bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longevity Is the Key Factor in the Search for Technosignatures
Authors: Balbi Amedeo , Ćirković Milan M.
Published: April 2021

It is well known that the chances of success of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence depend on the longevity of technological civilizations or, more broadly, on the duration of the signs of their existence, or technosignatures. Here, we re-examine this general tenet in more detail, and we show that its broader implications have not been given their proper significance. In particular, an often overlooked aspect is that the duration of a technosignature is in principle almost entirely separable from the age of the civilization that produces it. We propose a classification scheme of technosignatures based on their duration, and we use Monte Carlo simulations to show that, given an initial generic distribution of Galactic technosignatures, only the ones with the longest duration are likely to be detected. This tells us, among other things, that looking for a large number of short-lived technosignatures is a weaker observational strategy than focusing the search on a few long-lived ones. It also suggests abandoning any anthropocentric bias in approaching the question of extraterrestrial intelligence. We finally give some ideas of possible pathways that can lead to the establishment of long-lived technosignatures.
Virialization of the Inner CGM in the FIRE Simulations and Implications for Galaxy Disks, Star Formation, and Feedback
Authors: Stern Jonathan , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Fielding Drummond , Quataert Eliot , Hafen Zachary , Gurvich Alexander B. , Ma Xiangcheng , Byrne Lindsey , El-Badry Kareem , Anglés-Alcázar Daniel , Chan T. K. , Feldmann Robert , Kereš Dušan , Wetzel Andrew , Murray Norman , Hopkins Philip F.
Published: April 2021

We use the FIRE-2 cosmological simulations to study the formation of a quasi-static, virial-temperature gas phase in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) at redshifts 0 < z < 5 and how the formation of this virialized phase affects the evolution of galactic disks. We demonstrate that when the halo mass crosses ∼1012
M
⊙, the cooling time of shocked gas in the inner CGM (∼0.1R
vir, where R
vir is the virial radius) exceeds the local free-fall time. The inner CGM then experiences a transition from on average subvirial temperatures (T ≪ T
vir), large pressure fluctuations, and supersonic inflow/outflow velocities to virial temperatures (T ∼ T
vir), uniform pressures, and subsonic velocities. This transition occurs when the outer CGM (∼0.5R
vir) is already subsonic and has a temperature ∼T
vir, indicating that the longer cooling times at large radii allow the outer CGM to virialize at lower halo masses than the inner CGM. This outside-in CGM virialization scenario is in contrast with inside-out scenarios commonly envisioned based on more idealized simulations. We demonstrate that inner CGM virialization coincides with abrupt changes in the central galaxy and its stellar feedback: the galaxy settles into a stable rotating disk, star formation transitions from “bursty” to “steady,” and stellar-driven galaxy-scale outflows are suppressed. Our results thus suggest that CGM virialization is initially associated with the formation of rotation-dominated thin galactic disks, rather than with the quenching of star formation as often assumed.
Analytic Estimates of the Achievable Precision on the Physical Properties of Transiting Planets Using Purely Empirical Measurements
Authors: Rodríguez Martínez Romy , Stevens Daniel J. , Gaudi B. Scott , Schulze Joseph G. , Panero Wendy R. , Johnson Jennifer A. , Wang Ji
Published: April 2021

We present analytic estimates of the fractional uncertainties on the mass, radius, surface gravity, and density of a transiting planet, using only empirical or semi-empirical measurements. We first express these parameters in terms of transit photometry and radial velocity (RV) observables, as well as the stellar radius R
⋆, if required. In agreement with previous results, we find that, assuming a circular orbit, the surface gravity of the planet (g

p
) depends only on empirical transit and RV parameters, namely the planet period P, the transit depth δ, the RV semi-amplitude K
⋆, the transit duration T, and the ingress/egress duration τ. However, the planet mass and density depend on all these quantities, plus R
⋆. Thus, an inference about the planet mass, radius, and density must rely upon an external constraint such as the stellar radius. For bright stars, stellar radii can now be measured nearly empirically by using measurements of the stellar bolometric flux, the effective temperature, and the distance to the star via its parallax, with the extinction A

V
being the only free parameter. For any given system, there is a hierarchy of achievable precisions on the planetary parameters, such that the planetary surface gravity is more accurately measured than the density, which in turn is more accurately measured than the mass. We find that surface gravity provides a strong constraint on the core mass fraction of terrestrial planets. This is useful, given that the surface gravity may be one of the best measured properties of a terrestrial planet.
Cosmological Constraints from Galaxy Cluster Sparsity, Cluster Gas Mass Fraction, and Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Data
Authors: Corasaniti Pier-Stefano , Sereno Mauro , Ettori Stefano
Published: April 2021

In recent years, the availability of large, complete cluster samples has enabled numerous cosmological parameter inference analyses using cluster number counts. These have provided constraints on the cosmic matter density Ω
m
and the amplitude of matter density fluctuations σ
8 alternative to that obtained from other standard probes. However, systematics uncertainties, such as the mass calibration bias and selection effects, may still significantly affect these data analyses. Hence, it is timely to explore other proxies of galaxy cluster cosmology that can provide cosmological constraints complementary to those obtained from cluster number counts. Here we use measurements of the cluster sparsity from weak-lensing mass estimates of the LC2-single and HSC-XXL cluster catalogs to infer constraints on a flat ΛCDM model. The cluster sparsity has the advantage of being insensitive to selection and mass calibration bias. On the other hand, it primarily constrains a degenerate combination of Ω
m
and σ
8 (along approximately constant curves of

and, to a lesser extent, the reduced Hubble parameter h. Hence, in order to break the internal parameter degeneracies, we perform a combined likelihood analysis of the cluster sparsity estimates with cluster gas mass fraction measurements and BAO data. We find marginal constraints that are competitive with those from other standard cosmic probes: Ω
m
= 0.316 ± 0.013, σ
8 = 0.757 ± 0.067 (corresponding to S
8 = 0.776 ± 0.064), and h = 0.696 ± 0.017 at 1σ. Moreover, assuming a conservative Gaussian prior on the mass bias of gas mass fraction data, we find a lower limit on the gas depletion factor Y

b,500c
≳ 0.89.
Comptonization as an Origin of the Continuum in Intermediate Polars
Authors: Maiolino T. , Titarchuk L. , Wang W. , Frontera F. , Orlandini M.
Published: April 2021

In this paper we test if the ∼0.3–15 keV XMM-Newton EPIC pn spectral continuum of IPs can be described by the thermal Comptonization compTT model. We used publicly observations of 12 IPs (AE Aqr, EX Hya, V1025 Cen, V2731 Oph, RX J2133.7+5107, PQ Gem, NY Lup, V2400 Oph, IGR J00234+6141, IGR J17195-4100, V1223 Sgr, and XY Ari). We find that our modeling is capable of fitting well the average spectral continuum of these sources. In this framework, UV/soft X-ray seed photons (with 〈kT
s〉 of 0.096 ± 0.013 keV) coming presumably from the star surface are scattered off by electrons present in an optically thick plasma (with 〈kT
e〉 of 3.05 ± 0.16 keV and optical depth 〈τ〉 of 9.5 ± 0.6 for plane geometry) located nearby (on top) to the more central seed photon emission regions. A soft blackbody (bbody) component is observed in 5 out of the 13 observations analyzed, with a mean temperature 〈kT

bb
〉 of 0.095 ± 0.004 keV. We observed that the spectra of IPs show in general two photon indices Γ, which are driven by the source luminosity and optical depth. Low luminosity IPs show 〈Γ〉 of 1.83 ± 0.19, whereas high luminosity IPs show lower 〈Γ〉 of 1.34 ± 0.02. Moreover, the good spectral fits of PQ Gem and V2400 Oph indicate that the polar subclass of CVs may be successfully described by the thermal Comptonization as well.
SILVERRUSH X: Machine Learning-aided Selection of 9318 LAEs at z = 2.2, 3.3, 4.9, 5.7, 6.6, and 7.0 from the HSC SSP and CHORUS Survey Data
Authors: Ono Yoshiaki , Itoh Ryohei , Shibuya Takatoshi , Ouchi Masami , Harikane Yuichi , Yamanaka Satoshi , Inoue Akio K. , Amagasa Toshiyuki , Miura Daichi , Okura Maiki , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Iwata Ikuru , Taniguchi Yoshiaki , Fujimoto Seiji , Iye Masanori , Jaelani Anton T. , Kashikawa Nobunari , Kikuchihara Shotaro , Kikuta Satoshi , Kobayashi Masakazu A. R. , Kusakabe Haruka , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Liang Yongming , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Momose Rieko , Nagao Tohru , Nakajima Kimihiko , Tadaki Ken-ichi
Published: April 2021

We present a new catalog of 9318 Lyα emitter (LAE) candidates at z = 2.2, 3.3, 4.9, 5.7, 6.6, and 7.0 that are photometrically selected by the SILVERRUSH program with a machine learning technique from large area (up to 25.0 deg2) imaging data with six narrowband filters taken by the Subaru Strategic Program with Hyper Suprime-Cam and a Subaru intensive program, Cosmic HydrOgen Reionization Unveiled with Subaru. We construct a convolutional neural network that distinguishes between real LAEs and contaminants with a completeness of 94% and a contamination rate of 1%, enabling us to efficiently remove contaminants from the photometrically selected LAE candidates. We confirm that our LAE catalogs include 177 LAEs that have been spectroscopically identified in our SILVERRUSH programs and previous studies, ensuring the validity of our machine learning selection. In addition, we find that the object-matching rates between our LAE catalogs and our previous results are ≃80%–100% at bright NB magnitudes of ≲24 mag. We also confirm that the surface number densities of our LAE candidates are consistent with previous results. Our LAE catalogs will be made public on our project webpage.
Molecular Clouds in the Second Quadrant of the Milky Way Midplane from l = 104.°75 to l = 119.°75 and b = −5.°25 to b = 5.°25
Authors: Ma Yuehui , Wang Hongchi , Li Chong , Lin Lianghao , Sun Yan , Yang Ji
Published: April 2021

In this work, we study the properties of molecular clouds in the second quadrant of the Milky Way Midplane, from l = 104.°75 to l = 119.°75, and b = −5.°25 to b = 5.°25, using the 12CO, 13CO, and C18O J = 1 − 0 emission line data from the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting project. We identify 857 and 300 clouds in the 12CO and 13CO spectral cubes, respectively, using the DENDROGRAM + SCIMES algorithms. The distances of the molecular clouds are estimated, and physical properties such as the mass, size, and surface densities of the clouds are tabulated. The molecular clouds in the Perseus Arm are about 30−50 times more massive, and 4−6 times larger than the clouds in the Local Arm. This result, however, is likely to be biased by distance selection effects. The surface densities of the clouds are enhanced in the Perseus Arm, with an average value of ∼100 M
⊙ pc−2. Here. we select the 40 most extended (>0.35 arcdeg2) molecular clouds from the 12CO catalog to build the H2 column density probability distribution function (N-PDF). Some 78% of the N-PDFs of the selected molecular clouds are well fitted with log-normal functions with only small deviations at high densities, corresponding to star-forming regions with scales of ∼1–5 pc in the Local Arm, and ∼5–10 pc in the Perseus Arm. About 18% of the selected molecular clouds have power-law N-PDFs at high densities. In these molecular clouds, the majority of the regions fitted with the power law correspond to molecular clumps at sizes of ∼1 pc, or filaments at widths of ∼1 pc.
Coupling a Global Heliospheric Magnetohydrodynamic Model to a Magnetofrictional Model of the Low Corona
Authors: Hayashi Keiji , Abbett William P. , Cheung Mark C. M. , Fisher George H.
Published: April 2021

Recent efforts coupling our Sun-to-Earth magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model and lower-corona magnetofrictional (MF) model are described. Our Global Heliospheric MHD (GHM) model uses time-dependent three-component magnetic field data from the lower-corona MF model as time-dependent boundary values. The MF model uses data-assimilation techniques to introduce the vector magnetic field data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, hence as a whole this simulation coupling structure is driven with actual observations. The GHM model employs a newly developed interface boundary treatment that is based on the concept of characteristics, and it properly treats the interface boundary sphere set at a height of the sub-Alfvénic lower corona (1.15 R
⊙ in this work). The coupled model framework numerically produces twisted nonpotential magnetic features and consequent eruption events in the solar corona in response to the time-dependent boundary values. The combination of our two originally independently developed models presented here is a model framework toward achieving further capabilities of modeling the nonlinear time-dependent nature of magnetic field and plasma, from small-scale solar active regions to large-scale solar wind structures. This work is a part of the Coronal Global Evolutionary Model project for enhancing our understanding of Sun–Earth physics to help improve space weather capabilities.
Taxonomic revision of the Calotheca parvula species group from southern Africa, with descriptions of three new species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)
Authors: D’Alessandro Paola , Iannella Mattia , Grobbelaar Elizabeth , Biondi Maurizio
Published: April 2021

Calotheca Heyden, 1887 is a flea beetle genus that occurs predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa, comprising 29 species. The examination of new material is revealing a significantly higher species richness and high intraspecific variability. A group of five species, occurring in the southernmost portion of the distribution range for the genus, is here attributed to the C. parvula species group: C. parvula (Weise, 1908), C. pallida (Bryant, 1945), C. danielssonisp. nov., C. oberprielerisp. nov., and C. prinslooisp. nov. Species in the C. parvula group have strong similarities in body shape and sculpture on the integument, spermathecal shape, and for most species the morphology of the median lobe of the aedeagus. A key to species of the Calotheca parvula group is provided along with photographs of the habitus, main diagnostic characters, median lobe of the aedeagus and spermatheca. In addition to the geographic distribution, the available information on the habitat, host plants, and phenology are provided for the five species analysed.
Cave-adapted beetles from continental Portugal
Authors: Reboleira Ana Sofia P. S. , Eusébio Rita
Published: April 2021

The cave biodiversity of continental Portugal faces tremendous conservation challenges, mostly linked to their direct destruction and contamination infiltrating from surface. Beetles are the most diverse insects and one of the most diverse arthropod groups in caves of Portugal.

We present the IUCN Red List profiles for the cave-adapted beetles from continental Portugal, all endemic to their respective geological units and massifs. Ground beetles (Carabidae) are the most diverse family of cave-adapted beetles in continental Portugal, followed by rove beetles (Staphylinidae). Beetles in caves of Portugal are mostly terrestrial and only one species is known to have evolved to live in groundwater. Trechus is the most diverse genus with four species, followed by Domene with three species, and by Speonemadus and Iberoporus, both with one cave-adapted species. The aim of this contribution is to assess all endemic cave-adapted species of beetles from continental Portugal and to support their specific protection, to promote an adequate management of surface habitats and the establishment of priority areas for conservation.

This document can be used in spatial planning and territory management in karst, based on the current scientific knowledge.
Grappling with homoplasy: taxonomic refinements and reassignments in the ant genera Camponotus and Colobopsis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Ward Philip S. , Boudinot Brendon E.
Published: April 2021

Camponotus and Colobopsis are widely distributed and species-rich genera in the ant tribe Camponotini. Molecular phylogenetic studies demonstrate that they are not sister taxa, but several lineages within each genus have converged to a remarkable degree, confounding the taxonomy of these ants. Based on multiple lines of evidence, including worker and male morphology, we demonstrate that: (1) three species of “Camponotus” belonging to the subgenus Myrmotemnus, including its type species, are in fact members of the genus Colobopsis; (2) four species previously assigned to Colobopsis belong to the subgenus Myrmamblys of Camponotus; and (3) three Nearctic taxa recently placed in Colobopsis are members of the genus Camponotus and closely related to Camponotus clarithorax. These taxonomic findings yield the following new or revived combinations: Colobopsis moeschi (comb. nov.), Colobopsis moeschi lygaea (comb. nov.), Colobopsis nutans (comb. nov.), Colobopsis nutans cleliae (comb. nov.), and Colobopsis reichenspergeri (comb. nov.); Camponotus apostemata (comb. nov.), Camponotus aurelianus (comb. rev.), Camponotus cavibregma (comb. nov.), Camponotus horrens (comb. rev.), Camponotus politae (comb. rev.), Camponotus trajanus (comb. rev.), and Camponotus yogi (comb. rev.). A further consequence is the following generic synonymy (senior synonym listed first): Colobopsis = Myrmotemnussyn. nov., and Camponotus = Dolophrasyn. rev. At the species level, we argue that Camponotus apostemata and Camponotus cavibregma are junior synonyms (syn. nov.) of Camponotus yogi, and Camponotus quercicola is a junior synonym (syn. nov.) of Ca. laevigatus. Taxonomic comments are also provided on some members of the Camponotus reticulatus group, with Camponotus adustus (stat. nov.) and Ca. leucodiscus (stat. rev.) being recognized as distinct species rather than subspecies of Ca. bellus. A male-based diagnosis of the Camponotini is provided, and differences between the males of Colobopsis and Camponotus are documented and illustrated for the first time. This study reveals new character systems of potential value to the systematics of these ants, including features of the male genitalia, and emphasizes the value of reciprocal illumination between phylogenomics and critical morphological analysis.
Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the Psammocora profundacella (Scleractinia, Psammocoridae): mitogenome characterisation and phylogenetic implications
Authors: Tian Peng , Xiao Jiaguang , Jia Zhiyu , Guo Feng , Wang Xiaolei , Wang Wei , Wang Jianjia , Huang Dingyong , Niu Wentao
Published: April 2021

Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence data have played a significant role in phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of scleractinian corals. In this study, the complete mitogenome of Psammocora profundacella Gardiner, 1898, collected from Guangdong Province, China, was sequenced by next-generation sequencing for the first time. Psammocora profundacella is the first species for which a mitogenome has been sequenced in the family Psammocoridae. The length of its assembled mitogenome sequence was 16,274 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes, two tRNAs and two rRNAs. Its gene content and gene order were consistent with the other Scleractinia species. All genes were encoded on the H strand and the GC content of the mitochondrial genome was 30.49%. Gene content and order were consistent with the other Scleractinia species. Based on 13 protein-coding genes, Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analysis showed that P. profundacella belongs to the “Robust” clade. Mitochondrial genome data provide important molecular information for understanding the phylogeny of stony corals. More variable markers and additional species should be sequenced to confirm the evolutionary relationships of Scleractinia in the future.
Analysis of carbohydrates in Saponaria officinalis L. using GC/MS method
Authors: Slobodianiuk Liudmyla , Budniak Liliia , Marchyshyn Svitlana , Kostyshyn Liliya , Zakharchuk Oleksandr
Published: April 2021

Saponaria officinalis L. (common soapwort), usually named fuller’s herb, is encountered in most of Europe, in Spain, France, Italy, for example, and also in Syria and North Africa. Saponaria officinalis L. is known in most of the world as an introduced species, often a weed, and sometimes as cultivated decorative plant. Saponaria officinalis contains a large amount of saponins, which foam during extraction with water. In addition to saponins, common soapwort also contains flavonoids, quillaic acid, fatty acids and different phenolic compounds. There is a lack of information about carbohydrates content of common soapwort. Thus the aim of this study was to determine the content of carbohydrates Saponaria officinalis L. herb and roots. The qualitative composition and quantitative content of carbohydrates in herb and roots of Saponaria officinalis L. were determined by using GC/MS method. The studies have shown that Saponaria officinalis L. herb is mainly composed of free carbohydrates such as D-glucose (3.65 mg/g), D-galactose (0.29 mg/g), D-fructose (0.20 mg/g) and D-saccharose (3.72 mg/g). In common soapwort herb, after acidic hydrolysis and derivatization with acetylated aldononitriles, D-arabinose, D-fucose, D-mannose, D-glucose, D-galactose, D-fructose and Myo-inositol were identified. Free carbohydrates in the roots of Saponaria officinalis L., including D-glucose, D-galactose and D-saccharose, were determined with GC/MS method too. D-saccharose was common among free carbohydrates of Saponaria officinalis L. in the largest amounts. Its content in herb and roots of the common soapwort was 3.72 mg/g and 25.39 mg/g respectively.
Anthyllis apennina (Fabaceae), a new species from central Apennine (Italy)
Authors: Conti Fabio , Bartolucci Fabrizio
Published: April 2021

A new species of Anthyllis endemic to central Apennine growing in dry pastures on limestone in the montane belt, within Abruzzo and Lazio administrative regions (central Italy), is here described and illustrated and the IUCN assessment is proposed. This new species belongs to the morphologically very variable Anthyllis vulneraria species complex and it is close to A. pulchella (south-eastern Europe and Caucasus), but it can be clearly distinguished by its smaller flowers, mainly light yellow-coloured, bracts longer than flowers, calyx pink-coloured (usually only at apex) and size of cauline leaves and leaflets. Furthermore, the name A. pulchella is here lectotypified, by a second-step typification, on a specimen preserved at PAD.
Un autre paysage dans une perspective de sobriété énergétique
Authors: Doreau Auréline
Published: April 2021

Pour viser la maîtrise de l’énergie, il est nécessaire aujourd’hui de construire un nouveau récit commun du paysage urbain et rural : des bassins de vie plus resserrés, des densifications d’usages sur un même lieu, des échanges humains accrus… Si des démarches existent, mises en valeur par l’École nationale supérieure de paysage (ENSP), la sobriété énergétique est encore peu palpable.
La transition se dessine par la base
Authors: Verdin Maxime
Published: April 2021

À cheval sur l’Indre et le Cher, marqué par un paysage verdoyant fait de vallons et de bocages, le Boischaut Sud, territoire affecté par les problématiques caractéristiques de nombreux territoires ruraux, voit depuis plusieurs années les initiatives alternatives essaimer. La dynamique de transition prend aujourd’hui de l’ampleur et se concrétise dans la démarche « Boischaut Sud en Transition », qui rassemble les forces vives et refonde le rapport au territoire.
Ordonner des pasteurs
Authors: Legrand Hervé
Published: April 2021

Les déséquilibres doctrinaux de la théologie courante de l’ordination aggravent la crise actuelle du clergé. Selon la Tradition, les pasteurs étaient situés dans leur Église et en vis-à-vis d’elle. Actuellement, prêtres et évêques sont surtout envoyés à leur Église, après une ordination qui les fait personnellement prêtres ou évêques, et en second lieu pasteurs d’une Église, après coup. Cet accent sur la personne individuelle des ministres (vocation antérieure à l’appel de l’Église ; pouvoirs personnellement possédés ; identification au Christ), grève l’ecclésiologie de communion et met l’accent sur l’Église comme organisation. L’évangélisation bénéficierait du retour aux équilibres traditionnels analysés dans l’article.
Le « sacerdoce » dans le discours catholique avant Vatican II
Authors: Chiron Jean-François
Published: April 2021

Le discours catholique sur le sacerdoce ministériel avant Vatican II peut être étudié à partir des textes pontificaux de la première moitié du XX e  siècle et d’une lettre pastorale du cardinal Suhard. Ces documents représentent les états ultimes d’une tradition qui fait du prêtre un homme séparé du peuple, médiateur entre Dieu et les hommes, dans une perspective christologique qui finit par définir son sacerdoce comme participation au sacerdoce du Christ. La prise de conscience, dans les décennies précédant le concile, de la nécessité d’un rôle « missionnaire » conduisit à vouloir faire du prêtre, homme séparé, un homme immergé dans le monde qu’il doit évangéliser. Il n’est pas sûr que le recours, alors renforcé, à la thématique de la médiation sacerdotale ait suffi à honorer un programme aussi ambitieux, sinon contradictoire.
Ce que la liturgie donne à voir des ministères
Authors: Prétot Patrick
Published: April 2021

Le contexte actuel de crise sanitaire mondiale et de crise des abus dans l’Église, invite les théologiens à renouveler leurs approches. Ceci vaut pour la question des ministères en liturgie. Parce que les célébrations « donnent à voir » ce que les discours peuvent omettre de considérer voire ce que l’on peut parfois chercher à occulter, la liturgie est en quelque sorte le miroir des impensés en matière ecclésiologique, ces présupposés qui suscitent des réactions spontanées au changement ou qui soutiennent des évidences ou des habitudes non critiquées. En relisant certains aspects de l’héritage du dernier Concile, l’article s’attache à mettre en lumière les apories que créent les décalages entre les discours et les pratiques.
Transformation des politiques de Santé et Travail au Brésil, à la lumière de la PDT
Authors: Lancman Selma
Published: April 2021

Les travailleurs impliqués dans les différentes institutions liées à la santé et au travail (ministères de la Santé, du Travail, de la Justice, et ministère public du Travail) sont responsables du respect du droit du travail, des normes de sécurité et santé au travail, afin de garantir que les principes du travail décent soient respectés. Ces institutions ont été marquées par tous les changements survenus au Brésil depuis la période de démocratisation dans les années 1980, et encore plus récemment avec les changements politiques qui se sont produits et le démantèlement de ces organes depuis 2017. Dans cet article, nous analyserons, à partir de la pdt (Psychodynamique du travail), certains aspects du processus de travail des différents agents responsables des actions de santé et travail et l’impact du démantèlement des politiques publiques dans leur santé mentale. Ces travailleurs ont participé avec un fort engagement dans les changements démocratiques du Brésil et sont maintenant exposés à la souffrance psychique face au revers de ces institutions vis-à-vis de la situation politique actuelle du pays.
Le sous-sol ou de la précarisation des subjectivités comme outil de la précarisation du travail
Authors: Karam Heliete
Published: April 2021

Il s’agit d’une intervention en psychodynamique du travail auprès de l’équipe de santé d’un centre de soins pour usagers d’alcool et de drogue, au Brésil. Y ont participé des psychologues, des médecins, des assistantes sociales, des infirmières, des ergothérapeutes, des aides-soignants et des agents administratifs. Les discussions ont porté sur les souffrances vécues par les membres de l’équipe dans le cadre de leur travail. Le point de départ a été le mot « sous-sol » – désignant initialement l’emplacement physique où l’équipe avait été installée par l’établissement public auquel elle était affectée. Nous soulignons comme résultat positif majeur le fait que l’équipe a réussi à transformer son organisation du travail, et cela dans la mesure où elle a attribué collectivement et coopérativement au mot « sous-sol » une nouvelle signification. Cependant, au-delà de la clinique, mais, à travers elle, ce texte propose d’illustrer comment la précarisation des subjectivités est utilisée par le néolibéralisme comme outil pour la mise en œuvre de la précarisation du travail.
O subsolo ou da precarização das subjetividades como ferramenta da precarização do trabalho
Authors: Karam Heliete
Published: April 2021

Il s’agit d’une intervention en psychodynamique du travail auprès de l’équipe de santé d’un centre de soins pour usagers d’alcool et de drogue, au Brésil. Y ont participé des psychologues, des médecins, des assistantes sociales, des infirmières, des ergothérapeutes, des aides soignants et des agents administratifs. Les discussions ont porté sur les souffrances vécues par les membres de l’équipe dans le cadre de leur travail. Le point de départ a été le mot sous-sol – désignant initialement l’emplacement physique où l’équipe avait été installée par l’établissement public auquel elle était affectée. Nous soulignons comme résultat positif majeur le fait que l’équipe a réussi à transformer son organisation du travail et cela dans la mesure où elle a attribué collectivement et coopérativement au mot sous-sol une nouvelle signification. Cependant, au-delà de la clinique, mais, à travers elle, ce texte propose d’illustrer comment la précarisation des subjectivités est utilisée par le néolibéralisme comme outil pour la mise en œuvre de la précarisation du travail.
Marchés démoralisés. Un retour critique sur le paradigme de la reconnaissance
Authors: Saburova Daria
Published: April 2021

Le concept de la reconnaissance, forgé dans les années 1990 par Axel Honneth, est désormais solidement installé au sein des disciplines empiriques ayant pour objet le monde du travail. L’évolution théorique du philosophe francfortois, marquée par l’abandon progressif de la centralité normative des luttes sociales au profit de la centralité normative des institutions, notamment du marché capitaliste du travail, laisse cependant un doute quant au potentiel critique du paradigme de la reconnaissance. Cet article vise à examiner les limites du modèle de la reconnaissance développé par Honneth dans Le Droit de la liberté . Il soumet également à la discussion les corrections apportées à ce modèle par Hans-Christophe Schmidt am Busch dans son essai récent Qu’attendons-nous du travail ?
Regulations on insects as food and feed: a global comparison
Authors: Lähteenmäki-Uutela A. , Marimuthu S.B , Meijer N.
Published: April 2021

Insects, as a food and or feed source, represent an emerging protein source relevant to farmers, feed companies, food companies and food marketers globally. The growth of this industry is somewhat restricted due to outdated food and feed regulations covering insect use. The regulations also do not allow the use of all potential insects as food and feed. Governments aim to ensure food and feed safety, and each country has its own substantive and procedural rules for this purpose. However, the regulatory demands and differences between countries complicate the international marketing strategies for insect products. Food and feed regulation are separate; feed regulation may allow insect usage even when they are not allowed as food. Some countries have specific rules for novel foods, while others do not. This paper compares insect food and feed regulation of the primary production and marketing areas: the European Union, the United States, Canada, and Australia. In addition, the situation in selected countries in Central and South America, Asia and Africa is also discussed.
Effect of pydiflumetofen onGibberella ear rot andFusarium mycotoxin accumulation in maize grain
Authors: Eli K. , Schaafsma A.W. , Limay-Rios V. , Hooker D.C.
Published: April 2021

In Ontario, Canada,Fusarium graminearum Schwabe causesGibberella ear rot (GER) in maize, resulting in the accumulation of mycotoxins, mainly deoxynivalenol (DON), DON-3-glucoside (DON-3G) and zearalenone (ZEN) in infected kernels. Fungicides can be an important tool for managing GER and DON and otherFusarium mycotoxins in maize. Until recently, all fungicides available to growers were triazoles, thus no resistance management strategy through fungicide use was possible. In this study, a novel carboxamide fungicide active ingredient (pydiflumetofen) was evaluated against conventional triazole fungicides and mixtures for: (1) effectiveness on mycotoxins (2) optimal application timing; and (3) efficacy of application, with and without an insecticide, under natural and inoculated-misted conditions. The best timing for fungicide application was at full silk, resulting in the highest reduction of GER symptoms and lowest accumulation ofF. graminearum mycotoxins in harvested grain. DON and DON-3G concentrations were reduced by at least 50% with a fungicide application at full silk. Fungicide treatments did not affect fumonisin concentrations in grain. Pydiflumetofen (94 g active ingredients (AI)/ha) and fungicides containing pydiflumetofen (75-94 g AI/ha) were similar to standard triazole fungicides (prothioconazole at 200 g AI/ha and metconazole at 90 g AI/ha) for reducing GER andF. graminearum mycotoxins under misted-inoculated plots and commercial field conditions; as a result, we expect pydiflumetofen to be competitive with triazole-only chemistries in the marketplace, which should delay the onset of fungicide resistance.
A Cross-cultural Learning Opportunity: USSR, 1985
Authors: MacAvoy Suzanne
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This article describes a unique and powerful cross-cultural learning opportunity combining a formal educational offering with professional site visits to hospitals in the Soviet Union. Logistics of the continuing education program are described. The health-care delivery system, as viewed during the site visits and as described by the Soviet health-care personnel, is shared.
TEACHING NURSING DIAGNOSES TO SCHOOL NURSES: A Curriculum Plan
Authors: Dunn Joan Dolce , Crosby Frances Stevralia
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This article will describe the development, implementation and evaluation of a continuing education program entitled "Nursing Diagnosis in School Nursing Practice." Designed for school nurses, the curriculum uses an experiential approach. The program's effectiveness was evaluated both in the classroom and in the school nurses' clinical practice setting via case studies and analysis of daily logs. Feedback was gathered regarding the value of the educational offering and the importance of nursing diagnosis in practice. Results of the program evaluation suggested a significant change in the learners' knowledge and application of nursing diagnoses. Clinical evaluation indicated that the nurses demonstrated an increased discrimination of their nursing domain. Nurse participants reported that both the continuing education program and the utilization of nursing diagnoses in their clinical practice were worthwhile. The experiential model for teaching nursing diagnosis to school nurses was supported as an effective way to impact upon clinical application of nursing diagnosis.
Nursing Ethics: Essential Component of Continuing Education
Authors: Cragg Catherine E
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Ethical behavior is an essential component of professional practice. In recent years, nursing has become increasingly aware of the need to prepare its practitioners for making the ethical judgments required by everyday practice. Nursing ethics has been emphasized in the curricula of undergraduate schools of nursing. Books and articles on the dilemmas nurses face and how to deal with them have been written. Research has been undertaken on factors which influence nurses' abilities to reach ethical conclusions. Little has been said, however, about the need for continuing education in ethics for nurses.
INTRODUCTION
Authors: Davis Elizabeth B
Published: April 2021

DESCRIPTION OF AMBULATORY SERVICES
BILATERAL ADRENAL HEMORRHAGE: A COMPLICATION OF PROPHYLACTIC ANTICOAGULATION
Authors: Head William C , Bynum Lincoln J
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: The following case report presents a rare complication, bilateral adrenal hemorrhage, following low dose heparin prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis in a 59-year-old total hip replacement patient. Symptoms associated with adrenal hemorrhage included nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, increased temperature and white blood-cell count, and a drop in the hematocrit. At no time either pre- or postoperatively were hematological studies abnormal.

Adrenal hemorrhage has been documented following therapeutic doses of heparin but is exceedingly rare following low doses of the drug. It has rarely been diagnosed before death occurred. It is concluded that use of low doses of heparin for prevention of deep vein thrombosis is of limited efficacy in patients undergoing total hip replacement surgery and its routine use is therefore not recommended.
WEIGHT BEARING IN PERTHES' DISEASE
Authors: Bellyei Árpád , Mike George
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Results of two different types of treatment for 82 varus-derotation femur osteotomies to cure Perthes' disease are presented. Patients were treated between 1974 and 1984. Postoperatively, in 30 cases weight bearing was allowed, while in 52 cases, non-weight bearing braces were applied. Comparing the results of the two groups and considering the risk factors, the authors found that non-weight bearing does not influence end results after proximal femur osteotomy.
INSTABILITY IN SPONDYLOLISTHESIS
Authors: Friberg Ora
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Anteroposterior translation as a sign of segmental instability was documented by tractioncompression radiography in the majority of lumbar segments presenting lytic or degenerative spondylolisthesis with normal disc space height Severity of lower back pain symptoms correlated with the degree of instability, but not with the amount of static spondylolisthetic displacement. Unstable spondylolistheses exhibited decreased viscoelastic behavior with creep, the degree of the vertebral displacement being dependent on the amount and duration of load. Disc degeneration and traction spurs seemed to be factors that may stabilize spondylolisthesis, even at an early age.
ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE IN INFECTION OF TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENTS
Authors: Thorén Björn , Wigren Anders
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was studied in 79 patients who underwent reoperations for prosthetic hip failures. Fifty-one patients had infected prostheses, confirmed on the basis of sinus formation and cultures taken at the revision operation. Twenty-eight had proven mechanical loosening of their hip prostheses, as five out of five intraoperative cultures were negative. An ESR level of 35 mm was found to represent an acceptable borderline between infected and non-infected prostheses.
INFLUENCE OF BONE STAPLE DESIGN ON INTERFRAGMENTARY COMPRESSION
Authors: Krackow Kenneth A , Mecherikunnel Paul
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Staple fixation, most commonly thought of as static, has been studied with regard to effecting dynamic compression. Features of staple design that relate to the creation of interfragmentary compression have been analyzed, and a simple manipulative technique to effect compression is illustrated. Compressive forces of bone fixation staples were measured using pressure-sensitive film. Thirteen staple designs were tested in a wood-block model and in cadaveric bone. Staples with legs splayed outward produced higher compressive forces than standard staple designs. Internal beveling of the staple leg tips also produced high compressive forces, while external beveling produced distraction. Staples with legs tapered over their entire length produced compression, but caused splitting in the woodblock model. Our results show that outward splaying of the staple legs is a simple method to increase compression in any staple design.
Comparison of General and Epidural Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Primary Unilateral THR
Authors: Brinker Mark R , Reuben Jeffrey D , Mull J Randy , Cox Dennis D , Daum Wayne J , Parker James R
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

One hundred ninety-five consecutive patients underwent 195 primary unilateral total hip arthroplasties between January 1988 and December 1993. Patients were divided into three groups based on the type of anesthesia utilized for their procedure. Group I consisted of 108 patients (59 women and 49 men; average age 56 years) who had general endotracheal anesthesia alone. Group Il consisted of 70 patients (41 women and 29 men, average age 58 years) who had general endotracheal anesthesia with epidural augmentation intraoperativeiy and postoperatively. Group III consisted of 17 patients (6 women and 11 men, average age 62 years) who had epidural anesthesia only. Data were analyzed by anesthesia group to compare a variety of clinically relevant factors. No statistically significant differences among groups were noted regarding average age at surgery, the underlying diagnoses leading to joint replacement, the number of preexisting medical conditions, length of hospitalization, nonsurgical operating room time, intraoperative blood transfusions, intraoperative femur fractures, deep venous thrombosis, deep infections, death, or the prevalence of postoperative urinary tract infections. Postoperative urinary tract infections correlated with duration of Foley catheterization, but not the duration of epidural catheterization. Significant differences among anesthesia groups were observed for two factors: 1) estimated intraoperative blood loss was highest for Group I (P < .05) and was primarily a function of surgical time (P < .0001), and 2) postoperative Hemovac output (over the first and second postoperative 24-hour periods) was greatest for Group II (P < .05). Epidural anesthesia appears to be a safe modality in patients undergoing primary unilateral total hip replacement.
Comparison of Warfarin Use in Total Knee Replacement vs Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Alexander Gerald , Gustafson Allen , Wise Gregory
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the efficacy of warfarin prophylaxis against deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) vs total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A review of venograms in 223 patients with THA and in 189 cases of TKA was carried out. The overall DVT rate in THA was 22%. The overall DVT rate in TKA was 46%. We conclude that combined or alternate methods need to be used to decrease the rate of DVT following TKA to that of THA.
The Orthopedic and Social Outcome of Open Tibia Fractures in Children
Authors: Levy Andrew S , Wetzler Merrick , Lewars Marie , Bromberg Jonathan , Spoo Jeffery , Whitelaw George P
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

To determine whether the accepted principles of management of open tibia fractures apply to children, 40 consecutive open fractures of the tibial shaft in skeletally immature patients were retrospectively reviewed. Attempts were made to evaluate the functional and social impact of open tibia fractures in children. All open fractures were initially treated by rapid irrigation and debridement which was repeated every 48 hours until soft tissues stabilized. The average age was 10.1 years and average follow up was 26 months (range: 1 8 to 84).

There were 1 6 grade I, ? 0 grade II, and 1 4 grade III open fractures. The grade III fractures were further subdivided into 6 grade HlA, 7 grade IHB, and 1 grade UIC. The average time to union was 7.5 and 1 1 .0 weeks in the grade I and Il fractures respectively, with no infections and no delayed unions. In grade III fractures, the average time to union was 15 weeks, with 1 infection and 3 delayed unions. Bone grafting using autogenous iliac crest was performed on 2 patients. The children surveyed missed an average of 4.1 months of school and 33% had to repeat a year. Twenty-five percent of the children complained of nightmares involving the events of the accident. Chronic pain despite solid union was found in 30% of patients. Forty percent of those surveyed (7 grade III fractures) complained of a limp.

The low incidence of soft tissue complications and infections in the study population supports applying in children the same basic soft tissue management principles of open fracture treatment as used in adults. While bone stabilization options are limited in children, the rate of successful union without adjunctive bone grafting is much higher than that of adults treated under similar protocols. Routine early iliac crest bone grafting is unnecessary. The prevalence of gait abnormality despite fracture union should be taken into account during the patient's rehabilitation. The extensive time missed from school and resulting scholastic setback should not be underestimated.
The Bridgeport Hospital Experience With Autologous Transfusion in Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Bernstein Larry H , Coles Maxime , Granata Attilio
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The transfusion records of 341 orthopedic patients who donated blood preoperative^ in the years 1992 and 1993 were audited to review the transfusion practices associated with the surgical procedures. The study sample underwent 182 total knee (TKA), 123 total hip (THA) arthroplasties, and 33 laminectomies with fusion (IAM) and 3 without. Data used were age, gender, predonation hemoglobin concentration (Hbd), initial (Hb1) and final (Hbf) hemoglobin concentration, surgical procedure, surgical blood order (SBO), and estimated blood loss (EBL). We analyzed for means and associations and differences between covariates. The means of EBL (mL), transfused units, donated units, Hb, (g/dL), Hbd, and Hbf (g/dL) for the most common procedures were: TKA- 272, 1.1, 2.1, 10.4, 13.9, and 10.1; THA951, 2.3, 2.4, 9.4, 13.8, and 9.9; and LAM- 589, 1.5, 2.2, 12.0, 14.6, and 1 1 .2. Phlebotomies for procedures with minimal blood loss, as for total knee arthroplasties, result in wastage. Autodonation under such circumstances takes patients to an unnecessary low hemoglobin concentration prior to either retransfusing the blood taken or discarding part of it. The number of preoperative autologous units donated can be reduced if predonation hemoglobin concentration is >15 g/dL and expected blood loss is not >2 g.
Placement of Screws in the Uncemented Acetabulum: Anatomic Analysis of the Danger Zone
Authors: Xu Rongrning , Ebraheim Nabil A , Farooq Amjad , Yeasting Richard A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Six cadavers were used to define the projection of the external iliac artery on the inner table of the acetabulum, and to quantitatively determine bony dimensions of the danger zone with regard to screw placement. The results showed that the majority of projections of the external iliac arteries were located on the superior portion of the posterosuperior quadrant and extended to the mid-superior portion of the anterosuperior quadrant (danger zone). The inferior portion of the danger zone was relatively far from the external iliac artery. The greatest depths of bone were found in the inferior portion of the danger zone, and the depths of bone in the middle and superior portion of the danger zone were relatively thinner. This anatomic study showed that the real danger zone was found in the middle and superior portions of the anterosuperior quadrant of the acetabulum. The inferior portion of the anterosuperior quadrant was relatively safer. This area may be considered if transacetabular screw placement in the anterosuperior quadrant is required.
Current Concepts in Joint Replacement
Authors: Morrey Bernard F
Published: April 2021

Joint Arthroplasty: Approaching the Millennium