bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Reinvented Music Teacher-Researcher in the Making: Conducting Educational Development Through Intercultural Collaboration
Authors: Timonen Vilma , Houmann Anna , Sæther Eva
Published: October 2019

Music educators working in cross-cultural contexts are faced with both challenges and possibilities, often finding themselves in need of multidimensional re-invention. This chapter focuses on teacher-researchers, contextualising them within the frame of institutional change and intercultural music teacher education. Taking an active role in educational development and regenerating usual patterns of action in music-education institutions sets various challenges as well as opportunities for the teacher-researchers involved. In this chapter we reflect on experiences through two intercultural collaborations: (1) Global Visions Through Mobilizing Networks: Co-Developing Intercultural Music Teacher Education in Finland, Israel and Nepal (a research sub-project in Nepal), and (2) A collaboration between Malmö Academy of Music and Vietnam National Academy of Music under a project Supporting Vietnamese Culture for Sustainable Development. We reflect on these processes through core concepts of affective actions and micropolitics. Our aim is to contribute to knowledge building in the field of sustainable institutional change aiming for globally appropriate music teacher education.
Aphid resistance in Capsicum maps to a locus containing LRR-RLK gene analogues
Authors: Sun Mengjing , Voorrips Roeland E. , van’t Westende Wendy , van Kaauwen Martijn , Visser Richard G. F. , Vosman Ben
Published: October 2019

Key message

A QTL for aphid resistance on pepper chromosome 2 was identified and validated. This QTL affects aphid survival and reproduction, and was fine mapped to a locus containing LRR-RLK analogues.

Myzus persicae is one of the most threatening insect pests that adversely affects pepper (Capsicum) cultivation. Resistance to aphids was previously identified in Capsicum baccatum. This study aimed at elucidating the genetics of aphid resistance in C. baccatum. A QTL analysis was carried out for M. persicae resistance in an F2 population derived from an intraspecific cross between a highly resistant plant and a susceptible plant. Survival and reproduction were used as resistance parameters. Interval mapping detected two QTLs affecting aphid survival (Rmpas-1) and reproduction (Rmprp-1), respectively, both localized in the same area and sharing the same top marker on chromosome 2. Use of this marker as co-factor in multiple-QTL mapping analysis revealed a second, minor QTL (Rmprp-2) only affecting aphid reproduction, on chromosome 4. Fine mapping confirmed the effects of Rmpas-1 and Rmprp-1 and narrowed the major QTL Rmprp-1 down to a genomic region of 96 kb which is predicted to encode four analogues of resistance genes of the receptor-like kinase family containing a leucine-rich repeat domain (LRR-RLKs). This work provides not only initial information for breeding aphid-resistant pepper varieties, but also forms the basis for future molecular analysis of gene(s) involved in aphid resistance.
NHE5 regulates growth factor signaling, integrin trafficking, and degradation in glioma cells
Authors: Kurata Toru , Rajendran Vinotheni , Fan Steven , Ohta Tetsuo , Numata Masayuki , Fushida Sachio
Published: October 2019

Na+/H+exchanger 5 (NHE5) is enriched in neurons and cycles between recycling endosomes and plasma membranes and transports protons to the endosomal lumen as well as to the extracellular space. Although NHE5 expression is undetectable in normal astrocytes, C6 glioma cells express NHE5 at an elevated level. Using C6 cells as a model, here we demonstrate that NHE5 has an important role in tumor growth and tumor cell proliferation and invasion. Glioma xenografts originating fromNHE5-knockdown cells exhibited significantly slower growth than those fromNHE1-knockdown cells and control cells. Histological characterization of the migration front ofNHE5-knockdown tumors revealed a less invasive and less proliferative appearance thanNHE1-knockdown and control tumors.NHE5-knockdown but notNHE1-knockdown led to downregulation of fetal bovine serum (FBS)-induced MET and EGFR signaling. Moreover, depletion of NHE5 but not NHE1 reduced the ability of cells to spread on collagen. We found that NHE5 depletion greatly abrogated endocytic recycling and the protein stability of β1-integrin, which in part accounted for the defective cell adhesion, spreading, and invasion ofNHE5-knockdown cells.
Evaluation of banana germplasm and genetic analysis of an F1 population for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1
Authors: Arinaitwe Ivan Kabiita , Teo Chee How , Kayat Fatimah , Tumuhimbise Robooni , Uwimana Brigitte , Kubiriba Jerome , Swennen Rony , Harikrishna Jennifer Ann , Othman Rofina Yasmin
Published: October 2019

Fusarium wilt of bananas (Musaspp.), caused byFusarium oxysporumf. sp.cubense(Foc) causes up to 100% yield loss in bananas.Focrace 1 in particular is very devastating to dessert bananas in Uganda. One of the effective control strategies for the disease is the development of resistant cultivars through breeding. The objectives of this study were to identify suitable banana germplasm for generating a segregating population for resistance toFocrace 1 and understand the mode of inheritance of resistance toFocrace 1. Twenty-two banana accessions sourced from the National Agricultural Research Organisation in Uganda were challenged withFocrace 1 in a screen house experiment. Monyet, resistant toFocrace 1 and Kokopo, susceptible, were selected and crossed to generate 142 F1genotypes. These F1genotypes were also challenged withFocrace 1 in a screen house experiment. Data were collected on rhizome discoloration index (RDI), leaf symptom index (LSI) and pseudo-stem splitting (PSS), and analysed for variability. The banana accessions evaluated showed varying degrees of resistance toFocrace 1. Segregation ratios for resistant versus susceptible progenies fitted 13:3 (χ2 = 0.12,P = 0.73) for RDI and 11:5 (χ2= 3.04,P = 0.08) for PSS. Estimated broad sense heritability was 27.8% for RDI, 13.9% for LSI and 14.7% for PSS. The results suggest that resistance toFocrace 1 in banana is controlled by at least two dominant genes with epistatic interaction and that heritability of resistance toFocrace 1 is low inMusaspp.
Correction to: On Stochastic Investigation of Flow Problems Using the Viscous Burgers’ Equation as an Example
Authors: Wahlsten Markus , Nordström Jan
Published: October 2019

The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error in equation.
A validation study of the ICECAP-O in informal carers of people with dementia from eight European Countries
Authors:   The Actifcare Consortium, Perry-Duxbury Meg , van Exel Job , Brouwer Werner , Sköldunger Anders , Gonçalves-Pereira Manuel , Irving Kate , Meyer Gabriele , Selbæk Geir , Woods Bob , Zanetti Orazio , Verhey Frans , Wimo Anders , Handels Ron L.H.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The pressure on healthcare budgets remains high, partially due to the ageing population. Economic evaluation can be a helpful tool to inform resource allocation in publicly financed systems. Such evaluations frequently use health-related outcome measures. However, in areas such as care of older people, improving health outcomes is not necessarily the main focus of care interventions and broader outcome measures, including outcomes for those providing informal care, may be preferred when evaluating such interventions. This paper validates a recently introduced well-being measure, the ICECAP-O, in a population of informal carers for people with dementia from eight European countries.

Methods

Convergent and discriminant validity tests were performed to validate the ICECAP-O using data obtained in a sample of 451 respondents from Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden and the UK. These respondents completed a number of standardized questionnaires within the framework of the Actifcare project.

Results

The ICECAP-O performed well among informal carers, in terms of both convergent and discriminant validity. In the multivariate analysis, it was found to be significantly associated with the age of the person with dementia, EQ-5D-5L health problem index of the person with dementia, carer–patient relationship, care recipient CDR, carer LSNS Score, the PAI score, and Perseverance Time.

Conclusion

The ICECAP-O appears to be a valid measure of well-being in informal carers for people with dementia. The ICECAP-O may therefore be useful as an outcome measure in economic evaluations of interventions aimed at such informal carers, when these aim to improve well-being beyond health.
How social challenges affect children’s regulation and assignment quality in hypermedia: a process mining study
Authors: Paans Cindy , Onan Erdem , Molenaar Inge , Verhoeven Ludo , Segers Eliane
Published: October 2019

The present study investigated the extent to which 18 dyads in 5th and 6th grade, who experienced low levels of social challenge, differed from 12 dyads who experience high levels of social challenge in terms of the quality of their written assignment, as well as the frequency and sequential pattern of their cognitive, metacognitive, relational, and off-task activities during a collaborative hypermedia assignment. Sequential analyses were performed by means of process mining with a fuzzy miner algorithm. Results showed that assignment quality was higher for low social challenge dyads. In addition, these more successful dyads showed more cognitive processing activities, more high-cognition, and fewer off-task activities. In terms of their process models, low and high challenge dyads showed marked differences. More specifically, high social challenge dyads showed a vicious cycle of social challenges and off-task behaviors, whereas low social challenge dyads engaged in high-cognition. In addition, for low challenge dyads, but not high challenge dyads, the various metacognitive activities were closely connected to each other. These findings indicate that social challenges not only affect assignment quality, but also fundamentally affect the overall learning process.
Application of GPR and ERT methods for recognizing of gypsum deposits in urban areas
Authors: Gołębiowski Tomisław , Jarosińska Elżbieta
Published: October 2019

This paper presents the selected results of GPR (ground penetrating radar) and ERT (electrical resistivity tomography) surveys carried out on the sites in Poland where shallow karst forms were found in gypsum deposits. The aim of the surveys was the noninvasive detection of karst forms as well as weathered and fractured bedrock which may threaten the stability of the surface and, consequently, may cause damage to buildings, as well as overground and underground infrastructure. The geophysical surveys were conducted at a depth of only a few meters, i.e., to the depth of buildings foundations. GPR surveys were carried out in short-offset reflection profiling mode with standard orientation of the antennae set; however, on one site, different orientations of antennae were tested. During ERT surveys, different measurement arrays were applied in order to analyze which array was optimal for the detection of karst forms as well as weathered and fractured bedrock. Complex interpretation of geophysical surveys resulted in reduced ambiguity and revealed some regions, dangerous for surface stability. Due to the fact that gypsum deposits were investigated to the depth of maximum 10 m; therefore, hydrological processes were analyzed in the paper instead of hydrogeological processes.
mRNA Expression Profiles from Whole Blood Associated with Vasospasm in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Xu Huichun , Stamova Boryana , Ander Bradley P. , Waldau Ben , Jickling Glen C. , Sharp Frank R. , Ko Nerissa U.
Published: October 2019

Background

Though there are many biomarker studies of plasma and serum in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), few have examined blood cells that might contribute to vasospasm. In this study, we evaluated inflammatory and prothrombotic pathways by examining mRNA expression in whole blood of SAH patients with and without vasospasm.

Methods

Adult SAH patients with vasospasm (n = 29) and without vasospasm (n = 21) were matched for sex, race/ethnicity, and aneurysm treatment method. Diagnosis of vasospasm was made by angiography. mRNA expression was measured by Affymetrix Human Exon 1.0 ST Arrays. SAH patients with vasospasm were compared to those without vasospasm by ANCOVA to identify differential gene, exon, and alternatively spliced transcript expression. Analyses were adjusted for age, batch, and time of blood draw after SAH.

Results

At the gene level, there were 259 differentially expressed genes between SAH patients with vasospasm compared to patients without (false discovery rate < 0.05, |fold change| ≥ 1.2). At the exon level, 1210 exons representing 1093 genes were differentially regulated between the two groups (P < 0.005, ≥ 1.2 |fold change|). Principal components analysis segregated SAH patients with and without vasospasm. Signaling pathways for the 1093 vasospasm-related genes included adrenergic, P2Y, ET-1, NO, sildenafil, renin–angiotensin, thrombin, CCR3, CXCR4, MIF, fMLP, PKA, PKC, CRH, PPARα/RXRα, and calcium. Genes predicted to be alternatively spliced included IL23A, RSU1, PAQR6, and TRIP6.

Conclusions

This is the first study to demonstrate that mRNA expression in whole blood distinguishes SAH patients with vasospasm from those without vasospasm and supports a role of coagulation and immune systems in vasospasm.
Thermal mapping of the 2009 dyke emplacement at Harrat Lunayyir, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Shehri Azizah , Gudmundsson Agust
Published: October 2019

The 2009 seismic episode at Harrat Lunayyir signalled a renewed geohazard and resulted in a regional dyke that propagated to a very shallow depth (a few hundred metres) below the surface. Since then, there has been an extensive research debate over the potential links between the volcanic/intrusive activity and tectonic processes, particularly because the earthquake swarm and dyke propagation did not eventually result in an eruption. The current study seeks to estimate the relative changes in surface temperatures as a means for detecting an impending dyke-fed eruption or, alternatively, dyke arrest at a shallow depth. An analysis of thermal (infrared) data with a focus on the spatial distribution of land surface temperatures over a longer period of observation may help reveal the link between volcanic activity and dyke propagation. Here, the land surface temperature changes in the centre of Harrat Lunayyir were recorded when the 2009 dyke was propagating toward the surface. The spatial distribution of the land surface temperatures in the area indicated the segmentation of the dyke and suggested the segments were arrested at somewhat different depths below the surface.
The learning environment on a student ward: an observational study
Authors: Dyar Anna , Lachmann Hanna , Stenfors Terese , Kiessling Anna
Published: October 2019

Introduction Worldwide, a growing number of healthcare students require clinical environments for learning. Some wards have become adapted ‘student wards’ to meet this demand. Benefits have been reported from the students’, supervisors’ and patients’ perspectives. There is no definition of a student ward, and little research on what the term means. A deeper understanding of the characteristics of student wards is needed to support their use. The aim of this study is to describe what characterises the learning environment on one student ward.

Methods An ethnographic approach was used for an observational study on a student ward in a hospital in Sweden. Student nurses, supervisors and others on the ward were observed. Field notes were thematically analysed.

Results Four themes were identified: ‘Student-led learning’ described students learning by actively performing clinical tasks and taking responsibility for patients and for their own learning. ‘Learning together’ described peer learning and supervision. ‘Staff’s approach to learning’ described personalised relationships between the students and staff and the build-up of trust, the unified inter-professional approach to teaching, and the supervisors’ motivation for teaching and for their own learning. ‘Student-dedicated space’ described the effect of the student room on the learning environment.

Discussion and conclusions This study describes the characteristics of a student ward that centred around a community of practice that shared a view of learning as a priority, allowing staff to provide clinical care without compromising students’ learning.
Phase Dynamics of the Dysthe Equation and the Bifurcation of Plane Waves
Authors: Ratliff D. J.
Published: October 2019

The bifurcation of plane waves to localised structures is investigated in the Dysthe equation, which incorporates the effects of mean flow and wave steepening. Through the use of phase modulation techniques, it is demonstrated that such occurrences may be described using a Korteweg–de Vries equation. The solitary wave solutions of this system form a qualitative prototype for the bifurcating dynamics, and the role of mean flow and steepening is then made clear through how they enter the amplitude and width of these solitary waves. In addition, higher order phase dynamics are investigated, leading to increased nonlinear regimes which in turn have a more profound impact on how the plane waves transform under defects in the phase.
Exploratory Study of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Histogram Metrics in Assessing Pancreatic Malignancy
Authors: Taffel Myles T. , Luk Lyndon , Ream Justin M. , Rosenkrantz Andrew B.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

To evaluate whole-lesion 3D-histogram apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) metrics for assessment of pancreatic malignancy.

Methods

Forty-two pancreatic malignancies (36 pancreatic adenocarcinoma [PDAC], 6 pancreatic neuroendocrine [PanNET]) underwent abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion-weighted imaging before endoscopic ultrasound biopsy or surgical resection. Two radiologists independently placed 3D volumes of interest to derive whole-lesion histogram ADC metrics. Mann-Whitney tests and receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to assess metrics’ diagnostic performance for lesion histology, T-stage, N-stage, and grade.

Results

Whole-lesion ADC histogram metrics lower in PDACs than PanNETs for both readers ( P ≤ .026) were mean ADC (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.787-0.792), mean of the bottom 10th percentile (mean0-10) (AUC = 0.787-0.880), mean of the 10th-25th percentile (mean10-25) (AUC = 0.884-0.917) and mean of the 25th-50th percentile (mean25-50) (AUC = 0.829-0.829). For mean10-25(metric with highest AUC for identifying PDAC), for reader 1 a threshold > 0.94 × 10−3mm2/s achieved sensitivity 94% and specificity 83%, and for reader 2 a threshold > 0.82 achieved sensitivity 97% and specificity 67%. Metrics lower in nodal status ≥ N1than N0for both readers ( P ≤ .043) were mean0-10(AUC = 0.789-0.822) and mean10-25(AUC = 0.800-0.822). For mean10-25(metric with highest AUC for identifying N0), for reader 1 a threshold <1.17 achieved sensitivity 87% and specificity 67%, and for reader 2 a threshold <1.04 achieved sensitivity 87% and specificity 83%. No metric was associated with T-stage ( P > .195) or grade ( P > .215).

Conclusion

Volumetric ADC histogram metrics may serve as non-invasive biomarkers of pancreatic malignancy. Mean10-25outperformed standard mean for lesion histology and nodal status, supporting the role of histogram analysis.
Changes over time in family members of adults with mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Jones Kelly , Theadom Alice , Prah Philip , Starkey Nicola , Barker-Collo Suzanne , Ameratunga Shanthi , Feigin Valery L. ,   for the BIONIC Study
Published: October 2019

Objective:

The impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) extends beyond the person who was injured. Family caregivers of adults with moderate to severe TBI frequently report increased burden, stress and depression. Few studies have examined the well-being of family members in the mild TBI population despite the latter representing up to 95% of all TBIs.

Methods:

Five areas of well-being were examined in 99 family members (including parents, partners, siblings, other relatives, adult children, friends or neighbours) of adults (aged ≥16 years) with mild TBI. At 6- and 12-month post-injury, family members completed the Bakas Caregiver Outcomes Scale, Short Form-36 Health Survey, EQ-5D-3L, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Outcomes and change over time and associated factors were examined.

Results:

At 6 months, group mean scores for health-related quality of life for mental and physical components and overall health status were similar to the New Zealand (NZ) population. Mean scores for sleep, anxiety and depression were below clinically significant thresholds. From 6 to 12 months, there were significant improvements in Bakas Caregiver Outcomes Scale scores by 2.61 (95% confidence interval: 0.72–4.49), health-related quality of life (mental component) and EQ-5D-3L overall health (P= 0.01). Minimally clinically important differences were observed in overall health, anxiety, health-related quality of life and depression at 12 months. Female family members reported significant improvements in physical health over time, and more positive life changes were reported by those caring for males with TBI.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest diminished burden over time for family members of adults with mild TBI.
An evaluation of the skincare management of patients receiving radiotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: McAlinden Leona , Mullan Andrea , Shepherd Paul
Published: October 2019

Aim:

Breast cancer patients experience skin reactions during radiotherapy. Radiation-induced skin reactions can result in treatment delivery being interrupted. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the skincare management of patients receiving radiotherapy for breast cancer in order to inform best practice.

Method:

A literature search was undertaken using USearch and HONNI in support of the first-hand evidence gained from the supervised on-treatment review of patients receiving radiotherapy for breast cancer.

Results:

There is evidence to suggest that the skincare advice given to patients varies widely between departments in the UK with many not following nationally recommended guidelines. Studies demonstrate that there are ways to reduce skin reactions and that there are a range of effective management strategies being adopted. Prophylactic skincare has been explored to improve the resilience of the skin prior to commencing radiotherapy.

Findings:

Further investigation is required in order to clearly establish the optimum national skincare management for breast cancer patients. More studies are required to test the effectiveness and viability of prophylactic measures. Skincare guidance needs to be robustly developed and effectively promoted by therapeutic radiographers for radiotherapy patients to benefit from reduced, radiation-induced, skin reactions.
Ancient Maya Farms Revealed by Laser Scanning
Authors: Duncombe Jenessa
Published: October 2019

One agricultural network was 5 times larger than earlier estimates, and the fields may be an early source of human-caused greenhouse gas emissions.
III/V-on-Si MQW lasers by using a novel photonic integration method of regrowth on a bonding template
Authors: Hu Yingtao , Liang Di , Mukherjee Kunal , Li Youli , Zhang Chong , Kurczveil Geza , Huang Xue , Beausoleil Raymond G.
Published: October 2019

Silicon photonics is becoming a mainstream data-transmission solution for next-generation data centers, high-performance computers, and many emerging applications. The inefficiency of light emission in silicon still requires the integration of a III/V laser chip or optical gain materials onto a silicon substrate. A number of integration approaches, including flip-chip bonding, molecule or polymer wafer bonding, and monolithic III/V epitaxy, have been extensively explored in the past decade. Here, we demonstrate a novel photonic integration method of epitaxial regrowth of III/V on a III/V-on-SOI bonding template to realize heterogeneous lasers on silicon. This method decouples the correlated root causes, i.e., lattice, thermal, and domain mismatches, which are all responsible for a large number of detrimental dislocations in the heteroepitaxy process. The grown multi-quantum well vertical p–i–n diode laser structure shows a significantly low dislocation density of 9.5 × 104 cm−2, two orders of magnitude lower than the state-of-the-art conventional monolithic growth on Si. This low dislocation density would eliminate defect-induced laser lifetime concerns for practical applications. The fabricated lasers show room-temperature pulsed and continuous-wave lasing at 1.31 μm, with a minimal threshold current density of 813 A/cm2. This generic concept can be applied to other material systems to provide higher integration density, more functionalities and lower total cost for photonics as well as microelectronics, MEMS, and many other applications.
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation is a major N-sink in aquifer systems around the world
Authors: Wang Shanyun , Zhu Guibing , Zhuang Linjie , Li Yixiao , Liu Lu , Lavik Gaute , Berg Michael , Liu Sitong , Long Xi-En , Guo Jianhua , Jetten Mike S M , Kuypers Marcel M M , Li Fangbai , Schwark Lorenz , Yin Chengqing
Published: October 2019

Global-scale N-oxide contamination of groundwater within aquifers occurs due to the widespread use of N-bearing fertilizers and chemicals, threatening both human and environmental health. However, the conversion of these pollutants in active nitrogen (N) cycling processes in the subsurface biosphere still remains unclear. This study investigates the global occurrence of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in aquifers, where anammox was found to be turned on and off between saturated and unsaturated soil horizons, and contributed 36.8–79.5% to N loss in saturated soil horizons, the remainder being due to denitrification which has traditionally been considered the main pathway for removal of N-pollutants from aquifers. Although anammox activity was undetectable in the unsaturated soil horizons, it could potentially be activated by contact with ascending groundwater. High-throughput pyrosequencing analysis identified Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans as being the most abundant anammox bacterium in the saturated soils investigated. However, the anammox bacterial abundance was determined by the relative richness of Candidatus Jettenia asiatica. Isotopic pairing experiments revealed that coupling anammox with ammonium oxidation and respiratory ammonification enabled the formation of a revised N cycle in aquifer systems, in which respiratory ammonification acted as an important coordinator. Anammox can therefore contribute substantially to aquifer N cycling and its role in remediation of aquifers contaminated with N-oxides may be of global importance.
Genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic insights into the symbiosis of deep-sea tubeworm holobionts
Authors: Yang Yi , Sun Jin , Sun Yanan , Kwan Yick Hang , Wong Wai Chuen , Zhang Yanjie , Xu Ting , Feng Dong , Zhang Yu , Qiu Jian-Wen , Qian Pei-Yuan
Published: October 2019

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents and methane seeps are often densely populated by animals that host chemosynthetic symbiotic bacteria, but the molecular mechanisms of such host-symbiont relationship remain largely unclear. We characterized the symbiont genome of the seep-living siboglinid Paraescarpia echinospica and compared seven siboglinid-symbiont genomes. Our comparative analyses indicate that seep-living siboglinid endosymbionts have more virulence traits for establishing infections and modulating host-bacterium interaction than the vent-dwelling species, and have a high potential to resist environmental hazards. Metatranscriptome and metaproteome analyses of the Paraescarpia holobiont reveal that the symbiont is highly versatile in its energy use and efficient in carbon fixation. There is close cooperation within the holobiont in production and supply of nutrients, and the symbiont may be able to obtain nutrients from host cells using virulence factors. Moreover, the symbiont is speculated to have evolved strategies to mediate host protective immunity, resulting in weak expression of host innate immunity genes in the trophosome. Overall, our results reveal the interdependence of the tubeworm holobiont through mutual nutrient supply, a pathogen-type regulatory mechanism, and host-symbiont cooperation in energy utilization and nutrient production, which is a key adaptation allowing the tubeworm to thrive in deep-sea chemosynthetic environments.
The Relationship Between Tri-ponderal Mass Index and Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Youth Aged 10–20 Years
Authors: Shim Young Suk
Published: October 2019

The current study aimed to evaluate the distribution of the tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) according to sex and age and the relationship of obesity groups according to sex- and age-specific TMI with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. A total of 8,464 subjects aged 10–20 years were classified into 4 groups according to sex- and age-specific TMI: (i) underweight, (ii) normal weight, (iii) overweight, and (iv) obese. The range of the 50th percentiles of TMI was from 13.24 kg/m3 at 10 years to 12.94 kg/m3 at 20 years among males and from 12.19 kg/m3 to 12.84 kg/m3 among females. In the analysis of covariance, obesity groups according to sex- and age-specific TMI were positively correlated with waist circumference (WC) standard deviation score; systolic blood pressure (BP); diastolic BP; and levels of glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but for both sexes, the obesity groups were negatively related to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In the multiple logistic regression, subjects in the overweight group had higher odds ratios (ORs) for elevated WC (29.18), elevated BP (1.33), elevated TGs (2.55), reduced HDL-C (2.31), and MetS (8.93) than those with normal weight. Participants in the obesity group had increased ORs for elevated WC (154.67), elevated BP (2.22), elevated glucose (3.54), elevated TGs (4.12), reduced HDL-C (3.69), and MetS (25.57) compared to participants with normal weight after adjustment for confounders. Our results suggest that sex- and age-specific TMI may be applicable in the clinical setting as a useful screening tool.
Neural correlates of positive and negative symptoms through the illness course: an fMRI study in early psychosis and chronic schizophrenia
Authors: Vanes Lucy D. , Mouchlianitis Elias , Patel Krisna , Barry Erica , Wong Katie , Thomas Megan , Szentgyorgyi Timea , Joyce Dan , Shergill Sukhwinder
Published: October 2019

Psychotic illness is associated with cognitive control deficits and abnormal recruitment of neural circuits subserving cognitive control. It is unclear to what extent this dysfunction underlies the development and/or maintenance of positive and negative symptoms typically observed in schizophrenia. In this study we compared fMRI activation on a standard Stroop task and its relationship with positive and negative symptoms in early psychosis (EP, N = 88) and chronic schizophrenia (CHR-SZ, N = 38) patients. CHR-SZ patients showed reduced frontal, striatal, and parietal activation across incongruent and congruent trials compared to EP patients. Higher positive symptom severity was associated with reduced activation across both trial types in supplementary motor area (SMA), middle temporal gyrus and cerebellum in EP, but not CHR-SZ patients. Higher negative symptom severity was associated with reduced cerebellar activation in EP, but not in CHR-SZ patients. A negative correlation between negative symptoms and activation in SMA and precentral gyrus was observed in EP patients and in CHR-SZ patients. The results suggest that the neural substrate of positive symptoms changes with illness chronicity, and that cognitive control related neural circuits may be most relevant in the initial development phase of positive symptoms. These findings also highlight a changing role for the cerebellum in the development and later maintenance of both positive and negative symptoms.
A highly selective ratiometric fluorescent probe based on naphthalimide for detection and imaging of CYP1A1 in living cells and zebrafish
Authors: Ji Hefang , Zhang Xiuxuan , Dai Yanpeng , Xue Tianzi , Misal Saima , Qi Zhengjian
Published: October 2019

Real-time monitoring of the cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) activity in complex biological systems via a practical tool is highly sought after because of its significant role in the metabolism and bioactivation of various xenobiotics.
Identification of early inflammatory changes in the tympanic membrane with Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Singh S. P. , Xia Anping , Tusty Mahbuba , Victorovich Malkovskiy Andrey , Easwaran Meena , Zarabanda David , Valdez Tulio A.
Published: October 2019

The tympanic membrane (TM) is a dynamic structure that separates the middle ear from the external auditory canal.
Buchwald Hartwig diversification of unprotected halotryptophans, halotryptophan containing tripeptides and the natural product barettin in aqueous conditions
Authors: Renault Yohann J. G. , Lynch Rosemary , Marelli Enrico , Sharma Sunil V. , Pubill-Ulldemolins Cristina , Sharp Joshua A. , Cartmell Christopher , Cárdenas Paco , Goss Rebecca J. M.
Published: October 2019

Providing a tool to enhance natural product diversification, we report the first Buchwald Hartwig late stage modification in water of short peptides and the natural product barettin.
A versatile and recyclable molecularly imprinted polymer as an oxidative catalyst of sulfur derivatives: a new possible method for mustard gas and V nerve agent decontamination
Authors: Mohamed Sophie , Balieu Sébastien , Petit Emilie , Galas Ludovic , Schapman Damien , Hardouin Julie , Baati Rachid , Estour François
Published: October 2019

A reusable MIP bearing a porphyrin core is able to oxidize sulfur derivatives under heterogenous catalytic conditions in the presence of hydrogen peroxide as a mild, safe and eco-sustainable oxidiser.
High affinity threading of a new tetralactam macrocycle in water by fluorescent deep-red and near-infrared squaraine dyes
Authors: Dempsey Janel M. , Zhai Canjia , McGarraugh Hannah H. , Schreiber Cynthia L. , Stoffel Shannon E. , Johnson Andrew , Smith Bradley D.
Published: October 2019

Guest back-folding increases squaraine affinity for a new tetralactam macrocycle 370-fold in water.
Organo metal halide perovskites effectively photosensitize the production of singlet oxygen (1Δg)
Authors: Zhang Xian-Fu , Xu Baomin
Published: October 2019

Metal halide perovskite quantum dots effectively generate singlet oxygen with a quantum yield of 0.34, the highest among nano semiconductor/nano metal photosensitizers.
Outstanding catalytic performance in the semi-hydrogenation of acetylene in a front-end process by establishing a “hydrogen deficient” phase
Authors: Zhang Qunfeng , Xu Yiqi , Wang Qingtao , Huang Weimin , Zhou Jing , Jiang Yishu , Xu Hao , Guo Lingling , Zhang Pengze , Zhao Jia , Feng Feng , Li Xiaonian
Published: October 2019

Pd–[Bmim][Cl] phase was immobilized onto Al2O3 to neutralize the excessive hydrogen in the gas phase to prevent the over-hydrogenation of acetylene, thereby achieving a high selectivity for ethylene.
Ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical microRNA biosensor based on doxorubicin sensitized graphitic carbon nitride assisted by a target-activated enzyme-free DNA walker
Authors: Wang Yanlin , Xia Lingying , Wei Chongyao , Wang Haihua , Wang Haijun , Yuan Ruo , Wei Shaping
Published: October 2019

Herein, a photoelectrochemical biosensor was constructed based on a sensitization strategy of doxorubicin sensitized graphitic carbon nitride for ultrasensitive detection of microRNA-141 assisted by a target-activated enzyme-free DNA walker.
SO2 conversion to sulfones: development and mechanistic insights of a sulfonylative Hiyama cross-coupling
Authors: Adenot Aurélien , Char Joëlle , von Wolff Niklas , Lefèvre Guillaume , Anthore-Dalion Lucile , Cantat Thibault
Published: October 2019

A Pd-catalyzed Hiyama cross-coupling reaction using SO2 is described.
Stimulus-responsive nanomotors based on gated enzyme-powered Janus Au–mesoporous silica nanoparticles for enhanced cargo delivery
Authors: Llopis-Lorente Antoni , García-Fernández Alba , Lucena-Sánchez Elena , Díez Paula , Sancenón Félix , Villalonga Reynaldo , Wilson Daniela A. , Martínez-Máñez Ramón
Published: October 2019

Nanomotors based on gated enzyme-powered Janus Au–mesoporous silica nanoparticles exhibit biocatalytic self-propulsion and stimulus-responsive cargo delivery controlled by gatekeepers.
Asymmetric aerobic decarboxylative Povarov reactions of N-aryl α-amino acids with methylenephthalimidines via cooperative photoredox and chiral Brønsted acid catalysis
Authors: Li Jiangtao , Gu Ziwei , Zhao Xiaowei , Qiao Baokun , Jiang Zhiyong
Published: October 2019

This work realizes a new synthetic utility of methylenephthalimidines as a 1,2-synthon and the synthesis of valuable chiral isoindolin-1-ones featuring a 3,3-spiro-tetrahydroquinoline-based stereocenter.
Interaction of stable aggregates drives the precipitation of calcium phosphate in supersaturated solutions
Authors: Innocenti Malini R. , L. Freeman C. , Harding J. H.
Published: October 2019

Using molecular dynamics simulations, we show for the first time that calcium phosphate nanoparticles of eight formula units are thermodynamically stable and could be key in the nucleation of amorphous calcium phosphate.
Controllable anisotropic characteristics in solid solution ferroelectrics
Authors: Huang Fei , Hu Chengpeng , Tian Hao , Meng Xiangda , Tan Peng , Zhou Zhongxiang
Published: October 2019

Controllable anisotropic properties by adjusting the anisotropic composition gradients in KTN single crystals.
Rapid synthesis of hollow PtPdCu trimetallic octahedrons at room temperature for oxygen reduction reactions in acid media
Authors: Zhao Ruopeng , Chen Zhijing , Huang Shaoming
Published: October 2019

Hollow PtPdCu trimetallic octahedrons were prepared under mild conditions, exhibiting enhanced activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction in acid media.
Impact of the donor polymer on recombination via triplet excitons in a fullerene-free organic solar cell
Authors: Van Landeghem Melissa , Lenaerts Ruben , Kesters Jurgen , Maes Wouter , Goovaerts Etienne
Published: October 2019

Nonradiative recombination via low-lying triplet states is investigated using complementary optical spectroscopic techniques in two organic solar cell blends incorporating a novel non-fullerene acceptor.
How to characterize interfacial load transfer in spiral carbon-based nanostructure-reinforced nanocomposites: is this a geometry-dependent process?
Authors: Sharifian Ali , Baghani Mostafa , Odegard Gregory M. , Wu Jianyang , van Duin Adri C. T. , Baniassadi Majid
Published: October 2019

Load transfer in a spiral carbon based nanostructure–polyethylene nanocomposite.
Ultrasound and microwave irradiation: contributions of alternative physicochemical activation methods to Green Chemistry
Authors: Chatel Gregory , Varma Rajender S.
Published: October 2019

This perspective article reviews the evolution of research practices and challenges reported in the literature for the use of ultrasound (US) and microwave (MW) in greener chemical processes.
Novel electroblowing synthesis of submicron zirconium dioxide fibers: effect of fiber structure on antimony(v) adsorption
Authors: Paajanen Johanna , Lönnrot Satu , Heikkilä Mikko , Meinander Kristoffer , Kemell Marianna , Hatanpää Timo , Ainassaari Kaisu , Ritala Mikko , Koivula Risto
Published: October 2019

Submicron ZrO2fibers were synthesized by electroblowing and the effect of their crystal structure on Sb(v) adsorption was studied.
Green solvent assisted synthesis of cesium bismuth halide perovskite nanocrystals and the influences of slow and fast anion exchange rates
Authors: Ali Rana Faryad , Andreu Irene , Gates Byron D.
Published: October 2019

Halide perovskite nanocrystals of cesium bismuth iodide (Cs3Bi2I9) were prepared by a facile sonication-assisted method using a green solvent. The photoluminescence properties were tuned by anion exchange with tetraalkylammonium halides.
Experimental and computational studies of noncovalent interactions in the metal-free ternary Lys–tn–ATP system
Authors: Jankowski W. , Bregier-Jarzebowska R. , Gasowska A. , Hoffmann M.
Published: October 2019

Noncovalent interactions have been studied with the use of experimental (potentiometric and spectroscopic measurements) and computational (Molecular Modeling and DFT) studies in a lysine, 1,3-diaminopropane and adenosine-5′-triphosphate system.
Synthesis of a silica coated fully-inorganic perovskite with enhanced moisture stability
Authors: Yoo Jung Hyeon , Choi Seung Hee , Kwon Seok Bin , Kim Hyun Bin , Jeong Seong Guk , Song Young Hyun , Kang Bong Kyun , Yoon Dae Ho
Published: October 2019

Synthesis of silica coated perovskite using (3-minopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS) instead of oleylamine efficiently improved the stability. Luminescence properties and stability was characterized.
A PET-based lysosome-targeted turn-on fluorescent probe for the detection of H2S and its bioimaging application in living cells and zebrafish
Authors: Jing Xinying , Yu Faqi , Lin Weiying
Published: October 2019

A turn-on fluorescent probe regulated by a PET mechanism has been engineered for the detection of H2S in living cells and zebrafish.
A compact prospective investigation on the colorimetric recognition of Hg2+ ion and photostimulated degradation of discharged toxic organic dyes motivated by H. mutabilis directed silver nanoparticles
Authors: Das Somnath , Bera Sharmistha , Maji Anukul , Nayim Sk , Jana Gopal Ch. , Hossain Maidul
Published: October 2019

A colorimetric sensing method for Hg2+ ion was developed using H. mutabilis motivated silver NPs. The calculated detection limit was estimated ∼48 pM. The nanoparticles also work as a good photo catalyst for degradation of TB and Rh-B.
Type II non-ribosomal peptide synthetase proteins: structure, mechanism, and protein–protein interactions
Authors: Jaremko Matt J. , Davis Tony D. , Corpuz Joshua C. , Burkart Michael D.
Published: October 2019

This review highlights type II non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) proteins, which incorporate and functionalize small alkyl, aromatic, and amino acid precursors in medicinally-relevant compounds.
Immobilisation of β-galactosidase within a lipid sponge phase: structure, stability and kinetics characterisation
Authors: Gilbert Jennifer , Valldeperas Maria , Dhayal Surender K. , Barauskas Justas , Dicko Cedric , Nylander Tommy
Published: October 2019

In the formulation of an active enzyme enclosed in a matrix for controlled delivery, it is a challenge to achieve a high protein load and to ensure high activity of the protein.
Cable-like heterogeneous porous carbon fibers with ultrahigh-rate capability and long cycle life for fast charging lithium-ion storage devices
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Zhang Mutian , Liu Wei , Cui Yongpeng , Wang Tianqi , Liu Shuang , Wang Huanlei , Chen Shougang , Huang Minghua , Du Yongxu
Published: October 2019

Novel Si-doping porous fibers prepared by combining natural structures and artificial technology exhibit a superior high-rate capability.
Highly regio- and diastereoselective [3 + 2]-cycloadditions involving indolediones and α,β-disubstituted nitroethylenes
Authors: Rao Madhuri P. , Gunaga Shubha S. , Zuegg Johannes , Pamarthi Rambabu , Ganesh Madhu
Published: October 2019

Diastereoselective [3 + 2]-cycloadditions of oxindoles with α,β-disubstituted nitroethylenes: regioreversed spiropyrrolidines show potent MRSA activity.
From ferrocene to fluorine-containing penta-substituted derivatives and all points in-between; or, how to increase the available chemical space
Authors: Tazi Mehdi , Erb William , Roisnel Thierry , Dorcet Vincent , Mongin Florence , Low Paul J.
Published: October 2019

The syntheses of di-, tri-, tetra- and pentasubstituted derivatives of fluoroferrocene from ferrocene are reported. These strategies enhance the available chemical space for future applications in medicinal and organic materials chemistry.
Catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignin to produce aromatic hydrocarbons: optimal conditions and reaction mechanism
Authors: Luo Zhongyang , Lu Kongyu , Yang Yi , Li Simin , Li Guoxiang
Published: October 2019

A comprehensive study of lignin pyrolysis parameters and an in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanism.
Crystal alignment of a LiFePO4 cathode material for lithium ion batteries using its magnetic properties
Authors: Kim Cham , Yang Yeokyung , Ha Dongwoo , Kim Dong Hwan , Kim Hoyoung
Published: October 2019

The crystal orientation of LiFePO4 was controlled by using a magnetic field to facilitate favorable transport kinetics for lithium ions.
Metallic ruthenium-based nanomaterials for electrocatalytic and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Han Sumei , Yun Qinbai , Tu Siyang , Zhu Lijie , Cao Wenbin , Lu Qipeng
Published: October 2019

This review summarizes the recent progress on metallic Ru-based catalysts, including the preparation strategies, performance of electrocatalytic and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Disentanglement in conceptual space during sensorimotor interaction
Authors: Zhong Junpei , Ogata Tetsuya , Cangelosi Angelo , Yang Chenguang
Published: October 2019

The disentanglement of different objective properties from the external world is the foundation of language development for agents. The basic target of this process is to summarise the common natural properties and then to name it to describe those properties in the future. To realise this purpose, a new learning model is introduced for the disentanglement of several sensorimotor concepts (e.g. sizes, colours and shapes of objects) while the causal relationship is being learnt during interaction without much a priori experience and external instructions. This learning model links predictive deep neural models and the variational auto‐encoder (VAE) and provides the possibility that the independent concepts can be extracted and disentangled from both perception and action. Moreover, such extraction is further learnt by VAE to memorise their common statistical features. The authors examine this model in the affordance learning setting, where the robot is trying to learn to disentangle about shapes of the tools and objects. The results show that such a process can be found in the neural activities of the ‐VAE unit, which indicate that using similar VAE models is a promising way to learn the concepts, and thereby to learn the causal relationship of the sensorimotor interaction.
Performance evaluation of OFDM systems over α–κ–μ fading
Authors: Kalia Samriti , Joshi Alok , Agrawal Anand
Published: October 2019

In this Letter, the authors derive the moment generating function‐based BER expressions for binary phase shift keying and M‐QAM signal for OFDM systems over –– fading. This fading model is known as the generalised fading model because it can accurately characterise all the well known small‐scale fading models given in the literature. In order to validate the derived BER expressions, analytical and simulated BER curves for a variety of modulation formats at different values of fading parameters are also shown in the letter.