bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polymer micro-lenses as an long-coupling-distance interfacing layer in low-cost optical coupling solution between optical fibers and photonic integrated waveguide circuits
Authors: Kaźmierczak Andrzej , Słowikowski Mateusz , Pavłov Krystian , Filipiak Maciej , Piramidowicz Ryszard
Published: December 2019

We present a low-cost scheme for non-permanent optical signal coupling for prospective application in single use photonic integrated chips. The proposed scheme exploits the use of polymer kinoform microlenses. The feasibility of the proposed solution is demonstrated by the experimental investigation of the optical signal coupling from single mode optical fiber (SMF) to the test structure of SixNy integrated waveguide. Full Text: PDF ReferencesM. Smit et al., "An introduction to InP-based generic integration technology," Semiconductor Science and Technology, 29 (8), 083001, 2014 CrossRef R. Baets et al., "Silicon Photonics: silicon nitride versus silicon-on-insulator," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optical Society of America, 2016), paper Th3J.1. CrossRef K. Shiraishi et al., "A silicon-based spot-size converter between single-mode fibers and Si-wire waveguides using cascaded tapers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 141120 (2007) CrossRef Y. Sobu et al., "GaInAsP/InP waveguide dual core spot size converter for optical fiber,"IEEE Photonic Society 24th Annual Meeting, 469-470, (2011). CrossRef F. Van Laere et al., "Compact and Highly Efficient Grating Couplers Between Optical Fiber and Nanophotonic Waveguides," Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 151-156, Jan. 2007. CrossRef A. Kaźmierczak et al., "Light coupling and distribution or Si3N4/SiO2 integrated multichannel single mode sensing system," Opt. Eng. 48, 2009, pp. 014401 CrossRef M. Rossi et al., "Arrays of anamorphic phase-matched Fresnel elements for diode-to-fiber coupling," Appl. Opt. 34, 2483-2488 (1995) CrossRef M. Prasciolu et al, "Fabrication of Diffractive Optical Elements On-Fiber for Photonic Applications by Nanolitography," Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Volume 42, (2003) CrossRef F.Schiappelli et al., "Efficient fiber-to-waveguide coupling by a lens on the end of the optical fiber fabricated by focused ion beam milling" Microelectronic Engineering Volumes 73-74, pp.397-404 (2004) CrossRef
Izražanje časovnih razmerij v latinskih in grških Aci in Nci stavkih: nekaj novejših spoznanj in njihovi uporabni vidiki
Authors: Kavčič Jerneja
Published: December 2019

Latinski in starogški stavki AcI in NcI izražajo težnjo po stanjskosti in so v tem smislu primerljivi z nedoločniškim polstavki v modernih jezikih (na primer v angleščini). Vzporednica med modernimi jeziki in staro grščino se nadalje kaže pri izražanju preddobnosti v obravnanih nedoločniških polstavkih: zdi se, da je v stari grščini to vlogo postopoma (od klasične dobe dalje) prevzemal infinitiv perfekta, kar je skladno z domnevo o istovetnosti med perfektom v grščini v omenjenem obdobju in v modernih jezikih, kakršna sta angleščina in nizozemščina (Haspelmath 1992). Razmere v grščini pa so posebne v tem smislu, da se v isti vlogi uporablja tudi infinitiv aorista (in redkeje, infinitiv prezenta) – pri čemer pa je raba omenjenih infinitivov v vlogi izražanja preddobnosti, kot se zdi, omejena na specifične, predvidljive kontekste. Eden od teh kontekstov je tako imenovani mitološko-zgodovinski stavčni tip, znotraj katerega se nadredni glagol govorjena ali mišljenja (praviloma) nanaša na čas govorjenja, medtem ko se infinitiv aorista, rabljen znotraj odvisnega nedoločniškega polstavka, nanaša na dogodek v povezavi z dobro znano mitološko ali zgodovinsko osebo (Kavčič, v tisku). Vse navedene težnje pri izražanju časovnih razmerij znotraj AcI in NcI stavkov dopolnjujejo tradicionalni pogled na te stavke v klasičnih jezikih in omogočajo izboljšavo didaktičnega procesa.
« The two old bachelors » de Edward Lear: étude sémantique et traductologique
Authors: Cusimano Christophe
Published: December 2019

Cet article a pour ambition de saisir du point de vue de la sémantique interprétative un court-texte poétique de Edward Lear intitulé « The two old bachelors »1 (tiré de Laughable lyrics, a fourth book of nonsense poems, songs, botany, music, etc, 1877) traduit en français exactement un siècle plus tard par Patrick Hersant (Edward Lear – Nonsense, 1977, éd. Ombres). Outre une analyse proprement sémantique de la version originale anglaise du poème et de ce qui en fait un texte absurde, nous souhaitons montrer sur la base de cette analyse préparatoire comment Patrick Hersant a tranché le dilemme traductologique auquel il a été confronté : en effet, une partie de l'absurde reposant sur l'homonymie en anglais, le traducteur a livré une interprétation très peu fidèle à l'original, peut être volontairement.
Influência do tamanho e da escarificação dos diásporos na emergência e estabelecimento de Pterodon emarginatus
Authors: Mota Nayara Mesquita , Fortini Evandro Alexandre , Luz Giovana Rodrigues , Veloso Maria das Dores Magalhães , Fernandes Geraldo Wilson , Nunes Yule Roberta Ferreira
Published: December 2019

Esse trabalho buscou verificar a influência do tamanho dos diásporos e de tratamentos de escarificação sobre a taxa de emergência e crescimento inicial de Pterodon emarginatus Vog. (Fabaceae) após um ano de armazenamento. Diásporos da espécie foram medidos, pesados e separados em três classes de tamanho, com amplitude determinada pela largura do fruto, sendo submetidos posteriormente à escarificação térmica e mecânica. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 10 repetições. Foi realizada análise de sobrevivência, além de análise de variância e pós-teste de Tukey, para verificar diferenças significativas na porcentagem de emergência dos diásporos. Para detectar a variação no crescimento inicial das plântulas utilizaram-se modelos lineares generalizados. Os tratamentos consorciados com os maiores diásporos influenciaram positivamente a porcentagem de emergência. Diásporos maiores também resultaram em plântulas com maiores diâmetros e maior comprimento do caule. A escarificação mecânica proporcionou maior alocação de biomassa nas raízes. Sugere-se que diásporos de P. emarginatus sejam submetidos a tratamentos pré-germinativos, para potencializar a emergência e formação de plântulas, sendo recomendada a seleção dos diásporos maiores.
Detailed analytical studies of 1,2,4-triazole derivatized quinoline
Authors: Somagond Shilpa Mallappa , Wari Manjunath Ningappa , Shaikh Saba Kauser Jaweed , Inamdar Sanjeev Ramchandra , Shankar Madan Kumar , Prasad Dasappa Jagadeesh , Kamble Ravindra Ramappa
Published: December 2019

The present study describes, the X-ray single crystal analysis of 4-((2-chloro-6-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)methyl)-2-phenyl-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3(4H)-one (TMQ). The crystal data for C19H15ClN4O2: monoclinic, space group P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.3314(15) Å, b = 12.459(3) Å, c = 18.948(4) Å, β = 98.322(9)°, V = 1712.5(6) Å3, Z = 4, T = 296.15 K, μ(MoKα) = 0.245 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.423 g/cm3, 5082 reflections measured (3.926° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 38.556°), 1428 unique (Rint = 0.0545, Rsigma = 0.0574) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0423 (I >2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.1145 (all data). The Density functional theory optimized molecular geometries in TMQ agree closely with those obtained from crystallographic studies. The Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) energy levels and energy gap were calculated by experimental (UV absorption & Cyclic voltammetry) and theoretical studies in two different solvents. The natural bond orbital analysis was performed to understand the molecular interaction on the basis of stability of molecule arising from hyper-conjugative interaction and charge delocalization. Hirshfeld surface and their related fingerprint plots enabled the identification of significant intermolecular interaction. The molecular electrostatic potential analysis provides the visual image of the chemically active sites and comparable reaction of atoms.
Catalytic activity of nanosized Au/CeO2 catalyst towards H2O2 decomposition and the role of cationic/metallic ratio in its activity
Authors: Abd El-Moemen Ayman
Published: December 2019

The catalytic decomposition of H2O2 on differently pre-treated Au/CeO2 catalyst was studied by kinetic measurements at 20-50 °C. The prepared catalyst was subjected to pre-treatment by heating either in oxidative (10% O2/N2) or inert (pure N2)atmosphere at 400 °C. The different oxidation states of gold were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The Au/CeO2 catalyst exhibited an excellent catalytic activity towards H2O2 decomposition. The catalytic activity of oxygen pre-treated sample was about twice higher than that measured for nitrogen pre-treated sample. This finding ran parallel to the amount of Aun+ as determined by XPS, indicating the role played by Aun+ species as the most active catalyst’s constituent. However, one cannot overlook the role of metallic gold in catalyzing the H2O2, decomposition showing small activity compared to that of cationic gold. The average crystallites size of metallic gold particles was found to be 7±0.5 nm independent of the pre-treatment conditions. The apparent activation energy of the catalyzed reaction was found to be 46.5 and 47.8 kJ/mol for oxygen and nitrogen pre-treatment, respectively.
Hirshfeld surface and theoretical studies of 2,2,2-trichloro-N,N-bis(2-(2,2,2-trichloroacetamido)phenyl)acetamide compound
Authors: Aydogdu Immihan Sezen , Gumus Ilkay , Arslan Hakan
Published: December 2019

The vibrational frequencies, atomic charges and the related properties of the 2,2,2-trichloro-N,N-bis(2-(2,2,2-trichloroacetamido)phenyl)acetamide (H2LNNN) were investi-gated by Ab-initio Hartree-Fock (HF) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods such as BLYP, B3LYP, B3PW91 and mPW1PW91 functionals with 6-31G(d,p) and 6-311G(d,p) basis sets. The experimentally determined parameters were compared with those calculated theoretically and they were found to complement each other with a very good correlation. The theoretical vibrational spectrum of H2LNNN molecule was interpreted by means of potential energy distributions using the SQM 2.0 program. The Hirshfeld surface analysis was carried out to discuss the role of the hydrogen bonds and other intermolecular contacts in crystal lattice. Hirshfeld surface analysis revealed the occurrence of Cl⋯H, Cl⋯Cl, Cl⋯C, H···H, O⋯H, C···H and Cl···π interactions that display an important role on the crystal packing stabilization of the compound.
Vibrational spectroscopic and Hirshfeld surface analysis of N,N'-(azanediylbis(2,1-phenylene))bis(2-chloropropanamide)
Authors: Polat Aysegul Suzan , Gumus Ilkay , Arslan Hakan
Published: December 2019

The title molecule, N,N'-(azanediylbis(2,1-phenylene))bis(2-chloropropanamide) (LNNN) was synthesized and characterized by means of Hirshfeld surface analysis and vibrational (FT-IR and RAMAN) studies. Ab-initio Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT; BLYP, B3LYP, B3PW91 and mPW1PW91) calculations were accomplished using 6-31G(d,p) and 6-311G(d,p) basis sets. The comparison of calculated bond lengths and angles with X-ray crystal structure shows sufficient agreement. The solid phase FT-IR and FT-RAMAN spectra of LNNN have been recorded in the regions 4000-525 cm-1 and 4000-50 cm-1, respectively. A comparative analysis between the calculated and experimental vibrational frequencies was carried out and significant bands were assigned. The results indicated a good correlation between experimental and theoretical IR and RAMAN frequencies. A detailed analysis of the intermolecular interactions via Hirshfeld surface analysis and fingerprint plots revealed that supramolecular structure of the LNNN is stabilized mainly by the formation of H···H, C···H, Cl···H ve O···H  intermolecular interactions.
C-C and C-H bond cleavage reactions in acenaphthylene aromatic molecule, an ab-initio density functional theory study
Authors: Shanshal Muthana Abduljabbar , Yusuf Qhatan Adnan
Published: December 2019

The ab-initio DFT method (B3LYP) is applied to the study of the C-C and C-H bond cleavage reactions in acenaphthylene molecule. It is found that the C-C bond cleavage proceeds via a singlet aromatic transition state, compelled through a disrotatoric ring opening reaction. A sigmatropic H atom shift follows the transition state in some of these reactions, where the formation of a methylene -CH2,acetylenyl-, allenyl- or butadienyl moiety in the final product is possible. The calculated activation and reaction energies for the C-C ring opening are 164-236 and 52-193 kcal/mol, respectively. The calculated cleavage reaction energies for the C-H bonds are 117-122 kcal/mol and the activation energies are 147-164 kcal/mol.
Effects of Culture on Green Purchase Intention, the Mediating Role of New Ecological Paradigm, Environmental Collective Efficacy and Environmental Knowledge
Authors: Ansari Muhammad Yawer , Siddique Danish Ahmed
Published: December 2019

This study evaluated the effects of culture value dimension on green purchase intention and analyzed the mediating role of the New Ecological Paradigm, Environmental Collective Efficacy, and Environmental Knowledge. Even though previous studies have researched the effect of culture value dimension on green purchase intention but mediating role of NEP, ECF and EN were not focused. Therefore, we proposed a new theoretical frame of green purchase intention, modifying (Ghazali et al., 2017) model focusing on cultural aspects, and further on, including Pro-environmental behavioral factor based on (Lee, 2017). The empirical validity was established through a survey of more than 200 consumers using closed-ended Likert scale type questions. The study found that the New Ecological paradigm, Environmental Collective efficacy, and Environmental Knowledge have no significant influence on green purchase intention. However, Collectivism has a significant relationship with Environmental Collective Efficacy and the New Ecological Paradigm. No mediating role has been found in this study. However, four culture value dimensions that are Collectivism, Masculinity, Uncertainty Avoidance, and long-term orientation were directly analyzed with green purchase intention and results show that long-term orientation has a significant influence on green purchase intention, but collectivism, masculinity, and uncertainty avoidance have no influence on green purchase intention. The results reveal that Environmental Collective Efficacy and the New Ecological Paradigm are not significant predictors of green purchase intention, but Environmental Knowledge is an important predictor.
Noisemakers! Putting the Analog in Digital Humanities
Authors: Ferrando Serena , Wardecker Mark
Published: December 2019

Noisefest! is an interactive, multisensory experience centered around a small Maine town and rooted in the sounds and noise of its streets. Comprising a Virtual Reality tour, soundwalks and remixes, a 2D laser cut geographical map with Arduino controllers, and a Futuristic noise intoner, one of the objectives of this collaborative, transdisciplinary, and theory-based project is to create concrete opportunities for students to participate in the “real” world and engage with the materiality of noise and its manifestations by interacting with the soundscape through novel, interactive, and multisensory practices. Noisefest! is also an example of how one can creatively and artistically extend the reach of the digital humanities beyond the borders of academia and into the public realm.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 16, No. 1
Authors: Zhang Jenny
Published: December 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 16, No. 1 2020.
Crystal Structures and Thermal Properties of L-MnC4H4O6•2H2O and DL-MnC4H4O6•2H2O
Authors: Fukami Takanori , Tahara Shuta , Dimyati Arbi
Published: December 2019

Manganese L-tartrate dihydrate, L-MnC4H4O6·2H2O, and manganese DL-tartrate dihydrate, DL-MnC4H4O6·2H2O, crystals were grown at room temperature by the gel method using silica gels as the growth medium. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on both crystals. The space group symmetries (monoclinic P21 and P2/c) and structural parameters of the crystals were determined at room temperature. Both structures consisted of slightly distorted MnO6 octahedra, C4H4O6 and H2O molecules, and O–H···O hydrogen-bonding frameworks between adjacent molecules. Weight losses due to thermal decomposition of the crystals were found to occur in the temperature range of 300–1150 K. We inferred that the weight losses were caused by the evaporation of bound 2H2O molecules, and the evolutions of gases from C4H4O4 and of (1/2)O2 gas from MnO2, and that the residual black substance left in the vessels after decomposition was manganese oxide (MnO).
Second Person Pronouns as Person Deixis in Bengali and English: Linguistic Forms and Pragmatic Functions
Authors: Uddin Md. Afaz
Published: December 2019

Second person pronouns functioning as person deixis are found to be used in both Bengali and English language to express the role relationships as well as the interpersonal relationships involved between the participants in conversation. However, the expression of these relationships through the use of second person deixis varies significantly in the two languages as it necessarily involves both linguistic as well as social aspects. Being an Asian language, Bengali has a detailed and somewhat complex system of encoding the role relationship of the participants, their interrelationships, their social status, level of formality and politeness involved, and so on by the use of second person deixis. In contrast, English, a European language, exhibits relatively simple and straight forward ways of encoding the aforementioned issues of conversation. Based on the intuitive observation of the utterances of the two languages, the present study intends to make a comparative analysis of the use of second person deixis in Bengali and English with a view to exploring the extent to which the two languages differ linguistically and pragmatically in their encoding of social information with the use of such deictic expressions.
Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Materials Science Research, Vol. 9, No. 1
Authors: Green Lily
Published: December 2019

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Materials Science Research, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2020
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 14, No. 1
Authors: Lee Sunny
Published: December 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 14, No. 1
Characteristics of plant communities, population features, and edaphic conditions of Arnica montana L. populations in pine forests of mid-Eastern Europe
Authors: Sugier Piotr , Sugier Danuta , Sozinov Oleg , Kołos Aleksander , Wołkowycki Dan , Plak Andrzej , Budnyk Olha
Published: December 2019

Mountain arnica, Arnica montana L., an herbaceous plant species critically endangered in Europe, is the source of raw material, which is abundant in its secondary metabolites. During the field investigation conducted in Augustów and Knyszyn forests (Poland) and in Grodno Forest (Belarus), the plant species composition and population characteristics were measured. Additionally, to evaluate the edaphic conditions of arnica populations, soil samples were taken and analyzed. The sandy and very nutrient-poor soils are characterized by strong acidity and a very low concentration of macro- and microelements. The analyzed characteristics of the studied populations indicate a good status of populations located in Grodno Forest. However, the very small number of individuals and the very small proportion of flowering individuals in the populations in Augustów Forest and Knyszyn Forest indicate the need for active protective actions. Calamagrostis arundinacea can play the role of a competitor; therefore, during planning active protection, individuals of this species should be eliminated, and particular attention should be paid to the frequency and coverage of this plant species and the plant height of the herb layer. The dependence between population characteristics, especially the proportion of flowering stems and the concentration of available phosphorus, may indicate the effect of the concentration of this macroelement on flowering and, in consequence, provide a greater chance for the generative propagation of this plant species.
The effect of protein-xanthophyll concentrate (PX) from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on the activity of selected enzymes in the liver cells of fattening pigs
Authors: Abramowicz Katarzyna , Krauze Magdalena , Grela Eugeniusz R.
Published: December 2019

The available Polish and foreign literature contains few reports on the activity of indicator enzymes, especially marker enzymes, which characterize the work of specific cell organelles. Information on enzyme changes induced by experimental dietary factors is also scarce. We postulated that proteinxanthophyll PX alfalfa concentrate would have a positive effect on metabolism in fattening pigs, resulting in improved performance parameters. Therefore the aim of the study was to test the possibility of using enzymes that have not previously been used to assess the biochemical processes taking place following administration of PX. We evaluated the activity of enzymes associated with key biological transformations taking place in the cell, as this makes it possible to assess whether these processes are proceeding normally and to evaluate the response of the body to external factors. The experiment was conducted on 288 finishers (gilts and barrows), all of which were crossbreds (Polish Large White x Neckar), divided into 4 groups according to the dosage and duration of administration of proteinxanthophyll PX concentrate from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The alfalfa concentrate was introduced to the compound feed in place of soybean extraction meal. We analysed the activity of selected marker enzymes: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), succinate hydrolase (SDH), and glucose-6-phosphate hydrolase (G6PC). We found a decrease in the activity of the enzymes in the liver cells of the pigs receiving the PX concentrate as compared to the control, which suggests that the product had a favourable effect on their metabolism. The results confirm the benefit of using proteinxanthophyll PX in pig feed, particularly at a continuous dose of 3%.
Digital competence learning in secondary adult education in Finland and Poland
Authors: Duda Ewa , Dziurzyński Krzysztof
Published: December 2019

Nowadays, the digital competence is becoming as important as literacy and numeracy skills. For children and youths these competences seem to be natural and the role of teacher is to direct students in their learning and to develop cognitive curiosity. For adults, the learning process is different. It is not only developing of digital skills but sometimes even grassroots teaching.
The article presents a two different approaches to teaching/learning process provided in the field of secondary education - Finnish and Polish systems. Documents containing curricula, school programmes and course grids were analysed. Both systems have been assessed in terms of their relevance to adult learners.
The main discoveries and the key conclusions indicate that the Polish system does not adapt to the real needs of adult learners and the changing needs of the labour market.
Historical and methodical bases of special psychologists’ professional training
Authors: Suprun Daria , Hrygorenko Tetiana , Kovalchuk Zhanna
Published: December 2019

The article deals with historical and theoretical and methodological foundations of modern methodology of teaching psychology in the context of special psychologists’ education. Historical teaching experience of indicated discipline in domestic and foreign institutions of higher education is reviwed. The present historical and pedagogical analysis of students’ training and introduction of modern methodology of teaching psychology as a training discipline of penitentiary, special and clinical psychologists initiated by Academician of NAPS of Ukraine, Viktor Synov and his scientific school is delightened. The nature and structure of discipline are viewed. Particular attention is paid to finding and developing of the optimal set of methods of its providing, developing programs and definition of developed program’s efficiency. The practical results of scientists’ work in defining spheres are analyzed. The results of the experimental study of the motivational component of the professional readiness of psychologists (special, clinical) to work on a specialty in the structure of professional training are highlighted. The prospects for further research in the context of improving the psychological preparation of personnel for various types of special schools are outlined.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with common mental disorders among medical students
Authors: Melado Amine Selim de Salles Gonçalves , Vitorino Filipe Alvarenga Caetano , Szpilman Ana Rosa Murad , Poton Wanêssa Lacerda
Published: December 2019

Objective: To identify the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) in medical students at Vila Velha University (UVV), ES, and its associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 360 medical students from February to April 2018. A self-administered, confidential and online questionnaire was used, including sociodemographic, economic data, family support, friends’ network, physical activity and academic performance, as well as Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Statistical analysis was performed using the STATA program, version 13.0. The Ethics Committee on Research with Humans approved the study, under number 2.108.290. Results: The prevalence of CMD among students was 45.6%. Risk factors were mental disorder in the family (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01-1.54), poor sleep quality (RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.17-1.90), fear that impaired the academic result (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.01-1.77), feeling rejected by friends (RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.07-1.96), thinking about giving up the course (RR 1.67, 95% CI 1.29-2.17) and physical discomfort during the test (RR 1.63, 95% CI, 1.21-2.20). Conclusions: The overall prevalence of CMD among students was high, and the risk factors were significant. It is recommended that educational institutions and responsible government agencies be able to formulate and subsidize preventive actions and care for the mental health of medical students.
Caracterización del uso inapropiado de antibióticos en faringoamigdalitis según los criterios de McIsaac
Authors: Lincango Eddy Patricio , Barberis Giuseppe , Saritama Paúl Alexander , Rojas Giovanni Wladimir
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: Describir el uso irracional de antibióticos en base a criterios de McIsaac (criterios de Centor modificados por McIsaac), en una unidad de salud de primer nivel de atención. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con los registros de pacientes de 3 a 19 años atendidos en el servicio de emergencia (246), con los diagnósticos de faringitis aguda, amigdalitis aguda, e infecciones respiratorias superiores agudas de múltiples sitios y sin especificar. Se estableció como prescripción inadecuada si el facultativo indicó antibióticos con un puntaje menor o igual a 1 sobre 5 puntos o si no prescribió antibióticos con puntaje mayor o 4 sobre 5 puntos. Resultados: Se estimó 24,29% de uso inadecuado de antibióticos de los registros de emergencia. Se prescribió antibióticos en 160 pacientes, de los cuales se encontró que, amoxicilina fue el más utilizado (61,87%); seguido de benzilpenicilina benzatina (28,12%) y en tercer lugar macrólidos (8,12%). Conclusión: En la unidad de primer nivel analizada se encontró que el uso inadecuado de antibióticos es superior a la prevalecía estimada de faringoamigdalitis estreptocócica para el grupo de edad estudiado. Por esto, es imperativo que se tomen las medidas necesarias a nivel institucional y comunitario para lograr su reducción y evitar las complicaciones que se derivan de esta.
Diversidade e Direitos Humanos na Atenção Primária à Saúde
Authors: Sarti Thiago Dias , Oliveira Denize Ornelas Pereira Salvador de , Chueiri Patrícia Sampaio , Fontenelle Leonardo Ferreira
Published: December 2019

Neste editorial, apresenta-se o resultado da chamada pública de artigos que compõem o especial “Diversidade e Direitos Humanos na Atenção Primária à Saúde”. A situação dos direitos humanos no Brasil é preocupante, existindo profundas desigualdades no exercício pleno da cidadania entre grupos sociais, o que inclui o acesso a serviços de saúde e manutenção de níveis de saúde adequados e justos. Questões raciais, de gênero, sexualidade, diversidade, violência e direitos humanos ganham cada vez mais importância no contexto da atenção primária à saúde (APS) e da Medicina de Família e Comunidade (MFC). Os trabalhos publicados neste especial apontam para a importância de pensarmos a organização de uma APS interseccional e uma prática em saúde abrangente, acolhedora, humanizada, resolutiva e culturalmente e socialmente orientada. Sugere-se que a MFC precisa produzir reflexões teóricas mais robustas para subsidiar o cuidado a pessoas em graves situações de vulnerabilidade e sofrimento. Aponta-se ainda para a necessária equidade de gênero, etnia e territorial na composição do corpo editorial da RBMFC. Espera-se que o conteúdo deste especial apoie a reflexão e a construção de práticas e de políticas que consigam enfrentar o quadro das profundas e diversas desigualdades sociais do país, e que no futuro possamos contar com uma maior produção de conhecimento neste campo.
Principais motivos de desclassificação em licitações públicas: fase de habilitação e proposta
Authors: Lisboa Danielle Cristina dos Santos , Santos Misael Vieira dos , Rocha Lucas Nadler , Zenkner Lucas dos Santos , Sena Matheus Oliveira , Reis José Murilo Moura dos , Muller Renata Medeiros Lobo , Santana Claudemir Gomes de
Published: December 2019

A licitação é um procedimento administrativo necessário para contratar determinados tipos de produtos e serviços, onde a administração pública irá escolher a melhor proposta, o processo licitatório é público e quem estar concorrendo ao mesmo deve respeitar as exigências estabelecidas em cada edital. Sabendo disso, este trabalho irá introduzir sobre licitações públicas, de modo a informar sua importância, tipos e modalidades. Explanando as fases de documentação, em relação a habilitação, e as fases de proposta, que normalmente abrangem os orçamentos e planilhas descritas pelo edital. Em seguida, serão apresentadas amostras coletadas em órgãos públicos que realizaram licitações de diversos tipos de serviços. Gerando então uma análise para cada parecer obtido, desta forma classificando os principais motivos para inabilitação ou desclassificação dos participantes. Logo com os resultados alcançados é possível verificar padrões e orientar devidamente com as informações contidas, onde deve-se tomar mais cautela na elaboração da habilitação e das propostas
Acacia dudgeoni Craib. ex Holl (Mimosaceae): Potential Inhibitor of Biofilm Formation and Quorum Sensing in P. aeruginosa PAO1
Authors: Ouedraogo Vincent , Karama Issa , Rouamba Ablassé , Compaoré Moussa , Kiendrebeogo Martin
Published: December 2019

Aims: The study aims to assess the ability of Acacia dudgeoni bark to antagonize quorum sensing system, expression of virulence factor and biofilm formation.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Chemistry (LABIOCA), University Joseph KI-ZERBO between December 2018 to April 2019.

Methodology: Methanol extract from A. dudgeoni stem bark, was used for the investigations. The reporters strain Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 were used to measure the impact of extract on quorum sensing controlled violacein and pyocyanin production. P. aeruginosa PAO1 was used to measure the impact on biofilm formation.

Results: At different concentrations (50-400 µg/mL) A. dudgeoni methanol extract quenched the quorum sensing mechanism. Significant inhibition of virulence factor, pyocyanin was recorded (66% of inhibition at 400 µg/mL) without affect negatively the growth of P. aeruginosa PAO1. The formation of biofilm was also affected with a reduction up to 59% at the concentration of 400 µg/mL.

Conclusion: The anti-quorum sensing and anti-biofilm properties of this medicinal plant could serve as a source in the developpement of new effective anti- quorum sensing drugs.
Integrated Approach to Reserve Estimation and Reservoir Simulation of ENI Offshore Field, in Niger Delta Nigeria
Authors: Ayorinde J. O. , Osinowo O. O. , Nwankwo P.
Published: December 2019

Two producing reservoirs (H10 and E40) in Eni field Offshore Niger Delta were studied with intent to enhance their rate of recovery while mitigating water production. The material Balance software MBAL was used to estimate the Stock tank oil reserves and then compared to reserve estimates determined by both deterministic and stochastic techniques for improved validation. The MBAL model was also used to identify positions of fluid contacts and determine predominant drive mechanisms. These serve as guide in making informed decisions towards if and how best to economically produce remaining unproduced oil in place. Input parameters were average values derived from core and well logs analyses.

History matching of historical data enabled forecasts of possible future production life and volume at multiple scenarios.

Final outcomes show that after sixteen and forty five years of continuous  production from the reservoirs studied (H10 and E40, respectively), remaining unproduced oil in place are still significant and can be economically produced by infill wells, which will in return increase the average production by nothing less than 33% of remaining oil in place, a substantial value bearing in mind the growing demand for oil, gas  and other energy sources to lessen the apparently unquenchable world energy needs.
Role of Farm Women in Sustainable Livelihood Pattern in Context of Information Needs
Authors: Divakar Shashikant , Panda Chandan Kumar , Paswan Anil
Published: December 2019

This study is to analyze information sources and information needs of women farmers of Banka and Bhagalpur district of Bihar. The research was undertaken for assessment of information needed for young farm women of age group of 18-35 years with respect to kharif paddy cultivation. Useful Information is the pivotal for successful kharif paddy cultivation. In the study area young farm women contribute immensely in kharif paddy cultivation.  Information helps in creating awareness about technologies and mobilize people to use them. It also helps in training people, organizing community and ultimately resulting in the development of the whole nation. Result of the study illustrated that farm women need more information about selling of product, pest control, nursery raising and disease management. The study also revealed that the most preferred source of information was personal localite i.e. Husband, Friend, Relatives and Neighbors and agri-input dealers.
Study the Impact of Integrated Farming System on Reducing Cost of Cultivation and Increasing Income of Farmers in Chatra District of Jharkhand
Authors: Saroj Pushpendra , Singh Ranjay Kumar , Oraon Dharma , Alam Zunaid
Published: December 2019

The study was conducted on purposively selected Mardanpur village of Chatra block in Chatra district where Sri. Danbhushan Lakra, Progressive farmer has developed a unique model of integrated farming system (IFS) in his 5 acres of the farm. He has designed the farm and segregated the land as per the crops and animal requirement. The IFS model comprised of field crops in 2 acres, vegetables in 1 acre, fruit plants in 0.5 acres, a pig farm in 0.25 acre, a dairy farm in 0.25 acre, Poultry in 0.25 acre, composite fish farming in 0.75 acres. Sri Danbhushan Lakra has adopted the best practices of farming under technological support of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chatra. The productivity and economic return of different enterprises and commodities were calculated and compared with previous productivity and economics. The result indicated that Sri. Danbhushan Lakra has got more than 80 per cent additional yield and profit on different enterprises, which are integrated into the farming system. He has reduced 60% external input like the feed of animal, chemical fertilizer requirement, overall he earns the annual net income Rs. 94430.75 that is 68.6% more as compared to his previous income. It happens due to the interrelation set of enterprises used so that the waste from one component became input for another part of the system, which reduced cost and increased productivity.
Bio-guided Fractionation of the Ethanolic Extract from Leaves of Trema orientalis Blume (Cannabaceae), a Presumed Antihypertensive Plant from Congo-Brazzaville
Authors: Justin Clair Bonazaba Milandou Longin , Célestine Nkounkou Loumpangou , Hélène Carreyre , Jocelyn Bescond , Clarisse Vandebrouck , Wilfrid Etou Ossibi Arnaud , Jean-Marie Moutsambote , Jean-Maurille Ouamba , Sébastien Thibaudeau , Antoine Abena Ange
Published: December 2019

Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which is currently a real public health problem. This disease affects about one billion people worldwide and is responsible for more than 70% of cardiovascular related deaths. Recently, the World Health Organization reported that of the hypertensive cases detected in Congo, only 7% were controlled. Today, there is no lifetime treatment and existing drugs are less accessible by the African population. To treat the disease, the Congolese population uses more the medicinal plants. However, the majority of compounds responsible for the biological activity of these plants are not known. In order to bring out Congolese plants with antihypertensive properties, we focus our interest on Trema orientalis Blume (Canabaceae).

An ethanolic extract of the leaves of Trema orientalis was prepared after successive depletion of the organic solvents. Thereafter, a bio-guided fractionation on silica gel of the ethanol extract was carried out. Fractionation monitoring was done by TLC and the results of vasodilating activity measured. The fractions exhibiting the best biological activity allowed a second fractionation process to obtain five fractions which are characteristic of polyphenols, in particular flavonoids, and which exhibited good vasodilating activity on the isolated aorta of rats. Our future work will focus on the identification of these biologically active compounds.
Various Challenges and Opportunities in Oral Delivery of Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Kumari Neha
Published: December 2019

Oncology is that area of medicine where patients are usually treated intravenously. Researchers are trying to find alternative drug delivery methods of anticancer drugs due to the pain associated with conventional drug delivery methods. Studies estimate that a majority of patients (up to 89%) prefer oral anticancer medications to traditional IV fluid or injection therapies when available. Better patient compliance, tolerability, reduced cost; greatest safety and possible increased efficacy are the main reasons for increased attention towards oral delivery of anti-cancer drugs. But oral bioavailability of this class is limited because of its idiosyncratic physicochemical properties and biological barriers such as pre-systemic metabolism and gastrointestinal instability. The various challenges to oral delivery of anticancer drugs are discussed extensively in this paper including peculiar physicochemical properties, biological barriers and adverse drug-drug interactions. Further, the emerging innovations in addressing the challenges to oral delivery of anticancer drugs are discussed. These mainly include absorption enhancers and nanocarriers based drug delivery systems.
Simulation of Black Carbon Emissions from Gas Flaring Activities in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria
Authors: E. Ezeokoro C. , Momoh Y. , Leton T.
Published: December 2019

There is no Black Carbon emission inventory for Nigeria and no standard Emission factor with which to measure the volume of emissions. This study aims at providing baseline emission inventory for the volume of Black Carbon released into the environment from gas flaring activities in the National Data Repository (NDR) between 1965 to 2016 (52 years) using Nigeria's associated petroleum gas-related emission factors; modelling of the estimated Black Carbon emissions using logistic growth model. The volume of gas produced and flared within this period was sourced from Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) annual bulletins and other literature. The work shows that: for the period under review, 1.8 trillion cubic meters of gas was produced and 0.91 trillion cubic meters was flared, only 11% of gas produced was flared in 2016. Estimated cumulative Black Carbon emission shows that Black Carbon emission from gas flare is decreasing as the volume of gas flared is decreasing. The model shows that 487050 tons, 1116157 tons; 19438 tons, 44544 tons and 0.10 are the respective carrying capacities, initial Black Carbon volumes and growth rate for the upper and lower Black Carbon emissions.  Re-injection and Utilization of flared gas for cooking purposes and placing a heavy penalty on gas flaring activities are among solutions given to reduce gas flaring.
Optimal disturbance growth in shear‐imposed falling film
Authors: Samanta Arghya
Published: December 2019

A linear stability analysis of a three‐dimensional shear‐imposed fluid flowing down an inclined plane is studied based on the evolution equations for normal velocity and normal vorticity components. Both modal and nonmodal stability analyses are carried out. The modal stability analysis demonstrates that shear‐imposed flow is more unstable to solo streamwise perturbation. On the contrary, the nonmodal stability analysis demonstrates that shear‐imposed flow is more unstable to solo spanwise perturbation. There is evidence of existing transient energy growth in the wavenumber space that intensifies in the presence of imposed shear stress. Further, the boundary for the zone of transient growth appears far ahead of the boundary for the zone of exponential growth. This fact indicates that the onset of instability for the shear mode may occur before than that predicted from the eigenvalue analysis. A new critical surface parameter involving imposed shear stress is determined, which in fact reveals the existence criterion of instability for the surface mode. Moreover, we have found three different regimes of surface mode instability, shear mode instability, and transient growth phenomenon in the wavenumber space. The unstable region for the surface mode reduces while the unstable region for the shear mode enhances in the wavenumber space with the increasing value of surface parameter, or equivalently, with the increasing value of imposed shear stress. Finally, the unstable region for the surface mode disappears from the wavenumber space as soon as the surface parameter exceeds its critical value; instead, the wavenumber space is occupied by the regime of transient energy growth. In addition, the incident of pseudoresonance takes place on the response curve to external harmonic forcing.
Administration of ferrocene‐modified amino acids induces changes in synaptic transmission in the CA1 area of the hippocampus
Authors: Rodionov Alexey N. , Snegur Lubov V. , Dobryakova Yulia V. , Ilyin Mikhail M. , Markevich Vladimir A. , Simenel Alexander A.
Published: December 2019

A series of ferrocene‐modified amino acid methyl esters with pyrazole linker was prepared in good to quantitative yields starting from easy accessible ferrocene pyrazole carbaldehyde and amino acids in racemic and enantio enriched forms under reductive amination conditions (NaBH (OAc)3, reflux, 3 hr). The resulting enantiomers were resolved using analytical HPLC on modified cellulose or amylose as chiral selectors. In vivo electrophysiological experiments were performed in the CA1 field of the hippocampus on 3a Fc‐Gly, (L)‐3b Fc‐Ala, and (D)‐3b Fc‐Ala compounds. An increasing in the amplitudes of responses of local potentials (up to 25%) of the CA1 region in the studied groups was found after intraperitoneal administration of ferrocene compounds 3a and (D)‐3b compared with control rats treated with saline.
Characterization of Seed, Oil, and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters of an Ethyl Methanesulfonate Mutant of Camelina sativa with Reduced Seed‐Coat Mucilage
Authors: Lohaus Richard H. , Zager Jordan J. , Kosma Dylan K. , Cushman John C.
Published: December 2019

Camelina sativa L. Crantz (large‐seeded false flax) is a promising oilseed crop for the production of edible oil and biodiesel. An ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutant of C. sativa was identified that lacked seed coat mucilage (SCM) using Ruthenium Red (RR) colorimetric staining. Compared with wild‐type (WT) plants, the mucilage‐defect mutant line (Cs98) had smaller seeds and seeds with significantly less SCM, but exhibited significantly taller plant height. The seed mass and oil content of the seeds of Cs98 were significantly lower than those of WT plants. However, the seeds of Cs98 had significantly higher crude protein and starch contents, but a significantly lower neutral detergent‐soluble fiber (NDSF) fraction (pectin) content. Although Cs98 seed contained significantly higher mineral contents for various macro‐ and microminerals (e.g., Mg, S, Al, Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn), these large differences did not prevent the Cs98 seed biodiesel from passing all American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards for macro‐ and micromineral content and viscosity, pH, and turbidity. Notably, the oil and biodiesel derived from Cs98 had significantly reduced viscosity compared with WT. Water washes of oil derived from WT and Cs98 seed confirmed that the Cs98 contained only 57% of the mucilage content of the WT oil washes. These significantly lower pectic residues are expected to improve the flow characteristics of the resultant oil and require less washing during biodiesel production.
Mechanochromic Luminescence from Crystals Consisting of Intermolecular Hydrogen‐Bonded Sheets
Authors: Sagara Yoshimitsu , Takahashi Kiyonori , Nakamura Takayoshi , Tamaoki Nobuyuki
Published: December 2019

Introduction of functional groups that can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds into highly‐emissive luminophores is a promising way to induce mechanochromic luminescence. Herein, we report that a 9,10‐bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene derivative featuring two amide groups forms green‐emissive crystals based on two‐dimensional hydrogen‐bonded molecular sheets. Mechanical grinding changed the emission from green to yellow, owing to a transition from a crystalline to an amorphous phase. Infrared spectroscopy revealed that mechanical stimuli disrupted the linear hydrogen‐bonding formation. A thermal treatment recovered the original green photoluminescence.