bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulation of GO on cement hydration crystals and its toughening effect
Authors: Lv Shenghua , Ma Yujuan , Qiu Chaochao , Zhou Qingfang
Published: September 2013

An aqueous dispersion of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets with different oxygen content was obtained from graphite via oxidation and ultrasonication. The effects of GO nanosheets on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hardened cement paste were determined by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer and tensile/flexural/compressive strength investigations. The results indicate that GO nanosheets can regulate the formation of flower-like crystals and distinctly improve the tensile, flexural and compressive strengths of the corresponding hardened cement paste: when the oxygen content of GO was 25·45% and its dosage was 0·02% by weight of cement, the tensile strength and flexural strength increased by 197·2% and 184·5% respectively. These results suggest that GO nanosheets can significantly improve the toughness of hardened cement paste. A working mechanism is proposed by which GO may regulate the formation of hydration crystals by a template effect and thus exhibit significantly enhanced flexibility. The research results provide a potential new pathway to improve the toughness and reduce the cracking of cement composites.
Apparent Red Clover Nitrogen Credit to Corn: Evaluating Cover Crop Introduction
Authors: Gentry Lowell E. , Snapp Sieglinde S. , Price Richard F. , Gentry Laura F.
Published: September 2013

Corn (Zea mays L.) production systems can benefit from introducing a leguminous winter cover crop into the rotation, especially with regard to increased N availability (i.e., legume N credit); however, it is not known if the full agronomic benefit is realized in the first year of cover crop introduction or if the benefit is cumulative with time. The objective of this study was to determine the apparent red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) N credit to corn in a conventional system where red clover was introduced for the first time compared with three agricultural systems that had a 14‐yr history of using cover crops. The apparent red clover N credit was calculated by the difference in unfertilized corn N accumulation between cover and no‐cover split‐split plots. These data suggest that corn growers can realize the full benefits of a red clover cover crop in the first year of introduction.
Can Manure Replace the Need for Starter Nitrogen Fertilizer?
Authors: Ketterings Q. M. , Godwin G. S. , Swink S. N. , Czymmek K. J.
Published: September 2013

Current New York land grant university fertility guidelines for corn (Zea mays L.) recommend the use of 22 to 34 kg N ha–1 of band‐applied starter fertilizer. On‐farm research was conducted in 2006 and 2007 on a western New York dairy farm with an alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)–corn rotation to evaluate the need for starter N for corn in regularly manured fields. In 2009, the study was expanded to include 21 fields varying in soil type, manure history, and soil N supply potential as expressed by the Illinois soil N test (ISNT). At the western New York farm, there was no increase in corn silage yield or quality with starter N use in first‐, second‐, or fourth‐year corn fields. The results of the statewide assessment also showed that for fields with optimal ISNT‐N, manure could replace starter N without a decline in corn silage yield or quality. Starter N fertilizer application was needed for optimal yield in fields deficient or marginal in ISNT‐N and without a manure history. For such fields, manure could replace the need for starter N as long as sufficient N was applied with the manure, indicated by corn stalk NO3 test (CSNT) results between 750 and 2000 mg NO3–N kg–1. A response of silage yield to starter N was common when CSNT‐N was <750 mg NO3–N kg–1. We conclude that manure can replace the need for starter N, but rates should be adjusted to obtain CSNT values between 750 and 2000 mg kg–1.
Transgenic Corn Rootworm Protection Enhances Uptake and Post‐Flowering Mineral Nutrient Accumulation
Authors: Bender Ross R. , Haegele Jason W. , Ruffo Matias L. , Below Frederick E.
Published: September 2013

Although modern maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids with transgenic insect protection from corn rootworm (CRW) (Diabrotica spp.) demonstrate improved yield and insect control compared to their non‐protected (refuge) counterparts, no comprehensive studies have documented the impact of transgenic insect protection on nutrient uptake and partitioning. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of transgenic protection from CRW on the timing and quantity of uptake for key nutrients such as N, P, K, S, and Zn. Results from two similar experiments across 5 site‐years were analyzed and summarized. In the first experiment, transgenic hybrids averaged greater grain yield (10%; 0.9 Mg ha–1), total biomass (7%; 1.2 Mg ha–1), and grain nutrient accumulation of N (8%), P (12%), K (9%), S (9%), and Zn (12%) compared to non‐protected hybrids (P ≤ 0.05). In the second experiment, the yield response associated with transgenic insect protection varied among hybrids. Those hybrids which exhibited a yield response compared to their non‐protected counterparts resulted in greater post‐flowering acquisition of N (31%), P (24%), and K (38%) (P ≤ 0.05). The results indicate that in favorable environments, transgenic CRW protected hybrids not only produce more total biomass and yield, but also maintain greater rates of nutrient acquisition during grain‐filling.
Association of Elevated Urinary Concentration of Renin-Angiotensin System Components and Severe AKI
Authors: Alge Joseph L. , Karakala Nithin , Neely Benjamin A. , Janech Michael G. , Tumlin James A. , Chawla Lakhmir S. , Shaw Andrew D. , Arthur John M.
Published: September 2013

Background

Prognostic biomarkers that predict the severity of AKI at an early time point are needed. Urinary angiotensinogen was recently identified as a prognostic AKI biomarker. The study hypothesis is that urinary renin could also predict AKI severity and that in combination angiotensinogen and renin would be a strong predictor of prognosis at the time of AKI diagnosis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

In this multicenter, retrospective cohort study, urine was obtained from 204 patients who developed AKI after cardiac surgery from August 2008 to June 1, 2012. All patients were classified as having Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) stage 1 disease by serum creatinine criteria at the time of sample collection. Urine output was not used for staging. Urinary angiotensinogen and renin were measured, and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to test for prediction of progression to AKIN stage 3 or in-hospital 30-day mortality. These biomarkers were added stepwise to a clinical model, and improvement in prognostic predictive performance was evaluated by category free net reclassification improvement (cfNRI) and chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID).

Results

Both the urinary angiotensinogen-to-creatinine ratio (uAnCR; AUC, 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65 to 0.85) and the urinary renin-to-creatinine ratio (uRenCR; AUC, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.83) predicted AKIN stage 3 or death. Addition of uAnCR to a clinical model substantially improved prediction of the outcome (AUC, 0.85; cfNRI, 0.673), augmenting sensitivity and specificity. Further addition of uRenCR increased the sensitivity of the model (cfNRIevents, 0.44). CHAID produced a highly accurate model (AUC, 0.91) and identified the combination of uAnCR >337.89 ng/mg and uRenCR >893.41 pg/mg as the strongest predictors (positive predictive value, 80.4%; negative predictive value, 90.7%; accuracy, 90.2%).

Conclusion

The combination of urinary angiotensinogen and renin predicts progression to very severe disease in patients with early AKI after cardiac surgery.
Phenolic composition and free radical scavenging activity of wine produced from Serbian autochtonous grape variety Prokupac: A model approach
Authors: Menkovic Nebojsa , Zivkovic Jelena , Savikin Katarina , Godjevac Dejan , Zdunic Gordana
Published: September 2013

Phenolic compounds are very important quality parameters of wine because of
their impact on colour, taste and health properties. The present study aimed
to evaluate the general phenolic composition and free radical scavenging
activity of aqueous and organic fractions obtained using liquid/liquid
extractions from red wine produced from Serbian autochtonous grape variety
Prokupac. Total phenolic contents in different fractions ranged from 48.22 to
289.12 mg GAE/g dry fraction. Phenolic acids (mainly hydroxycinnamic acids)
and quercetin-3-glucuronide were the main components of the EtOAc fraction at
pH 2.0; catechins, phenolic acids (mainly hydroxybenzoic acids) and quercetin
were found in the EtOAc fraction at pH 7.0, while anthocyanins were
identified in the aqueous residue after EtOAc extraction. The major
anthocyanin extracted into aqueous fraction was malvidin-3-glucoside, while
the most abundant non-anthocyanin phenolic compounds from organic fractions
were ethyl gallate and trans-caftaric acid. Radical scavenging activity
differed significantly among fractions and IC50 values were 138.58 ?g/ml for
water fraction, 17.83 and 3.47 ?g/ml for EtOAc fractions at pH 2.0 and pH
7.0, respectively. As the EtOAc fractions were found to be more potent
radical scavengers, it could be assumed that non-anthocyanin phenolic
compounds were responsible for such activity in Prokupac wine.
Circulating Triacylglycerol Signatures in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated With the I148M Variant in PNPLA3 and With Obesity
Authors: Hyysalo Jenni , Gopalacharyulu Peddinti , Bian Hua , Hyötyläinen Tuulia , Leivonen Marja , Jaser Nabil , Juuti Anne , Honka Miikka-Juhani , Nuutila Pirjo , Olkkonen Vesa M. , Oresic Matej , Yki-Järvinen Hannele
Published: September 2013

We examined whether relative concentrations of circulating triacylglycerols (TAGs) between carriers compared with noncarriers of PNPLA3I148M gene variant display deficiency of TAGs, which accumulate in the liver because of defective lipase activity. We also analyzed the effects of obesity-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) independent of genotype, and of NAFLD due to either PNPLA3I148M gene variant or obesity on circulating TAGs. A total of 372 subjects were divided into groups based on PNPLA3 genotype or obesity. Absolute and relative deficiency of distinct circulating TAGs was observed in the PNPLA3148MM/148MI compared with the PNPLA3148II group. Obese and ‘nonobese’ groups had similar PNPLA3 genotypes, but the obese subjects were insulin-resistant. Liver fat was similarly increased in obese and PNPLA3148MM/148MI groups. Relative concentrations of TAGs in the obese subjects versus nonobese displayed multiple changes. These closely resembled those between obese subjects with NAFLD but without PNPLA3I148M versus those with the I148M variant and NAFLD. The etiology of NAFLD influences circulating TAG profiles. ‘PNPLA3 NAFLD’ is associated with a relative deficiency of TAGs, supporting the idea that the I148M variant impedes intrahepatocellular lipolysis rather than stimulates TAG synthesis. ‘Obese NAFLD’ is associated with multiple changes in TAGs, which can be attributed to obesity/insulin resistance rather than increased liver fat content per se.
IRS1 Genotype Modulates Metabolic Syndrome Reversion in Response to 2-Year Weight-Loss Diet Intervention
Authors: Qi Qibin , Xu Min , Wu Hongyu , Liang Liming , Champagne Catherine M. , Bray George A. , Sacks Frank M. , Qi Lu
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE

Genetic variants near IRS1 are associated with features of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We examined whether genetic variants near IRS1 might modulate the effects of diets varying in fat content on the MetS status in a 2-year weight-loss trial.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Two variants near IRS1, rs1522813 and rs2943641, were genotyped in 738 overweight/obese adults (age 60 ± 9 years; BMI 32.7 ± 3.9 kg/m2) randomly assigned to one of four weight-loss diets (a deficit of 750 kcal/day of caloric intake from baseline) varying in macronutrient contents for 2 years. We compared MetS status of high-fat (40% of caloric intake; n = 370) and low-fat (20% caloric intake; n = 368) diet groups differentiated by genotypes (rs1522813 A-allele carriers and noncarriers and rs2943641T-allele carriers and noncarriers).

RESULTS

Among rs1522813 A-allele carriers, the reversion rates of the MetS were higher in the high-fat diet group than those in the low-fat diet group over the 2-year intervention (P = 0.002), while no significant difference between diet groups was observed among noncarriers (P = 0.27). The genetic modulation on dietary effect was independent of weight changes. The odds ratio (OR) for the 2-year reversion of the MetS was 2.88 (95% CI 1.25–6.67) comparing the high-fat and low-fat diets among rs1522813 A-allele carriers, while the corresponding OR was 0.83 (0.36–1.92) in noncarriers. The variant rs2943641 was not observed to modulate dietary effects on the MetS status.

CONCLUSIONS

Our data suggest that high-fat weight-loss diets might be more effective in the management of the MetS compared with low-fat diets among individuals with the A-allele of the rs1522813 variant near IRS1.
Influence of F-T Synthetic Wax on Asphalt Concrete Permanent Deformation
Authors: Iwański M. , Mazurek G.
Published: September 2013

The paper presents the results of the study of the effect of a Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthetic wax on the resistance to permanent deformation of the AC 11S asphalt concrete. The synthetic wax was dosed at 1.5%, 2.5% and 3.5% by weight of bitumen 35/50. The compaction temperatures were 115°C, 130°C and 145°C. The criteria adopted for measuring the resistance to permanent deformation included the following parameters: stiffness modulus at 2, 10 and 20°C, permanent deformation (RTS), fatigue life determined using the indirect tensile fatigue test (ITFT) and resistance to rutting (WTSAIR, PRDAIR). The test results confirmed the positive influence of F-T synthetic wax on enhancing the permanent deformation resistance of asphalt concrete placed at lower compaction temperatures compared to that of standard asphalt concrete compacted at 140°C.
Logistics of Materials Flow in an Iron Foundry
Authors: Kukla S.
Published: September 2013

The article presents issues related to creating and realizing added value by logistic processes and processing in a casting enterprise. It discusses possibilities of improving systems of casts production by evaluating labour intensity of casts manufacture and analyzing manufacturing prime costs. Operations with added value, processes indirectly creating added value and operations without added value have been specified. The problem was presented on the example of materials flow design in a foundry, where casts are manufactured in expendable moulds and using automated foundry lines. On the basis of the Pareto analysis, a group of casts was specified whose manufacture significantly influences the functioning of the whole enterprise. Finishing treatment operations have been particularly underlined, as they are performed away from the line and are among the most labour-consuming processes during casts production.
Quantitative Analysis of Ductile Iron Microstructure – A Comparison of Selected Methods for Assessment
Authors: Mrzygłód B. , Matusiewicz P. , Tchórz A. , Olejarczyk-Wożeńska I.
Published: September 2013

Stereological description of dispersed microstructure is not an easy task and remains the subject of continuous research. In its practical aspect, a correct stereological description of this type of structure is essential for the analysis of processes of coagulation and spheroidisation, or for studies of relationships between structure and properties. One of the most frequently used methods for an estimation of the density Nv and size distribution of particles is the Scheil - Schwartz - Saltykov method. In this article, the authors present selected methods for quantitative assessment of ductile iron microstructure, i.e. the Scheil - Schwartz - Saltykov method, which allows a quantitative description of three-dimensional sets of solids using measurements and counts performed on two-dimensional cross-sections of these sets (microsections) and quantitative description of three-dimensional sets of solids by X-ray computed microtomography, which is an interesting alternative for structural studies compared to traditional methods of microstructure imaging since, as a result, the analysis provides a three-dimensional imaging of microstructures examined.
Fracture Mechanisms in Steel Castings
Authors: Stradomski Z. , Stachura S. , Stradomski G.
Published: September 2013

The investigations were inspired with the problem of cracking of steel castings during the production process. A single mechanism of decohesion - the intergranular one - occurs in the case of hot cracking, while a variety of structural factors is decisive for hot cracking initiation, depending on chemical composition of the cast steel. The low-carbon and low-alloyed steel castings crack due to the presence of the type II sulphides, the cause of cracking of the high-carbon tool cast steels is the net of secondary cementite and/or ledeburite precipitated along the boundaries of solidified grains. Also the brittle phosphor and carbide eutectics precipitated in the final stage solidification are responsible for cracking of castings made of Hadfield steel. The examination of mechanical properties at 1050°C revealed low or very low strength of high-carbon cast steels.
Crystallization of Low-alloyed Construction Cast Steel Modified with V and Ti
Authors: Studnicki A. , Kondracki M. , Szajnar J. , Wróbel T.
Published: September 2013

In this paper crystallization studies of low-alloyed construction cast steel were presented for different additions of chromium, nickel and molybdenum modified with vanadium and titanium. Studies were conducted using developed TDA stand, which additionally enabled evaluation of cooling rate influence on crystallization process of investigated alloys.
Heat Transfer of Viscoelastic Fluid Flow due to Nonlinear Stretching Sheet with Internal Heat Source
Authors: Nandeppanavar M.M. , Siddalingappa M.N. , Jyoti H.
Published: September 2013

In the present paper, a viscoelastic boundary layer flow and heat transfer over an exponentially stretching continuous sheet in the presence of a heat source/sink has been examined. Loss of energy due to viscous dissipation of the non-Newtonian fluid has been taken into account in this study. Approximate analytical local similar solutions of the highly non-linear momentum equation are obtained for velocity distribution by transforming the equation into Riccati-type and then solving this sequentially. Accuracy of the zero-order analytical solutions for the stream function and velocity are verified by numerical solutions obtained by employing the Runge-Kutta fourth order method involving shooting. Similarity solutions of the temperature equation for non-isothermal boundary conditions are obtained in the form of confluent hypergeometric functions. The effect of various physical parameters on the local skin-friction coefficient and heat transfer characteristics are discussed in detail. It is seen that the rate of heat transfer from the stretching sheet to the fluid can be controlled by suitably choosing the values of the Prandtl number Pr and local Eckert number E, local viscioelastic parameter k*1 and local heat source/ sink parameter β*
Exact Solution Of MHD Mixed Convection Periodic Flow In A Rotating Vertical Channel With Heat Radiation
Authors: Singh K.D.
Published: September 2013

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection flow of a viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting fluid in a vertical channel is analyzed analytically. A magnetic field of uniform strength is applied perpendicular to the planes of the channel walls. The fluid is acted upon by a periodic variation of the pressure gradient in the vertically upward direction. The temperature of one of the plates is non-uniform and the temperature difference of the walls of the channel is high enough to induce heat transfer due to radiation. The fluid and the channel rotate in unison with an angular velocity about the axis normal to the plates of the channel. An exact analytical solution of the problem is obtained. Two cases of small and large rotation have been considered to assess the effects of different parameters involved in the flow problem. The velocity field, the amplitude and the phase angle of the shear stress are shown graphically and discussed in detail. During analysis it is found that the flow problem studied by Makinde and Mhone (2005) is incorrect physically and mathematically
Hall Effect on Thermal Instability of Viscoelastic Dusty Fluid in Porous Medium
Authors: Singh M. , Gupta R.K.
Published: September 2013

The effect of Hall currents and suspended dusty particles on the hydromagnetic stability of a compressible, electrically conducting Rivlin-Ericksen elastico viscous fluid in a porous medium is considered. Following the linearized stability theory and normal mode analysis the dispersion relation is obtained. For the case of stationary convection, Hall currents and suspended particles are found to have destabilizing effects whereas compressibility and magnetic field have stabilizing effects on the system. The medium permeability, however, has stabilizing and destabilizing effects on thermal instability in contrast to its destabilizing effect in the absence of the magnetic field. The critical Rayleigh numbers and the wave numbers of the associated disturbances for the onset of instability as stationary convection are obtained and the behavior of various parameters on critical thermal Rayleigh numbers are depicted graphically. The magnetic field, Hall currents and viscoelasticity parameter are found to introduce oscillatory modes in the systems, which did not exist in the absence of these parameters
Static, Vibration and Buckling Analysis of Skew Composite and Sandwich Plates Under Thermo Mechanical Loading
Authors: Singh S.K. , Chakrabarti A.
Published: September 2013

Static, vibration and buckling behavior of laminated composite and sandwich skew plates is studied using an efficient C0 FE model developed based on refined higher order zigzag theory. The C0 FE model satisfies the interlaminar shear stress continuity at the interfaces and zero transverse shear stress conditions at plate top and bottom. In this model, the first derivatives of transverse displacement have been treated as independent variables to overcome the problem of C1 continuity associated with the plate theory. The C0 continuity of the present element is compensated in the stiffness matrix formulation by adding a suitable term. In order to avoid stress oscillations observed in the displacement based finite element, the stress field derived from temperature is made consistent with the total strain field by using field consistent approach. Numerical results are presented for different static, vibration and buckling problems by applying the FE model under thermo mechanical loading, where a nine noded C0 continuous isoparametric element is used. It is observed that there are very few results available in the literature on laminated composite and sandwich skew plates based on refined theories. As such many new results are also generated for future reference
Mass Transfer with Chemical Reaction on Flow Past an Accelerated Vertical Plate with Variable Temperature and Thermal Radiation
Authors: Muthucumaraswamy R. , Balachandran P. , Ganesan K.
Published: September 2013

An exact solution of an unsteady radiative flow past a uniformly accelerated infinite vertical plate with variable temperature and mass diffusion is presented here, taking into account the homogeneous chemical reaction of first order. The plate temperature as well as concentration near the plate is raised linearly with time. The dimensionless governing equations are solved using the Laplace-transform technique. The velocity, temperature and concentration fields are studied for different physical parameters such as the thermal Grashof number, mass Grashof number, Schmidt number, Prandtl number, radiation parameter, chemical reaction parameter and time. It is observed that the velocity increases with increasing values of the thermal Grashof number or mass Grashof number. But the trend is just reversed with respect to the thermal radiation parameter. It is also observed that the velocity increases with the decreasing chemical reaction parameter
Professor Jan Kruszewski-Majewski (1929-2012)
Authors: Wittbrodt Edmund
Published: September 2013

In this obituary, we present the life and achievements of an outstanding Polish scientist, Professor Jan Kruszewski-Majewski, who passed away in 2012. Professor Kruszewski-Majewski was one of the pioneers in introducing modern numerical methods in mechanics. He created and developed an original, Polish method of modelling called the rigid finite element method. He was not only an outstanding scientist, but also a person of great charisma and moral rectitude.
Hybrid Reduced Model of Rotor
Authors: Hein Rafał , Orlikowski Cezary
Published: September 2013

In the paper, the authors describe the method of reduction of a model of rotor system. The proposed approach makes it possible to obtain a low order model including e.g. non-proportional damping or the gyroscopic effect. This method is illustrated using an example of a rotor system. First, a model of the system is built without gyroscopic and damping effects by using the rigid finite element method. Next, this model is reduced. Finally, two identical, low order, reduced models in two perpendicular planes are coupled together by means of gyroscopic and damping interaction to form one model of the system. Thus a hybrid model is obtained. The advantage of the presented method is that the number of gyroscopic and damping interactions does not affect the model range
Comparison of Methods for Modelling Vibrations of Collecting Electrodes in Dry Electrostatic Precipitators
Authors: Adamiec-Wójcik Iwona , Nowak Andrzej , Wojciech Stanisław
Published: September 2013

Dry electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) are widely used for purification of exhaust gases in industrial applications. Maintenance of their high efficiency depends primarily on periodical cleaning of the collecting electrodes (CEs). Dust removal (regeneration of CEs) is realized by inducing periodical vibrations of the electrodes. The paper presents results of vibration modelling of a system of CEs; the results were obtained by means of the finite element method, the hybrid finite element method, the finite strip method and a model formulated using Abaqus. Numerical results are compared with those obtained from experimental measurements. Conclusions concerning numerical effectiveness and exactness of the methods are formulated and reasons for differences are discussed.
Short-Range Noise Radar with Microwave Correlator for Through-The-Wall Detection
Authors: Susek Waldemar , Stec Bronisław
Published: September 2013

The analysis of the autocorrelation function of a noise signal in a limited band of a microwave frequency range is described in the paper. On the basis of this analysis the static characteristic of the detector for object movement was found. The measurement results for the correlation function of noise signals are shown and the application of such solution in a noise radar for the precise determination of distance variations and the velocity of these changes is presented in the paper. The construction, working principle and measurement results for through-thewall noise radar demonstrator have been presented in the paper. A broadband noise signal in microwave S frequency band has been chosen, for high sensitivity getting. The broadband noise signal together with correlation receiver provides high sensitivity and moderate range for low transmitted power level. The experimental results obtained from 2.6-3.6 GHz noise-like waveform for the signal of a breathing human are presented. Conclusions and future plans for application of the presented detection technique in broadband noise radars conclude the paper
Measurements of Spectral Spatial Distribution of Scattering Materials for Rear Projection Screens used in Virtual Reality Systems
Authors: Mazikowski Adam , Trojanowski Michał
Published: September 2013

Rapid development of computing and visualisation systems has resulted in an unprecedented capability to display, in real time, realistic computer-generated worlds. Advanced techniques, including three-dimensional (3D) projection, supplemented by multi-channel surround sound, create immersive environments whose applications range from entertainment to military to scientific. One of the most advanced virtual reality systems are CAVE-type systems, in which the user is surrounded by projection screens. Knowledge of the screen material scattering properties, which depend on projection geometry and wavelength, is mandatory for proper design of these systems. In this paper this problem is addressed by introducing a scattering distribution function, creating a dedicated measurement setup and investigating the properties of selected materials used for rear projection screens. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that the choice of the screen material has substantial impact on the performance of the system
A Local Model and Calibration Set Ensemble Strategy for Open-Path FTIR Gas Measurement with Varying Temperature
Authors: Cięszczyk Sławomir
Published: September 2013

Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared OP-FTIR spectrometers are commonly used for the measurement of atmospheric pollutants and of gases in industrial processes. Spectral interpretation for the determination of gas concentrations is based on the HITRAN database line-by-line modeling method. This article describes algorithms used to model gas spectra and to determine gas concentration under variable temperatures. Integration of individual rotational lines has been used to reduce the impact of spectrometer functions on the comparison of both measured and synthetic modeled spectra. Carbon monoxide was used as an example. A new algorithm for gas concentration retrieval consisting of two ensemble methods is proposed. The first method uses an ensemble of local models based on linear and non-linear PLS (partial least square) regression algorithms, while the second is an ensemble of a calibration set built for different temperatures. It is possible to combine these methods to decrease the number of regression models in the first ensemble. These individual models are appropriate for specific measurement conditions specified by the ensemble of the calibration set. Model selection is based on comparison of gas spectra with values determined from each local model
Examination of the Chemical Composition of Propolis IX. Solid Phase Extraction of Coumarins from Propolis by Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer
Authors: Hroboňová Katarína , Lehotay Jozef , Čižmárik Jozef
Published: September 2013

The group selective molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for coumarins, including umbelliferone, herniarin, 4-methylumbelliferone, scoparone were developed. Using umbelliferone as the template molecule, methacrylic acid as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as linking agent, chloroform as porogen and bulk polymerization as synthetic method, the MIPs were synthesized and characterized with rebinding experiments. The characteristics of MIPs were evaluated by chromatographic method and frontal analysis, and demonstrating good selectivity and high binding capacity (269 μg of umbelliferone per 100 mg of polymer). The group selective MIP was used as sorbent for the SPE pretreatment of coumarins from propolis extracts prior to HPLC analysis. Analysis of the samples showed good recoveries (>70 %). The limits of quantitation (LOQs) for studied compounds were 0.3-10 ng.mL-1 (determined for fluorescence detection).
Optimization of the Antioxidant Extraction from Eleutherococcus Senticosus Roots by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Ondrejovič Miroslav , Chmelová Daniela , Maliar Tibor
Published: September 2013

Eleutherococcus senticosus is known as adaptogen with benefits in general health promotion. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of major extraction parameters on extraction yield of antioxidants measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity. Secondly, content of total polyphenols was evaluated. Optimal conditions of the extraction were processed by response surface methodology. The independent variables of extraction were proposed as temperature, solid-liquid ratio and solvent composition. For the optimal antioxidant extraction, E. senticosus is suitable to extract by 23 % (v/v) aqueous ethanol at 70 °C in ratio 53 mL of extraction solvent per g of plant material. The optimal conditions calculated for the extraction of total polyphenols were very similar (70 °C, 22 % (v/v) aqueous ethanol) expect solid-liquid ratio which indicates need of increasing of solid-liquid ratio to 91 mL of extraction solvent per g of plant material
Utilization of the Spin Symmetry in Fitting the Magnetic Data lor Large Exchange Clusters
Authors: Boča Roman
Published: September 2013

The Heisenberg Hamiltonian appropriate to exchange clusters commutes with the square of the total spin ant its third component. Therefore in studying the exchange coupled clusters of medium/high nuclearity the spin quantum number S can be utilized in factoring of large interaction matrices (dimension of which is 104 - 105). Then the blocks of much lower size can be diagonalized using the desktop computers. To this end, the eigenvalues form the partition function Z(T,B) from which all thermodynamic properties, including the magnetization M(B,T0) and the magnetic susceptibility χ(T,B0), can be reconstructed. The matrix elements of the interaction operators in the coupled basis set of spin kets have been generated with the help of the irreducible tensor operators for a loop for S = Smin until S = Smax. In addition to the modelling of energy levels for different topologies, a fitting of magnetic data is exemplified by a number of examples like [Fe6] and [Mn3Cr4] systems
The effect of surface functional groups of nanosilica on the properties of polyamide 6/SiO2 nanocomposite
Authors: Xu Qijie , Chen Fangfei , Li Xiaohong , Zhang Zhijun
Published: September 2013

The present study investigated the effect of the surface functional groups of nanosilica on the interfacial, crystallization, and thermal stability of polyamide 6/SiO2 (PA6/SiO2) nanocomposite, in which nanosilica was modified in situ with both 3-triethoxysilylpropylamine and 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane¬ (KH-550 and KH-570). The FTIR analysis results showed the chemical bonding action between the reacting amino groups of nanosilica and end carboxyl groups of polyamide 6 enhanced with increasing the ratio of KH-550 and KH-570. The XRD spectrum indicated that the crystal structure of PA6/SiO2 nanocomposites tended to form α crystal type that was beneficial to an improvement of mechanical properties, and which was in agreement with the results of mechanical strength measurements. It was also found that crystallization temperature and crystallization rate of PA6/SiO2 nanocomposites were lower than that of neat polyamide 6.
Monitoring of organophosphorus pesticides and remediation technologies of the frequently detected compound (chlorpyrifos) in drinking water
Authors: Derbalah Aly , Ismail Ahmed , Shaheen Sabry
Published: September 2013

Studies on the currently used organophosphorus insecticides with respect to their environmental levels and effective remediation technologies for their residues in water have been considered as a source of major concern. This study was carried out to monitor the presence of organophosphorus in drinking water plants (Kafr-El-Shiekh, Ebshan, Elhamoul, Mehalt Aboali, Fowa, Balteem and Metobess) in Kafr-El-Shiekh Governorate, Egypt. Furthermore, it was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of different remediation technologies (advanced oxidation processes and bioremediation) for removing chlorpyrifos in drinking water. The results showed the presence of several organophosphorus pesticides in water sampling sites. Chlorpyrifos was detected with high frequency relative to other compounds in drinking water. Nano photo-Fenton like reagent (Fe2O3(nano)/H2O2/UV) was the most effective treatment for chlorpyrifos removal in drinking water followed by ZnO(nano)/H2O2/UV, Fe3+/H2O2/UV and ZnO/H2O2/ UV, respectively. Bioremediation of chlorpyrifos by effective microorganisms (EMs) removed 100% of the chlorpyrifos initial concentration after 23 days of treatment. There is no remaining toxicity in chlorpyrifos contaminated-water after remediation on treated rats with respect to cholinesterase activity and histological changes in kidney and liver relative to control. Advanced oxidation processes especially with nanomaterials and bioremediation with effective microorganisms can be regarded as safe and effective remediation technologies for chlorpyrifos in drinking water.
Esterification of fatty acids with C8-C9 alcohols over selected sulfonic heterogeneous catalysts
Authors: Nowicki Janusz , Mosio-Mosiewski Jan
Published: September 2013

A study on the synthesis of esters of fatty acids of natural origin (oleic acid from rapeseed oil) and branched synthetic isostearic acid with commercially available alcohols C8-C9 i.e. 2-ethylhexanol (2-EH) and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol (TMH) in the presence of selected heterogeneous catalysts containing active sulfonic groups has been made. The catalysts were obtained using ready available amorphous silicas with different textural characteristics. The influence of catalyst porosity on the catalytic properties in the esterification of fatty acids has been investigated. The effect of the synthesis temperature has also been studied. The results were compared with the results of esterification with the use of acidic ion exchange resins. It was shown that catalysts obtained on the basis of amorphous silicas are good and reusable catalysts for the esterification of fatty acids with higher alcohols
Doubtfulness – A Dialogical Perspective
Authors: Puchalska-Wasyl Małgorzata , Oleś Piotr
Published: September 2013

The current globalizing world stimulates many doubts. Doubtfulness is a starting point for inner dialogue. Internal dialogical activity often reduces the experience of uncertainty by integration of contrasting ideas. Sometimes, however, the result is quite opposite - doubts grow rather than being reduced. The paper proposes a dialogical model of doubtfulness and presents empirical findings which are consistent with the model. Additionally, the functions of doubtfulness and internal dialogue in philosophy and science are discussed. On one hand, as empirical results show, doubtfulness can be linked to anxiety which blocks human thinking and acting. On the other hand, as exemplified by Galileo, doubt demands a deeper analysis of the situation and is conducive to human development, in personal or even in socio-cultural space.
“You Can Choose… Or We Would Go to ‘Turkeys’ or to Houses” – Verbal Interactions of Five-Year-Old Children During Story Creation
Authors: Smogorzewska Joanna
Published: September 2013

The paper presents the results of an analysis of interactions which appeared during group storytelling. One of two methods was used for the storytelling: the Storyline method or the Associations Pyramid method. Seventy five-year-old children took part in the study. The results show that children are able to use different strategies to create a story together, the language and communication competence of the children is already well developed, and the children are ready for effective cooperation
Adaptation of The Western Aphasia Battery in Bangla
Authors: Keshree Nirnay Kumar , Kumar Suman , Basu Shriya , Chakrabarty Madhushree , Kishore Thomas
Published: September 2013

Aphasia following an acquired neurological insult necessitates an in-depth evaluation of the primary and secondary language symptoms. Of all the tools available for aphasia diagnosis, the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB; Kertesz, 1982) has proved to be one of the most comprehensive test batteries for describing the aphasia symptom complex. Several authors have pointed out the need for language-specific tools for the assessment of aphasia. But in Bengali, the most prevalent language in eastern India, no formal language assessment tool was available to date. The present study adapted the original WAB in Bengali to give the Bengali WAB (B-WAB). The study was completed in three phases: development, standardization and validation of the B-WAB. The test material was developed preserving the total number of items, however minor changes were made wherever necessary so that it matched the sociolinguistic norms in this part of the country. It was standardized in a group of 150 normal individuals in five different age groups ranging from 18-70 years, and normative values were provided for each subtest for each group. For establishing validity, it was administered to 30 aphasic subjects and the results indicated that the B-WAB was a valid tool for testing individuals with aphasia.
The Perspectives And Roles of Renewable Energy Sources in the Economic Development of Peripheral Areas of Hungary
Authors: Nagy Adrienn , Kollár Kitti , Péli László
Published: September 2013

The everyday use of renewable energy sources is necessary and indispensable in today’s modern world, partly because of the difficult handling of environmental problems caused by the increasing use of fossil energy sources, and partly because of the still increasing energy demand. Concerning alternative energy sources, Hungary has great potential in geothermal energy, which can mean a breakout especially for the peripheral, disadvantaged micro-regions while developing their future strategies. This was the motivation of our research. In our study, we intended to highlight the economic development perspectives of the Hungarian micro-regions lagging behind regarding the renewable energy potential.
Questionnaire to Identify Knee Symptoms: Development of a Tool to Identify Early Experiences Consistent With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Clark Jessica M. , Chesworth Bert M. , Speechley Mark , Petrella Robert J. , Maly Monica R.
Published: September 2013

Background

Current diagnostic procedures for knee osteoarthritis (OA) identify individuals late in the disease process. A questionnaire may be a useful and inexpensive method to screen for early symptoms of knee OA.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to develop a brief, self-administered questionnaire for clinical and research settings to identify emerging knee problems in people who could benefit from conservative interventions.

Design

This prospective study utilized a mixed-methods approach.

Methods and Results

Questionnaire items were generated from interview data from individuals with emerging chronic knee problems. These items were reviewed by 16 rheumatology experts, resulting in a 35-item draft questionnaire. To reduce the number of items, questionnaires were mailed to 228 adults, aged 40 to 65 years, with evidence of ongoing knee problems. One hundred thirteen completed questionnaires were returned (63.1% response rate), with 105 usable questionnaires. Using principal components analysis, the number of items was reduced to a final 13-item version, the Questionnaire to Identify Knee Symptoms (QuIKS). The QuIKS has 4 subscales: medications, monitoring, interpreting, and modifying. The QuIKS demonstrated strong internal consistency.

Limitations

A sampling bias among respondents who provided data for item reduction likely means that the QuIKS reflects those who self-report knee problems to a health care provider, which may not be generalizable to the population.

Conclusions

The QuIKS is a short, self-administered questionnaire used to promote activity by identifying the experiences associated with early symptoms consistent with knee OA, such as monitoring intermittent symptoms, interpreting the meaning of these symptoms, modifying behaviors, and including the use of medications. If future work validates the QuIKS, its use in developing samples could expand our understanding of early disease and improve interventions.
Reduction of the nosocomial meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus incidence density by a region-wide search and follow-strategy in forty German hospitals of the EUREGIO, 2009 to 2011
Authors: Jurke A , Köck R , Becker K , Thole S , Hendrix R , Rossen J , Daniels-Haardt I , Friedrich A W
Published: September 2013

Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) disseminates between hospitals serving one patient catchment area. Successful prevention and control requires concerted efforts and regional surveillance. Forty hospitals located in the German EUREGIO have established a network for combating MRSA. In 2007 they agreed upon a synchronised strategy for screening of risk patients and a standard for transmission-based precautions (search and follow). The same year, the hospitals started synchronised MRSA prevention and annually reporting MRSA-data to the public health authorities. The median rate of screening cultures per 100 patients admitted increased from 4.38 in 2007 to 34.4 in 2011 (p<0.0001). Between 2007 and 2011, the overall incidence density of MRSA (0.87 MRSA cases/1,000 patient days vs 1.54; p<0.0001) increased significantly. In contrast, both the incidence density of nosocomial MRSA cases (0.13 nosocomial MRSA cases/1,000 patient days in 2009 vs 0.08 in 2011; p=0.0084) and the MRSA-days-associated nosocomial MRSA rate (5.51 nosocomial MRSA cases/1,000 MRSA days in 2009 vs 3.80 in 2011; p=0.0437) decreased significantly after the second year of the project. We documented adherence to the regional screening strategy resulting in improved detection of MRSA carriers at admission. Subsequently, after two years the nosocomial MRSA-incidence density was reduced. Regional surveillance data, annually provided as benchmarking to the regional hospitals and public health authorities, indicated successful prevention.
Large ongoing measles outbreak in a religious community in the Netherlands since May 2013
Authors: Knol M J , Urbanus A T , Swart E M , Mollema L , Ruijs W L , van Binnendijk R S , te Wierik M J , de Melker H E , Timen A , Hahné S J
Published: September 2013

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