bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Astrocyte‐Neuron Lactate Shuttle in Neuropathic Orofacial Pain
Authors: Hu Yinyin , Zou Hequn , Zhong Zhijun , Li Qi , Zeng Qinghong , Ouyang Qian , Zou Xueliang , Wang Mengmeng , Luo Yaxing , Yao Dongyuan
Published: August 2024

Background

Inhibition of astrocytic energy metabolism alleviates neuropathic pain.

Objectives

To explore whether astrocyte‐neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) played any role in neuropathic orofacial pain.

Methods

Rats with partial transection of the right infraorbital nerve (p‐IONX) or sham operation were intrathecally injected with acetazolamide (a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor), bithionol (a soluble adenylyl cyclase inhibitor), α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid [α‐CHCA, a monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) inhibitor] or vehicle once a day from postoperative day 1–14. The facial mechanical thresholds were tested on preoperative day 1 and 2 and postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14, expression of glucose transporters (GLUTs) and MCTs in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) were examined on the postoperative day 3 and neuronal activities in the Vc were examined in the p‐IONX rats on postoperative days 3–5.

Results

Compared with the sham group, the mechanical thresholds in the p‐IONX group were significantly reduced at postoperative days 1–7, and the number of astrocytes expressing GLUT1 and MCT1/4, and neurons expressing MCT2 was significantly increased on postoperative day 3. In the p‐IONX groups, neurons in the Vc were sensitised, and acetazolamide, bithionol and α‐CHCA reversed the central sensitisation, significantly increased the mechanical thresholds at postoperative days 1–7 and decreased the number of astrocytes expressing GLUT1 and MCT1/4, and neurons expressing MCT2 at postoperative day 3 compared with those in the vehicle‐treated rats.

Conclusions

Inhibition of ANLS alleviates p‐IONX‐related neuronal, behavioural and immunohistochemical changes, which suggests that ANLS plays an important role in trigeminal neuropathic pain.
Multimodal courtship communication in a wolf spider
Authors: Lallo M. M. , Uetz G. W.
Published: August 2024

Many animals communicate using multiple sensory modes (e.g., vibratory, visual, chemical), and there is current interest in the role of multimodal signals in mate choice. We tested the hypotheses that male Gladicosa bellamyi wolf spiders (Lycosidae) court females using multimodal signals and that these signals were related to male mating success. Using a laser Doppler vibrometer and video camera, we characterized the vibratory and visual courtship signals of male G. bellamyi. Males courted females with a vibratory signal made of three components: pulses of stridulation, abdominal percussion, and a third unknown percussive element (presumed to arise from rapid abdomen tapping), along with two unique visual displays, a foreleg extension/tap and squared leg arch. Female G. bellamyi show no apparent vibratory signals, but possess visual receptivity displays comparable to some other female lycosid species. We found a strong correlation between the vibratory stridulation component and the visual foreleg extension/tapping display of males, suggesting a multimodal signal. Higher rates of courtship signaling, both visual and vibratory, were associated with increased copulatory success. We conclude that male G. bellamyi exhibits multimodal courtship communication, with simultaneous complex vibratory signals and visual displays, and that higher rates of these signals increase the probability of mating in this species.
Magmatic evolution of KREEP‐free lunar meteorite Asuka‐881757 inferred from sector‐zoned clinopyroxene, pyroxene symplectites, and thermodynamic modeling
Authors: Srivastava Y. , Basu Sarbadhikari A. , Yamaguchi A. , Takenouchi A. , Day J. M. D. , Ubide T.
Published: August 2024

Lunar basaltic meteorite Asuka‐881757 (A‐881757), a member of the source crater paired YAMM meteorites (Yamato‐793169, A‐881757, Miller Range 05035 and Meteorite Hills 01210), provides information on potassium‐rare earth element‐phosphorous (KREEP)‐free magmatic sources within the Moon. Asuka‐881757 is an unbrecciated and Fe‐rich (Mg# 36) gabbro with coarse pyroxene (2–8 mm) and plagioclase (1–3 mm). The coarse pyroxene preserves mm‐scale, near‐complete hour‐glass sector zoning with strong Ca and Fe partitioning, similar to some Fe‐rich Apollo basalts. In contrast to the most Mg‐rich Apollo basalts, A‐881757 contains various types of symplectites (~8 vol%) formed by the breakdown of pyroxferroite due to slow cooling, resembling a few extreme Fe‐rich (Mg# 40) Apollo basalts. Petrographic observations and thermodynamic modeling suggest crystallizing in the order: Fe‐poor pyroxenes (Mg# 58–55) → co‐crystallized plagioclase and Fe‐rich pyroxenes (Mg# 49–20) → late‐stage assemblage including Fe‐augite, Fayalite, and Fe‐Ti oxides. Combining phase stability at variable P–T with petrographic observations, the minimum depth of formation of the A‐881757 parent magma can be constrained to between 60 and 100 km. KREEP‐free basalts (such as A‐881757 and the YAMM meteorites) originated from a relatively shallow mantle source and later underwent polybaric crystallization that occurred prior to eruption at the lunar surface. In contrast, the Apollo mare basalts mostly crystallized within lava flows from relatively deeper‐seated mantle sources. The crystallization of A‐881757 and other YAMM meteorites is unlike most Apollo basalts from the Procellarum KREEP terrane, and likely represent hidden cryptomare basalts close to lunar surface.
Kinetic analysis of dehydration/dehydroxylation from carbonaceous chondrites by in situ heating experiments under an infrared microscope
Authors: Zheng Mengyan , Kebukawa Yoko , Hayashi Yuka , Kobayashi Kensei
Published: August 2024

CI, CM, and CR carbonaceous chondrites contain hydrous minerals, indicating that their parent bodies underwent aqueous alteration at low temperatures. Some of these chondrites, such as heated CM, CI, and CY chondrites, experienced thermal dehydration by impacts or solar radiation after aqueous alteration. This study conducted heating experiments on carbonaceous chondrites and evaluated their dehydration/dehydroxylation kinetics in an effort to explain the thermal history of the parent asteroids of heated carbonaceous chondrites using their degrees of dehydration/dehydroxylation of hydrous minerals. Murchison (CM2.5) and Ivuna (CI1), relatively primitive (having not undergone thermal alteration) carbonaceous chondrites, were used as starting materials. Weakening in the OH band at ~3680 cm−1 (2.72 μm) with isothermal heating at 350–500°C (Murchison) and 450–525°C (Ivuna) were observed under in situ infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) equipped with a heating stage. To determine the rate constants, the decrease in the OH band was fitted using kinetic models such as first‐order reactions, two‐dimensional diffusion, and three‐dimensional diffusion. The apparent activation energies and frequency factors were determined using the Arrhenius equation. Time–temperature transformation diagrams were drawn to represent the decrease in the OH‐band intensity as a function of temperature and heating duration. Such kinetic approaches can provide constraints on the temperature and time of the dehydration/dehydroxylation processes and enable us to estimate long‐term effects from experiments in the laboratory within a short time.
A formative study of the sociocultural influences on dietary behaviours during pregnancy in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Khaled Nazrana , Kalbarczyk Anna , Zavala Eleonor , Rahman Atiya , de Boer Mary , Chakraborty Barnali , Rahman Hafizur , Ali Hasmot , Haque Rezwanul , Ayesha Kaniz , Siddiqua Towfida J. , Afsana Kaosar , Christian Parul , Thorne‐Lyman Andrew L.
Published: August 2024

Balanced energy protein supplementation (BEP) is recommended for contexts of high maternal undernutrition by the World Health Organization. Despite recent improvements in undernutrition, Bangladesh remains a context where BEP could help accelerate progress towards nutrition goals. In preparation for an effective trial testing a fortified BEP, a qualitative study was undertaken to better understand sociocultural factors influencing dietary behaviours in pregnancy. Married women of reproductive age (n = 23), their husbands (n = 6) and mothers‐in‐law (n = 6) were interviewed, and focus group discussions were conducted with women (n = 4). Women had a clear understanding of which nutritious foods are important to consume during pregnancy, including green leafy vegetables, dairy and other animal‐source foods. Many explained affordability as a barrier to consuming those foods with the desired frequency. Women acquired information about diet and nutrition in pregnancy from community health workers as well as other women in the community. Most preferred to seek information from their own networks before formal health care providers. Women and husbands generally had positive views about micronutrient supplements, although some mothers‐in‐law were more hesitant. Some food taboos relating to the consumption of certain foods like duck and pigeon meat persist, mainly stemming from concerns for the unborn child. Opportunities exist to build on existing perceptions of healthy diets, potentially framing food or nutrient supplements as a beneficial ‘add‐on’ to promote a healthy pregnancy. There is a scope to strengthen nutrition counselling, especially for the family members, to dispel myths and misconceptions and promote dietary and other support for pregnant women.
Is there an editorial glass ceiling? Editorial leadership in nephrology and transplantation journals: A gender‐based cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Scarlato Rose‐Marie , Wyburn Kate , Wyld Melanie L.
Published: August 2024

Aim

Editors‐in‐Chief (EiC) play a key role as gatekeepers in academic medicine, often shaping research agendas. Women have historically been underrepresented in editorial leadership roles in academic medicine. The purpose of this study was to examine gender representation among EiC of contemporary transplantation and nephrology journals.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study evaluated gender disparities among EiC of transplantation and nephrology medical journals. The study population was drawn from journals in two subject categories (1) ‘Transplantation’ and (2) ‘Urology and Nephrology’ in the 2023 Journal Citation Reports. Binary gender classification (woman/man) was determined by the names/pronouns used to describe the EiC on the journal or institutional webpage. The primary outcome was the proportion of women EiC. Secondary outcome was the proportion of women EiC based on journal topic, location and metrics. Descriptive statistics were used. Gender differences were compared using students t‐test or Fisher's exact test.

Results

A total of 79 EiC were identified of which 16 (20%) were women and 63 (80%) were men (p < .001). Transplantation and nephrology journals had 21% and 20% women EiC, respectively. The proportion of women to men EiC was not impacted by journal category (p = .93), journal location (p = .61), journal impact factor (p = .71) or quartile (p = .59).

Conclusion

There was a disparity in gender representation in EiC in nephrology and transplantation journals, with men holding 80% of all positions. These findings, among growing evidence of gender disparity, highlight a need for targeted efforts to promote gender equity in academic medicine.

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Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Versus Local Corticosteroid Injection for Chronic Lateral Epicondylitis: A Systematic Review with Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Xinyi , Pang Long , Wang Zhuo , Jiang Junliang
Published: August 2024

Chronic lateral epicondylitis (LE), normally known as tennis elbow, is often managed by conservative treatments. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) and local corticosteroid injection (LCI) are among the most commonly used conservative treatments. However, the comparison between these two interventions remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of ESWT and LCI for chronic LE. A systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies until April 20, 2024. Meta‐analyses were conducted using Manager V.5.4.1. Pooled effect sizes were expressed as the weighted mean difference (WMD) or odds ratio (OR), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Compared with LCI, ESWT had inferior change in visual analogue scale (Δ VAS) (WMD, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.80 to 1.48; I2 = 20%; p < 0.001), Δ grip strength (WMD, −4.01; 95% CI, −5.57 to −2.44; I2 = 36%; p < 0.001), change in patient‐rated tennis elbow evaluation (Δ PRTEE) score (WMD, 8.64; 95% CI, 4.70 to 12.58; I2 = 0%; p < 0.001) at 1‐month follow‐up, but superior Δ VAS (WMD, −1.15; 95% CI, −1.51 to −0.80; I2 = 6%; p < 0.001), Δ grip strength (WMD, 2.04; 95% CI, 0.90 to 3.18; I2 = 3%; p = 0.0005), Δ PRTEE score (WMD, −9.50; 95% CI, −14.05 to −4.95; I2 = 58%; p < 0.001) at 3‐month follow‐up, and superior Δ VAS (WMD, −1.81; 95% CI, −2.52 to −1.10; I2 = 33%; p < 0.001), Δ grip strength (WMD, 3.06; 95% CI, 0.90 to 5.21; I2 = 0%; p = 0.005) at 6‐month follow‐up. The two groups had a similarly low rate of adverse events (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.05 to 8.60; I2 = 67%; p = 0.77), all of which were mild. Both ESWT and LCI are effective and safe in treating chronic LE. Compared with LCI, ESWT showed inferior short‐term (1‐month) but superior long‐term (3‐month and 6‐month) outcomes regarding pain relief and function recovery, with a similar rate of mild adverse events.
Reciprocal Evaluation of Hybrid Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Crosses Between German and US ‘Great Plains’ Genotypes Across Their Contrasting Target Environments
Authors: Schneider Johannes , Frels Katherine , Sakhale Sandeep , Baenziger P. Stephen , Longin C. Friedrich H. , Reif Jochen C. , Schulthess Albert W.
Published: August 2024

Hybrid wheat could deliver the grain yield (GY) and stability levels to confront climate change while crossing genetically divergent pools should maximize heterosis. We crossed 22 breeding lines from Nebraska (USA) with two German cultivars to produce 44 hybrids. Hybrids, parents and 12 checks were reciprocally tested across their contrasting target environments for GY, plant height and flowering biology during 2 consecutive years at multiple locations. Trait variation within target environments had the greatest impact on performance. Therefore, mega‐environments could not be derived from target environments despite a clear clustering using weather variables. Short plants and locally optimized flowering biology were main drivers for crop performance and adaptation. Modified Rogers' distances derived from genotyping‐by‐sequencing revealed the genetic divergence between German and ‘Great Plains’ pools. However, variation on GY heterosis could not be explained by this divergence. In general, GY of hybrids was more stable across target environments than for locally adapted material, whereas GY heterosis was higher under harsh climate conditions of the Nebraska's ‘Great Plains’.
Donor Characteristics and Outcomes of Pediatric Heart Transplantation in South Korea
Authors: Kim Susan Taejung , Shin Hyewon , Yu Jeong Jin , Lee Sang Yun , Ahn Joonghyun , Song Jinyoung
Published: August 2024

Background

Heart transplantation is often limited by the availability of transplantable donor heart and understanding of donor aspects that would influence transplant outcomes becomes important. In this study, donor characteristics and their impact on the outcomes of pediatric heart transplantations performed in South Korea were investigated.

Methods

We reviewed the medical records of patients less than 18 years old who received heart transplantation between 2002 and 2022 in three tertiary hospitals located in South Korea.

Results

A total of 139 cases were enrolled. One‐year mortality was 10.4% and total mortality was 33.8%. Forty‐nine recipients (35.3%) showed biopsy‐proven rejections and 20 (14.4%) showed cardiac allograft vasculopathy during mean follow‐up of 6.4 ± 4.9 years. Six recipients (4.5%) showed left ventricle ejection fraction of less than 55% post‐transplantation. The mean age of the donors was 23.0 ± 15.4 years. The most common cause of death of the donors was unspecified illness (46.4%). Donors with a history of diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and alcohol consumption were 0%, 3.1%, 32.1%, and 34.4%, respectively. Mean total ischemic time was 191.6 ± 72.7 min, while total ischemic time was over 4 h in 37 patients (26.6%). There were no significant relationship between donor factors and survival. However, donor's history of drinking or cardiopulmonary resuscitation was significantly associated with acute rejection and donor's age with cardiac allograft vasculopathy.

Conclusion

Donor factors did not show significant impact on post‐transplant survival but some factors were predictive of post‐transplant rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy.
How does chronic disease influence subjective life expectancy among middle‐aged and older adults? Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2018 cross‐sectional data
Authors: Tang Shao‐Liang , Feng Yu‐Li , Gong Yue , Dong Hui‐Qiu , Qian Yu‐Xin , Chen Lei
Published: August 2024

Chronic diseases have become one of the most important factors threatening human health. Subjective life expectancy (SLE) describes an individual's expectation or subjective perception of lifespan. This article aims to explore the relationship between chronic diseases and SLE, as well as the differences among different age groups and different types of chronic diseases in this relationship.

China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) is a nationwide longitudinal study that evaluates the social, economic, and health conditions of middle‐aged and older adult families and individuals aged 45 and above in China. In this study, CHARLS used probability proportional to size sampling (PPS sampling) to ensure the breadth and representativeness of the sample. This study selected cross‐sectional data from CHARLS 2018, removed missing values, and obtained a valid sample of 10,658 middle‐aged and older individuals, of whom 8564 had chronic diseases. After controlling demographic, health behavior, socioeconomic, psychological, and social security factors, an ordered logistic regression was performed to explore the relationship between chronic disease and SLE in middle‐aged and older adults.

The results show that chronic diseases negatively correlate with SLE in middle‐aged and older adults. Middle‐aged and older adults with chronic diseases are 36.2% less likely to have high life expectancy than those without chronic diseases. Many different types of chronic diseases are negatively correlated with SLE. Cancer is most negatively correlated with SLE, far exceeding other chronic diseases. Chronic disease and SLE of middle‐aged and older adults have age‐heterogeneous differences. For middle‐aged people aged 45–59 and young older adults aged 60–79, there is a significant correlation between chronic diseases and SLE. However, there is no correlation between chronic diseases and subjective life expectancy in the older population aged 80 and above.

The government and society should pay close attention to the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases among middle‐aged and older adults and adjust policies and measures according to the population's age structure. In addition, the government and society should pay attention to the spiritual needs of middle‐aged and older adults. The government and society should pay more attention to cancer patients. Finally, the scientific research team should also strengthen research on chronic diseases, research and development of specific drugs and vaccines, improve the cure rate of chronic diseases, promote people's health, and make people no longer afraid of diseases.
A multimodal non‐pharmacological intervention for persons with dementia in nursing homes: a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Yorozuya Kyosuke , Kubo Yuta , Asaoka Yoshihiro , Hayashi Hiroyuki , Fujita Takashi , Hanaoka Hideaki
Published: August 2024

Background

Persons with dementia in nursing homes often experience cognitive decline (e.g., memory and visuospatial/construction problems), behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), and impaired activities of daily living. Therefore, comprehensive interventions for this population are needed. We assessed whether a multimodal non‐pharmacological intervention improved cognitive functions, BPSD, and activities of daily living in persons with dementia in nursing homes.

Methods

This was a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Participants were 40 persons with dementia (38 women) living in four nursing homes (intervention group = 21; control group = 19). The intervention was conducted for 8 weeks, followed by an 8‐week follow‐up. Outcome measures were scores on the Japanese version of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination Five and the ABC Dementia Scale. In the analysis, parameters were estimated using Bayesian statistics and a mixed‐effects linear regression model for the change in each outcome measure.

Results

There were significant between‐group differences in changes in ABC Dementia Scale BPSD scores (8‐week: posteriori median = 1.66, 95% Bayesian confidence interval 0.36–3.01; 16‐week: median = 2.37, 95% Bayesian confidence interval 0.05–4.65). There was also a significant between‐group difference in changes in Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination Five constructional ability scores (16‐week: median = 0.93, 95% Bayesian confidence interval 0.35–1.50).

Conclusion

This intervention may have a maintenance and improvement effect on BPSD in persons with dementia in nursing homes, and a sustained effect on constructional ability post‐intervention. The intervention may be useful and easy to apply in practice.
The effect of performance contingent reward prospects flexibly adapts to more versus less specific task goals
Authors: Liegel Nathalie , Schneider Daniel , Wascher Edmund , Klatt Laura‐Isabelle , Arnau Stefan
Published: August 2024

In some situations, for example, when we expect to gain a reward in case of good performance, goal‐driven top‐down attention is particularly strong. Little is known about the task specificity of such increases of top‐down attention due to environmental factors. To understand to what extent performance‐contingent reward prospects can result in specific and unspecific changes in cognitive processing, we here investigate reward effects under different levels of task specification. Thirty‐two participants performed a visual or an auditory discrimination task cued by two consecutive visual stimuli: First, a reward cue indicated if good performance was rewarded. Second, a task cue announced either which of the two tasks would follow (precise cue) or that both tasks would follow equally likely (imprecise cue). Reward and task cue preciseness both significantly improved performance. Moreover, the response time difference between precisely and imprecisely cued trials was significantly stronger in rewarded than in unrewarded trials. These effects were reflected in event‐related potential (ERP) slow wave amplitudes: Reward and preciseness both significantly enhanced the contingent negative variation (CNV) prior to the task stimulus. In an early CNV time interval, both factors also showed an interaction. A negative slow wave prior to the task cue was also significantly enhanced for rewarded trials. This effect correlated with the reward difference in response times. These results indicate that reward prospects trigger task‐specific changes in preparatory top‐down attention which can flexibly adapt over time and across different task requirements. This highlights that a reward‐induced increase of cognitive control can occur on different specificity levels.
Role of pediatric dentist in West syndrome rehabilitation: A case report
Authors: Mehrotra Deepshikha , Nayak Prajna P. , Naik Shilpa Shetty , Krishna Nidhish
Published: August 2024

Aim

West syndrome is characterized by a triad of infantile spasms, arrested psychomotor development, and pronounced paroxysmal electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities, notably hypsarrhythmia. This case report aims to discuss the various considerations and strategies for the dental management of a child with West syndrome.

Method and Result

This report focuses on a case of a 5‐year‐old girl diagnosed with West Syndrome who presented for her first dental visit with complaints of pain and swelling in the right posterior tooth region for the past three weeks. Due to frequent seizure episodes, neuropsychomotor delay, and multiple dental treatment needs, comprehensive full‐mouth rehabilitation was performed under general anesthesia.

Conclusion

Awareness of syndromes like West syndrome equips dentists to better manage children with complex conditions. Additionally, parental counselling and early preventive measures can significantly reduce the added burden of dental diseases in these patients.
In vitro efficacy of lavender oil, otological gel and gentamicin to eradicate biofilm produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Mourão Ana , Serrano Isa , Cunha Eva , Tavares Luís , Lourenço Ana , Oliveira Manuela
Published: August 2024

Background

Otitis externa (OE) is one of the most frequently diagnosed dermatological diseases in dogs, having a multifactorial aetiology. Among the bacterial agents associated with canine OE, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is of special concern owing to its frequent multidrug resistance profile and ability to form biofilms related to the infection's chronicity and recurrence.

Objectives

The main objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the antibiofilm activity of two innovative antimicrobials—an otological gel containing a synthetic antimicrobial peptide and Lavandula angustifolia essential oil—with gentamicin (a conventional antibiotic) using biofilm‐producing P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from dogs with OE.

Materials and Methods

The biofilm eradication capacity of gentamicin, otological gel and lavender oil was determined against a collection of 12 P. aeruginosa biofilm‐producers among 35 clinical isolates obtained from the ear canals of dogs with OE. Also, the antimicrobial activity of the otological gel against P. aeruginosa biofilms was assessed in an in vitro model of dog cerumen.

Results

Lavender oil showed the best effectiveness after 30 min of contact, eradicating 58.3% (seven of 12) of the isolates, and gentamicin showed full eradication (12 of 12) after 24 h. The otological gel acted more slowly than the lavender oil; yet at 24 h, the antibiofilm capacity of both compounds was similar, with no significant difference between them. It also was found that triglycerides from synthetic cerumen earwax had antipseudomonal activity and, when combined with the otological gel, led to the full eradication of P. aeruginosa.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

The results of this in vitro study indicate that lavender oil and the otological gel may be effective topical treatments for canine OE promoted by P. aeruginosa biofilm‐producers, as alternatives to gentamicin.
Identification of cross‐reactive allergens between the Dermatophagoides farinae house dust mite and the Toxocara canis nematode in dogs with suspected allergies
Authors: Olivry Thierry , Mas‐Fontao Ana , Jacquenet Sandrine , Aumayr Martina , Tsukui Toshihiro , Gomord Véronique , Faye Loïc , Favrot Claude
Published: August 2024

Background

Immunoglobulin (Ig)E cross‐reactivity has been shown between Dermatophagoides farinae (Df; house dust mite) and the nematode Toxocara canis (Tc), yet its allergen basis is unknown.

Objectives

To identify the Df allergens IgE‐cross‐reactive with those of Tc.

Animals

Archived sera from 73 dogs with suspected allergy sensitised to Df.

Materials and Methods

We performed a combination of Pet Allergy Xplorer (PAX) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) inhibitions with excretory–secretory and somatic (i.e. nematode body) extracts of Tc or recombinant Tc tropomyosin on coats of Df, Der f 15 and Zen‐1 (ELISA) or PAX allergens.

Results

The ELISA and PAX inhibitions established that there is mutual yet variable cross‐reactivity between the Tc excretory–secretory extract, purified Der f 15 and purified Zen‐1. This cross‐reactivity is likely to involve cross‐reactive glycans, as there is no inhibition between the Tc excretory–secretory extract and recombinant Der f 15 without its predicted natural O‐glycans. We also confirmed a heterogeneous cross‐reactivity between the somatic Tc extract and Der p 11 (paramyosin), as well as between the recombinant Toxo c 3 and Der p 10 tropomyosins. The cross‐reactivity among tropomyosins and paramyosins is likely to involve peptidic epitopes, as these recombinant allergens are not glycosylated.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

In dogs with suspected allergies, the cross‐reactivity between Tc and Df for dogs is complex and heterogeneous. Some of the cross‐reactive IgE recognises shared glycans on Der f 15 and Zen‐1, while some targets peptidic epitopes on shared paramyosins and tropomyosins. We do not exclude that additional cross‐reactive allergens between Df and Tc also might exist.
Marcas de cantería y signos cruciformes en la iglesia Santa Ana de Yauri, provincia de Espinar (Cusco, Perú)
Authors: Carreño-Collatupa Raúl
Published: August 2024

El patrimonio gliptográfico de la iglesia de Santa Ana de Yauri, capital de la provincia cusqueña de Espinar, involucra dos tipos de grabados: marcas de cantería y signos cruciformes. La función de las primeras está bien determinada en tanto signos de identificación y contabilidad de los sillares entregados por diferentes alarifes. La presencia de las cruces resulta más intrigante, por cuanto ellas no parecen tener una función apotropaica, pudiendo más bien estar relacionada a expresiones devocionales. Resulta evidente que los signos cruciformes son posteriores a las marcas; estas fueron seguramente grabadas durante la construcción de la iglesia original, entre los siglos XVII y XVIII, que sufrió luego varios derrumbes. El edificio actual —que aprovechó los cimientos y parte de los muros de aquella— data de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y no se descarta que al menos parte de las marcas correspondan a ese tiempo. Muchos de estos signos fueron afectados por el raspaje perpetrado durante la restauración del conjunto eclesiástico, hace unos quince años, intervención que también destruyó pictogramas del estilo rupestre Espinar colonial.
La sostenibilidad de las artesanías de madera: caso de Rayón, Estado de México
Authors: Díaz Castañeda Alejandra , Serrano-Barquín Rocío del Carmen
Published: August 2024

Dentro del patrimonio cultural, destacan las artesanías de madera, dado que forman parte de la identidad local y se caracterizan como un sector pujante y sostenible que fomenta el crecimiento económico y la valorización de la cultura. Así, se realizó un estudio de corte cualitativo de las artesanías de madera de Rayón, México, desde los ejes de la sostenibilidad: el sociocultural, el económico y el ecológico, que incluye el perfil de los artesanos y sus principales problemáticas. Los resultados arrojaron que las artesanías son una expresión cultural que se transmite intergeneracionalmente y que su incorporación al circuito económico incluye la participación en desfiles de moda a nivel internacional. Lo anterior refleja su innovación y creatividad, además, pone en evidencia la importancia de los procesos de certificación de madera y la necesaria protección a los derechos de autor.
High-Volume Production of Repeatable High Enhancement SERS Substrates Using Solid-State Superionic Stamping
Authors: Sultana Papia , Qian Boqiang , Son ChangHee , Kim Seho , Mensing Glennys , Ferreira Placid
Published: August 2024

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is emerging as a powerful tool for detecting and identifying chemical and biological substances because of its high sensitivity, specificity, speed, and label-free detection. For SERS substrates to be effective in sensing applications, they must exhibit reproducible and robust high signal enhancement and cost-effective scalability. This article introduces a highly sensitive, large-area silver SERS substrate patterned with a uniform array of 3D retroreflecting inverted pyramids and develops a manufacturing pathway for it, using a novel and facile electrochemical imprinting process called solid-state superionic stamping (S4). Substrates, approximately 4 mm2 in area, are produced and tested with 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl) ethylene (BPE). Uniformly high and reproducible spatially averaged enhancement factor (EF), typically around a value of 2 × 107 with a relative standard deviation of 6.7% and a high batch-to-batch repeatability with a relative standard deviation of 10.5% between batches were observed. Passivating a substrate's surface with atomically thin layers of alumina, deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD) was effective in maintaining the EF constant over a 60-day period, albeit with a trade-off between its EF and its lifespan. S4 has the potential to make substrates with EF consistently greater than 107 available at a cost of $1 to $2 per substrate, allowing SERS to be adopted across a wide spectrum of high-volume applications, including security, food safety, medical diagnostics, and chem-bio analysis.
Debonding Fiber Damage Mechanism Modeling for Machining Damage Inhibition During Rotary Ultrasonic Face Grinding SiO2f/SiO2
Authors: Yao Longxu , Liu Zhanqiang , Song Qinghua , Wang Bing , Cai Yukui , Luan Qiang , Wang Hongxin
Published: August 2024

The debonding fiber defects on the grinding surface of SiO2f/SiO2 ceramic matrix composites deteriorate the service performance of related components. The low-damage process window is the key information to suppress machining damage by controlling grinding parameters. A mechanism model for debonding fiber damage on SiO2f/SiO2 surface was first proposed in this paper by the large deformation analysis for SiO2 fibers during rotary ultrasonic face grinding (RUFG). The established mechanism model built a bridge between grinding parameters and damage inhibition by integrating the ultrasonic stress effect, grinding force calculation, and critical fracture curvature cutting-off criterion of SiO2 fibers. The modeling mechanism for fiber deformation and fracture in grinding was validated by in situ observation of single abrasive grit scratching experiments. Besides, the low debonding damage process window predicted by the model was verified by experimental results and could be adopted to suppress the debonding fiber damage in grinding. The affected mechanism of fiber orientation, ultrasonic amplitude, and fiber-matrix interface strength on the low debonding damage process window was analyzed based on the theoretical and experimental results. The damage inhibition effect of the RUFG process was limited by the low fiber-matrix interface strength and axial cutter-relieving movement component. The ultrasonic-assisted vibration exerted its auxiliary effects through the ultrasonic stress effect and force reduction effect. The prerequisite for exerting the damage inhibition effect of RUFG was that the fiber-matrix interface strength was sufficient to resist the negative influence of the ultrasonic stress effect.
A Surrogate Model to Predict Stress Intensity Factor of Tubular Joint Based on Bayesian Optimization Gaussian Process Regression
Authors: Leng Jiancheng , Zhang Jiajia , Zhang Jinbo , Chen Zitong
Published: August 2024

The tubular joints located in the splash zone of the jacket platform are prone to damage or even crack due to long-term loads such as wind, wave, and current. If the crack development is not monitored and tracked, serious consequences will be caused. Aiming at the problem of long calculation time and low efficiency of stress intensity factor (SIF) in fracture mechanics, a method based on Gaussian process regression is proposed to construct the SIF surrogate model of tubular joints. By conducting mechanical simulation analysis on the tubular joint of the jacket platform under extreme storm load conditions, the dangerous position of the tubular joint is determined, cracks are introduced, and crack propagation simulation is carried out to obtain training data for the surrogate model. The Gaussian process regression surrogate model is established based on the composite kernel function, and the Bayesian optimization is introduced to optimize the hyper-parameters of the kernel function to determine the optimal surrogate model and verify the accuracy. The results show that the maximum mean relative error (MRE) of the SIF obtained by the proposed method is 4.94%, and the average value of MRE is only 0.41%. At the same time, the calculation time is reduced from about 4 h to 2.9 s, providing a method reference for real-time prediction of crack growth of jacket platform under the background of digital twin.
On the Study of Impact Plasto-Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Point Contact Problems Lubricated With Non-Newtonian Lubricant
Authors: Chen Hsing-Yi , Li Wang-Long
Published: August 2024

In this study, the impact of a rigid ball on a substrate with lubricant in between is examined. A linear hardening model for the elastic/plastic substrate deformation is assumed. A power-law model is used to describe the lubricant rheology. Throughout the impact period, variations in the pressure distribution, the film thickness distribution, the velocity of a rigid ball, the impact load, the von Mises stress distribution, and the plastic strain distribution on the substrate are calculated. The special cases of ET = E in the present impact plasto-elastohydrodynamic lubrication (PEHL) results are in good agreement with previous impact elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) results using a power-law model. The variation of central pressure over time in the PEHL model is flatter and lower compared to that in the EHL model. The significant difference shows that the plastic deformation mechanism should be considered in the simulation. The results indicate that as the flow index (n) increases, the central pressure and central film thickness increase, the pressure spike occurs earlier, and the rigid ball's rebounding velocity and maximum impact load decrease. Moreover, as the tangent modulus of the linear hardening model of the substrate increases, the rigid ball's rebounding velocity and the maximum impact load increase, and the substrate deformation and plastic strain decrease.
Static Characteristics and Dynamic Coefficients of a Gas–Oil-Lubricated Journal Bearing Under a Pressurized Refrigerant Environment
Authors: Wang Che , Zhang Zhaodong , Huang Yuhua , Zhao Zibo , Zhong Hua , Wu Jianhua
Published: August 2024

The journal bearing is pivotal for the advancement of refrigerant compressors. While the gas–oil lubrication mechanism has been explored in some previous studies, the dynamic coefficients of gas–oil-lubricated bearings in pressurized refrigerant environments remain understudied. This article introduces a comprehensive analysis that extends the solubility-based compressible Reynolds equation (CRE) to derive the perturbed pressure in response to journal displacement and velocity. The approach generalizes the partial differential CRE (PDCRE) to calculate the dynamic coefficients, offering new insights into the dynamic coefficients of gas–oil-lubricated journal bearings under high-pressure conditions. The results delineate a notable elevation in the attitude angles under a pressurized refrigerant environment. It is also observed that the direct stiffness and coupled damping coefficients of two-phase bearings, especially under light-load scenarios, are significantly higher than the results from low-ambient pressure scenarios. Besides, higher rotational speeds increase the Sommerfeld number and attitude angle, yet concurrently reduce the stiffness and damping coefficients. The numerical results indicate that the characteristics of the investigated gas–oil-lubricated journal bearing are significantly different from those in atmospheric conditions, which should be meticulously considered in the bearing design and simulation of a high-pressure compressor.
A Modular Cervical Retractor System for Multilevel ACDF Surgeries
Authors: Scheerer Sarah , Rainey Rebecca , Darden Jordan , Olasunkanmi Adeolu , Arena Christopher B.
Published: August 2024

In the United States, approximately 132,000 Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) surgeries are performed every year [2]. It is one of the most common spine surgeries performed on patients who are experiencing pain, numbness, and weakness in their neck, shoulders, and arms caused by herniated intervertebral discs compressing their spinal cord or nerve roots. ACDF surgeries can be single level, removing one intervertebral disc and fusing the vertebrae, or multilevel, two to five intervertebral discs removed and vertebra fused. To reach the cervical spine anteriorly, surgeons must move the surrounding anatomy using a retractor system. This provides a visualization window and protection of the surrounding anatomy. Many of the current retractor systems on the market are designed for single level surgeries; however, multilevel surgeries are more common. Current retractor designs leave patients receiving multilevel surgeries at risk for surgical device accidents or related incidents during surgery and are bulky, limiting the surgeons’ mobility. To resolve this need, we have designed a modular retractor system with a sleek, rectangular design that will accommodate multiple blades of varying widths to protect the surrounding anatomy and significantly reduce the space consumed. An ImageJ analysis showed that the newly designed modular retractor is over 50% smaller in area compared to retractors currently in use. Future design development is underway to better accommodate the patient’s jaw for access to higher level discs and to refine the blade-to-vertebrae connection.
Is the linear relationship between the slope and intercept observed in field emission S-K plots an artifact?
Authors: Ayari Anthony , Vincent Pascal , Perisanu Sorin , Poncharal Philippe , Purcell Stephen T.
Published: August 2024

The performance of field emitters is usually analyzed by linear fitting of a Fowler–Nordheim plot. It has sometimes been observed that the fitted slopes and intercepts show a strong correlation, but no convincing explanation has been provided. We propose a simple model showing that this correlation is due to fluctuations in the slope and the fact that the experiments are carried out over a defined range of voltage and current. By performing a meta-analysis, we show that this explanation correctly predicts the results of other groups in this field.
Molecular beam epitaxy growth and characterization of ScGaN epilayers
Authors: Fathabadi Milad , Vafadar Mohammad Fazel , Martel Eli , Zhao Songrui
Published: August 2024

Scandium (Sc) containing III-nitrides (Sc-III-nitrides) have emerged as a new member of the ferroelectric material family. Recent years have also witnessed the exploration of Sc-III-nitrides for device applications beyond ferroelectrics, e.g., photonic devices. In this context, it is important to understand the optical properties of Sc-III-nitrides. Herein, we report the molecular beam epitaxy growth and characterization of ScxGa1−xN (ScGaN) epilayers on AlN-on-sapphire template over a wide range of Sc contents from x = 0.08 to 0.50. Notably, the room temperature photoluminescence (PL) is reported for the first time from ScGaN epilayers, and its correlation to the structural properties as well as the underlying PL emission mechanisms are further discussed. Briefly, room temperature photoluminescence is measured for the samples with x < 0.33, and no defect PL is measured in the visible range. The PL peak energies further correlate very well to the optical bandgap energies derived from the ultraviolet-vis absorbance experiments. These energies are consistent with the transmission electron microscopy studies in that the majority phase of the present epilayers is wurtzite (WZ). Nonetheless, these energies are smaller than the theoretical predictions for the ScGaN epilayers in the pure WZ phase. Besides the presence of the zincblende phase nanoclusers and additional strain effects being the reasons, the presence of defect states within the bandgap could be another reason. These unveiled corrected structural and optical properties could facilitate the development of the Sc-III-nitride based devices beyond ferroelectrics.
The Effects of Social Support on Athlete Burnout and Well-Being in Female Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Gray Haleigh , Moran Ryan N. , Elder Elizabeth , Wilkerson Amanda , Chaney Elizabeth , Gilmore-Childress Ginger , Wallace Jessica
Published: August 2024

Context: Psychological concerns, such as athlete burnout and diminished well-being, have become a more recognized problem among collegiate student-athletes due to substantial demands. The purpose of this study was to determine if (1) an association exists between athlete burnout and well-being in female collegiate student-athletes and (2) social support has a main or buffering-effect on well-being and athlete burnout. Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: 174 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female collegiate student-athletes were recruited from a single institution to participate. A web-based survey was distributed via Qualtrics during the middle of an academic semester. The following scales were utilized to evaluate social support, athlete burnout, and well-being: Perceived Available Support in Sport Questionnaire, Athlete Burnout Questionnaire, and Warwick Edinburgh Metal Well-Being Scale. Results: Correlation analyses presented a significant negative, moderate correlation (r = −.58, P < .001) between athlete burnout and well-being as well as between social support and athlete burnout (r = −.526, P < .001). A moderate, positive correlation was identified between social support and well-being (r = .604, P < .001). Social support was a significant predictor for reduced sense of accomplishment (F1,172 = 68.32, P < .001), physical and emotional exhaustion (F1,172 = 22.00, P < .001), sport devaluation (F1,172 = 56.51, P < .001), and well-being (F1,172 = 115.3, P < .001). Conclusion: Findings provide new information on theory-based considerations for reducing athlete burnout and improving well-being in female collegiate student-athletes.
Helicity-directed recognition of bacterial phospholipid via radially amphiphilic antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Liang Yangbin , Zhang Yuhao , Huang Yu , Xu Cheng , Chen Jingxian , Zhang Xinshuang , Huang Bingchuan , Gan Zhanhui , Dong Xuehui , Huang Songyin , Li Chengrun , Jia Shuyi , Zhang Pengfei , Yuan Yueling , Zhang Houbing , Wang Yucai , Yuan Bing , Bao Yan , Xiao Shiyan , Xiong Menghua
Published: August 2024

The fundamental differences in phospholipids between bacterial and mammalian cell membranes present remarkable opportunities for antimicrobial design. However, it is challenging to distinguish bacterial anionic phospholipid phosphatidylglycerol (PG) from mammalian anionic phosphatidylserine (PS) with the same net charge. Here, we report a class of radially amphiphilic α helix antimicrobial peptides (RAPs) that can selectively discriminate PG from PS, relying on the helix structure. The representative RAP, L
10
-MMBen, can direct the rearrangement of PG vesicles into a lamellar structure with its helix axis parallel to the PG membrane surface. The helical structure imparts both the thermodynamic and kinetic advantages of L
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-MMBen/PG assembly, and the hiding of hydrophobic regions in RAPs is crucial for PG recognition. L
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-MMBen exhibits high selectivity against bacteria depending on PG recognition, showing low in vivo toxicity and significant treatment efficacy in mice infection models. Our study introduces a helicity-direct bacterial phospholipid recognition paradigm for designing highly selective antimicrobial peptides.