bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Makes Airbnb Experiences Enjoyable? The Effects of Environmental Stimuli on Perceived Enjoyment and Repurchase Intention
Authors: So Kevin Kam Fung , Kim Hyunsu , Oh Haemoon
Published: June 2020

While scholarly inquiry into Airbnb has experienced an exponential growth in the tourism literature, the role of the environmental stimuli of Airbnb experiences in creating consumer enjoyment is underexplored. Adopting the Mehrabian-Russell model, this study proposes a conceptual framework to investigate the linkages between three well-documented experiential attributes of Airbnb accommodations, perceived enjoyment, and repurchase intention. The results of two separate empirical studies with recent Airbnb users consistently show significant influences of authenticity and home benefits on perceived enjoyment, which subsequently drive repurchase intention, while social interaction was not found significant. The results of the model comparison and mediation analysis also converge across the two studies, providing strong support for the mediating role of perceived enjoyment as a mechanism that underlies the relationships between the environmental stimuli and repurchase intention. The findings provide important insights into what Airbnb attributes contribute to positive emotional responses and subsequently forming favorable behavioral consequences.
Time-varying H∞ filtering for discrete-time switched systems with admissible edge-dependent average dwell time
Authors: Xue Bingxin , Wang Ruihua , Fei Shumin
Published: June 2020

This paper addresses the [Formula: see text] filtering problem for a class of discrete-time switched systems by using an admissible edge-dependent average dwell time (AED-ADT) method. By means of a convex combination of positive definite matrices, a novel multiple piecewise convex Lyapunov function (MPCLF) is constructed, which can loosen the restrictions of Lyapunov function at switching points and interval interior points. Based on the MPCLF approach, sufficient conditions are established such that the filtering error system is globally uniformly exponentially stable (GUES) and a prescribed noise attenuation level in an [Formula: see text] sense is achieved. Moreover, the corresponding time-varying [Formula: see text] filters are given as well. Finally, the results of the simulation illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
The many blessings of abstraction: A commentary on Ambridge (2020)
Authors: Hartshorne Joshua K.
Published: June 2020

Ambridge argues that the existence of exemplar models for individual phenomena (words, inflection rules, etc.) suggests the feasibility of a unified, exemplars-everywhere model that eschews abstraction. The argument would be strengthened by a description of such a model. However, none is provided. I show that any attempt to do so would immediately run into significant difficulties – difficulties that illustrate the utility of abstractions. I conclude with a brief review of modern symbolic approaches that address the concerns Ambridge raises about abstractions.
Comparison of three probability distributions and techno-economic analysis of wind energy production along the coastal belt of Pakistan
Authors: Sumair Muhammad , Aized Tauseef , Gardezi Syed Asad Raza , Bhutta Muhammad Mahmood Aslam , Rehman Syed Muhammad Sohail , ur Rehman Syed Ubaid
Published: June 2020

Continuous probability distributions have long been used to model the wind data. No single distribution can be declared accurate for all locations. Therefore, a comparison of different distributions before actual wind resource assessment should be carried out. Current work focuses on the application of three probability distributions, i.e. Weibull, Rayleigh, and lognormal for wind resource estimation at six sites along the coastal belt of Pakistan. Four years’ (2015–2018) wind data measured each 60-minutes at 50 m height for six locations were collected from Pakistan Meteorological Department. Comparison of these distributions was done based on coefficient of determination ( R2), root mean square error, and mean absolute percentage deviation. Comparison showed that Weibull distribution is the most accurate followed by lognormal and Rayleigh, respectively. Wind power density ( PD) was evaluated and it was found that Karachi has the highest wind speed and PD as 5.82 m/s and 162.69 W/m2, respectively, while Jiwani has the lowest wind speed and PD as 4.62 m/s and 76.76 W/m2, respectively. Furthermore, feasibility of annual energy production (AEP) was determined using six turbines. It was found that Vestas V42 shows the worst performance while Bonus 1300/62 is the best with respect to annual energy production and Bonus 600/44 is the most economical. Finally, sensitivity analysis was carried out.
After Graduation
Authors: Hoyt Adelia M.
Published: June 2020

The story opens on a June afternoon as Mabel Forrester, a young blind girl, is traveling homeward from the State School for the Blind. She graduated with honors, and while she regrets leaving school and being separated from her friends, she is looking forward to a bright and hopeful future. When she is met at the station by her father and they drive to the farm which is their home, and where, since her mother's death, her aunt has been mistress; she is disappointed at the slight interest which her father manifests in her graduation and the discouraging way in which he speaks of her home life. It is no less disheartening when she talks with her aunt and sister, and she realizes that they have no confidence in her ability. She endeavors to help with the household duties, always against their wishes, but the climax is reached when she accidentally upsets a dishpan of water. After this she is not permitted to assist in any way. She wanders around aimlessly, becoming almost distracted at times because of her great disappointment. Finally, realizing that something must be done, she decides to write to Miss Lane, her former teacher, knowing that from her she will receive sympathy and assistance.

Miss Lane, to whom Mabel appeals for advice, responds instantly with a very helpful letter. She herself is blind, and so can enter fully into Mabel's difficulties and point the best way out of them. She advises Mabel, instead of despairing over being shut out of the household tasks, to set about finding little unobtrusive ways of helping without asking leave. Mabel acts upon this advice, and though there are many discouraging days, she perseveres, and in time she has the comfort of feeling that little sister Lizzie is finding in the blind sister the nearest approach to a mother's love that she has ever known. Out of this companionship comes one of Mabel's sweetest rewards, for little Lizzie falls into a delightful habit of reading aloud to Mabel, who is hungry for books. Next Mabel finds herself assisting her fifteen-year-old brother Rob with his lessons. Mary, the older sister, too, begins to find in Mabel a very sympathetic companion, and in her turn tries to share her little social pleasures with Mabel. Even the aunt begins to see that this niece is a help to her in many ways. Most of all, Mabel rejoices when her father shows an appreciation of her thoughtfulness toward him, and she feels that she has at last won the confidence and respect of all her family. Almost from the first of her home-coming it has been apparent to Mabel that it was only by strictest economy the father has been able to maintain his large family. Now comes Mabel's hardest trial. She sees Mary ready to help by teaching; Rob, at the close of school, is to work for a neighboring farmer. What can Mabel do to help ? She works and waits and hopes, and of course her opportunity arrives. She has but to act — and act she does.
What I Saw at the Circus
Authors: Sterner Ralph
Published: June 2020

What Ralph has written about as having seen represents his version of what his teachers and fellow pupils told him, supplemented by whatever he may have gathered from his attendance at the circus.—The Editor.
Trends and Issues in International Education Programs for Visually Handicapped Children
Authors: Spungin S. J.
Published: June 2020

Professionals who work with visually handicapped children face certain common problems throughout the world. This article summarizes some trends and issues in international education, including the move toward integrated education; the increase in advocacy; the need for prevention and early intervention programs, better data and definitions, and greater research that is pertinent to practitioners; and such problems as the overtraining of students and students’ lack of facility with braille.
Integration of Visually Impaired Students in an Irish Second–Level School
Authors: Rosney B.
Published: June 2020

At Rosmini Community School in Dublin, about 10 percent of the students, aged 12–18, are registered blind, and many have multiple handicaps. These students have been as fully integrated into regular classrooms as their abilities allow. Their successful social and academic integration is attributed to the flexibility of the staff and parents and the provision of appropriate resources to meet the students’ needs.
Integrated Education in India: Benefits and Problems
Authors: Fazelbhoy R.S.
Published: June 2020

The author presents historical review of specialized education for blind and visually impaired children in India and addresses particularly the issue of mainstreaming these students into integrated settings. Data and discussion of rural education projects and teacher training programs are outlined. Suggestions for further development for identifying and educating blind and visually impaired children conclude the paper.
Educating Blind and Visually Impaired Children in Western Australia
Authors: Douglas M.
Published: June 2020

The vastness of Western Australia presents special problems for the provision of equal education to blind and visually impaired children who are mainstreamed in schools throughout the state, especially those who are in underpopulated areas. This article describes the history of education of blind and visually impaired people in the state, culminating in the granting of integrated education in the 1970s and the subsequent effects of mainstreaming. It also discusses the special problems of itinerant teachers, who often travel hundreds of miles, by car, and airplane, to see one student.
A View of Education of Visually Impaired Persons in the Philippines
Authors: Esteras M.J.C.
Published: June 2020

From the viewpoint of a school administrator the author discusses programs and policies of special education in the Philippines, outlining the Bureau of Elementary Education's role in developing services to blind and visually impaired children.
A Study of Regular Education for Low Vision Children in a Chinese School for the Blind
Authors: Sun B.
Published: June 2020

The subjects of this study were 135 pupils of the Shanghai Blind Children's School. Congenital cataract led in the causes of blindness, optic atrophy came second, and microcornea and microphthalmus were third. Among the pupils 74 (54.8%) were totally blind, 56 (41.5%) were low-vision and 5 (371%) had vision of 0.3–0.4. A total of 83 pupils were considered to have usable residual vision for regular education with visual aids. Of the 83, 30 in 3 classes were followed up for two to four semesters, and teaching results were found to be good. None of the students’ conditions deteriorated during that period.
University Training in New Zealand: An Experience in Distance Education
Authors: LaGrow S.J.
Published: June 2020

This paper describes a graduate level training program for personnel in education and rehabilitation of blind and visually impaired people in New Zealand. Massey University diploma in Rehabilitation is a new program for those with practical experience and an existing degree or professional qualification in a related field. Candidates may take all of their work extramurally (i.e., by correspondence), except for those in mobility.
Perceptual Assessment in Low Vision: Evidence for a Hierarchy of Skills?
Authors: Overbury O. , Goodrich G.L. , Quillman R.D. , Faubert J.
Published: June 2020

This study examines the possible existence of a perceptual hierarchy which is systematically affected by the onset of adventitious visual impairment. Eighty people with partial vision were tested prior to beginning a visual skills training program. Four perceptual categories were examined. These included COPY/DRAW, TARGET MATCH, FIGURE-GROUND, and READING tasks. The results indicate that there is a demarcation of difficulty between the simpler and more complex levels of the hierarchy. Additionally, this crossover takes place at the figure-ground level, with the strongest relationships occurring between reading-related tasks such as letter and word searching as well as the reading of text and the individual's performance on figure-ground discrimination. The implications of these results in light of previous work in this area are discussed.
Braille—Implications for Living
Authors: Stephens O.
Published: June 2020

This article develops two contrasting themes: 1) the prime importance of braille as the only medium of literacy available to blind persons; and 2) the widely perceived de-emphasis of braille instruction in the United States. Attention is also directed to the importance of braille in contributing to the quality of life attainable by blind persons. Resolutions of the American Council of the Blind are summarized, indicating the position that removal of deficiencies in the quantity and quality of braille instruction should be given high priority.
Issues Related to Literacy of Legally Blind Learners
Authors: Rex E.J.
Published: June 2020

Literacy has become a national concern explored by television, newspapers, and magazines. Formerly considered to be mainly an educational issue, employers are now equally concerned. Indeed, the concern has spread beyond reading and writing literacy and now includes math, computer, and even cultural literacy. Thus, braille literacy has far-reaching implications for the education of visually handicapped children, for their eventual employment, and for their quality of life in general. This final article responds to the issues addressed by preceding articles and comments. It also addresses other issues, such as the delivery of services to blind and other visually handicapped children and the preparation of their teachers, which were not the focus of the other authors.
Professional Self-Esteem or the Evolution of a Profession
Authors: Lowenfeld B.
Published: June 2020

The author provides in his presentation an historical background of the important challenges that have successfully been met by professionals in the blindness field. He highlights new challenges—calling attention to generic placement and the need for trained professionals whose expertise will enhance the education of visually impaired and blind children.
Nonvisual Alternative Display Techniques for Output from Graphics-Based Computers
Authors: Vanderheiden G.C.
Published: June 2020

In the past, computer displays consisted mostly of unformatted text or simple row-column displays of information. This made providing access for persons who were blind a relatively straightforward task. As computers become more visually complex, however, new strategies are needed to augment the standard approaches to provide access. This article reviews the different types of information that are currently presented visually on computer systems and then discusses possible alternative display mechanisms for each that would be usable by blind persons. Some of the techniques described are commercially available; some exist as research prototypes; others, however, are still conceptual in nature. This article provides an overview and a summary of techniques identified as a result of the planning conference. The information present was compiled as a part of a state-of-the-art session, held in Madison, Wisconsin, on access to visual graphic computer interfaces by blind persons; the session was cosponsored by the Trace R&D Center, the Veterans Administration, the National Federation of the Blind, the American Foundation for the Blind, and Smith-Kettlewell Institute.
The Preschool Blind Child Can Be a Cane User
Authors: Pogrund R.L. , Rosen S.J.
Published: June 2020

Teaching blind, preschool-age children to use a long cane in travel is a relatively new concept in orientation and mobility. This article examines this issue and discusses potential advantages of early cane use, challenging traditional arguments against early introduction of the cane. Instructional considerations and optional strategies for teaching use of the cane to preschoolers are included.
Neurolinguistic Programming in Orientation and Mobility
Authors: Williams M.F. , Jacobson W.H.
Published: June 2020

Neurolinguistic programming is a communication model whose basic principles are that human beings process information through the five senses (representational systems), tend to favor one of the primary representational systems (visual, auditory, or kinesthetic) over others, and display how they are thinking in subtle ways. This article describes this model in detail and discusses how orientation and mobility instructors can implement it to teach congenitally totally blind students, who have access to only the auditory and kinesthetic primary systems, to use a cane or a dog guide more effectively.
Reliability and Validity of O&M Instructor Observations
Authors: Geruschat D.R. , De l'Aune W.
Published: June 2020

The development of a reliable and valid approach to the assessment of orientation and mobility skills has been difficult to attain. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of quantifying the observations of practicing orientation and mobility instructors in a naturalistic setting. Mobility clients currently enrolled in a rehabilitation center were asked to walk a residential/small business route at the beginning and end of their instructional program. The mobility staff was required to observe the clients’ travel skills and to record events in five critical areas. Results of this experiment suggest that orientation and mobility personnel can develop consistent observation strategies for use as an ongoing evaluation procedure.
Tests of Blind Pedestrians’ Use of Traffic Sounds for Street-crossing Alignment
Authors: Guth D.A. , Hill E.W. , Rieser J.J.
Published: June 2020

This article reports three experiments that assessed pedestrians’ ability to use traffic sounds to establish “alignment,” the initial trajectory of a street crossing. The subjects were well practiced blind adults and unpracticed sighted adults, the dependent variables were variable error and constant error, and the independent variables were the characteristics of traffic and the subjects’ visual experience. The findings document the usefulness of traffic sounds, but show that traffic sounds cannot be used to guarantee accurate alignment. The characteristics of traffic had similar effects on the precision of alignment (variable error) of the blind and sighted subjects, but differentially affected their directional bias (constant error). The implications of the findings for orientation and mobility instructors are discussed.
Structured Solicitation: A Standardized Method for Gaining Travel Information
Authors: LaGrow S.J. , Mulder L.
Published: June 2020

Travelers must be able to obtain locational information if they are to travel successfully to unfamiliar places. Three subjectives were asked to call a number of businesses to pinpoint their location. After establishing a baseline rate, the subjects were introduced to a structured solicitation procedure, which consisted of asking seven specific questions in a particular order. The completeness of information obtained increased dramatically with the use of this procedure.
Itinerant Orientation and Mobility in Public Schools
Authors: Bryan W.H.
Published: June 2020

Most visually impaired children receive their orientation and mobility instruction on an itinerant basis. Because of the distances their instructor must travel, many of these children receive instruction only once or twice a week and are cheated out of the consistent instruction they require. This article explores alternative ways of scheduling these students so they can receive the amount of consistent and high-quality instruction they need to become safe independent travelers.
Individual Variation in Tactile Map Reading Skills: Some Guidelines for Research
Authors: Hampson P. J. , Daly C. M.
Published: June 2020

A framework for studying individual variation in tactile map reading is offered and a set of research guidelines suggested. It is argued that the reading may be viewed as a many-leveled skill or set of skills, and that differences are best understood from an information processing rather than a psychometric perspective. Possible kinds of individual variation are distinguished, corresponding to differences in basic tactile abilities, amount of knowledge of the problem domain, different cognitive styles, and differences in affective factors. It is argued that the divergences must be related to a full task analysis.
Maximizing the Independence of Deaf-Blind Teenagers
Authors: Venn J.J. , Wadler F.
Published: June 2020

The goal of the Independent Living Project for Deaf/Blind Youth, described here, was to maximize the independence of teenagers who were multiply handicapped due to deafness, blindness, and mental retardation. The teenagers had been overprotected and sheltered in their previous environments. Their educational programs had emphasized one-on-one instruction and direct supervision so that few interaction skills or independent work skills were learned. The project included an independent living apartment in which a unique video monitoring system was used for indirect supervision. Skill areas of home management, personal management, social/ emotional skills, work skills, and communication skills were emphasized. The teenagers’ autonomy increased over the four and one-half years of the project. They learned many daily living and work skills they would not have learned in a more traditional program.
Spatial Concepts and Balance Performance: Motor Learning in Blind and Visually Impaired Children
Authors: Pereira L.M.
Published: June 2020

The present study addresses the main problems of blind and visually impaired children's education in relation to their motor-development problems and the ways that they can be solved. We have tried to identify factors that produce motor-development differences between them and normal children; define educational strategies that contribute best to their motor development; and investigate methodically the problem considered by Warren (1977)—the heterogeneity of blind and visually impaired children's samples—through design and multivariate analysis. We evaluated balance and spatial concepts using Leonard and Hill's test. We used a stimulative program and compared the blind and visually impaired children's performances to the visually normal children's performances.
The Validity and Clinical Uses of the Pepper Visual Skills for Reading Test
Authors: Watson G. , Baldasare J. , Whittaker S.
Published: June 2020

Macular degeneration is the most widespread untreatable cause of visual impairment. Since it is age-related, it is expected to increase as the mean age of the population increases. Many individuals with this impairment wish to develop or retain reading ability, which is inhibited by the resulting central scotomas, or blind spots. The Pepper Visual Skills for Reading Test has been developed to evaluate the visual skills used in reading under these circumstances. Previously shown to be highly reliable, the Pepper VSRT is also shown to be highly valid when compared to a standardized oral reading evaluation. It can be adapted to a wide variety of clinical applications.
Tactual Environmental Interpretation: A Multisensory Approach
Authors: Nichols D.R.
Published: June 2020

Natural history facts and concepts were presented to multiaged and experienced individuals through tactual and/or visual interpretive stations along a nature trail. Individuals were tested to indicate knowledge retention after the trail experience. Visual, tactual, and visual/tactual approaches proved to be equally effective treatments in most cases. Results indicate that tactual components to outdoor educational/recreational opportunities can provide enhanced learning experiences for impaired individuals and therefore might be provided as a normalized interpretive trail-design element.
Navigating the Use of Microcredentials
Authors: Hunt Tiffany , Carter Richard , Yang Sohyun , Zhang Ling , Williams Mia
Published: June 2020

Given the complex roles of special educators, it is important that they be offered tailored professional development (PD) opportunities. Unfortunately, most PD tends to occur in “sit-and-get” formats, with generalized content that may or may not meet the needs of attendees. Districts are starting to investigate the use of microcredentials (MCs) to innovate PD and harness technology to personalize experiences. MCs are digital PD focused on the mastery of competency-based skills. With a variety of topics, formats, and platforms available, educators would benefit from guidance on how to navigate MCs. In this article, we examine the historical context of PD and the gaps traditional PD may create for educators, particularly special educators. We explore the attributes and personalization of MCs and paint a step-by-step picture of how an interested educator might engage in the MC process, from selecting a topic to earning the MC and reflecting on the experience.
Coextensive space: virtual reality and the developing relationship between the body, the digital and physical space
Authors: Saker Michael , Frith Jordan
Published: June 2020

Virtual Reality (VR) has traditionally required external sensors placed around a designated play space. In contrast, more recent wired and wireless systems, such as the Oculus Rift S (released in March 2019) and the Oculus Quest (released in May 2019) use cameras located on the outside of these devices to monitor their physical position. Users can now mark out a physical space that is then digitally tracked within their display. Once a play space has been established, users are alerted if they come close to breaching this boundary by the visual inclusion of a grid. Should this threshold be breached, the headset display shifts to an image of the surrounding concrete environment. We contend that physical space is increasingly being incorporated into the digital space of VR in a manner that meaningfully differs from older systems. We build our argument in the following way. First, the article explores how theories surrounding VR have implicated only a limited relationship with physical space. Second, the article introduces the concept of coextensive space as a way of understanding the developing relationship between the physical, digital and concrete reality enacted by current VR systems.
Firm Attributes, Corporate Fundamentals and Investment Strategies: An Empirical Study for Indian Stock Market
Authors: Agrawal Tarunika Jain , Sehgal Sanjay , Vasishth Vibhuti
Published: June 2020

We combine corporate attributes and fundamental factors for evolving different investment strategies using data from 200 companies listed in the National Stock Exchange (NSE) from 2005 to 2018. The results indicate the existence of equity market anomalies based on size, volume, earnings, cash flow variability, asset growth, price momentum, price-to-book ratio and profitability. The performance of trading strategies is sensitive to portfolio construction procedure, that is, forming 5/10/20 portfolios. Bivariate strategies generally perform better than univariate strategies in the Indian context. On an overall basis, the size-based strategy performs best with a mean excess return of 3.63 per cent per month. We further find that corporate fundamentals such as profitability, operating efficiency, liquidity, solvency, innovation and entry barriers help in filtering poor future performers that may have been recommended by attributes-based strategy. Our filtered portfolios based on firm attributes and corporate fundamentals outperform unfiltered portfolios, and their returns are not explained by multi-factor performance benchmarks.
mRNA expression of ageing-associated genes in calorie reduction is subject to donor variability and can be induced by calorie restriction mimetics
Authors: Matt Katja , Hochecker Barbara , Schöller-Mann Alica , Bergemann Jörg
Published: June 2020

Background:

Finding ways to a healthier ageing are increasingly becoming the focus of geriatric research. One way to accomplish this could be calorie restriction, as this is known to positively influence the ageing of model organisms.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of calorie reduction (F. X. Mayr therapy) and of the calorie restriction mimetics resveratrol and spermidine on the expression of ageing-associated genes.

Methods:

mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 18 participants taking part in an F. X. Mayr therapy was analysed. The PBMCs of one additional participant were treated ex vivo with spermidine or resveratrol. mRNA expression of SIRT1, SIRT3, FOXO3 and SOD2 was determined for these two calorie restriction mimetics. For the F. X. Mayr therapy samples, mRNA of XPA was analysed additionally.

Results:

mRNA expression of the ageing-associated genes showed a distinct donor variation during F. X. Mayr therapy, with a significant increase in mRNA expression of SIRT1. Expression of XPA was similar to SIRT1, with a significant correlation at the last time point tested. Spermidine treatment of PBMCs resulted in a significantly increased expression of all genes tested, whereas resveratrol treatment caused a significant increase of SIRT3, FOXO3 and SOD2 mRNA expression.

Conclusions:

By increasing SIRT1 and XPA mRNA expression, calorie reduction in the form of F. X. Mayr therapy could contribute to a healthier ageing; however, the donor variability observed showed that not everyone benefited from this. Calorie restriction mimetics may be an option for promote healthier ageing for those who do not benefit from calorie reduction.
The Twofold Role of a Minority Language in Historical Trauma: The Case of Lemko Minority in Poland
Authors: Skrodzka Magdalena , Hansen Karolina , Olko Justyna , Bilewicz Michał
Published: June 2020

Tragic collective events bring about long-term consequences for affected groups. These effects not only affect the immediate victims of trauma, but can also influence subsequent generations. In the present research, we examined the effects of minority language use on historical trauma. In a study of 237 Lemko participants, members of a severely victimized ethnic minority in Poland, we tested the effects of cognitive availability of historical trauma on three categories of trauma-related symptoms: emotional, behavioral, and depressive. The study found that minority language use is positively related to cognitive availability of trauma, but it also limits the effects of such availability on trauma-related symptoms. Based on this finding, we discuss the potential of minority language use to act as a social cure protecting from the negative psychological consequences of historical trauma.
Chinese adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment: The contribution of mothers’ attachment style and adolescents’ attachment to mother
Authors: Li Jian-Bin , Guo Yi-Jia , Delvecchio Elisa , Mazzeschi Claudia
Published: June 2020

Drawing on attachment theory, this study examined the associations among mothers’ self-report attachment styles (i.e., anxiety and avoidance), adolescents’ attachment to mother, and adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment (i.e., psychological difficulties, prosocial behavior, and self-control) in 425 Chinese mother–adolescent dyads. The results of path analysis based on the total sample showed that adolescents’ attachment to mother mediated the association between mothers’ avoidant, but not anxious, attachment style and adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment. Moreover, the results based on multigroup comparison suggested that while adolescents’ attachment to mother significantly mediated the “avoidant attachment–psychosocial adjustment” link for both early and middle adolescents, it significantly mediated the “anxious attachment–psychosocial adjustment” link only for middle adolescents. In addition, the association between mothers’ anxious attachment and adolescents’ attachment to mother was larger for middle than for early adolescents, while the association between adolescents’ attachment to mother and self-control was larger for early than for middle adolescents. These findings implicate the importance of mothers’ and adolescents’ secure attachment to positive youth development.
Which words do English non-native speakers know? New supernational levels based on yes/no decision
Authors: Brysbaert Marc , Keuleers Emmanuel , Mandera Paweł
Published: June 2020

To have more information about the English words known by second language (L2) speakers, we ran a large-scale crowdsourcing vocabulary test, which yielded 17 million useful responses. It provided us with a list of 445 words known to nearly all participants. The list was compared to various existing lists of words advised to include in the first stages of English L2 teaching. The data also provided us with a ranking of 61,000 words in terms of degree and speed of word recognition in English L2 speakers, which correlated r = .85 with a similar ranking based on native English speakers. The L2 speakers in our study were relatively better at academic words (which are often cognates in their mother tongue) and words related to experiences English L2 students are likely to have. They were worse at words related to childhood and family life. Finally, a new list of 20 levels of 1,000 word families is presented, which will be of use to English L2 teachers, as the levels represent the order in which English vocabulary seems to be acquired by L2 learners across the world.
Perceptions of justice and victims of crimes against humanity in Guinea
Authors: Balde Rouguiatou , Wemmers Jo-Anne
Published: June 2020

Crimes against humanity in Guinea have caused many thousands of deaths, the exile of countless individuals, and the rape of hundreds of women. Since its independence in 1958, Guinea has been ruled by various authoritarian regimes and experienced periods of grave violence, most notably from 1958 to 1984, under the rule of Sékou Touré and, more recently, in 2009, under the rule of Moussa Dadis Camara. While some effort has been made to address these crimes, victims continue to demand justice. This raises the question: what does justice mean for victims of crimes against humanity in Guinea? In this paper, we examine the meaning of justice for 31 Guinean victims of crimes against humanity. Using justice theory as a framework, we examine the perceptions and experiences of these victims regarding justice to promote reconciliation and lasting peace.
Youth Internalizing Problems and Changes in Parent–Child Relationships Across Early Adolescence: Lability and Developmental Trends
Authors: Lippold Melissa A. , Hussong Andrea , Fosco Gregory , Ram Nilam
Published: June 2020

Few longitudinal studies examine how changes in parent–child relationships are associated with changes in youth internalizing problems. In this longitudinal study, we investigated how developmental trends (linear change) and year-to-year lability (within-person fluctuations) in parental warmth and hostility across Grades 6 to 8 predict youth internalizing problems in Grade 9 ( N = 618) and whether these linkages differ for boys and girls. Developmental trends (greater decreases in warmth and increases in hostility) were associated with more youth internalizing problems. Greater year-to-year lability (more fluctuations) in father hostility and warmth were also associated with more internalizing problems. Greater lability in mother warmth was associated with more internalizing problems for girls only. The strongest effects of lability on internalizing problems were found for youth with the highest lability scores. This study underscores the importance of differentiating developmental trends from lability in parent–child relationships, both of which may be important for youth internalizing problems.
Manipulating deformable objects by interleaving prediction, planning, and control
Authors: McConachie Dale , Dobson Andrew , Ruan Mengyao , Berenson Dmitry
Published: June 2020

We present a framework for deformable object manipulation that interleaves planning and control, enabling complex manipulation tasks without relying on high-fidelity modeling or simulation. The key question we address is when should we use planning and when should we use control to achieve the task? Planners are designed to find paths through complex configuration spaces, but for highly underactuated systems, such as deformable objects, achieving a specific configuration is very difficult even with high-fidelity models. Conversely, controllers can be designed to achieve specific configurations, but they can be trapped in undesirable local minima owing to obstacles. Our approach consists of three components: (1) a global motion planner to generate gross motion of the deformable object; (2) a local controller for refinement of the configuration of the deformable object; and (3) a novel deadlock prediction algorithm to determine when to use planning versus control. By separating planning from control we are able to use different representations of the deformable object, reducing overall complexity and enabling efficient computation of motion. We provide a detailed proof of probabilistic completeness for our planner, which is valid despite the fact that our system is underactuated and we do not have a steering function. We then demonstrate that our framework is able to successfully perform several manipulation tasks with rope and cloth in simulation, which cannot be performed using either our controller or planner alone. These experiments suggest that our planner can generate paths efficiently, taking under a second on average to find a feasible path in three out of four scenarios. We also show that our framework is effective on a 16-degree-of-freedom physical robot, where reachability and dual-arm constraints make the planning more difficult.
FDG PET correlates weakly with HIF-1α expression in solid tumors: a meta-analysis
Authors: Surov Alexey , Schmidt Stefan A , Prasad Vikas , Beer Ambros J , Wienke Andreas
Published: June 2020

Background

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α plays a key role in hypoxic adaptation of tumor cells. Overexpression of HIF-1α is associated with tumor aggressiveness and worse prognosis in several malignancies. Presumably, expression of HIF-1a may be reflected by positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2 [fluorine-18] fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG PET). There are inconsistent data about relationships between FDG PET and HIF-1α.

Purpose

To provide evident data about associations between maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and HIF-1α expression in solid tumors.

Material and Methods

MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases were screened for relationships between SUV and HIF-1α up to August 2019. Overall, 21 studies with 1154 patients were identified. The following data were extracted from the literature: authors; year of publication; number of patients; and correlation coefficients.

Results

Correlation coefficients between SUVmax and HIF-1α were in the range of −0.51–0.71. The pooled correlation coefficient was 0.27 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.14–0.41). Furthermore, correlation coefficients for some tumor entities were calculated. For this sub-analysis, data for primary tumors with >2 reports were included. The calculated correlation coefficients in the analyzed subgroups were as follows: head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: ρ = 0.25 (95% CI = 0.07–0.42); non-small lung cell cancer: ρ = 0.27 (95% CI = −0.14–0.67); uterine cervical cancer: ρ = −0.09 (95% CI = −0.89–0.71); thymic tumors: ρ = 0.39 (95% CI = 0.04–0.58).

Conclusion

SUVmax of FDG PET correlated weakly with expression of HIF-1α both in overall sample and tumor subgroups. Therefore, FDG PET cannot be used for prediction of hypoxia in clinical practice.
Confidence Forced-Choice and Other Metaperceptual Tasks*
Authors: Mamassian Pascal
Published: June 2020

Metaperception is the self-monitoring and self-control of one’s own perception. Perceptual confidence is the prototypical example of metaperception. Perceptual confidence refers to the ability to judge whether a perceptual decision is correct. We argue that metaperception is not limited to confidence but includes other judgments such as the estimation of familiarity and the aesthetic experience of sensory events. Perceptual confidence has recently received a surge of interests due in particular to the design of careful psychophysical experiments and powerful computational models. In psychophysics, the use of confidence ratings is the dominant methodology, but other paradigms are available, including the confidence forced choice. In this latter paradigm, participants are presented with two stimuli, make perceptual decisions about these stimuli, and then choose which decision is more likely to be correct. One benefit of confidence forced choice is that it disregards confidence biases to focus on confidence sensitivity. Confidence forced choice might also be a paradigm that will allow us to establish whether confidence is estimated serially or in parallel to the perceptual decision.
Being Short, Sweet, and Sour: Congruent Visuo-Olfactory Stimulation Enhances Illusory Embodiment
Authors: Roel Lesur Marte , Aicher Helena , Delplanque Sylvain , Lenggenhager Bigna
Published: June 2020

Bodily self-identification has shown to be easily altered through spatiotemporally congruent multimodal signals. While such manipulations are mostly studied through visuo-tactile or visuo-motor stimulation, here we investigated whether congruent visuo-olfactory cues might enhance illusory self-identification with an arbitrary object. Using virtual reality, healthy individuals saw a grapefruit from its supposed first-person perspective that was touched in synchrony with their own body. The touch attempted to replicate what was seen as softly squeezing the grapefruit. Crucially, when we additionally presented the smell of a grapefruit in synchrony with the squeezing, they self-identified stronger with the fruit than when they smelled strawberry.
Curating knowledge, creating change:: University Knowledge Center, Kosovo national transition
Authors: Somerville Mary M. , Mirjamdotter Anita , Harjizi Edmond , Sayyad-Abdi Elham , Gibney Michele , Bruce Christine , Stoodley Ian
Published: June 2020

A collaborative system design initiative at the University for Business and Technology in Kosovo aims to make local knowledge visible and to enhance local knowledge creation, within the university and throughout the country. Since its inception in 2015, design activities aimed to activate systems through modeling the global knowledge landscape, technology enabled systems, and human activity processes. Within the framework of Informed Systems, application of Informed Learning Theory and Information Experience Design (IXD) guided prototyping systems that informed building an institutional repository named the UBT Knowledge Center. The knowledge vision anticipates that sustained curation, organization, discovery, access, and usage processes will accelerate academic engagement, national development, and global visibility, over time and with practice to further theory-to-practice and practice-to-theory.
Refining information literacy practice:: Examining the foundations of information literacy theory
Authors: Flierl Michael , Maybee Clarence
Published: June 2020

There are many ways for an academic librarian to contribute to the teaching and learning mission of an institution ranging from direct instruction to assignment design. Given this plethora of information literacy educational practices, what should academic librarians and educators focus time, labor, and resources on, and why should they do so? With an eye towards improving information literacy educational practice and addressing these fundamental questions, we examine the foundational philosophical commitments of two information literacy theories, Critical Information Literacy and Informed Learning. We find that these information literacy theories may be biased towards a 20th-century European worldview. This finding supports the idea that “good” IL educational practice in higher education requires active engagement with information literacy theory to justify what one does as an educator and to demonstrate why information literacy can be integral to learning in higher education.
Identifying Pedestrian Crash Contributing Factors using Association Analysis and Their Implications for Development of Active Pedestrian Safety System
Authors: Yue Lishengsa , Abdel-Aty Mohamed , Wu Yina , Hasan Samiul , Zheng Ou
Published: June 2020

An active pedestrian safety system (APSS) would be more effective by considering the implications of crash contributing factors. In addition, the APSS needs to be tested and evaluated in the field; therefore, a comprehensive scenario library is necessary. In this study, 135 pedestrian crash reports were investigated. The driving reliability and error analysis method was first applied to identify the contributing factors that can be potentially solved by the APSS function; then, the association rules method was adopted to analyze the joint effect of contributing factors and roadway facility features on injury/fatal pedestrian crashes. The results showed that “inattention,”“failure intention prediction,”“reduced visibility,” and “temporary/permanent obstruction of view” were the first four most frequent contributing factors. Moreover, injury/fatal pedestrian crashes resulting from “failure intention prediction” and “temporary/permanent obstruction of view” were more likely to occur at a location with more than three lanes, a curb shoulder, and a posted speed limit of 40–45 mph. Further, based on the crash contributing factors, the APSS’s functional design is suggested to provide conflict-time-based warning information, pedestrian movement prediction, and detection and tracking of moving objects behind the obstruction. The APSS’s sensing ability is required to detect the vehicle’s nearby area and to be adaptive to poor lighting conditions. Finally, a scenario library was proposed for field testing/evaluation of the APSS. The scenario library has 10 sub-scenarios with detailed object configurations as well as required testing/evaluation items for the APSS. This study’s findings would be helpful for automobile manufacturers to improve the APSS.