bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Afterlife of Migrant Gifts
Authors: Mura Gökhan
Published: August 2023

This chapter discusses the cultural impact and adoption of migrant gifts as material remittances in Turkey. It presents a conceptual framework for exploring migration through the biographical stories of gifts brought from European countries to Turkey from the beginning of the planned Turkish labor migration in the 1960s. Gifts are a material medium to explore the change of value regimes as well as a medium to communicate migrant narratives. The perceived value of the migrant gift in its culture of origin shifts when it becomes a gift and is taken to Turkey not only because it inherits the exchange value as a gift but also because it inherits an exotic quality as it is brought to a country with a different material climate. Discussing the value shift and the adoption of the gift objects throughout their cultural biographies also enlightens us about the social and economic changes that were simultaneously occurring in Turkey.
Conceptualizing Remittance Affordances: Transformations of a Knife Across Borders
Authors: Ströhle Claudius
Published: August 2023

Research on remittances mainly focuses on the nexus of migration and development, economic effects on the places of origin, and motives for remitting. However, little is known about the materiality of remittances. Drawing on a multi-sited ethnography in Stubai Valley (Austria) and Usṃak (Turkey), this chapter introduces the concept of remittance affordances by following the spatial and temporal trajectories of a crucial type of material remittances in the encountered research field, namely knives and tools manufactured by the Stubai cooperative. It examines the transformative effects of migration on the involved actors and the built landscape. I argue that in order to be appropriated in the intended way, the remitted objects depend on certain criteria, such as impact of the transactors’ relations, which are historically accumulated and hierarchically constituted, on the material and biography of the object and the bodily incorporated practices of usage.
Transnational Society in Light of Environmental Change
Authors: Van Praag Lore
Published: August 2023

Transnational practices, including the sending and receiving of remittances, have increasingly attracted the attention of policy makers. Such practices are very appealing to them as they have the potential to reduce poverty in regions of origin and to constitute a significant share of national economies. This chapter aims to discuss how the governance of transnational practices, and of remittances in particular, might contribute to the mitigation of and adaptation to environmental change. A ‘migration as adaptation’ discourse here provides the general conceptual framework that connects transnational practices and environmental change together. This in turn assists reflection on the ways in which migrants might act as transformative agents in transnational societies when facing degrading natural environments, whether due to climate change or disasters.
Conclusion: A Transformative Perspective on Remittances—Towards the Future of Transnational Society
Authors: Ströhle Claudius , Meyer Silke
Published: August 2023

This final chapter questions remittances as a global success story and sheds light on possible trends of remittance economies. Highlighting recent developments like digitalization, the COVID-19 pandemic, environmental changes, and growing global inequality, we explore the shifts and effects of remittances on transnational society. To this end, we apply a transformative perspective, embedding remittances in the actors’ relations and analyzing their cohesive as well as disruptive effects from a temporal and spatial angle. Thus, we give an outlook on the possible future of transnational society in the context of historically generated global power relations.
The Confluence of Remittances and Transnational Islamic Charity
Authors: Erdal Marta Bivand
Published: August 2023

While remittances have received much attention in recent decades, interest in transnational Islamic charity is limited. This is an intriguing paradox, as remittances and Islamic charity are both substantial private monetary flows. This chapter explores the confluence of remittances and transnational Islamic charity in the transnational social field spanning Norway and Pakistan. These monetary transfers to family and friends include business investments, emergency assistance, school fees, and Islamic alms. The chapter draws on 97 semi-structured interviews with migrants and their descendants, as well as focus groups with 52 participants in Norway and Pakistan. The concept of remittance scripts is utilized as an analytical tool to investigate the confluence of remittances and transnational Islamic charity. Applying remittance scripts to transnational Islamic charity underscores the salience of relational, emotional, and material aspects. It adds temporal dimensions, which allow for a fresh perspective on social practices that encompass transcendental considerations and intergenerational change.
Remittances and the Destination State: A Comparison of Bangladeshi Migrants in Japan and the USA
Authors: Mahmud Hasan
Published: August 2023

Based on an ethnographic study of Bangladeshi migrants in Tokyo and Los Angeles, this chapter explores the role of the destination state in shaping remittances. It finds that the temporary character of the migration and family separation of migrants in Japan causes them to remit a greater portion of their income, whereas permanent settlement with the family and integration in the USA reduces remittances to just one-third of their income. This chapter explains these differences in terms of the destination state’s policies and practices toward the immigrants: whereas Japan allows migrant workers without offering permanent settlement, the USA invites Bangladeshi migrants to enter and permanently settle with their families and close relatives. By recognizing the destination state’s role in shaping remittances, this chapter expands our understanding of the remittances decay hypothesis and its implications for the migration-development nexus.
‘How Does Your Dementia Affect You?’
Authors: Ashworth Rosalie , Fyvel Sue , Hill Alyson , Maddocks Chris , Qureshi Masood , Ross David , Hay Stuart , Robertson Martin , Gilder Willy , Henry Winnie , Lamont Myra , Houston Agnes , Wilson Fred S.
Published: August 2023

This chapter is designed to draw attention to the types of dementia and how the different diagnoses can influence the brain and the body. The chapter offers some background information about the brain and myths surrounding dementia before taking the different types in turn. We have included some common features of the conditions alongside lived experience. Finally, the chapter explores experiences of diagnosis and questions how we might improve this process.
Kopf-Hals-Tumoren
Authors: Engelhardt Monika , Mertelsmann Roland , Duyster Justus
Published: August 2023

Das Kapitel 12 beinhaltet eine Zusammenstellung der am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg verwendeten Tumortherapie- und ggf. Studien-Protokolle der Entität Kopf-Hals-Tumoren. Der Kapitelinhalt orientiert sich an aktuellen Leitlinien und Therapieempfehlungen und spiegelt detailliert die Therapieabläufe inkl. Supportivtherapie der Freiburger Praxis wider.

Beim Erwerb von Einzelkapiteln muss folgendes beachtet werden:

Protokolle, die bei mehreren Entitäten angewandt werden können, sind aus technischen Gründen nur in jeweils einem Kapitel enthalten. Deshalb muss unter Umständen das Gesamtwerk konsultiert werden.

Erläuterungen zum praktischen Gebrauch der Protokollsammlung inkl. Dosismodifikationstabellen befinden sich im Kapitel 1 (Einleitung).
Protokolle zur Supportivtherapie
Authors: Engelhardt Monika , Mertelsmann Roland , Duyster Justus
Published: August 2023

Das Kapitel 34 beinhaltet eine Zusammenstellung der am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg verwendeten Protokolle zur Supportivtherapie in der Onkologie. Der Kapitelinhalt orientiert sich an aktuellen Leitlinien und Therapieempfehlungen und spiegelt detailliert die Therapieabläufe inkl. Supportivtherapie der Freiburger Praxis wider.

Beim Erwerb von Einzelkapiteln muss folgendes beachtet werden:

Protokolle, die bei mehreren Entitäten angewandt werden können, sind aus technischen Gründen nur in jeweils einem Kapitel enthalten. Deshalb muss unter Umständen das Gesamtwerk konsultiert werden.

Erläuterungen zum praktischen Gebrauch der Protokollsammlung inkl. Dosismodifikationstabellen befinden sich im Kapitel 1 (Einleitung).
An Overview of Our Research
Authors: Nakanishi Tomoko M.
Published: August 2023

More than 10 years have passed since the Fukushima nuclear accident. We, researchers in the agriculture department at the University of Tokyo, have begun to work right after the accident to determine the effect of radioactive materials on agricultural production, and still now, we are continuing the research, how radioactive cesium has been moving or what kind of problems are left in the environment, etc. Radioactive contamination was found everywhere in the environment after the accident. However, during these years, the radioactivity of the soil, rivers, or mountains gradually decreased. One of the reasons is decontamination of the place. Since radioactive cesium hardly moves from the place where it was adsorbed, the removal of the surface soil could reduce the radioactivity. Mixing the surface soil with deeper soil could also reduce the radioactivity in the field. The radioactivity of the agricultural products grown in the field was hardly detected a few years after the accident. Now, the only place where decontamination activities are difficult to perform is the mountain area, because the area is large, covering approximately 70% of Fukushima prefecture. Therefore, the radioactivity in the mountain is one of the issues that has grabbed the attention of the people now, and more research results related to the mountains are collected in this book compared to those of the former 3 books of this series already published.
Effect of Exchangeable and Nonexchangeable Potassium in Soil on Cesium Uptake by Quercus serrata Seedlings
Authors: Kobayashi Riona , Masumori Masaya , Tange Takeshi , Tanoi Keitaro , Kobayashi Natsuko I. , Miura Satoru
Published: August 2023

In general, potassium in soil greatly reduces radiocesium uptake by plants. Using four extraction methods, we investigated forms of potassium retained in soils from Quercus serrata (Konara oak) forests in nine regions across Japan to investigate the effect of potassium on the transfer factor of cesium in oaks. Of the potassium extracted with ammonium acetate (exchangeable K), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2-K), boiling nitric acid (HNO3-K), and tetraphenyl boric acid (TPB-K), HNO3-K, which is considered to be an indicator of nonexchangeable K content, showed the highest correlation with the transfer factor of cesium in Konara oak. H2O2-K showed the second highest correlation coefficient with cesium concentration in Konara oak. On the other hand, no significant correlation was found for exchangeable K with ammonium acetate solution, which is used to determine cesium uptake characteristics of crops. In addition, large variations were observed for all four forms of K. To determine characteristics of cesium uptake and transfer to trees, it is necessary to consider various forms of K, including nonexchangeable K.
Contribution of Cesium-Bearing Microparticles to Cesium in Soil and River Water of the Takase River Watershed and Their Effect on the Distribution Coefficient
Authors: Tatsuno Takahiro , Waki Hiromichi , Nagasawa Waka , Nihei Naoto , Murakami Masashi , Ohte Nobuhito
Published: August 2023

Radioactive cesium-bearing microparticles (CsMPs) are glassy particles containing large amounts of radioactive cesium (Cs, i.e., 134Cs and 137Cs). Because Cs in CsMPs is covered with insoluble glass, CsMPs may not release Cs into the liquid phase of river water. Previous studies have shown that CsMPs may drive overestimation of Cs transfer between the solid and liquid phases in rivers. In this study, we investigated the contribution of CsMPs to Cs concentrations in forest soil and river water in the Takase River watershed to explore the migration of CsMPs from a forest catchment and their effect on the distribution coefficient in the river water. The Cs concentration derived from CsMPs as a proportion of that in the bulk soil and particulate Cs in the river water was not large; therefore, CsMPs did not have a significant effect on the distribution coefficient. In forest soil, variation in the distribution of CsMPs in soil was greater than that in the distribution of Cs adsorbed onto soil particle. This variation might cause the Cs concentration derived from CsMPs flowing into rivers to vary more than the particulate Cs concentration. To elucidate CsMPs migration and its effects on the Cs concentration in the river, further research such as soil sampling to assess the spatial distribution of CsMPs in the watershed is needed.
Effects of Radioactive Cesium from Suspended Matter and Fallout on Agricultural Products
Authors: Nihei Naoto , Yoshimura Kazuya
Published: August 2023

After the accident at the Tokyo Electric Power Company’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, agriculture field decontamination has been considered to produce safe agricultural products. However, secondary contamination of agricultural products via fallout and suspended matter has not been contemplated in these counter measures. Therefore, we examined secondary contamination of crops in the area affected by the FDNPP accident. Radioactive cesium concentrations in Komatsuna cultivated using noncontaminated soil and water were affected by location of cultivation, height of cultivation, and whether the plants were washed or not. These results suggest that, depending on the region, secondary contamination of crops occurs due to the attachment of soil particles that rebounded from the ground by rainfall, and that radioactive cesium on the surface can be taken into the crop. By understanding the environmental and meteorological factors that increase the risk of contamination and the sources of secondary contamination, it is believed that future risks can be reduced.
Candidates for Breeding Target Genes Related to Cesium Transport in Plants After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident
Authors: Tanoi Keitaro
Published: August 2023

In this chapter, I summarize the knowledge about Cs+ transport genes in plants, which would be potential candidates for breeding targets of low-Cs crops. After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, vigorous studies about Cs transport in crops have revealed various Cs+ transport systems. Most reported Cs+ transport systems were potassium ion transporters (KUP/HAK/KT family), but some were free from potassium ion transport systems such as SNARE Sec22p/SEC22 and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins. Diversity of Cs+ transport systems would encourage projects of making low-Cs crops.
Graviton trispectrum from gluons
Authors: Armstrong C. , Goodhew H. , Lipstein A. , Mei J.
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The tree-level wavefunction coefficient for four gravitons in de Sitter space was recently bootstrapped using the Cosmological Optical Theorem, flat space limit, and Manifestly Local Test [1]. Inspired by the double copy for scattering amplitudes, we derive a compact new expression for this quantity starting from the wavefunction coefficient for gluons.
Heavy-quark spin symmetry breaking in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation
Authors: Bruschini R.
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Heavy-quark spin symmetry is explicitly broken by the mass splitting between a heavy-light pseudoscalar meson and its vector partner. This fact plays a pivotal role in the physics of states whose mass lies close to the threshold of an open-flavor meson pair, like X(3872). We show that this source of heavy-quark spin symmetry breaking can be systematically included within the diabatic representation of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. We verify that including all the appropriate coupled channels guarantees conservation of total angular momentum, parity, and charge-conjugation parity. This marks a fundamental step towards a unified, first-principles study of quarkonia and meson molecules with hidden flavor.
Entropy collapse versus entropy rigidity for Reeb and Finsler flows
Authors: Abbondandolo Alberto , Alves Marcelo R. R. , Sağlam Murat , Schlenk Felix
Published: August 2023

On every closed contact manifold there exist contact forms with volume one whose Reeb flows have arbitrarily small topological entropy. In contrast, for many closed manifolds there is a uniform positive lower bound for the topological entropy of (not necessarily reversible) normalized Finsler geodesic flows.
Cystine/glutamate antiporter System xc- deficiency impairs insulin secretion in mice
Authors: de Baat Axel , Meier Daniel T. , Rachid Leila , Fontana Adriano , Böni-Schnetzler Marianne , Donath Marc Y.
Published: August 2023

Aims/hypothesis

Glutamate-induced cytotoxicity (excitotoxicity) has been detected in pancreatic beta cells. The cystine/glutamate antiporter System xc- exports glutamate to the extracellular space and is therefore implicated as driving excitotoxicity. As of yet, it has not been investigated whether System xc- contributes to pancreatic islet function.

Methods

This study describes the implications of deficiency of System xc- on glucose metabolism in both constitutive and myeloid cell-specific knockout mice using metabolic tests and diet-induced obesity. Pancreatic islets were isolated and analysed for beta cell function, glutathione levels and ER stress.

Results

Constitutive System xc- deficiency led to an approximately threefold decrease in glutathione levels in the pancreatic islets as well as cystine shortage characterised by upregulation of Chac1. This shortage further manifested as downregulation of beta cell identity genes and a tonic increase in endoplasmic reticulum stress markers, which resulted in diminished insulin secretion both in vitro and in vivo. Myeloid-specific deletion did not have a significant impact on metabolism or islet function.

Conclusions/interpretation

These findings suggest that System xc- is required for glutathione maintenance and insulin production in beta cells and that the system is dispensable for islet macrophage function.

Graphical Abstract
Comparative evaluation of greenhouse gas emissions and specific energy consumption of different drying techniques in pear slices
Authors: Kaveh Mohammad , Çetin Necati , Gilandeh Yousef Abbaspour- , Sharifian Faroogh , Szymanek Mariusz
Published: August 2023

In recent years, global warming, climate change, and carbon emissions have emerged due to the uncontrolled use of fossil fuels and the lack of widespread use of renewable energy sources on a global scale. This research investigated specific energy consumption (SEC) and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions (carbon dioxide [CO2] and nitrogen oxides [NOX]) during the drying of pear samples by five different types of dryers, namely, convective (CV), infrared (IR), microwave (MW), combined IR/CV, and MW/CV. Moreover, the quality properties of dried pears, such as shrinkage, rehydration (RR), and color change were determined. The results showed that the highest shrinkage (72.53%) and color change (ΔE = 33.41) values were obtained in CV drying at 50 °C and thickness of 2 mm and IR dryer 1000 W and thickness of 6 mm, respectively. The greatest rehydration rate (4.25) was also determined in MW/CV drying at 450 W and an air temperature of 60 °C. The lowest SEC was observed for the MW/CV dryer with a power of 630 W and air temperature 70 °C (20.25 MJ/kg), while the highest SEC (267.61 MJ/kg) was obtained in the CV drying (50 °C, sample thickness of 6 mm). The highest CO2 and NOX emissions (GT-GO power plant) were 280.45 and 1.55 kg/kg water in the CV dryer at 50 °C and a thickness of 6 mm. In conclusion, the increases in IR and MW power and temperatures led to reduced CO2 and NOX emissions, while the increases in sample thickness led to increase CO2 and NOX emissions.
Attitudes toward Wind Power in Norway–Solution or Problem in Renewable Energy Development?
Authors: Kaltenborn Bjørn P. , Keller Rose , Krange Olve
Published: August 2023

Wind power has become an increasingly important source of renewable energy in Norway. Current demand and production capacity have exceeded expectations stipulated in energy policies a few years back. Wind power affects landscape characteristics, and the rapid development has created considerable public conflict. However, knowledge to date about public attitudes toward wind power development in Norway is limited. We surveyed a representative sample of the Norwegian public to examine relationships between wind power development and place attachment, localization, and policies. We also examined if attitudes toward wind power are linked to broader environmental attitudes and meaning of place. Public attitudes range from strong support to strong opposition. We found limited support for NIMBY effects. Support versus opposition correlates with attitudes toward place attachment, localization of wind power plants and energy policies. We found evidence of a dichotomy between the more fundamental world views of eco-modernism versus de-growth influencing the more specific wind power attitudes. We argue that policy institutions have underestimated the power of attitude diversity in the wind power debate, and that social acceptability of future wind power development will depend on improved understanding of how social values of landscapes are impacted.
Scoring Tool to Predict Need for Early Video‐Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) After Pediatric Trauma
Authors: Kazempoor Brian , Nahmias Jeffry , Clark Isabel , Schubl Sebastian , Lekawa Michael , Swentek Lourdes , Keshava Hari B. , Grigorian Areg
Published: August 2023

Background

No widely used stratification tool exists to predict which pediatric trauma patients may require a video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). We sought to develop a novel VATS‐In‐Pediatrics (VIP) score to predict the need for early VATS (within 72 h of admission) for pediatric trauma patients.

Methods

The pediatric 2017–2020 Trauma Quality Improvement Program database was used and divided into two sets (derivation set using 2017–2019 data and validation set using 2020 data). First, multiple logistic regression models were created to determine the risk of early VATS for patients ≤ 17 years old. Second, the weighted average and relative impact of each independent predictor were used to derive a VIP score. We then validated the score using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AROC) curve.

Results

From 218,628 patients in the derivation set, 2183 (1.0%) underwent early VATS. A total of 8 independent predictors of VATS were identified, and the VIP score was derived with scores ranging from 0 to 9. The AROC for this was 0.91. The VATS rate increased steadily from 12.5 to 32% then 60.5% at scores of 3, 4, and 6, respectively. In the validation set, from 70,316 patients, 887 (1.3%) underwent VATS, and the AROC was 0.91.

Conclusions

VIP is a novel and validated scoring tool to predict the need for early VATS in pediatric trauma. This tool can potentially help hospital systems prepare for pediatric patients at high risk for requiring VATS during their first 72 h of admission. Future prospective research is needed to evaluate VIP as a tool that can improve clinical outcomes.
Global lead-lag changes between climate variability series coincide with major phase shifts in the Pacific decadal oscillation
Authors: Seip Knut L. , Grøn Ø. , Wang H.
Published: August 2023

We show that there are distinct periods when three ocean variability series in the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans persistently lead or lag each other, as well as distinct periods when ocean variability series lead the rate of changes in global temperature anomaly (∆GTA) and in atmospheric CO2 concentration (1880–2019). The superimposed lead-lag (LL) relations that can be formed from the five climate series (three ocean series, GTA and CO2), ΣLL(10), change directions or weaken synchronously at 6 years: 1900, 1926, 1965, 1977, 1997, and 2013. During the same years, the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) changes between positive ( +) and negative (-) phases, but with an additional phase shift in 1947/48. We find bi-decadal oscillations in the rate of change in global temperature, ∆GTA, during the same years. Since the hiatus periods are closely related to the cold phase (-) in PDO, the hiatus periods may also be related to global changes in ocean interactions.
Spatiotemporal patterns of rising annual plant abundance in grasslands of the Willamette Valley, Oregon (USA)
Authors: Reed Paul B. , Hallett Lauren M.
Published: August 2023

Context

Plant communities are undergoing compositional changes that affect ecosystem function. These changes are not always uniform across the landscape due to heterogenous topographic and edaphic conditions. To predict areas most at risk of change, it is necessary to identify the landscape drivers affecting plant abundance.

Objectives

Annual plants are increasing across the western USA, largely driven by non-native annual invasions. Here, we quantified change in annual plant abundance and identified landscape factors contributing to that change over the past 35 years.

Methods

We focused on Willamette Valley (Oregon) grasslands because they represent a new example in this phenomenon. To understand the spatiotemporal patterns of annual plant abundances between 1986 and 2020, we combined a remote-sensing vegetation cover dataset from the rangeland analysis platform with gridded soils data and topographic variables. We determined the rate of change in percent cover for each 30 × 30 m pixel and regressed cover against heat load, soil depth and sand content for > 5975 hectares to determine areas most sensitive to rising annual cover.

Results

We found a tendency toward increasing annual cover, with a median gain of + 15% cover among significantly increasing pixels. However, change was uneven across the landscape, with annual cover increasing markedly in areas with high heat load and shallower soils.

Conclusions

We identified steep, south-facing slopes as being particularly sensitive to rising annual cover. Annual plant invasions may be lagging in this region compared to elsewhere in the western USA, but trends here suggest it may just be a matter of time.
Bionic visual navigation model for enhanced template matching and loop closing in challenging lighting environments
Authors: Xu Haidong , Yu Shumei , Sun Rongchuan , Sun Lining
Published: August 2023

In recent years, various computational models have been proposed in neuroscience, but only a few have been utilized in robot visual navigation through engineering approaches. Besides, these engineering methods lack environmental adaptability, especially in the aspect of visual place recognition in weak or uncontrollable light fluctuations. To address this issue and enhance the performance of visual template matching and map loop closure detection in challenging lighting environments, this paper proposed a bionic visual navigation model that combines two neural network architectures, the Pulse Coupled Neural Network (PCNN) and Continuous Attractor Neural Network (CANN). In our navigation model, the visual features of the environments are encoded as temporal information by the spiking model and input into the local view cells for visual template matching. Additionally, we utilize the pose cells network, which incorporates the similarity between current and previous templates, along with odometry data, to encode spatial information and store it as an experience map. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed model, we conducted evaluations on datasets collected within our library, campus, and an open-source office dataset. The experimental results reveal that our algorithm increases the F1-score of template matching by approximately 10.5$$ \% $$
%
, 35.8$$ \% $$
%
, 61.7$$ \% $$
%
, and 1.9$$ \% $$
%
in each dataset, compared to the conventional RatSLAM method. Furthermore, our algorithm generates a more accurate map that closely correlates with the real-world trajectory without compromising on computation time. The results suggest that our bionic visual navigation model is reliable for both standard and extreme lighting conditions.
Merit: multi-level graph embedding refinement framework for large-scale graph
Authors: Che Weishuai , Liu Zhaowei , Wang Yingjie , Liu Jinglei
Published: August 2023

The development of the Internet and big data has led to the emergence of graphs as an important data representation structure in various real-world scenarios. However, as data size increases, computational complexity and memory requirements pose significant challenges for graph embedding. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a multilevel embedding refinement framework (MERIT) based on large-scale graphs, using spectral distance-constrained graph coarsening algorithms and an improved graph convolutional neural network model that addresses the over-smoothing problem by incorporating initial values and identity mapping. Experimental results on large-scale datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of MERIT, with an average AUROC score 8% higher than other baseline methods. Moreover, in a node classification task on a large-scale graph with 126,825 nodes and 22,412,658 edges, the framework improves embedding quality while enhancing the runtime by 25 times. The experimental findings highlight the superior efficiency and accuracy of the proposed approach compared to other graph embedding methods.
Achieving Tunable Cold/Warm White-Light Emission in a Single Perovskite Material with Near-Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield
Authors: Zhou Bo , Du Aixuan , Ding Dong , Liu Zexiang , Wang Ye , Zhong Haizhe , Li Henan , Hu Hanlin , Shi Yumeng
Published: August 2023

Single materials that exhibit efficient and stable white-light emission are highly desirable for lighting applications. This paper reports a novel zero-dimensional perovskite, Rb4CdCl6:Sn2+, Mn2+, which demonstrates exceptional white-light properties including adjustable correlated color temperature, high color rendering index of up to 85, and near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield of 99%. Using a co-doping strategy involving Sn2+ and Mn2+, cyan-orange dual-band emission with complementary spectral ranges is activated by the self-trapped excitons and d-d transitions of the Sn2+ and Mn2+ centers in the Rb4CdCl6 host, respectively. Intriguingly, although Mn2+ ions doped in Rb4CdCl6 are difficult to excite, efficient Mn2+ emission can be realized through an ultra-high-efficient energy transfer between Sn2+ and Mn2+ via the formation of adjacent exchange-coupled Sn–Mn pairs. Benefiting from this efficient Dexter energy transfer process, the dual emission shares the same optimal excitation wavelengths of the Sn2+ centers and suppresses the non-radiative vibration relaxation significantly. Moreover, the relative intensities of the dual-emission components can be modulated flexibly by adjusting the fraction of the Sn2+ ions to the Sn–Mn pairs. This co-doping approach involving short-range energy transfer represents a promising avenue for achieving high-quality white light within a single material.
Use of Internet of Things in the context of execution of smart city applications: a review
Authors: Rai Hari Mohan , Atik-Ur-Rehman  , Pal Aditya , Mishra Sandeep , Shukla Kaustubh Kumar
Published: August 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly becoming one of the most talked-about and essential components of any digitization process. The IoT is comprised of several key necessary components, the most important of which are sensors, communication (the internet), and user interfaces for data processing. IoTs are currently finding applications in virtually every industry, including healthcare, where they are known as the internet of medical things (IoMT), industry, where they are known as the industrial internet of things (IIoT), and interconnection between people, where they are known as the internet of everything (IoE). The challenge is to leverage the Internet of Things (IoT), technology, and data to create smarter and more sustainable cities that enhance the quality of life for residents. Therefore, in this article; we have demonstrated the use of the IoT in a variety of applications for smart communities. These applications include smart transportation, smart water management, smart garbage management, smart house illumination, smart parking, smart infrastructure, etc. This research also includes an explanation of the flow process of implementing the IoT in different applications of smart communities, as well as their characteristics and particular applications. Along with their flow illustration, the stages involved in the implementation of smart city applications and the components they consist of are also displayed here. We have also taken into consideration the instances of particular cases and their implementation utilizing IoT. Some of these cases include the automated water collection methods of smart water management systems as well as the condition of the water. Based on the findings of the research, we came to the conclusion that IoT devices play an essential role in each and every one of the smart city project implementations.
Marketing Violence
Authors: Korsten Frans-Willem , Leemans Inger , van der Haven Cornelis , Vanhaesebrouck Karel
Published: August 2023

This Element describes the development of an affective economy of violence in the early modern Dutch Republic through the circulation of images. The Element outlines that while violence became more controlled in the course of the 17th century, with fewer public executions for instance, the realm of cultural representation was filled with violent imagery: from prints, atlases and paintings, through theatres and public spectacles, to peep boxes. It shows how emotions were evoked, exploited, and controlled in this affective economy of violence based on desires, interests and exploitation. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Translation Technology in Accessible Health Communication
Authors: Ji Meng , Bouillon Pierrette , Seligman Mark
Published: August 2023

Digital health translation is an important application of machine translation and multilingual technologies, and there is a growing need for accessibility in digital health translation design for disadvantaged communities. This book addresses that need by highlighting state-of-the-art research on the design and evaluation of assistive translation tools, along with systems to facilitate cross-cultural and cross-lingual communications in health and medical settings. Using case studies as examples, the principles of designing assistive health communication tools are illustrated. These are (1) detectability of errors to boost user confidence by health professionals; (2) customizability for health and medical domains; (3) inclusivity of translation modalities to serve people with disabilities; and (4) equality of accessibility standards for localised multilingual websites of health contents. This book will appeal to readers from natural language processing, computer science, linguistics, translation studies, public health, media, and communication studies. This title is available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Graphic
Authors: Koenig Alexa , Lampros Andrea
Published: August 2023

Today, almost anyone can upload and disseminate newsworthy content online, which has radically transformed our information ecosystem. Yet this often leaves us exposed to content produced without ethical or professional guidelines. In Graphic, Alexa Koenig and Andrea Lampros examine this dynamic and share best practices for safely navigating our digital world. Drawing on the latest social science research, original interviews, and their experiences running the world's first university-based digital investigations lab, Koenig and Lampros provide practical tips for maximizing the benefits and minimizing the harms of being online. In the wake of the global pandemic, they ask: How are people processing graphic news as they spend more time online? What practices can newsrooms, social media companies, and social justice organizations put in place to protect their employees from vicarious trauma and other harms? Timely and urgent, Graphic helps us navigate the unprecedented psychological implications of the digital age.
Re-entry vehicle performance analysis under the control of lateral jet
Authors: Sanaka S.P. , Sharma R.K. , Ramana Murty G.V. , Durga Rao K.
Published: August 2023

Lateral jets are used to control the missiles and re-entry vehicles at high altitudes. The objective of the research paper is to investigate the effect of lateral jet interaction with the external flow on a blunted nose cone re-entry vehicle configuration and its flight speed. Structured mesh is used for the simulations, and the computational analysis is carried out by Ansys Fluent solver. The simulation results are validated, and the same methodology used for the parametric analysis. Simulations have been carried out at an external flow Mach number 6, 8.1, 12 and 16 at five degree angle-of-attack for jet-off and jet-on conditions. At 8.1 Mach number, the normal force coefficient is decreased by 45.6% due to jet interaction. The lateral jet interaction effectively reduces the nose down pitching moment. At 8.1 Mach number, the pitching moment coefficient was reduced by 48% with the jet-on condition compared to the jet-off condition.
Congruence in positive implicit followership theories, relational identification, and job performance: The moderating role of uncertainty avoidance
Authors: Peng Jian , Nie Qi , Chen Xiao , Zhang Zhijie
Published: August 2023

While previous research has identified the performance implications of leaders’ positive implicit followership theories (IFTs, i.e., personal expectations regarding followers’ positive characteristics), this study focuses on the effect of leader–follower congruence in positive IFTs on followers’ job performance. To test our predictions, we conducted two complementary studies. The results of Study 1 (an experiment, N = 200) show that leader–follower congruence (versus incongruence) in positive IFTs is positively related to followers’ relational identification with the leader, which, in turn, is positively related to followers’ job performance. Moreover, followers’ uncertainty avoidance strengthens this relationship. These findings were replicated in Study 2 (a three-wave survey, N = 223) through polynomial regression and response surface analysis. This study improves our understanding of IFTs by showing that leader–follower congruence in this domain is related to followers’ outcomes.
Understanding working mothers’ difficulty: From need frustration to family–work conflict
Authors: Liang Fenghua , Cai Yujie , Duan Jinyun
Published: August 2023

Previous research has primarily focused on the impact of basic psychological needs frustration on parenting styles and its effect on children. However, there is a lack of research on the impact of basic psychological needs frustration in mothers, particularly those who work full time. To fill the gap, this study explores how frustration of needs experienced by full-time working mothers in the family context relates to their experience of maternal stress and family-to-work conflict and the moderating role of financial motivation to work. In a three-wave study of 168 full-time working mothers, we discovered a positive correlation between basic psychological needs frustration and maternal stress, which in turn led to family-to-work conflict. These relationships were more pronounced among mothers with lower financial motivation to work, as opposed to those with higher. We conclude by discussing the implications of our research and suggesting areas for future study.
Internal Borders and Population Geography in the Unification of Italy
Authors: A’Hearn Brian , Rueda Valeria
Published: August 2023

We offer new evidence on the spatial economic impact of Italian unification. Adopting municipal population as a proxy for local economic activity, we construct a new geocoded dataset spanning the pre- and post-unification periods and discover robust evidence of an acceleration in growth near the former borders. A disproportionate improvement in market access boosted growth in these locations when barriers to trade were dismantled. Indirectly, unification’s decisive contribution to intraregional market integration, local specialization and exchange, and economic development is revealed.
Plantation Mortgage-Backed Securities: Evidence from Surinam in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: de Jong Abe , Kooijmans Tim , Koudijs Peter
Published: August 2023

In the second half of the eighteenth century, Dutch bankers channeled investors’ funds to sugar and coffee plantations in the Caribbean, Surinam in particular. Agency problems between plantation owners, bankers, and investors led to an arrangement called negotiaties. Bankers oversaw plantations’ cash flows and placed mortgage debt with investors. We demonstrate how this securitization arrangement worked using market-wide data and detailed records from banker F. W. Hudig. During the boom, debt contracts and their securitization were an effective solution for planters, bankers, and investors. However, the market crashed after an oversupply of credit. This led to inefficient restructuring due to debt overhang.
Initial Margin Requirements and Market Efficiency
Authors: Akbas Ferhat , Ay Lezgin , Koch Paul D.
Published: August 2023

We examine the association between margin requirements and the market’s efficiency in incorporating firm-specific and market-level public news. Combining the Fed’s 22 changes in margin requirements with a hand-collected sample of earnings announcements between 1934 and 1975, we show that higher margin requirements induce greater delay in incorporating earnings information into prices. We draw similar conclusions when we analyze the Hou and Moskowitz (2005) price delay measure, as well as indirect measures of leverage constraints over recent years. Further tests suggest that, despite the Fed’s expressed intent to curtail excess speculation, higher margin requirements restrict trading by arbitrageurs more than noise traders.
GPS + Galileo + BDS-3 medium to long-range single-baseline RTK: an alternative for network-based RTK?
Authors: Ogutcu Sermet , Alcay Salih , Ozdemir Behlul Numan , Duman Huseyin , Koray Ulkunur , Konukseven Ceren , Bilal Nesibe Gül
Published: August 2023

Thanks to the development of the real-time kinematic (RTK) algorithm and the emerging Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), especially for Galileo and BeiDou-3, reliable positioning accuracy for medium and long-baseline RTK became possible globally. Moreover, with the development of the GNSS receiver hardware, baseline length limitations due to radio-based communications are removed thanks to internet-based communication. In this work, single-baseline RTK, incorporated partial ambiguity resolution with troposphere and ionosphere weighting, using GPS (G), Galileo (E), BeiDou-3 (C3) and multi-GNSS (GE and GEC3), is conducted with real GNSS data of EUREF Permanent GNSS network under three different cutoff angles (10°, 20°, and 30°) for six different lengths of baselines (~50, ~150, ~250, ~350, ~450, and ~550 km). The results show that the multi-GNSS RTK solution significantly contributed to the positioning accuracy and convergence time of the single-system RTK solutions. Based on the results, non-available epoch-wise solutions for the high-degree cutoff angles are more obvious for the single-system RTK, whereas multi-GNSS solutions provide 100% solutions for each cutoff angle and baseline. The results indicate that instantaneous and a few epochs single-epoch ambiguity resolution is feasible for 50, 150, 250 and 350 km baseline lengths for multi-GNSS RTK. Based on the positioning results, horizontal–vertical positioning improvements of multi-GNSS RTK (GEC3) compared with the single-system GPS RTK are found as 50%–37%, 40%–35%, 55%–47%, 53%–54%, 57%–49% and 57%–49% for 50, 150, 250, 350, 450 and 550 km, respectively, under a 10° cutoff angle. For 20° and 30° cutoff angles, the accuracy improvements are much higher. The convergence time improvements (n/e/u) of multi-GNSS RTK (GEC3) compared with the single-system GPS RTK are found as 86/92/75%, 77/67/72%, 75/77/83%, 53/56/52%, 69/49/62%, and 52/45/39% for 50, 150, 250, 350, 450 and 550 km, respectively, under a 10° cutoff angle.
Dynamics of Gubernatorial Approval: Evidence from a New Database
Authors: Singer Matthew M.
Published: August 2023

This article introduces the State Executive Approval Database, a dataset of gubernatorial approval ratings that updates and adds to data previously collected by Beyle et al. In addition to the survey marginals, the dataset presents continuous quarterly and annual measures of the latent level of governor approval that are amenable for time series analysis. After evaluating how survey data availability varies across states and over time, I use the data to evaluate whether governors receive a honeymoon. While new governors do not have higher than expected levels of approval, the public expresses comparatively low levels of disapproval for new governors. This honeymoon is largely restricted to their first quarter in office and only occurs when they are elected to their first term. Governors who take office after their predecessor resigned get a slightly longer and more sustained reprieve from disapproval. Governor approval is also significantly shaped by unemployment levels in their state. These data will provide scholars with new opportunities to study accountability and representation at the state level.
How Much Is a Trump Endorsement Worth?
Authors: Hood M.V. , McKee Seth C.
Published: August 2023

Former president Trump made hundreds of candidate endorsements in the 2022 Republican primaries. The state of Georgia garnered outsized attention because it was ground zero for Trump’s false accusations of a stolen 2020 presidential election. Trump endorsed several candidates in Georgia’s May 2022 GOP primary contests, including candidates challenging Governor Brian Kemp and Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger, incumbents drawing Trump’s ire for upholding the 2020 outcome favoring Joe Biden. In a survey of likely Georgia GOP primary voters randomizing whether they are told which candidate Trump endorsed in five statewide races (governor, US Senate, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, and insurance commissioner), our analysis shows substantial variability in the influence of Trump’s endorsement. With scant prior information in low-profile contests (e.g., insurance commissioner), the Trump endorsement has a substantial impact, whereas it is rendered ineffectual in the most high-profile race for governor. Thus, the findings demonstrate the remarkable variability of a Trump endorsement, which is primarily contingent upon the salience of a specific race.