bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of economically viable option of liquidation the consequences of external dump deformation
Authors: Babets Yevheniy , Anisimov Oleh , Shustov Oleksandr , Komirna Vitalina , Melnikova Iryna
Published: June 2021

The safety factors for different variants of operation development were obtained, on the basis of which the technical and economic indicators were established and the most expedient way of restoration of dump operations in conditions of the formed landslide was chosen. The solutions were proposed for the external dump No 2 of the Central Ore Mining and Processing Enterprise (COMPE), that allow to continue its future operation. When working in the conditions of the formed landslide, three variants of the further dump operation are modeled: the first one - with landslide removal and unloading of the upper dump horizons, the second one - without landslide removal and involvement of disturbed lands in land allotment, the third one - with the landslide loading. Based on the built sections of the dump and defined physical and mechanical properties, the stability factors were obtained for different options of the operation development, which made it possible to determine the appropriate option to eliminate the effects of the dump slide deformations. As a result of the calculations, the cost flows for each of the proposed options of the formation of the end contour of the dump No 2 are determined.
Innovative mining technologies with complex geomechanical characteristics
Authors: Anastasov Dimitar , Eftimov Zdravets
Published: June 2021

The article presents innovative technologies for the extraction of minerals from underground mines with complex geological, mining, and technical and geomechanical characteristics. The need to develop such mining technologies is discussed and the conditions under which they should be applied are presented. Principal variants of extraction technologies such as Raisebor technology, Raisebor technology in combination with the drilling and blasting method and the continuous development system using Alimak or KOV - 25 monorail complex are shown in the article.
Source term model of radioactive liquid spills for actual decision support systems
Authors: Kyrylenko Yurii , Kameneva Iryna , Popov Oleksandr , Iatsyshyn Andrii , Matvieieva Iryna , Bliznyuk Valery , Molitor Norbert
Published: June 2021

Spills of liquid radioactive material are reviewed as potential event that can be associated with release into the atmosphere. Existing approaches to radiological impact assessment for onsite as well as offsite of facility are presented. The example of using the actual Java version of the European RODOS system as prototype of the decision support system shows the general implementation of the analysis and preparation of initial data in order to model the radiological impact on the public, personnel and environment. Given the specifics of the occurrence of emergency scenarios of this type, features of atmospheric models application, description of the source term model, software integration features, ventilation task solving, completeness and format of the initial data required for radiological consequence modelling.
Ecological changes in geological media and Siverskyi Donets River basin under the condition of goal mines flooding
Authors: Anpilova Yevheniia , Yakovliev Yevhenii , Petry Rolf , Horbulin Volodymyr
Published: June 2021

Complex economic, geological-technological state of coal mines and impact of the armed conflict factors (the breakdown of energy supply, objects of critical infrastructure, etc.) accelerated closure of coal mines by the method of “wet preservation” in particular. In most developed EU countries decommissioning of coal mines, which have great depth (up to 1,0-1,5 km) and areas of minefields, occurs according to the post-mining (PM) research and production complex, which is based on the scientific and technological activities regarding prevention of dangerous changes in the geological environment (GE) - subsidence of ground surface, lands flooding, emission of explosive and toxic gases as well as reduction of outflows of polluted water into the local river basins (RB) and the soil aquifer. Additionally, PM suggests some mining works turning into the hydraulic-filtration system of mine water retention at a depth of 250-350 m with a purpose of preventing pollution flow into the freshwater aquifers and river network, preserving regional aquitards, degassing of mountain surface. In general, the PM activities complex aims at maintaining the balance and protective potential of the GE as mineral and landscape basis of the biosphere, elimination of dangerous changes in ecological parameters of the hydrographical network. It is shown that new models of subsoil and water use, geological prospecting structure, scientific basis for permissible changes in GE and RB are required together with closure of “old” mining works (MW) and opening of new ones, improvement of the environment monitoring based on GIS technologies and Earth remote sensing.
Geomodels of space monitoring of water bodies
Authors: Trysnyuk Vasyl , Trysnyuk Taras , Nikitin Anatolii , Kurylo Anatolii , Demydenko Olga
Published: June 2021

Theme of the paper is the solution of flooding geomodels creation for Dniester river basin territory, which uses contact and remote measurements. Natural and anthropogenic factors causing groundwater level rising were analyzed for localization of flooded zones and forecasting of geometric characteristics. Geographic information systems for researched area include the spatial binding of the hydrological elements and observation points, digital model of relief preparation, basin allocation catchment, flooded areas modeling. Structural features include the size and shape of object, brightness disposal within the object, image texture, some others. Possibility of available remote sensing data use allows reducing temporal and economic cost for conducting additional ground measurements for possible flooded areas determining. These methods of geomodels creation are realized for the territory of Dniester Canyon, the hydrogeologic feature of which is connected to the Upper Cretaceous horizon and groundwater.
Sorption characteristics studies of eco-friendly polymer composites
Authors: Lebedev Vladimir , Tykhomyrova Tetiana , Lytvynenko Oleksandr , Grekova Alla , Avina Svitlana
Published: June 2021

This paper presents the results of new composite materials based on polylactide and coffee grounds sorption characteristics study. New material, that include coffee grounds as additive material is cheaper than one of common polylactide. All types of dishes cam be made from new material and they also will be biodegradable, as made from polylactide. The sorption properties and characteristics were tested in different liquid medium. The last was chosen among the most wide spread mediums which are contact with dishes during its operational life. It was found, that optimal content of coffee grounds is 40 wt.% as for level of impact strength also for complex of sorption characteristics.
Use of GIS technology in geographical education
Authors: Demeuov Аrman , Tilekova Zhanna , Tokpanov Yerkin , Hanchuk Olena , Panteleeva Natalia , Varfolomyeyeva Iryna
Published: June 2021

At the present stage, digital information technologies create a new education system focused on the global educational space. In general education schools, in connection with the adoption of the updated program, the section Geoinformatics and cartography provides for the use of developing a map-scheme, modeling and conducting small studies on the topic under study. As a result, digital technology has a place in geographical education. This is due to significant changes in the pedagogical and methodological approach in teaching geography and other disciplines. As a result, the education system has changed, the content of education has been updated, a new approach has appeared, a new attitude to geoinformation technologies in schools. The article discusses the importance of computer technologies in the education system, including the effectiveness and necessity of using geoinformation technologies. The article substantiates the relevance of the use of geoinformation technologies in the teaching of geography.
Massimo Salvatores: integral experiments and their use for the validation of nuclear data and the neutronic design of advanced nuclear systems
Authors: Palmiotti Giuseppe , Blaise Patrick , Mellier Frédéric
Published: June 2021

Among the many domains of reactor physics on which Massimo Salvatores gave his considerable contributions, he was particularly passionate about integral experiments. In this paper, we make a review of selected experimental campaigns among the numerous ones he has promoted, conceived, designed, directed, or analyzed. They have been regrouped in a temporal sequence corresponding to the different periods of Massimo's career, which exceeded 50 years. When possible, for each of the experiments we provide a brief description, the goal for which it was conceived and carried out, and the practical impact on validation and design improvement. Finally, the conclusions offer thoughts and suggestions for the future of the integral experiments and a possible way of honoring the invaluable legacy that Massimo Salvatores has left to us.
Tageshospize – wichtige organisatorische und grundlegende versorgungsrelevante Aspekte aus der Perspektive von Patienten und Angehörigen
Authors: Kaiser Ulrich , Vehling-Kaiser Ursula , Hoffmann Ana , Grube Matthias , Kaiser Florian
Published: June 2021

Ziel der Studie Tageshospize stellen einen neuen Baustein der palliativmedizinischen Versorgung dar. Daten zu organisatorischen und grundlegenden versorgungsrelevanten Aspekten liegen kaum vor. Diese sollen nun aus Sicht von Patienten und Angehörigen erhoben werden.

Methodik In einer schriftlichen Umfrage unter 209 Palliativpatienten und 105 Angehörigen an drei onkologischen Zentren wurden erste Eindrücke zum Bedarf und zur Planungsumsetzung von Tageshospizen ermittelt.

Ergebnisse 81 % (n = 169) der Patienten und 75 % (n = 79) der Angehörigen erwarteten einen Benefit durch den Besuch von Tageshospizen. Öffnungszeiten wurden v. a. wochentags von 7:00–19:00 Uhr präferiert. 39 % (n = 41) der Angehörigen fühlten sich durch die Patientenpflege zeitweise überlastet, 80 % (n = 84) gingen von einer Entlastung durch ein Tageshospiz aus.

Schlussfolgerung Tageshospize könnten aus Sicht von Patienten und Angehörigen die palliativmedizinische Versorgung sinnvoll ergänzen. Der Bedarf scheint v. a. unter der Woche zu den Hauptarbeitszeiten zu liegen.
Impact of Resident-Led Small-Group Learning Sessions on Preclinical Students' Perceptions of Ophthalmology
Authors: Sorab Priya , Benza Andrew R. , Patterson Ian T. , Kelly Lisa D.
Published: June 2021

Introduction Resident physicians have a significant role in the education of medical students, and limited research has demonstrated that positive interactions with residents are linked with enhanced students’ perceptions of a specialty. Minimal research on residents as teachers has been done in ophthalmology, and no research has examined the impact of residents as teachers on the perceptions of preclinical students. This is an important area of interest because ophthalmology conducts an early match. The competitiveness of the field increases the importance of early involvement in research and clinical activities. This study aimed to assess the role of a resident-led workshops as a vehicle for exposing preclinical students to ophthalmology.

Methods A 2-hour workshop on the Ophthalmology Clinical Skills was held at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine in November 2018. The workshop was conducted by seven ophthalmology residents, and the learners were 15 first-year and 11 second-year medical students. The workshop format consisted of a 30-minute introductory lecture on the field of ophthalmology, followed by a 60-minute small-group clinical skills’ session focusing on direct ophthalmoscopy and slit lamp examination. Preworkshop and postworkshop surveys were administered to the medical students, and Student’s paired sample t-test was used to assess the differences in responses before and after the workshop.

Results Students’ average interest in ophthalmology rose (p = 0.049) as did their likeliness to approach a resident for career advice (p = 4.65 × 10−6) and their likeliness to attend the Secrets of the Match Lunch talk, a yearly talk held by a student matched into ophthalmology (p = 0.002).

Conclusion These results suggest that resident intervention can have a positive impact on preclinical students’ perceptions of ophthalmology and may be a good educational strategy to foster their positive attitudes toward the field.
Facial Nerve Reconstruction with Free Vascularized Composite Nerve Flap from Intrapetrous Portion to Terminal Branches—Case Report
Authors: Cavadas Pedro C. , Baklinska Magdalena
Published: June 2021

The case presented here is a delayed reconstruction of a facial nerve defect after radical parotidectomy without a useful nerve stump at the stylomastoid foramen. A composite free flap was used to reconnect the nerve’s intrapetrous portion to the peripheral branches and reconstruct the soft-tissue deficit.
Effects of Laparoscopic Hartmann Reversal on Short-term Operative Outcomes Among Vietnamese Patients
Authors: Ung Viet Van , Huynh Bang Cong , Le Vinh Chi , Tran Dang Ngoc , Vo Trung Nguyen , Pham Tan Van , Nguyen Bac Hoang
Published: June 2021

Background The reestablishment of continuity after Hartmann operation is considered a major surgical procedure with high morbidity and mortality. The optimal interval time between the Hartman procedure and reversal is controversial. Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of laparoscopic Hartmann reversal and to determine the optimal timing of operation.

Methods All patients who underwent laparoscopic Hartmann reversal from 2008 to 2019 (11 years) at the University Medical Center (UMC) in Ho Chi Minh City were recruited and divided into 2 groups according to the interval time (≤ 4 or > 4 months). The short-term operative outcomes of these groups were compared.

Results There were 66 patients who underwent laparoscopic Hartmann reversal (mean age: 63.2 years old); ∼ 77% of them had colorectal cancer, and 17% had complicated diverticular disease. The mortality rate, anastomotic leakage rate, and overall complication rate were 0%, 1.5%, and 13.2%, respectively. Early operation was performed in 36 patients, and late reversal in 28 patients. There was no difference in mortality, anastomotic leakage, operative complications, and hospital stay between the two groups.

Conclusion Laparoscopic Hartmann reversal was effective with acceptable morbidity and mortality at the UMC. There was no observed impact of the interval time between the Hartmann procedure and laparoscopic Hartmann reversal on the short-term operative outcomes.
The My Diabetes Care Patient Portal Intervention: Usability and Pre-Post Assessment
Authors: Martinez William , Hackstadt Amber J. , Hickson Gerald B. , Knoerl Thomas , Rosenbloom S. Trent , Wallston Kenneth A. , Elasy Tom A.
Published: June 2021

Background My Diabetes Care (MDC) is a novel, multifaceted patient portal intervention designed to help patients better understand their diabetes health data and support self-management. MDC uses infographics to visualize and summarize patients' diabetes health data, incorporates motivational strategies, and provides literacy level–appropriate educational resources.

Objectives We aimed to assess the usability, acceptability, perceptions, and potential impact of MDC.

Methods We recruited 69 participants from four clinics affiliated with Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Participants were given 1 month of access to MDC and completed pre- and post-questionnaires including validated measures of usability and patient activation, and questions about user experience.

Results Sixty participants completed the study. Participants' mean age was 58, 55% were females, 68% were Caucasians, and 48% had limited health literacy (HL). Most participants (80%) visited MDC three or more times and 50% spent a total of ≥15 minutes on MDC. Participants' median System Usability Scale (SUS) score was 78.8 [Q1, Q3: 72.5, 87.5] and significantly greater than the threshold value of 68 indicative of “above average” usability (p < 0.001). The median SUS score of patients with limited HL was similar to those with adequate HL (77.5 [72.5, 85.0] vs. 82.5 [72.5, 92.5]; p = 0.41). Participants most commonly reported the literacy level–appropriate educational links and health data infographics as features that helped them better understand their diabetes health data (65%). All participants (100%) intended to continue to use MDC. Median Patient Activation Measure® scores increased postintervention (64.3 [55.6, 72.5] vs. 67.8 [60.6, 75.0]; p = 0.01).

Conclusion Participants, including those with limited HL, rated the usability of MDC above average, anticipated continued use, and identified key features that improved their understanding of diabetes health data. Patient activation improved over the study period. Our findings suggest MDC may be a beneficial addition to existing patient portals.
Imaging in X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: van de Stadt Stephanie I.W. , Huffnagel Irene C. , Turk Bela R. , van der Knaap Marjo S. , Engelen Marc
Published: June 2021

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for the detection of cerebral lesions in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). ALD is one of the most common peroxisomal disorders and is characterized by a defect in degradation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA), resulting in accumulation of VLCFA in plasma and tissues. The clinical spectrum of ALD is wide and includes adrenocortical insufficiency, a slowly progressive myelopathy in adulthood, and cerebral demyelination in a subset of male patients. Cerebral demyelination (cerebral ALD) can be treated with hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) but only in an early (pre- or early symptomatic) stage and therefore active MRI surveillance is recommended for male patients, both pediatric and adult. Although structural MRI of the brain can detect the presence and extent of cerebral lesions, it does not predict if and when cerebral demyelination will occur. There is a great need for imaging techniques that predict onset of cerebral ALD before lesions appear. Also, imaging markers for severity of myelopathy as surrogate outcome measure in clinical trials would facilitate drug development. New quantitative MRI techniques are promising in that respect. This review focuses on structural and quantitative imaging techniques—including magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion tensor imaging, MR perfusion imaging, magnetization transfer (MT) imaging, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and myelin water fraction imaging—used in ALD and their role in clinical practice and research opportunities for the future.
Helfen Heilpflanzen wirklich?
Authors: Vogelsang Katharina
Published: June 2021

Welche Belege gibt es für die Wirksamkeit pflanzlicher Arzneidrogen und damit pflanzlicher Arzneimittel? Pharmazeutin Dr. Katharina Vogelsang stellt verschiedene Monografiesysteme vor und erklärt, wie aussagekräftig sie sind.
Waldbüffet
Authors: März Henrike
Published: June 2021

Unsere frühen Vorfahren ernährten sich ausschließlich von den Gaben der Natur. Der Wald bot ihnen eine reichhaltige Quelle an Kräutern, Wurzeln, Beeren und Samen mit saisonal wechselndem Angebot. Wer sich gut auskennt, kann sich auch heute noch am Waldbüffet bedienen.
Gesunde Waldküche
Authors: März Henrike
Published: June 2021

Weißdornfrüchte, Bärlauch verschiedene Knospen, und junge Fichtentriebe sorgen für aufregende Geschmackserlebnisse: Vier Rezepte mit frisch gesammelten Zutaten aus dem Wald.
Highly efficient soft x-ray spectrometer for transient absorption spectroscopy with broadband table-top high harmonic sources
Authors: Kleine Carlo , Ekimova Maria , Winghart Marc-Oliver , Eckert Sebastian , Reichel Oliver , Löchel Heike , Probst Jürgen , Braig Christoph , Seifert Christian , Erko Alexei , Sokolov Andrey , Vrakking Marc J. J. , Nibbering Erik T. J. , Rouzée Arnaud
Published: June 2021

We present a novel soft x-ray spectrometer for ultrafast absorption spectroscopy utilizing table-top femtosecond high-order harmonic sources. Where most commercially available spectrometers rely on spherical variable line space gratings with a typical efficiency on the order of 3% in the first diffractive order, this spectrometer, based on a Hettrick–Underwood design, includes a reflective zone plate as a dispersive element. An improved efficiency of 12% at the N K-edge is achieved, accompanied by a resolving power of 890. The high performance of the soft x-ray spectrometer is further demonstrated by comparing nitrogen K-edge absorption spectra from calcium nitrate in aqueous solution obtained with our high-order harmonic source to previous measurements performed at the electron storage ring facility BESSY II.
Advances in removing mass transport limitations for more physiologically relevant in vitro 3D cell constructs
Authors: Mansouri Mona , Leipzig Nic D.
Published: June 2021

Spheroids and organoids are promising models for biomedical applications ranging from human disease modeling to drug discovery. A main goal of these 3D cell-based platforms is to recapitulate important physiological parameters of their in vivo organ counterparts. One way to achieve improved biomimetic architectures and functions is to culture cells at higher density and larger total numbers. However, poor nutrient and waste transport lead to low stability, survival, and functionality over extended periods of time, presenting outstanding challenges in this field. Fortunately, important improvements in culture strategies have enhanced the survival and function of cells within engineered microtissues/organs. Here, we first discuss the challenges of growing large spheroids/organoids with a focus on mass transport limitations, then highlight recent tools and methodologies that are available for producing and sustaining functional 3D in vitro models. This information points toward the fact that there is a critical need for the continued development of novel cell culture strategies that address mass transport in a physiologically relevant human setting to generate long-lasting and large-sized spheroids/organoids.
Perturbative correction to the adiabatic approximation for (d, p) reactions
Authors: Moschini L , Timofeyuk N K , Johnson R C
Published: June 2021

The adiabatic distorted wave approximation (ADWA) is widely used by the nuclear community to analyse deuteron stripping (d, p) experiments. It provides a quick way to take into account an important property of the reaction mechanism: deuteron breakup. In this work we provide a numerical quantification of a perturbative correction to this theory, recently proposed in Johnson (2014 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.
41 094005) for separable rank-one nucleon–proton potentials. The correction involves an additional, nonlocal, term in the effective deuteron–target ADWA potential in the entrance channel. We test the calculations with perturbative corrections against continuum-discretized coupled channel predictions which treat deuteron breakup exactly.
Variability of zooplankton in surrounding five small islands of Kotania Bay, Western Seram, Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Huliselan N V , Tuapattinaja M A
Published: June 2021

This study was conducted on March, July and October 2017 in Kotania Bay at 6 fixed stations surrounding five small islands namely Island of Marsegu, Osi, Burung, Buntal, Tatumbu and station off the coast. Those islands have a complexity of biological communities, such as, on Marsegu, Osi, Buntal and Burung, were dominated by mangrove, seagrass and coral reef communities. While the island of Tatumbu dominated by the community of mangrove and seagrass. This bay is a very potential and has considerable fisheries resources. Zooplankton organism were collected by towing zooplankton net horizontally and the samples were preserved using formaldehyde. Zooplankton abundance showed the peak abundance at station of Marsegu (2297 ind m -3), it was in the third period and the lowest was at the station of Osi, and it was during the first period (52 ind m -3). The zooplankton composition was highest during the third period (21 genera) at off-coast station, while the lowest was in the first period and second period (10 genera) at station Osi and station Burung, respectively. The highest similarity indices were between stations off-coast and Buntal at the value of 93.02% and the lowest was between station Buntal and Marsegu (61.90%). There were no correlations between the abundant of zooplankton and the hydrology parameters such as DO, temperature, salinity, pH and water clarity. However, the positive significant correlation between composition and the hydrological parameters during the first and third period (R2=0.53 and 0.65 respectively). It highlighted the differences in composition and abundance of zooplankton figured out the type of waters of those islands during period of study.
Isolation and identification petroleum decomposing bacteria as the basis for management of Ambon Bays
Authors: Tuhumury N C , Mamesah J A B , Kaimudin R I
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this research is to determine the bacteria that have the potential to degrade pertroleum in the waters of Ambon Bay. The research was conducted in July-September 2020 in the waters of Ambon Bay, precisely in two locations, namely PT. Perikanan Nusantara Ambon Branch Port in Galala (station 1) and Perikanan Nusantara Ambon Port in Tantui (station 2). The research method used was purposive sampling method on seawater sampling, laboratory-scale experimental method for the isolation of oil-decomposing bacteria, and morphological characterization observations using Stone Mineral Salt Solution Extract Yeast (SMSSe) media. The identification of bacteria uses macroscopic observation to observe the characteristics of the bacterial colony, while microscopic observation is used to observe the shape of the cell and the properties of the bacteria. Environmental parameters at the two stations include temperature, pH, DO, salinity, and brightness categorized as normal for bacterial growth. The results of bacterial isolation is that 7 isolates were obtained, consisting of 5 isolates found at station 1 and 2 isolates found at station 2. The highest total number of bacteria is 123.10-5 CFU/ml, while the lowest is 47.10-5 CFU/ml. In general, the characteristics of diesel oil-degrading bacterial isolates have circular and irregular colony forms, entire and lobate colony edges, raised and convex colony elevations, milky white, yellow, and cream colony colors, and bacilli and coccus cell shapes. Based on the results of gram isolate staining, there were 5gram negative bacterial isolates and 2gram positive bacterial isolates.
The supply chain risk assessment for tuna during the Covid-19 pandemic in Ambon by using the House of Risk Method
Authors: Paillin D B , Tupan J M
Published: June 2021

This study aims to mitigate risks in supply chain activities in tuna products during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method used in this research is House of Risk (HOR) approach by identifying each business process activity based on the Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) model. House of Risk (HOR) offers a framework for controlling risk effectively in managing risk from risk agents. Aggregate Risk Potential (ARP) is used to determine the priority of risk sources that need to be done in designing a mitigation strategy. The results of the study identified 32 risk events and 52 risk agents. House of Risk (HOR) phase 1 shows that 11 Risk Agents will be prioritized for handling based on the highest ARP value, which further proposes 16 possible mitigation strategies. Based on the value of Effectiveness to Difficulty (ETD) from the House of Risk (HOR) phase 2, 12 mitigation strategy measures were taken from 16 proposed strategies that would be used to prevent risk causes.
Recognition of Tuberculosis Through Image Modalities
Authors: Bharath V , Gokul M , Parthasaarathi S , Vignesh U
Published: June 2021

This project is based upon the different process determined for the recognition of lung tuberculosis using different modalities like filtering, lung boundaries detection, extraction of tuberculosis and performance evaluation measures. We all basically know about lung tuberculosis, which is caused by a bacterial infection that causes the majority of death rate around the world. It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M tuberculosis). This project tries to detect the tuberculosis in minimum investment. In this project first we get the X-ray images of infected person. After that the X-ray images are given as the input then the preprocessing is applied in that we use filter which removes the unnecessary noise and also helps to acquire clear images. Then the output which is obtained from the preprocessing is given as the as the input for lung boundary detection after detecting the boundaries the output we detect is fused to get Lung Boundary Detection. In this LBD the features such as area, major and minor axis etc…are detected. Under the various process we detect the TB that is present in X-ray or not.
Review on indoor air quality in Indianbuildings
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Preethi , Saravanakumar P , Joshi Nikhil N , Harish B , Jeyanthi J
Published: June 2021

World Health Organisation reports Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and lung cancer has the second in top ten reasons of death worldwide accounting to 4.7 million deaths in 2016 next to Ischaemic heart disease and stroke. COPD and Lung cancer is a chronic disease which arises while (i) Inhaling a small amount of irritants over a long period of time (ii) Inhaling a large amount of irritants over a short period of time. Therefore Polluted air or contaminated air is the main reason behind the cause of COPD. Air Quality is classified into Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). IAQ has more influence on people than AAQ since 90% of time person spends indoor such as in home, office, industrial buildings worksite, etc,. Therefore proper maintaining proper indoor quality within the confined building can save people from diseases like COPD. Indoor Air Quality get poorer due to reasons like smoking, incomplete combustion of solid fuel, improper ventilation, etc,. In India there is no proper standards for Indoor Air Quality Assessment like Ambient Air Quality Assessment. Also the characteristic influencing Indoor Air Quality slightly differs from characteristics of Ambient Air Quality. According to ASHREA standard Indoor Air Quality is characterized with the parameters such as radon, aerosol and bioaerosol, VOC, etc,. Poor Indoor Air Quality can cause Sick Building Syndrome and Building related Illness too. It also influences the human comfort to people inside the building. Indian Buildings both residential and Commercial are constructed without proper ventilation leading to human discomfort and unnoticedindoorairpollutantscancauseserioushealthconcerns.
Biomechanical evaluation of suture materials used for abdominal fascial closure
Authors: Ortiz de Elguea-Lizarraga Jose Ignacio , Segura-Ibarra Victor , Vazquez-Armendariz Javier , Garcia-Garcia Ana Lucia , Diaz-Elizondo Jose Antonio , Rodriguez Ciro , Flores-Villalba Eduardo
Published: June 2021

Background. While there are clear recommendations for the technique and suture material for abdominal fascial closure, surgeons may have personal preferences arising from prevoius experiences or influenced during training. The decision of which suture material to use should not influence the outcome of fascial closure. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of time and tension on the mechanical properties of sutures used for abdominal fascial closure. Methods. Polyglactin 910, polypropylene, and polydioxanone sutures were exposed to 8 and 10 newtons of constant tensile strain during a period of 7 and 14 days. They were then mechanically tested to assess changes in their properties regarding strength and deformation. Results. No significant changes were observed in maximum tensile force or extension within the different suture groups. Regarding deformation, polypropylene and polydioxanone did not exhibit alterations in their curve behavior, while polyglactin 910 did exhibit changes compared to the control group, as seen by the elevation in its Young modulus when manipulated. Conclusions. Our study finds that while different sutures behave differently, nor time or tension have a negative effect on their biomechanical resilience and can withstand tensile strengths well above any physiological or pathological condition.
Silver decorated lanthanum calcium manganate for electrochemical supercapacitor
Authors: Sun Xucong , Hao Zeyu , Nan Haoshan , Xu Jian , Tian Hongwei
Published: June 2021

Perovskite La0.5Ca0.5MnO3 (LCM) based materials are promising for electrode construction but their poor conductivities often lead to limited electrochemical performances. In this work, LCM was combined with Ag through the two-step process based on sol-gel and silver mirror reaction. The as-obtained LCM@Ag composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray powder diffraction. The mass percent determined by energy disperse spectroscopy combined with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was estimated at 5%. The electrochemical measurements showed LCM@Ag to possess superior specific capacitance of 287 C g−1 (179 F g−1) at 1.5 A g−1 while pure LCM delivered only 187 C g−1 (117 F g−1). The key to the improvement of performance can be attributed to the silver nanoparticle introduction, which leads to the enhancement of the electron transport capacity and ion diffusion for the composite. Meanwhile, the cycle stability slightly improved and the retention rate after 3,000 cycles at 10 A g−1 reached 66%. In sum, La0.5Ca0.5MnO3 perovskite system looks promising for electrode construction, where silver modification could improve the overall electrochemical properties.
Optical and structural proprieties of the new triblock copolymer (A-B-C) based on p-terphenyl, PVK and MEH-PPV for organic electronics: Experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Abbassi F , Almoneef M M , Mbarek M , Kreher D , Alimi K
Published: June 2021

A new cross-linked triblock copolymer has been elaborated. The optical properties have demonstrated that the resulting material presents original properties compared to the pristine homopolymers. In fact, the optical absorption of the A-B-C copolymer overlapped all the ultraviolet (UV) and visible domain. Furthermore, combined with experimental analyses, DFT and TD-DFT calculations have been used to predict the most probable appropriate model structure of the triblock copolymer. So, the electronic properties of the selected model structure have been computed. All the obtained results support that this new copolymer is usable as an active layer in the optoelectronic fields due to its original properties.
Surface Fermi contours and phonon anomalies at the surface of the random alloy
Authors: Okada Michio , Rotenberg Eli , Kevan S D , Schäfer J , Plummer E W
Published: June 2021

The impact of compositional disorder on physical properties is a subject of prime focus in many materials systems. In this paper, we report photoemission measurements of Mo1−x
Re
x
(110)-(1 × 1)H alloy surfaces to probe the relationship between the surface Fermi contours and giant Kohn anomalies observed in the surface phonon dispersion relations. Our measured nesting vectors precisely predict the composition dependence of the anomalous wave vectors.
Evaluation of synthetic and experimental training data in supervised machine learning applied to charge-state detection of quantum dots
Authors: Darulová J , Troyer M , Cassidy M C
Published: June 2021

Automated tuning of gate-defined quantum dots is a requirement for large-scale semiconductor-based qubit initialisation. An essential step of these tuning procedures is charge-state detection based on charge stability diagrams. Using supervised machine learning to perform this task requires a large dataset for models to train on. In order to avoid hand labelling experimental data, synthetic data has been explored as an alternative. While providing a significant increase in the size of the training dataset compared to using experimental data, using synthetic data means that classifiers are trained on data sourced from a different distribution than the experimental data that is part of the tuning process. Here we evaluate the prediction accuracy of a range of machine learning models trained on simulated and experimental data, and their ability to generalise to experimental charge stability diagrams in two-dimensional electron gas and nanowire devices. We find that classifiers perform best on either purely experimental or a combination of synthetic and experimental training data, and that adding common experimental noise signatures to the synthetic data does not dramatically improve the classification accuracy. These results suggest that experimental training data as well as realistic quantum dot simulations and noise models are essential in charge-state detection using supervised machine learning.
A simple proof of scattering for the intercritical inhomogeneous NLS
Authors: Murphy Jason
Published: June 2021

We adapt the argument of Dodson and Murphy [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 145 (2017), pp. 4859–4867] to give a simple proof of scattering below the ground state for the intercritical inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The decaying factor in the nonlinearity obviates the need for a radial assumption.
Maps on positive definite cones of 𝐶*-algebras preserving the Wasserstein mean
Authors: Molnár Lajos
Published: June 2021

The primary aim of this paper is to present the complete description of the isomorphisms between positive definite cones of

C
∗

C^*

-algebras with respect to the recently introduced Wasserstein mean and to show the nonexistence of nonconstant such morphisms into the positive reals in the case of von Neumann algebras without type I

2

_2

, I

1

_1

direct summands. A comment on the algebraic properties of the Wasserstein mean relating associativity is also made.
Dynamical obstructions to classification by (co)homology and other TSI-group invariants
Authors: Allison Shaun , Panagiotopoulos Aristotelis
Published: June 2021

In the spirit of Hjorth’s turbulence theory, we introduce “unbalancedness”: a new dynamical obstruction to classifying orbit equivalence relations by actions of Polish groups which admit a two-sided invariant metric (TSI). Since abelian groups are TSI, unbalancedness can be used for identifying which classification problems cannot be solved by classical homology and cohomology theories.

In terms of applications, we show that Morita equivalence of continuous-trace

C
∗

C^*

-algebras, as well as isomorphism of Hermitian line bundles, are not classifiable by actions of TSI groups. In the process, we show that the Wreath product of any two non-compact subgroups of

S

∞

S_{\infty }

admits an action whose orbit equivalence relation is generically ergodic against any action of a TSI group and we deduce that there is an orbit equivalence relation of a CLI group which is not classifiable by actions of TSI groups.
Synaptobrevin-2 dependent regulation of single synaptic vesicle endocytosis
Authors: Chanaday Natali L. , Kavalali Ege T.
Published: June 2021

The nature of the mechanism coupling fusion and endocytosis of synaptic vesicles has been long debated. Here, Chanaday and Kavalali show that the SNARE synaptobrevin-2 couples fast synchronous, single synaptic vesicle release to a Ca2+-dependent fast mode of retrieval.
Non-parametric modelling of temporal and spatial counts data from RNA-seq experiments
Authors: BinTayyash Nuha , Georgaka Sokratia , John S T , Ahmed Sumon , Boukouvalas Alexis , Hensman James , Rattray Magnus
Published: June 2021

Motivation

The negative binomial distribution has been shown to be a good model for counts data from both bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). Gaussian process (GP) regression provides a useful non-parametric approach for modelling temporal or spatial changes in gene expression. However, currently available GP regression methods that implement negative binomial likelihood models do not scale to the increasingly large datasets being produced by single-cell and spatial transcriptomics.

Results

The GPcounts package implements GP regression methods for modelling counts data using a negative binomial likelihood function. Computational efficiency is achieved through the use of variational Bayesian inference. The GP function models changes in the mean of the negative binomial likelihood through a logarithmic link function and the dispersion parameter is fitted by maximum likelihood. We validate the method on simulated time course data, showing better performance to identify changes in over-dispersed counts data than methods based on Gaussian or Poisson likelihoods. To demonstrate temporal inference, we apply GPcounts to single-cell RNA-seq datasets after pseudotime and branching inference. To demonstrate spatial inference, we apply GPcounts to data from the mouse olfactory bulb to identify spatially variable genes and compare to two published GP methods. We also provide the option of modelling additional dropout using a zero-inflated negative binomial. Our results show that GPcounts can be used to model temporal and spatial counts data in cases where simpler Gaussian and Poisson likelihoods are unrealistic.

Availability and implementation

GPcounts is implemented using the GPflow library in Python and is available at https://github.com/ManchesterBioinference/GPcounts along with the data, code and notebooks required to reproduce the results presented here. The version used for this paper is archived at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027066.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
On skill and chance in sport
Authors: Scarf Phil , Khare Akshay , Alotaibi Naif
Published: June 2021

This work studies outcome uncertainty and competitive balance from a broad perspective. It considers four sports with varying scoring rates, from soccer with typically three goals per match to netball with one hundred goals per match. Within a general modelling framework for a two-competitor contest, we argue that outcome uncertainty, the extent to which the outcome of a contest is unpredictable, depends on scoring rate, on strength variation and on score dependence. Score dependence is essentially the tendency for scores to alternate because possession alternates and possession is advantageous. We regard competitive balance as lack of variation in strength or skill, so that when strength variation is large competitive balance is low and vice versa. Thus, we argue that the outcome of a contest depends on skill, scoring rate, score dependence and chance. This description of outcome is useful because it informs policy-making in sport about the design of scoring systems and the control of competitive imbalance. Broadly, we find that: soccer is relatively competitively unbalanced but outcomes are uncertain because the scoring rate is low; the Australian football league is competitively balanced and so outcomes are uncertain in spite of the high scoring rate in this sport; international rugby matches are relatively neither competitive nor uncertain so that little is left to chance; and netball matches have uncertain outcomes because scores are positively dependent.
Antibiotic Therapies forClostridioides difficileInfection in Children
Authors: Gonzales-Luna Anne J , Carlson Travis J , Garey Kevin W
Published: June 2021

While rates of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) are increasing among children in the United States, studies assessing CDI treatment in children are severely lacking. Thus, treatment guidelines have historically relied on evidence from limited observational data in children and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in adults to form recommendations. Currently, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) recommend metronidazole and/or vancomycin for pediatric CDI depending on disease severity. Recently however, the first and only RCT of CDI treatment in children demonstrated fidaxomicin to be non-inferior to vancomycin, proving its safety and efficacy in this population. Additionally, observational data published since the IDSA/SHEA guidelines were released suggest metronidazole has lower rates of clinical improvement when compared to vancomycin in hospitalized children with non-severe CDI. Given these recent publications, fidaxomicin and vancomycin, instead of metronidazole, appear to be more appropriate, evidence-based options for the treatment of CDI in children.
Perimyocarditis in Adolescents After Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: Tano Eric , San Martin Stephanie , Girgis Stephen , Martinez-Fernandez Yadira , Sanchez Vegas Carolina
Published: June 2021

On May 10, 2021, the Emergency Use Authorization of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (BNT162b2) was expanded to include adolescents (May 10, 2021. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine-emergency-use). We describe clinical characteristics of 8 adolescents who presented over the course of 36 days to Nicklaus Children’s Hospital with perimyocarditis within 4 days of receiving a dose of BNT162b2 vaccine.
Inflammatory Arthritis Among Military Servicemen From a Rheumatology Center in Singapore
Authors: Chua Choon-Guan , Thong Bernard Yu-Hor
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common reasons military servicemen seek medical care during their line of duty. This study aims to review the clinical profile and outcomes of military personnel with inflammatory arthritis (IA) referred to a specialist rheumatology center in Singapore.

Materials and Methods

Consecutive new case referrals from the Singapore Armed Forces medical centers during the study period January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019, were retrospectively studied.

Results

There were 123 referrals, comprising 112 (91.1%) males, with the majority being Chinese (110, 89.4%). The mean age was 25.5 ± 11.1 years. The most common diagnoses were gout (including chronic tophaceous gout; 34, 27.6%), spondyloarthritis (18, 14.6%), palindromic rheumatism (8, 6.5%), rheumatoid arthritis (4, 3.3%), and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (4, 3.3%). Among servicemen with gout, all were male, the majority (31, 91.3%) were Chinese, and mean age was 34.1 ± 8.8 years. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.5 ± 3.9 kg/m2, of which 41.2% had moderate-risk and 47.1% high-risk BMI for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus (DM). Comorbidities included hyperlipidemia (14), hypertension (6), and type 2 DM (3). Urate lowering therapy was initiated in 27 (79.4%) patients, comprising allopurinol (85.2%), probenecid (11.1%), and their combination (3.7%). One patient developed allopurinol-induced hepatitis; none had severe cutaneous adverse reactions. Among the remaining patients with IA, conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) used were sulfasalazine (8), methotrexate (4), hydroxychloroquine (4), and leflunomide (2). Biologic DMARDs used in five patients comprised adalimumab (3) and golimumab (2).

Conclusion

Servicemen with IA and good functional status can still be physically fit and deployable into certain combat and service support vocations. This will optimize manpower resources in military organizations with a shrinking young workforce.