bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect Analysis of Carrier Gas Flow Rate on the Rapid Gas Chromatographic Separation System
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhang Sixiang , Zhou Wei , Qi Yang
Published: November 2020

Odor pollution did not only disturb the human normal life but also aroused the attention of environmental researchers and environmental protection departments. Therefore, the research on odor detecting method and instrument is important to theory and application. On this basis, the self-developed microfluidic chip capillary column is used in our odor detecting system. In this paper, lead the chip column into the chromatography separation system, with its small size, high efficiency, easy integration, and other characteristics to replace the original traditional column. The chip column was used in many gas experiments for several typical VOCs. At different carrier gas flow rates, the baseline value, toluene response, and toluene and methyl sulfide mixed gas separation were compared to verify the experiment to determine the optimal carrier gas flow rate in accordance with its response and separation degree. Under the premise of ensuring column efficiency as high as possible, it is determined that the optimal carrier gas flow rate is 6 ml/min. This paper shows the most proper carrier gas flow rate of our odor detecting system with the self-developed microfluidic chip capillary column.
Mathematical Modelling of the Sterile Insect Technique Using Different Release Strategies
Authors: Ben Dhahbi Anis , Chargui Yassine , Boulaaras Salah Mahmoud , Ben Khalifa Sana , Koko Waleed , Alresheedi Faisal
Published: November 2020

We study simple mathematical models for the dynamics of interactive wild and sterile insect populations. As well as being mathematically tractable, these models can be used as first approximations to real situations occurring with the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) in which sterile males are released to reduce or eradicate a pest population. This is a method of biological control which can effectively help contain the spread of many pest insects such as the Red Palm Weevil (RPW). Models formulated in this paper are continuous-time, include a strong Allee effect that captures extinction events, and incorporate different strategies of releasing sterile insects. We perform basic studies of dynamical features of these models, with an emphasis on the condition of excitation, and the impact of the different release methods is investigated. Our findings are also demonstrated with some numerical examples.
Genome‐Wide Characterization of OFP Family Genes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Reveals That TaOPF29a-A Promotes Drought Tolerance
Authors: Wang Dezhou , Cao Zhichen , Wang Weiwei , Zhu Wengen , Hao Xiaocong , Fang Zhaofeng , Liu Shan , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhao Changping , Tang Yimiao
Published: November 2020

OVATE family proteins (OFPs) are plant‐specific transcription factors that play important roles in plant development. Although common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major staple food worldwide, OFPs have not been systematically analyzed in this important crop. Here, we performed a genome‐wide survey of OFP genes in wheat and identified 100 genes belonging to 34 homoeologous groups. Arabidopsis thaliana, rice (Oryza sativa), and wheat OFP genes were divided into four subgroups based on their phylogenetic relationships. Structural analysis indicated that only four TaOFPs contain introns. We mapped the TaOFP genes onto the wheat chromosomes and determined that TaOFP17 was duplicated in this crop. A survey of cis‐acting elements along the promoter regions of TaOFP genes suggested that subfunctionalization of homoeologous genes might have occurred during evolution. The TaOFPs were highly expressed in wheat, with tissue‐ or organ‐specific expression patterns. In addition, these genes were induced by various hormone and stress treatments. For instance, TaOPF29a-A was highly expressed in roots in response to drought stress. Wheat plants overexpressing TaOPF29a-A had longer roots and higher dry weights than nontransgenic plants under drought conditions, suggesting that this gene improves drought tolerance. Our findings provide a starting point for further functional analysis of this important transcription factor family and highlight the potential of using TaOPF29a-A to genetically engineer drought‐tolerant crops.
Procedural Fairness Is the Foundation for Making Nonlawyer Judges Effective
Authors: Burke Kevin
Published: November 2020

This article begins by examining the origins and modern standing of nonlawyer judges. It moves on to recite criticisms levied at nonlawyer judges and the reasons that large-scale elimination of nonlawyer judges is unlikely in the near future. Finally, it concludes by offering procedural fairness training as an attainable and highly effective tool to improve the performance of nonlawyer judges.
Frailty as a Predictor of Postoperative Morbidity and Mortality Following Liver Resection
Authors: McKechnie Tyler , Bao Tyler , Fabbro Matthew , Ruo Leyo , Serrano Pablo E.
Published: November 2020

Background

Liver resection is commonly performed among patients at risk of being frail. Frailty can be used to assess perioperative risk. Thus, we evaluated frailty as a predictor of postoperative complications following liver resection using a validated modified frailty index (mFI).

Methods

A retrospective cohort of consecutive patients undergoing liver resection (2011-2018) were stratified according to the mFI and classified as the following: high (≥.27) and low mFI (<.27). The effect of mFI on postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo) was evaluated using multiple logistic regression, expressed as odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI.

Results

Of 409 patients, 58 (14%) had high mFI. There were no differences in type of liver resection (laparoscopic: 57% vs 55%, P = .766), number of segments resected (3 vs 4, P = .417), or operative time (257 vs 293 minutes, P = .097) between the high and low mFI groups, respectively. High mFI patients had a longer median length of hospital stay (9.5 vs 5 days, P < .001) and higher proportion of postoperative complications (79% vs 46%, P < .001), including minor complications (69% vs 42%, P < .001), major complications (50% vs 13%, P < .001), and 90-day postoperative mortality (12% vs 3.4%, P = .04). On multivariable analysis, longer operating time (OR 1.15, 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.27), higher number of segments resected (OR 1.43, 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.82), and high mFI (OR 6.74, 95% CI, 2.76 to 16.51) were independent predictors of major postoperative complications.

Discussion

mFI predicts postoperative outcomes following liver resection and can be used as a risk stratification tool for patients being considered for surgery.
Patient Outcomes in Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis Treated With Empiric Antibiotics
Authors: Lewcun Joseph A. , Khatun Rahima , Allen Steven , Hazelton Joshua P. , Cooper Amanda
Published: November 2020

Background

Mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) is typically associated with poor prognosis. Although prophylactic antibiotics are sometimes given with the intent of limiting bacterial luminal load and translocation in patients with MVT, this approach has not been universally adopted. The aim of this study is to analyze whether utilizing antibiotics empirically in those with MVT improves patient outcomes and survival when compared to those who do not receive empiric antibiotics.

Methods

A retrospective review of patients admitted with MVT between 2002 and 2019 at a single academic institution was performed. Demographics and rates of mortality need for bowel resection, readmission, and Clostridium difficile ( C. diff) infection were compared between patients treated with empiric antibiotics and patients not treated with antibiotics.

Results

Eighty-three patients (mean age 64.5 years and 55.4% male) who were admitted for MVT were included. Empiric antibiotics were utilized in 53% (n = 44) of MVT patients while 47% (n = 39) received supportive treatment without empiric antibiotics. Death occurred in 4 patients treated with antibiotics and 6 patients treated without antibiotics (9.1% vs. 15.3%, P = .50). Readmissions occurred in 12 patients (27.3%) treated with antibiotics and 10 patients (25.6%) not treated with antibiotics (27.3% vs. 25.6%, P = .87). C. diff infection occurred in 6 patients treated with antibiotics and in no patients not treated with antibiotics (13.6% vs. 0%, P = .03).

Conclusions

Empiric antibiotic usage may not improve rates of mortality or hospital readmission in patients with MVT and may unnecessarily expose patients to an increased risk of C. diff infection.
Clinical Utility of Bile Duct Axis Deviation for Differential Diagnosis Between Pancreatic Head Cancer and Bile Duct Cancer
Authors: Shirakawa Toru , Tomimaru Yoshito , Hayashi Shiro , Noguchi Kozo , Nishida Tsutomu , Dono Keizo
Published: November 2020

Backgrounds

Differential diagnosis between pancreatic head cancer (PHC) and intrapancreatic bile duct cancer (BDC) is important, but no clinical standard has been established. Here we examine the diagnostic utility of bile duct axis deviation and other clinical factors for this differential diagnosis.

Methods

This study enrolled patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for PHC or BDC at our center between 2009 and 2016. PHCs in groove or uncinate portions were excluded from analysis. From contrast-enhanced computed tomography images, the bile duct angle (BDA) was measured using three points: the junction of intrahepatic bile ducts, upper pancreatic edge, and Vater papilla. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of BDA and other clinical factors for differential diagnosis.

Results

During the study period, 22 PHCs and 31 BDCs were resected. The combination of BDA ≤ 130°, main pancreatic duct diameter ≥ 4.3 mm, and absence of jaundice predicted PHC rather than BDC with an area under the curve of the receiver-operator characteristics curve of .856 (95% confidence interval, .766-.947).

Conclusion

Clinical findings of larger bile duct axis deviation, main pancreatic duct dilation, and the absence of jaundice may be useful for distinguishing PHC from BDC.
Surgical, Interventional, and Medical Palliation of Portal Hypertension
Authors: Lin Joseph A. , Gardner James M. , Kolli Kanti. Pallav , Cook Allyson C.
Published: November 2020

Seriously ill surgical patients require complex and integrated surgical, interventional, and medical management to balance the risks and benefits that complicate decision-making. Palliative care principles can aid surgeons in these cases. To illustrate this, we describe a scenario of a patient with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus causing portal hypertension. We discuss options for managing the sequelae of portal hypertension, including varices and ascites. We explore the interventional and surgical options for mitigating or palliating the underlying portal hypertension. Advances in interventional radiological techniques can facilitate the creation of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPSs), even with extensive portal vein thrombus. If interventional approaches are not possible, surgical shunts can be considered but carry significant risks that must be weighed against the benefits. To communicate effectively, we outline key steps to breaking bad news. To make shared decisions in challenging cases, we describe how to elicit a patient’s hopes, expectations, concerns, and preferences; how to synthesize goals of care from these stated values; and how to use those goals to guide decision-making.
Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on the Emergency Presentation of Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Kumaira Fonseca Mariana , Trindade Eduardo N. , Costa Filho Omero P. , Nácul Miguel P. , Seabra Artur P.
Published: November 2020

Background

The global crisis resulting from the coronavirus pandemic has imposed a large burden on health systems worldwide. Nonetheless, acute abdominal surgical emergencies are major causes for nontrauma-related hospital admissions and their incidences were expected to remain unchanged. Surprisingly, a significant decrease in volume and a higher proportion of complicated cases are being observed worldwide.

Methods

The present study assesses the local impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the emergency presentation of acute appendicitis in a Brazilian hospital. A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients undergoing emergency surgery for the clinically suspected diagnosis of acute appendicitis during the 2-month period of March and April 2020 and the same time interval in the previous year. Data on demographics, timing of symptom onset and hospital presentation, intraoperative details, postoperative complications, hospital length of stay, and histological examination of the specimen were retrieved from individual registries.

Results

The number of appendectomies during the pandemic was 36, which represents a 56% reduction compared to the 82 patients operated during the same period in 2019. The average time of symptom onset to hospital arrival was significantly higher in 2020 (40.6 vs. 28.2 hours, P = .02). The classification of appendicitis revealed a significant higher proportion of complicated cases than the previous year (33.3% vs. 15.2%, P = .04). The rate of postoperative complications and the average length of stay were not statistically different between the groups.

Conclusion

Further assessment of patients’ concerns and systematic monitoring of emergency presentations are expected to help us understand and adequately address this issue.
Cartilage Sparing Septal Perforation Repair using Rotation Flaps and a Collagen Interposition Graft: A Case Series
Authors: Hunter Benjamin G.
Published: November 2020

Objective:

Septal Perforations may be asymptomatic or can cause significant problems including nasal obstruction, crusting, bleeding, whistling and in severe cases a change in nasal shape and even pain.

Method:

The author would like to present a single surgeon case series of septal perforation repairs, managed using an endo-nasal technique, with no external scars. There were 54 consecutive cases between 2011 and 2017. The repair was carried out using mucosal rotation flaps with an interposition graft of porcine collagen matrix. Patients were grouped according to the size of the perforation as measured at the time of the surgery. The patients were then clinically followed up for 1 year, and the recorded outcome measures were: the success of the surgical repair and the patient reported symptoms.

Results:

Surgical success was 70% up to 1 cm diameter, 77% from 1 to 2 cm and 82% in perforations from 2 to 3 cm in diameter. No perforation over 3 cm in diameter was successfully closed. Patients were rendered asymptomatic even if the perforation was not closed in between 81% and 91% of patients up to perforations 3 cm in size. Over 3 cm in size 50% of patients reported being asymptomatic.

Conclusions:

This technique is an effective and low morbidity option for patients with small to medium sized septal perforations. For perforations over 3 cm in diameter other options may be more suitable.
Combination Surgical Procedure for Fourth Branchial Anomalies: Operative Technique and Outcomes
Authors: Maksimoski Matthew , Maurrasse Sarah E. , Purkey Matthew , Maddalozzo John
Published: November 2020

Objective:

Branchial apparatus anomalies of the fourth cleft are the rarest subtype of anomaly and occasionally present with suppurative thyroiditis or thyroid abscess due to their relationship with the thyroid gland. Surgical approaches vary and some surgeons favor cauterization of associated pyriform sinus tracts alone versus complete surgical excision. Currently, the literature is scarce and there is limited data on surgical outcomes and procedural steps. Here we describe a combination surgical technique for fourth branchial anomalies including: (1) surgical excision of the cyst and any external pit, (2) hemithyroidectomy, and (3) direct laryngoscopy with cauterization of pyriform apex tract, if present.

Methods:

A retrospective review was performed on all patients who underwent surgical excision of fourth branchial apparatus lesions (including fistulae, cysts, and sinus tracts) at an urban pediatric university hospital from 2000 to 2019. Data regarding demographics, medical history, surgical methods, complications, and surgical cure rates were collected.

Results:

A total of 16 patients (9 female, 7 male) underwent a combination surgical procedure for fourth branchial apparatus lesions. Success rate after primary surgery was 94%. One patient had residual disease requiring re-operation. Two patients had post-operative complications: 1 transient vocal fold paresis and 1 seroma, both managed conservatively. A consensus surgical algorithm was created based on operative steps present in the majority of cases.

Conclusion:

A combination approach to fourth branchial apparatus lesions—including endoscopic cauterization, external excision, and hemithyroidectomy—is safe and provides a high rate of primary cure. Although less invasive options exist, remnants of the branchial lesion, especially in the thyroid, may remain and cause recurrent issues. Therefore, we advocate for complete surgical excision of this rare developmental anomaly, especially when obvious thyroid involvement exists.
The association between Twitter content and suicide
Authors: Sinyor Mark , Williams Marissa , Zaheer Rabia , Loureiro Raisa , Pirkis Jane , Heisel Marnin J , Schaffer Ayal , Redelmeier Donald A , Cheung Amy H , Niederkrotenthaler Thomas
Published: November 2020

Objective:

A growing body of research has established that specific elements of suicide-related news reporting can be associated with increased or decreased subsequent suicide rates. This has not been systematically investigated for social media. The aim of this study was to identify associations between specific social media content and suicide deaths.

Methods:

Suicide-related tweets ( n = 787) geolocated to Toronto, Canada and originating from the highest level influencers over a 1-year period (July 2015 to June 2016) were coded for general, putatively harmful and putatively protective content. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine whether tweet characteristics were associated with increases or decreases in suicide deaths in Toronto in the 7 days after posting, compared with a 7-day control window.

Results:

Elements independently associated with increased subsequent suicide counts were tweets about the suicide of a local newspaper reporter (OR = 5.27, 95% CI = [1.27, 21.99]), ‘other’ social causes of suicide (e.g. cultural, relational, legal problems; OR = 2.39, 95% CI = [1.17, 4.86]), advocacy efforts (OR = 2.34, 95% CI = [1.48, 3.70]) and suicide death (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = [1.07, 2.15]). Elements most strongly independently associated with decreased subsequent suicides were tweets about murder suicides (OR = 0.02, 95% CI = [0.002, 0.17]) and suicide in first responders (OR = 0.17, 95% CI = [0.05, 0.52]).

Conclusions:

These findings largely comport with the theory of suicide contagion and associations observed with traditional news media. They specifically suggest that tweets describing suicide deaths and/or sensationalized news stories may be harmful while those that present suicide as undesirable, tragic and/or preventable may be helpful. These results suggest that social media is both an important exposure and potential avenue for intervention.
The effect of concomitant benzodiazepine use on neurocognition in stable, long-term patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Cañada Yolanda , Sabater Ana , Sierra Pilar , Balanzá-Martínez Vicent , Berk Michael , Dodd Seetal , Navalón Pablo , Livianos Lorenzo , García-Blanco Ana
Published: November 2020

Objective:

Neurocognitive dysfunction is a common feature of bipolar disorder even in euthymia, and psychopharmacological treatment could have an effect on cognition. Long-term prescription of benzodiazepines in bipolar disorder is a common practice, and their effect on neurocognition has not been well studied in this population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of concomitant benzodiazepine long-term use on neurocognitive function in stable euthymic bipolar disorder patients.

Methods:

Seventy-three euthymic bipolar disorder outpatients and 40 healthy individuals were assessed using a neurocognitive battery. Patients were classified in two groups according to the presence of benzodiazepines in their treatment: the benzodiazepine group ( n = 34) and the non- benzodiazepine group ( n = 39). Neurocognitive performance was compared between the groups using a multivariate analysis of covariance, considering age, number of depressive episodes, adjuvant antipsychotic drugs, Young Mania Rating Scale score and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score as covariates.

Results:

Both bipolar disorder groups (benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine) showed an impairment in memory domains (Immediate Visual Memory [ p = 0.013], Working Memory [ p < 0.001], and Letter-Number Sequence [ p < 0.001] from the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised-III) and slower processing speed functions (Stroop Colour [ p < 0.001]) relative to the control group. Nevertheless, the benzodiazepine group showed a greater impairment in executive functions (Conceptual Level Responses [ p = 0.024] from the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Frontal Assessment Battery [ p = 0.042]).

Conclusion:

Although memory and processing speed impairments were found in bipolar disorder, regardless of their benzodiazepine treatment, benzodiazepine users presented additional neurocognitive impairments in terms of executive functioning. These findings support restricted prescription of benzodiazepines in individuals with bipolar disorder.
Abjection, materiality and ontological security: A study of the unfinished Church of Christ the Saviour in Pristina
Authors: Ejdus Filip
Published: November 2020

Ontological security scholarship in International Relations (IR) has predominantly focused on the importance of social environments for the healthy sense of self. However, material environments can also provide an important source of ontological security. In my previous work I have argued that to assume this role of ‘ontic spaces’ material environments need to be discursively linked to states’ self-identity either through projection or introjection. In this article, I draw on the work of Julia Kristeva to argue that ontic spaces can also come about through abjection or the rejection of a material environment from the narrative of the self. I illustrate this theoretical point in the case study of the Serbian Orthodox Church of Christ the Saviour in Pristina. Its construction began in 1992 during the rule of Slobodan Milošević but was never finished due to the Kosovo war in 1998/9. Over the years, as all proposed changes are considered to be a threat to a healthy sense of self of either Serbs or Albanians, the building has been turned into an abjected ontic space, an ambiguous symbol undermining the self/other and victim/oppressor boundaries and as such both repels and attracts, threatens and protects.
What Peers, Educators, and Principals Say: The Social Validity of Inclusive, Comprehensive Literacy Instruction
Authors: Kozleski Elizabeth B. , Hunt Pam , Mortier Kathleen , Stepaniuk Inna , Fleming Danielle , Balasubramanian Lakshmi , Leu Grace , Munandar Vidya
Published: November 2020

This social validity study accompanied a 9-month randomized control trial that investigated the efficacy of an emergent literacy program, Early Literacy Skills Builder (ELSB), delivered in general education elementary classrooms to students with severe disabilities, including autism. The social validity research questions focused on (a) the social significance of the intervention goals; (b) the social, logistical, and cultural appropriateness of the intervention procedures; and (c) the importance of the effects of the intervention on social and academic growth and peer and adult attitudes and relationships. The findings from participating general and special educators, principals, and students explored perceptions of the benefits of ELSB for teaching and learning as well as affordances and constraints of the contexts in which ELSB was delivered. Results suggest that ELSB implementation in general education classrooms had high social validity for participants, with some mixed views on educator collaboration from teachers.
Do Mass Media Shape Stereotypes About Intellectually Gifted Individuals? Two Experiments on Stigmatization Effects From Biased Newspaper Reports
Authors: Bergold Sebastian , Hastall Matthias R. , Steinmayr Ricarda
Published: November 2020

Negative stereotypes about intellectually gifted individuals prevail among teachers and in society although empirical research has debunked them. They are also dominant in mass media representations of gifted individuals such as newspaper reports. The present study investigated whether stereotypic representations in newspaper articles contribute to the stigmatization of gifted individuals and whether nonstereotypic, evidence-based representations might help destigmatize gifted individuals. Two randomized controlled studies with N = 431 and N = 432 university students, respectively, were conducted. In both experiments, the stereotypic representation caused more negative attitudes toward gifted individuals ( d = 0.86/0.81), whereas the evidence-based representation caused more positive attitudes ( d = −0.54/−0.58), compared with a control group. Quality of previous relationships with gifted persons moderated both effects to some extent; however, both effects were quite robust against potential moderators. Results indicate that the media should be aware of their influence on recipients’ attitudes. Giftedness researchers should more actively join in the public debate to counteract stigmatization of intellectually gifted individuals.
Emotions and professional reflections in a post-war community: Teachers’ perspectives from Kosovo
Authors: Berisha Kida Edona , Butler Cathal
Published: November 2020

Background:

Teaching is more complex than dealing with the cognitive aspects of learning alone and is also influenced by affective states. Because of this, more research is needed into the role of teachers’ emotions in classroom interaction. Of special importance is research into reflective thinking and the extent to which it may be disturbed by the prior experience of trauma.

Purpose:

This study aimed to shed light on these issues by analysing reports of Kosovan teachers’ emotional arousal when speaking about and/or teaching topics related to war experiences, their beliefs about these experiences, their opinions about students’ reactions and their reports on professional reflective practices.

Methods:

Descriptive study. Data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire completed by 70 teachers.

Results:

Teachers reported strong emotions were triggered by discussion of topics linked to the war. Their beliefs influenced how they engaged with sensitive and emotionally charged topics, but they interpreted their professional behaviour using reflective and critical thinking.

Conclusion:

Both external and internal factors affect post-war teachers cognitively and emotionally. Further research is needed to identify the extent to which this impacts teachers’ ability to use critical reflection and critical emotional reflexivity in school-based practice.
Integration of the Codonics Safe Label System® and the Omnicell XT® Anesthesia Workstation into Pediatric Anesthesia Practice: Utilizing Technology to Increase Medication Labeling Compliance and Decrease Medication Discrepancies While Maintaining User Acceptability
Authors: Thomas James Joseph , Bashqoy Ferras , Brinton John T. , Guffey Patrick , Yaster Myron
Published: November 2020

Background: Perioperative medication errors are recognized as a source of patient morbidity and mortality. Medication management systems with built-in scanning and label-printing functions that integrate with medication-dispensing cabinets have the potential to decrease medication administration errors by improving compliance with medication labeling. Whether these management systems will also improve periodic automatic replacement (PAR) inventory control and be accepted by users is unknown. We hypothesized that implementation of the Codonics Safe Label System®, an automated labeling system (ALS), would increase compliance with labeling guidelines and improve PAR inventory control by decreasing medication discrepancies while maintaining user acceptability in the OR. Methods: We audited a cohort of anesthesia workstations and electronic anesthesia records for 2 months to compare dispensed and administered medications and establish a discrepancy baseline. We also observed a convenience sample of syringes to evaluate labeling compliance. Post-implementation of the ALS, we repeated the audit. Finally, an anonymous survey was distributed electronically to providers to assess user acceptability. Results: Pre-implementation the average daily medication discrepancy rate was 9.7%, decreasing to 6.1% post-implementation (χ21 = 43.9; P < .0001). Pre-implementation 330 of 696 syringes (47.4%) were either missing a label or labeling elements. After implementation, 100% of all syringes received a label with the complete required labeling information ( P < .0001). All respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the system was easy to use, accurate, met their needs, printed labels quickly, improved safety and efficiency, and was recommendable. Conclusion: The ALS significantly increased the rate of best-practice-compliant medication labeling while reducing medication inventory discrepancies. The system was highly accepted by providers.
Inpatient Antibiotic Costs Associated With Switching From Vancomycin to Daptomycin for Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy
Authors: Beardsley James , Patel Swetangini , Cook Corbin , Pierce Brandi , Johnson James , Ohl Christopher , Luther Vera
Published: November 2020

Purpose: The common practice of changing patients to daptomycin for outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) can increase inpatient daptomycin use and impact inpatient pharmacy expenses. The purpose of this study was to quantify the additional inpatient antibiotic expenditures associated with changing patients from vancomycin to daptomycin for OPAT. Methods: This study examined patients who were discharged from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019. Patients were included if they were ≥18 years old, transitioned from vancomycin to daptomycin prior to discharge, and were cared for by the Infectious Diseases OPAT program. Patients switched to daptomycin for therapeutic reasons were excluded. A cost analysis evaluating the vancomycin regimen prior to changing to daptomycin and the daptomycin doses given prior to discharge and during readmissions for the first 6 weeks after discharge was performed using Wholesale Acquisition Costs. The primary outcome was the inpatient antibiotic expense associated with changing to daptomycin for OPAT. Results: Sixty-eight patients met study criteria. The mean number of inpatient doses of daptomycin administered prior to discharge was 4.3. Twelve patients were readmitted and received a mean of 5.3 additional doses. The estimated cost difference between the inpatient daptomycin doses and equivalent vancomycin therapy was $2647 per patient. Limiting patients to only 1 pre-discharge dose of daptomycin would reduce this cost difference to $926 per patient. Conclusion: Switching from vancomycin to daptomycin for OPAT can be associated with substantial inpatient pharmacy costs. These excessive costs can be mitigated if only 1 dose of daptomycin is given before discharge.
Factors associated with homelessness referrals for an acute young adult psychiatric unit
Authors: Dymond Alexander , Branjerdporn Grace
Published: November 2020

Background:

Homelessness is correlated with significant mental illness. Homelessness is a key psychosocial issue leading to significant use of hospital resources outside medical intervention.

Aim:

This study examines the characteristics, post-discharge pathway and length of stay of individuals presenting with homelessness in an acute young adult psychiatric ward.

Method:

Prospective chart audit was conducted to assess the demographic information, acute presentation, clinical risk and length of stay for homelessness referrals to Social Work. Participants ( N = 88) were aged 18 to 25 years old and admitted to a tertiary level psychiatric ward specifically for this age group. Acute risk presentations of all psychiatric conditions, such as Schizophrenia, Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder, Bipolar Affective Disorder, Drug Induced Psychosis and Anorexia Nervosa, may be admitted to the unit. Descriptive statistics, one sample t-tests and Pearson’s correlations were completed.

Results:

No homeless patient was accommodated by local area services due to lack of availability. Change in homelessness status tended to worsen during hospitalisation, with 24% having worse accommodation upon discharge compared to 13% who improved. Length of stay was significantly longer for homeless patients compared to non-homeless patients, but not when excluding the length of time spent attempting to address homeless risk. Homeless patients presenting with an eating disorder acute presentation spent longer time in hospital, and those with psychotic acute presentations had more dynamic risk factors. Length of stay and static risk factors were positively correlated with government mental health community follow-up.

Conclusion:

Hospitalisation is not an effective intervention for homelessness and the Gold Coast Mental Health units are not resourced or linked to provide accommodation outcomes in a positive or economic manner. Future consideration should be given to health and community resources around homelessness, including health-specific housing interventions and community mental health teams incorporating homelessness risk vulnerability into their ongoing clinical risk mitigation.
Psychosocial risk factors associated with mental health of adolescents amidst the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak
Authors: Amran Muhammad Syawal
Published: November 2020

Background:

An outbreak of global pandemic COVID-19 profoundly affects life around the globe. Prolonged isolation, contact restriction and economic shutdown impose a deeply change to the psychosocial environment. These indicate a tendency to threaten the mental health of adolescents’ significantly. Detecting adolescents’ psychosocial risk during Pandemic COVID-19, particularly when they stay at home, may be helpful to better understand their mental health well- being.

Aims:

The current study aimed to explore psychosocial risk factors associated with mental health of adolescents’ in the midst of the outbreak.

Method:

This research uses a qualitative approach which focuses on focus group discussions interviews. This research took 6 weeks via online communication platform involving ( n = 15) adolescents from the Low Income Household.

Result:

The participants adolescents’ psychosocial risk experience during amidst of Outbreak Covid-19 Pandemic are composed of (1) self- conflict (develop negative thought at home, unplanned of daily activities, changing sleep pattern and irregular wake up time and massively use internet) (2) Family Members (Conflict between parent and miscommunication between siblings) (3) School (Piling up on homework, Inadequate guidance for homework and Inability to comprehend online learning). These psychosocial risk factors have caused disruption to daily life adolescents’ during outbreaks and almost inevitably trigger a spike in mental health issues.

Conclusion:

Overall of study emphasized that psychosocial risks are important factors that can be addressed in order to reduce mental health problem.
A Balance of Rigor and Relevance: Engaged Scholarship in Organizational Change
Authors: Paine Jill W. , Delmhorst Fred
Published: November 2020

Organizations face increasing demand to make meaningful, sustainable changes based on shifts in their external environments. This presents an unprecedented opportunity for insightful, useful research in the field of organizational change. As in other management science disciplines, the field suffers from a gap between research-favoring rigor and practice-favoring relevance. Through the framework of engaged scholarship—a collaborative approach to knowledge production—we present organizational change research as particularly well-positioned to utilize existing gap-related tensions to advance the field in terms of effective academic- and practice-based outcomes. We highlight empirical efforts in organizational change applied research that have contributed to theory building, method development, and practice knowledge. We include interview data collected from scholar-practitioners in the field and focus on the work of W. Warner Burke, in particular, for this special issue honoring the legacy of his rigorous and relevant contributions to the science and practice of organizational change.
The fabrication of long carbon fiber reinforced polylactic acid composites via fused deposition modelling: Experimental analysis and machine learning
Authors: Hu Chao , Hau Winson NG Joon , Chen Weiqi , Qin Qing-Hua
Published: November 2020

As a promising technology to revolutionize traditional manufacturing processes, additive manufacturing has received great attention by virtue of its cost savings, minimum material waste, and tool-less production of complex geometries. The development of fiber-reinforced composites via this technique that exhibits superior strength is thus becoming a hot spot in recent years. This paper focused on the 3 D printing of polylactic acid (PLA) composites with the incorporation of chopped long carbon fiber (CF) with an average length of 4.6 mm via FDM fabrication. By varying its loading quantity, the effect of CF contents on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of these 3 D printed composites was thoroughly investigated. The results showed that with the increase of CF contents, all assessed properties of CF/PLA composites including tensile properties, flexural properties, hardness, and thermal conductivity were effectively improved compared to the neat PLA. Their performance exhibited the same upward-downward-upward trend with the addition of CF. It can be attributed to the mutual influence generated from inter-/intra filament porosities and the high stiffness of CF. Meanwhile, a machine learning technique, Gaussian Process modeling was also introduced in this study for the property prediction of the composites. In comparison with the experimental analysis, the optimal CF content of 6.7 wt% with the best overall performance was predicted using this model, which was very close to the best experimental results at 5 wt% CF.
Comparison of progressive damage between thermoset and thermoplastic CFRP composites under in-situ tensile loading
Authors: Rao Pavan S , Hardiman Mark , O’Dowd Noel P , Sebaey Tamer A
Published: November 2020

The in-situ damage progression in three carbon fibre reinforced cross-ply composite systems under tensile loading is examined, namely, carbon IM7/epoxy, carbon IM7/PEEK and carbon AS4/polyamide. Epoxy is a thermoset polymer while polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and polyamide are thermoplastic. The thermoset composite is manufactured in an autoclave using matrix pre-impregnated with unidirectional carbon fibres, while the thermoplastic composites are manufactured using laser-assisted automated tape placement (LATP). A tensile microtester is mounted in a scanning electron microscope to observe the damage mechanisms in-situ under tensile loading. X-ray computed tomography scans are also carried out to examine porosity in the material systems. IM7/epoxy and IM7/PEEK displayed similar damage mechanisms: transverse cracking in 90° plies followed by fibre breakage in the 0° plies at the fillets and interlaminar fracture. AS4/polyamide displayed a different mechanism with fibre fracture appearing first in the 0° plies, followed by transverse cracking and interlaminar fracture. The effect of autoclave treatment on the materials manufactured by LATP has also been examined.
Med23 Regulates Sox9 Expression during Craniofacial Development
Authors: Dash S. , Bhatt S. , Falcon K.T. , Sandell L.L. , Trainor P.A.
Published: November 2020

The etiology and pathogenesis of craniofacial birth defects are multifactorial and include both genetic and environmental factors. Despite the identification of numerous genes associated with congenital craniofacial anomalies, our understanding of their etiology remains incomplete, and many affected individuals have an unknown genetic diagnosis. Here, we show that conditional loss of a Mediator complex subunit protein, Med23 in mouse neural crest cells ( Med23 fx/fx; Wnt1-Cre), results in micrognathia, glossoptosis, and cleft palate, mimicking the phenotype of Pierre Robin sequence. Sox9 messenger RNA and protein levels are both upregulated in neural crest cell–derived mesenchyme surrounding Meckel’s cartilage and in the palatal shelves in Med23 fx/fx; Wnt1-Cre mutant embryos compared to controls. Consistent with these observations, we demonstrate that Med23 binds to the promoter region of Sox9 and represses Sox9 expression in vitro. Interestingly, Sox9 binding to β-catenin is enhanced in Med23 fx/fx; Wnt1-Cre mutant embryos, which, together with downregulation of Col2a1 and Wnt signaling target genes, results in decreased proliferation and altered jaw skeletal differentiation and cleft palate. Altogether, our data support a cell-autonomous requirement for Med23 in neural crest cells, potentially linking the global transcription machinery through Med23 to the etiology and pathogenesis of craniofacial anomalies such as micrognathia and cleft palate.
Association of Education and Depressive Symptoms with Tooth Loss
Authors: Fukuhara S. , Asai K. , Kakeno A. , Umebachi C. , Yamanaka S. , Watanabe T. , Yamazaki T. , Nakao K. , Setoh K. , Kawaguchi T. , Morita S. , Nakayama T. , Matsuda F. , Bessho K. , Tabara Yasuharu , Kawaguchi Takahisa , Setoh Kazuya , Takahashi Yoshimitsu , Kosugi Shinji , Nakayama Takeo , Matsuda Fumihiko
Published: November 2020

Previous evidence suggests the association of lower educational attainment and depressive symptoms with tooth loss. The hypothesis of this study was that these factors may exacerbate the effect on tooth loss beyond the sum of their individual effects. We aimed to clarify the independent and interactive effects of educational attainment and depressive symptoms on the number of missing teeth among community residents. Cross-sectional data of 9,647 individuals were collected from the general Japanese population. Dental examination was conducted by dentists. Educational attainment was categorized into 3 levels based on the number of educational years: ≤9, >9 to ≤12, and >12 y. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to assess depressive symptoms; a total score of ≥16 and/or the use of medications for depression indicate the presence of depressive symptoms. In the multivariate analysis with adjustment for conventional risk factors, educational attainment was identified as a determinant of the number of missing teeth (>9 to ≤12 y of education: coefficient = 0.199, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.135 to 0.263, P < 0.001; ≤9 y of education: coefficient = 0.318, 95% CI, 0.231 to 0.405, P < 0.001: reference, >12 y of education). An analysis that included interaction terms revealed that the relationship between “≤9 y of education” and the number of missing teeth differed depending on the depressive symptoms, indicating a positive interactive association (coefficient for interaction = 0.198; 95% CI, 0.033 to 0.364, P for interaction = 0.019: reference, >12 y of education). Our study suggests the presence of a significant association between educational attainment and tooth loss, as well as a partial interactive association between “≤9 y of education” and “depressive symptoms” in the general Japanese population.
Diversity and Informal Economy: An International Perspective
Authors: Amin Saqib , Ahmad Nawaz
Published: November 2020

This article is an attempt to explain the complex relationship of ethnic diversity and its participation in informal economy by utilizing the data of 187 countries of the world. How ethnic diversity, whether in any shape linguistic or religious may enhance the size and development of informal economy. The outcome of the study reveals the significant role of ethnic diversity for the development of informal economy.
I Want To Learn But They Won’t Let Me: Exploring the Impact of School Discipline on Academic Achievement
Authors: Bell Charles , Puckett Tiffany
Published: November 2020

Using Critical Race Theory (CRT) as a guiding conceptual framework, this qualitative study examines black students’ and parents’ perceptions of school discipline and its impact on academic achievement. The findings support the notion that out-of-school suspension has a negative impact on the academic achievement of African American students and suggest that this phenomenon emerges through a multifaceted process that includes (a) missing assignments and having trouble catching up, (b) missing vital instruction throughout the disciplinary period, and (c) educator resistance to providing makeup work to students who receive out-of-school suspensions. This study also provides some practical recommendations for school leaders.
The effects of land price in the peri-urban fringe of Mexico City: Environmental amenities for informal land parcel purchasers
Authors: Martínez-Jiménez Estebania Teyeliz , Le Gallo Julie , Pérez-Campuzano Enrique , Aguilar Ibarra Alonso
Published: November 2020

In many developing countries, urban growth is characterised by the emergence of informal housing at the periphery. Nevertheless, there is little evidence based on data from informal land markets and, in general, studies focusing on such markets often neglect environmental factors. Therefore, to contribute to these research gaps, this article aims to enhance our understanding of land markets in informal land parcels and their relationship to environmental amenities, by providing empirical evidence from Mexico City. The article estimates a hedonic pricing model using robust ordinary least squares with a SHAC (Spatial Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent) inference, including structural, environmental, neighbourhood and accessibility features. Results provide empirical insights regarding the way this land market behaves in the peri-urban area. Our findings reveal that informal land parcel purchasers are willing to pay for basic services such as access to piped water, proximity to schools and accessibility features such as being close to city centre, motorways and underground stations. Although a positive relationship between land price and distance to the nearest forest or Protected Natural Area is highlighted, it is low, meaning that individuals are largely ambivalent about environmental amenities. Therefore, the problem of irregular settlements could be approached from two different angles. Firstly, informal land buyers will not desist from invading and modifying natural areas without a comprehensive urban and environmental policy, oriented towards changing the perception of green areas as potential urbanisation opportunities. Secondly, public policy needs to solve the housing supply crisis, considering the characteristics presented here.