bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regional contributions to particulate matter concentration in the Seoul metropolitan area, South Korea: seasonal variation and sensitivity to meteorology and emissions inventory
Authors: Kim Hyun Cheol , Kim Eunhye , Bae Changhan , Cho Jeong Hoon , Kim Byeong-Uk , Kim Soontae
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The impact of regional emissions (e.g., domestic and international) on surface particulate matter (PM) concentrations in the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA), South Korea, and its sensitivities to meteorology and emissions inventories are quantitatively estimated for 2014 using regional air quality modeling systems. Located on the downwind side of strong sources of anthropogenic emissions, South Korea bears the full impact of the regional transport of pollutants and their precursors. However, the impact of foreign emissions sources has not yet been fully documented. We utilized two regional air quality simulation systems: (1) a Weather Research and Forecasting and Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) system and (2) a United Kingdom Met Office Unified Model and CMAQ system. The following combinations of emissions inventories are used: the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-Phase B, the Inter-comparison Study for Asia 2010, and the National Institute of Environment Research Clean Air Policy Support System. Partial contributions of domestic and foreign emissions are estimated using a brute force approach, adjusting South Korean emissions to 50 %. Results show that foreign emissions contributed  ∼  60 % of SMA surface PM concentration in 2014. Estimated contributions display clear seasonal variation, with foreign emissions having a higher impact during the cold season (fall to spring), reaching  ∼  70 % in March, and making lower contributions in the summer,  ∼  45 % in September. We also found that simulated surface PM concentration is sensitive to meteorology, but estimated contributions are mostly consistent. Regional contributions are also found to be sensitive to the choice of emissions inventories.
The sensitivity of snowfall to weather states over Sweden
Authors: Norin Lars , Devasthale Abhay , L'Ecuyer Tristan S.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. For a high-latitude country like Sweden snowfall is an important contributor to the regional water cycle. Furthermore, snowfall impacts surface properties, affects atmospheric thermodynamics, has implications for traffic and logistics management, disaster preparedness, and also impacts climate through changes in surface albedo and turbulent heat fluxes. For Sweden it has been shown that large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns, or weather states, are important for precipitation variability. Although the link between atmospheric circulation patterns and precipitation has been investigated for rainfall there are no studies focused on the sensitivity of snowfall to weather states over Sweden.In this work we investigate the response of snowfall to eight selected weather states. These weather states consist of four dominant wind directions together with cyclonic and anticyclonic circulation patterns and enhanced positive and negative phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation. The presented analysis is based on multiple data sources, such as ground-based radar measurements, satellite observations, spatially interpolated in situ observations, and reanalysis data. The data from these sources converge to underline the sensitivity of falling snow over Sweden to the different weather states.In this paper we examine both average snowfall intensities and snowfall accumulations associated with the different weather states. It is shown that, even though the heaviest snowfall intensities occur during conditions with winds from the south-west, the largest contribution to snowfall accumulation arrives with winds from the south-east. Large differences in snowfall due to variations in the North Atlantic Oscillation are shown as well as a strong effect of cyclonic and anticyclonic circulation patterns. Satellite observations are used to reveal the vertical structures of snowfall during the different weather states.
Catalog of fine-structured electron velocity distribution functions – Part 1: Antiparallel magnetic-field reconnection (Geospace Environmental Modeling case)
Authors: Bourdin Philippe-A.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. To understand the essential physics needed to reproduce magnetic reconnection events in 2.5-D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we revisit the Geospace Environmental Modeling (GEM) setup. We set up a 2-D Harris current sheet (that also specifies the initial conditions) to evolve the reconnection of antiparallel magnetic fields. In contrast to the GEM setup, we use a much smaller initial perturbation to trigger the reconnection and evolve it more self-consistently. From PIC simulation data with high-quality particle statistics, we study a symmetric reconnection site, including separatrix layers, as well as the inflow and the outflow regions. The velocity distribution functions (VDFs) of electrons have a fine structure and vary strongly depending on their location within the reconnection setup. The goal is to start cataloging multidimensional fine-structured electron velocity distributions showing different reconnection processes in the Earth's magnetotail under various conditions. This will enable a direct comparison with observations from, e.g., the NASA Magnetospheric MultiScale (MMS) mission, to identify reconnection-related events. We find regions with strong non-gyrotropy also near the separatrix layer and provide a refined criterion to identify an electron diffusion region in the magnetotail. The good statistical significance of this work for relatively small analysis areas reveals the gradual changes within the fine structure of electron VDFs depending on their sampling site.
Nitrogen isotopic composition of plants and soil in an arid mountainous terrain: sunny slope versus shady slope
Authors: Chen Chongjuan , Jia Yufu , Chen Yuzhen , Mehmood Imran , Fang Yunting , Wang Guoan
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Nitrogen cycling is tightly associated with environment. Sunny slope of a given mountain could significantly differ from shady slope in environment. Thus, N cycling should also be different between the two slopes. Since leaf δ15N, soil δ15N and △δ15Nleaf-soil (△δ15Nleaf-soil = leaf δ15N − soil δ15N) could reflect the N cycling characteristics, we put forward a hypothesis that leaf δ15N, soil δ15N and △δ15Nleaf-soil should differ across the two slopes. However, such a comparative study between two slopes has never been conducted yet. In addition, environmental effects on leaf and soil δ15N derived from studies at global scale were often found to be different from that at regional scale. This led to our argument that environmental effects on leaf and soil δ15N could depend on local environment. To confirm our hypothesis and argument, we measured leaf and soil δ15N on the sunny and shady slopes of Mount Tianshan. Remarkable environment differences between the two slopes provided an ideal opportunity for our test. The study showed that leaf δ15N, soil δ15N and △δ15Nleaf-soil on the sunny slope were greater than that on the shady slope although the difference in soil δ15N was not significant. The result confirmed our hypothesis and suggested that the sunny slope has higher soil N transformation rates and soil N availability than the shady slope. Besides, this study observed that the significant influential factors of leaf δ15N were temperature, precipitation, leaf N, leaf C / N and silt / clay ratio on the shady slope, whereas on the sunny slope only leaf C / N was related to leaf δ15N. The significant influential factors of soil δ15N were temperature, precipitation and silt / clay ratio on the shady slope, whereas on the sunny slope MAP and soil moisture exerted significant effects. Precipitation exerted contrary effects on soil δ15N between the two slopes. Thus, this study supported our argument that the relationships between leaf and soil δ15N and environmental factors are local-dependent.
Smaller global and regional carbon emissions from gross land use change when considering sub-grid secondary land cohorts in a global dynamic vegetation model
Authors: Yue Chao , Ciais Philippe , Li Wei
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Several modeling studies reported elevated carbon emissions from historical land use change (LUC) by including bi-directional transitions at the sub-grid scale (termed gross land use change). This has implication on the estimation of so-called residual land CO2 sink over undisturbed lands. However, in most dynamic global vegetation models (DGVM), forests and/or other land use types are represented with a single sub-grid tile, without accounting for secondary lands that are often involved in shifting cultivation or wood harvest. As a result, land use change emissions (ELUC) are likely overestimated, because it is high-biomass mature forests instead of low-biomass secondary forests that are cleared. Here we investigated the effects of including sub-grid forest age dynamics in a DGVM on historical ELUC over 1501–2005. We run two simulations, one with no forest age (Sageless) and the other with sub-grid secondary forests of different age classes whose demography is driven by historical land use change (Sage). Estimated global ELUC for 1501–2005 are 179 Pg C in Sage compared to 199 Pg C in Sageless. The lower emissions in Sage arise mainly from shifting cultivation in the tropics, being of 27 Pg C in Sage against 46 Pg C in Sageless. Estimated cumulative ELUC from wood harvest in the Sage simulation (31 Pg C) are however slightly higher than Sageless (27 Pg C), because secondary forests simulated in Sage are insufficient to meet the prescribed harvest area, leading to the harvest of old forests. This result depends on pre-defined forest clearing priority rules given a simulated portfolio of differently aged forests in the model. Our results highlight that although gross land use change as a former missing emission component is included by a growing number of DGVMs, its contribution to overall ELUC tends to be overestimated, unless low-biomass secondary forests are properly represented.
Development and prospects of the regional MiKlip decadal
prediction system over Europe: Predictive skill, added value of
regionalization and ensemble size dependency
Authors: Reyers Mark , Feldmann Hendrik , Mieruch Sebastian , Pinto Joaquim G. , Uhlig Marianne , Ahrens Bodo , Früh Barbara , Kameshvar Modali , Laube Natalie , Mömken Julia , Müller Wolfgang , Schädler Gerd , Kottmeier Christoph
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The current state of development and prospects of the regional MiKlip decadal prediction system for Europe are analysed. The Miklip regional system consists of two 10-member hindcast ensembles computed with the global coupled model MPI-ESM-LR downscaled for the European region with COSMO-CLM to a horizontal resolution of 0.22° (~ 25 km). Prediction skills are computed for temperature, precipitation, and wind speed using E-OBS and an ERA-Interim driven COSMO-CLM simulation as verification datasets. Focus is given to the eight European PRUDENCE regions and to lead 20 years 1–5 after initialization. Evidence of the general potential for regional decadal predictability for all three variables is provided. For example, the initialized hindcasts outperform the uninitialized historical runs for some key regions in Europe and for some variables both in terms of accuracy and reliability. However, forecast skill is not detected in all cases, but it depends on the variable, the region, and the hindcast generation. A comparison of the downscaled hindcasts with the global MPI-ESM-LR runs reveals that the MiKlip prediction system may distinctly benefit from regionalization, in particular for 25 parts of Southern Europe and for Scandinavia. The forecast accuracy and the reliability of the MiKlip ensemble is systematically enhanced when the ensemble size is stepwise increased, and a number of 10 members is found to be suitable for decadal predictions. This result is valid for all variables and European regions in both the global and regional MiKlip ensemble. The predictive skill improves distinctly, particularly for temperature, when retaining the long-term trend in the time series. The present results are encouraging towards the development of a regional decadal prediction system.
Effects of Micro-Arrangement of Solid Particles on PCE Migration and Its Remediation in Porous Media
Authors: Wu Ming , Wu Jianfeng , Wu Jichun , Hu Bill X.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Groundwater can be stored abundantly in granula-composed aquifers with high permeability. The micro-structure of granular materials has important effect on aquifer permeability; and the contaminant migration and remediation in aquifers is also influenced by the characteristics of porous media. In this study, two different microscale arrangements of sand particles are examined to reveal the effects of micro-structure on the contaminant migration and remediation. With the help of fractal theory, the mathematical expressions of permeability and entry pressure are conducted to delineate granular materials with regular triangle arrangement (RTA) and square pitch arrangement (SPA) at microscale. Using Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS) method, a synthetic heterogeneous site contaminated by Perchloroethylene (PCE) is then used to investigate the migration and remediation affected by the two different micro-scale arrangements. PCE is released from an underground storage tank into the aquifer and the surfactant is used to clean up the subsurface environment. Results suggest that RTA not only can cause larger range of groundwater contamination, but also can cause harder remediation for contaminated aquifer. The PCE remediation efficiency of 60.01 %–99.78 % with a mean of 92.52 % and 65.53 %–99.74 % with a mean of 95.83 % are achieved for 200 individual heterogeneous realizations based on the RTA and SPA, respectively, indicating that the cleanup of PCE in aquifer with SPA is significantly easier. This study leads to a new understanding of the microstructures of porous media and demonstrates how micro-scale arrangements control contaminant migration in aquifers, which is helpful to design successful remediation scheme for underground storage tank spill.
Comparison of CryoSat-2 and ENVISAT radar freeboard over Arctic sea ice: toward an improved Envisat freeboard retrieval
Authors: Guerreiro Kevin , Fleury Sara , Zakharova Elena , Kouraev Alexei , Rémy Frédérique , Maisongrande Philippe
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Over the past decade, sea-ice freeboard has been monitored with various satellite altimetric missions with the aim of producing long-term time series of ice thickness. While recent studies have demonstrated the capacity of the CryoSat-2 mission (2010–present) to provide accurate freeboard measurements, the current estimates obtained with the Envisat mission (2002–2012) still require some large improvements. In this study, we first estimate Envisat and CryoSat-2 radar freeboard by using the exact same processing algorithms. We then analyse the freeboard difference between the two estimates over the common winter periods (November 2010–April 2011 and November 2011–March 2012). The analysis of along-track data and gridded radar freeboard in conjunction with Envisat pulse-peakiness (PP) maps suggests that the discrepancy between the two sensors is related to the surface properties of sea-ice floes and to the use of a threshold retracker. Based on the relation between the Envisat pulse peakiness and the radar freeboard difference between Envisat and CryoSat-2, we produce a monthly CryoSat-2-like version of Envisat freeboard. The improved Envisat data set freeboard displays a similar spatial distribution to CryoSat-2 (RMSD  =  1.5 cm) during the two ice growth seasons and for all months of the period of study. The comparison of the altimetric data sets with in situ ice draught measurements during the common flight period shows that the improved Envisat data set (RMSE  =  12–28 cm) is as accurate as CryoSat-2 (RMSE  =  15–21 cm) and much more accurate than the uncorrected Envisat data set (RMSE  =  178–179 cm). The comparison of the improved Envisat radar freeboard data set is then extended to the rest of the Envisat mission to demonstrate the validity of PP correction from the calibration period. The good agreement between the improved Envisat data set and the in situ ice draught data set (RMSE  =  13–32 cm) demonstrates the potential of the PP correction to produce accurate freeboard estimates over the entire Envisat mission lifetime.
Estimating interaction between surface water and groundwater in a permafrost region using heat tracing methods
Authors: Gao Tanguang , Liu Jie , Zhang Tingjun , Hu Yuantao , Shang Jianguo , Wang Shufa , Xiao Xiongxin , Liu Chuankun , Kang Shichang , Sillanpää Mika , Zhang Yulan
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Understanding the interactions between groundwater and surface water in permafrost regions is essential to the understanding of flood frequencies and river water quality of high latitude/altitude basins. The application of heat tracing methods, based on oscillating streambed temperature signals, is a promising geophysical method for identifying and quantifying the groundwater and surface water interactions. Analytical analysis based on one-dimensional convective-conductive heat transport equation combined with the fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing measurements were applied on a streambed of a mountainous permafrost region in the Yeniugou basin of northern Tibetan Plateau. The results indicated that low connectivity between the stream and groundwater in permafrost and active layer. The interaction between surface water and groundwater increased with thawing of the active layer. This study demonstrates that heat tracing method can be applied to study surface water-groundwater interactions over temporal and spatial scales in permafrost regions.
Effects of short-term variability of meteorological variables on soil temperature in permafrost regions
Authors: Beer Christian , Porada Philipp , Ekici Altug , Brakebusch Matthias
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Effects of the short-term temporal variability of meteorological variables on soil temperature in northern high latitude regions have been investigated. For this, a process-oriented land surface model has been driven using an artificially manipulated climate dataset. Climate variability mainly impacts snow depth, and the thermal diffusivity of lichens and bryophytes. This latter effect is of opposite direction in summer and winter in most regions. These impacts of climate variability on insulating surface layers together substantially alter the heat exchange between atmosphere and soil. As a result, soil temperature is 0.1 to 0.8 °C higher when climate variability is reduced. Earth system models project warming of the Arctic region but also increasing variability of meteorological variables and more often extreme meteorological events. Therefore, our results show that projected future increases in permafrost temperature and active-layer thickness in response to climate change will be lower i) when taking into account future changes in short-term variability of meteorological variables, and ii) when representing dynamic snow and lichen and bryophyte functions in land surface models.
Investigating the Impact of Teachers’ Interaction Strategies on Enhancing EFL Students’ Contributions at King Abdulaziz University: A Classroom Discourse Analysis
Authors: Abdullah Al-Ghamdi Hanaa , Al-Bargi Abdullah
Published: September 2017

This qualitatively designed study investigated the interaction strategies employed by English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers to enhance students’ contributions during classroom interaction, as well as exploring the impact of these strategies on Saudi EFL students’ verbal discourse in English Language Institute (ELI) at King Abdulaziz University. Nine teachers, along with their respective students participated in this study recording a ten-hour video and audio recordings representing the study’s primary data. All recorded (video and audio) data was transcribed and an Interaction Analysis (IA) approach was adopted for analyzing teachers’ and students’ classroom discourse. The findings indicated that EFL teachers attempted to enhance students’ contributions in various ways, and that the strategies used by teachers had varying impact on students’ classroom discourse. In addition, findings suggested that students’ verbal discourse could be developed with a relatively higher degree of teachers’ extended strategies and use of backchannels. Pedagogical implications, recommendations, and suggestions for further research were presented at the end of this study.
La suspensión del derecho a sufragio de las personas privadas de libertad como un acto de discriminación
Authors: Müller Guzmán Karl , Vicencio Rojas Evelyn
Published: September 2017

En este trabajo se desarrollan tanto las razones que justifican como aquellas que rechazan la pérdida del derecho de sufragio a quien se encuentre privado de libertad. Asimismo, se explica la antinomia que existe entre el artículo 16 número 2 de la Constitución que consagra la suspensión del derecho de sufragio a la persona acusada por delito que merezca pena aflictiva o por delito

que la ley califique como conducta terrorista,y lo dispuesto en el artículo 23 número 2 de la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos que permite limitar tal derecho respecto de personas condenadas por juez competente

en proceso penal. Esta situación, a su vez, puede generar responsabilidad internacional del Estado.
Revisión de la jurisprudencia administrativa de la Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros en relación a la oferta pública y privada de valores en Chile
Authors: Valderrama Venegas Mario
Published: September 2017

Este artículo presenta un panorama de la interpretación administrativa de la Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros en relación al concepto de oferta pública/privada de valores, conforme a la Ley 18.045 de Mercado de Valores. Además, realiza algunos breves comentarios al régimen de excepción de inscripción en el registro de valores. La

presente contribución tiene por objeto dar mayor claridad respecto a conceptos básicos para la aplicación de la Ley 18.045 en Chile.
Distribuição intraurbana da temperatura do ar/conforto térmico e condições de vida no Aglomerado Urbano da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba
Authors: Dumke Eliane , De Assis Mendonça Francisco
Published: September 2017

Curitiba se destaca pelo planejamento urbano. Porém, devido ao acelerado crescimento urbano nas últimas décadas, a cidade se desenvolveu vertical e arealmente envolvendo os municípios vizinhos, formando o Aglomerado Urbano da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba (AU-RMC). O clima urbano revela significativa variabilidade na área urbanizada e resulta em diferentes graus de conforto térmico. Curitiba apresenta desconforto térmico por frio durante o ano e com mais intensidade no inverno, acarretando problemas para a população. A pesquisa se fundamenta nas propostas teórico-metodológicas de Mendonça (2004b; 2010), verificando as relações sociedade/natureza, espaço/tempo (clima) e a interação global/local. A partir da cartografia dos elementos do sítio, do fato urbano e de sua correlação, elaborou-se a setorização espacial da cidade, que orientou a geração da rede de monitoramento em campo. A análise temporal resultou na caracterização do clima local sob os aspectos dinâmicos da atmosfera e contextualizou o experimento, indicando os dias representativos de inverno. A Termografia de Superfície, mediante imagem de satélite Landsat 5, possibilitou uma averiguação detalhada da variabilidade do clima intraurbano quanto a temperatura da superfície e sua influencia na temperatura do ar. Os dados climáticos foram coletados in situ em 16 locais selecionados, em 21 agosto de 2006. Confrontando os graus de desconforto térmico com a classificação das condições de vida/qualidade de vida nos locais amostrados, verificou-se a coincidência entre o desconforto pelo frio e por amplitudes térmicas diárias, especialmente onde a pobreza se estabeleceu, devido a configuração socioespacial urbana. Agravam-se assim, os baixos índices de qualidade de vida e a vulnerabilidade socioambiental frente ao clima urbano no período de inverno. Esse artigo se baseia em Dumke (2007) e suas atualizações, traçando um breve panorama para orientar novas pesquisas sobre o tema.
Educação e identidade nacional argentina (1884-1913)
Authors: Néia Vitor Hugo Silva
Published: September 2017

Na segunda metade do século XIX, a educação pública passou a desempenhar papel central para o fortalecimento institucional do Estado argentino e a consolidação da identidade nacional. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é discutir a relação entre escola e nacionalidade, tendo como recorte dois temas fundamentais para a história educacional do país: a promulgação da Lei de Educação Comum, em 1884, e o projeto de educação patriótica capitaneado pelo Conselho Nacional de Educação durante a gestão de Ramos Mejía (1908-1913). Partindo da análise de seus significados e desdobramentos, pretende-se demonstrar como as políticas públicas educacionais contribuíram para selecionar e difundir os elementos mais convenientes à formação simbólica da nação, inviabilizando aspectos culturais e sujeitos sociais vistos à margem da verdadeira “argentinidade”.Education and Argentinian national identity (1884-1913). Abstract: In the second half of the 19th century, public education started to play a vital role to Argentinian State institutional strengthening and national identity consolidation. This article aims to discuss relation between school and nationality, by means of two central subjects on educational history of the country: Common Education Law of 1884 and patriotic education project, headed by National Council of Education during Ramos Mejía administration (1908-1913). Based on analyses of its meanings and deployments, it seeks to demonstrate how public policies contributed to select and disseminate most convenient elements to symbolic formation of the Nation, making invisible cultural aspects and social individuals seen as apart from the truly “Argentinity”. Keywords: education; Argentina; national identity; History of Education.
Aurora Collegial: um jornal dos alunos do Colégio Anchieta
Authors: Mendonça Ligia Bahia
Published: September 2017

Os periódicos escolares exerceram o papel de divulgadores e reforçadores das ideias e práticas de dadas instituições, ao mesmo tempo em que possibilita aos historiadores visitar e compreender aquela realidade. Este artigo investiga o jornal Aurora Collegial (1905-1922) produzido pelos alunos do Colégio Anchieta, à luz da História Cultural. Tomo o periódico como objeto e fonte de modo a poder historiar, através dos indícios do cotidiano escolar, valores, costumes e interesses que balizavam a educação jesuíta nos anos iniciais do século XX. Tratando o objeto/fonte na materialidade, reflito sobre as representações que difunde por práticas, formação religiosa e educação. A pesquisa pretende colaborar com os estudos sobre os periódicos escolares em instituições religiosas.Aurora Collegial: a journal of students of the Anchieta College. School journal shave played the role of disseminators and reinforcers of ideas and practices of certain institutions, at the same time that haveen abled historians to visit and understand such reality. This article investigates the Aurora Collegial periodical (1905-1922) produced by the students of Anchieta College, in the light of Cultural History. I take the periodical as na object and source of narrating facts, through the evidence ofeveryday school life, values, customs and interests that marked Jesuit education in the early years of the twentieth century. By treating the object / source in materiality, I reflect on the representations that spread through practices, religious formation, and education. The research intends to collaborate with the studies on the school periodicals in religious institutions. Keywords: Aurora Collegial; Jesuit education; School periodical.
O Memorial do Colégio Dom Bosco de Petrolina-PE (1996-2015)
Authors: Pereira Jardel Costa , Pereira Rozângela Do Nascimento
Published: September 2017

Há várias formas de escrever a história da educação e da pedagogia. A maneira escolhida e apresentada nesse trabalho é um memorial escolar, que pode ser um instrumento importante onde se encontra documentos reveladores de como era a escola no passado. O manejo de fontes documentais e de arquivo, a consolidação de centro de memória educativos e pedagógicos, são aqui apresentados como uma possibilidade e um local de aprendizado/treinamento de futuros historiadores/pesquisadores; uma prática que pode, unida à teoria, atrair jovens estudantes tanto da área da Pedagogia como também da História. Um outro foco importante também desse trabalho é perceber como um teórico constrói os seus objetos de estudo e de como esses podem ser utilizados pela História da Educação e da Pedagogia. The Memorial of Dom Bosco College of Petrolina-PE (1996-2015). There are many ways to write the History of Education and Pedagogy. The one chosen and presented in this work is a school memorial, a very important instrument, with which one can find documents that reveal how schools worked in the past. This work presents the handling of document and file sources and the consolidation of educational and pedagogical memorial centers as a possibility and a place to learn/train future historians/researches; a practice that may, along with theory, attract young students in Pedagogy and History fields. Another important focus of this work is to note how a theoretician creates their study objects and how they can be used by the History of Education and Pedagogy. Keywords: Memorial; History; School; Memory; Files.
Vision Versus Illusion: A Symbol of Reality in Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man
Authors: Abang Emenyi , Kalu Obasi Kalu,
Published: September 2017

Vision Versus Illusion: A Symbol of Reality in Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man attempts to x-ray Ralph Ellison’s portrayal of the struggles and experiences of the Negro in the American society. The work examines his plot, characterization and his artistry which are all geared towards the success of the novel. The paper examines the role of these literary elements employed by Ellison to dissect the American society showing the conditions and plights of the Negro living among the whites in America. America is in the midst of chaos. Her oppression and antagonism of the Negro has resulted in a blindness that is contagious, and everybody is affected. This work attempts to unravel the state of incompatibility hinged on racism and exploitation as practiced in America against the Negroes. This has been the hallmark of literary expression of the 1960s and beyond among nations that have experienced exploitation and oppression. The nations notably include: South Africa, Kenya, Zambia, and other West African countries. These conditions have engendered literary reactions among scholars across the Globe.
The Impact of Teacher Corrective Feedback on EFL Student Writers’ Grammatical Improvement
Authors: Sermsook Kanyakorn , Liamnimitr Jiraporn , Pochakorn Rattaneekorn
Published: September 2017

This paper aims to provide information about teacher corrective feedback that would be helpful for EFL students’ writing improvement. It focuses on feedback provided to correct grammatical errors made by student writers as the author finds that this type of errors can obstruct the effectiveness of students’ pieces of writing and may result in written miscommunication. Both direct and indirect teacher feedback types are discussed. Some pedagogical suggestions have been made based on the findings. It is hoped that this review article can help teachers and students in a writing class achieve the goal of producing grammatically correct English writing assignments.
Applications of Hydrochemical Models for Groundwater in Korea
Authors: Hwang Jong Yeon , Park Sunhwa , Kim Moon-Su , Jo Hun-Je , Lee Gyong–Mi , Jeon Sang Ho , Song Da Hee , Kim Deok-Hyun , Kim Tae-Seung , Chung Hyen Mi , Kim Hyun-Koo
Published: September 2017

The variation patterns of groundwater mobility and chemical distribution are regarded as a very important factor for determining the geochemical features and therefore, the classifications of groundwater based on the chemical properties are highly valued for the expansion of study areas for setting up the regulations and management plans of governmental level for the preservation of local groundwater. Based on these prerequisites, in this study we focused on the evaluations, the comparison of the physiochemical characteristics and distribution of cations and anions in groundwater samples sampled in rural areas of Korea. The major goals of this study were classified as four categories such as followings; 1. On-site monitoring of groundwater qualities by instrumental and laboratory experiment, 2. Classifications of groundwater by using of Piper, Gibbs and Chadah diagram methods, 3. Tracking of the origins of anions and cations by using of rock-dominance types and relative ionic distributions. As a result of this study, the classifications of groundwater based on the Piper diagram showed that the groundwater type is grouped as the Ca2+-(Cl--NO3-) and Ca2+-HCO3- type groups and these types are known as the general features of groundwater in Korea. And the tracking of dominance types (classified as evaporation, rock, precipitation) based on the Gibbs diagram have shown that the origins of anions and cations in groundwater are the rock-dominance. In the applications of CAI 1 and CA 2, the negative values were more dominance than positive values so there might be reverse ion reaction between groundwater and rock-soils. Finally, by the carbonate weathering, silicate weathering and evaporation diagrams there were more complex mechanisms in chemical evolutions induced by the lithological influences such as weathering processes, ion exchange and other anthropogenic sources.
Assessment of Quality and Safety of Winged Termites (Macrotermes bellicosus) Enriched Locally Formulated Complementary Foods
Authors: Adepoju Oladejo Thomas , Ajayi Kayode
Published: September 2017

Addition of edible insects to local staples used as complementary foods can improve their nutrient content. Nutritional quality and safety of Macrotermes bellicosus enriched boiled rice (BR) and yam (BY) complementary foods (CFs) was assessed using rats. Macrotermes bellicosus (MB) were collected, dried, and refrigerated at -4oC. Ground MB was added to BR and BY in ratios 10.0%, 15.0%, 20.0% (w/w) to give BR1, BY1; BR2, BY2, and BR3, BY3 respectively. Nutrient content of MB, BY, BR and MB-enriched CFs were determined by AOAC methods. Nutrient bioavailability and safety of BR3 and BY3 were assessed using rats fed ad libitum for 28 days. Serum trace minerals in the CFs, control and basal diets and histopathological effects of CFs on rats’ organs were determined. Data were analysed using ANOVA at p<0.05. Dried MB contained 31.8g protein, 16.4g fat, 3.8g ash, 227.5mg calcium, 2.1mg iron, 15.0mg zinc, 330.4μg retinol equivalent (RE), and 529.0kcal energy/100g sample. The BR and BY contained 3.7-5.9g protein, 70.0-120mg calcium,4.2-5.6mg iron, 1.2-1.5mg zinc and 380- 386kcal/100g compared with 7.9-15.3g protein, 242.2-264mg calcium, 2.4-4.4mg iron, 15.1-19.8mg zinc and 357-372kcal/100g enriched CFs (p<0.05). Rats Serum trace minerals ranged between 3.4- 4.3mg zinc, 23.4-27.9mg calcium, 30.6-37.0mg iron; and 52.5-56.9μg RE, compared with control (3.2, 22.2, 34.1, 48.2) and basal (2.2, 21.1, 24.0 mg, 32.3 μg) diets respectively (p<0.05). No pathological lesions were observed in internal organs of rats on CF diets. Adding Macrotermes bellicosus to local complementary foods is safe and improved their nutritional quality, hence its use is recommended among mothers.
Existence of Solutions for Functional Integral Equation Involving the Henstock-Kurzweil-Stieltjes Integral
Authors: Mei Hui , Ye Guoju , Liu Wei , Chen Yanrong
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we apply the method associated with the technique of measure of noncompactness and some generalizations of Darbo fixed points theorem to study the existence of solutions for a class of integral equation involving the Henstock-Kurzweil-Stieltjes integral. Meanwhile, an example is provided to illustrate our results.
Open Innovation: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Ale Ebrahim Nader , Bong Yii Bonn
Published: September 2017

“Open Innovation” activities are of crucial importance in the Research and Development (RD) department, especially for survival among enterprises in the competitive nature. There has been an increasing interest in “Open Innovation”. However, the rate of interest has yet to be measured by publications trends. This study aims to demonstrate the trends of “Open Innovation” from 2012 to 2017 and highlight the key-phrases for the selected topic. In this bibliometric study, a total of 3,567 publications were investigated in the SCOPUS database using SciVal platform. The concept of “Open Innovation” has received considerable attentions since 2003, and the highly cited paper was published by Chesbrough. The top 50 key-phrases by relevancy indicated the importance of “Open Innovation” and other emerging research areas, giving a guideline for future research.
Primary Pleuropulmonary Synovial Sarcoma with Brain Metastases in a Paediatric Patient: An Unusual Presentation
Authors: Chirmade Pushpak , Parikh Sonia , Anand Asha , Panchal Harsha , Patel Apurva , Shah Sandip
Published: September 2017

Primary lung neoplasms are rare in children. The most common primary lung malignancies in children are pleuropulmonary blastoma and carcinoid tumour. Synovial sarcoma (SS) accounts for approximately 1% of all childhood malignancies. In absolute terms, the SS of the lungs and pleura are extremely rare and pose a diagnostic difficulty. Soft tissue sarcomas usually have a high potential for metastases, however, metastasis to the brain is rare, even in widely disseminated disease, and it has been described only in 3 Case Reports previously. Primary pleuropulmonary SS with brain metastases is even rarer. Here we present a case of an 11-year-old boy who presented with respiratory complaints, viz. fever and cough for 20 days. Initial impression was lung abscess, however, on histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular study, the disorder was diagnosed as synovial sarcoma. After a week from the first consult, the child developed neurological symptoms, viz., an episode of convulsion and gradually worsening power of the lower limb. Computed tomography scan and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy was suggestive of brain metastases. Given the rarity of primary lung neoplasms in children, clinical detection remains a challenge. Delayed diagnoses are common as respiratory symptoms may be attributed to inflammatory or infective processes. Primary pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma is a rare tumour and it is not known to commonly metastasise to the brain. Though rare, primary pleuropulmonary SS should be considered an important differential among peadiatric primary lung neoplasms due to its potential for curability if detected early, and more aggressive metastatic pattern, e.g., brain metastases making early detection imperative.
Synthesis of Conductive Cocoon Silk Composites
Authors: Kaitsuka Yuki , Goto Hiromasa
Published: September 2017

Herein we report on the preparation of polyaniline (PANI) composite using a cocoon by in situ chemical oxidative polymerisation. The composites thus prepared were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared (IR), and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. We confirmed the PANI/cocoon composite and subsequent carbonisation allowed the formation of micro-sized wafer-shaped carbon. The polymerisation reaction occurs in a chiral reaction field of the silk surface, which can be referred to as bio-interface polymerisation.
Development of Electroless Ni-P Coatings on Sisal Fiber
Authors: Hemachandran R. , Pugazhvadivu M. , Jayabal S.
Published: September 2017

Improving the properties of natural fibers can be interesting from a technological point of view. Modifications can result in a high specific strength, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, antistatic brush etc. Plant fiber composites would make them an option for use in components such as rifle stocks and knife handles etc. The greatest challenge would be to ensure that the components are all weather capable, but today several materials exist that have a high moisture tolerance. Moreover with proper surface coating techniques, most natural fibers materials can be toughened up to use as reinforcement. An attempt was made using a proprietary experimental set-up to coat natural fiber with electroless nickel phosphorus (ENi-P), since sisal fiber is a non-conducting material. In this article the surface morphology, ingredients and cross-section images of the modified natural fibers were characterised by a scanning electron microscope equipped with EDAX.
Pattern Classification of Fabric Defects Using a Probabilistic Neural Network and Its Hardware Implementation using the Field Programmable Gate Array System
Authors: Hasnat Abul , Ghosh Anindya , Khatun Amina , Halder Santanu
Published: September 2017

This study proposes a fabric defect classification system using a Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) and its hardware implementation using a Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) based system. The PNN classifier achieves an accuracy of 98 ± 2% for the test data set, whereas the FPGA based hardware system of the PNN classifier realises about 94±2% testing accuracy. The FPGA system operates as fast as 50.777 MHz, corresponding to a clock period of 19.694 ns.
RICHARD BOOK REVIEW BY A. WERNER PT.: "STRENGTHS IN ECONOMY. THE THREE BANKING THEORY AND THE UNIFORM EVIDENCE" DATED IN THE POLISH VERSION AUGUST 2016
Authors: Prokopowicz Dariusz , Gwoździewicz Sylwia
Published: September 2017

This paper reviews the book by Professor Richard A. Werner entitled "A Lost Century in Economics. Three Theories of Banking and Accurate Evidence", that was translated and published in Polish in August 2016. This book has become an inspiration for the role, significance and need for reforming modern central banking systems and monetary systems in developed countries. Numerous discussions and reflections on the issues described in this book were made, inter alia, during several conferences held during the last few months. For example, the concepts and needs of the reform of modern central banking systems and monetary systems, as described by Professor Richard A. Werner, have been inspired the discussions that took place during the Conference on "Implementation of parallel local currency in the Otwock District", held on 31 August 2016 in the seat of the Warsaw Higher School in Otwock near Otwock.
Influence of the Structural Parameters of Woven Fabrics on their Drapeability
Authors: Matusiak Małgorzata
Published: September 2017

Drape is a very important utility parameter of fabrics, especially applied in clothing. It influences the aesthetic effect of clothing, in particular its fitting to the user’s body. Fabric draping is the result of interaction between gravitation and various fabric characteristics. In the work presented, cotton woven fabrics of different structure were measured in the range of their drapeability. The fabrics differed from each other in the range of their weave and linear density of weft yarn. Measurement of the fabrics was made by means of a fabric drape tester. Results of the measurement were analysed in the aspect of the relationships between the drape of the fabrics and their parameters, such as the kind of weft yarn, weave, weft density and stiffness. Results confirmed that for the group of fabrics investigated, their stiffness is the most significant property influencing the drapeability of fabrics. Additionally different weaves result in different values of the drape coefficient and shape factor.
Preparation of Self-cleaning Polyester Fabrics by Chemical Vapor Deposition of Methyltrichlorosilane/Dimethyldichlorosilane
Authors: Zheng Zhenrong , Zheng Zhenrong , Zhang Nannan , Wang Hongmei , Zhao Xiaoming
Published: September 2017

Self-cleaning polyester fabrics were prepared by a simple gas phase deposition procedure in which a layer of polydimethylsiloxane nanofilaments was grown onto textile fibers. Superhydrophobic and self-cleaning properties, tensile breaking strength, mechanical stability and permeability of polyester fabrics were investigated. The results showed that the fabrics deposited had superhydrophobicity, and the contact angle and sliding angle of the fabric surface were 159° and 1.7°, respectively. The self-cleaning test showed that dust particles adhere to rolling water and shed from the surface of polyester fabric, leaving an extremely clean surface. In addition, the polyester fabric deposited still has excellent breaking strength and permeability. This approach is simple, inexpensive and has little effect on the mechanical properties of the fabric.
Panorama das internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária no Espírito Santo, Brasil, 2000 a 2014
Authors: Pazó Rosalva Grobério , Frauches Diana de Oliveira , Molina Maria del Carmen Bisi , Cade Nagela Valadão
Published: September 2017

Objetivo: Descrever a série temporal das internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária (ICSAP) no estado do Espírito Santo, no período de 2000 a 2014, segundo sexo, faixa etária, porte municipal, macrorregiões e grupos de causa, e investigar os fatores associados à ocorrência dessas hospitalizações. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de série temporal das ICSAP ocorridas de 2000 a 2014. A análise da série temporal foi realizada pelo método Cochrane-Orcutt, e para a análise de regressão multivariável multinível usou-se o modelo de regressão binomial negativa. Resultados: As ICSAP diminuíram 28,79% no período. As maiores taxas foram observadas entre os idosos e as crianças menores de cinco anos, e reduziram mais entre idosos e adultos. Os principais grupos de causas foram as gastroenterites infecciosas e complicações, a infecção no rim e trato urinário, e a insuficiência cardíaca. Houve redução das taxas de ICSAP na medida em que cresceu a taxa de cobertura da estratégia saúde da família (0,60, IC: 0,56-0,66), a proporção de médicos (0,90, IC: 0,84-0,96), de pretos e pardos (0,88, IC: 0,83-0,93) e de pessoas com ensino médio (0,87, IC: 0,76-0,99), enquanto houve acréscimo dessas hospitalizações a cada aumento do produto interno bruto per capita, do índice de Gini, da taxa de urbanização, dos leitos hospitalares e dos planos de saúde. Conclusão: A expansão e consolidação da estratégia saúde da família são importantes para a redução das ICSAP no estado dentre outros fatores, como recursos de saúde e fatores socioeconômicos.
Competências como um modo de pensar a educação
Authors: Adams Adair , Dorneles Elizabeth Fontoura , Lourdes Lauxen Sirlei
Published: September 2017

O artigo trata sobre a relação entre competências e educação. Retoma aspectos históricos do uso do termo tomando como materialidade de análise a legislação educacional brasileira, a partir da LDB/1996. A perspectiva dos autores encaminha a discussão para a importância da formação por competências que não objetivem apenas capacidades para o saber fazer. Entendem a importância do modelo educacional por competências, desde que a importação do campo do trabalho traga para o da educação a integralidade: aprender a criar, a fazer e a gestar. Tomam, ainda, posição contrária à fragmentação presente na legislação analisada, o que fica evidente na descontinuidade do uso de competências em leis ou partes das leis referentes aos diferentes níveis de ensino. Defendem, assim, a educação para o ser situado em todas as dimensões do viver e conviver na sociedade contemporânea.