bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desain Pitch Angle dengan Tunning Bat Algorithm (BA) pada Wind Turbine Menggunakan PID Controller
Authors: Rukslin  , Ali Machrus
Published: April 2022

Peningkatan  pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional berdampak pada meningkatnya konsumsi listrik di Indonesia setiap tahunnya. Bila dalam penyediaan listrik kurang terpenuhi dan  tidak sejalan dengan kebutuhan masyarakat yang begitu besar maka  akan menjadi masalah. Negara harus memenuhi tuntutan kebutuhan energi listrik yang terus-menerus dan berkualitas. Secara  umum batu bara merupakan sumber energy primer yang digunakan sebagai bahan dasar pembangkit listrik yang beroperasi di Indonesia, batu bara  merupakan sember energi fosil yang tidak bisa di perbaharui dan suatu saat akan mengalami pengurangan, maka dari itu sember energi alternatif untuk pembangkit listrik perlu dipikirkan. Sumber energi alternatif misalnya energi matahari, energi bio gas, energi aliran Air, energi angin. Angin merupakan sumber daya alam yang dapat diperbaharui, dengan menggunakan prinsip konversi energi yaitu dengan mengkonversi  energi angin menjadi energi listrik. Kendali cerdas berbasis Artificial Intelligent (AI) banyak berkembang untuk memperbaiki kendali konvensional untuk mengontrol agar tegangan keluaran selalu berada dinilai konstan pada beban yang berubah-rubah. Dari uji coba yang dilakukan hasil running program bahwa sistem tunning menggunakan  metode BA didapatkan nilai torsi yang paling optimal dan stabil yaitu sebesar 1.04 – 4.75 Nm A_Peak jika  dibandingkan dengan metode PID standar dan PID_ZN
Planning and Manufacturing of Four Axis Solar Panels With Reflector Angle Adjustments
Authors: Ulum Miftachul , Adi Kurniawan Saputro  , Koko Joni  , Riza Alfita  , Rosida Vivin Nahari  , Siti A’isya  , Achmad Ubaidillah
Published: April 2022

Solar thermal energy is one type of renewable energy, so this type of energy can be converted into other energy. This study uses a four-axis solar tracker with angle settings on the reflector to get optimal sunlight, scanning to determine the optimal lighting angle, measurement results are stored in real-time in the data logger. This study uses an LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) as a sunlight detector, equipped with several sensors, namely: current, voltage and power sensor (INA219), light sensor (MAX4409), and temperature sensor (DS18B20), and reflector angle as a parameter of solar efficiency panels. . The results showed that a four-axis solar tracker equipped with a reflector was able to increase the output power. The maximum power production produced by solar panels is: At a reflector angle of 300, the maximum power generated by a static panel is 143.43 W while a solar tracker is 175.15 W. At a reflector angle of 450 the maximum power generated by a static panel is 170.01 W and solar tracker 236.36 W. At an angled reflector of 600 the full power generated by a static panel is 87.77 W, and a solar tracker is 123.36 W. This study concludes that a solar tracker panel with an angle setting of 300 is more capable of maximizing power output than a static solar panel.
 
Keyword : Solar Tracker, Four Axist, Reflektor
Summary of ground-based snow measurements for the Northeastern United States
Authors: Engel Chandler , Hastings Rachel , Giovando Jeremy , Gabel Eric , Duncan Caroline , Dahl Travis
Published: April 2022

Snow is an important resource for both communities and ecosystems of the Northeastern United States. Both flood risk management and water supply forecasts for major municipalities, including New York City, depend on the collection of snowpack information. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to summarize all of the snowpack data from ground-based networks currently available in the Northeast. The collection of snow-depth and snow water equivalent information extends back several decades, and there are over 2,200 active sites across the region. Sites are distributed across the entire range of elevations in the region. The number of locations collecting snow information has increased substantially in the last 20 years, primarily from the expansion of the CoCoRaHS (Community Collaborative Rain, Hail, and Snow) network. Our summary of regional snow measurement locations provides a foundation for future studies and analysis, including a template for other regions of the United States.
Analytic Solutions Help Predict Sucker-Rod-Pump Failure
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: April 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 200825, “Failure Prediction for SRP Using Analytic Solutions,” by Viorica Sirghii, SPE, Rudolf Konrad Fruhwirth, and Herbert Hofstaetter, University of Leoben, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

A method for prediction of sucker-rod-pump (SRP) failure based on improved, completely connected perceptron (ICCP) artificial neural networks (ANNs) is presented. Results are compared with historical wellbore data. The validity of the ANN model is proved to meet SRP failure prediction with a ±5% error, helping identify and prevent potential damage, reduce costs and risks, and optimize production.

SRP Diagnosis

To evaluate the performance of SRPs, dynamometer cards are used. The load on the top rod is measured and plotted in relation to the polished rod position as the pumping unit moves through each stroke cycle. The result is a surface card that illustrates the polished rod load vs. position (downhole diagnostics).

To determine above-pump liquid accumulation, pump-filling efficiency, and displacement, the well’s producing and lifting efficiencies can be analyzed and quantified. Depending on the results, operational and equipment changes can be made to improve efficiency and production optimization. How the plunger picks up, holds, and releases the fluid load at each stroke can be seen in a dynamometer card’s shape. The most-common and most-harmful pump states are fluid pound, gas interference, and tagging. When the pump is not completely full, the rod string is damaged because of an excessive number of strokes.
Electric Parameters Assist Rod-Pump Condition Diagnosis, Production Metering
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: April 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 204785, “Research and Application of Rod-Pump Working Condition Diagnosis and Virtual Production Metering Based on Electric Parameters,” by Ruidong Zhao, SPE, Cai Wang, and Hanjun Zhao, SPE, PetroChina, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

The conventional configurations of the Internet of Things (IoT) related to pumping wells include an electric parameter indicator and dynamometer. If working-condition diagnosis and virtual production metering of well pumping can be realized through electrical parameters, the need for dynamometers can be eliminated or reduced, with a potentially major effect on reducing investment and improving coverage of the IoT in oil wells. In the complete paper, an integrated multimodel diagnosis method is proposed. The diagnostic and virtual-production-metering method and software based on electrical parameters have been applied in many of the operator’s oil fields.

Introduction

In China, more than 90% of the more than 400,000 oil wells are sucker-rod-pump (SRP) wells. At present, with the popularity of IoT in the oil field, SRP wells have accumulated massive amounts of production and operation data such as polished rod load, displacement, and electric-motor-power parameters. The working performance diagnosis and production calculation for these wells mostly are based on dynamometer cards, whose IoT costs are relatively high and whose widespread applications are limited. In contrast, the acquisition of electric parameters is much cheaper and easier than is the case with dynamometer cards, but a lack of corresponding theories and efficient methods to make use of electric parameters persists.

If a power curve can be transformed to a dynamometer card accurately in the same well working condition, well diagnosis and production calculation can be realized by the generated card. At present, few reports on transforming power curves to dynamometer cards exist. The approach to generate a dynamometer card from an electric power curve is to convert 1D timeseries data to 2D load and displacement-series data. Building the mathematical transformation model to generate cards from power curves is difficult because of uncertainties related to pumping units during working. Thus, transformation methods, by virtue of deep learning, seem more promising—specifically, transforming electric power to dynamometer cards by deep learning.
Technology Focus: Formation Damage (March 2022)
Authors: Singh Amit
Published: April 2022

The adage “prevention is better than cure” is the first thing we consider regarding formation damage, but how prepared are we for the treatment and cure to allow a well to perform to its full productivity or injectivity potential? And how can digital tools

be an effective enabler? Our industry has made significant progress to improve our understanding of key formation-damage mechanisms and has developed best practices of laboratory studies and data evaluation to predict the formation-damage risk. These result in the development of preventive practices during various field operation (e.g., selection of suitable and compatible drilling and completion fluid system and additives). Despite all preventive efforts, some wells still experience formation damage that necessitates remedial treatment to restore production performance.

An effective and economic treatment of formation damage is critical, and we have observed great examples in the past few years of achieving these goals through development and application of innovative solutions by our industry experts and practitioners. Some highlighted efforts are immobile proppant systems for injector wells

as damage prevention, inhibitors with extended effectiveness to provide treatment longevity, and single-step sandstone matrix acid systems for operational simplification. While these technology advancements are delivering economic and effective solutions, there is opportunity to further improve prediction, prevention, and readiness for treatment with application and support of digital tools and solutions such as the following:

- Capture and application of learnings from historical laboratory studies to improve prediction capability of potential formation damage (fluid/fluid and fluid/rock interaction on the basis of their composition)

- Real-time data analysis and faster decisions with support from artificial intelligence during field operation to prevent and treat formation damage (e.g., intelligent real-time lost-circulation-event identification during drilling)

- Integrated information collection of all well-related data from laboratory studies to field operation for well life to enable efficient identification of sources of formation damage and effective treatment selection

Enjoy the papers chosen this year, some of which highlight my comments and encourage us to be proactive—not reactive—and better prepared for formation-damage treatment and cure.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 207643 - A Change Point Detection Approach for Intelligent Real-Time Identification of Lost-Circulation Events During Drilling Operations by Francesco Cannarile, Eni, et al.

SPE 199263 - Analysis of Time-Lapse Formation-Damage Evolution Throughout the Life of a Well by Sofiane Bellabiod, Sonatrach, et al.

SPE 199252 - Evaluating Formation Damage and Remediation Methods: Physical Simulation of Leakoff and Flowback by Son Tran, et al.
Full-endoscopic Intradiscal Surgery: State of the Art
Authors: Sairyo Koichi , Yamashita Kazuta , Tezuka Fumitake , Morimoto Masatoshi , Sugiura Kosuke , Takeuchi Makoto , Inokuchi Takashi , Fujitani Junzo
Published: April 2022

Two types of full-endoscopic intradiscal surgery have been described in the literature. The first is full-endoscopic thermal annuloplasty, which was introduced in 2004 for discogenic pain. The proposed pain generator is a high signal intensity zone or a toxic annular tear, which can be treated by full-endoscopic thermal annuloplasty using a bipolar radio-pulse device. The second is full-endoscopic disc cleaning surgery, which is more recent and has been used to treat intractable chronic low back pain due to type 1 Modic change. In this review, we describe the current status of full-endoscopic intradiscal surgery.
A multi-model assessment of the interplay between fossil-extraction bans and demand-side policies in ambitious mitigation scenarios
Authors: Andreoni Pietro , Reis Lara Aleluia , Drouet Laurent , Dessens Olivier , Fragkos Panagiotis , Pietzcker Robert , Pye Steve , Rodrigues Renato , Tavoni Massimo
Published: April 2022

Given concerns about the ambition and effectiveness of current climate pledges, a case has been made for the integration of demand-side policies such as carbon pricing with supply-side bans on fossil fuel extraction. However, little is known about their interplay in the context of climate stabilization strategies. Here, we present the first multi-model assessment quantifying the effectiveness of supply-side policies and their interactions with demand-side ones. We design narratives of fossil fuel bans and explore a variety of scenarios with four integrated assessment models, to find that widespread international supply side policies significantly reduce emissions but not at sufficient levels to stabilize temperature increase to well below 2°C. When combined with demand-side policies, supply side policies reduce the required carbon price to meet the Paris goals, dampen reliance on CO2 removal and increase investment in renewable energy. The results indicate the opportunity to introduce fossil fuel bans alongside price-based, demand-focused policies when exploring climate neutrality pathways.
Non-Invasive Estimation of Clinical Severity of Anemia using Hierarchical Ensemble Classifiers
Authors: Chakraborty Sushovan , Kansara Krity , Rayaroth Dinesh Kumar , Swaminathan Dhivya , Aatre Kiran R , Acharya Soumyadipta
Published: April 2022

Current techniques of anemia classification are either invasive or inaccurate, making them ill-suited for community-based screening programs. We propose an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based anemia classification method using a multi wavelength non-invasive photometry device. A finger mounted photo-plethysmogram (PPG) device was designed to acquire PPG signals at four wavelengths (590, 660, 810, and 940 nm). A set of features extracted from the PPG signals were used to develop a three-way classification scheme using a machine-learning. In a study conducted on 1583 women of childbearing age, subjects were classified into either healthy (Hemoglobin, Hb >11 g/dL), anemic (Hb: 7-11 g/dl) or severely anemic (Hb <7g/dL). We report classification sensitivity of 92% (p<0.05) and specificity of 84% (p<0.05) in differentiating anemic and non-anemic women. We also report a sensitivity of 76% (p<0.05), and specificity of 74% (p<0.05) in identifying severe anemia. The proposed anemia classification algorithm, along with the associated sensor has the potential to be productized as a low-cost non-invasive rapid anemia screening device for community interventions.
Ultra-low-velocity anomaly inside the Pacific Slab near the 410-km discontinuity
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Ferrand Thomas , Zhou Tong , Ritsema Jeroen , Stixrude Lars , Chen Min
Published: May 2022

Under equilibrium conditions, the mineral olivine (α) transforms to wadsleyite (β) near 410 km depth1,2. The phase transition is a global boundary known as the “410-km discontinuity”, where seismic wave speed and density increase by 3–10 percent3-6. We present new observations of triplicated P-waves from dense seismic arrays in northeastern China that constrain the structure of the Pacific slab near the 410-km discontinuity beneath the northern Sea of Japan. Our analysis of P-wave travel times and waveforms at periods as short as T = 2 s indicates the presence of an ultra-low-velocity layer within the cold slab, with a P-wave velocity that is at least 20% lower than in the ambient mantle and an apparent thickness of ~ 16 km along the wave path. This ultra-low-velocity layer could contain unstable material (e.g., poirierite) with reduced grain size where diffusionless transformations are favored7-12
Divergence of tropical cyclone hazard based on wind-weighted track distributions in the Coral Sea, over 50 years
Authors: Miller John , Silva Guilherme Vieira da , Strauss Darrell
Published: April 2022

Tropical Cyclones (TCs) with genesis in the Coral Sea present significant hazards to coastal regions in their surroundings. In addition, the erratic nature of TC tracks is not well understood in this region. Therefore, this study grouped Coral Sea TC tracks over the last fifty years based on K-means clustering of the maximum wind-weighted centroids. This was done in order to extract valuable new cyclone power, track curvature and location related information from their historical track records and to predict their behaviour in the light of a changing climate. TC track variance and curvature (sinuosity) were assessed. Three well defined clusters of TC tracks were identified, and the results showed differing predominant directions of TC movement by cluster. Track sinuosity was shown to increase from east to west. Only one cluster showed a statistically significant trend (decreasing) in TC frequency. The TC power dissipation index (PDI) was used to reveal that two of the clusters have diverging trends for PDI post 2004. Based on the location of cyclone maximum intensity (LMI), only one cluster showed a statistically significant trend (towards the equator). All these findings demonstrated a clear variance in between-cluster hazard and show that TC trends discovered for the southwest Pacific are not manifest or consistent across all clusters - the results indicate differences in cyclone trends depending on their tracking area (cluster) which may help in predicting their behaviour as they evolve, ultimately aiding in assigning specific and location-based risk mitigation for coastal communities.
A Clinical Study of Liposuction combined with Lymphovenous Anastomosis for Treatment of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema
Authors: Chang Kun , Xia Song , Liang Chen , Sun Yuguang , Xin Jianfeng , Shen Wenbin
Published: May 2022

Objective
In this work, we studied the clinical effect of liposuction combined with lymphovenous Anastomosis (LVAs) for treatment of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL).
Methods
We studied 158 patients with unilateral upper limb BCRL underwent liposuction combined with LVAs. Arm circumferences before and 7 days after the combined treatments were prospectively recorded. Circumferences of different upper extremities were measured before the procedure, 7 days after LVAs and during the follow-ups. Volumes were calculated with the frustum method. During the follow-ups, the conditions of patients’ treated arms, i.e. the frequency of erysipelas episodes and dependence on compression garments, were recorded.
Results
The mean circumference difference between two upper limbs decreased significantly from M (P25, P75) 5.3 (4.1, 6.9) preoperatively to 0.5 (-0.8, 1.0) 7 days after treatments, while at follow-up 0.3 (-0.4,1.0). The mean volume difference decreased significantly from M (P25, P75) 838.3(662.4, 1129.0)preoperatively to 7.8 (-120.3, 151.4) 7 days after treatments, while at follow-up 43.7 (-59.4,161.1). The incidence of erysipelas also significantly decreased. 6.3% patients were already independent of compression garments during the past six months or even more.
Conclusion
Liposuction combined with LVAs is an effective method for the treatment of BCRL.
Three-dimensional Spheroid Culture Combined with Hypoxic Preconditioning Can Promote the Proliferation and Osteogenic Differetiation of BMSCs in Low-oxygen Environment in Vitro
Authors: Qiu Xiaoning , Feng Zhuozhuo , Liu Gang , Miao Rong , Tan Xinzhi , Tao Junming , Yang Baohua , Jing Wei
Published: April 2022

Background: Presently, it is difficult to use BMSCs in bone regeneration because the cells are severely weakened or even die after transplantation into the body after in vitro culture. This is due to the difference between the living environment of cells cultured in vitro and in vivo. This study explored a fast and efficient method for developing BMSCs with stronger survival and osteogenesis ability in a harsh environment through hypoxic preconditioning and three-dimensional (3D) culture to transform BMSCs into cell therapy. Methods: BMSCs were treated with various hypoxic preconditioning processes in vitro, including sustained hypoxia, intermittent hypoxia, and sustained normoxia, in planar culture and 3D spheroid culture. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, apoptosis determination assay, and live-dead staining were used to evaluate the proliferation and survival abilities of BMSCs. Alkaline phosphatase, alizarin red staining, and osteogenic-related proteins were used to assess the osteogenic differentiation abilities of BMSCs. Meanwhile, the proliferation, survival, and osteogenesis abilities of BMSCs between planar culture and 3D spheroid culture were compared. Results: BMSCs showed stronger proliferation and survival abilities after intermittent hypoxic preconditioning and 3D spheroid culture. Moreover, cells cultured based on intermittent hypoxic preconditioning and 3D spheroid culture showed less apoptosis and higher osteogenic differentiation abilities than those cultured via conventional treatment in the hypoxic microenvironment simulated by matrix gel placed in a three-gas incubator, including alkaline phosphatase activity, cell calcium content, and expression of osteogenic-related molecules. Conclusions: Intermittent hypoxic preconditioning and 3D spheroids culture at specific stages of BMSCs significantly increase the proliferation, survival, and osteogenic differentiation abilities of BMSCs, thus improving the application potential of seed cells in bone regeneration.
Periapical status and quality of root canal fillings and different coronal restorations
Authors: Abramov Denys , Kaniewski Roman , Abadi Meital , Lvovsky Alex
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of the quality of root canal treatment and different coronal restoration materials on the periapical status of endodontically treated teeth.Methodology: 2498 radiographs were included in this study. For each radiograph, the quality of the root canal treatment was judged as adequate or faulty and the periapical status was judged as healthy or diseased according to a study by Ray & Trope (1995). Radiographs with Fixed Partial Dentures, temporary coronal restoration, a post and core type of restoration, or teeth with caries lesions were excluded from the study. Cases, where no definitive diagnosis could be made, were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software.Results: The results showed that teeth with a good endodontic filling (GE) were more likely to have an absence of periradicular Inflammation (API) regardless of the core material OR=2.00 (95% CI 1.78-2.26). Teeth with an amalgam core were more likely to have an API, regardless of the quality of root canal treatment OR=1.11 (95% CI 1.03-1.2). Teeth with an amalgam core and GE had an OR of 1.16 (95% CI 1.04-1.29) to have an API, whilst teeth with a composite core and an GE had an OR of 0.83 (95% CI 0.74-0.94) (p<0.05).Conclusions: GE was found as the major contributing factor for the lack of periradicular pathosis, whilst the core material made little difference in teeth with PE. Teeth with GE and good restoration (GR) seem to benefit from an amalgam core.
Zika vector competence data reveals risks of outbreaks: the contribution of the European ZIKAlliance project
Authors: Obadia Thomas , GUTIERREZ-BUGALLO Gladys , Duong Veasna , NUNEZ Ana , FERNANDES Rosilainy , Kamgang Basile , Héry Lyza , GOMARD Yann , ABBO Sandra , JIOLLE Davy , GLAVINIC Uros , DUPONT-ROUZEYROL Myrielle , Atyame Célestine , POCQUET Nicolas , BOYER Sébastien , DAUGA Catherine , VAZEILLE Marie , YEBAKIMA André , White Michael , Koenraadt Constantianus , MAVINGUI Patrick , Vega-Rúa Anubis , VERONESI Eva , Pijlman Gorben , PAUPY Christophe , BUSQUETS Nuria , Lourenço-de-Oliveira Ricardo , de Lamballerie Xavier , FAILLOUX Anna-Bella
Published: May 2022

First identified in 1947, Zika virus took roughly 70 years to cause a pandemic unusually associated with virus-induced brain damage in newborns. Zika virus is transmitted by mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti, and secondarily, Aedes albopictus, both colonizing a large strip encompassing tropical and temperate regions. As part of the international project ZIKAlliance initiated in 2016, 50 mosquito populations from six species collected in 12 countries were experimentally infected with different Zika viruses. Here, we show that Ae. aegypti is mainly responsible for Zika virus transmission having the highest susceptibility to viral infections. Other species play a secondary role in transmission while Culex mosquitoes are largely non-susceptible. Zika strain is expected to significantly modulate transmission efficiency with African strains being more likely to cause an outbreak. As the distribution of Ae. aegypti will doubtless expand with climate change and without new marketed vaccines, all the ingredients are in place to relive a new pandemic of Zika.
Utilization of Fmoc-3f-phe Hydrogel for Encapsulation of Zanthoxylum Armatum and Cinnamomum Camphora Oil for Enhancing Their Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Shakya Nasla , B.C. Santosh , Joshi Susan , Rajbhandary Annada
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveWhile essential oils have many applications in medicine, not many studies have been done in the past to address issues of active targeting, enhancing bioavailability and reducing toxicity at higher concentrations. Herein, we used Fmoc-3F-Phe amino acid hydrogels to address such issues by encapsulating essential oils, Zanthoxylum armatum and Cinnamomum camphora, in its system and allowing sustained-release of these oils onto bacterial assays of E. coli ATCC 25922, P. hauseri NBRC 3851, M. luteus KACC 13377, and B. subtilis ATCC 66333 for probing enhanced antibacterial properties of the oils by prolonging its efficacy through controlled-release mechanism. ResultsWe found that while Zanthoxylum oil showed no particular difference in enhancing the antibacterial property against the three fast growing bacteria, however profound variation was observed against slow growing bacteria B. subtilis where the hydrogel encapsulated oil was able to retain the antibacterial property of the oil for longer time while incomparison the oil applied directly could not. Even for highly volatile camphor oil, the oil itself failed to show any antibacterial property with direct use, however the hydrogel encapsulated oil was able to show excellent antibacterial property for B. subtilis and M. luteus through prohibition of sublimation via encapsulation.
Exploring misleading online oral health information: a content analysis
Authors: Lotto Matheus , Jorge Olivia Santana , Machado Maria Aparecida Andrade Moreira , Cruvinel Thiago
Published: April 2022

Objective: This study aimed to identify and characterize misleading online oral health information. Materials and Methods: 410 websites published in English were retrieved by Google Advanced Search and screened by 2 independent investigators, who compiled false messages through content analysis. Afterward, 318 content items were divided in consensus as G1 - informationally-oriented misinformation, G2 - misinformation with interests, G3 - misinformation with interests produced or propagated by dental professionals, and G4 – misinformation with political interests. Their presence on social media and fact-checking agencies was determined using CrowdTangle and Snopes. Data were evaluated by descriptive analysis and Cramer’s V test to compare distinct categories. Results: The main issues associated with misleading content items were gum diseases (12.0%), root canal treatment (11.6%), toothache (10.4%), fluoride (10.4%), and dental caries (9.8%), highlighting recommendations for natural products usage, toxicity concerns, and anti-fluoridation propaganda. Most misinformation (41.9%) was allocated in G3, which exhibited a statistically higher frequency of financial interests than other groups. Besides, falsehoods were considerably identified on Facebook (62.9%) and Instagram (49.4%), especially G3 and G4. Nevertheless, Snopes has already debunked only 5.9% of these content items.Conclusions: Misleading information was predominantly produced or propagated by dental professionals mainly motivated by financial interests and usually linked to alternative/natural treatments diffusion. Although these items were shared on social media, fact-checking agencies seemed to have insufficient knowledge about their dissemination.Clinical Relevance: Dental teams need to be conscious of false oral health content to improve the quality of their relationship with patients through adequate communication.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of mental foramen and mental artery
Authors: Artas Aslihan , Yalcin Eda Didem
Published: April 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Lactate from glucose metabolism regulates osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: Deng Xin , Kato Hirohito , Taguchi Yoichiro , Nakata Takaya , Umeda Makoto
Published: May 2022

Objectives: Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), as one of mesenchymal stem cells in the oral cavity, are closely associated with periodontal hard tissue regeneration. However, the effect of local tissue glucose deficiency on periodontal tissue regeneration, such as immediately after surgical operation, is still unknown. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the effect of a low-glucose environment on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs.Material and methods: This study used medium at five glucose concentrations (100, 75, 50, 25 and 0 mg/dL) and focused on the effects on PDLSCs of changes in lactate in the low-glucose environment. Lactate uptake by PDLSCs in a standard glucose environment was suppressed by the addition of AZD3965, a monocarboxylate transporter-1 inhibitor. Results: We investigated cell proliferation, migration and assessed osteogenic differentiation factors. Furthermore, PDLSC lactate production was suppressed under low-glucose conditions. We compared that condition to the low-glucose environment to assess lactate's effect on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. The low-glucose environment decreased PDLSC lactate production and inhibited PDLSC osteogenic differentiation. In low glucose environment, the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, protein kinase B, and the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α signaling pathways were inhibited, also, AZD3965 inhibited the activation of these signaling pathways. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that lactate production by glucose metabolism is involved in periodontal tissue regeneration.Clinical relevance: The findings of close relationship about lactate metabolism in periodontal tissue may contribute new insights into future periodontal regenerative therapies. Lactate may be a new treatment option for periodontal regenerative therapy in the future.
hsa_circRNA_102049 promotes cell proliferation, migration and induces EMT via PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in osteosarcoma
Authors: Chen Jianquan , Chen Rongbin , He Mincong , Lin Xinyuan , Lv Zhouming , Wu Yongsheng , Chen Lin
Published: May 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Unilateral internal carotid artery dissection with syncope as the first symptom
Authors: Xia Junyang , Jiang Xin , Pan Haojun , Liu Peipei
Published: April 2022

Internal carotid artery dissection(ICAD) is a series of pathological processes caused by intimal tear of the internal carotid artery. Syncope refers to a transient loss of consciousness caused by transient global brain hypoperfusion. ICAD with syncope is rare. Here we present a case of unilateral ICAD with syncope as the first symptom. We also review the literature and discuss the pathogenesis of syncope in ICAD patients. The main message we want to convey to readers is that unilateral ICAD can have syncope as the first symptom, which should not be ignored in the differential diagnosis of syncope. Furthermore, the pathogenesis of syncope in ICAD is more likely to be that subintimal blood flow can easily increase the mechanical stretch of adventitia, stimulate the baroreceptors and cause hyperactive carotid sinus reflex.
A Somatic Mutation-Derived LncRNA Signatures of Genomic Instability Predicts the Prognosis and Tumor Microenvironment Immune Characters in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Jin Chuan , Zhao Jian-Sen , Huang Xu-Qi , Yang Xian-Zi , Niu Fei-Yu , Lin Jin-Rong , Ma Lei , Shi Yan-Xia , Li Xiao-Shan , Jiang Peng , Gao Sha , Li Feng , Song Ye
Published: May 2022

Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive carcinoma with genome instability. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been functionally associated with genomic instability in cancers. However, the identification and prognostic value of lncRNAs related to genome instability have not been explored in hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, we aim to identify a genomic instability-related lncRNA signature for predicting prognosis and the efficacy of immunotherapy in HCC patients.Methods:According to the somatic mutation and transcript data of 364 patients with HCC, we determined differentially expressed genome instability-related lncRNAs (GInLncRNAs). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed the potential functions of genes co-expressed with those lncRNAs involved in cancer development and immune function. We further determined a genome instability-related lncRNA signature (GInLncSig) through Cox regression analysis and LASSO regression analysis. Thereafter, we performed correlation analyses with mutations, clinical stratification analyses, survival analysis to evaluate GInLncSig predictive function. Subsequently, we construct a nomogram model for prognostic assessments of patients with HCC. Finally, we performed Immunocytes infiltration analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) of immunity circle associated pathways, and T cell-inflamed score to explore GInLncSig’s potential value of guiding immunotherapy.Results:We identified 11 independent prognosis-associated GInLncRNAs (AC002511.2, LINC00501, LINC02055, LINC02714, LINC01508, LOC105371967, RP11_96A15.1, RP11_305F18.1, RP11_342M1.3, RP11_432J24.3, U95743.1) to construct a GInLncSig. According to the risk score calculated by GInLncSig, the high-risk group was characterized by a higher somatic mutation count, significantly poorer clinical prognosis, higher T cell-inflamed score, and specific tumor immune infiltration status compared with the low-risk group. Furthermore, we constructed a nomogram model to improve the reliability and clinical utility for predicting the prognosis of patients with HCC. Conclusion：our study established a reliable prognostic prediction signature that could be a tool for prognosis prediction and a promising predictive biomarker of immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Compressibilities along the magnetite-magnesioferrite solid solution
Authors: Melai Caterina , Boffa-Ballaran Tiziana , Uenver-Thiele Laura , Kurnosov Alexander , Chumakov Aleksandr I. , Bessas Dimitrios , Frost Daniel J.
Published: May 2022

In order to calculate the thermodynamic properties for recently discovered high-pressure mixed valence iron-oxides in the system Fe-Mg-O, information on the equation of state of precursor inverse spinel phases along the magnetite-magnesioferrite join is needed. The existing equation of state data, particularly for magnesioferrite, are in poor agreement and no data exist for intermediate compositions. In this study, the compressibility of nearly pure magnesioferrite as well as of an intermediate \({{\text{M}\text{g}}_{0.5}\text{F}\text{e}}_{0.5}^{2+}{\text{F}\text{e}}_{2}^{3+}{O}_{4}\) sample have been investigated for the first time up to approximately 13 and 19 GPa respectively, using single crystal X-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell. Samples were produced in high-pressure experiments to promote a high level of cation ordering, with resulting inversion parameters of x = 0.892(2) and x = 0.98(3) for the endmember and intermediate composition, respectively. The room pressure unit cell volumes, V0, and bulk moduli, KT0, could be adequately constrained using a 2nd order Brich-Murnaghan equation of state, which yield V0 =588.97 (8) Å3 and KT0 = 178.4(5) GPa for magnesioferrite and V0 = 590.21(5) Å3 and KT0 = 188.0(6) GPa for the intermediate composition. As magnetite has KT0 = 180(1) GPa (Gatta et al., 2007), this means the variation in KT0 across the magnetite-magnesioferrite solid solution is significantly non-linear, in contrast to several other Fe-Mg spinels. The larger incompressibility of the intermediate composition compared to the two endmembers may be a peculiarity of the magnetite-magnesioferrite solid solution caused by an interruption of Fe2+-Fe3+ electron hopping by Mg cations substituting in the octahedral site.
Aerosol boxes for Airway management in coronavirus disease patients: a clinical retrospective study in Mexico
Authors: Duarte-Medrano Gilberto , Sorbello Massimiliano , Susunaga-Hope Rafael Renato , Fuentes-Castro Paula Ivette , Avila-OrtIZ Beatriz C , Velasco-Godinez Aida Paola , Contreras-Garcia Wendy Y , Pineda-Castillo Miguel Alejandro , Urdaneta Felipe , Téllez-Ávila Félix Ignacio
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Significant concerns raise for the healthcare workers involved in airway management of patients diagnosed with coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19).Due to shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE), barrier enclosure systems such as aerosol box (AB) have been proposed worldwide. Aim of this study was to evaluate our experience using AB as protective equipment in patients with COVID-19 in a third level center in Mexico.Methods: Retrospective study of COVID-19 patients requiring airway management using an AB in the Hospital Central Sur de Alta Especialidad de Pemex in Mexico City from March 1 to June 1, 2020. Antropometric data, pre-intubation vital signs and laboratory tests, intubation success rate, complications associated with AB and patients’ mortality were recorded. A survey was administered after airway management for subjective evaluation of AB.Results: 39 patients for a total of 40 intubations were documented. 31 (77.5%) were men, with mean age of 61.65 years; successful intubation occurred in 39 (97.55%) of the procedures, AB was used in 36 (90%) of intubations, with success in 28 (70.0%); A Cormack-Lehane grade 3 view was recorded in 18 patients (46.2%), and during the procedure the AB had to be removed in 8 (22.2%) cases, with migration documented in 91.6% of cases. The 30-day mortality was 48.71%, with 23.0% of patients discharged. 83.3% of surveyed anesthesiologists reported significant limitations in manipulating airway devices with AB used.Conclusion: Our data indicate that in clinical practice use of AB may hinder airway management, decreases the intubation success rate and may also result in patients’ injury. Further studies are necessary to validate use of AB in clinical practice, and they should not replace certified PPE.
Study on the causes of death of hospitalized neonates from 2012 to 2021 at a tertiary hospital in east China
Authors: Wang Huawei , Wu Zhixin , Geng Haifeng , Zhu Xiaoli , Zhu Xueping
Published: April 2022

Background: This study aimed to analyze the clinical data of neonatal deaths in a tertiary children’s hospital in east China by investigating the causes and differences among neonatal deaths over the past ten years. By estimating the levels and trends of neonatal deaths, the treatment level could be improved, and preventive measures could be taken to decrease the mortality rates of hospitalized neonates.Methods: The clinical data of deceased neonates admitted to the Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, were collected between January 2012 and December 2021. We estimated and analyzed the number of neonates dying during the first 28 days of life as a function of their gestational age, birth weight, and age at death.Results: From 42,004 hospitalized neonates, we identified 469 cases of death (1.12%). The mortality rate of hospitalized neonates decreased from 2.15% in 2012 to 0.66% in 2021. Similarly, the mortality rate of term neonates decreased from 1.26% to 0.53%, and that of preterm neonates was reduced from 6.03% to 2.67%. The proportion of neonates with gestational age <32 weeks gradually increased from 2012 to 2021, but for neonates with gestational ages ≥37 weeks, they were lower between 2017 and 2021 than between 2012 and 2016 (P<0.05). The proportion of dead neonates with birth weights less than 1,499g gradually increased from 2012 to 2021 but was greater between 2017 and 2021 than between 2012 and 2016. While neonatal deaths within 1 day progressively increased, the opposite was true for deaths between 8 and 28 days. The incidence of pregnancy complications, gestational diabetes, and the using of corticosteroids before birth were higher between 2017 and 2021 than from 2012 to 2016 (P < 0.05). The proportion of preterm with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) increased, although neonatal asphyxia was rarer in the second than the first half of the investigated decade (P<0.05).In the first half, the leading causes of neonatal death in declining frequency were infectious diseases, neonatal asphyxia, preterm/NRDS, severe congenital malformations, and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. In contrast, from 2017 to 2021, the leading causes of neonatal death have been preterm/NRDS, infectious diseases, neonatal asphyxia, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, and severe congenital malformations.Conclusions: With the advancement of neonatal medicine, the hospitalized neonatal mortality rate has significantly decreased in the last 10 years. Infectious diseases and neonatal asphyxia follow preterm/NRDS as the most frequent causes of neonatal deaths in recent years. Therefore, we should strengthen the prevention and control of infection, encourage cooperation with obstetrics departments to avoid premature deliveries, and improve resuscitation.
Design and preparation of micro-nanostructures on the surface of titanium alloy artificial bone and analysis of the frictional properties of the processed surface
Authors: Chen Rifan , Liu Zhiqiang , Zhao Fuhai , Wu Youchao , Zhang Jiajun
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we use laser processing method to process ortho-hexagonal microstructure on the surface of titanium alloy, and determine the optimal processing parameters according to the integrity and clarity of ortho-hexagonal processing. According to the experimental analysis, it is obtained that the processing speed is 300 mm/s, the power is 20 W and the frequency is 30 KHZ, the processing effect is the best. The optimized processing parameters were used to study the relationship between the weave height and the number of processing times. Using the method of multiple acid etching to prepare nanopores on the surface of titanium alloy, it is found that multiple acid etching can not only prepare nanoscale holes on the surface of titanium alloy, but also can well solve the slag left on the surface of titanium alloy by laser ablation.
On top of that, the effect of friction reduction of micro-nano structures on the surface of titanium alloy with different shapes, edge lengths and heights is also investigated. Both theoretically and experimentally, the microshaped surfaces are analyzed to have better wear resistance and lower average friction coefficient compared with smooth surfaces. The effect of single factors on the average friction coefficient was analyzed, and the results showed that the average friction coefficient decreases and then increases with the increase of side length and height of the weave, and the average friction coefficient of the ortho-hexagonal array weave is the smallest and the average friction coefficient of the circular array weave is the largest among the four shapes. The effect of the interaction of factors on the average friction coefficient was investigated, and the results showed that the optimal average friction coefficient was 0.0902, corresponding to the characteristic values of 0.66 for the shape, 200 μm for the height, and 60 μm for the height.
Salidroside and Compound C combination for treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by remodeling gut microbiota to regulate the brain–gut barriers
Authors: li huanhuan , Deng Hongxian , Fang Wenlan , Huang Xiting , Zhao Huanying , Liu Ruiying , Tong Yan
Published: April 2022

Background: It was reported that Salidroside and AMPK inhibitor Compound C alone have therapeutic effects on ischemic stroke. This paper explores the effect of salidroside combined with Compound C on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and based on the intestinal microecology its mechanism of action. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: ①sham-operated group; ②model group; ③ Salidroside group; ④Inhibitor group; ⑤Salidroside + inhibitor group. The rats in each group were given prophylactic intraperitoneal injection or normal saline for 7 days, and then the MCAO model was established. After the model was successfully established, each group continued to be treated with the corresponding solution for 7 days. After the last administration, the neurological function of the rats was detected, and then the whole brain was taken for sectioning, and the cerebral infarction area was measured after triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining; the brain tissue and colon tissue were taken for section analysis and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining; serum D-LA FABP, LPS, LBP concentration , DAO activity , IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 concentration were detected by Elisa; claudin-5 mRNA, occludin mRNA and zo-1 mRNA expression levels were detected by Real-time PCR; gut microbiota analysis by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results: SAL and CC combination improved neurological function and relieved cerebral infarction; SAL and CC combination affected the α and β diversity of gut microbiota, increased beneficial bacteria, reshaped the gut microbiome and improved gut microbial dysbiosis; SAL and CC combination improved the histopathology of rat brain and colon, prevented the destruction of the brain-gut barrier. SAL and CC combination reversed the translocation of gut microbiota, reduced systemic inflammatory response. Conclusion: SAL and CC combination can reduce cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating gut microbiota and brain-gut barrier.