bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political Participation across Cultures
Authors: Deutsch Franziska
Published: September 2022

Abstract: This chapter examines the role of culture, understood as a common or shared system of orientation, as a context for political participation. Focusing on value patterns as an important characteristic that differentiates cultures, it reviews three empirical, dimensional approaches to the study of cultural values and their impact on political participation: Hofstede (2001, 2010, 2011), Schwartz (1999, 2006, 2008), and Inglehart and Welzel (2005). Using representative survey data from the European Values Study and World Values Survey (EVS/WVS 2017-2020), illustrative empirical evidence complements this overview. It is argued that while often overlooked, culture provides a fruitful approach to the study of political participation across contexts and should be included more systematically in comparative research.
Age, Generation, and Political Participation
Authors: Serra Laura , Smets Kaat
Published: September 2022

This chapter presents an overview of the role played by age and generations in explaining political participation. While age-related characteristics are a commonly remarked upon feature in studies of participation, the importance of age as a determinant of political attitudes and behaviors has become increasingly striking over the years, generating renewed scholarly interest in the matter. Age is thought to affect not only whether someone participates in politics, but also the ways in which they participate and the value sets that influence these decisions. This chapter outlines these dynamics by reviewing the literature on the development of political orientations and assessing the role played by socializing agents in driving participation patterns. It further examines how stable these patterns are across the areas of turnout, unconventional or alternative forms of participation, and political values. Finally, the chapter discusses the methodological difficulties arising from attempting to untangle the effects of aging, cohorts, and periods.
Race, Ethnicity, and Political Participation
Authors: Abrajano Marisa , Leighley Jan E. , Markarian G. Agustin
Published: September 2022

This chapter provides recent data on group differences in voter turnout and political participation of African Americans, Latinos, and Asian Americans in the United States and discusses advances in our understanding of the processes (e.g., mobilization, legal reforms, experiences of minorities with the carceral state) and mechanisms (e.g., resources, group consciousness, identity) that account for such differences. Our review supports the argument that political participation of marginalized groups reflects the costs and benefits imposed by the broader political and historical contexts in addition to the typical individual-level factors considered in standard participation models. Thus, generalizing our understanding of race, ethnicity, and participation across different political systems and social contexts requires a nuanced understanding of country-specific histories and efforts to draw broad, systematic, comparative conclusions regarding race and ethnicity as determinants of participation can be highly problematic.
Identity, Emotions, and Political Participation
Authors: Jasper James M. , Zhelnina Anna
Published: September 2022

Abstract: This chapter examines the interplay of collective identities and emotions in a variety of processes involving participation: avoiding it, engaging others, continuing and making strategic decisions, and disengaging from it. The term “collective identity” refers to how individuals feel and think about groups. Collective identities are emotional as much as they are cognitive: they involve feelings about the ingroups and outgroups, but also shape many other emotions that people experience. Group pride, hate for opponents, compassion for others, yearning for our strategic objectives, shock at threats to our groups: these are abiding emotions that are symbolically elaborated and embodied in arguments, ideologies, and books as part of even the most “rational” of thinking–feeling processes. A full range of emotions is at play in political action, both directed at groups and shaped by group identities, as individuals move in and out of political participation.
Macro-Level Effects of Political Participation
Authors: Andrews Kenneth T. , Janko Erica , Vo Austin T.
Published: September 2022

Abstract: What are the macro-social effects of mass political participation? This chapter integrates insights from scholarship on voting, civic associations, social movements, public policy, culture, and political institutions to theorize the ways that macro changes may be shaped by mass political participation. Focus is placed on empirical evidence across three main domains: policy, culture, and institutions. Mass political participation exerts influence indirectly on the formation of policy proposals and adoption through the media agenda, interest groups, and elected officials. Voting and other forms of participation in institutional politics can impact political culture by shaping political legitimacy, trust, and public opinion, and generate new modes of political expression. Democratization efforts supported by civil society institutions also work to shape the integration or fragmentation of a polity and the development of state capacity. This chapter concludes by identifying an opportunity for future scholarship to consider the independent and joint effects of different types of mass political participation.
Political Participation in a Globalized World
Authors: della Porta Donatella , Portos Martín
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT: Since the beginning of the Millennium, attention to globalization as well as transnational forms of political participation has grown. Economic globalization has been a main target for progressive social movements, which have held it responsible for changing material conditions, labor market dynamics, and increasing inequalities within and across nations. Cultural globalization has been instead targeted by regressive organizations that have mostly addressed the issue of migration. While some collective action frames have spread across countries, the forms and paths of internationalization of mobilizations have varied in time and for different actors, developing through paths of domestication, externalization, and transnationalization.
Psychology and Political Participation
Authors: Duncan Lauren E.
Published: September 2022

This chapter focuses on what psychology as a field brings to the understanding of three types of political participation: (1) voting and other types of conventional political participation, (2) volunteering, and (3) collective protest behavior. The research is organized in a framework that reviews the psychological mediators of the relationships between political participation and individual differences in personality and life experiences. By considering these separate literatures in the same chapter using the same framework, it is possible to identify the variables that are both common and unique to each tradition and recognize new potential research directions in each domain. Specifically, the voting and conventional political participation literature lacks a consideration of politicized identities and life experience variables, the volunteering literature lacks a consideration of individual difference variables and moderators, and the collective protest literature lacks a consideration of other potential psychological mediators of relationships between individual difference variables and activism.
Young Women, Gender, and the Future of Political Participation
Authors: Bessant Judith
Published: September 2022

Historically, girls and young women have been excluded from political activity. Yet in 2018 they began engaging politically in large numbers globally. How can we explain this and the leadership roles so many now play? After describing what has been happening, I consider whether there are gender elements operating. Has the growing awareness of gender inequity and sexual violence signified, for example, by the MeToo movement encouraged some young women’s political engagement? There is, however, no strong evidence that concern about global warming matters more. Other factors like the “participatory condition” enabled by new technologies and recruitment practices, along with the “homophily” principle, novel role modeling, and a politics of solidarity, also help explain why so many girls and young women are now building new collectives, and creating new social imaginaries. All this signals something exceptional is taking place and changing how politics is conceptualized and practiced.
James and Math
Authors: Bordogna Francesca
Published: September 2022

In the last thirty years of his life, William James reflected periodically on two questions concerning infinite totalities: is the notion of an infinite totality logically contradictory? And, if not, are infinite totalities endowed with “extra-logical,” “extra-mathematical” existence? As he addressed these questions, James drew a distinction between two kinds of infinities: “growing infinities,” such as the infinite series of the natural numbers 1, 2, …, n, …, and “standing infinities,” as would be the stars under the assumption that infinitely many stars exist. He rejected as self-contradictory the notion that a growing infinite could constitute or be viewed as a totality. James never called into question, either logically or factually, the possibility of the existence of infinitely many things (e.g., the infinitely many stars), provided those things did not constitute (or are not viewed or experienced by some knower as) a totality. Because of his methodological commitment to human experience, which for James was finite, he banned (standing) infinite totalities from his pluralistic universe. In addition to explaining how James reached these conclusions, this chapter also argues that James’s engagement with questions concerning infinite totalities played a major role in shaping his understanding of his colleague Josiah Royce’s conception of the Absolute, which Royce had mathematized as an actually infinite totality, and, as a result, helped him develop in new ways his own pluralistic metaphysics.
William James and Renouvier’s Neo-Kantianism
Authors: Girel Mathias
Published: September 2022

In this chapter, while acknowledging an important and famous early influence of Renouvier on James’s notions of belief and free will, the author documents a major and growing disagreement in their exchanges. The author argues that this disagreement is by no means a peripheral matter, since it involves James’s assessment of Renouvier’s neo-Kantianism. After having presented the core of Renouvier’s main influence in the section “Free Will’s Champion, Kantian Style,” the author gives a brief survey of James’s presence in the Critique Philosophique in the section “James’s Contributions,” and deals, in the following sections, with James’s early criticisms of Renouvier on philosophical method (the section “Methods and Categories”), on the perception of space and time (the section ”Unbounded Spaces”) and on consciousness (the section ”The Stream of Thought”). In order to accomplish this, the author focuses on a more limited period than James’ career as a whole: the author follows him from the early writings to the mid-1880s—that is, precisely to the point where James and Renouvier’s philosophical itineraries begin to diverge. The author’s larger goal is to illustrate how the Critique Philosophique was at first a hospitable publication for the young James, but also how, from the end of this period on, important disputes emerged, in particular over consciousness, which gave rise to a paradoxical situation: the very organ that contributed to make James known turned out to be at odds with several of his most important theses, before the publication of the Principles, and even more before Pragmatism.
James’s and Dewey’s Radical Rationalism
Authors: Burke F. Thomas
Published: September 2022

James and Dewey are often compared and contrasted as pragmatists. They may also be compared and contrasted as radical empiricists. Dewey adapted James’s radical empiricism in new and interesting ways. Dewey’s so-called immediate empiricism integrated James’s realistic empiricism and Peirce’s empirical realism into his own unique post-Hegelian Chicago-functionalist view of experience. This chapter argues that Dewey also promoted a kind of radical rationalism that rounds out and is even implicit in James’s insights regarding the shortcomings of modern epistemology. James’s radical empiricism is encapsulated in a Postulate-Fact-Conclusion formula that he presented in several venues. This chapter presents a parallel Postulate-Fact-Conclusion encapsulation of radical rationalism.
James’s Revolutionary Theory of Emotions
Authors: Pott Heleen J.
Published: September 2022

James’s claim that emotion is a feeling of bodily changes has provoked more questions than answers; what exactly he meant is a matter of ongoing debate. This chapter examines three interpretations of James’s theory that are popular today: first, the standard view, also known as the James-Lange theory; second, the view of James as a forerunner of basic emotions theory (BET); and third, the reading of his work in terms of a phenomenology of the feeling body. The chapter argues that all three interpretations address significant aspects of James’s approach, but do not see how James’s writings on emotion fit into the broader framework of his new psychology of consciousness and self. James’s actual view of emotion can stand up to the criticisms of the last hundred years and serve as a source of inspiration for current and future emotion research.
Learning to be an Expert
Authors: Dinsmore Daniel L. , Dumas Denis G.
Published: September 2022

This handbook chapter provides an introduction to the expertise literature, overviews state-of-the-art empirical evidence related to expertise development, and presents a synthetic framework for design and evaluating instruction to build expertise. The 4D framework for developing expertise in classrooms incorporates elements that are: designed to enhance learning and development; domain-specific in scope; include deliberate practices; and, are distributed over time and space. Discussed for each of these four elements are the theoretical and empirical justification for their inclusion in the framework, instructional considerations, and analytic considerations. The synthesis of these four elements can serve as a starting point for a new researcher in the area of expertise or a practitioner looking to develop expertise in their students in the classroom.
Reconfiguring the “Top 20 Principles for PreK–12 Education” by Basing Them in the Dynamics of the Class and Extending Them to Higher Education
Authors: Lucariello Joan , Curby Timothy W. , Anderman Eric M. , Nastasi Bonnie K. , Subotnik Rena F. , Khalid Maha , Michel Rochelle , Tinio Pablo P. L. , Stoner Gary
Published: September 2022

To address the gap between the importance of the behavioral sciences to teaching and learning and the diminishing role of such sciences in teacher-leader preparation, the American Psychological Association’s (APA’s) Coalition for Psychology in Schools and Education (CPSE) developed the “Top 20 Principles from Psychology for PreK–12 Teaching and Learning” (2015) as a resource for pre- and in-service teachers. This chapter presents an extended view of the principles in two ways. First, the principles are cast into a new organizational structure that reconceptualizes their application to teaching and learning in five areas. Discussed are how these behavioral science principles are grounded in psychological science theory and research and can be used to (1) empower students to facilitate their own learning, (2) implement teaching as a social-interactive process, (3) understand learning as taking place in situational contexts, (4) identify what teachers need to know about assessment, and (5) articulate how teacher expectations are critical to student learning. Second, their application to education and schooling is now extended to include illustrations of their use in the higher education setting, as well as the K–12 education setting.
Catalyzing Intrinsic and Internalized Motivation
Authors: Vansteenkiste Maarten , Soenens Bart , Waterschoot Joachim
Published: September 2022

According to Self-Determination Theory, intrinsic motivation is a natural growth tendency that fuels students’ learning, development, and well-being. In this chapter, we sketch a developmental model of intrinsic motivation, thereby describing an evolution from fleeting and undifferentiated interests to the gradual unfolding of an enduring, refined, and well-anchored intrinsically motivated identity. To foster such mature forms of intrinsic motivation, learners’ psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness need to be supported on both the short and long run. Yet, because not all learning material and school-related activities are interesting, a critical task for socializing figures is to foster the growth process of internalization, such that learners experience a sense of ownership regarding extrinsically motivated activities. Teachers and school climates that are conducive to learners’ psychological needs promote learners’ endorsement of the learning activity at hand, while also allowing them to ground their functioning on a deeper set of values, commitments, and preferences, which serve as a more stable basis for regulating their day-to-day learning activities. Apart from discussing these growth processes and the energizing role of psychological needs, we review past work which provides insights in the way how teachers can foster learners’ intrinsic motivation and internalization.
Managerial Quality and Productivity Dynamics
Authors: Adhvaryu Achyuta , Nyshadham Anant , Tamayo Jorge
Published: September 2022

Do productivity and managerial quality vary within the firm? If so which managerial traits and practices matter most for team productivity? Combining granular garment production data with survey data on managers across 120 production lines in India, we document substantial productivity dispersion both across teams producing overlapping products and within team over the course of production runs, and structurally link this variation to a comprehensive assessment of supervisor quality. We find that factors related to managerial attention and control are the most important for enabling line productivity, both more impactful than traditionally emphasized dimensions like cognitive skills and tenure. We document that one mechanism by which specific managerial practices contribute to productivity is by way of enabling faster learning-by-doing. In-sample pay patterns suggest potential net gains from screening for or training in less readily measured dimensions of managerial quality, as pass-through of productivity contributions to pay is incomplete.
The influence of age on the prevalence of inflammatory and structural MRI lesions in the sacroiliac joints of patients with and without axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Baraliakos Xenofon , Kuehn Anna , Tsiami Styliani , Kiltz Uta , Fruth Martin , Braun Juergen
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To compare the influence of age on inflammatory (bone marrow oedema [BME]) and structural (fat lesions [FL], erosions and ankylosis) MRI lesions in the sacroiliac joints (SIJ) of patients with and without axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Methods

In a retrospective study, SIJ MRI (STIR/T1 sequences) of consecutive patients with chronic back pain diagnosed with axSpA or non-SpA were evaluated based on SIJ quadrants (SIJ-Q). Two blinded readers evaluated BME and structural lesions. Reader agreement was evaluated for prevalence of MRI lesions related to age.

Results

MRIs of 309 (175 axSpA, 134 non-SpA) patients were evaluated. Their mean age was 38.5 (11.4) and 43.4 (13.8) years, 67% and 36% were male, CRP was 1.6 (2.4) and 1.1 (2.1) mg/dl and median symptom duration was 48 and 60 months for axSpA and non-SpA, respectively. SIJ-Q with BME and erosions were significantly more frequent in axSpA vs non-SpA patients independent of age, while this difference was seen for FL only in patients ≥50 years. The proportion of patients with ≥1 or ≥3 BME or chronic lesions except for FL increased with age in both groups, and was constantly higher in axSpA vs non-SpA. In univariate analyses, only female sex was significantly associated with more FL.

Conclusions

The proportion of patients with MRI lesions was high in both axSpA and non-SpA patients. However, the prevalence of BME and erosions was significantly more frequent in patients with axSpA, was independent of age and also allowed for discrimination. FL occurred more frequently only in older age groups and were less reliable for discrimination vs non-SpA patients.
Capital Gains Tax, Venture Capital, and Innovation in Start-Ups
Authors: Dimitrova Lora , Eswar Sapnoti K
Published: September 2022

We examine the effect of staggered changes in the state-level capital gains tax on venture capital (VC)-backed start-ups and show that an increase in the tax rate of VC firms reduces the quantity and quality of patents by the start-ups. The results are consistent with a reduction in VC firms’ incentives to provide effort: increases in the capital gains tax for VC firms lead to incrementally lower innovation exchanges between start-ups in the VC firm’s portfolio. VC firms also decrease the level of investment in start-ups and the size of their portfolio as well as increase the number of start-ups that they write off.
Heterotopic ossification prophylaxis after acetabular fracture fixation using a posterior approach: a retrospective study at a level 1 trauma center
Authors: Kitchen Joseph , Hartley Brandi , Seligson David
Published: September 2022

Background:

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a known complication of acetabular fracture repair. After surgery, standard methods for HO prevention involve observation, radiation therapy, or a course of nonsteroidal antiinflammatories (indomethacin).

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed to analyze the effectiveness of radiation and indomethacin as HO prophylaxis after acetabular fracture surgical repair. Data were analyzed from 117 patients who underwent stabilization of the acetabulum utilizing a posterior approach from 2016 to 2020. Patients were classified into three groups based on the postoperative therapy received: radiation therapy, indomethacin therapy, or no prophylaxis. Grade of HO for each patient was determined by examining pelvic radiographs using the Brooker classification system at the most recent follow-up. Incidence of total and severe HO was recorded for each group and compared. Demographics, follow-up time, injury severity, and other trauma characteristics also were reported. Statistics were calculated using a combination of analysis of the variance (ANOVA), chi square, and Kruskal-Wallis testing.

Results:

The indomethacin group was younger than the other two groups with a shorter average follow-up time. The radiation group demonstrated a lower incidence of severe and total HO compared to the control group. The indomethacin group had significantly less total HO than the control group.

Conclusions:

With a decreased incidence of severe HO in the radiation group compared to no prophylaxis, this study supports the utility of radiation therapy as HO prophylaxis following acetabular fracture repair using a posterior approach. It shows a trend indicating that indomethacin also may be useful.

Level of Evidence:

Level III.
A biomechanical comparison between transosseous cruciate sutures and suture anchors for triceps tendon repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sequeira Sean B. , Imbergamo Casey , Gould Heath , Wright Melissa A. , Murthi Anand M.
Published: September 2022

Background:

The most common surgical option for acute triceps tendon tears is primary repair. There is no consensus as to which fixation construct is biomechanically superior. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical properties of transosseous cruciate (TC) versus suture anchors (SA) for triceps tendon repair.

Methods:

A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, the Cochrane library, and Embase using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines to identify studies that analyzed the biomechanical properties of TC and SA techniques for triceps tendon repair. The search phrase implemented was “triceps tendon repair biomechanics.” Evaluated outcomes included medial displacement, lateral displacement, and ultimate load to failure.

Results:

Four studies met inclusion criteria, including 74 cadaveric specimens (TC: 37, SA: 37), for triceps tendon repair comparing a transosseous technique with TC to SA fixation. Pooled analysis from four studies reporting on medial and lateral displacement revealed a statistically significant difference between TC and SA (P=0.048 and 0.006). Pooled analysis from three studies reporting on ultimate load to failure revealed a statistically significant difference in favor of SA compared to TC (P=0.035).

Conclusions:

Biomechanical testing of SA for triceps tendon repair is associated with higher ultimate load to failure and lower medial and lateral displacement when under load following repair. The findings of this biomechanical meta-analyses should be considered along with clinical outcome data when surgeons make a decision regarding triceps tendon repair techniques.

Level of Evidence:

Level II
Analysis of physician characteristics and factors influencing the online recommendation of pediatric orthopaedic surgeons: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Pando Alejandro , Delprete Cristina R. , Su Jennifer , Edobor-Osula Folorunsho
Published: September 2022

Background:

Physician online reviews are a growing resource that patients use to choose healthcare providers. The authors investigated the factors involved in the recommendation of pediatric orthopaedic surgeons on a popular online physician-rating website.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted using the 2020-2021 Pediatric Orthopedic Society of North America directory to identify United States active board-certified pediatric orthopaedic surgeons. Healthgrades.com was used to gather data including geographic location, years of experience, type of ratings, age, sex, and likelihood to recommend score (LTRS). Quantitative analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, Student t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression models.

Results:

Seven hundred and one POSNA members (566 men, 135 women) were identified. A higher likelihood to recommend score (LTRS) was associated with short waiting times (P<0.0001), reports of “appointment not being rushed” (P=0.001), and more total ratings (P=0.130). Male physicians were positively associated with LTRS (P=0.01). Surgeons with fewer years of experience had fewer negative reviews (P=0.02) and were more favorably rated (P<0.05). Patients gave more positive (mean=3.37) then negative (mean=0.73) reviews and selected more “what went well” factors (mean=72) rather than “what could be improved” factors (mean=13). The South had more total, positive, and 5-star ratings (P<0.01).

Conclusions:

Patients are more likely to rate pediatric orthopaedic surgeons on the two extremes when using online reviews. Physicians with the fewer years practicing received higher LTRS, suggesting satisfaction is not related to experience. Factors such as reducing waiting times and not rushing appointments may help improve the likelihood of physicians being recommended in the future.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV.
Aspirin may not be effective in prevention of deep vein thrombosis after meniscus root repair: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Smith Scott , Pettit Robert , Flanigan David C. , Magnussen Robert A.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Arthroscopic knee surgery has been associated with a low risk of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT), with previous studies demonstrating a risk of 0.12% to 3.7%. This risk of DVT and ideal prophylaxis in cases of meniscus root repair are unknown. The authors sought to determine the effectiveness of aspirin as DVT prophylaxis after meniscus root repair. The hypothesis was that there is no significant difference in the risk of symptomatic DVT after meniscus root repair with aspirin prophylaxis as compared with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or apixiban.

Methods:

Patients treated with repair of medial or lateral meniscus root tears over a 3 yr period were identified retrospectively. The risk of subsequent development of a symptomatic DVT was compared based on whether postoperative DVT prophylaxis was undertaken with aspirin or a stronger anticoagulant such as LMWH or apixiban.

Results:

Fifty-eight patients who underwent root repair (19 lateral and 39 medial) were identified. No symptomatic DVTs were identified in 42 patients (0%) who received LMWH or apixiban, but DVTs were identified in 3 of 16 patients (19%) who received aspirin (P=0.018). No significant differences in patient gender or body mass index, laterality of repair, associated procedures, or smoking history were noted between the groups. The aspirin group included older patients (mean age 49 yr) than those in the LMWH/apixiban group (mean age 39 yr).

Conclusions:

Aspirin alone may not be sufficient to prevent DVT after meniscus root repair. Additional work is required to clarify ideal DVT prophylaxis following this procedure.

Level of Evidence:

Level III.
Barriers to and Systems Solutions for Increasing Early Childhood Home Visiting Referrals by Health Care Providers Serving Urban and Rural Communities
Authors: Cruz Theresa H. , Woelk Leona , Vitanzos Cervantes Ivy C. , Kaminsky Alexis
Published: September 2022

Early childhood home visiting (ECHV) is an evidence-based prevention strategy that directly impacts maternal and child health by mitigating the poor outcomes associated with socioeconomic disadvantage and adverse childhood experiences that disproportionately affect marginalized populations. Despite its promise, health care providers in many communities do not routinely refer patients to these services. This qualitative study examined barriers to health care providers' referrals to ECHV services and identified systems-level strategies to overcome those barriers through semistructured interviews with 37 health care providers in New Mexico. Most participants were pediatricians or family practice physicians working in hospitals or community-based primary care settings, and the majority served rural communities. Barriers included insufficient knowledge about ECHV programs; lack of trust of program providers; time constraints; concerns about available funding; lack of a standardized referral process; and concerns about stigma and messaging. Five systems-level recommendations were developed to improve practice: (1) educating health care providers; (2) developing messaging prompts for providers to use when talking with patients about ECHV; (3) increasing engagement among providers and ECHV programs; (4) standardizing referral systems within practices; and (5) promoting universal referrals. Additional research is ongoing to determine the degree to which these health promotion strategies increase referrals and participation in ECHV.
A Scoping Review of Treatment Outcome Measures for Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Jamieson Amy , Tse Samantha S. , Proctor Lily , Sadownik Leslie A.
Published: September 2022

Objective

The goal of this study is to identify a list of clinician-reported outcome measures (CROMs) and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) through a review of published studies reporting on any therapeutic interventions for vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN).

Materials and Methods

A systematic search of published studies reporting on any therapeutic interventions for VIN was performed on MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Database, PsychInfo, and CINAHL from inception to September 20, 2021, based on predetermined study selection criteria. Data were extracted and analyzed by 2 authors independently using Covidence software.

Results

Thirty two of 2386 studies identified met study selection criteria. None of the 32 studies provided an explicit definition of VIN treatment “success.” The most common CROM was “clinical response to treatment.” The most common scale used to measure this outcome was “complete response/partial response/no response”; however, 17 of 23 studies (73.9%) did not define these values. Laboratory CROMs were reported in 12/32 (37.5%) studies. Patient-reported outcome measures were reported in only 10 of 32 studies(31.3%) —the most common PROM was “symptoms.” Only 2 of 32 studies measured PROMs related to “quality of life” domains. Adverse events/treatment-related adverse effects were reported in 24 of 32 studies (75%), although 71% of studies provided no details on how these data were collected.

Conclusions

There is a large variation in outcome measures, instruments, and scales used for any clinician-reported treatment outcome such as “clinical response.” Most studies do not include patient-reported outcome measures assessing quality of life domains. A Core Outcome Set for the treatment of VIN is needed to improve the quality of VIN research.
The Quality and Quantity of Lower Genital Tract Research Across Multiple Journals
Authors: Sheinis Michal , Macfarlane Megan , Selk Amanda
Published: September 2022

Objective

This study aimed to determine the quantity and quality of lower genital tract disease (LGTD) research by topic published across a variety of gynecology and dermatology journals.

Methods

Authors accessed all articles that were rejected (1,111, 59.5%) and accepted (755, 40.5%) by the Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease (JLGTD) from 2008 to 2020. Studies were categorized by key topic: Cervix, Human Papillomavirus, Vulva, Vagina, Anal, and Other. Studies were further subcategorized based on methodology. These data were compared with all LGTD publications from 2018 to 2020 in 4 other widely recognized journals (Obstetrics and Gynecology, The British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, JAMA Dermatology, and the British Journal of Dermatology).

Results

Most JLGTD-accepted submissions were related to the cervix (298/755, 39.5%) and vulva (189/755, 25.0%). Rates of acceptance were similar across all key topic areas. Only 3.2% of publications in the other 4 journals (92/2,932) were related to LGTD topics. Across all 5 journals, vulva studies were most commonly case reports/case series (82/218, 37.6%), with a low prevalence of systematic reviews/meta-analyses (4/218 1.8%). In comparison, cervix studies had the highest number of systematic reviews/meta-analyses (14/317, 4.4%) and the lowest number of case reports (14/317, 4.4%).

Conclusions

Vulvar research is of lower quality compared with cervix research published across 5 journals. Comparing accepted versus rejected articles in JLGTD, there is no publication bias against vulva topics noted; rather, the overall research quality in vulva is lower than that of cervical disease. This is a call to action for higher quality vulvar research.
Evaluating the impact of personalized rehabilitation nursing management in the perioperative nursing of patients with intracranial aneurysm: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Qiong , Qiu Wei
Published: September 2022

Background:

Patients who suffer from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage continue to die at a high rate, despite large geographical and risk factor-related variability in death rates. Hemorrhagic stroke has a greater death rate than ischemic stroke, which is often permanent, although patients who survive have less impairment than those who do not. Because of this, nurses must offer appropriate nursing care throughout the perioperative period for patients suffering from this prevalent neurological condition. Patients with intracranial aneurysms (IA) will be the subjects of this research, which will be carried out to thoroughly investigate the effect of tailored rehabilitative nurse treatment throughout the perioperative period.

Methods:

The influence of customized rehabilitative nurse management in the perioperative nursing of patients with IA has been studied in both randomized controlled trials and observation studies, according to the authors. From the time of the database’s creation until February 2022, information about studies will be gathered from 3 Chinese databases (Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese BioMedical database) and 4 English databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL database). After the data extraction and risk of bias evaluation of the included studies are completed, the data synthesis will be carried out using the RevMan 5.3 program. Egger’s regression test and funnel plots will be used to determine whether or not there is any publication bias. The I2
statistics will be used to determine the degree of heterogeneity. A sensitivity analysis will be conducted to determine the robustness as well as stability of our results and conclusions.

Results:

This research is anticipated to offer high-quality evidence of tailored rehabilitative nurse treatment in the perioperative nursing of patients with IA.

Conclusion:

Results of this research will synthesize the current data to determine whether or not tailored rehabilitation nursing treatment may enhance the surgical recovery of patients with IA.
Reliability of blood tests taken from the peripheral intravenous catheter
Authors: Ben Shabat Idan , Ben Shabat Michal Hoffman , Ben Abraham Shai , Sagy Iftach , Tsaban Gal , Cohen-Lahav Merav , Goldinger Gil , Peled Michal , Bartal Carmi
Published: September 2022

We aimed to compare the reliability of laboratory blood tests using 2 sampling methods, via a peripheral venous catheter (PVC) vs direct venipuncture stab (DVS), we evaluated the effect of time elapsed since PVC insertion, PVC diameter, and administration of saline and/or antibiotic infusion through PVC on the blood test results.

A prospective comparative study was conducted between May 2018 and July 2019. Patients aged ≥ 18 years and admitted to our department with a 20G/22G PVC inserted within the last 24 hours were enrolled.

Blood samples were collected from each participant in the morning, and a second sample was drawn using PVC. Dependent variables included the percentage of hemolysis, failure rate, complete blood count, biochemical testing parameters, and coagulation functions.

A total of 211 patients participated in the study. In total, 237 blood tests were conducted, of which 167 were performed on day 1 and the remaining on day 2, with a second blood sample collected from 26 patients on day 2. Twenty-one participants received 22G PVC, and 23 participants received active infusion. No significant differences were found in failure rates when each subgroup was compared with the primary day 1 group. The intraclass correlation coefficient indicated significant correlations among all the indices in all groups.

Both blood sampling methods (PVC and direct venipuncture) can be used interchangeably for routine laboratory tests on days 1 and 2 after PVC insertion using 20G/22G PVC or infused PVC.
Retrospective study assessing the efficacy of i.v. dexamethasone, SNRB, and nonsteroidal treatment for radiculopathy
Authors: Shahien Radi , Beiruti Wiegler Karine , Dekel Lior , Sharabi-Nov Adi , Abu Saleh Saad
Published: September 2022

Retrospective study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical symptomatology of discopathies before and 7 days after treatment with one of the following: intravenous dexamethasone, selective nerve root block (SNRB), and systemic treatment with different nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Radiculopathy is a clinical condition in which dysfunction of one or more nerves occurs due to mechanical compression and/or chemical irritation of the nerve roots. Most often located in the lumbar spine, radiculopathy remains one of the most common complaints in primary health. Some patients responded well to conservative treatment. However, those who show no improvement may benefit from more invasive treatment options, such as intravenous corticosteroids, spinal injections, and surgical procedures.

We conducted a retrospective study of 81 male and female patients aged 18 years and above who had radicular pain and were referred to our facility over a 7-year period. Of the 100 patients assessed for eligibility, 19 patients were not included in the study due to malignancy or surgical intervention, 32 patients received intravenous dexamethasone, 24 patients received SNRB, and 25 received various NSAIDs as the control group. The visual analog scale, straight leg raise test and neurological deficits were assessed to evaluate the patients before and after receiving treatment. All patients underwent spinal computed tomography to confirm the diagnosis of disc herniation. Pearson chi-squared test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Mann–Whitney test were used to evaluate the results.

Visual analog scale scores and the ability to perform straight leg raise test significantly improved after treatment with dexamethasone, SNRB, and NSAIDs. However, clinical improvement was significantly better in both the dexamethasone and SNRB groups than in the control group. Motor deficits improved significantly after dexamethasone treatment alone.

Dexamethasone and SNRB are useful and safe treatment options for treating patients with acute radicular pain. Randomized, double-blinded, control studies are warranted.
Association of human papillomavirus vaccination with cervical cancer screening: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ssentongo Paddy , McCall-Hosenfeld Jennifer S. , Calo William A. , Moss Jennifer , Lengerich Eugene J. , Chinchilli Vernon M. , Ba Djibril M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Prophylactic vaccination and routine screening are effective at preventing most cases of cervical cancer. Globally, cervical cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer among women. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between human papillomavirus virus (HPV) vaccination (1, 2, or 3 doses) and cervical cancer screening.

Methods:

PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library electronic databases were systematically searched from July 1, 2006, up to September 30, 2021. We pooled estimates using random-effects models. Heterogeneity between studies was quantified using Cochran Q test and I2
statistics. In total, 12 studies involving 2.4 million individuals were included in the meta-analysis.

Results:

In the adjusted estimates, uptake of HPV vaccination was associated with increased cervical cancer screening (pooled relative risk [RR]: 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21, 1.50; n = 12). Between-study heterogeneity was large (I2
= 99%). Compared to unvaccinated, those who received 3 doses of HPV vaccine had the highest uptake of cervical cancer screening (RR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.58, 2.17), followed by those who received 2 doses (RR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.47). No statistically significant association with screening was found for those who received a single dose of the HPV vaccine.

Conclusion:

In this meta-analysis, uptake of HPV vaccination was associated with higher cervical cancer screening. It is plausible that vaccinated individuals are more likely to engage in preventive health behaviors. Healthcare providers should remind patients to continue with routine screening for cervical cancer regardless of their HPV vaccine status since vaccination does not protect against all HPV types.
Laparoscopic surgery combined with the double-J tube implantation for the rare cystic-solid schwannoma of seminal vesicle: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Lin Canbin , Liang Aidi , Liang Shulin , Wang Xiao , Meng Lei , Chen Ming
Published: September 2022

Rationale:

Schwannoma is common in young and middle-aged people and occurs in the head, neck, posterior mediastinum, and retroperitoneal. Schwannoma, on the other hand, is a rare occurrence in the seminal vesicle. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial since the disease can cause lower abdominal pain, nocturia, frequent urination, blood sperm, and other symptoms. There is no standard diagnostic or treatment guideline for seminal vesicle schwannomas currently. Therefore, the treatment experience relies on the few cases reported throughout the world.

Patient concerns:

A 45-year-old male patient discovered that the tumor beside the right side spermatophore is bigger than 3 years ago.

Diagnosis:

Schwannoma of seminal vesicle.

Interventions:

Ureter double-J tube implantation and laparoscopic surgery for schwannoma of seminal vesicle.

Outcomes:

The operation process went smoothly. And the patient was no discomfort after half a year.

Conclusion:

Schwannoma of the seminal vesicle is very rare in the clinic, and the imaging examination was not conclusive. The diagnosis mainly depends on pathological results. Surgical resection is the best treatment method for schwannoma. In surgery for schwannoma of seminal vesicle, combined with the ureter double-J tube implantation are many benefits. This case is an excellent example of the seminal vesicle schwannomas.
Identification of a pyroptosis-related prognosis gene signature and its relationship with an immune microenvironment in gliomas
Authors: Xiao Shengying , Yan Zhiguang , Zeng Furen , Lu Yichen , Qiu Jun , Zhu Xiaodong
Published: September 2022

Background:

Glioma is the most common type of primary brain cancer, and the prognosis of most patients with glioma is poor. Pyroptosis is a newly discovered inflammatory programmed cell death. However, the expression of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in glioma and its correlation with prognosis are unclear.

Methods:

27 pyroptosis genes differentially expressed between glioma and adjacent normal tissues were identified. All glioma cases could be stratified into 2 subtypes based on these differentially expressed PRGs. The prognostic value of each PRG was evaluated to construct a prognostic model.

Results:

A novel 16-gene signature was constructed by using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression method. Then, patients with glioma were divided into low- and high-risk groups in the TCGA cohort. The survival rate of patients in the low-risk group was significantly higher than that in the high-risk group (P = .001). Patients with glioma from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort were stratified into 2 risk groups by using the median risk score. The overall survival (OS) of the low-risk group was longer than that of the high-risk group (P = .001). The risk score was considered an independent prognostic factor of the OS of patients with glioma. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encylopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the differentially expressed PRGs were mainly related to neutrophil activation involved in immune responses, focal adhesion, cell cycle, and p53 signaling pathway.

Conclusion:

PRGs could predict the prognosis of glioma and play significant roles in a tumor immune microenvironment.