bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discussion on Huizhou Woodcarving Motifs and Redesign it in Modern Interior Design
Authors: Guang Fei
Published: August 2013

This paper explains how the concept of the Huizhou woodcarving motifs is associated with the ancient architecture which came under the influence of Chinese culture. The motifs created have been found to be adapted to Confucian thought. Generally, the Huizhou woodcarving motifs have its own guiding principles which the function and style combine strongly. Basically, the Huizhou woodcarving motifs can be categorized into decorative motifs or patterns which include flowers, birds, landscape, characters, living scene, mascots and so on. Discussion on the Huizhou Woodcarving Motifs is significative things. Redesign the motifs can preserve the traditional culture and improve art in China.
A Study on the Performance of Stratified Air Conditioning Design in Assembly Halls – A Case Study at the Dazhi Cultural Center in Taiwan
Authors: Hung Ian , Lin Hsien Te , Wang Yu Chung
Published: August 2013

This study focuses on the performance of air conditioning design at the Dazhi Cultural Center and uses a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to discuss the differences in wind velocity and ambient indoor temperature between all-zone air conditioning design and stratified air conditioning design. The results have strong implications for air conditioning design and can improve the indoor air quality of assembly halls.
Construction and Analysis of Personalized Air-Conditioning System
Authors: Hung Tsung Hsin , Chen Cheng Ho , Lin Jin Shyong , Chung Chien Wen , Luo Win Jet
Published: August 2013

This study applied the thermoelectric chip design and the establishment of the personalized air-conditioning system in the design of the single duct and double duct structures. According to the actual measurement results when the ambient temperature was 29°C, the air outlet temperature of the two structures was 22°C, 24°C respectively; the power consumption was 133W, 134W respectively. FLUENT was used to simulate the spatial flow field and temperature field for comparison to learn about the spatial temperature distribution status of the air-conditioning system.
Research on Protection Strategy for Architectural Heritage Area of pre-Qing Dynasty in China’s Liaoning Province
Authors: Wang Xiao Yu , Wang Rui , Xu Jin Hua , Jiang Jun
Published: August 2013

Heritage area is one of the newer protection modes for large-scale cultural heritage types in the world. This paper is in order to achieve the purpose of studying and protecting wholly for the pre-Qing architectural heritage area in Liaoning province. First of all, pre-Qing architectural heritage status will be investigated and systematically integrated, and pre-Qing architectural heritage area in Liaoning province will be constructed; and then the architectural heritage valuation will be analyzed and the protection and construction guidelines for the architectural heritage in this region will be built; finally, the overall regional protection programme will be identified for pre-Qing architectural heritage area as a whole, and the overall conservation planning and the key areas detailed conservation planning will be established. To protect the rich pre-Qing architectural heritage in Liaoning province with a heritage area mode, can be the integrity protection for heritage with its historical background and cultural context, its heritage value and carrier in this region. This protection mode which have outstanding and typical significance is that, it is not only helpful for Chinese heritage protection system to improve and expand, but also useful for revitalizing the urban and rural economy and protects the ecological environment of the northeast districts in China.
Analysis on the Selection of Working Fluid in the Small Diameter Gravity Heat Pipe - Based on a New Passive Technology
Authors: Ju Jian Liang , Zhang Zhi Gang , Zhang Wei
Published: August 2013

This paper discusses the suitable working fluid applying in small diameter (millimeter scale) gravity heat pipe theoretically. The working temperature, characteristics of material, heat transfer limit and thermal physical properties of working medium of the heat pipe were studied. It is concluded that each aspect capability of heat transfer of R717 is excellent, but its working pressure is a bit high; the synthesized capability of R134a is relatively ideal and can be chosen as the working medium.
Field Measurement on the Thermal Environment of Greenway in Guangzhou
Authors: Li Li , Zhao Li Hua , Chen Rao Chao , Zhou Xiao Qing , Xu Li Wei
Published: August 2013

To study the thermal environment of the greenway in Guangzhou, a field measurement was taken and a series parameters were measured such as air temperature, relative humidity (RH), the surface temperature of the underlying and the WBGT. The measurement studied the effect of grass, shrub, arbor and water to the different underlying pattern which were water permeable brick (WP brick), cement, asphalt and tile and discussed the design methods of the greenway thermal environment.
A Study on Actual Conditions of Residential Environment in Western Region of China Part 1. A Survey on Environmental Actual Conditions of the Residence in Sunan Yugur Autonomous County
Authors: Wang Yan , Yoshino Yasuko , Liu Jia Ping , Ikeda Koichi , Ichiyanagi Tatsunobu , Yang Liu , Qian Ye Bei , Kumada Kazuaki
Published: August 2013

We declare the intensity of solar radiation, UV strength, inside temperature, humidity, illumination intensity, IAQ field measurements for traditional houses and apartment house in order to evaluate their levels in the living environment in Sunan Yugur Autonomous County of Zhangye City, Gansu Province, China. This study has been conducted together with Professor Jiaping Liu, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology. We have directed at the climatic and residential environments and local residents of western China. It is founded on Japan-China joint research, built on physical measurements and questionnaire surveys that enable healthy and sustainable development, on the basis of assessment of the climate and environmental characteristics of western China. Additionally, the project aims at proposing convenient methods to protect people against the adverse health effects of climate change, looking at inhabitants. Focusing our attention on the state of housing in rural parts of Sunan County and on the characteristic abundance of natural energy resources, we set out to develop a new model for energy-efficient housing adapted to available natural energy sources. We are aiming to reduce household energy consumption and to promote greater environmental conservation.
Adsorption of Phosphorus by Ce-Modified Lithium Silica Fume
Authors: Lin Wei Lan , Gu Jin Chuan , Wang Wen Yuan , Wang Yu Heng
Published: August 2013

This is a study about using cerium ions solution to modify lithium silica fume and the phosphorus adsorption by the modified material. The way to modify lithium silica fume and adsorption conditions has been researched. It was found that capacity of adsorption have been improved after modification by the cerium nitrate. In the adsorption test, we studied the effects of the concentration of cerium ions, the calcination temperature, the dosage, initial pH value, reaction temperature and other factors on the adsorption. The results indicated that after modifications by 3% cerium ions , calcinations at 573k, the adsorption of phosphorus can get more than 90% when modified lithium silica fume dosage is 9.6g.l-1 and the concentration of phosphorus solution is 4 mg.l-1. In addition, the Freundlich adsorption isotherm is fit for the description of the phosphorus adsorption. The phosphorus adsorption process was in accord with pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
Design of a New Spacer Damper for Bundle Power Transmission Lines Dynamic Behavior Monitoring Based on Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor
Authors: Rui Xiao Ming , Ji Kun Peng , Yang Lei , Xia Ying Pei , Ren Zhi Zheng , Cao Yang
Published: August 2013

Galloping and ice shedding, two of significant dynamic damages to bundle conductors, are both typical three-degree-of-freedom vibrations, while few technique is studied on monitoring the torsion oscillation of the whole bundles and the sub-conductors. For the monitoring of the vertical, horizontal, and especially torsional oscillations, a novel type of spacer damper is developed, which can also detect the torsion motion of each sub-conductor, with consideration of the special configurations of bundle cables and integrated with fiber bragg grating sensors. Then, a distributed FBG network is introduced.
Effect of Niobium on Microstructure of X80 Grade Pipe Line Steels
Authors: Bao Dong Jie , Zhang Ji Ming , Lin Qing
Published: August 2013

Microstructure of high strength pipeline steels containing different Nb contents was investigated using optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Second phase particles were analyzed by extraction replica method. The results show that microstructure of the low Nb steel comprises granule bainite and the low bainite with a few of martensite-austenite (M-A) constituents. However, microstructure is consisted of acicular ferrite with M-A constituents in high Nb content steel. Moreover, M-A constituent is consisted of twinning martensite, lath martensite and retained austenite. In the low Nb steel precipitates are a large of square TiN particles. Second particles of high Nb content are mainly the large size duplex type (Nb,Ti)C and small NbC precipitates.
Effect of Washing Solution on Surface Morphology and Ash Content of Porous Carbon
Authors: Soltani Salman Masoudi , Yazdi Sara Kazemi
Published: August 2013

This work highlights the effect of post-washing stage on the surface morphology and ash content of the final porous carbon. Three different acids were selected to post-wash charred carbon including nitric, sulfuric and phosphoric acids. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface of the washed carbon was not much affected by acidic washing. Moreover, the amount of retained ash for the three acids (proximate analyses) showed that nitric acid-washed carbon could best remove surface ash from the charred carbon. Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) also showed the presence of various heavy metals and heteroatoms on carbon surface. The results suggest that nitric acid would be best among the investigated acids to remove our charred carbons surface ash. This would enable the synthesized carbon to be used in more sensitive applications. However, the available ash still needs to be reduced if the carbon is to target highly sensitive applications such as drinking water treatments.
Mix Design of Sup-13 Mixed with TOR and Crumb Rubber Using Dry Process
Authors: Zhu Xing Long , Jiang Dean
Published: August 2013

Pure crumb rubber asphalt mixture using dry process has certain requirement of mineral gradation with the potential disadvantage of uneven mixing under the traditional temperature. In this paper the gradation design of asphalt mixture Sup-13 mixed with TOR and crumb rubber using dry process was studied with the Superpave design method, pavement performance of asphalt mixture including high temperature stability, cracking resistance at low temperature and water stability was tested in the experiment. Results show that Superpave design method is suitable for the research on the asphalt mixture of TOR and rubber, with getting moving stability 3682 times/mm, failure strain 2573.8με, residual stability 84.8% and the ratio of freeze-thaw splitting 80.1%. The performance is so good to meet the requirements for asphalt pavement performance.
Spectroscopic Properties of New Yellow-Emitting Phosphor for LED Solid-State Lighting
Authors: Luo Li Jun , Hu Fen Fen , Wang Zheng Liang , Zhang Ying Jie
Published: August 2013

New yellow phosphors, Eu2+ and Zn2+ co-activated Sr3Al2O5Cl2, were prepared by solid state reaction technique, and their photoluminescent properties were investigated. Sr2.6Al2O5Cl2:0.20Eu2+, 0.20Zn2+ shows broadened the excitation band in near UV range and intense yellow emission under 400 nm light excitation by introducing into Zn2+. The single yellow light-emitting diodes were fabricated by combining InGaN-chips with Sr2.8Al2O5Cl2: 0.20Eu2+ and Sr2.6Al2O5Cl2:0.20Eu2+, 0.20Zn2+, intense yellow light can be observed by naked eyes from the yellow LEDs. Hence, the phosphor Sr2.6Al2O5Cl2:0.20Eu2+, 0.20Zn2+ may be applied in fabrication of phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes.
Simulated Fire Testing of a Real Building with EPS Exterior Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) Including Rock Wool Fire Barrier
Authors: Zhou Ning , Zhu Chun Ling , Bao Yu Ting , Ji Guang Qi , Qian Xuan Qing
Published: August 2013

In this paper, a three stories villa was build and furniture was arranged according to the actual usage condition. The scene that building caught fire and flames escaped from the window and spread upward along the facade cladding system was simulated to verify the actual effect of fire barrier. The results showed that the first fire barrier obviously prevented flame dispersing and can raise ETICS fire safe ability.
Comparison of Various Glulam in Physical Properties and Flexural Behaviors
Authors: Qiu Jing , Tong Jian Hong , Chen Li Hui
Published: August 2013

The glulam is determined by, and therefore a representation of, a new kind of ecological structural materials. The aim of this study was to summarize the mechanical performance especially the flexural behavior of various kinds of glulam and the physical properties of their relevant original timbers including pseudotsuga menziesii, larch, Yi poplar, poplar, China fir, mongolian scotch pine and camphor. And then it established and analyzed the relationship between the two to contrast those timber species so as to provide engineers with some reference in selecting timber glulam.
Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis for the Flexural Behavior of Concrete Beams Reinforced with CFRP-PCPs Composite Rebars
Authors: Liang Jiong Feng , Yang Ze Ping , Yi Ping Hua , Qiu Zhi Ming
Published: August 2013

The nonlinear finite element analysis for the flexural behavior of the concrete beams reinforced with CFRP-PCPs Composite Rebars,which was a new structural form, has been studied in ANSYS. The effects of material nonlinearities of concrete £¬steel rebar £¬CFRP rebar were considered in the analytic model. Load-displacement curves were received through calculation in this paper. Compared the present result with the experimental results has proved that the model provided is correct and convenient for the analysis of the beams.
Study on the Influence of Limestone Dust on Performance of Cement Mortar
Authors: Hang Mei Yan , Gao Meng , Lan Ying Jing
Published: August 2013

This paper use dust particles which is produced by crushing limestone to replace the same amount of cement in different proportions, study the performance of cement mortar, and determine the best dosage of limestone dust. Its size is less than 0.08mm. The result shows that limestone dust has water-reduce effect and does not reduce the strength of the mortar when the dosage of limestone dust is less than 12%. Meanwhile the addition of limestone powder can improve the shrinkage property and the durability of sulfate. It explains that limestone dust has a certain activity, not the inert material.
Influence of the Thickness Value on the Mechanical and Formability Properties of the CuZn37 Thin Sheet Metal
Authors: Brabie Gheorghe , Nanu Neculai , Jitaru Augustin
Published: August 2013

The increase of the degree of miniaturization of the mechanical systems leads to the increase of the production requirements for micro or mili parts made using the micro and milli deep drawing processes. In the case of micro or mili drawn parts, the foil thickness has an important influence on the intensity of the specific phenomena that occur during micro and milli cold forming and has also an important effect on the drawn part integrity or accuracy. The present study was focused on the investigation of the material behaviour, including mechanical properties and forming limit curve of CuZn37 when different thicknesses of foils are used. For this purpose, experimental determinations were made by using the following two values of the foils thickness: 0.1 and 0.2 mm. For each foil thickness, the mechanical properties and the forming limit curves (FLC) were determined and compared. The obtained results concerning the influence of the foil thickness on the material mechanical and formability properties shown that the level of the stress strain curve determined for the foil thickness having 0.1 mm is greater than in the case of foil thickness having 0.2 mm but the maximum strain and the anisotropy coefficients are lower. The level of the forming limit curves (FLC) in the case of foil thickness having 0.2 mm is greater than in the case when the foil thickness is equal to 0.1 mm.
Experimental Research on Quality Assessment of Ultrasonic Cleaning Process
Authors: Butu Larisa , Marinescu Marinela , Borda Claudia , Arsene Delicia , Slavchev Ivaylo
Published: August 2013

This article presents the way to determine the cleaning degree of the parts made of microelectronic parts. The cleaning degree of parts depends on: temperature of the cleaning medium, the cleaning liquid nature, cleaning liquid viscosity, time of cleaning. Primarily the choice of the cleaning mediums depends on the type of contaminant that needs to be removed from the cleansed object, respectively on the chemical that can attack these contaminants. The cleaning degree can be determined using two parallel methods, respectively: the method of mass loss and the method of microscopy. The method of weighting justifies the cleaning by mass loss, while the method of microscopy allows clear visualization and removal of any contaminants
Intensification of Finish Turning of Stainless Steels with the Use of Technological Cutting Fluids
Authors: Boguslavskiy Vadim , Ivchenko Tatiana , Polchenko Viktor , Navka Iliya
Published: August 2013

The low workability of special brands corrosion-proof, heat resisting and high-resistance steels and alloys, widespread in details and nodes of modern machines, causes high labour input and the cost price of their manufacture. In this connection probes of possibilities of heightening of capacity and lowering of the cost price of handling of these materials at the expense of improvement of working conditions of the cutting instrument and, in particular, at the expense of application of various technological cutting fluid (TCF). High temperatures in a workpiece range, arising because of low heat conduction of intractable materials, define necessity of probe of the temperature phenomena for a cutting zone. The further development of a technique of definition of temperatures is of interest for these aspects of materials in a cutting zone at use ТСF and the account of their influence on a choice of optimum conditions of cutting. Researches of limitations on the roughness of the treated surface and cutting temperature are executed, in-use during optimization of cutting regimes at finish turning stainless materials, including with the use of technological cutting fluid. Analytical dependences of optimum cutting serve and speed from the parameters of finish turning process are set, providing the quantitative estimation of possibilities of the cutting regimes increase due to application of TCF. The estimation of efficiency of TCF application is executed on the basis of coefficient of increase of the treatment productivity.
Photogrammetric Scanning Technique and Rapid Prototyping Used for Prostheses and Ortheses Fabrication
Authors: Ciobanu Octavian , Ciobanu Gabriela , Rotariu Mariana
Published: August 2013

Paper approaches the feasibility of manufacturing of some types of prostheses and ortheses by using the photogrammetric scanning technique, 3D reconstruction of anatomic surfaces and Rapid Prototyping with 3D printers. Photogrammetric scanning appears to be the most cost effective technique but has some limitations in the reconstruction of anatomic surfaces. There are presented and discussed the processing steps used in the fabrication of a foot orthesis and of a prosthetic ear.
Researches about Mechanical Characteristics of some Steels Resistance Spot Welded
Authors: Chirileanu Marius Ioan , Gheorghiu Diana Antonia
Published: August 2013

This work studies the influence of resistance spot welding (RSW) process upon the mechanic characteristics of three steel grades: S235JR, galvanized S235JR and austenitic stainless grade 304L. The variable parameter was the welding current. Constant parameters were the pressure (6 bars) and the welding time (5 cycles). Micro hardness and tensile-shear resistance tests were done. Welded joint hardness profile reveal a relative softer nuclei surrounded by the hardest zone and a progressive decrease throughout the heat affected zone (HAZ) to the unaffected material. The shear resistance depends upon the welding intensity as well as metal grade.
Investigation Concerning Maximal Forming Depth of Tailor Welded Blanks Made from same Material but Different Thickness Ratios
Authors: Albut Aurelian
Published: August 2013

The formability of tailor welded blanks is significantly reduced compared with the homogeneous blanks. Some of the important factors that are behind this fact are: material property changes in the weld and the heat-affected zones, non-uniform deformation because of the differences in thickness, properties and/or surface characteristics and location and orientation of the weld with respect to the direction of application of load. The objective of this resarch work is to establish a relation between thickness ratio and maximal forming depth in TWBs made from same material but having different thickness. For the numerical simulation it was considered a rectangular workpiece with dimensions: 147,8mm x 147,8mm. Depending on the thickness value of the blank, the design of the working tools must be modified the dimensions of the punch using the same die for all simulations. During the simulation the FLD predict de forming behaviour of the metal sheet. For this study there was not a statistically significant relationship between maximal forming depth and thickness ratio of the tailor welded blanks. But it was possible to generate fitted models, that are parabolic relations, starting with the maximal forming depth for ratio 1 (homogeneous sheet), when the ratio increases, firstly the maximal forming depth decreases until one point where the tendency changes and lately increases, and the maximal forming depth achieves values even higher than the initials. Also it can be said that the thicker is the thin sheet the closer is the parabolic fitted form.
Research on Producing Complex Metal Parts with Lattice Structure by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Mager Voicu , Bâlc Nicolae , Leordean Dan , Dudescu Mircea Cristian , Fockele Mathias
Published: August 2013

This study evaluates the manufacturability and performances of periodic cellular lattice structures designed by repeating a cubic unit cell and produced by SLM using titanium powder. The effects of unit cell size on the manufacturability, density, compression and bending properties of the manufactured cellular lattice structures were investigated. Lattice structures manufactured with various unit cell sizes ranging from 0.5 to 1.2 mm could be produced free of defects by the SLM process, with a novel type of supports. By the increasing of the cell size, a decrease of the applied load together with an enhancement of the flexure extension were observed. Specimens with a cell size higher than 1 mm manifested an excellent flexibility by flexure tests.
Direct Moulding of Rubber Granules and Powders from Tyre Recycling
Authors: Quadrini Fabrizio , Bellisario Denise , Santo Loredana , Hren Ivica
Published: August 2013

SMART project (Sustainable Moulding of Articles from Recycled Tyres) is a research project financed by the European Commission with the aim of developing a new moulding process of granules and powders from tyre recycling without any addition of virgin rubber or linking agent. The so called “direct moulding” is a compression moulding process which is directly applied to rubber particles from tyre grinding. After one year of activities, the new moulding process has been deeply investigated and some results are reported in the current work for the first time. Rubber granules and powders were produced by GumiImpex (partner of the European project) thanks to different technologies: particles from tyre grinding and buffings from tyre machining. Different size distributions of rubber particles and buffings were used to produce rubber sheets with the size of 200x200x5 mm3 at the temperature of 160°C and the pressure of 3 MPa by using aluminium moulds. Tensile specimens were extracted from the sheets and tensile tests were performed and related to sample density and particle properties. Rubber densities over 1 g/cm3 have been reached for all the samples with ultimate tensile strength and maximum elongation up to 1 MPa and 80%, respectively. These mechanical data are very promising in comparison with properties of polyurethane bound rubber composites. Increasing moulding pressure and temperature would lead to higher mechanical properties, if necessary.
Drying Process Modelling for Heavy Clay Products Using a New Thin Layer Drying Model
Authors: Vasić Miloš , Radojević Zagorka
Published: August 2013

Drying results, determined on samples made of masonry clay from the locality "Banatski Karlovac", are presented in this study. Experimental investigations were carried out in a laboratory recirculation dryer in which drying parameters (humidity, temperature, and velocity) could be programmed, controlled and monitored during drying process. Several mathematical models were used for drying process modelling. New semi-theoretical thin layer drying model, for heavy clay products, was developed and presented in this study. It represents a modification of Page's and logarithm's thin layer drying models. Results presented in this study have shown that new thin layer drying model describes and correlates the best experimentally determined drying process.
Researches Regarding Ti/W/TiC Triple Layers Deposition on the Ferritic-Pearlitic Cast Iron Support, Obtained by Electro-Spark Deposition Method
Authors: Nejneru Carmen , Perju Manuela Cristina , Axinte Mihai
Published: August 2013

This paper contains a layer characteristics analysis layer thickness, chemical analysis, surface quality-for the triple deposition with Ti, W and TiC on the ferritic-perlitic cast iron support, using electro-spark deposition method. The resulted surface quality by electro-spark deposition method is dependent by the quality and chemical composition of the electrode. The obtained layer was realized by multiple successive depositions, using different electrodes to combine the beneficial characteristics of the part surface with the appropriate succession.
Preliminary Results of Copper Based Shape Memory Alloys Analyze Used for MEMS Applications
Authors: Cimpoeşu Nicanor , Ursanu Adela Ioana , Stanciu Sergiu , Cimpoeşu Ramona , Constantin Boris , Paraschiv Ciprian , Gurlui Silviu Octavian
Published: August 2013

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are commonly used in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). Having the unique shape memory, super-elastic affects and now damping capacity SMAs have become an important smart material for a broad range of engineering applications in last years. Copper based SMAs are promising alloys, based on the obtaining price and good characteristic properties. Shape memory alloys as thin films are used for fast actuation in applications due to their high surface to volume ratio comparing to bulk SMAs. In this paper two shape memory alloys based on copper, proposed as targets in different deposition processes to obtain MEMS and with different chemical composition, are analyzed through scanning electrons microscope (SEM), XRD and EDAX considerations after water quenching and recovery heat treatments. The martensite variants are dimensioned and 3D aspects are also analyzed for both metallic materials. The metallic phases obtained after heat treatment are determined and compare in both thermal influenced cases.
Researches on Mechanical Proprieties of Wooden Materials Used in Furnishings Production
Authors: Butnar Lucian Adrian , Cioban Horia
Published: August 2013

The paper presents researches made to determinate mechanical proprieties, maximum deformations and proprieties homogeneity of some wooden materials frequently used for furnishing component elements and also of new wooden material composite. These materials are used by companies as alternate material, substitute for natural wood. Knowing of these information makes possible a correct sizing and designing of component elements. So furnishing produces may have a high quality obtained with minimum fabrication costs.
Robot-Forming - An Incremental Forming Process Using an Industrial Robot by Means of DELMIA Software Package
Authors: Chera Ionut , Bologa Octavian , Racz Sever Gabriel , Breaz Radu Eugen
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this research is to present an alternative method for manufacturing sheet metal parts using an asymmetric incremental forming process by means of an industrial robot. This method is based on designing, simulating and generating the toolpath for the tool attached to the robot using DELMIA software package. The proposed approach allows users to check for system collisions, robot joins limitations and singularity problems. After a comprehensive simulation of the movements of the robot is performed, the program code can be generated by means of a specific DELMIA function. The program can be used afterwards to control the robot during the experimental work. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of robot-forming, a truncated pyramid sheet metal part was manufactured using a custom made stand and with the help of a KUKA KR6 anthropomorphic robot.
Alternative Method for Segmenting Digitized Data in Reverse Engineering
Authors: Nagit Gheorghe , Mihalache Marius Andrei
Published: August 2013

The study aims to propose an alternative method of segmentation of digitized data. It begins by layering the item's surface. It analyzes the nodes inside a point cloud to detect any consistent shape change. If one detected, then it holds it and looks for the next one which may describe a possible shape change. The points between those two are classified and marked as part of the shape change curvature line. The method remembers the marked points and holds them as central nodes which will later form reference regions. It uses normal vectors behavior methods to detect shape changes along X and Y axis. As any other direction would not be detectable by the bi-dimensional approach it then introduces a morphological parameter capable on its own to fully describe the curvature variation of a given item's surface by means of Gauss's curvature. To evaluate curvature variation, the method proposes that the central node's curvature should be compared with every found limit points. Because of the noise present in any points cloud it establishes a threshold value beyond which points may describe accurately any shape change. This procedure takes place for all analyzed reference regions and collects only those who have a greater value than the threshold one. This considerations may be extrapolated to other types of geometries as well, as it is the case with cylinders or cones.
Constructing 3D Surfaces from Random Sets of Points by Means of Level Curves
Authors: Cazacu Razvan , Grama Lucian
Published: August 2013

This paper proposes an easy approach to obtaining 3D surface models in parametric CAD software products from random sets of points, based on the analogy of level curves from geodesic disciplines. The points could be obtained from measurements on existing mechanical parts, as a stage in reverse engineering processes, or can be defined arbitrary in space, as part of the design process. The present research shows that good approximations of the true surface can be obtained by measuring a relative small group of carefully selected points and constructing level curves, following the same procedure as in the case of topography. The instrument to build level curves is an original application developed for AutoCAD using VB.NET which allows the user to construct the level curves parallel to the xy plane for any number of points in space. We tested the application on more set of points sampling the same surface, obtaining the level curves in AutoCAD and using these to build the final 3D model. The surfaces obtained this way were then compared to draw some conclusions regarding the influence of the number of sampled points on the precision of the model.
Graphical Representation of Solids - An Important Issue in Teaching Technical Drawing
Authors: Clinciu Ramona
Published: August 2013

The proposed paper presents applications developed in 3D Studio MAX programme. These applications have frequent use in teaching technical drawing and they illustrate, by means of the mapping techniques developed and by the animation facilities of this programme, the methods for constructing and modelling different types of parts and their appropriate orthographic projections, being a helpfull tool for enabling the development of the spatial abilities of the students.Graphical representation of solids is very important in teaching technical drawing and the applications developed on this purpose combine the facilities of 3D Studio MAX program the rendering, mapping and animation techniques with the experience of the author in teaching graphical subjects. In the applications developed Multi/Sub-Object materials are defined and assigned to different surfaces of an object for illustrating and emphasizing the appropriate features of any type of part that is usually met in engineering. The increased realism of the scenes created in the above mentioned programme help students understand the shapes of solids and to corroborate the orthographic projections of parts with the three dimensional view of the parts considered.The applications presented help students increase their spatial abilities, by helping them understand the connection between the orthographic projections of a part - the minimum number of projections needed for defining the part, and the appropriate 3D/axonometric projection of the part. At the same time, the applications presented enable the explanations to be more attractive for the students, such as to increase their interest in the subject.
3D Parametric Modeling for Complex Parts Generation
Authors: Stan Constantin , Zapciu Miron , Paraschiv Marius , Ungureanu Mihai
Published: August 2013

The complex parts, like block engine or inside panel door, represent a real challenge for 3D modeling with modern parametric 3D CAD systems if we intend to reuse the modeling for future modifications. The complexity of the part generates a large number of parameters and parametrical dependencies that is difficult to manage and even difficult to change for modifying the part, often, for big changes, making it easier to remodeling the part from the beginning. In this paper is presented a new method of parametric and hierarchical 3D modeling that allows easy future modifications of the part. This paper also presents the implementation of this new method in Catia V5 and the validation for a number of CAD models.
3D Measuring of Complex Automotive Parts by Multiple Laser Scanning
Authors: Voicu Adrian Catalin , Gheorghe Ion Gheorghe , Badita Liliana Laura , Cirstoiu Adriana
Published: August 2013

Three-dimensional scanning is available for more than 15 years, however there are few that have heard of it and as few people know the applications of this technology. 3D scanning is also known as 3D digitizing, the name coming from the fact that this is a process that uses a contact or non-contact digitizing probe to capture the objects form and recreate them in a virtual workspace through a very dense network of points (xyz) as a 3D graph representation. Based on this information have been developed many new applications in many fields - computer games industry, prosthetics or forensic medicine, the arts and culture area - but the most common area where scanning systems are used remains the automotive industry, aircraft and consumer goods. Most automotive manufacturers currently use 3D metrology based on optical or laser systems to validate products quality. The pieces are initially measured by 3D scanning then they are compared with the designed model (CAD file) using a specialized software. By this comparison producer can interfere very quickly in the manufacturing process to remove the cause of defects, this technique being called Reverse Engineering (RE). The overall accuracy of a 3D acquisition system depends above all on the sensors precision and on the acquisition device (acquisition with contact) or acquisition structure (acquisition without contact). This accuracy may vary from micron to millimeter and the acquisitions size from a few points to several thousand points per second. In a perfect world or in an integrated production environment, 3D measuring systems should be able to measure all the necessary parameters in a single step without errors, and to render the results in the same way to the manufacturing networks equipped with computers, in formats useful for machines control and processes management.
Study of Cooling Parameters Using Fluid Jet in Milling Process Simulation
Authors: Nedelcu Dragoş Iulian , Olaru Ionel
Published: August 2013

Milling machines are important in machinery industry that requires an appropriate cooling is mandatory in the milling process. This paper is focused on the development of cooling system in order to simulate the action of cooling fluid on a plane plate processing. Furthermore, that study is important in milling process for the improvement of surface characteristic values regarding operability of the internal cooling supply and the implementation in milling process.
Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of a Human Knee Orthotic Device
Authors: Catana Marius , Tarniţă Daniela , Tarnita Dan
Published: August 2013

In order to improve the quality of human walking, the present paper is analyzing a 3D virtual model for an orthotic device which is subjected to an optimization process based on dimensional, geometric and material criteria. For geometric modeling of the human knee joint were used the embedded applications: DesignModeler, SpaceClaim under AnsysWorkbench software package and for the orthotic device it was used ProEngineer application. The orthotic device is designed to rehabilitate people with knee problems, especially for the osteoarthritis affection. The geometric model of the joint shows a 50 tilt in varus, the joint beeing affected by osteoarthritis in the medial compartment. Using Ansys simulation environment, the virtual assembly joint orthois has been subjected to a nonlinear analysis based on the contacts and on the materials used. The proposed orthotic device seeks to improve the quality of walking by minimizing the loads from the knee joint, also on cartilage and on the menisci. Finally there are beeing compared the results obtained for normal knee, OA knee and OA knee-orthosis assemblies.
Dimensional Stability Analysis of Unconventional Treated Steel Bearings
Authors: Gheorghian Mirela , Caliman Radu
Published: August 2013

One of the most important characteristics of the element bearings behaviour evaluation is the dimensional stability in time. The structures resulting in conventional thermal treatments are characterized by a major instability along time. Structural changes cause dimensional changes for both austenite and martensite transformations. Residual austenite transformation generates an increase in volume while the martensite transformation decomposes when volume decreases. Research has shown that cryogenic treatment and steel tempering in ultrasonic field applied to bearing steels have a positive influence on the dimensional stability. In what the dimensional stability concerns, the heat treatment below 0°C acts specifically on those sources of strain that have a maximum contribution to further parts dimension modification, especially on the transformation of austenite into martensite. It would have been better if the amount of austenite that remained after quenching at room temperature had been higher and the steel contained more carbon and alloying elements [.
A Numerical Study of the Partial Slip Elliptical Contact under Fretting Conditions
Authors: Spînu Sergiu , Gradinaru Dorin
Published: August 2013

The technologically important elliptical contact undergoing fretting is simulated using previously advanced state-of-the-art numerical tools. The influence of contact ellipse eccentricity on various contact parameters is assessed. An analogy with the circular contact is found when tractions equations are written in dimensionless coordinates in case of similarly elastic materials. However, when an elastic mismatch is introduced, the stick area no longer follows proportionally the established contact area.
Measuring System Analysis of the Video Equipments for Quality Measurements and Quality Control in the Automotive Industry
Authors: Orzan Iulian Alexandru , Buzatu Constantin
Published: August 2013

Verification of each dimension in time and in quality is a problem that can have serious effects over the production rate and the costs of each company. Machine vision it can be defined as machines with their own set of eyes. Using their vision, machines inspect products for defects by detecting the presence or absence of parts, taking measurements, reading codes, etc. In this paper is presented an alternative solution to verify the dimensions and position or presence of the assembly parts according to each specification and the measuring capabilities for the video equipment used in the practical example in order to decide how suitable the video equipment is for serial production and influences over the quality measurement and quality control.
Mathematical Modeling of Thermocurrent Parameters for Roughness Assessment in Turning
Authors: Cîrstoiu Carmen Adriana
Published: August 2013

This paper presents three linear models which allow a real-time diagnosis of the roughness of turned surfaces through thermocurrent. The factorial designs combined with the regression techniques were applied. The work shows that the feed has the dominant effect among the cutting parameters on the surface roughness. It also demonstrates that the cutting speed and the feed exercise a pronounced influence on the thermocurrent, thereby assessing indirect but real-time the roughness of turned surfaces with some controlled cutting regimes.
Structural Analysis of a Flange Coupling without Clearance
Authors: Zahariea Danut
Published: August 2013

In this paper the flange coupling without clearance will be analyzed using CATIA Generative Structural Analysis workbench. The structural analysis procedure will be presented: creating the 3D model, configuring the mesh, applying the restraints, applying the loads (torque), applying the interaction conditions (driving flange-bolts and nuts, bolts and nuts-driven flange), running the numerical analysis and results visualization. Two different systems will be analyzed: the first is a six bolts flange coupling working in nominal conditions, the second is a five bolts flange coupling working in some failure conditions with only five bolts distributed in a six holes flange coupling. In certain conditions the flange coupling design allows the same torque to be transmitted by six, but also by only five bolts. However, the non-uniformity of the five bolts distribution around the six holes flanges will generate some other unwanted phenomena. In this case all the stress and deformations will be non-symmetrically and for the flange coupling that is a rotating coupling this can be one reason for beats phenomenon.
Research on Accidental Defects to Bearings of Mining Equipment
Authors: Ciofu Cristian Florin
Published: August 2013

By means of the material presented in this paper, we want to approach an unfavourable aspect frequently met in the surface mining exploitations of Oltenia coal basin. The excavation installations in these coal quarries are submitted to difficult work conditions: dust (fine mineral particles having the size of maximum 10μm or even less) [2], low temperatures (in winter-30°C), a corrosive atmosphere (acid underground waters, sulphates, gas resulted from coal extraction such as SOx generated when roasting the abscesses, the nitrates), etc.[2,6]. By the construction, both the marching mechanism and these articulations of the installation extensions are built on the concept of sliding bearing.
Crashing Behaviour Analysis of TWB Thin-Walled Structures with Various Cross-Sections
Authors: Ciubotariu Vlad Andrei
Published: August 2013

This paper investigates the crashing behaviour of thin-walled structures having various cross-sections subject of dynamic axial loading. The aim is to understand the collapse mode formation, energy absorption behaviour and progressive buckling phenomenon regarding TWB thin-walled structures. Three different cross-section shapes were used for this study as it follows: circular, hexagonal, rectangular. In the fabrication process of the structure itself, homogeneous materials are often used but an attractive solution for the automotive companies is materialized by the use of tailor welded blanks.
In this paper, the impact crashing procedure was performed using a custom impact setup and the non-linear finite element platform LS-Dyna V4.0. After these analyses it can be concluded that a correlation between the number of folds and the mean load and the weld line could be made. The number of folds tends to increase as the mean load also increases. The weld line has an important role in the collapse mode formation and the values of the mean load.
Organization of Production Processes through the Multi-Service Method by Performing some Identical Operations of the same Duration and Structure
Authors: Grigorescu Ioan Lucian , Bălan George
Published: August 2013

Organisation of production processes, by means of multi service method refers to the performance of attributions within a working system, using simultaneously or successively more inputs or more items in a single means of production, by one or more employees. In the specifically chosen case, in order to outline the advantages that shall be obtained after implementing the multi service method, we want to illustrate a situation where there are the execution conditions of certain identical operations, with the same duration and structure, in which case the running time of the performer and the means of production will be identical. Serving multiple machines finds application in all industrial branches and within them in several types of technological processes. For all these technological processes, the possibility of working at several machines and the technique of its organization depend on the preparation and general organization of production and its planning.
Improving Maintenance Activities of Machine Tools
Authors: Deneș Calin , Grecu Valentin
Published: August 2013

The paper follows the current trends in the field of maintenance, proposing approaches that fit in the concept of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). First it is presented a new proposal for tracking in-service machine tools. This is based on the identification of three operating states: good running condition, state of repair and stationary state. During the stationary state there are differentiated two distinct types of stops: natural stays and unproductive stays (those who often produce considerable losses).
Based on the information contained in the records made for tracking the operation of machine tools there are proposed formulas for calculating some operational indicators and practical ways of using modern methods for the maintenance management of machine tools and for making preventive maintenance activities that lead to increased efficiency of machine tool operation.
The proposals presented in this paper are applicable to all manufacturing companies and generate best practices that can be implemented in various industries.