bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH STRATEGI BELAJAR MNEMONICS RHYTHM AND RHYME TERHADAP PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Fatmah Khamsiah Mawar , Mamin Ratnawaty , H. Muhiddin Nurhayani
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Peningkatan motivasi belajar peserta didik UPT SMP Negeri 1 Mattiro Bulu Pinrang yang diajar menggunakan strategi mnemonics rhythm and rhyme.  (2) Peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik UPT SMPN 1 Mattiro Bulu Pinrang yang diajar menggunakan strategi mnemonics rhythm and rhyme. (3) Pengaruh strategi mnemonics rhythm and rhyme terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar peserta didik di UPT SMPN 1 Mattiro Bulu Pinrang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Quasi Experimental, pengambilan sampel purposive sampling dengan beberapa pertimbangan dan didapatkan kelas eksperimen dengan jumlah siswa 25 orang dan kelas kontrol dengan jumlah siswa 24 orang. Hasil analisis deskriptif peningkatan motivasi belajar peserta didik kelas eksperimen diperoleh rata-rata skor N-Gain 0,56 berada pada kategori sedang, dan untuk kelas kontrol rata-rata skor N-Gain 0,24 berada pada kategori rendah, sedangkan untuk hasil belajar peserta didik pada kelas eksperimen diperoleh rata-rata skor N-Gain 0,64 kategori sedang dan rata-rata skor N-Gain pada kelas kontrol adalah 0,33 kategori sedang. Hasil analisis statistik inferensial menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh strategi mnemonics rhythm and rhyme terhadap peningkatan motivasi dan hasil belajar peserta didik UPT SMPN 1 Mattiro Bulu Kabupaten Pinrang pada materi klasifikasi materi dan perubahannya.
ANALISIS KONTRIBUSI KESIGAPAN BELAJAR DAN METODE BELAJAR SISWA SMP TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA PADA PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH
Authors: Sitohang Elsa Octavia , Suardana I Nyoman , Selamet Kompyang
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kontribusi kesigapan belajar dan metode belajar siswa SMP terhadap hasil belajar IPA pada pembelajaran jarak jauh. Jenis penelitian adalah ex post facto yang bersifat korelasional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas IX SMP Negeri 2 Seririt Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021 yang berjumlah 194 siswa. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 130 siswa yang diambil menggunakan teknik proportional random sampling. Data kesigapan belajar dan metode belajar dikumpulkan menggunakan metode kuesioner sedangkan data hasil belajar dikumpulkan dengan metode tes. Analisis data menggunakan analisis korelasi dan analisis regresi dengan taraf signifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi yang positif dan signifikan antara kesigapan belajar dan metode belajar secara simultan dengan hasil belajar IPA dengan angka signifikansi lebih kecil dari 0,05, koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,95 kategori sangat kuat, dan persamaan regresi yaitu Y ̂ = 29,040 + 0,246X1 + 0,698X2. Kesigapan belajar dan metode belajar juga berkontribusi secara positif terhadap hasil belajar IPA dengan hasil sumbangan efektif (SE) kedua prediktor terhadap variabel kriterium yaitu sebesar 90,5%.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA POWER POINT INTERAKTIF TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Alwardah Nanda , Sitorus Kardinal , Nuraini Nuraini
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peningkatan hasil belajar IPA kelas VII SMP dengan menerapkan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) dengan menggunakan media power point interaktif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 30 orang peserta didik. Instrumen berupa tes dalam bentuk pilihan berganda sebanyak 3o soal dengan 4 pilihan dan urian sebanyak 10 soal pada materi pencemaran lingkungan. Pembelajaran dilakukan dengan dua siklus serta setiap pembelajaran dilakukan pre-test dan post-test. Peningkatan presentasi N-Gain pada siklus I: 63,8% (kategori sedang) dan siklus II: 81,2% (kategori tinggi). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar IPA peserta didik SMP dengan menerapkan model PBL dengan menggunakan media power point interaktif pada materi Pencemaran lingkungan.
PENERAPAN DISCOVERY LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR DAN PENANAMAN KARAKTER PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IXA SMP NEGERI 3 PALOPO
Authors: Hadijah Hj Sitti
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar dan penanaman karakter peserta didik kelas IXA SMP Negeri 3 Palopo yang dibelajarkan dengan penerapan model Discovery learning berbasis pendekatan saintifik materi sistem reproduksi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian yaitu satu orang guru dan seluruh peserta didik kelas IXA SMP Negeri 3 Palopo Sebanyak 31 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik tes. Analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif. Aktifitas peserta didik terdiri dari dua kategori, untuk kategori positif mengalami peningkatan dari  siklus I kesiklus II untuk beberapa aspek sampai 100% dan kategori negatif mengalami penurunan sampai 0% untuk beberapa aspek. Hasil belajar pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan peningkatan menjadi 31 orang siswa (100%) yang hasil belajarnya tuntas. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model discovery learning berbasis pendekatan saintifik meningkatkan hasil belajar dan pembinaan karakter peserta didik.
PENERAPAN GAME EDUKASI TERINTEGRASI KEARIFAN LOKAL BERBASIS ANDROID TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DARING
Authors: Miluningtias Siti , Shofiyah Noly
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil belajar kognitif siswa setelah belajar menggunakan game edukasi terintegrasi kearifan lokal berbasis android serta mengetahui pengaruh penerapan game edukasi terintegrasi kearifan lokal berbasis android terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan rancangan one group pretest-posttest design dengan satu kelas eksperimen dan dua kelas replikasi. Populasi yang digunakan adalah siswa kelas VIII tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik sampling purposive. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan metode tes untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa. Analisis data menggunakan uji paired sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan siswa kelas eksperimen yang lulus KKM pada materi gerak dan gaya sebesar 71.4% dengan kategori baik, siswa kelas replikasi 1 sebesar 41.4% dengan kategori cukup, dan siswa kelas replikasi 2 sebesar 78.5% dengan kategori sangat baik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis uji t menggunakan paired sample t-test diperoleh nilai signifikan pada kelas eksperimen sebesar 0.000, kelas replika 1 sebesar 0.000 dan kelas replika 2 sebesar 0.000 dimana semua nilai signifikan < taraf signifikan (5%). Sehingga disimpulkan bahwa game edukasi terintegrasi kearifan lokal berbasis android berpengaruh pada hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Sidoarjo.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK UNTUK SISWA SMA KELAS X PADA MATERI JAMUR
Authors: Oktaviani Sonia , Yennita Yennita , Rahman Abdul
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) pada materi jamur dan mengetahui persentase kelayakannya melalui uji validitas. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah metode Research and Development (R&D) menurut Sugiyono (2012). Setelah dirancang, LKPD kemudian diuji kelayakannya melalui validasi oleh tiga orang ahli dan kemudian direvisi. Validasi menggunakan instrumen berupa lembar angket yang terdiri dari lembar angket untuk ahli media, ahli bahan ajar, dan praktisi. Hasil validasi menunjukkan LKPD dinilai sangat layak (88,38%) oleh para validator. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah LKPD layak digunakan untuk siswa kelas.
ANATOMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY ON RADIAL HEAD AND ITS CLINICAL IMPLICATION
Authors: Saha Moumita , Bhattacharya Santanu
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The lateral forearm bone, Radius is a fundamental element for the physiological or prosthetic stability of
the elbow and superior radio-ulnar joints. It also participates in elbow exion, supination & pronation. The knowledge of
shape and size of the radius will be useful for the radial head prosthesis. The morphometric data may help orthopedic surgeons for reconstructive
surgery.
Aims & Objectives: To determine the morphometric parameters of proximal end of radius and to assess its clinical signicance.
Methodology: A cross sectional morphometric study was conducted on sixty-six undamaged adult dry human Radii of unknown age and sex, in
the Department of Anatomy, MJNMCH, by using a digital vernier caliper of accuracy of 0.01mm. Anteroposterior diameter, transverse diameter,
medial height and lateral height and depth of superior articular facet were measured.
Result: In the present study mean values (±standard deviation) of anteroposterior diameter, transverse diameter, medial height, lateral height of
radial head and depth of superior articular surface were 16.86±2.92mm, 16.22±2.91mm, 8±1.7mm, 5.8±1.29mm and 1.1±0.3mm for the right
side and 18.71±2.05mm, 18.14±2.1mm, 8.5±1.33mm, 6.15±0.9mm and 1.21±0.3mm for the left side respectively. The average values of
anteroposterior and transverse diameter of radial head show signicant difference between right side and left side of radius.
Conclusion: The knowledge of size and shape of radial head is necessary for creation of radial head prosthesis that should be automatically and
biochemically correct so that the open be safely applied. The study was conducted to nd out some additional and relevant information on the
morphometric parameters of radial head so that it can help in creation of radial head prosthesis.
PREVALENCE OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AMONG CHILDREN WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS TREATED BY INSULIN
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Gupta Chanchal , Gupta Mahesh Kumar , Agarwal Vishnu
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND- This study to nd out the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among diabetic children with type 1
DM treated with insulin.
METHODS -This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 100 children with type 1 DM from 1 to 16 years of age. All patients were subjected to
full fundus examination and were then classied according to its results into patients with DR and patients without DR.
RESULTS- The mean age of the patients was 9.42±1.31 years and 56.00% were males. DR was found in 10 (10.00%) patients, seven of whom had
retinopathy in one eye and three had retinopathy in both eyes. Mild nonproliferative DR was found in 11 eyes and moderate DR was found in 2
eyes.
CONCLUSION- The prevalence of DR was 10.0% among all studied patients and 6.50% among all studied eyes. The grade of retinopathy was
directly related to the duration of DM, fasting blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels.
HIGH SENSITIVITY- C REACTIVE PROTEIN AS CARDIOVASCULAR RISK MARKER IN METABOLIC SYNDROME PATIENTS.
Authors: Gawali Sangeeta M , Karandikar Mahesh S
Published: August 2021

Background & Objectives: 20-25% of the world's adult population have metabolic syndrome (MetS); mortality of these
people is double, and the morbidity of heart attack or stroke is three times higher than in the healthy population. Recent
research has focused on the use of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a marker of inammation, in the detection of patients at
increased risk for cardiovascular disease. The study was conducted to evaluate for the evidence of the association between baseline hs-CRP
levels and the metabolic syndrome.
Methods: It was a cross-sectional study of 200 adults, 18–50 years of age, both the sexes randomly selected from diabetes & obesity OPD at
tertiary care hospital & compared with 200 age & sex-matched controls. Diagnosis of Metabolic syndrome was done according to Modied
National Cholesterol Education Program ATP III criteria (2004).
High Sensitivity -C Reactive Proteins -hs-CRP was done by ELISA method (CAL BIOTECH). Statistical Analysis was done by Pearson
correlation coefcient to study the correlation between hs-CRP & various components of metabolic syndrome.
Results: We found signicantly increased hs-CRP levels (P<0.001) in metabolic syndrome, 60% of patients with metabolic syndrome belonged
to the high-risk group with a mean hs-CRP value >3 mg/L & a positive correlation of hs-CRP with abdominal circumference & triglyceride &
HDL levels
Conclusion: increased hs- CRP levels in metabolic syndrome may increase the risk of having cardiovascular mortality. These prospective data
suggest that measurement of hs-CRP adds clinically important prognostic information to the metabolic syndrome.
“COMPARISON OF ATHEROGENIC INDEX OF PLASMA AND CHOLESTEROL/HDL RATIO AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL”
Authors: Karmakar Amrita , Mandal Dipa , Gupta Soma
Published: August 2021

Lipid prole though is a well established parameter to predict cardio vascular risk in patients suffering from type 2
diabetes mellitus(T2DM), at present lipid ratios are replacing these age old parameters. Among the lipid ratios
Atherogenic index of plasma(AIP) and cholesterol/HDL(Chol/HDL) are found to be of great signicance. This cross-sectional study aimed to
compare the predictive value of two lipid ratios, "Atherogenic index of plasma" (AIP) and "Cholesterol/HDL ratio" on basis of insulin resistance
(IR) among 55 newly diagnosed cases with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and 50 control subjects. HOMA –IR (p value <0.0001), AIP
(<0.001) and Cholesterol/HDL ratio (<0.001) were signicantly raised among case group in comparison to controls. Both AIP(r- 0.305, p-0.002)
and Chol/HDL ratio(r- 0.23, p value- 0.018) was signicantly correlated with HOMA-IR. ROC curve of AIP and Chol/HDL ratio was plotted for
identifying IR. There is no signicant difference between areas under curve (AUC) of AIP (AUC-0.656) and Chol/HDL ratio(AUC-0.630) (p
value- 0.49). AIP was found to be correlated better with Insulin resistance than CHOL/HDL ratio. AUC in AIP was found to be slightly higher and
overall sensitivity and specicity of AIP was found to be 66% and 69%, of Chol/HDL ratio was 46% and 76% to identify moderate to high-risk
group: whereas it is 69%&47% of AIP and 87% and 32% of Chol/HDL ratio to identify low risk group. Both lipid ratios have some signicance in
predicting cardio vascular risk in T2DM
THE STUDY OF MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOME IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH THYROID DISORDER: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY IN INDORE REGION
Authors: Gupta Preeti , Jain Manila , Gupta Nand K , Gupta Umesh K
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Thyroid disorder is very common disorders in pregnancy. It is well established that overt and subclinical thyroid dysfunction has adverse effects on mother and the foetus like miscarriages, preterm delivery, preeclampsia, eclampsia, polyhydramnios, placental abruption, postpartum haemorrhage, low birth weight, fetal distress, NICU admission. With this background, we are conducting a study to know the effect of thyroid disorder on pregnancy and its maternal and foetal outcome. METHODS: The present study was carried out in Index Medical College, Indore, MP, India in Department of physiology in collaboration with Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology. It is a prospective random cross-sectional study done over 180 pregnant women (90 pregnant women with thyroid disorder and 90 with normal thyroid) which includes known cases of thyroid disorder. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), fT3, and fT4 tests were apart from the routine blood sample investigations as per FOGSI-ICOG good clinical practice recommendation. Patients are followed up till delivery, and their obstetrics and perinatal outcomes are noted. RESULTS: In our study prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 10.4%. Out of these 90 patients with thyroid dysfunction, complications associated were pre-eclampsia (14.4%), abortions (13.3%), maternal anaemia (11.1%), preterm labour (7.8%), still birth (5.6%), abruption placenta (4.4%). Out of 90 patients with thyroid dysfunction, foetal complications seen were low birth weight (22.2%), NICU admission (15.6%), hyperbilirubinemia (14.4%) and foetal distress (5.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Our result demonstrated that the thyroid disorders during pregnancy have adverse effects on maternal and foetal outcome emphasizing the importance of routine antenatal thyroid screening.
SECONDARY HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS IN A CHILD WITH CONCOMITANT EBSTEIN BARR VIRUS AND SCRUB TYPHUS INFECTION – A RARE ENTITY
Authors: Dasgupta Saheli , Meur Saumen , Dutta Monideepa
Published: August 2021

Scrub typhus is a life threatening zoonosis caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi organisms that are transmitted by the larvae
of trombiculid mites. It is endemic to a geographically distinct region, the so called Tsutsugamushi triangle, which
includes Japan, China and South Korea. The disease is more prevalent in southern and northern India.It is characterised by focal or disseminated
vasculitis and perivasculitis involving the lungs, liver, spleen and central nervous system.
We report our experience with pediatric scrub typhus at a hospital in eastern India with EBV positive and secondary HLH.
An 8 year old boy with fever, maculopapular rash, hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy was admitted in our institution and diagnosed with
Scrub typhus. Physical and laboratory data showed hepatosplenomegaly, bicytopenia, hyperferritinemia, and hypobrinogenemia. Secondary
HLH was diagnosed and the child was managed with IVIG and steroids. In view of rash followed by lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly
EBV serology was also sent as a cause of HLH. Surprisingly, EBV panel was also positive.
We therefore concluded that the most probable explanation was EBV triggered HPS following scrub typhus infection.
Another possible explanation is EBV can be reactivated in critically ill patients.
To our knowledge this is the rst such case in the pediatric population reported till date.
A CASE OF SPINAL TUBERCULOSIS MISEVALUATED AS INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
Authors: Sagar Chepuri
Published: August 2021

Tuberculosis of spine (Pott's disease) is a frequently encountered extra pulmonary form of tuberculosis and is the most
dangerous form . We report a case of spinal tuberculosis which present with clinical features of intestinal obstruction. A 45 1
year old male patient came to general surgery out patient department with chief complaints of pain abdomen since two weeks, constipation since
two weeks and distension of abdomen since 10 days. History of fever present since 2 months low grade on and off. Case was evaluated with X ray
erect abdomen, colonoscopy, CT abdomen which showing features of tuberculosis of spine. Patients of tuberculosis of spine can be asymptomatic
and sometimes diagnosis is made incidentally during the course of evaluation for other symptoms
A STUDY ON IMPACT OF DIET ON GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN WOMEN WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Johri Nidhi , Kumar Priti
Published: August 2021

Background: Good nutrition is an important part of any pregnancy, but it becomes more important if women have GDM.
In diabetes the body cannot make or use insulin efciently. Insulin is produced by pancreas and it allows the cells to use
sugar in the blood (glucose) for energy. Large amounts of glucose accumulate in blood but the cells do not have enough fuel for their needs. Aim
and Objectives: The study aimed to see the effect of diet in achieving glycemic control in women with GDM and also to see the maternal and
neonatal outcome in patients of GDM treated with diet modications. Material and Methods: It was a prospective study comprising of patients
who had their random blood sugar levels raised above the decided level. The study was carried out in a minimum of 130 established gestational
diabetes patients, who were visiting the obstetrics clinic at tertiary care hospital for treatment during the time period of Oct 2020 to March 2021.
The purpose and other details of the study was discussed prior with the patients. An oral consent was also taken from all the participating patients,
prior inclusion in the study. Results: Out of total 1100 deliveries in hospital during study period, the incidence of GDM was found to be 11.8%.
Presence of glycosuria (84.61%) and family history of diabetes (57.6%) were most important risk factors statistically. After implementation of
diet chart to all women, glycemia improved in 70 patients out of 130. Rest 60 required insulin for achievement of normoglycemia in addition to
diet therapy. In this study 23% delivered vaginally and 77% by LSCS. Diet alone along with moderate Conclusion: activities can cure the true
GDM as reected in present study and prescription of insulin ever since diagnosis of diabetes during pregnancy is not the correct approach to treat
the disease condition that is what is observed here and suggested by this study
A PECULIAR CASE OF ISOLATED METASTATIC INGUINAL LYMPHADENOPATHY IN A YOUNG LADY – A CASE REPORT
Authors: Kumar MS Anil , SS Pankaja , Rajesh Kavuru Pavan
Published: August 2021

Lymphadenopathy refers to the swelling of lymph nodes which can be secondary to bacterial, viral or fungal infections, autoimmune disease and malignancy. Lymphadenopathy can be localized or diffuse. About 75% of most lymphadenopathies are localized, and about 50% of those occur in the head and neck regions . Inguinal lymphadenopathy (3) occurs at the groin region and most common causes include infections of leg or foot, STDs, non Hodgkin's lymphoma, tuberculosis and pelvic malignancies. One of the rare causes includes distant metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) which is present in our case. Nasopharyngeal cancer is an uncommon squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region, in most parts of the world. It has a high propensity for lymphatic spread and is known for regional metastases with occult primary at presentation . The incidence of distant (1) metastasis at presentation ranges from 4.4 to 6%. The most common sites of metastasis are bone (70%–80%) followed by liver (30%), lungs (18%) and distant lymph nodes (axillary, mediastinal, pelvic and inguinal, in that order) . About 98% of them are discovered within 3 (2) years of treatment. As it is a highly chemo and radio-sensitive tumor, radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy is the mainstay in the management of local and advanced diseases. Here we are presenting a peculiar case of previously treated NPC presenting as isolated left inguinal metastatic lymphadenopathy in a young lady
PROPHYLAXIS AND POST SURGICAL ANTIBIOTIC UTILIZATION PATTERN IN TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Kumari Sweta , Bagati Kavita Dhar , Krishnan.S Bala , Dutta Shaktibala
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Antibiotics are at times indiscriminately used in clinical management may cause adverse effects, drug
resistance etc. Thus to optimize use, there is a need to regulate the prescription strategies with antimicrobial stewardship.
MATERIAL & METHODS: To evaluate prophylaxis and post surgery uses of antibiotics with dose, route of administration, duration of
antibiotic treatment, duration of stay in wards, no of antibiotics per prescription . This is a prospective observational type of study conducted as a
collaboration of Santosh medical college Ghaziabad and All india institute of medical sciences Bhopal. Out of 169, 58(34.3%) were RESULTS:
in orthopaedics (M/F = 37/21), and 111 in surgery (M/F = 57/75). In surgery, Beta lactam (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 84(49.7%) and ceftriaxone
(79(46.7%) were given at dose of (mean dose1040 gram) for duration of 1.29 hours mean time. Post surgery the dose was 1052.97 g for 4.42 days .
In orthopaedics Cefazolin of class cephalosporin was used in 31.4 % of cases at dose of (mean dose 999.13 g for mean duration of 4.19 days
.Principle It was found cephalosporins (cefazolin and ceftriaxone) and beta lactam CONCLUSION: (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) are preferred
in orthopaedics and surgery respectively. This was as per the prescription norms and regulations.
ASSESSING RISK FACTORS OF MALARIA IN LAKHIMPUR DISTRICT OF ASSAM
Authors: Saikia Naba Jyoti , Dev Anoop
Published: August 2021

Malaria is a life-threatening parasitic disease transmitted from person to person through the bite of a female Anopheles
mosquito. The transmission of malaria can be determined by climatic and host factors. The objective of this paper is to
trace the host factors of malaria incidence and also to determine the relationship between climatic factors and malaria incidence in Lakhimpur
district of Assam. In order to examine the association between monthly malaria incidence rates and climatic variables, Pearson correlation
analysis has been used. Also, Chi-square test for independence of attributes is performed to trace the host factors of malaria incidence. A
uctuating trend was observed for reported malaria cases during the years 2000-2011. Both positive and negative correlation have occurred
between climatic variable and MIR. Also, we have observed that male is more affected by malaria incidence than female. Among the age groups,
the age group 15-39 years was found most affected age group than other age groups. After Chi-square test for independence of attributes we
reveal that malaria depends on sex and age.
SUMMARY: From our study, we suggest that even if the climatic factors play a primary role for transmission of malaria, sex and age are other
important risk factors in characterizing malaria incidence in the district.
SCORING SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING RISK OF AMPUTATION IN PATIENT'S WITH DIABETIC FOOT
Authors: Reddy Seelam Srinivasa , Krishna Ravipati Sai , Bendi Sai Krishna , Evangeline Baratam Grace
Published: August 2021

Diabetic foot problems are common throughout the world, resulting in major economic consequences for the patients,
their families, and society. Our aim is “To formulate a risk scoring system that can predict the risk of amputation in a
patient with an infected diabetic foot”. Previously published studies aimed at identifying independent risk factors for lower-extremity amputation
in patients with a DFI have noted an association with older age, the presence of fever, elevated acute-phase reactants, higher HbA1c levels, and
renal insufciency. In the current study, we have identied that Age, Duration of diabetes, History of amputations, Ulcer depth, Ankle-brachial
index, Severity of infection, and Peripheral neuropathy, Peripheral arterial diseases are signicantly associated with Lower Extremity
amputation. Peripheral vascular disease and infection were the most powerful predictors, as 65% of patients who underwent amputations in our
study belonged to Rutherford grade 3 and grade 4. We developed a New Risk score for predicting amputation in diabetic patients with an infected
foot ulcer, which can be readily used in daily clinical practice without the necessity of extensive lab investigations. Patients with a score of >16.5
are at increased risk of lower extremity amputation. 66.6% of our follow up cases who underwent reamputations belonged to the group with a
score of >16.5. Risk of amputation increases as the score increases
CORRELATION OF RADIOLOGICAL FINDINGS WITH SHORT-TERM CLINICAL OUTCOME IN PATIENTS OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AT A PUBLIC HOSPITAL IN NORTH INDIA.
Authors: Gupta Rekha , Garg Dollphy , Singh Upinderjeet
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury is dened as an aggression to the brain caused by an external physical force
producing a state of diminished or altered consciousness leading to decreased cognitive abilities and physical
functioning. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) is a general measure widely used in TBI management and surgery outcome studies. The
Rotterdam Computed Tomography (CT) score of traumatic brain injury is a relatively recently described classication aimed at improving
prognostic evaluation of patients admitted with acute traumatic brain injuries.
OBJECTIVE: Aim of our study is to correlate the severity of traumatic brain injury using CT Rotterdam criterion with clinical outcome at 3
months using Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a hospital based observational study conducted in Department of radiology from May 2020 to
February 2021. All patients with history of traumatic brain injury who underwent NCCT in department were contacted telephonically 3 months
after the date of CT scan and a verbal questionnaire in vernacular language was asked telephonically to calculate the nature of their disability
after the inciting event of trauma. The CT severity score was then correlated with GOS at 3 months.
RESULTS: GOS and CT Rotterdam score are negatively related to each other with a value of -0.284 but are signicantly associated to each other
with p value of 0.009 thereby indicating that the patients with a higher modied Rotterdam score demonstrated poorer recovery 3 months after
the traumatic insult in form of lower Glasgow outcome score.
CONCLUSION: Use of CT based Rotterdam criteria in routine reporting is critical in the initial evaluation and can also predict the prognosis of
patients with TBI.
STUDY OF PALMAR CREASES IN CHILDREN WITH MENTAL RETARDATION: A CASE CONTROL STUDY IN TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN NORTH INDIA
Authors: Kharb Aakanksha , Gupta Avni , Sethi Sujata
Published: August 2021

Introduction- Etiology of mental retardation is multi-factorial which include various genetic and environmental factors.
Minor physical anomalies are commonly observed in these children. Abnormal palmar creases are one of them.
Aim-To compare prevalence of abnormal palmar creases in children with mental retardation and typically developing children.
Methodology- Case controlled cross sectional study conducted on children with mental retardation and typically developing normal children.
Photographs of palm were clicked using high resolution camera, digitally saved and evaluated later on.
Results- The prevalence of abnormal palmar creases is increased in children with mental retardation. Correlation between increasing severity of
mental retardation and abnormal palmar creases was noticed only in the right hand.
Conclusion- Abnormal palmar creases are one of the minor physical anomalies found in children with mental retardation. Its presence would
prompt clinicians for early screening and diagnosis which would increase possibility of early intervention.
CASE REPORT: PLACENTAL POLYP PRESENTING AS A CASE OF SECONDARY POSTPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE
Authors: Roy Indrani , Kurian Sr Ancy M.
Published: August 2021

Placental polyp is one of the rare diseases that can affect women after delivery or abortion for indenite period which
forms a polypoidal mass in the uterus.1 The incidence of placental polyp is less than 0.25% of all pregnancies.2 The case
report is of a 41 year old woman, G8 P6L6 A1 who presented on postpartum day 19 and 30 with secondary postpartum haemorrhage. She
underwent check curettage on postpartum day 19 and was discharged. And had to undergo emergency hysterectomy on postpartum day 32 as she
presented in shock due to secondary postpartum haemorrhage and the histopathologic ndings were compatible with a placental polyp. Placental
polyp can be missed on ultrasound and blind procedure like curettage and histopathology gives a conrmatory diagnosis. In our study, the
diagnosis was conrmed by histopathology.
JESS IN THE TREATMENT OF HAND AND FOOT INJURIES –AN USEFUL ARSENAL AS DAY CARE MANAGEMENT TOOL.
Authors: Saha Pulak , Reang Santosh , V Naveen
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Small bone fractures of hand and feet are very common in a developing country like India and consist
of 15% to 20% among all patients presenting at trauma centre and orthopaedic opds. Small bone fractures such as
fractures of phalanx or metacarpals are often tend to be overlooked and of deemed as less serious in nature. However even a small deformity or
disability of hand and feet can hamper the functional and psychological wellbeing of a person in long term. The purpose of this study is to evaluate
the functional outcome and complications associated with application principles of JESS (Joshi's External Stabilization System) xation in
phalanx, metacarpal and metatarsals and their management as a day care procedure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective
observational study was done over a period of 1 year on 21 patients for injuries of metacarpal, phalanx and metatarsals and followed up for a
minimum period of 3 months post frame removal. RESULTS: Young patients constituted almost 60% of the study population. RTA, assault and
industrial / factory setup injury is most prevalent mode of injury. Over all closed injury patients had better functional outcome than open fractures.
CONCLUSION: JESS is a versatile, easy to use system that can be applied at a very average set up. Optimum management of comminuted, open
and unstable small bone fractures of hand and feet is possible with JESS. We advocate more extensive use of such a low cost and versatile system
in Indian setup where cost of treatment is a major factor for going forward with a treatment option.
CORRELATION BETWEEN POSITION OF RED RUBBER CATHETER ON X RAY AND GAP LENGTH IN TYPE C ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA (EA)
Authors: Singh Ankit , Tuteja Neeraj , Chaturvedi Vinita
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Gap length is important determinant for feasibility of primary repair in atresia and also
for the preparedness and prognosis of delayed or staged operative procedures. A diagnostic plain radiograph with a red
rubber catheter in situ might provide reliable information regarding the gap length without involving additional risk and cost. The present study
was conducted to assess the gap length between the two esophageal pouches by preoperative plain radiography with in situ red rubber catheter in
upper esophageal pouch and to know the correlation between position of red rubber catheter and measured gap length between upper and lower
pouch.
METHODOLOGY: Out of all patients admitted and diagnosed as gross's type C EA during September 2018 to November 2019 were included
in the present study. The data regarding clinical history, general and systemic examination, pre-operative investigations including plain
radiograph with in situ red rubber catheter and intraoperative measured gap length were recorded. Statistically correlation assessed between
position of red rubber catheter and intraoperatively measured gap length among patients with type c EA.
RESULTS: Total 283 patients were included in the present study. Radiologically position of red rubber catheter was found at level of T2, T3 and
T4 in 18.7%, 55.5% and 25.8% respectively. A correlation was found between the preoperative radiological assessments of position of red rubber
catheter with intra operatively measured gap length in this study and association between these two variable were found statistically signicant
(r=-0.66, P=0).
CONCLUSION: The preoperatively radiographic position of upper pouch should be assessed carefully to predict the gap width and it helps in
preparedness of surgical management of the patients.
CLINICO-MYCOLOGICAL PROFILE OF DERMATOPHYTOSIS AND DERMATOMYCOSIS AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL.
Authors: Chakradhar Kapaganty V , Begum Dilruba , Devi N Ruby , Roja Raya
Published: August 2021

This study was conducted to determine the common isolates causing dermatophytosis and other fungi causing
dermatomycosis in patients presenting with skin lesions with or without involvement of hair and nails. A total of 75
patients were included in the study with 86 distinctive clinical lesions, of which Tinea corporis (46.7%,) was the most predominant followed by T.
cruris (22.7%), T. unguium (14.7%) with a male to female ratio of 1.3:1. KOH mounts were made from samples and examined for fungal elements
and samples were sent to Microbiology laboratory for culture, and identication among them 77.3% were skin scrapings alone and 14.7% were
nail clippings along with skin scrapings and 8% were hair samples along with skin scrapings. Most common isolate was Trichophyton rubrum
(40%) followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (17.3%), Trichophyton tonsurans (9.3%), Microsporum gypseum (4%) and no fungal growth
was found in 17.3% of the samples. The study signies the importance of mycological examination in the diagnosis of dermatophytosis.
TEAR FILM EVALUATION IN CASES OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Authors: Meenakshi V. , Bhushan Saswathi , Jyothirmayi T.
Published: August 2021

AIM: To evaluate tear lm status in cases of Parkinson's Disease and compare with a study group
METHODS:50 patients of Parkinson's Disease and 50 age-gender matched controls were included in this study. Both
groups underwent detailed history regarding dry eye symptoms,tear lm evaluation using slit-lamp bio-microscopy, uorescein staining, tear
meniscus height, tear breakup time, Schirmer test, blink rate. Statistical analysis was done with Statistical Package for Social Sciences [SPSS] -
Version 22.0 Released 2013 version
RESULTS: There was a signicant difference between the various groups in terms of distribution of Meibomian Gland Disease 72.0% of the
Case group as compared to 40% of control group had Meibomian Gland Disease,There was a signicant difference between the various groups in
terms of distribution of Tear Meniscus Height <0.25Mm , Case group had the larger proportion of Tear Meniscus Height of <0.25Mm .There was
a signicant difference between the various groups in terms of distribution of Tear Breakup Time <5 Sec, Schirmer's Test <5Mm in 5Min and
Blink Rate <10 .There was no signicant difference between the various groups in terms of distribution of corneal Staining and dry eye
symptoms.
CONCLUSION: The study concluded that patient of Parkinson's disease had higher dry eye symptoms and Meibomian gland disease Also they
have reduced Tear miniscus height,Tear lm break up time,Schirmer test I and Blink rate
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT INITIATIVE IN CSSD AT A MATERNITY CARE HOSPITAL USING THE PDCA CYCLE TO SUPPORT KAIZEN (CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT)
Authors: Charan Raj Mede , Osmani Mohd Aamir , Kuma T Kiran
Published: August 2021

Background: The Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) is a service unit of the hospital responsible for providing
guaranteed sterile equipment/ instruments to all the departments of hospital for immediate use in patients care. Method:
During a 4-month period, in CSSD which caters two number of operation theatres and a 6 bedded Intensive care unit, a central laboratory and a
blood bank a study was done, we used PDCA approach to PLAN i.e., identify and analyze the problem, within CSSD and to “DO” i.e.,
implement changes in CSSD from the inputs given by all the stakeholders involved viz. CSSD technicians, staff, nursing ofcers and the
consultants. Subsequently PDCA approach was used to identify and analyze the problem, viable solutions were incorporated. Results : To
identify the problem process mapping and interactive sessions with the staff and it was identied that the main problem was inadequate quality in
the CSSD services. Our analysis also extracted that the Standard operating procedures were documented related to CSDD were found to be
inadequate with regard to the machine maintenance, staff training. The “Do” stage is where we checked for possible solutions or changes. By
carrying out a detailed process mapping of the CSSD work ow, an action was taken based on what was learned in the study and to incorporate
what we have learned from the test into wider changes, to plan new improvements and start the cycle. Conclusions : The interesting application
of PDCA cycle to improve Kaizen and the results achieved reinforces the usefulness of the Kaizen tools to improve business excellence. Using
the same facilities, it was possible for efcient space utilization, better improvement in Knowledge of the manpower, identied few gaps in the
material procurement and developed standard operating procedures to be followed which are on par to the national and international infection
control guidelines which resulted in better working conditions and efcient output from the central sterile supply department.
EVALUATION OF OVARIAN RESERVE IN FEMALE INFERTILITY
Authors: Keshri Renuka , Singh Chandni
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCTION: Infertility is not uncommon amongst females in reproductive age group. Different hormones like
antimullerian hormone (AmH) and FSH levels are expression of ovarian function. The changes in AmH level precedes
FSH level variation in detecting decline in ovarian function.
METHOD : In our study, we have assessed AmH level in different age groups of females suffering from infertility to evaluate ovarian reserve in
them.
RESULT : Our study shows that with advancing age ovarian function declines as evidenced by decrease in AmH level causing female infertility.
CONCLUSION : AmH level estimation is an important tool to assess ovarian reserve in female infertility. It is a simple, less expensive and
reliable test before further investigations to nd out other etiologies of infertility
A CASE REPORT OF SUCCESSFUL PREGNANCY OUTCOME IN UNICORNUATE UTERUS WITH KYPHOSCOLIOSIS
Authors: Reddy Gari Keerthi Somi , Nalini Y. Lakshmi , Sowjanya Sowjanya
Published: August 2021

Unicornuate uterus belongs to class U4 or Hemi-uterus classication according to the European society of human
reproduction and embryology (ESHRE). The incidence of Hemi-uterus is 1-2 %. It is associated with fetal survival of
40%. Kyphoscoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine in both coronal and sagittal planes. Prevalence varies from 0.3% to 15.3%. We present a
case of 27 years, unbooked primigravida with 34 weeks gestation with leaking per vagina and pain abdomen with breech presentation. She had
short stature and kyphoscoliosis. During caesarean section she was found to have unicornuate uterus with absent left fallopian tube and ovary.
A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF BREAST CANCER HISTOMORPHOLOGY AND ITS CORRELATION WITH ER/PR, HER 2NEU AND KI-67 EXPRESSION IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL AT KANPUR
Authors: Singh Mahendra , Dwivedi Shobha , Mishra Yukteshwar , Tripathi Sakshi
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND Breast carcinoma is the most well-known malignancy in women. Different predictive and prognostic
factors, for example, estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor
(Her2neu), and Ki67 could inuence breast carcinoma behaviour, yet to date no authoritative connection has been set up among them and breast
carcinoma subtypes. In this way present study was done to determine the interrelationships of these predictive and prognostic factors for breast
carcinoma.
METHODS In this cross sectional study, a total of 50 lumpectomy, modied radical mastectomy specimens of diagnosed carcinoma breast
were included in this study. The histopathological grading of the breast carcinoma was performed by Nottingham modication of the Bloom
Richardson grading system. All the cases went through immunohistochemistry for ER, PR, Her2neu and Ki67 expression. Association of ER,
PR, Her2neu and Ki67 with different histomorphology was established.
RESULTS The ER positivity was signicantly lower in tumors >5 cm size whereas Ki67was signicantly increased with increased tumor size.
The ER positivity was signicantly lower in high grade tumors as compared to low grade tumors. The positive ER, PR, Her2neu and Ki67 were
comparable in between premenopausal and post-menopausal age groups
CONCLUSION The present study concludes that ER, PR show inverse while ki67 showed a direct relationship with the tumor grade.
Correlation of histomorphology of breast tumor and Her2neu status could not be established.
A GLIMPSE ON PSYCHIATRY IN AYURVEDA PERSPECTIVE A REVIEW ON CHARAKA SAMHITA
Authors: Tanaya Rautaray Kshirabdhi , Mohanty Shiva Prasad
Published: August 2021

Mental health is an essential &integrative part of health. It is the foundation for well being and effective functioning of
individuals. The present world is slowly getting consumed by mental health issues every day, with millions are ghting
their own battle in trying to survive. Burden of mental disorders has risen over last few decades. Currently mental and behavioral disorders
account for about 13% of global burden of the disease. Mental disorders are among the leading causes of non-fatal diseases burden in India, but a
systematic understanding of their prevalence, disease burden &risk factors is not readily available now. If we evaluate developments in the eld of
mental health, the pace appears to be slow. Raising awareness and mobilizing efforts in support of mental health is necessary for addressing the
situation. Ayurveda has its own identity as most ancient and traditional system of medicine. Being a holistic science, Ayurveda explores the
symbiotic relationship among the mind, body, soul, the senses and their working. The holistic approach of Ayurveda signicantly results as a
complementary treatment method to Allopathic in various mental disorders. Hence an effort is made by the author for understanding the evolution
of various mental issues by exposition of the concepts as per Ayurvedic and Modern perspective related to psyche and scientic exploration of the
holistic approach of Ayurveda towards the mental health related issues
A CLINICAL STUDY ON LENS INDUCED GLAUCOMA IN PATIENTS ATTENDING GOVERNMENT GENERAL HOSPITAL,SRIKAKULAM.
Authors: Jyothirmai Tammana , Rekha BNS , Aparna Maridi , Meenakshi Vepa
Published: August 2021

AIM: To determine the prevalence and visual outcomes after cataract surgery in different LIG patients
METHODS:In this prospective study 50 patients were taken into study. Detailed history was taken and slit lamp
examination was done & IOP was recorded by AT. All the patients were treated preoperatively appropriately. Patients were operated with SICS
with PC IOL implantation and Peripheral Iridectomy.During follow up a detailed Ocular examination was done including Refraction using
snellens chart and IOP measurement with AT.
RESULTS: Among 50 patients 21(42%)were male patients and 29(58%)were female. Maximum patients had Phacomorphic Glaucoma
accounting 72% (36patients) and Phacolytic Glaucoma 24%. Highest percentage was among 40-49mmHg (52%) followed by 30-39mmHg
(36%) and >50mmHg (10%). Highest patients were between 10-19mmHg (76%). Visual acuity on admission, highest patients were seen in HM
positive (64%) followed by PL+(32%). Even No PL were also seen (4%). On follow up after 6weeks ,majority were seen between 6/12-
6/18(52%)
CONCLUSION: LIG is an important vision-threatening disease presenting as a painful red eye. It is remaining as one of the important cause of
Blindness not only because of Senile cataract but even after cataract surgery due to Glaucoma caused by neglected cataractous lens.Hence,
importance should be given for timely surgery for better visual outcome .
Covid-19 Pandemic R Effective Reproduction Number Based Correlation Dynamics
Authors: Jahan Md Saroar , BOUNAB Yazid , Arhab Nabil , Boudjemia Nacer
Published: August 2021

A comprehensive investigation on the variation of the Covid-19 pandemic adequate reproduction number (R) in four critical European countries is provided in this study as a function of the variations related to the weather, mobility, government responses, and epidemiology. In this study, an open data set about the Covid-19 pandemic is used for the analysis. The data contains newly recorded components with different metrics since the appearance of the COVID19 pandemic. The aim is to investigate the impact of the weather, mobility, and government restriction on the R values and pandemic. The appropriate statistical analyses are used to reveal the association and the effect of the various attributes to the R. In addition, multiple predictive models were applied.

The results show significant differences between studied countries and have different factors that influence the virus's spread.