bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on Heroic Narrative and Symbolism in Persona 3 -Hero's Journey 12-step Theory-
Authors:   Society of culture convergence, Ryou Kyoungmin
Published: January 2024

Artistic elements included in games include graphics, artwork, background music, sound effects, and storytelling. However, in the study of the artistry of games, the research on the story of the game is less advanced than the research on graphics and sound. Based on the game's popularity, Persona 3, a game selected as a research subject, was actively mixed with media such as comic books, novels, animations, and musicals. As a result of the study, the main character of Persona 3 showed a track that corresponds to the hero's journey function suggested by Christoper Vogler, and the symbolism of the main character was also arranged through the main character's persona, which served as a tool to assist the main character's narrative. The games analyzed in this study were commercially successful, and games with active media mix were analyzed, but this result cannot be generalized by analyzing only one game, and the validity of this analysis is also affected by failed games to which this analysis is not applied. analysis will also have to be done together.
Rekayasa Pantun dalam Seni Beretorika Dakwah: Pendampingan Menuju Kejayaan Lomba Porseni Kemenag Kecamatan Salaman Bagi Siswa MIS Tarbiyatussibyan 2 Sidosari
Authors: Setyorini Nurul , Pratiwi Rizqitaningsih
Published: January 2024

Pengabdian masyarakat ini memiliki tujuan yang jelas, yaitu memberikan pendampingan dalam seni beretorika, terutama rekayasa pantun, kepada siswa MIS Tarbiyatussibyan 2 Sidosari untuk persiapan lomba Porseni Kemenag Kecamatan Salaman. Dalam rentang waktu 1-31 Agustus 2023, kegiatan Pemberdayaan dan Pengembangan Masyarakat (PPM) telah dilaksanakan dengan fokus pada pendampingan siswa dalam menghadapi Lomba Porseni tingkat Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) yang diawasi oleh Kementerian Agama Kecamatan Salaman. Melalui pelatihan intensif, bimbingan materi lomba, dan monitoring berkala, pengabdian ini bertujuan mengembangkan potensi siswa, memperkuat nilai-nilai keagamaan, serta meningkatkan partisipasi dalam kompetisi. Ini diharapkan akan memberikan dampak positif dalam karakter siswa, kemajuan akademik, serta peran MIS Tarbiyatussibyan 2 Sidosari dalam pendidikan dan dakwah Masyarakat. Hasil pengabdian Masyarakat menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan siswa dalam beretorika dakwah dengan merekayasa pantun sebagai media puisi lama dalam beretorika dakwah.
Edukasi Pengaruh Screen-Time Terhadap Postur pada Anak dan Orang Tua di MI Muhammadiyah Gonilan
Authors: Pristianto Arif , Hanifah Zahrani Bakhita , Amithya Farita Adhynda , Haryanto Arini Ishmah Rose , Basyasyah Fairuz Salsabila , Naufal Fitri Aulia 
Published: January 2024

Gadget pada masa ini telah menjadi bagian dari kehidupan yang sulit dipisahkan dari aktivitas sehari-hari. Tidak hanya orang dewasa, namun anak-anak sekarang ini sering dijumpai sebagai pengguna aktif gadget. Penggunaan gadget pada murid kelas 5 di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhammadiyah Gonilan rata-rata lebih dari yang dianjurkan WHO yaitu <2 jam. Tak jarang anak-anak ketika menggunakan gadget lebih sering dalam posisi membungkuk. Dampak yang ditimbulkan ketika menggunakan gadget secara berlebihan terlebih dalam posisi membungkuk yaitu timbulnya nyeri pada leher dan pada punggung bawah. Jika tidak ada upaya lebih lanjut dapat menyebabkan postur tubuh anak menjadi buruk. Tujuan adanya kegiatan ini guna mengedukasi pengaruh screen-time, efek  yang ditimbulkan dari postur yang salah ketika menggunakan gadget, postur yang benar saat menggunakan gadget, dan McKenzie exercise yang dapat digunakan ketika nyeri pada leher dan punggung bawah. Metode yang digunakan pada pelaksanaan kegiatan ini dengan menggunakan leaflet sebagai media edukasi yang disampaikan melalui lisan dan mendemonstrasi gerakan McKenzie exercise. Untuk menilai pemahaman dan pengetahuan anak sebelum penyampaian materi diadakan pre-test dan setelah penyampaian materi diadakan post-test. Hasil data menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 62,5% anak menggunakan gadget belum sesuai dengan anjuran dari WHO yaitu <2jam. Dari hasil data dapat diketahui bahwa pengetahuan siswa-siswi sebesar 75% sebelum pemberian edukasi dan 95% setelah pemberian edukasi.
Pelatihan Akuaponik Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Masyarakat Dusun III Sri Pengantin Kecamatan STL Ulu Terawas
Authors: Lestari Fitria , Febrianti Yuli , Nopriyeni Nopriyeni , Pratama Frengky Alexander , Andriansah Agus , Wijaya Gusti Aldo
Published: January 2024

Dusun III Sri Pengantin terletak di Kecamatan STL Ulu Terawas dan terpisah dari desa lainnya dikarenakan akses menuju ke lokasi harus menggunakan “ketek” selama 45 menit hingga 1 jam. Selain akses yang sulit, hal ini diperparah dengan fasilitas yang minim termasuk tidak ada sumber listrik, pendidikan yang rendah, dan hal ini berdampak pada kurangnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam mengolah sumber daya alam yang ada. Padahal, dusun ini memiliki potensi yang melimpah, seperti air, pekarang, dan juga tanaman. Oleh karena itu, salah satu solusinya adalah dengan memberikan pelatihan akuaponik kepada masyarakat dusun III Sri Pengantin. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan sosialisasi, pelatihan akuaponik, dan juga monitoring secara berkala. Hasil dari pelatihan ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan keterampilan masyarakat dusun III Sri Pengantin dari 35% menjadi 93%. Kesimpulannya adalah potensi sumber daya alam yang dimiliki haruslah seimbang dengan keterampilan yang dimiliki, sehingga dapat menjadi nilai ekonomi nantinya.
Asesmen Pembelajaran IPAS Berbasis Kecakapan Abad Ke-21 Guru-Guru SMP/MTs
Authors: Sarwi Sarwi , Wardani Sri , Zulaeha Ida , Handoyo Eko , Prasojo Bayu Tri , Mukhoiriyah Ainin Trifilia , Tiara Yeti , Nurhayati Hermin
Published: January 2024

Pada abad 21 ini, guru dituntut dapat menerapkan Kurikulum 2013 revisi dan Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar, termasuk menyusun asesmen kompetensi berbasis kecakapan abad-21 khusus 4 C’s.  Guru masih mengalami kesulitan dalam menyusun instrumen asesmen yang mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis, keterampilan elaborasi, dan pemecahan masalah. Metode penelitian survey kuantitatif dengan dengan desain expost-facto, dengan tujuan mengungkap tanggapan dan kemampuan  umum guru SMP/MTs dalam menyusun asesmen pembelajaran IPAS berbasis kecakapan abad ke-21. Subjek penelitian adalah 30 guru IPAS SMP/MTs di Kota Semarang teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen pengumpulan data adalah kuesioner, tes, dan proyek. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji N-Gain, deskriptif persentase, dan analisis kualitatif.  Hasil penelitian: 1) tanggapan responden sangat baik mencapai 99% dari peserta, dan 2) peningkatan pemahaman umum responden terhadap materi dengan N-Gain sebesar 0,67 (skala 0-1) dan 3) penguasaan membuat asesmen berbentuk proyek 82 (skala 0-100) kategori baik. Simpulan adalah peningkatan pemahaman guru cukup dan penguasaan bentuk proyek  dalam kategori baik.
Peningkatan Efektifitas Pencatatan Tagihan Air PAMDes Pacet, Mojokerto Melalui Teknologi Tepat Guna
Authors: Roziqin Mohamad Firzon Ainur , Aruna Alby , Izza Jasmine Nurul , Surya Eka Putri
Published: January 2024

Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) adalah kategori badan usaha yang dilingkupi oleh instansi Pemerintah Desa (PEMDes) sebagai penunjang Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) pemerintah setempat. BUMDes Desa Pacet, Kecamatan Pacet, Kabupaten Mojokerto adalah kategori BUMNDes yang memiliki cabang usaha Pengelolaan Air Minum Desa (PAMDes). Saat ini, PAMDes Pacet, Kabupaten Mojokerto memiliki 445 data pengguna yang tercatat. Berdasarkan analisis yang sudah dilakukan tim kepada masyarakat BUMDes Pacet mendapatkan adanya keefisiensinan unggah tagihan pelanggan bagi petugas yang masih ditulis secara manual (based paper), dan jauh dari kata efektif. Penggunaan teknologi tepat guna ini menerapkan metode ABCD (Asset Based Community Development) beserta bukti penggunaan efektifitas proses  yang dapat mengembangkan penerapatan pencatatan tagihan air minum desa supaya bisa lebih efektif dan efisien dengan skala rentang 240 detik dengan maksimal 1078 detik, dalam rentang waktu 637 detik sebelum alat teknologi tepat guna diterapkan. Sementara itu, waktu yang diperlukan untuk melaksanakan pencatatan tagihan PEMDesa setelah adanya alat minimal yang dilaksanakan pada batas waktu yaitu 635 detik. Sedangkan untuk melakukan pencatatan tagihan PAMDes setelah adanya alat minimal dibutuhkan waktu kurang lebih minimal 90 detik dan maksimal 245 detik, sehingga waktu yang digunakan saat pencatatan pengguna turun menjadi 165 detik.
EVALUACIÓN DEL TALENTO HUMANO Y DE LA CALIDAD DE PRESCRIPCIÓN POR UNA POBLACIÓN MÉDICA
Authors: Bisso Andrade Aland
Published: January 2024

Introducción. En la actualidad, los médicos cuentan con amplio acceso a la información científica a través de Internet. El objetivo principal de la presente investigación fue establecer la influencia de la evaluación del talento humano en la calidad de prescripción de un grupo de profesionales médicos. Materialy métodos. Se utilizó un diseño metodológico de tipo aplicado y de nivel explicativo. Se realizó una encuesta a 100 médicos de diversas especialidades y se analizaron 100 recetas. Las encuestas evaluaron variables de conocimientos, habilidades y actitud de la población estudiada, y en las recetas se evaluaron diversas variables de calidad. Los médicos participantes trabajaban en la Clínica Delgado de Lima. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron que más del 90% de los médicos consultan normas y manuales de buenas prácticas de prescripción, tienen acceso a bases de datos de información médica por Internet, buscan información de medicina basada en evidencia y tienen una buena comunicación con el paciente. El análisis bivariado encontró que las variables “Consulta del Manual de buenas prácticas de prescripción” y “Búsqueda de información según medicina basada en evidencia” encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p = 0,04 y p = 0,007, respectivamente), para las variables de calidad de receta. La comprobación de hipótesis se realizó mediante la prueba Ρ de Spearman por tratarse de variables cualitativas. Conclusiones. Se encontró una relación significativa entre el nivel del talento humano de la población médica estudiada y la calidad de prescripción de la receta médica.Palabras clave. Talento humano, Internet, información médica, normas técnicas, receta, calidad de prescripción.
ANÁLISIS RETROSPECTIVO DE LAS PRESCRIPCIONES DE NUTRICIÓN PARENTERAL EN UN HOSPITAL DE AGUDOS DE LA PROVINCIA DE BUENOS AIRES
Authors: Orellana Estefanía
Published: January 2024

Introducción. La nutrición parenteral (NP) puede ser segura y efectiva en la restauración y/o mantenimiento del estado nutricional en pacientes que no deben recibir alimentos por vía oral o enteral. Es una terapia compleja y su uso inadecuado puede asociarse a complicaciones severas. Objetivo. Describir y analizar la prescripción de la NP en un hospital de agudos durante los últimos cuatro años. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional, analítico y retrospectivo. Se incluyeron todas las prescripciones de NP de los pacientes internados por cualquier causa. Resultados. Se obtuvieron datos de 44 pacientes. Al analizar la adecuación de la prescripción al cumplir con los criterios establecidos, se encontraron 20 prescripciones correctas y 24 incorrectas. De las prescripciones incorrectas, en la mayoría (58,3%) se indicó el inicio de NP en pacientes con sistema digestivo funcionante. Un 33,3% de las prescripciones incorrectas se indicó en pacientes en mal estado general con inotrópicos en ascenso. El 8,4% restante tuvo indicación de NP por menos de siete días. Casi la mitad de los pacientes(47,7%) que iniciaron NP fueron derivados a interconsulta y estuvieron en seguimiento por el comité de soporte nutricional del hospital. De estos, la mayoría (85,7%) tuvo una indicación correcta. De los 24 pacientes con indicación incorrecta, sólo tres pacientes fueron derivados a interconsulta con el equipo de soporte nutricional. Conclusiones. Los pacientes con indicación correcta han sido en su mayoría aquellos seleccionados y mantuvieron un seguimiento por el equipo interdisciplinario de soporte nutricional. La complejidad de esta terapia hace necesaria la implementación de protocolosde intervención para continuar mejorando.Palabras clave. Nutrición parenteral, soporte nutricional, equipo interdisciplinario, nutrición.
Peran Hukum Tata Ruang dalam Pembangunan Berkelanjutan: Perspektif Pemikiran Hukum
Authors: Kent Adytia Kusnanto
Published: January 2024

Sustainable development has become a global priority in achieving economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable living. Spatial planning law plays a crucial role in regulating land use, spatial development, and environmental protection. In sustainable development, spatial planning law plays an important role in safeguarding natural resources, ensuring efficient land use, and integrating environmental aspects into spatial planning. This study adopts a descriptive approach by gathering data from various academic literature. In the context of modern legal thinking, spatial planning law has a strategic role in integrating the principles of sustainable development into tangible actions in spatial management and regional development.

Abstrak

Pembangunan berkelanjutan menjadi salah satu prioritas global dalam mencapai kehidupan yang berkelanjutan secara ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan. Hukum tata ruang memainkan peran krusial dalam mengatur penggunaan lahan, pengembangan ruang, dan perlindungan lingkungan. Dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan, hukum tata ruang memiliki peran penting dalam melindungi sumber daya alam, memastikan penggunaan lahan yang efisien, dan mengintegrasikan aspek lingkungan dalam perencanaan ruang. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dengan mengumpulkan data dari berbagai literatur akademik. Dalam konteks pemikiran hukum modern, hukum tata ruang memiliki peran strategis dalam mengintegrasikan prinsip-prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan ke dalam tindakan nyata dalam pengelolaan ruang dan pengembangan wilayah.

Kata kunci : tata ruang, pembangunan berkelanjutan, perspektif hukum
A szünidei gyermekétkeztetés társadalmi beágyazottsága a rászorultság és az érdemesség diskurzusai alapján
Authors: Husz Ildikó
Published: January 2024

The study examines the holiday meals provision for children and shows how it is embedded in society. Proper nutrition for children is very important for their physical and cognitive development. However, international research shows that children’s social and cultural backgrounds signiﬁcantly inﬂuence their nutrition. To reduce these disparities and achieve healthy eating for all children, eﬀective government intervention is needed. In Hungary, school canteens and free meals during school holidays for children in need serve this purpose. The latter service is of great importance for the children of families aﬀected by food poverty. Yet, statistics show that some of these children are unable to use the service. This study examines the period before 2016 and highlights the social embeddedness of the service and its consequences on the provision. Whether child food poverty is perceived as a social issue and a common cause generating community intervention largely depends on the correct problem perception of the local actor, the local ap- praisal of need, and the consideration of parents’ ‘deservingness’. The study also makes some suggestions on areas where further interventions should focus in order to improve the nutrition of children aﬀected by food poverty.
Választhatunk-e étlapot? Menzai étlapok, iskolai menük, a gyermek- közétkeztetés lenyomatai az interneten innen és túl
Authors: Bereczki Ibolya
Published: January 2024

From among the sources on school catering, the study chose menus as the subject of its analysis, focusing on menus in several time periods, including the most recent menus available on the Internet for April 2022. The investigation carried out in the framework of NKFIH research No.128925, called The social embeddedness of children’s public catering. Issues and opportunities, also chose this topic in light of the impact of the 2020–2021 coronavirus pandemic, taking into consideration the framework and impact of the development of diets, raw materials, quantities, kitchen technologies, and ﬂavoring as set out by the 2011 guidelines and then the 2014 legislation. In addition to the menus available on the Internet, it was also possible to get a glimpse of the organizational operation of school catering on the example of the settlement of Alsónémedi. In the case of two schools in Budapest, I analyzed an eight-week menu from 2013 consisting of three meals a day, and for the 2022–2023 school year, a menu also consismeals a day (breakfast, lunch, afternoon snack), reviewing 154 days for the main meals and 39 days for the two snacks. The experiences indicate the most important processes deﬁned in the legislation that aﬀect healthy nutrition, whereas, in the case of other menus available on the Internet but not included in the analysis at this time, the information primarily aimed at parents – which could help in expanding and planning a variety of meals at home – is not comprehensive, and often minimal. At the same time, my most recent and mainly rural experiences show that printed menus, at least for the given calendar week, can be found at public catering locations and/or schools in places accessible to parents. The purpose of this analysis did not cover the monitoring of daily deviations from the menu that became necessary in practice or the increase in food prices in the most recent period. The personal opinions of those involved in public catering on designing the menus could be the subject of a subsequent analysis.
Hogyan látják az élelmezésvezetők az iskolai közétkeztetést? Kerekasztal-beszélgetés kvalitatív tartalomelemzése a menzáról
Authors: Kiss Anna , Pfeiffer Laura , Dominek-Hajdu Zsóﬁa , Soós Sándor , Tompa Orsolya
Published: January 2024

Children are a vulnerable group in terms of obesity, nearly 20% of Hungarian kindergarten and school-aged children are overweight or obese. School catering plays a decisive role in shaping the nutritional behavior of children. To support the prevention of obesity and to increase the quality of children’s diets, the provisions for school catering were included in legislation in 2014. This work aims to provide a qualitative content analysis of the round table discussion about the school catering system at an interdisciplinary conference aiming at the identiﬁcation of the most important messages about school meals conveyed in the discussion. During the qualitative analysis of the round table discussion, seven main categories emerged: factors supporting the acceptance implementation of public catering, factors inhibiting the acceptance/implementation of public catering, everyday problems in the implementation of public catering, the task of caterers and public catering, the transformation of public catering, the cooperation of parties interested in public catering, factors helping children to cooperate. The co-occurrence network of subcategories and values breaks down into one large component and several separate, small components. Thus, it can be concluded that the majority of sub-themes and values are grouped into a coherent system. The results point to the outstanding role of school catering in healthy nutrition and nutrition education and the importance of close cooperation between parties interested in school catering to promote the social acceptance of catering and the prevention of childhood obesity.
Hukum dan Teknologi Informasi
Authors: Zuhrah
Published: January 2024

Artikel ini menganalisis terkait hubungan hukum dan teknologi informasi. Dalam artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengupas bagaimana sistem hukum di Indonesia; hubungan antara hukum dan perkembangan teknologi informasi; kedudukan dan peran hukum dan pertumbuhan teknologi informasi; perbuatan melawan hukum dalam lingkup teknologi informasi; dan problematika yuridis pengaturan hukum Informasi dan teknologi di Indonesia. Perkembangan hukum di Indonesia terbilang cukup lambat menimbulkan banyaknya problematika yuridis terkait regulasi yang mengatur teknologi informasi. Pertumbuhan teknologi yang begitu cepat tak dapat dihindari sehingga memerlukan penyesuaian yang cepat dan tepat dalam mengatasi kekosongan hukum (vacuum recht). Hukum memang menjadi instrument penting dalam pencegahan dan penanggulangan kejahatan. Akan tetapi, untuk membuat suatu ketentuan hukum terhadap bidang hukum yang berubah sangat cepat, seperti teknologi informasi ini bukanlah hal yang mudah. Disinilah seringkali hukum (peraturan) tampak cepat menjadi using manakala mengatur bidang yang mengalami perubahan yang cepat. Beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia mengatur tentang aspek Hukum Teknologi Informasi dan komunikasi, yang saat ini sentralistis berpusat pada Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Fokus materi muatan dan Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik pada umunya berkelindan pada aspek hukum publik, misalnya diakomodasinya bidang hukum pidana yang merupakan transformasi pengaturan tindak pidana tradisonal yang memanfaatkan Teknologi informasi dan Komunikasi. Teknologi informasi juga sudah merupakan kebutuhan umum bagi masyarakat saat ini yang tidak bisa terelakan, oleh karena itu diperlukan penguatan dan regulasi serta pelaksanaan yang baik dan tepat dalam menghadapi perkembangan dan kemajuan teknologi informasi saat ini.
Hukum Akad Nikah Daring Pada Masa Covid-19: Perbandingan Perspektif Hukum Islam Dan Hukum Nasional
Authors: Nurfatihah  , Juhriati  , Ahmad
Published: January 2024

Pelaksanaan akad nikah pada masa menyebarnya wabah covid 19 mendapatkan tantangan yang menyebabkan munculnya beberapa perspektif hukum. Adanya pembatasan social menyebabkan aktivitas berkumpul dilarang keras oleh pemeritah. Tidak terkecuali aktivitas berkumpul pada acara pernikahan. Hukum akad nikah daring pada masa covid-19 dalam perspektif hukum Islam Menurut Mazhab Syafi’i dan Hambali terhadap akad nikah daring, jika suami atau wali tidak berada disatu majlis (kumpulan banyak orang dalam satu tempat), maka harus mewakilkan pernikahan kepada orang yang dinilai memenuhi syarat untuk menjadi wakil wali dalam pernikahan, begitu juga dengan dua orang saksi tetap berada dalam majelis. Salah satu syarat penting dalam suatu akad pernikahan adalah adanya kesinambungan (Muttashil) antara ijab dan qabul. Menurut Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal Akad nikah dinyatakan sah apabila memenuhi dua rukun yaitu ijab qabul, serta syarat-syaratnya telah dipenuhi, Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal menginterprestasikan (kesimpulan pandangan seseorang terhadap sesuatu) satu majelis dalam arti non fisik (dapat dilihat bukan dari bentuknya) bukan masalah tempat.
Changement de paradigmes catéchétiques en Afrique. Les tâches d’une catéchèse de la vie
Authors:   Docteur en Théologie, BIDUAYA BADIUNDE M. Victor
Published: January 2024

Résumé Une catéchèse tronquée et notionnelle a souvent été présentée comme cause de la non-intégration de la foi chrétienne en Afrique. Elle expliquerait ainsi le décalage qui affecte l’expérience de la foi. Pour nous, ce décalage ne peut s’expliquer simplement par des causes conjoncturelles. Il peut aussi être le visage de la liberté humaine et, en partie, structurel, c’est-à-dire dû à la spécificité pascale du christianisme. Il constitue, toutefois, un défi face auquel une démarche d’éducation et d’approfondissement de la foi des personnes et des communautés, selon les perspectives de la « vie abondante » (Jn 10, 10), est vitale pour la crédibilité et l’avenir du christianisme en Afrique.
La formation des managers et la conception du travail dans les traditions de l’Afrique centrale
Authors:   Université Catholique du Congo, MAKUNZA KEKE Edgard
Published: January 2024

Résumé Dans toute organisation, obtenir l’adhésion des travailleurs à ses objectifs et à ses valeurs est plus que nécessaire. Une des forces de l’Afrique serait de faire adhérer le personnel de l’organisation à des valeurs communes pour que ce personnel soit constitué de travailleurs relativement homogènes où les consensus seront plus faciles à obtenir. La convivialité omniprésente, qui ferait de chaque réunion une fête et de chaque personne une partie du «Tout », serait propice au travail en commun.
The Role Of The Brooke Rajahs: Promoting The Natural History Of Sarawak
Authors: Earl of Cranbrook Gathorne
Published: January 2024

From 1842 until 1946, three members of the English family Brooke governed the State of Sarawak in succession: Rajah Sir James Brooke (from 1842 until his death in 1868), his nephew Rajah Sir Charles Brooke (1868 – 1917), and his son His Highness Rajah Sir C. Vyner Brooke (1917 – 1946). None of these men, nor the wives of the latter two (Ranee Margaret, and Ranee Sylvia, respectively) personally studied the Natural History of Sarawak, but each of the three Rajahs created opportunities for others to investigate and record the rich natural resources of the State. In 1838, although drawn by the opportunity for profit from trade in the rich and accessible deposit of antimony ore (stibnite) in the Sarawak river, James Brooke’s first act on landing at Santubong was to hunt a local pigeon and wild pigs. Once securely installed as Rajah, he engaged specialists to investigate the geology, natural resources and indigenous population of his territory. In 1853-54, he invited the naturalist collector Alfred R. Wallace to start his exploration of the ‘Malay Archipelago’ at Sarawak. During his stay, Wallace benefited from Rajah Brooke’s hospitality at Santubong (where he wrote his first paper on speciation: ‘the Sarawak Law’), and at Peninjau (where he made fabulous collections of night-flying moths). Wallace also sold specimens of orangutans to British museums. In 1865, after Rajah James had retired to England, as acting Head of Government, Charles Brooke welcomed the Italian collectors, Giacomo Doria and Edoardo Beccari. Doria did not stay long, but Beccari established himself at a favourable spot on the hillside of Mt Matang. Beccari recorded his travels and discoveries in an Italian publication Nelle Foreste di Borneo; Ranee Margaret later promoted an English translation, for which she provided photographs.
Second Language Learning for Sustainable Development: Barriers for Learners in Rural Communities
Authors: Mwamakula Amani G. , Magashi Shingwa
Published: January 2024

Learning of second language for sustainable development is defined as learning language that changes skills, knowledge, values and attitudes to build more sustainable and just societies for all (UN 2015: UNESCO 2017). It would not be preposterous to opine that language and communication play a paramount role in the quest for development, be it human, social, political, technological and any other form of development. Looking in Tanzania as a country, the plurality of ethnic languages through information flows, undoubtedly constitutes a barrier to effective human development processes.  It draws on data from students in rural communities in one of the ward secondary schools in Tanzania. The study specifically sought to find out the type of pronunciation errors that students frequently commit and teachers views on how pronunciation errors can be addressed. Transfer of Learning Theory by Thorndike (1923) and Contrastive Analysis Theory by Charles Fries (1945) informed the collection and analysis of the qualitative data. Thus, data were collected through interviews with teachers and students and pronunciation tests administered through a wordlist and analyzed qualitatively. Seven teachers in three ward secondary schools and 35 students were involved. The findings of the study revealed that mispronunciation of English words was due to the difference in sounds between student’s mother tongue and English language. Moreover, the findings revealed that students lacked linguistic exposure as most of them meet English at school and constantly use Kiswahili and mother tongues at home. Therefore, teachers become the chief language input providers. The study recommends that teachers should take note of these differences in sounds and limited exposure to English language when designing and implementing lessons in classrooms since they are the main language input providers.
Contribution of External Quality Assurance in Improving Instructional Practices among Heads of Schools and Teachers in Secondary Schools in Zanzibar
Authors: Kassim Khadija Said , Matete Rose Ephraim
Published: January 2024

In this study, we explored the contribution of External School Quality Assurance (ESQA) towards the improvement of instructional practices among Heads of Schools (HoSs) and teachers in secondary schools in Zanzibar. A mixed-methods research approach coupled with a convergent parallel design was employed to generate data. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to get the study participants. Data were collected from the Kaskazini Region in Unguja. The study involved 167 teachers, 12 HoSs, 1 REO, 2 DEO, and 11 ESQ assurers. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and documentary review and analyzed through content analysis and bar charts. The findings indicate that although ESQA has a great contribution to the improvement of instructional practices, classroom observation was not effectively carried out by ESQ assurers. The findings also indicate that ESQ assurers created fear and tension among teachers because teachers knew that their work performance was to be reported to higher authority. The findings indicate further that there were irregular school visits which hindered the HoSs' and teachers’ effective improvement of instructional practices. The key argument in this study is that the current ESQA is ineffective in enhancing instructional practices in secondary schools. For ESQA to contribute to the improvement of instructional practices among HoSs and teachers, ESQ assurers need to concentrate on classroom observation. The government needs to support the ESQA with both human and financial resources and training programmes for the ESQ assurers are equally imperative for effective monitoring of the quality of education in secondary schools.
Student Teachers’ Involvement in Internal Quality Assurance Processes and its Impact on 21st Century Skills in Tanzania Teacher Colleges
Authors: Shahanga Geofrey , Ogondiek Mary , Kigobe Janeth
Published: January 2024

The study sought to evaluate the impact of student teachers’ involvement in Teacher Colleges’ quality assurance processes on 21st century skills in Tanzania. The study was guided by students’ involvement theory.  The main was pragmatism paradigm and students’ involvement was adopted as a theoretical framework. Data were gathered through questionnaires and interviews. Results were presented in mean, standard deviation, and inferential statistic measures. The participants felt crucial for student teachers to be adequately involved in all the six quality assurance domains.  This involvement positively and significantly predicted the development of the most of 21st century skills.  The study concludes that urgent need to involve student teachers in internal quality assurance processes is an inevitable attempt for the development of 21st century skills required for their teaching profession. Other researchers may develop a scale to measure the 21st century skills among student teachers in Tanzanian context.
Assessment of family relationships by mothers raising children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Świerczyńska Justyna Cecylia , Pawłowska Beata , Chojnowska- Ćwiąkała Izabela , Mosio Damian
Published: January 2024

Cel / przedmiot

Celem pracy bała analiza zależności między oceną relacji w rodzinie a pozytywną orientacją życiową, negatywną emocjonalnością i zahamowaniem społecznym, poziomem wypalenia się sił, poczuciem wsparcia społecznego oraz odpornością psychiczną matek wychowujących dzieci z ASD.

Metody i/lub materiały

W pracy zastosowano: ankietę, na podstawie której zebrano dane socjodemograficzne oraz informacje dotyczące relacji w rodzinie badanych kobiet, Skalę P, aut. G. Caprara, Skalę DS-14, aut. N. Ogińskiej-Bulik, Z. Juczyńskiego i J. Denollet, Skalę Wypalenia się Sił, aut. W. Okły i S. Steuden, Skalę Wsparcia Społecznego aut. K. Kmiecik-Baran oraz Skalę Pomiaru Prężności Psychicznej, aut. N. Ogińskiej-Bulik i Z. Juczyńskiego.

Wyniki i/lub wnioski

Ponad 91% badanych matek oceniało swoje relacje w rodzinie jako złe. Wyniki informują występowaniu zależności między negatywną oceną relacji w rodzinie przez badane kobiety a: nasiloną tendencją do doświadczania negatywnych emocji, trudnościami w dostrzeganiu pozytywnych aspektów życia, rezygnacją z realizacji życiowych celów i dążeń, niską satysfakcją z życia, utratą podmiotowego zaangażowania, obniżeniem efektywności działania i kontroli emocjonalnej, zawężeniem kontaktów interpersonalnych oraz nasilonym zmęczeniem fizycznym. Zależności ujawniono również między negatywną oceną relacji w rodzinie przez badane matki a niską odpornością (prężnością) psychiczną i jej wskaźnikami: niskimi kompetencjami osobistymi, niską tolerancją negatywnych emocji oraz niepowodzeń, pesymistycznym nastawieniem do życia i brakiem zdolności mobilizowania się do konstruktywnego radzenia sobie w trudnych sytuacjach. Pozytywnie oceniają relacje w rodzinie kobiety, które czują się kompletne, traktują życie jako wyzwanie, mają wysoką tolerancję i odporność psychiczną na niepowodzenia i negatywne emocje, formułują życiowe cele i wierzą w możliwość ich realizacji, potrafią dostrzegać pozytywne aspekty życia.
Fetal Outcome in Women of Pre-Eclampsia
Authors: Naz Mona Kanwal , Yousaf Rubina Tazayyen , Shaikh Aneela Gul , Khattak Sania Nausheen , Hassan Sajida , Sumayya
Published: January 2024

Background: Pre-eclampsia, a serious condition characterized by high blood pressure in pregnant women, presents significant health risks for both the mother and fetus. This study aimed to assess the impact of pre-eclampsia on fetal outcomes in the Pakistani population, recognizing the condition's high prevalence and its role in maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Objective: To evaluate the fetal outcome in women with pre-eclampsia in the Pakistani population.
Methods: This descriptive case series was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College of Medicine and Dentistry Lahore, from January to June 2023. A total of 93 patients were enrolled to study the effects of pre-eclampsia on mothers and fetuses.
Results: Among the 93 patients, the mean age was 37.59±6.37 years. The age distribution predominantly included women aged 31-35 years, followed by those in the 36-40 and 41-45 age groups. Severe pre-eclampsia was observed in 69.9% of patients, while 30.1% had mild pre-eclampsia. The fetal outcomes were as follows: 65.5% good, 12.9% stillbirth, and 21.5% neonatal death, with an insignificant P-value.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the high prevalence of pre-eclampsia in the community is alarming, significantly increasing the risk of adverse outcomes for infant health and well-being. There is a critical need to educate women about the signs and symptoms of pre-eclampsia.
Analyzing and Investigating the Legal Aspects of Green Policy
Authors: Novianti Dwi
Published: January 2024

The legal dimensions of green policy are crucial in propelling tangible transformation towards sustainable development. Gaining insights from other viewpoints, including those from the public, commercial, administrative, and international sectors, can facilitate the development and execution of policies that are both effective and comprehensive. Green policy is incorporated into the environmental legal system from a public law standpoint, with the aim of ensuring justice and safeguarding the environment against harm. Private law serves as a strong defense for the human rights of residents to reside in a clean and safe environment, achieved through the use of legal agreements and legal actions. From an administrative law perspective, green policy is regarded as a mechanism that governs and oversees government actions, ensuring their alignment with ecologically sustainable ideals. Indonesia must fulfill its commitments in global agreements such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement, which also possess legal standing at the international level.
Construction of the Paradigm of Islamic Universality in Maḥmūd Shaltūt's Taqrīb Madhāhib Project
Authors: Zainal Fanani
Published: January 2024

This paper will discuss the universality of Islam in the thought of Maḥmūd Shaltūt. The universality of Islam is an essential topic amid a crisis in the meaning of Islam due to violent conflicts that are often in the name of Islam. As a result, Islam, which is known to have a vision of raḥmatan li al-‘ālamīn, is perceived as a religion that legalizes violence for the sake of group interests. Maḥmūd Shaltūt is a moderate figure who tries to define Islam in a universal, moderate, and tolerant manner. This paper will explain Maḥmūd Shaltūt's biography based on a literature study. Then, it is directed to explain Islam in the distinction between the meaning of Aqidah and Sharia, followed by explaining the construction of the paradigm of Islamic universality through Mahmud Maḥmūd Shaltūt's interpretation of the word Islam in the Qur’an. The final part will review the implementation of Maḥmūd Shaltūt's paradigm of Islamic universality in the discourse of taqrīb madhāhib. This paper finds that (1) the crisis in the interpretation of Islam begins with the issue of the distinction between the meaning of aqidah and sharia. (2) in Maḥmūd Shaltūt's thought, Islam's universality comes from the Qur’an's universality. (3) the universality of Islam explored through the interpretation of the Qur’an led Maḥmūd Shaltūt to an understanding of Islam in the theological and sociological realms. Based on the paradigm of Islamic universality, Maḥmūd Shaltūt implemented the principle of Islamic universality in the discourse of taqrīb bayna madhāhib.
Exploring the Wisdom of Da'wah: Character Building Akhlaq al-Karīmah Santri Pesantren Al Kahfi Bangkalan, Indonesia
Authors: Khoiron Alvin
Published: January 2024

This research aims to investigate the critical role of Pondok Pesantren Al Kahfi (PP Al Kahfi) in shaping the character of akhlaq al-karīmah students. Moral character, which includes commendable traits such as kindness, patience, sincerity, and integrity, is highly valued in Islam. This research method involves collecting data through interviews with leadership staff, boarding school administrators, and students. Field observations were conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the character-building process of akhlaq al-karīmah in this boarding school. The results showed that Pondok Pesantren Al Kahfi School has a variety of educational and da'wah programs designed to shape students' character by the principles of akhlaq al-karīmah. The teachers and administrators of the boarding school play an important role in providing good examples and educating students about the importance of akhlaq al-karīmah in daily life. This study concludes that Pondok Pesantren Al Kahfi has successfully carried out its role in shaping the character of students who are akhlaq al-karīmah through real education provided by boarding school administrators. These results can be the basis for a better understanding of how Pondok Pesantren plays a role in forming good character among students
Gestión Económica Empresarial: Estrategias para Optimizar Resultados Financieros: Business Economic Management: Strategies to Optimize Financial Results Financial Results
Authors: Morales Ramos Karla Estefanía , Gavilanes Carranza Evelyn Alexandra , Vacacela Pineda Juan Gabriel , Lara Haro Diego Marcelo
Published: January 2024

Es una obra imprescindible para empresarios, gerentes, y estudiantes de negocios que buscan profundizar en las dinámicas de la gestión financiera moderna. Este libro proporciona una visión integral de cómo las estrategias de gestión económica pueden ser aplicadas para mejorar la salud financiera y la rentabilidad de una empresa. Aborda temas clave como la planificación financiera, el análisis de riesgos, la toma de decisiones basada en datos, y la optimización de recursos, todo orientado hacia el objetivo de maximizar los resultados financieros. A través de una combinación de teoría sólida y estudios de caso prácticos, el libro ofrece una comprensión profunda de los principios de la gestión económica y cómo estos pueden ser aplicados en el mundo empresarial actual. Uno de los puntos fuertes de este libro es su enfoque pragmático. No solo presenta conceptos teóricos, sino que también proporciona herramientas y técnicas concretas que los lectores pueden aplicar en sus propias empresas. Esto lo hace valioso tanto para profesionales experimentados en busca de refinar sus habilidades, como para aquellos que recién comienzan su carrera en el mundo de los negocios.
FACTORS OF INTERFERENCE IN LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS: HEMOLYSIS, ICTERUS, LIPEMIA
Authors: Maksymyuk H. , Boykiv N. , Martianova O.
Published: January 2024

The accuracy of laboratory investigation results depends on various factors, including interfer- ence factors. Additionally, it is worth noting that a significant number of samples are photometrical- ly measured in the wavelength range of 350 to 600 nm, which corresponds to the absorption peak of many interferents.

In laboratories where the process of sample rejection is established based on serum indices (color scale) and specific cutoff points for samples showing hemolysis, icterus, and lipemia, the issuance of falsely elevated/decreased investigation results to the clinic is avoided. The declared criteria for sample rejection should comply with the recommendations of CLSI CA-56A and CLSI EP 07 standards.

The majority of errors in the preanalytical stage are caused by hemolysis. All hemolyzed sam- ples with a concentration of free hemoglobin equal to or greater than 10.0 g/L should be rejected, and the laboratory report should indicate the reason for rejection as "Hemolyzed sample. Resampling is required." Each laboratory establishes its own cutoff point for free hemoglobin, bili- rubin and triglicerol concentration in the sample. This is because an increase in hemolysis index in serum/plasma leads to falsely increased levels of certain analytes (such as inorganic phosphorus, potassium, folic acid, magnesium, iron, urea, LDH, AST, ALT). Conversely, the concentration of albumin, bilirubin, glucose, sodium, and chloride in such samples is falsely decreased. The presence of icterus in samples is always indicative of a pathological process. The elevation of bilirubin con- centration in the sample will be reflected in the increase/decrease of analytes such as creatinine, total protein, triglycerides, cholesterol, phosphorus, magnesium, urea, hormones (free triiodothyro-nine, testosterone, estradiol), and others. An increase in triglyceride and lipoprotein concentration in the sample significantly affects the levels of analytes such as phosphorus, creatinine, total protein and calcium.

The presence of hemolysis, icterus, and lipemia in samples affects the measurement of various analytes and, consequently, the results of laboratory investigations and patient safety. Laboratories should have a developed procedure for systematic identification of interfering agents and decision- making regarding the handling of such samples to ensure the reliability of obtained data.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE VERIFICATION OF CAUSES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN EMERGENCIES
Authors: Vynograd N .O. , Vasylyshyn Z. P. , Kozak L.P. , Vivchar I.S. , Baidalka I.D.
Published: January 2024

Emergency situations (ES) of various genesis are accompanied by a change in the epidemic state of the territory and population, which requires the timely detection of an infectious striking factors (pathogenic biological agents and toxins) and non-infectious agents. The laboratory network is an important component in the emergency response system, which allows determining the etiology of infectious and parasitic diseases, treating of patients; directions of anti-epidemic support, effectiveness of measures.

The aim of the study is to evaluate modern models of laboratory support for the indication of pathogenic biological agents (PBA), the tasks of the laboratory service at the main stages of an emergency: readiness, response and recovery.

Laboratory diagnostics is an important component in the system of protection during emergencies, which ensures the detection of PBA and toxins, conducting clinical laboratory tests. The scope and directions of activity of the laboratory network are determined by the real situation and differ at the stages of readiness, response and recovery at ES.

The indication of PBA begins at the stage of carrying out sanitary-epidemiological reconnaissance in the affected territories. The PBA detection and identification can be carried out by the laboratory network of health care institutions in the emergency zone, mobile laboratories of various types, and the laboratory network outside the affected areas. The methods of antigens detection based on an immune capture assay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, fluorescent microscopy), spectroscopy as well as PBA genomes (multiplex PCR) allows to verify the diagnoses of infectious patients in up to 2 hours. In the case of using lateral flow chromatography, it is advisable to use sets of rapid tests taking into account the group of infections: intestinal, respiratory, contact, blood. Normally is the use of other principles of kit selection: group of particularly dangerous infections; sexually transmitted infections; central nervous system infections, etc.
Participación comunitaria en los centros de secundaria desde una perspectiva intercultural
Authors: Venceslao Marta , Marí Ytarte Rosa , Esteban Beatriz
Published: January 2024

Este artículo examina el papel crucial de la participación educativa en los centros de secundaria en su compromiso con la promoción de la interculturalidad, la convivencia y los valores democráticos. Está inscrito en el marco de una investigación más amplia con estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria en Castilla-La Mancha durante los años 2020-2022. Se utilizó como instrumento un cuestionario con preguntas en escala tipo Likert (con 31 ítems) a la comunidad educativa acerca de la participación y las acciones educativas que la impulsan. El estudio se centra en dos cuestiones clave acerca de la interculturalidad desde las cuales articular los resultados: a) ¿Los programas de participación en centros de secundaria son un vehículo para fomentar una mirada plural de la sociedad y favorecer la convivencia en la comunidad educativa? y b) ¿Cuáles serían las líneas de trabajo en dichos centros que, desde la Educación Social, fomentaran la interculturalidad desde la participación? Los resultados mostraron la valoración de la participación del conjunto de la comunidad y también las dificultades para desarrollarla. Prestamos especial atención al análisis de las categorías asociadas a la interculturalidad y a cómo éstas se materializan en los centros educativos, así como su vinculación con su entorno social inmediato. Participaron 60 centros y se respondieron un total de 1.620 cuestionarios, que se analizaron a partir de un método cuantitativo descriptivo y no experimental. Se expone el análisis de los resultados que midieron la dimensión social y comunitaria de la participación desde una perspectiva intercultural, con el objetivo de determinar en qué medida el fomento de la pluralidad en los programas de participación podía impulsar el sentimiento de pertenencia, la integración y la mejora de la convivencia en los centros educativos de secundaria, así como su apertura y compromiso con la comunidad.