bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and anticancer activity of new heterocyclic derived from diaryl β-lactam supported by molecular docking and toxicity LD50
Authors: Mohammed Fadhil Hassan  , Duaa Qassim kamil  , Thaer khazaal makki  , Muqdad Irhaeem Kadhim  , Hussein Ali Kadhim Kyhoiesh
Published: September 2024

A novel compound called 3-chloro-4-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-1-(6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)azetidin-2-one (3-CDBA), derived from beta-lactams, was investigated for its effects on human leukemia (HL-60) cells, pancreatic cancer (TCP-1026) cells, and healthy cells (WRL68) for comparison. The compound showed an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 91.55 µg/ml on the leukemia cells, 141.3 µg/ml on the pancreatic cancer cells, and 353.8 µg/ml on the healthy cells. This indicates that the compound selectively kills cancer cells while having minimal effect on healthy cells, as higher concentrations are required to kill half of the healthy cells. These findings suggest that the compound has the potential to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. In comparison to conventional antioxidants like ascorbic acid (vitamin C), the beta-lactam derivative (3-CDBA) exhibited a higher percentage of inhibition at the highest concentration, with a value of 72.95% and an IC50 of 42.67 µg/ml. Furthermore, the compound's effects were studied on two types of pathogenic bacteria, specifically Staphylococcus aureus (positive) and Escherichia coli (negative), as well as various Penicillium species. The compound showed the greatest inhibitory effect at a concentration of 1000 µg/ml. In a theoretical examination, molecular docking was employed to design and synthesize a drug using the beta-lactam derivative and a target associated with cancer cells from a protein database. The compound demonstrated a strong and close interaction with amino acids and different sites within the active pocket, resulting in a higher binding energy. This indicates that the compound has the potential to inhibit the growth of cancer cells by disrupting their metabolic processes.  To determine the lethal dose (LD50), the beta-lactam derivative (3-CDBA) was administered to half of the animals in the study.
The Relationship Between Pregnant Women Hair Loss And Ferritin Levels And Vitamin D3 In Salah Al-Din Governorate
Authors: Hussam Dawood Abdullah
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the current study was to look into the connection between hair loss in thefirst and second trimesters of pregnancy and the levels of vitamin D3 and ferritin in bloodserum of pregnant at Tikrit Hospital. The participants in the study varied in age from 22to 38 years old, and the sample consisted of 50 pregnant women experiencing hair loss inthe first and second trimesters of their pregnancy. A comparison group consisted of 30pregnant women who did not experience hair loss. Every research participant had theirserum levels of ferritin, vitamin D3, white blood cell counts, and platelet counts tested.When compared to women who did not experience hair loss during the first and secondtrimesters of pregnancy, Vitamin D3& ferritin levels were found to be significantlyreduced in women who experienced hair loss throughout the first and second trimestersof pregnancy, compared to normal levels in woman who did not associated with hair lossbut rather their variations were explained by the typical physiology of pregnancy .
The Accuracy Of Ultrasonography And CT Scans In Diagnosing Liver Tumours
Authors: Salima Baqir Alsaadi  , Saad Abdul Kareem Mohammed  , Ali I. Omran Al-Saadawi
Published: September 2024

Both benign and malignant liver tumours may occur. Multiple nodules or a single mass might be diffusely invasive. Our research diagnosed patients using CT scans and ultrasounds. We compared these strategies to determine which is better. A precise biopsy was performed on each tissue liver tumour to confirm the diagnosis of liver tumour. A 40 liver tumour patients were participated in this study included 24 men and 16 women. The average patient age was 52. The biopsy results were compared to CT and ultrasonography data for each subject.  Ultrasonography resulted in 23 (57.5%) patients with malignant tumours and 9 (22.5) benign tumours, of which 8 (20%) were healthy. On the other hand, the CT scan results showed that 23 individuals (57.5%) had malignant tumours, and 17 (42.5%) had benign ones. These data suggest that CT scans are 100% more efficient than ultrasonography in identifying liver tumours.
Modification of Gemifloxacin Drug Antibacterial to Promising Anti-Prostate Cancer PC3 Azomethine Compounds: Synthesis and in Vitro Studies
Authors: Rand Thair Abdulkader  , Reyam H. Marah  , Aqeel Mohamed  , Abbas K. Abbas
Published: September 2024

In this study, we report a novel azomethine derivatives synthesis (H and G) by reacting pure Gemifloxacin drugs with 2-aminobenzaldehyde and 2-methylbenzaldehyde. Spectroscopic techniques, such as FT‐IR spectroscopy, characterized the derivatives (G and H). All the synthesized derivatives (G and H) were evaluated in vitro against microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis and E. coli by zone inhibition method and screened for antimicrobial activities and anti-Prostate cancer PC3 cell viability cell lines.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Breast Cancer and Breast Self-Examination Among A Sample Of Women In Al-Diwaniyah City
Authors: Sarah Abdul Kareem Abdul Jabar  , Hassan Raji Jallab
Published: September 2024

Background: breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, also it is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in low-resource countries. So, every woman should know what it looks like, be aware of any changes, and know what to do if they are discovered. Meanwhile, early diagnosis and management are fundamental steps toward increasing survival and improving the quality of life Aims: The purpose of this study is to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of women in Al_Diwaniaya city regarding breast self-examination, and to explore their level of knowledge about breast cancer focusing on some risk factors.Method:  Cross- sectional _ study was conducted among 350 women aged more than 18 years who attended breast screening department in Al- Diwaniyah teaching hospital during the period of study using face-to-face interviews questionnaire. Results: The total sample included in this study was 350 females, regarding the score of knowledge, the results showed near half of participants having moderate knowledge (49.1%), On the other hand, the attitude of study people was more interesting by enrolling questions. Concerning the attitude score, the findings indicated that 64% of the subjects had a moderate attitude. In terms of practice score, the findings revealed that 57% of participants had poor practice and only 6% had good practice. The study discovered that the age groups under 40 had better knowledge, attitudes, and practices than the age groups over 40, with a positive correlation also (p<0.001) in high education group.Conclusions: The results showed most of participants having moderate to good knowledge (78%) moderate attitude but poor practice of breast self-examination. the gap in knowledge in fields of breast self-examination emphasizes on the need to raise awareness among women about the correct method and timing of it.
Risk Factors That Lead To Poor Glycemic Control In Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Al Diwaniya Diabetes Mellitus Center In 2023
Authors: Lara Noori Hamza  , Hassan Raji  Jallab
Published: September 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common metabolic disorder worldwide. DM is the most common chronic illness in adults. It is estimated that 300 million people will have DM by 2025, and it will reach approximately 439 million and the prevalence is estimated to be 7.7% by 2030. The decrease of blood glucose levels in patients with DM decreases the mortality and morbidity rates significantly.Objective: To identify the potential risk factors of poor glycemic control among patients having type2 Diabetes mellitus in Al-diwaniya city. Methods: A total of 340 patients were included in the study. This was cross sectional study conducted in the Diabetes  Center at Al-diwaniya city, Iraq, from period of 1st of February to the 1st September2023. Based on the cutoff point of Glycosylated hemoglobin of 7, the poor control were the patients with (Glycosylated hemoglobin is ≥ 7) and the good control were the diabetic patient with Glycosylated hemoglobin is <7. A questionnaire developed to gather the demographic, lipid profile, disease characteristics and lifestyles behaviors and filled by the researcher through direct interview. Results: The total number of poor controls was 221 and the good control was 119 patients. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding sex, age, marital status and occupation. A significant association was observed between the control status and high education level (p=0.001) dyslipidemia (p=0.001), cholesterol level (P=0.002), high TG level (p<0.001), and LDL level (p=0.025). Smoking, Body Mass Index and HDL level were not significant factors (p>0.005). All disease characteristics including the duration, family history of DM, FBS, type of medication were significant factors (p<0.001). Lifestyles  behaviors including  self-monitoring, healthy diet, physical activity, and adherence were significant factors (p<0.001). Conclusion: The most important potential risk factors for poor control diabetes were dyslipidemia, poor adherence and longer duration of diabetes. Enhancement of education of the patients and their healthcare providers on these factors are great benefit in glycemic control.
Water Microbial Contamination in Tikrit City
Authors: Aya Jameel Rasheed  , Sarah Abdulhameed Hasan  , Saba  AbdulKareem Mustafa
Published: September 2024

In the world consequently, pollution of water has become a great concern, and with emphasis on the quality of water especially on those which originate from natural sources, with regard to water borne diseases and their causing pathogens. Some of the more familiar water borne pathogens include: aquatic or enteric bacteria such as Salmonella typhi, Shigella, Coliform bacteria; viruses; and Protozoa. Also relevant to diarrhea are rotavirus, astrovirus, adenovirus, norovirus, picobirnavirus, and enterovirus. This research work was done on a cross-sectional study basis over a period of four months, from April to October of the year 2022 at various water supply stations in Tikrit City, Salah Al-Deen province. Grab samples were taken from both the wells and the Tigris River to carry out microbiological processing and quality check in the laboratory. The samples used in this study included river and well water sources taken at the water treatment centers. Samples were collected at three points in the Tigris River and at three points from wells, although the points varied across the different sites. The findings were mainly secular for E. coli followed by P. aeruginosa and parasite such as Giardia cysts, and amoebic cysts.
Pengaruh Sosial Media dan Kepercayaan Konsumen Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Platform Tokopedia di Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Sultan Afryan Novendra
Published: September 2024

This research reviews the influence of social media and trust on purchasing decisions on the Tokopedia platform in South Tangerang. The background reflects significant changes in consumer behavior due to developments in information technology, especially in online commerce. The goal is to analyze the factors that influence purchasing decisions with a focus on social media and consumer trust. Quantitative methods are used to collect and analyze data from consumers in the region. Research findings show that although social media does not have a positive influence on purchasing decisions, consumer trust has a significant influence on purchasing decisions. The implication is the importance of strengthening consumer trust in building effective marketing strategies on e-commerce platforms, as well as the need to develop theories of consumer behavior in the digital era.
TRANSTORNO DISMÓRFICO CORPORAL.
Authors: Lorena Moura Galvão de Araújo  , Marcilio Moreira Feitosa Junior
Published: September 2024

Introdução: O Transtorno Dismórfico Corporal (TDC) é uma patologia mental que cursa com alterações da percepção da imagem. O indivíduo acometido possui uma preocupação irracional acerca de sua autoimagem corporal, enquanto para outras pessoas esse defeito é imperceptível. Esse transtorno gera um comportamento compulsivo repetitivo, o qual ocupa grande parte do dia do indivíduo doente, ocasionando dessa forma, uma grande procura por intervenções cirúrgicas, psicológicas e/ou psiquiátricas. Objetivos: Descrever os prejuízos da percepção da autoimagem nos indivíduos com transtorno dismórfico corporal. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, utilizando-se como bases de dados as plataformas Pubmed, Scielo e LILACS. Como estratégia de busca: “Transtorno and Dismórfico; Dismorfia and Corporal; Body and Dysmorphic; Body and Disorder”. Foram escolhidos artigos na língua vernácula e inglesa sem limitação de tempo. Foram incluídos os artigos que tinham relação com o Transtorno Dismórfico Corporal e excluídos aqueles que não tinham relação com o tema. Resultados e discussão: Foram encontrados 65 artigos, dos quais 25 trabalhos foram excluídos por títulos, 14 foram descartados após leitura dos resumos e 8 artigos foram excluídos depois de uma leitura do artigo completo, restando 18 artigos utilizados neste trabalho. A partir da análise dos artigos, ficou nítido que os indivíduos mais afetados são os do gênero feminino, visto que, ao longo dos estudos coletados, as mulheres apresentaram uma maior insatisfação com o próprio corpo, principalmente prejuízos de autoimagem, como por exemplo “defeitos” presentes no rosto: Como nariz torto, cicatrizes de acne. Conclusão: O Transtorno Dismórfico Corporal trata-se de uma patologia bastante comum, mas pouco estudada. Diante do exposto e baseado nos dados do presente estudo, é imprescindível que haja umacompanhamento psiquiátrico e psicológico para os acometidos TDC, a fim de que os procedimentos cirúrgicos sejam a última opção de tratamento.
The Correlation Between Body Image and Self-esteem in Adolescent
Authors: Liu Chenyi , Tang Ningyue
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the correlation between body image and self-esteem among adolescents. Previous research has shown that dissatisfaction with the limb can have a direct impact on a person’s self-esteem issues. Our primary hypothesis in the research suggested that actual body data influences an individual’s self-evaluation. However, we were not able to prove this conjecture completely because the second hypothesis turned out to be the null hypothesis. However, it is reassuring to note that our main hypothesis succeeded, and, therefore, we can prove the relationship that exists between Body Image Satisfaction Scale (BISS) scores and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) scores. With a range of statistical tools, such as SPSS and mapping methods, potential relationships can be analyzed. Together with the theoretical and experimental presentations in the past literature. We have successfully demonstrated that there is a positive correlation between body image and self-esteem. This experimental finding can also have some implications for society.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pengembangan Desa Wisata Pantai di Desa Bondalem, Kecamatan Tejakula, Kabupaten Buleleng
Authors: Prastha Gede Sughi Adnyana Ousadhi
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study is to develop village tourism in empowering coastal community resources in Bondalem Village, Tejakula District, Buleleng Regency. The research method used in this study is a qualitative approach. The data types consist of both qualitative and quantitative data. The data sources consist of primary and secondary data. The main informants in this study are the tourism awareness group. Additional informants are the people of Bondalem village who provide information related to other matters not obtained from key informants and main informants. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques are divided into four, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The research results indicate the need for improvement in empowering natural resources and community resources, focusing on community empowerment in Bondalem Village. The challenges arising from the management of Bondalem ecodive are the lack of qualified human resources, as evidenced by the lack of individuals with diving certifications.
ABSTRAK
Tujuan penelitian ini mengembangkan desa wisata dalam pemberdayaan sumberdaya masyarakat pesisir di Desa Bondalem , Kecamatan Tejakula, Kabupaten Buleleng. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah     pendekatan kualitatif. Jenis data terdiri dari kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Sumber data terdiri dari data primer dan sekunder. Para informan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah kelompok sadar wisata. para informan tambahan yakni masyarakat desa Bondalem yang memberikan informasi terkait hal-hal lain yang tidak di dapatkan dari informan kunci dan informan utama. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi Teknik analisis data dibagi menjadi empat, yakni pengumpulan data, reduksi data,penyajian data dan      penarikan kesimpulan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlu penyempurnaan dalam memberdayakan sumber daya alam dan sumber daya masyarakat, yang dalam hal ini berfokus pada pemberdayaan masyarakat di Desa Bondalem. Kendala yang muncul dari pengelolaan Bondalem ecodive adalah sumber daya manusia yang kurang memumpuni bisa dilihat dari kurangnya individu yang bersertifikat menyelam (diving).
Kata Kunci: Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, Pengembangan Desa Wisata.
Predicition of RSS Sealing Performance by Fully Coupled EHL Simulation
Authors:   Freudenberg Technology Innovation SE & Co. KG, Kaiser Fabian , Gropp Andreas ,   Freudenberg Technology Innovation SE & Co. KG, Savio Daniele ,   Freudenberg Technology Innovation SE & Co. KG, Frölich Daniel ,   Freudenberg FST GmbH, Wilbs Christian ,   Freudenberg FST GmbH, Möhring Dirk ,   Freudenberg FST GmbH
Published: September 2024

The pumping and leakage behavior of radial shaft seals (RSS) has challenged researchers for more than half a century. The main phenomena contributing to reverse pumping have been identified some decades ago, e.g. by Kammüller. However, there is no conclusive proof nor comprehensive model for the exact sealing mechanisms, making it impossible to derive precise guidelines for radial shaft seal design. Thus, the question how to tune and optimize RSS is still open to this day. To change this, Freudenberg has developed its own simulation tool to gain insight in the pumping mechanism and the sealing performance of RSS: FIRS³T – Freudenberg Integrated Radial Shaft Seal Simulation Tool. It includes all steps required to simulate the pumping rate, among which: the Finite Element Analysis of the deformation of the seal, contact mechanics calculations and EHL-modelling of the sealing contact, all the way to the circumferential deformation of the sealing lip roughness in the contact due to the frictional shear stresses. Using this tool, the pump rate of RSS can be simulated accurately and new insights in the sealing mechanism are possible. Furthermore, it will be shown how FST uses this tool to develop new seals with unrivalled functionality.
Performance Analysis of Radial Shaft Seals in Non-Stationary Rotational Movements
Authors:   University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Chair for Machine Elements, Gears and  Tribology (MEGT), M. de C. Silva Lenine , Stiemcke Yvo , Schollmayer Tim , Koch Oliver , Thielen Stefan
Published: September 2024

The number of applications involving rotational non-stationary movements has significantly increased in the past decade. Such dynamic rotational oscillations are often found in applications such as robotic arms. These dynamic rotational oscillations correspond to high levels of acceleration along with frequent changes in the direction of rotation. However, the impact of these oscillations on radial shaft seals (RSS) remains unknown. In practical applications, mineral oil has been found in undesirable situations, and previous studies suggested a potential correlation between these non-stationary movements and the buildup of vacuum in the intermediate cavity (the cavity between the dust lip and the sealing lip of an RSS). Therefore, this study aimed to bridge this knowledge gap by investigating the performance of an RSS operating under dynamic rotational oscillation and verifying the correlation between the vacuum pressure buildup and the occurrence of leakage. To explore various operational scenarios and assess the influence of each parameter variation on sealing performance, a set of experiments was designed. These experiments were conducted using the IWD Test Bench from MEGT. The IWD Test Bench consists of two test cells directly coupled to two servomotors, which can replicate dynamic rotational oscillation. Additionally, a prick device was developed to measure the pressure in the intermediate cavity with the aid of a pressure sensor and a medical needle. The tests were realized by varying the following parameters: (i) the acceleration at the sealing contact; (ii) the angle of oscillation; (iii) the degree of greasing in the intermediate cavity; and (iv) the type of curve performing the oscillation. The results showed the occurrence of leakage under certain circumstances, specifically with short oscillation angles, and photographs of the sealing contact indicated the occurrence of leakage concomitantly with the region of maximum negative pressure.
Pengaruh Knowledge Management Practices terhadap Organizational Performance
Authors: Anggraynie Ratih Dwi
Published: September 2024

This study aims to explore the relationship between employee performance and knowledge management practices (KMP) within an organization. The analysis was conducted on data from 20 respondents using statistical methods such as Pearson correlation and linear regression. The results show a highly significant correlation between employee performance and KMP, with a correlation value of 0.944 at a 0.01 significance level. Regression analysis indicates that employee performance significantly influences KMP, with a regression coefficient of 0.656, and the model explains 89% of the variation in KMP. This suggests that improving employee performance not only enhances individual productivity but also substantially strengthens the organization's capacity to manage and utilize knowledge. The practical implications of these findings emphasize the importance of integrating strategies for improving employee performance with knowledge management practices. Organizations are advised to focus on developing training programs, evaluations, and feedback mechanisms aimed at enhancing performance and strengthening knowledge management practices. Investing in support systems and a culture that encourages knowledge sharing will result in sustainable performance improvements and increase the overall effectiveness of knowledge management within the organization. With this holistic approach, organizations can achieve significant competitive advantages in an increasingly dynamic and complex business environment.
Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel With Phenol-Based Anticorrosion Fraction: Preparation, Phytochemistry, and Potentiodynamic Polarization
Authors:   Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bingham University, PMB 005, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, Ohunene Yakubu Mary
Published: September 2024

Corrosion poses a significant threat to various industries, and effective corrosion inhibition strategies are crucial for material integrity and longevity. This study investigates the corrosion inhibition potential of a polyphenol-rich fraction (PRFSS) extracted from the stem bark of Senegalia senegal, a drought-tolerant shrub. The PRFSS was evaluated as a green and eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1M H 2 S O 4 solution. The phytochemical screening of PRFSS revealed the presence of tannins, phenols, and anthocyanins. The potentiodynamic polarization measurement showed that PRFSS significantly inhibited the corrosion of mild steel. The inhibition efficiency increased with increasing PRFSS concentration, suggesting the formation of a protective layer on the metal surface. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption of PRFSS onto mild steel followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, indicating a monolayer coverage. The enthalpy and activation energy of adsorption were negative, suggesting an exothermic and spontaneous adsorption process. The surface characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the adsorption of PRFSS on the metal surface and the formation of a protective film. The study highlights the potential of PRFSS as a sustainable and effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic environments. Its eco-friendly nature and biodegradability make it an attractive alternative to conventional corrosion inhibitors, contributing to environmental sustainability. The findings have implications for the development of environmentally benign strategies for corrosion control in various industrial applications.
Extended anticoagulation after venous thromboembolism
Authors: Laursen Rasmus , Søndergaard Hanne M. , Børding Pia , Svenstrup Dorthe
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) carries a high risk of recurrence, and this risk is strongly related to the nature of the index event. Thus, extended anticoagulation treatment is recommended for patients with a high recurrence risk and should be considered for patients with an intermediate risk. This study aimed to provide insight into the clinical practice of extended anticoagulation for VTE patients METHODS. This was a retrospective study of VTE patients covering the period from January 2020 through June 2021. We categorised patients by their estimated risk of recurrence as low (< 3% per year), intermediate (3-8% per year) or high (> 8% per year). The decision to stop or extend anticoagulation was made in a multidisciplinary VTE clinic. RESULTS. A total of 343 patients were included; 315 patients were eligible for analysis. The majority of patients (58.7%) had an intermediate recurrence risk. In total 80.3% received extended treatment. The use was highest (97.9%) among patients with a high recurrence risk, whereas 82.7% with an intermediate risk and 15.2% with a low risk received extended therapy. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants were preferred for extended therapy (82.2%), whereas 5.1% received warfarin and 12.6% low molecular weight heparin. CONCLUSIONS. In this real-world clinic, the majority of VTE patients switched to extended treatment after initial standard anticoagulation. The role of patient and physician preference as determinants driving this decision should be investigated further. FUNDING. This study received an unrestricted grant from Bayer, which had no involvement in the study design, data collection, analysis, or manuscript preparation. TRIAL REGISTRATION. Not relevant.
Cutaneous sensory block area of the laparoscopic-assisted transversus abdominis plane block
Authors: Salmonsen Christopher Blom , Lange Kai Henrik Wiborg , Rothe Christian , Kleif Jakob , Bertelsen Claus Anders
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION. Different approaches and techniques are used to apply a transversus abdominis plane block (TAP), but their characteristics are poorly described. Precise injection of local anaesthetic is considered crucial to achieving the desired block effect. Laparoscopic-assisted TAP (L-TAP) is a blind technique and potentially less reliable than ultrasound (US)-guided techniques. This study assessed the cutaneous sensory block area (CSBA) after an L-TAP adopting a subcostal dual block approach. METHODS. Thirty elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients received bilateral L-TAPs. The CSBA was mapped 150 min. after block application using cold sensation and a sterile marker, photo-documented and transferred to a transparency sheet from which the area was calculated. RESULTS. The median CSBA of the subcostal bilateral dual L-TAP was 161 cm2 (interquartile range: 131-217 cm2; range: 67-408 cm2). In all patients, the CSBA mainly covered the skin over the epigastrium, whereas 23% also had an infraumbilical component. In none of the patients did the CSBA cover the abdominal wall laterally to a vertical line through the anterior superior iliac spine. CONCLUSION. The subcostal bilateral dual L-TAP produces a heterogeneous non-dermatomal CSBA of varying size and distribution across the medial epigastric abdominal wall, similar to the CSBA described in the existing literature on US-guided subcostal TAP. FUNDING. The authors have no sources of funding to declare for this manuscript. TRIAL REGISTRATION. Not relevant.
3D-assisted surgery for reconstruction in the head and neck area
Authors: Petersen Lasse Østrup , Kiil Birgitte Jul , Gade Søren Dührr , Jakobsen Anders Mølgaard , Krag Andreas Engel
Published: September 2024

Preoperative virtual surgical planning and the use of 3D-printed patient-specific models and cutting guides are increasingly being used in the reconstruction of mandibular defects with a free bone flap. This technology offers several advantages over conventional surgery, such as reduced operating time, reduced bone flap ischaemia time, and the ability to perform more complex and precise reconstructions. This review presents the evidence supporting 3D-assisted surgery for mandibular defect reconstruction and discusses the utilisation of commercial vendors versus in-house 3D-printing solutions.
Common efficacy measures and measurement instruments lead to more meaningful clinical research
Authors: Berthelsen Dorthe B. , Thorlacius Linnea Rishøj , Villumsen Bente , Jemec Gregor B.E. , Christensen Robin
Published: September 2024

This review describes that a core outcome set (COS) represents a consensus-based minimum set of outcomes to be collected and reported in clinical trials involving a particular disease or population. A COS serves as a guideline for global consensus on which outcome domains should be collected in all clinical trials. After defining what to measure, it becomes crucial to reach consensus on how to measure it. This includes the selection of appropriate outcome measurement instruments with credible measurement properties and interpretable thresholds of meaning.
Cutaneous Eccrine Porocarcinoma: Diagnostic Challenge in Darker Skin Tones Individual
Authors:   Department of Dermatology, CHMS, Hiwot Fana Specialized Comprehensive Hospital, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia, Abza Babeta Fantahun , Belachew Fantaye Anteneh ,   Department of Pathology, CHMS, Hiwot Fana Specialized Comprehensive Hospital, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
Published: September 2024

Skin cancers are often misdiagnosed or diagnosed late in people with darker skin tones, which can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. This is especially true for rare skin cancers, such as Eccrine Porocarcinoma (EPC), which only accounts for 0.005 to 0.01 of all epidermal skin tumours. People with darker skin tones are less likely to receive a direct diagnosis for EPC. This rare type of skin cancer is often misdiagnosed as both benign and malignant tumors of the skin. This case study presents a 45-year-old man who visited our dermatology clinic with a painless, non-pruritic lesion on the sole of his right big toe that had persisted for 10 years. It is suspected that the lesion may have transformed from Eccrine Poroma.
The Role of Psychological Interventions for Patients with Hematologic Malignancies: A Review
Authors:   Department of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia, Ranasingha Nethmini
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This review explores the psychological interventions for patients with hematologic malignancies (HM). The primary emphasis is on four main interventions, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness-based therapy (MBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and psychoeducation. Approach: A comprehensive analysis of the relevant literature was conducted to identify significant studies and findings related to psychological treatments in individuals with hematologic malignancies. This review compiles the research to summarize how various interventions affect patient outcomes comprehensively. Findings: The study combines results from other research studies, indicating that these psychological interventions are beneficial in reducing distress, depression, and anxiety while also improving the overall quality of life and well-being for patients dealing with hematologic malignancies. The psychological methods revealed in the psychosocial landscape of HM consistently showed positive outcomes, highlighting their potential importance in cancer therapy. Conclusions: The results indicate the necessity of incorporating psychological interventions into comprehensive treatment strategy for cancer patients with hematologic malignancies. It is recommended that researchers conduct more studies to broaden the existing body of evidence, exploring various approaches to therapy and deepening the comprehension of personalized strategies and teleinterventions to address the distinct psychosocial requirements of this patient group.
Application of English Teaching Resources at Public Secondary Schools in District Narowal
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Bilal , Saghir Sidra , Wattoo Rashid Minas
Published: September 2024

Everywhere you go, English is a language that people use to communicate. That is why teachers used the AV aids to research this particular issue. When applied to the study of English, it allows us to track the progress of our students. The objectives of the study were; to analyze the use of English teaching resources in secondary schools and to explore the causes of secondary school students' poor English proficiency. The population of the study were all the secondary school teachers and students at district Narowal. The researchers used simple random sampling technique and sampled collected for the study were 96 teachers and 480 students. Questionnaires were used a research tool for the study. The researchers personally visited and collected the data and then analysis it. They used simply percentage as the statistical technique to explore the objectives for the study. The study concluded that the classroom environment generally supports language learning, with 77.1% of teachers affirming the presence of learning aids and decorative elements that foster a conducive learning atmosphere. Despite this, some disparities exist, as not all classrooms meet this standard, indicating the need for more consistent resource distribution. The study may recommend that educational authorities may ensure equitable distribution of teaching resources, including modern tools and internet access, across all public secondary schools in District Narowal.
The impact of smoking e-cigarettes on human health
Authors: Pashchenko D. A. , Kornyakova V. V.
Published: September 2024

This literature review presents data on the effects of electronic cigarettes on the human body. The composition of vape liquid and the harm caused by each component separately, including glycerin, propylene glycol, is described. Vegetable glycerin is used for refueling electronic cigarettes, which determines the flavor. Propylene glycol is used to dissolve flavorings. The role of nicotine is more detailed than the other components, because among other things it is a neurotoxin and addictive. Literature sources have been analyzed to study the formation of pathological changes in tissues and organs during the use of electronic cigarettes. One of the first systems to be negatively affected by smoking is the respiratory system. Nicotine causes prolonged constriction of capillaries and arterioles, due to which normal gas exchange in the lungs is disturbed. Under the influence of nicotine is depressed activity of the nervous system. But the insidiousness of nicotine is not only that. Particularly dangerous to health long-term smoking. The brain gets used to the constant supply of nicotine. On the blood vessels nicotine has a spasmodic effect, promotes thrombosis. Diseases associated with the use of electronic delivery of nicotine, called EVALI, are presented, the latter meaning “lung injury associated with the use of electronic cigarettes”. The review emphasizes the negative effects of nicotine on the digestive system. Smoking contributes to narrowing of stomach vessels, gastric juice secretion is disturbed, and its composition changes, appetite decreases, peristalsis changes, and digestive diseases occur. To date, there is a growing trend in the number of people smoking electronic cigarettes, which is actively promoted by marketers [8]. They position smoking e-cigarettes as a fashion that does not cause harm to health. But this is a big misconception. E-smoking is virtually the same as regular smoking, except that e-cigarettes do not contain tar. The availability of vapes increases the trend of increasing use of these products by schoolchildren, which is a serious social problem.
Tecnologías futuras andinas en Ángelus Hostis y Andean Sky
Authors: Londoño Proaño Cristián , Endara Fernando
Published: September 2024

This study analyzes two Ecuadorian science fiction works that explore technological futures in the Andes. On the one hand, Angelus Hostis is a cyberpunk graphic novel that imagines an Ecuador in 2120 with nuclear fusion energy and a society controlled by an omnipresent digital network. On the other hand, Andean Sky is a webcomic that focuses on migration and features futuristic aerial and construction technologies in the plot development. Both works address issues such as power, control, human nature and social conflicts in a context of technological development, offering a critical reflection on the technological future of Latin America and the influence of science fiction in the Andean region.
Development and Validation of a Competency-Based Curriculum Model for Biology Teacher Education
Authors: Omrani Leila , Adib Yousef , Yari Jahangir
Published: September 2024

The aim of the present article was to develop and validate a competency-based curriculum model for the education of biology teachers. The research method was a mixed approach, including both qualitative and quantitative phases. The statistical population in the qualitative phase included university instructors, school teachers, and exam preparation centers' educators in the city of Tabriz during the 2020-2021 academic year. In the quantitative phase, the population included biology instructors from universities in East Azerbaijan Province, school teachers, and exam preparation centers' educators in Tabriz during the 2021-2022 academic year. The sample size in the qualitative phase consisted of 15 individuals selected using the snowball sampling method until theoretical saturation was reached, while in the quantitative phase, 150 individuals were selected using a stratified proportional random sampling method. Data collection in the qualitative phase was conducted through semi-structured interviews, and in the quantitative phase, through a researcher-made questionnaire. To assess the validity of the qualitative phase's questionnaire, internal validity was used, and for reliability, test-retest reliability was employed. For the quantitative phase's questionnaire, content and construct validity were assessed, and Cronbach's alpha was used to measure reliability. Qualitative data were analyzed using "thematic analysis," while quantitative data were analyzed using "exploratory factor analysis." In the qualitative phase, out of the initial 310 codes, 44 categorized codes, 10 sub-themes, and 4 main themes related to competency-based curriculum elements—including objectives, content, teaching-learning activities, and evaluation—were identified, and the proposed model was designed. In the quantitative phase, construct validity and factor loadings of the identified components were performed using exploratory factor analysis, and ultimately, the competency-based curriculum model for biology teacher education was validated and confirmed. Therefore, the localized tool is applicable for the education of biology teachers.
Single-dose pharmacodynamics of minocycline against a mixed staphylococcal infection in an in vitro pharmacokinetics / pharmacodynamics model simulating human serum levels
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq, Jihad Safa ,   Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq, Al-Saigh Rafal J. ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq, Al-Humadi Hussam W. ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
Published: September 2024

Background: A mixed staphylococcal infection is a frequent opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients and is often fatal, particularly in those with severe burns or other critical conditions. While S. aureus is typically the main culprit, S. epidermidis can also contribute significantly. Minocycline, a semisynthetic tetracycline antibiotic, can be effective on its own against multi-resistant staphylococcal infections. However, its exact effectiveness against different staphylococcal species is not fully known. Aim: We, herein, studied the efficacy of minocycline against two staphylococcal species (S. aureus ATCC 25923 and S. epidermidis ATCC-12228), either alone or together, by using a new in vitro pharmacokinetics / pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) system. Methodology: This PK/PD system simulates minocycline human plasma levels with a Cmax of 2 and 4 mg/L, and allowed us to monitor bacterial growth spectrophotometrically based on the relative optical density (ROD) at 600 nm. Results: These two staphylococcal isolates (S. aureus ATCC-25923 and S. epidermidis ATCC-12228) had minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.125 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively, which were tested in duplicate in an in vitro PK system with a fAUC0-24 and a half-life of 12 h. The area under the bacterial growth curve (AUGROD) was used as the PD parameter. The in vitro PK/PD relationship was then used in order to assess the efficacy of minocycline through the fAUC0-24-AUGROD relationship, which followed a sigmoid pattern (R2=0.874). Conclusion: The in vitro PK/PD modelling of minocycline’s activity showed that the standard dose of 4 mg/L can result in a drug exposure associated with maximal efficacy against each isolate, alone or together. However, a mixed staphylococcal infection with both isolates was associated with the best minocycline efficacy compared to S. aureus alone, although it was still non-significant.
Frequency of Achilles Tendinopathy Among Football Players in Rawalpindi and Islamabad
Authors: Muhammad Ibtsam ul Hussain  , Mehr un Nisa  , Iqra Asif  , Fatima Amjad
Published: September 2024

Background: Football is a widely popular sport with a high risk of overuse injuries, including Achilles tendinopathy, which can impair performance and cause long-term disability.Objective: This study aimed to determine the frequency of Achilles tendinopathy among football players in Rawalpindi and Islamabad.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 261 football players from various clubs in Rawalpindi and Islamabad between March 27, 2023, and January 30, 2024. Participants aged 13 to 19 years who had been playing for at least six months were included. Achilles tendinopathy was assessed using the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with descriptive statistics used to report frequencies and percentages.Results: Out of 261 participants, 52 (20%) had Achilles tendinopathy as indicated by VISA-A scores below 95. The mean age was 15.82 ± 1.75 years, mean height 154.45 ± 18.08 cm, mean weight 49.35 ± 13.09 kg, and mean BMI 21.02 ± 5.81.Conclusion: The study established a 20% prevalence of Achilles tendinopathy among football players in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, highlighting the need for targeted preventive strategies.
Relationship Between Pelvic Cross Syndrome, Gait, and Balance Impairments
Authors: Shama Yaseen  , Nayab Asif  , Aleeza Urooj  , Murad Ali Ahmad Raza
Published: September 2024

Background: Pelvic Cross Syndrome (PCS) is characterized by muscle imbalances around the pelvis, leading to postural distortions, abnormal gait, and balance impairments. Understanding its impact on gait and fall risk is crucial for improving patient outcomes.Objective: To explore the relationship between Pelvic Cross Syndrome and gait/balance impairments.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 138 participants aged 25-60 years, diagnosed with PCS and recruited from hospitals in Lahore. Participants were assessed using the Berg Balance Scale and Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) by an experienced physical therapist. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23, with descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to evaluate associations between PCS and balance/gait impairments.Results: The mean age of participants was 44.62 years. FGA scores averaged 17.00 (SD = 4.31), indicating moderate gait impairment; 18.8% had normal gait, 14.5% mild, 58.7% moderate, and 8.0% severe impairments. On the Berg Balance Scale, 63.8% were high fall risk, 20.3% medium, and 15.9% low. A significant association between PCS and high fall risk was observed (p = 0.000002).Conclusion: The study confirmed that individuals with PCS are at significant risk of gait and balance impairments, emphasizing the need for targeted rehabilitation interventions.
Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Malaria Transmission in Ngoma District
Authors:   University of Lay Adventists of Kigali, James Kant Kamuhanda
Published: September 2024

Malaria continues to remain a major health problem in Ngoma district and Rwanda at large despite various measures that have been geared towards treatment and control of the disease. The present study aimed to examine anthropogenic factors influencing malaria transmission in Ngoma district. A cross-sectional survey employing questionnaires, observation, and interviews was used to collect primary data, while secondary data on the seasonality of malaria transmission were gathered from published and unpublished hospital reports and a nearby weather station. The target population included 946 community health workers, 16,521 individuals who suffered from malaria in the selected sectors, and 1 hospital person in charge of malaria. The sample size of 127 respondents was selected using the Alain Bouchard formula, and multistage, cluster, and simple random sampling techniques were deployed. The results indicated that hospital admission rates for malaria in adults were highest in 2014 at 51.0% and highest in children in 2014 at 64.6%. Hospital admission rates in adults were lowest in 2016 at 18.5% and lowest in children in 2017 at 13.2%. A positive relationship between malaria admission rates and rainfall and temperature (p = 0.001) was observed. The most common night-time outdoor activities were evening parties (Chi-squared value 184.068, p = 0.000), rated at 3.57. The primary reason for not owning LLINs was their unavailability, noted by 26.0% (p = 0.000). Irrigation for rice cultivation and slow-flowing fresh water from the extensive anastomosis of tributaries of River Kagera were identified as the most dominant malaria transmission factors (66.1%, p = 0.000). Malaria transmission was significantly associated with non-window screening (92.9%, p = 0.000). General sanitation was effective in reducing malaria transmission (55.9%). Livestock keeping had a significant impact on the increase in malaria transmission (38.6%) (Chi-square: 81.506, Std. Dev = 0.489, and p = 0.000) due to the rising mosquito density. This study validates anthropogenic factors, notably rice farming, poor housing, inappropriate bed net use, night parties, irrigation agriculture, and improper waste management, as the main factors causing malaria in Ngoma district in Rwanda.