bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The General Tensional Relaxation Properties of a Bolting Steel
Authors: Frey D. N.
Published: July 2022

One objective of the investigation reported in the paper was to measure the tensional relaxation properties of a Cr-Mo-Si-Va commercial high-temperature bolting at 1000 F under varying conditions of follow-up by means of the step-down relaxation test. To this end certain necessary assumptions were made relative to high-temperature behavior, which were checked for validity by means of a true relaxation test, with a particular value of elastic follow-up, carried out in a Barr and Bardgett test unit. Comparison of these results with the results of the step-down test at the same value of elastic follow-up gives a partial evaluation of the assumptions inherent in the latter testing method.
Intermittent Heating for Aircraft Ice Protection With Application to Propellers and Jet Engines
Authors: Tribus Myron
Published: July 2022

The equations for intermittent heat transfer during icing conditions are presented and solved by means of an electrical analog. The results of the analog investigation are compared favorably with measured time-temperature data previously reported in the literature. The analysis shows that contrary to the experience with steadily heated ice-prevention systems, the energy requirements for ice prevention using intermittent heating decrease with increasing ice-accretion rate. Corroborative evidence is found in the literature. The thermal analyzer is used to demonstrate how the protection afforded for propeller deicing may be increased without an increase in the energy required from the electrical supply of the airplane and without major redesign of existing propeller heaters. In the case of jet-engine guide-vane deicing, for a typical installation, the indicated power requirements are 1 kw per engine. In each case the minimum energy requirements occur when large amounts of power are applied for very short intervals of time. Suggestions for further reductions in power are given.
Solid-Type Journal Bearings in High-Speed Freight Service
Authors: Pearce E. S. , Shoemaker R. J. , Cox I. E.
Published: July 2022

This paper encompasses the operating conditions involved in the selection of the bearing equipment used in high-speed freight service. Consideration is given to the performance of the solid-type bearing, as well as the potentials of future development, and the superior adaptability of the solid-type bearing to the economics of railroad operation.
Fatigue Tests on Flanged Assemblies
Authors: Markl A. R. C. , George H. H.
Published: July 2022

Qualitative differences between the various types of pipe flanges in common use have long been recognized, but their quantitative evaluation in terms of rules, formulas, or ratings which could be used as a guide by the practicing engineer has been accomplished only partially. Two problems are involved, i.e., the determination of the strength and tightness of a flanged assembly under internal pressure, and the other the effects of the variable bending moments associated with mechanical vibrations or temperature fluctuations of the flowing medium or surrounding atmosphere. The present investigation is intended to contribute toward an understanding of the latter phase; stress-intensification factors are reported which have been obtained from fatigue tests of full-scale assemblies of 4-in. flanges of the 300-lb ASA pressure class and hence are directly applicable to piping flexibility calculations.
Motor-Generator Locomotives, Their Design and Operating Characteristics
Authors: Fox J. C. , Gaynor J. F. N. , Gowans F. D.
Published: July 2022

The motor-generator type of locomotive permits the application of the direct-current series-wound traction motor, with its highly desirable characteristics, to electrifications deriving their power from a single-phase alternating-current trolley. This is of particular benefit in the operation of heavy-drag freight trains on mountain grades. Nearly 30 years of design and operating experience have gone into the development of this type of locomotive. The latest examples are the units recently placed in service on the electrified sections of the Great Northern and Virginian Railways. Noteworthy features in the design, construction, and operation of these units are discussed.
The Optimum Adjustment of Regulators
Authors: Hazebroek P. , van der Waerden B. L.
Published: July 2022

In this paper a practical method is proposed for the adjustment of regulators in order to obtain the most satisfactory regulation of a process variable which should be kept at a constant value. The regulator is assumed to perform proportional and integral action, derivative action not being taken into consideration for the present.
The Exhaust-Heated Gas-Turbine Cycle
Authors: Mordell D. L.
Published: July 2022

The author describes and discusses a gas-turbine cycle in which the combustion chamber is placed behind the turbine, raising the exhaust temperature to a level at which all the heat required for the compressor air can be supplied by the heat exchanger. The possibilities of such a cycle for the utilization of low-grade solid or liquid fuels are explained and attention is drawn to the convenience with which steam can be generated from the otherwise wasted heat, and the over-all thermal efficiencies which may be obtained by a combination of gas and steam turbines.
Properties and Characteristics of Fuel Oils for Industrial Gas-Turbine Usage
Authors: Heath D. P. , Albat E.
Published: July 2022

Largely as a result of the rapid wartime development of gas turbines for aircraft usage, renewed emphasis has been placed upon the development of gas turbines for industrial applications. At the present time a number of domestic organizations are quite active in this field. One of the principal industrial applications of gas turbines in the United States is their use in the Houdry catalytic-cracking process in the oil-refining industry. Recent development work is centered around their use in the field of locomotive and marine propulsion using either coal or oil as fuel. The ultimate choice of a fuel is a complex problem involving such factors as fuel cost, engine performance and maintenance, and fuel availability. As far as fuel oils are concerned, the designer is further confronted with a wide variety of grades from which to choose. This paper presents information on the fuel properties and characteristics which are commonly employed for the identification and specification of such fuel oils, and also on those properties which are felt to be of significance with regard to fuel-system design and combustion-chamber and gas-turbine performance. Since fuel cost and availability are intimately related to supply and demand considerations, only limited regard is given to these factors in the present paper.
The Coal-Hydrogenation Demonstration Plant at Louisiana, Mo.
Authors: Markovits J. A.
Published: July 2022

The 200 to 300-bbl per day capacity demonstration plant hydrogenates coal at 700 atm pressure in two stages. First, coal paste is liquefied with finely divided iron catalyst at 525 atm hydrogen partial pressure, then the middle oil distillate is further hydrogenated in the vapor phase on fixed catalyst beds. The hydrogen is made by catalytic reforming of natural gas with steam.
Metallurgical and Fabrication Considerations in the Coal-Hydrogenation Demonstration-Plant Construction
Authors: Leonard B. H. , Gardner G. D. , Markovits J. A.
Published: July 2022

Special equipment, special steels, and heavy wall thicknesses were required to handle hydrogen and abrasive pastes at the high pressures and temperatures of coal hydrogenation. Some metallurgical and fabrication problems pertaining to this specialized process are discussed herein.
Design of Preheaters and Heat Exchangers for Coal-Hydrogenation Plants
Authors: Laughrey P. W. , Gwillim W. I. , Schappert H. , Markovits J. A.
Published: July 2022

The preheater and the heat-exchanger possibilities of the coal-hydrogenation process are described. Comparison has been made between the demonstration and the German plant equipment. Emphasis has been placed on the importance of developing applicable high-pressure heat exchangers for commercial-size plants, in order to eliminate the preheaters and increase the thermal efficiency of the process.
Extrapolation of Static Tests to Predict Operation of Jet Engines in Flight
Authors: Meyer C. A.
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this paper is to present a method which enables a prediction of flight performance of a jet engine from data obtainable in the test cell. The range of flight performance obtained by the method is of course limited by the operating range covered in the static tests. The method is also useful in comparing static tests with flight or wind-tunnel data. A curve is also presented which is generally useful in the solution of many flow problems.
Allowable Eccentricity of Spherical Heads Convex to Pressure
Authors: Sturm R. G. , Smith L. W. , O’Brien H. L.
Published: July 2022

This paper discusses the variables and considerations in the design of spherical heads or shells, initially out-of-round, when subjected to external pressure. A method of calculating charts for design purposes based upon the instantaneous modulus of elasticity is presented herein. Calculations and charts for aluminum 3SO, and charts for stainless steel, 17-7 and “A” nickel are shown.
Crude-Oil Flow Characteristics Experienced in Large-Diameter Lines
Authors: Anderson L. E.
Published: July 2022

Characteristics of crude-oil flow in large-diameter lines have been investigated by gathering data on lines under normal operating conditions. A description of these tests, and a summary of the results obtained are discussed in this paper. From these tests, an exponential equation has been derived to determine capacity or pressure drop for all trunk lines pumping crude oil in the turbulent-flow region. In connection with these flow tests, an investigation was made into the effect of pressure on viscosity in the range of normal pipe-line operating pressures. This effect, which in the past has been assumed to be a negligible one, is shown to be of definite importance.
Attenuation of Oscillatory Pressures in Instrument Lines
Authors: Iberall A. S.
Published: July 2022

A theoretical investigation has been made of the attenuation and lag of an oscillatory pressure variation applied to one end of a tube, when the other end is connected to a pressure-sensitive element. An elementary theory based upon incompressible viscous fluid is first developed. The elementary solution is then modified to take into account compressibility; finite-pressure amplitudes; appreciable fluid acceleration; and finite length of tubing (end effects). Account is taken of heat transfer into the tube. The complete theory is derived in an appendix. The results are summarized in eight graphs in a form convenient for use in computing the lag and attenuation of a sinusoidal oscillation in a transmission tube.
Optimum Tube Size for Shell-and-Tube-Type Heat Exchangers
Authors: Cardwell F. D.
Published: July 2022

The total annual cost for a shell-and-tube-type heat exchanger, which is the sum of the annual power cost plus the fixed charges or annual amortization of the initial cost of the equipment, is found to vary sharply with small changes in tube size when the heat-transfer rate is held constant. Equations are developed reducing the number of assumptions to length of tubes and diameter of tubes for fixed design conditions such as total flow rates in shell and tube and required heat-transfer rate. For a selected length as a parameter, then, the total annual cost can be calculated for each tube diameter. The optimum tube diameter is determined from a graph of these corresponding values which has a well-defined minimum value for the total annual cost. A family of these curves, each having a different length as the parameter, will each have a minimum. These minimal values will all be nearly equal. Another family of curves with standard tube diameter as the parameter will each have a minimum giving the optimum length for each diameter. Therefore only one convenient parameter need be selected from which the optimum combination can be determined from a curve. Since the required heat-transfer-surface area is now known, the number of tubes for this combination follows automatically.
Field-Derived Maximal Power Output in Cycling: An Accurate Indicator of Maximal Performance Capacity?
Authors: Pallares Jesús G. , Hernández-Belmonte Alejandro , Valenzuela Pedro L. , Muriel Xabier , Mateo-March Manuel , Barranco-Gil David , Lucia Alejandro
Published: July 2022

Purpose: To determine the validity of field-derived mean maximum power (MMP) values for monitoring maximal cycling endurance performance. Methods: Twenty-seven male professional cyclists performed 3 timed trials (TTs) of 1-, 5-, and 20-minute duration that were used as the gold standard reference. Field-based power output data (3336 files; 124 [25] per cyclist) were registered during the preparatory (60 d pre-TT, including training data only) and specific period of the season (60 d post-TT, including both training and competitions). Comparisons were made between TT performance (mean power output) and MMP values obtained for efforts of the same duration as TT (MMP of 1-, 5-, and 20-min duration). The authors also compared TT- and MMP-derived values of critical power (CP) and anaerobic work capacity. Results: A large correlation (P < .001, r > .65) was found between MMP and TT performance regardless of the effort duration or season period. However, considerable differences (P < .05, standard error of measurement [SEM]  > 5%) were found between MMP and TT values for all effort durations in the preparatory period, as well as for the derived CP and anaerobic work capacity. Significant differences were also found between MMP and TT of 1 minute in the specific period, as well as for anaerobic work capacity, yet with no differences for MMP of 5- and 20-minute duration or the derived CP (P > .05, SEM < 5%). Conclusion: MMP values (for efforts ≥5 min) and the associated CP obtained from both training sessions and competitions can be considered overall accurate indicators of the cyclist’s maximal capabilities, but specific tests might be necessary for shorter efforts or when considering training sessions only.
A biomineral-inspired approach of synthesizing colloidal persistent phosphors as a multicolor, intravital light source
Authors: Yang Fan , Wu Xiang , Cui Han , Ou Zihao , Jiang Shan , Cai Sa , Zhou Qi , Wong Bryce G. , Huang Hans , Hong Guosong
Published: July 2022

Many in vivo biological techniques, such as fluorescence imaging, photodynamic therapy, and optogenetics, require light delivery into biological tissues. The limited tissue penetration of visible light discourages the use of external light sources and calls for the development of light sources that can be delivered in vivo. A promising material for internal light delivery is persistent phosphors; however, there is a scarcity of materials with strong persistent luminescence of visible light in a stable colloid to facilitate systemic delivery in vivo. Here, we used a bioinspired demineralization (BID) strategy to synthesize stable colloidal solutions of solid-state phosphors in the range of 470 to 650 nm and diameters down to 20 nm. The exceptional brightness of BID-produced colloids enables their utility as multicolor luminescent tags in vivo with favorable biocompatibility. Because of their stable dispersion in water, BID-produced nanophosphors can be delivered systemically, acting as an intravascular colloidal light source to internally excite genetically encoded fluorescent reporters within the mouse brain.
Supplemental Material: Drainage initiation, expansion, and channel-head arrest in heterogenous bedrock landscapes of the Colorado Plateau
Authors: Steelquist A.T. , et al.
Published: July 2022

Figures S1–S4.
Important adverse events to be evaluated in antidepressant trials and meta-analyses in depression: a large international preference study including patients and healthcare professionals
Authors: Chevance Astrid , Tomlinson Anneka , Ravaud Philippe , Touboul Suzanne , Henshall Catherine , Tran Viet-Thi , Cipriani Andrea
Published: July 2022

Background

Non-serious adverse events (NSAEs) should be captured and reported because they can have a significant negative impact on patients and treatment adherence. However, the reporting of NSAEs in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is limited.

Objective

To identify the most important NSAEs of antidepressants for patients and clinicians, to be evaluated in RCTs and meta-analyses.

Methods

We conducted online international surveys in English, German and French, including (1) adults prescribed an antidepressant for a depressive episode and (2) healthcare professionals (HCPs) prescribing antidepressants. Participants ranked the 30 most frequent NSAEs reported in the scientific literature. We fitted logit models for sets of ranked items and calculated for each AE the probability to be ranked higher than the least important AE. We also identified additional patient-important AEs not included in the ranking task via open-ended questions.

Findings

We included 1631 patients from 44 different countries (1290 (79.1%) women, mean age 39.4 (SD 13), 289 (37.1%) with severe depression (PHQ-9 score ≥20)) and 281 HCPs (224 (79.7%) psychiatrists). The most important NSAEs for patients were insomnia (95.9%, 95% CI 95.2% to 96.5%), anxiety (95.2%, 95% CI 94.3% to 95.9%) and fatigue (94.6%, 95% CI 93.6% to 95.4%). The most important NSAEs for HCPs were sexual dysfunction (99.2%, 95% CI 98.5% to 99.6%), weight gain (98.9%, 95% CI 97.7% to 99.4%) and erectile problems (98.8%, 95% CI 97.7% to 99.4%). Participants reported 66 additional NSAEs, including emotional numbing (8.6%), trouble with concentration (7.6%) and irritability (6%).

Conclusions

These most important NSAEs should be systematically reported in antidepressant trials.

Clinical implications

The most important NSAEs should contribute to the core outcome set for harms in depression.
Benchmarking bioinformatics approaches for tumour mutational burden evaluation from a large cancer panel against whole-exome sequencing
Authors: Pang Jiuhong , Xia Hongai , Mi Shijun , Zhang Wen , Pendrick Danielle , Freeman Christopher , Fernandes Helen , Mansukhani Mahesh , Hsiao Susan J
Published: July 2022

Tumour mutational burden (TMB) is used to predict response to immunotherapies. Although several groups have proposed calculation methods for TMB, a clear consensus has not yet emerged. In this study, we explored TMB calculation approaches with a 586-gene cancer panel (1.75 Mb) benchmarked to TMB measured by whole-exome sequencing (WES), using 30 samples across a range of tumour types. We explored variant allelic fraction (VAF) cut-offs of 5% and 10%, population database filtering at 0.001, 0.0001 and 0.000025, as well as different combinations of synonymous, insertion/deletion and intronic (splice site) variants, as well as exclusion of hotspot mutations, and examined the effect on TMB correlation. Good correlation (Spearman, range 0.66–0.78) between WES and panel TMB was seen across all methods evaluated. Each method of TMB calculation evaluated showed good positive per cent agreement and negative per cent agreement using 10 mutations/Mb as a cut-off, suggesting that multiple TMB calculation approaches may yield comparable results.
Lorentz-breaking theory and tunneling radiation correction to Vaidya–Bonner de Sitter Black Hole
Authors: Sha Bei , Liu Zhi-E.
Published: July 2022

In Vaidya–Bonner de Sitter black hole space-time, the tunneling radiation characteristics of fermions and bosons are corrected by taking Lorentz symmetry breaking theory into account. The corresponding gamma matrices and aether-like field vectors of the black hole are constructed, then the new modified form of Dirac equation for the fermion with spin 1/2 and the new modified form of Klein–Gordon equation for boson in the curved space-time of the black hole are obtained. Through solving the two equations, new and corrected expressions of surface gravity, Hawking temperature and tunneling rate of the black hole are obtained, and the results obtained are also discussed.
Isolated Rupture in Composite Networks
Authors: Yildirim Halil İbrahim , Berberler Zeynep Nihan
Published: July 2022

Computer networks are prone to targeted attacks and random failures. Robustness is a measure of an ability of a network to continue functioning when part of the network is either naturally damaged or targeted for attack. The study of network robustness is a critical tool in the characterization and understanding of complex interconnected systems. There are several proposed graph metrics that predicates network resilience against such attacks. Isolated rupture degree is a novel graph-theoretic concept defined as a measure of network vulnerability. Isolated rupture degree is argued as an appropriate measure for modelling the robustness of network topologies in the face of possible node destruction. In this paper, the relationships between isolated rupture degree and some other graph parameters such as connectivity, covering number, minimum vertex degree are established. The isolated rupture degrees of [Formula: see text]-free graphs, middle graphs, corona graphs of a middle graph and a complete graph [Formula: see text] on two vertices are evaluated, then compared and the more stable graph types are reported. A sharp upper bound for the isolated rupture degree of middle graphs is established.
Sufficient Optimality Conditions for a Robust Multiobjective Problem
Authors: Gadhi Nazih Abderrazzak , Ohda Mohamed
Published: July 2022

In this note, we establish sufficient optimality conditions in terms of upper convexificators for a robust multiobjective optimization problem (UCP) involving nonsmooth/nonconvex real-valued functions. For this purpose, two kinds of generalized convex functions are defined in terms of upper convexificators.
Comparative investigation of Copper, Silver and Ferric Oxide in binary reactive flow with activation energy and heat source/sink
Authors: Guedri Kamel , Waqas M. , Khan M. Ijaz , Al-Basyouni Khalil , Haider Muhammad Afaq , Ahmed M. Waqar
Published: July 2022

This research paper shows the insight into the study of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) reactive nanomaterial flow of Newtonian fluid with Silver (Ag), Ferric Oxide (Fe3O4) and Copper (Cu) towards a stretchable surface. The flow is generated subject to stretchable surface with porosity effect. Mixed convection, which is a combination of both free and forced convections, is accounted. The heat source/sink, chemical reaction, Joule heating and activation energy effects are considered in the development of energy and concentration equations. The system of considered problem is solved numerically via shooting method (boundary value problem fourth convergence (bvp4c)) and outcomes are sketched graphically. The engineering impact i.e., skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number is discussed via different parameters and results are displayed in tabular form. The important and main points are listed in the final remarks of the paper. The used nanoparticles have numerous applications in medical industry, applications in sustainability of natural resources and applied mathematics and physics. Also, these nanoparticles can be utilized in engineering sciences, biophysics, high-temperature and cooling process, space technology, biosensors, medicines, cosmetics, paints, medical devices and conductive coatings.
Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic properties of rare-earth ibuprofen-phenanthroline complexes
Authors: Wang Wei E , Lang Yan , Gao Zhi Yang , Lv Kui Lin , Lv Yu Guang
Published: July 2022

In this experiment, europium(III)-ibuprofen-phenanthroline complexes, dysprosium(III)-ibuprofen-phenanthroline complexes and terbium(III)-ibuprofen-phenanthroline complexes were prepared separately, established a ternary solid complex system, performed a series of characterization of the system, and studied the application of the rare-earth-ibuprofen-phenanthroline complex system. In the experiment, the three ternary complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared analysis, ultraviolet analysis, fluorescence analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, etc., and the chemical composition of the complexes was determined, and the data and spectra obtained were analyzed. The rare-earth ternary complex was successfully prepared by a simple and feasible method. The analysis results found that the characteristics and performance of the ternary complex were enhanced, and its physical and chemical properties were explored. The successful preparation of rare earth-ibuprofen-phenanthroline ternary complexes provides a certain scientific basis and reference for the study of determining the content of ibuprofen (IBU) in vitro, and also provides a new method for the synthesis of rare-earth ternary complexes. The reason why rare-earth materials can be used as catalysts is determined by their own photoelectric characteristics. In this paper, through the experimental test of catalytic performance of IBU and different rare-earth complexes, it is found that Tb complex has the best catalytic performance, and the degradation rate of phenol can reach 64.8% in 6 h.
The Gardner Problem and Cycle Slipping Bifurcation for Type-2 Phase-Locked Loops
Authors: Kuznetsov Nikolay V. , Arseniev Dmitry G. , Blagov Mikhail V. , Lobachev Mikhail Y. , Wei Zhouchao , Yuldashev Marat V. , Yuldashev Renat V.
Published: July 2022

In the present work, a second-order type-2 phase-locked loop (PLL) with a piecewise-linear phase detector characteristic is analyzed. An exact solution to the Gardner problem on the lock-in range is obtained for the considered model. The solution is based on a study of cycle slipping bifurcation, which improves the well-known engineering estimates.
Hyper Chua’s Circuit and Its Complex Dynamics
Authors: Bucolo Maide , Buscarino Arturo , Fortuna Luigi , Branciforte Marco
Published: July 2022

In this paper, the concept of hypersystems and the particular properties related to this class of systems will be introduced, presenting the dynamics of hyper Chua’s circuit. This paper shows that higher-dimensional nonlinear systems can be generated starting from the classic Chua’s circuit as a gene, whose peculiarities being inherited, including complex dynamics and synchronization properties. An hardware implementation, based on high-performance low-cost microcontrollers, is also outlined showing that the hyper Chua circuit, and in general, hypersystems, are appropriate for practical applications.
A FINGERPRINT REMOVAL METHOD BASED ON FRACTAL–CRIMINISI TECHNOLOGY
Authors: LI ZUN , CHEN AIMIN , MIAO TONGJUN
Published: July 2022

Against the circumstance of redundant fingerprint information remaining in photographed images due to lens contamination, a fingerprint removal method is proposed by combining fractal technology and the Criminisi method. Fingerprints on an image are usually distributed in a dispersive pattern, and show statistical fractal characteristic. Therefore, based on the Criminisi method, the textural complexity of image pixel blocks expressed by box-counting fractal dimension is introduced into this method as a parameter of pixel block size and subitem of the data item with priority. On the one hand, this way of operation can select the size of the pixel blocks to be removed adaptive to the box fractal dimension; on the other hand, the box fractal dimension, as the subitem of the data item with priority, can avoid the effect of particular value and improve the reliability and stability of priority. The experimental results show that the proposed method can satisfactorily perform the fingerprint removal task and fill the information.
Deep Ensemble Model for Spam Classification in Twitter via Sentiment Extraction: Bio-Inspiration-Based Classification Model
Authors: Ainapure Bharati S. , Boopathi Mythili , Sekhar Kolli Chandra , Jackulin C.
Published: July 2022

Twitter Spam has turned out to be a significant predicament of these days. Current works concern on exploiting the machine learning models to detect the spams in Twitter by determining the statistic features of the tweets. Even though these models result in better success, it is hard to sustain the performances attained by the supervised approaches. This paper intends to introduce a deep learning-assisted spam classification model on twitter. This classification is based on sentiments and topics modeled in it. The initial step is data collection. Subsequently, the collected data are preprocessed with “stop word removal, stemming and tokenization”. The next step is feature extraction, wherein, the post tagging, headwords, rule-based lexicon, word length, and weighted holoentropy features are extracted. Then, the proposed sentiment score extraction is carried out to analyze their variations in nonspam and spam information. At last, the diffusions of spam data on Twitter are classified into spam and nonspams. For this, an Optimized Deep Ensemble technique is introduced that encloses “neural network (NN), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and convolutional neural network (DNN)”. Particularly, the weights of DNN are optimally tuned by an arithmetic crossover-based cat swarm optimization (AC-CS) model. At last, the supremacy of the developed approach is examined via evaluation over extant techniques. Accordingly, the proposed AC-CS [Formula: see text] ensemble model attained better accuracy value when the learning percentage is 80, which is 18.1%, 14.89%, 11.7%, 12.77%, 10.64%, 6.38%, 6.38%, and 6.38% higher than SVM, DNN, RNN, DBN, MFO [Formula: see text] ensemble model, WOA [Formula: see text] ensemble model, EHO [Formula: see text] ensemble model and CSO [Formula: see text] ensemble model models.
Multi-Attribute Decision-Making for Intrusion Detection Systems: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alamleh Amneh , Albahri O. S. , Zaidan A. A. , Alamoodi A. H. , Albahri A. S. , Zaidan B. B. , Qahtan Sarah , binti Ismail Amelia Ritahani , Malik R. Q. , Baqer M. J. , Jasim Ali Najm , Al-Samarraay Mohammed S.
Published: July 2022

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) employ sophisticated security techniques to detect malicious activities on hosts and/or networks. IDSs have been utilized to ensure the security of computer and network systems. However, numerous evaluation and selection issues related to several cybersecurity aspects of IDSs were solved using a decision support approach. The approach most often utilized for decision support in this regard is multi-attribute decision-making (MADM). MADM can aid in selecting the most optimal solution from a huge pool of available alternatives when the appropriate evaluation attributes are provided. The openness of the MADM methods in solving numerous cybersecurity issues makes it largely efficient for IDS applications. We must first understand the available solutions and gaps in this area of research to provide an insightful analysis of the combination of MADM techniques with IDS and support researchers. Therefore, this study conducts a systematic review to organize the research landscape into a consistent taxonomy. A total of 28 articles were considered for this taxonomy and were classified into three main categories: data analysis and detection ([Formula: see text]), response selection ([Formula: see text]) and IDS evaluation ([Formula: see text]). Each category was thoroughly analyzed in terms of a variety of aspects, including the issues and challenges confronted, as well as the contributions of each study. Furthermore, the datasets, evaluation attributes, MADM methods, evaluation and validation and bibliography analysis used by the selected articles are discussed. In this study, we highlighted the existing perspective and opportunities for MADM in the IDS literature through a systematic review, providing researchers with a valuable reference.
Bifurcation analysis and optimal control of an epidemic model with limited number of hospital beds
Authors: Misra A. K. , Maurya Jyoti
Published: July 2022

This paper deals with a three-dimensional nonlinear mathematical model to analyze an epidemic’s future course when the public healthcare facilities, specifically the number of hospital beds, are limited. The feasibility and stability of the obtained equilibria are analyzed, and the basic reproduction number ([Formula: see text]) is obtained. We show that the system exhibits transcritical bifurcation. To show the existence of Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation, we have derived the normal form. We have also discussed a generalized Hopf (or Bautin) bifurcation at which the first Lyapunov coefficient evanescences. To show the existence of saddle-node bifurcation, we used Sotomayor’s theorem. Furthermore, we have identified an optimal layout of hospital beds in order to control the disease with minimum possible expenditure. An optimal control setting is studied analytically using optimal control theory, and numerical simulations of the optimal regimen are presented as well.
Maturity Model for Innovation Project Management in Industrial Enterprises: A Case Study of the Aerospace Sector in Brazil
Authors: Honorato Cezar , de Melo Francisco Cristóvão
Published: July 2022

Enterprises around the world face significant challenges in an increasingly competitive and global economy. Given this scenario companies’ survival depends on their ability to stay ahead in their markets and innovation is considered a pressing need, the key resource for achieving sustainable competitive advantage. Innovations, product and technology development, are transformed into reality through projects and are affected by the management model and the practice adopted in order to be decisive and support the achievement of the organization’s goals. In this way, this paper proposed a conceptual maturity model which was developed for innovation project management through qualitative approach, interviews; and then, through quantitative research involving 162 specialists and project managers who work with innovations from many sectors subsequently, the concept’s applicability was evaluated in the real environment of aerospace enterprises in the Brazilian ecosystem.
Construction of Cross-Border e-Commerce Financial Risk Analysis System Based on Support Vector Machine
Authors: Wang Lei , Gao Xuezheng
Published: July 2022

The rapid changes in the economic situation and the complex market environment make the cross-border e-commerce industry, as an important part of the market economy, face many challenges and risks in the development process. The particularity of its transaction and the imperfect tax mechanism have virtually increased the financial management risk. The research constructs the financial risk analysis model with the help of the support vector machine (SVM) and fuzzy theory. Through algorithm test and empirical research, it is found that the average accuracy of the optimized SVM on the selected data set is more than 90%, and after parameter optimization, the change of model fitness tends to be stable with the increase of iteration times, which greatly improves the search ability of sample data, and the accuracy of financial data classification with high risk is 46.8%. In the empirical research, the model established by fuzzy SVM can effectively eliminate the irrelevant index data, and the prediction accuracy of investment risk and operation risk has reached 80% or more. In the prediction of financing risk and tax risk, its accuracy has been improved by 12.4% compared to that before use.
The Development of Professional Identity among Counsellors in Tertiary Educational Institutions in Singapore
Authors: Hsi Timothy , Boman Peter
Published: July 2022

Though counselling as a field has been in existence in Singapore for the last 30 years, many individuals (both members of the public and those of other professions) still do not have a clear idea of the roles played by counsellors. This indicates that counsellors’ professional identity is still fairly weak. The purpose of this study was to identify elements of practice which in-fluence the development of professional identity amongst counsellors working in tertiary educational institutions in Singapore. Using grounded theory as the main methodology, the findings from this study seek to extend the growing literature base (Chong & Ow, 2004; Low, 2015; Yeo & Lee, 2014) on the professional development of counsellors in Singapore as well as to potentially be used as the foundation for further research into future efforts to improve professional identities of counsellors in Singapore.
Dual Projective Zero-Shot Learning Using Text Descriptions
Authors: Rao Yunbo , Yang Ziqiang , Zeng Shaoning , Wang Qifeng , Pu Jiansu
Published: July 2022

Zero-shot learning (ZSL) aims to recognize image instances of unseen classes solely based on the semantic descriptions of the unseen classes. In this field, Generalized Zero-Shot Learning (GZSL) is a challenging problem in which the images of both seen and unseen classes are mixed in the testing phase of learning. Existing methods formulate GZSL as a semantic-visual correspondence problem and apply generative models such as Generative Adversarial Networks and Variational Autoencoders to solve the problem. However, these methods suffer from the bias problem since the images of unseen classes are often misclassified into seen classes. In this work, a novel model named the Dual Projective model for Zero-Shot Learning (DPZSL) is proposed using text descriptions. In order to alleviate the bias problem, we leverage two autoencoders to project the visual and semantic features into a latent space and evaluate the embeddings by a visual-semantic correspondence loss function. An additional novel classifier is also introduced to ensure the discriminability of the embedded features. Our method focuses on a more challenging inductive ZSL setting in which only the labeled data from seen classes are used in the training phase. The experimental results, obtained from two popular datasets—Caltech-UCSD Birds-200-2011 (CUB) and North America Birds (NAB)—show that the proposed DPZSL model significantly outperforms both the inductive ZSL and GZSL settings. Particularly in the GZSL setting, our model yields an improvement up to 15.2% in comparison with state-of-the-art CANZSL on datasets CUB and NAB with two splittings.
Quality Assessment Criteria and Methods for 3D Digital Replica of Historical Printing Woodblocks
Authors: Ngo Duyen Thi , Ta Cuong Viet , Ma Chau Thi , Nguyen Hoa Minh , Nguyen Hung Xuan , Le Ha Thanh
Published: July 2022

With the available 3D scanning technologies and the special historical characteristics of printing woodblocks, it is necessary to have concrete methods to assess the visual quality of 3D digital replica for preservation and promotion purposes. In this paper, we present our study for assessing the visual quality of 3D digital replica of historical printing woodblocks. In our study, first, assessment criteria are formed to meet the preservation requirements by consulting with printing woodblock conservationists and assessment methods are developed to assess the quality of 3D digital woodblock replica regarding those criteria. Then, a suitable 3D scanning method is applied to a typical set of printing woodblocks to obtain their 3D digital replicas which are used to evaluate the proposed assessment methods. The experimental results reveal that our proposed assessment criteria and methods can be used to evaluate visual quality of 3D digital woodblock replicas regarding the requirements of preservation and promotion of woodblocks.
Exploiting Manifold Feature Representation for Efficient Classification of 3D Point Clouds
Authors: Yang Dinghao , Gao Wei , Li Ge , Yuan Hui , Hou Junhui , Kwong Sam
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we propose an efficient point cloud classification method via manifold learning based feature representation. Different from conventional methods, we use manifold learning algorithms to embed point cloud features for better considering the geometric continuity on the surface. Then, the nature of point cloud can be acquired in low dimensional space, and after being concatenated with features in the original three-dimensional (3D) space, both the capability of feature representation and the classification network performance can be improved. We explore three traditional manifold algorithms (i.e., Isomap, Locally-Linear Embedding, and Laplacian eigenmaps) in detail, and finally, we select the
Locally-Linear Embedding (LLE)
algorithm due to its low complexity and locality consistency preservation. Furthermore, we propose a
neural network based manifold learning (NNML)
method to implement manifold learning based non-linear projection. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed two manifold learning methods can obtain better performances than the state-of-the-art methods, and the obtained
mean class accuracy (mA)
and
overall accuracy (oA)
can reach 91.4% and 94.4%, respectively. Moreover, because of the improved feature learning capability, the proposed NNML method can also have better classification accuracy on models with prominent geometric shapes. To further demonstrate the advantages of PointManifold, we extend it as a plug and play method for point cloud classification task, which can be directly used with existing methods and gain a significant improvement.
From Lustre to Graphical Models and SCCharts
Authors: Grimm Lena , Smyth Steven , Schulz-Rosengarten Alexander , von Hanxleden Reinhard , Pouzet Marc
Published: July 2022

We introduce a systematic approach for automatically creating a visual diagram, akin to the graphical Safety Critical Application Development Environment (SCADE) model, from a Lustre program. This not only saves tedious manual drawing effort but also enables modeling software to automatically provide the developer with different meaningful views for the same program. We also extend the Sequentially Constructive Charts (SCCharts) language with data-flow constructs that adhere to the Lustre semantics, which permits a translation from Lustre to graphical SCCharts. This allows using the SCCharts code generation, simulation, and visualization tooling also for Lustre programs, in addition to the already existing Lustre compilation techniques. Furthermore, we investigate how the sequentially constructive model of computation, used in SCCharts and other synchronous languages, can be used to conservatively extend Lustre. We have implemented and validated this work with the Eclipse-based open-source Kiel Integrated Environment for Layout Eclipse Rich Client (KIELER) framework.
The Social Technology and Research (STAR) Lab in the University of Hong Kong
Authors: Cheng Reynold , Ma Chenhao , Li Xiaodong , Fang Yixiang , Liu Ye , Wong Victor Y.L. , Lee Esther , Lam Tai Hing , Ho Sai Yin , Wang Man Ping , Gong Weijie , Ning Wentao , Kao Ben
Published: July 2022

The main goal of the Social Technology and Research Laboratory (STAR Lab) in the University of Hong Kong (https://star.hku.hk) is to develop novel IT technologies for serving the society. Our team has more than three years of experience in project development, web, app, and game design, photography, and video production. We are interested in?Data Science for Social Good", researching data-driven approaches that can benefit the public, NGOs, and the government.
The Village Money Market Revealed: Financial Access and Credit Chain Links Between Formal and Informal Sectors
Authors: Sripakdeevong Parit , Townsend Robert M.
Published: July 2022

An all-or-nothing view of financial access leading to overly simplistic policy recommendations has been largely overturned in the data. Heterogeneity and explicit obstacles to trade are key aspects that need to be incorporated into models when looking at intermediate outcomes in the data. Networks in particular can amplify or work against policy interventions and do so in different directions for different groups at the same time. Work on village money markets allows us to better understand how these networks function, and how and why they can change with policy interventions. Nevertheless, though village economies are as sophisticated as those in New York financial markets, both suffer from familiar problems. One is reliance on relationships that segment markets and limit more universal benefits. A second problem is market contagion. Policy interventions facilitating financial access and the functioning of markets need to be guided by this stricter yet more realistic view.
Hepcidin and Iron in Health and Disease
Authors: Nemeth Elizabeta , Ganz Tomas
Published: July 2022

Hepcidin, the iron-regulatory hormone, determines plasma iron concentrations and total body iron content. Hepcidin, secreted by hepatocytes, functions by controlling the activity of the cellular iron exporter ferroportin, which delivers iron to plasma from intestinal iron absorption and from iron stores. Hepcidin concentration in plasma is increased by iron loading and inflammation and is suppressed by erythropoietic stimulation and during pregnancy. Hepcidin deficiency causes iron overload in hemochromatosis and anemias with ineffective erythropoiesis. Hepcidin excess causes iron-restrictive anemias including anemia of inflammation. The development of hepcidin diagnostics and therapeutic agonists and antagonists should improve the treatment of iron disorders.
Cephalosporin as Potent Urease and Tyrosinase Inhibitor: Exploration through Enzyme Inhibition, Kinetic Mechanism, and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Alqahtani Yahya S. , Alyami Bandar A. , Alqarni Ali O. , Mahnashi Mater H. , Ali Anser , Javed Qamar , Hassan Mubashir , Ehsan Muhammad
Published: July 2022

In present study, eleven cephalosporin drugs were selected to explore their new medically important enzyme targets with inherited safety advantage. To this end, selected drugs with active ingredient, cefpodoxime proxetil, ceftazidime, cefepime, ceftriaxone sodium, cefaclor, cefotaxime sodium, cefixime trihydrate, cephalexin, cefadroxil, cephradine, and cefuroxime, were evaluated and found to have significant activity against urease (IC50 = 0.06 ± 0.004 to 0.37 ± 0.046 mM) and tyrosinase (IC50 = 0.01 ± 0.0005 to 0.12 ± 0.017 mM) enzymes. Urease activity was lower than standard thiourea; however, tyrosinase activity of all drugs outperforms (ranging 6 to 18 times) the positive control: hydroquinone (IC50 = 0.18 ± 0.02 mM). Moreover, the kinetic analysis of the most active drugs, ceftriaxone sodium and cefotaxime sodium, revealed that they bind irreversibly with both the enzymes; however, their mode of action was competitive for urease and mixed‐type, preferentially competitive for tyrosinase enzyme. Like in vitro activity, ceftriaxone sodium and cefotaxime sodium docking analysis showed their considerable binding affinity and significant interactions with both urease and tyrosinase enzymes sufficient for downstream signaling responsible for observed enzyme inhibition in vitro, purposing them as potent candidates to control enzyme‐rooted obstructions in future.
Application of Big Data Mining Technology in the Digital Construction of Vocal Music Teaching Resource Library
Authors: Ding Jun
Published: July 2022

In recent years, vocal music is becoming more and more important to daily life, which can cultivate emotion and adjust pressure, but at present, vocal music teaching is faced with an increasingly serious shortage of teacher resources. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a vocal music teaching system using the computer-aided teaching function. First, the algorithm flow of the system is designed in detail according to the principle of computer neural network technology, the performance characteristics of vocal music are extracted by using Fourier transform and its improved function, and the key modules of the system are designed according to the system frame structure and data processing flow and gave the key design code. Finally, taking piano performance as an example, players with different steel bar grades were selected to test the accuracy of the system evaluation. The test results show that the system can reflect the real level of the performers, which is beneficial to vocal music teaching. The improvement of the vocal music teaching system is of great practical significance to adjust the traditional music teaching mode and make the education system more reasonable.