bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sentiment analysis study of library services using support vector machine methodse
Authors: Arianty Risa Putri , Prasetya M. Riko Anshori , Subhan Panji Cipta  , Bayu Nugraha
Published: January 2025

Academic institutions' libraries contribute significantly to students' success by giving them access to the information resources they need. Sentiment analysis of library services is crucial in the current digital era to comprehend student perspectives and enhance service quality. The purpose of this study is to assess how XYZ University students feel about the library services thereby applying the Support Vector Machine (SVM) technique. Data obtained through a survey utilizing a Google Form is used in this study to analyze sentiment using the SVM algorithm. Preprocessing steps include data cleaning, normalization, tokenization, stopword removal, and stemming. Eighty percent of the data were used to train the SVM model, while twenty percent of the data were used to test it. The evaluation findings demonstrated that the SVM model could classify sentiment with a 90% accuracy level. This result was confirmed using an accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure metrics confusion matrix. The sentiment analysis's findings revealed that most students had a favorable opinion of the library's services, particularly when it came to the staff's effectiveness and the facilities' cleanliness. But there are still certain areas that require work, including managing noise and adding more pertinent book selections. To increase overall library user happiness, it is advised to put in place a program that focuses on enhancing the quality of a quieter learning environment and providing a selection of books that meet the needs of students
ASESMEN ERA DIGITAL : PEMANFAATAN APLIKASI EXAM BROWSER SEBAGAI MEDIA ASESMEN DI MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH
Authors: Nusaibah Nusaibah
Published: January 2025

Pada era digital, asesmen pendidikan mengalami transformasi signifikan dengan teknologi digital yang membuat pengukuran pembelajaran lebih efisien, akurat, dan interaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor pemanfaatan Exam Browser dalam asesmen tengah semester dan akhir semester di MTs Minsyaul Wathon Grogolan, Dukuhseti, Pati. Selain itu, penelitian ini menganalisis kendala dalam penerapan Exam Browser serta strategi untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan penelitian lapangan (field research). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor efisiensi, ekologis dan etis merupakan diantara faktor yang mendasari penggunaan Exam Browser. Kendala yang dihadapi meliputi keterbatasan fitur auto correction untuk soal esai, siswa yang terlalu cepat mengerjakan soal, dan percobaan kecurangan menggunakan split screen. Ketiadaan Generator Set (Gen Set) sebagai penyuplai listrik saat pemadaman menjadi kendala sarana prasarana. Strategi yang diterapkan fokus pada siswa, seperti pengaturan durasi minimal pengerjaan soal dan auto restart untuk mencegah kecurangan. Penelitian ini dapat menjadi referensi bagi satuan pendidikan sejenis dalam menerapkan asesmen pada era digital.
Deskripsi Nilai Karakter Mandiri dalam Profil Pelajar Pancasila pada Siswa Kelas IV-B di SD Negeri 031 Tarakan
Authors: Agustina Degi Alrinda , Muttaqin
Published: January 2025

Pendidikan karakter mandiri penting dalam pembentukan karakter siswa yang bertanggung jawab terhadap proses dan hasil belajar, sesuai dengan elemen Profil Pelajar Pancasila yang diterapkan melalui Kurikulum Merdeka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan nilai karakter mandiri dalam Profil Pelajar Pancasila pada siswa kelas IV-B di SD Negeri 031 Tarakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan angket. Informan penelitian terdiri dari siswa kelas IVB, guru kelas, dan guru koordinator P5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Subjek S1, dengan tingkat kemandirian tinggi, telah menunjukkan kesadaran diri dan regulasi diri yang baik dalam mengenali potensi, mengelola emosi, dan bertanggung jawab atas pembelajaran. Subjek S2, dengan tingkat kemandirian sedang, memiliki kesadaran diri yang cukup baik namun masih memerlukan bimbingan dalam pengelolaan emosi dan kemandirian. Subjek S3, dengan tingkat kemandirian rendah, masih menghadapi kesulitan dalam mengenali potensi diri dan mengatur emosi. Penerapan nilai karakter mandiri dalam Profil Pelajar Pancasila pada siswa kelas IV-B di SD Negeri 031 Tarakan telah berjalan cukup baik, meskipun masih memerlukan cara peningkatan terutama dalam aspek regulasi emosi dan pengendalian diri siswa. Oleh karena itu, penguatan elemen kesadaran diri dan regulasi diri perlu terus diupayakan untuk mendukung terbentuknya karakter mandiri sesuai dengan Profil Pelajar Pancasila.
Enhancing Credit Risk Management with Machine Learning: A Comparative Study of Predictive Models for Credit Default Prediction
Authors:   IEEE Professional Community, IEEE, USA, Nguyen Quoc Giang , Nguyen Linh Hoang ,   FPT Americas, USA, Hosen Md Monir ,   MS in Business Analytics, St.Francis college, USA, Rasel Mohammad ,   Masters in Business Analytics, International American University, LA, California, USA, Shorna Jannatul Ferdous ,   College of Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, Mia Md Sakib ,   MSc in Business Analytics, Trine University, USA, Khan Sajidul Islam ,   MSc in Business Analytics, Trine University, USA
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the application of machine learning algorithms for predictive analytics in credit risk management, aiming to enhance the accuracy of predicting credit defaults. The research compares multiple machine learning models, including logistic regression, decision trees, random forests, gradient boosting, XGBoost, and LightGBM, using a real-world credit risk dataset. The study focuses on evaluating the models' performance based on metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The results show that ensemble models, particularly XGBoost and LightGBM, outperform traditional algorithms in terms of predictive accuracy and computational efficiency, demonstrating their ability to effectively handle complex datasets. The comparative analysis highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each model, providing insights into the trade-offs between interpretability and predictive power. XGBoost and LightGBM are found to be highly effective for credit risk prediction, though challenges such as model interpretability and overfitting remain. The findings suggest that machine learning offers a promising approach for improving credit risk management, with implications for the financial industry to make more informed, data-driven lending decisions. The study underscores the importance of addressing interpretability concerns and data quality issues in real-world applications, paving the way for future advancements in machine learning for credit risk prediction.
Orthopedics in Sports Injuries & Sport Sciences
Authors: Gökmen Mehmet Yiğit , Bavlı Özhan , Varol Serkan , Karıncaoğlu Ergin , Bilir F. Pervin , Özgider Can , Olca Gürsoy , Sayın Temur Canan
Published: January 2025

Classification, Treatment, And Rehabilitation of Lower Extremity Fractures in Football Players
Mehmet Yiğit GÖKMEN
Effect of Aquatic Exercise on Recovery From Sports Injuries
Özhan BAVLI
Injuries In Combat Sports: Challenges, Strategies, and Emerging Solutions
Mehmet Yiğit GÖKMEN
Winter Sports in Turkey Overview of the Olympic Disciplines
Serkan VAROL
Eren ULUÖZ
Water Sports Injuries: Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Return to Play
Mehmet Yiğit GÖKMEN
Sports Policies of Public and Private Sector Banks in Turkey: a Review in the Context of Sponsorship and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Projects
Ergin KARINCAOĞLU
Pervin BİLİR
Eren ULUÖZ
Sports for Development and Peace
Can ÖZGIDER
An Examination of the Trust Levels of Football Fans in Sports Clubs
Gürsoy OLCA
Pervin BİLİR
Canan SAYIN TEMUR
The Effect of Board Characteristic and Ownership Structure on Corporate Social Responsibility of Indonesian Banking
Authors: Nailil Muna Navyanti , Lestari Henny Setyo
Published: January 2025

This study aims to examine the influence of board characteristics and ownership structure on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The study uses secondary data in the form of financial and annual reports from banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2018-2023. The variables in this study are CSR as the dependent variable, women on board, board size, board meetings, ownership concentration, and managerial ownership as independent variables, and liquidity, firm age, profitability, and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) as control variables. The sample was selected based on specific criteria, resulting in 34 companies from the banking industry. The data analysis used for hypothesis testing was panel data regression with E-Views 9 software. The results show that board size, liquidity, and firm age have a significant negative effect on CSR. Ownership concentration and profitability have a significant positive effect on CSR. Meanwhile, women on board, board meetings, managerial ownership, and CAR do not show any significant effect on CSR. The implication of this research is that to improve CSR performance, management needs to pay attention to board size, ownership concentration, liquidity, firm size, and profitability.
Um muito bem preparado conselheiro e assessor do Marquês de Pombal para os assuntos económicos e empresariais (e antigo emigrante no Brasil)
Authors: Gonçalves Miguel
Published: January 2025

Resumo. Apresenta-se o primeiro tesoureiro-geral do Erário Régio (1761), José Francisco da Cruz (1717-1768). Homem de negócios da praça de Lisboa, membro da notável família dos Cruzes, accionista das três companhias de comércio pombalinas de maior dimensão e Provedor (Presidente) da Junta do Comércio aquando da sua nomeação para o Erário Régio, entre o mais, este tecnocrata da contabilidade forneceu um contributo determinante para a transferência e difusão das partidas dobradas no século XVIII em Portugal.
O ensino não-presencial: algumas considerações e reflexões.
Authors: Pereira Walmir Fernandes , Bordinassi Giovani Augusto
Published: January 2025

A pandemia da Covid-19 acelerou o processo de utilização de tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação, com o uso de internet, aparelhos eletrônicos e plataformas online. No entanto, há alguns aspectos a serem pensados no contexto de um ensino não-presencial, como a organização dos ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem, métodos de ensino com o uso da tecnologia, o amparo de docentes, entre outros. Trataremos, nesse trabalho, sobre alguns deles por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica da temática, nos apoiando em uma literatura de estudos já realizados. O objetivo deste estudo é propor a reflexão sobre os novos processos de ensino-aprendizagem que se darão no mundo globalizado e cada vez mais digital e tecnológico. A metodologia utilizada é de abordagem qualitativa sendo uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados obtidos apresentam que o período pandêmico acelerou e tornou mais fácil o uso de ferramentas tecnológicas digitais e que o futuro é promissor nesse sentido: cada vez mais veremos a utilização da internet e de outros meios digitais para o aprimoramento da prática pedagógica. Por esse motivo, repensar em novas metodologias para os espaços educacionais.
PLANOS MUNICIPAIS DE SAÚDE E SEUS IMPACTOS NA SAÚDE BUCAL NO BRASIL
Authors: Moreira Larissa Nascimento , Pereira Ana Paula Medeiros , Praxedes Marcus Fernando da Silva
Published: January 2025

No Brasil, os planos municipais de saúde bucal representam uma ferramenta estratégica para a organização e gestão das ações odontológicas, buscando garantir acesso, qualidade e equidade nos serviços prestados. O presente trabalho visa analisar qual o impacto dos planos municipais de saúde bucal no Brasil. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada no mês de outubro de 2024, na base de dados Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) com o uso dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) em português: Saúde Bucal; Planejamento em Saúde; Serviço Público. Os critérios de inclusão corresponderam a produções científicas do tipo artigo, disponíveis online, com acesso aberto integralmente, publicados no período de 2010 a 2024, independentemente do idioma. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva a partir dos artigos selecionados. Foram selecionados seis artigos, e pela análise observou-se que muitos municípios optam por atender demandas emergentes de saúde bucal ou replicam modelos de atenção desvinculados da realidade local, negligenciando atividades educativas essenciais para promover mudanças de hábitos e comportamentos. Os planos municipais de saúde bucal precisam ser mais bem delineados e aplicados, com foco em estratégias que integrem ações preventivas e educativas alinhadas às necessidades locais, para garantir maior efetividade no atendimento e na promoção da saúde bucal no país.
RISCOS E VULNERABILIDADES FRENTE À EXPOSIÇÃO DOS ADOLESCENTES À INTERNET
Authors: Chinchette Ana Luísa , Carvalho Beatriz Nogueira Barbosa , Peres Giovanna Suriani , Justino Emilly de Lima , Stocco Igor Gabriel Martins , Jonas Lucas Rodrigues , Souza Wallison da Silva
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: Realizar a análise nas bases de dados e a criação de uma ação educativa em uma escola voltada para a faixa etária de 12 à 16 anos sobre o tema. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão bibliográfica da literatura, foi realizada busca avançada em base de dados baseada nos Descritores em Ciência da Saúde (DeCS) indexados, sendo eles: Adolescentes, exposição à internet, vulnerabilidades, isolados ou de forma combinada com a utilização dos operadores booleanos AND, OR e NOT. Os critérios de inclusão considerados foram: Periódicos e publicações nacionais e internacionais, disponíveis em texto completo publicadas no período de 2018 a 2024. Resultados: Através das etapas metodológicas foram identificados 6.547 artigos totais, dos quais foram reduzidos para 117 após utilizarmos o filtro das palavras-chave. Destes 117 artigos, descartamos 107 e utilizamos 10 para a base de nossa pesquisa. Conclusão: Dentre os perigos da exposição excessiva dos adolescentes estão o aumento de ansiedade e depressão, problemas de autoestima e identidade, e o risco de exposição a conteúdos inapropriados para a idade. Além disso, essa necessidade de validação constante pode levar à dependência das redes sociais, prejudicando o desenvolvimento saudável e a interação em sociedade. Entendemos os impactos da exposição excessiva à internet na vida dos adolescentes, evidenciando a importância de protocolos de comunicação e supervisão para garantir um desenvolvimento saudável e equilibrado.
OBSERVAÇÃO MICROSCÓPICA NO BRASIL (1893-1961)
Authors: MEDEIROS S. A.
Published: January 2025

Esse capítulo analisa o processo de integração do microscópio no desenvolvimento científico brasileiro entre 1893 e 1961, examinando sua instrumentalização e representação através de acervos documentais. A investigação baseia-se em fontes históricas diversificadas, incluindo registros fotográficos, manuais técnicos e literatura científica da época, que revelam a progressiva incorporação deste instrumento nas práticas de pesquisa nacionais. O estudo reconstrói a trajetória histórica das técnicas microscópicas, evidenciando sua crescente consolidação nos laboratórios brasileiros. Por meio de uma análise multidisciplinar, demonstra-se como a microscopia se estabeleceu como ferramenta metodológica, transformando a produção do conhecimento científico no país durante o período estudado.
Complex dynamics in a discrete-time model of two competing prey with a shared predator
Authors: Mukherjee Debasis
Published: January 2025

This paper concentrates on the study of a discrete time model of two competing prey with a shared predator. The condition for the existence and local stability of positive fixed point are derived. By using an iteration scheme and the comparison principle of difference equations, it is possible to obtain the sufficient condition for global stability of the positive fixed point. The sufficient criterion for Neimark-Sacker bifurcation and flip bifurcation are established. The system admits chaotic dynamics for a certain choice of the system parameters which is controlled by applying hybrid control method. The intra-specific competition among predators and the intrinsic growth rate of prey species have major impact for different bifurcation. For continuous system, handling time spent for prey population plays an important role for obtaining limit cycle behaviour. The decrease amount of this rate makes the system stable. Global convergence of the solutions to the coexistence equilibrium point is possible for a particular choice of system parameters. The obtained results for discrete system are verified through numerical simulations. Also some diagrams are presented for continuous system.
Forward and Backward Bifurcation Analysis From an Imperfect Vaccine Efficacy Model With Saturated Treatment and Saturated Infection
Authors: Fatahillah Hakan Ahmad , Aldila Dipo
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to study the saturation effect on the infection and recovery process within a Susceptible-Vaccination-Infected model featuring an imperfect vaccine efficacy. First, we nondimensionalized the model under the assumption of a constant population, resulting in the reduction of the model from three to two-dimensional differential equations. The analysis indicates the presence of a disease-free equilibrium (DFE) and potentially multiple endemic equilibria (EE) within the model. The calculation of the basic reproduction number further explains the model's solution conditions. In particular, we discovered that a backward bifurcation is possible under specific saturation effect values. Dulac's criterion confirmed the absence of a closed orbit in the solution region, suggesting the global stability of the endemic equilibrium when the basic reproduction number exceeds one. To supplement the analytical study, a numerical simulation was conducted to generate a bifurcation diagram, autonomous simulation, and global sensitivity analysis. The global sensitivity analysis revealed that changing the vaccination rate or recovery rate could significantly impact the basic reproduction number. Moreover, the bifurcation diagram depicting the relationship between the transmission rate and vaccination rate demonstrated that increasing the vaccination rate while maintaining the transmission rate can reduce the proportion of infected individuals within the population.
Multi-Stenosis Effect on Jeffrey Fluid Model of Blood Flow
Authors: Mahajan Sangita , Beleyur Veena
Published: January 2025

The aim is to investigate blood flow dynamics through a constricted artery, assuming blood is a non-Newtonian Jeffrey fluid. A mathematical representation of blood flow through a uniform cross-sectioned cylindrical artery with multiple stenoses of different shapes, the first stenosis of cosine shaped and second stenosis of bell-shaped are considered to study the effect on essential characteristics of blood such as velocity and volumetric flow rate. The influence of the stenosis severity, pressure gradient and Jeffrey parameter is discussed to study the blood flow characteristics. The different cases, like the influence of stenosis severity, radial distance and Jeffrey parameters on velocity and volumetric flow rate across the stenotic region, are discussed. It is observed that an increase in the value of the Jeffrey factor results in an increase in both flow rate and velocity through the throat of cosine-shaped and bell-shaped stenosis
Influence of Atherosclerosis on Haemodynamics: A Comparison of Healthy and Stenosed Patient Specific Carotid Artery
Authors: Abhilash H.N. , Yanagita Yoshiki , Shenoy B. Gowrava , Zuber Mohammad , K. Prakashini , Kamath Ganesh Suresh , Tamagawa Masaaki , Pai Raghuvir , Barboza Augustine V.B. , Abdul Khader Shah Mohamed
Published: January 2025

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one major cause of morbidity caused by the progress of atherosclerosis without any symptoms and has a high risk of Transient Ischemic Stroke (TIS). The carotid bifurcation and bulb are the region where the blood flow is irregular, which may lead to the progression of the plague. The flow disruption due to stenosis in idealised carotid artery has been extensively investigated using Fluid Structure interaction (FSI). However, the haemodynamic of patient specific carotid artery has been intensively studied. In this study, a comparison of blood flow in healthy and stenosed (80% blockage in the carotid bulb region) was carried out using Two- way FSI analysis considering non-Newtonian blood viscosity and isotropic property for vessel wall. Haemodynamic parameters such as velocity streamline, pressure, vorticity, helicity, Time-Averaged Wall shear stress (TAWSS) and Oscillatory Shear Index (OSI) were analysed along with structural parameters such as wall displacement and von Mises stress. The comparison between healthy and stenosed arteries reveals that stenosis significantly increases the velocity magnitude due to the reduced flow area caused by plaque buildup. This narrowing also results in elevated pressure upstream of the stenosis. In both healthy and stenosed arteries, maximum deformation occurs near the bifurcation at the left and right lateral sections, with the highest von Mises Stress located near the internal wall of the flow divider. In stenosed arteries, the stress magnitude is six times higher than in healthy arteries, illustrating the profound effect stenosis has on haemodynamic. Overall, the analysis emphasizes how stenosis disrupts normal blood flow and alters bio-fluid dynamics in the carotid artery
Analysing the Aerodynamic Performance of Dragonfly-Inspired Wing in Forward Flight: A Computational Approach
Authors: Verekar Prathmesh , Shenoy Satish B. , Yusoff Hamid , Magami Irfan Anjum Badruddin , Kamangar Sarfaraz , Zuber Mohammad
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a numerical investigation into the forward flight dynamics of a dragonfly-inspired wing. A three-dimensional (3-D) profiled wing model, specifically the right hind wing, was utilized for simulations. The wing model featured a tapering thickness from the wing root to the wing tip and from the leading edge to the trailing edge, replicating the morphological characteristics observed in dragonfly wings. Morphological data were acquired using a digital micrometre instrument, DSLR camera and Scanning Electron Microscope. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of advance ratio on the aerodynamic performance of the dragonfly-inspired wing during forward flight. Analysis was conducted on a single-degree-of-freedom flapping mechanism, with a flapping frequency set at 36 Hz to mimic the natural wingbeat frequency of a dragonfly. Results revealed a notable pressure disparity between the upper and lower surfaces during the downstroke, indicative of substantial lift generation during flapping motion. Additionally, the visualization of the leading-edge vortex formation provided further insights into the aerodynamic mechanisms at play. Overall, this study contributes valuable insights into the aerodynamic performance of insect-scale flapping wing micro air vehicles, offering potential advancements in their design and development
Relevance of KH. Hasyim Asy’ari’s Thought on Character Education in The Era of Society 5.0
Authors: Arifin Bustanul , Baihaqi Moh. Hamdan
Published: January 2025

The rapid advancement of technology and moral challenges in modern society create an urgent need for robust character education, making the thoughts of KH. Hasyim Asy’ari on character education highly relevant for examination. This study aims to analyze how the principles of character education proposed by KH. Hasyim Asy’ari can be applied in the context of Society 5.0, where the integration of moral values and technological sophistication is of primary importance. The research method employed is library research, utilizing Miles and Huberman’s data analysis techniques. The results indicate that values such as sincerity, humility, and discipline in character education remain relevant and can guide the development of individuals with noble character in the digital era. The contribution of this research is to provide valuable insights into the synergy between Islamic values and the need for character education in shaping a generation that is ready to face future challenges.
A 22 yr Cycle of the Network Topology of Solar Active Regions
Authors: Flández Eduardo , Zamorano Alejandro , Muñoz Víctor
Published: January 2025

In this paper, solar cycles 21–24 were compared using complex network analysis. A network was constructed for these four solar cycles to facilitate the comparison. In these networks, the nodes represent the active regions of the Sun that emit flares, and the connections correspond to the sequence of solar flares over time. This resulted in a directed network with self-connections allowed. The model proposed by Abe and Suzuki for earthquake networks was followed. The incoming degree for each node was calculated, and the degree distribution was analyzed. It was found that for each solar cycle, the degree distribution follows a power law, indicating that solar flares tend to appear in correlated active zones rather than being evenly distributed. Additionally, a variation in the characteristic exponent γ for each cycle was observed, with higher values in even cycles compared to odd cycles. A more detailed analysis was performed by constructing 11 yr networks and shifting them in 1 yr intervals. This revealed that the characteristic exponent shows a period of approximately 22 yr coincident with the Hale cycle, suggesting that the complex networks provide information about the solar magnetic activity.
A New X-Ray and Radio Burst Activity from the Magnetar SGR 1935+2154
Authors: Rehan Noor S. , Ibrahim Alaa I.
Published: January 2025

SGR 1935+2154 has emerged as the most active magnetar in recent years, exhibiting X-ray burst activity nearly annually and emitting a fast radio burst (FRB 200428 (FRB1)) in its 2020 April activity, for the first time from a Milky Way source, accompanied by an X-ray burst (XFRB1). The source was active again in 2021 September and 2022 January, but without emitting radio bursts. In 2022 October, the magnetar entered a new activity that included radio bursts, three of them reported to be associated with X-ray bursts. We present a comprehensive study of the activity, as observed by the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor, and offer a comparison with the previous activities. The mean burst duration of the observed 113 X-ray bursts (∼122 ms) is ∼30% shorter than in 2020 April but longer than most other activities. The mean spectral parameters (ΓCPL ∼ 0.82, E

p CPL ∼ 26 keV and kT
BBs ∼ 5.10 keV, kT
BBh ∼ 8.96 keV) are generally comparable to the previous activities but with a softer ΓCPL and larger R
BBh than in 2020 April. The

R
BB
2

–

kT
BB

parameter space shows a marked contrast where two distinctive, nonoverlapping, and smaller soft and hard blackbody regions are manifested in 2020 April but not in 2022 October and the other episodes. The fluence–duration power-law correlation is ∼60% steeper in 2022 October and the other episodes than in 2020 April. The three new X-ray bursts associated with radio bursts stand out in being ∼2–10-fold longer than the mean duration, with X-ray-to-radio duration, flux, and fluence ratios of ∼102–3, 103–4, and 105–7, respectively, comparable to the XFRB1/FRB1 ratio for duration but larger for flux and fluence due to fainter radio bursts in 2022. We discuss the results in the context of the new emission models that propose physical mechanisms for the X-ray and radio burst emission from magnetars.
Interior and Gravity Field Models for Uranus Suggest a Mixed-composition Interior: Implications for the Uranus Orbiter and Probe
Authors: Lin Zifan , Seager Sara , Weiss Benjamin P.
Published: January 2025

The interior composition and structure of Uranus are ambiguous. It is unclear whether Uranus is composed of fully differentiated layers dominated by an icy mantle or has smooth compositional gradients. The Uranus Orbiter and Probe (UOP), the next NASA flagship mission prioritized by the Planetary Science and Astrobiology Survey 2023–2032, will constrain the planet's interior by measuring its gravity and magnetic fields. To characterize the Uranian interior, here we present CORGI, a newly developed planetary interior and gravity model. We confirm that high degrees of mixing are required for Uranus interior models to be consistent with the J
2 and J
4 gravity harmonics measured by Voyager 2. Empirical models, which have smooth density profiles that require extensive mixing, can reproduce the Voyager 2 measurements. Distinct-layer models with mantles composed of H2O–H/He or H2O–CH4–NH3 mixtures are consistent with the Voyager 2 measurements if the heavy element mass fraction, Z, in the mantle ≲85%, or if atmospheric Z ≳ 25%. Our gravity harmonics model shows that UOP J
2 and J
4 measurements can distinguish between high (Z ≥ 25%) and low (Z = 12.5%) atmospheric metallicity scenarios. The UOP can robustly constrain J
6 and potentially J
8 given polar orbits within rings. An ice-rich composition can naturally explain the source of Uranus’s magnetic field. However, because the physical properties of rock–ice mixtures are poorly known, magnetic field generation by a rock-rich composition cannot be ruled out. Future experiments and simulations on realistic planetary building materials will be essential for refining Uranus interior models.
Anti-melanoma activity of green-produced nanosilver-chlorhexidine complex
Authors: Ivanova Nadezhda Antonova
Published: January 2025

This study follows the in vitro anti-melanoma activity of silver nanoparticles (Sn) obtained by “green” reduction with catechins from Camellia sinensis and superficially charged with chlorhexidine diacetate (Cx+). The antiproliferative activity was assessed on human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human melanoma (SH-4) cell lines. The respective IC50 values and selective indexes (SI) were retrieved for both the non-conjugated and [Cx+]-conjugated nanosilver forms (Sn-Cx+). As a next step, the active Sn-Cx+ complex was formulated into a prototype of an adhesive patch comprised of ammonio methacrylate copolymer type B and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in a 1:2 ratio. This resulted in a strong anti-tumor effect (IC50 0.759 ± 0.062 µg/mL) with a high selectivity (SI 4.0) exceeding even the bare colloid’s performance that was recorded. The findings of this experiment suggest the potential applicability of the invention in the local chemotherapy of skin melanoma in its early or post-operative stage.
L’épreuve de la séparation mère-fille chez l’adolescente limite
Authors: Dessons Marie , Montarros Audrey
Published: January 2025

Dans cet article, les auteurs proposent d’interroger les enjeux de la séparation chez l’adolescente, séparation nécessaire pour le devenir adulte mais rendue difficile du fait de la spécificité de la relation entre une fille et sa mère. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que la séparation s’entendrait comme différenciation et que cette exigence d’individuation s’élabore difficilement du fait de la problématique des limites. Plusieurs risques se présentent alors : une mélancolisation du lien, le risque de l’identique dans la recherche d’une mêmeté, mais aussi le danger de la passivation venant faire obstacle au travail du féminin comme acceptation de la passivité. À l’appui d’un cas clinique et d’une méthodologie de recherche alliant analyse des entretiens et des épreuves projectives, nous tentons d’appréhender ce qu’il en est de la constitution de l’objet interne, des enveloppes psychiques et du travail d’élaboration de la perte.
Braking Dynamics of a Tadpole Type Three-Wheeler
Authors: Sahani Medha , Keerthi Bunga , Srikanth Abinaya , Mandara Mahendra , Patil Sharanbassappa S.
Published: January 2025

Tadpole vehicles are becoming more and more common in transportation applications, so it is crucial to have a thorough understanding of their braking dynamics to ensure the highest level of performance and safety. Their unusual three-wheel design, tadpole vehicles offer a unique set of opportunities and challenges when it comes to braking systems. By implementing a modified mathematical model designed especially to capture all aspects of braking dynamics in tadpole vehicles, this paper fills a gap in the frame of existing literature. As a practical testbed, a tadpole vehicle was utilized to collect empirical data for braking parameters. This specific tadpole vehicle has Alto brakes installed. The implemented mathematical model achieved a higher level of accuracy and precision by integrating the actual data. Traditional braking equations were modified and improved upon in order to take into account the unique characteristics of a tadpole vehicle. A complex 3-degree-of-freedom Simulink model was developed to provide a thorough understanding of straight-line braking dynamics in tadpole vehicles. This model made it possible to investigate in-depth how different factors interact to affect the braking performance. The simulation produced precise and thorough results providing insights into the unique advantages and difficulties presented by tadpole vehicle configurations during straight-line braking.
Morphological and Biochemical Characterization of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) - A Preliminary Study
Authors: Silva A. I. L. , Wimalasekera R.
Published: January 2025

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a pseudocereal grown for its edible seeds and has been the staple food crop in Andean region of South America. Global interest on cultivating quinoa grew due to its outstanding nutritional richness and resistance to abiotic and biotic stress conditions. However, quinoa has not received due recognition as a high-scope crop in Sri Lanka mainly because of lack of knowledge about the crop. The aim of the study was to investigate growth and development and morphological and biochemical characteristics of selected varieties of quinoa. A preliminary pot experiment in greenhouse conditions (27-310C, 65-70% RH and 16/8h light dark period) was conducted using three commonly grown commercial varieties in the world, namely, Amarillo Marangani, INIA 427 Amarillo Sacaca and Blanca de Junin (05 replicates each). Morphological characteristics (plant height, stem diameter and number of branches) were recorded across 32-weeks. Total chlorophyll and carotenoid, and proline contents of the fully opened new leaves, and total protein contents of the seeds were analyzed. Data were subjected to descriptive data analysis using Minitab software (version17.1). After 32-weeks of growth, all the varieties reached a mean height of 70-90 cm, and a mean stem diameter of 7.0 - 9.5 mm. INIA 427 Amarillo Sacaca variety showed a rapid increase in height and stem diameter. Total chlorophyll contents were in the range of 2.8-3.3 μg/g and average proline contents were 4.7- 9.9 μmoles /g of fresh weight again recording significantly higher values for INIA 427 Amarillo Sacaca variety (3.30, p=0.05) and (9.90, p=0.05 ) respectively. Total protein contents of the seeds were 1300-1900 ppm and seeds of INIA 427 Amarillo Sacaca variety recorded the highest protein content. Preliminary data showed enhanced growth performance in INIA 427 Amarillo Sacaca compared to the other two varieties. Further, high proline accumulation in leaves of this variety suggests better stress tolerance ability. The findings of this study will provide groundwork for comprehensive future research to initiate growing quinoa as a novel crop.
5G/6G Roadmap Creation and Packaging Challenges
Authors: Ray Urmi
Published: January 2025

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies unlock the true potential of 5G. The ultra-wide bandwidths enable faster wireless connection speeds and high capacity with low latency, providing the ideal solution to meet increasing industry and government demands. Many mobile network operators started deploying commercial 5G mmWave networks in 2020. All have massive mmWave deployment plans on their roadmaps. In response, 5G chipset, device, and base station makers are ramping up their design and manufacturing powers to bring more 5G mmWave services to market. It should be noted that 5G requires a complex new ecosystemThe key to enabling this architecture is packaging and system integration, especially involving an effective antenna structure and RFIC communication in cost-effective, small form-factor packages. As full speed development, demonstration and qualification of mmWave systems have accelerated in this decade, different design and packaging architectures are emerging.

This PDC will cover two major topics: (1) Industry roadmapping activities summarizing the technology needs in materials, material characterization and electrical test and (2) integration and packaging options providing a comprehensive landscape of package development including FOWLP as well as laminate/glass based packaging. The specific requirements of materials and process needs (low dielectric material, copper roughness requirements) will be discussed. Product application spaces ranging from mobile/handheld to network infrastructures and automotive/satellite radars are highlighted. Key aspects and guidelines towards a cost/performance trade-off analysis will be summarized.
Patterning Fine Pitch L/S on Photosensitive PBO Using Laser Direct Imaging for High-Density Interconnect Applications
Authors: Liu Siyang , Nandy Mayukh , Wu Yanze , Yu Hongbin
Published: January 2025

With the miniaturization and enhanced functionality of devices, integrating various components into sophisticated, high-level packaging has become the new direction, moving beyond the limitations of Moore’s law for transistors. The “More than Moore” approach integrates different functional dies within a single package, relying on dense, high-performance interconnects as its framework. Fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) has become notable for its ability to connect different chiplets and components, with continued increase in input/output density to improve both electrical and thermal performance, while also being cost-effective and flexible in design. Such packaging necessitates advanced redistribution layers (RDL) for optimized performance. For high-density interconnect applications, various polymers are explored, including polybenzoxazoles (PBO), which is standing out due to its excellent mechanical and thermal properties, along with strong adhesion to various substrates. Meanwhile, for dense and intricate routing, more adaptable lithography methods are needed over traditional hard mask photolithography. Direct laser lithography emerges as a more flexible and economical option. This study delves into the finest line-space resolution achievable through direct laser lithography using a maskless aligner from Heidelberg Instruments, targeting sub-3um L/S ratio with photodefinable PBO. It also evaluates how different processing conditions such as substrate type, photoresist material, thickness, exposure dose, and defocus affect resolution limits.
“Zero-Power” Additively Manufactured FHE-Enabled Wireless/5G+ Ultrabroadband Modules for IoT, Industry 4.0 and Smart Cities Applications
Authors: Hu Kexin , Tentzeris Manos M.
Published: January 2025

In this talk, inkjet-/3D-printed antennas, interconnects, “smart” encapsulation and packages, RF electronics, RFIDs microfluidics and sensors fabricated on glass, PET, paper and other flexible substrates are introduced as a system-level solution for ultra-low-cost mass production of millimeter-wave modules and metasurfaces for communication, energy harvesting and sensing applications. The state- of-the-art area of fully-integrated printable FHE-Enabled broadband wireless modules will be reported covering characterization of 3D printed materials up to E-band, novel printable “ramp” interconnects and cavities for IC embedding as well as printable structures for self-monitoring and anti-counterfeiting packages. The presented approach could potentially set the foundation for the truly convergent flexible wireless sensor ad-hoc networks of the future with enhanced cognitive intelligence and “rugged” packaging. The challenge of power sources of “near-perpetual” RF modules will be discussed, including 5G-enabled wireless power grids as well as energy harvesting approaches involving thermal, EM, vibration and solar energy forms. The final step of the presentation will involve examples from shape-changing 4D-printed (origami) packages, reflectarrays and mmW wearable (e.g. biomonitoring) antennas and RF modules. Special attention will be paid on the integration of ultrabroadband (Gb/sec) inkjet-printed nanotechnology-based backscattering communication modules, opto-RF modules as well as miniaturized printable wireless (e.g.CNT) sensors for Internet of Things (IoT), 5G and smart agriculture/biomonitoring applications. It has to be noted that the talk will review and present solutions for “5S Challenges” (Scalability, Sustainability, Speed, Security and Smartness) as well as future directions in the area of environmentally-friendly transient (“green”) RF electronics and “smart-skin’ conformal sensors as well as massively scalable “tile-by-tile” RFID-enabled autonomous reconfigurable intelligent surfaces.
Liquid Metal Embedded Elastomers (LMEE) as Low-BLT Thermal Interface Materials
Authors: Shah Dylan
Published: January 2025

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) play a critical role in enhancing the efficiency of next-generation packaging technologies within the semiconductor industry.[1] The increasing heat density in the latest transistor node sizes, coupled with the continuous increase in die sizes, presents a significant challenge for TIM1s. Modern TIM1s used in semiconductor packaging must not only offer remarkably low thermal resistances (<5 mm^2·K/W), but also exhibit exceptional mechanical performance to accommodate the significant warpage resulting from coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatches in the packages.

Recently, researchers have proposed the use of liquid metal embedded elastomers (LMEEs) [2] as thermal interface materials [3] to create a TIM based on LMEEs that can meet the demands of the most challenging applications. In this presentation, we offer material-level characterization and thermal test vehicle (TTV) testing of LMEEs. Our findings demonstrate that achieving an ultra-thin bondline thickness on the order of 20 µm allows us to attain an exceptionally low thermal resistance of less than 5 mm^2·K/W between the die and integrated heat spreader (IHS).

Furthermore, we provide insights into the interplay between adhesion, stretchability, and modulus of the TIM. These are crucial factors for ensuring the TIM has the necessary mechanical properties to maintain the integrity of the interface between the die and the heat sink, thus preventing any degradation in thermal resistance following thermal shock tests. In the end, we present data on the in-situ changes in thermal resistance of LMEEs as a function of strain while cured between two silicon dies, shedding light on the thermomechanical behavior of LMEEs.
Advances in Vertical Wire Bonding Enable Low-Cost Shielding and Wafer Level Interconnect Solutions
Authors: Foley John
Published: January 2025

Fan-out Wafer Level Packaging remains an attractive emerging packaging trend due to the significant benefits coming from improved electrical performance, lower thermal resistance, reduced package thickness, and potential cost savings. Vertical Wire Bonding technology was created years ago and is already commonly used for EMI shielding in RF and System in Package (SiP) designs. Recent advances in Vertical Wire Bonding enable finer pitch bonding capability required for today’s more densely populated packages involving chiplets as well as using vertical wires for interconnect. This paper reviews the latest developments in Vertical Wire Bonding technology and explores the use of vertical wires in shielding applications and various interconnection alternatives for wafer level packaging.
An Innovative Deposition Technology for Conductive & Dielectric Materials
Authors: Etienne Stephane
Published: January 2025

Electronics manufacturers’ roadmaps are pushing the boundaries of dispensing to levels where new capabilities and new technologies are needed. Materials are expected to be deposited at always higher resolutions. Various process solutions are being offered, but these always require tradeoffs. Higher resolutions come at the expense of having to use custom materials, such as in inkjet, or lower speed, such as in dispensing. Ideally,ly, we would discover a a process concept solution that has thewould should combine allow to keep the throughput of traditional analog solutions, such as screen printing, with the accuracy and flexibility of traditional digital solutions, such as jetting and needle dispensing, while using industry standard materials, in a and offering a greener approacsustainable and cost effective manner. With Continuous Laser Assisted Deposition (CLAD), there is no more tradeoff between materials and other parameters. ioTech’s contactless technology is nozzle and mesh-free. In the CLAD dispensing process, materials are evenly coated on a transparent carrier film and then exposed to a laser beam. The laser applies a short burst of energy which releases perfectly consistent drops of material onto the substrate below. The deposited material can then be sintered or cured inline. A very wide range of geometries and form factors can be achieved. CLAD can deposit material drops at high speed and high resolution. The viscosity window includes standard certified materials between 500cPs and 500,000cPs, without the need for any reformulation. Most materials can be printed, including conductive materials, polymers, carbon inks, ceramics pastes and silicone. The CLAD deposition technology can be used for multiple applications. In this presentation, we will focus on applications related to SEMI packaging and µelectronics applications, such as conductive and dielectric deposition. We will highlight examples such as RDL/Fan Out structures and Flip Chips pillars. The system’s multi material printing feature comes with embedded post-processing options such as heat and UV curing, sintering and ablation. This combination delivers a unique capability to build multi-functional 3D structures. The CLAD technology provides manufacturers with unmatched design flexibility, high productivity, and a major sustainability advantage vs existing technologies. As the system process also allows for the concurrent deposition and curing of up to five different materials, we will also study the case of complex 3D interconnects. CLAD and its multiple benefits have been warmly welcomed by the industry, leading to multiple awards, and attracting prestigious semiconductor customers.