bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Content Analysis of Single-dose Analgesics Dispensed by Attendants in Retail Drug Outlets in Obiaruku ,Delta State , Nigeria : A Surrogate-type Approach
Authors: D Adje U , J Eniojukan F , E Akpovwovwo , P Okinedo C
Published: July 2017

Abstract

 

Background

Medicines can be potentially dangerous when used wrongly. This work examined drug combinations in pain management among attendants in retail drug outlets in  Obiaruku, Delta State, Nigeria.      

Objectives

The objective of this study was to describe drug combination in the management of pains by attendants working in community pharmacies and patent medicine shops (PMSs)        

Method

This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using the ‘’surrogate shopper’’ approach to explore the real day-to-day practices and extract required information in twelve retail drug outlets located in the study area. Conversations were tape recorded and thereafter composition of   single doses of pain relievers   recommended by attendants   were analyzed.

Results

A total of 12 retail outlets were visited. The average number of pills contained in a single dose pain reliever was 6.80±2.35 (for pharmacy outlets) and 5.33±1.32 (for PMSs), p>0.05. Piroxicam (14, 73.7%)   was   most frequently used NSAID. More than half,   63.2% of the attendants included single tablet of Prednisolone, 5mg in their pain relief combination. Other drugs not indicated for analgesia were included in the single dose combo. This includes Vitamin B complex (2, 10.5%), cod liver oil,   Sulfadoxine – pyrimetamine (1, 5.3%), Salbutamol and Ferrous sulphate (1, 5.3%) and multivitamin (12, 63.2%).There was no   significant difference in pain management practices between Pharmacies and Patent medicine stores (PMSs)   (p>0.05).

Conclusion

Polypharmacy and irrational use of NSAIDs was   a common practice among shop attendants in retail drug outlets, resulting in avoidable drug therapy problems and posing serious risk to public health.
“Quando o fascismo se tornava cada vez mais forte”: Direito e emancipação em Franz Neumann e Boaventura de Sousa Santos
Authors: Bigolin Neto Pedro , Rodriguez Jose Rodrigo
Published: July 2017

RESUMO:

Este trabalho tem por objetivo trazer as contribuições teóricas de Franz Neumann e Boaventura de Sousa Santos no que tange ao direito e à emancipação. Primeiro são resgatados aspectos históricos das relações entre Estado, Direito e capitalismo. Em seguida são traçadas algumas características das perspectivas dos pensadores, que são posteriormente analisadas em conjunto. Com formações e vivências diversas, os dois autores contribuem para se pensar formas de emancipação social a partir do Direito, ambos polissêmicos. Constata-se semelhanças e divergências entre suas propostas, as últimas notadamente na visão a respeito do direito, que enriquecem o debate atual. Enquanto aquele trabalha primordialmente numa concepção estatal, este transita do local ao global. Ambos enxergam no capitalismo uma barreira para a emancipação e consideram imprescindível transformar os campos estatais, sociais e jurídicos nas páginas da história humana. As próximas, em branco, estão em disputa. A pesquisa é de cunho bibliográfico.

 ABSTRACT:

This paper aims to bring theoretical contributions from Franz Neumann and Boaventura de Sousa Santos regarding to law and emancipation. Firstly, historical aspects of relations between State, Law and capitalism are retrieved. Hereupon, some characteristics concerning the two thinkers’ perspectives are outlined and then analyzed en bloc. Having distinct formations and experiences, the two authors contribute to think forms of social emancipation through law, both polissemic terms. Similarities and divergences between their propositions are evidenced, namely in their visions concerning law, which enriches the current debate. While Neumann works mainly in a stateview, Santos transits from local to global. Both see in capitalism a hurdle to emancipation and consider vital to transform state, social and juridical fields in the pages of human history. The next ones, in blank, are in dispute. The research is bibliographical.
Proporcionalidade – insuficiências morais e teóricas
Authors: Murata Daniel Peixoto
Published: July 2017

RESUMO:

O artigo pretende engajar-se de maneira crítica com a proporcionalidade enquanto meta-regra decisória. É dividido em três seções, além da introdução. Na segunda seção apresento esquematicamente a proporcionalidade, baseando-me principalmente (mas não apenas) em Robert Alexy. Na seção seguinte analiso duas objeções contra ela. Primeiramente, averiguo o potencial da proporcionalidade em defender direitos humanos. A conclusão é que ela falha como uma defesa satisfatória desses direitos. Depois, analiso a afirmação alexyana de que a proporcionalidade consiste na única alternativa na argumentação jurídica à subsunção de um caso a uma regra. Argumentarei que essa afirmação é equivocada, porque a interpretação construtiva, nos moldes de Ronald Dworkin, não apenas surge como alternativa, mas é pressuposta pela própria proporcionalidade. Na última seção, reconstruo os argumentos desenvolvidos.

ABSTRACT:

This article intends to engage itself critically with proportionality understood as a decisional meta-rule. It is divided in three sections, besides the introduction. In the second section I present schematically the proportionality analysis, based mostly (but not only) in Robert Alexy. In the following section I analyze two objections against it. Firstly, I scrutinize its potential to protect human rights. My conclusion is that it fails as a satisfactory defense of such rights. Second, I analyze the Alexy’s claim that proportionality is the only alternative in legal reasoning to subsumption of a case to a rule. I argue that such claim is wrong, because constructive interpretation, as presented by Ronald Dworkin, is not only an alternative, but is presupposed by proportionality itself. In the last section, I summarize the arguments developed.

 
Precedentes vinculantes à brasileira?
Authors: Strätz Murilo
Published: July 2017

RESUMO:

Trata-se de breve estudo sobre as regras processuais que atribuem certos graus de efeito vinculante a determinados pronunciamentos judiciais, tais como encartadas pelo legislador de 2015 no subsistema instituído pelo Novo Código de Processo Civil. A análise de tais preceitos legais, porém, não se resume a uma abordagem meramente normativa (descritiva ou manualesca) desse recente fenômeno, tampouco pretende encaixá-los na doutrina estrangeira relativa aos precedentes vinculantes (binding precedents) encontrados nos sistemas que adotam o stare decisis. Procura-se entender as noveis formas de pronunciamentos vinculantes a partir de um modelo civilístico que, não obstante se antagonize ao tronco anglo-saxão, também preza pela segurança jurídica como um protoprincípio primordial.

ABSTRACT:

This is a brief study of the procedural rules that assign several degrees of binding efect to certain judicial pronouncements, such as those included by the 2015 legislator in the subsystem established by the New Code of Civil Procedure. The analysis of such legal precepts, however, is not limited to a purely normative (descriptive or manual format) approach to this recent phenomenon, nor does it intend to ft them into the foreign doctrine concerning binding precedents found in systems that adopt the stare decisis. It seeks to understand the new forms of binding pronouncements from a civil law model that, despite antagonizing the Anglo-Saxon trunk, also values juridical security as a primordial principle.
Eficácia da suspensão da segurança no tratamento da repetitividade recursal - o caso fosfoetanolamina
Authors: Shecaira Fernando Muniz
Published: July 2017

RESUMO:

A Suspensão da Segurança é um incidente processual de titularidade do Poder Público que visa à suspensão (i) da ordem de segurança concedida em mandados de segurança, ou de (ii) antecipações de tutela e liminares concedidas em ações de obrigação de fazer, bem como em (iii) cautelares em que figure como parte o Poder Público. Ao longo do presente artigo será estudado se há eficácia na utilização desse instrumento processual para o tratamento da litigância repetitiva. A modalidade de estudo de caso foi escolhida como metodologia de pesquisa. O caso foi estudado à luz dos acórdãos que versavam sobre o uso da fosfoetanolamina e a obrigatoriedade de o Poder Público fornecê-la à população. Para tanto, realizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. O resultado foi que o direito material foi muito mais marcante na fundamentação dos acórdãos do que o julgamento da Suspensão da Segurança, apesar de ter havido certa adstrição à decisão do Órgão Especial do TJSP que julgou definitivamente o pedido de Suspensão da Segurança.

 ABSTRACT:

The Suspension of Security is a procedural incident that may be presented by the Public Authorities and that aims at suspending the (i) security order granted in writs, (ii) preliminary rulings granted in actions of obligation to do, as well as in (iii) precautionary measures that the Public Power appear as a part of the process. Throughout the present article it will be studied if the use of this procedural instrument is effective for the treatment of repetitive litigation. The modality of case study was chosen as a research methodology. The case was studied in light of the rulings on the use of phosphoethanolamine and the obligation of the Public Power to provide it to the population. For this, a qualitative and quantitative approach was carried out. The study showed that in the grounds of the judgments, the substantive law was discussed much more than the judgement of the Suspension of Security, although there was some adherence with the decision of the Special Body of the São Paulo Estate Court that ruled the request for Suspension of Security.
Biochemical Properties of Crude Extracellular Proteases from Chromohalobacter salexigens BKL5 and Micrococcus luteus 11A
Authors: Achmad Ayu Ashari , Rohman M. Saifur , Prijambada Irfan D.
Published: July 2017

In this work, we have reported an enzymatic activity and biochemical properties of extracellular proteases from Chromohalobacter salexigens BKL5 and Micrococcus luteus 11A. C. salexigens BKL5 and M. luteus 11A were previously isolated from Bledug Kuwu mud volcano and dietary industry wastewater treatment, respectively. Both bacterial strains were able to produce extracellular proteases, when grown on minimal agar medium supplemented with 1% of skim milk. Proteolytic indexes of C. salexigens BKL5 and M. luteus 11A were 2.5±0.14 and 2.9±0.42, respectively. Both extracellular proteases exhibited optimum enzymatic activity at pH 7, with specific activity of C. salexigens BKL5 was 13.3% higher than that of M. luteus 11A. Optimum temperature for enzymatic activity of both proteases was 45°C. Metal cofactor preferences assay showed that extracellular protease from C. salexigens BKL5 preferred Zn2+, meanwhile extracellular protease from M. luteus 11A mainly preferred Ca2+ ion. Metal cofactor preferences assay also suggested that crude extracellular protease from C. salexigens BKL5 was categorized as metalloprotease, meanwhile crude extracellular protease of M. luteus 11A was common neutral protease. The enzymatic stability assay against various salt concentrations showed that crude extracellular protease from C. salexigens BKL5 was more stable than that of M. luteus 11A.
Early Detection of the Orchid Flowering Gene PaFT1 in Tobacco Cells Using a GFP Reporter
Authors: Wahyuningsih Sri , Lawrie Muhammad Dylan , Daryono Budi Setiadi , Moeljopawiro Sukarti , Jang Soenghoe , Semiarti Endang
Published: July 2017

Here we describe a novel method of using green fluorescence protein (GFP) as a reporter gene for early detection of an integrated T­DNA containing the orchid flowering gene, PaFT1 (Phalaenopsis aphrodite Flowering locus T1) in the tobacco genome. Functional assays that report the presence of exogenous DNA early in development are especially useful in plants where the desired phenotype is only apparent after long periods of vegetative growth. The objective of this study is to establish a method for detecting an inserted Phalaenopsis orchid flowering gene and examining its function in tobacco. The p35S::PaFT1­ 35S::GFP construct was introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101. Transformed tobacco leaves were cultured on MS medium with addition of 1 mgL-1 NAA+3 mgL-1 BAP+50 mgL-1 Kanamycin+300 mgL-1 timentin for selection. Results showed bright green GFP fluorescent signals in 11 out of 15 (73%) tobacco leaf cells at a 2­month time point after transformation. GFP and PaFT1 fragments were amplified in genomic PCR using GFP and PaFT1 specific primers. The accumulated PaFT1 transcripts were observed in 3 month­old transgenic tobacco plants containing p35S::PaFT1­35S::GFP. Green florescence was observed only in the transgenic plants at the 5 month­old stage but not in the wild type controls.
The Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Black and White Rice Bran (Oryza sativa L.) on Cancer Cells
Authors: Rukmana Rizal Maarif , Soesilo Nyoman Puniawati , Rumiyati Rumiyati , Pratiwi Rarastoeti
Published: July 2017

Indonesia has a wide range of rice cultivars and pigments. This rice can be used as a source ofphytochemical compounds for cancer prevention. This research aims to analyze the cytotoxic activitiesof the ethanolic extract of black rice bran of 4 local cultivars i.e. ‘Cempo Ireng’, ‘Woja Laka’, ‘Toraja’ and‘IR­64’ (white rice) on cancer cells and to determine the compounds groups of those extracts. First step,rice bran was extracted with ethanol. This extract was applied to Raji (a human Burkitt Lymphomacancer), HepG2 (a human liver cancer), and Vero (a nonhuman cell line) cells in order to measure thecytotoxic activities by using MTT assay. To determine descriptively the compounds groups of phenolics,flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids the thin layer chromatography method was performed.The IC50 value was analyzed quantitatively by using probit analysis. Results showed that the IC50 valuesof ethanolic extract of rice bran ‘Woja Laka’, ‘Toraja’, ‘Cempo Ireng’ and ‘IR 64’ on HepG2 cells were857.23±99.19; 1,896.55±83,8; 1,494.47±87.81 and 727.89±145,97 µg/ml respectively. The IC50 on Raji cellswere 816.61±85.31; 1,079.93±28.31; 1,627.82; ±119.82, and 769.33±61.43 µg/ml respectively. The IC50 onVero cells were 1,295.2±37; 1,232.07±165.51; 1,874.14±169.56, and 724.4±122.79 µg/ml respectively. Theethanolic extracts of rice bran from four cultivars contain phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids.However, alkaloids could not be detected. The variety of rice cultivars indicates the variation of cytotoxicactivities on cancer cells. The ethanolic extracts of rice bran from those four rice cultivars contain similarkinds of organic compounds groups but vary in the Rf values.
SISTEM TEMU KEMBALI INFORMASI PADA DOKUMEN DENGAN METODE VECTOR SPACE MODEL
Authors: Irmawati Irmawati
Published: July 2017

Informasi saat ini sangat mudah didapatkan dengan memanfaatkan fasilitas internet dimanapun dan kapanpun. Di sisi lain informasi yang didapat dari  search engine merupakan semua hal yang berkaitan dengan kata kunci yang dicari. Hal ini menyebabkan pengguna terpaksa menyaring untuk mendapatkan dokumen yang relevan. Oleh karena itu diperlukan cara untuk mengelompokkan banyaknya informasi yang tersedia, yang dibutuhkan pengguna sehingga memudahkan pengguna untuk mendapatkan dokumen yang diinginkan. Pada penelitian ini diusulkan suatu solusi dari permasalahan tersebut dengan mengembangkan metode ilmu pencarian yang dikenal dengan temu-kembali informasi (information retrieval) dan metode Vector Space Model (VSM). Pada metode Vector Space Model (VSM) beberapa dokumen online akan diindeks dan diurutkan berdasarkan bobot dari kata pencarian yang terdapat di dalam dokumen online tersebut. Salah satu algoritma pembobotannya adalah algoritma tf-idf yang dipengaruhi oleh frekuensi kemunculan kata pada tiap dokumen online dan frekuensi dari dokumen online yang memiliki kata tersebut.
Street system as determinant of urban and social structure of central areas of Novi Sad and Sombor
Authors: Reba Darko
Published: July 2017

Paper Street system as determinant of urban and social structure of central
areas of Novi Sad and Sombor is dedicated to study of complex relations of
urban planning and architecture, relation which is key for every building of
the city. In the first part is dealing with theoretical understanding of
street systems and their relationships with all important elements of urban
morphology. Elements of urban morphology is analysed thought interaction with
street systems, because is it part of the built environment which include
social, economic, traffic, demographic, political and technological
components of contemporary settlements, and forming the spaces especially for
public functions, in the first socialisation and traffic. Theoretical basis
from the first part of the work are used for establishment of criteria for
analysis of urban spaces of central areas of two Vojvodinas towns. Fragments
of the one square kilometre are analysed with following criteria:
configuration of the land and influence on the street system, morphology of
street system, socialisation places, elements of identity, presence of
vegetation and water. Direction of analysis and studious critical
valorisation is to the open - unbuilt - public - social urban spaces.
Typology of spatial ability tests and its implementation in architectural study entrance exams
Authors: Ilic Maja , Djukic Aleksandra
Published: July 2017

Specialized spatial skills are necessary for success in various fields of
STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education. Technical
disciplines are an academic field where the largest correlation with spatial
skills has been noticed, and therefore spatial skills have been included in
the entrance exams of study of architecture at the University of Banja Luka.
Given that the scientific community has not reached consensus on what the
spatial abilities are, there are various tests and tools used for its
assessment, listed by factors that they measure. The paper will present
typology of these factors and the variety of tests used for their assessment.
This typology of tasks will be compared to the entrance exams held at the
University of Banja Luka in the period 2005-2013. Also, the results of
entrance exams will be compared with the student?s success in specific groups
of subjects during the study period to see if there would be any correlation
among them. Results indicate at the emergence of a new factor in assessing
the ability of candidates to study architecture - ability of divergent
thinking. This correlation of divergent thinking and spatial ability has also
been a topic of the latest research in cognitive psychology.
Toward acoustic noise type detection based on QQ plot statistics
Authors: Vujnovic Sanja , Marjanovic Aleksandra , Djurovic Zeljko , Tadic Predrag , Kvascev Goran
Published: July 2017

Fault detection and state estimation using acoustic signals is a procedure
highly affected by ambient noise. This is particularly pronounced in an
industrial environment where noise pollution is especially strong. In this
paper a noise detection algorithm is proposed and implemented. This algorithm
can identify the times in which the recorded acoustic signal is influenced by
different types of noise in the form of unwanted impulse disturbance or
speech contamination. The algorithm compares statistical parameters of the
recordings by generating a series of QQ plots and then using an appropriate
stochastic signal analysis tools like hypothesis testing. The main purpose of
this algorithm is to eliminate noisy signals and to collect a set of noise
free recordings which can then be used for state estimation. The application
of these techniques in a real industrial environment is extremely complex
because sound contamination usually tends to be intense and nonstationary.
The solution described in this paper has been tested on a specific problem of
acoustic signal isolation and noise detection of a coal grinding fan mill in
thermal power plant in the presence of intense contaminating sound
disturbances, mainly impulse disturbance and speech contamination.
AS FANFICTIONS E AS RELAÇÕES DISCURSIVAS NO CIBERESPAÇO: PARTICIPAÇÃO SOCIAL POR MEIO DA LÍNGUA INGLESA
Authors: ADATI Felipe Sousa , FERREIRA Felipe Trevisan , CRISTOVÃO Vera Lúcia Lopes
Published: July 2017

A literatura, na medida em que é uma expressão artística, catártica e íntima dos pensamentos do autor, é também um ato social; e, como tal, transforma o meio em que é difundida (Cândido, 2000). Ela se transforma diacronicamente a fim de adaptar-se ao meio em que se insere ou, pelo contrário, quebrar os paradigmas vigentes. É nesse solo, influenciado pelo advento da internet, que brotam as fanfictions: textos literários criados por fãs de determinado ícone midiático que circulam no ciberespaço e que, apesar de sua despretensão, configuram grandes possibilidades ao empoderamento dos estudantes pela educação. Assim, este trabalho busca apresentar um mapeamento de trabalhos acerca do uso desses textos como instrumentos educacionais e analisar de que modo eles podem contribuir para a atenuação da condição de vulnerabilidade social e para o ensino de Língua Inglesa
Quantitative Robust Control Engineering: Theory and Experimental Results on Wind Turbines
Authors: Mario Garcia-Sanz
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a summary of the main concepts and references of the Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT). It is a frequency domain engineering method to design robust controllers. It explicitly emphasises the use of feedback to simultaneously reduce the effects of model plant uncertainty and satisfy performance specifications. QFT has shown a great power to solve real world problems. The second part of the paper describes a new direct drive, variable speed, multipole wind turbine of 1650 kW, and shows some representative experimental results of the wind turbine in different wind speed conditions and controlled by the QFT robust control technique.
Stator and Rotor Current Harmonics in Doubly Fed Machines with Cycloconverter in Rotor Circuit
Authors: J. Bendl, M. Chomat  , L. Schreier
Published: July 2017

The stator and rotor currents of a doubly fed machine (DFM) with a 12-pulse cycloconverter in the rotor circuit for different operating states are analyzed. It is shown that the stator as well as the rotor currents contain harmonic spectra dependent on the machine operating state, especially on the mutual relation of fundamental component frequencies of both the currents.
Control Strategy Development for an Inverter Controlled Wave Energy Plant.
Authors: R.G. Alcorn  , T.D. Finnigan
Published: July 2017

This paper will introduce the Energetech wave energy conversion system and describe its main elements of structure, turbine, generator, instrumentation and control systems. The concept of a parabolic wall which focuses the wave energy onto an oscillating water column (OWC) will be shown. The OWC converts the wave motion to pneumatic energy and then to kinetic energy in air flows suitable for mechanical conversion by the Energetech variable pitch turbine.
The paper will show the main points of the station design which is due to have its first pilot plant commissioned by end 2004, 100km south of Sydney, Australia. The paper will describe the development of a wave to wire simulation used to rapidly test various station configurations and control scenarios. The model described will be shown as the result of several years of rigorous study involving scale systems, tank testing and computational fluid dynamics.
Finally, the use of an inverter controlled variable speed drive will be discussed as the means of power take-off for the Energetech turbine. The control strategies developed using this system and their application in wave energy will be presented using the results of the wave to wire simulation.
Energy Analysis: Absorption Heat Transformer Cycle with a Combinig Ejector using Lithium Bromide/Water as Working Fluid.
Authors: A. Pongtornkulpanich  , M. Amornkitbamrung
Published: July 2017

In order to upgrade the waste heat to higher process temperatures for recuperation, an ejection absorption heat transformer gives more an effective potential for that purpose and higher system performance than a single-stage one. Thermodynamic analysis, both first and second law, is employed to be a tool for consideration of the quantity and quality of energy in both thermal systems. In this paper, an exergy analysis is comparatively performed on two cycles with lithium-bromide/water as the working pair. The numerical results for the cycle obtained here are tabulated. The thermal properties, entropy, and exergy of the working fluids are also calculated to analyze irreversible loss in system components under operating conditions.
Importance of Supply’s Quality in Calibration Laboratory.
Authors: M.D. Gutiérrez  , F. de la Bodega  , E. Loroño  , D.M. Larruskain
Published: July 2017

In a calibration laboratory at the time of carrying out electrical measures of physics magnitudes, and upper reliability is required in order to get results of high precision. Within protections and security measures, some aspects must be considered as electrical, while another, as temperature and ambiental conditions, must not.
Focusing on electrical aspects we must have into consideration that the quality of the measure rested on a reliable power source.
An sabilized feed voltage ia a sign of quality and it can be obtained by two different ways. One of them is to get it from combined cycles, the other is to use an Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS), since an UPS removes disturbances of the net, which could impede the correct measure and calibration of instruments.
In order to have a supply with requared quality, which means to have an stable voltage, both in permanent regime and in transitory regime, the use of UPS's becomes necessary and recomendable.
An special care must be have with micocuts, because these connections and disconnections cause anomalities in the sistem's operation, and the apearance of possible tips of voltage, which is not less important, UPS equipement are the ones that better conterac disturbances of the wave.
An Overview to Fault Location Methods in Distribution System Based on Single End Measures of Voltage an Current.
Authors: J. Mora  , J. Meléndez  , Marc Vinyoles  , J. Sánchez  , Manel Castro
Published: July 2017

The problem of fault location has been studied deeply for transmission lines due its importance in the power system. Nowadays the problem of fault location on distribution systems is receiving special attention mainly because of the power quality regulations. This paper presents some of the most relevant methods for fault location in radial power systems. Additionally here is presented an hybrid fault location algorithm which takes advantage of both, the algorithmic and the knowledge based methods. The obtained results from fault location methods help utilities in both network operation and network planning.
Non-Linear and Unbalanced Three-Phase Load Static Compensation with Asymmetrical and Non Sinusoidal Supply.
Authors: Reyes S. Herrera  , P. Salmerón
Published: July 2017

P-q theory has been widely used to control active power filters since its formulation in 1983. The compensation strategy used by the p-q theory users has not suffered modification; so it is used the constant power compensation strategy. In this way, the supply instantaneous power after compensation is constant. This kind of compensation strategy has obtained good results in the case of balanced and sinusoidal voltages, however it has not been appropriate in the case of unbalanced or non sinusoidal voltages. In this paper it has been researched about the modifications necessary, into the p-q theory frame, to get control strategies which allow to attack the unit power factor compensation or the balanced and sinusoidal currents compensation.
Voltage Waveforms Comparison for Different PWM Modulation Strategies.
Authors: H. Martín  , R. Bargalló
Published: July 2017

A comparison between several commonly used PWM modulation strategies is made, namely Sinusoidal Regular-Sampled Asymmetrical PWM, Regular-Sampled Asymmetrical PWM plus 3rd harmonic injection and Centred Asymmetrical Space Vector PWM, in order to determine which of them leads to a higher voltage waveform quality. It is shown that the first PWM method causes higher harmonic losses and that although 3rd harmonic injection PWM spectrum contains few harmonic terms than Centred Asymmetrical Space Vector PWM, the latter shows less weighted harmonic distortion
Economic Evaluation of Mitigation Methods Against Voltage Dips and Interruptions Based on Stochastic Reliability.
Authors: Dirk Van Hertem  , Marcel Didden  , Johan Driesen  , Ronnie Belmans
Published: July 2017

This article describes a method to select the techno-economic optimal method for the mitigation of voltage dips and interruptions. Because of the wide variety in mitigation equipment available on the market, the uncertainty of the grid reliability and the mostly unknown interruption cost, it is a very difficult task to determine which investment is the ‘optimal’ one for a certain location. One of the most challenging issues in finding this optimal solution, is comparing totally different protection methods, each with their degree of protection, and their specific costs. The theoretical approach is considered and the difficulties which make it impractical for use are stated. Also the used investment policy in the industries is briefly treated, based on performed surveys. Next a method is proposed to compare different mitigation methods, avoiding the drawbacks of the theoretical method, based on the reliability indices of the power supply. The influence of the grid reliability is discussed. This method is based on the stochastic character of the electricity distribution reliability.
Variable Speed Wind Energy System Based on a Synchronous Generator with a Three Level Inverter.
Authors: S. Arnaltes  , J.L. Rodríguez-Amenedo  , M.C. Pérez
Published: July 2017

The aim of this paper is to show the application of a three level inverter as a grid interface for a variable speed wind energy conversion system. New megawatt wind turbines demand for the connection at higher voltage levels. Multilevel level inverters provide the solution for connecting these wind turbines at voltages over 1 kV. A variable speed wind energy conversion system based on a synchronous generator with a three level inverter has been completely modelled. Then, the dynamic performance of this wind energy conversion system has been studied by simulation. The simulation results show the appropriate behaviour of this system.
Potential Production of ElectricalEnergy from Forest Biomass in the North of Spain: Cantabria.
Authors: S. Pérez  , C. J. Renedo  , D. Silió  , A. Ortiz  , M. Mañana
Published: July 2017

In this work, the authors analyze productive, power, environmental and economic aspects of the forest biomass in the north of Spain. All these points will determine the future development of this power resource, making special reference to the case of the province of Cantabria.
Optimal Location of Small Generators in Weak Networks with Optimal Operation.
Authors: J.A. Domínguez  , J.M. Yusta  , A.A. Bayod  , J.L. Bernal  , M.J. Velilla  , J. Mur  , M.A. García  , A. Diaz
Published: July 2017

This paper presents an algorithm to optimal location of small generators that allows to consider the optimal operation of the distribution network.
An optimal operation of the weak netwoks allows to improve the penetration of distributed generators in the above mentioned netwoks and to improve the benefits of its installation. The used algorithm is based on the heuristic technique of Tabu Search.
The obtained results allow to check the efficiency of the utilised search technique and the benefits that supposes for the location of new generators the optimal operation of the network.
Study of sensor modellinMeasurement Errors in a Current Sensor with Air-Gaps.
Authors: A. Usón1 , Letosa J.  , Arcega F.J.  , Samplón M  , Artal J.S.
Published: July 2017

A  modelization  of  a  toroidal  current  sensor  with  air  gaps  using  the  3D  finite  element  method  is  presented.  The  errors  associated  with  this  sensor  have  been  evaluated  and  the  experimental verification has been carried out.With  this  model  we  try  to  study  the  sensitivity  to  the  crosstalk  error  of  this  kind  of  current  sensors  in  function  of  two  design  parameters,  the  width  of  the  air  gap  and  the  position  of  the  sensor with respect to the cable carrying current.
Evaluation of Errors Associated with Crosstalk Magnetic Field using Finite Element Method in High Electrical Curretn Measurement
Authors: M. Samplón  , J. S. Artal  , J. Letosa  , A. Usón  , F. J. Arcega
Published: July 2017

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Review of the Distributed Generation Concept: Attempt of Unification.
Authors: F. Gonzalez-Longat  , C. Fortoul
Published: July 2017

This paper is a review of the different distributed generation  concepts  of  the  bibliography.  It  presents  the  most  known  concepts  of  international  and  regional  institution,  and  summarizes and characterizes all concepts to make an inclusive concept like results and conclusions of this paper.
Energy Management System for Offshore Wind Farms.
Authors: Ch. Eping  , J. Stenzel
Published: July 2017

This paper presents an energy man-agement system (EMS) especially for offshore windfarms. The main idea of the EMS is to reduce theimpact of wind energy on the system. Therefore apower schedule to reduce the fluctuating impact onthe power system is developed. This power scheduleafford as well an optimisation for the maintenanceof the windmills. The maintenance interval optimi-sation is therefore also included in the EMS. TheEMS has also the function to shutdown the windfarms in case of to much wind. It is obvious thata well-organised procedure for reducing the infeedpower into the high-voltage system is required. Thetransmission system operator (TSO) is informed inadvance about the power schedule and about theshutdown schedule. The main objective of the TSOis to minimize the impact on the power quality. Forthat he has to organize sufficient regulating power.
Multilevel Convertors for Distributed Power Generation Systems with DC Voltage Sources.
Authors: A. Jan Iwaszkiewicz  , B. Jacek Perz
Published: July 2017

The paper is related to the problem of generating the high qual-ity  AC  voltage  waveforms  in  distributed  power  generating  systems  with  DC  voltage  sources  like  photo-voltaic  farms  and  fuel  cells.  A  novel  approach  to  the  synthesis  of  AC  voltage  waveforms,  applying  chosen  analytical  methods  like  Fourier  transform,  Haar  wavelets  transform  and  orthogonal  vectors  method,  is  discussed.  The  simulation  and  experimental  results  for  the  proposed  complex  convertor’s  structures  are  presented  in the paper.
Definitions for Distributed Generation : A revision
Authors: A.A. Bayod Rújula  , J. Mur Amada  , J.L. Bernal-Agustín  , J.M. Yusta Loyo  , J.A, Domínguez Navarro
Published: July 2017

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A Hybrid Vehicle Configuration with Zero Emission.
Authors: José Manuel Andújar Márquez  , Francisca Segura Manzano  , Manuel Jesús Vasallo Vázquez
Published: July 2017

The search for alternatives to petroleum economy, in automotive field, must satisfy the energy requirements and to offer, at least, the same performance than conventional vehicles. This work proposes a vehicle configuration that satisfies its real energy requirements and also obtains a zero level of noxious emissions. This topology is constituted by a fuel cell, a battery and a bank of ultracapacitors. Once the energetic supply is guaranteed, the second problem consists on the power delivery control strategy. The importance of this control is to optimize the hybrid vehicle components operation mode. By means of simulations, this work shows the deficiencies of current control systems with respect to the supply and the energetic efficiency. Moreover, it suggests using a fuzzy control in the proposed topology in order to optimize the efficiency. This control policy is currently being developed by the author.
Development of Small-Scale Facilities for Initiating Studies into Sea Wave Energy Generation.
Authors: D.G. Dorrell  , R Halliday  , S. McLean  , P. Miller  , F. Santamaria Mosquera
Published: July 2017

This paper describes the preliminary work carried out within the Civil and Electronics and Electrical Engineering Departments of The University of Glasgow. Two experimental pieces of equipment are described; the first is a piston-type of device suitable for testing small turbines in an oscillating water column system. The second is the conversion of a water flume into a wave tank for use in tests of small wave generator models and wave prediction systems.
A New Hybrid Active Power Filter Topology Enabling Low Voltage Switching Devices and Storage Capacitors.
Authors: Marques H.S  , Anunciada A.V
Published: July 2017

The increasing importance of mains harmonic content has been responsible for several improvements in Active Power Filter topologies in the last decade.
The pure multiple half-bridge configurations are now becoming replaced by new hybrid topologies, aiming to be simultaneously less bulky and expensive.
This new technique consists in reducing the voltages at the storage capacitors and consequently at the switching devices. This is achieved by introducing an extra filter between mains and the power electronics converter, tuned at the interest frequencies.
This paper presents a new topology for parallel hybrid active filters that can reduce the converter voltage down to 5% of the mains voltage magnitude.
A simple, comparative study will be presented, taking in consideration some topologies previously proposed by other authors.
And SQP-Based Optimisation Algorithm for the Derivative Design of Generator.
Authors: B. Sobhi-Najafabadi  , Ö. Göl
Published: July 2017

This paper briefly reviews methods of optimisation applicable to electrical machine design with emphasis on deterministic techniques, then focusing on synchronous generator design optimisation. The case selected to demonstrate the validity of the approach is that of derivative generator design, based on an existing stator lamination. A single criterion deterministic optimisation algorithm, developed using sequential quadratic programming (SQP) technique, has been employed to obtain an optimum efficiency permanent magnet synchronous generator.
Synchronizing Renewable Energy Sources in Distributed Generation Systems.
Authors: C. Ramos  , A. Martins  , A. Carvalho
Published: July 2017

In renewable and distributed generation systems the grid voltage quality can be poor. So, the connection of power converters to the grid requires accurate control of synchronism between the two sources. The paper discusses issues on synchronization of power converters connected to the mains and related control methods. The design and experimentation of a prototype of a 200 kW power converter that connects a wind generator to the grid help to validate the adopted approach. In this paper a new zero crossing synchroniser is proposed having zero error in steady state, moderate speed response to grid frequency changes and amplitude voltage variations, and harmonics and noise immunity. The speed response, and harmonics and noise immunity are a trade-off. Simulation results with strong disturbances in the grid voltage show the robustness of the proposed method.
Power Quality Impact of Wind Farms on Domestic and Industrial Facilities.
Authors: F. Oliveira  , A. Madureira  , M. Pérez Donsión
Published: July 2017

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of a nearby Wind Farm on Power Quality at local domestic and industrial facilities. Adequate, specialized measuring equipment made it possible to measure several quantities and assess the main Power Quality parameters with special incidence on Flicker and Harmonics levels.
Construir áreas verdes para criar comunidades
Authors: Lira Ignacio
Published: July 2017

As cidades sul-americanas têm experimentado um importante desenvolvimento e crescimento nos últimos anos. No Chile e na América Latina, podemos testemunhar cidades modernas e com um bom padrão de vida e investimento, mas com um crescimento desproporcional e desigual. Essa desigualdade se expressa claramente nas grandes diferenças da qualidade de vida nos diferentes bairros das nossas cidades.

Na temática urbana, a prioridade das políticas públicas tem sido a habitação, tendo como primeiro objetivo diminuir o déficit habitacional da população. Mas prover um lugar para morar é muito mais do que prover um teto, e construir uma cidade não é sinônimo de construir casas.

Considerando essa realidade, em 2007, um grupo de arquitetos criou um projeto que busca melhorar o entorno e o espaço público dos bairros. Assim nasce a Fundação Mi Parque, iniciativa que tem como missão criar um sentido de comunidade através da recuperação participativa de áreas verdes nos bairros que mais precisam.

O modelo de trabalho articula três atores principais em uma parceria público-privada: a comunidade de moradores, a empresa privada e os municípios.

A Fundação Mi Parque cumpre o papel de facilitar e coordenar. Cada um dos atores tem responsabilidades definidas. Um dos aspectos diferenciadores deste modelo de intervenção em comparação ao trabalho usualmente realizado pelas prefeituras é a incorporação da participação da comunidade em todo o processo, desde as fases de projeto, divulgação e validação da proposta até a construção incluindo a sua posterior manutenção.

Palavras-chave: urbanismo; áreas verdes; comunidade.
Sobre a oportunidade de um legado olímpico para o Rio
Authors: Lassance Guilherme
Published: July 2017

A decisão de implantar a quase totalidade das instalações destinadas aos Jogos Olímpicos de 2016 na Barra da Tijuca pode ser criticável por ter sido em grande parte resultante das pressões associadas à especulação imobiliária. Entretanto, tal decisão permite imaginá-la como uma oportuna e talvez até mesmo inesperada contribuição para um potencial redirecionamento do paradigma de planejamento do município do Rio de Janeiro e sua região metropolitana.

No presente artigo vislumbramos a oportunidade de se favorecer a criação de centralidades alternativas em áreas menos centrais e valorizadas da cidade. Partimos para isso da constatação de que a discrepância geográfica de investimentos e a dificuldade de reconhecimento, por parte da administração pública, do papel econômico estratégico que áreas ainda não ou pouco urbanizadas podem desempenhar para a cidade, tem se transformado no principal combustível da expansão urbana não planejada e capitaneada pelo mercado imobiliário, seja ele formal ou informal.

Nesse sentido, entendemos que os problemas ambientais e deficiências da infraestrutura sanitária e de transporte comumente apontados como efeitos diretos da expansão urbana são na realidade decorrências diretas desse ciclo vicioso que os recentes investimentos destinados a realização dos Jogos de 2016 podem ajudar a romper.

Palavras-chave: Rio de Janeiro; Jogos Olímpicos; infraestrutura urbana.
A ausência de projeto urbano nas obras de mobilidade no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Herce Manuel
Published: July 2017

O artigo destaca a “particular” concepção da mobilidade adotada nas obras realizadas no Rio de janeiro com o motivo dos Jogos Olímpicos. O enorme investimento em melhorar o transporte público tem se caracterizado pelo esquecimento do pedestre e, em certas ocasiões, tem sido acompanhado de ampliações do espaço para automóveis privados, ignorando que as políticas de mobilidade sustentável são efetivas só com limitações no uso do carro e reforçando o espaço dos deslocamentos não motorizados (pedestre e ciclista). Perdeu-se a oportunidade de mudar o modelo de dependência do carro que impera na cidade, e o legado dos jogos que ficará não terá melhorado a qualidade do espaço público. Em outras cidades, uma mobilidade mais sustentável tem influenciado no esforço para melhorar suas ruas, fazendo delas lugares mais atrativos para o passeio e outras atividades urbanas. Parece que o setor público carioca tem renunciado ao projeto urbano, na crença de que os empresários de obras, sem controle, são mais eficazes. Os acontecimentos de corrupção no gasto público do país e os efeitos nas obras mostram o lado errado dessa estratégia.

Palavras-chave: Rio de Janeiro; urbanismo; mobilidade.
São Paulo:
Authors: Carnevale Marcelo
Published: July 2017

Neste artigo, discute-se sobre as novas formas de vizinhança definidas a partir do cotidiano em que muitas coisas acontecem simultaneamente. Essas relações são observadas na cidade de São Paulo. Algumas dessas relações são mais explícitas, próprias da megalópole, e outras são mais sutis à escala da rua. Entre elas, sempre é possível descobrir relações.

Palavras-chave: São Paulo; vizinhança; rua
A felszolgálási díj szabályozásáról az alapvető jogok biztosának eljárása kapcsán
Authors: Hámori Antal
Published: July 2017

The article introduces the statutory regulation of service charges in relation to the procedure of the Commissioner for Fundamental Rights in a complex manner, by referring to all affected parts of the statutory system providing a detailed and critical analysis, reasoning, furthermore the article also refers to the statutory dogmatic, constitutional issues, controversies, maladministration and interpreting questions related to service charges, by also making reference to the halts in consumer protection – repealing the 15% upper limit. The article presents the answer of the Commissioner for Fundamental Rights and the necessary reflection to this answer. The author publishes his thorough and firm opinion, which  takes into consideration consumer protection and discrimination aspects, in a usable manner for legislators and law enforcement bodies, and summarises the final conclusions, „missing items” complied in nine points.
PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA BAHARI BERBASIS SUMBERDAYA PULAU-PULAU KECIL DI PULAU SAYAFI DAN LIWO, KABUPATEN HALMAHERA TENGAH
Authors: Koroy Kismanto , Yulianda Fredinan , Butet Nurlisa A.
Published: July 2017

Kawasan pesisir pulau Sayafi dan Liwo memiliki potensi sumberdaya alam hayati yang tergolong masih cukup tinggi. Potensi sumberdaya alam yang dimiliki kedua pulau ini dapat dilihat pada ekosistem terumbu karang, ikan karang, ikan hias, padang lamun dan perikanan. Selain memiliki fungsi ekologis, ekosistem ini juga memiliki nilai estetika yang tinggi untuk pengembangan wisata bahari (marine tourism). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan kelas kesesuaian dan daya dukung ekowisata bahari untuk jenis kegiatan diving dan snorkeling yang dapat di manfaatkan di pulau Sayafi dan Liwo Kecamatan Patani Utara Kabupaten Halmahera Tengah Provinsi Maluku Utara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelas kesesuaian ekowisata bahari pulau Sayafi dan Liwo berada dalam kategori sesuai dan sangat sesuai, dengan daya tampung untuk jenis kegiatan wisata diving sebanyak 260 orang/ hari dengan area pemanfaatan sebesar 18.07 ha, dan untuk wisata snorkeling dengan area pemanfaatan sebesar 16.01 ha, mampu menampung wisatawan sebanyak 231 orang/ hari. Dengan demikian total wisatawan yang dapat ditampung kedua jenis kegiatan wisata sebesar 491 orang/hari.