bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financial Reporting Quality, Investment Horizon, and Institutional Investor Trading Strategies
Authors: Bushee Brian J. , Goodman Theodore H. , Sunder Shyam V.
Published: July 2018

This paper provides evidence that financial reporting quality (FRQ) influences the holding costs of trading strategies. While prior research has focused on the benefits of investment strategies based on poor FRQ (i.e., larger returns due to a greater amount of private information), we examine whether poor FRQ imposes greater holding costs on certain trading strategies. We show that poor FRQ motivates sophisticated investors with short-term horizons to tilt their portfolios away from value stocks, whose returns are contingent on investors revising their beliefs about firm fundamental value, and toward past winner stocks, whose future returns are realized more quickly. Poor FRQ also increases the length of time that institutions maintain large positions in value stocks. Our results imply that mis-valuations can be persistent when arbitrageurs perceive high holding costs from poor financial quality, even when they can see through the opaque financial disclosures.
Banks' Asset Reporting Frequency and Capital Regulation: An Analysis of Discretionary Use of Fair-Value Accounting
Authors: Corona Carlos , Nan Lin , Zhang Gaoqing
Published: July 2018

This paper examines banks' choice between fair-value and historical-cost accounting when reported accounting information is used in capital requirement regulation. We center our analysis on a key difference between fair-value and historical-cost accounting: the frequency with which asset value changes are reported. We show that the elasticity of banks' loan returns to aggregate lending is a critical determinant of the interaction between capital adequacy requirements and accounting choices. If lending returns are inelastic, then higher capital requirements reduce fair-value usage. By contrast, higher capital requirements encourage fair value if capital requirements are low and lending returns are sufficiently elastic. In equilibrium, banks may elect different accounting choices, and we find that mandating uniform adoption of historical cost (fair value) is desirable when capital requirements are loose (tight). Our study offers many other implications about fundamental links between accounting and prudential choices.
Coding reliability and agreement of international classification of disease, 10th revision (ICD-10) codes in emergency department data
Authors: Peng Mingkai , Eastwood Cathy , Boxill Alicia , Jolley Rachel Joy , Rutherford Laura , Carlson Karen , Dean Stafford , Quan Hude
Published: July 2018

Introduction:

Administrative health data from the emergency department (ED) play important roles in understanding health needs of the public and reasons for health care resource use. International Classification of Disease (ICD) diagnostic codes have been widely used for code reasons of clinical encounters for administrative purposes in EDs.

Objective:

The purpose of the study is to examine the coding agreement and reliability of ICD diagnosis codes in ED through auditing the routinely collected data.

Methods:

We randomly sampled 1 percent of records (n=1636) between October and December from 11 emergency departments in Alberta, Canada. Auditors were employed to review the same chart and independently assign main diagnosis codes. We assessed coding agreement and reliability through comparison of codes assigned by auditors and hospital coders using the proportion of agreement and Cohen’s kappa. Error analysis was conducted to review diagnosis codes with disagreement and categorized them into six groups.

Results:

Overall, the agreement was 86.5% and 82.2% at 3 and 4 digits levels respectively, and reliability was 0.86 and 0.82 respectively. Variation of agreement and reliability were identified across different emergency departments. The major two categories of coding discrepancy were the use of different codes for the same condition (23.6%) and the use of codes at different levels of specificity (20.9%).

Conclusions:

Diagnosis codes in emergency department show high agreement and reliability. More strict coding guidelines regarding the use of unspecified codes are needed to enhance coding consistency.
Numerical Modelling of Wheel on the Snow
Authors: TİGDEMİR Mesut , JAFARZADYEGANEH Mahyar , BAYRAK Mehmet Çağrı , AVCAR Mehmet
Published: July 2018

In the
present study, a numerical model for wheel-snow interaction ispresented using
finite element method. For this aim, the model of tire is designed using
SolidWorks and ANSYS Design modeler. The analyses of the prepared models are
performed using ANSYS Explicit Dynamics considering Mooney- Rivilin tire model.
Frictional relationship between wheel and snow ground was established and snow
erosion is considered as linear, in the analyses. To
validate the results, a comparison is carried out with available results. Six different mesh sizes are considered in the
study, the effect of mesh sizing and mesh number on the accuracy of the
obtained results and solution time is discussed. Finally, it is concluded that models
with 0.025 m and 0.02 m mesh sizes give more accurate
results than the others and a strong linear proportion exists between the
number of iteration and the mesh size.
Visualizing the Fight Book Tradition: Collected Martial Knowledge in the Thun-Hohenstein Album
Authors: Kirchhoff Chassica
Published: July 2018

The Thun-Hohenstein album, long-known as the Thun’sche Skizzenbuch, is a bound collection of 112 drawings that visualize armoured figures at rest and in combat, as well as empty armours arrayed in pieces. The collection gathers drawings that span the period from the 1470s to around 1590. While most of the images were executed in Augsburg during the 1540s, the album’s three oldest drawings date to the late-fifteenth century. Two of these works, which form a codicological interlude between the first and second quires, find parallels in the illustrations of contemporaneous martial treatises. This article traces the pictorial lineages of these atextual images through comparative analyses of fight books produced in the German-speaking lands, and considers how the representational strategies deployed in martial treatises inflected the ways that book painters and their audiences visualized the armoured body. This exploration situates a manuscript from which one of the drawings derives, Peter Falkner’s Art of Knightly Defense, now in Vienna, within the Augsburg book painters’ workshops that would later give rise to the Thun album. Finally, this study considers how the transmission and representation of martial knowledge in late fifteenth- and early sixteenth-century Augsburg contributed to the later depictions of armoured bodies that populate the album.
The art of fighting under glass: Review of museum exhibitions displaying fight books, 1968-2017
Authors: Jaquet Daniel
Published: July 2018

A growing body of research on fight books and historical European martial arts has appeared in academic circles over the last fifteen years. It has also broken through the doors of patrimonial institutions. From curiosities in exhibitions about knighthood, to dedicated temporary exhibitions about historical European martial arts, the fight books have received more and more attention from museum professionals. This article attempts to present an exhaustive list of fight books displayed in museum exhibitions over the last fifty years. It then proposes a critical view about how and why they were displayed from the perspective of the curators, based on a review of the exhibition catalogues.
Simulation of Seismic Explosion Waves with Underground Pipe Interaction
Authors: Remez N. , Dychko A. , Kraychuk S. , Ostapchuk N. , Yevtieieva L. , Bronitskiy V.
Published: July 2018

The present paper provides numerical simulation of interaction of wave processes in the system “soil massif – underground pipeline” in explosion of charge on the surface of ground. Construction is considered in the framework of nonlinear theory of shells of Tymoshenko type. Soil is modelled by a solid porous multicomponent visco-plastic medium. The study establishes patterns of changes in stress-strain state of system depending on depth of pipeline laying and its diameter.
Finding Electron-Hole Interaction in Quantum Kinetic Framework
Authors: Klotins E.
Published: July 2018

The article presents a quantum kinetic framework to study interacting quan¬tum systems. Having the constituting model Hamiltonians of two-band semiconductor and the photoexcited electron-hole pair, their quantum kinetic evolution has been revi-sited. Solution to this nonlinear problem of electron-hole interaction is obtained making use of the self-consistency loop between the densities of photoexcited electrons and holes and the pairwise interaction terms in the constituting model Hamiltonians. In the leading order, this approach supports the required isomorphism between the pairwise interaction and the birth and annihilation operators of the photoexcited electrons and holes as a desirable property. The approach implies the Hilbert space and the tensor product mathematical techniques as an appropriate generalization of the noninteracting electron-hole pair toward several-body systems.
A Synopsis of African Metellina (Aranei, Tetragnathidae, Metainae) with Description of a New Species from South Africa
Authors: Marusik Yu. M. , Larsen N.
Published: July 2018

Until this study, Metellina Chamberlin et Ivie, 1941 was unknown in Africa and adjacent islands. A survey of the literature revealed that among nine species of Meta C. L. Koch, 1836 described from the region, two were misplaced in Metainae and actually belong to Tetragnatha Latreille, 1804: T. maculata Blackwall, 1865 (originally placed in the genus Tetragnatha) and Tetragnatha vacillans (Butler, 1876), comb. n. Meta meruensis Tullgren, 1910 misplaced in this genus, most likely belongs to Leucauge White, 1841 or a related genus. Six species are transferred from Meta, and new combinations are established for them: Metellina barreti (Kulczyński, 1899), comb. n., M. gertschi (Lessert, 1938), comb. n., M. longipalpis (Pavesi, 1883), comb. n., M. merianopsis (Tullgren, 1910), comb. n., M. minima (Denis, 1953), comb. n. and M. villiersi (Denis, 1955), comb. n. Metellina haddadi sp. n. is described from the foothills of the Table Mountain near Cape Town. The distribution of all species treated in this paper is mapped.
Comportamiento de una pantalla vertical de micropilotes en Granada (españa)
Authors: Botello Azucena , Oteo Carlos , Santos José
Published: July 2018

En el presente trabajo se presenta, de forma breve, la construcción de una pantalla vertical con micropilotes, ejecutada a fin de poder realizar una excavación de 20 m de altura para la edificación de un Hospital en Granada. Dicha pantalla fue instrumentada con inclinómetros y el trabajo presenta la interpretación de los resultados y diversas hipótesis sobre las propiedades geotécnicas, la rigidez de la pantalla y de los anclajes, etc., a fin de ajustar los resultados a los cálculos derivados de esas hipótesis. Finalmente se propone una ley de empujes para otros casos futuros y similares.
Ensaio bidirecional: características, interpretação e estudos de casos de estacas moldadas in loco no Brasil
Authors: Lucouvicz Dada Thaís , Massad Faiçal
Published: July 2018

O ensaio bidirecional (Silva, 1983) tem sido cada vez mais utilizado na verificação do comportamento de estacas carregadas axialmente. Há várias metodologias de interpretação para a obtenção da curva carga-recalque equivalente para carregamentos no topo (prova de carga estática convencional), porém, ainda não há diretrizes de aplicação bem definidas no Brasil. Após um breve histórico e descrição do ensaio, o trabalho apresenta estudos de casos de três estacas moldadas in loco (estacão e raiz), em que se aplicaram o "método tradicional" (Silva, 1983; 1986; Osterberg, 1995) e o método de Massad (2015). Além destes, aplicaram-se as formulações de Fleming (1992), à semelhança da metodologia de England (2005; 2009). Os resultados foram coerentes com os obtidos por métodos semi-empíricos baseados no SPT, em termos de capacidade de carga, e por ensaio de carregamento dinâmico, disponível em um dos casos. Conclui-se que, para estacas curtas ou rígidas, os métodos apresentados são adequados, sendo mais realistas o de Massad (2015) e o aplicado com base em Fleming (1992), pois consideram a compressibilidade da estaca.
Modelação do comportamento evolutivo de margas compactadas considerando a presença dos fragmentos
Authors: Cardoso Rafaela
Published: July 2018

Alguns aterros da Autoestrada A10 foram construídos com margas compactadas, que consistem num conjunto de fragmentos cujas dimensões e arranjo dependem do processo de compactação. Porque as margas são materiais com comportamento evolutivo, os fragmentos de marga sofrem forte degradação física quando sujeitos às acções atmosféricas (essencialmente molhagem e secagem), de onde resultam assentamentos que poderão ter consequências no comportamento dos aterros. Foram efectuados ensaios edométricos de material compactado de modo a caracterizar o seu comportamento quando sujeito a ciclos de molhagem-secagem. Observou-se uma evolução de um comportamento típico de materiais tipo enrocamento, quando ainda não há degradação dos fragmentos, para um comportamento típico de materiais argilosos, após haver degradação. Neste artigo apresenta-se o estudo efectuado para compreender este fenómeno e para definir um modelo constitutivo para as margas compactadas. Na primeira parte é efectuado o estudo do mecanismo de degradação de um fragmento rochoso devido a saturação, com base num modelo de elementos finitos, recorrendo a com um modelo constitutivo aplicável a solos não saturados. Na segunda parte apresenta-se o modelo constitutivo definido para o fragmento considerando a sua degradação física através de um parâmetro de dano. Este modelo é depois incorporado no modelo definido para as margas compactadas, que se apresenta na terceira parte. Trata se de um modelo elastoplástico com endurecimento e amolecimento, definido em termos de tensões totais e que inclui a sucção como variável de estado. Considera a existência de dois níveis estruturais (o do arranjo dos fragmentos e o dos próprios fragmentos) e a sua interacção através de funções de interacção. Este modelo foi usado para reproduzir vários ensaios edométricos.
Balloon Catheter Sinuplasty in Young Children
Authors: Ramadan Hassan H. , McLaughlin Kevin , Josephson Gary , Rimell Frank , Bent John , Parikh Sanjay R.
Published: July 2018

Background

Balloon catheter sinuplasty (BCS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) was found to be successful in adults. The safety and feasibility of BCS in children has been recently established. The purpose of this study was to study the outcome of this technology in CRS in children.

Methods

A prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized evaluation was performed on patients with CRS. Thirty-two children between the ages of 2 and 11 years were enrolled. Safety was assessed by rate of adverse events. Effectiveness was assessed using the Sino-Nasal (SN)-5 quality-of-life questionnaire for children with CRS at 52 weeks follow-up.

Results

Thirty-two children were enrolled of which 24 completed their 52 weeks follow-up. No adverse events were reported because of the procedure. SN-5 score improved from a mean of 4.9 at baseline to a mean of 2.95 at 52 weeks (p < 0.0001). Twelve (50%) children had a significant improvement of their SN-5 (> – 1.5), 7 (29%) had moderate improvement (> –1.0 and < –1.5), 2 (8%) had mild improvement (> –0.5 and < –1.0), 1 (4%) remained the same, and 2 (8%) had worsening scores.

Conclusions

Balloon catheter dilation of the sinus ostia in children was safe and a significant number showed improvement of their SN-5 at 1 year follow-up. Additional studies comparing balloon sinuplasty to other modalities of treatment in children are needed to determine its efficacy in the treatment of CRS in children.
Cytological Changes in Nasal Secretions Accompanying Delayed Nasal Response to Allergen Challenge
Authors: Pelikan Zdenek
Published: July 2018

Background

Patients with allergic rhinitis when challenged with allergen develop various types of nasal response, such as an immediate nasal response (INR), late nasal response (LNR), dual late nasal response (DLNR), or delayed nasal response (DYNR), probably because of different hypersensitivity mechanisms. This study was designed to investigate the cytological changes in the nasal secretions (NSs) during the DYNR, beginning 24–32 hours, reaching maximum at 32–36 hours, and resolving within 56 hours after the nasal provocation tests (NPTs) with allergens.

Methods

In 45 allergic rhinitis patients developing 45 positive DYNRs (p < 0.01), the NPTs and the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) controls were repeated and supplemented with cytological examination of the NSs and determination of interferon (IFN) γ and IL-4 in nasal lavage fluid (NLF).

Results

The repeated DYNR (p < 0.001) was accompanied by significant changes (p < 0.05) in the counts of neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, epithelial and goblet cells, and, to a limited extent, of plasma cells and platelets in the NSs and increased concentrations of IFN-γ but not of IL-4, in NLF between 24 and 48 hours after the NPT. No significant cytological changes were found in NSs during the PBS controls (p > 0.1).

Conclusion

The DYNR is associated with cytological profiles in the NS different from those observed during the INR or LNR. The significant count changes of neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, epithelial and goblet cells in NSs, and increased IFN-γ but not of IL-4 concentrations in the NLF, suggest a possible involvement of the cell-mediated hypersensitivity in the DYNR. These results also emphasize the diagnostic value of NPTs combined with cytological examination of the NSs in patients with nasal allergy.
Human prefrontal layer II interneurons in areas 46, 10 and 24
Authors: Arteaga Gabriel , Buritica Efrain , Escobar Martha Isabel , Pimienta Hernan
Published: July 2018

Background: Prefrontal cortex (PFC) represents the highest level of integration and control of psychic and behavioral states. Several dysfunctions such as autism, hyperactivity disorders, depression, and schizophrenia have been related with alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Among the cortical layers of the PFC, layer II shows a particular vertical pattern of organization, the highest cell density and the biggest non-pyramidal/pyramidal neuronal ratio. We currently characterized the layer II cytoarchitecture in human areas 10, 24, and 46.
Objective: We focused particularly on the inhibitory neurons taking into account that these cells are involved in sustained firing (SF) after stimuli disappearance.
Methods: Postmortem samples from five subjects who died by causes different to central nervous system diseases were studied. Immunohistochemistry for the neuronal markers, NeuN, parvalbumin, calbindin, and calretinin were used. NeuN targeted the total neuronal population while the rest of the markers specifically the interneurons.
Results: Cell density and soma size were statically different between areas 10, 46, 24 when using NeuN. Layer II of area 46 showed the highest cell density. Regarding interneurons, PV+-cells of area 46 showed the highest density and size, in accordance to the proposal of a dual origin of the cerebral cortex. Interhemispheric asymmetries were not identified between homologue areas.
Conclusion: First, our findings suggest that layer II of area 46 exhibits the most powerful inhibitory system compared to the other prefrontal areas analyzed. This feature is not only characteristic of the PFC but also supports a particular role of layer II of area 46 in SF. Additionally, known functional asymmetries between hemispheres might not be supported by morphological asymmetries.
Innovative Development of Education Strategy in Russian Federation: Experience of Future Skills School Graduates Formation by City Organizations Network Interaction
Authors: Sorokina Anastasiya Lvovna
Published: July 2018

The article is devoted to the strategy of innovative Moscow education development and the priority directions of the state education policy. According to modern research, a universal map of key drivers and Megatrends of education development in Russia and the whole world has been compiled. The generalized map of future skills with the authors interpretation is given. Implementing the elements of educational strategy into personal practice author introduces in detail the system of career guidance in secondary school, which contains such elements as: the matrix of a graduate school competencies, network partnership, open urban educational space. The author also describes his own experience of the network partnership system organization at building individual development trajectories for students of 14-17 to form the skills of the future and ensure comprehensive development. The practical recommendations and analysis of emerging issues are given. The author raises issues on the content of modern education, pre-profile and profile training and students readiness for self-realization and life in the society of the modern metropolis.
The Teacher, Teaching and the Learning Styles of the Students
Authors: Lutaj Lindita
Published: July 2018

The learning styles are ways or methods through which a pupil learns, perceives and understands information. The recognition of the learning styles is very important as it creates for the teachers the possibility to select the techniques and proper strategies in accordance with these styles. This study aims to highlight the importance that the style recognition has from the teacher and to evaluate the role in adopting the teaching conform them. In the study we have assessed if the selection of the techniques and strategies of teaching conform pupils style leads to a more effective learning. The study included teachers ( N=30 ) and pupils ( N=300 ) from the elementary cycle of schools in the city of Tirana. The instrument used was the questionnaire for the teachers and another one for the pupils of the schools in the study. From the analysis of the data we noticed that recognizing the learning styles from the teachers helps in the realization of the more productive hours and the improvement of the quality of the school hours. Each pupil has his own way of learning. This way is taken into consideration form the teacher when he plans the activities during his teaching, in order to achieve success in each student. The teacher plays an important role in adopting the teaching methods according to the students styles by ensuring a more effective learning. The use of information technology during class hours helps the pupils in their learning styles. Providing information to the parents for their children methods of learning is very important, as it makes the parents create the best conditions for the children to study.
Problems of Language Education in Pre-School Children
Authors: Abdurahmani Edlira Troplini
Published: July 2018

In Albania, work on shaping a good communicative competence is unfortunately not starting in the preschool cycle. Even the legal framework for this cycle leaves much to be desired. It gives more importance to other study cycles, such as primary, ninth grade, high school and university. In this paper we will first deal with the description of the real situation of language competence in the age group of pre-school children, to see then how much the so-called legal framework has been met for this cycle and how the objectives set up by it have been fulfilled. After that, we are going to set out some important milestones regarding the teaching of the Albanian language, which should be taken into account in the law on preschool education and then propose their implementation successfully based on strategies and methods practiced earlier from developed countries. All this will be done by taking into account some conclusions of certain language disciplines regarding the childrens ability and language capacity, shaping the basics of their communicative competence which are very important for good language education in this age group.
The Impact of the Albanian Folklore of Mitrush Kuteli and De Rada
Authors: Haluci Dr. Alta
Published: July 2018

In his work, Kuteli chose as pretexts the folkloric ballads such as (“Rozafati”), legendary heroic epos (“Gjergj Elez Alia”, “Muji and Behuri”, “Muji and Zanat”, etc.) and the verses of De Rada (“Skanderbeg and Ballaban”, “Turku rrëmbeu një arbëreshe -The Turkish grabbed an Arberesh”, “The Faith of Costandin”). The presence of some poetry motives from the verses of De Rada in his work “Rhapsody of an Arberesh poem” recreated in “Ancient Albanian Stories” of Mitrush Kuteli is of a special interest not only in the area of text comparison but also in theoretical interest. The issue relates to the trans modeling of the text, concretively with the narration of the poetry. The importance of the recreation of Kuteli is increased from the fact that these works, in contrast to the narrations of J. Kastrati, Dh. S. Shuteriqi, A. Varfi, offered to the young generations of readers a code of communication that overpasses the reading challenges that come from the ancient age of the speech (the case of the verses of De Rada) or its dialect feature (case of northern folk rhapsodies). Kuteli homogenized his work with his authorship (verses) and without authorship (folk ballads). The fact that De Rada had collected the rhapsodies from the folk people themselves, did it play a facilitating role? Can a work of Kuteli be considered an “authorship of second degree” according to the concept of Gerard Genette, a recreational model? These and some other questions will be in the center of this study.
Presentation of Bilingualism in Preschools in Gjakova and Prizren
Authors: Kryeziu Prof. Ass. Dr. Sindorela Doli
Published: July 2018

Through this paper it will be supported that the argument of child development can be stimulated, encouraged and accelerated through appropriate techniques for a healthy growth and development. The aim of this study is to research the impact that the teaching of two foreign languages has to do with the narrative skills of pre-school children. Also it will be discussed the global impact as an important factor for young parents in order to teach them in a slang form to their children as well. During this paper it will be presented the research which is done in the pre-school age group, by including the influence of the social and psychological system, where from this year the English Language as a foreign language has been incorporated. It will be noted that development can occur spontaneously as a result of maturity, which is the controlled growing the genetically process. Also, on the other hand, it is influenced by the appropriate practices of well-being and lifestyle that can encourage and accelerate, as well as inadequate practices and life forms that may hinder or slow it down. This paper focuses on linguistic development as a dimension of the cognitive sphere. In addition it will be precisely elaborated in the context of this combined approach between nature and welfare, by emphasizing the idea that the development of children can be stimulated, encouraged and accelerated through appropriate healthy growth techniques.
The Potential Economic Ramifications of Changing Consumer Perceptions in the Free-to-Play Gaming Market: A Case Study of Grinding Gear Games
Authors: Margitay-Becht András , Herrera Dana R.
Published: July 2018

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Hashgraph the Future of Decentralized Technology and the End of Blockchain
Authors: Hoxha Ledina
Published: July 2018

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Analysis on the Legal Mechanisms for Consumer Protection in the Comparative Right: Kosovo Case
Authors: Jashari Adnan , Vokshi Krenare
Published: July 2018

In this paper we would like to analyse and to treat the legal bases of: Legal analysis on the legal mechanisms for consumer protection in the comparative right, the role and importance of these legal mechanisms in developed countries and paying attention by special emphasis over the Republic of Kosovo. An important highlight will be over the comparative aspect of legal analysis in Kosovo, Macedonia and Albania. We also take into consideration the legal analysis of cases of violations and misleading commercial practices. Commercial practice is misleading when it contains false information and is therefore untrue. A commercial practice is misleading even when, in every possible way, including the overall appearance, misleads or is likely to mislead the average consumer, making or likely to make the consumer. The paper aims to provide a complete overview of the key issues related to the legal mechanisms for consumer protection in comparative law by treating them both theoretically and in the way that judicial practice, especially our judicial practice, has understand and apply procedural provisions regarding legal mechanisms for consumer protection in comparative law and issues arising in this regard. In this regard, the research questions include: 1. which are the main problems facing Kosovo's judicial practice in the context of the implementation of substantive and procedural provisions on cases and legal mechanisms for the protection of consumers in comparative law? 2.Is Kosovo facing poor implementation of the law, respectively non-implementation of material provisions and procedural provisions in Kosovo, for the protection of businesses and consumers? What are the causes that may affect the non-implementation of the legal framework, which is thought to be the best solution in this regard? The research questions that come out under the law are; in which cases should a relationship be referred to legal remedies for consumer protection in comparative foreign law? All these issues tend to give a comparative look at the international and national level. The expected results from this research consist in deepening theoretical and practical knowledge on legal mechanisms for consumer protection in comparative law, comparative analysis in Kosovo and beyond.
Development of Internal Controls in Small and Medium Enterprises - Case of Albania
Authors: Çika Nertila
Published: July 2018

Under the current conditions of the economic development, the management of entities requires information in order to make efficient economic decisions to achive the objectives by taking the respective risks as well. To achieve this goal, among other things, the organization of effective internal control systems and accounting is important. Financial scandals at the beginning of the XXI century highlighted the deficiencies and indicated the need to establish effective internal control systems and risk management. Small and medium enterprises currently represent the major part of economic activities throughout the world. In Albania, they represent the largest proportion of all types of enterprises, providing a lot of opportunities for employment. Mechanisms of internal control are a tool and a way of monitoring the human resources activities of SMEs. It plays an important role in the prevention and detection of fraud and protection of physical and intangible resources, and leading to high efficiency and smooth functioning of the business. This study examines and describes the effectiveness of internal control systems in Albanian small and medium size enterprises. The study focuses on the five main components of internal control and their impact on achieving the company’s objectives. To achieve these objectives we formulate one research question: To what extent does the internal control system of SMEs comply with the principles of effective internal control? The literature review chapter is based from various resources such as books, articles and online papers. We will use questionnaire to collect data pertaining to the five essential and interrelated components of internal control: control environment, risk assessment, information and communication, monitoring and control activities. After obtaining adequate theoretical framework and practical data, a comprehensive analysis is carried out based on these data. This study has shown that SMEs in Albania has a solid and effective internal control system, but still it needs more improvement and generally it requires more attention from the board members.
The Priorities of Georgian Economic Development in Conditions of Globalization
Authors: Chania Maia , Putkaradze Ramaz
Published: July 2018

The article is about economic problems, economic growth, and development in Georgia in conditions of universal globalization in the world. In the modern conditions it’s hard to find national economy, which isn’t included in the system of the world economy. Globalization-integration is an irreversible tendency in the world economic development, which is characterized by high growth quality of relationships between national economics. Economic development is a necessary condition for solving many challenges facing Georgia.
The Determinants of Capital Structure: The Case of Moroccan Firms
Authors: Louziri Réda
Published: July 2018

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A Survey on Loanwords and Borrowings and Their Role in the Reflection of Cultural Values and Democracy Development: the Armenian Paradigm
Authors: Stepanyan Elina
Published: July 2018

With the new wave of social sector becoming a fundamental element in generating and shaping democratic practices in such counties as Armenia, the role and the strategic prominence of language and loanwords has been highly reemphasized in the frames of thorough investigation of word borrowing practice and of its contribution to the egalitarian developments. The current paper aims at disclosing the essential dynamics in regard to the development of loanwords uncovered during a former field work in Armenia, which primarily concerns the process, the causes, the social dynamics through which loanwords emerge, as well as the issues of "purity" of vocabulary and the interconnection between loanwords and local development processes in Armenia. The article is based on qualitative research methods; semi-structured, focus group and informal interviews have been carried out in order to collect the needed data. The results of the article suggest that being the basis of communication among different countries and societies, the process of word borrowing however is not always easy and autonomous, especially in the scope of democracy building; the creation and the development of new words and concepts is a complicated task, which requires cultural exchange, real manifestation of the concepts induced, as well as apt and professional assistance and sustenance. The paper concludes that notwithstanding all the efforts by humans, geopolitical, economic and cultural forces play a significantly stronger role, and thus changes and modifications in a language are inevitable, moreover the process appeals for facilitation and support in such developing countries as Armenia.
Personal Development Peculiarities on Gender Perspective in Georgia
Authors: Kharadze Natalia , Gulua Ekaterine
Published: July 2018

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José Agustín Blanco Barros (1922 – 2016) : Un Provinciano Universal
Authors: Patiño Pedro Castellón
Published: July 2018

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Challenges of Higher Education Learning and Scientific Research Process Management
Authors: Gulua Ekaterine
Published: July 2018

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DISPOSISI MATEMATIS DAN PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA HUMANIS	BAGI MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Jamiah Yulis
Published: July 2018

ABSTRAKThis research purposed to obtain the overview of mathematical disposition of student mathematics education, especially the students who took number theory subject. In obtaining these overview will be applied by humanis mathematics learning model. The specific purpose of this research are: 1) describe mathematics disposition of the students; 2) describe the process of application model to increase mathematic dispositions of the student; 3) describe the effectiveness of application model. The purposes are achieved through several stages, including: 1) analyze the theoretical; 2) explore the characteristics of a mathematical disposition; (3) identify and analyze problems; (4) reviewing the learning model; (5) applying model to increase mathematic dispositions that based on observation; 6) gives a questionnaire about mathematical disposition; and 7) analyzing the data. The method used in this research is descriptive method. Based on the purpose that disclosed, the results of research: 1) mathematical disposition of the students after the application model, shows 74% very positive attitude; 24% positive attitude; and 2% doubtful attitude; 2) the process of application model that facilitates appearance of a mathematical disposition of the students based on ability cognitive domain, affective domain, and domain skills, showing the criteria very well and good; and 3) the application of humanis mathematics learning model effective to increase mathematics disposition of the students in Number theory subject. Keywords: Humanis Mathematics Learning Model, Mathematical Dispositions
HUBUNGAN PERIODE PENGGUNAAN ALAT KONTRASEPSI SUNTIK 3 BULAN DENGAN SIKLUS MENSTRUASI
Authors: Andriani Diah , Hartinah Dewi
Published: July 2018

Latar Belakang : Siklus menstruasi adalah perubahan dalam tubuh wanita, khususnya pada bagian organ reproduksi. Yaitu ketika lapisan dinding rahim (endometrium) yang menebal luruh karena tidak adanya pembuahan. Siklus menstruasi pada tiap wanita berbeda-beda berkisar 21-35 hari. Namun rata-rata siklus menstruasi adalah 28 hari (Manan, 2011). Salah satu penyebab siklus menstruasi adalah penggunaan alat kontrasepsi suntik 3 bulan. Tujuan : Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan periode penggunaan alat kontrasepsi suntik dengan siklus menstruasi di Desa Pasuruhan Lor. Metode : Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian korelasi dengan desain penelitian Cross Sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pengguna kontrasepsi suntik 3 bulan di Desa Pasuruhan Lor Kabupaten Kudus yang berjumlah sebanyak 85 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan Simple Random Samplig. Sehingga besar sampel sebanyak 46 responden. Uji analisa data dengan uji nonparametik Spearman Rho. Hasil Penelitian : Hasil analisis data menggunakan spearman rho diperoleh nilai p sebesar 0.000 (< 0.05) yang berarti terdapat hubungan periode penggunaan alat kontrasepsi suntik 3 bulan dengan siklus menstruasi dan setelah dilakukan tabulasi silang faktor yang paling dominan antara umur responden dan penguunaan kontrasepsi jangka panjang dengan menggunakan uji regresi linear diperoleh umur responden dengan nilai p value 0,032 dan kontrasepsi jangka panjang diperoleh nilai p value 0,000. Kesimpulan : Ada hunbungan antara periode penggunaan alat kontrasepsi suntik 3 bulan dengan siklus menstruasi dengan p value0.000, dan ada hubungan antara umur responden dengan siklus menstruasi dengan p value 0,032. Kata Kunci : Periode Penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi Suntik 3 Bulan, Siklus Menstruasi.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN INFORMED CONSENT TERHADAP KECEMASAN PADA PASIEN PRE OPERASI SECTIO CAESAREA
Authors: Astuti Dwi , Kulsum Ummi
Published: July 2018

Tindakan pembedahan merupakan salah satu bentuk terapi dan merupakan upaya yang dapat mendatangkan ancaman terhadap tubuh, integritas dan jiwa seseorang. Pasien dan keluarga memandang setiap tindakan pembedahan sebagai peristiwa  besar yang  dapat menimbulkan takut dan cemas tingkat tertentu. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan pemberian informed consent untuk mengurangi kecemasan pasien terhadap ancaman-ancaman yang dirasakan pasien saat akan menjalani operasi. Peran perawat dalam perawatan pre operasi adalah sebagai advocate, counselor dan consultant. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian informed consent terhadap kecemasan pasien pre operasi sectio caesarea di RSUD RAA Soewondo Pati. Jenis penelitian ini quasy experiment dengan menggunakan bentuk rancangan one group pre and postest design. Data dianalisa dengan uji statistik wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kecemasan sebelum diberikan perlakuan pada kelompok intervensi sebagian besar mengalami cemas ringan sebanyak 25 orang (39,7%), dan kecemasan sesudah diberikan perlakuan pada kelompok intervensi yaitu sebagian besar mengalami cemas ringan sebanyak 33 orang (52,4%),  Hasil uji statistik Wilcoxon diperoleh p value = 0,001 < α = 0,05. Kesimpulan Ada pengaruh antara informed consent terhadap kecemasan pada pasien pre operasi Sectio Caesarea dengan hasil P value 0,001 < p value 0,05.
PERBAIKAN HISTOLOGIS PUSAT LEARNING AND MEMORY DI HIPOKAMPUS OTAK SETELAH PERLAKUAN SUPLEMEN DAGING IKAN GABUS (Channa striata)
Authors: Wijaya Saputra Reynato , Sunarno Sunarno , Muflichatun Mardiati Siti
Published: July 2018

Cornu ammonis (CA3 dan CA1) merupakan struktur di hipokampus yangmerupakan pusat learning and memory. Penelitian ini dilakukan untukmemperoleh gambaran perbaikan histologis lapisan CA3 dan CA1 dihipokampus otak tikus setelah suplementasi daging ikan gabus dalam pakanpasca stres. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Hewan ujiyang digunakan adalah Tikus Wistar jantan. Perlakuan yang diberikan,meliputi P0: kontrol, yaitu tikus Wistar yang dikondisikan stres selama 6 hariyang diikuti pemberian pakan tanpa suplementasi daging ikan gabus selama 14hari; P1, P2, P3, dan P4, berturut-turut adalah tikus Wistar yang dikondisikan stres yang diikuti pemberian pakan dengan suplementasi daging ikan gabus5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%. Variabel penelitian yang diukur adalah ketebalanlapisan CA3 dan CA1. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Analysisof Variance (ANOVA) pada taraf kepercayaan 95% dan dilanjutkan denganuji Duncan dengan taraf signifikansi 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanPemberian pakan dengan suplementasi daging ikan gabus sebanyak 15%selama 14 hari pada tikus Wistar pasca stres memberi pengaruh terbaik padaperbaikan histologis lapisan CA3 dan CA1 hipokampus, berturut-turut 53,60μm2 (17,49%) dan 46,31 μm2 (78,32%), lebih baik dibanding kontrol.Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah Pemberian pakan dengan suplementasidaging ikan gabus selama 14 hari pada tikus Wistar pasca stres dapatmemperbaiki lapisan CA3 dan CA1 di hipokampus otak.Kata kunci: cornu ammonis, daging ikan gabus, hipokampus, learning and memory,suplemen
APLIKASI PAKAN KAYA NUTRISI DENGAN SUPLEMENTASI DAGING IKAN GABUS (Channa striata) DAN PERANNYA DALAM PERBAIKAN STRUKTUR DUODENUM: KAJIAN IN VIVO PADA TIKUS WISTAR YANG DIBERI PERLAKUAN STRES
Authors: Sunarno Sunarno , Juandi Goeltoem Rudy , Muflichatun Mardiati Siti
Published: July 2018

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh gambaran histologis duodenum,yang meliputi diameter, panjang vili, dan tebal lapisan mukosa setelahpemberian pakan dengan suplementasi daging ikan gabus pada tikus Wistardari waktu pasca stres. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini terdiri atas P0: kontrol,hewan uji yang dikondisikan stres 6 hari yang diikuti pemberian pakan tanpasuplementasi daging ikan gabus; P1, P2, P3, dan P4 adalah hewan uji yangdikondisikan stres selama 6 hari dan diberi pakan dengan suplementasi dagingikan gabus selama 14 hari, berturut-turut 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20% dari waktupasca stres. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Parameter yang diukur pada penelitian ini adalah diameter, panjang vili, danketebalan lapisan mukosa duodenum usus halus. Data yang diperolehdianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkandengan uji Duncan dengan taraf signifikansi 95%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian iniadalah bahwa pemberian pakan dengan suplementasi daging ikan gabus dengankonsentrasi 15% memberi pengaruh pada peningkatan diameter, panjang vili, danketebalan lapisan mukosa duodenum, berturut-turut 2520 μm, 576,34 μm, dan 506μm, masing-masing lebih tinggi 23,43%, 46,37%, dan 45,26% dibanding kontrol.Kata kunci: daging ikan gabus, diameter vili, panjang vili, ketebalan lapisanmukosa duodenum dan suplemen
PROFIL PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE MAHASISWA CALON GURU BIOLOGI
Authors: Wasikin Haryanti Eny Hartadiyati
Published: July 2018

Agar dapat melaksanakan pembelajaran dengan baik maka mahasiswa calonguru perlu mempunyai pengetahuan tentang pengajaran untuk konten yangspesifik yang dinamakan PCK (Pedagogical Content Knowledge). Dengandemikian sangat penting mengetahui profil PCK mahasiswa calon gurubiologi. Partisipan adalah mahasiswa biologi Program Studi PendidikanBiologi semester VI sejumlah 32 orang. Diketahui profil PCK mahasiswacalon guru biologi di level Growing PCK yaitu sudah dapat memperlihatkanintegrasi antara konten dan pedagogi sesuai dengan kurikulum dan dapatmelakukan assesmen namun kesemuanya belum fleksibel dan rasional. LevelGrowing PCK sebesar 65,13% , Pra PCK masih sebesar 28,13%, dan hanya6,25% sudah mencapai level Maturing PCK.Kata Kunci : calon guru biologi, PCK (Pedagogical Content Knowledge)
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN KONTEKSTUAL MATERI SISTEM GERAK PADA MANUSIA
Authors: Widayaningsih Wahyu
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTProblems which were raised in this research are the low students’ activity and their poor achievements during the teaching and learning process, especially in human movement system topic. Hence, the researcher implemented contextual approach with group discussion to stimulate students’ active activity and improve their scores. This study utilized classroom action research in which there were four steps for each cycle, namely planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. Data were divided into two, primary (researcher’s action) and secondary (documentation). Those data were collected through interview, students’ worksheets, teacher’s observation and written test. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the students’ activity from cycle 1 to 3 respectively are 71.88 %, 84.38 %, and 90.62 %; meanwhile the average scores of students’ achievement are 55.31; 69.55; and 79.38 respectively. It can be concluded that by implementing contextual approach with group discussion, students’ activity and achievements during teaching and learning the human movement system topic are improved. Keywords: contextual learning, human movement system, student’s achievement, students‘ activity ABSTRAKPermasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah rendahnya keaktifan dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi sistem gerak pada manusia, sehingga peneliti menerapkan pendekatan kontekstual dengan diskusi kelompok untuk merangsang siswa lebih aktif dan hasil belajar siswa lebih meningkat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dimana setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini meliputi data primer yaitu peneliti yang melakukan tindakan dan siswa yang menerima tindakan dan sumber data sekunder yang berupa data dokumentasi. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, lembar aktivitas siswa, observasi kinerja guru dan tes tertulis. Teknik analisis yang digunakan yaitu metode analisis deskriptif. Hasil ditunjukkan dengan persentase keaktifan siswa; hasil siklus 1, 2 dan 3 berturut-turut adalah 71,88 %, 84,38 %, dan 90,62 %. Sedangkan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa hasil siklus 1,2 dan 3 berturut-turut 55,31; 69,55; dan 79,38. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, disimpulkan bahwa dengan menerapkan pembelajaran kontekstual dengan diskusi kelompok, keaktifan siswa dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi sistem gerak pada manusia meningkat. Kata kunci:  pembelajaran kontekstual, sistem gerak pada manusia, hasil belajar siswa, keaktifan siswa