bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Making room for occupational health nursing in Nanda‐I: “Impaired foot health” as a diagnosis
Authors: Bernardes Rafael A. , Caldeira Sílvia , Cruz Arménio
Published: July 2024

Objective

Discuss the label “impaired foot health” to be considered a problem‐focused nursing diagnosis according to the taxonomy of NANDA‐I.

Methods

Discussion article based on literature reviews and observational studies based on the authors’ PhD ongoing research about foot health among nursing students and professionals.

Findings

Attending to the definition of nursing diagnosis and the scope of nursing practice internationally, several human responses and contexts should be considered, opening new opportunities for NANDA‐I completeness.

Conclusions

A new nursing diagnosis has been disclosed, opening new dimensions to the NANDA‐I taxonomy.

Implications for nursing

This nursing diagnosis represents an opening door for the taxonomy, particularly for occupational health nursing in an international context.
Small mammal diversity across different habitat types in an Upper Guinean Forest National Park
Authors: Palmeirim Ana Filipa , Soares João , Oliveira Raquel , Nhassé Isnaba , Mone Daniel Na , Martins Filipa , Palma Luís , Lima Manuel
Published: July 2024

Baseline information on species diversity is lacking in many parts of the world. To address this gap, we conducted the first assessment of small mammal diversity in the Cantanhez National Park, Guinea‐Bissau, West Africa. We used live‐ and pitfall‐trapping to sample small mammals and identified them molecularly. We recorded 183 individuals from 11 species (eight rodents and three shrews). Half of the captures were made up of the forest soft‐furred mouse Praomys rostratus (48.1%), followed by the multimammate mouses Mastomys huberti (18.0%) and Mastomys erythroleucus (7.7%). Our surveys extended the geographic distribution of Matthey's mouse, Mus mattheyi, by 250 km into Guinea‐Bissau.
Rumen‐protected methionine modulates body temperature and reduces the incidence of heat stress temperatures during the hottest hours of the day of grazing heat‐stressed Bos indicus beef cows
Authors: Izquierdo Vinicius de Souza , da Silva Menezes Bernardo , Lopes Matheus Gomes , Malaguez Edgard Gonçalves , Lopes Fernanda , Pereira Fabricio Molina , Brauner Cassio Cassal , Moriel Philipe , Corrêa Marcio Nunes , Schmitt Eduardo
Published: July 2024

This study evaluated the effects of supplementation of rumen‐protected methionine (RPM) on body thermoregulation and conception rate of Nelore cows exposed to high temperature–humidity index (THI). On −31 days before the artificial insemination protocol, 562 lactating, multiparous cows were assigned to receive (MG) or not (CG) RPM supplementation (3 g/cow mixed into 100 g of mineral supplement). Both groups remained in tropical pastures and received supplementation for 77 days. A subset of cows (n = 142) remained with an intravaginal thermometer collecting intravaginal temperature (IT). The respective minimum, average, and maximum environmental THI were 72.8, 78.0, and 83.3. Effects of treatment × hour of the day were detected (P < 0.0001) for IT. From 1330 to 1730 h and 1830 to 1900 h, IT was higher (P < 0.05) for CG versus MG cows when exposed to moderate and high THI. The supplementation with RPM did not affect conception rate (CG = 64.4% vs. MG = 58.2%; P > 0.05). In conclusion, 3 g of RPM supplementation lowered internal body temperature and possibly altered critical THI threshold in Nelore cows with no impact on reproduction.
Who Trusts Russia? Members of Parliament (MPs') Support for Putin's Government and Multilateralism
Authors: Sánchez Francisco , Granados Castellar
Published: July 2024

This article examines the ambivalent stance of Latin American governments towards Russia's actions in Ukraine. Using Proyecto Élites Parlamentarias de la Universidad de Salamanca (PELA‐USAL) data, it explores ideological self‐placement, Putin's approval and alliance preferences among Latin American Members of Parliament, highlighting the influence of anti‐imperialism and multilateralism on their international alignments and support for Russia.
Small non‐coding satellite RNAs – the ‘game changers’ at the virus–host plant interaction?
Authors: Wrzesińska‐Krupa Barbara , Obrępalska‐Stęplowska Aleksandra
Published: July 2024

Satellite RNAs (satRNAs) are RNA molecules associated with many plant viruses and fully dependent on them for replication, encapsidation, and movement within the plant or transmission from plant to plant. Their classification is based on their length, functional protein‐coding capacity, and RNA structure (whether linear or circular). They have been of interest for a long time as some of them, in particular systems, cause significant changes in the pathogenesis and epidemiology of plant viruses. The outcomes of how satRNAs affect pathogenesis depend on the components of the pathosystem: host plant species or variety, virus species or even strain, and the sequence of satRNA. These can be additionally affected by biotic and abiotic factors, for example, environmental conditions such as the presence of their vectors or ambient temperature. satRNAs may interfere with primary metabolism, signalling, plant defence [including post‐transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS)], as well as the efficiency of virus transmission from plant to plant. In recent years, due to wider access to high‐throughput technologies and the extension of studies on satRNAs to include the involvement of external factors in plant–virus–satRNA systems, we are gaining a broader view of the consequences of the presence of these small molecules in viral infections. This review presents the state of the art of satRNA interactions with the helper virus and host plant as well as the influence of satRNAs on the insect vector's behaviour. Moreover, areas requiring further research are identified and knowledge gaps indicated.
Evaluation of doxorubicin and β‐lapachone analogs as anticancer agents, a biological and computational study
Authors: Mercado‐Sánchez Itzel , López Julio , Chávez‐Rocha Rogelio , Vargas‐Rodríguez Ismael , Bazán‐Jiménez Adán , Segovia‐Mendoza Mariana , Prado‐Garcia Heriberto , Vázquez Miguel A. , García‐Becerra Rocío , Garcia‐Revilla Marco A.
Published: July 2024

We have conducted an experimental and computational evaluation of new doxorubicin (4a–c) and β‐lapachone (5a–c) analogs. These novel anticancer analogs were previously synthesized, but had not been tested or characterized until now. We have evaluated their antiproliferative and DNA cleavage inhibition properties using breast (MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231) and prostate (PC3) cancer cell lines. Additionally, cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry. Computational studies, including molecular docking, pharmacokinetic properties, and an analysis of DFT and QTAIM chemical descriptors, were performed to gain insights into the electronic structure and elucidate the molecular binding of the new β‐lapachone and doxorubicin analogs with a DNA sequence and Topoisomerase II (Topo II)α. Our results show that 4a analog displays the highest antiproliferative activity in cancer cell lines by inducing cell death. We observed that stacking interactions and hydrogen bonding are essential to stabilize the molecule‐DNA‐Topo IIα complex. Moreover, 4a and 5a analogs inhibited Topo's DNA cleavage activity. Pharmacodynamic results indicated that studied molecules have favorable adsorption and permeability properties. The calculated chemical descriptors indicate that electron accumulation in quinone rings is relevant to the reactivity and biological activity. Based on our results, 4a is a strong candidate for becoming an anticancer drug.
An Indian multicentre real‐world study on long‐term quality of life outcomes following bariatric surgery
Authors: Bindal Vivek , Agarwal Priyanka , Khaitan Manish , Prasad Arun , Peters Atul N. C. , Narwaria Mahendra , Wadhawan Randeep , Shah Sumeet , Kular K. S. , Raj P. Praveen , Bhasker Aparna Govil , Pandey Dhananjay , Gupta Shailesh , Mansuri Naureen , Dhagat Dipali , Jaithlia Harsha , Siddiqui Deeba , Arora Beena , Singh Arya
Published: July 2024

Background

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) on Quality of Life (QoL) in Indian patients with obesity over 10 years.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted at 11 centres for individuals with MBS between February 2013 and May 2022. Patient medical records provided the source of de‐identified data.

Results

Data from 2132 individuals with a mean age of 43.28 ± 11.96 years was analysed. There were 37.43% men and 62.57% females in the study population. The study population had a mean preoperative body mass index (BMI) of 45.71 ± 10.38 kg/m2. The Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System (BAROS) scoring method showed a higher overall QoL score throughout all follow‐up periods, with ‘very good’ outcomes at one, three and 7 years and ‘good’ outcomes at 5 and 10 years. Improvements in QoL were associated with a substantial improvement (p < .01) in BMI at every follow‐up time point.

Conclusions

Following MBS, individuals with obesity exhibited a substantial and long‐term improvement in their overall QoL for up to 10 years. This study presents Indian data on QoL, which is considered one of the most important decision‐making factors for or against an intervention.
Invisible victims: How children's museums are strengthening families through partnerships with correctional facilities
Authors: Hott Violet , Testa Adrienne , Bushara Leslie
Published: July 2024

A large and increasing number of children in the United States are systematically rendered invisible due to the effects of parental incarceration, forced to navigate a correctional system that does not often take their particular needs into account. This trauma can put children at risk of long‐term developmental consequences that can be lasting across generations. Two children's museums, among others, are developing unique partnerships to mitigate this negative impact. The Children's Museum of Manhattan has an ongoing partnership with the NYC Department of Correction to reunite incarcerated parents at Rikers Island with their children for an afternoon at the Museum. Hands On Children's Museum in Olympia, Washington, is partnering with the Washington Department of Corrections to redesign the children's area of visiting rooms in three correctional facilities. Anecdotal evidence of strengthened parent–child bonds and improved behavior of parents during incarceration show that early indications of both efforts are positive.
Holy love and compassionate love: A comparison of the essential differences between the concept of love in Lutheran theology and the Buddhist concept of love
Authors: Wen Jun
Published: July 2024

Christianity and Buddhism, two of the most influential religions in the world, have given much thought to the concept of love, and both regard it as the basic spirit of their religions, but there are some essential differences between the two. Specifically speaking, the Lutheran theological tradition which has developed since the Reformation in the 16th century advocates the holy love entirely centered on God. In contrast, Buddhism affirms an uncontaminated love emanating from a compassionate heart. This article attempts to analyze and examine the fundamental assertations of the concept of love in Lutheran theology and the Buddhist concept of love in order to reveal the essential differences between the two religions.
Physical performance and plasma metabolic profile as potential prognostic factors in metastatic lung cancer patients
Authors: das Neves Willian , Alves Christiano R. R. , dos Santos Gabriela , Alves Maria‐Janieire N. N. , Deik Amy , Pierce Kerry , Dennis Courtney , Buckley Lily , Clish Clary B. , Swoboda Kathryn J. , Brum Patricia C. , de Castro Junior Gilberto
Published: July 2024

Background

Low physical performance is associated with higher mortality rate in multiple pathological conditions. Here, we aimed to determine whether body composition and physical performance could be prognostic factors in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Moreover, we performed an exploratory approach to determine whether plasma samples from NSCLC patients could directly affect metabolic and structural phenotypes in primary muscle cells.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included 55 metastatic NSCLC patients and seven age‐matched control subjects. Assessments included physical performance, body composition, quality of life and overall survival rate. Plasma samples from a sub cohort of 18 patients were collected for exploratory studies in cell culture and metabolomic analysis.

Results

We observed a higher survival rate in NSCLC patients with high performance in the timed up‐and‐go (+320%; p = .007), sit‐to‐stand (+256%; p = .01) and six‐minute walking (+323%; p = .002) tests when compared to NSCLC patients with low physical performance. There was no significant association for similar analysis with body composition measurements (p > .05). Primary human myotubes incubated with plasma from NSCLC patients with low physical performance had impaired oxygen consumption rate (−54.2%; p < .0001) and cell proliferation (−44.9%; p = .007). An unbiased metabolomic analysis revealed a list of specific metabolites differentially expressed in the plasma of NSCLC patients with low physical performance.

Conclusion

These novel findings indicate that physical performance is a prognostic factor for overall survival in NSCLC patients and provide novel insights into circulating factors that could impair skeletal muscle metabolism.
Network signatures define consciousness state during focal seizures
Authors: Doss Derek J. , Johnson Graham W. , Makhoul Ghassan S. , Rashingkar Rohan V. , Shless Jared S. , Bibro Camden E. , Paulo Danika L. , Gummadavelli Abhijeet , Ball Tyler J. , Reddy Shilpa B. , Naftel Robert P. , Haas Kevin F. , Dawant Benoit M. , Constantinidis Christos , Williams Roberson Shawniqua , Bick Sarah K. , Morgan Victoria L. , Englot Dario J.
Published: July 2024

Objective

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder affecting 1% of the global population. Loss of consciousness in focal impaired awareness seizures (FIASs) and focal‐to‐bilateral tonic–clonic seizures (FBTCSs) can be devastating, but the mechanisms are not well understood. Although ictal activity and interictal connectivity changes have been noted, the network states of focal aware seizures (FASs), FIASs, and FBTCSs have not been thoroughly evaluated with network measures ictally.

Methods

We obtained electrographic data from 74 patients with stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). Sliding window band power, functional connectivity, and segregation were computed on preictal, ictal, and postictal data. Five‐minute epochs of wake, rapid eye movement sleep, and deep sleep were also extracted. Connectivity of subcortical arousal structures was analyzed in a cohort of patients with both SEEG and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Given that custom neuromodulation of seizures is predicated on detection of seizure type, a convolutional neural network was used to classify seizure types.

Results

We found that in the frontoparietal association cortex, an area associated with consciousness, both consciousness‐impairing seizures (FIASs and FBTCSs) and deep sleep had increases in slow wave delta (1–4 Hz) band power. However, when network measures were employed, we found that only FIASs and deep sleep exhibited an increase in delta segregation and a decrease in gamma segregation. Furthermore, we found that only patients with FIASs had reduced subcortical‐to‐neocortical functional connectivity with fMRI versus controls. Finally, our deep learning network demonstrated an area under the curve of .75 for detecting consciousness‐impairing seizures.

Significance

This study provides novel insights into ictal network measures in FASs, FIASs, and FBTCSs. Importantly, although both FIASs and FBTCSs result in loss of consciousness, our results suggest that ictal network changes in FIASs uniquely resemble those that occur during deep sleep. Our results may inform novel neuromodulation strategies for preservation of consciousness in epilepsy.
Sampling approaches to reduce very frequent seasonal time series
Authors: Baldo Afonso , Ferreira Paulo J. S. , Mendes‐Moreira João
Published: July 2024

With technological advancements, much data is being captured by sensors, smartphones, wearable devices, and so forth. These vast datasets are stored in data centres and utilized to forge data‐driven models for the condition monitoring of infrastructures and systems through future data mining tasks. However, these datasets often surpass the processing capabilities of traditional information systems and methodologies due to their significant size. Additionally, not all samples within these datasets contribute valuable information during the model training phase, leading to inefficiencies. The processing and training of Machine Learning algorithms become time‐consuming, and storing all the data demands excessive space, contributing to the Big Data challenge. In this paper, we propose two novel techniques to reduce large time‐series datasets into more compact versions without undermining the predictive performance of the resulting models. These methods also aim to decrease the time required for training the models and the storage space needed for the condensed datasets. We evaluated our techniques on five public datasets, employing three Machine Learning algorithms: Holt‐Winters, SARIMA, and LSTM. The outcomes indicate that for most of the datasets examined, our techniques maintain, and in several instances enhance, the forecasting accuracy of the models. Moreover, we significantly reduced the time required to train the Machine Learning algorithms employed.
Vegetation growth responses to climate change: A cross‐scale analysis of biological memory and time lags using tree ring and satellite data
Authors: Tang Wenxi , Liu Shuguang , Jing Mengdan , Healey John R. , Smith Marielle N. , Farooq Taimoor Hassan , Zhu Liangjun , Zhao Shuqing , Wu Yiping
Published: July 2024

Vegetation growth is affected by past growth rates and climate variability. However, the impacts of vegetation growth carryover (VGC; biotic) and lagged climatic effects (LCE; abiotic) on tree stem radial growth may be decoupled from photosynthetic capacity, as higher photosynthesis does not always translate into greater growth. To assess the interaction of tree‐species level VGC and LCE with ecosystem‐scale photosynthetic processes, we utilized tree‐ring width (TRW) data for three tree species: Castanopsis eyrei (CE), Castanea henryi (CH, Chinese chinquapin), and Liquidambar formosana (LF, Chinese sweet gum), along with satellite‐based data on canopy greenness (EVI, enhanced vegetation index), leaf area index (LAI), and gross primary productivity (GPP). We used vector autoregressive models, impulse response functions, and forecast error variance decomposition to analyze the duration, intensity, and drivers of VGC and of LCE response to precipitation, temperature, and sunshine duration. The results showed that at the tree‐species level, VGC in TRW was strongest in the first year, with an average 77% reduction in response intensity by the fourth year. VGC and LCE exhibited species‐specific patterns; compared to CE and CH (diffuse‐porous species), LF (ring‐porous species) exhibited stronger VGC but weaker LCE. For photosynthetic capacity at the ecosystem scale (EVI, LAI, and GPP), VGC and LCE occurred within 96 days. Our study demonstrates that VGC effects play a dominant role in vegetation function and productivity, and that vegetation responses to previous growth states are decoupled from climatic variability. Additionally, we discovered the possibility for tree‐ring growth to be decoupled from canopy condition. Investigating VGC and LCE of multiple indicators of vegetation growth at multiple scales has the potential to improve the accuracy of terrestrial global change models.
Forest floor environment overrules global change treatment effects on understorey communities in a mesocosm experiment
Authors: Lorer Eline , Landuyt Dries , Blondeel Haben , De Frenne Pieter , Verheyen Kris
Published: July 2024

Light availability profoundly influences plant communities, especially below dense tree canopies in forests. Canopy disturbances, altering forest floor light conditions, together with other environmental changes such as climate change, nitrogen deposition and legacy effects from previous land‐use will simultaneously impact forest understorey communities. Yet, knowledge on the individual effects of these drivers and their potential interactions remains scarce. Here we performed a forest mesocosm experiment to assess the influence of warming, illumination (simulating canopy opening), nitrogen deposition and soil land‐use history (comparing ancient and post‐agricultural forest soil) on understorey community composition trajectories over a 7‐year period. Strikingly, understorey communities primarily evolved in response to the deeply shaded ambient forest conditions, with experimental treatments exerting only secondary influences. The overruling trajectory steered all mesocosms towards slow‐colonizing forest specialist communities dominated by spring geophytes with lower nutrient‐demand. The illumination treatment and, to a lesser extent, warming and agricultural land‐use legacy slowed down this trend by advancing fast‐growing resource‐acquisitive generalist species. Warm ambient temperatures induced thermophilization of plant communities in all treatments, including control plots, towards higher dominance of warm‐adapted species. Nitrogen addition accelerated this thermophilization process and increased the community light‐demand signature. Land‐use legacy effects were limited in our study. Our findings underscore the essential role of limited light availability in preserving forest specialists in understorey communities and highlight the importance of maintaining a dense canopy cover to attenuate global change impacts. It is crucial to integrate this knowledge in forest management adaptation to global change, particularly in the face of increasing demands for wood and wood products and intensified natural canopy disturbances.
Properties of tartaric acid modified steel slag as supplementing cementitious materials
Authors: Tang Panpan , Xiong Yangkai , Huang Lei , Fang Zhiqiang , Jiang Hao , Wang Guoqing
Published: July 2024

By using tartaric acid (TA) as a wet‐method modifier to modify steel slag powder (SS), it is helpful to reduce the content of free calcium oxide (f‐CaO) in SS and further improve the mechanical properties and soundness of SS as supplementing cementitious materials (SCM) in the mortar. The results indicate that with the addition of 2 wt% of TA, the number of large particles bigger than 45 µm in the SS decreased, resulting in predominantly smaller particles smaller than 45 µm. While the specific surface area increased from 417 to 704 m2/kg, the water consumption at standard consistency was significantly reduced. The soundness of the paste SS as SCM had improved including the f‐CaO content decreased from 4.81% to 0.95%, and the Le Chatelier expansion reduced from 4.5 to 1.5 mm. The mechanical properties were significantly enhanced, with the flexural strength increasing from 5.6 to 7.8 MPa, and the compressive strength rising from 38.8 to 52.7 MPa. After 28 days of curing in water, the hydration products of the mortar are hydrated calcium silicate (C‐S‐H), calcium hydroxide (CH), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
Study on reaction interface of carbon‐free oxide‐based refractories with lanthanum oxide and lanthanum aluminate
Authors: Ma Feixiang , Liu Guoqi , Gu Qiang , Zhang Yi , Li Hongxia
Published: July 2024

In this study, the reaction interfaces of four kinds of oxide refractories (corundum, spinel, mullite, and zirconia) with lanthanum oxide (La2O3) and lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3) under different atmospheres at high temperatures (1550°C) were analyzed. The results show that the four oxides have a strong reaction with La2O3, and the corresponding rare earth aluminate, rare earth silicate, and rare earth zirconate are formed respectively. The reaction with LaAlO3 is weak, and almost no reaction occurs. Mullite has poor structural stability in a high‐temperature reduction atmosphere, easy decomposition, and strong reaction with La2O3. This study provides an important reference for the study of the reaction mechanism between rare earth steel and lining materials and the research and development of special lining materials for rare earth steel.
Effects of radio frequency thawing on the quality attributes of frozen strawberries
Authors: Liu Xingyu , Yang Yao , Peng Yu , Li Mo , Ni Yuanying , Wen Xin
Published: July 2024

Freezing is a widely used method for preserving fresh strawberries, and selecting appropriate thawing technologies is crucial for obtaining high‐quality thawed strawberries. Radio frequency technology provides a promising method owing to its expeditious uniform heating mode with substantial penetration depth. This study investigated the effects of radio frequency thawing (RFT) using electrode gaps of 12, 14, or 16 cm on the quality attributes of frozen strawberries, comparing them with refrigerator thawing (RT) and microwave thawing (MWT). The results illustrated that strawberries thawed by RFT exhibited significantly lower firmness loss and higher levels of anthocyanins and ascorbic acid compared to RT and MWT methods. Specifically, strawberries thawed with a 12‐cm electrode gap under RFT showed faster thawing rates, increased phenolic content, and enhanced antioxidant activity. Overall, radio frequency technology shows great potential in enhancing the quality of thawed strawberries.
European migration governance in the context of uncertainty
Authors: Czaika Mathias , Bohnet Heidrun , Zardo Federica , Bijak Jakub
Published: July 2024

Migration inherently embodies uncertainty and dynamism, eluding precise conceptualization, definition and measurement. Embedded within intricate migration driver environments and shaped by the diverse agency of actors involved—prospective migrants, intermediaries and policymakers—migration defies easy prediction and effective policy response. This inherent complexity within international migration flows poses immediate and long‐term governance challenges. This paper delves into the impact of migration‐related uncertainty on European migration governance. We scrutinize how uncertainty shapes migration policy responses and investigate the roles of key actors in assessing and communicating various facets of migration‐related uncertainty. Employing illustrative cases—the Syrian refugee situation and environmentally induced migration—we uncover how uncertainty influences European migration governance and policymaking. Our study sheds light on the interplay between migration uncertainty and governance processes. The findings emphasize the need for nuanced policy approaches to navigate the complexities inherent in international migration processes.
Gender‐affirming hormone therapy for transgender and gender‐diverse adults in Australia
Authors: Nolan Brendan J. , Cheung Ada S.
Published: July 2024

Gender‐affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is used by many transgender and gender‐diverse adults to align physical characteristics with their gender identity, reduce gender incongruence and improve psychological functioning. This narrative review provides an overview of the initiation and monitoring of GAHT in an Australian context. Trans individuals treated with testosterone typically receive standard testosterone doses and formulations recommended for cisgender men, whereas those receiving estradiol GAHT are typically treated with estradiol in combination with an anti‐androgen in those without orchidectomy. Proactive monitoring and mitigation of cardiovascular risk factors is pertinent in all transgender and gender‐diverse adults and bone health is an important consideration in those using estradiol GAHT.
Fibroblast‐like synoviocytes preferentially induce terminal differentiation of IgD+ memory B cells instead of naïve B cells
Authors: Bleck Dennis , Loacker‐Schöch Klara , Classen Tim , Jose Joachim , Schneider Matthias , Pongratz Georg
Published: July 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease driven by highly active autoantibody‐producing B cells. Activation of B cells is maintained within ectopic germinal centres found in affected joints. Fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) present in inflamed joints support B‐cell survival, activation, and differentiation. CD27+ memory B cells and naive B cells show very different responses to activation, particularly by CD40 ligand (CD40L). We show that FLS‐dependent activation of human B cells is dependent on interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and CD40L. FLS have been shown to activate both naive and memory B cells. Whether the activating potential of FLS is different for naive and memory B cells has not been investigated. Our results suggest that FLS‐induced activation of B cells is dependent on IL‐6 and CD40L. While FLS are able to induce plasma cell differentiation, isotype switching, and antibody production in memory B cells, the ability of FLS to activate naive B cells is significantly lower.
Contingency enables the formation of social expectations about an artificial agent
Authors: Venditti Julia A. , Elkin Rachel , Williams Rondeline M. , Schwade Jennifer A. , Narayan Angela , Goldstein Michael H.
Published: July 2024

What environmental regularities support infant communicative learning from social interactions? We propose that infants allocate their attention toward and learn from external events that are contingent on their own behaviors. We tested the robustness of the influence of contingency on communicative learning by using a non‐biological stimulus, a remote‐controlled car, as the social partner. The car approached infants and produced a speech sound either contingently to infants' vocalizations or on a yoked schedule. Two additional groups had an unfamiliar human experimenter as their social partner in contingent and yoked control conditions. We assessed whether infants formed expectations about their partner's responsiveness to their vocalizations. Expectations made based on contingent responsiveness would support the role of contingency in promoting plasticity in early communicative learning. Infants across all conditions increased their vocalization rates when their partner paused in responding, suggesting that they expected their vocalizations to influence their partners' behavior. Infants vocalized significantly more to the social partner than their caregiver if they received contingent rather than yoked responses from the social partner, regardless of if the partner was a human or non‐biological agent. Contingent responses to prelinguistic vocalizations facilitated the formation of expectations for interactivity of social partners.
Occupational health nursing and political action
Authors: González‐Caballero Javier
Published: July 2024

Background

Occupational health and safety are central elements of work. Throughout its history as a speciality, occupational health nursing (OHN) has been expanding the development of academic competencies and the improvement of clinical skills.

Sources of evidence

The literature highlights that OHN is more involved in the application of policies with a public health perspective focused on the well‐being of the worker than in their design and development.

Reflections from a socio‐occupational and professional perspective of occupational health nursing

From this premise, the current reality contributes to establishing priorities for action, generates consensus as a discipline, induces self‐criticism and favours development as a profession. The article points out the strategies that favour political participation in companies, the factors that limit public representation and some of the benefits of establishing this type of initiative in organisations.

Conclusions and implications for nursing and health policy

The OHN is a key agent of change in the design and development of health policies in the workplace. From a panoramic view of how health strategies can influence companies, and the care of the working population, political awareness and civic participation in its different aspects are part of the commitment to this nursing speciality.
Silicate Application Alleviated the Depressive Impacts of Nighttime Warming on the Rice Growth, Yield and Quality in Southern China
Authors: Lou Yunsheng , Liu Yan , Pan Defeng , Guo Junhong , Yang Huilin , Zhou Dongxue , Ren Lixuan
Published: July 2024

Nighttime warming decreased single rice production in southern China, while silicate supply increased the yield and stress resistance. It is still unclear regarding the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality in rice under nighttime warming. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality during rice growing period under nighttime warming. The warming was set at two levels, that is, ambient temperature (CK) and nighttime warming (NW). The open passive nighttime warming was used in this study, that is, rice canopy was covered with aluminium foil reflective film at night (19:00–6:00). Silicate fertiliser (steel slag) was applied at two levels, that is, Si0 (0 kg SiO2·hm−2) and Si1 (200 kg SiO2·hm−2). The results indicated that, compared with the control, the average nighttime temperature on rice canopy and at 5 cm soil layer increased by 0.51°C–0.59°C and 0.28°C–0.41°C during the rice growing period, respectively. Under nighttime warming, silicate supply increased the dry weight of shoot, total dry weight of the whole plant and yield by 64.1%, 55.3% and 7.1% at the filling‐maturity stage, respectively. Silicate application significantly reduced dry matter translocation rate with 15%–18%, but significantly increased the root‐shoot ratio with 0.39–0.41 in rice. Under nighttime warming, silicate supply significantly increased milled rice rate, head rice rate and total starch content by 2.3%, 2.5% and 41.8%, respectively. Nighttime warming reduced the yield by decreasing the number of effective panicle, seed setting rate and 1000‐grain weight, but increasing empty chaff grain. Silicate supply increased the yield by increasing the number of effective panicle, filled grains per panicle, seed setting rate and 1000‐grain weight, but reducing empty chaff grain. This study suggests that silicate supply can effectively alleviate the suppressive effects of nighttime warming on single rice growth, yield and quality in Southern China.
Behavior and effect of natural refinement of Sm2BaCuO5 derived from homogeneous nucleation catastrophe in bulks
Authors: Huang Simin , Yin Yiqian , Zhu Yanhan , Liang Kun , Diko Pavel , Radusovska Monika , Yao Xin
Published: July 2024

Among the REBa2Cu3O7‐δ (REBCO or RE123, RE = rare earth element) family, SmBCO is preferably used in top‐seeded melt‐growth (TSMG) because of its outstanding property and more controllable stoichiometry 123. Nevertheless, the refinement of Sm2BaCuO5 (Sm211) particles has been challenging for high‐performance SmBCO bulks. Conventional precursor powders (SmBa2Cu3O7‐δ plus Sm2BaCuO5) intrinsically result in enlarging Sm2BaCuO5 particles due to their coarsening and epitaxial growth during the heating process. Here, we used modified precursor powders (MPPs, Sm2O3 plus Ba2Cu3O5) in air‐processed TSMG, in which there is neither Sm211 in the beginning nor related enlargement during heating. Consequently, the nucleation catastrophe of Sm211 occurred above the peritectic temperature, which in situ formed, possessing naturally small size. Further, aiming to suppress the Sm/Ba substitution, Ba‐rich MPP, substituting Ba2Cu3O5 with Ba3Cu4O7) was employed, producing an excellent SmBCO bulk with a diameter of 24 mm: levitation force of 51.5 N and trapped field of 0.537 T. Optical micrographs and quantitative analyses confirmed the superior refinement and distribution of Sm211 particles in SmBCO bulks. Most importantly, new strategies in this work are widely applicable for developing cost‐effective and high‐performance other REBCO bulk superconductors.
Fibroblast growth factor 23‐mediated regulation of osteoporosis: Assessed via Mendelian randomization and in vitro study
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Xu Jin
Published: July 2024

Despite numerous investigations on the influence of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), α‐Klotho and FGF receptor‐1 (FGFR1) on osteoporosis (OP), there is no clear consensus. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted on genome‐wide association studies (GWASs)‐based datasets to evaluate the causal relationship between FGF23, α‐Klotho, FGFR1 and OP. The primary endpoint was the odds ratio (OR) of the inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) approach. Furthermore, we stably transfected FGF23‐mimic or siRNA‐FGF23 into human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in culture and determined its cell proliferation and the effects on osteogenic differentiation. Using MR analysis, we demonstrated a strong correlation between serum FGF23 levels and Heel‐ and femoral neck‐BMDs, with subsequent ORs of 0.919 (95% CI: 0.860–0.983, p = 0.014) and 0.751 (95% CI: 0.587–0.962; p = 0.023), respectively. The expression levels of FGF23 were significantly increased in femoral neck of patients with OP than in the control cohort (p < 0.0001). Based on our in vitro investigation, after overexpression of FGF23, compared to the control group, the BMSC's proliferation ability decreased, the expression level of key osteogenic differentiation genes (RUNX2, OCN and OSX) significantly reduced, mineralized nodules and ALP activity significantly decreased. After silencing FGF23, it showed a completely opposite trend. Augmented FGF23 levels are causally associated with increased risk of OP. Similarly, FGF23 overexpression strongly inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs, thereby potentially aggravating the pathological process of OP.
Plasma circulating tumour DNA is a better source for diagnosis and mutational analysis of IVLBCL than tissue DNA
Authors: Chen Chao , Di Yiao , Zhuang Zhe , Cai Hao , Jia Congwei , Wang Wei , Zhao Danqing , Wei Chong , Zhang Wei , Zhou Daobin , Zhang Yan
Published: July 2024

Diagnosis of intravascular large B‐cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a challenge due to its heterogeneous clinical presentation and lack of specific markers. This retrospective study investigated the utility of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) sequencing for diagnosing IVLBCL and analysing its mutation landscape. A cohort of 34 IVLBCL patients enrolled and underwent plasma ctDNA targeted sequencing. The median plasma ctDNA concentration was 135.0 ng/mL, significantly higher than that in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) controls. Correlations were found between ctDNA concentration and disease severity indicators, LDH and SF. Mutation analysis revealed frequent mutations in B‐cell receptor and NF‐κB signalling pathways, including MYD88 (56%), CD79B (44%), TNFAIP3 (38%) and IRF4 (29%). CNS involvement was significantly related with BCL6 and CD58 mutation. Patients with complicated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis had significantly higher mutation rates in B2M. Comparison with DLBCL subtypes showed distinctive mutation profiles in IVLBCL. Moreover, plasma ctDNA detected more mutations with higher variant allele fraction than tissue DNA, suggesting its superiority in sensitivity and accessibility. Dynamic monitoring of ctDNA during treatment correlated with therapeutic responses. This study revealed the role of ctDNA in IVLBCL diagnosis, mutation analysis, and treatment monitoring, offering a promising avenue for improving patient diagnosis in this rare lymphoma subtype.
Young‐onset type 2 diabetes mellitus enhances proteinuria, but not glomerular filtration rate decline: A Japanese cohort study
Authors: Saito Haruka , Tanabe Hayato , Hirai Hiroyuki , Higa Moritake , Tanaka Kenichi , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Maimaituxun Gulinu , Masuzaki Hiroaki , Kazama Junichiro J , Shimabukuro Michio
Published: July 2024

Aims/Introduction

The time course of chronic kidney disease in young‐onset type 2 diabetes mellitus remains unclear. We compared the trajectories of proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline between young‐onset (aged ≤40 years) and late‐onset (aged >40 years) type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Japanese multicenter cohort.

Materials and Methods

Participants without diabetic kidney disease were divided into two groups according to age at diagnosis: young‐ and late‐onset. The primary endpoint was eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, proteinuria or both. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards were calculated to estimate incidence.

Results

Among 626 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 78 (12.4%) had young‐onset and 548 (87.6%) had late‐onset diabetes. The incidence of eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was lower (16.7% vs 33.5%, P = 0.003), but that of proteinuria was higher (46.2% vs 28.9%, P = 0.002) in the young‐onset type 2 diabetes mellitus group. The Kaplan–Meyer curve showed that young‐onset type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with a decreased hazard ratio (HR) for eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and an increased HR for proteinuria compared with late‐onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the multivariate Cox analysis, young‐onset type 2 diabetes mellitus increased the HR (95% confidence interval) of proteinuria (1.53, 95% confidence interval 1.03–2.26), but did not change the eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 HR.

Conclusions

Young‐onset type 2 diabetes mellitus has a lower HR of eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and an increased HR of proteinuria compared with late‐onset type 2 diabetes mellitus, indicating that young‐onset type 2 diabetes mellitus has a different time course for the development of proteinuria and subsequent eGFR decline.
An esthetic flap design for surgical endodontics in the anterior zone
Authors: Chen Qiyue , Shen Jun
Published: July 2024

Objective

To describe an esthetic flap design for surgical endodontics in the anterior zone and to discuss the treatment outcome.

Clinical Significance

Traditional flaps used in apical surgery in the anterior region are created with horizontal and vertical incisions. These incisions do not completely avoid scarring, and may sometimes cause esthetic defects. We describe an envelope flap with no vertical incision for apical surgery in anterior that mainly consists of oblique incision in interproximal papilla. The approach achieve rapid would healing while avoiding scar formation.

Conclusions

The present report describes successfully treated cases of surgical endodontics in the esthetic zone using an envelope flap that the author recommend in order to achieve better esthetic results.
Expanding the opioid use disorder medication treatment workforce in rural communities through the RCORP initiative
Authors: Andrilla C. Holly A. , Woolcock Sara C. , Meyers Kathleen , Patterson Davis G.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The Rural Communities Opioid Response Program (RCORP) was funded to help rural communities improve prevention, treatment, and recovery services for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD), including increasing the supply of clinicians with a Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) waiver to prescribe buprenorphine, which was required before 2023. This research investigates the impact of RCORP funding on the supply of DEA‐waivered clinicians in rural communities.

Methods

We used 2017–2022 DEA lists of waivered clinicians to assign clinicians to US counties. Using RCORP service area data, we classified rural counties as either being served by an RCORP grantee or not. We calculated the number of counties in each category with a waivered clinician, clinician‐to‐population ratios, and treatment slot‐to‐population ratios.

Findings

In 2017, 3.7% more of RCORP funded counties had a waivered clinician than non‐RCORP counties. RCORP counties also had 1.2 more waivered clinicians per 100,000 population and 57.5 more treatment slots per 100,000 population compared to non‐RCORP counties. From 2017 to 2022, these differences more than doubled. The supply of waivered clinicians varied across Census Divisions. In most Census Divisions, a greater percentage of RCORP counties had a waivered clinician as well as more waivered clinicians and treatment slots per population, except for the Pacific Census Division, which had more clinicians and treatment slots per population in non‐RCORP counties.

Conclusions

Study findings suggest that federal investments to expand rural OUD patients’ access to care may have been successful, but only if increases in clinician supply translate into greater provision of OUD treatment.
A domain adaptation methodology for enhancing the classification of structural condition states in continuously monitored historical domes
Authors: Cavanni V. , Ceravolo R. , Miraglia G.
Published: July 2024

The unavailability of labeled data has always been the main limitation of data‐driven solutions for monitoring the health state of full‐scale structures. In this area, domain adaptation (DA) solutions have occasionally been proposed in recent years, which allow the sharing of data sets between distinct but similar systems. This paper presents a novel computational methodology to evaluate the condition state of historical buildings subjected to continuous monitoring. The DA method, specifically transfer component analysis, is used to maintain correlations between two data domains with low relevance, thereby improving the accuracy of classification models. Additionally, it is shown that the kernelized Bayesian transfer learning can enhance classification accuracy beyond what is achievable with a support vector machine. The paper is completed with a real‐world application to the classification of data sets from two Italian Baroque churches, both characterized by imposing oval masonry domes, but equipped with very different monitoring systems.
Global burden of fungal skin diseases: An update from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019
Authors: Liu Xiaocong , Zhang Yishan , Hong Yujing , Zhang Hong
Published: July 2024

Background

Fungal skin diseases are the most common and widespread fungal infections, exerting a significant impact on patients' socio‐psychological health and the quality of life.

Objectives

To assess and compare the global burden of fungal skin diseases in 2019 and over the past 30 years.

Methods

Data were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs) were used to assess the burden of fungal skin diseases. A total of 204 countries and territories were hierarchically organised into 21 regions and seven super‐regions. Data were presented as absolute numbers and rates per 100,000 population, stratified by sex, age, year and location.

Results

In 2019, the global incidence rate and YLD rate of fungal skin diseases were 21,277 (95% UI 19 298–23,399) and 42 (95% UI 17–88) per 100,000 population, respectively. Sub‐Saharan Africa bore the heaviest disease burden, especially children aged 5–9 years had a significantly higher incidence rate, YLD rate and YLDs to incidence ratio compared to other regions. Moreover, more than half of the incident cases among the elderly came from high‐income regions and Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania. Over the past 30 years, the number of incident cases and YLDs of fungal skin diseases has been continuously increasing worldwide, but the incidence rates and YLD rates have not shown significant changes.

Conclusions

The global burden of fungal skin diseases has been continuously rising. Children in Sub‐Saharan Africa are experiencing higher disease incidence and severity compared to other regions.