bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effect of enzymatic hydrolyzate of the bursa of broiler chickens on cytotoxic activity and nonspecific immunity
Authors: Kolberg N. A. , Leontyeva S. A. , Tikhonov S. L. , Tikhonova N. V. , Shikhalev S. V. , Kirpikova K. E.
Published: October 2021

The use of biologically active substances of tissue origin for the creation of biologically active additives and immunomodulatory drugs is an important area of scientific research in the field of nutrition and pharmacology. The aim of the work is to evaluate the effect of enzymatic hydrolysate from the fabricium bag of broiler chickens on the cytotoxicity and nonspecific immunity of mice against the background of experimental salmonella infection using biotechnological methods. For the experiment, three equal experimental groups of white mongrel mice were formed. All laboratory animals were fed daily for seven days with enzymatic hydrolysate at a dose of 750 mg/kg (therapeutic dose), 150 mg/kg (0.2 therapeutic dose) and 3,750 mg/kg (five therapeutic doses). At the same time, the control group of animals received intragastric water in the same volume. 24 hours after the last intake of the enzymatic hydrolysate, the animals were intraperitoneally infected with a culture of Salmonella enteritidis 92. The study reveals the absence of cytotoxic properties and impaired cell viability in cultures L929, J774.1A, HeLa S3, K562, and HST116 against the background of exposure to various concentrations of enzymatic hydrolysate from 0.02 to 10 mg/ml. It should be noted that there is a pronounced cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 tumor cells of the concentration of enzymatic hydrolysate in culture of 5 and 10 mg/ml, which suggests the possibility of using enzymatic hydrolysate for the prevention of tumor diseases. As a result of the experiment, it has been proved that the administration of enzymatic hydrolysate to mice increased the LD50 index and the survival rate of mice infected with the culture of the causative agent of salmonellosis by 1.5 times. Based on the conducted studies, it has been shown that the enzymatic hydrolysate of the lymphoid tissue of broiler chickens does not violate the viability of mammalian cells and does not exhibit cytotoxic properties on the metabolism of healthy mammalian cells, which indicates its safety. In an experiment on mice, the effect of enzymatic hydrolysate of the fabricium bag of broiler chickens on the activation of nonspecific immunity against salmonella infection has been revealed.
Chemical composition of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berry grown in the Chelyabinsk region
Authors: Naumova N. L.
Published: October 2021

The most important phytonutrients of sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berry are carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, sugars, organic and amino acids, water and fat-soluble vitamins, tannins and pectin substances, phospholipids, macro- and microelements. In the Chelyabinsk region it is almost impossible to find well-groomed industrial plantings of sea buckthorn, since its main areas (600 hectares) are concentrated in amateur and home gardens. To form a healthy diet, it is important not only to ensure the safety of horticultural products, but also to raise the priority of signs that determine consumer demand, namely the quality and chemical composition of fruits, their saturation with the necessary micronutrients. While studying food and biologically active substances of sea buckthorn berries of the "Velikan" variety growing in different garden agrocenoses of the Chelyabinsk region it has been determined that sea buckthorn berries cultivated in the garden "Lokomotiv-1" (Chelyabinsk) contain more flavonoids (by 21.4 %), proteins (by 17.4 %), mineral elements - Al (in 5.3 times), V (3.4 times), Cu (3 times), Ti (2.4 times), Ca and Fe (1.9 times), Mn (1.5 times), in berries obtained in the garden "Dizelist-1" (Chelyabinsk region, Troitsk) contains more sugars (by 15.1 %), as well as Mo and Sr (2-2.3 times), Se (1.4 times), Cr (by 76.2 %), etc. In terms of Se content, the studied fruits exceed the clarke values by 4-6 times; in terms of Pb content, they turned out to be as close as possible to the upper limit of MPC according to the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union. The study of the mineral composition of sea buckthorn is especially important in the context of the ecological disadvantage of the Chelyabinsk region due to the pollution of the environment with heavy metals.
Designing of specialized fish food products with a reduced content of nitrogen extractives
Authors: Alekseev G. V. , Eliseeva S. A. , Smjlentceva A. A.
Published: October 2021

The authors consider the possibility of using low-value pelagic fish species in the diet of people with restrictions on the consumption of nitrogenous extractive substances including nucleic acids which are sources of purine base metabolism. The objects of the study were chopped mackerel fillets from boiled fish and chopped boiled fillets from raw fish, quick-frozen minced horse mackerel of industrial processing in a boiled form. The studies were carried out in accordance with the experimental plan in which the duration of the heat treatment and the temperature of the cooking medium were the variable factors. The technology of combined fish masses with the addition of functional plant components has been proposed. It has been established that the dynamics of dry matter losses and heat losses of fish fillets is determined by the duration of cooking. In terms of organoleptic characteristics boiled minced meat from raw mackerel fillets is significantly inferior to the organoleptic characteristics of minced meat from pre-boiled fillets. When comparing the data for frozen and freshly prepared mince from horse mackerel, it has been found that the loss of nucleic acids in industrially prepared minced meat is 4.6-13.1 % higher ( T = 82 ± 2 and 98 ± 2 °C), the loss of nucleic acids by absolutely dry matter is higher by 11.3-5.8 %, mass - by 8.4-14.6 %. The content of the total amount of nucleic acids in industrial minced meat is 11.1 % lower than in freshly prepared minced meat. Obviously, in the process of preparing products for specialized purposes, including for preventive nutrition, it is preferable to use minced meat from boiled fish fillets.
Implementation of Optical Character Recognition and Voice Recognition of House of Words (How) Dictionary Application on Android Platform
Authors: Raswaty Hutami Septiana , Nuryuliani Nuryuliani
Published: October 2021

People with different languages need to be assisted by translator to establish the communication between them. The technology development which exists to fulfill communication needs is digital dictionary as translator tool. The capability of digital dictionary to translate the languages yet has a weakness in putting the input. Through this research, Optical Character Recognition using Tesseract library and Voice Recognition technologies using Google Speech-To-Text are used to replace the previous input system. Based on the implementation and testing, the OCR and Voice Recognition have been successfully recognizing the text and voice input with the amount of similarity of 92,72% for OCR and 95,46% for Voice Recognition. The result of the implementation is expected to help a group of people with different language to communicate easily.
WiFi Signal Strength Degradation Over Different Building Materials
Authors: Aileen Aileen , Suwardi Alexander Dennis , Prawiranata Fernando
Published: October 2021

Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) signals experience propagation through air and material in a building. This propagation causes signal decreasing signal strength. This study aims to determine materials in buildings that cause significant signal strength loss so in the future building design could factor in signal strength by using material that doesn't affect signal strength significantly. The testing of signal strength will be done by observing signal strength through different materials. Signal strength will be recorded by using a mobile app. Materials that majorly decrease signal strength are plastics, with the least affecting materials are hollow plywood wall. The use of plastics in a building affects significantly on signal loss and should be replaced if possible with hollow plywood walls.
Purwarupa Sistem Kendali Kemudi Kendaraan Roda Empat menggunakan Giroskop pada Realitas Virtual Berbasis Mikrokontroler ESP-WROOM-32
Authors: Rivai Ahmad Ryan , Wardijono Bheta Agus
Published: October 2021

Dalam penelitian ini akan dibahas mengenai purwarupa sistem kendali kemudi kendaraan roda empat menggunakan giroskop pada realitas virtual, ini merupakan sistem yang memungkinkan untuk bisa mengemudikan dengan menggunakan gerak ayunan tangan melalui perantara sensor giroskop. Mikro-kontroler yang digunakan yaitu ESP-WROOM-32 karena sudah memiliki fungsionalitas lengkap seperti WiFi & Bluetooth. Giroskop yang terdapat pada sensor terpadu MPU-9250 digunakan sebagai pendeteksi gerak, kemudian datanya setelah diolah mikrokontroler dapat digunakan untuk memanipulasi objek yang berada dalam realitas virtual dan objek yang digunakan yaitu kendaraan roda empat sehingga memungkinkan alat ini mengemudikan kendaraan tersebut.
Domestic and Foreign Experience of Pedagogical Convergence Analysis
Authors: Zhironkina Ol'ga
Published: October 2021

The article introduces the phenomenon of pedagogical convergence. It appeared as a result of global changes that convergent technologies triggered in science, technology, economy, society, and culture. The research objective was to identify the basic principles and conditions for the formation and implementation of pedagogical convergence in domestic and foreign higher education. The authors analyzed domestic and foreign approach to convergence in pedagogical theory and practice, as well as developed an interdisciplinary methodology for studying this phenomenon. Pedagogical convergence outstrips the needs of society in training highly qualified specialists able to deal with technological convergence in all aspects of human activity. Therefore, higher education institutions need to teach their students to develop, borrow, and adapt convergent technologies. This study contributes to the development of pedagogical science in terms of theoretical comprehension of the phenomenon of pedagogical convergence. The new methodology can help to train university graduates who are familiar with the latest achievements of global science and are able to borrow new convergent technologies and adapt them for the needs of their professional activity.
OPTIMIZATION OF TAXATION OF SMALL BUSINESSES
Authors: BAKUNOVA Tatiana V. , KOLTSOVA Tatiana A. , TROFIMOVA Elena A.
Published: October 2021

One of the topical priorities of the Russian economy at the present time is to strengthen the position of small business. Its development contributes to the optimization of the competitive economic environment, strengthening the integration of the scientific and technical sphere and production. The current system of state support for small businesses is also aimed at this. It has been significantly strengthened in the face of restrictions on activities due to the spread of coronavirus infection. The Unified Register of Small and Medium Enterprises as of 10 August 2021 contains 5,620,997 units with a number of employees of 14,646,503. At the same time, in 2021, there is a decrease in the number of individual entrepreneurs and peasant farms. At the same time, negative dynamics is observed in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation. A possible reason for this may be the level of taxation of small businesses. The purpose of the study is to reveal the theoretical and practical aspects of possible ways to optimize taxation of small businesses through the prism of the permissible level of tax burden on them. The research is based on the step-by-step disclosure of the existing systems of taxation of small businesses; basic methods for calculating the indicator of the tax burden and ways to optimize taxation; tax burden of a particular organization and proposals for tax optimization. The study resulted in recommendations on the organization of permanent control over the level of the tax burden of an economic entity, the choice of the optimal taxation regime from all possible and competent use of the tax benefits provided.
Tajne święcenia słowackich i czeskich księży w Polsce (1958-1989)
Authors: Szumiło Mirosław
Published: October 2021

W obliczu represji ze strony władz komunistycznych doszło po 1956 r. do nawiązania tajnej współpracy między Kościołami katolickimi w Polsce i Czechosłowacji. Jednym z najmniej znanych i zbadanych aspektów pomocy udzielanej przez polski Kościół były tajne święcenia kapłańskie. Ogółem w latach 1958-1989 polscy biskupi tajnie wyświęcili co najmniej 53 księży z Czechosłowacji, w tym 48 Słowaków i 5 Czechów. Byli to w zdecydowanej większości przedstawiciele zgromadzeń zakonnych, przede wszystkim salezjanów, kapucynów, werbistów i jezuitów. Najbardziej intensywnym okresem wsparcia dla braci w wierze zza południowej granicy okazały się lata 1976-1981, gdy wyświęcono w Polsce aż 26 Słowaków i Czechów. Ustalona lista wyświęconych księży jest z pewnością niepełna, bowiem z tej konspiracyjnej działalności zachowało się niewiele dokumentów na piśmie. Całe zagadnienie współpracy Kościoła polskiego i czechosłowackiego w okresie komunizmu wymaga dalszych, pogłębionych badań.
Essential Oils and Alcohol Extracts of Northwest Tunisia M. communis
and M. spicata: Phytocompounds, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Medjeldi Saida , Benrachou Nora , Bouchelaghem Sabrina , Jallouli Sélim , Farès Nadia , Elkahoui Salem
Published: October 2021

Background:

Nowadays, the conventional chemical compounds used in
the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors have proven to be less efficient from an economic
and health point of view. Research has therefore focused on the isolation of bioactive molecules
from plants or microorganisms.

Objective:

The study focused on the leaf’s volatile compounds determination from Myrtus communis
(McEOs) and Mentha spicata (MsEOs) as well as the evaluation of phytochemical fractions
and biological activities from their methanol extracts (McME and MsME).

Methods:

Phenolic compounds analysis revealed interesting concentrations of total phenols,
flavonoids, and condensed tannins. The antibacterial activity tested on seven pathogenic bacteria
has to be effectuated by the gel diffusion method. The extracts showed much better DPPH radical
scavenging activity than the volatile compounds. The McEOs and MsEOs profiles analyzed by
CG-MS showed a mixture of several compounds with a predominance of 1,8-Cineole (48.1%) and
α-pinene (39.02%) in the case of McEOs. In the case of MsEOs, the predominant compounds were
D-Carvone (78.79%), dihydrocarvone (6.16%), and 1.8 Cineole (2.33%).

Results:

It emerges from this study that the M. communis and M. spicata leaves, rich in phenolic
and terpenic compounds, constitute a promising source of diversified biological activities and
can be used in agro-food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical sectors.
Comparative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) profiles during dadih fermentation with spontaneous and back-slopping methods, as identified by terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP)
Authors: Wirawati Chandra Utami , Sudarwanto Mirnawati Bachrum , Lukman Denny Widaya , Wientarsih Ietje , Srihanto Eko Agus
Published: October 2021

The diversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present during the manufacture of traditional fermented buffalo milk from West Sumatra, known as dadih, was studied via a culture-independent approach using terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) to compare the dynamic diversity in back-slopping and spontaneous fermentation methods. Total LAB and pH were measured in freshly prepared buffalo milk and in \textit{dadih} fermented for 24 and 48 hours. The results indicated significant differences between the fermentation methods, with higher total LAB, and greater phylotype richness and relative abundance being identified in the back-slopping method. Terminal fragment lengths (TRFs) of 68 and 310 bp were common to both techniques, similar to those of Lactobacillus fermentum, Fructobacillus pseudoficulneus, Leuconostoc citreum, Leuconostoc kimchii, and Leuconostoc sp. The changes in phylotype number (species number) and relative abundances of LAB communities identified are expected to produce data needed to formulate the best fermentation process for dadih manufacturing. A 24-hour back-slopping fermentation method is recommended, as fermentation time of longer than 24 hours reduced viable LAB significantly. Our results also indicated that the T-RFLP technique is not only clearly sensitive enough and adequate for segregating LAB diversity in both fermentation methods, but that it also provides good information regarding the structure of microbial communities and their composition change during the fermentation process.
Biodesulfurization of the mixture of dibenzothiophene and its alkylated derivatives by Sphingomonas subarctica T7b
Authors: Gunam Ida Bagus Wayan , Sone Teruo , Asano Kozo
Published: October 2021

Organosulfur compounds classified as dibenzothiophenes (DBTs) and their derivatives are contained in petroleum. When used as fuel, these substances release SOx emissions, thus contributing to air pollution, acid rain, and climate change. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the content of these organic sulfur compounds in fuels and one way to achieve this is through bacterial desulfurization. This study reports the biodesulfurization process of a mixture of DBT, 4-hexyl DBT, 4,6-dibutyl DBT, and various organosulfur compounds in light gas oil (LGO). The experiment was conducted by treating 1 mL of aromatic organosulfur compounds with 100 mg/L in \textit{n}-tetradecane or 1 mL LGO with 5 mL mineral salts in sulfur-free medium, incubated at 27 °C for 5 days with shaking at 273 rpm. Gas chromatography analyses revealed that the growing Sphingomonas subarctica T7b cells desulfurized and converted 88.29% of DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl as a metabolite while a mixture of DBT and 4,6-dibutyl DBT was desulfurized at 86.40\% and 7.00%, respectively. Furthermore, the mixture of DBT, 4-hexyl DBT, and 4,6-dibutyl DBT had a desulfurization percentage of 84.40%, 41.00%, and 6.66%, respectively, after five days of incubation. The compounds were observed to desulfurize slightly better as single compounds compared to when mixed with other aromatic sulfur compounds.
Unfolded protein response in rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties with different level of salt stress tolerance
Authors: Ramadhan Galang Rizki , Avivi Sholeh , Sugiharto Bambang , Fanata Wahyu Indra Duwi
Published: October 2021

Plants activate the unfolded protein response as part of cellular adaptation, thereby maintaining the endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis during external stresses exposure. In this study, we examined the relationship between the degree of salt tolerance and unfolded protein response-related gene expression in India salt-tolerant Pokkali and INPARI 35 varieties compared to the Indica salt-sensitive counterpart IR64 and INPARI 4 varieties.  Our result showed that the salt tolerance of Pokkali and INPARI 35 had been confirmed by their higher survival rate, higher chlorophyll content, lower electrolyte leakage, and lower H2O2 and malondialdehyde content under salt stress conditions. Furthermore, the expression of unfolded protein response genes was highest in INPARI 35, whereas IR64 and INPARI 4 exhibited low gene induction during endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions. Among the four examined varieties the salt tolerant Pokkali surprisingly showed the lowest induction of all examined unfolded protein response-related genes. These results indicated the possibility that unfolded protein response supports the rice plant for adapting to the saline environment.
Tipologi batas wilayah administrasi untuk memudahkan pengelolaan batas daerah di Indonesia
Authors: Hidayat Fahrul , Munawaroh Munawaroh , Rachma Tia Rizka Nuzula
Published: October 2021

Abstrak Terhitung sejak 1945 – 2017, baru sekitar 48% dari 977 segmen batas daerah di Indonesia yang disahkan melalui Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri tentang batas daerah. Pengelolaan batas wilayah daerah sangat penting untuk berbagai urusan pembangunan misalnya        pengelolaan sumber daya alam. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengusulkan pendekatan baru untuk mendukung pengelolaan batas wilayah yang efisien yaitu melalui segmentasi berbasis tipologi batas wilayah. Tahapan analisis meliputi: membandingkan, memotong, dan mengelompokkan garis batas. Single Buffer Overlay Method digunakan untuk membandingkan unsur geografis pada Peta Rupabumi          Indonesia (data referensi) dan garis batas 2017 (data yang diuji). Selanjutnya, dilakukan pemotongan garis sesuai hasil perbandingan. Pada akhirnya, garis tersebut dikelaskan berdasarkan tipologinya (igir, jalan, dan sungai) menggunakan metode SQL (Structured Query Language). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas (41,8%) batas daerah di Indonesia tidak menggunakan unsur geografis tertentu sebagai penanda batasnya, sedangkan persentase penanda batas berupa sungai 35,9%, igir 16,4%, dan jalan 5,8%.   Abstract Since 1945 – 2017, only 48% of 977 regional borderlines of Indonesia were legalized by The Ministry of Home Affairs. Properly  managed intra-national boundaries are fundamental for development purposes e.g. natural resource management. Therefore, this research proposed a new approach to help managing the boundary efficiently through typology-based borderlines segmentation which was conducted by some stages: compare, split, and classify lines. Single Buffer Overlay Method used for comparison purpose by utilizing some geographical features on a topographic map as a referenced dataset and boundary line (2017 database) as a tested dataset. Then we split the lines based on the comparison result. Finally, each split line was classified into border typologies (road, ridge, and stream) by using the SQL (Structured Query Language) method. We found that most of The Indonesian administrative boundary segments (41.8%) did not use a geographical    feature, while the boundary on the rivers 35.9%, ridges 16.4%, and roads 5.8%.
Католические миссионеры на южных российских окраинах в первой половине XVIII в. (по документам Архива внешней политики Российской империи)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Ryazhev Andrey S.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The article concentrates on the religious policy of the Russian Empire in the Early Modern Time. For the first time in historiography, a study was carried out concerning the place of Catholic missionaries who settled on the southern outskirts of Russia, in the religious policy of Russian secular and spiritual authorities. Materials and methods. The base of the study was the correspondence of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs with the Holy Synod, as well as other institutions and officials, characterizing the scale of the presence and direction of activity of Catholic orders on the territory of Russia. The methodology of the study has been determined by the structural and functional approach to the system of state bodies of Russia. In combination with this approach, a historical-genetic method was used, which is optimal for understanding the evolution of the structure of power in the Russian Empire from the time of Peter the Greatto the middle of the reign of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna. The results of the research are presented in the section “Catholic missionaries in the south of Russia by the middle of the 18th century: political and diplomatic aspects”. In it, the Capuchin Order is designated as the most active force of Catholic missionary work in the Russian south, which managed to prevail over others Catholic orders in dispute for influencing on the ethno-confessional groups of the studied region. It has been determined that the Capuchins in Russia gained constant diplomatic support from the Austrian monarchy. The activity of missionaries in Astrakhan and Nizhyn was traced, the place of the Armenian communities in the missionary plans of the Capuchins on the territory of Russia is shown. The influence on the position of the Capuchins of Russian-Austrian relations is emphasized, in particular of the “Austrian system” — the orientation of Russian diplomacy towards the Austrian court. The idea is carried out that the attitude of the Russian authorities in the capital and in the localities towards the Capuchins in such conditions was indifferent or patronizing, while in fact the Russian secular authorities did not take into account the violation of the prerogatives of the ruling Orthodox (Greek-Russian) church. In order of discussion (part “Missionaries in the Russian Borderlands: source study andhistoriographical observations” of the abovementioned section of the article), the main interpretations of Catholic missionaryism, found in the literature on Catholicism in Russia, have been identified. Conclusion. The author states that the reasons for the interest of Catholic missionaries to the southern Russian outskirts and their population were objective. The reaction of the Russian secular authorities to such an interest was little, and their awareness of the legal necessity of appropriate regulatory measures developed slowly.
Бесхозяйственность и хищения колхозно-кооперативной собственности в колхозах Башкирии в конце 1960-х – первой половине 1980-х гг. как системное явление
Authors:   Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS (71, Oktyabrya Ave., 450054 Ufa, Russian Federation), Akhmadieva Narkas V.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The late 1960s and the first half of the 1980s saw a significant growth of the tendency for mismanagement and misappropriation of socialist property in the kolkhozes (collective farms) of Bashkiria. Such forms of antisocial and criminal behavior of the citizens appears to be a relevant subject. The aim of the present article is to analyze the issues of mismanagement and theft of socialist property in the kolkhozes of Bashkiria in the late 1960s — the first half of the 1980s. In this aspect, several lines of research have been identified: i) to analyze the forms of illegal use of funds and of material values of the farms, examining the phenomena in their dynamics; ii) to examine the work of the control and auditing bodies in the farms; and iii) to analyze a complex of measures taken by the party, state, and other supervisory bodies to counter the growth of economic crimes in kolkhozes. Sources. The archival documents from the National Archive of the Republic of Bashkortostan help to draw a detailed picture of the dynamics in the growth of mismanagement and stealing of collective farm property in Bashkiria, as well as of measures taken to counter these negative phenomena. Methods. The thematic chronological research method proved to be relevant for the analysis and identification of the issues related to the preservation of social property in the farms of Bashkiria, as well as of measures taken by the authorities to stop the facts of misappropriation and mismanagement. The principles of objectivity and historicism applied to a concrete historical situation made it possible to draw a non-partisan picture of the period in question. Results. The research has shown that during the period under study criminal mismanagement in the region took place in many collective farms, accompanied by numerous thefts of socialist property and this happened despite measures taken by the authorities. These crimes were often committed by representatives of the economic nomenclature, who had unlimited access to resources. Conclusion. Between the late 1960s and mid-1980s, the thefts of socialist property and mismanagement events in the collective farms of Bashkiria acquired an intractable systemic character, fostering antisocial sentiments in the rural section and society at large.
Архивное строительство Калмыцкой АССР. 1962–1980 гг.
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Mandzhikova Larisa B.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. In the article, the author examines the history of archives in Kalmykia within the 1962-1980 chronological framework. In 1962, the Archive Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the KASSR and the State Archives of the Republic were transferred to the jurisdiction of the Council of Ministers of the KASSR; and in 1980, the Archive Department under the Council of Ministers of the Kalmyk ASSR was reorganized into the Archive Department of the Council of Ministers of the Kalmyk ASSR. The article aims at examining the history of archives and archiving in this period, focusing on the impact of changes in the administrative-territorial division of the Republic on the formation of a network of archival institutions in Kalmykia. This has involved the study of issues of archival acquisition in the state archives, methods of preservation of archival records at the stage of departmental storage and in the state archives, and the use of archival documents for the purposes of national economic and scientific research. Data and research methods. The sources for the research were archival records of the National Archives of the Republic of Kalmykia, many of which are introduced for the first time. Results. The study indicates that the period under consideration saw radical changes in the archival organization in Kalmykia. The archival institutions of the Republic organized their work in accordance with the adopted normative legal acts, the instructions of the higher organizations, and the state of local archiving. In general, during this period, the archivists of the Republic succeeded in reaching the standards required in their professional field in the country at large, and, also, in creating the foundation for further improvement in the field.
Результаты работ на грунтовом могильнике Максимовка I в лесостепном Поволжье в 2018 г.
Authors:   Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education (65/67 Gorky St., 443099 Samara, Russian Federation), Korolev Arkady I. , Myshkin Vladimir N. , Shalapinin Anton A.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. This is a report on the results of archaeological excavations at Maksimovka I, the subterranean burial ground located in the forest-steppe Volga region. The site is unique because it contains burial complexes of different epochs. The purpose of the paper is to introduce the materials found during the 2018 excavations for the attention of the academic community. In particular, the paper focuses on the description and characterization of the archaeological complexes under investigation, and, also, on their cultural-chronological attribution. Data. The cultural layer was not particularly rich but contained fragments of Neolithic, Eneolithic, and Bronze Age ceramics, stone tools, and waste left after stone processing. Three burials were examined in the excavation area. The first burial comprised the skeleton of a deceased person in a supine position; the head oriented to the north-northeast; the grave goods included iron items (a fragment of a boiler and of a bit, rod-shaped items, and a firesteel), grindstones, and flints. The second buried person was found in the seated position, leg bones bent at the knee joint, head oriented to northeast; the finds included a nonferrous metal ring, a bone pendant, a silicon wafer, and tubular beads. The third buried person was also in a seated position, head oriented to the northeast; no grave goods were found in the third burial. Also, two other burial constructions recovered on the site were partially examined. Results. The first burial was attributed to the Golden Horde period in the Middle Ages (the second half of the 13th or the 14th c.). The second burial has a number of parallels to burial complexes of mid-late Eneolithic era of the forest-steppe Volga region. The third burial was left unidentified in terms of its cultural-chronological attribution, granted the non-standard position of the skeletal remains in the grave and the absence of goods. Conclusions. The examination of the subterranean burial ground Maksimovka I has allowed to introduce the archaeological material of different periods, such as Neolithic, Eneolithic, Bronze, and Middle Ages.
Гадание по хулилам среди монголов
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics (21/4, p. 3, Staraya Basmannaya St., 105066 Moscow, Russian Federation), Tsendina Anna D. ,   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation)
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Various collections of Mongolian xylographs and manuscripts may contain works on divination practice with eight khulils. What does the word khulil mean? Why does one use eight khulils? What are the texts devoted to the khulil divination? This article deals with the practice of khulil divination in Mongolia, while introducing a Mongolian text devoted to this form of divination. Results. The divination practice goes back to the oldest Chinese source on divination Yijing (I Ching, Book of Changes, about the seventh century BC). Divination is carried out with the help of the trigram, or the three dashes, which are the result of casting coins or of some other method. A combination of trigrams means a particular future. These three lines are called khulil in Mongolian (gua in Chinese). Divination by 8 gua, or 8 khulils, and 64 (8 × 8) or 512 (8 × 8 × 8) combinations is the most common form of divination in China. Later, each trigram was represented by a year of the 12-year animal cycle so that the ninth year was the beginning of the next cycle. Thus, each of the 8 years symbolizes a certain trigram, or khulil, according to the ordinal number of the latter. Granted the number of Mongolian manuscripts on khulil divination in various collections, this divination form was widely practiced by Mongolians. By way of introducing the literature on the subject, the present article presents the Russian translation of the initial fragment of manuscript MN 1145 originating from Ts. Damdinsuren museum in Ulaanbaatar. This is a Mongolian translation from Chinese made relatively late that has few traces of Mongolization or efforts of adaptation to nomadic realia. Besides concerns for the illnesses of relatives or issues of choosing a son-in-law or a bride, which are of a universal character, the most popular topics are questions about farming, such as: should one expect rain? what will be the harvest of grain and raw silk? Also, there are many questions related to promotion and career, e.g., passing exams for the degree of an official. The text contains numerous Sinicisms, including idioms, expressions, and names of Chinese astrological signs; there is also a reference to buying a jins, which points to the Manchu period. Notably, neither Tibetan items nor Buddhist deities are mentioned in the text.
«Сталин и Мао слушают вас»: образы лидеров СССР и КНР на страницах журнала «Огонек» (1949–1953 гг.)
Authors:   South Ural State University (76, Lenin Ave., 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation), Avdashkin Andrey A. , Sibiryakov Igor V. , Raeva Tatyana V.
Published: October 2021

The aim of the article is to examine the process of constructing the images of Stalin and Mao Zedong in the material of Soviet central newspapers on the themes of the Peoples’ Republic of China (PRC) and Soviet-Chinese friendship. Our focus on the techniques of such constructions allow for dealing with a number of research issues, such as which conceptions of the political leaders were rendered to the Soviet audiences and in which way was this implemented; was there a potential for dynamics in treating the subjects and if this was the case what were the factors that played a role in such dynamics. Data and methods. For our database of primary sources we have chosen the ”Ogonyok” issues published in the period between October 1949 and March 1953. The authors of the present article were interested in references in the magazine texts but also in the images of Stalin and Mao. Hence, the research lens of historical imagology allowed us to examine the images under study as complex synthetical constructions, the constructions that were impacted by inner and outer factors in play in the Soviet society itself, including its political culture, the specific features of representations in the sphere of internationl relations, etc. The illustrative material was used for the sake of further verification and detailization. Results. The ”Ogonyok” material on the theme of Soviet-Chinese friendship included a considerable amount of texts and their visual supplements, with Stalin and Mao as their central personages. The thematical distribution of the database has shown that its main themes are Soviet-Chinese friendship described in hierarchical terms as the ”teacher-pupil” relationship, the achievements of socialist transformation in China, etc. Conclusions. The personification of the images of the leaders of the USSR and the PRC was designed to promote the positive attitudes towards the main Soviet ally, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, to contribute to the legitimization of the USSR’s leading position not only in the Soviet-Chinese interaction, but in the whole of the Socialist world as well. Mao’s leading role in the transformations of the Chinese society confirmed to the Soviet audiences the correctness of the development model in the Soviet Union itself. Numerous presentations of the good will with which the Chinese side was ready to follow the ”Stalin recipe” in building socialism served as a marker that the ”great friendship” was under Moscow’s control.
Anotheca spinosa (Hylidae) ampliación de distribución geográfica
Authors: Sosa Bartuano Angel Joel
Published: October 2021

Panamá: Colón: District of Colón: Corregimiento of Salamanca, Chagres National Park, cerro Bruja (9.471734°N, 79.567519°W; WGS84; 946 m elevation), 17 April 2007. This specimens represents the first locality for national park, province, and the easternmost for the species. The present record is located ca. 113 km NE (airline) from the closest known localities in El Valle de Antón and Reserva Hídrica Cerro Turega, Coclé (Duellman, 1970; Sosa-Bartuano, 2017). The frog was found at 1857 h, on the shrub in the understory. The specimen (LACM PC 2355-2359) was photographed by Melvin Aguirre. Five photographs were deposited in the Museum of Natural History Los Angeles County.
NOTES OF THE DIET OF Scincella kikaapoa (SQUAMATA: SCINCIDAE) IN THE CUATRO CIÉNEGAS VALLEY, COAHUILA, MÉXICO.
Authors: Garcia Vazquez Uri Omar , Bazán-Cárdenas Saraid Oyuki , Reyes-Mercado Salomé Rayadan , Gómez-Vieyra Karen , Trujano-Ortega Marysol
Published: October 2021

Scincella kikaapoa it is a micro endemic species of the Cuatro Ciénegas Valley, in this work is reported for the first time the diet based on the stomach contents which was mainly constituted by arthropods; coleoptera, hymenoptera, arachnids and orthopteron were the most frequent groups.
APORTACIONES AL CONOCIMIENTO DE LA DIETA DE Cerrophidion petlalcalensis (Marco Antonio López Luna, Richard C. Vogt, Miguel Ángel De la Torre Loranca, 1999) (Viperidae).
Authors: Contreras Calvario Angel Ivan , Avalos Vela Rene , Castillo Juárez Jorge Luis
Published: October 2021

Se aportan datos adicionales al conocimiento de la dieta de Cerrophidion petlalcalensis, en donde se incluyen reptiles a la misma
A NEW GENERIC NAME FOR JUMPING PITVIPERS (SERPENTES: VIPERIDAE)
Authors: Campbell Jonathan
Published: October 2021

Recent studies on the phylogeny of pitvipers have revealed that the clade containing the Jumping Pitvipers lacks a generic name.  We herein propose a name and discuss problems associated with the nomenclatural history of these snakes.
NOTES ON THE DIET OF Crotalus intermedius TROSCHEL, 1865
Authors: Schramer Tristan David , Kalki Yatin , West Taylor Renae , Wylie Daniel B.
Published: October 2021

The Mexican small-headed rattlesnake (Crotalus intermedius) is composed of three recognized subspecies that occur disjunctly in the central and southern highlands of Mexico. Only four species-specific prey items are reported in the literature for C. intermedius at present. To gain further insights, we dissected museum specimens housed in the University of Illinois Museum of Natural History Herpetology Collection for stomach contents and report the prey items discovered. Of the 23 specimens examined, seven contained prey, all of which were lizards of the genus Sceloporus. As a result, we report two novel prey to the known dietary breadth of C. intermedius. Furthermore, our findings, in conjunction with published literature, suggest that Sceloporus spp. are the predominant food source of C. intermedius. Due to this apparent diet specialization, the status of C. intermedius likely depends heavily on the persistence of prey populations, and for this reason, improving natural history knowledge will be vital for informing conservation efforts.
COMPORTAMIENTO ARBÓREO DEL SAPO DE CAÑA MESOAMERICANO (RHINELLA HORRIBILIS) EN COQUIMATLÁN, COLIMA, MÉXICO
Authors: Berra Damian
Published: October 2021

Se reporta en México la observación del anuro Rhinella horribilis (sapo verrugoso, sapo gigante de Veracruz o sapo de caña mesoamericano) situado en la rama de un árbol de 194 cm de altura. El cual se encontraba probablemente forrajeando, ya que se observaron algunas hormigas caminando en la rama, este reporte provee nueva información sobre la historia natural sobre el sapo verrugoso.
AFECTACIÓN INCIDENTAL POR RED DE PESCA EN Masticophis fuliginosus EN UNA ZONA DE MARISMA DE BAJA CALIFORNIA
Authors: Moreno-Higareda Hiram Rafael , Manrriquez-Gomez Fernanda Jaqueline , Valdez-Villavicencio Jorge Heriberto , Ruiz-Campos Gorgonio
Published: October 2021

Se reporta la afectación incidental de un espécimen de Masticophis fuliginosus por restos de material de pesca, en una zona de marismas del sitio Ramsar Estero de Punta Banda, Ensenada, Baja California, México. Este evento se asocia a la disposición inadecuada de residuos derivados de la labor pesquera dentro de las áreas costeras. Este registro inusual representa el primero sobre afectación o posible mortalidad de esta especie por esta causa.
REDISCOVERY AND EXTENSION OF THE RANGE OF DISTRIBUTION OF THE CUILISA, beautiful Bolitoglossa PAPENFUSS, WAKE AND ADLER 1984 (CAUDATA: PLETHODONTIDAE) IN THE STATE OF GUERRERO, MEXICO
Authors: Ahumada-Carrillo Iván Trinidad
Published: October 2021

Documentamos el redescubrimiento de Bolitoglossa hermosa y ampliamos su rango de distribución, basados en dos especímenes encontrados en el estado de Guerrero, México. distribución, endémica, nuevo registro, Oaxakia
DETECCIÓN DE Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA) EN LOCALIDADES DEL VALLE DEL CAUCA POR TÉCNICA DE PCR
Authors: Viáfara Vega Ronald Andrés
Published: October 2021

Actualmente, una de las causas de la declinación de anfibios en el mundo son las enfermedades infecciosas, y entre ellas, la quitridiomicosis producida por el hongo Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis es una de las más importantes. Desde su descubrimiento, el hongo ha sido registrado en múltiples lugares en todo el mundo, convirtiéndolo en un foco de estudio si se desea conservar las especies de anfibios. Con el fin de examinar la presencia del hongo en siete localidades del Valle del Cauca mediante la técnica de PCR, en este trabajo, se muestrearon siete localidades del Valle del Cauca, en las que se obtuvo muestras de epitelio de anfibios por medio de raspado con hisopos; estas muestras fueron llevadas al laboratorio, donde, por medio de la técnica PCR se detectó la presencia o ausencia de zoosporas de Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. De las 241 muestras analizadas (40 especies), cuatro resultaron positivas para la enfermedad, todas ubicadas en la localidad de Chicoral, municipio La Cumbre, y pertenecientes a la familia Craugastoridae: Pristimantis palmeri, P. erythropleura, P. orpacobates y P. calcaratus. Se agrega al departamento una nueva localidad infectada con quitriomicosis y dos nuevas especies reportadas con la infección, por lo que es necesaria la realización de muestreos en otros lugares en la búsqueda de nuevos sitios infectados.
DEPREDACIÓN DEL SAPO, EN PELIGRO CRÍTICO, INCILIUS CRISTATUS (ANURA: BUFONIDAE) POR THAMNOPHIS SUMICHRASTI (SQUAMATA: NATRICIDAE) EN VERACRUZ, MÉXICO
Authors: Vásquez-Cruz Víctor
Published: October 2021

Incilius cristatus es un sapo que se distingue de otras especies por presentar crestas craneales prominentes. Se encuentra catalogada como especie en peligro crítico de extinción por la IUCN y especie bajo protección especial por la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. Además, es una especie endémica de México. En esta nota, proveemos registros de la especie en la comunidad de Tepexilotla, municipio de Chocamán. Adicionalmente, reportamos la depredación de I. cristatus por parte de la jarretera huasteca Thamnophis sumichrasti.
UNA LISTA COMENTADA DE LAS ESPECIES DE ANFIBIOS Y REPTILES CON LOCALIDAD TIPO EN GUERRERO, MÉXICO
Authors: Palacios Aguilar Ricardo
Published: October 2021

Se presenta una lista comentada de las especies de anfibios y reptiles con localidad tipo en el estado de Guerrero, México. Un total de 116 especies han sido descritas en el estado: 43 anfibios (31 anuros, 12 caudados) y 73 reptiles (38 lagartijas y 35 serpientes) y adicionalmente, la restricción de las localidades tipo de dos especies de tortugas al estado es considerada correcta.  De estas, 91 continúan siendo considerados taxones válidos y 58 son endémicos al estado. La década de 1940 ha sido el periodo en que más taxones se han descrito en la región, sin embargo, en décadas recientes ha habido un renovado interés por parte de diversos investigadores que se ha traducido en el descubrimiento de nuevas especies.
SKIN TEXTURE CHANGE IN Diasporus hylaeformis (ANURA: ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE)
Authors: Abarca Alvarado Juan Gabriel
Published: October 2021

The Montane Dink Frog, Diasporus hylaeformis, was observed showing a change in skin texture during a photo shoot, it is suggested that this recently reported behavior in amphibians can serve as a strategy anti predators or stressors.
REGISTROS DE CONSUMO DE REPTILES (SQUAMATA: LACERTILIA Y SERPENTES) POR AVES DE PRESA DIURNAS (AVES: ACCIPITRIFORMES Y CATHARTIFORMES) EN LA PENÍNSULA DE YUCATÁN, MÉXICO
Authors: Nahuat Cervera Pedro Enrique
Published: October 2021

La herpetofauna es un grupo importante en las cadenas alimenticias, desarrollando tanto el papel de depredadores como de presas. Entre sus depredadores, las aves de presa o rapaces están reconocidas como un grupo que aprovecha a los anfibios y reptiles como fuente de alimento, encontrándose algunas especies de rapaces con alta preferencia a este grupo. En este estudio se reportan ocho casos de depredación de reptiles por aves rapaces en diferentes localidades geográficas en la Península de Yucatán.
NOTES OF DIET IN HIGHLAND SNAKES Rhadinaea calligaster AND Rhadinella godmani (SQUAMATA: DIPSADIDAE) FROM COSTA RICA.
Authors: Abarca Alvarado Juan Gabriel
Published: October 2021

Se reportan observaciones de la dieta de dos especie de serpientes elegantes: Rhadinaea calligaster fue observada depredando una salamandra del género Bolitoglossa; también se reportan observaciones sobre el forrajeo y alimentación de Rhadinella godmani, la cual se observó alimentándose de  ranas del género Craugastor e Isthmohyla. Estos ítems alimenticios pueden ser un recurso importante en la dieta de estas poco conocidas serpientes ante la disminución de anfibios en zonas altas de Costa Rica
A NEW RECORD OF DISTRIBUTION AND PREY FOR Oxyrhopus fitzingeri (REPTILIA: DIPSADIDAE) IN AREQUIPA, SOUTHERN PERU.
Authors: Mamani-Cabana Nicolas Willian
Published: October 2021

Resumen. – Oxyrhopus fitzingeri es una especie de dipsadido nocturno, con una distribución que se extiende desde el suroeste de Ecuador hasta Arequipa, sur de Perú. Este estudio presenta el segundo reporte que expande el rango de distribución conocido para el departamento de Arequipa, incrementando aproximadamente 155 kilómetros hacia el sureste respecto al último reporte en la localidad de Atiquipa. Adicionalmente, se registra Microlophus sp.  como parte de su dieta.