bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Reduced Diabetes-Related Hospitalizations in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and CKD
Authors: Hannah Katia L. , Nemlekar Poorva M. , Johnson Matthew L. , Cherñavvsky Daniel R. , Norman Gregory J.
Published: February 2024

Key Points

Patients with diabetes and CKD have a heightened risk of glycemic variability, which can lead to severe hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic events, potentially resulting in hospitalization.

This study describes the results of a retrospective claims analysis of people with insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes and stage 3–5 CKD who initiated continuous glucose monitoring.

Continuous glucose monitoring could help patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD control their glucose and avoid potentially dangerous glycemic events.

Background

There is a heightened risk of glycemic variability in patients with diabetes and CKD. This glycemic variability could lead to hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic crises. We hypothesized that initiation of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), which provides a glucose measurement every 1–5 minutes, could reduce the incidence of hospitalizations for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and CKD.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of US administrative claims data from the Optum Clinformatics database was conducted. People with T2D, using insulin, not receiving dialysis, and living with stage 3–5 CKD who initiated CGM between January 1, 2016, and March 31, 2022, were identified. National Drug Codes and Healthcare Common Coding Procedure System codes were used to identify CGM device use, and International Classification of Diseases 10th revision codes were used to identify CKD diagnosis and categorize health care encounters. Rates of diabetes-related hospitalizations were obtained, and multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed predictors of hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic encounters.

Results

A total of 8,959 insulin-using patients with T2D and CKD were identified. Most were White (72.3%), had Medicare insurance coverage (82.2%), were using intensive insulin (91.3%), and had stage 3 CKD (86.0%). After CGM initiation, rates of hospitalizations for hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia decreased by 18.2% and 17.0%, respectively (P< 0.0001 for both). The proportion hospitalized with at least one hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic event also significantly decreased after CGM initiation. Significant predictors of both hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic encounters included a previous encounter of that type, age 30–59 years and depression (for hypoglycemia), and age 30–49 years and neuropathy (for hyperglycemia). Use of CGM or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists was significantly protective against hypoglycemic encounters.

Conclusions

Initiation of CGM was associated with significant reductions in diabetes-related hospitalizations among insulin-using individuals with T2D and moderate-to-severe CKD. CGM could help patients with T2D and CKD control their glucose and avoid potentially dangerous glycemic events.
Police survival - the importance of physiological and psychological knowledge in training aimed at armed confrontations
Authors: Stapassoli Raphael Alves
Published: February 2024

The article addresses the concept of Police Survival. It emphasizes the importance of developing skills and knowledge focused on deadly force encounter situations and incidents that expose police officers to high levels of stress. It also discusses the psychological factor of police survival, covering a conceptual approach to stress and the most common physiological and psychological effects during deadly force encounters. Training is explored as an effective way to prepare police officers for stress, through the conceptualization of Stress Inoculation Training (SIT). This training gradually exposes officers to various stressors, allowing them to adapt and, through training, prepare for critical situations.
The applicability of article 105 of State Law no. 20.665/2021 to PMPR disciplinary proceedings
Authors: Da Silva Emerson de Paula , Tatibana Roberto
Published: February 2024

The disciplinary process in the Military Police of Paraná (PMPR) plays a crucial role in maintaining the discipline and proper conduct of the military police. It is instituted when there are indications of disciplinary infractions and aims to investigate the facts, apply the appropriate sanctions and preserve institutional integrity. During the disciplinary process, it is possible that the military police officer expresses his intention to present a request for dismissal, requesting his dismissal from the corporation. However, the request for dismissal does not interrupt the disciplinary process, which may continue even after its submission, depending on the seriousness of the infractions. Considering the guidelines established by Law 20.656/2021 for disciplinary administrative processes within the scope of the State of Paraná, this work aims to enable, through exploratory research, the initial understanding about the applicability of article 105 of the aforementioned law within the scope of the disciplinary process of the PMPR.
СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТА РОЗВИТОК ІНСТИТУТУ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ЗАХИСТУ ДІТЕЙ-СИРІТ ТА ДІТЕЙ, ПОЗБАВЛЕНИХ БАТЬКІВСЬКОГО ПІКЛУВАННЯ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Мусіюк Т. В.
Published: February 2024

Наукова стаття присвячена дослідженню основних етапів становлення та розвитку законодавства про соціальний захист дітей-сиріт та дітей, позбавлених батьківського піклування. Проаналізовано низку нормативно-правових актів у сфері соціального захисту дітей-сиріт та дітей, позбавлених батьківського піклування. У статті «Становлення та розвиток інституту соціального захисту дітей-сиріт та дітей, позбавлених батьківського піклування в Україні» автором аналізується еволюція системи соціального захисту дітейсиріт та дітей, позбавлених батьківського піклування, та її правового регулювання. Увагу зосереджено на аналізі етапів еволюційного розвитку інституту соціального захисту. Констатовано зародження правових форм влаштування дітей-сиріт та дітей, позбавлених батьківського піклування, вже у княжу добу, оскільки вже в ті часи допомогу щодо опіки над сиротами надавали не лише монастирі, а й приватні особи. Проаналізовано нормативноправові акти, що складають законодавство про соціальний захист дітей-сиріт, дітей, позбавлених батьківського піклування, та осіб з їх числа. Автором при досліджені питання, щодо «Становлення та розвиток інституту соціального захисту дітей-сиріт та дітей, позбавлених батьківського піклування в Україні» розглянуто етапи становлення і розвитку законодавства про соціальний захист зазначеної категорії та охарактеризовано особливості кожного з етапів. Також було проаналізовано соціокультурний розвиток суспільства, який, виходячи з історичного розвитку людини, природно пов’язаний із природою самої людини, її моральних засад та принципів протягом усієї історії розвитку людства як частини соціуму. Розвиток цивілізованого суспільства визначається не лише його економічним та соціальнокультурним рівнем, а й ставленням до дітей-сиріт та дітей, які залишилися без піклування батьків. Автором було проаналізовано наукові праці вчених і фахівців стосовну окремих питань соціального захисту дітей-сиріт та дітей, позбавлених батьківського піклування Метою статті є аналіз становлення та розвитку соціального захисту дітей-сиріт та дітей, які залишилися без піклування батьків саме в Україні з урахуванням тих соціальноекономічних та культурних процесів, які відбувалися в суспільстві.
A Study on Buying Progression of Shampoo for Men and Women A Cross Tuticorin District
Authors: Sivasankari M. , Suganya R.V. , Venkateshwaran G.
Published: February 2024

Consumer attitudes, tastes, and expectations are constantly shifting in the current climate. Additionally, the manufacturers provide a range of goods to satisfy consumer needs, which can differ based on a customer’s gender because different genders have different preferences when it comes to shampoo. This study aims to examine shampoo purchasing patterns in the Tuticorin District with respect to gender preferences. The purpose of the study is to determine whether gender influences the brand of shampoo that is purchased as well as whether male and female perspectives on shampoo purchasing differ or are the same. 1152 customers in the Thoothukudi District were surveyed and interviewed in order to gather data for the study. The study plans to look into the variations in consumer opinions based on gender and their preferences while buying shampoo in relation to associated issues.
A Comparative Study of Government and Non-Government Entrepreneurship Development Programmes in Promoting the Transformation of Businesses
Authors: D’Souza Sonal Jesma , Nayak Jayavantha
Published: February 2024

This paper discusses the importance of Entrepreneurship Development Programmes and their influence on business transformation. The purpose of the paper is to assess the role of Entrepreneurship Development Programmes (EDPs) in entrepreneurial transformation and to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of Entrepreneurship Development Programmes (EDPs) offered by Government and Non-Government organisations. Successful entrepreneurial activities are assisted by the supportive entrepreneurial ecosystems in society. The support is extended to the entrepreneurs through initiatives like Entrepreneurship Development Programmes (EDPs). Entrepreneurship Development Programmes (EDPs) act as an essence to boost entrepreneurial culture in the economy. Several government and non-government organisations (NGOs) encourage entrepreneurial activities through Entrepreneurship Development Programs. These programs motivate individuals to set up and upgrade their ventures. Empirical evidence was gathered from entrepreneurs on the business transformation that appeared after being part of the Entrepreneurship Development Programmes. The study also focuses on enabling and limiting socio-economic factors responsible for business sustainability. The quasi–experimental design was used to select the entrepreneurs for the study. The purpose of the study is to measure and compare the achievement level of beneficiaries of Entrepreneurship Development Programmes (EDPs) and their contribution towards building a strong entrepreneurial ecosystem.
Assimilation and Resistance: Cultural Negotiations in Elif Shafak’s Honour
Authors: Famitha Banu A , Mohamed Rafiq M.H
Published: February 2024

Honour by Elif Shafak intricately explores cultural negotiations within the Toprak family as they grapple with assimilation and resistance in Istanbul and London. Elif Shafak, a Turkish-British author known for her masterful storytelling and exploration of cultural complexities, brings to life characters facing the challenges of adapting to new environments while preserving their cultural identity. Shafak’s works often delve into the intersections of culture, identity and societal expectations, reflecting her keen insight into the human experience. The themes of assimilation, resistance and cultural negotiations are recurring motif in literature, reflecting the broader human experience of adapting to societal changes while maintaining cultural roots. Through characters and narratives, literature explores the tension between assimilating into dominant cultures and resisting the erosion of one’s cultural identity. This theme provides a rich landscape for examining the complexities of identity formation, societal expectations and the enduring struggle to balance tradition with the demands of a changing world. Shafak’s Honour stands as a poignant example of how literature can illuminate the nuanced dynamics of cultural negotiation, resonating with readers on a universal level.
Quest for Identity in Rohinton Mistry’s A Fine Balance
Authors: Zainab Salman S
Published: February 2024

Rohinton Mistry was one of thefamous novelists in Indian English Literature.The title “A Fine Balance” that Rohinton Mistry chose for his second book expressed, whether intentionally or not, his whole attitude towards the literary world. The distinguishing feature of Mistry’s humanism is the desire for societal harmony to prevail via the affirmation of individuality and the guarantee of one’s own existence. The four main protagonists in The Search for Identity come from diverse backgrounds, yet they work together as a cohesive unit because they all seek to establish their place in society. It is clear from the book that Rohinton Mistry did a good job of expressing his strong feelings of homecoming. Emigrant writers often feel a sense of loss due to the social and cultural nostalgia that accompanies their work. Many of these themes, such as homelessness, separation, multiple migrations, and identity, are inherently precarious due to their relation to and construction within specific socio-cultural contexts. The characters’ aspirations and objectives are entangled with both optimism and pessimism on the present state of the world. In his writings, Mistry captures the universal humanist and realist conflict that most individuals experience. The primary objective of this article is to portray the contemporary issues faced by the characters
Home: Depiction Of Social Reality In Manju Kapur’s Novel
Authors: Subitha M
Published: February 2024

The portrayal of women in Indian English fiction as the silent sufferers and upholders of the tradition and traditional values of family and society has undergone tremendous change in the post independence period. Manju Kapur’s novel, Difficult Daughters, A Married Woman and Home, displays a new confidence in using the fictional mode for creative expression and depicting social reality. Taking into account the complexity of life, different histories, cultures and different structures of values, women’s question, despite basic solidarity, needs to be tackled in relation to the socio-cultural situation. The impact of patriarchy on the Indian society varies from the one in the west. Manju Kapur has her own concerns, priorities as well as her own ways on dealing with the predicament of women protagonists. Kapur, being one of the modern day women authors, has expressed herself freely and boldly on a variety of themes without adopting feminist postures. Her novels furnish examples of a whole range of attitudes towards the importation of Indian tradition. However, the novelist seems to be aware of the fact that the women of India have indeed achieved their success in sixty years of Independence, but if there is to be true female independence, too much remains to be done. The present paper attempts to portray the reality of a typical Indian family in Manju Kapur’s Home.
Reading and Writing in Online Communities
Authors: Irina-Ana Drobot
Published: February 2024

The purpose of the present paper is to look at how the relationship between man and machine can be seen in our interactions with respect to literature. Creative online communities have appeared, centred on reading and writing poetry, prose, flash fiction, short stories, as well as fan fiction. We can see how the relationship between readers and writers have become all the more interactive through the online environment. Previously, we were talking about the relationship of communication between writers and readers, which was recognized by the reader-response approach to any text, as it was being interpreted by the readers function of their background and function of what they could make out of the allusions put before them by the writer. Direct communication among writers and readers regarding various new writers’ fresh book publications and launchings can take place on online social media. Nowadays, everyone has access to the online medium, and can start pursuing various activities with people from all over the world. This is what has happened in the case of the haiku communities, poetry writing sites such as, in Romania, agonia.ro, Wattpad, which allows young writers to imagine and share their novels, as well as their personal concerns.
Emerging Digital Feminist Voices and Activism in India
Authors: Lakshmi Nair U , Vinayakaselvi Angkayarkan
Published: February 2024

The advent of technology and virtual media have changed the way it helps to create more multidimensionalconnections. Feminism too has taken the virtual media as an important channel of communicating and creating global networks. Empowerment of women in the new technological realm is an ongoing need of the current digital age as it paves way for essentialsocio-economic and political empowerment.Digital feminism an avant-garde phase of the feminist activism is a growing phenomenon across the world as well as in India, which is being shaped by various social, cultural and political factors.It goes far ahead of former feminist waves that conceived women as a universal and homogenous group, whose interests could be represented by a singular framework.This research paper aims to trace the emergence of Digital Feminism in India, along with analyzing its effect and solidarity of these movements and activism on women’s lives and issues. It also examines the way in which women are using digital media platforms to challenge the gender stereotype and gender inequalities in their everyday lives. The paper also dwells upon the arena where the use of digital media platforms enables, newer forms of exposure and connection previously unavailable to women and allowing them to redraw the boundaries between themselves and society.
A Heterogeneous Factors Influencing Adopting Online Transaction in Small Scale Industries in Bangalore
Authors: Guru Prasad  , G. Vinayagamoorthi  , G. Kanagavalli
Published: February 2024

The proliferation of digital technologies and the internet has brought about a significant transformation in the way businesses operate worldwide. This study explores the heterogeneous factors influencing the adoption of online transactions in small-scale industries in Bangalore, India. Small-scale industries play a vital role in the local economy, and understanding their transition to online transactions is critical for their sustainability and growth. This research employs a mixed-method approach, combining surveys and interviews, to collect data from a diverse sample of small-scale industry owners and managers across Bangalore. The study aims to identify and categorize the various factors that affect the adoption of online transactions in this context. The findings suggest a complex interplay of factors, reflecting the diverse nature of small-scale industries. Economic, technological, social, and organizational factors emerged as primary determinants influencing the adoption of online transactions. Economic factors include cost-effectiveness, financial incentives, and profitability, while technological factors encompass infrastructure, digital literacy, and the availability of user-friendly platforms. Social factors revolve around customer demand, peer influence, and the local market dynamics, while organizational factors pertain to the firm’s size, structure, and adaptability. Additionally, the study reveals that government policies, regulations, and industry-specific associations have a significant impact on the decision to adopt online transactions in small-scale industries. External factors, such as competition, industry trends, and the COVID-19 pandemic, have also played a role in accelerating this transition. Understanding these heterogeneous factors and their interactions is crucial for policymakers, industry associations, and businesses in creating tailored strategies to promote online transaction adoption. By recognizing the multifaceted nature of these factors, small-scale industries can overcome barriers and leverage opportunities to transition into a digitally empowered future. In conclusion, this research sheds light on the complex landscape of online transaction adoption among small-scale industries in Bangalore, providing valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities these businesses face. It underscores the need for a holistic approach to support their journey towards a digital future, enhancing their competitiveness and contributing to the growth of the local economy.
Gender Roles: An Examination of Sexuality and Socio-Cultural Tribal Identity
Authors: K. S. Sowmiya  , G. Vinoth Kumar
Published: February 2024

The identity of sex is classified based on biological characteristics which are examined and proved by physician during the birth of the child. Whereas, Gender differences encompass the behaviors, expressions, desires, roles and identities which are socially formed. This paper attempts to examine whether the gay relationship in the college environment is real or unreal. It also aims to analyses the socio-cultural identities of the select Santhal Tribe with references to the food, festivals, religious beliefs, language, and other environmental elements. The relationship between gardening and human emotions is studied from the select work. According to Judith Butler’s Gender Theory and Gender Performative, gender is socially constructed by society. From her thoughts, the character in this select work assumes himself as homosexual and falls into the wrong fake relationship which destroys his mental and physical health.
Spices of Society: Unveiling the Tapestry of Socio-Cultural Threads in Kamila Shamsie’s Salt and Saffron
Authors: R. Vanitha
Published: February 2024

The title delves into Kamila Shamsie’s intricately woven narrative to explore the rich tapestry of socio-cultural dynamics. It is set against the backdrop of Pakistan. The Novel, “Salt and Saffron”(2000) intertwines the personal and societal, presenting a nuanced examination of tradition, identity, and societal expectations. The narrative unfolds through the lens of its protagonist, Aliya unveiling the multifaceted layers of familial heritage and the tensions between modernity and tradition. Shamsie crafts a symbolic exploration of the flavours that define society through the symbolic use of salt and saffron: its traditions, conflicts and aspirations. This article examines how the characters navigate the complex interplay between expectations and personal desires, illustrating the struggle for identity within the framework of societal norms. It embarks on a literary journey beyond the surface narrative, encouraging contemplation on the broader implications of cultural intricacies. She achieved this by acknowledging and reaching terms with the complexities of both its past and present. This analysis uncovers the thematic richness of “Salt and Saffron” revealing a compelling exploration of the spices that flavour the complex dish of socio-cultural existence.
PENGARUH KOMUNIKASI “WORD OF MOUTH” TERHADAP MINAT BELI KONSUMEN PRODUK MS GLOW
Authors: Pratama Dimas Surya , M Deddy Satria
Published: February 2024

At this time the competition among beauty product companies vying with each other to attract consumer buying interest. Very tight competition forces every company to be able to implement a good marketing strategy that is customer oriented so that it can win the market. Word of mouth or word of mouth communication is considered quite effective in influencing potential customers. Word of mouth has more competitive advantages and ease in conveying information. This study aims to examine the effect of word of mouth communication on consumer purchase interests for MS Glow products. The object of this research is MS Glow product. This study uses the S-O-R (Stimulus-Organism-Response) theory. The population of this study were all students of Communication Studies at University of Malikussaleh. The sample in this study amounted to 90 people. Sampling using Non-probability Sampling, namely by Purposive Sampling. The data collection instrument used a questionnaire with a Likert scale, each of which had been tested and met the validity and reliability requirements. Data analysis used simple linear regression and the regression equation in this study was ???? = 21.239 + 0.505???? with a significant value of 0.000 which is less than 0.05. So it can be concluded that there is an influence of word of mouth communication on the intention to buy MS Glow products in Communication Studies students at University of Malikussaleh with an R2 value of 31.7% while the remaining 68.3% is influenced by other factors not examined in this study.
PERLAWANAN PEREMPUAN TERHADAP KETIDAKADILAN GENDER (Semiotika Film “Yuni”)
Authors: Pembayun Jaduk Gilang , Afrilia Ascharisa Mettasatya
Published: February 2024

Gender issues and discrimination against women are widely found in indonesian society. The presence of films that raise stories and issues about gender is proof that in the midst of the community these problems and phenomena are true. The film Yuni (2021) by director Kamila Andini is one of the films that raises the theme of gender and women's problems that often occur in the community. Yuni's film presents a story inspired by a true story where a teenage girl has to face a difficult time in her school days because the culture encountered in the middle of her environment seems to glorify early marriage. This study aims to find forms of female resistance in Yuni's film. This research was conducted by conducting sign analysis using the semiotic theory of Roland Barthes. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method with a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of this study found that there are at least three forms of female resistance in Yuni's film that are relevant to the liberal feminism movement and radical feminism. The form of female resistance in question is women's resistance in choosing to continue their education, then women's resistance in determining their own soul mate or partner, and women's resistance to the right in the form of women's freedom in reproductive life and the right to virginity.
Percepciones juveniles sobre la familia en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: Vaca Aramayo Nancy Magali , Morón Pereyra María Asunta , Sánchez Omonte Bruno Octavio , Ajacopa Teófilo Laime , Lillo Llano Elena Peña
Published: February 2024

El tema central de este trabajo es la percepción juvenil acerca de la familia, en tiempos de Covid-19, con la finalidad de reflejar lo que piensan los jóvenes sobre la familia, con relación a su composición, sus relaciones y promoción de valores de esta, para luego identificar la relación entre la religión de la familia, los valores y preparación de sus jóvenes. También se identificó el imaginario de familia cristiana que tienen, según las influencias de micro-macro contextos.
Para llevar a cabo este estudio, se empleó el método científico con enfoque cualitativo, lo que permitió identificar tres niveles de análisis: la definición de familia según los jóvenes, las razones detrás de las características familiares y la percepción que los jóvenes tienen de su entorno familiar. Se realizó una serie de entrevistas utilizando una guía con 33 estudiantes de diferentes instituciones educativas del área administrativa de Cercado 1 de la ciudad de Cochabamba, durante los meses de octubre y noviembre de 2020, en formato virtual.
Los resultados muestran que los jóvenes tienen una percepción de familia en torno a valores; reconocen relaciones de parentesco consanguíneo y afín, según cercanía y lejanía familiar y de parentesco; identifican las características que tiene una familia cristiana y reconocen que la familia es el lugar donde aprenden a internalizar valores que son la base para ejercer futuros roles familiares.
Se considera que este documento es pionero en la línea de investigación sociedad y familia, desde una perspectiva juvenil, para la contribución de futuras investigaciones sobre esta temática.
Finnish primary school students’ conceptions of machine learning
Authors: Mertala Pekka , Fagerlund Janne , Lehtoranta Jukka , Mattila Emilia , Korhonen Tiina
Published: February 2024

Background and context Language is a powerful tool in shaping thought about abstract domains, including the realm of computing and digital technologies. Review of research on children's machine learning (ML) conceptions suggests that participating children were often provided with conceptual clues about the principles of ML before being asked about their conceptions (i.e., asking them how one could teach a computer). Since the term ML is not explicit about who is learning and from whom, this procedure has arguably steered their answers: with less nudging instruction, ML could also be understood as a process in which a human uses a machine, a computer, for instance, for learning purposes.ObjectiveThis study investigates what kind of conceptions primary school students have about ML if they are not conceptually "primed" with the idea that in ML, humans teach computers.MethodQualitative survey responses from 197 Finnish primary schoolers were analyzed via an abductive method.FindingsWe identified three partly overlapping ML conception categories, starting from the most accurate one: ML is about teaching machines (34%), ML is about coding (7.6%), and ML is about learning via or about machines (37.1%).ImplicationsThe findings suggest that without conceptual clues, children's conceptions of ML are varied and may include misconceptions such as ML is about learning via or about machines. The findings underline the importance of clear and systematic use of key concepts in computer science education. Besides researchers, this study offers insights for teachers, teacher educators, curriculum developers, and policymakers.
In vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous Aerial Parts Extracts of Euphorbia helioscopia L.
Authors: Omar Ghadeer , Abdallah Lubna , Adwan Ghaleb
Published: February 2024

Antitumor, antiviral, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were reported for Euphorbia helioscopia usage in traditional medicine. Therefore, minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC, MBC) of E. helioscopia aqueous leaf and stem extracts were evaluated by broth microdilution assay. As well as their antioxidant activity was carried out using DPPH assay. Obtained results showed that MIC values of leaf extract ranged from 0.78±0.0 mg/mL to 12.5±0.0 mg/mL and stem extract ranged from 3.125±0.0 mg/mL to 25±0.0 mg/mL. While, MBC of leaf and stem extracts had a range from 6.25±0.0 mg/mL to 50±0.0 mg/mL and 25±0.0 mg/mL to 50±0.0 mg/mL, respectively. The current study demonstrated that E. helioscopia leaf and stem extracts had antioxidant activity. One-way ANOVA test, the P values for the leaf and stem aqueous extracts were equal to 0.997 and 0.058, respectively. Consequently, both extracts showed no significant difference relative to the standard ascorbic acid (P value > 0.01). In addition, statistical analyses showed no significant differences between the tested concentrations of leaf extract and tested concentrations of ascorbic acid at P value > 0.01. The same thing was obtained for tested concentrations of stem aqueous extract, except at concentrations 7.81 and 3.91 µg/mL which showed DPPH inhibition percent 4.30±0.63 and 0.59±0.10, respectively. This indicates that E. helioscopia has potential to serve as a natural antioxidant, which makes it a promising candidate for therapeutic applications. Moreover, the positive antibacterial recorded data could potentially be used to develop potent drugs that improve the management and treatment of variety bacterial illnesses.
Reaction of NO molecule at 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface and its orientation dependence: a first-principles study
Authors: Akiyama Toru , Kageshima Hiroyuki , Shiraishi Kenji
Published: February 2024

The reactions of NO molecules at the 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface on various plane orientations are theoretically investigated using density functional calculations to clarify the microscopic mechanisms of the NO post-oxidation annealing (POA) process. We find that the energy barriers for nitrogen incorporation reaction are smaller than those for nitrogen desorption irrespective of the plane orientation, indicating that N atoms are preferentially incorporated. However, on the Si-face we a find possible NO reaction process without CO molecule formation and the reaction with NCO molecule formation when the interface includes pre-incorporated N atoms. Owing to the reaction resulting in the formation of an NCO molecule, the incorporation of N atoms can be suppressed, which could be one of the possible origins for the N density saturation in the NO-POA. The calculated results suggest that not only the structural stability of the interface but also reaction kinetics are crucial for the incorporation of N atoms during the NO-POA.
The Outlook of Tomatoes with extended Shelf Life in Nigeria and the Ensuing Safety Measures and Regulated Introduction by Nigerian Regulatory Authorities
Authors: YUSUF Hajara Oyiza , ADEBOYE Seyi Ebun , AGHA Ukpai Agha , IWEAJUNWA Sarah Ogochukwu
Published: February 2024

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is widely consumed worldwide. The primary chance to influence tomatoes' edibility and market value lies in regulating the synthesis and function of the plant hormone ethylene responsible for ripening. The usage of harmless substances on tomato surfaces, a reduction in storage temperature, the implementation of modified atmosphere packaging, or a combination of these approaches have been associated with increasing tomatoes’ shelf life. As crop plants containing a genetically modified trait through molecular techniques continue their transition from the laboratory to the field, the National Biotechnology Development Agency (NABDA) has been reported to be developing genetically modified (GM) tomatoes by deactivating polygalacturonase (PG) gene that is responsible for polygalacturonase which is the enzyme that aids fruit softening and subsequently increases the shelf life of the tomatoes to be released in the Nigerian market. This article looks at tomatoes (S. lycopersicum) and the methods used in increasing their shelf life with more focus on the genetically modified tomatoes and the needed regulations by the Nigerian regulatory bodies before its commercialization in the country. Environmental and health hazards that require careful consideration in the course of embarking on the genetical modification and introduction of the hybrid tomatoes into the Nigeria markets encompass potential biodiversity loss, adverse impacts on natural food chains, and the potential rise of more virulent pathogen populations. Nevertheless, it is crucial to emphasize that the biotechnological processes and products must be accompanied by effective regulations to mitigate these concerns, National Biosafety Management Agency is believed to be engaged with these needs.
دور التوجه الريادي في تنمية رأس المال البشري بالكليات الجامعية الفلسطينية
Authors: منصور منصور , أبو داود سلمى
Published: February 2024

هدف البحث التعرف إلى دور التوجه الريادي في تنمية رأس المال البشرى بالكليات الجامعية الفلسطينية، واستخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لتفسير الظاهرة، في حين استخدمت العينة الطبقية العشوائية غير التناسبية والتي بلغت (243) مفردة من إجمالي المجتمع الكلي في الكليات الثلاثة، والبالغ عدده (475) مفردة، أي بنسبة (50%). كما استخدما الاستبيان كأداة لجمع البيانات وتحليلها بواسطة حزمه البرامج الإحصائية SPSS. ومن أهم النتائج: ضعف اهتمام الكليات الجامعية بمبادرات العاملين الإبداعية والابتكارية، وأظهرت النتائج عدم رغبة العاملين بالكليات الجامعية بتحمل المخاطر، إذ جاء الوزن النسبي لبعد" تحمل المخاطر" بدرجة تقدير متوسطة. ومن أهم التوصيات: نشر ثقافة الريادة الإبداعية لدى العاملين في مؤسسات التعليم العالي الفلسطينية تهدف إلى تنمية رأس المال البشري، وتخصيص الموازنات الكافية لتطوير وتنمية الكوادر البشرية في مؤسسات التعليم العالي الفلسطينية.
إعادة تدوير بقايا الأقمشة في إنتاج عرائس تسهم في تعزيز التراث الملبسي للمملكة العربية السعودية لدى أطفال مرحلة الطفولة المبكرة
Authors: دعبس رانيا , المغربي راندا , العويض ريم , قنديل داليا
Published: February 2024

تُعد صناعة العرائس من الصناعات الصغيرة التي تعمل على تنمية شخصية الطفل، وجعله طفلا متوازنا في بيئته من خلال المعلومات والخبرات التي تمده بها أثناء اللعب، ويهدف البحث الحالي إلى استخدام بقايا الأقمشة في إنتاج عرائس للأطفال ترتدي ملابس تراثية للمملكة العربية السعودية؛ لتعد وسيلة ترفيهية تثقيفية تحقق كلا من:
"البعد الجمالي - البعد الوظيفي - البعد الاقتصادي".
واتبع البحث المنهج الوصفي متبعا إجراءات الدراسة التحليلية والتطبيقية من خلال استخدام بقايا الأقمشة في تنفيذ ثلاث عرائس، ترتدي أثوابا تقليدية بالإضافة إلى غطاء للرأس مكون من قطعتين.
وتوصل البحث إلى أن الأزياء التراثية المنفذة على العرائس قد تحقق فيها كل من البعد الجمالي، البعد الوظيفي والبعد الاقتصادي بنسب اتفاق تجاوزت في أغلبها ال 90%، كما حصلت العرائس المرتدية لكل من (زي درفة الباب- المحرمة والمدورة – الثوب المنثور- زي الكرتة) على نسبة مرضية تجاوزت في أغلبها ال 90%.
ويُوصي البحث بإنشاء مسرح للعرائس في الفعاليات ومواسم المملكة بهدف تنمية ثقافة الطفل بتراث المملكة الأصيل، بالإضافة إلى توجيه المشروعات الصغيرة للاهتمام بكيفية الاستفادة من بقايا الأقمشة وتوظيفها في فن العرائس وتوجيه خطوط إنتاج للعرائس داخل مصانع الملابس الجاهزة.
توظيف الصوت القصصي في القصة السعودية القصيرة (نماذج مختارة)
Authors: السهيمي صالح
Published: February 2024

سعت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن كيفية توظيف الصوت القصصي في القصة السعودية القصيرة ومدى أهمية الثقافة السردية في بناء الصوت وتنويعاته الدلالية. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف حاولت الدراسة الإجابة عن ثلاثة أسئلة نظرية وتطبيقية؛ هي: ما مفهوم الصوت القصصي في رؤية جيرار جنيت؟ ما موقع صاحب الصوت من الخطاب القصصي؟ ما مدى تأثير الصوت في الخطاب؟ وللإجابة عن هذه الأسئلة المشكلة؛ طبّقت الدراسة مفهوم الصوت القصصي على "نماذج مختارة من القصص القصيرة" في ضوء ما يقدمه المنهج الإنشائي عبر تقسيم (جيرار جنيت) للخطاب: الزمن، الصيغة، الصوت، والاستعانة بالمقاربة الدلالية، وفي الجانب النظري؛ ارتكزت الدراسة على مفهوم الصوت القصصي وإجراءاته في تركيز على بعض الدراسات الغربية والعربية، ثم تنزَّل هذا الجانب إلى إجراء تطبيقي على بعض النماذج القصصية السعودية القصيرة، فأبانت القصص القصيرة عن الوعي البنائي بالصوت وحركته في الخطاب القصصي. وأهم ما توصلت إليه الدراسة من النتائج؛ إن القصة السعودية ثرية بالخطاب القصصي المتنوع، من خلال المرجعيات الثقافية الكاشفة عن خطابين مهمين في التلقي؛ كالخطاب المستحضر للموضوعات التراثية والخطاب المتصل بالموضوعات المعاصرة. والكشف عن أهمية الصوت القصصي؛ لإظهار الموقف السردي لوجهة النظر في بناء وحدة المعنى والعالم الواقعي للقصة.
استخدام تطبيقات الذكاء الاصطناعي في مجال التنبؤ بالجريمة والوقاية منها
Authors: علاي عمار , عبدالمجيد محمد
Published: February 2024

الذكاء الاصطناعي ظاهرة تكنولوجية بدأ الاهتمام بها في إطار القانون منذ عقد الستينيات من القرن الماضي. وأخذ اهتمام المختصين بالذكاء الاصطناعي يتزايد، والسبب لهذا التزايد يتجلى في توسع استخدام تطبيقات الذكاء الاصطناعي في كافة مجالات الحياة اليومية.
كما أن استخدام تقنيات وأدوات الذكاء الاصطناعي تؤدّي دورًا كبير في مجال التنبؤ بالجريمة والوقاية منها، إضافة إلى استخدامها في مجال الكشف عن المجرمين ومكافحة الجريمة.
ويعود السبب في استخدام تلك التقنيات في التنبؤ بالجريمة والوقاية منها، إلى الحاجة الماسة إلى تفعيل قدرات رجال البحث الجنائي؛ لما تتسم به من سرعة ودقة في الكشف عن الجريمة، وكذلك المساهمة في تقديم أدلة قوية إلى جهات القضاء حول الجرائم المرتكبة، إلى جانب توفير معلومات ودلائل إلى الأجهزة الأمنية والشرطية لكشف مرتكبي الجرائم المعقدة.
وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها: أن استخدام تقنيات المعلومات المدعومة بأنظمة الذكاء الاصطناعي التي تقوم على فكرة الشرطة التنبؤية سوف يسهم بكثير في اكتشاف الجرائم والتنبؤ بها وسرعة مكافحة أنواع الجرائم المختلفة وحفظ الأمن.
كما توصلت الدراسة إلى العديد من التوصيات؛ من أهمها: الحاجة إلى التدخل التشريعي للتصدي للاختراق الإلكتروني لتقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي والأنظمة الرقمية والتلاعب في برمجيتها، بما يناسب خطورة النتائج المترتبة عليه.
المسؤولية المدنية الناجمة عن فعل السيارة ذاتية القيادة
Authors: ماليه بيير
Published: February 2024

من المرجح أن يتزايد استعمال تطبيقات الذكاء الاصطناعي التي تقوم على العمل بشكل مستقل، بل وتتعلم أثناء عملها خلال السنوات القادمة كالسيارات ذاتية القيادة، والروبوتات الذكية، والأجهزة الذكية في مجالات الجراحة الطبية. ولا شكّ أن هذه التطبيقات ستثير العديد من القضايا الاجتماعية والأخلاقية والقانونية في المجتمع. وبالنظر إلى حداثة هذه التطبيقات، والمخاطر التي يمكن أن تترتب على تشغيلها فلا بد من تقييمها مبكراً بهدف إيجاد نظام قانوني يحقق المصلحة العامة دون الإضرار بالجهات التي تتولى الابداع والتطوير في هذه القطاعات.
وفي هذا الإطار أصبح من الضروري أن يلتفت المشرع إلى النظام القانوني الحالي، بعد أن بدأت دولة الإمارات فعلياً بتبني استعمال هذه التقنية، ليتبين مدى إمكانية استيعاب الآثار القانونية التي يمكن أن تترتب عن تشغيل هذه التقنية في هذا النظام القانوني.
إنَّ تشغيل السيارة ذاتية القيادة يرتبط بمسائل قانونية متشعبة كالتكييف القانوني لهذه السيارة، وطبيعتها، والمسؤولية بكل جوانبها، وحماية البيانات الشخصية، والتأمين. ولذلك فإنّ تعديلاً قانونياً جوهرياً بخصوص المسائل السابقة، أو إحداث قانون مستقل خاص بالذكاء الاصطناعي أصبح منتظراً، وأمراً لا غنى عنه .
مدى تمتع الإنسان الآلي (الروبوت) بحقوق الملكية الفكرية "دراسة تحليلية"
Authors: شاهين ألاء
Published: February 2024

نشرت الوايبو مشروع قائمة قضايا سياسات الملكية الفكرية والذكاء الاصطناعي عام 2019 داعية الدول الأعضاء والأطراف المعنية لتقديم الاقتراحات والتعليقات حوله، ولعل إشكالية العلاقة بين الذكاء الاصطناعي وحقوق الملكية الفكرية تظهر من خلال التعرض لمسألتين؛ الأولى مرتبطة باكتساب الروبوت لحقوق الملكية الفكرية وهو ما ستتناوله هذه الدراسة، والثانية تتعلق بمساءلة الروبوت من الناحيتين المدنية والجزائية بحال الاعتداء على مثل هذه الحقوق. ففي هذا البحث تظهر عدم مواكبة القوانين العربية والأجنبية للتطور التكنولوجي من خلال عجزها عن تحديد المؤلف أو المخترع بالنسبة للمصنفات والاختراعات التي يتم انشاؤها بواسطة الذكاء الاصطناعي، فإلى أي مدى سيكون مقبولاً خلق استثناء على شرط التأليف أو الاختراع البشري لاستيعاب الروبوتات القادرة على رفد المجتمع بمزيد من الثروات غير الملموسة تماماً كالإنسان بدلاً من تأطير أعمالها في بوتقة الملك العام؟ إنّها مسألة وقت ليس إلا حتى تطرح مثل هذه الإشكاليات في أروقة المحاكم ومراكز التحكيم. ولكن يبقى السؤال هل المنظومة القانونية العربية والمقارنة مجهزة للتصدي لمثل هذه الإشكاليات ؟ الأمر الذي سيتناوله هذا البحث بأسلوب تحليلي تأصيلي مقارن يسهم في سدّ حالة الفراغ القانوني من خلال ما سيقدمه من مقترحات تفتح الباب أمام المزيد من الدراسات المعمقة بخصوص الإشكاليات القانونية الأخرى التي يثيرها وجود الروبوتات في حياتنا على المدى المنظور.
اختلاف المصطلح الأصولي بين المتقدمين والمتأخرين "الوجوب، والسُّنَّة، والكراهة أنموذجاً"
Authors: الحمود سامي , الريسوني قطب
Published: February 2024

يروم هذا البحث دراسة ظاهرة اختلاف المصطلح الأصولي بين المتقدمين والمتأخرين في إطار مصطلحات ثلاثة: الوجوب، والسُّنَّة، والكراهة؛ ذلك أن وضع كل مصطلح في حاقِّ نصابه الدلالي يحسم مادة الغلط على الشرع والأئمة، ويسعف بالفهم السديد عن الأصوليين.
 وقد توسل البحث بالمنهج الاستقرائي والمنهج التحليلي، وتأدى إلى نتائج مهمة، أعدّ منها: أن "الوجوب" و"السُّنَّة" و "الكراهة" من المصطلحات الأصولية التي مسّها تطورٌ دلاليٌّ ملحوظٌ بين استعمال المتقدمين واستعمال المتأخرين، ولهذا التطور متجليان: الأول: تخصيص الدلالة؛ ذلك أن الوجوب والسُّنَّة كانت دلالتهما أعم عند المتقدمين، فانحصر الواجب في ما كان مفروضاً والسُّنَّة في ما كان مستحباً عند المتأخرين، والثاني: انتقال الدلالة، ذلك أن الكراهة انتقلت إلى دلالة جديدة مساوية للدلالة السابقة، فقام التعادل بين الدلالتين: التحريم والتنزيه.
SEPSE NEONATAL: DESAFIOS NO DIAGNÓSTICO E TRATAMENTO
Authors: Novais da Conceição Humberto , Pezzetti Sanchez Diogo Marina , Jacques da Silva Patrícia , Eduardo Rangel de Araújo Luiz , Alves Barbosa Dorneles Isabella , Soares Dorneles Neto Juarez , Hirt Luciano , De Castro Machado Fabiana , Rebello Misukami Davi , Mariane Freire Ramos Gabriella , Rafael Huff Cristiano , Gonzaga Feitoza Bruno
Published: February 2024

A sepse neonatal (SN) é uma sindrome clínica na qual o paciente apresenta sinais sistêmicos de infecção, associados à presença de bactérias, fungos ou vírus em líquidos estéreis (sangue ou licor) no primeiro mês de vida. A SN é uma das principais causas de morte neonatal no mundo, sendo os prematuros e recém-nascidos (RN) com baixo peso ao nascer, os mais suscetíveis a desenvolvê-la. Realizou-se um levantamento de artigos publicados entre 2011-2022, utilizando PubMed, Scielo e Google Scholar. Utilizou-se como termos de busca “Neonatal Sepsis” e “Sepse Neonatal”. Foram selecionados artigos publicados em português ou inglês. Com isso, foi obtido que a sepse neonatal é classificada quanto ao tempo de vida decorrido para o início dos sinais e sintomas, sendo denominada precoce quando ocorre nas primeiras 72 horas de vida e, tardia quando após essas 72 horas. Nesse sentido, a primeira está ligada às condições do parto/mãe e do RN ao nascimento, enquanto a segunda se relaciona ao uso de medicamentos, procedimentos invasivos e internação em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN). As manifestações clínicas dessa patologia são inespecíficas e constantemente são confundidas com condições da idade/prematuridade, sendo compostas por dificuldade respiratória, taquicardia, letargia, febre, icterícia sem outra causa determinante, vômitos, diarreia e outras alterações. O diagnóstico da SN é um desafio, uma vez que falta ferramentas com ótima sensibilidade para tal, necessitando, por vezes, de diversos exames para a confirmação. Ainda assim, em alguns momentos, é feito o diagnóstico de sepse clínica para início imediato da antibioticoterapia, que constitui a base do tratamento da sepse neonatal.
ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE HEPATITES B E C E CARCINOMA HEPATOCELULAR: DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS NA SAÚDE HEPÁTICA
Authors: Novais da Conceição Humberto , Pezzetti Sanchez Diogo Marina , Clara Webe de Lima Moreira Ana , Canedo de Melo Matheus , Eduardo Rangel de Araújo Luiz , Alves Barbosa Dorneles Isabella , Soares Dorneles Neto Juarez , Hirt Luciano , Rodrigues Borges Brunno , De Castro Machado Fabiana , Rebello Misukami Davi , De Jesus Siquara Neto Emmanoel
Published: February 2024

O Carcinoma Hepatocelular (CHC), a forma predominante de displasia hepática, resulta de mutações genéticas e representa a maioria das neoplasias primárias do fígado, com uma incidência global entre 500 mil e 1 milhão de casos anuais. A infecção crônica pelos vírus da hepatite B (HBV) e C (HCV) é responsável por 60-70% dos casos. Este estudo busca compreender a relação entre hepatites virais e CHC. Para isso, uma revisão sistemática foi conduzida nas bases de dados: SciELO, Google Acadêmico, Pubmed e BVS, com os descritores: “Carcinoma, Hepatocellular” AND “Hepatitis B” OR “Hepatitis C”. Dos 97.544 artigos encontrados, 17 atenderam aos critérios de seleção, publicados entre 2013 e 2024, disponíveis na íntegra e relacionados à pesquisa. O CHC, originado de mutações genéticas, causa a proliferação descontrolada de hepatócitos, sendo influenciado por fatores como cirrose, alcoolismo, doença hepática gordurosa, histórico familiar e infecções por HBV e HCV. Estes vírus desencadeiam hepatocarcinogênese, promovendo a proliferação celular e induzindo inflamação que danifica o DNA. A alta mortalidade associada ao CHC decorre de altas taxas de incidência, resistência tumoral, complicações hepáticas avançadas e diagnóstico tardio. O diagnóstico precoce é crucial, com a Associação Americana para o Estudo da Doença Hepática recomendando rastreamento em pacientes com cirrose e em homens asiáticos acima de 40 anos e mulheres asiáticas acima de 50 anos. O tratamento inclui ressecção cirúrgica, transplante de fígado e terapias antivirais, especialmente os Antivirais de Ação Direta (AAD) para hepatite C. A prevenção envolve vacinação contra o HBV, especialmente em recém-nascidos e em indivíduos com risco aumentado de infecção, visando melhorar a sobrevida e qualidade de vida dos pacientes. As hepatites B e C estão fortemente ligadas ao CHC, destacando-se a necessidade de estudos científicos para esclarecer controvérsias e promover a saúde da população.