bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Concept of Product Design by Involving Emotional Factors using EEG: A Case Study of Computer Mouse Design
Authors: Sugiono Sugiono , Putra Andi S. , P Renaldi , Fanani Angga A. , Cahyawati Amanda N. , Oktavianty Oke
Published: March 2021

Product design has long been developed based on reliability and usability, but has neglected the objective measurement in terms of pleasurable experience. This paper presents a new concept of product design, with application in computer mouse design, which not only considers the performance of its functional factor but also emotional factor.

A survey involving 153 respondents showed that 75.16% of respondents consider ergonomic / comfort factor as the most important factor, followed by precision factor with 58.17%, and noise factor with 15.03%. Furthermore, a survey of pairewise comparisons were conducted to assess the level of importance of the emotional factor.

Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to process weightage, resulting in stress = 0.27, focus = 0.279, engagement = 0.29, and interest = 0.265. Finally, the emotional level of 5 different mouse units was assessed through experiments using the EEG Emotiv 16 Channels system 10-20. There are three stages in assessing the mouse which were carried out using the 5 samples, namely the level of interest, the stage of using (ergonomics, focus) t, and the stage of user experience (engagement). From the average measurement of the EEG value, it was found that interest = 57.8 (scale 0-100) on a mouse that has an elegant shape, striking color, and with wifi connectivity, focus & stress because the size fits the shape of the hand and the level of cursor precision, while engagement follows the other three emotional factors.

It can be concluded that brain signal exploration through Emotiv's EEG is able to quantify the emotional factor in product selection through the phase of attraction, use and experience.
CONSEQUÊNCIAS DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19: UMA PERSPECTIVA DA GESTÃO NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL PRIVADA –REFLETIR, AGIR, RECUAR OU ANTECIPAR?
Authors: Hadassa de Santana Varela Jedídja , Brunni Cartaxo de Castro Ahiram , Antônio Freitas da Silva Carlos , Hermann Nodari Cristine , William Pereira da Silva Arthur
Published: March 2021

In view of the COVID-19 pandemic, what positions are effective for early childhood schools? With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, schools sought protectivemeasures, but due to social isolation and distance, child by child the school was emptying. What directions to take from then on? The need to respond to parents' financial investments and time not applied to their social, professional and even emotional demands, having children out of school, made everyone anxious to act rather than ponder to reflect on an effective way out. These are some of the concerns raised in order to reflect on the positions that are effective for early childhood schools, in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, the authors were able to raise that: the practice of reflection-action must be continued and distance education tools provide the continuous exercise on the learning arrangement that may come to be an institutional alternative. In addition, teaching can be made more flexible according to the skills of each student, or that new learning’s emerge considered the full exposure of students with information and communication technologies. In parallel, educators should prefer practices that bring the whole school community together.
The Prevalence and Pattern of Enterobacter Antibiotic Resistance in the Patients Admitted to Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran (2016 - 2018)
Authors: Mohseni Afshar Zeinab , Miladi Ronak , Janbakhsh Alireza , Mansouri Feizollah , Sayad Babak , Vaziri Siavash , Afsharian Mandana , Zamanian Mohammad Hossein , Shirvani Maria , Yavari Sara , Tarlan Mitra , Khazaei Sedigheh
Published: March 2021

Background: Antibiotic resistance is spreading worldwide against the Gram-negative bacteria that cause nosocomial infections. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of Enterobacter isolated from the blood, urine, wound, and sputum samples of the patients referring to Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 649 patients with positive Enterobacter cultures at Imam Reza Hospital during 2016 - 2018. The isolates were obtained using laboratory tests based on the CLSI protocol. In addition, the standard disc-diffusion method was used to assess antibiotic susceptibility. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 20. Results: Most cases of positive Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from the patients admitted to the intensive care unit (35.6%) and emergency ward (21.9%), as well as the urine (51.6%) and sputum samples (20.5%), respectively. Levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem were the most effective antibiotics against Enterobacter with the susceptibility of 56.7%, 54.8%, and 53.3%, respectively. Conclusions: According to the results, the antibiotic resistance of Enterobacter to ampicillin and ceftriaxone was high, and these antibiotics must be used correctly and reasonably. Furthermore, more epidemiological studies are required in Iran to provide national programs for preventing the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Profile of linguistic and cognitive deficits in persons with a semantic variant of a primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Jerkić Lana , Pavlović Dragan , Vuković Mile , Todorović Jelena , Zelić Mirna
Published: March 2021

Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) includes a group of neurodegenerative disorders that are characterized by progressive deterioration of language functions, while other cognitive functions, at least at the onset of the disease, are relatively spared. There are three basic subtypes of PPA: the nonfluent progressive aphasia (nvPPA), the semantic variant of a primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), and the logopenic progressive aphasia (lvPPA). The semantic variant of a PPA can also be found in the literature under the term of semantic dementia. It is clinically manifested by progressive deterioration of semantic knowledge, fluent aphasia, impaired naming and comprehension, prosopagnosia and surface dyslexia and dysgraphia (in languages with irregular orthography). As the disease progresses, other cognitive changes can be observed. The main cause of the disorder is progressive bilateral atrophy of the anterior temporal lobes, which is more manifested in the left hemisphere. The literature is modest in terms of the use of specific treatment methods in the rehabilitation of these patients. Since speech and language disorders are the most conspicuous symptom, at least at the beginning of the disease, the role of speech therapists in the assessment and restitution of speechlanguage and communication skills is also indisputable.
Assessment of the influence of expanded hemodialysis on the rate of removal of middle molecular weight uremic toxins
Authors: Nenadović Marko , Nikolić Aleksandra , Kostović Milica , Drašković Branislava , Jovanović Milena , Nikolić Tomislav , Petrović Dejan
Published: March 2021

Objective. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of expanded hemodialysis on the degree of b2-microglobulin removal. Methods. Sixteen patients treated with extended MCO hemodialysis were examined. The main parameter for assessing the efficiency of removal of uremic toxins of middle molecular weight is the concentration of b2-microglobulin in the serum before and after a single session of extended MCO hemodialysis. The following were used for statistical analysis: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student's T test for bound samples and Wilcoxon test. Results. Extended MCO hemodialysis effectively removes uremic toxins of middle molecular weight. The reduction index of b2-microglobulin during a single session of extended MCO hemodialysis is 70.60 ± 5.88%. The average loss of albumin during a single session of extended MCO hemodialysis is 1.88 ± 1.02 g/4h, and the index of albumin reduction is 4.94 ± 2.49%. Conclusion. Extended MCO hemodialysis effectively removes b2-microglobulin. The b2-microglobulin reduction index is ~ 71% and the albumin loss is less than 4.0 g/4h. This dialysis modality prevents the development of amyloidosis, atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in the population of patients treated with regular hemodialysis.
Marketing of insurance brokerage and agency
Authors: Žarković Nebojša
Published: March 2021

The subject of research in this paper is the marketing of insurance brokerage and agency as an area that has long been neglected in developed countries. Until recently, almost no one in our country dealt with these issues. The paper presents the concept and importance of marketing of insurance brokerage and agency, as well as the basic starting points for its implementation - market situation, changes in the behaviour of insured persons, the eff ect of technological progress, and the attitudes of brokers and agents towards marketing. The necessity of connection with the marketing of an insurance company was especially emphasized, since brokers and agents, on one hand, and insurers, on the other, have the same job. Finally, the features of independent marketing of insurance brokerage and agency are highlighted. In order to survive on the market and improve business operations, every broker and agent must necessarily use marketing, to the extent and in a manner appropriate to their work.
A RANS-BEM Method to Efficiently Include Appendage Effects in RANS-Based Hull Shape Evaluation
Authors: Renzsch Hannes , Ward Britton
Published: March 2021

Abstract. In this paper an approach to mimic the influence of appendages on the pressure distribution on a boat’s hull in RANS simulations is given. While, of course, the appendages could be modelled explicitly in the RANS simulation, this significantly increases the cell count and CPU-time requirements of the simulations, particularly for boats with multiple appendages.

In this approach it is assumed that the pressure fields generated by the appendages can be decomposed into two parts: one related to lift (asymmetric) and one related to the displaced volume (symmetric). For these parts actuator line momentum theory is utilized, and doublet mass sources are described based on potential flow theory.

An initial assessment of the approach’s capabilities and accuracy is presented based on the SYRF wide light series (Claughton, 2015), showing good promise. An application example with particular focus on the reduction of CPU-time requirement is given based on a boat fitted with canting keel and DSS foil.
Comprehensive or Implementable? A Review of Y. Bouchamma, M. Giguère and D. April’s, Pedagogical Supervision Standards: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Hunter Darryl
Published: March 2021

I argue in this book review that the authors have created a readily implementable framework for school principals' in their instructional supervision tasks, by virtue of not attempting to become comprehensive.
Schools, Communities and the Police ‐ Shared Education as a Mechanism for Social Cohesion and Community Safety.
Authors: Duffy Gavin , Gallagher Tony
Published: March 2021

The relationship between the police and communities can be difficult in ethnically divided societies, especially if membership of the police force is largely drawn from one community. This situation pertained in Northern Ireland, which has separate schools for different religious communities.
Despite a major reform of the police after the signing of the Good Friday Agreement (1998), the relationship between the police and the Catholic minority remained difficult and, in particular, the police found it difficult to engage with pupils in some Catholic schools. An education initiative,
called Shared Education, was launched in 2006 to support the peace process by encouraging collaborative partnership between Protestant and Catholic schools. This paper examines a school partnership in Northern Ireland in which statutory and non-statutory organisations, including the Police
Service in Northern Ireland, were involved. The paper examines how the relationship between the police and the schools was enabled by the collaborative partnership: in particular, it allowed the police to provide information and advice to parents on internet safety and cyber-bullying to parents
with whom it would otherwise have been very difficult to engage.
Positive emotion induction improves cardiovascular coping with a cognitive task
Authors: Molins Francisco , Pérez-Calleja Tania , Abad-Tortosa Diana , Alacreu-Crespo Adrian , Serrano-Rosa Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2021

Feeling positive emotions seems to favour an adaptive cardiovascular response (greater heart rate variability, HRV), associated with improved cognitive performance. This study aims to test whether the induction of a positive emotional state produce such cardiovascular response and therefore, enhance coping and performance in Tower of Hanoi (ToH). Forty-two Participants were randomly distributed into two groups (Experimental and Control). Experimental group was subjected to the evocation of a memory of success, while control group was subjected to an attentional task before performing ToH. Heart Rate Variability (HRV), activity of the zygomatic major muscle (ZEMG) and emotions were measured. Emotional induction increased ZEMG activity, feelings of emotional valence and HRV, but the performance in ToH was not different from control. Experiencing positive emotions seems to favour an adaptive psychophysiological response when faced with a complex cognitive task. These results are discussed in relation to clinical practice and health.
Maternal Practices Regarding Oral Antibiotics Administration
Authors: Hassan Atyat Mohammed
Published: March 2021

Aim: This study was to evaluate the maternal practices regarding oral antibiotics administration.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was utilized. A convenient sample of one hundred mothers who were visiting the general and chest out-patient clinics and fulfilling the study criteria was enrolled. One structured interview questionnaire was designed specifically for this study after a thorough review of the literature and previous researches. It included two parts: Personal characteristics of the mothers and their practices in administering oral antibiotics for their young children.

Results: The study results found that the mean age of mothers was 27.3± 4.6 years, 26.00% were illiterate and 78.00% were housewives. Also, showed that 70.0% of mothers had poor scores regarding antibiotics administration. Likewise, 66% of the studied mothers didn't complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed regardless of the child's improvements. Too, 42% of mothers were using the teaspoon followed by 30.0% using syringe to measure antibiotic doses. Moreover, 78% were giving the previously prescribed antibiotics without prescription. Furthermore, there was a highly statistically positive correlation found as regard mothers' education and their total score of practices (r=0.29, P=0.003). Also, statistically positive correlations were found between mothers' age, occupation, and residence and their total score of knowledge (r= 0.16, 0.25, 0.18, P=0.09, 0.01 and 0.008) respectively.

Conclusions: The majority of mothers had poor scores regarding the total score of oral antibiotics practices. Too, the errors during antibiotics administration were evident by mothers. So, the ministry of health should set a policy to limit un-prescribed antibiotics purchasing from pharmacy shops.
Illness Uncertainty in Parents of Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Pearce Caroline , Newman Stanton , Mulligan Kathleen
Published: March 2021

Objective

To gain a better understanding of uncertainty regarding the illness experienced by parents of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods

Parents/guardians of a child or young person (aged less than 18 years) diagnosed JIA were recruited in the United Kingdom via the National Rheumatoid Arthritis Society JIA group. Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with the parents.

Results

Twenty parents took part, including 19 mothers and one father. Their children with JIA were mostly female (n = 15; 75%) with polyarticular arthritis (n = 12; 60%), averaged 8 years of age, and had been diagnosed for a mean of 3.7 (SD 2.3) years. Parents expressed uncertainty in the following five key domains: diagnosis, cause, symptoms, and prognosis; medical management; impact; parenting uncertainty; and awareness of JIA. All participants expressed uncertainty in at least four of the five domains. Although parents’ uncertainty in the early stages of the disease related to lack of information and understanding of JIA, much uncertainty could not be resolved by receipt of information. These included concerns about their child’s future and a lack of support with managing the emotional aspects of living with JIA.

Conclusion

We found that parents’ experiences of uncertainty went beyond dealing with the purely medical aspects of JIA. Provision of information about JIA, although essential, is not sufficient to help parents manage the considerable uncertainty they experience about many aspects of their child’s JIA. Identifying ways to incorporate support for coping with uncertainty into routine care will be an important way of supporting parents to care for their child with JIA.
Polyaziridine‐Encapsulated Phosphorene‐Incorporated Flexible 3D Porous Graphene for Multimodal Sensing and Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Zahed Md Abu , Barman Sharat Chandra , Md. Sharifuzzaman  , Zhang Shipeng , Yoon Hyosang , Park Chani , Yoon Sang Hyuk , Park Jae Yeong
Published: March 2021

Heteroatom‐incorporated graphene represents a prominent family of materials utilized as active electrodes for multimodal sensing and energy storage applications. Herein, a novel polyaziridine‐encapsulated phosphorene (PEP)‐incorporated flexible 3D porous graphene (3DPG) electrode is developed using facile, cost‐effective laser writing, and drop‐casting techniques. Owing to the excellent electrochemical characteristics and surface functionality of the highly stable PEP, the fabricated PEP/3DPG is evaluated as a potential electrode for immunosensing, electrocardiogram (ECG) recording, and microsupercapacitors (MSCs). Under optimized conditions, the produced PEP/3DPG‐based carcinoembryonic immunosensor exhibits linear ranges of 0.1–700 pg mL−1 and 1–100 ng mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.34 pg mL−1 and high selectivity. The finger touch‐based ECG sensor demonstrates a relatively low and stable impedance at the skin‐electrode interface; therefore, the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the ECG signal received from the fabricated sensor (13.5 dB) is comparable to that of conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes (13.9 dB). Besides, the highest areal capacitance of the prepared MSC reached a magnitude of 16.94 mF cm−2, which is six times higher than that of a non‐doped 3DPG‐based MSC. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the described fabrication procedure and the high utilization potential of the encapsulated phosphorene‐doped 3D graphene in multimodal applications.
Direct Laser Patterning of a 2D WSe2 Logic Circuit
Authors: Zhu Chao , Zhao Xiaoxu , Wang Xiaowei , Chen Jieqiong , Yu Peng , Liu Song , Zhou Jiadong , Fu Qundong , Zeng Qingsheng , He Yongmin , Edgar James H. , Pennycook Stephen J. , Liu Fucai , Liu Zheng
Published: March 2021

Carrier doping is the basis of the modern semiconductor industry. Great efforts are put into the control of carrier doping for 2D semiconductors, especially the layered transition metal dichalcogenides. Here, the direct laser patterning of WSe2 devices via light‐induced hole doping is systematically studied. By changing the laser power, scan speed, and the number of irradiation times, different levels of hole doping can be achieved in the pristine electron‐transport‐dominated WSe2, without obvious sample thinning. Scanning transmission electron microscopy characterization reveals that the oxidation of the laser‐radiated WSe2 is the origin of the carrier doping. Photocurrent mapping shows that after the same amount of laser irradiation, with increasing thickness, the laser patterned PN junction changes from the pure lateral to the vertical‐lateral hybrid structure, accompanied by the decrease in the open circuit voltage. The vertical‐lateral hybrid PN junction can be tuned to a pure lateral one by further irradiation, showing possibilities to construct complex junction profiles. Moreover, a NOR gate circuit is demonstrated by direct patterning of p‐doped channels using laser irradiation without introducing passive layers and metal electrodes with different work functions. This method simplifies device fabrication procedures and shows a promising future in large scale logic circuit applications.
Manipulation of Stem Cells Fates: The Master and Multifaceted Roles of Biophysical Cues of Biomaterials
Authors: Wan Xingyi , Liu Zhirong , Li Linlin
Published: March 2021

Owing to their self‐renewal and differentiation ability, stem cells are conducive for repairing injured tissues, making them a promising source of seed cells for tissue engineering. The extracellular microenvironment (ECM) is under dynamic mechanical control, which is closely related to stem cell behaviors. During the design and fabrication of biomaterials for regenerative medicine, the physiochemical properties of the natural ECM should be closely mimicked, which can reinforce stem cell lineage choice and tissue engineering. By reproducing the biophysical stimulations that stem cells may experience in vivo, many studies have highlighted the key role of biophysical cues in regulation of cell fate. Optimization of biophysical factors leads to desirable stem cell functions, which can maximize the effectiveness of regenerative treatment. In this review, the main biophysical cues of biomaterials, including stiffness, topography, mechanical force, and external physical fields are summarized, and their individual and synergistic influence on stem cell behavior is discussed. Subsequently, the current progress in tissue regeneration using biomaterials is presented, which directs the design and fabrication of functional biomaterial. The mechanisms via which biophysical cues activate cellular responses are also analyzed. Finally, the challenges in basic research as well as for clinical translation in this field are discussed.
Noncontact All‐In‐Situ Reversible Reconfiguration of Femtosecond Laser‐Induced Shape Memory Magnetic Microcones for Multifunctional Liquid Droplet Manipulation and Information Encryption
Authors: Li Chuanzong , Jiao Yunlong , Zhang Yiyuan , Jiang Shaojun , Lv Xiaodong , Wu Sizhu , Li Jiawen , Hu Yanlei , Ye Jiaxin , Liu Kun , Wu Dong , Chu Jiaru
Published: March 2021

Shape memory polymers can change their shapes in a controlled way under external stimuli and thus promote the development of smart devices, soft robotics, and microfluidics. Here, a kind of iron particles (IPs) doped shape memory microcone is developed for noncontact all‐in‐situ reversible tuning between the tilted and upright state under near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation and magnetic field (MF) actuation. The magnetic microcones are simply fabricated by a laser‐ablated replica‐molding strategy so that their height can be precisely controlled by adjusting the laser machining parameters. In addition, it is found that the droplets can be transported unidirectionally on the tilted microcones, which is related to the variation of the adhesion force induced by the length of the triple contact line (TCL). Finally, other multifunctional applications have also been realized, such as, selective droplet release, information encryption, rewritable display, and reusable temperature switch. This work may provide a facile strategy for developing multiresponsive smart devices based on shape memory polymers.
Colloid‐Mediated Fabrication of a 3D Pollen Sponge for Oil Remediation Applications
Authors: Hwang Youngkyu , Ibrahim Mohammed Shahrudin Bin , Deng Jingyu , Jackman Joshua A. , Cho Nam‐Joon
Published: March 2021

There is tremendous interest in developing 3D scaffolds from natural materials for a wide range of healthcare, energy, photonic, and environmental science applications. To date, most natural materials that are used to make 3D scaffolds consist of fibril structures; however, it would be advantageous to explore the development of scaffolds from natural materials with distinct supramolecular structures. Herein, the fabrication of a mechanically responsive pollen sponge that exhibits tunable 3D scaffold properties and is useful for oil remediation applications is reported. By using pollen‐based microgel particles as colloidal building blocks, the sponge fabrication process is optimized by tuning the processing conditions during freeze‐drying and thermal annealing steps. Stearic acid functionalization transforms the pollen sponge into a hydrophobic scaffold that can readily and repeatedly absorb oil and other organic solvents from contaminated water sources, with similar performance levels to commercial, synthetic polymer‐based absorbents and an improved environmental footprint.
Time‐Dependent Phosphorescence Colors from Carbon Dots for Advanced Dynamic Information Encryption
Authors: Tan Jing , Li Qijun , Meng Shuai , Li Yuchen , Yang Jian , Ye Yunxia , Tang Zikang , Qu Songnan , Ren Xudong
Published: March 2021

The development of phosphorescent materials with time‐dependent phosphorescence colors (TDPCs) is of considerable interest for application in advanced dynamic information encryption. In this study, TDPC is realized in carbon dots (CDs) synthesized by the one‐pot hydrothermal treatment of levofloxacin. CD ink printed on paper (CD@paper) exhibits a change in phosphorescence color from orange to green, 1 s after irradiation with 395 nm light. However, when irradiated with wavelengths shorter or longer than 395 nm, the CD@paper exhibits only green or red phosphorescence, respectively. The red and green phosphorescence originates from the low‐energy surface oxide triplet state and high‐energy N‐related triplet state, respectively. When irradiated with a suitable light energy (around 395 nm wavelength), the two phosphorescent centers can be simultaneously activated, emitting red and green phosphorescence with different decay rates. The red and green phosphorescence merge into an orange phosphorescence initially, exhibiting the TDPC phenomenon. Based on the unusual phosphorescent properties of the CDs, a kind of multilevel, dynamic phosphorescence colored 3D code is designed for advanced dynamic information encryption.
Thermoregulating Separators Based on Phase‐Change Materials for Safe Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Zhifang , Hu Qiaomei , Guo Songtao , Yu Le , Hu Xianluo
Published: March 2021

Safety issues in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have aroused great interest owing to their wide applications, from miniaturized devices to large‐scale storage plants. Separators are a vital component to ensure the safety of LIBs; they prevent direct electric contact between the cathode and anode while allowing ion transport. In this study, the first design is reported for a thermoregulating separator that responds to heat stimuli. The separator with a phase‐change material (PCM) of paraffin wax encapsulated in hollow polyacrylonitrile nanofibers renders a wide range of enthalpy (0–135.3 J g−1), capable of alleviating the internal temperature rise of LIBs in a timely manner. Under abuse conditions, the generated heat in batteries stimulates the melting of the encapsulated PCM, which absorbs large amounts of heat without creating a significant rise in temperature. Experimental simulation of the inner short‐circuit in prototype pouch cells through nail penetration demonstrates that the PCM‐based separator can effectively suppress the temperature rise due to cell failure. Meanwhile, a cell penetrated by a nail promptly cools down to room temperature within 35 s, benefiting from the latent heat‐storage of the unique PCM separator. The present design of separators featuring latent heat‐storage provides effective strategies for overheat protection and enhanced safety of LIBs.
Dynamic Structural Colors Based on All‐Dielectric Mie Resonators
Authors: Wu Yunkai , Chen Yimu , Song Qinghai , Xiao Shumin
Published: March 2021

Structural color, which generates vivid colors via the geometrical arrangement of resonant nanostructures, can enhance the recyclability and mechanical stability of colors; structural colors have been intensively studied in recent years, owing to their high resolution, color purity, and stability compared to colors generated by dyes and pigments. Dielectric materials, which possess a suitably high refractive index and low loss in the visible range, are ideal materials for structural colors. However, the static optical performances of most structural colors impose restrictions on their applicability. This article reviews the fundamental physics of dielectric structural color procedures based on Mie resonance; furthermore, it highlights recent progress in tunable structural colors, focusing on their operation mechanisms and practical applications, including the geometric parameters of the nanostructures, optical parameters of the building materials and environments, and properties of the optical stimuli. This article is concluded by presenting an outlook on the future potential of structural colors, as well as the challenges that remain to be addressed.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Aza‐Michael Addition of Arylamines to 7‐Methide‐7H‐Indoles
Authors: Li Fushuai , Yang Zhihong , Yang Yanyan , Huang Qiuhong , Chen Xuling , Li Pengfei , Dong Mingxin , Li Wenjun
Published: March 2021

A chiral phosphorus acid catalyzed enantioselective 1,4‐conjugate addition of arylamines to in situ formed 7‐methylene‐7H‐indoles from 7‐indolylmethanols has been developed for the first time. Without additives, the catalytic protocol enabled the formation of 1,4‐adducts with a nitrogen‐containing tertiary carbon stereocenter in 66–96% yield with 70–89% ee under mild conditions.

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Photocatalytic ZnO Foams for Micropollutant Degradation
Authors: Tasso Guaraldo Thais , Wenk Jannis , Mattia Davide
Published: March 2021

Photocatalytic foams can concomitantly overcome the disadvantages of slurry and immobilized photocatalysts in water treatment. However, foams have, so far, been restricted to nanoparticles grafting onto inert foam substrates, with the consequent risk of nanoparticle release into the environment. In this work, self‐supporting, highly porous photocatalytic zinc oxide (ZnO) foams are produced using a combination of liquid templating and sintering for the first time. Systematic changes in sintering times and temperature affect the foams’ morphology and structure, in turn controlling their photocatalytic activity and stability. Sintering at 900 °C and decreasing sintering times from 20 to 6 h lead to a doubling in surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio and a 30% increase in pore diameter, resulting in a near doubling of the overall quantum yield and degradation kinetics. However, photocorrosion and Zn leaching increase markedly for the shortest sintering time. Optimal sintering conditions at 900 °C for 12 h yield foams capable of effectively degrading the model micropollutant carbamazepine under UV irradiation with high stability, showing no performance decrease over five irradiation cycles corresponding to 20 h of use. This study paves the way to producing self‐supporting, highly stable photocatalytic foams for the removal of organic micropollutants in water treatment.
Polydopamine/Ethylenediamine Nanoparticles Embedding a Photosynthetic Bacterial Reaction Center for Efficient Photocurrent Generation
Authors: Buscemi Gabriella , Vona Danilo , Ragni Roberta , Comparelli Roberto , Trotta Massimo , Milano Francesco , Farinola Gianluca Maria
Published: March 2021

Photoactive biohybrid soft nanoparticles are obtained by embedding the Rhodobacter sphaeroides Reaction Center (RC) in polydopamine (PDA) suspended aggregates and treating them with ethylenediamine (EDA). Such PDA:EDA@RC nanoparticles are investigated for photocurrent generation in photoelectrochemical cells, which are able to convert sunlight into electrical energy. The photosynthetic protein retains its structural and functional integrity in the nanostructures and the PDA:EDA@RC nanoparticles exhibit better water dispersity, improved light collection ability, and higher photocurrent generation compared to the PDA@RC precursors, where the reaction center is embedded in pure PDA. The hybrid soft nanoparticles incorporating the RC bacterial photoenzyme show charge separated state generation comparable to that of the pristine enzyme in solution, overcoming the main limitation of RC encapsulation in pure PDA, which is the polymer low light transmission ability. As a consequence, photocurrents obtained by RC within the PDA:EDA environment are almost doubled with respect to the PDA@RC. The biohybrid composites described here represent an interesting example of effective functional nanostructures for sunlight photoconversion based on a biological component addressed in a tunable biocompatible polymer composite, also showing the potential of fine chemical tailoring of polydopamine biointerfaces.
Metal‐Based Flexible Transparent Electrodes: Challenges and Recent Advances
Authors: Lu Xi , Zhang Yaokang , Zheng Zijian
Published: March 2021

Flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) with high optical transmittance, low sheet resistance, and high flexibility are critical and indispensable components of emerging flexible optoelectronic devices. Indium tin oxide (ITO), the major transparent conductive material used for optoelectronics nowadays, is not suitable for flexible applications because of its brittleness. In the past decade, researchers have developed a wide variety of new transparent conductive materials to replace ITO, among which metal‐based FTEs (m‐FTEs) including ultrathin metal films, metal nanowire networks, and metal meshes appear to be particularly promising. In this review, the authors summarize the major challenges of each type of metal‐based transparent materials and highlight the corresponding research strategies and remarkable achievements in recent years. In the following, the possibility of scalable production of such m‐FTEs from the perspective of the material choice and fabrication technology is discussed. Finally, the remaining challenges and the perspective of m‐FTEs are discussed.
Multifunctional Utilization of Pitch‐Coated Carbon Fibers in Lithium‐Based Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Ghosh Shuvajit , Bhattacharjee Udita , Patchaiyappan Sivaraman , Nanda Jagjit , Dudney Nancy J. , Martha Surendra K.
Published: March 2021

This work reports carbon fibers as an electrode material and current collector for dual‐carbon and lithium‐ion batteries. Fully graphitic and semigraphitic carbon fibers undergo anion intercalation beyond 4.5 V versus Li/Li+. Symmetric dual‐carbon full cells using a pitch‐coated fully graphitic carbon fiber mat as both cathode and anode delivers an energy‐density of 276 and 322 Wh kg−1 at 342 W kg−1 power density in the voltage range of 3.0–5.0 and 3.0–5.2 V, respectively. On the other hand, nongraphitic carbon fibers do not exhibit anion intercalation up to 5.2 V and can be used as a current collector. They also possess a larger number of Li+ storage sites in their randomly oriented microstructure when used as an anode. A lithium‐ion full cell with double carbon‐coated C‐LiFePO4 loaded on nongraphitic carbon fiber as a cathode and pitch‐coated nongraphitic carbon fiber as an anode exhibits 202.6 and 75.2 Wh kg−1 energy density at power densities of 46.75 W kg−1 and 11.7 kW kg−1, respectively in 2.0–3.5 V range. This pitch‐coated carbon fiber‐based battery configuration eliminates the need for metal foils and costly fluorinated binders, lowers overall weight of the cell, and is capable of sustaining mechanical stress and thermal shock.
The first adolescent case of Fraser syndrome 3, with a novel nonsense variant in GRIP1
Authors: Koprulu Mine , Kumare Aneeta , Bibi Anisa , Malik Sajid , Tolun Aslıhan
Published: March 2021

Fraser syndrome is characterized by cryptophthalmos, syndactyly and other autopod defects, and abnormalities of the respiratory and urogenital tracts. Biallelic variants in GRIP1 can cause Fraser syndrome 3 (FRASRS3), and five unrelated FRASRS3 cases have been reported to date. Four cases are fetuses with homozygous truncating variants. The remaining case is an almost 9‐year‐old Turkish girl compound heterozygous for a truncation variant and a possibly frame‐shift intragenic deletion. We present a 15.5‐year old Pakistani boy with homozygous truncating variant c.1774C>T (p.Gln592Ter). Of the hallmarks of the disease, the boy has cryptophthalmia, midface retrusion, very low anterior hairline, hair growth on temples extending to the supraorbital line and also on alae nasi, agenesis of right kidney, and cutaneous syndactyly of fingers and toes but no symptoms in any other organs, including lungs, anorectal system, genitalia, and umbilical system. This case is the oldest known individual with FRASRS3, and our findings show that a homozygous GRIP1 truncating variant can manifest with a non‐lethal phenotype than in the reported cases with such variants, expanding the phenotypic and mutational spectrum of GRIP1.
Plasma hydrogen sulfide: A biomarker of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
Authors: Disbrow Elizabeth , Stokes Karen Y. , Ledbetter Christina , Patterson James , Kelley Roger , Pardue Sibile , Reekes Tyler , Larmeu Lana , Batra Vinita , Yuan Shuai , Cvek Urska , Trutschl Marjan , Kilgore Phillip , Alexander J. Steven , Kevil Christopher G.
Published: March 2021

While heart disease remains a common cause of mortality, cerebrovascular disease also increases with age, and has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). We have described hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a signaling molecule important in vascular homeostasis, as a biomarker of cardiovascular disease. We hypothesize that plasma H2S and its metabolites also relate to vascular and cognitive dysfunction in ADRD. We used analytical biochemical methods to measure plasma H2S metabolites and MRI to evaluate indicators of microvascular disease in ADRD. Levels of total H2S and specific metabolites were increased in ADRD versus controls. Cognition and microvascular disease indices were correlated with H2S levels. Total plasma sulfide was the strongest indicator of ADRD, and partially drove the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and white matter lesion volume, an indicator of microvascular disease. Our findings show that H2S is dysregulated in dementia, providing a potential biomarker for diagnosis and intervention.
Spatially Selective Imaging of Cell–Matrix and Cell–Cell Junctions by Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Ding Hao , Zhou Ping , Fu Wenxuan , Ding Lurong , Guo Weiliang , Su Bin
Published: March 2021

Cell junctions are protein structures located at specific cell membrane domains that determine key processes in multicellular development. Here we report spatially selective imaging of cell junctions by electrochemiluminescence (ECL) microscopy. By regulating the concentrations of luminophore and/or co‐reactant, the thickness of ECL layer can be controlled to match with the spatial location of different cell junctions. At a low concentration of luminophore, ECL generation is confined to the electrode surface, thus revealing only cell–matrix adhesions at the bottom of cells. While at a high concentration of luminophore, the ECL layer can be remarkably extended by decreasing the co‐reactant concentration, thus allowing the sequential imaging of cell–matrix and cell–cell junctions at the bottom and near the apical surface of cells, respectively. This strategy not only provides new insights into the ECL mechanisms but also promises wide applications of ECL microscopy in bioimaging.
Synthetic Homogeneous Glycoforms of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Receptor‐Binding Domain Reveals Different Binding Profiles of Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Ye Farong , Zhao Jie , Xu Peng , Liu Xinliang , Yu Jing , Shangguan Wei , Liu Jiazhi , Luo Xiaosheng , Li Cheng , Ying Tianlei , Wang Jing , Yu Biao , Wang Ping
Published: March 2021

SARS‐CoV‐2 attaches to its host receptor, angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), via the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. The RBD glycoprotein is a critical target for the development of neutralizing antibodies and vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2. However, the high heterogeneity of RBD glycoforms may lead to an incomplete neutralization effect and impact the immunogenic integrity of RBD‐based vaccines. Investigating the role of different carbohydrate domains is of paramount importance. Unfortunately, there is no viable method for preparing RBD glycoproteins with structurally defined glycans. Herein we describe a highly efficient and scalable strategy for the preparation of six glycosylated RBDs bearing defined structure glycoforms at T323, N331, and N343. A combination of modern oligosaccharide, peptide synthesis and recombinant protein engineering provides a robust route to decipher carbohydrate structure‐function relationships.
Team‐Based Ultrasound Objective Structured Practice Examination (OSPE) in the Anatomy Course
Authors: Weiskittel Taylor M. , Lachman Nirusha , Bhagra Anjali , Andersen Kylie , St. Jeor Jeff , Pawlina Wojciech
Published: March 2021

The clinical use of ultrasound has dramatically increased, necessitating early ultrasound education and the development of new tools in ultrasound training and assessment. The goal of this study was to devise a novel low‐resource examination that tested the anatomical knowledge and technical skill of early undergraduate medical students in a gross anatomy course. The team‐based ultrasound objective structured practice examination (OSPE) was created as a method for assessing practical ultrasound competencies, anatomical knowledge, and non‐technical skills such as teamwork and professionalism. The examination utilized a rotation of students through four team roles as they scanned different areas of the body. This station‐based examination required four models and four instructors, and tested ultrasound skills in the heart, abdominal vessels, abdominal organs, and neck regions. A Likert scale survey assessed student attitudes toward the examination. Survey data from participants (n = 46) were examined along with OSPE examination grades (n = 52). Mean and standard deviations were calculated for examination items and survey responses. Student grades were high in both technical (96.5%). and professional (96.5%) competencies with structure identification scoring the lowest (93.8%). There were no statistical differences between performances in each of the body regions being scanned. The survey showed that students deemed the examination to be fair and effective. In addition, students agreed that the examination motivated them to practice ultrasound. The team‐based OSPE was found to be an efficient and student‐favored method for evaluating integrated ultrasound competencies, anatomical knowledge, team‐work, and professional attributes.
Waist circumference and a body shape index and prostate cancer risk and mortality
Authors: Jochems Sylvia H. J. , Wood Angela M. , Häggström Christel , Orho‐Melander Marju , Stattin Pär , Stocks Tanja
Published: March 2021

We recently found a negative association between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of localised prostate cancer (PCa), no association with advanced PCa, and a positive association with PCa‐specific mortality. In a 15% subpopulation of that study, we here investigated the measures of abdominal adiposity including waist circumference (WC) and A Body Shape Index (ABSI) in relation to PCa risk and mortality. We used data from 58,457 men from four Swedish cohorts to assess WC and ABSI in relation to PCa risk according to cancer risk category, including localised asymptomatic and symptomatic PCa and advanced PCa, and PCa‐specific mortality. Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During, on average, 10 years of follow‐up, 3290 men were diagnosed with PCa and 387 died of PCa. WC was negatively associated with the risk of total PCa (HR per 10 cm, 0.95; 95% CI 0.92–0.99), localised PCa (HR per 10 cm, 0.93, 95% CI 0.88–0.96) and localised asymptomatic PCa cases detected through a prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) test (HR per 10 cm, 0.87, 95% CI 0.81–0.94). WC was not associated with the risk of advanced PCa (HR per 10 cm, 1.02, 95% CI 0.93–1.14) or with PCa‐specific mortality (HR per 10 cm, 1.04, 95% CI 0.92–1.19). ABSI showed no associations with the risk of PCa or PCa‐specific mortality. While the negative association between WC and the risk of localised PCa was partially driven by PSA‐detected PCa cases, no association was found between abdominal adiposity and clinically manifest PCa in our population.
Screening for cancers with a good prognosis: The case of testicular germ cell cancer
Authors: Heijnsdijk Eveline A. M. , Supit Steven J. , Looijenga Leendert H. J. , de Koning Harry J.
Published: March 2021

Background

To determine, using testicular germ cell cancer screening as an example, whether screening can also be effective for cancers with a good prognosis.

Methods

Based on the Dutch incidence, stage distribution, and survival and mortality data of testicular germ cell cancer, we developed a microsimulation model. This model simulates screening scenarios varying in screening age, interval, self‐examination or screening by the general practitioner (GP), and screening of a defined high‐risk group (cryptorchidism). For each scenario, the number of clinically and screen‐detected cancers by stage, referrals, testicular germ cell cancer deaths, and life‐years gained were projected.

Results

Annual self‐examination from age 20 to 30 years resulted in 767 cancers detected per 100,000 men followed over life‐time, of which 123 (16%) by screening. In this scenario, 19.2 men died from the disease, 4.7 (20%) less than without screening, and 230 life‐years were gained. Around 14,000 visits to the GP and 2080 visits to an urologist were required. This scenario resulted in the most favorable ratio between extra visits to the GP or urologist and deaths prevented (1418 and 116 respectively). Monthly screening, or screening until age 40 resulted in less favorable ratios. Self‐examination by only the high‐risk population prevented 1.0 death per 100,00 men in the general population. In all scenarios, 46–50 life‐years were gained for each testicular germ cell cancer death prevented.

Conclusion

Despite the good prognosis, self‐examination at young ages for testicular germ cell cancer could be considered.
G‐Quadruplex Formation in a Putative Coding Region of White Spot Syndrome Virus: Structural and Thermodynamic Aspects
Authors: Vianney Yoanes Maria , Purwanto Maria Goretti M. , Weisz Klaus
Published: March 2021

White spot disease (WSD) is one of the most devastating viral infections of crustaceans caused by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). A conserved sequence WSSV131 in the DNA genome of WSSV was found to fold into a polymorphic G‐quadruplex structure. Supported by two mutant sequences with single G→T substitutions in the third G4 tract of WSSV131, circular dichroism and NMR spectroscopic analyses demonstrate folding of the wild‐type sequence into a three‐tetrad parallel topology comprising three propeller loops with a major 1 : 3 : 1 and a minor 1 : 2 : 2 loop length arrangement. A thermodynamic analysis of quadruplex formation by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicates a thermodynamically more stable 1 : 3 : 1 loop isomer. DSC also revealed the formation of additional highly stable multimeric species with populations depending on potassium ion concentration.
Surgical treatment of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection misdiagnosed as atrial septal defect underwent transcatheter occlusion: A case report
Authors: Han Chao , Liu Chun , Sun Xu , Pan Shiwei
Published: March 2021

This case highlights the importance of coordinating with cardiopediatricians or congenitalists in the evaluation and treatment of ASD.