OPTIMIZATION OF THE DISPOSITION SCHEME AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VIDEO CAMERAS FOR SOLVING SPECIAL TASKS OF LOCAL MONITORING OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND NEAR AIRSPACE BASED ON THE EXPERIENCE OF METEOR OBSERVATIONS
Authors:   Astronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kozak P. M. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Physics, Luk’yanyk I. V. ,   Astronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kozak L. V. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Physics,   Space Research Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and State Space Agency of Ukraine, Ivchenko V. M. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Physics, Lapchuk V. P. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Physics, Stariy S. V. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Computer Sciences and Cybernetics, Stelya O. B. ,   V. Ye. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of NAS of Ukraine
Published: February 2025

The problem of the construction of local zones for monitoring the atmosphere and near airspace to search natural and artificial
dynamic objects, calculate their coordinates and velocities, predict positions and possible identification is considered in this
work. For necessary calculations, many years of experience in double-station TV and video meteor observations at altitudes of
80...130 km is used, as well as original methods for processing video streams with meteor images and corresponding developed
software. Two components of the problem, conditionally called direct and inverse tasks, are described. The direct task envisages
calculating the size of the common monitoring zone and minimal sizes of the dynamical objects for a couple of video cameras
with preliminary selected technical characteristics like the light detector and lens installed in fixed positions and optical axes
orientation. The direct task should involve estimating the computational precision for both coordinates and velocities of the
objects. On the contrary, the inverse task envisages the recommendations for selecting video camera types, their dispositions,
and the orientation of optical axes for hand-picked monitoring zones and searched object types, depending on the aim – only
object detection or its possible identification. The given task should ensure optimization of the precision of calculating the coor-
dinates and velocity of an object and predicting its position. To address these issues, we derive the necessary formulae to ensure
the required spatial resolution and to calculate the three-dimensional common monitoring zone. Additionally, we examine
its changes with altitude. The computations are made for estimating the spatial resolution of video cameras and photographic
lenses used for meteor observations. Appropriate conclusions are drawn for the detection and identification of dynamic objects
in near airspace. The recommended method for monitoring fast, small-size objects is the use of modern Full HD digital network
cameras equipped with changeable focus lenses. As an example of the creation of a double-station camera couple or small local
monitoring networks, three variants of cameras’ dispositions are considered with an evaluation of the efficiency of each