bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA PERSPECTIVA CTSA PARA A FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PEDAGOGOS(AS) PARA O ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS DA NATUREZA
Authors: Akauê Basili E. Lima  , Jenner Barretto Bastos Filho  , Carolina Nozella Gama
Published: May 2023

A partir da convergência de ideias de autores que defendem, avidamente, a necessidade de se repensar as relações estabelecidas entre o ensino de Ciências e o contexto sociopolítico econômico, no qual se inserem, invariavelmente, os sujeitos participantes do processo educativo, este artigo apresenta seu objetivo, o qual seja abordar, à luz da Pedagogia Libertadora, algumas contribuições da perspectiva CTSA para o processo de formação continuada de pedagogos(as). Para tanto, aborda conceitos fundamentais dessa perspectiva e aponta para sua necessária aproximação com a prática docente, lançando mão de autores como Chrispino (2017), Costa de Lucena (2019), Freire (1996), Martins (2020) e Teixeira (2003). Tais contribuições apontam para a necessidade de que a formação continuada de pedagogos considere as relações entre Ciência, Tecnologia, Sociedade e Ambiente, compreendendo os fenômenos da natureza em seu processo de permanência e mudança, gênese e desenvolvimento, enquanto produção humana na relação de transformação da natureza.
A REDE DO TEMPO DE HENRIETTA LEAVITT E A RELAÇÃO PERÍODO-LUMINOSIDADE: SEQUÊNCIA DIDÁTICA SOBRE CONSTRUÇÃO DA CIÊNCIA
Authors: Bárbara de Almeida Silvério  , Camila Maria Sitko  , Silvia F. de Mendonça Figueirôa
Published: May 2023

A utilização da História e Filosofia da Ciência no Ensino de Ciências e, principalmente, na formação de licenciandos que ensinarão Ciências permite o desenvolvimento crítico acerca da construção e da Natureza da Ciência, reduzindo a possibilidade de visões deformadas do fazer científico. Tendo isso em vista, este trabalho tem como objetivo propor uma sequência didática em que se discute o estabelecimento da Relação Período-Luminosidade (RPL) e como sua idealizadora, Henrietta Leavitt, aparece ao longo da história da Astronomia. Henrietta Leavitt foi uma mulher que trabalhou como calculadora no Observatório Astronômico da Universidade de Harvard entre o final de 1800 e o início do século XX. Nesta função, ela chegou à RPL, em 1912. Vários astrônomos utilizaram-se desse conceito em diversos estudos em Astronomia. O aprimoramento da RPL permitiu que fosse estimado o tamanho do Universo e que este está em expansão. Considerando as relações sociais existentes nesse episódio histórico, a sequência didática teve como base a teoria epistemológica feminista de Londa Schienbinger e a Teoria Ator-Rede de Bruno Latour.
OS CONTEÚDOS DE ASTRONOMIA NA BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DAS MODALIDADES CURRICULARES
Authors: Elizandra Daneize dos Santos  , Thayná Cristina Dias e Dias  , Gleyson Miranda de Souza  , Rodolfo Langhi
Published: May 2023

Ao considerar os objetos do conhecimento de Astronomia e as habilidades que estão propostas para os alunos dos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental na Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), este texto compõe uma análise na perspectiva das modalidades curriculares de Pozo e Crespo (2009). O objetivo proposto é analisar as habilidades que tal documento pressupõe para ensinar Astronomia nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental e a sua relação com tais modalidades. Apresentamos uma investigação de caráter qualitativo, a metodologia para a coleta e tratamento de dados é a análise documental. Os resultados destacam que os objetos de conhecimento e habilidades elencadas na BNCC referentes à Astronomia, apresentam parcialmente algumas relações de proximidade entre as abordagens feitas pelos autores referenciados e a proposta curricular em análise, em relação aos conteúdos conceituais e procedimentais, além de distanciamento quanto aos conteúdos atitudinais, que não aparecem durante a exposição dos conteúdos. Concluímos também que as propostas curriculares devem apresentar modalidades de ensino que permitam formas de aprender e ensinar, objetivando a consolidação da construção do conhecimento na área de Ciências e dos temas de Astronomia.
A RELAÇÃO SOCIEDADE - NATUREZA A PARTIR DA PEDAGOGIA WALDORF
Authors: Josiene de Carvalho Santana  , Joelma Carvalho Vilar
Published: May 2023

Este trabalho se constitui de um recorte da pesquisa de Mestrado em andamento, que tem sua centralidade na relação sociedade – natureza à luz da Pedagogia Waldorf (PW). O artigo tem o objetivo de identificar como os princípios e fundamentos educacionais da PW concebem a relação sociedade-natureza. Por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, refletiu-se que a PW é uma teoria de currículo de base antroposófica que concebe o ser humano como uma unidade harmônica físico-anímico-espiritual, com parâmetros de uma ecologia profunda, seus princípios e fundamentos associam habilidades corporais, cognitivas e emocionais, onde a relação sociedade-natureza é construída diariamente.
A BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA: TEMA ESTRUTURANTE NA PESQUISA-AÇÃO COLABORATIVA COM PROFESSORES
Authors: Flávio Renato Marqueti Polo  , Vânia Galindo Massabni
Published: May 2023

O trabalho colaborativo desafia os professores a se envolverem em um processo de pensar conjuntamente propostas e modos de atuação, favorecendo a formação de professores no interior da escola. Por sua vez, a abordagem de problemas ambientais na escola e, entre eles, os que impactam as bacias hidrográficas, deve visar a interdisciplinaridade no currículo. O objetivo foi, por meio de uma pesquisa-ação colaborativa, realizar a formação continuada de professores no tema bacia hidrográfica e meio ambiente dentro de uma escola. Participaram 5 professores. Avaliou-se a possibilidade de tornar a bacia hidrográfica um tema estruturante, embasando a prática em 5 diferentes disciplinas, além da Geografia. Os professores, ao participarem do ciclo da pesquisa-ação em reuniões com planejamento de aulas, questionários e entrevistas, indicaram a atividade prática na visita e as trocas de conhecimento como fundamentais para tornar a bacia tema estruturante. O processo foi registrado em Webquest para apoiar outras escolas.
X-Rays Diffraction Study of InGaN/GaN Heterostructures Grown by MOCVD Technique at Different Temperatures
Authors: Tan Aik Kwan , Hamzah Nur Atiqah , Ng Sha Shiong
Published: May 2023

Indium gallium nitride / gallium nitride (InGaN/GaN) heterostructures were grown by using metal organic vapor deposition technique with four different growth temperatures (740 °C, 760 °C, 780 °C, and 800 °C). The structural properties and crystalline quality were investigated using high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) technique. XRD ω-2θ scan mode at GaN (002) diffraction plane was performed to assess the film’s quality. Through the simulation fitting, the indium composition and the thickness of the thin films were obtained. From the observation, an increase in the growth temperature resulted in higher intensity and smaller full-width at half maximum value of the InGaN (002) diffraction peak, which indicated improvement to the crystalline quality of the InGaN/GaN heterostructure. Moreover, the indium composition of the InGaN epilayer was found to decrease with an increase of the growth temperature due to the thermal decomposition of In-N bond and its re-evaporation from the growing surfaces.
Comparison of the Electrical Performance of AlN and HfO2 Passivation Layer in AlGaN/GaN HEMT
Authors: Zulkifli Zikri , Ali Norshamsuri , Falina Shaili , Kawarada Hiroshi , Packeer Mohamed Mohamed Fauzi , Syamsul Mohd
Published: May 2023

Different material thickness with medium and high dielectric constant can impact the performance and reliability of high electron mobility transistor device. With varying the thickness of the passivation layer, the effect of it towards the device performance is still unclear. Two different insulator layers with a medium dielectric and a high dielectric constant namely Aluminium Nitride and Hafnium Oxide are used as passivation layer in AlGaN/GaN HEMT. Both material performance was simulated via COMSOL software by varying the thickness and the drain current output were compared. The passivation layer thickness of 10nm at Vds=6 V and Vgs=5 V, HfO2 outperforms AlN with the output drain current of 39 mA compared to 35 mA respectively. It was observed that HfO2 can attain higher threshold voltage, Vth as compared to the AlN because of the influence of its material properties that shows a direct proportional relationship between Vth and dielectric constant. Using high dielectric constant material like HfO2, we observe the ON-voltage gradually decreases as the thickness of the passivation layer increased. Out of all the thickness simulated for HfO2 and AlN, 10nm produced the highest drain current output instead of layer thickness of 20nm.
Effect of Mn Incorporated into LiNbO3 Crystal Structure on the Electronic and Optical Properties Using First-Principles Study
Authors: Zainuddin Lili Widarti , Samat Mohd Hazrie , Badrudin Fadhlul Wafi , Hassan Oskar Hasdinor , Taib Mohamad Fariz Mohamad
Published: May 2023

The structural, electronic and optical properties of lithium niobate (LiNbO3) and manganese (Mn)-doped LiNbO3 are investigated using a first-principles study. The first-principles calculation in this work is implemented using CASTEP computer code with GGA-PBE correlation. The band structure and density of states are calculated to analyze the effect of Mn doping on the electronic properties of LiNbO3. Hubbard U correction is applied to Nb 4d state with U= 11 eV and the corrected band gap obtained is 3.771 eV. LiNbO3 doped with Mn shows a reduction in the band gap energy which is 1.9889 eV. The dielectric constant and refractive index of LiNbO3 and Mn-doped LiNbO3 are also calculated. The optical absorption results suggest there is a shift in the absorption edge towards the visible region in comparison with the LiNbO3. The improvement in band gap and optical absorption in Mn-doped LiNbO3 making it a promising material for photovoltaic and photocatalysis applications.
Nanomanipulation of Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles on GaN
Authors: Che Seliman M.A. , Ali Yusup N.A. , Ahmad Mohd Anas , Ibau C. , Nuzaihan Mohammad , Kawarada Hiroshi , Hassan Zainuriah , Packeer Mohamed Mohamed Fauzi , Falina Shaili , Syamsul Mohd
Published: May 2023

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is known for its high surface area to volume ratio which acts as an excellent receptor when placed in between electrodes in sensors application. Microelectrodes which are bar and needle shape pointed ends with two arrangements; comb and castle wall configurations were designed to be used for fabrication of electrodes to observe the relation between geometry of electrodes and dielectrophoretic of AuNPs on p-gallium nitride (GaN) substrates. The dielectrophoretic behaviour and electrical properties were analysed before and after the drop cast of AuNPs using current-voltage (I-V) curve method with manual probing. Resistance values of each sample were calculated under reverse bias condition. The effect of design on the nanomanipulation of AuNPs will be discussed.
Alkaline Activation of Ferrous Foundry Sand: A Look at the Effect of Activator Concentration, Liquid-Solid Ratio and Curing Temperature
Authors: Sithole Thandiwe
Published: May 2023

In this study, ferrous foundry slag was used as a precursor for the synthesis of a geopolymer. The effect of NaOH concentration, liquid solid ratio (L/S), and curing temperature on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the synthesized geopolymer was investigated. The optimum concentration was found to be 15 M as it yielded a geopolymer brick with the highest UCS of 8.2 MPa. It was observed that as the concentration of NaOH increases the dissolution of alumina, calcium and silica increases resulting in higher UCS. The SEM results showed zeolite formation in large quantities at 15 M which shows that the geopolymerization reaction was near completion and the calcium, alumina and silicates dissolved in large quantities leading to increased gelling of C-S-H and C-A-H over time filling more pores inside the geopolymer brick. The liquid to the solid ratio that gave the highest UCS of 8.2 MPa was 0.15. The optimum temperature was found to be 80 °C. This increased temperature favoured the dissolution of reactive species and contributed to higher UCS. The results reveal that ferrous foundry sand geopolymers have the potential to be used as a building and construction material.
Nursing Care of Patient With Tracheostomy Tube Cuff Rupture Caused by Tracheal Polyp: A Case Report
Authors: Feifei Ye , Junhai Zhen , Xiaoxiao Guan
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Tracheostomy is common in patients with critical illness. Mechanical ventilation requires the airway to be closed by an inflated tracheostomy tube cuff. Tracheostomy tube cuff rupture is a serious complication of airway management. This case study summarizes the nursing care of a patient who received prolonged mechanical ventilation and had recurrent tracheostomy tube cuff ruptures caused by a tracheal polyp.

Clinical Findings and Diagnosis

An 81-year-old woman was admitted because of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The patient had undergone percutaneous tracheostomy 3 years earlier because of difficulty in weaning from the ventilator and had recurrent lung infections that led to respiratory failure. A tracheal polyp was identified as the cause of multiple tracheostomy tube cuff ruptures.

Outcomes

After the tracheal polyp was removed with bronchofiberscope guidance, the patient remained hospitalized because of difficulty in ventilator weaning but had no further tracheostomy tube cuff ruptures.

Conclusion

Tracheal polyps that cause tracheostomy tube cuff ruptures are rare, but nurses should be alert to their occurrence. If a tube cuff ruptures in a patient receiving long-term mechanical ventilation, bronchoscopy should be performed as soon as possible to allow for early identification of the cause and ensure patient safety.
Mesozoic event-stratigraphy of the Scotian Margin, offshore Nova Scotia: preliminary palynological results from the Upper Member of the Missisauga Formation in Panuke B-90
Authors: Correia V , Fensome R A , MacRae R A , Dafoe L T , Williams G L
Published: May 2023

Conceived as a continuation of the previous multidisciplinary event stratigraphy studies of the Late Cretaceous to Neogene of the Scotian Margin in the 2000s, the "Mesozoic eventstratigraphy of the Scotian Margin" project proposes a similar study for the Late
Triassic to Early Cretaceous interval. The first stage of this project comprises a detailed multidisciplinary study of the composite Lower Cretaceous section from Panuke B-90 and Cohasset A-52 conventional cores. The present work reports initial palynologic data from the formal Upper Member of the
Missisauga Formation in Panuke B-90. These data, combined with preliminary insights from sedimentary facies, macrofossil, and trace fossil analyses, suggest that from the base of the studied section upwards involves a transition from a neritic/shelfal to a mainly estuarine-brackish setting. This was
followed by a transgressive cycle through the Upper Member of the Missisauga Formation, which culminated in a return of more fully marine environments near the base of the overlying Naskapi Member of the Logan Canyon Formation. It is apparent that this transgression is not continuous, but
intercalated with smaller cycles, well documented by the fluctuations in dominance between terrestrial (pollen and spore abundance) versus marine (mainly dinoflagellate-cyst abundance and richness) palynomorph trends through this succession, presented here in three main intervals. The
dinoflagellate-cyst assemblages and key bioevents recorded in this initial study indicate a Barremian age for the Upper Member of the Missisauga Formation in Panuke B-90. The overlying Naskapi Member is expected to be of early Aptian age based on previous reports of the presence of the
age-diagnostic ammonite Deshayesites sp. Ongoing work on the conventional cores from Panuke B-90, and subsequently Cohasset A-52 and other wells, will contribute to a comprehensive Mesozoic event-stratigraphic framework for the Scotian Margin.
The effect of mutation on neurotoxicity reduction of new chimeric reteplase, a computational study
Authors: Mohammadi pour Pardis , Mahnam Karim , Taherzadeh Mahsa , Ahangarzadeh Shahrzad , Alibakhshi Abbas , Mohammadi Elmira
Published: June 2023

Background and purpose:

Excitotoxicity in nerve cells is a type of neurotoxicity in which excessive stimulation of receptors (such as N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDAR)) leads to the influx of high-level calcium ions into cells and finally cell damage or death. This complication can occur after taking some of the plasminogen activators like tissue plasminogen activator and reteplase. The interaction of the kringle2 domain in such plasminogen activator with the amino-terminal domain (ATD) of the NR1 subunit of NMDAR finally leads to excitotoxicity. In this study, we assessed the interaction of two new chimeric reteplase, mutated in the kringle2 domain, with ATD and compared the interaction of wild-type reteplase with ATD, computationally.

Experimental approach:

Homology modeling, protein docking, molecular dynamic simulation, and molecular dynamics trajectory analysis were used for the assessment of this interaction.

Findings/Results:

The results of the free energy analysis between reteplase and ATD (wild reteplase: -2127.516 ± 0.0, M1-chr: -1761.510 ± 0.0, M2-chr: -521.908 ± 0.0) showed lower interaction of this chimeric reteplase with ATD compared to the wild type.

Conclusion and implications:

The decreased interaction between two chimeric reteplase and ATD of NR1 subunit in NMDAR which leads to lower neurotoxicity related to these drugs, can be the start of a way to conduct more tests and if the results confirm this feature, they can be considered potential drugs in acute ischemic stroke treatment.
Association between sleep patterns and early childhood caries in 3–4-year-old children: A cross-sectional study
Authors: GeethaPriya PR , Asokan Sharath , YogeshKumar TD , Elamathe M.
Published: June 2023

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess the sleep practices of children and their association with early childhood caries (ECC) at three different age periods.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the sleep practices, feeding practices, and oral hygiene practices of children during nighttime from 0 to 2 years of age. A survey among 550 mothers of children aged 3–4 years with ECC (n = 275) and without ECC (n = 275) was conducted using a pretested and validated questionnaire. The three practices (sleep practices, feeding practices, and oral hygiene practices) of children at 0–3 months, 4–11 months, and 1–2 years of age were recorded and analyzed.

Results:

Risk factors associated with ECC at 0–3 months of age were gender (odds ratio [OR]: 0.59, 0.36–0.98), no previous dental visit (OR: 2.30, 1.15–4.59), bedtime (OR: 3.54, 2.01–6.25), and intentional feeding practice at night (OR: 1.83, 1.0–3.35). At 4–11 months of age, no previous dental visit (OR: 3.28, 1.66–6.49), mother’s education (OR: 0.42, 0.23–0.76), frequent night wakes (OR: 5.98, 1.89–19.21), and intentional feeding practice at night (OR: 111.09, 32.25–382.68) and, at 1–2 years of age, no previous dental visit (OR: 2.37, 1.45–3.88), intentional feeding practice at night (OR: 19.12, 9.09–40.21), and breastfeeding for more than 2 years (OR: 14.56, 7.17–29.56) were associated with ECC.

Conclusion:

Lack of previous dental visit and intentional feeding at night were the common risk factors associated with ECC in children.
Monitoring patient compliance to dental home care instructions with the mobile-based ecosystem
Authors: Pammi Thejokrishna , Jois Krishaay N
Published: June 2023

Background:

Caries risk assessment and management from the cornerstone for successfully applying a minimum intervention dentistry philosophy in managing dental caries. Most applied work on caries prevention acknowledges the role of oral hygiene and dietary control strategies in reducing the prevalence and incidence of caries. What we need to address, however, is the necessity of initiating and sustaining behaviors that will ensure the implementation of strategies, that is “patient compliance.”

Aims and Objectives:

To present a novel method to monitor oral health-care behavior on a day-to-day basis and guide the parent-child team to set self-help goals. In addition, sustain them over time until the oral environment has positively changed and improved in caries risk status.

Methodology:

A mobile-based application and digital ecosystem have been developed to record daily data, motivate the user and present it as monthly and periodic graphic output. This supplements other caries risk assessment methods employed in recall follow-up to understand the changing oral environment.

Results and Conclusion:

Pilot trial results are promising and our mobile-based application seems to be definite adjuvant in improving and monitoring patient compliance.
Prevalence of white spot lesions in children up to 71 months of age in Gujarat state
Authors: Kashyap Priyanka R. , Kaur Manpreet , Mahadevan Ganesh
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

The earliest sign of a new carious lesion is the appearance of chalky white spots on the surface of the tooth, indicating an area of demineralization of enamel. At this stage, the demineralization process can be reversed or arrested. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of white spot lesions (WSLs) among children up to 71 months in Gujarat state and to increase awareness among parents about its various preventive measures.

Materials and Methods:

Oral examination was done using the mouth mirror and tongue depressor. The prevalence of WSL was recorded using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System II coding and WSL index by Gorelick.

Results:

The overall prevalence of WSL was 31.8% (n = 2025) in Gujarat state. The parents of the participating children explained the various preventive measures to prevent decay followed by diet counseling and toothbrushing techniques.

Conclusion:

Knowledge of the actual prevalence of WSL will help in the implementation of appropriate and timely preventive measures required to decrease the incidence of early childhood caries in that region.
Results of intragastric balloon treatment and evaluation of patient satisfaction
Authors: Avci Enver , Ay Serden
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Endoscopic bariatric therapies are an alternative treatment method for patients who do not respond to diet, exercise and drug therapy or who are not yet candidates for surgery or who are suitable and hesitant to undergo surgery. In this study, we aimed to evaluate our intragastric balloon (IGB) treatment results and the satisfaction of the patients in the light of the literature.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted by retrospectively evaluating the patients who underwent IGB application in the gastroenterology and general surgery endoscopy units of our hospital.

Results:

Sixty-eight patients who had IGB for 6 months were evaluated. The mean weight given was 10 (0–25) kg and the mean body mass index (BMI) decrease was 3.6 (0–9) kg/m2. A statistically significant decrease was obtained between the initial weight and BMI of our patients and the weight and BMI at the end of the 6th month (P ≤ 0.0001). Thirty-five (51.5%) patients reported that they were satisfied with the procedure, while 33 (48.5) reported that they were not satisfied.

conclusion:

IGBs for the treatment of obesity are an attractive form of treatment because they provide minimally invasive, temporary and significant weight loss. Patients need to be repeatedly told that diet and lifestyle changes should be followed in the treatment of IGB. Thus, we believe that possible disappointments can be prevented.
Serum adiponectin level is positively associated with vascular reactivity index by digital thermal monitoring in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Hsiao Chien-Hao , Hsu Bang-Gee , Lu Chia-Wen , Wang Ji-Hung
Published: June 2023

Objectives:

Adiponectin has anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects and is important in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. In this cross-sectional study, our objective was to study the potential correlation between serum adiponectin levels and endothelial function in participants with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Materials and Methods:

We collected serum specimens from 125 fasting participants with CAD. The endothelial function was measured using the vascular reactivity index (VRI) determined by digital thermal monitoring, and VRI values of >2.0, 1.0–1.9, and <1.0 indicated good, intermediate, and poor vascular reactivity, respectively. A commercially available enzyme immunoassay kit was used to measure serum adiponectin levels.

Results:

The cohort included 55, 57, and 13 patients with good, intermediate, and poor vascular reactivity, respectively. Poor vascular reactivity was shown to be associated with older age, higher levels of serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), C-reactive protein, and lower levels of serum albumin and adiponectin. The linear regression analysis with multivariable forward stepwise approach revealed that age (β = −0.232), serum LDL-C (β = −0.264), and serum adiponectin (β = 0.574) were correlated with the VRI in CAD patients significantly.

Conclusion:

Fasting serum adiponectin levels were associated with good endothelial function determined using the VRI in patients with CAD.
Transforming Data with Ontology and Word Embedding for an Efficient Classification Framework
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thanh Sang , Do Pham Minh  Thu , Nguyen Thanh Tuan , Quan Thanh Tho
Published: June 2023

Transforming data into appropriate formats is crucial because it can speed up the training process and enhance the performance of classification algorithms. It is, however, challenging due to the complicated process, resource-intensive and preserved meaning of the data. This study proposes new approaches to building knowledge representation models using word-embedding and ontology techniques, which can transform text data into digital data and still keep semantic/context information of themselves in order to enhance modeling data later. To evaluate the effectiveness of the built models, a classification framework is proposed and performed on a public real dataset. Experimental results show that the constructed knowledge representation models contribute significantly to the performance of classification methods.
Research on the Performance of Text Mining and Processing in Power Grid Networks
Authors: Zhou Yuzhong , Lin Zhengping , Tu Liang , Shi Jiahao , Yang Yuliang
Published: June 2023

This paper employs deep learning technique to perform the research of text mining for power grid networks, focusing on fundamental elements such as loss and activation functions. Through some analysis and formulas, we explain how these functions contribute to deep learning. We also introduce major deep learning training models, including CNN and RNN, and provide visual aids to aid understanding. To demonstrate the impact of various factors on deep learning training, we employ control variable experiments to analyze the influence of factors such as learning rate, batch size, and data noise on model training trends. While the influence of hyperparameters and data noise are covered in this paper, other factors such as CPU and memory frequency, as well as GPU performance, also play a crucial role in deep learning training. Therefore, continuous adjustments to various factors are necessary to achieve optimal training results for deep learning models in power grid networks.
Stable singularity formation for the inviscid primitive equations
Authors: Collot Charles , Ibrahim Slim , Lin Quyuan
Published: June 2023

The primitive equations (PEs) model large-scale dynamics of the oceans and the atmosphere.
While it is by now well known that the three-dimensional viscous PEs are globally well
posed in Sobolev spaces, and that there are solutions to the inviscid PEs (also called the hydrostatic
Euler equations) that develop singularities in finite time, the qualitative description of the blowup
still remains undiscovered. In this paper, we provide a full description of two blow-up mechanisms,
for a reduced PDE that is satisfied by a class of particular solutions to the PEs. In the first one a
shock forms, and pressure effects are subleading, but in a critical way: they localize the singularity
closer and closer to the boundary near the blow-up time (with a logarithmic-in-time law). This first
mechanism involves a smooth blow-up profile and is stable among smooth enough solutions. In the
second one the pressure effects are fully negligible; this dynamics involves a two-parameter family
of nonsmooth profiles, and is stable only by smoother perturbations.
La pantalla de papel. El cine, en la prensa de La Laguna antes de la guerra civil
Authors: Ramírez Guedes Enrique
Published: June 2023

Con la llegada del cine a la ciudad de La Laguna (Tenerife, Islas Canarias), en 1906, la prensa local comienza a tomar conciencia de la importancia del nuevo medio y a realizar un minucioso seguimiento de su devenir. Ya desde los primeros momentos las páginas de los rotativos laguneros sirven como plataforma para la difusión de las ideas y opiniones que en materia cinematográfica se estaban gestando entre los intelectuales locales, provocando verdaderos debates sobre su utilidad, sus repercusiones éticas y morales, o, más relacionado con lo cinematográfico, su calidad estética. Este notable interés por el cine se mantiene como una constante hasta el estallido de la guerra civil española, época en que se extingue el último periódico de La Laguna.
معيار الأجل في التمويل الإسلامي دراسة تحليلية في ضوء قاعدة الزرقا للمداينات الشرعية
Authors: السويلم سامي بن إبراهيم
Published: June 2023

تستعرض الورقة معيار الأجل للتمييز بين البيع والربا مع ربط ذلك بمفاهيم النظرية الاقتصادية. ويقتضي المعيار أن تكلفة التمويل يجب ألا تتجاوز القيمة المضافة (أو المنفعة) الناتجة من المبادلة لو كانت حاضرة البدلين. وحيث إن القرض هو مبادلة الشيء بمثله، وهي لا تولد أي منفعة في حضور البدلين، فإن تكلفة التمويل في هذه الحالة (أي حالة القرض) يجب أن تكون صفرًا، وهذا هو القرض الحسن. كما تقدم الورقة صياغة رياضية للمعيار يتحدد في ضوئها النطاق المقبول لتكلفة التمويل في البيع من وجهة نظر الدائن والمدين، وبذلك يمكن دمج مقولات النظرية الاقتصادية بقاعدة الزرقا للخروج بمعيار موحد. كما تستكشف الورقة أبعادًا جديدة حول العلاقة بين "الثروة الكامنة" والثروة الفعلية" وموقع الديون من هذه العلاقة، وأثر ذلك على التضخم في ظل التطورات الاقتصادية الراهنة.
الربح : مفهومه وضوابطه في التمويل بالمُداينات الشرعية التجارية
Authors: حسانين فياض عبد المنعم
Published: June 2023

تقدم الأحكام الفقهية التفصيلية لعقود المعاملات المالية ومنها عقود البيوع الآجلة القواعد والضوابط والخصائص المميزة للتمويل بالمُداينات الشرعية التجارية، وتحدد بوضوح تام الفروق الجوهرية بينها وبين التمويل بالدَّيْن الربوي. كما يزخر الفقه الإسلامي بالأحكام الخاصة بالدَّيْن؛ سواء نشأ عن مبايعات يؤجل فيها الدَّيْن، أو نشأ عن قرض، أو غير ذلك، وأنواع تلك الديون، وأقسامها ودرجاتها وقوتها وضعفها، وأسباب المشروعية في التعامل بها، وأسباب الفساد، وأنواع الحيل في تلك المعاملات، وضوابط منعها، وكيفية الخروج من الحرام إلى دائرة الحلال عند التعامل بالتمويل بالمُداينات المؤجلة. تنقسم صيغ التمويل الإسلامي الربحي إلى صيغ المعاوضات (البيوع والإجارة)، والمشاركات بصورها المتنوعة، ولكل صيغة مزايا وخصائص تمكنها من توفير الاحتياجات التمويلية بكفاءة أكثر من غيرها. وينبغي البحث بالأساليب العلمية للوصول إلى المزيج من التمويل الأمثل للأنشطة التمويلية في المصارف الإسلامية، فمثلًا صيغ التمويل بالمُداينات الشرعية تكون أكثر ملاءمة من المشاركات في توفير احتياجات العملاء في تملك السلع المعمرة، بينما تكون المشاركات أكثر ملاءمة وكفاءة في توفير رأس المال العامل للمشروعات. وكما هو معلوم للربح مفهوم محدد في البيع، وفي المشاركات. فالربح في البيوع نماء حصل بالإتجار وتقليب السلع في الأسواق، وشرطه التراضي ومنع الغش والتدليس... الخ. أما الربح في الشركات فهو أعم من ذلك، فيطلق على ما يعادل النماء مطلقًا؛ سواء نماء مال أو نماء فعل، كما في شركة الأبدان. فالربح المشروع حافز لتنمية وتوسيع النشاط الاقتصادي، وعند الفقهاء لو غاب هذا الحافز لبطلت المعايش، وهذا الربح المشروع ناتج عن مبادلات حقيقية، بينما تغلق الشريعة الباب أمام المبادلات الصورية التي يقصد بها التحايل للمراباة بدين ربوي. والتزام البنوك الإسلامية بتمويل مبادلات حقيقية يرفع مستوى ثقة المتعاملين معها، ويرفع كفاءة إدارة استخدامات تلك البنوك ويسهم في تنافسية التمويل الإسلامي في سوق التمويل.
التمويل بالمُداينات: اعتبارات شرعية واقتصادية
Authors: أبوزيد عبد العظيم
Published: June 2023

تشتمل هذه الورقة على اقتراحات لتعديلات طفيفة على ورقة الزرقا، وعلى تحليلات شرعية واقتصادية لواقع التمويل بالمُداينات في المؤسسات المالية؛ بصرف النظر عن هويتها. وبعد إيراد التعليقات الجزئية على ورقة الزرقا، تنطلق هذه الورقة للإجابة عن التساؤلات التي أثارتها هيئة تحرير المجلة للمقارنة بين المداينة بالبيع دون الوساطة المالية؛ وبين المداينة الربوية، ثم المقارنة بين المداينة بالبيع مع الوساطة المالية؛ وبين المداينة الربوية. فتظهر الورقة أن المداينة بالبيع تختلف جوهرًا وأثرًا عن المداينة الربوية. أما المداينة بالبيع عبر الوساطة المالية - أي عبر المؤسسات المالية الإسلامية - فتلتقي مع المُداينات الربوية في الأثر من حيث خلق الديون الكثيرة، وتركيزها في مؤسسات محدودة، مما يجعل هذه المؤسسات المالية عرضةً للتسبب بإحداث الأزمات المالية التي تطال الأفراد والمؤسسات والاقتصاد كما أثبتت الوقائع. تنتقل الورقة للنظر في إمكان تطوير هيكلة تمويلية عملية تتجنب الآثار السلبية للتمويل بالمُداينات؛ وتميز التمويل الإسلامي حقيقة عن التمويل الربوي، فترى هذه الهيكلة ممكنة في صيغة التمويل بالمشاركة المتناقصة، لأنها الصيغة التمويلية التي لا تؤدي إلى خلق الديون، ولكن بعد تعديلات معتبرة على هذه الصيغة تخلّصها من صبغة التمويل بالمداينة. ثم تختم الورقة بعرض بعض التحديات التي قد تواجه الهيكلة المقترحة وبيان سبل مواجهتها.
القاعدة الفقهية "الخراج بالضمان" أهم مميز للتمويل الإسلامي بالمُداينة عن التمويل الربوي
Authors: ناصر حيدر
Published: June 2023

هذه الورقة قراءة نقدية للبحث المقدم من أنس الزرقا الذي تناول فيه القاعدة المقترحة من قبل سامي السويلم للتمييز بين التمويل الإسلامي بالمداينة التجارية الشرعية والتمويل الربوي. ويكتسي الموضوع أهمية بالغة بالنظر إلى ما يثار حول حقيقة اختلاف هذا النوع من التمويل الذي تمارسه البنوك الإسلامية وصيغ الإقراض الربوي المطبقة في البنوك التقليدية. بل جنح الكثير من المفكرين الاقتصاديين والفقهاء إلى التشكيك في توافق منتجات التمويل بالمداينة على غرار المرابحة والإجارة والسلم والاستصناع مع أحكام الشريعة الإسلامية من فرط ما بدا لهم من تشابه بين المنهجين في مقصديهما ومآليهما، مما يجعل صياغة قاعدة علمية موضوعية تميز بينهما أمرًا بالغ الأهمية. وتم النقاش في هذه المساهمة لورقة أنس الزرقا، وكان نتيجة ذلك التوصل إلى رأي سيضفي على القاعدة المقترحة دقة ومتانة وتكاملًا أحسن.
Об оценках равномерных приближений рациональными интегральными операторами Фурье-Чебышева
при определенном выборе полюсов
Authors: Potseiko Pavel Gennadjevich , Rovba Yevgeni Alekseevich
Published: June 2023

Рассматривается рациональный интегральный оператор Фурье-Чебышева на отрезке $[-1,1]$ со специально выбранными полюсами.
На основании ранее полученной оценки сверху равномерных приближений функции $|x|^s$, $s>0$, на отрезке $[-1,1]$
посредством рассматриваемого метода рациональной аппроксимации получено асимптотическое представление соответствующей мажоранты при некоторых условиях на полюсы аппроксимирующей функции. Для решения этой задачи разработан метод,
базирующийся на классическом методе Лапласа исследования асимптотического поведения интегралов. Подробно изучен случай
модифицированных "ньюменовских параметров". Найдены значения таких параметров, при которых обеспечивается
наибольшая скорость равномерных приближений. Порядки равномерных рациональных приближений в этом случае
оказываются выше соответствующих полиномиальных аналогов.
Библиография: 35 названий.
Граничное искажение и производная Шварца однолистной функции
в круговом кольце
Authors: Dubinin Vladimir Nikolaevich
Published: June 2023

Доказываются новые теоремы искажения для голоморфных однолистных
и ограниченных в круговом кольце функций, сохраняющих одну из его
граничных компонент. В частности, устанавливаются неравенства,
включающие производную Шварца в граничной точке кольца. Все результаты
вытекают из свойств конформной емкости конденсаторов и симметризации.
Библиография: 20 названий.
Competency Based Curriculum and its Implications for Teacher Training in Kenya
Authors: Ngaruiya Boniface
Published: May 2023

The Competency Based Curriculum (CBC) in Kenya was proposed, introduced, and is now a full cycle for the early years and primary school levels. It was introduced as a pilot in the Lower classes in Kenya in 2017. It proposes to change the structure and the pedagogy of basic education. This paper used a desk research methodology to lookcritically into the need for the proposed new CBC learning technology, the high points of the new curriculum and to show its implications for teacher education. The paper reviews the terminology surrounding the proposed new Basic Education Framework (BECF) to explain the teacher's role in the framework and suggest a way forward for teacher education. More funds from the CBC system should be allocated for preservice Teacher training for current teacher trainees to practice and experience realistic training with the 21st century resources the CBC anticipates in a Kenyan school. It concludes that the structural change from 8-4-4 to 6-4-3-3 will be the easier thing to change, while changing the spirit of the curriculum will require a more concerted effort by different players.
Collaborative Procurement Practices in Public Organizations: A Review of Forms, Benefits and Challenges
Authors: Nkunda Richard Manase , Kazungu Isaac , Changalima Ismail Abdi
Published: June 2023

This study reviewed forms, benefits, and challenges of collaborative procurement practice that could be applied in public organizations in developing  countries like Tanzania. The study is exploratory and descriptive in nature under which a systematic literature review was conducted to examine the  various forms, benefits, and challenges of collaborative procurement. In this approach, information was gathered from the existing body of literature on  collaborative procurement and cooperative purchasing practices. Based on the main results, the study ascertained that piggy-backing groups, third-party  groups, professional networks, and project groups are the main four forms of collaborative procurement practices that may be applicable in public  organizations. Results suggested that organizations that engage in collaborative procurement practices enjoy several benefits, including minimum prices,  low transaction costs, high-quality products, reduced workloads, and minimal supply risks. However, demand heterogeneity can complicate the  procurement process, and inflexibility and control of collaborative procurement activities are major challenges for implementing collaborative  procurement practices. Despite these challenges, the study concluded that collaborative procurement practices can be beneficial in public organizations in developing countries like Tanzania. The study recommends that collaborative members establish clear guidelines and agreements for collaborative  procurement practices to ensure successful implementation.
Sanitation and Hygiene Practices in Northern Ghana: An Analysis of Household Health Risks
Authors: Osumanu Issaka Kanton , Amin Awzai Mohammed
Published: June 2023

This study assessed household health risks in relation to sanitation and hygiene practices. A convergent parallel mixed method design, involving a survey  of 200 household heads and two semi-structured interviews, was employed. The forward linear regression method was used to determine how  sanitation and hygiene practices influence household health risks. From the results, age was the most considered criterion for using a homestead toilet  facility. Income made the most significant contribution to change in the choice of toilet facility with a Beta Weight of 0.313 at a statistically significant level  of p<0.00. Income was again identified to be the most statistically significant determining factor for access to sanitation and hygiene materials with  0.389 at a significant alpha level of p<0.00. The identified factors that define sanitation and hygiene practices cut across gender division of labour, age,  occupation, housing type and residential location. Owing to the range of demographic, social and economic factors influencing the adoption of proper  sanitation and hygiene practices, it is recommended that sanitation and hygiene improvement interventions should inculcate socio-demographic and   economic concepts to reduce household health risks.
Morphology, microstructure evolution and properties of resin-bonded palm kernel and coconut shell grain-based abrasive grinding
Authors: Samuel A. A. , Sulaiman A. , Ajimotokan H. A. , Ibitoye S. E. , Ajiboye T. K. , Ogedengbe T. S. , Alabi I. O.
Published: May 2023

This study examined the morphology and microstructural evolution of resin-bonded palm kernel and coconut shell grain-based abrasive grinding wheels and their physico-mechanical and tribological properties. Raw palm kernel shell (PKS) and coconut shell (CNS) samples were obtained, sorted, sun- and oven-dried, pulverised, and screened into fines of 250, 500 and 850 μm grain sizes, and blended at PKS to CNS mixing ratios of 1:0, 0:1, 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1, respectively. The blended grains, on a weight basis of the total aggregates, were bonded with 25 wt.% polyester resin and hardened and catalysed with 1.5 wt.% cobalt compound and methyl-ethyl ketone peroxide. The aggregates were moulded and compressed at a constant pressure of 18 MPa, ejected, and room-cured before being oven-cured to produce the wheels. The microstructural, water absorption, impact, flexural, hardness, and wear rate properties of the produced samples were evaluated. The properties studied were significantly influenced by grain sizes and mixing ratios of the PKS and CNS in the wheels. The least hardness value, 6.42 HRB, and wear rate, 0.44 mg/m were found in wheels produced from aggregates with pure PKS content with 850 and 250 μm grain sizes, respectively. The wheels' durability qualities suggest they could be used as abrasive grinding wheels, in particular, for wood cutting and finishing processes.
Implementation of flexible manufacturing systems in Africa: Multiple case studies in the Gambia and Ghana
Authors: Fofana S. B. , Nyarko F. A. , Mensah L. D. , Takyi G.
Published: May 2023

In comparison to Europe, Asia, and America, the African manufacturing sector performs poorly. This is largely attributable in part to inadequate use of advanced manufacturing concepts and technologies, as well as the insufficiently skilled workforce. African manufacturing companies must adopt and implement advanced manufacturing technologies and concepts such as flexible manufacturing systems in order to boost growth and accelerate development in the sector. In this study, we conducted multi-case studies on the implementation of flexible manufacturing systems in the manufacturing sectors of two West African countries (The Gambia and Ghana). Six manufacturing companies from The Gambia and eight from Ghana were chosen. Many of the companies involved in the study are small businesses that specialize in mechanical parts/system production, welding, and fabrication. The findings revealed that the use of advanced manufacturing technologies and concepts, as well as the adoption of flexible manufacturing systems, is extremely low. The results also show that the major obstacles to the adoption and implementation of advanced manufacturing technologies are, cost and, lack of qualified personnel. Companies have agreed to adopt and implement advanced manufacturing technologies and concepts if the opportunity arises. They also require more information on some cutting-edge technologies before deciding whether to adopt and implement them. Some of the other major challenges faced by African manufacturing companies include, high energy costs and unstable power supply, poor transportation network, and, lack of adequate finance.
Enhancement of resource recovery from retired tires: Extraction of copper and zinc resources
Authors: Wan Xingyuan , Jiang Kaixi , Zhang Ting'an , Yang Han , Wang Kun
Published: June 2023

The disposal of scrap rubber, represented by retired tires, has achieved industrial achievements, but the handling of brass-coated steel wire as a structural reinforcement in retired tires has received little attention. A feasible and efficient method of acquiring economical resources is proposed to extract copper and zinc (Cu-Zn) from brass-coated steel wire. With 20% ammonia, 10% hydrogen peroxide, and a liquid-solid ratio of 10, the brass coating almost completely dissolved in 5 minutes. This technique may remedy the challenge of weak dissolving efficiency brought on by the dual phase microstructure of brass. Electrochemical measurements and density functional theory (DFT) simulations assist in verifying that hydrogen peroxide decreases the resistance of the corrosion and that OH- and O-2 in solution are the main contributors to the dissolution. In addition, the AH effectively enhances the corrosion of the α phase in brass, which is notably evident in comparable works. This effective strategy broadens the application of retired tires and provides a new method for extracting Cu-Zn resources.
TASK-BASED LANGUAGE TEACHING IN VIETNAM: RESEARCH TRENDS, FINDINGS, AND IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Sang Huynh Truong , Loi Nguyen Van
Published: May 2023

It is widely assumed that task-based language teaching (TBLT) has been effectively applied in EFL contexts. In Vietnam, abundant research has been implemented to examine its effects on English proficiency as well as to identify perceptions and attitudes of both teachers and learners towards using this approach in classroom contexts. This paper aims to synthesize trends in research on task-based language teaching in the context by reviewing results extracted from a corpus of 60 studies. Key aspects like effects, challenges, teacher/learner perceptions and attitudes were selected for analysis and synthesis. The results revealed that the research tended to focus more on production skills than receptive skills, and that the implementation of TBLT was reported to cause challenges for teachers, while learners tended to hold positive attitudes toward the approach. Based on the research findings, some lessons were drawn for pedagogy and future research. For successful TBLT implementation, it is suggested that teachers are informed of the effects, engaged in reflections and that exams should be shifted towards communicative competence assessment. Future research could increase sample size and treatment duration, and especially address the challenges teachers, as the main agent, encounter in implementation.
 

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THERMAL CONCEPTS AND PHENOMENA IN EARLY CHIDHOOD SCIENCE EDUCATION: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Ioannou Michalis , Kaliampos George , Fragkiadaki Glykeria , Pantidos Panagiotis , Ravanis Konstantinos
Published: May 2023

In the current study, an attempt is made to bring together and synthesize research data on the way early childhood children approach thermal phenomena and concepts. In this pool of data, the mental representations of young children, the barriers to the conceptualization of these phenomena and the effectiveness of specialized teaching interventions are highlighted and discussed. Going through a series of empirical studies the paper focuses on critical aspects of thermal phenomena and concepts such as thermal conductivity in solid and liquid materials, expansion and contraction of metals, thermal insulation, use of a thermometer etc. A considerable part of these studies prominently deals with the changes in the state of materials and in particular water and the water cycle in the natural environment. The literature review presented here provides a detailed overview and a classification of these studies as well as highlights the need to foreground the systemic character of phenomena and the unifying character of the concepts when approaching or researching about thermal phenomena in early childhood educational settings.
 

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