bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oncologic Emergencies
Authors: Yeung Sai‐Ching J. , Escalante Carmen P.
Published: October 2022

Overview

Cancer and its treatment can lead to oncologic emergencies. This article discusses the approach to acute emergency problems in cancer patients. A list of emergent problems has been selected for focused discussion. Sudden cardiopulmonary arrest is discussed along with considerations in resuscitation of cancer patients. Arrhythmia, superior vena caval syndrome, pericardial tamponade, and acute hemorrhage are important cardiovascular emergencies. Tumor lysis syndrome can be rapidly fatal, and early recognition and treatment are very important in preventing disastrous outcomes. Pulmonary problems include airway obstruction, pleural effusion, hemoptysis, pneumothorax, and pulmonary embolism. Neurological emergencies include spinal cord compression, brain herniation, and status epilepticus. Neutropenic fever is perhaps the most frequently discussed important topic in oncologic emergency. Other important issues such as immune‐related adverse effects of cancer immunotherapy, anaphylaxis, and cytokine release syndrome are also discussed. Oncologists and emergency physicians must be aware of these potentially serious acute complications of cancer patients in order to initiate appropriate treatments in a timely manner.
A Vision for Twenty‐First Century Healthcare
Authors: Hood Leroy , Price Nathan D. , Yurkovich James T.
Published: October 2022

Overview

The convergence of systems science, big data, and patient‐activated social networks is leading to the practice of predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory (P4) Medicine. P4 Medicine has two central thrusts: optimizing wellness and demystifying disease. In this chapter, we will describe current research practices that embody P4 Medicine, providing examples of how these studies have and can continue to integrate with and transform the healthcare system. We will focus on the use of dense longitudinal profiling of an individual's physiological state—so‐called “deep phenotyping”—to gain key insights into wellness as well as the onset, progression, treatment, and prevention of disease. Such a systems approach will generate clinically actionable possibilities to enable individuals to optimize wellness and/or avoid disease. We believe that this approach will transform healthcare by decreasing costs, increasing healthcare quality, and promoting innovation in a new paradigm of medical practice.
Hereditary Cancer Syndromes: Risk Assessment and Genetic Counseling
Authors: Bluebond Rachel , Bannon Sarah A. , Hyde Samuel M. , Woodson Ashley H. , You Nancy Y.‐Q. , Lu Karen H. , Arun Banu
Published: October 2022

Overview

Understanding the etiology of cancer combines a multitude of factors including genetic, environmental, health, and lifestyle influences on the pathway to malignancy. While single‐gene inherited causes for cancer account for only 5–10% of cancer cases, identifying these individuals and their family members can provide insight into tumorigenesis, improvement in therapeutic outcomes, prevention of new primary cancers, and identifying family members that may carry the same germline mutation. The process of evaluating an individual's cancer history as well as his or her family history is key in ascertaining those at risk for hereditary cancer. Indeed, several professional organizations recognize the importance of systematic and proficient hereditary cancer assessment. The American Society of Clinical Oncology has attested to the importance of identifying and managing of individuals with inherited susceptibility to cancer as a key aspect to oncology care with specific attention to the following areas: germline implications of somatic mutation profiling, multigene panel testing for cancer susceptibility, quality assurance in genetic testing, education of oncology professionals, and access to cancer genetic services.1Genetic counseling is the process of helping individuals recognize and interpret the medical, psychological, and familial implications of the genetic contributions of disease.2Given the complicated nature of understanding genetic risks and implications for patient and family members, pretest genetic counseling aid in both accurate hereditary cancer assessment and facilitating patient understanding. The genetic counseling interaction includes information gathering, establishing or verifying diagnosis, risk assessment, information giving, and psychological support.3Given the established expertise required to assess hereditary cancer risks, genetic counseling is rapidly becoming a standard of care for patients. While not all institutions have access to genetic counseling services, theCommission on Cancer(CoC) suggests programs without immediate access to formal genetic counseling services identify resources for referral to patients needing assessment.4
Clonal Hematopoiesis in Cancer
Authors: Rauch Philipp J. , Steensma David P.
Published: October 2022

Overview

Clonal hematopoiesis represents a precursor syndrome to development of hematologic malignancy. The discovery of clonal hematopoiesis resulted from improvement in next‐generation sequencing that allows identification of low‐variant allele frequency mutations in select genes that provide hematopoietic stem cells a growth advantage over time as compared to un‐mutated stem cells. Clonal hematopoiesis results from acquisition of mutations over time in hematopoietic stem cells as individuals age. Clonal hematopoiesis is not only a risk factor for the development of hematologic malignancies but also to many other processes involving inflammation that ultimately have the potential to impact patient survival. Strategies to both utilize the presence of clonal hematopoiesis in risk assessment for cancer, cardiovascular mortality, and to potentially intervene to prevent these outcomes yet to be developed.
Fixed time formation control for heterogeneous multi‐agent systems with partial unknown control directions
Authors: Hou Han‐Qian , Liu Yan‐Jun , Lan Jie , Liu Lei
Published: October 2022

This article studies the fixed‐time time‐invariant formation control problem for a class of uncertain nonlinear heterogeneous multi‐agent systems (HMASs) with actuator faults and partial unknown control directions. Throughout the formation process, the possibility of actuator faults in systems and unknown control directions between individual agents are taken into account. Lipschitz conditions are introduced to identify the continuous uncertain nonlinear functions. To estimate the agents' local immeasurable states in HMASs, a distributed fixed‐time observer is proposed, which can ensure that the states of follower agents are observed in fixed time. In addition, a distributed formation fault‐tolerant control scheme will handle actuator faults. By designing a Nussbaum function, the problem of partial unknown control directions for HMASs can be solved in fixed time. Based on the fixed time stability theory, it is proved that the closed‐loop stability and the tracking performance can be guaranteed in fixed time, that is, the achieved time is independent of any initial states. In the end, a simulation example is given to testify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
DEA, SAMHSA urged to keep telehealth flexibility for buprenorphine
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2022

The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) has taken the lead, under the mantle of the Coalition to Stop Opioid Overdose, in requesting that the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) retain telehealth flexibility for buprenorphine initiation. Starting patients on buprenorphine without seeing them first was allowed under the public health emergency of COVID‐19. However, there is concern among physicians that if the public health emergency ends, they will lose their flexibility in telehealth prescribing of buprenorphine for new patients.
Antimicrobial and Antibiofouling Electrically Conducting Laser‐Induced Graphene Spacers in Reverse Osmosis Membrane Modules
Authors: Pisharody Lakshmi , Thamaraiselvan Chidambaram , Manderfeld Emily , Singh Swatantra P. , Rosenhahn Axel , Arnusch Christopher J.
Published: October 2022

Biofouling is an ongoing challenge for water treatment membrane processes. Reducing biofilm growth on the membrane surface or on the polymeric feed spacer will reduce operation, maintenance, and module replacement costs. Laser‐induced graphene (LIG) is a low cost, environmentally friendly, electrically conductive carbon material shown to have antibiofouling properties. Here it has been shown that an electrically conductive LIG‐coated polypropylene (PP) feed spacer has both antimicrobial and antifouling effects under a low electrical current, and when implemented into a spiral wound membrane module reduced biofilm growth on both the membrane and the spacer components. The antibacterial property of the LIG spacer is tested using Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the brackish water Rheinheimera sp. as model organisms. Using a voltage of 12 V, P. aeruginosa is completely inactivated in 10 h, while a dynamic accumulation assay employing Rheinheimera sp. showed significant reduction (p < 0.05) in bacterial adhesion compared to an uncoated spacer. The spacer is incorporated into a spiral wound reverse osmosis (RO) membrane module, and reduced biofouling is observed on both the membrane and LIG spacers components using brackish water and 12 V. This study demonstrates the feasibility of electrically conductive feed spacer components in spiral wound RO membrane modules.
Copper‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Oxysulfonylation of Alkenes with Cyclobutanone Oxime Esters and Hydroxamic Acids via the Insertion of Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Zhou Nengneng , Xu Qiankun , Xia Ziqin , Zhao Fangli , Wang Lei , Zhang Man
Published: October 2022

A copper‐catalyzed multicomponent oxysulfonylation of alkenes with cyclobutanone oxime esters and hydroxamic acids via the insertion of sulfur dioxide has been developed. This reaction uses K2S2O5 as the sulfur dioxide surrogate and the in situ generated amidoxyl radical as radical interceptor, thus providing a direct approach to β‐amidoxy sulfones in 35–90% yields. Mechanistic studies revealed that a radical‐radical coupling reaction of the alkyl radical and amidoxyl radical might be involved in this transformation.

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WO3−x/S‐Doped g‐C3N4 Step‐Scheme Heterojunction for High‐Efficiency and Stable Vis–NIR Photocatalytic Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Liu Lu , Zhang Xiaodong , Ge Chengjun , Liao Jianjun
Published: October 2022

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have attracted widespread attention due to their durability to the environment. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop new technologies that are environmentally friendly, energy saving, and compatible to degrade these pollutants. In this study, a vis–NIR‐driven and highly efficient S‐scheme photocatalyst, WO3−x
/S doped g‐C3N4, is used for PPCPs degradation. The results show that the photocatalytic activity of WO3−x
/S doped g‐C3N4 composite system for PPCPs is much higher than that of WO3−x
and g‐C3N4. The introduced WO3−x
has a great positive effect on the photocatalytic performance of WO3−x
/S doped g‐C3N4 S‐scheme composite photocatalyst for both naproxen and diclofenac. Due to the fast photogenerated carrier separation brought by the S‐scheme, the WO3−x
/S‐doped g‐C3N4 nanocomposite exhibits enhanced performance in photocatalytic PPCPs degradation. The degradation rate of naproxen is 99.2%, and the degradation rate of diclofenac can also be as high as 99.5%. This research has important reference value for the synthesis of WO3‐based S‐scheme photocatalysts for energy and environmental applications.
Aptamer Inhibits Tumor Growth by Leveraging Cellular Proteasomal Degradation System to Degrade c‐Met in Mice
Authors: Chen Kun , Cai Jiamin , Wang Sujuan , Li Yingying , Yang Chan , Fu Ting , Zhao Zilong , Zhang Xiaobing , Tan Weihong
Published: October 2022

Current action mechanisms for aptamer‐based therapeutics depend on occupancy‐driven pharmacology to mediate protein functions. We report a new mechanism where aptamers leverage cellular proteasomal degradation system to degrade proteins for cancer treatment. A DNA aptamer (hereinafter referred to as c‐Met‐Ap) binds to the extracellular domain of mesenchymal‐epithelial transition factor (c‐Met) and selectively induces c‐Met phosphorylation at Y1003 and Y1349. The phosphorylation of Y1003 recruits E3 ubiquitin ligase casitas B‐lineage lymphoma, causing c‐Met ubiquitination and degradation in the proteasome. Furthermore, c‐Met‐Ap can induce a decrease in the heterodimeric partner proteins of c‐Met and the downstream effector proteins in the c‐Met signal axis, effectively inhibiting tumor growth in A549 tumor‐bearing BALB/c mice. Our study uncovers a novel, actionable mechanism for aptamer therapeutics and opens a new avenue for developing highly efficient anticancer drugs.
Ultra‐small PtNi bimetallic encapsulated in silicalite‐1 zeolite with fine‐tuned surface acidity for selective conversion of levulinic acid
Authors: Wang Yanyun , Bao Jiehua , Zuo Changjiang , Dong Guomeng , Sheng Xiaoli , Huang Yuzhong , Zhang Yiwei , Zhou Yuming
Published: October 2022

Exploration of levulinic acid (LA) hydrogenation to γ‐valerolactone (GVL) contributes to the conversion from carbohydrates to valuable fuels and chemicals. Here, we obtained a series of ultra‐small PtNix bimetallic composite catalysts encapsulated in silicalite‐1 zeolite (S‐1) via a one‐pot synthesis strategy protected by tetra(p‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) ligands. The catalytic results showed that PtNi3@S‐1 (TCPP) exhibited the most active catalytic performance (95.7% LA conversion and 93.8% GVL selectivity) under optimized conditions. The characterization results indicate that ligand modification and bimetallic synergy play an important role in enhancing the catalytic activity. The introduction of TCPP provides a guarantee for the homogeneous encapsulation of PtNi3 in S‐1 zeolite at sub‐nanometer size. The electronic interaction of PtNi bimetallic, high dispersibility of active components, improved surface acidity and excellent stability co‐contribute to the satisfactory hydrogenation activity.
Multisignal optical temperature‐sensing properties of Eu3+‐doped NaYF4 nanoparticles
Authors: Ma Wenjun , Li Zheng , Lu Pan , Lin Lin , Zhang Mingze , Wang Zhezhe , Feng Zhuohong , Zheng Zhiqiang
Published: October 2022

In this paper, the multisignal (different emissions/colours) temperature sensing of NaYF4:Eu3+ nanoparticles is investigated, which is based on fluorescence intensity ratios (FIRs) between 5D0→7FJ (J=1‐4) and 5D1→7FJ’ emissions. The 5D1→7FJ’ (J'=0‐2) emissions can be clearly observed due to the low photon energy of NaYF4. Based on the FIRs between different 5D0→7FJ and 5D1→7FJ’ emissions, higher absolute/relative temperature sensitivities are obtained. Compared with the FIR between whole 5D0→7FJ and 5D1→7FJ’ emissions, the maximum value of Sa was improved from 0.27 K−1 to 5.02 K−1 and that of Sr was improved from 0.89%·K−1 to 1.27%·K−1. Furthermore, the FIRs between different colours of emissions were investigated for the application of wide‐range multicolour temperature sensing.
Prevalence, characteristics and mortality of cancer patients undergoing pericardiocentesis in the United States between 2004 and 2017
Authors: Matetic Andrija , Ky Bonnie , Yang Eric H. , Myint Phyo K. , Rashid Muhammad , Zieroth Shelley , Paul Timir K. , Elbadawi Ayman , Mamas Mamas A.
Published: October 2022

Background

Pericardiocentesis is undertaken in patients with cancer for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. However, there are limited data on the frequency, characteristics and mortality of patients with different cancers undergoing pericardiocentesis.

Methods

All hospitalisations of adult cancer patients (≥18 years) in the US National Inpatient Sample between January 2004 and December 2017 were included. The cohort was stratified by discharge code of pericardiocentesis and cancer, using the International Classification of Diseases. The prevalence of pericardiocentesis, patient characteristics, cancer types and in‐hospital all‐cause mortality were analysed between cancer patients undergoing pericardiocentesis versus not.

Results

A total of 19,773,597 weighted cancer discharges were analysed, out of which 18,847 (0.1%) underwent pericardiocentesis. The most common cancer types amongst the patients receiving pericardiocentesis were lung (51.3%), haematological (15.9%), breast (5.4%), mediastinum/heart (3.2%), gastroesophageal (2.2%) and female genital cancer (1.8%), whilst ‘other’ cancer types were present in 20.2% patients. Patients undergoing pericardiocentesis had significantly higher mortality (15.6% vs. 4.2%, p < 0.001) compared to their counterparts. The presence of metastatic disease (aOR 2.67 95% CI 1.79–3.97), weight loss (aOR 1.48 95% CI 1.33–1.65) and coagulopathy (aOR 3.22 95% CI 1.63–6.37) were each independently associated with higher mortality in patients who underwent pericardiocentesis.

Conclusion

Pericardiocentesis is an infrequent procedure in cancer patients and is most commonly performed in patients with lung, haematological and breast cancer. Cancer patients undergoing pericardiocentesis have increased mortality, irrespective of the underlying cancer type.
In vitro Applications of the Terpene Mini‐Path 2.0
Authors: Couillaud Julie , Amouric Agnès , Courvoisier‐Dezord Elise , Leydet Létitia , Schweitzer Nicolas , Rosso Marie‐Noëlle , Hage Hayat , Loussouarn‐Yvon Margot , Vincentelli Renaud , Petit Jean‐Louis , de Berardinis Véronique , Attolini Mireille , Maresca Marc , Duquesne Katia , Iacazio Gilles
Published: October 2022

In 2019 four groups reported independently the development of a simplified enzymatic access to the diphosphates (IPP and DMAPP) of isopentenol and dimethylallyl alcohol (IOH and DMAOH). The former are the two universal precursors of all terpenes. We report here on an improved version of what we call the terpene mini‐path as well as its use in enzymatic cascades in combination with various transferases. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the in vitro utility of the TMP in, i) synthesizing various natural terpenes, ii) revealing the product selectivity of an unknown terpene synthase, or iii) generating unnatural cyclobutylated terpenes.
Atroposelective Synthesis of 2,2′‐Bis(arylamino)‐1,1′‐biaryls by Oxidative Iron(III)‐ and Phosphoric Acid‐Catalyzed C−C Coupling of Diarylamines**
Authors: Fritsche Raphael F. , Schuh Tristan , Kataeva Olga , Knölker Hans‐Joachim
Published: October 2022

We describe an iron‐catalyzed asymmetric oxidative C−C coupling of diarylamines which proceeds at room temperature with air as final oxidant. Using hexadecafluorophthalocyanine‐iron(II) as catalyst in the presence of catalytic amounts of an axially chiral biaryl phosphoric acid, the resulting chiral 2,2′‐diamino‐1,1′‐biaryls are obtained in up to 90 % ee as confirmed by chiral HPLC. A detailed mechanism has been proposed with a radical cation‐chiral phosphate ion pair as key intermediate leading to the observed asymmetric induction.
Dynamisches Verhalten eines Abweiseradsichters beim Anfahrprozess und Materialwechsel
Authors: Acheli Sonia , Weers Martin , Wollmann Annett , Weber Alfred P.
Published: October 2022

Der Trennprozess im Abweiseradsichter wurde in der Vergangenheit intensiv untersucht, das dynamische Verhalten aber noch nicht. Das Erreichen des stationären Zustandes kann mehrere zehn Minuten dauern. Zwischen der Zufuhr des Pulvers und dem Abfluss über Fein‐ und Grobgutstrom bildet sich ein Holdup aus. In dieser Studie wurde die Dynamik eines Abweiseradsichters beim Anfahren und beim Materialwechsel untersucht. Die charakteristischen Zeiten sind stark von der Feed‐Beladung und weniger von der Drehzahl abhängig. Für hohe Drehzahlen sind die charakteristischen Zeiten beider Prozesse vergleichbar.
Hyperuricaemia and its association with other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases: A population‐based study
Authors: Yazdi Farzaneh , Shakibi Mohammad Reza , Baniasad Amir , Najafzadeh Mohammad Javad , Najafipour Hamid , Yazdi Fatemeh , Sistani Samira
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Cardiovascular diseases are very common in the general population, and several factors play a role in their development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between hyperuricaemia and other cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted on 1008 people over the 15‐year‐old general population in Kerman, Iran. The blood samples of all patients were analysed for the uric acid serum level, and they completed a checklist including physical activity, previous history of hypertension and diabetes, smoking and opium.

Results

A number of 1008 cases of people were entered into the study. According to the results of this study, 254 patients had uric acid levels above the 75th percentile (6 mg/dl in males, and 5 mg/dl in females). No significant difference was observed between gender (p = .249) and age groups (p = .125) of people with and without hyperuricaemia. The prevalence of overweight/obesity (p < .001), hypertension (p = .004) and low physical activity (p = .033) was significantly higher in patients with hyperuricaemia. The duration of hypertension was significantly higher in hyperuricaemic individuals (p = .022). Overweight/obesity (OR = 2.67; 95% CI = 1.87–3.82) and hypertension (OR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.02–1.93) were two significant independent factors that contributed to the increased risk of hyperuricaemia in the subjects.

Conclusion

The uric acid serum level is higher in people with hypertension and overweight/obesity. Hyperuricaemia increases the risk of cardiovascular events, which can be prevented by determining the appropriate strategy for the early diagnosis and treatment of this metabolic disorder.
Visible Light‐Mediated Cyclopropanation: Recent Progress
Authors: Chen Ze‐Le , Xie Yang , Xuan Jun
Published: October 2022

Cyclopropanes are one of the most important strained rings existing in various pharmaceutical products and secondary metabolites. They are also widely used in total synthesis of natural products, medicinal chemistry, and materials science. In the past years, photochemical cyclopropanation has been gradually developed as a robust and attractive synthetic method to prepare diverse cyclopropane backbones. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the visible light‐mediated cyclopropane synthesis, especially in photochemical cyclopropanation using carbene transfer strategy and photocatalytic radical cyclopropanation reactions.
Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Immunosensor Based on Mesoporous PdPt Nanoparticles Anchored on a Three‐dimensional PANI@CNTs Network as Nanozyme Labels
Authors: Feng Dexiang , Li Lihua , Wang Ming , Chen Jiexia , Zhu Shuangshuang , Wang Shaozhen , Wei Yan
Published: October 2022

In this study, a novel strategy to amplify electrochemical signals by mesoporous PdPt nanoparticles with core‐shell structures anchored on a three‐dimensional PANI@CNTs network as nanozyme labels (PdPt/PANI@CNTs) was proposed for the sensitive monitoring of α‐fetoprotein (AFP, Ag). First, the mesoporous PdPt nanoparticles prepared by a facile chemical reduction method had excellent biocompatibility with biomolecules, which could capture a large amount of AFP‐Ab2 (Ab2) and exhibit plentiful pores to entrap more thionine (Thi) into mesoporous PdPt nanoparticles with enhanced loading and abundant active sites. Furthermore, the resulting mesoporous PdPt nanoparticles were abundantly dotted on the surface of a three‐dimensional PANI@CNTs network with excellent conductivity and a high specific surface area through the bonding of the amino group to form PdPt/PANI@CNTs nanozyme labels. Most importantly, the as‐prepared PdPt/PANI@CNTs nanozyme labels exhibited unexpected enzyme‐like activity towards the reduction of hydrogen peroxide owing to the highly indexed facets, enhancing the current response to realize signal amplification. In view of the advantages of nanozyme labels and the involvement of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, which behave as electrode materials) for the sensitive determination of AFP, the as‐developed immunosensor could obtain a dynamic working range of 0.001 ng mL−1–100.0 ng mL−1 at a detection limit of 0.33 pg mL−1 via DPV (at 3σ). Furthermore, the nanozyme‐based electrochemical immunosensor exhibited remarkable analytical performance, which brought about feasible ideas for disease diagnosis in the future.
Model‐Based Design and Experimental Evaluation of a High‐Throughput Electrode Feeding and Stacking Process
Authors: von Boeselager Christina , Müller Alexander , Tönjes Leif , Shi Xuenan , Wassenberg Dominik , Evans Daniel , Glodde Arne , Dietrich Franz , Dröder Klaus
Published: October 2022

To provide storage capacities for the emerging markets of electromobility and stationary applications, the increase of productivity within the production of lithium‐ion batteries is crucial. A special focus lies on the assembly of the electrode–separator–compound as a bottleneck process within battery cell production. Consequently, novel process technologies arise for high‐throughput assembly technologies. However, complex process–product interactions drive complexity within the design of new processes. Process models, experiments, and simulations support the process design but must depict nonlinear material behavior. This increases the expanse in time and resources for the process design. Herein, an approach to reduce the effort of process design using the example of the assembly of the electrode–separator–compound is shown. The approach aims to identify and select solutions within the process design. Analytical, simulative, and experimental methods and tools are applied within the approach to investigate the design solutions at different levels of detail. The practical application of the approach is demonstrated in two case studies within the assembly of the electrode–separator–compound. The results of the case studies show a profound choice of the process design and a gain in knowledge on process–product–interactions of the novel processes.
Synthesis and Application of an Aromatic Sulfonate Sodium Salt for Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Battery Electrolytes
Authors: Dong Xu , Liu Xu , Han Jin , Chen Zhen , Zhang Huang , Passerini Stefano , Bresser Dominic
Published: October 2022

The two‐step synthesis of sodium (2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorophenoxy) diethane sulfonate (Na‐TFP) is reported, starting from 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorohydroquinone as the precursor. Compared with conventional aqueous electrolytes such as 0.5 m NaClO4 and Na2SO4, the 0.5 m aqueous solution of Na‐TFP provides higher ionic conductivity over a wide range of temperature (e.g., >60 mS cm−1 at 20 °C and >70 mS cm−1 at 30 °C) and a wider electrochemical stability window. Electrochemical cells with Na2VTi(PO4)3 as the positive electrode active material and a carbon‐based negative electrode provide a stable capacity for more than 450 cycles in 0.5 m Na‐TFP. Additionally, symmetric cells with Na2VTi(PO4)3 as the active material for the negative and positive electrode are studied. The cells employing 0.5 m Na‐TFP exhibit a good cycling stability at a high dis‐/charge rate of 5C for more than 50 cycles, which is superior to the performance of the cells employing 0.5 m aqueous solutions of NaClO4 and Na2SO4 as the electrolyte. The design of this bifunctional salt may trigger new ideas for the development of water‐based sodium‐ion battery electrolytes.
Becoming an LGBTQ+ storyteller: Collecting and using data on gender, sex, and sexual orientation
Authors: Felt Dylan , Perez‐Bill Esrea , Ruprecht Megan M. , Petillo Michael , Beach Lauren B. , Glenn Erik Elías , Phillips Gregory
Published: October 2022

LGBTQ+ stories and histories have long been silenced as part of deliberate work by those in power to erase our identities and experiences. As evaluators, we contribute to the process of either silencing or uplifting LGBTQ+ stories. This aspect of our work begs a number of vital questions that each of us must reckon with when we approach an evaluation: What data are necessary to allow us to tell a story? What story will we tell with the data we have collected? And, most importantly, who does the telling of certain stories benefit, who might it harm, and what is our responsibility as evaluators to protect peoples’ stories? Proceeding from these questions, this chapter has three distinct parts. In Part One, we establish a common language. By integrating perspectives from the social sciences and LGBTQ+ community scholarship, we provide an overview of the complex and contextually specific nature of sex, sexual orientation, and gender, and discuss the implications of these complexities on how we approach collecting LGBTQ+ data. In Part Two, we consider the power of the stories we tell to impact the lives of LGBTQ+ people, and the frameworks, theories, and ethical imperatives which may help us to contribute to a narrative of LGBTQ+ liberation through our work. Finally, in Part Three, we offer an example tool for readers to use as they consider how they would approach this work in their own practices.
Mentalizing strategies for navigating the social world in adolescence
Authors: Guazzelli Williamson Victoria , Mills Kathryn L.
Published: October 2022

Mentalizing—the ability to represent or infer the mental states of others—continues to develop into and throughout adolescence. Increased mentalizing sophistication during adolescence is thought to support the navigation of increasingly complex social relationships and contexts. However, developmental science has yet to aggregate the seemingly disparate findings from research relating mentalizing to functional outcomes, such as internalizing mental health concerns, into clear and comprehensive theories that explain individual variability during adolescence. In this review, we describe approaches that have been used to measure mentalizing during adolescence and propose a methodological framework to measure mentalizing as a multi‐dimensional process that continues to develop as a response to the environment during adolescence.
Assessing the macroeconomic effects of China–Eastern African BRI transport infrastructure on Eastern African countries
Authors: Shurong Zhao , Dumor Koffi , Lartey Victor Curtis , Mutiiria Onesmus Mbaabu , Amouzou Edem Koffi , Gbongli Komlan
Published: October 2022

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) intends to enhance China's international integration, strikingly by enhancing infrastructure and bolstering trade and investment links among the economies involved. Poor transport infrastructure and border restrictions are significant deterrents to trade expansion, economic growth, and bilateral trade. Using panel structural gravity model estimations, this study investigates the impact of Transportation infrastructure inheritances on bilateral trade across the Belt and Road member countries, particularly in Eastern Africa. The study considers the potential effect of the BRI roads, railways, and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure network on the bilateral trade and economies of the Eastern African countries. The empirical analysis offers robust evidence that transport infrastructure promotes trade. The study found that transport infrastructure has a significant and positive effect on trade. These results imply that transport infrastructure exerts a strong effect on trade and growth in Eastern Africa. Policies for increasing access and affordability of transport infrastructure are highly recommended to promote trade and economic growth in the Eastern Africa sub‐region.
Zero‐dimensional modelling and bacterial characterization of an aerobic granular sludge reactor
Authors: Plattes Mario , Goux Xavier , O'Nagy Oliver , Untereiner Boris , Fernandez Lahore Hector Marcelo
Published: October 2022

Background

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has emerged as a novel wastewater treatment technology and as a suppressing alternative to conventional activated sludge. The development of mathematical models of the AGS process, which can be used for wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) design and optimization, is therefore necessary to support successful implementation of AGS technology. This study aims to develop a zero‐dimensional (0D) AGS model that can be used in engineering practice for the above‐mentioned purposes.

Results

A laboratory AGS sequencing batch reactor (SBR), removing soluble organic substrate, nitrogen and phosphorus, was fed with artificial wastewater and modelled using a 0D approach. Model development was supported by bacterial characterization using 16S rRNA gene amplicon high‐throughput sequencing. The mathematical model was based on the activated sludge model no. 2d (ASM2d) and extended with both two‐step nitrification as implemented in the wastewater treatment plant simulator Sumo19 (Dynamita SARL) and ammonia nitrogen adsorption and desorption according to the Langmuir model. The variations of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, orthophosphate phosphorus and dissolved oxygen concentrations during one cycle of the SBR were successfully reproduced by the model (all Pearson's r values ≥0.93 and all r2 ≥ 0.86).

Conclusions

The 0D modelling approach was proven to be applicable to AGS. It is possible that the 0D approach can fill the gap that has developed between engineering and research in the biofilm modelling community. The 0D modelling approach therefore merits further exploration using reactors fed with real wastewater, as well as on pilot and full‐scale WWTPs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Context, coping, and mental health in refugees living in protracted displacement
Authors: Nickerson Angela , Hoffman Joel , Keegan David , Kashyap Shraddha , Tricesaria Diah , Pestalozzi Zico , Argadianti Rachmah Rizka , Nandyatama Randy , Khakbaz Mitra , Nilasari Nindita , Liddell Belinda J.
Published: October 2022

There is currently an unprecedented number of forcibly displaced people worldwide. Little is known, however, about how external stressors and internal coping strategies intersect to influence mental health in displaced refugees, particularly whether specific types of coping strategies are more or less effective across different levels of external stress. This study aimed to understand whether positive and negative internal coping strategies were differentially associated with mental health across high and low levels of external stressors in displaced refugees. Participants were 1,216 refugees living in Indonesia who completed an online survey indexing demographic characteristics, exposure to ongoing stressors, positive psychological coping strategies (i.e., cognitive flexibility, self‐efficacy, and hope), negative psychological coping strategies (i.e., rumination and intolerance of uncertainty), psychological symptoms (i.e., posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety) and mental health‐related quality of life. Participants (27.3% female, Mage = 30.52 years) were from Arabic‐, Farsi‐, Tamil‐, Somali‐, Dari‐, and English‐speaking backgrounds. Results of latent moderated structural equation modeling indicated that the association between negative psychological coping strategies and poorer mental health was stronger at higher levels of stress, whereas the association between positive psychological coping strategies and better quality of life was stronger at lower levels of stress. These findings provide evidence in support of tailored approaches that integrate interventions addressing external stressors and internal coping strategies to support positive mental health and enhanced quality of life in displaced refugees.
Furanoate Polyesters/Polylactide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Films: Thermomechanical and Gas Permeation Properties
Authors: Fredi Giulia , Dorigato Andrea , Bikiaris Dimitrios N. , Checchetto Riccardo , Pegoretti Alessandro
Published: October 2022

This work aims at preparing bioderived polymer films by blending poly(lactic) acid (PLA) and poly(dodecylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) (PDoF) and containing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a multifunctional filler in variable weight fraction (from 0.25 to 2 phr). Although the PLA/PDoF blend results as immiscible, the addition of rGO leads to smaller (from 2.6 to 1.6 µm) and more irregularly shaped PDoF domains and to a better PLA/PDoF interfacial adhesion, which suggests that rGO may act as a blend compatibilizer. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) shows that rGO shifts the glass transition of PDoF (≈5°C) to higher temperatures. The addition of 10 wt% PDoF in PLA increases the strain at break (+145%), and the addition of 0.25 phr of rGO to this blend increases its tensile strength (+13%), without significantly modifying the strain at break. Finally, rGO strongly decreases the diffusivity and permeability to O2, N2, and CO2 due to an increased diffusion path for gas molecules. These results highlight the positive and sometimes synergistic role of PDoF and rGO in tuning the thermomechanical and gas permeation properties of PLA.
Viscoelastic Behavior of Structural Epoxy Resins Loaded with Different Carbon Nanostructured Forms
Authors: Raimondo Marialuigia , Naddeo Carlo , Catauro Michelina , Guadagno Liberata
Published: October 2022

Carbonaceous nanofillers, namely carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene‐based nanoparticles (GNP), have truly attractive physical and mechanical properties such as high elastic modulus, as well as noteworthy thermal and electrical conductivities. This has inevitably stimulated a growing interest toward the development of CNT and GNP‐based composites with improved mechanical and electrical properties for application in aeronautics, aerospace, automotive, nautical, and in general, infrastructural field. In this context, understanding the rheological behavior of nanocomposites loaded with one‐dimensional (1D) and bi‐dimensional (2D) carbon fillers is crucial for optimizing the manufacturing process of carbon fiber reinforced panels (CFRPs) and for obtaining information on whether the structure is percolated. This study demonstrates the special ability of the analyzed systems to guarantee good rheological properties, thus confirming their applicability as structural materials in a wide temperature range.
Stress Fluctuations in Glass‐Forming Systems: Elastic Response and Long‐Range Correlations
Authors: Klochko Liudmyla , Baschnagel Jorg , Wittmer Joachim , Semenov Alexander
Published: October 2022

The dynamics of two model glass‐formers (three‐dimensional [3D] oligomer melt and two‐dimensional [2D] polydisperse colloidal system) are analyzed using MD simulations. It is found that the standard deviation of the shear modulus shows a striking peak near the glass transition Tg, which is explained with a quantitative theory. The simulation data well below Tg suggest that static multi‐point correlations of local stress are long‐range. The obtained correlation functions of time‐dependent and wavevector‐resolved stress for the 2D system are in excellent agreement with the developed theory indicating that the frozen‐in stress inhomogeneities in the glassy state are correlated according to a power law.
Survey on the Advantages of Metal 3D Printing Using Laser Sintering Compared to Traditional Metal Manufacturing Methods
Authors: Negrea Cătălin‐Stefan , Jiga Gabriel , Burtoiu Mircea Gabriel , Dinu Gabriela
Published: October 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a niche process that has seen extensive growth and adoption in the past decade in the industrial sector. Among the AM techniques present on the market today there are identified only a few methods allowing the 3D printing of metallic materials to be of special interest for their applications in various domains like the automotive, aeronautical, and healthcare industries. The most important questions needing answers are how to produce components from metallic materials that have superior qualities like versatility, wear resistance, ease of customization, and ease of integration with existing components. Compared to traditional metalworking methods where it has been studied how the metal behaves and morphs during the process and where it is known exactly what to do in order to modify the properties of the resulting component into a favor metal, AM changes everything, forcing a researcher to start from the beginning. While the technology is starting to be used more and more, the need to find production methods leads to consistent quality products and with outstanding material properties. New methods need to be developed to help attune the properties of the 3D printed parts to the requirements of their respective uses. The present study refers to 3D metal additive manufacturing (MAM), providing an overview on the process itself and its possible results as well as hurdles with added methods to overcome them.
Thermal and Dielectric Properties of 3D Printed Parts Based on Polylactic Acid Filled with Carbon Nanostructures
Authors: Spinelli Giovanni , Kotsilkova Rumiana , Ivanov Evgeni , Georgiev Vladimir , Naddeo Carlo , Romano Vittorio
Published: October 2022

Polylactic acid (PLA) containing 12 wt% of nanofillers, such as multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene nanoplates (GNPs), is considered to obtain a non‐conventional filament suitable for additive manufacturing (AM) process with enhanced thermal and electrical properties. In details, three‐dimensional (3D) printed specimens obtained by means of fused deposition modeling (FDM) are experimentally characterized in terms of thermal conductivity and relative permittivity. The results are interpreted on the basis of the different features of the fillers and their interaction with the PLA, as evidenced by a morphological analysis. It is found better thermal transport by using two‐dimensional (2D) shape nanoparticles (GNPs) with an improvement of about 260% respect to the unfilled polymer most likely due to its favorable arrangement and the lower thermal boundary resistance between the two phases, matrix, and fillers. Differently, mono‐dimensional filler like MWCNTs is to be preferred in order to obtain higher value for the relative permittivity, due to the enhancement of the interfacial polarization and the presence of functionalized groups. It is found a value of 5.35 × 103 much greater than that of 3.7 measured for pure PLA. Given the good combined thermal and dielectric properties, such materials are promising candidates for packaging applications with electromagnetic (EM) shielding capability.
Durability of a Soya‐Derived Flexible PU Foam for Mattresses: Effects of Different Artificial Aging
Authors: D'Arienzo Lucia , Incarnato Loredana , Rinaldi Stefania , Scarfato Paola
Published: October 2022

The aim of this work is to investigate the durability on long timescales of an innovative sustainable soy‐derived PU flexible foam used for mattresses fabrication. The foam samples have been submitted to two different accelerated aging procedures, by exposure in an environmental chamber at controlled temperature, humidity, and UV radiation, and by performing cyclic fatigue loadings in a mattress aging station. The effects of the changes on structural properties and foam comfort levels (i.e., hysteresis loss, surface firmness, and resistance to bottoming out) have been evaluated after both artificial weathering experiments. The results show that the different weathering factors reduce the foam comfort factors in static conditions, causing a progressive softening of the aged samples accompanied by a decrease of their ability to distribute body weight. Oxidation phenomena due to UV weathering mainly affects the chemical structure of the polyurethane foam, giving a yellowing of the material, whereas the fatigue cycles determine a partial disruption of the cellular structure, with the formation of very large pores.
Processing‐Properties Correlation for a Rubber Toughened Wood Plastic Composite
Authors: Mazzanti Valentina , Malagutti Lorenzo , Sbardella Francesca , Mollica Francesco
Published: October 2022

Issues of environmental sustainability attract more and more attention to polymeric systems that can be considered environmentally friendly. A class of materials that meets the demand for a lower environmental impact are Wood Polymer Composites, or WPCs. These are thermoplastic polymers compounded with wood fibers or flour, usually coming from industrial or agricultural waste. With these materials, the greatest benefit is obtained by increasing the wood content, thus reducing the percentage of polymeric matrix. On the other hand, two of the main drawbacks coming from an increase in the wood content are brittleness and a significant reduction in processability. In this work, concentration will be on reducing brittleness by adding different amounts of a toughening agent (i.e., a thermoplastic elastomer) and on finding the optimal combination between processing conditions and elastomer content. This target will be obtained by comparing the tensile properties of all composites that are produced with different extrusion conditions with their apparent density.
Effect of Agave Leaves Fibers (ALF) Content on Thermal, Mechanical, and Surface Properties of Poly(3‐Hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐Hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) Biocomposites
Authors: Idres Celia , Dehouche Nadjet , Kaci Mustapha , Lainé Carole , Bruzaud Stéphane
Published: October 2022

The development of new bio‐based and biodegradable composites with enhanced performances is an efficient route to achieve a sustainable materials production. In this work, biocomposites materials based on PHBHHx reinforced with Agave leaves fibers (ALF) are elaborated by melt compounding at various filler content ratios, i.e., 10, 20, and 30 wt%. Thermal stability, tensile, and surface properties are investigated aiming to evaluate the effect of the ALF content on the material properties. The results show that the addition of ALF leads to reinforcement effect on PHBHHx, which is more pronounced at 30 wt%. Conversely, thermal stability of the biocomposites slightly decreases compared with the neat polymer, while the surface properties are almost unchanged whatever the filler content.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of PHBH Biopolymer Parts Produced by Fused Deposition Modeling
Authors: Nobili Andrea , Signorini Cesare , Volpini Valentina
Published: October 2022

The mechanical response of printed dog‐bone specimens of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) in linear and nonlinear regimes is investigated. Fused filament fabrication (FFF), also regarded as fused deposition modeling (FDM), is adopted to manufacture the PHBH elements. A compressible Mooney–Rivlin constitutive law is back fitted onto digital image correlation (DIC) data, as well as uni‐axial tensile test data. Effective mechanical properties are given, which may be used to design and optimize the response of printed structures. Strain values at the verge of failure in tension are also experimentally obtained. Results are especially useful for modeling mechanical response of PHBH, which is an emerging biopolymer with promising application fields in biomedical engineering, through additive manufacturing techniques.