bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALTERNATIVE SECURITY SOURCES IN NIGERIA: THE AMBIGUITY OF VIGILANTE GROUPS
Authors: Oyosoro Felix Idongesit
Published: December 2021

The rise in crime and insecurity across West Africa and the Sahel has led to the expansion of several regional Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs). In Nigeria, particularly, the sense of low performance by the security forces has further caused an increase of Community-Based Armed Groups (CBAGs), who have become a fixture in the national security landscape. These CBAGs present a complex challenge to communities, governments, development implementers, and security providers. One of these CBAGs is the Vigilante Groups which are operational at the local and state level. Despite being prohibited by the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, armed vigilante groups carry out law enforcement activities in an ever-growing number of states and communities with the tacit, and sometimes explicit, endorsement from the state governments and local authorities. Vigilante Groups have become a double-edged sword: though they provide an apparent needed localized security, they also undermine central authority, violate human rights and commit sporadic violence. Elucidating this ambiguous characteristic of vigilante groups as alternative security sources in Nigeria is the main focus of this paper. We argue that vigilante groups cannot represent a robust and sustained security source due to inadequate security training and the absence of an acclaimed authority, which are inherent characteristics to these groups. This paper utilizes both primary and secondary sources of data collection to arrive at the conclusion that the failure of the federal authorities to both contain and control vigilante groups will further deteriorate and/or disintegrate the internal security apparatus and social fabrics/cohesion of the Nigerian society.
MAKALAH PROBLEMATIKA AKHLAK DI ERA GLOBALISASI
Authors: amal Abdi
Published: December 2021

Makalah ini membahas tentang problematika akhlak di era globalisasi
UTS_195100032
Authors: 195100032 Rahmad
Published: December 2021

UTS E-Bisnis Rahmad 195100032
Ringkasan Materi Dakwah Syekh Yusuf Al-Makassary
Authors: Adwiyah Rabiatul
Published: December 2021

Syaikh Yusuf adalah tokoh tasawuf dari Makassar yang berpengaruh dan berperan dalam pengembangan dakwah Islam (Ahmad Purwadaksi, 2001:335), sehingga namanya disebut juga Syaikh Yusuf Taj al-Khalwaty al-Makassary (Cawidu, 1994:1).
Deep Learning-Based Pest Surveillance System for Sericulture
Authors: D Thippesha , R Pramodh B
Published: December 2021

Every year sericulture farmers lose a sizeable amount of revenue because of pest attacks on silkworms. In 2011 the annual production of silk is fall by about 50% because of pest attacks [1]. To prevent these losses constant monitoring of the environment is required. But this constant surveillance can’t be achievable by manual labour force but it can be achievable by using deep learning techniques. This article presents a deep learning system that is trained and tested for detecting invasive species which can cause harm to silkworms such as Oecophylla smargdina, Vespa orientalis, Sycanus collaris, Hierodulla bipapilla, Canthecona furcellata, Blepharipa zebina and Apanteles glomeratus.
Why most psychological research findings are not even wrong
Authors: Scheel Anne M.
Published: December 2021

Psychology’s replication crisis is typically conceptualised as the insight that the published literature contains a worrying amount of unreplicable, false-positive findings. At the same time, meta-scientific attempts to assess the crisis in more detail have reported substantial difficulties in identifying unambiguous definitions of the scientific claims in published articles and determining how they are connected to the presented evidence. I argue that most claims in the literature are so critically underspecified that attempts to empirically evaluate them are doomed to failure — they are not even wrong. Meta-scientists should beware of the flawed assumption that the psychological literature is a collection of well-defined claims. To move beyond the crisis, psychologists must reconsider and rebuild the conceptual basis of their hypotheses before trying to test them.
The Effect of Older Sibling, Postnatal Maternal Stress, and Household Factors on Language Development in Two- to Four-Year-Old Children
Authors: Havron Naomi , Lovcevic Irena , Kee Michelle Z.L , Chen Helen , Chong Yap Seng , Daniel Mary , Broekman Birit F.P , Tsuji Sho
Published: December 2021

Previous literature has shown that family structure affects language development. Here, factors relating to older siblings (their presence in the house, sex and age gap), mothers (maternal stress) and household size and residential crowding were examined to systematically examine the different role of these factors. Data from mother-child dyads in a Singaporean birth cohort, (677-855 dyads; 52% males; 58-61% Chinese, 20-24% Malay, 17-19% Indian) collected when children were 24-, 48-, and 54-months old, were analysed. There was a negative effect of having an older sibling, moderated by the siblings’ age gap, but not by the older sibling’s sex, nor household size or residential crowding. Maternal stress affected language outcomes in some analyses but not others. Implications for understanding the effect of family structure on language development are discussed.
Measuring Readiness to Change Substance Use, Alcohol Use, and Cannabis Use: An Experimental Manipulation of Cognitive Effort
Authors: Schwebel Frank J , Chavez Jude G. , Pearson Matthew Ryan
Published: December 2021

The Transtheoretical Model supports that readiness to change should predict actual substance-related behavior change, though this relationship is surprisingly modest. Across several behavioral domains, individuals tend to have unrealistic expectations regarding the amount of effort and time required to successfully change one’s behaviors, dubbed the False Hope Syndrome. Based on the False Hope Syndrome, we expect that the standard method of measuring self-reported readiness to change is inaccurate and overestimated. To test this hypothesis, we experimentally manipulated the level of cognitive effort or focus on the practical implications of changing substance use prior to completing readiness to change measures. College students from a large southwestern university who reported using substances in the past 30 days (n = 345) were recruited from a psychology department participant pool to complete this experimental study online. Participants were randomized to one of three conditions: 1) standard low effort condition, 2) medium effort condition (had to select likes/dislikes of substance use, and negative consequences of changing one’s use), and 3) high effort condition (also provided text responses to how they would handle difficult situations related to changing their substance use). We conducted one-way ANOVAs with Tukey post-hoc comparisons to examine differences on three measures of readiness to change: the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA) scale for overall substance use as well as the readiness and motivation rulers for overall substance use, alcohol use, and cannabis use. Contrary to our hypothesis, all significant statistical tests supported higher cognitive effort conditions reporting higher readiness to change. Although effect sizes were modest, higher cognitive effort appeared to increase self-reported readiness to change substance use. To address the present study’s limitations, additional work is needed to test how self-reported readiness to change relates to actual behavior change when assessed under the different effort conditions.
Increased Risk Perception, Distress Intolerance and Health Anxiety in Stricter Lockdowns: Self-Control as a Key Protective Factor in Early Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lindner Christoph , Kotta Ibolya , Marschalko Eszter Eniko , Szabó Kinga , Kalcza-Janosi Kinga , Retelsdorf Jan
Published: December 2021

Studies provide evidence that distress, (health) anxiety and depressive symptoms were high during the first weeks of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions, decreasing over time, possibly due to individuals’ protective psychological factors. Relations between different lockdown restrictions, mental health issues, and protective factors need to be explored, since even small lockdown effects might increase the risk of future mental health issues. We merged objective lockdown stringency data with individual data (N = 1,001) to examine differences in lockdown effects in strict lockdown (Romania) and mild lockdown (Hungary) conditions between March and May 2020 on stressors and mental health symptoms, taking protective factors into account. The stricter lockdown in Romania revealed higher levels of perceived risk of infection, distress intolerance, and COVID-19 health anxiety. Protective psychological factors were not affected by the lockdown measures. Surpassing psychological flexibility and resilient coping, self-control proved to be the most promising protective factor. It is recommended that future research merge objective data with study data to investigate the effects of different COVID-19 lockdown measures on mental health and protective factors. Policy decisions should consider lockdown-dependent consequences of mental health issues. Intervention programs are suggested to mitigate mental health issues and to strengthen peoples’ protective psychological factors.
The Incremental Validity of Average States: A Replication and Extension of Finnigan and Vazire (2018)
Authors: Breil Simon Mats , Schweppe Paula , Geukes Katharina , Biesanz Jeremy Charles , Quintus Martin , Wagner Jenny , Wrzus Cornelia , Nestler Steffen , Back Mitja
Published: December 2021

States refer to our momentary thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Average states (aggregates across multiple time points) are discussed as a more accurate and objective measure of personality compared to global self-reports since they do not only rely on people’s general beliefs about themselves. Specifically, Finnigan and Vazire (2018) argued that, if average states better capture what a person is actually like, this should be reflected in their unique association with informant-reports of personality, and tested this idea based on two experience-sampling studies. Their results showed, however, that average self-reported states did not predict global informant-reported personality above and beyond global self-reports. In this research, we aimed at replicating and extending these results. We used data of five studies (total N = 806) that involved global self- and informant-reports and employed a variety of different experience-sampling methods (time-based with different sampling schedules, event-based). Across all studies, the original results (i.e., no incremental effects of average self-reported states) were replicated. Furthermore, as an extension to the original study, we found that average other-reported states (provided by peers, results based on one study) did indeed predict global informant-reports above and beyond global self-reports. These findings highlight the importance of differentiating between method effects (global reports vs. average states) from source of information effects (self vs. other). We discuss these results, focusing on the suitability of using informant-reports as a criterion variable and conceptual differences between assessment methods.
Visual Gender Biases in Wikipedia: A Systematic Evaluation across the Ten Most Spoken Languages
Authors: Beytía Pablo , Agarwal Pushkal , Redi Miriam , Singh Vivek K.
Published: December 2021

Wikipedia, a collaborative crowd-sourced platform, is the largest, most visited online encyclopedia. Since it spreads information freely in more than 300 languages, many users, tools, and dashboards rely on its content. Hence, there is a need to maintain its fairness and completeness. However, previous research has indicated the existence of a significant gender gap in Wikipedia biographical articles. We already know that a minimal proportion of those articles portray women and there are gender asymmetries in the textual content of these articles, but little has been reported about the visual aspects (e.g., image volume or image quality) of the gender gap. Here, we analyze all biographies available on Wikipedia across 300 occupations in the ten most widely spoken languages, and undertake quantitative and qualitative analysis of gender differences in the written and visual content. The cross-lingual results indicate that (1) much of the male bias in content arises when editors select which personalities should have a Wikipedia page, (2) the trends in written and visual content are quite dissimilar, (3) men biographies tend to have more images across languages, and (4) female biographies average better visual quality. A more granular analysis is performed on English Wikipedia, distinguishing trends in occupations and qualitatively analyzing science and technology biographies. The overall results shed light on the kinds of visual biases that emerge in the collaborative creation of Wikipedia and yield guidelines for future management of contributions on the platform.
Incorporating Machine Learning into Sociological Model-building
Authors: Verhagen Mark D.
Published: December 2021

Quantitative sociologists frequently use simple linear functional forms to estimate associations among variables. However, there is little guidance on whether such simple functional forms correctly reflect the underlying data-generating process. Incorrect model specification can lead to misspecification bias, and a lack of scrutiny of functional forms fosters interference of researcher degrees of freedom in sociological work. In this article, I propose a framework that uses flexible machine learning (ML) methods to provide an indication of the fit potential in a dataset containing the exact same covariates as a researcher’s hypothesized model. When this ML-based fit potential strongly outperforms the researcher’s self- hypothesized functional form, it implies a lack of complexity in the latter. Advances in the field of explainable AI, like the increasingly popular Shapley values, can be used to generate understanding into the ML model such that the researcher’s original functional form can be improved accordingly. The pro- posed framework aims to use ML beyond solely predictive questions, helping sociologists exploit the potential of ML to identify intricate patterns in data to specify better-fitting, interpretable models. I illus- trate the proposed framework using a simulation and real-world examples.
Digital Inclusion Challenges in Bangladesh: A Case of National ICT Policy
Authors: Aziz Abdul
Published: December 2021

This study assesses the impact and effectiveness of the National Information and Communications Technology Policy (NIP) in Bangladesh, which is a key legal framework for ‘Vision 2021’ and ‘Digital Bangladesh’. It investigates the extent to which digital inclusion can be achieved by the NIP strategies, as well as exploring the conceptualisation of digital inclusion, which undergirds the contemporary debate on the digital divide and inclusion. The study employs a qualitative approach using policy goal-means analysis to explore critical scrutiny of the internal rationality and logic of the NIP based on three distinct criteria of the digital inclusion analytical framework: ICT access, use and skills. The analysis argues that the policy is ambiguous and techno-centric, with a narrow digitisation frame of reference, which does not comprehensively address the issues associated with digital inclusion. Policy needs to be consistent and relevant to a person’s daily life, giving the user a sense of empowerment and skill. The article concludes that a focus on a skill-based approach and the context of societal challenges of Bangladesh is crucial to ensuring digital inclusion.
Price Revelation from Insider Trading: Evidence from Hacked Earnings News
Authors: Akey Pat , Grégoire Vincent , Martineau Charles
Published: December 2021

From 2010 to 2015, a group of traders illegally accessed earnings information before their public release by hacking several newswire services. We use this scheme as a natural experiment to investigate how informed investors select among private signals and how efficiently financial markets incorporate private information contained in trades into prices. We construct a measure of qualitative information using machine learning and find that the hackers traded on both qualitative and quantitative signals. The hackers’ trading caused 15% more of the earnings news to be incorporated in prices before their public release. Liquidity providers responded to the hackers’ trades by widening spreads.
Risk of kidney health among returnee Nepali migrant workers: A survey of nephrologists
Authors: Aryal Nirmal , Sedhain Arun , Regmi Pramod R , KC Radheshyam Krishna , Van Teijlingen Edwin
Published: December 2021

Background: Anecdotal reports suggest an increasing prevalence of kidney problems in returnee Nepali migrant workers from the Gulf countries and Malaysia.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to (a) explore the magnitude of the kidney health-related problems in returnee Nepali migrant workers; and, (b) assess the need for further scientific investigations.
Materials and Methods: This was a self-administered survey of practicing nephrologists in Nepal. All 51 nephrologists working in Nepal (at the time of this study) were approached by email for anonymous participation using an online survey platform. Data were collected between December 2019 and February 2020. Descriptive statistics were generated for data analysis.
Results: A total of 38 nephrologists completed the survey. Almost all their migrant patients were: younger than 40 years, males, from rural areas of Nepal, and had worked in Gulf countries or Malaysia. Most (92.1%) of the respondents reported that the causes behind kidney-related problems of returnee migrant workers were of unknown etiology and less likely to be linked to traditional risk factors. Chronic kidney disease and glomerulonephritis were the most common kidney health-related problems. The vast majority of respondents (76.3%) thought that the returnee migrant workers are at a higher risk of kidney-related problems than the general Nepali population.
Conclusion: Nepali labor migrants in the countries of the Gulf and Malaysia could be at a higher risk of kidney health-related problems than the general Nepali population. Further rigorous scientific investigation is warranted to examine the kidney-health-related risk of Nepali migrant workers.
Study to assess proper timing of laryngoscopy in post-thyroid surgery patients to detect recurrent laryngeal nerve injury
Authors: Ahmed Tausif , Rahman Abdur , Ahmed Aftab , Alam Mehtab , Chand Shruti
Published: December 2021

Background: Thyroid surgeries are commonly done nowadays for benign and malignant conditions. Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (RLNP) is an important and potentially catastrophic complication of thyroid surgery. The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of rigid endoscopy (Hopkins rod-lens telescope) performed at different time intervals on the diagnosis of RLNP in post-thyroid surgery patients.
Aims and Objectives: To assess Proper Timing of Laryngoscopy in Post-thyroid Surgery patients to Detect RLN Injury.
Materials and Methods: Rigid endoscopy was performed postoperatively at day 0 (T0), at 2nd day post-op (T1), and day 14 (T2). For patients with RLNP, repeated examinations were performed at 2 months (T3), 6 months (T4), and 12 months (T5).
Results: The study included 50 patients of thyroid swelling with different diagnoses. Overall, 35 patients appeared for postoperative laryngoscopic examination of the vocal folds at our center, providing 61 nerves at risk. RLNP rate was 8.1% at T0, 11.5% at T1, 9.8% at T2, 8.1% at T3, 4.9% at T4, and 3.3% at T5. T1 was significantly superior to all other time intervals in terms of diagnosis of RLNP but statistically not significant.
Conclusion: Rigid endoscopy is essential for the detection of vocal cord paralysis after thyroidectomy. We report different time evaluation criteria of vocal cord morbidity with great and significant variability of results. Second day post-op inspection of the larynx (T1) is suggested.
A study on evaluation of knee osteoarthritis with MRI and comparing it with CT scan, high resolution USG and conventional radiography
Authors: Singha Raju , Dalai Chanchal Kumar , Sarkar Deblina
Published: December 2021

Background: Knee osteo-arthritis is widely prevalent in the elderly population in our society and associated with significant morbidity and poor quality of life. Early diagnosis of the condition can enable timely and proper care for the patients. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, CT Scan, Ultrasonography and plain radiography are the different modalities of imaging that are commonly used for detection and diagnosis of knee osteo-arthritis.
Aims and Objectives: To find out the early osteoarthritic changes of knee by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and compare those findings with conventional radiography, high frequency USG and CT scan findings.
Materials and Methods: Patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis (OA) as per American College of Rheumatology guideline criteria (n=56) underwent imaging of the knee using plain radiography, ultrasonography, CT scan and MRI. The imaging findings studied in the patients were joint space narrowing (JSN), meniscal abnormality, Baker’s cyst, cruciate ligament abnormality, knee effusion, subchondral cyst, and loose bodies. A comparison between radiography, CT scan and USG was done for the imaging findings with MRI as the reference standard. Z-test of proportionality was used to find statistically significant difference for the three imaging modalities. A P<0.05 was deemed statistically significant.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 61 years (38 males). The tibiofemoral compartment was most commonly affected. CT scan was more sensitive than radiography in detecting sub-chondral cyst (P=0.018) and loose bodies (P=0.004). USG and MRI were equally sensitive in detecting knee effusion (P=0.22) and synovial thickening (P=0.10). CT scan and MRI were equally sensitive in detecting subchondral cyst (P=1.00) and loose bodies (P=0.22).
Conclusion: While CT imaging was more sensitive for detection of subchondral cysts and loose bodies than conventional radiography, it was as sensitive as MRI in detecting these findings in the study group. Additional study is warranted to assess diagnostic performance of CT scan and MRI in the diagnosis and progression of knee OA.
Single incision laparoscopic appendectomy: A prospective study
Authors: Mangam Nilesh P
Published: December 2021

Background: Appendicitis is one of the common pathologies encountered in surgical practice. Except in minority of the cases, the treatment is usually surgical. Till recent past, open appendectomy has been the procedure of choice for appendicitis. With increasing expertise in laparoscopic surgeries more and more surgeons are utilizing the laparoscopic approach for appendectomy. Laparoscopic surgeries have distinct advantages such as less surgical trauma, improved and quick postoperative recovery, and esthetic results. Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is rapidly gaining acceptability in young population because of its cosmetic advantages. Moreover, these surgeries also avoid the risk of port-site hernias and the possibility of wound infection.
Aims and Objective: The purpose of this study is to present our initial experience with this surgery using a single incision laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) using conventional instruments.
Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study conducted in the department of surgery of a tertiary care medical college situated in an urban area. The duration of the study was 2 years. All adult patients diagnosed to be having uncomplicated appendicitis and undergoing appendectomy by SILS were included in this study on the basis of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pre-operative data collected included age, sex, weight, duration of complaint, concomitant medical conditions (like ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive airway disease, diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, and liver cirrhosis) and previous upper or lower abdominal surgery. All patients were treated by SILS except 1 patient in whom the procedure was converted to open surgery. Mean surgical time, Intraoperative procedure details and postoperative complications were studied in all the cases. p < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Statistical analysis was done using SSPS 21.0 software.
Results: Out of 30 patients in this study 26 patients were female and 4 patients were male. The male to female ratio was found to be 1:6.15. Mean age of studied cases was found to be 26.2 years. Operative time required for the first 15 cases in an average was 120.00 min however it was reduced for the next 15 cases was 73.73 min. Overall time required in an average was 96.86 min. Out of 30 cases, The procedure was completed with Single Incision LA in 23 Patients, i.e., 76.6 %. In the initial cases, we started with two 5 mm and one 10mm port. To reduce crowding we replaced the 5 mm port to 3 mm port. The 10 mm port was also replaced by 5 mm in the past few cases in 1 patient the procedure was converted to open surgery. The analysis of postoperative complications showed that five patients had Post-Operative wound Infection. One patient had post-operative peritonitis.
Conclusion: SILS is a feasible and safe surgical method for appendectomy and is being increasingly preferred particularly by young patients due to its excellent cosmetic results.
Assessment of cardiovascular sympathetic function tests in premenstrual syndrome patients visiting tertiary care hospital: A case–control study
Authors: Kulshreshtha Megha , Gaur Naveen , Gupta Varuna , Kodidala Satyanath Reddy
Published: December 2021

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a stress-induced disorder and is showing a rising prevalence but its etiopathogenesis is not yet understood. Stress disturbs the balance of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Alteration in heart rate and blood pressure is the most important physiological response following stress-induced sympathetic changes.
Aims and Objectives: The present study was designed to test the hypothesis of an association between sympathetic functions and PMS and to observe the degree of changes (if any) in these sympathetic functions. The study also aims to provide timely interventions to prevent the development of cardiovascular complications and improve lifestyle.
Materials and Methods: A Menstrual Distress Questionnaire was used to evaluate physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms accompanying the menstrual cycle of the subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Based on the scores obtained by their questionnaire, subjects with the higher scores formed the PMS group, while the age-matched females with low score served as controls. Cardiovascular sympathetic functions were assessed by standardized, simple, non-invasive tests which included Handgrip test and orthostatic hypotension test. Unpaired Student’s t-test was used for statistical analysis.
Results: The results revealed that the sympathetic reactivity is insignificantly higher in PMS group during the follicular phase. During the luteal phase, sympathetic activity is significantly increased.
Conclusion: PMS involves psychoneuroendocrinal turmoil, thus early screening of high-risk groups and interventions such as relaxation techniques and lifestyle modification can prevent further cardiovascular complications in patients of high sympathetic responses.
A novel design silicone oil removal cannula
Authors: Akkan Fevzi , Dinc Dincer
Published: December 2021

Background: Silicone oil, which is one of the most commonly used endotamponades in vitreoretinal surgery, is removed after a certain period of time in most cases. In this study, we present our results with a unique cannula that provides effective and safe silicone oil removal.
Aims and Objectives: To assess the aids and success of silicone oil removal with a novel 23-gauge cannula for the patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil injection before.
Materials and Methods: 72 eyes of 64 patients who operated by the same surgeon (FA) between May 2017 and May 2019 were involved in the study. The primary indications were proliferative diabetic retinopathy in 46 (63.9%) eyes and retinal detachment in 26 (36.1%) eyes. Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation (23 eyes), membrane peeling (23 eyes), internal limiting membrane peeling (5 eyes), and argon laser endo-photocoagulation (37 eyes) performed in the same session. Furthermore, perfluorocarbon remnants aspirated in 9 eyes and 17 eyes needed suturing. Descriptive statistical analyses achieved by SPSS 10.5 statistical software.
Results: The mean follow-up time was 11.7 + 2.5 months (between 3 and 23 months), and the mean age was 61.4 + 8.52 years (between 44 and 69 years). 1000 centistokes (cSt) silicone oil was removed from 61 (84.7%) eyes, and 5000 cSt silicone oil was removed from 11 (15.3%) eyes. The mean removal time was 2.04 + 0.1 min for 1000 cSt silicone oil and 5.11 + 0.3 min for 5000 cSt silicone oil. 4 re-detachment and 3 vitreous hemorrhage observed in follow-up period. Post-operative silicone oil remnants were not detected in any patient.
Conclusion: The unique 23-gauge cannula provides silicone oil removal without any conjunctival cut-down and sclerotomy enlargement. Thus, it reduces the duration of surgery and post-operative recovery period.
A comparative study on echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular mass and function in normotensive diabetic and non-diabetic patient
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Tanmay , Sarkar Pankaj , Naskar Somnath , Biswas Uttam , Islam SK Saidul
Published: December 2021

Background: Cardiovascular complications account for the highest mortality in diabetic patients, mainly due to coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an ominous prognostic sign and an independent risk factor for cardiac events which is frequently present in patients living with diabetes.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the LV mass and function in normotensive diabetes patients without antihypertensive medication.
Materials and Methods: 100 normotensive diabetic patients were in study group and 100 control patients were studied. Hypertension and other known causes of LVH were excluded from the study. Data were analyzed using proper statistical method.
Results: Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) is significantly higher in diabetic patients as compared to control population (P<0.001). It was also observed that the means of the left ventricular posterior wall thickness, interventricular septal thickness, and the left ventricular internal diameter during diastole (in all cases P<0.001) were statistically significantly high in diabetic patients in comparison to healthy control subjects. We have found that a significant systolic dysfunction in diabetic group and diastolic dysfunction also very common in diabetic group than the control group. The LVMI also increased in patients who have longer duration of diabetes and poor glycemic control.
Conclusion: LVM is significantly higher in patients of type 2 diabetic without having hypertension, albuminuria, and apparent ischemic heart disease as compared to healthy controls. LVM in diabetic patients increases with duration of diabetes and is positively correlated with HbA1c and blood sugar level.
Use of Short Stories in Language Learning
Authors: Kadel Purna Bahadur
Published: December 2021

This study is an attempt to explore understanding of English teachers on the use of traditional short stories in language learning and find out the impacts of extensive reading of culturally embedded short stories in consolidating students' language learning. Phenomenological research design was adopted to carry out this study in which 8 English teachers represented 4 from public and 4 from institutional secondary schools were selected from Kirtipur Muncipality of Kathmandu district through purposive non-random sampling procedure. In-depth-interview and classroom observation were used as tools to collect data to address the objectives of this study. The findings of this study show that the language functions and vocabulary could be improved through short stories; language skills could be cultivated with the help of reading short stories; their higher order thinking skills are developed reading short stories; and they get entertainment, motivation and refreshment.
परिभाषित प्रेम कथामा समाख्यानात्मक काल Paribhashit Prem Kathama Samakhyatmak Kal
Authors: Regmi Anupama
Published: December 2021

प्रस्तुत लेखमा बेन्जु शर्माद्वारा लिखित ‘परिभाषित प्रेम’ कथामा प्रयोग भएको समाख्यानात्मक कालको खोजी गरी त्यसको कथागत प्रभावकारिता पहिल्याइएको छ । साहित्यिक कृतिबाट तथ्यको खोजी गरी समाख्यानात्मक कालको सैद्धान्तिक आधारमा विश्लेषण गरिएकाले अध्ययन गुणात्मक प्रकृतिको छ साथै अध्ययनमा विश्लेषणात्मक विधिको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । समाख्यानमा प्रस्तुतीकरणको (रिप्रेजेन्टेसनल) काल र प्रस्तुत भएको (रिप्रेजेन्टेड) काल अर्थात् सङ्केतक काल र सङ्केतित काल गरी दुई किसिमले कालको प्रस्तुति भएको हुन्छ । आख्यानमा प्रस्तुत घटनाको समय, घटनाको व्रmम, पात्रका मनोदशा, विचार उत्पन्न हुँदाका समय, घटनाको आवृत्ति र घटना प्रस्तुत गर्दा लेखकले प्रयोग गरेको काल (टेन्स) का आधारमा समाख्यान कालबारे अध्ययन गर्न सकिन्छ । ‘परिभाषित प्रेम’ कथामा घटना काल अर्थात् प्रस्तुतीकरणको काल र समाख्यायित काल अर्थात् प्रस्तुत भएको काल भिन्नाभिन्नै छ । यस कथामा घटना काल दुई दिनको भए पनि समाख्यायित काल चालिस वर्षको छ । कथामा पूर्ण वर्तमान कालको प्रयोगले कथामा अग्रभूमीकरण गरेको छ भने पात्रको मनको निश्चितता देखाउन भविष्यत्कालको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । भूतकालिक प्रयोगले पात्रको स्थितिबोध गराएका छन् भने वर्तमान कालमा समाख्यानात्मक व्रmमको प्रस्तुति भएको छ । यस कथामा प्रस्तुत समाख्यायित कालको विषय मूल पात्रको विगतको सङ्घर्ष र स्थिति हो । लेखमा विवेचित कथाको समाख्यानात्मक व्रmम अघि बढ्दा वर्तमान कालको प्रयोग भएकाले कथामा दृश्यात्मकता र प्रभावकारितामा वृद्धि भएको, पाठकमा कौतुहलता सिर्जना गर्नमा घटना कालले र कौतुहलताको शमन गरी पाठकमा आत्मसन्तुष्टि प्रदान गर्नमा समाख्यायित कालले भूमिका खेलेको, ‘परिभाषित प्रेम’ कथाको संरचना मिश्रित हुनुमा समाख्यानात्मक कालको भूमिका रहेको निष्कर्ष प्राप्त भएको छ ।
शत्रु कथामा समाख्यानात्मक सङ्केन्द्रण् Shatru Kathama Samakhyanatmak Sangkendran
Authors: Luitel Gobinda Prasad
Published: December 2021

प्रस्तुत आलेख ‘शत्रु’ कथाको समाख्यानात्मक सङ्केन्द्रण विश्लेषणमा केन्द्रित छ । सङ्केन्द्रणले समाख्यानात्मक सूचना कसको दृष्टिकोणबाट र कसरी प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ भन्ने कुरालाई बुझाउँदछ । यस अध्ययनमा समाख्यानात्मक सङ्केन्द्रणसम्बन्धी प्रारूप प्रस्तुत गर्दै विवेच्य कथाको सङ्केन्द्रणको विमर्श गरिएको छ । कथाको सङ्केन्द्रणसम्बन्धी कलागत सौन्दर्यको निरूपण गर्ने यस लेखमा पुस्तकालयीय कार्यबाट विश्लेष्य सामग्रीको सङ्कलन गरिएको छ भने ती सामग्रीलाई गुणात्मक विश्लेषण विधिका आधारमा विवेचना गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनमा सङ्केन्द्रणअन्तर्गत विश्लेष्य कथाका समाख्याता, समाख्यानात्मक वाच्यत्व, सङ्केन्द्रक, सङ्केन्द्रित विषय एवम् समाख्यानात्मक चरित्रको अनुशीलन गरी तिनको अन्तरसम्बन्ध र कलापक्षको निरूपण पनि गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनबाट समग्रमा प्रस्तुत कथामा समाख्यानात्मक सङ्केन्द्रणसँग सम्बद्ध पक्षहरूको उपयुक्त संयोजन भएका कारण कथात्मक सौन्दर्यको उपस्थापन भएको छ भने समाख्याता सङ्केन्द्रक र पात्र सङ्केन्द्रकमार्पmत समाख्यानात्मक सूचनाहरूलाई प्रभावकारी ढङ्गले सम्प्रेषण गरिएका कारण सङ्केन्द्रण व्यवस्थाका दृष्टिले यो कथा कलात्मक बनेको छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष अध्ययनबाट प्राप्त भएको छ ।
Liberalism in the Mirror of Transnational Terror
Authors: Holmes Stephen
Published: December 2021

On September 11, America's insularity was cruelly breached. The vast Atlantic and Pacific — forbidding moats separating the country's inhabitants from most of mankind — no longer safeguard the home front from foreigner marauders who wish us ill. Refusing to stay decently buried in the past, an archaic sectarian conflict burst forth to shed civilian blood on American soil.
Comment s’explique l’échec des nationalistes québécois
Authors: Angenot Marc , Khouri Nadia
Published: December 2021

La question le plus souvent posée aux analystes de la scène politique canadienne par ceux qui l'observent « du dehors », particulièrement par les Français, est la suivante : Pourquoi les nationalistes québécois ont-ils échoué par deux fois dans des référendums dont ils contrôlaient pourtant le processus, référendums destinés à faire l’indépendance du Québec en lui faisant quitter la Fédération canadienne?
La comparaison : un cadre théorique
Authors: Ndyae Pap
Published: December 2021

La comparaison franco-américaine est un genre classique et fréquenté, particulièrement auprès des Français, qui se plaisent à lire leur pays au miroir des États-Unis et à en comparer, favorablement ou non, les institutions, les économies, les sociétés et les cultures.
Litigation as an Alternative to Legislation in Achieving Public Health Reform
Authors: McGovern Francis E.
Published: December 2021

There is virtually universal acceptance for the proposition that political questions in the United States have a propensity to morph into judicial questions. The use of litigation as a method of governing the body politic has repeatedly manifested itself since the formation of our nation. Congress vs. the legislature; federal vs. state authority; voting rights; civil rights; universal rights — the list is pervasive.
The Deposition of Alexis de Tocqueville?
Authors: Richter Melvin
Published: December 2021

Sheldon Wolin is among the most distinguished and influential American political theorists of our time. His Politics and Vision (1960), by its effortless but unmistakably profound scholarship, theoretical acuity, and elegant prose did much to convince university students and teachers that political theory and its history were indispensable both to liberal education and to producing involved citizens.1
Les penseurs français de l’écologie politique suivi d'un débat avec Daniel Boy, Dominique Bourg, Yues Cochet et Denis Duclos
Authors: Whiteside Kerry H.
Published: December 2021

Un constat s’impose : les penseurs français sont presque absents des débats et des discussions sur l’écologie politique dans le monde anglophone. C’est un peu surprenant si l’on considère que depuis plus d’un demi-siècle, toute nouveauté philosophique ou méthodologique française - qu’elle provienne par exemple de Sartre, Lévi-Strauss, Foucault ou Derrida - a trouvé des adeptes dans le monde anglophone. Des centaines de livres et des milliers d’articles sur l’écologie politique ont été écrits en anglais. Plusieurs ouvrages tentent une classification et une synthèse de toutes les variétés de la pensée écologique. Même si leurs auteurs se réfèrent le plus souvent à d’autres penseurs anglophones, ils mentionnent aussi les travaux des Allemands Hans Jonas, Rudolf Bahro, Ulrich Beck et Klaus Eder, du norvégien Ame Naess, de l’indienne Vandana Shiva.
Comités et discours éthiques, ou le dépassement du politique par le savant
Authors: Rocquet Julien
Published: December 2021

Au cours du vingtième siècle, la recherche scientifique a permis à l'être humain d'accéder à la connaissance de ses propres mécanismes vitaux. Il est, dans l’histoire des sciences, des étapes qui font faire de tels bonds à la connaissance que notre compréhension du monde s’en trouve fondamentalement changée. Ainsi, pour la première fois, l'homme est en mesure de transformer sa propre espèce. Cette nouvelle donne scientifique pose des questions nouvelles et graves : jusqu’où peut-on aller dans la maîtrise de l’homme par l’homme ? Peut-on faire - doit-on faire -, tout ce qu’il est techniquement possible de faire ? Doit-on conserver et préserver l’Homme tel qu’il est?
Pierre Hassner: Prix Tocqueville 2003
Authors: Giscard d’Estaing Valéry
Published: December 2021

Le plus beau livre d’Alexis de Tocqueville, ce sont sans doute ses Souvenirs. La langue est élégante, libre, précise. Les portraits dessinés au burin entre Holbein et Daumier, ou même Degas. Mais surtout l’écriture est empreinte d’une ouverture douce, légère, d’une nostalgie, qui tient au sentiment d’avoir imparfaitement accompli la tâche dont on avait rêvé, sentiment que je suis bien placé pour connaître.
L’énigmatique douceur du despotisme démocratique
Authors: Guellec Laurence
Published: December 2021

Dans un petit « traité » sur le style qu’on trouve dans une lettre à Charles Stöffels du 31 juillet 1834, Tocqueville donnait comme qualité commune à tous les grands écrivains « le bon sens appliqué au style » : « Qu’est-ce donc que le bon sens appliqué au style ? [...] C’est le soin de présenter les idées dans l’ordre le plus simple et le plus facile à saisir.
Démocratie et religion : le point de vue tocquevillien
Authors: Antoine Agnès
Published: December 2021

Dans le contexte culturel français, longtemps marqué par une conception antireligieusc de la laïcité, les analyses de Tocqueville sur la religion ont souvent été négligées, voire occultées ou encore critiquées, dans la mesure où elles viendraient entacher la modernité du penseur de la condition égalitaire et de ses spécificités.
Tocqueville’s Two Forms of Association
Authors: Alexander Jeffrey C.
Published: December 2021

The theoretical importance of Tocqueville's wntmg about America can be summed up this phrase: Democracy depends on many things besicles voting. In this way, he turned Aristotle's merely political definition on its head, and provided a conceptual translation of what democratic activists, and republican political theorists, had long understood. It is a lesson, I believe, to which many contemporary democratic activists and neo-conservative republican thinkers should return today.
Tocqueville as Historian of the Struggle Between Democracy and Aristocracy in America
Authors: Brewer Holly
Published: December 2021

Most scholars of Tocqueville see him simply discussing an omnipresent liberalism in America. Building on the misleading work of Louis Harts, which neglected both Tocqueville's discussion of feudalism in the America South as well as his discussion of the reasons why the North became so uniquely attached to d emocracy, they ignore his main arguments about the orgins of democracy and aristocracy — and the struggle between them — in America.
La réception de l’œuvre de Tocqueville dans les milieux intellectuels italiens au XXe siècle
Authors: Attal Frédéric
Published: December 2021

L’attrait qu’exerce Tocqueviile sur les intellectuels italiens des la premiere moitie du XX* siecle ne saurait trouver meilleure illustrarion que ce jugement porte sur lauteur de La Democraties en Amerique: « Sa simplicitc cst celle du petit nombre, du tres p tit nombre d’historiens : de ceux qui ont vraiment ecrit F« histoire » de Thumanite, e’est-a-dire qui nous aident a nous comprendre nous-memes. Les historiens comme Tocqueviile ne parlent pas seulement a notre « culture », mais a notre imagination, a nos sens, a notre personne «humaine» : comme le très petit mombre des « vrais » poètes, comme Homère, Melville, Tolstoï.
Alex de Tocqueville, un sociologue au Bas-Canada
Authors: Langlois Simon
Published: December 2021

Tocqueville a visité le Bas-Canada (le territoire actuel du Québec) lors de son périple nord-américain et il a écrit de nombreuses pages, fascinantes à lire, sur les canadiens et la vie de l’époque. La plupart des textes de Tocqueville relatifs au Bas-Canada — letters à ses proches et carnets d’observation — ont été écrits à chaud lors même du voyage en Amérique.
Is Democracy Peaceful? Tocqueville and Constant on War and the Army
Authors: Matsumoto Reiji
Published: December 2021

In the last several chapters (22-26) of the 3rd Part of the Second Volume of Democracy in America, Tocqueville thoroughly discusses war and the army in the age of democracy. Coupled with the preceding long chapter on revolution, this argument about political issues placed at the end of the section treating “mœure properment dites” makes a prelude to the coda in the next section which finishes the whole book with a warning about the danger of democtatic deapotism
Segregation in Chicago
Authors: Garner Roberta , Hancock Black Hawk , Kim Kiljoong
Published: December 2021

Four questions guide the article: What are the spatial forms of ethno-racial segregation in the Chicago metropolitan region and are they similar for the major ethno-racial categories? How is ethno-racial segregation connected to economic class segregation? What are current trends in patterns of segregation? How is public policy in housing and education related to segregation?
Politiques et institutions économiques en Europe et aux Etats-Unis : l’heurt des comptes
Authors: Creel Jérôme
Published: December 2021

Le rebond de croissance intervenu récemment dans la zone euro pourrait déjà se dissiper sous l’effet du ralentissement de la croissance américaine, de l’instabilité financière mondiale et de la poursuite de la montée de l’euro par rapport au dollar. En dépit de ces nouvelles inquiétantes, la statégie économique européenne n’est pas modifiée, au contraire, semble-t-il, de la stratégie américaine. Pour mieux comprendre une telle situation, un détour par l’histoire s’impose.
La pensée polémique : Art du direct et distance critique chez François Furet historien
Authors: Guellec Laurence
Published: December 2021

Faut-il, en préliminaires, définir ce que l’on entend ici par polémique? On s’en tiendra à l’étymologie : polémique, du grec polemikos, qui est relatif à la guerre. Et l’on pastichera Stendhal en ajoutant que la polémique intellectuelle ce pourrait être un coup de pistolet dans le concert des idées, façon de placer cet article sous les bons auspices de la littérature du XIXe siècle, dont l’historien se révèle être un exceptionnel lecteur.
A Fearful Asymmetry: Can American Democracy Survive Globai Hegemony?
Authors: Goldhammer Arthur
Published: December 2021

Anyone who turns from the pages of Tocqueville’s Democracy in America, written in the fourth decade of the nineteenth century, to American democracy as it exists today is confronted at once with a paradox. For in the first sentence of that work Tocqueville says that what struck him most forcefully about America was its "equality of conditions." Yet by many widely used measures of social and economic as opposed to political equality, the United States does not appear to have remained, if indeed it ever was, an especially egalitarian society.
La réception d’Albert O. Hirschman à Paris
Authors: Grémion Pierre
Published: December 2021

L’œuvre d’Albert Hirschman est aujourd’hui internationalement reconnue. Que La Revue Tocqueville lui consacre un numéro spécial en est un nouveau témoignage. Pour ce numéro, il m’a été demandé de traiter de sa réception en France. Aussi examinerai-je comment cette œuvre s’est frayée un chemin dans la ville capitale à partir du milieu de la décennie 1960. Les livres d’Hirschman ont été traduits et édités par différents éditeurs.
Constitution and the code: Jeremy Bentham on the limits of constitutional branch of jurisprudence
Authors: de Champs Emmanuelle
Published: December 2021

In recent years, the focus of much Bentham scholarship has been driven by the publication of new volumes in the Collected Works. Constitutional thought is no exception.
La présence de la Grande Guerre dans les discours : persistence d’une “asymétrie” de mémoire franco-allemande
Authors: Sangar Eric
Published: December 2021

La commémoration du centenaire de la Grande Guerre et les étapes de la marche inexorable à la guerre au cours de l’été 1914 devraient être dans toutes les mémoires. La parution, à l’automne dernier, de l’ouvrage Les somnambules de l’historien australien Christopher Clark [...] vient opportunément rappeler que les causes d’un conflit planétaire, qui fit près de 20 millions de morts civils et militaires, sont loin d’avoir toutes été maîtrisées. [...] La situation du voisin ukrainien — qui a, rappelons-le, des frontières communes avec quatre membres de l’UE — ne mobilise les esprits qu’en apparence, et les égoïsmes nationaux reprennent vite le dessus, une fois passé le choc du journal télévisé.
Tocqueville, America, and Us. Preface written in 2016
Authors: Gauchet Marcel
Published: December 2021

The following article originally appeared in 1980. It is typical of a certain intellectual moment in France, one that fits into a much larger ideological moment—a global one, really—that one might call the “liberal turn” in our recent history.