bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasmas for texturing, cleaning, and deposition: towards a one pump down process for heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Moreno Mario , Daineka Dmitri , Roca i Cabarrocas Pere
Published: February 2010

Low temperature plasma deposition of a‐Si:H thin films has emerged as a promising alternative for high efficiency hetero junction (HJ) solar cells. In this work we study plasma processes for texturing and cleaning c‐Si wafers pursuing a low cost dry fabrication process of HJ solar cells. We have studied two independent plasma processes: i) Texturing of c‐Si wafers using SF6 ‐ O2 plasmas in a RIE system, in order to reduce the surface reflectance and therefore improve the light trapping. The effects of the RF power and gas ratio on the c‐Si surface texture have been studied in detail. Highly textured surfaces, with very low reflectance values (around 6% in the range of 300 – 1000 nm) have been achieved. ii) Etching of the native oxide and passivation of the c‐Si surface by plasma, in a standard RF PECVD system. We used SiF4 plasma with optimized conditions for an efficient native oxide removal, and without breaking the vacuum, 40 nm of a‐Si:H were deposited in order to passivate the c‐Si surface. High effective lifetime values were obtained (τeff ≈ 1.5 ms), providing high implicit open circuit voltages (Voc ≈ 0.713 V) and low surface recombination velocities (Seff < 9 cm s‐1). (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrical properties of thin‐films wide‐band gap semiconductor TiO2 prepared by CVD
Authors: Bessergenev V. , Gomes H. L.
Published: February 2010

High dielectric constant TiO2 thin films are promising for gate insulator in 100‐nm microelectronic technology. In this study rutile and anatase phase TiO2 thin films were prepared by Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) method. Bulk and surface chemical composition of thin films were characterized by high‐resolution Laser Ionization Mass Spectrometry (LIMS) and by X‐ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS). Crystal structure was studied by (XRD). Silicon based Metal‐Insulator semiconductor (MIS) capacitors formed on the high‐k dielectric TiO2were fabricated and characterized using small signal impedance studies as function of frequency and current vs voltage measurements. As it was shown from I–V characteristics, the Shockley equation adequately describes the conductivity mechanism in low field region. By analysis of I–V characteristics it was also found that there is change in carrier conduction mechanism from Shockley regime to the nonlinear Frenkel–Poole mechanism. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Development of LASER fired contacts on silicon heterojunction solar cells for the application to rear contact structures
Authors: Muñoz D. , Desrues T. , Ribeyron P.‐J. , Orpella A. , Martin I. , Voz C. , Alcubilla R.
Published: February 2010

In this work, we present our progress in contacting both doped and undoped a‐Si:H layers using a LASER tool and show some applications for three different HJ solar cell designs: standard (p‐type), rear emitter (n‐type) and back contact (n‐type). First, we have fabricated 25 cm2 standard and rear emitter double heterojunction (DHJ) solar cells on planar 1‐5 Ω.cm n‐type FZ c‐Si wafers using intrinsic instead of the p‐doped a‐Si:H layers. The influence of the different parameters of the LASER firing (pitch, number of pulses and energy) has been deeply studied to find optimized conditions. Solar cells have been obtained systematically with reasonable efficiencies although we have observed that the Voc is limiting the efficiency. Finally, we have also performed the Laser Fired Contacts (LFC) on lowly‐doped (p) a‐Si:H layers to compare the results obtained. We have observed that the LFC of the rear emitter contact enhances both short circuit current and fill factor while keeping the same Voc (646 mV). This leads to a 0.8% absolute increase of the cell efficiency. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
a‐SiC:H films deposited by PECVD for MEMS applications
Authors: Pelegrini Marcus V. , Rehder Gustavo P. , Pereyra Inés
Published: February 2010

In this work, we report on the deposition of stoichiometric a‐SiC:H with high Young's modulus and hardness for MEMS applications. A series of samples was deposited using different r.f. power densities in a PECVD system in order to explore the limits of the silane starving plasma condition and investigate the change of the deposition rate. Further, the density of the material was measured by a floatation method for the different deposition conditions. The residual stress was measured in the as‐deposited films and reduced by post‐deposition annealing. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Convection in an African Easterly Wave over West Africa and the eastern Atlantic: A model case study of Helene (2006)
Authors: Schwendike Juliane , Jones Sarah C.
Published: February 2010

Convective systems embedded in an African Easterly Wave (AEW) over West Africa and the eastern Atlantic in September 2006 are investigated. The study is based on COSMO model runs with a horizontal resolution of 2.8 km. The developing, mature and decaying phases of a mesoscale convective system over land are identified. Over the ocean, the convection consists of the development and decay of short‐lived systems. There are significant differences between the structure of convection over land and water. Over land, the updraught, heating and vertical vorticity are tilted in the vertical. Over water, the convective cores are upright and collocated with positive relative vorticity. The atmosphere is drier at mid‐levels over land, and stronger shear, downdraughts and a distinct cold pool occur. The influence of the convective systems on their environment is assessed with potential temperature and relative vorticity budgets for regions encompassing the convective systems. During the convective system's life cycle, the relative vorticity increased at the height of the African Easterly Jet over land due to the eddy‐flux term, whereas the relative vorticity maximum over the ocean moved downwards with time due to stretching. High values of low‐level relative vorticity were seen over the ocean before the AEW trough crossed the West African coast. The low‐level circulation that developed as a positive low‐level vorticity anomaly associated with the westward extension of the Saharan heat low moved over the Atlantic and southwestwards. In addition, positive vorticity associated with the low‐level monsoon flow contributed to this circulation. The cyclogenesis of Hurricane Helene was initiated when the mid‐level vorticity anomaly of the AEW moved over the low‐level circulation, initiating convection and enhancing the low‐level vorticity through vortex stretching. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
On the choice of the residual norm function in the interpretation of ARXPS data by regularized fitting
Authors: Paynter R. W. , Rondeau M.
Published: February 2010

Angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) data taken on a polystyrene film exposed to a nitrogen plasma are interpreted by the fitting of regularized depth profiles. Three ways of measuring the goodness of fit are compared—the χ2 statistic with variances drawn from the raw spectra, the χ2 statistic with variances drawn from the concentration figures obtained from the data analysis, and a simple sum of the squared differences (ssd) that does not require variances to be calculated. It is shown that for these data, the depth profiles obtained using an objective method for the choice of the regularization parameter are essentially identical irrespective of whether or how the variances are introduced into the calculation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Annealing effect on the structural and magnetic properties of nickel ferrite thin films
Authors: Dixit G. , Singh J. P. , Srivastava R. C. , Agrawal H. M. , Choudhary R. J. , Gupta A.
Published: February 2010

Nickel ferrite is a soft magnetic material with inverse spinel structure. Soft ferrite films are used in microwave devices, integrated planar circuits, etc., because of their high resistivity. In this work, thin films of nickel ferrite were deposited on Si (100) substrate by using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The thickness of the film was measured by surface profilometer and also by X‐ray reflectivity (XRR). The films were annealed at three different temperatures to observe the effect on the structural and magnetic properties of the film. The films were characterised by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) to study the structural and magnetic properties. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intercellular nanotubes: insights from imaging studies and beyond
Authors: Hurtig Johan , Chiu Daniel T. , Önfelt Björn
Published: February 2010

Cell‐cell communication is critical to the development, maintenance, and function of multicellular organisms. Classical mechanisms for intercellular communication include secretion of molecules into the extracellular space and transport of small molecules through gap junctions. Recent reports suggest that cells also can communicate over long distances via a network of transient intercellular nanotubes. Such nanotubes have been shown to mediate intercellular transfer of organelles as well as membrane components and cytoplasmic molecules. Moreover, intercellular nanotubes have been observed in vivo and have been shown to enhance the transmission of pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1 and prions in vitro. These studies indicate that intercellular nanotubes may play a role both in normal physiology and in disease. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2010 2 260–276

This article is categorized under:

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
The effects of early and late bone marrow transplantation in siblings with alpha‐mannosidosis. Is early haematopoietic cell transplantation the preferred treatment option?
Authors: Broomfield A. A. , Chakrapani A. , Wraith J. E.
Published: February 2010

This article documents both the neurological and physical outcomes of the first published set of siblings undergoing transplantation at differing ages for α‐mannosidosis. The older brother, the index case, was diagnosed at the age of 3 years and underwent transplantation at 13 years for the treatment of increasing somatic problems and recurrent infections. The younger brother had undergone transplantation pre‐symptomatically at 6 months of age. Their clinical, radiological and developmental outcomes are documented and compared with the previous published cases, with the case for early transplantation being weighted against other potential therapies.
The Trajectory of (Corporate Law) Scholarship
Authors: Cheffins Brian R.
Published: February 2010

Professor Cheffins' lecture offers a path-breaking examination of potential trajectories for legal scholarship. Considerable attention is devoted to academic writing on law, but little has been said about the process by which the relevant literature evolves. This lecture focuses directly on the evolution of legal scholarship. It identifies five potential trajectories, revolving around concepts such as 'progress', 'paradigms', the marketplace for ideas, intellectual cycles, and fads and fashions. Professor Cheffins offers a summary of each trajectory and then tests the propositions he has advanced by means of a case study dealing with corporate law. He argues that scholarly trends in law develop in a manner that is at least partially consistent with each of the trajectories he identifies, but acknowledges that none captures fully the dynamics at work.
Strange Parallels
Authors: Lieberman Victor
Published: February 2010

This ambitious work has two novel goals: to overcome the extreme fragmentation of early Southeast Asian historiography, and to connect Southeast Asian to world history. Combining careful local research with wide-ranging theory Lieberman argues that over a thousand years, each of mainland Southeast Asia's great lowland corridors experienced a pattern of accelerating integration punctuated by recurrent collapse. These trajectories were synchronized not only between corridors, but most curiously, between the mainland as a whole, much of Europe, and other sectors of Eurasia. He describes in detail the nature of mainland consolidation - which was simultaneously territorial, religious, ethnic, and commercial - and dissects the mix of endogenous and external factors responsible. Here, then, is a fundamentally original analysis not only of Southeast Asia, but of the pre-modern world.
Quadratic Forms with Applications to Algebraic Geometry and Topology
Authors: Pfister Albrecht
Published: February 2010

This volume has grown out of lectures given by Professor Pfister over many years. The emphasis here is placed on results about quadratic forms that give rise to interconnections between number theory, algebra, algebraic geometry and topology. Topics discussed include Hilbert's 17th problem, the Tsen-Lang theory of quasi algebraically closed fields, the level of topological spaces and systems of quadratic forms over arbitrary fields. Whenever possible proofs are short and elegant, and the author's aim was to make this book as self-contained as possible. This is a gem of a book bringing together thirty years' worth of results that are certain to interest anyone whose research touches on quadratic forms.
Nets, Terms and Formulas
Authors: Olderog E. -R.
Published: February 2010

The author presents a theory of concurrent processes where three different semantic description methods that are usually studied in isolation are brought together. Petri nets describe processes as concurrent and interacting machines; algebraic process terms describe processes as abstract concurrent processes; and logical formulas specify the intended communication behaviour of processes. At the heart of this theory are two sets of transformation rules for the top-down design of concurrent processes. The first set can be used to transform stepwise logical formulas into process terms, whilst process terms can be transformed into Petri nets by the second set. These rules are based on novel techniques for the operational and denotational semantics of concurrent processes. Various results and relationships between nets, terms and formulas starting with formulas and illustrated by examples. The use of transformations is demonstrated in a series of case studies, and the author also identifies directions for research.
Structural Analysis
Authors: Heyman Jacques
Published: February 2010

This volume provides a concise, historical review of the methods of structural analysis and design - from Galileo in the seventeenth century, to the present day. Through it, students in structural engineering and professional engineers will gain a deeper understanding of the theory behind the modern software packages they use daily in structural design. This book also offers the reader a lucid examination of the process of structural analysis and how it relates to modern design. The first three chapters cover questions about the strength of materials, and how to calculate local effects. An account is then given of the development of the equations of elastic flexure and buckling, followed by a separate chapter on masonry arches. Three chapters on the overall behaviour of elastic structures lead to a discussion of plastic behaviour, and a final chapter indicates that there are still problems needing solution.
Non-Classical Problems in the Theory of Elastic Stability
Authors: Elishakoff Isaac , Li Yiwei , Starnes, Jr James H.
Published: February 2010

When a structure is put under an increasing compressive load, it becomes unstable and buckling occurs. Buckling is a particularly significant concern in designing shell structures such as aircraft, automobiles, ships, or bridges. This book discusses stability analysis and buckling problems and offers practical tools for dealing with uncertainties that exist in real systems. The techniques are based on two complementary theories which are developed in the text. First, the probabilistic theory of stability is presented, with particular emphasis on reliability. Both theoretical and computational issues are discussed. Secondly, the authors present the alternative to probability based on the notion of 'anti-optimization', a theory that is valid when the necessary information for probabilistic analysis is absent, that is, when only scant data are available. Design engineers, researchers, and graduate students in aerospace, mechanical, marine, and civil engineering who are concerned with issues of structural integrity will find this book a useful reference source.
The Theory of Complex Angular Momenta
Authors: Gribov V. N.
Published: February 2010

This 2003 book provides a rigorous introduction to the theory of complex angular momenta, based on the methods of field theory. It comprises an English translation of the series of lectures given by V. N. Gribov in 1969, when the physics of high-energy hadron interactions was being created. Besides their historical significance, these lectures contain material which is highly relevant to research today. The basic physical results and the approaches Gribov developed are now being rediscovered in an alternative context: in the microscopic theory of hadrons provided by quantum chromodynamics. The ideas and calculation techniques presented in this book are useful for analysing high-energy hadron scattering phenomena, deep inelastic lepton-hadron scattering, the physics of heavy ion collisions, kinetic phenomena in phase transitions, and will be instrumental in the analysis of electroweak processes at the next-generation particle accelerators, such as LHC and TESLA.
Psychoeducation Manual for Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Colom Francesc , Vieta Eduard , Scott Jan
Published: February 2010

Although the mainstay of bipolar therapy is drug treatment, psychoeducation is a technique that has proven to be very effective as an add-on to medication, helping to reduce the number of all types of bipolar recurrences and hospitalisation. The object is to improve patients' understanding of the disorder and therefore their adherence to pharmacotherapy. Based on the highly successful, evidence-based Barcelona program, this book is a pragmatic, therapists' guide for how to implement psychoeducation for bipolar patients. It gives practical guidance for how to conduct a psychoeducation group, using sessions and cases drawn from the Barcelona Psychoeducation Program. Moreover, it provides the reader with a great amount of practical tips and tricks and specific techniques to maximize the benefits of bipolar psychoeducation. The authors formed the first group to show the efficacy of psychoeducation as a maintenance treatment and have a long history of performing bipolar psychoeducation.
Buddhist Monk, Buddhist Layman
Authors: Bunnag Jane
Published: February 2010

Most anthropological and sociological studies of Buddhism have concentrated on village and rural Buddhism. This is a systematic anthropological study of monastic organization and monk-layman interaction in a purely urban context in the countries where Theravada Buddhism is practised, namely, Burma, Cambodia, Ceylon, Laos and Thailand. The material presented is based on fieldwork carried out in Ayutthaya, Central Thailand. Dr Bunnag describes and analyses the socio-economic and ritual relations existing between the monk and the lay community, and she demonstrates the way in which the role of the monk is used by some men, wittingly or otherwise, as a social stepping-stone, in that for the son of a farmer a period in the monkhood can provide the education and contacts necessary to facilitate his assimilation into the urban lay community at a social and economic level which would otherwise have been impossible. Finally, Dr Bunnag places the material presented in a broader theoretical context by reviewing it in relation to anthropological discussions concerning the nature of Thai society as a whole.
Relativistic Fluids and Magneto-fluids
Authors: Anile A. M.
Published: February 2010

This highly acclaimed series of monographs provides introductory accounts of specialized topics in mathematical physics for graduate students and research workers. The monographs in this series are of outstanding scholarship and written by those at the very frontiers of research. Subject areas covered include cosmology, astrophysics, relativity theory, particle physics, quantum theory, nuclear physics, statistical mechanics, condensed matter physics, plasma physics and the theory of chaos.
Irregularities of Distribution
Authors: Beck Jozsef , Chen William W. L.
Published: February 2010

This book is an authoritative description of the various approaches to and methods in the theory of irregularities of distribution. The subject is primarily concerned with number theory, but also borders on combinatorics and probability theory. The work is in three parts. The first is concerned with the classical problem, complemented where appropriate with more recent results. In the second part, the authors study generalizations of the classical problem, pioneered by Schmidt. Here, they include chapters on the integral equation method of Schmidt and the more recent Fourier transform technique. The final part is devoted to Roth's '1/4-theorem'.
Singularities of Plane Curves
Authors: Casas-Alvero Eduardo
Published: February 2010

This book provides a comprehensive and self-contained exposition of the algebro-geometric theory of singularities of plane curves, covering both its classical and its modern aspects. The book gives a unified treatment, with complete proofs, presenting modern results which have only ever appeared in research papers. It updates and correctly proves a number of important classical results for which there was formerly no suitable reference, and includes new, previously unpublished results as well as applications to algebra and algebraic geometry. This book will be useful as a reference text for researchers in the field. It is also suitable as a textbook for postgraduate courses on singularities, or as a supplementary text for courses on algebraic geometry (algebraic curves) or commutative algebra (valuations, complete ideals).
Paul in Ecstasy
Authors: Shantz Colleen
Published: February 2010

While many readers of Paul's letters recognize how important his experience was to his life and thought, Biblical scholars have not generally addressed this topic head-on. Colleen Shantz argues that they have been held back both by a bias against religious ecstasy and by the limits of the Biblical texts: How do you responsibly access someone else's experience, particularly experience as unusual and debated as religious ecstasy? And how do you account responsibly for the role of experience in that person's thought? Paul in Ecstasy pursues these questions through a variety of disciplines – most notably neuroscience. This study provides cogent explanations for bewildering passages in Paul's letters, outlines a much greater influence of such experience in Paul's life and letters, and points to its importance in Christian origins.
Auguste Comte
Authors: Pickering Mary
Published: February 2010

This volume begins to explore the life and works of Auguste Comte during his so-called second career, the controversial period that began in 1842 and lasted until his death. This volume covers the years from 1842 to 1852, when Comte transformed his positive philosophy into a political and religious movement. It represents the first in-depth study of that movement. Focusing on key books, such as the Discours sur l'ensemble du positivisme, Mary Pickering connects Comte's intellectual development to the tumultuous historical context and to episodes in his personal life, especially his famous relationship with Clotilde de Vaux. The book examines for the first time why workers, doctors, women, and famous writers, such as John Stuart Mill, George Henry Lewes, and Emile Littré, were drawn to his thought.
Religious Liberty and International Law in Europe
Authors: Evans Malcolm D.
Published: February 2010

The freedom of religion is one of the oldest and most controversial of the claims that are recognized as forming part of the corpus of human rights. In this important and fascinating book Malcolm Evans provides a detailed account of the ways in which the freedom of religious belief came to be incorporated into the legislation of the countries of Europe. He goes on to examine the mechanisms by which this freedom is guaranteed, and a number of problematic cases which have recently been discussed in the Council of Europe. In a concluding section he outlines a number of developments which will influence the direction that the search for the protection of religious liberty under international law may take.
Reinforcement of Polymer Nano-Composites
Authors: Vilgis T. A. , Heinrich G. , Klüppel M.
Published: February 2010

Reinforced rubber allows the production of passenger car tires with improved rolling resistance and wet grip. This book provides in-depth coverage of the physics behind elastomer reinforcement, with a particular focus on the modification of polymer properties using active fillers such as carbon black and silica. The authors build a firm theoretical base through a detailed discussion of the physics of polymer chains and matrices before moving on to describe reinforcing fillers and their applications in the improvement of the mechanical properties of high-performance rubber materials. Reinforcement is explored on all relevant length scales, from molecular to macroscopic, using a variety of methods ranging from statistical physics and computer simulations to experimental techniques. Presenting numerous technological applications of reinforcement in rubber such as tire tread compounds, this book is ideal for academic researchers and professionals working in polymer science.
Nutritional Strategies for the Very Low Birthweight Infant
Authors: Adamkin David H.
Published: February 2010

The goal of nutritional management in VLBW and ELBW infants is the achievement of postnatal growth at a rate that approximates the intrauterine growth of a normal fetus at the same postconceptional age. In reality, however, growth lags considerably after birth; although non-nutritional factors are involved, nutrient deficiencies are critical in explaining delayed growth. This practical clinically-oriented pocketbook reviews and summarises all available clinical evidence. It enables the reader to implement parenteral or enteral feeding plans, with the goals of reducing postnatal weight loss, earlier return to birthweight, and improved catch-up growth. Both nutrient balance and growth and the impact on neurodevelopment and health outcomes are evaluated. With many tables and algorithms to summarise key data and management strategies, Nutritional Strategies for the Very Low Birthweight Infant is an invaluable guide for all healthcare professionals caring for premature babies.
Expression and Meaning
Authors: Searle John R.
Published: February 2010

John Searle's Speech Acts made a highly original contribution to work in the philosophy of language. Expression and Meaning is a direct successor, concerned to develop and refine the account presented in Searle's earlier work, and to extend its application to other modes of discourse such as metaphor, fiction, reference, and indirect speech arts. Searle also presents a rational taxonomy of types of speech acts and explores the relation between the meanings of sentences and the contexts of their utterance. The book points forward to a larger theme implicit in these problems - the basis certain features of speech have in the intentionality of mind, and even more generally, the relation of the philosophy of language to the philosophy of mind.
Russia Confronts Chechnya
Authors: Dunlop John B.
Published: February 2010

In this book John Dunlop provides an understanding of the background to the Russian invasion of Chechnya in December 1994, tracing events from 4,000 BC to the time of the invasion. The historic encounter between Chechens and Russians, first during pre-Petrine, and then with imperial Russia, is carefully examined. The genocide and oppression endured by the Chechens under the communists is discussed in detail. The convulsive 'Chechen Revolution' of 1991, which brought General Dzhokhar Dudaev to power, is described, as are internal developments within Chechnya during 1992–4. The author traces the negotiation process between the Russian Federation and secessionist Chechnya, elucidating the reasons for the breakdown of the quest for a peaceful resolution of the conflict.
The Great War in History
Authors: Winter Jay , Prost Antoine
Published: February 2010

Since the Armistice, a vast literature has been produced on the First World War and its repercussions. In this 2005 book, two leading historians from the United States and France have produced a fully comparative analysis of the ways in which this history has been written and interpreted. The book identifies three generations of historians, literary scholars, film directors and writers who have commented upon the war. Through a thematic structure, it assesses not only diplomatic and military studies but also the social and cultural interpretations of the Great War as seen primarily through the eyes of French, German and British writers. It provides a fascinating case study of the practice of history in the twentieth century and of the enduring importance of the national lens in shaping historical narrative. This interesting study will prove invaluable reading to scholars and students in history, war studies, European history and international relations.
The Rights of Refugees under International Law
Authors: Hathaway James C.
Published: February 2010

This book presents the first comprehensive analysis of the human rights of refugees as set by the UN Refugee Convention. In an era where States are increasingly challenging the logic of simply assimilating refugees to their own citizens, questions are now being raised about whether refugees should be allowed to enjoy freedom of movement, to work, to access public welfare programs, or to be reunited with family members. Doubts have been expressed about the propriety of exempting refugees from visa and other immigration rules, and whether there is a duty to admit refugees at all. Hathaway links the standards of the UN Refugee Convention to key norms of international human rights law, and applies his analysis to the world's most difficult protection challenges. This is a critical resource for advocates, judges, and policymakers. It will also be a pioneering scholarly work for graduate students of international and human rights law.
Lexical Categories
Authors: Baker Mark C.
Published: February 2010

For decades, generative linguistics has said little about the differences between verbs, nouns, and adjectives. This book seeks to fill this theoretical gap by presenting simple and substantive syntactic definitions of these three lexical categories. Mark C. Baker claims that the various superficial differences found in particular languages have a single underlying source which can be used to give better characterizations of these 'parts of speech'. These definitions are supported by data from languages from every continent, including English, Italian, Japanese, Edo, Mohawk, Chichewa, Quechua, Choctaw, Nahuatl, Mapuche, and several Austronesian and Australian languages. Baker argues for a formal, syntax-oriented, and universal approach to the parts of speech, as opposed to the functionalist, semantic, and relativist approaches that have dominated the few previous works on this subject. This book will be welcomed by researchers and students of linguistics and by related cognitive scientists of language.
Stochastic Optimization in Continuous Time
Authors: Chang Fwu-Ranq
Published: February 2010

First published in 2004, this is a rigorous but user-friendly book on the application of stochastic control theory to economics. A distinctive feature of the book is that mathematical concepts are introduced in a language and terminology familiar to graduate students of economics. The standard topics of many mathematics, economics and finance books are illustrated with real examples documented in the economic literature. Moreover, the book emphasises the dos and don'ts of stochastic calculus, cautioning the reader that certain results and intuitions cherished by many economists do not extend to stochastic models. A special chapter (Chapter 5) is devoted to exploring various methods of finding a closed-form representation of the value function of a stochastic control problem, which is essential for ascertaining the optimal policy functions. The book also includes many practice exercises for the reader. Notes and suggested readings are provided at the end of each chapter for more references and possible extensions.
Study Design and Statistical Analysis
Authors: Katz Mitchell
Published: February 2010

This book takes the reader through the entire research process: choosing a question, designing a study, collecting the data, using univariate, bivariate and multivariable analysis, and publishing the results. It does so by using plain language rather than complex derivations and mathematical formulae. It focuses on the nuts and bolts of performing research by asking and answering the most basic questions about doing research studies. Making good use of numerous tables, graphs and tips, this book helps to demystify the process. A generous number of up-to-date examples from the clinical literature give an illustrated and practical account of how to use multivariable analysis.
Perspectives on Labour Law
Authors: Davies A. C. L.
Published: February 2010

This is an accessible but thought-provoking introduction to labour law. It is suitable for those coming to the subject for the first time, and it will also be of interest to more advanced students, including postgraduates, who need to think about the subject's broader themes. The academic literature on labour law makes considerable use of human rights arguments and of economic analysis. Both of these approaches provide valuable insights into the underlying policy of the law but they can be rather off-putting for students who do not know the international human rights instruments, or who have no background in economics. This book introduces these wider perspectives on labour law and then applies them to a selection of topics, including anti-discrimination law, dismissal, working time, pay, consultation and collective bargaining, trade union membership and industrial action.
Problems and Solutions in Biological Sequence Analysis
Authors: Borodovsky Mark , Ekisheva Svetlana
Published: February 2010

This book is the first of its kind to provide a large collection of bioinformatics problems with accompanying solutions. Notably, the problem set includes all of the problems offered in Biological Sequence Analysis (BSA), by Durbin et al., widely adopted as a required text for bioinformatics courses at leading universities worldwide. Although many of the problems included in BSA as exercises for its readers have been repeatedly used for homework and tests, no detailed solutions for the problems were available. Bioinformatics instructors had therefore frequently expressed a need for fully worked solutions and a larger set of problems for use on courses. This book provides just that: following the same structure as BSA and significantly extending the set of workable problems, it will facilitate a better understanding of the contents of the chapters in BSA and will help its readers develop problem-solving skills that are vitally important for conducting successful research in the growing field of bioinformatics. All of the material has been class-tested by the authors at Georgia Tech, where the first ever M.Sc. degree program in Bioinformatics was held.
Master and Servant
Authors: Steedman Carolyn
Published: February 2010

Leading historian Carolyn Steedman offers a fascinating and compelling account of love, life and domestic service in eighteenth-century England. This book, situated in the regional and chronological epicentre of E. P. Thompson's The Making of the English Working Class and Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights, focuses on the relationship between a Church of England clergyman (the Master of the title) and his pregnant maidservant in the late eighteenth century. This case-study of people behaving in ways quite contrary to the standard historical account sheds new light on the much wider historical questions of Anglicanism as social thought, the economic history of the industrial revolution, domestic service, the poor law, literacy, education, and the very making of the English working class. It offers a unique meditation on the relationship between history and literature and will be of interest to scholars and students of industrial England, social and cultural history and English literature.
Same-Sex Marriage and the Constitution
Authors: Gerstmann Evan
Published: February 2010

Following the widely reviewed success of the first edition, the updated and expanded second edition of Same-Sex Marriage and the Constitution argues that there is a long-standing constitutional protection of the right to marry that applies to same-sex couples. Balancing strong advocacy of this position with respectful engagement with those who oppose same-sex marriage, Evan Gerstmann concludes not only that the Constitution protects same-sex marriage but that it is the proper role of the courts to enforce this right. The book also takes on many of the same-sex marriage myths: that it will lead down that 'slippery slope' to such things as polygamy, that same-sex marriage has been a political albatross for liberals and progressives, and that courts are 'usurping' the democratic process. Without overheated rhetoric or legal jargon, Gerstmann makes the case for same-sex marriage as a constitutional guarantee.
Nazism, Fascism and the Working Class
Authors: Mason Timothy W.
Published: February 2010

This collection of essays, four of which are published in English for the first time, represents the life's work of the historian Tim Mason, one of the most original and perceptive scholars of National Socialism, who pioneered its social and labour history. His provocative articles and essays, written between 1964 and 1990, exhibit a combination of empirical rigour and theoretical astuteness which made them landmarks in the definition and elaboration of major debates in the historiography of National Socialism. These ten essays collect together Mason's most significant writings, including discussions of the domestic origins of the Second World War, the role of Hitler, and the character of working-class resistance, as well as his pathbreaking study of women under National Socialism, and examples of comparative work on fascism and Nazism. A complete bibliography of his publications is also appended.
Statistical Analysis of Spherical Data
Authors: Fisher N. I. , Lewis T. , Embleton B. J. J.
Published: February 2010

This is the first comprehensive, yet clearly presented, account of statistical methods for analysing spherical data. The analysis of data, in the form of directions in space or of positions of points on a spherical surface, is required in many contexts in the earth sciences, astrophysics and other fields, yet the methodology required is disseminated throughout the literature. Statistical Analysis of Spherical Data aims to present a unified and up-to-date account of these methods for practical use. The emphasis is on applications rather than theory, with the statistical methods being illustrated throughout the book by data examples.
New Directions in Solid State Chemistry
Authors: Rao C. N. R. , Gopalakrishnan J.
Published: February 2010

In the new edition of this widely praised textbook, all the chapters have been revised and the authors have brought the work completely up to date by the addition of new material on numerous topics. In recent years, solid state chemistry has emerged as a very important element of mainstream chemistry and materials science. Students, teachers and researchers need to understand the chemistry of solids because of the crucial role this plays in determining the properties of materials. An understanding of solid state chemistry is also essential in materials design, and many fascinating relationships between the structure and properties of solids have been discovered by chemists. This text requires only an understanding of basic physics, chemistry and crystallography, and is enhanced with the most recent examples, case studies and references. It will be of value to advanced students and researchers studying solid state chemistry and materials science as a text and reference work.
Potential Theory in the Complex Plane
Authors: Ransford Thomas
Published: February 2010

Potential theory is the broad area of mathematical analysis encompassing such topics as harmonic and subharmonic functions, the Dirichlet problem, harmonic measure, Green's functions, potentials and capacity. This is an introduction to the subject suitable for beginning graduate students, concentrating on the important case of two dimensions. This permits a simpler treatment than other books, yet is still sufficient for a wide range of applications to complex analysis; these include Picard's theorem, the Phragmén–Lindelöf principle, the Koebe one-quarter mapping theorem and a sharp quantitative form of Runge's theorem. In addition there is a chapter on connections with functional analysis and dynamical systems, which shows how the theory can be applied to other parts of mathematics, and gives a flavour of some recent research. Exercises are provided throughout, enabling the book to be used with advanced courses on complex analysis or potential theory.
A Mathematical Introduction to Wavelets
Authors: Wojtaszczyk P.
Published: February 2010

This book presents a mathematical introduction to the theory of orthogonal wavelets and their uses in analysing functions and function spaces, both in one and in several variables. Starting with a detailed and self contained discussion of the general construction of one dimensional wavelets from multiresolution analysis, the book presents in detail the most important wavelets: spline wavelets, Meyer's wavelets and wavelets with compact support. It then moves to the corresponding multivariable theory and gives genuine multivariable examples. Wavelet decompositions in Lp spaces, Hardy spaces and Besov spaces are discussed and wavelet characterisations of those spaces are provided. Also included are some additional topics like periodic wavelets or wavelets not associated with a multiresolution analysis. This will be an invaluable book for those wishing to learn about the mathematical foundations of wavelets.
Taxation, Wage Bargaining, and Unemployment
Authors: Mares Isabela
Published: February 2010

Why were European economies able to pursue the simultaneous commitment to full employment and welfare state expansion during the first decades of the postwar period and why did this virtuous relationship break down during recent decades? This book provides an answer to this question, by highlighting the critical importance of a political exchange between unions and governments, premised on wage moderation in exchange for the expansion of social services and transfers. The strategies pursued by these actors in these political exchanges are influenced by existing wage bargaining institutions, the character of monetary policy and by the level and composition of social policy transfers. The book demonstrates that the gradual growth in the fiscal burden has undermined the effectiveness of this political exchange, lowering the ability of unions' wage policies to affect employment outcomes.
Statistical Thermodynamics and Microscale Thermophysics
Authors: Carey Van P.
Published: February 2010

Many of the exciting new developments in microscale engineering are based on the application of traditional principles of statistical thermodynamics. This book offers a modern view of thermodynamics, interweaving classical and statistical thermodynamic principles and applying them to current engineering systems. It begins with coverage of microscale energy storage mechanisms from a quantum mechanics perspective and develops the fundamentals of classical and statistical thermodynamics. Next, applications of equilibrium statistical thermodynamics to solid, liquid, and gas phase systems are discussed. The remainder of the book discusses nonequilibrium thermodynamics of transport phenomena and introduces nonequilibrium effects and noncontinuum behaviour at the microscale. Although the text emphasizes mathematical development, it includes many examples and exercises illustrating how the theoretical concepts are applied to systems of scientific and engineering interest. It offers a fresh view of statistical thermodynamics for advanced undergraduate and graduate students as well as practitioners in mechanical, chemical, and materials engineering.
Molecular differentiation of fourReptalusspecies (Hemiptera: Cixiidae)
Authors: Bertin S. , Picciau L. , Ács Z. , Alma A. , Bosco D.
Published: February 2010

The cixiid speciesReptalus quinquecostatus,R. cuspidatus,R. panzeriandR. melanochaetusare widely distributed in Europe and are receiving growing attention because of their potential role as phytoplasma vectors. Identifying theReptalusspecies is restricted to a few specialist entomologists and relies on the morphology of the male genitalia, hampering the identification of juveniles and females. This study provides the tools for species discrimination by integrating the morphological description, which is primarily for the genus identification, with new molecular assays, based on both ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA. PCR-RFLP assays carried out on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) withAluI provided species-specific profiles for the fourReptalusspecies. Amplification of a ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) region produced species-specific fragments of different sizes forR. quinquecostatus,R. melanochaetus,R. cuspidatusandR. panzeri. The digestion of the ITS2 PCR product withTaqI allowed the discrimination of these latter two species. This molecular identification key ensures reliable results and can be successfully applied not only to adults, but also to the nymphs feeding on the roots. The identification of the nymphs (i) extends the collection period of these monovoltine species to the whole year (adults are present for a short summer period) and (ii) allows the unambiguous identification of their actual host plants because nymphs are steady on the root system while adults tend to disperse onto other plants. Fast and reliable identification of theReptalusspecies provides useful help in monitoring activities and, therefore, in designing rational control strategies to protect crops from phytoplasma infection.