bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conduites à risque à l’adolescence: manifestations typiques de construction de l’identité ?
Authors: Zimmermann Grégoire , Barbosa Carvalhosa Marlène , Sznitman Gillian Albert , Van Petegem Stijn , Baudat Sophie , Darwiche Joëlle , Antonietti Jean-Philippe , Clémence Alain
Published: January 2022

Au cours des dernières décennies, on a assisté à une « pathologisation » de plus en plus importante des conduites à risque à l’adolescence rarement considérées comme de simples comportements de transgression constitutifs de cette période. Pourtant plusieurs auteurs ont souligné l’importance des conduites d’exploration dans la résolution des processus identitaires, d’individuation et de socialisation au cours de cette période développementale. Cet article a pour objectif de proposer une réflexion critique sur les conduites à risque à l’adolescence et examine en quoi l’approche théorique d’Erikson et les travaux néo-eriksonniens sur la construction identitaire offrent des pistes intéressantes par rapport à la compréhension du rôle de la prise de risque au cours de cette période développementale.
Audition prénatale et sensibilité aux langues chez les nourrissons bilingues de naissance
Authors: Bijeljac-Babic Ranka
Published: January 2022

Résumé Au cours des vingt dernières années, un nombre important d’études sur le développement du langage chez les nourrissons vivant dans un environnement bilingue ont montré leurs capacités extraordinaires de discrimination des différents aspects des langues, similaires et parfois supérieures aux capacités des monolingues. En parallèle, les études sur la perception prénatale, depuis l’article fondamental de DeCasper et Fifer (1980), ont établi que l’acquisition du langage commence déjà in utero . Dans le présent article, nous retraçons un historique des débuts des recherches sur la perception du langage dans le domaine prénatal et dans le domaine néonatal menées à la maternité Baudelocque à Paris (Hôpital Cochin) dans les années 1980-1990 et l’apport de chacun de ces domaines de recherches à la compréhension de l’acquisition du langage.
De quelques apprentissages fœtaux à une psychologie transnatale
Authors: Lécuyer Roger , Durand Karine
Published: January 2022

Résumé Dans les sciences humaines en général et en psychologie en particulier, il est rare qu’une recherche puisse être considérée comme décisive en ceci qu’elle contraint de changer les positions théoriques généralement admises. Tel est le cas, par exemple, des situations-problème de Köhler montrant l’existence de représentations chez les chimpanzés, ou des situations de recherche d’objets cachés de Piaget. La recherche de DeCasper et Fifer (1980), complétée par celles qui ont suivi, fait partie de ce petit nombre. Ces expériences montrent en effet l’existence d’un apprentissage avant la naissance, celui de caractéristiques de la voix de la mère permettant, après la naissance et donc dans d’autres conditions acoustiques, de différencier cette voix d’une voix non familière. Le présent article tente de situer les principales conséquences, en particulier théoriques de cette découverte, lesquelles n’ont été prises en compte que de manière très insuffisante dans la littérature.
Rationaliser l’activité pour sauver l’État social ? Appropriations et application localisée des nouvelles règles gestionnaires par les professionnels de l’hôpital public
Authors: Foubert Camille
Published: February 2022

À partir de l’analyse des réappropriations et des usages, par les professionnels de l’hôpital public, des discours et des contraintes austéritaires, cet article dépeint comment ces derniers se retrouvent concrètement impliqués dans la mise en place des réformes successives qui se donnent pour objectif de diminuer les coûts et de rationaliser l’activité. L’hôpital est un espace d’appropriations pratiques et banalisées de raisonnement économique, où les professionnels endossent un rôle de gardien du temple de l’« État social ». Ils et elles y construisent et partagent ce que l’on peut concevoir comme un ethos du service public hospitalier, qui les unit dans une opposition simultanée aux patients et au secteur privé. Le fait qu’ils et elles soient en première ligne des réductions de moyens renforce le sentiment de bien-fondé ainsi que la nécessité matérielle des contrôles, des évaluations et des différenciations opérés vis-à-vis des patients. Au-delà d’une réflexion opposant soumission et résistance, cet article montre comment, sur le terrain, les professionnels hospitaliers contribuent, idéologiquement et matériellement, à la mise en œuvre des réformes et à l’application des nouvelles règles gestionnaires.
Le virage ambulatoire de la chirurgie lourde : une mise au travail des patients productrice d’inégalités sociales
Authors: Marchand-Tonel Claire
Published: February 2022

À travers l’étude d’un programme de réhabilitation améliorée après chirurgie (RAAC), nous souhaitons illustrer les effets que le virage ambulatoire peut produire sur le travail des infirmières. En analysant la mise en œuvre de ce programme dans une clinique à but lucratif, nous montrerons comment l’intrication entre innovation médicale et innovation organisationnelle permet d’opérer une nouvelle division du travail entre plusieurs fonctions infirmières, les patients et leur entourage. L’externalisation sur les patients et leurs proches des tâches d’organisation, des activités de care à faible valeur ajoutée et à forte dimension individuelle et relationnelle, ainsi que le fait qu’ils devront les réaliser en dehors du temps de l’hospitalisation permet de réduire la variabilité des prises en charge hospitalières et, ainsi, de garantir un raccourcissement significatif de la durée de séjour. Du côté des infirmières, la déprofessionnalisation du travail de care et le raccourcissement des séjours génère un appauvrissement du travail et une augmentation des cadences. Plus largement, le déploiement de ce type de programmes dans des cliniques privées à but lucratif pose la question de leur généralisation dans le cadre des réformes portées par l’action publique et du risque de production d’inégalités sociales.
Les obstacles à la participation professionnelle rencontrés par les jeunes atteints de mucoviscidose : le poids de l’environnement humain
Authors: Ferez Sylvain , Silvestri Laura , Issanchou Damien
Published: February 2022

En s’appuyant sur le cadre théorique du processus de production du handicap (PPH) [Fougeyrollas et Charrier, 2013], l’article examine les obstacles à la participation professionnelle que des jeunes adultes de moins de 26 ans vivant avec la mucoviscidose rencontrent au moment de se projeter ou d’entrer dans la vie professionnelle. L’exploitation des récits produits durant 22 entretiens de recherche approfondis montre combien ces obstacles ne dépendent pas uniquement de leur situation de santé ni de la gestion médicale de la maladie, mais qu’ils sont aussi produits par les environnements de travail qu’ils ont intégrés ou cherchent à intégrer. Les auteurs avancent finalement l’hypothèse que la gestion de l’information sur la maladie sur le lieu de travail a pour principale fonction de favoriser la coopération des collègues en vue de réduire les obstacles matériels ou organisationnels à la participation professionnelle, mais aussi de prévenir les obstacles que l’environnement humain pourrait présenter. Le milieu du travail apparaît ainsi, d’abord et avant tout, comme un environnement humain à apprivoiser, afin de prévenir l’irruption d’interactions embarrassantes et leurs conséquences sociales.
Additive manufacturing and supply chain configuration: Modelling and performance evaluation
Authors: Rinaldi Marta , Caterino Mario , Macchiaroli Roberto
Published: February 2022

Purpose: the aim of the study is to compare the performance of different supply chain configurations adopting Additive Manufacturing. Five input factors have been varied with the aim of testing the response of the supply chain to different starting conditions. In order to evaluate the supply chain performance, a set of key performance indicators have been identified considering both manufacturing and logistic processes.Design/methodology/approach: A discrete event simulation model has been developed in order to reproduce the behavior of the players according to their role in the supply chain. Different supply chain configurations have been modelled to assess the performance of the solution combined with different input factors. Many scenarios have been tested with the aim of identifying suitable applications of the additive technology.Findings: in general, the decentralized configuration has better logistic performance than the centralized supply chain. In fact, it is more flexible, suitable for high service levels, and less affected by the variability of the demand. However, when the distances among players are very short and the average demand is low, the benefits in adopting a decentralized configuration are very limited.Concerning the performance of the production phase, the centralized structure allows providing a better capacity utilization, exploiting the potential of a High-cost machine with higher production camera volume and speed.Practical implications: the outcomes obtained allow deriving some useful guidelines, which could help practitioners to identify a suitable application of the additive technology.Originality/value: first, the model provides a quantitative evaluation. Moreover, the study analyzes the performance of the additive technology combined with different supply chain configurations. This is a strong point since it is well known that emerging manufacturing technologies can affect the structure and the performance of the whole supply chain.
Gender and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Social Determinants of Health and Subjective Cognitive Decline: The Mediating Role of Depression
Authors: Brown Monique J. , Joseph Chantaezia , James Titilayo , Haider Mohammad Rifat , Zahnd Whitney E. , Cohen Steven A.
Published: February 2022

Social determinants of health (SDOH) may be associated with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), which is a precursor for Alzheimer's disease. The main aims of the current study were to examine the association between SDOH and SCD; to determine if there is an indirect pathway among SDOH, depression, and SCD; and to examine the related gender and racial/ethnic disparities. Cross-sectional data were obtained from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey (
N
= 6,509; 2,530 men and 3,978 women aged ≥45 years). Path analyses (stratified by gender and race) were used to determine the relationship between a SDOH index, depression, and SCD. After controlling for gender, age, income, education, employment, and other health-related behaviors, SDOH were positively associated with SCD among the overall population, men, and White populations. SDOH were associated with depression, and depression was associated with SCD among men, women, and White and Black populations. After adjustment for confounders, the indirect pathway among SDOH, depression, and SCD was statistically significant for men (β = 0.035,
p
< 0.001), women (β = 0.040,
p
< 0.001), White populations (β = 0.034,
p
< 0.001), and Black populations (β = 0.036,
p
= 0.026). Gender and racial/ethnic disparities existed in the relationship among SDOH, depression, and SCD. Future research should assess alternative mediational pathways between SDOH and SCD. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48
(2), 13–22.]
Long lasting effect of acute restraint stress on behavior and brain anti-oxidative status
Authors: Chaoui Nouhaila ,   Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco, Anarghou Hammou , Laaroussi Meriem , Essaidi Oumaima , Najimi Mohamed , Chigr Fatiha
Published: January 2022

Exposure to certain acute stressors results in an immediate behavioral and physiological response to these situations during a significant period of days. The goal of the current study is to evaluate the long-lasting effect of single exposure of restraint stress among mice after 0 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Five groups of mice are under experiment: a control group and four groups exposed to one session of restraint stress. All these groups have been studied for behavioral tests in order to evaluate their memories. This is done through a Y-labyrinth and an object recognition test, and anxiety by using open field device. In the second part of the study, enzymatic assays (concerning catalase, glutathione s transferase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) are used to evaluate oxidative stress. The enzymatic activity of the antioxidant system is assessed in five brain structures, including the cerebellum, olfactory bulb, spinal bulb, hypothalamus, and hippocampus.

The obtained results show that acute restraint stress leads to a decrease in memory function and to the development of an anxious state; concomitant to an increase of locomotor activity afterword. It causes disturbance of antioxidant balance in the brain by developing a state of oxidative stress. Indeed, restraint stress causes a change in anti-oxidant stress enzymatic activity in the brain, notably in post-stress period. In conclusion, acute restraint stress is responsible for altering cognitive functions, especially memory, and the development of anxious behavior, which could be a result of the generation of oxidative stress; effects that are persistent over an important period after the cessation of stress.
Irlande, terre de violence ? La Grande Rébellion de 1641 au miroir des pamphlets anglais
Authors: Loupès Philippe
Published: February 2022

L’ampleur et même la réalité des massacres perpétrés sur les protestants anglais au cours de la grande Rébellion de 1641 sont depuis des siècles un sujet polémique au cœur de l’histoire d’Irlande. Au-delà de ce débat, la présente étude analyse les pamphlets, littérature de propagande destinée à susciter l’indignation des Anglais face à une nation catholique jugée bestiale et sauvage.
Invention d’un nouveau territoire de subjectivation comme évolution du bio-pouvoir dans les démocraties parlementaires
Authors: Lemeilleur Sandra
Published: February 2022

L’évolution de l’espace de vie suit l’évolution du concept d’intime. De la chambre individuelle à la colocation, la possibilité d’un espace à soi se réduit. L’invention des espaces du virtuel ainsi que les usages relatifs comme territoire de l’expression du sujet entretiennent des rapports étroits avec le régime politique des démocraties parlementaires. Ces liens permettent l’élaboration d’une nouvelle forme de subjectivité. L’intention de cet article est de montrer que l’intime est un concept interstitiel évoluant dans un espace interstitiel entre public et privé.
Les communautés locales danoises : quelles innovations sociales à la périphérie des villes ?
Authors: Escach Nicolas
Published: February 2022

Le Danemark est connu pour ses expériences pionnières en matière de communautés locales durables : quartiers autogérés, écoquartiers, cohabitat, écovillages. La plupart se sont installées à la périphérie des principales villes du pays : Copenhague, Aarhus ou Aalborg. L’innovation sociale qu’elles suscitent est aujourd’hui débattue : contribuent-elles réellement à renforcer la cohésion sociale, réintroduisant la diversité dans les périphéries urbaines, ou s’apparentent-elles à de nouveaux ghettos boboïsés ? Les exemples du 8-tallet, de l’écoquartier de Hedebygade (Copenhague), des jardins partagés d’Aalborg et des écovillages de Munksøgård et Hjortshøj apportent à travers des trajectoires contrastées la matière à une démarche inductive et multiscalaire.
Current Concepts in the Management of Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsies
Authors: Rathore Chaturbhuj , Patel Kajal Y , Satishchandra Parthasarthy
Published: February 2022

Idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs) are a group of epilepsies characterized by an underlying genetic predisposition and a good response to antiseizure medicines (ASMs) in the majority of the patients. Of the various broad-spectrum ASMs, valproate is the most effective medicine for the control of seizures in IGEs. However, with the availability of many newer ASMs and evidence showing the high teratogenic potential of valproate, the choice of ASMs for IGEs has become increasingly difficult, especially in women of the child-bearing age group. In this article, we review the current evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of various ASMs in patients with IGEs and provide practical guidelines for choosing appropriate ASMs in various subgroups of patients with IGEs.
Analysis of Different Safety Devices in the Prevention of Motorcycle-Related Craniofacial Trauma - A Retrospective Study
Authors: Novelli Giorgio , Moretti Mattia , De Ponti Elena , Bozzetti Alberto , Sozzi Davide , Canzi Gabriele
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Motorcycle accidents are one of the most frequent causes of trauma. Safety devices and helmets can influence the severity of injuries. Our retrospective study wants to evaluate the different effectiveness of Open-face and Full-face helmets in the prevention of craniofacial trauma.

Materials and Methods:

The sample consists of 440 patients admitted to two Level I Trauma Centres in Northern Italy, between January 2002 and February 2019, because of motorcycle-related craniofacial trauma. For each patient personal data were collected, as well as type and site of fractures, type of helmet, if worn, Comprehensive Facial Injury (CFI) score and Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS-Head) for head injuries. Inferential statistical analysis was then conducted.

Results:

Two hundred and eighty-eight patients wore Open-face helmets (69.7%) and 125 patients wore Full-face ones (30.3%). Mean CFI score (Standard deviation - SD) observed in patients with Open-face helmets was 7.0 (SD: 6.8) and surgery was required in 149 cases (51.7%); while it was 4.9 (SD: 6.0) in patients with Full-face helmets for whom surgery was required in 43 cases (34.4%) (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Multivariate analysis shows that severity of facial trauma is a significant risk factor for head injury severity with OR 1.90 (95% confidence interval: 1.43 - 2.51) and P < 0.0001.

Discussion:

Full-face helmets are definitely considered to be more protective for facial trauma, which is also a significant risk factor for the severity of head injuries. The type of helmet chosen influences the need of surgical treatment in case of craniofacial trauma.
Long-term Follow-up after Extracapsular Dissection of Parotid Pleomorphic Adenomas - A Retrospective Study
Authors: Colangeli Walter , Facchini Valerio , Kapitonov Aleksandr , Bozza Fabrizio , Becelli Roberto
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Parotid pleomorphic adenoma (PPA) is the most common benign salivary gland neoplasm. Extracapsular dissection (ED) arose as a conservative surgical technique alternative to superficial parotidectomy to reduce complications.

Materials and Methods:

Patients who underwent ED for superficial, <3 cm, mobile parotid lumps (Quer I) between 2004 and 2008 were retrospectively analysed focusing on those with histological diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma. A retrospective cohort study on 50 patients who accepted to undergo ultrasonography and clinical evaluation for at least 10 years since surgery was performed. Clinical data, surgical reports, and validated questionnaires for the assessment of complications, quality of life (QoL) and aesthetic satisfaction were analysed. Recurrence rate and complications after ED, with their QoL and aesthetic impact, were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed setting α=0.05 as the level of significance.

Results:

Low occurrence of complications related to ED was seen. Overall QoL after ED was very good (range 1–7, mean 6,86), due to low complications incidence of complications and their low severity, as assessed by patients through Parotidectomy Outcome Inventory-8 questionnaire. Overall aesthetic satisfaction was high (range 1–10, mean 9,78). Aesthetic satisfaction and QoL was statistically related to onset of complications (P = 0.02504 and P = 0.001859). Tumour localization and dimension was not statistically related to onset of complications (P = 0.8207 and 0.7586). After a mean follow-up of 12.5 years, no recurrences were detected.

Discussion:

There is a lack of studies with a long-term follow-up after ED for the evaluation of recurrences and complications. Considering our results, the ED technique should be adopted as the first surgical approach for Quer I PPA without suspicion of malignancy.
Glandular Odontogenic Cyst of Anterior Maxilla - A Rare Case Report
Authors: Arora Geetanjali , Kumar Jitender , Singh Minerva , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: February 2022

Rationale:

Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare type of cyst of the jaws, which shares histological features with that of lateral periodontal cyst, botryoid cyst, radicular cyst with mucous metaplasia, or low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, making it difficult to come to a definitive diagnosis. Not many cases of GOC have been reported in the literature.

Patient Concerns:

A 40-year-old male patient presented with pain in the upper right front tooth region. Mild extraoral swelling, obliterating the right nasolabial fold, was present. Tenderness on percussion was present in involved teeth.

Diagnosis:

On histopathological examination, GOC was confirmed featuring pseudostratified columnar cells with cilia, goblet cells, and mucous cells.

Treatment:

Complete enucleation of the cyst was done.

Outcomes:

No recurrence was noted on 1-year follow-up.

Take-away Lessons:

Due to high recurrence rate and aggressive nature of the cyst, it is important to plan proper management and long-term follow-up.
National board governed post-graduate curriculum: Strengths and scope
Authors: Jadon Ashok , Theerth Kaushic A , D'souza Nita , Jana Joyshankar J
Published: February 2022

The National Board of Examinations was established to boost the quality of medical education by laying down exclusive norms, uniform standards and a national level evaluation for the postgraduate medical courses. The content and context of the training curriculum is well updated as per advances in the field and current requirements. Diplomate of National Board (DNB) courses are considered to be at par with the postgraduate and post doctorate degrees for all intents and purposes. The introduction of a formative assessment with objective evaluation pattern has improved the scope of the board. Moving on to a competency-based training with emphasis on novel research can maximise the quality of training to international standards. Training DNB teachers and assessors in the newer teaching and assessment methods can improve the calibre of residents. Stringent monitoring and review of the training can increase the credibility of the courses and the board can be expected to cater for students abroad.
Importance of non-technical skills in anaesthesia education
Authors: Radhakrishnan B. , Katikar Manisha D. , Myatra Sheila Nainan , Gautam Parshotam Lal , Vinayagam Stalin , Saroa Richa
Published: February 2022

Rising concern about patient safety has resulted in growing interest in non-technical skills (NTS) among anaesthesiologists. Growing evidence suggesting the use of good NTS training in patient safety in simulated as well as real-world environment made them important in medical education. Both technical skills (TS) and NTS are interdependent. Successful task performance depends on effective integration of both TS and NTS for any given situation. Development of tools for assessing the NTS of an anaesthesiologist in improving health care outcomes is challenging. Teaching, understanding and evaluating NTS among anaesthesiologists in improving health care outcomes is a domain which is supposed to be a rich seam for future studies.
The changing face of postgraduate anaesthesia teaching curriculum: Need of the hour!
Authors: Malhotra Naveen , Koshy Thomas , Bhatia Pradeep , Datta Rashmi , Jain Divya , Koppal Ramesh
Published: February 2022

The speciality of anaesthesiology is evolving rapidly. The recent pandemic witnessed anaesthesiologists as the front-liners catering not only as critical care physicians but also as trainers and even administrators. Today, anaesthesiologists are required to have not just sound clinical knowledge but also proficiency in skills and techniques and aptitude for leadership. The recently introduced competency-based postgraduate training programme for anaesthesiology in India with its specific learning objectives envisages the creation of competent specialists with a broad range of skills who are competent not only to handle effectively medical problems but also acquire the basic teaching skills, communication skills and leadership qualities. The curriculum marks a paradigm shift from university-based, passive, teacher-centric to student-centric, active teaching-learning methods including problem-based and self-directed learning. The mindset, lack of adequately trained faculty, infrastructure, learning resources and time constraints form the major impediment in the successful implementation of the new curriculum.
Advances in management of locally advanced cervical cancer
Authors: Musunuru Hima Bindu , Pifer Phillip M. , Mohindra Pranshu , Albuquerque Kevin , Beriwal Sushil
Published: February 2022

Globally, cervical cancer has the fourth highest cancer incidence and mortality in women. Cervical cancer is unique because it has effective prevention, screening, and treatment options. This review discusses the current cervical cancer advances with a focus on locally advanced cervical cancer. Topics discussed include diagnostic imaging principles, surgical management with adjuvant therapy and definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Emphasis is given on current advances and future research directions in radiation therapy (RT) with an emphasis on three-dimensional brachytherapy, intensity-modulated RT, image-guided RT, proton RT and hyperthermia.
Consensus on contentious issues relevant for breast cancer management for the Indian scenario
Authors: Chatterjee Sanjoy , Chakraborty Santam
Published: February 2022

Management of breast cancer is multidisciplinary requiring critical analysis of emerging evidence especially with its appropriateness to local practice. A high level expert committee meeting was held to arrive at a consensus on controversial practical breast cancer management policies for Indian patients. Indian experts (n=39) from government and private centres who were part of the breast cancer multidisciplinary group, participated in the consensus meeting. A set of controversial yet practical questions were circulated among the experts at least two weeks in advance of the consensus meeting. International experts from the UK (n=6) also participated in the scientific discussions to add further light on the topics. The experts voted on the practical acceptable management policy for India. Consensus was defined as overwhelming (90-100% concurrence in voting), moderate (70-89% concurrence), low (50-70% concurrence) and non-consensus (<50% concurrence). Fifty eight questions based on pragmatic management strategies were framed and circulated to 39 participants. An overwhelming consensus was received in 51 of the 58 questions. The group considered the available evidence with a view for its practical applicability in Indian patients. This consensus document may aid in shaping breast cancer care for the breast oncology practitioners as well as the policymakers in the country.
Study of clinico-aetiological profile and management of liver abscess in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Kiranmayee Narapaneni , Subbalaxmi M. V. S. , Umabala Pamidimukkala , Kapoor Anu
Published: February 2022

Background:

Liver abscess if diagnosed late or left untreated, the disease leads to fatal course with significant morbidity and mortality.

Methods:

We prospectively studied the clinical presentations, aetiological factors, microbiological aetiology, management and outcome in 30 patients with liver abscess seen over a period of 6 months at our tertiary care hospital.

Results:

Their mean age was 50.1 (range 18 to 84) years; there were 24 (80%) males. The common symptoms were fever (80%), abdominal pain (20%) and vomiting and jaundice (10%). The common laboratory abnormalities were increased alkaline phosphatase (80%), leucocytosis (65%), hyper-bilirubinaemia (45%) and hypoalbuminaemia (70%). Abdominal ultrasonography was diagnostic in 90% of cases. Fifteen (50%) patients had positive microbial culture reports. The most common organism identified wasEscherichia coli(40%) followed byEntamoeba(15%);Pseudomonas(10%);KlebsiellaandEnterococcus(5%) andMycobacterium tuberculosisin one patient. Percutaneous needle aspiration and drainage were employed as the primary therapy in 24 patients. Biliary disease accounted for 18 cases and 6 were considered to be idiopathic. Four patients (13%) died.

Conclusions:

Liver abscess is a diagnostically challenging problem due to nonspecific presenting characteristics. Our observations emphasise the importance of percutaneous drainage as a mainstay of therapy.
Survival Analysis of Burn Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Maharashtra, India
Authors: Salunke Nandkumar , Tapare Vinay Shridhar , Parande Malangori Abdulgani , Tambe Muralidhar P.
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Burn injuries are a major problem in low-income and middle-income countries. High population density, illiteracy, and poverty are the main demographic factors associated with a high risk of burn injury. Social, economic, and cultural factors interact to complicate the management, reporting, and prevention of burns.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to discover attributes associated with the survival of burn cases.

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to assess the survival of burn cases. To identify the factors associated with the survival of burn cases.

Materials and Methods:

This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 1 year started from January 2013 to December 2013, in the burn ward of Government Medical College, attached to the tertiary care hospital.

Results:

Overall, the mean survival time was 13 days (95% confidence interval = 10–16 days). Its time was significantly different (P = 0.000). The mean survival time was significantly associated (P = 0.007) with the nature of burn. It was a maximum (18 days) in patients having burn injury at workplace. It was 13 days in males as compared to 12 days in females. The mean survival time was maximum (20 days) in burn cases occurring between 6 pm and 12 midnight and minimum (10 days) in cases between 12 pm and 6 pm.

Conclusions:

The mean survival time was significantly associated with nature and mode of burn but was independent of age groups, time, place of occurrence, and sex of the patient.
Measles-Rubella Vaccination Campaign: Pandemic as Speed Breaker
Authors: Chaklader Biswajit , Banerjee Amitav , Rathod Hetal , Srivastava Kajal , Lakhute Sadhana , Borgaonkar Chaitali
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:

Infectious diseases such as measles and rubella (MR) spread quickly to infect vulnerable populations, especially children below 5 years. Mass vaccination had been implemented to prevent it and its success has been observed through decreasing numbers of cases. The Government of India started MR campaign in February 2017, and Maharashtra was one of the selected states for it. The study was planned to find out the trend of measles cases before and after MR campaign and also to find out the effect of lockdown due to pandemic on vaccine usage.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to find out the trend of MR cases before and after MR campaign.

Materials and Methods:

A Descriptive observational study was done in tertiary care center for 2 years. Measles cases from the past 5 years were taken, and the impact of MR campaign was seen. Lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the vaccination drive. To find out the impact, data for different vaccines were collected from different health centers, and analysis was done in Epi-info.

Results:

Post MR campaign, there was a sharp decrease in measles cases. Measles mostly targeted children below 6 years, and infants were seen having the longest stay in hospital due to the infection. At the onset of lockdown due to pandemic, vaccine consumption has gone down everywhere in the study.

Conclusion:

Vaccination is a proven weapon to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases, and measles is no different from other infectious diseases. Lockdown hindered the process of mass vaccination of vaccine-preventable diseases and which has gone down everywhere.
Ecofriendly Alternatives to Antibiotics for Improving Growth Performance in Poultry
Authors: Gyawali Ishwari , Paudel Ramjee , Rayamajhi Kailash , Khan Imtiyaz Ahmed , Dahal Ghanashyam
Published: February 2022

Background:

Poultry farming has become an integral part of animal husbandry and has been developed rapidly during the last few decades. Antibiotics have been used and adopted as growth promoters for improving feed efficiency and performance in poultry industry. The prolonged use of antibiotics has led to the development of resistant bacteria and destruction of beneficial bacteria. Search on additives that can replace antibiotics without causing any negative impact in productivity and quality has been progressed.

Objective:

To review the various growth promoters available alternate to antibiotic, that can perform better in the existing condition according to their genetic potential and keep up health, growth, and performance of poultry.

Materials and Methods:

Our study relies on the literature analysis; clinical and biological data were collected from different literatures and reports.

Result of Study:

A brief description of alternatives and their efficaciousness, use, and advantage for enhancing production and safeguarding the health of poultry is presented. Although the beneficial activities of the developed alternative are well demonstrated, their mode of actions is not well defined.

Conclusions and Recommendations:

The article is useful to the researchers to enhance their idea on poultry birds and perform further research on antibiotics and other alternatives without sacrificing birds.
Why do Local Governments Externalise Public Service Delivery? An Empirical Analysis of the Drivers of Corporatisation, Public-public Collaboration and PPP in the Flemish Elderly Care Sector
Authors: Vos David , Voets Joris
Published: February 2022

Based on a study of 22 Flemish local governments and their respective delivery of elderly care, this article analyses the drivers of three local public service delivery externalisation options: corporatisation, public-public collaboration and public-private partnerships (PPP). The analysis reveals a combination of financial and economic efficiency underlying externalisation. Further, while political ideology appears to impact the choice for PPP, the findings suggest that externalisation is guided by pragmatic rather than political-ideological motivations. Overall, the results show that smaller and more financially strapped local governments are more inclined to choose for public-public collaboration and PPP. Rather than the overall financial situation of local governments being a underlying factor, the (potential) impact of the service-related costs on local finances drive externalisation. We also find that policymakers do not solely motivate their choices based on past and current situations, but also anticipate future challenges.
From Advice and Consultation to Local Co-governance. The Case of Advisory Councils in Polish Cities
Authors: Pawłowska Agnieszka , Radzik-Maruszak Katarzyna
Published: February 2022

The paper draws on the empirical findings of the research exploring the functions of local advisory councils (ACs). ACs are conceptualized as the form of participation placed between ‘advising and opinion-giving’ and ‘co-governance’ according to Fung’s approach (2006). Youth councils, senior citizen councils, and councils for residents with disabilities – that operate in 65 Polish cities – are put under examination. The article presents the results of the desk research, questionnaire, and interviews with the AC members addressing the issues of the origins of ACs in Poland, their membership and the way members are recruited, and AC functions and their relations with city authorities and community. The authors conclude by pointing to the pro-active role of ACs in local governance, but also indicate that their role as a stakeholder in co-governance requires them to contribute to policy decisions going beyond and above the advice and consultation provided so far.
Reconsidering the Role of Instrumental Technique in Creative Process: The ‘Canadian School of Double Bass’ Applied to Jazz Performance
Authors: Dobson Samuel
Published: February 2022

Contemporary research exploring embodiment in music has suggested that creative musical thought is directly linked to a performer’s learnt physical techniques. Within this discourse, it is understood that an improvising musician’s embodied physical techniques play a primary role in informing their creative processes. This view suggests that subsequent changes or developments to a jazz musician’s physical technique may fundamentally influence the ways in which musical ideas are conceived while improvising. This article begins by unpacking a cross-section of literature in support of this claim, before presenting the results of a practice-led autoethnographic experiment exploring the relationship between instrumental technique and creative practice. In this experiment, I transition to a new way of playing the double bass, informed by Joel Quarrington’s The Canadian School of Double Bass, and observe transformations in hand frame, use of vertical shifts, use of register, feelings of tension and overall dexterity, all of which appear to influence my creative decision making. The results highlight how this reformed technical approach affected the physical accessibility of certain intervallic options, and appear to have fundamentally impacted my conception and construction of melodic content on a cognitive level.
Distorted Lattice Structure of La and Nd Co-Doped Bismuth Titanate Bi3-XTi4O12 Nano-Grained Ceramics for High Quality Energy Storage Application
Authors:   Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Islam Md. Aminul
Published: January 2022

Capacitive energy storage technology becomes more popular due to the fast charging facilities. Bismuth titanate (BIT) is a lead-free ferroelectric material used as a dielectric medium in the capacitive energy storage system. La and Nd co-doped BIT has been synthesized through a solid-state reaction process to obtain improved dielectric properties. Various characterization technologies such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X ray diffraction (XRD) have been done to sure the reaction completion and absence of the impurity phase of BIT. Rietveld refinement of XRD has been carried out to investigate the crystal structural properties of La and Nd-doped BIT. Capacitive energy storage performances have been tested by measuring the parallel plate capacitance and quality factor of BIT ceramics. Co-doped BIT possesses the highest crystal density, which results in a high Q factor. The unit cell of the TiO6 octahedral of BIT becomes highly distorted as a consequence of La and Nd co-doping, which increases surface polarization, and the capacitance of BIT increases.
Design and Development an IoT Based Real-Time Agriculture Plant Monitoring System
Authors:   East Delta University, Uddin Nasir , Barua Dipta ,   East Delta University, Islam Md. Aminul ,   Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology
Published: January 2022

The agricultural sector plays an important role in Bangladesh that contributing 19.6 % to the national GDP and providing employment to 63 % of the population. So, it is needed to digitalize this sector to make it more productive and effective. Therefore, it is essential to monitor and analyze the real-time agriculture condition data for future improvement. In this project, we have used different sensors such as temperature sensor and humidity sensor soil moisture sensor and pH sensor to monitor the ambient temperature, humidity, moisture content in soil and pH level of water respectively. Node MCU ESP8266 and ThinSpeak have been used as microcontroller and web servers respectively. Using these sensors, it can be monitored the real-time data on the server and controlled from a remote location. This system also has an option to store data in a convenient place. The water pump turns on and off automatically depending on moisture level.
Design of MPPT Based PV System Using DC-DC Converter
Authors:   East Delta University, Alam Muhammad Samiul , Ashrafi Kazi Muhammad Asif ,   East Delta University, Tahmid Marjana ,   East Delta University, Billah Baque ,   East Delta University, Khadem Tania ,   East Delta University
Published: January 2022

This paper aims to analyze the potentiality and cost-effectiveness of PV systems' application and ensure maximum power extraction from the solar panel. Solar panels have stationary parts with a durable lifetime along with the nature of modularity and shorter commissioning time compared to other available energy sources. To clinch the tracking of maximum power Mpp, Perturb, and Observe algorithm is preferred. Matching the load impedance with the PV panel is ensured by employing a Boost converter topology where the duty cycle is adjustable. The system was comprised of a solar module, DC-DC Boost converter, and a resistive load. The system was designed, and performances were evaluated through simulation using PSIM software. Later the parameters were verified by experimental conditions using a solar panel of the exact specifications, and some data were obtained close to the simulated data.
COVID-19 and the Unraveling of Experimental Medicine - Part I
Authors:   Department of Radiology, Sparrow Health System, Lansing, MI, Thorp K. E. , Thorp James A. ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Sisters of St. Mary’s Health System, St. Louis, MO
Published: January 2022

Two years into the pandemic, with the number of deaths over five million globally and vaccine-resistant variants continuing to multiply, scientists are in the midst of the most dangerous and ill-conceived experiment in the history of medicine. Pinning their hopes on the success of new mRNA-based vaccines that stretch all conventional notions of a vaccine, and which were hastily released without adequate efficacy and safety trials, they seek to take the wind out of the sails of a full-blown pandemic without fully understanding either the means by which individuals develop resistance to the coronavirus or by which herd immunity is attained.
legislação baseada em evidências empíricas e o controle judicial dos fatos determinantes da decisão legislativa
Authors: Simões Nascimento Roberta
Published: February 2022

O artigo discute a utilização de evidências empíricas para a tomada de decisão legislativa, apresentando algumas dificuldades teóricas e práticas em torno da temática. Argumenta-se a falta de clareza conceitual sobre o que são evidências e sobre quais são os deveres em concreto a cargo dos legisladores na respectiva produção e consideração. Explica-se que o movimento em prol da legislação baseada em evidências (evidence-based legislation) não se confunde com a pesquisa empírica no direito (empirical legal scholarship), e que a produção acadêmica advinda dessa última tendência não necessariamente produz (ou produzirá) legislação baseada em evidências, até mesmo porque nem sempre as pesquisas oferecem respostas claras e não necessariamente as evidências serão determinantes para a legislação. Apresenta-se a perspectiva potencialmente rival – embora também voltada para o aperfeiçoamento da elaboração legislativa – cujo foco está nas qualidades democráticas do processo legislativo. Analisa-se a sindicabilidade dos fatos determinantes via controle judicial (evidence-based judicial review), apontando as disfuncionalidades da prática brasileira nessa matéria. Por fim, apontam-se alguns desafios e recomendações quanto à consideração e à revisão judicial das evidências consideradas (ou não) pelos legisladores.
Biodegradación de aceite refrigerante (éter bifenilo y bifenilo) en un suelo del orden oxisol en el Municipio Lagunillas del estado Zulia, Venezuela
Authors: Chirinos Iván , Pérez Almeida Iris Betzaida
Published: January 2022

Con el fin de evaluar y determinar el tiempo promedio necesario para lograr la degradación total de aceites refrigerantes se realizó un experimento bajo condiciones de invernadero usando como sustrato un suelo del orden oxisol, con pH = 4,24 (extremadamente ácido), con alta concentración de aluminio intercambiable (Al+3) = 1,44 cmol*Kg-1 de suelo, y de textura franco arenosa (Fa), además de abono orgánico en dosis de 20.000 kg*ha-1. Considerando la condición de acidez del suelo se usó cal agrícola (CaCO3) en dosis de 2.144 Kg de carbonato por hectárea. El experimento fue diseñado en factorial 4 x 3, con 4 tratamientos y 3 repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron evaluados en maceteros o envases donde se dispuso aproximadamente 0,06 m3 de la mezcla (suelos + desecho + enmiendas), el desecho o aceite se adicionó en dosis, equivalente a 10 L*m-2.El monitoreo se realizó a los 15, 30 y 45 días de incubación. Los resultados obtenidos de tiempo de degradación total de bifenilo (BF) fue de 51 días. En el caso del éter bifenilo (BFE) el tiempo promedio de116 días. Además del tiempo necesario para la degradación, se evaluó población de bacterias del género Pseudomonas, aporte de carbono orgánico y variación de pH del suelo. Según los resultados de este estudio, se puede recomendar la realización de pruebas de campo siguiendo las condiciones de los tratamientos T1 a T3
Inventario florístico de los parches de bosque montano adyacente al lago Pomacochas, provincia de Bongará, Departamento Amazonas
Authors: Rascón Jesús , Juarez Contreras Lily del Pilar , Rivera López Rosalynn Yohanna , Pariente Mondragón Elí , Corroto Fernando
Published: January 2022

Los bosques montanos tropicales poseen una gran diversidad, al estar constituidos por árboles con una distribución irregular. Se suelen encontrar acompañadas de plantas arbustivas y herbáceas, además de plantas epífitas y trepadoras, por lo que los ecosistemas montanos tengan una gran heterogeneidad. En la presente investigación, se estudió la vegetación de los parches de bosque montano adyacente al lago Pomacochas, un lago altoandino tropical afectado por eventos estacionales de lluvias y sequías de moderadas a fuertes, en el departamento Amazonas, en el norte de Perú. Se realizó un inventario en el cual se registraron 103 especies de plantas vasculares pertenecientes a 56 familias, colectadas en los parches de bosque montano adyacente al lago Pomacochas, a lo largo de 49 estaciones de muestreo provisional. Destacaron las especies nativas de Cinchona officinalis L. y Baccharis latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., por su importancia cultural y por ser las más afectadas por actividades socioeconómicas como la ganadería.
Caracterización fisicoquímica, funcional y reológica de harina de cáscara de maracuyá (Passiflora edulis SIMS)
Authors: Chuqui-Diestra Saúl Ricardo , Paucar-Menacho Luz María
Published: January 2022

La cáscara de maracuyá es un residuo agroindustrial que con valor agregado se puede utilizar en la industria alimentaria. Este trabajo tuvo por finalidad la caracterización fisicoquímica, funcional y reológica de la harina de cáscara de maracuyá (HCMr). Se realizaron análisis fisicoquímicos, funcionales y reológicos. El valor de humedad de HCMr fue de 11,25%, esta se encuentra dentro de las exigencias de las normas peruanas. Los valores de proteína (5,14%) son bajos comparados con harinas de cerelaes. El valor de fibra dietética total fue de 63,88%. Los valores totales de polifenoles y actividad antioxidante fueron 504,75 mg G.A.E./100g y 1520,49 µmol ET/100g respectivamente. El valor de capacidad de retención de agua ascendió a 12,93 ml agua retenida/g. Los valores reológicos fueron: 702 unidades farinográficas de consistencia con 14,02% de humedad. Con estas características obtenidas la HCMr puede utilizarse como ingrediente o sustituto alimentario y así obtener productos con bondades nutritivas importantes.