bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional General-relativistic Simulations of Neutrino-driven Winds from Magnetized Proto–Neutron Stars
Authors: Desai Dhruv K. , Siegel Daniel M. , Metzger Brian D.
Published: September 2023

Formed in the aftermath of a core-collapse supernova or neutron star merger, a hot proto–neutron star (PNS) launches an outflow driven by neutrino heating lasting for up to tens of seconds. Though such winds are considered potential sites for the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements via the rapid neutron capture process (r-process), previous work has shown that unmagnetized PNS winds fail to achieve the necessary combination of high entropy and/or short dynamical timescale in the seed nucleus formation region. We present three-dimensional general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamical simulations of PNS winds which include the effects of a dynamically strong (B ≳ 1015 G) dipole magnetic field. After initializing the magnetic field, the wind quickly develops a helmet-streamer configuration, characterized by outflows along open polar magnetic field lines and a “closed” zone of trapped plasma at lower latitudes. Neutrino heating within the closed zone causes the thermal pressure of the trapped material to rise in time compared to the polar outflow regions, ultimately leading to the expulsion of this matter from the closed zone on a timescale of ∼60 ms, consistent with the predictions of Thompson. The high entropies of these transient ejecta are still growing at the end of our simulations and are sufficient to enable a successful second-peak r-process in at least a modest ≳1% of the equatorial wind ejecta.
Ram Pressure Stripping in the EAGLE Simulation
Authors: Kulier Andrea , Poggianti Bianca , Tonnesen Stephanie , Smith Rory , Ignesti Alessandro , Akerman Nina , Marasco Antonino , Vulcani Benedetta , Moretti Alessia , Wolter Anna
Published: September 2023

Ram pressure stripping of satellite galaxies is thought to be a ubiquitous process in galaxy clusters, and a growing number of observations reveal satellites at different stages of stripping. However, in order to determine the fate of any individual galaxy, we turn to predictions from either simulations or analytic models. It is not well determined whether simulations and analytic models agree in their predictions, nor the causes of disagreement. Here we investigate ram pressure stripping in the reference EAGLE hydrodynamical cosmological simulation, and compare the results to predictions from analytic models. We track the evolution of galaxies with stellar mass M
* > 109
M
⊙ and initial bound gas mass M
gas > 109
M
⊙ that fall into galaxy clusters (M
200c
> 1014
M
⊙) between z = 0.27 and z = 0. We divide each galaxy into its neutral gas disk and hot ionized gas halo and compare the evolution of the stripped gas fraction in the simulation to that predicted by analytic formulations for the two gas phases, as well as to a toy model that computes the motions of gas particles under the combined effects of gravity and a spatially uniform ram pressure. We find that the analytic models generally underpredict the stripping rate of neutral gas and overpredict that of ionized gas, with significant scatter between the model and simulation stripping timescales. This is due to opposing physical effects: the enhancement of ram pressure stripping by stellar feedback, and the suppression of stripping by the compaction of galactic gas.
Lambda Boo Abundance Characteristics in the T Tauri Star TWA 9A
Authors: Yüce Kutluay , Cowley Charles R. , Calvet Nuria , Micolta Marbely
Published: September 2023

Abundances in the weak-lined T Tauri star TWA 9A show enhanced volatile and somewhat depleted refractory elements. This resembles a pattern seen in some Herbig AeBe stars.
A Geologic Map of Vesta Produced Using a Hybrid Method for Incorporating Spectroscopic and Morphologic Data
Authors: Aileen Yingst R. , Mest Scott C. , Brent Garry W. , Williams David A. , Berman Daniel C. , Gregg Tracy K. P.
Published: September 2023

We have constructed a global geologic map of the minor planet Vesta at 1:300,000-scale using Dawn spacecraft imaging, spectroscopic, topographic, and elemental data. In this effort, we used a mapping method that requires creating two maps independently: the first map uses morphology and topography to define map units, while the second map relies on multispectral data (“color”) to define units. The two are then combined into a hybrid product that retains the maximum amount of unique information from both maps in a readable format. This effort has revealed that for bodies where cratering is the dominant unit-forming process, and where there is not a close correlation between morphological feature types and multispectral signal, a hybrid mapping method better retains unique information carried by multispectral data during the mapping process than traditional morphology-based methods alone. Conversely, relying too heavily on color data risks placing too much emphasis on information drawn from the top few microns of the surface. To ensure both consistency and retention of unique information, we created a decision tree for determining which data would be primary in choosing where to draw unit boundaries. Also due to the significant amount of information borne by spectral data, we repurposed traditional mapping nomenclature so that subscripts carry color information. We recommend using this mapping methodology on bodies where (a) morphologic feature boundaries are commonly subtle, gradational, or both, and (b) spectral data carries a significant amount of unique data for identifying, characterizing, and interpreting geologic units.
Will a Local Portal using Global Data Encourage the Mainstreaming of Biodiversity Informatics in Asia? In Taiwan, We Say Yes
Authors: Ko Jerome Chie-Jen , Chang Huiling , Chang Yihong , Yu You-Cheng , Ni Min-Hsuan , Wu Jun-Yi , Chen You Zhen
Published: September 2023

Five years ago, the value of biodiversity open data was scarcely recognized in Taiwan. This posed a significant challenge to the Taiwan Biodiversity Infomation Facility (TaiBIF), our national node of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), in its sustained efforts to enhance data publishing capacities. Notably, non-academic entities, both governmental and industrial, were reluctant to invest resources in data management and publication, questioning the benefits beyond purely research-oriented returns.

At the time, Taiwan had fewer than a million published records domestically, while GBIF held around 3 million occurrence records for Taiwan, largely unused by local users. We speculated that this discrepancy in data usage stemmed from three factors: (1) lack of species names in the local language within the occurrence data, (2) missing locally important species attributes, such as conservation status and national red list categories, and (3) absence of a culturally relatable local portal promoting biodiversity data usage.

To address these issues, we launched the Taiwan Biodiversity Network (TBN) website in 2018, localizing global data from GBIF and integrating missing information from local data sources. Collaborating with wildlife illustrators, we designed a user-friendly data interface to lessen the system's technical or academic barriers. This effort led to a doubling of website visitors and data download requests annually, and in recent years, biodiversity open data has become a vital component in environmental impact assessments. This upward trend heightened the recognition of the value of biodiversity open data, inciting organizations, such as initially data-conservative government agencies and private sectors with no obligatory data-sharing, to invest in data management and mobilization. This advancement also catalyzed the formation of the Taiwan Biodiversity Information Alliance (TBIA), actively promoting cross-organizational collaborations on data integration.

Today, Taiwan offers more than 19 million globally accessible occurrence records and data for more than 28,000 species. While the surge in data volume can certainly be credited to the active local citizen science community, we believe the expanded coverage of species and data types is a result of a growing community supportive of biodiversity open data. This was made possible by the establishment of a local portal that effectively bridged the gap between global data and local needs. We hope our experience will motivate other Asian countries to create analogous local portals using global open data sources like GBIF, illustrating the value of biodiversity open data to decision-makers and overcoming resource limitations that impede investments in biodiversity informatics.
Politisation et rapports ordinaires aux vaccins
Authors: Ward Jeremy K.
Published: September 2023

L’influence des identités et croyances politiques sur les attitudes à l’égard d’une grande diversité d’aspects de l’épidémie de Covid-19 a été soulignée dès les débuts de cette crise. Dans cet article, nous dressons un bilan de ce que les enquêtes par questionnaire réalisées au cours de l’épidémie nous disent de la relation entre vaccination et politisation. Nous souhaitons également faire un état des lieux des débats internationaux sur l’influence des identités politiques sur les attitudes à l’égard de la santé, la médecine et la science plus généralement. Les approches ancrées en psychologie cognitive et sociale dominent cette littérature. À partir du cas français, nous montrerons les apports, mais aussi les limites de ces approches. Nous proposerons certaines pistes d’articulation entre cette littérature et la sociologie française des rapports ordinaires à la politique. Ces pistes permettent de mieux comprendre la place que peuvent avoir les rapports ordinaires à la politique dans les rapports à la santé.
Le couple, un objet pour l’histoire des socialismes
Authors: Fabre Mélanie
Published: September 2023

Cet article cherche à montrer la pertinence d’une entrée par le couple pour analyser l’histoire des socialismes au tournant du xix e  et du xx e  siècle. Après avoir proposé une courte mise au point historiographique sur le couple formé par Louise et Jean Jaurès, il analyse les traits communs à divers couples socialistes actifs à peu près à la même période, dont Georges Sorel et Marie David, Lalla et Émile Vandervelde, Albert et Madeleine Thomas, Marie-Thérèse et Fernand Maurette, Madeleine Vernet et Louis Tribier, Jean-Richard et Marguerite Bloch. Ce texte propose enfin une mise en perspective historique de la manière dont les socialistes conçoivent le couple idéal au xix e  et au xx e  siècle, cette question étant loin de faire l’unanimité à gauche et à l’extrême-gauche, entre saint-simoniens ou libertaires partisans d’une profonde réforme de l’institution matrimoniale et proudhoniens ou communistes attachés à maintenir l’ordre du foyer.
Marie-Thérèse et Fernand Maurette-Dupuy : un couple de pédagogues socialistes réformateurs
Authors: Carrupt Roland
Published: September 2023

Cet article analyse la trajectoire d’un couple de pédagogues socialistes réformateurs parisiens, Marie-Thérèse et Fernand Maurette-Dupuy. À Genève entre 1924 et 1937, Fernand travaille au BIT et Marie-Thérèse dirige l’École internationale de Genève, créée par des pédagogues genevois et des couples de fonctionnaires internationaux. Cette école s’inspire des expériences pédagogiques pratiquées au Collège Sévigné à Paris et porte une attention particulière sur l’actualité contemporaine par des cours d’histoire et de géographie. Elle soutient également les organisations internationales dans leur promotion de la paix.
Jaurès et ses lettres à la « Marquise ». Vie et mort d’un couple d’intellectuels face au tragique de l’histoire
Authors: Duclert Vincent
Published: September 2023

Le couple militant formé par le socialiste Jean Jaurès et la salonnière et républicaine marquise Arconati-Visconti est des plus particuliers, amical et non amoureux. Fondée sur une affinité intellectuelle, leur correspondance révèle le poids des amitiés dans le militantisme vécu de partage, sujet comme pour les couples amoureux de passions et de ruptures, paramètres essentiels à prendre en compte pour l’histoire de la vie intellectuelle.
La polyvalence dans le commerce et les services. Recomposition de la division du travail et subordination accrue
Authors: Gardes Cyrine
Published: September 2023

Dans cet article, nous proposons de saisir la polyvalence, caractéristique de nombreux métiers de service, à partir du cas de la distribution low cost, où celle-ci est mise en place de façon accentuée, à des fins de réduction des coûts. Le texte s’appuie sur deux enquêtes ethnographiques, dans le low cost du bricolage et dans le hard-discount alimentaire. D’abord, le phénomène s’appréhende dans la comparaison avec les pratiques et la division du travail dans le secteur de la grande distribution : dans le low cost , une multitude d’activités aux logiques différenciées, supposant la circulation à travers les rayons, a cours, ce qui le distingue des magasins classiques. La polyvalence se comprend ensuite à partir de ses effets sur les salariés, combinant débordement et ajustements. Enfin, des appropriations différenciées de la polyvalence sont également observables, suivant les caractéristiques sociales et professionnelles des salariés.
Purpose, Planning, and Individualization of Master of Science in Nursing Capstone Experiences: An Integrative Review
Authors: Elliott Brenda , Dyar Kelly
Published: September 2023

Background:

Graduate-level education programs use capstone experiences for students to demonstrate achieving essential learning and programmatic outcomes. However, a lack of standardization of these experiences and outcome measurements could result in varying competencies among students with the same degree. Employers seeking specific skills may find this problematic, and graduates may feel unprepared for new roles, which could hinder transition.

Method:

A systematic search of nine databases was conducted to identify: (1) the essential characteristics of master in nursing capstones and (2) the assessments programs use to demonstrate achievement of program outcomes.

Results:

Synthesis and analysis of six sources of evidence revealed uniform agreement in purpose, planning, and individualization of experiences, yet ways of assessing student achievement of program outcomes were less clear and varied widely.

Conclusion:

Capstone experiences should be relevant to graduate-level education and include mapping to program outcomes to ensure students' competency and readiness to transition into their new role.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2023;62(9):502–508.]
Upper semi-continuity of pullback attractors for bipolar fluids with delay
Authors: Liu Guowei , Xu Hao , Zhao Caidi
Published: September 2023

We investigate bipolar fluids with delay in a $ 2D $ channel $ \Sigma = \mathbb{R}\times (-K, K) $ for some $ K > 0 $. The channel $ \Sigma $ is divided into a sequence of simply connected, bounded, and smooth sub-domains $ \Sigma_n (n = 1, 2, 3\cdot\cdot\cdot) $, such that $ \Sigma_n\rightarrow \Sigma $ as $ n\rightarrow \infty $. The paper demonstrates that the pullback attractors in the sub-domains $ \Sigma_n $ converge to the pullback attractor in the entire domain $ \Sigma $ as $ n\rightarrow \infty. $
Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Prediction Using Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Paul Victer , Paul Bivek Benoy , Raju R.
Published: September 2023

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of visual loss and with timely diagnosis, this condition can be prevented. This research proposes a transfer learning-based model that is trained using retinal fundus images of patients whose severity is graded by trained ophthalmologists into five different classifications. The research uses transfer learning based on a pre-trained model that is ResNet 50, thus it is possible to train the model with the limited amount of labeled training data. The model has been trained and its accuracy has been analyzed using different metrics namely accuracy score, loss graph and confusion matrix. Such deep learning models need to be transparent for approval by the regulatory authorities for clinical use. The clinical practitioner also needs to have information about the working of the classification method to make sure that he/she understands the decision making process of the model.
Analysis of Multimedia Feature Extraction Technology in College Vocal Performance Teaching Mode Based on Multimodal Multimedia Information
Authors: Nie Weijuan , Ng Wan
Published: September 2023

This article is based on the application research of multimedia feature extraction technology in the development of vocal performance teaching in universities. Combining with the core image and sound modules in feature extraction technology, this article proposes an application model of multimedia feature extraction technology based on image HOG algorithm and Mel spectrum for vocal audio recognition in vocal performance teaching in universities. Experiments have shown that the features extracted by this method can not only effectively identify the styles of different types of singing works, but also recognize the personality characteristics of singers. At the same time, it can effectively reduce the misclassification rate caused by noise interference, thereby improving the recognition rate.
Impact of Xanthan Gum on Stability and Rheological Properties of Multiple Emulsions Type Water-in-Oil-in-Water
Authors: Aguenarous Amira , Larbi Hammadi , Moussaoui-Khedam Nassima
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study was to improve the stability and rheological properties of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsions containing 30 wt% paraffin oil, and 4 wt% polyglycerol-3-polycinoleate (PGPR) as a lipophilic surfactant. This was done by adding different concentrations of xanthan gum (GX) and the hydrophilic surfactants (Polyoxyethylene (80) sorbitan monooleate (Tween® 80), poloxamer 407(Lutrol® F127) using the emulsification in a two-steps process. The stability of the W/O/W multiple emulsions was analyzed over one-month storage period using physicochemical and rheological measurements. An excellent structure appeared with 0.175 wt% of xanthan gum in the outer aqueous phase and 1 wt% of Tween® 80. The modified Cross model was successfully applied to fit the flow curves of multiple W/O/W emulsions at different concentrations of xanthan gum. The incorporation of xanthan gum in a concentration range of 0.05-0.175 wt% induced an increase in the yield stress, in the zero-shear rate viscosity, and in the infinite shear rate viscosity of the multiple emulsions. The study also showed that adding xanthan gum in a concentration range of 0.05-0.175 wt% to W/O/W emulsions caused an increase in the viscosity of the system in the Newtonian regime and viscoelastic behavior.
Review of Research on Conductive Cement-Based Material
Authors: Li Te , Tier Laire
Published: September 2023

The conductivity of cement-based materials is usually poor, and this material is not a common conductive material. However, with the rapid development of Internet of Things technology in recent years, the rise of smart cities has brought more and more opportunities and needs, and conductive cement-based materials have emerged. Conductive cement-based material is a new type of composite material. The conductive material is added to the cement-based material to reduce its resistance and enhance the conductive properties of the material. The material can not only be applied to the construction of smart cities, such as smart street lamps and smart roads but also can be widely used in buildings, public transportation, and other fields. In the study of conductive cement-based materials, the size and shape of conductive materials have a direct impact on the electrical conductivity of cement-based materials. This is because the dispersion of the conductive material has a significant effect on the conductivity, and the size and shape of the conductive material can determine its dispersion. Secondly, in the application environment of cement-based materials, factors such as humidity and cracks may affect electrical conductivity. Therefore, to ensure the stability and reliability of conductive cement-based materials, a large number of experimental studies are needed to optimize the dispersion and shape of conductive materials and to understand the performance of materials in different environments. The research of conductive cement-based materials is of great significance to the construction of smart cities in the future. This conductive material has great application prospects, which can not only improve the intelligent level of urban infrastructure but also bring more social and economic benefits.
Book Review: Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communication Perspective, George E. Belch, Michael E. Belch, and Keyoor Purani (McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited, Special Indian Edition (2013) Pages: 1016)
Authors: De Silva W. V.
Published: September 2023

No abstract available
Frequency and seasonality of viable Helicobacter pylori in drinking water in Dhamar Governorate, Yemen
Authors: Almashhadany Dhary Alewy , Mayas Sara Mohammed , Omar Jiyan Ali , Muslat Thaera A. M.
Published: September 2023

Helicobacter pylori is an important and common bacterial pathogen in humans. The accumulated evidence of H. pylori's existence in water from different environmental sources suggests a water-borne transmission route. This study aimed at investigating the occurrence of H. pylori in different water sources used by human populations in Dhamar Governorate, Yemen. 250 samples were randomly collected from the municipal water supply network, wells, and springs. The samples were processed, plated onto modified campy-blood agar, and incubated under microaerobic conditions for 4-10 days. Bacterial identification was based on morphological properties and biochemical tests. Bacteriological analysis showed that 9.6% and 13.2% of tap and surface water samples were contaminated with H. pylori, respectively. Despite a higher frequency in samples from rural areas, these were not significantly (p=0.068) more contaminated than the samples from urban areas. Regarding the seasonal variations of H. pylori detection, 85.71% of positive samples were detected in the late winter and spring seasons (February to May). To conclude, H. pylori transmission through water is likely to occur in Dhamar Governorate. Further prospective studies are highly recommended to provide further evidence and a clearer picture of H. pylori transmission.
Identification of hub genes associated with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular cancer using weighted gene co-expression network analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis
Authors: Wu Wenze , Lin Fang , Chen Zifan , Wu Kejia , Ma Changhuan , Zhuang Jing , Sun Donglin , Zhu Qiang , Shi Longqing
Published: September 2023

Background. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the main pathogen of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the mechanisms of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression are practically unknown. Materials and Methods. The results of RNA-sequence and clinical data for GSE121248 and GSE17548 were accessed from the Gene Expression Omnibus data library. We screened Sangerbox 3.0 for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to select core modules and hub genes, and protein-protein interaction network module analysis also played a significant part in it. Validation was performed using RNA-sequence data of cancer and normal tissues of HBV-related HCC patients in the cancer genome atlas-liver hepatocellular cancer database (TCGA-LIHC). Results. 787 DEGs were identified from GSE121248 and 772 DEGs were identified from GSE17548. WGCNA analysis indicated that black modules (99 genes) and grey modules (105 genes) were significantly associated with HBV-related HCC. Gene ontology analysis found that there is a direct correlation between DEGs and the regulation of cell movement and adhesion; the internal components and external packaging structure of plasma membrane; signaling receptor binding, calcium ion binding, etc. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis found out the association between cytokine receptors, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, and viral protein interactions with cytokines were important and HBV-related HCC. Finally, we further validated 6 key genes including C7, EGR1, EGR3, FOS, FOSB, and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 by using the TCGALIHC. Conclusions. We identified 6 hub genes as candidate biomarkers for HBV-related HCC. These hub genes may act as an essential part of HBV-related HCC progression.
Relazioni di supervisione
Authors: Buechler Sandra
Published: September 2023

L’esperienza come tirocinante e come supervisore mi ha insegnato quanto possano essere ansiosi i clinici alle prime armi. All’inizio della nostra carriera, possiamo avere un’ampia conoscenza della teoria, ma non abbiamo ancora fiducia nella nostra capacità di aiutare i pazienti. Come possono i supervisori affrontare questo problema? Questo articolo si concentra sull’aiutare i clinici alle prime armi a sviluppare quello che io chiamo un ‘coro interno’. Questo oggetto interiore fornisce una risorsa per affrontare i momenti più vulnerabili del clinico con i pazienti. Viene fornita un’illustrazione di un ‘coro interno’.
Divenire psicoanalisti: la supervisione come momento centrale della formazione
Authors: Tricoli Maria Luisa
Published: September 2023

Non da molto la supervisione psicoanalitica ha iniziato ad essere considerata come il momento più significativo della formazione, per il suo aspetto di lavoro sul campo che la distingue sia dall’analisi personale sia dai seminari teorici. Il supervisore, nella sua qualità di esperto di teoria e di clinica, si propone di suscitare nell’allievo la capacità di sviluppare un ragionamento clinico attraverso l’esperienza che fa di sé nella relazione con il paziente in un contesto di cura. Grazie alla comprensione e all’approfondimento delle proprie configurazioni, il giovane analista può cogliere quegli aspetti del paziente, strutturati su determinanti inconsci, che inizialmente sfuggono alla consapevolezza. Per svolgere questo compito, è innanzi tutto necessario che chi si accinge a svolgere l’attività di supervisore abbia chiari a sé stesso i concetti cui fa riferimento nella sua pratica clinica; inoltre, è indispensabile che solleciti le emozioni e la riflessività dell’allievo, non limitandosi a proporre la propria teoria e tanto meno le tecniche che egli stesso seguirebbe nella conduzione del caso. L’Autrice elenca poi le finalità che ritiene si debbano perseguire nell’attività di supervisione, pervenendo alla conclusione che, per essere realmente formativa, la supervisione debba trasmettere al giovane clinico un metodo di conoscenza autoriflessivo, venendo guidato a riconoscersi in ciò che dice e fa con il suo paziente.
La figura paterna per una coppia lesbica che sta facendo procreazione medicalmente assistita: risposta ai commenti al caso
Authors: Nico Giuliana
Published: September 2023

Ringrazio le colleghe che hanno commentato il racconto del caso di Lia. Nei loro interventi colgo vari elementi che mi sembrano molto coerenti con l’interpretazione che io ho dato al caso. Entrambe sottolineano la presenza di ‘rotture/fallimenti/estraneità’ nella storia personale e terapeutica di Lia e approfondiscono il legame tra la rabbia e la storia di Lia, cercando una risposta al problema della sua persistenza. Collegano questo vissuto con il bisogno di riconoscimento, di essere accettata, di accoglienza della propria soggettività. [...]
Glucolipotoxicity Suppressed Autophagy and Insulin Contents in Human Islets, and Attenuation of PERK Activity Enhanced Them in an ATG7-Dependent Manner
Authors: Moon Seoil , Lim Ji Yoon , Lee Mirang , Han Youngmin , Kim Hongbeom , Kwon Wooil , Jang Jin-Young , Kim Mi Na , Park Kyong Soo , Jung Hye Seung
Published: September 2023

Background: Administration of pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum kinase inhibitor (PERKi) improved insulin secretion and hyperglycemia in obese diabetic mice. In this study, autophagic balance was studied whether to mediate it.Methods: Human islets were isolated from living patients without diabetes. PERKi GSK2606414 effects were evaluated in the islets under glucolipotoxicity by palmitate. Islet insulin contents and secretion were measured. Autophagic flux was assessed by microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) conversion, a red fluorescent protein (RFP)-green fluorescent protein (GFP)- LC3 tandem assay, and P62 levels. For mechanical analyses, autophagy was suppressed using 3-methyladenine in mouse islets. Small interfering RNA for an autophagy-related gene autophagy related 7 (Atg7) was transfected to interfere autophagy.Results: PERKi administration to mice decreased diabetes-induced P62 levels in the islets. Glucolipotoxicity significantly increased PERK phosphorylation by 70% and decreased insulin contents by 50% in human islets, and addition of PERKi (40 to 80 nM) recovered both. PERKi also enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (6-fold). PERKi up-regulated LC3 conversion suppressed by glucolipotoxicity, and down-regulated P62 contents without changes in P62 transcription, indicating enhanced autophagic flux. Increased autophagosome-lysosome fusion by PERKi was visualized in mouse islets, where PERKi enhanced ATG7 bound to LC3. Suppression of Atg7 eliminated PERKi-induced insulin contents and secretion.Conclusion: This study provided functional changes of human islets with regard to autophagy under glucolipotoxicity, and suggested modulation of autophagy as an anti-diabetic mechanism of PERKi.
“Ayoub-Shklar” as a Special Stain for Keratin: A Histopathological Study
Authors: Dineja Raman , Prasad Harikrishnan , Chinthu KenniyanKumar Sri , Rajmohan Muthusamy
Published: September 2023

Background:

Special stains in histopathological studies are used to identify the structures with different dyes apart from the routine stain hematoxylin and Eosin (H and E). The component which is present in the special stains will have a specific bond and affinity for particular tissue components in the histological specimen. Structures like keratin takes up an eosinophilic stain in routine (H and E) staining. Most of the potentially malignant disorders and carcinomas arise due to the keratinization defect, which makes keratin an important diagnostic tool. There are different stains such as Ayoub-Shklar (A-S), Dane-Herman (D-H), and rapid Papanicolaou (PAP) which is used to identify keratin. In A-S stain, keratins can be stained in magenta-red and orange colors.

Aim:

we compared A-S special stain and routine stain in terms of staining intensity or quality, the pattern of staining, and specificity for staining keratin.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty cases from the department archives that included 10 well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, 10 verrucous carcinoma, and 10 epithelial dysplasia were taken and each case was stained with both A-S and H and E stain.

Results:

A-S showed an almost equal distribution of uniform and patchy staining patterns, but H and E showed more patchy staining patterns in the three groups. H and E stain shows good staining quality than A-S. A-S shows almost 90% of satisfactory staining specificity.

Conclusion:

Special stain like A-S stain can be used to stain keratin in different color, but H and E always remain gold standard stain.
Lingual frenulum length: A prospecting link to craniofacial morphology in adults
Authors: Biswas Priya , Agarwal Neha , Saha Puja , Ansari Nahid , Choudhary Susmita , Sharma Prativa
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVES:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of the length of the lingual frenulum with the craniofacial morphology in adults.

METHOD AND MATERIALS:

The study comprised a total of 144 subjects, aged 18 to 28 years, divided into 3 groups (48 in each group), based on ANB angle i.e., Skeletal Class I, Skeletal Class II & Skeletal Class III. To measure the length of the lingual frenulum direct and indirect methods were used. A Lingual frenulum ruler was used for direct measurement and the differences between the maximum mouth opening reduction (MMOR) with and without the tip of the tongue touching the incisive papilla measurement were taken for the indirect method. A lateral cephalogram was collected from each subject and a cephalometric analysis was done to assess craniofacial morphology. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and the significance of the mean difference between (inter) the groups was done by Tukey's HSD (honestly significant difference) post hoc test after ascertaining normality by Shapiro-Wilk's test and homogeneity of variance between groups by Levene's test

RESULTS:

The lingual frenulum length and maximum mouth opening reduction were significantly increased in the Skeletal Class III subjects with a statistically significant value of P < 0.001 when compared with the Skeletal Class I and Skeletal Class II subjects.

CONCLUSION:

A balance in the teeth positioning is maintained by orofacial musculature and any disturbance which occurs in this, results in malocclusion. Malocclusion can result in a long lingual frenulum that pushes the mandibular anterior forwards. Hence, the malocclusion and lingual frenulum length relationship are essential to eliminate the erratic forces and to attain excellent results, following the elimination of malocclusion.
Prevalence of orthodontic treatment needs in permanent dentition in the population of Gulf Cooperation Council countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Shivanna Praveen B. , Gopalakrishna Vidyullatha B.
Published: September 2023

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to comprehensively analyze the existing information on the prevalence of the need for orthodontic treatment in the permanent dentition stage among populations in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. For observational studies in GCC countries, the key terms were electronically searched in Science Direct, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Reviews, Google Scholar, and Sage databases (1990–2021). The bias risk for the selected studies was evaluated using the modified Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement. Thirteen studies reported on the prevalence of orthodontic treatment needs among 33,134 children in GCC countries in permanent dentition with an age range of 11–19 years satisfied the inclusion criteria. Out of the 13 studies, 9 reported on the prevalence of malocclusion, 11 reported on the prevalence of occlusal traits, and 12 reported on the prevalence of orthodontic treatment needs as per the Dental Health Component (DHC) of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), 4 reported as per both DHC and Aesthetic Component (AC) of IOTN, and 1 reported as per only AC of IOTN. Meta-analysis of the included studies indicated that the pooled malocclusion prevalence rate was 10.60% (confidence interval [CI] 95%: 0.093–0.076) with 8.58% Class I (CI 95%: 0.074–0.188), 2.09% Class II (CI 95%: 0.014–0.058), and 0.93% Class III (CI 95%: 0.005–0.018) malocclusions. The most prevalent type of occlusal trait was spacing (13.10%, CI 95%: 0.018–0.169), followed by crowding (4.96%, CI 95%: 0.017–0.091). The pooled prevalence of borderline and definite needs for orthodontic treatment based on DHC and AC of IOTN was 0.82% (CI 95%: 0.014–0.035), 1.13% (CI 95%: 0.011–0.091), 4.08% (CI 95%: 0.009–0.114), and 2.06% (CI 95%: 0.002–0.048), respectively. The findings were heterogeneous (P < 0.05). These findings indicated that the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs was not high in the GCC population.
Shear strength of metal brackets using LED lamps with different wavelengths: An in vitro comparative study
Authors: Mauricio Franco , Medina Julia , Mauricio-Vilchez Cesar , Vilchez Luzmila , Mendoza Roman , Mayta-Tovalino Frank
Published: September 2023

AIM:

To evaluate the shear strength of Orthocem and BracePaste polymerizable cement light-cured with light-emitting diode (LED) units with different wavelengths (Bluephase N) with their high power, low power, and soft start programs in the bonding of metal brackets.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In vitro experimental research was performed. Mini Roth 0.022 metal brackets (Roth Orthometric brackets) were used. The adhesives were placed on the metal brackets with Orthocem and BracePaste resin cement. To compare the average strengths, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used (P < 0.05).

RESULTS:

The average shear strength was better with Bracepaste polymerizable cement compared to Orthocem cement in all its high power, low power, and soft star programs; the highest was Bracepaste with soft start of 26.52 MPa, and the lowest was Orthocem with soft start of 13.92 MPa. When evaluating the differences, it was found that these were statistically significant in all groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Differences were found in the shear strength of light-curing Orthocem and Bracepaste light-curing cement cured with LED units with different wavelengths in bonding metal brackets to the tooth in vitro.
Unusual systemic and nondental effects of maxillary expansion therapy: A comprehensive and updated review of literature
Authors: Khan Mohammad Kamran , Sharma Divya Sanjay , Jindal Mahendra Kumar
Published: September 2023

In dental practice, pediatric patients with a wide range of manifestations of malocclusion viz. crossbite, dental crowding, and skeletal Class III due to transverse discrepancy of the abnormally constricted maxilla or palate are found. However, the dental management of such kind of malocclusion with narrow palate needs a meticulous dental evaluation. Appliances used for treating such malocclusion conditions may include Slow-Maxillary Expansion (SME) or Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) orthodontic or orthopedic appliances. Considerable success has been described in the literature using the maxillary/palatal expansion modality. Unusual systemic and nondental effects of expansion appliances therapy have been described in some scientific studies. However, no comprehensive review article has been published describing the nondental and systemic effects of RME/SME therapy in Pediatric Dentistry. Considering the above scenarios, the updated and comprehensive review of the relevant literature is necessary for health professionals. Dental professionals including pediatric dentists and orthodontists need to consider such untoward or unexpected effects of RME/SME treatment modality. Hence, the current comprehensive review article has been written with the aim to meticulously describe the relevant scientific literature about nondental/extraoral and systemic effects of RME/SME appliances.
Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among adolescents in Najran City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alyami Dhafer , Alharbi Adel , Hatan Yousef , Asiri Yahya M. , Alharthy Hussein , Alogaibi Yahya Abdullah
Published: September 2023

AIM:

To determine the prevalence of malocclusions and the need for orthodontic treatment in a sample of school-going adolescents in the Najran city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

METHODOLOGY:

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1094 school-going Saudi male adolescents. The age range of the sampled adolescents was 13–18 years, and none of them had any history of orthodontic treatment. A survey chart related to malocclusion was designed and filled up after clinical examination by a single experienced and calibrated examiner. The need for orthodontic treatment was assessed using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN).

RESULT:

The present study's findings demonstrated 61.2% of the samples with Angle's Class I malocclusions, 27.5% with Class II, and 11.4% of samples with Class III malocclusion. A significant difference was observed between the different classes of malocclusion (P < 0.001). Most samples presented normal overjet, crossbite, and no reverse overjet, deep bite, or open bite. The number of samples with no treatment need was 573 (52.37%), with slight treatment in 185 (16.91%) samples, moderate treatment needs in 123 (11.24%) samples, and severe and extreme treatment needs were 109 (9.96%) and 104 (9.50%), respectively. A significant difference was observed between the samples with no or slight treatment need (grades 1 and 2), moderate need (grade 3), and definite treatment need (grades 4 and 5) (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:

The prevalence of malocclusion and IOTNs among the sample of school-going adolescents in the Najran city was 47.63%. However, 9.63% of those samples required immediate attention for orthodontic treatment.
Orthodontic urgencies and their management during COVID-19 pandemic-A web-based survey
Authors: Sreehari S , Shibin P Muhammed , Sundareswaran Shobha , Parayaruthottam Prathapan , Jisha Baby
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVES:

This investigation aimed to evaluate the most common orthodontic urgencies, their management, and changes in routine biosafety measures and the total income of the dental office in South India during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS:

A questionnaire was drafted using Google Forms with questions in four domains pertaining to orthodontic urgencies, biosafety measures, treatment duration, and income. After validation, this questionnairewas sent to 750 orthodontists via WhatsApp messenger (WhatsApp Inc, Menlo Park, Calif) over a period of 14 days. Descriptive statistics and comparisons were performed using independent t- and Chi-square tests.

RESULTS:

Majority of the orthodontists (62.3%) had closed their clinics only during the first lockdown. Many (63%) had scheduled urgent appointments along with routine limited patients per day. The most frequent urgencies were related to the breakage of brackets, archwires, molar tubes, bands, and temporary anchorage devices. Aligners were the least problematic. The treatment time was also prolonged. Telephonic advice and virtual assistance via WhatsApp messages/videos were found to be successful in the management of urgencies. Most orthodontists had strengthened their routine biosafety measures. The financial impact of this pandemic was considerable, with nearly 50% reduction in total income.

CONCLUSIONS:

Urgencies linked to preadjusted edgewise appliances, such as breakage of brackets and tubes, and archwire-related injuries were the most common. Prolongation of treatment time and negative financial impact were the other problems encountered during this pandemic. Drastic changes had occurred in routine biosafety measures, which prevented the spread of infection among orthodontists and patients.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of nutrition and its impact on orthodontic treatment/management
Authors: Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Abutayyem Huda , Alswairki Haytham Jamil , Hajeer Mohammad Younis , Alogaibi Yahya Abdullah
Published: September 2023

The nutritional needs already increased by adolescent growth, activity, and stress are further exacerbated by the physical, physiological, and psychological stress that orthodontic treatment causes. Hence, the main objective of this systematic review was to analyze the relationship between adequate nutrition and its impact on orthodontic treatment success rates. Using relevant keywords, reference searches, and citation searches, the databases such as PubMed–Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus were all searched. “Diet,” “Minerals,” “Nutrition,” “Orthodontics,” and “Vitamins” were the search terms used to scour the database. The 10 studies selected for the systematic review and subsequent meta-analysis could not conclusively establish the correlation between proper nutrition and its impact on orthodontic treatment of the patient. There was virtually little connection between patients' dietary intake and the effectiveness of their orthodontic treatment. Additionally, a direct causal link between the two could not be established legitimately because the majority of the studies reviewed only noted an impact during the early stages of the treatment.

PROSPERO Registration Number:

CRD42022380828
Subacute thyroiditis after COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Ganie Mohd Ashraf , Rashid Haroon , Qadir Ajaz , Bajaj Sarita , Joshi Shashank R , Kalra Pramila , Rajput Rajesh , Gupta Sushil K. , Pillai Mini G. , Jabbar Puthiyaveettil K. , Ghosh Sujoy , Rao Himagirish K. , Menon Arun S. , Seshadri Krishna
Published: September 2023

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a relatively mild and self-limiting thyroid disease caused by a viral or postviral inflammatory process. Besides infection, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccines may have a role in SAT pathogenesis; however, the exact mechanism remains unknown. A systematic review was conducted to look into the published cases of postvaccination SAT, evaluate their clinical characteristics, symptom resolution rate, and determine differences in clinicodemographic characteristics according to vaccine type. PubMed, WHO COVID-19, The Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Embase, and Scopus were searched until April 11, 2022. Original articles of any design reporting SAT due to COVID-19 vaccination were included. The quality assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s Critical Appraisal Checklist for studies. Thirty-five articles including 86 cases were retrieved and included for analysis. Of the 86 patients, 68 (79.1%) were female. The median age of the patients at the time of SAT onset was 41 (interquartile range [IQR] 35–50) years, and they developed SAT after a median of 10 (IQR 5–15) days’ postvaccination. The incidence of cases was more in Asian countries (60.4%), and most of these cases were receiving non-mRNA vaccines (P = 0.019). In most of the cases, T3 (73%), T4 (77%), and inflammatory markers (90%) were high, while thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH] (86%) was low. Median TSH, free T3, and free T4 were 0.018 (IQR 0.01–0.085) mIU/L, 3.87 (IQR 1.9–6.8) pg/mL, and 2.44 (IQR 1.58–3.5) ng/dL, respectively. C-reactive-protein 28.6 mg/L (IQR 6.3–79.5) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate 60 mm/h (IQR 41.5–76.5) were elevated. Of 70 cases receiving therapy, 71.4% were treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 44.3% with steroids, and 37.1% with beta-blockers. The overall symptom resolution rate was 77.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 66%–85%), and the female subjects were more likely to achieve resolution (odds ratio 4.98; 95% CI: 1.48–16.8; P = 0.010). Despite these trends, vaccination against COVID-19 is recommended since SAT is exceedingly uncommon and, because it is self-limiting, is often linked with favorable clinical evolution and long-term outcomes.