bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variation in the size of eggs and the numbers and distribution of testes in the tapeworm, Echinococcus granulosus
Authors: Al-Amery A. M.
Published: May 2021

Morphological variation in helminthes parasites is a well- established phenomenon and may have manysources and important taxonomic implications. The morphological differences between the two isolates ofEchinococcus granulosus were the dimensions of worm total length , number of the developing segment ,testes distribution , details of the cirrus sac and position of genital pore .The results of present study indicatethat there is a form of the parasite is adapted to donkey and other in camel have some differences inmorphological also biological features not tackled in the present work .Genetic study is required for straindetection for clarification of the situation in a country .
EFFECT OF VINEGER ADDED TO DRINKING WATER ON THE BROILER PERFORMANCE DURING SUMMER SEASON
Authors: Al- Shadeed Mohammad J.B.
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted at poultry farm of the College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during the period from the 21st of July to 26th of August of 2001 toidentify the effects of vineger on broiler performance at the two weeks of breeding period during summer season. One hundred and twenty unsexed faw-bro broiler chicks divided randomly into two equal groups consisted of 60 chicks in each (3 replicate of 20 chicks each ) they were exposed to one of the following treatments:-- Treatment 1: tap water for the 7 and 8 weeks of age.- Treatment 2: water + vineger (0.1%) for the same period.The results showed that treat.2 enhanced significantly (P<0.05) body weight compared with treat.1 . The mean body weight were 1200 and 1150 gm at 7 weeks of age and 1500 , 1400 at 8 weeks of age respectively. Also adding 0.1% vineger to drinking water improved significantly (P<0.05) feed intake, feed conversion and decreased mortality at 7 and 8 weeks of age
Study the antinociceptive effect of the Zingiber officinale ethanolic extract and Vitamin C in rats
Authors: AL- Shebani Wisam. H. S.
Published: May 2021

The present study was designed to investigate the antinociceptive activity of seperate andcombined treatments of ethanol extract of Zingiber officinale rhizomes and vitamin C onvisceral nociception induced by intraperitoneal injection of 2% acetic acid which producedwrithing in rats. The preliminary chemical tests were performed on the extract and revealed thepresence of flavanoids, alkaloids and tannins. Visceral nociceptive responses including thelatency time to beginning of the first writhe, number of writhes per hour and the inhibitionpercentage of writhing. Seperate i. p. injection of ethanol extract of Zingiber officinale at dose of25 and 50 mg/kg BW caused significant (P<0.01) increase in latency time and significant(P<0.01) reduction in writhing number. Seperated i. p. injection of vitamin C at dose of 10mg/kg BW caused significant (P<0.05) reduction in writhing number, whereas, i. p injection ofvitamin C at dose of 15 mg/kg BW produced significant prolongation in latency time andreduction in writhing number (P<0.01). Combined treatment with ethanol extract ofZingiber officinale at dose of 25 mg/kg BW and vitamin C at dose of 10 mg/kg BW. i.p.produced significant suppression (P<0.01) in pain responses as compared with the effect of thesame doses when used each seperately. It is concluded that both ethanol extract of Zingiberofficinale rhizomes and vitamin C are able to suppress visceral pain, and vitamin C potentiatesthe antinociceptive effect of the ethanol extract of Zingiber officinale rhizomes
The effect of mild Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) conditions on acid tolerance, bile tolerance, growth and protease activity of the Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus LB-12.
Authors: Najim Najim Hadi
Published: May 2021

Pulsed electric field (PEF) processing involves the application of pulses of voltage for less than one second to fluid products placed between two electrodes. So this study was conducted for the quantitative assessments of mild PEF conditions on acid tolerance, growth, bile tolerance and protease activity of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus LB-12. The control and PEF treated samples were prepared by inoculating 10 ml of freshly thawed culture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus LB-12 into 990 ml of sterile 0.1% (wt/v) peptone water and treated in a pilot plant PEF system (OSU-4M). The treatments were positive square unipolar pulse width of 3 μs, pulse period of 0.5 second, voltage of 1 kV/cm, delay time of 20 μs and flow rate of 60 ml/min at 40.5°C. The control was passed through the PEF system (60 ml/min) without receiving any pulsed electric field condition. The acid tolerance was determined every 30 minutes for 120 minutes of incubation in acidified MRS broth at pH 2. Growth was determined hourly for 25 hours of incubation at 37°C in MRS broth. The bile tolerance was determined hourly for 16 hours of incubation in MRS-Thio broth . Samples were plated in duplicates using pH modified Lactobacilli MRS agar. The petriplates were incubated anaerobically at 43C for 72 hours. Protease activity was determined by o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) UV- spectrophotometric assay at 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours of incubation of conducted. inoculated skim milk at 40°C. Three replications were The control. The stationary phase of the bacterium was between hours 10 and 18. Moreover significant experimental design was repeated measurements on complete randomized block, Replications were the blocks. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed model of Statistical Analysis System (SAS).The viability of the control Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus LB-12 was lost after 30 minutes of incubation in acidified MRS broth (pH 2), whereas, the bacterium subjected to mild PEF treatment was acid tolerant until the end of 120 minutes of incubation. Mild PEF significantly improved acid tolerance of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus LB-12. and the growth reached the logarithmic phase an hour earlier than the decrease
Prevalence of Parasitic Infection in Sheep From different Regions in Baghdad
Authors: Fadl Shehella Rsul
Published: May 2021

This research concerns (306)faecal samples from different regions in Baghdad from sheep were examined,the results showed that 230 samples were infected with gastrointestinal parasites with total rate 75.1% which included : 49.0% of coccidiosis ( 9 species of Eimeria were recorded E.parva, E.ovina, E.crandalli s, E. weybridgensi, E. pallida, E. granulosa E .faurei, E. ovinadalis E.marsica) , 21.2% Nematodes 7.84% ,6.5% ,4.5%, 2.2% for Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus ,Nematodiru,and Trichuris in respectively , while the percentage of trematodes & cestodes infections were 4.9% for fasciola 2.28% , Paramphistomum 1.6% , Moniezia 0.9% .Age factor influenced on infection percentage it is higher in younger with coccidiosis infection 25.4% while it is higher in aged animals with nematodes% 10.13 & 1.96% for trematodes & cestodes. Prevalence of coccidiosis infection showed seasonal diversity it is higher in winter, while the rate of infection with nematodes & trematodes is higher in summer & lowers in winter.
Attempt of Experimental Transmission of Hydatid Infection from Human to Dogs
Authors: Atia Amall Hassen
Published: May 2021

An experimental infection of 3 dogs with protoscoleces of human origin were carried out Hydatid cyst was surgical removed from 26 years old female. On autopsy all dogs were found not harbor any Echinococcus granulosus worms Infection with the metacestode stage in unusual intermediate hosts failure for procreation which do not play a role in the transmission cycle in Iraq. In conclusions: the reason could be related between the host and chemical composition of hydatid fluid failure of induces infection
Pathological Changes of Immunized Rabbits with proteus vulgaris Fimbriae Antigen
Authors: Faleh Enaam Bader
Published: May 2021

The study was carried to investigate pathological effects of fimbrial antigen of proteus vulgaris 20 rabbit has been divided into (4) equal groups The first group immunized subcutaneous twicely with (01) ml of pv fimberial Ag (200 μ/ml) with 2 week interval the second group was treated as the 1st group but in a dose containing 100 μ/ml. Third and fourth group considered as positive and negative control groups respectively. After 45 days post immunization first second and third groups were challenged with 01ml of bacteria suspension contain (107x5cfu/ml) of virulent pvulgaris. All rabbits of the third group died during 24-48 hr post challenge with severe congestion in all internal organs associated with necrotic foci mainly in liver and kidney at days 3-20 post challenge immunized infected rabbits (died and survival) were sacrified histopathologically the third group showed focal necrosis and polymorphonuclear cells (PMNCs) infiltration in liver parenchyma pulmonary edema with severe congestion and depletion of spleen Mild pathological changes were revealed in the 1st and 2nd immunized groups characterized by kupffer cell proliferation dilation of sinusoids with mononuclear cells (MNCs) aggregation (mainly lymphocyte) around blood vessels lymphoid hyperplasia in spleen with hyperplasia of goblet cells and secretion of mucin in the intestine mainly in the first groupfimberial antigen considered as effective immunogen for protecting rabbits against p volgaris infection and it is synchronized with dose of this antigen.
Study the Immune Response of Conjunctival Vaccinated Sheep and Goats with Locally Produced S19 Vaccine for Controlling the Brucellosis
Authors: احمد وفاء عبدالاله
Published: May 2021

Two flocks of sheep and goats (30 and 35 animals) were vaccinated by locally produced S19 vaccine, each animal instilled with 2 X 109 cfu in each drop conjunctively. From each flock, a group of 10 heads was used to study the immune response serologically at intervals 2, 4, 6, 8, and 19 week through blood samples using the rose bengal plate test (RBPT) and serum agglutination test (SAT) to determine Ab titres. The results of RBPT were 100% positive till 6 and 8 weeks in sheep and goats respectively, while SAT showed means of Ab titer after vaccination 100, 84, 47, 21, and 7 in sheep while in goats reached 144, 192, 100, 62, and 13. Also, the cellular immune response was evaluated by prepared Peptidoglycan Brucellin (PGB), which was injected in 10 guinea pigs through 4 concentrations 10, 100, 200, and 500 µg, 200 µg was used in brucellin test at the sixth and thirteenth week after vaccination, the antigen caused erythemia and induration in the vaccinated sheep and goats while the test give negative results in non-vaccinated animals. The study revealed that the conjunctival route is more safe, easy, and economic, and also the rapid reduce of Abs titer compared with subcutaneous route. Also, it is noticed that there were no side effects in the conjunctival route comparatively with subcutaneous route such as inflammation, abscess, and screw worm in the worm infestation in the site of injection. The study concluded the possibility of using conjunctival route in the vaccination campaign for controlling brucellosis in sheep and goats and also possibility of using one vaccine for different field animals against brucellosis.
Effect of Vitamin C and Selenium on Some Physiological and Reproductive Characters in Adult Roosters Exposed to Oxidative Stress Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: المعاضيدي محمودسالم محمدشيت
Published: May 2021

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Vitamin C (450 mg/kg diet) and sodium selenite (0.5 mg/kg diet) in adult white Leghorn male chickens (30 weeks of age), whose concomitantly exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) supplemented with drinking water for 6 weeks on reproductive performance. Semen were collected at 0, 2, 4 and 6weeks, The study results showed that hydrogen peroxide treatment caused a significant decrease in the body weight, sperm concentration, mass motility and individual motility during experimental period. Also a decrease in testosterone and testis glutathione concentration at the 6th week of the treatment, accompanied with a significant increase in dead and abnormal sperm percentage, testis malondialdehyde level compared with the control group. Histopathological changes revealed presence of necrosis and sloughing in the epithelial lining of the semineferous tubules and vacuolar degeneration of the supporting cells that fall in the lumen of the semineferous tubules and necrosis of interstitial cells. Vitamin C and sodium selenite with hydrogen peroxide caused a significant increase in body weight, sperm concentration, mass motility and individual motility during the experimental period, testosterone and glutathione level, accompanied with a significant decrease in dead and abnormal sperm percentages and Malondialdehyde level compared with hydrogen peroxide. In addition to the improvement in the histological picture of the semineferous tubules, mitosis germ cells were observed through their arrangement in circular tubules. It was concluded from this study that Vitamin C and Sodium selenite reverse the adverse effects produced by hydrogen peroxide on certain physiological and reproductive aspects in adult male chickens.
Histological Structure of The Optic Tectum in The Fresh Water Turtle in The Clemmys caspica caspica (Gmelin, 1774)
Authors: Al-Ritha Nahla Abid
Published: May 2021

A histological study was conducted to examine the structure of optic tectum in Clemmys caspica caspica. The results showed that the optic tectum consist of seven strata and the third stratum consists of three substrata, as follows: The stratum zonula (SZ), the stratum opticum (SO), the stratum griseum et fibrosum superficiale (SGFS) which consist of three substrata are a, b, c, the stratum griseum centrale (SGC), the stratum album centrale (SAC), the stratum griseum periventriculare (SGP), and the stratum album periventriculare (SAP). The stratum zonula (SZ) was the thinnest stratum in the optic tectum and its main thickness was (17-19) μm, while the stratum griseum et fibrosum superficiale (SGFS) was the thickest and its main thickness was (234-243) μm.The stratum opticum (SO), which represents the second stratum called the optic fibers tract, it was found that the optic fibers enter the optic tectum through this stratum while these fibers goout from optic tectum through the (SGP) which is the sixth stratum.The stratum griseum et fibrosum superficiale (SGFS) which represents the third stratum contain a large number of stallete and piriform multipolar neurons and fusiform neurons.
The effect of usage of Artemisia herba alba and Urtica dioica herbs extracts on the histopathological changes of Eimeria tenella parasite in the broiler chick.
Authors: Ali Al-Rubaie1 Haider Mohammad
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to determine the biological effects of both Artemisia herba alba andUrtica dioica on the pathogenesis of Eimeria tenella, so 150 broilers, 7days old (Ross breed)were used, divided randomly into 6 groups. The first fourth groups include 30 chicks for eachgroup, while fifth and sixth groups have 15 chicks for each, consider as positive and negativegroups.The first five groups infected orally with 1000 oocysts of E.tenella directly into the cropat 17 days old. Histopathological examination of cecae in the treated groups with Urtica dioicarevealed moderate mononuclear cells (MNCs) infiltration, while sever lymphocytic aggregationswere seen in the treated group of water extract comparing with less cellular inflammatoryinfiltration was seen in the treated group with Artemisia herba alba .Severe degeneration andnecrotic changes were appeared in epithelial layer of mucus glands as well as appearance ofdegenerated schizonts in the section of the control group.
Morphology of the digestive tract of Barbus xanthopterus and Ctenopharyngodon idella
Authors: Al-Rudainy Abdulmotalib J.
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study is to detected the morphology of the alimentary canal in twofreshwater fish species, Gattan Barbus xanthopterus and Grass carp Ctenopharyngodo idellawhich belonged to cyprinidae.. Increasing in mouth width with body length. Generallypharyngeal teeth arranged according to the following formulas. Gattan : 4-3-2 and 2-3-4Grass carp: 2-5 and 4-2. Variations in the shape, size of pharyngeal teeth were noticed. Theyappear short and wide compact in gattan, but hard and serrated, comb like in grass carp.Different intestinal length were seen indicating differ in feeding natures.
Isolation and characterization of lytic bacteriophages against Escherichia coli serogroups O1, O2, and O78
Authors: Jamalludeen Nidham
Published: May 2021

The goal of this study was to isolate and characterize a complete set of phages that areactive against Escherichia coliserogroups O1, O2, and O78, the main causative agents ofavian colibacillosis. A mixture of E.coli (O1:K1), (O2:K1), and (O78:K80) used as host toisolate phages from wastewater and fecal samples from poultry processing plants. Elevenphages were isolated, only two of them EC-NJ4 and EC-NJ7 were selected for furthercharacterization. EC-NJ4 and EC-NJ7 had icosaheadral heads, necks and contractile tails,with tail fibers and therefore belonged to Myoviridae, with genome sizes of 67.06 – 68.04 kband they lysed 100% of serotype O1, O2, and O78. The two phages were resistant to pH 5-9,and phage EC-NJ7 was slightly more resistant to acid and alkali environments. It wasconcluded that Phage EC-NJ4 and EC-NJ7 are highly active against O1, O2, and O78colibacillosis strains and it might be suitable candidate for phage therapy.Running title: APEC, Phages, E. coli O1, O2, O78
Extraction and Titration of Leukotoxins from Fusobacterium necrophorum Isolates Recovered from Bovine Liver Abscesses in Sulaimaniyah Region
Authors: Barhoom Salameh sh. , Hussein Suha Ali
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to extract and titrate the leukotoxin of Fusobacteriumnecrophorum isolates recovered from 75abscesses found in 24 livers of slaughtered cattle inSulaimaniyah region. The culture supernatants of these isolates were subjected to thetetrazolium dye reduction test which revealed that the leukotoxin titer values of 34 F.necrophorum subsp. necrophorum isolates ranged from 128 to 1024 (with a leukotoxin titermean of 516±46), whereas the leukotoxin titer values of the 11 F. necrophorum subsp.funduliforme isolates ranged from 0 to 128 (with a leukotoxin titer mean of 73±12).
Studying the effective dose of polyphenols extracted from green tea in ameliorating the deleterious effect of iron overload in female rats
Authors: Khudiar Khalisa K.
Published: May 2021

experiment aimed at studying the effective dose of total polyphenol extracted from green tea in ameliorating the deleterious effect of iron overload in rats, where forty eight adult female rats were randomly divided into eight equal groups (each of six) and injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with iron dextran (100mg/kg B.W each 72 hour and treated orally for one month successive increasing dose of GTPs daily (75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, and 225 mg/kg B.W.). Measurement of serum iron, albumin, reduced glutathione, peroxynitrate concentration and catalase activity was used as a guide for the detection of the effective dose of total polyphenol that ameliorating the deleterious effect of iron overload. According to this study, the maximum effective dose of total poly phenol extracted from green tea that ameliorating the deleterious effect of iron overload in female rats were found to be equal to 200mg/kg B.W.due to results showed that maximal reduction in serum Iron concentration in groups (T5, T6 and T7) which received total polyphenol orally (175, 200 and 225) mg/kg respectively with mean value equal to (345.87±12.48, 331.73±4.09and 327.27±4.99) respectively as compared with control group (308.68±12.03) after 30 days of treatment, also the best and successive increments in antioxidant enzyme and reduction in free radical status shown in doses of (200 and 225) mg/kg polyphenol, and no significant statistic differences between this groups in all above parameter.
Effect of Intraperitoneal Application of 1% Methylene Blue Solution on Prevention and/or Reduction of Adhesion Following Laparotomy in Rabbits
Authors: Abbas Bahjat Taifor
Published: May 2021

The effect of 1% methylene blue solution was investigated in this experimental trial for prevention and/or reduction of intra-abdominal adhesion formation, following induction of conventional laparotomy, by postmortem and histopathological confirmations, in a rabbit model. Twenty adult, male, local breed rabbits were used in the study. They were allocated randomly and equally into 2 groups; Control group (CG) and Treatment group (TG). All were subjected to mid-ventral conventional laparotomy under the effect of general anesthesia, and the ascending colon was exteriorized and its serosal and subserosal layers were mechanically abraded by a dry sterile soft toothbrush. In TG, 2ml of sterile 1% methylene blue was applied intrapretonially prior to the routine closure of the abdominal cavities. While in CG, 2ml of physiological saline solution was applied intraperitonially. Post-operatively, the rabbits were monitored clinically for; gain in body weight, food intake and postoperative complications. Also, 5 rabbits from each group at the 14th and 21st post-operative days were scarified for intra-peritoneal adhesion formation and scoring, and biopsy collection for histopathological changes. The results revealed a significant reduction and/or prevention in the development of intra-abdominal adhesions in TG compared to CG rabbits. Whereby, the lowered adhesions grade scores rate at both P.M. schedules, and histopathologically by the normally appearing serosal and muscular layers of the caecum, compared to the abnormally higher losses in the integrity of the serosal surface, blood vessel congestion, fibrosis, and heavy infiltrated of mononuclear inflammatory cells in CG rabbits. This study concluded that, the application of 1% methylene blue solution intraperitoneally following laparotomy is useful in preventionand/or reduction of post-operative adhesions formation.
Morpho- histological study of supraoccipital bone development in domestic rabbit fetuses Oryctolagus cuniculus
Authors: Mohammed Fadhil Sabah
Published: May 2021

The developmental study of supraoccipital bone has been done in the rabbit fetuses, which including detection the timing primary appearance and pattern of ossification by using double staining method as well as, histological study which squired for each stages of present study. The double staining technique which are furthering by histological examination for each age, showed the supraoccipital bone was ossify by intramembranous method. The results showed that the primary ossification centers of supraoccipital appeared firstly at(22) day of gestation, and showed direct red staining, at(24) day of gestation, these centers become fused. The supraoccipital bone appear its completely intramembranous ossification at (30) day of gestation and form the roof of foramen magnum.
Bioassay activity of crude bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus isolate against cold stressed E.coli O157:H7
Authors: Najim Najim Hadi
Published: May 2021

The laboratory studies of the cultural isolation revealed that two isolates of Lactobacillus acidophilus were isolated from five soft cheese samples that were manufactured locally according to the farmers production procedure .Colonies of E.coli O157:H7 were isolated from raw milk samples by a conventional direct plating on selective enrichment CT-SMAC agar and tested serologically for the presence of O157 and H7 antigens using the commercial available latex agglutination kits .The results revealed that E.coli O157:H7 was resist to the crude bacteriocin that was extracted from L .acidophilus isolate NO.1 due to the nature of their cell wall, while when the outer membrane of E.coli O157:H7 was injured by cooling at 4°C for 6 hours , the permeation of bacteriocin to the cytoplasmic membrane was facilitated and caused inactivation and death of such pathogenic organism .The results revealed that no growth of E.coli O157:H7 with no visible turbidity in the nutrient broth with bacteriocin that diluted to 1\2 ,1\4 ,1\8 were observed .Bacteriocin that diluted to 1\8 had been recognized as the minimum inhibitory concentration of the bacteriocin.Both the dilution factor of bacteriocin and time exposure to bacteriocin at refrigeration storage temperature of milk had a significant (P˂0.05) influence on its antimicrobial potency against the viability of stressed E.coli O157:H7 from minutes 30 to 120 .The viability of E.coli O157:H7 subjected to bacteriocin that diluted 10 times(1:10) in both raw and sterile milk was efficiently eliminated after 90 minutes and 60 minutes of exposure at refrigeration temperature respectively.
Evaluation of Toxicity and Antimicrobial Activity of Watery and Alcoholic extracts of some plant on growth of pathogenicBacteria isolatedfrom diarrhea
Authors: Al- Naemi Hanan Adnan Shaker
Published: May 2021

In This study, the bacteria Escherichia Coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella dysentarea were isolated from diarrhea in infants. Microbiological and biochemical tests were conducted to identify these bacteria. In the Identification of bacterial Species the API-System was used. Sensitivity test of bacterial isolates revealed high resistance to many Antibiolics like Ampicillin, Tetracycline, Ceftazidine, Cephalothin ,Vancomycin and Rifamipicin.The effects of extracts of (Citrus aurantifolia ,Zingiber offienals, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Pimpinellaanisum, Camellia ,sinessis Coffeiaarabica, Elattariacar domomum, Cumminum cumminum, Thymus vulgaris and Trigonella foenum geoecum in inhibiting bacteria isolated from diarrhea were studied , also indication of presence of chemical active components in extracts was observed . The Preliminary chemical tests revealed acidic PH of all extracts, and the best antibacterial was effect that of Citrus aurantifolie an lcoholic extract on growth of E.coli with inhibition zone diameter 47mm.
Effect of sweet almond suspension as anti-inflammatory in experimental infected mice with arthritis
Authors: Kafi Lubna A.
Published: May 2021

The current study was conduct to determine the effects of oral treatment of sweet Almond Suspension (SAS) on induced arthritis by Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant (IFA).Seventy mice, with close age and weight were used; they were equally divided in to 7 groups (10 mice per group). The first group served as negative control (non infected – non treated (NINTC). The second group was the positive control (infected non treated, (NINTC) the third and fourth groups were those treated with 1.42 or 2.84 g/kg of SAS respectively. The fifth group was treated with voltarin (ITV), while the sixth and seventh groups were treated with the same closes of SAS but before infection (Prophylactic infected groups, PI1, PI2).The size of knee joint, carrageenan test, level of alkaline phosphatase and histopathological changes in the knee joint used as parameters to compare between groups. The results showed that SAS was able to subside signs of arthritis by decreasing the size of knee and decrease the formation of edema which was induced by injection of carrageenan in the paw of the animal, Histopathological study showed that joints of treated groups by SAS had no signs of arthritis. However, there was slight infiltration of netrophile in treatment and prophylactic group.
Assessment the Antioxidant and Hypolipidmic Effect of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Flavonoids in Induced Oxidative Stressed Male Rabbits
Authors: Al-Mzaien Kahtan A.
Published: May 2021

Qualitative and quantitative assessment of flavonoids, sugar moiety and antioxidant scavenging activity (in vitro and vivo) of black cumin seed ( Nigella sativa L.) as well as serum lipid profile inhydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced oxidative stress and flavonoids treated adult male rabbits were the main aim of the current study. The results showed that black cumin seeds contained 4.50gmcrude flavonoids per kg crushed seeds and the high performance liquid chromatography indicated the existence of 22 flavonoids, only seven of which were identified flavonoids represented nearly 2.751gm/kg of the total flavonoids. The concentration of kaempferol was the highest whereas quercetin the lowest. Glucose, fructose and sucrose were the sugar moiety of flavonoids with an average concentration of 3.22, 2.21 and 3.31 g/kg crushed seeds respectively. Assessment the antioxidant scavenging activity of the extracted flavonoids and its effect on lipid profile in H2O2 treated rabbits were carried out as follows; eighteen adult male rabbits were randomly divided into three equal groups. Rabbits in the first group were received tap water and served as control (C), whereas animals in 2nd group received 0.5% H2O2 in drinking tap water (T1), animals in the 3rd group were received 0.5% H2O2 in drinking water with 27.5mg/kg B.W. of black cuminseeds flavonoids.Fasting blood samples were collected at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of the experiment. The results clarified that 0.5% H2O2 in drinking water caused significant elevation in serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduction in glutathione (GSH) concentration of treated animals respectively.The incidence of antioxidant scavenging activity in vitro was more pronounced than that recorded in vivo particularly at the early stages of administration and extracted flavonoids ameliorate to a great extent the incidence of hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress in male rabbits. The results revealed that administration of 0.5% H2O2 in drinking water for 12 weeks to male rabbits caused significant p<0.05 elevation in TC, TAG, LDL-C and VLDL-C concentration, with significant p<0.05 reduction in serum HDL-C concentration as compared with the control where as Black Cumin seed flavonoids caused significant reduction in the serum concentration of TC, TAG, LDL-C, and VLDL-C and significantly p<0.05 elevation in HDL-C concentration comparing to H2O2 treated group.Conclusion: This study clarified the significant role of black cumin flavonoids in modulation of glutathion (GSH) content and malondialdehyde( MDA) equivalent and exhibited highly hypolipidmic effect.
Evaluation of Sweet Basil Powder Plant (Ocimum basilicum L.) as a Feed Additives, on the Performance of broilerChicks
Authors: Kadhim Al-Kelabi Thair Jawad
Published: May 2021

The present study was carried out at the Poultry Farm, College of Veterinary Medicine -Baghdad University, for powder sweet basil plant evaluation as feed additives, and its effect on the performance and health of broiler. Three hundred one day old Hubbard broiler chicks were used in this study. Chicks were weighed and randomly divided into 10 treatments groups, with 2 replicates (15chicks each).These groups were fed with the following rations: The 1st group was fed the basal diet (control group).The 2nd,3rd and 4th groups were fed the basal diet+0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 % basil powder for the first 3 weeks only respectively. At the 5th, 6th and 7th groups were fed the same basal diet +0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 % basil powder for the second 3 weeks respectively. While the 8th, 9th and 10th were fed the same basal diet with 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 % basil powder along the whole six weeks. The experiment was terminated when birds were 6 weeks old. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were measured at the end of first three weeks and also at the end of the experiment. The results revealed that adding sweet basil powder significantly (P< 0.05) increased live body weight, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio as compared with the control, especially on the level 3%, 4%, 5% of Sweet basil powder addition along the whole period of the experiment and There was a significant (P< 0.05) decrease in total feed intake compared with the control group.
Isolation of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Primary cells of the Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane
Authors: Mohammed M. H.
Published: May 2021

The susceptibility of the primary chick embryo chorioallontoic membrane cells to infectious bronchitis virus was evaluated after twenty consecutive passages in chick embryo chorioallontoic membrane cells. Virus replication was monitored by cytopathic observation, indirect immunoperoxidase, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). At 72 hours post-infection in third passage, the cytopathic effect was characterized by rounding up of cells, monolayer detachment, intracytoplasmic brownish colouration was readily observed by immunoperoxidase from 24hours p.i in third passage, and at all times the extracted viral RNA from IBV-infected monolayers was demonstrated by RT-PCR. Tissue culture ineffective dose50 (TCID50) was used to measure virus titration performed on primary chick embryo chorioallontoic membrane cells and the titre in twenty passage was 108.6 TCID50/ml. The results obtained in this study suggested that the primary chick embryo chorioallontoic membrane cells can be used for adaptation infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and may be considered a step forward for the use of these cells in the future for IBV vaccine production
دراسة مدى انتشار القمل والقراد الصلب في اغنام مدينة بعقوبة
Authors: الكرخي عماد مجيد
Published: May 2021

هدفت الدراسة معرفة مدى انتشار القمل والقراد الصلب  في الاغنام من خلال  فحص 516 رأسا ،لأعمار واجناس مختلفـة عشوائيا في  مناطق مختلفة  لمدينة بعقوبة ـ  محافظة ديالى، للمدة مـن 1 تشرين ثاني 2011 ولغايـــة 31 ايار2012 . بلغت نسبة اصابـــــة الاغنام الكليـــــة بالقمـل المـــــــــــاص           ( Linognathus  africanus) والعاض (  Bovicola  ovis )18.21% و  0.19% على التوالي؛ وكان لاشهر السنة تاثيرمعنوي   (P< 0.05)  على نسبة الاصابة ، فسجلت اعلى نسبة  (32.86%) للنوع الماص في شهر كانون اول وادنى نسبة (5.71%) في شهر تشرين اول ، اما النوع العاض فسجل في شهر كانون الاول فقط (  1.40% ). كما اثر العمــــرمعنويا (P < 0.05)  على نسبة الاصابة ، فكانت  اعلى نسبة (26.6%) في الفئة العمرية بين 5-4 سنوات فاكثر، وادنى نسبة (12.5%) في الفئة العمرية بين 2-3 سنوات. ولم يؤثر جنس الاغنــــــــــــــام معنويا (P >0.05) على نسبة الاصابة  بين الاناث ( 19.40% ) و الذكور ( 15.30% ) . كما وجد اختلاف معنوي  (P< 0.05)   في نسبة تواجد القمل على مناطق الجسم المختلفة ، فسجلت  اعلى نسبة في منطقتي الالية والظهر (62.76%) ولم يسجل في منطقة الوجه.

     سجلت نتائج  الدراسة اصابة الاغنام باربعة انواع من القراد الصلب وبنسبة كلية بلغت 27.70%، توزعت بواقـــــع ، ثلاثة منها تابعة لجنس الـ Hyalomma وهي H.anatolicum ،  H. excavatum ، H. turanicum  وبنسب اصابة بلغت  67.83% ، 51.74% و 25.17%  على التوالي ، اما النوع الرابع فكان  لجنس Rhipicephalus   (turanicus  Rhipicephlus   )  و بنسبة اصابة بلغت 48.25% وبفارق معنوي (P< 0.05)؛ كما لوحظ تاثيرمعنوي  (P< 0.05) لاشهر السنة في نسبة الاصابة ،فقد كانت اعلى نسبة 58.57)%) في شهر نيسان وادنى نسبة 15.71)%( كانت في شهر كانون الاول. ولم يؤثرعمر الاغنام  معنويا   (P >0.05)  على نسبة الاصابة ، اذ بلغت اعلاها 31.80)%) بالفئة العمرية مابين 2- 3 سنوات و ادناها 25.50)%( بالفئة العمرية بين ثلاثة أشهر والسنة. كما لم يؤثر جنس الاغنام معنويا (P> 0.05) على نسبة الاصابة ،فكانت متقاربة بين الذكور والاناث اذ بلغت 29.30% و 29.70%على التوالي . واختلفت نسبة تواجد القراد على مناطق الجسم المختلفة معنويا (P< 0.05) ، فكانت اعلاها في منطقة الالية  (80.41%) في حين لم يسجل في منطقتي  القوائم والضرع . و بلغت نسبة الاصابة الكلية المختلطة بالقمل والقراد 8.13%.
65 تأثير اضافة الزنك الى العليقة خلال الاجهاد الحراري في بعض الصفات الانتاجية لفروج اللحم
Authors: منهوب محمد كاطع
Published: May 2021

تم تصميم التجربة لمعرفة تأثير اضافة مسحوق الزنك في العليقة في الاداء الانتاجي لفروج اللحم المربى خلال اشهر الصيف غير مجنس بعمر يوم واحد. وزعت الافراخ الى خمسة معاملات Ross فرخا نوع 131 في ظل الاجهاد الحراري . تم استخدام فرخ لكل معاملة تم اعطاء مسحوق الزنك في 32 افراخ وبمجموع 8 كل مكرر من ، وبواقع ثلاث مكررات للمعاملة الواحدة ملغم / 21 ملغم(المعاملة الاولى )، 1 يوم بمستويات 23 العليقة اعتبارا من بداية الاسبوع الثاني وحتى نهاية مدة التجربة البالغه ملغم / كغم 54و ،) ملغم/ كغم علف ( المعاملة الرابعة 01 ،) ملغم/ كغم علف ( المعاملة الثالثة 24 ،) كغم علف ( المعاملة الثانية ملغم/ كغم علف ادى الى 24 و 21 علف ( المعاملة الخامسة). اشارت نتائج التجربة الى ان المعاملة بمسحوق كبريتات الزنك بنسبة ) في كل من معدل وزن الجسم ومعدل الزيادة الوزنية الاسبوعية وكفاءة التحويل الغذائي ونسبة التصافي. 1.11˃تحسن معنوي (ا نستنتج من هذه الدراسة ان اضافة الزنك الى العليقة قد يكون له دور في تعزيز مقاومة الطيور للاجهاد الحراري من خلال الية عمله كمانع للاكسدة.
Ecto and Endo Parasites Prevalence in Domestic Chickens in Sulaimani Region
Authors: Abdullah Shadan Hassan
Published: May 2021

The study was conducted on 65 local adult chickens (Gallus domesticus) to investigate  macro - and microscopically presence of external and internal parasites and their prevalence in Sulaimani region-Kurdistan/Iraq from May to July 2012. Results showed that 90.77 % out of total examined chickens were infested with ecto-parasites, out of that 81.36 % (48/59) were infested with lice such as (Menacanthus  stramineus, Goniocotes  gallinae, Menopon  gallinae, Goniodes  gigas, Cuclotogaster  heterographus ) and 62.72 (37/59) of it with larval stage of soft tick such as (Argas  persicus).  Mixed infestations with more than two ecto-parasite species were detected. On the other hand 89.23% out of 65 examined chickens were infected by internal parasites including nematodes and cestodes such as (Heterakis  gallinarum which formed 81% and the remains were Ascaridia  galli, Cheilospirura  hamulosa, Capillaria  spp., Raillietina  spp., Choanotaenia  infundibulum, Amoebotaenia  sphenoides, Hymenolepis  carioca and  Davaniea  proglottina).
Pathological changes of immunized mice with Trichophyton mentagrophyte lyophilized antigen
Authors: A. Radam S.
Published: May 2021

The study was carried to investigate the pathological effect of lyophilized antigen of Trichophyton mentagrophytes in mice. Fifty mice were divided into three groups. The first group 20 mice were immunized subcutaneous (s/c) with 0.5 ml of T.mentagrophyte antigen 20 µgm/ml, by two doses, 14 day intervals, between them. The second group 20 mice and third group 10 mice considered as positive and negative control groups respectively. After 30 days post immunization first and second groups were challenged intradermal I/d. with 0.1 ml of fungal suspension contain (1×107 ml) of viable virulence T.mentagrophyte while the third group injected intraperitoneally I/P. with 0.5 ml of sterile phosphate buffer saline. All mice of the first and second groups were sacrificed at (5, 14, 30 and 60) days post challenge for gross and histopathological examination. Histopathologically the second group showed epidermal hyperkeratosis with appearance of crust lesions seen with abscess formation especially in early stage of lesion, while the main feature of advance cases were characterized by folliculitis with fungal hyphae invasion in all epidermal and dermal layers together with eosinophilic infiltration. Mild pathological changes were seen in the 1st immunized group characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells mainly macrophages in dermal connective tissue with dense proliferation of collagenous fibers , appearance of young fibroblasts together with cellular hypodermal infiltration of eosinophil no evidence of clear follicular lesions were seen. Lyophilized antigen of T.mentagrophyte can be considered as an effective immunogen for protecting mice against T.mentagrophyte infection and it is synchronized with its dose.
The Effect of Experimentally Induced Vitamin E and Selenium Deficiency on Erythrocytes Osmotic Fragility and Phagocytosis in Pregnant Awassi Ewes and Their Newborn Lamb
Authors: H. Judi A. M.
Published: May 2021

Experimental induction of vitamin E and selenium deficiency using deficient diet was carried out on fourteen pregnant Awassi ewes and their newborn lambs to study the effect of the deficiency on erythrocytes osmotic fragility and phagocytosis. From the fourteen deficient ewes, seven were vaccinated with Rev I vaccine and seven ewes as control group, and their newborn lambs were used in the study. Results were showed increased in the concentration of saline solution in start and complete erythrocyte hemolysis in deficient lambs (0.52 ± 0.01 and 0.54 ± 0.01) and (0.42 ± 0.01 and 0.44 ± 0.00) respectively and in deficient ewes (0.53 ± 0.01 and 0.54 ± 0.01) and (0.43 ± 0.01 and 0.44 ± 0.00) respectively. Results showed a low phagocytic index in deficient lambs (9.40 ± 0.87 and 10.60 ± 1.16) and in deficient ewes (12.14 ± 0.85 and 12.42 ± 0.75) compared to phagocytic index in control lambs (43.85±0.91) and in control ewes (43.14 ±0.91).
Histopathological study of the Influence of Estradiol on Liver Regeneration in Male Rabbit
Authors: K. Mahdi A.
Published: May 2021

This study was investigated to recognize the generative capacity of liver that influenced by administration of estradiole benzoate. Twenty four healthy local breed male rabbits weighed 1.5-2 kg were used .They were classified into two equal groups control and treated groups. Animals anaesthetized by intramuscular injection of Ketamine (35mg /kg B.W) and Xylazine (5mg\kg B.W.) In control group partial hepatectomy of liver was done, while in treated animals were subject to a same operation then received an intramuscular injection 0.1ml of estradiol benzoate 0.2% at 3rd and 5th days post operation. At 3rd days microscopic finding showed biopsy were taken at 3rd, 7th and 14 day, post operation to study the histopathological changes in liver regeneration .At 3rd day it showed early proliferation of hepatocyte character by irregular hyperchromatic multinucleated cell .While in control group it showed necrotic area of liver parenchyma surrounded by thick fibrous connective tissue infiltrated with inflammatory cells. At 7th day in treated animals still progress in proliferation of hepatocyte while, liver proliferation phase showed in control group .At 14th day in treated animals showed large cells of hepatocyte with double nuclei aggregation without central vein , while in control group showed small hyperchromatic hepatocyte with present of necrotic area. In conclusion the results of this study indicate that administration of estrogen after partial resection in male rabbits has a role in liver regeneration by early initiate or facilitate heypatocyte proliferation.
Hematological and Biochemical evaluation after different orally doses of Copper sulfate in rats
Authors: Al- Naimi Rajiha A.
Published: May 2021

Objectives of this study were to evaluate hematological and biochemical parameters in rats ingested toxic doses of CuSO4.5H2O. Thirty six rats divided into 3 equal groups. First group ingested orally distilled water / day for 3 months and considered as control group , second group was drenched 8 mg /kg B.W /day of CuSO4.5H2O for 3 months and considered as Treated group1 (T1). Third group was drenched 40 mg /kg B.W /day of CuSO4.5H2O for 3 months and considered as Treated group2 (T2). Blood collection was done by direct cardiac puncture every month for hematological and biochemical examinations. Hematological parameters showed that anemia caused by CuSO4.5H2O toxicity was of microcytic hypochromic type with significant increase of neutrophils and decrease of lymphocytes and blood platelets. There was significant increase in biochemical parameters , liver enzymes (GOT,GPT,ALP) and total serum protein . It concluded that CuSO4.5H2O poisoning in rats causes significant changes in blood picture and clinical enzyme
Effect of aqueous extract of Date Palm Pollen (DPP) on the sperm characteristic and Serum Testosterone, FSH and LH Values in albino male rats treated with sodium floride
Authors: AL-Chalabi Salah M. M.
Published: May 2021

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Date Palm Pollen DPP on the testicular function and serum testosterone, FSH and LH hormones value. Thirty five male rats were divided randomly into five equal groups. Group 1: received 0.5 ml of distilled water (control group), group 2: was treated orally 0.250 p.p.m of sodium florid (NaF) (with volume of 0.5 ml / rat), Group 3: was treated with 0.250 p.p.m of NaF and 50 mg/kg. B.W. of DPP extract (0.5ml D.W \rat), Group 4: was treated with 0.250 p.p.m of NaF and 100 mg/kg. B.W. of DPP extract and Group 5: was treated with 0.250 p.p.m of NaF and 150 mg/kg. B.W. of DPP extract. The results showed  significant (P< 0.05) decrease in sperm concentration, motility and significant (P< 0.05) increases in dead and abnormal sperm in the group 2 in comparison to control, while all groups of  DPP extract showed significant (P< 0.05) increase in  sperm concentration, motility and decrease in dead and abnormal sperm. Maximum effect was observed in animals treated with a dose of 150 mg/kg of DPP extract, also the results revealed significant (P< 0.05) increase in testosterone, FSH and LH hormones in groups treated with DDP in comparison to G1andG2. Male rats received DPP for 50 days showed significant (P< 0.05) increases in body and testes weight as compared to G1andG2. In conclusion the results revealed that the aqueous extract of DPP pollen can be used as a sex enhancer and seems to cure male infertility.
دراسة وبائية لطفيليات القناة الهضمية في منطقتي أبو غريب والعامرية
Authors: حسين طالب عبدالله
Published: May 2021

تضمنت الدراسة الحالية إجراء مقارنة حول نسب انتشار الطفيليات المعوية في كلا من منطقتي ابو غريب والعامرية خلال الفترة مابين شهر تشرين الأول 2011 لغاية نهاية شهر تموز 2012 اذ تم جمع (2449) عينة براز توزعت مابين (1430) عينة براز من كل من الوافدين والراقدين في مستشفى ابو غريب وكذلك (1019) عينة براز من الوافدين للمركز الصحي في العامرية. فحصت عينات البراز بالطرق المباشرة وغير المباشرة باستخدام المحلول الملحي (Normal Saline) وصبغة اليود (Lugol's Iodine) وطريقة التطويف بكبريتات الخارصين المائية (ZnSo4.7H2O) للتحري عن مدى انتشار الطفيليات المعوية وعلاقة الإصابة بالعمر والجنس وعدد افراد العائلة ونوع المياه المستخدمة للشرب وقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود فرق معنوي في نسب الإصابة الكلية بالنسبة لمنطقتي ابي غريب والعامرية حيث بلغت نسبة الإصابة الكلية (36.29%) في منطقة ابي غريب و(27.57%) لمنطقة العامرية, حيث تم تشخيص خمسة أنواع من الطفيليات المعوية (الاوالي المعوية والديدان المعوية) وهي كالآتي في منطقة أبو غريب : أميبا الزحار Entamoeba histolytica بنسبة إصابة ( 16.62%),  Giardia lamblia بنسبة إصابة (11.95%),  Entamoeba coli اميبا القولون بنسبة إصابة (2.44%) أما الديدان  Helminthes: الدودة الشريطية القزمة Hymenolepis  nana بنسبة إصابة (2.37%)الدودة الدبوسية Enterobius vermicularis بنسبة إصابة (1.88%)أما في منطقة العامرية :الاوالي المعوية اميبا الزحار Entamoeba histolytica بنسبة اصابة (16.68%),  Giardia lamblia بنسبة اصابة (5.49%), اميبا القولون Entamoeba coli بنسبة اصابة (2.55%). الديدان: الدودة الشريطية القزمة Hymenolepis nana بنسبة اصابة ( 1.76%), الدودة الدبوسية Enterobius vermicularis بنسبة اصابة (1.07%) وتم تسجيل فرق معنوي بين ذكور المنطقتين من ناحية الاصابة بالطفيليات المعوية مع وجود فرق معنوي بين الاشهر.