bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disidentification in modern architecture products: Edirne government mansion
Authors: Bahtiyar Tuba Bülbül , Yaldiz Esra
Published: May 2021

Urban identity, architectural, cultural, economic, political, psychological, emotional, social and so on, contains many concepts. They are all values that differentiate the city from others and add meaning to the city. The buildings that contribute to the unique identity of the cities and have architectural features related to the period in which they were built play an important role in ensuring the cultural continuity of the city and carry the identity of the cities to the next generations. 20th-century modern architecture products, which started with the products of early Modernism in the early 1900s and were produced until the end of the 1980s in Turkey, make a great contribution to the formation of urban memory and the perception of the original identity of the city, as they bear the traces of a certain period. In this context, Edirne Government House, which was produced by a competition in 1964 as one of the representatives of Modern Architecture products, was considered within the scope of the study. The façade renovation that the building has recently undergone, which caused the loss of its original facade character in the historical city centre, has been evaluated according to international legislation. Interventions in the form of changing the original characteristics of an existing building cause the deterioration of urban identity and create problems in the correct perception of the city by negatively affecting the quality of urban life.

Keywords: Edirne Government House, urban identity, de-identification, modern architecture.
Na contracorrente do naturalismo
Authors: Botelho André
Published: May 2021

O artigo objetiva expor a matéria da reflexão de Manoel Bomfim e definir uma das suas linhas fundamentais de desenvolvimento. Na pesquisa do conjunto da sua obra procuramos explorar os elementos que configurariam a construção da sua problemática, isto é, as formas pelas quais Bomfim selecionou, formulou e resolveu aquilo que tomou como seu “problema”. Apresentamos, nesse sentido, a problemática da “educação como redenção nacional” em torno da qual se organizam a reflexão, a obra e a própria atuação políticointelectual de Manoel Bomfim no contexto social da Primeira República. Esta ênfase na educação teria permitido ao autor afastar-se do “paradigma” biológico dominante na época para realizar uma reflexão de caráter histórico-cultural relativamente pioneira sobre as possibilidades de remissão do “atraso brasileiro” e assim da própria inserção do país no progresso da “modernidade” burguesa através da educação.
A objetividade do conhecimento nas Ciências Sociais segundo Max Weber
Authors: Ghezzi Daniela Ribas
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo retomar algumas das questões suscitadas por Max Weber no tocante à metodologia utilizada pelo pesquisador em Ciências Sociais. Para tanto, tomo como base o texto por ele escrito em 1904, denominado “A ‘Objetividade’ do Conhecimento na Ciência Social e na Ciência Política” (Weber, 1999), no qual as questões a seguir foram levantadas pelo autor.
Identidade e fragmentação
Authors: Albernaz Lady Selma Ferreira
Published: May 2021

O artigo apresenta reflexões sobre o livro de Sherry Turkle, Life on the screen: identity in the age of the Internet. (1996). Realiza a análise interna da obra considerando o uso dos conceitos antropológicos, a metodologia e o alcance da generalização. Analisa criticamente as conclusões do livro, lançando mão de alguns autores que assumem posições diferentes da de Turkle quanto ao papel das novas tecnologias para a transformação da sociedade ocidental.
O uso ritual da Ayahuasca
Authors: Carneiro Henrique Soares
Published: May 2021

Resenha do livro "O uso ritual da Ayahuasca", organizado por Beatriz Caiuby Labate e Wladimyr Sena Araújo, Campinas: Mercado de Letras / São Paulo: FAPESP, 2002.
New records and synonymisations of Flemingia (Fabaceae: Phaseoleae) for Thailand, Laos and Myanmar
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani 41000, Thailand, Mattapha Sawai , Chantaranothai Pranom ,   Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002,  Thailand, Tanming Wattana ,   Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand, Pongamornkul Wittaya ,   Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand, Lanorsavanh Soulivanh ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, National University of Laos, Lao PDR
Published: May 2021

This paper presents five newly recorded species of Flemingia present in two subgenera; Flemingiastrum and Rhynchosioides. Four species are new for Thailand: F. nana, F. semialata, F. vestita and F. wallichii. One species, F. nana, is new for Myanmar, and one species, F. wightiana, is new for Laos. Two taxa, F. brevipes and F. latifolia var. siamensis, are synonymised under F. macrophylla. Detailed morphological descriptions and colour photographs are provided. A key to the species in Flemingia subgenus Flemingiastrum for Thailand is provided.
The Influences of Emotional Labor on Job Involvement: The Effects of Mediating Role With PE Fit
Authors: Hsu Ping-Fu
Published: May 2021

Research on emotional labor focus on related employees’ work outcomes, well-beings, and dissonances that could be ignored some moderation effects especially between emotional labor and job involvement. This study focused on difference types of PE fit that individual fit take a mediation role between emotional labor and job involvement. Data from 230 convenience store full time (71.7%) and part time job (28.3%) working employees were collected. Results indicate that difference types of PE fit predicated mediating effects influenced the relationship between predictor (emotional labor) and criterion variables (job involvement). Further, person organization fit evidenced positive effects on job identity.
Transformations in the devices of power: homeschooling and the production of the self-businessman of the neoliberalism
Authors: Carvalho Lucas de Oliveira , Vieira Juliana Santos Monteiro
Published: May 2021

This article aims to discuss how the growing debates around the homeschooling model are effects of the transformations in the power devices of today. From authors such as Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze and others, we will seek to raise some indications of how the society of industrial capitalism of Modernity, operationalized by disciplinary devices of power and which has institutions such as the school, playing a fundamental role in the formation of subjectivities, are suffering a process of flexibility in its mechanisms of power, something typical of the current neoliberal capitalism model. We will try to show, in this context, how the model of homeschooling is not only aligned with the flexibilities of neoliberalism, but, mainly, with the production of a new type of subject, the self-businessman. We aim, therefore, to contribute with the investigations about the intentions and functionalities of the homeschooling model that tries to spread in Brazil, paying attention to the production of these subjectivities.
MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OFCICONIA BOYCIANA(AVES: CICONIIDAE) TRACKS IN HOMOGENEOUS SEDIMENT
Authors: TANAKA IKUKO
Published: May 2021

The morphological variability of Ciconia boyciana (oriental white stork) tracks is documented in an actualistic ichnological experiment using wet potter's clay. Measurements were obtained from 54 tracks left by two individuals comprising area, length, width, depth, volume, and rotation for each track. The trackmakers were also filmed while walking. An anatomical feature unique to C. boyciana is that, unlike other wading birds, it does not leave metatarsophalangeal pad impressions. This feature can be used to distinguish C. boyciana tracks from those left by other birds of similar body weight and habitat. Track width varied by up to 30%, with wider tracks showing more splayed digits occurring in trackways with shorter stride length and larger trackway width. Conversely, narrow trackways with a large stride length were composed of tracks with a smaller digit divarication. Coefficient analysis of track geometry revealed that the widths and depths of tracks vary inversely to maintain a consistent volume. Sorting the C. boyciana tracks into morphological types (14 types for avians with four digits) demonstrates the result that most tracks are deeper between digits III and IV than between digits II and III. Combining track data with video footage shows that C. boyciana moves its hips from side to side while walking. Noting that the tracks within any given trackway are outwardly rotated, we interpret this track morphology as resulting from laterally directed pressure exerted primarily through digit IV.
Prevalence and Risk factors of Infertility in a Mongolian Population
Authors: Negdel Tuvshinbayar , Ulziisaikhan Khishigjargal , Sengebaljir Davaakhuu , Enkhbat Arigbukh , Munkhbayar Badrakh , Bilegsuren Khantushig , Ganbold Ariunaa , Nanjid Khuderchuluun , Readhead Carol W. , Erkhembaatar Lkhagva-Ochir , Tuduvdorj Ekhembaatar , Malchinkhuu Munkhzol , Enkhtaivan Odkhuu
Published: May 2021

Background: Worldwide, the median prevalence of infertility is 9%, but rates in different countries vary from 3.5% to 16.7%. Infertility, which is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the failure to conceive after 12 months of unprotected regular sexual intercourse, is reproductive health problems carries a social stigma and can greatly impact a couple’s self-esteem and wellbeing. There are a number of risk factors associated with infertility such as: culture, socio-economic factors, age and health care including treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. We have achieved the first population-based study on the prevalence of infertility in reproductive aged women in Mongolia, and the factors that influence it.Method: We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in 4 regions (Khangai, Eastern, Western, Central) of Mongolia and the capital city Ulaanbaatar. Our questionnaire consisted of categories that influenced infertility such as: socio-economic status, lifestyle factors, health, reproductive history, present status and sexual function. Trained staff conducted face-to-face interviews with the participants.Results: A total of 1,920 couples residing in 4 regions of Mongolia and the capital city, Ulaanbaatar were studied. The median prevalence rate of infertility was 7.2%, which is similar to the worldwide infertility rate of 9%. Primary and secondary infertility was 2.4% and 4.8% respectively. Our study showed that the most important risk factors for infertility were age, rural living, low levels of education, obesity and diseases of the female reproductive system. Only 14.8% of infertile patients received hormone therapy, and even fewer infertile patients (0.8%) received in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment.Conclusions: The prevalence rate of infertility is comparable to global rates among other developing countries. Our study shows that significant risk factors for infertility were: age, living in rural communities, having a low level of education, obesity and diseases of the female reproductive system. Occupational conditions, and monthly household income were not significant risk factors for infertility. Since this is the first population-based study in Mongolia we were not able to measure trends in infertility prevalence but intend to do so in the future.
Direct and indirect transactions and requirements
Authors: Coskun Husna Betul , Coskun Huseyin
Published: May 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Liquid Hydrocarbons Production by the Steam Gasification of Used Tires: Energy Characteristics and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Larionov Kirill B , Slyusarskiy Konstantin Vitalyevich , Kirgina Maria V , Gvozdyakov Dmitriy V , Bogdanov Ilya A , Zenkov Andrey V , Yankovsky Stanislav A , Gubin Vladimir E
Published: May 2021

The technical characteristics of liquid hydrocarbons obtained by steam gasification of the recycled automobile tires were studied as well as the features of their combustion process. Steam gasification of grinded tires was carried out in a tubular reactor using superheated steam with 500°C temperature and 5 kg/h mass flow rate. The obtained characteristics were compared with a traditional liquid fuel oil. The technical characteristics were determined via the standard analytical methods. An ignition and a combustion of liquid hydrocarbon samples were carried out in the combustion chamber at different temperatures of heating medium Tg = 450–700°C. Gas-phase combustion products were analyzed using a flow-through gas analyzer. It was found that liquid hydrocarbons were characterized by a low pour point (-43°C – (-52) °C) and comparable to calorific value of traditional fuel oil (40.56–43.3 MJ/kg). In addition, the studied samples of liquid hydrocarbons were characterized by a lower ignition delay time (by 56 %, on average) and flame burning time (by 30 %, on average). Combustion process of the studied samples (including traditional fuel oil) was accompanied by the formation of micro-explosions.
Establishment and validation of a prognostic risk classification for patients with stage T1-3N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Huang Yangyu , Zheng Yan , Liang Shen-Hua , Wu Lei-Lei , Liu Xuan , Xing Wen-Qun , Ma GuoWei
Published: May 2021

Background: No existing methods can accurately predict postoperative prognosis in patients with stage T1-3N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We explored the postoperative prognosis of such patients using a new prognostic risk classification system (Esorisk). Methods: Patients with stage T1-3N0M0 ESCC from two cancer centers—Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (training cohort: N=819) and Henan Cancer Hospital (external validation cohort: N=177)—who underwent esophagectomy between 1995 and 2015 were included. We integrated significant risk factors for death events into multivariable logistic regression models and applied them to the training cohort to build Esorisk. The parsimonious aggregate Esorisk score was calculated for each patient; the training set was divided into three prognostic risk classes according to the 33rd and 66th Esorisk score percentiles. Esorisk’s association with cancer-specific survival (CSS) was assessed using Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Results: The Esorisk model was: [10 + 0.023 × age + 0.517 × drinking history – 0.012 × hemoglobin – 0.042 × albumin – 0.032 × lymph nodes removed]. Patients were grouped into three classes—Class A (5.14-7.26, low risk), Class B (7.27-7.70, middle risk), and Class C (7.71-9.29, high risk). In the training group, the 5-year CSS decreased across categories (A: 63%, B: 52%, C: 30%; log-rank P<0.001). Similar findings were observed in the validation group (A: 81%, B: 69%, C: 48%; log-rank P<0.001). Esorisk stratified the CSS in patients from two cohorts with stage pT1 (P=0.0029), pT2 (P<0.001), or pT3 (P<0.001) disease. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses showed that the Esorisk aggregate score remained significantly associated with CSS in the training cohort (P<0.001) and validation cohort (P=0.001) after adjusting for pT stage and tumor differentiation. Conclusion: We established and validated a novel prognostic risk classification that can predict the CSS for patients with T1-3N0M0 ESCC. This may help clinicians identify patient subgroups with poor prognosis.
Spontaneous Caesarean scar associated with ectopic tubal twin pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Zhang Ting , Wu Fang , Gong Mi , Gao Yingchun
Published: May 2021

BackgroundTwin ectopic pregnancy is a rare disease. Herein we report a rare case of spontaneous caesarean scar pregnancy co-existing with tubal pregnancy, and review the relevant literature with respect to treatments.Case presentationA 36-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with complaints of 48 days of menopause and 20 days of vaginal bleeding. Physical examinations and medically assisted examinations suggested the existence of spontaneous caesarean scar pregnancy co-existing with tubal pregnancy. The patient underwent laparoscopic left retrograde salpingectomy and excision of the caesarean scar pregnancy. The patient recovered well during outpatient follow-ups.ConclusionsDue to the rarity and particularity of spontaneous caesarean scar associated with ectopic tubal twin pregnancy, accurate diagnosis preoperatively seems particularly difficult. During this report, the possibility of twin ectopic pregnancy should be borne in mind in order to avoid missed diagnosis when meeting women of gestational age who have menopause.
Psychological Distress of Testing Positive for Human Papillomavirus at Routine Prenatal Visits: A Prospective Observational Study among Chinese Pregnant Women with Normal Cytology
Authors: Hu Yifan , Gu Liyin , Hong Zubei , Yu Hong , Zhang Yu , Lin Jianhua , Qiu Lihua , Di Wen
Published: May 2021

Background To explore the psychological impact of the positive HPV result on pregnant women with normal cytology. Methods The psychological distress level of HPV-positive women was compared with those of HPV-negative women before the results were notified. After the notification, the distress level of women in the HPV-positive group was assessed for the 2nd time and 3rd time before colposcopy and 2 weeks post-colposcopy. The lifestyle characteristics, knowledge of cervical cancer and screening behavior were compared between groups. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between socio-demographic, lifestyle, knowledge and risk of elevated distress level. Results No statistical difference of the distress level (as measured by PHQ-9 and GAD-7) was found between HPV-positive and -negative women. Within HPV-positive group, low distress level remained through all three time-points, regardless of HPV subtypes or colposcopy diagnoses. Half of the participants were suboptimally screened before this study conducted; 7.6% were aware of the causal relationship between HPV and cervical cancer. Post-graduate degree was associated with elevated PHQ-9 score. Conclusions HPV screening was unlikely to cause additional psychological distress among pregnant population in China.
A new method for obtaining bankable and expandable adult-like microglial cells
Authors: You Min-Jung , Rim Chan , Kang Youn-Jung , Kwon Min-Soo
Published: May 2021

Background The emerging role of microglia in neurological disorders requires a novel method for obtaining massive amounts of adult microglia. We aim to develop a new method for obtaining bankable and expandable adult-like microglial cells.Methods The head neuroepithelial layer (NEL) that composed of microglial progenitor and neuroepithelial cells at mouse E13.5 was dissected and then cultured or banked. CD11b-positive cells (NEL-MG) were isolated from the cultured NEL by magnetic-activated cell sorting system (MACS).Results The NEL included microglia progenitors that proliferate and ramify over time with neuroepithelial cells as feeder. Functional validation with a MACS using the NEL showed that the NEL-MG exhibited microglial functions, such as phagocytosis (microbeads, amyloid β, synaptosome), migration, and inflammatory changes following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. NEL was subcultured and the NEL-MG exhibited a higher expression of microglia signature genes than the neonatal microglia, a widely used in vitro surrogate. Banking or long-term subculture of NEL did not affect NEL-MG characteristics. Transcriptome analysis revealed that NEL-MG exhibited better conservation of microglia signature genes with a closer fidelity to freshly isolated adult microglia than neonatal microglia. NEL-MG could be re-expandable when they were plated again on neuroepithelial cellsConclusions This new method effectively contributes to obtaining adult-like microglial cells, even when only a small number of experimental animals are available, leading to a broad application in neuroscience-associated fields.
Past Month Alcohol Intake and Subjective Cognitive Complaints Amongst Men and Women in Ghana
Authors: Dey Nutifafa Eugene Yaw , Ansah Kenneth Owusu , Darkwah Ernest , Duodu Precious Adade , Bayuo Jonathan , Agbadi Pascal
Published: May 2021

Background: Alcohol is widely used globally, and its intake has deleterious effects on cognitive functions. The relationship between alcohol intake and cognition has received extensive scientific investigation elsewhere but with little to no research coming from Ghana. The study examined the relationship between past-month alcohol intake and subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) amongst men and women controlling for the effects of covariates.Methods: Data of 4358 men and 12483 women aged 18 to 49 years from the Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Six (GMICS 6) collected between 2017 and 2018 was used. Participants responded to self-report single-item questions measuring past month alcohol use and cognition difficulty levels. Ordered logistic regression models were built separately for men and women in Stata 14. Results: After adjusting for age, education levels, insurance, marital status, rural-urban residence, and region of residence, it was found that past-month alcohol intake was related to high levels of SCCs. However, the size of the odds ratio indicated a slightly higher effect in men [APOR=1.38, 95% CI:1.07, 1.79] than in women [APOR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.46]. Other significant relationships between covariates and SCCs are reported. Conclusion: Past month alcohol intake is related to high levels of SCCs of Ghanaian men and women. This finding highlights the need to implement and enforce policies to regulate the harmful use of alcohol amongst Ghanaians.
PNA-TPP Targeting Drp1 of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cancer Stem Cells Enhance the Sensitivity to Cisplatin
Authors: Xie Lixia , Cheng Yong , Hu Ping , Ye Xiaoqun
Published: May 2021

The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is the source of occurrence, aggravation, and recurrence of lung cancer. Accordingly, targeting the lung CSCs has been suggested to be an effective approach for lung cancer treatment. Mitochondrial dynamics are currently considered to be closely related to apoptosis. Drp1 is the key component of the mitochondrial fission machinery. Our study indicated that peptide nucleic acid (PNA) promoting dynamic related protein 1 (Drp1) expression improved cell apoptosis and the sensitivity to cisplatin (CDDP) in lung adenocarcinoma cancer stem cell. Interestingly, overexpression of Drp1 had a similar effect with PNA, and knockdown of Drp1 did the opposite. These data suggested that PNA promote cell apoptosis and enhance the sensitivity to CDDP of lung CSCs via Drp1. It will be of great interest to further explore the therapeutic strategies of lung cancer.
Single Neuronal and Glial Gene Expression in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius in an Alcohol Withdrawal Time Series Reveals Novel Cellular Phenotypes and Networks
Authors: O’Sullivan Sean J. , -Clarke Damani McIntosh , Park James , Vadigepalli Rajanikanth , Schwaber James S .
Published: May 2021

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is characterized by neuronal hyperexcitability, autonomic dysregulation, and severe negative emotion. The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) is largely responsible for the neurological processes underlying these symptoms as it is the main viscerosensory nucleus in the brain. The NTS receives visceral interoceptive inputs, influences autonomic outputs, and has strong connections to the limbic system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to maintain homeostasis. Our prior analysis of single neuronal gene expression data from the NTS shows that neurons exist in heterogeneous transcriptional states that form distinct functional subphenotypes. Our working model conjectures that chronic ethanol induces a state of allostasis in which NTS neurons and peripheral tissues generally compensate for the persistent presence of alcohol, and that abrupt abstinence causes central and peripheral biological network decompensation resulting in the observed AWS. We collected single noradrenergic and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) neurons and microglia from rat NTS and measured a subset of their transcriptome in an alcohol withdrawal time series. Inflammatory subphenotypes predominate at certain time points, and GLP-1 subphenotypes demonstrated hyperexcitability post-withdrawal. We hypothesize such inflammatory and anxiogenic signaling contributes to alcohol dependence via negative reinforcement. Targets to mitigate such dysregulation and treat dependence can be identified from this dataset.
Identification and Prioritization of Critical Factors Affecting the Performance of Hospitals, Using the Best-Worst Method: A prospective approach in Iran
Authors: Shojaei Payam , Pourmohammadi Kimia , Bastani Peivand , Hatam Nahid , Hayati Ramin
Published: May 2021

Background: due to the numerous and ever-changing internal and external factors affecting health care performance, it seems essential to identify and prioritize them for managers and policy makers to make decisions easier, faster and more accurate. In this regard, the Best-Worst Method (BWM) is considered as a novel and innovative way to meet such an objective. Methods: At first, due to the large number of factors and indicators, the content validity ratio (CVR) was used to screen them. After that a Pairwise comparisons were conducted between the best and the worst criteria and the other one. Then Modeling the research problem through linear programming and finding the optimal weights.Results: the most effective internal factors from the experts’ viewpoint were the financial indicators such as “the ratio of personnel wage costs to the total revenues”, “the ratio of the costs of drugs and medical consumer goods to the total costs”. The external macro factors (driving forces) that were most influential were the “structure of the payment system and strategic service purchasing by insurance companies based on quality and price”, “the structure of tariffs” and the “fairness of the staff payment system”. Conclusion: The results showed that external factors had greater impacts on the performance of public hospitals than internal factors (efficiency and effectiveness). Therefore, when assessing the performance and improvement interventions of hospital, not only internal indicators should be measured, but also external factors, including political and economic policies and approaches governing the health system need to be taken into account.
Dietary Intake and Food Sources of Choline Among Pregnant Women Attending an Antenatal Clinic in Bloemfontein, South Africa
Authors: Robb Liska , Joubert Gina , Jordaan Elizabeth Margaretha , Ngounda Jennifer Osei , Walsh Corinna May
Published: May 2021

Background: The importance of adequate choline intake during pregnancy has been well documented, but inadequate intake is common. Total choline intake, as well as main food sources of choline were determined in a sample of pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic at a regional hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. Trained fieldworkers collected dietary intake data using a validated quantified food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ), after which all food items were matched to foods in the USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods (Release 2) to quantify choline intake. Logistic regression with backward selection (p < 0.05) was used to select significant independent factors associated with inadequate choline intake.Results: The median daily intake of choline was 275.0 mg (interquartile range 184.7 mg – 386.7 mg) (N = 681). Most participants (84.7%) consumed less than the adequate intake level (AI) of 450 mg/day for choline. Meat and meat products, cereals, eggs and dairy contributed mostly to choline intake. Food items that contributed most to choline intake included full-cream milk, maize porridge, brown bread, deep-fried potatoes and deep-fried dough (vetkoek). An inadequate choline intake was significantly associated with lower egg and dairy intakes (p<0.0001 and p=0.0002 respectively). Conclusion: Most pregnant women in the current study had choline intakes that were lower than recommended. It is recommended that adequate choline intake during pregnancy be encouraged through public health messaging to promote consumption of foods that can significantly contribute to choline intake, such as eggs and dairy.
Locoregional treatment of the primary tumor may improve overall survival and cancer-specific survival in breast cancer patients with bone metastases
Authors: Deng Peng , Wang Anan , Liu Lei , Liu Zhiyang , Luo Yonghui , Yi Chenghao
Published: May 2021

Aims: we sought to analyze data from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program to conduct an epidemiologic study of the potential effect of surgery on survival in breast cancer patients with bone metastases. Methods: Included in the analyses were histologically confirmed AJCC M1 breast cancer with bone metastasis who were diagnosed from January 2010 to December 2011. These patients were grouped according to whether or not they have undergone mastectomy. To account for differences in baseline characteristics, a propensity score was estimated to optimally adjust the data for the bias between the two groups. Results: From a total of 1180 breast cancer patients with bone metastasis, 508 patients underwent mastectomy and 672 did not undergo mastectomy. The 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates for patients who underwent palliative mastectomy were 67.2%, and 45.8% compared with 49.5%, and 27.9% for patients who did not undergo mastectomy. The 3-, and 5-year cancer-specific survival rates for patients who underwent palliative mastectomy were 69.1%, and 49.2% compared with 52.4%, and 30.7% for patients who did not undergo mastectomy. Using the weights and strata obtained by the propensity score matching procedure, The 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates for patients who underwent palliative mastectomy were 68.1%, and 45.6% compared with 48.8%, and 28.7% for patients who did not undergo mastectomy；The 3-, and 5-year cancer-specific survival rates for patients who underwent palliative mastectomy were 70.2%, and 49.7% compared with 53.3%, and 31.9% for patients who did not undergo mastectomy. Conclusions: Locoregional treatment was shown to be independently associated with improvement in survival in IV breast cancer patients with bone metastases. Therefore, surgical management for the primary tumor could be considered more actively in selected patients with stage IV breast cancer.
Understanding the Role and Design Space of Demand Sinks in Low-carbon Power Systems
Authors: Jagt Sam van der , Jenkins Jesse
Published: May 2021

As wind and solar penetration increases, electricity systems will experience common periods of overgeneration and low prices. A variety of flexible electricity loads, or ‘demand sinks’, could be deployed to use intermittently available low-cost electricity to produce valuable outputs (also known as ‘Power-to-X’). This study provides a general framework to evaluate any potential demand sink technology and understand its viability to be deployed cost-effectively in low-carbon power systems. We use an electricity system optimization model to assess 98 discrete combinations of capital costs and output values that collectively span the range of feasible characteristics of potential demand sink technologies. We find that candidates like hydrogen electrolysis, direct air capture and flexible electric heating can all achieve significant installed capacity (>10% of system peak load). Demand sink technologies significantly increase installed wind and solar capacity, while not significantly affecting battery storage or firm generating capacity, or the average cost of electricity.
Universal Mechanism to Link Multiple Datasets with Synthetic Populations for Clinical and Epidemiological Research
Authors: Bobashev Georgiy , Hadley Emily , Karr Alan , Kery Caroline , Rineer James
Published: May 2021

Many modern predictive models require knowledge acquired from multiple datasets, yet data linkage can be a substantial challenge. Datasets exist in a wide variety of formats and linking them directly is often infeasible or restricted by privacy requirements. One solution is to map variables from different datasets onto a synthetic population, producing a dataset that contains information from multiple sources sufficient for reliable statistical inference with quantifiable uncertainty. This approach is universal because it is applicable to a broad range of datasets and has good potential for privacy protection.We consider datasets with information about individuals and describe three methods for building linked synthetic data: resampling, modeling predictors independently, and modeling predictors sequentially. We apply these methods to the prediction of the prevalence of Florida youth vaping by state, county, and census tract using the 2018 Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey (FYSAS) and the 5-Year American Community Survey (ACS). We find that resampling and sequential modeling most closely approximate the 2018 survey results, and that the sequential model captures more variability. We find that the order of predicting the variables in sequential modeling does not substantially impact the outcome.
Insertions in SARS-CoV-2 genome caused by template switch and duplications give rise to new variants of potential concern
Authors: Garushyants Sofiya , Rogozin Igor , Koonin Eugene
Published: May 2021

The appearance of multiple new SARS-CoV-2 variants during the winter of 2020–2021 is a matter of grave concern. Some of these new variants, such as B.1.351 and B.1.1.17, manifest higher infectivity and virulence than the earlier SARS-CoV-2 variants, with potential dramatic effects on the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. So far, analysis of new SARS-CoV-2 variants focused primarily on point nucleotide substitutions and short deletions that are readily identifiable by comparison to consensus genome sequences. In contrast, insertions have largely escaped the attention of researchers although the furin site insert in the spike protein is thought to be a determinant of SARS-CoV-2 virulence and other inserts might have contributed to coronavirus pathogenicity as well. Here, we investigate insertions in SARS-CoV-2 genomes and identify 141 unique inserts of different lengths. We present evidence that these inserts reflect actual virus variance rather than sequencing errors. Two principal mechanisms appear to account for the inserts in the SARS-CoV-2 genomes, polymerase slippage and template switch that might be associated with the synthesis of subgenomic RNAs. We show that inserts in the Spike glycoprotein can affect its antigenic properties and thus have to be monitored. At least, two inserts in the N-terminal domain of the Spike (ins246DSWG and ins15ATLRI) that were first detected in January 2021 are predicted to lead to escape from neutralizing antibodies whereas other inserts might result in escape from T-cell immunity.
A Comparative Study on Risk Prediction Model of type 2 Diabetes based on Machine Learning Theory
Authors: Wang Shu , Chen Rong , Lin Chunwen , Luo Ling , Huang Jialu , Liu Hao , Chen Weiying , Xu Jian , Zhang Qiaoli , Yu Haibing , Ding Yuanlin
Published: May 2021

In this study, the risk prediction model of type 2 diabetes was established by Logistic regression, decision tree, BP neural network, support vector machine and deep neural network methods based on the survey data of residents of Dongguan City, Guangdong Province during 2016-2018 and its risk factors. The prediction effect of the model was evaluated based on the accuracy rate, recall rate, AUC value of the area under the curve and other indicators. DeLong test was used to statistically analyze the difference in AUC value of each model, and the prediction results of each model were compared and analyzed. The results showed that, based on the selected data set, the prediction effect of the backpropagation neural network model was the best, the accuracy was as high as 93.7%, the recall rate was 92.8%, and the AUC was 0.977. This study could provide a methodical reference for the prediction of the disease risk of type 2 diabetes.
Bacteria Community Structure Analysis of Daqu in Different Storage Periods of SheDian Liquor
Authors: liu yanbo , Jin Shangping , Zhao Zhijun , Fu Junying , Wang Xian , Sun Xiyu , Han Suna , Pan Chunmei
Published: May 2021

[Purpose] In order to study the diversity of bacterial communities in different storage periods of Daqu of Shedian liquor.[Methods]We probed into the changes of bacterial community compositions in Daqu (yeasts for making hard liquors) of Shedian liquor after different storage periods and identified 20 phyla and 268 genera of bacterial communities in the bacterial 16S rDNA V3-V4 zone by using high- throughput sequencing. [Result]It was found the absolutely dominant phylum was Firmicutes in both the 3- and 6-month-old Daqu, accounting for 62.66% and 63.53% respectively, but was Proteobacteria (80.86%) in the 9-month-old Daqu. The absolutely dominant genera were Lactococcus (27.90%) and Enterobacter (23.14%) in the 3-month-old Daqu, were the unclassified f Peptostreptococcaceae (24.64%) and Escherichia-Shigella (11.80%) in the 6-month-old Daqu, and was Enterobacter (79.80%) in the 9-month-old Daqu. [Conclusion]From the perspective of bacterial community composition, the Daqu after 6 months of storage is most favorable for white liquor production and fermentation.
Space-Time Anomaly Characteristics of Strain Field before the Ms≥7.0 Earthquakes, In Mainland China
Authors: Luo Guofu , Fenghe Ding , Mingzhi Yang
Published: May 2021

Seismologists focus on analyzing and capturing medium and short-term impending anomalies of medium and small earthquakes before large earthquakes. The natural orthogonal expansion method can effectively extract small and medium seismicity anomalies in the epicentral region before large earthquakes, which can improve the prediction of large earthquakes. In this study, the strain range of small earthquakes that occurred in the Chinese mainland before 1980, specifically ten Ms ≥ 7.0 earthquakes, were calculated, and the temporal and spatial anomalies of the strain fields before the large earthquakes were extracted. The active faults in each large earthquake area were analyzed to identify the dangerous areas (Epicenter of earthquake) of the large earthquake. In addition, compared with the seismic energy field method, the natural orthogonal expansion method effectively captured the short-term and impending anomalies in the seismic strain field before large earthquakes. The results of this study can have a significant impact on the analysis of anomalies by strain field, and make an outstanding contribution to the study of large earthquake prediction.
A multi omics approach unravels metagenomic and metabolic alterations of a probiotic in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Rasmussen Jacob Agerbo , Villumsen Kasper Rømer , Ernst Madeleine , Hansen Martin , Forberg Torunn , Gopalakrishnan Shyam , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Bojesen Anders Miki , Kristiansen Karsten , Limborg Morten Tønsberg
Published: May 2021

Background

Animal protein production is increasingly looking towards microbiome associated services such as the design of new and better probiotic solutions to further improve gut health and production sustainability. Here, we investigate the functional effects of bacteria based pro- and synbiotic feed additives on microbiome associated functions in relation to growth performance in the commercially important rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). We combine complementary insights from multiple omics datasets from gut content samples, including 16S bacterial profiling, whole metagenomes, and untargeted metabolomics, to investigate bacterial metagenomic assembled genomes (MAGs) and their molecular interactions with host metabolism.
Results

Our findings reveal, that (I) feed additives changed the microbiome and that rainbow trout reared with feed additives had a significantly reduced relative abundance of the salmonid related Candidatus Mycoplasma salmoninae in both the mid and distal gut content, (II) genome resolved metagenomics revealed that alterations of microbial arginine biosynthesis and terpenoid backbone synthesis pathways were directly associated with presence of Candidatus Mycoplasma salmoninae, (III) differences in the composition of intestinal microbiota among feed types were directly associated with significant changes of the metabolomic landscape, including lipids and lipid-like metabolites, amino acids, bile acids, and steroid-related metabolites, (IV) performance data of pro- and synbiotic additives indicates alterations of protein and lipid efficiency ratios in rainbow trout.
Conclusion

Our results demonstrate how use of multi-omics to investigate complex host-microbiome interactions enable us to better evaluate the functional potential of probiotics compared to studies that only measure overall growth performance or that only characterise the microbial composition in intestinal environments.
Stability Issues of Two-wheeled Trailers Caused by the Nonlinear Coupling between the Lateral and Vertical Motions
Authors: Horvath Hanna Zsofia , Takacs Denes
Published: May 2021

The nonlinear dynamics of two-wheeled trailers is investigated using a spatial 4-DoF mechanical model. The non-smooth characteristics of the tire forces and other geometrical nonlinearities are taken into account. Beyond the linear stability analysis, the nonlinear vibrations are analyzed with special respect to the nonlinear coupling between the vertical and lateral motions of the trailer. The center manifold reduction is performed leading to a normal form up to third degree terms. The nature of the emerging periodic solutions, thus, the sense of the Hopf bifurcations are verified semi-analytically and numerically. Simplified models of the trailer are also used in order to point out the practical relavance of the study. Experiments are carried out on a small-scale trailer to validate the theoretical results.
Investigation of transmission rate of carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae among contacted patients and healthcare workers in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Chang Euijin , Chang Ho Eun , Shin Il Seob , Oh Young Rok , Kang Chang Kyung , Choe Pyoeng Gyun , Park Wan Beom , Choi Eun Hwa , Oh Myoung-don , Park Kyoung Un , Kim Nam Joong
Published: May 2021

Background

To reduce transmission of carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CP-CRE), it is recommended that patients and healthcare workers in close contact with CP-CRE-positive patients be screened. The aim of this study was to investigate the transmission rate of CP-CRE to patients and healthcare workers in close contact with CP-CRE-positive patients using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) with remeasurement of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).
Methods

This study was conducted in a 1,751-bed tertiary teaching hospital between January 2017 and December 2019. The index patients were those found to be CP-CRE-positive during hospitalization and subsequently isolated in single rooms with contact precautions. Screening tests were performed on the patients who shared a room with the index patients for at least one day and the healthcare workers who cared for them. When CRE was isolated, the presence and type of carbapenemase was determined using polymerase chain reaction, and WGS with remeasurement of the MIC was performed to determine the strain type and to verify the association between the CRE and that of the index patient. When the CP-CRE identified in patients or healthcare workers in contact with an index patient had a different type of carbapenemase, the pairs were excluded from genetic analysis.
Results

A total of 47 index patients were found to have been in contact with 152 patients in shared rooms and 54 healthcare workers. Among the 152 contacted patients, ten had carbapenemase-non-producing CRE and seven had CP-CRE. None of the healthcare workers had CRE (95% confidence interval 0.0%-0.1%). Four patients had the same type of carbapenemase as their index patients, all of which were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase. WGS with remeasurement of MIC revealed that three of these four patients had genotypes and phenotypes in accordance with the index patient. Consequently, the CP-CRE transmission rate was 2.0% (95% confidence interval 0.4–5.6%).
Conclusions

The CP-CRE transmission rate between index patients and those in close contact was approximately 2.0%, while there was no transmission of CP-CRE to healthcare workers.
Mechanism of 6061 Aluminium Material Erosion in USEMM
Authors: TONG WENJUN , He Kailei , Wang Xindi , Xu Xuefeng , Wang Minghuan
Published: May 2021

Micro-structure on metal surface can be created with high precision and good surface quality by ultrasonic-assisted electrochemical micromachining (USEMM). One of the prevalent material removal mechanisms in ultrasonic machining (UM) is cavitation erosion. However, the mechanism of material erosion is not clear and worth investigating. This study of the mechanical and chemical effects of the ultrasonic vibration in 6061 aluminium alloy is targeted to reveal the material processing mechanism in USEMM. Based on the built model, the velocity of micro-jet produced near the workpiece surface by ultrasonic cavitation reaches up to 350 m/s when bubble collapses computed by software MATLAB. The impact of micro jet produces plastic micro-pits on the metal surface and the convex peak around the edge of the pits, which is verified in ABAQUS software. The metallographic microscope and curves of the electrochemical polarization behaviour results indicate a significant grain refinement and a marked increase of anodic dissolution current, as well as a weaker resistance than the original workpiece in NaNO3 electrolyte during UM. The current-time curve during machining demonstrates the passive layer forms on the metal surface and then breaks down at the time of less than 0.0066s in USEMM. Micrographs of scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the machined surface in different stages show that many uniform and flat pits are formed in USEMM, compared with the local uneven pits in EMM.