bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychometric Evaluation of the Persian Version of the Tinnitus Cognitions Questionnaire
Authors: Sadeghijam Maryam , Rahimi Pour Sahand , Hasanpour Zeinab , Hamraz Iman
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is the only evidence-based and method for tinnitus management. To assess a patient’s progress during and after CBT, an assessment tool such as a questionnaire is needed. Since there is no validated tool available in Iran for this purpose, this study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Tinnitus Cognition Questionnaire (P-TCQ).
Methods: The TCQ was first translated to Persian based on the international quality of  life assessment protocol. participants were 102 tinnitus patients and 7 audiologists. After translation and data collection, psychometric properties (content validity, face validity, construct validity, criterion validity, reliability) of the P-TCQ were evaluated.
Results: The Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) values were higher than the minimum acceptable values (0.74 and 0.79, respectively). Item-level Face Validity Index (I-FVI) and average of Scale-level Face Validity Indexes  (S-FVI) were in a range of 0.8-0.96  and 0.88–0.90, respectively, all of which were higher than   the acceptable value of 0.7. Furthermore, fit indices had higher than the acceptable values and showed the good fit of the confirmatory factor abalysis model. There was a positive correlations between the TCQ total scores and the tinnitus handicap inventory (r=0.60) and hospital anxiety and depression scale (r=0.61), indicating acceptaiuoble criterion validity. Furthermore, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient showed that the TCQ has acceptable reliability.
Conclusion: The P-TCQ is a valid and reliable questionnaire to evaluate the cognitive aspects of tinnitus in the Iranian samples.Keywords: Tinnitus; cognition; tinnitus cognitions questionnaire; cognitive behavioral therapy; tinnitus handicap inventory
Otolith Function in Young Skilled Football Players
Authors: Barman Animesh , Thomas Prajeesh , Apoorva Shivaprakash
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim: Regular physical activities, including sports, are associated with improved balance function. The objectives of our study were to conduct cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (cVEMPs) and ocular VEMPs (oVEMPs) in young adult football players and to compare the test results with those who are not involved in regular physical activities as the control group.
Methods: We recruited 11 young football players (9 right-leg and two left-leg dominant) who have been playing football regularly since childhood and have participated in inter-school or college/university-level football tournaments. The age-matched control group consisted of 11 healthy participants not involved in any physical activities regularly or as a hobby. Participants in both groups underwent cVEMP and oVEMP tests in both ears.
Results: The peak-to-peak amplitude of both cVEMP and oVEMP were higher in football players than in the control group. The amplitude for left ear stimulation was higher than the right ear for both cVEMP and oVEMP in football players and it reached statistical significance for oVEMP in left ear stimulation (p<0.05). The n10 latency of oVEMP in both right and left ear stimulations and the p13 latency of cVEMP in left ear stimulation was significantly shorter in football players compared to the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Regular football players have stronger vestibule-collic and translational Vestibulo-Ocular Reflexes (t-VOR). The reflex strength, measured as the higher peak-to-peak amplitude of VEMPs, might also be influenced by factors like leg/eye dominance.Keywords: Vestibular function; football; adults; vestibular evoked myogenic potentials; balance function
Effects of Rh-Negative Blood Group on Pure Tone Thresholds and Immittance Test Results
Authors: Karupaiah Kamalakannan , Ramachandran Sundaresan , Saji Delna , Xavier Jerlin , Chiyezhan Ann Rose , Washnik Nilesh Jeevandas , Prabhu Prashanth
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim: Human blood group system variations may impact the individual’s health and hearing status. It was found that individuals with O-positive blood are more prone to noise-induced hearing loss, and they exhibit reduced amplitude in otoacoustic emissions, elevated Acoustic Reflex Threshold (ART), and a slightly higher resonance frequency of the middle ear. Hence, a study was needed to observe if the same trend is followed for those with Rh-ve blood groups.
Methods: A cross-sectional group post-test-only design with a non-random convenient sample was applied. This study was conducted with forty adult female participants with    a pure tone threshold range of less than or equal to 15 dBHL and ages ranging from 18    to 25 years. In each blood group (A–, B–, O–, AB–), 10 participants were recruited. All participants underwent immittance evaluation, pure tone audiometry, and extended high- frequency audiometry.
Results: On analyzing the data, participants with the O negative blood group showed significantly elevated ART in both ipsilateral and contralateral ears. Also, there was no significant difference for pure tone thresholds for the frequencies 250 Hz to 16 kHz and tympanometry findings.
Conclusion: This study indicates that the elevated ARTs in O negative blood group people could be attributed to relatively increased stiffness in the middle ear and fewer outer hair cells compared with other blood groups.
Keywords: Negative blood group; acoustic reflex thresholds; outer hair cells; noise-induced hearing loss
Enhancing Executive Functioning: The Impact of Cognitive Rehabilitation on Cochlear-Implanted Children
Authors: Gharashi Karim , Abdi Reza
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim: Executive Functions (EFs) are essential for learning and self-regulation in children. This study explored the transformative potential of Cognitive Rehabilitation (CR) in enhancing EFs among children with Cochlear Implants (CI). The focus was on assessing key areas of cognitive flexibility, rule acquisition, attention, spatial planning, working memory, and strategy use.
Methods: Utilizing a semi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test evaluations, our study focused on children aged 8 to 11 years. A total of 24 children (13 girls and 11 boys) were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group. The experimental group underwent 12 sessions of targeted computerized CR, while the control group received no intervention. Post-intervention, we compared the outcomes of both groups.
Results: The results revealed a significant improvement in the EFs of the experimental group compared to the control group (p=0.01). These findings underscore the effectiveness of CR in enhancing executive functioning in children with CI.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that cognitive rehabilitation could improve and enhance cognitive flexibility, rule acquisition, attentional set shifting, spatial planning, motor control, working memory capacity, and strategy use.Keywords: Cognitive rehabilitation; executive functions; deaf children; cochlear implant
Prevalence of Obesity among Elementary School Students in Yazd in 2016
Authors: Modarresi Mozhgan , Aghakoochak Arezoo , Vakili Mahmood , Mahmoodi Seyed Ali , Ghadiri-Anari Akram
Published: December 2024

Background: Pediatric obesity is one of the most serious public health problems due to high prevalence andnegative outcomes. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Pediatric overweight and obesityand some associated factors among students of elementary school in Yazd- Iran- 2016.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 1253 healthy elementary school students wereselected by multistage sampling. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The diagnosis of childhoodoverweight and obesity was based on WHO criteria. The parents of the students had the consent to participatein the study. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS version 16 software. Data were reported as mean ±standard deviation or frequency and analyzed by using chi-square test. P-value less than 0.05 were consideredstatistically significant.
Results: In this study 531 (42.4%) were male and 722 (57.6%) were female. In this study 11.5 % of the boysand 10.2 % of the girls were obese. Also, 10.2 % of the boys and 14.8% of the girls were overweightrespectively. Relationship between gender and BMI was statistically significant (P< 0.0001). Obesity wasmore frequent in boys but overweight was more frequent in girls. The relationship between BMI and father'soccupation (P= 0.03) and mother's occupation (P= 0.03) and mother's education (P= 0.02) was statisticallysignificant.
Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of obesity and overweight in primary school children, school-basedinterventions in this age group is necessary
Correspondence between OCT Characteristics and Biochemical Parameters in Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Omprakash Sree Vaishnavi , Sekaran Sangeetha , Madhivanan Nivean , Nivean Pratheeba Devi , Sambanthan Lavanya
Published: December 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential association between peripheral blood parameters and the morphological characteristics of retinal imaging obtained via spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients with treatment-naïve diabetic macular edema (DME).
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 100 patients with treatment-naïve DME. All participants underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Optovue) and fundus photography. Peripheral blood samples were collected to assess complete blood count (CBC), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood glucose, serum urea, serum creatinine, and lipid profile.
Results: Central subfield thickness (CST) was significantly associated with serum HDL (P= 0.003). Intraretinal fluid (IRF) was linked to serum triglycerides (P=0.006), serum VLDL (P=0.001), and cholesterol- to-HDL ratio (P= 0.001). Subretinal fluid (SRF) showed an association with blood glucose (P= 0.028). Hyperreflective foci (HF) were related to total blood count (P= 0.001), monocyte count (P= 0.001), cholesterol-to-HDL ratio (P= 0.045), LDL-to-HDL ratio (P= 0.003), and serum urea (P= 0.051). Disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL) correlated with total blood count (P=0.047), lymphocyte count (P= 0.008), blood glucose (P= 0.007), and LDL-to-HDL ratio (P= 0.046). Epiretinal membrane (ERM) was associated with blood glucose (P= 0.001), total cholesterol (P= 0.022), serum LDL (P= 0.025), cholesterol-to-HDL ratio (P= 0.013), and LDL-to-HDL ratio (P= 0.008). Ellipsoid zone (EZ) and external limiting membrane (ELM) disruptions were linked to blood glucose, serum LDL, and VLDL. Hard exudates correlated with blood cell counts, glucose, HbA1c, urea, and creatinine (P< 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Systemic factors are significantly associated with retinal morphological patterns in DME, highlighting the potential for modifying these factors to influence disease progression and treatment response.
The Effect of Physical Activity with Different Intensity on Anxiety, Blood Pressure and Blood Glucose in Pregnant Women Aged 20-30
Authors: Radfar Ghazal , Alizadeh Aliakbar , Rami Mohammad , Habibi Abdolhamid
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of physical activity at varying intensities on anxiety, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels in primiparous women aged 20-30 years.
Materials and Methods: The study population comprised 200 primiparous pregnant women. Data were collected using the Spielberger Anxiety Questionnaire and a physical activity questionnaire. Pearson's correlation test was employed to analyze the relationships between physical activity, blood pressure, blood glucose, and anxiety levels. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to evaluate the effects of different physical activity intensities on these variables, with statistical significance set at P< 0.05.
Results: The Pearson correlation test revealed a significant inverse relationship between physical activity and blood glucose (P= 0.011, r= -0.55) as well as between physical activity and blood pressure (P= 0.003, r= - 0.62) in primiparous women. Similarly, an inverse and significant relationship was observed between physical activity and anxiety levels (P= 0.021, r= -0.47 for state anxiety; P= 0.001, r= -0.78 for trait anxiety). The ANCOVA results demonstrated significant differences in blood pressure and blood glucose levels among pregnant women across three levels of physical activity intensity (P= 0.001 for both).
Conclusion: The findings suggest that increased physical activity is associated with reductions in blood glucose levels, blood pressure, and anxiety in pregnant women. These results highlight the potential benefits of regular physical activity for managing these health indicators during pregnancy.
Predicting the General Self-Efficacy of the People with Diabetes in Bandargaz- 2023: The Role of Rumination and Alexithymia
Authors: Besharati Fariba , Pourahmadi Elnaz
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of rumination and alexithymia on the general self- efficacy of individuals with diabetes.
Materials and Methods: This correlational study targeted diabetic individuals aged 30–50 years residing in Bandargaz in 2023. A total of 217 participants were selected through convenience sampling. Data collection instruments included the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24, employing Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis.
Results: The results revealed a significant negative relationship between alexithymia and general self-efficacy. In the first step of the regression analysis, the beta coefficient was -0.446, indicating that a one standard deviation increase in alexithymia was associated with a 0.446 standard deviation decrease in general self- efficacy. In the second step, the beta coefficient for rumination was -0.152, suggesting that a one standard deviation increase in rumination was associated with a 0.152 standard deviation decrease in general self- efficacy.
Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that higher levels of alexithymia and rumination negatively affect general self-efficacy in individuals with diabetes. Educational interventions and workshops focused on improving emotional regulation and cognitive coping strategies could enhance self-efficacy, enabling individuals to achieve personal goals and improve their overall well-being.
The Effect of 4 Weeks of Continuous Exercises with Abdominal Fat Tissue Massage on Body Composition Changes in Overweight People: A Pilot Study
Authors: Fasihiyan Moein , Niazi Saber , Hozouri Tahereh , Nourshahi Maryam , Hovanloo Fariborz
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of continuous exercise combined withabdominal fat tissue massage on body composition in overweight individuals.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-two participants (mean (±SD) age 28(±3) years; BMI 27.5 (±1.7)) wererandomly divided into three groups: continuous training (CT, N= 7), continuous training with massage (CT+MA,N= 8), and massage only (MA, N= 7). The massage groups received 15-minute abdominal massages three timesa week. The CT+MA group performed moderate continuous training at 50-60% VO2peak for 45 minutes afterthe massage. The CT group followed the same training protocol without massage. Body composition wasassessed before and after the intervention, measuring fat percentage, waist to hip ratio (WHR), abdominal hipcircumference, weight, and abdominal skinfold thickness.
Results: The PBF, WHR, and skinfold thickness values in the abdominal area of the CT+MA group had asignificant decrease compared to MA and CT groups.
Conclusion: The results suggest that abdominal massage before exercise enhances lipolysis and spot fatreduction in the massage area, probably by increasing blood supply to subcutaneous fat tissue. This interventioncould be a practical approach to boost lipolysis in future research.
Plasma Calprotectin Level as a Potential Biomarker in Different Phases of Pediatric Hemato-Oncological Malignancies: A Pilot Study
Authors: Bandar Bita , Bakhshipour Fatemeh , Saki Najmaldin , Babaahmadi Azar , Jaseb Kaveh
Published: December 2024

Background: Calprotectin has been known as a biomarker for systemic inflammation, especially in autoimmune disorders. Inflammation is a process associated with malignant progression, and calprotectin is a potential prognostic biomarker in some hematologic malignancies. Our pilot study aimed to evaluate the plasma calprotectin level as a promising biomarker in the relapsed/refractory phase of pediatric hemato-oncological malignancies.
Materials and Methods: This pilot research is a case-control study. A total of 168 individuals were included in the study. The analyses were conducted on 73 pediatric patients diagnosed with acute leukemia and 60 others with solid tumor cancers who had referred to Ahvaz Shafa Hospital in Iran. The patients were subdivided based on the three phases of the disease, including on-treatment, relapsed/refractory, and remission phases. Also, 35 healthy children were considered as the control group. After consent was received from all the participants, their blood samples were collected in ethylene diamine tetra acetate (EDTA) tubes to measure plasma calprotectin levels by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The data were analyzed using the SPSS26 software. Kruskall-Wallis, Bonferroni Post hoc, and bivariate correlation tests were used, and a two-sided p-value < 0.05 was significant.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference among the plasma calprotectin levels in different phases of acute leukemia (P = 0.099); however, the mean levels of the studied groups were higher than the healthy controls. This increase in the average calprotectin level was also observed in different phases of solid tumor cancers compared to the control group. Besides, a significant difference was seen between the on-treatment and remission groups compared to the control group (p = 0.011 and p = 0.016, respectively).
Conclusion: The mean plasma calprotectin levels increase in different phases of some pediatric hemato-oncological malignancies, but it cannot be used as a specific biomarker for the relapsed/refractory phase.
Impact of Chemotherapy on Echocardiography, Uric acid and Lactate Dehydrogenase in Children with Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Authors: Alghasi Arash , Moghaddar Roozbeh , Kahyesh Roya Salehi , Najibi Babak , Keikhaei Bijan , Bitaraf Saeid
Published: December 2024

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent malignancy in pediatrics. ALL blood cancer causes excessive production of immature white blood cells called lymphoblasts or leukemic blasts. Therefore, the present study evaluates the effect of chemotherapy on echocardiography, uric acid (UA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in ALL children.
Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was designed for 53 ALL patients who referred to Shahid Beqaei 2 in Ahvaz from 2022 to 2023. The inclusion criteria for the studied ALL children aged 2 to 16 years were the maintenance phase of chemotherapy and lack of symptoms of cardiomyopathy. The levels of LDH, UA and echocardiographic parameters were compared before and after chemotherapy through paired sample t-tests. P-values<0.05 were considered significant.
Results: The mean age of the ALL patients was 6.28 ± 4.13 years. Of all the patients, 64% were male. The mean levels of LDH before and after chemotherapy were 1443.36 ± 1373.26 and 534.51 ± 236.61 U/L, and the LDH levels decreased significantly after chemotherapy (P < 0.001).  The mean U.A levels before and after chemotherapy were 6.67 ± 6.80 and 5.30 ± 6.15 mg/dl, respectively (P = 0.30). Abnormal echocardiography before and after chemotherapy was observed in 3.76% and 22.64% of the patients, respectively, but the difference was not markedly significant (P = 0.44). The relative risk was estimated to be 0.16, suggesting that the probability of cardiac dysfunction after chemotherapy reduced to approximately 16% of the baseline risk observed before chemotherapy.
Conclusion: The initial evaluation of serum LDH can be beneficial in knowing the response to chemotherapy. So, it is of importance to determine the prognostic value of this biological marker. On the other hand, chemotherapy does not seem to have a significant effect on the mean values of echocardiographic parameters and the level of uric acid.
The Gene Expression Levels of ETS2, ADAM28, and GPRC5D Genes in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients
Authors: Farokhian Farnoush , Cohan Nader , Ramzi Mani , Abedi Elham , Fakhraei Farzaneh , Parand Shirin , Khademi Reyhane , Moghadam Mohamad
Published: December 2024

Background: Genetic biomarkers significantly influence the pathological differentiation and proliferation of lymphoid precursor cells, contributing to the development of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in children. This case-control study aimed to assess the expression levels of three potential biomarkers: ETS2, ADAM28, and GPRC5D, in patients with ALL.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a group of ALL patients (n=65) referred to the hematology-oncology departments of Nemazee Hospital and Amir Hospital in Shiraz, Iran, from May 2018 to May 2021 were selected as the patient group. A control group (n=65) of age- and gender-matched volunteers was also selected.
 Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to study the expression profiles of these genes in patients and compare the results to those of a control group. The study included 65 patients with ALL and 65 healthy participants. The Pfaffl method of relative quantification, which compares the threshold cycle of a constitutive gene (TBP) with the test gene of each sample in duplicate, was used to determine the relative levels of ETS2, ADAM28, and GPRC5D gene expression. SPSS software version 16 was used for statistical analysis. Nonparametric tests were used to analyze non-normally distributed data, and the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the medians and ranges and a p-value of 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The patient group showed significantly greater expression of the ETS2 and ADAM28 genes compared to the control group. (P <0.0001; fold changes of 2.80 and 2.14, respectively), while GPRC5D expression remained unchanged (P >0.05).
Conclusion: These genetic biomarkers in patients with ALL may play an oncogenic role in the pathogenesis of the disease and could serve as potential novel biomarkers for ALL.
Tropisetron-Induced Apoptosis: A Study on SKOV3 Cell Viability and Gene Expression
Authors: Tavakoli Fatemeh , Afzali Fatemeh , Jahanabadi Samane
Published: December 2024

Background: Ovarian tumors account for 1% of all childhood neoplasms and are the most common genital neoplasm in children. Considering the role of serotonin in the promotion of tumor growth and metastasis in some cancers, tropisetron as a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3) receptor antagonist can exert anti-neoplastic effects. The current study seeks to determine the association between the use of tropisetron and ovarian cancer­cell lines (SKOV3) by evaluating apoptotic regulators.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, after the addition of tropisetron to SKOV3 cancer cells at the concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 μM, the MTT assay was employed to assess the cell viability percentage within 24, 48, and 72 hours. The level of expression of Bcl2 and Bax genes after 24 hours were determined by Real Time-PCR, and Caspase 3 enzyme activity was measured by the ELISA method. Differences between groups were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). A p-value less than 0.05 is considered to be statistically significant.
Results: Based on the MTT test, tropisetron significantly decreased the viability of SKOV3 cancer cells. It decreased the levels of Bcl2 expression according to real-time PCR results (P =0.0015) but increased the expression levels of Bax (P = 0.011) in SKOV3 cells. Both caspase-3 enzyme activity and the ratio of Bax to Bcl2 expression (Bax/Bcl2) were increased (P = 0.008 and P = 0.011, respectively).
Conclusion: Tropisetron could inhibit tumor cell growth via apoptosis induction and exert proapoptotic effects in an ovarian cancer ¬cell line. Therefore, it seems that it can be considered as a possible chemotherapy drug for ovarian cancer. However, more studies should be conducted in this regard.
A Risk-Based Approach to Designing an Academic Research Project: Comparing the Effects of X- and Gamma-Ray Irradiation on the Lymphocytes of Blood Bags
Authors: Shojaei Mahboobeh , Mohammadi Saeed , Shirani Nader Vazifeh , Bakhshandeh Mohsen , Hessam Rafiee Mohammad
Published: December 2024

Background: The risk assessment of research projects provides a valuable approach for designing proper methodology, assuring data reliability, and accurately forecasting the resource requirements. Although X-ray irradiation has been globally recognized as a safe method for blood bag sterilization, it has not replaced gamma irradiation in Iran. To facilitate this replacement, a suitable methodology and the assessment of the intervening factors and the risks involved are required. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the risks associated with X-ray and gamma irradiation using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) as a preliminary model applied in various scientific centers.
Materials and Methods: This interventional study uses FMEA to identify the failure modes in six primary processes. Severity (S), occurrence (O), and detection (D) scores were assigned to each failure mode, and their product, the Risk Priority Number (RPN), was calculated to rank the risk levels and compare the failure modes. Control and preventive measures were defined for the failure modes, and the RPN scores were re-evaluated six months later to assess their effectiveness.
Results: Twenty-two failure modes with RPN scores ranging from 24 to 360 were identified and evaluated. Through defining control and preventive measures for all the analyzed failure modes, the overall risk level was reduced from a baseline RPN of 114.36 ± 94.97 to a re-scored RPN of 12.18 ± 7.64. This represents an approximately 89.45% reduction from the baseline. The reduction in RPN was primarily due to the changes in the occurrence and then detection.
Conclusion: FMEA is a robust tool for analyzing and mitigating risks in research projects, enhancing their quality before implementation. By this method, the risks associated with replacing gamma irradiation with X-ray irradiation for blood bags can be identified and controlled, leading to the elimination of irradiation limitations for blood bags nationwide.
The Survival Rate of Leukemia Patients in Asian Regions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study
Authors: Zare Reza , Haghshenas Hoda , Moghaddam Sara , Avazpour Ramin , Jahromi Hossein Kargar , Delam Hamed , Amini-Salehi Ehsan
Published: December 2024

Background: Leukemia is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, especially in children. The present research aims to comprehensively estimate leukemia cancer survival in Asian countries through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Materials and Methods: The current research is a systematic review and meta-analysis of leukemia patients' survival rates in Asian countries. Five databases ISI, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar were used to search for relevant studies. Keywords were selected based on MeSH. The search for studies continued until February 1, 2023. The random-effects model was used to reduce the risk of bias in the studies. The Egger’s regression test was also used to evaluate the risk of publication bias. A total number of 73 papers were considered for the analysis. All analyses were performed by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 2 software.
Results: The overall one-year and five-year survival rates of the leukemia patients were 62.3% (95% CI: 60.9%-63.6%) and 46.7% (95% CI: 41.2%-52.3%), respectively. The results of the subgroup analysis revealed that the five-year survival rate of myeloid leukemia was 36.3% (95% CI: 35.8%-36.8%), while the five-year survival rate of lymphoid leukemia was 62.4% (95% CI: 58.2%-66.4%). The results of the overall 5-year survival rate of leukemia patients by age group showed that, in general, children have a higher survival rate than adults [63.3% (95% CI: 58.7%-67.6%) vs. 27.6% (95% CI: 23.2%-32.6%)].
Conclusion: In general, the survival rates of leukemia patients in Asian countries are very different. On the whole, however, the present study demonstrated that the five-year survival rate for leukemia patients in Asian countries has achieved a level of 46.7%, irrespective of variables such as age, cancer stage, or treatment protocol.
“Think Beyond Trauma!” Multiple Epidural Hematoma in Sickle Cell Disease: A Conundrum
Authors: Bhatnagar Ruchika , Kumari Anita
Published: December 2024

Epidural hematoma is conventionally thought to occur secondary to trauma. Atraumatic/spontaneous epidural hematoma is of rare occurrence and the etiology spans from dural vascular malformations, neoplasms, and coagulopathy to sinus, middle ear, and orbital infections. Occurrence of atraumatic epidural hematoma in sickle cell disease is rarely reported as opposed to frequent neurological complications, such as ischemic stroke seen in 54% of cases, followed by intracerebral, subarachnoid, intraventricular, or subdural hemorrhages. This study reports the case of an eight-year-old male with Sickle cell disease (SCD). He suffered from fever followed by splenic sequestration and multiple spontaneous epidural hematomas without mass effect and successfully managed with conservative treatment.
Sentiment Analysis Using Machine Learning Methods on News Texts
Authors: Öztürk Aslı Gizem , Turan Metin
Published: December 2024

The categorization of intricate emotional phenomena in news texts permits the assessment of the impact of such news on society. In this context, it is evident that the existing body of research on emotion analysis in Turkish texts is insufficient. The objective of this study is to identify the emotions of "fear," "happiness," "anger," "sadness," and "surprise" in Turkish news texts using machine learning methods. In consideration of the Turkish language structure, the adjectives and nouns were parsed on a specially prepared corpus and dictionary groups specific to this study were created with the use of the TF-IDF and Double Normalization methods. Subsequently, these lexicon groups were employed for the classification of sentiment in news texts using a range of machine learning techniques, including Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), LightGBM, XGBoost, GPT-2, BERT, DistilBERT, and XLM ROBERTa. The evaluation metrics employed were F1-score, accuracy, recall, and precision. In the training phase of the model, the dictionary group created with Double Normalization, the GPT-2 model, the Grid Search optimization method, and cross-validation were employed in order to achieve the highest F1-score of 0.99 and accuracy of 0.99. It is anticipated that the methods and dataset utilized in this study will contribute to the existing literature on sentiment classification in Turkish texts and provide insights that will inform future similar studies.
Analysis of Vulnerabilities in The Content Security Policy Standard to Enhance Website Security
Authors: Okhonko Pylyp
Published: December 2024

This article analyzes the vulnerabilities of the Content Security Policy (CSP) standard with the aim of improving website security. It highlights that this standard has vulnerabilities that enable attackers to successfully execute attacks by injecting malicious code into web pages. The relevance of studying CSP vulnerabilities to enhance website protection is substantiated. The primary aspects of implementing web resource protection using the CSP standard are discussed. The article outlines the most well-known techniques for bypassing the directives of this standard. It describes the process of executing an XSS attack using the "unsafe-inline" directive. It is revealed that such an attack organization allows the interception of user data without detection by users or security administrators. The conclusion is made that the use of the unsafe-inline directive by developers does not provide an adequate level of protection against XSS attacks. As an alternative, the implementation of a more effective CSP policy, configured in accordance with the recommendations of information security specialists, is proposed.
Simple Method to Estimate Battery Lifetime and Upkeep of Lead-Acid and Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Bolsi Pedro C. , Prado Edemar O. , Nazaré Romario J. , Sartori Hamiltom C. , Pinheiro José Renes
Published: December 2024

This work provides an event-oriented method to model and predict the lifetime of lead-acid and lithium-iron phosphate batteries. An ampere-hour integration method is proposed to be used in conjunction with the event-oriented method to achieve higher accuracy. The methods are applied to lead acid and lithium-iron phosphate batteries on a commercial 1~kW single-office/home-office uninterruptible power supply (UPS). Additional circuits for measurements, or microprocessors are avoided to not increase the UPS cost, reducing its market competitiveness. The usefulness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by an upkeep analysis based on the cost of the battery and the service time for each battery technology.
Mitigating Chili Plant Wilt: Synergy of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Sáenz-Hidalgo Hilda Karina , Sánchez-Chávez Esteban , Orduño-Cruz Nuvia , Rai Mahendra , Olalde-Portugal Víctor , Ávila-Quezada Graciela Dolores
Published: December 2024

Background/Objective. The chilaca pepper (Capsicum annuum) is significantly impacted by the attack of the oomycete Phytophthora capsici, which causes chili wilt. Current methods for controlling this disease have been inefficient. Therefore, the search for more environmentally friendly alternatives is of great importance. In pursuit of this objective, we assessed the potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to try to reduce or postpone chili pepper wilt. Materials and Methods. Growth parameters were measured in inoculated and non-inoculated chili pepper plants with AMF from a commercil consortium TM-73 (Biotecnología Microbiana) and the protective effects of AMF and AgNPs (NanoID®) against P. capsici as evaluated using a severity scale for wilt symptoms. Plant response to pathogen infection was assessed by measuring the activities of antioxidant enzymes: PER, SOD, CAT and H2O2. Results. The results indicated that AMF application improved the growth parameters of C. annuum, while the plant-pathogen interaction induced an antioxidant enzymatic response. AMF maintained wilt symptoms at or below 80%, preventing plant death. Meanwhile, AgNPs (50ppm) delayed plant mortality compared to the control treatment. Conclusion. The combined use of AMF and AgNPs offer options for future research in the disease management for chili peppers.
Review of Substance-Related Dreams through Typical Dreams
Authors: Danışman Mustafa , Sezer Katar Kübra , Uçar Hasanlı Zehra , Zengin İspir Gamze
Published: December 2024

Drug-related dreams are defined as dreams experienced by individuals with a substance use disorder during the withdrawal or recovery process. Studies indicate that authors interpret all drug-related dreams as reflections of the attempts by individuals with addiction to fulfill their drug use desires at varying levels of satisfaction. The absence of an explanation in the literature regarding the manner and rationale behind the fulfilment of drug cravings by drug-related dreams (Type A or Type B) to varying degrees (sufficiently or insufficiently) indicates that the gratification derived from such dreams – presumed to alleviate the desire for drug use – has been inferred from prognostic findings and presumptions concerning patients’ periods of abstinence. It is noteworthy that there is a similarity between dreams experienced by individuals with substance use disorders who wish to use the substance but are unable to do so for various reasons and failure-related examination dreams. Instead of a hypothesis that drug-related dreams with different content and emotions provide varying levels of satisfaction, examining them through the lens of the censorship mechanism in dreams may reveal that these types of dreams attempt to fulfill distinct desires. The objective of the current paper is to analyse substance-related dreams and typical dreams, including those related to examinations, in light of neuroscientific evidence and interpretations. In particular, the focus will be on Freud's views on the censorship mechanism in dreams, as well as the theoretical perspectives of Jung and Kohut.
Addressing Violence Against Women with a Social Work Perspective in the Context of Relational Cultural Theory
Authors: Yalçın Melike
Published: December 2024

Relational cultural theory is one of the postmodern theories and emphasizes the importance of the quality of the relationships with other people in women’s psychological development. This theory is more widely accepted for its potential to bring about meaningful and sustainable change in cases of violence against women. By working with women who have been subjected to violence on the basis of relational cultural theory, women are supported to convey their experiences more easily and to establish healthy connections in their relationships. Empathy, with its emphasis on mutual empowerment and cooperation, provides an important basis for supporting women who have experienced violence. Studies show that relational cultural theory increases the resilience and empowerment of women who have been subjected to violence. In this context, this study includes the foundations of relational cultural theory and approaches and explanations in the context of violence against women from a social work perspective. The impact on women’s empowerment and healthy relationships is explained, as well as what needs to be taken into account in practice.
Laporan Kasus: Pengobatan Herbal untuk Bronkopneumonia Kronis pada Kucing
Authors: Widagdo Hagai Deosiddhanta , Batan I Wayan , Jayanti Putu Devi
Published: December 2024

Bronkopneumonia merupakan peradangan yang terjadi pada bronkus dan alveoli paru-paru. Bronkopneumonia dianggap sebagai penyakit utama dan dapat terjadi sebagai akibat dari kerusakan paru-paru. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk melaporkan kejadian bronkopneumonia kronis pada kucing serta penanganannya.Hewan kasus merupakan seekor kucing betinapeliharaanbernama Cantik, berumur limatahun, dengan bobotbadan2,7kg.Kucing kasus diperiksa dengan keluhan kesulitan bernapas, napas lambat dan dalam, dan kejadian ini telah berlangsungselamaenam bulan.Kucing terlihat kerapbatuk dengan frekuensi yang cukup sering.Hasil pemeriksaan fisik menunjukkan adanya suara wheezesatau mengi pada saat auskultasi. Pemeriksaan penunjang meliputi pemeriksaan hematologi rutindengan hasil kucing mengalami trombositopenia, pemeriksaan sitologi dengan sampel yang diambil melalui usap hidungditemukan adanya sel radang, dan pemeriksaan radiografi yang difokuskan pada regiotoraks dengan hasil berupa perubahan opasitas menjadi radiopaquepada organ paru-paru. Berdasarkan hasil anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemeriksaan penunjang, kucing kasus didiagnosismenderita bronkopneumoniakronis. Pengobatan dilakukan dengan memberikan nebulasi, antiradang methylprednisolone,dan antibiotik doxycyclineselama tujuhhari. Setelah tujuhhari,pengobatan digantimenggunakan obat herbaldengan alasanobat herbal dipercaya memiliki efek samping yang lebih minimal pada hewan berumur tua. Pengobatan digantidengan jamu yang mengandung kencur, daun akar kucing, lengkuas, jahe, bawang putih,minyak hati ikankod yang kaya akan omega 3, suplemen penambah nafsu makan,dan nebulasipada kucingtetap dilanjutkan.Tiga minggupascapengobatan,kucing menunjukkan perbaikan secara klinisyang dilihat dari berkurangnya frekuensi batuk dan cara bernapas yang normal. Hasil pemeriksaan darah menunjukkan kembali normalnya kadar trombosit dalam darah.
Laporan Kasus: Kemanjuran Nitazoxanide dalam Mengatasi Infeksi Giardia sp. pada Kucing Peliharaan
Authors: Annisa Wafiq , Batan I Wayan , Putriningsih Putu Ayu Sisyawati
Published: December 2024

Giardia sp. adalah salah satu protozoa saluran pencernaan yang paling umum menginfeksi kucing. Giardia sp. berkembang biak secara ekstraseluler dan noninvasif di usus kecil inang vertebrata menyebabkan penyakit diare yang dikenal sebagai giardiasis. Kucing berisiko tertular giardiasis ketika mengonsumsi air atau pakan yang telah tercemar oleh kista infektif. Kucing yang terinfeksi Giardia sp. menunjukkan tanda-tanda klinis yang khas yaitu diare berair yang tidak spesifik dalam jangka waktu lama, tinja dengan konsistensi yang lunak hingga encer dan penurunan bobot badan. Namun, infeksi Giardia sp. pada kucing seringkali tidak menunjukkan gejala yang spesifik, sehingga serupa dengan penyakit pencernaan lainnya. Tes pendukung sangat diperlukan untuk meneguhkan diagnosis giardiasis. Pemeriksaan penunjang menggunakan alat rapid test. Hewan kasus adalah kucing betina bernama Cantik yang mengalami diare selama tujuh hari, dengan body condition score 3/9 dan konsistensi feses encer dengan skor 1/6. Kucing didiagnosis menderita giardiasis akibat infeksi Giardia sp. dengan prognosis fausta. Terapi yang digunakan pada kasus ini adalah obat antibiotik nitazoxanide, yaitu senyawa nitrothiazole benzamide baru yang terkenal karena aktivitasnya dalam mengobati protozoa usus dan infeksi cacing. Obat nitazoxanide belum diuji pada kucing yang mengalami giardiasis, akan tetapi sebelumnya obat nitazoxanide pernah digunakan untuk mengobati Giardia sp. pada anjing, pengobatan infeksi calicivirus pada kucing, dan sebagai pengobatan alternatif untuk giardiasis yang resistan terhadap metronidazole. Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk melaporkan efektivitas nitazoxanide sebagai pengobatan kasus Giardia sp. pada kucing peliharaan. Obat diberikan dengan dosis 25 mg/kg secara oral dua kali sehari selama lima hari dan Kalvigel® diberikan sebagai terapi suportif. Hasil test kit antigen Giardia sp., ditemukan negatif setelah lima hari pengobatan dengan skor feses 4/6 dan body condition score 3/9. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sediaan obat nitazoxanide manjur dalam pengobatan giardiasis kucing.
Laporan Kasus: Infeksi Giardia sp. yang Diperparah oleh Infeksi Virus Feline Panleukopenia Pada Kucing Domestik
Authors: Sinthalarosa Margaretha Dhea , Batan I Wayan , Putriningsih Putu Ayu Sisyawati
Published: December 2024

Giardiasis adalah penyakit pencernaan yang diakibatkan oleh protozoa Giardia sp..Penyakit ini umumnya menyerang usus halus pada manusia dan mamalia lainnya serta bersifat zoonosis. Giardiasis pada kucing berdampak terhadap penurunan imunitas yang memicu terjadinya infeksi penyakit lain termasuk infeksi virus sepertiFelinePanleukopenia Virus(FPV). Penyakit FelinePanleukopenia (FPL)menyerang kucing segala usia dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas tertinggi terjadi pada anak kucing hingga umur dua belasbulan. Padalaporan ini,hewan kasus berupakucing domestik, berjenis kelamin betina, berumur tiga bulan dengan bobot badan 402 gram, datang dengan keluhan diare selama satu minggu, feses berwarna cokelat gelap dan terdapat bercak darah, konsistensi feses lembek sepeti pasta, dengan intensitas yang sering. Setelah dilakukan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemeriksaan penunjang, hewan kasus didiagnosis giardiasis.Terapi yang digunakan adalah antibiotik metronidazoledengan dosis 10mg/kg BBsecara oral dua kali sehari selama tujuh hari, serta diberikan kaolin-pectindengan dosis 1 mL/kg BBsecara oral dua kali sehari.Terapi suportif diberikan multivitamindengan dosis 1 mL/ 5 kg BBsecara oral satu kali sehari. Setelah14 hari pengobatan,kucing kasustidak menunjukkan perbaikan kondisi dan dicurigai adanya infeksi sekunder sehingga dilakukan pemeriksaan penunjang tambahan berupa tes kit Feline Giardiasis, Feline Panleukopenia(FPL), danFeline Coronavirus(FCV)dengan menggunakan sampel feses kucing kasus.Setelah pemeriksaan tes kit, kucing kasusdiketahui terinfeksiFPL, kemudian antibiotik dikombinasidengancefotaximedengan dosis 20 mg/kg BBsecaraintramuskuler dua kali sehari selama tiga hari. Terapi cairan beruparinger lactatejuga diberikan sebanyak 30 mL/kg BB/hari secara subkutan.Kondisi kucing semakin memburuk pada hari ke 17 kucing kasusditemukanmatidan dibawa ke laboratorium untuk dilakukan nekropsi.
Laporan Kasus: Infeksi Toxocara pada Kucing Lokal
Authors: Pranatawan Made Ade , Batan I Wayan , Widyastuti Sri Kayati
Published: December 2024

Toxocariosis adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh cacing dari genus Toxocara. Cacing Toxocara cati dapat menyerang kucing melalui penularannya secara oral dengan menelan telur infektif, menelan hospes paratenik (cacing tanah, kecoa dan rodensia), atau secara transmammary. Hewan kasus adalah seekor kucing peliharaan dengan jenis kelamin betina berumur satu tahun dengan bobot badan 3,2 kg datang dengan keluhan mengalami diare dengan konsistensi feses cair serta frekuensi defekasi hingga empat kali per hari. Pada pemeriksaan feses secara mikroskopis dengan metode apung ditemukan adanya telur cacing Toxocara cati. Selanjutnya pada pemeriksaan egg per gram ditemukan jumlah telur sebanyak 1800 telur. Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan klinis, kucing didiagnosis mengalami toxocariosis dengan prognosis fausta. Pengobatan yang diberikan untuk kucing kasus adalah pemberian pyrantel pamoate 70 mg/kg BB PO sebagai terapi kausatif dan pemberian terapi simtomatis diberikan sirup kaolin-pectin dengan dosis 1 mL/kg BB PO (q12h) selama lima hari yang berfungsi untuk menghilangkan hasil pertumbuhan bakteri yang bersifat racun. Pemberian terapi suportif berupa multivitamin Caviplex dengan dosis 1 mL/kg BB PO (q24h) selama lima hari untuk menambah nafsu makan. Hasil pengobatan selama satu minggu menunjukkan perkembangan yang sangat baik yang ditandai dengan abdomen kucing kasus sudah tidak terlihat membesar.
Laporan Kasus: Penanganan Stomatitis dan Mycoplasma haemofelis yang Menginfeksi Sel Darah Merah pada Kucing Peliharaan
Authors: Billa Ayu Talia Shalsa , Batan I Wayan , Suartha I Nyoman
Published: December 2024

Salah satu jenis ektoparasit yang paling banyakmenginfeksi kucing adalah pinjal (Ctenocephalides felis) yang merupakan vektor dari infeksi Mycoplasma haemofelis pada kucing.Gejala umum dari kucing yang terinfeksi Mycoplasma haemofelis antara lain anemia, lethargi, lemah, demam, penurunan bobot badan, bahkanmenyebabkan kematian.Peradangan pada mulut atau stomatitis dapat menyebabkan rasa tidak nyaman pada mulut kucing,sehingga kucing dapat mengalami penurunan nafsu makan. Stomatitis secara klinis ditandai dengan anoreksia, halitosis, hipersalivasi, pendarahan pada gusi dan mulut, penurunan bobot badan, ulserasi pada rongga mulut, dan pada gigi terjadi akumulasi plak atau kalkulus. Hasil pemeriksaan klinis menunjukkan gejala demam, hipersalivasi, halitosis, lethargi, terdapat ulcer pada lidahdan mulut, sertagusi mengalami radang. Pemeriksaan penunjang yang dilakukan adalah pemeriksaan hematologi rutin, tes cepat antigen, dan ulas darah.Terapi yang diberikan adalah obat tetes kutu topikal sebanyak satu tube, antibiotik doxycycline10 mg/kgBB satu kali sehari selama 14 hari, anti radang meloxicam0,1 mg/kg BB, obat hematopoietikum herbal tiongkok,dan vitamin B kompleks.Penanganan kucingkasus menunjukkan hasil yang baik, pada hari ke 14 pengobatan terjadi peningkatan kesehatan pada kucing kasus, nafsu makan dan minum sudah membaik, kucing sudah bisa memakan dryfood, tidak terjadi hipersalivasi dan halitosis. Pemeriksaan rongga mulut menunjukkan bahwa kemerahan pada gingiva sudah tidak terlihat, ukuran diameter dan jumlah lesi pada lidah maupun mulut berkurang.