bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of fermented goat milk and powder milk using Lactobacillus plantarum and optimizing their antibacterial ability against enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Yurliasni  , Hanum Z , Muliawan F , Kardima A
Published: December 2019

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the quality of fermented goat milk using Lactobacillus plantarum and determine its antibacterial ability against enterobactericeae. The quality of fermented milk was evaluated through measurement of pH, lactic acid levels, protein content and total bacteria. The antibacterial ability was measured by inhibitory tests on enterobactericeae. The experiment was applied in a completely randomized factorial design with two factors, namely factor A, type of milk (goat’s milk and powder milk), factor B, level of Lactobacillus plantarum (2.5, 5 and 7.5%) and 3 equal replicates. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and continued to Duncan’s multiple range test to determine the difference between means at 1 % probability. The results indicated that milk type and L. plantarum levels had a very significant effect on pH, lactic acid levels, and the inhibitory zone width. There is an interaction between factors. Meanwhile the type of milk had very significant effects (P <0.01) on protein content and total lactic acid bacteria. In conclusion, fermented goat milk has better quality and antimicrobial ability against enterobactericeae than powder milk.
Hematological profile of sumba ongole cattle extensively reared in semiarid land, Sumba, NTT based on age and sex
Authors: Gaina C D , Sanam M U E , Nalley W M M , Benu I , Saputra A
Published: December 2019

Hematological parameters have provided useful information about the animal health status. The main objective of the study was to measure the hematological profile of Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle extensively reared in semi-arid land in Sumba, NTT. Blood samples from seventy-five animals were examined to measure its hematological parameters based on age and sex. Animal were grouped based on sex into male and female in the age groups 1.5 to 3 years (n=42), 3.5 to 4 years (n=23) and ≥ 5 years (n=10). Mean standard error values of all the hematological parameters for The SO cattle, both male and female cattle at different age of group were measured. Several hematological parameters, such as erythrocytes, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) level were significantly different (p<0.05) between male and female, while erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV were significantly different (p<0.05) within 3 groups of age. These results would contribute to better understanding of the hematological indicators for estimating the physiological status of Sumba Ongole cattle in Sumba and it can be used as valuable information for beef cattle reared with similar environmental condition, especially in semi-arid tropical climate.
Effect of pollard supplementation on probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus) growth and acidification rate
Authors: Mariana E , Usman Y
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to determine the effect of the addition of pollard as a potential prebiotic on growth and acidification rate of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) in fermented milk. The study was conducted by adding the pollard with concentrations 1, 3 and 5% in the fermentation medium with 15% skim milk. Observed growth parameters including the total number of probiotic bacteria, decreasing pH and increasing tetherable acidity during the fermentation process. The results showed that the addition of pollard speed up the fermentation time, accelerate the process of decline in pH, increasing the tetherable acidity and total number of probiotic bacteria. This study shows that pollard supplemented in fermented milk could enhance the growth characteristics of probiotics L. acidophilus.
Kinematics motility of frozen-thawed X and Y sperm of Sumba Ongole bull
Authors: Maulana T , Said S
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the kinematics motility of frozen-thawed Sumba sexed sperm of Ongole bull using snake head fish albumin (SFA) column method. The SFA was made by different concentration ratio of top and bottom fraction namely 2 and 4%; 3 and 5%; 4 and 6% respectively, and BSA 5 and 10% as control. Semen pellet was diluted with Optixcell CSS extender, then sexed sperms were filled in mini straw (0.25 mL) followed with equilibration at 4°C for 2-4 hours. Prefreezing was performed for 15 minutes then freeze in liquid nitrogen. Kinematics motility was evaluated using Computer Assisted Semen Analyzer (CASA: SpermvisionTM 3.7.8) in parameter of total motility, progressive motility, distance average path (DAP), distance curvelinear (DCL), distance straight line (DSL), velocity average path (VAP), velocity curvelinear (VCL) and velocity straight line (VSL). The results of showed that sperms X (top fraction) of SFA treatment after frozen have better kinematics motility parameter compared to Y sperms, in total motility 42.13-64.09%, progressive motility 38.7-62.01%, VCL 55.89-61.85 µm/s, VAP 102.53-110.14 µm/s, and VSL 42.19-45.33 µm/s. In conclusion sperms resulted using SFA treatment (X sperm) have higher kinematic reflecting higher fertility capacity compared to control group.
The evaluation of nutritive value and in vitro digestibility of Mulato grass (Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato) grown under mixed culture system with legume and horticulture plants on dry land
Authors: Maranatha G , Manu A E , Sobang Y U L , Samba F D , Pelokilla M R
Published: December 2019

This research is conducted to study the nutrient contents and the in vitro digestibility of Mulato grass (Brachiria hybrid cv. Mulato) grown under mixed culture system with legume-horticulture plants. The study used a completely randomized research design (CRD) consisted of four treatments and four replicates. Those treatments were (1) T0 = monoculture Mulato grass, (2) T1 = biculture Mulato grass with legume, (3) T2 = biculture of Mulato grass with horticultural plants, and (4) T3 = polyculture of Mulato grass with legume and horticultural plants. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed that treatment had significant (P<0.05) effects on Dry Matter (DM), Organic Matter (OM), and Crude Protein (CP) as well to the in vitro digestibilities of DM and OM of Mulato grass. It was concluded that nutritive value and in vitro digestibilties of DM and OM of Mulato grass were increased in a mixed culture system of Mulato grass with legume and horticulture plants.
A market chain analysis of interisland cattle trade into South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Hamdan A , Sumantri I , Hadi S N , Rohaeni E S , Yanti N D , Chang C
Published: December 2019

Local cattle production in South Kalimantan (KalSel) has been unable to meet the demand, thus live cattle were imported from other islands.. Cattle imports have increased in recent years, thus local smallholders are experiencing falling prices. The objectives of this paper are to understand the market chains of cattle trading from interislands, and to assess the cost competitiveness of local cattle to the imports. Methods used in this research are market chain and gross margin analysis. Key findings are: KalSel imported approximately 5000 head live cattle per month, mainly from NTT and NTB, followed by South Sulawesi and East Java; cattle from East Java were Limousin and other crossbreeds, other provinces supplied mainly Bali cattle; interisland cattle were traded based on price per kg and actual live weight, while local cattle were based on price per head and estimation of live weight; cattle from East Java was most price competitive, followed by NTT/NTB and then South Sulawesi; in terms of taste, beef from crossbreeds was better, followed by beef from Sulawesi, and then from NTT or NTB; and finally local cattle were cost uncompetitive because of the pricing method used, small scale production and low productivity.
Egg production of black and brown Japanese quails raised under battery cage system
Authors: Dzuriatmono S T , Widyas N , Cahyadi M , Wati A K , Dewanti R
Published: December 2019

The objective of this study was to observe the production traits of black and brown Japanese quails. The materials used were female black and brown Japanese quails originated from two distinct breeding farms. One hundred Japanese quails were divided into four types of line as treatments: Black1 (L1), Brown1 (B1), Black2 (L2), and Brown2 (B2). Each treatment consisted of 25 quails as replication. The experiment used commercial feed for both starter and layer periods. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The observed variables were body weight at 42 days, age at first egg, egg weight, and egg production. The data was analyzed with ANOVA, and differences among treatments was inspected using Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). Body weight and egg weight were significantly different among lines. Body weight in L2 and B1 populations were higher than L1 and B2 lines (P<0.05). In addition, higher egg weight was also found in L2 and B1 lines (P<0.05). Age at first egg-laying and egg production were not different among lines. These findings confirmed the presence of high variation among quails. A breeding strategy need to be developed to obtain quails with less diverse genetic background; thus, increase the farms’ management efficiency.
Characteristics of carcass and non-carcass in F1 population crossbred brown and black Japanese quails
Authors: Ali A , Dewanti R , Wati A K , Nuhriawangsa A M P , Cahyadi M
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate characteristics of carcass and non-carcass in F1 population crossbred brown and black Japanese quails. A total of 80 birds have been raised under the same feeding and management in battery cage system. They were divided into four groups based on type of crossing. Brown male quail and Black female quail crossing produced Brown layer lines (BL12 and BL21 lines), on the other hand Black male quail and Brown female quail crossing produced layer populations called LB12 and LB21 lines. The data observed was live body weight, carcass and non-carcass percentages, and abdominal fat percentage. The data was analysed using analysis of variance and if there were pairwise differences among lines Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) was performed. Significant differences among lines have been found for live body weight, carcass and non-carcass percentages. Live body weight in LB12 and LB21 populations were significantly higher than others (P<0.001). In addition, highest carcass percentage and lowest non-carcass percentage were found in LB12 population (P=0.0175 and P=0.0159, respectively). Abdominal fat percentage was not different among lines. In conclusion, F1 population of LB line had overall better live body weight, carcass and non-carcass percentages than BL lines.
Antibacterial activity and characterization of Annona muricata Linn leaf extract-nanoparticles against Escherichia coli FNCC-0091 and Salmonella typhimurium FNCC-0050
Authors: Maesaroh U , Martien R , Dono N D , Zuprizal
Published: December 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the characterization and inhibitory effects of Annona muricata Linn leaf extract loaded by chitosan nanoparticles on the growth of Escherichia coli FNCC-0091 and Salmonella typhimurium FNCC-0050. The chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate-nano particles (CS-TPP-NPs) were prepared by ionic cross-linking of CS-TPP and were characterized physico-chemically (particle size, zeta potential) and morphologically. Antibacterial activity of the CS-TPP-NPs-AmE was performed by well diffusion method. The optimum formula for CS-TPP-NPs was analyzed using centrifugation at 3,500 rpm for 30 min. A wide range, 1:1:0.02 to 1:1:0.01 of CS:AmE:TPP ratios were evaluated with constant CS. Data obtained for bacterial activities were statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The means between groups were separated with Duncan post-hoc test. The result showed that the optimum formula for CS-TPP-NPs of AmE was 1:1:0.01. The optimum formula of CS-TPP-NPs-AmE was characterized by particle size, zeta potential, and morphology. Results showed that the particle size of CS-TPP-NPs-AmE was 234.00 ± 21.5 nm with spherical shape and positive charges on their surface with the zeta potentials 34.77 ± 4.97 mV. CS-TPP-NPs of AmE in the ratio 1:1:0.01 has efficient antibacterial activities against E. coli FNCC-0091 and S. typhimurium FNCC-0050.
The effect of sex on nutritional status of post-weaned Bligon goats under controlled feeding management
Authors: Latifah  , Maharani D , Hartatik T , Warih A , Nurjannah A S , Kustantinah
Published: December 2019

Bligon is a crossbred goat that is widely raised in rural areas of Indonesia where goat farming is characterized by low productivity due to the low quality and availability of feed. The aim this study was to test the effect of sex on nutritional status of post-weaned Bligon goats under controlled feeding management. In total 16 post-weaned goats (age 4 months), were fed with the same diets that meet the basic requirements for goat maintenance. They were targeted to reach average daily gain (ADG) of 100 g. The diet contained 14.58% crude protein and 80.78% total digestible nutrient. All goats received 3% to 4% dry matter ratio of the body weight. Water was provided ad libitum. The variables observed were nutrient intake and digestibility, ADG, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). It was found that sex had a significant effect (p<0.05) on crude fiber (CF) intake, ADG and FCR, with mean values of 10.13±1.23 g/kg BW0.75/day, 80.62±25.11 g, and 5.88±1.69 in female goats, respectively, and 11.06±1.64 g/kg BW0.75/day, 132.25±27.71 g, and 3.61±0.62 in male goats, respectively. In can be concluded that sex affects CF intake, ADG and FCR of post-weaned Bligon goats.
Effects of cinnamon bark meal (Cinnamomum burmanni Ness ex Bl) as protein protection agent on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristic
Authors: Hadianto I , Yusiati L M , Bachrudin Z , Suhartanto B , Hanim C
Published: December 2019

This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of protein protection on diet contained cinnamon bark meal as cinnamaldehyde source on rumen fermentation characteristics and in vitro gas production kinetics. Five experimental diets (Pennisetum purpureum (60%): wheat pollard (30%): soybean meal (10%)) added with cinnamon bark meal equal to cinnamaldehyde level as much as 0, 200, 400, 600, 800 mg based on dry matter (DM) and each treatment was replicated for 3 times. Fermentation parameters were measured by incubating the sample in a rumen liquor buffer that was taken from a rumen fistulated Bali cattle using Menke and Steingass gas production technique. The gas produced was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h of the incubation. The kinetics of gas production was analyzed using the Fit Curve. Results of this experiment showed that there were no significant (P>0,05) different among treatments on the rumen fermentation characteristic (pH, NH3, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, and molar proportions of the main VFA), total gas production and kinetics of gas production. It was concluded that adding the cinnamon bark meal as cinnamaldehyde source was no adverse effects on rumen fermentation.
Potential of forage production on dry land agriculture with mixed cropping pattern
Authors: Suhartanto B , Widodo S , Kustantinah  , Lestari E S
Published: December 2019

Mixed farming system is an alternative to overcome the shortage of ruminants feed. This study aimed to observe the potential forage production in mixed cropping pattern on dry land agriculture. This research was conducted at the Agro Technology Innovation Center (PIAT) Universitas Gadjah Mada, from January until November. The research field size was 3.000 m2 divided into 2 blocks for monoculture and mix-cropping. During rainy season the sweet corn was planted on monoculture plot; on mix-cropping plot 1.000 m2 was planted with sweet corn and the rest was planted with Brachiaria brizantha, Arachis hypogaea, and Manihot utilissima. Gliricidia maculata is planted as a hedge that surrounds the mixed plot. After the first harvest, both plots were re-processed and planted with Arachis hypogaea. Forage sampling was done using the quarter method. The variables observed were the production of dry and organic matter of agricultural by-product, in vitro digestibility of dry and organic matter, and the economic income of the main crops. The data were analyzed using Independent sample t-test. The results showed an increase (P<0.05) of production, digestibility, and economic income with the existence of mixed cropping. Mixed cropping provides better production, digestibility and economic income compared to a single planting.
Fertility duration of commercial laying hen inseminated with native chicken semen
Authors: Asmarawati W , Kustono  , Widayati D T , Bintara S , Aji R N , Ismaya
Published: December 2019

Duration of fertility is one of the most influential factors to define the accurate frequency of artificial insemination to produce crossbred native chicken. This research conducted to determine the fertility duration of Commercial Laying Hen which inseminated using Indonesian Native Chicken Semen. Semen was collected from three rooster, 12-month-old, of native chicken, pooled and evaluated before dilution using physiological saline 0.85 % NaCl solution. Eight laying hens were inseminated at dose 75 x 106 per 0.1 mL for each, followed with eggs collection from 2nd day until 16th day after insemination then incubated for 21 days. The result showed that eggs fertility remained high for the first week and dropped during the second week after insemination. The average duration of fertility in laying hens inseminated was 6.5 days and the average percentage of egg fertility was 49.1 ± 18.9%.
Utilization of distillation waste of Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon nardus) as litter for reducing parasite diseases and its influence on broiler performance
Authors: Sabuna C , Wihandoyo  , Harimurti S , Nurcahyo R W
Published: December 2019

The study aimed to know the effect of lemongrass (C.nardus) distillation waste as litter floor in reducing Ascridia galli growth and in broiler performance. The study use of 175 day old chicken (DOC) that were divided into 5 treatments consist of 7 chickens each with 5 replications. Ascaridia galli eggs were challenged at 4 weeks old broiler with 100 eggs/bird. The data were analysed using Analysis of Variance followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that of lemongrass distillation waste as litter and anti-parasitic does not have significant effect on feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of broiler.
Antibacterial effects of essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus and Amomum compactum under self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS)
Authors: Ujilestari T , Martien R , Ariyadi B , Dono N D , Zuprizal
Published: December 2019

Microbial populations in the gastrointestinal tracts of broiler chicken can be modulated by herbal additives that contained phytochemical substances. Essential oils (EOs) have potential phytochemical compounds but are lipophilic and have low solubility in water. Therefore, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) might be one of the formulation strategies to improve the solubility of essential oils. In this study, the anti-bacterial activity of Cymbopogon citratus and Amomum compactum EOs by SNEDDS was conducted using disc diffusion method on Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Inhibition zone was found on both pure EOs and SNEDDS formulations. SNEDDS formulations of C. citratus and A. compactum EOs were effective against E. coli and S. typhimurium (P<0.05). C. citratus essential oil has the highest inhibition zone when compared to the other formulations, followed by A. compactum essential oil. On the other hand, SNEDDS formula of C. citratus and A. compactum essential oil showed similar antibacterial activity as tetracycline and penicillin antibiotics in inhibiting the growth of E. coli and S. typhimurium. It can be concluded that the use of SNEDDS formula of essential oil would be useful to reduce the population of pathogen in the intestine of poultry.
Analysis the development prospective of laying chicken-corn integration in West Java
Authors: Rahmawati T , Fuah A M , Arifin H S , Syukur M , Salundik
Published: December 2019

Poultry industry has an important value in the supply of animal protein for domestic consumption. Poultry industry development in West Java is facing many problems that threat the future of poultry business. This study analyzed key factors in laying hen industry integration with corn farming in West Java. Primary data were obtained by conducting field observations, interviews and questionnaires. Secondary data were obtained from relevant literatures. Data were analyzed using the strategic management concept approach, IFE matrix and EFE matrix, IE matrix and SWOT matrix, and decision-making stages using Quantitative Strategy Position Matrix. Results showed the total internal analysis score of West Java is 2,608 (average), while the external is 3,396 (high). West Java position is in quadrant II. The strategy for this area is an intensive strategy or integrative strategy. Based on the SWOT matrix, intensive strategy were including increasings the production capacity, the number of employees, and the use of technology for promotion. The integrative strategy was business diversification by selling feed and other livestock production facilities. The priority level strategies were (1) increasing the production capacity (2) increasing the number of employees (3) conducting business diversification, and (4) carry out promotions.
Induction of estrus by laser puncture exposure in Etawah Crossbred Does with the anestrus post-partum problems at different parities
Authors: Suyadi S , Susilorini T E
Published: December 2019

This study was conducted to induce estrus by laser puncture exposure in anestrus post-partum Etawah Crossbred goats, at different stages of parity. In total 38 does at parity 1 to 6 were treated by laser puncture in the reproductive acupuncture spots. The exposure of laser puncture was 10 sec per spot, for three consecutive days, on 17 reproductive acupuncture spots located at 1.5 cm lateral columna and lumbal vertebrae L1 to L7 and at vulva. Estrus was observed from day 1 until 11 days post exposure. Variable observed were exhibition, length and onset of estrus. As the result 76.32% of does were exhibit estrus. According to parity, percentage of estrus does was increase form parity 1 to 3, and slightly decrease form parity 4 to 6. Onset estrus was around 2 – 6 h in parity 2 to 3, while longer estrus was found in parity 4 to 6 around 6 – 13. Estrus length in parity 1 and 2 was 55 h, and it is shorter compared to parity 3 to 6 (>80 h). It was concluded that laser puncture able to induce estrus and cccording to parity, acceptable estrus was showed at parity 1 to 3 than 4 to 6.
Income over feed cost of Aceh cattle fattened with forage and concentrate in different levels
Authors: Koesmara H , Budisatria I G S , Baliarti E , Widi T S M , Nurtini S , Umami N , Ibrahim A , Atmoko B A , Vierman
Published: December 2019

Income over feed cost (IOFC) is needed to evaluate and analysis of beef cattle fattening enterprise. This study aims to determine the IOFC of Aceh cattle fattened with forage and concentrate on different levels. The research was conducted on May-August 2018 in Livestock Breeding Center of Aceh. Twenty males Aceh cattle aged 1.5 to 2.5 years were grouped 4 treatments based on different forage and concentrate levels (T1=100:0, T2=70:30, T3=50:50 and T4=30:70) and intensively kept for 3 months. Average daily gain, feed intake, feed conversion, feed efficiency, feed cost per gain and IOFC were calculated and statistically analyzed by one way of ANOVA, followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. The result showed that concentrate feed increased (P <0.05) the dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed efficiency. The feeding by concentrate (T2, T3, T4) decreased (P <0.05) feed cost per gain Rp.14,894 and increased (P <0.05) IOFC Rp.8,715. The feed efficiency and IOFC of T3 had the highest (P <0.05). The conclude our finding, farmers of Aceh cattle are benefited from feeding concentrate as a supplement in fattening. The best level of concentrate supplementation on forage feed is 50:50.
Evaluation of rumen microbial nitrogen supply in Batur sheep fed different ratio of concentrate-forage diets
Authors: Hanim C , Yusiati L M , Muhlisin
Published: December 2019

Concentrate-forage ratio may affect microbial nitrogen supply, thus it can be considered as one of feeding strategies in ruminant. This study evaluated the effect of different concentrate-forage ratio on rumen microbial nitrogen supply in Batur sheep. Twelve male Batur sheep aged 10-12 months were given three experimental diets in a one-way design using 14 d adaptation and 7 d collection periods. Experimental diets were concentrate (wheat pollard) and forage (Pennisetum purpuroides) offered with ratio of 20:80, 30:70, and 40:60 (w/w, DM basis). Total urine were collected for 24 h during collection period. Samples were analysed for allantoin, uric acid, xanthine-hypoxanthine, and purine derivatives. Feed and feed refusal were analysed for dry matter and organic matter. Concentrate-forage ratio tended to influence allantoin, xanthine-hypoxanthine, and purine derivatives excretions, as well as absorbed purine and rumen microbial protein synthesis. Feeding concentrate up to 40% significantly increased N urinary excretion (P<0.05). It indicated that concentrate level at 30% could fulfil animal protein requirement. Feeding concentrate-forage ratio 30:70 or 40:60 increased purine absorbed and microbial protein synthesis 2-3 fold higher than the ratio of 20:80. It is concluded that Batur sheep was efficient in utilizing degradable dietary N with concentrate: forage ratio of 30:70.
Rumen fermentation characteristics of Ongole crossbred bulls in response to different inclusion levels of dried cassava chips and palm kernel cake
Authors: Latiefah S , Noviandi C T , Agus A , Utomo R , Quigley S , Poppi D
Published: December 2019

This study determined the best proportion of dried cassava chips (local name: gaplek and palm kernel cake (PKC) with a fixed proportion of rice straw as assessed by rumen fermentation characteristics. Three rations were offered to 14 Ongole crossbred bulls (average liveweight at 200±20 kg). The rations were mixtures of rice straw, gaplek, and PKC at ratio of 20:70:10 (T1), 20:50:30 (T2), and 20:30:50 (T3). and 2% urea was added to each ration. Ruminal fluid samples were obtained 0 hours before feeding at week 14 to measure pH and analyze VFA, NH3-N, and microbial N concentrations. Rumen pH was not changing (range 7.1 - 7.5). The T2 and T3 treatments showed lower total VFA concentrations (P<0.05) than T1 treatment (71.6 and 70.3 vs. 88.4 mM, respectively). The highest NH3-N concentration (P<0.05) was shown by T2 and there were no significant differences between T1 and T3 treatments. The greatest microbial N concentration was shown by T3 treatment, and was followed by T2 and T1. It can be concluded that a high inclusion of gaplek caused no adverse rumen digestion characteristics. A safe combination of rice straw, gaplek, and PKC was at a proportion of 20:30:50.
Polymorphism study of BMP15 gene in Indonesian Goats
Authors: Maharani D , Elieser S , Budisatria I G S , Baturabara A , Sari A P Z N L , Hariyono D N H
Published: December 2019

Bone Moprogenetic Protein 15 (BMP15) is the family of Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) superfamily which essential for early ovarian folliculogenesis. The aim of this study was to detect the genetic variation within BMP15 gene in four Indonesian goat breeds. A total of 27 blood samples of Gembrong, Kosta, Samosir, and Kacang goats reared in Indonesia Goat Research Center Sei Putih, North Sumatera were collected. Sequence alignment using of 4 samples represent each breed has revealed one synonymous mutation in position g.735A>G (position number refer to GenBank JQ320890), which did not induce the change of lysine in position 135. Genotyping based on SNP g.735A>G was accomplished using BbsI restriction enzyme with PCR-RFLP method. All three genotype (AA, GG, and AG) showed in Gembrong, while in Samosir and Kacang goat the GG genotype was absent. Interestingly, Kosta goat only has AA genotype. The A allele (83%) was higher than G allele (17%), followed with AA (70%, n=19), AG (26%, n=7), and GG (4%, n=1) genotypes in all sample breeds. The hardy-weinberg equilibrium analysis resulted the sample population was not deviated (X2<5.59). It can be suggested the SNP g.735A>G might be used for further study in association the gene with reproductive traits in goat.
Identifying the stakeholders and sustainability indicators for sonok breeding system
Authors: Nugroho T , Maharani D , Widi T S M
Published: December 2019

Sonok contest is a cultural event involving cattle in Madura Island, Indonesia. Sonok breeding strategy and event are unique since they involve only the female cattle. Many stakeholders participate in the value chain. This study was aimed to identify stakeholders in Sonok breeding system and to determine sustainability issues and indicators. The study was conducted by a literature review and discussion with experts. The procedures are consisted of 3 phases, including problem definition, identifying and analysis relevant stakeholders, then determining Economic, Ecological, and Societal (EES) relevant issues. Next step, the EES issues were translated into sustainability indicators. As a result, there were two stakeholders, primary and secondary stakeholders. Primary stakeholders consisted of cultural groups, farmers, and policymakers. Secondary stakeholders consisted of local government, inseminator/veterinarians, butchers, and traders. Several issues were elaborated at the farm level. Economically benefit, manure use and human well-being were important issues. Selected sustainability indicators were farmer income, cattle growth and reproduction, manure production, feed availability, farm size, cultural value, and cattle/human health and disease. According to the result, the present stakeholders and sustainability indicators need to tested and confirmed with data to assess the sustainability of Sonok breeding systems.
New report of Hoverfly parasite Diplazon laetatorius (Fabricius, 1781) (Ichneumonidae - Hymenoptera) from Iraq
Authors: Kareem Ali A. , Abbas Manar A. , Aljaafari Raad K. , Al-Zurfi Sienaa M. , Mouhsan Zeina M.
Published: December 2019

The study has recorded the Hoverfly parasite Diplazon laetatorius (Fabricius, 1781) for the first time in Iraq. The material examined was from Karbala city, with coordinates 32.6068° N, 44.0104° E, 14.4.2019, 4 ♀. This ichneumonid wasp is imported for the biological control of pests. It is vital to increase awareness among Iraqi growers about the benefits of this ichneumonid wasp and probably included it in IPM.
First molecular identification of Fusarium oxysporum causing Fusarium wilt of Armenian cucumber in Iraq
Authors: Wafi AL-Taae Huda Hazim , Al-Taae Ali Kareem
Published: December 2019

Cucumis melo var. flexuosus, which is commonly known as Armenian cucumber is one of the most economically important species of the family Cucurbitaceae. In June of 2018, wilt symptoms were observed on Armenian cucumber plants in Fadhilia, Ninevah governorate, North of Iraq. The fungus was isolated from diseased tissues and initially identified based on, its morphological characterizations using conidial and hyphal structures. Pathogenicity of the fungus was also confirmed by Koch’s postulates. Molecular identification of the fungal pathogen was done by amplifying the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the conserved ribosomal DNA. All these ITS sequences showed homologous to those of Fusarium oxysporum isolates in the GenBank database with a similarity percentage of 99%. To the best of our knowledge this is the first molecular record of F. oxysporium on the Armenian cucumber in Iraq.
Effect the age of barley plant inoculated with Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) on grain yield and its control by seed treatment
Authors: Ali Hameed Hamoud , Abbo Fadhil Yousif
Published: December 2019

Field study was performed during the agricultural season of 2013/2014 at Al Hamdaniyya district in Nineveh governorate. The study included two approved varieties of barely cultivation; Iba’a 99 and Al Khair. These two varieties were artifically inoculated with Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), the infection was inflicted by resident aphids on two different stages of the crop growth (three leaves stage and tillering stage). The results showed that the loss in the crop yield due to the infection varied from one variety to the other and from one period of age to other during the infection. In addition, the results showed that using pesticide Gaucho (Imidacloprid) lowered the infection rate of BYDV in both varieties examined, in addition to increase of the production compared to the non-treated inoculated plants.
Report of some Eurytomid wasps (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) and their associated host plants from two provinces of Iran
Authors: Alsendi Ayad , Adelimaneshy Hamid , Sadeghi Seyed Ebrahim
Published: December 2019

The species of Eurytomidae family and their trophic associations with different plants were studied in two provinces of Iran (Hamedan and Lorestan). Seed-feeding Eurytomid wasps were reared from different plant seeds collected during 2008-2012. Totally 600 specimens of Eurytomid wasps were collected. Among them, 6 Eurytomid wasp species were identified as a new species for Iranian fauna and three species were described as a new species for science. Among 26 identified Eurytomid wasps, 18 species belong to Bruchophagus, 6 species to Systole and 2 species to Eurytoma. Moreover, 66 plant species are firstly indicated here as host plants for Eurytomidae species. Host plants that reported in this study belonging to Fabaceae, Apiaceae, and Lamiaceae.
The effect of adding Dill (Anethum graveolens) leaves powder in the diets of broiler on some physiological properties
Authors: Hammod A J , Areaaer A H , Gatea S M
Published: December 2019

The current study was conducted in poultry farm which belong to department of animal production, college of Agriculture, University of Kufa during the period from 11/3/2018 to 15/4/2018. The study included 3 standard treatment groups respectively containing 1, 2, 3 gm of Dill / kg of feed in addition to control group (0 gm/kg). 120 unsexed chicks (Ross 308) with one day of age were used with initial weight averaged 40.5 gm. Closed hall was used and divided into pens each pen about 3m2 of area and the chicks were distributed randomly in the four treatments with 30 chick for each treatment. Each treatment composed of three replicates (10 chicks each) distributed randomly in pens and the period continue till the 5th week of age. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of adding Dill (Anethum graveolens) leaves powder in the diets of broiler on some physiological properties. Results showed a significant effect of dill addition on PCV while no significant effects on hemoglobin, globulin, red blood cells, total protein, glucose and cholesterol.
The effect of controlled electrical stimulation (ES) on some of biochemical characteristics and wounds healing in induced diabetic rabbits.
Authors: Mahmood R M , Khafaji S S , Mohammed Q S , Gatea S M , Al-Bayati M M
Published: December 2019

The current experiment was aimed to explore the effect of electrical stimulation (ES) on glucose concentrations, cholesterol levels and triglyceride levels in blood and its effect on wound healing in intact and induced diabetes rabbits. 40th male rabbit divided to five treatment, T1 intact animal as control (positive control), T2 intact animal treated with (ES), T3 diabetic rabbits treated with (ES), T4 diabetic rabbit treated with insulin and T5 diabetic rabbits with no treatment as a negative control. Three sub groups were designed as well, T2*, T3*, T4* each one of them is the same main group but with artificial wound on some of its animals. the results were shown a significant decreasing p<0.05 in blood glucose concentration in T3 in comparison with T4 and T5. The cholesterol levels increased significantly p<0.05 in T4 in compared with T3. The concentrations of triglycerides recorded significant p<0.05 decreasing T3, T4 and T5 in compared with T1 and T2. In another hand the ES had a very obvious effect on wound healing in both T2* (intact animals) and T3* (diabetes animals) in comparison with T4* (insulin treated diabetes animals).
Effects of the probiotic miaclost (Bacillus subtilis and Entrococus feacium) on growth performance, hematological values and small intestinal morphology of broiler chicks
Authors: Aziz N H , Ahmed Z O H , Hassan A H , Mustafa N A
Published: December 2019

A total of 264, one-day old chicks were randomly dispensed into 4 groups to assess effects of the probiotic MiaClost (Bacillus subtilis and Entrococus feacium) on broiler performance, blood values and small intestinal morphology of broilers. Chicks in treatment groups T1, T2, T3 received 0.160 gm, 0.175 gm and 0.190 gm MiaClost per litre of drinking water respectively, whereas the control chicks received additives-free drinking water. Body weight, feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratios (FCR) were recorded on a weekly basis on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35. At end of the experiment, blood samples were collected from 12 birds in each group to determine some hematological values including RBCs count, WBCs count, haemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH and MCHC. In addition, small intestine biopsies were obtained to assess the small intestinal morphology. Significant proportional increase in level of feed intake was apparent in accordance with the increase in level of probiotics supplementation. No significant variation was apparent in the levels of FCR among chicks in different groups. Probiotics supplementation resulted in improvement in weights and weight gain of chickens. No significant variation was seen on hematological values among birds in all groups. A positive MiaClost’s effect was apparent on height & width of the intestinal villi and on depth of mucosal crypts in all treatment groups particularly treatment groups 2 and 3 in comparison with the control group. These results showed that the MiaClost supplementation in drinking water has improved the performance of broiler chicks and has enhanced the lining epithelial cells proliferation and increased the absorptive surface area of the small intestine.
Comparative study for the effects of locally prepared premix and other imported premixes in broilers carcasses characteristics
Authors: Lazim J S , Abbas R S
Published: December 2019

The study was conducted in the Poultry Farm in the Technical College AL-Mussayab during the period that began at the 1st of November 2016 till the 5th of December 2016, to investigate the effect of substitution imported by local premixes on carcass traits of broiler. A total of 540 one day old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used, chicks were randomly distributed into 9 treatments, with 2 replicates per treatment (30 chick / replicate). Chicks fed on the experimental rations by supplementation 25 Kg Premix / ton feed, treatments were as follows; T1 control (contained a local premix), T2, T3 and T4 were contained Wafi, Provimi and Max Care premixes respectively. More over T5, T6 and T7 were contained a local premix with Wafi or Provimi or Max Care at rate 50: 50 respectively, T8 contained imported premixes (Wafi, Provimi and Max Care at a rate 1/3 for each), T9 contained all studied premixes, local and imported at rate ¼ for each one, to cover the requirements of birds according to the age period. Results revealed significant differences between treatments in dressing percent to T6. Meanwhile treatments did not differ between them in the relative weight of the main and secondary carcass cuts except for the relative weight of the drum stick where the surpassing was recorded for T7 on other treatments.
Effect of foliar nutrition of nano-fertilizers and amino acids on growth and yield of wheat.
Authors: Al-Juthery H W A , Hardan H M , Al-Swedi F G. A. , Obaid M H , Al-Shami Q M N
Published: December 2019

A field experiment was carried out at the Extension farm in Province 41 of Husseiniya, Babylon Governorate to study the effect of foliar nutrition with some of nano-fertilizers and nano-amino acids on growth and yield of wheat cultivar Adana 99. The experiment included 8 treatments of Nano chelated super fertilizer (NCSF), nano-amino acids (AA), nano potassium K (NK),di (NCSF +NAA),(NCSF +NK), (NAA+NK), tri (NCSF +NAA+NK) and spray with water only as control for comparison with three replicates in a simple one-way experience using RCBD design. A number of growth criteria in plant and yield (quality and quantity) parameters were recorded. Results indicated that significant response is obvious due to spraying of NCSF followed by the spraying combined of di (NCSF +NAA),(NCSF +NK) and (NAA+NK) tri (NCSF +NAA+NK), treatments respectively in all growth and yield parameters of wheat with an increment of the spray foliar (NCSF) of 81.66 cm, 11.88 cm, 51.99 spad, 118.57,32.66,26.33 and 69.43 µg g−1 for plant height, length of spike, total chlorophyll, concentration of Fe, Cu,Zn and Mn in grain respectively compared to control treatment. The same treatment had grain yield and protein of 5.836 Mg ha−1 and 809.93 kg h−1 compared to control, harvest index were in the range (from 35.37 to 44.57 %) for control and tricombination spraying respectively. The highest grain yield and agronomic productivity was achieved when foliar nutrition of tri nano mixture of (NCSF +NAA+NK) (7.036 Mg h−1 and 2570kg kg−1).
Preparation of a Micro laminate of alginate and Cinnamon in LBL Technique and its use in Coating of Cheddar
Authors: Al-Mosowy A J , Khairi S R
Published: December 2019

This study was carried out to evaluate the preparation of five-layer microlaminates that were introduced by Layer By Layer (LBL) technique by the use of two solutions, namely, the sodium alginate, and the other antimicrobial agent is the Cinnamon extract. The scanning electron microscope was used to detect the thickness of prepared microlaminates. The thickness of the total alginate and Cinnamon microlaminate was 22.47 µm, The Zeta Potential voltage of the alginate solution reached -28.49 mV at pH = 7 and the Cinnamon extract was 28.69 mV, The WVP water permeability values for the microlayered PET film without any addition to the charged PET (treatment 1) and for the microlayered PET-charged for sodium alginate and Cinnamon extract (treatment 2) 29.091 g.m2/24h, OTR was obtained for the nanolayered with no addition of the charged PET (treatment 1), 14.78 ml / m2.day), and for the PET-charged, covered with sodium alginate and Cinnamon extract (treatment 2) 17. 95 ml / m2.day).Three treatments were made of cheddar cheese, the first treatment was covered with the paraffin wax as control M1, the second was covered with gelatin (M2) and the third was coated with a microlayered film consisting of the sodium alginate and the Cinnamon extract (M3). The results showed a significant decrease in the moisture content and the acidity of the treatment M3 and increase in the values of ADV during period storage, and using the Cinnamon extract in the microlayered was making it superior in the sensory characteristics of the comparison treatments.
Effect of plants extract in vegetative and flowering growth, aromatic and volatile oil extracted from Narcissus Narcissus daffodil L plant
Authors: Altaee A H
Published: December 2019

This study was carried out in the laths house of the Department of Horticulture and landscape design / College of agriculture and forestry / University of Mosul from 1/10/2018 to 1/6/2019. In order to study the effect of four types of plant extracts Licorice, orange peel, pomegranate peel, banana peel powder at (5 g, 10 g) per plant In the vegetative and flowering growth and the essential oil extract of Narcissus daffodil L. All extracts were added monthly to the soil compared with comparison treatment (without extract). It was observed that high levels of banana peel powder at 10 g. plant−1 was significantly higher rate in all vegetative and floral characteristics of the plant, plant height, leaf number, leaf length, percentage of chlorophyll and the number & length of flowers were reached 40.17 cm, 9.50 leaves plant−1, 24.90 cm, 70.53 spad, 4.18 cm, 36.37 cm respectively. In aromatic of oil characteristics, the same treatment (10 g. plant−1 of banana peel powder) gave the best results in the percentage of oil, quantity and qualitative weight of oil was 3.880%, 37.12 g. kg-1 and 0.836 respectively, while the oil Intensity was 0.827.
Changes in activity of polygalacturonase (PG), pectinesterase (PE) and cellulase (Cx) in pulp during fruit development of two ripening Jujube Ziziphus spp. cultivars
Authors: Abdulwahid A H
Published: December 2019

The activities of polygalacturonase (PG), pectinesterase (PE) and cellulase (Cx) were investigated in two jujube cultivars (Zatoni and Bambawi) during fruit development, The jujube fruit Zatwni and Bambawi cvs, displayed a double sigmoidal growth curve with very short stage II (2 weeks in Zatwni and 4 weeks in Bambawi cv.). the pectin content was high during early stage of fruit development, but declined gradually with fruit development and reached their lowest value when the fruit entered the ripening phase. The PG, PE and Cx were low level during early stages of fruit development, but there were rapid increase in these enzymes activity as the jujube entered variation stage, and maturity phase.
Biodegradation of (N-phosphonomethyl)glycine Utilizing Bacillus subtilis using different incubation periods
Authors: Mousa N K , Gatie I H. , Hasan A K
Published: December 2019

The study aimed to evaluat Bacillus subtilis biodegrdation one of organic-pesticides in different periods. Bacillus subtilis was isolated from Iraqi soils, identification by morphological and biochemical tests. The best growth of B. subtilis were in(72hours) / (10-15) ppm (0.200-0.196)respectively, while the 5 ppm showed the highest growth in 60 day (0.163). The best degradation rate% were for 15 ppm/14 days (90.32)%. The evluation of (N-phosphonomethyl)glycine residues concentration’s via HPLC and degradation ratio%, showed with increasing time incubation to 30 days, Bacillus subtilis degradation ratio% increased for (15)ppm, while the best 60 days / (25)ppm. From all the conclusion is that the B. subtilis used the Glyphosate as source for carbon and phosphorus and suggest could be well exploited for bioremediation of Glyphosate contaminated sites in 15ppm/30 days and 20 ppm/60 days.
Bio-degradation of crude oil using local bacterial isolates
Authors: Abdulla K J , Ali S A , Gatea I H , Hameed N A , Maied S K
Published: December 2019

Twenty seven hydrocarbon degrading bacterial isolates were isolated from five hydrocarbon contaminated sites. The study revealed a high efficiency of bacteria adapted to the biodegradation of hydrocarbons (petroleum) isolated from soil contaminated with oil residues. The isolates were examined for their hydrocarbon degradation in media supplemented with crude oil at five different concentrations 2% 3% 5%, 7% and 10% incubated for 5 different time intervals 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 days. The results indicated that all the isolates possessed potential to degrade the wide variety of hydrocarbons. The most efficient among them was SD1 which degraded most tested hydrocarbon (98%) showing maximum growth at 3.3 gm/l of biomass concentration and 15 days incubation. SD1 isolate was identified on the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics and confirmed with 16s rRNA sequencing. GCMS Analysis showed significant differences in the composition of hydrocarbons in Crude oil. It could be concluded that native flora of hydrocarbon contaminated site adapt to the environmental condition and could be implicated to remove hydrocarbons.