bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Radio Attenuation Constants for Underground Mine Communication Systems Using Radio Wave Propagation Simulation
Authors: Sato Naru , Shionoiri Takaya , Ikeda Hajime , Toriya Hisatoshi , Adachi Tsuyoshi , Kawamura Youhei
Published: November 2024

This study aims to validate the estimation of radio wave attenuation constants in underground mine communication systems using propagation simulation. Unlike open-pit mines, underground mines necessitate stringent safety measures to protect workers in the event of mechanical failures or rock falls. Early detection and warnings of potential hazards are crucial for safety, prompting the implementation of monitoring systems. Wireless communication is increasingly favored for its ability to simplify the complex installation of these systems in underground environments. However, designing an effective communication system must account for factors such as radio wave attenuation and the influence of physical obstacles. Simulations can estimate the required number and locations of wireless communication devices, aiding in system design. In this study, RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) values at the Osarizawa mine were calculated using Wireless InSite software and were compared to measured values, showing an error of 4.41 dB. The radio wave attenuation constant was determined to be 4.90 ×10− 2 dB/m.
Intravenous Iron as an Alternative to Blood Transfusion in Cancer Patients: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Yeung Ian , Chan Adrian Wai , Tin Winnie Wing Yan , Yip Sze Fai , Wong Frank Chi Sing
Published: November 2024

Purpose
Intravenous (IV) iron is well-documented for treating chemotherapy-induced anemia, but data on its efficacy in a wider oncological setting are limited. Our study provides real-world experience with IV iron in both patients on active treatment and those under supportive care.
Methods
This retrospective study analyzed the effectiveness and safety of IV iron in cancer patients at an integrated oncology center in Hong Kong from January 2019 to August 2023. Patients who received IV iron were evaluated for changes in hemoglobin (Hb) and transfusion requirements.
Results
The effectiveness population comprised 283 eligible episodes, with mean Hb rising from 7.6 g/dL at baseline to 8.8 g/dL by day 28 and 9.3 g/dL by day 60 (p < 0.001). The mean units of packed cells transfused per patient declined by 55% up to 12 weeks following IV iron (p = 0.01). Notably, 164 (58%) patients were receiving supportive care, showing an Hb rise from 7.3 g/dL to 8.3 g/dL on day 28 (p < 0.001) and a 62% reduction in transfusions (p = 0.04). Baseline Hb, treatment intent and iron deficiency group significantly predicted Hb changes on day 28 in multiple linear regression.
Conclusion
To our knowledge, our study presents the largest dataset reported on IV iron use in cancer patients receiving supportive care. IV iron induces a meaningful Hb rise in both patients on active treatment and patients under supportive care, providing a safe alternative to blood transfusion.
An Artificial Intelligence Technique: Experimental Analysis of Population-based Physarum-Energy Optimization Algorithm
Authors: DEMIRAL Mehmet Fatih
Published: November 2024

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is an NP-hard problem being studied by many researchers. Metaheuristic algorithms generally depend on nature-inspired phenomena successfully applied to combinatorial optimization, such as routing, scheduling, assignment problems, engineering, optimization, genetics, robotics, nanotechnology, and various fields. In this paper, new versions of physarum-energy optimization algorithms (PEOs) which are population-based optimization algorithms were applied to the symmetric traveling salesman problems. PEOs use multiple solutions (population), multiple conductivities (dij) for the stochastic disturbance model, and appropriate parameter strategies to update the solutions in each generation. To measure the effectiveness of the PEOs and the hybrids, the algorithms have been evaluated on several benchmark problems and compared to the recent metaheuristics. The computational results show that the PEOs and their hybrids (k-NN, 2-opt, 3-opt, k-opt) can find high-quality results compared to the original physarum-energy optimization algorithm (PEO), ant colony optimization (ACO), black hole algorithm (BH), tabu search, and other hybrid algorithms such as whale optimization algorithm + 4-opt heuristic (WOA + 4-opt), camel algorithm + 4-opt heuristic (CA + 4-opt), genetic algorithm + 2-opt heuristic (GA + 2-opt), and the k-NN, 2-opt, 3-opt, k-opt algorithms. Moreover, the population-based PEOs and their derived forms solve the optimization problem quite competitively in CPU time as compared to other test algorithms.
Prevalence and associated factors of otitis media among children with ear compliant attending at some selected hospitals in Mogadishu, Somalia.
Authors: Khaliif HALIMA Abdirahman , Abdihakim Zeynab Ahmed , Hussien Mohamed , Hassan Jamal , Hassan Mulki Mukhtar , Hussien Abdi wali Mohamed , Saney Mohamed Abdi
Published: November 2024

Background
Otitis media (OM), an inflammation of the middle ear, is one of the most common pediatric illnesses, affecting children worldwide. Despite advances in healthcare, OM continues to be a significant cause of morbidity, with recurrent cases contributing to hearing impairment and developmental delays.
Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted, involving 384 participants from some selected hospitals in Benadir region. Data on the occurrence of otitis media were collected through clinical diagnoses, patient history, and caregiver. Potential risk factors and underlying health conditions, were examined using multivariate logistic regression models.
Results
The prevalence of otitis media was found to be 32.8% among the participants. Several significant risk factors for OM were identified, including Gender (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.20–2.70; p = 0.005), age (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.15–3.48; p = 0.015), a exposure to smoke (OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.50–5.99; p = 0.002), daycare attendance (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.35–3.12; p = 0.001), and lower socio-economic status (OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.22–7.35; p = 0.016). A Parental employment and the history of allergies were also linked to an increased risk of OM.
Conclusion
Otitis media remains highly prevalent among children, with multiple risk factors contributing to its prevalence. Public health initiatives should focus on reducing known environmental risks, improving early diagnostic measures, and promoting education on the prevention of OM, particularly in high-risk populations.
Comparative proteome and phosphoproteome analyses reveal importance of phosphorylation of kinases/phosphatases during tea winter dormancy
Authors: Liu Guofeng , Han Yanting , Li Jintao , Yuan Hongyu
Published: November 2024

Winter dormancy is important for tea plants to survive from strict environmental conditions and its economic value in next spring. However, the molecular mechanisms of the translational and posttranslational regulation, especially phosphorylation has not been well understood. In the current study, lab-free proteome and Fe-NTA phosphopeptides enrichment-based lab-free phosphoproteome analyses were employed using the 4-time point ‘Xinyang No.10’ tea buds collected from late autumn to prior to bud sprouting in the early spring. A total of 4,599 proteins and 4,768 phosphopeptides corresponding to 2,581 phosphoproteins were obtained. Among which, 850 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 775 differentially expressed phosphopeptides (fold change > 2, p < 0.05) were screened. Hierarchical clustering showed different results when DEPs and differentially expressed phosphopeptides were used. DEPs were shown to be less enriched compared to differentially expressed phosphoproteins through MapMan classification analysis. DEPs were mainly enriched in substance metabolism and stress responsive events, while differentially expressed phosphoproteins were enriched in ‘RNA’, ‘signalling’, ‘development’ and ‘transport’. These results indicated that protein activity was more important than protein abundance during winter dormancy. Totally 45 kinases/phosphatases were found differentially phosphorylated, including KIN10, SnRK2, MPK6, CTR1 and PP2Cs, indicating the important roles of both kinases/phosphatases and the hormone signaling pathways, especially ABA and ethylene. Phosphorylation of sugar metabolism and plant-pathogen interaction related proteins suggesting the involvement of sugar and plant-pathogen interaction in tea winter dormancy. This study highlighted the important roles of phosphorylation regulation of ‘Xinyang No.10’ tea winter dormancy as well as the phosphorylation of kinases/phosphatases themselves.
Depressive disorder; clinical correlates and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha among post COVID-19 patients
Authors: Sakr Aya Mohamed Khaled , Okasha Tarek Ahmed , El-Meguid Marwa Abd , Sayed Maha Mohamed , Mohamed Mariam Yehia
Published: November 2024

Background
COVID-19 infection is known to trigger a significant inflammatory response in the body. This response, characterized by elevated levels of cytokines including TNF-α that has proven to play a pivotal role in the severity and long-term effects of the disease. Paucity of the regional studies exploring the interplay between clinical and biochemical markers of post COVID-19 depression; creates a strong motive to shed light on this relationship in depth. Here, we estimated the rate of post-COVID depression, explored the clinical correlates of post-COVID depression, and examined the serum Tumor Necrosis factor alfa (TNF-α).
Methods
A group of 197 patients with post COVID-19 infection were randomly recruited and screened using general health questionnaire (GHQ). Then, SCID-I and Beck depression inventory were applied to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of major depressive disorder (MDD). Serum Tumor Necrosis factor alfa (TNF–α) was measured in depressed and non-depressed post COVID-19 patients.
Results
The rate of post-COVID depression was 27.8%; predominately, mild MDD (47.6%), followed by moderate MDD (38.1%) then, severe MDD (14.3%). There was a statistically significant difference between cases and control group regarding severity of COVID-19 (p = 0.001), number of vaccine doses received (p = 0.043), and TNF-alpha (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between severity of depression and both severity of COVID-19 infection (p = 0.003) and TNF-alpha (p < 0.001). Using regression analysis; TNF-α was the only predictive factor to post-COVID-19 depression (OR = 1.030, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Our results suggest a strong link between serum TNF-alpha level and post-COVID depression, highlighting its pivotal role in refining the management outcome.
Damage-associated Molecular Patterns Related Score (DAMPscore) Identifies Subtypes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Distinct Prognosis and Treatment Sensitivity
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Jiang Yan , Hu Xuanyan , Tan Juan , Ma Yechen , Song Zewen , Fan Zhiwen , Liu Yang
Published: November 2024

Background: Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) are pivotal for the incidence of Immunogenic cell death (ICD). In this work, we aimed to develop a DAMP related subtyping system in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and identify hub genes regulating ICD in the disease.
Methods: A set of machine learning methods including consensus clustering, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression model, and stepwise regression model, and other bioinformatics analytic tools were integrated to construct an DAMP-related risk score (DAMPscore). CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithm were used to evaluate the immune cell infiltration in HCC. The prognostic capability of DAMPscore was evaluated and compared with clinical features and previously published mRNA signatures. The hub genes of DAMPscore were identified by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and in vitro experiments, including cell counting kit-8 assay and cell scratch test, were used to explore the role of the hub genes in HCC.
Results: HCC patients could be classified into two subgroups based on DAMP related genes. HCC patients with low DAMPscore had longer overall survival and were marked with high infiltration of immune cells, particularly CD8 T cells. DAMPscore could predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in HCC cohorts, and it exhibited superior predictability than clinical features and 53 previously published mRNA signatures. Thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13 (TRIP13), a hub gene of DAMPscore related genes, was significantly upregulated in HCC and could promote proliferation and migration of HCC cells. And silencing the expression of TRIP13 in HCC cells could increase sensitivity to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a proved ICD-inducer in HCC
Conclusion: In conclusion, a stable and powerful DAMP-related signature was constructed and validated in HCC for prognosis and immunotherapy efficiency prediction. TRIP13 functioned as an oncogene in HCC and regulated sensitivity.
Percutaneous Endobiliary Ablation (RFA and MWA) Prior to Stenting: Assessing Feasibility and Outcomes in Malignant Biliary Obstruction.
Authors: Demirci Mahmut , Arslan Muhammet , Aslan Halil Serdar , Alver Kadir Han , Vurğun Sercan
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of percutaneous endobiliary Microwave Ablation (MWA) and Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) prior to metallic stent placement for managing symptomatic, unresectable malignant biliary obstructions (MBOs).
Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 122 patients diagnosed with malignant tumors causing biliary obstructions, comparing outcomes between those receiving stents only and those undergoing prior ablation. Data collected included patient demographics, procedural details, complication rates, stent patency, and overall survival.
Results: Among the 122 patients, 101 received stents alone, while 21 underwent ablation (13 with MWA and 8 with RFA). There was no significant difference in stent patency duration (255.7 days for ablation vs. 219.6 days for stent-only, p=0.218) or overall survival (average of 123 days, p=0.105). The complication rate was significantly higher in the ablation group (p=0.023).
Conclusion:While endobiliary ablative treatments before metallic stenting appear feasible for palliative care of unresectable MBOs, our findings indicate no significant improvement in stent patency or overall survival. Further randomized controlled studies are necessary to clarify the efficacy and necessity of these techniques.
Astrocytomas IDH-mutant of Posterior Cranial Fossa, Clinical Presentation, Imaging Features and Onco-Functional Balance in Surgical Management
Authors: De Simone Matteo , Choucha Anis , Ranalli Carlotta , Pecoraro Giuseppina , Appay Romain , Chinot Oliver L. , Dufour Henry , Iaconetta Giorgio
Published: November 2024

Background
IDH-mutant astrocytomas (AIDHmut) in the posterior cranial fossa (PCF) are rare and present substantial diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to their location.
Methods
We analyzed patients with PCF AIDHmut from our institution, treated between December 2021 and September 2024. Additionally, we conducted a systematic literature review (from January 2021 to September 2024) using PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Ovid EMBASE to identify cases of PCF AIDHmut.
Results
We identified a total of 19 cases, including one institutional case. Most patients were young adults, with a male predominance (15 males, 4 females). Tumors primarily originated from the brainstem (94.7%), with only one case involving the cerebellum. Clinical presentations frequently included cranial nerve deficits, with diplopia being the most common symptom (47.4%). Adjuvant radiotherapy (IMRT, DT 54 Gy/27 fractions, 78.9%) and chemotherapy (temozolomide, 68.4%) formed the mainstays of treatment. Tumor grading revealed 63.2% (12/19) were WHO grade 2, 21% (4/19) were WHO grade 3, and 15.8% (3/19) were grade 4. The mean follow-up period was 45 months.
Conclusion
PCF AIDHmut are rare but pose significant treatment challenges due to their location and infiltrative nature. Multimodal treatment—comprising surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy—is essential for achieving long-term disease control. Subtotal resection followed by adjuvant therapies provides a favorable balance between tumor control and functional preservation.
Target weight at discharge for children receiving their first inpatient treatment for an eating disorder
Authors: Kurata Kazumi , Inagawa Yuta , Yagihashi Tatsuhiko , Nakamura Takahiro , Obi Seiji , Suda Shiro
Published: November 2024

Purpose
There is no consensus regarding the optimal target weight for discharge during the hospitalization of children with eating disorders (EDs). We attempted to identify the ideal discharge weight for children receiving their first inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN) or avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID).
Patients and Methods:
Sixty children (mean age: 12.8 yrs) diagnosed with AN or ARFID were followed for 1 year after discharge from a psychiatric ward. We analyzed the percent of ideal body weight (%IBW) at discharge, along with physical and social factors, to predict weight outcomes and rehospitalization risk. Longitudinal weight trends were assessed and Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to analyze the time to rehospitalization.
Results
Single and multiple regression analyses identified the %IBW at discharge as the sole significant predictor of %IBW at 1 year. A receiver operating characteristic curve determined that 86.4%IBW at discharge optimally predicted achieving 90%IBW by 1 year post-discharge. Patients who had achieved ≥ 86.4%IBW at discharge exhibited superior weight trajectories versus those discharged at < 86.4%IBW. A higher discharge %IBW was associated with prolonged time to rehospitalization, indicating a reduced risk of readmission.
Conclusions
Discharging pediatric patients at a higher weight is associated with improved weight recovery and a reduced risk of rehospitalization. A target discharge weight of 86.4%IBW may serve as an effective criterion for children with EDs.
Level of evidence:
Level Ⅲ, case-control analytic studies
Exploring the Potential Association Between Frozen Shoulder and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Using Mendelian Randomisation
Authors: Luo Bin , Huang Zongyuan , Zhang Shuai , Chen Yanting , Cao Mingde , Chen RuiZe , Kong Ling , Wu Xin , Guo Qianshi , Ouyang Yuxiang , Wang Hua , Song Yancheng
Published: November 2024

Background: Frozen shoulder (FS) has been suggested as a potential risk factor for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, observational studies are limited in their ability to establish a causal relationship between FS and GERD.
Methods: This study aimed to investigate the genetic causal association between FS and GERD using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data for FS were obtained from the UK Biobank, while GWAS summary data for GERD were sourced from the FinnGen Consortium. Multiple MR methods, including inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode, were applied to estimate the causal effect. To assess heterogeneity, Cochrane's Q test was performed. Horizontal pleiotropy was evaluated using the MR-Egger intercept test and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outliers (MR-PRESSO) test. Sensitivity analyses, including leave-one-out analysis, were conducted to ensure the robustness of the findings.
Results: The IVW method indicated a potential causal relationship between FS and GERD (P = 0.018). There was no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy (P > 0.05), and heterogeneity among genetic variants was not significant (P > 0.05). Furthermore, leave-one-out analysis demonstrated that the association was consistent and reliable. Limitations: All participants included in the GWAS data were of European ancestry, which may limit the generalizability of the results. Additionally, due to data constraints, stratified analyses based on different populations, ethnicities, or age groups were not performed.
Conclusion: This two-sample MR analysis provides evidence of a genetic causal association between FS and GERD, highlighting the need for further research to explore this relationship in diverse populations.
Clinical efficacy evaluation of continuous renal replacement therapy in neonates with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome: a two-centered retrospective study
Authors: Chu Xiaoyun , Xu Jinglin , Sun Yifan , Gong Xiaohui , Chen Dongmei , Cai Cheng
Published: November 2024

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT) for the treatment of neonatal multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 60 neonateswith MODS treated with CRRT in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at two tertiary hospitals from
January 2015 to May 2022. Hemodynamic parameters, liver and renal function, electrolytes, acid-base balance and routine blood indicators were recorded before CRRT, 12, 24h after CRRT initiation, and at the end of CRRT, respectively.
Results: (1) A total of 60 MODS neonates were included, of which gestational age was 38.7 (37.0, 39.8) weeks, birth weight was 3125.0 (2737.5, 3457.5) g, number of organs involved was 5.0 (4.0, 6.0). (2)Compared to pre-CRRT, the mean arterial pressure (MAP), blood lactate, urine output, serum creatinine, serum urea nitrogen, serum calcium, serum potassium, and leukocyte count were significantly improved at 12 h of CRRT. pH increased significantly at 24 h of CRRT, and the vasoactive inotropic score (VIS) decreased significantly at the end of CRRT. Complications of CRRT included platelet depression (58.3%), bleeding or thrombosis (18.3%), hypotension (18.3%), electrolyte disturbances (18.3%), and line blockage (16.7%). In total, 37 out of 60 neonates survived during hospitalization, with an overall survival rate of 61.7%.
Conclusions: Mortality in critically ill neonates with MODS requiring CRRT remains high. CRRT may be a safe and effective adjunctive therapy for critically ill neonates with MODS.
Effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma intrauterine perfusion on clinical outcomes in recurrent implantation failure patients with non-thin endometrium undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer
Authors: Liu Xiao-Hui , He Li-Xia , Li Man , Tian Zheng-Ping , Qin An-Qi , Yao Jun
Published: November 2024

Purpose To explore the effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) intrauterine perfusion on clinical outcomes in recurrent implantation failure (RIF) patients with non-thin endometrium undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET), and the effects of PRP used at different times before FET on clinical outcomes. Methods A total of 160 RIF patients with non-thin endometrium undergoing FET were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 82 patients received PRP intrauterine perfusion at 24–72 hours before FET(PRP group), and 78 patients did not (non-PRP group). In PRP group, 59 patients underwent PRP at 24 ~ 48h before FET(≥ 24 ~ ≤ 48h group), and 23 patients was at 48 ~ 72h (> 48 ~ ≤ 72h group). The clinical outcomes were compared, including β-hCG positive rate, clinical pregnancy rate, embryo implantation rate, abortion rate, ectopic pregnancy rate, live birth rate and the incidence of adverse events. Results The clinical pregnancy rate, embryo implantation rate and live birth rate in PRP group were significantly higher than those in non-PRP group (P < 0.05), and there were no statistical differences in β-hCG rate, abortion rate and ectopic pregnancy rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). Meanwhile, there was no adverse events occurred in PRP group. However, the C-type endometrium rate in PRP group was observably higher on FET day (X2 = 8.309, P = 0.004), though there was no statistical difference in endometrial thickness (P > 0.05). The multiple logistics regression analysis showed that PRP intrauterine perfusion are closely related with clinical pregnancy and live birth in RIF patients with non-thin endometrium (OR:2.379, 95%CI:1.137 ~ 4.977, P = 0.021; OR:2.107, 95% CI:1.006 ~ 4.412, P = 0.048). Moreover, we found no significant difference in clinical outcomes between the two groups of PRP intrauterine perfusion at ≥ 24 ~ ≤ 48h and > 48 ~ ≤ 72h before FET (P > 0.05), except for β-hCG positive rate. Conclusions PRP intrauterine perfusion can safely and effectively improve the clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate and live birth rate in RIF patients with non-thin endometrium possibly by increasing the C-type endometrium rate on FET day. In addition, PRP intrauterine perfusion at different times of 24 ~ 72 hours before FET does not affect the clinical outcomes, which will be helpful to guide clinical work flexibly.
Research Article Surgical Outcomes of Cesarean Sections after Laparoscopic Myomectomy: A Comparison with Open Myomectomy and Other Cesarean
Authors: Kotani Yasushi , Moriuchi Kaori , Sakamoto Takaya , Wada Chiharu , Fukuda Naho , Koh Iiji , Murakami Kosuke , Takaya Hisamitsu , Kawasaki Kaoru , Matsumura Noriomi
Published: November 2024

Background
Myomas are a common gynecologic disease. Laparoscopic myomectomy procedures have been performed more frequently in recent years. We were unable to find any reports pertaining to actual surgical findings such as adhesions during cesarean section after laparoscopic myomectomy. We compared surgical outcomes at the time of cesarean section in individuals who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy at our hospital with those who other cesarean sections.
Methods
From 1995 to 2023, the surgical outcomes of 49 patients who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy at our hospital and later underwent cesarean section for singleton term delivery were compared with those of 20 singleton full term cesarean sections after open myomectomy, 86 singleton full term previous cesarean sections without previous laparotomy, and 43 cesarean sections after breech delivery. In addition, patient background and surgical outcomes for cesarean sections after laparoscopic myomectomy and open myomectomy were compared between the two groups.
Results
In a comparison of blood loss among the four groups, cesarean sections after laparoscopic myomectomy and open myomectomy resulted in significantly more blood loss than breech position cesarean sections. On the other hand, a comparison between laparoscopic myomectomy and open myomectomy showed that the recurrence rate of uterine fibroids upon cesarean section was significantly higher after laparoscopic myomectomy. Adhesions at cesarean section were more common with open myomectomy and myometrial dimpling/thinning was more frequent after laparoscopic myomectomy, but the difference was not statistically significant. There were no cases of uterine rupture during pregnancy in our patients.
Conclusions
Practitioners performing cesarean sections need to be very careful about the incidence of bleeding during cesarean sections after laparoscopic myomectomy. Also, practitioners performing laparoscopic myomectomy need to be very careful about adhesion, dimpling, thinning and recurrence.
Multiparametric radiomics and prognostic nutritional index for predicting postoperative survival in esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Luo Weiwei , Dong Jindong , Deng Jiaying , Tong Tong , Chen Xiangxun , Wang Yichun , Wang Fan , Zhu Liyang
Published: November 2024

Background
Surgery can lead to radical cure and long-term survival for individuals with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Nevertheless, the survival rates markedly vary among patients. Accurately predicting surgical efficacy remains a pressing issue. This investigation sought to examine the predictive value of preoperative radiomics and the prognostic nutritional index for individuals with ESCC and to construct a comprehensive model for estimating the postoperative overall survival (OS) of individuals with ESCC.
Methods
This research conducted a retrospective examination of 466 individuals with ESCC from two medical centers. The data were arbitrarily categorized into a training cohort (TC, hospital 1, 246 cases), an internal validation cohort (IVC, hospital 1, 106 cases), and an external validation cohort (EVC, hospital 2, 114 cases). Upon demarcation of the area of interest, radiological features were extracted. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was utilized to identify the optimal radiomics features and calculate the radiomics score (RS). After the delineation of region of interest, radiological features were procured. Subsequently, the LASSO regression was employed to ascertain the optimal features and calculate the RS. The independent influencing factors acquired through Cox analyses were incorporated with the RS to establish a combined nomogram. The predictive capability of the model was examined utilizing the concordance index, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis.
Results
In the predictive model integrating preoperative radiomics with prognostic nutritional index and tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) stage for forecasting the 3-year OS rate, the area under the time-dependent ROC curve (AUC) was 0.812, 0.748, and 0.810 in the TC, IVC, and EVCs, respectively, thereby demonstrating outstanding prognostic significance. This was superior to the AUC values of the TNM stage prediction model in the TC, IVC, and EVCs, which were 0.717, 0.612, and 0.699, respectively. The concordance indexes of the combined model in the TC, IVC, and EVCs were 0.780, 0.760, and 0.764, respectively. The calibration and decision curves illustrated the nomogram’s remarkable calibration performance and clinical application value.
Conclusion
In this investigation, a predictive model was developed by integrating radiomics and the prognostic nutritional index. This model can predict the OS rate of postoperative patients with ESCC and could be employed as a tool for preoperative risk stratification.
Comparison of Radioisotope Adsorption Capability in Metal Organic Frameworks through DFT Simulation
Authors: Lee Hwanhui , An Jeongho , Chang Kunok
Published: November 2024

We compared the adsorption performance of graphene and MOF-303 for three radionuclides of significant concern in radioactive waste: Co, Sr, and Cs, using density functional theory. Additionally, we doped MOF-303 with transition metals such as Cu, Ag, and Au by replacing the hydrogen atoms in the nitrogen linker, and investigated the resulting changes in adsorption capability. The adsorption capability of MOF-303 for the Co, Sr, and Cs was superior to the adsorption capability of graphene. Furthermore, doping MOF-303 with Cu, Ag, and Au further enhanced the adsorption capability of MOF-303 for Co, Sr, and Cs. Ag-MOF-303 exhibited significant improvement in Sr atom adsorption at specific sites. The adsorption improvement is likely due to the formation of new bonds between Ag-MOF-303 and the Sr atom, resulting from Ag doping. The assumption of new bond formation was confirmed by an increase in the density of states. While Ag-MOF-303 demonstrated superior performance in Sr atom adsorption at specific site, Au-MOF-303 resulted in the most significant overall increase in adsorption energy for Co, Sr, Cs among the Cu-MOF-303, Ag-MOF-303, and Au-MOF-303.
Transgenic Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis Superior Clone DH3229: Achieving Glyphosate Resistance through Genetic Modification
Authors: Wang Xuejun , Wei Haoyu , Zhang Shuang , Gao Jiahui , Zeng Binshan , Fan Chunjie
Published: November 2024

Eucalyptus species are known for their high productivity and adaptability, making them a reliable source of timber. However, hybrid eucalyptus, particularly in the initial months of plantation, is susceptible to weed competition. Glyphosate is the most commonly used herbicide for weed control in eucalyptus plantations. To incorporate glyphosate resistance into eucalyptus cultivars (Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis DH3229), the g10-epsps gene, driven by the 35S promoter, was introduced using an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method. Following PCR-based selection and detection, six plants were confirmed to have successfully integrated the epsps gene into the eucalyptus genome at various stages. Realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay further validated the gene's integration and expression in all independent transformation events. Additionally, the transgenic plants demonstrated significant resistance to glyphosate after being treated with a 200-fold diluted Roundup solution. Physiological analysis revealed that maintaining lower levels of shikimic acid in transgenic plants is crucial for glyphosate tolerance. The successful development of herbicide-resistant transgenic eucalyptus in elite clones presents significant potential for future breeding programs and may be directly applicable to plantation after further field testing.
Probiotic Intervention Alleviates Helicobacter pylori-induced Intestinal Inflammation by Sustaining Intestinal Homeostasis
Authors: Wu Shiying , Wei Fangtong , Chen Yongqiang , Chen Ziqi , Luo Yuenuo , Fan Jiayi , Xu Yang , Hu Mingyang , Li Ping , Gu Qing
Published: November 2024

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection poses significant risks for gastric cancer and intestinal inflammation, yet effective prevention strategies for intestinal inflammation remain elusive. Here, we aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZJ316 (L. plantarum ZJ316) in a mouse model of H. pylori-induced intestinal inflammation. Our results demonstrated that treatment with L. plantarum ZJ316 effectively reduced tissue damage and upregulated expression of tight junction proteins such as Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Occludin, and Claudin-1, while decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Additionally, intaking L. plantarum ZJ316 reduced relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus and Desulfovibrio by 69%, and 42%, respectively, while enhancing beneficial bacteria including Ligilactobacillus, Akkermansia, and Lactobacillus associated with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) synthesis, by 88%, 85%, and 16%, respectively. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis confirmed L. plantarum ZJ316 reversed H. pylori-induced declines in SCFA levels. In vitro, L. plantarum ZJ316 inhibited the IκBα/NF-κB pathway, thereby reducing TNF-α and IL-8 production in HT-29 cells following H. pylori infection. These findings collectively suggest that L. plantarum ZJ316 ameliorates H. pylori-induced intestinal inflammation by enhancing gut barrier function, improving flora structure, increasing SCFA levels, and mitigating inflammation through NF-κB pathway inhibition, offering promise for therapeutic development.
Effects of forest fire disturbance on non-structural carbohydrates and carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus of Pinus yunnanensis
Authors: Fu Xiaoyong , Kou Weili , Wei Lili
Published: November 2024

The organ-level effects of wildfire on plant nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) and stoichiometric characteristics are poorly understood. We studied the effects of fire on sugar, starch, carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) content in the needles, branches, stems, and fine roots of fire-damaged Pinus yunnanensis trees (F-trees). Starch, sugar, and NSC content were higher in the roots and needles of F-trees than that of undamaged individuals (H-trees). C, N, and P content and stoichiometry characteristics of F-trees also differed significantly from H-trees. The N/P content of both F-tree and H-tree needles were < 14 prior to forest fire disturbance and increased thereafter, indicating that N limitation increased after fire disturbance. In addition, F-tree physiology did not return to control levels nine months after fire disturbance, indicating that more time is needed to recover. These findings suggest that forest management practices that increase soil N content will likely accelerate post-fire recovery. Because fire frequency and intensity will continue to increase in response to climate change, our results are of great value in improving our understanding of post-fire ecosystem dynamics.
Akkermansia muciniphila exacerbates acute radiation-induced intestinal injury by compromising the mucosal barrier
Authors: Ding Yi , Wang Yafang , Wang Xusheng , Chen Zhenhui , Zheng Jihua , Liu Xiangqiang , Zheng Yilin , Zheng Zhihao , Xu Zi , Zhang Yaowei , Chen Keli , Zhang Yuqin , Yu Lu
Published: November 2024

Dysbiosis of gut microbiota plays a crucial role in acute radiation-induced intestinal injury (ARIII). However, studies on the influence of gut microbiota on ARIII are inconsistent. In this study, we established an ARIII mouse model and performed fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to explore the role of the gut microbiota in ARIII. We observed a significant increase in Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) following irradiation, whereas FMT effectively reduced AKK levels. Contrary to expectations, AKK supplementation increased ARIII and mortality. Mechanistically, post-radiation AKK upregulates mucin metabolism genes and consumes mucin, thinning the mucosal barrier and promoting the adhesion and translocation of potential pathogens to epithelial cells, thus exacerbating ARIII. This enables AKK to use mucin as an energy source. Additionally, AKK increases the infiltration of M1-type macrophages and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, leading to a decrease in epithelial stem cell density and inhibition of goblet cell differentiation, further exacerbating ARIII. Our findings suggest that in certain intestinal environments, the addition of AKK may worsen radiation-induced intestinal damage; thus, the potential of AKK as a universal probiotic should be considered with caution.
Contrasting energy flow associated with tropical and subtropical reef fish assemblages
Authors: Liu Chia-Hung Eric , Ribas-Deulofeu Lauriane , Wu Meng-Hsin Morris , Chang Yi-Jay , Denis Vianney
Published: November 2024

Energy flows (production and consumption of biomass) are key to ecosystem functioning and resilience. In coral reefs, fishes are involved in core ecological processes associated with energy flow, and their rapid responses to biotic and abiotic changes further make them ideal indicators for assessing coral reef health. However, variations in fish energy flow across a natural gradient have been overlooked, yet could be important for interpreting changes in ecosystem functioning. Here, fish assemblages were surveyed by stereo-video transects in five regions spanning a tropical-subtropical transition and were further characterized using three energy flow metrics (standing biomass, productivity, and turnover). Generalized linear mixed models were used to identify intrinsic (biotic; i.e., benthic morpho-functional groups) and extrinsic (abiotic; i.e., environmental and anthropogenic factors) drivers of fish energy flow. The results showed regional specificities in the patterns of fish energy flows. The subtropical region showed a dominance of planktivorous fishes characterizing a middle-driven trophic system with high energy flows. In contrast, transitional and tropical regions were dominated by parrotfishes and surgeonfishes while exhibiting a concave trophic structure lacking high-level predators. The intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of fish energy flow suggested that crustose coralline algae, encrusting hard corals, and the presence of hard substrates and crevices may leverage the maintenance of ecosystem functioning. Overall, this study identifies the characteristics of energy flows between subtropical and tropical regions and reveals the influential intrinsic and extrinsic factors on these flows. It further establishes baseline information for interpreting the consequences of climate change on reef ecosystem functioning.
Fragmentation of fibrous particles in LC refining
Authors: Niskanen Kaarlo , Berg Jan-Erik , Liubytska Kateryna , Sandberg Christer
Published: November 2024

Low-consistency (LC) refining is used both in mechanical pulping and in general to give a final touch to a papermaking pulp. The desired – and undesired - effects come from changes in the property and size distributions of the different kinds of fibrous particles. In our study, we focus on the changes in the size distributions of fibre length and diameter, measured with an optical fibre analyser. Pulp samples were collected before and after industrial LC refiners of thermomechanical pulps with spruce as raw material. We demonstrate that changes in the observed size distributions can be reproduced with a model with just two parameters for particles breaking uniformly at random locations. One probability controls the breaks per unit length that shorten fibres, and another the splits per unit diameter that generate more fines. Our findings support the hypothesis that these two processes are separate so that breaks in length do not govern the increase in fines. For example, both fibre shortening and fines generation increased with refining energy but, at a given energy, only fibre shortening showed clear differences between trials. In a two-stage refining trial, the probability that fibres shorten fell on the same line as the one-stage probabilities when plotted against the refining energy measured from the threshold energy at which breaks start.
Impacts of the Carceral Environment on Venous Thromboembolism Mortality
Authors: Valenzuela Lisette , Hasan Muryam , Brandt Nikolas , Woods Amy , Samra Shamsher , Bhatia Nona , Shapiro Nicholas
Published: November 2024

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), encompassing deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a major cause of mortality globally and has shown an increased incidence in the United States. Despite this, no research has sought to identify VTE risk factors in carceral settings. This study investigates the prevalence of VTE-related deaths in jailed and non-jailed populations in Los Angeles County over a 16-year period (2008 to 2023).
Methods: We used death records to compile two datasets: one for deaths that occurred in Los Angeles County jails (n = 512) and another for deaths that occurred in the free population (n = 107,608). VTE cases were identified through a keyword search and reviewed to confirm consistency with VTE diagnostic criteria. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare mortality rates and demographic characteristics between populations. Additionally, we performed a qualitative review of death investigation records for jailed VTE decedents to identify potential risk factors associated with the carceral environment.
Results: VTE-related deaths in the jailed population were more than twice as high as those in the free population (3.6% vs. 1.1%, p = 0.0014). VTE crude mortality rates in jails have been increasing since 2014, with the highest rate observed in 2021. Black individuals constitute 7.9% of the county’s population, 29.4% of the jail population, and 66.67% of VTE deaths in jails. Jail appears to heighten existing racial disparities in VTE health outcomes.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that incarceration may be associated with higher rates of VTE-related mortality, particularly among Black people and people with mental health conditions. Structural and environmental factors within carceral settings, such as restricted mobility, antipsychotic medication usage, and restraint may contribute to these elevated risks. Improving reporting of restraint use and post-mortem toxicology findings for pulmonary embolism deaths will deepen the public understanding of this issue. Diversion for mental health populations, and other decarceral programs can mitigate VTE risk and reduce health inequities. Prescription of anticoagulants may additionally mitigate antipsychotic and restraint VTE risk.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal helminth infections in the Mt Elgon subregion: A cross sectional study in Bulambuli District, Eastern Uganda
Authors: Wogoli Geoffrey , Opiro Robert , Okot Jacob , Olia Alex , Echodu Richard , Alarakol Simon Peter
Published: November 2024

Background Gastrointestinal helminths are considerable constraints in cattle farming in Sub-Saharan Africa causing significant ill health and economic losses to rural communities. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with gastrointestinal helminths in cattle in Bulambuli District, Eastern Uganda.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 324 randomly sampled cattle from April 2022 to July 2023 in Bulambuli District. Fecal and blood samples collected were analysed via a combination of simple floatation, sedimentation, and haematocrit centrifugation techniques. Data on sociodemographic characteristics were collected and analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.Results Overall, 197 (60.8%) cattle were positive for gastrointestinal helminth infections. Thirteen helminth species were identified; Cooperia punctata (20%), Ostertagia ostertatagi, (18%), and Haemonchus contortus (18%) were the predominant species. Thirty nine (12.0%) cattle had mixed infections mainly of Cooperia spp and Paramphistomum spp (13.8%). Ninety-one, (28.1%) cattle had mono-infections with Ostertagia species being the most predominant species. The variables significantly associated with helminthic infections were; keeping crossbred cattle; (AOR = 1.8 [95%CI = 1.2–1.8], p = 0.01), delayed cleaning of barns (AOR = 4.89 [95%Cl = 2.66-9.0], p = 0.01) and overcrowding (AOR = 3.12[95%Cl = 155 − 6.3], p = 0.01). All the key informants agreed that environment, poor management practices, and breed were key factors that could influence GIHs infections among cattle in Bulambuli district.Conclusion Cattle in Bulambuli have high levels of helmithic infections, presenting a big threat to the health of animals and economic productivity of communities in the district. There is need to design and implement tailored control strategies that take into account the identified risk factors to mitigate the health risks and economic losses resulting from GIH infections in the Mt Elgon subregion.
Effect of Lactobacillus Reuteri in Children with Chronic Functional Constipation: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Pourrostami Kumars , Mohammadi Masoud Aman , Forgani Ali , Matani Rahman , Ansari Fereshteh , Pourjafar Hadi
Published: November 2024

This double-blind, randomized clinical trial investigated the efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri in treating chronic functional constipation in children aged 2 to 14 years. Constipation, affecting up to 25% of the pediatric population, is often functional in nature and challenging to manage with standard treatments such as laxatives and dietary modifications. Given the emerging interest in probiotics, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of Lactobacillus reuteri as a complementary treatment alongside polyethylene glycol (PEG).
Eighty children diagnosed with chronic functional constipation were randomly assigned to receive either Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 or a placebo, in combination with PEG. Participants were monitored over 7 weeks, with assessments conducted on bowel movement frequency, stool consistency, straining during defecation, abdominal pain, and fecal incontinence.
Results demonstrated that the probiotic group experienced significant improvements in bowel movement frequency (mean increase of 2.4 ± 1.1 per week) compared to the placebo group (1.2 ± 0.9; p < 0.001). Secondary outcomes, including stool consistency, straining, and abdominal pain, as well showed notable improvements in the probiotic group. Additionally, fecal incontinence episodes decreased more in the probiotic group than in the placebo group (p = 0.008), with fewer adverse events reported.
In conclusion, Lactobacillus reuteri combined with PEG significantly improved constipation symptoms, offering a safe and effective adjunctive therapy for children with chronic functional constipation. These findings suggest that incorporating probiotics into conventional treatment protocols may enhance clinical outcomes and improve the quality of life for pediatric patients.