bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An investigation into the added value of integrated facility management as perceived by suppliers
Authors: Van Sprang Hester , Groen Brenda H.
Published: July 2024

Many authors consider establishing the added value of facility management (FM) to be the best option to achieve a paradigm shift in facility management from emphasis on lowest cost towards emphasis on its contribution to corporate performance. Increasingly FM suppliers profile their companies in the market by showing how they can add value for their clients. Likewise, internal FM departments increasingly attempt to motivate (or defend) their budget and profile themselves based on the values delivered. Integrated Facility Management (IFM) is defined as the method for large-scope, long-term, complex, multi-service provider transactions. The organisation taking care of the integral delivery and management of the facility services is under one contract and is responsible for the quality and cost of the services (Elemica, 2012).1 In added value models the added value is positioned and measured at output level: it is the effect or impact of a product or service delivered. Given the extent of outsourcing of facilities services, it is relevant to determine how suppliers of integrated facility management (IFM), the most strategic of sourcing models, monitor and communicate their added value. Two questions arise: 1) what IFM suppliers perceive to be their added value; and 2) how IFM suppliers communicate and monitor their added value to clients. This qualitative study builds upon previous added-value research by Lindholm (2008),2 Jensen (2010),3 Prevosth and Van der Voordt (2011)4 and Gerritse et al. (2014)5 and combines literature research, desk research, and semi-structured interviews with strategic managers/ directors representing 6 out of 10 IFM suppliers in the Netherlands. The results show that suppliers are beginning to emphasise other value domains besides costs. This requires adequate quality of the supplier-client relationship, and suppliers being able to measure their strategic impact on costs, but also on value domains (like satisfaction and sustainability). It is only after the IFM supplier has proven to deliver up-to-promise that the client is willing to consider other (softer) values. Also this study shows that IFM suppliers are limited in measuring their strategic impact on satisfaction, sustainability, and even on costs. Being able to measure the results will contribute towards the paradigm shift from cost to added value. The study illustrates the market need for a value-based management dashboard. Further research is needed to operationalise the FM values (especially productivity) into measurable, strategic indicators and to develop corresponding tools to monitor results.1

1Elemica (2012), ‘Integrated Facility Management in an Industrial Environment’, round table discussion at Sourcing and Supply Chain Conference 2012, October 30th, 2012, Frankfurt, Germany.
Social networks, game-changer for e-money? Will social networks (e-)monetise the payments industry?
Authors: Caluwaerts Philippe
Published: July 2024

The idea that electronic money (e-money) could change the way in which payments are made has been around for more than a decade. Despite high initial expectations, e-money has largely remained a hype and has not reached the mass consumer market. The recent boom in social networks, connecting vast networks of customers across the globe, all seeking to ‘e-monetise’ their customer base, could provide new momentum for the uptake of e-money. This paper outlines the main barriers that have limited the uptake of e-money to date. The complex ecosystem lacking global standards and requiring enhanced collaboration between mul­tiple stakeholders including financial institutions, card schemes, mobile network operators, service providers and merchants, and the sometimes fragmented regulatory regimes, all have to be addressed for e-money to be successful. This paper describes why we may be at the forefront of a breakthrough in the e-money market, driven by social networks. In particular, the uptake of electronic commerce, the boom of social networks connecting families across the globe and creating opportunities for money remittance, the active presence of merchants on social networks to advertise and sell goods online. But, next to social networks, global technology enterprises are also looking into the potential of e-money services and intend to transform the e-money and wider payments industry landscape. Consequently, traditional providers should prepare for this new environment.
Metadata for conservators: Overcoming obstacles to digitising conservation documentation
Authors: Lieu Ryan
Published: July 2024

Conservation documentation plays an essential role in the long-term preservation of cultural property, and conservators are ethically responsible for keeping permanent and accessible records. While the conservation profession has been slow to digitise legacy documentation, Stanford Libraries Conservation Services began a process of regularly accessioning its conservation records to the university’s digital repository in 2018. To determine strategies for the effective cataloguing of accessioned conservation records, internal search needs were assessed to develop a metadata profile based on the MODS standard. This paper describes mappings from Stanford Libraries conservation data to MODS and Dublin Core elements, enumerates useful controlled vocabularies for describing conservation documentation in repository metadata and examines the potential benefits of descriptive metadata profiles to the conservation profession.
Moving metadata from spreadsheets to SharePoint, to an ONIX feed: Notes from a small press
Authors: Diener Matthew
Published: July 2024

This paper describes the author’s experiences while working as manager of digital formats at Loyola Press, with the primary responsibility of converting the company’s trade books to eBooks. Bad metadata can make publishers’ books invisible, and if products cannot be seen, no one can buy them. Yet in the author’s experience, and notwithstanding its crucial importance, publishing lags behind other industries in its understanding of search engine optimisation practices, metadata standards implementation, data collection and analysis, and systems investment. This case study showing how Loyola Press moved metadata from spreadsheets to SharePoint, to an ONIX feed offers valuable lessons for any publisher working with metadata.
Information veracity towards a secure information posture
Authors: Brindley Clive , Silverstone Ben
Published: July 2024

The aim of this paper is to explore the various facets of information veracity, with the goal of unravelling the multiple permutations, methods and approaches for organisations striving to achieve their target level of compliance. Multiple sources of academic papers, commercial frameworks and related industry good practice are analysed to determine if common themes are exhibited. Through this research, four areas are consistently discussed. These areas are information and data regulation, information risk management, information and data governance, and finally information security standards and frameworks. Each of these four themes is then presented, covering the primary objectives related to information veracity. The importance of organisations having full knowledge of data regulations and laws, utilising enterprise-wide organisational knowledge to further strengthen their compliance posture, is highlighted. Information risks management requires the collaboration of numerous stakeholder groups, both business and technology, to ensure an appropriate risks posture is achieved. The role of an integrated organisational, technology and information governance operating model is emphasised as a key enabler to information veracity. Finally, the selection of appropriate, fit for purpose information security standards, frameworks and controls is discussed, with the key premise that re-use must prevail over in-house developed methods.
Scaling mobile money
Authors: Mas Ignacio , Radcliffe Dan
Published: July 2024

Retail payment systems require scale to get off the ground and struggle to grow incrementally. This is due to three factors: (i) Network effects: when it comes to payment systems, the value of joining a network is directly proportional to the number of people already on it; (ii) Chicken-and-egg trap: in order to grow, these systems must aggressively attract both customers and cash-in/cash-out merchants in tandem, otherwise, merchants will stop offering the service due to low transaction revenue and customers will not join the system because they cannot access a convenient outlet; (iii) Trust: customers have to become comfortable going to non-bank retail outlets to meet their cash-in/out needs and initiating transactions through their mobile phones. Until a deployment serves a large number of customers, people will lack trust in the new system, because they know few who can vouch for it. To overcome these barriers, mobile money deployments need to reach a critical mass of customers as quickly as possible, lest they get stuck in the ‘sub-scale trap’. To do this, they need to get three things right. First, they must create enough urgency in customers’ minds to learn about, try and use the service. Second, they must invest heavily in above and below the line marketing to establish top of mind awareness of (and trust in) the service among a large segment of the population. And, third, they must incur considerable customer acquisition costs (beyond marketing and promotion) to ensure that their cash-in/out merchants are adequately incent­ivised to promote the service. Many deployments around the world have potential to scale, but are stuck in the ‘sub-scale trap’, because their promoters either underestimate the investments needed to achieve scale or are reluctant to make these investments because they can point to only one major success — M-PESA in Kenya.
A token-based operating model unifying traditional and token-based operations for security services
Authors: Teis Stefan , Clarke Mike
Published: July 2024

Asset tokenisation is expected to have an impact on the financial services industry in the future. This paper examines the necessity for traditional custodians to enter tokenised markets to propose a future operating model for traditional custodians. We explore the advantages, such as leveraging regulatory expertise and existing customer bases and challenges, including the adoption of new technology stacks involved in such a model. Our proposed operating model utilises a blockchain infrastructure that relies on the use of tokens that spans both traditional and digital assets to create an automated platform. This platform can include the automation of credit risk and liquidity across multi-asset classes and multi-jurisdictional operations. Notably, our model introduces two types of tokens: value tokens (the fully digital or tokenised assets as well as tokenised money) and proxy tokens (among others, representing traditional assets). While value tokens carry value and represent tokenised assets, proxy tokens do not carry value. These proxy tokens are an internal representation of traditional assets that can facilitate managing the intra-day liquidity and extended credit lines offered to customers. Within our proposed operating model, all transaction instructions, whether in the traditional or tokenised realm, are streamlined through a unified ‘instruction worklist’. We conclude the paper with a proposed schematic architecture for the technical implementation of the operating model.
Protection and control of personal identifiable information: The PoSeID-on approach
Authors: Casaleiro Rui
Published: July 2024

Personal data is currently being used in countless applications in a vast number of areas. Despite national and international legislation, the fact is that users have little or no control over who uses their data and for what purposes, and data protection is still, in many cases, a theoretical possibility only. This paper presents an approach to solve the problem of user data protection and control, currently being developed in the scope of the Protection and control of Secured Information by means of a privacy enhanced Dashboard (PoSeID-on) H2020 European project. In addition to an overall view of the project goals, the paper provides information on the requirements, challenges, conceptual architecture and functional description of the main modules. The presented solution complies with the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation and explores the use of the blockchain technology to provide data transactions protection and accountability as well as offer users full control over their personal information.
The 12-point customer engagement model: New thinking on gathering, monitoring and acting on customer feedback to optimise customer operations
Authors: Bhalla Ravi
Published: July 2024

This paper describes a proven customer engagement methodology that can be utilised cross-industry, sector and geography. The paper strips the question of customer experience right back to the basics: Why should I gather customer feedback? What are the best methods? How will this add value? How can I automate customer feedback while ensuring that appropriate ownership of key customer issues takes place? How can I redesign processes or create new products and services around the key moments of truth for my customers? In short, the paper will provide the necessary tools and checkpoints to establish a sustainable customer experience philosophy, platform and structure that will leave a long-lasting legacy in your organisation.
Social media’s return on investment in an integrated marketing campaign: Media mix modelling
Authors: Wilcox Gary B. , Sussman Kristen , Chung Arnold
Published: July 2024

As a brand increases its social media investment, there is a greater need for advertisers and marketers to measure and assess their return on investment. This paper examines the social media performance model (SMPM) using a national restaurant chain’s holiday campaign. It finds that the brand’s advertising spending on Facebook and Instagram was associated with two key performance indicators – website sessions and revenue. The SMPM enabled data-driven strategic insights that were used to impact business outcomes achieved not only through organic and paid social media but also other forms of marketing communication efforts.
General Data Protection Regulation: No silver bullet for small and medium-sized enterprises
Authors: Wilkinson Gerard
Published: July 2024

The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) presents the biggest shake-up of data protection laws for 20 years. This paper discusses its potential impact on the 26 million small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that represent 99 per cent of business in the EU, and which provide two-thirds of the total private sector employment in the EU. The European Commission considers SMEs and entrepreneurship as the key to ensuring economic growth, innovation, job creation and social integration in the EU. This paper argues that for SMEs, compliance with the GDPR represents a far greater burden of regulatory duty than is appropriate and may impede their development and competitiveness against larger firms that can afford dedicated staff to manage the process, implementation and ongoing supervision of GDPR compliance. The paper looks at several areas where cloud technology has enabled SMEs to compete and win against larger global players, but suggests that under the GDPR, such technology may entail greater cost and resources.
Central securities depositories and reform of the settlement process
Authors: Wymeersch Eddy
Published: July 2024

The organisation and regulation of the European securities clearing and settlement business is again up for reform. The present dispersed European landscape calls for more integration as part of the formation of a European capital market, as proposed by the European Commission. These reforms would result in legislative changes, some of which are analysed in this paper, having raised active interest in the financial world: a new technique of dealing with settlement finality, proposing a mandatory buy-in tool as an effective instrument against settlement fails, and an analysis of settlement internalisation, which has risen to levels that, according to the Commission, might ‘undermine confidence in the CSD function’ and in the markets. On the two topics of settlement finality and settlement fails, data has now become available and is included. The third item analyses the use of distributed ledger technology (DLT) in the settlement infrastructure. As part of its work stream on digital finance, the Commission has published a proposal — as a ‘pilot project’ — for a regulation dealing with the main items that have to be adapted upon the introduction of DLT in the existing securities settlement system (SSS) and multilateral trading facility (MTF) segments of the market. For central securities depository (CSD) using DLT, the existing regulation would remain applicable, but the operations would be exempted from numerous requirements applicable today. The impact on the markets will have to be closely monitored, hence the Commission’s ‘pilot project’. The European Central Bank (ECB) has already formulated its position of cautious optimism.
Central bank digital currencies
Authors: Sun Lewis
Published: July 2024

Advances in technology and digitalisation are widespread and affect all facets of life, including jobs, education and social interactions. Electronic devices and high-speed networks have become practically ubiquitous, leading to the rise of the modern, digital consumer, who is positively inclined towards mobile and online platforms and is increasingly the driving force of consumption. The need for speed, convenience, round-the-clock availability and an enhanced user experience has led to significant changes in the payments space. These include the emergence of non-bank payment service providers, private cryptocurrencies and real time gross settlement (RTGS) enhancements. These changes have prompted many central banks to study the possibility of a central bank digital currency (CBDC) as a payment token and the impact it could have on their economies. Electronic central bank-based currencies have been in place for decades. They are in the form of banknotes and serve as reserve balances that banks and participating financial institutions maintain with central banks. The latter are used for interbank settlements. CBDC is a potential new form of money, issued digitally by the central bank and intended to serve as legal tender. Given that these are government-issued legal tender, CBDCs will need to be backed by government debt. This paper aims to provide an understanding of the concept of CBDCs, the case for and against CBDCs and the CBDC experiments worldwide that explore central bank investigations around CBDC usage.
Case study: Using the DiAGRAM tool for digital preservation
Authors: Underdown David H.
Published: July 2024

As part of the Safeguarding the Nation’s Digital Memory project, supported by the National Lottery Heritage Fund, project partners collaborated to produce a Bayesian network encapsulating digital preservation risks and the interactions between them. The integrated decision support system (IDSS) built around the Bayesian network was given the name DiAGRAM — a backronym for ‘Digital Archiving Graphical Risk Assessment Model’. In the words of the project mission, the IDSS allows archives ‘to investigate potential mitigations to digital preservation risks based on their own current circumstances, and communicate the relative effectiveness of different strategies (and the costs of different strategies) to relevant decision makers, funders and other stakeholders in an easy-tounderstand way. This will allow archives to evidence their requests for support based on a rigorous model which will have been developed using the experience of a wide range of institutions’. This case study examines how DiAGRAM can be used to achieve that objective.
Orchestrating mobile analytics
Authors: Johannessen Christopher M.
Published: July 2024

Preparing an organisation’s ability to measure, optimise and monetise your mobile marketing efforts can be quite a challenge. In this paper, we will start to understand all of the business and technical puzzle pieces needed to begin to tell a mobile marketing story, and then dive into the types of analytics data you will need to bring the story to life. We will cover the artefacts and resources needed to tell a mobile marketing story, and touch on issues that might need to be addressed in order to collect data and convey findings, such as technology selections and privacy/regulatory considerations. The end result will be a checklist to get you on the way to orchestrating mobile analytics and enabling analysis and insight generation.
Withholding tax: Issues for securities operations and custody
Authors: Mcgill Ross
Published: July 2024

Two major initiatives to simplify the currently complex, fragmented and manual world of international investment withholding tax are moving slowly to fruition. The European Commission’s Tax Barriers Business Advisory Group and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD’s) Tax Relief & Compliance Enhancement (TRACE) group have both endorsed a withholding tax and reporting model that envisages financial institutions contracting directly with member states to take on documentation, withholding and reporting responsibilities. These initiatives have, at their foundation, the principles of standardising and automating many of the currently manual processes faced by securities operations staff. In a global tax environment fixated on FATCA and tax evasion, the author explains the context and direction which the securities industry may take on these equally important issues.
New directions for data governance in health data? Examining the role of anonymisation and pseudonymisation
Authors: Wennäkoski Anna Aurora
Published: July 2024

Data governance can be considered a commonly shared priority for many organisations. This paper examines the roles of anonymisation and pseudonymisation as privacy-enhancing technologies (‘PETs’) as part of data governance focusing on the health and medical sector. Ultimately, it asks whether organisations should reframe their data governance to favour anonymisation or pseudonymisation respectively. To that, the paper concludes that while both anonymisation and pseudonymisation appear important technical tools, they ought to be understood as part of the wider frame of data governance, where no stand-alone tool seems to suffice. Rather, a wider outlook that also includes organisational and legal measures is needed. Regarding the latter, the guidance seems to proliferate, and in those, reasonable protective measures, along with risk-based approaches, appear common.
Digital engagement strategies in a pandemic
Authors: Lojede Seanice
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses Blu Flamingo Digital’s approach to digital marketing in a pandemic, examining the trends that have emerged and how the ecosystem has changed, along with solutions to mitigate the risk of not understanding how these developments are affecting consumer behaviour. More than anything else, however, the paper stresses the importance of flexibility, that is learning to adapt to an evolving situation without losing sight of one’s original goals.
Enhancing the travel experience and delivering great customer service at Gerald R. Ford International Airport
Authors: Hernandez Tara M.
Published: July 2024

What motivates passengers to travel through our airport? We know travellers rant about tiny aircraft seats, lost luggage and the ticket prices before they travel, but there are ways we can entice them to fly out of the Gerald R. Ford international Airport in Grand Rapids, Michigan to keep them coming back time after time. When big city airports lose the grasp of why we fly, we bring travelers back in. In this paper, we examine some of the reasons we’ve been successful in Grand Rapids with customer service at our airport, and ways you can work to make the airport friendlier, more comfortable and welcoming. We’ll dive into the reasons social media at our airport has grown, ways one can take a small holiday and turn it into a customer service outreach, and some of the ambassadors – both humans and dogs – that have enhanced our customer service experience at GFIA
The challenges faced by blockchain technologies – Part 1
Authors: Tasca Paolo , Widmann Sebastian
Published: July 2024

In 2016, interest in blockchain technologies has been increasing. Understanding of the technologies and investments in the field have been picking up and some use cases, besides digital currencies, are being explored. While several publications evaluate the disruptive power of blockchain-based systems, the literature on the challenges and hindrances to the successful development of blockchainbased systems is still limited. The aim of this paper, the first in a two-part series, is therefore to investigate the most important challenges limiting the widespread adoption of blockchain technologies and to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in this space. The paper is divided in two parts. The first offers an overview of the main events that have occurred in the blockchain space so far by providing an analysis of alternative blockchain technologies applications: digital currencies, asset registries, application stacks and asset-centric technologies. The second section analyses the current challenges faced by blockchain technologies, dividing them into technical, business and legal challenges. To get more insights into the challenges, the authors have designed two surveys which received 295 responses from scholars and professionals with expertise on blockchains. Initial observations point to the fact that legal challenges are perceived as the most important ones, while business challenges are the ones that have to be solved first according to the respondents to the survey. The paper concludes with the analysis of the data gathered from the surveys and a final discussion and suggestions for further research.
Achieving effective oversight where third parties are outsourcing to ‘fourth parties’ in the supply chain
Authors: Bwanya Tendai
Published: July 2024

The concept of oversight of third parties is becoming established in the financial services industry. However, with an increasing number of third-party service providers further outsourcing their services, it remains unclear how much further down the chain a firm’s oversight has to stretch in order to be considered effective. This paper will cover a practical way firms can adopt to assess the extent to which such oversight can be provided with a sufficient basis for the approach taken by the firm.
Industry 4.0 and the GDPR: Two sides of the same coin
Authors: Pinto Ricardo
Published: July 2024

This paper was written with the aim of providing an integrated vision of some of the latest key initiatives occurring in the EU market (namely the enablement of the digital single market, DSM). These initiatives inevitably lead to some significant transformations in the organisations and their processes, regulatory frameworks, workers and also citizens. Some initiatives have already been set and many more are on the list, but technological challenges, globalisation and the advent of a new industrial revolution make it difficult to understand the similarities between the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and Industry 4.0, and the challenges they pose to all of us. In this paper, we intend to bring together Industry 4.0 and the GDPR and understand some unlikely similarities.
Functional transformation of the former ice-making factory in Edirne, Karaağaç, Turkey
Authors: Erdoğan Nevnihal
Published: July 2024

Edirne is one of the historical capitals of the Ottoman Empire that contains important monumental and architectural masterpieces. Since ancient times, the Thrace region of Turkey has formed part of the routes linking Mediterranean countries and continental Europe to Asia. Edirne is presently on the route of railways and highways connecting Istanbul to Europe. This is a rich region in terms of historical value, and has been a centre of civilisation throughout history. Karaağaç, a small district located outside the city, also contains historical structures and natural attractions and has its own distinct characteristics and cultural heritage. The project discussed in this paper — the redevelopment of the old ice-making factory, one of the major buildings within the settlement — forms part of a wider revitalisation study on the conservation of the current cultural and natural heritage of Edirne/Karaağaç.
Advancing change agility in healthcare
Authors: Chen Wei (Sophia) , Leung Christa Y. , Kamath Janine R. (Coelho)
Published: July 2024

Agility has been adopted in the software development industry for decades and has been used in the business world for the past 10 years. In healthcare, however, agility has not been widely adopted or studied but is emerging as imperative for competitive advantage in a rapidly changing environment. Human-centred agility and change in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic has become especially important. Change agility is composed of two aspects. While the first aspect is a mindset that embraces change, resiliency, flexibility and responsiveness to consumer needs, the second is an approach using collaborative efforts through self-organising teams. Healthcare organisations must adopt both aspects to leverage the collective value of change agility. To help staff embrace and develop a change agility mindset, healthcare organisations need to offer relevant educational courses and coaching; teach change agility principles and values by using case studies and real-life applications; and promote the right culture by building flexible systems, providing a safe learning environment and encouraging risk-taking. To grow and sustain change agility, healthcare organisations can benefit by using a continuous seven-step quest: examining the current state, defining the future state, assessing the gaps, developing strategies, executing the strategies, measuring progress and maintaining success. This paper addresses the strategy and iterative interventions developed by the Department of Management Engineering and Consulting (renamed the Strategy Department) at Mayo Clinic to prepare its professional staff to drive a business-focused, change agility mindset through benchmarking, education and experiential learning. The early experiences and lessons learned at Mayo Clinic in change agility are likely broadly transferable to other healthcare organisations.
Supply-chain finance: The new frontier in the world of payments
Authors: Cavenaghi Eugenio
Published: July 2024

The new frontier of payments is called supply-chain finance
(SCF). The core idea behind this innovative concept is the use of
real-time supply-chain data to accelerate payments and help
suppliers get their money earlier. In particular, banks can be
linked up with buying organisations and leverage the information
about their approved suppliers’ invoices, one step before they
are converted into payments, to offer convenient financing to the
same suppliers. There are many reasons why SCF has been growing
at double-digit rates in the last five years. Through SCF, banks
move the risk of financing towards the stronger party in the
chain, ie the buyer. Despite the general credit crunch, SCF
mobilises financial resources for small vendors in a very
uncomplicated fashion. SCF improves the financial resilience of
the supply chain. Many financial institutions and third-party
providers have invested millions of dollars to build SCF systems.
While SCF is still an evolving industry trend, the early adopters
are already reaping the benefits.
The Payments Hub Spectrum: A model for the design of payments hubs
Authors: Farrow Gary S. D.
Published: July 2024

Recent events in the financial sector have given a high profile to financial services governance. In the area of payments, there is a need to provide transparency and traceability of monetary movements. Other changes in the market environment include the strengthening of regulations and the introduction of new euro zone payments frameworks. The credit crunch further highlighted the need to monitor systemic risk exposure associated with settlement — especially for the major clearing banks that process payments for their agency banks. This paper describes a specialised IT component — the payments hub — and the design considerations in meeting the current payments industry business drivers. A conceptual model of a payments hub is introduced and its business benefits described. The functional capabilities of a payments hub are presented, categorised into three areas: process services; business services; and integration services. The technical justification for a hub is presented, highlighting its role in reducing integration complexity and in supporting modernisation initiatives within a bank. The ‘Payment Hub Spectrum’ is introduced, describing an ordered range of functional services. Depending on the specific business needs of a bank and its underlying IT systems landscape, these are shown to dictate a functionally light or a functionally rich payments hub. The business and technical factors affecting the position on this spectrum are highlighted. In conclusion, the Payments Hub Spectrum is shown to be a useful model for solution analysis, informing the architectural decisions on technology choice and on the apportionment of payments processing capability between the key collaborating components.
Funding public-realm revitalisations with private resources: Different approaches in New York City’s small, medium and large business improvement districts
Authors: Luo Yuxiang
Published: July 2024

Business improvement districts (BIDs) link the economic self-interests of property owners to public goals of open space management, economic development and urban revitalisation. New York City is home to more than 70 BIDs. This paper selects three representative case studies among New York City BIDs to analyse how the size of a BID relates to the roles it plays in funding and governing public-realm improvement initiatives. Specifically, by dissecting how small, medium and large BIDs deploy and generate resources for both recurring expenses and long-range capital projects, this comparative study argues that the relationship between budgets and capacities is not always linear. As the case studies demonstrate, although budgets lay the foundation for setting different operating priorities, it is the difference in governance factors, including stakeholder makeup, board representation, management and leadership, human capital and neighbourhood context, that charts different paths along which BIDs go beyond the limits of their annual income to lead long-term, consequential physical changes.
The measurement of environmental, social and governance (ESG) and sustainable investment: Developing a sustainable new world for financial services
Authors: Johnson Christopher
Published: July 2024

The author of this paper was inspired by an article published in The Economist on 21st September, 2017: ‘Ethical Investment Is Booming. But What Is It?’ with a subheading ‘ESG Investment Is Hard to Define and Its Returns Are Hard to Measure’ and a telling conclusion that environmental, social and governance’s (ESG) terms are being redefined to ‘help replace feel-good bromides with crunchier measures’. Many investment firms have continued to examine which of the nonfinancial ESG factors and measures have most relevance to financial investment and are integrating those into the investment management process, in order to align their financial products towards delivering tangible sustainable outcomes. At the same time, the United Nations is striving towards constraining global warming to below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and forging new initiatives, such as convening the Global Investors for Sustainable Development (GISD) Alliance, which ‘is aimed at leveraging the insights of private sector leaders to remove impediments and implement solutions for mobilizing resources for sustainable development’. This paper examines the ESG data and analysis that is available today, along with some challenges and risks that have been identified and aims to set out how it can be used for measurement of ESG. It also outlines the types of new initiatives that are intended to help deliver a common language for ESG with agreed industry-wide definitions, which could be used to measure the tangible delivery of the necessary sustainable outcomes across the wider global investment process.
Sustainability: Mitigating a waste epidemic
Authors: Carpenter Tom , Kedia Anita
Published: July 2024

This paper considers four major trends in waste minimisation: traditional sustainability programmes, design for waste diversion, zero landfill verification, and managing organic waste more effectively. With practical know-how, case studies, and implications, the paper probes into how these trends are intertwined and impact the sustainable practices of a real estate property. The reader will be equipped with an understanding of possible evolving strategies on how to mitigate and eliminate the waste impact on their real estate portfolios.
Supply chain resiliency: Absorb versus respond
Authors: Bloem Danny , Rude Jason
Published: July 2024

Global supply chain shocks are nothing new; history is littered with examples of abnormal demand patterns or supply disruptions, with the recovery from COVID-19 being the most recent. This paper explores strategies for building resiliency into supply chains by investing in capabilities to absorb demand and supply shocks or create the ability to respond quickly and effectively to devastating supply chain events. Each supply chain is unique and may require a blend of strategies, depending on the infrastructure required to produce the products and distribute them throughout desired markets. With specific case studies and theoretical approaches, this paper provides a framework to utilise when planning for business continuity and supply chain resilience. It is shown that many resilient design principles can be embedded in day-to-day processes without too much effort, while for other more critical products more robust strategies must be planned. The core goal of this paper is to outline the differences between absorb and respond strategies and identify what type of strategy is better for what situation. Both authors have theoretical and practical experience developing plans for supply chain disaster recovery and optimising the investments needed to enhance resiliency and preparedness. Utilising this approach to supply chain design, building absorb capacity or responding rapidly to major disruptions, and by leveraging their collaboration with supply chain partners, companies can give themselves a competitive advantage.
Female motorsport fan engagement on social media-based brand communities
Authors: Lick Elisabeth , Bakirov Rashid , Ramjaun Tauheed Ahmad
Published: July 2024

This study explored the engagement of female motorsport fans within F1 team brand communities on Twitter (now ‘X’). Specifically, we sought to investigate why and how female fans were engaging with social media-based brand communities managed by F1 motorsports teams, and to gain better insights into the factors that encourage or deter female fan engagement within such communities. Our research methods combined online surveys and content analysis of Twitter posts. The investigation revealed that female fans seemed hesitant to engage actively within motorsports team brand accounts due to a fear of receiving negative reactions to their comments. The findings also identified differences between the participation activities of female and male fans, as well as interest in different content categories. This study recommends that motorsports team brand community managers or social media managers give greater consideration to the well-being of female fans interacting on their social media platforms and communities. They also need to be aware of gender-based differences in engagement as well as the specific issues faced by female publics.
Approaching regeneration in partnership: Models for private and public sector collaboration
Authors: Sorrell Stephen , Hothi Kuljeet
Published: July 2024

Successful regeneration schemes have always required several organisations to work together to create an overall vision, provide remediation and infrastructure, develop land, fund the development and to ensure the long-term stewardship and management of the developed scheme. The traditional way of approaching regeneration schemes has historically been on a project-specific basis, with the public sector taking the responsibility for assembling the land and undertaking the infrastructure and remediation works and then passing the risk of delivery to the private sector. A new market is emerging, however, to deal with market and other predominant factors, including lack of resources and funding in the public sector, government reports and reviews, and changes in the private sector approach. As a consequence, a number of public–private partnership models are emerging to deliver schemes in a more embracing manner. This paper considers some emerging models and looks to an exciting new era in the delivery of regeneration.
How does brand authenticity affect brand hate-love relationships and buying intention? The moderating role of brand personality
Authors: Rodrigues Paula , Sousa Ana , Lopes Jorge , Borges Ana Pinto
Published: July 2024

This paper has two objectives to understand: (a) how brand authenticity (BA) affects brand hate (BH) and brand love (BL) relationships, how this influences consumers’ buying intention and (b) how brand personality (BP) moderates the relationship between BA and BH/BL. A sample of 200 responses collected through an online survey about the Ryanair airline brand was analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings show that BA positively affects BL and negatively affects BH; BH negatively affects buying intention; and BL positively affects buying intention. The results show the moderating effect of the five dimensions of BP on the relationship between BA and BL/BH.
Mixed-use urban redevelopment and the added-value economy: The case of Ghent, East Flanders
Authors: Amini Niloofar
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic is a transitional period that represents a turning point in the history of Europe. This crisis led to the realisation that a previous spatial transformation that involved removing factories from the urban fabric caused the cities’ dependency on global supply chains. To mitigate this, a new democratisation of the economy, in collaboration with new urban policies, could bring qualitative changes to the structure of cities and their businesses. This paper examines the design framework, Building Block Vision (BBV), which is the solution proposed by the Flanders government for the city of Ghent. In devising this framework, Flanders, by following the principle of thinking small first, examined the local architectural typology for inner-city urban areas. These inner-city urban areas once hosted economic activities, something which has gradually diminished over time. By formulating a spatial strategy for revitalising these inner areas and reintegrating them into local economic activities, the opportunity arises to introduce new ways of living. This endeavour incorporates principles of interchangeability, adaptability and innovation. ‘Research by design’ is the approach used to identify the inherent potential of the inner areas of each building block. Through this spatial analysis, the Flanders government anticipates that social and environmental gains can make a significant impact to the economy, rather than being an afterthought.
Becoming a master: Best practices in attribution reporting
Authors: Burton Stephanie , Powers Andy
Published: July 2024

With the developing flexibility of reporting technologies, marketers have the opportunity to leverage more attribution models than ever before. Despite this, most of them are still only using first-touch and last-touch attribution due to a lack of understanding regarding newer models. By conducting exploratory analysis of the various models, analysts can unlock the ambiguity behind the data and help provide a better understanding of what the models are telling marketers about their customer interactions. This article will show how to leverage reporting tools to compare the models.
Digital privacy: A conceptual framework for business
Authors: Rice James C. , Sussan Fiona
Published: July 2024

On 2nd December, 2015, two individuals committed a deadly act of terrorism in San Bernardino, California. These individuals used the digital privacy features of their cell phones, which resulted in a complex exchange between the FBI and Apple computer about how to balance the digital privacy of the individual and still achieve reasonable societal protection. This particular exchange between government and private business is no longer a leading story in the news, but the question of digital privacy management is still an evolving and important business consideration. A significant number of business, legislative, regulatory, economic and social conditions require that business leaders understand the principles and theoretical frameworks that underpin privacy in the digital age. Financial service organisations, like many businesses, are responsible for significant volumes of private customer data, including names, addresses, phone numbers, e-mail addresses, social security numbers, credit card data and government identification information. Understanding the key attributes of digital privacy is foundational to creating an actionable privacy policy for business to guide the collection and management of non-public and personally identifiable information. The purpose of this paper is to offer a framework for business and explore the relationship between governance controls, information security and digital privacy and, from this foundation, examine peer-reviewed literature concerning the attributes of digital privacy.
Compliance challenges in the world of elder financial exploitation
Authors: Shaw Judith M.
Published: July 2024

As the Baby Boomer generation ages and retires, those in the financial services industry find themselves on the frontlines of the battle against elder financial exploitation. Whether you define an elder as 60 and older, the historical retirement age of 65, or some other statutory definition of ‘senior’ or ‘elder,’ as individuals age they become more susceptible to scammers, unscrupulous financial professionals and family members interested in separating them from their retirement funds. Whether those funds represent a pension stream, a modest individual retirement account or a well-managed investment portfolio, all are attractive bait for someone determined to increase their wealth at the expense of another. As this paper will explore further, several factors operate together to create the perfect storm for those targeted by exploiters. Professionals in the financial services industry are well positioned to make a difference. The objective of this paper is to provide background information and identify possible practices based on a training programme developed in Maine coupled with state and federal laws and rules that will help to inform the development or enhancement of internal protocols compliance professionals can implement to address the financial exploitation of their vulnerable older clients and customers.