bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial-temporal changes in river runoff and terrestrial ecosystem water retention under 1.5 °C and 2 °C warming scenarios across China
Authors: Zhai Ran , Tao Fulu , Xu Zhihui
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The Paris Agreement set a long-term temperature goal of holding the global average temperature increase to below 2.0 ℃ above pre-industrial levels, and pursuing efforts to limit this to 1.5 ℃, it is therefore important to understand the impacts of climate change under 1.5 ℃ and 2.0 ℃ warming scenarios for climate adaptation and mitigation. Here, climate scenarios by four Global Circulation Models (GCMs) for the baseline (2006–2015), 1.5 ℃ and 2.0 ℃ warming scenarios (2106–2115) were used to drive the validated Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model to investigate the impacts of global warming on river runoff and Terrestrial Ecosystem Water Retention (TEWR) in China. The trends in annual mean temperature, precipitation, river runoff and TEWR were analysed at the grid and basin scale. Results showed that there were large uncertainties in climate scenarios from the different GCMs, which led to large uncertainties in the impact assessment. The differences among the four GCMs were larger than differences between the two warming scenarios. The interannual variability of river runoff increased notably in areas where it was projected to increase, and the interannual variability increased notably from 1.5 ℃ warming scenario to 2.0 ℃ warming scenario. By contrast, TEWR would remain relatively stable. Both extreme low and high river runoff would increase under the two warming scenarios in most areas in China, with high river runoff increasing more. And the risk of extreme river runoff events would be higher under 2.0 ℃ warming scenario than under 1.5 ℃ warming scenario in term of both extent and intensity. River runoff was significantly positively correlated to precipitation, while increase in maximum temperature would generally cause river runoff to decrease through increasing evapotranspiration. Likewise, precipitation also played a dominant role in affecting TEWR. Our findings highlight climate change mitigation and adaptation should be taken to reduce the risks of hydrological extreme events.
Analysis and modelling of a 9.3 kyr palaeoflood record: correlations, clustering, and cycles
Authors: Witt Annette , Malamud Bruce D. , Mangili Clara , Brauer Achim
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In this paper, we present a unique 9.5 m palaeo-lacustrine record of 771 palaeofloods which occurred over a period of 9.3 kyr in the Piànico–Sèllere Basin (southern Alps) during an interglacial period in the Pleistocene (sometime from 780 to 393 ka) and analyse its correlation, clustering, and cyclicity properties. We first examine correlations, by applying power-spectral analysis and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) to a time series of the number of floods per decade, and find weak long-range persistence: a power-spectral exponent βPS  ≈  0.39 and an equivalent power-spectral exponent from DFA, βDFA ≈  0.25. We then examine clustering using the one-point probability distribution of the inter-flood intervals and find that the palaeofloods cluster in time as they are Weibull distributed with a shape parameter kW =  0.78. We then examine cyclicity in the time series of number of palaeofloods per year, and find a period of about 2030 years. Using these characterizations of the correlation, clustering, and cyclicity in the original palaeoflood time series, we create a model consisting of the superposition of a fractional Gaussian noise (FGN) with a 2030-year periodic component and then peaks over threshold (POT) applied. We use this POTFGN + Period model to create 2 600 000 synthetic realizations of the same length as our original palaeoflood time series, but with varying intensity of periodicity and persistence, and find optimized model parameters that are congruent with our original palaeoflood series. We create long realizations of our optimized palaeoflood model, and find a high temporal variability of the flood frequency, which can take values of between 0 and > 30 floods century−1. Finally, we show the practical utility of our optimized model realizations to calculate the uncertainty of the forecasted number of floods per century with the number of floods in the preceding century. A key finding of our paper is that neither fractional noise behaviour nor cyclicity is sufficient to model frequency fluctuations of our large and continuous palaeoflood record, but rather a model based on both fractional noise superimposed with a long-range periodicity is necessary.
Hydrological impacts of global land cover change and human water use
Authors: Bosmans Joyce H. C. , van Beek Ludovicus P. H. , Sutanudjaja Edwin H. , Bierkens Marc F. P.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Human impacts on global terrestrial hydrology have been accelerating during the 20th century. These human impacts include the effects of reservoir building and human water use, as well as land cover change. To date, many global studies have focussed on human water use, but only a few focus on or include the impact of land cover change. Here we use PCR-GLOBWB, a combined global hydrological and water resources model, to assess the impacts of land cover change as well as human water use globally in different climatic zones. Our results show that land cover change has a strong effect on the global hydrological cycle, on the same order of magnitude as the effect of human water use (applying irrigation, abstracting water, for industrial use for example, including reservoirs, etc.). When globally averaged, changing the land cover from that of 1850 to that of 2000 increases discharge through reduced evapotranspiration. The effect of land cover change shows large spatial variability in magnitude and sign of change depending on, for example, the specific land cover change and climate zone. Overall, land cover effects on evapotranspiration are largest for the transition of tall natural vegetation to crops in energy-limited equatorial and warm temperate regions. In contrast, the inclusion of irrigation, water abstraction and reservoirs reduces global discharge through enhanced evaporation over irrigated areas and reservoirs as well as through water consumption. Hence, in some areas land cover change and water distribution both reduce discharge, while in other areas the effects may partly cancel out. The relative importance of both types of impacts varies spatially across climatic zones. From this study we conclude that land cover change needs to be considered when studying anthropogenic impacts on water resources.
Brief Communication: A nonlinear self-similar solution to barotropic flow over varying topography
Authors: Ibanez Ruy , Kuehl Joseph , Shrestha Kalyan , Anderson William
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Beginning from the Shallow Water Equations (SWE), a nonlinear self-similar analytic solution is derived for barotropic flow over varying topography. We study conditions relevant to the ocean slope where the flow is dominated by Earth's rotation and topography. The solution is found to extend the topographic β-plume solution of Kuehl (2014) in two ways: 1) The solution is valid for intensifying jets. 2) The influence of nonlinear advection is included. The SWE are scaled to the case of a topographically controlled jet, then solved by introducing a similarity variable, η = cxnxyny. The nonlinear solution, valid for topographies h = h0 − αxy3, takes the form of the Lambert W Function for pseudo velocity. The linear solution, valid for topographies h = h0 − αxy−γ, takes the form of the Error Function for transport. Kuehl's results considered the case −1 ≤ γ
Meanders and eddy formation by a buoyant coastal current flowing over a sloping topography
Authors: Cimoli Laura , Stegner Alexandre , Roullet Guillaume
Published: November 2017

Abstract. This study investigates the linear and non-linear instability of a buoyant coastal current flowing along a sloping topography. In fact, the bathymetry strongly impacts the formation of meanders or eddies and leads to different dynamical regimes that can both enhance or prevent the cross-shore transport. We use the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) to run simulations in an idealized channel configuration, using a fixed coastal current structure and testing its unstable evolution for various depths and topographic slopes. The experiments are integrated beyond the linear stage of the instability, since our focus is on the non-linear end state, namely the formation of coastal eddies or meanders, to classify the dynamical regimes. We find three non-linear end states, whose properties cannot be deduced solely from the linear instability analysis. They correspond to a quasi-stable coastal current, the propagation of coastal meanders, and the formation of coherent eddies. We show that the topographic parameter Tp, defined as the ratio of the topographic Rossby wave speed over the current speed, plays a key role in controlling the amplitude of the unstable cross-shore perturbations. This result emphasizes the limitations of linear stability analysis to predict the formation of coastal eddies, because it does not account for the non-linear saturation of the cross-shore perturbations, which is predominant for large negative Tp values. We show that a second dimensionless parameter, the vertical aspect ratio γ, controls the transition from meanders to coherent eddies. We suggest the use of the parameter space (Tp, γ) to describe the emergence of coastal eddies or meanders from an unstable buoyant current. By knowing the values of Tp and γ for an observed flow, which can be calculated from hydrological sections, we can identify which non-linear end state characterizes that flow – namely if it is quasi-stable, meanders, or forms eddies.
Fernando Osorio do Campo: historia de una investigación
Authors: Biscainho-Fernandes Carlos-Caetano
Published: November 2017

La figura de uno de los hombres más destacados del movimiento teatral de las Irmandades da Fala, Fernando Osorio do Campo, seguía siendo un misterio para la historiografía teatral gallega. Las noticias relativas a la creación del Conservatorio Nacional de Arte Galega informaban de su origen coruñés y de la formación dramática recibida en Lisboa, pero era muy poco lo que sabíamos de ese periodo anterior al año 1919. Por otra parte, las sombras ocultaban de nuevo el recorrido vital de Osorio desde 1924 –año en que publica la obra teatral Desourentación– y no conocíamos nada de su paso por el mundo salvo la nota biográfica publicada en 1971 por Marino Dónega bajo el título “Un home, unha aventura, un tempo”, un artículo en que el que sería secretario de la RAG recogía momentos sorprendentes de una intensa vida por tres continentes e informaba de textos dramáticos de su autoría que hoy todavía siguen inéditos. En el presente trabajo se relata el proceso de investigación realizado desde 2008 por media docena de países sobre la vida y la obra teatral de Fernando Osorio, así como del propio sentido de dar hoy forma a una biografía, de las técnicas de investigación puestas en práctica para conseguir el objetivo de construir un relato documentado de la vida de Osorio y editar y difundir los textos teatrales felizmente localizados.
Nacionalismo, "saudade", mito e historia en Fernando Pessoa e Luís Seoane
Authors: Fernández Martínez Antía
Published: November 2017

En dúas vidas literarias tan aparentemente distantes entre si como poden ser as de Fernando Pessoa (Lisboa, 1888-1935) e Luís Seoane (Bos Aires, 1910 - A Coruña, 1979), conflúen, no entanto, a visión crítica sobre a historia nacional (tanto portuguesa como galega) e o proceso de desmitificación da saudade. O propósito do presente artigo é a análise de como estes elementos (historia, mito, saudade) se relacionan entre si na obra de ambos os dous autores e, á súa vez, dialogan cos nacionalismos do seu tempo e coa historia dos seus países.
Figuras femeninas en la obra de Álvaro Cunqueiro. Entre el deseo y la negación
Authors: Noia Campos Camiño
Published: November 2017

En este artículo se analiza el papel de la mujer en la obra del escritor gallego Álvaro Cunqueiro, desde la poesía a la narrativa, partiendo de la hipótesis de que el autor gallego refleja en sus textos vivencias personales. Las conclusiones más importantes sobre las figuras femeninas se podrían resumir en lo siguiente: las mujeres están escasamente diseñadas; actúan siempre en función del protagonista como novias, esposas, amantes o, simplemente, haciéndole algún servicio. En cualquiera de esos papeles, el hombre no ven a la mujer como una igual, ni como una compañera erótica; su modelo es el de una figura femenina con cualidades de madre.
El fragmento gallego-portugués del "Livro de Tristam". Nueva proposta cronológica y diatópica
Authors: Pichel Ricardo , Varela Barreiro Xavier
Published: November 2017

En la tradición de estudio del Livro de Tristam, se acepta comúnmente como cronología para el fragmento gallego-portugués la segunda mitad o las últimas décadas del siglo XIV. En sus coordenadas geográficas no se fue más allá de situar la copia del manuscrito en territorio gallego (por oposición al portugués). Centrando la atención en estos dos ejes, los autores presentan en este artículo una nueva propuesta cronológica y geográfica respaldada por indicios de naturaleza lingüística, paleográfica y grafemática. Con estas nuevas precisiones cronológicas adelantan la copia a la primera mitad del siglo XIV y apuntan al último tercio del siglo XIII como la época en la que se realizó la traducción, del francés al gallego-portugués, de su antecedente (muy probablemente en la corte portuguesa). Las precisiones geográficas realizadas restringen el área geográfica del copista a la tierra gallega meridional de Toroño, en la diócesis de Tui.
Les psychopathologies dans "Les Aventures de Tintin"
Authors: Bidaud Samuel
Published: November 2017

Nous étudions dans cet article les psychopathologies dans les Aventures de Tintin. Nous repartons des conclusions du psychanalyste Serge Tisseron, qui a révélé qu’Hergé avait inconsciemment représenté dans Tintin un secret de famille, celui de l’origine noble, et peut-être royale, de son père et de son oncle, qui pourraient avoir été des enfants illégitimes du roi de Belgique Léopold II. Nous montrons que les psychopathologies présentes dans les Aventures de Tintin, dans cette perspective, renvoient également au problème de l’identité défaillante et de l’origine royale. Nous nous intéressons à quatre psychopathologies : le dédoublement de la personnalité, la folie, l’amnésie, et la cleptomanie.
Sade y su idea sobre las novelas: estrategias argumentativas de un polemista discreto
Authors: Pivetta Carola Inés
Published: November 2017

En Idée sur les romans, Sade esboza una original teoría sobre el género en cuestión. Nos proponemos detectar los consensos y disensos con otras reflexiones francesas previas sobre esa forma narrativa (en particular las de Diderot y Marmontel), a fin de establecer los puntos de vista novedosos planteados en el ensayo. Para rebatir las teorías que afirman la utilidad moral de la novela, el punto clave en la ofensiva sadiana es el ataque a la idea de naturaleza y de verosimilitud subyacente a ellas. Dado que las discrepancias con esas concepciones hegemónicas durante el siglo XVIII se expresan de modos velados e indirectos, el esclarecimiento de la posición de Sade a propósito de la función de la novela y la relación de los sucesos narrados en ella con la historia y con lo “natural” requiere a su vez el estudio de las estrategias argumentativas utilizadas por este discreto polemista.
Victor Hugo y las lecturas de "Les Misérables" desde Lamartine hasta Vargas Llosa
Authors: Rodríguez Herrera Clara
Published: November 2017

Tras su publicación en 1862, Les Misérables de Victor Hugo generó una serie de reacciones negativas de parte de los escritores y críticos de su tiempo. El presente artículo contrasta estas visiones con la contemporánea de Mario Vargas Llosa en La tentación de lo imposible: Victor Hugo y Los Miserables, para analizar las diferentes lecturas de la obra y las cuestiones que las mismas plantean.
« Écrire, [...] c’est se taire » : du silence durassien
Authors: Ledwina Anna
Published: November 2017

La pratique scripturale de Marguerite Duras, marquée par l’obsession de l’innommable, démontre comment l’auteure se servant du silence, lié à la condition féminine, justifie ses fantasmes, en s’opposant en même temps à la tradition dominante. Suivant la dialectique durassienne, le silence, se manifestant sous les aspects divers, se révèle être un besoin intime, une nécessité singulière pour exprimer des émotions ineffables. Cette notion met en relief l’évolution de l’écriture itinéraire de raréfaction véhiculant un thème universel du désir qui s’associe à la faillite du langage logique et rationnel. Le silence, chargé de signification, apparaît comme une manière inédite de communiquer l’absence, la perte, le vide, entendus au sens large du terme. Grâce au silence, hautement innovant, source de possibilités créatrices, la romancière semble atteindre l’indicible, essentiel afin de présenter sa vision du monde.
Hvilke moralske utfordringer opplever norske politistudenter i praksisåret?
Authors: Paulsen Jens Erik , Enoksen Lisa Maria
Published: November 2017

I denne studien undersøkes hvilke moralske utfordringer norske politistudenter oftest møter i «praksisåret». Utfordringene identifiseres gjennom en analyse av 208 hjemmeeksamener i yrkesetikk fra avgangsstudentene ved Politihøgskolen i Oslo, hvor utfordringene beskrives gjennom kombinasjoner av hvilke verdier som står sentralt, hvilke personer som er involvert og hvilke typer oppdragene oppstår i. Funnene eksemplifiseres og settes i forhold til sentrale politivitenskapelige diskusjoner. Til slutt diskuteres hvordan studentene best kan forberedes på disse utfordringene. Nøkkelord: etikk, yrkesetikk, anvendt etikk, politi, utdanning English summary: What moral challenges are Norwegian police students encountering during their practice period?    This article examines what moral challenges Norwegian police students encounter during their practice period. The challenges are identified through an analysis of the experiences described in the professional ethics home exams of 208 graduates at the Norwegian Police University College in Oslo. From our analysis, paradigmatic challenges are constructed based on the combinations of values, persons and mission types typically highlighted in the exams. These challenges are then discussed in light of central topics in police science. Finally, we discuss briefly how police students can be best prepared for meeting these moral challenges.
Toward Effect of Digital Advertisement on Mobile Users in Middle East
Authors: Salamah Ismail , Ma Heng
Published: November 2017

Nowadays smart-phones are the part of daily life for around the worlds but when user is using the smart-phone service over internet to collect the information or to use other services, there are lots of advertisement pops up on the screen that effect the users in many ways. The purpose of this study was to find out the effectiveness of the mobile advertisement on the consumer behavior in Middle East and reaction over advertisement, that how different people would act or what would be their response upon receiving the mobile advertisement. However, the use of smart phone advertisements in Middle East has not reached the expectations due to several factors. To complete the task, data was collected through questionnaire and this questionnaire was distributed among 300 people that means the sample size was 300. To interpret and analyze the data, Correlation and regression analysis were used where the results showed that the consumers generally have negative attitude toward the mobile advertisement unless the advertisers had specifically taken the consent of the consumer. The relation is both positive and negative and could vary according to the conditions.
Productivity, Competitiveness, and Territories of the Italian Medium-Sized Companies
Authors: Coltorti Fulvio , Venanzi Daniela
Published: November 2017

The medium-sized firms (MEs) are the cutting-edge of the Italian manufacturing sector. They have a crucial role in influencing the behavior of the local systems whose they are part (2/3 of the total firms are located in industrial districts). This study investigates the drivers of Italian MEs’ productivity, a fundamental aspect for assessing their ability to compete successfully. The classical approach (i.e. TFP) in measuring productivity is inapplicable to MEs, whose business model is characterized by: i) specialized production at the leading technological edge; ii) organization based on vertical and horizontal supply chains, where the major players are small companies, specialized on single production phase; iii) marketing strategy focused on market niches, which are created/dominated thanks to product differentiation and continuous innovation and where MEs impose premium prices. The empirical evidence shows that: i) the RTS are not constant, but decreasing and size and productivity are inversely related; ii) the quality of the workforce is the major driver of productivity: companies that employ a low-salary workforce are less productive than those that use more skilled and costlier workers; iii) territories matter: knowledge-intensive service firms as well as infrastructures and managerial skills have a positive impact on productivity.
Echa polsko-litewskich rokowań w Królewcu w 1928 roku
w litewskiej i polskiej prasie i dyplomacji
Authors: Kozłowska Joanna
Published: November 2017

In December 1927, at the Polish-Lithuanian meeting in Geneva the state
of war between the two countries was lifted. As a consequence of this meeting,
both sides decided to take the necessary measures to establish bilateral relations
in the future. The Polish government counted on constructive dialogue, which
allowed to sign the agreement on launching the railway transport, postal and
telegraph service, transit and local border traffic. The Lithuanian side did not
recognize the need to establish the direct relations, and the note of losing Vilnius
by Lithuania in 1920 was heard in the comments of Lithuanian diplomats. The
Polish-Lithuanian negotiations started on 30 March 1928 in Konigsberg. Their
pace aroused keen interest among the diplomatic missions and was extensively
commented in the Polish and Lithuanian press. The Polish side greeted the beginning
of the negotiations with great hope, counting on normalizing the mutual
relations. However, with time it became obvious for the Polish delegation that
reaching the agreement suggested by Poland would be impossible because of
the unrelenting stance of Lithuanians. Signing an agreement on the local border
traffic was the only result of the negotiations.
Dekadencka Madonna, Biała Diablica, Lorelei...
Zinaida Gippius w egodokumentach współczesnych
Authors: Krycka-Michnowska Iwona
Published: November 2017

The paper is devoted to Zinaida Gippius’s literary portraits left on the pages
of ego-documents, especially memoirs. She was one of the most significant figures
of the Russian Silver Age. At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the
20th centuries, the writer created her own legend and image based on internal
conflict, which in turn influenced the diversity of her portraits in memoirs.
Their analysis leads to the conclusion that these portraits fit into the stereotyped,
ambivalent perception of a woman, and majority of the authors reveal the
tendency to mythologize and dehumanize her heroine: on the one hand her
divinization, and on the other – reification. It also proves that the memoirist had
perpetuated and widened the legend about her.
A expansão do agronegócio no Brasil: as velhas práticas versus as novas práticas nas temporalidades geográficas
Authors: Lopes Alberto Pereira
Published: November 2017

É resultado de reflexões nos fóruns geográficos, nas nossas pesquisas de campo em relação à expansão de uma agricultura pautada no agronegócio brasileiro, que tem expropriado camponeses de suas pequenas propriedades, gerando conflitos e despejo. O objetivo é explanar sobre a estrutura fundiária no Brasil constituída pela desigualdade social e econômica, gerada pela concentração de terra e pela exploração advinda, nos dias atuais, do agronegócio, um modelo de desenvolvimento agroexportador de grande escala de produtividade. A metodologia baseia-se em autores que discutem essa temática conforme referências apontadas, além de trabalho de campo na região norte do estado do Tocantins, onde a expansão da monocultura da soja tem sido bastante propulsora. Este aspecto demonstra que o Estado não contribuiu para uma perspectiva renovadora no que diz respeito à reforma da estrutura fundiária. Pelo contrário, o Estado se configura como instrumento decisivo de coordenação e ação de todas as formas econômicas, contribuindo para a solidificação da classe dominante.
Mudanças nas migrações contemporâneas para a Amazônia: indicativos a partir do caso de gaúchos para Roraima
Authors: Staevie Pedro Marcelo
Published: November 2017

A partir da pesquisa realizada com migrantes gaúchos radicados em Roraima (Boa Vista) que aportaram naquele estado entre 2000 e 2012, abordamos algumas características deste movimento no sentido de entender a continuidade deste fluxo migratório, mesmo com o fim dos “chamarizes” de períodos anteriores. Por meio de relatos orais dos imigrantes, podemos visualizar alguns elementos que acreditamos serem novos no cenário das migrações para a Amazônia brasileira nestes primeiros anos do século XXI.
Imaginários da Portugalidade: Análise de Discursos de Imigrantes Portugueses em Belém do Pará - Brasil
Authors: Baptista Maria Manuel
Published: November 2017

O presente estudo centra-se nas identidades e imaginários de imigrantes portugueses na cidade de Belém do Pará. Considerada como ‘a mais portuguesa das cidades brasileiras’, Belém foi recebendo, desde os finais do século XIX e durante todo o século XX importantes fluxos migratórios, entre os quais se destacam os portugueses (além de sírio-libaneses, japoneses, judeus, espanhóis, italianos, entre outros). Utilizando um paradigma teórico, que parte dos Estudos Culturais, a presente abordagem utiliza uma análise qualitativa que intitulámos como hermenêutica mítica dos imaginários culturais. Na segunda parte do estudo elaboramos a noção de imaginário cultural com que pretendemos analisar os discursos dos nossos sujeitos, sobre os quais incidiu a nossa investigação de campo: cinco famílias alargadas de portugueses imigrantes em Belém do Pará (quer de primeira quer de segundas e terceiras gerações) e as respetivas representações de Portugal e da portugalidade compreendidas a partir das suas histórias de vida (recolhidas em entrevistas coletivas aprofundadas), atravessadas pelos seus imaginários e identidades migrantes.
A violência na prática de crimes no ciberespaço
Authors: Brasil Beatriz Silveira , Ramos Édson Marcos Leal Soares , Almeida Silvia Dos Santos , Brasil Marcos Miléo
Published: November 2017

Visa identificar a exteriorização da violência na prática de crimes na sociedade digital, onde há a redefinição ou extinção de fronteiras e supervalorização da informação, que agora possui alcance global e instantâneo. A metodologia adotada foi pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Discutiu-se se os cibercrimes apresentam algum teor de violência e quais as suas formas de exteriorização. Observou-se que a cibercriminalidade também se adaptou a essa nova realidade social, consolidando a violência psicológica, moral e patrimonial, cujas práticas delitivas possibilitam maiores resultados danosos com menores riscos. Dessa forma, urge que os órgãos de justiça criminal busquem conhecer esses novos enfoques de atuação delitiva e se qualifiquem para o respectivo enfrentamento, especialmente com atuação cooperativa entre si e com a sociedade.
A Cooperação Internacional para o Desenvolvimento da Amazônia: a experiência do Programa ARPA
Authors: Cardoso de Castro Brenda Thainá , Da Silva Alberto Teixeira
Published: November 2017

A Cooperação Internacional para o Desenvolvimento pressupõe uma relação entre os atores baseada no binômio doador recebedor. O presente artigo condensa as principais observações na modificação da relação doador-recebedor nos projetos de cooperação internacional, avaliando a aplicação de conceitos que defendem maior autonomia e participação de atores locais, em detrimento da anterior predominância das diretrizes de atores internacionais. O trabalho está, assim, dividido na apresentação dos conceitos centrais, a visão teórica sobre centro e periferia, as contribuições críticas à Cooperação Internacional e a premissa construtivista da relação agente-estrutura. Na continuação, apresenta-se o Programa ARPA e analisa-se o mesmo a partir dos conceitos previamente ilustrados por meio de documentos oficiais e entrevistas, concluindo-se que a Cooperação Internacional para o Desenvolvimento tem sofrido modificações e a co-constituição entre agente e estrutura tem tido um papel crucial nestas transformações.
Demografia e mobilidade Yanomami: Avaliando mudanças socioambientais
Authors: Nilsson Maurice Seiji Tomioka , Fearnside Philip Martin
Published: November 2017

A mortalidade resultante de invasões da Terra Indígena Yanomami (TIY) por garimpeiros, cujo evento mais conhecido foi o massacre de Haximu em 1993, deixou uma marca clara na estrutura demográfica da população indígena. A dinâmica populacional Yanomami dos últimos vinte anos, no tempo e no espaço, está também correlacionada com o estabelecimento de missões religiosas e de postos de saúde. A demografia das comunidades e grupos populacionais Yanomami foi avaliada em quatro épocas com intervalos de sete anos entre eles (para os biênios 1987-1988, 1994-1995, 2001-2002 e 2008-2009) e os dados foram espacializados em um sistema de informações geográficas (SIG), obtendo uma regionalização da TIY baseados em dados altitudinais (serra e terras baixas), bacia hidrográfica, e em dados linguísticos e interculturais. O estudo demonstrou o crescimento da população yanomami em todas as regiões da TIY, dobrando em vinte anos. O crescimento foi menor no primeiro intervalo e estabilizou nos outros dois. O primeiro intervalo se correlaciona com a influência garimpeira sobre a Terra Indígena Yanomami. O estudo demonstrou uma distribuição da população em duas configurações distintas: um pequeno número de comunidades sedentárias populosas (mais de 10% da população em apenas quatro entre 265 comunidades) e uma maioria de comunidades menores, com mobilidade. Foi regionalizada essa configuração em quatro setores: 1) Serra Parima, uma região com população concentrada, com mobilidade; 2) Colinas de Roraima, uma região sob pressão das frentes pioneiras, fazendas, assentamentos e garimpos, 3) Terras baixas do Demini, uma região que foi afetada no passado pela construção da Rodovia Perimetral Norte, e 4) Terras baixas do estado do Amazonas, uma região de contato mais antigo e que possui as comunidades mais sedentárias. A assistência à saúde, por meio do estabelecimento de postos, garantiu o crescimento da população Yanomami, mas esta manteve sua mobilidade residencial, especialmente na serra. O estabelecimento de missões religiosas contribuiu para a formação de algumas grandes comunidades sedentárias em áreas de terras baixas, mas não impediu a mobilidade sem mudança de residência. A mortalidade devido à invasão da área por garimpeiros entre 1986 e 1999 explica distribuições etárias anômalas nos locais mais afetados.
Livro: LOUREIRO, Violeta. Amazônia: estado, homem, natureza. 3 ed. Belém: Cultural Brasil, 2014. 383p.
Authors: Brito Valber Oliveira de , Silva Thabata De Farias
Published: November 2017

O livro com o título Amazônia: estado, homem, natureza trata sobre desvendar processos políticos e sociais que foram sendo desenvolvidos na região amazônica nas últimas décadas, tendo como foco principal as relações entre o estado, populações da região e a natureza. É destacada a importância de se analisar o Estado do Pará, principalmente por se tratar de um Estado com grandes impactos dentro do processo de ocupação e desenvolvimento da Amazônia.  O livro trata de um período longo que vai de 1950 a 2010, onde são expostos as formas de vida da população, suas esperanças e extrema pobreza diante das mudanças provocadas pela modernização.  A autora mostra a Amazônia, não somente como uma pesquisadora, cientista social, observando os fatos, mas também como uma amazônida.
On Cosmotechnics
Authors: Hui Yuk ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2017

This article aims to bring forward a critical reflection on a renewed relation between nature and technology in the Anthropocene, by contextualizing the question around the recent debates on the “ontological turn” in Anthropology, which attempts to go beyond the nature and culture dualism analysed as the crisis of modernity. The “politics of ontologies” associated with this movement in anthropology opens up the question of participation of non-humans. This article contrasts this anthropological attempt with the work of the philosopher Gilbert Simondon, who wants to overcome the antagonism between culture and technics. According to Simondon, this antagonism results from the technological rupture of modernity at the end of the eighteenth century. This paper analyses the differences of the oppositions presenting their work: culture vs. nature, culture vs. technics, to show that a dialogue between anthropology of nature (illustrated through the work of Philippe Descola) and philosophy of technology (illustrated through the work of Simondon) will be fruitful to conceptualize a renewed relation between nature and technology. One way to initiate such a conversation as well as to think about the reconciliation between nature and technology, this article tries to show, is to develop the concept of cosmotechnics as the denominator of these two trends of thinking.
Zapleti kranioplastike po dekompresivni kraniektomiji
Authors: Glišović Maša , Matos Boštjan
Published: November 2017

Cranioplasty is a surgical repair of a defect or deformity of a skull with the use of autologous bone or synthetic materials.[4] It usually follows decompressive craniectomy, which is a commonly practiced neurosurgical intervention in patients with raised intracranial pressure unresponsive to other forms of treatment.[1] There are many conditions that may lead to intracranial hypertension, and the goal is to avoid brain necrosis caused by compartment pressure syndrome.[2] Consequently, the extensive use of decompressive craniectomy directly results in more cranioplasties, which sometimes present with unwanted complications.[5] Generally, the occurence of cranioplasty complications is between 16% and 34%.[3] Because of the many indications for craniectomy based on clinical data that speak in its favour, if will probably remain a relatively common neurosurgical intervention also in the future. The frequency of decompressive craniectomy and consequently of cranioplasty requires awareness of the many potential postoperative complications and understanding of its evolution. This article is a review of pathophysiological mechanisms after decompressive craniectomy and cranioplasty, of its complications and factors that potentially contribute to their occurence.
ADAPTATION OF DASH OUTCOME MEASURES TO SLOVENIAN POPULATION - FUNCTIONALITY OF ARM, SHOULDER AND HAND
Authors: Semprimožnik Katja , Novak Ernest
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT BackgroundIn Slovenia, there is no test for upper limb function, which would be uniform for all institutions and would allow comparison of results of the therapy and upper limb rehabilitation with medical centers. MethodsAfter reviewing the existing hand function tests and current literature we decided to translate the DASH test - Disabilities of arm, shoulder and hand. Adaptation was tested on patient population in outpatient hand clinic, General hospital Celje and showed good validity, reliability and responsiveness. Results and discussionAdaptation of DASH test to Slovene population is a procedure, where language and cultural differences must be considered. Testing the adapted DASH in the general population shows good validity, reliability and responsiveness of adapted test. ConclusionTranslations DASH test, QuickDASH test and instructions for scoring the DASH outcome measures are approved by the Institute for Work and Health. Translations are published on their site and available for use.
Ocena napovednih dejavnikov za težko intubacijo pri operativnih posegih v področju glave in vratu
Authors: Režonja Katja , Benedik Janez
Published: November 2017

The incidence of difficult intubation is more frequent in ear, nose and throat patients than in general surgery patients. Mallampati score correlates best with difficult intubation; however, in this group of patients there are specific factors influencing difficult intubation besides visualisation of larynx.
Nov način odmerjanja sugamadeksa za odpravo z vekuronijem povzročene nevromišične blokade
Authors: Peček Blaž , Polh Damjan , Priman Tea
Published: November 2017

Background and Goal of Study: Sugammadex is a selective binding agent that bindsaminosteroid muscle relaxants. Each molecule of sugammadex binds one molecule of musclerelaxant. To produce the same depth of the neuromuscular block (NMB) much less molecules ofvecuronium are needed than molecules of rocuronium. In theory less sugammadex would beneeded to neutralise the neuromuscular block if vecuronium was used to produce the neuromuscular block. Our aim was to compare reversal of vecuronium induced muscle relaxation between a new way of dosing sugammadex, which takes into account TOF value at the end of the surgery and the amount of vecuronium given during the surgery with neostigmine atropine combination. We also wanted to know how much this dosage regime can save compared to standard per kg dosage.Materials and Methods: 20 adult patients requiring a general anesthesia for surgery were analysed. The first group of 11 patients (SUG) received sugammadex at the end of the surgery according to the table one for NMB reversal. The second group of 9 patients (NEO) received neostigmine and atropine. Train of four (TOF) value was recorded at the end of the surgery and then continuously until the TOF value reached more than 0.9 and the patient was extubated. The time required for the TOF value reaching 0.9 was compared between the groups. For economical evaluation we compared the amount of sugammadex used in the SUG group to standard sugammadex per kg dosage.Results and Discussion: Mean time to recovery to a TOF ratio of 0.9 with sugammadex was 5.12min versus 12.6 min with neostigmine atropine (P < 0.05). No sign of postoperative residual curarisation was observed in the SUG group. For patients in our study 530 mg of sugammadex were used to neutralise the NMB. If standard per kg sugammadex dosing had been used we would have used 2420 mg for the NMB reversal.Conclusion(s): New dosing for sugammadex was successful in neutralising the NMB regardlessof the TOF value at the end of the surgery. The economic impact of the proposed dosing is significant as an average cost for the vecuronium NMB reversal is reduced from around 80 € to 20 € per patient.
Vpliv vrste povzročitelja na porast koncentracije prokalcitonina pri bolnikih s sepso
Authors: Jereb Sara , Planinc Strunjaš Natalija , Jereb Matjaž
Published: November 2017

AbstractTheoretical background: Procalcitonin (PCT) is diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of sepsis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between sepsis causative agent and serum PCT concentration, since it would influence the initial empirical antimicrobial therapy selection.Methods: This retrospective study included 96 patients with sepsis who were admitted to Intensive Care Unit of Department of Infectious Diseases and Febrile Illnesses of University Clinical Center Ljubljana from September of 2011 through March of 2013. Sepsis was established clinically and defined aetiologically by haemoculture growth. Statistical evaluation was conducted in 76 patients who had not received proper antimicrobial therapy prior to blood collection. ForPCT determination imunoluminometric method was used and concentrations above 5 mg/L were considered elevated. Results: Serum PCT concentration was significantly higher in Gram-negative sepsis (PCT median was 26,3 μg/L) compared to Gram-positive sepsis (PCT median was 11,2 μg/L) (p = 0,016). Differences in PCT concentrations between Gram-positive pathogens were not statistically significant (p = 0,09), however, S. aureus sepsis is linked to higher serum PCT concentration (median PCT 12,8 μg/L) than all other Gram-positive agents put together (median PCT of 5,9  μg/L) (p = 0,016). Difference in PCT concentration in E. coli sepsis (median PCT of 38,2 μg/L) compared to other enterobacteria (median PCT of 26,3 μg/L) is not statistically significant (p = 0,902). Conclusions: Causative agent has a significant effect on serum PCT concentration in patients with sepsis. Higher values were present in Gram-negative than in Gram-positive sepsis. Amongst Gram-positive pathogens, S. aureus caused greater rise in PCT than other Gram-positive bacteria put together.
Uspešnost histeroskopske sterilizacije s sistemom Essure in zadovoljstvo pacientk s posegom
Authors: Rosič Maja , Žegura Branka , Vadnjal Đonlagić Sabina
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND: Essure is a permanent transcervical sterilisationprocedure. Three months after the procedure a confirmation test is performed to evaluate tubal occlusion or microinsert location. During this period the tubal lumen is occluded by benign tissue ingrowth stimulated by the microinsert. Since 2007, 169 procedures have been performed at University Medical Centre Maribor. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the efficacy, satisfaction, and complications of the procedure.METHODS: Thirty-eight consecutive patients were included in prospective study. All procedures were performed between August 2012 and March 2013 by the same experienced hysteroscopist in an outpatient setting. Transvaginal 2D ultrasound was performed 3 months after the procedure to asses the position of microinserts. Hysterosalpingo foam sonography (HyFoSy) was performed in 5 cases and hysterosalpingography (HSG) was performed once in a total of 6 cases with indeterminate position of microinserts.RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients with 75 Fallopian tubes were included. Essure microinsert was successfully placed in 73 of 75 Fallopian tubes in 37 patients (97,3%). Transvaginal ultrasound demonstrated a correct placement of 67 microinserts (67/73, 91,8%). Tubal occlusion was confirmed in all 6 cases with indeterminate position of microinserts. The overall patient satisfactory rate was 9,92 on a scale from 0 to 10.CONSCLUSION: Essure is a method for permanent female contraception that has a very high rate of success and patient satisfaction, a low rate of complications and is well tolerated. In cases of indeterminate position of microinserts on transvaginal ultrasound, HyFoSy could be an alternative to HSG.
Melanom in izolirane metastaze v vranici-prikaz primera in pregled literature
Authors: Škedelj Jerica , Žagar Ivana , Snoj Marko
Published: November 2017

Background. Metastases to the spleen are considered a rare event generally occurring during the late stage of malignant disease. Isolated metastases are even rarely described. In the past years the number of reported cases in literature has risen mainly due to the improvements of the imaging techniques and the use of FDG-PET/CT in the follow-up of the patients with malignant disease. Even though melanoma can disseminate to any organ, metastases to spleen, found during life, are rare. Moreover, proven isolated metastases in the spleen are even seldomly described. Case report. We report a case of 61-year-old man with known skin melanoma treated in our Institute from 2009. During the regular follow up raised values of S-100 marker and isolated lesions in the spleen found on FDG-PET/CT were described. Due to isolated metastatic disease, splenectomy was indicated.Conclusion. Patients with stage IV. melanoma have poor prognosis, the median survival is estimated to six months. According to studies, metastasectomies for isolated metastases in solid organs can significantly improve survival of these patients. In melanoma patients with FDG-PET/CT proven isolated metastases to the spleen, splenectomy can significantly improve their survival and quality of life.
SMERNICE ZA PREPREČEVANJE IN ZDRAVLJENJE NEŽELENIH UČINKOV NESTEROIDNIH PROTIVNETNIH IN ANTIAGREGACIJSKIH UČINKOVIN NA PREBAVILA
Authors: Štabuc Borut , Tepeš Bojan , Skok Pavel , Vujasinović Miroslav , Blinc Aleš , Čerček Miha , Tomšič Matija , Markovič Saša
Published: November 2017

Adverse effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and antiaggregants on gastrointestinal tract can be prevented or reduced by rational prescribing, use of proton pump inhibitors and Helicobacter pylori eradication.Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs should not be used to treat patients with high risk for serious adverse effects on either upper gastrointestinal or cardiovascular system. Proton pump inhibitors in standard oral dosages are used for treatment of dyspepsia or gastric and duodenal erosions and ulcers, caused by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug or antiaggregant use. Peptic ulcer hemorrhage is treated with endoscopic hemostasis and proton pump inhibitors (72-hour continuous infusion followed by 4 – 8 week standard dose oral treatment).Patients can be stratified into three groups based on risk for upper gastrointestinal system adverse effects associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs or antiaggregants use. Absence of risk factors denotes low-risk patient population, one or two risk factors are associated with medium risk; high-risk patients harbor either three or more risk factors or history of complicated peptic ulcer disease.  Helicobacter pylori should be eradicated (if present) in all medium and high-risk patients prior to introduction of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs or antiaggregants and proton pump inhibitors in standard daily dose should be prescribed for the duration of the treatment.Risk of gastrointestinal hemorrhage should be considered when planning invasive cardiovascular procedures or introduction of antiaggregant or anticoagulant treatment. In the context of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage, antiaggregants should not be discontinued for longer than 7 days and oral anticoagulant therapy should be stopped and converted to low-molecular-weight heparin after complete hemostasis.
Epilepsija in vožnja
Authors: Mavrič Matej , Zavrnik Črt , Bilban Marjan , Grošelj Jože
Published: November 2017

Epilepsy poses a risk for all participants in road traffic; therefore people with epilepsy do not meet the criteria for an unlimited driving license. Their driving is affected not only by epileptic seizures causing impaired consciousness and involuntary movements, but also by antiepileptic drugs with their many unwanted affects. The experts have not yet agreed on whether people with epilepsy have an increased risk of experiencing a road traffic accident. However, recent data suggests that the overall risk is lower compared to other medical conditions. Scientific evidence forms the basis of legislation, which by limiting people with epilepsy, enables all participants in road traffic to drive in the safest possible environment. The legislation that governs epilepsy and driving in Slovenia has been recently thoroughly reformed and thus allows a less discriminatory management of people with epilepsy. Although people with epilepsy experience many issues in their daily life, including their personal relationships and employment, they often list the need for driving as a top concern in surveys. General physicians play an important role in managing the issues of people with epilepsy.