bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meaningful and Memorable Learning: Integrating TPR and Youtube Videos to teach Vocabulary
Authors: Nurul Hidayati Istiqlaliah
Published: June 2020

The teaching of vocabulary is very essential in teaching a particular language. In Indonesia, English is taught from kindergarten up to higher educations. Unfortunately not all of the teachers in those levels especially in kindergartens and primary schools major in English or at least have good English proficiency. That is why English Language Education Study Program, the Faculty of Teacher Trainings and Educational Sciences, Pakuan University always conducts community service to provide trainings to teachers from any part of the city. The first thing done before the community service was doing need analysis. In 2019, the result of the need analysis was the teaching of vocabulary which is fun and meaningful. 28 teachers were involved in this research. They were divided into two groups to conduct experiment. From the experiment, it is proven that the training given to the teachers increase their understanding about TPR and the teaching of vocabulary. The teachers were also given questionnaire to find out their perception on the use of TPR and YouTube and from the questionnaire the teachers think that  their knowledge on the teaching using TPR increased their knowledge and they can find benefits in using TPR and YouTube in the classroom namely: the use of TPR itself can help them accommodate students’ different learning styles, teach vocabulary in context so that it is more meaningful, and the teaching learning situation becomes more fun.
Sources of News about Military Operations against Boko Haram Insurgents in Nigeria Newspapers: a Content Analysis Investigation
Authors: Ndinojuo Ben-Collins Emeka , Ihejirika Walter , Okon Godwin
Published: June 2020

Nigerian military has been battling Boko Haram insurgents since 2009 with mixed successes amid claims that Nigerian troops were reluctant to engage the terrorists because the media framed the group as winning the battle, therefore, this study investigated the sources of news about military operations against Boko Haram. The theories supporting this research were the Agenda Setting and Framing Theory. Using content analysis of four Nigerian dailies; Daily Trust, Premium Times, The Nation & Vanguard, the research analysed sources of news about military operations against Boko Haram from 2014-2016. Findings revealed 185 stories with an average of 1.5 sources, most are identified by their full names, most stories are reported with sources from mainly one side of the divide without corroboration and the dominant sources were military sources. There was no factual basis supporting media bias against Nigerian newspapers, instead media reports were more in support of military positions.
Approximation Properties of Discrete Fourier Sums in Polynomials
Orthogonal on Non-Uniform Grids
Authors: Нурмагомедов А.А.
Published: June 2020

В данной работе для произвольной непрерывной на отрезке $[-1, 1]$ функции $f(x)$ в~случае целых положительных $\alpha$ и $\beta$ построены дискретные суммы Фурье $S_{n,N}^{\alpha,\beta}(f,x)$ по системе многочленов $\{\hat{p}_{k,N}^{\alpha,\beta}(x)\}_{k=0}^{N-1},$ образующих ортонормированную систему на неравномерных сетках $\Omega_N=\{x_j\}_{j=0}^{N-1},$ состоящих из конечного числа $N$ точек отрезка $[-1, 1]$ с весом типа Якоби. Исследуются аппроксимативные свойства построенных частных сумм $S_{n,N}^{\alpha,\beta}(f,x)$ порядка $n\leq{N-1}$ в~пространстве непрерывных функциий $C[-1, 1].$ А именно, получена двусторонняя поточечная оценка для функции Лебега $L_{n,N}^{\alpha,\beta}(x)$ рассматриваемых дискретных сумм Фурье при $n=O\big(\delta_N^{-1/(\lambda+3)}\big)$, $\lambda=\max\{\alpha, \beta\}$, $\delta_N=\max_{0\leq{j}\leq{N-1}}\Delta{t_j}$. Соответственно, исследован также вопрос сходимости $S_{n,N}^{\alpha,\beta}(f,x)$ к $f(x)$. В частности, получена оценка отклонения частичной суммы $S_{n,N}^{\alpha,\beta}(f,x)$ от $f(x)$ при $n=O\big(\delta_N^{-1/(\lambda+3)}\big),$ которая также зависит от~$n$ и положения точки $x\in[-1, 1].$
Знаковые графы эквивалентности степени тоша
Authors: Rajendra R. , Redy P. S. K.
Published: June 2020

The Tosha-degree of an edge $\alpha $ in a graph $\Gamma$ without multiple edges, denoted by $T(\alpha)$, is the number of edges adjacent to $\alpha$ in $\Gamma$, with self-loops counted twice. A signed graph (marked graph) is an ordered pair $\Sigma=(\Gamma,\sigma)$ ($\Sigma =(\Gamma, \mu)$), where $\Gamma=(V,E)$ is a graph called the underlying graph of $\Sigma$ and $\sigma : E \rightarrow \{+,-\}$ ($\mu : V \rightarrow \{+,-\}$) is
a function. In this paper, we define the Tosha-degree equivalence signed graph of a given signed graph and offer a switching equivalence characterization of signed graphs that are switching equivalent to Tosha-degree equivalence signed graphs and $ k^{th}$ iterated Tosha-degree equivalence signed graphs. It is shown that for any signed
graph $\Sigma$, its Tosha-degree equivalence signed graph $T(\Sigma)$ is balanced and we offer a
structural characterization of Tosha-degree equivalence signed graphs
Approximation of Bivariate Functions
by Fourier-Tchebychev ``Circular'' Sums in $L_{2,\rho}$
Authors: Джурахонов О.А.
Published: June 2020

В работе вычислены точные верхние грани приближения функций двух переменных круговыми частичными суммами двойного ряда
Фурье - Чебышева на классе функций $L_{2,\rho}^{(r)} (D)$,
$r\in \mathbb{N},$ в пространстве $L_{2,\rho}:=L_{2,\rho}(Q)$, где
$\rho:=\rho(x,y)=1/\sqrt{(1-x^{2})(1-y^{2})}$, $Q:=\{(x,y):-1\leq
x,y\leq1\}$, $D$ - оператор Чебышева - Эрмита второго порядка.
Получены точные неравенства, в которых величины наилучших
полиномиальных приближений оцениваются сверху посредством
усредненных с весом значений обобщенных модулей непрерывности $m$-го порядка производной $D^r f$ $(r\in \mathbb{Z}_+)$ в метрике пространства $L_{2,\rho}$. Даны точные оценки наилучших приближений двойного ряда Фурье по ортогональным системам Фурье - Чебышева на классах функций многих переменных, характеризующихся обобщенным модулем непрерывности. Так как, в отличие от одномерного случая для двойных рядов, нет естественного способа построения частичных сумм, то мы строим некоторые классы функций, а затем соответствующий метод
приближения - "круговые" частичные суммы двойного ряда
Фуре - Чебышева. В вопросах, связанных с разложениями функций в ряд Фурье по тригонометрической системе и оценки их наилучших
приближений, большую роль играют операторы сдвига. В работе,
указывая на некоторые ранее известные результаты, построен оператор обобщенного сдвига, который позволяет определить класс
функций, характеризующийся обобщенным модулем непрерывности. На этих классах вычислена верхняя грань значений, наилучшее среднеквадратическое приближение некоторых классов функций
"круговыми" частичными суммами двойных рядов Фурье - Чебышева.
Los inicios de la prosa castellana en el Perú
Authors: Coello Óscar
Published: June 2020

El presente artículo estudia los dos textos más importantes con los que se inicia la prosa castellana en el Perú: el Códex vindobunensis y el Anónimo sevillano. En un momento en que la historia era un género literario, el trabajo escruta los momentos de la ficción, así como los recursos retóricos presentes en estos dos primeros discursos artísticos. Complementariamente, resalta el caso de la fundación de Piura que precisa el Anónimo.
La (in)trascendencia del amor: un análisis de la teleserie Qué vida más triste
Authors: Acevedo Zárate Álvaro Domingo
Published: June 2020

Esta investigación tiene por objetivo indagar acerca de cuál es la función que se le atribuye al amor en la construcción de la identidad de un sujeto cínico a través del análisis del diálogo y el lenguaje corporal. Para ello, se analiza la serie española Qué vida más triste, producción audiovisual que se transmitió, primero, por la plataforma de videos YouTube y, luego, por televisión entre los años 2005 y 2010. Esta serie es analizada a la luz de los planteamientos filosóficos de Peter Sloterdijk, Alain Badiou y Slavoj Žižek, así como la teoría psicoanalítica de Jacques Lacan. Las conclusiones a las que se llegan nos muestran que la serie plantea que el sujeto cínico, para serlo, debe renunciar a un encuentro «real» con el otro, dado que vive ensimismado en la búsqueda de su propio goce y ve a las demás personas como meros instrumentos. Sin embargo, la serie también plantea que hay una manera de romper con el aislamiento del sujeto cínico: el amor. Pero un amor vivido como lo que el filósofo francés Alain Badiou llama «un proceso de verdad», pues si se vive de otra manera, el amor pierde toda su potencia liberadora y se convierte en un mero simulacro que no hace sino reafirmar al sujeto en su cinismo y, por ende, en su aislamiento.
Paul Braudy. El arte antiguo de la cetrería. Editorial Peisa. Lima. 2017, pp. 141.
Authors: Gómez Carbonel Piero
Published: June 2020

Reseña:

Paul Braudy. El arte antiguo de la cetrería. Editorial Peisa. Lima. 2017, pp. 141.

Quienes gustamos de la literatura del boom y especialmente de las escrituras de Julio Ramón Ribeyro, Mario Vargas Llosa, Alfredo Bryce y quizá de un Jorge Luis Borges tenemos en estos referentes una garantía suficiente para la lectura de este libro de cuentos. Si bien no es el calco de estos escritores, el lector puede encontrar sin muchos esfuerzos algunos de sus rasgos más característicos: el entrecruce de
géneros dicursivos en algunos momentos, la referencia histórica para recrear un arco dramático que sirva de soporte para reflexiones sobre la humanidad, el humor irónico, las técnicas de la narración intercalada y, por supuesto, una historia siempre centrada en los personajes, como dicta Ribeyro: «El cuento debe contar una historia». Los cuatro cuentos se sirven como una recreación libre de todas estas formas narrativas
para ofrecer relatos que avanzan sin dificultades en la comprensión de lo que verdaderamente se discute en cada uno de ellos: la muerte, simbólica, material o física.
COVID-19 SALGINININ ALTIN FİYATLARI, PETROL FİYATLARI VE VIX ENDEKSİ İLE ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ
Authors: SARI Salim Sercan , KARTAL Taha
Published: June 2020

Covid-19 Koronavirüs salgını döneminde oluşan korku ve belirsizlik finansal piyasalarda ve emtia piyasalarında oynaklığın artışına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışma Covid-19’un finansal piyasalar ve emtia piyasaları üzerinde önemli etkilerinin olduğunu göstermek amacıyla yapılmıştır. 22 0cak 2020 ve 20 Nisan 2020 dönemi dikkate alınmış ve günlük veriler kullanılarak analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Covid-19 günlük vaka sayılarının, ARDL Sınır Testi kullanılarak altın fiyatları, petrol fiyatları ve VIX Endeksi üzerindeki muhtemel etkisi incelenmiştir. Ulaşılan sonuçlara göre vaka sayıları ve altın fiyatları arasında aynı yönlü ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Benzer şekilde vaka sayıları ve VIX Endeksi arasında da aynı yönlü bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Ancak vaka sayıları ve petrol fiyatları arasında herhangi bir eş bütünleşme ilişkisi tespit edilememiştir. Çalışmada ulaşılan sonuçlar, Covid-19 vaka sayılarının altın fiyatları ve VIX Endeksini önemli derecede etkilediğini göstermiştir.
РECULIARITIES OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT DEGREES OF OBESITY DURING SURGICAL AND RADIATION TREATMENT
Authors: Prokhach N. , Sorochan P. , Gromakova I. , Shevtsov V. , Shutov S.
Published: June 2020

Purpose. Determination of the baseline peculiarities and dynamics of the quality of life (QOL) in patients with breast cancer (BC) with obesity during surgical and radiation treatment.

Materials and methods. 45 patients with stage II–III breast cancer were examined at the stages of combined treatment. The levels of insulin, leptin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the blood serum and hematological parameters were determined. All patients underwent an anthropometric examination and calculated body mass index (BMI). The analysis of heart rate variability was performed using the methods of time and spectral analysis and the method of variational pulsometry. Assessment of QOL was performed using the QLQ-C30 questionnaire.

The results. All patients were divided into 4 groups based on BMI. The level of QOL and the severity of psychosomatic disorders (PD) before the start of therapy, after surgical and radiation treatment were analyzed. A low level of QOL and the highest severity of PD in patients with degree III obesity at all stages of treatment were established. The most significant predictors of the development of individual PD in patients with breast cancer have been established.

Conclusions. In patients with breast cancer who receive anticancer treatment, the level of QOL, the number and severity of PD depends on the degree of obesity. The most significant predictors of PD development are glucose, IL-6, index of centralization and BMI.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF CARCINOGENESIS IN THE DEVELOPING OF GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: Кrasnoselskyi N. , Movchan O. , Ponomariov I.
Published: June 2020

Purpose of the work: the ability to increase the effectiveness of comprehensive treatment of patients with stomach cancer by individualization based on the definition of carcinogenesis indicators of the malignant process.

Materials and methods: 80 patients with stomach cancer were examined, who were identified by MSI on loci VAT 25; VAT 26, the proliferation index of Ki-67 and the p53 gene mutation. The frequency of wild and mutant variants of the p53 gene was studied according to statement of the VAT 25 ta VAT 26 genes stability. In order to assess the prolefethative potential of cells in stomach cancer, the tumor tissue studied the expression of Ki-67, depending on the presence of instability of microsatellites in the loci VAT 25 ta VAT 26. The level of proliferation activity was also assessed depending on the presence of a p53 mutation.

Results: The presence of MSI in tumor cells on the locus of VAT 25, there was in most cases a wild version of the gene p53. The absence of MSI according to these loces, the p53 mutation was observed more often. When comparing the differences between them, there were found that in the absence of MSN on VAT 26, the ratio between the absence of a p53 mutation and its presence was reliably different from the ratio of instability. That is why, this can be argued that in stomach cancer mutation of the p53 gene was observed mainly in tumors with the absence of MSN on loci VAT 25 ta 26.

Conclusions. And now has been proven, that the data suggest that there are a multifaceted genetic disorder in carcinogenesis. In tumors with preserved function of stability genes, that is why, with the possibility of restoring chromosomal breakdowns, the occurrence and proliferation of malignant cells is associated with the violation of apoptosis at critical points in the process of cell division. In this case, this realize due to the impossibility of mutant form of the p53 gene to synthesize the necessary quarter configuration of the corresponding protein with the latter’s continued inability to stop the process of DNA replication.

In this topic has been established that the mutation of the main control gene leads to loss of control over DNA and can contribute to the emergence of a malignant cell, and further loss of cell differentiation is caused by other factors. Furthermore has been revealed that the proliferative activity of swollen cells in stomach cancer has a clear association with the instability of microsatellites on both studied loca of chromosomes.
FEATURES OF INTENSIVE THERAPY OF ENTERAL INSUFFICIENCY SYNDROME IN CANCER PATIENTS AFTER MULTIORGAN OPERATIONS
Authors: Krasnoselskyi М. , Krutko Y. , Pavlyuchenko O.
Published: June 2020

Purpose. To determine the features of intensive care of enteral insufficiency syndrome (EIS) in cancer patients after multiorgan surgery.

Materials and methods. The work is based on the analysis of data from the literature and the survey of 36 cancer patients who underwent multiorgan thoracic, abdominal, retroperitoneal operative interventions. The severity of patients’ status was assessed using SOFA scale depending on the stage of ESI. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the bacterial flora of intestinal contents was studied.

Results. The increase in number of advanced and multi-organ surgery in cancer treatment can be noted. Statistical data showed that in 2018–2019 operative interventions on the chest organs comprised 47 %, and on abdominal cavity — 51 %. Regardless of the localization of surgery on various anatomical and physiological sites, the enteral insufficiency manifests in 39 % of all surgical interventions. The mortality rate due to enteral insufficiency is about 46 %, and SPOI complications are noted in 78 % of cases. Compensated and subcompensated EI in the postoperative period occurs in 95 %. A new method of electrochemical detoxication using sodium hypochlorite was suggested for EI patients treatment in order to reduce the indices of their pathogenic gut microbocenosis.

This method allowed to decrease the yield of E. сoli by 57,5 %, Enterococcus faecalis — by 72,3 % during the first day. At the end of study the yield of Staphilococcus xylosus dropped by 84,3 %, Candida lusitaniae and Candida spp. — by 98,3 %. Enterobacter aggomerans was reduced by 50,4 %, Staphilococcus haemolyticus and St. aureus — by 56,8 %.

Conclusions. Treatment of patients with SEI allowed to decrease the rate of complications 1.4 times, the treatment time in intensive care departmet was shortened 1.7 times, treatment costs were reduced 2.4 times. Thus, it seems reasonable to pay more attention to the enteral insufficiency, particlualrly to disturbances of microbiocenosis as a marker of septic complications, in routine clinical practice.
ПРАКТИЧНІ РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ ЩОДО ЛІКУВАННЯ ХВОРИХ НА РАК ГРУДНОЇ ЗАЛОЗИ (Повідомлення 1)
Authors: Мужичук О.В. , Пономарьов І.М.
Published: June 2020

ПРАКТИЧНІ РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ ЩОДО ЛІКУВАННЯ ХВОРИХ НА РАК ГРУДНОЇ ЗАЛОЗИ (Повідомлення 1)
When Banks Punch Back
Authors: Catalan Mario , Hoffmaister Alexander
Published: June 2020

In the presence of adverse macroeconomic shocks, simultaneous capital losses in multiple banks can prompt them to contract their balance sheets. These bank responses generate externalities that propagate in the form of macro-financial feedback loops. This paper develops a credit response and externalities analysis model (CREAM) that integrates a disaggregated banking sector into an otherwise standard macroeconomic structural vector autoregressive model. It shows that accounting for macro-financial feedback loops can significantly affect macroeconomic outcomes and bank-specific stress tests results. The heterogeneity in bank lending responses matters: it determines how each bank fares under adverse conditions and the external effects that banks impose on each other and on economic activity. The model can thus be used to assess the contributions of individual banks to systemic risk along the time dimension.
Bangladesh
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the mission was to assist the Bangladesh Bank (BB) in progressing on the compilation of a residential property price index (RPPI). This will be the first technical assistance (TA) mission to Bangladesh on the RPPI to be conducted under the auspices of the Data for Decisions Fund (D4D). The aim of the mission is to assist the BB in improving data for RPPI compilation and to compile an experimental RPPI.
Guatemala
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Published: June 2020

Guatemala has enjoyed a prolonged period of macroeconomic stability underpinned by prudent fiscal management and a credible monetary policy. Despite strong fundamentals, Guatemala’s social and economic model has proved vulnerable to the COVID-19 outbreak. Limited healthcare coverage, especially of the poor and rural populations, pose a substantial challenge to contain the spread of the virus. Amidst plummeting remittances and essential containment measures, growth prospects have deteriorated markedly, creating large fiscal and external financing needs. Risks to the outlook are firmly tilted to the downside.
Rwanda
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: June 2020

As explained in IMF Country Report No. 20/115, COVID-19 has had a severe economic impact on Rwanda through the implementation of strict domestic measures to contain the spread of the virus and related global spillovers. The authorities have responded by deploying health and economic measures totaling USD 311 million
(3.3 percent of GDP). They have also set up an economic recovery fund to support firms affected by the pandemic. To help address the urgent balance of payments (BOP) need arising from the pandemic, currently estimated at about USD 433 million, the authorities request an additional disbursement under the Rapid Credit Facility (RCF) of 50 percent of quota (SDR 80.1 million) under the “exogenous shock” window of the RCF. This follows the Executive Board’s approval on April 2, 2020 of the authorities’ earlier request for the same amount, before the doubling of the annual access limit of emergency financing under the “exogenous shock” window of the RCF to 100 percent of quota on April 9, 2020. This additional request will bring the total disbursement under the RCF to 100 percent of quota.
Microphysics and dynamics of snowfall associated with a warm conveyor belt over Korea
Authors: Gehring Josué , Oertel Annika , Vignon Étienne , Jullien Nicolas , Besic Nikola , Berne Alexis
Published: June 2020

Abstract. On 28 February 2018, 57 mm of precipitation associated with a warm conveyor belt (WCB) fell within 21 h over South Korea. To investigate how the large-scale circulation influenced the microphysics of this intense precipitation event, we used radar measurements, snowflake photographs and radiosounding data from the International Collaborative Experiments for Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games (ICE-POP 2018).
The WCB was identified with trajectories computed with analysis wind fields from the Integrated Forecast System global atmospheric model. The WCB was collocated with a zone of enhanced wind speed of up to 45 m s−1 at 6500 m a.s.l., as measured by a radiosonde and a Doppler radar. Supercooled liquid water (SLW) with concentrations exceeding 0.2 g kg−1 was produced during the rapid ascent within the WCB. During the most intense precipitation period, vertical profiles of polarimetric radar variables show a peak and subsequent decrease in differential reflectivity as aggregation starts. Below the peak in differential reflectivity, the specific differential phase shift continues to increase, indicating early riming of oblate crystals and secondary ice generation. We hypothesise that the SLW produced in the WCB led to intense riming. Moreover, embedded updraughts in the WCB and turbulence at its lower boundary enhanced aggregation by increasing the probability of collisions between particles.
This suggests that both aggregation and riming occurred prominently in this WCB. This case study shows how the large-scale atmospheric flow of a WCB provides ideal conditions for rapid precipitation growth involving SLW production, riming and aggregation. Future microphysical studies should also investigate the synoptic conditions to understand how observed processes in clouds are related to large-scale circulation.
Why do models perform differently on particulate matter over East Asia? A multi-model intercomparison study for MICS-Asia III
Authors: Tan Jiani , Fu Joshua S. , Carmichael Gregory R. , Itahashi Syuichi , Tao Zhining , Huang Kan , Dong Xinyi , Yamaji Kazuyo , Nagashima Tatsuya , Wang Xuemei , Liu Yiming , Lee Hyo-Jung , Lin Chuan-Yao , Ge Baozhu , Kajino Mizuo , Zhu Jia , Zhang Meigen , Liao Hong , Wang Zifa
Published: June 2020

Abstract. This study compares the performance of 12 regional
chemical transport models (CTMs) from the third phase of the Model
Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia III) on simulating the
particulate matter (PM) over East Asia (EA) in 2010. The participating
models include the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ; v4.7.1 and v5.0.2), the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System coupled with CMAQ (RAMS-CMAQ; v4.7.1 and v5.0.2), the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem; v3.6.1 and v3.7.1), Goddard Earth Observing System coupled with chemistry (GEOS-Chem), a non-hydrostatic model coupled with chemistry (NHM-Chem), the Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System (NAQPMS) and the NASA-Unified WRF (NU-WRF). This study investigates three model processes as the possible reasons for different model performances on PM.
(1) Models perform very differently in the gas–particle conversion of
sulfur (S) and oxidized nitrogen (N). The model differences in sulfur
oxidation ratio (50 %) are of the same magnitude as that in SO42-
concentrations. The gas–particle conversion is one of the main reasons for
different model performances on fine mode PM. (2) Models without dust
emission modules can perform well on PM10 at non-dust-affected sites
but largely underestimate (up to 50 %) the PM10 concentrations at
dust sites. The implementation of dust emission modules in the models has
largely improved the model accuracies at dust sites (reduce model bias to
−20 %). However, both the magnitude and distribution of dust pollution
are not fully captured. (3) The amounts of modeled depositions vary among
models by 75 %, 39 %, 21 % and 38 % for S wet, S dry, N wet and N
dry depositions, respectively. Large inter-model differences are found in
the washout ratios of wet deposition (at most 170 % in India) and dry
deposition velocities (generally 0.3–2 cm s−1 differences over inland
regions).
Case study of a humidity layer above Arctic stratocumulus using balloon-borne turbulence and radiation measurements and large eddy simulations
Authors: Egerer Ulrike , Ehrlich André , Gottschalk Matthias , Neggers Roel A. J. , Siebert Holger , Wendisch Manfred
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Specific humidity inversions occur frequently in the Arctic. The formation of these inversions is often associated with large scale advection of humid air. However, small-scale boundary layer processes interacting with the humidity inversions are not fully understood yet. In this study, we analyze a three-day period of a persistent layer of increased specific humidity above a stratocumulus cloud observed during an Arctic field campaign in June 2017. The tethered balloon system BELUGA (Balloon-bornE moduLar Utility for profilinG the lower Atmosphere) recorded high-resolution vertical profile measurements of turbulence and radiation in the atmospheric boundary layer. We find that the humidity inversion and the cloud layer are coupled by eddy dissipation, extending above the cloud boundary and linking both layers through turbulent mixing. One case reveals a strong negative virtual sensible heat flux at cloud top (eddy covariance estimate of −15 W/m2), indicating entrainment of humid air from above into the cloud layer. Large Eddy Simulations (LES) based on field campaign data are conducted to supplement the flux measurements. Independent experiments for two days confirm the observed entrainment of humid air, reproducing the observed negative turbulent fluxes of heat and moisture at cloud top. The LES realizations suggest that in the presence of a humidity layer the cloud layer remains thicker and the inversion height is slightly raised, reproducing results from previous idealized LES studies. While this acts to prevent cloud collapse, it remains unclear how the additional moisture is processed in the cloud and how exactly it contributes to the longevity of Arctic cloud layers.
Thermocline depth and euphotic zone thickness regulate the abundance of diazotrophic cyanobacteria in Lake Tanganyika
Authors: Ehrenfels Benedikt , Bartosiewicz Maciej , Mbonde Athanasio S. , Baumann Kathrin B. L. , Dinkel Christian , Junker Julian , Kamulali Tumaini , Kimirei Ismael A. , Odermatt Daniel , Pomati Francesco , Sweke Emmanuel A. , Wehrli Bernhard
Published: June 2020

Abstract. In spite of the fact that cyanobacterial blooms are classically associated with high nutrient loadings, there is also abundant evidence revealing that nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria (diazotrophs) can prevail under oligotrophic conditions. The mechanisms favouring diazotrophs in oligotrophic water bodies remain, however, poorly resolved. Here we analyse biogeochemical and ecological factors regulating the distribution of nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria in the oligotrophic Lake Tanganyika using sensor profiles of hydrodynamic conditions, nutrient and pigment analyses, as well as phytoplankton community assessment. During periods of stable or re-establishing water column stratification, we find evidence that the location of the thermocline and the euphotic depth can create a functional niche for diazotrophic cyanobacteria: Nitrogen limitation provides an ecological advantage for an apparent mutualistic interaction between diazotrophs and diatoms when the upward transport of nitrate into the euphotic zone is reduced by a subjacent thermocline. Diazotrophs, comprising the filamentous genera Dolichospermum and Anabaenopsis, are key players under these conditions (up to 41.7 % of phytoplankton community), while they are rare otherwise. By contrast, a thermocline located within the euphotic zone allows rapid vertical transport of nitrate for a thriving nitrate assimilating phytoplankton community that evidently outcompetes diazotrophs. Finally, multiple observations of relatively high diazotroph densities in the upwelling region in the South of Lake Tanganyika imply that they may additionally thrive under high nutrient conditions, when nitrogen is heavily deficient with respect to phosphorous. This study highlights that, under nitrogen deficient conditions, cyanobacterial blooms may form in response to reduced nutrient fluxes to the productive surface waters.
The role of prior assumptions in carbon budget calculations
Authors: Sanderson Benjamin
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Cumulative emissions budgets and net-zero emission target dates are often used to frame climate negotiations (Frame et al., 2014; Millar et al., 2016; Van Vuuren et al., 2016; Rogelj et al., 2015b; Matthews et al., 2012). However, their utility for near-term policy decisions is confounded by uncertainties in future negative emissions capacity (Fuss et al., 2014; Smith et al., 2016; Larkin et al., 2018; Anderson and Peters, 2016), in the role of non-CO2 forcers (MacDougall et al., 2015) and in the long-term Earth system response to forcing (Rugenstein et al., 2019; Knutti et al., 2017; Armour, 2017). Such uncertainties may impact the utility of an absolute carbon budget if peak temperatures occur significantly after net-zero emissions are achieved, the likelihood of which is shown here to be conditional on prior assumptions about the long-term dynamics of the Earth system. In the context of these uncertainties, we show that the necessity and scope for negative emissions deployment later in the century can be conditioned on near-term emissions, providing support for a scenario framework which focuses on emissions reductions rather than absolute budgets (Rogelj et al., 2019b).
CLASSIC v1.0: the open-source community successor to the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) and the Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CTEM) – Part 1: Model framework and site-level performance
Authors: Melton Joe R. , Arora Vivek K. , Wisernig-Cojoc Eduard , Seiler Christian , Fortier Matthew , Chan Ed , Teckentrup Lina
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Recent reports by the Global Carbon Project highlight large uncertainties around land surface processes such as land use change, strength of CO2 fertilization, nutrient limitation and supply, and response to variability in climate. Process-based land surface models are well suited to address these complex and emerging global change problems but will require extensive development and evaluation. The coupled Canadian Land Surface Scheme and Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CLASS-CTEM) framework has been under continuous development by Environment and Climate Change Canada since 1987. As the open-source model of code development has revolutionized the software industry, scientific software is experiencing a similar evolution. Given the scale of the challenge facing land surface modellers, and the benefits of open-source, or community model, development, we have transitioned CLASS-CTEM from an internally developed model to an open-source community model, which we call the Canadian Land Surface Scheme including Biogeochemical Cycles (CLASSIC) v.1.0. CLASSIC contains many technical features specifically designed to encourage community use including software containerization for serial and parallel simulations, extensive benchmarking software and data (Automated Model Benchmarking; AMBER), self-documenting code, community standard formats for model inputs and outputs, amongst others. Here, we evaluate and benchmark CLASSIC against 31 FLUXNET sites where the model has been tailored to the site-level conditions and driven with observed meteorology. Future versions of CLASSIC will be developed using AMBER and these initial benchmark results to evaluate model performance over time. CLASSIC remains under active development and the code, site-level benchmarking data, software container, and AMBER are freely available for community use.
Modeling the response of soil moisture to climate variability in the Mediterranean region
Authors: Mimeau Louise , Tramblay Yves , Brocca Luca , Massari Christian , Camici Stefania , Finaud-Guyot Pascal
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Future climate scenarios for the Mediterranean region indicate a possible decrease in annual precipitation associated with an intensification of extreme rainfall events in the coming years. A major challenge in this region is to evaluate the impacts of changing precipitation patterns on extreme hydrological events such as droughts and floods. For this, it is important to understand the impact of climate change on soil moisture since it is a proxy for agricultural droughts and the antecedent soil moisture condition plays a key role on runoff generation. This study focuses on 10 sites, located in Southern France, with available soil moisture, temperature, and precipitation observations on a 10 year time period. Soil moisture is simulated at each site at the hourly time step using a model of soil water content. The sensitivity of the simulated soil moisture to different changes in precipitation and temperature is evaluated by simulating the soil moisture response to temperature and precipitation scenarios generated using a delta change method for temperature and a stochastic model (Neyman-Scott rectangular pulse model) for precipitation. Results show that soil moisture is more impacted by changes in precipitation intermittence than precipitation intensity and temperature. Overall, increased temperature and precipitation intensity associated with more intermittent precipitation leads to decreased soil moisture and an increase in the annual number of days with dry soil moisture conditions. In particular, a temperature increase of +4 °C combined with a decrease of annual rainfall between 10 and 20 %, corresponding to the current available climate scenarios for the Mediterranean, lead to a lengthening of the drought period from June to October 15 with in average +22 days of soil moisture drought per year.
The climate change signal in the Mediterranean Sea in a regionally coupled atmosphere–ocean model
Authors: Parras-Berrocal Ivan M. , Vazquez Ruben , Cabos William , Sein Dmitry , Mañanes Rafael , Perez-Sanz Juan , Izquierdo Alfredo
Published: June 2020

Abstract. We analyze the climate change signal in the Mediterranean
Sea using the regionally coupled model REMO–OASIS–MPIOM (ROM; abbreviated from the regional atmosphere model, the OASIS3 coupler and the Max Planck Institute Ocean Model). The ROM
oceanic component is global with regionally high horizontal resolution in
the Mediterranean Sea so that the water exchanges with the adjacent North
Atlantic and Black Sea are explicitly simulated. Simulations forced by
ERA-Interim show an accurate representation of the present Mediterranean
climate. Our analysis of the RCP8.5 (representative concentration pathway) scenario using the Max Planck Institute
Earth System Model shows that the Mediterranean waters will be warmer and
saltier throughout most of the basin by the end of this century. In the
upper ocean layer, temperature is projected to have a mean increase of
2.7 ∘C, while the mean salinity will increase by 0.2 psu, presenting a
decreasing trend in the western Mediterranean in contrast to the rest of the
basin. The warming initially takes place at the surface and propagates
gradually to deeper layers. Hydrographic changes have an impact on
intermediate water characteristics, potentially affecting the Mediterranean
thermohaline circulation in the future.
Central Himalayan tree-ring isotopes reveal increasing regional heterogeneity and enhancement in ice-mass loss since the 1960s
Authors: Singh Nilendu , Shekhar Mayank , Singh Jayendra , Gupta Anil Kumar , Bräuning Achim , Mayr Christoph , Singhal Mohit
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Tree-ring δ18O values are a sensitive proxy of regional physical climate, while their δ13C values are a strong predictor of local ecohydrology. Utilizing available ice-core and tree-ring δ18O records from central Himalaya (CH), we show an increase in east-west heterogeneity since the 1960s. Further, δ13C records from transitional western glacier valleys provide a robust basis of reconstruction of about three centuries of glacier mass balance (GMB) dynamics. Annually resolved GMB is based on regionally-dominant and diverse plant-functional species since the 1743 CE. Results indicate three major phases: positive GMB up to the mid-nineteenth century, the middle phase of slightly negative but stable GMB, and an exponential ice-mass loss since the 1960s. Reasons of accelerated mass loss are largely attributed to anthropogenic climate change, including concurrent alterations in atmospheric circulations (weakening of the westerlies and Arabian Branch of the Indian summer monsoon). CH-scale, multi-decadal isotopic and climate coherency analyses specify an eastward declining influence of westerlies in this monsoon-dominated region. Besides, our study provides a long-term context for recent GMB variability, which is essential for reliable projection and attribution.
Las políticas de memoria democrática en España: entre la impunidad y las obligaciones internacionales
Authors: Sánchez Moreno Manuel
Published: June 2020

Desde el inicio de la Transición a la democracia en España, se han venido produciendo una serie de medidas de reparación dirigidas a las víctimas de la guerra civil. Con una democracia más consolidada y favorecidas por los gobiernos de izquierda, se han ido ampliando estas leyes, condenando al franquismo y reivindicando a la II República. Sin embargo, la democracia española está aún lejos de alcanzar los estándares internacionales y los reclamos sociales en materia de memoria democrática. Como objetivo vamos a analizar estas leyes estatales desde 1976 hasta nuestros días, viendo su evolución y siguiendo una metodología cualitativa de análisis de contenidos.
Managing Risks and Exposures to Silica in Training and Assessment Activities in Vocational Education and Training
Authors: Skiba Richard
Published: June 2020

A number of activities in workplaces, such as such as those including cutting, grinding, sanding, drilling, loading or demolishing products that contain silica, can produce respirable particles of crystalline silica dust that are small enough to inhale. Inhalation of crystalline silica can cause silicosis which is incurable. Work practices are critical to prevent the condition from occurring and safe work practices are as relevant to workplaces as they are to training environments.  This study considers methods of risk control and training practices such that silicosis is prevented.Training requirements are profiled in a vocational education and training setting and must include: crystalline silica hazards and health risks, including silicosis; effective use controls; use and maintenance of personal protective equipment, including Respiratory Protective Equipment; safe waste disposal; and, practices for personal decontamination.  The training environment must be designed in a manner to allow for engineering controls, such as on-tool water suppression or on-tool dust extraction, to be utilised.
Estado del arte: el aprendizaje reflexivo en la formación inicial con los estudiantes de Prácticas de Formación Profesional en la carrera de Inglés
Authors: Romero Espinoza Skarlet
Published: June 2020

El desarrollo del aprendizaje reflexivo y la práctica profesional se han convertido en dos ejes principales en la formación inicial del estudiante. Este artículo explica porqué los procesos reflexivos permiten resolver situaciones del trabajo áulico, que es construido y transformado durante las prácticas de formación profesional relacionando el aprendizaje reflexivo, formación inicial del estudiante con el rol de las prácticas pedagógicas (como profesor en formación, tutor o guía).
Cabello humano para valorar la exposición a arsénico en usuarios de agua contaminada de la comunidad La Fuente en, La Paz Centro, León.
Authors: Altamirano Maximina , Delgado Valeria , Fuentes Huelva Silvia
Published: June 2020

La presencia de Arsénico en las aguas superficiales y subterráneas de Nicaragua está relacionada con los geoambientes presentes en el país. El área de estudio se encuentra al NE del volcán Momotombo, localizado en el arco volcánico de la Depresión Nicaragüense, donde el material geológico predominante son rocas y sedimentos del Cuaternario aluvial y volcánico. La comunidad de La Fuente está conformada por 112 familias (1300 habitantes) que se abastecen de agua en su mayoría por fuentes artesanales (90 pozos excavados, y tres perforados, uno de ellos es comunitario). En un estudio previo se determinó Arsénico total en agua en un rango de 2.0 a 103.0 µg/L, reportándose el máximo valor en un manantial termal; en donde un 70% de los sitios monitoreados (24 pozos) presentan valores no aptos para consumo (mayor o igual a 10 µg/L). El Arsénico presente en el agua es absorbido por los tejidos, para posteriormente ser eliminado en la orina; pero cuando la ingesta es mayor que la excreción éste tiende a acumularse en cabello y uñas, al igual que en la orina y la sangre; siendo estos excelentes biomarcadores de exposición aguda y crónica a este metaloide. Considerando el tiempo de ingesta de agua contaminada con arsénico por pobladores de La Fuente, se decidió determinar si hay presencia de arsénico en los pobladores de La Fuente, utilizando el cabello humano como indicador biológico. Se identificó un grupo focal para este estudio considerando las mayores concentraciones de arsénico presentes en agua, así como también el mayor tiempo de ingesta, resultando un grupo poblacional de 43 mujeres y 9 varones. Se colectaron aproximadamente 5 gramos de cabello de cada individuo a ser evaluado, totalizando 52 muestras de cabello. Las concentraciones de arsénico detectadas en cabello oscilaron entre 0,014 y 0,925 µg·g-1; siendo menores a 1,00 µg·g-1, valor establecido como criterio de toxicidad por el Centro Toxicológico de Quebec (CTQ). Las mayores concentraciones de arsénico están asociadas a la persona de mayor edad (mujer de 90 años) probablemente debido al mayor tiempo de exposición; y a la de menor edad (niño de 7 años) probablemente este contaminante se transmite de madre a hijos a través del cordón umbilical, presentando el neonato una concentración similar a su madre al momento de nacer. Los comunitarios fueron informados de sus resultados como parte del compromiso social con la población sujeta al estudio.
Correlation of the Permian-Triassic Ore-Bearing Intrusions of the Norilsk Region with the Volcanic Sequence of the Siberian Traps Based on the Paleomagnetic Data
Authors: Latyshev A. V. , Rad’ko V. A. , Veselovskiy R. V. , Fetisova A. M. , Pavlov V. E.
Published: June 2020

We present detailed paleomagnetic data from the Permian-Triassic Cu-Ni-Pt–bearing intrusions of the Norilsk region (northwestern Siberian platform). Based on the analysis of geomagnetic secular variations recorded in the intrusions, we correlate the Norilsk ore-bearing intrusions with the Siberian Traps volcanic sequences in the region. The similarity of paleomagnetic directions of the ore-bearing intrusions to those of the Morongovsky and Mokulaevsky volcanic formations suggests that the emplacement of these lavas and intrusions occurred during the same stage of the magmatic activity. Furthermore, some weakly mineralized intrusions and barren nondifferentiated sills demonstrate paleomagnetic directions close to those of the ore-bearing intrusions. This implies that ore-bearing, weakly mineralized, and barren intrusions were emplaced during the same stage of magmatic activity. On the other hand, the paleomagnetic directions of different ore-bearing intrusions (Norilsk 1, Talnakh, and Kharaelakh), while close, are statistically different. Thus, the formation of these three intrusions and their satellites corresponds to discrete magmatic events within the same stage of magmatic activity. Based on the paleomagnetic data, the emplacement duration of individual intrusions can be estimated as <10 k.y. Our correlation scheme is consistent with some genetic models for the ore-bearing intrusions. The analysis of geomagnetic secular variations can be used as an independent tool for the investigation of other Cu-Ni and platinum group element-bearing magmatic complexes.
Supplemental irrigation management of rainfed grapevines under drought conditions using the CropSyst model
Authors: Khozaei Maryam , Kamgar-Haghighi Ali A. , Sepaskhah Ali R. , Zand-Parsa Shahrokh , Razzaghi Fatemeh , Karami Mohammad J.
Published: June 2020

Aim of study: To determine how much water should be used and when it should be applied in rain-fed grapevine using a cropping system simulation model (CropSyst), and also the economic analysis of supplemental irrigation for rainfed grapevine.Area of study: This study was conducted at the School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, in 2012, 2013 and 2014.Material and methods: The CropSyst model was calibrated to predict the rainfed yields of ‘Askari’ and ‘Yaghooti’ grapevines in different climates using four amounts of SI: 250 L (I1), 500 L (I2), 1000 L (I3) and 0 (I4), five SI times: single in March (T1), single in April (T2), single in March + single in April (T3), single in May (T4) and single in June (T5).Main results: Treatment T3 increased the average simulated yield of ‘Askari’ by 15% to 40% at regions with P/ETo>0.6, 17% to 61% at 0.2<P/ETO<0.6, and 26% to 61% at P/ETO<0.2, while in ‘Yaghooti’ it increased about 2% to 41% at regions with P/ETo>0.6, 4% to 36% at 0.2<P/ETO<0.6 and 2% to 26% at P/ETO<0.2. By increasing the water price by 30% and 50%, net benefits for the ‘Askari’ decreased by about 31% and 54%, while 6% and 18%, for ‘Yaghooti’ respectively.Research highlights: The CropSyst model can successfully predict soil water content and grapevine yields. Application of SI in May increased significantly the grapevine yield as compared to other SI times.
All the DUCs in a Row: Natural Gas Production in U.S.
Authors: Mugabe Douglas , Elbakidze Levan , Carr Tim
Published: June 2020

Using data from seven shale gas regions in the United States, we examine natural gas production in terms of drilling rig activity and well completion rates. Our objective is to examine the determinants of well completion decisions in the U.S. natural gas production. We observe that in recent years, the explanatory power of drilling rig count has declined. On the other hand, the number of producing wells remains a significant factor for explaining the variation in gas production. We find that an increase in the number of drilled but uncompleted wells (DUCs) plays a significant role in natural gas supply. The number of DUCs depends on drilling rig activity and futures prices of oil and natural gas. Also, our results indicate that well completion decisions and the duration of DUC status depend on oil and gas prices, pipeline capacity, producing well type and well depth.