bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Deep Convolutional Neural Network Architectures for Strawberry Quality Inspection
Authors: Sustika Rika , Subekti Agus , F. Pardede Hilman , Suryawati Endang , Mahendra Oka , Yuwana Sandra
Published: July 2024

Fruits quality inspection is important task on agriculture industry. Automated inspection using machine and vision technology have been widely used for increasing accuracy and decreasing working cost. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a type of deep learning that had a great success in large scale image and video recognition. In this research, we investigate the effect of different deep convolutional neural network architectures on its accuracy in strawberry grading system (quality inspection). We evaluate different types of existing deep CNN architectures such as AlexNet, MobileNet, GoogLeNet, VGGNet, and Xception, and we compare them with two layers CNN architecture as our baseline. Here, we have done two experiments, the first is two classes strawberry classification and the second is four classes strawberry classification. Results show that VGGNet achieves the best accuracy, while GoogLeNet achieves the most computational efficient architecture. The results are consistent on both two classes classification and four classes classification.Â Â
Hardware Platform Design Analysis of K-Means Clustering Algorithm Implementation
Authors: Wahyu Wibowo Ferry , . Sudarmawan , Sulistiyono Mulia
Published: July 2024

The K-Means clustering algorithm is an unsupervised data mining technique and it has also been used widely to solve the problem in real life. This paper addresses a design analysis of the algorithm of K-Means that is implemented in the field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). These devices are integrated circuits and have a hardware platform and applied in many implementations. The K-Means clustering algorithm has a simple method that is choosing objects from data to become the center point or centroid and then assign each object to the cluster which is nearest and update the cluster means. The approach of the software can also be implemented in the hardware, but both of them have a different method in programming.Â Â Â
Optimization of Permanent Magnet Machines using Analytical Sub-Domain Model and Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Rezal M. , Ishak Dahaman , Syahirah Abdul Sani Nur
Published: July 2024

This paper presents an optimization of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) using Analytical Sub-domain Model together with Differential Evolution Algorithm (ASDEA). A three-phase, 6-slot/4-pole, surface-mounted PMSM is selected in the design with initial motor parameters which are determined from the sizing equations. Five motor parameters are to be optimized i.e. magnet thickness, airgap length, slot-opening width, magnet arc, and stator inner radius. Four objective functions are chosen i.e. to have lowest total harmonic distortions in the induced back-emf, lowest cogging torque, highest output torque and highest efficiency. Results show a good agreement between the analytical method and finite element analysis (FEA). The optimization of 6-slot/4-pole PMSM is further analyzed by comparing with other optimization algorithms i.e. Analytical Sub-domain with Genetic Algorithm (ASGA), and Analytical Sub-domain with Particle Swarm Optimization (ASPSO). It is observed that ASPSO has the fastest computing time compared to ASGA and ASDEA. Whereas ASDEA is approximately 50% faster than ASGA. The design work for PMSMs can potentially become faster without compromising the accuracy. While repetitive changes in motor parameters in finite element modeling could be avoided after applying this Analytical Sub-domain with Differential Evolution Algorithm.Â Â Â
Parametric Study on Dynamic Instability of Fully Anisotropic Composite Plates
Authors: Yusof Z. , A. Rasid Z. , Z. Hassan M. , Mahmud J. , Yahaya H.
Published: July 2024

Laminated fibre reinforced composite can be subjected to periodic loading that can cause parametric instability in structures. This paper is to report on the parametric instability analysis of unsymmetric laminated composite plate. Using finite element method, the Mathieu-Hill equation that describes the parametric instability behavior of composite plate was derived based on the higher order shear deformation theory of composite and the equation was solved using the Bolotinâ€™s method. Compared to similar symmetric composite, the anisotropic nature of the composite has caused the composite to be more unstable by shifting the instability region to the left while narrowing the region at the same time. However, the effects of parameters such as the orientation angle and the aspect ratio are similar to the effect of the same parameters on the parametric instability of symmetric composites.Â Â
Prediction Modeling of Software Startup Success By PLS-SEM Approach
Authors: Asmoro Anung , Edi Nugroho Lukito , . Selo
Published: July 2024

With the fact that the tendency of startup business fail, it is necessary to understand factor influencing the startup success. It is understood that the lack of knowledge of how to start business creates uncertainty. The uncertainty may increase the likelihood ofÂ  startup failure, which leads to economic loss. This paper aims to develop a predictive model of startup success in identifying factors and variables influencing startup success. This study also explores ways to compile and validate predefined startup prediction models in the startup business environment. Furthermore, the significance of factors and variables have also been identified to predict software startup success. The results showed that there were 18 significant factors influencing software startup success. These include the characteristics of the founders, quality of the startup organizations, support of resources, environmental conditions, performance of value creation processes, andÂ  effectiveness of competitive strategies. The result also showed that six variables contributed significantly (74.8%) in the prediction of software startup success.Â Â Â
Software Development Team Competencies to Support Software Development Project Success
Authors: Fabrianti Kusumasari Tien , Riyanto Trilaksono Bambang , Nur Aisha Atya , . Fitria
Published: July 2024

Software development projects have relatively low success rates compared to other projects. One of the causes is human factors, lack of competence from the development team. The competency of the existing development team cannot meet project needs. Therefore, this research has analyzed the list of competencies that have an important role in the software development team. The list of competencies analyzed was obtained from the results of the literature review and evaluations from 17 practitioners in software development. From the literature review, 57 competency elements were obtained in the context of software developers, which will be further evaluated. Based on the evaluation of the importance level and frequency from practitioners that mapped in the importance-frequency matrix, 24 competency elements include as a top priority (in maintaining or include (MI) quadrant) and 7 competency elements in possibly included (PI) quadrants. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for composing the right composition of the development team to achieve the success of the software development project.Â Â
Strategic Plan Using Tsukamoto Fuzzy Model and VRIO THES Approaches
Authors: Wahyu Wibowo Ferry , Indartono Setyabudi , . Sudiyatno
Published: July 2024

The advantage competitive is always being an issue to improve the capability of the institution even the higher education. So higher education needs to evaluate its capabilities in facing this issue so the higher education could determine its strategic plan. This paper aims at applying the Tsukamoto method in fuzzy logic to measure the implementation of a strategic plan that combined with the valuable, rareness, inimitability, and Organize (VRIO). The VRIO is an approaching that is capable to describe the competitive advantage significantly and the strategic plan in Times Higher Education Supplement (THES) is to obtain the ranking of the universities. The combination among fuzzy, VRIO framework, and THES is making a new concept in evaluating and arranging the strategic plan, especially in the university.Â Â
The State of Collaborative 3D Content Authoring: A Review
Authors: Timanta Tarigan Jos , Salim Sitompul Opim , Budhiarti Nababan Erna
Published: July 2024

Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) is one of the key factors to increase companyâ€™s productivity. Hence, there are numerous researches trying to increase the efficiency of CSCW implementation to achieve a better collaboration between employees. The recent trend of using 3D content demand industry to develop an efficient and effective workflow to create numerous high-quality 3D content. Hence, implementing CSCW in 3D content authoring is a crucial factor in related industry such as game and movie industry. In this paper, we investigate the state of collaborative work in 3D content authoring. We focus our observation in CSCW features currently available 3D content authoring application and game engines. Additionally, we observe recent researches related to developing CSCW application in 3D authoring. The objective of this research is to give a thorough view regarding the state of CSCW in 3D content authoring industry and the possibility of future research and development.Â Â
The Wide Range of Regression Analysis in Distance Estimation System of the Fingerprint-Based Outdoor Wireless Access Point Localization System
Authors: . Sutiyo , Hidayat Risanuri , Wayan Mustika I. , . Sunarno
Published: July 2024

The development of utilization of outdoor wireless access point devices has progressed very rapidly. Mitigation and control of the use of the frequency spectrum are very important to do so that the use of the frequency spectrum can run in accordance with government regulations. This cannot be separated from the technique of localizing the use of wireless devices. There are various localization techniques with various methods and levels of accuracy but generally, these techniques are applied indoors. Localization techniques are generally used to find the location of wireless users, not to search for access point localization. In this paper the distance estimation system from the fingerprint-based outdoor wireless access point localization system is discussed, and wireless devices working in 2.4 GHz. The distance estimation system uses regression method, and this paper aims to prove that 3rd order regression polynomial is the right regression model used for the fingerprint-based wireless access point localization. Previously this technique was applied at a distance of 0-100 meters, so this paper confirms this technique is applied at a distance of 0-1000 meters. The fingerprint is carried out in the range of 0 to 1000 meters and is divided into eleven measurement points. DataPoint consists of received signal strength (RSSfnd) and the distance of the finder to an access point that is being targeted (Dfnd). DataPoint from the fingerprinting process is analyzed by regression method and based on the results of the trendline and R2 shows that in the range of 0-1000 meters the regression method that is right to use for distance estimation system is the 3rd order polynomial regression.Â Â
Analysis of Web Server Logs to Understand Internet User Behavior and Develop Digital Marketing Strategies
Authors: Mowla Saleh , P. Shetty Nisha
Published: July 2024

With the advancement of technology and widespread availability of information through the internet and the World Wide Web, it has become possible for small-scale industries to convert and expand themselves by increasing awareness and exposure of their businesses. One of the most popular and easiest way to increase a customer base is by creating websites and thus engaging with customers online. However, with the increase in the number of websites and other available source of advertisements, it has become a need to design websites in a way that keeps the customers and viewers engaged and interested so that they return with positive expectations. One way of analyzing website popularity and online customer behavior is by analyzing web server logs with the help of web usage mining techniques to find unknown patterns and generate insights about different aspects of the website. The paper discusses a live scenario where logs of a blogging website have been mined and analyzed to better improve the structure of the site as well as understand the behavior of the viewers who have visited the site. The paper also provides recommendations on improving the structure of the website to adopt effective digital marketing strategies.Â Â Â
Power Efficiency with Optimized Power Routing and Dedicated Path Protection in Elastic Optical Networks
Authors: Chandra Jaiswal Deo , Asthana Rachna
Published: July 2024

In the current era, the power consumption increases as per increased demand. So it creates the necessity to reduce power consumption wherever feasible. Â Due to the flexible nature of bandwidth allocation and efficient spectral design, elastic optical networks (EONs) are leading transmitter of traffic data. To ensure the seamless flow of these traffic data, network survivability is the quintessential requirement. In order to achieve the high level of survivability, dedicated path structures due to fast switching time are utilized with additional backup resources. The power consumed by these backup resources is also increased. Shortest path routing (SPR) is the prominent method applied to achieve power efficiency in EONs against single link failure. Power efficient dedicated path protection with optimized power routing (OPR) in single link failure is elaborated in this paper to resolve the power saving issues. An Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model is formed to optimize the required power that needs to concern the optimized power path and power efficient dedicated path allocation. The maximum network components that are in an idle state switch into sleep / off mode optimizes required power. The evaluation results strongly illustrate that applied OPR improves power saving during low traffic than SPR with the dedicated path protection. In addition, overall required power saturates when there are enormous traffic demands.Â Â
Optimization of Parameters in WEDM Using CCF Design
Authors: P. Bharathi. , G. Srinivasara , P. Gopalakrishnaiah
Published: July 2024

The research work is to investigate the influence of WEDM process parameters such as pulse on time(Ton),pulse off time(Toff), peak current (IP), servo voltage (SV), and wire feed (WF) on response parameters as Material Removal Rate (MRR), Surface roughness(SR). Experimentation work carried out on Titanium 5 Grade work material with tool electrode as annealed brass wire.Â  Every process parameter was set at three levels and the output variables were Surface roughness (SR) and Material removal rate (MRR). Central Composite Face centered (CCF) design was used to conduct the experiments. According to the experimental results the model equations for SR and MRR were developed using multiple linear regression.Â  Modeling and optimization of process parameters had been performed with the help of model equations, level means and response graphs. From the analysis it was identified that the effect of servo voltage on surface roughness Â and pulse on time for Â MRR is more significant.Â Â
Numerical Scheme Based on Operational Matrices for Integro-Differential Equations
Authors: Singh C. , K. Singh A. , K. Sahoo J.
Published: July 2024

An effective numerical tool based on wavelets and orthogonal polynomials are presented for the solution of a class of system of singular Voltera integro-differential equations (SSVIDEs). We also presented the convergence analysis for the derivative of the approximation in terms of Legendre wavelets. In this paper, we propose a numerical wavelet and polynomial methods for solving SSVIDEs of second kind. The method is based on the operational and almost operational matrix of integration based on wavelet and orthogonal polynomials. We use the concept of operation matrix of integration to convert the main problem into linear system of algebraic equations. Some numerical examples along with error evaluation are given to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. The advantage of the proposed technique is computationally most simple, low cost of setting the algebraic equations without using artificial smoothing factors.Â Â
Design of Power Supply for RGB LED Based Lamp Source
Authors: Shetty Divya , Dave Smit , Shah Siddhant
Published: July 2024

LED lighting is replacing the conventional lighting system at a very fast pace. RGB LED lighting fixtures offer convenient options of color changes to enhance our environment. The forward characteristics of Red, Green and Blue LEDâ€™s indicate the region of control to produce acceptable level of light intensities. As the intensity of light produced by an LED is proportional to its forward current, a suitable region is identified to obtain distinctive colors and to explore the energy saving options. The objective of the paper was to provide a suitable control for dimming in the linear region as well as in the nonlinear region of the diode graph. The RGB LEDs have been powered from three push pull converters. Different control methods have been explored and simulated in PSPICE to switch the LEDs as to produce distinctive colors. Every method seems to have its pros and cons. Eventually Voltage mode control is adopted to provide control over the entire region of the diode graph which includes both linear and nonlinear regions which will serve the purpose of dimming. Accordingly, a multi-colored lamp source using RGB LEDs has been designed and the hardware has been developed.Â Â Â
Handwriting Analysis Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Sadana Tushar , Jain Monika , Saxena Rahul , Kumar Aashis , Jain Vidhyanshu , Gupta Saurabh
Published: July 2024

Convolution is the technique to blend or overlap two or more functions. This technique when provided to artificial neural networks, works together to learn the features of different categories of objects and detects them based on its features instead of the shape and edges. This helps to detect the objects even in unusual positions. Since, features of an object remains constant, CNN provides high efficiency significantly better than traditional cascade methods. CNN networks follow convolution, max pooling, flattening. These process combines preprocess the image for training and then the image is transferred to artificial neural networks.Â Â
Interactive Digital Learning Content of Healthy Food for Children
Authors: Mohamed Hasiah , Hidayah Fatihah Rohan Nur , Nur Balqis Lokman Siti , Syuhada Hasan Nur , Adilin Mohd Abd Majid Hayati , Aziz Nurulnadwan
Published: July 2024

Since past, parents facing difficulties in introducing the healthy food for their children. Usually, the children setting their mind that healthy food contain a bad taste. The similar situation also faces by teachers in kindergarten or child-care institution, in educating and encouraging the children to eat healthy food. Naturally, most of the children were more attracted to unhealthy food particularly junk food which contains high calories and sugar. Due to that, eating healthy food has to be taught to children since they are in young age particularly in kindergarten to ensure they are keep healthy. Thus, to overcome the problem this study proposes an interactive digital content of healthy food for children namely Saya Sihat. The design science research methodology which consists of five (5) phases: (i) problem identification, (ii) content analysis, (iii) design and development, (iv) evaluation, and (v) documentation have been adopted. Meanwhile, user-centered design approach has been utilized throughout the development of the proposed application since it is important for this study to obtain the optimum input from parents and teachers as well as children as the main target users. Testing has been conducted to 30 respondents in terms of the usefulness of multimedia elements integrated in the proposed interactive digital content. It was found that all the integrated elements meet the user needs and the proposed interactive digital content able to evoke the positive mindset of healthy food to children.Â Â Â Â
Structural and Optical Properties of Nd3+ Doped Lead Borotellurite Glass Containing Silver
Authors: Abdullah Mardhiah , Yahya Norihan , Kasim Azman , Fatimah Saipuddin Siti
Published: July 2024

Nd3+ doped lead borotellurite glasses which contained silver had been prepared successfully by using conventional melt-quenching method with the chemical composition of (69.5-x)TeO2-20B2O3-10PbO-0.5Nd2O3-xAgNO3 (where x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol%) and varied silver nitrate content. The structural properties had been studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the optical properties of the glass samples had been characterised by Shimadzu UV-1800 UV-Vis spectrophotometer in the range of 190 â€“ 1100 nm where the absorption peaks were obtained and band assignments of each peak were determined from the absorption spectra. The XRD pattern had been used to confirm the amorphous nature of the glass samples. There was no sharp peak being observed in XRD pattern of the glass samples which had confirmed the amorphous nature of the glass. FTIR spectra were used to analyse the functional groups that existed in the glass samples. They had revealed the presence of or , , , BO4 and the characteristics of the hydrogen bond in the prepared glass samples.Â
Porous TiO2 Thin Film for Egfet pH Sensing Application
Authors: A. Zulkefle M. , A. Rahman R. , Rusop M. , F. H. Abdullah W. , H. Herman S.
Published: July 2024

Porous TiO2 thin film with nanostructure networks were produced through post-deposition etching-immersion method. TiO2 thin film was first fabricated using sol-gel spin coating and immersed in 5 M NaOH solution to obtain the porous structure. The nanostructure network exhibit branches with the size ranging from 9.01 nm to 11.39 nm while the distance between the branches varied between 16.64 nm to 83.04 nm. From the atomic force microscopy image, the surface roughness of the porous film was 5.049 nm, as expected, higher than the un-etched TiO2 sample. The porous film was then applied as the sensing membrane for an extended-gate field effect transistor (EGFET) pH sensor. The pH sensitivity of the porous film was 19.30 mV/pH with linearity of 0.9550, indicating that the porous film also has the ability as the sensing membrane of an EGFET pH sensor.Â Â
Inhibitory Effect of 5-Aza-2â€™-Deoxytidine on Cell Viability of the Oral Cancer Cell Line, ORL-48T
Authors: M.S Rawaidah N. , S Syairah N. , H Khor G. , M. Amin I. , Harun N. , Y.P.M. Yusof M. , R.A Froemming G.
Published: July 2024

Oral cancer is recorded as the sixth highest malignancy globally. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) has been applied as an inhibitory agent in various tumourous cells. Previous studies showed that 5-Aza-dC can inverse genes silencing resulting from hypermethylation process. Inhibitory effects of 5-Aza-dC on oral cancer cell lines, ORL-48T proliferation was studied using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 -diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)-based assay in this study. The results demonstrated the treatment with 20 ÂµM 5-Aza-dC for 144 h and 40 ÂµM with 72 h respectively, revealed a significantly decreased percentage of viable tumour cells (p= 0.03). This current study provides an evidence of the inhibitive effect of 5-Aza-dC on the ORL-48T cells proliferation.Â Â
Terengganu State Decision Support System for School-leavers (TeSDeSS)
Authors: Raju Rajeswari , Nurulhikmah Syed Yasin Sharifah , Adilin Mohd Abdul Majid Hayati , â€˜Aisyah Saâ€™dan Siti , Ismail Abd Wahab Zawawi , Sabapathy Elangkeeran , Subramaniam Geetha
Published: July 2024

Year after year, the numbers of school-leavers increase significantly. Some of them continue their journey by furthering their studies in higher education. The ones that can further their study usually are the ones that know their interests and have achieved good results in government examinations, and hence are qualified to apply to government universities or tertiary institutions such as matriculation, polytechnic, and others withÂ  their targeted or desired academic degrees. But, this differs for school-leavers who have dismal grades in government examination (dropout students), most of whom just give up on their first application to government tertiary institutions. The Terengganu state government hence wanted to come out with a system that can help to minimize this problem. In this proposed research,it was found that school drop-outs from Terengganu are not aware of the existing opportunities to further their studies with moderate or low grades, and currently there is no platform that unites all education and skills institutes inone single platform. This proposed research will cater for all the identified problems, to make this research feasible, and the rule-based system will be used as the theoretical proponent.Â Â
Effect of Heat Stress on Pregnancy Outcomes in Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Akmar Nadhirah Mohd Nor Nur , Nizam Haron Mohd , . .
Published: July 2024

Heat stressed animal may cause problem to the farmers as it will drop the production performance and reproductive efficiency such as animalâ€™s fertility and calving interval. In Malaysia, farmers tend to establish an open housing system or let their livestock to roam for grazing. Slightly increase in degree of hyperthermia from the environment factor could induce heat stress in animals. Hence, the aim of this study is to observe the effect of heat stress on pregnancy outcome in pregnant Sprague Dawley rats. Upon determination of oestrous, the female rats were mated. Once pregnancy was confirmed, the rats were divided into two groups. The treatment groups were exposed to the heat treatment at 41Â°C. While in control group, the rats were maintained at 24 Â°C. The treatment was given until delivery. Once delivered, the rats were euthanized. The reproductive organs were dissected and weighted. Pregnancy outcomes were observed and were seen to be affected. There was reduction in the reproductive organs weight which were the uterus and ovary, lower number of pup, alteration of offspring sex and also higher percentage of resorption. Although there was no significant finding between the two groups, but there was a pattern in the parameter observed that may indicate the effect of heat stress in pregnant rats. Therefore, heat stress may give negative effect to the pregnancy outcomes and reproductive system in rats.Â Â
Effect of Effective Microorganisms (EM1Â®) on Microflora Population and Carcass Yield of Quails
Authors: Jasmin Ahmad Sanusi Nur-Sara , Ismail Norshida , Afiza Badaluddin Noor , Suhaili Zarizal , Kamarudin Ahmad-Syazni
Published: July 2024

A total of 240 day-old Japanese quails were used to investigate the effect of EM1Â® on the microflora population and carcass quality of the quails in day 42 through drinking water. They were assigned randomly into four groups with 60 quails per treatments. The four treatments groups were given drinking water (DW) supplemented with EM1Â® (EM) with different rations which were: i) Drinking water (control group), ii) 1L EM + 250mL DW, iii) 1L EM + 500 mL DW and, iv) 1L EM + 750 mL DW. The result shows the population of Escherichia coli in the jejunum and faeces of the quails decrease significantly (p<0.05). It was also significantly increase the weight of eviscerated carcass with the value 183.17g, 210.0g, 221.0g and 225.0g and thigh weight of the quails with the value 26.57%, 31.25%, 32.01% and 33.68% for Control, T1, T2 and T3, respectively. However, the additional of EM1Â® into the drinking water does not significantly increase the Lactobacilli population in the jejunum and faecal sample of the quails. There were also no significant differences in the body weight and breast weight of the quails. At the end of this experiment, there is no Salmonella sp. were detected. In conclusion, quails given EM1Â® are suggested to reduce the number of E. coli population in intestine and produce better carcass quality.Â
Propolis: Traditional uses, Phytochemical Composition and Pharmacological Properties
Authors: Suryati Mohd Khamsah , Elani Mat Nafi Nor , Shafiqha Abdul Khadar Ammira , Awanis Mohd Badiazaman Ainur , Rani Annisava Aulia
Published: July 2024

Propolis is a sticky material manufactured by bees to build and protect their hive. Propolis had been used worldwide for years in folk medicine. The aim of this paper is to give information about traditional uses, phytochemical screening and pharmacological studies of propolis in the world by using secondary references such as journals and articles. The traditional uses of propolis include home remedies, toothpastes, mouthwashes, creams, drops, dietary supplement, anti-putrefactive, anti-pyretic agent, antiseptic, wound healing agent, tuberculosis treatment, cold syndrome, treatment of burns, acne, herpes simplex and genitalis, neurodermatitis, anti-fungal activities in ocular and vaginal infections. Phytochemical screening had shown that propolis contains anthraquinones, alkaloids, fatty acids,Â  flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, triterpenes, tannins and volatile oils. Propolis has pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor, antioxidant and anti-cancer. Based on this article, propolis has many function and can be used in future as an alternative medicine.Â Â
Pollution Sources Identification of Water Quality Using Chemometrics: a Case Study in Klang River Basin, Malaysia
Authors: Saiful Samsudin Mohd , Azid Azman , Iskandar Khalit Saiful , Milleana Shaharudin Shazlyn , Lananan Fathurrahman , Hafizan Juahir Hafizan
Published: July 2024

The objectives of this paper are to review the status of Klang River Basin and to investigate the most significant pollutant using chemometric techniques. The extraction of secondary physico-chemical water quality data by Department of Environment, Malaysia from 2003 to 2007 were taken. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) used to identify the significant water quality parameters and Absolute Principal Component Scores-Multiple Linear Regression (APCS-MLR) was applied to evaluate which pollution source contributed the most significant from the other factors. Then, Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster Analysis (HACA) was used to find which monitoring station of Klang River provided the most significant pollutant. The result shows 9 PCs (75% of the total variance) which extracted from PCA. APCS-MLR model revealed anthropogenic activities which NH3-N as the main parameter is the most significant in Klang River. Based on HACA specified 1K16 has the highest amount of NH3-N concentration in Klang River.Â  Therefore, the utilization of envirometric techniques achieved the research objectives which will beneficial for present and future river water quality management.Â Â
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Stingless Bee Propolis from Different Extraction Methods
Authors: Basyirah Md Zin Nur , Azemin Azierah , Muslim Mohd Rodi Muhammad , Suryati Mohd Khamsah
Published: July 2024

Propolis has been used as therapeutic agent since ancient time and considered as high value materials. In order to obtain maximum yield of extract production with excellent biological activity, extraction techniques need to be established. This study aimed to optimize extraction protocol and screen total phenolic, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity. Propolis was collected from Apiary of UniSZA, Besut Campus. Propolis was extracted with 70% and 95% ethanol using different extraction methods, which were: maceration, sonication and soxhlet. Total phenolic content and flavonoid content were determined using spectrophotometric method. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH assay). Extraction by maceration at 5 days of ethanolic extract showed the highest total phenolic content of 46.68Â±2.08 mg gallic acid equivalents per g extract propolis (GAE/g). While, 70% ethanolic from 30 minutes of sonication method displayed the highest total flavonoid content compare to that 95% ethanol with value 107.27Â±4.10 mg quercetin equivalents per g extract (QE/g). The lowest total flavonoid content was 95% ethanolic extract by soxhlet extraction at 6 hours (26.71Â±3.58QE/g). The propolis extract of 70% ethanol from sonication (30 minutes) also showed a good antioxidant activity with IC50 value 11Â±0.55Î¼g/mL Trolox equivalents per g extract. Finding from this study showed the most specification of extraction methods is important to extract specific compounds and quality extract for propolis.Â
Antibacterial Activity of Lemongrass-Scented Betel Herbal Tea
Authors: Akma Suhaimi Mazaitul , Ho Lee-Hoon , Tang John-Yew-Huat , Ain Mustafa Kamarul â€˜
Published: July 2024

Betel (Piper betle) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) are well known medicinal plant that exhibit good antimicrobial properties. This study aims to investigate antibacterial potency of Lemongrass-Scented Betel Tea (LSBT). Four herbal infusions formulations (B-100:L-0, B-95:L-5, B-85:L-15 and B-75:L-25) with different percentage of betel leaves and lemongrass stem powder were prepared. These herbal infusions were tested against four foodborne pathogens, which are Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213 and ATCC 33591) (Gram-positive cocci) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922 and ATCC 35218) (Gram negative bacteria) using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays were determined by broth dilution method. B-100:L-0 showed strongest antimicrobial properties with inhibition zones of 28.5 Â± 0.71 to 29.0 Â± 1.41 mm and 10.0 Â± 0.00 mm for S. aureus and E.coli, respectively. Moreover, B-100:L-0 infusion also showed the lowest MIC (0.63 mg/mL) and MBC (1.25 mg/mL) values for S. aureus as well as the lowest MIC (5.0 mg/mL) value for E.coli. In conclusion, all four formulations of the herbal tea showed inhibitions against S. aureus (ATCC 29213 and ATCC 33591) and E. coli (ATCC 25922 and ATCC 35218). However, Gram-negative bacteria were more resistant to antibacterial effects of the herbal tea. It can be suggested that the use of B-100:L-0 would be hepful in the treatment of infections caused byÂ  S. aureus (ATCC 29213 and ATCC 33591) and E. coli (ATCC 25922 and ATCC 35218).Â Â
Effect of Probiotics (EM-1) Addition on Quality Characteristics of Quail Meat
Authors: Mohd Fadzli Bin Nik Omar Nik , Syazni Kamarudin Ahmad , Huda Nurul
Published: July 2024

The objective of the present study is to see the effect of probiotics (EM-1) used in animal fed as supplement on the meat quality of quails. The quails that been used in this study was from breed Cortunix japonica. Along the study, the quails were divided into four groups which are control quails and quails that feed with 1 L probiotics in different ratio concentration drinking water (mL) (1:250, 1:500, and 1:750). After 42 days, all the quails were slaughtered and then the carcass and meat yield of each groups was determined. Then, the meat undergo physicochemical and nutritional analysis. The value of carcass yield both in male and female quails treated with EM-1 showed a higher significant differences (p < 0.05) compared to control quails and no significant differences (p < 0.05) were showed in meat yield. Significantly higher L* and pH values (p < 0.05) in whole leg, were found when quails were fed the EM-1 (1:500). While in cooked quail meats no significant different (p < 0.05) were showed in cooking loss, juiciness and shear force analysis between the treatments. In quail meat sausages no significant different (p < 0.05) were showed in cooking loss, juiciness, folding test and shear force analysis between the treatments but in texture profile analysis, treatments 1:500 showed significantly higher values (p < 0.05) of hardness, springiness and cohesiveness compared to other treatments. Addition of this probiotics are therefore contributed to some improvements in the meat quality.Â
Further development of satellite telecommunications radio signals noise immunity increasing method
Authors: Kozelkov Serhii , Shulha Oleksandr , Shefer Oleksandr , Neliuba Dmytro
Published: July 2024

The problem of radio communication loss during spacecraft passage at hyperspeed through dense layers of atmosphere at heights of 60-120 km as result of plasma ionization shock wave formation is analyzed. As a result, this part of spacecraft trajectory is the most problematic from navigation and control point of view. A part of this unsolved problem is identified and an innovative method for solving it is proposed â€“ a method of resonant radio signal regeneration developed, which based on interaction of outer ionized layer elementary particles with artificially generated high intensity negative radiation. Technical means for artificial low-temperature plasma energy-efficient formation have been developed. A design for equipotential low-temperature plasma of high intensity, which based on near-cathode region glow discharge and depends on electrodes geometric parameters and gaseous medium physical parameters proposed. This method, in comparison with existing spacecraft radio communication methods, does not introduce changes into spacecraft external design and does not affect flight aerodynamics. High-temperature plasma shell with artificial intense negative radiation interaction simulation confirms the formation of resonant regenerative transport layer that facilitates radio signal passage through plasma ionization shock wave around spacecraft.Â Â
Deformation Modeling of Pyramidal Piles Base at Petroleum Industry Facilities
Authors: Zotsenko Mykola , Vynnykov Yuriy , Miroshnychenko Iryna , Petrash Ruslan
Published: July 2024

Utilizing the comparison of results of mathematical modeling by the finite element method and from the field and laboratory studies, it has been determined that the compaction zone diameter of the short pyramidal piles by the exponential function is impacted by the internal friction angle of a soil. Within the limits of the axisymmetric spatial problem, the task was solved in a geometrically non-linear setting. It has been proved that utilizing the 8-nodal iso-parametric axisymmetric finite elements allows using both rectangular and curvilinear finite element grid. The elements varied in shape and volume, and accounting for these variations enables determining the displacements, stresses, and described soil properties at each stage of the piles' construction (or a cone head digging-in). It also has been established that the natural soil properties and geometrical size of operating devices do not have a significant influence on the modeling accuracy.Â
The Development of Transformation Elements between the Fracture Mechanics Dependences and the Equations of the Reinforced Concrete Theory
Authors: Iakovenko Igor , . .
Published: July 2024

It has been developed a transformational element that relates the dependencies of the fracture mechanics to the calculation of reinforced concrete structures by the second group of limiting states. It is described the features of cutting a two-cantilever element including a crack for constructing an effective instrument of calculation for reinforced concrete with allowance for physical nonlinearity, cracking processes, bond of reinforcement with concrete and the effect of discontinuity. The results of development of two-cantilever elements of fracture mechanics for various force effects are presented: bending, eccentric compression, central extension, and also in the zone of inclined cracks. It is obtained a new solution to the problem of the stressed-strained state of the reinforced concrete element in the zone immediately adjacent to the crack.Â
Modeling of the Stress-Strain State of Through-Reinforced Concrete Structures with External Sheeting Reinforcement by the Finite Element Method
Authors: Storozhenko Leonid , Pents Volodymyr , Nesterenko Sr. Tetyana , Mahas Nataliia
Published: July 2024

The article deals with the research of the stress-strain state of through- reinforced concrete structures with external sheeting reinforcement by the finite element method (FEM), the comparison of the results of numerical modeling with the results of the physical experiment of testing of through- reinforced concrete structures with external sheeting reinforcement for bending and compressionÂ Â
Structure material physic-mechanical characteristics accuracy determination while changing the level of stresses in the structure
Authors: Kolokhov Victor , Sopilniak Artem , Gasii Grygorii , Kolokhov Alexander
Published: July 2024

The reliability and durability of building structures is largely connected with the determination of the physic-mechanical characteristics (PMH) of a concrete structure, their measurement (determination) is the most critical procedure. The process of measuring physic-mechanical characteristics materials is characterized by various errors, which are divided into gross, systematic and random. The influence of systematic errors is taken into account by using various kinds of calibration (or gauging) dependencies which use non-destructive testing devices. The analysis of the presented results shows that the reliability of the belonging of concrete of different series to one general aggregate is rather low. This meant that the application of tariation dependencies, graduated for concrete in one series, will lead to significant errors in the determination of PMH for concrete of other series. Therefore, to clarify the physicomechanical characteristics of materials, it is necessary to use data on the level of stress-strain state of the structure.Â
Research on Calculation Methods of Building Envelope Thermal Characteristics
Authors: Farenyuk Gennadiy , Filonenko Olena , Datsenko Volodymyr
Published: July 2024

Building envelope functional performance largely depends on the temperature fluctuation range on the interior surface. The aim of the calculation is to ensure that building envelope has the necessary thermal characteristics, which ensure maintaining almost stable temperature on the interior surface of the construction, under the periodic changes of environmental parameters. The dynamic thermal characteristics can also be used in the calculation of: the internal temperature in a room; the daily peak power and energy needs for heating or cooling; the effects of intermittent heating or cooling, etc. Exact prediction of building envelope temperature conditions under periodic thermal effects allows avoiding thermal failures. Calculation methods in the Ukraine state construction standards are significantly simplified. Currently, with return to furnace heating and other kinds of periodic heating, international standard calculation method is more important and requires revising the Ukrainian normative base.Â Â
Functional Reliability Assessment of Water Transmission Buildings of Urban Water Supply Systems
Authors: Tkachuk Alexander , Novytska Olha , Shevchuk Anton , Azizova Anna
Published: July 2024

Continuous operation of water supply systems of settlements, industrial and agricultural objects is one of the topical problems in Ukraine. The most costly, complicated and responsible for reliable water supply in modern water supply systems are the complexes of water transmission buildings, which include pump stations, water mains, pressure and regulation facilities. They are located on a large territory, hydraulically connected with each other and require an integrated assessment of reliability based on their constructive and functional indicators, as well as the normative consolidation of methods and indicators of reliability assessment. It is proposed to assess the functional reliability by constant coefficients of operational availability. They should be complied with the normative values of the operating efficiency factors. The numerical values of the operating efficiency factors for each of three categories of water supply systems in conditions of water supply reduction and limitation are determined on the basis of the present standards. The basic principles of the methodology of engineering calculations of functional reliability of water transmission buildingsâ€™ complexes (WTBC) are theoretically substantiated. The expediency and reliability of the assessment of functional reliability is confirmed by calculations. Improvement of functional reliability of WTBC can be provided by rational design schemes and efficient operation with intensive rehabilitation.Â Â
High-Strength Concretes with Use of Ashes and Slag Waste of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers for Road Products
Authors: Ahmednabiev Rasul , Demchenko Oksana , Bondar Liudmyla , Popovych Nataliia
Published: July 2024

The results of studies on the influence of ash slag from circulating fluidized bed boilers on the heavy concretes properties are presented. Portland cement PPC 500 N, sand with the fineness modulus M = 1.05, 5-10 mm fractions granite macadam, â€œFluid Premiaâ€“196â€ plasticizer were used in the studies. The studies were carried out using mathematical planning of the experiment.Mechanical properties of concretes have been studied using ordinary hydraulic presses, and in the study of freeze-thaw resistance, the dilatometric method was applied, and the water absorption in a vacuum chamber is taken for the concrete porosity criterion. It is established that with increasing a degree of sand replacement with ash-slag, the strength properties of concrete decrease by 3-10% in comparison with concretes not-containing slag. However, the use of a plasticizer permits to compensate the reduction and to obtain high strength concretes.As a result of the research, the optimal heavy concretes compositions with the use of ash slag to manufacture small products for road pavements have been determined.Â