bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Traditional Uses, Phytochemical Composition, and Antimicrobial Potential of Latex-Producing Plants in the Euphorbia Genus: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mishra Ananya , Parida Sagarika
Published: September 2023

The Euphorbia genus, ranking as the third largest among angiosperm plants, encompasses nearly 2026 species. The latex derived from these plants contains irritants to the skin and finds application in wart removal. Additionally, it serves as a source for crafting fish and arrow poisons. Literature substantiates the utilization of these plants in the treatment of diverse ailments including menstrual issues, diarrhea, colds, fevers, as well as an array of skin conditions such as warts, sores, boils, dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema, and sunburn. Moreover, they contribute to wound healing. Certain species within the Euphorbia genus, classified under Euphorbiaceae, exhibit properties as anti-herpetic and antitumor agents against polio, rhinoviruses, and coxsackievirus. In the realm of Ayurveda, specific plant latex from select species is employed in the preparation of surgical threads for Kshara sutra therapy. This Ayurvedic approach serves as a minimally invasive para-surgical procedure in the management of anorectal piles or fistula. Remarkably, various di- and tri-terpenes obtained from the latex exhibit robust antimicrobial activity against both bacterial and fungal strains. Moreover, the di-terpenoids sourced from Euphorbia species display anti-inflammatory properties along with noteworthy cytotoxic and anticancer activities. The focal objective of this review is to present a contemporary overview encompassing traditional applications, phytochemical constituents, and the antimicrobial potential of ten latex-producing plants within the Euphorbia genus.
Creep behavior of layered salt rock under triaxial loading and unloading cycles
Authors: Zhao Yanlin , Wang Xiaguang , Tang Wenyu , Li Yang , Lin Hang , Wang Yixian , Zhang Lianyang
Published: September 2023

This paper presents an extensive laboratory investigation of layered salt rocks under triaxial loading and unloading cycles aiming to better understand their viscoelastic plasticity strain characteristics. Specifically, creep curves were obtained from the triaxial loading and unloading tests and analyzed using the Burgers model. The microstructure of the layered salt rocks before and after the creep test was comparatively analyzed using the dry grinding optical diagram. The results show that the creep deformation of layered salt rocks is mainly viscoelastic under a low deviatoric stress and contains both viscoelastic and viscoplastic deformations when the deviatoric stress is high. With the increase of deviatoric stress, both the instantaneous elastic and plastic strains increase, and the increasing rate becomes lower as the deviatoric stress increases. The creep curves of layered salt rocks can be well represented with the Burgers model. Since the creep leads to fracturing and interlayer rupturing and producing new fluid seepage channels in layered salt rocks, this study has great value for understanding the long-term performance of gas and hydrocarbon liquid storage caverns in layered salt rock formation.
Why does Gen Z watch virtual streaming VTube anime videos with avatars on Twitch?
Authors: Li Yijin
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Live streaming has become an increasingly popular media, which allows individuals to record and broadcast simultaneously on the internet. Streamers, individuals who conduct live streaming videos, create diverse media content on live streaming video platforms. Most streamers show up with their real-person appearances via live streaming. However, Virtual YouTubers, known as VTubers, use avatars to conduct live streaming. In recent years, Twitch has become one of the most well-known video live streaming services for VTubers. This study aims to explore attractiveness between the viewer and VTuber through parasocial interactions, and the influence that attractiveness might have on actual mediated interactions between viewers and the VTuber.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire was conducted to study the attractiveness of VTubers’ live streaming and viewers’ engagement with VTubers.

Findings

Parasocial interactions can be a factor drawing viewers to watch VTubers’ live streaming. Physical attractiveness, social attractiveness, and task attractiveness play important roles in influencing viewers’ choices on specific VTuber’s live streaming and further social interactions with them. To be more specific, the interactions with VTubers, the content of live streaming, the personality of VTubers, and the visual design of the VTubers’ avatars are important factors that attract respondents to watch live streaming. Additionally, the findings show the pattern of viewers’ interactions with VTubers. Active viewers typically leave comments to be acknowledged by VTubers and further reactions. Passive viewers are influenced by time, language barrier, character, and emotional health.

Practical implications

VTubers and the platform are given suggestions on how to design and improve live streams and help VTubers to promote to attract viewers.

Social implications

It introduces VTubing as a subculture and shows how viewers consume VTubers’ live streaming.

Originality/value

This is the first study to explore the roles of attractiveness on viewers selecting and engaging with VTubers’ live streaming. It illustrates the importance of companionship, avatars, and the personality of VTubers in influencing viewers’ willingness to watch live streaming.
Novel emerging nano-assisted anti-cancer strategies based on the STING pathway
Authors: Li Xianghui , Wang Haoran , Chen Yuanyuan , Li Zhiyan , Liu Song , Guan Wenxian , Lin Youkun , Cao Cunwei , Zheng Wenjun , Wu Jinhui
Published: September 2023

Activation of simulator of interferon genes (STING), which induces the production of proinflammatory factors and immune effector cell activation, is considered a promising strategy for enhanced anti-cancer intervention. However, several obstacles prevent STING signaling in solid tumors, such as delivered molecules’ rapid degradation, restriction to tumor sites, insufficient intracellular concentrations, and low responsivity. Well-designed, multifunctional nano-formulations have emerged as optimized platforms for STING activation. Recently, a variety of nano-formulations have been developed and used in STING activation, thus facilitating immunotherapy in preclinical and clinical stages. Herein, we summarize recent advances in nanotechnology-based delivery, activation, and application strategies, which have advanced various aspects of immunotherapy. Novel STING agonists and their mechanisms in STING-activation-mediated tumor interventions are highlighted herein, to provide a comprehensive overview and discuss future directions for boosting immunotherapy via STING regulation.
Stimulus-Specific Prediction Error Neurons in Mouse Auditory Cortex
Authors: Audette Nicholas J. , Schneider David M.
Published: September 2023

Comparing expectation with experience is an important neural computation performed throughout the brain and is a hallmark of predictive processing. Experiments that alter the sensory outcome of an animal's behavior reveal enhanced neural responses to unexpected self-generated stimuli, indicating that populations of neurons in sensory cortex may reflect prediction errors (PEs), mismatches between expectation and experience. However, enhanced neural responses to self-generated stimuli could also arise through nonpredictive mechanisms, such as the movement-based facilitation of a neuron's inherent sound responses. If sensory prediction error neurons exist in sensory cortex, it is unknown whether they manifest as general error responses, or respond with specificity to errors in distinct stimulus dimensions. To answer these questions, we trained mice of either sex to expect the outcome of a simple sound-generating behavior and recorded auditory cortex activity as mice heard either the expected sound or sounds that deviated from expectation in one of multiple distinct dimensions. Our data reveal that the auditory cortex learns to suppress responses to self-generated sounds along multiple acoustic dimensions simultaneously. We identify a distinct population of auditory cortex neurons that are not responsive to passive sounds or to the expected sound but that encode prediction errors. These prediction error neurons are abundant only in animals with a learned motor-sensory expectation, and encode one or two specific violations rather than a generic error signal. Together, these findings reveal that cortical predictions about self-generated sounds have specificity in multiple simultaneous dimensions and that cortical prediction error neurons encode specific violations from expectation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAudette et. al record neural activity in the auditory cortex while mice perform a sound-generating forelimb movement and measure neural responses to sounds that violate an animal's expectation in different ways. They find that predictions about self-generated sounds are highly specific across multiple stimulus dimensions and that a population of typically nonsound-responsive neurons respond to sounds that violate an animal's expectation in a specific way. These results identify specific prediction error (PE) signals in the mouse auditory cortex and suggest that errors may be calculated early in sensory processing.
“The less said the soonest mended”
Authors: Griffith Jody
Published: September 2023

Jody Griffith, “‘The less said the soonest mended’: Time and Etiquette in The Way We Live Now” (pp. 142–163)

Anthony Trollope’s novels were usually popular, but his 1875 novel The Way We Live Now was an exception. Contemporary readers and critics alike considered the novel unpleasant, or even rude. This article argues that reception was not only a response to the novel’s unlikable characters, but also to its uncomfortable temporal disruptions. The novel’s frequently repeated maxim “the less said the soonest mended” connects saying too much with incivility; to say less means to move quickly back to the status quo. The novel says “too much” by slowing down the present moment into its fragmented parts. The “now” in the title The Way We Live Now emphasizes the temporality of its narrative form, especially the tension of stabilizing a discrete present moment within the forward momentum of a novel. The instability of the “now” is a thematic focus of the novel, with characters unsettled by changing etiquette expectations. Similarly, as timelines slow down and speed up, skip ahead and reverse, the novel leaves us as temporally disoriented as the characters.
Development of electronic forms of money circulation as a basic trend of fintech
Authors:   Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Zakharchenko Volodymyr
Published: September 2023

The importance of developing such electronic forms of money circulation as cashless money, electronic money, Internet banking transactions, virtual local currencies, virtual money, digital currency of the central bank is emphasized. The main stages in the development of electronic forms of money circulation have been traced. The level and prospects of development of electronic forms of money circulation in Ukraine on the basis of financial technologies (fintech) are evaluated. The important role of those types of activities of fintech companies that directly affect the development of electronic forms of money circulation is noted, namely: payments and money transfers, mobile wallets, cryptocurrencies and neobanks. It is shown that these activities provide a transition to a cashless economy, and therefore their accelerated development is the basic trend of fintech.
European Experience of Increasing International Tourist Flows to Transcarpathia by Creating Excursions and Animation Tours in the Castle Hotels
Authors:   Odesa National University of Technology, Liganenko Margaryta , Shekera Svitlana ,   Odesa National University of Technology
Published: September 2023

The work proposes adopting the European experience of creating a hotel economy based on a castle or fortification historical fund; a similar Ukrainian experience was also considered. To implement the proposed adventure, the tourist potential of castle tourism in Transcarpathia was analyzed, which made it possible to formulate proposals for developing the hotel sector near castles or on the territory of castles. It was also proposed to increase, change, or adapt some tourist services, such as animation programs and excursions for castle guests who survived our time. These measures aim to increase tourist flows, not only domestic tourism but also international.
Innovative Technologies of the Digital Economy as a Direction of Investment in the Development of Ukraine
Authors:   Odesa Polytechnic National University, Niekrasova Liubov , Polishchuk Anastasiia ,   Odesa Polytechnic National University, Denysiuk Olga ,   Institute of Innovative Education of Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture
Published: September 2023

The article examines the issue of innovative financial technologies in the context of the digital economy. The leading foreign experience of investing in fintech companies was analyzed, and the dynamic development of financial technologies was proven based on the analysis of statistical data. The main features of fintech companies are revealed. Quantitative and qualitative methods (the method of discounted cash flows, the first Chicago method and the Berkus method) of company value estimation, which are better than others, are able to take into account the peculiarities of the fintech industry, are considered. It has been proven that the optimal valuation method for mature fintech companies is the discounted cash flow method and the first Chicago method. A qualitative assessment of the Ukrainian fintech startup was also carried out using the Berkus method.
Trends in the Development of Business Structures in Ukraine
Authors:   Odesa Polytechnic National University, Frolova Larysa , Kotov Bohdan ,   Odesa Polytechnic National University
Published: September 2023

The indicators of the activity of business structures in Ukraine for 2010-2020 were studied, namely: the dynamics of the number of active economic entities, the volume of products sold and the number of employed workers; the dynamics of the number of operating business structures by size and types of economic activity; the dynamics of the number of employed employees of entrepreneurial structures by size and types of economic activity; dynamics of the volume of products (goods, services) sold by business entities by type of economic activity. The main trends in the development of business structures are formulated: increasing the role of small and medium-sized business entities in the formation of the economy of Ukraine; provision of the majority of jobs by small and medium-sized enterprises; growth in the number of business entities operating in the field of information and telecommunications. The activity of small and medium-sized enterprises during the martial law was studied. The main problems of the development of business structures because of the full-scale war in Ukraine have been identified.
Kanjuruhan Football Match Chaos: Media and Law Enforcement in Indonesia
Authors: Saputri Atha Difa
Published: September 2023

Football is a sport that is liked by many people. The game of football has fans with the name of each fan written on it. The method of writing in this research is descriptive qualitative research that aims to describe, and summarize various conditions, various situations, or various phenomena of social reality that exist in the community that is the object of research, and seeks to draw these realities to the surface as characteristics, character, nature, a model, sign, or description of a particular condition, situation, or phenomenon.The presence of supporters makes football matches more memorable and dynamic. Fan support for their favorite team often leads to over-the-top attitude. Fanaticism causes friction between different supporters. This friction led to the birth of violence among supporters. Even killed hundreds of people and injured hundreds of people. In this article, we will discuss the chronology of the Kanjuruhan incident, the parties responsible for this incident, and some of the solutions offered. As a result of this article, the Kanjuruhan incident killed 131 people and injured hundreds of others. There must be someone responsible for this heartbreaking incident and so far only six suspects have been named. Therefore, a solution is needed to prevent this incident from happening again. The solutions offered are increased literacy that must be carried out by several parties, the addition of a security team, the parties must comply with all the rules on the playing field. For victims who suffered serious injuries, all treatment has been borne by the government, and for victims who died, several parties provided compensation by the victim's family as a form of condolence.
Integrated Responsibility Due to Mining Activities to Environmental Crisis: Capturing Pers Opinion in Environmental Issues
Authors: Syahputra Bearlly Deo
Published: September 2023

This article was written so that investors could examine the obligations of the central government, territorial legislatures, financial backers, and the general public as a result of mining exercises during natural disasters. To recognize ecological justice, aggregate awareness must be demonstrated and acknowledged. Additionally, a lack of ecological issues can lead to multi-aspect emergencies like an increase in financial disparities and a decline in environmental quality. Ecological security is mandated by the 1945 Republic of Indonesia Constitution in Article 33 Paragraph 4, which takes into account carrying capacity standards and natural knowledge that is proportional to the people's economy. The methodology of this paper is qualitative. It deals with the legal problems that are happening right now. Green businesses have not yet been fully recognized by specific regulations. As a result, achieving a sense of fairness and legal certainty as a legitimate and desirable development will encourage the region to switch to control, long-term investments as a means of addressing the environmental crisis. It is everyone's responsibility to lessen the negative effects of mining investments in Indonesia, particularly on the environment.
Legal Protection for Victims of Wrongful Arrest and Persecution by Investigators (Case Study of Badia Raja Situmorang)
Authors: Arifin Wandi
Published: September 2023

Law enforcement by the police often raises public attention, one of which is the various cases of wrongful arrest by the police. In fact, many related studies have shown that cases of wrongful arrests have the potential to violate various human rights. This study aims to analyze the legal protection for victims of wrongful arrests in the Badia Raja Situmorang case. This study uses a normative juridical approach, with the support of victimization criminology studies. This study finds and confirms that in relation to cases of wrongful arrest, various legal rules can be used, starting from the Human Rights Law, the Child Protection Law, the Criminal Procedure Law, to the Witness and Victim Protection Act. At the investigation stage in the Badia case, the victim experienced physical violence, resulting in a violation of the investigation procedures carried out.
Social Media as an Effective Solution to Dealing with Violations of the Professional Code of Ethics: An Overview of Violations of the Police Code of Ethics
Authors: Alamsyah Feiruz Rachmita , Putra Bara Setiadi
Published: September 2023

The legal profession plays a crucial role in upholding justice and maintaining public order. It is the responsibility of legal professionals, including the police, to carry out their duties with integrity and high ethical standards. The code of ethics for the legal profession sets out the expected standards of behavior for its members. However, in practice, police officers often violate these ethical guidelines. In this paper, the author employs the normative legal research method, which examines legal rules from a vertical or horizontal perspective. The normative legal research method utilized in this paper adopts a normative juridical approach, focusing on the relevant laws and regulations. To address violations of the code of ethics by the police, the Professional and Security Division of the Indonesian National Police (referred to as Propam Polri) has established social media platforms for citizens to report complaints. As discussed earlier, citizens are required to submit a documented report when filing complaints. Effective complaint handling mechanisms are vital in addressing violations of the legal profession's code of ethics on social media. It is important to have clear internal policies, secure channels for lodging complaints, independent investigations, appropriate sanctions, and procedures for improvement and ongoing monitoring. By implementing such mechanisms, legal practitioners can uphold the integrity and ethical standards of their profession in their use of social media. Furthermore, appropriate consequences can be applied for any violations of the code of ethics that occur.
The Urgency of Regulations on Waste Management in Indonesia
Authors: Simamora Esther Evelyn , Junuudhizbulloh Alfin
Published: September 2023

ndonesia already has Law No. 18 of 2008 on Waste Management and its derivative regulations. However, the condition and need for waste management regulations continues to grow so the regulation is currently not in accordance with the development of waste management needs in Indonesia. In various Final Processing Sites (Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir), there has been some erosion due to being unable to accommodate existing garbage. The purpose of this research is to analyze the shortcomings of existing regulations and provide revised suggestions to the regulations. This research method uses normative research methods. The result of the analysis is that the regulation on waste management that currently exists is not comprehensive enough to regulate waste management. Waste management guidelines are technically submitted to the Regional Regulations causing uneven regulations and the implementation of these regulations is also inadequate. In Singapore, the waste management process is handled by the National Environment Agency and has the full support from the Government. The waste management process in Singapore is done by collecting waste with a special truck and then recycling and burning with an integrated system. Based on those problems, the laws and regulations related to waste management must be changed. In the preparation of the revision, Indonesia needs to learn from various other countries that already have a good system, such as Singapore. This is because the existing rules have not been able to regulate the entire waste management process. This rule needs to be prepared starting from the smallest scope, namely the scope of households, then from garbage carriers in the village scope, to the management at the Final Processing Site (TPA). The existence of regional autonomy to set their own waste management rules is not wrong. However, it is necessary to add compelling rules in the management that apply nationally.
Settlement of Default by the Debtor and Liability of the Creditor in the Pledge Agreement
Authors: Pyarrani Dilla , Sari Tiara Puspita , Karlina Wina
Published: September 2023

The condition of people who are experiencing difficulties in the economic field, credit with collateral is needed by community and is the right choice by the community in meeting their needs as an addition to business capital and to meet their daily needs. The purpose of this study to explain the phenomena that occur in debt-receivable agreements with pledged guarantees, the phenomenon that is the existence of customers who are in default. Customers also need to know the responsibilities of a creditor. Research approach with normative juridical analysis. The legal basis for a pawn agreement is regulated by Article 1150 of the Civil Code (Burgelijjk Weetboek). A pawn agreement arises by a legal relationship between debts that are guaranteed to be repaid with movable objects, so that the pawned goods are in the hands of the creditor. Regarding this matter, the creditor must maintain the collateral that was pawn by the debtor. While the debtor is obliged to pay debts to creditors. If one of the parties does not fulfil its obligations, then parties has failed to comply with the agreement. The results from the study show that the legal consequence of debtors who have defaulted are cancellation of agreements and risk transfer. While the responsibility carried out due to the negligence of the creditor on the pawned object is by same item, repair the object and etc in accordance with the negligence that occurred.
Analysis of the Issuance of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law (PERPPU) Number 2 Year 2022 in the Perspective of Law Formation Politics
Authors: Zulwisman Zulwisman , Diegio Muhammad Haikal
Published: September 2023

This study aims to examine and analyze the issuance of government regulations in lieu of law (Perppu) no. 2 of 2022 in the political perspective of forming laws. PERPPU is in the form of a Government Regulation (PP), the substance of which is the same as the Law. As a legal product in a material sense, the House of Representatives is tasked with closely monitoring the PERPPU that is issued and enforced. The research method used is normative juridical with statutory, conceptual and comparative approaches. The results of the discussion of this research are based on the Constitutional Court Decision Number 91/PUU XVIII/2020, the conditions listed in the preamble, taking into account the Government Regulation in Lieu of Perppu Law Number 2 of 2022 Concerning Job Creation, and the political climate considering the tiered stages of the 2024 Pilkada , it is determined that with the issuance of PERPPU Number 2 of 2022 Concerning Job Creation, the three conditions set forth in the Constitutional Court Decision have been fulfilled.
Citizens Lawsuit: Development And Its Implementation In Environmental Law Enforcement In Indonesia (Case Study: High Court Decision No. 549/Pdt/2022/PT DKI Concerning Citizens Lawsuit for DKI Jakarta Air Pollution)
Authors: Uz Zaman Muhamad Nafi
Published: September 2023

Citizen lawsuit as a form of lawsuit in enforcing environmental law has already been applied several times in judicial practice in Indonesia. However, the citizen lawsuit mechanism does not yet have specific rules, so the detailed provisions have not been determined either. This raises questions about the development and application of citizen lawsuits in environmental law enforcement in Indonesia and their relevance to citizen participation in environmental preservation. This paper aims to analyze and provide an overview of the challenges and opportunities for citizen lawsuits in Indonesia by taking into account existing practices. The results of the study show that citizen lawsuits are a concrete form of public participation in enforcing environmental law, because they are based on the public interest. In addition, there are challenges to implementing citizen lawsuits that must be studied in more depth, including: the scope which is still limited in the absence of regulations or negligence of government action, the maximum period of time when CLS can be filed, the effect of government lawsuits/indictments on matters being sued in CLS and the executive power of the CLS decision.
Factors Causing The Rise Of Early Childhood Marriage In Indonesia In Terms Of The Marriage Law
Authors: Farhan Afif
Published: September 2023

This research is motivated by the rise of early marriage that has occurred recently, marriage at age is a national and international problem, where this study aims to find out what are the factors that make underage marriage still common in Indonesia. The method used by the author in compiling this article is the normative method, namely by collecting secondary legal material that is in harmony with the writing of this article. The factors that influence the occurrence of early childhood marriage arise from internal and external factors, besides that the empty space in the provisions of Article 7 of Law 16/2019 is also used by those who are already married, the government and elements of society including religious tokhs, traditional leaders, and students should take part in improving the mindset of the community towards underage marriage,  In addition, the author also suggests revising the provisions of articles in the marriage law because underage marriage is very vulnerable for the bride and groom.
The Legal Challenges to Regulate New Energy in Indonesia :A Context of Green Legislation Vs State Control
Authors: Harris Rahadyan Fajar , Wahyuni Indria , Prihatiningtyas Wilda
Published: September 2023

The Legislation of Indonesian New Energy and Renewable Energy Law (RUU EBET) received a negative response from various circles of society and academia. Main concept of the EBET Bill as green legislation is expected could encourage the energy transition and low-carbon development by reducing fossil energy and increasing the role of renewable energy. However, the internalization of new energy sources in the formulation of the EBET Bill, which is a product of fossil energy derivatives, is considered to hinder the energy transition process, so it is encouraged to be abolished. Nevertheless, the academic paper of the EBET Bill actually reveals that there is a national interest that is also urgent to be regulated in the EBET Bill, which is state control of new energy sources whose governance is still unclear. Therefore, this paper aims to explain the juridical conflict in the position of the EBET Bill as green legislation and at the same time as an instrument of state control over natural resources. The method used is normative juridical with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of the research show that the EBET Bill should have two complementary goals, namely mitigating climate change through accelerating the energy transition and managing new energy sources that are still not organized in an orderly manner. The two goals are not to contradict one another, but serve as mutually reinforcing roadmaps.

Keywords EBET Bill, Green Legislation, New Energy Source, New Energy, State Control.
The Role of Students as Legal Assistants in Litigation Assistance Activities in the Community
Authors: Abdurrozaq Muhammad Wafa , Mahendra Hazlam Roy
Published: September 2023

Students is an entity of agent of change. The role of students in carrying out legal assistance is one of service in the community, considering that students are agents of change. Legal, both written and unwritten, of course, is to bring justice in the body of society. The problem factor that is often an obstacle in the realization of justice in society is limitation or limited access to legal services, in this case lawyers or advocates due to economic factors and the factor of the public's grain of legal assistance. This must certainly be addressed to students as an agent of change who is able to bring change by becoming a legal assistant or legal companion in providing legal services to the community. If justice in society is realized, it will allow each layer of society to get the opportunity to develop its entire potential. Based on this, this article aims to review (1) How the role of students as Legal Assistants in community assistance activities; (2) What is expected from litigation assistance activities in the community from the perspective of students and the community. Where in relation, law students can participate in serving the community and have the opportunity to develop the potential they have in the field of law, as well as applying the knowledge they get during the classroom learning process.
Exclusive Economic Zone: Contemporary Law of the Sea Fisheries Regulations
Authors: Toni Toni , Kusuma Winanda , Kurnia A Cery , Anwar Muhamad syaiful , Sari Rafiqa
Published: September 2023

The sea as an important area in a country must be able to be maintained both for state sovereignty and respect for sovereign rights. This is regulated in the jurisdiction of the territorial sea regime which applies sovereignty and the EEZ regime which applies sovereign rights. This research analyzes the background of agreements on international regulation of the sea and the utilization of fisheries which are also regulated in international law. The current international law of the sea only strictly regulates regional regimes and territorial jurisdiction, while the nature of fisheries cannot follow this. This research method is normative where international fisheries law arrangements still do not exist. The vacuum of international norms is only filled by weak international agreements and their implementation cannot be forced. The history of the current international law of the sea shows that the basis of the agreement is only related to territory and respect for maritime law in the form of international customs. It needs to be understood that the sea as a natural area must be used in a sustainable manner and also must not violate, so the marine potential, especially fisheries, needs to be agreed with strict sea area regulations and optimal utilization within the framework of the welfare and sustainability of marine ecosystems.
Correlation between Pro-Environmental Behavior and Environmental Values of Female Pre-Service Science Teachers in Indonesia
Authors: Sulaeman N. F. , Nuryadin A. , Dinurrohmah S. , Subagiyo L. , Andrianto E.
Published: September 2023

In contrast with the global trend of male domination in science and technology, Indonesia’s pre-service science teacher program is widely attracted to female students. This study aims to investigate the correlations between pre-service science teachers’ pro-environmental behaviors (PEB) and values toward the environment through one-time cross-sectional survey studies. Information was collected from a sample of the predetermined population at one point, followed by correlational studies designed to explore the correlations between the variables under study. The questionnaire consists of three aspects of PEB (preservation, utilization, and appreciation) and four aspects of value (biospheric, altruistic, egoistic, and hedonic). A total of 273 female pre-service science teachers enrolling in four public universities in Indonesia participated through an online questionnaire. The purposive sampling method was chosen to constitute the sample of this study. In order to analyze the data collected, descriptive statistics and correlation tests were utilized. According to the results, it can be concluded that pre-service science teachers held good environmental behaviors and values. The aspects of preservation and appreciation have a positive correlation, while utilization is negative. The four aspects of value are all at high levels, as is their correlation. This result indicates that female pre-service science teachers have positive behavior and value toward the environment. Moreover, the pre-service science teacher program should encourage understanding and behavior toward the environment to prepare future science lessons more aligned with the environment.
The Turning Point: Scientific Creativity Assessment and Its Relationship with Other Creative Domains in First Year Secondary Students
Authors: Pont-Niclòs I. , Martín-Ezpeleta A. , Echegoyen-Sanz Y.
Published: September 2023

Research on creativity, as well as its application to the education field and its assessment at the different educational stages, have been of increasing interest over the past decades in different countries. In this context, this study aims to evaluate performance in scientific creativity and its relationship with other creativity domains (linguistic and general creativity) of Spanish first-year secondary students. This is a key moment both from the point of view of the change in educational level and a critical age in cognitive developments associated with creativity. The research was carried out using a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional design. Data was collected using previously validated tests. Results revealed a moderate-to-low performance for the scientific domain, as well as for the linguistic one and for general creativity. In addition, positive correlations have been found between all the studied domains of creativity. Nevertheless, this correlation was stronger between both scientific creativity dimensions (daily and specific). This research shows the scarce creative competence of students at the early stage of secondary education and gives evidence about the multicomponent nature of creativity. The need for the inclusion of creative teaching strategies at the secondary education level via transdisciplinary approaches is discussed.
Revealing Student Murder Cases: How Criminology and Criminal Law See this Phenomenon?
Authors: Syah Ary Muktian , Sinambela Erland Regif Kristian
Published: September 2023

In this writing, the author takes the murder case against DS Students of the Indonesian Art Institute (ISI) in Yogyakarta which was carried out by YF for analysis. The victim group consisted of a total of six people using two-wheeled vehicles who came from the west and met about two to five perpetrators in the Sewers, Mataram. When they passed each other, the two groups did not want to give in to each other and a fight broke out between the two groups. The bickering continued until the perpetrator finally challenged the group of victims to a fight and then the victim was stabbed by the perpetrator, namely YF. The method used by the author is a research method with a normative juridical method with a case approach approach, the author uses several references as legal material to analyze the object of writing. This paper discusses the Role of Criminal Law in Overcoming the Crime of Murder of ISI that occurred in Yogyakarta and the Position of Victims of Murder of ISI in the Study of the Criminal Law of Murder in Positive Law and According to Victimological Studies. The conclusion of this paper is that the law has various functions and objectives to be achieved. Indonesia is a state of law, in Indonesia there is a Criminal Code which regulates various crimes, especially murder.
Higher Education and Sexual Violence: Affirming the Rights of Victims in Indonesian Legal System
Authors: Djawie Muh. Fauzan Anbarha S , Pakan Vierre Dharma
Published: September 2023

Sexual Violence Crimes are all acts that meet the elements of a criminal act as regulated in this Law and other acts of sexual violence as regulated in the Law as long as it is stipulated in this Law. Sexual violence is one of the crimes of sexual violence that often occurs in Indonesian society and even in the world. Sexual violence does not only occur in the public sphere but often occurs in the family sphere. Where family and home should be the safest shelter, but the bad things actually come from home and family. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the victimization study of the protection for victims of sexual violence that often occurs. From the victim herself, the lack of courage to tell about the sexual violence that has been experienced is one of the obstacles to proceeding the case to the authorities. The feeling of not being brave is also influenced by the community's thinking that victims of sexual violence are a disgrace. In juridical considerations, the judge looks for criminal elements and then looks at the facts at trial, how the victim decides what will happen to the victim and the perpetrator. Psychological trauma to the victim must also be healed even if he is a long-term worker with the help of psychologists and psychiatrists.
How Can Samapta Patrol Prevent Criminal Acts of Theft?
Authors: Prihayati Veronica Yulis , Wijaya I Wayan Widia
Published: September 2023

Maraknya aksi tindak pidana pencurian dengan pemberatan di Kabupaten Tegal telah menimbulkan keresahan bagi masyarakat Kabupaten Tegal, untuk itu Polri  melakukan pencegahan melalui kegiatan patroli yang dilakukan oleh Unit Patroli Satuan Samapta Polres Tegal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi optimalisasi patroli samapta dalam mencegah tindak pidana pencurian dengan pemberatan di Polres Tegal dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode field research. Kepustakaan konseptual meliputi: konsep optimalisasi, konsep pencurian dengan pemberatan, konsep pencegahan kejahatan, konsep patroli, dan teori manajemen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aksi tindak pidana pencurian dengan pemberatan banyak terjadi pada malam hari dengan modus merusak pintu, jendela, dan ternit. Dalam pelaksanaan patroli samapta dalam mencegah tindak pidana pencurian dengan pemberatan mengedepankan jenis patroli dialogis dengan mengoptimalisasikan patroli yang telah dilaksanakan yaitu menggunakan strategi dialogis yang dalam pelaksanaannya patroli dilakukan bersama dengan Polsek jajaran, penambahan personil dari unit-unit lain, dan menggunakan inovasi GTMCC (Galawi Traffic Management Command Center), serta adanya program reward dan punishment. Faktor-faktor  yang mempengaruhi yaitu oleh faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal di antaranya yaitu kurangnya jumlah dan kualitas personil, kurangnya dukungan anggaran BBM dan perbaikan kendaraan, rute beat selalu sama, sasaran patroli yang belum sesuai dengan perkembangan tindak pidana curat, sedangkan faktor eksternal belum adanya koordinasi dan kerja sama dengan fungsi terkait maupun masyarakat untuk mendukung pelaksanaan patroli, sehingga pelaksanaan patroli oleh Unit Patroli Satuan Samapta Polres Tegal dalam mencegah tindak pidana pencurian dengan pemberatan masih belum optimal.
The Existence of Digital Platforms and the Challenges in Enforcement of Indonesian Competition Law
Authors: Jusmadi Rhido
Published: September 2023

The existence of digital platforms has created a revolutionary change in the competition law system. Its existence as a multisided platform that is conceptually different from conventional economic platforms requires special understanding. The business competition law enforcement authorities see that the multisided character causes the efficiency and consumer welfare approach to be insufficiently applied to business competition law cases involving digital platforms. So, an alternative approach is needed, namely the principle of fairness, to answer challenges in enforcing business competition law.
Osteoporosis and vascular calcifications
Authors: Martini Nancy , Streckwall Lucas , McCarthy Antonio Desmond
Published: September 2023

In post-menopausal women, aged individuals, and patients with diabetes mellitus or chronic renal disease, bone mineral density (BMD) decreases while the vasculature accumulates arterial calcifications (ACs). AC can be found in the tunica intima and/or in the tunica media. Prospective studies have shown that patients with initially low BMD and/or the presence of fragility fractures have at follow-up a significantly increased risk for coronary and cerebrovascular events and for overall cardiovascular mortality. Similarly, patients presenting with abdominal aorta calcifications (an easily quantifiable marker of vascular pathology) show a significant decrease in the BMD (and an increase in the fragility) of bones irrigated by branches of the abdominal aorta, such as the hip and lumbar spine. AC induction is an ectopic tissue biomineralization process promoted by osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells as well as by local and systemic secreted factors. In many cases, the same regulatory molecules modulate bone metabolism but in reverse. Investigation of animal and in vitro models has identified several potential mechanisms for this reciprocal bone–vascular regulation, such as vitamin K and D sufficiency, advanced glycation end-products–RAGE interaction, osteoprotegerin/RANKL/RANK, Fetuin A, oestrogen deficiency and phytooestrogen supplementation, microbiota and its relation to diet, among others. Complete elucidation of these potential mechanisms, as well as their clinical validation via controlled studies, will provide a basis for pharmacological intervention that could simultaneously promote bone and vascular health.
Análisis de la Organización de la Escuela Rural en Andalucía: Problemática y Propuestas para un Desarrollo de Calidad
Authors: Hinojo Francisco Javier , Raso Francisco , Hinojo María Angustias
Published: September 2023

La escuela rural en España, y muy especialmente en Andalucía, ha demandado, desde tiempos inmemoriales, un tratamiento más equitativo tanto por parte de la administración pública como de la comunidad educativa. Con una identidad propia, asignada mediante una cultura popular de atraso, indiferencia y un urbanocentrismo radical, el medio rural organiza sus centros educativos con estrategias muy particulares de gestión que otorgan peculiaridades muy especiales a la acción formativa. Carente de los servicios sociales más elementales, y con un profesorado que tiene que hacer un importante esfuerzo profesional, debido a las exigencias didácticas y de itinerancia que tiene el ejercicio de la docencia en este contexto, precisa de algunas estrategias de mejora de calidad que, gracias a la investigación, se ponen de manifiesto en el presente trabajo.Descriptores: Escuela rural, colegio público rural, identidad, problemática, aulas multigraduadas. Organizational Analysis of Rural Schools in Andalusia: Problems and Proposals for a Quality DevelopmentRural schools in Spain, and very especially in Andalusia, have demanded, since time immemorial, a more fair treatment. With its own identity, assigned thanks to a popular culture of backwardness, indifference and a radical urban – centered tendency, the rural environment organizes its schools with very characteristic management strategies that grant very special distinctive features to teaching. Lacking in the most elementary public services, and with teachers who have to make considerable professional efforts, due to the specific requirements existing in this context, it requires some strategies for the improvement in quality that, thanks to scientific research, we make clear in this article. Keywords: Rural school, state rural school, identity, problems, multigrade classrooms.