bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los logros y los errores de un proceso de insurrección popular: Egipto, 2011-2014
Authors: Castañeda Reyes José Carlos
Published: August 2018

El propósito de este trabajo es evaluar, desde una perspectiva histórica, los logros y los errores del proceso de insurrección popular que se inició en el país del Nilo el 25 de enero de 2011 y concluyó con la promulgación de la nueva Constitución egipcia en enero de 2014. Fueron cuatro años de intensa realidad histórica en los que el pueblo egipcio fue capaz de realizar las thawratâni masriyyatâni, dos “revoluciones egipcias” que buscaban alcanzar los grandes objetivos de “pan, libertad, justicia social y dignidad humana” y que acabaron por delinearse como las metas de los procesos de rebelión que el mundo atestiguó en este periodo. Notables beneficios, pero también errores muy costosos que han permitido el retorno de un régimen de control militar sobre las fuerzas populares que hicieron las “revoluciones” de 2011 y 2013, y que pretende impedir la aplicación de las medidas que lleven a un verdadero cambio económico, social y político en Egipto.
"Palabras caninas", de Abdelfattah Kilito
Authors: Ceballos Manuela
Published: August 2018

Abdelfattah Kilito nació en Rabat en 1945 y es autor de varios libros en francés y en árabe. Considerado uno de los más importantes escritores marroquíes contemporáneos, obtuvo el Gran Premio de Marruecos del Libro en 1989, el Premio de la Academia Francesa (le Prix du Rayonnement de l’Académie Française) en 1996 y el Premio Sultán Al-Owais en 2006. Entre sus obras destacan: El autor y sus dobles; No hablarás mi lengua (traducido al español en 2012); La lengua de Adán; Hablo todas las lenguas, pero en árabe, y la novela La controversia de las imágenes (traducida al español en 2007). Es profesor de la Universidad de Rabat.
Tensiones entre China, Corea del Norte y Estados Unidos a inicios de la administración Trump
Authors: Tzili Apango Eduardo
Published: August 2018

La administración Trump se ha caracterizado por su agresiva retórica en contra de Corea del Norte. La escalada en el tono del discurso alcanzó un punto crítico con la declaración de “fuego y furia” de Trump, a lo que Kim Jong-un respondió calificándolo como “viejo lunático” y probando una bomba de hidrógeno. El incremento de las tensiones en la península coreana se debe a la formación divergente de identidades y percepciones entre los actores involucrados. La principal hipótesis de este artículo es que, debido a la falta de progreso en la desnuclearización de la península coreana, el gobierno de Trump ha impulsado una agresiva y audaz retórica para modificar el inestable statu quo regional con miras a obtener beneficios económicos de Beijing y beneficios de seguridad de Pyongyang.
James R. Rush(2016). Hamka’s great story: A master writer’s vision of Islam for modern Indonesia. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 286 pp.
Authors: Lundry Christopher Alan
Published: August 2018

James R. Rush(2016). Hamka’s great story: A master writer’s vision of Islam for modern Indonesia. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 286 pp.
Monjes, estudiantes y militares: la crisis de 1974 y el principio del fin del régimen militar socialista de Birmania
Authors: Gomà Daniel
Published: August 2018

A menudo reducidos a una breve mención en la investigación sobre la Birmania contemporánea, los hechos de 1974 son un episodio muy importante en su historia reciente y en su desarrollo político posterior. Las protestas contra el gobierno, aplastadas con violencia por el ejército, fueron el primer gran aviso de las dificultades de la ‘vía birmana al socialismo’, experimento revolucionario y utópico de corte militarista desarrollado desde 1962, y el precedente de la revolución de 1988 que pondría fin al régimen militar del general Ne Win.
El viaje de Ilyās ibn al-qissīs Ḥannā l-Mawṣilī (Elías de Babilonia o de San Juan) a Europa y Nueva España en el siglo XVII
Authors: Ponce Guadian Arturo
Published: August 2018

El relato de viaje (riḥla) de Ilyās ibn al-qissīs Ḥannā l-Mawṣilī (m. circa 1699) es la primera descripción en lengua árabe, conocida a la fecha, sobre la América hispana, escrita en tierras americanas en el siglo xvii, primero en Perú y luego en la Nueva España, y revisada en Sevilla al regreso del viajero a España. Se presenta un esbozo bio-gráfico del viajero árabe; una relación del inicio de la larga travesía; una traducción del árabe al español de fragmentos relevantes del ini-cio del viaje desde Medio Oriente, el paso por Europa y la salida de España rumbo a América; una traducción de episodios relevantes del viaje a la Nueva España y el regreso a España y, por último, una cronología cuyo fin es aclarar algunos supuestos y errores en torno a la vida y el viaje de Elías de Babilonia.
A. Ojeda (2017). España y Vietnam. Una historia común. Madrid: Los Libros de la Catarata, 286 pp.
Authors: Nualart Cristina
Published: August 2018

A. Ojeda (2017). España y Vietnam. Una historia común. Madrid: Los Libros de la Catarata, 286 pp.
Safety Climate Assessment in Operating Room Nurses Through Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ)
Authors: Tejera Quintana Rubén Jesús , Marqués-Sánchez Pilar , Arencibia-Sánchez C. Patricia , Mauriz Elba
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Surgical safety is a public health concern worldwide. The attitudes and perceptions of the surgical team regarding to the safety of the patient are associated to the safety climate and the prevalence of adverse events. Objective: To evaluate the safety climate perceived by operating room nurses from several Hospitals. Method: This works presents a multicentre cross-sectional study. Data collection was obtained by means of The Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), a self-completed questionnaire translated to the Spanish. A convenience sample with voluntary participation was selected. The safety climate was determined through six factors: Teamwork climate, Safety climate, Job satisfaction, Perception of the Unit and Hospital Management, Working conditions and Stress recognition. Results: safety climate perceived by surgical nurses shows mixed values in relation to patient safety. Perception of the management (p = 0.001)and Working condition domain (p = 0.003) are the domains worst valued. The size of the hospitals and Years of professional experience showed statistical differences in several domains. Conclusions: The variation of the safety climate perceived by nurses suggests that there are needs and opportunities for improvement in all its dimensions.
Inmunoterapia alérgeno específica: Prevalencia de alérgenos en consulta privada de alergología en Cáceres.
Authors: Leal-Hernández Olga , Caballero-Barrantes Mercedes
Published: August 2018

Resumen: Según la Sociedad Española de Alergología e Inmunología Clínica (SEAIC), las enfermedades alérgicas afectan a un 30% de la población española. La alergia ocupa la sexta posición dentro de las diez enfermedades o problemas de salud que la población de 15 años o más refiere padecer con mayor frecuencia (13,37%), según la Encuesta Europea de Salud en España (EESE) 2014, realizada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). Desde la primera inoculación subcutánea por Leonard Noon en el año 1911 de un extracto de Phleum pratense a pacientes polínicos, se han publicado múltiples estudios controlados que demuestran que la inmunoterapia alérgeno específica es el único tratamiento capaz de modificar el curso natural de la enfermedad alérgica, reduciendo significativamente la severidad de la enfermedad y el consumo de medicación, así como mejorar considerablemente la calidad de vida. En el presente estudio se han recogido datos de 46 pacientes mayores de 14 años que reciben inmunoterapia, con pauta rush, en una consulta de alergia privada de la ciudad de Cáceres para conocer cuál es el alérgeno frente al que más se vacunaban y su seguridad, obteniendo un mayor porcentaje en “Mezcla de gramíneas 100%”, que representa un 47,83% de los estudiados, seguida de “Mezcla gramíneas 50% Olea europaea 50%” con un 28,26% y se demuestra que la inmunoterapia subcutánea es un método seguro y adecuado para el tratamiento de la alergia.
Selçuklu ve Osmanlı mutfağının gastronomi açısından değerlendirilmesi
Authors: SEÇİM Yılmaz
Published: August 2018

Her toplum kültürünü yemeğine yansıtmaktadır. Türk toplumunun uzun
süredir tarih sahnesinde olması kendi yemek kültürünü oluşturmasını
sağlamıştır. Türkler, savaşçı bir topluluk olması nedeniyle özellikle gıda
muhafaza ve sofra çeşitliliği konusunda bilgilidir. Bu bilgi tarihsel bir
süreçte incelendiğinde bölge değişiminden, dini inançtan ve savaşlardan hayli
etkilendiği görülmektedir. Bu değişimler sonucunda Türk mutfağının dünyanın en
zengin mutfakları arasına girdiği söylenebilir. Gastronomi turizmi özellikle
son 20 yılda hızlı bir gelişme kaydetmiştir. Turizmde önde ülkelerden biri olan
Türkiye de, gastronomi turizminden ihtiyaç duyduğu payı alabilmek için
çalışmaktadır. Bu çalışmaların başında ise yemek festivalleri başı çekmektedir.
Gelen yerli ve yabancı turistlere yöresel tadım etkinlikleri yapılmaktadır.
Ancak bu etkinliklerin yeterli seviyede olmadığı görülmektedir. Yemek tadımları
dışında Türk mutfak kültürüne ait alet ve ekipmanlarda tanıtılarak ön plana
çıkartılmalıdır. Bu çalışmada, geçmişten günümüze Türk mutfak kültüründe önemli
yere sahip olan Selçuklu ve Osmanlı devletinin yemek ve kültür ilişkisi
incelenerek, gastronomi turizmi açısından değerinin tespit edilmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca bu süreç içerisinde unutulan Türk Mutfak kültürünün
ortaya çıkarılarak kültürel belleğin tazelenmesine katkıda bulunmak da
çalışmanın bir diğer amacıdır. Unutulan yemek ve mutfak uygulamalarının yeniden
canlandırılması ile Türk Mutfağının zenginliğinin daha iyi yansıtılacağı
düşünülmektedir.
Penerapan Model Discovery Learning Melalui Game Gets Lucky Pada Materi Hidrokarbon dan Minyak Bumi Dalam Peningkatan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas XI MIPA 2 SMAN Unggul Aceh Timur
Authors: Irmi Irmi
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI MIPA 2 SMAN Unggul  Aceh Timur Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017 pada materi Hidrokarbon  dan Minyak Bumi dengan menggunakan model Discovery Learning (DL) melalui Games Gets Lucky. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, dengan tiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI MIPA 2 SMAN Unggul Aceh Timur tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Sumber data adalah guru dan siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan tes, selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model DL dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar siswa pada materi Hidrokarbon dan Minyak Bumi. Pada siklus I, persentas ketercapaian aktivitas belajar siswa sebesar 76,62 % yang kemudian meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 96,10 %. Peningkatan  hasil belajar dapat dilihat dari aspek pengetahuan pada siklus I mencapai nilai rata-rata 77,63 dan meningkat pada siklus II dengan nilai rata-rata 87,95.
Aproveitamento da casca de batata doce na produção de panetone: Caracterização físico-química e aceitabilidade sensorial entre crianças
Authors: Cristo Tatiane Wendler de , Lima Laína de Fátima , Silva Vinícius da Cruz , Candido Camila Jordão , Santos Elisvânia Freitas dos , Novello Daiana
Published: August 2018

Introdução: O desperdício de alimentos ocorre em diversas fases da cadeia alimentar. Dessa forma, são necessárias ações que visem reduzir o descarte orgânico, principalmente aquelas que estimulem o reaproveitamento integral de alimentos. Objetivo: Verificar a aceitabilidade sensorial de panetones tradicionais e adicionados de farinha de casca da batata doce (FCBD) entre crianças. Também, determinar a composição físico-química da formulação tradicional e daquela contendo maior teor de FCBD e aceitação sensorial semelhante à tradicional. Metodologia: Foram elaboradas cinco formulações de panetones, sendo F1 padrão (0% de FCBD) e as demais adicionadas de 5,50% (F2), 11% (F3), 16,50% (F4) e 22% (F5) de FCBD. Participaram da avaliação sensorial 60 provadores não treinados, de ambos os gêneros, com idade entre 7 e 10 anos. Resultados: Níveis de adição maiores que 11% de FCBD em panetone reduziram a aceitabilidade para os atributos aparência, sabor, cor e para a aceitação global e intenção de compra, quando comparados à formulação padrão. Não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05) entre as formulações para os atributos aroma e textura. A amostra padrão apresentou maior conteúdo de proteínas, calorias e fibra solúvel, enquanto F3 obteve maior concentração de cinzas, fibra insolúvel e fibra alimentar total. Os teores de umidade, lipídios e carboidratos não variaram entre F1 e F3 (p>0,05). Conclusão: Um nível de adição de até 11% de FCBD em panetone melhora o perfil nutricional do produto. Além disso, é bem aceito pelas crianças, obtendo aceitabilidade semelhante ao produto padrão e com boas expectativas de comercialização.
Percepção de saúde e incapacidade funcional em indivíduos obesos antes e após cirurgia bariátrica
Authors: Augusto Viviane Gontijo , Barbosa Juliana Batista , Silva Ana Paula , Abreu Ana Maria , De Aguiar Bernardo Guimarães
Published: August 2018

Introdução: É importante conhecer o quanto uma doença crônica afeta a funcionalidade ddo indivíduo. Objetivos: comparar a autopercepção de saúde e o nível incapacidade funcional de pacientes obesos antes e após cirurgia bariátrica, bem como identificar os fatores que estão associados a esta incapacidade. Métodos: realizou-se um estudo observacional longitudinal com 23 pacientes obesos que foram submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica do tipo Bypass Gástrico Vídeo-laparoscópico. Foram avaliados dados sociodemográficos, antropométricos, estilo de vida, queixa de dores musculoesqueléticas, comorbidades, autopercepção de saúde e incapacidade funcional, antes e três meses após a cirurgia. Para análise, utilizou-se a correlação e Spearman e teste t de Student pareado, com índice de significância de 5%. Resultados: predominou o sexo feminino com média de idade de 36,2 (dp= 8,1).  Houve uma redução do valor médio do peso corporal,  IMC, incapacidade funcional e  nível de dor, quando comparados antes e após-cirurgia (p=0,00). A incapacidade funcional três meses após a cirurgia mostrou uma baixa correlação com o Índice de Massa Corporal (rs = 0,47; p= 0,002), e uma correlação moderada com nível de dor musculoesquelética (rs = 0,53; p= 0,00). A autopercepção de saúde foi avaliada como positiva em apenas um terço dos pacientes no pré-operatório, enquanto que na avaliação final todos os pacientes relataram uma percepção positiva sobre sua saúde. Conclusões: Para esta amostra a cirurgia bariátrica parece ter sido uma opção de tratamento para pacientes obesos que induziu, não somente redução do peso corporal, mas uma melhora geral na capacidade funcional e saúde dos pacientes.
Interview with Prof. Dr. Sérgio Fonseca da Teixeira
Authors: Pernambuco Andrei Pereira
Published: August 2018

We interviewed the Director of the School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy of UFMG and Chief Editor of the Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, Dr. Sérgio Fonseca Teixeira.
MUSA IBN MAIMUN AL-QURTHUBI AL-YAHUDI (1130-1204 M): INTELEKTUAL SASTRA YAHUDI-ARAB
Authors: Ma’mun Titin Nurhayati , Syaban Ginanjar , Hazmirullah Hazmirullah
Published: August 2018

This article discusses a fully-named scientist Abu 'Imran Musa ibn Maimun ibn Abdullah al-Yahudi al-Isra>i>li> al-Qurthubi al-Andalusi> (known as Mûsâ ibn Maimûn or Moses Maimonides). During his lifetime, he runs various professions, such as rabbis, scientists, and doctors, as indeed have randomness in those fields. However, in this article, the author only focused on the discussion of his figure as a scientist and the works he created. The results of the study showed that Ibn Maimûn’s works contain a thick Arab-Islamic influence. One proof is the use of Arabic language, not Hebrew, in most of his work. That’s what makes him categorized as Muslim clerics. His works were incorporated into the Arab-Jewish literary treasures. The results also showed the occurrence of a Jewish-Islamic peace dialogue, high tolerance, and influencing conditions in the field of scholarship. That is what makes it possible to inherit intellectual extraordinarily rich works.
PENGAWASAN DAN EVALUASI PROGRAM BAHASA ARAB DI PONDOK PESANTREN
Authors: Bako Fitri Mawaddah , Masrurah Faiqatul , Tuli Friske , Arifah Desiy
Published: August 2018

This study identified how the supervision and evaluation of the Arabic program in the girl pesantren Hafsah Binti Umar Malang Batu. Data were collected through observation and interview. The subject of his research was two Arabic teachers at the pesantren. To get the data, the researcher conducted observation and interview directly to the Arabic teacher in the Pesantren where the researcher participated in observing the activit. Finally, this study concluded that the supervision of the Arabic language program at the girl pesantren Hafsah Binti Umar has not been fully done by the teachers since some of the programs that have been designed have not been written in the structure of the Pesantren Hafsah Binti Umar program. For the evaluation of the Arabic program, the chairman of the pesantren evaluated by asking each program that has been implemented to each teacher in their respective fields at the end of each semester.
Crosslinked Ionomer Gel Separators for Polysulfide Shuttle Mitigation in Magnesium-Sulfur Batteries: Elucidation of Structure-Property Relationships
Authors: Ford Hunter O. , Merrill Laura C. , He Peng , Upadhyay Sunil P. , Schaefer Jennifer
Published: August 2018

A series of crosslinked ionomer networks of varying poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate crosslinker chain length, ionic co-monomer chemistry, and co-monomer ratio have been studied for their use as polysulfide shuttle inhibiting separators in magnesium-sulfur (Mg-S) batteries. Through the use of X-ray scattering, polysulfide diffusion experiments, conductivity measurements, and Mg-S cell cycling, it was determined that inclusion of tethered anions in polymer networks mitigates the polysulfide shuttle effect. Polysulfide crossover through networks into a bulk electrolyte can be reduced by absorption into the polymer gel, steric rejection, and electrostatic rejection, with the predominance of these mechanisms dictated by polymer composition and structure. The best network composition allowed an initial Mg-S cell discharge capacity of 522 mAh/g compared to a discharge capacity of 365 mAh/g using a literature standard glass fiber separator. The ionomer cell saw 67% capacity retention after three cycles, whereas the glass fiber separator could not complete the first charging cycle due to polysulfide shuttle.
Simulación de Propagación de un Sistema MU – MIMO en una Red 4G – LTE
Authors: Arévalo Peña Javier Enrique
Published: August 2018

La implantación de redes móviles celulares 4G – LTE adoptada por Colombia, genera el aumento y demanda de servicios de servicios inalámbricos que se ofrecen a los usuarios móviles. En este sentido, la capacidad de la red para ofrecer los servicios de calidad a los usuarios se mejora a través del uso de sistemas multiantena MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output). Para observar este comportamiento se presenta un caso de estudio en la ciudad de Bogotá D. C. (Colombia) realizando un proceso de simulación de propagación empleando el software ICS Designer y sistemas de múltiples antenas MU – MIMO (Multi User – MIMO) efectuando una comparación con las antenas estándar en términos de cobertura e interferencia.
Implementación de un curso de introducción a la ingeniería usando herramientas de la iniciativa CDIO y de IEEE en educación
Authors: Orjuela Cañón Alvaro David
Published: August 2018

Basados en la iniciativa Concebir-Diseñar-Implementar-Operar (CDIO) y las herramientas disponibles en TryEngineering de IEEE, es estructurado e implementado un curso de introducción a la ingeniería para estudiantes de diferentes áreas de este campo. El presente artículo muestra como fue esquematizado el curso y su posterior implementación. Basados en resultados experimentales al desarrollar las actividades propias del curso, son planteadas algunas conclusiones al respecto, donde se muestra que el uso de las herramientas propuestas en conjunto es una buena alternativa

para un curso introductorio a la ingeniería, motivando y mostrando de forma directa a los estudiantes la importancia de un buen proceso en ingeniería.
Técnicas de procesamiento de imagen utilizadas para la identificación de huellas SMC*
Authors: Pineda Torres Franklin
Published: August 2018

En este artículo se presenta la aplicación de algunas técnicas utilizadas para elprocesamiento digital de imagen. Estas técnicas son empleadas para dar solución aun proceso de identificación de huellas SMC “Surface Montage Component” dondese encuentran inmersos dos problemas principales: la adquisición y el análisis de laescena, mientras que el primero suele ser resuelto por caracterización matemática(determinística o estadística), al segundo le corresponde, en la mayoría de los casos, una solución de filtraje. Se analizarán y presentarán los resultados respectivos, enfocando su desarrollo en técnicas de procesamiento espacial, utilizando los Toolbox Adquisition Image and Image Processing, ambos paquetes contenidos dentro del software MATLAB®.
Ciclo dinámico de la productividad para las pequeñas y medianas empresas manufactureras de Colombia
Authors: Lombana Sosa Rafael Humberto
Published: August 2018

Las pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector manufacturero tienen gran influencia en el desarrollo económico del país, porque su participación en la economía nacional ha sido fundamental a través del tiempo y han dejando huella por la calidad en la transformación de bienes. Dichas empresas combinan los recursos con que cuentan, de tal forma que por ejemplo en el caso del Talento Humano contribuye con ingenio, iniciativa y malicia para que las organizaciones sean productivas y competitivas a nivel nacional; pero existe cierta desventaja a nivel internacional, causada por el afán de los directivos de las empresas de mejorar sus utilidades a toda costa, sin tener en cuenta la investigación, desarrollo tecnológico y la aplicación de herramientas para el mejoramiento continuo. Lo que sí se ha logrado es trabajar con calidad en los procesos productivos, gracias a la injerencia de los empleados en el diseño, desarrollo y fabricación de productos con las máquinas y equipos existentes, como al direccionamiento dado por los empresarios que se basan en la experiencia y tradición familiar trasferidas por generaciones.
Occurrences related to the use of central and peripheral intravenous devices / Ocorrências relacionadas ao uso de dispositivos intravenosos centrais e periféricos / Ocurrencias relacionadas el uso de dispositivos intravenosos centrales y periféricos
Authors: Grandi Joao Luiz , Grell Mariana Cabrera , Barbosa Dulce Aparecida
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: analisar as notificações de Queixas Técnicas e de Eventos Adversos referentes a dispositivos centrais e periféricos ocorridos em um hospital universitário. Metodologia: estudo transversal, retrospectivo, realizado em um hospital de ensino. Foram analisadas 329 fichas de notificação arquivadas em banco de dados da Gerência de Risco da Instituição. Os dados foram submetidos à estatística descritiva.  Descritiva. Resultados: 25% das fichas de notificação eram relacionados a dispositivos centrais e 75% aos periféricos. Os principais incidentes notificados foram à lesão em derme (62%) e a perda de função do dispositivo (55%). Com relação ao grau de risco, 61% dos centrais eram de grau médio e 64,4% dos periféricos classificados como alto risco à saúde e segurança do paciente. Conclusão: Notificar eventos adversos e queixas técnicas permite as agências reguladoras maior controle das boas práticas de fabricação destes produtos, garantindo maior segurança, no pós-comercialização aos pacientes, profissionais e instituições.Descritores: Cateteres. Gestão de riscos. Vigilância sanitária. Segurança do paciente.
Scale of risk assessment in surgical positioning: experience report /Escala de avaliação de risco no posicionamento cirúrgico: relato de experiência / Escala de evaluación de riesgo en el posicionamiento quirúrgico: relato de experiencia
Authors: Do Bonfim Loiola Hermaiza Angélica , Fróz Maryam Andrade , Macedo Pires Fonseca Maria Madalena , De Souza Rafaela Spindola , Pessoa Cardoso Luciane Sousa , Alves de Sousa Santana De Maria
Published: August 2018

Objetivos: relatar a experiência de implantação da escala de posicionamento cirúrgico em um centro cirúrgico de um hospital particular, no protocolo de prevenção de lesão por pressão em decorrência do posicionamento cirúrgico. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, quantitativo, do tipo relato de experiência vivenciado pelas enfermeiras assistências do centro cirúrgico de um hospital particular de referência em procedimentos de alta complexidade. Este possui o protocolo de posicionamento cirúrgico implantado através da Escala de Avaliação de Risco para o Desenvolvimento de Lesões Decorrentes do Posicionamento Cirúrgico. Observou-se a aplicação da escala durante os procedimentos de alta complexidade, bem como as medidas adotadas pelos enfermeiros. Resultados: as cirurgias observadas foram: 05 artrodese de coluna, 02 revascularização do miocárdio, 04 gastroplastia by pass, 03 fraturas de fêmur, 03 craniotomias, 01 hepatectomia, 01 colectomia, 01 artroplastia de joelho, 01 retossigmoidectomia e 01 fratura de úmero. A média de pontuação obtida entre os procedimentos observados foram entre 20 a 26 pontos. Conclusão: atualmente a identificação individual dos riscos é tida como padrão ouro, e a escala de avaliação de risco em decorrência do posicionamento cirúrgico auxilia na tomada de ações imediatas de melhoria na assistência de enfermagem perioperatoria. Descritores: Centro Cirúrgico. Enfermagem Perioperatória. Posicionamento do Paciente.
Self-care difficulties in hypertensive patients from a Family Health Strategy / Dificuldades de autocuidado em pacientes hipertensos de uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família / Dificultades de autocuidado en pacientes hipertensos de una Estrategia de Salud de la Familia
Authors: Fontes Francisco Lucas de Lima , Santana Rosane Da Silva
Published: August 2018

Objetivos: identificar pelos relatos de casos as dificuldades no autocuidado dos pacientes com hipertensão arterial sistêmica em uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Metodologia: estudo qualitativo, descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, vivenciado por acadêmicos de Enfermagem de uma instituição de ensino superior privada. Foram empregadas duas dinâmicas de grupo para criação do vínculo profissional-indivíduo, facilitando a discussão e proporcionando a troca de informações e apoio. Resultados: os principais relatos sobre a falta de autocuidado relatadas pelos pacientes com hipertensão são: uso de medicação em horários incorretos, alimentação inadequada, falta de atividade física, dificuldades para mudança de hábitos e o desconhecimento sobre as consequências da hipertensão arterial. Conclusão: são necessárias atividades educativas efetivas para adesão de práticas e hábitos que garantirão uma melhor qualidade de vida e de saúde dos pacientes com hipertensão. A educação para o autocuidado é elemento indispensável no tratamento e controle da hipertensão, considerando que é por meio deste tipo de atividade que o profissional identifica problemas e procura intervenções resolutivas.Descritores: Autocuidado. Hipertensão arterial. Saúde da família.
Computing Personalised Treatments through In Silico Clinical Trials. A Case Study on Downregulation in Assisted Reproduction.
Authors: Mancini Toni , Mari Federico , Massini Annalisa , Melatti Igor , Salvo Ivano , Sinisi Stefano , Tronci Enrico , Ehrig Rainald , Röblitz Susanna , Leeners Brigitte
Published: August 2018

In Silico Clinical Trials (ISCT), i.e., clinical experimental campaigns carried out by means of computer simulations, hold the promise to decrease time and cost for the safety and efficacy assessment of pharmacological treatments, reduce the need for animal and human testing, and enable precision medicine.

In this paper we present a case study aiming at quantifying, by means of a multi-arm ISCT supervised by intelligent search, the potential impact of precision medicine approaches on a real pharmacological treatment, namely the downregulation phase of a complex clinical protocol for assisted reproduction.
Fine-Grained Test Minimization
Authors: Vahabzadeh Arash , Stocco Andrea , Mesbah Ali
Published: August 2018

As a software system evolves, its test suite can accumulate redundancies over time. Test minimization aims at removing redundant test cases. However, current techniques remove whole test cases from the test suite using test adequacy criteria, such as code coverage. This has two limitations, namely (1) by removing a whole test case the corresponding test assertions are also lost, which can inhibit test suite effectiveness, (2) the issue of partly redundant test cases — tests with redundant test statements — is ignored. We propose a novel approach for fine-grained test case minimization, which removes redundancies at the test statement level, while preserving the coverage and test assertions of the test suite. Our analysis is based on the inference of a test suite model that enables automated test reorganization within test cases. We evaluated our approach, implemented in a tool called Testler, on the test suites of 15 open source projects. Our analysis revealed that over 4,639 (24%) of the tests in these test suites are partly redundant, with over 11,819 redundant test statements in total. Our results show that Testler removes 43% of the redundant test statements, reducing the number of partly redundant tests by 52%. As a result, test suite execution time is reduced by up to 37% (20% on average), while maintaining the original code coverage, branch coverage, and test assertions.
Alternative Rites of Passage in FGM/C Abandonment Campaigns in Africa: A research opportunity
Authors: Droy Laurence , Hughes Lotte , Lamont Mark , Nguura Peter , Parsitau Damaris , Wamue Ngare Grace
Published: August 2018

Alternative Rites of Passage (ARP) are a relatively recent invention, and a key element in female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) abandonment strategies organised by NGOs in some regions of Africa, particularly East Africa. They aim to replicate traditional initiation rituals for pubescent girls who are transitioning to womanhood, but without FGM/C. This paper briefly describes the genesis of ARP in Kenya since 1996, and discusses its significance as a hybridised cultural assemblage that forms part of new cultural and relational processes. It emphasises the importance of examining the deep context in which ARP takes place, including the traditional ritual that it aims to replace. The paper identifies lacunae in the literature, and potential lines of enquiry for future research. The Appendix includes summaries of a selection of the literature on ARP.
Ponna Wignaraja. Women, Poverty, and Resources. New Delhi
Newbury/ London: Sage Publications. 1990.242 pp.
Authors: Bilquees Faiz
Published: August 2018

Poverty alleviation with reference to gender has been the
focus of attention of national and international organizations since the
seventies. Massive international assistance, both financial and
technical, has been given for such programmes. However, the success rate
of such projects has been fairly low. Two major reasons can be given for
this low rate of success: (i) the projects have been imposed from the
top without due regard to the local conditions, and the target group,
i.e., the women, have been treated as objects rather than subjects; (ii)
the donors and the implementing agencies have not always focused on the
ultimate goal of sustainable development The success stories are quoted
quite extensively but they have not been followed. The underlying factor
behind their success was a strong faith in the capabilities of the
masses at the grassroots level and the maximum use of local talent and
expertise. Ponna Wignaraja has produced a wealth of infonnation by
providing an in-depth review of the successful poverty alleviation
projects amongst women which can lead to sustainable development in
South Asia. He first analyses the successful cases in detail, and then
he looks at the not very successful projects in Africa and Latin
America, suggesting guidlines from specific successful projects in South
Asia.
Omar Noman. The Political Economy of Pakistan: 1947 -85. London:
KPI Ltd. 1988. xiii + 218 pages.
Authors: Kemal A. R.
Published: August 2018

While both economic development and political change in
Pakistan have been analysed in a number of studies, the inter-dependence
of the two has rarely been analysed. The author's promise in the preface
to present 'an integrated analysis of Pakistan's development' in the
book under review, therefore, excites great interest However, the reader
is badly disappointed because the book fails to analyse this
inter-dependence. Only scattered references to it have been made here
and there. Even worse, the book fails to link the policy changes made in
one period with those in the other periods. The book consists of ten
chapters and has been divided into three parts. These parts discuss
economic and political developments in three different periods, viz.,
1947- 71, 1971-77, and 1977-85. Politics, religion and economic
development in each period is discussed in separate chapters. Chapter 1
(part I) is entitled 'Disenchantment with Freedom'. The basic thesis of
the author is that the Muslim League was never interested in the Islamic
principles and referred to Islam only with a view to arousing hatred
against the non-muslim communities and winning over the people by
promising a better future by creating an egalitarian structure of
society. The author further asserts that because the Muslim League
leaders had no clear Islamic perception, Islam cannot be the basis of
Pakistan 's creation; and that the Objectives Resolution was vague on
Islam. However, no evidence is presented to substantiate these claims.
That the Muslim League leaders had a secular outlook is not inconsistent
with creating Pakistan in the name ofIslam; the people voted for the
Muslim League and Pakistan to create an Islamic State which will provide
social justice. The claim that the egalitarian bias in the manifesto of
the Muslim League was only a ploy to get votes is belied by the fact
that the Muslim League government in the early 1950s did propose major
land reforms, an aspect which the author has conveniently chosen to
overlook. Similarly, the claim that the Objectives Resolution is vague
on Islam is at variance with the contents of the Resolution.
Implicit Taxation of Pakistan's Agriculture: An Analysis of the
Commodity and Input Prices
Authors: Chaudhry M. Ghaffar , Kayani Nighat Naheed
Published: August 2018

The purpose of the present paper has been to quantify and
discuss the implications of implicit taxes in Pakistan's agriculture.
The methodology of the paper consisted of derming the impon and expon
parity prices of major agricultural commodities grown in Pakistan, by
comparing them with domestic procurement prices. Although the analysis
covered only four commodities, implicit tax rates in some of the years
from 1970-71 to 1989-90 were as high as 75 percent for cenain
commodities. It was only in the case of IRRI rice and sugarcane that
domestic prices were above the world levels in some years of the period
under consideration. When shown as a percentage of the value-added by
agriculture, the taxes on these four commodities, net of the total
budgetary subsidies on agricultural inputs, varied from 1.9 percent to
14.9 percent. These tax rates in agriculture compared favourably with
the overall tax rates in Pakistan's economy for most of the years.
Judged in the light of the relative taxable capacities of agriculture
and Pakistan's economy as a whole, implicit taxes were much higher in
agriculture than in the other sectors of the economy.
Farm Size and Land Use Efficiency in Pakistan's
Agriculture
Authors: Jehangir Waqar A. , Sampath Rajan K.
Published: August 2018

In this paper we analyzed the relationship between the farm
size and economies of scale in the extensive and intensive use of land.
We found that the defmition of farm size in terms of linear aggregation
of the irrigated and unirrigated lands leads to the misspecification
bias, resulting in the under-estimation of the degree of homogeneity of
the functions. The implications of the above analysis are fairly
obvious. First of all, the one-dimensional defmition of farm size in
terms of total land size without distinguishing between the irrigated
and the unirrigated lands not only mis-specifies the functional
relationships between farm size, on the one hand, and land use and other
economic variables, on the other hand; but, more importantly, it also
under-estimates the returns to scale value, thereby leading to
over-estimation of possible benefits from the re-distribution of land.
Secondly, the division of lands into irrigated and unirrigated brings
out the importance of irrigation in determining the levels of the
extensive and intensive uses of land and goes a long way in explaining
the inter-farm size as well as the intra-farm size variations in land
use intensities. Thirdly, explicit estimates of the positive impact of
irrigation on land use and productivity clearly indicate that there is
an alternative policy for radical land reforms to bring about
significant changes in the distribution of agricultural income and
assets. That alternative policy is to use irrigation development and
distribution, which are predominantly under the direct or indirect
control of the government, as policy tools to help the small and
marginal farmers.
Shorter Notices
Authors: Mehmood Mir Annice
Published: August 2018

Download the PDF file
Commodity Taxation and Input Subsidies in Pakistan's Agriculture:
A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Chaudhry M. Ghaffar , Kayani Nighat Naheed
Published: August 2018

It has been argued in the literature that. capital formation
is the key to economic development. Apart from expansion in productive
capacity, capital formation is also a source of embodied technical
change and progressive modernization. Although aid could be a source of
capital formation, it is undependable and inconsistent with the phrase
that capital is made at home [Nurkse (1953)]. Agriculture, being a
sector of major proportions in developing countries holds a pivotal
position as a major contributor to capital formation. In the early
stages of economic deVelopment, it must fund industrialization, finance
capital imports and act as a ready market for industrial goods. It may,
however, be remembered that agricUlture can play this role only within
certain limits and that excessive resource transfers from agricUlture
can prove to be self-defeating and must be avoided [Timmer (1988)]. What
has been the role of Pakistan's agriculture in this respect, is a
controversial issue. There are studies [Hamid (1970); Khan (1985) and
Qureshi (1987)] that hold that agriculture's role in capital formation
in Pakistan has, at best, been dismal. Others [Chaudhry (1973);
Government of Pakistan (1986, 1988)] have argued that agriculture in
Pakistan was heavily taxed and made significant contributions to
economic de,:elopment. The controversy arises as the former set of
studies dealt with direct taxes alone as against the coverage of local
and indirect taxes and taxes implicit in price and exchange rate
policies in the latter.
The Effect of U. S. Assistance on Public and Private Expenditures
in Pakistan: 1960-1988
Authors: Khilji Nasir M. , Zampelli Ernest M.
Published: August 2018

The Gulf crisis and the suspension of U. S. bilateral
assistance to Pakistan for 1990 threaten to have profound economic and
political consequences for the . country. These developments are bound
to further exacerbate the traditional Balance of Payments difficulties
and the unemployment problem in the short run, and possibly the future
long-run economic growth of the country. The termination of U. S.
assistance for this year is more a reflection of the changing realities
of the world today, rather than the alleged temporary measure by the U.
S. designed to elicit Pakistan's cooperation in nuclear
non-proliferation. It is highly probable that future U. S. assistance to
Pakistan is going to be curtailed and is likely to be on more stringent
terms than before.l In such circumstances, an essential question that
needs to be answered is that will a reduction in U. S. military and
non-military assistance to Pakistan affect significantly its defense
capabilities and/or weaken its economy?" Clearly, any objective answer
requires an understanding of how the allocation of resources by Pakistan
among defense, public non-defense, private investment, and private
consumption goods and services is affected by U. S. foreign aid. It is
only through this understanding that policy-makers in Pakistan can
formulate the requisite strategies to minimize the adverse impacts of
the reduction in U. S. assistance. This paper is a step toward
furthering that understanding.
The Six Questions that Do Not Go Away
Authors: Krotki Karol J.
Published: August 2018

To any observer of Pakistani society and economy over the last
40 years four questions pose themselves with repeated persistence year
after year, survey after survey, census after census, decade after
decade. They are: the proportion aged less than 15 years of age, the
reported age group 5-9, the masculinity ratio, female illiteracy and
innumeracy. There are two other features of the Pakistani data situation
that ought to be taken into account during any consideration of these
data and their collection. They are: the innocence of vital registration
systems, and the ineffectiveness of family planning programmes. The
first four questions received little attention through the backstopping
offered by international agencies, from the subject-matter units in the
Federal Bureau of St.atistics (PBS), and from the analysts in such
research institutions as the PIDE. There seems to be no awareness of the
critical role of women's literacy and numeracy in the reorganization
plans of the Ministry of Women's Development [MWD (1989, 1989a)]. The
relevant concerns in WD publications are modest [e.g., WD (1980)]. The
last two questions
Dimensions of Urban Growth in Pakistan
Authors: Kiani M. F'ramurz , Siyal H. B.
Published: August 2018

The urban population of Pakistan has grown almost fourfold,
over the last two decades. It is estimated that it will increase by 55.5
million by the year 2000 [Blacker (n.d.)]. The increases in urban
population is attributed to either continued rural to urban migration or
natural increase. As a consequence of the above increase in population
the urban living conditions are under great pressure. I~ is therefore
important to analyse the dimensions of urban growth and examine its
social and economic implications. The objectives of the present study
are: 1. To analyse the trends and variations in urban growth; 2. To
decompose the components of urban growth and analyse which component has
contributed more to urban growth; and 3. To analyse some of the
implications of urban growth.
Determinants of the Supply of Women in the Labour Market: A Micro
Analysis
Authors: Hamid Shahnaz
Published: August 2018

Neoclassical economists consider education to be one of the
key determinants of women entering the labour market. The higher the
level of education, the greater is women's participation in the labour
market. [Becker (1980); Mincer (1980)]. However, the structuralist
school does not look at it so simply. In their view there are many other
factors besides education which compel women to· sell their labour
power. [Benham (1980); Strober (1980)]. The principal factor compelling
women to sell their labour is income. Therefore, according to the
structuralist school the lower is women's household income, the greater
is their compulsion to enter the labour market. How does this square
with neoclassical theory? The structuralist school states that household
income is the primary determinant of women's sale of labour power.
Therefore, in a society divided by income groups lower income class
women will tend to sell their labour power more. However, within each
income group an increase in education will increase the supply of
women's labour and its returns. Due to inadequate data, relatively
little analytical work on this issue has been undertaken so the present
study is an attempt to explore why some married women are engaged in
earning activities, while some of them are not. Our sample consists of
ever-married women, because normally they are considered independent,
and their status is equal to their male partners. So they have
relatively more choice in entering the labour market compared to
unmarried women. A comparison of this kind will help us to identify the
factors besides education in determining women's supply of labour in the
market.
Integrated System of National Accounts for Pakistan: Concepts,
Sources and Methods in Brief
Authors: Havinga Ivo C. , Andel W. A. Van Den
Published: August 2018

The function of the national accounts is to provide an
interrelated and consistent set of economic statistics of the
transactors in the economy. Those statistics relate to the circular flow
in the economy of production, consumption and accumulation. They are
used to assess the performance of the economy and should facilitate the
application of economic theory. In Pakistan, a systematic design of the
system of national·accounts has been lacking. Basically, the system is
limited to macro economic production statistics on value-ad~ed by
sectors and expenditure series. Moreover, the present system lacks
internal consistency checks. Discrepancies cannot be assessed due to the
existence of residual sectors. As a result, the national accounls have
not been exploited in their function for the evaluation of the
performance of the economy. During the mid-1980s, a comprehensive review
of the system was made to improve the national accounts. The
recommendations which were formulated after the review stated that: The
system should be rebased from 1959-60 to 1980-81; The system should be
extended to include input-output tables, flow-of-funds and institutional
sector accounts; and The system should adopt the integrated national
accounts concepts.
The Iraq-Kuwait Conflict and the Developmental Scenario to the
Peninsula Arab Countries
Authors: Hussein Muluck M. A.
Published: August 2018

The press and news media has dealt with the recent Iraq-Kuwait
conflict in an exhaustive manner. This was quite natural because the
world is at present witnessing an information explosion, never known to
human history before. Despite all this, there are, however, reasons to
believe that most of the analysis presented in various dispatches and
reports have not been able to deal with the core issues which have
escaped the attention of the writers. This was perhaps quite natural
because a critical assessment of a certain event can only be done if
facts are known and there is in addition a continuous engagement of the
experts with the problem under discussion. But this approach may also
not be the right one to deal with a crisis which has many a dimension
and can, therefore, be looked at from different angles. The crisis under
discussion is one which has a global character and can therefore be
interpreted in one way or another depending on the writer's own
intellectual commitment or vested interests. As such, it is this
confusing aspect of the exercise which does not allow a purely objective
assessment of the problem. Despite this shortcoming, there, is, however,
the desperate need to look at the issue in an objective manner and in
conformity with the contemporary spirit governing the various political
constellations and their specific thrusts.