bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of a wide incident angle- and polarisation-insensitive microwave metamaterial absorber based on a symmetric flower structure
Authors: Hoa Nguyen Thi Quynh , Tung Phan Duy , Dung Nguyen Duc , Nguyen Hugo , Tuan Tran Sy
Published: June 2019

In this study, we propose a wide incident angle- and polarisation-insensitive metamaterial absorber covered with structures comprising a metallic flower shape layer, a dielectric layer and a metallic ground plane. The influences of the structural parameters on the absorptivity are investigated numerically. The proposed absorber exhibits polarisation insensitivity as the number of symmetric petals of a flower shape reaches as high as 4, 6 and 8. Particularly, the absorber based on 8 petals shows an absorptivity of above 90% for wide incident angles up to 70° under transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarisations. The physical mechanism of these observations is clarified by investigating the electric, power loss density and induced current distributions, which is also supported by the retrieved constitutive electromagnetic parameters. That is, the absorption phenomenon is considerably affected by magnetic resonance. By modifying the petals into hollow shapes, the absorber becomes effective in confining the magnetic resonance and can thus minimise the resonant frequency variation to 0.22% without affecting the absorption performance. In comparison with other reported metamaterial absorbers, our design shows considerable practical feasibility in terms of resonant frequency stability, wide incident angle and polarisation insensitivity, thereby making it suitable for various applications in microwave frequency region.
Low-frequency band gaps in a metamaterial rod by negative-stiffness mechanisms: Design and experimental validation
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhou Jiaxi , Wang Qiang , Ouyang Huajiang , Xu Daolin
Published: June 2019

A metamaterial rod with resonators containing negative-stiffness (NS) mechanisms is proposed for generating very low-frequency bandgaps. The underlying principle employs the NS mechanism (a pair of mutual repelling permanent magnet rings) to partially or totally neutralize the stiffness of the positive-stiffness element (two coil springs) of the resonator and thus to achieve an ultralow, even zero, stiffness, which enables a significant shift of the bandgap from a high frequency to a low one. Experiments on the restoring force feature of the resonator and the bandgap of the metamaterial rod are carried out, which provide sufficient evidence to validate the proposed concept for substantially lowering bandgaps in locally resonant metamaterials. This study opens a potential path to manipulate elastic waves within a very low-frequency range.
Synthesis, crystal structure and physical properties of the solid solutions Ca14–x
RExCdSb11 (RE = La–Nd, Sm, Gd–Yb, x ≈ 0.85 ± 0.15)
Authors: Baranets Sviatoslav , Voss Leonard , Stoyko Stanislav , Bobev Svilen
Published: June 2019

This article deals with the new antimonides represented with the general formula Ca14–xRExCdSb11 (RE = La–Nd, Sm, Gd–Yb, x ≈ 0.85 ± 0.15). The 12 studied compounds constitute a nearly complete series of rare-earth metal substituted variants of the ternary Ca14CdSb11 phase. All have been synthesized from the respective elements, employing high-temperature reactions under molten flux conditions. The structures have been fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. All materials crystallize in the tetragonal Ca14AlSb11 structure type (space group I41/acd, No. 142, Z = 8). Rare-earth element atoms randomly substitute Ca atoms on the four available crystallographic sites, with a noted preference for the Ca2 site in case of the light (La–Nd) rare-earth elements and the Ca1 site in case of the heavier (Sm, Gd–Yb) ones. The electronic structure calculations and resistivity measurements indicate title compounds as degenerated semiconductors. Magnetization measurements at varied temperature show Curie-Weiss paramagnetic behavior consistent with local-moment magnetism due to the 3+ ground state for the rare-earth metal ions. In the case of the Yb-containing sample, a mixed-valence Yb2+/3+ state is apparent. The measured charge transport properties suggest small bandgap degenerate semiconductor-like behavior and suitability for thermoelectrics.
Vibrational spectra of dissociatively adsorbed D2O on Al-terminated α-Al2O3(0001) surfaces from ab initio molecular dynamics
Authors: Melani Giacomo , Nagata Yuki , Campen R. Kramer , Saalfrank Peter
Published: June 2019

Water can adsorb molecularly or dissociatively onto different sites of metal oxide surfaces. These adsorption sites can be disentangled using surface-sensitive vibrational spectroscopy. Here, we model Vibrational Sum Frequency (VSF) spectra for various forms of dissociated, deuterated water on a reconstructed, Al-terminated α-Al2O3(0001) surface at submonolayer coverages (the so-called 1-2, 1-4, and 1-4′ modes). Using an efficient scheme based on velocity-velocity autocorrelation functions, we go beyond previous normal mode analyses by including anharmonicity, mode coupling, and thermal surface motion in the framework of ab initio molecular dynamics. In this way, we calculate vibrational density of states curves, infrared, and VSF spectra. Comparing computed VSF spectra with measured ones, we find that relative frequencies of resonances are in quite good agreement and linewidths are reasonably well represented, while VSF intensities coincide not well. We argue that intensities are sensitively affected by local interactions and thermal fluctuations, even at such low coverage, while absolute peak positions strongly depend on the choice of the electronic structure method and on the appropriate inclusion of anharmonicity.
Numerical solutions of the singular vortex problem
Authors: Kravtsov Sergey , Reznik Gregory
Published: June 2019

This study develops a finite-difference numerical formulation to describe the motion of a singular monopole in a quasigeostrophic β-channel model with scale-selective frictional damping, using parameter values typical for the middle-latitude atmosphere and a wide range of viscosities. In this model, the “theoretical” singular vortex is replaced by the equivalent nonsingular vortex of a finite amplitude, consistent with the finite spatial resolution of the model. Numerical experiments demonstrate that at initial stages of the singular-vortex (SV) evolution, this model accurately reproduces the behavior expected from the theoretical considerations of the inviscid case. The numerical model also approximately conserves several invariants of motion derived from the continuous equations and accurately represents their modifications in the presence of friction. The evolution of a singular cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere starts with the development of the dipolar β gyres in the regular component of the flow; these gyres induce initial northward displacement and subsequent westward bending of the cyclone trajectory. At larger times, the β gyres gradually disintegrate, and the singular cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere continues to move northwestward by forming a dipolelike system with the localized secondary regular-field anticyclone northeast of the singular-cyclone center resulting eventually in a friction-assisted steady-state regime. The SV trajectories tend to become more zonally elongated for large vortices and small values of viscosity. These results lay a foundation for numerical consideration of systems of multiple singular vortices, which could provide further insights into our fundamental understanding of the processes underlying the multiscale atmospheric and oceanic variability.
Plasmonic absorption-induced haze suppression in random scattering media
Authors: Zhao Lin , Blackman Malik , Zhang Lenan , Bhatia Bikram , Leroy Arny , Strobach Elise , Wang Evelyn N.
Published: June 2019

Light propagation in random scattering media is a common phenomenon in many scientific and engineering fields. Because of light-matter interaction, part of the light transmitted through a random scattering medium is diffuse and causes haze. Previous approaches to manipulate haze in random media mainly focused on regulating scattering and paid little attention to absorption. In this work, we present a comprehensive analysis of absorption-scattering coupling as well as its impact on haze in random media. We introduce the haze-absorption sensitivity (HAS) spectrum, an intrinsic property of a scattering medium that quantifies the potential of absorption-induced haze suppression. We also investigate the effect of scatterer geometry and concentration on the HAS spectrum. To experimentally demonstrate the effect of absorption in random media, we utilized the plasmonic absorption of silver and gold nanoparticles to reduce haze in a silica nanoparticle aqueous solution as the scattering medium. We showed that 15% (absolute) of haze suppression is possible by carefully choosing the optimal absorber. The experimental results closely matched the theoretical predictions. This work provides new understandings of absorption and scattering coupling in random media. The fundamental mechanisms elucidated in this work can offer new pathways for regulating haze in a variety of random scattering media.
Microstructural heterogeneity drives reaction initiation in granular materials
Authors: Bakarji Joseph , Tartakovsky Daniel M.
Published: June 2019

Thermal localization leads to reaction initiation in granular materials. Observations show that it occurs in the vicinity of large pores and, thus, depends on a material's microstructure. Since the spatial variability of the latter cannot be ascertained in all its relevant details, we treat the material's initial porosity as a random field. The so-called “hotspots” are then modeled as rare events in a complex nonlinear dynamical system. Their probability of occurrence is quantified by the tails of the distributions of the temperature and the corresponding reaction rate. These are computed via Monte Carlo simulations of a two-phase five-equation dynamic compaction model, which are supplemented with a mesoscale model of the thermal localization at the solid-gas interface. Our results demonstrate a strong nonlinear dependence of the probability of hotspot initiation on the variance of the initial porosity.
Characterization of colloidal nanocrystal surface structure using small angle neutron scattering and efficient Bayesian parameter estimation
Authors: Winslow Samuel W. , Shcherbakov-Wu Wenbi , Liu Yun , Tisdale William A. , Swan James W.
Published: June 2019

Complete structural characterization of colloidal nanocrystals is challenging due to rapid variation in the electronic, vibrational, and elemental properties across the nanocrystal surface. While electron microscopy and X-ray scattering techniques can provide detailed information about the inorganic nanocrystal core, these techniques provide little information about the molecular ligands coating the nanocrystal surface. Moreover, because most models for scattering data are parametrically nonlinear, uncertainty estimates for parameters are challenging to formulate robustly. Here, using oleate-capped PbS quantum dots as a model system, we demonstrate the capability of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) in resolving core, ligand-shell, and solvent structure for well-dispersed nanocrystals using a single technique. SANS scattering data collected at eight separate solvent deuteration fractions were used to characterize the structure of the nanocrystals in reciprocal space. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to develop a coarse-grained form factor describing the scattering length density profile of ligand-stabilized nanocrystals in solution. We introduce an affine invariant Markov chain Monte Carlo method to efficiently perform nonlinear parameter estimation for the form factor describing such dilute solutions. This technique yields robust uncertainty estimates. This experimental design is broadly applicable across colloidal nanocrystal material systems including emergent perovskite nanocrystals, and the parameter estimation protocol significantly accelerates characterization and provides new insights into the atomic and molecular structure of colloidal nanomaterials.
Effect of surface charge screening on critical magnetic fields during field induced structural transitions in magnetic fluids
Authors: Mohapatra Dillip Kumar , Philip John
Published: June 2019

The field induced anisotropic structure formation in magnetic fluids (popularly known as ferrofluids) is exploited in several applications such as optoelectronic devices, sensors, heat transfer, and biomedicine. We study the role of surface charge screening on critical magnetic fields associated with field induced structural formation in a charged magnetic nanofluid of hydrodynamic diameter ∼200 nm, containing superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles of diameter ∼10 nm. Three distinct critical magnetic fields are identified from the drastic changes in transmitted forward scattering light intensity. The first critical field occurs at the commencement of small aggregate formation, the second one on completion of linear aggregation process before the commencement of lateral coalescence of individual chains, and the third one occurs when the densely packed columnar solidlike structures are formed through zippering of individual chains. During the structural transitions, the transmitted light spot is transformed into a diffused ring, with distinct speckle characteristics, due to scattering from self-assembled linear aggregates. The speckle pattern was fully reversible, and the aggregation rate was found to increase linearly with increasing surfactant concentration. The experimentally observed critical fields were in good agreement with theoretical predictions at lower surfactant concentrations. These results provide better insights into the field induced structure formation useful in designing magnetic fluidic based optical devices such as tunable filters and optical switches.
Dynamic analysis of a Rayleigh scattering setup using synthetic light signals from a modulated LED
Authors: Mercier Bertrand , Castelain Thomas
Published: June 2019

Rayleigh scattering of a laser beam can be used for time-resolved local measurements of density in flows. A key-point of the approach lies in extracting flow density statistics from the measurement of the scattered-light power. Complex hardware equipment and software procedures are involved in this process. The present paper offers a method to assess the entire chain of acquisition of a typical setup in realistic conditions, and an analysis of its dynamic performances with respect to the theoretical expectations. This is achieved by simulating the light intensity fluctuations typically observed with a Rayleigh scattering setup, by use of a known light intensity fluctuation signal generated using a light-emitting diode modulated in output power. The tested Rayleigh scattering setup is shown to perfectly satisfy the theoretical predictions, meaning that it allows us to measure the spectrum of light intensity variations with an outstanding linearity within a dynamic range proportional to the square-root of the measurement time.
Compositional differences between conventional Chinese and genetically modified Roundup Ready soybeans
Authors: Xia Yimiao , Chen Fusheng , Liu Kunlun , Zhang Lifen , Duan Xiaojie , Zhang Xin , Zhu Zhenya
Published: June 2019

Glyphosate-tolerant genetically modified (GM) soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), known commercially as Roundup Ready soybeans, dominate oil consumption and are partly used for protein intake in China. Chemical composition of soybean seed determines its nutritional value, its processing suitability for various protein products, and market decisions. We conducted a compositional comparison of eight GM and 16 conventional Chinese representative soybean varieties. Crude protein, crude fat, moisture, ash, carbohydrate, crude fibre, amino acid and fatty acid contents of the different soybean genotypes were compared and analysed. The GM soybeans had the highest oil concentration but poorer quality, whereas conventional soybeans from the Huanghuaihai region of China showed significantly higher protein, total amino acid, essential amino acid and oleic acid contents, and lower n-6:n-3 ratio and carbohydrate content, which suggested superior nutritional value. Principal component analysis indicated that protein, carbohydrates and amino acids (except tryptophan, methionine, tyrosine, histidine and proline) contributed most to distinguishing GM soybeans from conventional Chinese soybeans. Differences among the GM and conventional soybeans collected from two major producing regions in China can help to guide manufacturing processes and market decisions with respect to soybeans. High protein and amino acid content in conventional Chinese soybeans mean the potential to expand and improve the International Life Sciences Institute Crop Composition Database used for safety assessment of GM soybean.
Carbon and nutrient release from experimental inundation of agricultural and forested floodplain soil and vegetation: influence of floodplain land use on the development of hypoxic blackwater during floods
Authors: Liu Xiaoying , Watts Robyn J. , Howitt Julia A. , McCasker Nicole
Published: June 2019

Overbank floods in modified lowland rivers often inundate a mosaic of different land uses (e.g. forests, crops and pastures) on the floodplain. We used a glasshouse experiment to investigate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrient (TP, NH4+, NOx) releases, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion in water following inundation of soil and vegetation from a lowland river floodplain in southern Australia. Six replicate samples of six intact soil and groundcover treatments were collected during summer; three from a forest (bare soil, wallaby grass and leaf litter) and three from an adjacent paddock (bare soil, wheat and ryegrass). Samples were placed in pots, inundated with river water over 16 days, and their leachates were compared with a river-water control. All vegetated groundcover treatments had significantly higher DOC and COD and significantly less DO at both Day 1 and Day 16 than did the soil-only treatments or the control. Leachates from paddock treatments were less coloured than those from forest treatments, despite having similar concentrations of DOC. Our findings imply that the inundation of any vegetation during summer floods can be a major source of DOC and a major contributor to DO depletion.
Extracting multiword expressions from texts with the aid of online resources
Authors: Bui Thuy , Boers Frank , Coxhead Averil
Published: June 2019

This article reports on a classroom intervention where L2 learners were prompted to look for multiword expressions in texts. The participants were two intact classes of Vietnamese learners of English as a foreign language. Over a period of eight weeks, the experimental group (n = 26) looked for expressions in texts, while the comparison group (n = 28) used the same texts for content-related activities. In pairs, students in the experimental group consulted online dictionaries and an online corpus to help them determine which word strings in the texts were common expressions. The students’ worksheets and audio-recorded interactions suggest they were by and large successful at this, but also reveal the students found it hard to identify the boundaries of expressions and occasionally failed to find the dictionary (sub-)entries that matched them. The two groups’ ability to recall the expressions was gauged by comparing their scores on a pre-test and a post-test administered one week after the last class and again five months later. The learning gains were greater in the experimental group, although the difference fell short of significance in the delayed post-test. Students in the experimental group whose proficiency in English was relatively high tended to benefit the most.
The amino acid transporter SLC-36.1 cooperates with PtdIns3P 5-kinase to control phagocytic lysosome reformation
Authors: Gan Qiwen , Wang Xin , Zhang Qian , Yin Qiuyuan , Jian Youli , Liu Yubing , Xuan Nan , Li Jinglin , Zhou Junxiang , Liu Kai , Jing Yudong , Wang Xiaochen , Yang Chonglin
Published: June 2019

Phagocytic removal of apoptotic cells involves formation, maturation, and digestion of cell corpse–containing phagosomes. The retrieval of lysosomal components following phagolysosomal digestion of cell corpses remains poorly understood. Here we reveal that the amino acid transporter SLC-36.1 is essential for lysosome reformation during cell corpse clearance inCaenorhabditis elegans embryos. Loss ofslc-36.1 leads to formation of phagolysosomal vacuoles arising from cell corpse–containing phagosomes. In the absence ofslc-36.1, phagosome maturation is not affected, but the retrieval of lysosomal components is inhibited. Moreover, loss of PPK-3, theC. elegans homologue of the PtdIns3P 5-kinase PIKfyve, similarly causes accumulation of phagolysosomal vacuoles that are defective in phagocytic lysosome reformation. SLC-36.1 and PPK-3 function in the same genetic pathway, and they directly interact with one another. In addition, loss ofslc-36.1 and ppk-3 causes strong defects in autophagic lysosome reformation in adult animals. Our findings thus suggest that the PPK-3–SLC-36.1 axis plays a central role in both phagocytic and autophagic lysosome formation.
Caveolin-1 selectively regulates microRNA sorting into microvesicles after noxious stimuli
Authors: Lee Heedoo , Li Chunhua , Zhang Yang , Zhang Duo , Otterbein Leo E. , Jin Yang
Published: June 2019

Emerging evidence suggests that extracellular vesicle (EV)–containing miRNAs mediate intercellular communications in response to noxious stimuli. It remains unclear how a cell selectively sorts the cellular miRNAs into EVs. We report that caveolin-1 (cav-1) is essential for sorting of selected miRNAs into microvesicles (MVs), a main type of EVs generated by outward budding of the plasma membrane. We found that cav-1 tyrosine 14 (Y14)–phosphorylation leads to interactions between cav-1 and hnRNPA2B1, an RNA-binding protein. The cav-1/hnRNPA2B1 complex subsequently traffics together into MVs. Oxidative stress induces O-GlcNAcylation of hnRNPA2B1, resulting in a robustly altered hnRNPA2B1-bound miRNA repertoire. Notably, cav-1 pY14 also promotes hnRNPA2B1 O-GlcNAcylation. Functionally, macrophages serve as the principal recipient of epithelial MVs in the lung. MV-containing cav-1/hnRNPA2B1 complex-bound miR-17/93 activate tissue macrophages. Collectively, cav-1 is the first identified membranous protein that directly guides RNA-binding protein into EVs. Our work delineates a novel mechanism by which oxidative stress compels epithelial cells to package and secrete specific miRNAs and elicits an innate immune response.
Loss of the interleukin-6 receptor causes immunodeficiency, atopy, and abnormal inflammatory responses
Authors: Spencer Sarah , Köstel Bal Sevgi , Egner William , Lango Allen Hana , Raza Syed I. , Ma Chi A. , Gürel Meltem , Zhang Yuan , Sun Guangping , Sabroe Ruth A. , Greene Daniel , Rae William , Shahin Tala , Kania Katarzyna , Ardy Rico Chandra , Thian Marini , Staples Emily , Pecchia-Bekkum Annika , Worrall William P.M. , Stephens Jonathan , Brown Matthew , Tuna Salih , York Melanie , Shackley Fiona , Kerrin Diarmuid , Sargur Ravishankar , Condliffe Alison , Tipu Hamid Nawaz , Kuehn Hye Sun , Rosenzweig Sergio D. , Turro Ernest , Tavaré Simon , Thrasher Adrian J. , Jodrell Duncan Ian , Smith Kenneth G.C. , Boztug Kaan , Milner Joshua D. , Thaventhiran James E.D.
Published: June 2019

IL-6 excess is central to the pathogenesis of multiple inflammatory conditions and is targeted in clinical practice by immunotherapy that blocks the IL-6 receptor encoded by IL6R. We describe two patients with homozygous mutations in IL6R who presented with recurrent infections, abnormal acute-phase responses, elevated IgE, eczema, and eosinophilia. This study identifies a novel primary immunodeficiency, clarifying the contribution of IL-6 to the phenotype of patients with mutations in IL6ST, STAT3, and ZNF341, genes encoding different components of the IL-6 signaling pathway, and alerts us to the potential toxicity of drugs targeting the IL-6R.
With PIPs, you get ZIPs and blips
Authors: Senning Eric N.
Published: June 2019

Senning discusses new research on the regulation of two-pore sodium channels by different phosphoinositide phosphates.
Modelling of multicomponent polydisperse systems using small-angle scattering data
Authors: Konarev P V , Kryukova A E , Volkov V V , Svergun D I
Published: June 2019

Algorithms for modelling of multicomponent polydisperse systems using small-angle scattering data have been developed. They cover a wide range of particle form-factors and take into account interparticle interactions. The algorithms are implemented in computer programs MIXTURE and POLYSAS, and their performance is tested on a number of simulated and experimental examples. The stability of the solution search is explored for the case of a two-component polydisperse system of spherical particles.
Influence of nanosecond laser irradiation on the structure and conductivity of BCx films
Authors: Zinin P V , Romanov R I , Fominski V Yu , Filonenko V P , Troyan I A , Bulatov K M , Vasil’evskii I S , Safonov D A , Fominski D V , Soloviev A A
Published: June 2019

Thin-film precursors of BC
x
were formed by pulsed laser codeposition of boron and carbon. Targets made of pressed boron and carbon powders with an equal element content (B/C = 1/1) and an increased carbon content (B/C = 1/3) were used. The films were deposited on sapphire substrates at elevated temperature (700°C) which determined the initial properties of the precursor BC
x
films. Irradiation of the films was carried out by laser pulses of nanosecond duration with varying intensity. The films obtained by laser annealing of BC
x
(Q-BC
x
) were studied by scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Irradiation under optimal conditions made allowed to realize pulsed melting of the films and partial preservation of their continuity on the substrate. The local structure of Q-BC
x
films and the nature of the changes in their electrophysical properties depended on the composition of the precursor films and the laser irradiation regimes.
Electronic, phononic and superconducting properties of hydrides of yttrium and sulfur at high pressure
Authors: Grishakov K S , Degtyarenko N N , Mazur E A
Published: June 2019

The electronic, phononic, and superconducting properties of double hydrides YH6and H3S are analyzed and compared with that for triple hydride YS4H4 . A common physical and numerical approach was used to determine both the stability range and the critical superconducting temperature. The characteristics of the high-pressure phase of the triple hydride YS4H4 are obtained.
Simulation of magnetization and heating processes in HTS tapes stacks
Authors: Anischenko I V , Pokrovskii S V , Rudnev I A
Published: June 2019

In this work we present a computational model for a magnetic levitation system based on stacks of 12 mm x 12 mm second generation GdBa2Cu3O7-x high temperature superconducting (HTSC) tapes. In our model we have used the magnetic and transport characteristics of real industrial HTSC tapes. The thermal properties of each layer of high-temperature superconducting tape and the features of the layered structure of whole stack have also been taken into account. The numerical simulation was performed using the finite element method. Distributions of both magnetic field throughout the space and the current in every tape of the stack were calculated for two cases: (i) cryocooler cooling mode and (ii) cooling in the liquid nitrogen. The magnetization curves of the stacks in external field of a permanent NdFeB magnet and levitation force dependence on the gap between the magnet and the HTS tapes stack in these cooling modes were obtained. We have calculated heat transfer and temperature distribution in the system taking into account the effect of thermal properties of Hastelloy substrate, as well as Cu and Ag stabilization layers on the cooling process and dynamic magnetization. Simulation results were compared with the experimental data and a good agreement with numerical ones was shown.
Structure and electronic properties of small gold clusters
Authors: Kurelchuk U.N. , Vasilyev O.S. , Borisyuk P.V.
Published: June 2019

Structure and electronic properties of small Au nanoclusters study was performed using density functional theory with pseudopotential in relativistic approximation. Density of states of the valence band, projected density of states was calculated, Bader charge density analysis is presented. The spatial behavior of the density of states was studied. Charge-momentum spatial anisotropy observed in symmetrical nanoclusters, electronic states on Fermi level of 1nm clusters founded to be caused mostly by d5/2 surface states.
Constructing the Standard Model fermions
Authors: Rowlands Peter
Published: June 2019

The Standard Model has three generations of fermions and antifermions, each with two states of isospin, and each of these has both a lepton and a quark in three possible colour states. In total there are 48 states. No known system exists for constructing these from first principles. Here, it is suggested that the number of degrees of freedom required is a consequence of the nilpotent complexified vector-quaternion Dirac algebra, which emerges from the representation of the fundamental parameters mass, time, charge and space as a Klein-4 group, and that these degrees of freedom lead to unique structural representations of each of the individual fermions.
Preliminary study for developing instantaneous quantum computing algorithms (IQCA)
Authors: Amoroso Richard L
Published: June 2019

Since the mid-1990s theoretical quadratic exponential and polynomial Quantum Computing (QC) speedup algorithms have been discussed. Recently the advent of relativistic information processing (RIP) introducing a relativistic qubit (r-qubit) with additional degrees of freedom beyond the current Hilbert space Bloch 2-sphere qubit formalism extended theory has appeared. In this work a penultimate form of QC speedup – Instantaneous Quantum Computing Algorithms (IQCA) is proposed. Discussion exists on passing beyond the quantum limits of locality and unitarity heretofore restricting the evolution of quantum systems to the standard Copenhagen Interpretation. In that respect as introduced in prior work an ontological-phase topological QC avails itself of extended modeling. As well-known by EPR experiments instantaneous connectivity exists inherently in the nonlocal arena. As our starting point we utilize Bohm’s super-implicate order where inside a wave packet a super-quantum potential introduces nonlocal connectivity. Additionally EPR experiments entangle simultaneously emitted photon pairs by parametric down-conversion. Operating an IQCA requires a parametric up-conversion cycle an M-Theoretic Unified Field Mechanical (MUFM) set of topological transformations beyond the current Galilean Lorentz-Poincairé transforms of the standard model (SM). Yang-Mills Kaluza-Klein (YM-KK) correspondence is shown to provide a path beyond the semi-quantum limit to realize the local-nonlocal duality required to implement IQCA.
On the risk of premature unification
Authors: Delphenich D
Published: June 2019

Although the wish to unify theories into something more fundamental is omnipresent and compelling, nonetheless, in a sense, theories must first be “unifiable.” The reasons for the success of the unification of electricity and magnetism into a theory of electromagnetism are contrasted with the reasons for the failure of the Einstein-Maxwell unification of gravitation and electromagnetism and the attempts of quantum gravity to unify Einstein’s theory of gravity with quantum field theory. The difference between a unification of two theories, a concatenation of them, and the existence of a formal analogy between them is also discussed.
The Feynman-Dyson propagators for neutral particles (locality or non-locality?)1
Authors: Dvoeglazov Valeriy V.
Published: June 2019

An analog of the S = 1/2 Feynman-Dyson propagator is presented in the framework of the S = 1 Weinberg’s theory. The basis for this construction is the concept of the Weinberg field as a system of four field functions differing by parity and by dual transformations. Next, we analyze the recent controversy in the definitions of the Feynman-Dyson propagator for the field operator containing the S = 1/2 self/anti-self charge conjugate states in the papers by D. Ahluwalia et al. and by W. Rodrigues Jr. et al. The solution of this mathematical controversy is obvious. It is related to the necessary doubling of the Fock Space (as in the Barut and Ziino works), thus extending the corresponding Clifford Algebra. However, the logical interrelations of different mathematical foundations with the physical interpretations are not so obvious. Physics should choose only one correct formalism - it is not clear, why two correct mathematical formalisms (which are based on the same postulates) lead to different physical results?
Quantum-entangled superluminal double-helix photon produces a relativistic superluminal quantum-vortex zitterbewegung electron and positron
Authors: Gauthier Richard
Published: June 2019

Two quantum-entangled spin-½ half-photons compose a double-helix photon model. The photon model is composed of a pair of superluminal helically-moving opposite electric charges of magnitude Q = e sqrt(2/alpha) = 16.6 e where alpha is the fine structure constant. During electron-positron pair production these charged half-photons curl up their single-helical trajectories to form geometrically-compatible relativistic zitterbewegung-frequency superluminal quantum-vortex electron and positron models. The superluminal charged energy quantum composing the resting electron and positron models moves on the surface of a mathematical horn torus.
A means for liquid water to retain information
Authors: Hankey Alex
Published: June 2019

The possibility of information storage in chemically pure water is controversial. Storage of digital information is impossible because hydrogen bonds constantly rearrange themselves; specific protons are not stably coupled to specific oxygen atoms. If information is to be stored, its retention must be by other means. Nevertheless, some scientists have contended that information retention in water is not inconceivable, suggesting that water’s microstructure may be involved. The purpose of this paper is to show how these make it possible for water to retain information of a kind different from any previously conceived. Two kinds of entropy can be defined in water, classical due to heat, and quantum attributable to microstates. The method adopted is to compare the two, and to show that the first produces limitations on the second. The number of polymolecules is so vast that the quantum entropy might exceed the heat entropy. Since the classical, heat entropy cannot be exceeded, the number of polymolecules accessible at a given temperature, T, is restricted, yielding a new form of information, I
R(T). The new form of information is entirely different from the four kinds previously known: Fisher Information in Statistics, Digital Information used in IT, Quantum Information, and Experience Information in biological systems at criticality. The new kind of information retained in water is analogous to Fisher Information in that it arises from restriction on the range of a variable, i.e. attributable to limitations on a statistical variable’s values. We therefore propose to name it, ‘Quantum Fisher Information’. Like the process of homoeopathic dilution, which has a limiting temperature around 70° C, Quantum Fisher Information is predicted to have a limiting temperature, T
L. This qualitative agreement is encouraging. Prediction of T
L requires calculating exact numbers of polymolecules. Information retention in water arises from the structure of quantum entropy, and the vast number of possible water polymolecules. Containing both classical and quantum components, the new information is analogous to Fisher Information in statistics.
On the extended Stochastic Electrodynamics Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Kracklauer A. F.
Published: June 2019

An extended version of Stochastic Electrodynamics (SED) which provides an interpretation of Quantum Mechanics free of its preternatural aspects is reviewed briefly. In addition, recent simulations of the hydrogen ground state based on SED which have been inconclusive are criticized for having employed only a restricted understating of the physical consequences of the hypothetical underpinning of SED.
Overview of theoretical considerations and problems related to the putative existence of repulsive gravitation, charge-mass repulsive force and unification
Authors: Lo C. Y.
Published: June 2019

We use a torsion balance scale to measure the attraction between two large lead balls and two smaller brass balls, connected with an up-side down T bar that is hung with a string. The vertical part of the T bar is attached with a mirror that reflects a laser beam to provide a light spot that shows how much the T bar has turned. It is observed that the gravitational forces between the lead balls and the brass balls are reduced when the temperature of the lead balls increased. Thus, this experiment shows clearly the existence of a repulsive gravitational force that increases as the temperature of the lead balls increase. This supports that the charge-mass interaction is the reason that the theories of Galileo, Newton, and Einstein failed to explain the Anomaly of the Space-Probes and flybys, and the fact that not all the neutral subjects necessarily fall with the same acceleration. In other words, the Newtonian law of gravitation is only approximately valid. Thus, the attempts such as J. Luo (罗俊)’s to obtain an accurate gravitational coupling constant with just improved skill are futile. The physical picture of Galileo, Newton, and Einstein on gravitation needs extension beyond the Standard Model (SM).
Self-organized computational rewrite language L predicating an optimal thermodynamic cosmic birth-order automorphic evolution of intelligent life, and consciousness, as nature’s IT
Authors: Marcer Peter J. , Rowlands Peter , Schempp Walter
Published: June 2019

This autonomous self-governed explanation of the cosmological thermodynamics of entirely novel states of matter (as in a renormalization group approach) includes the currently accepted fundamentals of physics, chemical valence, the periodic table and the basic neuroscience architecture/Nature’s IT of the sentient evolution of intelligent life; with notably, the DNA/RNA molecular biology of the genetic code, Standard Model elementary particle quantum physics, non-standard mathematical analysis and consciousness. Automorphic representations demonstrably have a’rest of the universe’ phenomenology which features: the zitterbewegung; the U1 unitary geometry of Standard model/chemical valence Lamb shift; the Aharonov-Bohm and Casimir effects; the single RNA and double DNA helices of biomolecular chemistry; the neuron/glial/microtubule//brain/mind/self. This anticipates the rewrite computation both of Turing and of L itself, in addition to mathematical analysis, natural semantic language capabilities and consciousness, as all inherent in the human genome/self, creating a new starting point for more of Nature’s IT wonders to come.
Is Dark Matter really necessary?
Authors: Marchal Christian
Published: June 2019

The impossibility of a gravitational equilibrium of clusters of galaxies was the main argument supporting the existence of Dark Matter. However, the expansion of Universe is also a main element of evolution of clusters and it leads to a dispersion of these large structures at a rate that is slower than the expansion itself: the presence of Dark Matter becomes useless.
Towards an exact solution of FRW type of spacetime with a generalised Chaplygin gas - an alternative approach
Authors: Panigrahi D
Published: June 2019

The evolution of a universe modelled by a generalised Chaplygin gas with an equation of state

p
=
−

A

ρ
α

is studied for a Robertson Walker type of spacetime. The resulting field equations are highly non linear in the scale factor which is a key equation of this work. Using this equation previous authors have explained dust dominated and accelerating universe at the two extreme cases. But to our knowledge we have not as yet come across any explicit solution of scale factor as function of time. To avoid such incompleteness, we have taken the first order approximation of the key equation and subsequently have found out the time explicit exact solutions of scale factor. This solution approaches ACDM model for large scale factor and the desirable feature of acceleration flip occurs in this case. We have also made a detailed analysis of flip time both analytically and graphically. Further the whole situation is studied in the backdrop of wellknown Raychaudhury equation and a comparison made with the previous results.
The ontological basis of quantum theory, nonlocality and local realism
Authors: Rauscher E A , Hurtak J J , Hurtak D E
Published: June 2019

In considering models of reality we must consider the fundamental nature of quantum mechanics, which has had great success in describing the spectrum of light from distant stars and galaxies, formulating the properties of the strong, electro-weak or electromagnetic and weak decay forces, and explaining atomic order formulated as the atomic periodic table and atomic spectra. A vast array of technologies has resulted from quantum theory, from semiconductors to NMR machines, nuclear reactors and possibly encryption secured, fast quantum computers. Quantum theory, however, has yet to fully engage with the gravitational force. With the advent of quantum theory, several major issues stand out, leaving us with major philosophical questions on the nature of physics and reality, and our ability to comprehend them. The issues involve the interpretation of quantum measurement, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle on the completeness of quantum theory and nonlocality. The frontiers of science continue to open new concepts based on a multidimensional reality which we use to address these issues, including solving the Schrödinger and Dirac equations in complex Minkowski eight space. We also formulate Bell’s theorem and the Young’s double slit experiment in Rauscher’s complex eight-space. We formulate an interpretation of the quantum that yields locality in a hyper-dimensional complex space and that maintains the completeness of quantum theory and nonlocality in usual four space, with local connectivity and the Lorentz invariant conditions, where subluminal and luminal signaling are maintained. Are we really forced to choose between two alternate views of reality? One view that external reality exists independent of the observer, and the other that the observer somehow is a participator or an integral part of all of nature. Must we choose between these or is there another way out? We find our way out and we satisfy both Bohr (Copenhagen) and Einstein (determinism) in bringing about a practical outcome of the debate. By developing and applying complex eight space, we can accommodate locality or local realism in terms of contiguous event connections in complex eight space. In four space, nonlocality dominates and also can be considered locality in eight space. The determination of the state of a system naturally collapses to its final state where quantum mechanics is functioning completely in four and in eight dimensional spaces.
Extended space model is consistent with the photon dynamics in the gravitational field
Authors: Tsipenyuk D. Yu. , Belayev W. B.
Published: June 2019

Extended space model (ESM) is a generalization of the special theory of relativity at a 5-dimensional space, and more specifically at (1 + 4) - dimensional space. Rotations in extended space correspond to the motion of a particle in gravity field in the embedded four-dimensional space-time. The possibility of a transition from the components of the 5-momentum of a particle in extended flat space to the components of a 4-momentum in an arbitrary4-dimensional space by means of rotations is considered. Variational principle of the stationary energy integral of photon allows us to determine its dynamics. We consider variation of energy of the light-like particle in the pseudo-Riemann space-time, find Lagrangian, canonical momenta and forces. We study how (TS)-rotation in ESM agrees with photon dynamics in the Schwarzschild field. Equations of the critical curve are obtained by the nonzero energy integral variation in accordance with principles of the calculus of variations in mechanics. This method is compared with the Fermat’s principle for the stationary gravity field and geodesics principle. Energy and momentum of the particle transferred to the gravity field is defined. The produced equations are solved for the metrics of Schwarzschild and Gödel. The gravitation mass of the photon is found in central gravity field in the Newtonian limit.
Influence of the binder composition on the properties of the silicon carbide green compacts and sintered parts prepared from the powders produced by SHS
Authors: Torosyan K S , Pak V G
Published: June 2019

In this work, the possibility of the application of binders based on the polyvinyl alcohol and paraffin instead of environmentally-dangerous phenol-formaldehyde resin-based binders in the production of silicon carbide ceramics are investigated. Introduction of citric acid and carbamide in the binder based on water solution of polyvinyl alcohol ensures the high wettability of the powders of non-oxide ceramics by the binder. The addition of castor oil and oleic acid in the solution of paraffine in petroleum leads to a decrease in the inter-particles frictions and an increase in the density of green compacts. The developed binders allow to reduce compaction pressure by 12–15%.
Application of nickel nanopowders of different morphology for the synthesis of highly porous materials by powder metallurgy
Authors: Zelensky V A , Ankudinov A B , Alymov M I , Rubtsov N M , Tregubova I V
Published: June 2019

In this work, we studied the morphology of nickel nanopowders synthesized in various ways: by chemical-metallurgical method, by decomposition of nickel formate and by electroexplosive technology. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of these nanopowders has been carried out. A sample carrier was made from the powder synthesized by electroexplosive technology. A porous material with a gradient structure was created by modifying the pore surface of a sample carrier with catalytically active centers of copper oxide.