welfare scores and production parameters for sows, and secondly, to examine how farmers perceive the connection between their disposition, animal welfare and productivity. We assessed environmental and management preconditions on animal welfare and interviewed farmers on 30 Finnish farms. We studied the relationship between welfare and production using correlation and regression analyses. The theory of planned behaviour served as an articulation of farmer disposition when studying farmer perceptions. Concerning the production data, better welfare scores from the ‘health and stockmanship’ category during lactation were correlated with shorter reproduction cycle and fewer stillborn piglets and it also explained some of the variation in the number of piglets per year and the length of the farrowing interval. The farmers agreed that the productivity parameters and the principles of assessing welfare used in this study were relevant. A majority of farmers considered that animal welfare affects productivity and that there are associations between farmer attitudes, animal welfare and productivity. There were no statistical relationships between farmer perceptions and animal welfare; yet on the farms of farmers with positive perceptions of attitudes to animal welfare and productivity there were slightly lower piglet mortality rates and lower stillbirth rates than on the farms with farmers holding less positive views. We conclude that actions to improve animal welfare also have an economic impact as they enhance sow production. Good stockmanship and healthier animals result in more piglets born and a shorter reproduction cycle.
¿Es lógic@? Análisis y evaluación de argumentos, por Huberto Marraud
Authors: Roldán Corrales Jaime
Published: October 2014

Huberto Marraud es un filósofo formado en la lógica formal clásica que publicó sus tres primeros libros a finales del siglo pasado: Sistemas deductivos tipo Gentzen (con P. Navarro, 1988), Teoría de modelos elemental (1990) e Introducción a la teoría de los sistemas deductivos (1998). A partir de 2007, experimentó un cierto giro que le condujo a la lógica informal, con la publicación de Methodus Argumentandi; una introducción a dicha disciplina que trata, entre otros,de sus temas tradicionales: esquemas argumentativos y falacias.¿Es lógic@? es una continuación de dicha obra. En ella el autor profundiza en la lógica informal como herramienta de análisis y evaluación de argumentos, elaborando un manual sucinto e imprescindible de teoría de la argumentación.
Management of Ionizing Radiation Injuries and Illnesses, Part 5: Local Radiation Injury
Authors: Iddins Carol J. , Christensen Doran M. , Parrillo Steven J. , Glassman Erik S. , Goans Ronald E.
Published: October 2014

This final article in the series on the medical management of ionizing radiation injuries and illnesses focuses on the effects of acute ionizing radiation exposure to one of the largest organ systems of the body—the skin. These injuries may extend beyond the skin into deeper tissues and cause local radiation injury. There are numerous causes of these injuries, ranging from industrial incidents to medical procedures. In the present article, the authors characterize the clinical course, pathophysiologic process, sources of injury, diagnosis, and management of local radiation injury and describe a clinical scenario. This information is important for primary care physicians, to whom patients are likely to initially present with such injuries. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2014;114(11):840-848 doi: 10.7556/jaoa.2014.170
Intermittent Left Bundle Branch Block: An Overlooked Cause of Electrocardiographic Changes That Mimic High-Grade Stenosis of the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery
Authors: Kershaw Melissa A. , Rogers Felix J.
Published: October 2014

Context: The electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern of high-grade stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) is important clinically because of the high risk of myocardial infarction and cardiac death if the pattern is not recognized. Although the recognition of this pattern is currently widespread, false-positive ECG changes that mimic this pattern are infrequently reported. Objective: To demonstrate that ECG changes from intermittent left bundle branch block (LBBB) and cardiac memory can mimic anterior ischemia. Methods: Medical record review of cardiology patients in whom ECG tracings showed intermittent LBBB and anterior T-wave changes during normal QRS conduction. Patients were included if ECG changes suggestive of high-grade LAD stenosis in leads V2 and V3 met the following criteria: (1) the QRS conduction was essentially normal during periods of absent LBBB; (2) the ST segment took off from an isoelectric point or only slightly elevated from baseline; and (3) the ST segment sloped up gradually with an abrupt and sharp down stroke leading to terminal T-wave inversion. Additional criteria were little or no ST segment elevation, no loss of precordial R waves, and ECG changes suggestive of high-grade LAD stenosis demonstrated in precordial leads V2 and V3. All patients demonstrated intermittent LBBB, and patients were excluded if a ventricular pacemaker was present. The case series began in 2003 and continued until 2011. Results: Sixteen patients (3 male) with intermittent LBBB were identified with ST- and T-wave changes during normal ventricular conduction that matched the pattern described by Hein J.J. Wellens, MD. Of these patients, none had evidence of clinically substantial coronary artery disease. Eleven patients had stress testing with myocardial perfusion imaging, and 5 patients underwent cardiac catheterization. In 1 patient whose ECG pattern showed high-grade LAD stenosis but normal coronary arteries at catheterization, a stress test was later performed, which provoked LBBB. All other patients had spontaneous, intermittent periods of LBBB and normal conduction. Conclusion: The ECG pattern of high-grade LAD stenosis has proven to be an important marker of high-risk patients with chest pain. This pattern may also be seen in patients with a right ventricular pacemaker on resumption of native QRS conduction. Intermittent LBBB is a less obvious cause of a similar ECG pattern that may mimic anterior ischemia due to high-grade stenosis. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2014;114(11):868-873 doi: 10.7556/jaoa.2014.174
Influences of relative humidity and Indian monsoon precipitation on leaf water stable isotopes from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yu Wusheng , Xu Baiqing , Lai Chun‐Ta , Ma Yaoming , Tian Lide , Qu Dongmei , Zhu Zhiyong
Published: October 2014

This project report results of the first leaf water δ18O and δD time series of the woody plant Quercus aquifolioides undertaken on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (STP). The data show that δD of leaf water underwent less enrichment than δ18O relative to precipitation and soil water, and could “inherit” the δD value characteristics of precipitation far better than δ18O. The leaf water δD values were strongly modified by evaporative enrichment in response to lower and more drastically changing relative humidity observed outside of the rainy season. In comparison, leaf water δD values more closely tracked those observed in the monsoon precipitation (acted as source water) in the rainy season. Our findings suggest that leaf water δD values from the STP were sensitive to the Indian monsoon activities, and the effects of relative humidity and the Indian monsoon precipitation should be considered for stable isotopes in tree ring cellulose or other biomarkers studies on the STP.
The effects of different sudden stratospheric warming types on the ocean
Authors: O'Callaghan Amee , Joshi Manoj , Stevens David , Mitchell Daniel
Published: October 2014

There is a confirmed link between sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) and surface weather. Here we find significant differences in the strength of surface and ocean responses for splitting and displacement SSWs, classified using a new straightforward moment analysis technique. In an intermediate general circulation model splitting SSWs possess an enhanced ability to affect the surface climate demonstrating the need to treat the two types individually. Following SSWs the North Atlantic surface wind stress curl weakens, compared to its climatological winter state, for over 30 days: this is also evident in National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis. The effect of anomalies associated with SSWs on the ocean is analysed in the Intermediate General Circulation Model 4. The splitting SSW composite displays strong anomalies in the implied Ekman heat flux and net atmosphere‐surface flux, modifying the mixed layer heat budget. Our results highlight that different SSW types need to be simulated in coupled stratospheric/tropospheric/ocean models.
Cold‐based debris‐covered glaciers: Evaluating their potential as climate archives through studies of ground‐penetrating radar and surface morphology
Authors: Mackay Sean L. , Marchant David R. , Lamp Jennifer L. , Head James W.
Published: October 2014

We describe the morphology and internal structure of Mullins and Friedman Glaciers, two cold‐based, debris‐covered alpine glaciers that occur in neighboring valleys in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Both glaciers are overlain by a single, dry supraglacial debris layer (8–75 cm thick); each mantling debris layer is marked with near‐identical patterns of arcuate ridges and steps, as well as corresponding changes in bulk grain size, meter‐scale surface topography, and thermal contraction crack polygons. Results from 24 km of ground‐penetrating radar data show that the ice within the uppermost 1–2 km of Mullins and Friedman Glaciers is essentially free of englacial debris (<1% by volume) but thereafter is interspersed with bands of englacial debris (each <3 m thick and dipping up glacier) that intersect the ice surface at all major surface ridges and steps. The similarity in number and pattern of englacial debris bands and corresponding surface ridges and steps across both glaciers, along with model results and observations that call for negligible basal entrainment, is best explained by episodic environmental change at valley headwalls. Our working hypothesis is that layers of englacial debris originate as supraglacial lags that form in ice‐accumulation areas during times of reduced net ice accumulation; following renewed net ice accumulation, these lags are subsequently buried by snow and ice, flow englacially, and intersect the ice surface to impart distinctive changes in the texture of supraglacial debris and topographic relief. The implication is that the englacial structure and surface morphology of these cold‐based, debris‐covered glaciers preserves a consistent record of climate and environmental change.
Simultaneous time‐varying actuator and sensor fault reconstruction based on PI observer for LPV systems
Authors: Li Xiaohang , Zhu Fanglai
Published: October 2014

We consider problems of actuator and sensor fault reconstruction simultaneously for linear parameter varying systems expressed in polytopic forms. By extending the sensor fault as an auxiliary state, a polytopic unknown input proportional‐integral observer in which the actuator fault signals are assumed to be time varying is developed to estimate the system states and the actuator and sensor fault at the same time. The existence conditions of the observer are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities that can be readily handled via some efficient tools. An example is given to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method in comparison to the existing results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complex de novo chromosomal rearrangement at 15q11–q13 involving an intrachromosomal triplication in a patient with a severe neuropsychological phenotype: Clinical report and review of the literature
Authors: Castronovo Chiara , Crippa Milena , Bestetti Ilaria , Rusconi Daniela , Russo Silvia , Larizza Lidia , Sangermani Roberto , Bonati Maria Teresa , Finelli Palma
Published: October 2014

Interstitial triplications of 15q11–q13, leading to tetrasomy of the involved region, are very rare, with only 11 cases reported to date. Their pathogenicity is independent of the parental origin of the rearranged chromosome. The associated phenotype resembles, but is less severe, than that of patients bearing inv dup(15) marker chromosomes. Here, we describe a boy of 3 years and 9 months of age who exhibited very mild craniofacial dysmorphism (arched eyebrows, hypertelorism, and a wide mouth), developmental delay, generalized hypotonia, ataxic gait, severe intellectual disability, and autism. Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis identified a heterozygous duplication of 1.1 Mb at 15q11.2 (between low‐copy repeats BP1 and BP2), and a heterozygous triplication of 6.8 Mb at 15q11.2–q13.1 (BP2–BP4). Both acquisitions were de novo and contiguous. Microsatellite polymorphism analysis revealed the maternal origin of the triplication and the involvement of both maternal chromosomes 15. Furthermore, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis using BAC clones revealed that the rearrangement was complex, containing three differently sized tandem repeats of which the middle one was inverted. Our study confirms and extends the model proposed to explain the formation of intrachromosomal triplications through recombination events between non‐allelic duplicons. The comparison of the proband's clinical presentation with those of previously described cases attests the existence of endophenotypes due to the parental origin of the 15q11–q13 triplicated segment and suggests a timetable for achievement of developmental milestones, thereby contributing to improved genotype–phenotype correlations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Disease‐specific growth charts for Korean infants with Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Lee Jieun , Isojima Tsuyoshi , Chang Mi Sun , Kwun Young Hee , Huh Rimm , Cho Sung Yoon , Sohn Young Bae , Jin Dong‐Kyu
Published: October 2014

Patients with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) present with short stature and obesity. The growth pattern of children with PWS is different from that of the healthy population. Therefore, it is not appropriate to use normal growth charts to evaluate the growth status of children with PWS. We aimed to develop disease‐specific growth charts for height and weight for nongrowth hormone‐treated Korean infants with PWS aged between 0 and 36 months and to use these growth charts for the evaluation and management of infants with PWS. We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of 122 infants with genetically confirmed PWS. Data on the patients’ height and weight measurements before they underwent growth hormone treatment were recorded. Disease‐specific growth charts were generated and the 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 97th centiles were calculated using the LMS (refers to λ, μ, and σ, respectively) smoothing procedure for height and weight. The disease‐specific growth charts for Korean infants with PWS can be used when examining infants with PWS and when evaluating their growth at later stages for comparison purposes. They are also useful for monitoring growth patterns, nutritional assessments, and recording responses to growth hormone treatment. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Natural history of fetal trisomy 13 after prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Barry Sinead C. , Walsh Colin A. , Burke Annette L. , McParland Peter , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. , Morrison John J.
Published: October 2014

There are currently limited data describing the natural history and outcome for fetal trisomy 13 diagnosed prenatally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fetal and neonatal outcome for pregnancies with an established prenatal diagnosis of fetal trisomy 13, and a parental decision for continuation of the pregnancy. To this end, the obstetric and neonatal outcome data for such pregnancies, diagnosed at two referral Fetal Medicine Centers, were retrospectively obtained and examined. During the study period, there were 45 cases of trisomy 13 diagnosed at both units, of which 26 (56%) continued with the pregnancy to its natural outcome. There were 12 intrauterine deaths in the cohort resulting in a rate of 46.2% of intrauterine lethality. Conversely, the live birth rate was 53.8%. For infants born alive, neonatal death on day 1 of life occurred in 78.6% of cases. The overall early neonatal mortality rate was 93%. There was one infant death at 6 weeks of age and no survival noted beyond this period. These data provide reliable information for parental counseling pertaining to risk of intrauterine death when trisomy 13 is diagnosed prenatally. These data also indicate that the survival outcome is worse than that previously accepted from studies of postnatal follow up of live born infants with this diagnosis. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vasodilating prostaglandin E1 does not reproduce interleukin‐1β‐induced oxygen metabolism abnormalities in rabbits
Authors: Matsuyama Shigenari , Hayakawa Koichi , Sakuramoto Kazuhito , Muroya Takashi , Nakamori Yasushi , Ikegawa Hitoshi , Shimazu Takeshi , Kuwagata Yasuyuki
Published: October 2014

Background

We have reported that administration of recombinant human interleukin (IL)‐1β induced circulatory shock in rabbits by causing overproduction of vasodilating prostaglandin(s) and simultaneously impaired oxygen metabolism by causing an abnormal dependence of oxygen consumption (VO2) on oxygen delivery (DO2). The present study was carried out to compare the effect of administration of exogenous PGE1 with that of IL‐1β on oxygen metabolism.

Methods

Sixteen rabbits were assigned to one of three groups and given a single injection of 10 μg/kg IL‐1β (IL‐1β group, n = 5), continuous infusion of 1 μg/kg/min PGE1 (PGE1 group, n = 6), or saline (control group, n = 5). All rabbits were subjected to stepwise cardiac tamponade to decrease DO2 by inflating a balloon placed into the pericardial sac. The VO2/DO2 relation was analyzed by the dual‐line method.

Results

Both IL‐1β and PGE1 decreased the baseline value of mean arterial pressure by approximately 25% without inducing significant alteration of the cardiac index. With respect to the VO2/DO2 relation, the slope of the supply‐independent line was significantly increased in the IL‐1β group (y = 0.13x + 6.4), but not in the PGE1 group (y = 0.01x + 10.0) compared to that in the control group (y = 0.05x + 8.7).

Conclusion

These results indicate that simple vasodilation and hypotension induced by administration of PGE1 are insufficient to account for the abnormal oxygen metabolism induced by IL‐1β.
A Catalytic Diastereoselective Formal [5+2] Cycloaddition Approach to Azepino[1,2‐a]indoles: Putative Donor–Acceptor Cyclobutanes as Reactive Intermediates
Authors: Shenje Raynold , Martin M. Cynthia , France Stefan
Published: October 2014

A catalytic formal [5+2] cycloaddition approach to the diastereoselective synthesis of azepino[1,2‐a]indoles is reported. The reaction presumably proceeds through a Lewis acid catalyzed formal [2+2] cycloaddition of an alkene with an N‐indolyl alkylidene β‐amide ester to form a donor–acceptor cyclobutane intermediate, which subsequently undergoes an intramolecular ring‐opening cyclization. Azepine products are formed in up to 92 % yield with high degrees of diastereoselectivity (up to 34:1 d.r.).
Pulsed magnetic field accelerate proliferation and migration of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Li Fei , Yuan Yuan , Guo Ying , Liu Nan , Jing Da , Wang Haichang , Guo Wenyi
Published: October 2014

Heart failure is a disease with multifactorial causes. Recently it was established that reduction in vascular density promoted the progression from adaptive cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure, therefore, therapeutic angiogenesis may be a promising method for treating heart failure. Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) play a major role in cardiac angiogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the direct and indirect effect of pulsed magnetic field (PMF) on the proliferation and migration of CMECs. CMECs were isolated from adult Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat hearts. We found PMF with a frequency of 15 Hz and an intensity of 1.8 mT accelerated the proliferation and migration of CMECs and cardiac myocytes (CMs). Moreover, CMECs treated with PMF released 1.5‐fold higher vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and 2‐fold higher fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) when compared with PMF‐free cells. In addition, CMs treated with PMF released twofold higher FGF‐2 compared with PMF‐free cells, but there was no change in VEGF levels. Those results suggested PMF has both a direct autocrine mitogenic and an indirect paracrine effect on CMECs proliferation and migration, and the effect of PMF on intercellular communication between CMECs and CMs was partially dependent on FGF‐2, but independent on VEGF. Bioelectromagnetics. 35:1–9, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two States Are Not Enough: Quantitative Evaluation of the Valence‐Bond Intramolecular Charge‐Transfer Model and Its Use in Predicting Bond Length Alternation Effects
Authors: Jarowski Peter D. , Mo Yirong
Published: October 2014

The structural weights of the canonical resonance contributors used in the Two‐state valence‐bond charge‐transfer model, neutral (N, R1) and ionic (VB‐CT, R2), to the ground states and excited states of a series of linear dipolar intramolecular charge‐transfer chromophores containing a buta‐1,3‐dien‐1,4‐diyl bridge have been computed by using the block‐localized wavefunction (BLW) method at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(d) level to provide the first quantitative assessment of this simple model. Ground‐ and excited‐state analysis reveals surprisingly low ground‐state structural weights for the VB‐CT resonance form using either this Two‐state model or an expanded Ten‐state model. The VB‐CT state is found to be more prominent in the excited state. Individual resonance forms were structurally optimized to understand the origins of the bond length alternation (BLA) of the bridging unit. Using a Wheland energy‐based weighting scheme, the weighted average of the optimized bond lengths with the Two‐state model was unable to reproduce the BLA features with values 0.04 to 0.02 Å too large compared to the fully delocalized (FD) structure (BLW: ca. −0.13 to −0.07 Å, FD: ca. −0.09 to −0.05 Å). Instead, an expanded Ten‐state model fit the BLA values of the FD structure to within only 0.001 Å of FD.
Pramipexole Derivatives as Potent and Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor Agonists with Improved Human Microsomal Stability
Authors: Chen Jianyong , Jiang Cheng , Levant Beth , Li Xiaoqin , Zhao Ting , Wen Bo , Luo Ruijuan , Sun Duxin , Wang Shaomeng
Published: October 2014

Herein we report the synthesis and evaluation of a series of new pramipexole derivatives as highly potent and selective agonists of the dopamine‐3 (D3) receptor. A number of these new compounds bind to the D3 receptor with sub‐nanomolar affinity and show excellent selectivity (>10 000) for the D3 receptor over the D1 and D2 receptors. For example, compound 23 (N‐(cis‐3‐(2‐(((S)‐2‐amino‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazol‐6‐yl)(propyl)amino)ethyl)‐3‐hydroxycyclobutyl)‐3‐(5‐methyl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazol‐3‐yl)benzamide) binds to the D3 receptor with a Ki value of 0.53 nM and shows a selectivity of >20 000 over the D2 and D1 receptors in the binding assays using a rat brain preparation. It has excellent stability in human liver microsomes. Moreover, in vitro functional assays showed it to be a full agonist for the human D3 receptor.
Facilitating clinical trials: The expanding role of the nurse
Authors: Engelking Constance
Published: October 2014

Clinical trials are becoming increasingly difficult to carry out in the face of a changing health care delivery system. The reluctance of third party payers to reimburse for experimental therapy and the growing practice of providers to limit resources allocated for the care of cancer patients undergoing such therapies seriously curtail the ability of investigators to test new cancer treatments clinically. In addition, certain beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions held by the public may interfere with patient case accrual. Nurses can help facilitate both accrual to and conduct of clinical research. This article addresses selected consumer‐ and provider‐centered factors that inhibit clinical research. The expanding role of the nurse in the areas of public education, informed consent, direct care, and collaborative research is also described.
An inner city cancer prevention clinic: Design, methods, and early results
Authors: Renneker Mark
Published: October 2014

An American Cancer Society demonstration pilot project is underway that is designed to provide comprehensive cancer prevention‐related services to the underserved community of West Oakland, California. An array of cancer prevention services are being made available through an inner‐city clinic (West Oakland Health Center), including cancer risk assessments and education about cancer, physical examinations for cancer, teaching of self‐examination procedures, smoking cessation, and nutrition counseling, appointments for Pap smears, sigmoidoscopy, mammography, and other more specialized screening procedures, case management for findings suspicious for cancer, and community education programs. Described is the process of implementing these services, their utilization, and their impact (after 6 months).
Primary prevention of cancer: The case for comprehensive school health education
Authors: Wynder Ernst L.
Published: October 2014

Comprehensive school health education plays an important role in the primary prevention of cancer because so many of the health habits relating to cancer and other diseases have their onset early in life. A comprehensive health education program should begin early in life. Such education must be multifactorial from kindergarten through high school, should involve annual health screening, must be assessed annually, and is most effective when coordinated by a full‐time health education teacher. Those concerned about the many problems of health behavior in our society should insist that such programs become mandatory in every state in this nation.
Analysis of ladder oscillators using the averaged potential
Authors: Kuramitsu Masami , Takase Fuyuto
Published: October 2014

This paper analyzes the single‐mode and nonresonant multimode oscillations in the ladder‐type oscillator, using the averaged potential method we introduced previously. In particular, physical description of the phenomenon is presented. The averaged potential represents the time‐average of the loss in the oscillator, and the stable oscillation is produced so that its value is minimized. Based on the fact that the averaged potential is of a quadratic form when the characteristics of the active element are represented by a third‐order polynomial, an algorithm is constructed to determine all minimum points of the averaged potential. Then the condition for stable single‐ or multimode oscillation is derived as the condition for the mode configuration. By this discussion, the physical significance of the stable oscillation mode is clarified, indicating the relation between the property of an active element and the behavior of the ladder oscillator. Finally, the oscillation mode of the ladder oscillator in which active elements are fully or partially included can be described from the viewpoints of the averaged potential method. Examples are shown for the latter case where triple‐ and quadruple‐modes of oscillations can be produced.
A byte erasable 5V‐only 64 kbit EEPROM
Authors: Yatsuda Yuji , Hagiwara Takaaki , Minami Shin‐Ichi , Nabetani Shinji , Uchida Ken , Yasui Tokumasa
Published: October 2014

At present, the main products of high‐performance EEPROMs which can be accommodated in recent high‐speed microcomputers are 16 K bit devices which require two supplies (VCC and VPP). In this paper, a next generation EEPROM which can provide high performance and functionality such as: (1) high density (64 K bit); (2) byte erasable; and (3) internal programming supply is described. The memory device used is a reliable n‐channel Si gate MNOS device.

To realize a high density of 64 K, the miniaturization of the MNOS device has been examined, and the scaling law is proposed. Also, to accomplish a reliable byte erasing, a timing is set up for a high‐voltage switching circuit whose current supply capability is designed to have a sufficient margin so that the rate of high‐voltage application into the memory array is determined approximately by the voltage multiplication rate of the multiplier circuit. The generation of high voltage is done by charge pumping method, and a zener diode is used for the stabilization.
Graphitic Petal Micro‐Supercapacitor Electrodes for Ultra‐High Power Density
Authors: Xiong Guoping , Meng Chuizhou , Reifenberger Ronald G. , Irazoqui Pedro P. , Fisher Timothy S.
Published: October 2014

High‐power micro‐supercapacitors based on micrometers‐thick graphitic petal electrodes have been designed and fabricated. The electrodes were prepared by using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition and patterned by optical lithography and reactive ion etching. Charge/discharge rates up to 100 000 mV s−1 (1000 times faster than conventional supercapacitors) have been achieved in 1 M H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. After electrochemical oxidization treatment in 1 M H2SO4 solution at room temperature, a volumetric capacitance of 270 F cm−3 (with an area‐normalized capacitance of 108 mF cm−2) was observed at a scan rate of 20 mV s−1 while maintaining high charge/discharge rates. The electrochemically treated microdevices exhibit energy densities in the range of 0.8 to 10 mWh cm−3, power densities in the range of 0.6 to 235 W cm−3, a theoretical maximum power density of 292 W cm−3 at a current of 100 μA, and good cycling stability.
Design of beam forming network for time‐modulated linear array with artificial bees colony algorithm
Authors: Ruchi Ruchi , Nandi Arnab , Basu Banani
Published: October 2014

A novel technique of beam shaping and beam steering at the central frequency using uniformly excited time‐modulated linear array is proposed. Unlike conventional time‐switched antenna array, the technique utilises a common complex time exponential signal with unit amplitude at the switching frequency, while each element is controlled by radio frequency switches with unique switching intervals that results on a relative amplitude weight and phase difference between the elements at the central frequency without phase shifters. Artificial bees colony based approach is applied to approximate the switching intervals that produce the desired pattern at the fundamental frequency and suppress the sideband radiation losses. The paper presents an analytical evaluation of the power radiated by the array at the central frequency and power wasted at the sidebands and thereby calculates the dynamic efficiency of the proposed array considering a mutual coupling effect. Representative examples are shown and simulated using commercial electromagnetic simulation software to justify the applicability of the derived expression. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Etiologic, environmental and inherited risk factors in sarcomas
Authors: Thomas David M. , Ballinger Mandy L.
Published: October 2014

Sarcomas are a rare group of mesenchymal tumors affecting a younger population. The etiology remains unknown in most cases. Environmental factors that increase sarcoma risk include radiation exposure and chemical carcinogens. Several familial cancer syndromes confer sarcoma predisposition, such as the Li‐Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS). In this increasingly genomic focussed era of medicine, it will be clinically important to understand the genetic basis of sarcoma risk. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:490–495. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surgical management of soft tissue sarcomas: Extremity sarcomas
Authors: Chao Albert H. , Mayerson Joel L. , Chandawarkar Rajiv , Scharschmidt Thomas J.
Published: October 2014

Wide surgical resection is the recommended treatment for extremity soft tissue sarcomas. Chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy may improve local control, but with marginal effect on overall survival. Advanced reconstructive techniques and multidisciplinary care, including plastic surgery, may allow a higher rate of limb salvage. This report focuses on surgical and reconstructive aspects in the multimodality care of extremity sarcomas. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:540–545. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computational continua revisited
Authors: Fish Jacob , Filonova Vasilina , Fafalis Dimitrios
Published: October 2014

In the recent paper, Fish and Kuznetsov introduced the so‐called computational continua (C2) approach, which is a variant of the higher order computational homogenization that does not require higher order continuity, introduces no new degrees of freedom, and is free of higher order boundary conditions. In a follow‐up paper on reduced order computational continua, the C2 formulation has been enhanced with a model reduction scheme based on construction of residual‐free fields to yield a computationally efficient framework coined as RC2. The original C2 formulations were limited to rectangular and box elements. The primary objectives of the present manuscript is to revisit the original formulation in three respects: (i) consistent formulation of boundary conditions for unit cells subjected to higher order coarse scale fields, (ii) effective solution of the unit cell problem for lower order approximation of eigenstrains, and (iii) development of nonlocal quadrature schemes for general two‐dimensional (quad and triangle) and three‐dimensional (hexahedral and tetrahedral) elements. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An embedded mesh method using piecewise constant multipliers with stabilization: mathematical and numerical aspects
Authors: Puso M. A. , Kokko E. , Settgast R. , Sanders J. , Simpkins B. , Liu B.
Published: October 2014

An embedded mesh method using piecewise constant multipliers originally proposed by Puso et al. (CMAME, 2012) is analyzed here to determine effects of the pressure stabilization term and small cut cells. The approach is implemented for transient dynamics using the central difference scheme for the time discretization. It is shown that the resulting equations of motion are a stable linear system with a condition number independent of mesh size. Next, it is shown that the constraints and the stabilization terms can be recast as non‐proportional damping such that the time integration of the scheme is provably stable with a critical time step computed from the undamped equations of motion. Effects of small cuts are discussed throughout the presentation. A mesh study is conducted to evaluate the effects of the stabilization on the discretization error and conditioning and is used to recommend an optimal value for stabilization scaling parameter. Several nonlinear problems are also analyzed and compared with comparable conforming mesh results. Finally, several demanding problems highlighting the robustness of the proposed approach are shown. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social Inequalities Through the Lens of Social Protection: Notes on the Transnational Social Question
Authors: Faist Thomas , Bilecen Başak
Published: October 2014

This concluding article to our special issue places the linkage of social protection and social inequalities in a broader context, namely the transnational social question in Europe and its periphery. The transnational social question pertains to the perception of social inequalities as illegitimate and to their politicisation. In so doing, this article also draws preliminary conclusions, based upon the main findings of the contributions in this special issue, with respect to the social protection strategies utilised by migrants and their significant others, both within and across borders. Transnationality as a marker of heterogeneity is of strategic significance for our understanding of the transnational social question, because it reveals the linkages across the fragmented worlds of social protection. In particular, it provides a window into the social mechanisms that underline social protection across borders and how these mitigate old and generate new social inequalities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.