bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Embedding Atomically Dispersed Iron Sites in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Frameworks‐Wrapped Silicon Suboxide for Superior Lithium Storage
Authors: Guo Xiaotian , Xu Hengyue , Li Wenting , Liu Yangyi , Shi Yuxin , Li Qing , Pang Huan
Published: December 2022

Silicon suboxide (SiOx) has attracted widespread interest as Li‐ion battery (LIB) anodes. However, its undesirable electronic conductivity and apparent volume effect during cycling impede its practical applications. Herein, sustainable rice husks (RHs)‐derived SiO2 are chosen as a feedstock to design SiOx/iron–nitrogen co‐doped carbon (Fe–N–C) materials. Using a facile electrospray‐carbonization strategy, SiOx nanoparticles (NPs) are encapsulated in the nitrogen‐doped carbon (N–C) frameworks decorating atomically dispersed iron sites. Systematic characterizations including high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM) and X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) verify the existence of Fe single atoms and typical coordination environment. Benefiting from its structural and compositional merits, the SiOx/Fe–N–C anode delivers significantly improved discharge capacity of 799.1 mAh g−1, rate capability, and exceptional durability, compared with pure SiO2 and SiOx/N–C, which has been revealed by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Additionally, the electrochemical tests and in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveal the oxidation of LixSi phase and the storage mechanism. The synthetic strategy is universal for the design and synthesis of metal single atoms/clusters dispersed N–C frameworks encapsulated SiOx NPs. Meanwhile, this work provides impressive insights into developing various LIB anode materials suffering from inferior conductivity and huge volume fluctuations.
Orthorhombic Nb2O5 Decorated Carbon Nanoreactors Enable Bidirectionally Regulated Redox Behaviors in Room‐Temperature Na–S Batteries
Authors: Huang Xiang Long , Zhang Xiaofeng , Zhou Liujiang , Guo Zaiping , Liu Hua Kun , Dou Shi Xue , Wang Zhiming
Published: December 2022

Regulating redox kinetics is able to spur the great‐leap‐forward development of room‐temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na–S) batteries, especially on propelling their Na‐ion storage capability. Here, an innovative metal oxide kinetics accelerator, orthorhombic Nb2O5 Na‐ion conductor, is proposed to functionalize porous carbon nanoreactors (CNR) for S cathodes. The Nb2O5 is shown to chemically immobilize sodium polysulfides via strong affinity. Theoretical and experimental evidence reveals that the Nb2O5 can bidirectionally regulate redox behaviors of S cathodes, which accelerates reduction conversions from polysulfides to sulfides as well as promotes oxidation reactions from sulfides to S. In situ and ex situ characterization techniques further verify its electrochemical lasting endurance in catalyzing S conversions. The well‐designed S cathode demonstrates a high specific capacity of 1377 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, outstanding rate capability of 405 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1, and stable cyclability with a capacity retention of 617 mA h g−1 over 600 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. An ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.0193% per cycle is successfully realized, superior to those of current state‐of‐the‐art RT Na–S batteries. This design also suits emerging Na–Se batteries, which contribute to outstanding electrochemical performance as well.
Dihydrophenazine‐Based Conjugated Microporous Polymer Cathodes with Enhanced Electronic and Ionic Conductivities for High‐Performance Aluminum Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Wenyan , Luo Lian‐Wei , Huang Xiuhua , Dong Peihua , Chen Yu , Zhang Chong , Huang Fei , Jiang Jia‐Xing , Cao Yong
Published: December 2022

It is fundamentally challenging for cathode materials to achieve long life, high capacity, and fast kinetics in rechargeable aluminum batteries, due to the strong electrostatic interaction between Al3+ and the host materials. Herein, the redox‐active dihydrophenazine (Pz) is coupled with pyrene (Py) or biphenyl (Ph) to develop two conjugated microporous polymers of PyPz and PhPz as AlCl4−‐hosting cathodes for aluminum dual‐ion batteries (ADIBs). It is revealed that the planar Py unit endows PyPz with an extended conjugated skeleton and a higher surface area than PhPz produced from the Ph unit with a twisted structure, thus leading to a higher redox activity for PyPz. Hence, the PyPz cathode delivers a much higher capacity of 231 mAh g−1 than PhPz (137 mAh g−1). Its porous structure and insolubility also ensure PyPz shows a superior rate performance and exceptional cyclability over 100 000 cycles. Meanwhile, the feature of fast kinetics for AlCl4− storage also allows PyPz to operate well at not only a low temperature (−30 °C) but also a high areal capacity of 2.53 mAh cm−2. These findings suggest that redox‐active conjugated polymers are promising advanced organic cathodes for sustainable ADIBs, where the electrochemical performance can be significantly enhanced by rational structural design.
A Disordered Rubik's Cube‐Inspired Framework for Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Ultralong Cycle Lifespan
Authors: Peng Jian , Zhang Bao , Hua Weibo , Liang Yaru , Zhang Wang , Du Yumeng , Peleckis Germanas , Indris Sylvio , Gu Qinfen , Cheng Zhenxiang , Wang Jiazhao , Liu Huakun , Dou Shixue , Chou Shulei
Published: December 2022

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) with fast‐charge capability and long lifespan could be applied in various sustainable energy storage systems, from personal devices to grid storage. Inspired by the disordered Rubik's cube, here, we report that the high‐entropy (HE) concept can lead to a very substantial improvement in the sodium storage properties of hexacyanoferrate (HCF). An example of HE‐HCF has been synthesized as a proof of concept, which has achieved impressive cycling stability over 50 000 cycles and an outstanding fast‐charging capability up to 75 C. Remarkable air stability and all‐climate performance are observed. Its quasi‐zero‐strain reaction mechanism and high sodium diffusion coefficient have been measured and analyzed by multiple in situ techniques and density functional theory calculations. This strategy provides new insights into the development of advanced electrodes and provides the opportunity to tune electrochemical performance by tailoring the atomic composition.
Furan‐Extended Helical Rylenes with Fjord Edge Topology and Tunable Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Luo Teng , Wang Yanpei , Hao Jiahang , Chen Ping‐An , Hu Yuanyuan , Chen Bo , Zhang Jun , Yang Kun , Zeng Zebing
Published: December 2022

Lateral furan‐expansion of polycyclic aromatics, which enables multipleO‐doping and peripheral edge evolution of rylenes, is developed for the first time. TetrafuranylperyleneTPF‐4CNand octafuranylquaterryleneOFQ‐8CNwere prepared as model compounds bearing unique fjord edge topology and helical conformations. Compared toTPF‐4CN, the higher congenerOFQ‐8CNdisplays a largely red‐shifted (≈333 nm) and intensified absorption band (λmax=829 nm) as well as a narrowed electrochemical band gap (≈1.08 eV) due to its pronounced π‐delocalization and emerging of open‐shell diradicaloid upon the increase of fjord edge length. Moreover, strong circular dichroism signals in a broad range until 900 nm are observed for open‐shell chiralOFQ‐8CN, owing to the excellent conformational stability of its central bis(tetraoxa[5]helicene) fragments. Our studies provide insights into the relationships between edge topologies and (chir)optoelectronic properties for this novel type ofO‐doped PAHs.
Rapid synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid from fruit processing residues seed oil by alkali‐dimethyl sulfoxide isomerization
Authors: Pojjanapornpun Siriluck , Sombutsuwan Piraporn , Chumsantea Salisa , Nakornsadet Akkaradech , Krisnangkura Kanit , Aryusuk Kornkanok
Published: December 2022

Rapid synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) by the alkali‐dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) isomerization method is presented in this study. Seeds from fruit processing residues in Thailand were screened as an alternative potential source of linoleic acid (LA)‐rich oil. Passion fruit with 72.10% LA and 26.18% oil in the seeds was selected as starting oil. The Alkali‐DMSO isomerization was carried out by mixing DMSO with alkali hydroxides and polyhydric alcohols. Under a mass ratio of 1:0.5:1:1 oil/NaOH/propylene glycol/DMSO, at 180°C, production of the major isomers of CLA (c9,t11, and t10,c12) was complete within 3 min, resulting in a 20‐fold increase in productivity compared to the conventional method. The reaction time decreased because of an increment in the basic strength of the alkali‐DMSO catalyst. CLA from alkali‐DMSO isomerization and commercial supplements showed a similar isomer distribution and yielded similar CC50 values when evaluated against the Vero cell line. This method might be an alternative in industrial production as it is fast and simply applied to the conventional system. In addition, seed oils from fruit processing residues can be used as an alternative to traditional LA‐rich oils.
Building Performance Simulation an der RWTH Aachen University – Serie: Gebäudesimulation und Berechnungstools in der Lehre
Authors: Frisch Jérôme , van Treeck Christoph
Published: December 2022

Diese Artikelserie stellt den Einsatz von Computerprogrammen in der Hochschullehre der Bauphysik und Gebäudetechnik für Architekten und Bauingenieure vor.

Seit 2013 wird an der RWTH Aachen University am Lehrstuhl für Energieeffizientes Bauen E3D das Fach „Energetische Gebäudesimulation“ angeboten. Zielgruppe bilden die Kernstudiengänge „Bauingenieurwesen“, „Umweltingenieurwissenschaften“ und „Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen, Fachrichtung Bau“ im Masterstudium an der Fakultät für Bauingenieurwesen. Ziel der aktuellen Lehrveranstaltung ist es, den Studierenden die theoretischen und praktischen Grundzüge der energetischen Gebäudesimulation zu vermitteln. Hierzu werden die theoretischen Grundlagen modular aufbereitet und detailliert in der Vorlesung vorgestellt. In der Übung werden die Grundlagen der Programmierung vermittelt oder aufgefrischt. Anschließend werden modular Teilkomponenten für eine Simulation in der Sprache Modelica selbst implementiert und programmiert. Dies ermöglicht es den Studierenden in angemessener Art und Weise durch die komplexe Themensammlung zu schreiten und sich mit Themen tiefgehend zu beschäftigen, die bei einer rein anwendungsbezogenen Sicht auf ein existierendes Gebäudesimulationsprogramm sicherlich zu kurz kommen würden.
Einfaches und schnelles dynamisches Modell für die Vorhersage des PV‐Eigenverbrauchs
Authors: Ochs Fabian , Dermentzis Georgios
Published: December 2022

Der breite Einsatz erneuerbarer Energien spielt eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Steigerung der Energieeffizienz des Gebäudebestands. Deutlich gesunkenen PV‐Anlagenpreise und die hohe Flexibilität bei der Stromnutzung für alle Verbraucher in einem Gebäude, also Raumheizung (und ‐kühlung), Warmwasserbereitung in Kombination mit Wärmepumpe, Hilfsenergien, Haushaltsgeräten und zunehmend auch Mobilität führt zu einem breiten Einsatz von PV. Jedoch ist die Einbindung von PV ins Gebäude komplex und erfordert die Anwendung von elektrischer und/oder thermischer Energiespeicherung und entsprechenden Regelstrategien. Dementsprechend ist die Bewertung und Optimierung der Möglichkeit, den PV‐Ertrag direkt im Gebäude zu nutzen oder zu speichern, eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe. Für eine detaillierte technische Analyse von PV und Energiespeichern auf Gebäudeebene wurden daher umfangreiche Gebäude‐ und Anlagen‐Simulationen anhand von Referenzgebäuden durchgeführt.
MicroRNAs play regulatory roles in genomic balance
Authors: Shi Xiaowen , Yang Hua , Birchler James A.
Published: December 2022

Classic genetics studies found that genomic imbalance caused by changing the dosage of part of the genome (aneuploidy) has more detrimental effects than altering the dosage of the whole genome (ploidy). Previous analysis revealed global modulation of gene expression triggered by aneuploidy across various species, including maize (Zea mays), Arabidopsis, yeast, mammals, etc. Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of 20‐ to 24‐nt endogenous small noncoding RNAs that carry out post‐transcriptional gene expression regulation. That miRNAs and their putative targets are preferentially retained as duplicates after whole‐genome duplication, as are many transcription factors and signaling components, indicates miRNAs are likely to be dosage‐sensitive and potentially involved in genomic balance networks. This review addresses the following questions regarding the role of miRNAs in genomic imbalance. (1) How do aneuploidy and polyploidy impact the expression of miRNAs? (2) Do miRNAs play a regulatory role in modulating the expression of their targets under genomic imbalance?
H2O2 feeding enables LPMO‐assisted cellulose saccharification during simultaneous fermentative production of lactic acid
Authors: Hansen Line D. , Eijsink Vincent G. H. , Horn Svein J. , Várnai Anikó
Published: December 2022

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) is a well‐known strategy for valorization of lignocellulosic biomass. Because the fermentation process typically is anaerobic, oxidative enzymes found in modern commercial cellulase cocktails, such as lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), may be inhibited, limiting the overall efficiency of the enzymatic saccharification. Recent discoveries, however, have shown that LPMOs are active under anoxic conditions if they are provided with H2O2 at low concentrations. In this study, we build on this concept and investigate the potential of using externally added H2O2 to sustain oxidative cellulose depolymerization by LPMOs during an SSF process for lactic acid production. The results of bioreactor experiments with 100 g/L cellulose clearly show that continuous addition of small amounts of H2O2 (at a rate of 80 µM/h) during SSF enables LPMO activity and improves lactic acid production. While further process optimization is needed, the present proof‐of‐concept results show that modern LPMO‐containing cellulase cocktails such as Cellic CTec2 can be used in SSF setups, without sacrificing the LPMO activity in these cocktails.
Nontargeted metabolomics integrated with1H NMR and LC–Q‐TOF–MS/MS methods to depict a more comprehensive metabolic profile in response to chrysosplenetin and artemisinin co‐treatment against artemisinin‐sensitive and ‐resistantPlasmodium bergheiK173
Authors: Wang Yisen , Tian Jingxuan , Chen Jie , Ni Shanhong , Yao Ying , Wang Lirong , Wu Xiuli , Song Ruilong , Chen Jing
Published: December 2022

Our previous work revealed mutual and specific metabolites/pathways in artemisinin‐sensitive and ‐resistantPlasmodium bergheiK173‐infected mice. In this study, we further investigated whether chrysosplenetin, a candidate chemical to prevent artemisinin resistance, can regulate these metabolites/pathways by integrating nontargeted metabolomics with1H NMR and LC–Q‐TOF–MS/MS spectrum. The nuclear magnetic resonance method generated specifically altered metabolites in response to co‐treatment with chrysosplenetin, including: the products of glycolysis such as glucose, pyruvate, lactate and alanine; taurine, closely associated with liver injury; arginine and proline as essential amino acids for parasites; TMAO, a biomarker for dysbacteriosis and renal function; and tyrosine, which is used to generate levodopa and dopamine and may improve the torpor state of mice. Importantly, we noticed that chrysosplenetin might depress the activated glycolysis induced by sensitive parasites, but oppositely promoted the inhibited glycolysis to generate more lactate, which suppresses the proliferation of resistant parasites. Moreover, chrysosplentin possibly disturbs the heme biosynthetic pathway in mitochondria. The MS method yielded changed coenzyme A, phosphatidylcholine and ceramides, closely related to mitochondriaβ‐oxidation, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. These two means shared no overlapped metabolites and formed a more broader metabolic map to study the potential mechanisms of chrysosplenetin as a promising artemisinin resistance inhibitor.
An intriguing case of a paravertebral extramedullary erythropoiesis presenting as tumor‐mimicking lesion in a patient with eosinophilia with FIP1L1‐PDGFRA rearrangement
Authors: Farah Sassi , Yoldez Houcine , Rahma Ayadi , Mona Mlika , Emna Braham , Mahdi Abdennadher , Faouzi El Mezni
Published: December 2022

Extramedullary hematopoiesis in the posterior mediastinum is rare. Our case interested a 28‐year‐old man with a history of eosinophilia with FIP1L1‐PDGFRA fusion gene who had a mediastinal mass surgically excised. Pathological examination concluded to an extramedullary erythropoiesis. This case is original by its location and the presence of only the erythroblastic line rearrangement.
Case of laryngeal venous malformations requiring repeated advanced airway management in the perioperative course
Authors: Maruyama Fumi , Masuda Takahiro , Nosaka Nobuyuki , Wakabayashi Kenji
Published: December 2022

Laryngeal venous malformations rarely but do cause airway obstruction resulting in life‐threatening events. The perioperative airway management for the patients with them has not been well established. We suggest a strategy for laryngeal venous malformations management in the patients who undergo surgery in addition to planning for airway management.
Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in liver transplant recipient: A case report
Authors: Ullah Kaleem , Baig Muhammad Asif , Dogar Abdul Wahab , Uddin Shams , Fatir Chaudhary Abdul , Asad Ali , Tahir Muhammad Junaid , Lee Ka Yiu , Mohamed Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien , Yousaf Zohaib
Published: December 2022

Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is a fungal brain infection with a high fatality rate. It is caused by dematiaceous fungi and is increasingly recognized as a cause of serious illness in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. We report cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in a liver transplant recipient. He was treated with multiple surgeries and antifungals and made a complete recovery. This report highlights that early and aggressive surgical intervention and extended antifungal coverage can have a positive outcome even in immunocompromised patients. The fungal infection in immunocompromised patients should be considered and treated aggressively.
Rhinogenic optic neuropathy with hemianopia caused by ethmoidal sinus mucocele
Authors: Oka Kosuke , Ando Wataru , Hagiya Hideharu , Higaki Takaya , Otsuka Fumio
Published: December 2022

A patient complained of acute right vision loss and headache. A computed tomography scan revealed ethmoidal sinus mucocele in the right ethmoid sinus that was compressing the optic nerve and emergency endoscopic sinus surgery was performed.
Acute myocarditis in a young male after gastroenteritis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Kyaw May Thu , Myint Thein , Lwin Thant Zaw
Published: December 2022

A 16‐year‐old patient presented with acute myocarditis after gastroenteritis. His ECGs showed STEMI‐like evolutionary changes. Serial troponin measurement was maximum on 3rd day. Echocardiography showed a mildly reduced ejection fraction (45%). He made an uneventful recovery after appropriate treatment. After one‐month follow‐up, his ECG and echo returned to normal.
Epilepsia Partialis continua secondary to diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Sayedahmed Ahmed Mahmoud Sayed , Mohammed Alkhair Ebrahim Abdelrahman Abdelgader , Mohamedali Abdalla Mohamed Abdalla , Mahgoub Mahmoud Saeed Saad
Published: December 2022

Epilepsia partialis continua is a rare epileptic syndrome presenting with simple, partial, repetitive motor seizures. It can be a result of structural central nervous system lesion or due to metabolic causes. We report a case of a 65‐year‐old male patient diagnosed with EPC secondary to diabetic ketoacidosis.
Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis and COVID‐19 management in a term pregnant patient; a case report
Authors: Mohammadzade Fatemeh , Khodabakhshi Behnaz , Amiri Elahe , Bigdeli Amir , Abdollahi Fahimeh , Fatemi Alireza
Published: December 2022

In this case report, we report a Covid‐19 infected female patient with gestational diabetes mellitus with primary manifestation of ketoacidosis at term pregnancy and discuss the management challenges with euglycemia and a high ketone burden.
Prevalence of coronary artery anomalies in 295 coronary computed tomography angiographies performed in Angola: Challenges and difficulties
Authors: Morais Humberto , Lourenço Preciosa , Martins Carlos , Cardona Lorette , Gonçalves Mauer A. A.
Published: December 2022

The present article describes the prevalence of coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) in patients undergoing coronary CT angiography at a private clinic in Luanda, Angola, and the clinical and angiotomographic characteristics of the two patients with CAAs. These anomalies are uncommon and constitute a significant challenge in resource‐poor countries.
A modified minimally invasive surgery for thoracic pyogenic spondylitis: Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in combination with a vertebral debridement in a separate posterolateral approach—A case report
Authors: Sato Yuki , Hashimoto Ko , Matsuda Michiharu , Onoki Takahiro , Kamimura Masayuki , Takahashi Kohei , Onoda Yoshito , Chiba Daisuke , Mori Yu , Kanno Haruo , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Aizawa Toshimi
Published: December 2022

In this report, we present a successfully treated case of intractable thoracic pyogenic spondylitis using one‐step curettage/bone grafting of spinal anterior segment and less‐contaminated percutaneous spinal posterior fixation via separated posterior approaches, which was not compatible with conventional spinal instruments.
Research on global register allocation for code containing array‐unit dual‐usage register names
Authors: Hu Yonghua , Zhang Xin , Wang Shuying , Liang Wei , Li Kuan‐Ching
Published: December 2022

Array‐unit dual‐usage register is a kind of register resource that can be read or written as a whole or individually. It is mainly configured in processors with SIMD processing units and provides register‐level speed data transfer between the scalar and vector processing units. To improve the efficiency of algorithms by using an array‐unit dual‐usage register, we investigate in this article the problem of adapting register allocation to code containing array‐unit dual‐usage register names. We propose a corresponding global register allocation method by combining the allocation of regular registers with array‐unit dual‐usage register, ensuring that the names of array‐unit dual‐usage register can be used in the input code of register allocation. Moreover, we present the processing framework of this method and the specific algorithms of some related vital aspects and demonstrate the working principles of the algorithms by an example. Experimental studies were conducted on a platform based on the FT‐M7002 DSP core, and showing that our register allocation method can effectively handle codes containing array‐unit dual‐usage register names and support relevant application algorithms to improve their data transfer scheme. For some typical algorithms with input matrix, substantial performance improvements of twofold or higher are achieved.
Development in Prescriptions of Contraindicated and Potentially Harmful QT Interval–Prolonging Drugs in a Large Geriatric Inpatient Cohort From 2011 to 2021
Authors: Then Melanie I. , Tümena Thomas , Sledziewska Anna , Gaßmann Karl‐Günter , Maas Renke , Fromm Martin F.
Published: December 2022

Regulatory authorities put major emphasis on QT (interval)–prolonging properties of new molecular entities. Product information/Summaries of Product Characteristics (SmPCs) of multiple drugs contain warnings or contraindications regarding QT prolongation, e.g., on coadministration of QT‐prolonging drugs (QT drugs). To characterize the development of the QT drug burden, we performed a trend analysis of prescriptions and co‐prescriptions of QT drugs in a large geriatric inpatient cohort. The German SmPCs (status of 2014 and of 2021) and the year‐wise listings in the CredibleMeds® database from 2011 to 2021 were used as sources. There were 402,631 geriatric cases included. The group of QT drugs according to SmPCs in 2014, which must not be combined with other QT drugs, was less frequently involved in contraindicated co‐prescriptions in 2021 compared with 2015 (3.0% (2.5–3.7%) of cases with at least one of those drugs in 2021 vs. 4.0% (3.5–4.5%) in 2015), with citalopram, escitalopram, and amiodarone involved in nearly 90% of the co‐prescriptions. The number of CredibleMeds‐QT‐drugs per patient increased from 0.4 (SD=1.1) in 2011 to 1.8 (SD=3.9) in 2021. The percentage of contraindicated co‐prescriptions of drugs with known risk for torsade de pointes according to CredibleMeds® listings at the beginning of the respective years increased from 1.7% in 2011 to 6.1% in 2021. Considering the regularly updated CredibleMeds® QT drugs list, the contraindicated co‐prescriptions of QT drugs markedly increased in the last decade. If prescribers considered only the few most frequently (co‐) prescribed QT drugs, then most of the medication errors regarding QT drugs could be prevented.
Investigation of Blue Coloration in Sapphires Using X‐Ray Absorption Near‐Edge Structure Spectroscopy (XANES)
Authors: Amphon Ratthaphon , Chankhantha Chawalit , Thammajak Nirawat , Intarasiri Saweat , Shen Andy H.
Published: December 2022

The color of blue sapphire has long been explained using the intervalence charge‐transfer (IVCT) [Fe2+‐Ti4+ and/or Fe2+‐Fe3+] theory, in which the blue can be reduced by thermal (heat) treatment in oxidizing condition to alter Fe2+ (FeO) to Fe3+ (Fe2O3). However, the color mechanism is not well understood. Recently, the band gap theory proposes that iron (Fe) in sapphire always presents as Fe3+, and the blue is caused by Fe3+‐Ti4+ pair, hence thermal treatment does not alter Fe oxidation. The UV–Vis–NIR, Proton‐Induced X‐ray Emission (PIXE), and X‐ray Absorption Near‐Edge Structure (XANES) techniques are carried out before and after treatment to prove this issue. The absorption spectra are slightly lower after treatment, corresponding with the reduction of blue color in all samples. XANES data reveal mixture of Fe2+ and Fe3+ (mainly Fe3+) in all samples, and show insignificantly change after heated which rather supports the band gap theory. However, calculation based on linear combination fitting (LCF) technique shows a slight change in the oxidation from Fe2+ to Fe3+ which rather supports the IVCT theory. It is noted that the highest change is found in the lowest ratio of Fe:Ti sample, while the lowest change is conversely.
Processing Additives for Solution‐Deposited Films of Zinc Phthalocyanine
Authors: Borovkov Nicholas Yu. , Kolker Arkadiy M. , Kholodkov Igor V. , Kholodkova Nathalie V.
Published: December 2022

Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) receives attention from the industry of optoelectronic materials; so, a much‐needed algorithm for uniformly crystalline ZnPc films unimpaired by grain boundaries is under development in the laboratory. Such films are obtainable from solutions based on the binary cyclopentanone–3‐dimethylamino‐1‐propanol system where ketone is a solvent and aminoalcohol acts as a multifunctional processing additive. This work reports on auxiliary additives intended to fully control the film formation: 3‐bromopyridine and two ZnPc‐based amphiphiles, including a novel one‐tailed amphiphile mimicking classic surfactants. The former component, removable from deposited films upon mild annealing, amends the vertical development of the three‐dimensional (3D) phase, while the latter ones normalize important physicochemical processes, such as solution spreading and solvent evaporation. Variously shaped ZnPc particles modified with the mentioned additives are prepared by drop‐casting and examined by atomic force microscopy with the emphasis on phase‐contrast imaging. Applied aspects for the said additives are outlined.
Nitrogen‐Containing Polymers Derived from Terpenes: Possibilities and Limitations
Authors: Scheelje Frieda Clara M. , Destaso Francesca C. , Cramail Henri , Meier Michael A. R.
Published: December 2022

Nitrogen‐containing polymers are widely applied materials, including polyamides, polyurethanes, and polyureas as well as epoxy thermosets. Their indispensability and the urgent need to replace fossil‐based polymers considering more sustainable alternatives lead to significant efforts in exploring renewable feedstock as potential new building blocks. Being obtained from non‐edible plant parts and often occurring as waste products, terpenes represent a promising group of renewable compounds that are of possible interest in the synthesis of nitrogen‐containing polymers. The structural diversity of terpenes in combination with the mechanical properties that nitrogen‐containing moieties bring into polymers can give rise to novel biobased materials that outstand mechanical and thermal properties of conventional fossil‐based counterparts. In this review, an overview of the use of terpene compounds in the synthesis of nitrogen‐containing polymers is given, covering different approaches to make use of terpenes as a valuable pool of renewable monomers.
Visible Light‐ATRP Driven by Tris(2‐Pyridylmethyl)Amine (TPMA) Impurities in the Open Air
Authors: Jazani Arman Moini , Schild Dirk J. , Sobieski Julian , Hu Xiaolei , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof
Published: December 2022

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of oligo(ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether methacrylate (OEOMA500) in water is enabled using CuBr2 with tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA) as a ligand under blue or green‐light irradiation without requiring any additional reagent, such as a photo‐reductant, or the need for prior deoxygenation. Polymers with low dispersity (Đ = 1.18–1.25) are synthesized at high conversion (>95%) using TPMA from three different suppliers, while no polymerization occurred with TPMA is synthesized and purified in the laboratory. Based on spectroscopic studies, it is proposed that TPMA impurities (i.e., imine and nitrone dipyridine), which absorb blue and green light, can act as photosensitive co‐catalyst(s) in a light region where neither pure TPMA nor [(TPMA)CuBr]+ absorbs light.
Application of computer‐assisted surgery in pediatric mediastinal tumor surgery
Authors: Liu Yao , Xia Nan , Duan Yuhe , Wu Xiongwei , Zhao Chunyang , Jin Chen , Chen Xue , Gao Qiang , Wang Yingming , Wang Feifei , Wang Fengjiao , Chen Yongjian , Dong Qian , Hao Xiwei
Published: December 2022

Background

Computer‐assisted Surgery system (CAS) is an effective medical imaging simulation tool, which is widely used in preoperative planning of surgery. The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical application of CAS in pediatric mediastinal tumor resection.

Methods

This retrospective study investigated 74 children who underwent mediastinal tumor resection between June 2008 and June 2022 at the pediatric surgical center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital. Preoperative chest computed tomography imaging was performed on all children. A total of 44 children (the CAS‐assisted group) underwent clinical image 3D reconstruction and preoperative simulation using Hisense CAS. The control group consisted of 30 children who underwent a conventional procedure without CAS. The demographic, preoperative, and complication data were analyzed and compared between the two groups. t‐test, Mann‐Whitney U test, X2 test, or Fisher's exact test were used accordingly in this study during analysis.

Results

The median operative duration was 119.00 min in the CAS‐assisted group and 140.50 min in the control group. The median intraoperative blood loss of the CAS‐assisted group and the control group was 14.00 and 31.00 ml respectively. Relative to the control groups, the CAS‐assisted group experienced shorter operative duration time (p = 0.041), and less intraoperative blood loss (p < 0.001). The difference in postoperative drain indwelling between the CAS‐assisted group (median:4.00 days) and the control group (median:7.00 days) reached a statistical significance (p = 0.001). And the duration of hospitalization after the operation for the CAS‐assisted group (median:7.00 days) was shorter than that for the control group (median:9.00 days) (p = 0.001). No significant difference could be found in the rate of blood transfusion (p = 0.258) and the incidence of postoperative complications (p = 0.719) between the two groups.

Conclusion

Hisense CAS could effectively assist surgeons to clearly determine the anatomical site of tumors and provide accurate preoperative simulation for surgeons, so as to assist surgeons to specify effective surgical plans for patients.
Horizontal ramping rate framework to quantify hydropeaking stranding risk for fish
Authors: Le Coarer Yann , Lizée Marie‐Hélène , Beche Leah , Logez Maxime
Published: December 2022

Hydropeaking due to hydropower production can have negative impacts on aquatic fauna. One of the mechanisms for causing impacts on fish and aquatic macroinvertebrates is linked to the rapid dewatering of habitats, which can result in stranding or trapping. The magnitude of these impacts depends both on the characteristics of the flow variations and of the river morphology, as well as biological parameters (species, behavior, etc). When discharge is rapidly reduced, the risk of impacts on fishes (and notably the risk of fish stranding in dewatered zones along the riverbank) is frequently assessed by calculations of vertical ramping velocity among other methods. However, to assess fish stranding risks, the lateral ramping velocity calculated as a horizontal ramping rate (HRR) appears to be a more relevant indicator as it directly measures shoreline drawdown rates. HRR has the advantage of integrating river morphology, but it remains challenging to calculate HRRs in complex situations such as braided rivers. Using hydraulic simulations of the Durance, a gravel bed braided river, we have developed an innovative approach for HRR calculation. Considering two simulated flows, the algorithms for the calculations require partitioning the finite elements into wet and drying meshes. To recommend rates of lowering discharges during hydropeaking events, further studies are required to evaluate more precisely HRR limits for fish stranding regarding biotic and abiotic parameters: species, sizes, nychthemeral cycles, temperature, substrate, and so forth.
Education for sustainable development: Secondary school teacher's awareness and perception of integration
Authors: Khalid Malik Muhammad Saifullah , Qi Zhanyong , Iqbal Mussarat , Zamir Samina , Fatima Malik Balqees
Published: December 2022

The pursuit of education for sustainable development (ESD) integration is imperative for appraising the implications and progress of the educational plan. Teachers are critical agents in delivering sustainable development content in formal education. Consequently, understanding the teachers' perspective is necessary for integration. This study analyses teachers' insights on integrating education for sustainable development. The teachers filled out a questionnaire concerning sustainable development, and data analysis revealed that teachers have positive awareness, poor attitudes and a detrimental state of behaviour towards sustainable development. The four focus group discussions were conducted to congregate teachers' perspicacity for sustainability education integration. The participant perceived reform in student‐teacher curricula, teacher's training programs, and embedding sustainability‐related subject content as an elementary enabler. They emphasised the vitality of administrative inputs and the government's role in successful integration. Three interlocking (educative, administrative and government) dimensions were advocated for sustainability integration in the school educative process.
Electrooxidation of Methanol on PANI‐CeO2@Pt Catalysts
Authors: Xiang Qun , Yan Ruiwen , Gao Guiqi , Wang Shuang
Published: December 2022

Polyaniline (PANI) and Pt were synthesized in sequence by in situ electrochemical deposition on CeO2 surface to prepare PANI/CeO2/Pt ternary composites (PANI‐CeO2@Pt composites). The electrocatalytic activity of PANI‐CeO2@Pt composite was measured to 226 mA⋅mg−1, which was 1.7‐, 2.3‐, 20‐flod as that of CeO2@Pt, Pt/C, and PANI@Pt catalyst, respectively. The PANI‐CeO2@Pt catalyst displayed noticeably the highest activity toward methanol oxidation after the 4000 s among the tested CeO2@Pt, Pt/C, and PANI@Pt catalyst. In a CO‐stripping experiment, PANI‐CeO2@Pt composites exhibited better CO tolerance. These results meant that highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles and the oxygen storage capacity of PANI‐CeO2@Pt contributed to admirable catalytic activities for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR).
Robust Biomass‐Derived Carbon Frameworks as High‐Performance Anodes in Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Jintao , Chen Guanxu , Zhao Siyu , Feng Junrun , Wang Ryan , Parkin Ivan P. , He Guanjie
Published: December 2022

Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) have become one of the promising candidates for electrochemical energy storage that can provide low‐cost and high‐performance advantages. The poor cyclability and rate capability of PIBs are due to the intensive structural change of electrode materials during battery operation. Carbon‐based materials as anodes have been successfully commercialized in lithium‐ and sodium‐ion batteries but is still struggling in potassium‐ion battery field. This work conducts structural engineering strategy to induce anionic defects within the carbon structures to boost the kinetics of PIBs anodes. The carbon framework provides a strong and stable structure to accommodate the volume variation of materials during cycling, and the further phosphorus doping modification is shown to enhance the rate capability. This is found due to the change of the pore size distribution, electronic structures, and hence charge storage mechanism. The optimized electrode in this work shows a high capacity of 175 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1 and the enhancement of rate performance as the PIB anode (60% capacity retention with the current density increase of 50 times). This work, therefore provides a rational design for guiding future research on carbon‐based anodes for PIBs.
Ensemble minimaxity of James‐Stein estimators
Authors: Maruyama Yuzo , Brown Lawrence D. , George Edward I.
Published: December 2022

This article considers the estimation of a multivariate normal mean based on heteroscedastic observations. Under heteroscedasticity, estimators that shrink more on coordinates with larger variances seem desirable. Although they are not necessarily minimax in the ordinary sense, we show that certain James‐Stein type estimators can be ensemble minimax, that is, minimax with respect to the ensemble risk considered in the empirical Bayes perspective of Efron and Morris.
Stabilization of solid lipid nanoparticles with glycyrrhizin
Authors: Salminen Hanna , Kasapoğlu Kadriye Nur , Özçelik Beraat , Weiss Jochen
Published: December 2022

This study investigated the influence of saponin glycyrrhizin on the formation and stability of solid lipid nanoparticles. The hypothesis was that glycyrrhizin facilitates the formation of stable crystalline lipid particles due to its molecular characteristics and slows down polymorphic transition. Tristearin solid lipid nanoparticles emulsified with glycyrrhizin at varying concentrations at pH 7 and 3 were generated by hot high-pressure homogenization. The influence of glycyrrhizin on the physical stability and crystallization behavior of solid lipid nanoparticles was evaluated by dynamic and static lights scattering, electrophoretic light scattering, optical microscopy, visual observations, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed that glycyrrhizin formed nanosized solid lipid nanoparticles at both pH 7 and 3. The glycyrrhizin concentration and the pH applied governed the crystallization behavior and the polymorphic stability as well as the physical appearance. Overall, glycyrrhizin showed remarkable ability to stabilize solid lipid nanoparticles against polymorphic transition over time. These results are relevant for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries to form stable carrier systems by using natural plant-based saponins as surfactants.
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein is a prognostic marker for a favorable outcome in three identified subsets in resectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
Authors: Knipper Karl , Lyu Su Ir , Goebel Heike , Damanakis Alexander I. , Zhao Yue , Bruns Christiane J. , Schmidt Thomas , Kashkar Hamid , Quaas Alexander , Schiffmann Lars M. , Popp Felix C. ,   the PANCALYZE Study Group
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is currently one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Therefore, building further subgroups as well as enabling individual patient therapy and diagnostics are needed. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is known to modulate apoptotic and inflammatory pathways. Its expression was found to correlate with patients’ survival in other tumor entities. This study aims to examine the role of XIAP in patients with PDAC in relation to the inflammatory microenvironment.

Methods

The PANCALYZE multicenter study group included 257 patients with PDAC. Paraffin-embedded tumor samples were stained immunohistochemically for CD3, CD20, CD38, CD56, CD66b, CD117, and CD163 and XIAP. These stainings were further analyzed digitally with QuPath and survival analyses were done.

Results

XIAP-positive patients with T-cell, respectively, neutrophil enriched tumors survived significantly longer compared to XIAP-negative patients (CD3: 37.6 vs. 24.6 months, p = 0.028; CD66b: 34.1 vs. 14.9 months, p = 0.027). Additionally, XIAP-positive patients showed better survival in the lymph node-negative population (48.4 vs. 24.2 months, p = 0.019). Regarding the total population, our findings did not show a correlation between XIAP expression and survival. In multivariate cox regression analyzes XIAP proves to be an independent factor for better survival in the identified subgroups (CD3: p = 0.043; CD66b: p = 0.012, N0: p = 0.040).

Conclusion

We found XIAP-positive subgroups with significantly better survival in patients with PDAC in T-cell-rich, neutrophil-rich, or lymph node-negative cohorts. This could lead to further individualized cancer treatment with less aggressive therapy protocols for XIAP-positive tumors or more intensive follow-up for XIAP-negative tumors.
Snowmaking in a warmer climate: an in-depth analysis of future water demands for the ski resort Andermatt-Sedrun-Disentis (Switzerland) in the twenty-first century
Authors: Vorkauf Maria , Steiger Robert , Abegg Bruno , Hiltbrunner Erika
Published: December 2022

Rising air temperatures threaten the snow reliability of ski resorts. Most resorts rely on technical snowmaking to compensate lacking natural snow. But increased water consumption for snowmaking may cause conflicts with other sectors’ water uses such as hydropower production or the hotel industry. We assessed the future snow reliability (likelihood of a continuous 100-day skiing season and of operable Christmas holidays) of the Swiss resort Andermatt-Sedrun-Disentis throughout the twenty-first century, where 65% of the area is currently equipped for snowmaking. Our projections are based on the most recent climate change scenarios for Switzerland (CH2018) and the model SkiSim 2.0 including a snowmaking module. Unabated greenhouse gas emissions (scenario RCP8.5) will cause a lack of natural snow at areas below 1800–2000 m asl by the mid-twenty-first century. Initially, this can be fully compensated by snowmaking, but by the end of the century, the results become more nuanced. While snowmaking can provide a continuous 100-day season throughout the twenty-first century, the economically important Christmas holidays are increasingly at risk under the high-emission scenario in the late twenty-first century. The overall high snow reliability of the resort comes at the cost of an increased water demand. The total water consumption of the resort will rise by 79% by the end of the century (2070–2099 compared to 1981–2010; scenario RCP8.5), implying that new water sources will have to be exploited. Future water management plans at the catchment level, embracing the stakeholders, could help to solve future claims for water in the region.
Technical and functional outcome after sacral neuromodulation using the “H” technique
Authors: Kasiri Mohammad Mahdi , Mittlboeck Martina , Dawoud Christopher , Riss Stefan
Published: December 2022

Background

Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a widely accepted treatment for pelvic floor disorders, including constipation and fecal incontinence (FI). In 2017, a standardized electrode placement method, the H technique, was introduced to minimize failure rates and improve clinical outcomes. We aimed to investigate the technical feasibility and functional outcome of the procedure.

Methods

In this prospective study, we evaluated the first 50 patients who underwent SNM according to the H technique between 2017 and 2020 at a tertiary care hospital. Patient demographic and clinical data were collected, and the impact of various factors on patients’ postoperative quality of life (QoL) was assessed after a follow-up of 40 months. Functional outcome was monitored prospectively using a standardized questionnaire.

Results

Of 50 patients, 36 (72%) reported greater than 50% symptom relief and received a permanent implant (95% CI: 58.3–82.5). We observed 75% success in relieving FI (95% CI: 58.9–86.3) and 64% in constipation (95% CI: 38.8–83.7). Complication occurred in five (10%) patients. Preoperative vs. postoperative physical and psychological QoL, Vaizey score, and obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS) scores revealed significant improvements (allp < 0.01). Male gender was significantly associated with postoperative complications (p = 0.035).

Conclusion

We provide evidence for the technical feasibility and efficacy of the SNM implantation using the H technique. The medium-term results are promising for patients with FI and constipation. Male patients and those with a BMI > 25 are more prone to perioperative complications.
The Buchweitz Set of a Numerical Semigroup
Authors: Eliahou Shalom , García-García Juan Ignacio , Marín-Aragón Daniel , Vigneron-Tenorio Alberto
Published: December 2022

Let $$A \subset \mathbb Z$$

A
⊂
Z

be a finite subset. We denote by $${{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {B}}\,}}(A)$$

B

(
A
)

the set of all integers $$n \ge 2$$

n
≥
2

such that $$|nA| > (2n-1)(|A|-1),$$

|
n
A
|
>
(
2
n
-
1
)
(
|
A
|
-
1
)
,

where $$nA=A+\cdots +A$$

n
A
=
A
+
⋯
+
A

denotes the n-fold sumset of A. The motivation to consider $${{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {B}}\,}}(A)$$

B

(
A
)

stems from Buchweitz’s discovery in 1980 that if a numerical semigroup $$S \subseteq \mathbb N$$

S
⊆
N

is a Weierstrass semigroup, then $${{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {B}}\,}}(\mathbb N{\setminus } S) = \emptyset .$$

B

(
N
\
S
)
=
∅
.

By constructing instances where this condition fails, Buchweitz disproved a longstanding conjecture by Hurwitz (Math Ann 41:403–442, 1893). In this paper, we prove that for any numerical semigroup $$S \subset \mathbb N$$

S
⊂
N

of genus $$g \ge 2,$$

g
≥
2
,

the set $${{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {B}}\,}}(\mathbb N{\setminus } S) $$

B

(
N
\
S
)

is finite, of unbounded cardinality as S varies.