bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What do consumers care about when purchasing experiential packaging?
Authors: Álvarez-González Paula , Dopico-Parada Ana , López-Miguens María J.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The importance of packaging attributes for purchase decisions has generated interest in the research and food industry. As a matter of fact, innovation in packaging is constantly searching for new solutions that generate customer experience. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of packaging attributes (protection, convenience, portability and storage, information, sustainability, branding and engagement) on consumer purchase intention of experiential packaging especially designed to provide an extraordinary sensory or interactive communicational experience and the influence of potential moderators.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used a quantitative methodology based on the partial least squares (PLS) technique to estimate the structural model proposed. A purposely developed questionnaire was administered to a non-probabilistic sample of 1,489 European consumers. The questionnaire included questions related to consumers' perception of packaging attributes and purchase intention of different experiential packages.

Findings

The results indicate that packaging attributes are related to consumer purchase intention of experiential packaging. Engagement attributes show the strongest positive influence followed by branding and economy. However, attributes such as sustainability showed a negative effect on the purchase intention of these packages. The authors’ results also show the influence of gender, family structure and residential background as moderators of the relationships.

Originality/value

Customers' decision-making processes are strongly influenced by product packaging. However, little is known about how new technologies and design in packaging influence consumers' responses. This research provides evidence of the influence of packaging attributes on consumer purchase intention for experiential packaging, a proliferating area of research.
Expatriation and repatriation as one integrated process: the roles of developmental assignments, repatriate turnover, employee willingness for expatriation and repatriation support practices
Authors: Wang Chun-Hsiao
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to integrate the perspectives of expatriation and repatriation not as two unrelated stages but rather as one integrated process.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample comprising 94 human resource (HR) representatives from large Taiwanese multinational corporations (MNCs) provided objective data on the organizational expatriate/repatriate practices.

Findings

The use of developmental assignments was positively related to organizational repatriate turnover, but such a positive relationship was significant only when MNCs used low levels of repatriation support practices. Organizational repatriate turnover was negatively related to employee willingness for expatriation and the use of developmental assignments increased employee willingness for expatriation. Organizational repatriate turnover was a competitive mediator between the use of developmental assignments and employee willingness for expatriation. Moreover, organizational repatriate turnover mediated the relationship when MNCs used low levels of repatriation support practices, but not when MNCs used high levels of repatriation support practices.

Practical implications

MNCs should ensure the use of development assignments is matched with high levels of repatriation support practices and treat expatriation and repatriation management as one integrated process.

Originality/value

As the world economy becomes more integrated, MNCs are increasingly challenged in their efforts to send employees abroad on expatriate assignments that are developmental by design, to reduce organizational repatriate turnover and to increase employee willingness for expatriation. However, there is a lack of understanding about how they are all linked.
Digital leadership enactment in the construction industry: barriers undermining effective transformation
Authors: Zulu Sambo Lyson , Saad Ali M. , Ajayi Saheed O. , Dulaimi Mohammed , Unuigbe Maria
Published: April 2023

Purpose

In the past decade, transforming key processes and activities towards a more digital nature has been the focus of most industries to exploit the associated advantages. Despite that, organisations in the construction sector are lagging the list of early adopters. The slow rate of a fundamental digital transformation is being linked to the challenges facing an effective leadership. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to shed light on the barriers to digital leadership enactment in the construction industry. Limited research has empirically analysed and discussed these barriers to explain the low transformation rate in the existing body of knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper empirically investigates the perspectives of construction industry professionals acquiring various roles in the industry. This study captured the views of 38 participants, adopting a qualitative methodological approach to detail the barriers and explain the slow digital transformation rate.

Findings

Findings are grouped into five themes: leadership characteristics, management and organisational issues, resource constraints, technological issues and risk perceptions. The findings are helpful to business leaders, researchers, trainers and educators to develop measures to encourage leaders in the industry to be at the forefront of digital transformation in their organisations.

Originality/value

Literature, however, is discreet in reflecting the challenges and barriers facing today's leadership in facilitating digital transformation among construction stakeholders. This paper provides insights into the variables that may be undermining wider digital adoption across the construction sector's organisations.
Understanding the difference between opportunistic and needy customers’ borrowing behavior: a new approach to segment current credit card customers
Authors: Kasaian Keyvan , Murthi B.P.S. , Steffes Erin
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The authors offer a new approach to segment credit card customers by classifying customers into two unobserved (latent) segments: opportunistic and needy.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors develop a finite mixture model to estimate customers’ tendency to borrow using the three alternatives available to them—promotional cash advances, regular cash advances and retail balances.

Findings

The results support the presence of at least two segments among credit card customers. The authors find that relative to opportunistic individuals, needy customers are typically more sensitive to interest rates. Additionally, the results indicate that offering promotional cash advances to current credit card customers increases their sensitivity to regular interest rates. Furthermore, the findings indicate that needy customers tend to have a higher stickiness in their debt. In the post-estimation analyses, the authors observe that needy customers generate more revenue than opportunistic customers. Interestingly, the bank does not perform well in targeting needy individuals and targets both groups with the same probability.

Originality/value

The authors argue that teaser rates attract at least two segments of borrowers—the “needy” segment, which is more likely to be cash-strapped, and the “opportunistic” segment, which looks at these teaser rates as an opportunity. However, banks do not observe segment membership. Hence, the authors offer a new approach to identifying these segments and show that understanding the behavior of these latent segments could help a bank target profitable customers more effectively.
Exploring consumer perceptions of no- and low-alcohol craft beers
Authors: Taylor Jr. Scott , Whalen Elizabeth A. , Norris Cortney L.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This two-part exploratory study aims to investigate the perceptions of active lifestyle individuals and general craft beer consumers toward no- and low-alcohol craft beers. The influence of advertising appeals is also tested to determine the effectiveness of value-expressive and guilt appeals in determining switching behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach

The first study used a mixed-methods approach to determine perceptions and switching behaviors for active lifestyle individuals. The first part of the study presented respondents with one of three advertisements, the ads were designed to either elicit a value expressive appeal, a guilt appeal or a control. The second part of this study presented respondents with a series of open-ended questions seeking further information on their perceptions and preferences regarding no- and low-alcohol craft beers. The second study assessed perceptions of general craft beer consumers as they related to the three advertisements.

Findings

The results of this quantitative studies did not find any significant differences between the three ad slogans; however, the results of the qualitative study do indicate differing perceptions and potential switching behaviors for active lifestyle individuals.

Research limitations/implications

This research advances knowledge on advertising appeals for no- and low-alcoholic craft beers.

Practical implications

Brewers and marketers gain insights into two different consumer groups perceptions and potential switching behaviors toward no- and low-alcohol craft beers.

Originality/value

This research tests how advertising appeals influence perceptions and potential switching behaviors of active lifestyle individuals and general craft beer consumers toward no- and low-alcohol craft beers.
Risk management implementation and its efficacy towards green innovation: a conceptual framework for Malaysian solar photovoltaic industry
Authors: Mukhtar Bilal , Shad Muhammad Kashif , Woon Lai Fong , Hamad Salaheldin
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study aims to propose a conceptual framework to examine the impact of risk management implementation on green innovation in the Malaysian solar photovoltaic (PV) manufacturing industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on primary data to be collected from 30 Malaysian solar PV manufacturing companies through a questionnaire that incorporates the five-point Likert scale. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is proposed to be performed using SPSS 24.0 and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is suggested to be conducted using AMOS.21 software to explore the factors and reliability of the items and to confirm the factorial structure of risk management implementation and green innovation. Furthermore, partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) is proposed to investigate relationships between constructs and latent variables.

Findings

The proposed framework is based on the stakeholder's theory and suggests that the comprehensive implementation of risk management has a significant and positive impact on green innovation in the Malaysian solar PV manufacturing industry.

Practical implications

This study provides insight into formulating strategies for enhancing green innovation in the solar PV manufacturing sector and serves as a valuable resource for stakeholders.

Originality/value

The significance of the proposed conceptual framework lies in its ability to enhance the workability of the stakeholder's theory and to create value for stakeholders through the implementation of risk management to drive green innovation. This study adds to the existing literature by exploring the relationship between risk management and green innovation in the solar PV manufacturing industry.
An extended TPB model of waste-sorting intention: a case study of Indonesia
Authors: Rakhmawati Tri , Damayanti Sih , Jati Rahmi Kartika , Astrini Nidya Judhi
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This research investigates factors affecting the intention to sort waste. Specifically, this research aims to develop a waste-sorting intention model by extending the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model and to test the model to ensure the model's goodness-of-fit, validity and reliability.

Design/methodology/approach

This research used a quantitative research methodology. Data were collected from 460 respondents using an online questionnaire. Some statistical analyses were performed to analyze the data: descriptive statistics, factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis-structural equation modeling (CFA-SEM), SEM and Cronbach's alpha analysis.

Findings

The result shows that the intention to sort waste was directly affected by attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), moral obligation and facility support. Environmental concerns, waste-sorting knowledge and time availability indirectly influenced the intention to sort waste. The testing indicated that the proposed model was fit, valid and reliable.

Practical implications

The model provides a more comprehensive understanding of waste-sorting intention. The central and local governments can use the results to encourage waste-sorting intention in the community.

Originality/value

This research is believed to be the first study to develop and test the waste-sorting intention model that extends the TPB model by incorporating moral obligation, facility support, policy and regulation support, environmental concerns, waste-sorting knowledge and time availability into the traditional TPB model.
Assessment of Industry 4.0 performance using scoring approach: a case study
Authors: Wankhede Vishal Ashok , Vinodh S.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The present study aimed to assess performance of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) in case organization by considering potential performance measures and analysis using scoring approach.

Design/methodology/approach

50 performance measures grouped into five dimensions namely manufacturing management, manufacturing economics, manufacturing strategy, manufacturing technology and workforce were considered for the analysis. The study had been done with relevance to automotive component manufacturing organization. Further, questionnaire for each performance measure was developed to gather expert inputs regarding different performance aspects of I4.0 in case organization. Reliability of the expert responses towards questionnaire was assessed by computing Cronbach's alpha (a) using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software.

Findings

Findings of the study revealed overall I4.0 performance index (OIPI) of 0.71, i.e. 71% signifying improvement scope of 29% pertaining to I4.0 adoption. Gap analysis was performed across dimensions and performance measures to realize the weaker areas. Gap analysis revealed workforce dimension with highest gap and manufacturing management with lowest gap. The gaps that obstruct performance of I4.0 are being recognized and proposals for improvement were provided to the industrial practitioners. Based on further analysis, dimensions and performance measures found to be weaker.

Practical implications

The study helped industrial practitioners and managers to create the foundation for evaluating performance of I4.0-focused organization. Industry practitioners can employ the study to understand different performance measures with respect to different dimensions and realize the significance of I4.0 adoption.

Originality/value

The identification of performance dimensions and measures for I4.0 performance measurement and assessment using scoring approach is the original contribution of the authors.
Properties of poly (vinyl alcohol) films with embedded zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐8) nanoparticles for food packaging applications
Authors: Hara Yutaro , Castell‐Perez Maria Elena , Moreira Rosana Galves
Published: April 2023

This study evaluated the physical, mechanical, barrier properties, and transition temperatures of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films with embedded zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) nanoparticles carrying a natural antimicrobial, trans‐cinnamaldehyde (TC). The ZIF‐8 nanoparticles were synthesized using a sonochemical method and incorporated into polymeric matrices at mass ratio concentrations of 0% (control film) to 5% weight of ZIF‐8@TC to PVA. Solutions were mixed, cast onto Petri dishes and dried for 12 h at 37°C in a ventilated oven. The film samples were stored in airtight containers at room temperature and used within 1 week. The engineering properties of the PVA/ZIF‐8@TC films were compared with those of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) film commonly used for packaging of spinach leaves. The glass transition, melting, and crystallization temperatures of PVA compositive films all increased (p < 0.05) with ZIF‐8@TC concentration. When exposed to high relative humidity environments, the PVA/ZIF‐8@TC films had lower equilibrium moisture content (p < 0.05) than the LDPE film. Although the composite films have different tensile properties from the LDPE film, embedding ZIF‐8@TC into PVA films improved the tensile strength by 17%, making the PVA/ZIF‐8@TC films suitable for low load‐bearing applications such as food packaging. The gas barrier properties of PVA‐based films differed only slightly with added ZIF‐8@TC (p < 0.05).

Practical Application

PVA/ZIF‐8@TC films are appropriate environment‐friendly alternatives to polymeric food packaging in terms of their functional properties.
Role of CD19+CD5+CD1d+ Bregs in maintaining the Th17/Treg balance in mice with systemic lupus erythematosus complicated with atherosclerosis
Authors: Zhu Zhen‐Zhen , Chen Xiao‐Huan , Wei Si‐Ru , Xu Jia , Wang Ya‐Hui , Wu Wen‐Jue , Liu Hong , Mo Han‐You
Published: April 2023

Objective

In this study, we aimed to investigate Bregs, their regulatory effects on Th17/Treg cell balance, and the release of downstream inflammatory factors in a mouse model of low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr)−/− + Pristane.

Methods

After the establishment of the mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated with atherosclerosis (AS), 8‐week‐old LDLr−/− + Pristane mice (n = 10) were included in the SLE + AS group. Furthermore, 8‐week‐old MRL/lpr and C57 mice were used as the SLE and normal control groups, respectively (n = 10 per group). After feeding the mice a high‐fat diet for 14 weeks, peripheral blood and spleen of mice were collected, and Bregs, Th17, and Treg cells and related inflammatory factors were detected by flow cytometry, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Results

The number of Bregs and Tregs in spleen lymphocytes of SLE + AS mice significantly decreased compared with the C57 group (p < .05), whereas the number of Th17 cells significantly increased (p = .000). Furthermore, the proportion of Bregs showed a negative correlation with the Th17/Treg ratio (p = .03). Mice in the SLE + AS group showed higher serum interleukin (IL)‐10, IL‐17, and tumor necrosis factor‐α levels than those in the SLE and C57 groups (p < .05). Furthermore, IL‐35 and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β expression was reduced in the SLE + AS group compared with the C57 group (p < .05).

Conclusions

The proportion of Breg decreases was negatively associated with increased Th17/Treg which was increased in SLE + AS mice, indicating that Bregs may regulate Th17/Treg cell homeostasis and cytokine release via IL‐35 and TGF‐β production.
In situ follicular neoplasm discovered as an enlarging pulmonary nodule complicated by pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Uchida Tsuyoshi , Matsubara Hirochika , Koizumi Ryunosuke , Sasanuma Harunobu , Sugimura Aya , Onuki Yuichiro , Nakajima Hiroyuki , Oishi Naoki
Published: April 2023

In situ follicular B cell neoplasm, previously known as follicular lymphoma in situ, is a neoplastic proliferation of follicular lymphoma‐like B cells confined to the germinal centers. Herein, we report a case of a woman in her 70s who initially presented with several enlarged abdominal lymph nodes. Seven months later during follow‐up, a solitary pulmonary nodule was detected. As it was close to the hilum, lobectomy was performed. The intraoperative frozen section showed fibrosis and a collection of lymphocytes and macrophages. Therefore, the lymph nodes were sampled. Station 4 and 10 lymph nodes exhibited similar tumor cells and were immunohistochemically positive for CD10 and BCL2. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with in situ follicular neoplasm and is currently under observation. In situ follicular neoplasm is typically a slowly progressive neoplasm; however, it can present as a rapidly enlarging pulmonary nodule complicated by pulmonary aspergillosis.
Hippos alter their aggregations to mitigate density‐dependent drought effects
Authors: Taillie Paul J. , Hartfelder Jack , Potash Alex , Pienaar Danie , Greaver Cathy , Viljoen Pauli , Fletcher Robert J. , Ferreira Samuel , McCleery Robert A.
Published: April 2023

Megaherbivores play a critical role in the ecology of African savannas and grasslands. In addition, these systems are forecast to experience more frequent and severe droughts as a product of changes in the global climate. Thus, the continued conservation of megaherbivores and their associated ecosystems will require a better understanding of how megaherbivores respond to drought by shifting their movement, diet and social behaviour. We address this need by investigating the factors affecting changes in the abundance of common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius; hereafter: ‘hippos’) throughout the six major rivers of Kruger National Park, South Africa, during and following the severe drought of 2015/2016. Specifically, we aimed to understand the role of two environmental characteristics that have relevance to hippos and that changed in response to drought: vegetation condition and the extent of pooled surface water. In addition, we investigated the extent to which pre‐drought density affected changes in hippo abundance. Although vegetation and daytime refugia both appeared to influence pre‐drought hippo abundance, these factors were less important to the change in hippo abundance related to the drought. Instead, the response to drought was most strongly related to the pre‐drought abundance of hippos, where river segments supporting more than 50 individuals prior to the drought in 2015 decreased by more than half on average. Furthermore, we show that the degree of aggregation decreased from 2015 to 2016 because of the drought, but then began to increase again as the rains returned in 2017. Our results suggest that in addition to the large pools that support large aggregations of hippos in typical years, additional smaller pools are likely important for accommodating this drought‐induced dispersion. However, maintaining this distribution of pools will likely become more challenging as southern Africa's population and water demands increase.
Expression of ADAMTS 1‐4‐8 and placental growth factor in ovary and oviduct during pregnancy in the first trimester
Authors: Tatar Musa , Tufekci Kıymet Kubra , Uslu Sema , Öner Jale
Published: April 2023

A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease Domains with Thrombospondins Motifs (ADAMTS), proteinases responsible for the destruction of extracellular matrix structures, have essential roles in the physiological and pathological processes of the female reproductive system, which is a dynamic structure. This study aimed to evaluate the immunoreactivity of placental growth factor (PLGF) and ADAMTS' (1, ‐4, and ‐8) in the ovary and oviduct during pregnancy in the first trimester. Our findings suggest a predominant role of ADAMTS‐4 and ADAMTS‐8 as proteoglycan‐degrading enzymes from the ADAMTS‐1 in the first trimester. As an angiogenic factor, PLGF showed more immunoreactivity than ADAMTS‐1 in the ovary. This study provides the first evidence that ADAMTS‐4 and ADAMTS‐8 are more expressed in ovarian cells and follicles at different developmental stages during the first trimester of pregnancy than ADAMTS‐1. Consequently, we suggest that ADAMTSs and PLGF act together and may exert specific effects on the formation, stabilisation, and function (or a combination thereof) of the matrix surrounding and protecting the follicles.
Ecology, opportunity or threat? Drivers of the caracal (Caracal caracal) population decline in South Africa
Authors: Crookes D. J.
Published: April 2023

Anecdotal evidence suggests that there is interspecific competition between black‐backed jackal (Canis mesomelas) and caracal (Caracal caracal) on farmland in South Africa. Home range data were used across both years (1983–2016) and provinces, as well as polynomial interpolation, to quantitatively assess changes in the population of caracal and black‐backed jackal over time. The jackal abundance estimates had low uncertainty, while the caracal data had high uncertainty. A Gaussian model of interspecific competition was developed, using the properties of the Gaussian model and the more reliable jackal abundance data to reduce the uncertainty associated with the caracal data. It was found that caracals have actually declined in South Africa over the past few decades. Caracals are both beneficial to society in terms of trade and other uses and a threat to farmers in terms of livestock predation. To explore the drivers for hunting further, a predator–prey model was developed. The model found that killing for trade is not the main driver for declines in caracal numbers. However, reducing the persecution of caracal on farmland actually stabilises the number of black‐backed jackal, resulting in ‘win–win’ outcomes for both farmers and caracal. A concerted Africa‐wide response to caracal declines is needed.
Feasibility of pump‐controlled retrograde trial off in weaning from veno‐arterial ECMO in adults: A single‐center case series
Authors: Lau Fung Ming , Chan Wai Kit , Mok Yuen Tin , Lai Peter Chi Keung , Ma Sin Kwan Tammy , Ngai Chun Wai , Sin Wai Ching , Kwok Wai Ling Phyllis , Yu Kin Yip , Chan Wai Ming , Fraser John F. , Ng Pauline Yeung
Published: April 2023

Background

Various strategies of weaning V‐A ECMO have been described. PCRTO is a weaning technique which involves serial decremental pump revolutions until a retrograde flow from the arterial to venous ECMO cannula is achieved. It has been reported as a feasible weaning strategy in the pediatric population, but its application in adults has not been widely reported.

Methods

This was a case series including all adult patients who underwent PCRTO during weaning from V‐A ECMO at a tertiary ECMO center between January 2019 and July 2021. The primary end point was the successful weaning from V‐A ECMO support.

Results

A total of 57 runs of PCRTO in 36 patients were analyzed—45 (78.9%) of the trials were concluded successfully. The median retrograde blood flow rate during PCRTO was 0.6 ± 0.2 L/min, and the median duration of each PCRTO was 180 (120–240) min. Of the 35 patients who had at least one session of successful PCRTO, 31 (88.6%) were ultimately weaned from ECMO. There were no major complications from PCRTO including systemic or circuit thrombosis.

Conclusions

PCRTO is a feasible strategy for assessing readiness for weaning from V‐A ECMO with a low risk of adverse events and high rate of predicting eventual successful ECMO decannulation. Further investigation including comparison with alternative weaning strategies in prospective studies is required to confirm the approach.
‘It should be more outspoken and not hushed away, not like put in a dark box’: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of experiences of menopause voiced by women with learning disabilities
Authors: Langer‐Shapland Katie , Minton Stephen J. , Richards Nel
Published: April 2023

Background

There is little research into experiences of menopause voiced by women with learning disabilities, who can be neglected in academic research. There is a particular lack of knowledge around the psychological and social experiences of menopause in this population, and how changes are managed. This study sought to explore these experiences.

Methods

Experiences of five women with lived experience of menopause, being seen by community National Health Services specialising in learning disabilities, were captured with semistructured interviews and analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis.

Findings

Five superordinate themes were identified, involving the importance of having information about menopause, challenges of periods, observable changes in menopause, the importance of social connection, and managing menopause independently.

Conclusions

This study highlights the need for clinicians and carers to understand the variety of impacts menopause can have on women with learning disabilities, including emotional and social aspects, and the need to initiate conversations regarding menopause and available treatments.
Tissue augmentation treatment for periprosthetic leakage in patients who have undergone a total laryngectomy: A systematic review
Authors: Mayo‐Yáñez Miguel , Ramos‐Neble Mercedes Díaz , Cabo‐Varela Irma , Chiesa‐Estomba Carlos Miguel , Lechien Jérôme R. , Fakhry Nicolas , Maniaci Antonino , Hutcheson Katherine A.
Published: April 2023

Objectives

Tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) is considered the gold standard for voice rehabilitation after total laryngectomy. One of the main causes of treatment failure, and a potentially serious complication, is the TEP enlargement and/or leakage around the voice prosthesis. The injection of biocompatible material to increase the volume of the puncture surrounding tissue has been studied as a popular option for conservative treatment of enlarged tracheoesophageal fistula. The aim of this paper was to perform a systematic review of the efficacy and safety of such treatment.

Desingn

Search conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scielo and Web of Science and through the meta‐searcher Trip Database based on Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis (PRISMA) statement.

Settings

Human experiments published in peer‐reviewed journals, where investigators assessed the use of peri‐fistular tissue augmentation for periprosthetic leakage were evaluated.

Participants

Laryngectomized patients with voice prosthesis, presenting periprosthetik leak due to enlarged fistula.

Main outcomes measures

mean‐duration without new leak.

Results

A total of 196 peri‐fistular tissue augmentation procedures in 97 patients were found in the 15 selected articles. The 58.8% of patients had a time without periprosthetic leak after treatment of >6 months. The 88.7% of tissue augmentation treatments resulted in periprosthetic leakage cessation. The general level of evidence of the studies included in this review was low.

Conclusions

Tissue augmentation treatment is a minimally invasive, biocompatible and safe solution that temporarily resolves periprosthetic leaks in many cases. There is no standard technique or material, and treatment needs to be individualised according to the experience of the practitioner and the characteristics of the patient. Future randomised studies are needed to confirm these results.
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood: Prevention is better than cure especially if the cure remains elusive
Authors: Khamis Sonia , Brown Alexander , Kaliakatsos Marios , Eyre Michael , Lim Ming
Published: April 2023

This commentary is on the case series by Lee et al. on pages 1256–1263 of this issue.
Efficacy and safety of once‐weekly efpeglenatide in people with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes: The AMPLITUDE‐D, AMPLITUDE‐L and AMPLITUDE‐S randomized controlled trials
Authors: Aroda Vanita R. , Frias Juan Pablo , Ji Linong , Niemoeller Elisabeth , Nguyên‐Pascal My‐Liên , Denkel Karl , Espinasse Melanie , Guo Hailing , Baek SeungJae , Choi JaeDuk , Lingvay Ildiko
Published: April 2023

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of once‐weekly (QW) efpeglenatide in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) suboptimally controlled with oral glucose‐lowering drugs and/or basal insulin (BI).

Materials and Methods

Three phase 3, multicentre, randomized controlled trials compared the efficacy and safety of QW efpeglenatide versus dulaglutide when added to metformin (AMPLITUDE‐D), efpeglenatide versus placebo when added to BI ± oral glucose‐lowering drugs (AMPLITUDE‐L) or metformin ± sulphonylurea (AMPLITUDE‐S). All trials were terminated early by the sponsor because of funding rather than safety or efficacy concerns.

Results

In AMPLITUDE‐D, non‐inferiority of efpeglenatide to dulaglutide 1.5 mg was shown in HbA1c reduction from baseline to week 56, least squares mean treatment difference (95% CI): 4 mg, −0.03% (−0.20%, 0.14%)/−0.35 mmol/mol (−2.20, 1.49); 6 mg, −0.08% (−0.25%, 0.09%)/−0.90 mmol/mol (−2.76, 0.96). The reductions in body weight (approximately 3 kg) from baseline to week 56 were similar across all treatment groups. In AMPLITUDE‐L and AMPLITUDE‐S, numerically greater reduction in HbA1c and body weight were observed at all doses of efpeglenatide than placebo. American Diabetes Association level 2 hypoglycaemia (< 54 mg/dL [< 3.0 mmol/L]) was reported in few participants across all treatment groups (AMPLITUDE‐D, ≤ 1%; AMPLITUDE‐L, ≤ 10%; and AMPLITUDE‐S, ≤ 4%). The adverse events profile was consistent with other glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs); gastrointestinal adverse events were most frequent in all three studies.

Conclusions

In people with T2D suboptimally controlled with oral glucose‐lowering drugs and/or BI, QW efpeglenatide was non‐inferior to dulaglutide in terms of HbA1c reduction and showed numerically greater improvements than placebo in glycaemic control and body weight, with safety consistent with the GLP‐1 RA class.
Group orientation and social order versus disorder: Perspective of outsiders toward experimental chains of social hermit crabs
Authors: Steele Elliott P. , Laidre Mark E.
Published: April 2023

Social organisms form groups with diverse configurations. While the dynamics within social groups have been explored extensively, the perspective of individuals outside of groups has been considered less. Here, we studied social hermit crabs (Coenobita compressus) and experimentally tested the perspective of “outsiders”—individuals that were not yet part of a group but were actively searching for a group to join. Using architectural arrays of shells, we simulated a natural social structure—a “social chain”—in which all group members piggyback in sequence. We then tested how outsiders perceived experimentally simulated social chains, which we varied in orientation (horizontal vs. vertical) and which we arranged to be either socially ordered or disordered (i.e., all members arranged in order of size vs. randomly). Outsiders were more attracted to horizontally vs. vertically oriented chains, consistent with a specialization for detecting groups along the horizon. Outsiders were also more attracted to the long rather than the short side of horizontally oriented chains, consistent with the greater perceptual salience of the long side. Finally, outsiders were only marginally capable of determining where they belonged within groups—in terms of size matching—for ordered chains; and they showed no such capability for disordered chains. Broadly, our experiments suggest that a group's configuration, including both its orientation and social ordering, influences outsiders' perceptions and decisions.
Dual holding and bank risk
Authors: Bonini Stefano , Taatian Ali
Published: April 2023

Using the 2007–2009 financial crisis as a quasi‐natural experiment, we show that banks with investors holding simultaneously both equity and bonds (dual‐holders) exhibit lower risk and superior performance. Dual‐holders' influence is higher in more opaque banks, indicating that the mechanism of transmission is through a decrease in information asymmetry and a reduction in debtholder–shareholder conflict. This effect translates into higher unconditional and risk‐adjusted stock returns. These economically large results show that a market mechanism implemented by outside investors is strongly effective in mitigating excessive risk taking by banks thus providing important normative implications for the stability of financial systems.
Multi‐omic and spatial dissection of immunotherapy response groups in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Monkman James , Kim Honesty , Mayer Aaron , Mehdi Ahmed , Matigian Nicholas , Cumberbatch Marie , Bhagat Milan , Ladwa Rahul , Mueller Scott N. , Adams Mark N. , O'Byrne Ken , Kulasinghe Arutha
Published: April 2023

The composition and activation status of the cellular milieu contained within the tumour microenvironment (TME) is becoming increasingly recognized as a driving factor for immunotherapy response. Here, we employed multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC), and digital spatial profiling (DSP) to capture the targeted immune proteome and transcriptome of tumour and TME compartments from an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)‐treated (n = 41) non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient cohort. We demonstrate by mIHC that the interaction of CD68+ macrophages with PD1+, FoxP3+ cells is enriched in ICI refractory tumours (p = 0.012). Patients responsive to ICI therapy expressed higher levels of IL2 receptor alpha (CD25, p = 0.028) within their tumour compartments, which corresponded with increased IL2 mRNA (p = 0.001) within their stroma. In addition, stromal IL2 mRNA levels positively correlated with the expression of pro‐apoptotic markers cleaved caspase 9 (p = 2e−5) and BAD (p = 5.5e−4) and negatively with levels of memory marker, CD45RO (p = 7e−4). Immuno‐inhibitory markers CTLA‐4 (p = 0.021) and IDO‐1 (p = 0.023) were suppressed in ICI‐responsive patients. Tumour expression of CD44 was depleted in the responsive patients (p = 0.02), while higher stromal expression of one of its ligands, SPP1 (p = 0.008), was observed. Cox survival analysis also indicated tumour CD44 expression was associated with poorer prognosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.61, p = 0.01), consistent with its depletion in ICI‐responsive patients. Through multi‐modal approaches, we have dissected the characteristics of NSCLC immunotherapy treatment groups and provide evidence for the role of several markers including IL2, CD25, CD44 and SPP1 in the efficacy of current generations of ICI therapy.
Year one review: Staff perception on the implementation of the chair restraint on an adolescent psychiatric inpatient unit
Authors: Seney Valerie , Safford Jacqueline
Published: April 2023

This pediatric psychiatric mental health hospital implemented a new mechanical restraint, the chair restraint, as an additional safety management intervention, to join the already utilized six‐point board.

Purpose

The purpose of this project was to assess perceptions, thoughts, and feelings of psychiatric mental health nursing staff when utilizing the chair restraint on an adolescent unit. Furthermore, to explore decision making related to choosing the chair restraint verses choosing to use the six‐point board as a safety management intervention.

Methodology

This was a phenomenological qualitative study, utilizing semistructured interviews to explore the experiences of nursing staff, consisting of behavioral health specialists, and direct‐care staff nurses who work on an adolescent psychiatric unit utilizing both chair restraint and the six‐point board. Ten nursing staff were interviewed. Using thematic analysis, staff perceptions, thoughts, and feelings when using mechanical restraints for safety management were explored. Demographics were collected however, there was no variability in the responses and saturation was reached.

Findings

Five themes emerged from the interviews. The Five themes that emerged were: Restraint chair was less traumatic and preferred, feelings of defeat when de‐escalation was not successful, pushing away emotions as protection, units were short staffed, and patient behaviors were seen as a potential barrier to eliminating the six‐point board.

Conclusion

The results of this study will be used to guide to further develop behavioral health education, orientation for new staff, and to understand ways to support staff through their experiences in managing a patient's unsafe behaviors.
Adverse events in patients treated with Jak‐inhibitors for alopecia areata: A systematic review
Authors: Sechi Andrea , Song Junhyuk , Dell'Antonia Massimo , Heidemeyer Kristine , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Starace Michela , Naldi Luigi
Published: April 2023

Recently, the impressive efficacy of JAK‐inhibitors (JAK‐I) in alopecia areata (AA) has been described in several studies; however, to date, there is limited information on the safety of JAK‐I in AA patients. For this reason, on 18 August 2022, a systematic review was performed to collect the premarketing and postmarketing data on the safety of JAK‐I in patients treated for AA, evaluating for each molecule the reported adverse events (AEs) in indexed literature and their frequency. The keywords ‘alopecia areata’ AND ‘Jak‐inhibitors OR Janus‐kinase Inhibitors’ were searched on PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases.

Of 407 studies retrieved, 28 papers met the requirements and were used in our review, including five RCTs and 23 case series; overall, 1719 patients were included, and the safety of 6 JAK‐I was assessed (baricitinib, brepocitinib, deuruxolitinib, ritlecitinib, ruxolitinib and tofacitinib). Systemic JAK‐I were well‐tolerated, most of the AEs were mild, and the withdrawal rate for AEs was very low and inferior to placebo in controlled studies (1.6% vs. 2.2%). Laboratory abnormalities represented 40.1% of AEs associated with oral JAK‐I, which mostly included the rise in cholesterol, transaminase, triglycerides, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and sporadic cases of neutro/lymphocytopenia. The remaining AEs involved the respiratory tract (20.8%), the skin (17.2%), the urogenital (3.8%), or the gastroenterological (3.4%) tract. Increased rates of infections involved not only the upper (19.0%) and lower (0.3%) respiratory tract, but also the urogenital system (3.6%) and the skin (4.6%). Isolated cases of grade 3 to 4 AEs have been reported, including myocardial infarction, hypertensive urgencies, cellulitis, rhabdomyolysis, neutropenia and high elevation of creatinine kinase. No fatal outcomes were reported. AEs reported with topical formulation included scalp irritation and folliculitis.

The main limit of this review is the lack of data related to postmarketing surveillance, which should be maintained on a long‐term basis.
Process optimization for drying of Shrimp (Metapenaeus dobsoni) under hot air‐assisted microwave drying technology using response surface methodology
Authors: Alfiya P. V. , Rajesh G. K. , Murali S. , Delfiya D. S. Aniesrani , Samuel Manoj P. , Prince M. V. , Sudheer K. P.
Published: April 2023

The study was carried out to optimize the drying conditions of shrimp in the hot air‐assisted microwave drying system using response surface methodology. The drying experiments were performed using a Box–Behnken design with air temperature (50–70°C), air velocity (.5–1.5 m/s), and microwave power level (600–1000 W) as independent variables and drying time, water activity, and rehydration ratio as independent variables. The obtained response variables were fitted into the various regression equations to predict a suitable model. The methodology of desired function was applied to indicate 61.74°C air temperature, 922.61 W microwave power, and 1.0 m/s air velocity which offered a reduced drying time of 2.8 h, the water activity of .424 and improved rehydration ratio of 2.51, respectively with a desirability value of .949. The moisture content, drying efficiency, shrinkage, and total color change were determined for the samples obtained under optimized conditions and were observed as 16.5% (w.b), 35.71%, 14.14%, and 16.95 ± 2.14, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of dried shrimp showed the formation of pores of diameters ranging from 3.17 to 10.6 μm. The process parameters optimized under the study for hot air‐assisted microwave drying can be used for the production of good‐quality dried shrimps.

Practical applications

Generally, fish and fish products are dried in the open sun or solar dryers in most developing countries. The traditional methods offer the least process controls with maximum energy and manpower demand to meet the ever‐growing industry requirements with increased awareness of the safety and quality of the dried products. The hot air‐assisted microwave (HAMW) drying system developed under the study could have complete control over the process parameters without compromising the quality of the dried product. The study suggests the HAMW drying system as a potential means of drying technique for large‐scale commercial production of dried shrimps.
Hyperlipasemia in dogs with acute kidney injury treated with and without hemodialysis
Authors: Bendeler Kim S. , Howard Judith , Francey Thierry , Schweighauser Ariane , Peters Laureen M.
Published: April 2023

Background

Hyperlipasemia has been reported in dogs with acute kidney injury (AKI) but associations with AKI severity, hemodialysis (HD) treatment, and outcome have not been extensively evaluated.

Objectives

Investigate the prevalence and clinical relevance of hyperlipasemia in dogs with AKI, treated with and without HD.

Animals

Client‐owned dogs (n = 125) with AKI.

Methods

Retrospective data extraction from medical records, including signalment, cause of AKI, duration of hospitalization, survival, plasma creatinine concentration, and 1,2‐o‐dilauryl‐rac‐glycero‐3‐glutaric acid‐(6′‐methyresorufin) ester (DGGR) lipase activity at admission and throughout hospitalization.

Results

A DGGR‐lipase activity >3× the upper reference limit (URL) was found in 28.8% and 55.4% of dogs at admission and during hospitalization, respectively, but only 8.8% and 14.9% of dogs, respectively, were diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Hyperlipasemia >10 × URL was observed in 32.7% of dogs during hospitalization. The DGGR‐lipase activity was higher in dogs with International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) Grades 4–5 than Grades 1–3, but correlation between DGGR‐lipase activity and creatinine concentration was poor (rs = .22; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.04–0.38). Treatment with HD was not associated with DGGR‐lipase activity independent of IRIS grade. Survival to discharge and 30 days after admission was 65.6% and 59.6%, respectively. High IRIS grades (P = .03) and high DGGR‐lipase activity at admission (P = .02) and during hospitalization (P = .003) were associated with nonsurvival.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Hyperlipasemia is frequent and often marked in dogs with AKI despite only a minority being diagnosed with pancreatitis. Hyperlipasemia is associated with AKI severity but not independently with HD treatment. High IRIS grade and hyperlipasemia were associated with nonsurvival.
A rare case of primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the central nervous system
Authors: Aziz Khan Adil , Ahuja Sana , Zaheer Sufian
Published: April 2023

Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the brain is an extremely rare presentation, with only a few previous case reports. We describe a primary NEC arising from the left parieto‐occipital lobe. The 55‐year‐old patient presented with complaints of headache and dizziness for the preceding 7 months. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large ill‐defined mass in the left parieto‐occipital lobe, with possible differential diagnosis of meningioma. A craniotomy was performed, and a firm vascular tumor was removed. Histopathological examination revealed a large cell NEC. Immunohistochemistry was performed to exclude the possibility of an extracranial primary. Based on the immunohistochemical expression and absence of any extracranial tumor on positron emission tomography, the diagnosis of primary NEC of the brain was made. It is important to differentiate between primary and metastatic neuroendocrine tumors because they show a significant difference in prognosis and treatment.