bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Team Games Tournament untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Perencanaan dan Instalasi Sistem Audio Video di SMK Negeri 4 Gowa
Authors: Rafiuddin Rafiuddin
Published: January 2021

This study aims to improve students' learning outcomes of Audio Video System Planning and Installation by applying the Team Games Tournament learning model in class XI TAV 1 SMK Negeri 4 Gowa. The type of research used is classroom action research (PTK), using the Kemmis & McTaggart research model which consists of four stages: planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The four stages are carried out in two cycles. The subjects in this study were 33 people in class XI TAV 1. The instrument used was a test of learning outcomes and student observation sheet instruments. The collected data were then analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. The results showed that the application of the Team Games Tournament learning model could improve student learning outcomes. This is evident from the increasing learning outcomes of students. Of the 33 students the initial test results with an average score of 47.15 with learning completeness as many as 6 students with a percentage of 18.18%, while what is expected is that 85% of all students achieve the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM) with a value of ≥75. Then the learning outcomes increased by 30.30% in the learning outcomes of the first cycle test after applying the Team Games Tournament learning model, with an average value of 57.15, namely 16 students with a percentage of 48.48% learning completeness. In the second cycle test results increased 42.43% from cycle I, with an average score of students reaching 78.82, namely the completeness of learning as many as 30 students with a percentage of 90.91%. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that of the 33 students, more than 85% have completed their studies in the subject of Planning and Installation of Audio Video Systems with the KKM standard, namely 75.
Kolaborasi Zoom dengan WAG Sebagai Potret Merdeka Belajar pada Masa New Normal di SMK Negeri 4 Gowa
Authors: Zaenab Zaenab
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to describing the portrait of freedom of learning through Zoom collaboration with the WA Group in the New Normal era in class X TKJ 1 SMK Negeri 4 Gowa. This research method used descriptive methods with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were students totaling 35 people. The research instrument used observation, tests, and questionnaires. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique used in this research was descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that the motivation and learning activities of class X TKJ 1 SMK Negeri 4 Gowa students during the new Normal period with the learning process through the collaboration of Zoom with the WA Group are in a positive tendency with a percentage agreeing 41.5% and those who quite agree 42.0 %. From this data it can be concluded that Zoom's collaboration with the WA Group as a portrait of independent learning is the best solution as an alternative method of learning during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Meningkatkan Keaktifan dan Hasil Belajar Melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Wide Game pada Peserta Didik Kelas VIID SMP Negeri 13 Tegal
Authors: Suharni Suharni
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to increase the activeness and learning outcomes of students through the Wide Game learning model in economic activity material. This research method using descriptive method. The subjects in this study were 31 students of class VIID SMP Negeri 13 Tegal. The research instrument used a questionnaire and data analysis techniques using descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that there is an increase in the activeness and learning outcomes of students through the Wide Game learning model in economic activity material. This is evidenced by the data in the first cycle with an average value of 70.97 and those who completed 58.04% increased the average value of 81.23 and those who completed were 87.10% in the second cycle. This increase is also accompanied by changes in behavior, students are more active, and respect others in doing tasks.
Prejuízos fisiológicos causados pela perda dentária e relação dos aspectos nutricionais na Odontogeriatria
Authors: Lopes Érica Nicácia Reis , Silva Gisele Rodrigues da , Resende Caio César Dias , Dietrich Ethel , Costa Marcelo Dias Moreira de Assis , Dietrich Lia
Published: January 2021

A população de idosos no Brasil tem crescido em ritmo acelerado e o cirurgião dentista deve estar atento a ampliar seus conhecimentos na área da odontogeriatria para proporcionar um tratamento correto, eficaz e com conforto ao paciente idoso, já que estes apresentam alterações fisiológicas, condições sistêmicas, psicológicas e sociais decorrentes do processo de envelhecimento. O objetivo desta revisão de literatura é discutir as alterações na qualidade de vida do paciente idoso, incluindo seu reflexo emocional e efeitos psicológicos. Para tanto, foi utilizado uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho bibliográfico de fonte secundária, método indutivo para análise e elaboração do presente trabalho. Uma das alterações é a perda dentária que tem efeitos significativos na saúde dos idosos, pois afeta a capacidade mastigatória, restringem o consumo de vários alimentos, dificultam a fonação, além dos danos estéticos. A má absorção dos nutrientes gera um desequilíbrio nutricional com prejuízo para realização e manutenção de processos orgânicos vitais, maior susceptibilidade a enfermidades e dificuldade na recuperação de doenças. A alimentação adequada pode levar a uma velhice saudável com maior capacidade funcional e menor incidência de doenças, melhorando a qualidade e estilo de vida.
Análise e classificação da rugosidade palatina em um grupo de jovens adultas brasileiras
Authors: Manganotti Ana Beatriz Manetti , Faria Nicole Cordeiro , Franzak Fernanda Darlene , Amaral Marcelo Augusto
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Analisar a rugosidade palatina de um grupo de jovens adultas brasileiras, classificar por meio da técnica rugoscópica esta amostra, bem como avaliar possíveis diferenças entre faixas de idade, cor da pele, uso de aparelho ortodôntico e realização de cirurgias bucais nas pesquisadas. Material e Métodos: Estudo observacional, classificatório e transversal, com abordagem quantitativa das rugas do palato. A amostra de conveniência foi obtida a partir de 30 universitárias do sexo feminino do curso de Odontologia de uma instituição privada. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio de fotografias intrabucais do palato de cada uma das participantes, sendo realizado um destaque das rugas palatinas com auxílio do Microsoft Paint®, com posterior classificação das imagens por uma única pesquisadora.  Para a classificação das rugas palatinas das universitárias, levou-se em consideração o método proposto por Carrea (1937). Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente com a utilização dos testes Qui-Quadrado, Exato de Fischer e Razão de Verossimilhança (p=0,05). Resultados: Houve predominância de mulheres com faixa de idade de 19 a 22 anos (70,0%), leucoderma (83,3%), que fizeram uso de aparelho ortodôntico (83,3%) e negaram ter realizado qualquer tipo de cirurgia bucal (56,7%). O estudo identificou de sete a 18 rugas palatinas, com variados formatos. Conclusão: Houve maior incidência de rugas com direção em sentidos variados (tipo IV). A rugoscopia palatina não resultou em caracterizações com diferenças etárias, de ancestralidade e uso de aparelho ortodôntico. No entanto, verificou-se associação significativa entre o perfil rugoscópico das universitárias avaliadas e a realização de cirurgias bucais prévias.
Avaliação de desempenho e capacidade do sistema de saúde espanhol na pandemia de SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Barros Liana de Oliveira , Silva Francisco Gildemir Ferreira da , Prata Bruno de Athayde
Published: January 2021

A Espanha foi um dos países mais afetados pela pandemia de SARS-CoV-2. Embora a saúde pública espanhola seja reconhecida como um dos melhores sistemas de saúde europeus, o pico de casos em um curto período prejudicou o sistema mencionado acima. A avaliação de desempenho possui papel fundamental na gestão dos sistemas de saúde, apresentando indicadores para o apoio à decisão a curto e longo prazo para os planejadores. Metodologia: Este estudo utilizou pesquisa documental do banco de dados públicos do sistema de saúde espanhol e DEA para avaliar a eficiência do atendimento prestado. As etapas para avaliar o impacto do SARS-CoV-2 na eficiência do sistema de saúde são descritas por uma estimativa da eficiência do SARS-CoV-2, seguida por uma comparação das eficiências decorrentes de simulação de cenários factíveis e das reduções de folgas de insumos durante o período demonstrando evento semana a semana utilizando uma linha de base. Resultados: As ações coordenadas para expandir a capacidade do sistema podem ser apresentadas, levando em consideração que insumos críticos podem contrariar o sistema de saúde da Espanha. Identificou-se que o número de enfermeiros foi considerado um insumo crítico. Se esse insumo não tiver tamanho adequado, o sistema de saúde poderá entrar em colapso em curto prazo. Considerações finais: As políticas de expansão no sistema de saúde foram observadas como modelo parcimonioso e com poucas contribuições, uma vez que o sistema de saúde utiliza números relativos de quantidades ideais de dispositivos para profissionais.
Treatment of multiple facial fractures in air crash survivor
Authors: Guerra Raphael Capelli , Santos Déborah Laurindo Pereira , Pulino Bianca de Fátima Borim , Pereira Rodrigo dos Santos , Faverani Leonardo Perez , Augusto Neto Renato Torres , Torres Luiz Henrique Soares , Rodrigues Bernardo José , Pastore Gabriel Pires , Hochuli- Vieira Eduardo
Published: January 2021

Panfacial fractures are due to high-energy trauma, making the treatment of patients since the first visit is challenging. Generally, these involve soft tissue injuries, comminuted fractures and even fragment loss. In addition to this, the surgical approach to facial reconstruction through the fixation of bone fragments can be postponed due to the patient's clinical conditions, which can lead the treatment to a more complex condition due to the possibility of infection, poor union of bone fragments and tissue contraction. The aim of this study is to discuss the clinical case of high-energy trauma caused by an air accident, leading to multiple facial and body fractures. And in this way contribute to the extremely limited scientific literature on the subject, with such etiology and significant facial trauma.
Prevalência de síndrome metabólica em usuários de um ambulatório de avaliação perioperatória
Authors: Reis Rayla Caroline Carvalho , Wilk Mirce Meire Gonçalves de Sousa , Gomes Sônia Maria Alves , Araujo Suely Moreira do Nascimento , Demes Francisca de Paula Carvalho
Published: January 2021

Objetivou-se identificar a prevalência e fatores associados à Síndrome Metabólica em pacientes atendidos em um ambulatório multiprofissional de medicina e enfermagem perioperatória. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, documental de natureza transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada em prontuários de pacientes submetidos à avaliação pré-anestésica em um ambulatório de medicina e enfermagem perioperatória. Resultados: A prevalência de Síndrome Metabólica (SM) foi de 54,4%, A população estudada caracterizou-se pelo predomínio de indivíduos do sexo feminino (67,6%), a média de idade foi 62,36 anos com e desvio padrão de 13,69. Verificou-se associação significativamente, com a idade, IMC, SAHOS, HAS, DM e ASA Conclusão: Os parâmetros relacionados aos componentes da síndrome metabólica se mostraram aumentados para circunferência abdominal, PAS, PAD, GJ, e TG, e reduzidos para HDL entre os diagnosticados com SM. Ademais valores de IMC indicativos de sobrepeso e obesidade e presença de HAS e DM foram observados.
Anthropogenic disturbances stimulate natural regeneration of Euxylophora paraensis Huber in a forest fragment in the eastern Amazon
Authors: Duarte Joyce Ananda Paixão , Silva José Natalino Macedo , Pires Jakeline Prata de Assis , Ferreira Gracialda Costa , Dionisio Luiz Fernandes Silva
Published: January 2021

In the Brazilian Amazon, forest fragments increase annually leading many species to local extinction. Euxylophora paraensis Huber is an endemic species whose natural habitat is restricted to the north of Brazil. The natural regeneration was evaluated using 10 circular plots of land each with a radius of 20 meters. The density of regenerating individuals at the edge and the interior of the fragment and the behavior in relation to the parent tree. The Periodic Annual Increment of the diameter and the height were calculated individually for each plant that remained alive during all four measurements and GLM (General Linear Model) was applied to verify if there were differences between environments and the size of the individuals.  The results show that the density of natural regeneration increases as the distance from the parent tree increases and has a significant negative correlation with canopy area, the smaller the canopy area the higher the density of individuals. Larger diametric growth was observed in saplings and small trees at the edge and larger increments of height in small trees were observed both at the edge and interior of the fragments. Therefore, natural regeneration is influenced by the process of forest fragmentation where the germination of seeds and establishment of saplings is favorable, however, there were no adult trees at the edge.
Effect of shading in physiological responses, milk yield and quality of Girolando cows
Authors: Dias Mariana Borges de Castro , Leão Karen Martins , Silva Marco Antônio Pereira da , Santos Karen Sofia R. , Araújo Neto Francisco Ribeiro de , Flávio Neto José , Marques Thaisa Campos , Nicolau Edmar Soares
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of providing shade to Girolando cows on milk yield and composition, physiological parameters, hemogram and blood pH. Two treatments were used: paddocks with and without shade. Animals were alternately kept in each treatment for a period of 15 days for three times. Milk production was recorded and measurements were taken for rectal temperature, skin surface and udder surface temperatures. A total of 24 blood samples were collected form each cow during the experimental procedure. This was done to compare the mean milk yield and chemical composition as well as physiological and blood parameters. The t-test was applied at 5% significance level. Milk urea was higher when the animals were kept in a shaded area. The morning recording for blood erythrocyte counts hematocrit, milk urea, rectal temperature, skin surface and udder surface temperatures showed interaction with respect to temperature ranges whereas the udder temperature in the afternoon showed a similar response. Girolando cows with 3/4 Holland + 1/4 Gyr and 7/8 Holland + 1/8 Gyr blood levels present an ability to adapt to the environment, and there was no effect of shading on milk yield and composition, physiological and blood parameters evaluated.
Crush Injury During Winter in the Backcountry: A Case Report
Authors: Keating Brad , Tobin Dennis
Published: January 2021

Crush injuries are complicated and uncommon in prehospital medicine. They combine the complications of traumatic injuries, medical syndromes, and technical rescue. This conflagration of complex management issues can be very difficult for prehospital providers to control. Managing a crush injury in an austere environment adds a much higher degree of complication. In this article we present the case of an adult male who sustained a right leg injury when a boulder pinned his leg on a trail in Eldorado Springs Canyon, Colorado during a winter storm with subfreezing temperatures. Remote location and a harsh environment added to the complexity of this already difficult patient injury. A positive outcome was achieved by early recognition of the potential for crush syndrome by the treating medics, a coordinated lift operation with rescue crews, and a prompt field evacuation via litter.Cu
SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİ MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN SAĞLIK ALGISI VE SAĞLIKLI YAŞAM BİÇİMİ DAVRANIŞLARININ BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: ÖZSOY Hatice , ŞENTÜRK Sibel
Published: January 2021

Bu araştırma, Sağlık hizmetleri meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin sağlık algısı ile sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışmanın evrenini Mart-Haziran 2019 tarih aralığında Gölhisar Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulunda eğitim ve öğretime devam eden tüm öğrenciler (890 öğrenci), örneklemi ise çalışmaya katılım sağlayan 600 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Sağlık Algısı Ölçeği (SAÖ)” ve “Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Ölçeği (SYBDÖ)” ile elde edilmiştir. Veriler; tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Mann-Whitney U testi, Kruskal-Wallis testi ve Spearman korelasyon analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada yer alan öğrencilerin %88.5’i 18-21 yaş aralığında, %70.8’i kadın ve %39.5’i tıbbi sekreterlik ve dokümantasyon bölümünde okumaktaydı. Öğrencilerin SAÖ toplam puan ortalaması 50.61±6.61 ve SYBDÖ toplam puan ortalaması ise 123.05±19.93 idi. Öğrencilerin okuduğu bölüm, sınıf ve genel sağlık durumu değişkenleriyle SAÖ ve SYBDÖ arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark tespit edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin SAÖ toplam puanı ile SYBDÖ toplam puanı arasında ise pozitif yönde zayıf bir ilişki belirlenmiştir (p=0.000, r=0.196). Meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin sağlık algısı arttıkça sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarının da arttığı belirlenmiş olup sağlık algısı ve sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarını arttırmak için ders müfredatlarına seçmeli derslerin eklenmesi, kurs ve seminerlerin düzenlenmesi önerilebilir.
HASTANEDE YATAN YAŞLI BİREYLERİN BAKIM BAĞIMLILIKLARI, HEMŞİRELİK BAKIMI İLE İLGİLİ DEĞERLENDİRMELERİ VE ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ
Authors: ÖZBUDAK Esra , OKSAY ŞAHİN Ayşegül
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışma, hastanede yatan yaşlı bireylerin bakım bağımlılıkları ve hemşirelik bakımı ile ilgili değerlendirmeleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi ve bazı değişkenlerle karşılaştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı, analitik bir çalışma olarak gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın evrenini iki kamu hastanesinde (bir devlet ve bir üniversite hastanesi) yatan yaşlı hastalar oluşturmuştur. Örneklem %95 güven aralığında %5 hata payı ile 379 hasta olarak hesaplanmış, katılım sağlayan 380 hastayla çalışma yapılmıştır. Veri toplamada “Bilgi Formu”, “Bakım Bağımlığı Ölçeği” ve “Hemşirelik Bakımını Değerlendirme Envanteri” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri; sayı, sıklık, yüzde, ortalama ± standart sapma, sıra ortalaması/medyan, Cronbach’s Alpha iç tutarlılık katsayısı, Kolmogorov Smirnov, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis ve post-hoc Dunnet’s testleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar için anlamlılık düzeyi p<0.05 alınmıştır. Grubun; %55,3'ünü kadınlar, %80,0'ini evliler, %49,2'sini ilköğretim mezunu olanlar, %62,9'unu dahili hastalıkları olanlar oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada bakım bağımlılığı ölçeği puan ortalaması 34,01±10,43 ve Hemşirelik Bakımını Değerlendirme Envanteri-(HBDE) puan ortalaması 226,97±25,94 olarak bulunmuştur. Dahili kliniklerde yatan yaşlı hastaların, cerrahi kliniklerde yatan hastalara göre hemşirelik bakımı değerlendirmeleri anlamlı olarak daha yüksektir (U=12947,50; p=0.002) (p<0.05). Çalışmada hastanede yatan yaşlı hastalar yüksek düzeyde bağımlı ve hastanede aldıkları hemşirelik bakımı iyi/yeterli düzeyde bulunmuştur.
Comparison of Interrelationship with Site Occupancy, Population Structure and Foraging Ecology of Lesser Whistling Duck (Dendrocygna javanica) Among 10 Wetland Habitats of Paya Indah Wetlands, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Mohamed Zakaria , Onwuka C Martins , Muhammad Nawaz Rajpar , Oluwatobi E Olaniyi
Published: January 2021

Protecting ecosystems in the vicinity of rapidly urbanizing areas requires continuous monitoring and assessment. Currently, the extent of occurrence <20,000 km2 combined of Lesser Whistling Duck (LWD) is declining or fluctuating in range size, habitat extent/quality and population size. It is mostly found in either small number or small fragmented locations due to limited source of food variety. Hence, the study aimed to evaluate the interrelationship among site occupancy, population structure and foraging ecology of LWD (Dendrocygna javanica) among 10 wetland habitats in a Paya Indah Wetland (PIW), Peninsular Malaysia. Population analysis indicated that PIW harbored LWD density of 4.66 ± 1.12 birds/ha and relative abundance of 1,234 bird individuals. The highest naïve occupancy (NO=0.80), occupancy (Ψ=0.80 ± 0.18) and detection probability (P=0.98 ± 0.01) was detected for Belibis habitat and the lowest occupancy (Ψ=0.31 ± 0.04) in Kemoning habitat. LWD foraged on vegetation predominantly aquatic plants and as well as small vertebrates. The Akaike Information Criteria indicated that, the LWD had significant relationships with occupancy models (R2=0.93) and positive/strong correlationship with food varieties (R2=0.95). The findings indicated that Belibis wetland habitat harbored the highest LWD in terms of relative abundance and density than the other 10 wetland habitats. This study concludes that the interrelationship of site occupancy, density, and foraging ecology of LWD varied among different habitats.
Exercise Training Stabilizes RyR2-Dependent Ca2+ Release in Post-infarction Heart Failure
Authors: Danielsen Tore Kristian , Sadredini Mani , Manotheepan Ravinea , Aronsen Jan Magnus , Frisk Michael , Hansen Marie Haugsten , Andressen Kjetil Wessel , Hougen Karina , Levy Finn Olav , Louch William E. , Sejersted Ole Mathias , Sjaastad Ivar , Stokke Mathis Korseberg
Published: January 2021

Aim: Dysfunction of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is an almost ubiquitous finding in animal models of heart failure (HF) and results in abnormal Ca2+ release in cardiomyocytes that contributes to contractile impairment and arrhythmias. We tested whether exercise training (ET), as recommended by current guidelines, had the potential to stabilize RyR2-dependent Ca2+ release in rats with post-myocardial infarction HF.

Materials and Methods: We subjected male Wistar rats to left coronary artery ligation or sham operations. After 1 week, animals were characterized by echocardiography and randomized to high-intensity interval ET on treadmills or to sedentary behavior (SED). Running speed was adjusted based on a weekly VO2max test. We repeated echocardiography after 5 weeks of ET and harvested left ventricular cardiomyocytes for analysis of RyR2-dependent systolic and spontaneous Ca2+ release. Phosphoproteins were analyzed by Western blotting, and beta-adrenoceptor density was quantified by radioligand binding.

Results: ET increased VO2max in HF-ET rats to 127% of HF-SED (P < 0.05). This coincided with attenuated spontaneous SR Ca2+ release in left ventricular cardiomyocytes from HF-ET but also reduced Ca2+ transient amplitude and slowed Ca2+ reuptake during adrenoceptor activation. However, ventricular diameter and fractional shortening were unaffected by ET. Analysis of Ca2+ homeostasis and major proteins involved in the regulation of SR Ca2+ release and reuptake could not explain the attenuated spontaneous SR Ca2+ release or reduced Ca2+ transient amplitude. Importantly, measurements of beta-adrenoceptors showed a normalization of beta1-adrenoceptor density and beta1:beta2-adrenoceptor ratio in HF-ET.

Conclusion: ET increased aerobic capacity in post-myocardial infarction HF rats and stabilized RyR2-dependent Ca2+ release. Our data show that these effects of ET can be gained without major alterations in SR Ca2+ regulatory proteins and indicate that future studies should include upstream parts of the sympathetic signaling pathway.
Micro-Textural Controls on Magma Rheology and Vulcanian Explosion Cyclicity
Authors: Bain Amelia A. , Kendrick Jackie E. , Lamur Anthony , Lavallée Yan , Calder Eliza S. , Cortés Joaquín A. , Cortés Gloria Patricia , Gómez Martinez Diego , Torres Roberto A.
Published: January 2021

Understanding the relationship between degassing, crystallization processes and eruption style is a central goal in volcanology, in particular how these processes modulate the magnitude and timing of cyclical Vulcanian explosions in intermediate magmas. To investigate the influence of variations in crystal micro-textures on magma rheology and eruption dynamics, we conducted high-temperature (940°C) uniaxial compression experiments at conditions simulating a shallow volcanic conduit setting on eight samples of high-crystallinity andesite with variable plagioclase microlite populations from the 2004 to 2010 Vulcanian explosions of Galeras volcano, Colombia. Experiments were conducted at different strain rates to measure the rate-dependence of apparent viscosities and assess the dominant deformation processes associated with shear. Variations in plagioclase micro-textures are associated with apparent viscosities spanning over one order of magnitude for a given strain rate. Samples with low numbers of large prismatic microlites behaved consistently with published rheological laws for crystalline dome samples, and displayed extensive micro-cracking. Samples with high numbers of small tabular microlites showed a lower apparent viscosity and were less shear-thinning. The data suggest a spectrum of rheological behavior controlled by concurrent variations in microlite number, size and shape. We use previously published micro-textural data for time-constrained samples to model the apparent viscosity of magma erupted during the 2004–2010 sequence of Vulcanian explosions and compare these results with observed SO2 fluxes. We propose that variations in magma decompression rate, which are known to produce systematic textural differences in the plagioclase microlite cargo, govern differences in magma rheology in the shallow conduit. These rheological differences are likely to affect the rate at which magma densifies as a result of outgassing, leading to magmatic plugs with a range of porosities and permeabilities. The existence of magmatic plugs with variable physical properties has important implications for the development of critical overpressure driving Vulcanian explosions, and thus for hazard assessment during volcanic crises. We suggest a new conceptual model to explain eruption style at andesitic volcanoes based on micro-textural and rheological differences between “plug-forming” and “dome-forming” magma. We advance that existing rheological laws describing the behavior of andesitic magma based on experiments on dome rocks are inappropriate for modeling large Vulcanian explosions (∼106 m3), as the magma involved in these eruptions lacks the characteristics required to form exogenous lava domes.
Applications of eDNA Metabarcoding for Vertebrate Diversity Studies in Northern Colombian Water Bodies
Authors: Lozano Mojica Juan Diego , Caballero Susana
Published: January 2021

Environmental DNA metabarcoding is a tool with increasing use worldwide. The uses of such technology have been validated several times for diversity census, invasive species detection, and endangered/cryptic/elusive species detection and monitoring. With the help of this technology, water samples collected (n = 37) from several main river basins and other water bodies of the northern part of Colombia, including the Magdalena, Sinú, Atrato, and San Jorge river basins, were filtered and analyzed and processed using universal 12S primers for vertebrate fauna and NGS. Over 200 native taxa were detected, the majority of them being fish species but also including amphibia, reptiles, and several non-aquatic species of birds and mammals (around 78, 3, 2, 9, and 8%, respectively). Among the matches, vulnerable, and endangered species such as the catfish Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum and the Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus) were detected. The manual revision of the data revealed some geographical incongruencies in classification. No invasive species were detected in the filters. This is, to our knowledge, the first time this technique is used in rivers of the country and this tool promises to bring advances in monitoring and conservation efforts, since its low cost and fast deployment allows for sampling in small periods of time, together with the fact that it can detect a wide range of species, allows for a new way of censing the vertebrate diversity in Colombia. Diversity analysis showed how the species identified using this method point to expected community structure although still much needs to be improved in rates of detection and genomic reference databases. This technique could be used in citizen science projects involving local communities in these regions.
Effects of Grazing Enclosures on Species Diversity, Phenology, Biomass, and Carrying Capacity in Borana Rangeland, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Fenetahun Yeneayehu , Yuan You , Xinwen Xu , Yongdong Wang
Published: January 2021

A grazing enclosure (GE) is one of the most effective techniques for restoring degraded rangelands by modifying the composition, abundance, and diversity of species. However, the effect of GEs on different grazing intensities and durations compared to open-grazing (OG) rangelands is not well known. We aimed to assess the effect of GE on the characteristics of plant species. We established five plots in a short-term enclosure, a long-term enclosure, and an OG treatment to examine the effect of GE on vegetation species’ height, abundance, diversity, phenology, biomass, heterogeneity, and the carrying capacity (CC) of rangeland under grazed and enclosed conditions. We found that GE significantly (P< 0.05) increased vegetation height, abundance, biomass, CC, phenological period, and species diversity. However, the increase in height, diversity, and phenological periods were not consistent with enclosure duration, and higher increments were recorded at the short-term enclosure site. The highest Shannon index value recorded at StGE (2.45) was 28.6 and 12.2% greater than the LtGE (1.75) and OG (2.15) sites, respectively. The advanced phenological periods were higher at the StGE site and showed 22.6 and 60.3% higher values than the LtGE and OG sites, respectively. The highest carrying capacities of 23.4 and 114.3% for livestock were observed at the LtGE compared to the StGE and OG grazing sites. In addition, the heterogeneity of the plants’ community was significantly higher in the long-term GE, due to the decrease in species’ diversity. In conclusion, this paper further contributes to the development of the theoretical basis on the effects of GEs and recommends strategies like rotational grazing and reseeding to be used in tandem with a GE for sustainable management of rangelands.
Systematic Prioritization of Candidate Genes in Disease Loci Identifies TRAFD1 as a Master Regulator of IFNγ Signaling in Celiac Disease
Authors: van der Graaf Adriaan , Zorro Maria M. , Claringbould Annique , Võsa Urmo , Aguirre-Gamboa Raúl , Li Chan , Mooiweer Joram , Ricaño-Ponce Isis , Borek Zuzanna , Koning Frits , Kooy-Winkelaar Yvonne , Sollid Ludvig M. , Qiao Shuo-Wang , Kumar Vinod , Li Yang , Franke Lude , Withoff Sebo , Wijmenga Cisca , Sanna Serena , Jonkers Iris ,   BIOS Consortium
Published: January 2021

Celiac disease (CeD) is a complex T cell-mediated enteropathy induced by gluten. Although genome-wide association studies have identified numerous genomic regions associated with CeD, it is difficult to accurately pinpoint which genes in these loci are most likely to cause CeD. We used four different in silico approaches—Mendelian randomization inverse variance weighting, COLOC, LD overlap, and DEPICT—to integrate information gathered from a large transcriptomics dataset. This identified 118 prioritized genes across 50 CeD-associated regions. Co-expression and pathway analysis of these genes indicated an association with adaptive and innate cytokine signaling and T cell activation pathways. Fifty-one of these genes are targets of known drug compounds or likely druggable genes, suggesting that our methods can be used to pinpoint potential therapeutic targets. In addition, we detected 172 gene combinations that were affected by our CeD-prioritized genes in trans. Notably, 41 of these trans-mediated genes appear to be under control of one master regulator, TRAF-type zinc finger domain containing 1 (TRAFD1), and were found to be involved in interferon (IFN)γ signaling and MHC I antigen processing/presentation. Finally, we performed in vitro experiments in a human monocytic cell line that validated the role of TRAFD1 as an immune regulator acting in trans. Our strategy confirmed the role of adaptive immunity in CeD and revealed a genetic link between CeD and IFNγ signaling as well as with MHC I antigen processing, both major players of immune activation and CeD pathogenesis.
Integration of Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Analysis Revealed the Early Response Mechanism of Sugarcane to Cold Stress
Authors: Huang Xing , Liang Yongsheng , Zhang Baoqing , Song Xiupeng , Li Yangrui , Qin Zhengqiang , Li Dewei , Chen Rongfa , Zhou Zhongfeng , Deng Yuchi , Wei Jiguang , Wu Jianming
Published: January 2021

Cold stress causes major losses to sugarcane production, yet the precise molecular mechanisms that cause losses due to cold stress are not well-understood. To survey miRNAs and genes involved in cold tolerance, RNA-seq, miRNA-seq, and integration analyses were performed on Saccharum spontaneum. Results showed that a total of 118,015 genes and 6,034 of these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analyses revealed that ABA signaling via protein phosphatase 2Cs was the most important signal transduction pathway and late embryogenesis abundant protein was the hub protein associated with adaptation to cold stress. Furthermore, a total of 856 miRNAs were identified in this study and 109 of them were differentially expressed in sugarcane responding to cold stress. Most importantly, the miRNA–gene regulatory networks suggested the complex post-transcriptional regulation in sugarcane under cold stress, including 10 miRNAs−42 genes, 16 miRNAs−70 genes, and three miRNAs−18 genes in CT vs. LT0.5, CT vs. LT1, and CT0.5 vs. LT1, respectively. Specifically, key regulators from 16 genes encoding laccase were targeted by novel-Chr4C_47059 and Novel-Chr4A_40498, while five LRR-RLK genes were targeted by Novel-Chr6B_65233 and Novel-Chr5D_60023, 19 PPR repeat proteins by Novel-Chr5C_57213 and Novel-Chr5D_58065. Our findings suggested that these miRNAs and cell wall-related genes played vital regulatory roles in the responses of sugarcane to cold stress. Overall, the results of this study provide insights into the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory network underlying the responses of sugarcane to cold stress.
Prostate Cancer Peripheral Blood NK Cells Show Enhanced CD9, CD49a, CXCR4, CXCL8, MMP-9 Production and Secrete Monocyte-Recruiting and Polarizing Factors
Authors: Gallazzi Matteo , Baci Denisa , Mortara Lorenzo , Bosi Annalisa , Buono Giuseppe , Naselli Angelo , Guarneri Andrea , Dehò Federico , Capogrosso Paolo , Albini Adriana , Noonan Douglas M. , Bruno Antonino
Published: January 2021

Natural killer (NK) cells, effector lymphocytes of the innate immunity, have been shown to be altered in several cancers, both at tissue and peripheral levels. We have shown that in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and colon cancer, tumour associated circulating NK (TA-NK) and tumour infiltrating NK (TI-NK) exhibit pro-angiogenic phenotype/functions. However, there is still a lack of knowledge concerning the phenotype of peripheral blood (PB) NK (pNK) cells in prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we phenotypically and functionally characterized pNK from PCa patients (PCa TA-NKs) and investigated their interactions with endothelial cells and monocytes/macrophages. NK cell subset distribution in PB of PCa patients was investigated, by multicolor flow cytometry, for surface antigens expression. Protein arrays were performed to characterize the secretome on FACS-sorted pNK cells. Conditioned media (CM) from FACS-sorted PCa pTA-NKs were used to determine their ability to induce pro-inflammatory/pro-angiogenic phenotype/functions in endothelial cells, monocytes, and macrophages. CM from three different PCa (PC-3, DU-145, LNCaP) cell lines, were used to assess their effects on human NK cell polarization in vitro, by multicolor flow cytometry. We found that PCa pTA-NKs acquire the CD56brightCD9+CD49a+CXCR4+ phenotype, increased the expression of markers of exhaustion (PD-1, TIM-3) and are impaired in their degranulation capabilities. Similar effects were observed on healthy donor-derived pNK cells, exposed to conditioned media of three different PCa cell lines, together with increased production of pro-inflammatory chemokines/chemokine receptors CXCR4, CXCL8, CXCL12, reduced production of TNFα, IFNγ and Granzyme-B. PCa TA-NKs released factors able to support inflammatory angiogenesis in an in vitro model and increased the expression of CXCL8, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 mRNA in endothelial cells. Secretome analysis revealed the ability of PCa TA-NKs to release pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines involved in monocyte recruitment and M2-like polarization. Finally, CMs from PCa pTA-NKs recruit THP-1 and peripheral blood CD14+ monocyte and polarize THP-1 and peripheral blood CD14+ monocyte-derived macrophage towards M2-like/TAM macrophages. Our results show that PCa pTA-NKs acquire properties related to the pro-inflammatory angiogenesis in endothelial cells, recruit monocytes and polarize macrophage to an M2-like type phenotype. Our data provides a rationale for a potential use of pNK profiling in PCa patients.
The Monocytes That Repopulate in Mice After Cyclophosphamide Treatment Acquire a Neutrophil Precursor Gene Signature and Immunosuppressive Activity
Authors: Ding Zhi-Chun , Aboelella Nada S. , Bryan Locke , Shi Huidong , Zhou Gang
Published: January 2021

Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is a major component of the chemotherapy conditioning regimens used in the clinic to prepare cancer patients for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or adoptive T cell therapy. Previous studies have shown that CTX given at nonmyeloablative doses in mice and patients leads to expansion of myeloid cells within which the monocytic subset exhibits immunosuppressive activity. However, the ontogeny and gene expression signature of these CTX-induced monocytes are not well-defined. Here, we report that the expansion of myeloid cells is a default process intrinsic to hematopoietic recovery after chemotherapy. During this process, the monocytes repopulated in mice acquire immunosuppressive activity, which can persist long after cessation of chemotherapy. Moreover, monocytes acquire a gene signature characteristic of neutrophil precursors, marked by increased proliferative capability and elevated expressions of multiple primary and secondary granules. We provide evidence that CTX-induced myeloid cell expansion is regulated by DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) and dependent on chemotherapy-induced microbial translocation. These findings help advance our understanding of the differentiation, heterogeneity, and function of myeloid cells repopulating after chemotherapy.
NK Cell Subsets Changes in Partial Remission and Early Stages of Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Gomez-Muñoz Laia , Perna-Barrull David , Villalba Adrian , Rodriguez-Fernandez Silvia , Ampudia Rosa-Maria , Teniente-Serra Aina , Vazquez Federico , Murillo Marta , Perez Jacobo , Corripio Raquel , Bel Joan , Vives-Pi Marta
Published: January 2021

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by the autoimmune destruction of β-cells in the pancreatic islets. T1D is preceded by islet-specific inflammation led by several immune cells. Among them, natural killer (NK) cells are emerging as important players in T1D development. Human NK cells are characterized by CD56 and CD16 expression, which allows classifying NK cells into four subsets: 1) CD56dimCD16+ or effector NK cells (NKeff); 2) CD56brightCD16− or regulatory NK cells (NKreg); 3) intermediate CD56brightCD16+ NK cells; and 4) CD56dimCD16− NK cells, whose function is not well determined. Since many studies have shown that T1D progression is associated with changes in various immune cell types, we hypothesize that the kinetics of NK cell subsets in the blood could correlate with different stages of T1D. To that aim, pediatric patients newly diagnosed with T1D were recruited, and peripheral NK cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry at several disease checkpoints: disease onset, partial remission (PR), 8 months (for non-remitters), and 12 months of progression. Our results showed that total NK cells and their four subsets are altered at the early stages of T1D. A decrease in the counts and percentage of total NK cells and NKeff cells at the different disease stages was found when compared to controls. These results suggest the extravasation of these cells into the islets at disease onset, which is maintained throughout the follow-up. By contrast, NKreg cells increased during the early stages after T1D onset, and both intermediate NK cells and CD56dimCD16- NK cells diminished at the PR stage, which might reflect the immunoregulatory attempts and could be candidate biomarkers for this stage. Also, CD56dimCD16- NK cells increased during T1D progression. Finally, changes in CD16 expression were identified in the different T1D stages, highlighting a CD16 expression reduction in total NK cells and NKeff cells 1 year after diagnosis. That may reflect a state of exhaustion after multiple cell-to-cell interactions. Altogether, our preliminary data provide a longitudinal picture of peripheral NK cell subpopulations during the different T1D stages, which could be potential candidate biomarkers indicators of disease progression.
Nitrogen in Atmospheric Wet Depositions Over the East Indian Ocean and West Pacific Ocean: Spatial Variability, Source Identification, and Potential Influences
Authors: Jiang Shan , Jin Jie , Jiang Shuo , Wu Ying , Wang Jianing , Chen Ju , Zhang Zhenqiu , Liu Sumei , Chang Yan , Wang Lingyan , Zhang Jing
Published: January 2021

Atmospheric deposition is the dominant pathway for the loading of exogenous nitrogen (N) to open ocean. Here, rainwater samples were collected from 31 stations in the equatorial East Indian Ocean (EIO) and West Pacific Ocean (WPO) to explore the spatial variability of N species, potential sources, and related ecological influences. Among two oceans, nitrate (NO3–) and ammonium (NH4+) were the main components in the rainwater N inventory. NO3–concentrations varied from 0.19 to 100.5 μM, whereas NH4+concentrations ranged from 0.54 to 110.6 μM. Among all stations, low concentrations of NO3–and NH4+appeared in the remote ocean, whereas high concentrations were observed at the stations near the Malacca Strait and New Guinea, coupled with an enhancement of non-sea salt major ions, e.g., calcium ions (Ca2+) and sulfate (SO42–), revealing the influence from coastal human activities, such as coal and gasoline combustion. In the remote ocean, δ15N–NH4+ranged from −5.7 to −9.3‰, whereas it dropped to -15.5‰ near coasts. A logarithmic decay between δ15N–NH4+and NH4+concentrations in rainwater samples was obtained, suggesting a shift from natural source (seawater emission) in oceanic precipitation events to anthropogenic source (chemical fertilizer volatilization and vehicle exhaust) in coastal rainwaters. δ15N–NO3–in the remote ocean varied between −1.7 and 0.4‰ with low levels found in the WPO, likely related to the ascending air flow driven by the Walker Circulation. In coastal oceans, δ15N–NO3–ranged from 1.5 to 3.5‰. The linkage between δ15N–NO3–and NO3–concentrations varied in two oceans, resulting from difference in biological and fossil fuel combustion contributions. Compared with ocean surface water, N in the rainwater was markedly enriched, suggesting that N from atmospheric wet depositions could rapidly enhance the dissolved N availability in ocean surface water. However, the N redundancy according to the Redfield–Brzezinski ratio (N:Si:P = 16:16:1) in the rainwater might benefit from the growth of N-preference phytoplankton species and microbes. As the first study on N concentrations, sources, and stoichiometry balance in rainwater over the equatorial WPO and EIO, the results could be a support to the global N budget estimation and oceanic primary production modeling.
Molecular Docking Reveals Ivermectin and Remdesivir as Potential Repurposed Drugs Against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Eweas Ahmad F. , Alhossary Amr A. , Abdel-Moneim Ahmed S.
Published: January 2021

SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerged coronavirus that causes a respiratory disease with variable severity and fatal consequences. It was first reported in Wuhan and subsequently caused a global pandemic. The viral spike protein binds with the ACE-2 cell surface receptor for entry, while TMPRSS2 triggers its membrane fusion. In addition, RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), 3′–5′ exoribonuclease (nsp14), viral proteases, N, and M proteins are important in different stages of viral replication. Accordingly, they are attractive targets for different antiviral therapeutic agents. Although many antiviral agents have been used in different clinical trials and included in different treatment protocols, the mode of action against SARS-CoV-2 is still not fully understood. Different potential repurposed drugs, including, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, remdesivir, and favipiravir, were screened in the present study. Molecular docking of these drugs with different SARS-CoV-2 target proteins, including spike and membrane proteins, RdRp, nucleoproteins, viral proteases, and nsp14, was performed. Moreover, the binding affinities of the human ACE-2 receptor and TMPRSS2 to the different drugs were evaluated. Molecular dynamics simulation and MM-PBSA calculation were also conducted. Ivermectin and remdesivir were found to be the most promising drugs. Our results suggest that both these drugs utilize different mechanisms at the entry and post-entry stages and could be considered potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 replication.
A Sharp Decline in Burden of Stroke in Rural China During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Liu Jie , Yang Qiaoxia , Zhang Xin , Lin Qiuxing , Yang Yuan , Guo Dandan , Mao Wenjing , Tu Jun , Liu Zeping , Li Jidong , Ning Xianjia , Wang Jinghua
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to explore trends in the burden from stroke associated with home quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients with a first-ever stroke registered between January 1 and April 20 from 2010 to 2020 were included in this study. We compared the incidence and the rates of mortality, hospitalization, and diagnosis by neuroimaging for first-ever stroke among a low-income population in rural China during the study periods. Overall, 377 first-ever stroke patients were analyzed in this study period; men accounted for 59.2%. Compared with 2019, the incidence of first-ever stroke was 73.5% lower in 2020 (P < 0.001). The incidence of first-ever stroke was lower by 64.18% in 2020 than in the previous 5 years (P = 0.002) and by 65.42% in 2020 than in the previous 10 years (P = 0.001). Mortality from first-ever stroke in 2020 was not significantly different from that in 2019, but it was noticeably lower than that for the previous 5 and 10 years. However, rates of hospitalization and diagnosis by neuroimaging remained stable across the study period. These findings suggest that the home quarantine helped reduce outdoor activities at low temperatures, restrict gatherings, reduce alcoholism and high-fat diet, and lower pollution caused by factories. These changes were advantageous for helping high-risk groups to reduce the burden of stroke.