bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subsyndromal depression among older adults in the USA: prevalence, comorbidity, and risk for new‐onset psychiatric disorders in late life
Authors: Laborde‐Lahoz Pilar , El‐Gabalawy Renée , Kinley Jolene , Kirwin Paul D. , Sareen Jitender , Pietrzak Robert H.
Published: October 2014

Background

Population‐based data are lacking on the prevalence and comorbidity of subsyndromal depression (SSD) and its associated risk for incident psychiatric disorders in older adults.

Methods

Using nationally representative data from 10,409 US adults aged 55 years and older who participated in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, we evaluated associations between lifetime SSD at Wave 1, and lifetime and incident mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders over a 3‐year period.

Results

Some 13.8% of older adults met criteria for SSD, and 13.7% met criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD). After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, older adults with SSD at Wave 1 had significantly increased odds of lifetime mood (adjusted odds ratios (AORs) = 3.65–10.55), anxiety (AORs = 1.61–2.50), and any personality (AOR = 1.62) disorders. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and comorbid psychiatric disorders, older adults with SSD at Wave 1 had significantly increased odds of developing new‐onset MDD (AOR = 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–2.05), as well as an anxiety disorder (AOR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.04–2.20) at Wave 2.

Conclusion

In addition to the 13.7% of US older adults with lifetime MDD, an additional 13.8% have lifetime SSD, which is not a formally recognized diagnosis. In addition to its high prevalence, SSD is associated with elevated rates of comorbid mood, anxiety, and personality disorders, as well as the development of a new‐onset MDD and anxiety disorder. These results underscore the importance of dimensional approaches to assessing depressive symptoms in older persons, as diagnostic approaches that rely on rigorous categorical classifications may fail to identify a substantial proportion of at‐risk individuals. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical mapping of metabolites in the medial wall of the brain: A proton echo planar spectroscopic imaging study
Authors: Niddam David M. , Tsai Shang‐Yueh , Lin Yi‐Ru
Published: October 2014

With magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), it is possible to simultaneously map distributions of several brain metabolites with relatively good spatial resolution in a short time. Although other functional imaging modalities have taken advantage of population‐based inferences using spatially extended statistics, this approach remains little utilized for MRSI. In this study, statistical nonparametric mapping (SnPM) was applied to two‐dimensional MRSI data from the medial walls of the human brain to assess the effect of normal aging on metabolite concentrations. The effects of different preprocessing steps on these results were then explored. Short echo time MRSI of left and right medial walls was acquired in conjunction with absolute quantification of total choline, total creatine (tCr), glutamate and glutamine, myo‐inositol, and N‐acetyl‐aspartate. Individual images were spatially warped to a common anatomical frame of reference. Age effects were assessed within SnPM as were the effects of voxel subsampling, variance smoothing, and spatial smoothing. The main findings were: (1) regions in the bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate and in the left posterior cingulate exhibited higher tCr concentrations with age; (2) voxel subsampling but not spatial smoothing enhanced the cluster‐level statistical sensitivity; and (3) variance smoothing was of little benefit in this study. Our study shows that spatially extended statistics can yield information about regional‐specific changes in metabolite concentrations obtained by short echo time MRSI. This opens up the possibility for systematic comparisons of metabolites in the medial wall of the brain. Hum Brain Mapp 36:852–861, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ye Xibiao , Casaclang Natalie , Mahmud Salaheddin M.
Published: October 2014

Epidemiological study findings regarding the association between use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have been inconsistent. We aimed to systematically review epidemiological studies of the association and calculate pooled relative risks using meta‐analytic methods. We searched eight electronic literature databases and three clinical trial registers to identify all studies (including observational studies and randomized clinical trials) of the association published prior to October 2013. Identified studies were independently reviewed by two researchers. We used a random effects model to calculate pooled odds ratio (PORs). Heterogeneity amongst studies was examined using Cochran's Q and I‐squared (I2) tests; and sources of heterogeneity were explored using subgroup and meta‐regression analyses. A total of 17 studies (12 case‐control studies and five cohort studies), all adult studies, were included. Use of NSAIDs was not associated with overall risk of NHL [POR = 1.05, and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.90–1.22] or NHL subtypes including B‐cell lymphoma, T‐cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). Aspirin use was associated with reduced risk of CLL/SLL (POR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.54–0.91) but not with the risk of all NHLs (POR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.89–1.17). Use of non‐aspirin NSAIDs was associated with increased risk of NHL (POR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.01–1.97) amongst females only. The epidemiologic evidence remains inconclusive. Effects of NSAIDs may differ by drug type, NHL subtype, and sex and more studies taking into consideration these differences are needed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Groundwater – the disregarded component in lake water and nutrient budgets. Part 2: effects of groundwater on nutrients
Authors: Lewandowski Jörg , Meinikmann Karin , Nützmann Gunnar , Rosenberry Donald O.
Published: October 2014

Lacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) transports nutrients from a catchment to a lake, which may fuel eutrophication, one of the major threats to our fresh waters. Unfortunately, LGD has often been disregarded in lake nutrient studies. Most measurement techniques are based on separate determinations of volume and nutrient concentration of LGD: Loads are calculated by multiplying seepage volumes by concentrations of exfiltrating water. Typically low phosphorus (P) concentrations of pristine groundwater often are increased due to anthropogenic sources such as fertilizer, manure or sewage. Mineralization of naturally present organic matter might also increase groundwater P. Reducing redox conditions favour P transport through the aquifer to the reactive aquifer‐lake interface. In some cases, large decreases of P concentrations may occur at the interface, for example, due to increased oxygen availability, while in other cases, there is nearly no decrease in P. The high reactivity of the interface complicates quantification of groundwater‐borne P loads to the lake, making difficult clear differentiation of internal and external P loads to surface water. Anthropogenic sources of nitrogen (N) in groundwater are similar to those of phosphate. However, the environmental fate of N differs fundamentally from P because N occurs in several different redox states, each with different mobility. While nitrate behaves essentially conservatively in most oxic aquifers, ammonium's mobility is similar to that of phosphate. Nitrate may be transformed to gaseous N2 in reducing conditions and permanently removed from the system. Biogeochemical turnover of N is common at the reactive aquifer‐lake interface. Nutrient loads from LGD were compiled from the literature. Groundwater‐borne P loads vary from 0.74 to 2900 mg PO4‐P m−2 year−1; for N, these loads vary from 0.001 to 640 g m−2 year−1. Even small amounts of seepage can carry large nutrient loads due to often high nutrient concentrations in groundwater. Large spatial heterogeneity, uncertain areal extent of the interface and difficult accessibility make every determination of LGD a challenge. However, determinations of LGD are essential to effective lake management. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular dynamics simulation of configurational ensembles compatible with experimental FRET efficiency data through a restraint on instantaneous FRET efficiencies
Authors: Reif Maria M. , Oostenbrink Chris
Published: October 2014

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements are widely used to investigate (bio)molecular interactions or/and association. FRET efficiencies, the primary data obtained from this method, give, in combination with the common assumption of isotropic chromophore orientation, detailed insight into the lengthscale of molecular phenomena. This study illustrates the application of a FRET efficiency restraint during classical atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of a mutant mastoparan X peptide in either water or 7 M aqueous urea. The restraint forces acting on the donor and acceptor chromophores ensure that the sampled peptide configurational ensemble satisfies the experimental primary data by modifying interchromophore separation and chromophore transition dipole moment orientations. By means of a conformational cluster analysis, it is seen that indeed different configurational ensembles may be sampled without and with application of the restraint. In particular, while the FRET efficiency and interchromophore distances monitored in an unrestrained simulation may differ from the experimentally‐determined values, they can be brought in agreement with experimental data through usage of the FRET efficiency restraining potential. Furthermore, the present results suggest that the assumption of isotropic chromophore orientation is not always justified. The FRET efficiency restraint allows the generation of configurational ensembles that may not be accessible with unrestrained simulations, and thereby supports a meaningful interpretation of experimental FRET results in terms of the underlying molecular degrees of freedom. Thus, it offers an additional tool to connect the realms of computer and wet‐lab experimentation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of different calcium contents on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg‐5Al‐1Bi‐0.3Mn magnesium alloy
Authors: Xiao‐ping Luo , Su‐e Dang , Ya‐qing Zhang
Published: October 2014

The effect of different Ca contents on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg‐5Al‐1Bi‐0.3Mn (AMB501) magnesium alloys was investigated by conventional melting and casting technique using different Ca contents (1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 wt %). Increasing the Ca content resulted in higher hardness and yield strength, but decreased elongation. The improved tensile properties of the AM50‐1Bi‐xCa alloys were due to the changes in AMB501 alloy microstructure when the Ca content increased, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrum, and X‐ray diffractometer. The alloy microstructure indicated that the amount of β‐Mg17Al12 phase on grain boundaries decreased and the morphology of β‐Mg17Al12 phase on grain boundaries changed from quasicontinuous‐net shape to dispersed particles. The Mg17Al12 phase disappeared and a new secondary phase Al2Ca appeared after a 3.0 wt % Ca addition. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:65–69, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fixed point observation of etiology of acute liver failure according to the novel Japanese diagnostic criteria
Authors: Fujiwara Keiichi , Yasui Shin , Yonemitsu Yutaka , Arai Makoto , Kanda Tatsuo , Nakano Masayuki , Oda Shigeto , Yokosuka Osamu
Published: October 2014

Background

There has existed important differences in the definition of acute liver failure (ALF) between Japanese criteria and those of other countries. The novel diagnostic criteria for ALF in Japanese patients were established by the Intractable Hepato‐Biliary Diseases Study Group of Japan, in order to correspond to those for ALF in Europe and the USA. We prospectively diagnosed our ALF patients based on this novel criteria, and discussed the etiology by a fixed point observation.

Methods

We investigated the etiology of 54 adult inpatients and outpatients with ALF between 2010 and 2012.

Results

Of 54 patients, 36 were ALF without coma, 17 ALF with coma and one late onset hepatic failure. The etiology was due to viral infections in 38.9%, autoimmune hepatitis in 11.1%, drug‐induced liver injury in 13.0%, etiologies without hepatitis in 29.6% (circulatory disturbance in 18.5%, infiltration of the liver by malignant cells in 7.4%, and metabolic diseases in 3.7%) and indeterminate causes in 7.4%.

Conclusions

Circulatory disturbance was the most frequent etiology according to the novel criteria. Indeterminate etiology was less observed in our study than the nation‐wide survey with significance (P = 0.0014).
Is 3D technique superior to 2D in Down syndrome screening? Evaluation of six second and third trimester fetal profile markers
Authors: Vos F. I. , Bakker M. , de Jong‐Pleij E. A. P. , Ribbert L. S. M. , Tromp E. , Bilardo C. M.
Published: October 2014

Objective

The objective of this article is to investigate whether in the clinical setting of second trimester ultrasound (US) investigations, 3D multiplanar correction prior to the measurement of Down syndrome (DS) facial markers (nasal bone length, prenasal thickness, fetal profile line, maxilla‐nasion‐mandible angle, prenasal thickness to nasal bone length ratio, and prefrontal space ratio) is superior to subjective judgment of a correct midsagittal plane by 2D technique.

Methods

Measurements were performed on 2D images and 3D volumes (corrected to the midsagittal plane), acquired during the same scanning session.

Results

All six markers were measured in 105 datasets (75 of euploid fetuses and 30 of DS fetuses). The maxilla‐nasion‐mandible angle measured on 2D images was significantly larger than on 3D volumes (p < 0.01). In all other markers, there was no significant difference between measurements performed on 2D images or 3D volumes. No statistical difference was found for any marker between measurements performed on images acquired by either 2D or 3D US in their ability to discriminate between normal and DS fetuses.

Conclusions

Nasal bone length, prenasal thickness, fetal profile line, prenasal thickness to nasal bone length ratio, and prefrontal space ratio can be confidently used as DS markers in second trimester US examinations performed by 2D US. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iron complexes as photoinitiators for radical and cationic polymerization through photoredox catalysis processes
Authors: Zhang Jing , Campolo Damien , Dumur Frederic , Xiao Pu , Fouassier Jean Pierre , Gigmes Didier , Lalevée Jacques
Published: October 2014

Six iron complexes (FeCs) with various ligands have been designed and synthesized. In combination with additives (e.g., iodonium salt, N‐vinylcarbazole, amine, or chloro triazine), the FeC‐based systems are able to efficiently generate radicals, cations, and radical cations on a near UV or visible light‐emitting diode (LED) exposure. These systems are characterized by an unprecedented reactivity, that is, for very low content 0.02% FeC‐based systems is still highly efficient in photopolymerization contrary to the most famous reference systems (Bisacylphosphine oxide) illustrating the performance of the proposed catalytic approach. This work paves the way for polymerization in soft conditions (e.g., on LED irradiation). These FeC‐based systems exhibit photocatalytic properties, undergo the formation of radicals, radical cations, and cations and can operate through oxidation or/and reduction cycles. The photochemical mechanisms for the formation of the initiating species are studied using steady state photolysis, cyclic voltammetry, electron spin resonance spin trapping, and laser flash photolysis techniques. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 42–49
Measurement feedback disturbance decoupling in discrete‐event systems
Authors: Kaldmäe Arvo , Kotta Ülle , Shumsky Alexey , Zhirabok Alexey
Published: October 2014

The paper addresses the disturbance decoupling problem by dynamic measurement feedback for discrete event systems. The mathematical technique called the pair algebra of partitions is used. The paper gives sufficient solvability conditions and a procedure to compute the required feedback. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Left intraventricular dyssynchrony caused by a false tendon
Authors: Irie Tadanobu , Kurosawa Koji , Kaneko Yoshiaki , Nakajima Tadashi , Tateno Rieko , Kurabayashi Masahiko
Published: October 2014

Left ventricular (LV) false tendons are usually benign, intraventricular myocardial structures, which may cause functional malfunction or deformation of the LV cavity due to mechanical stretching and dilatation of the LV wall. We present a case of non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy complicated with intraventricular dyssynchrony that was caused by complete left bundle branch block and the mechanical pressure exerted by the stiff false tendon on the weakened mid‐septum during systole.
Who Responds? Voters, Parties and Issue Attention
Authors: Klüver Heike , Spoon Jae-Jae
Published: October 2014

Do parties listen to their voters? This article addresses this important question by moving beyond position congruence to explore whether parties respond to voters’ issue priorities. It argues that political parties respond to voters in their election manifestos, but that their responsiveness varies across different party types: namely, that large parties are more responsive to voters’ policy priorities, while government parties listen less to voters’ issue demands. The study also posits that niche parties are not generally more responsive to voter demands, but that they are more responsive to the concerns of their supporters in their owned issue areas. To test these theoretical expectations, the study combines data from the Comparative Manifestos Project with data on voters’ policy priorities from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems and various national election studies across eighteen European democracies in sixty-three elections from 1972–2011. Our findings have important implications for understanding political representation and democratic linkage.
Whole grains beyond fibre: what can metabolomics tell us about mechanisms?
Authors: Ross Alastair B.
Published: October 2014

Dietary fibre alone does not fully explain the frequent association between greater intake of whole grains and reduced risk of disease in observational studies, and other phytochemicals or food structure may also play an important role. For all the observational evidence for the benefits of a whole-grain-rich diet, we have only limited knowledge of the mechanisms behind this reduction in disease risk, aside from the action of specific cereal fibres on reduction of blood cholesterol and the post-prandial glucose peak. Nutritional metabolomics, the global measurement and interpretation of metabolic profiles, assesses the interaction of food with the endogenous gene–protein cascade and the gut microbiome. This approach allows the generation of new hypotheses which account for systemic effects, rather than just focusing on one or two mechanisms or metabolic pathways. To date, animal and human trials using metabolomics to investigate mechanistic changes to metabolism on eating whole grains and cereal fractions have led to new hypotheses around mechanistic effects of whole grains. These include the role of cereals as a major source of dietary glycine betaine, a possible effect on phospholipid synthesis or metabolism, the role of branched-chain amino acids and improvements in insulin sensitivity, and the possibility that whole grains may have an effect on protein metabolism. These hypotheses help explain some of the observed effects of whole grains, although mechanistic studies using stable isotopes and fully quantitative measures are required to confirm these potential mechanisms.
Creating “Masters of the Country” in Shanghai and Beijing: Discourse and the 1953–54 Local People's Congress Elections
Authors: Zhang Jishun
Published: October 2014

The first round of elections for local people's congresses was an important moment in the Chinese Communist Party's efforts to create an image of the common people as the “masters of the country.” Lower-class people were portrayed in official propaganda as “masters” who were also supporters of the Party. Yet, those “masters” nevertheless displayed diverse political attitudes that were influenced by different local political cultures, particularly in Beijing and Shanghai. The official propaganda promoting the “masters” was a Communist strategy to gain political legitimacy that ironically created the foundation for heterodox mass movements.
Implantation of the new Medtronic LINQ™ loop recorder in an infant with ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Hutchinson Lisa J. , Stuart Graham , Walsh Mark A.
Published: October 2014

The Medtronic LINQ™ was inserted in an 11-month-old boy for close monitoring of rapid ventricular tachycardia. The device is much smaller than the conventional Medtronic loop recorder. The real advantage of the LINQ™ is that it automatically notifies Carelink if any ventricular tachycardia is seen, which is very advantageous for this particular type of patient. This device is ideal for close monitoring of asymptomatic yet potentially dangerous arrhythmias in smaller children.
Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmitted Electron Backscatter Diffraction Examination of Asbestos Standard Reference Materials, Amphibole Particles of Differing Morphology, and Particle Phase Discrimination from Talc Ores
Authors: Bandli Bryan R. , Gunter Mickey E.
Published: October 2014

Since 1972, when the US Occupational Health and Safety Administration established the first limits on occupational exposure to asbestos fibers, numerous analytical methods employing several microscopy techniques have been developed to identify a group of minerals defined by legislation as asbestos. While transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is implemented in standardized analytical methods, these methods specify the use of selected area electron diffraction. Because of this constraint, the diffraction data a TEM can provide are often underutilized due to challenges associated with collecting and interpreting individual diffraction patterns. It has been shown that transmission electron backscatter diffraction (tEBSD) produces diffraction patterns nearly identical to electron backscatter diffraction, but from smaller crystal domains. This paper explores the utility of tEBSD for characterization of asbestiform particles from reference asbestos materials, a suite of amphibole minerals of varying morphologies to determine if there is a correlation between mineral habit (i.e., crystal form), microscopic particle shape preferred orientation, and mineral specimens from an industrial talc deposit to provide a case study of the utility and limitations of the technique.
The Tunguska event and Cheko lake origin: dendrochronological analysis
Authors: Rosanna Fantucci , Romano Serra , Gunther Kletetschka , Mario Di Martino
Published: October 2014

Dendrochronological research was carried out on 23 trees samples (Larix sibirica and Picea obovata) sampled during the 1999 expedition in two locations, close to the epicentre zone and near Cheko lake (N 60°57′, E 101°51′). Basal Area Increment (BAI) analysis has shown a general long growth suppression before 1908, the year of Tunguska event (TE), followed by a sudden growth increase due to diminished competition of trees that died due to the event. In one group of the trees, we detected growth decrease for several years (due to damage to the trunk, branches and crown), followed by growth increase during the following 4–14 years. We show that trees that germinated after the TE, and living in close proximity of Cheko lake (Cheko lake trees) had different behaviour patterns when compared to those trees living further from Cheko lake, inside the forest (Forest trees). Cheko lake trees have shown a vigorous continuous growth increase. Forest trees have shown a vigorous growth during the first 10–30 years of age, followed by a period of suppressed growth. We interpret the suppressed growth by the re-established competition with the surroundings trees. Cheko lake pattern, however, is consistent with the formation of the lake at the time of TE. This observation supports the hypothesis that Cheko lake formation is due to a fragment originating during TE, creating a small impact crater into the permafrost and soft alluvial deposits of Kimku River plain. This is further supported by the fact that Cheko lake has an elliptical shape elongated towards the epicentre of TE.
Tissue plasminogen activator as a novel diagnostic aid in acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Flores Julio , García-Avello Ángel , Alonso Esther , Ruíz Antonio , Navarrete Olga , Álvarez Concepción , Lozano Cristina , Arribas Ignacio
Published: October 2014

Background: We evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared it with an ELISA D-dimer (VIDAS D-dimer) in acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Patients and methods: We studied 127 consecutive outpatients with clinically suspected PE. The diagnosis of PE was based on a clinical probability pretest for PE and a strict protocol of imaging studies. A plasma sample to measure the levels of tPA and D-dimer was obtained at enrollment. Diagnostic accuracy for tPA and D-dimer was determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and the diagnostic utility of tPA with a cutoff of 8.5 ng/mL and D-dimer with a cutoff of 500 ng/mL, were calculated for PE diagnosis. Results: PE was confirmed in 41 patients (32 %). Areas under ROC curves were 0.86 for D-dimer and 0.71 for tPA. The sensitivity/negative predictive value for D-dimer using a cutoff of 500 ng/mL, and tPA using a cutoff of 8.5 ng/mL, were 95 % (95 % CI, 88–100 %)/95 % (95 % CI, 88–100 %) and 95 % (95 % CI, 88–100 %)/94 %), respectively. The diagnostic utility to exclude PE was 28.3 % (95 % CI, 21–37 %) for D-dimer and 24.4 % (95 % CI, 17–33 %) for tPA. Conclusions: The tPA with a cutoff of 8.5 ng/mL has a high sensitivity and negative predictive value for exclusion of PE, similar to those observed for the VIDAS D-dimer with a cutoff of 500 ng/mL, although the diagnostic utility was slightly higher for the D-dimer.
Funktionen des autobiographischen Gedächtnisses bei jungen und älteren Erwachsenen
Authors: Wolf Tabea , Zimprich Daniel
Published: October 2014

In der neueren Forschung werden drei Funktionen des autobiographischen Gedächtnisses unterschieden: Autobiographische Erinnerungen können ein Gefühl von Selbst-Kontinuität unterstützen, aktuelles oder zukünftiges Handeln leiten (direktiv) und soziale Interaktionen erleichtern. Bislang gibt es kaum Untersuchungen, in denen die Nutzung dieser Funktionen über verschiedene Altersgruppen hinweg betrachtet wird. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden 227 junge und 185 ältere Erwachsene mit dem Thinking About Life Experiences Questionnaire (TALE) befragt, mit dem sich die drei Funktionen des autobiographischen Gedächtnisses situationsübergreifend erfassen lassen. Aus entwicklungstheoretischer Sicht ist anzunehmen, dass im jungen Erwachsenenalter die Selbst- und die direktive Funktion häufiger genutzt werden, da in dieser Lebensphase das eigene Selbstbild gefestigt und Pläne für die Zukunft gemacht werden. Für die soziale Funktion werden keine Unterschiede erwartet. In Übereinstimmung mit den theoretischen Annahmen und bisherigen Befunden gaben die jungen Erwachsenen an, die Selbst- und die direktive Funktion häufiger zu nutzen als ältere Teilnehmer das taten. Dasselbe Ergebnis zeigte sich aber auch für die soziale Funktion.
SIRT1 and SIRT2 inhibition impairs pediatric soft tissue sarcoma growth
Authors: Ma L , Maruwge W , Strambi A , D'Arcy P , Pellegrini P , Kis L , de Milito A , Lain S , Brodin B
Published: October 2014

Sirtuins are NAD+ dependent deacetylases and/or ADP-ribosyl transferases active on histone and non-histone substrates. The first sirtuin was discovered as a transcriptional repressor of the mating-type-loci (Silent Information Regulator sir2) in the budding yeast, where it was shown to extend yeast lifespan. Seven mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1-7) have been now identified with distinct subcellular localization, enzymatic activities and substrates. These enzymes regulate cellular processes such as metabolism, cell survival, differentiation, DNA repair and they are implicated in the pathogenesis of solid tumors and leukemias. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of sirtuin expression, activity and inhibition in the survival of pediatric sarcoma cell lines.We have analyzed the expression of SIRT1 and SIRT2 in a series of pediatric sarcoma tumor cell lines and normal cells, and we have evaluated the activity of the sirtuin inhibitor and p53 activator tenovin-6 (Tv6) in synovial sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. We show that SIRT1 is overexpressed in synovial sarcoma biopsies and cell lines in comparison with normal mesenchymal cells. Tv6 induced apoptosis as well as impaired autophagy flux. Using siRNA to knock down SIRT1 and SIRT2, we show that the expression of both proteins is crucial for the survival of rhabdomyosarcoma cells and that the loss of SIRT1 expression results in a decreased LC3II expression. Our results show that SIRT1 and SIRT2 expressions are crucial for the survival of synovial sarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas, and demonstrate that the pharmacological inhibition of sirtuins impairs the autophagy process and induces tumor cell death.
JNK–NQO1 axis drives TAp73-mediated tumor suppression upon oxidative and proteasomal stress
Authors: Kostecka A , Sznarkowska A , Meller K , Acedo P , Shi Y , Mohammad Sakil H A , Kawiak A , Lion M , Królicka A , Wilhelm M , Inga A , Zawacka-Pankau J
Published: October 2014

Hyperproliferating cancer cells produce energy mainly from aerobic glycolysis, which results in elevated ROS levels. Thus aggressive tumors often possess enhanced anti-oxidant capacity that impedes many current anti-cancer therapies. Additionally, in ROS-compromised cancer cells ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is often deregulated for timely removal of oxidized proteins, thus enabling cell survival. Taken that UPS maintains the turnover of factors controlling cell cycle and apoptosis – such as p53 or p73, it represents a promising target for pharmaceutical intervention. Enhancing oxidative insult in already ROS-compromised cancer cells appears as an attractive anti-tumor scenario. TAp73 is a bona fide tumor suppressor that drives the chemosensitivity of some cancers to cisplatin or γ-radiation. It is an important drug target in tumors where p53 is lost or mutated. Here we discovered a novel synergistic mechanism leading to potent p73 activation and cancer cell death by oxidative stress and inhibition of 20S proteasomes. Using a small-molecule inhibitor of 20S proteasome and ROS-inducer – withaferin A (WA), we found that WA-induced ROS activates JNK kinase and stabilizes phase II anti-oxidant response effector NF-E2-related transcription factor (NRF2). This results in activation of Nrf2 target – NQO1 (NADPH quinone oxidoreductase), and TAp73 protein stabilization. The observed effect was ablated by the ROS scavenger – NAC. Concurrently, stress-activated JNK phosphorylates TAp73 at multiple serine and threonine residues, which is crucial to ablate TAp73/MDM2 complex and to promote TAp73 transcriptional function and induction of robust apoptosis. Taken together our data demonstrate that ROS insult in combination with the inhibition of 20S proteasome and TAp73 activation endows synthetic lethality in cancer cells. Thus, our results may enable the establishment of a novel pharmacological strategy to exploit the enhanced sensitivity of tumors to elevated ROS and proteasomal stress to kill advanced tumors by pharmacological activation of TAp73 using molecules like WA.
Latexin sensitizes leukemogenic cells to gamma-irradiation-induced cell-cycle arrest and cell death through Rps3 pathway
Authors: You Y , Wen R , Pathak R , Li A , Li W , St Clair D , Hauer-Jensen M , Zhou D , Liang Y
Published: October 2014

Leukemia is a leading cause of cancer death. Recently, the latexin (Lxn) gene was identified as a potential tumor suppressor in several types of solid tumors and lymphoma, and Lxn expression was found to be absent or downregulated in leukemic cells. Whether Lxn functions as a tumor suppressor in leukemia and what molecular and cellular mechanisms are involved are unknown. In this study, the myeloid leukemogenic FDC-P1 cell line was used as a model system and Lxn was ectopically expressed in these cells. Using the protein pull-down assay and mass spectrometry, ribosomal protein subunit 3 (Rps3) was identified as a novel Lxn binding protein. Ectopic expression of Lxn inhibited FDC-P1 growth in vitro. More surprisingly, Lxn enhanced gamma irradiation-induced DNA damages and induced cell-cycle arrest and massive necrosis, leading to depletion of FDC-P1 cells. Mechanistically, Lxn inhibited the nuclear translocation of Rps3 upon radiation, resulting in abnormal mitotic spindle formation and chromosome instability. Rps3 knockdown increased the radiation sensitivity of FDC-P1, confirming that the mechanism of action of Lxn is mediated by Rps3 pathway. Moreover, Lxn enhanced the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agent, VP-16, on FDC-P1 cells. Our study suggests that Lxn itself not only suppresses leukemic cell growth but also potentiates the cytotoxic effect of radio- and chemotherapy on cancer cells. Lxn could be a novel molecular target that improves the efficacy of anti-cancer therapy.
Identification of the role of a MAP kinase Tmk2 in Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei)
Authors: Wang Mingyu , Dong Yanmei , Zhao Qiushuang , Wang Fangzhong , Liu Kuimei , Jiang Baojie , Fang Xu
Published: October 2014

Despite the important role of MAPKs in signal transduction, their functions in the cellulase hyper-producing filamentous fungus Hypocrea jecorina haven't been studied except for the Hog1-like Tmk3. In this work, we constructed and explored the features of H. jecorina Δtmk2 to identify the role of this Slt2-homologous Tmk2. It is suggested from the results that Tmk2 is involved in cell wall integrity, sporulation and cellulase production. Although bearing similar roles in cell wall integrity maintenance, Tmk2 and Tmk3 appear to also have distinct functions: Tmk3 participates in high osmolarity resistance while Tmk2 does not; Tmk2 participates in sporulation but not Tmk3; Tmk3 is involved in promoting cellulase production while Tmk2 is involved in repressing cellulase formation. These studies provide the first insight into the function of Tmk2 in H. jecorina and contribute to understanding the signal transduction processes leading to the regulation of cellulase production in this important cellulase hyper-producer.
Printing silicone-based hydrophobic barriers on paper for microfluidic assays using low-cost ink jet printers
Authors: Rajendra Vinodh , Sicard Clémence , Brennan John D. , Brook Michael A.
Published: October 2014

Inkjet printed silicone resins provide hydrophobic barriers for paper-based microfluidic assays.
Direct photo-hydroxylation of the Zr-based framework UiO-66
Authors: Aguilera-Sigalat Jordi , Fox-Charles Alyssa , Bradshaw Darren
Published: October 2014

We describe the direct post-synthetic hydroxylation of UiO-66 through the photogeneration of hydroxyl radicals.
Recent advances in asymmetric organocatalysis mediated by bifunctional amine–thioureas bearing multiple hydrogen-bonding donors
Authors: Fang Xin , Wang Chun-Jiang
Published: October 2014

Recent progress in asymmetric organocatalysis, focusing on fine-tunable amine–thiourea catalysis, is described. Design of novel bifunctional amine–thiourea organocatalysts bearing multiple hydrogen-bonding donors and their applications in asymmetric C–C, C–N, and C–S bond-forming reactions under mild conditions are discussed.
Synthesis of nickel hydroxychloride microspheres via a facile template-free process and their conversion to β-Ni(OH)2 microspheres
Authors: He Kay , Zhao Gaoling , Han Gaorong
Published: October 2014

Hierarchical flower-like nickel hydroxychloride microspheres were prepared by forced hydrolysis reaction of nickel chloride hexahydrate in ethanol via a facile template-free solvothermal process.
The protonated and sodiated dimers of proline studied by IRMPD spectroscopy in the N–H and O–H stretching region and computational methods
Authors: Alahmadi Yasaman Jami , Gholami Ameneh , Fridgen Travis D.
Published: October 2014

Determination of the zwitterionic or canonical structure of proline in protonated and sodiated proline dimers.
Extraordinary role of Hg in enhancing the thermoelectric performance of p-type SnTe
Authors: Tan Gangjian , Shi Fengyuan , Doak Jeff W. , Sun Hui , Zhao Li-Dong , Wang Pengli , Uher Ctirad , Wolverton Chris , Dravid Vinayak P. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: October 2014

Increased band degeneracyviaHg doping in SnTe boosts both the maximum and averageZT.
Real-time dual-loop electric current measurement for label-free nanofluidic preconcentration chip
Authors: Chung Pei-Shan , Fan Yu-Jui , Sheen Horn-Jiunn , Tian Wei-Cheng
Published: October 2014

A label-free approach to preconcentrating (bio)molecules and monitoring the multibehavior molecular plug through real-time dual-loop electric current monitoring.
PLS/OPLS models in metabolomics: the impact of permutation of dataset rows on the K-fold cross-validation quality parameters
Authors: Triba Mohamed N. , Le Moyec Laurence , Amathieu Roland , Goossens Corentine , Bouchemal Nadia , Nahon Pierre , Rutledge Douglas N. , Savarin Philippe
Published: October 2014

In some cases, quality parameter values (the number of significant components,Q2, CV-ANOVAp-value,…) of PLS/OPLS models calculated with K-fold cross-validation can be strongly determined by the composition of the different validation subsets.
Elucidating the interaction of limonene with bovine serum albumin: a multi-technique approach
Authors: Chaturvedi Sumit Kumar , Ahmad Ejaz , Khan Javed Masood , Alam Parvez , Ishtikhar Mohd , Khan Rizwan Hasan
Published: October 2014

Mechanistic insight into the BSA–limonene interaction: biophysical and molecular docking approach.
Identification of miR-145 targets through an integrated omics analysis
Authors: Huang Tai-Chung , Renuse Santosh , Pinto Sneha , Kumar Praveen , Yang Yi , Chaerkady Raghothama , Godsey Brian , Mendell Joshua T. , Halushka Marc K. , Civin Curt I. , Marchionni Luigi , Pandey Akhilesh
Published: October 2014

The integration of transcriptomics and proteomics analysis identifies novel targets of a tumor suppressor miRNA, miR-145, in pancreatic cancer.
X-Ray fluorescence imaging and other analyses identify selenium and GPX1 as important in female reproductive function
Authors: Ceko M. J. , Hummitzsch K. , Hatzirodos N. , Bonner W. M. , Aitken J. B. , Russell D. L. , Lane M. , Rodgers R. J. , Harris H. H.
Published: October 2014

Using XRF imaging as a path-finding experiment, we mapped the distribution of trace elements in sections of bovine ovaries; the first study of its kind in mammalian ovaries.
Amphiphilic/fluorous random copolymers as a new class of non-cytotoxic polymeric materials for protein conjugation
Authors: Koda Yuta , Terashima Takaya , Sawamoto Mitsuo , Maynard Heather D.
Published: October 2014

Amphiphilic/fluorous random copolymers bearing poly(ethylene glycol) chains and perfluorinated alkane pendants were developed as novel non-cytotoxic polymeric materials for protein conjugation.
Nanostructured microporous polymer composite imprinted with superhydrophobic camphor soot, for emphatic oil–water separation
Authors: Mishra Paridhi , Balasubramanian K.
Published: October 2014

The pollution of water devastatingly affects the marine environment by physical smothering and intoxication.
Advantageous asymmetric ketone reduction with a competitive hydrogenation/transfer hydrogenation system using chiral bifunctional iridium catalysts
Authors: Moritani Junki , Kayaki Yoshihito , Ikariya Takao
Published: October 2014

Asymmetric ketone hydrogenation with bifunctional amidoiridium complexes in methanol or ethanol proceeds competitively with asymmetric transfer hydrogenation, in which the pressurised hydrogen can suppress involuntary racemisation of the product.
Morphology evolution and impurity analysis of LiFePO4 nanoparticles via a solvothermal synthesis process
Authors: Huang Xiankun , He Xiangming , Jiang Changyin , Tian Guangyu
Published: October 2014

LiFePO4 crystal orientation varies from (100) to (010) due to different species covering with pH increase during solvothermal synthesis.
Spontaneous assembly and synchronous scan spectra of gold nanoparticle monolayer Janus film with thiol-terminated polystyrene
Authors: Li Yunbo , Song Linlin , Qiao Yisha
Published: October 2014

This communication presents a facile method for preparing ordered hydrophilic metal nanoparticles into gold nanoparticle monolayer Janus film. It also reveals the enhanced light source spectrum properties of the gold nanoparticle film.
Silicon nanowires prepared by metal induced etching (MIE): good field emitters
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Saxena Shailendra K. , Kaushik Vishakha , Saxena Kapil , Shukla A. K. , Kumar Rajesh
Published: October 2014

Efficient field emission from silicon nanowires prepared using metal induced etching.
10-Camphorsulfonic acid ((±)-CSA) catalyzed facile one-pot synthesis of a new class of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles
Authors: Mule Siva Nagi Reddy , Battula Sailaja Kumari , Velupula Ganapathi , Guda Dinneswara Reddy , Bollikolla Hari Babu
Published: October 2014

A convenient, and efficient one-pot synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadizoles is described.
Amphiphile catalysed selective synthesis of 4-amino alkylated-1H-pyrazol-5-ol via Mannich aromatization preferred to the Knoevenagel–Michael type reaction in water
Authors: Kumar Atul , Maurya Shivam , Gupta Maneesh Kumar , Shukla Ratnakar Dutt
Published: October 2014

An economic and efficient amphiphile (SDS) catalysed one pot synthesis of aromatized 4-amino alkylated-1H-pyrazol-5-ol via a Mannich aromatization preffered to the Knoevenagel–Michael type reaction in water has been developed.
Effects of Fe doping on the strain and optical properties of GaN epilayers grown on sapphire substrates
Authors: Zheng C. C. , Ning J. Q. , Wu Z. P. , Wang J. F. , Zhao D. G. , Xu K. , Gao J. , Xu S. J.
Published: October 2014

The effects of Fe doping on a series of Fe-doped GaN epilayers with different doping concentrations grown on sapphire substrates were investigated in detail by confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy under the back-scattering geometric configuration.
Efficient preparation of magnetic quantum dot barcodes
Authors: Wang Gang , Leng Yuankui , Guo Heze , Song Sheng , Jiang Zequan , Yuan Xiangliang , Wang Xiebing , Sun Kang , Sun Kun , Dou Hongjing
Published: October 2014

This communication provides an efficient membrane emulsification–solvent evaporation approach for the preparation of magnetic quantum dot barcodes for ultrasensitive and quantitative bioassays.
Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP modulates regulatory T-cell-mediated immunosuppression
Authors: Almahariq Muayad , Mei Fang C. , Wang Hui , Cao Anthony T. , Yao Suxia , Soong Lynn , Sun Jiaren , Cong Yingzi , Chen Ju , Cheng Xiaodong
Published: October 2014

The cAMP signalling pathway plays an essential role in immune functions. In the present study we examined the role of the cAMP/EPAC1 (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP) axis in regulatory T-cell (Treg)-mediated immunosuppression using genetic and pharmacological approaches. Genetic deletion of EPAC1 in Tregs and effector T-cells (Teffs) synergistically attenuated Treg-mediated suppression of Teffs. Mechanistically, EPAC1 inhibition enhanced activation of the transcription factor STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and up-regulated SMAD7 expression while down-regulating expression of SMAD4. Consequently, CD4+ T-cells were desensitized to transforming growth factor (TGF) β1, a cytokine employed by Tregs to exert a broad inhibitory function within the immune system. Furthermore, deletion of EPAC1 led to production of significant levels of ovalbumin IgG antibodies in a low-dose, oral-tolerance mouse model. These in vivo observations are consistent with the finding that EPAC1 plays an important role in Treg-mediated suppression. More importantly, pharmacological inhibition of EPAC1 using an EPAC-specific inhibitor recapitulates the EPAC1 deletion phenotype both in vivo and in vitro. The results of the present study show that EPAC1 boosts Treg-mediated suppression, and identifies EPAC1 as a target with broad therapeutic potential because Tregs are involved in numerous pathologies, including autoimmunity, infections and a wide range of cancers.
Nonword Repetition in Children With Cochlear Implants: A Potential Clinical Marker of Poor Language Acquisition
Authors: Nittrouer Susan , Caldwell-Tarr Amanda , Sansom Emily , Twersky Jill , Lowenstein Joanna H.
Published: October 2014

Purpose

Cochlear implants (CIs) can facilitate the acquisition of spoken language for deaf children, but challenges remain. Language skills dependent on phonological sensitivity are most at risk for these children, so having an effective way to diagnose problems at this level would be of value for school speech-language pathologists. The goal of this study was to assess whether a nonword repetition (NWR) task could serve that purpose.

Method

Participants were 104 second graders: 49 with normal hearing (NH) and 55 with CIs. In addition to NWR, children were tested on 10 measures involving phonological awareness and processing, serial recall of words, vocabulary, reading, and grammar.

Results

Children with CIs performed more poorly than children with NH on NWR, and sensitivity to phonological structure alone explained that performance for children in both groups. For children with CIs, 2 audiological factors positively influenced outcomes on NWR: being identified with hearing loss at a younger age and having experience with wearing a hearing aid on the unimplanted ear at the time of receiving a 1st CI. NWR scores were better able to rule out than to rule in such language deficits.

Conclusions

Well-designed NWR tasks could have clinical utility in assessments of language acquisition for school-age children with CIs.
A Longitudinal Study of Area-Level Deprivation in Ireland, 1991–2011
Authors: Pratschke Jonathan , Haase Trutz
Published: October 2014

The diffusion of deprivation indices and their application in a wide variety of contexts raises a number of conceptual and methodological issues, particularly in relation to the analysis of change over time. We seek to address these issues by developing an aggregate-level theoretical approach which can guide the construction of a statistical model for enumeration districts in Ireland using five waves of census data (1991, 1996, 2002, 2006, 2011). We use a powerful and flexible family of statistical models—multiple-group mean and covariance structural equation modelling—to obtain comparable estimates of affluence and deprivation for each wave of data. The scores for the three component dimensions—referred to as demographic vitality, social class composition, and labour market situation—are mapped using GIS techniques, together with an overall measure of affluence and deprivation. Using the maps and other results we provide an original discussion of the sociospatial impacts of the economic boom in Ireland between 1996 and 2006, and the subsequent downturn. We highlight the importance of population flows and housing-market dynamics in understanding the nature of each phase and when evaluating the sustainability of economic growth.