bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multifunctional nanoaggregate‐based system for detection of rheumatoid arthritis via Optoacoustic/NIR‐II fluorescent imaging and therapy via inhibiting JAK‐STAT/NF‐κB/NLRP3 pathways
Authors: Chen Junjie , Chen Longqi , She Zunpan , Zeng Fang , Wu Shuizhu
Published: September 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating autoimmune disease that causes chronic pain and serious complications, presenting a significant challenge to treat. Promising approaches for treating RA involve signaling pathways modulation and targeted therapy. To this end, a multifunctional nanosystem, TPC‐U@HAT, has been designed for RA therapy, featuring multitargeting, dual‐stimuli response, and on‐demand drug release capabilities. TPC‐U@HAT is composed of a probe/prodrug TPC, a JAK1 kinase inhibitor upadacitinib, and the drug carrier HAT. TPC is composed of an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active NIR‐II chromophore TPY and an NF‐κB/NLRP3 inhibitor caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), connected via boronic ester bond which serves as the reactive‐oxygen‐species‐responsive linker. The carrier, HAT, is created by grafting bone‐targeting alendronate and hydrophobic tocopheryl succinate onto hyaluronic acid chains, which can encapsulate TPC and upadacitinib to form TPC‐U@HAT. Upon intravenous injection into mice, TPC‐U@HAT accumulates at inflamed lesions of RA through both active and passive targeting, and the overexpressed hyaluronidase and H2O2 therein cleave the hyaluronic acid polymer chains and boronate bonds, respectively. This generates an AIE‐active chromophore for detection and therapeutic evaluation of RA via both optoacoustic imaging and NIR‐II fluorescent imaging and concomitantly releases CAPE and upadacitinib to exert efficacious therapy by inhibiting NF‐κB/NLRP3 and JAK‐STAT pathways.
Eustachian tube dysfunction symptoms after endonasal skull base surgery
Authors: Grimm David , Daum Rachel , Castro Silva Bruna R. , Lee Christine K. , Fernandez‐Miranda Juan C. , Nayak Jayakar V. , Patel Zara M. , Hwang Peter H. , Chang Michael T.
Published: September 2023

Key Points

ETD symptoms are present in 16% patients with underlying skull base pathology.

Preoperative ETD symptoms improve following surgical treatment of skull base pathology.

ETD symptoms may worsen in patients with central, posterior, or malignant skull base pathology.
S‐Block Potassium Single‐atom Electrocatalyst with K−N4 Configuration Derived from K+/Polydopamine for Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Guo Niankun , Xue Hui , Ren Rui , Sun Jing , Song Tianshan , Dong Hongliang , Zhao Zhonglong , Zhang Jiangwei , Wang Qin , Wu Limin
Published: September 2023

Currently, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) research mainly focuses on transition metal atoms as active centers. Due to their delocalized s/p‐bands, the s‐block main group metal elements are typically regarded as catalytically inert. Herein, an s‐block potassium SAC (K−N−C) with K‐N4 configuration is reported for the first time, which exhibits excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and stability under alkaline conditions. Specifically, the half‐wave potential (E1/2) is up to 0.908 V, and negligible changes in E1/2 are observed after 10,000 cycles. In addition, the K−N−C offers an exceptional power density of 158.1 mW cm−2 and remarkable durability up to 420 h in a Zn‐air battery. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations show that K−N−C has bifunctional active K and C sites, can optimize the free energy of ORR reaction intermediates, and adjust the rate‐determining steps. The crystal orbital Hamilton population (COHP) results showed that the s orbitals of K played a major role in the adsorption of intermediates, which was different from the d orbitals in transition metals. This work significantly guides the rational design and catalytic mechanism research of s‐block SACs with high ORR activity.
Poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline)‐Ladder‐Type Two‐Dimensional Conjugated Covalent Organic Framework for Fast Proton Storage**
Authors: Wang Mingchao , Wang Gang , Naisa Chandrasekhar , Fu Yubin , Gali Sai Manoj , Paasch Silvia , Wang Mao , Wittkaemper Haiko , Papp Christian , Brunner Eike , Zhou Shengqiang , Beljonne David , Steinrück Hans‐Peter , Dong Renhao , Feng Xinliang
Published: September 2023

Electrochemical proton storage plays an essential role in designing next‐generation high‐rate energy storage devices, e.g., aqueous batteries. Two‐dimensional conjugated covalent organic frameworks (2D c‐COFs) are promising electrode materials, but their competitive proton and metal‐ion insertion mechanisms remain elusive, and proton storage in COFs is rarely explored. Here, we report a perinone‐based poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL)‐ladder‐type 2D c‐COF for fast proton storage in both a mild aqueous Zn‐ion electrolyte and strong acid. We unveil that the discharged C−O− groups exhibit largely reduced basicity due to the considerable π‐delocalization in perinone, thus affording the 2D c‐COF a unique affinity for protons with fast kinetics. As a consequence, the 2D c‐COF electrode presents an outstanding rate capability of up to 200 A g−1 (over 2500 C), surpassing the state‐of‐the‐art conjugated polymers, COFs, and metal–organic frameworks. Our work reports the first example of pure proton storage among COFs and highlights the great potential of BBL‐ladder‐type 2D conjugated polymers in future energy devices.
Icosidodecahedral Coordination‐Saturated Cuprofullerene
Authors: Zhan Shun‐Ze , Liu Yu‐Li , Cai Hong , Li Ming‐De , Huang Qibin , Wang Xu‐Dong , Li Mian , Dang Li , Ng Seik Weng , Lu Weigang , Li Dan
Published: September 2023

The first coordination‐saturated buckyball with a C60 molecule totally encased in an icosidodecahedral Cu30 in a (μ30‐(η2)30)‐fashion, namely C60@Cu30@Cl36N12, has been successfully realized by a C60‐templated assembly. The 48 outmost coordinating atoms (36Cl+12N) comprise a new simple polyhedron that is described by a ccf topology. Charge transfer from (CuI, Cl) to C60 explains the expansion of the light absorption up to 700 nm, and accounts for an ultrafast photophysical process that underpins its high photothermal conversion efficiency. This work makes a giant step forward in exohedral metallofullerene (ExMF) chemistry.
See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil: assessing complex trauma in young children
Authors: Brand Matthew
Published: September 2023

Complex trauma generally refers to a child's exposure to multiple traumatic events often within the context of an interpersonal relationship. Childhood traumatic events are commonplace and can have significant implications for physical and mental health. However, traumatic events are often not assessed by clinicians involved in their care. This paper outlines an approach to assessing complex trauma in young children in clinical settings. This approach involves an initial interview, an assessment of traumatic events and trauma symptoms in the child, an assessment of the parent–child interaction, an understanding of the child's functioning in multiple settings, and an assessment of parental trauma where relevant. Complex trauma takes time to assess and is dependent on the parent's ability to recognise and acknowledge the effect trauma has had. The paper concludes with some of the challenges when assessing complex trauma in young children in clinical settings.
Investigation of interdiffusion between compatible polymers under static and co‐extrusion processing conditions
Authors: Leimhofer Claudia , Hammer Alexander , Roland Wolfgang , Dollberger Saskia , Ehrmann Timo , Berger‐Weber Gerald , Hild Sabine
Published: September 2023

When two compatible polymer melts are brought into contact, a diffuse interphase is formed that governs the adhesion between them. The degree of interdiffusion is defined mainly by the processing conditions and the physico‐chemical properties of the materials. Despite the great industrial relevance of co‐extrusion in manufacturing multilayer structures, little research has dealt with interdiffusion under these processing conditions, where polymer‐polymer interfaces are subject to shear load. In this work, procedures for investigating interdiffusion both under static and real co‐extrusion flow conditions were developed. Using various grades of poly(methyl methacrylate) and styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile copolymer, we studied both theoretically and experimentally the effects of interfacial contact time, temperature, material compatibility, and interfacial shear stress on interdiffusion. Spectroscopic analysis of the interfaces using confocal Raman microscopy showed that the general relationships between interdiffusion, time (Fick's law) and temperature (Arrhenius relationship) are identical under both static and co‐extrusion conditions. However, the interdiffusion rate is significantly higher under shear influence. Since the prediction of the interdiffusion process supports material selection and process design in multilayer manufacturing, a simple analytical model was developed to quantify the effects of aforementioned material properties and processing conditions on the apparent mutual interdiffusion coefficient.
Development of a centrifugal bioreactor for rapid expansion of CD8 cytotoxic T cells for use in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Kaiphanliam Kitana M. , Fraser‐Hevlin Brenden , Barrow Eric S. , Davis William C. , Van Wie Bernard J.
Published: September 2023

One of the current difficulties limiting the use of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) for cancer treatment is the lack of methods for rapidly expanding T cells. As described in the present report, we developed a centrifugal bioreactor (CBR) that may resolve this manufacturing bottleneck. The CBR operates in perfusion by balancing centrifugal forces with a continuous feed of fresh medium, preventing cells from leaving the expansion culture chamber while maintaining nutrients for growth. A bovine CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cell line specific for an autologous target cell infected with a protozoan parasite, Theileria parva, was used to determine the efficacy of the CBR for ACT purposes. Batch culture experiments were conducted to predict how CTLs respond to environmental changes associated with consumption of nutrients and production of toxic metabolites, such as ammonium and lactate. Data from these studies were used to develop a kinetic growth model, allowing us to predict CTL growth in the CBR and determine the optimal operating parameters. The model predicts the maximum cell density the CBR can sustain is 5.5 × 107 cells/mL in a single 11‐mL conical chamber with oxygen being the limiting factor. Experimental results expanding CTLs in the CBR are in 95% agreement with the kinetic model. The prototype CBR described in this report can be used to develop a CBR for use in cancer immunotherapy.
Morphologic variations of the superior intercostal vein: An anatomical study with clinical applications
Authors: Liu Hong‐Fu , Xiong Yan‐Lian , Kim In‐Beom , Won Hyung‐Sun , Jin Chang‐Zhu
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to validate and compare the anatomical variations of the superior intercostal veins, focusing on their origin, course, anastomoses, and destination. In addition, the results were compared with findings from other relevant studies. Fifty Korean and 16 Chinese adult cadavers were dissected for this study. The superior intercostal veins were dissected and measured. In our study of 66 specimens, the right superior intercostal vein was observed in 92.3% of cases, while the left superior intercostal vein was observed in 50%. The right superior intercostal vein was subdivided into six types based on its composition, which mainly drained the second and third right posterior intercostal veins. Similarly, the left superior intercostal vein was subdivided into eight types, primarily involving the second to fourth left posterior intercostal veins. This detailed anatomical study successfully identified and classified the various morphologic types of the superior intercostal vein and reviewed the clinical significance of this vein. The findings of this study can offer valuable anatomical evidence to physicians, aiding in their understanding and utilization of the superior intercostal vein.
An interpretable deep learning framework for predicting liver metastases in postoperative colorectal cancer patients using natural language processing and clinical data integration
Authors: Li Jia , Wang Xinghao , Cai Linkun , Sun Jing , Yang Zhenghan , Liu Wenjuan , Wang Zhenchang , Lv Han
Published: September 2023

Background

The significance of liver metastasis (LM) in increasing the risk of death for postoperative colorectal cancer (CRC) patients necessitates innovative approaches to predict LM.

Aim

Our study presents a novel and significant contribution by developing an interpretable fusion model that effectively integrates both free‐text medical record data and structured laboratory data to predict LM in postoperative CRC patients.

Methods

We used a robust dataset of 1463 patients and leveraged state‐of‐the‐art natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning techniques to construct a two‐layer fusion framework that demonstrates superior predictive performance compared to single modal models. Our innovative two‐tier algorithm fuses the results from different data modalities, achieving balanced prediction results on test data and significantly enhancing the predictive ability of the model. To increase interpretability, we employed Shapley additive explanations to elucidate the contributions of free‐text clinical data and structured clinical data to the final model. Furthermore, we translated our findings into practical clinical applications by creating a novel NLP score‐based nomogram using the top 13 valid predictors identified in our study.

Results

The proposed fusion models demonstrated superior predictive performance with an accuracy of 80.8%, precision of 80.3%, recall of 80.5%, and an F1 score of 80.8% in predicting LMs.

Conclusion

This fusion model represents a notable advancement in predicting LMs for postoperative CRC patients, offering the potential to enhance patient outcomes and support clinical decision‐making.
OGD/R‐induced ferroptosis and pyroptosis in retinal pigment epithelium cells: Role of PLD1 and PLD2 modulation
Authors: Park Sun Young , Kang He Mi , Park Geuntae , Oh Jin‐Woo , Choi Young‐Whan
Published: September 2023

This study investigated the role of phospholipase D (PLD) in retinal ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury using an oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model commonly used in retinal I/R injury research. To create an in vitro cellular I/R model, pharmacological inhibitors and small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used to target PLD1 and PLD2 in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Treatment with PLD inhibitors and siRNA reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) induced by OGD/R in RPE cells and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), indicating a reduction in oxidative damage and improvement in the antioxidant system. Next, we showed that inhibiting PLD1 or PLD2 reduced intracellular iron levels and lipid peroxidation, which are critical factors in ferroptosis. Additionally, PLD1 and PLD2 modulated the expression of proteins involved in the regulation of ferroptosis, including GPX4, SLC7A11, FTH1, and ACSL4. We also investigated the roles of PLD1 and PLD2 in preventing pyroptosis, another form of programmed cell death associated with inflammation. Our study found that OGD/R significantly increased the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and activated caspase‐1, NLRP3, ASC, cleaved‐caspase 1 (C‐caspase‐1), and GSDMD‐N in RPE cells, indicating pyroptosis induction. However, PLD1 and PLD2 inhibition or knockdown significantly inhibited the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, Taken together, our findings support the hypothesis that the PLD signaling pathway plays a key role in OGD/R‐induced ferroptosis and pyroptosis induction and may be a potential therapeutic target for preventing or treating retinal dysfunction and degeneration.
Screening of Cu4O3 NPs efficacy and its anticancer potential against cervical cancer
Authors: Zughaibi Torki A. , Jabir Nasimudeen R. , Khan Azhar U. , Khan Mohd Shahnawaz , Tabrez Shams
Published: September 2023

Cu4O3 is the least explored copper oxide, and its nanoformulation is anticipated to have important therapeutic potential especially against cancer. The current study aimed to biosynthesize Cu4O3 nanoparticles (NPs) using an aqueous extract of pumpkin seeds and evaluate its antiproliferative efficacy against cervical cells after screening on different cancer cell lines. The obtained NPs were characterized by different spectroscopic analyses, such as UV‐vis, thermogravimetric, energy dispersive X‐ray, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopes (HR‐TEM) were used to observe the morphology of the biosynthesized NPs. The UV‐vis spectra showed a peak at around 332 nm, confirming the formation of Cu4O3 NPs. Moreover, FTIR and TAG analyses identified the presence of various bioactive phytoconstituents that might have worked as capping and stabilization agents and comparative stable NPs at very high temperatures, respectively. The HR‐TEM data showed the spherical shape of Cu4O3 NPs in the range of 100 nm. The Cu4O3 NPs was screened on three different cancer cell lines viz., Hela, MDA‐MB‐231, and HCT‐116 using cytotoxicity (MTT) reduction assay. In addition, Vero was taken as a normal epithelial (control) cell. The high responsive cell line in terms of least IC50 was further assessed for its anticancer potential using a battery of biological tests, including morphological alterations, induction of apoptosis/ROS generation, regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and suppression of cell adhesion/migration. Vero cells (control) showed a slight decline in % cell viability even at the highest tested Cu4O3 NPs concentration. However, all the studied cancer cells viz., MDA‐MB‐231, HCT 116, and HeLa cells showed a dose‐dependent decline in cell viability after the treatment with Cu4O3 NPs with a calculated IC50 value of 10, 11, and 7.2 µg/mL, respectively. Based on the above data, Hela cells were chosen for further studies, that showed induction of apoptosis from 3.5 to 9‐folds by three different staining techniques acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB), 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI), and propidium iodide (PI). The enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (>3.5‐fold), modulation in MMP, and suppression of cell adhesion/migration were observed in the cells treated with Cu4O3 NPs. The current study obtained the significant antiproliferative potential of Cu4O3 NPs against the cervical cancer cell line, which needs to be confirmed further in a suitable in vivo model. Based on our results, we also recommend the green‐based, eco‐friendly, and cost‐effective alternative method for synthesizing novel nanoformulation.
Acute infantile liver failure syndrome type 2 in a 2.5‐year‐old boy: A case report
Authors: Shabani‐Mirzaee Hosein , Sayarifard Fatemeh , Malekiantaghi Armen , Eftekhari Kambiz
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

Infantile liver failure type 2 is described as repeated attacks of liver dysfunction with remission. This syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any child with symptoms of recurrent hepatic encephalopathy.

Infantile liver failure syndrome 2 is described as recurrent attacks of liver dysfunction. ILFS2 should be included in the differential diagnosis of children with frequent and acute liver failure. We present a 2.5‐year‐old boy with clinical manifestation of acute liver failure. In past, he had two similar attacks.
Bis(N‐Heterocyclic Carbene) Manganese(I) Complexes in Catalytic N‐Formylation/N‐Methylation of Amines Using Carbon Dioxide and Phenylsilane
Authors: Masaro Chiara , Meloni Giammarco , Baron Marco , Graiff Claudia , Tubaro Cristina , Royo Beatriz
Published: September 2023

A series of six Mn(I) complexes with general formula [MnBr(bisNHC)(CO)3], having a bidentate bis(N‐heterocyclic carbene) ligand (bisNHC), has been developed by varying the bridging group between the NHC donors, the nitrogen wingtip substituents and the heterocyclic ring. The synthesis of the complexes has been accomplished by in situ transmetalation of the bisNHC from the corresponding silver(I) complexes. Removal of the bromide anion affords the corresponding solvento complexes [Mn(bisNHC)(CO)3(CH3CN)](BF4). The influence of the bisNHC structure on its electron donor ability has been evaluated by FTIR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, both in the neutral and cationic complexes. Finally, the isolated Mn(I)‐bisNHC complexes have been employed as homogeneous catalysts in the reductive N‐formylation and N‐methylation of amines with CO2 as C1 source and phenylsilane as reducing agent, showing a high selectivity for the N‐methylated product. Preliminary mechanistic investigations suggest that, in the adopted reaction conditions, the formylated product can be formed via different reaction pathways, either metal‐catalyzed or not, while the methylation reaction requires the use of the Mn(I) catalyst.
Highly Flexible and Self‐Healing Supercapacitor Enabled by Physically Crosslinking Polymer Hydrogel Electrolyte
Authors: Hua Kaihao , Xin Qing , Lin Jun , Liang Shangqing , Yang Guoqing
Published: September 2023

Preparation of flexible supercapacitors with excellent mechanical properties and self‐healing properties is of great significance but still remains a challenge. A self‐healable conductive hydrogel based on poly N‐hydroxyethyl acrylamide (PHEAA) is fabricated as electrolyte for supercapacitors. The design of the physically cross‐linked dual network, and rich hydrogen bonds endow the hydrogel with robust mechanical properties and strong self‐healing ability. The hydrogel exhibited an excellent stretchability (723 %) and a high ionic conductivity (21.8 mS/cm). Specially, by in situ growth of electrode film, a non‐laminated supercapacitor is obtained with flexibility and self‐healing ability. Due to the non‐laminated structure, the supercapacitor can work stably under bending and punching. The supercapacitor possessed an areal capacitance of 253.1 mF/cm2 and the capacitance retention was 80 % after five cutting‐healing cycles. The pseudo‐capacitance contribution of the supercapacitor after self‐healing was discussed. It is noteworthy that the supercapacitor maintains the ability to power a clock after self‐healing.
Acidic Electrocatalytic Semihydrogenation of Alkynols to Alkenols on Copper Phosphide at Industrial‐Level Current Density
Authors: Yang Sanyin , Bu Jun , Bai Rui , Lin Jin , An Siying , Wu Yafei , Guo Ying , Gao Jie , Zhang Jian
Published: September 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Alkenols are important intermediates for the industrial manufacture of various commodities and fine chemicals. At present, alkenols are produced via thermocatalytic semihydrogenation of corresponding alkynols using precious metal Pd‐based catalysts in pressurized hydrogen atmosphere. In this work, we highlight an efficient electrocatalytic strategy for selectively reducing alkynols to alkenols under ambient conditions. Using 2‐methyl‐3‐butyn‐2‐ol as a model alkynol, Cu3P nanoarrays anchored on Cu foam remarkably deliver an industrial‐level partial current density of 0.79 A·cm–2 and a specific selectivity of 98% for 2‐methyl‐3‐buten‐2‐ol in acidic solution. Over a 40‐runs stability test, Cu3P nanoarrays maintain 90% alkynol conversion and 90% alkenol selectivity. Even in a large two‐electrode flow electrolyser, the single‐pass alkynol conversion and alkenol selectivity of Cu3P nanoarrays exceed 90%. Moreover, this selective electrocatalytic hydrogenation approach is broadly feasible for the production of various water‐soluble alkenols. Electrochemical analyses, theoretical simulation and electrochemical in‐situ infrared investigations together reveal that exothermic alkynol hydrogenation, facile alkenol desorption and formation of active H on Cu3P surfaces account for the excellent electrocatalytic performance.
Machine learning‐based regional flood frequency analysis of Indian watersheds
Authors: Mangukiya Nikunj K. , Kumar Abhishek , Sharma Ashutosh
Published: September 2023

Estimates of the flood quantile for ungauged watersheds are crucial for water resources management but challenging due to the nonlinear complex hydrological system. For ungauged watersheds, estimating flood quantiles relies on various interdependent physiometeorological variables, many of which are not adequately considered in regional flood frequency analysis (RFFA). In this study, we utilized the random forest (RF) and support vector regression (SVR) algorithms, which can learn the nonlinear relationship between the physiometeorological variables and flood quantiles for RFFA. Thirteen physiometeorological variables that were not collectively employed before were used to estimate the 10‐year, 50‐year, and 100‐year return period flood quantiles (Q10, Q50, and Q100), respectively, for 39 watersheds spread across India. The RF and SVR models were trained on 29 (75%) watersheds to estimate individual flood quantiles and were subsequently tested on the remaining ten (25%) ungauged watersheds. The R2 achieved by RF is 0.862, 0.813, and 0.845, and SVR is 0.807, 0.793, and 0.789 for Q10, Q50, and Q100, respectively. Overall, the results indicate that RF can effectively learn the nonlinear relationships, while SVR with a linear kernel requires further improvement to estimate reliable flood quantiles. The study demonstrates that machine learning algorithms, with appropriate physiometeorological input datasets, can be used to estimate flood quantiles even in the sparse data region.
Screening Campaign and Docking Investigations in Identifying New Hit Compounds as Inhibitors of Human Carbonic Anhydrases Expressed In Tumour Cells
Authors: Ricci Federico , Angeli Andrea , Mancuso Francesca , De Luca Laura , Supuran Claudiu T. , Gitto Rosaria
Published: September 2023

The tumor‐expressed human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoforms hCA IX and hCA XII have been extensively studied to develop anticancer agents targeting solid tumors in combined therapy. These CA  isoforms are considered key factors in controlling tumor microenvironment (TME) of cancer lines that develop high metastatic activity. Herein, we report the discovery of potent hCA IX/hCA XII inhibitors that were disclosed through a screening campaign on an in‐house collection of arylsulfonamides preliminary tested toward other hCAs. Among them, the N‐(4‐sulfamoylphenyl)naphthalene‐2‐carboxamide (12) and N‐(4‐sulfamoylphenyl)‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline‐2(1H)‐carbothioamide (15) proved to be the most intriguing hCA IX/hCA XII inhibitors displaying favourable selectivity ratios over widespread hCA I and hCA II isoforms. To explore their binding mode, we conducted docking studies that described the poses of the best inhibitors in the catalytic site of hCA IX and hCA XII, thus suggesting the privileged pattern of interactions. These structural findings might further improve the knowledge for a successful identification of new sulfonamides as adjuvant agents in cancer management.
Clinician perspectives on patient‐centered conversations about weight management with patients with early breast cancer
Authors: Nyrop Kirsten A. , Kelly Erin A. , Teal Randall , Muss Hyman B. , Charlot Marjory
Published: September 2023

Background

The aim of this study is to gather detailed insights from breast cancer (BC) clinicians on how to have patient‐centered conversations about weight and weight management with women diagnosed with early BC. A high body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for female BC, and many women diagnosed with BC experience unhealthy weight gain after their primary treatment. The oncology team has the opportunity to discuss the importance of healthy weight for BC prognosis and survival.

Methods

The sample of community‐based BC clinicians included the following: three Black clinicians, three White clinicians, and two clinicians who were neither Black nor White; six females and two males; and six MDs and two physician assistants or nurse practitioners. Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with these clinicians regarding their experience with and insights into having healthy weight conversations during routine clinic visits.

Results

Clinicians noted that weight‐related conversations should focus less on BMI and weight loss and more on “healthy behavior.” Clinicians looked for cues from their patients as to when they were ready for “healthy weight” counseling, receptive to diet/nutrition counseling and referrals, and ready to attempt behavioral change. Clinicians noted that encouraging physical activity could be especially challenging with patients accustomed to a sedentary lifestyle.

Conclusions

Clinic‐based conversations about healthy weight are likely to be most productive for both patients and their treating oncologists during the post–primary treatment phase when patients are most receptive to behavioral change that enhances their prognosis and survival.
NUT carcinoma of the submandibular gland: A case report
Authors: Rota Simone , Quattrone Pasquale , Centonze Giovanni , Dagrada Gianpaolo , Ottini Arianna , Colombo Elena , Nuzzolese Imperia , Calareso Giuseppina , Franceschini Marzia , Iacovelli Nicola Alessandro , Perrone Federica , Tamborini Elena , Cavalieri Stefano
Published: September 2023

Background

NUT carcinoma (NUTc) is a rare and aggressive malignant epithelial tumor characterized by rearrangement of the NUT gene on chromosome 15q14.

Methods

In this article, we present the fifth case worldwide of a young woman affected by a NUTc arising from a submandibular gland, presenting as a rapidly evolving mass. She underwent a right scialoadenectomy and received the initial diagnosis of high‐grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Due to evidence of local recurrence at magnetic resonance imaging 1 month later, a subsequent right radical neck dissection was performed. The patient then sought a second opinion at our cancer center and finally received the correct diagnosis of NUT carcinoma. Given the well‐known aggressive behavior of this neoplasm, as well as clinical and radiological features, she underwent adjuvant chemo‐radiation (intensity‐modulated radiotherapy + concurrent chemotherapy with cisplatin).

Results

After a disease‐free interval of 2.6 months, a widespread metastatic disease led to rapid deterioration of performance status and patient death in a few weeks after metastatic onset.

Conclusions

We presented a case of NUTc arising from salivary gland aiming to improve the knowledge of this rare malignancy. First, we pointed out that in the setting of rare tumors like salivary gland cancers, the diagnosis should be obtained by expert pathologists, and patients should be referred to tertiary cancer centers for their clinical management. Second, molecular profiling may help to identify possible druggable targets that may be exploited to treat patients suffering from this aggressive malignancy. Sharing the molecular data provided in this case will be useful for further research.
A scaling limit of the parabolic Anderson model with exclusion interaction
Authors: Erhard Dirk , Hairer Martin
Published: September 2023

We consider the (discrete) parabolic Anderson model , , , where the ξ‐field is ‐valued and plays the role of a dynamic random environment, and Δ is the discrete Laplacian. We focus on the case in which ξ is given by a properly rescaled symmetric simple exclusion process under which it converges to an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. Scaling the Laplacian diffusively and restricting ourselves to a torus, we show that in dimension upon considering a suitably renormalised version of the above equation, the sequence of solutions converges in law. As a by‐product of our main result we obtain precise asymptotics for the survival probability of a simple random walk that is killed at a scale dependent rate when meeting an exclusion particle. Our proof relies on the discrete theory of regularity structures of  Erhard and Hairer and on novel sharp estimates of joint cumulants of arbitrary large order for the exclusion process. We think that the latter is of independent interest and may find applications elsewhere.
Fermi isospectrality for discrete periodic Schrödinger operators
Authors: Liu Wencai
Published: September 2023

Let , where , , are pairwise coprime. Let be the discrete Schrödinger operator, where Δ is the discrete Laplacian on and the potential is Γ‐periodic. We prove three rigidity theorems for discrete periodic Schrödinger operators in any dimension :

If at some energy level, Fermi varieties of two real‐valued Γ‐periodic potentials V and Y are the same (this feature is referred to as Fermi isospectrality of V and Y), and Y is a separable function, then V is separable;

If two complex‐valued Γ‐periodic potentials V and Y are Fermi isospectral and both and are separable functions, then, up to a constant, lower dimensional decompositions and are Floquet isospectral, ;

If a real‐valued Γ‐potential V and the zero potential are Fermi isospectral, then V is zero.

In particular, all conclusions in (1), (2) and (3) hold if we replace the assumption “Fermi isospectrality” with a stronger assumption “Floquet isospectrality”.
Alkaline Ni−Zn Rechargeable Batteries for Sustainable Energy Storage: Battery Components, Deterioration Mechanisms, and Impact of Additives
Authors: Bogomolov Katerina , Ein‐Eli Yair
Published: September 2023

The demand for long‐term, sustainable, and low‐cost battery energy storage systems with high power delivery capabilities for stationary grid‐scale energy storage, as well as the necessity for safe lithium‐ion battery alternatives, has renewed interest in aqueous zinc‐based rechargeable batteries. The alkaline Ni−Zn rechargeable battery chemistry was identified as a promising technology for sustainable energy storage applications, albeit a considerable investment in academic research, it still fails to deliver the requisite performance. It is hampered by a relatively short‐term electrode degradation, resulting in a decreased cycle life. Dendrite formation, parasitic hydrogen evolution, corrosion, passivation, and dynamic morphological growth are all challenging and interrelated possible degradation processes. This review elaborates on the components of Ni−Zn batteries and their deterioration mechanisms, focusing on the influence of electrolyte additives as a cost‐effective, simple, yet versatile approach for regulating these phenomena and extending the battery cycle life. Even though a great deal of effort has been dedicated to this subject, the challenges remain. This highlights that a breakthrough is to be expected, but it will necessitate not only an experimental approach, but also a theoretical and computational one, including artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML).
The effects of international mobility on teachers' power of curriculum agency
Authors: Mouraz Ana , Doyle Audrey , Serra Isabel
Published: September 2023

Across the world, countries have engaged in different iterations of curriculum change, and one of the common denominators of reform is the proposal of more agency for teachers around curriculum making. This is not an easy task for teachers. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the discussion about the effects that international ERASMUS+ mobilities have had on the power of curricular agency of teachers from two European countries. This work is based on an empirical investigation of a qualitative nature which collected the testimonies of four school headmasters, a deputy principal and eleven teachers from Ireland and Portugal, teaching different curriculum matters, who were involved in the ERASMUS+ programme. Our findings evidence a very positive impact on secondary teachers' capacity to self‐organize and achieve agency in relation to curriculum making by adapting their knowledge and skills, learnt through the mobility, to their own culture and context through collaborative communities of practice.
Carbamate as a potential anti‐Alzheimer's pharmacophore: A review
Authors: Singh Yash Pal , Kumar Navneet , Chauhan Brijesh Singh , Garg Prabha
Published: September 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive age‐related neurodegenerative brain disorder, which leads to loss of memory and other cognitive dysfunction. The underlying mechanisms of AD pathogenesis are very complex and still not fully explored. Cholinergic neuronal loss, accumulation of amyloid plaque, metal ions dyshomeostasis, tau hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction are major hallmarks of AD. The current treatment options for AD are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine) and NMDA receptor antagonists (memantine). These FDA‐approved drugs mainly provide symptomatic relief without addressing the pathological aspects of disease progression. So, there is an urgent need for novel drug development that not only addresses the basic mechanisms of the disease but also shows the neuroprotective property. Various research groups across the globe are working on the development of multifunctional agents for AD amelioration using different core scaffolds for their design, and carbamate is among them. Rivastigmine was the first carbamate drug investigated for AD management. The carbamate fragment, a core scaffold of rivastigmine, act as a potential inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. In this review, we summarize the last 10 years of research conducted on the modification of carbamate with different substituents which primarily target ChE inhibition, reduce oxidative stress, and modulate Aβ aggregation.
Cannabis profiling of seized samples: An intra‐location variability study using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry profiles and multivariate data analysis
Authors: Slosse Amorn , Van Durme Filip , Samyn Nele , Mangelings Debby , Vander Heyden Yvan
Published: September 2023

Yearly, cannabis belongs to the most seized drugs worldwide. During judicial investigations, illicit cannabis profiling can be performed to compare seized herbal material. However, comparison is challenging because of the natural heterogeneity of the psychoactive crop. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) profiles, consisting of eight cannabinoids, were used to study the intra‐location (within) and inter‐location (between) variabilities. Decision thresholds were derived from the 95% and 99% confidence limits, applying Pearson correlation coefficients for the intra‐location samples. The false negatives and false positives (FPs) determined the discriminative power of different pretreatments applied to obtain the lowest FP error rate possible. Initially, a 97 samples data set was used and with log transformation as pretreatment, a decrease in FPs from 38% and 45% FPs to 17% and 22%, for both confidence limits, respectively, was seen relative to internal standard normalization that was used as reference. An additional intra‐plantation variability study with 130 samples verified whether the initial model contained sufficient within‐location information, but this was not the case. Hence, a combined data matrix was constructed with all seized samples. Log transformation provided the best FP results for both limits, that is, an improvement from 58% and 64% to 21% and 26%, respectively, was seen. The representativeness of these ‘linked’ thresholds was demonstrated using both cross‐validation and an external set, for which similar FP results as for the calibration set were obtained. By applying data pretreatment, a significant improvement was observed to distinguish seized samples. However, the FP rate is still not at an acceptable level to defend in court.
Dietary niche partitioning of three Sky Island Sceloporus lizards as revealed through DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Westeen Erin P. , Martínez‐Fonseca José G. , d'Orgeix Christian A. , Walker Faith M. , Sanchez Daniel E. , Wang Ian J.
Published: September 2023

Lizard diets are highly diverse and have contributed to the diversification, biogeographical distributions, and evolution of novel traits across this global radiation. Many parts of a lizard's ecology—including habitat preferences, foraging modes, predation risks, interspecific competition, and thermal constraints, among others—interact to shape diets, and dietary niche partitioning simultaneously contributes to co‐occurrence within communities. We used DNA metabarcoding of fecal samples to identify prey items in the diets of three sympatric Sceloporus lizards in the Madrean Sky Islands of Arizona, USA. We found evidence for dietary niche partitioning between interacting species concomitant with their respective ecologies. We also compared diet composition between populations to understand how conserved or plastic species' diets are between different environments. Our findings suggest that habitat generalists are also diet generalists in this system, while the same may be true for specialists. The identification of prey items to much lower taxonomic levels than previously documented further reveals hidden diversity in the diets of these species and underscores the utility of metabarcoding for understanding the full complexity of lizard diets.
First record of the introduced ladybird beetle, Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus (1758), on South Georgia (sub‐Antarctic)
Authors: Tichit Pierre , Roy Helen E. , Convey Peter , Brickle Paul , Newton Rosemary J. , Dawson Wayne
Published: September 2023

Biological invasions represent a growing threat to islands and their biodiversity across the world. The isolated sub‐Antarctic island of South Georgia in the South Atlantic Ocean is a highly protected area that relies on effective biosecurity including prevention, surveillance and eradication to limit the risk of biological invasions. Based on an opportunistic field discovery, we provide the first report of an introduced ladybird beetle on South Georgia. All specimens discovered belong to the Eurasian species Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus (1758) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Tens of individuals of both sexes were discovered at a single location, indicating that the species may already be established on South Georgia. Transport connectivity with this site suggests that the species most likely arrived recently from the Falkland Islands as a stowaway on a ship. We discuss the implications of our discovery for the continued development of South Atlantic biosecurity.
Chaos control in networked permanent magnet synchronous motor using Lyapunov‐based model predictive subject to data loss
Authors: Tahmasbi Mohammad
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the chaos control in the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) using a Lyapunov‐based model predictive approach subject to data loss. PMSM, as a rich nonlinear dynamic, can demonstrate chaotic behavior when its parameters are in a certain area. Thus, the performance of the system will degrade in this condition. Moreover, in some networked applications, especially in the modern automation industry, data can be lost at the sensor‐controller and controller‐actuator links. It will lead the system to illustrate the chaotic behavior. Thus, by assuming a PMSM under data loss, a Lyapunov‐based predictive model is applied to control the chaos in the PMSM in the presence of data loss. It shows that the PMSM system also be effective if the states of the system are not available or the system faces data loss. Sufficient conditions are discussed for the control of chaos in these conditions. Finally, the influence of the method on the control performance is evaluated via simulations on a nonlinear model for the PMSM.
Design and Implementation of a Control Strategy for a Dynamic Organic Rankine Cycle‐Based Power System in the Context of Industrial Waste Heat Recovery
Authors: Saha Bipul Krishna , Chakraborty Basab , Mondal Joydip , Pesyridis Apostolos , Messini El Mouatez Billah , Kumar Pramod
Published: September 2023

Transient thermal waste heat sources, such as solar energy, industrial waste heat, and ship exhaust heat, pose significant challenges in terms of their reuse in other processes. Therefore, ensuring the safe and efficient design and operation of the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system for these heat sources is imperative. Comprehending the ORC system's dynamic characteristics is necessary to formulate suitable control strategies. This article undertakes a comprehensive review of previous studies on dynamic modeling and control of the ORC system and discusses the prevalent dynamic modeling methodologies, the challenges frequently encountered in dynamic simulations, and a range of control strategies. This article comprehensively analyzes the overall control strategies used by ORC systems. Additionally, the energy conversion systems utilized in ORC are depicted in detail. Furthermore, using model predictive control in a simulation study allows for investigating various components’ disturbance and dynamic characteristics within the ORC system. These components include the expander, pump, condenser, and evaporator using setpoint tracking. Ultimately, this analysis aims to optimize the performance of the ORC cycle. The findings indicate that the utilization of superheating in the working fluid is the most effective method for achieving maximum power generation in an ORC system.
An In Situ Signal Amplification Sensor for Measuring In‐Plane Current Density Distribution in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Wu Xiangfeng , Wang Xueyuan , Liu Xudong , Jiang Bo , Yuan Hao , Tao Jianjian , Wang Xiuwu , Zhu Jiangong , Tang Wei , Wei Xuezhe , Dai Haifeng
Published: September 2023

Inconsistency of current density distribution in‐plane in fuel cells is a common phenomenon. This study develops a novel highly integrated sensor with the feature of signal in situ amplification for measuring in‐plane current density. First, the sensor is designed and fabricated based on the idea of in situ amplification of in‐plane signals before transmission. Then, the sensor accuracy is quantitatively evaluated prior to fuel cell experiments based on a single‐point calibration approach. Finally, the distribution of in‐plane current density is observed using the sensor in the fuel cell test system. Additionally, the measurement accuracy of the circuit current in the test bench is compared by introducing the calibrated segment average amplification factors. The results indicate that these signals amplified by the sensor can effectively withstand the effects of signal transmission loss and interference, and it can be determined that the measurement accuracy of the sensor is controlled within 97% in the small current range and within 98% in the nonsmall current range in normal operation. This work provides a feasible solution for in situ measurements of in‐plane current density, with significant improvements in signal acquisition, structural matching, and fabrication process compared to existing such sensors.