bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sertifikasi Halal dan Sertifikasi Non Halal pada Produk Pangan Industri
Authors: Hidayat Asep Syarifuddin , Siradj Mustolih
Published: March 2016

As a commodity, food has a very large role in improving national food image in the international community and foreign exchange at the same time. However, food safety must be considered seriously. The enactment of Act Halal Product Guarantee (UUJPH) aims to provide comfort, security, safety, and the certainty of availability of halal products for people to consume and use the products; moreover, people get peace in consuming and using those goods. Certification and labelling on food products are a measurement and controlling, so it avoids consumers’ determination and dangers.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i2.2864
Penggunaan Perjanjian Buku dalam Transaksi Bisnis Menurut Hukum Islam
Authors: Munthe Abdul Karim
Published: March 2016

Contract is the basic point of a transaction, including the transactions in Islamic economic. The rapid development of Islamic economics forcesan adaptation of economic contract in accordance with the development of society. Standard contract is a common form for printing an agreement. It is a contract that has been set unilaterally by the company. Theoretically, standard contract is accepted both in positive law in Indonesia and Islamic law (based on habitual or ‘urf. Standard contract should consider legal protection for both parties, especially consumers. Standard contracts should create justice, equality and prioritize the concept of khiyar.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i2.2865
Penyelesaian Sengketa Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia
Authors: Ichsan Nurul
Published: March 2016

This article discussed the settlement of disputes that occur within the Islamic economic institutions (LES). Before being taken to the court, the case of the dispute between the customer and Islamic banking can be solved by consensus or reconciliation (ishlah). Other choice is arbitration Indonesia through sharia arbitration institution called as BASYARNAS (National Arbitration Board). This is what made the different between conventional banking and Islamic economic institution in Indonesia. In Indonesia, there is now also a new provision regarding the institution of the Religious Courts. Although it not optimal implementation, It serves adjudicate disputes that occur between the customer and Islamic banks.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i2.2867
Gagasan Menyatukan Umat Islam Indonesia Melalui Kalender Islam
Authors: Azhari Susiknan
Published: March 2016

This article discussed many kinds of Islamic calendar in Indonesia, including Muhammadiyah, PBNU, Indonesia Taqwim Standard, and Islam PERSIS calendar. The results found each calendar has a different system in the initial launch of lunar month. Data reckoning found for 19 years (2015-2033) that it is differences possibilities for eight times. To resolve this discrepancy, the authors offered mutakamil Hilaltheory as a middle way between wujudul hilal and visibility, so the distinction has to be completed and the Eid can be universally implemented.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i2.2869
Poligami dan Sanksinya Menurut Perundang-undangan Negara-negara Modern.
Authors: Muhibbuthabry Muhibbuthabry
Published: March 2016

One of the interesting themes of Islamic family law reform is the legal status of polygamy. Almost all Muslim countries make efforts to narrow the space for the practice of polygamy by providing sanctions for the doers, including Tunisia, Pakistan, Egypt, Syria, Malaysia, and Indonesia. This article tries to discuss and analyze this case by making a comparison between the laws of family law in some countries—such as Tunisia, Pakistan, Egypt, Syria, Malaysia, and Indonesia—and the concept of classical fiqh. The study shows that even though each of these countries has the same spirit of renewal, they practice different reform issues related to polygamy. It can be clearly seen in the diversity of forms of sanctions for the doers of polygamy.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i1.2891
Kritik Atas Pemikiran Abdullahi Ahmed An-Naim Tentang Distorsi Syariah terhadap HAM
Authors: Sapiudin Sapiudin
Published: March 2016

In liberal studies, Sharia and human rights are two issues that are often opposed to distort the role of sharia in solving human right cases. In his writings on sharia and human rights issues, Abdullahi Ahmed an-Naim often applies rational rules as the source of truth and human values as a goal, but he excludes the role of Islamic law and its interpretation. Naim states that the human right problems in the world can not be solved by the sharia but can only be solved by secular laws. For example, the practice of slavery and discrimination against women and non-Muslims ethnic is a subjective conclusion that is counter productive to the role of sharia. Therefore, this conclusion is unacceptable and is necessary to have objective assessment. It is really clear that sharia is glorious and never distorts human rights at all.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i1.2893
Perpaduan Syariah dan Budaya dalam Resolusi Konflik.
Authors: Komaruddin Koko
Published: March 2016

In harmonious and zero intolerance society, conflicts can still potentially occur. The cause of the conflict can be caused by many variables, such as politics, culture, religion, and economics. Research shows that in cases of multipurpose building, Hok Tek Bio temple, in Ciamis, the dominant factor of conflict is the different interpretation of the concept and implementation of sharia on houses of worship and diversity. Understanding sharia which puts theology as the basis of the diversity of the key religious figures of the Forum for Religious Harmony (FKUB) Ciamis, the Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI), and the local community around the temple become strong force to be conflict resolution. The combination of sharia values understanding of Muslim leaders in FKUB, MUI, and the community and the cultural values of the Sundanese people in Ciamis can play as togetherness bond in harmonious life. Therefore, the model of civic pluralism that combines sharia and culture as local wisdom becomes an effective conflict resolution model.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i1.2900
Work–Life Balance, Burnout, and Satisfaction of Early Career Pediatricians
Authors: Starmer Amy J. , Frintner Mary Pat , Freed Gary L.
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Data describing factors associated with work–life balance, burnout, and career and life satisfaction for early career pediatricians are limited. We sought to identify personal and work factors related to these outcomes.

METHODS:

We analyzed 2013 survey data of pediatricians who graduated residency between 2002 and 2004. Dependent variables included: (1) balance between personal and professional commitments, (2) current burnout in work, (3) career satisfaction, and (4) life satisfaction. Multivariable logistic regression examined associations of personal and work characteristics with each of the 4 dependent variables.

RESULTS:

A total of 93% of participants completed the survey (n = 840). A majority reported career (83%) and life (71%) satisfaction. Fewer reported current appropriate work–life balance (43%) or burnout (30%). In multivariable modeling, excellent/very good health, having support from physician colleagues, and adequate resources for patient care were all found to be associated with a lower prevalence of burnout and a higher likelihood of work–life balance and career and life satisfaction. Having children, race, and clinical specialty were not found to be significantly associated with any of the 4 outcome measures. Female gender was associated with a lower likelihood of balance and career satisfaction but did not have an association with burnout or life satisfaction.

CONCLUSIONS:

Burnout and struggles with work–life balance are common; dissatisfaction with life and career are a concern for some early career pediatricians. Efforts to minimize these outcomes should focus on encouragement of modifiable factors, including health supervision, peer support, and ensuring sufficient patient care resources.
Financing Graduate Medical Education to Meet the Needs of Children and the Future Pediatrician Workforce
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC WORKFORCE, Rimsza Mary Ellen , Hotaling Andrew J. , Simon Harold K. , Keown Mary E. , Marcin James P. , Moskowitz William B.
Published: March 2016

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) believes that an appropriately financed graduate medical education (GME) system is critical to ensuring that sufficient numbers of trained pediatricians are available to provide optimal health care to all children. A shortage of pediatric medical subspecialists and pediatric surgical specialists currently exists in the United States, and this shortage is likely to intensify because of the growing numbers of children with chronic health problems and special health care needs. It is equally important to maintain the supply of primary care pediatricians. The AAP, therefore, recommends that children’s hospital GME positions funded by the Health Resources and Services Administration be increased to address this escalating demand for pediatric health services. The AAP also recommends that GME funding for pediatric physician training provide full financial support for all years of training necessary to meet program requirements. In addition, all other entities that gain from GME training should participate in its funding in a manner that does not influence curriculum, requirements, or outcomes. Furthermore, the AAP supports funding for training innovations that improve the health of children. Finally, the AAP recommends that all institutional recipients of GME funding allocate these funds directly to the settings where training occurs in a transparent manner.
Comparative Study of Folic Acid and α-Naphthoflavone on Reducing TCDD-Induced Cleft Palate in Fetal Mice
Authors: Yuan Xingang , He Xiaomeng , Zhang Xuan , Liu Cuiping , Wang Chen , Qiu Lin , Pu Wei , Fu Yuexian
Published: March 2016

Objective

To compare the effect of folic acid (FA) and α-naphthoflavone on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced cleft palate in fetal mice.

Design

Pregnant mice were randomly divided into seven groups. The mice treated with corn oil were used as a negative control. The mice in the other six groups were given a single dose of 28 μg/kg TCDD on GD 10 by gavage. For FA treatment, TCDD-treated mice were also dosed with 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg FA on GD 10, while for α-naphthoflavone treatment, the mice received a single dose of 50 μg/kg or 5 mg/kg α-naphthoflavone on GD 10.

Main Outcome Measures

Fetal mice palates were imaged using light and scanning electron microscopy on GD 13.5, GD 14.5, and GD 15.5, and cleft palate were recorded on GD 17.5. The expression of guanosine diphosphate dissociation inhibitor (GDI) in fetal mice palate on GD 15.5 was examined by immunohistochemistry.

Results

TCDD successfully induced cleft palate. Ten mg/ml FA and 5 mg/ml α-naphthoflavone significantly reduced TCDD-induced cleft palate. FA and α-naphthoflavone partly reduced TCDD-induced cleft palate but did not affect the expression of Rho GDI.

Conclusions

FA and α-naphthoflavone may reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species, inhibit MEE apoptosis through anti-oxidation, and increase filopodia and MEE movement. This may result in restoration of the ultrastructure of the palatal surface to a normal state, leading to the fusion and formation of complete palate in TCDD-treated fetal mice.
Tessier 3 Cleft in a Pre-Hispanic Anthropomorphic Figurine in El Salvador, Central America
Authors: Aleman Ramon Manuel , Martinez Maria Guadalupe
Published: March 2016

In 1976, Paul Tessier provided a numerical classification system for rare facial clefts, numbered from 0 to 14. The Tessier 3 cleft is a rare facial cleft extending from the philtrum of the upper lip through the wing of the nostril, and reaches the medial canthus of the eye. The aim of this document was to describe a pre-Hispanic anthropomorphic figurine dating from the classic period (200 A.D.–900 A.D.), which has a Tessier 3 cleft. We also discuss the documented pre-Hispanic beliefs about facial clefts.
Influence of Carrier Water pH, Hardness, Foliar Fertilizer, and Ammonium Sulfate on Mesotrione Efficacy
Authors: Devkota Pratap , Spaunhorst Douglas J. , Johnson William G.
Published: March 2016

Carrier water pH, hardness, coapplied foliar fertilizer, water conditioning agents, and plant height are critical considerations for optimum herbicide performance. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of carrier water pH (4, 6.5, and 9) and zinc (Zn) or manganese (Mn) foliar fertilizer on mesotrione for horseweed and Palmer amaranth control. Additionally, effect of carrier water pH and foliar fertilizer was evaluated on 7.5-, 12.5-, and 17.5-cm tall horseweed. Greenhouse treatments consisted of carrier water pH and foliar fertilizer (Zn, Mn, or without fertilizer); or water hardness (0 to 1,000 mg L−1) in the presence or absence of ammonium sulfate (AMS) for mesotrione control of giant ragweed, horseweed, and Palmer amaranth. Mesotrione activity was greater on horseweed with carrier water pH 6.5 compared to pH 4 or 9. Coapplied Zn fertilizer reduced mesotrione activity on Palmer amaranth in the field study in 2014 and horseweed in the greenhouse study. Mesotrione efficacy was greatly influenced by horseweed height. Percent control ranged from 96 to 99%, 75 to 89%, or 61 to 64% with mesotrione applied on 7.5-, 12.5-, or 17.5-cm tall horseweed, respectively, and results were similar for plant height and dry weight reduction. Increasing carrier water hardness from 0 to 1,000 mg L−1reduced mesotrione efficacy 28, 18, and 18% (or greater) on giant ragweed, horseweed, and Palmer amaranth, respectively. The addition of AMS enhanced mesotrione efficacy 9, 6, or 9% (or greater) for giant ragweed, horseweed, and Palmer amaranth control, respectively. Mesotrione should be applied at near neutral carrier water pH, hardness < 200 mg L−1, and with AMS for achieving optimum weed control.
Integrating Neurocounseling into the Counseling Profession: An Introduction
Authors: Russell-Chapin Lori A.
Published: March 2016

This special issue on neurocounseling offers diverse examples of the integration of neuroscience into the practice of counseling. These introductory remarks define neurocounseling, neurotherapy, neurofeedback, self-regulation and therapeutic life changes. Examples of each are offered to assist the readers in better understanding how teaching, practicing and researching the physiological underpinnings of many mental health concerns expands the skills and efficacy of all counselors.
Neuroeducation: Integrating Brain-Based Psychoeducation into Clinical Practice
Authors: Miller Raissa
Published: March 2016

Understanding and integrating neuroscience research into clinical practice represents a rapidly growing area in mental health. An expanding body of neuroscience literature increasingly informs clinical practice by validating theory, guiding clinical assessment and conceptualization, directing effective interventions, and facilitating cross-disciplinary communication. Little attention, however, has been given to the use of neuroeducation with clients. In this article, the author provides mental health counselors with a definition of neuroeducation and a rationale for incorporating neuroeducation into clinical practice. The author identifies common neuroeducation topics and offers activity suggestions to illustrate their use in counseling. Finally, the author offers best practices for implementing neuroeducation, including attention to counselor competence, client readiness, and neuroscience of learning principles. Implications for research are also discussed.
The Inflammatory Hypothesis of Depression: Implications for Diagnosis and Practice
Authors: Hall Sean B. , Jones Laura K. , Tyson Larry , Woods Kristen , Keltz Amber
Published: March 2016

Research is beginning to offer new insights into the physiological mechanisms that underlie the complexities of major depressive disorder (MDD). Additionally, several lines of research have begun to link stress and inflammation to symptoms of depression (Lotrich, 2015; Slavich & Irwin, 2014). This manuscript will summarize the existing literature from medicine, public health, and neuroscience to review the neural, physiological, and molecular pathways that underlie the relationship between stress, inflammation, and depressive symptoms. Implications for counseling will be discussed.
Developing a Specialty in Neurofeedback: Decision Points
Authors: Chapin Theodore J.
Published: March 2016

This article reviews several important considerations in making the decision to develop a specialty in neurofeedback (NFB). These include: interest in expanding one's clinical expertise in neuroanatomy and neuroscience; aptitude for work with computers, software and equipment; and ethical considerations such as boundaries of practice, qualification, skillful practice, specialty supervision and continuing education. It also reviews important practical issues such as program design and focus, promotion, billing challenges and costs of training, supervision, equipment and supplies. The article then concludes with a brief discussion of the potential value of a NFB specialty to clients, counselors and the counseling profession.
Exploring Internet Addiction as a Process Addiction
Authors: Carlisle Kristy L. , Carlisle Robert M. , Polychronopoulos Gina B. , Goodman-Scott Emily , Kirk-Jenkins Andrea
Published: March 2016

Internet addiction is an emerging global problem with inconsistent nomenclature, diagnostic criteria, and assessment tools. This review explores the complex and conflicting reports of Internet addiction in the literature in an effort to pinpoint the status of this phenomenon. We cite literature related to process additions in order to provide a framework for Internet addiction’s potential place amongst diagnosable disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5). Clinical implications of working with people with Internet addiction are emphasized, as is the need for future research.
Status of the permeability of hematosalivary barrier in oral mucosa with lichen planus
Authors: Чуйкин С. , Chuykin S. , Акмалова Г. , Akmalova G. , Гильманов А. , Akmalova G. , Гареев Е. , Gilmanov A.
Published: March 2016

The aim of the work was to study the permeability of hematosalivary barrier for mineral elements and the assessment of its role in the pathogenesis and clinical course of lichen planus of the oral mucosa. A total of 231 people were surveyed, which are divided into 6 groups depending on the clinical form of the disease and a control group. The concentrations of the mineral elements (zinc, copper and magnesium) in the blood serum and oral liquid are identified by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. For each mineral element calculated coefficient ratio to reflects the operation of the hematosalivary barrier, which is the ratio of the concentration in the blood serum and oral fluid. Patients with oral lichen planus were found a violation of the permeability of hematosalivary barrier for some mineral elements, which is important in the pathogenesis of the disease. It appears as opposite changes of the mineral composition of blood serum and oral fluid, which have correlation with the severity of the clinical course of the disease. With increasing severity of the clinical course observed a significant decreasing of zinc, copper and a statistically significant increasing of magnesium in blood serum and oral fluid, which aggravates the severity of the clinical course of the oral lichen planus.
Analysis of frecuency and structure of diseases tooth`s solid tissuesof patients applied in dental clinics of Tumen
Authors: Мусина Л. , Musina L. , Брагин А. , Bragin A.
Published: March 2016

In this article has carried out analysis of patient card in Tumen»s dental clinics. It was revealed dependence of solid tissues's distruction on age and gender.
Efficiency orthopedic treatment of patients with acquired defects maxillofacial of mini-implants
Authors: Нуриева Н. , Nureyeva N. , Кипарисов Ю. , Kiparisov Y.
Published: March 2016

Treatment of postoperative defects of the upper and lower jaw is one of complex challenges of orthopedic stomatology. The objective often is complicated by restriction of opening of a mouth and cicatricial changes of a mucous membrane. Reliable fixing the rezektsionnykh and the forming artificial limbs is the key to success of the subsequent continuous prosthetics. Besides it is an important stage of early, postoperative rehabilitation of patients.
A Review on The Perpetrators of Child Abuse
Authors: Santhosh K. R.
Published: March 2016

An analytical review of the studies related to the perpetrators of child abuse revealed that each minimal unit of human being has the potential to perpetrate. However, this potential need not be activated in the individuals who have good value strengths.  Identification of the factors that would make an individual either stronger or vulnerable is yet to be revealed.  However, this cannot be evaluated in a dichotomous manner, because it is multidimensional.  Notably, the vulnerable individuals are a risk of the society, for it may generate a victim at any instant.  There is a gap in the current literature regarding the methods that could be introduced to reduce the vulnerability to perpetrate.  To fill this gap, first thing that has to be done is to have a shift in focus.  Current literature is giving more focus on strengthening the potential victims.  Instead, methods to intensify the value strengths of the perpetrators are to be focused here after.  A model that may become the base of such an approach is designed and presented on the basis of Values in Action classification.
Use of an Autogenous Connective Tissue Graft to Treat Peri‐Implantitis With Gingival Recession Affecting an Implant Supporting an Overdenture
Authors: Mahn Douglas H.
Published: March 2016

Introduction: Bone loss associated with peri‐implantitis can result in exposure of the implant surface. A lack of keratinized mucosa has been associated with increased plaque accumulation, attachment loss, and mucosal recession. This case report describes the benefits of connective tissue (CT) grafting in the treatment of peri‐implantitis and gingival recession affecting an implant supporting an overdenture. To the best of the author's knowledge, there are few clinical case reports depicting this treatment for implants supporting overdentures.

Case Presentation: A 75‐year‐old female was diagnosed with peri‐implantitis associated with an implant that supported a mandibular overdenture. The bone loss and gingival recession was on the facial aspect of the implant. The roughened threaded surface of the implant was exposed, and there was an absence of facial keratinized mucosa. Peri‐implant therapy included surgical access to debride the area and decontaminate the implant surface using a 3% hydrogen peroxide rinse. This site was then treated with CT grafting using an autogenous CT graft. At the completion of treatment, the implant site was found to be healthy with greatly improved implant coverage and an increased keratinized tissue width.

Conclusion: The use of an autogenous CT graft can be an important part of treatment of peri‐implantitis when there is gingival recession and a lack of keratinized mucosa.
Aloin Inhibits Interleukin (IL)‐1β−Stimulated IL‐8 Production in KB Cells
Authors: Na Hee Sam , Song Yu Ri , Kim Seyeon , Heo Jun‐Young , Chung Hae‐Young , Chung Jin
Published: March 2016

Background: Interleukin (IL)‐1β, which is elevated in oral diseases including gingivitis, stimulates epithelial cells to produce IL‐8 and perpetuate inflammatory responses. This study investigates stimulatory effects of salivary IL‐1β in IL‐8 production and determines if aloin inhibits IL‐1β−stimulated IL‐8 production in epithelial cells.

Methods: Saliva was collected from volunteers to determine IL‐1β and IL‐8 levels. Samples from volunteers were divided into two groups: those with low and those with high IL‐1β levels. KB cells were stimulated with IL‐1β or saliva with or without IL‐1 receptor agonist or specific mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors. IL‐8 production was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MAPK protein expression involved in IL‐1β−induced IL‐8 secretion was detected by Western blot. KB cells were pretreated with aloin, and its effect on IL‐1β−induced IL‐8 production was examined by ELISA and Western blot analysis.

Results: Saliva with high IL‐1β strongly stimulated IL‐8 production in KB cells, and IL‐1 receptor agonist significantly inhibited IL‐8 production. Low IL‐1β–containing saliva did not increase IL‐8 production. IL‐1β treatment of KB cells induced activation of MAPK signaling molecules as well as nuclear factor‐kappa B. IL‐1β−induced IL‐8 production was decreased by p38 and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor treatment. Aloin pretreatment inhibited IL‐1β−induced IL‐8 production in a dose‐dependent manner and inhibited activation of the p38 and ERK signaling pathway. Finally, aloin pretreatment also inhibited saliva‐induced IL‐8 production.

Conclusions: Results indicated that IL‐1β in saliva stimulates epithelial cells to produce IL‐8 and that aloin effectively inhibits salivary IL‐1β–induced IL‐8 production by mitigating the p38 and ERK pathway. Therefore, aloin may be a good candidate for modulating oral inflammatory diseases.
Neuropilin Controls Endothelial Differentiation by Mesenchymal Stem Cells From the Periodontal Ligament
Authors: Amorim Bruna R. , Silvério Karina G. , Casati Márcio Z. , Sallum Enilson A. , Kantovitz Kamila R. , Nociti Francisco H.
Published: March 2016

Background: Periodontal ligament (PDL) has been reported to be a source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).New vascular networks from undifferentiated cells are essential for repair/regeneration of specialized tissues, including PDL. The current study aims to determine potential of CD105+‐enriched cell subsets of periodontal ligament cells (PDLSCs) to differentiate into endothelial cell (EC)‐like cells and to give insights into the mechanism involved.

Methods: CD105+‐enriched PDLSCs were induced to EC differentiation by endothelial growth medium 2 (EGM‐2) for 3, 7, 14, and 21 days, with mRNA/protein levels and functional activity assessed by: 1) real‐time polymerase chain reaction; 2) Western blotting; 3) fluorescence‐activated cell sorting; 4) immunohistochemistry; 5) immunofluorescence; 6) matrigel; and 7) small interfering RNA assays.

Results: Data analyses demonstrated that EGM‐2 treated PDLSCs presented increased expression of EC markers, including: 1) CD105; 2) kinase domain‐containing receptor; and 3) Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1, and were able to form cord/tube‐like structures. Gene and protein expression analysis showed that neuropilin 2 (NRP2), a key factor for vascular development, was significantly downregulated during EC differentiation. NRP2 was constitutively expressed in mouse PDL tissues by immunohistochemistry analysis, and NRP2 knockdown in CD105+‐enriched PDLSCs resulted in increased cord/tube‐like structures in a matrigel assay.

Conclusion: These findings demonstrated the potential of CD105+‐enriched PDLSCs to support angiogenesis, and NRP2 as a pivotal factor regulating this process.
Antimicrobial Agents Used in the Treatment of Peri‐Implantitis Alter the Physicochemistry and Cytocompatibility of Titanium Surfaces
Authors: Kotsakis Georgios A. , Lan Caixia , Barbosa Joao , Lill Krista , Chen Ruoqiong , Rudney Joel , Aparicio Conrado
Published: March 2016

Background: Chemotherapeutic agents (ChAs) are considered an integral part of current treatment protocols for the decontamination of titanium implants with peri‐implantitis, based on their antimicrobial effect. Despite the proven antimicrobial effect of ChAs on titanium‐bound biofilms, previous studies have elucidated an unexpected disassociation between bacterial reduction and biologically acceptable treatment outcomes. In this study, the authors hypothesize that ChAs residues alter titanium physicochemistry and thus compromise cellular response to decontaminated surfaces.

Methods: Grit‐blasted acid‐etched titanium disks were contaminated with multispecies microcosm biofilms grown from in vivo peri‐implant plaque samples. To simulate implant decontamination, the contaminated disks were burnished with 0.12% chlorhexidine, 20% citric acid, 24% EDTA/1.5% NaOCl, or sterile saline and assessed surface physicochemical properties. Sterile untreated surfaces were the controls. The biologic effects of decontamination were assessed via cell proliferation and differentiation assays.

Results: Bacterial counts after decontamination confirmed that the ChAs were antimicrobial. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy invariably detected elemental contaminants associated with each ChA molecule or salt that significantly altered wettability compared with controls. Notably, all surfaces with ChA residues showed some cytotoxic effect compared with controls (P <0.05). Increased cell counts were consistently found in the saline‐treated group compared with chlorhexidine (P = 0.03). Interestingly, no association was found between antimicrobial effect and cell counts (P >0.05).

Conclusions: ChA‐specific residues left on the titanium surfaces altered titanium physical properties and adversely affected the osteoblastic response irrespective of their observed antimicrobial effect. Chlorhexidine may compromise the biocompatibility of titanium surfaces, and its use is not recommended to detoxify implants. Sterile saline, citric acid, and NaOCl‐EDTA may be proposed for use in the treatment of peri‐implantitis. Contrary to previous studies that recommended the selection of ChAs for the decontamination of titanium implants according to their antimicrobial effects, the present study demonstrated that the restoration of the biocompatibility of contaminated titanium surfaces is also contingent on the preservation of titanium material properties.
Measurement of Rice Filled Grain Percentage Based on Grain Shadow Features
Authors: Liu Tao , Ji Chengxin , Wu Wei , Chen Wen , Yang Bingzhen , Chen Chen , Sun Chengming , Zhu Xinkai , Guo Wenshan
Published: March 2016

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield can be quantified by measuring the number of ears per square meter, grain number per ear, percentage of filled grains (PFG), and 1000‐grain weight, of which PFG is an important yield parameter. Therefore, it is pivotal to improve the measuring efficiency of PFG. The objective of the present study was to construct an automatic method for measuring PFG using the shadow features of grains. Filled grains can be distinguished from unfilled grains by their shadow characteristics under lamplight. Image segmentation algorithms were used to extract rice grains and shadows. Learning vector quantization neural networks then classified rice grains based on their shadow characteristics. To improve the flexibility of the measurement system, 19 typical rice cultivars were used to train the networks. Sixteen cultivars from two subspecies were selected to validate the new PFG measurement method, and the results showed that the PFG measured by the new method was closely related to the PFG measured by the water‐float method. The correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.952 (P < 0.01). Shadow characteristics showed a significant difference between filled and unfilled grains. We concluded that shadow traits of rice grains could be used to discriminate filled and unfilled grains. The new PFG measurement method is a reliable method to estimate the PFG of rice and also shows great potential to improve the efficiency of trait evaluation in rice breeding and cultivation.

The percentage of filled grains of rice was measured.

Characteristics of grains’ shadow were used to identify filled and unfilled grains.

Grain shadow characteristics values were extracted by image processing technology.

Artificial neural network model is a valuable tool for grain classification.
Development and Deployment of a Portable Field Phenotyping Platform
Authors: Crain Jared L. , Wei Yong , Barker Jared , Thompson Sean M. , Alderman Phillip D. , Reynolds Matthew , Zhang Naiqian , Poland Jesse
Published: March 2016

Accurate and efficient phenotyping has become the biggest hurdle for evaluating large populations in plant breeding and genetics. Contrary to genotyping, high‐throughput approaches to field‐based phenotyping have not been realized and fully implemented. To address this bottleneck, a novel, low‐cost, flexible phenotyping platform, named Phenocart, was developed and tested on a field trial consisting of 10 historical and current elite wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) breeding lines at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). The lines were cultivated during the 2013 and 2014 growing cycle in Ciudad Obregon, Mexico, and evaluated multiple times throughout the growing season. The phenotyping platform was developed by integrating several sensors: a GreenSeeker for spectral reflectance, an infrared thermometer (IRT), and a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver into one functional unit. The Phenocart enabled simultaneous collection of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and canopy temperature (CT) with precise assignment of all measurements to plot location by georeferenced data points. Across the set of varieties, the Phenocart temperature measurements were highly correlated to a handheld IRT. In addition, CT and NDVI were both significantly correlated to yield throughout the growing season. The Phenocart is a flexible, low‐cost, and easily deployable platform to increase the amount of phenotypic data that crop breeders obtain as well as provide high‐resolution phenotypic data for genetic discovery.
Mapping Four Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Type I Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Winter Wheat ‘INW0412’
Authors: Sun Jin , Ohm Herbert W. , Poland Jesse A. , Williams Christie E.
Published: March 2016

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most damaging wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) diseases in humid and semihumid regions around the world. Breeding efforts have focused on resistance mechanisms that limit the spread once a spike is infected—type II resistance. But resistance to initial infection, type I resistance, is an important trait that could be combined with other modes of resistance. The objective of this project was to identify and map the locations of previously unknown quantitative trait loci (QTL) that reduce the incidence of initial infection. A mapping population of 198 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was evaluated for type I resistance in both the field and greenhouse. A two‐enzyme genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) approach was applied to construct a 1883‐cM linkage map yielding single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Composite interval mapping analysis detected a QTL on chromosome 1AS under greenhouse conditions and three other QTL on chromosomes 1BL, 2BL, and 3AS in field environments. Each QTL explained between 7.44 and 12.20% of the total phenotypic variation. Sixteen RILs were identified with markers for all three QTL on chromosomes 1BL, 2BL, and 3AS exhibiting significantly improved type I resistance (a mean of 33.06% improvement) over RILs with none of the three markers in field experiments. Our results also confirmed that types I and II FHB resistance were controlled by different loci in the wheat RIL population and could be used in combination to provide multiple layers of defense for cultivar development through marker‐assisted selection.
The 2NS Translocation from Aegilops ventricosa Confers Resistance to the Triticum Pathotype of Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Cruz C.D. , Peterson G.L. , Bockus W.W. , Kankanala P. , Dubcovsky J. , Jordan K.W. , Akhunov E. , Chumley F. , Baldelomar F.D. , Valent B.
Published: March 2016

Wheat blast is a serious disease caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (Triticum pathotype) (MoT). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the 2NS translocation from Aegilops ventricosa (Zhuk.) Chennav on wheat head and leaf blast resistance. Disease phenotyping experiments were conducted in growth chamber, greenhouse, and field environments. Among 418 cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), those with 2NS had 50.4 to 72.3% less head blast than those without 2NS when inoculated with an older MoT isolate under growth chamber conditions. When inoculated with recently collected isolates, cultivars with 2NS had 64.0 to 80.5% less head blast. Under greenhouse conditions when lines were inoculated with an older MoT isolate, those with 2NS had a significant head blast reduction. With newer isolates, not all lines with 2NS showed a significant reduction in head blast, suggesting that the genetic background and/or environment may influence the expression of any resistance conferred by 2NS. However, when near‐isogenic lines (NILs) with and without 2NS were planted in the field, there was strong evidence that 2NS conferred resistance to head blast. Results from foliar inoculations suggest that the resistance to head infection that is imparted by the 2NS translocation does not confer resistance to foliar disease. In conclusion, the 2NS translocation was associated with significant reductions in head blast in both spring and winter wheat.
Characterization of Thermal, Hydraulic, and Gas Diffusion Properties in Variably Saturated Sand Grades
Authors: Chamindu Deepagoda T.K.K. , Smits Kathleen , Ramirez Jamie , Moldrup Per
Published: March 2016

Core Ideas

This study provides physical, hydraulic, and thermal properties of five sand grades.

An extended three‐region thermal conductivity model is proposed.

A gas diffusivity‐based variable tortuosity parameter is examined.

Useful parametric functions and descriptive models were tested.

Detailed characterization of partially saturated porous media is important for understanding and predicting vadose zone transport processes. While basic properties (e.g., particle‐ and pore‐size distributions and soil‐water retention) are, in general, essential prerequisites for characterizing most porous media transport properties, key transport parameters such as thermal conductivity and gas diffusivity are particularly important to describe temperature‐induced heat transport and diffusion‐controlled gas transport processes, respectively. Despite many experimental and numerical studies focusing on a specific porous media characteristic, a single study presenting a wide range of important characteristics, together with the best‐performing functional relationships, can seldom be found. This study characterized five differently textured sand grades (Accusand no. 12/20, 20/30, 30/40, 40/50, and 50/70) in relation to physical properties, water retention, hydraulic conductivity, thermal conductivity, and gas diffusivity. We used measured basic properties and transport data to accurately parameterize the characteristic functions (particle‐ and pore‐size distributions and water retention) and descriptive transport models (thermal conductivity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and gas diffusivity). An existing thermal conductivity model was improved to describe the distinct three‐region behavior in observed thermal conductivity–water saturation relations. Applying widely used parametric models for saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil‐gas diffusivity, we characterized porous media tortuosity in relation to grain size. Strong relations among average particle diameter, characteristic pore diameter from soil‐water retention measurements, and saturated hydraulic conductivity were found. Thus, the results of this work are useful toward better describing, linking, and predicting mass transfer and pore network properties in variably saturated porous media.
Amendments to Interpretations of SAAF Inclinometer Data from the Furggwanghorn Rock Glacier, Turtmann Valley, Switzerland: Results from 2010 to 2012
Authors: Buchli Thomas , Laue Jan , Springman Sarah M.
Published: March 2016

Core Ideas

Raw data from an SAAF inclinometer were processed using proprietary software.

Results differed significantly from values derived using the previous software version.

Direct connection between creep velocity and air and soil temperature can no longer be proposed for this specific rock glacier.

Raw data processing from a ShapeAccelArray field (SAAF) inclinometer were made using proprietary software from Measurand, the manufacturer of the SAAF inclinometer. When the inclinometer data obtained from the same borehole were reprocessed with an updated software version, the results were found to differ significantly from the values derived using the previous version of software. Neither the absolute displacements, nor the curve representing displacements with depth, agreed with the previous values, despite best attempts to compare data with alternative sparse field measurements of surface displacements. There was a change in inclination of the segments above the shear zone, and the strain rates in the shear zone were reduced significantly during the winter months. In contrast, there was no change in the depth of the shear zone. Therefore, the ground model presented in the original study is still considered to be the optimal ground model of the Furggwanghorn rock glacier. Finally, a simple trigonometrical approach was conducted to investigate the validity of both software versions. The simplified recalculations could confirm mostly the results of the updated software version.
Changes in the Oral Moisture and the Amount of Microorganisms in Saliva and Tongue Coating after Oral Ingestion Resumption: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kishimoto Natsuki , Stegaroiu Roxana , Shibata Satoko , Ito Kayoko , Inoue Makoto , Ohuchi Akitsugu
Published: March 2016

Background and Objective:

Tube feeding has been significantly associated with a higher rate of aspiration pneumonia that is mainly related to oral microorganisms and a reduced salivary flow. Thus, the difference in the mode of nutritional intake is expected to affect the oral environment, but this has not yet been fully clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate, in tube-fed patients, changes in the oral moisture and the counts of microorganisms in saliva and tongue coating, which occur after oral ingestion resumption.

Methods:

Study participants were 7 tube-fed inpatients of the Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital (72.7±8.5 years old) who received dysphagia rehabilitation at the Unit of Dysphagia Rehabilitation until oral ingestion resumption. Their oral health, swallowing, and nutrition status, oral mucosal moisture, amount of unstimulated saliva and the counts of microorganisms (total microorganisms, streptococci, Candida) in saliva and tongue coating were investigated and compared before and after the recommencement of oral intake.

Results:

Tongue coating, choking, oral mucosal moisture and amount of unstimulated saliva were improved significantly after resumption of oral ingestion. The other investigated parameters did not significantly change, except for the streptococci in tongue coating, which significantly increased 1 week after oral ingestion recommencement, but decreased thereafter.

Conclusion:

After oral intake resumption, oral mucosal moisture and amount of unstimulated saliva were improved. However, because of a transitory increase in the counts of streptococci with oral ingestion recommencement, it is important to appropriately manage oral hygiene in these patients, according to the changes in their intraoral microbiota.
Phenolic and mineral profile of Balkan indigenous apple and pear cultivars
Authors: Zivkovic Jelena , Savikin Katarina , Zdunic Gordana , Dojcinovic Biljana , Menkovic Nebojsa
Published: March 2016

The aim of this study was chemical analysis of phenolic compounds, as well as
mineral nutrients in pulp and peel obtained from Balkan indigenous apple and
pear cultivars. Phenolic composition assesed by means of HPLC-DAD and
spectrophotometric methods varied significantly between the cultivars for
both peel and pulp. Among apples Mekica cultivar had the highest total
phenolic content while Secerlija and Zlatna Parmenka had the lowest. In the
case of pear samples the principal source of total phenolic content was Crna
Takisa while their minimum was recorded for Bela Arapka. In most of the
investigated samples chlorogenic acid in apples and arbutin in pears were
major detected polyphenolic compounds. With regard to mineral analysis K was
the most abundant followed by P, Mg, Ca and S. Iron was the dominant
microelement in apple peel and pulp samples, while in pear samples the
principal microelement was B. Obtained results provide detailed information
on chemical composition of tested apple and pear cultivars and therby could
encourage their wider cultivation and consumption.
Carotid artery wall stiffness is increased in patients with small vessel disease: A case-control study
Authors: Salihovic-Hajdarevic Denisa , Pavlovic Aleksandra , Smajlovic Dzevdet , Podgorac Ana , Jovanovic Zagorka , Svabic-Medjedovic Tamara , Covickovic-Sternic Nadezda
Published: March 2016

Introduction. Cerebral ischemic small-vessel disease (SVD), causing lacunar
infarcts and white matter hyperintensities on brain magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI), is a progressive disease associated with an increased risk of
stroke, dementia and death. Increased arterial stiffness has been associated
with ischemic stroke and cerebral SVD independently of common vascular risk
factors. Objective. The aim of the study was to analyze arterial stiffness in
our patients with symptomatic SVD. Methods. In a cross-sectional study design
we included 30 patients with clinical and MRI evidence of cerebral SVD and 30
age-, gender- and risk factor-matched control subjects with no neurological
diseases. Patients were evaluated at the Ultrasound Laboratory at the
Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia in Belgrade, during a three-month
period (from September 1st to December 1st 2012). Baseline demographic and
vascular risk factors were recorded. All patients underwent standard carotid
ultrasound scans with measuring of intima-media thickness (IMT) and analysis
of atheromatous plaques. Internal carotid artery stiffness was evaluated with
the use of e-tracking option as beta stiffness index (BSI) value. Results.
There were no differences between study groups in regard to degree of carotid
stenosis and type of carotid plaques (p>0.05). Patients in SVD group had
significantly higher mean IMT (p=0.0093) and mean BSI (p<0.0001) than
subjects in the control group. No significant correlation was detected
between IMT and BSI in SVD group (r=0.168; p=0.376). Brain lesions severity
correlated with BSI (r=0.733; p<0.0001). Conclusion. Arterial stiffness is
increased in symptomatic patients with SVD, independently of vascular risk
factors and IMT.
Estimation of total bacteria by real-time PCR in patients with periodontal disease
Authors: Brajovic Gavrilo , Popovic Branka , Puletic Miljan , Kostic Marija , Milasin Jelena
Published: March 2016

Introduction. Periodontal diseases are associated with the presence of
elevated levels of bacteria within the gingival crevice. Objective. The aim
of this study was to evaluate a total amount of bacteria in subgingival
plaque samples in patients with a periodontal disease. Methods. A
quantitative evaluation of total bacteria amount using quantitative real-time
polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed on 20 samples of patients
with ulceronecrotic periodontitis and on 10 samples of healthy subjects. The
estimation of total bacterial amount was based on gene copy number for 16S
rRNA that was determined by comparing to Ct values / gene copy number of the
standard curve. Results. A statistically significant difference between
average gene copy number of total bacteria in periodontal patients (2.55.107)
and healthy control (2.37.106) was found (p=0.01). Also, a trend of higher
numbers of the gene copy in deeper periodontal lesions (>7 mm) was confirmed
by a positive value of coefficient of correlation (r=0.073). Conclusion. The
quantitative estimation of total bacteria based on gene copy number could be
an important additional tool in diagnosing periodontitis.