bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Noncovalent Interactions in Halogenated Pyridinium Salts of the Weakly Coordinating Anion [Al(OTeF5)4]−
Authors: Kotsyuda Sofiya , Toraman Ahmet N. , Voßnacker Patrick , Ellwanger Mathias A. , Steinhauer Simon , Müller Carsten , Riedel Sebastian
Published: October 2022

The synthesis and the first structural characterization of the halogenated pyridinium salts [C5F5NH]+, [C5F4ClNH]+, [(C5F5N)2H]+, [(C5Cl5N)2H]+ of the weakly coordinating anion (WCA) [Al(OTeF5)4]−, showing noncovalent interactions in the solid state, are presented. The salts were characterized by the multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as X‐ray diffraction. Hirshfeld surface analysis and solid state structures reveal various intermolecular anion‐π and σ‐hole interactions between the corresponding halogenated pyridinium cations and the anion [Al(OTeF5)4]−.
An improved correlation for dry pressure losses across static mixers at high Reynolds numbers
Authors: Lowry Evan , Krishnamoorthy Gautham
Published: October 2022

Corrugated (SMV‐style) static mixers are industrially important for process intensification and can promote gas–liquid mass transfer in processes such as sour gas sweetening. Current correlations for pressure loss are limited to Reynolds numbers (Re) below 40 000, far below the ranges encountered in natural gas systems (105 < Re < 107). An experimental and numerical study of pressure drop across multiple corrugated mixers in the range of 104 < Re <2 × 105encompassing different configurations (aligned, rotated), pipe diameters (1–4 in.), and sand grain surface roughness values (10–5000 μm) is reported here. Our previous correlation for pressure loss across a single corrugated element is shown to be extendable to multiple corrugated mixing elements. Through the inclusion of mixer tortuosity (τ), porosity (ε), and macro‐scale (geometric) wall roughness (e), the correlation also matches historical pressure drop data (at differentτ,ε) reported in literature, thereby demonstrating the utility of these variables as parameters that can help optimize mixer performance. Experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling revealed that the rotated configuration increased the residence time by up to 13% in comparison to the aligned configuration. This may have implications on the selective absorption of sour gas components that are based on fast kinetics. In addition, the role of wall roughness (both pipe housing and mixer) was demonstrated to be significant in this study (accounting for 55% of the pressure losses) and must be accurately accounted for when scaling laboratory measurements.
Insight into the Stability and Properties of Zn‐Doped KH2PO4 Crystal by Hybrid Density Functional Theory
Authors: Li Yang , Jiang Xuanyu , Wu Pengcheng , Zhang Lisong , Liu Baoan , Li Yanlu , Zhao Xian , Sun Xun , Xu Mingxia
Published: October 2022

Defects are considered as one of the important factors affecting the quality and laser‐induced damage threshold of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4, KDP). In this study, hybrid density functional theory is used to investigate how the Zn2+ ions affect the properties of KDP crystal. Since crystal defects often do not exist singly but combine with each other to form clusters, two charge‐compensated defect clusters, ZnK+ （Zn2+ ion substitutes K+ ion）+ VK− （potassium vacancy）and ZnK+ + VH− (hydrogen vacancy) are modeled in this work to investigate the stability of them, the defect states induced by these defects and the mechanisms of the structural breakdown. Zn2+ ions have a slight effect on the electronic property and linear optical absorption of KDP crystal. With the increase of Zn2+ concentration, more defect pairs are generated, which causes the deformation of more O─H bonds linking to PO4 and then the crystal structure becomes unstable. The laser‐induced damage resistance of the KDP crystalis affected due to the instability of crystal structure.
Effects of Methanol on the Seeded Precipitation of Al(OH)3 from Potassium Aluminate Solution
Authors: Luo Mengjie , Sun Yuzhu , Liu Chenglin , Xue Jin , Song Xingfu
Published: October 2022

The effects of methanol on the seeded precipitation of Al(OH)3 from potassium aluminate solution are investigated. The solubility of Al(OH)3 decreases in the presence of methanol, leading to a faster crystallization and a higher precipitation ratio than the normal seeded precipitation process. Under the optional precipitation conditions of temperature 323.15 K, K2O concentration 170 g L−1, and addition of an equal volume of methanol to potassium aluminate solution, the precipitation ratio can exceed 85% within 7 h. Characterization of the Al(OH)3 products using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and particle size distribution shows a typical gibbsite crystal phase composed of sheet‐like agglomerates with an average particle size of 74 µm. An interaction model between methanol molecules and Al(OH)3 crystal face is established and calculated by using the molecular dynamics method, which indicates the morphology transition mechanism of the Al(OH)3 crystal. The result indicates that methanol molecules would hinder the growth of the (002) crystal face, so that the (002) crystal face is eventually retained and becomes the main crystal face for the Al(OH)3 product. Infrared radiation and Raman spectra analyses suggest that the added methanol captures water molecules from the aluminate ion hydration sphere and thus catalyzes the crystallization process.
Effect of external fields on pattern formation of charged grains in plasma
Authors: Chen Zhidong , Li Mengdie , Li Jinfeng , Wang Youmei , Yu Ming‐Young
Published: October 2022

Two‐dimensional cluster and pattern formation by charged grains in plasma under external harmonic force and transverse magnetic field is investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. It is found that, as a result of the Yukawa‐like grain‐grain interaction and the external fields, the asymptotic quasistationary state of an initially homogeneous and Maxwellian velocity distributed grain system can be a disk cluster with the grain trajectories having flowery zonal patterns.
In vitro degradation of ziprasidone in human whole blood
Authors: Castle Jared W. , Butzbach Danielle M. , Walker G. Stewart , Lenehan Claire E. , Reith Frank , Costello Samuel P. , Kirkbride K. Paul
Published: October 2022

A systematic study was performed into the degradation of ziprasidone in simulated postmortem blood. Fifteen potential degradation products not previously reported in the literature were observed. Four resulted from degradation in human blood, whereas the remaining products resulted from reaction with solvents: four from alkaline degradation, four from reaction with acetaldehyde, and three from reaction with acetone. To identify possible degradation products, a liquid chromatograph‐diode array detector (LC‐DAD) and liquid chromatograph quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (LC‐QTOF‐MS) operating in auto‐MS/MS mode were used. It was indicated from red‐shifted UV–Vis spectra, accurate mass data, mass fragmentation data, and a deuteration experiment that the site of ziprasidone degradation, in the in vitro blood experiments, was the methylene carbon of the oxindole moiety. The major in vitro blood degradation products were proposed to be E/Z isomers of 3‐ethylidene‐ziprasidone. Further, another in vitro degradation product in microbially inoculated blood specimens was proposed to be 3‐ethyl‐ziprasidone. 3‐Ethylidene‐ziprasidone was hypothesized to form from the reaction of ziprasidone with acetaldehyde derived from the ethanol used to spike ziprasidone into the in vitro blood experiments. Data from two postmortem investigations were available for retrospective reanalysis. Attempts were made to detect degradation products of ziprasidone, but none were found.
Administration and detection of gene therapy in horses: A systematic review
Authors: Haughan Joanne , Ortved Kyla F. , Robinson Mary A.
Published: October 2022

Gene therapy uses genetic modification of cells to produce a therapeutic effect. Defective or missing genes can be repaired or replaced, or gene expression can be modified using a variety of technologies. Repair of defective genes can be achieved using specialized gene editing tools. Gene addition promotes gene expression by introducing synthetic copies of genes of interest (transgenes) into cells where they are transcribed and translated into therapeutic proteins. Protein production can also be modified using therapies that regulate gene expression.

Gene therapy is currently prohibited in both human and equine athletes because of the potential to induce production of performance‐enhancing proteins in the athlete's body, also referred to as “gene doping.” Detection of gene doping is challenging and necessitates development of creative, novel analytical methods for doping control. Methods for detection of gene doping must be specific to and will vary depending on the type of gene therapy. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a systematic review of gene editing, gene therapy, and detection of gene doping in horses.

Based on the published literature, gene therapy has been administered to horses in a large number of experimental studies and a smaller number of clinical cases. Detection of gene therapy is possible using a combination of PCR and sequencing technologies. This summary can provide a basis for discussion of appropriate and inappropriate uses for gene therapy in horses by the veterinary community and guide expansion of methods to detect inappropriate uses by the regulatory community.
Integrating principles and tools of decision science into value‐driven watershed planning for compensatory mitigation
Authors: Sanchez Georgina M. , Eaton Mitchell J. , Garcia Ana M. , Keisman Jennifer , Ullman Kirsten , Blackwell James , Meentemeyer Ross K.
Published: October 2022

Several environmental policies strive to restore impaired ecosystems and could benefit from a consistent and transparent process—codeveloped with key stakeholders—to prioritize impaired ecosystems for restoration activities. The Clean Water Act, for example, establishes reallocation mechanisms to transfer ecosystem services from sites of disturbance to compensation sites to offset aquatic resource functions that are unavoidably lost through land development. However, planning for the prioritization of compensatory mitigation areas is often hampered by decision‐making processes that fall into a myopic decision frame because they are not coproduced with stakeholders. In this study, we partnered with domain experts from the North Carolina Division of Mitigation Services to codevelop a real‐world decision framework to prioritize catchments by potential for the development of mitigation projects following principles of a structured decision‐making process and knowledge coproduction. Following an iterative decision analysis cycle, domain experts revised foundational components of the decision framework and progressively added complexity and realism as they gained additional insights or more information became available. Through the course of facilitated in‐person and remote interactions, the codevelopment of a decision framework produced three main “breakthroughs” from the perspective of the stakeholder group: (a) recognition of the problem as a multiobjective decision driven by several values in addition to biogeophysical goals (e.g., functional uplift, restoring or enhancing lost functionality of ecosystems); (b) that the decision comprises a linked and sequential planning‐to‐implementation process; and (c) future risk associated with land‐use and climate change must be considered. We also present an interactive tool for “on‐the‐fly” assessment of alternatives and tradeoff analysis, allowing domain experts to quickly test, react to, and revise prioritization strategies. The decision framework described in this study is not limited to the prioritization of compensatory mitigation activities across North Carolina but rather serves as a framework to prioritize a wide range of restoration, conservation, and resource allocation activities in similar environmental contexts across the nation.
Cross‐cultural adaptation and validation of the Nine Item ARFID Screen (NIAS) in Mexican youths
Authors: Medina‐Tepal Karla Areli , Vazquez‐Arevalo Rosalia , Trujillo‐ChiVacuán Eva María , Zickgraf Hana F. , Mancilla‐Díaz Juan Manuel
Published: October 2022

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is defined by limited volume or variety of food intake motivated by the sensory properties of food, fear of aversive consequences, or lack of interest in food or eating associated with medical, nutritional, and psychosocial impairment. Currently, two of the most widely validated measures are The Eating Disturbances in Youth‐Questionnaire (EDY‐Q) and the Nine Item ARFID Screen (NIAS). The latter has proven valid and reliable for assessing this disorder.

Objective

To validate a culturally sensitive adaptation of the NIAS instrument and evaluate its psychometric properties in Mexican youths.

Method

The sample consisted of 800 participants aged 12—30 (M = 18.56, SD = 3.52) from Mexico City and Hidalgo public educational institutions.

Results

The S‐NIAS obtained a Cronbach's alpha of 0.84, adequate construct validity adjustment rates: CMIN = 1.88; GFI = 0.97; AGFI = 0.94; CFI = 0.98; RMR = 0.050; and RMSEA = 0.047. Measurement invariance by gender, age, and survey administration which show that construct is understood in the same way across both groups and despite the change from paper‐and‐pencil to online survey administration.

Conclusion

The psychometric properties of the Spanish Nine Item ARFID Screen (S‐NIAS) indicate that it is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating symptoms associated with ARFID in this sample of youths.

Public Significance

Although there are advances in studying ARFID, their epidemiological data comes mainly from a few countries. Furthermore, these data are scarcer due to the lack of validated screening and assessment instruments available in a variety of world languages; having instruments for the evaluation of ARFID symptoms is essential because it could function as an auxiliary means for the detection and prevention of people at risk.
Input voltage estimation method and suppression of distortion caused by DC voltage ripple for input current control of PFC
Authors: Yamada Ryuji , Araumi Ryunosuke , Wada Keiji
Published: October 2022

This paper proposes a new method for input current control of power factor correction (PFC) with continuous conduction mode (CCM), which does not require input voltage detection. As a control method that does not use input voltage detection, pulse width modulation (PWM) with the inductor current as the modulated signal is already in practical use however, this approach has limitations for the range of inductance values used. In CCM‐PFC, the input rectified voltage and low‐frequency component of the voltage of the switching circuit are approximately equal in the stable state as well as proportional to the PWM signal. This study uses the previous modulated signal as the estimated voltage value to generate an instantaneous current command for feedback control. In addition, a method to suppress the influence of the DC voltage ripple by changing the voltage control gain according to the value of the DC voltage was employed. From the evaluation, it was confirmed that the harmonics of the input current were suppressed within the specified range of values.
At the intersection of co‐creation: Exploring LGBTQ2S evaluation with youth
Authors: Whynot Jane , Heath Sarah , Silver Larissa , Robin Charlie‐Rae , Kent Mathew
Published: October 2022

This article applies a reflective account of experiences of youth, organizational personnel, and evaluators in an evaluation of the Youth Services Bureau of Ottawa's transition to a Housing First for Youth model. A prominent aspect of this evaluation was the extended focus on, to and with LGBTQ2S+ youth. Our collective account positions co‐creation along a continuum involving these youth as data sources, as consultants, co‐evaluators, and as co‐leaders. Authors use these three continuum points to present related theory, application in our project context, the intersectional implications, and lessons learned to highlight practical and theoretical implications for LGBTQ2S+ evaluation. We conclude our contribution to this special issue by discussing implications and elements that need to be considered for LGBTQ2S+ evaluation.
Evaluator education through an LGBTQ+ lens: Interrogating power and privilege in the classroom
Authors: Wright Morgan M. , LaVelle John M.
Published: October 2022

The long‐term sustainability and stability of the evaluation profession is dependent on superior, evaluation‐specific education programs designed to help increase the quality, numbers, visibility, and collective impact of evaluation theory and practice in society. Recent studies illustrate the breadth of colleges and universities in the United States that are offering certificates, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees with a specialization in evaluation. Less attention has been paid, however, to the ways higher education institutions prepare would‐be evaluators to recognize the limits of their expertise and to work with individuals and communities that may not share their expertise or background. The importance of this awareness is compounded by the ethical challenges associated with facilitating evaluative work with diverse, historically marginalized groups such as LGBTQ+ communities, which may have their own fraught histories with evaluation. This chapter will discuss LGBTQ+ perspectives that educators should include in their evaluation curricula to help inform high‐quality, ethical practice, and conclude with a dialogue between the authors about the process of writing the chapter, their concerns, and their hopes for the future.
Assessment of the inclusivity of the national CLAS standards enhancement initiative of bisexual identities
Authors: Pavão Carlos A. O. , McLeroy Kenneth R. , Lincoln Yvonna S. , Burdine James N. , Wright Eric R.
Published: October 2022

This chapter reports on the evaluation of state and local level National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care (aka CLAS Standards), specifically those standards addressing the health needs of sexual minority individuals, with an emphasis on the inclusion of bisexual+ communities and the implications of bisexual+ (non)inclusion in CLAS standards. At the state and local levels, bisexual identity is rarely recognized as distinct from other sexual identities. This lack of representation raises an essential issue of how local communities, states, and the federal government struggle with sexual minority data classification and prioritizing health benchmarks for sexual minority populations and subpopulations. We also found that the CLAS cultural competency policy definition at the federal level lacks an appropriate degree of bi‐inclusivity. The findings from this study reveal that the five states in our sample implemented CLAS Standards in ways that demonstrated bi‐erasure. Specifically, states defined gender and sexual minorities through exclusionary categories that place emphasis on the “Other”. LGBTQ+ evaluators can rely on the Principles of LGBTQ+ Evaluation to create strategies that demonstrate how to effectively address the intersecting ramifications of bi‐erasure at the policy level.
Perspectives from LGBTQ+ serving CBO leaders on equitable community‐academic partnerships in evaluation
Authors: Wade LaSaia , Skora Stephanie , Glenn Erik Elías
Published: October 2022

In the United States, human service, public health, and healthcare organizations are dedicated to improving health equity among our society's most vulnerable. A wealth of literature highlights the importance of targeting root causes of inequity, however, intervention‐based attempts to improve health outcomes and reduce disparities have varied in their success. Too frequently, public health interventions fail to center community priorities and challenge oppressive regimes. At the same time, calls grow to pilot and evaluate new systems of care and service to replace antiquated, patchwork systems that depend on power imbalances and resource hoarding. The authors of this article, as current and recent leaders of Black‐led, LGBTQ+ organizations, engage in a conversation, in which we reflect on the power dynamics and pitfalls associated with community‐academic partnerships. Through our dialogue, we invite readers to internalize our testimony and re‐envision the role of the evaluator as a champion of liberation. Only through disrupting the status quo can evaluation hope to stand in community with “priority populations” and join the fight to achieve health equity. As members of the communities we serve, we transgress traditional means of how power and stature are allocated by being present in this special issue. We speak bluntly to honor our truth and inform evaluators in the process of fostering partnerships.
Donkey whey protein and peptides regulate gut microbiota community and physiological functions of D‐galactose‐induced aging mice
Authors: Zhou Xueyan , Tian Xiaojing , Song Li , Luo Li , Ma Zhongren , Zhang Fumei
Published: October 2022

The prolongation of life span has attracted more and more attention in the current world. Gut microbiota is considered one of the most critical elements and is essential in regulating life span and quality. The effects of donkey whey protein (DWP) and donkey whey hydrolysate (DWPP) on physiological functions and gut microbiota of D‐galactose‐induced aging mice were investigated to find new strategies for resisting aging. Our results showed that DWP and DWPP could increase the body weight gain velocity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and thymus index, whereas decrease the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and improve the aging of the body in the liver congestion, oozy draw focal sclerosis of chronic inflammation. The effects of medium and high concentrations of DWP and low and medium concentrations of DWPP were the same as the vitamin C (Vc)‐positive control group. It was found that both DWP and DWPP could change α‐diversity; the relative abundance of Lactobacillus increased, whereas the relative abundance of Helicobacter and Stenotrophomonas decreased after being treated with DWP and DWPP. The correlation between intestinal microflora and physiological indexes showed that chao1, ACE, and observed species indexes in the α index were positively correlated with weight gain velocity, SOD activity, and thymus index. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus was positively correlated with SOD and thymus index but negatively correlated with MDA. The relative abundance of Stenotrophomonas was opposite to that of Lactobacillus. The Anaerobiospirillum, Fusobacterium, and Dubosiella had a significant positive correlation with the weight gain velocity. The study provided a deeper more profound understanding of the potential use of DWP and DWPP in senescence delays.
Low‐molecular weight oligosaccharides from gum tragacanth (Astragalus gossypinus) ameliorate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Wistar male rats
Authors: Hossein Zadeh Zahra , Najdegerami Ebrahim H. , Nikoo Mehdi , Nejati Vahid , Ahmadi Gavlighi Hassan
Published: October 2022

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease affecting 25% of the world's population. The effects of oligosaccharides from Gum tragacanth (Astragalus gossypinus) (GT) on oxidative stress, glucose metabolism, and expression of autophagy genes were investigated in induced non‐alcoholic fatty liver. Twenty‐four male healthy rats were divided into four groups, Control; high‐fat diet, high‐fat diet + 100 mg GT oligosaccharides/kg body weight, high‐fat diet + 200 mg GT oligosaccharides/kg body weight and fed with the trial diets for 70 days. At the end of the experiment, the results indicated that GT oligosaccharides affected the weight gain and liver weight in NAFLD‐induced rats. In addition, the results showed that the use of GT oligosaccharides significantly decreased oxidative stress, liver injury, and hyperglycemia (p < .05) and upregulated the expression of autophagy genes in NAFLD‐induced rats.

Practical applications

Overall, the results of the current study demonstrated that the use of GT oligosaccharides obtained from Gum tragacanth (Astragalus gossypinus) showed significant antioxidant properties and hypoglycemia in NAFLD induced rats and could be used as a useful nutritional strategy for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
Intensified conditioning regimens improved disease‐free survival and engraftment after unrelated single‐unit cord blood transplantation but not after matched sibling or matched unrelated donor allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Konuma Takaaki , Kanda Junya , Uchida Naoyuki , Nishijima Akihiko , Tanaka Masatsugu , Ozawa Yukiyasu , Sawa Masashi , Onizuka Makoto , Ota Shuichi , Maruyama Yumiko , Kanda Yoshinobu , Kawakita Toshiro , Ara Takahide , Eto Tetsuya , Nakamae Hirohisa , Kimura Takafumi , Fukuda Takahiro , Atsuta Yoshiko ,   for the Donor/Source Working Group of theJapanese Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy
Published: October 2022

The impact of conditioning intensity on different donor groups has been unclear in allogeneic transplantation. The objective of this study was to clarify the effect of conditioning intensity on disease‐free survival (DFS), relapse, non‐relapse mortality (NRM), neutrophil engraftment, and graft‐versus‐host disease for each donor type. We retrospectively evaluated the effect of conditioning intensity on transplant outcomes for patients with acute leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome aged between 16 and 60 years in Japan using the transplant conditioning intensity (TCI) scoring system. A total of 8526 patients who received first allogeneic transplantation from 6/6 antigen‐matched sibling donor (MSD, n = 2768), 8/8 allele‐matched unrelated donor (MUD, n = 2357), and unrelated single‐cord blood (UCB, n = 3401) were eligible for the analyses. Compared to conditioning with TCI score 4.0, which was corresponds to conventional myeloablative conditioning, including cyclophosphamide with total body irradiation 12 Gy or busulfan 12.8 mg, and was considered as the reference group in the multivariate analyses, intensified conditioning with TCI score ≥4.5 improved DFS (hazard ratio [HR],0.81, P < 0.001) and relapse rate (HR, 0.70, P < 0.001) but only after UCB transplants and not MSD and MUD transplants. In contrast, NRM was higher after intensified conditioning with TCI score ≥4.5 for MSD (HR, 1.39, P = 0.008) and MUD (HR, 1.47, P = 0.002) transplants but not UCB transplants (HR, 1.12, P = 0.240). Neutrophil engraftment was also significantly higher after intensified conditioning with TCI score ≥4.5 but only for UCB transplants (HR, 1.24, P < 0.001), whereas it was significantly lower after reduced‐intensity conditioning with TCI score ≤3.5 for MSD transplants only (HR, 0.82, P < 0.001). These data demonstrated that an intensified conditioning regimen improved survival and engraftment rate only after a UCB transplants. Therefore, TCI scoring system could enable the optimization of conditioning intensity according to donor type, particularly in terms of survival and engraftment.
Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among gynecologic surgeons performing laparoscopic procedures: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Lily , Liu Sarah , Lommen Jonathan , Pudwell Jessica , Pelland Lucie , Bougie Olga
Published: October 2022

Objective

Musculoskeletal discomfort is associated with repetitive movements and constrained body positions. The current meta‐analysis was performed to determine the global prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among gynecologic surgeons who perform laparoscopy.

Methods

Sources included Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials, and Google Scholar. Articles published between 1980 and 2022 were considered. Studies that assessed self‐reported musculoskeletal symptoms were included. Relevant data were extracted and tabulated.

Results

Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. In a pooled sample of 1619 surgeons, the estimated prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was 82% (95% confidence interval [CI], 70%–89%;I2, 92%). Female sex was a risk factor, as identified by a pooled odds ratio of 4.64 (95% CI, 2.63–8.19;I2, 0%) compared with male surgeons. Among surgeons who reported musculoskeletal symptoms, 30% (95% CI, 14%–52%;I2, 95%) sought treatment and 3% (95% CI, 2%–6%;I2, 0%) required work hour modifications.

Conclusion

The current meta‐analysis provides preliminary evidence of a high prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among gynecologic laparoscopic surgeons. Future research is needed to explore the underlying risk factors and interventional strategies to mitigate this risk.
A novel process line for the valorization of industrial spent coffee grounds through coffee roasting technology and ultrasonic‐assisted extraction
Authors: Osorio Arias Juan Camilo , Quintero Mónica , Velázquez Sebastián , Escobar Jhonathan
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

The main by‐product of the coffee industry is spent coffee grounds (SCG). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first occasion where industrial SCG has been used to build a batch‐valorization line combining barrel coffee roasters as an innovative drying process and ultrasound‐assisted extraction technology under the biorefinery concept, seeking to extract chlorogenic acids (CGA).

RESULTS

A Probat Sample Barrel Roaster were used to determine the optimal temperature, volume flow of fan, and time for a novel drying method. Drying optimization was carried out in order to reach 5.0% moisture content, reduce water activity and maximize total CGA content. Optimal conditions of 140 °C, 160.0 m3 h−1and 11.43 min for temperature, volume flow of fan, and time, respectively, were obtained with a desirability of 70%. Likewise, the optimal temperature, power and frequency settings for an ultrasonic extraction procedure of CGA from dried SCG were evaluated. To maximize the total CGA content, the ultrasonic technique was optimized. Temperature 50 °C, frequency 37 kHz and power 100 W with a desirability of 80% were necessary for optimality. The study was completed with a kinetic analysis using a second‐order rate model, Peleg's kinetic model and the phenomenological model.

CONCLUSION

Industrial coffee by‐products can be processed and valorizing using barrel coffee roasters as a novel technique. For process design, the kinetic parameters of ultrasound‐assisted extraction are a helpful tool. A new mathematical model is presented that takes into account the impact of changing temperature on the ultrasonic process. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Comparison of 2.5D finite element formulations with perfectly matched layers for solving open axisymmetric electromagnetic cavity problems
Authors: Schnaubelt Erik , De Gersem Herbert , Marsic Nicolas
Published: October 2022

Axial symmetry in time‐harmonic electromagnetic wave problems can be exploited by considering a Fourier expansion along the angular direction, reducing fully three‐dimensional computations to two‐dimensional ones on an azimuthal cross section. While this transition leads to a significant decrease in computational effort, it introduces additional difficulties, which necessitate appropriate finite element (FE) formulations. By combining the latter with perfectly matched layers (PML), open problems can be considered. In this work, we compare and discuss the performance of different combinations of axisymmetric FE formulations and PMLs, using a dielectric sphere in open space as a test case. As an application example, a superconducting Fabry–Pérot photon trap is considered.
“Hide your sickness and put on a happy face”: The effects of supervision distrust, surface acting, and sickness surface acting on hotel employees' emotional exhaustion
Authors: Correia Leal Catarina , Ferreira Aristides I. , Carvalho Helena
Published: October 2022

The study of emotional labor and sickness presenteeism in the hotel industry is crucial due to the current context of economic uncertainty and to a climate of insecurity that forces employees to continue to show up for work even despite being sick. This research aimed to explore the effect of supervision distrust as an antecedent of surface acting on hotel service employees' emotional exhaustion levels. Sickness surface acting—the voluntary effort to suppress illness symptoms or to fake a healthy health status—was introduced as a new construct to explain the relation between a perception of supervision distrust and emotional exhaustion. A total of 166 employees from Portuguese hotels completed a five‐day diary survey. From these, 58 reported working while ill. The results showed that surface acting mediated the relationship between emotional exhaustion and supervision distrust. Further analysis with a subsample of 58 employees who reported frequency of sickness presenteeism revealed that for sick employees, sickness surface acting mediated the relationship between supervision distrust perception and emotional exhaustion. These findings bring the sickness surface acting construct to the sickness presenteeism literature, and highlight the importance of creating policies to reduce and manage the negative consequences of supervision distrust ‐ a factor capable of promoting attendance and sickness presenteeism behaviors. They also inform human resources managers of the negative impacts of “service with a smile” and sickness presenteeism in the hotel industry.
Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as a cardiovascular risk biomarker in psoriasis: A comprehensive review
Authors: Fernández Domper Leopoldo , Paramo José A , Fernández Alonso Leopoldo , Martin Hernández Jose Maria , Suarez‐Varela Maria Morales
Published: October 2022

Background

Psoriasis is a chronic and inflammatory cutaneous disease and it is associated with high cardiovascular risk (CVR). Studies have demonstrated that neutrophils may play a role in CVR in psoriasis. Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a readily available inflammatory biomarker that predicts the development of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis and is associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular (CV) events.

Objectives

The aim of this review is to analyze the association between NLR and the presence or risk to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) in psoriasis patients.

Methods

A comprehensive literature research was carried out through Pubmed, Embase and Web of Science to identify all the evidence related to NLR and CVD in psoriasis population. We enrolled all cohort, case‐control and cross‐sectional studies. Duplicated articles and papers without sufficient data were excluded after a full‐text review. Only articles published in English were enrolled in this study.

Results

primary searches identified 9 relevant articles. We included 1 observational, 5 case‐control and 3 cross‐sectional studies. NLR was assessed in all studies. As a whole, even though there is a paucity of published evidence, NLR was associated with an increased risk of subclinical atherosclerosis and CVD in all the articles included in this review. The main differences among studies were the sample size and the article design.

Conclusion

this review found that NLR is a simple, universally available and routine low‐cost biomarker able to predict CV events in patients with psoriasis. This test will help dermatologists to early detect those patients with psoriasis in whom there is a higher risk of CVD, who can benefit from preventive strategies and treatment settings.
An Ex Vivo Investigation of Tactile Aesthesiometer Force in Laryngopharyngeal Sensory Testing
Authors: Kidane Joseph , Gochman Grant E. , Boscardin W. John , Rosen Clark A. , Young VyVy N. , Ma Yue
Published: October 2022

Background/Objective

Cheung–Bearelly aesthesiometers can deliver buckling‐force stimuli to the laryngopharynx and objectively evaluate sensation. Ambiguity surrounds the transformation of stimuli in the laryngopharyngeal environment. This study aims to evaluate the effect of aesthesiometer size, saliva, successive compressions, and angles of tissue contact on stimulus force delivered.

Methods

An ex vivo stimulus delivery device was constructed to measure the buckling force of aesthesiometers. Dry and saliva‐saturated aesthesiometers (6–0, 5–0, 4.5–0, and 4–0) were each compressed six times on cadaveric buccal mucosa on an electronic balance. The force for each compression was recorded at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60° from the vertical plane. 240 compressions were analyzed utilizing a mixed‐effects statistical model.

Results

The mean force delivered by the 6–0, 5–0, 4.5–0, and 4–0 aesthesiometers were 0.017, 0.082, 0.120, and 0.268 g respectively (p < 0.001). Mean force significantly reduced for the 4–0 aesthesiometer at 30° (p = 0.003) and 60° (p = 0.001). Force decreased by the 4th compression for the 5–0 aesthesiometer (p = 0.004) and after one compression for the 4.5–0 (p = 0.004) and 4–0 (p < 0.001) aesthesiometer. By the 4th compression, the 4.5–0 aesthesiometer was indistinguishable (p > 0.05) from the 5–0 aesthesiometer. The effect of saliva was insignificant (p = 0.83).

Conclusion

Aesthesiometers can deliver discrete buckling‐force stimuli to evaluate laryngopharynx sensory function. Up to 60° (15° for 4–0 aesthesiometer) deviation from orthogonal tissue contact and salivary forces do not significantly alter force delivered. 4.5–0 aesthesiometers should be exchanged after three compressions. For all other aesthesiometers, force reduction after six compressions is likely clinically insignificant given current laryngopharyngeal sensory testing protocols.

Level of Evidence

N/A Ex Vivo Laboratory Design Laryngoscope, 133:1933–1937, 2023
Health insurance literacy among head and neck cancer patients and their caregivers: A cross‐sectional pilot study
Authors: Nguyen Oliver T. , McCormick Rachael , Patel Krupal , Reblin Maija , Kim Lindsay , Hume Emma , Powers Benjamin , Otto Amy , Alishahi Tabriz Amir , Islam Jessica , Hong Young‐Rock , Kirchhoff Anne C. , Turner Kea
Published: October 2022

Objective

Health insurance literacy interventions may reduce financial burden and its effects on cancer patients and their caregivers. However, little is known about the health insurance literacy levels of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients and their caregivers. We assessed the feasibility of screening for health insurance literacy in a pilot study and described the health insurance literacy levels of HNC patients and their caregivers.

Methods

We administered a survey that assessed demographics and subjective and objective health insurance literacy to HNC patients and their caregivers. Subjective health insurance literacy was measured through the Health Insurance Literacy Measure (score range: 0–84). Objective health insurance literacy was measured through correct answers to a previously developed 10‐question knowledge test. Due to a small sample size, inferential statistics were not used; we instead descriptively reported findings.

Results

The pilot included 48 HNC patients and 13 caregivers. About 44.4% of patients and 30.8% of caregivers demonstrated low health insurance literacy (HILM ≤60). On the 10‐item knowledge test, patients had an average of 6.8 (SD: 2.3) correct responses and caregivers had 7.8 (SD: 1.1) correct responses. Calculating out‐of‐pocket costs for out‐of‐network services was challenging; only 9.5% of patients and 0% of caregivers answered correctly.

Conclusion

Additional outreach strategies may be needed to supplement screening for health insurance literacy. Areas of focus for interventions include improving understanding of how to calculate financial responsibility for health care services and filing an appeal for health insurance claim denial.

Level of Evidence

IV
Unsymmetrically Substituted Stilbene–Maleic‐Anhydride Copolymers: Improving Synthesis and Measuring Substituent Effects on Conversion
Authors: Brown Chanelle J. , Gandour Richard D. , Turner S. Richard
Published: October 2022

Syntheses of certain substituted‐stilbene–maleic anhydride, precisely alternating copolymers have a long history of challenges that include gelation and long polymerization times. This work reports the use of anisole as a polymerization solvent that prevents gelation during the copolymerization. Several substituted (E)‐stilbenes (2‐methyl, 3‐methyl, 4‐methyl, 4‐tert‐butyl, 2‐methoxy, 4‐methoxy, 4‐methoxycarbonyl, 4‐trifluoromethyl, 2,4′‐dimethyl, and 3,4′‐dimethyl) are copolymerized with maleic anhydride without gelation; however, copolymerization of 4,4′‐dimethylstilbene gelled, presumably because of symmetry. Substituents affect the rates of conversion. In general, after 30 min, donors copolymerize with maleic anhydride faster; acceptors, slower. 2‐Methyl and 2,4′‐dimethyl are slower, presumably due to sterics. At longer times, conversions of 4‐tert‐butyl and 4‐methoxy are significantly reduced.
Morphology of Microinjection Molded iPP Parts in Controlled Conditions
Authors: Salomone Rita , Liparoti Sara , Speranza Vito , Pantani Roberto
Published: October 2022

A part made of just one material (mono‐material) is a new frontier in reducing environmental impact of plastic, being 100% recyclable. The focus of this work is on the possibility of controlling the properties of parts obtained by microinjection molding (μIM). μIM tests in variothermal conditions are conducted on an isotactic polypropylene. Two variothermal steps are adopted: the filling and packing stages are conducted at one selected mold temperature, and subsequent annealing steps are conducted while the sample is still inside the mold. A comparison with the parts produced under constant mold temperature is also performed. Electronic microscopy is adopted for the characterization of morphology. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy coupled with HarmoniX (HMX) tool allows detecting simultaneously local morphology and mechanical properties. The part morphology is characterized by a fibrillar layer close to the sample walls and a spherulitic core; a transition zone is also detectable in between. Morphology significantly influences mechanical properties: the transition zone shows the minimum value of elastic modulus, additionally, the elastic modulus increases with spherulite dimensions. Eventually, the annealing step results to be crucial in determining the part properties and can be adopted as a robust method to tailor properties through the process.
Accelerated Aging Test Modeling for Polycarbonate: Effects of Light Source
Authors: Ishida Takato , Kitagaki Ryoma
Published: October 2022

This work addresses to propose a model to reproduce accelerated aging results for polycarbonate. Four accelerated aging conditions are studied, including several light sources. In this study, aging behaviors are monitored by the yellowing index. Obtained simulations are well‐tracked the aging data for four accelerated aging conditions. Besides, the features of accelerating environments by a phase plane plot are challenged to visualize.
Molecular‐Dynamics Modeling of Nafion Membranes
Authors: Sengupta Soumyadipta , Pant Rakesh , Venkatnathan Arun , Lyulin Alexey V.
Published: October 2022

The Nafion is a commonly used polyelectrolyte membrane (PEM) in fuel cells and flow batteries. Nanocomposites of Nafion are used to enhance temperature resistance and proton conductivity. The molecular‐dynamics simulation results are reported for Nafion films of different thicknesses confined between two potential walls of variable wettability, mimicking the nanofiller surfaces. The water cluster sizes show an increase with film thickness for the high wettability cases, in agreement with SAXS experiments. The in‐plane water diffusion is considerably enhanced for the high wettability walls. The first results on the annealing effects on both structure, dynamics, and electric conductivity of the membranes are also reported. The hydrophilic channels evolution upon annealing will be discussed.
Embrittlement of Poly(butylene terephthalate) Induced by Injection Molding Process
Authors: Loyer Camille , Régnier Gilles , Duval Vincent , Richaud Emmanuel
Published: October 2022

Poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) dumb‐bell samples are injection molded. Tensile tests reveal a brittle behavior for samples manufactured at high temperature (280°C) and long residence times contrarily to those processed at 240°C and 260°C with moderate residence times. Average weight molar mass and DSC measurements are exploited to derive an embrittlement criterion. The comparison with some literature data suggests that samples are mainly degraded by a thermolysis process with minor effect of oxygen.
Thermal Degradation of Fluorosilicone Elastomers
Authors: Richaud Emmanuel , Pires Leticia , Roland Sébastien , Truffault Laurianne , Laiarinandrasana Lucien , Corfa Alice , Pinaud Julien , Caillol Sylvain , Ladmiral Vincent , Beauvais Christophe
Published: October 2022

This paper explores the structure‐relationships involved in the degradation of fluorosilicones (FVMQs). For that purpose, FVMQs are thermally aged at 280 °C under various atmospheres (nitrogen, atmospheric air, pure oxygen). It seems that FVMQs undergo a strong mass loss irrespectively of the atmosphere. Under nitrogen, a chain scission (unzipping) mechanism is suspected whereas under air, a crosslinking mechanisms leads to an increase in tensile modulus. A degradation mechanism is proposed as a basis for lifetime prediction.
Redesign of a Metallic Component Using Polylactic Acid – PLA by Fused Deposition Modeling – FDM for Durability Increase
Authors: Jiga Gabriel , Crunţeanu Daniel‐Eugeniu , Dobrescu Tiberiu Gabriel , Brăileanu Patricia Isabela , Pascu Nicoleta Elisabeta
Published: October 2022

The term “3D printing” can refer to a variety of processes where material is deposited, joined, or solidified under computer control to create a three‐dimensional (3D) object. According to this principle, the material is added (such as fluid molecules or powder grains being fused together), typically layer by layer. One of the key advantages of 3D printing is the ability to produce very complex shapes or geometries, from the simplest to the most complex, that will be otherwise impossible to construct by hand, including hollow parts or parts with internal truss structures to reduce weight. In industries and companies where 3D printing is still a relatively new addition, the polylactic acid (PLA) material is the best option, because it is known in the industry as the easiest filament material to print. It is ideal for those who are looking to carry out fast prototyping, therefore it is the perfect choice for quick work. In this article, the authors intend to establish a set of printing rules for a geometric shape made of polymeric material (PLA) through the 3D printing process for a practical application and to present as much as possible the behavior in time of this printed component that replaces a non‐corrosive metal component.
Degradation of PVDF‐HFP Matrix
Authors: Julienne Fanon , Richaud Emmanuel
Published: October 2022

This paper explores both physical ageing of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its copolymers with hexafluoropropylene (HFP). Water ageing and annealing are shown to have a negligible influence on mechanical properties. Chemical ageing is thus expected to be the main source of long‐term degradation. The nature of associated chemical trackers is discussed but it seems clear that their fraction is very slow for low temperature thermal ageing.