bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Climate Change on Service Life of High Volume Fly Ash Concrete Subjected to Carbonation—A Korean Case Study
Authors: Park Ki-Bong , Wang Xiao-Yong
Published: January 2017

The increase in CO2 concentrations and global warming will increase the carbonation depth of concrete. Furthermore, temperature rise will increase the rate of corrosion of steel rebar after carbonation. On the other hand, compared with normal concrete, high volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete is more vulnerable to carbonation-induced corrosion. Carbonation durability design with climate change is crucial to the rational use of HVFA concrete. This study presents a probabilistic approach that predicts the service life of HVFA concrete structures subjected to carbonation-induced corrosion resulting from increasing CO2 concentrations and temperatures. First, in the corrosion initiation stage, a hydration-carbonation integration model is used to evaluate the contents of the carbonatable material, porosity, and carbonation depth of HVFA concrete. The Monte Carlo method is adopted to determine the probability of corrosion initiation. Second, in the corrosion propagation stage, an updated model is proposed to evaluate the rate of corrosion, degree of corrosion for cover cracking of concrete, and probability of corrosion cracking. Third, the whole service life is determined considering both corrosion initiation stage and corrosion propagation stage. The analysis results show that climate change creates a significant impact on the service life of durable concrete.
Costs, Benefits and Challenges of Sustainable Livestock Intensification in a Major Deforestation Frontier in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Garcia Edenise , Ramos Filho Fábio , Mallmann Giovanni , Fonseca Francisco
Published: January 2017

Extensive livestock production is a major deforestation driver in the Brazilian Amazon. This study presents an assessment of the economic and environmental feasibility of sustainable livestock intensification in São Félix do Xingu municipality, a deforestation frontier with an area of more than 8.5 million hectares, and home to the largest cattle herd in Brazil. Proposed intensification was limited to approximately three animal units per hectare to avoid negative environmental impacts. Transition costs to sustainable cattle intensification were estimated for thirteen pilot farms taking into account adoption of good agriculture practices, pasture maintenance/restoration, and restoration of environmental liabilities. To move to sustainable intensification practices, a mean total annual investment of US$1335/ha ± US$619/ha would be necessary, varying from US$750 to US$2595/ha. Internal rate of return and net present value estimates indicated that the sustainable livestock intensification approach proposed was profitable in farms with more than 400 hectares of pastureland, but not in those where the pasture areas were smaller than 150 hectares. Livestock sustainable intensification also had the potential to promote social and environmental benefits, including a 54% increase in the number of contract workers, improvement of landowners’ managerial skills, and workers’ training, in addition to avoiding emission of 1.9 Mt CO2eq and sequestration of 0.36 Mt CO2eq. We conclude that the sustainable intensification of pasture areas has the potential to prevent further deforestation in the Amazon while generating social and other environmental benefits.
Facilitation as a Governance Strategy: Unravelling Governments’ Facilitation Frames
Authors: Grotenbreg Sanne , Van Buuren Arwin
Published: January 2017

Governments increasingly choose facilitation as a strategy to entice others to produce public goods and services, including in relation to the realisation of sustainable energy innovations. An important instrument to implement this governance strategy is discursive framing. To learn how public authorities use discursive framing to implement a facilitation strategy, we conducted a comparative case study on two Dutch examples in which the government aims to facilitate non-governmental actors to exploit public waterworks for the production of renewable energy. Using content analysis, we identify ten ‘facilitation frame’ elements. We find two configurations of elements: restrained facilitation and invitational facilitation, which both have their advantages, ambivalences and drawbacks. It is often unclear what governments want to achieve and what they have to offer in terms of facilitation. The (discursively) offered support, ranging from ‘giving space’ to ‘creating beneficial conditions’, is often elusive. We conclude that, to avoid deadlock, false expectations and the inactiveness of external actors, the government’s communication should both enthuse and inform these actors about what they can expect. If, however, the potential, non-governmental initiators just lack the necessary capacity to act, there is only so much discursive framing can do. Then authorities should reconsider their ‘facilitative’ role.
Iterative Speedup by Utilizing Symmetric Data in Pricing Options with Two Risky Assets
Authors: Pak Dohyun , Han Changkyu , Hong Won-Tak
Published: January 2017

The Crank–Nicolson method can be used to solve the Black–Scholes partial differential equation in one-dimension when both accuracy and stability is of concern. In multi-dimensions, however, discretizing the computational grid with a Crank–Nicolson scheme requires significantly large storage compared to the widely adopted Operator Splitting Method (OSM). We found that symmetrizing the system of equations resulting from the Crank–Nicolson discretization help us to use the standard pre-conditioner for the iterative matrix solver and reduces the number of iterations to get an accurate option values. In addition, the number of iterations that is required to solve the preconditioned system, resulting from the proposed iterative Crank–Nicolson scheme, does not grow with the size of the system. Thus, we can effectively reduce the order of complexity in multidimensional option pricing. The numerical results are compared to the one with implicit Operator Splitting Method (OSM) to show the effectiveness.
Novel Approach for Isolation and Identification of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) Strain NJ Using Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Shi Wen , Jia Shuo , Zhao Haiyuan , Yin Jiyuan , Wang Xiaona , Yu Meiling , Ma Sunting , Wu Yang , Chen Ying , Fan Wenlu , Xu Yigang , Li Yijing
Published: January 2017

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which is the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea in China and other countries, is responsible for serious economic losses in the pork industry. Inactivated PEDV vaccine plays a key role in controlling the prevalence of PEDV. However, consistently low viral titers are obtained during the propagation of PEDV in vitro; this represents a challenge to molecular analyses of the virus and vaccine development. In this study, we successfully isolated a PEDV isolate (strain NJ) from clinical samples collected during a recent outbreak of diarrhea in piglets in China, using porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). We found that the isolate was better adapted to growth in IECs than in Vero cells, and the titer of the IEC cultures was 104.5 TCID50/0.1 mL at passage 45. Mutations in the S protein increased with the viral passage and the mutations tended towards attenuation. Viral challenge showed that the survival of IEC-adapted cultures was higher at the 45th passage than at the 5th passage. The use of IECs to isolate and propagate PEDV provides an effective approach for laboratory-based diagnosis of PEDV, as well as studies of the epidemiological characteristics and molecular biology of this virus.
Envelope Protein Mutations L107F and E138K Are Important for Neurovirulence Attenuation for Japanese Encephalitis Virus SA14-14-2 Strain
Authors: Yang Jian , Yang Huiqiang , Li Zhushi , Wang Wei , Lin Hua , Liu Lina , Ni Qianzhi , Liu Xinyu , Zeng Xianwu , Wu Yonglin , Li Yuhua
Published: January 2017

The attenuated Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) strain SA14-14-2 has been successfully utilized to prevent JEV infection; however, the attenuation determinants have not been fully elucidated. The envelope (E) protein of the attenuated JEV SA14-14-2 strain differs from that of the virulent parental SA14 strain at eight amino acid positions (E107, E138, E176, E177, E264, E279, E315, and E439). Here, we investigated the SA14-14-2-attenuation determinants by mutating E107, E138, E176, E177, and E279 in SA14-14-2 to their status in the parental virulent strain and tested the replication capacity, neurovirulence, neuroinvasiveness, and mortality associated with the mutated viruses in mice, as compared with those of JEV SA14-14-2 and SA14. Our findings indicated that revertant mutations at the E138 or E107 position significantly increased SA14-14-2 virulence, whereas other revertant mutations exhibited significant increases in neurovirulence only when combined with E138, E107, and other mutations. Revertant mutations at all eight positions in the E protein resulted in the highest degree of SA14-14-2 virulence, although this was still lower than that observed in SA14. These results demonstrated the critical role of the viral E protein in controlling JEV virulence and identified the amino acids at the E107 and E138 positions as the key determinants of SA14-14-2 neurovirulence.
Astrovirus Pathogenesis
Authors: Johnson Cydney , Hargest Virginia , Cortez Valerie , Meliopoulos Victoria , Schultz-Cherry Stacey
Published: January 2017

Astroviruses are a major cause of diarrhea in the young, elderly, and the immunocompromised. Since the discovery of human astrovirus type 1 (HAstV-1) in 1975, the family Astroviridae has expanded to include two more human clades and numerous mammalian and avian-specific genotypes. Despite this, there is still little known about pathogenesis. The following review highlights the current knowledge of astrovirus pathogenesis, and outlines the critical steps needed to further astrovirus research, including the development of animal models of cell culture systems.
Exposure to Photoperiod-Melatonin-Induced, Sexually-Activated Rams after Weaning Advances the Resumption of Sexual Activity in Post-Partum Mediterranean Ewes Lambing in January
Authors: Abecia José , Chemineau Philippe , Gómez Andrea , Palacios Carlos , Keller Matthieu , Delgadillo José
Published: January 2017

This study was aimed to determine whether the presence of sexually stimulated rams by photoperiodic and melatonin treatments can advance the resumption of post-partum sexual activity in Mediterranean ewes lambing in January and weaned at the end of the breeding season at 41°N, in March. Rams were exposed to two months of long days (16 h light/day) and given three melatonin implants at the end of the long days (sexually-activated rams; SAR). Control rams (CR) were exposed to the natural photoperiod. Thirty-six ewes weaned on 25 February were assigned to one of two groups. From 1 March to 30 June, one group was housed with four SAR males (SAR-treated; n = 18), and the other group (CR-treated; n = 18) was housed with four unstimulated rams. Ovulation was assessed once per week based on plasma progesterone concentrations. Estrus was monitored daily by marks left on ewes by rams’ harnesses. SAR-treated ewes had a shorter (p < 0.01) weaning–first estrus interval than CR-treated ewes (61 ± 17 days vs. 102 ± 47 days; mean date of first estrus after weaning on April 26 and June 6, respectively). The proportion of the ewes ovulating in April or May was higher (p < 0.05) in the SAR-treated group than in the CR-treated group. SAR-treated ewes resumed estrous activity sooner than CR-treated ewes such that, in April, May, and June, the proportion of females that exhibited estrus was higher (p < 0.01) in the SAR-treated group (72%, 89%, and 100%, respectively) than in the CR-treated group (17%, 44%, and 61%, respectively). In conclusion, the introduction at weaning of sexually activated rams advanced the resumption of estrous activity in ewes in spring. The practical implications of this work could be important in ewes adapted for intensive production and accelerated lambing systems.
Medical and psychosocial factors associated with antibiotic prescribing in primary care: survey questionnaire and factor analysis
Authors: Lee Tau-Hong , Wong Joshua GX , Lye David CB , Chen Mark IC , Loh Victor WK , Leo Yee-Sin , Lee Linda K , Chow Angela LP
Published: January 2017

Background

Acute upper respiratory infections (AURI) are the leading causes of antibiotic prescribing in primary care although antibiotics are often not indicated.

Aim

To gain an understanding of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of GPs in Singapore and the associated latent factors to guide the implementation of an effective programme to reduce antibiotic use in primary care.

Design and setting:

An anonymous survey on the KAP of antibiotic use in AURI of GPs in Singapore.

Method

KAP survey questionnaires were posted to all GPs from a database. To ascertain the latent factors affecting prescribing patterns, exploratory factor analysis was performed.

Results

Among 427 responses, 351 (82.2%) were from GPs working in private practice. It was found that 58.4% of GPs in the private versus 72.4% of those in the public sector recognised that >80% of AURIs were caused by viruses (P = 0.02). The majority of GPs (353/427; 82.7%) felt that antibiotics were overprescribed in primary care. Significant factors associated with low antibiotic prescribing were good medical knowledge and clinical competency (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.4 to 4.3), good clinical practice (aOR 2.7 [95% CI = 2.0 to 3.6]), availability of diagnostic tests (aOR 1.4 [95% CI = 1.1 to 1.8]), and desire to improve clinical practice (aOR 1.5 [95% CI = 1.2 to 1.9]). The conservative practice of giving antibiotics ‘to be on the safe side’ is significantly less likely to be associated with low antibiotic prescribing (aOR 0.7 [95% CI = 0.5 to 0.9]).

Conclusion

This is the first KAP survey on antibiotic prescribing for AURI among GPs in Singapore. With the latent factors identified, future interventions should be directed at addressing these factors to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing.
Phosphorus-doped silicon nanorod anodes for high power lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Yan Chao , Liu Qianru , Gao Jianzhi , Yang Zhibo , He Deyan
Published: January 2017

Heavy-phosphorus-doped silicon anodes were fabricated on CuO nanorods for application in high power lithium-ion batteries. Since the conductivity of lithiated CuO is significantly better than that of CuO, after the first discharge, the voltage cut-off window was then set to the range covering only the discharge–charge range of Si. Thus, the CuO core was in situ lithiated and acts merely as the electronic conductor in the following cycles. The Si anode presented herein exhibited a capacity of 990 mAh/g at the rate of 9 A/g after 100 cycles. The anode also presented a stable rate performance even at a current density as high as 20 A/g.
MULTIPLE CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS USING PRIORITISED INTERVAL TYPE-2 FUZZY AGGREGATION OPERATORS AND ITS APPLICATION TO SITE SELECTION
Authors: CHEN Ting-Yu
Published: January 2017

The theory of interval type-2 fuzzy sets provides an intuitive and computationally feasible method of addressing uncertain and ambiguous information in decision-making fields. This paper aims to develop a prioritised interval type-2 fuzzy aggregation operator and apply it to multiple criteria decision analysis with prioritised criteria. This paper considers situations in which a relationship between the criteria exists such that a lack of satisfaction by the higher priority criteria cannot be readily compensated by the satisfaction of lower priority criteria. This paper introduces the developed prioritised interval type-2 fuzzy aggregation operator to address the problem of criteria aggregation in this environment. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed operator, this paper provides a multiple criteria decision-making method that uses the prioritised interval type-2 fuzzy aggregation operator, and the method is illustrated with a practical application to landfill site selection.
CONTROLS-BASED APPROACH FOR EVALUATION OF INFORMATION SECURITY STANDARDS IMPLEMENTATION COSTS
Authors: OLIFER Dmitrij , GORANIN Nikolaj , KACENIAUSKAS Arnas , CENYS Antanas
Published: January 2017

According to the PricewaterhouseCoopers analysis, the average cost of a single information security and data protections breaches has increased twice during 2015 (Pricewaterhouse Coopers 2015). Amount of organizations who reported serious breach has also risen (from 9% in 2015 to 17% in 2016) (PricewaterhouseCoopers 2016). To achieve their goals criminals are using different techniques starting from Social engineering (phishing, whaling) and finishing with malware execution (such as ransomware) on target machines. Recent attacks (attack on Central Bank of Bangladesh, fraud attack on Mattel CEO and attack on Thailand state-run Government bank ATM) show, that criminals are very well organized, equipped and spend a lot of money and time to prepare their attacks. To protect themselves organizations are required to ensure security in depth principles and implement complex Security solutions, which are able to ensure the needed level of information security in appropriate costs. However, information security cost-benefits assessment is complicated, because of lack of structured cost-benefit methods and issues with comparing IT security solutions in light of prevailing uncertainties. Existing methods are oriented on processes, environment lifecycles or specific standard implementations. Because of that, existing methods do not cover all needed security areas and methods reusability is a complicated task. Trying to solve this issue, we have proposed a new method for information standards implementation costs evaluation, based on information security controls.
Long-lived Dust Asymmetries at Dead Zone Edges in Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Miranda Ryan , Li Hui , Li Shengtai , Jin Sheng
Published: January 2017

A number of transition disks exhibit significant azimuthal asymmetries in thermal dust emission. One possible origin for these asymmetries is dust trapping in vortices formed at the edges of dead zones. We carry out high-resolution, two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of this scenario, including the effects of dust feedback. We find that, although feedback weakens the vortices and slows down the process of dust accumulation, the dust distribution in the disk can nonetheless remain asymmetric for many thousands of orbits. We show that even after 104 orbits, or 2.5 Myr when scaled to the parameters of Oph IRS 48 (a significant fraction of its age), the dust is not dispersed into an axisymmetric ring, in contrast to the case of a vortex formed by a planet. This is because accumulation of mass at the dead zone edge constantly replenishes the vortex, preventing it from being fully destroyed. We produce synthetic dust emission images using our simulation results. We find that multiple small clumps of dust may be distributed azimuthally. These clumps, if not resolved from one another, appear as a single large feature. A defining characteristic of a disk with a dead zone edge is that an asymmetric feature is accompanied by a ring of dust located about twice as far from the central star.
H i-to-H2 Transition Layers in the Star-forming Region W43
Authors: Bialy Shmuel , Bihr Simon , Beuther Henrik , Henning Thomas , Sternberg Amiel
Published: January 2017

The process of atomic-to-molecular (H i-to-H2) gas conversion is fundamental for molecular-cloud formation and star formation. 21 cm observations of the star-forming region W43 revealed extremely high H i column densities, of 120–180

, a factor of 10–20 larger than predicted by H i-to-H2 transition theories. We analyze the observed H i with a theoretical model of the H i-to-H2 transition, and show that the discrepancy between theory and observation cannot be explained by the intense radiation in W43, nor be explained by variations of the assumed volume density or H2 formation rate coefficient. We show that the large observed H i columns are naturally explained by several (9–22) H i-to-H2 transition layers, superimposed along the sightlines of W43. We discuss other possible interpretations such as a non-steady-state scenario and inefficient dust absorption. The case of W43 suggests that H i thresholds reported in extragalactic observations are probably not associated with a single H i-to-H2 transition, but are rather a result of several transition layers (clouds) along the sightlines, beam-diluted with diffuse intercloud gas.
Probing the Broad-Line Region and the Accretion Disk in the Lensed Quasars HE 0435-1223, WFI 2033-4723, and HE 2149-2745 Using Gravitational Microlensing
Authors: Motta V. , Mediavilla E. , Rojas K. , Falco E. E. , Jiménez-Vicente J. , Muñoz J. A.
Published: January 2017

We use single-epoch spectroscopy of three gravitationally lensed quasars, HE 0435-1223, WFI 2033-4723, and HE 2149-2745, to study their inner structure (broad-line region [BLR] and continuum source). We detect microlensing-induced magnification in the wings of the broad emission lines of two of the systems (HE 0435-1223 and WFI 2033-4723). In the case of WFI 2033-4723, microlensing affects two “bumps” in the spectra that are almost symmetrically arranged on the blue (coincident with an Al iii emission line) and red wings of C iii]. These match the typical double-peaked profile that follows from disk kinematics. The presence of microlensing in the wings of the emission lines indicates the existence of two different regions in the BLR: a relatively small one with kinematics possibly related to an accretion disk, and another one that is substantially more extended and insensitive to microlensing. There is good agreement between the estimated size of the region affected by microlensing in the emission lines,

lt-day (red wing of C iv in HE 0435-1223) and

lt-day (C iii] bumps in WFI 2033-4723), and the sizes inferred from the continuum emission,

lt-day (HE 0435-1223) and

lt-day (WFI 2033-4723). For HE 2149-2745 we measure an accretion disk size

lt-day. The estimates of p, the exponent of the size versus wavelength (

), are 1.2 ± 0.6, 0.8 ± 0.2, and 0.4 ± 0.3 for HE 0435-1223, WFI 2033-4723, and HE 2149-2745, respectively. In conclusion, the continuum microlensing amplitude in the three quasars and chromaticity in WFI 2033-4723 and HE 2149-2745 are below expectations for the thin-disk model. The disks are larger and their temperature gradients are flatter than predicted by this model.
ΛCDM is Consistent with SPARC Radial Acceleration Relation
Authors: Keller B. W. , Wadsley J. W.
Published: January 2017

Recent analysis of the Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curve (SPARC) galaxy sample found a surprisingly tight relation between the radial acceleration inferred from the rotation curves and the acceleration due to the baryonic components of the disk. It has been suggested that this relation may be evidence for new physics, beyond ΛCDM. In this Letter, we show that 32 galaxies from the MUGS2 match the SPARC acceleration relation. These cosmological simulations of star-forming, rotationally supported disks were simulated with a WMAP3 ΛCDM cosmology, and match the SPARC acceleration relation with less scatter than the observational data. These results show that this acceleration relation is a consequence of dissipative collapse of baryons, rather than being evidence for exotic dark-sector physics or new dynamical laws.
Análise dos fundos setoriais: instrumentos legais e orçamentários do sistema de inovação brasileiro
Authors: Mikosz Vinicius Machado , De Almeida Junior Cesar , Alberton de Lima Isaura , Gonçalves da Silva Marcus Vinicius
Published: January 2017

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar os Fundos Setoriais, importante fonte de financiamento para o desenvolvimento da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (CT&I) no Brasil. Para tanto, inicia-se uma breve discussão sobre os diferentes sistemas de inovação existentes. Em seguida, de forma sintética, faz-se uma retomada histórica dos diferentes momentos da CT&I no Brasil, dando início ao percurso na década de 50, indo até os tempos mais recentes, sendo possível identificar as principais instituições e políticas públicas voltadas a CT&I. Por fim, com o intuito de apresentar e ressaltar o foco de atuação de cada um dos dezesseis fundos setoriais existentes no Brasil descreve-se a origem de seus recursos e as legislações pertinentes que regem cada fundo, de forma a contextualizar seus papéis estratégicos para o financiamento da CT&I no país. A metodologia é descritiva, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental de caráter exploratória. Os resultados apontam que os fundos setoriais têm possibilitado a implementação de centenas de novos projetos em instituições de ciência e tecnologia, constituindo-se um dos principais instrumentos do Governo Federal para alavancar o sistema de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação no Brasil.
Identificação da concepção ambiental dos moradores do entorno da lagoa central do município de Lagoa Alegre – PI
Authors: Reis Adriana Saraiva , Andrade Amanda Rejalma Moraes , Castro Isabela Melo , Moita Neto José Machado
Published: January 2017

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar a visão dos moradores do Município de Lagoa Alegre - PI sobre as mudanças sofridas pela lagoa central. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva de caráter quali-quantitativo em que foram realizadas visitas in loco e registros fotográficos da área em estudo para identificar a ação antrópica sobre o ambiente, além da aplicação de formulários aos moradores do entorno (com questionamentos sobre condições de saneamento local, utilização da lagoa para atividades diversas e competências para revitalização do manancial). De acordo com a visão dos moradores, ocorreram mudanças significativas na lagoa. Dessa forma, os impactos gerados nesse manancial precisam ser monitorados e minimizados, principalmente pelas autoridades locais, através da criação de projetos de gestão e educação ambiental que venham a auxiliar a sua revitalização, ações essas que podem colaborar para transformações sociais e ambientais.
Empreendimentos em terras indígenas no Brasil: as controvérsias da reparação por danos socioculturais
Authors: Rodrigues Carolina Augusta De Mendonça
Published: January 2017

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a controvérsia jurídica acerca da possibilidade de reparação às comunidades indígenas em razão da operação de rodovias em seus territórios, expressa na divergência de entendimentos entre as Procuradorias Federais Especializadas junto ao DNIT e à FUNAI. Nesse sentido, por meio de uma orientação teórico-metodológica focada na análise crítica das categorias de meio ambiente e de desenvolvimento presentes na legislação, o artigo discute de que forma essas definições interferem diretamente nos instrumentos jurídicos que permitem a restauração da qualidade de vida das populações afetadas. A pesquisa mostra que o perfil socioambientalista da Constituição Federal permite o enquadramento desses impactos como danos ambientais, o que autoriza o acesso a uma legislação especialmente mais protetiva do que as normas de responsabilidade civil.
Quadrilateral Space Syndrome With Involvement of the Tendon of the Latissimus Dorsi
Authors: Koga Ryuji , Furushima Kozo , Kusano Hiroshi , Hamada Junichiro , Itoh Yoshiyasu
Published: January 2017

Quadrilateral space syndrome (QSS) is the term used to describe axillary nerve palsy due to compression of the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex artery in the quadrilateral space. The precise pathophysiology of QSS is still unclear; hence, a consensus of diagnosis and treatment for QSS has not yet been achieved. The authors present the case of a 17-year-old male baseball player with symptoms of QSS, including right elbow and shoulder joint pain and upper limb numbness while throwing. The symptoms had worsened during baseball. Conservative management for 3 months failed to resolve the symptoms, so surgery was performed. Axillary nerve decompression resulted in functional improvement. The cause of QSS has been previously reported to be fibrous bands, the long head of the triceps, and Bennett lesions. However, the cause of QSS in this case was compression of the axillary nerve between the proximal humerus and the tendinous attachment of the latissimus dorsi. The authors incised a 10- to 15-mm segment of the medial edge of the tendinous insertion of the latissimus dorsi, which resulted in resolution of QSS symptoms. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(4):e714–e716.]
Periprosthetic Fractures in Megaprostheses: Algorithmic Approach to Treatment
Authors: Savvidou Olga D. , Sakellariou Vasileios I. , Megalooikonomou Panayiotis , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J.
Published: January 2017

With increases in both life expectancy and the number of patients with endoprosthetic replacements, more periprosthetic fractures are expected to occur. Periprosthetic fractures related to megaprostheses present a treatment challenge, with a high incidence (one-third of affected patients) of secondary revision as a result of prosthetic loosening, infection, nonunion, refracture, or even amputation. Efforts to improve endoprosthetic reconstruction should focus on preventing postoperative complications. Understanding the causes of complications and strategies to avoid them could lead to significant improvements in implant survival, limb function, and patient outcomes. This article presents a concise review of the current literature and an algorithmic approach to reconstruction of these complex injuries. [Orthopedics.2017; 40(3):e387–e394.]
Hospital Palliative Care Teams and Post-Acute Care in Nursing Facilities: An Integrative Review
Authors: Carpenter Joan G.
Published: January 2017

Although palliative care consultation teams are common in U.S. hospitals, follow up and outcomes of consultations for frail older adults discharged to nursing facilities are unclear. To summarize and critique research on the care of patients discharged to nursing facilities following a hospital-based palliative care consult, a systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, Ageline, and PsycINFO was conducted in February 2016. Data from the articles (
N
= 12) were abstracted and analyzed. The results of 12 articles reflecting research conducted in five countries are presented in narrative form. Two studies focused on nurse perceptions only, three described patient/family/caregiver experiences and needs, and seven described patient-focused outcomes. Collectively, these articles demonstrate that disruption in palliative care service on hospital discharge and nursing facility admission may result in high symptom burden, poor communication, and inadequate coordination of care. High mortality was also noted.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2017; 10(1):25–34.]
Comparative scanning electron microscope study of the degradation of a plasticized polyvinyl chloride waterproofing membrane in different conditions
Authors: Pedrosa A. , Del Río M.
Published: January 2017

This paper discusses the analysis of several samples of a plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-P) waterproofing membrane. The samples were extracted from different areas of the same flat roof, which was in service for over 12 years. An original sample of an identical PVC-P membrane that was not installed on the roof was also analyzed. The analysis of the materials was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). An elemental analysis of every sample was also performed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Micrographs and the elemental composition of the samples were compared with the data obtained in the analysis of the original sample. The results show dehydrochlorination of the polymer in two of the samples studied and great deterioration that was not visible to the naked eye in the sample that was totally exposed to the weather.
A QUALIDADE DA PRESTAÇÃO DE CONTAS DAS ENTIDADES DO TERCEIRO SETOR: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DE SUA RELAÇÃO COM O COMPORTAMENTO DOS DOADORES INDIVIDUAIS
Authors: Portulhak Henrique , Vaz Patricia Villa Costa , Delay Albino João , Pacheco Vicente
Published: January 2017

As organizações do Terceiro Setor exercem um importante papel social, econômico e político e atuam de forma relevante para o desenvolvimento de países ainda não considerados desenvolvidos. Porém, independente da sua área de atuação, são necessários esforços para a obtenção de recursos suficientes para a manutenção de suas atividades, sendo que a prestação de contas pode influenciar no comportamento das doações recebidas. A investigação questiona: qual a relação entre a qualidade da prestação de contas realizada por entidades do Terceiro Setor e o comportamento de doadores individuais? A qualidade da prestação de contas foi medida conforme Trussel e Parsons (2008), que a indicam como um constructo composto por eficiência, estabilidade, quantidade e reputação, e buscouse verificar se determinado eixo de qualidade da prestação de contas possui maior peso na decisão do doador individual, bem como se a forma de recebimento da prestação de contas e a disposição do doador individual em buscá-la possui influência na sua decisão ao prover recursos. Os resultados indicam que, de modo geral, os doadores atuais conseguem perceber maior qualidade nas prestações de contas do que os antigos doadores. Além disso, tanto os doadores atuais quanto os antigos que não recebem ou não receberam prestação de contas percebem mais qualidade do que os que já receberam ou recebem essa informação. Esta pesquisa busca destacar o potencial destas análises para a melhoria do Terceiro Setor, pois podem auxiliar as entidades no desenvolvimento de políticas e estratégias para a prestação de contas para diversos níveis de escopo.
Concessão das Rodovias Federais Brasileiras: Evidências de Ativos Órfãos
Authors: Salgado Samuel De Rezende , Wilbert Marcelo Driemeyer , Lima Diana Vaz de , Oliveira Wellington Alves de
Published: January 2017

Uma das utilizações dos contratos de concessão de serviço público no Brasil é no setor de infraestrutura rodoviária, existindo no âmbito federal 21 contratos de concessão de exploração de rodovias delegadas à iniciativa privada, totalizando aproximadamente 10 mil quilômetros, o que representa 12,6% da malha rodoviária federal. Considerando que nesse tipo de contrato o Governo não transfere a propriedade do ativo, mas apenas seu acesso ao concessionário para exploração de serviços públicos, o presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar em que entidade (pública ou privada) estão registradas as rodovias federais objeto de contratos de concessão. Para tratar a questão da pesquisa foram analisados os demonstrativos contábeis das 21 empresas concessionárias, ou do grupo controlador, e o Balanço Patrimonial da Agência Nacional de Transportes Terrestres (ANTT), todos referentes ao exercício de 2014. Os achados do estudo mostram que as rodovias federais brasileiras não estão registradas nem nos balanços públicos e nem nas demonstrações contábeis das empresas concessionárias, apresentando evidências de que esses ativos de infraestrutura de responsabilidade do Governo Federal brasileiro se enquadram na definição de ativos órfãos.
Improvement of Die Corner Inaccuracy of Inconel 718 Alloy Using Entropy Based GRA in WEDM Process
Authors: Chakraborty Sadananda , Bose Dipankar
Published: January 2017

Wire Electric Discharge Machining is one of the non-traditional machining process to develop and generate many complicated shapes with very much accuracy. Improper selection of cutting parameters may result in erroneous configuration and shapes. When cutting curve profile in WEDM process, it has been found out that the magnitude of corner inaccuracy in terms of uncut area at the corner of the die is much higher than the corner inaccuracy at the corner of the punch due to the excess material removal. In this study entropy based grey relation analysis has been used to identify the optimal cutting parameter for WEDM process. ANOVA has been adopted to distinguish the most consequential factors. Inconel 718 has been used as a work-piece material which is a new advance material and it has wide range of industrial application. The characteristics of the machined surfaces of Inconel 718 alloy have also been analyzed through scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Fracturing in HDR Geothermal System
Authors: Al-Mukhtar A.M.
Published: January 2017

Geothermal systems have a big draw as a provider for free thermal energy for electrical generation. The resource based on fracture networks that permit fluid circulation, and allow geothermal heat to be extracted. Most geothermal resources occur in rocks that posses lack fracture permeability and fluid circulation. Hence, the fluid will be heated due to the Hot Dry Rock (HDR). The flow is circulated through the cracks, and extracts the heat to the ground. The emphasis of the simulators is on the HDR and on the development of methods that produce the hydraulic fractures. Linear elastic fracture mechanics approach (LEFM) was used to predict the crack propagation for initial crack. Finite element method (FEM) is used to predict the maximum stress areas, hence, determining the crack initiation.
Factors limiting the gains of MDGs in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: KEY DETERMINANT AND PITFALLS FOR FRAGILE STATES
Authors: Ndaguba Emeka A. , Okarah Anthony , Ukanwah Chijioke Hope , Nebo Godwin , Ndaguba Solomon U.
Published: January 2017

The Human Development Index in 2013 ranked Democratic Republic of the Congo 186th out of 187 in the United Nations Development Programme. The categorization came as a result of the deteriorating conflict that pushed the country towards a failed state realm. According to the 2015 Fragility Index of thePeaceFund, Democratic Republic of the Congo was among the nations ranked on the high alert (highly vulnerable andvolatile),  consequently to as a result of non-provision of basic services. In addition to the deteriorating growth and development trajectory, infrastructural and systems failures have unabatedly limited service provision, resulting in inadequacies in humanitarian interventions. The study aims to evaluate the gains of MDGs in Democratic Republic of the Congo, taking into cognizance key deliverables, pitfalls, and prospects for development in fragile states. The study uses thematic reviews cushioned with elements of quantitative approach in providing answers to the study. On surface value, the study shows that 72% of rural households live in abject poverty. Additionally, more than 40% of children in rural areas suffer from chronic malnutrition, hunger and squalor. The study contends that without sustainable public institutions, systems and structure in the administration of services, DRC could likely remain in unending retrogression.
Comparison of three nucleic acid-based tests for detecting Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma centrale in cattle
Authors: Chaisi Mamohale E. , Baxter Janine R. , Hove Paidashe , Choopa Chimvwele N. , Oosthuizen Marinda C. , Brayton Kelly A. , Khumalo Zamantungwa T.H. , Mutshembele Awelani M. , Mtshali Moses S. , Collins Nicola E.
Published: January 2017

Several nucleic acid-based assays have been developed for detecting Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma centrale in vectors and hosts, making the choice of method to use in endemic areas difficult. We evaluated the ability of the reverse line blot (RLB) hybridisation assay, two nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assays and a duplex real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay to detect A. marginale and A. centrale infections in cattle (n = 66) in South Africa. The lowest detection limits for A. marginale plasmid DNA were 2500 copies by the RLB assay, 250 copies by the nPCR and qPCR assays and 2500, 250 and 25 copies of A. centrale plasmid DNA by the RLB, nPCR and qPCR assays respectively. The qPCR assay detected more A. marginale- and A. centrale-positive samples than the other assays, either as single or mixed infections. Although the results of the qPCR and nPCR tests were in agreement for the majority (38) of A. marginale-positive samples, 13 samples tested negative for A. marginale using nPCR but positive using qPCR. To explain this discrepancy, the target sequence region of the nPCR assay was evaluated by cloning and sequencing the msp1β gene from selected field samples. The results indicated sequence variation in the internal forward primer (AM100) area amongst the South African A. marginale msp1β sequences, resulting in false negatives. We propose the use of the duplex qPCR assay in future studies as it is more sensitive and offers the benefits of quantification and multiplex detection of both Anaplasma spp.
Tropospheric NO2 concentrations over West Africa are influenced by climate zone and soil moisture variability
Authors: Onojeghuo Ajoke R. , Balzter Heiko , Monks Paul S.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The annual cycles of soil moisture and NO2 have been analysed across the climate zones of West Africa using two satellite data sets (OMI on AURA and ASCAT on MetOp-A). Exploring the sources and sinks for NO2 it is clear that the densely populated urban cities including Lagos and Abuja had the highest mean NO2 concentrations (> 1.8 × 1015 molecules cm−2) indicative of the anthropogenic urban emissions. The data analysis shows that rising soil moisture levels may influence the sink of NO2 concentrations after the biomass burning. The results also show significant soil moisture changes in areas of high humidity especially in the east equatorial monsoon climate zone where most of the Niger delta is located (4 %/yr.). A decline in NO2 (0.9 %/yr.) was also observed in this climate zone. Beyond seasonal linear regression models, climate based Granger’s causality tests show that tropospheric NO2 concentrations from soil emissions in the arid steppe (Sahel) and arid desert climate zones of West Africa are significantly affected by soil moisture variability (F > 10, p  0.8 %/yr). The results demonstrate the critical sensitivity of the West African emissions of NO2 on soil moisture and climate zone.
Effects of mixing on resolved and unresolved scales on stratospheric
age of air
Authors: Dietmüller Simone , Garny Hella , Plöger Felix , Jöckel Patrick , Duy Cai
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Mean age of air (AoA) is a widely used metric to describe the transport along the Brewer-Dobson circulation. We seek to untangle the effects of different processes on the simulation of AoA, using the chemistry-climate model EMAC and the Lagrangian chemistry transport model CLaMS. Here, the effects of residual transport and two-way mixing on AoA are calculated. To do so, we calculate the residual circulation transit time (RCTT). The difference of AoA and RCTT is defined as aging by mixing. However, as diffusion is also included in this difference, we further use a method to directly calculate aging by mixing on resolved scales. Comparing these two methods of calculating aging by mixing allows for separating the effect of unresolved aging by mixing (which we term "aging by diffusion" in the following) in EMAC and CLaMS. We find that diffusion impacts AoA by making air older, but its contribution plays a minor role (order of 10 %) in all simulations. However, due to the different advection schemes of the two models, aging by diffusion has a larger effect on AoA and mixing efficiency in EMAC, compared to CLaMS. Regarding the trends in AoA, in CLaMS the AoA trend is negative throughout the stratosphere except in the northern hemisphere middle stratosphere, consistent with observations. This slight positive trend is neither reproduced in a free-running nor in a nudged simulation with EMAC – in both simulations the AoA trend is negative throughout the stratosphere. Trends in AoA are mainly driven by the contributions of RCTT and aging by mixing, whereas the contribution of aging by diffusion plays a minor role.
Organic carbon at a remote site of the western Mediterranean Basin: composition, sources and chemistry during the ChArMEx SOP2 field experiment
Authors: Michoud Vincent , Sciare Jean , Sauvage Stéphane , Dusanter Sébastien , Léonardis Thierry , Gros Valérie , Kalogridis Cerise , Zannoni Nora , Féron Anaïs , Petit Jean-Eudes , Crenn Vincent , Baisnée Dominique , Sarda-Estève Roland , Bonnaire Nicolas , Marchand Nicolas , DeWitt H. Langley , Pey Jorge , Colomb Aurélie , Gheusi François , Szidat Sonke , Stavroulas Iasonas , Borbon Agnès , Locoge Nadine
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The ChArMEx (Chemistry and Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment) SOP2 (Special Observation Period 2) field campaign took place from 15 July to 05 August 2013 in the western Mediterranean basin, at Ersa a remote site in Cape Corsica. During the campaign more than 80 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), including oxygenated species were measured by different online and offline techniques. At the same time an exhaustive description of the chemical composition of fine aerosols was performed. First we combined a back-trajectory analysis and an estimation of photochemical age to characterize air mass origins and chemical processing times, which confirmed the remote nature of the site. Therefore, low levels of anthropogenic VOCs (typically tens to hundreds of ppt for individual species) and black carbon (0.1–0.9 μg m
Impact of the Self-Attribution Bias on the Trading Activity: The Case of the Tunisian Stock Market
Authors: Boussaidi Ramzi
Published: January 2017

The self-attribution bias is the tendency of people to consider themselves as able to influence randomly-generated outcomes. Investors who exhibit such a bias tend to attribute market gains to their ability to select winning stocks and trade actively in the subsequent period. We examined this hypothesis in the Tunisian stock market before and after the 2011 revolution using a causality test between market trading volume and market return. We found that Tunisian investors tend to trade more after observing high market returns and trade less after poor market performance. In the wake of the Tunisian revolution, this effect persists for one-week horizon, but disappears for one-month horizon.
Assédio Moral em Estudantes Trabalhadores e sua Relação com o Bem-Estar no Trabalho
Authors: Jacoby Alessandra Rodrigues , Monteiro Janine Kieling
Published: January 2017

Este trabalho tem o intuito de investigar o assédio moral e as possíveis relações com o bem-estar notrabalho. Foram aplicados o Questionário Biosociodemográfico e Laboral, o Questionário de AtosNegativos - QAN e as Medidas de Bem-estar no Trabalho em 457 acadêmicos de graduação. Osresultados mostraram que há relação entre o assédio moral e as medidas de bem-estar no trabalho(p<0,05), indicando que a presença da violência psicológica causa uma diminuição no bem-estar laboral.Na análise de regressão linear, alguns atos negativos no trabalho foram preditores de duas dimensões dasmedidas de bem estar no trabalho. Estes resultados sugerem que a ocorrência de assédio moral estáassociada a menor satisfação e comprometimento no trabalho.
Considerações sobre o modelo de seleção pelas consequências: o que mudou em 28 anos?
Authors: Hunziker Maria Helena Leite
Published: January 2017

Este artigo compara dois conjuntos de textos publicados no Brasil, em 1 988 e 201 6, focados na análise domodelo de seleção pelas consequências proposto por Skinner. São apresentados os contextos acadêmicosem que os dois conjuntos foram produzidos, um breve resumo das principais contribuições de cada texto,fazendo uma comparação entre eles para vislumbrar a evolução que se deu na comunidade de analistas decomportamento no Brasil ao longo dos últimos 28 anos. No final, sugere-se que novas publicaçõespossam analisar dados experimentais recentes e sua compatibilidade com o nível ontogenético de seleçãopor consequências, complementando as considerações teórico-filosóficas aqui apresentadas em relação àseleção nos níveis filogenético e cultural.