bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytology and Yields Analysis of Onions (Allium cepa l.) under Compost Application in Coastal Saline Soil
Authors: Sadia Taslim , Dutta Dibakar , Das Subroto Kumar , Nasrin Afroja , Afroz Mahin , Hossain Md Uzzal
Published: February 2025

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a valuable crop in Bangladesh for its diversified usage and availability of enriched germplasms including local and exotic ones. However, the cultivation of onions in the coastal regions of Bangladesh has become a major challenge because of salinity and soil fertility. Therefore, a pot experiment of coastal saline soil amendment with compost was carried out with mostly cultivated varieties i.e. Taherpuri and King. The treatments T1 (2.5 t/ha) and T2 (5.0 t/ha) significantly improved the plant height for the Taherpuri variety and revealed an escalation to the no. of the leaflet, root length and bulb diameter for the King variety. Compost application on saline soil didn’t increase the mitotic index (MI%) for all the treatments for both of the experimented varieties but increased the mitotic inhibition index (MII%) for the treatments T3 (7.5 t/ha) and T4 (10.0 t/ha) treatment for the Taherpuri and King varieties respectively. The correlation coefficient between the treatment and different yields of onion was found better for the Taherpuri than the King variety.
J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 50(1-2): 89-99, June-December 2024
Effects of GA3 on Growth, Yield and Pigments Content of Mungbean (Vigna Radiata l. Wilczek)
Authors: Adam A M M Golam , Esmin Sabina , Begum Hasna Hena
Published: February 2025

A field trial was carried to explore the effect of GA3 (foliar, seed soaking or both) on growth, yield and photosynthetic pigments content of BARI Mung-6. The trial comprised of ten treatments viz. T0 = Control (Distilled water), T1, T2 and T3 = seed soaking with 25, 50 and 100 ppm GA₃ respectively; T4, T5 and T6 = foliar spray of 25, 50 and 100 ppm GA₃ respectively; T7 = 12.5 ppm GA₃ as seed soaking + 12.5 ppm GA₃ as foliar spray, T8 = 25 ppm GA₃ as seed soaking + 25 ppm GA₃ as foliar spray and T9 = 50 ppm GA₃ as seed soaking + 50 ppm GA₃ as foliar spray. Results revealed that foliar spray of 50 ppm GA₃ produced significantly taller plant (48.0 cm) than all other treatments although statistically identical to 25 ppm foliar treatment. The maximum number of branches (5.17) and leaves per plant (17.33), highest dry weight of leaves (0.73 g) and roots were noted from 25 ppm foliar application. Foliar application of 25 ppm GA3 also produced higher shoot-root ratio, biomass duration, absolute growth rate and relative growth rate than control. Outcome indicated that the highest number of pods per plant (5.50), longest pod (8.01cm), highest fresh (3.60 g) and dry weight (2.99 g) of pods, maximum number of seeds per plant (49.00), 1000-seed weight (47.72 g), yield per plant (2.34 g), yield per hectare (0.78 ton) and harvest index (62.46%) were obtained from 25 ppm foliar GA3 treatment. Increase in yield per plant due to foliar application of 25 ppm GA3 was 42.88% higher than control followed by seed soaking with 50 ppm (18.29%), 50 ppm foliar + 50 ppm seed soaking (13.42%) and seed soaking with 25 ppm (10.37%) treatments, respectively. Pigments content of leaves was remarkably influenced by GA3 treatments but varies depending on the methods application, concentration and plant growth. Out of ten treatments, foliar spray of 25 ppm GA3 produced better stimulation.
J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 50(1-2): 113-123, June-December 2024
Diversity and Mitochondrial CO1-Based Barcoding of Orthopteran Species of Bangladesh
Authors: Mazumdar Santosh , Rahman A S M Sharifur , Seymour Mathew , Chowdhury Mohammad Al-Baruni
Published: February 2025

Recognizing the ecological and economic significance of Orthoptera species in Bangladesh, maintaining an up-to-date inventory of the species within the country becomes crucial. Building upon previous records, the current investigation places a central focus on documenting the taxonomic identity, species distribution, and evolutionary relationships of Orthoptera species in Bangladesh, employing the mitochondrial COI-based barcoding technique. The findings reveal a total of 13 orthopteran species across 13 genera and 9 families, with three species identified through barcoding. Notably, Phlaeoba sikkimensis is recorded as a first for the Bangladeshi entomofauna, highlighting its importance in local biodiversity. The comprehensive genetic data presented in this study significantly enhance our understanding of orthopteran diversity, facilitating the development of effective measures for their conservation and sustainable management, thus fostering a harmonious coexistence with these ecologically and economically valuable species.
J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 50(1-2): 125-136, June-December 2024
Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Storage and Distribution in the Agricultural Soils as Affected by Soil Depths and Inundation Land Types
Authors: Uddin M J , Mohiuddin A S M
Published: February 2025

A study was initiated on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) storage and their distribution as affected by soil depths and inundation land types selecting ideal two catena across eight soil profiles up to the depth of 120 cm in the Brahmaputra and the Ganges alluviums. Soil organic carbon  and TN storage is higher in the surface soil depth than the other soil depths. The contents and distribution of SOC and TN in all the soil depths varies significantly. Moreover, inundation land types and soil depths exhibited a significant effect (p<0.001) on SOC and TN storage.  Soil organic carbon  and TN storage were higher in the lowland (LL) and medium lowland (MLL) sites than that in the highland (HL) and medium highland (MHL) sites across the alluviums, which indicates that the topographic variability as well as their water recession conditions which ultimately focuses on SOC loss or sequestration. The Brahmaputra alluvium possesses higher SOC and TN storage than the Ganges alluvium which may be due to the variability of their land use and local management practices. Proper emphasis should be given on sub soil depths and inundation levels in formulating any agricultural policy planning.  
J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 50(1-2): 137-152, June-December 2024
Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia Type 6: A Rare Disorder in Two Siblings
Authors: Khan Husnea Ara , Parvin Jobaida , Saha Dipa , Hossain Sharmin , Hossain Mohammed Monir , Saha Narayan Chandra
Published: February 2025

Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 6 (PCH-6) is a mitochondrial disease caused by mutations in the RARS2 gene. It is characterized by severe neurodevelopmental impairment, progressive microcephaly, seizure, cerebellar and pontine hypoplasia. We present a detailed description of two siblings with PCH-6. They had similar symptoms like developmental delay, seizure, and microcephaly. Neuroimaging abnormalities were found in both patient but finding typical for PCH-6 was only found in patient-1. Whole-exome sequencing confirmed that both siblings harbored the same compound heterozygous c.1A>G (p. Met1?)  and c.574_575delinsTT (p. Glu192leu) variant in RARS2 gene. This case report highlights the clinical features, and diagnosis of PCH-6 in two siblings. A heightened index of suspicion for PCH-6 is merited in infants with developmental delay, intractable seizure, and microcephaly.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2025; 43: 93-97
Immune-mediated Neuropathies in Clinical Practice: A Narrative Review
Authors: Rahman Aminur
Published: February 2025

The spectrum of immune-mediated polyneuropathies has expanded with the discovery of chronic, steroid-responsive polyneuropathy 50 years ago, and the identification of acute monophasic paralysis, later named Guillain-Barré syndrome, nearly a century ago. Numerous subtypes of these polyneuropathies are still being identified, such as multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) and paraproteinemic neuropathies (PN). Most of these illnesses are thought to be brought on by autoimmunity against proteins found at the node of Ranvier or peripheral nerve myelin; however, not all disorders have been linked to disease-associated autoantibodies. The presence of certain anti-glycoconjugate antibodies suggests a molecular mimicking mechanism at work and can help classify these illnesses, albeit this approach often just confirms the clinical diagnosis. Presently, multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block, another subgroup of treatable motor neuropathies, is characterized by the electrophysiological presence of conduction blocks. The many kinds of immune-mediated neuropathies make it difficult to make the correct diagnosis in day-to-day clinical practice. Immunotherapies, such as plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin, and corticosteroids, are typically used in the therapy of these illnesses. The treatment choices for these debilitating diseases should be expanded by advancements in clinical criteria and the development of further immunotherapies targeted to individual diseases. The aim of this review is to get a glimpse at these different perspectives that may aid these diseases practical approach to diagnosis, management and prognosis.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2025; 43: 59-76
Simultaneous involvement of Brain and Peripheral nerves in a Child with Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): A Case Report
Authors: Debnath Bithi
Published: February 2025

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects almost every system in the body. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common in SLE, but diagnosis often remains difficult. In this case, we report a girl of 16 years who presented with an acute confusional state and features of peripheral neuropathy. A detailed clinical evaluation with a review of the medical history and appropriate laboratory analyses allows this diagnosis to be made. Treatment with immune-modulating therapy, cyclophosphamide resulted in significant improvement of her symptoms. Neuropsychiatric SLE should be considered a potential differential diagnosis for patients presenting with acute confusional state and peripheral neuropathy.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2025; 43: 89-92
Efficacy of Mantoux Test in Detecting Latent Tubercular Infection in Nephrotic Children
Authors: Sharmin Shabnam , Ima Ishrat Jahan , Alam Md Shafiul , Ashique Shamsi Sumaiya , Khatun MT Anjumanara , Uddin Md Reaz , Alam Md Kabir , Khan Mohammed Anwar Hossain
Published: February 2025

Background: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is the most common kidney disease in children. These children are immunocompromised and very prone to infections like tuberculosis (TB) that can flare up during treatment. Latent tuberculosis (LTB) infection is not uncommon in nephrotic children and is difficult to diagnose, particularly due to the overestimation of the Mantoux Test (MT). The study aimed to analyze the ability of Mantoux test in detecting LTBI in nephrotic children. Methods: This cross-sectional analytic study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Nephrology of National Institute of Kidney Disease and Urology (NIKDU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from October 2019 to March 2021. A total of 91 BCG vaccinated nephrotic children aged 1-12 year were included in this study through convenient sampling using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS 23. Qualitative data were compared by chi-square test and quantitative data were compared by ttest. Results: Considering the QuantiFERON TB Gold Plus test as reference the MT test showed 100% sensitivity, 75.9% specificity, 28.57% positive predictive value, 100% negative predictive value, and 78.02% accuracy. Conclusion: Latent TB must be confirmed by QFT- plus test before giving treatment of nephrotic syndrome.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2025; 43: 20-24
Maternal knowledge, perception, and attitude regarding the management of childhood febrile illness
Authors: Nazme Nure Ishrat , Islam Md Khademul
Published: February 2025

Background:Maternal knowledge, perception, and attitude play a crucial role in the effective management of childhood febrile illnesses, as mothers are often the primary caregivers. Understanding how mothers recognize, interpret, and respond to fever can influence the timely administration of appropriate care. This highlights the importance of educating mothers on fever management practices to improve health outcomes for children.
Objective:The aim is to assess maternal perceptions on the home management of childhood fever, focusing on their understanding and practices in addressing febrile illness in children. This insight can guide strategies to improve care and health outcomes.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pediatric Outpatient Department (OPD) of CMH Ramu, Ramu Cantonment, from April 2024 to July 2024 on 350 mothers attending with a feverish child under twelve years.
Results:In our study, 60% of mothers used their hands to measure their child's body temperature, with the armpit being the preferred site. The definition of fever varied among mothers, ranging from ≥98°F to 102°F. A large proportion, 86%, were unaware of the proper dosing and frequency of Paracetamol, while 90% consulted a doctor before administering any antipyretic. The oral route was favored by 89% of mothers for antipyretic administration, and 14% relied on traditional methods. Paracetamol was the most commonly used antipyretic in 91% of cases, while 51% of mothers preferred antibiotics at the onset of fever to prevent its progression. Cefixime was the most frequently selected antibiotic (44.4%), followed by Azithromycin (30.6%) and other options.
Conclusions: Misconceptions about the management of febrile children are widespread among mothers in Bangladesh, leading to unnecessary concern and an increased burden on healthcare facilities. There is a pressing need to enhance their knowledge and perception to improve care and reduce this strain.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2025; 43: 39-45
Clinical and Demographic Profile of Chronic Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Study in Bangladesh
Authors: Saifullah ANM , Saha Madhusudan , Chandra Shil Bimal , Uddin Royes , Akhter Arifa , Islam Md Shafiqul
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by irreversible damage to the pancreas that leads to pain and/or exocrine and endocrine insufficiency. In this study, we investigated the demographic profile, clinical feature and therapeutic modalities of chronic pancreatitis in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective hospital-based study. All patients admitted with chronic pancreatitis in Gastroenterology department of two tertiary care hospitals from Jan. 2019 to Dec.2022 were included in this study. Results: A total of (n=106) patients were enrolled in this study with a median age of 17.67 ±15.47 years. Abdominal pain was a presenting symptom in most of the cases (89.6%). Forty-two patients (39.6 %) had diabetes mellitus. Ductal dilatation (48.11 %) and pancreatic calcification (51.89 %) were the most common ultrasonological findings. All the patients were receiving medical treatment. Two patients undergone pancreato-jejunostomy & nine patients (8.5 %) received endo therapy. Out of complications, seven patients (6.6 %) had evidence of pseudocyst, six patients (5.66%) had biliary obstruction & four patients (3.77%) had ascites. Conclusion: In this study, idiopathic chronic pancreatitis (CP) was observed as the most common & should be treated by multidisciplinary team.
Medicine Today 2025, Vol.37 (1): 1-4
Influence of Nutritional Support Methods on Postoperative Well-being in Pancreaticoduodenectomy Patients
Authors: Mozammel Haque Md , Chandra Das Bidhan , Masud Rana Abunur Md , Ahmed SM Ferdous , Quiyum Md Abdul
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Early enteral feeding has gained attention as a potential method to enhance postoperative recovery in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. Traditionally, postoperative feeding was delayed to stabilize intestinal anastomoses, but recent evidence suggests that early enteral feeding may offer significant advantages. By examining the effects of early versus delayed enteral feeding, we aim to understand its impact on postoperative outcomes and guide best practices in perioperative care. Materials and Methods: This prospective case-control study took place in the Department of Surgery of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. This study was conducted from 1st January to 31st December 2016. A total of 30 patients were selected as study subjects by purposive sampling technique. Patients were divided into two groups; case (Group I, n=15) and control (Group II, n=15). Statistical analysis of the results was obtained by using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-21.0). Statistical significance was set at p<0.05 and the confidence interval was set at 95% level. Result: The study compared early and delayed enteral feeding in pancreaticoduodenectomy patients. Demographic and preoperative nutritional statuses were similar between groups. Significant differences were observed in intraoperative metrics, with the case group showing less blood loss (540.00 ± 91.03 ml vs. 613.33 ± 83.38 ml, p=0.029) and shorter operation times (4.40 ± 1.12 hrs vs. 5.30 ± 0.65 hrs, p=0.012). Postoperatively, hemoglobin levels and lymphocyte counts increased more in the case group, indicating better recovery. Differences in surgical techniques also varied significantly between groups. Conclusion: This study evaluated the effects of early versus delayed enteral feeding on postoperative outcomes in pancreaticoduodenectomy patients. The results show that early enteral feeding enhanced lymphocyte counts, indicating better immune function.
Medicine Today 2025, Vol.37 (1): 9-13
Safety of Topical Mometasone Furoate 0.1% Cream vs Topical Tacrolimus 0.03% Ointment in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Khan Md Alauddin , Hena Chowdhury Mohammod Abu , Khondker Lubna , Afroze Dilshad
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an itchy, chronic, or chronically relapsing, inflammatory skin condition, affecting between 10% and 20% of children and 1% and 3% of adults. Atopic dermatitis causes significant physical, psychological and social distress. The prevalence of AD has increased steadily over the last 30 years. Topical steroids and calcineurin inhibitors are the current standard for topical anti-inflammatory therapy. Mometasone furoate cream 0.1% is a medium potency corticosteroid, effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children. Materials and Methods: A clinical trial was conducted from September 2021 to February 2022 to compare the safety of mometasone furoate and tacrolimus in the treatment of Atopic Dermatitis. Patients of Atopic dermatitis attending outpatient department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka were the study population. Patients of atopic dermatitis diagnosed clinically and age more than 2 years were included in the study. Results: In this study, 73.33% of mometasone furoate treated patient and 60% of tacrolimus treated patients did not experience any side effects. Side effects recorded in group A were burning sensation (13.3%), dry skin (6.7%), Desquamation (3.3%) and irritation (3.3%) and in group B were burning(10.0%), dry skin (13.3%), desquamation (10.0%), irritation (3.3%) and erythema (3.3%) (p>0.05). Conclusion: In the light of the findings of the study we conclude that each of the treatment of mometasone furoate and tacrolimus is individually safe in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. The safety and tolerability of mometasone furoate 0.1% is almost same as that of tacrolimus in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
Medicine Today 2025, Vol.37 (1): 14-18
Efficacy of Serum Cystatin C as a Diagnostic Marker of Early Renal Dysfunction in Hypertensive Individuals
Authors: Shakila Saima , Farhad MD Monaim , Hasan Farhana , Sharmin Shaila , Alam Bhuiyan MD Monzurul , Sultana Tuhin , Akanda MD Iltutmish
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to find out the efficacy of serum Cystatin C as a diagnostic marker of early renal dysfunction in hypertensive individuals. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2022 to February 2023 in the Departments of Laboratory Medicine & Internal Medicine, BSMMU. All adult individuals (>18 years) attending OPD of Internal Medicine Department were enrolled in this study who fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, 5 ml of venous blood was collected for the estimation of serum Cystatin C and serum creatinine. Five ml urine was collected for the estimation of spot urinary microalbumin. After data collection and processing, all statistical analysis was done by SPSS software windows version 26. Result: Total of 103 respondents from OPD of Internal Medicine was enrolled in this study. The mean age of the study population was 53.0±11.0 years. The male: female ratio is 2:1. The diagnostic performance of serum Cystatin C based on urinary microalbumin as the gold standard determining the best cut-off of 1.17 mg/L at an optimum sensitivity of 93.8% and specificity of 97.7%, PPV 88.2%, NPV 98.8% and accuracy 97.1%. The diagnostic performance of serum creatinine based on urinary microalbumin as the gold standard determining the best cut-off of 1.20 mg/L at an optimum sensitivity of 81.3%, specificity 98.9%, PPV 92.9%, NPV 96.6% and accuracy 96.1%. Conclusion: Serum Cystatin C level had significantly more correlation with microalbuminuria in hypertensive individuals. The area under the curve had shown that serum Cystatin C had an excellent discriminative ability to detect early renal dysfunction in hypertensive individuals.
Medicine Today 2025, Vol.37 (1): 19-22
Efficacy of Intra-cameral Mydriatic and Anesthetics- in Small Incision Cataract Surgery (SICS)
Authors: Mahmud ul Huda Md , Abdul Khaleque Sajed , Zinnurain Md , Hossain Md Musharraf , Jannat Munjifa Rowjatul
Published: February 2025

Introduction:  Aim: To observe the per operative efficacy (in term of time of papillary dilatation and its maintenance till end of the surgery) of intra-cameral mydriatic and anesthetics(tropicamide 0.02%, phenylephrine 0.31% and lidocaine 1%) (ICM) in small incision cataract surgery (SICS). Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional analytical study done in the department of ophthalmology Sheikh Hasina Medical College Jamalpur, from 27 April 2022 to 24 May 2022. This study includes 52 eyes of 52 patients. All patients received 0.2 ml intra cameral injection of mydriatic and anesthetic after opening anterior chamber. The pupillary size was measured periodically upto the end of the surgery with caliper. Result : The mean pupil diameter was 7.6 mm±0.72 before capsulorhexis, 7.3mm± 0.78 before lens implantation and 7mm± 0.83 before sub-conjunctival injection(at the end of the surgery). In 94.2 % of the cases papillary diameter was achieved and maintained ≥6mm till the end of the surgery. Conclusion: Intra-cameral combination of tropicamide0.02%, phenylephrine 0.31% and lidocaine 1% could be a good alternative of standard regimen in SICS.
Medicine Today 2025, Vol.37 (1): 23-26
Assessment of Physical Deconditioning due to COVID-19 Lock Down: A Comparison between COVID-19 Affected and Non-affected Person
Authors: Nobi Golam , Alam Md Obaidul , Mehedi ABM , Kalam Azad Abul , Rashid Immamur , Shakoor M A , Rahman Nadia
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The COVID-19 lockdown significantly reduced physical activity due to home confinement and limited access to fitness facilities, leading to physical deconditioning characterized by decreased strength, endurance, and mobility. Those infected with COVID-19 may have experienced more severe deconditioning due to illness-related inactivity, respiratory issues, and prolonged recovery, particularly in long-COVID cases. Objectives: To find out the physical deconditioning pattern due to lock down. Materials and Methods: This is a Case-control Study carried out Post COVID-19 clinic and Department of Physical medicine & rehabilitation in BSMMU during the period of 01-7-2021 to 30-06-2022. The patients (As Case) attending in post COVID-19 clinic at OPD of BSMMU and persons (As Control) attending the OPD. The subjects were divided into two groups as designated below: Group A: The case group was COVID-19 positive previously and Group B: Control group was the normal individual. So, total sample size is 150 in each group. The data was collected by semi structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed statistically by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for Windows version 23. Results: Most participants were in service (98, 30.1%), housewives (81, 24.8%), businessmen (37, 11.3%), and physicians (28, 8.6%), with 82 (25.2%) from various other occupations like garment workers, students, teachers, and bankers. The case group showed mostly mild to moderate fatigue, while the control group had mild or no fatigue (P=0.001). In cases, most had Grade-1 & 2 dyspnea by MMRC, while the control group had Grade-0, 1, & 2. Deconditioning in activities like feeding, dressing, and grooming was common in cases but rare in controls (P=0.001). Personal hygiene deconditioning was mild to moderate in cases, while 108 controls had none, and 63 had mild issues (P=0.001). Moderate deconditioning was common in cases for outlet and active recreation, while controls had no deconditioning. Cases also showed mild to moderate deconditioning in socialization, whereas controls had no or mild deconditioning (P=0.001). Conclusion: This study concluded that deconditioning symptoms were more severe in COVID-19 patients compared to non-infected individuals. Fatigue and dyspnea were common, especially in those with co-morbidities. Daily activities were more significantly affected in COVID-19 patients. Exercise is recommended during lockdowns to reduce physical deconditioning.
Medicine Today 2025, Vol.37 (1): 27-32
Outcome of Gartland Type III Paediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fracture Fixation with the Kapandji Technique in the Prone Position
Authors: Chakrobortty Partho Protim , Mozumder Biplab , Ariful Islam Syed , Ullah Kabir Mohammad Aman , Chakrobortty Tripty , Kumar Das Chandan
Published: February 2025

Introduction with Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Outcome of Gartland Type III Paediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fracture Fixation with the Kapandji Technique in the Prone Position. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was carried out at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery at Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong within the defined period from January 2020 to February 2022. All the data were compiled and sorted properly and the quantitative data was analyzed statistically by using Statistical Package for Social Science. The results were expressed as percentage and mean ± SD and p<0.05 was considered as the level of significant. Result: Out of 30 patients, the mean ± SD age of the patients was 7.7 ± 2.2 years. Most of the patients (56.7%) belonged to male. Out of 30 patients, Most of the (n=13, 43.3%) patients time from injury to procedure was 5 days. Mean ± SD time from injury to procedure was 4.77 ± 1.331 (range: 3-7) days. Majority of the (n=12, 40%) patients needed 30 minutes for operation from manipulation to casting. Mean ± SD time of procedure was 30.5 ± 5.309 (range: 20-40) minutes. After 1st week follow-up, all the 30 (100%) patients’ outcome was poor; after 4th week follow-up, 27 (90%) patients had fair and 3 (10%) patients had poor outcome and after 18th week final follow-up, excellent outcome was in 27 (90%) patients and good outcome was in 03 (10%) patients. Conclusion: After analyzing the Results of present study, it can be concluded that management of Gartland type III supracondylar humerus fractures in children using the Kapandji technique in the prone position is a feasible and safe method. So, it could be an alternative technique.
Medicine Today 2025, Vol.37 (1): 33-36
Multimodal Treatment of Unilateral Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD)- Study of 120 Cases
Authors: Kabir Mohammad Iqbal , Islam Rabby Md Atiqul , Taufique Reshma Samira , Rab Md Abdur , Haider Ismat Ara , Chowdhury Golam Mohiuddin
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) comprises a variety of conditions affecting the anatomy and functional characteristics of the TM joint (TMJ). Its prevalence has been reported to be between 3.7% and 12%, and is three to five times more frequent in women. Conservative treatments for TMD include medication, physiotherapy, occlusal splints, self-management strategies, and interventions based on cognitive behavioral approaches. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective study done over a period of 6 months in the department of Dental Surgery of Bangladesh Navy Hospital, BNS Potenga, Chattagram. Total 120 patients were included in the study. The patients who met the inclusion criteria were assigned randomly to the treatment. And all the patient got 1 month, 4 months & 6 months of follow up individually. Our treatment has been given in three phase (phase I, Phase II & Phase III). Result: After first line treatment total 51 (42.5%) patients were cure and rest of the 69 (57.5%) had the persistence symptoms. Then rests of the patients were received treatment under phase II guideline. And after phase II 48 (40%) patient became symptom free. Rests 21 (17.5%) patient were enrolled for phase III treatment where they were treated with occlusal splint following arthrocentesis plus Methylprednisolone injection. Among them 15 (12.5%) patients were cured but 6 (5%) had persistence moderate symptoms. Total success after completion of the study was 114 (95%). Conclusion: Analgesic with muscle relaxant, alone with soft diet and jaw exercise is a good first line treatment option in primary temporomandibular disorder. But in progressive cases occlusal splint with soft diet and jaw exercise give significant improvement.
Medicine Today 2025, Vol.37 (1): 37-43
A Decade of Antibiotic Resistance in E. Coli in Urinary Tract Infections : A Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Majumder Md Mahabubul , Rahaman Mahadi Ashrafur , Ahmed Tareq , Sakib Nazmus , Ahmed Mostaque , Nazim Uddin Mohammad , Mohammad Shihab Hossain
Published: February 2025

Introduction: This study aimed to discern evolving bacteriology and antibiotic resistance trends of E.coli among uropathogens, contrasting with a previous study. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Cumilla Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, between June 2011 and June 2021, it encompassed three phases: 2011, 2016, and 2021, with participant counts of 551, 658, and 2312, respectively. Notably, females exhibited higher UTI prevalence. Results: Urine samples, 551 (2011), 658 (2016), and 2312 (2021), were cultivated for E. coli resistance assessment. Predominantly, females (18-40 years old, rural, married, sexually active, middle-income) exhibited symptoms like dysuria, fever, urgency, and abdominal pain. In 2021, UTI prevalence was higher in females (32.06%) than males (22.86%). E. coli dominated isolates, constituting 61.6% (2021), 86.0% (2016), and 75.5% (2011). Antibiotic susceptibility tests on 410 E. coli isolates from 2021 unveiled high resistance to cephalosporins (61.75-83.33%), fluoroquinolones (43.36-51.72%), macrolides (89.49%), cotrimoxazole (52.79%), and nitrofurantoin (25.38%). Resistance rates were lower for carbapenems (1.47-3.92%), aminoglycosides (5.91-20.79%), and piperacillin/tazobactam (11.55%). Comparing the three phases highlighted escalating E. coli resistance from 2011 to 2021: imipenem (0 to 4.2%, p=0.007), meropenem (2.0 to 3.4%, p=0.021), amikacin (2.0 to 6.2%, p=0.017), gentamicin (14.0 to 23.7%, p=0.043), and nitrofurantoin (9.0 to 31.2%, p=0.002). Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid resistance decreased (24.0 to 17.4%, p=0.036). Conclusion: In summary, this study illuminated burgeoning E. coli resistance in UTIs, notably against common oral antibiotics. The findings underscore the indispensability of urine culture and susceptibility tests in steering appropriate empirical antibiotic therapies.
Medicine Today 2025, Vol.37 (1): 44-51
Socio-demographic and Clinical profile of Children with Typhoid Fever in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Rahat Syeda Farzana , Chanda Shaha Kartick , Sultana Humayra , Rahman MD Shafiqur , Rahman Sheikh Hasibur
Published: February 2025

Introduction with Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the socio-demographic and clinical profile of children with typhoid fever in Dhaka. Materials and Methods: This observational study was carried out among 120 patients presenting with symptoms, signs and laboratory investigations diagnostic of typhoid fever in IPD and OPD of Paediatric department, Dhaka National Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from April 2013 to October 2013. Widal test positive was included for the study. Statistical analyses of the results were obtained by using window based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-20.1). Results: Majority of the patients (55%) belonged to 6-8 years. Male patients (n=72, 60%) were more than the female patients (n=48, 40%). Parents education of the study patients was observed that majority parents (n=42, 35%) were HSC level and 41 parents (34.16%) were primary level. Parents occupational status of the study patients was observed that majority (n=42, 35.0%) of the parents were skilled worker. Almost half (46.67%) of the patients drink boiled water. 40% patients used to take food from outside. Good sanitation was found in 61 patients (50.83%).115 patients (95.83%) had fever 5-10 days. Thirty four percents patients had anemia. 85% patients had coated tongue. 59 patients had abdominal tenderness. Palpable liver was found in 85% patients. Palpable spleen was found in 53.33% patients. 72 (60.0%) patients had To 1:160. 103 patients (85.84%) had TH 1:320. Conclusion: Safe water, sanitation and hygiene are critical for preventing the spread of typhoid.
Medicine Today 2025, Vol.37 (1): 61-63
Prevalence and Causes of Low Vision in Urban vs. Rural Populations
Authors: Hossain Chowdhury Md Miftahul , Faruk Hossain Md Golam , Siddiqui Shamima
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Low vision is a significant global public health issue, affecting millions and leading to reduced quality of life. In developing countries like Bangladesh, low vision is often due to uncorrected refractive errors, cataracts, and other preventable conditions. There are disparities in the prevalence and causes of low vision between urban and rural populations, driven by differences in healthcare access, socio-economic status, and awareness. Objective: To assess the prevalence, causes, and socio-economic impact of low vision in urban and rural populations in Bangladesh. Method and Materials: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at the Ophthalmology Department, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Medical College, Gazipur, over two years (January 2021–December 2022). A total of 124 participants were included using stratified random sampling. Comprehensive eye exams and demographic data were collected. The study used descriptive statistics and chi-square tests for analysis, with a p-value of <0.05 considered significant. Result: The study included 124 participants, with the majority aged 30–49 (33.9%) and 56.5% being male. Half of the participants (50%) had moderate low vision, while 37.1% had severe low vision. Cataracts were the leading cause of low vision (38.7%), especially in rural areas (46.7%). Urban participants had more frequent eye check-ups (81.3%) and cataract surgeries (21.9%) compared to rural participants (46.7% and 13.3%, respectively). Conclusion: The study reveals disparities in low vision prevalence, causes, and access to care across populations.
Medicine Today 2025, Vol.37 (1): 78-82
Evaluation of the Outcome of Primary Repair within 24 Hours of Open Tendo Achilles Injury
Authors: Abdul Kadir Mohammed , Kumar Roy Liton , Alam Mahabub , Saha Apel Chandra , Alam Md Khorshedul , Al Rafi Abdullah
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The outcome of open Achilles tendon injury is always challenging, primary repair is considered as gold standard procedure for open Tendo Achilles injury. Objective: To assess the outcome of primary repair within 24 hours of open Tendo Achilles injury. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out among 50 patients attending at the Department of Orthopaedics, Comilla Medical College Hospital, Cumilla within the defined period from January 2022 to December 2022. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Comilla Medical College Hospital. Purposive sampling was done according to availability of the patients. Statistical analyses of the results were obtained by using window based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-20.1). Evaluation was done according to Juhana Leppilahti’s modified scoring scale. Results: The mean age of the patients were 29.48 years with standard deviation of 13.53 years. More than two-thirds of the patients 34(68.0%) were male, whereas 16 (32.0%) were female. The majority of patients 30(60.0%) underwent surgery within 6-12 hours of injury. Moreover, half of the patients 28(56.0%) had been followed up for more than 6 months. According to Juhana Leppilahti’s modified scoring scale, mild pain was found in 26 patients 52.0%) and no pain in 24 patients (48.0%). Mild stiffness was found in 46 patients (92.0%), moderate in 1 patient (2.0%) and no stiffness was found in 3 patients (6.0%). Mild calf muscle weakness was found in 11 patients (22.0%). Mild footwear restrictions were found in 3 patients (6.0%). Half of the patients (n=25, 50.0%) had normal ROM (Range of motion) difference between affected and normal ankle after operation, 24 patients (48.0%) had mild ROM difference and 1 patients (2.0%) had moderate ROM difference. Almost half (n=24, 48.0%) of the patients had MRC grade 5, 20 patients (40.0%) had 4 MRC grade and 6 patients (12.0%) had 3 MRC grade. Subjective results very satisfied was found in 36 patients (72.0%), satisfied with minor reservations was in 13 patients (26.0%) and satisfied with major reservations was in 1 patients (2.0%). Conclusion: The present study suggests that primary repair within 24 hours of open Tendo Achilles injury is a safe and effective procedure with low complication rates. The majority of patients reported high levels of satisfaction with the procedure, and excellent to good outcomes were achieved in most cases.
Medicine Today 2025, Vol.37 (1): 83-87
Community Engagement and Readiness for E-waste Initiatives: Attitudes, Barriers and Opportunities
Authors: Hossain Irin , Rahman Md Shafiur , Abbas Md Golam , Sattar Shahria , Nazneen Afsana
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The research "Community Engagement and Readiness for E-waste Initiatives: Attitudes, Barriers, and Opportunities" investigates the attitudes, barriers, and opportunities regarding e-waste management among community members in four divisional cities of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed over six months from January to June 2024, focusing on community members in Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi, and Khulna. A stratified random sampling technique selected 408 participants based on their involvement with e-waste and willingness to participate. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: Participants included 58.8% males and 41.2% females, with the majority aged between 20-30 years. Education levels varied, with 14.5% holding a Bachelor's degree, while 23.5% were classified as illiterate or with minimal education. Most participants lived in urban areas (69.4%). Mobile phones were the most commonly used devices (99.3%), followed by televisions (73.8%), refrigerators (56.9%), and laptops/computers/tablets (17.2%). Recycling was the most common e-waste disposal method (47.3%), with 63% selling old devices. Environmental concern motivated 28% to recycle, while personal values motivated 40.4%. Social media was the most common source of information regarding e-waste disposal (33.8%). The government was perceived as primarily responsible for e-waste recycling (68.4%). A lack of convenient recycling facilities was identified as the most significant barrier (13.5%) hindering participation in e-waste initiatives. Regarding information on e-waste recycling options, 57.8% agreed, with 29.2% strongly agreeing. In believing that e-waste recycling reduces environmental impact, 75.7% agreed, with 25.5% strongly agreeing. Cancer was identified as the most prevalent health concern (28.9%), followed by respiratory problems (25.7%) and skin problems (22.5%). Conclusion: While there is a general awareness of the importance of e-waste recycling, significant barriers such as a lack of facilities and information hinder effective participation. To improve community engagement, efforts should focus on enhancing public awareness, improving infrastructure, and incorporating schools and digital platforms into the solution.
Medicine Today 2025, Vol.37 (1): 102-107
Microscopic Study on the Diameter of the Parietal Cells of Post Mortem Human Stomach
Authors: Basak Pran Krishna , Talukdar Suchitra , Kabir Md Ashraful , Kumar Barman Biplab , Al Foysal Abdullah , Suchi Halima Akther , Sultana Mahmuda , Biswas Anup Kumar , Roy Joyashish , Debnath Joyanti Rani , Jannat Mahmuda
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Disease pattern as well as diagnostic and treatment options may be helped by examining the diameter of parietal cells of human stomach, as the change with age. It seems that there is a few research in this area and needs more studies, including gross anatomical studies, with data available in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This Cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at Department of anatomy, Sylhet M.A.G. Osmani Medical College, Sylhet during the periods from January 2013 to December 2013. Fifty human postmortem stomach were selected from unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the morgue of department of Forensic Medicine, Sylhet M.A.G. Osmani Medical College, Sylhet. The collected samples were divided into 3 groups upon age. Group A (7-14 years), Group B (15-22 years) and Group C (23-64 years). Histological study was carried out on relatively 18 fresh samples. Results: The mean diameter of parietal cells was 14.09(SD± 0.91) μm in the age group of 7 to 14 years ; 16.60 (SD± 0.91) μm in the age group of 15 to 22 years and 17.81(SD± 1.52) μm in the age group of 23 to 64 years (p˂0.001) with 16.69(SD± 2.03) μm in male and16.49(SD± 1.99) μm in female (p=0.825) A significant positive correlation was observed between age and diameter of parietal cells (p˂0.001). Conclusion: Age related changes were found in the diameter of parietal cells.
Medicine Today 2025, Vol.37 (1): 108-110
Utilization Pattern of Analgesics in Orthopedic in-Patient Department at Tertiary Level Teaching Hospital in Dhaka
Authors: Akter Khatun Shima , Ahmed Sumaiya , Hossain Mondal Mosaddek , Bin Hossain Rashel , Chanda Shaha Kartick , Saha Shusmita
Published: February 2025

Introduction with Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the utilization pattern of analgesics in orthopedic in-patient department at tertiary level teaching hospital in Dhaka. Materials and Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was carried out for 6 month from July 2018 to December 2018. Collected data were age, sex, number of the drugs, co-prescribed drugs along with analgesic during the study period. The patients details were recorded in a predegined data collection form and results were analyzed by SPSS Version (20.1). Results: Out of 200 patients, 123 were male and 77 were female. Out of 200 patients, most of the patients belonged to 41-50 years (30%). In this study, 55.5% of patients had received single analgesic. Ketorolac was the most commonly prescribed analgesic (43.49%). During hospitalization, majority of the patients have received parenteral preparation. Gastroprotective agents were frequently prescribed along with analgesics. Conclusion: The percentages of analgesics were found satisfactory. Regular educational interventions to improve prescribing practices among physicians at different levels may further promote rational prescribing.
Medicine Today 2025, Vol.37 (1): 111-113
Association of Renal Functional Status in Different Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Chowdhury Farah Diba , Omar Beg Mirza , Chowdhury Nusrath Jahan , Papri Barsha Mojumder , Paul Shukdeb
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are both complications of diabetic microangiopathy with similar pathogenesis and clinical relevance. Many studies have demonstrated an association between diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients, but this association is less strong in T2DM. There is link exists between different stages of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy in T2DM. Aims and Objective: To explore the renal functional status in different stages of diabetic retinopathy. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh during the period from July 2019 to December 2020. Forty hospitalized type 2 DM with retinopathy were selected. Previously diagnosed case of nephropathy, history of prolong intake of NSAID’S, patient with any acute condition like fever, heart failure, pregnancy were excluded. Serum creatinine, fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, creatinine clearance rate and urinary total protein were measured. Results: The mean age of the patients was 53.66 ± 13.51 years in non- proliferative and 56.21 ± 10.02 years in proliferative diabetic retinopathy; difference was not significant (p=0.538). The mean duration of diabetes was significantly greater in proliferative diabetic retinopathy compared to non- proliferative diabetic retinopathy (7.23 ± 2.86 years versus 11.36 ± 4.70 years; p=0.001). Raised serum creatinine [11 (42.3%) versus 7 (50.0%); p=0.641], decreased creatinine clearance rate [22 (84.6%) versus 14 (100.0%); p=0.278] and raised urinary total protein [21 (80.8%); p=1.000] did not significantly between non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Conclusions: The renal functional status such as raised serum creatinine, decreased creatinine clearance rate and raised urinary total protein non-significantly greater in proliferative than no-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Medicine Today 2025, Vol.37 (1): 114-118
Evaluation of the Outcome of Ilizarov External Fixator in Tibial Non-union
Authors: Badar Uddin K M , Khan Md Rukanuddawla , Chakraborty Swarupananda , Nath Asho Tosh , Mahmood Sheikh Kawsar , Mazher Ali Khandoker Muhammud
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Tibial non-union ranges from 2-10% of all tibia fractures. Infection, deformity, shortening, bone loss, joint stiffness and disability complicate the non-union. Ilizarov method addresses all the above problems simultaneously and offers a panacea for infected non-unions. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact on overall outcome of ilizarov external fixator in tibial non- union. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was carried out at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery at Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong from June 25, 2018 to June 24, 2019. Results were analyzed according to ASAMI scoring system at the end of study by using windows based computer software devised with SPSS-23. Result: Out of 12 cases, 11cases (91.7%) were male and only 1 case (8.3%) was female. Mean (±SD) age was 27.58±5.62 years. Excellent bony result was obtained in 16.7%, good in 50%, fair in 16.7% and poor in 16.7% of patients. Two (16.7%) patients had excellent, 4 (33.3%) patients had good, 3 (25%) patients had fair and 3 (25%) patient had poor functional outcome. Conclusion: Treatment of non-unions of Tibia with Ilizarov ring fixation is effective. However, larger randomized control trial is required to generate more valuable conclusion.
Medicine Today 2025, Vol.37 (1): 119-122