bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mainstreaming Grey Literature in Research Library Collections in Kenya
Authors: Kwanya Tom , Stilwell Christine , Underwood Peter
Published: August 2016

Grey literature can be perceived as the unpublished content produced by academic, research, public and private institutions. Grey literature comprises newsletters, reports, working papers, theses, government documents, bulletins, fact sheets, conference proceedings, minutes, PowerPoint presentations and other publications which are generally produced for internal, localised and short-term purposes. The available evidence indicates that grey literature is steadily becoming an important source of research information. There is consensus amongst researchers that grey literature provides glimpses of research trends even before the formal publication of results. Grey literature also provides background information such as statistics, facts, overviews and research summaries which are important for new or ongoing research projects. Most researchers also agree that grey literature complements scientific sources (e.g. journals) in the provision of research information. In spite of its growing value, most research libraries in Kenya do not have strategies to manage grey literature effectively. This article explores the current status of grey literature in research libraries in Kenya. This study used an interpretive qualitative case study approach to collect data from researchers and librarians drawn from five national and international research institutions in Kenya. Data was collected through interviews, focus group discussions, documentary analysis and social network analysis. Data analysis was done through content analysis, conversation analysis and Heideggarian hermeneutics. Reliability and validity of the results was ensured through effective sampling and pre-testing of data collection techniques and instruments. The study found that most of grey literature generated or collected by research libraries in Kenya tends to be lost as soon as its short-term purposes are served. The authors propose strategies that research libraries in Kenya can use to mainstream grey literature in their collections and enhance access to it and use of it.
Synthesis, spectroscopic, and theoretical studies of tin(II) complexes with biologically active Schiff bases derived from amino acids
Authors: Singh Har Lal
Published: August 2016

New tin(II) complexes of general stoichiometry [Sn(L)2] with bidentate ligand, derived from amino acids with isatin, 5-chloroisatin have been synthesized. It is characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance measurements, and molecular weight determinations. Bonding of these complexes is discussed in terms of their UV-visible, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C, and 119Sn NMR) spectroscopic studies. The ligands act as bidentate towards metal ions, via the azomethine nitrogen and deprotonated oxygen of the respective ligands. The bond length, bond angles, highest occupied molecular orbital, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, chemical hardness, global softness, and the lowest energy model structure of the complexes have been determined by density functional theory (DFT) calculations at B3LYP/LanL2DZ level. A few representative ligands and their tin complexes have been screened for their antibacterial activities and found to be active in this respect.
Crystal structure of (Z)-4-((E)-(4-chlorobenzyli-dene)hydrazono)-1-p-tolylpyrrolidine-3-carbonitrile, C19H17ClN4
Authors: El-Hiti Gamal A. , Abdel-Wahab Bakr F. , Baashen Mohammed , Hegazy Amany S. , Kariuki Benson M.
Published: August 2016

C19H17ClN4, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 6.9042(5) Å, b = 7.1990(5) Å, c = 18.2633(13) Å, α = 86.727(6)°, β = 79.214(6)°, γ = 69.876(7)°, V = 837.25(11) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0553, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1406, T = 296(2) K.
Narratives of Belonging in the Digital Diaspora: Corpus Approaches to a Cultural Concept
Authors: Heyd Theresa
Published: August 2016

In this study, I examine narratives of belonging through a corpus of digital diasporic discourse. The
corpus is based on a Nigerian online discussion forum; its users primarily consist of both local Nigerians and
members of the globally dispersed Nigerian diaspora. The study sets out by providing a working definition
of narratives of belonging couched in the sociolinguistic tradition of approaching narrative structures. This
includes aspects of personal narration, structural features, and reference to concepts that are salient in the
construction of belonging. From this preliminary definition, retrieval strategies are developed to identify
narratives of belonging in a large-scale dataset through a combination of manual and automated searches.
The dataset of narratives is then analyzed, both in terms of structural features such as length and variation
in narrative complexity, as well as linguistic properties, such as code-switching and the use of toponyms.
Finally, these analyses are used to identify emerging topic strands and recurring themes in these narratives
of belonging. It can be argued that such codifications of the diasporic experience are created and reinforced
through individuated stories. Narratives of belonging, in other words, systematically contribute to the
identity work performed in and by a digital diasporic community.
When the “other” runs in front of the bull: a membership categorization analysis of a television news story
Authors: Roca-Cuberes Carles , Ventura Rafael
Published: August 2016

This article analyzes a television news story using a particular example. In line with the research tradition of the ethnomethodological approach of membership categorization analysis, our main analytical concerns are (i) to understand the logic of practical reasoning and intelligibility involved in the production of the news story; (ii) to examine how this intelligibility is generated and what resources – such as commonsense knowledge of the social structures – are used to make the news story communicable; and (iii) to explore how specific forms of categorization employed in the news story are used to induce certain readings or to promote certain worldviews. The news story analyzed describes the progressive increase of foreign participants at the San Fermín running of the bulls in Pamplona, Spain. It also highlights the still minority participation by women at this massive event. The results of the analysis show that both “foreigners” and “women” are presented as being in the wrong place. Through association with their typical predicates, both “foreigners” and “women” are construed in the news story as the “other.” A final reflection is made on the concept of identity, which is understood as a situated accomplishment.
Social identity and procedural consequentiality in welfare interviews
Authors: Simonen Mika
Published: August 2016

This article studies how, in welfare interviews, interviewers receive simple positive responses from interviewees that are not indexing any answer options. Using videotaped data from welfare-related interviews in Finland (N=23), it is shown that interviewers receiving response particlesjoo‘yeah’ andkyllä‘yes’, and the verb repeat responsepystyn‘I am able’, may treat them (i) as interchangeable, and (ii) differently, since they take into account the prior speaker’s social identity. Minimal responses delivered by the unemployed are taken for granted, while the same responses delivered by elderly retirees are accountable. Hence, social identity is demonstrably relevant and procedurally consequential in the reception of positive minimal responses. This analytical claim should be carefully considered by anyone collecting data through interviews.
Extended concurrent speech andguānxìmanagement in Mandarin
Authors: Zhu Weihua
Published: August 2016

Most previous research on turn-taking mechanisms has not centered on extended concurrent speech for floor taking or topic switching, although brief overlaps have been discussed (e. g. Schegloff [2000, Overlapping talk and organization of turn-taking for conversation,Language in Society29, 1–63]). This study departs from conversation analysis (CA) perspectives and attempts to uncover extended concurrent speech as a strategy forguānxì(relationship) management employed by non-familial equal-status Mandarin speakers in everyday practice in a southeastern city of mainland China. Spontaneous mundane conversations were analyzed and interpreted by means of a discursive-interactional approach, inclusive of interactional sociolinguistics. The participants were found to co-construct extended concurrent speech to maintain or enhanceguānxìwithout any manifestations of negative evaluation. The study suggests the importance of situating research in local and large contexts, including the participants’ relational history, occupation, age, sex and social distance, and the necessity to examine extended concurrent speech, floor taking and topic switching in different varieties of Chinese. The findings can promote our understanding of intercultural communication that involves native Chinese speakers.
Fractional Zero-Point Angular Momenta in Noncommutative Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Liu Si-Jia , Zhang Yu-Fei , Long Zheng-Wen , Jing Jian
Published: August 2016

The charged particle confined by a harmonic potential in a noncommutative planar phase space interacting with a homogeneous dynamical magnetic field and Aharonov-Bohm potentials is studied. We find that the canonical orbital angular momenta of the reduced models, which are obtained by setting the mass and a dimensionless parameter to zero, take fractional values. These fractional angular momenta are not only determined by the flux inside the thin long solenoid but also affected by the noncommutativities of phase space.
Differential Invariants of the (2+1)-Dimensional Breaking Soliton Equation
Authors: Han Zhong , Chen Yong
Published: August 2016

We construct the differential invariants of Lie symmetry pseudogroups of the (2+1)-dimensional breaking soliton equation and analyze the structure of the induced differential invariant algebra. Their syzygies and recurrence relations are classified. In addition, a moving frame and the invariantization of the breaking soliton equation are also presented. The algorithms are based on the method of equivariant moving frames.
Asymptotic Analysis to Two Nonlinear Equations in Fluid Mechanics by Homotopy Renormalisation Method
Authors: Guan Jiang , Kai Yue
Published: August 2016

By the homotopy renormalisation method, the global approximate solutions to Falkner-Skan equation and Von Kármá’s problem of a rotating disk in an infinite viscous fluid are obtained. The homotopy renormalisation method is simple and powerful for finding global approximate solutions to nonlinear perturbed differential equations arising in mathematical physics.
Bowel perforation complicating an ACTH-secreting phaeochromocytoma
Authors: Flynn Elise , Baqar Sara , Liu Dorothy , Ekinci Elif I , Farrell Stephen , Zajac Jeffrey D , De Luise Mario , Seeman Ego
Published: August 2016

ACTH-secreting phaeochromocytoma (ASP) is a rare cause of ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome (CS). We report the case of a 63-year-old female presenting with CS secondary to an ASP complicated by bowel perforation. This case report highlights ASP as an uncommon but important cause of ectopic ACTH secretion (EAS). There have been 29 cases of ASP, all of which were unilateral and benign, but associated with significant complications. Patients presenting with ASP have the potential for cure with unilateral adrenalectomy. Given this promising prognosis if recognised, ASP should be considered in the diagnostic workup of ACTH-dependent CS. As this case demonstrates, gastrointestinal complications can arise from severe hypercortisolaemia associated with CS. Early medical and surgical intervention is imperative as mortality approaches 50% once bowel perforation occurs.

Learning points

Consider phaeochromocytoma in the diagnostic workup of ACTH-dependent CS; screen with plasma metanephrines or urinary catecholamines.

Serial screening may be required if ACTH-secreting phaeochromocytoma is suspected, as absolute levels can be misleading.

Early catecholamine receptor blockade and adrenal synthesis blockade may avoid the need for rescue bilateral adrenalectomy in ACTH-secreting phaeochromocytoma.

Consider early medical or surgical management when gastrointestinal features are present in patients with CS, as bowel perforation due to severe hypercortisolaemia can occur and is associated with significant mortality.
Is there an effect of ghrelin/ghrelin analogs on cancer? A systematic review
Authors: Sever Sakine , White Donna L , Garcia José M
Published: August 2016

Ghrelin is a hormone with multiple physiologic functions, including promotion of growth hormone release, stimulation of appetite and regulation of energy homeostasis. Treatment with ghrelin/ghrelin-receptor agonists is a prospective therapy for disease-related cachexia and malnutrition.In vitrostudies have shown high expression of ghrelin in cancer tissue, although its role including its impact in cancer risk and progression has not been established. We performed a systematic literature review to identify peer-reviewed human or animalin vivooriginal research studies of ghrelin, ghrelin-receptor agonists, or ghrelin genetic variants and the risk, presence, or growth of cancer using structured searches in PubMed database as well as secondary searches of article reference lists, additional reviews and meta-analyses. Overall, 45 (73.8%) of the 61 studies reviewed, including all 11 involving exogenous ghrelin/ghrelin-receptor agonist treatment, reported either a null (no statistically significant difference) or inverse association of ghrelin/ghrelin-receptor agonists or ghrelin genetic variants with cancer risk, presence or growth; 10 (16.7%) studies reported positive associations; and 6 (10.0%) reported both negative or null and positive associations. Differences in serum ghrelin levels in cancer cases vs controls (typically lower) were reported for some but not all cancers. The majority ofin vivostudies showed a null or inverse association of ghrelin with risk and progression of most cancers, suggesting that ghrelin/ghrelin-receptor agonist treatment may have a favorable safety profile to use for cancer cachexia. Additional large-scale prospective clinical trials as well as basic bioscientific research are warranted to further evaluate the safety and benefits of ghrelin treatment in patients with cancer.
Helional induces Ca2+ decrease and serotonin secretion of QGP-1 cells via a PKG-mediated pathway
Authors: Kalbe Benjamin , Schlimm Marian , Mohrhardt Julia , Scholz Paul , Jansen Fabian , Hatt Hanns , Osterloh Sabrina
Published: August 2016

The secretion, motility and transport by intestinal tissues are regulated among others by specialized neuroendocrine cells, the so-called enterochromaffin (EC) cells. These cells detect different luminal stimuli, such as mechanical stimuli, fatty acids, glucose and distinct chemosensory substances. The EC cells react to the changes in their environment through the release of transmitter molecules, most importantly serotonin, to mediate the corresponding physiological response. However, little is known about the molecular targets of the chemical stimuli delivered from consumed food, spices and cosmetics within EC cells. In this study, we evaluated the expression of the olfactory receptor (OR) 2J3 in the human pancreatic EC cell line QGP-1 at the mRNA and protein levels. Using ratiofluorometric Ca2+ imaging experiments, we demonstrated that the OR2J3-specific agonist helional induces a transient dose-dependent decrease in the intracellular Ca2+ levels. This Ca2+ decrease is mediated by protein kinase G (PKG) on the basis that the specific pharmacological inhibition of PKG with Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS abolished the helional-induced Ca2+ response. Furthermore, stimulation of QGP-1 cells with helional caused a dose-dependent release of serotonin that was comparable with the release induced by the application of a direct PKG activator (8-bromo-cGMP). Taken together, our results demonstrate that luminal odorants can be detected by specific ORs in QGP-1 cells and thus cause the directed release of serotonin and a PKG-dependent decrease in intracellular Ca2+.
Getting to the heart of intracellular glucocorticoid regeneration: 11β-HSD1 in the myocardium
Authors: Gray Gillian A , White Christopher I , Castellan Raphael F P , McSweeney Sara J , Chapman Karen E
Published: August 2016

Corticosteroids influence the development and function of the heart and its response to injury and pressure overload via actions on glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptors. Systemic corticosteroid concentration depends largely on the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, but glucocorticoid can also be regenerated from intrinsically inert metabolites by the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), selectively increasing glucocorticoid levels within cells and tissues. Extensive studies have revealed the roles for glucocorticoid regeneration by 11β-HSD1 in liver, adipose, brain and other tissues, but until recently, there has been little focus on the heart. This article reviews the evidence for glucocorticoid metabolism by 11β-HSD1 in the heart and for a role of 11β-HSD1 activity in determining the myocardial growth and physiological function. We also consider the potential of 11β-HSD1 as a therapeutic target to enhance repair after myocardial infarction and to prevent the development of cardiac remodelling and heart failure.
C-peptide protects against hyperglycemic memory and vascular endothelial cell apoptosis
Authors: Bhatt Mahendra Prasad , Lee Yeon-Ju , Jung Se-Hui , Kim Yong Ho , Hwang Jong Yun , Han Eun-Taek , Park Won Sun , Hong Seok-Ho , Kim Young-Myeong , Ha Kwon-Soo
Published: August 2016

C-peptide exerts protective effects against diabetic complications; however, its role in inhibiting hyperglycemic memory (HGM) has not been elucidated. We investigated the beneficial effect of C-peptide on HGM-induced vascular damage in vitro and in vivo using human umbilical vein endothelial cells and diabetic mice. HGM induced apoptosis by persistent generation of intracellular ROS and sustained formation of ONOO− and nitrotyrosine. These HGM-induced intracellular events were normalized by treatment with C-peptide, but not insulin, in endothelial cells. C-peptide also inhibited persistent upregulation of p53 and activation of mitochondrial adaptor p66shc after glucose normalization. Further, C-peptide replacement therapy prevented persistent generation of ROS and ONOO− in the aorta of diabetic mice whose glucose levels were normalized by the administration of insulin. C-peptide, but not insulin, also prevented HGM-induced endothelial apoptosis in the murine diabetic aorta. This study highlights a promising role for C-peptide in preventing HGM-induced intracellular events and diabetic vascular damage.
Intussusception Rates Before and After the Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccine
Authors: Tate Jacqueline E. , Yen Catherine , Steiner Claudia A. , Cortese Margaret M. , Parashar Umesh D.
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:

Recent US studies have identified a small increased risk of intussusception after rotavirus vaccination, mainly after the first dose. We examined trends in intussusception hospitalizations before (2000–2005) and after (2007–2013) rotavirus vaccine introduction to assess whether this observed temporal risk translates into more hospitalized cases at the population level.

METHODS:

Intussusception hospitalizations in children <12 months of age were abstracted from the State Inpatient Database maintained by the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project for 26 states that provided data from 2000 to 2013. Rates were calculated using bridged-race postcensal population estimates. Trends were analyzed by age groups (6–14 weeks, 15–24 weeks, and 25–34 weeks) based on the recommended ages for vaccine administration as well as 8–11 weeks when the majority of first doses are given. Rate ratios were calculated by using Poisson regression.

RESULTS:

No consistent change in intussusception hospitalization rates was observed among all children <12 months of age and among children 15 to 24 weeks and 25 to 34 weeks of age. The intussusception hospitalization rate for children aged 8 to 11 weeks was significantly elevated by 46% to 101% (range: 16.7–22.9 per 100 000) in all postvaccine years except 2011 and 2013 compared with the prevaccine baseline (11.7 per 100 000).

CONCLUSIONS:

The increase in the intussusception hospitalization rate in children 8 to 11 weeks when the majority of first doses of vaccine are given is consistent with recent US postlicensure studies. Given the magnitude of declines in rotavirus disease compared with this small increase in intussusception, the benefits of rotavirus vaccination outweigh the increase risk of intussusception.
How much is your diet? (Estimation about prices of “traditional Hungarian”, diabetic, low energy diets, and related life-style expenses)
Authors: Iski G. , Biró L. , Ungvári T. , Rurik I.
Published: August 2016

Nutrition and lifestyle-related diseases are some of the leading morbidities among the Hungarian population. People who want to lose weight often complain that healthy diet is expensive.

Our aim was to quantify the costs of three different types of diet for a three-day period. We compared “traditional Hungarian”, low energy, and diabetic diets, considering both energy content and expenses related to lifestyle.

According to our estimation: diabetic (including medication) and ”traditional” Hungarian diets were the most expensive. Low energy diet proved to be the most cost-effective despite the extra expenditures of higher physical activity.
Identifying the features of an exercise addiction: A Delphi study
Authors: Macfarlane Lucy , Owens Glynn , Cruz Borja del Pozo
Published: August 2016

Objectives

There remains limited consensus regarding the definition and conceptual basis of exercise addiction. An understanding of the factors motivating maintenance of addictive exercise behavior is important for appropriately targeting intervention. The aims of this study were twofold: first, to establish consensus on features of an exercise addiction using Delphi methodology and second, to identify whether these features are congruous with a conceptual model of exercise addiction adapted from the Work Craving Model.

Methods

A three-round Delphi process explored the views of participants regarding the features of an exercise addiction. The participants were selected from sport and exercise relevant domains, including physicians, physiotherapists, coaches, trainers, and athletes. Suggestions meeting consensus were considered with regard to the proposed conceptual model.

Results and discussion

Sixty-three items reached consensus. There was concordance of opinion that exercising excessively is an addiction, and therefore it was appropriate to consider the suggestions in light of the addiction-based conceptual model. Statements reaching consensus were consistent with all three components of the model: learned (negative perfectionism), behavioral (obsessive–compulsive drive), and hedonic (self-worth compensation and reduction of negative affect and withdrawal).

Conclusions

Delphi methodology allowed consensus to be reached regarding the features of an exercise addiction, and these features were consistent with our hypothesized conceptual model of exercise addiction. This study is the first to have applied Delphi methodology to the exercise addiction field, and therefore introduces a novel approach to exercise addiction research that can be used as a template to stimulate future examination using this technique.
The impact of (jazz) festivals
Authors: Webster Emma , McKay George
Published: August 2016

Festivals are an essential part of the jazz world, forming regularly occurring pivot points around which jazz musicians, audiences, and organizers plan their lives. Funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council, the purpose of this report is to chart and critically examine available writing about the impact of jazz festivals, drawing on both academic and ‘grey’/cultural policy literature in the field. The review presents research findings under the headings of economic impact; socio-political impact; temporal impact and intensification and transformation of experience; creative impact – music and musicians; discovery and audience development; place-making; the mediation of jazz festivals; and environmental impact. It concludes with a set of recommendations for future research, which identifies gaps in the field. To accompany the review, a 100-entry 40,000 word annotated bibliography has also been produced, which is accessible online.
Enhancing evidence based medicine: Twelve tips for conducting register-based research
Authors: Brooke Hannah L , Holzmann Martin J , Olén Ola , Talbäck Mats , Feychting Maria , Berglund Anita , Ludvigsson Jonas F , Ljung Rickard
Published: August 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. With the increasing use of electronic health records for research, the need for clinicians to understand register-based research will become more important in the future. Based on our expertise we have compiled 12 tips for conducting register-based research. We aim to improve the subject knowledge of medical educators and those intending to critically appraise register-based studies. In addition, we aim to create a practical guide for those considering using register data in their own research. Our tips summarise characteristics of the research process specific to register-based research, from study design and ethical considerations, to validating the register and managing the data.
Modelling clay–fluid interactions in montmorillonite clays
Authors: Katti Dinesh R , Patwary Zillur R , Katti Kalpana S
Published: August 2016

This study shows that flow properties and degree of swelling of sodium (Na) montmorillonite (MMT) clay depend significantly on the polarity of solvents. The behaviour of sodium MMT clays intercalated with fluids with a range of dielectric constants, from highly polar formamide (110) to very low-polarity toluene (2·4), using molecular dynamics simulations. These fluids are commonly found in landfill leachates and are identified as highly toxic by the Environmental Protection Agency. Typically, the higher the polarity of fluids, the lower is their mobility, resulting in retention inside clay interlayer, causing greater swelling and swelling pressure. From interaction energy calculations, it is observed that clay–clay electrostatic interactions contribute only 1–6% of the total clay–fluid or sodium ion–fluid interactions. This study suggests that hydration of clay surfaces and counter-ions are the dominating factors of clay swelling, rather than the interaction between negatively charged clay sheets. Also, at lower fluid concentrations, interlayer fluids show organised orientation. This study also provides insight into molecular mechanisms that lead to the macro-scale behaviour of swelling clays. Significant variation in flow properties and swelling of clays with fluids of different polarities are important considerations for landfill liner designs, as well as other geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications.
The case for internalising externalities in a sustainable rail asset base
Authors: Langdon Mark , Gillott Mark , Rodrigues Lucelia , Parry Tony
Published: August 2016

Although the concept of sustainability and sustainable development has tended to be mostly associated with the management of natural resources and the consequent environmental impact, the most accepted definition draws together its social, economic and environmental dimensions. The rail industry, as provider of a low carbon transport system, is well placed to have a significant role to play in promoting an environmental, economic and social balance that can be sustained and afforded for the foreseeable future. This paper suggests that a more comprehensive perspective on the scope of a sustainable intervention in rail infrastructure assets is needed, arguing that the necessary whole life evaluation process should include an additional positive externality: the uplift in knowledge, skill and expertise that comes about as a result of participation in projects and programmes. The inclusion of this benefit would provide a more accurate representation of value to support investment decision-making and strengthen the case for a broader funding base. The demonstration of the correlation between participation in projects and programmes and the consequent uplift in skill, knowledge and expertise could be used to shift the emphasis in rail project planning.
An Innovation for Retarded Healing Process of a Chronic Ulcer by Aloe Vera Gel Treatment
Authors: Avijgan Majid , Avijgan Mahtab , Hakamifard Atousa , Razavi Niloufar
Published: August 2016

In some cases of chronic ulcers of soft tissue cannot be treated by conventional treatment methods. In recent years some alternative methods have been proposed for treatment of such ulcers on the basis of Traditional Iranian (Persian) Medicine. This reports a case of chronic ulcer treatment by using Aloe vera gel. The ulcer was caused by car accident and in spite of using conventional treatment the injury remained for 60 days without appropriate response to therapy. Because of stopping in healing process by Aloe vera gel, this was discontinued and potassium permanganate has been used. After drying the ulcer using the alternative method of Aloe vera gel and potassium permanganate together has been applied and then the Aloe vera gel was used until the complete healing of ulcer. The delayed healing process of Aloe vera gel raise the question whether it is solely effective in complete healing of chronic ulcer or requires adjuvant therapies. Although Aloe vera is effective in healing process of chronic ulcer but sometimes it may be ineffective so that we are obliged to use potassium permanganate as an adjuvant drug which is presented by this case report.
Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Gandarusa (Gendarussa vulgaris Nees) and Soursoup (Annona muricata L) Extracts in LPS Stimulated-Macrophage Cell (RAW264.7)
Authors: Laksmitawati Dian Ratih , Prasanti Ajeng Prima , Larasinta Nadia , Syauta Gloria Agitha , Hilda Rivanny , Ramadaniati Hesty Utami , Widyastuti Anisa , Karami Nadia , Afni Merry , Rihibiha Dwi Davidson , Kusuma Hanna Sari W. , Widowati Wahyu
Published: August 2016

Inflammation is one of the important biological responses to injury. Anti-inflammatory is therefore proposed to treat both acute and chronic inflammation. Chemical compounds of various plants are widely used in treatment of inflammation. Objective: This study aims to evaluate anti-inflammatory potential of G. vulgaris extract (GVE) and A. muricata extract (AME) on LPS-stimulated murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7). Cell viability assay to evaluate nontoxic concentration in cell line was performed with MTS assay. Parameters to determine anti-inflammatory activity between treatment group and non treated cells, were IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 which was measured with Elisa, and NO level which was measured with nitrate/nitrite colorimetric assay. Both GVE and AME of 50 and 10 μg/mL showed high viability (>90%) and it was not significantly different compared to control, makes it suitable for treatment. GVE and AME of 50 μg/mL resulted low TNF-α level in RAW264.7(313.16pg/mL and 264.69 pg/mL respectively), as well as IL-1β level (903.53 pg/mL and 905.00 pg/mL respectively) and IL-6 (175.88 pg/mL and 219.13 pg/mL respectively). Whereas, GVE and AME of 75 μg/mL showed lower NO level (9.76 μM and 9.79 μM respectively) compared to untreated cells. This research revealed that GVE and AME possess the anti-inflammatory potential indicated by inhibition of inflammatory mediators including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NO.
Cytotoxic Activity of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Peel Extract and α-mangostin toward Leukemia Cell Lines (HL-60 and K-562)
Authors: Novilla Arina , Djamhuri Dedi S. , Fauziah Nurul , Maesaroh Maesaroh , Balqis Balqis , Widowati Wahyu
Published: August 2016

Fruit of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is well-known in Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries. Studies have shown that extract of the pericarp of mangosteen contained mostly of xanthones exhibit many biological activities, especially as an antitumor. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic activity and selectivity of Mangosteen Peel Extract (MPE) and α-mangostin against two leukemia cell lines (HL-60 and K-562) and the normal lymphocyte cells from two different donors. The cytotoxic activity was performed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxyme-thoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay. Imatinib and Isotretinoin were used as a positive control to the K-562 and HL-60 cells, respectively. The MPE and α-mangostin revealed higher mortality toward leukemia cell lines rather than toward lymphocyte cells, with more than 80% of HL-60 and K-562 cells died at 6.25 and 25 μg/ml, respectively. MPE was more toxic and selective against K-562 with IC50 of 2.79 μg/ml and SI of 8.27, while α-mangostin was more toxic and selective against HL-60 with IC50 of 1.12 μg/ml and SI of 22.34. MPE and α-mangostin showed potent sensitivity and selectivity to leukemia cells, hence these are considered as promising sources for future leukemia treatment.
Российский и зарубежный опыт взаимодействия предприятий оборонно-промышленного комплекса и инновационного малого предпринимательства
Authors: Лихтер Анна Валерьевна , Молодан Ирина Владимировна
Published: August 2016

Механизм взаимодействия крупного и малого бизнеса в сфере оборонно-промышленного комплекса в странах с развитой рыночной экономикой определяет успешность технологического развития экономики в целом за счет эффективного использования ресурсов и распространения инноваций в различных отраслях экономики. Анализ зарубежного и российского опыта в этой сфере показывает, что в отечественной экономике недостаточно используется потенциал инновационного малого бизнеса вследствие сложившейся институциональной среды.
Институт банкротства физических лиц: мировой опыт и российская практика
Authors: Цветкова Галина Сергеевна
Published: August 2016

Представлен сравнительный анализ законодательства о банкротстве физических лиц европейских стран, США, Канады и России. Выявлены общие подходы и особенности проведения процедур банкротства, рассмотрены социальные последствия банкротства физических лиц. Проведен анализ статистики банкротства физических лиц по Приволжскому федеральному округу, включая динамику количества потенциальных банкротов. Обозначены проблемы становления института банкротства физических лиц в России.
Повышение эффективности вертикально интегрированной биржевой модели ПАО «Московская биржа» путем поглощения участника рынка регистраторских услуг
Authors: Труничкин Николай Игоревич
Published: August 2016

Статья посвящена анализу и оценке возможных путей повышения эффективности вертикально интегрированной биржевой модели ПАО «Московская биржа» через поглощение высокотехнологичного участника рынка регистраторских услуг, с последующим формированием тренда по консолидации рынка регистраторских услуг.
Performance Evaluation of Karnataka Vikas Grameena Bank towards Priority Sector Lending in Karnataka
Authors: Baligatti Y. G. , Danappanavar Shilpa
Published: August 2016

Rural Banking in India refers to a set up of financial institutions for the economic improvement of rural poor in rural areas. The Karnataka Vikas Grameena Bank is the one of the leading RRBs in Karnataka and has occupied an unique place in the multiagency approach applied to provide agricultural and rural credit in rural areas of Karnataka. The KVG Bank has the front runner in catering to the needs of the farmers, traders, rural artisans, Professionals, self-employed, contractors and all other sections of the society.

In this paper an attempt is made to evaluate the role of the Karnataka Vikas Grameena Bank towards priority sector lending in Karnataka, through the parameters like disbursement of loan to various priority sectors like Agriculture, allied Activities, SSI units and Trade or Services. The study reported that, the KVG Bank has provided highest loan to agriculture as compare to other sector of the rural area and playing the significant role towards the development of agriculture sector. Further it is noted that the priority sector advances of the bank to allied activities is insignificant reflecting its utter negligence of allied activities.
An Ultrasound Study of Coarticulatory Resistance and Coarticulatory Aggression
Authors: Irfana M , Sreedevi N
Published: August 2016

The term 'coarticulatory resistance' refers to the degree to which a given segment, a consonant or a vowel, resists potential interference of neighbouring segments. The phoneme has coarticulatory resistance exert stronger influence on neighbouring phoneme and exhibit less contextual variation, this characteristic termed as 'coarticulatory aggression'. The present study aims to analyse the coarticulatory resistance and coarticulatory aggression based on ultrasound imaging technique. Thirty adult Malayalam speakers participated as subjects. The stimuli consisted of VCV sequences, with C corresponding to voiced/voiceless counterparts of dental stops (/t̪/, /d̪/) or retroflex stops (/ʈ/, /ɖ/) or velar stops (/k/, /g/), in the context of vowels /a, i, u/. Measurements of coarticulation resistance of consonants, preceding vowels and following vowels were carried out based on Root Mean Square (RMS) distance between the tongue contours of vowels and consonants. Results showed that coarticulatory resistance of consonants were decreased in the order from retroflex followed by velars and dentals. High front vowel /i/ resisted coarticulation of preceding consonant better than other vowels considered. It highlights the trend of Degree of Articulatory Constraint (DAC) model for both consonant and vowel system.
TOXIC ACTIVITIES OF HEXANE EXTRACT AND COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY FRACTIONS OF RODENT TUBER PLANT (Typhonium flagelliforme Lodd.) ON Artemia salina
Authors: Sianipar Nesti F. , Maarisit Wilmar , Valencia Alice
Published: August 2016

Rodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme Lodd.) is a medicinal plant  particularly found in Java. The plant is used as an ingredient for  conventional cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the toxic activities of crude extracts and column chromatography fractions of  rodent tuber on Artemia salina larvae. Rodent tuber plant was obtained  from the Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute in  Bogor, West Java. The experiment was conducted in the Biology  Laboratory of Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten. Leaves and petioles of the plant were macerated with acetone and the filtrates were evaporated (40°C) to obtain crude extracts. The crude extracts were partitioned with ethyl acetate, followed with hexane, chloroform and  butanol. Toxicity test of the extracts was performed using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method on A. salina larvae. Extract showing the most toxic was fractioned using column chromatography and then tested on the larvae. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized  factorial, four replicates for crude extracts and two replicates for the fractions. Treatments were different types of extracts (hexane, chloroform and butanol) at various concentrations (500, 1,000 and 1,500 μg ml-1 of 5% Tween solution). Fractions of the column chromatography used were taken from the column number 1, 3 and 10, and tested their toxicities at 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1,000 μg ml-1 of 5% Tween solution. Parameters observed were the death of A. salina expressed as LC50. The study  showed that hexane extract of the petioles had the most toxic to A. salina (LC50 = 762.08 μg ml-1). Fraction number 10 showed the highest toxic (LC50 = 381.07 μg ml-1), whereas the lowest was fraction number 3 (LC50 = 653.13 μg ml-1). The study indicates that rodent tuber plant from Bogor is toxic to A. salina and further test for its cytotoxic activity is justified.
RESPONSE OF SUB1 INTROGRESSION LINES OF RICE TO VARIOUS FLOODING CONDITIONS
Authors: Nugraha Yudhistira , Vergara Georgiana V. , Mackill David J. , Ismail Abdel Bagi
Published: August 2016

Two types of floods can be happen in rice crops, i.e. flash floods and  stagnant floods. Flash floods cause complete submergence for up to 2 weeks, while stagnant floods (SF) could partially submerge part of rice  plant. To overcome yield loss due to the floods, introgression of SUB1 gene, known as a gene suppressing cell elongation and carbohydrate  metabolism, to rice genotype can increase plant tolerance to complete submergence for 10 days or more. The study aimed to evaluate the response of 18 rice genotypes, including the recently developed sixth pair SUB1 near isogenic lines (NILs) of mega-rice varieties (Swarna, Sambha Mahsuri, IR64, TDK1, BR11, and CR1009), to various flooding conditions. The rice genotypes were planted at field ponds at Los Banos, Philippines, in the wet season (WS) of 2009. The treatments were 15 days  submergence, SF, SF follows submergence and normal conditions. Each treatment was arranged in completely randomized block design with three
replications. The results showed that the SUB1 introgression rice lines had higher survival compared to the non-SUB1 and did not much elongate their shoots during submergence. Nevertheless, under SF the rice genotypes should elongates their shoots to allow restoring contact with the air. SF and SF follows submergence decreased the panicle number, grain
number per panicle and panicle fertility. Consequently, the yield declined. It suggests that sensitive genotypes are mostly sourcelimited during grain filling. The SUB1 introgression lines had higher chlorophyll concentration and less depletion in soluble sugar and starch after submergence. Under SF, soluble sugar and starch contents between the SUB1 NILs and  non-SUB1 lines were not significantly different. Introgression of the SUB1 into high-yielding varieties improved submergence tolerance without affecting yield potential. The study indicates that introgression of the SUB1 into taller type rice varieties should be done to compensate the effect of suppressed elongation.
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF S3 MAIZE GENOTYPES RESISTANT TO DOWNY MILDEW BASED ON SSR MARKERS
Authors: Muis Amran , Nonci Nurnina , Pabendon Marcia B.
Published: August 2016

The compulsory requirement for releasing new high yielding maize varieties is resistance to downy mildew. The study aimed to determine the level of homozygosity, genetic diversity, and  genetic distance of 30 S3 genotypes of maize. Number of primers to be used were 30 polymorphic SSR loci which are distributed over the entire maize genomes. The S3 genotypes used were resistant to downy mildew with homozygosity level of >80%, genetic distance between the test and tester strains >0.7, and anthesis silking interval (ASI) between inbred lines and tester lines was maximum 3 days. The results showed that 30 SSR primers used were spread evenly across the maize genomes which were manifested in the representation of SSR loci on each chromosome of a total of 10 chromosomes. The levels of polymorphism ranged from 0.13 to 0.78, an average of 0.51, and the number of alleles ranged from 2 to 8 alleles per SSR locus, an average of 4 alleles per SSR locus. The size of nucleotides in each locus also varied from 70 to 553 bp. Cophenetic correlation value (r) at 0.67 indicated that the Unweighted Pair-Group Method Using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) was less reliable for differentiating genotypes in five groups. Of the total of 30 genotypes analyzed, 17 genotypes had homozygosity level of >80% so it can be included in the hybrid assembly program.
Security Sector Reform in Kosovo: From institutional transitions to the democratic consolidation
Authors: Baliqi Dr.Sc. Bekim
Published: August 2016

This article explores the relationship between Security Sector Reform (SSR) and institutional transition in post-conflict countries, drawing on a case study of Kosovo. The study focuses on the institution-building of core security institutions and the role of international community in Sector Security Reform in Kosovo, reviewing the ways in which security, the rule of law and political context have been intertwined. The article first outlines the context of the international mission in Kosovo, in particular transformation of Kosovo Liberation Army through Demilitarization, Demobilization and Reintegration before proceeding to consider how the objectives, needs and constraints of international and local actors have influenced the reform of the security institutions and the security in general. Then, article explores the establishment of Kosovo Police Service and the reform process of this and other relevant security institution. In the first line, article will discusses concepts of SSR and overview an overall process of democratic transition with a main focus on security sector. After the presentation of a brief development of the SSR in Kosovo since the end of war with focus on the role of international community, article will be completed by the main findings and conclusions of this research
Several criminal, phenomenological and etiological features of criminal offences of counterfeiting money in Kosovo
Authors: Krasniqi MSc. Milot
Published: August 2016

The Republic of Kosovo is making efforts as a young state to strengthen rule of law and efficiently combat criminality in general, and specifically organized crime, as a condition for its journey towards European integration perspectives. For a normal functioning of the economic system, the safety and protection of controlled circulation of money are of vital importance. In this direction, the state takes actions and measures to ensure that manufacturing and emissions of banknotes and bonds are undertaken by competent authorities, such as the Central Bank, and render impossible the counterfeiting of money. In Kosovo, money counterfeiting is not widely studied. Consequently, there are no recent research papers over the time when these offences have marked rather high records. This circumstance, and especially the fact that these offences are rather frequent in Kosovo, made me enter the research of this type of criminality.  Apart from principles and rules stipulated by special laws of the field of economy, protection of the economic system is also helped by the Criminal Code, which incriminates the act of counterfeit money as a criminal offence against the economic system, thereby ensuring general prevention of potential offenders, and repressive measures against confirmed offenders. Protection of economic and monetary systems is also provided upon by numerous international acts. The paper is permeated by conclusions, analysis and independent recommendations, which I believe will contribute de lege ferrenda to criminal policies in preventing and combating this type of crime. In researching the criminal offences of counterfeiting money, I have used the method of historical materialism, dogmatic law method, statistical methods, surveys and interviews, and studies of individual cases.  From the research of this type of crime, I have concluded that these criminal offences are a serious type of crime, which may result in major individual, family and social consequences. Nevertheless, these crimes are found in all societies, including Kosovo.