bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To study the role of pre‐treatment microRNA (micro ribonucleic acid) expression as a predictor of response to chemoradiation in locally advanced carcinoma cervix
Authors: Barik Soumitra , Mitra Swarupa , Suryavanshi Moushumi , Dewan Abhinav , Kaur Inderjeet , Kumar Dushyant , Mishra Maninder , Vishwakarma Gayatri
Published: March 2021

Background

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by brachytherapy is the standard of care in locally advanced carcinoma cervix. There is no prognostic factor at present to predict the outcome of disease in locally advanced carcinoma cervix.

Aim

Differential expression of microRNAs can be used as biomarkers to predict clinical response in locally advanced carcinoma cervix patients.

Methods

Thirty‐two patients of locally advanced carcinoma cervix with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage IB‐IVA were enrolled from 2017 to 2018. Expression of microRNA‐9 5p, ‐31 3p, ‐100 5p, ‐125a 5p, ‐125b‐5p, and –200a 5p in formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) biopsied tissue were analyzed by real time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT qPCR). Pretreatment evaluation was done with clinical examination and MRI pelvis. All patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by brachytherapy. Patients were evaluated for the clinical response after 3 months of treatment, with clinical examination and MRI pelvis scan using RECIST 1.1 criteria. Patients with no residual disease were classified as Complete responders (CR) and with residual or progressive disease were classified as Nonresponders (NR). Results were statistically analyzed using Mann Whiney U test to examine significant difference between the expression of microRNA between complete responders (CR) and nonresponders (NR).

Results

microRNA‐100 5p was upregulated in complete responders (CR) which showed a trend towards statistical significance (p value = 0.05).

Conclusion

microRNA‐100 5p can serve as a potential molecular biomarker in predicting clinical response to chemoradiation in locally advanced Carcinoma cervix. Its role should be further investigated in a larger study population.
Towards human‐oriented solutions for deep semantic data analysis
Authors: Ogiela Lidia , Snášel Václav
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a new data analysis technology based on human‐oriented analysis. This analysis covers semantic methods of data description and interpretation referring to marketing preferences of system users. The proposed methods of cognitive marketing – in order to interpret fully all possible preferences which can occur – are a subject to an analysis focusing on their meaning and usefulness at the stage of product evaluation, promotion, but also regarding product distribution and price. All these processes will constitute marketing analysis due to the possibilities to assess some preferences of the analyzed data. The essence of this paper is a possibility to present the methodology of cognitive marketing based on the application of the meaning analysis which reaches the human brain and the attention attractors registered by the brain, which give rise to some interest or, quite the contrary, which remain unnoticed. A new solution is dedicated to deep semantic analysis based on the registration, processing, and analysis of attention attractors and their perception by individual person. Such attractors can be detected on the basis of observation of how attention is focused on some specific features of the examined information groups. The variety of the examined information and data can enable a wide‐ranging analysis of the issue discussed here; as a result, can assess the degree to which human attention focuses on the process of meaning interpretation of various cognitive features and observations.
Temporal and spatial variation in population structure among brooding sea stars in the genus Leptasterias
Authors: Melroy Laura M. , Cohen C. Sarah
Published: March 2021

Temporal genetic studies of low‐dispersing organisms are rare. Marine invertebrates lacking a planktonic larval stage are expected to have lower dispersal, low gene flow, and a higher potential for local adaptation than organisms with planktonic dispersal. Leptasterias is a genus of brooding sea stars containing several cryptic species complexes. Population genetic methods were used to resolve patterns of fine‐scale population structure in central California Leptasterias species using three loci from nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Historic samples (collected between 1897 and 1998) were compared to contemporary samples (collected between 2008 and 2014) to delineate changes in species distributions in space and time. Phylogenetic analysis of contemporary samples confirmed the presence of a bay‐localized clade and revealed the presence of an additional bay‐localized and previously undescribed clade of Leptasterias. Analysis of contemporary and historic samples indicates two clades are experiencing a constriction in their southern range limit and suggests a decrease in clade‐specific abundance at sites at which they were once prevalent. Historic sampling revealed a dramatically different distribution of diversity along the California coastline compared to contemporary sampling and illustrates the importance of temporal genetic sampling in phylogeographic studies. These samples were collected prior to significant impacts of Sea Star Wasting Disease (SSWD) and represent an in‐depth analysis of genetic structure over 117 years prior to the SSWD‐associated mass die‐off of Leptasterias.
Pregnancy in a patient with Rothmund‐Thomson type 2 syndrome
Authors: Bognoni Ludovica , Colombo Elisa A. , Priolo Manuela , Bognoni Vincenzo , Romeo Sara G.
Published: March 2021

Synopsis

The present study reports a rare case of pregnancy in a 31‐year‐old woman with Rothmund‐Thomson syndrome type 2 who gave birth without major complications.
How Consumer Experience Is Shaped by the Political Orientation of Service Providers
Authors: Davidson Alexander , Theriault Derek A.
Published: March 2021

This research documents the counterintuitive effect that consumers actually have better service experiences with politically conservative service providers, but expect to have better experiences with politically liberal service providers. First, we document the effect in actual consumer service experience across three different contexts (Airbnb hosts, Uber drivers, waiters), and demonstrate that conservative (vs. liberal) providers enhance consumer experience (studies 1, 2a, 2b), because conservative providers are higher on trait‐conscientiousness (study 3). Second, in an experiment (study 4), we document expectations about service experience and demonstrate that consumers expect to receive better service from liberals (vs. conservatives). We explain that this effect emerges because consumers do not perceive that conservatives (vs. liberals) are more conscientious, but do perceive that they are less open. Overall, our theoretical framework outlines how conservative providers possess an unknown strength (higher conscientiousness) and a known weakness (lower openness), which leads to different actual and expected consumer service experiences. These novel findings provide valuable contributions to our understanding of how consumers are impacted by the political orientation of marketplace providers.
Multiple organ dysfunction caused by a ruptured aortic sinus aneurysm: A case report
Authors: Song Jingyu , Pan Xinting
Published: March 2021

Aortic sinus aneurysms are mainly congenital malformations that can involve the left, right, and noncoronary sinus. Rupture of the noncoronary sinus aneurysms is rare, and its mechanisms and complications are still imperfectly known due to the rarity of this condition. A case of multiple organ dysfunction caused by a ruptured noncoronary sinus aneurysm has been reported.
Association of nutrition status and hospital‐acquired infections in older adult orthopedic trauma patients
Authors: Rong Anni , Franco‐Garcia Esteban , Zhou Carmen , Heng Marilyn , Akeju Oluwaseun , Azocar Ruben J. , Quraishi Sadeq A.
Published: March 2021

Background

Malnutrition is linked to suboptimal outcomes following elective surgery. Trauma patients do not typically have an opportunity for preoperative nutrition optimization and may be at risk for malnutrition. Our goal was to investigate whether nutrition status is associated with development of hospital‐acquired infections (HAIs) in older adult, orthopedic trauma patients.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of data between January 1, 2017, and August 30, 2018, from the Massachusetts General Hospital Geriatric Inpatient Fracture Trauma Service. Admission nutrition status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and HAIs were validated through the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project database. To investigate whether nutrition status is associated with HAIs, we performed a multivariable logistic regression analysis controlling for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, glomerular filtration rate, and type of anesthesia.

Results

Four hundred sixty‐one patients comprised the analytic cohort. Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that each unit increment in MNA score was associated with a 13% reduction in risk of HAI (odds ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79–0.97). Furthermore, adjusting for timing of perioperative antibiotics, perioperative transfusions, or development of pressure injury during hospitalization did not materially change these results.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that malnutrition is highly prevalent in older adult, orthopedic trauma patients and that nutrition status may influence the risk of developing HAIs in this cohort of patients. Further studies are needed to determine whether optimizing perioperative nutrition in older adult, orthopedic trauma patients can reduce infectious complications and improve overall health outcomes.
Pannexin‐1 channel regulates nuclear content packaging into apoptotic bodies and their size
Authors: Phan Thanh Kha , Fonseka Pamali , Tixeira Rochelle , Pathan Mohashin , Ang Ching‐Seng , Ozkocak Dilara Ceyda , Mathivanan Suresh , Poon Ivan Ka Ho
Published: March 2021

Apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs), which are large extracellular vesicles exclusively released by apoptotic cells, possess therapeutically exploitable properties including biomolecule loadability and transferability. However, current limited understanding of ApoBD biology has hindered its exploration for clinical use. Particularly, as ApoBD‐accompanying cargoes (e.g., nucleic acids and proteins) have major influence on their functionality, further insights into the mechanism of biomolecule sorting into ApoBDs are critical to unleash their therapeutic potential. Previous studies suggested pannexin 1 (PANX1) channel, a negative regulator of ApoBD biogenesis, can modify synaptic vesicle contents. We also reported that trovafloxacin (a PANX1 inhibitor) increases proportion of ApoBDs containing DNA. Therefore, we sought to define the role of PANX1 in regulating the sorting of nuclear content into ApoBDs. Here, using flow cytometry and label‐free quantitative proteomic analyses, we showed that targeting PANX1 activity during apoptosis, via either pharmacological inhibition or genetic disruption, resulted in enrichment of both DNA and nuclear proteins in ApoBDs that were unexpectedly smaller in size. Our data suggest that PANX1, besides being a key regulator of ApoBD formation, also functions as a negative regulator of nuclear content packaging and modulator of ApoBD size. Together, our findings provide further insights into ApoBD biology and form a novel conceptual framework for ApoBD‐based therapies through pharmacologically manipulating ApoBD contents.
Yoga for depression and anxiety symptoms in people with cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gonzalez Maria , Pascoe Michaela C. , Yang Guoyan , de Manincor Michael , Grant Suzanne , Lacey Judith , Firth Joseph , Sarris Jerome
Published: March 2021

Objective

Cancer and its treatment can lead to a variety of physical and emotional concerns impacting on those affected, including subclinical or clinical depression and anxiety, which in turn have a significant impact on wellbeing, quality of life and survival. The aim of this review was to evaluate the effect of yoga‐based interventions on self‐reported depression and anxiety symptoms in people with cancer in randomized controlled trials.

Method

Six databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Systematic review procedures were followed including a quality assessment. Meta‐analysis of suitable studies was conducted.

Results

26 studies from our search criteria were eligible for inclusion for depressive and 16 for anxiety symptoms. Meta‐analyses revealed evidence for significant medium effects of yoga on depression symptoms (N = 1,486, g = −0.419, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.558 to −0.281, p < 0.001) and anxiety (N = 977, g = −0.347, 95% CI = −0.473 to −0.221, p < 0.001) compared to controls. Subgroup analyses for depressive symptoms revealed significant effects for all analyses performed (type of cancer, type of control, treatment status, duration of intervention or frequency of yoga sessions), with effect sizes being comparable between subgroups. Similar findings were found for anxiety symptoms except for treatment status, where the only significant effect was found when yoga was delivered during active treatment.

Conclusions

This review provides evidence that in people with cancer, yoga‐based interventions are associated with amelioration of depression and anxiety symptoms and therefore a promising therapeutic modality for their management. However, the potential for risk of bias together with control group design challenges means the results should be interpreted with caution.
Changes in clinical trials of endocrine disorder and metabolism and nutrition disorder drugs in mainland China over 2010–2019
Authors: Liu Xin , Wu Suqin , Sun Jian , Ni Suiqin , Lu Laichun , Hu Wei , Wei Hua , Zou Yanqin , Li Ting , Li Jintong , Mijiti Bugela , Fang PingFei , Zhao Limei , Zhou Huan , Xing Xiaoming , Niu Haitao , Cao Yu
Published: March 2021

With the improvements in relevant policies, laws, and regulations regarding drug clinical trials in China, the quantity and quality of drug clinical trials have gradually improved, and the development prospects of drug clinical trials for endocrine disorders and metabolism and nutrition disorders are promising. Based on information from the clinical trials from the online drug clinical trial registration platform of the National Medical Products Administration, we aimed to review and evaluate the development of clinical trials of drugs for endocrine disorders and metabolism and nutrition disorders in mainland China from 2010 to 2019, as well as the trends over time. A total of 861 trials were carried out on 254 types of drugs for endocrine disorders and metabolism and nutrition disorders, among which 531 (61.67%) involved endocrine disorders, and 330 (38.33%) addressed metabolism and nutrition disorders. The annual number of clinical trials has been increasing gradually, with a significant increase in 2017. Among them, the proportion of clinical trials with Chinese epidemiological characteristics was relatively large (Wu, Annual Report on Development Health Management and Health Industry in China, 2018). The largest number of trials were for diabetes drugs (55.63%), followed by trials of drugs for hyperlipidemia (19.4%) and those for hyperuricemia (7.9%). It was found that the geographical area of the leading units also showed obvious unevenness according to the analysis of the test unit data. Based on the statistics and evaluation of the data, comprehensive information is provided to support the cooperation of global pharmaceutical R&D companies and research units in China and the development of international multicenter clinical trials in China. This work additionally provides clinical trial units with a self‐evaluation of scientific research competitiveness and hospital development strategies. At the same time, it provides a reference with basic data for sponsors and stakeholders in these trials to determine their development strategy goals.
Evodiamine alleviates lipopolysaccharide‐induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis by activating apelin pathway
Authors: Ye Cui , Zhang Nan , Zhao Qian , Xie Xin , Li Xiang , Zhu Hong‐Ping , Peng Cheng , Huang Wei , Han Bo
Published: March 2021

Inflammation can cause a series of inflammatory lung disease, which seriously endangers human health. Pulmonary fibrosis is a kind of inflammatory disease with end‐stage lung pathological changes. It has complicated and unknown pathogenesis and is still lack of effective therapeutic drugs. LPS‐induced inflammation is a common feature of many infectious inflammations such as pneumonia, bacteremia, glomerulonephritis, etc. Evodiamine, one of the main components of Evodia rutaecarpa, is an alkaloid with excellent antiinflammatory effects. In this study, we evaluated the protective capacities of evodiamine on LPS‐induced inflammatory damages in vitro and in vivo. MTT method, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and other methods were used for in vitro study to determine the protective capacities of evodiamine. The results suggest that evodiamine can protect murine macrophages from the LPS‐nigericin‐induced damages by (a) inhibiting cellular apoptosis, (b) inhibiting inflammatory cytokines releasing, and (c) activating the apelin pathway. We also used the exogenous apelin‐13 peptide co‐cultured with LPS–nigericin in RAW264.7 cells and found that apelin‐13 contributes to protecting the effects of evodiamine. In vivo, the ELISA method and immunohistochemistry were used to examine inflammatory cytokines, apelin, and histological changes. BALB/c mice were exposed to LPS and subsequent administration of evodiamine （p.o.）for some time, the results of the alveolar lavage fluid and the tissue slices showed that evodiamine treatment alleviated the pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, stimulated apelin expression and inhibited the inflammatory cytokines. These results provide a basis for the protective effect and mechanism of evodiamine in LPS‐induced inflammation and suggest that it might be potential therapeutics in human pulmonary infections.
The Defect Chemistry of Carbon Frameworks for Regulating the Lithium Nucleation and Growth Behaviors in Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Ma Xia‐Xia , Chen Xiang , Bai Yun‐Ke , Shen Xin , Zhang Rui , Zhang Qiang
Published: March 2021

Carbon materials have been widely considered as the frameworks in lithium (Li) metal anodes due to their lightweight, high electrical conductivity, and large specific surface area. Various heteroatom‐doping strategies have been developed to enhance the lithiophilicity of carbon frameworks, thus rendering a uniform Li nucleation in working Li metal batteries. The corresponding lithiophilicity chemistry of doping sites has been comprehensively probed. However, various defects are inevitably introduced into carbon materials during synthesis and their critical role in regulating Li nucleation and growth behaviors is less understood. In this contribution, the defect chemistry of carbon materials in Li metal anodes is investigated through first‐principles calculations. The binding energy towards a Li atom and the critical current density are two key descriptors to reveal the defect chemistry of carbon materials. Consequently, a diagram of designing carbon frameworks with both high lithiophilicity and a large critical current density is built, from which the Stone–Wales defect is predicted to possess the best performance for delivering a uniform Li deposition. This work uncovers the defect chemistry of carbon frameworks and affords fruitful insights into defect engineering for achieving dendrite‐free Li metal anodes.
Note on entropy dynamics in the Brownian SYK model
Authors: Jian Shao-Kai , Swingle Brian
Published: March 2021

Abstract

We study the time evolution of Rényi entropy in a system of two coupled Brownian SYK clusters evolving from an initial product state. The Rényi entropy of one cluster grows linearly and then saturates to the coarse grained entropy. This Page curve is obtained by two different methods, a path integral saddle point analysis and an operator dynamics analysis. Using the Brownian character of the dynamics, we derive a master equation which controls the operator dynamics and gives the Page curve for purity. Insight into the physics of this complicated master equation is provided by a complementary path integral method: replica diagonal and non-diagonal saddles are responsible for the linear growth and saturation of Ŕenyi entropy, respectively.
Warped AdS2 and SU(1, 1|4) symmetry in Type IIB
Authors: Corbino David
Published: March 2021

Abstract

We investigate the existence of solutions with 16 supersymmetries to Type IIB supergravity on a spacetime of the form AdS2× S5× S1 warped over a two-dimensional Riemann surface Σ. The existence of the Lie superalgebra SU(1, 1|4) ⊂ PSU(2, 2|4), whose maximal bosonic subalgebra is SO(1, 2)⊕SO(6)⊕SO(2), motivates the search for half-BPS solutions with this isometry that are asymptotic to AdS5×S5. We reduce the BPS equations to the Ansatz for the bosonic fields and supersymmetry generators compatible with these symmetries, then show that the only non-trivial solution is the maximally supersymmetric solution AdS5× S5. We argue that this implies that no solutions exist for fully back-reacted D7 probe or D7/D3 intersecting branes whose near-horizon limit is of the form AdS2× S5× S1× Σ.
A New “λ2” Term for the Spalart–Allmaras Turbulence Model, Active in Axisymmetric Flows
Authors: Spalart Philippe R. , Garbaruk Andrey V.
Published: March 2021

The new term belongs in the “basic,” free-shear-flow part of the Spalart–Allmaras (SA) model, and extends an idea of the Secundov team, incorporated in the νt-92 model. It detects transverse curvature in the distribution of the eddy viscosity $$ \tilde{\nu } $$

ν
~

, so that it is passive in two-dimensional thin shear flows but potent especially in round jets. It eliminates the large over-prediction of the growth rate of such jets by the SA model, first detected by Birch in 1993. The originality is that the term is proportional to the middle eigenvalue λ2 of the Hessian operator of $$ \tilde{\nu } $$

ν
~

. This is of course an empirical concept, but it is discriminating and rises when the distance r from the cylindrical axis becomes comparable with the length scale δ of the variations in the r direction. The inverted parabola is a prime example of such a distribution, and not unlike the $$ \tilde{\nu } $$

ν
~

distribution in the round jet. The quantity λ2 is not infinitely differentiable, but it is free of singularities, and unlike the νt-92 version, is not dependent on two large quantities cancelling. The core term added to the Lagrangian derivative $$ D\tilde{\nu }/Dt $$

D

ν
~

/
D
t

is simply cb3 λ2$$ \tilde{\nu } $$

ν
~

, where cb3 is a new constant. The computing cost of calculating and ordering the eigenvalues is moderate. We have no proof of well-posedness for the new equation set, but the evidence so far is favorable, both in structured and unstructured grids. The λ2 term is calibrated on a fully-developed round jet, and tested in nine other cases, either 2D flows or flows in which r » δ, finding that in the latter it is negligible as expected. This is although the cb3 constant is rather large, namely 6. The λ2 term is not strong enough to make a mature vortex fully relaminarize as would be desirable, but the eddy viscosity drops by 74%. The raw λ2 term reduces the eddy viscosity in pipe flow, where that is detrimental; therefore, in the final model, it is multiplied by a function of the rSA parameter of the SA model, which is a measure of wall proximity. The λ2 term appears to be a safe addition to the SA model, and its application in different codes and to a variety of flows to be desirable.
Exploring the acceptance of telehealth within palliative care: A self-determination theory perspective
Authors: Keenan Joseph , Rahman Rachel , Hudson Joanne
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper was to explore potential divergence and convergence in relation to health care professionals’ and patients’ acceptability of the use of telehealth within palliative care provision through the lens of Self-Determination Theory. The research utilized a deductive qualitative approach utilizing semi-structured interviews to explore divergence and convergence between health care professionals’ preconceptions of the use of telehealth in palliative care and the lived experiences of patients accessing support in this manner. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with both professionals and patients to explore whether the barriers and benefits of telehealth perceived by professionals corresponded to the patient’s lived experience of utilizing the technology in their palliative care. Interviews were analyzed using a deductive thematic analysis. Professionals and patients identified that the use of telehealth could satisfy the need for autonomy, however this manifested in different ways. Greater divergence was apparent between patient and professional perceptions about how telehealth could satisfy the need for relatedness and competence needs. The findings of this paper highlight how professionals preconceived concerns about the use of telehealth in relation to providing supportive palliative care may not be realized when exploring the experiences of patients accessing services through this medium. This paper highlights the important role of psychological need satisfaction when considering acceptability of telehealth, and motivation to engage in the implementation of technologically driven health services.
Fuzzy machine learning approach for transitioned building footprints extraction using dual-sensor temporal data
Authors: Hamde Narayan Shankar , Kumar Anil , Maithani Sandeep
Published: March 2021

This study presents a fuzzy approach, for detection of transitioned building footprints in urban area using medium resolution datasets. Multi-temporal remote sensing data sets from Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager and Sentinel-2A were used for generation of temporal indices database. The database was generated using class-based sensor independent-normalized difference vegetation index approach, with an aim to reduce spectral dimensionality of each image and maintain temporal dimensionality. The temporal indices database was subsequently used as input in Modified Possibilistic c-means classifier for transitioned building footprints extraction. The identified transitioned building locations were validated using ground samples as well as from Google images at four different test sites. For accuracy assessment, F-measure was calculated and its value was 0.75 or higher for all training and testing sites. Thus, using proposed fuzzy approach, transitioned building footprints were accurately identified compared to traditional techniques.
A Concise History of Australia
Authors: Macintyre Stuart
Published: March 2021

Stuart Macintyre, one of Australia's most highly regarded historians, revisits A Concise History of Australia to provoke readers to reconsider Australia's past and its relationship to the present. Integrating new scholarship with the historical record, the fifth edition of A Concise History of Australia brings together the long narrative of Australia's First Nations' peoples; the arrival of Europeans and the era of colonies, convicts, gold and free settlers; the foundation of a nation state; and the social, cultural, political and economic developments that created a modern Australia. As we enter the third decade of the twenty-first century, Macintyre's Australia remains one of achievements and failures. So too the future possibilities are deeply rooted in the country's past endeavours. A Concise History of Australia is an invitation to examine this past.
The Material Politics of Finance: The Ticker Tape and the London Stock Exchange, 1860s–1890s
Authors: HANDEL JOHN
Published: March 2021

When the ticker tape was first invented in the 1860s, it promised a revolution in financial markets. Pricing information was now no longer solely the domain of the trading floor but was relayed continuously and simultaneously to ticker tapes long distances away from the stock exchange. Both nineteenth-century financiers, and the modern scholars who study them, have been enamored with the ticker tape and how it changed the way financial markets were perceived and experienced. However, a focus on how nineteenth-century financiers read and responded to the ticker tape has missed the real reordering of power that the ticker helped usher in. This article argues that between the 1860s and 1890s the London Stock Exchange and the Exchange Telegraph Company powerfully centralized their control over the distribution and transmission of financial information through the mundane infrastructures that underpinned the ticker tape system. Seeming technicalities, like the placement of batteries, the construction of electrical circuits, and the laying of wires and cables, were leveraged by these institutions to create a ticker tape system that distributed financial information unequally to financiers and investors throughout Britain. By the end of the nineteenth century, social and political questions about who should have access to financial information and markets, and on what terms, became helplessly intertwined with the mundane technicalities of the material infrastructures of modern finance.
Long-term effect of parental selenium supplementation on the one-carbon metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry exposed to hypoxic stress
Authors: Wischhusen Pauline , Heraud Cécile , Skjærven Kaja , Kaushik Sadasivam J. , Fauconneau Benoit , Antony Jesu Prabhu Philip , Fontagné-Dicharry Stéphanie
Published: March 2021

This study evaluated how different forms of selenium (Se) supplementation into rainbow trout broodstock diets modified the one-carbon metabolism of the progeny after the beginning of exogenous feeding and followed by hypoxia challenge. The progeny of three groups of rainbow trout broodstock fed either a control diet (Se level: 0·3 µg/g) or a diet supplemented with inorganic sodium selenite (Se level: 0·6 µg/g) or organic hydroxy-selenomethionine (Se level: 0·6 µg/g) was cross-fed with diets of similar Se composition for 11 weeks. Offspring were sampled either before or after being subjected to an acute hypoxic stress (1·7 mg/l dissolved oxygen) for 30 min. In normoxic fry, parental Se supplementation allowed higher glutathione levels compared with fry originating from parents fed the control diet. Parental hydroxy-selenomethionine treatment also increased cysteine and cysteinyl–glycine concentrations in fry. Dietary Se supplementation decreased glutamate–cysteine ligase (cgl) mRNA levels. Hydroxy-selenomethionine feeding also lowered the levels of some essential free amino acids in muscle tissue. Supplementation of organic Se to parents and fry reduced betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (bhmt) expression in fry. The hypoxic stress decreased whole-body homocysteine, cysteine, cysteinyl-glycine and glutathione levels. Together with the higher mRNA levels of cystathionine beta-synthase (cbs), a transsulphuration enzyme, this suggests that under hypoxia, glutathione synthesis through transsulphuration might have been impaired by depletion of a glutathione precursor. In stressed fry, S-adenosylmethionine levels were significantly decreased, but S-adenosylhomocysteine remained stable. Decreased bhmt and adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1a (amd1a) mRNA levels in stressed fry suggest a nutritional programming by parental Se also on methionine metabolism of rainbow trout.
Anthropometric cut-points for discriminating diabetes and the metabolic syndrome among Arabs and Asians: the Kuwait Diabetes Epidemiology Program
Authors: Oguoma Victor M. , Coffee Neil T. , Alsharrah Saad , Abu-Farha Mohamed , Al-Refaei Faisal H. , Alkandari Abdullah , Al-Mulla Fahd , Daniel Mark
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to determine anthropometric cut-points for screening diabetes and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Arab and South Asian ethnic groups in Kuwait and to compare the prevalence of the MetS based on the ethnic-specific waist circumference (WC) cut-point and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute WC criteria. The national population-based survey data set of diabetes and obesity in Kuwait adults aged 18–60 years was analysed. Age-adjusted logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted to evaluate for 3589 individuals the utility of WC, waist:height ratio (WHtR) and BMI to discriminate both diabetes and ≥3 CVD risk factors. Areas under the ROC curve were similar for WC, WHtR and BMI. In Arab men, WC, WHtR and BMI cut-offs for diabetes were 106 cm, 0·55 and 28 kg/m2 and for ≥3 CVD risk factors, 97 cm, 0·55 and 28 kg/m2, respectively. In Arab women, cut-offs for diabetes were 107 cm, 0·65 and 33 kg/m2 and for ≥3 CVD risk factors, 93 cm, 0·60 and 30 kg/m2, respectively. WC cut-offs were higher for South Asian women than men. IDF-based WC cut-offs corresponded to a higher prevalence of the MetS across sex and ethnic groups, compared with Kuwait-specific cut-offs. Any of the assessed anthropometric indices can be used in screening of diabetes and ≥3 CVD risk factors in Kuwaiti Arab and Asian populations. ROC values were similar. The WC threshold for screening the MetS in Kuwaiti Arabs and South Asians is higher for women.
An acoustic study of quasi-phonemic vowels in Ampenan Sasak
Authors: Pappas Leah
Published: March 2021

In a variety of Sasak called Ampenan Sasak in this paper, traditional documentation and analytical methods based on auditory perception reveal allophonic patterns in alternations of height among mid-vowels. High mid-vowels occur in final syllables ending in [ʔ] or no-coda (e.g. [tokoʔ] ‘fish species native to Lombok’) while low mid-vowels occur in final syllables ending in all other consonants (e.g. [tɔkɔl] ‘to sit’). However, words deviate from these patterns in several minimal pairs (e.g. [bəɾəmbok] ‘to discuss’ and [bəɾəmbɔk] ‘to breathe’) and in some borrowings (e.g. [agostos] ‘August’), suggesting a quasi-phonemic status for back mid-vowels; they behave like both phonemes and allophones. This study analyzes the phonetic properties of mid-vowels through an acoustic analysis of the F1 and F2 of 2,448 vowel tokens. Results suggest that mid-vowels are largely predictable among non-borrowed vocabulary. In final syllables, syllable openness serves as a predictor for the height of mid-vowels. In pre-final syllables, syllable openness has no effect on the height of the vowel. Rather, the height of pre-final mid-vowels is predictable based on the height of the final-syllable vowel. In consideration of both elicitation and acoustic evidence, this paper adopts a descriptive approach by stating that Ampenan Sasak back mid-vowels are largely predictable, with some exceptions. Further, the paper questions whether all sounds must be identified as a ‘phoneme’ or an ‘allophone’ and argues that quasi-phonemic segments are a valuable intermediate descriptor for both phonological theory and language documentation.
Performing Glinka's Opera A Life for the Tsar on the Village Stage
Authors: Mannherz Julia
Published: March 2021

Between 1896 and 1917, the Perm΄ “Guardianship of Popular Sobriety”—an organization funded by the Ministry of Finance and supervised by the provincial governor—ran a popular choir program that engendered enthusiastic artistic collaboration between peasants, workers, the regional intelligentsia, and state officials. One major achievement of participants were amateur performances of Glinka's monarchical opera A Life for the Tsar throughout Perm΄ province. This article focuses on the musical activities of one peasant women, E.N. Shniukova, and argues that provincial and otherwise unknown musicians, many of whom were women, played a key role in spreading cultural values and shaping musical life in the early twentieth century. These regional musicians rejected the peripheral position that their location and social position otherwise suggested and proudly viewed their villages as centers of artistic creativity.
Limbic encephalitis due to antineuronal antibodies
Authors: Wagner-Altendorf Tobias A. , Cirkel Anna , Münte Thomas F.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Limbic encephalitis (LE) is an encephalopathic syndrome caused by antineuronal antibodies against extracellular or intracellular neuronal structures. LE may present clinically with a variety of symptoms, including epileptic seizures, cognitive and memory deficits, and personality changes. Whereas LE mediated by antibodies against intracellular antigens is frequently of paraneoplastic origin and associated with a poorer prognosis, LE mediated by antibodies against extracellular or transmembrane antigens causes potentially reversible neuronal dysfunction and, given early diagnosis and treatment, is associated with a comparatively benign prognosis. We present and discuss four different cases of autoantibody-mediated LE, with different clinical outcomes and both with and without paraneoplastic origin. Red flags pointing to the diagnosis of antibody-mediated LE include rapidly progressing personality changes or memory deficits and disorientation, novel epileptic seizures, and a history of neoplasia.
Development and Climate Change Contribute to a Himalayan Tragedy
Authors: Padma T.
Published: March 2021

Infrastructure projects like roads and dams destabilize slopes and compound the effects of glacial floods and avalanches, scientists say.
Determining the isotopic composition of elements from the electrospray ionization mass spectra of their chemical species
Authors: Blanchard E. , Paredes E. , Rincel A. , Nonell A. , Chartier F. , Bresson C.
Published: March 2021

Isotopic composition of elements was determined by applying a deconvolution method that we developed to electrospray mass spectra of the associated chemical species.
Signal enhancement in underwater long-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for the analysis of bulk water
Authors: Li Nan , Nishi Naoya , Zheng Ronger , Sakka Tetsuo
Published: March 2021

Significant signal enhancement in underwater laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for the analysis of bulk water by using a long ns pulse.
Ultrafast nonequilibrium dynamic process of separate electrons and holes during exciton formation in few-layer tungsten disulfide
Authors: Chen Junjie , Guo Sen , Lin Dabin , Nie Zhaogang , Huang Chung-Che , Hu Kaige , Wang Cheng , Zhang Fangteng , Zhao Weiren , Zhang Wenchun
Published: March 2021

Separate electron and hole dynamic processes during the formation process of the lowest excitons at the K-valley in few-layer WS2.
Fundamentals of integrated ferrohydrodynamic cell separation in circulating tumor cell isolation
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhao Wujun , Cheng Rui , Harris Bryana N. , Murrow Jonathan R. , Hodgson Jamie , Egan Mary , Bankey Anastacia , Nikolinakos Petros G. , Laver Travis , Meichner Kristina , Mao Leidong
Published: March 2021

We present the fundamental theory and experimental validations of an integrated ferrohydrodynamic cell separation (iFCS) method that can isolate circulating tumor cells with a high recovery rate.
Synthesizing a surface-imprinted polymer based on the nanoreactor SBA-15 for optimizing the adsorption of salicylic acid from aqueous solution by response surface methodology
Authors: Xu Haiqing , Gao Yuhang , Tao Qiantu , Li Aiping , Liu Zhanchao , Jiang Yinhua , Liu Hongwei , Yang Rongguang , Liu Yan
Published: March 2021

The molecularly imprinted polymer prepared on the nanoreactor SBA-15 displayed excellent ordered mesoporous structure and superior adsorption property for salicylic acid.
Superamphiphobic coatings with antifouling and nonflammable properties using functionalized hydroxyapatite
Authors: Ai Jixin , Guo Zhiguang , Liu Weimin
Published: March 2021

Functional superamphiphobic coatings have attracted much attention due to their promising application prospects in oil transportation and anti-contamination, which call for the requirements of flame retardancy.
Rivastigmine attenuates the Alzheimer's disease related protein degradation and apoptotic neuronal death signalling
Authors: Gupta Parul , Tiwari Shubhangini , Singh Abhishek , Pal Amit , Mishra Amit , Singh Sarika
Published: March 2021

Rivastigmine is a clinical drug for patients of Alzheimer's disease (AD) exerting its inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase activity however, its effect on other disease-related pathological mechanisms are not yet known. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of rivastigmine on protein aggregation and degradation related mechanisms employing streptozotocin (STZ) induced experimental rat model. The known inhibitory effect of rivastigmine on cognition and acetylcholinesterase activity was observed in both cortex and hippocampus and further its effect on tau level, amyloid aggregation, biochemical alterations, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, calcium homeostasis, proteasome activity and apoptosis was estimated. STZ administration in rat brain caused significant cognitive impairment, augmented acetylcholinesterase activity, tau phosphorylation and amyloid aggregation which were significantly inhibited with rivastigmine treatment. STZ also caused significant biochemical alterations which were attenuated with rivastigmine treatment. Since AD pathology is related to protein aggregation and we have found disease-related amyloid aggregation, further the investigation was done to decipher the ER functionality and apoptotic signalling. STZ caused significantly altered level of ER stress related markers (GRP78, GADD153 and caspase-12) which were significantly inhibited with rivastigmine treatment. Furthermore, the effect of rivastigmine was estimated on proteasome activity in both regions. Rivastigmine treatment significantly enhances the proteasome activity and may contributes in removal of amyloid aggregation. In conclusion, findings suggested that along with inhibitory effect of rivastigmine on acetylcholinesterase activity and up to some extent on cognition, it has significant effect on disease-related biochemical alterations, ER functionality, protein degradation machinery and neuronal apoptosis.
Altered intestinal epithelial nutrient transport: an underappreciated factor in obesity modulated by diet and microbiota
Authors: Sundaram Shanmuga , Borthakur Alip
Published: March 2021

Dietary nutrients absorbed in the proximal small intestine and assimilated in different tissues have a profound effect on overall energy homeostasis, determined by a balance between body's energy intake and expenditure. In obesity, altered intestinal absorption and consequently tissue assimilation of nutrients may disturb the energy balance leading to metabolic abnormalities at the cellular level. The absorption of nutrients such as sugars, amino acids and fatty acids released from food digestion require high-capacity transporter proteins expressed in the intestinal epithelial absorptive cells. Furthermore, nutrient sensing by specific transporters/receptors expressed in the epithelial enteroendocrine cells triggers release of gut hormones involved in regulating energy homeostasis via their effects on appetite and food intake. Therefore, the intestinal epithelial cells play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of obesity and associated complications. Over the past decade, gut microbiota has emerged as a key factor contributing to obesity via its effects on digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine, and energy harvest from dietary fiber, undigested component of food, in the large intestine. Various mechanisms of microbiota effects on obesity have been implicated. However, the impact of obesity-associated microbiota on the intestinal nutrient transporters needs extensive investigation. This review marshals the limited studies addressing the altered structure and function of the gut epithelium in obesity with special emphasis on nutrient transporters and role of diet and microbiota. The review also discusses the thoughts and controversies and research gaps in this field.
Une éducation thérapeutique de 3egénération
Authors: Golay Alain , Vanistendael Stefan
Published: March 2021

L’éducation thérapeutique (ETP) s’est développée pour les maladies chroniques. Les modèles pédagogiques centrés notamment sur la personne ont permis aux patients de mieux connaître et comprendre leur maladie et comment la traiter. Cependant, les connaissances sont nécessaires mais pas suffisantes. Dans un deuxième temps, des modèles psychologiques ont soutenu le patient à mieux vivre, à mieux accepter l’inacceptable maladie. L’ETP nous aide, à susciter de la motivation chez nos patients. Ces derniers vont rechercher une meilleure qualité de vie, une autonomie retrouvée. Ce texte propose une 3egénération d’ETP qui nous incite à réfléchir sur la grande question : mais qu’est-ce qui motive nos patients à se soigner ? Quel est le sens de notre vie ? Quelles sont nos valeurs ? Une ETP de 3egénération pourrait-elle nous faire grandir ? À l’aide d’un modèle, la « casita des ressources », nous recherchons avec les patients leurs ressources pour améliorer leur estime de soi, pour les accompagner à consolider leurs valeurs, donner du sens à leur vie et à leur démarche. Pour se soigner, il est nécessaire d’avoir une bienveillance envers soi-même pour garder une identité malgré la maladie, « autrement, on risque d’être à côté de soi-même ».
Leberresektionen können bei vorsichtiger Patientenselektion auch in Zirrhose sicher durchgeführt werden
Authors: Penzkofer Lea , Huber Tobias , Mittler Jens , Lang Hauke , Heinrich Stefan
Published: March 2021

Hintergrund Das hepatozelluläre Karzinom (HCC) ist der häufigste maligne Lebertumor in einer Leberzirrhose. Neben der Lebertransplantation stellt die Leberresektion in kompensierter
Zirrhose eine kurative Therapieoption dar, die jedoch mit einer höheren postoperativen Morbidität und Mortalität einhergeht.

Patienten Es wurden 108 Patienten identifiziert, die mit einer Leberzirrhose im Zeitraum von Januar 2008 bis Dezember 2019 an der Universitätsmedizin Mainz eine Leberresektion
erhalten haben. Im gleichen Zeitraum wurden 185 Resektionen wegen eines HCC in nicht zirrhotischer Leber durchgeführt. Als weitere Kontrollgruppe dienten 167 Resektionen wegen kolorektaler
Lebermetastasen (CRLM), die dem Ausmaß der Resektionen in Leberzirrhose entsprachen. Neben den generellen Patientencharakteristika wurde bei allen Patienten präoperativ der Charlson
Comorbidity Index (CCI) erhoben und der MELD-/Child-Score bestimmt. Die perioperative Morbidität wurde nach der Clavien-Dindo-Klassifikation erfasst. Resektionen eines HCC in Zirrhose und
kolorektaler Lebermetastasen wurden zudem in einer Match-Pair-Analyse verglichen.

Ergebnisse Die 3 Gruppen waren hinsichtlich des Alters zum Operationszeitpunkt vergleichbar. Die präoperative Leberfunktion war bei Patienten mit CRLM signifikant besser
(p < 0,001). Patienten mit einem HCC in einer nicht zirrhotischen Leber hatten ausgedehntere Resektionen (p < 0,001) als Patienten mit HCC in zirrhotischer Leber. Die Gesamtmorbidität
(Clavien/Dindo Grad III – IV) war bei Patienten mit einem HCC in Zirrhose höher als bei Patienten mit kolorektalen Lebermetastasen (p = 0,026). Dies bestätigte sich auch in der
Match-Pair-Analyse. Die Mortalität war im gesamten Kollektiv vergleichbar niedrig (2,2%). Weder MELD- noch Child-Score ließen eine Aussage über die postoperative Morbidität und Mortalität zu
(Area under the Curve: AUC jeweils < 0,6). Der CCI erreichte mit einer AUC von 0,78 eine hinreichende Vorhersage auf die postoperative Mortalität.

Schlussfolgerung Resektionen in einer Leberzirrhose sind bei einer Begrenzung des Resektionsausmaßes und entsprechender Patientenselektion mit einem vertretbaren Risiko möglich.
Komorbiditäten erhöhen zusätzlich zu einer Einschränkung der Leberfunktion die postoperative Mortalität, weshalb diese unbedingt in die Patientenselektion integriert werden sollten.