bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resource Recovery and Utilization: Proceedings of the National Materials Conservation Symposium
Authors: Alter H , Horowitz E
Published: March 2009

Description

The National Materials Conservation Symposium on Resource Recovery and Utilization was held 29 April-1 May 1974 at the National Bureau of Standards in The symposium was sponsored by: National Bureau of Standards; Bureau of Mines; Environmental Protection Agency; National Center for Resource Recovery, Inc.; and American Society for Testing and Materials. Harvey Alter, National Center for Resource Recovery, Inc., and Emanuel Horowitz, National Bureau of Standards, served as the symposium cochairmen.
Environmental Effects on Advanced Composite Materials
Authors: Christian JL , Stein BA
Published: March 2009

Description

The Symposium on Environmental Effects on Advanced Composite Materials was presented at the Seventy-eighth Annual Meeting of the American Society for Testing and Materials held in Montreal, Canada, 22—27 June 1975. The symposium was sponsored by the Aerospace and Low Temperature Panels of the American Society for Testing and Materials—American Society of Mechanical Engineers—Metal Properties Council Joint Committee on Effect of Temperature on the Properties of Metals. J. L. Christian, General Dynamics, W. E. Witzell, General Dynamics, and B. A. Stein, NASA-Langley Research Center, served as symposium cochairmen.
Properties Related to Fracture Toughness
Authors: Weiss V , Warke WR
Published: March 2009

Description

The symposium on Properties Related to Fracture Toughness was presented at the Seventy-eighth Annual Meeting of the American Society for Testing and Materials held in Montreal, Canada, 22—27 June 1975. Committee E24 on Fracture Testing of Metals sponsored the symposium. W. R. Warke, Illinois Institute of Technology, Volker Weiss, Syracuse University, and George Hahn, Battelle Memorial Institute, presided as symposium cochairmen.
Irradiation Effects on The Microstructure and Properties of Metals
Authors: Shober FR
Published: March 2009

Description

An absolute must for anyone in the nuclear industry. Twenty-nine papers cover irradiation creep and stress relaxation; simulation; and embrittlement of pressure vessel steels, as well as mechanical properties, microstructure and void growth.
Fast Fracture and Crack Arrest
Authors: Hahn GT , Kanninen MF
Published: March 2009

Description

This book covers analysis of the crack arrest problem, numerical analysis methods for fast fracture and crack arrest, crack arrest determination using the double cantilever beam specimen, and experimental methods for fast fracture and crack arrest in 24 papers.
Concrete Pipe and The Soil-Structure System
Authors: Bealey M , Lemons JD
Published: March 2009

Description

Covers concrete pipe design theory, practice and current research in 9 papers. A needed volume for civil engineers, design engineers and researchers
Corrosion-Fatigue Technology
Authors: Craig HL , Crooker TW , Hoeppner DW
Published: March 2009

Description

18 papers offer a broad view of technology for characterizing, analyzing and preventing corrosion-fatigue failure in structural steels, high alloy specialty steels, lightweight titanium and aluminum alloys, heat resistant nickel-base alloys, and corrosion resistant tantalum.
Quantitive Surface Analysis of Materials
Authors: McIntyre NS
Published: March 2009

Description

The symposium on Progress in Quantitative Surface Analysis was held on 2—3 March 1977 in conjunction with the Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy in Cleveland, Ohio. The symposium was sponsored by the American Society for Testing and Materials through its Committee E42 on Surface Analysis. N. S. McIntyre, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited and vice-chairman (publications) of ASTM Committee E42, served as symposium chairman and editor of this publication. J. R. Cuthill, National Bureau of Standards and chairman of Committee E42, David Hercules, University of Pittsburgh, and G. G. Sweeney, Westinghouse Research Laboratories, served as session chairmen. Papers from the symposium as well as appropriate papers from the regular Pittsburgh Conference sessions on surface analysis are included in this special technical publication.
Sulfur Bacteria
Authors: Fjerdingstad E
Published: March 2009

Description

This publication discusses the microbial aspects of pollution with regards to algae and bacteria, especially sulfur bacteria.
Air Quality Meteorology and Atmospheric Ozone
Authors: Morris AL , Barras RC
Published: March 2009

Description

A compendium of papers, divided into two parts:

Part 1 devoted to Air Quality Meteorology describes practical application of atmospheric measurements and interpretation of atmospheric data for solution of everyday, environmental problems

Part 2 devoted to Atmospheric Ozone describes techniques for studying life cycle of a pollutant in the atmosphere, the need for additional information, and the current state of knowledge of ozone.
Disruption of Cdk5-Associated Phosphorylation of Residue Threonine-161 of the δ-Opioid Receptor: Impaired Receptor Function and Attenuated Morphine Antinociceptive Tolerance
Authors: Xie Wei-Yan , He Yi , Yang Yan-Rui , Li Ya-Fang , Kang Kai , Xing Bao-Ming , Wang Yun
Published: March 2009

Morphine is the most commonly used and most effective analgesic in the clinic. However, its use is limited by the tolerance. Evidence indicates that the δ-opioid receptor (DOR) is essential for morphine antinociceptive tolerance; however, their underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), activated in morphine antinociceptive tolerance, directly phosphorylates DOR at Thr-161 in DRG neurons. Cdk5 was found to phosphorylate Thr-161 in the second loop of DOR, but not the corresponding residue in the μ-opioid receptor (MOR). Phosphorylation at Thr-161 is required for normal cell surface expression of DOR, and the formation of DOR–MOR heterodimers. Our studies indicated that inhibition of Cdk5 activity or overexpression of a DOR mutant lacking the Cdk5 phosphorylation site displayed relatively low cell surface expression and relatively low abilities to form heterodimers of DOR and MOR; intrathecal delivery of a construct expressing the T161A mutant of DOR attenuated morphine antinociceptive tolerance in rats, suggesting that Thr-161 phosphorylation of DOR contributed to Cdk5-mediated morphine antinociceptive tolerance. Furthermore, an engineered Tat fusion-interfering peptide corresponding to the second intracellular loop of DOR (Tat-DOR-2L), reduced the cell surface expression of DOR, disrupted the formation of DOR–MOR heterodimers, and significantly attenuated the development of morphine antinociceptive tolerance after intrathecal injection. The present study indicates that Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation of DOR at Thr-161 plays a crucial role in the development of morphine tolerance and suggests the possibility of targeting DOR phosphorylation at Thr-161 to attenuate morphine antinociceptive tolerance during pain management.
Epithelial-Derived Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Is Required for Gustatory Neuron Targeting during a Critical Developmental Period
Authors: Ma Liqun , Lopez Grace F. , Krimm Robin F.
Published: March 2009

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is expressed in epithelial targets of gustatory neurons (i.e., fungiform papillae) before their innervation, and BDNF overexpression in nontaste regions of the tongue misdirects gustatory axons to these sites, suggesting that BDNF is necessary for gustatory axons to locate and innervate their correct targets during development. To test this hypothesis, we examined the targeting of taste neurons in BDNF-null mice (bdnf−/−). Analysis ofbdnf−/−mice using a combination of DiI labeling and electron microscopy revealed that taste regions were not innervated by gustatory axons. Instead, branching was increased and many nontaste regions were innervated. The increased branching by gustatory axons in these animals was facilitated by neurotrophin 4 (NT4), because branching was virtually eliminated inbdnf−/−/nt4−/−mice. No abnormalities in gustatory innervation patterns and targeting were observed innt4−/−mice. Conditional removal of BDNF selectively in epithelial cells disrupted targeting at the tongue tip, where gene recombination removedbdnfby embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5). However, innervation patterns were normal in the midregion and caudal portions of the tongue, where gene recombination did not occur until E14.5. These findings demonstrate that BDNF derived from gustatory epithelia is required for gustatory axons to correctly locate and innervate fungiform papillae. In addition, they show that BDNF-mediated targeting is restricted to a critical period of development, on or before E13.5.
Characterization of the Decision Network for Wing Expansion inDrosophilaUsing Targeted Expression of the TRPM8 Channel
Authors: Peabody Nathan C. , Pohl Jascha B. , Diao Fengqiu , Vreede Andrew P. , Sandstrom David J. , Wang Howard , Zelensky Paul K. , White Benjamin H.
Published: March 2009

After emergence, adult flies and other insects select a suitable perch and expand their wings. Wing expansion is governed by the hormone bursicon and can be delayed under adverse environmental conditions. How environmental factors delay bursicon release and alter perch selection and expansion behaviors has not been investigated in detail. Here we provide evidence that inDrosophilathe motor programs underlying perch selection and wing expansion have different environmental dependencies. Using physical manipulations, we demonstrate that the decision to perch is based primarily on environmental valuations and is incrementally delayed under conditions of increasing perturbation and confinement. In contrast, the all-or-none motor patterns underlying wing expansion are relatively invariant in length regardless of environmental conditions. Using a novel technique for targeted activation of neurons, we show that the highly stereotyped wing expansion motor patterns can be initiated by stimulation of NCCAP, a small network of central neurons that regulates the release of bursicon. Activation of this network using the cold-sensitive rat TRPM8 channel is sufficient to trigger all essential behavioral and somatic processes required for wing expansion. The delay of wing expansion under adverse circumstances thus couples an environmentally sensitive decision network to a command-like network that initiates a fixed action pattern. Because NCCAPmediates environmentally insensitive ecdysis-related behaviors inDrosophiladevelopment before adult emergence, the study of wing expansion promises insights not only into how networks mediate behavioral choices, but also into how decision networks develop.
Adrenergic and Noradrenergic Innervation of the Midbrain Ventral Tegmental Area and Retrorubral Field: Prominent Inputs from Medullary Homeostatic Centers
Authors: Mejías-Aponte Carlos A. , Drouin Candice , Aston-Jones Gary
Published: March 2009

Adrenergic agents modulate the activity of midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons. However, the sources of noradrenergic and adrenergic inputs are not well characterized. Immunostaining for dopamine β-hydroxylase revealed fibers within dopamine (DA) neuron areas, with the highest density in the retrorubral field (A8 cell group), followed by the VTA (A10 cell group), and very few fibers within substantia nigra compacta. A less dense, but a similar pattern of fibers was also found for the epinephrine marker, phenylethanolamineN-methyl transferase. Injection of the retrograde tracer wheat germ agglutinin-apo (inactivated) horseradish peroxidase conjugated to colloidal gold, or cholera toxin subunit b, revealed that the noradrenergic innervation of the A10 and A8 regions arise primarily from A1, A2, A5, and locus ceruleus neurons. Selective lesions of the ventral noradrenergic bundle confirmed a prominent innervation from A1 and A2 areas. Retrogradely labeled epinephrine neurons were found mainly in the C1 area. The identification of medullary noradrenergic and adrenergic afferents to DA neuron areas indicates new pathways for visceral-related inputs to reward-related areas in the midbrain.
Amyloid β-Induced Neuronal Hyperexcitability Triggers Progressive Epilepsy
Authors: Minkeviciene Rimante , Rheims Sylvain , Dobszay Marton B. , Zilberter Misha , Hartikainen Jarmo , Fülöp Lívia , Penke Botond , Zilberter Yuri , Harkany Tibor , Pitkänen Asla , Tanila Heikki
Published: March 2009

Alzheimer's disease is associated with an increased risk of unprovoked seizures. However, the underlying mechanisms of seizure induction remain elusive. Here, we performed video-EEG recordings in mice carrying mutant humanAPPsweandPS1dE9genes (APdE9mice) and their wild-type littermates to determine the prevalence of unprovoked seizures. In two recording episodes at the onset of amyloid β (Aβ) pathogenesis (3 and 4.5 months of age), at least one unprovoked seizure was detected in 65% ofAPdE9mice, of which 46% had multiple seizures and 38% had a generalized seizure. None of the wild-type mice had seizures. In a subset ofAPdE9mice, seizure phenotype was associated with a loss of calbindin-D28k immunoreactivity in dentate granular cells and ectopic expression of neuropeptide Y in mossy fibers. InAPdE9mice, persistently decreased resting membrane potential in neocortical layer 2/3 pyramidal cells and dentate granule cells underpinned increased network excitability as identified by patch-clamp electrophysiology. At stimulus strengths evoking single-component EPSPs in wild-type littermates,APdE9mice exhibited decreased action potential threshold and burst firing of pyramidal cells. Bath application (1 h) of Aβ1–42 or Aβ25–35 (proto-)fibrils but not oligomers induced significant membrane depolarization of pyramidal cells and increased the activity of excitatory cell populations as measured by extracellular field recordings in the juvenile rodent brain, confirming the pathogenic significance of bath-applied Aβ (proto-)fibrils. Overall, these data identify fibrillar Aβ as a pathogenic entity powerfully altering neuronal membrane properties such that hyperexcitability of pyramidal cells culminates in epileptiform activity.
A Specific Role of the Human Hippocampus in Recall of Temporal Sequences
Authors: Lehn Hanne , Steffenach Hill-Aina , van Strien Niels M. , Veltman Dick J. , Witter Menno P. , Håberg Asta K.
Published: March 2009

There is a growing interest in how temporal order of episodic memories is represented within the medial temporal lobe (MTL). Animal studies suggest that the hippocampal formation (HF) is critical for retrieving the temporal order of past experiences. However, human imaging studies that have tested recency discrimination between pairs of previously encoded items have generally failed to report HF activation. We hypothesized that recalling a naturalistic sequence of past events would be particularly sensitive to HF function, attributable to greater involvement of associative processes. To test this prediction, we let subjects watch a novel movie and later, during functional magnetic resonance imaging, asked them to rearrange and “replay” scenes from the movie in correct order. To identify areas specifically involved in retrieval of temporal order, we used a control condition where subjects logically inferred the order of scenes from the same movie. Extensive MTL activation was observed during sequence recall. Activation within the right HF was specifically related to retrieval of temporal order and correlated positively with accuracy of sequence recall. Also, the bilateral parahippocampal cortex responded to retrieval of temporal order, but the activation here was not related to performance. Our study is the first to unequivocally demonstrate that correct sequence recall depends on HF.
Dynamic Changes in Presynaptic and Axonal Transport Proteins Combined with Striatal Neuroinflammation Precede Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss in a Rat Model of AAV α-Synucleinopathy
Authors: Chung Chee Yeun , Koprich James B. , Siddiqi Hasan , Isacson Ole
Published: March 2009

Little is known about key pathological events preceding overt neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) and α-synucleinopathy. Recombinant adeno-associated virus 2-mediated delivery of mutant (A53T) human α-synuclein into the substantia nigra (SN) under a neuron-specific synapsin promoter resulted in protracted neurodegeneration with significant dopaminergic (DA) neuron loss by 17 weeks. As early as 4 weeks, there was an increase in a dopamine metabolite, DOPAC and histologically, DA axons in the striatum were dystrophic with degenerative bulbs. Before neuronal loss, significant changes were identified in levels of proteins relevant to synaptic transmission and axonal transport in the striatum and the SN. For example, striatal levels of rabphilin 3A and syntaxin were reduced. Levels of anterograde transport motor proteins (KIF1A, KIF1B, KIF2A, and KIF3A) were decreased in the striatum, whereas retrograde motor proteins (dynein, dynamitin, and dynactin1) were increased. In contrast to reduced levels in the striatum, KIF1A and KIF2A levels were elevated in the SN. There were dramatic changes in cytoskeletal protein levels, with actin levels increased and α-/γ-tubulin levels reduced. In addition to these alterations, a neuroinflammatory response was observed at 8 weeks in the striatum, but not in the SN, demonstrated by increased levels of Iba-1, activated microglia and increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α. These results demonstrate that changes in proteins relevant to synaptic transmission and axonal transport coupled with neuroinflammation, precede α-synuclein-mediated neuronal death. These findings can provide ideas for antecedent biomarkers and presymptomatic interventions in PD.
Segregated Populations of Hippocampal Principal CA1 Neurons Mediating Conditioning and Extinction of Contextual Fear
Authors: Tronson Natalie C. , Schrick Christina , Guzman Yomayra F. , Huh Kyu Hwan , Srivastava Deepak P. , Penzes Peter , Guedea Anita L. , Gao Can , Radulovic Jelena
Published: March 2009

Learning processes mediating conditioning and extinction of contextual fear require activation of several key signaling pathways in the hippocampus. Principal hippocampal CA1 neurons respond to fear conditioning by a coordinated activation of multiple protein kinases and immediate early genes, such ascFos, enabling rapid and lasting consolidation of contextual fear memory. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) additionally acts as a central mediator of fear extinction. It is not known however, whether these molecular events take place in overlapping or nonoverlapping neuronal populations. By using mouse models of conditioning and extinction of fear, we set out to determine the time course of cFos and Erk activity, their cellular overlap, and regulation by afferent cholinergic input from the medial septum. Analyses of cFos+and pErk+cells by immunofluorescence revealed predominant nuclear activation of either protein during conditioning and extinction of fear, respectively. TransgeniccFos-LacZmice were further used to labelin vivoFos+hippocampal cells during conditioning followed by pErk immunostaining after extinction. The results showed that these signaling molecules were activated in segregated populations of hippocampal principal neurons. Furthermore, immunotoxin-induced lesions of medial septal neurons, providing cholinergic input into the hippocampus, selectively abolished Erk activation and extinction of fear without affecting cFos responses and conditioning. These results demonstrate that extinction mechanisms based on Erk signaling involve a specific population of CA1 principal neurons distinctively regulated by afferent cholinergic input from the medial septum.
P2X4-Receptor-Mediated Synthesis and Release of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Microglia Is Dependent on Calcium and p38-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation
Authors: Trang Tuan , Beggs Simon , Wan Xiang , Salter Michael W.
Published: March 2009

Microglia in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord are increasingly recognized as being crucial in the pathogenesis of pain hypersensitivity after injury to a peripheral nerve. It is known that P2X4 purinoceptors (P2X4Rs) cause the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) from microglia, which is necessary for maintaining pain hypersensitivity after nerve injury. However, there is a critical gap in understanding how activation of microglial P2X4Rs leads to the release of BDNF. Here, we show that stimulating P2X4Rs with ATP evokes a biphasic release of BDNF from microglia: an early phase occurs within 5 min, whereas a late phase peaks 60 min after ATP stimulation. Concomitant with the late phase of release is an increased level of BDNF within the microglia. Both phases of BDNF release and the accumulation within the microglia are dependent on extracellular Ca2+. The late phase of BDNF release and accumulation, but not the early phase of release, are suppressed by inhibiting transcription and translation, indicating that activation of P2X4R causes an initial release of a pre-existing pool of BDNF followed by an increase inde novosynthesis of BDNF. The release of BDNF is abolished by inhibiting SNARE (solubleN-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor)-mediated exocytosis. Furthermore, we find that the P2X4R-evoked release and synthesis of BDNF are dependent on activation of p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Together, our findings provide a unifying mechanism for pain hypersensitivity after peripheral nerve injury through P2X4R-evoked increase in Ca2+and activation of p38-MAPK leading to the synthesis and exocytotic release of BDNF from microglia.
Inflammation Triggers Synaptic Alteration and Degeneration in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Centonze Diego , Muzio Luca , Rossi Silvia , Cavasinni Francesca , De Chiara Valentina , Bergami Alessandra , Musella Alessandra , D'Amelio Marcello , Cavallucci Virve , Martorana Alessandro , Bergamaschi Andrea , Cencioni Maria Teresa , Diamantini Adamo , Butti Erica , Comi Giancarlo , Bernardi Giorgio , Cecconi Francesco , Battistini Luca , Furlan Roberto , Martino Gianvito
Published: March 2009

Neurodegeneration is the irremediable pathological event occurring during chronic inflammatory diseases of the CNS. Here we show that, in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, inflammation is capable in enhancing glutamate transmission in the striatum and in promoting synaptic degeneration and dendritic spine loss. These alterations occur early in the disease course, are independent of demyelination, and are strongly associated with massive release of tumor necrosis factor-α from activated microglia. CNS invasion by myelin-specific blood-borne immune cells is the triggering event, and the downregulation of the early geneArc/Arg3.1, leading to the abnormal expression and phosphorylation of AMPA receptors, represents a culminating step in this cascade of neurodegenerative events. Accordingly, EAE-induced synaptopathy subsided during pharmacological blockade of AMPA receptors. Our data establish a link between neuroinflammation and synaptic degeneration and calls for early neuroprotective therapies in chronic inflammatory diseases of the CNS.
Emotion in Motion: Investigating the Time-Course of Emotional Judgments of Musical Stimuli
Authors: Bachorik Justin Pierre , Bangert Marc , Loui Psyche , Larke Kevin , Berger Jeff , Rowe Robert , Schlaug Gottfried
Published: March 2009

MUSIC ELICITS PROFOUND EMOTIONS; HOWEVER, THE time-course of these emotional responses during listening sessions is unclear. We investigated the length of time required for participants to initiate emotional responses ("integration time") to 138 musical samples from a variety of genres by monitoring their real-time continuous ratings of emotional content and arousal level of the musical excerpts (made using a joystick). On average, participants required 8.31 s (SEM = 0.10) of music before initiating emotional judgments. Additionally, we found that: 1) integration time depended on familiarity of songs; 2) soul/funk, jazz, and classical genres were more quickly assessed than other genres; and 3) musicians did not differ significantly in their responses from those with minimal instrumental musical experience. Results were partially explained by the tempo of musical stimuli and suggest that decisions regarding musical structure, as well as prior knowledge and musical preference, are involved in the emotional response to music.
Analysis of the Sequence and Phenotype of Drosophila Sex combs reduced Alleles Reveals Potential Functions of Conserved Protein Motifs of the Sex combs reduced Protein
Authors: Sivanantharajah Lovesha , Percival-Smith Anthony
Published: March 2009

The Drosophila Hox gene, Sex combs reduced (Scr), is required for patterning the larval and adult, labial and prothoracic segments. Fifteen Scr alleles were sequenced and the phenotypes analyzed in detail. Six null alleles were nonsense mutations (Scr2, Scr4, Scr11, Scr13, Scr13A, and Scr16) and one was an intragenic deletion (Scr17). Five hypomorphic alleles were missense mutations (Scr1, Scr3, Scr5, Scr6, and Scr8) and one was a small protein deletion (Scr15). Protein sequence changes were found in four of the five highly conserved domains of SCR: the DYTQL motif (Scr15), YPWM motif (Scr3), Homeodomain (Scr1), and C-terminal domain (CTD) (Scr6), indicating importance for SCR function. Analysis of the pleiotropy of viable Scr alleles for the formation of pseudotracheae suggests that the DYTQL motif and the CTD mediate a genetic interaction with proboscipedia. One allele Scr14, a missense allele in the conserved octapeptide, was an antimorphic allele that exhibited three interesting genetic properties. First, Scr14/Df had the same phenotype as Scr+/Df. Second, the ability of the Scr14 allele to interact intragenetically with Scr alleles mapped to the first 82 amino acids of SCR, which contains the octapeptide motif. Third, Scr6, which has two missense changes in the CTD, did not interact genetically with Scr14.
Estimation of Allele Frequencies From High-Coverage Genome-Sequencing Projects
Authors: Lynch Michael
Published: March 2009

A new generation of high-throughput sequencing strategies will soon lead to the acquisition of high-coverage genomic profiles of hundreds to thousands of individuals within species, generating unprecedented levels of information on the frequencies of nucleotides segregating at individual sites. However, because these new technologies are error prone and yield uneven coverage of alleles in diploid individuals, they also introduce the need for novel methods for analyzing the raw read data. A maximum-likelihood method for the estimation of allele frequencies is developed, eliminating both the need to arbitrarily discard individuals with low coverage and the requirement for an extrinsic measure of the sequence error rate. The resultant estimates are nearly unbiased with asymptotically minimal sampling variance, thereby defining the limits to our ability to estimate population-genetic parameters and providing a logical basis for the optimal design of population-genomic surveys.
The Multi-AT-Hook Chromosomal Protein of Drosophila melanogaster, D1, Is Dispensable for Viability
Authors: Weiler Karen S , Chatterjee Suman
Published: March 2009

The D1 protein is a high mobility group A (HMGA)-like nonhistone chromosomal protein with primary localization to certain AT-rich satellite DNA sequences within heterochromatin. The binding of D1 to euchromatic sequences is less studied and the functional significance of its chromosomal associations is unclear. By taking advantage of existing P-insertion alleles of the D1 gene, I generated D1 null mutations to investigate the phenotypic effect of loss of the D1 gene. In contrast to a previous report, I determined that the D1 gene is not essential for viability of Drosophila melanogaster, and moreover, that loss of D1 has no obvious phenotypic effects. My tests for an effect of D1 mutations on PEV revealed that it is not a suppressor of variegation, as concluded by other investigators. In fact, the consequence of loss of D1 on one of six variegating rearrangements tested, T(2;3)SbV, was dominant enhancement of PEV, suggesting a role for the protein in euchromatic chromatin structure and/or transcription. A study of D1 protein sequence conservation highlighted features shared with mammalian HMGA proteins, which function as architectural transcription factors.
Perspectives of inhibition of multidrug resistance during cancer chemotherapy, in vitro and in vivo experiments
Authors: Engi Helga
Published: March 2009

A daganatos megbetegedések elleni küzdelem hatásosságában a multidrog-rezisztencia kérdésének megoldása fontos szerepet játszik. Növekvő igény mutatkozik olyan új vegyületek kifejlesztésére, amelyek képesek gátolni a különböző rezisztenciamechanizmusokat. Célul tűztük ki a szintetikus (cinnamilidén-ketonok; 1,4-dihidropiridin és fenotiazinszármazékok; hősokkfehérje-90-gátló peptidek és Tilozin betti bázisú származék), valamint természetes (Euphorbia-diterpének) növényi alkotókból kivont származékok multidrog-rezisztenciáért felelős effluxpumpa-gátlásának vizsgálatát különböző sejtvonalakon, remélve, hogy a verapamiltól kevésbé toxikus, de annál hatásosabb rezisztenciamódosító vegyületeket találunk. A tézis első része a vizsgált vegyületek P-glikoprotein effluxpumpa-gátló hatását mutatja be különböző sejtvonalakon. Általánosságban elmondható, hogy az újonnan azonosított rezisztenciamódosító vegyületek képesek voltak a kiválasztott rákellenes szerek sejtszaporodás-gátló hatásának fokozására, köcsönhatásuk szinergizáló vagy additív hatást mutatottin vitrokísérletekben. A Tilozin betti bázisú származékin vitrokísérletekben tapasztalt hatását, továbbiin vivo, DBA/2 egér modellek alátámasztották. Az antitumorhatás vizsgálatának egy alternatív útja a különböző vegyületekkel kiváltott apoptózis folyamata. A legígéretesebb apoptózisindukálónak a dihidropiridin 13 bizonyult. A latrán vegyületek antipromóciós hatásánakin vitromodellezéséhez humán cytomegalovirussal fertőzött humán tüdőráksejteket használtunk. A vizsgált makrociklikus latrán típusú diterpén vegyületek többsége, kivéve a latilagascene D vegyület, képes volt a cytomegalovirus korai antigén-kifejeződésének gátlására.
Posterior circumflex humeral artery perforator flap (PCHAP-flap) in axillary scar release
Authors: Halmy Csaba , Szetei Katalin , Nádai Zoltán , Pesthy Pál , Juhász Zsuzsanna , Tóth Márta , Barta András
Published: March 2009

Az égési sérülés után kialakuló hegesedés gyakran érinti az axillaris régiót. A vállízület mozgását akadályozó hegek eredménytelen konzervatív kezelése esetén műtéti korrekció szükséges. A szerzők az axillaris régió égési sérülése után kialakult mozgáskorlátozottságot okozó instabil hegek miatt korai rekonstrukciót végeztek arteria circumflexa humeri posterior perforátor lebennyel. Véleményük szerint a lebeny, hagyományos szabad lebenyként történő alkalmazása mellett, kiválóan alkalmazható érnyeles szigetlebenyként is az axillaris régió rekonstrukciójában, például hónalji hegkorrekcióban.
Calagem e adubação mineral da soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) variedade Santa Maria, em solo de várzea
Authors: Baumgartner José Geraldo , Lopes Eli Sidney , Demattê Joel Domingos , Miyasaka Shiro , Igue Toshio , Guimarães Geraldo
Published: March 2009

Um experimento para estudar efeitos da calagem e da adubação mineral sobre o desenvolvimento da cultura de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) foi conduzido em solo de várzea, rico em matéria orgânica, localizado na Estação Experimental do Serviço do Vale do Paraíba, em Pindamonhangaba. Foram aplicadas doses crescentes de calcário, combinadas com diferentes niveis de fósforo e potássio, sendo também incluídos molibdênio e boro (micronutrientes), em alguns tratamentos. Verificou-se efeito favorável da calagem na produção de matéria seca e no teor de nitrogênio total da parte aérea das plantas. Não se observaram, todavia, diferenças nesses valores, por influência de dosagens do corretivo. A resposta favorável ao fósforo verificou-se apenas para o maior nível de adubação fosfatada, quer na ausência de calcário, quer dentro do menor nível de calcário, quando o fósforo foi aplicado junto ao potássio. As aplicações de potássio, molibdênio e boro não afetaram o desenvolvimento da cultura. A análise química do solo, feita periodicamente para todos os tratamentos, mostrou variações significativas nos valores de pH, em função do tempo, mesmo nas áreas que não receberam calcário. Verificou-se, ainda, que até aos 162 dias após a calagem não houve neutralização de todo o alumínio trocável.
Fineza e comprimento de fibra de doze variedades de rami
Authors: Castro Guilherme Augusto de Paiva
Published: March 2009

Estudaram-se a fineza e o comprimento de fibra de doze variedades internacionais de rami (Boehmeria nivea Gaud.) pertencentes à coleção existente no Instituto Agronômico do Estado de São Paulo. A variedade Taiwan Hakushi destacou-se como produtora de fibras mais finas, enquanto a Hsi-Ching-Chin-Hsin foi a que apresentou fibras mais grossas. Com relação ao comprimento de fibra, as variedades P.I. 87.521, Ban-methuot e Taiwan Hakushi tiveram os valores mais baixos, apresentando porcentagens mais elevadas de fibras curtas, e Hakuhi Ibgou, Hsi-Ching-Chin-Hsin e Shalien n.° 1 apresentaram comprimentos médios de fibras mais altos, destacando-se por porcentagens mais elevadas de fibras longas.
Efeito do tipo de mudas na produção de morangueiro
Authors: Camargo Leocádio de Souza , Scaranari Hélio José , Igue Toshio
Published: March 2009

O presente ensaio foi realizado, em 1971, na Estação Experimental de Jundiai, Instituto Agronômico, com o cultivar Campinas, precoce, produtivo e o mais cultivado em São Paulo. A fim de verificar o efeito de tipos de mudas nas produções, no primeiro mês de colheita (maio) e no período total (maio até novembro), foram comparados os tipos de mudas seguintes: mudas de estolho plantadas em laminados; idem, plantadas em sacos plásticos perfurados; idem, plantadas em viveiro, no espaçamento de 10 cm x 20 cm; e mudas de coroa, obtidas por divisão do rizoma da planta velha do ano anterior. As mudas de estolho foram plantadas em 11 de fevereiro de 1971. O plantio no campo, no local definitivo, em todos os casos, foi em 16 de março de 1971. As análises estatísticas das produções mostraram o seguinte: em maio houve diferença altamente significativa entre os tratamentos; a maior produção foi obtida no tratamento de mudas de estolho plantadas em sacos plásticos perfurados, e a menor, no tratamento de mudas de coroa. Em relação à produção total - maio até novembro - não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos.
Comportamento de cultivares de trigo em condições de sequeiro no estado de São Paulo
Authors: Camargo Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira , Alcovér Mílton , Issa Eduardo
Published: March 2009

Em ensaios de competição regional de cultivares de trigo em condição de sequeiro, efetuados no ano de 1971, no Estado de São Paulo, destacaram-se os seguintes, na ordem decrescente de produtividade: S-12, IRN-526-63, Pitic-62, BH-1146, IAC-5 e 1AC-7. As diferenças de produções desses cultivares não foram significativas (Tukey a 5%). O cultivar IRN-526-63, de origem mexicana, apresentou também resistência à ferrugem do colmo e ausência de acamamento, aliados a boa adaptação às diferentes regiões tritícolas paulistas em condição de sequeiro.
Contribuição ao estudo taxonômico do gênero Phaseolus L: no Brasil
Authors: Leitão Filho Hermógenes de Freitas
Published: March 2009

Neste trabalho é apresentada a delimitação das seções do gênero Phaseolus L., com suas respectivas diagnoses. Na atualidade, o gênero Phaseolus L. compreende sete seções: Ceratotropis Pip., Cochliasanthus Pip., Euphaseolus Benth., Lasiospron Pip., Macroptilium Benth., Microcochle Pip. e Sigmoidotropis Pip. A seção Leptospron Benth. foi reduzida à sinonímia de Euphaseolus Benth., enquanto a seção Macroptilium Benth., que para alguns autores deve ter a individualidade de gênero, foi mantida em sua posição anterior. É também apresentada a relação das espécies brasileiras e exóticas cultivadas no Brasil do gênero Phoseolus L., com sua respectiva sinonímia.
Comportamento de cultivares de trigo em solos de várzea do estado de São Paulo
Authors: Camargo Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira , Rocha Túlio Ribeiro , Leite Norberto , Issa Eduardo
Published: March 2009

Foram realizados três ensaios de competição de cultivares de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) em diferentes várzeas do Estado de São Paulo. Os cultivares IAC-5, S-12, BH-1146 e IRN-526-63 foram superiores na Estação Experimental de Mococa; os cultivares S-12 e Pitic-62 mostraram bom comportamento na várzea da Fazenda Jamic, município de Guatapará; e os cultivares IRN-152-63, Sonora-63, LA-1434 e IRN-526-63 apresentaram boa adaptação às condições do Campo de Pesquisas do Serviço do Vale do Paraíba, em Pindamonhangaba. Além dos dados de produção foram também avaliados os seguintes caracteres: altura das plantas, ciclo, resistência ao acamamento e às doenças, comprimento das espigas, número médio de espiguetas por espiga, número médio de grãos por espiga e por espigueta.
Controle de tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L: ) com aplicações sucessivas de EPTC, em cultura de feijão
Authors: Deuber Robert , Forster Reinaldo
Published: March 2009

Estudou-se o controle da tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) por meio de aplicações sucessivas de EPTC, uma e duas vezes ao ano, por dois anos. Aliou-se a eficiência do produto contra a tiririca à sua seletividade ao feijoeiro (Phaseotus vulgaris L.), cv. carioca. As doses variaram desde 0 a 21,6 kg/ha do ingrediente ativo, sendo que a dose máxima não se mostrou esterilizante do solo, nem com duas aplicações ao ano, o que se verificou pela população de carrapicho-de-carneiro (Acanthospermum hispidum DC) e serralha-falsa (Emilia sonchifolia L.). Houve redução gradativa e significativa da população de tiririca, com duas aplicações por ano, em todas as doses. Nas mais elevadas verificou-se redução total após dois anos. Com uma aplicação por ano, nas doses mais elevadas, houve recuperação parcial, e nas mais baixas, recuperação total. As produções e a qualidade da cultura não foram afetadas pelo herbicida. Houve aumento de produção com a elevação da dose na segunda e quarta safras, devido, aparentemente, à eliminação da competição da tiririca.
Algumas características de variedades de rami e suas correlações com o teor de fibra
Authors: Castro Guilheme A. de Paiva , Igue Toshio
Published: March 2009

Algumas características, como peso de caules verdes com folhas, de caules verdes sem folhas, de duzentos e cinqüenta milímetros de caules verdes e secos, de fibra seca, teor de umidade do caule, comprimento e diâmetro de caule, foram estudadas em doze variedades internacionais de rami (Boehmeria nivea Gaud.). As variedades apresentaram valores diferentes para as características estudadas. Foi efetuado estudo de correlação entre o teor de fibra e características, para verificar o grau de associação existente entre elas, encontrando-se algumas correlações significativas.
Adubação do trigo VI - Experiências de modo de aplicação de nitrogênio em solo de várzea
Authors: Camargo Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira , Rocha Túllio Ribeiro
Published: March 2009

Foram realizados dois experimentos de adubação, visando estudar o modo de aplicação do nitrogênio para a cultura de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) era condição de várzea, na Estação Experimental de Mococa, Os resultados obtidos nesses ensaios mostraram grandes efeitos da adubação nitrogenada. Os melhores modos de aplicação de nitrogênio foram: quando esse elemento foi aplicado parceladamente, isto é, 1/5 no sulco de plantio e 4/5 em cobertura, aos 30-40 dias após a germinação, e quando o nitrogênio foi aplicado totalmente em cobertura.
Efeitos da aplicação de N e de K sobre características gerais do algodoeiro cultivado em latossolos não deficientes em potássio
Authors: Silva N. M. , Ferraz C. A. M. , Gridi-Papp I. L. , Cia E , Sabino N. P.
Published: March 2009

Em latossolos do Estado de São Paulo, não deficientes em potássio para a cultura algodoeira, os efeitos de N e de K sobre certas características da planta se relacionaram com os resultados da análise química do solo. A adubação potássica diminuiu a precocidade da planta, em particular nos solos medianamente bem supridos em potássio. Tal índice não foi afetado pela adubação nitrogenada. A aplicação de N aumentou os valores médios de peso de 100 sementes, peso de um capulho e índice de fibra, com destaque nos solos mais ricos em K. A adubação potássica não influenciou essas características. O comprimento e a resistência da fibra foram melhorados pela adubação nitrogenada, no grupo de solos mais ricos em K. A aplicação de K não alterou significativamente as características tecnológicas da fibra.
Valor nutritivo da leguminosa Pueraria phaseoloides como alternativa na suplementação alimentar de ruminantes na Amazônia Oriental
Authors: Monteiro Edwana Mara Moreira , Lourenço Júnior José de Brito , Santos Núbia de Fátima Alves dos , Aviz Márcia Alessandra Brito de
Published: March 2009

A pecuária é uma atividade de índices produtivos satisfatórios na região amazônica. Entretanto, alguns ruminantes são mantidos, na sua maioria, em pastagens implantadas em solos de baixa fertilidade, sujeitas a estresses climáticos, com reflexos negativos na disponibilidade e valor nutritivo da forragem produzida. Nesse aspecto, inovações tecnológicas adequadas à região, contribuirão para elevação dos padrões produtivos, através da intensificação no uso de suplementação alimentar, com leguminosas adaptadas. A leguminosa Pueraria phaseoloides apresenta diversas vantagens como cultura intercalar, destacando-se: melhor conservação do solo, alta produção de massa verde, alta concentração de proteínas nas suas folhas, dentre outras. Assim, essa leguminosa desponta como alternativa na suplementação alimentar de ruminantes, devido ao seu potencial forrageiro.
Estiolamento, incisão na base da estaca e uso do ácido indolbutírico na propagação da caramboleira por estacas lenhosas
Authors: Bastos Débora Costa , Scarpare Filho João Alexio , Libardi Marília Neubern , Pio Rafael
Published: March 2009

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o efeito do estiolamento, da incisão na base da estaca e do tratamento com ácido indolbutírico (AIB) no enraizamento de estacas lenhosas de caramboleira. As estacas foram padronizadas com um par de folhas inteiras e 12 cm de comprimento. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 3 x 4, onde os fatores estudados foram técnicas aplicadas nas estacas (estiolamento, ferimento na base e controle) e diferentes concentrações de AIB (0; 3.000; 6.000 e 9.000 mg L-1). As estacas lenhosas foram utilizadas como tratamento-controle. O estiolamento foi realizado 45 dias antes da retirada da estaca no ramo, envolvendo-se a base da futura estaca com fita plástica preta. A incisão na base da estaca foi realizada no preparo das mesmas, através de dois cortes na base. As estacas foram mantidas em câmara de nebulização intermitente e, após 75 dias, avaliaram-se as porcentagens de estacas enraizadas, de estacas vivas, de formação de calos e o número de raízes emitidas por estaca. Concluiu-se que as técnicas de estiolamento e ferimento na base da estaca, e a aplicação de AIB não induziram a formação de raízes em estacas lenhosas de caramboleira.
Qualidade física e fisiológica de sementes de braquiárias comercializadas em Campo Grande-MS
Authors: Laura Valdemir Antônio , Rodrigues Adriana Paula D'Agostini Contreiras , Arias Edison Rubens Arrabal , Chermouth Katyuce da Silva , Rossi Tiago
Published: March 2009

Conduziu-se, o presente trabalho, no Laboratório Didático de Análise de Sementes da Universidade para o Desenvolvimento do Estado e da Região do Pantanal - UNIDERP, com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade física e fisiológica de sementes de três espécies de braquiárias (Brachiaria brizantha, B. humidicola e B. decumbens), provenientes de seis empresas estabelecidas no comércio de Campo Grande-MS. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 X 6, com três espécies e seis procedências, totalizando 18 tratamentos. As variáveis analisadas foram: pureza física, primeira contagem do teste de germinação, germinação, valor cultural e massa de 1.000 sementes. Para análise estatística, os dados, quando necessário, foram transformados e as médias comparadas. Há grande variação na qualidade física e fisiológica das sementes de braquiárias comercializadas em Campo Grande-MS; as sementes da espécie B. humidicola, comercializadas em Campo Grande-MS são, em geral, de baixa qualidade física e fisiológica.
Extrafloral nectaries alter arthropod community structure and mediate peach (Prunus persica) plant defense
Authors: Mathews Clarissa R. , Bottrell Dale G. , Brown Mark W.
Published: March 2009

We investigated the role of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) in mediating plant defense for newly established peach (Prunus persica) trees. We used peaches of a single cultivar (“Lovell”) that varied with respect to EFN leaf phenotype (with or without EFNs) to determine if the EFNs affected the structure of the arthropod community colonizing newly planted seedlings. We also tested if the plants producing EFNs benefited from reduced herbivory or enhanced productivity. In the first year following planting, the young peach trees with EFNs were dominated by ants, and arthropod community diversity was lower than for trees without EFNs. The young trees with EFNs harbored fewer herbivores and experienced a twofold reduction in folivory compared to trees without EFNs. Productivity was also enhanced for the trees with EFNs, which attained significantly higher rates of trunk growth, greater terminal carbon composition, and a threefold increase in buds produced in subsequent years. In the second year of the field study, ants remained numerically dominant on trees with EFNs, but arthropod community diversity was higher than for trees without EFNs. An additional study revealed that folivory rates in May increased dramatically for trees with EFNs if ants were excluded from their canopies, indicating that ants have a protective function when the perennial trees produce new leaves. However, in later months, regardless of ants' presence, the trees with EFNs suffered less folivory than trees lacking EFNs. The diversity and richness of the predator trophic group increased when ants were excluded from trees with EFNs, but overall community diversity (i.e., herbivores and predators combined) was not affected by the ants' presence. Our research indicates that the EFNs play an important role in attracting predators that protect the trees from herbivores, and the EFN host‐plant characteristic should be retained in future peach cultivar selections. Furthermore, peach production programs aimed at reducing insecticide inputs should seek to incorporate peach cultivars with EFNs, to optimize the potential for naturally occurring biological control agents to protect the trees from herbivores.