bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The contribution of plyometric exercises assisted by sensory technology on vertical jump parameters in U15 female volleyball players
Authors: Grădinaru Liviu , Mergheș Petru , Oravițan Mihaela
Published: April 2024

Background and Study Aim. Volleyball requires high vertical jump skills for crucial actions like attacking and blocking, making jump training a focus for players, especially in youth categories. The main goal of the study was to highlight (with some specific data) the strengths and weaknesses of integrating sensory technology into the physical training program, during the entire competitive period.
Material and Methods. The study included both an experimental and a control group, each consisting of 16 female athletes from the volleyball section of the Cetate Sports High School in Deva. During the competitive season of 2022/2023, both groups underwent daily training sessions from Monday to Saturday, totaling 120 minutes per day. The BlazePod Flash Reflex Training system was employed in this research. It integrates cognitive training to enhance thinking speed and clarity with physical exercises aimed at maximizing motor skills. Performance evaluations of the athletes utilized eight predefined tests from the OptoJump Next optical measuring system and the Myotest accelerometric system. To analyze the data, paired (dependent) sample t-tests were conducted to compare average parameters between matched samples. Repeated measures ANOVA was utilized to compare the average outcomes, ensuring the participants were consistent across the evaluated conditions.
Results. The experimental group showed significant improvements in the height reached from the center of gravity and flight time for the following tests: Countermovement Jump, Countermovement Jump with Arm Swing, Squat Jump, Squat Jump with Arm Swing, and Drop Jump from 30 cm. All improvements reached statistical significance: p<0.05. Significant enhancements were also observed in average jump height, jump power, force of jumps, and ascensional speed, demonstrating statistical significance (p<0.05). Furthermore, the use of an arm swing during jumps notably improved performance compared to when jumps were performed with hands on hips. This indicates that an arm swing can significantly increase the height of the vertical jump (p<0.05).
Conclusions. The study confirms that the integration of sensory technology into the training programs for junior volleyball teams is effective in enhancing training outcomes. This approach not only improves the vertical jump capabilities of young athletes but also positively affects their ability to perform technical moves that require elevation from the ground. It underscores the potential of innovative training methods in advancing athletic performance in youth sports.
A Study of Characteristics of Musculoskeletal Injury in Female Elite Junior Golfers
Authors: Kim Kwang-Jun , Yoon Dong Hyun
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the group differences in musculoskeletal injury and rehabilitation and physical exercise according to the level of handicap for female elite amateur golfers.METHODS We sampled 191 female golfers (mean age 17.61, SD=1.50) and examined individual and golf-specific characteristics, and medical history. Subgroups with different handicaps (<0, 0–3, 4-6, 7-9, >10) were compared using one-way analysis of variance and frequency analysis tests.RESULTS In the sub-group divided by handicap level, there were significant differences between the groups in terms of career, scoring average, and greens in regulation, and in the injury-related questions, they responded in the order of muscle pain, blisters, and ligament rupture. The response rate for the body parts of injury was high in the order of wrist, lower back, and shoulder, and statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of fracture and shoulder, hand, and lower back. In the questionnaire on warm-up, stretching and practice swing showed significant differences between groups, and cool-down exercise showed significant differences only in practice swing. Finally, Fitness training time showed a significant difference between groups.CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the purpose of this study is to provide data for understanding golf injury and prevention of injury, and the results of this study can help inform further research on preventing injuries in golfers' most frequent injury areas and further establishing injury prevention management strategies.
Differences on Thigh Muscles' Activity by Types of Squat
Authors: Cho Seong-Jun , Han Mi-Ock , Choi Eun-Hye , Siripatrawan Jirakit , Jun Hyung-pil
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES Thigh strength has many features in our life. Many people perform vary squat types to stimulate different thigh muscles. However, there is a lack of information on which squat is the most effective on targeted muscles. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare thigh muscles’ activity by squat types and suggest the correct squat for strengthening thigh.METHODS Total of 20 men and women (age: 23.9±1.5yrs, height: 173.3±6.6cm, weight: 75.1±13.2kg, BMI: 24.9±3.1kg/m2) who had no musculoskeletal pathologies within last one year, and had weight training experience for more than 1 year were participated. Squat types were classified into standard (SS), narrow (NS), wide (WS), jump (JS), and Smith machine squats (SMS). Surface electromyography was used to collect the muscle activity of the thigh during three repetitions of each squat without weights. Time points during squat are defined as follows: E1 (start), E2 (maximum knee flexion, MKF), E3 (returned), P1 (from start to MKF), and P2 (from MKF to return). Repeated measured ANOVA was used to verify differences in lower limb muscle activity between squat types.RESULTS At the E2, significant differences were found in RF (p=.00) and ST (p=.00). In the P1, significant differences were found in RF (p=.00), VL (p=.00), and BF (p=.02). In the P2, significant differences were found in RF (p=.00), VM (p=.00), and ST (p=.01).CONCLUSIONS For more activity of both quadriceps and hamstrings, plyometric-based JS is the most effective squat, but by considering the performer's lack of exercise experience, postural control may not be performed correctly which may lead to injury. In addition, stable squat using the Smith machine should be considered and the intensity, number of repetitions, and weight should be carefully set according to type of squat.
Analysis of Body Composition and Physical Fitness Variables of Korean Middle School Students: National Fitness Award (2018-2022)
Authors: Yoon Dong Hyun , Kim Kwang-Jun
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to analyze the trend of yearly changes in adolescent body composition and health-related physical fitness variables using National Fitness Award.METHODS We sampled 209.924 adolescents (age: 13.99 ± 0.85) and investigated their body composition, muscle strength, and cardiopulmonary function. Subgroups by year (2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022) were compared using one-way analysis of variance and frequency analysis tests.RESULTS In the subgroup classified by year, there were significant differences between groups in height, BMI, and gender, and there were significant differences between groups in relative grip strength, 20m PACER, and maximal oxygen consumption.CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study presents changes in body composition, muscle strength, and cardiopulmonary function by year as basic data to help understand adolescents' health conditions, and it is expected to provide data that can have a positive impact for future use as clinical and public health information.
Anatomy of stem lesions caused by Citrus leprosis
Authors: Marques João Paulo Rodrigues , Kitajima Elliot Watanabe , Appezzato-da-Glória Beatriz
Published: April 2024

Abstract The citrus leprosis is responsible for causing major damage in fruit production. The disease, in the stems, is characterized by caused “scaly bark” lesions of reddish tone, depending on the stage they can be called blisters and make ruptures in the longitudinal direction. The aim of this study was to analyze the evolution of leprosis lesions of type CiLV-C and the anatomical alterations in the twigs of field-collected plants in order to compare to the evolution of the foliar and twigs lesions of inoculated plants already described in literature. For anatomical analysis, the samples were fixed in Karnovsky solution, dehydrated in a graded ethylic series, embedded in hidroxy-ethyl methacrylate resin (Leica Historesin), sectioned (5-7 μm thick), and stained with Toluidine blue for usual histological analysis. Histochemical tests were also carried out. The digital images were capture in a microscope with video camera. The analyzed lesion followed the same pattern as described to foliar lesions, i.e., there was a necrotic center surrounded by a halo also necrotic. In the necrotic region there was the accumulation of lipid compounds. The cortical and, or phloematic parenchyma exhibited hyperplasia. In both lesions it was verified the decrease of starch amount and the increase of quantity of prismatic calcium oxalate crystals, and the presence of gummosis traumatic ducts.
Reading Marvell with John Aubrey (and occasionally Anthony Wood)
Authors: Avery Jack
Published: April 2024

This paper explores how the recent critical reassessment of the biographer and antiquarian John Aubrey (1626–97) and the increasing availability of his writings can reveal new perspectives on Marvell’s early reception. Aubrey read all available instances of Marvell’s writing and studied them carefully and incisively, but criticism has not yet examined his engagement with Marvell as a comprehensive whole. This reveals that his primary interest was in data gathering: I use Aubrey’s letters, unpublished research manuscripts, and his biographical study Brief Lives, alongside the papers of his friend and collaborator Anthony Wood, to demonstrate how Marvell’s verse and prose were recognized as a valuable source for antiquarian and biographical research by early readers. For example, Aubrey emphasizes the importance of Marvell’s often neglected epitaphs. Aubrey also recognized that there were potential limitations for researchers using Marvell’s writing, not least his tendency to “severe” representations of his subjects. This severity could also endanger readers themselves, and I show how Aubrey and Wood tried to counteract accusations in the 1690s that they had shared the “Advice to a Painter” satires. This case demonstrates how the printed editions of the 1660s continued to possess an exceptional reputation for sedition which could be reactivated at moments of heightened political tension, and which far outstripped their actual content.
A mathematical mould model for transient infiltration and lubrication behaviour of slag in a steel continuous casting process
Authors: Cao M-H. , Yu B. , Zhou C. , Zhang X-Z.
Published: April 2024

The transient infiltration and lubrication behaviour of slag during continuous casting of steel is important for billet quality. A two-dimensional coupled mathematical mould model was developed to investigate these phenomena. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the calculated slag consumption with measurements by the plant. The results show that the liquid slag is consumed from the middle and late period of positive strip time to the next early period of positive strip time, including the entire negative strip time. The maximum downward infiltration velocity and positive pressure in the slag channel is at the middle of the negative strip time. Increasing the positive pressure of the slag channel is conducive to lubrication. The shear stresses acting on the shell surface and at the mould side were determined by the lubrication slag consumption and total slag consumption, respectively, and gradually decreased with increasing slag consumption. The negative strip time was lengthened to increase the slag consumption and prolong the time near the maximum downward shear stress, so as to be conducive to the demould.
Numerical simulation of the electromagnetic field in the secondary cooling zone of arc-shaped slabs
Authors: Yang B. , Ren Y.
Published: April 2024

The magnetic field characteristics due to electromagnetic stirring in the secondary cooling zone of an extra-thick slab during continuous casting are numerically determined using Maxwell's equations, with particular emphasis on the distribution of magnetic induction intensity and electromagnetic force, as well as the influence of process parameters on the magnetic field. The orientation of the electromagnetic force is the same when the electromagnetic stirrers at the 30° and 60° posistions of the arc-shaped slab are powered in the same direction; otherwise, the orientation is opposite. The magnetic induction at the centre of the section of the stirrer's central axis at the 30° positio, as well as the current, frequency, and fitting formulae, are as follows: B = {0.075I(1/A)-0.3} mT and B = {-1.75f(1/Hz)+22} mT. The electromagnetic force and current fitting formula at the central point of the B-B section is F = {0.03168I2(1/A2)-03.762I(1/A)+326.7} N/m3, and the fitting formula of electromagnetic force and frequency at the centre point is divided into two segments. The first takes the form of a parabola: = {-21((f-4.3)-(1/Hz)2)+970} N/m3, and the second segment is negative linear: F = {-1.65f(1/Hz)+51.5} N/m3.
Pravila Društva za tjelovježbu Hrvatski sokol u Čazmi
Authors: Junger Marina
Published: April 2024

Društva za tjelovježbu u Hrvatskoj se osnivaju od kraja 19. stoljeća, točnije, od 1874, kada je osnovano prvo sokolsko društvo u Zagrebu. Uz osnivanje društva potrebno je donijeti pravila po kojima bi ono funkcioniralo. No, samo manji je broj pravila sačuvan. U ovom su članku prvi put objavljena Pravila Društva za tjelovježbu Hrvatski sokol u Čazmi. Napisana su 1912, a potvrđena 21. siječnja 1913. od strane Kraljevske hrvatsko-slavonsko-dalmatinske zemaljske vlade, Odjela za unutarnje poslove u Zagrebu.
Jugoslavenske državne ideje među Slovencima u 1918.
Authors: Ivašković Igor
Published: April 2024

U članku se analizira razvoj jugoslavenskih vizija u Slovenaca u periodu od početka 1918. do 1. prosinca iste godine, kada je stvorena Kraljevina Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca (Kraljevina SHS). To je, naime, razdoblje u kojem se Slovenska pučka stranka (SLS) postupno odriče koncepta Svibanjske deklaracije i uključivanja slovenskih teritorija u južnoslavensku jedinicu unutar Habsburške Monarhije, a potom prihvaća i koncept sjedinjenja sa Srbijom. Unatoč naizgled kohezivnom djelovanju Slovenaca, posebice onim između dominantnih struja slovenskih konzervativaca i liberala, različite su polove slovenske političke scene ipak razdvajale značajne ideološke razlike, koje su se reflektirale i na temeljne geopolitičke parametre zamišljene države. Pored toga su i unutar pojedinih struja postojali pojedinci ili stranački disidenti koji su razvijali alternativne jugoslavenske vizije, a ovaj članak prikazuje dvije od njih, ideju Ivana Šusteršiča i viziju Dragotina Gustinčiča. Autor pritom identificira njihove razlike u odnosu prema zahtjevima iz Svibanjske deklaracije te na kraju prikazuje okolnosti koje su presudno utjecale na način slovenskog sudjelovanja u kreiranju Kraljevine SHS.
Gradsko poglavarstvo Osijeka i Holokaust
Authors: Volner Hrvoje
Published: April 2024

Rad analizira povezanost sustava lokalne samouprave s provedbom Holokausta. Ukazuje se na termin časnih prava kao karakteristike koja se u zakonodavstvu Kraljevine Jugoslavije koristila kao uvjet primitka u državljanstvo, dok je u Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj pojam nečasne osobe postao pojmom kojim su se derogirala osnovna ljudska prava Židova. Rad analizira formiranje sustava gradske vlasti u Osijeku nakon okupacije pod silama Osovina, daje neke primjere odnosa gradskih i župskih vlasti prema Židovima i njihovom vlasništva do i nakon istjerivanja u sabirni logor na Tenjskoj cesti.
Fulbright u Jugoslaviji 1964–1992.
Authors: Jakovina Tvrtko
Published: April 2024

U članku se opisuje posjet senatora Wiliama Fulbrighta SFRJ u studenome 1964. i okolnosti koje su dovele do prvog potpisivanja sporazuma o razmjeni studenata i znanstvenika, kao i način na koji je organizirana Fulbrightova komisija u SFRJ i njezin rad tijekom hladnog rata. Analiza prvih deset godina Fulbrighta u SFRJ rekonstruira se na temelju izvještaja, analiza i dokumenata jugoslavenske tajne policije koja je svoje informacije dobila suradnjom s uglednim jugoslavenskim znanstvenicima.
Soil contamination due to the use of agrochemicals in papaya (Carica papaya) crops, Picota, Peru
Authors: Espinoza Carla , Peche Jenny
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this research work was to know the contamination of the soil of papaya crops (Carica papaya), by the application of agrochemicals in the control of pests and diseases. Where soil samples were taken from 5 papaya plots (Carica papaya), 15 samples of 1 kg each of soil were extracted, followed by a plot without anthropic intervention of 3 samples to be sent to the laboratory. From the results, the agrochemicals used in papaya (Carica papaya) crops were determined, such as fire herbicides, propanil, hedonal and glyphosate; as insecticides dimethoate and aldrin; as fungicides zineb, mancozeb WP and Champion. It was found that cadmium had the highest concentration of 1.677 mg/kg, followed by lead at 13.297 mg/kg and chromium VI with its maximum concentration of 0.7833 mg/kg. The alternatives as strategies for the use of agrochemicals were catahua resin (Hura crepitans) that acts as a pesticide, cocoa honey water herbicides, solid organic fertilizers (solid chicken manure fertilizer, cattle manure compost, vermicomport, compost of pulp of coffee) and barbasco bark (Lonchpocarpus nicou). It was concluded that the soils of papaya (Carica papaya) crops are contaminated by the excessive use of agrochemicals in the control of pests, diseases, and improvement of production.
Unravelling the Relationship between External Load and the Incidence of Hamstring Injuries in Professional Soccer Players
Authors: Herazo-Sánchez Rafael Tadeo , Jiménez-Trujillo Juan Osvaldo , González-Palacio Enoc Valentín
Published: April 2024

Objectives. The study aimed to analyze external load indicators with the incidence of non-contact hamstring injuries.
Material and methods. A non-experimental correlative, retrospective cohort study was carried out. The data were collected from 31 professional male soccer players over the course of one season. The following load indicators were examined: duration (D), total distance travelled (TDT), distance travelled at high intensity (DTHI) > 20km/h, number of efforts between 20-25 km/h (NE 20-25km/h), distance travelled at more than 25km/h (DR+25km/h), number of sprints greater than 25km/h (NE > 25km/h), number of accelerations greater than 1m/s² (Acc), and number of minor decelerations at -1m/s² (Dcc). Only non-contact hamstring injuries were included in the analysis. For the multivariate analysis, we applied a logistic regression model, where a value of P < 0.05 was established both for the statistical significance of the model (X²) and for each of the regressor variables (X²), the confidence interval level was 95%.
Results. Two injuries were recorded and diagnosed: injury grade 2 and muscle fatigue. The load indicators analyzed did not show a significant correlation with hamstring injury. Therefore, no association was found between external load and hamstring injury in professional soccer players.
Conclusions. The logistic regression model (p > 0.05) did not present statistical significance. Consequently, none of the external load variables monitored explain the rate of non-contact hamstring injuries in this population.
An In-depth Analysis of Multisensory Reaction Time Disparities between Yogic and Non-Yogic Practitioners
Authors: Pramanik Tarak Nath , Rahaman Aminur , Pramanick Subrata , Chowdhuri Prasoon , Dutta Rajib
Published: April 2024

Background. Auditory and visual reaction time refers to the duration between the introduction of a sound or light and the onset of a response. It is an important aspect of human behaviour, influencing performance in various activities ranging from daily tasks to sports and emergency situations.
Objectives. The purpose of this study was to investigate reaction time (auditory and visual) as a component of skill-related fitness between male college students practicing yoga and those who do not.
Materials and methods. A total of forty male college-going students (N = 40) were randomly selected to participate in this study. Out of the total, twenty participants (n = 20) were dedicated yoga practitioners actively involved in district and state-level yoga competitions. The remaining twenty individuals (n = 20) followed a sedentary lifestyle and were not involved in yoga practices. The subjectsʼ ages ranged from 17 to 25 years, encompassing a cohort of young adults. The data pertaining to visual reaction time (VRT) and auditory reaction time (ART) was collected using an audio-visual reaction timer. Each participant performed the task thrice, and the mean score was used to indicate the experimental reaction time in milliseconds (ms). Descriptive statistics and the independent samples t-test were subsequently conducted to evaluate the significance level, with a predetermined threshold set at p < 0.05.
Results. The results showed that the comparison between VRT and ART of yoga and non-yoga practitioners revealed that for yoga practitioners, t(38) = 2.91, and p < .006, whereas for non-yoga practitioners, t(38) = 3.55, and p < .001. Regarding VRT between yogic and non-yogic practitioners, t(38) = 1.99, and p > .054, and for ART between yogic and non-yogic practitioners, t(38) = 2.12, and p < .041.
Conclusions. The findings suggest that both yogic and non-yogic practitioners demonstrated significantly lower level of ART compared to VRT. Further results indicate that hand speed in terms of VRT is nearly identical between yogic and non-yogic practitioners, but the ART of yogic practitioners was observed to be faster than that of non-yogic practitioners. Yoga has been associated with various physical and mental health benefits, and studies suggest that it may have a positive impact on reaction times.
Una sociología de la gobernanza medioambiental para la transformación eco-social. Claves sobre el caso de la Unión Europea
Authors: Ahedo Santisteban Manuel
Published: April 2024

Las políticas contra el cambio climático se han orientado mayormente a reducir la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero. Hay un creciente consenso en torno a que las principales soluciones aplicadas (tecnológicas, mercados y conductuales) no han traído los resultados esperados. Por lo tanto, se considera necesario aplicar otras políticas más ambiciosas, como pueden ser los cambios organizativo-institucionales, estructurales, y sistémicos, con una orientación más sustantiva y restaurativa del clima. Para promover estas soluciones se necesita una mejor acción de los Estados, gobiernos e instituciones públicas, desde una legítima y efectiva gobernanza medioambiental, basada en una desarrollada meta-gobernanza y en tres pilares de gobernanza (democrático-participativo, epistémico y social-civil). Estas teorizaciones se aplican al caso de la gobernanza medioambiental y climática de la Unión Europea (UE). En base a materiales secundarios y literatura científica empírica, se observa que la UE se ha marcado unos objetivos crecientemente ambiciosos, que su meta-gobernanza ha sido limitada con un enfoque blando y coordinador, y que sus pilares de gobernanza han tenido un desarrollo limitado, pero con dinámicas e iniciativas. A pesar de sus claras debilidades, la gobernanza medioambiental de la UE presenta una capacidad potencial para avanzar en la transformación eco-social.
The Role of Partial Desemanticization in the Emergence of Grammatical Subsystems: The Case of Epistemic Modality in Northern Rural Jordanian Arabic
Authors: Jaradat Abdulazeez , Alqatawna Mohammad
Published: April 2024

Desemanticization, a mechanism of language change, is either full or partial. The former is the total loss of the lexical content while developing a gram from a lexical source, whereas the latter is the reduction of the lexical content. One of the merits of partial desemanticization reported in the relevant literature is that the remaining lexical residue in a gram often determines its function, especially through metaphor and metonymy. The present paper, from a broader perspective, sheds light on the role of partial desemanticization in developing grammatical subsystems in natural languages. Based on an acceptability judgment task and the main synchronic characteristics of the target items, this paper argues that partial desemanticization is the underpinning factor in the grammaticalization of a possibility-denoting epistemic modality in northern rural Jordanian Arabic. Its role is manifested in the derivation of the target modal auxiliaries from their lexical counterparts. The content of their sources, mostly lexical, is not fully bleached out when they develop into modal auxiliaries. The semantic residue of the source in each grammaticalized modal auxiliary, in turn, causes the variation in use of these modal auxiliaries, and therefore inevitably leads to developing a possibility-denoting epistemic modality.
Smucker & Umberger, Pattern and Paradox: The Quilts of Amish Women
Authors: Beck Ervin
Published: April 2024

No abstract available.
FS 2.1: 2023 Expansion of the OLAS Household Survey Data Set
Authors: Libra Jesse Madden , Baquero María Alejandra
Published: April 2024

The Expansion of the OLAS Household Survey Data Set was a project implemented in collaboration between the OLAS and the Social Division (SCL) of the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) from December 2022-July 2023. The projects objectives were multi-fold, with a focus on improving the information available on water and sanitation access while simultaneously streamlining the data generation process. This factsheet describes the project and data in the data set.
Tendencias de las relaciones comerciales internacionales de Centroamérica, Panamá y República Dominicana: comercio, turismo, inversión extranjera directa y cooperación internacional
Authors: Deza María Cecilia , Martin Rivero Lucia , Monge Mauricio , Ruiz-Arranz Marta
Published: April 2024

Este documento analiza la evolución de las relaciones económicas internacionales de los países de Centroamérica, Panamá y República Dominicana (CAPARD) en los ámbitos de comercio internacional, turismo, inversión extranjera directa (IED) y cooperación internacional y discute cómo estas relaciones se han visto afectadas en el contexto de la post-pandemia, la reconfiguración de las cadenas globales de suministro, y la geopolítica global. Entre las tendencias de los últimos años, destaca que: (i) EEUU sigue siendo el principal socio en el comercio de bienes y servicios, IED y cooperación externa para CAPARD; (ii), los mismos países de CAPARD y el resto de Latinoamérica se han convertido en los segundos mayores socios económicos en estos aspectos, lo que destaca la creciente integración económica y política con el resto de la región; (iii) se observa un aumento en la participación del bloque de países asiáticos, en particular la IED proveniente de China en algunos países, pero en volúmenes todavía limitados en relación a otros bloques; y (iv) el posicionamiento del bloque de países europeos en CAPARD se mantiene acotado y estable en el tiempo pero destaca en aspectos de cooperación externa, en especial en temas de desarrollo sostenible y medio ambiente. Sin embargo, existe heterogeneidad entre países en cada uno de los ámbitos bajo estudio.
Hamza b. Habîb ve Talebesi Halef b. Hişâm'ın Kıraatlerinin Mukayesesi
Authors: Keleş Mehmet
Published: April 2024

Kur’an ilimleri arasında önemli bir yer tutan kıraat ilmi, lafız ve mana yönüyle mucize olan Kur’an’ın doğru bilinmesi ve anlaşılmasına önemli katkılar sunmuştur. Özellikle sahih kıraatler olarak addedilen kıraat-ı seb’a ve kıraat-ı aşere de yer alan imamların okuyuş çeşitleri, farklı yorumların elde edilmesi, anlam çeşitliliğinin oluşturulması ve Kur’an’ın herkes tarafından rahatça okunması hususunda ciddi kolaylıklar sağlamıştır. Bu bağlamda her iki kıraat sisteminde de yer alan Halef b. Hişâm (ö. 229/844) kıraatinin hocası Hamza b. Habîb’in (ö. 156/773) kıraati ile mukayese edilerek değerlendirilmesi araştırmamızın konusunu teşkil etmiştir. Araştırmada her iki imamın kıraatlerindeki farklılıklar tetkik edilmiş, klasik ve modern kaynak eserlerden kendilerine ait olan vecihler taranmıştır. Genel anlamda kıraatlerde olduğu gibi Hamza ve Halef’in okuyuşlarında da temel iki husus dikkati çekmektedir. Birincisi usûl konularında ortaya çıkan kıraatler; ikincisi ise ferşi farklılıklardaki kıraatler hakkındadır. Öncelikle Hamza ve Halef kıraatleri çerçevesinde usûl konularından istiâze, besmele, medlerin uzatılma miktarı, idğam çeşitleri, imale/beyne-beyne, işmam, sekte, nakl, hâ-i sekit, hâ-i kinâye, izâfet yâ’sı, cemi mimleri, hemzenin okunuşu ayrı başlıklar halinde ele alınarak iki imamın kıraatleri arasında mukayese yapılmıştır. Akabinde benzer bir yöntemle ferşi farklılıklar da tespit edilmiş ve örneklerle açıklanmıştır. Verilen örnekler ışığında Hamza ve Halef kıraatinde usûlî ve ferşi ihtilaflarda, ittifak hâsıl olduğu gibi birçok noktada ihtilafın da gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir.
Chili Growth-Yield Improvement under Different Experience-Creativity Farmer Levels, Agronomical Components, and Their Partial Economic Analysis
Authors: Winarto Budi , Susila Arif , Triastono Joko , Pramono Joko , Supriyo Agus , Cempaka Intan Gilang , Sihombing Donald , Handayati Wahyu
Published: April 2024

Chili (Capsicum annuum L.), though it is one of the strategic and important vegetable commodities in Indonesia; still faces a main problem, i.e. low productivity with 7.78 tons ha-1 nationally and 6.45 tons ha-1 specifically in Jawa Tengah. Consequently, the improvement of chili growth yield under different experience and creativity farmer levels (ECFLs), components of agronomy (ACs), and their economic analysis partially was addressed as the main objective of the research. C. annuum ‘Akar’, healthy and farmer seedlings were used in the field research. The factorial experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. ECFLs from high (ECFL-1), moderate (ECFL-2), less (ECFL-3), and initially developed (ECFL-4) were used as the first treatment, and five different ACs with gradual component reduction of ACs-1, ACs-2, ACs-3, ACs-4 and ACs-5 as second treatment.  The research clearly revealed that different seedlings, ECFLs, and ACs significantly affected the ‘Akar’ growth yield. Cultivation of the healthy seedlings by ECFL-1, who had ± thirty years’ experience in chili cultivation and fast response to all and potential problems during chili cultivation, under ACs-1, as a complete and optimal ACs, increased vegetative growth and yielded 417.8 flowers and 289.7 fruits plant-1, 1,040.6 g chili plant-1, and 1,044.8 kg chili plot-1; 110-337% improvement; IDR. 16,750,081 farmer income from 250 m2 plot size; and 4.77 R/C ratio, respectively. However, for positive income, R/C ratio, and low production cost for all farmers, further applications of ACs-2 were promisingly chosen. Entirely the optimal growth yield of chili was established by using healthy seedlings, choosing suitable Acs, and paying more attention to the ECFL. The results can be applied to other chili types and varieties.
Chemical and Sensory Evaluation on Several Varieties of Salak (Salacca zalacca) Fruit from Indonesia
Authors: Djaafar Titiek Farianti , Marwati Tri , Budiyanti Tri , Riska  , Hadiati Sri
Published: April 2024

Salak (Salacca zalacca) is an indigenous plant of Indonesia. It is widely distributed in several areas such as Yogyakarta, Bali, Sumatra, and Maluku. Several varieties of salak have been developed as a part of the government’s plant-breeding program. However, a detailed characterization of the sensory properties has not been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical characteristics and consumer acceptance from six different varieties, namely Pondoh Super, Pondoh Madu, Pondoh Gading, Sari Intan 48, Sari Intan 295, and Sari Intan 541. Chemical characteristic tests included moisture content, fruit acidity (pH), total soluble solids, reducing sugar concentration, and vitamin C. Sensory evaluation on acceptance attributes, such as peel and flesh color, texture, aroma, taste, and overall preference was carried out by 40 untrained panelists. The results revealed that the chemical and sensory characteristics was varied among 6 varieties. Sari Intan 48 had the highest moisture content and pH compared to other varieties. Salak Pondoh Super had the highest levels of reducing sugar and vitamin C. On the other hand, Sari Intan 295 had the highest total soluble solids content. Male, female, and young panelists preferred the taste of Sari Intan 295. There was no significant difference in the parameters of peel color, flesh color, texture, aroma, taste, and overall preference in the adult panelists group. The group of panelists over 51 years old preferred the taste of the Sari Intan 541. The occurrence of a sour taste significantly affected panelists acceptance of salak fruit.
Shelf-Life Determination of “Hiwan Tahu” Using Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing (ASLT) with Arrhenius Model
Authors: Pramono Yoyok Budi , Mulyani Sri , Abduh Setya Budi Muhammad , Kamil Rafli Zulfa , Legowo Anang Mohamad , Lestari Tiara Yunistha , Astuti Ayu Tri , Putri Deshinta Ramadhani Bastian , Puspita Diyan Ayu , Bramantyo Farhandian Rezky
Published: April 2024

This study aims to determine the shelf life of “hiwan tahu” based on changes in Total Plate Count (TPC), pH, water content, and . This research was carried out by storing the samples at three different temperatures, including 5℃, 27℃, and 40℃. The initial characteristic and quality degradation of “Hiwan Tahu” during storage were determined by TPC, pH, water content, and  tests. Observations were carried out every 3 hours until the 12th hour for storage at 40℃, every 24 hours until the 96th hour at 27℃, and every 48 hours until the 192nd hour for storage at 5℃. Shelf life was determined using the ASLT method with the Arrhenius model. Data were analyzed by Microsoft Excel 2016 by presenting data in a scatter diagram, selecting the reaction order based on the higher R², determining the Arrhenius equation using a chart with a trendline, and calculating shelf life using Excel formulas and functions. The results showed that quality decrease of “hiwan tahu” during storage, including an increase in TPC, pH, water content, and  value. The shelf life of “hiwan tahu” was determined based on the critical parameter of TPC with the smallest Energy Activation (Ea). The shelf life of “hiwan tahu,” according to the TPC parameter, is 68.54 days if stored at −18℃, 16.27 days if stored at 5℃, and 5.05 days if stored at 27℃. The rate of change in “hiwan tahu” quality increases with high temperature and storage time.
Lipid Quality Assessment of Virgin Coconut Oil Produced with Different Blanching Methods
Authors: Windrayahya Sulkhan , Arminta Marsha Rosalind , Laureen Velin Christabel , Angrainy Hanny
Published: April 2024

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is prone to oxidation due to the natural enzymes present in the coconut. Blanching has been studied to inactivate lipase and peroxidase enzymes that create deterioration in the product. Adding citric acid in hot water during blanching resulted in a higher quality product due to complexing agent properties to chelate metal substances and lowering the pH to reduce the enzymatic activities of the products. This research aims to analyze the effect of different blanching methods on VCO's lipid quality, antioxidant properties, and total phenolic content. Fresh coconut was subjected to water blanching at 95ºC for 5 minutes and 80ºC for 10 minutes with and without 0.05% citric acid addition. After that, VCO was produced using the chilling thawing method, which combines centrifugation and low-temperature incubation. VCO was analyzed in the free fatty acid (FFA), iodine value (IV), peroxide value (PV), TBARS value, the antioxidant activities by ABTS and DPPH, and total phenolic content (TPC). The results showed that water blanching with 0.05% citric acid at 80ºC for 10 minutes obtained better lipid quality compared to control with high IV (6.612±0.085 g iodine/g sample), low FFA (0.0241±0.0023 mg KOH/g sample), and low TBARS value (2.76±0.23 mg MDA/g sample). However, there is a contrary result between antioxidant activities and TPC that might reveal exciting findings. Despite a decrease in the antioxidant activities (DPPH: 39.93±3.11%RSA, ABTS: 9.80±0.91%RSA), the TPC value was increased (9.16±1.56 mg GAE/g sample). Therefore, hot water blanching with 0.05% citric acid addition can be conducted as a pre-treatment in the production of VCO to maintain the lipid quality, even though there is a contradiction in the TPC and antioxidant results.
PERCEPÇÃO DE ACADÊMICOS DE ENFERMAGEM SOBRE MORTE ENCEFÁLICA E DOAÇÃO DE ÓRGÃOS
Authors: Malaquias Guilherme , Soares de Souza Verusca , Simões Pereira Ana Carolina , Ramos Costa Maria Antonia , Cabral Uchoa Fernandes Alice , Salvador Ribeiro Aline
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: Conhecer as percepções de acadêmicos do curso de enfermagem acerca de morte encefálica e doação de órgãos. Método: Estudo descritivo, qualitativo, com acadêmicos de enfermagem de uma universidade pública do sul do país. As entrevistas aconteceram em 2019, foram transcritas e submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Participaram trinta acadêmicos. Emergiram-se três categorias: “Conhecimento enquanto fator de (des)interesse”; “Doação como sinal de empatia com familiares e/ou pessoa que receberá o órgão” e “Ansiedades enquanto (possível) profissional responsável pelos casos”. Conclusão: Os acadêmicos apresentam uma visão positiva em relação à doação de órgãos sem ressalvas em relação a ser doador, entretanto, quando colocados no âmbito de atuação como enfermeiros, a resposta é pautada na insegurança relacionada à falta de conhecimento.
The Powdered Red Macroalgae (Eucheuma spinosum) Supplementation Potentially Enhanced Bone Structure in Osteoporotic Mice
Authors: Patandung Jusniar , Yustisia Ika , Natzir Rosdiana , Soraya Gita Vita , Hafiyani Lia , Sulfahri Sulfahri
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Red macroalgae, such as Eucheuma spinosum, have been found to have potential benefits for bone health due to their unique bioactive compounds, including proteins, polyphenols, polysaccharides, vitamins, and minerals. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the benefits of powdered E. spinosum supplementation in osteoporosis-induced mice.METHODS: Thirty middle-aged mice were divided into 6 groups, namely: healthy control group (HC), negative control group (NC), positive control group (PC), and treatment groups supplemented with 1.25 mg/gBW (T1), 2.5 mg/gBW (T2), and 5 mg/gBW (T3) of E. spinosum powder for twenty days. Mice in NC, PC, T1, T2, and T3 groups were induced with 0.0029 mg/gBW of dexamethasone for 30 days to create osteoporosis mice models. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were measured by colorimetric methods before and after the intervention. Bone structures were evaluated using X-ray images and histological examination.RESULTS: After the intervention, PC, T1, T2, and T3 groups showed a significant decrease (p≤0.01) in serum ALP levels compared to the NC group, which experienced an increase in ALP levels. The X-ray images revealed that the PC, T1, T2, and T3 showed radiopaque bone density. For bone histology, PC, T2, and T3 showed an improvement with thickened and intact trabeculae, but T1 still had visible osteoporosis cavities.CONCLUSION: Supplementation of 2.5 and 5 mg/gBW of E. spinosum powder were able to improve bone density as well bone histology. Therefore, E. spinosum powder supplementation might potentially improve bone structure in osteoporosis.KEYWORDS: Eucheuma spinosum, red macroalgae, alkaline phosphatase, osteoporosis
Lactococcus lactis D4 Has Potential Effect to Alleviate Inflammation and Reverse Dysbiosis in Colitis Rat Model
Authors: Suswita Rini , Alvarino Alvarino , Darwin Eryati , Jamsari Jamsari
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that may lead to colorectal cancer if untreated. Several medications for IBD have adverse side effects. Thus, there are high interest for searching alternative treatment to treat IBD. Lactococcus lactis D4 isolated from dadih, a traditional fermented buffalo milk product, was investigated for the effect on gut inflammation and microbial composition in the colitis rat model.METHODS: Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups; control rats, colitis-induced rats, and colitis-induced rats treated with L. lactis D4 isolate. The control group received water, while the colitis-induced rats were given azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). Rats’ feces were collected for the analysis of gut microbiota diversity by next-generation sequencing and for the measurement of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α colonic expression using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).RESULTS: L. lactis D4 administration was able to reduce inflammation in colitis by decreasing IL-6 expression (0.87 vs. 0.73), while expression of TGF-β, NF-κB, and TNF-α were increased compared to the model group, suggesting a complex immunomodulatory effect. Gut microbiota sequencing revealed a similarity between the control and treatment groups, suggesting L. lactis D4 has great potential to ameliorate gut microbiota dysbiosis in colitis rats.CONCLUSION: L. lactis D4 has a beneficial effect in decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and is able to reserve dysbiosis in colitis rat model. Thus, L. lactis D4 might be used as a therapeutic agent for IBD.KEYWORDS: colitis, gut microbiota, inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease, Lactococcus lactis D4, probiotic, proinflammatory cytokines
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IS-10506 Enhances Tight Junction Integrity in Bronchial Epithelium: An Experimental Study
Authors: Fetarayani Deasy , Soegiarto Gatot , Surono Ingrid Suryanti , Endaryanto Anang , Athiyyah Alpha Fardah , Hernaningsih Yetti , Fauziah Dyah , Sudiana I Ketut , Utomo Budi , Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Airway epithelium constitutes the initial structural defense against inhaled allergens, with its integrity primarily maintained through the formation of tight junctions (TJ) consisting of claudins, occludins, and zonula occludens (ZO). Currently, the effects of probiotics on airway TJ remain unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the impact of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IS-10506, a native probiotic from Indonesia, on bronchial epithelial TJ in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation.METHODS: Twenty-four BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to three groups: negative control, positive control subjected to Dermatophagoides pteryonissinus (Der p) sensitization and challenge, and treatment group exposed to Der p and administered L. plantarum IS-10506 since one week before sensitization up to three weeks after. The expression levels of claudin-18, occludin, and ZO-1 were investigated through immunohistochemistry analysis and quantified based on the immunoreactive score (IRS). RESULTS: The results of this study demonstrated that L. plantarum IS-10506 significantly enhanced the expressions of claudin-18, occludin, and ZO-1 (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: These findings underscore the probiotic's role in fortifying the integrity of airway TJ.KEYWORDS: allergic inflammation, probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, immunology, respiratory system, tight junction, occludin, claudin, zonula occludens
Possible application of solar energy to power hydrocarbon extraction and enhanced oil recovery operations in high latitudes
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Mangushev Rufat , Ibrahimova Fidan ,   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Gaffarov Murad ,   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University
Published: April 2024

As the world enters the renewable revolution, it is crucial for the petroleum industry to remain relevant in the public eye and become environmentally awareness. One potential path to achieve these goals in a progressive and beneficial way is to integrate renewable energy sources into various nodes of the petroleum industrial operations. Different ways of achieving such integration are described in the review section of the article. These include utilizing solar energy to power upstream operations and a variety of enhanced oil recovery projects, such as microbial enhanced oil recovery and others, or using solar energy downstream to supply power to pumps, gas lift apparatus, etc. The article also proposes a novel potential application of solar energy to power operations and provide long-term sustainable energy source to petroleum operations in high latitudes. The potential applicability of solar power in petroleum engineering operations far North has long been neglected due to potential unprofitability and difficulty of construction of solar power grid in such harsh climactic conditions. However, now, as the world transitions to a new reality of co-existence of fossil fuels with alternative energy sources in light of growing concerns over climate change, it is a strategic time to implement the technology in profitable and environmentally conscious way in countries that have a trustworthy environmental record and strong, robust environmental policies, like Canada, as well as in less environmentally achieving countries with milder emission reduction targets such as Russian Federation.