bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A resposta do Plano de Recuperação e Resiliência às situações de indignidade habitacional: um olhar sobre as estratégias locais de habitação traçadas e as oportunidades em aberto.
Authors: Jorge Sílvia
Published: May 2024

Na atual crise habitacional tende-se a destacar a crescente dificuldade de acesso à habitação por parte da classe média, mas progressivamente, a nível global e nacional, também se reconhecem as situações de indignidade em que vivem alguns grupos de menores recursos, aqui em enfoque. Em Portugal, a Nova Geração de Políticas de Habitação apresenta, em 2018, o 1.º Direito – Programa de Apoio ao Acesso à Habitação como a principal resposta a estas situações, enquanto no ano seguinte a Lei de Bases da Habitação determina os pilares de suporte à garantia do direito à habitação. Contudo, é sobretudo a partir de 2021, com o Plano de Recuperação e Resiliência, assumido por Portugal para fazer frente ao impacto da pandemia, que é alocado o montante financeiro necessário para relançar a política de habitação, sob a égide da coesão social e territorial e da transição verde. Com o olhar centrado nas estratégias locais de habitação aprovadas até março de 2022, traçamos um retrato da precariedade habitacional, procurando perceber o caminho percorrido e a sua pegada no território, mas também a distância a que se está da narrativa e das metas traçadas pelo atual quadro legal e financeiro.
New Postgraduate Taught Degree: Data, Policy and Society MSc
Authors: Priego Ernesto
Published: May 2024

Honoured to be a co-director of this programme along Elinor Carmi. This new MSc will provide students with the practical research skills and knowledge to critically understand and ethically assess how data is used across a multitude of industries.
The Good, The Bad, and Hamiltonian Monte Carlo
Authors: Castillo-Aguilar Matías
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Hey there, fellow science enthusiasts and stats geeks! Welcome back to the wild world of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms. This is

part two

of my series on the

powerhouse behind Bayesian Inference

. If you missed the first post, no worries! Just hop on over here and catch up before we dive deeper into the MCMC madness.
“Stumbling blocks” in the translation of technical documentation
Authors: Bielykh Oksana
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study is to clarify the notion of “technical documentation” and explore the challenges and strategies involved in translating this type of text. Technical documentation is crucial in helping customers understand how to use the product effectively that is why it should be well-structured, allowing users to find the information they need quickly and easily. Examples of technical writing include technical manuals, operating instructions, scientific books, monographs, academic papers and articles, and patent translations. However, several obstacles can impede the translation process, potentially resulting in inaccuracies or misunderstandings. Common translation difficulties include untranslatable words, multiple-word meanings, differences in grammatical and syntactic systems, technical and specialized terminology, and “false friends.” The process of translation of such texts is intricate, involving the transfer of information from one language to another while considering cultural, linguistic, and contextual factors. While translating technical texts, the translator may encounter various obstacles, such as linguistic challenges, source text issues, expertise gaps, and realia. Improving the effectiveness of translating technical documentation involves a combination of best translation practices. Effective communication and collaborative efforts are crucial elements for project success. It is also important for professional translators to be vigilant and use the right resources to avoid common pitfalls and deliver high-quality. By combining these strategies, you can enhance the efficiency and accuracy of translating technical documentation, ensuring that the information is effectively communicated to a global audience.
EFEKTIVITAS SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PENJUALAN (Studi Kasus: UMKM Penggilingan Biji Plastik Masrur Tangerang)
Authors: Ekawanti Wahyumi
Published: May 2024

Accounting information systems manage various transaction data, both financial and non- financial, which influence the processing of financial transactions. Effectiveness is a benchmark that describes the extent to which goals are to be achieved. The purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of implementing an accounting information system implemented by the Masrur Tangerang Plastic Seed Milling UMKM. This is a qualitative research, and researchers collect data through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this research indicate that the sales accounting information system at the Masrur Iron Ore Milling UMKM has been running well and implemented very simply. This is because the system is implemented manually where document archiving is still not optimal and sales invoice documents have not been archived and are still being recorded in MS. Excel. Additionally, effectiveness The accounting information system, seen from an internal control perspective, has not been able to meet the owner's immediate needs. This can be seen from the research findings, which shows that the system used should involve technology by adding hardware components and software components and can also add network components such as WiFi or hotspots so that the resulting accounting information is free from the risk of errors and data backup can be carried out optimally.
Punishment and punishment in the middle ages in the territory of Austria-Hungary
Authors: Marková Veronika , Minárik Michal
Published: May 2024

The intention of this paper is to provide an insight into the history of alternative punishments. It examines punishment in the territory of Austria-Hungary, Czechoslovakia and traces the historical development of punishment and punishment in Slovakia throughout history. It introduces the concept of ordalia as a form of medieval punishment in the territory of Hungary and the subsequent abandonment of the harshest forms of
punishment. The article deals with forms of punishment in the Czechoslovak Republic after the Second World War.
About the nature of business – β-business theory
Authors: Mietlewski Zygmunt
Published: May 2024

In the article, we present the algorithm that we discovered, consisting of mathematical structures - codes, which allows you to save sales costs and its critical points shorter than it is today. We emphasize the implementation value of the discovered algorithm by recommending mathematical tables based on it, which improve planning and analysis of the structure of sales costs and the determination of critical points of sale.
It is not our goal to enter into a discussion in the strict sense of the scientific
value of the study with anyone, which may suggest explaining some issues related to the problem that concerns us using ontology. If we convince them to be practical, our goal will be achieved and the work will be fully appreciated. Ontologies do not necessarily have to be real entities. „They fulfill their function also when, and perhaps above all, when they ‚stimulate’ the imagination of the researcher and thus contribute to the understanding of the studied phenomenon, and often to the creation of a new model or theory. When deepening the research, the researcher (...) uses a new model (theory) rather than the ontology that brought this model (theory) to life ”. This is also the case in our case.
Pastoral care of children with specific learning disabilities
Authors: Přibylová Dagmar , Szárszói Dávid
Published: May 2024

This thesis deals with the issue of pastoring children with specific learning disabilities. It introduces the manifestations of specific learning disabilities and their basic classification, taking into account other types of learning problems and their framework characteristics. The uniqueness of pastoral work with children with specific learning disabilities is presented and examples of pastoral work are given. Emphasis is placed on creating a supportive environment with emphasis on the proclamation of God’s Word. The Man was created in the image of God, endowed with God’s love, and saved to eternal life in Jesus Christ. This message (the gospel) is also for the Man of today. However, it is also necessary to point out that each of us has different gifts, different abilities and different possibilities to receive this unique message. Therefore, when proclaiming the love of God, it is necessary to approach each person individually and to adapt the proclamation to the possibilities of the recipient of faith. Particularly with children, there is a need for a strong individualization of the approach, since the child’s discovery of God and the child’s journey to faith are very fragile.
A look at the life of the inhabitants of the estate in Rusovce in the first half of the 20th century
Authors: Králik Jozef , Králiková Kristína
Published: May 2024

After the forced annexation of the Principality of Nitra, which was ruled by Prince Pribina, to the Principality of Moravia, a relatively powerful Great Moravian Empire was established in the Central European Danube area. After its disintegration in 906, its eastern part, the Principality of Nitra, gradually became part of the multinational Hungarian state. Although it took centuries to form, it eventually disintegrated in 1918 as well. In the history of the Hungarian state, the Slovaks have always played an important role. Even the Slovak Bratislava was its capital between 1538 and 1848. It was the seat of the Hungarian parliament and all the highest state and church authorities. It was also the coronation city of the Hungarian kings. Rusovce is part of Bratislava. It is dominated by the monumental building of the manor house, the seat of the former manor, whose last noble owners were the Lónyai family until 1945. The wife of the Hungarian Prince Elemir Lónyai was Princess Stephanie of Belgium, the widow of the AustroHungarian Crown Prince Rudolf of Habsburg-Lorraine. The article presents a glimpse into the life of this family and also peeks into the operation of the Rusovce estate in the second quarter of the 20th century, as retold by the maid of this aristocratic couple in her memoirs in 1999.
Homeless population in post-Covid-19 period comparing V4 countries
Authors: Radková Libuša , Hamarová Mariana , Beňo Pavol , Buzalová Szilvia
Published: May 2024

Empirical surveys of the number of homeless people or people at risk of homelessness are carried out by several developed countries, for example in most OECD countries. It is thus possible to get some idea of the extent of this type of social exclusion and its variability between countries. According to population estimates in 2021, 5,449,270 inhabitants lived in the Slovak Republic at the beginning of the year. Of the total population, 48.9% were men and 51.1% were women. Slightly more inhabitants, up to 53.2%, lived in cities than in the countryside (46.8%). Currently, children and youth up to 14 years of age (inclusive), i.e. residents of pre-productive age, made up 15.9% of the population. At the same time, the population in productive age (from 15 to 64 years) represented 67% of the Slovak population, and seniors in post-productive age (65 and over) made up 17.1% of the Slovak population. The homeless currently make up 21% of the population in 2022. People experiencing homelessness are at high risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but our research results did not confirm that homeless people dead more often than rest risk-groups and also there were no need to close shelters due to pandemic situation, there were higher demand for social services.
The soil crisis – signal of a continuing crisis in humanity’s thinking
Authors: Králiková Kristína , Králik Jozef
Published: May 2024

Soil is the basis of life on planet Earth and therefore naturally belongs to all of humanity. In fact, the ownership of the soil is a determinant of the ownership of life. In 2004, with Slovakia’s accession to the European Union, Slovak soil was also included in the European Union’s reservoir of soil wealth. At present, soil and its protection belong to a pan-European area of interest, forming a unified system of legislative protection and practical use of land. However, in the light of the European Union’s current objectives of preserving a sustainable environment, the system of soil protection and use is facing new challenges determined by economic oscillation. One such challenge is the problem of what can be described as the ‘soil crisis’. The soil crisis risks giving rise to phenomena that could lead to a trend towards soil scarcity, soil loss or even soil extinction. The soil crisis is a signal of a continuing crisis in humanity’s thinking.
Fundamentals Of VLSI Design
Authors:   Assistant Professor  Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Annai Vailankanni College of Engineering Pottalkulam, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India, Renuka Mrs. P. , Sivakala Mrs. S. ,   Assistant Professor  Department of Bio-Medical Engineering Annai Vailankanni College of Engineering Pottalkulam, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India, Rajeswari Mrs. E. ,   Assistant Professor  Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Annai Vailankanni College of Engineering Pottalkulam, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India, Ligi Mrs. S. ,   Assistant Professor  Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Annai Vailankanni College of Engineering Pottalkulam, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: May 2024

Today, VLSI design and related technologies are indispensable because to the increasing complexity of chip circuits and the need for integrated scaling in high-speed communication systems. A comprehensive guide to the design and analysis of very large scale integrated circuits (VLSIs), covering everything from initial idea to final layout designs, VLSI Design begins with an overview of processing technologies. This book will provide readers with the necessary motivation to become specialists in the field of very large scale integration (VLSI) and associated research via its pedagogical tone and plain presentation.Remarkable featuresPhysics and mathematical analysis have been the primary foci of the area in order to tackle the fundamentals of very large scale integration (VLSI) design.
ACCURACY OF THE URINE DIPSTICK VERSUS CULTURE TEST FOR DETECTING ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA IN PREGNANCY IN KENYA; A RETHINK OF THE TESTING STRATEGY?
Authors: Muli A , Kamau R.K , Osoti A , Michoma P , Odawa F.X , Koigi P.K , Kireki O , Kosgei R.J , Kihara A.B , Kilonzo M.K , Ndavi P.M , Gwako G.N , Ogutu O
Published: May 2024

Background: The quantitative urine culture, the “gold standard” test for detection of asymptomatic  bacteriuria (ASB), is time consuming, expensive, requires special equipment and trained personnel  thus limiting its routine use in low-resource settings. Although the dipstick test is cheaper, easier to  perform and interpret, its accuracy and role in detecting ASB in pregnancy in this setting has not been  evaluated.  
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study of pregnant women without symptoms of urinary tract infection, who were receiving routine antenatal care at Kenyatta National Hospital, in Nairobi Kenya.  Clean catch, mid-stream urine specimens from 132 eligible participants were subjected to concurrent dipstick urinalysis and bacteriologic culture. Markers of ASB in urine dipstick (presence of either or both leucocyte esterase (LE) and nitrites) were compared with culture. Accuracy of urine dipstick, as  measured from the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value  (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) in detecting ASB was  estimated using culture as the “gold standard.” 
Results: Out of 320 women screened, 132 (41%) were eligible. Prevalence of ASB was 6.9%.  Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 66.7%, 74.4%, 16.2% and 96.8% respectively for LE;  44.4%, 97.5%, 57.1% and 95.9% respectively for nitrite; 22.2%, 100%, 100% and 94.5% for either  LE or nitrite; and 88.9%, 71.9%, 19% and 98.9% for both LE and nitrite respectively. The PLR and  NLR for LE was 2.61 and 0.45 whereas that of nitrite was 17.76 and 0.37 respectively. 
Conclusion: A negative urine dipstick test rules out ASB in pregnancy and the need for routine culture.  Positive dipstick test has low accuracy in detecting ASB in pregnancy and requires confirmatory  testing with culture. This would avoid exposing pregnant women to unnecessary antibiotics and their  side effects.
The New Transgender Ruling in Czechia
Authors: Vikarská Zuzana , Ouředníčková Sarah
Published: May 2024

In a recent decision in the case of N.G. (Pl. ÚS 52/23), the Czech Constitutional Court (CCC) addressed the pressing issue of trans persons’ rights, more specifically the requirements for legal gender reassignment, involving (often involuntary) sterilisation and castration. When compared to the earlier decision in T.H. (Pl. ÚS 2/20), the new ruling represents a major shift. In fact, the CCC changed its legal position by 180 degrees, giving preference to protecting individual rights over deferring to the legislator’s choices.
Direct observation of charge density and electronic polarization in fluorite ferroelectrics by 4D-STEM
Authors: Wang Shiyu , Li Xinyan , Jia Yunzhe , Xiong Hao , Lin Ting , Ji Pengxiang , Shang Tongtong , Zhong Hai , Chen Xiao , Ge Chen , Meng Sheng , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin
Published: May 2024

The fluorite ferroelectrics is extremely promising for memory applications due to the silicon compatibility and the robust ferroelectricity with decreasing size. However, the direct observation of local electronic polarization remains elusive, thereby hindering the comprehension of the atomic-scale origin of ferroelectricity. Here, we directly map the real-space charge density of the ZrO2 nanocrystal in its polar, nonpolar, as well as interphase regions with sub-Ångström resolution by four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM). Based on the variation of the electric dipole moments, we analyze the electronic contribution to the total spontaneous polarization, which reaches a maximum of 17.8%. In comparison to the continuous polarization in conventional ferroelectric units, the local polarization profile looks like a maple leaf edge at the tetragonal-orthorhombic phase interface, which suggests a gradual increase in the electronic polarization and the covalent nature of the Zr-O bond. We validate these findings with 4D-STEM simulations and calculations based on density functional theory. These findings provide atomic insights into the bonding nature and phase transition feature in fluorite oxides, and unravel the likely origin of ferroelectricity in ferroelectrics.
Developing a contextualized card game to enhance productive skills in the English as a foreign language classroom
Authors:   Universidad Adventista de Chile, Vega-Abarzúa Jessica , Guerra Budini Valeria , Benavente Rubio Camila
Published: May 2024

Aim: This study outlines the development of a contextualized card game aimed at enhancing productive skills for English as a foreign language (EFL) students in Ñuble, Chile. Recognizing the importance of contextualization in language learning, the researchers designed a game centered around iconic places of Ñuble to address the challenges of accessing meaningful language-learning materials. Methodology: The process was developed in four distinct phases: planning, curricular alignment, designing, and socialization. Each phase contributed to refining the instructional material, culminating in a set of 14 cards. These cards served as an avenue to explore the insights from three groups of participants – learners, teachers, and academics – and to identify the game's effectiveness in enhancing productive skills. Results: Findings indicate positive appraisals on the game's contextualization, showing a potential to motivate learners towards English language learning. Participants also recognized the game's flexible use in the EFL classroom and acknowledged its effectiveness in strengthening oral and written tasks. Conclusion: This initiative represents an innovative approach to leveraging local contexts for engaging language learning tools. Future research can build upon these findings to explore the effects of similar instructional materials in diverse educational settings.
inteligencia como instrumento de la ciencia frente a los retos actuales a la defensa y la seguridad
Authors: Baralt Blanco, ERD Coronel Nelton
Published: May 2024

La Inteligencia involucra algunas discusiones a partir de su propia definición, tomada tanto por el origen de la voz en latín: inteligere, la cual es un término compuesto por inte (entre) y legere (leer o escoger) por lo que es asociado etimo­lógicamente como: “Saber escoger o elegir”.
Por otro lado es asociado a la búsqueda de información enfrentada a otra que es mejor aceptada por los que trabajan en esta rama, como una actividad, ciencia o arte que propende a la búsqueda del conocimiento. Todo esto es enfrentado en cierta manera con el concepto militar, que se basa en la búsqueda de informacio­nes que le permitan prever las acciones de una amenaza real o potencial.
Como resultado del fin de la Guerra Fría, se ha asociado el concepto y la labor que realizan las agencias de inteligencia, con organismos al servicio del Estado que en base a sus capacidades y recursos además de la imposición por la fuer­za, que hacen posible la existencia de estructuras represivas, bajo control estatal para enfrentar a sus opositores.
Aun con el surgimiento de las denominadas nuevas amenazas, esta vincula­ción político militar no ha podido ser erradicada, salvo en los casos de que la educación profesional de civiles y militares en universidades, ha permitido que muchos se integren a esta actividad y que por demás, estos organismos tengan acceso a diferentes sectores políticos, sociales, culturales, económicos, comuni­caciones y tecnología.
La inteligencia no puede seguir siendo vista desde esa definición obsoleta, sino que debe ser abordada desde tres perspectivas: Que persigue, Que medios dis­pones y a Quien le sirve, por lo que el denominado Ciclo de inteligencia, ya no responde con su pragmatismo a la celeridad con que ocurren los fenómenos.
No se trata únicamente de saber las cosas y a tiempo, se trata de prever con nues­tras capacidades y responder antes de que las amenazas actúen o puedan dar sus primeros pasos y mantener la iniciativa.
Redes sociales: termómetro del diálogo compartido para la comunicación del riesgo y la seguridad en emergencias
Authors: Sánchez Ceinett
Published: May 2024

Las redes sociales han provocado un cambio radical en el mundo sobre la forma de compartir información y hoy día, no son pocas las instituciones responsables de garantizar la seguridad de los Estados y gestionar los riesgos de sus habitantes aprovechando su uso en emergencias y desastres.
El aprovechamiento de estas tecnologías de la información y comunicaciones se ha extendido también a países de Latinoamérica y del Caribe, incluyendo a la República Dominicana. Aunque de forma tímida y aislada se comienza a comprender que son herramientas funcionales para detectar necesidades, coordinar acciones en medio de crisis y evaluar resultados post-desastres de una forma ciber-colectiva.
Las instituciones que componen el Sistema Nacional de Prevención, Mitigación y Respuesta ante desastres en la República Dominicana y cuyo funcionamiento en emergencias están regidas bajo la Ley 147-02, tendrían la potencial oportunidad de gestionar la seguridad y el riesgo del Estado, también en los entornos virtuales aprovechando romper con el prejuicio de que las brechas digitales existen por el analfabetismo que impera en los países en vías de desarrollo.
Al revisar la Estrategia Nacional de Desarrollo 2030 como doctrina del Estado dominicano en el largo plazo, su cuarto eje estratégico contempla la intención de alcanzar para sus habitantes los resultados de una eficaz gestión de riesgos y minimizar pérdidas humanas, económicas y ambientales a partir de la activa participación de las comunidades y gobiernos locales, la reducción al máximo posible de los daños y la posibilidad de recuperación rápida y sostenible de las áreas o poblaciones afectadas.
Enfoque de gestión de riesgos en el contexto de los cuerpos especializados de seguridad de las fuerzas armadas de república dominicana
Authors: Quezada Pérez Rafael A.
Published: May 2024

Se plantea la posibilidad de que puede ser implementado el enfoque de gestión de ries-gos, como piedra angular de sustentación a la prevención y protección en los Cuerpos Especializados de Seguridad de las Fuerzas Armadas dominicanas, debido a que sus esquemas operativos posiblemente cimentados en planteamientos reactivos, rutina-rios e improvisados, en muchos casos, han tenido que transformarse de manera drás-tica en esquemas fundamentados en análisis preventivos de las amenazas emergentes, para intentar evitar o mitigar los riesgos latentes; en tal virtud, se hace imperativa la necesidad de crear mecanismos de acción que gestionen conflictos sociales y preven-gan catástrofes naturales, de donde aflora esta metodología multidisciplinaria.
Innovación y revolución en los asuntos militares: una perspectiva no convencional
Authors: Jordán Javier
Published: May 2024

Este artículo pone en relación los conceptos de innovación militar y revolución en los asuntos militares. Retoma el debate desarrollado años atrás sobre la existencia o no de una revolución actual en los asuntos militares. El autor considera que sí estamos en el inicio de una revolución en los asuntos militares pero de carácter no convencional, adaptada a la lucha contra grupos insurgentes.
botas y el terreno: el debate abierto sobre las intervenciones militares
Authors: Fuentes Cobo, Ejército de España Coronel de Artillería Ignacio
Published: May 2024

Tras décadas de conflictos desde el final de la 2ª Guerra Mundial, el debate de las “botas sobre el terreno”, sigue estando abierto sin que exista una preferencia clara por la op­ción de las intervenciones militares externas, o por la delegación de la responsabilidad de las operaciones en las fuerzas locales. Los escenarios actuales muestran una nueva dimensión de la guerra caracterizada por conflictos que se perpetúan en el tiempo y en los que resulta muy difícil lograr la victoria. De ahí que, en unos momentos en los que las concepciones geopolíticas más realistas parecen imponerse en extensas zonas del mundo y en los que la tecnología asociada a la globalización ha conferido a la gue­rra un poder destructor impensable en otras épocas, resulta más necesario que nunca solucionar acertadamente este debate, si queremos evitar que los conflictos actuales y los que surjan en el futuro se conviertan en irresolubles.
Innovaciones tecnológicas aplicadas a la seguridad y defensa
Authors: Valenzuela Martinez, ERD Coronel José
Published: May 2024

El mundo moderno, cada vez con mayor ímpetu, demanda de las instituciones su adecuación a los avances e innovaciones, con la finalidad de poder hacer frente a las complejidades fruto del desarrollo y el progreso, en todos los órdenes. En este escenario están incluidas las instituciones militares de República Dominicana, llamadas por la Constitución política, a desempeñar roles específico frente a la sociedad, en el orden de la seguridad y defensa. Para la materialización de dichos roles, las instituciones, como las Fuerzas Armadas, la Policía Nacional y otras agencias que producen inteligencia para el Estado dominicano, están obligadas a incluir dentro de sus instrumentos y protocolos de trabajo, los elementos propios de las innovaciones tecnológicas. Éstas últimas se constituyen en los principales aliados como herramientas para el desarrollo de actividades y cumplimiento del deber.
seguridad de la información: Desde la antigüedad hasta el Internet de las cosas
Authors: Lizardo Galvá Dr. Reyson
Published: May 2024

Con la invención de la escritura, las antiguas civilizaciones encontraron la necesidad de proteger valiosas informaciones de no caer en las manos equivocadas, sea para garantizar el éxito en la guerra o en el comercio. La era de las computadoras trajo la necesidad de sofisticar los mecanismos de protección de esas informaciones, ahora resguardadas en medios informáticos, y con el advenimiento de la 4ta. Revolución Industrial y el Internet de las Cosas (IoT), el volumen de datos viajando por el ciberespacio lo que ha hecho es aumentar los riesgos y vulnerabilidades por lo que la Ciberseguridad ha emergido como un aspecto, no solo deseable o saludable, sino como imprescindible para construir la Sociedad de la Información y el Conocimiento.
Fuerzas armadas y sociedad: Algunos antecedentes, nuevos enfoques y desafíos
Authors: Piuzzi Cabrera, Ejército de Chile General de División(r) José Miguel
Published: May 2024

A pesar de los estudios e investigaciones que año a año se divulgan sobre el tema de “Fuerzas Armadas y Sociedad”, en la actualidad su conocimiento sigue siendo muy limi­tado, en particular, en Latinoamérica. Ello es algo preo­cupante si se tienen en consideración los cambios sociales y culturales que se han vivido en las últimas décadas, sobre todo, las repercusiones que en el presente tiene lo social en el quehacer militar, no sólo en el plano organizacional, sino que también en sus dimensiones de profesión, de institución y como grupo social. Bajo este prisma, el presente artículo intenta entregar algunos antecedentes sobre la evolución que han seguido estos estudios desde la II Guerra Mundial, y a partir de ello, trata de esbozar algunas ideas respecto a los nuevos enfoques y desafíos que se pueden deducir de las investigaciones más recientes. Así, junto con resaltar la importancia de este tema, se busca estimular su profundización por parte de quienes trabajan en el área de la defensa, y muy en especial, por los futuros líderes militares.
Situaciones anómalas de ejecución en el sistema penitenciario militar español
Authors: Serrano Patiño Juan Victorio
Published: May 2024

En ocasiones una condena a penas de prisión no puede ejecutarse en sus justos términos, bien porque el condenado presenta una demencia sobrevenida bien porque procede sustituir la indicada pena de prisión por una medida de seguridad ante su falta de discernimiento, presentando todo ello ciertas particularidades en el ámbito militar.
Aproximación al delito de revelación de secretos e informaciones relativas a la seguridad y defensa nacional en el código penal militar español
Authors: Rodríguez Santisteban,  Ejército de Tierra Español José A.
Published: May 2024

El presente artículo pretende ser una aproximación al delito (s) de revelación de secretos e informaciones relativas a la Seguridad y la Defensa Nacional, teniendo en cuenta la complejidad de la técnica legislativa española respecto a los delitos militares recogidos en el código penal castrense. Por eso, el autor se centra en las especialidades militares sin entrar a analizar, aunque sí que lo recoge, lo dispuesto en las normas comunes de las que se sirve el derecho penal militar para alcanzar la pretendida complementariedad del mismo en el sistema penal español. La especialidad del delito se centra en el sujeto activo (el militar) y su mayor reproche penal si realiza las acciones previstas en la norma como consecuencia de ser un servidor público especial.
Dinámica institucionalista en cooperación y seguridad: Hoja de ruta (2007-2017) y progresiones en la zona fronteriza Colombo-Ecuatoriana (2017-2023)
Authors: Ganuza Dra. Mg. Carina
Published: May 2024

La zona fronteriza colombo ecuatoriana se constituyó en la matriz política de cooperación de las dinámicas institucionalistas, desarrolladas con mayor y menor influjo por los gobiernos (2007-2023); quienes avanzaron lentamente en la solución de problemáticas domésticas propias subyacentes y de seguridad, desigualdad como comercio internacional. Este estudio pretende ponderar su estudio y acercarse a una comprensión global desde una mirada analítica y holística, pese a su complejidad.
Drought stress effects on Lathyrus seedlings: A morpho-physiological and molecular study
Authors: Rajul Gupta  , Shubham Kumar  , Deepmala Jain  , Ravi Prakash Saini  , Hanamant M Halli  , Vijay Kumar Yadav  , Awnindra Kumar Singh  , Maharishi Tomar  , Prabha Singh
Published: May 2024

The experiment aimed to investigate the impact of polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatments, specifically 0% (control), 15% (PEG-I), and 20% (PEG-II), on various seed quality traits, proline content, and morpho-physiological traits at both the seed (9 days) and seedling stage (18 days) in five Lathyrus genotypes and to relate the ISSR markers based molecular characterization of these genotypes osmotic stress. The results unveiled substantial phenotypic and molecular diversity among the accessions concerning morpho-physiological and seed quality traits. Ratan variety exhibited promise as it demonstrated a higher germination percentage (G%) at 62.78±2.42% for PEG-I and 13.33±0.10% for PEG-II, along with a lower mean germination time (MGT) of 3.80±0.071 days for PEG-I and 7.33±0.16 days for PEG-II. P-24 showcased the highest seed vigour index-I (SVI-I) at 872.06±27.02 for PEG-I, whereas Nirmal recorded the highest SVI-I at 80.03±8.53 for PEG-II. Notably, Nirmal displayed the lowest proline content, expressed as μmol per gram of fresh weight (52.45±6.27 units for PEG-I and 111.37±4.75 units for PEG-II) at the seed stage. For the seedling stage, Ratan exhibited the lowest proline content, expressed as μmol per gram of fresh weight (14.18±1.09 units for PEG-I and 10.67±0.851 units for PEG-II). Prateek demonstrated higher seedling length (42.00±1.44 cm for PEG-I and 45.88±0.30 cm for PEG-II), as well as root length (14.11±0.84 cm for PEG-I and 21.29±1.59 cm). Principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted that the most influential variables contributing to the highest variability in the PCA included SVI-I, MGT, and seedling length. Molecular characterization employing ISSR markers resulted in three clusters: CI (Ratan), CII (Pusa-24 and Mahateora), and CIII (Prateek and Nirmal), based on the genetic similarity coefficient. These genotypes exhibit the potential to be recommended and utilized in breeding programs for developing drought-tolerant Lathyrus germplasm.
Productivity and profitability of chickpea as influenced by varying levels of phosphorus and bio-fertilizers under sub-tropical conditions of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Aman Parashar  , Jaidev Sharma  , Shama Parveen  , Awadhesh Kishore  , Priyanka Chand
Published: May 2024

In the present study, the influence of phosphorus and bio-fertilizers was investigated on the productivity and profitability of summer black gram. The experimental study revealed that among the phosphorus levels, the application of 50 kg P ha-1 recorded significantly the high seed (1108 Kg ha-1) and stover (2616 Kg ha-1) yield. However, among the bio-fertilizers, t h e application of phosphate solubilizing bacteria + Rhizobium resulted in the highest seed (1116 Kg ha-1) and stover yield of chickpea (2655 Kg ha-1). Application of 50 kg ha-1 phosphorus and combined treatment of phosphate solubilizing bacteria + Rhizobium incurred the highest cost of cultivation (₹ 30,421 ha-1), highest gross return (₹ 1,00,015 ha-1), net return (₹ 69,594 ha-1) and benefit-cost ratio (₹ 2.29). It can be concluded that the application of 50 kg ha-1 phosphorus and treatment of phosphate solubilizing bacteria+ Rhizobium in chickpea cultivation may be profitable.
Effect of phosphorus levels and bio-fertilizers on nutrient uptake, quality and yield of chickpea under sub-tropical conditions of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Aman Parashar  , Shama Parveen  , Jaidev Sharma  , Awdhesh Kishore  , Pradeep Kumar Kanaujiya
Published: May 2024

In the present investigation, the effect of phosphorus (P) levels and biofertilizers on nutrient uptake, quality and yield of chickpea was studied over two years during Rabi 2021–22 and 2022–23. The study revealed significantly higher uptake of N, P and potassium (K) by seed and stover, higher protein content, grain, and stover yield on the application of 50 kg ha-1 P. Similarly application of 50 kg ha-1 P along with bio-fertilizers (PSB + Rhizobium) also showed higher N, P and K uptake by seed and stover, higher protein content and protein yield, grain and stover yield and this combination was identified the most promising treatment for enhancing chickpea yield.
Enhancing chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production through front-line demonstration in sub mountainous region of Punjab, India
Authors: Seema Sharma  , Narinder Deep Singh
Published: May 2024

In the present study, 38 frontline demonstrations (FLDs) on chickpea variety (PBG-7) were conducted in an area of 15 ha during Rabi 2021-22 and 2022-23 for demonstrating improved cultivation technologies to the farmers. Results of front-line demonstrations showed that the cultivation practices comprised under FLDs viz., use of improved varieties, optimum seed rate, balanced application of fertilizers, line sowing, timely management of weeds, insects and disease, produced grain yield of 13.2 q ha-1 and 13.1q ha-1 during Rabi 2021-22 and 2022-23 respectively which was 53.8% higher as compared to the prevailing farmers practice. The findings of the study showed that the technology gap for chickpea was 6.8 q ha-1 and 6.9 q ha-1 during Rabi 2021-22 and 2022-23 with an average of 6.85 q ha-1 over the two years. The technology index was 34.0 and 34.5 percent during Rabi 2021-22 and 2022-23, respectively with a mean value of 34.2%. The extension gap was 4.5 q ha-1 and 4.7 q ha-1 for the years 2021 and 2022 with the average value of 4.6 q ha-1 over the two years. The data reported that the technology demonstrated fetched more average gross returns (Rs. 92,050 ha-1), net return (Rs. 70,050 ha-1) and B:C ratio (4.1) over two years compared to farmers practice. On the other hand, under farmers’ practice, the average gross returns was Rs. 59,850 ha-1, average net profit to the tune was Rs. 37,250 ha-1 and the average B: C ratio was 2.6 over two years.
Importance of NATO enhanced Forward Presence for security of Poland and Baltic states
Authors: Motacki Krzysztof Dariusz
Published: May 2024

Streszczenie

Zasadniczym celem NATO jest zagwarantowanie wolności i bezpieczeństwa wszystkim swoim członkom, środkami politycznymi i militarnymi. Podczas zimnej wojny miało ono chronić, przed niebezpieczeństwami pochodzącymi ze Związku Sowieckiego. Po upadku komunizmu, sytuacja uległa zmianie i groźba dużej wojny w Europie przestała istnieć. W kolejnych latach NATO zaangażowało się w operacje poza obszarem traktatowym. Rosyjska aneksja Krymu, wojna w Donbasie i agresja przeciwko Ukrainie w 2022 r. zmieniły środowisko bezpieczeństwa w Europie. Musiano wrócić do obrony kolektywnej. Państwa NATO, szczególnie Polska i kraje bałtyckie zaczęły podejmować działania, mające na celu zwiększenie bezpieczeństwa wschodniej flanki sojuszu. Miało to swoje odbicie w decyzjach podejmowanych podczas kolejnych szczytów NATO, poczynając od szczytu w Walii w 2014 r. Dwa lata później, podczas szczytu w Warszawie, w 2016 r. zaakceptowano inicjatywę wzmocnionej Wysuniętej Obecności – eFP. Cztery wielonarodowe, batalionowe grupy bojowe zostały rozmieszczone w Estonii, na Łotwie, Litwie i w Polsce. Dodatkowo w Polsce sformowano dowództwo Wielonarodowej Dywizji Północny Wschód – MND NE. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia historię powstania eFP, teraźniejszość i perspektywy.

Cel i metody badawcze

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie genezy, teraźniejszości i perspektyw wzmocnionej Wysuniętej Obecności NATO. Główna teza jest następująca – wzmocniona Wysunięta Obecność odgrywa istotną rolę w odstraszaniu, w domenie lądowej, na wschodniej flance NATO. W procesie badawczym wykorzystano takie metody, jak: analiza literatury i dostępnych dokumentów, a przede wszystkim obserwacja uczestnicząca Autora, który był odpowiedzialny za formowanie, a następnie dowodzenie Wielonarodową Dywizją Północny Wschód.

Wnioski / rekomendacje

Zabiegając o potencjał NATO, należy rozpocząć od realizacji istniejących zobowiązań dotyczących rozwoju sił eFP. Pierwszym etapem powinno być, rozwinięcie batalionowych grup bojowych do poziomu brygady. Na początku mogłyby one stacjonować na zasadzie rotacji, jak dotychczas. Jeżeli brygady zachowają swój wielonarodowy charakter jest istotne, aby tworzące je moduły bojowe (bataliony, dywizjony, samodzielne kompanie) były z jednego państwa.
Przygotowując brygady, należy równolegle przygotowywać jednostki dywizyjne (np. pułki artylerii, przeciwlotnicze, logistyczne, bataliony rozpoznawcze, saperów, i inne oddziały rodzajów wojsk). Optymalnym rozwiązaniem byłoby ich stacjonowanie w krajach bałtyckich i Polsce. . Jeżeli będą przebywać w macierzystych państwach, powinny być przygotowane i przećwiczone plany ich szybkiego przerzutu do rejonów operacyjnego przeznaczenia. Stanem docelowym, w pierwszym etapie, powinno być funkcjonowanie, co najmniej dwu, w pełni rozwiniętych dywizji NATO.
Workshop Pattern of Drawing on Novel, Repetation of Lines and Color, Strength of Bamboo's Flexibility
Authors: Sujana I Wayan
Published: May 2024

The purpose of writing 'The Patterns of Wayan Sujana Suklu's Art Workshop' is in an effort to bring the artistic arts that have been designed by the author into the midst of society. The tendency of today's society to want art activities as an effort to meet the needs of self-actualization, and to feel the art process. The forms of art workshops that are typical of the medium and applied aspects are important both practically and theoretically. Why is it necessary to write an art workshop, what are the forms and stages of the art workshop process, then the experience gained from the art workshop process, these three things become topics in writing. Supporting theories and concepts include Nicolas Bourriaud's Relational Aesthetics and the formal principles of art by De Witt H. Parker. In this paper, three patterns of art workshops are presented, namely: Line and Color Repetition, Drawing on Novel, Bamboo Flaxi and Strong.
Gender Representation in the Gwangju Democracy Movement (Gwangju Uprising): A Discussion of the Films A Taxi Driver (2017) and A Petal (1996)
Authors: Jorge Marina Soler , Andrade Júlia Santos
Published: May 2024

Between 18 and 27 May 1980, South Korea witnessed what became known as the Gwangju Democracy Movement or the Gwangju Uprising. On this occasion, South Korean citizens, especially young people belonging to the student movement, took to the streets of the city demanding democracy and were violently repressed by the government, resulting in a death toll that is still unknown today. This paper aims to analyze two films that deal with the Gwangju Democracy Movement, A Taxi Driver (Hun Jang, 2017) and A Petal (Jang Sun-woo, 1996), focusing mainly on gender issues as the two films differ in this regard: A Taxi Driver has a story centered on male characters and brotherhood between men, while A Petal has as its protagonist a girl who is the victim of various forms of violence as a result of the Gwangju Uprising. We will try to show that the films construct a masculinist representation of the Gwangju Democracy Movement, even when they use female characters. The methodology used is based on Pierre Sorlin's sociology of cinema.
Enhancing Readability of Online Patient-Facing Content: The Role of AI Chatbots in Improving Cancer Information Accessibility
Authors: Abreu Andres A. , Murimwa Gilbert Z. , Farah Emile , Stewart James W. , Zhang Lucia , Rodriguez Jonathan , Sweetenham John , Zeh Herbert J. , Wang Sam C. , Polanco Patricio M.
Published: May 2024

Background: Internet-based health education is increasingly vital in patient care. However, the readability of online information often exceeds the average reading level of the US population, limiting accessibility and comprehension. This study investigates the use of chatbot artificial intelligence to improve the readability of cancer-related patient-facing content. Methods: We used ChatGPT 4.0 to rewrite content about breast, colon, lung, prostate, and pancreas cancer across 34 websites associated with NCCN Member Institutions. Readability was analyzed using Fry Readability Score, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning Fog Index, and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook. The primary outcome was the mean readability score for the original and artificial intelligence (AI)–generated content. As secondary outcomes, we assessed the accuracy, similarity, and quality using F1 scores, cosine similarity scores, and section 2 of the DISCERN instrument, respectively. Results: The mean readability level across the 34 websites was equivalent to a university freshman level (grade 13±1.5). However, after ChatGPT’s intervention, the AI-generated outputs had a mean readability score equivalent to a high school freshman education level (grade 9±0.8). The overall F1 score for the rewritten content was 0.87, the precision score was 0.934, and the recall score was 0.814. Compared with their original counterparts, the AI-rewritten content had a cosine similarity score of 0.915 (95% CI, 0.908–0.922). The improved readability was attributed to simpler words and shorter sentences. The mean DISCERN score of the random sample of AI-generated content was equivalent to “good” (28.5±5), with no significant differences compared with their original counterparts. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the potential of AI chatbots to improve the readability of patient-facing content while maintaining content quality. The decrease in requisite literacy after AI revision emphasizes the potential of this technology to reduce health care disparities caused by a mismatch between educational resources available to a patient and their health literacy.
Digitally Enhanced Business Pedagogy: The Evolution and Implications of Digital Business Presentations inHigher Education Institutions
Authors:   Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomii i Informatyki w Krakowie, Ćwiertniak Ryszard
Published: May 2024

The article assesses the importance of the Digital Business Presentations (DBP) in science and teaching in the context of contemporary communication, dominated by the digital approach, not only in the field of analysis, but also in the visualization of information. In an era when we increasingly use computer tools (programs and applications) and appreciate short but interesting content, digital presentations have become important for both business and science. Using various methods and techniques, the DBP allows the presentation of complicated ideas in an uncomplicated way. They usually last from 3 to 10 minutes and focus on the essence of the concept of a new solution and its business application. The main aim of the article is to review and propose new tools that enable students to practically present their ideas related to various subjects, such as Entrepreneurship, Logistics, Marketing etc. The article also shows some trends in communication, where knowledge of the basic values and principles of the DBP affects the way we currently present innovative ideas on the discussion forum in business.