bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intracortical Myelin Links with Performance Variability across the Human Lifespan: Results from T1- and T2-Weighted MRI Myelin Mapping and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Authors: Grydeland Håkon , Walhovd Kristine B. , Tamnes Christian K. , Westlye Lars T. , Fjell Anders M.
Published: November 2013

Cerebral myelin maturation and aging-related degradation constitute fundamental features of human brain integrity and functioning. Although mostly studied in the white matter, the cerebral cortex contains significant amounts of myelinated axons. However, how intracortical myelin content evolves during development, decays in aging, and links with cognition remain poorly understood. Several studies have shown the potential of mapping myelin in the cortex by use of T1-weighted (T1w) and T2-weighted (T2w) magnetic resonance imaging signal intensity, which show inverse sensitivity to myelin. Here, we characterized cortical myelin in 339 participants 8–83 years of age using a recently introduced T1w/T2w ratio myelin mapping technique and mean diffusivity (MD) from diffusion tensor imaging. To test for cognitive correlates, we used intraindividual variability (IIV) in performance during a speeded task, a measure recently associated with white matter integrity. The results showed that intracortical myelin maturation was ongoing until the late 30s, followed by 20 relative stable years before declining from the late 50s. For MD, U-shaped paths showing similar patterns were observed, but with fewer maturational effects in some regions. IIV was correlated with both T1w/T2w ratio and MD, mainly indicating that the higher degree of intracortical myelin is associated with greater performance stability. The relations were more prominent with advancing age, suggesting that aging-related cortical demyelination contributes to increased IIV. The T1w/T2w ratio myelin-mapping technique thus seems sensitive to intracortical myelin content in normal development and aging, relates to cognitive functioning, and might constitute an important future tool in mapping normal and clinical brain changes.
Non-islet cell tumor-induced hypoglycemia: a report of five cases and brief review of the literature
Authors: Dutta Pinaki , Aggarwal Anuradha , Gogate Yashpal , Nahar Uma , Shah Viral N , Singla Mandeep , Khandelwal N , Bhansali Anil
Published: November 2013

We describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic and management issues in five cases of non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH), diagnosed at a tertiary care institute over a period of 15 years. The clinical, laboratory, and histopathological findings of these patients along with diagnostic utility of IGF2:IGF1 ratio are discussed. The mean age of presentation was 52 years, with a male predominance (3:2). Three patients presented with recurrent episodes of fasting hypoglycemia and it was detected in other two patients during hospitalization. Two patients had acromegaloid features that regressed following treatment. One patient had hypokalemia. Low levels of insulin, C-peptide, GH, and IGF1 were invariably found in all. The IGF2 level was elevated in only one patient; however, IGF2:IGF1 ratio was more than 10 in four of the five patients. The mean tumor size was 16.4 cm and mean weight was 3.6 kg. Four patients had mesenchymal tumors and one had epithelial tumor. NICTH is a rare cause of hypoglycemia. Hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia with low IGF1 and IGF2:IGF1 ratio more than 10 is suggestive of this entity.

Learning points

NICTH should be considered in patients presenting with tumor of mesenchymal origin and hypoglycemia.

Hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia with low IGF1 is a strong biochemical evidence of NICTH.

IGF2:IGF1 ratio of more than 10 is a complementary investigation in the absence of an assay facility for IGF2.
Aprendizagem e memória de Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae)
Authors: Tognon Roberta , Sant'Ana Josué , Jahnke Simone M.
Published: November 2013

O parasitoide de ovos Telenomus podisi Ashmead, 1893 é um importante agente de controle natural de percevejos e seu sucesso de parasitismo está associado à habilidade para a localização do hospedeiro, sendo a aprendizagem e a memória um dos fatores que podem influenciar esta interação. O trabalho avaliou a capacidade de aprendizagem e tempo de retenção da memória de T. podisi ao extrato de capim-limão [Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. (Poales, Poaceae)], em diferentes estágios do desenvolvimento da fase imatura. Ovos de Euschistus heros (Fabricius, 1798) (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) parasitados por T. podisi foram individualizados em tubos de vidro contendo papel filtro com extrato de capim-limão ou solvente acetona (controle) e mantidos em diferentes estágios do desenvolvimento jovem dos parasitoides. Após a emergência, fêmeas de T. podisi foram testadas em olfatômetro tipo "Y" aos odores de ambos tratamentos. Fêmeas inexperientes foram submetidas aos mesmos odores das experientes. Para avaliar a memória, fêmeas oriundas de ovos que permaneceram em contato com o extrato de capim-limão por todo o desenvolvimento do estágio imaturo, foram testadas, após 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas de idade ao odor de capim-limão e acetona. Fêmeas que permaneceram em contato com o capim-limão por toda a fase jovem, direcionaram-se preferencialmente para este extrato, diferente das inexperientes ou das expostas à acetona, as quais preferiram o solvente. A presença do capim-limão, durante todo o estágio do desenvolvimento imaturo, alterou a orientação quimiotáxica de T. podisi, desencadeando aprendizagem nestes organismos, a qual se manteve por até 72 horas.
Hospitalização por agravos da hipertensão arterial em pacientes da atenção primária
Authors: Barreto Mayckel da Silva , Marcon Sonia Silva
Published: November 2013

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de hospitalização por agravos ou complicações da hipertensão arterial em indivíduos tratados na Atenção Primária e identificar fatores associados. MÉTODOS: O estudo transversal abrangeu 422 pessoas hipertensas de um município do Sul do Brasil, selecionadas aleatória e proporcionalmente, considerando o número de inscritos em cada Unidade Básica de Saúde. Os dados foram coletados nos prontuários médicos e aplicação de questionários nos domicílios. RESULTADOS: Alguns fatores associados à hospitalização são modificáveis e passíveis de intervenção, indicando a necessidade de atuação diferenciada dos profissionais de saúde junto aos hipertensos, especialmente os do sexo masculino, idosos e que possuam comorbidades. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de hospitalização nos últimos 12 meses foi de 12,08% significativamente maior entre os homens, pessoas com 60 anos ou mais, não aderentes à fármacoterapia, que possuíam comorbidades e pressão arterial não controlada.
Simulação para desenvolvimento da competência clínica de avaliação de risco para úlcera por pressão
Authors: Moura Elaine Cristina Carvalho , Caliri Maria Helena Larcher
Published: November 2013

OBJETIVO: Analisar a percepção de graduandos em enfermagem sobre a estratégia de simulação no processo de ensino-aprendizagem para o desenvolvimento da competência avaliação de risco para úlcera por pressão. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo com análise qualitativa, desenvolvido com 29 estudantes de enfermagem do último ano do curso. Os dados foram coletados durante debriefing por grupo focal, após cenário de simulação e analisado pela técnica de Bardin, originando cinco categorias e respectivas unidades de registro temáticas. RESULTADOS: A estratégia foi capaz de resgatar o raciocínio operativo dos graduandos durante a execução do cenário de simulação (ação), desenvolvimento de pensamento crítico-reflexivo sobre a competência, identificação de lacunas de aprendizagem, promoção da satisfação aos estudantes e melhoria da autoimagem profissional. CONCLUSÃO: A estratégia de simulação desenvolve a competência avaliação de risco para úlcera por pressão em todas as suas dimensões: saberes (conhecimento), fazeres (habilidades) e querer-agir, saber-agir e poderagir (atitudes).
Seletividade de herbicidas em trevo-branco no estádio fenológico de expansão do primeiro trifólio
Authors: Machado Danielle , Lustosa Sebastião Brasil Campos , Baldissera Tiago Celso , Turok João Daniel Nerone , Machado Marielle , Watzlawick Luciano Farinha , Mendonça Cristina Gonçalves de , Pelissari Adelino
Published: November 2013

O trevo-branco (Trifolium repens L.) é uma forrageira utilizada na composição de sistemas de produção agropecuária. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a seletividade de herbicidas em trevo-branco, aplicado no estádio fenológico de primeiro trifólio em expansão. Realizou-se um experimento em blocos casualizados, com 19 tratamentos e três repetições. Observou-se, aos 84 dias após a aplicação de bentazon + imazethapyr, imazethapyr, bentazon e 2,4-D fitointoxicação inferior a 25% e produção de massa seca da parte aérea superior a 1.300 kg ha-1, sendo a cultura do trevo-branco tolerante a esses produtos, quando aplicados em plântulas no estádio fenológico de primeiro trifólio em expansão.
Ivermectina e abamectina em diferentes doses e vias de aplicação contra larvas de Cochliomyia hominivorax em bolsas escrotais de bovinos recém-castrados, provenientes da região sudeste do Brasil
Authors: Lopes Welber Daniel Zanetti , Teixeira Weslen Fabricio Pires , Felippelli Gustavo , Cruz Breno Cayeiro , Maciel Willian Giquelin , Matos Lucas Vinicius Shigaki de , Pereira João Carlos Melo , Buzzulini Carolina , Soares Vando Edésio , Santos Thais Rabelo dos , Oliveira Gilson Pereira de , Costa Alvimar José da
Published: November 2013

Avaliou-se a eficácia preventiva da ivermectina e da abamectina, administradas em diferentes vias (subcutânea, intramuscular e pour-on) e doses (200 e 500mcg kg-1), contra larvas de Cochliomyia hominivorax em bolsas escrotais de bovinos após a castração. Foram utilizados animais de seis propriedades do estado de São Paulo e Minas Gerais, Brasil. Para cada estudo, selecionou-se de 30 a 45 bovinos não castrados, dependendo do número de grupos. No dia zero do estudo, realizou-se o processo de castração pelo método cruento, sendo os animais tratados após este processo. Avaliou-se a eficácia da ivermectina e da abamectina administradas via pour-on (500mcg kg-1), subcutanea (200mcg kg-1), bem como a eficácia da abamectina pela via intramuscular (200mcg kg-1). Em cada experimento, um grupo de animais foi mantido como controle. Os animais foram avaliados do 3° ao 14° dia após o processo de castração/tratamento. Os valores de eficácia para ambos os princípios ativos foram ≤30% próximos ao 10° dia pós-tratamento (DPT), sendo que, em cinco experimentos, tanto a ivermectina quanto a abamectina, independente da via de administração, foram ineficazes (0,0%) no 10°DPT. Com base nos resultados encontrados no presente estudo, conduzidos em diferentes propriedades da região sudeste do Brasil, tanto a ivermectina quanto a abamectina, quando utilizadas com base no protocolo apresentado, foram consideradas ineficazes na prevenção de miíases escrotais em bovinos, independente da via e dose de administração utilizada.
Tradução e validação para a língua portuguesa da escala de neofobia em relação à tecnologia de alimentos: food technology neophobia scale
Authors: Vidigal Márcia Cristina Teixeira Ribeiro , Minim Valéria Paula Rodrigues , Moreira Rêmio Teixeira , Pires Ana Clarissa dos Santos , Ferreira Marco Aurélio Marques , Gonçalves Aline Cristina Arruda , Minim Luis Antônio
Published: November 2013

As indústrias de alimentos vêm inovando e desenvolvendo novos produtos e processamentos, e os consumidores estão mais conscientes e preocupados em relação às novas tecnologias alimentares, o que pode influenciar a aceitação dos alimentos. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se disponibilizar para a língua portuguesa o questionário originalmente desenvolvido em inglês que avalia a neofobia em relação à tecnologia de alimentos, denominado Food Technology Neophobia Scale (FNTS). O instrumento original composto por treze afirmações foi inicialmente traduzido para o português por três indivíduos bilíngues, de forma independente; na sequência, as versões em português foram traduzidas novamente para o inglês por outros três indivíduos bilíngues, também de forma independente. Procedeu-se então à análise das versões e ajustes para se obter uma única versão em português com equivalência conceitual e linguística, a qual recebeu o nome de Escala de Neofobia em relação à Tecnologia de Alimentos. As versões original e traduzida foram aplicadas a 30 indivíduos bilíngues para avaliação da confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade do questionário. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a tradução do instrumento foi adequada e confiável, podendo, portanto, ser empregada em estudos com consumidores brasileiros.
Descrição da secagem de placas cerâmicas por meio de um modelo de difusão
Authors: Silva L. D. da , Silva W. P. da , Silva C. M. D. P. S. , Farias V. S. O.
Published: November 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o transporte de água, através do modelo da difusão líquida, em placas cerâmicas que podem ser usadas como revestimento de alvenaria, bem como apresentar um algoritmo de otimização baseado no método inverso. Para atingir os objetivos o algoritmo apresentado foi acoplado à solução analítica da equação de difusão, possibilitando determinar os parâmetros de processo a partir dos dados experimentais da secagem das placas. A condição de contorno empregada foi a de terceiro tipo e a geometria considerada foi a de um paralelepípedo. Uma vez determinados os parâmetros de processo, a cinética de secagem das placas cerâmicas foi simulada para cada temperatura. Os revestimentos cerâmicos foram moldados com argila vermelha, que também é usada na fabricação de tijolos e telhas. Amostras do produto com teor de umidade inicial em ~ 0,110 (bs) foram colocadas dentro de uma estufa a 50,0, 60,0, 70,0 e 90,0 ºC, e os dados da cinética de secagem foram coletados. A análise dos resultados obtidos, por meio dos gráficos das cinéticas de secagem e dos indicadores estatísticos, permite concluir que o modelo de difusão líquida descreve de forma satisfatória a cinética de secagem do produto. Os valores obtidos para o coeficiente de transferência convectivo de massa e para a difusividade efetiva da água foram consistentes com valores disponíveis.
A Influência dos parâmetros de deposição na morfologia dos eletrólitos para células a combustível de óxido sólido, à base de filmes de zircônia: 8 mol% ítria depositados por spray pirólise
Authors: Rodrigues C. H. M. , Toniato M. , Souza Jr F. G. , Paes Jr H. R.
Published: November 2013

Foram produzidos filmes de zircônia estabilizada com 8 mol% de itria (8YSZ) por spray pirólise, que podem ser aplicados como eletrólitos de células a combustível de óxido sólido. A técnica de spray pirólise tem como vantagens ser de simples manuseio, baixo custo de operação, versátil e eficiente na obtenção dos filmes cerâmicos. Entretanto, como desvantagens principais encontram-se a grande quantidade de fatores que interferem na qualidade e a reprodutibilidade. Visando estabelecer a influência destes parâmetros na morfologia dos filmes, utilizou-se a técnica de planejamento de experimentos, com três parâmetros determinados com principais: temperatura de deposição (T), fluxo da solução (F) e tempo de deposição (t). A morfologia dos filmes foi analisada por microscopia ótica com aumentos de 400x em campo claro e escuro, avaliando a presença de trincas, poros, partículas salinas e rugosidade. Para a execução das análises empregou-se o software ImageJ, que possibilitou a quantificação da influência dos parâmetros de deposição na morfologia. Realizou-se a modelagem dos resultados obtendo-se que os filmes de melhor morfologia, dentro dos parâmetros estudados, seriam produzidos com temperatura de deposição 320 ºC, tempo de deposição 32 min e fluxo 1,4 mL/min. O filme de 8YSZ depositado com os parâmetros modelados foi tratado termicamente a 1000 ºC por 300 min com o objetivo de se alcançar a estrutura cristalina cúbica do tipo fluorita. A estrutura do filme foi analisada por difração de raios X, apresentando-se policristalino e com estrutura cúbica de face centrada do tipo fluorita, com orientação preferencial dos grãos no plano (111). As propriedades morfológicas dos filmes foram analisadas por microscopia de força atômica, indicando ter-se obtido um filme homogêneo, isento de microtrincas e microporos.
Consumo de leite e derivados entre adultos e idosos no Sul do Brasil: um estudo de base populacional
Authors: Muniz Ludmila Correa , Madruga Samanta Winck , Araújo Cora Luiza
Published: November 2013

Estudo transversal de base populacional que avaliou a frequência de consumo de leite e derivados, segundo características demográficas e socioeconômicas entre adultos e idosos da cidade de Pelotas (RS). A frequência de consumo de leite e derivados foi medida por meio de um roteiro com perguntas curtas e simples. Avaliou-se, também, a origem (leite de vaca, soja, outro) e teor de gordura do leite consumido (integral, semidesnatado, desnatado). Nas análises estatísticas foram utilizados testes qui-quadrado de heterogeneidade e de tendência linear. A prevalência de consumo regular de leite e/ou derivados foi 45,9%, sendo 1,7 vezes maior entre idosos comparado aqueles com 20-29 anos de idade. Uma maior prevalência também foi observada entre mulheres, indivíduos brancos e de maior escolaridade. Nível econômico mostrou associação inversa e significativa com o desfecho. Quase a totalidade da amostra toma leite de vaca e mais de três quartos, com teor de gordura integral. Cerca de um quarto dos adultos não tomam leite e destes, menos de 20% consomem diariamente algum derivado lácteo. O consumo de leite e derivados, sobretudo com reduzido teor de gordura, deve ser encorajado entre adultos. Atenção especial deve ser dada aos mais jovens, homens e aqueles de menor escolaridade e nível econômico.
Estado nutricional de adolescentes do Maranhão, Brasil, por critérios nacional e internacional
Authors: Costa Andréa Suzana Vieira , Chein Maria Bethânia da Costa , Tonial Sueli Rosina , Gama Mônica Elinor Alves , Martins Maylla Luanna Barbosa , Cunha Carlos Leonardo Figueiredo , Silva Diego Salvador Muniz da , Cruz Paulo Roberto Silva , Brito Luciane Maria Oliveira
Published: November 2013

O presente estudo objetivou comparar os critérios nacional e internacional para avaliação do estado nutricional de adolescentes. Realizou-se um estudo transversal e analítico, no período de julho de 2007 a janeiro de 2008, com uma amostra representativa do estado do Maranhão composta por 1.256 adolescentes. O índice de massa corporal (IMC) por gênero e idade foi utilizado para diagnosticar baixo peso, peso adequado e excesso de peso, empregando-se os critérios propostos por Conde e Monteiro e pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). Foram aplicados testes qui-quadrados, concordância de McNemar e correlação de Spearman. Segundo os critérios de Conde e Monteiro e da OMS, houve diferenças significativas entre os meninos quanto ao baixo peso e obesidade. Observou-se que não houve discordância significativa entre os dois critérios. Constatou-se uma correlação positiva e significativa (0,011) entre os dois critérios. Com esta análise pode-se perceber que não há muitas discordâncias entre os critérios utilizados, portanto não podemos apontar o melhor critério e as vantagens de se utilizar um ou outro. Contudo, vale ressaltar que o critério nacional também pode ser mais utilizado, já que não tem diferenças significativas com aquele preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde, da OMS.
O discurso dos gestores sobre a equidade: um desafio para o SUS
Authors: Granja Gabriela Ferreira , Zoboli Elma Lourdes Campos Pavone , Fracolli Lislaine Aparecida
Published: November 2013

A equidade é um dos pilares da Sistema único de Saúde (SUS). Entretanto, a análise da literatura científica demonstra que este conceito é polissêmico e assume diversas interpretações. Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar os sentidos conferidos à equidade no discurso dos gestores do SUS. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com os sujeitos de três municípios do Estado de São Paulo: Marília, São Carlos e Santos. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e organizadas através do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Na análise dos resultados, foram encontradas três categorias centrais: Tratar todos de forma igualitária; tratar os desiguais de forma desigual, priorizando os mais necessitados, segundo a condição socioeconômica; e tratar os desiguais de forma desigual, priorizando os grupos específicos, segundo critério de risco. A polissemia encontrada na literatura científica foi também encontrada nos discursos. Os gestores reconhecem a equidade como um princípio do SUS e buscam critérios clínicos e epidemiológicos prudentes que justifiquem suas escolhas na alocação de recursos. Há necessidade de novos estudos a respeito do conceito e da operacionalização da equidade e a necessidade de ouvir os demais atores do SUS, que integram as ações e são corresponsáveis pelas decisões em Saúde.
Assessment of catchment response and calibration of a hydrological model using high-frequency discharge–nitrate concentration data
Authors: Shrestha Rajesh R. , Osenbrück Karsten , Rode Michael
Published: November 2013

This study uses a high-frequency discharge and nitrate concentration dataset from the Weida catchment in Germany for the catchment scale hydrologic response analysis. Nitrate transport in the catchment is mostly conservative as indicated by the nitrate stable isotope (δ15N and δ18O) analysis. Discharge–nitrate concentration data from the catchment show distinctive patterns, suggesting flushing and dilution response. A self-organizing feature map-based methodology was employed to identify such patterns or cluster in the datasets. Based on knowledge of the catchment conditions and prevailing understanding of discharge–nitrate concentration relationship, the clusters were characterized into five qualitative flow responses: (1) baseflow; (2) subsurface flow increase; (3) surface runoff increase; (4) surface runoff recession; and (5) subsurface flow decrease. Such qualitative flowpaths were used as soft data for a multi-objective calibration of a hydrological model (WaSiM-ETH). The calibration led to a reasonable simulation of overall discharge (Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient: 0.84) and qualitative flowpaths (76% agreement). A prerequisite for using such methodology is limited biogeochemical transformation of nitrate (such as denitrification).
Modelling of anaerobic digester biogas production: case study of a pilot project in Morocco
Authors: Abarghaz Youssef , Mohammed El Ghali Khiyati , Mahi Mustapha , Werner Christine , Bendaou Najib , Fekhaoui Mohammed , Abdelaziz Ben Houssa
Published: November 2013

An anaerobic digestion pilot system was implemented in June 2010 in the Moroccan village of Dayet Ifrah. The input material consists of toilet wastewater and cattle manure. Biogas is produced under anaerobic conditions. It is used for heating and cooking. This biogas system could be an useful sanitation technology due to its ability to treat wastewater. The biogas system was monitored over 86 days in summer 2012 to measure gas production. The average gas production recorded was about 1,870 l per day. This amount is sufficient for a farming family composed of 17 people. Our work seeks to find the most appropriate formula to predict biogas production under Moroccan conditions. We compared and ranked different formulas by applying principal component analysis and the ELECTRE III method. The variables studied were the chemical oxygen demand reduction and biogas volume measurements. The results show that the formula of Vedrenne is the most appropriate equation to predict biogas production in Moroccan rural areas (see Vedrenne (2007) ‘Study of Anaerobic Degradation Processes and Methane Production During Storage of Manure’. Environmental Science Thesis. ENSA, Rennes).
Removal efficiency calculated beforehand: QSAR enabled predictions for nanofiltration and advanced oxidation
Authors: Vries D. , Wols B. A. , de Voogt P.
Published: November 2013

The efficiency of water treatment systems in removing emerging (chemical) substances is often unknown. Consequently, the prediction of the removal of contaminants in the treatment and supply chain of drinking water is of great interest. By collecting and processing existing chemical properties of contaminants, QSARs (quantitative structure-activity relationships) for typical removal parameters can be constructed. Depending on the definition of the predicted endpoint, QSARs are (1) embedded in a process model suite, where they serve to predict a model parameter and the total, hybrid model predicts a removal rate or (2) used to directly predict, e.g., the removal rate, or a rejection coefficient for membrane systems. The different types of resulting prediction models, ranging from mechanistic (causal) to empirical (data-based), allow for hypothesis testing of current physico-chemical mechanisms and interactions between the contaminant, the type of water and the materials or energy (e.g. UV light) of the removal barrier. Two case studies illustrate this viewpoint and also pinpoint that, firstly, QSAR development, validation and residual analysis stress the linkage between the QSAR endpoints and process model predictions, and secondly, they lay bare the need to share data, algorithms and models.
Impact of kaolinite clay particles on the filtration of Cryptosporidium-sized microspheres
Authors: Papineau Isabelle , Tufenkji Nathalie , Barbeau Benoit
Published: November 2013

Granular filtration remains a key barrier for Cryptosporidium removal in water treatment plants without UV irradiation. To assess the impact of clay particles in source water on Cryptosporidium removal efficiency by granular filtration, this study investigated the co-transport of Cryptosporidium-sized microspheres and kaolinite particles in sand columns. To investigate the influence of clay load on microsphere transport and deposition, varying influent kaolinite concentrations (0–106particles/mL) and microsphere concentrations (102–106microspheres/mL) were tested. The spatial distribution of retained microspheres was examined subsequent to experiments via filter coring. Results demonstrate that increasing the influent microsphere concentration impaired filter performance due to a blocking mechanism whereby previously retained particles repel incoming particles. In contrast, when the particulate load was dominated by kaolinite (for an equivalent particulate load), filter performance improved as a result of filter ripening whereby previously deposited particles act as additional collectors. Thus, microsphere-kaolinite interactions proved to be favorable although both particles possessed negative zeta potentials in the tested conditions. This study demonstrates that granular filter performance is vulnerable to peak events of microbial contamination. Conversely, Cryptosporidium-sized microsphere removal by granular filtration is enhanced in the presence of kaolinite in source water.
Accounting for Material Reality in the Analytic Subject
Authors: Brooks Robin
Published: November 2013

Scientific advances made in the 21st century contend that the forces of nature and nurture work together through an ongoing series of complex correspondences between brain and mental activity in our daily activities with others. Jung’s cosmological model of the psyche minimizes the fundamental corporeal condition of human nature and as such is critiqued and amended, influenced by the transcendental materialist theories of subjectivity inspired by Žižek, Johnston and Laplanche.
Simulation of Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Networks
Authors: Gruhn Thomas , Emmerich Heike
Published: November 2013

The structure and material properties of polymer networks can depend sensitively on changes in the environment. There is a great deal of progress in the development of stimuli-responsive hydrogels for applications like sensors, self-repairing materials or actuators. Biocompatible, smart hydrogels can be used for applications, such as controlled drug delivery and release, or for artificial muscles. Numerical studies have been performed on different length scales and levels of details. Macroscopic theories that describe the network systems with the help of continuous fields are suited to study effects like the stimuli-induced deformation of hydrogels on large scales. In this article, we discuss various macroscopic approaches and describe, in more detail, our phase field model, which allows the calculation of the hydrogel dynamics with the help of a free energy that considers physical and chemical impacts. On a mesoscopic level, polymer systems can be modeled with the help of the self-consistent field theory, which includes the interactions, connectivity, and the entropy of the polymer chains, and does not depend on constitutive equations. We present our recent extension of the method that allows the study of the formation of nano domains in reversibly crosslinked block copolymer networks. Molecular simulations of polymer networks allow the investigation of the behavior of specific systems on a microscopic scale. As an example for microscopic modeling of stimuli sensitive polymer networks, we present our Monte Carlo simulations of a filament network system with crosslinkers.
Redimensionner la violence dans la Révolution antillaise
Authors: Pérotin-Dumon Anne
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT - The French Revolution in the Caribbean was a troubled and profoundly violent time. Its legacy — a horrific human cost and catastrophic destructions — are well known. But we know little of what actually happened. Historians tend to leave out such facts. By focusing on witnesses and the evidence they provide on an array of situations, this article argues for the need to redimension the violence in the revolutionary Caribbean.
Tan violentas como las heridas. Palabras dichas en la Puebla porfiriana
Authors: Estrada Urroz Rosalina
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN - En la Puebla porfiriana, debajo del mundo reglamentado y ordenado existe un espacio opaco y velado donde se dan las expresiones de la violencia. A través de las palabras dichas, injurias físicas y verbales expresan emociones, pasiones y razones que se constituyen en procesos de ofensa/defensa de los afectos y del honor. En este ámbito llamado bárbaro no existen eufemismos.
Servitude volontaire et masochisme dans la modernité Freud et la responsabilité politique de la psychanalyse
Authors: Birman Joel
Published: November 2013

Ce travail a l’intention d’indiquer l’insertion du discours freudien dans le projet moderniste de la critique de la modernité, où, par la médiation de la problématique du malaise, il met en évidence l’inconsistance ontologique et l’angoisse qui lui est corrélative. Parallèlement, le masochisme en tant que modalité privilégiée de subjectivation est mis en relief, afin de montrer la manière selon laquelle le sujet évite d’assumer la condition de désarroi, dans le but de réaliser des sublimations dans les registres politique, esthétique et éthique.
ZOLA, 13 janvier 1898
Authors: Drossart Francis
Published: November 2013

Acte résistant s’il en fut, le «  J’Accuse !... » de Zola est aussi un monument de la littérature : tout son sens est donné ici au terme d’« écrivain-martyr ». Fidèle à son credo naturaliste, l’auteur des Rougon-Macquart est là encore à la recherche de la vérité. Sa démarche d’investigation s’opposant à la haine de la vérité et de la connaissance qui anime les anti-dreyfusards, renouvelle, décrit et met en scène l’éternel conflit entre Œdipe et Tirésias.
Recurrent lumbar disc herniation: A prospective comparative study of three surgical management procedures
Authors: El Shazly Ayman , El Wardany Mohammed , Morsi Ahmad
Published: November 2013

Context : The optimal surgical treatment of recurrent lumbar disc herniation is controversial. Aim: To compare prospectively the clinical outcomes of surgical treatment of recurrent lumbar disc herniation by three different methods; discectomy alone, discectomy with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), and diecectomy with posterolateral fusion (PLF), regardless of the postoperative radiological findings. Study Design: This is a prospective, randomized, comparative study. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, comparative study on 45 patients with first time recurrent lumbar disc herniation. Patients were evaluated clinically by using the criteria of the Japanese Orthopedic Association's evaluation system for low back pain syndrome (JOA score). The patients were classified into three groups: Group A; patients who had revision discectomy alone, group B; patients who had revision discectomy with TLIF, and group C; patients who had revision discectomy with PLF. The mean follow-up period was 37 (±7.85 STD) months. Results: The mean overall recovery rate was 87.2% (±19.26 STD) and the satisfactory rate was 88.9%. Comparison between the three groups showed no significant difference with regard to the mean total postoperative JOA score, recovery rate, and satisfactory rate. However, the postoperative low back pain was significantly higher in group A than that of group B and C. Two patients in group A required further revision surgery. The incidences of dural tear and postoperative neurological deficit were higher in group A. The intraoperative blood loss and length of operation were significantly less in group A. The total cost of the procedure was significantly different between the three groups, being least in group A and highest in group B. There was no significant difference between the three groups with regard to the length of postoperative hospital stay. Conclusion: Revision discectomy is effective in patients with recurrent lumbar disc herniation. Fusion with revision discectomy improves the postoperative low back pain, decreases the intraoperative risk of dural tear or neural damage and decreases the postoperative incidence of mechanical instability or re-recurrence. TLIF and PLF have comparable results when used with revision discectomy, but PLF has significantly less total cost than TLIF.
Grave's disease with transverse and sigmoid sinus thrombosis needing surgical intervention
Authors: Srikant Banumathy , Balasubramaniam Srikant
Published: November 2013

Thrombosis of venous sinuses associated with thyrotoxicosis is rare, and isolated transverse and sigmoid sinus thrombosis is rarer and reported only once previously. We present a case of Graves disease, who suffered unilateral sigmoid and transverse sinus thrombosis with intracranial hemorrhage. A 42-year-old female, a diagnosed case of Graves disease, presented to us with headache, drowsiness, and hemiparesis. Computed Tomography revealed a large right temporo-parieto-occipital venous infarct. The patient needed surgical intervention in the form of decompressive craniotomy following which she improved, and on follow-up is having no deficits. Thrombophilia profile showed a low Protein S and Anti thrombin III (AT III) levels. Deranged thrombophilia profile in combination with the hypercoagulable state in thyrotoxicosis, most likely precipitated the thrombotic event. Timely surgical intervention can be offered in selective cases with a good clinical outcome.
Probing latitudinal variations of the solar magnetic field in cycles 21–23 by Parker's Two-Layer Dynamo Model with meridional circulation
Authors: Popova E. , Zharkova V. , Zharkov S.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Principle component analysis (PCA) of the solar background magnetic field (SBMF) measured from Wilcox Solar Observatory (WSO) magnetograms revealed the following principal components (PCs) in latitudes: two main symmetric components, which are the same for all cycles 21–23, and three pairs of asymmetric components, which are unique for each cycle. These SBMF variations are assumed to be those of poloidal magnetic field travelling slightly off-phase from pole to pole while crossing the equator. They are assumed to be caused by a joint action of dipole and quadruple magnetic sources in the Sun. In the current paper, we make the first attempt to interpret these latitudinal variations in the surface magnetic field with Parker's two-layer dynamo model. The latitudinal distributions of such waves are simulated for cycles 21–23 by the modified Parker's dynamo model taking into account both α and ω effects operating simultaneously in the two (upper and lower) layers of the solar convective zone (SCZ) and having opposite directions of meridional circulation. The simulations are carried out for both dipole and quadruple magnetic sources with the dynamo parameters specifically selected to provide the curves fitting closely the PCs derived from SBMF variations in cycles 21–23. The simulations are optimised for matching the positions of maximums in latitude, the number of equator crossings and the phase difference between the two dynamo waves operating in the two layers. The dominant pair of PCs present in each cycle is found to be fully asymmetric with respect to the magnetic poles and produced by a magnetic dipole. This pair is found to account for the two main dynamo waves operating between the two magnetic poles. There are also three further pairs of waves unique to each cycle and associated with multiple magnetic sources in the Sun. For the odd cycle 21 the simulated poloidal field fits the observed PCs, only if they are produced by magnetic sources with a quadruple symmetry in both layers, while for the even cycle 22 the fit to the observed PCs is achieved only in the case of quadruple magnetic sources in the upper layer and dipole sources in the inner layer. For the other odd cycle 23 the fit to observation is obtained for the quadruple magnetic sources in the inner layer and the dipole sources in the upper layer. The magnitudes of dynamo numbers D defining the conditions (depth and latitude) of a magnetic flux formation and the numbers N of zeros (equator crossings by the waves) are found to increase and the meridional circulation speed to decrease with a cycle number increase (D = −700, N = 3 for cycle 21 and D = −104, N = 9 for cycle 23). The phase delays between the waves in each unique pairs are also found to increase with the cycle number from ~9° in cycle 21 to ~13° in cycle 23.
Historic maps as a data source for socio-hydrology: a case study of the Lake Balaton wetland system, Hungary
Authors: Zlinszky A. , Timár G.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Socio-hydrology is the science of human influence on hydrology and the influence of the water cycle on human social systems. This newly emerging discipline inherently involves a historic perspective, often focusing on timescales of several centuries. While data on human history is typically available for this time frame, gathering information on the hydrological situation during such a period can prove difficult: measured hydrological data for such long periods are rare, while models and secondary data sets from geomorphology, pedology or archaeology are typically not accurate enough over such a short time. In the first part of this study, the use of historic maps in hydrology is reviewed. Major breakthroughs were the acceptance of historic map content as valid data, the use of preserved features for investigating situations earlier than the map, and the onset of digital georeferencing and data integration. Historic maps can be primary quantitative sources of hydro-geomorphological information, they can provide a context for point-based measurements over larger areas, and they can deliver time series for a better understanding of change scenarios. In the second part, a case study is presented: water level fluctuations of Lake Balaton were reconstructed from maps, levelling logs and other documents. An 18th century map system of the whole 5700 km2 catchment was georeferenced, integrated with two 19th century map systems, and wetlands, forests and open water digitized. Changes in wetland area were compared with lake water level changes in a 220 yr time series. Historic maps show that the water level of the lake was closer to present-day levels than expected, and that wetland loss pre-dates drainage of the lake. The present and future role of historic maps is discussed. Historic hydrological data has to be treated with caution: while it is possible to learn form the past, the assumption that future changes will be like past changes does not always hold. Nevertheless, old maps are relatively accessible data sets and the knowledge base for using them is rapidly growing, and it can be expected that long-term time series will be established by integrating georeferenced map systems over large areas. In the Appendix, a step-by-step guide to using historic maps in hydrology is given, starting from finding a map, through georeferencing and processing the map to publication of the results.
The Agreement on the Establishment of the Extraordinary African Chambers within the Senegalese Judicial System Between the Government of the Republic Of Senegal and the African Union and the Statute of the Chambers
Authors: Adjovi Roland
Published: November 2013

On August 22, 2012, the Republic of Senegal and the African Union (AU) signed an agreement to create a tribunal within the Senegalese judicial system to prosecute the perpetrators of international law violations in Chad between 1982 and 1990. To be called the Extraordinary African Chambers (Chambers), the tribunal is the result of years of political and judicial bargaining around Hissein Habré, the former President of Chad. The Chambers were inaugurated in February 2013, following the agreement upon a Statute of the Chambers in January 2013. On July 2, 2013, Hissein Habré was charged with crimes against humanity, torture, and war crimes, and placed in pre-trial detention. To date, Habré is the only indictee, but the Prosecutor reportedly intends to seek the indictment of five officials of Habré’s administration suspected of having committed international crimes.
Technology Tips: Using Applets for Inquiry
Authors: Jacques Lorraine A.
Published: November 2013

Teachers have what they need-students, a data projector or an interactive whiteboard, and connection to the Internet. Teachers know what they want-students observing mathematics in action, making conjectures, and supporting their conjectures with solid reasoning. However, when using applets, teachers quickly encounter two difficulties: how to choose them and how to use them.
La gestion des données de recherche en bibliothèque universitaire
Authors: Guindon Alex
Published: November 2013

L’augmentation exponentielle de la quantité de données de recherche produites et réutilisées par les chercheurs pose des défis importants aux bibliothèques universitaires. Il s’agit pour celles-ci de mettre sur pied des services de gestion de données intégrés au cycle de vie de la recherche. Cela n’est possible qu’en assurant une collaboration active avec une série d’acteurs internes et externes, et en développant une formation spécialisée au sein des écoles de sciences de l’information. Cet article décrit le contexte de cette transformation, et identifie les principales activités et les responsables pour chaque étape du cycle de vie de la recherche.
Separating physical and meteorological controls of variable transit times in zero‐order catchments
Authors: Heidbüchel Ingo , Troch Peter A. , Lyon Steve W.
Published: November 2013

We observed water fluxes and isotopic compositions within the subsurface of six small nested zero‐order catchments over the course of three North American monsoon seasons and found that mean transit times (mTTs) were variable between seasons and different spatial patterns of mTTs emerged each year. For each monsoon season, it was possible to correlate mTTs with a different physical catchment property. In 2007, mTTs correlated best with mean soil depth, in 2008 soil hydraulic conductivity gained importance in explaining the variability and in 2009 planform curvature showed the best correlation. Differences in meteorological forcing between the three monsoon seasons explained the temporal variability of mTTs. In 2007, a series of precipitation events caused the storage capacity of the soils of some of the zero‐order catchments to be exceeded. As a result those catchments started producing quick runoff (overland and macropore flow). In 2008, precipitation events were more evenly distributed throughout the season, soils did not saturate, runoff coefficients decreased because more water left the catchment via evapotranspiration and soil hydraulic conductivity became a stronger control since matrix flow dominated. The 2009 monsoon was unusually dry, the soil storage became depleted and water flowed mainly through bedrock pathways. Therefore, topographic parameters gained importance in determining how quickly water arrived at the catchment outlet. In order to improve our understanding of what controls mTTs we suggest a dimensionless number that helps identifying partitioning thresholds and sorts precipitation events into one of the three response modes that were observed in our zero‐order catchments.
Decadal warming of coastal China Seas and coupling with winter monsoon and currents
Authors: Oey L.‐Y. , Chang M.‐C. , Chang Y.‐L. , Lin Y.‐C. , Xu F.‐H.
Published: November 2013

In recent decades, wintertime sea surface temperatures off the eastern coast of China have steadily increased. The warming is accompanied by on‐coast wind convergence across East China Sea and by stronger northeasterly wind which is spatially inhomogeneous being greatest in the Taiwan Strait. Strong winds favor more frequent cross‐shelf currents and vigorous spreading of heat from the Kuroshio, which warms the coastal sea in a positive feedback loop. The process also weakens the East Asian winter monsoon over eastern China, contributing to its decoupling from the recent rebound of the Siberian High.
Coated HZSM‐5 catalyst with aluminophosphate for methanol dehydration to produce dimethyl ether reaction
Authors: Tavan Yadollah
Published: November 2013

The precipitation method was used to modify HZSM‐5 by coating it with aluminophosphate at P/Al molar ratios of 0.3, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.5. These catalysts were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, NH3‐temperature‐programmed desorption, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Fourier transform infrared, Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP‐OES) and scanning electron microscopy and evaluated as catalysts for the methanol dehydration reaction. The ZALPO0.8 catalyst achieved 86% conversion, which was the highest conversion till 315 °C. It was found that primary benefits of AlPO modification were that it tended to retard the activity of the highly active acid sites, which promote dimethyl ether decomposition and led to decrease in the apparent activation energy. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐Pot Palladium‐Catalyzed Borrowing Hydrogen Synthesis of Thioethers
Authors: Corma Avelino , Navas Javier , Ródenas Tania , Sabater María J.
Published: November 2013

Palladium on magnesium oxide is able to allow a one‐pot reaction to synthesize thioethers from thiols and aldehydes formed in situ from the respective alcohol by means of a borrowing hydrogen method. The reaction is initiated by dehydrogenation of the alcohol to give a palladium hydride intermediate and an aldehyde. The latter reacts with a thiol involving most probably the intermediacy of a thionium ion RCHS+R, which can be reduced in situ by the metal hydride to afford thioethers.
Study of collision‐induced dissociation of electrospray‐generated protonated cathinones
Authors: Fornal Emilia
Published: November 2013

The collision‐induced dissociation (CID) pathways of electrospray‐generated protonated cathinones were examined to help elucidate the structures of new cathinone‐based designer drugs by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Quadrupole time‐of‐flight product spectra were obtained for 39 substituted cathinones and were analyzed to derive general CID fragmentation pathways. Nine classes of cathinones were characterized based on structural criteria, including the molecular double bond equivalent and the characteristics of the amine group. For each class of cathinones, we determined the characteristic CID fragmentation pathways, and identified the primary and some specific higher‐order product ions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.