bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comorbidity profile of chronic rhinosinusitis: A population‐based study
Authors: Chung Shiu‐Dong , Chen Po‐Yueh , Lin Herng‐Ching , Hung Shih‐Han
Published: January 2014

Objectives/Hypothesis

This study aimed to explore the prevalence of a broad spectrum of comorbid medical conditions among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), using a population‐based dataset.

Study design

A cross‐sectional study.

Methods

In total, 5,734 CRS subjects and 17,202 comparison subjects were included in this study. Separate conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for each of 39 medical comorbidities between subjects with and without CRS.

Results

For 27 of the 39 study comorbidities, results showed that subjects with CRS had a statistically significantly higher OR than subjects without CRS after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Ranks of the top five comorbid relationships from the strongest ORs to the lowest were as follows: asthma (OR = 3.09), chronic pulmonary disease (OR = 3.04), weight loss (OR = 2.58), obesity (OR = 2.50), and migraines (OR = 2.30).

Conclusion

Our results indicate that subjects with CRS have an increased prevalence of various comorbidities.

Level of Evidence

3b. Laryngoscope, 124:1536–1541, 2014
Assessment of muscle stiffness using a continuously scanning laser‐Doppler vibrometer
Authors: Salman Muhammad , Sabra Karim G. , Shinohara Minoru
Published: January 2014

Introduction: A stand‐alone and low‐cost elastography technique has been developed using a single continuously scanning laser Doppler vibrometer. Methods: This elastography technique is used to measure the propagation velocity of surface vibrations over superficial skeletal muscles to assess muscle stiffness. Results: Systematic variations in propagation velocity depending on the contraction level and joint position of the biceps brachii were demonstrated in 10 subjects. Conclusions: This technique may assist clinicians in characterizing muscle stiffness (or tone) changes due to neuromuscular disorders. Muscle Nerve 50: 133–135, 2014
Cooperative international neuromuscular research group duchenne natural history study demonstrates insufficient diagnosis and treatment of cardiomyopathy in duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Spurney Christopher , Shimizu Reiko , Morgenroth Lauren P. , Kolski Hanna , Gordish‐Dressman Heather , Clemens Paula R. ,   the CINRG Investigators
Published: January 2014

Introduction: Cardiomyopathy is a common cause of morbidity and death in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Methods: This investigation was a cross‐sectional cross‐sectional analysis of clinical data from the multi‐institutional Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (CINRG) DMD Natural History Study of 340 DMD patients aged 2–28 years. Cardiomyopathy was defined as shortening fraction (SF) <28% or ejection fraction (EF) <55%. Results: Two hundred thirty‐one participants reported a prior clinical echocardiogram study, and 174 had data for SF or EF. The prevalence of cardiomyopathy was 27% (47 of 174), and it was associated significantly with age and clinical stage. The association of cardiomyopathy with age and clinical stage was not changed by glucocorticoid use as a covariate (P > 0.68). In patients with cardiomyopathy, 57% (27 of 47) reported not taking any cardiac medications. Cardiac medications were used in 12% (15 of 127) of patients without cardiomyopathy. Conclusions: We found that echocardiograms were underutilized, and cardiomyopathy was undertreated in this DMD natural history cohort. Muscle Nerve 50:250–256, 2014
Raising Practices of Neolithic Livestock Evidenced by Stable Isotope Analysis in the Wei River Valley, North China
Authors: Chen X.‐L. , Hu S.‐M. , Hu Y.‐W. , Wang W.‐L. , Ma Y.‐Y. , Lü P. , Wang C.‐S.
Published: January 2014

Although a patchwork of projects shows a process of agriculture intensification in North China during the Neolithic, the impact of cereal farming on animal husbandry and their mutual interaction remain cloudy. This study reports bone collagen δ13C and δ15N of humans and animals from Wayaogou (ca 6.5–6.0 kyrs bp) and Dongying (ca 5.9–5.6 kyrs bp, 4.6–4.0 kyrs bp) to explore temporal trend of livestock raising and particularly the importance of millet fodder to stock raising practices in the Wei River valley, North China. The isotopic evidence overall shows that millet products increased in human and domestic animal diets during the mentioned chronological span. δ13C values of pigs and dogs at Dongying are higher than those at Wayaogou, implying that the importance of millet nutrients increased to animal husbandry diachronically. Interestingly, δ13C results of domestic cattle of Dongying late phase (−14.1 ± 1.1‰, N = 5) are more enriched than Wayaogou wild Bos (−17.8 ± 0.3‰, N = 3), indicating that millet fodder had taken a significant place in early cattle husbandry. Besides, differences between Bos species of the two periods also imply that δ13C values of bone collagen constitute a potential indicator for tracing the origin of cattle husbandry in North China. In addition, domestic sheep at Dongying produced similar isotope data to wild ovicaprid at Wayaogou, suggesting that they possibly had grazed for the most in grassland and therefore experienced a different lifestyle from cattle. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large‐scale synthesis of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets and their improvement in thermal properties of epoxy composites
Authors: Xue Yanming , Jin Xing , Fan Ying , Tian Ran , Xu Xuewen , Li Jie , Lin Jing , Zhang Jun , Hu Long , Tang Chengchun
Published: January 2014

In this study, we report a novel method to synthesize hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) using a ball‐milled mixture of ammonium fluoroborate and sodium borohydride as precursor, under an ammonia atmosphere. The detailed morphological and structural investigations of the BNNSs are carried out by means of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high‐resolution TEM, and detailed formation process of the BNNSs is proposed. We further utilize the BNNSs and acid‐treated BNNSs (ATBNNSs) as nanofillers to fabricate a series of epoxy nanocomposites and study their varied thermal properties. The results indicate that the surface treatment and different fractions of BNNSs can discriminatively influence the thermal properties of epoxy nanocomposites. We also estimate the thermal conductivity channel thresholds with different ATBNNSs and BNNSs fractions. Through this work, an understanding of the interface treatment and filler fraction effects on thermal properties of epoxy nanocomposites is obtained. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:1707–1715, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
The price of performance: a cost and performance analysis of the implementation of cell‐free fetal DNA testing for Down syndrome in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Okun N. , Teitelbaum M. , Huang T. , Dewa C. S. , Hoch J. S.
Published: January 2014

Objective

To examine the cost and performance implications of introducing cell‐free fetal DNA (cffDNA) testing within modeled scenarios in a publicly funded Canadian provincial Down syndrome (DS) prenatal screening program.

Method

Two clinical algorithms were created: the first to represent the current screening program and the second to represent one that incorporates cffDNA testing. From these algorithms, eight distinct scenarios were modeled to examine: (1) the current program (no cffDNA), (2) the current program with first trimester screening (FTS) as the nuchal translucency‐based primary screen (no cffDNA), (3) a program substituting current screening with primary cffDNA, (4) contingent cffDNA with current FTS performance, (5) contingent cffDNA at a fixed price to result in overall cost neutrality,(6) contingent cffDNA with an improved detection rate (DR) of FTS, (7) contingent cffDNA with higher uptake of FTS, and (8) contingent cffDNA with optimized FTS (higher uptake and improved DR).

Results

This modeling study demonstrates that introducing contingent cffDNA testing improves performance by increasing the number of cases of DS detected prenatally, and reducing the number of amniocenteses performed and concomitant iatrogenic pregnancy loss of pregnancies not affected by DS. Costs are modestly increased, although the cost per case of DS detected is decreased with contingent cffDNA testing.

Conclusion

Contingent models of cffDNA testing can improve overall screening performance while maintaining the provision of an 11‐ to 13‐week scan. Costs are modestly increased, but cost per prenatally detected case of DS is decreased. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The upper bound to the Relative Reporting Ratio—a measure of the impact of the violation of hidden assumptions underlying some disproportionality methods used in signal detection
Authors: Van Holle Lionel , Bauchau Vincent
Published: January 2014

Purpose

For disproportionality measures based on the Relative Reporting Ratio (RRR) such as the Information Component (IC) and the Empirical Bayesian Geometrical Mean (EBGM), each product and event is assumed to represent a negligible fraction of the spontaneous report database (SRD). Here, we provide the tools for allowing signal detection experts to assess the consequence of the violation of this assumption on their specific SRD.

Methods

For each product–event pair (P–E), a worst‐case scenario associated all the reported events‐of‐interest with the product of interest. The values of the RRR under this scenario were measured for different sets of stratification factors using the GlaxoSmithKline vaccines SRD. These values represent the RRR upper bound that RRR cannot exceed whatever the true strength of association.

Results

Depending on the choice of stratification factors, the RRR could not exceed an upper bound of 2 for up to 2.4% of the P–Es. For Engerix™, 23.4% of all reports in the SDR, the RRR could not exceed an upper bound of 2 for up to 13.8% of pairs. For the P–E Rotarix™‐Intussusception, the choice of stratification factors impacted the upper bound to RRR: from 52.5 for an unstratified RRR to 2.0 for a fully stratified RRR.

Conclusions

The quantification of the upper bound can indicate whether measures such as EBGM, IC, or RRR can be used for SRD for which products or events represent a non‐negligible fraction of the entire SRD. In addition, at the level of the product or P–E, it can also highlight detrimental impact of overstratification. © 2014 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of pulmonary surfactant synthesis in fetal rat type II alveolar epithelial cells by microRNA‐26a
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Qun , Zhang Pan , Yang Yang , Qiu Jie , Kan Qin , Liang Hong‐Lu , Zhou Xiao‐Yu , Zhou Xiao‐Guang
Published: January 2014

Pulmonary surfactant, a unique developmentally regulated, phospholipid‐rich lipoprotein, is synthesized by the type II epithelial cells (AECII) of the pulmonary alveolus, where it is stored in organelles termed lamellar bodies. The synthesis of pulmonary surfactant is under multifactorial control and is regulated by a number of hormones and factors, including glucocorticoids, prolactin, insulin, growth factors, estrogens, androgens, thyroid hormones, and catecholamines acting through beta‐adrenergic receptors, and cAMP. While there is increasing evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of almost every cellular and physiological process, the potential role of miRNAs in the regulation of pulmonary surfactant synthesis remains unknown. miRNA‐26a (miR‐26a) has been predicted to target SMAD1, one of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor downstream signaling proteins that plays a key role in differentiation of lung epithelial cells during lung development. In this study, we explored the regulation role of miR‐26a in the synthesis of pulmonary surfactant. An adenoviral miR‐26a overexpression vector was constructed and introduced into primary cultured fetal AECII. GFP fluorescence was observed to determinate the transfection efficiency and miR‐26a levels were measured by RT‐PCR. MTT was performed to analyze AECII viability. qRT‐PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the mRNA and protein level of SMAD1 and surfactant‐associated proteins. The results showed that miR‐26a in fetal AECII was overexpressed after the transfection, and that the overexpression of miR‐26a inhibited pulmonary surfactant synthesis in AECII. There was no significant change in cell proliferation. Our results further showed that overexpression of miR‐26a reduced the SMAD1 expression both in mRNA and protein level in fetal AECII. These findings indicate that miR‐26a regulates surfactant synthesis in fetal AECII through SMAD1. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:863–872. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diurnal variations of chlorophyll fluorescence and CO2 exchange of biological soil crusts in different successional stages in the Gurbantunggut Desert of northwestern China
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Yuan‐Ming
Published: January 2014

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) formed by different combinations of photosynthetic algae, cyanobacteria, lichens and mosses are well‐developed in the Gurbantunggut Desert of northwestern China. To investigate the different responses of BSCs to environmental factors, the diurnal variations of chlorophyll fluorescence and CO2 exchange of BSCs in different successional stages were measured following artificial rehydration in the field. Results showed that the maximum potential quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), the actual PSII efficiency (ΦPSII) and the relative rate of electron transport as well as net photosynthesis of the different successional BSCs varied similarly and changed markedly with diurnal fluctuations in light and temperature. Further analyses indicated that CO2 exchange and photosynthetic pigment content of chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b and carotenoids increased with the developmental level of BSCs, from cyanobacterial crust to lichen crust to moss crust. The differences in responses of BSCs to environmental factors and photosynthetic pigment content may be partially attributed to differences in species composition and morphological characteristics of the various BSCs. Overall, moss crust is better adapted to a wide range of irradiance and higher temperatures than lichen and cyanobacterial crusts. Therefore, BSCs in a later successional stage are expected to play a more important role in desertification control than those of the earlier stages.
The aberrant expression and localization of prohibitin during apoptosis of human cholangiocarcinoma Mz‐ChA‐1 cells
Authors: Song Wei , Tian Ling , Li Shan-Shan , Shen Dong-Yan , Chen Qing-Xi
Published: January 2014

In this study, we aimed to investigate the aberrant expression and shift in localization of prohibitin (PHB) during apoptosis of human cholangiocarcinoma cells. Our study demonstrated that PHB was expressed primarily in the cytoplasm and only a little in the nucleus. However, PHB expression significantly decreased, and its localization shifted from the cytoplasm to the nucleus during apoptosis. PHB co‐localized with AIF, Rb, p53, and c‐Fos, but the region of co‐localization was altered after treatment. Meanwhile, we detected a direct interaction between PHB and both p53 and Rb in Mz‐ChA‐1 cells. These results suggest that the altered localization and expression of PHB, as well as its co‐localization with related oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, can affect the apoptosis of Mz‐ChA‐1 cells.
NFκB mediates cisplatin resistance through histone modifications in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)
Authors: Almeida Luciana O. , Abrahao Aline C. , Rosselli-Murai Luciana K. , Giudice Fernanda S. , Zagni Chiara , Leopoldino Andreia M. , Squarize Cristiane H. , Castilho Rogerio M.
Published: January 2014

Cisplatin‐based chemotherapy is the standard treatment of choice for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The efficiency of platinum‐based therapies is directly influenced by the development of tumor resistance. Multiple signaling pathways have been linked to tumor resistance, including activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). We explore a novel mechanism by which NFκB drives HNSCC resistance through histone modifications. Post‐translational modification of histones alters chromatin structure, facilitating the binding of nuclear factors that mediate DNA repair, transcription, and other processes. We found that chemoresistant HNSCC cells with active NFκB signaling respond to chemotherapy by reducing nuclear BRCA1 levels and by promoting histone deacetylation (chromatin compaction). Activation of this molecular signature resulted in impaired DNA damage repair, prolonged accumulation of histone γH2AX and increased genomic instability. We found that pharmacological induction of histone acetylation using HDAC inhibitors prevented NFκB‐induced cisplatin resistance. Furthermore, silencing NFκB in HNSCC induced acetylation of tumor histones, resulting in reduced chemoresistance and increased cytotoxicity following cisplatin treatment. Collectively, these findings suggest that epigenetic modifications of HNSCC resulting from NFκB‐induced histone modifications constitute a novel molecular mechanism responsible for chemoresistance in HNSCC. Therefore, targeted inhibition of HDAC may be used as a viable therapeutic strategy for disrupting tumor resistance caused by NFκB.
Assessment of sexual dysfunction and determination of its risk factors in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Choi Hoon , Kim Jae‐Heon , Park Jae‐Young , Shim Ji‐Sung , Lee Jeong‐Gu , Yoon Hae‐Young , Bae Jae‐Hyun
Published: January 2014

Objective

To assess sexual function among women via self‐evaluation of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and to determine risk factors for FSD among Korean women.

Methods

A preliminary questionnaire‐based study in Ansan, Korea, enrolled 935 women between January and December 2010. Participants completed the Female Sexual Function Index and a self‐administered survey. Participants were divided into 2 groups: in the recognized group (RG), women were aware of their sexual problems; in the unrecognized group (URG), women were not.

Results

The prevalence of FSD was 46.1% (n = 431). The prevalence of recognized FSD was 21.5% (n = 201), whereas that of unrecognized FSD was 24.6% (n = 230) Younger women showed a significantly more positive attitude toward sex compared with older individuals (P < 0.001). Sexual desire, sexual arousal, dyspareunia, lubrication, and sexual satisfaction were factors of sexual dysfunction in the RG. In the URG, sexual arousal, sexual desire, orgasm, dyspareunia, and sexual satisfaction were identified as significant factors.

Conclusion

Women in the RG had positive attitudes toward sex, whereas those in the URG had negative attitudes. Women who were unsatisfied with their sexual life did not express a need for treatment. The sociocultural background of Korean women should be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of FSD.
The benefits of retail therapy: Making purchase decisions reduces residual sadness
Authors: Rick Scott I. , Pereira Beatriz , Burson Katherine A.
Published: January 2014

People often shop when feeling sad, but whether and why shopping reduces residual (lingering) sadness remains an open question. Sadness is strongly associated with a sense that situational forces control the outcomes in one's life, and thus we theorized that the choices inherent in shopping may restore personal control over one's environment and reduce residual sadness. Three experiments provided support for our hypothesis. Making shopping choices helped to alleviate sadness whether they were hypothetical (Experiment 1) or real (Experiment 2). In addition, all experiments found support for the underlying mechanism of personal control restoration. Notably, the benefits of restored personal control over one's environment do not generalize to anger (Experiments 2 and 3), because anger is associated with a sense that other people (rather than situational forces) are likely to cause negative outcomes, and these appraisals are not ameliorated by restoring personal control over one's environment.
A case of typical atrioventricular nodal (AVN) reentrant tachycardia confined to the compact AV node, showing a variety of rare electrophysiological findings, including eccentric AVN echoes
Authors: Tanaka Kazushi , Shiotani Shinji , Fukuda Keisuke , Fujihara Masahiko , Higashimori Akihiro , Morioka Nobuyuki , Yokoi Yoshiaki , Fujimura Osamu
Published: January 2014

Herein, we report the case of a 49‐year‐old woman with typical atrioventricular nodal (AVN) reentrant tachycardia, confined to the compact atrioventricular node, showing numerous rare electrophysiological findings such as unique AVN reentrant echoes, double ventricular responses, latent retrograde dual AVN pathways, antegrade triple AVN pathways, and longitudinal dissociation within the lower final common pathway.
Critical appraisal of quantitative PCR results in colorectal cancer research: Can we rely on published qPCR results?
Authors: Dijkstra J.R. , van Kempen L.C. , Nagtegaal I.D. , Bustin S.A.
Published: January 2014

The use of real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in cancer research has become ubiquitous. The relative simplicity of qPCR experiments, which deliver fast and cost‐effective results, means that each year an increasing number of papers utilizing this technique are being published. But how reliable are the published results? Since the validity of gene expression data is greatly dependent on appropriate normalisation to compensate for sample‐to‐sample and run‐to‐run variation, we have evaluated the adequacy of normalisation procedures in qPCR‐based experiments. Consequently, we assessed all colorectal cancer publications that made use of qPCR from 2006 until August 2013 for the number of reference genes used and whether they had been validated. Using even these minimal evaluation criteria, the validity of only three percent (6/179) of the publications can be adequately assessed. We describe common errors, and conclude that the current state of reporting on qPCR in colorectal cancer research is disquieting. Extrapolated to the study of cancer in general, it is clear that the majority of studies using qPCR cannot be reliably assessed and that at best, the results of these studies may or may not be valid and at worst, pervasive incorrect normalisation is resulting in the wholesale publication of incorrect conclusions. This survey demonstrates that the existence of guidelines, such as MIQE, is necessary but not sufficient to address this problem and suggests that the scientific community should examine its responsibility and be aware of the implications of these findings for current and future research.
Akkreditierung von Weiterbildungsgängen für Psychologieberufe in der Schweiz – ein neues Gesetz setzt neue Qualitätsanforderungen
Authors: Gasser Floriane
Published: January 2014

Einleitung

Das OAQ ist die Agentur für Akkreditierung und Qualitätssicherung der schweizerischen Hochschulen. Es unterstützt das Bundesamt für Gesundheit (BAG) bei der Akkreditierung der Weiterbildungsgänge in den Psychologieberufen. Mit dem Psychologieberufegesetz (PsyG), das am 1. April 2013 in Kraft getreten ist, werden die Weiterbildung sowie die Berufsausübung in diesem Fachbereich erstmals umfassend reglementiert. Bis 2018 müssen ca. 60 Weiterbildungsgänge akkreditiert werden. Um diese umfangreiche Aufgabe effektiv und termingerecht umsetzen zu können, kooperiert das OAQ mit der deutschen Akkreditierungsagentur im Bereich Gesundheit und Soziales (AHPGS).
Arzneimittelversorgung bei psychischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Glaeske Gerd
Published: January 2014

Einleitung

Die Arzneimittelversorgung mit Psychopharmaka hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren erheblich verändert. Der größte Anteil entfiel noch 1992 auf Tranquilizer vom Benzodiazepin-Typ, im Jahre 2012 sind die Antidepressiva zur meist verordneten Gruppe der Psychopharmaka geworden, vor allem wegen des starken Verordnungsanstiegs von Serotoninwiederaufnahmehemmern (SSRI). Die Evidenz für die Behandlung milder Depressionen gegenüber Placebo ist fraglich, bei der Behandlung von bipolaren Störungen werden vor allem SSRI und Lithium eingesetzt.
Kritische Lebensereignisse
Authors: Ladwig Karl-Heinz
Published: January 2014

Einleitung

Ein kritisches Lebensereignis ist ein,,distinktes Geschehnis“, das mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit im Lebens eines jeden Menschen auftreten kann, dabei eine qualitativ-strukturelle Anpassungsleistung erfordert und eine nachhaltige emotionale Reaktion auslösen kann. Die Anpassungsstörungen sind (Fehl-) Reaktionen auf multiple kritische Lebensereignisse, die bei mangelnder Bewältigungsfähigkeit zu einer Belastung werden. Dagegen ist ein Trauma ein Ereignis von außergewöhnlicher Bedrohung oder katastrophalem Ausmaß, welches ein notwendiges, aber nicht hinreichendes Kriterium für das Auftreten einer posttrauamatschen Belastungsstörung ist.
Sozioökonomischer Status und psychische Gesundheit
Authors: Lampert Thomas , Kroll Lars Eric , Hapke Ulfert , Jacobi Frank
Published: January 2014

Einleitung

Eine Vielzahl an Studien weist den sozioökonomischen Status als einflussreiche Determinante der Gesundheit und Lebenserwartung aus. Der Beitrag beschreibt, welche Erkenntnisse zum Zusammenhang zwischen dem sozioökonomischen Status und der psychischen Gesundheit für die Allgemeinbevölkerung in Deutschland vorliegen. Außerdem wird dargestellt, welche weiterführenden Forschungsperspektiven mit der,,Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland“ (DEGS1) und dem angeschlossenen Modul zur psychischen Gesundheit verbunden sind.
Die Messung von Burnout-Symptomen und Risikofaktoren mit COPSOQ
Authors: Lincke Hans-Joachim , Nübling Matthias
Published: January 2014

Einleitung

Die Messung von Burnout-Symptomen mit COPSOQ ist ein wichtiger Beitrag zur Beurteilung psychischer Gefährdung bei der Arbeit. Der Vergleich der Ausprägungen eines Betriebs mit der COPSOQ-Datenbank zeigt das Gefährdungsmaß. Für Präventionsmaßnahmen werden negative und positive Einflussfaktoren identifiziert. Die empirische Modellierung von Zusammenhängen zwischen Burnout-Symptomen und -Ursachen bietet dem BGM Ansatzpunkte zum Schutz und zur Förderung der Gesundheit von Beschäftigten.
PEPP: Statt sektorübergreifender Versorgung ein insuffizientes Abrechnungssystem
Authors: Munk Ingrid
Published: January 2014

Einleitung

Der Artikel bewertet kritisch die Folgen der Einführung des neuen Entgeltgesetzes in der Psychiatrie, das auf einem DRG-ähnlichen System mit pauschalisierten Entgelten (= PEPP) basiert. Im Fokus sind insbesondere die Anreizwirkungen zur Erbringung stationärer Leistungen. Damit kontrastiert werden die Erfordernisse eines modernen psychiatrischen Versorgungssystem mit sektorübergreifender Versorgung unter Einschluss von Home Treatment (= Akutbehandlung zu Hause).
Rehabilitation psychisch Kranker
Authors: Winter Thomas
Published: January 2014

Einleitung

Psychische Erkrankungen betreffen häufig Adoleszente und junge Erwachsene. Damit verbunden sind mitunter erhebliche Konsequenzen für die die soziale Integration. Die Rehabilitation psychisch Kranker ist dabei ein kontinuierlicher Prozeß, der ausreichend Zeit im passenden Umfeld unter qualifizierter Betreuung mit störungsspezifischen Behandlungsangeboten erfordert. Kürzere Verweildauern in der Akutpsychiatrie mit nicht immer abgeschlossener Stabilisierung der Patienten beeinflussen den Zugang zur Rehabilitation, der für chronisch Kranke besonders erschwert ist, da die Rehabilitationsindikation einen aktuellen Anlaß, typischerweise ein vorausgehendes akutes Erkrankungsereignis mit zu erwartender Besserung unterstellt. Zudem wäre ein Ausbau der Kapazitäten indikationsspezifischer Rehabilitationsangebote für psychisch Kranke sinnvoll.
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in a Postmenopausal Woman After an Intra‐articular Knee Injection With Triamcinolone: A Case Report
Authors: James Lee M. , Carneiro Kevin
Published: January 2014

A 71‐year‐old postmenopausal woman was referred for evaluation of pain in her left knee. She was previously treated with oral analgesics, but her knee pain persisted, limiting her functional mobility. An intra‐articular corticosteroid injection of the left knee was administered. Several days after the injection, she reported vaginal bleeding that resolved spontaneously after 5 days. We postulate that exogenous steroids disrupted circulating hormone levels, leading to abnormal postmenopausal uterine bleeding.
Posttraumatic Fat Necrosis Presenting as Prepatellar Loose Bodies in an Adolescent Football Player
Authors: Sole Joshua S. , Wisniewski Steve J. , Dahm Diane L. , Bond Jeffrey , Smith Jay
Published: January 2014

A 16‐year‐old high school football player presented with 4 months of anterior knee pain and small, mobile, prepatellar “lumps” after falling onto an opponent's cleat. He reported knee pain primarily during knee flexion and direct pressure during squatting and kneeling. Knee radiographs were unremarkable. Ultrasonography revealed multiple, freely mobile, subcutaneous nodules of variable size and echogenicity in the prepatellar region. Analysis of magnetic resonance imaging suggested possible fat necrosis but was nondiagnostic. The patient opted for surgical exploration, at which time multiple, opalescent subcutaneous nodules were removed. Pathology was consistent with encapsulated fat necrosis. After surgery, his symptoms resolved, and he returned to sports without restrictions.
Where Wilderness, Medicine, Technology, and Religion Collide
Authors: Weichenthal Lori , Alhadi Sameir
Published: January 2014

We report a case of a man injured in Yosemite National Park (YNP) whose use of technology and refusal of medical care, based on his Christian Science religious beliefs, created multiple challenges to the providers working to rescue and care for him. This case illustrates how our increasingly diverse and complex world requires flexibility and openness to provide the optimal care, both in the wilderness and in the front country.
Consumption ofBifidobacterium lactisBi-07 by healthy elderly adults enhances phagocytic activity of monocytes and granulocytes
Authors: Maneerat Sujira , Lehtinen Markus J. , Childs Caroline E. , Forssten Sofia D. , Alhoniemi Esa , Tiphaine Milin , Yaqoob Parveen , Ouwehand Arthur C. , Rastall Robert A.
Published: January 2014

Elderly adults have alterations in their gut microbiota and immune functions that are associated with higher susceptibility to infections and metabolic disorders. Probiotics and prebiotics, and their synbiotic combinations are food supplements that have been shown to improve both gut and immune function. The objective of this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over human clinical trial was to study immune function and the gut microbiota in healthy elderly adults. Volunteers (n37) consumed prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS; 8 g/d), probioticBifidobacterium lactisBi-07 (Bi-07; 109colony-forming units/d), their combination (Bi-07 + GOS) and maltodextrin control (8 g/d) in four 3-week periods separated by 4-week wash-out periods. Immune function was analysed by determining the phagocytic and oxidative burst activity of monocytes and granulocytes, whole-blood response to lipopolysaccharide, plasma chemokine concentrations and salivary IgA levels. Gut microbiota composition and faecal SCFA content were determined using 16S ribosomal RNA fluorescencein situhybridisation and HPLC, respectively. Primary statistical analyses indicated the presence of carry-over effects and thus measurements from only the first supplementation period were considered valid. Subsequent statistical analysis showed that consumption of Bi-07 improved the phagocytic activity of monocytes (P < 0·001) and granulocytes (P = 0·02). Other parameters were unchanged. We have for the first time shown that the probiotic Bi-07 may provide health benefits to elderly individuals by improving the phagocytic activity of monocytes and granulocytes. The present results also suggest that in the elderly, the effects of some probiotics and prebiotics may last longer than in adults.
Maternal high-fat diet alters expression of pathways of growth, blood supply and arachidonic acid in rat placenta
Authors: Dekker Nitert Marloes , Vaswani Kanchan , Hum Melissa , Chan Hsiu-Wen , Wood-Bradley Ryan , Henry Sarah , Armitage James A. , Mitchell Murray D. , Rice Gregory E.
Published: January 2014

The high fat content in Western diets probably affects placental function during pregnancy with potential consequences for the offspring in the short and long term. The aim of the present study was to compare genome-wide placental gene expression between rat dams fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and those fed a control diet for 3 weeks before conception and during gestation. Gene expression was measured by microarray and pathway analysis was performed. Gene expression differences were replicated by real-time PCR and protein expression was assessed by Western blot analysis. Placental and fetal weights at E17.25 were not altered by exposure to the maternal HFD. Gene pathways targeting placental growth, blood supply and chemokine signalling were up-regulated in the placentae of dams fed the HFD. The up-regulation in messenger RNA expression for five genes Ptgs2 (fatty acid cyclo-oxidase 2; COX2), Limk1 (LIM domain kinase 1), Pla2g2a (phospholipase A2), Itga1 (integrin α-1) and Serpine1 was confirmed by real-time PCR. Placental protein expression for COX2 and LIMK was also increased in HFD-fed dams. In conclusion, maternal HFD feeding alters placental gene expression patterns of placental growth and blood supply and specifically increases the expression of genes involved in arachidonic acid and PG metabolism. These changes indicate a placental response to the altered maternal metabolic environment.
Multi-scale community organization of the human structural connectome and its relationship with resting-state functional connectivity
Authors: BETZEL RICHARD F. , GRIFFA ALESSANDRA , AVENA-KOENIGSBERGER ANDREA , GOÑI JOAQUÍN , THIRAN JEAN-PHILIPPE , HAGMANN PATRIC , SPORNS OLAF
Published: January 2014

The human connectome has been widely studied over the past decade. A principal finding is that it can be decomposed into communities of densely interconnected brain regions. Past studies have often used single-scale modularity measures in order to infer the connectome's community structure, possibly overlooking interesting structure at other organizational scales. In this report, we used the partition stability framework, which defines communities in terms of a Markov process (random walk), to infer the connectome's multi-scale community structure. Comparing the community structure to observed resting-state functional connectivity revealed communities across a broad range of scales that were closely related to functional connectivity. This result suggests a mapping between communities in structural networks, models of influence-spreading and diffusion, and brain function. It further suggests that the spread of influence among brain regions may not be limited to a single characteristic scale.
Soft labial conspiracy in Kurpian
Authors: RUBACH JERZY
Published: January 2014

This article investigates soft labial conspiracy in Kurpian, a dialect of Polish that has not been discussed in the generative literature to date. The conspiracy involves four processes: decomposition, simplification, depalatalization, and vowel retraction. These processes are united by the goal to eliminate palatalized labials from the surface representation. The article argues against bidirectional IDENT constraints and for the tenet of Derivational/Stratal OT that analysis must proceed in steps. The evidence comes from the nature of decomposition and from the fact that depalatalization constitutes a Duke-of-York derivation.
THE CONCRESCENCE PROJECT (2008–2010): IDEAS, PROCESSES, EXPERIENCES, MUSICAL WORKS
Authors: Thoresen Lasse
Published: January 2014

This article discusses the concept, working practices and outcomes of the Concrescence Project, a research project initiated by the author oriented towards innovations in vocal practice and composition through experiments with combining vocal techniques from different cultures. The concept of ethnomodernism is explored, as are different attitudes to vocal sound production in a variety of musical traditions including the avant-garde, traditional styles from the Nordic/Baltic region, and overtone singing. The article concludes with a discussion of microtonal tunings, their notation, and their implementation in vocal composition.
FIRST IMPRESSIONS: ON THE PROGRAMMING AND CONCERT PRESENTATION OF NEW MUSIC TODAY
Authors: Gotham Mark
Published: January 2014

This article explores recent, radical developments in the ways in which new music is programmed and presented. It is contextualised by a brief survey of new music programming across the history of public concert-giving, and by several new interviews with industry professionals in the UK. These illustrate various rationales behind current practice including the dissatisfaction with traditional modes of concert-giving where appropriate. They also inform the author's conviction that different branches of new music benefit from different forms of presentation, acknowledging the importance of innovative forms to certain new styles.
John McCabe's Psalm-Cantata St John's, Smith Square
Authors: Conway Paul
Published: January 2014

John McCabe is most closely associated with large-scale orchestral statements, notably in concertante and symphonic forms and in ballet scores, yet chamber and instrumental music has recently played an increasingly significant role within his oeuvre. Of his vocal music, unaccompanied choral works such as the carols have attracted most attention, whilst his major contributions to the choral-orchestral repertoire, such as the large-scale cantata, Voyage (1972) and the extended song cycle for soloists, choir and large orchestra, Songs of the Garden (both Three Choirs Festival commissions, for 1972 and 2009, respectively), are considerably less widely known. It was with keen anticipation and no little curiosity, then, that I attended the first performance of McCabe's latest work for chorus and orchestra on 16 March 2013 at St John's, Smith Square.
A challenge for Harmonic Serialism with Optimal Interleaving
Authors: Bonet Eulàlia
Published: January 2014

This paper examines two related phenomena from Catalan that pose a challenge to a proposal in McCarthy (2012) that combines Harmonic Serialism (HS) with the theory of Optimal Interleaving (OI) of Wolf (2009). The first phenomenon, found with stems ending in a sibilant, is the selection of a marked masculine allomorph only before the plural morph, also a sibilant, which prevents an OCP violation. The second, phrasal, phenomenon is restricted to one dialect of Catalan: the plural morpheme is not realised in prenominal position only when it would surface between two consonants. It is shown that, with some crucial modifications on the way spell-out proceeds, HS/OI can account for the two phenomena when they occur separately, but when they co-occur within the same phrase, wrong predictions are made, due to the one-change-at-a-time basic property of HS. These problems do not arise in a parallel OT approach.
Structural Characterization of the Cell Division Cycle inStrigomonas culicis, an Endosymbiont-Bearing Trypanosomatid
Authors: Brum Felipe Lopes , Catta-Preta Carolina Moura Costa , de Souza Wanderley , Schenkman Sergio , Elias Maria Carolina , Motta Maria Cristina Machado
Published: January 2014

Strigomonas culicis(previously referred to asBlastocrithidia culicis) is a monoxenic trypanosomatid harboring a symbiotic bacterium, which maintains an obligatory relationship with the host protozoan. Investigations of the cell cycle in symbiont harboring trypanosomatids suggest that the bacterium divides in coordination with other host cell structures, particularly the nucleus. In this study we used light and electron microscopy followed by three-dimensional reconstruction to characterize the symbiont division during the cell cycle ofS. culicis. We observed that during this process, the symbiotic bacterium presents different forms and is found at different positions in relationship to the host cell structures. At the G1/S phase of the protozoan cell cycle, the endosymbiont exhibits a constricted form that appears to elongate, resulting in the bacterium division, which occurs before kinetoplast and nucleus segregation. During cytokinesis, the symbionts are positioned close to each nucleus to ensure that each daughter cell will inherit a single copy of the bacterium. These observations indicated that the association of the bacterium with the protozoan nucleus coordinates the cell cycle in both organisms.
Molecular and phenetic characterization of the bacterial assemblage of Hot Lake, WA, an environment with high concentrations of magnesium sulphate, and its relevance to Mars
Authors: Kilmer Brian R. , Eberl Timothy C. , Cunderla Brent , Chen Fei , Clark Benton C. , Schneegurt Mark A.
Published: January 2014

Hot Lake (Oroville, WA) is an athalassohaline epsomite lake that can have precipitating concentrations of MgSO4salts, mainly epsomite. Little biotic study has been done on epsomite lakes and it was unclear whether microbes isolated from epsomite lakes and their margins would fall within recognized halotolerant genera, common soil genera or novel phyla. Our initial study cultivated and characterized epsotolerant bacteria from the lake and its margins. Approximately 100 aerobic heterotrophic microbial isolates were obtained by repetitive streak-plating in high-salt media including either 10% NaCl or 2 M MgSO4. The collected isolates were all bacteria, nearly evenly divided between Gram-positive and Gram-negative clades, the most abundant genera beingHalomonas, Idiomarina, Marinobacter, Marinococcus, Nesterenkonia, NocardiopsisandPlanococcus. Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Exiguobacterium, KocuriaandStaphylococcusalso were cultured. This initial study included culture-independent community analysis of direct DNA extracts of lake margin soil using PCR-based clone libraries and 16S rRNA gene phylogeny. Clones assigned to Gram-positive bacterial clades (70% of total clones) were dominated by sequences related to uncultured actinobacteria. There were abundantDeltaproteobacteriaclones related to bacterial sulphur metabolisms and clones ofLegionellaandCoxiella. These epsomite lake microbial communities seem to be divided between bacteria primarily associated with hyperhaline environments rich in NaCl and salinotolerant relatives of common soil organisms. Archaea appear to be in low abundance and none were isolated, despite near-saturated salinities. Growth of microbes at very high concentrations of magnesium and other sulphates has relevance to planetary protection and life-detection missions to Mars, where scant liquid water may form as deliquescent brines and appear as eutectic liquids.
RACIALIZING POVERTY AND POOR RELIEF
Authors: Gutiérrez Ramón A.
Published: January 2014

Here is a dazzling book, one that offers a rich genealogy for reflection about our current preoccupations. Open up any newspaper. Switch on any television news program. What you will read and hear is a cacophony of voices, many of them discordant, on how to fix, fund, and perhaps shrink the federal government's spending on those insurance programs first created in the 1930s by the New Deal welfare state. Equally factious are the debates on immigration policy that some hope will resolve how the republic will meet its future labor needs and how it will placate its rising Latino voting public. Will we deport eleven million workers? Will we construct electrified fences to protect our southern border from “illegal” invasion? Will we offer unauthorized immigrants a path to citizenship? Stay tuned. And while racial politics are clearly at the covert center of these polemics, the discussion of race is rarely overt probably because some now pronounce us a post-racial society.
THE COLORS OF SOCIAL CITIZENSHIP
Authors: O'Connor Alice
Published: January 2014

In the early 1930s, with worldwide economies sinking deeper into what would become the Great Depression, upwards of 400,000 people crossed the U.S.-Mexico border. They were en route to what for most would be permanent relocation to Mexico.1 Though many traveled from established enclaves in the Midwest and Northeast, the vast majority came from the Southwest, where Mexican America was concentrated. Claims on both sides of the border to the contrary, the mass exodus could hardly be described as voluntary. In addition to the tens of thousands of immigrants subject to stepped-up deportation efforts and state-sponsored repatriations, countless individuals and families were intimidated, “scare-headed” (the term used by an influential local official to describe the Los Angeles campaign) or otherwise coerced into leaving lest they become burdens on the country's overtaxed relief rolls. Significant numbers of the departed were U.S. citizens, swept up in what the progressive journalist Carey McWilliams called “a determination to oust the Mexican.”2
Dispositionelle Selbstkontrollkapazität bei Kindern
Authors: Rauch Wolfgang A. , Gawrilow Caterina , Schermelleh-Engel Karin , Schmitt Kathrin
Published: January 2014

Selbstkontrolle ermöglicht die Unterdrückung oder Modifikation automatischer Reaktionstendenzen. Selbstkontrolle korreliert mit vielen Konstrukten aus unterschiedlichen Bereichen. Zur Erfassung dispositioneller Selbstkontrollkapazität bei Kindern werden bislang vor allem klinisch orientierte Verfahren verwendet. Um auch im Normalbereich Unterschiede in der Selbstkontrollkapazität messen zu können, wurde die bei Erwachsenen bereits bewährte deutsche Kurzform der Self-Control Scale (SCS‐K‐D; Bertrams & Dickhäuser, 2009 ) für die Fremdbeurteilung von Kindern modifiziert und in drei Studien bei Kindern zwischen 6 und 12 Jahren erprobt. Die psychometrischen Kennwerte und die faktorielle Struktur der modifizierten Fassung stimmen mit der der SCS-K-D überein und die Retest-Reliabilität der Skala ist befriedigend. Validitätshinweise ergeben sich aus negativen Korrelationen mit Symptomen externalisierender Störungen. Die Skala differenziert nicht nur zwischen Kindern mit und ohne Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS), sondern zeigt auch noch innerhalb der Gruppen Selbstkontrollunterschiede auf. Die Fremdbeurteilerversion der SCS-K-D ermöglicht die ökonomische Erfassung der dispositionellen Selbstkontrollkapazität bei Kindern im Normal- und klinischen Bereich.
Protein binding for detection of small changes on a nanoparticle surface
Authors: Zeng Shang , Huang Yu-ming M. , Chang Chia-en A. , Zhong Wenwan
Published: January 2014

Protein adsorption is sensitive enough to detect structural changes in the head group of the polymeric ligand.
NMR methodology for complex mixture ‘separation’
Authors: Bell Nicholle G. A. , Murray Lorna , Graham Margaret C. , Uhrín Dušan
Published: January 2014

Mixture ‘separation’ by NMR is demonstrated through the development of a pseudo 4D NMR experiment, 3D IPAP INEPT-INADEQUATE-HSQC.
ZnCl2-catalyzed chemoselective cascade reactions of enaminones with 2-furylcarbinols: a versatile process for the synthesis of cyclopenta[b]pyrrole derivatives
Authors: Wang Chengyu , Dong Chunyi , Kong Lingkai , Li Yanli , Li Yanzhong
Published: January 2014

A ZnCl2-catalyzed cascade reaction of enaminones with 2-furylcarbinols offers a chemo- and diastereo-selective access to functionalized cyclopenta[b]pyrrole derivatives.
Mixed anhydride complexes of rhodium(i) and ruthenium(ii) – their synthesis and ligand rearrangements
Authors: Coetzee Jacorien , Eastham Graham R. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Cole-Hamilton David J.
Published: January 2014

The coordination chemistry and solution behaviour of Rh(i) and Ru(ii) complexes derived from mixed anhydride ligands were explored. Mixed anhydride complexes rearrange in solutionviaa number of pathways and plausible mechanisms for some of the rearrangements are proposed.