bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uma análise da organização retórica do texto “Apresentação”, extraído de cadernos didáticos produzidos para o Curso de Letras/Português da UAB/Unimontes
Authors: Maia Maria Cristina Ruas de Abreu
Published: May 2018

O presente trabalho focaliza um conjunto de textos denominado “Apresentação”, parte de um gênero nomeado de caderno didático, produzido pela Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros para atender aos cursos de formação de professor a distância da Universidade Aberta do Brasil. O objetivo central deste estudo é descrever se um conjunto de cinco textos de “Apresentação”, extraídos de igual número de diferentes cadernos didáticos, produzidos para o curso de Letras/Português da UAB/Unimontes, apresenta os mesmos elementos característicos: linguísticos, organizacionais, retóricos que evidenciam a escrita de um mesmo texto, por diferentes autores. A intenção dessa proposta é contribuir com a pesquisa sobre a escrita de textos específicos para o ensino a distância, revelando se os produtores têm conhecimento tácito sobre a organização e funcionamento desses gêneros. Para isso, elegemos a abordagem sociorretórica para o estudo dos gêneros textuais, com destaque para as reflexões de Swales apud Hemais; Biasi-Rodrigues (2005), especialmente na aplicação de seu modelo CARS (create a research space), ao analisar gêneros textuais em universo acadêmico e profissional; Bazerman (2006) que destaca o enfoque social e Miller (2012) que se refere ao padrão e à ação, conceitos fundamentais à abordagem sociorretórica. O método qualitativo permitiu a análise dos textos de “Apresentação”, com vistas à descrição dos padrões textuais recorrentes e à distinção das diferenças linguísticas e organizacionais dos textos. Por fim, ainda que comprovadas as diferenças no padrão da escrita desses textos por diferentes autores, defendemos que os textos de “Apresentação” apresentam traços regularizados na escrita, em razão de seu propósito sociocomunicativo.Palavras-chave: Gênero textual. Texto “Apresentação”. Análise sociorretórica.
Poesia e guerra: uma história de dor e esperança.
Authors: Barbosa Ana Lúcia Costa
Published: May 2018

Pretende-se com este artigo analisar dois poemas de Carlos Drummond de Andrade, presentes no livro A rosa do povo, a saber: “Carta a Stalingrado” e “Telegrama de Moscou”. Os dois poemas abordam a temática da Segunda Guerra Mundial e foram escritos entre 1943 a 1945, em seu pleno curso, tendo seu término em novembro de 1945. A literatura drummondiana estabelece um diálogo com esse tempo, trazendo à luz cenas e cenários que evocam um dos períodos mais cruéis da história moderna. É nosso intento investigar de que forma a poesia lírica dialoga com eventos históricos da Modernidade, em especial, as guerras.
Poesia e música em Píer, de Sérgio Alcides
Authors: De Carvalho Juliana Cristina
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo apresenta considerações sobre Píer, de Sérgio Alcides, ainda pouco explorada, que realiza um diálogo interessante com o universo da música. Realizamos uma análise/ leitura do livro, trabalhando também com a ideia das metáforas- conceito e implicações. Um dos autores com o qual dialogamos foi Jorge Luiz Borges, em seu capítulo “A metáfora”. Palavras-chave: Literatura. Música. Poesia. Mar.
Desafios do revisor: o uso de tecnologias em revisão e tradução
Authors: Fontes Flávia Maurício da Rocha
Published: May 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir as práticas de revisão sob o âmbito tecnológico, ao apresentar as funções e as limitações de revisores automáticos e como elas influenciam o papel do revisor profissional. A partir de breve análise de textos presentes no cotidiano, como anúncios publicitários e poemas, incita-se uma discussão sobre as limitações de correções feitas pelos programas de computador. É proposta, ainda, uma reflexão sobre as competências necessárias ao revisor profissional para que se faça um trabalho que leve em consideração não apenas as intervenções linguístico-gramaticais, mas também parâmetros como adequação às normas de publicação, contexto de criação do texto, gênero e textualidade. O artigo reforça a ideia de que o texto deve ser entendido como um processo com propósito comunicativo, que utiliza estratégias discursivas para cumprir sua finalidade e adequar-se ao meio em que circula.
Marcas de pessoalidade em documentos oficiais dos municípios mineiros dirigidos ao TCEMG: possível atuação-orientação do profissional revisor
Authors: Caixeta Romero De Assis
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo trata das ocorrências de marcas de pessoalidade encontradas em documentos cujos textos se classificam dentre os gêneros oficiais que tenham sido encaminhados pelos chefes dos poderes da Administração Pública dos municípios mineiros ou por dirigentes das entidades da administração indireta municipal ao Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Minas Gerais – TCEMG. A partir da verificação de várias ocorrências, buscamos apontar como elas se materializam no texto e quais se revelam mais comuns. O artigo funcionará, ainda, como espaço de reflexão acerca da possível atuação do profissional revisor de texto no âmbito do órgão público remetente, com vistas ao aprimoramento da redação final desses documentos.
A tradução do humor nas legendas de The Office
Authors: Campos Nathália Cristina de Freitas
Published: May 2018

Este artigo pretende analisar como é feita a tradução do humor por meio das legendas em português da série The Office e como a revisão pode ajudar para que a legenda capte o máximo possível do contexto de cada cena. Foram feitas análises sobre caracterizações de tradução, humor e revisão, apenas para esboçar o assunto rapidamente e introduzir como o humor é abordado em The Office e mais especificamente, como ele é abordado através das legendas dos DVDs brasileiros da série. Por fim, foi feita uma análise de cenas específicas, observando se as legendas conseguem ou não transmitir sua mensagem para o telespectador em um curto espaço de tempo e sugestões de maneiras que possam melhorar, para mostrar como a revisão pode ajudar nesse aspecto específico, de modo a manter a fidelidade de significado entre a tradução e o diálogo original.
Relación Entre Motivación, Actividad Física Realizada En El Tiempo Libre Y La Intención Futura De Práctica De Actividad Física. Estudio Comparativo Entre Adolescentes Argentinos Y Españoles
Authors: Franco Álvarez E. , Coterón López J. , Gómez V. , Laura de Franza A.
Published: May 2018

Los objetivos del presente trabajo son estudiar las diferencias en orientación motivacional, motivación intrínseca, nivel de práctica actual e intención de práctica futuraentre estudiantes de Argentina y de España, y conocer la influencia que las tres primeras variables tienen sobre la última. Diferentes cuestionarios validados fueron administrados a una muestra de 1597 estudiantes de educación física de Argentina y España con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 18 años. Los resultados sugieren ligeras diferencias entre los sujetos de ambos países mientras que los análisis de regresión revelan la emergencia de la motivación intrínseca y la práctica actual como principales predictores de la intención de realizar práctica de actividad física en el futuro en ambos contextos. Se discuten los resultados desde las principales teorías consideradas en el abordaje del estudio de la motivación en contextos de actividad física en los últimos años y en el marco de estudios interculturales.
Análisis de la capacidad de realizar esprines repetidos con y sin cambio de dirección en futbolistas profesionales
Authors: Yanci Irigoyen J. , Azcarate U. , Los Arcos A.
Published: May 2018

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron analizar la capacidad de realizar esprines repetidos en línea recta (RSA) y esprines repetidos con cambio de dirección de 100º (RCODA) en jugadores de fútbol profesionales. En el estudio participaron 18 jugadores de fútbol. El tiempo empleado en realizar el RCODA en la distancia de 15 y 30 m fue significativamente mayor (p < 0,01, d =1,29-4,11) que el empleado en RSA de 15 o 30 m. Sin embargo, el índice de fatiga tanto en 15 m (IF15 m) como en 30 m (IF30 m) no fue significativamente distinto entre el RSA y el RCODA (p > 0,05, d = 0,18-0,43). A pesar de que la asociación entre el RSA y RCODA fue alta o muy alta y muy probable en la mayor parte de los esprines, en el mejor registro y en el tiempo total, la asociación obtenida en el IF15 m y en el IF30 m fue baja o moderada y no significativa.

 
Optimización del pensamiento táctico a partir de juegos simplificados de fútbol en iniciación deportiva.
Authors: Corcho Busto H.M. , González Padrón C.Á. , Arrojo Sureda A.
Published: May 2018

Esta investigación responde a las limitadas acciones en el Programa Integral de Preparación del Deportista de fútbol para el desarrollo del pensamiento táctico, lo que se proyecta en el problema científico: ¿Cómo contribuir a la estimulación del pensamiento táctico de los futbolistas en la iniciación deportiva? Se plantea como objetivo: proponer juegos simplificados de fútbol para estimular el pensamiento táctico de los futbolistas en la iniciación deportiva. Para ello se trabajó con una población de 16 futbolistas masculinos entre 10 y 13 años, a los cuales se les administraron 2 pruebas para evaluar el estado del pensamiento operativo. Se selecciona una serie de juegos simplificados y se aplica mediante un pre experimento. Después de aplicados los juegos simplificados, los futbolistas emplearon los elementos técnicos mediante el diálogo con su entrenador y fueron capaces de comprender las acciones positivas y negativas en situaciones tácticas de juego. 
Patterning the spine
Authors: Harris Matthew P , Arratia Gloria
Published: May 2018

The patterning of the spine of a zebrafish is controlled by the notochord, a rod-like structure that supports and instructs the developing embryo.
Pollution of the sediments of the coastal zone of the Sambia Peninsula and the Curonian Spit (Southeastern Baltic Sea)
Authors: Krek Alexander , Krechik Viktor , Danchenkov Aleksandr , Krek Elena
Published: May 2018

The detailed environmental survey of the coastal zone of the Kaliningrad Region northern coast was carried out. The pollutants distribution in the silty clay fraction and calculation of ecological indexes allowed the evaluation of distribution of potentially harmful elements (PHEs). The sources of pollution in the most intensively used areas were identified, and transit and accumulation zones were allocated. A large area of anomalous content of PHEs was revealed on the underwater coastal slope of the Curonian Spit National Park, which is situated far from the sources of pollution. The alongshore bed load transport provides the contamination of the underwater slope whereas the beaches are less exposed to pollution.
Genetic inactivation of alpha-synuclein affects embryonic development of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, but not the ventral tegmental area, in mouse brain
Authors: Tarasova Tatiana V. , Lytkina Olga A. , Goloborshcheva Valeria V. , Skuratovskaya Larisa N. , Antohin Alexandr I. , Ovchinnikov Ruslan K. , Kukharsky Michail S.
Published: May 2018

Lesion of the dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal system is a key feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Alpha-synuclein is a protein that is a major component of Lewy bodies, histopathological hallmarks of PD, and is involved in regulation of dopamine (DA) neurotransmission. Previous studies of knockout mice have shown that inactivation of alpha-synuclein gene can lead to the reduction in number of DA neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). DA neurons of the SN are known to be the most affected in PD patients whereas DA neurons of neighboring ventral tegmental area (VTA) are much less susceptible to degeneration. Here we have studied the dynamics of changes in TH-positive cell numbers in the SN and VTA during a critical period of their embryonic development in alpha-synuclein knockout mice. This precise study of DA neurons during development of the SN revealed that not only is the number of DA neurons reduced by the end of the period of ontogenic selection, but that the way these neurons are formed is altered in alpha-synuclein knockout mice. At the same time, DA neurons in the VTA are not affected. Alpha-synuclein exerts a modulating effect on the formation of DA neurons in the SN and has no effect on the formation of DA neurons in VTA, the structure that is much less susceptible to degeneration in a brain with PD, suggesting a potential role of alpha-synuclein in the development of the population of DA neurons in substantia nigra.
Diversity and community structure of marine microbes around the Benham Rise underwater plateau, northeastern Philippines
Authors: Gajigan Andrian P. , Yñiguez Aletta T. , Villanoy Cesar L. , San Diego-McGlone Maria Lourdes , Jacinto Gil S. , Conaco Cecilia
Published: May 2018

Microbes are central to the structuring and functioning of marine ecosystems. Given the remarkable diversity of the ocean microbiome, uncovering marine microbial taxa remains a fundamental challenge in microbial ecology. However, there has been little effort, thus far, to describe the diversity of marine microorganisms in the region of high marine biodiversity around the Philippines. Here, we present data on the taxonomic diversity of bacteria and archaea in Benham Rise, Philippines, Western Pacific Ocean, using 16S V4 rRNA gene sequencing. The major bacterial and archaeal phyla identified in the Benham Rise are Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Marinimicrobia, Thaumarchaeota and, Euryarchaeota. The upper mesopelagic layer exhibited greater microbial diversity and richness compared to surface waters. Vertical zonation of the microbial community is evident and may be attributed to physical stratification of the water column acting as a dispersal barrier. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) recapitulated previously known associations of taxa and physicochemical parameters in the environment, such as the association of oligotrophic clades with low nutrient surface water and deep water clades that have the capacity to oxidize ammonia or nitrite at the upper mesopelagic layer. These findings provide foundational information on the diversity of marine microbes in Philippine waters. Further studies are warranted to gain a more comprehensive picture of microbial diversity within the region.
Avaliação de alunos de graduação em Medicina após treinamento na estratégia AIDPI
Authors: Souza Edna Lúcia Santos de , Barretto Maria Rosário Ribeiro , Nuñez Geila Ribeiro , Carvalho Igor Fernando da Silva , Souza Leda Solano de Freitas
Published: May 2018

A Estratégia de Atenção Integrada às Doenças Prevalentes na Infância (AIDPI) foi adotada pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil em 1996, sendo adaptada de acordo com as características epidemiológicas às normas nacionais de atenção à criança. Desde 1997, a AIDPI vem progressivamente sendo implantada em diversos estados brasileiros. Algumas Universidades já incluem a AIDPI no curso médico. Em dezembro de 2002, foi iniciado treinamento na estratégia AIDPI para alunos de graduação em Medicina da UFBA. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o grau de mudança no conhecimento e nas atitudes de estudantes de Medicina após treinamento na estratégia AIDPI. Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal prospectivo no período de dezembro de 2002 a junho de 2003. Catorze alunos constituíram 2 coortes que receberam treinamento na estratégia AIDPI entre dezembro de 2002 e junho de 2003. No ponto zero do acompanhamento de cada coorte, foi realizado um teste com questões referentes a temas de conhecimentos básicos em pediatria, que também fazem parte do programa do curso de treinamento m AIDPI. O teste foi repetido nos desfechos das coortes. Foram utilizados a Prova dos Sinais e o teste de Mcnemar para análise estatística das variáveis estudadas, utilizando-se o software SPSS. Após o treinamento, houve mudanças estatisticamente significativas no conhecimento dos estudantes sobre os principais sinais de doença grave, de pneumonia, de pneumonia grave, de desnutrição grave, de desidratação e do uso apropriado de vacinas. O conhecimento dos estudantes sobre a taxa de mortalidade infantil e causas de óbitos em crianças também se modificou de forma estatisticamente significativa. Houve significativa melhoria nas habilidades de orientação das técnicas adequadas para amamentação exclusiva e para introdução de outros alimentos no desmame. Os resultados demonstraram que o treinamento na estratégia AIDPI gerou modificações estatisticamente significativas nos conhecimentos e atitudes dos alunos avaliados.
Avaliação in vitro de formaldeído residual em canais radiculares
Authors: Nunes Andressa Fascio , Almeida Luciana R. , Albergaria Sílvio José
Published: May 2018

Propõe-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a quantidade de formaldeído deixado no interior de canais radiculares, quando eles são secos com cones de papel absorvente mantidos em ambiente com pastilhas de formaldeído. Cones de papel tratados com 2,4-Dinitrofenil-hidrazina foram utilizados para a captação dessa substância, e, em seguida, foram submetidos à análise por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE) para a quantificação desse formaldeído residual. Verificou-se que cones de papel expostos ao formaldeído deixam resíduos dessa substância no interior dos condutos radiculares, fato preocupante, uma vez que a referida substância tem potencial carcinogênico.
Polimorfismo de citoquinas relacionadas ao processo inflamatório periodontal
Authors: Barros Fabiana Cervo de , Figueredo Carlos Marcelo S. , Fischer Ricardo G.
Published: May 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho foi fazer uma revisão da literatura a respeito do polimorfismo em citoquinas relacionadas ao processo inflamatório periodontal e de como esse fator genético poderia estar ligado ao desencadeamento da doença destrutiva do periodonto. Foram levados em consideração estudos sobre determinadas citoquinas, como: fator de necrose tumoral- alfa (TNFα), interleucina -1-alfa (IL-1α ), IL-1 beta (IL-1β) ou IL-1 receptor antagonista (IL-1RA), IL-2, IL-4 ,IL- 6, IL-10, IL-16 e IL-18. A revisão da literatura possibilitou concluirmos que: (1) em algumas citoquinas, como IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, há variação nos resultados em relação à presença do gene polimórfico e o desenvolvimento da periodontite; (2) alguns genes polimórficos, como os da IL-16 e IL-18, não apresentam relação com a periodontite; (3) existe um enfoque relevante em relação aos grupos étnicos e raciais; (4) o genótipo para IL-1B está associado ao risco para periodontite severa, na população diabética, mas os resultados são contraditórios quando o consumo de cigarros é estudado.
Avaliação do selamento apical em dentes obturados pela técnica da condensação lateral híbrida, de Tagger e Thermafil
Authors: Carvalho Erica , Andrade Júnior Jorge , Malvar Mª De Fátima , Albergaria Sílvio
Published: May 2018

O selamento do sistema de canais radiculares é necessário para a manutenção da desinfecção obtida no preparo químico mecânico, favorecendo o processo de reparo dos tecidos periapicais. Diversas técnicas de obturação e cimentos têm sido propostas para atender a esse requisito. Este trabalho se propõe a avaliar o selamento apical em dentes obturados pela técnica da condensação lateral, híbrida de Tagger e Thermafill, mediante a observação da infiltração do corante azul de metileno. Foram utilizados 40 incisivos centrais superiores, divididos em 3 grupos experimentais, conforme a técnica de obturação empregada, e 2 grupos-controle. Os resultados obtidos indicam não haver diferença estatisticamente significante quanto à infiltração apical do corante entre as três técnicas de obturação.
Mucosite oral: efeito adverso da terapia antineoplásica
Authors: Vieira Anna Clara Fontes , Lopes Fernanda Ferreira
Published: May 2018

Os efeitos colaterais da radioterapia e da quimioterapia têm impacto determinante na qualidade de vida do paciente. Entre as complicações orais decorrentes da terapia antineoplásica, a mucosite destaca-se como o efeito agudo de maior freqüência e o maior fator dose-limitante para a radioterapia na região de cabeça e pescoço. Apesar do enorme arsenal disponível, a terapêutica no tratamento da mucosite tem se mostrado com características de suporte e paliativa, aliviando sintomas e evitando complicações outras, como desidratação, caquexia e infecções. Este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma revisão de literatura sobre a mucosite oral, com o intuito divulgar informações sobre os aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos dos tratamentos de que a odontologia dispõe no manejo dos pacientes, durante e após a terapia antineoplásica.
P300: avaliação do potencial evocado cognitivo em crianças com e sem TDAH
Authors: Borja Ana , Ponde Milena
Published: May 2018

Este estudo apresenta o resultado da investigação do potencial cognitivo P300 em crianças com TDAH, em comparação com um grupo de crianças sem TDAH. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de caráter exploratório, que estimou a latência e a amplitude do P300 em crianças portadoras de TDAH, em comparação com crianças sem sintomas de TDAH. A casuística foi composta por 56 indivíduos na faixa etária de 7 a 16 anos, 25 dos quais pertenciam ao grupo com diagnóstico de TDAH e 31 sem sintomas de TDAH Todos os participantes, representados pelos pais ou responsáveis legais, responderam a um questionário para levantamento de dados sociodemográficos, dados de saúde geral, queixas específicas e desempenho escolar. As crianças foram submetidas a testes para avaliação da audição periférica e potencial evocado cognitivo (P300). Foi observado que os portadores de TDAH possuem latências maiores e amplitude menores, quando comparados com as crianças do grupo de controle, verificando-se significância estatística apenas para o grupo de maior faixa-etária (11 a 16 anos).
Etiopatogenia do cisto radicular. Parte II
Authors: Santos Luciano Cincurá Silva , Azevedo Roberto Almeida de , Meira Thiago Martins , Ramos Eduardo Antônio Gançalves , Figueirêdo Claudia Roberta Leite Vieira de , Santos Jean Nunes dos
Published: May 2018

Os cistos odontogênicos são muito comuns na clínica diária, sendo também uma das principais lesões maxilofaciais causadores de destruição desses ossos. Diferentes células e mediadores inflamatórios estão envolvidos na formação desses cistos. Dentre esses influenciadores moleculares pode-se citar alguns fatores de crescimento como o PDGF, TGF, VEGF e o CTGF. Este artigo discute brevemente sobre tais fatores de crescimento, citocinas inflamatórias e suas relações com metaloproteinases de matriz no desenvolvimento de lesões periapicais crônicas.
Suppressor of IKKepsilon forms direct interactions with cytoskeletal proteins, tubulin and α‐actinin, linking innate immunity to the cytoskeleton
Authors: Sonnenschein Halie A. , Lawrence Kenneth F. , Wittenberg Karli A. , Slykas Frank A. , Dohleman Emerald L. , Knoublauch Jilan B. , Fahey Sean M. , Marshall Timothy M. , Marion James D. , Bell Jessica K.
Published: May 2018

Suppressor of IKKepsilon (SIKE) is associated with the type I interferon response of the innate immune system through TANK‐binding kinase 1 (TBK1). Originally characterized as an endogenous inhibitor of TBK1 when overexpressed in viral infection and pathological cardiac hypertrophic models, a mechanistic study revealed that SIKE acts as a high‐affinity substrate of TBK1, but its function remains unknown. In this work, we report that scratch assay analysis of parental and SIKE CRISPR/Cas9 knockout HAP1 cells showed an ~ 20% decrease in cell migration. Investigation of the SIKE interaction network through affinity purification/mass spectrometry showed that SIKE formed interactions with cytoskeletal proteins. In immunofluorescence assays, endogenous SIKE localized to cytosolic puncta in both epithelial and myeloid cells and to nuclear puncta in myeloid cells, while in epithelial cells additional staining occurred in stress fiber‐like structures and adjacent to the plasma membrane. Using cellular markers, co‐occurrence of SIKE fluorescence with actin, α‐actinin, and ezrin was detected. Reciprocal immunoprecipitation revealed a SIKE:tubulin interaction sensitive to the phosphorylation state of SIKE, but a SIKE:α‐actinin interaction was unchanged by SIKE phosphorylation. In vitro precipitation assays confirmed a direct SIKE interaction with tubulin and α‐actinin. These results indicate that SIKE may promote cell migration by directly associating with the cytoskeleton. In this role, SIKE may mediate cytoskeletal rearrangement necessary in innate immunity, but also link a key catalytic hub, TBK1, to the cytoskeleton.

Database

The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE [1] partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD007262.
Does the apex optimization line matter for single‐channel vaginal cylinder brachytherapy planning?
Authors: Kim Yusung , Cabel Katherine , Sun Wenqing
Published: May 2018

The objective of this study is to test the impact of the use of the apex optimization line for new vaginal cylinder (VC) applicators. New single channel VC applicators (Varian) that have different top thicknesses but the same diameters as the old VC applicators (2.0 cm diameter, 2.3, 2.6, 3.0, and 3.5 cm) were compared using phantom studies. Old VC applicator plans without the apex optimization line were also compared to the plans with an apex optimization line. The apex doses were monitored at 5 mm depth doses (eight points) where a prescription dose (Rx) of 6 Gy was prescribed. VC surface doses (eight points) were also analyzed. The new VC applicator plans without apex optimization line presented significantly lower 5‐mm depth doses over the Rx (on average −31 ± 7%, P < 0.00001) due to thicker VC tops (3.4 ± 1.1 mm thicker with the range of 1.2–4.4 mm) than the old VC applicators. Old VC applicator plans also showed a statistically significant reduction (P < 0.00001) due to the Ir‐192 source anisotropic effect at the apex region, but the percent reduction over the Rx was only −7 ± 9%. However, by adding the apex optimization line to the new VC applicator plans, the plans improved 5‐mm depth doses (−7 ± 9% over Rx) that were not statistically different from old VC applicator plans (P = 0.923), along with apex VC surface doses (−22 ± 10% over old VC vs −46 ± 7% without using apex optimization line). The use of the apex optimization line is important in order to avoid significant additional cold doses (−24 ± 2%) at the prescription depth (5 mm) of the apex, specifically for the new VC applicators that have thicker tops. A template‐based vaginal cylinder planning reduced the intra‐ and inter‐planner variations of manual generation of apex optimization line, along with treatment time.
Metallic Graphene‐Like VSe2 Ultrathin Nanosheets: Superior Potassium‐Ion Storage and Their Working Mechanism
Authors: Yang Chao , Feng Jianrui , Lv Fan , Zhou Jinhui , Lin Chunfu , Wang Kai , Zhang Yelong , Yang Yong , Wang Wei , Li Jianbao , Guo Shaojun
Published: May 2018

Potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) are receiving increasing interest in grid‐scale energy storage owing to the earth abundant and low cost of potassium resources. However, their development still stays at the infancy stage due to the lack of suitable electrode materials with reversible depotassiation/potassiation behavior, resulting in poor rate performance, low capacity, and cycling stability. Herein, the first example of synthesizing single‐crystalline metallic graphene‐like VSe2 nanosheets for greatly boosting the performance of KIBs in term of capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability is reported. Benefiting from the unique 2D nanostructure, high electron/K+‐ion conductivity, and outstanding pseudocapacitance effects, ultrathin VSe2 nanosheets show a very high reversible capacity of 366 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, a high rate capability of 169 mAh g−1 at 2000 mA g−1, and a very low decay of 0.025% per cycle over 500 cycles, which are the best in all the reported anode materials in KIBs. The first‐principles calculations reveal that VSe2 nanosheets have large adsorption energy and low diffusion barriers for the intercalation of K+‐ion. Ex situ X‐ray diffraction analysis indicates that VSe2 nanosheets undertake a reversible phase evolution by initially proceeding with the K+‐ion insertion within VSe2 layers, followed by the conversion reaction mechanism.
Corannulene‐Incorporated AIE Nanodots with Highly Suppressed Nonradiative Decay for Boosted Cancer Phototheranostics In Vivo
Authors: Gu Xinggui , Zhang Xiaoyan , Ma Huili , Jia Shaorui , Zhang Pengfei , Zhao Yanjun , Liu Qian , Wang Jianguo , Zheng Xiaoyan , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Ding Dan , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: May 2018

Fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) based on luminogens with aggregation‐induced emission characteristic (AIEgens), namely AIE dots, have received wide attention because of their antiquenching attitude in emission and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation when aggregated. However, few reports are available on how to control and optimize their fluorescence and ROS generation ability. Herein, it is reported that enhancing the intraparticle confined microenvironment is an effective approach to advanced AIE dots, permitting boosted cancer phototheranostics in vivo. Formulation of a “rotor‐rich” and inherently charged near‐infrared (NIR) AIEgen with 1,2‐distearoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine‐N‐[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)‐2000] and corannulene‐decorated PEG affords DSPE‐AIE dots and Cor‐AIE dots, respectively. Compared to DSPE‐AIE dots, Cor‐AIE dots show 4.0‐fold amplified fluorescence quantum yield and 5.4‐fold enhanced ROS production, because corannulene provides intraparticle rigidity and strong interactions with the AIEgen to restrict the intramolecular rotation of AIEgen to strongly suppress the nonradiative decay and significantly facilitate the fluorescence pathway and intersystem crossing. Thus, it tremendously promotes phototheranostic efficacies in terms of NIR image‐guided cancer surgery and photodynamic therapy using a peritoneal carcinomatosis‐bearing mouse model. Collectively, it not only provides a novel strategy to advanced AIE dots for cancer phototheranostics, but also brings new insights into the design of superior fluorescent NPs for biomedical applications.
Sunlight Induced Rapid Oil Absorption and Passive Room‐Temperature Release: An Effective Solution toward Heavy Oil Spill Cleanup
Authors: Wu Mengchun , Shi Yusuf , Chang Jian , Li Renyuan , Ong Chisiang , Wang Peng
Published: May 2018

Rapid cleanup and easy recovery of spilled heavy oils is always a great challenge due to their high viscosity (>103 mPa s). One of the efficient methods to absorb highly viscous oils is to reduce their viscosity by increasing their temperature. In this work, the authors integrate the sunlight‐induced light‐to‐heat conversion effect of polypyrrole (PPy) and thermoresponsive property of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) into the melamine sponge, which successfully delivers a fast heavy oil absorption under sunlight and passive oil release underwater at room temperature. Thanks to the rationally designed functionalities, the PNIPAm/PPy functionalized sponges possess oleophilicity and hydrophobicity under sunlight. Due to the photothermal effect of PPy, the sponges locally heat up contacting heavy oil under sunlight and reduce its viscosity to a point where the oil voluntarily flow into the pores of the sponge. The material in this work is able to rapidly absorb the heavy oil with room temperature viscosity as high as ≈1.60 × 105 mPa s. The absorbed oil can be passively forced out the sponge underwater at room temperature due to the hydrophilicity of PNIPAm. The sunlight responsive and multifunctional sponge represents a meaningful attempt in coming up with a sustainable solution toward heavy oil spill.
Binary Multifunctional Ultrabroadband Self‐Powered g‐C3N4/Si Heterojunction High‐Performance Photodetector
Authors: Prakash Nisha , Kumar Gaurav , Singh Manjri , Barvat Arun , Pal Prabir , Singh Surinder P. , Singh H. K. , Khanna Suraj P.
Published: May 2018

Compact optical detectors with fast binary photoswitching over a broad range of wavelength are essential as an interconnect for any light‐based parallel, real‐time computing. Despite of the tremendous technological advancements yet there is no such single device available that meets the specifications. Here a multifunctional self‐powered high‐speed ultrabroadband (250–1650 nm) photodetector is reported based on graphitic carbon‐nitride (g‐C3N4)/Si hybrid 2D/3D structure. The device shows a novel binary photoswitching (change in current from positive to negative) in response to OFF/ON light illumination at small forward bias (≤0.1 V) covering 250–1350 nm. At zero bias, the device displays an extremely high ON/OFF ratio of ≈1.2 × 105 under 680 nm (49 µW cm−2) illumination. The device also shows an ultrasensitive behavior over the entire operating range at low light illuminations, with highest responsivity (1.2 A W−1), detectivity (2.8 × 1014 Jones), and external quantum efficiency (213%) at 680 nm. The response and recovery speeds are typically 0.23 and 0.60 ms, respectively, under 288 Hz light switching frequency. Dramatically improved performance of the device is attributed to the heterojunctions formed by the ultrathin g‐C3N4 nanosheets embedded in the Si surface.
Static and Dynamic Magnetic Properties of Single‐Crystalline Yttrium Iron Garnet Films Epitaxially Grown on Three Garnet Substrates
Authors: Yoshimoto Takuya , Goto Taichi , Shimada Kei , Iwamoto Bungo , Nakamura Yuichi , Uchida Hironaga , Ross Caroline A. , Inoue Mitsuteru
Published: May 2018

Single‐crystalline yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films are grown on gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG), rare‐earth‐substituted GGG, and neodymium gallium garnet (NGG) substrates, and their crystalline structures, surface morphologies, magnetic and magneto‐optical properties, spin wave (SW) spectra of the forward volume (FV) mode, and damping parameters are characterized. YIG grown on NGG shows the smallest out‐of‐plane effective anisotropy field of 1080 Oe among the three samples because of its larger magnetoelastic anisotropy contribution, and its damping parameter is 1.1 × 10−3. The FV SW dispersion curve is calculated from the magnetic anisotropy and it shows good agreement with experimental data.
Intravenous lipid emulsion therapy for acute clomipramine intoxication in rats
Authors: Tsuji Takumi , Hattori Yuji , Komori Koji , Yoshida Yuya , Banno Rie , Kohno Takeyuki
Published: May 2018

Aim

In this study, to assess the utility of lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy as a treatment option for overdoses of lipophilic drugs, we examined the detoxification effect of ILE therapy in rats that were administered overdoses of the tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine hydrochloride (CMI).

Methods

Female Wistar rats were orally administered 50 mg/kg CMI five times in 2‐h intervals to examine whether intralipos accelerated the elimination of CMI in the peripheral blood. Rats were divided into the intralipos (i.v. 2 g/kg intralipos) and placebo (i.v. saline) groups. The concentrations of CMI and desmethylclomipramine (DMCMI), a metabolite of CMI, in blood were measured over time by high‐performance liquid chromatography. We then gave the animals 100 mg/kg CMI orally to examine whether intralipos could inhibit the distribution of CMI. The CMI and DMCMI concentrations in peripheral blood, liver, and brain were measured 60 min after intralipos administration.

Results

The blood concentration of CMI was significantly higher in the intralipos group than in the placebo group at 60 and 120 min. After a single administration of 100 mg/kg CMI, the ratio of the concentration of CMI in liver/serum was significantly lower in the intralipos group than in the placebo group. We also found a significantly faster elimination rate for CMI in peripheral blood in the intralipos group than in the placebo group.

Conclusion

The distribution of CMI from blood to tissue was suppressed by intralipos. Therefore, ILE therapy is a promising candidate for the treatment of overdoses of lipophilic drugs.
Microwave fixation enhances gluten fibril formation in wheat endosperm
Authors: Orenday‐Ortiz Jose M. , Morris Craig F.
Published: May 2018

Background and objectives

In the wheat endosperm, the storage proteins glutenin and gliadin form a proteinaceous matrix deposited among starch granules and when hydrated, interact to form gluten. Although the genetics, rheology, and molecular characterization of these proteins have been widely studied, there remains a lack of knowledge in the structural characterization of how they form gluten. The objective of this study was to evaluate methods of wheat kernel preparation for electron microscopy and assess how they affect the proteinaceous matrix.

Findings

Two methods were evaluated; microwave and refrigeration treatment of chemically fixed and sectioned wheat kernels. Of the two treatments, the microwave treatment induced the formation of gluten fibrils in the kernel endosperm. In some of the refrigeration‐treated kernels, protein sheets were observed. Additional protein filaments were seen directly interacting with B‐type starch granules.

Conclusions

Microwave treatment for preparing wheat kernels for electron microscopy induces a change in the kinetics stabilizing the gluten proteins in the wheat endosperm to form gluten fibrils.

Significance and novelty

To date, microscopic studies of gluten formation have evaluated flour or doughs, whereas this study evaluated gluten formation in the intact wheat endosperm. These findings can help direct future studies regarding gluten formation and artifacts in fixed wheat kernels.
Deep‐Sea Hydrothermal Fields as Natural Power Plants
Authors: Yamamoto Masahiro , Nakamura Ryuhei , Takai Ken
Published: May 2018

Deep‐sea hydrothermal vents are hot springs on the seafloor. In recent years, electricity generation in deep‐sea hydrothermal vents has been reported. Electricity can be generated through the sulfide minerals that form in seafloor hydrothermal deposits, and these minerals can convert the redox and heat energy between hydrothermal fluids and seawater into electric power. The physical and chemical phenomena of generating electricity from natural minerals provide key insights into development of deep‐sea power plants and novel electricity‐conversion materials with earth abundant elements. In addition, the new findings have established a novel concept of life, e. g., existence of electricity‐sustained life in hydrothermal vents and widespread occurrence of electron‐uptake ecosystems on the seafloor, together with a new hypothesis about the origin of life.
Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)‐Based Blends as New Binders for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zheng Min , Fu Xuewei , Wang Yu , Reeve Jacqueline , Scudiero Louis , Zhong Wei‐Hong
Published: May 2018

Polymer binder plays a critical role in controlling the microstructure of electrode composites. Compared to synthesizing new binder molecules, polymer blends combining the advantages of different polymers represent a low‐cost, facile, and effective strategy for the design of advanced binder systems. In this study, we aim to improve the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) binder performance by blending with other functional polymers, including polyethylene‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PE‐PEG) co‐polymer and poly(propylene carbonates) (PPCs). It is found that the PE‐PEG co‐polymer acting as a surfactant for carbon black (CB) can improve the dispersion of CB and, thus, result in a more uniform conductive network in the electrode composites. The addition of PPC, an amorphous polymer with good affinity to liquid electrolytes, can reduce the crystallinity of PVDF and improve the component interactions. Benefiting from the improved structure uniformity, the specific capacity and C‐rate performance of the resultant electrodes were notably improved, as compared with that of pure PVDF binder. These results indicate that polymer blending is a facile method to modify the PVDF binder and improve the uniformity and interfaces of electrode composites.
Uncommon Optical Properties and Silver‐Responsive Turn‐Off/On Luminescence in a PtII Heteroleptic Dithiolene Complex
Authors: Attar Salahuddin S. , Artizzu Flavia , Marchiò Luciano , Espa Davide , Pilia Luca , Casula Maria F. , Serpe Angela , Pizzotti Maddalena , Orbelli‐Biroli Alessio , Deplano Paola
Published: May 2018

Complex [Pt(iPr2pipdt)(Quinoxdt)] (iPr2pipdt=1,4‐diisopropyl‐piperazine‐2,3‐dithione; Quinoxdt=[1,4]dithiino[2,3‐b]quinoxaline‐2,3‐dithiolate) exhibits a remarkable green emission at 570 nm (room temperature), which is above the lowest excited state. The complex is characterized by negative solvatochromism as well as a high second‐order polarizability. Addition of AgI ions induces 1) hypsochromic shift of the lowest frequencies and 2) reversible quenching of luminescence. The corresponding Ni and Pd complexes have also been prepared and investigated to assist interpretation of optical properties within the triad. Computational studies based on DFT and time‐dependent DFT highlight the electronic properties of [Pt(iPr2pipdt)(Quinoxdt)]. The preferential site of interaction between the Pt complex and incoming AgI is evidenced by the shape of the Fukui functions, pointing to the thiolic sulfur and platinum atoms as the most reactive sites towards a soft cation. Calculated optical properties are in agreement with experimental findings. This study sheds light on the structure–property relationship for this class of compounds.
Hollow TiNb2O7@C Spheres with Superior Rate Capability and Excellent Cycle Performance as Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Guozhen , Li Qing , Che Renchao
Published: May 2018

TiNb2O7, with high charge/discharge voltage (1.65 V), long life span, and excellent reversibility has become a new anode material for lithium ion batteries in recent years. However, the inherent poor electronic conductivity strictly limits its practical applications. Herein, we report for the first time hollow TiNb2O7@C spheres, with carbon spheres as sacrificial template. The special hollow structure can effectively relieve the volume expansion during the repeated process of charging/discharging. The conductivity of hollow TiNb2O7 spheres can be greatly improved by the carbon layers uniformly coated outside the surface of TiNb2O7 spheres. Besides, the particle aggregation can be conspicuously suppressed by the uniformly coated carbon layers. As a result, hollow TiNb2O7@C spheres show a prominent charge/discharge capacity of 282.6/283.8 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.25 C (1 C=388 mA g−1), revealing the excellent cycle performance and high reversible capacity. Meanwhile, the charge/discharge capacity of 157.5 and 157.9 mAh g−1 can be maintained at 10 C after 10 cycles. The facial synthetic method can be extended to prepare various materials with volume expansion during repeated charging/discharging process.
The application of nitrogen oxides in industrial preparations of nitro compounds
Authors: Gao Xi , Peng Xinhua , Chen Kaihao
Published: May 2018

Nitrogen oxides of atomic economy are promising nitrating agents instead of common nitric and sulphuric acids in the industrial preparations of nitro compounds. This review provides recent developments of nitration using nitrogen oxides found in applied research. Novel nitration involving three classes of nitrogen oxides is described for the synthesis of organic intermediates, medicinally relevant compounds, natural products, high energy density materials, and some catalytic materials.
Bis‐Cyclic Guanidines as a Novel Class of Compounds Potent against Clostridium difficile
Authors: Li Chunhui , Teng Peng , Peng Zhong , Sang Peng , Sun Xingmin , Cai Jianfeng
Published: May 2018

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) symptoms range from diarrhea to severe toxic megacolon and even death. Due to its rapid acquisition of resistance, C. difficile is listed as an urgent antibiotic‐resistant threat, and has surpassed methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as the most common hospital‐acquired infection in the USA. To combat this pathogen, a new structural class of pseudo‐peptides that exhibit antimicrobial activities could play an important role. Herein we report a set of bis‐cyclic guanidine compounds that show potent antibacterial activity against C. difficile with decent selectivity. Eight compounds showed high in vitro potency against C. difficile UK6 with MIC values of 1.0 μg mL−1, and cytotoxic selectivity index (SI) values up to 37. Moreover, the most selective compound is also effective in the treatment of C. difficile‐induced disease in a mouse model of CDI, and appears to be a very promising new candidate for the treatment of CDI.
RNA‐Seq for Bacterial Gene Expression
Authors: Poulsen Line Dahl , Vinther Jeppe
Published: May 2018

RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) has become the preferred method for global quantification of bacterial gene expression. With the continued improvements in sequencing technology and data analysis tools, the most labor‐intensive and expensive part of an RNA‐seq experiment is the preparation of sequencing libraries, which is also essential for the quality of the data obtained. Here, we present a straightforward and inexpensive basic protocol for preparation of strand‐specific RNA‐seq libraries from bacterial RNA as well as a computational pipeline for the data analysis of sequencing reads. The protocol is based on the Illumina platform and allows easy multiplexing of samples and the removal of sequencing reads that are PCR duplicates. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
High Mechanical Strength Sapphire Cover Lens for Smartphone Screen
Authors: Lin Geng , Huang Yihong
Published: May 2018

Sapphire raised significant visibility during the past years for its application on the smartphone screen. The most prominent features of sapphire are ultra‐high hardness and scratch resistance, but as a kind of brittle material, one should pay more attention to the mechanical strength for smartphone screen application. Sapphire is fine for small size, such as watch, camera and fingerprint sensor cover lens, etc. Sapphire meets large challenge for thin and large size smartphone screen. Herein, the authors investigate the influence of the crystallographic orientation, stress and edge polishing on the mechanical strength of the mass production sapphire cover lens. Finally, the authors develope high mechanical strength sapphire smartphone screen cover lens for mass production with thickness is only 0.5 mm. The B10 probability failure value of four‐point bending strength is greater than 800 MPa, and the smartphone drop height is higher than 1 m.
Bioproduction of Benzylamine from Renewable Feedstocks via a Nine‐Step Artificial Enzyme Cascade and Engineered Metabolic Pathways
Authors: Zhou Yi , Wu Shuke , Mao Jiwei , Li Zhi
Published: May 2018

Production of chemicals from renewable feedstocks has been an important task for sustainable chemical industry. Although microbial fermentation has been widely employed to produce many biochemicals, it is still very challenging to access non‐natural chemicals. Two methods (biotransformation and fermentation) have been developed for the first bio‐derived synthesis of benzylamine, a commodity non‐natural amine with broad applications. Firstly, a nine‐step artificial enzyme cascade was designed by biocatalytic retrosynthetic analysis and engineered in recombinant E. coli LZ243. Biotransformation of l‐phenylalanine (60 mm) with the E. coli cells produced benzylamine (42 mm) in 70 % conversion. Importantly, the cascade biotransformation was scaled up to 100 mL and benzylamine was successfully isolated in 57 % yield. Secondly, an artificial biosynthesis pathway to benzylamine from glucose was developed by combining the nine‐step cascade with an enhanced l‐phenylalanine synthesis pathway in cells. Fermentation with E. coli LZ249 gave benzylamine in 4.3 mm concentration from glucose. In addition, one‐pot syntheses of several useful benzylamines from the easily available styrenes were achieved, representing a new type of alkene transformation by formal oxidative cleavage and reductive amination.