bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Competing Models of Journalism? Anglo-American and European Reporting in the Information Age
Authors: Williams Kevin
Published: March 2020

Anglo-American values and methods dominate our understanding of contemporary journalism. European journalism is seen as gradually importing Anglo-American practice, style and form in the twentieth century. The European model of journalism is portrayed as regressive, resistant to giving up the old ways – a model of how not to practice the profession. This article examines the features that distinguish the European model, including the close relationship with the political world, the focus on commentary, interpretation and  advocacy and the commitment to ‘literary’ writing. It argues that in spite of the differences in how journalism is practiced in various European countries it is possible to identify a form of journalism, which is more literary, political and intellectual in its approach. The distinctiveness of this approach is being eroded with the incorporation of Anglo-American values and practices into education programmes, the commercialisation of the industry and the process of globalisation. However, the extent  of which journalism in Europe is replicating the Anglo-American model is open to question. The European tradition remains firmly entrenched, especially in some countries such as France, Italy and Spain. It is also argued that the European model is becoming more relevant in the attempt of the profession to adjust to the complexities and changes of the information age.
Journalistik om flere af verdens mange virkeligheder
Authors: Kabel Lars
Published: March 2020

New Danish and British studies of media coverage of non-western countries and cultures documents the well-known negative picture, but a new trend is under way. The globalisation and journalism about civil society around the world demands new methods of journalism. This article focus on “global journalism” and describes various concepts and ways of thinking to be used for development of new journalism with a more cultural sensitive coverage of other countries in news and reportage.
Kvalitet i journalistik
Authors: Svith Flemming
Published: March 2020

This article argues that the quality criteria of the press have lost their relevance for reliable journalism. This happens as the press shift its focus from being “first with the last” to “explanation of what happened”. The quality criteria were developed during a time, when the mass medias were the only source of news to the public. Journalism was selecting, sorting and presentation of facts. Quality was speed and precision. Internet has broken the monopoly of the press on news supply, and the press focus on analysing and interpretations with the purpose of uncover connections, consequences or solutions, which not can be seen. In that way journalism is used on domains, which is dominated by science. New quality criteria of the press can be developed with inspiration from the criteria of science.
Den journalistiske dækning af toppolitikere på turne
Authors: Skov-Larsen Kristian Serge
Published: March 2020

This article examines the effect of Mogens Lykketoft’s and Anders Fogh Rasmussen’s tours of the electoral campaign in 2005. The purpose of the tours was to use the local media in a more easy and unedited way to carry through the politics of the parties and at the same time to expose the two prime minister candidates. The conclusion of the article is that the behaviour of the local media does not correspond to the expectations, which the parties had prior to the tours. The media’s coverage of the tours is less than expected, more critical and with a less distinctive focus on politics than on process and persons. This means that the central party organisations ought to look for other ways to influence the local media – than by sending top politicians on tour.
Journalistikkens rolle i netværkssamfundet
Authors: Ørsten Mark
Published: March 2020

In the network society the boundaries between media, politics, economy and culture is put under pressure. The media is placed in an increasingly direct competition with the state, private companies, interest organisations etc. about the powers of definition within important spheres of society. This is illustrated by for instance “the Muhammad crisis” and the debate about the documentary “The secret war”. Both cases also show the importance of the legitimacy of the roles played by the media in the network society. This puts forward the old question about the objectivity of journalism, and makes this question important in the debate about the roles of journalism in the network society.
Hvordan vil journalistikkens rolle ændre sig som følge af borgerjournalistikken?
Authors: Larsen Erik Kjær
Published: March 2020

It can be argued that 2006 was the year where Citizen Journalism saw its breakthrough in mainstream media, at least in Demark where several substantial media outlets embraced User Generated Content and in various forms invited citizen participation in the creation of the daily news. Citizen Journalism is, however, a general term which covers an array of different functions and formats; User Generated Content or blogging is not necessarily journalism, and the direct involvement from the media users in shaping the news is a challenge to mainstream medias traditionally undefined role as gatekeepers for public information. The potential of Citizen (participatory) Journalism was implied when bloggers – working as a collaborative research unit – drew the attention of the mainstream media to what were apparently faked documents which had been presented as authentic in the renowned news program 60 Minutes (Rathergate). The South Korean newspaper Ohmynews, launched in 2000 with the slogan ‘Every Citizen is a Reporter’ and devoted to a combination of traditional reporting with so called Guerrilla Journalism, is the prime example of successful citizen journalism in the world. In 2003 three Danish journalists adopted The Ohmynews model as the basis for the first Danish media for Citizen Journalism, Flix.dk. In the course of traditional media merging with the internet – leading to a clash or fusion between the structures ‘one-tomany’ with the interactive ‘many-to-many’ – new hybrid genres will emerge in the grey zone between classic journalistic methods and Grassroots Journalism. This makes Citizen Journalism a growing challenge to the parts of the press that defines itself as Democracy’s Watchdog. Making the most of Citizen Journalism and aligning it with the best standards of traditional media with will be a major challenge – to editors, journalists and media users alike – in the coming years.
Danske journaliststuderende: Ret repræsentative reportere
Authors: Elmelund-Præstekær Christian , Hopmann David Nicolas , Levinsen Klaus
Published: March 2020

Our research based knowledge on Danish journalists is rather limited. As a step toward filling this gap this article studies Danish journalism students. The main question is who these students are, to what extent there are differences between the students from different universities, and to what extent the students can be seen as being different from the general population. Students at Roskilde University with respect to some questions appear to be a distinct group of their own. Nevertheless, the over all conclusion is that journalism students are rather re-presentative for young people with a similar socio-economic background. These conclusions are based on the largest survey analysis of Danish journalism students to date.
Klummen som politisk barometer
Authors: Rimestad Lene
Published: March 2020

Columns generally take up a lot of space in the media. But what can an employed journalist write in his column? How is this particular freedom managed and shaped? In this article the columns written by journalists working for Berlingske Tidende are analyzed. The analysis covers two months before and after substantial changes in the paper in 2003. Two parameters are used in the analysis: Political: Is the column pro-government, anti-government, apolitical or mixed. And what sphere does the column cover: Does the column take place in the private sphere or the public sphere? Finally the changes in the period are discussed. But initially the column as a genre is defined.
Soft news i 2007-valgkampen: Balanceret, men ukritisk snak om mennesker i politik
Authors: Elmelund-Præstekær Christian , Müller Louise , Rasmussen Louise Nowak
Published: March 2020

Denne artikel undersøger, hvordan soft news-programmer på tvbehandlede politikere i 2007-valgkampen. Vi forventer en marginalmediebonus til regeringen og dens støttepartier i forhold til opposi-tionen. Vi forventer også, at indslagene handlede om politikerne sompersoner og i mindre grad om politik og processuelle forhold. Endeligforventer vi, at programmerne anlagde en positiv tone overfor demedvirkende. Studiet bygger på en kvantitativ indholdsanalyse af 52indslag i de tre uger op til valget. Vi finder støtte til vores teoretiskeforventninger, og konkluderer derfor, at de undersøgte programmerstort set balancerer de to blokke, at de er meget positive overfor demedvirkende, og at de i overvejende grad fokuserer på politikernesprivate liv frem for deres politik.
Forord
Authors: Hopmann David Nicolas
Published: March 2020

Forord
Gratisaviserne som en politisk ressource
Authors: Kammer Aske
Published: March 2020

Selvom gratisaviserne i løbet af en ganske kort årrække blev nogle af landets mest læste aviser, er den danske forskning i denne avistype stadig uhyre begrænset, især set fra et indholdsanalytisk perspektiv. I denne artikel præsenteres resultaterne af en kvantitativ indholdsanalyse af gratisavisernes politiske stof i sammenligning med det tilsvarende stof i en morgenavis og en tabloidavis. Analysen er gennemført med udgangspunkt i de tre opstillede parametre 'monitorering', 'forståelse' og 'adgang', som – argumenteres der for – kan være et udtryk for, hvorvidt et nyhedsmedie kan siges at udgøre en politisk ressource.
Større brugerindflydelse indenfor redaktionelt styrede rammer - Om koblingen af et journalistisk magasin og et brugerdrevet community
Authors: Stentoft Mette
Published: March 2020

Artiklen beskriver community’et input.refleXx.dk, der i 2010 indgik som en del af et forsknings- og udviklingsprojekt med blandt andet det formål at undersøge community’ets potentiale til at bidrage med værdiskabende brugerindlæg i det tilknyttede magasin refleXx.dk samt generere input til magasinjournalisternes idé- og researchfase.Med udgangspunkt i Alex Bruns begreb gatewatching diskuteres her, hvorvidt den tætte kobling af community og magasin formår at give brugerne større indflydelse indenfor rammerne af et redaktionelt styret og produceret journalistisk produkt. Det vurderes, at brugere gerne bidrager aktivt som medproducenter og informationssamlere motiveret af muligheden for at påvirke indholdet i et medie. Hos de deltagende journalister synes barrieren for at deltage i og udnytte den åbne samtale med brugerne på community’et derimod større. Artiklen påpeger mulige årsager til denne tilbageholdenhed, herunder de uartikulerede rutiner og metoder samt den selvforståelse som producent og gatekeeper, der udspringer af journalistikkens produktionslogik.
Rejseserien - mellem engagerende journalistik, forbrugerorientering og tv-underholdning
Authors: Damkjær Maja Sonne , Waade Anne Marit
Published: March 2020

Rejseserier har længe været en populær fjernsynsgenre, men forskningen på feltet er stadig meget begrænset. Artiklen tager afsæt i international og dansk forskning i rejseserier som journalistisk felt. Der argumenteres for, at rejseserier ikke kan vurderes ud fra traditionelle journalistiske kriterier alene, da genren i lighed med livsstilsserier har underholdning som væsentlig præmis. Rejseserien bestemmes som en audiovisuel undergenre af rejsejournalistikken udspændt mellem tre supertekstgenrer: journalistisk dokumentar, tv-underholdning og forbrugeroplysning. Denne karakteristik danner grundlag for en tentativ kortlægning af rejseserier på danske tv-kanaler i perioden 1988 – 2005[i], hvor 10 prototyper bestemmes ud fra bl.a. valg af programvært og rejseform. Afslutningsvis diskuteres undersøgelsens genreteoretiske perspektiver i relation til den empiriske analyse med fokus på rejseserien som underholdende journalistik og genrehybrid. [i] Registranten er udarbejdet i forbindelse med forskningsprojektet Tv-underholdning: tværmedialitet og viden (FKK, 2006-2009) og findes online: http://tvunderholdning.au.dk
Samlet version af Journalistica nr. 1, 2011
Authors: Holmgaard Christensen Lars
Published: March 2020

Samlet version
Introduktion: Journalistik i en industri
Authors: Kammer Aske
Published: March 2020

Intro
De svenska tidningsstiftelserna: Partipressens sista bastion?
Authors: Ohlsson Jonas
Published: March 2020

art 1
Et delt mediemarked: Prosesser som fremmer små aviser
Authors: Holand Astrid Marie
Published: March 2020

Art. 4
Fra hvad til hvorfor? Subjektive formidlingsaktiviteter i valgreportager 1990-2007
Authors: Jønch-Clausen Heidi
Published: March 2020

Den klassiske valgreportage i dagbladene er under afvikling. Det viser denne artikels analyse af reportager fra valgdebatter i tre aviser i fire valgkampe i perioden fra 1990-2011. Artiklen identificerer, udfolder og diskuterer en af flere forklaringer: Den klassiske valgreportage har forladt sit genremæssige udgangspunkt som tilstræbt objektiv formidler af politiske debatter og er blevet tiltagende subjektiv. Subjektiviteten manifesterer sig først og fremmest i, at journalisten er blevet mere analytisk. I løbet af analyseperioden nedprioriteres politikernes ord og budskaber i valgreportagerne således til fordel for journalistens egne refleksioner i form af politisk baggrundsviden, inddragelse af eksterne kilder og motivspekulationer.
Fra Fængselsnævnets virksomhedsomraade
Authors: Simonsen Jesper
Published: March 2020

Abstract in article.
Om reaktionen mod forbrydelser begået af gamle personer
Authors: Trolle Jørgen
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Ambulant behandling af alkoholister - Antabusbehandling
Authors: Stürup Georg K.
Published: March 2020

Indledningen af artiklen skal læses på den sidste side i artiklen "Det nyeste i engelsk straffelovgivning" som følge af indscanningen.
Kan fångvården rationaliseras?
Authors: Ericsson Carl Henrik
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
The Criminological Institute at the University of Utrecht (Netherlands)
Authors: Kempe G. TH.
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Intelligensnivä och skolprestation hos unga brottslingar
Authors: Fieandt Kai Von
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article
Dansk kronik
Authors: W. K.
Published: March 2020

Dansk kronik
Finsk kronik
Authors: Honkasalo Brynolf
Published: March 2020

Finsk kronik
Et forsøg på at anvende klassifikationssystemet i et dansk fængsel
Authors: Rafael Carsten
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Lægelig, psykologisk og pædagogisk behandling af kriminelle
Authors: Stürup Georg K.
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Organisatoriska förutsättningar för en medicinsk, psykologisk och pedagogisk behandling av brottslingar
Authors: Eriksson Torsten
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Den kriminalpolitiske behandling af berusede automobilister
Authors: Stefansson Valdimar
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Meddomsret eller jury i straffesaker for lagmannsrett. En meningsmåling blandt lagrettemennene i Hålogaland
Authors: Leivestad Trygve
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Meddomsret eller jury i straffesaker for lagmannsrett.
Authors: Leivestad Trygve
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Retslige Standarder i Strafferetten
Authors: Trolle Jørgen
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Om straffeattester
Authors: Hurwitz Stephan
Published: March 2020

En henvendelse fra en tidligere straffefange og en skrivelse fra justitsministeren
Meddelelser om fængselsvæsenet i Danmark i 1951
Authors: Tornøe J.
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Litt om behandlingen av juvenile delinquency i U.S.A.
Authors: Borch Ulrik
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Litteratur
Authors: Granfelt O. Hj. , Honkasalo Brynolf , Hurwitz Stephan
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Den forventede kriminalitet i de store fødselsårgange
Authors: Christiansen Karl O. , Nielsen Arne
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Förhållandet mellan blodalkoholkoncentration och alkoholpåverkan i olika berusningsfaser
Authors: Alha Anti , Hjelt Elsa , Raekallio Jyrki
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Aggressivitet og psykose
Authors: Syberg Ester
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Margery Fry 1874-1958
Authors: Hurwitz Stephan
Published: March 2020

In memory of Margey Fry.
Fængsel på livstid
Authors: Hindse-Nielsen Erik
Published: March 2020

To foredrag om løsladelse af livstidsfanger
Tiltalefrafald mod børneforsorg
Authors: Christiansen Karl O. , Nielsen L. Nordskov
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Modellstadga för behandlingen av fångar
Authors: Virtanen Veikko
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Strafferett, kriminologi og kriminalpolitikk
Authors: Andenæs Johs
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Bruker vi de muligheter som straffeloven gir oss?
Authors: Aulie Andr.
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Om kriminella efterverkningar av krigstidens barnförflyttningar
Authors: Westling Achilles
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Finska domar i brottmål 1951-1957
Authors: Schwindt Bertel
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Gruppeterapi anvendt i et dansk statsfængsel over for et klientel af recidivister
Authors: Rafael Carsten
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Gruppeterapi i statsfængsel på Kragskovhede og under efterforsorg
Authors: Larsen Ole
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Det nordiske kriminalistmøde i Helsingfors
Authors: H. S.
Published: March 2020

Det nordiske kriminalistmøde i Helsingfors
Motorfordonstillgrepp
Authors: Werner Birgit
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Psykiatriske undersøgelser af unge prostituerede kvinder
Authors: Mortensson Gunnar , Vestergaard Emma
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Trafikbrottslagens tillämplighet å gärning som förövats utom svenskt territorium
Authors: Öhrbom Lars
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Litteratur
Authors: Sveri Knut , Johnsen Jon , Aude-Hansen C. , Thornstedt Hans , Voigt Gerhard , Persson Britt-Mari , Haslund A. , Wolf Preben , Marcus Franz , Hye-Knudsen A.
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Fængselsreformen
Authors: Rafael Carsten
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Meddelelser
Authors: Holmberg Carl
Published: March 2020

Information
Kriminologisk undersøkelsesoversikt, Norge 1961
Authors: Arbo Jens Christian
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Översikt över pågående kriminologisk forskning i Sverige
Authors: . NTfK
Published: March 2020

Översikt över pågående kriminologisk forskning i Sverige
Meddelelser
Authors: Hurwitz Stephan , Johnsen Jon , Waaben Knud
Published: March 2020

Information
Indhold
Authors: . NTfK
Published: March 2020

Indhold anno 1963
Underslageren og hans motiv
Authors: Cressey Donald
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Litteratur
Authors: Højmark Lise , Wolf Preben , Christie Nils , Hurwitz Stephan
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Efterundersøgelse af 300 unge prostituerede kvinder
Authors: Mortensson Gunnar , Vestergaard Emma
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Usandfærdige forklaringer i retten
Authors: Smith Jørgen
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Indhold
Authors: . NTfK
Published: March 2020

Indhold anno 1965
Litteratur
Authors: Christie Nils , Hauge Ragnar
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Dansk fængselsvæsens målsætning
Authors: Aude Carl
Published: March 2020

Foredrag holdt i Kriminologisk Selskab den 26. april 1966
Dansk, finsk og norsk kronik
Authors: Brydensholt H. H. , Anttila Inkeri , Øie Ole-Erik
Published: March 2020

Dansk, finsk og norsk kronik
Meddelelser
Authors: Anttila Inkeri , Johnsen Jon
Published: March 2020

Information
Det sjätte nordiska kriminalistmötet
Authors: . NTfK
Published: March 2020

Det sjätte nordiska kriminalistmötet
Danske domme i strafferetssager 1965-66
Authors: Gjerulff Th.
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Sensorisk hämning vid isolering
Authors: Grunewald Karl
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Dansk kronik
Authors: Brydensholt H. H.
Published: March 2020

Dansk kronik
Den Norske Kriminalistforening gjennom 75 år
Authors: Andenæs Johs
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Mordbränderna i Finland under åren 1957-1962 i ljuset av rättspsykiatriska sinnesundersökningar
Authors: Katila O. , Lappalainen A. , Taalas J.
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Barnamord och fosterfördrivning som kriminologiskt och socialmedisinskt problem
Authors: Erkkilä Sven
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Indhold
Authors: . NTfK
Published: March 2020

Indhold anno 1968
Nogle betragtninger over kriminologiens causalitetsbegreb
Authors: Greve Vagn
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Barnamord och fosterfördrivning
Authors: Sager John-Henry
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Filmforskning och etik
Authors: Lithner Klas
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Litteratur
Authors: Koskinen Pekka , Greve Vagn , Hansen Aage , Moe Mogens , Hurwitz Stephan , Hoeck-Gradenwitz E. , Stenbäck Asser
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Skadede ofre for vold i Oslo
Authors: Lind Brit Bergersen
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Kring bötesverkställighetslagens regel om tillrättaförande av bötfällda genom ovillkorligt fängelsestraff
Authors: Ekstedt Ole
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Västtyskland begränsar användingen av frihetsstraffet
Authors: Cosmo Carl-Johan
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Tidsskriftets redaktion
Authors: Hurwitz Stephan , Waaben Knud , Holmberg Carl
Published: March 2020

Ændringer i tidsskriftets redaktion
Den nordiske strafferetskomités betænkning om prøveløsladelse
Authors: Elfving Östen , Ryssdal Rolv , Romander Holger , Waaben Knud
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Litteratur
Authors: Dahl Tove Stang , Ingstrup Ole , Greve Vagn
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Ensidig orientering i Norsk Kronikk
Authors: Langfeldt G.
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Dansk, finsk og svensk kronik
Authors: Brydensholt H. H. , Backman Eero , Ringberg Karin
Published: March 2020

Dansk, finsk og svensk kronik
Litteratur
Authors: Anttila Inkeri , Lithner Klas , Hansen J. P. Hart , Jensen Sv. Gram , Waaben Knud
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Utkast til ny straffeprosesslov
Authors: Bratholm Anders
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Hvorfor følge loven?
Authors: Larsen Bent Unmack
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Kommunikationsvanskeligheder
Authors: Brydensholt Hans Henrik
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Ungdom og kriminalitet
Authors: Hauge Ragnar
Published: March 2020

Tilsvar til Cecilie Høigård
Kasuistiska meddelanden rörande rättspsykiatriskt undersökta LSD-missbrukare
Authors: Lidberg Lars
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Det 7. nordiske kriminalistmøde
Authors: Waaben Knud
Published: March 2020

Det 7. nordiske kriminalistmøde
Om forsøg
Authors: Ross Alf
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Finska domar i brottmål 1961-1969
Authors: Modeen Viking
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Den faktiska brottsligheten
Authors: Werner Birgit
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Äro samerna illitterata?
Authors: Lithner Klas
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Den sista avrättningen i Danmark
Authors: Lithner Klas
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Skudbetingede dødsfald i Danmark 1957-1966
Authors: Hansen J.P. Hart
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Halshuggning med bila
Authors: Penser Wilh.
Published: March 2020

Några rättshistoriska randanteckningar.
Funksjonelle og strukturelle tilnærminsmåter i kriminologien
Authors: Høigård Cecilie
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
De processuelle normers betydning for virkeliggørelsen af den materielle strafferet
Authors: Gammeltoft-Hansen Hans
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Skader og tab forvoldt ved kriminelle handlinger
Authors: Wolf Preben
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Den dolda våldsbrottsligheten i Stockholm - en sjukhussurvey
Authors: Lenke Leif
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Våldtäktsbrott i Helsinforstrakten under åren 1966-1970
Authors: Virkkunen Matti , Tenhu Martti , Penttilä Antti
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Två problem på behandlingsområdet
Authors: Kühlhorn Eckhart
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Den strafferetlige bedømmelse af skattesvig
Authors: Thormundsson Jonatan
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Om voldtægtsofre
Authors: Vestergaard Emma
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Forsvarerens rolle - forsvarerens problemer
Authors: Bang Jørgen
Published: March 2020

Foredrag ved Dansk Kriminalistforenings årsmøde i København den 9. december 1974
Indhold
Authors: . NTfK
Published: March 2020

Indhold anno 1974
Skolebøllen - realitet eller myte?
Authors: Hauge Ragnar
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Tilsvar til Olweus
Authors: Hauge Ragnar
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Strafnedsættelse efter straffelovens § 85 i teori og praksis
Authors: Jensen Sv. Gram
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Politivirksomhet i et norsk landdistrikt
Authors: Hauge Ragnar , Stabell Harald
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Konkurrensfrågor i svensk straffrätt
Authors: Jareborg Nils
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Om eftergifter vid upprepad brottslighet
Authors: Lahti Raimo
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Om straffmätning vid upprepad brottslighed
Authors: Grönquist Henrik
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Den straffrättsliga behandlingen av psykiskt störda lagöverträdare
Authors: Bexelius Alfred
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Nyere forskning om almenprevensjonen - status og kommentar
Authors: Andenæs Johs
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Finsk, norsk og svensk kronik
Authors: Träskman P. O. , Bjerke Hans Kristian , Vilgens Jan
Published: March 2020

Finsk, norsk og svensk kronik
Vållandekriminaliseringar i dag och i morgon
Authors: Koskinen Pekka
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Reflexioner kring kriminaliseringarnas lagsystematik och typstraffskalor
Authors: Lehtimaja Lauri
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Psykoser og kriminalitet i Norge
Authors: Eitinger L.
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Retslægelige ligsyn og obduktioner i Danmark
Authors: Voigt Jørgen
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Ombudsmen and Prisons in Scandinavia
Authors: Anderson Stanley
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Familjeundervisningsmodellen för vård av unga lagöverträdare
Authors: Rönnberg Sten
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Arbejdsløshed og kriminalitet
Authors: Hjerrild Inger M.
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Patienterna vid sinnessjukhuset för fångar
Authors: Joukamaa Matti I. , Mattila Vilho J. , Salokangas Raimo K. R. , Jäppinen Vilho I. , Salmi Lauri , Holm Hannu
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Udviklingen i drabsforbrydelsen i Island 1900-1979
Authors: Gudjonsson Gisli H. , Petursson Hannes
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Samernes äldre rättsordning
Authors: Helander Elina
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Prostitutionen i Sverige
Authors: Persson Leif G.W.
Published: March 2020

En kartläggning av utvecklingen under 70-talet och den aktuella situationen.
Europarådets virksomhed på det strafferetlige område 1956-81
Authors: Harremoes Erik
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Lidt om bevisret mellem færdselslov og straffelov
Authors: Zahle Henrik
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Narkotika - landeplage eller synebuk?
Authors: Hauge Ragnar
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Den kriminelle indvandrer - eller "en farlig forskningsmyte"?
Authors: Falck Sturla
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Brev til redaktionen
Authors: Eitinger L.
Published: March 2020

Brev til redaktionen
Selvrapportert utsatthet for kriminalitet
Authors: Olaussen Leif Petter
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Fakta och myt om utlänningars brottslighet
Authors: Sveri Britt
Published: March 2020

En kommentar til Sturla Falck
Brev til redaktionen - replik till Sturla Falck
Authors: Sveri Knut
Published: March 2020

Replik till Sturla Falck
Brev til redaktionen - Duplik om politivold
Authors: Koch Henning
Published: March 2020

Duplik om politivold
Försök att förklara frihetsstraffets gennombrott samt regionala och tidsmässiga variationer i bruket av frihetsstraff
Authors: Kekkonen Jukka , Ylinkangas Heikki
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Danske domme af almindelig interesse 1980 - august 1983
Authors: Lindegaard Per
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Indhold
Authors: . NTfK
Published: March 2020

Indhold anno 1983
Brev til redaktionen - Självrapporterade drogvanor och verkligheten
Authors: Kühlhorn Eckhart
Published: March 2020

Kommentar til Ragnar Hauge og Ole Nordlic
Opvækstvilkår og senere registreret straffelovskriminalitet
Authors: Andersen Tavs Folmer , Balvig Flemming
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Hustruvold - en retsmedicinsk undersøgelse
Authors: Buhl Lars Hviid , Gregersen Markil , Charles Annie Vesterby
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Boganmeldelser
Authors: Bylund Torleif , Ericsson Kjersti , Heinonen Olavi , Snare Annika , Erenius Gilis , Greve Vagn , Lodberg Poul
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Det IX nordiska kriminalistmötet i Helsingfors
Authors: . NTfK
Published: March 2020

Program
Den allmänna opinionen, massmedia och rättssäkkerheten
Authors: Träskman P. O.
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Avpenaliseringsteori
Authors: Scheerer Sebastian
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Veli Verkko och den första fasen i den finska kriminolo
Authors: Jaakkola Risto
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Islandsk, finsk og svensk kronik
Authors: Thormundsson Jónatan , Träskman Per Ole , Bishop Norman , Björkmann Ulla , Örn Claes
Published: March 2020

Islandsk, finsk og svensk kronik
Boganmeldelser
Authors: Hauge Ragnar , Kyvsgaard Britta , Carstensen Gitte , Olausson Leif Petter , Jareborg Nils , Koch Henning , Koch Ida , Lauridsen Preben Stuer , Vestergaard Jørn , Johanson Eva , Lodberg Poul , Gammeltoft-Hansen Hans
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Skördarna och deras inverkan på 1800-talets stöldbrottslighet
Authors: Knutsson Johannes
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Den grønlandske kriminallovs bestemmelser vedrørende foranstaltninger overfor psykisk abnorme lovovertrædere
Authors: Lynge Inge , Køster Anne
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
En undersøgelse af alle mentalobservationer foretaget i henhold til den grønlandske kriminallov i femårsperioden 1978-1983
Authors: Køster Anne , Lynge Inge
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Förvisningarna av finländare till Sibirien under autonomin och de förvisade i Sibirien
Authors: Juntunen Alpo
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Narkotikapolitik i Norden
Authors: Rexed Ingemar , Kühlhorn Eckhart
Published: March 2020

Inden for de sidste år er der udkommet to bøger, som har skabt stor offentlig debat om narkotikapolitikken i Norden. Det er naturligt, at en så vigtig faglig debat også finder plads i NTFKs spalter. Vi har derfor bedt nogle velkente skribenter komme med indlæg om bøgerne i stedet for en sædvanlig anmeldelse.
Dansk kronik
Authors: Vestergaard Jørn
Published: March 2020

Dansk kronik
Svenska kriminalistföreningen 1911-1986 i ett nordiskt perspektiv
Authors: Nelson Alvar
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
FN-konferansen som kultur
Authors: Mathiesen Thomas
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Rettspsykiatrisk undersøkte menn - hvordan går det med dem?
Authors: Noreik Kjell , Gravem Arne
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Påföljd för brott - betänkande av den svenska fängelsestraffkommittën (SOU 1986: 13-15)
Authors: Cosmo Carl-Johan
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Den permanente europæiske tilsynskonference
Authors: Bang Aage
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Skördarna och deras inverkan på 1800-talets stöldbrottslighet
Authors: Hofer Hanns V
Published: March 2020

Kommentar til Johannes Knutssons artikel i NTfK 1985:2
Svar till Hofer
Authors: Knutsson Johannes
Published: March 2020

Svar til Hans v Hofer
Boganmeldelser
Authors: Lund Ketil , Greve Vagn , Henrichsen Carsten M. , Garde Peter , Järvinen Margaretha
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Krönika från Europarådet 1984-1986
Authors: Nilsson Hans G.
Published: March 2020

Krönika från Europarådet 1984-1986
Boganmeldelser
Authors: Bødal Kåre , Rehof Lars Adam , Krarup Ole , Kruse Sysette Vinding , Kallehauge H. , Stevnsborg Henrik , Kyvsgaard Britta , Christie Nils , Simonsen Jørn , Järvinen Margaretha , Nielsen Beth Grothe , Baun Arne , Malmsten Krister , Heinonen Olavi , Eckhoff Torstein
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Boganmeldelser
Authors: Ellingsen Dan , Anttila Inkeri , Greve Vagn , Garde Peter
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Kriminologiska centralarkivet: Ett unikt svenskt forskningsarkiv
Authors: Wiklund Nils , Lidberg Lars
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Mistenkte for narkotikalovbrudd i Oslo
Authors: Hauge Ragnar , Nordlie Ole
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Upplever fängelsestraffet en renässans? Spekulationer om frihetsstraffets framtid
Authors: Lång K. J.
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Boganmeldelser
Authors: Tham Henrik , Thomsen Ib Scheel , Willadsen Jytte , Gottlieb Peter , Jensen Henrik Garlik , Kyvsgaard Britta , Löfmarck Madeleine , Garde Peter , Greve Vagn
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Should we take the condition of double criminality seriously?
Authors: Träskman Per Ole
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Fjerndrab, et nyt fænomen
Authors: Christensen Otto , Gottlieb Peter , Lindhart Anne , Kramp Peter
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Økning i antall narkotikasiktelser
Authors: Nordlie Ole
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Finlands främsta straffrättsforskarttene och den totalitära straffrätten
Authors: Frände Dan
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Krönika från Europarådet 1988-1990
Authors: Nilsson Hans G.
Published: March 2020

Krönika från Europarådet 1988-1990
Selvmord i danske fængsler og arresthuse
Authors: Christiansen W. Frees
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
De norske konfliktrådene - et eksempel på symbolpolitikk?
Authors: Nergård Trude Brita
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Kommentar til J. O. Skov-Madsen
Authors: Stenvig Bodil
Published: March 2020

Kommentar til J. O. Skov-Madsen
Boganmeldelser
Authors: Anttila Inkeri , Kristmundsson Omar H. , Zila Josef , Flyghed Janne , Pedersen Jørge Dige , Brøndsted Henning , Kyvsgaard Britta , Baldursson Erlendur S. , Pedersen Jan , Storgaard Anette , Greve Vagn , Rekke Nils
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
International Strafferet og EF-ret - en ny dansk forening
Authors: Greve Vagn
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Den ökande andelen psykiskt störda brottslingar i fängelserna
Authors: Belfrage Henrik
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Rättspsykiatrins storkonsumenter
Authors: Boerman Albert J.
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Rättspsykiatriskt undersökta utlänningar i Stockholm
Authors: Komlos Margit , Lidberg Lars
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Pedagogikkens inntog
Authors: Larsson Paul
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Kvinner som handlende offer
Authors: Ericsson Kjersti
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Etableringen av en internationell brottmålsdomstol
Authors: Träskman P. O.
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Etableringen av en internationell brottmålsdomstol II
Authors: Träskman P. O.
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Rettshåndhevelse og rettsgarantier i nederlandsk og internasjonal fiskalstrafferett
Authors: Mulder Coen , Hove Karen Ten
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Boganmeldelser
Authors: Garde Peter , Stevnsborg Henrik , Träskman P. O. , Cameron Ian , Plum Lars Munk , Østergaard-Nielsen Ulf , Babb Lloyd , Greve Vagn
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Defensiv och offensiv straffrättspolitik
Authors: Jareborg Nils
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Nya accentueringar inom det straffrättsliga påföljdssystemet i Finland
Authors: Koskinen Pekka
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Internationale etiske krav til straffeprocessuelle og strafferetlige indgreb
Authors: Rentzmann William
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Kriminologi som nationalt modarbejde
Authors: Balvig Flemming
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Boganmeldelser
Authors: . Dansk drabsdømt strafafsoner , Nuotio Kimmo , Vogt Edvard , Aromaa Kauko , Brydensholt Hans Henrik , Skretting Astrid
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Indhold
Authors: . NTfK
Published: March 2020

Indhold anno 1994
Krönika från Europarådet 1992-1994
Authors: Nilsson Hans G.
Published: March 2020

Krönika från Europarådet 1992-1994
Narkotikapolitikk og moral
Authors: Boger Hans
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Ny fransk straffelov
Authors: Garde Peter
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Angst for voldskriminalitet i Norge
Authors: Olaussen Leif Petter
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
The problematic relationship between crime and imprisonment
Authors: Rutherford Andrew
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
"Corrections-industrial complex" expands in U.S.
Authors: Elvin Jan
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Behandling af seksualforbrydere - den canadiske model
Authors: Nielsen Beth Grothe
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Brandstifter. Hvem - hvorfor
Authors: Kjeldbjerg Birte
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Fjernsynsprogrammet øyenvitne. Kriminalitetskontroll som underholdningsindustri?
Authors: Steine Bjarne Arne
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Summaries in English
Authors: Nielsen Beth Grothe , Kjellberg Birte , Steine Bjørn Arne
Published: March 2020

Summaries in English
Strafferettens sjel
Authors: Schaanning Espen
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Den hollandske fængselspolitik
Authors: Kruize Peter
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Positiv generalprevention. Rapport från ett symposium i Uppsala
Authors: Asp Petter
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Memorandum avseende. En europeisk modellstrafflag.
Authors: Sieber Ulrich
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Boganmeldelser
Authors: Nielsen Gorm Toftegaard , Christensen Jens Peter , Kyvsgaard Britta , Palonen Anne , Koch Ida , Tham Henrik , Viljanen Pekka , Greve Vagn
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Alf Ross som straffrättsdogmatiker
Authors: Jareborg Nils
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Om lokalisering av brott på internet
Authors: Cornils Karin
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Boganmeldelser
Authors: Eliasen Ina , Sjögren Lena Hellblom , Ericsson Kjersti , Nielsen Beth Grothe , Svensson Kerstin , Høg Ulla , Jönsson Sverker , Larsson Paul , Garde Peter , Greve Vagn , Kyvsgaard Britta
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Udnævnelse af professor, dr.jur. Knud Waaben til æresmedlem af Dansk Kriminalistforening
Authors: Rentzmann William
Published: March 2020

Udnævnelse af professor, dr.jur. Knud Waaben til æresmedlem af Dansk Kriminalistforening
Boganmeldelser
Authors: Kainulainen Heini , Scharf Ole
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Tilgivelsens begrænsning
Authors: Garde Peter
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Om straffens hegemoni
Authors: Christie Nils
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Finsk krönika 1996-2000
Authors: Frände Dan , Majanen Martti , Nuutila Ari-Matti
Published: March 2020

Finsk kronik
Harmoni eller disharmoni mellem de nordiske lande
Authors: Kyvsgaard Britta
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Kriminalpolitik, straffeproces og reaktionsvalg i det ny årtusind
Authors: Nielsen Beth Grothe
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Kan forbrydelser forudsiges? Om strategiske forbrydelser.
Authors: Kyvsgaard Britta
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Dødsstraffens former: Fra rituall til procedure. Træk af dødsstraffens kulturhistorie.
Authors: Floto Inga
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Lärbrok i rättspsykiatri
Authors: Wiklund Nils
Published: March 2020

Kommentar til Peter Kramp (NTfK nr. 3 2002)
Vold, evolusjon og nye miljøfaktorer
Authors: Mysterud Iver , Poleszynski Dag Viljen
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Isolation og sindssygdom - Vridsløselille forbedringshus 1859-1873
Authors: Smith Peter Scharff
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Politivoldsaken i Bergen - det endelige utfall
Authors: Bratholm Anders
Published: March 2020

Kommentar til professor Kjell Inge Bjørvik i NTfK 1990, s. 13-29.
Indhold
Authors: . NTfK
Published: March 2020

Indhold anno 2003
De Nordiske Kriminalistforeninger år 2003
Authors: . NTfK
Published: March 2020

Årsberetninger for det forløbne år i de Nordiske Kriminalistforeninger
Udviklingen af de strafferetligt sanktioner i Island
Authors: Bragadóttir Ragnheiður
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Fra indgrebsret til strafferet? Udviklingen af de strafferetlige sanktioner i Danmark
Authors: Greve Vagn
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Spesiesisme - fenomenets grunnlag og konsekvenser
Authors: Sollund Ragnhild
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Boganmeldelser
Authors: Brantsæter Marianne C. , Marttunen Matti , Elholm Thomas , Aas Katja Franko , Schütz-Gärdén Bettina
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Kriminalitetsforebygging og politirollen
Authors: Larsson Paul
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Kritik af lov og retspraksis vedrørende mental- og personundersøgelser
Authors: Wadmann Peter
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Indhold
Authors: . NTfK
Published: March 2020

Indhold anno 2005
Polisers bruk av skjutvapen i Norge och Sverige
Authors: Knutsson Johannes
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Boganmeldelser
Authors: Elholm Thomas , Svensson Kerstin , Olaussen Leif Petter , Kongstad Annalise , Bech Charlotte Mathiesen , Kyvsgaard Britta
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Var finns forsete? Är målet för nordisk kriminalpolitik att få flera fångar?
Authors: Träskman Per Ole
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Boganmeldelser
Authors: Sahlin Ingrid , Lindström Peter , Stevnsborg Henrik , Rönneling Anita , Hákonarson Hreinn S. , Olaussen Leif Petter , Flyghed Janne , Kragholm Jens Frederik Skovsgard , Garde Peter , Larsson Paul
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Hate speech? Två avgöranden fråan högsta domstolen i Sverige
Authors: Jagander Eva
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Korruption, en fråga om ekonomisk och organiserad brottslighet?
Authors: Korsell Lars
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Upphöranden och uppgörelser - Fragment av en sammanhållen tanke
Authors: Asp Petter
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Tillit, välfärd och politisk ekonomi. Att förklara skillnaderna i straffpolitik
Authors: Lappi-Seppälä Tapio
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Olika förklaringar till lägre straffnivåer i de nordiska länderna jämfört med övriga europeiska
Authors: Bondeson Ulla V.
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Boganmeldelser
Authors: Madsen Mikael Rask , Klette Hans , Scherg Rune H. , Holmberg Lars , Garde Peter , Clausen Susanne , Nilsson Roddy , Brydensholt Hans Henrik , Havelund Jonas
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Indhold
Authors: . NTfK
Published: March 2020

Indhold anno 2007
Om giltigheten av ett rambeslut i europeisk straffrätt samt Lissabonfördragets inverkan på området för den europeiska straffrätten
Authors: Suominen Annika
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Digital beslag och spaning undercover. Reflektioner runt två polisiära arbetsmetoder
Authors: Hallbäck Håkan
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Mäste man alltid betala? Finländska affärsmäns och tjänstemäns uppfattningar och erfarenheter av korruption på gränsen mellan Finlad og Ryssland
Authors: Viuhko Minna
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article
Bofors-indienaffären - Et fall av omdiskuterad svensk vapenexport
Authors: Thelander Joakim
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Hur säkerställer vi en enhetlig påföljdsbestämning?
Authors: Borgeke Martin
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Organisert kriminalitet, en kunnskapsstatus
Authors: Larsson Paul , Korsell Lars
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Ne bis in idem
Authors: Asp Petter
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Foreword
Authors: Randall William
Published: March 2020

It is difficult to do justice in a page or so to a book whose implications are as far-reaching as those of this one. As someone who has devoted the whole of his scholarly career to the study of stories—of how they are integral to virtually every aspect of our lives (our identities, relationships, emotions, and beliefs)—I heartily commend Listening to Stories of Courage and Moral Choice as a testament to the power of narrative to effect positive, transformative change in the world.
Adjusting for age improves identification of gut microbiome alterations in multiple diseases
Authors: Ghosh Tarini S , Das Mrinmoy , Jeffery Ian B , O'Toole Paul W
Published: March 2020

Interaction between disease-microbiome associations and ageing has not been explored in detail. Here, using age/region-matched sub-sets, we analysed the gut microbiome differences across five major diseases in a multi-cohort dataset constituting more than 2500 individuals from 20 to 89 years old. We show that disease-microbiome associations display specific age-centric trends. Ageing-associated microbiome alterations towards a disease-like configuration occur in colorectal cancer patients, thereby masking disease signatures. We identified a microbiome disease response shared across multiple diseases in elderly subjects that is distinct from that in young/middle-aged individuals, but also a novel set of taxa consistently gained in disease across all age groups. A subset of these taxa was associated with increased frailty in subjects from the ELDERMET cohort. The relevant taxa differentially encode specific functions that are known to have disease associations.
A synthetic dataset primer for the biobehavioural sciences to promote reproducibility and hypothesis generation
Authors: Quintana Daniel S
Published: March 2020

Open research data provide considerable scientific, societal, and economic benefits. However, disclosure risks can sometimes limit the sharing of open data, especially in datasets that include sensitive details or information from individuals with rare disorders. This article introduces the concept of synthetic datasets, which is an emerging method originally developed to permit the sharing of confidential census data. Synthetic datasets mimic real datasets by preserving their statistical properties and the relationships between variables. Importantly, this method also reduces disclosure risk to essentially nil as no record in the synthetic dataset represents a real individual. This practical guide with accompanying R script enables biobehavioural researchers to create synthetic datasets and assess their utility via the synthpop R package. By sharing synthetic datasets that mimic original datasets that could not otherwise be made open, researchers can ensure the reproducibility of their results and facilitate data exploration while maintaining participant privacy.