bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-conservative: A proposal for theological polarisation in Indonesia
Authors: Sirait Jannes E.
Published: September 2024

Indonesia, as a country with rich diversity, faces a significant challenge in the form of polarisation, which occurs not only in the political sphere but also in religion and belief. In the context of Christian theological education in Indonesia, polarisation also occurs between conservative and liberal views. Conservatives adhere to literal interpretations and established doctrines, while liberals are more flexible and open to contextual interpretations. To address this polarisation, an approach that transcends both extremes is needed. This article proposes post-conservative thought as a conceptual solution for theological education in Indonesia. Postconservatism positions itself in the middle between conservative and liberal, recognising the importance of fundamental principles of faith while also being open to change and dialogue. This article employs a literature review method to analyse and develop a theoretical framework supporting the application of post-conservatism in Christian theological education in Indonesia. The analysis shows that postconservative theological education needs to be transformative, constructive-creative and liberating to break down polarisation and create inclusive, relevant and impactful education for society.Contribution: This study helps in integrating postconservative theology within theological education, fostering a more nuanced and transformative approach to interpreting Scriptures and addressing ethical and social issues. Interdisciplinary implications involve collaboration with social sciences, education, peace studies and health sciences to develop comprehensive strategies for community engagement, conflict resolution and holistic well-being.
Understanding God’s (im)mutability and (im)passibility: A Greek patristic point of view
Authors: Streza Ciprian
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that patristic theology has resolved the problem of God’s immutability, which is affirmed paradoxically Holy Scripture. This resolution has been achieved through clarifying of the distinction between God’s essence and his uncreated energies. The Eastern Fathers successfully synthesized key theological concepts: the changelessness of God and his dynamic activity in relation to creation. This synthesis is most profoundly articulated in the Palamite doctrine of the uncreated energies. These energies, while emanating from the changeless essence of God, are nevertheless subject to change. According to this teaching, God is a Trinity of Persons who exists on two primary planes: within himself and in his self-revelation, both in the realms of Theologia and Economia. He is unchangeable in essence, yet changeable, alive, active, and ever-new in his providential action of saving the world through his energies. Because he is transcendent, he can be immanent, instilling in the souls who love him a deeper thirst to know and experience him more profoundly.Contribution: The dogmatic formulas in Eastern Christianity are apophatic, antinomic and paradoxical because they encompass essentially contradictory aspects of a living and inexhaustibly rich reality. Thus, by their very nature, dogmas express everything: the infinite and the finite united – without losing their own being in all their dimensions.
Student perspectives of simulated learning to improve their dysphagia management
Authors: Adams Skye N. , Kater Kelly-Ann , Seedat Jaishika
Published: September 2024

Background: The use of simulation to enhance knowledge translation and bridge the theoretical-clinical gap to enhance clinical training and competency in health professions has received mixed reviews in the literature.Objectives: This research examined student perspectives of a simulation laboratory in speech therapy to improve students’ clinical competency when working with adults with communication and dysphagia impairments.Method: An exploratory descriptive pilot study was conducted in 2022 with 16 third-year speech-language therapy students. This mixed-methods study involved students completing purposefully developed pre-and post-surveys to explore their experiences with simulated teaching and learning and their perceptions of confidence. Data were analysed using an independent t-test. Following the surveys, the students participated in a focus group discussion about their simulation experience, and data were analysed using thematic analysis.Results: Student ratings of clinical skills improved from pre to post-simulation significantly overall and across six out of the eight items. The focus group revealed insights into students’ experiences, highlighting increased confidence, the benefits of making mistakes in a safe environment and improved preparedness to work with dysphagia in patients.Conclusion: While simulation serves as a valuable tool in enhancing clinical skills and building confidence, it must be used as an adjunct to real-life exposure and not as a replacement.Contribution: The integration of both simulated and real-life experiences is essential to provide a comprehensive and practical learning environment for students.
Sensory Neuronopathies: Clinical Presentation, Management, and Outcome
Authors: Maniyar Aamna , Ojha Pawan T , Chheda Akash , Mahto Anuradha P , Jagiasi Kamlesh A , Singh Rakesh K , Singh Rakesh , Chaudhary Gaurav S , Kharat Sumit , Shah Arjun G , Gaikwad Abhijeet , Nagendra Shashank , Aipu Bilia K
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives:

Sensory neuronopathies (SNNs) are a rare group of pure sensory disorders causing asymmetrical, multifocal pattern of sensory loss with distinct clinical and electrophysiological features. We aimed to study the clinical features and etiology and share the experience of treating SNN from our center.

Methods:

A prospective observational study was conducted over 3 years. Patients with predominant sensory complaints and electrophysiological evidence of neuropathy were evaluated. Possible/probable SNN was diagnosed using Camdessanch´e criteria. Detailed workup was done to determine the etiology and treatment given accordingly. Follow-up was done and response to treatment was assessed using modified Rankin Scale grading at 12 months.

Results:

Fourteen patients with SNN were studied. Two (14.3%) patients were diagnosed with Sjogren’s syndrome (SS-SNN), two (14.3%) with paraneoplastic syndrome, one (7.1%) with leprous ganglionitis, and nine (64.3%) were idiopathic sensory neuronopathy (I-SNN) cases. Improvement occurred in nine (64.3%), stability in three (21.4%), and worsening in two (14.3%) patients. Out of 11 SS-SNN and I-SNN patients, eight showed improvement on follow-up, seven with injection rituximab (RTX) and one with azathioprine. We found positive correlation between RTX treatment and improvement on follow-up (P = 0.0256). Six (66.66%) out of nine I-SNN patients had early initiation of immunotherapy, of which all improved. There was positive correlation between early treatment initiation time in I-SNN patients and improvement (P = 0.0119).

Conclusions:

Promising results were noted in SS-SNN and I-SNN patients with intensive treatment approach using RTX. Hit hard and early treatment approach is crucial for achieving improvement in sensory neuronopathies.
Family system and problematic technology usage
Authors: Neeraj M. S. , Nirmala Berigai Parthasarathy , Janardhana N. , Sharma Manoj Kumar
Published: September 2024

Technology plays a dual role in human life, offering both beneficial and adverse effects. McDaniel and Coyne defined “technoference” as recurring interruptions in relationships due to technology use, leading to conflicts, decreased relationship and life satisfaction, and depressive symptoms. Systems theory suggests that technology fundamentally alters family dynamics, shifting from personal connections to isolation within households. The structural family perspective notes that technology often lacks established roles and boundaries. Approximately three out of four families seeking help at tertiary care centers report interpersonal issues related to technology use. This paper uses a case illustration to apply family systems theory in conceptualizing and planning interventions for problematic technology usage. It emphasizes that many effective intervention packages, primarily developed in Western contexts, can be adapted to foster healthy technology use and improve interpersonal relationships in Indian families.
The Role of the Orbitofrontal Cortex in the Regulation of Fear Coping Strategies
Authors: Kuan Hsun-Yi , Chang Chun-hui
Published: September 2024

Under threats, individuals exhibit freezing behavior and prepare for active coping. The ability to flexibly shift between freezing and active coping increases survival chances in animals and decreases susceptibility to mental disorders among human beings. For example, patients with psychiatric disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder, often show maladaptive coping behaviors. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a critical hub to process higher cognitive functions, sensory inputs, reward learning, and decision-making. It also regulates negative emotions and its aberrant activation level often correlates with numerous mental disorders. The rodent OFC comprises different subdivisions with varying connections to cortical and subcortical regions. Among these subdivisions, the medial orbital area (MO) and the lateral orbital area (LO) have distinct functions in the regulation of fear. Here, we updated the existing rodent literature studying the function of the OFC, with a particular focus on the MO and the LO in different coping strategies of animals. By examining the role of the OFC in the mediation of defensive coping strategies, we aim to deepen the understanding of its functional importance on mental health.
Ayurvedic health-care arenas in the management of cancer in present scenario: A scoping review
Authors: Joglekar Aishwarya Ashish , Vyas Mahesh Kumar
Published: September 2024

The changing lifestyle, westernization of diet, and exposure to different types of carcinogens have resulted in the increasing burden of cancer over the globe. According to the National Institute of Cancer, the standard cancer treatment approaches include chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant, surgery, gene-targeted therapy, and drug therapy. Considering the rising burden of cancer, the integrative and Ayurveda-based approach, especially in preventive and promotive aspects of health, is of utmost importance to manage the condition. Thus, an attempt has been made to review available information and to tap the advancements in the field of integrative oncology focusing on Ayurveda and cancer treatment. A search through PubMed has been done, and classical references, wherever applicable, were drawn from Ayurveda Samhita texts. Considering the obtained information from the literature search; different aspects such as risk factors, prevention, Ayurveda-based understanding, Ayurveda interventions in the field of oncology, cytotoxic herbs, nanomedicine in Ayurveda cancer care, and success stories, where Ayurvedic approaches have been provided cancer care, are discussed in detail. The review revealed that Ayurveda can address the newer approach to riskier areas such as cancer. With a more research-oriented approach, Ayurveda can provide evidence-based solutions in the management of malignancies.
Burden and Risk Factors of Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Among Employees Working at an International Airport in Eastern India
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Alapan , Mukherjee Abhijit , Dhar Gautam , Rout Arup J.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Occupational noise-induced hearing loss (ONIHL) is the commonest occupational disease globally. However, literature on ONIHL in airport employees of developing countries is scarce.

Aims:

To assess the burden of ONIHL and its associated factors among employees working at an international airport in Eastern India.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 212 such airport employees who had been working in the airport for >1 year. By stratified random sampling, participants were recruited from airfield, terminal, and administration sections. ONIHL was measured using a portable audiometer and noise exposure using a sound-level meter.

Results:

The mean age was 34.1 ± 9.2 years, 89.2% were men. The mean year of working in the airport was 7.6 ± 6.3 years. The 8-hour-time-equivalent noise exposure ranged from 56.6 to 86.5 dBA. Approximately 50% of the employees do not wear any hearing protection equipment when working. Prevalence of ONIHL was found to be 7.6%. On multivariable analysis, higher noise exposure and use of hearing protection equipment were found to be positively and negatively associated with ONHIL, respectively.

Conclusion:

ONIHL was found to be prevalent among employees working at the airport, and focus should be given on reducing noise exposure levels and ensuring use of protective equipment among the employees.
A Descriptive Study of Pulmonary Function Comparison Between Spot Welding and Assembly Line Workers in a Large Automotive Factory in Iran
Authors: Saraei Maryam , Mehrdad Ramin , Naserpour Mahsa , Aminaian Omid , Pouryaghoub Gholamraza , Eftekhari Sahar , Vahdati Tahereh , Pouragha Hamidreza
Published: September 2024

Background:

This study seeks to define the pulmonary function of a considerably large group in one of the largest automotive companies in Iran. The aim of this study was to compare the two groups of spot-welding (exposed) and assembly line (unexposed) workers in terms of pulmonary function and conclude the probable impacts of metal fumes on pulmonary function in the two groups.

Methods:

A total of 1,798 spot-welding personnel and 2,160 assembly line personnel were compared in terms of pulmonary function. Moreover, 120 breathing zone samples were collected from the welders’ metal fumes and were analyzed. The parameters of age, anthropometric indices, smoking, and pulmonary symptoms were also compared with across the two groups.

Results:

Results revealed the FEV1 mean of the total population to be 3.9 ± 0.5 liters and FVC to have been 4.9 ± 0.7 liters. Besides, predicted FEV1 and FVC percentages across the whole population were close to 100%, suggesting the better condition of the studied population compared with normal individuals in the society. All the parameters of age, weight, height, and smoking status were similar in the two groups, and no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of pulmonary functions.

Conclusion:

Implementation of professional health and health improvement programs, running screening programs, and hiring personnel with no history of mild pulmonary disorders, and healthy workers effect at the recruitment stage could be the reasons behind the lack of significant difference between the two exposed and unexposed groups to metal fumes in the automotive industry in terms of pulmonary function.
A Critical Assessment of Boundary Limits of Health Risks Associated with WBV Exposure Based on Field Studies on LHD Vehicles in Indian Underground Coal Mines
Authors: Sharma Amit , Mandal Bibhuti B.
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

The mining sector plays a pivotal role in meeting global resource demands, necessitating the extensive use of heavy earth-moving machinery (HEMM). Among these, load-haul-dump (LHD) mining vehicles are vital but expose operators to whole-body vibration (WBV) and shocks during their duties. Research indicates potential health risks associated with occupational WBV exposure, including musculoskeletal disorders. Evaluating these risks typically employs ISO 2631-1:1997, which, however, has limitations in addressing long-term exposure and shock effects.

Methods:

This study quantifies the health risks of LHD operators in Indian underground coal mines using ISO 2631-5:2018 and compares it to ISO 2631-1:1997. The methods for risk quantification from WBV vary between the two standards, leading to a comprehensive comparison. In addition, a cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess self-reported musculoskeletal pain among LHD operators.

Results:

The results were compared in accordance with frequency-weighted root mean square (RMS) values, vibration dose values (VDV), daily compressive dose (Sd
A), and the risk of injury (RA) factor. The assessment using A(8), VDV, Sd
A, and RA produced diverse evaluations, influencing varying perspectives on occupational health despite significant risks. ISO 2631-5:2018 consistently suggested a lower health risk for LHD operators as opposed to ISO 2631-1:1997. Seat effective amplitude transmissibility (SEAT) values showed amplification of vibration in the range of 4-8 Hz. Self-reported musculoskeletal pain indicated the prevalence of discomfort among operators.

Conclusion:

The study emphasizes a cautious approach when interpreting results and shaping guidelines to ensure sustainable development through the well-being of mining industry workers.
Association Between Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and Vestibular Dysfunction in Workers Chronically Exposed to Occupational Noise
Authors: Nadri Hamed , Khavanin Ali , Kim In-Ju , Akbari Mehdi , Nadri Farshad , Yeganeh Reza
Published: September 2024

Background:

Despite the understanding of the association between noise exposure and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), the effects of noise on vestibular function are less well understood and neglected.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to investigate the function of the vestibular system in workers with NIHL.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty male textile workers with symmetrical NIHL (49.3 ± 4.5 dB at 4 kHz) and thirty healthy male textile office staff with normal hearing were included in this study. Pure tone audiometry using air conduction and bone conduction was used to determine hearing thresholds. The videonystagmography battery test, including the oculomotor test, caloric test, and video head impulse test (vHIT), was used for the evaluation of vestibular system function.

Results:

There was no difference in saccadic tracking, smooth pursuit tracking, and optokinetic nystagmus between the two groups. It was found that the abnormal vHIT was significantly higher in workers with NIHL (40%) than in the control group (3.3%). In addition, the abnormal caloric test was significantly higher in workers with NIHL (33.3%) than in the control group (0%). The association between the hearing thresholds of 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz and vestibular dysfunction was significant.

Conclusion:

This study provides evidence of the simultaneous occurrence of NIHL and vestibular dysfunction. In other words, the results support the role of noise as a risk factor for the development of vestibular dysfunction in textile workers.
Occupational Health Hazards of Unburnt Tobacco among the 1039 Rural Women Beedi Rollers in the Northern Districts of Telangana State
Authors: Reddy Penagaluru Pardhanandana , Vanitha Baluka , Madhuri Lakkampelly , Sultana Shehnaz , Manideep Busarapu , Prashanth Ch.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Women roll beedis from a young age and expose continuously to unburnt tobacco dust for many years. Due to poverty, ignorance, and lack of literacy, women and young individuals engage in less profitable occupation. The study was conducted in a large sample to know the occupational health morbidities in rural women.

Materials and Methods:

Women beedi rollers and nonbeedi rollers living in villages of Jagitial and Nizamabad districts were selected for the study. Individuals who signed consent are interviewed about their health profile using a predesigned standard questionnaire.

Result:

A high frequency of general health problems was observed in the present study. Hypertension, body pains, and headache are the most prevalent health issues observed in more than half of beedi rollers.

Conclusion:

Awareness programs must be implemented to decrease the health hazards and provide alternate job opportunities for better health.
Vaccine-induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia and Graft Thrombosis in a Renal Transplant Recipient
Authors: Shahanas P. S. , Unni V. Narayanan , Prasannan Minnu , Prasannan Bipi , Charles Deepak
Published: September 2024

The use of COVID-19 vaccines has been associated with sporadic reports of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia, a complication referred to as vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). Early recognition of this entity before the occurrence of thrombosis detected by imaging is termed as a pre-VITT syndrome. Thrombosis has been reported to occur in the cerebral venous system, splanchnic veins as well as arteries to the lower limbs. We present the case of a young renal transplant recipient who presented with VITT following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Covishield) vaccination; in this case, thrombosis occurred in the intrarenal arteries of the graft kidney.
Reactive Chemical Gastropathy in PostLung Transplant Patient: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Londhe Mangesh , Chhablani Nikita Ghanshamdas , Kendre Rahul
Published: September 2024

Reactive chemical gastropathy is also termed drug-induced gastropathy. The terms gastropathy and gastritis vary in their etiology ultimately causing mucosal injury. The gastric mucosa is different in different regions. The oxyntic mucosa is seen in the body and fundus while antral mucosa is seen in the antrum and pyloric region. Antral mucosa bares G-cell which gives fried egg appearance on hematoxylin and eosin stain. The normal gastric mucosa is devoid of neutrophils outside vascular spaces. Most of the drugs used in modern medicine are often associated with adverse effects, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, and are mild but can be life-threatening. Here, we discuss a case of a 67-year-old male who had undergone a lung transplant in 2023, followed by reactive chemical gastropathy in 2024 with deposition of Kayexalate crystals in gastric mucosa while being treated for hyperkalemia which is a rare entity noticed in posttransplant patients.
Nontubercular Primary Spinal Epidural Abscess – A Retrospective Study of 11 Culture-Positive Cases
Authors: Krishnan Prasad , Bhattacharyya Chandramouli , Maity Anupam
Published: September 2024

Background:

An epidural abscess that occurs in the absence of contiguous spread from vertebral osteomyelitis or following spinal surgery, spinal anesthesia, or open spinal injuries is considered to be a primary spinal epidural abscess (SEA). The triad of back pain, fever, and progressive neurological dysfunction has long been considered to be the hallmark of primary SEA.

Objective:

The vast majority of epidural abscesses in our country are either tubercular or associated with pyogenic spondylitis. Primary non tubercular spinal epidural abscesses are rare and also need a different paradigm of management in terms of need for stabilization and duration of antibiotic treatment that we wish to highlight.

Material and Methods:

Eleven consecutive cases of nontubercular primary SEA were operated by the corresponding author between 2010 and 2019. Their clinical presentation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, blood investigations, bacteriological profile, and outcomes were extracted from the patient files and follow-up visits to the outpatient clinic and analyzed 5 years after the last case.

Results:

All patients had spinal pain at presentation. Seven patients had fever and ten had neurological deficits at presentation. Diabetes and renal failure were the most common comorbidities. All patients had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein at presentation. The total leukocyte count was not uniformly elevated. One patient who was human immunodeficiency virus positive with a low cell count could not be operated. Diagnosis in his case was established by computed tomography-guided aspirate of the pus. Of the remainder, one patient had no recovery following surgery and two patients had residual deficits. Gram-positive coverage was started empirically in all patients who were operated and based on cultures changed and later extended orally for 4 weeks after discharge till repeat MRI and blood cultures were satisfactory.

Conclusions:

SEA is a surgical emergency. The majority of cases are caused by Gram-positive bacteria, and many of the patients have comorbidities that need to be addressed. Patients with better preoperative neurological status and those with lumbar location of abscess tend to have a better recovery. Antibiotic treatment must be continued till postoperative radiological and hematological parameters are satisfactory.
Effect of low-frequency blood glucose self-monitoring on glycosylated hemoglobin levels among older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sahebkar Mohammad , Ariafar Atousa , Attarzadeh Farnush , Rahimi Najmeh , Malkemes Susan J , Rakhshani Mohammad Hassan , Assarroudi Abdolghader
Published: September 2024

Background:

Reducing the frequency of self-monitoring of blood sugar, due to needle phobia, pain, stress, and costs associated with the procedure, can improve patient compliance and quality of life, provided that adequate blood sugar control is maintained. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low-frequency blood glucose self-monitoring (LFBGSM) on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels among older adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), treated with or without insulin.

Materials and Methods:

This randomized controlled trial with a parallel design was conducted on 121 older adults with T2DM in Sabzevar, Iran, between 2018 and 2020. Initially, subjects were stratified based on the type of treatment (with or without insulin) and then randomly assigned to intervention (LFBGSM) and control (no blood glucose self-monitoring [no-BGSM]) groups. HbA1C levels were measured at the beginning of the study and 3 months later for all study groups.

Results:

The mean age of participants treated with and without insulin was 64.3 ± 9.60 and 64.7 ± 5.01 years, respectively. The ANCOVA test revealed a significant difference in the mean HbA1C levels among the four groups 3 months postintervention (P < 0.001). The HbA1C scores significantly decreased in the LFBGSM groups and increased in the no-BGSM groups at 3 months postintervention (insulin/LFBGSM, insulin/no-BGSM, noninsulin/LFBGSM, and noninsulin/no-BGSM: 7.74 ± 0.76, 8.34 ± 1.53, 7.70 ± 0.75, and 8.14 ± 1.11, respectively) compared to baseline (8.25 ± 0.67, 8.03 ± 0.64, 8.08 ± 0.69, and 7.83 ± 0.74, respectively). The least significant difference post
hoc tests showed significant differences between specific groups, emphasizing subtle responses to interventions (P values ranging from 0.001 to 0.929).

Conclusion:

Findings suggest a significant reduction in HbA1C scores within the LFBGSM groups, while a discernible increase is observed in the no-BGSM groups over the 3 months. These findings underscore the efficacy of the interventions and emphasize the crucial role of personalized approaches in optimizing glycemic control for individuals with diabetes.
Effectiveness and safety of semaglutide in overweight/obese adults with or without type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Liu , Duan Xueyu , Hua Peng , Wu Shilin , Liu Xiaobo
Published: September 2024

Background:

The objective of the study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of semaglutide in overweight or obese adults with or without type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods:

The study, registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023450979), was designed as a systematic review and meta-analysis. Using a combination of subject matter and free words, a comprehensive search of Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases was performed to identify randomized controlled trials of semaglutide in overweight or obese adults with or without Type 2 diabetes mellitus from January 1, 2020, to July 14, 2023. The primary outcomes were the changes in body weight and adverse drug reaction (ADR). Random or fixed effects models were used in meta-analysis, pooling data as relative risks (RRs) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias tool was used to assess quality. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3.

Results:

A total of 2490 publications were retrieved. Fifteen publications were finally included, totaling 6984 overweight or obese adult patients. Meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, the semaglutide group was reduced more significantly in body weight (MD = −7.49, 95% CI [−9.92, −5.07], P < 0.001), body mass index (MD = −3.35, 95% CI [−4.79, −1.92], P < 0.001), waist circumference (MD = −7.26, 95% CI [−9.94, −4.58], P < 0.001), as well as glycosylated hemoglobin (RR = −0.66, 95% CI [−1.07, −0.25], P = 0.002), fasting blood glucose values (RR = −4.81, 95% CI [−7.03, −2.60], P < 0.001), and systolic blood pressure (RR = −3.37, 95% CI [−5.32, −1.42], P < 0.001), and the proportion of patients who lost > 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of their overall body weight, respectively (RR = 3.19, 95% CI [1.89, 5.36], P < 0.001), (RR = 4.74, 95% CI [2.78, 8.11], P < 0.001), (RR = 6.17, 95% CI [3.88, 9.82], P < 0.001), and (RR = 9.14, 95% CI [6.05, 13.80], P < 0.001) were also superior to the control group. Regarding safety, the incidence of total ADR in the semaglutide group was close to the placebo group. Still, gastrointestinal adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea were higher than those in the control group.

Conclusion:

Semaglutide can effectively lose weight in overweight or obese adults with or without diabetes, potentially providing cardiovascular benefits; however, gastrointestinal adverse should be closely monitored.
Safety and efficacy of vancomycin therapy in a tertiary care hospital: A prospective observational study
Authors: Grigorious Aparna , Shiburaj Farishtha , Pooja M. S. , Jose Binu , Upendran Binu
Published: September 2024

Background:

Vancomycin is widely used to treat infections caused by Gram-positive organisms. However, its use results in several clinically significant side effects in human beings. This study focuses on the safety and clinical outcomes of vancomycin therapy and its judicious use in hospitalized patients.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 6 months in Lourdes Hospital, Ernakulam. Demographic and clinical details, including pertinent laboratory values of patients prescribed with vancomycin during hospitalization, were documented and analyzed using a specifically designed data collection form.

Results:

Positive clinical outcomes were observed in a study of 60 patients treated with vancomycin for various infections, although two died within 30 days. The average duration of therapy was 6.86 days, and the average length of hospital stay was 12.23 days. Nephrotoxicity was observed in 5% of patients, with 11.6% developing acute kidney injury network (AKIN) Stage 1 and 5% progressing to Stage 2. Laboratory results demonstrated recovery from infection (reflected by reduced neutrophil and erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels) alongside a slight increase in creatinine levels and a significant decrease in urea levels. Adverse drug reactions were reported in 19 patients (31.7%).

Conclusion:

This study assessed the safety and efficacy of vancomycin, highlighting nephrotoxicity in 16.6% of patients. Despite some adverse reactions, there were favorable responses in 90% of the cases. Doses were administered according to standard guidelines. The study’s findings contributed to developing proposed guidelines for vancomycin use in collaboration with the Nephrology Department.
Lost in the shadows: shedding light on forgotten ureteral stent syndrome
Authors: Gawali Amey , Singhania Piyush , Patil Ajinkya , Vishwakarma Kapil , Kulkarni Sharang
Published: September 2024

Ureteral stents have been essential in urology for over four decades, yet the challenge of retained or forgotten stents persists. This syndrome occurs when a DJ stent remains beyond its recommended removal time, typically more than 2 weeks, leading to complications like migration, fragmentation, and encrustation. We present a case of a 50-year-old woman with a two-month history of right flank pain, burning urination, and intermittent fever. She had undergone right stent lithotripsy 3 years prior. Imaging revealed a fractured double J stent with significant renal and bladder stones, extensive ureteral encrustation, and a large retroperitoneal collection. The right kidney showed cortical thinning and gross hydronephrosis. Initial management included broad-spectrum antibiotics, a pigtail catheter, and percutaneous nephrostomy. In a second session, mechanical cystolithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy removed the bladder and renal calculi, and the fractured stent ends. The patient recovered uneventfully. Forgotten ureteral stents often require staged endoscopic interventions due to encrustation. Timely stent removal is critical and often overlooked due to inadequate counseling. Establishing a stent registry and an automated reminder system via a mobile app could help prevent these occurrences.
Role of artificial intelligence in medical radiology and imaging
Authors: Arfat Mohd. , Nisha T. K. , Sahu Sapna , Rashid Mohd.
Published: September 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing radiology, oncology, and other medicine and veterinary care areas. Adopting deep learning algorithms has significantly advanced image analysis and disease detection. This study explores how AI is reshaping the roles of radiologists and radiographers. It highlights its vital function in infection detection and control, as evidenced by its impact during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In veterinary radiation oncology, AI supports complex contouring and treatment planning. However, while AI offers numerous advantages, its implementation must be cautiously approached. Radiologists face challenges, particularly the overwhelming volume of imaging data, which AI helps manage through artificial neural networks and machine learning (ML) algorithms—two significant innovations in this field. In veterinary radiation oncology, AI facilitates collaboration, standardization of data, and the creation of standard operating procedures. Early disease detection, enabled by AI, is essential for initiating treatments that can improve patient outcomes and prognosis. AI is crucial in analyzing large medical datasets, including imaging and clinical data, through advanced algorithms and ML techniques. In veterinary medicine, AI is key to addressing complex challenges in host–pathogen interactions, precision medicine, and predictive epidemiology. AI-powered solutions for continuous monitoring ensure that at-risk patients receive ongoing observation, enabling the rapid detection of changes in health markers. This approach is especially advantageous in managing chronic conditions, enabling proactive healthcare, and facilitating early intervention.
Comprehensive overview of the current state and impact of cohort studies in newborn screening
Authors: Sangale Priyanka , Khadse Atul , Bhangale Charushila
Published: September 2024

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are a rare and complex group of inherited disorders, typically observed in infants as autosomal recessive or, less commonly, as X-linked recessive conditions. Newborn screening (NBS) for IEMs can significantly improve prognosis and quality of life through early diagnosis and intervention, marking a significant public health achievement. NBS programs vary by country, but generally include tests for a range of metabolic errors, endocrine disorders, primary immunodeficiency disorders, congenital deafness, congenital heart defects, and cystic fibrosis. Integrating mass spectrometry (MS/MS), genetic sequencing, and emerging technologies such as next-generation sequencing into NBS programs represents a substantial advancement in the field of healthcare. These technologies enable early detection, intervention, and the possibility of personalized treatments through gene therapies. Such advancements are poised to shape the future of NBS, potentially enhancing healthcare outcomes for newborns on a global scale. Neonatal screening is the most well-known and widely implemented proactive and preventative pediatric public health initiative worldwide. It encompasses a comprehensive education system, screening, diagnostic confirmation, management, follow-up, and counseling. This article reviews recent advances in newborn metabolic screening, drawing on the results of various clinical trials and pilot studies.
Comparative study on conventional diagnostic methods with GeneXpert and TrueNat Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) assay of tuberculosis disease
Authors: Birhman Nikita , Payal Nikhil , Khandait Manisha , Bhardwaj Mohit
Published: September 2024

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs. While pulmonary TB (PTB) is the most prevalent form, comprising the majority of cases, extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. TB spreads through the air when individuals with lung TB cough, sneeze, or spit.

Aim:

We aim to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of molecular diagnostic methods versus conventional techniques for detecting PTB.

Results:

Among 1100 samples analyzed, 384 cases (34.90%) of TB were identified, encompassing both pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms. The highest number of samples was collected from individuals aged 21–40, 41–60, and 61–80 years. In particular, 70 out of 114 pus samples (61.40%) tested positive for EPTB. In contrast, only 5 out of 79 pleural fluid samples (6.33%) and 16 out of 32 lymph node samples (50%) tested positive for EPTB.

Conclusion:

These findings highlight the critical need for ongoing research and the development of accurate, sensitive, and accessible diagnostic methods to combat TB effectively. PTB was observed to be more prevalent, affecting a larger proportion of individuals, while EPTB accounted for a smaller, though significant, number of cases.
Risk assessment of diabetes among undergraduate students of Northern Maharashtra using Indian Diabetes Risk Score and its correlation with fasting blood glucose
Authors: Bavaskar Yogita G. , Roy Debasmita , Lokhande Ganesh , Surwade Jitendra , Malkar Vilas , Kumthekar Sunaina , Saji Daniel , Rupani Ashlesh
Published: September 2024

Background:

Diabetes, once primarily associated with old age, is increasingly prevalent among young adults. The Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) employs four parameters—age, waist circumference, family history of diabetes, and physical activity—to screen for diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the risk and prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in undergraduate medical students and to correlate these findings with their fasting glucose levels.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 336 undergraduate medical students in the Jalgaon district of Maharashtra. Data on socio-demographic and anthropometric factors were gathered using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire. Each participant’s IDRS score was calculated. Students were then invited to have their fasting blood glucose levels measured after an overnight fast.

Results:

The study surveyed 336 medical students, comprising 185 males (55.06%) and 151 females (44.94%). According to the IDRS, 5 students (1.49%) were categorized as high risk, 202 students (60.1%) as moderate risk, and 129 students (38.4%) as low risk for diabetes. Fasting blood glucose tests indicated that 3 students (0.90%) had impaired glucose tolerance, and 52 (15.48%) students were pre-diabetic. There was a statistically significant correlation between fasting blood glucose levels and IDRS (R = 0.466, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The risk of diabetes among the participating undergraduate students is alarmingly high, according to the IDRS score. The strong correlation between the IDRS and the blood glucose levels of the study participants demonstrates that the IDRS is a highly effective, cost-efficient tool for predicting diabetes risk.
Effect of deep squat intervention in patients with chronic respiratory diseases
Authors: Sawant Bhoomika , Nair Shreeja , Mullerpatan Rajani , Agarwal Bela
Published: September 2024

Background:

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a structured, tailor-made 12-week deep squat intervention on lower extremity muscle strength, cardiorespiratory functional capacity, and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic respiratory dysfunction.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty patients aged 18–65 years were randomly assigned to a deep squat intervention group (n = 15) or a walking program group (n = 15). Assessments conducted before and after the 12-week intervention included lower extremity muscle strength, pulmonary function, cardiorespiratory endurance, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). These were measured using trunk-leg dynamometry, the chair-stand test, the deep squat test, lung volume measurements, maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures, the 6-min walk test, and the 12-item Short Form Survey questionnaire.

Results:

The results revealed that the deep squat intervention group showed greater muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance improvements than the walking group. Significant improvements were observed in lower extremity muscle strength (42.9%), chair-stand repetitions (26%), deep squat repetitions (30.2%), maximum inspiratory pressure (67%), maximum expiratory pressure (29%), peak expiratory flow rate (32%), 6-min walk test distance (16%), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (53%), forced vital capacity (36%), and HRQoL (physical component 42% and mental component 25%) with a large effect size ranging from 1.6 to 10.7 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

This study concludes that the deep squat intervention proved to be a safe and effective exercise program for mitigating physical deconditioning in individuals with mild to moderate chronic respiratory dysfunction compared with a walking program. These findings support the inclusion of deep squat training in routine pulmonary rehabilitation programs.
Application of Mozart’s Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major in Children with Epilepsy and Effect of Acoustic Quality on Epileptic Discharges
Authors: Zheng Liping , Lin Lin , Zeng Qinghuang
Published: September 2024

Background: Mozart’s Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major (K448) is a classic double piano work. This study investigated its effect on children with epilepsy (EP) and analyzed the changes in electroencephalography (EEG) among children on the basis of acoustic quality. Methods: The clinical data of 150 children with EP in the Affiliated Hospital (Group) of Putian University from March 2020 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into group A (n = 73, antiepileptic drug therapy) and group B (n = 77, antiepileptic drug therapy + Mozart K448) in accordance with the treatment methods. The seizure frequency, frequency of epileptic discharges (EDs), and Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire-16 in both groups were compared before and after treatment. The changes in EEG before, during, and after music appreciation were observed. The effects of the acoustic characteristics (rhythm, root mean square value, roughness, and spectral flux) of Mozart K448 on EDs in children were explored. Results: After treatment, group A had a higher seizure frequency (P < 0.001), a higher frequency of EDs (P < 0.05), and significantly lower scores of cognition and emotion than group B (P < 0.001), without significant difference in the scores of social function and physical function (P > 0.05). The frequency of EDs before music appreciation was significantly higher than that during music appreciation (P < 0.01). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the rhythm, spectral flux, and roughness in Mozart K488 were related to the decrease in EDs among children with EP (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study confirmed the application effect of Mozart K448 in children with EP. Mozart K448 can decrease the seizure frequency, reduce the ED occurrence, and improve the quality of life. The acoustic characteristics of K448 may be the reason for improving EP in children.
Effects of Ward Noise Management on Mental Health and Hip Function in Elderly Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Chen Xiuli , Chen Chen
Published: September 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the influence of ward noise management on the mental health and hip joint function of elderly patients post-total hip arthroplasty. Methods: The retrospective analysis involved the medical records of 160 elderly patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty at Nanchang First Hospital from March 2021 to January 2023. The observation group received ward noise management (n = 75) and the control group received perioperative routine management (n = 85). The noise level, Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74 (GQOLI-74), Harris Hip Score (HHS) system, and satisfaction scale were used to evaluate patients. T test and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The observation group exhibited a significantly lower noise level compared to the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the general information and preoperative SDS, SAS, HHS, and GQOLI-74 scores between the two groups (P > 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the SDS and HHS between the two groups 7 days after the operation (P > 0.05). The observation group presented a significantly lower SAS score than the control group 7 days after the operation (P < 0.05). The score of the observation group 7 days after the operation was lower than that before the operation (P < 0.05). At 7 days after the operation, the observation group showed a higher score in the “social function” dimension of GQOLI-74 compared to the control group (P < 0.05), and the satisfaction of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (94.67 vs. 77.65%, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Ward noise management can help reduce anxiety among elderly patients after total hip arthroplasty, improve their quality of life and social function, and obtain higher satisfaction.
A Study on the Pattern of Arterial Segmentation in the Human Spleen
Authors: Ahmed Abdul Alim , Deka Rup Sekhar
Published: September 2024

Background:

Partial splenectomy is preferred after splenic injuries, which will help to preserve healthy splenic tissue, hence the immunity. During splenic surgery particularly in the resection of a segment of the spleen, ligation of branches of the splenic artery is necessary. A precise knowledge of the segmental arteries is prerequisite because the spleen is separated into avascular lobes and segments by splenic arterial branches. The aim of the present work was to study the pattern of arterial segmentation in the human spleen and variations of the splenic arterial pattern.

Methodology:

The present study was conducted on 31 spleens with intact splenic artery after getting the ethical clearance. Specimens were collected depending on the availability of cadaver or unclaimed autopsy body. Tracing from terminal branches, the segmental branches of the splenic artery were studied by piece-meal dissection. The terminal branches of the splenic artery and its segmental branches were cleaned and observed. The number of the segmental branches of the spleen and the presence of arterial anastomosis between adjacent segmental arteries were noted.

Results:

The splenic artery terminated as bifurcation in 66.73% and trifurcation in 33.27%. We also found two, three, four, five, six, and seven arterial segments in 2 (6.46%), 14 (45.16%), 7 (22.58%), 3 (9.67%), 3 (9.67%), and 2 (6.46%) specimens, respectively. These segments are separated by an avascular plane in all specimens except one where we found intersegmental arterial anastomosis.

Conclusions:

Knowledge of the splenic arterial branching pattern of the present study may help the general surgeon as well as surgical gastroenterologist in performing the surgery of the spleen, particularly partial splenectomy after splenic injuries. This may also help anatomists in learning and teaching arterial segmentation of the spleen.