bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
誰來界定人工智能的“倫理邊界”——“人工智能”的道德超載
Authors: LUI Bojing
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.An irreconcilable conflict between "humanistic rationality" and "technological rationality" is becoming increasingly evident. AI, as the representative of technological rationality today, is suffering from "moral overload." Therefore, who should define the ethical boundaries of AI and who should solve the problem of moral overload have become the most important questions. This paper analyzes an article entitled "The Promise and Perils of AI in Medicine" by Robert Sparrow and Joshua Hatherley, sharing with you some views on AI in the medical field.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 56 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
TRANSFORMASI PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PROYEK SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Saputra Beny , Sujarwanta Agus
Published: March 2021

This research focuses on the transformation of project-based learning (PjBL) Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) during the Covid-19 pandemic, where learning in schools experienced a significant change from conventional learning (face-to-face) to online learning, follow the health protocol physical distancing recommended by the current government. STEM-PjBL online learning through platform was e-learning effectively carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic by providing projects to students involving science, technology, engineering and mathematics. STEM-PJBL learning enhances learning outcomes, learners' competencies and learning motivations, creates more meaningful learning, helps students solve problems, and supports future careers. The use of online applications for learning in the form of google classroom and social media becomes the main choice based on the level of ease of use. STEM-PJBL. This STEM-PjBL learning also demonstrates students' scientific abilities including reading, observing, and solving problems in daily life. The improvement of life skills includes personal, social, academic and vocational skills. This integration is more effective than conventional learning in improving learning outcomes in the form of creative thinking skills and science process skills. The constraints of online learning include limited internet services, as well as user infrastructure and infrastructure, some of which have not yet been fulfilled, for example smartphones and laptops, so that further and maximum efforts are needed from all parties.
Formation of Crop Yields of Energy Crops Depending on the Soil and Weather Conditions
Authors: Korenko Maroš , Bulgakov Volodymyr , Kurylo Vasyl , Kulyk Maksym , Kainichanko Alexander , Ihnatiev Yevhen , Matušeková Eva
Published: March 2021

The article presented discusses the need to use plant biomass made of energy crops grown in marginal soils as an alternative energy source. Variability of biometric indicators of the plant vegetative parts (productivity elements) was experimentally established: stem quantity per area unit and stem height depending on the soil and weather conditions. Based on the five-year research, there was observed a significant influence of soil and climatic growing conditions (average daily air temperature; rainfall; soil fertility) on formation of crop energy productivity. Results showed that the variability of stem density and height; dry phytomass productivity of millet switchgrass and giant miscanthus during observed years depended on the studied factors. Correlation-regression analysis proved and characterized the influence of soil and climatic conditions during the growing season of energy crops on the yield of dry phytomass of millet switchgrass and giant miscanthus in the central part of the Ukraine forest-steppe. The impact proportion share of weather conditions and plant productivity elements on the level of energy crops yields was calculated.
Machine learning methods for toxic comment classification: a systematic review
Authors: Andročec Darko
Published: March 2021

Nowadays users leave numerous comments on different social networks, news portals, and forums. Some of the comments are toxic or abusive. Due to numbers of comments, it is unfeasible to manually moderate them, so most of the systems use some kind of automatic discovery of toxicity using machine learning models. In this work, we performed a systematic review of the state-of-the-art in toxic comment classification using machine learning methods. We extracted data from 31 selected primary relevant studies. First, we have investigated when and where the papers were published and their maturity level. In our analysis of every primary study we investigated: data set used, evaluation metric, used machine learning methods, classes of toxicity, and comment language. We finish our work with comprehensive list of gaps in current research and suggestions for future research themes related to online toxic comment classification problem.
Comparing epidemiological models with the help of visualization dashboards
Authors: Farkas Csaba , Iclanzan David , Oltean-Péter Boróka , Vekov Géza
Published: March 2021

In 2020, due to the COVID − 19 pandemic, various epidemiological models appeared in major studies [16, 22, 21], which differ in terms of complexity, type, etc. In accordance with the hypothesis, a complex model is more accurate and gives more reliable results than a simpler one because it takes into consideration more parameters.

In this paper we study three different epidemiological models: a SIR, a SEIR and a SEIR − type model. Our aim is to set up differential equation models, which rely on similar parameters, however, the systems of equation and number of parameters deviate from each other. A visualization dashboard is implemented through this study, and thus, we are able not only to study the models but also to make users understand the differences between the complexity of epidemiological models, and ultimately, to share a more specific overview about these that are defined by differential equations [24].

In order to validate our results, we make a comparison between the three models and the empirical data from Northern Italy and Wuhan, based on the infectious cases of COVID-19. To validate our results, we calculate the values of the parameters using the Least Square optimization algorithm.
AN EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE REACTIVITY OF SELECTED CATECHOLAMINES AND THEIR PRECURSORS TOWARDS ASCORBYL RADICAL
Authors: Dimić Dušan , Nakarada Đura , Mojović Miloš , Dimitrić Marković Jasmina
Published: March 2021

Ascorbyl radical is often used as a biomarker of oxidative stress in human organism. It is a product of the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid and it is not expected to react further with biologically important molecules. For the first time, the reactivity of catecholamines and their precursors was investigated theoretically and experimentally towards ascorbyl radical and the main structural parameters governing activity were analyzed. It was shown that catechol moiety plays an important role, which classifies norepinephrine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid as the most reactive when compared to homovanillic acid, vanillylmandelic acid, and octopamine. DFT methods have been employed to determine the most probable mechanism of the reaction. Based on the change in reaction enthalpy it was concluded that Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) is a preferred mechanism both in water and pentyl ethanoate. The stabilization interactions in ascorbic acid, its anion and radical are carefully analyzed in order to understand the preferability of the mentioned mechanism. The stability of the ascorbyl radical is explained in detail. The results prove that ascorbyl radical is not just a product of antioxidant activity, but also a potentially harmful species in an organism.
COMPARATIVE ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY OF BERGAPTOL AND XANTHOTOXOL
Authors: Milanović Žiko , Antonijević Marko , Đorović Jelena , Milenković Dejan
Published: March 2021

The antioxidant activity of bergaptol (4-hydroxyfuro[3,2-g]chromen-7-one, BER) and xanthotoxol (9-hydroxyfuro[3,2-g]chromen-7-one, XAN) was investigated in water and benzene, as solvents. For this purpose, the density functional theory (DFT) was used. The free radical scavenging potency of investigated compounds towards different reactive oxygen species (ROS) was performed. Antioxidative mechanism of investigated compounds – hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single-electron transfer–proton transfer (SET-PT) and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) were examined using M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) theoretical model. The important thermodynamic parameters (BDE, IP, PDE, PA, ETE) and Gibbs free energies of reactions, were used to determine the most probable antioxidant mechanism of action. The obtained thermodynamic parameters suggested that Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) is the most probable reaction pathway in benzene, while Sequential Proton Loss Electron Transfer (SPLET) was favorized in water. The obtained results indicate that the favorable mechanism of antiradical activity depends on the polarity of medium and the nature of free radical species. By comparing the antioxidant activity of investigated compounds, it can be concluded that bergaptol exhibits better antioxidant properties. Molecular docking study of neutral and anionic species of investigated compounds was performed according to Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). In both cases, bergaptol showed better inhibitory potency. All the anionic species showed a higher inhibition constant, indicating lower inhibition potency than corresponding parent molecules.
THERMOâ€”DIFFUSION AND HALL EFFECT ON RADIATING AND REACTING MHD CONVECTIVE HEAT ABSORBING FLUID PAST AN EXPONENTIALLY ACCELERATED VERTICAL POROUS PLATE WITH RAMPED TEMPERATURE
Authors: Prabhakar Reddy Bijjula
Published: March 2021

Numerical investigation is undertaken to study the effects of thermo-diffusion and Hall current on unsteady magneto-hydrodynamic convective flow of a viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting, radiating and heat absorbing fluid past an exponentially accelerated infinite vertical porous plate with ramped temperature in the presence of chemical reaction. A uniform magnetic field is applied transversely in the direction of the flow. The governing system of partial differential equations along with initial and boundary conditions is transformed to dimensionless form and then solved by employing finite element method. The impact of various flow parameters on the primary and secondary fluid velocities, fluid temperature and fluid concentration as well as shear stress, rate of heat and mass transfer at the plate are displayed through the graphs and tables. It can be observed that the temperature profiles are slower in case of ramped temperature plate than that of isothermal plate.
A STOCHASTIC MODEL FOR CRACK INITIATION LIFE PREDICTION OF AN AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL UNDER CONSTANT AMPLITUDE LOADING
Authors: Yahiaoui R. , Noureddine R. , Ait Saadi B.
Published: March 2021

Predicting crack initiation life (CIL) of a mechanical component or a structure in service remains difficult since the crack formation process is of stochastic nature. To ensure a high level of safety and reliability, it is essential to have an appropriate probability distribution law of the CIL to ensure that cracks can be detected before reaching a critical length. In the present study, a stochastic model is used to predict the number of cycles corresponding to the formation of a crack 500 Î¼m long resulted from the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of multiple microcracks. The model is applied in the case of a 316L austenitic stainless steel for different plastic strain ranges.
Human Security in The Age of Electoral Democracy: Politico-Business Alliances in The Malang Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Kurniaty Rika
Published: March 2021

This study discusses the politico-business configuration of electoral democracy and its impact on human security in Malang. Indonesia's reforms in the post-Soeharto era marked by implementing new institutions of democracy through direct local elections (Pilkada), where people acquire their rights to directly determine their executive leader at both national and regional levels. Democracy institution is believed would naturally lead to greater human security. However, evidence -from the cases experienced in Malang- reveals a different result. The introduction of democratic institutions harmed human security because predatory alliances hijacked it. Liberal space as well as the opening up of elite competitions, provided by democracy, interfered with local politics. Both local politics and economic spheres were dominated by political and business elite coalitions. Also, the sustainability of good governance and democratic institutions tends to be dictated by the interests of these predatory elite alliances. Although there have been abundant studies on Indonesia’s democratization and decentralization, the problem of human security in the democratization process has rarely been conducted. This study, therefore, aims to reveal the practice of politico- business alliances in Malang that take over public resources and local budgets for their interests through the democratic institution. The significance of this study is an empirical contribution to develop an understanding of the process of how democratic institutions are hijacked by a few people (local elites) by seizing regional resources and sacrificing human security. Keywords: electoral democracy, human security, politico-business alliance, Malang Regency
СИМВОЛІКА В НАРАТИВІ: ОНТОЛОГІЧНИЙ ТА АНТРОПОЛОГІЧНИЙ ВИМІРИ
Authors: КРЕТОВ Павло , КРЕТОВА Олена
Published: March 2021

Метою статті є вивчення змісту основних нап- рямів інтерпретації символу в контексті антропології культу- ри та філософської антропології та їх співвідношення з функ- ціонуванням семантичного поля культури. Методологічними прин- ципами статті є настанови філософської антропології, герме- невтики, філософського символізму, а також елементи концепту- ального та феноменологічного аналізу. У статті розглядається концепція онтологічного повороту, пов’язана з філософською антропологією, а також гносеологічні погляди на репрезентатив- ний підхід, підходи функціоналізму і релятивізму щодо концепції символу. Окреслено співвідношення між наративною онтологією та перформативом як типом мовленнєвого акту, формами людсь- ких автодескрипції та опису реальності. Виявлено, як саме заяв- лена тенденція в культурній антропології претендує на ство- рення нової інтерпретації онтологічних і гносеологічних проблем у контексті філософської антропології. Підкреслено когнітивний потенціал концепції наративної онтології та її зв’язок із пробле- мами філософської антропології. Наголошено на онтологічній інтерпретації символу в його функціонуванні в сучасному комунікативному просторі. Наукова новизна статті представлена вивченням взаємозв’язку ролі та специфіки символу в символічному самоописі людини у філософських проєктах (включно з наративною онтологією), які представляють ці когнітивні позиції та сучас- ним станом комунікативного простору, власне природою символу. Висновки. Віртуальна культура та філософія ХХІ століття постулюють онтологію віртуальної реальності, в межах якої символи здатні актуалізувати умовний тезаурус філогенетичної цивілізаційної пам’яті в контексті горизонту смислів люди- ни. Онтологічно інтерпретований символ означає не лише його реальність, але і створення специфічного смислового простору.
ЕЙДЕТИЧНЕ СПОГЛЯДАННЯ ЯК ОСВОЄННЯ КУЛЬТУРИ
Authors: ВОЗНЯК Сергій
Published: March 2021

Мета роботи. У статті проведено філософський аналіз поняття «культурна реальність» у контексті загальної онтології людського буття. Розглянуто таке відношення культурної реальності до суб’єкта, як ейдетичне споглядан- ня. Проаналізовано сутність ейдетичного споглядання як фун- даментального гуманітарного світовідношення, яке постає механізмом взаємозв’язку суб’єкта зі світом культурної реальності, способом рефлексії культурної свідомості й вищим сенсом виявлення загальнородової сутності культур- ного Універсуму. Методологія. Засобами реалізації поставленої мети є активація діалектичного поняття «форма» та залу- чення концепту «діяльність», саме через який можна адек- ватно розкрити діалектичний принцип всезагального зв’язку. Одним із центральних у цьому зв’язку є питання про природу культурного буття. Як існує культура, де саме міститься вся багатоманітна скарбниця її форм, проявів, укарбовані в ній почуття, думки, образи, переживання? Питання онтології культурних форм неминуче виводять на метафізичну проблема- тику, що позначає проблематику трансцендентного, позачасо- вого й позапросторового буття. Наукова новизна. Адекватне розуміння культурної реальності як такої уможливлює розуміння способу самого існування культури як буттєвісного феномена, тим самим орієнтуючи мислення на розуміння способів взаємодії суб’єкта з культурним довкіллям, зокрема, через поняття ейдетичного споглядання. Висновки. Споглядання – не лише щабель руху пізнання, не лише етап в історичному становленні суспільної людини, не функціональний засіб оволодіння змістом світу. Ейдетичне споглядання самоцінне й самоцільне. У такій якості максимальною мірою воно розкривається в естетичному спогляданні й переживанні, яке постає абсолютною формою, адекватною людській сутності.
ІДЕНТИЧНІСТЬ ЯК ПРОБЛЕМА: НОВІ ЗМІСТИ Й АЛЬТЕРНАТИВИ?
Authors: ГАЛУЩАК Мар’яна
Published: March 2021

Мета. У статті осмислюється антагонізм зовнішніх запитів і внутрішніх особистих очікувань сучасного індивіда. Незбіг цих сфер людського існування є основною причи- ною постановки питання про «персональну ідентичність», його змістову наповненість, що дає можливість спрогнозувати можли- ве майбутнє людства. Методологія. У статті використовується метод співставлення, який дає змогу прослідкувати послідовність та об’єктивність смислового викладу матеріалу, а також аналітичний метод, який орієнтує на осмислене розуміння тих реалії, які є актуальними сьогодні. Наукова новизна. У світі відкритих кордонів, де культура кожного народу має свою без- умовну цінність, бо, так чи інакше, слугує основою для форму- вання персональної ідентичності кожної людини, постає пробле- мою якраз визначення цієї самої ідентичності, її ролі в людській діяльності, урешті, проблемою постає те, що саме можна зара- хувати до суті цієї ідентичності. Неоднозначність розуміння й підходів до цього поняття призводить до хиткості людського становища у світі, а відмова від цільності, яка є основою будь- якої особистості, урешті, може призвести й до розмивання (чи навіть зникнення) самого поняття «Людина». Висновки. Незважаючи на величезну кількість різнорідних знань про люди- ну та її діяльність, накопичених упродовж усієї людської історії, наука сьогодні знає про людську сутність так само мало, як і на початку часів. Питання про особистісну ідентичність і про кри- зу цієї ідентичності є, безперечно, одними з найактуальніших у сучасних інтелектуальних дискусіях, при цьому всьому немає якогось єдиного бачення чи погляду на те, чим є за своєю сут- тю ця шукана ідентичність. «Персональна ідентичність» як орієнтація на цілісність і цільність, як не дивно, усе більше зво- диться в міф про те, чого людина ніколи не мала, але що завжди прагнула отримати, урешті, визначення ідентичності як набо- ру різнорідних психологічних властивостей і схильностей люди- ни, які працюють збалансовано й одновекторно, що робить її стійкішою у сфері соціально-суспільних запитів, піднімає її влас- ну планку стресостійкості, свідчить про те, що сама людина зі своєю багатоплановістю прагне спростити власний погляд на саму себе, відмовитися від пошуків того, «чого немає і бути не може», а це прямо зв’язано з класичним запитуванням «бути чи не бути» Людині. Варто відмітити й те, що це запитуван- ня давно перейшло з теоретичної сфери на рівень практики, яка успішно змінює не лише реальність людини, а й безповоротно змінила її саму.
ДО ПИТАННЯ ПРО СИМВОЛІЗМ У ЗОБРАЖЕННІ КОНЯ НА ІКОНАХ СВ. ДМИТРА СОЛУНСЬКОГО: ВІДРЕФЛЕКТОВАНІ ТА НЕВІДРЕФЛЕКТОВАНІ КОНОТАЦІЇ (КУЛЬТУРНО-МЕНТАЛЬНИХ АСПЕКТ) У СЕМАНТИЧНОМУ ПОЛІ ІКОНИ
Authors: ГОРОХОЛИНСЬКА Ганна
Published: March 2021

Метою статті є постановка питання про про- блему семантики зображення коня в іконографії сюжету «Чудо про царя Калояна» св. Дмитра Солунського. Іконографія як окрема семантична система являє собою особливе джерело у вивченні культурно-ментального спадку минулого (Н. Кондаков, П. Флоренський, Є. Трубецькой, Л. Успенський, Б. Успенський, Е. Панофский та ін.). Методологічні засади. У процесі роботи використані метод порівняльного аналізу, культурно-струк- турний і семантичний метод дослідження. Зображення роз- глядалися за трьома параметрами: колір тварини, напрям руху та поворот голови. Аналіз проходить при використанні пись- мових джерел (життєпису, настанов в іконописі, легенд, казок та ін.) та іконографічних зображень (ХVI–XXI ст.). У сюжет- ному блоці представлені зображення двох видів вершників: який перемагає та переможеного царя. В останнього не завжди є кінь, експліцитно це підкреслює знаковість коня. Наукова новизна. Образ коня в історичній ретроспективі стає латентною руди- ментарною складовою частиною, яка увібрала в себе елемент ментального сприйняття (з огляду на дані народної та релігійної семантики) та ідеалізованого («коня в собі») сюжетного блоку. «Кінь в собі» пройшов шлях від стадії дикості до роз- вилки одомашнення або вживання в їжу. Згодом став маркером соціального статусу; кінь трансформувався в «декоративне створення» та іманентно спрямований на підсвідому соціально- культурно складену ментальну площину. Висновки. Втрата або поява коня (в ході сюжету) має зв'язок із доленосною ситуацією для її власника (удача, доля, благословення на противагу: невдача, нереалізація, поразка). Відрефлексовані та невідрефлексовані конотації сходяться в семантичній знаковості зображення коня як другорядного, а отже, більш схильного до відображення коли- вань зовнішнього середовища утвореного образу.
A 62-year-old man with new-onset bullae
Authors: Generoso August J. , Goldman Jordana A. , Wolff Alan H.
Published: March 2021

Cutaneous blisters and/or bullae can occur in autoimmune disorders, infections, genetic diseases, and drug hypersensitivity. We present the case of a 62-year-old man with two autoimmune conditions who was admitted for antibiotic treatment of a lower extremity infection and suddenly developed a bullous rash. His physical examination was significant for tense, bullous lesions that involved his chin, palms, and inner thighs. Narrowing the differential diagnosis for patients with blistering skin lesions is imperative for timely and appropriate management.
Recurrent and acute abdominal pain as the main clinical manifestation in patients with hereditary angioedema
Authors: Cao Yang , Liu Shuang , Zhi Yuxiang
Published: March 2021

Background:Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease that often leads to misdiagnosis. The delay of diagnosis is > 10 years in China. Recurrent and acute abdominal pain is one of the common symptoms of HAE. Because of the high misdiagnosis rate, it usually results in unnecessary surgical procedures. This study focused on the clinical symptoms and management of HAE-related abdominal attacks in Chinese patients to provide some new insight for the emergency department (ED) physicians and gastroenterologists.Methods:A Web-based survey was conducted among 107 patients with HAE from 94 unrelated families. Detailed questions with respect to the abdominal attacks were asked, including the frequency, symptoms, and duration before and after confirmed diagnosis. The demographic characteristics, diagnosis process, and treatment outcomes were also included.Results:Approximately 70% of the patients with HAE presented with abdominal symptoms during the onset of edema, mostly characterized by pain (94.8%), nausea (83.1%), vomiting (83.1%), diarrhea (59.7%), and constipation (23.4%). The patients were easily misdiagnosed as having gastroenteritis (35.1%) and appendicitis (10.4%), and 24.7% of them received unnecessary appendectomy or laparotomy. Danazol, a widely used drug for long-term prophylaxis of HAE in China, can reduce the attack frequency and alleviate the abdominal symptoms, but the adverse effects are also significant and more severe in women.Conclusions:Abdominal symptoms are common and important clinical features of HAE but are easily confused with other gastrointestinal diseases. ED physicians and gastroenterologists should consider HAE when patients experience recurrent and unexplained abdominal pain. Proper medical treatment should be administered in a timely manner if an HAE diagnosis is confirmed and efforts are required to increase access in China to medications both for on-demand treatment and long-term prophylaxis.
Effectiveness of endoscopic sinus surgery and aspirin therapy in the management of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease
Authors: Sweis Auddie M. , Locke Tran B. , Ig-Izevbekhai Kevin I. , Lin Theodore C. , Kumar Ankur , Douglas Jennifer E. , Corr Andrew M. , Civantos Alyssa M. , Tripathi Siddhant H. , Kennedy David W. , Kohanski Michael A. , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D. , Bosso John V.
Published: March 2021

Background: Aspirin therapy and/or type 2 (T2) biologics are used in the management of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). Objective: To identify the number of patients with AERD who tolerated aspirin therapy, yet due to persistent symptoms,
incorporated T2 biologic management. Methods: A retrospective review was performed between July 2016 and June 2019. Patients with AERD and who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), aspirin desensitization (AD), and at least 6 months of aspirin therapy (ATAD) after AD,
and who remained biologic-naive up through this timepoint were included in the study. Introduction of a T2 biologic while on ATAD was the primary outcome. The secondary outcome was a change in a validated patient-reported outcome measure for chronic rhinosinusitis score between the postoperative
predesensitization timepoint, and the 6-month postdesensitization timepoint, presented as means and compared by using the Student's t-test. Results: A total of 103 patients met inclusion criteria. Two patients (1.9%) ultimately supplemented ATAD with a T2 biologic. The
mean outcomes measure test score after 6 months of ATAD for patients who received biologics was 40.5 versus 15 in those who did not receive biologics (p = 0.02). The mean differences between the postoperative predesensitization test score and the 6-month postdesensitization test score for
patients who went on to receive biologics was an increase of 13 versus a decrease of 10 for those patients who did not receive biologics (p = 0.12). Conclusion: ESS, coupled with AD and ATAD, was successful in the long-term management of the majority of the patients with
AERD, which rarely required the incorporation of T2 biologics. Patient questionnaires, such as outcomes measure test score, may identify aspirin therapy failures and help guide the practitioner in deciding when to introduce T2 biologics into the patient's treatment regimen.
Millennials in South Africa: Fiction, Media Representations and the need to Displace Otherness and Occupy History
Authors: Davis Tatum
Published: March 2021

Fiction can often serve as a vehicle that addresses dominant cultures in a way that mitigates or displaces assumptions about that culture. However, it remains important that fiction is read in its real-world context in order to understand and explore the issues being addressed. Lily Herne’s two publications, Deadlands and Death of a Saint, displace millennial Otherness in a way that enacts the culture as manifested in South Africa. Not only could this serve as a means to explore the crises related to protests that occupied real and virtual spaces, but also as a means to develop new ways of conceptualising accountability and responsibility during acts of resistance.
Medidas institucionais e econômicas do PAC: A recriação da Sudam e da Sudene e o desenvolvimento regional
Authors: Horsth Tarrara Alves , de Almeida Fernanda Maria , de Almeida Mendes Wesley
Published: March 2021

Este estudo objetivou identificar os efeitos e impactos da recriação das Superintendências de Desenvolvimento do Nordeste (Sudene) e da Amazônia (Sudam), sob o Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento, no desenvolvimento socioeconômico dos municípios atendidos. Para tanto, utilizaram-se modelos de Dados em Painel Dinâmico e de Diferenças em Diferenças, com informações dos municípios brasileiros, de 2005 a 2014. O indicador de desenvolvimento socioeconômico empregado foi o Índice Firjan de Desenvolvimento Municipal, tanto sob a perspectiva geral quanto sob suas dimensões (educação, saúde e emprego/renda). De forma geral, os resultados apontaram que as Superintendências impactaram positivamente os desenvolvimentos geral e da educação. Para a saúde, observaram-se impactos e efeitos positivos. Porém, embora as regiões beneficiadas sejam as mais necessitadas de políticas de desenvolvimento regional no Brasil, a reestruturação das superintendências, com os projetos e objetivos propostos, não foi capaz de cumpri-los integralmente, pois não foram identificados impactos positivos para emprego e renda.
The Uneven Impacts of Violence against Women Reform in Guatemala: Intersecting Inequalities and the Patchwork State
Authors: Beck Erin
Published: March 2021

In 2008 Guatemala passed legislation criminalizing various forms of violence against women and mandating the creation of courts that would specialize in such violence. This article demonstrates that these reforms’ impacts were unevenly felt, with the most marginalized benefiting the least. It explains this gap by drawing on a historical intersectional analysis, and reveals the importance of including place alongside more commonly studied categories of difference. It also illuminates the sources of the gaps between policies and their impacts. It finds that many Guatemalan women remained marginalized from security and justice, despite attempts to protect them, for two reasons. First, the reforms isolated violence against women from other structural sources of inequality, thus undercutting their impacts for multiply marginalized women. Second, the reforms’ impacts were undermined by historically constituted patterns of state-society relations and the uneven nature of the Guatemalan state.
Mujeres embarazadas víctimas de tortura en Chile: El caso judicial de Haydee Oberreuter
Authors: Lira Elizabeth
Published: March 2021

En Chile, desde los inicios de la república, las amnistías después de guerras civiles y conflictos violentos fueron el fundamento de la reconciliación política. La transición política iniciada en 1990 se propuso establecer la verdad sobre las violaciones de los derechos humanos cometidas durante la dictadura, reconocer y reparar a las víctimas y hacer justicia en la medida de lo posible, a pesar de la vigencia de la amnistía de 1978. En este artículo se analiza la evolución de diversas instancias del proceso de justicia transicional y la lucha contra la impunidad que es la experiencia de las víctimas de la tortura y sus familias. El caso de Haydee Oberreuter nos permite examinar las posibilidades, resultados y limitaciones de los procesos judiciales en relación con las demandas de justicia y reparación de las víctimas de tortura.
Cerrahi Hemşirelerinin Cerrahi Alan İnfeksiyonlarını Önlemeye Yönelik Bilgi Düzeyleri
Authors: ÇELEBİ Cemile , BALKAN Ali , SARUHAN Ercan
Published: March 2021

Giriş: Hemşirelerin cerrahi alan infeksiyonunu (CAİ) önlemek için doğru ve hızlı karar vermeleri ve kanıta dayalı uygulamalarla ilgili önerileri bilmeleri kaliteli hemşirelik bakımı verebilmek için çok önemlidir. Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı cerrahi hemşirelerinin CAİ önlenmesi konusundaki bilgi düzeylerini belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte planlanan araştırma, Ege Bölgesinde bir Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi cerrahi kliniklerinde çalışan 58 hemşire ile 20 Ocak 2020-15 Şubat 2020 tarihleri arasında yapıldı. Veriler “Bireysel Özellikler Formu” ve Hastalık Kontrol ve Önleme Merkezleri 2017 güncel rehberine göre hazırlanmış “Cerrahi Alan İnfeksiyonunu Önlemeye Yönelik Bilgi Formu” ile toplandı. Çalışmada verilerin değerlendirilmesinde Tanımlayıcı istatistiksel metotlar ile birlikte Mann-Whitney U Testi, Kruskal-Wallis Testi, Lojistik Regresyon analizinden yararlanıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan hemşirelerin; yaş ortalaması 40.2±6.1, %93.1’i (n=54) kadın, %82.8’i (n=48) evli, %93.1’i (n=54) lisans mezunu, %67.2’si (n=39) 16 yıl ve daha fazla süredir hemşirelik yapmaktadır. Araştırmaya katılan hemşirelerin %37.9’unun (n=22) infeksiyon kontrolü konusunda eğitim aldığı saptandı. Çalışmadan elde edilen verilere göre hemşirelerin “Cerrahi Alan İnfeksiyonu Önleme Bilgi Düzeyi” puan ortalaması 13.1±2.2 (min:7, max: 18), bilgi formunda yer alan ifadeleri doğru yanıtlama oranı ise ortalama %62.2±10.4 olarak hesaplandı. Sonuç: Hemşirelerin cerrahi alan infeksiyonlarını önlemeye ilişkin bilgi puan ortalaması orta seviyenin üstünde saptandı. Hemşirelerin cerrahi alan infeksiyonunun önlenmesi konusundaki yetkinliğini artırmak ve bilgi eksikliğini gidermek için güncel rehberler eşliğinde hizmet içi eğitim programları düzenlenmelidir.
Modeling and Simulation of Components and Circuits with Intrinsically Active Polymers
Authors:   ,   Technische Universität Dresden, Mehner Philipp Jan
Published: March 2021

In this work, a design platform for the modeling, simulation and optimization of fluidic components and their interactions in larger systems is developed. A hydrogel-based stimulus-sensitive microvalve is the core element of the microfluidic toolbox. Essential material properties as swelling-stimuli functions and the cooperative diffusion are extracted from measurements. The results provide necessary input data for finite element simulations in order to extract characteristic properties of the mechanical and fluid domains. Finally, the behavior of the microvalve and other fluidic library elements is implemented in Matlab Simscape for component and system simulations. Case studies and design optimization can be realized in a very short time with high accuracy. The toolbox is suitable for research and development and as software for academic education. The library elements are evaluated for a chemofluidic NAND gate, a chemofluidic decoder and a chemofluidic oscillator. Abstract (deutsch) In dieser Arbeit wird eine Entwurfsplattform für die Modellierung, Simulation und Optimierung von fluidischen Komponenten und deren Wechselwirkungen in größeren Systemen entwickelt. Ein Mikroventil auf der Basis von stimuli-sensitiven Hydrogelen ist das Kernelement des Entwurfstools. Wesentliche Materialeigenschaften wie das Quellverhalten und der kooperative Diffusionskoeffizient werden zu Beginn mit Messungen ermittelt. Mit Finite-Elemente-Simulationen werden aus diesen Daten charakteristische Kennwerte für das mechanische und fluidische Verhalten bestimmt. Sie bilden die Basis für komplexe Systemmodelle in Matlab Simscape, welche das Mikroventil und weitere fluidische Grundelemente in ihrem Zusammenwirken beschreiben. Verschiedene Konzepte können in kurzer Zeit und mit hoher Genauigkeit analysiert, optimiert und verglichen werden. Die Toolbox eignet sich für die Forschung und Entwicklung sowie als Software für die akademische Ausbildung. Sie wurde für den Entwurf eines chemofluidischen NAND-Gatters, für einen chemofluidischen Decoder und für einen chemofluidischen Oszillator eingesetzt.
Quantum cloning of identical mixed qubits
Authors: Fan H. , Liu B.-Y. , Shi K.-J.
Published: March 2021

Quantum cloning of two identical mixed qubits $\rho \otimes \rho$ is studied. We propose the quantum cloning transformations not only for the triplet (symmetric) states but also for the singlet (antisymmetric) state. We can copy these two identical mixed qubits to $M$ ($M\ge 2$) copies. This quantum cloning machine is optimal in the sense that the shrinking factor between the input and the output single qubit achieves the upper bound. The result shows that we can copy two identical mixed qubits with the same quality as that of two identical pure states.
Multi-partite quantum cryptographic protocols with noisy GHZ states
Authors: Chen K. , Lo H.-K.
Published: March 2021

We propose a wide class of distillation schemes for multi-partite entangled states that are CSS-states. Our proposal provides not only superior efficiency, but also new insights on the connection between CSS-states and bipartite graph states. We then apply our distillation schemes to the tri-partite case for three cryptographic tasks---namely, (a) conference key agreement, (b) quantum sharing of classical secrets and (c) third-man cryptography. Moreover, we construct ``prepare-and-measure'' protocols for the above three cryptographic tasks which can be implemented with the generation of only a single entangled pair at a time. This gives significant simplification over previous experimental implementations which require two entangled pairs generated simultaneously. We also study the yields of those protocols and the threshold values of the fidelity above which the protocols can function securely. Rather surprisingly, our protocols will function securely even when the initial state does not violate the standard Bell-inequalities for GHZ states.
Quantumness, generalized spherical 2-design, and symmetric informationally complete POVM
Authors: Kim I.H.
Published: March 2021

Fuchs and Sasaki defined the quantumness of a set of quantum states in \cite{Quantumness}, which is related to the fidelity loss in transmission of the quantum states through a classical channel. In \cite{Fuchs}, Fuchs showed that in $d$-dimensional Hilbert space, minimum quantumness is $\frac{2}{d+1}$, and this can be achieved by all rays in the space. He left an open problem, asking whether fewer than $d^2$ states can achieve this bound. Recently, in a different context, Scott introduced a concept of generalized $t$-design in \cite{GenSphet}, which is a natural generalization of spherical $t$-design. In this paper, we show that the lower bound on the quantumness can be achieved if and only if the states form a generalized 2-design. As a corollary, we show that this bound can be only achieved if the number of states are larger or equal to $d^2$, answering the open problem. Furthermore, we also show that the minimal set of such ensemble is Symmetric Informationally Complete POVM(SIC-POVM). This leads to an equivalence relation between SIC-POVM and minimal set of ensemble achieving minimal quantumness.
Feasibility study of free-Space quantum key distribution in the mid-infrared
Authors: Temporao G. , Zibinden H. , Tanzilli S. , Gisin N. , Aellen T. , Giovannini M. , Faist J. , von der Weid J.
Published: March 2021

We report on a feasibility study of a free-space Quantum Key Distribution setup operating at a mid-infrared wavelength. Alice sends polarization-coded pseudo-single photons from a Quantum Cascade Laser at 4.6 $\mu$m to Bob, who uses a nonlinear crystal and a Silicon Avalanche Photodiode to perform the detection via Sum Frequency Generation. Theoretical predictions, based on a proof-of-principle experiment, show that, under certain foggy atmospheric conditions, the proposed system is barely affected, whereas other systems operating at standard near-infrared wavelengths would simply not work at all.
The Jones polynomial: quantum algorithms and applications in quantum complexity theory
Authors: Wocjan P. , Yard J.
Published: March 2021

We analyze relationships between quantum computation and a family of generalizations of the Jones polynomial. Extending recent work by Aharonov et al., we give efficient quantum circuits for implementing the unitary Jones-Wenzl representations of the braid group. We use these to provide new quantum algorithms for approximately evaluating a family of specializations of the HOMFLYPT two-variable polynomial of trace closures of braids. We also give algorithms for approximating the Jones polynomial of a general class of closures of braids at roots of unity. Next we provide a self-contained proof of a result of Freedman et al.\ that any quantum computation can be replaced by an additive approximation of the Jones polynomial, evaluated at almost any primitive root of unity. Our proof encodes two-qubit unitaries into the rectangular representation of the eight-strand braid group. We then give QCMA-complete and PSPACE-complete problems which are based on braids. We conclude with direct proofs that evaluating the Jones polynomial of the plat closure at most primitive roots of unity is a \#P-hard problem, while learning its most significant bit is PP-hard, circumventing the usual route through the Tutte polynomial and graph coloring.
$\epsilon$-convertibility of entangled states and extension of Schmidt rank in infinite-dimensional systems
Authors: Owari M. , Braunstein S.L. , Nemoto K. , Murao M.
Published: March 2021

By introducing the concept of $\epsilon$-convertibility, we extend Nielsen's and Vidal's theorems to the entanglement transformation of infinite-dimensional systems. Using an infinite-dimensional version of Vidal's theorem we derive a new stochastic-LOCC (SLOCC) monotone which can be considered as an extension of the Schmidt rank. We show that states with polynomially-damped Schmidt coefficients belong to a higher rank of entanglement class in terms of SLOCC convertibility. For the case of Hilbert spaces of countable, but infinite dimensionality, we show that there are actually an uncountable number of classes of pure non-interconvertible bipartite entangled states.
Entanglement and separability of quantum harmonic oscillator systems at finite temperature
Authors: Anders J. , Winter A.
Published: March 2021

In the present paper we study the entanglement properties of thermal (a.k.a.~\emph{Gibbs}) states of quantum harmonic oscillator systems as functions of the Hamiltonian and the temperature. We prove the physical intuition that at sufficiently high temperatures the thermal state becomes fully separable and we deduce bounds on the critical temperature at which this happens. We show that the bound becomes tight for a wide class of Hamiltonians with sufficient translation symmetry. We find, that at the crossover the thermal energy is of the order of the energy of the strongest normal mode of the system and quantify the degree of entanglement below the critical temperature. Finally, we discuss the example of a ring topology in detail and compare our results with previous work in an entanglement-phase diagram.
Entanglement of formation of rotationally symmetric states
Authors: Manne K.K. , Caves C.M.
Published: March 2021

Computing the entanglement of formation of a bipartite state is generally difficult, but special symmetries of a state can simplify the problem. For instance, this allows one to determine the entanglement of formation of Werner states and isotropic states. We consider a slightly more general class of states, rotationally symmetric states, also known as SU(2)-invariant states. These states are invariant under global rotations of both subsystems, and one can examine entanglement in cases where the subsystems have different dimensions. We derive an analytic expression for the entanglement of formation of rotationally symmetric states of a spin-$j$ particle and a spin-${1\over2}$ particle. We also give expressions for the I-concurrence, I-tangle, and convex-roof-extended negativity.
Efficient quantum circuits for approximating the Jones polynomial
Authors: Nakajima Y. , Kawano Y. , Sekigawa H.
Published: March 2021

Freedman, Kitaev, and Wang proved the equivalence between quantum field theory and quantum computation, and consequently showed that the problem of approximating the Jones polynomial (a knot invariant) at the fifth root of unity is BQP-complete. Recently, Aharonov, Jones, and Landau proposed a concrete quantum algorithm, called the AJL algorithm, that approximates the Jones polynomial at the $k$th root of unity in polynomial time. In this paper, we propose a new method for implementing the AJL algorithm, which improves the performance from $O(mn\log^2k)$ to $O(mn)$. Here, $n$ is the number of strands, $m$ is the number of the crossings in a braid. Since, in the AJL algorithm, $m$ and $k$ are assumed to be given as polynomials in $n$, the difference in the performance between the original implementation and our design is significant if $k$ is a large-degree polynomial.
Homological invariants of stabilizer states
Authors: Wirthmuller K.
Published: March 2021

We propose a new kind of invariant of multi-party stabilizer states with respect to local Clifford equivalence. These homological invariants are discrete entities defined in terms of the entanglement a state enjoys with respect to arbitrary groupings of the parties, and they may be thought of as reflecting entanglement in a qualitative way. We investigate basic properties of the invariants and link them with known results on the extraction of GHZ states.
On separability of graphs with some entangled edges
Authors: Rahiminia H. , Amini M.
Published: March 2021

In this paper we give a combinatorial proof of the entanglement of a graph whose number of vertices is a product of two primes, and has exactly one entangled edge, or all of whose entangled edges are emanating from one vertex. Thereby, we provide easier and more direct proofs of the conjecture by Braunstein, Ghosh, and Severini in {\it quant-ph}/0406165 v2 (2006) [2].
Distinguishing quantum operations having few Kraus operators
Authors: Watrous J.
Published: March 2021

Entanglement is sometimes helpful in distinguishing between quantum operations, as differences between quantum operations can become magnified when their inputs are entangled with auxiliary systems. Bounds on the dimension of the auxiliary system needed to optimally distinguish quantum operations are known in several situations. For instance, the dimension of the auxiliary space never needs to exceed the dimension of the input space of the operations for optimal distinguishability, while no auxiliary system whatsoever is needed to optimally distinguish unitary operations. Another bound, which follows from work of R. Timoney , is that optimal distinguishability is always possible when the dimension of the auxiliary system is twice the number of operators needed to express the difference between the quantum operations in Kraus form. This paper provides an alternate proof of this fact that is based on concepts and tools that are familiar to quantum information theorists.
Separability criterion for multipartite quantum states based on the Bloch representation of density matrices
Authors: Hassan A.S.M. , Joag P.S.
Published: March 2021

We give a new separability criterion, a necessary condition for separability of N-partite quantum states. The criterion is based on the Bloch representation of a N-partite quantum state and makes use of multilinear algebra, in particular, the matrization of tensors. Our criterion applies to arbitrary N-partite quantum states in $\mathcal{H}=\mathcal{H}^{d_1}\otimes \mathcal{H}^{d_2} \otimes \cdots \otimes \mathcal{H}^{d_N}.$ The criterion can test whether a N-partite state is entangled and can be applied to different partitions of the $N$-partite system. We provide examples that show the ability of this criterion to detect entanglement. We show that this criterion can detect bound entangled states. We prove a sufficiency condition for separability of a 3-partite state, straightforwardly generalizable to the case N > 3, under certain condition. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for separability of a class of N-qubit states which includes N-qubit PPT states.