bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Prognostic Biomarkers in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Chastain Elizabeth C. , Duncavage Eric J.
Published: September 2014

Context

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia are 2 of the most common B-cell lymphomas in adults. Both diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia share heterogeneous outcomes, and the use of prognostic biomarkers to better stratify risk in these patients has now become commonplace.

Objective

To review chronic lymphocytic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma biomarkers commonly used in the clinical laboratory, which can be divided into the following 3 main groups by testing methodology: chromosomal based (including fluorescence in situ hybridization and cytogenetics), expression based (including immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry), and DNA based (including gene sequencing for somatic mutations and IGVH mutational status).

Data Sources

Review of recent literature.

Conclusions

In chronic lymphocytic leukemia, important biomarkers include expression of CD38 and ZAP-70, IGVH mutational status, somatic mutations in TP53 and NOTCH1, and abnormalities in chromosomes 11, 12, 13q, and 17. In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, important biomarkers include chromosomal rearrangement of BCL2, BCL6, and MYC and expression of CD5, BCL2, and CD43, as well as somatic mutations in TP53 and BCL6.
Análisis de género de las campañas de publicidad de la Dirección General de Tráfico
Authors: Gaona Pisonero Carmen , Martínez Pastor Esther
Published: September 2014

En este artículo se realiza un análisis del tratamiento del género en las campañas publicitarias de la Dirección General de Tráfico del Ministerio del Interior del Gobierno de España, emitidas desde el año 2002, hasta el 2007. Este ejercicio analítico es de gran importancia, dada la repercusión que estas campañas tienen en la constitución del imaginario colectivo de la población española, puesto que defendemos la premisa de que las campañas de publicidad institucional emitidas por la Administración Pública como sujeto anunciante, son parte de nuestro patrimonio cultural por el grado de recuerdo y de impacto en la sociedad. La justificación teórica de dicha correlación, se integrará en el inicio de este artículo, para pasar, luego después, a presentar de forma detallada la metodología empleada.De forma breve, avanzamos como dicha metodología está basada en el registro de variables concretas tanto en el código visual como en el código sonoro, de la muestra seleccionada. Es importante el análisis detallado de estas campañas, siguiendo un riguroso control de registro en esas dos dimensiones, para poder dar explicación a previas percepciones generalitas, que como veremos se contradicen con los resultados obtenidos. De esto modo, pese a que en una primera instancia, desde la apariencia y el sentido común, podríamos calificar de sexistas las campañas de la DGT, pues tal y como se ha constatado en el código visual y el código sonoro, predomina una imagen masculina en las campañas nacionales de la DGT, la “masculinización” de las campañas de la DGT, corresponden a una dinámica de adecuación de éstas a su público objetivo, tal y como desarrollaremos de forma amplia a lo largo del artículo. Puntualizar que debemos de tener presente que el público objetivo de las campañas publicitarias de sensibilización de la DGT no sería la población española en general, sino que se corresponde con un segmento determinado: la población de riesgo de accidente.
Au pays des Mayas métis
Authors: Boccara Michel
Published: September 2014

Les Mayas du Yucatán s’appellent et sont appelés « Métis », cas unique en Amérique latine. Une étude historique est faite des raisons de cette appellation et des noms disponibles pour les « vrais » métis ainsi que les autres noms désignant les Yucatèques. Le concept dexaak’(variantexak’,xa’ak’), dont un des sens est « métis » en maya yucatèque mais qui signifie aussi mélange, et en particulier mélange de graines et mélange d’épices, est ensuite analysé à des fins comparatives. Il est mis en rapport avec la mythologie yucatèque ; puis sont étudiées les relations entre l’identité maya yucatèque et l’identité métisse. En conclusion, la lutte politique des Yucatèques d’aujourd’hui est envisagée en s’appuyant sur le concept de métissage en français et en yucatèque.
Du golfe Saint-Laurent aux côtes de Bretagne et de Normandie (1713-1760)
Authors: Mimeault Mario
Published: September 2014

Cet article entend démontrer les liens qui cimentaient la communauté maritime française en considérant les relations déployées à l’échelle des individus entre les littoraux de la France et de la Nouvelle-France. Nous posons l’hypothèse que l’univers atlantique, plus qu’un espace de mouvements, a été constitué d’un faisceau de relations interpersonnelles développées entre les points de départ des travailleurs de la mer, ceux qu’on appelle les pêcheurs, et leurs lieux d’implantation en Amérique. L’ensemble de ces rapports constitue une facette immatérielle mais bien réelle de la réalité halieutique, celle de l’interdépendance et des solidarités maintenues malgré les distances.
Justicia local mixta en Cajamarca (Perú): análisis etnológico de un pluralismo práctico
Authors: Piccoli Emmanuele
Published: September 2014

Justicia local mixta en Cajamarca (Perú): análisis etnológico de un pluralismo prácticoEl tema del pluralismo jurídico, del encuentro posible de varias maneras de “hacer justicia”, moviliza a numerosos antropólogos y juristas. Más allá de las discusiones acerca de los textos jurídicos, quisiéramos exponer una situación de pluralismo jurídico en el nivel local y describir la manera cómo diferentes formas de justicias pueden encontrarse. Se tratará entonces de abordar el pluralismo no como una noción, sino como una práctica. En esta contribución, nos aproximaremos más específicamente al caso de la provincia de Hualgayoc, en la región andina de Cajamarca, en Perú. Allá, las Rondas Campesinas, organizaciones de vigilancia, de justicia y de gestión del vivir juntos, reconocidas por el Estado, colaboran con la policía y un asesor legal para la resolución de problemas en la zona rural. Dejaremos aquí un espacio amplio para los datos de campo ya que nos parece que dan mucho que pensar acerca de la emergencia de una justicia mixta y pueden permitir el desarrollo de reflexiones de tipo comparativo.
"In Comitiis Generalibus seu. Hueupin": composición poética en mapudungun para un Parlamento General (B. de Havestadt, Chilidugu sive tractatus linguae chilensis, vol. II, Ed. J. Platzmann, 1883, pp. 598-599).
Authors: Payas Gertrudis , Quidel José
Published: September 2014

El jesuita B. de Havestadt (1714-1781) incluyó varias composiciones poéticas y musicales en mapudungun en su Chilidugu, alguna bilingüe mapudungun-latín y, en cuanto a género, casi todas de carácter religioso.
La que aquí presentamos es una excepción. Lleva por título In Comitiis Generalibus Seu. Hueupin, y es una composición inspirada en un modelo autóctono, el weupin, pieza de oratoria tradicional mapuche. Según lo indica el título, Havestadt la concibió para ser recitada en un Parlamento General, es decir, durante una asamblea, o coyag, hispanomapuche del máximo nivel de asistencia y representatividad.
Antropologías Mundiales: un clásico contemporáneo
Authors: Díaz Crovetto Gonzalo Rodrigo
Published: September 2014

Gustavo Lins Ribeiro y Arturo Escobar (editores), Antropologías delmundo. Transformaciones disciplinarias dentro de sistemas de poder.México, The Wenner-Green International, Centro de  Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social,  Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Universidad Ibereoamericana y Envión, 2009.
Contenidos
Authors: . .
Published: September 2014

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Intraoperative Patient Selection for Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Authors: Lee Joo Yong , Kim Kyu Hyun , Kim Man Deuk , Chung Doo Yong , Cho Kang Su
Published: September 2014

This study was conducted to report our experience of intraoperative patient selection for tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) based on a tentative decision-making algorithm. Thirty-four consecutive patients who were scheduled to undergo tubeless PCNL were included and medical records were obtained from a prospectively maintained database for these patients. After completion of PCNL, the nephrostomy site was observed with a safety guidewire in place. If there was no significant bleeding through the tract, tubeless PCNL was performed, and in cases with significant bleeding or other complications, nephrostomy catheter insertion was performed as usual. In 29 cases (85.3%), tubeless PCNL was performed according to our decision-making protocol. Mean stone size was 7.33 ± 9.35 cm2. Mean hospital stay was 2.61 ± 1.01 days. The difference between preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin was 0.68 ± 1.22 g/dL (p > 0.05). Visual analog pain scale scores immediately post-operation, on postoperative day one and on the day of discharge were 4.62 ± 1.80, 3.25 ± 1.68 (postoperative day one vs. operative day; p = 0.001), and 1.87 ± 0.83 (the day of discharge vs. operative day; p = 0.001), respectively. The success rate with insignificant remnant stones was 85.2% and complete stone-free rate was 76.5%. In conclusion, tubeless PCNL was performed successfully with low complication rate and reduced pain score through our decision-making algorithm.
Magnetic Cooling: Principles, Materials, and Operation
Authors: Hepburn Ian
Published: September 2014

The application and subsequent removal of a magnetic field causes cooling in certain materials, known as the magnetocaloric effect (MCE), and is the basis for magnetic refrigeration. This method of cooling was originally used to provide temperatures below 1 Kelvin but due to the discovery of materials exhibiting the MCE near room temperature, magnetic refrigeration as an alternative to conventional compressed gas refrigeration has emerged as a very active research field. Magnetic refrigeration is an efficient reversible refrigeration process and thus is attractive as an alternative to less efficient conventional room temperature refrigeration methods. The mechanism by which cooling is achieved is either by the magnetic field interaction with electrons, for temperatures greater than a few millikelvin or via the atomic nucleus for temperature lower than a millikelvin. The classical form of magnetic refrigeration utilizing electron cooling via the MCE is the adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator and the nuclear demagnetization refrigerator when utilizing the atomic nucleus for cooling.
Amplifier and Transistor Noise‐Parameter Measurements
Authors: Randa James
Published: September 2014

Methods for measuring the noise parameters of amplifiers and on‐wafer transistors are reviewed. After some preliminary background information and conventions are presented, noise parameters are defined and the most common measurement strategies are presented, both for packaged amplifiers and for on‐wafer transistors (or amplifiers). The uncertainty analysis for such measurements is reviewed, and check and verification methods are presented.
A parameter estimation framework for Multiscale Kalman Smoother algorithm in precipitation data fusion
Authors: Wang Shugong , Liang Xu
Published: September 2014

A new effective parameter estimation approach is presented for the Multiscale Kalman Smoother (MKS) algorithm. As demonstrated, it shows promising potentials in deriving better data products involving sources from different spatial scales and precisions. The proposed approach employs a multiobjective parameter estimation framework, which includes three multiobjective estimation schemes (MO schemes), rather than using the conventional maximum likelihood scheme (ML scheme), to estimate the MKS parameters. Unlike the ML scheme, the MO schemes are not built on strict statistical assumptions related to prediction errors and observation errors, rather, they directly associate the fused data of multiple scales with multiple objective functions. In the MO schemes, objective functions are defined to facilitate consistency among the fused data at multiple scales and the input data at their original scales as well in terms of spatial patterns and magnitudes. Merits of the new approach are evaluated through a Monte Carlo experiment and a series of comparison analyses using synthetic precipitation data that contain noises which follow either the multiplicative error model or the additive error model. Our results show that the MKS fused precipitation performs better using the MO framework. Improvements are particularly significant for the fused precipitation associated with fine spatial resolutions. This is due mainly to the adoption of more criteria and constraints in the MO framework. The weakness of the original ML scheme, arising from its blindly putting more weights into the data associated with finer resolutions, is circumvented in the proposed new MO framework.
The New Geologic Map of Mars: Guiding Research and Education
Authors: Tanaka Kenneth L.
Published: September 2014

Five spacecraft are currently investigating Mars, and a number of new missions to the Red Planet either have been launched or are in development. They are designed to probe the surface, subsurface, and atmosphere with a host of scientific instruments. Where will they make new discoveries? Clues to where they should focus investigations can be gleaned from a new geologic map of the planet (Fig. 1) [Tanaka et al., 2014].
A Rapid Response Study of the Hercules Gas Well Blowout
Authors: Joye Samantha B. , Montoya Joseph P. , Murawski Steven A. , Özgökmen Tamay M. , Wade Terry L. , Montuoro Raffaele , Roberts Brian J. , Hollander David J. , Jeffrey Wade H. , Chanton Jeffery P.
Published: September 2014

On 20 April 2010, the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig lost well control while drilling at the Macondo prospect in the Gulf of Mexico. At the time of the Macondo blowout, the academic scientific community was ill prepared to initiate and rapidly conduct the necessary coordinated interdisciplinary studies of the environments around the discharge area.
European Space Agency announces comet landing site
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: September 2014

Scientists believe that comets hold clues to the solar system's origins, and soon they will be one step closer to unlocking these secrets. Last week, the European Space Agency announced that the spacecraft Rosetta will deploy its lander, Philae, to land on the “head” of the comet 67/P Churyumov‐Gerasimenko at candidate site J. Project scientists have been racing to choose an ideal landing site since Rosetta arrived at the comet on 6 August. This event will mark the first landing mission on a comet.
Make Your Gift to AGU Personal
Authors: Howard Claire
Published: September 2014

Did you know that you can customize your giving to AGU by making a tribute gift or a monthly recurring gift or including AGU in your will or estate plans?
Effects of low‐viscosity post‐perovskite on the stability and structure of primordial reservoirs in the lower mantle
Authors: Li Yang , Deschamps Frédéric , Tackley Paul J.
Published: September 2014

We performed numerical experiments of thermochemical convection in 3‐D spherical geometry to investigate the effects of a low viscosity of post‐perovskite (pPv) on the stability and structure of primordial reservoirs of dense material in the lower mantle of the Earth. Our results show that weak pPv (1000× viscosity reduction in regions containing pPv) strongly increases the core‐mantle boundary (CMB) heat flux. The volume‐averaged mantle temperature with weak pPv is slightly higher than that with regular pPv, except in the lowermost mantle. This is because weak pPv weakens the base of the cold downwellings, allowing cold slabs to spread more easily and broadly along the CMB. The stability and size of the dense reservoirs is not substantially altered by weak pPv. In the weak pPv case, slabs spreading along the CMB slightly decreases the stability of dense reservoirs, i.e., the amount of dense material entrained upward is slightly larger than in the regular pPv case (i.e., viscosity of pPv identical to that of perovskite). Furthermore, the topography and steepness of these reservoirs slightly increase. However, as in the regular pPv case, the dense reservoirs are maintained over periods of time comparable to the age of the Earth.
Self‐Reported and Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Adults With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Ahn Grace E. , Chmiel Joan S. , Dunlop Dorothy D. , Helenowski Irene B. , Semanik Pamela A. , Song Jing , Ainsworth Barbara , Chang Rowland W. , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind
Published: September 2014

Objective

Most estimates of physical activity (PA) patterns in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are based on subjective self‐report measures prone to error. The aims of this study were to obtain objective measurements of PA using an accelerometer and estimates of energy expenditure based on the self‐reported International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and to describe their relationship.

Methods

The Activity in Lupus To Energize and Renew study, a cross‐sectional study of PA, included 129 persons with SLE. Accelerometer measures >7 days included total daily activity counts and minutes of moderate‐vigorous PA (MVPA). Each person completed the IPAQ via telephone interview. Spearman's correlations (r) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) assessed associations between accelerometer and IPAQ.

Results

Daily PA means and SDs from accelerometer measures were 502,910 ± 118,755 for total daily activity counts and 40 ± 30 minutes for MVPA. The median (interquartile range) MET minutes/day for IPAQ intensities were: 400 (159–693) for total; 83 (26–184) for walking; and 231 (77–514) for MVPA, and domains were: 0 (0–73) for work; 28 (0–85) for active transportation; 77 (26–231) for domestic and garden; and 57 (0–213) for leisure. Associations between accelerometer measures and IPAQ were 1) total daily count versus IPAQ total: r = 0.21 (95% CI 0.03, 0.37) and 2) MVPA versus IPAQ moderate‐vigorous: r = 0.16 (95% CI − 230.02, 0.33).

Conclusion

Accelerometer measures and IPAQ energy expenditure estimates were moderately correlated. IPAQ provided descriptive PA data, whereas accelerometers captured all daily activities, which can help assess guideline attainment. The choice of IPAQ versus accelerometer measure should include considering the purpose for which PA is measured.
Mediterranean Diet and Incidence of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Women
Authors: Hu Yang , Costenbader Karen H. , Gao Xiang , Hu Frank B. , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Lu Bing
Published: September 2014

Objective

We examined the association between a Mediterranean dietary pattern, as measured by the Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMed), and risk of incident rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in US women.

Methods

We prospectively followed 83,245 participants from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1980–2008) and 91,393 participants from NHS II (1991–2009) who were initially free of baseline connective tissue diseases. Dietary information was obtained via validated food frequency questionnaires at baseline and approximately every 4 years during followup. The aMed score was calculated according to the consumption status of 9 food components using cumulative average value. Time‐varying Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for RA, seropositive RA, and seronegative RA after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Results from 2 cohorts were pooled by an inverse variance–weighted, fixed‐effects model.

Results

During 3,511,050 person‐years of followup, 913 incident cases of RA were documented in the 2 cohorts. After adjustment for several lifestyle and dietary variables, in both cohorts greater adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern was not significantly associated with altered risk of RA. The pooled HR for women in the highest quartile of the aMed score was 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.80–1.20) compared with those in the bottom quartile. Similar nonsignificant results were observed for both seropositive and seronegative RA. We did not find significant associations between each individual food component (except for alcohol) of the aMed score and risk of incident RA.

Conclusion

We did not find a significant association between a Mediterranean dietary pattern and the risk of RA in women.
Molecular etiology of non‐dominant, non‐syndromic, mild‐to‐moderate childhood hearing impairment in Chinese Hans
Authors: Chai Yongchuan , Pang Xiuhong , Chen Dongye , Li Lei , Chen Ying , Sun Lianhua , Wang Xiaowen , Wu Hao , Yang Tao
Published: September 2014

Childhood hearing impairment (HI) is genetically heterogeneous. Compared with the severe‐to‐profound HI, the molecular etiology of mild‐to‐moderate HI in children has been less well characterized, especially for those not inherited in the dominant mode. In this study, we recruited 114 probands with non‐dominant, non‐syndromic, mild‐to‐moderate childhood HI. Sequencing of GJB2, SLC26A4, and MTRNR1 identified causative mutations in 30.7% (35/114), 4.4% (5/114), and 4.4% (5/114) of subjects, respectively. A majority (62.9%) of bi‐allelic GJB2 mutations have non‐truncating mutations in at least one allele. In 10 multiplex probands with no GJB2, SLC26A4, and MTRNR1 mutations identified, targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) of 79 known deafness genes did not identify any additional causes. Our data showed that the molecular etiology of mild‐to‐moderate childhood HI is considerably different from what reported for severe‐to‐profound HI and far from complete for those inherited in non‐dominant modes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation of siloxene nanosheet‐supported palladium as sustainable catalyst for Mizoroki–Heck reaction
Authors: Zhang Fei‐Bao , Lv Su‐Fang , Jiang Jian‐Xiong , Ni Yong
Published: September 2014

Siloxene nanosheets were successfully modified with palladium nanoparticles by reducing palladium chloride with hydrazine hydrate. The palladium nanoparticles–siloxene nanosheets as a catalyst for the Mizoroki–Heck reaction exhibited high activity, recoverability and stability. The structural morphology of the catalyst was investigated using transmission electron microscopy. High efficiency of the catalyst was proved in the Mizoroki–Heck reaction after five catalytic recycles. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intraarticular Hip Injection and Early Revision Surgery Following Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ravi Bheeshma , Escott Benjamin G. , Wasserstein David , Croxford Ruth , Hollands Simon , Paterson J. Michael , Kreder Hans J. , Hawker Gillian A.
Published: September 2014

Objective

Therapeutic intraarticular injections are used in the management of hip osteoarthritis (OA). Some studies suggest that their use increases the risk of infection and subsequent revision surgery after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), while others do not. We undertook this study to clarify the relationship between prior intraarticular injection and the risk of complication in a subsequent primary THA.

Methods

In a cohort of patients with hip OA who underwent a primary elective THA between 2002 and 2009, we identified those who received ≥1 intraarticular injection performed by a radiologist in the 5 years preceding their THA. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the relationship between receipt of a presurgical injection (no injection, 1–5 years prior to THA, or <1 year prior to THA) and the occurrence of postsurgical joint infection and revision THA in the following 2 years, while controlling for confounders.

Results

Of 37,881 eligible THA recipients, 2,468 (6.5%) received an intraarticular injection performed by a radiologist within 5 years of their THA (1,691 at <1 year, 777 at 1–5 years). Controlling for age, sex, comorbidity, frailty, income, and provider volume, those who had an injection in the year preceding surgery were at increased risk of infection (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.37, P = 0.03) and revision THA (adjusted HR 1.53, P = 0.03) within 2 years of the primary THA, relative to patients who did not. The association between prior injection and revision arthroplasty was attenuated and became nonsignificant (adjusted HR 1.41, P = 0.13) after occurrence of postoperative infection was controlled for in the regression model. No effect was found for injection 1–5 years prior to surgery.

Conclusion

Intraarticular injection in the year preceding THA independently predicted increased risk of infection leading to early revision surgery. Further studies are warranted to elucidate explanations for these findings.
Translating the QABF to Spanish with an Eye Toward Reliability and Validity
Authors: Wallace Michele D. , Vega Cristina M. , Hernandez Anthony
Published: September 2014

We developed a Spanish‐language version of the Questions About Behavioral Function (QABF) utilizing a forward‐adaptation and back‐adaptation translation process. Subsequently, we administered the assessment with 80 bilingual participants to assess the reliability and validity of the instrument. Results demonstrated that the Spanish version of the QABF was both reliable (i.e., was internally consistent) and valid (i.e., identified the correct function). Implications and future research are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Withdrawal Versus Reversal: A Necessary Distinction?
Authors: Wine Byron , Freeman Thomas R. , King Allison
Published: September 2014

In the behavior analysis literature, the terms withdrawal and reversal are widely used to refer to various iterations of the basic A‐B‐A or A‐B‐A‐B experimental design structure. Although these terms were initially used to label two distinct but closely related experimental designs, it now appears that many researchers have come to use these terms interchangeably. A review of major behavior analytic journals published between 2009 and 2013 reveals a strong preference among researchers for use of the term reversal in labeling the design described in the publication, whether or not that design is characterized by the specific features initially associated with the reversal design. This paper describes the origin of this definitional distinction and reviews the case for abolishing that distinction. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Summing it up: An integrative review of studies of cancer survivorship care plans (2006‐2013)
Authors: Mayer Deborah K. , Birken Sarah A. , Check Devon K. , Chen Ronald C.
Published: September 2014

In 2006, the Institute of Medicine recommended that cancer survivors who are completing primary treatment receive a survivorship care plan (SCP) based on face validity. The state of scientific knowledge regarding the SCP is unclear. The authors conducted an integrative review of existing evidence regarding SCPs. The MEDLINE/PubMed database, the Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) database were searched for relevant studies published between 2006 and 2013 using a combination of keywords: “survivors,” “survivorship,” “care plans,” “care planning,” “treatment summaries,” and “cancer.” Articles were included if they 1) reported results from an empirical study, 2) included cancer survivors who were diagnosed at age ≥18 years, 3) related to SCP, and 4) were published in English. In total, 781 records were retrieved; 77 were identified as duplicates, and 665 were abstracts or presentations that did not relate to SCPs for adults or were not empirical, which left 42 articles for inclusion in this review. Studies regarding SCP fell into 3 categories: 1) content (n=14), 2) dissemination and implementation (n=14), and 3) survivor and provider outcomes (n=14). SCPs have been endorsed and are associated with improved knowledge, but SCP use remains sporadic. Only 4 studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that avoided many biases associated with observational studies. Other limitations included cross‐sectional or pre‐SCP–post‐SCP (“pre‐post”) designs, limited generalizability caused by a lack of sample diversity, and a lack of systematic testing of data‐collection tools. The quantity and quality of SCP research are limited. SCPs have been endorsed, but evidence of improved outcomes associated with SCP is limited. Future research that addresses the methodological concerns of extant studies is needed regarding SCP use, content, and outcomes. Cancer 2015;121:978–996. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Molecular characterizations of glioblastoma, targeted therapy, and clinical results to date
Authors: Bastien Jayson I. L. , McNeill Katharine A. , Fine Howard A.
Published: September 2014

During the last decade, extensive multiplatform genome‐wide analysis has yielded a wealth of knowledge regarding the genetic and molecular makeup of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). These profiling studies support the emerging view that GBM comprises a group of highly heterogeneous tumor types, each with its own distinct molecular and genetic signatures. This heterogeneity complicates the process of defining reliable intertumor/intratumor biological states, which will ultimately be needed for classifying tumors and for designing effective customized therapies that target resultant disease pathways. The increased understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of GBM has brought the hope and expectation that such knowledge will lead to better and more rational therapies directed toward specific molecular targets. To date, however, these expectations have largely been unrealized. This review discusses some of the principal genetic and epigenetic aberrations found in GBM that appear promising for targeted therapies now and in the near future, and it offers suggestions for future directions concerning the rather disappointing results of clinical trials to date. Cancer 2015;121:502–516. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Phase 2 study of RO4929097, a gamma‐secretase inhibitor, in metastatic melanoma: SWOG 0933
Authors: Lee Sylvia M. , Moon James , Redman Bruce G. , Chidiac Tarek , Flaherty Lawrence E. , Zha Yuanyuan , Othus Megan , Ribas Antoni , Sondak Vernon K. , Gajewski Thomas F. , Margolin Kim A.
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUND

Aberrant Notch activation confers a proliferative advantage to many human tumors, including melanoma. This phase 2 trial assessed the antitumor activity of RO4929097, a gamma‐secretase inhibitor of Notch signaling, with respect to the progression‐free and overall survival of patients with advanced melanoma.

METHODS

Chemotherapy‐naive patients with metastatic melanoma of cutaneous or unknown origin were treated orally with RO4929097 at a dose of 20 mg daily 3 consecutive days per week. A 2‐step accrual design was used with an interim analysis of the first 32 patients and with continuation of enrollment if 4 or more of the 32 patients responded.

RESULTS

Thirty‐six patients from 23 institutions were enrolled; 32 patients were evaluable. RO4929097 was well tolerated, and most toxicities were grade 1 or 2. The most common toxicities were nausea (53%), fatigue (41%), and anemia (22%). There was 1 confirmed partial response lasting 7 months, and there were 8 patients with stable disease lasting at least through week 12, with 1 of these continuing for 31 months. The 6‐month progression‐free survival rate was 9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2%‐22%), and the 1‐year overall survival rate was 50% (95% CI, 32%‐66%). Peripheral blood T‐cell assays showed no significant inhibition of the production of interleukin‐2, a surrogate pharmacodynamic marker of Notch inhibition, and this suggested that the drug levels were insufficient to achieve Notch target inhibition.

CONCLUSIONS

RO4929097 showed minimal clinical activity against metastatic melanoma in this phase 2 trial, possibly because of inadequate exposure to therapeutic drug levels. Although Notch inhibition remains a compelling target in melanoma, the results do not support further investigation of RO4929097 with this dose and schedule. Cancer 2015;121:432–440. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Obesity is associated with worse quality of life in women with gynecologic malignancies: An opportunity to improve patient‐centered outcomes
Authors: Doll Kemi M. , Kalinowski Alison K. , Snavely Anna C. , Irwin Debra E. , Bensen Jeannette T , Bae‐Jump Victoria L. , Kim Kenneth H. , Van Le Linda , Clarke‐Pearson Daniel L. , Gehrig Paola A.
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUND

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of obesity on pretreatment quality of life (QoL) in gynecologic oncology patients.

METHODS

The authors analyzed collected data from an institution‐wide cohort study of women with gynecologic cancers enrolled from August 2012 to June 2013. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐General, site‐specific symptom scales, and the National Institutes of Health Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) global mental and physical health tools were administered. Survey results were linked to clinical data abstracted from medical records (demographics and comorbid conditions). Bivariate tests and multivariate linear regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with QoL scores.

RESULTS

A total of 182 women with ovarian, uterine, cervical, and vulvar/vaginal cancers were identified; of these, 152 (84%) were assessed before surgery. Mean body mass index was 33.5 kg/m2 and race included white (120 patients [79%]), black (22 patients [15%]), and other (10 patients [6.5%]). A total of 98 patients (64.5%) were obese (body mass index ≥30). On multivariate analysis, subscales for functional (17 vs 19; P = .04), emotional (16 vs 19; P = .008), and social (22 vs 24; P = .02) well‐being as well as overall Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐General scores (77 vs 86; P = .002) and Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System global physical health scores (45 vs 49; P = .003) were found to be significantly lower in obese versus nonobese patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Before cancer treatment, obese patients with gynecologic malignancies appear to have worse baseline QoL than their normal‐weight counterparts. Emerging models of QoL‐based cancer outcome measures may disproportionately affect populations with a high obesity burden. The potential disparate impact of cancer therapy on longitudinal QoL in the obese versus nonobese patients needs to be evaluated. Cancer 2015;121:395–402. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic factors for advanced‐stage human immunodeficiency virus‐associated classical Hodgkin lymphoma treated with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine plus combined antiretroviral therapy: A multi‐institutional retrospective study
Authors: Castillo Jorge J. , Bower Mark , Brühlmann Jérémy , Novak Urban , Furrer Hansjakob , Tanaka Paula Y. , Besson Caroline , Montoto Silvia , Cwynarski Kate , Abramson Jeremy S. , Dalia Samir , Bibas Michele , Connors Joseph M. , Furman Michael , Nguyen Minh‐Ly , Cooley Timothy P. , Beltran Brady E. , Collins Jaime A. , Vose Julie M. , Xicoy Blanca , Ribera Josep‐Maria ,   for the HIV‐Associated Hodgkin Lymphoma in the cART Era Study Group
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUND

The treatment and outcomes of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐associated Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) continue to evolve. The International Prognostic Score (IPS) is used to predict the survival of patients with advanced‐stage HL, but it has not been validated in patients with HIV infection.

METHODS

This was a multi‐institutional, retrospective study of 229 patients with HIV‐associated, advanced‐stage, classical HL who received doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) plus combination antiretroviral therapy. Their clinical characteristics were presented descriptively, and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the factors that were predictive of response and prognostic of progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

RESULTS

The overall and complete response rates to ABVD in patients with HIV‐associated HL were 91% and 83%, respectively. After a median follow‐up of 5 years, the 5‐year PFS and OS rates were 69% and 78%, respectively. In multivariate analyses, there was a trend toward an IPS score >3 as an adverse factor for PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.49;P=.15) and OS (HR, 1.84;P=.06). A cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)‐positive (T‐helper) cell count <200 cells/μL was associated independently with both PFS (HR, 2.60;P=.002) and OS (HR, 2.04;P=.04). The CD4‐positive cell count was associated with an increased incidence of death from other causes (HR, 2.64;P=.04) but not with death from HL‐related causes (HR, 1.55;P=.32).

CONCLUSIONS

The current results indicate excellent response and survival rates in patients with HIV‐associated, advanced‐stage, classical HL who receive ABVD and combination antiretroviral therapy as well as the prognostic value of the CD4‐positive cell count at the time of lymphoma diagnosis for PFS and OS.Cancer2015;121:423–431.©2014 American Cancer Society.
Undercooling measurement and nucleation study of silicon droplet solidification
Authors: Tsoutsouva M.G. , Duffar T. , Garnier C. , Fournier G.
Published: September 2014

The most efficient method to investigate nucleation phenomena is to measure the undercooling temperature at the beginning of the solidification process since it gives information about whether or not a certain substrate favors the heterogeneous nucleation. In this work a suitable experimental setup has been designed and developed for the study of nucleation phenomena, where a silicon droplet is directly placed and melted on a substrate. The melting‐solidification process was filmed and the undercooling temperature was simultaneously measured by monochromatic and bichromatic pyrometers. For all the studied substrates the melting process started from the bottom of the sample where there was a contact with the substrate. In the case of zyarock and fused silica substrates, on which we focalize in the present paper, the temperature profile of the silicon sample presented a temperature plateau during melting and a typical cooling curve showing undercooling, recalescence and a plateau denoting that solidification occurred under isothermal conditions. It was also found that the nature of the substrates influences the measured undercooling values and the shape of the solidified silicon droplets.
NF‐κB is crucial in proximal T‐cell signaling for calcium influx and NFAT activation
Authors: Bronk Crystina C. , Yoder Sean , Hopewell Emily L. , Yang Shengyu , Celis Esteban , Yu Xue‐Zhong , Beg Amer A.
Published: September 2014

In the accepted model of T‐cell activation, parallel signal‐transduction pathways activate the transcription factors NF‐κB, NFAT, and AP‐1 to drive clonal expansion of T cells in response to Ag. Genome‐wide transcriptional profiling following Ag‐induced CD8+ T‐cell activation in C57BL/6 mouse T cells revealed that genes regulated by NFAT were also reduced in the absence of NF‐κB p50 and cRel subunits. Importantly, p50−/−cRel−/−CD8+ T cells had significantly diminished NFAT and AP‐1 activation compared with WT or PKCθ−/− CD8+ T cells. Attenuated NFAT activation after TCR engagement was associated with reduced calcium influx, PLCγ and Zap70 activation. Interestingly, pharmacological bypass of PLCγ‐regulated pathways largely rescued p50−/−cRel−/− T‐cell proliferative defects. These results indicate a crucial and unexpected requirement for NF‐κB p50 and cRel subunits in proximal TCR signaling and calcium responses. They further suggest that key defects in T cells in the absence of NF‐κB pathway components may be due to impaired proximal T‐cell signaling.
Cooperative bargaining game‐theoretic methodology for 5G wireless heterogeneous networks
Authors: Yang Chungang , Li Jiandong , Anpalagan Alagan
Published: September 2014

Cooperative game‐theoretic modelling, analysis and design are critical to mitigate interference and save energy for 5G wireless evolution. Nash axiomatic cooperative game has been widely used to model various cooperation‐motivated technical problems, notably in signal processing and communications. However, its most potentials have not been fully exploited, for example, different trade‐offs between efficiency and fairness, where efficiency is referred to as both spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE). The trade‐offs can be determined by various cooperative solution concepts, for example, the favourable Nash bargaining solution and its rarely studied extensions. Therefore, we first overview the basics of the celebrated Nash bargaining solution and its extensions with geometric interpretations to help better understand them and facilitate distributed algorithm design. Then, both symmetric and asymmetric cooperative game‐theoretic frameworks are formulated with different trade‐offs incorporating an asymmetric unified β‐coefficient determined cooperative game model. As a use case, an α‐parameter‐related preference function is designed first incorporating both SE and EE. Then, the presented frameworks with the new preference function are studied in a typical heterogeneous network. In the following text, we characterise the effects of β‐coefficient to fairness and efficiency and α‐parameter to SE and EE. Finally, we conclude the article with the hope of stimulating more interest in cooperative bargaining game and its wider applications in the signalling and communication communities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
De Facto Index of Monetary Policy Domestic Activism and Inefficient Trilemma Configurations in Oecd Countries
Authors: Wu Thomas
Published: September 2014

This paper presents a measure of de facto monetary policy commitment towards domestic objectives—namely, price and output stability—based on how well Taylor rules fit interest rate data for Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) economies between 2002 and 2009. The resulting index reveals that although 17 of the 18 autonomous central banks analysed state price stability as their de jure primary objective, the observed de facto behaviour is quite different. Higher de facto monetary policy domestic activism seems to be correlated with lower real gross domestic product growth volatility and lower average consumer price index inflation from a cross‐sectional perspective and lower levels of financial stress from a time‐series perspective. Moreover, there is evidence that inefficient trilemma configurations—in which further improvements along more than one policy dimension should be simultaneously achievable—are more likely to be observed in less developed OECD economies with higher degrees of stress in their financial system. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wear effects on microscopic morphology and hyaluronan uptake in siloxane‐hydrogel contact lenses
Authors: Tavazzi Silvia , Tonveronachi Martina , Fagnola Matteo , Cozza Federica , Ferraro Lorenzo , Borghesi Alessandro , Ascagni Miriam , Farris Stefano
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this study was a comparison between new and worn siloxane‐hydrogel contact lenses in terms of microscopic structure, surface morphology, and loading of hyaluronan. The analyses were performed by scanning electron microscopy, with the support of the freeze‐drying technique, and by fluorescence confocal microscopy. Along the depth profile of new lenses, a thin porous top layer was observed, which corresponds to the region of hyaluronan penetration inside well‐defined channels. The time evolution was followed from one day to two weeks of daily wear, when a completely different scenario was found. Clear experimental evidence of a buggy surface was observed with several crests and regions of swelling, which could be filled by the hyaluronan solution. The modifications are attributed to the progressive relaxation of the structure of the polymeric network. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1092–1098, 2015.
Understanding the tissue effects of tribo‐corrosion: Uptake, distribution, and speciation of cobalt and chromium in human bone cells
Authors: Shah Karan M. , Quinn Paul D. , Gartland Alison , Wilkinson J. Mark
Published: September 2014

Cobalt and chromium species are released in the local tissues as a result of tribo‐corrosion, and affect bone cell survival and function. However we have little understanding of the mechanisms of cellular entry, intracellular distribution, and speciation of the metals that result in impaired bone health. Here we used synchrotron based X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and fluorescent‐probing approaches of candidate receptors P2X7R and divalent metal transporter‐1 (DMT‐1), to better understand the entry, intra‐cellular distribution and speciation of cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) in human osteoblasts and primary human osteoclasts. We found that both Co and Cr were most highly localized at nuclear and perinuclear sites in osteoblasts, suggesting uptake through cell membrane transporters, and supported by a finding that P2X7 receptor blockade reduced cellular entry of Co. In contrast, metal species were present at discrete sites corresponding to the basolateral membrane in osteoclasts, suggesting cell entry by endocytosis and trafficking through a functional secretory domain. An intracellular reduction of Cr6+ to Cr3+ was the only redox change observed in cells treated with Co2+, Cr3+, and Cr6+. Our data suggest that the cellular uptake and processing of Co and Cr differs between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 33:114–121, 2015.
The heat equation under conditions on the moments in higher dimensions
Authors: Mugnolo Delio , Nicaise Serge
Published: September 2014

We consider the heat equation on the N‐dimensional cube (0, 1)N and impose different classes of integral conditions, instead of usual boundary ones. Well‐posedness results for the heat equation under the condition that the moments of order 0 and 1 are conserved had been known so far only in the case of , for which such conditions can be easily interpreted as conservation of mass and barycenter. In this paper we show that in the case of general N the heat equation with such integral conditions is still well‐posed, upon suitably relaxing the notion of solution. Existence of solutions with general initial data in a suitable space of distributions over (0, 1)N are proved by introducing two appropriate realizations of the Laplacian and checking by form methods that they generate analytic semigroups. The solution thus obtained turns out to solve the heat equation only in a certain distributional sense. However, one of these realizations is tightly related to a well‐known object of operator theory, the Krein–von Neumann extension of the Laplacian. This connection also establishes well‐posedness in a classical sense, as long as the initial data are L2‐functions.