bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upstream and Downstream Wind‐Stress Forcing of Seasonal Variability of Luzon Strait Deep Overflow Transport
Authors: Chen Lei , Yang Jiayan , Wu Lixin
Published: December 2024

The Luzon Strait Deep Overflow (LZDO) transports deep‐water masses from the Pacific Ocean (upstream) to the South China Sea (SCS, downstream), playing a vital role in shaping the hydrographic and biogeochemical structure and regulating abyssal circulation within the SCS. Recent studies suggest that the seasonal variability of LZDO transport is primarily wind‐driven; however, the specific mechanisms and key wind‐forcing areas remain unclear. In this study, we use numerical model experiments to demonstrate that the seasonal variability of the LZDO is driven by wind stress both within the downstream SCS and upstream Pacific Ocean. This finding contrasts with previous views that considered the LZDO hydraulically controlled at the Luzon Strait sill and thus influenced solely by the upstream Pacific Ocean forcing. Additionally, we identify that the LZDO is particularly sensitive to wind forcing in specific North Pacific regions where geostrophic contours connect to the Luzon Strait due to topographic effects.
Sound Velocities of the Hydrous Iron‐Rich HH1‐Phase: Implications for Lower Mantle Seismic Heterogeneities
Authors: Liu Lu , Baron Alfred Q. R. , Ohtani Eiji , Fukui Hiroshi , Ikuta Daijo , Ishikawa Daisuke , Zhang Li
Published: December 2024

We investigated the compressional and shear velocities, VP and VS, of the HH1‐phase by combining the inelastic x‐ray scattering and x‐ray diffraction experiments. In the pressure range of 64.7–79.6 GPa and at room temperature, the VP and VS were measured to be 9.66–11.05 and 4.9–6.4 km·s⁻1, respectively. We employed a simplified model to quantitatively discuss the sound velocity differences between hydrous and anhydrous phase assemblages in the mid‐lower mantle, revealing that the hydrous assemblage exhibits increased VS and a reduced VP/VS ratio compared to its anhydrous counterpart. This suggests formation of seismic scatterers in the mid‐lower mantle exhibiting high VS anomalies may be related to the heterogeneous distribution of water. Moreover, the interpretation of a large VP/VS ratio as indicating the presence of water in the upper mantle and crust may not be applicable for detecting water in the lower mantle.
Spatial Characteristics and Connectivity of Urban Floods in Eastern China: Insights From a Newly Established Data Set During 2010–2020
Authors: Lu Zhenghui , Zhong Linhao , Yang Yang , Han Xinlei , Jiang Xiaoling , Shi Zitong , Jiang Dabang
Published: December 2024

Due to limited data, the spatial characteristics and connectivity of urban floods in eastern China remain poorly understood. In this study, we established a new data set of urban floods in eastern China during 2010–2020, compiled from multiple sources. Based on this data set, our analysis identified four high‐frequency urban flood centers in South, Southeast, Southwest, and North China. Distinct regional differences are revealed for regions from south to north, with monthly peaks shifting from May to August and precipitation thresholds decreasing from high to low. Furthermore, we uncovered widespread interconnections among urban floods both within and across regions by using complex networks analysis. Strong local connectivity within regions is associated with northwestern Pacific subtropical high and moisture flux convergence. Meanwhile, links across regions are significant between Southwest China and both Southeast and North China, with Southwest China vortex likely playing a critical role.
Drivers of Nickel Distribution and Seasonality in the Southern Ocean: New Perspectives From the GEOTRACES GIpr07 Transect
Authors: Cloete R. , Planquette H. , van Horsten N. R. , Samanta S. , Chen X.‐G. , Achterberg E. P. , Middag R. , Janssen D. J. , Bowie A. R. , van der Merwe P. , Loock J. C. , Mtshali T. N. , Fietz S. , Roychoudhury A. N.
Published: December 2024

Winter dissolved nickel (dNi) and particulate nickel (pNi) concentrations were measured in the Southern Ocean (GEOTRACES GIpr07 transect) to investigate biogeochemical cycling within the water column and over seasonal timescales. Concentrations of dNi ranged from 1.98 to 8.21 nmol kg−1 with low surface concentrations and maxima in deepest sampled water masses. Combining our winter data with the GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product (2021) shows insignificant seasonal dNi variation in surface waters north of the Antarctic Polar Front, indicating the dominance of year‐round mixing processes. However, lower summer concentrations than winter in the Antarctic Zone (∆0.23 nmol kg−1) suggest a role for biological processes at high latitudes. For pNi, concentrations ranged from 5 to 49 pmol kg−1 with higher values in surface/near‐surface water masses. Vertical attenuation factors (b values) for pNi (0.19 ± 0.06) and particulate phosphorus (pP; 0.43 ± 0.10) suggest a greater retention of Ni in particles than P, invoking scavenging processes or refractory Ni phases. Water mass analysis shows that remineralization of pNi contributes a maximum of 6% of the highest measured dNi. Instead, dNi distributions and macronutrient relationships were largely explained by phytoplankton uptake in surface waters, and mixing and advection of Atlantic and Antarctic origin water masses, each with different preformed nutrient compositions. Winter trace metal measurements provide new perspectives regarding the balance between biological and physical drivers in the Southern Ocean. For Ni, the biological component is small with respect to physical mixing processes and over the timescales in which water masses accumulate Ni during their transport.
Adaptive Process of Bottom‐Trapped Buoyant Coastal Current When Encountering a Protruding Coastal Headland
Authors: Zhou Silu , Wu Hui
Published: December 2024

Coastal current encountering a protruding headland is a ubiquitous phenomenon. Previous studies indicated that the coastal current either moves well around headland or separates offshore, leaving the upstream region unaffected. Yet, these studies often assumed a deep vertical coastal wall, and the coastal current was either of barotropic character or surface‐advected, with weak interactions with the sloping topography. Here in this study, we conducted numerical experiments to investigate how a protruding headland regulates the “bottom‐trapped” buoyant coastal current over a sloping coastal topography. It was found that at the initial stage, the coastal current separates at the sharp headland tip due to local increased centrifugal force, forming a secondary bulge on the lee side of the headland. Upstream of the headland, a countercurrent is formed shoreward of the front, which fills the space between front and coast, thus pushing the front offshore. This process persists as long as the cross‐shelf scale of headland is larger than the baroclinic Rossby deformation radius. The final effect is that the front adapts its cross‐shelf location to minimize the form drag induced by the headland, and consequently the separation on the lee side of the headland was reduced. Downstream of the headland, the plume front weakens and the alongshore propagation is slowed down, because more freshwater is stranded upstream. Such dynamics are distinct from the surface‐advected buoyant coastal current, and may explain the fact that many buoyant coastal currents along zigzag coastline are wide and their alongshore extension distances are limited.
Assessment and ascertainment in psychiatric molecular genetics: challenges and opportunities for cross-disorder research
Authors: Cai Na , Verhulst Brad , Andreassen Ole A. , Buitelaar Jan , Edenberg Howard J. , Hettema John M. , Gandal Michael , Grotzinger Andrew , Jonas Katherine , Lee Phil , Mallard Travis T. , Mattheisen Manuel , Neale Michael C. , Nurnberger John I. , Peyrot Wouter J. , Tucker-Drob Elliot M. , Smoller Jordan W. , Kendler Kenneth S.
Published: December 2024

Psychiatric disorders are highly comorbid, heritable, and genetically correlated [1–4]. The primary objective of cross-disorder psychiatric genetics research is to identify and characterize both the shared genetic factors that contribute to convergent disease etiologies and the unique genetic factors that distinguish between disorders [4, 5]. This information can illuminate the biological mechanisms underlying comorbid presentations of psychopathology, improve nosology and prediction of illness risk and trajectories, and aid the development of more effective and targeted interventions. In this review we discuss how estimates of comorbidity and identification of shared genetic loci between disorders can be influenced by how disorders are measured (phenotypic assessment) and the inclusion or exclusion criteria in individual genetic studies (sample ascertainment). Specifically, the depth of measurement, source of diagnosis, and time frame of disease trajectory have major implications for the clinical validity of the assessed phenotypes. Further, biases introduced in the ascertainment of both cases and controls can inflate or reduce estimates of genetic correlations. The impact of these design choices may have important implications for large meta-analyses of cohorts from diverse populations that use different forms of assessment and inclusion criteria, and subsequent cross-disorder analyses thereof. We review how assessment and ascertainment affect genetic findings in both univariate and multivariate analyses and conclude with recommendations for addressing them in future research.
Itaconate facilitates viral infection via alkylating GDI2 and retaining Rab GTPase on the membrane
Authors: Yin Shulei , Tao Yijie , Li Tianliang , Li Chunzhen , Cui Yani , Zhang Yunyan , Yin Shenhui , Zhao Liyuan , Hu Panpan , Cui Likun , Wu Yunyang , He Yixian , Yu Shu , Chen Jie , Lu Shaoteng , Qiu Guifang , Song Mengqi , Hou Qianshan , Qian Cheng , Zou Zui , Xu Sheng , Yu Yizhi
Published: December 2024

Metabolic reprogramming of host cells plays critical roles during viral infection. Itaconate, a metabolite produced from cis-aconitate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) by immune responsive gene 1 (IRG1), is involved in regulating innate immune response and pathogen infection. However, its involvement in viral infection and underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that the IRG1-itaconate axis facilitates the infections of VSV and IAV in macrophages and epithelial cells via Rab GTPases redistribution. Mechanistically, itaconate promotes the retention of Rab GTPases on the membrane via directly alkylating Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor beta (GDI2), the latter of which extracts Rab GTPases from the membrane to the cytoplasm. Multiple alkylated residues by itaconate, including cysteines 203, 335, and 414 on GDI2, were found to be important during viral infection. Additionally, this effect of itaconate needs an adequate distribution of Rab GTPases on the membrane, which relies on Rab geranylgeranyl transferase (GGTase-II)-mediated geranylgeranylation of Rab GTPases. The single-cell RNA sequencing data revealed high expression of IRG1 primarily in neutrophils during viral infection. Co-cultured and in vivo animal experiments demonstrated that itaconate produced by neutrophils plays a dominant role in promoting viral infection. Overall, our study reveals that neutrophils-derived itaconate facilitates viral infection via redistribution of Rab GTPases, suggesting potential targets for antiviral therapy.
Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ radiosensitizes tumors by decreasing mitochondrial oxygen consumption
Authors: Rondeau Justin D. , Lipari Sara , Mathieu Barbara , Beckers Claire , Van de Velde Justine A. , Mignion Lionel , Da Silva Morais Mauricio , Kreuzer Marvin , Colauzzi Ilaria , Capeloa Tania , Pruschy Martin , Gallez Bernard , Sonveaux Pierre
Published: December 2024

Hypoxic tumors are radioresistant stemming from the fact that oxygen promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) propagation after water radiolysis and stabilizes irradiation-induced DNA damage. Therefore, an attractive strategy to radiosensitize solid tumors is to increase tumor oxygenation at the time of irradiation, ideally above a partial pressure of 10 mm-Hg at which full radiosensitization can be reached. Historically, the many attempts to increase vascular O2 delivery have had limited efficacy, but mathematical models predicted that inhibiting cancer cell respiration would be more effective. Here, we report that mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ can radiosensitize human breast tumors in mice. This was not a class effect, as neither MitoTEMPO nor SKQ1 shared this property. At clinically relevant nanomolar concentrations, MitoQ completely abrogated the oxygen consumption of several human cancer cell lines of different origins, which was associated with a glycolytic switch. Using orthotopic breast cancer models in mice, we observed that pretreating hypoxic MDA-MB-231 tumors with MitoQ delayed tumor growth with both single dose irradiation and clinically relevant fractionated radiotherapy. Oxygenated MCF7 tumors were not radiosensitized, suggesting an oxygen enhancement effect of MitoQ. Because MitoQ already successfully passed Phase I clinical trials, our findings foster its clinical evaluation in combination with radiotherapy.
Transplantation of derivative retinal organoids from chemically induced pluripotent stem cells restored visual function
Authors: Zhao Ning , Zhang Chang-Jun , Zhang Xiao , Wang Wen , Jin Kangxin , Jin Zi-Bing
Published: December 2024

As an emerging type of pluripotent stem cells, chemically induced pluripotent stem cells (CiPSCs) avoid the risks of genomic disintegration by exogenous DNAs from viruses or plasmids, providing a safer stem cell source. To verify CiPSCs’ capacity to differentiate into retinal organoids (ROs), we induced CiPSCs from mouse embryonic fibroblasts by defined small-molecule compounds and successfully differentiated the CiPSCs into three-dimensional ROs, in which all major retinal cell types and retinal genes were in concordance with those in vivo. We transplanted retinal photoreceptors from ROs into the subretinal space of retinal degeneration mouse models and the cells could integrate into the host retina, establish synaptic connections, and significantly improve the visual functions of the murine models. This proof-of-concept study for the first time demonstrated that CiPSCs could differentiate into ROs with a full spectrum of retinal cell types, and provided new insights into chemical approach-based retinal regeneration for degenerative diseases.
Citric acid is more effective than sodium thiosulfate in chelating calcium in a dissolution model of calcinosis
Authors: Burgess Kyle A. , Winpenny Richard E. P. , Saiani Alberto , Miller Aline F. , Herrick Ariane L. , Watson Rachel E. B.
Published: December 2024

Calcinosis cutis affects 20–40% of patients with systemic sclerosis. This study tests the hypothesis that calcium-chelating polycarboxylic acids can induce calcium dissolution without skin toxicity or irritancy. We compared citric acid (CA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to sodium thiosulfate (STS) for their ability to chelate calcium in vitro using a pharmaceutical dissolution model of calcinosis (hydroxyapatite (HAp) tablet), prior to evaluation of toxicity and irritancy in 2D in vitro skin models. Resultant data was used to predict therapeutic concentrations for application in a validated 3D skin irritation model (SkinEthic™; EpiSkin SA) and to assay maximal percutaneous absorption. Dissolution performance was further assessed via ability to dissolve a calcified matrix laid down in vitro. Pharmacological dissolution studies identified that polycarboxylic acids were superior to STS in dissolving HAp tablets. In vitro, compounds had little effect on cell numbers at concentrations of < 10 mM. When applied topically to 3D models as near-saturated solutions, chelators were not irritant nor did they impact model structure histologically. CA was the most efficient chelator of calcium salts. This study highlights polycarboxylic acids, particularly CA, as potential therapies to target calcinosis cutis: these should now be investigated in human studies.
Isolating high-quality RNA for RNA-Seq from 10-year-old blood samples
Authors: Portelli Charlene , Seria Elisa , Attard Ritienne , Barzine Mitra , Esquinas-Roman Eva M. , Borg Carbott Francesca , Cassar Karen , Vella Matthew , Scicluna Brendon P. , Ebejer Jean-Paul , Farrugia Rosienne , Bezzina Wettinger Stephanie
Published: December 2024

There is much interest in analysing RNA, particularly with RNA Sequencing, across both research and diagnostic domains. However, its inherent instability renders it susceptible to degradation. Given the imperative for RNA integrity in such applications, proper storage and biobanking of blood samples and successful subsequent RNA isolation is essential to guarantee optimal integrity for downstream analyses. Especially for larger collections, it would be particularly beneficial if these methods would additionally offer affordability, minimal blood volume requirements and also long-term storage. In this study, RNA of high quality, suitable for transcriptomics, has been successfully isolated from 400 µL of EDTA and citrated whole blood samples in Boom’s lysis buffer stored at −85 °C for 10 years. Isolation was carried out using a modified Zymo Research Quick-RNA kit protocol. This isolation method showed significant improvement in RNA integrity when compared to RNA extracted using the original Boom method. RNA Sequencing provided high-quality data comparable to that of other studies using recently frozen blood in RNA stabilisation tubes. Additionally, sequencing data from blood collected in citrate and EDTA anticoagulants also showed excellent correlation.
A novel scoring protocol reveals age-related differences in abstract compared to concrete thinking in cued autobiographical remembering
Authors: Hovhannisyan Mariam , Raffaelli Quentin , Chau Nadine , Andrews-Hanna Jessica R. , Grilli Matthew D.
Published: December 2024

Human imagination has garnered growing interest in many fields. However, it remains unclear how to characterize different forms of imaginative thinking and how imagination differs between young and older adults. Here, we introduce a novel scoring protocol based on recent theoretical developments in the cognitive neuroscience of imagination to provide a broad tool with which to characterize imaginative thinking. The scoring protocol distinguishes between concrete/perceptual forms of imagination termed the “mind’s eye” and abstract/reflective forms of imagination termed the “mind’s mind.” The protocol also captures whether thoughts pertain to the self, others, or both. We applied this scoring protocol with high inter-rater reliability across two studies involving distinct participants and narrative-based imagination tasks. When compared to young adults, older adults showed a bias toward general content, which is a feature of the mind’s mind form of thinking while describing aloud their memories of specific, past events (Study 1). Further, older adults made fewer references to the self. In a separate study of only older adults (Study 2), increasing age was not associated with a bias toward the mind’s mind while describing specific past or future events. These results reveal that imaginative thinking can be characterized within the Mind’s Eye Mind’s Mind framework, with implications for understanding cognitively normal older age.
Comparison of the effectiveness of a serious game and pre-recorded lecture in diagnosis and treatment planning of oral lesions for dental students
Authors: Buajeeb Waranun , Reynolds Patricia A , Boontub Hatailux , Tangmanpuwadol Yanon , Sipiyaruk Kawin
Published: December 2024

This research evaluated the effectiveness of an online simulation-based serious game as a learning tool in diagnosis and treatment planning for oral lesions (SimOL) in comparison to a pre-recorded lecture-based approach and to determine its appropriate integration into the undergraduate dental curriculum. A crossover randomized control trial was conducted with a cohort of 77 dental undergraduates. They were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A underwent SimOL followed by a pre-recorded passive lecture, whereas Group B experienced the converse learning sequence. Pre-assessment, Post-assessment I, and Post-assessment II were administered to evaluate knowledge improvement, along with a satisfaction questionnaire to gather learner perceptions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA with the Bonferroni post-hoc test. With two dropouts, this research included 75 students (Group A: n = 38 and Group B: n = 37). The results demonstrated statistically significant score differences across the three assessments in both groups. Significant improvements in assessment scores were observed after the initial instructional approaches in both groups (P < 0.001). However, the additional SimOL or lecture did not significantly enhance Post-assessment II scores in either group (P > 0.05). No statistically significant score differences were found between Group A and Group B in all assessments (P > 0.05). Participants held a positive perception of SimOL. These findings demonstrated the effectiveness of SimOL in enhancing knowledge related to the diagnosis and treatment planning of oral lesions at a level equivalent to that of a pre-recorded lecture, highlighting its potential as an interactive learning tool in dental education.
A global analysis of adaptation to societal aging across low-, middle- and high-income countries using the Global Aging Society Index
Authors: Chen Cynthia , Lim Julian , Koh Jemima , Beard John , Rowe John W. ,   for the Research Network on an Aging Society, Rowe John , Antonucci Toni , Berkman Lisa , Börsch-Supan Axel , Carstensen Laura , Goldman Dana , Fried Linda , Furstenberg Frank , Jackson James , Kohli Martin , Olshansky Jay , Rehkopf David , Rother John , Zissimopoulos Julie
Published: December 2024

We have previously presented a multidimensional Aging Society Index, a weighted summation of five domains central to successful adaptation to societal aging: well-being, productivity and engagement, equity, cohesion and security, as a tool to assess countries’ adaptation to demographic transformation. As the index was based on data from developed countries and some of the individual metrics or weightings may not be well suited for application to low- and middle-income countries, we here present the scores on a modified index (Global Aging Society Index) on 143 countries distributed across the span of economic development. Only 5 out of 143 (3.5%) countries had higher scores for women than men. Countries with the most notable gender differences were primarily low-income countries. The multidimensional index permits cross-national comparisons and may facilitate the identification of targets for developing policies and programs to enhance the likelihood that older persons will age successfully.
Thin film microextraction of PAHs from wastewater samples using an oxine modified iron mesh followed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction prior to gas chromatography analysis
Authors: Changizi Kecheklou Aysan , Afshar Mogaddam Mohammad Reza , Sorouraddin Saeed Mohammad , Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Fathi Ali Akbar
Published: December 2024

The extraction procedure steps.
Effect of concentration gradient on spiral wave dynamics in the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction system
Authors: Khan Parvej , Dutta Sumana
Published: December 2024

Rotating spiral waves are harbingers of abnormal cardiac rhythm, leading to tachycardia (VT). Their drifts are reminiscent of polymorphic tachycardia. We demonstrate how a proton gradient can govern such spirals in a model reaction-diffusion system.
DMSO-catalyzed CO2 reduction with 9-BBN: selective formation of either formoxy- or methoxyborane under mild conditions and C-methylenation of indoles
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Gupta Rohit , Subramaniyan Vasudevan , Mani Ganesan
Published: December 2024

Formoxy- and methoxyboranes are selectively produced in excellent yields from CO2 (1 atm) reduction with 9-BBN catalyzed by DMSO at room temperature. The X-ray structure of a CO2 inserted adduct and C–C bond formation reactions are presented.
Tipping the balance between twist and chair ligand conformers in multinuclear ethylzinc cyclophosphazenates
Authors: Boomishankar Ramamoorthy , Richards Philip I. , Steiner Alexander
Published: December 2024

Gradual changes to the ligand periphery of phosphazenate ligand platforms lead to a tipping point that flips the coordination of multinuclear ethylzinc arrays.
Dry methane reforming over lanthanide-doped Co–Al catalysts prepared via a solution combustion method
Authors: Shoganbek Dinmukhamed , Martinez-Klimov Mark , Yevdokimova Olha , Peuronen Anssi , Lastusaari Mika , Aho Atte , Tungatarova Svetlana A. , Baizhumanova Tolkyn S. , Zhumadullaev Daulet A. , Zhumabek Manapkhan , Aubakirov Yermek A. , Manabayeva Alua , Mäki-Arvela Päivi , Murzin Dmitry Yu.
Published: December 2024

Cobalt-based catalysts containing Ce, La and Al were prepared via solution combustion synthesis (SCS) and used in dry reforming of methane (DRM).
High-performance biphasic NaxMnO2 electrodes for cost-effective and high-power aqueous sodium batteries and capacitors
Authors: Boichuk Andrii , Boichuk Tetiana , Eledath-Changarath Mahesh , Krečmarová Marie , Abargues Rafael , Boix Pablo P. , Asensio María C. , Agouram Saïd , Sánchez-Royo Juan F.
Published: December 2024

Biphasic (orthorhombic/monoclinic) NaMnO2 synthesized via a sol–gel technique exhibits high performance at elevated discharge currents, enabling the development of high-power, stable, and cost-effective aqueous sodium-based devices.
Catalytic hairpin assembly-based double-end G-quadruplex signal amplification for sensitive fluorescence detection of kanamycin
Authors: Cui Wanling , Shao Yaxian , Niu Mengying , Lv Enguang , Wang Rui , Qiao Mei , Wang Xiaoxin , Qian Zhaohong
Published: December 2024

Schematic representation of catalytic hairpin assembly-based double-end G-quadruplex signal amplification for sensitive fluorescence detection of kanamycin.
Microbe-mediated synthesis of defect-rich CeO2 nanoparticles with oxidase-like activity for colorimetric detection of l-penicillamine and glutathione
Authors: Zhang Nan , Du Yingyan , Zhang Zhidong , Zhu Liying , Jiang Ling
Published: December 2024

Small-sized graphite-coated CeO2 NPs with multi-defective structures and desirable oxidase-like activity were synthesized by an eco-friendly, simple, and sustainable method.
Small upconversion-ruthenium nanohybrids for cancer theranostics
Authors: Nsubuga Anne , Fayad Nour , Pini Federico , Natile Marta M. , Hildebrandt Niko
Published: December 2024

NIR-triggered drug release from upconversion nanoparticles functionalized with mesoporous silica shells destroys the nuclei of cancer cells.
A high-contrast NIR excitation probe for monitoring Cu2+ in the endoplasmic reticulum for synergistic cuproptosis and ferroptosis anticancer therapy
Authors: Jiang Jingjing , Zhang Qiong , Zhang Yue , Gao Lintong , Feng Yan , Sun Xianshun , Wang Junjun , Zhu Xiaojiao , Chen Xingxing , Zhou Hongping
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we designed and synthesized a nonlinear small molecule fluorescent probe that can specifically recognize copper ions in the endoplasmic reticulum, and it achieves synergistic ferroptosis and cuproptosis for rapid tumor elimination.
Advancements in MoS2-based anodes for Li-ion batteries: recent progress, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Yoo Jaeseop , Zewdie Getasew Mulualem , Shin Hyeyoung
Published: December 2024

This review offers a detailed exploration of synthesis methods, design strategies, and the electrochemical performance of MoS2-based materials as LIB anodes, with a focus on defect engineering, doping, composite development, and structural enhancements.
Electromagnetic milling promoted mechanochemical copper-catalyzed C–O coupling reaction for diaryl ether formation
Authors: Zeng Zhaoxuan , Tian Zhe , Zhang Zhihan , Sun Hongzhen , Liu Qing , Zhang Lizhi , Yan Fachao , Zhao Zengdian , Liu Hui
Published: December 2024

We developed a novel solid-state electromagnetic milling facilitated Ullmann C–O bond synthesis method. This method uses less new copper catalyst and ligand combination, and can complete the reaction in a shorter time with less abrasive aid.
Palladium-catalysed asymmetric cascade transformations of 4-alken-2-ynyl carbonates to construct complex frameworks
Authors: He Ze-Liang , Li Li , Chen Zhi-Chao , Du Wei , Chen Ying-Chun
Published: December 2024

A palladium-catalysed asymmetric auto-tandem reaction between 4-alken-2-ynyl carbonates and diverse ortho-functionalized activated alkenes is reported, giving complex frameworks in moderate yields with excellent chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity.
Solvothermal synthesis of carbon nitride (g-C3N4): bandgap engineering for improved photocatalytic performance
Authors: Abdullahi Mohammed Tajudeen , Ali Maryum , Farooq Wasif , Khan Majad , Younas Muhammad , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the solvothermal synthesis of carbon nitride, aimed at enhancing its energy bandgap and improving its photoredox applications.
Multiscale modelling of active hydrogel elasticity driven by living polymers: softening by bacterial motor protein FtsZ
Authors: López-Menéndez Horacio , Luque-Rioja Clara , Kharbedia Mikheil , Herráez-Aguilar Diego , Santiago José A. , Monroy Francisco
Published: December 2024

Active soft hydrogels based on living polymers. Living FtsZ filaments as random actuators. Multiscale theory of active elasticity. Experimental validation.
A magnetic-responsive conical microcolumn for removing oil pollution in tubes and emulsion filtering with ultra-high separation flux
Authors: Kang Lei , Zhang Yang , Song Yun-yun , Liu Yan , Zhang Zhong-qiang
Published: December 2024

The authors prepared a magnetic-responsive conical microcolumn to achieve ultra-fast oil movement and separate various emulsions with ultra-high flux, which can clean oil pollution in closed tubes controlled by magnetic field and detect oil type.
High photodetector responsivity and weak light detection in a manganese doped lead-free low dimensional perovskite
Authors: Martin James Harry , Liu Zhirong , Haris Muhammed P. U. , Lezama Luis , Wang Mingkui , Ahmad Shahzada , Kazim Samrana
Published: December 2024

Photodetector fabricated from bismuth-based perovskite showed high photodetector responsivity along with weak light detection.
High performance BaTiO3–SrTiO3 ceramics with refined microstructure obtained by current-controlled reactive flash sintering of mixed powders
Authors: López-Blanco Samuel , Vendrell Xavier , Morante Nerea , García José E.
Published: December 2024

Current-controlled flash sintering has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for microstructural engineering in dielectric materials, providing new pathways for developing energy-efficient storage systems through enhanced electrical homogeneity.
Laplacian attention: A plug‐and‐play algorithm without increasing model complexity for vision tasks
Authors: Chen Xiaolei , Lu Yubing , Wen Runyu
Published: December 2024

Most prevailing attention mechanism modules in contemporary research are convolution‐based modules, and while these modules contribute to enhancing the accuracy of deep learning networks in visual tasks, they concurrently augment the overall model complexity. To address the problem, this paper proposes a plug‐and‐play algorithm that does not increase the complexity of the model, Laplacian attention (LA). The LA algorithm first calculates the similarity distance between feature points in the feature space and feature channel and constructs the residual Laplacian matrix between feature points through the similarity distance and Gaussian kernel. This construction serves to segregate non‐similar feature points while aggregating those with similarities. Ultimately, the LA algorithm allocates the outputs of the feature channel and the feature space adaptively to derive the final LA outputs. Crucially, the LA algorithm is confined to the forward computation process and does not involve backpropagation or any parameter learning. The LA algorithm undergoes comprehensive experimentation on three distinct datasets—namely Cifar‐10, miniImageNet, and Pascal VOC 2012. The experimental results demonstrate that, compared with the advanced attention mechanism modules in recent years, such as SENet, CBAM, ECANet, coordinate attention, and triplet attention, the LA algorithm exhibits superior performance across image classification, object detection and semantic segmentation tasks.
Dynamic massive star formation: Radio flux variability in UC H II regions
Authors: Yang A. Y. , Thompson M. A. , Urquhart J. S. , Brunthaler A. , Menten K. M. , Gong Y. , Tsai Chao-Wei , Patel A. L. , Li D. , Cotton W. D.
Published: December 2024

Context. Theoretical models of early accretion during the formation process of massive stars have predicted that H II regions exhibit radio variability on timescales of decades. However, large-scale searches for such temporal variations with sufficient sensitivity have not yet been carried out.

Aims. Our aim is to identify H II regions with variable radio wavelength fluxes and to investigate the properties of the identified objects, especially those with the highest level of variability.

Methods. We compared the peak flux densities of 86 ultracompact H II (UC H II) regions measured by the GLOSTAR and CORNISH surveys and identified variables that show flux variations higher than 30% over the ~8 yr timespan between these surveys.

Results. We found a sample of 38 variable UC H II regions, which is the largest sample identified to date. The overall occurrence of variability is 44±5%, suggesting that variation in UC H II regions is significantly more common than prediction. The variable UC H II regions are found to be younger than nonvariable UC H II regions, all of them meeting the size criterion of hypercompact (HC) H II regions. We studied the seven UC H II regions that show the highest variability (the “Top7”) with variations >100%. The Top7 variable UC H II regions are optically thick at 4–8 GHz and compact, suggesting they are in a very early evolutionary stage of HC H II or UC H II regions. There is a significant correlation between variability and the spectral index of the radio emission. No dependence is observed between the variations and the properties of the sources’ natal clumps traced by submillimeter continuum emission from dust, although variable H II regions are found in clumps at an earlier evolutionary stage.
Impurity-induced local rearrangement of the neon lattice at 10.5 K
Authors: Rybalko Yu. I. , Savchenko E. V. , Fugol’ I. Ya.
Published: December 2024

We report high-resolution VUV luminescence spectra of pure crystalline argon and of neon doped with argon over the temperature range 5–12 K. We have measured the emission of atomic centers which are sensitive to the lattice structure. In solid neon at 10.5 K a local rearrangement of the lattice is observed, induced by the argon dopant. We propose that the observed rearrangement represents a “local phase transition” of the type fcc–hcp in the vicinity of the impurity centers.
Localization in a two-dimensional electron system above a helium film
Authors: Mende F. F. , Kovdrya Yu. Z. , Nikolaenko V. A.
Published: December 2024

The rf conductivity of surface electrons (SE) above a helium film is measured for different film thicknesses. As the helium film thickness d is varied from 250 to 800 Å, the rf electron mobility μ (ω) increases from 250 to 1.5 · 104 cm2/V · sec, the latter value being typical of SE above bulk helium. It has been established that for very large values of d the dependence of μ (ω) on d is exponential. The results obtained are attributed to both the localization of SE at inhomogeneities of the polarization potential of the substrate, caused by the substrate roughness, and the transition of electrons from the localized to the delocalized state as the film thickness increased.
Theory of the interaction of magnons with phonons and librons in α-oxygen
Authors: Gaididei Yu. B. , Loktev V. M. , Ostrovskii V. S.
Published: December 2024

We consider the spectrum of vibration excitations (phonons and librons) in α-O2. It is shown that the interaction of magnons with phonons leads to a division of the phonon spectrum into two portions: acoustic and optic. In the case of librons the number of branches corresponding to them is doubled. We have analyzed the spectrum of the mixed magnon-phonon and magnon–libron excitations and have elucidated the symmetry aspects of the magnon–vibrational interaction. The influence of phonon’s on the AFMR spectra in α-oxygen is also discussed.
Periodicity for stochastic lattice equations with regime-switching
Authors: Gao Yue , Yang Xue
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we consider stochastic lattice differential equations (SLDEs) with regime-switching in weighted space lρ2. First, we discuss the well-posedness of solutions for SLDEs with regime-switching. Then we establish the existence of periodic solutions in distribution via an infinite dimensional Skorokhod theorem. Finally, we give an example to illustrate our criteria.
Spectrum broadcast structures from von Neumann type interaction Hamiltonians
Authors: Acevedo Alberto , Wehr Jan , Korbicz Jarosław K.
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we contribute to the mathematical foundations of the recently established theory of Spectrum Broadcast Structures (SBS). These are multipartite quantum states, encoding an operational notion of objectivity and exhibiting a more advanced form of decoherence. We study SBS in the case of a central system interacting with N environments via the von Neumann-type measurement interactions, ubiquitous in the theory of open quantum systems. We state and prove a novel sufficient condition for SBS to arise dynamically for finite-dimensional systems. The condition is based on the Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization rather than on the Knill–Barnum error estimation used in previous papers.
Quantum information reveals that orbital-wise correlation is essentially classical in natural orbitals
Authors: Materia Davide , Ratini Leonardo , Angeli Celestino , Guidoni Leonardo
Published: December 2024

The intersection of quantum chemistry and quantum computing has led to significant advancements in understanding the potential of using quantum devices for the efficient calculation of molecular energies. Simultaneously, this intersection enhances the comprehension of quantum chemical properties through the use of quantum computing and quantum information tools. This paper tackles a key question in this relationship: Is the nature of the orbital-wise electron correlations in wavefunctions of realistic prototypical cases classical or quantum? We address this question with a detailed investigation of molecular wavefunctions in terms of Shannon and von Neumann entropies, common tools of classical and quantum information theory. Our analysis reveals a notable distinction between classical and quantum mutual information in molecular systems when analyzed with Hartree–Fock canonical orbitals. However, this difference decreases dramatically, by ∼100-fold, when natural orbitals are used as reference. This finding suggests that orbital correlations, when viewed through the appropriate basis, are predominantly classical. Consequently, our study underscores the importance of using natural orbitals to accurately assess molecular orbital correlations and to avoid their overestimation.
Impact of dcEF on microRNA profiles in glioblastoma and exosomes using a novel microfluidic bioreactor
Authors: Tsai Hsieh-Fu , Shen Amy Q.
Published: December 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme, the most common type of highly aggressive primary brain tumor, is influenced by complex molecular signaling pathways, where microRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical regulatory role. Originating from glial cells, glioblastoma cells are affected by the physiological direct current electric field (dcEF) in the central nervous system. While dcEF has been shown to affect glioblastoma migration (electrotaxis), the specific impact on glioblastoma intercellular communication and miRNA expression in glioblastoma cells and their exosomes remains unclear. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the differential expression of microRNAs in glioblastoma cells and exosomes under dcEF stimulation. We have developed a novel, reversibly sealed dcEF stimulation bioreactor that ensures uniform dcEF stimulation across a large cell culture area, specifically targeting glioblastoma cells and primary human astrocytes. Using microarray analysis, we examined differential miRNA profiles in both cellular and exosomal RNAs. Our study identified shared molecular targets and pathways affected by dcEF stimulation. Our findings reveal significant changes in miRNA expression due to dcEF stimulation, with specific miRNAs, such as hsa-miR-4440 being up-regulated and hsa-miR-3201 and hsa-mir-548g being down-regulated. Future research will focus on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of these miRNAs and their potential as diagnostic biomarkers. The developed platform offers high-quality dcEF stimulation and rapid sample recovery, with potential applications in tissue engineering and multi-omics molecular analysis.
Temperature dependence of low-frequency phonon behavior in gadolinium gallium garnet and yttrium aluminum garnet
Authors: Wang Ke , Kimura Shin-ichi , Yamauchi Kunihiko , Yamahara Hiroyasu , Murakami Hironaru , Seki Munetoshi , Oguchi Tamio , Tabata Hitoshi , Tonouchi Masayoshi
Published: December 2024

The temperature dependence of the dielectric properties and phonon behavior of gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) and yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) single crystals were analyzed by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations. A custom air-plasma-based THz-TDS system was calibrated using the well-studied MgO single crystal, and the results in the low-frequency range were validated by a commercial high-resolution FT-IR system. Consequently, the THz-TDS and FT-IR measurement results for GGG and YAG were in good agreement. Due to the high absorption in the phonon response range, only the TO1 and TO4 phonons of GGG and the TO1 phonon of YAG were observed. A manual phase adjustment was introduced in analyzing GGG in order to calculate reliable values of dielectric constants. The Lorentz oscillator model was employed to identify the phonon modes. With increasing temperature, the phonon frequencies slightly shift to lower frequencies, the damping parameters generally increase, and the oscillator strengths stay constant. The theoretical calculations, based on DFT and a shell model, in which the thermal expansion of the crystals was considered, explain the temperature-dependent phonon frequency shift and are in good agreement with the experimental results. Finally, the phonon behavior was evaluated using the Grüneisen parameter and compared with the experimental data. The results show that thermal expansion contributes significantly to phonon frequency shift, and the minor contribution from phonon anharmonicity increases with increasing temperature.
How formation water impacts CO2 miscible flooding in low-permeability reservoirs
Authors: Dai Yang , Jia Hu , Zhou Zili , Hu Hao
Published: December 2024

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage for enhanced oil recovery (CCUS-EOR) is a key technology for mitigating carbon emissions. The effects of CO2 miscible flooding on EOR after water flooding in low-permeability reservoirs are highly uncertain. This work establishes a comprehensive model for CO2 miscible flooding in low-permeability reservoirs, taking into account processes such as dissolution and trapping of formation water. The model simulates the miscible behavior of CO2 and crude oil under various formation water conditions. The conclusions are as follows: formation water exhibits dissolution and trapping phenomena with injected CO2 and crude oil, leading to a loss of effective CO2 volume, a reduction in recoverable crude oil volume, and a delay of response of CO2 miscible flooding; a minimal quantity of movable water can limit CO2 fingering, while an abundant amount can hinder CO2-oil contact; ignoring the microscopic mechanisms between water, CO2, or oil can overestimate the CO2-oil miscible process, miscible degree, and miscible flooding efficiency. These conclusions help further understand the mechanisms of CO2 miscible flooding to enhance oil recovery in high-water saturation low-permeability reservoirs and provide references and insights for CO2 capture and reservoir development.
Acoustic emission and electromagnetic radiation precursor signal identification and early warning of coal and gas outburst based on diffusion-semi-supervised classification method
Authors: Liu Binglong , Li Zhonghui , Zang Zesheng , Wang Enyuan , Zhang Chaolin , Yin Shan
Published: December 2024

Gas outbursts in coal seams represent a severe and formidable hazard, posing a significant threat to the safety of coal mining operations. The advanced early warning is a crucial preventive measure against outbursts. Acoustic emission (AE) and electromagnetic radiation (EMR) are advanced monitoring and early warning techniques for gas outbursts. However, during the mining operations, interference signals from AE and EMR may arise. Due to the impact of these interference signals, the use of statistical indicators and time-frequency feature analysis may lead to false alarms and missed detections in outburst warnings. The advancement of deep learning offers new methods for intelligent identification of gas outburst risks. This article proposes an outburst warning method for detecting outburst precursor signals and conducting comprehensive index analysis based on deep learning techniques for AE and EMR. First, reconstruct the signal using wavelet packet decomposition and then process the resulting signal with the diffusion-semi-supervised classification algorithm, employing partially labeled signals to train the model for intelligent identification of outburst precursor risk indicators of AE and EMR. By analyzing the prominent risk precursor signals of AE and EMR, establish a gas outburst risk analysis method based on Bayesian networks, thereby achieving early warning of gas outbursts. The findings suggest that the method in question, which employs a training dataset comprising 60% manually annotated data, is proficient in precisely identifying to outburst precursor signals of AE and EMR, and is adept at identifying a range of precursor signals. It provides a basis for distinguished multi-level early warning. The research outcomes significantly enhance the reliability of AE and EMR monitoring signals, offering effective monitoring and early warning for gas outbursts in coal seams, gas power manifestations, and abnormal gas.