bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UO-YOLO: Ureteral Orifice Detection Network Based on YOLO and Biformer Attention Mechanism
Authors: Liang Li , Yuanjun Wang
Published: June 2024

Background and Purpose: In urological surgery, accurate localization of the ureteral orifice is crucial for procedures such as ureteral stent insertion, assessment of ureteral orifice lesions, and prostate tumor resection. Consequently, we have developed and validated a computer-assisted ureteral orifice detection system that combines the YOLO deep convolutional neural network and the attention mechanism. Data: The cases were partitioned into a training set and a validation set at a 4:1 ratio, with 84 cases comprising 820 images in the training set and 20 cases containing 223 images in the validation set. Method: We improved the YOLO network structure to accomplish the detection task. Based on the one-stage strategy, we replaced the backbone of YOLOv5 with a structure composed of ConvNeXt blocks. Additionally, we introduced GRN (Global Response Normalization) modules and SE blocks into the blocks to enhance deep feature diversity. In the feature enhancement section, we incorporated the BiFormer attention structure, which provides long-distance context dependencies without adding excessive computational costs. Finally, we improved the prediction box loss function to WIoU (Wise-IoU), enhancing the accuracy of the prediction boxes. Results: Testing on 223 cystoscopy images demonstrated a precision of 0.928 and recall of 0.756 for our proposed ureteral orifice detection network. With an overlap threshold of 0.5, the mAP of our proposed image detection system reached 0.896. The entire model achieved a single-frame detection speed of 5.7 ms on the platform, with a frame rate of 175FPS. Conclusion: We have enhanced a deep learning framework based on the one-stage YOLO strategy, suitable for real-time detection of the ureteral orifice in endoscopic scenarios. The system simultaneously maintains high accuracy and good real-time performance. This method holds substantial potential as an excellent learning and feedback system for trainees and new urologists in clinical settings.
Proposal of a Transport Planning Model for the Removal of Quarry Stone Using a Simulation
Authors: Saderova Janka , Ambrisko Lubomir , Marasova Daniela , Muchova Patricia
Published: June 2024

This article describes a transport planning model which applies a simulation to support decision-making in quarry operations. The analysis of the transport system was used as input for creating the model and the subsequent research. There are five loading points in the quarry from which, according to the plan, the quarry stone is transported to the crusher, where it proceeds for further processing. The required daily capacity of the downstream technological line is 3800 t/day. Based on the analysis, it was found that it was impossible to fulfill this requirement from the two loading points which were the furthest from the unloading point. For this reason, two simulation models of the transport system were created. The first simulation model is a transport system (loading, removal and dumping of quarry stone) from one loading point. Simulation experiments were performed on this model for all loading points. The findings from the analysis confirmed the results of the simulation experiments. Subsequently, a model of the combined quarry stone removal from two loading points was proposed. The model was designed for two variants of dividing the work shift into two work sections. In the model, which had a tabular form, the combinations of loading points and values of the minimum number of unloaded cars for stone removal were suitable to ensure its necessary daily capacity. The last part of this research was expanding the original model with an additional loading point. Several experiments were performed on this model. The aim of these experiments was to verify the combinations of loading points presented in the proposed model and the combinations of unsatisfactory loading points. Based on the research results, the transport planning model and simulation models are suitable additional tools for the decision-making process in removing quarry stone.
A Review of Characterization Techniques for Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles and the Magnetic Sensing Perspective
Authors: Barmpatza Alexandra C. , Baklezos Anargyros T. , Vardiambasis Ioannis O. , Nikolopoulos Christos D.
Published: June 2024

This article sums up and compares the most important techniques for magnetic sensing of ferromagnetic nanoparticles. In addition, the most well-known magnetic sensing instruments are presented, while the advantages and disadvantages of each instrument category are summarized. Finally, a measurement system based on fluxgate magnetometers is proposed for the magnetic characterization of a cobalt-based material applicable in the catalysis process. The authors conclude that this arrangement can provide ferromagnetic material sensing with the most advantages for this catalysis application. Indeed, as nanoparticle materials can be used in many applications, like catalysis, their properties and the phase of the catalyst should be known at any time. Moreover, as the industrial processes operate at a rapid pace, the need for simple, fast, and low-cost measurement systems that will also enable in vivo material characterization is rising. Consequently, this article aims to propose the best candidate magnetic sensing method as well as the best candidate instrument for every application based on the advantages and disadvantages of each sensor.
Holistic Workload Quantification within a Professional Soccer Microcycle Considering Players’ Match Participation
Authors: dos Santos Guimarães Rodrigo , García-Calvo Tomás , Lobo-Triviño David , Ponce-Bordón José C. , Raya-González Javier
Published: June 2024

This study analyzed workload variations (internal, external, and mental) in training sessions based on soccer players’ match participation. Thirty-six professional Brazilian players from a single team were categorized into three groups: starter (G1), non-starter (G2) and non-participant (G3) players. Monitoring during sessions involved assessing internal load via perceived exertion, mental load through affective, emotional, and motivational factors, and external load using Global Positioning System devices. On MD+2, starter players exhibited significantly lower values in all categories compared to non-starters (p < 0.001) and non-participants (p < 0.001), while on MD, they displayed the highest values. MD-4 and MD-3 showed no cognitive or emotional load differences; however, variations were observed in RPE, motivation, mental fatigue, and physical metrics. Notably, starters’ lowest values occurred on MD-2 and MD-1. Findings emphasize the need to manage starter players’ load, implementing recovery strategies for optimal performance. Additionally, tailored tasks should be provided for non-starter and non-participant players to compensate for non-performed efforts during match downtime. This study underscores the significance of an individualized training approach based on players’ match participation, contributing valuable insights for optimizing performance and recovery strategies.
A Preliminary Study on How Combining Internal and External Focus of Attention in a Movement Language Can Improve Movement Patterns
Authors: Alderete Suzanne , Jeon Woohyoung , Abraham Lawrence
Published: June 2024

Background: Movement feedback is used to promote anatomically correct movement patterns. Two primary forms of movement feedback exist: verbal cues and visual cues. There is ongoing debate regarding which type of feedback yields superior effects for learning desired movements. This study investigated how a combination of visual and verbal cues improved shoulder stability in four arm movements, Biceps Curls, Reverse Flys, Rowing, and Shoulder Extensions. Methods: Twelve participants were allocated to three different conditions and instructed to perform four different arm movements: Condition 1 (no specific instructions), Condition 2 (image only), and Condition 3 (verbal cues and image). Measurements of acromioclavicular (AC) joint displacement, and electromyography (EMG) peak and burst duration were taken for each arm movement within each condition. Results: Condition 3 exhibited a significant reduction in AC displacement and prolonged EMG burst duration. Variations in EMG peak and burst duration across different arm movements were attributed to anticipated muscle activation specific to each movement. Conclusions: The combination of visual and verbal cues through the “reConnect Your Dots” movement language was found to improve scapular stabilization and associated muscle activation. This approach to movement patterns practice holds promise for injury rehabilitation and risk mitigation for future occurrences.
Prediction of Students’ Adaptability Using Explainable AI in Educational Machine Learning Models
Authors: Nnadi Leonard Chukwualuka , Watanobe Yutaka , Rahman Md. Mostafizer , John-Otumu Adetokunbo Macgregor
Published: June 2024

As the educational landscape evolves, understanding and fostering student adaptability has become increasingly critical. This study presents a comparative analysis of XAI techniques to interpret machine learning models aimed at classifying student adaptability levels. Leveraging a robust dataset of 1205 instances, we employed several machine learning algorithms with a particular focus on Random Forest, which demonstrated highest accuracy at 91%. The models’ precision, recall and F1-score were also evaluated, with Random Forest achieving a precision of 0.93, a recall of 0.94, and an F1-score of 0.94. Our study utilizes SHAP, LIME, Anchors, ALE, and Counterfactual explanations to reveal the specific contributions of various features impacting adaptability predictions. SHAP values highlighted ‘Class Duration’ significance (mean SHAP value: 0.175); LIME explained socio-economic and institutional factors’ intricate influence. Anchors provided high-confidence rule-based explanations (confidence: 97.32%), emphasizing demographic characteristics. ALE analysis underscored the importance of ‘Financial Condition’ with a positive slope, while Counterfactual scenarios highlighted the impact of slight feature variations of 0.5 change in ‘Class Duration’. Consistently, ‘Class Duration’ and ‘Financial Condition’ emerge as key factors, while the study also underscores the subtle effects of ‘Institution Type’ and ‘Load-shedding’. This multi-faceted interpretability approach bridges the gap between machine learning performance and educational relevance, presenting a model that not only predicts but also explains the dynamic factors influencing student adaptability. The synthesized insights advocate for educational policies accommodating socioeconomic factors, instructional time, and infrastructure stability to enhance student adaptability. The implications extend to informed and personalized educational interventions, fostering an adaptable learning environment. This methodical research contributes to responsible AI application in education, promoting predictive and interpretable models for equitable and effective educational strategies.
Multi-Modal Emotion Recognition for Online Education Using Emoji Prompts
Authors: Qin Xingguo , Zhou Ya , Li Jun
Published: June 2024

Online education review data have strong statistical and predictive power but lack efficient and accurate analysis methods. In this paper, we propose a multi-modal emotion analysis method to analyze the online education of college students based on educational data. Specifically, we design a multi-modal emotion analysis method that combines text and emoji data, using pre-training emotional prompt learning to enhance the sentiment polarity. We also analyze whether this fusion model reflects the true emotional polarity. The conducted experiments show that our multi-modal emotion analysis method achieves good performance on several datasets, and multi-modal emotional prompt methods can more accurately reflect emotional expressions in online education data.
Recent Proteomics, Metabolomics and Lipidomics Approaches in Meat Safety, Processing and Quality Analysis
Authors: Sidira Marianthi , Smaoui Slim , Varzakas Theodoros
Published: June 2024

With a view to understand and resolve the complexity of the food matrix, omic technologies alone or in combination are extensively employed. In this sense, the newest developments and advances of proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics with their unique benefits could simplify and help to understand the link between physiological and pathological activities in biology, physiology, pathology and food science and processing. This review aims to briefly introduce the basis of proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics, then expansively review their impact on the assessment of meat quality and safety. Here, also, we discuss the application of proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics for the authentication and adulteration of meat and meat derivatives from different sources and provide some perspectives regarding the use of emerging techniques such as rapid mass spectrometry (MS) and non-invasive measurements for the analysis of meat quality and safety. This paper summarizes all significant investigations into these matters and underlines the advances in analytical chemistry technologies and meat science areas. By emphasizing the requirement for additional examinations, this paper attempts a comprehensive knowledge of “foodomics” and the potential to improve its employment in meat science.
How May Building Morphology Influence Pedestrians’ Exposure to PM2.5?
Authors: Karale Yogita , Yuan May
Published: June 2024

Due to their sparse distribution and placement in open areas, fixed air-quality-monitoring stations fail to characterize the effect of contextual factors such as buildings on the dispersion of PM2.5. This study evaluated the effects of building morphology on PM2.5 dispersion in a pedestrian-friendly area on the University of Texas at Dallas campus, spanning approximately 0.5 km2. The study collected PM2.5 data along five distinct paths exhibiting varying building morphological characteristics in terms of size, height, density, and spacing at a high spatial resolution. The interquartile range of PM2.5 levels across nine data-collection runs varied from 0.3 µg/m3 to 1.7 µg/m3, indicating relatively uniform PM2.5 levels within the study area. Furthermore, weather-related variables played a dominant role in PM2.5 distribution as temporal variation over-powered spatial variation in the PM2.5 data. The study employed a fixed-effects model to assess the effect of time-invariant morphological characteristics of buildings on PM2.5 and found that the buildings’ morphological characteristics explained 33.22% variation in the fixed effects in the model. Furthermore, openness in the direction of wind elevated the PM2.5 concentration.
A Spatial Study on the Impact of Habitat Quality on Geological Disaster Susceptibility: A Case Study in Pingshan County, China
Authors: Zhang Miao , Zhou Aihong , Cao Siyuan , Yuan Ying
Published: June 2024

Habitat quality is a comprehensive index reflecting ecological conditions, land use impact, and human survival. Susceptibility to geological disasters is influenced by factors such as ecology, the geological environment, and human activities. Analyzing the effects of habitat quality on geological disaster susceptibility and its spatial dynamics is crucial for ecological protection and assessing geological disaster risks. This research focused on Pingshan County, using the InVEST 3.7.0 model and ArcGIS to evaluate habitat quality and geological disaster susceptibility for 2020. The spatial relationships were examined with GeoDa to investigate the impact of habitat quality on geological disaster susceptibility. The findings are as follows: (1) Pingshan County generally exhibits high habitat quality, showing significant spatial clustering with geological disaster susceptibility—predominantly high–high in the west and low–low in the east. (2) The geological environment significantly influences the relationship between habitat quality and geological disaster susceptibility, with an overall positive correlation but negative correlations in certain areas. Geological disaster susceptibility is primarily governed by geological factors rather than habitat quality. (3) In mountainous regions with comparable ecological and geological conditions, variations in geological disaster susceptibility are chiefly driven by human activities. Including human activities as a metric significantly enhances the evaluation accuracy. This study provides a scientific foundation for ecological protection, the assessment of geological disaster susceptibility, and the development of mitigation policies.
Marine Diesel Engine Fault Detection Based on Xilinx ZYNQ SoC
Authors: Wu Hangjie , Jiang Ruizheng , Wu Xiaoyu , Chen Xiuyu , Liu Tai
Published: June 2024

Marine diesel engines are the preferred power equipment for ships and are the most important component among the numerous electromechanical devices on board. Accidents involving these engines can potentially cause immeasurable damage to the vessel, making fault detection in marine diesel engines crucial. This design enables the detection and reporting of faults in marine diesel engines at the earliest possible time through the computation of convolutional neural networks, which is of great significance for ensuring the safe navigation of ships. For this functionality, the Xilinx ZYNQ-7000 XC7Z010 is selected as the main control chip, and the LoRa wireless network is used as the transmission module. The FreeRTOS embedded operating system is ported, with sensor data collection completed on the PS side of the ZYNQ chip and algorithm acceleration calculations on the PL side. Data are then transmitted to the host computer via the LoRa module paired with a custom protocol. Experimental test results show that the program provides stable data transmission, with each module of the algorithm generally accelerating by more than 95% and an accuracy rate of 92.86%. Additionally, the host computer can display the received data in real time. The custom protocol’s header also allows for precise judgments about the completeness and origin of messages, facilitating the expansion of other SOC’s message uplink and the host computer’s message downlink.
Additional Clearance over Obstacles to Determine Minimum Flight Altitude in Mountainous Terrain
Authors: Pérez Sanz Luis , Fernández-Shaw González Ana , Pérez-Castán Javier A. , Serrano-Mira Lidia , Rodríguez Fernández Damián , Sánchez Ayra Eduardo
Published: June 2024

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) specifies that in the design phase of instrument flight procedures, an additional clearance may be added to an obstacle when flights are over mountainous terrain. This clearance increase can be up to 100 per cent of the minimum obstacle clearance (MOC). Airspace and instrument flight procedure designers usually face the problem of determining what value should be applied, since setting the maximum value of 100% often implies operational penalties, but there are no standardized criteria to determine lower values. The ICAO PANS-OPS indicates that the additional clearance over obstacles in mountainous areas is caused by two effects, both related to orography and wind speed. The first effect is due to the altimeter indication error. The second one is related to the loss of altitude when an aircraft is exposed to turbulence produced by mountain waves. This paper presents a methodology for determining the additional clearance to be applied over obstacles when, in the flight procedure design phase, the overflight of mountainous terrain is expected. Through this methodology, results have been achieved for the proposal of an appropriate additional clearance. The development of graphs and tables allows us to identify which additional value should be considered in each case.
Using Ensemble of Hand-Feature Engineering and Machine Learning Classifiers for Refining the Subthalamic Nucleus Location from Micro-Electrode Recordings in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Benouis Mohamed , Rosado-Muñoz Alfredo
Published: June 2024

When pharmaceutical treatments for Parkinson’s Disease (PD) are no longer effective, Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) surgery, a procedure that entails the stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus (STN), is another treatment option. However, the success rate of this surgery heavily relies on the precise location of the STN, as well as the correct positioning of the stimulation electrode. In order to ensure the correct location, Micro-Electrode Recordings (MERs) are analyzed. During surgery, MERs capture brain signals while inserted in the brain, receiving different brain activity depending on the crossed brain area. The location of the STN is guaranteed when brain signals from MERs meet certain criteria. Nevertheless, MER signals are sensitive to various artifacts coming from machinery or other electrical equipment in the operating theater; patient activity; and electrode motion. These all lower the signal-to-noise ratio of the MER signals. MER signals are stochastic, multicomponent, transient, and non-stationary in nature, and they contain multi-unit neural activity in the form of spikes and artefacts. Thus, accurately defining that MERs are located in the STN is not an easy task. This work analyzes relevant features from MER, based on analyzing spike activity and local field signals. Six different classification algorithms are used, together with the optimal input feature selection. The algorithms are trained using supervised Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation. MER data were collected in a real scenario from 14 PD patients during DBS implantation surgery. The dataset is publicly available. The results derived from the use of this method show an accuracy of up to 100% in detecting where the MER electrode is located in the STN brain area.
Use of Wearables in Frail Institutionalized Older Adults While Ambulating in Different Environments
Authors: Obeso-Benítez Paula , Martínez-Piédrola Rosa M. , Serrada-Tejeda Sergio , Hernández-Hernández Lucía , García-González Óscar , Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza Patricia , Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres Marta
Published: June 2024

(1) Prolonged life expectancy often leads to declining health, reduced physical activity, and dependence, especially in institutionalized elderly. Frailty, obesity, limited functionality, and cognitive impairment are common. Physical activity programs for this demographic can increase weekly energy expenditure and improve frailty. Understanding differences in walking indoors versus outdoors is crucial for tailored programs. This study aimed to compare time, energy expenditure, and perceived exertion in institutionalized elderly walking indoors versus outdoors. It also explored how body mass index and cognitive levels affected these factors. (2) Employing a cross-sectional descriptive observational approach, the study gathered data on height, weight, accelerometers, the modified Borg Scale, the Timed Up and Go test, and the Lobo Cognitive Mini-Exam from a sample of 30 institutionalized older adults. (3) Walking outdoors leads to shorter walking times, higher energy expenditure, and increased perceived effort. Overweight individuals expend more energy in both settings, while cognitive impairment does not significantly impact walking preferences. (4) The study concludes that indoor walking is preferable for frail elderly due to lower perceived exertion, but outdoor walking is recommended for overweight individuals. Cognitive status does not influence the choice of walking environment.
Exploratory Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Stress during Medial Knee Rotation with and without Iliotibial Band–Intermuscular Septum Lateral Extra-Articular Tenodesis for Transtibial and Anteromedial Femoral Tunnels
Authors: Yañez Roberto , Silvestre Rony , Roby Matias , Neira Alejandro , Madera Samuel , De la Fuente Carlos
Published: June 2024

Traditional lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) using fixation elements constrains medial knee rotation laxity after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLr). However, the mechanical behavior of an LET made with an iliotibial band–intermuscular septum is unknown using different anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction drillings and would be crucial for constraining the rotatory components of direction change movements. Thus, this study aimed to explore the maximum principal stresses and their distribution in grafts during medial knee rotation with and without iliotibial band–intermuscular septum lateral extra-articular tenodesis for the transtibial technique (TT), hybrid transtibial technique (HTT), and anteromedial portal technique (AM) in single-bundle ACLr. The maximum von Mises principal stresses and their distribution under medial knee rotation were described using a finite element model generated from a healthy knee. LET with HTT, TT, and AM decreases stress by 97%, 93%, and 86% during medial rotation compared to each technique without LET, respectively. The stress concentration for the AM portal and TT techniques was located at the femoral tunnel, and for HTT with LET, it was located across the distal thirds of the anterior aspect of the graft. In conclusion, the HTT with LET diminishes graft stress more than the HTT, TT, and AM without LET, and the TT and AM with LET during medial knee rotation. The AM portal, HTT, and TT techniques without LET show higher stress concentration patterns at the femoral tunnel, establishing a biomechanical risk of femoral tunnel enlargement when LET is not performed.
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of Collapse Risk in Mountain Tunnels Based on Game Theory
Authors: Zheng Weiqiang , Xu Shixiang , Wang Zecheng
Published: June 2024

In view of the problem that mountain tunnel construction is prone to collapse risk and disaster accidents, this paper proposes a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on CRITIC and D-AHP combined weighting, which can effectively improve the accuracy of mountain tunnel collapse risk evaluation and reduce construction risks. This method combines the improved subjective weighting method D-number analytic hierarchy process and the more scientific and reasonable objective weighting method CRITIC method for combined weighting and uses game theory to optimize the weights, which improves its accuracy compared to traditional evaluation methods and makes up for the lack of subjective and objective weighting of a single evaluation method. The results show that the introduction of the D-number theory can reduce the impact of an uncertain environment on the evaluation results. The risk levels of the sample sections are all between three and four, which is consistent with the actual situation of the project, indicating that the evaluation model is feasible.
Meat Texture Image Classification Using the Haar Wavelet Approach and a Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix
Authors: Kiswanto Kiswanto , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto , Sediyono Eko
Published: June 2024

This research aims to examine the use of image processing and texture analysis to find a more reliable and efficient solution for identifying and classifying types of meat, based on their texture. The method used involves the use of feature extraction, Haar wavelet, and gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) (with angles of 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°), supported by contrast, correlation, energy, homogeneity, and entropy matrices. The test results showed that the k-NN algorithm excelled at identifying the texture of fresh (99%), frozen (99%), and rotten (96%) meat, with high accuracy. The GLCM provided good results, especially on texture images of fresh (183.21) and rotten meat (115.79). The Haar wavelet results were lower than those of the k-NN algorithm and GLCM, but this method was still useful for identifying texture images of fresh meat (89.96). This research development is expected to significantly increase accuracy and efficiency in identifying and classifying types of meat based on texture in the future, reducing human error and aiding in prompt evaluation.
UCP2, a Member of the Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins: An Overview from Physiological to Pathological Roles
Authors: Nesci Salvatore , Rubattu Speranza
Published: June 2024

UCP2 is an uncoupling protein homolog to UCP1. Unlike UCP1, which participates in non-shivering thermogenesis by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), UCP2 does not perform a canonical H+ leak, consuming the protonmotive force (Δp) through the inner mitochondrial membrane. The UCP2 biological role is elusive. It can counteract oxidative stress, acting with a “mild uncoupling” process to reduce ROS production, and, in fact, UCP2 activities are related to inflammatory processes, triggering pathological conditions. However, the Δp dissipation by UCP2 activity reduces the mitochondrial ATP production and rewires the bioenergetic metabolism of the cells. In all likelihood, UCP2 works as a carrier of metabolites with four carbon atoms (C4), reversing the anaerobic glycolysis-dependent catabolism to OXPHOS. Indeed, UCP2 can perform catalysis in dual mode: mild uncoupling of OXPHOS and metabolite C4 exchange of mitochondria. In vivo, the UCP2 features in the biology of mitochondria promote healthy ageing, increased lifespan, and can assure cerebro- and cardiovascular protection. However, the pathological conditions responsible for insulin secretion suppression are dependent on UCP2 activity. On balance, the uncertain biochemical mechanisms dependent on UCP2 do not allow us to depict the protective role in mitochondrial bioenergetics.
Animal and Cellular Models of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Baglietto-Vargas David , Freude Kristine K. , Garcia-Leon Juan Antonio
Published: June 2024

Animal and cellular models have been essential tools over the years to understand many pathogenic mechanisms underlying different neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [...]
miR-155 and miR-21 as Diagnostic and Therapeutic Biomarkers for Ulcerative Colitis: There Is Still a Long Way to Go
Authors: Onisor Danusia , Brusnic Olga , Banescu Claudia , Carstea Claudia , Sasaran Maria , Stoian Mircea , Avram Calin , Boicean Adrian , Boeriu Alina , Dobru Daniela
Published: June 2024

(1) Elucidating the role of miRNAs (miRs) in ulcerative colitis may provide new insights into disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring We aimed to investigate whether plasma levels of miR-21-5p and miR-155-5p may be used to differentiate between patients with organic disease such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), and patients with functional disease such as irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D). (2) Serological samples were collected to quantify miR-155 and -21 expression, which was carried out through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), from 84 patients: 34 with acute UC (group 1), 17 with CDI (group 2), and 33 with IBS-D (control group). (3) In this study, we found that the expression levels of miR-155-5p were almost the same for the two conditions and the control group (UC: 4.22 ± 1.61, CDI: 3.94 ± 1.62, IBS-D: 4.26 ± 1.26), with no significant differences either for ΔCt- or for ΔΔCt-derived parameters (p = 0.74 and p = 0.73, respectively). For miR-21, ΔCt levels presented significantly higher values among the ulcerative colitis group (p < 0.01), but the most important expression fold change was noticed in patients with CDI (UC:4.11 ± 8,46, CDI: 4.94 ± 9.68, IBS-D: 2.83 ± 5.41). (4) Circulating miR-155 and miR-21 were upregulated in UC, CDI, and IBS-D, but differentiation was not possible among them. But their involvement in the pathogenesis of the three diseases makes them suitable for improving the accuracy of diagnosis and facilitating the development of personalized treatment strategies.
The Prognostic Value of Proliferative Activity in Cutaneous Melanoma: A Pilot Study Evaluating the Mitotic Rate and Ki67 Index to Predict Patient Outcomes
Authors: Tapoi Dana Antonia , Gheorghișan-Gălățeanu Ancuța-Augustina , Gosman Laura Maria , Derewicz Diana , Costache Mariana
Published: June 2024

Proliferative activity in cutaneous melanomas can be appreciated both histopathologically by counting mitotic figures and immunohistochemically through the Ki67 index, but the prognostic value of each method is still a matter of debate. In this context, we performed a retrospective study on 33 patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanomas between 2013 and 2018 in order to evaluate progression-free survival and overall survival. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was performed by considering both clinical histopathological and immunohistochemical features. The mitotic rate was significantly independently associated with both outcomes, while the Ki67 index was not an independent prognostic factor. However, the Ki67 predictive accuracy could be improved by establishing both a cut-off value and a standardized protocol for evaluating its expression. Until these desiderata are met, the mitotic rate remains superior to the Ki67 index for predicting prognosis in cutaneous melanomas, as also has the advantage of being easily interpreted in a standard histopathological examination regardless of the pathologist’s experience and with no further financial expenses. Importantly, this is one of very few articles that has shown perineural invasion to be an independent prognostic factor for both progression-free survival and overall survival in cutaneous melanomas. As a consequence, this parameter should become a mandatory feature in the histopathological evaluation of cutaneous melanomas as it can improve the identification of patients who are at high risk for disease progression.
Integration of Image Pattern Recognition and Photon Sensor for Analyzing Cytokine Gene Expression Using πCode MicroDisc
Authors: Juntit On-anong , Sornsuwan Kanokporn , Yasamut Umpa , Tayapiwatana Chatchai
Published: June 2024

Current quantitative gene expression detection in genomic and transcriptomic research heavily relies on quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). While existing multiplex gene detection techniques offer simultaneous analysis of multiple targets, we present an alternative assay capable of detecting gene expression simultaneously within a single well. This highly sensitive method utilizes πCode MicroDiscs, featuring unique identification patterns and fluorescent detection. Our study compared this multiplex πCode platform with a qPCR platform for profiling cytokine gene expression. The πCode MicroDisc assay successfully demonstrated the expression of polymerization markers for M1- and M2-like macrophages generated from THP-1-derived macrophages in a qualitative assay. Additionally, our findings suggest a pattern agreement between the πCode assay and the qPCR assay, indicating the potential of the πCode technology for comparative gene expression analysis. Regarding the inherent sensitivity and linearity, the developed πCode assay primarily provides qualitative gene expression to discriminate the polarization of macrophages. This remarkable capability presents substantial advantages for researchers, rendering the technology highly suitable for high-throughput applications in clinical diagnosis and disease monitoring.
The Effect of Bystander Features on Displaced Aggression in Provocative Situations among Male Juvenile Delinquents
Authors: Lin Shuang , Cheng Gonglu , Sun Shinan , Feng Mengmeng , Bai Xuejun
Published: June 2024

Two studies were conducted to explore the influence of bystander features of displaced aggression in provocative situations among male juvenile delinquents. Study 1 examined the differences in displaced aggression between provoked male juvenile delinquents in the presence or absence of bystanders. The results revealed that provoked male juvenile delinquents exhibited significantly higher levels of displaced aggression when bystanders were present compared to when they were not. Study 2 further manipulated the bystanders’ trigger level and investigated the differences in displaced aggression exhibited by provoked male juvenile delinquents towards highly versus lowly triggered bystanders. The results indicated that after low provocation, male juvenile delinquents exhibited significantly higher levels of displaced aggression towards highly triggered bystanders compared to lowly triggered bystanders. These findings demonstrated that male juvenile delinquents exhibited a high level of displaced aggression towards bystanders in provocative situations, particularly with highly triggered bystanders. This study supported the personality and social model of displaced aggression, emphasizing that bystanders, especially those with high triggers, were more likely to become targets of displaced aggression. The current study provides references for subsequent criminal rehabilitation and crime prevention.
Comparison of Simulation Methods for Glare Risk Assessment with Roller Shades
Authors: Lu Sichen , Tzempelikos Athanasios
Published: June 2024

Daylight discomfort glare evaluation is important when selecting shading properties. New standards recommend allowable glare frequency limits but do not specify the modeling accuracy required for annual glare risk assessment. Fast simulation tools allow users to perform hourly glare evaluations within minutes. However, reliable evaluation of glare through roller shades requires accurate modeling of their specular and diffuse transmission characteristics, affected by color, materials, and weaving technology. This study presents a systematic comparison between commonly used glare simulation methods against the “ground truth” Radiance ray-tracing tool rpict in terms of hourly daylight glare probability (DGP), hourly vertical illuminance (Ev), and annual visual discomfort frequency. The results are presented for two shade fabrics using light transmission models with and without a peak extraction algorithm (Radiance–aBSDF and Radiance–BSDF) for the specular component. The impact of sky/sun discretization on glare prediction is also discussed. The results show that the Radiance 5–Phase Method (5PM) is superior when modeling direct sunlight and DGP through shades, while other investigated methods (3–Phase Method, imageless DGP, ClimateStudio Annual Glare) are not as robust for that purpose. Users are encouraged to understand the underlying assumptions in the imageless methods to avoid errors when simulating glare, especially due to the contrast effects.
Geospatial Assessment of Solar Energy Potential: Utilizing MATLAB and UAV-Derived Datasets
Authors: Ryali Nava Sai Divya , Tripathi Nitin Kumar , Ninsawat Sarawut , Singh Jai Govind
Published: June 2024

Solar energy is playing a crucial role in easing the burden of environmental protection and depletion of conventional energy resources. The use of solar energy in urban settings is essential to meet the growing energy demand and achieve sustainable development goals. This research assesses the solar potential of buildings considering shading events and analyzes the impact of urban built forms (UBFs) on incoming solar potential. The primary data for constructing a virtual 3D city model are derived from a UAV survey, utilizing drone deployment software for flight planning and image acquisition. Geospatial modelling was conducted using the MATLAB Mapping Toolbox to simulate solar irradiation on all the building envelopes in the study area in Jamshedpur, India. The empirical investigation quantified annual solar potential for more than 30,000 buildings in the region by considering time-varying shadowing events based on the sun’s path. The region’s annual solar energy of 310.149 TWh/year is estimated. Integrating UAV-derived datasets with MATLAB introduces a cost-effective and accurate approach, offering to develop 3D city models, assess solar potential, and correlate the impact of urban building forms (UBFs) to incoming solar potential.
A Statistical Study of the Pedestrian Distribution in a Commercial Wholesale Centre Based on the Traffic Spatial Structure
Authors: Zhou Weiqiang , Guo Haoxu , Hou Xiana , Lai Wenbo , Yao Lihao
Published: June 2024

Designing reasonable commercial transportation space is of great significance to enhancing the overall value of commerce. This study takes the classic cases of three typical plans of commercial wholesale centres (CWCs) as the research object, uses space syntax to analyse the connectivity of the architecture of the traffic space, simulates the current situation of the pedestrian flow distribution through ArcGIS, and constructs a multiple regression model for the association between connectivity and pedestrian flow distribution. The results of this study show that for CWCs with a single business type and a focus on traffic efficiency, the distribution of the pedestrian flow is most affected by the main entrance and the vertical traffic distribution. For different types of planes, when the commercial traffic space has strong symmetry, its group relationship is more concise. While a uniform form is more conducive to achieving a balanced distribution of commercial traffic, the asymmetry of the plan layout helps to establish a psycho-spatial map for the visitors. In addition, the commercial value of the first floor is greatly influenced by the layout of the building entrance, and the commercial value of the second floor is greatly influenced by the location of the vertical transportation. In conclusion, when commercial building development planning is in the stage of traffic flow design, the use of space connectivity traffic data can assist in the selection of construction plans and predict the distribution of the economic value in CWCs.
Design Approach on Bearing Capacity of the Cross-Bracing with Different Types of Joint Connection in Steel Lattice Transmission Towers
Authors: Xu Jiajing , He Songyang , Huang Xing , Han Dagang , Liu Xiangyun , Sun Jiubin , Wang Jing , Yao Lu , Zhang Shaofeng
Published: June 2024

This paper presents an evaluation of the bearing capacity of cross-bracing in steel transmission tower structures. Design guidelines (ASCE 10-15, BS EN 50341-1, GB 50017-2017, and DL/T 5486-2020) related to the buckling capacity of the cross-bracing are summarized and compared with the experimental results. The current design provisions obtained the bearing capacity from the equivalent slenderness ratio, and then the stability coefficient and buckling capacity were derived. The calculated bearing capacity based on the design code tends to be overly progressive for smaller slenderness ratios (particularly those below 100), except for EN 50341-1-2012. Conversely, for larger slenderness ratios, ASCE 10-15 and DL/T 5486-2020 Class A design codes lean towards being overly progressive, while GB 50017-2017 and EN 50341-1-2012 codes tend to be more conservative. The design standard appears to exhibit unsafe predictions for Class A and B connections with low slenderness ratios and Class C connections. It needs to be noted that the effects of torsional stiffness and joint connection type are not considered in the current design codes, which are proved to be nonnegligible by the test results. In this paper, the bearing capacity calculation formula is proposed by introducing a modified effective length coefficient (K), and both the torsional stiffness and joint connection type are taken into account. The modified bearing capacity is verified with the test results; the correlation coefficient is 0.997, and the coefficient of variation is 0.04. It can provide a reference for the engineering design of steel lattice transmission tower structures.
Fatigue Evaluation of CFST Arch Bridge Based on Vehicle–Bridge Coupling Vibration Analysis
Authors: Hu Wenliang , Zhou Bin , Zheng Xiaobo
Published: June 2024

This study proposes a fatigue life analysis method for long-span CFST arch bridges based on a vehicle–bridge coupled vibration analysis model, which can analyze the structural dynamic effects and the excessive fatigue damage caused by the passage of vehicles. In situ test analysis of bridge dynamic characteristics is carried out, and a numerical model considering the vehicle–bridge coupled system is validated according to the measured vibration modes, frequency, and displacement time history. The results indicate that the proposed vehicle–bridge coupled vibration numerical model can be used to simulate the dynamic response of the bridge under various conditions. The factors of vehicle speed, vehicle weight, and road surface condition are further selected to analyze the vehicle–bridge coupled vibration effect, and it is found that the response time history is more sensitive to the vehicle weight factor. In addition, the fatigue life of suspenders at different positions is compared, which is found to decrease significantly with a reduction in suspender length. Due to damage to the suspender caused by environmental erosion, the cross-sectional area decreases and the stress amplitude changes, resulting in a decrease in the fatigue reliability of the suspender under different conditions.
Agent-Based Modeling for Construction Resource Positioning Using Digital Twin and BLE Technologies
Authors: Abdelalim Ahmed , Said Salah , Alnaser Aljawharah , Sharaf Ahmed , ElSamadony Adel , Kontoni Denise-Penelope , Tantawy Mohamed
Published: June 2024

In response to the critical need for enhanced resource management in the construction industry, this research develops an innovative, integrated methodology that synergistically combines Agent-Based Modeling (ABM), Building Information Modeling (BIM), and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technologies. Central to our approach is a sophisticated technological framework that incorporates a Client Early Warning System (CEWS) and a Decision Support System (DSS). These systems facilitate real-time monitoring and management of construction resources, ensuring operational efficiency and optimal resource utilization. Our methodology was empirically validated through a comprehensive case study at Helwan University’s College of Engineering. The results demonstrated a significant enhancement in operational efficiency, particularly in resource allocation and progress tracking. Key practical outcomes include the development of a CEWS master dashboard that provides in-depth, real-time insights into project metrics. This dashboard was crucial for managing compliance with health protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic, showcasing the framework’s adaptability to critical health standards. Further, the integration of indoor tracking technology revolutionized attendance tracking by replacing outdated manual methods with automated processes. This capability not only underscores the practical applicability of our research but also establishes a new benchmark for future technological advancements in construction project management. Our study sets the stage for subsequent innovations, paving the way for a more connected, efficient, and data-driven approach in the construction industry.
The Effect of Copper Tailings Sand on the Workability and Mechanical Properties of Concrete
Authors: Zhang Zihong , Gao Ning , Wang Hongyan
Published: June 2024

Concrete materials are widely used in engineering projects, with fine aggregates (sand) being a key component currently in short supply. Copper tailings sand, a waste by-product of copper mining, accumulates in large quantities in tailings dams. Recycling and reusing this waste sand is crucial for environmental sustainability. This paper investigated the incorporation of copper tailings sand into concrete as a partial replacement for fine aggregates and evaluated its effects on concrete’s workability and mechanical properties. The experimental results indicate that the addition of copper tailings sand reduced the workability and compressive strength of concrete. Specifically, at a 60% substitution rate, the slump of the concrete was reduced by 15%, and the axial strength was closest to that of ordinary concrete, with a reduction of 2.5%. As the proportion of copper tailings sand increased from 0% to 80%, the average axial strength decreased from 37.3 MPa to 34.9 MPa, and stiffness decreased by approximately 6.43%. A complete stress–strain curve equation was proposed based on fitting relevant parameters, closely aligning with experimental data. Moderately adding tailings sand can help address the issue of large amounts of waste sand accumulating in tailings dams while maintaining acceptable concrete properties.