bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis on gut flora diversity and intestinal metabolites in SuHx mice
Authors: Abudukeremu Asimuguli , Aikemu Ainiwaer , Yang Tao , Fang Lei , Aihemaitituoheti Adilai , Zhang Yupeng , Shanahaiti Daliya , Nijiati Yiliyaer
Published: August 2024

Objective

Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) poses a significant challenge due to its limited therapeutic options and high mortality rates. The ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis plays a pivotal role in regulating blood pressure and inhibiting myocardial remodeling. However, the precise mechanistic links between the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis and PAH remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the involvement of the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis in the development of PAH.

Methods

PAH was induced in mice using Sugen5416/hypoxia, PAAT/PET ratio and PA were detected using cardiac ultrasound; inflammation related factors such as MCP-1, TNF, IL-10and IL-12p70 were detected in intestines using cytometric bead array (CBA) kits; histopathological and morphological changes in lung and intestinal tissues were assessed via HE staining and Masson staining to evaluate the progression of PAH. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were employed to determine the expression levels of two tight junction proteins, occludin and ZO-1, in intestinal tissues. Additionally, 16rRNA sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics by LC-MS/MS techniques were utilized to investigate the impact of the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis on microbial diversity and metabolomics of intestinal contents.

Results

Activation of the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis improves heart function, reduces intestines inflammatory factors and ameliorates pathological and histological alterations in SuHx mice. This activation notably upregulated the expression of occludin and ZO-1 proteins in intestinal tissues and promoted the proliferation of SCFA-producing bacteria genera, such as g_Candidatus_Saccharimonas. Furthermore, it enhanced the abundance of beneficial metabolites, including tryptophan and butyric acid.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that modulation of the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis can alleviate PAH by regulating intestinal microbes and metabolites. These results highlight the potential of the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis as a promising therapeutic target for clinical management of PAH.
Neglected role of microelements in determining soil microbial communities and fruit micronutrients in loquat orchards
Authors: Wang Xianting , Wang Li , Wu Bibo , Yuan Zhaofeng , Zhong Yingying , Qi Lin , Wang Miao , Wu Yuping , Ge Tida , Zhu Zhenke
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The relationships among microelements and soil microbial communities are essential for understanding the maintenance of soil's ecological functions and their effects on fruit quality in orchards. However, these relationships have not been adequately studied, despite the importance of microelements for the growth of microorganisms and plants.

Methods

To address this research gap, we investigated the relationships among microelements (K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu), the diversity and composition of soil microbiomes, and fruit quality in loquat orchards.

Results

We found that microelements explained more variations in microbial community structures than geographic position, basic soil properties, and macroelements, with 19.6–42.6% of bacterial, 4.3–27.7% of fungal, and 5.9–18.8% of protistan genera significantly correlated with microelements. Among the microelements, AMg and ACu were the most influential in determining the soil microbiome. The soil microbes exhibited varied threshold values for environmental breadth among the microelements, with the broadest range for AMg and the narrowest for AZn. Additionally, the microbes showed significant phylogenetic signals for all microelements, with an increasing divergence of soil microelements. The dominant community assembly shifted from homogeneous selection to stochastic, and then to heterogeneous selection. Moreover, microelements and the microbiome were the top two factors individually explaining 11.0 and 11.4% of fruit quality variation, respectively.

Discussion

These results highlight the importance of microelement fertilization in orchard management and provide scientific guidance for improving fruit quality.
Temporal summation does not predict the acupuncture response in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain
Authors: Baeumler Petra , Schäfer Margherita , Möhring Luise , Irnich Dominik
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Previously, we had observed that immediate pain reduction after one acupuncture treatment was associated with high temporal summation of pain (TS) at a pain free control site and younger age in a mixed population of chronic pain patients. The aim of the present study was to verify these results in chronic non-specific low back pain (LBP) and to collect pilot data on the association between TS and the response to an acupuncture series.

Methods

TS at a pain free control site (back of dominant hand) and at the pain site was quantified by the pin-prick induced wind-up ratio (WUR) in 60 LBP patients aged 50 years or younger. Response to one acupuncture treatment was assessed by change in pain intensity and pressure pain threshold (PPT) at the pain site. The primary hypothesis was that a high TS (WUR > 2.5) would be associated with a clinically relevant reduction in pain intensity of at least 30%. In study part two, 26 patients received nine additional treatments. Response to the acupuncture series was assessed by the pain intensity during the last week, the PPT and the Hannover functional ability questionnaire (FFbH-R).

Results

An immediate reduction in pain intensity of at least 30% was frequent irrespective of TS at the control site (low vs. high TS 58% vs. 72%, p = 0.266). High TS at the pain site was also not significantly associated with a clinically relevant immediate reduction in pain intensity (low vs. high TS 46% vs. 73%, p = 0.064). The PPT was not changed after one acupuncture treatment. Study part two did not reveal a consistent association between TS at the control site and any of the outcome measures but also a trend toward a higher chance for a clinically relevant response along with low TS at the pain site.

Conclusion

Our results do not suggest an important role of TS for predicting a clinically important acupuncture effect or the response to a series of 10 acupuncture treatments in patients with chronic non-specific LBP. Overall high response rates imply that acupuncture is a suitable treatment option for LBP patients irrespective of their TS.
The relationship between the ratio of the supraspinatus muscle thickness measured by ultrasound imaging and glenohumeral subluxation in stroke patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Xie Hualong , Zhang Qing , Zhan Jiawen , Dong Jige , Chen Jing , Kang Guoxin , Liu Huilin , Huang Qiuchen , Zhu Liguo , Onoda Ko , Maruyama Hitoshi , Liu Shan , Huo Ming
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Glenohumeral subluxation (GHS) is a common complication in stroke patients with hemiplegia, occurring in approximately 17–81% of cases. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between shoulder muscle thickness and the degree of subluxation using ultrasound imaging.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 61 stroke patients with hemiplegia was conducted, measuring supraspinatus muscle thickness, deltoid muscle thickness, and acromion-greater tuberosity (AGT). Logistic regression and ROC analyses were used. ROC curves, calibration plots, and decision curves were drawn on the training and validation sets.

Results

According to logistic regression analysis, the ratio of supraspinatus muscle thickness was statistically significant (OR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.70–0.92; p < 0.01), and it was an independent factor for evaluating the presence or absence of GHS. An AUC of 0.906 (95% CI, 0.802–1.000) was found in the training set; meanwhile, the AUC in the validation set was 0.857 (95% CI, 0.669–1.000), indicating good performance. According to the training set ROC curve, the most effective statistical threshold was 93%, with a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 96%.

Discussion

The ratio of supraspinatus muscle thickness is a valuable criterion for evaluating GHS risk, supporting targeted rehabilitation interventions.
Modifying Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology with photobiomodulation: model, evidence, and future with EEG-guided intervention
Authors: Lim Lew
Published: August 2024

This manuscript outlines a model of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) pathophysiology in progressive layers, from its genesis to the development of biomarkers and then to symptom expression. Genetic predispositions are the major factor that leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent amyloid and tau protein accumulation, which have been identified as hallmarks of AD. Extending beyond these accumulations, we explore a broader spectrum of pathophysiological aspects, including the blood–brain barrier, blood flow, vascular health, gut-brain microbiodata, glymphatic flow, metabolic syndrome, energy deficit, oxidative stress, calcium overload, inflammation, neuronal and synaptic loss, brain matter atrophy, and reduced growth factors. Photobiomodulation (PBM), which delivers near-infrared light to selected brain regions using portable devices, is introduced as a therapeutic approach. PBM has the potential to address each of these pathophysiological aspects, with data provided by various studies. They provide mechanistic support for largely small published clinical studies that demonstrate improvements in memory and cognition. They inform of PBM’s potential to treat AD pending validation by large randomized controlled studies. The presentation of brain network and waveform changes on electroencephalography (EEG) provide the opportunity to use these data as a guide for the application of various PBM parameters to improve outcomes. These parameters include wavelength, power density, treatment duration, LED positioning, and pulse frequency. Pulsing at specific frequencies has been found to influence the expression of waveforms and modifications of brain networks. The expression stems from the modulation of cellular and protein structures as revealed in recent studies. These findings provide an EEG-based guide for the use of artificial intelligence to personalize AD treatment through EEG data feedback.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of rimegepant for on-demand acute treatment of migraine in China
Authors: Tian Shuo , Yang Yuping , Tan Shenglan , Luo Jiani , Yang Chuanyu , Liu Qiao , Guo Yujin
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study assesses the cost-effectiveness of rimegepant for the on-demand acute treatment of migraine in the Chinese population, focusing on headache relief within a 2 h timeframe. Utilizing data from Phase III clinical trials on rimegepant involving Asian populations, this analysis aims to provide essential insights for healthcare decision-making in the context of migraine management in China.

Patients and methods

Employing a decision tree model, this research evaluates the cost-effectiveness of rimegepant over a concise 2 h period, exclusively considering its direct market price of 219.00 CNY per dose for on-demand, single-use treatment upon approval in China. This model is based on pain relief outcomes from a clinical trial, categorizing health outcomes by the achievement of pain freedom and alleviation from the most bothersome symptom within two hours post-administration.

Results

The study unveils that rimegepant adds 0.0018 quality-adjusted life days (QALD) with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of 122,166.07 CNY/QALD. Against a daily cost-effectiveness threshold derived from the 2023 per capita GDP of China (734.45 CNY/day), rimegepant falls short of proving its cost-effectiveness. A significant price reduction to approximately 1.32 CNY per dose is required for rimegepant to be considered cost-effective within this framework. Furthermore, a series of sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate the robustness of these results.

Conclusion

While rimegepant shows clinical efficacy in providing rapid relief from migraine symptoms, its current pricing exceeds the threshold for cost-effectiveness in the Chinese healthcare setting. This study underscores the need for price adjustments to enhance the accessibility and economic viability of new migraine treatments.
Anti-seizure medication prescription preferences: a Moroccan multicenter study
Authors: Naji Yahya , Hrouch Wafa , Laadami Sara , Adali Nawal
Published: August 2024

Background

The management of epilepsy is mainly based on antiseizure medications (ASMs). More than 20 ASMs have been introduced in clinical practice, providing a multitude of prescription choices. To date, there are no published data on the trends in ASMs prescriptions in Morocco. Therefore, we conducted a survey among practicing neurologists in seven tertiary referral hospitals in Morocco to study the current ASMs prescription preferences and their modifying factors.

Methods

Our descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was based on a survey sent between January and April 2022 to neurologists practicing in seven tertiary referral hospitals in Morocco. Information regarding the prescription of ASMs was collected using an exploitation form and analyzed using the SPSS version 13 software.

Results

Based on questionnaire responses, our results showed that Valproic acid (96.3%) and Lamotrigine (59.8%) were the two most prescribed ASMs for generalized seizure types. For focal seizure types, Carbamazepine (98.8%) and Levetiracetam (34.1%) were the most commonly prescribed drugs, whereas for combined focal and generalized seizure types, the combination of Valproic acid and Carbamazepine (38.55%) was the most prescribed. Phenobarbital was the most commonly prescribed ASM for status epilepticus (40.2%). These prescription preferences were mainly due to seizure types, cost, health insurance coverage, years of experience, and additional epileptology training (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our results show a shift in the prescription of ASMs in Morocco. Similar to many other countries, valproic acid and carbamazepine are considered the first-line treatments for generalized and focal seizure types. Some factors remain as major challenges in enhancing epilepsy management in Morocco.
Is bone mineral density in middle-aged and elderly individuals associated with their dietary patterns? A study based on NHANES
Authors: Runting Huang , Qingyue Luo , Yining Yuan , Huiyu Shu , Shu Yang , Xixi Feng
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Bone mineral density (BMD) is a crucial index for predicting fracture risk and diagnosing osteoporosis. With the global rise in osteoporosis prevalence, understanding the relationship between dietary patterns and BMD is vital for public health. This study aimed to explore the association between various dietary patterns and BMD among adults using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Methods

Data were analyzed from 8,416 NHANES participants aged 40 years and older across three non-consecutive survey cycles from 2013 to 2020. Dietary patterns were identified using a combination of factor analysis and cluster analysis. BMD measurements were then assessed, and associations with the identified dietary patterns were analyzed, with adjustments made for demographic variables.

Results

The analysis identified three distinct dietary patterns: “Low protein-High Dietary fiber-Vitamin A-Magnesium (LP-HDF-Vit A-Mg)”, “High macronutrient-Choline-Selenium (HM-Cho-Se)”, and “Low macronutrient-Vitamin D-Calcium (LM-Vit D-Ca)”, and then we found that women, older adults, and certain ethnic groups were at higher risk for low BMD. Participants adhering to the “HM-Cho-Se” and “LP-HDF-Vit A-Mg” dietary patterns exhibited significantly higher BMD compared to those following the “LM-Vit D-Ca” pattern. After adjusting for demographic variables, the “HM-Cho-Se” pattern remained positively associated with BMD, while the “LM-Vit D-Ca” pattern showed no significant association with BMD or the risk of low BMD.

Discussion

The findings suggest that adherence to the “HM-Cho-Se” dietary pattern may reduce the risk of low BMD, indicating potential synergies between these nutrients for bone health. However, the study has limitations, including the cross-sectional design and potential subjectivity in factor analysis. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies involving diverse age groups to better understand the causal relationship between dietary patterns and BMD. Despite these limitations, the study highlights the importance of dietary factors in maintaining bone health and suggests potential dietary interventions to reduce the risk of low BMD and osteoporosis.
Valorization of fish from the Adriatic Sea: nutritional properties and shelf life prolongation of Aphia minuta through essential oils
Authors: Marino Rosaria , Albenzio Marzia , della Malva Antonella , Racioppo Angela , Speranza Barbara , Bevilacqua Antonio
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to exploit the nutritional and microbiological qualities of Aphia minuta, which are still largely unknown; they are collected from Golfo di Manfredonia (Adriatic Sea). Chemical composition, fatty acids, and amino acid profiles were evaluated during winter, spring, and summer (two samples each season). The protein content was highest in spring, while no significant differences were found for fat and ash contents across all sampling periods. Fatty acid profile analyses revealed that monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were affected by the sampling season. Notably, the value of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased in spring and summer compared to the winter season. The highest content of essential amino acids was measured during the spring and summer seasons (P < 0.01), with leucine and lysine being the most dominant. Regardless of the fishing season, from a nutritional point of view, this species is an excellent source of bioactive compounds. This study also focused on the microbiological quality and shelf life of Aphia minuta. Initially, the bioactivity of three different essential oils (thymol, lemon, and citrus extract) was tested on Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. These essential oils were then combined with various packaging materials (conventional, maize starch, and polylactate) and packaging atmosphere (air, vacuum, and a modified atmosphere with reduced oxygen content). The results indicated that combining citrus extract with vacuum packaging significantly reduced the psychrotrophic viable count to undetectable levels after 7 days. This study suggests some important considerations for exploiting and expanding the market of the Aphia minuta.
A prognostic nomogram for patients with HR+ mucinous breast carcinoma based on the SEER database and a Chinese cohort study
Authors: Fang Huiying , Yue Jian , Li Hongzhong , Luan Tiankuo , Wang Pin , Ren Guosheng
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The study aimed to develop a nomogram model for individual prognosis prediction in patients with hormone receptors positive (HR+) mucinous breast carcinoma (MBC) and assess the value of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in this context.

Methods

A total of 6,850 HR+ MBC patients from the SEER database were identified and randomly (in a 7:3 ratio) divided into training cohorts and internal validation cohorts. 77 patients were enrolled from the Chongqing University Cancer Hospital as the external validation cohort. Independent risk factors affecting overall survival (OS) were selected using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, and nomogram models were constructed and validated. A propensity score matching (PSM) approach was used in the exploration of the value of NAC versus adjuvant chemocherapy (AC) for long-term prognosis in HR+ MBC patients.

Results

Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed 8 independent prognostic factors: age, race, marital status, tumor size, distant metastasis, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The constructed nomogram model based on these 8 factors exhibited good consistency and accuracy. In the training group, internal validation group and external validation group, the high-risk groups demonstrated worse OS (p<0.0001). Subgroup analysis revealed that NAC had no impact on OS (p = 0.18), or cancer specific survival (CSS) (p = 0.26) compared with AC after PSM.

Conclusions

The established nomogram model provides an accurate prognostic prediction for HR+ MBC patients. NAC does not confer long-term survival benefits compared to AC. These findings provide a novel approach for prognostic prediction and clinical practice.
Anticonvulsant effect of glycitin in pentylenetetrazol induced male Wistar rat model by targeting oxidative stress and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling
Authors: Hakimi Naeini Saghi , Rajabi-Maham Hassan , Azizi Vahid , Hosseini Abdolkarim
Published: August 2024

Epilepsy, characterized by recurrent seizures, poses a significant health challenge globally. Despite the availability of anti-seizure medications, their adverse effects and inadequate efficacy in controlling seizures propel the exploration of alternative therapeutic measures. In hypothesis, glycitin is a phytoestrogenic compound found in soybeans and due to its estrogenic properties may have anti-epileptic and neuroprotective effects. This study investigates the potential anti-epileptic properties of glycitin in the context of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced seizures in male Wistar rats. The rats were pretreated with varying doses of glycitin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) before PTZ (35 mg/kg) administration, and assessments included behavioral observations and histological evaluation via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Additionally, oxidative stress markers, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, were quantified to examine glycitin’s impact on oxidative stress. Molecular analysis was conducted to assess the activation of the Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2)/Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) signaling pathway. Results indicated that glycitin pretreatment effectively mitigated PTZ-induced convulsive behaviors, supported by histological findings from H&E staining. Furthermore, glycitin administration led to significant alterations in MDA, GPx, and SOD levels, suggestive of its ability to modulate oxidative stress. Notably, glycitin treatment induced activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. These findings underscore the potential of glycitin as an anticonvulsant agent, elucidating its mechanism of action through histological protection, modulation of oxidative stress markers, and activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and biological activities of Psidium guajava in the treatment of diarrhea: a review
Authors: Liu Chengmei , Jullian Valérie , Chassagne François
Published: August 2024

Psidium guajava: is a tropical tree that is widely used in traditional medicine, especially for treating diarrhea. While P. guajava has been the subject of numerous reviews, none have specifically examined its ethnobotany, pharmacology, and phytochemistry in relation to its antidiarrheal activity. This review aims to summarize the evidence of effectiveness and safety of P. guajava in the treatment of diarrhea. Literature searches were conducted through Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect by using keywords “Psidium guajava” and “diarrhea” in October 2022. A total of 189 studies were included in this review. P. guajava is widely used in traditional medicine in 44 countries. Decoction and oral were the most represented method of preparation and administration, respectively, while leaves represented the most frequently cited part of the plant. Around 27 antidiarrheal or antibacterial compounds have been isolated and identified, including benzophenone glycosides, terpenes, polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids. This article presents ethnobotanical and pharmacological evidence for the efficacy of P. guajava leaves in the treatment of diarrhea and provides reference information for further investigation of this plant. However, despite the large number of publications on the topic, there are still some questions to answer: are quercetin and its glycosides the only ones to act as antidiarrheal agents? What is the mechanism of action of P. guajava antidiarrheal compounds? are the use of guava leaves safe in all types of populations including children, and at what dosage? To answer these questions, more complete phytochemical studies and systematic clinical trials are needed.
Preliminary screening of biomarkers and drug candidates in a mouse model of β-thalassemia based on quasi-targeted metabolomics
Authors: Guo Xianfeng , Zhang Xuchao , Li Min , Peng Yuanliang , Wang Zi , Liu Jing
Published: August 2024

Background

β-thalassemia (β-TH) is a hereditary hemolytic anemia that results in deficient hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis. It is characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis, anemia, splenomegaly, and systemic iron overload. Exploration new potential biomarkers and drug candidates is important to facilitate the prevention and treatment of β-TH.

Methods

We applied quasi-targeted metabolomics between wild type (Wt) and heterozygous β-TH mice (Th3/+), a model of non-transfusion-dependent β-TH intermedia, in plasma and peripheral blood (PB) cells. Futher data was deeply mined by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genomes (KEGG) and machine algorithms methods.

Results

Using KEGG enrichment analysis, we found that taurine and hypotaurine metabolism disorders in plasma and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism disorders in PB cells. After systematically anatomize the metabolites by machine algorithms, we confirmed that alpha-muricholic acidUP and N-acetyl-DL-phenylalanineUP in plasma and Dl-3-hydroxynorvalineUP, O-acetyl-L-serineUP, H-abu-OHUP, S-(Methyl) glutathioneUP, sepiapterinDOWN, and imidazoleacetic acidDOWN in PB cells play key roles in predicting the occurrence of β-TH. Furthermore, Sepiapterin, Imidazoleacetic acid, Methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside and alpha-ketoglutaric acid have a good binding capacity to hemoglobin E through molecular docking and are considered to be potential drug candidates for β-TH.

Conclusion

Those results may help in identify useful molecular targets in the diagnosis and treatment of β-TH and lays a strong foundation for further research.
Multi-locus genome-wide association study for phosphorus use efficiency in a tropical maize germplasm
Authors: Zeffa Douglas Mariani , Júnior Luiz Perini , de Assis Rafael , Delfini Jéssica , Marcos Antoni Wallace , Koltun Alessandra , Baba Viviane Yumi , Constantino Leonel Vinícius , Uhdre Renan Santos , Nogueira Alison Fernando , Moda-Cirino Vania , Scapim Carlos Alberto , Gonçalves Leandro Simões Azeredo
Published: August 2024

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for maize (Zea mays L.) growth and development. Therefore, generating cultivars with upgraded P use efficiency (PUE) represents one of the main strategies to reduce the global agriculture dependence on phosphate fertilizers. In this work, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed to detect quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN) and potential PUE-related candidate genes and associated traits in greenhouse and field trials under contrasting P conditions. The PUE and other agronomy traits of 132 maize inbred lines were assessed in low and normal P supply through the greenhouse and field experiments and Multi-locus GWAS was used to map the associated QTNs. Wide genetic variability was observed among the maize inbred lines under low and normal P supply. In addition, we confirm the complex and quantitative nature of PUE. A total of 306 QTNs were associated with the 24 traits evaluated using different multi-locus GWAS methods. A total of 186 potential candidate genes were identified, mainly involved with transcription regulator, transporter, and transference activity. Further studies are still needed to elucidate the functions and relevance of these genes regarding PUE. Nevertheless, pyramiding the favorable alleles pinpointed in the present study can be considered an efficient strategy for molecular improvement to increase maize PUE.
Comparative histopathology of virulent and avirulent Meloidogyne javanica populations on susceptible and resistant tomato plants
Authors: Gabriel Márcia , Santos Marcilene F. A. , Mattos Vanessa S. , Gomes Ana Cristina M. M. , de Almeida Sheila F. , Castagnone-Sereno Philippe , Boiteux Leonardo S. , Cares Juvenil E. , Carneiro Regina M. D. G.
Published: August 2024

The Mi-1.2 gene confers resistance to a wide range of Meloidogyne species, being the most important resistance factor employed in tomato breeding so far. However, many aspects related to the interaction of Mi-1.2-carrying tomato cultivars and virulent/avirulent Meloidogyne populations have not yet been clarified. Herein, comparative histopathological analyses were carried after inoculation of the homozygous (Mi-1.2/Mi-1.2) tomato rootstock ‘Guardião’ and the susceptible cultivar ‘Santa Clara’ (mi-1.2/mi-1.2) with virulent and avirulent populations of M. javanica. In the susceptible control, it was possible to visualize second stage juveniles (J2) of avirulent population and feeding sites from 2 to 30 days after infection (DAI) with females reaching maturity at 24-34 DAI. In the resistant rootstock, the Mi-1.2 gene-mediated resistance was related mainly to early defense responses (pre-infection and hypersensitive reaction), which led to an immunity-like phenotype that completely prevented the reproduction of the avirulent Meloidogyne population. On the other hand, J2s of the virulent M. javanica population were able to penetrate roots much more than the avirulent population, migrated and developed normally, showing intense and similar pattern of penetration from 4 to 34 DAI in the root tissues of both resistant and susceptible tomato genotypes. The total numbers of J2, J3, J4, and females counted in ‘Santa Clara’ for the virulent population of M. javanica were higher than in ‘Guardião’.
Effect of a Bacillus velezensis and Lysinibacillus fusiformis-based biofertilizer on phosphorus acquisition and grain yield of soybean
Authors: Vitorino Luciana Cristina , da Silva Elias José , Oliveira Marilene Silva , Silva Isabella de Oliveira , Santos Lorraine da Silva , Mendonça Maria Andréia Corrêa , Oliveira Thais Cristina Sousa , Bessa Layara Alexandre
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria that function through acidification (organic acid synthesis) or mineralization (production of enzymes such as phytase and phosphatases) have been explored as a biotechnological alternative to enhance plant access to phosphorus (P) retained in organic and inorganic forms in agricultural soils. This study tested the hypothesis that applying a biofertilizer composed of a recognized phosphate-solubilizing bacterium (Bacillus velezensis – endophytic strain BVPS01) and an underexplored plant growth-promoting bacterium (Lysinibacillus fusiformis – endophytic strain BVPS02) would improve the growth and grain yield of Glycine max L. plants.

Methods

Initial in vitro tests assessed the functional traits of these bacteria, and a mix of strains BVPS01 and BVPS02 was produced and tested under field conditions to evaluate its agronomic efficiency.

Results

The results confirmed the hypothesis that the tested biofertilizer enhances the agronomic performance of G. max plants in the field. The B. velezensis strain (BVPS01) was found to be more effective than the L. fusiformis strain (BVPS02) in solubilizing phosphates via the phosphatase enzyme production pathway, indicated by the expression of the phoC and phoD genes. In contrast, L. fusiformis was more effective in solubilizing phosphates through organic acid and phytase-related pathways, in addition to synthesizing indole-3-acetic acid and increasing the mitotic index in the root meristem of G. max plants. These strains exhibited biological compatibility, and the formulated product based on these rhizobacteria enhanced root development and increased the number of nodules and flowers, positively affecting 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and grain P content.

Discussion

Thus, the tested biofertilizer demonstrated potential to improve root growth and increase both the yield and quality of soybean crops, making it a sustainable and low-cost strategy.
Functional genomics identifies a small secreted protein that plays a role during the biotrophic to necrotrophic shift in the root rot pathogen Phytophthora medicaginis
Authors: Coles Donovin W. , Bithell Sean L. , Jeffries Thomas , Cuddy William S. , Plett Jonathan M.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Hemibiotrophic Phytophthora are a group of agriculturally and ecologically important pathogenic oomycetes causing severe decline in plant growth and fitness. The lifestyle of these pathogens consists of an initial biotrophic phase followed by a switch to a necrotrophic phase in the latter stages of infection. Between these two phases is the biotrophic to necrotrophic switch (BNS) phase, the timing and controls of which are not well understood particularly in Phytophthora spp. where host resistance has a purely quantitative genetic basis.

Methods

To investigate this we sequenced and annotated the genome of Phytophthora medicaginis, causal agent of root rot and substantial yield losses to Fabaceae hosts. We analyzed the transcriptome of P. medicaginis across three phases of colonization of a susceptible chickpea host (Cicer arietinum) and performed co-regulatory analysis to identify putative small secreted protein (SSP) effectors that influence timing of the BNS in a quantitative pathosystem.

Results

The genome of P. medicaginis is ~78 Mb, comparable to P. fragariae and P. rubi which also cause root rot. Despite this, it encodes the second smallest number of RxLR (arginine-any amino acid-leucine-arginine) containing proteins of currently sequenced Phytophthora species. Only quantitative resistance is known in chickpea to P. medicaginis, however, we found that many RxLR, Crinkler (CRN), and Nep1-like protein (NLP) proteins and carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) were regulated during infection. Characterization of one of these, Phytmed_10271, which encodes an RxLR effector demonstrates that it plays a role in the timing of the BNS phase and root cell death.

Discussion

These findings provide an important framework and resource for understanding the role of pathogenicity factors in purely quantitative Phytophthora pathosystems and their implications to the timing of the BNS phase.
The Sahel on the edge of the abyss? Why U.S. counterterrorism engagement has failed to achieve its goal?
Authors: Zhu Yuan , Gao Wanni
Published: August 2024

The United States has emerged as a prominent actor in the international fight against transnational terrorism in the Sahel region of Africa since 2002, exerting significant political influence on regional affairs. Under the leadership of the United States, a coalition of Sahel countries has collaboratively established security programs, notably including the Trans-Saharan Counterterrorism Partnership (TSCTP). However, the U.S. counterterrorism strategy in the Sahel region has not only proven ineffective in containing the deterioration of regional security, but also has exacerbated the vulnerability to coups in recipient countries. The observed deterioration can be attributed to various driving factors, such as deviations in the willingness and ability to involve and the security traffic jam. We contend that the U.S.-Sahel counterterrorism partnership is fundamentally misaligned and plagued by a securitization problem. Firstly, a significant impediment to international cooperation lies in the United States’ pursuit of consolidating its dominant role in Sahel security affairs, which usually overlooks the pragmatic principle of ‘African solutions to African problems’. In the counterterrorism process, there is a misalignment between U.S. national interests and those of Sahel states. Furthermore, the United States’ extensive reliance on military strategies indicates a significant securitization of non-violent civil affairs in certain Sahel states, inadvertently creating an opportunity for genuine terrorist organizations to recruit members. In addition, U.S. interference in the internal affairs of Sahel states heightens the risk of coups, thereby undermining the legitimacy of U.S. leadership in the region. Currently, with both the withdrawal of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) and France withdrawing their security forces from the Sahel region, there has a significant weakening effect on regional security capabilities. Therefore, it is imperative for the international community to collaborate with African nations and adopt more proactive measures to safeguard regional security and maintain order.
The smallest things make me emotional! Emotion reactivity in non-suicidal self-injury: trait, state, and physiological differences
Authors: Jankowski Melissa S. , Legasse Aubrey J. , Marques Victoria , Delcourt Meaghan L. , Haigh Emily A. P.
Published: August 2024

Objective

The current study sought to clarify the role of emotion reactivity in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) by examining three forms of emotion reactivity (physiological and self-reported trait and state reactivity) among a sample of young adults with or without a history of NSSI.

Materials and methods

Seventy-six adults (Mage = 20.97, 73.7% female) participated in a semi-structured clinical interview to determine NSSI history and completed a measure of trait emotion reactivity. Participants then provided state emotion reactivity ratings before and after a social rejection task, recovery period, and positive mood induction while physiological data was continuously recorded.

Results

Although individuals with a history of NSSI perceived themselves to be more emotionally reactive, these participants were not more physiologically reactive, nor were their state reactivity ratings significantly different from individuals without a history of NSSI.

Discussion

Results suggest increased emotionality in response to a stressor is within normal bounds and not unique to individuals with a history of NSSI, and provide implications for future research on the etiology and treatment of NSSI.
Network pharmacology- and molecular docking-based investigation on the mechanism of action of Si-ni San in the treatment of depression combined with anxiety and experimental verification in adolescent rats
Authors: Li Zhiping , Liang Shimin , Cui Xulan , Shen Chongkun , Xu Zaibin , Chen Wei , Wu Mingan , Liang Chao , Liu Jinman , Huang Jiawen , Li Weirong
Published: August 2024

Background

The incidence rate of adolescent depression and anxiety has been increasing since the outbreak of COVID-19, which there are no effective therapeutic drugs available. Si-ni San is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of depression-like as well as anxiety-like behavior, but its mechanism for treating depression combined with anxiety during adolescence is not yet clear.

Methods

Network pharmacology was used to explore potential drug molecules and related targets, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were used to evaluate the interaction between the potential drug molecules and related targets, and a model of anxiety combined with depression in adolescent rats as well as the following behavioral tests and molecular biology tests were used to verify the results from network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Results

As a result, 256 active ingredients of Si-ni San and 1128 potential targets were screened out. Among them, quercetin, Luteolin, kaempferol, 7-Methoxy-2-methyl isoflavone, formononetin showed to be the most potential ingredients; while STAT3, IL6, TNF, AKT1, AKT1, TP53, IL1B, MAPK3, VEGFA, CASP3, MMP9 showed to be the most potential targets. AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, IL-17 signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway, which are involved in anti-inflammation processes, showed to be the most probable pathways regulated by Si-ni San. Molecular docking and MD simulation between the compounds to inflammation-associated targets revealed good binding abilities of quercetin, Luteolin, kaempferol, nobiletin and formononetin to PTGS2 and PPARγ. In the experiment with adolescent rats, Si-ni San markedly suppressed early maternal separation (MS) combined with adolescent chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression combined with anxiety. The qPCR results further indicated that Si-ni San regulated the oxidative stress and inflammatory response.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that adolescent anxiety- and depression-like behavior induced by MS combined CUMS can be ameliorated by Si-ni San by improved inflammation in hippocampus via targeting TNF pathway and Nrf2 pathway, helping to reveal the mechanism of Si-ni San in treating adolescent depression combined with anxiety.
Evaluation of easy-to-implement anti-stress interventions in a series of N-of-1 trials: study protocol of the anti-stress intervention among physicians study
Authors: Vetter Valentin Max , Kurth Tobias , Konigorski Stefan
Published: August 2024

Background

Adverse effects of chronically high levels of stress on physical and mental health are well established. In physicians, the effects of elevated stress levels exceed the individual level and include treatment errors and reduced quality of patient-doctor relationships. Breathing and mindfulness-based exercises have been shown to reduce stress and could serve as an immediate and easy-to-implement anti-stress intervention among physicians. Due to the heterogeneity of their effect on stress, we aim to evaluate the intervention effect of performing a short daily breathwork-based or mindfulness-based intervention on the everyday level of perceived stress in physicians in residence in Germany in a series of N-of-1 trials.

Methods

Study participants will choose between two short interventions, box breathing, and one guided more complex mindfulness-based breathing exercise. Each participant subsequently will be randomly allocated to a sequence of 1-week intervention (A) and control (B, everyday life) phases. Each N-of-1 trial consists of two two-week cycles (AB or BA), resulting in a total trial duration of 4 weeks (ABAB or BABA). Perceived levels of stress will be assessed daily via the StudyU App on the participant’s smartphone. Additionally, participants will be asked to complete a questionnaire at baseline and three months after completion of the study that contains questions about basic participant characteristics, lifestyle factors, individual living situations, and validated psychological questionnaires. Intervention effects will be estimated by Bayesian multi-level random effects models on the individual and population level.

Discussion

This study contributes to the development of short-term solutions to reduce work-related stress for physicians in residence. This is expected to benefit the individual and increase the quality of overall healthcare due to a reduction in treatment errors and an increase in the quality of doctor-patient relationships.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05745545.
Mental health of primary health care physicians and nurses following prolonged infection control rules: a national survey in China
Authors: Li Crystal Jingru , Zheng Yanling , Gan Yong , Du Zhaohui , Cai Xuemin , Li Yongjin , Wang Wei , Jiang Tianwu , Zhang Qingyu , Niu Lei , Tao Tiffany Junchen , Hou Wai Kai
Published: August 2024

Introduction

This study examined the prevalence and correlates of probable mental health disorders, including psychological distress, somatization, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety (PHO), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and insomnia among Chinese primary health care (PHC) physicians and nurses amid the post-pandemic period in 2022.

Method

Region-stratified sampling was conducted to recruit a national sample of 4,246 respondents from 31 July 2022 to 12 August 2022. A total of 692 primary healthcare institutions were identified in 30 provincial-level administrative regions of China. An online questionnaire was used for assessing probable mental health disorders using Symptoms Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and sleeping problems using Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Data on demographics and work were also collected. Bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were conducted to identify significant correlates of probable mental health disorders.

Results

A total of 4,246 valid questionnaires were identified. Results showed that relative to the prevalence of probable mental health disorders among health care workers at the early stage of the pandemic in China, there was an overall decreased prevalence except for somatization, PHO, and OCD among the current PHC physicians and nurses. Multiple logistic regressions showed that significant risk factors of common probable mental health disorders, namely psychological distress, SOM, DEP, ANX, PHO, OCD, PTSD, and insomnia, were female gender, multimorbidity, history of psychiatric disorders, quarantine experience, never asking anyone for help, and overtime work.

Conclusion

Attention should be given to preexisting psychiatric and multimorbid conditions, social support, and work-related stressors. Regular assessment and psychological interventions are needed to enhance the mental health of PHC professionals even after public health crisis.
A study on the academic innovation ability and influencing factors of public health graduate students based on nomograms: a cross-sectional survey from Shandong, China
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Geng Pengxin , Chen Xingyue , Cai Weiqin , An Hongqing
Published: August 2024

Background

In recent years, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and various public crises has highlighted the importance of cultivating high-quality public health talents, especially those with innovative capabilities. This study focuses on the academic innovation ability of public health postgraduate students, which can provide important theoretical support for the cultivation of more public health workers with high innovative capabilities.

Methods

From May to October 2022, a cluster sampling method was used to select 1,076 public health postgraduate students from five universities in Shandong Province. A self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted. A chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of students’ academic innovation ability. Based on these factors, a nomogram was constructed to intuitively demonstrate the impact of these complex factors on students’ innovation ability.

Results

The results showed that gender, whether serving as a student leader, teacher-student relationship, academic motivation, learning style, academic environment, and teaching mode were the influencing factors of postgraduate students’ academic innovation ability. The column-line diagram (AUC = 0.892, 95% CI = 0.803 ~ 0.833) constructed based on the above influencing factors has good differentiation. The area under the ROC curve is 0.892 (95% CI = 0.803 ~ 0.833), and the calibration curve shows that the predicted value is the same as the measured value.

Conclusion

The nomogram constructed in this study can be used to predict the academic innovation level of public health graduate students, which is helpful for university education administrators to evaluate students’ academic innovation ability based on nomogram scores and carry out accurate and efficient training.