bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
5-Heptadecylresorcinol Improves Aging-Associated Hepatic Fatty Acid Oxidation Dysfunction via Regulating Adipose Sirtuin 3
Authors: Zhang Kuiliang , Jiang Lei , Xue Lamei , Wang Yu , Sun Yujie , Fan Mingcong , Qian Haifeng , Wang Li , Li Yan
Published: March 2024

Aging-associated hepatic fatty acid (FA) oxidation dysfunction contributes to impaired adaptive thermogenesis. 5-Heptadecylresorcinol (AR-C17) is a prominent functional component of whole wheat and rye, and has been demonstrated to improve the thermogenic capacity of aged mice via the regulation of Sirt3. However, the effect of AR-C17 on aging-associated hepatic FA oxidation dysfunction remains unclear. Here, 18-month-old C57BL/6J mice were orally administered with AR-C17 at a dose of 150 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. Systemic glucose and lipid metabolism, hepatic FA oxidation, and the lipolysis of white adipose tissues (WAT) were measured. The results showed that AR-C17 improved the hepatic FA oxidation, and especially acylcarnitine metabolism, of aged mice during cold stimulation, with the enhancement of systemic glucose and lipid metabolism. Meanwhile, AR-C17 improved the WAT lipolysis of aged mice, promoting hepatic acylcarnitine production. Furthermore, the adipose-specific Sirt3 knockout mice were used to investigate and verify the regulation mechanism of AR-C17 on aging-associated hepatic FA oxidation dysfunction. The results showed that AR-C17 failed to improve the WAT lipolysis and hepatic FA oxidation of aged mice in the absence of adipose Sirt3, indicating that AR-C17 might indirectly influence hepatic FA oxidation via regulating WAT Sirt3. Our findings suggest that AR-C17 might improve aging-associated hepatic FA oxidation dysfunction via regulating adipose Sirt3.
Experiences for Geriatric Care from Nursing Students’ Knowledge: A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Gil-Mateu Elsa , Reverté-Villarroya Silvia , Albacar-Riobóo Núria , Barceló-Prats Josep
Published: March 2024

(1) Background: Studies have shown that clinical experience has an impact on how students perceive geriatric care. The vulnerability of older people particularly allows students to reflect on and evaluate their learning. In this context, communication between tutors and students is important to guiding a contextualized view of the complexity of clinical situations. The principal objective was to explore the feelings, perceptions, and experiences of nursing students in geriatric care units during their practices. (2) Methods: This is a qualitative study using content analysis where the data collected were analyzed deductively. An intentional sample of 81 nursing degree students enrolled in the subject of clinical practices. During these sessions, a dynamic discussion forum was incorporated. (3) Results: There were 6 forums with a total of 591 participants, with an average of 98.5 per forum. Four categories emerged: humanization, geriatric nurse, aging, and learning. (4) Conclusions: A change of management oriented to the person-centered model would improve the quality in the residences and as well as in the expectations of the students towards geriatric nursing. Changing perspectives could be a way to confront and become aware of the fallacies of care that have been evidenced. This study was not registered.
The Reasons for Unfinished Nursing Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Review
Authors: Sist Luisa , Chiappinotto Stefania , Messina Rossella , Rucci Paola , Palese Alvisa
Published: March 2024

Background: The concept of unfinished nursing care (UNC) describes nursing interventions required by patients and families that nurses postpone or omit. UNC reasons have been documented; however, no studies have summarised the underlying factors triggering the UNC during the pandemic. Therefore, the aim was to synthesise the available studies exploring factors affecting UNC during a pandemic. Methods: We conducted an integrative review following Whittemore and Knafl’s framework according to the Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and the Scopus databases were searched for primary studies that collected data from 1 January 2020 to 1 May 2023. Both qualitative and quantitative studies assessing the reasons for UNC were eligible and evaluated in their quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results: Four studies were included—three qualitative and one cross-sectional. The reasons for UNC have been documented at the following levels: (a) system (e.g., new healthcare system priorities); (b) unit (e.g., ineffective work processes); (c) nurse management (e.g., inadequate nurse manager’s leadership); (d) nurse (e.g., nurses’ attitudes, competences, performances); and (e) patient (increased demand for care). Conclusion: The reasons for UNC during the COVID-19 pandemic are different to those documented in the pre-pandemic times and reflect a pre-existing frailty of the National Health Service towards nursing care.
Evaluation of a Commercial Serum Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Neospora caninum-Specific Antibodies in Raw Milk of Ruminants
Authors: Fereig Ragab M. , Altwaim Sarah A. , Frey Caroline F.
Published: March 2024

Bovine neosporosis is an infection caused by the protozoan parasite Neospora caninum and has substantial veterinary hazards. Neosporosis cannot be controlled by vaccination or chemotherapy. Thus, accurate diagnosis followed by isolation and culling of infected animals is regarded as the most efficient method of control. In vivo diagnosis often relies on serologic testing of the animals, and milk represents a non-invasive and easy-to-collect sample matrix. However, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specifically designed for antibody detection in milk are sometimes not easily available and it is tempting to use ELISA kits that are originally designed for use in serum in milk samples instead. Herein, we evaluated a widely used commercial ELISA (ID Screen® Neospora caninum competition Multispecies ELISA (ID. Vet, Grabels, France)), developed for detection of N. caninum antibodies in serum samples, for its performance on milk samples. Milk samples from dairy ruminants (cows, buffaloes, sheep, and goats; n = 149) were tested in parallel with the serum ELISA and a commercial milk ELISA as a standard test (Neospora caninum Milk Competitive ELISA, ID. Vet, Grabels, France). The detected prevalence values were 28.2% (42/149), 17.4% (26/149), and 17.4% (26/149) using milk ELISA, serum ELISA, and both ELISAs, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the serum ELISA used with milk samples were 61.9%, 100%, 100%, and 87%, respectively. The agreement and kappa value between the two ELISAs were 89.3% and 0.70, respectively, suggesting substantial agreement. High values of Pearson correlation coefficient (0.904, p ≥ 0.0001) and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (0.789, p ≥ 0.0001) demonstrated the high diagnostic performance of the serum ELISA in milk samples. Also, a Bland–Altman Plot and histogram describing the frequency of distribution of ELISA optical densities confirmed the high agreement of both serum and milk ELISAs. The current results revealed the high specificity but moderate sensitivity of the serum ELISA used for milk samples compared with the milk ELISA. However, the excellent positive predictive value of the serum ELISA makes it an alternative option in case of the unavailability of milk ELISAs. With this study, we provided additional evidence that a widely used serum ELISA test kit may also be used for the detection of N. caninum antibodies in milk samples.
Comprehensive Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcome of Taenia crassiceps Cysticercosis in a Ring-Tailed Lemur (Lemur catta) from a Croatian Zoo: No Longer Unusual?
Authors: Grbavac Lea , Šikić Ana , Kostešić Petar , Šoštarić-Zuckermann Ivan-Conrado , Mojčec Perko Vesna , Boras Jadranko , Bata Ingeborg , Musulin Andrija , Kostanjšak Tara , Živičnjak Tatjana
Published: March 2024

Taenia crassiceps is a zoonotic tapeworm of the genus Taenia that is distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Wild and domestic carnivores are final hosts, while rodents and rabbits are primarily intermediate hosts, although many other mammals may harbour the larval stage, Cysticercus longicollis. This case report aims to describe C. longicollis infection in a lemur and molecularly characterise the isolated parasite. The excised lesion was subjected to morphological and histopathological examination, which revealed cysticerci of the tapeworm. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded block (FFPEB), as well as the cysticerci fixed with formalin stored for one year, were subjected to molecular analysis, which aimed at detecting the partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene of Taenia sp. Based on the morphological characteristics, the parasite was identified as a metacestode of T. crassiceps. The presence of the cox1 gene was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in all samples. A randomly selected PCR product was sequenced and compared with other sequences from the GenBank database, confirming that the detected parasite was T. crassiceps. This article reports the first case of T. crassiceps cysticercosis in a lemur (Lemur catta) in Croatia and emphasises the potential risk of transmission from wild carnivores.
Valp1, a Newly Identified Temperate Phage Facilitating Coexistence of Lysogenic and Non-Lysogenic Populations of Vibrio anguillarum
Authors: Arce Manuel , Venegas Guillermo , Paez Karla , Latz Simone , Navarrete Paola , Caruffo Mario , Feijoo Carmen , García Katherine , Bastías Roberto
Published: March 2024

Vibrio anguillarum is a pathogen for several fish and shellfish species. Its ecology is influenced by diverse factors, including bacteriophages. Here, we identify and characterize a new temperate bacteriophage (Valp1) of V. anguillarum. Valp1 is a myovirus with a 60 nm head and a 90 nm contractile tail. Its double-stranded DNA genome of 42,988 bp contains 68 genes, including a protelomerase gene, typical of telomeric phages. Valp1 inhibits the growth of the virulent strain of V. anguillarum PF4, while the derived lysogenic strain P1.1 presents a slight reduction in its growth but is not affected by the presence of Valp1. Both strains present similar virulence in a larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) model, and only slight differences have been observed in their biochemical profile. Co-culture assays reveal that PF4 and P1.1 can coexist for 10 h in the presence of naturally induced Valp1, with the proportion of PF4 ranging between 28% and 1.6%. By the end of the assay, the phage reached a concentration of ~108 PFU/mL, and all the non-lysogenic PF4 strains were resistant to Valp1. This equilibrium was maintained even after five successive subcultures, suggesting the existence of a coexistence mechanism between the lysogenic and non-lysogenic populations of V. anguillarum in conjunction with the phage Valp1.
Nattokinase, a Subtilisin-like Alkaline-Serine Protease, Reduces Mutacin Activity by Inactivating the Competence-Stimulating Peptide in Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Kimijima Manami , Narisawa Naoki , Hori Eiji , Mandokoro Kengo , Ito Tatsuro , Ota Yukina , Sashida Momoko , Kawai Yasushi , Takenaga Fumio
Published: March 2024

Streptococcus mutans is a major cariogenic organism because of its ability to form biofilms on tooth surfaces. Bacteriocins produced by S. mutans (known as mutacins) are indirect pathogenic factors that play a role in the persistence of this microbe in the oral environment. Nattokinase, a subtilisin-like alkaline serine protease, potently inhibits biofilm formation without affecting S. mutans growth. However, effective strategies utilizing nattokinase to control mutacin production by S. mutans are lacking. In this study, we evaluated the effect of nattokinase on mutacin activity in 46 strains of S. mutans with different mutacin genotypes isolated from the dental plaques of pediatric patients with caries. Nattokinase reduced the activity of mutacin against oral streptococci at a concentration of 1 mg/mL in all clinical isolates. Furthermore, nattokinase reduced the expression of non-lantibiotic mutacin structural genes (nlmABCD) and inactivated the extracellular competence-stimulating peptide involved in comDE activation, which regulates non-lantibiotic mutacin gene expression. These results suggest that nattokinase may reduce the virulence of S. mutans and could potentially be used as a new caries-preventive agent as an alternative to conventional drug treatments.
Iterative In Silico Screening for Optimizing Stable Conformation of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nanobodies
Authors: Shang Wenyuan , Hu Xiujun , Lin Xiaoman , Li Shangru , Xiong Shuchang , Huang Bingding , Wang Xin
Published: March 2024

Nanobodies (Nbs or VHHs) are single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) derived from camelid heavy-chain antibodies. Nbs have special and unique characteristics, such as small size, good tissue penetration, and cost-effective production, making Nbs a good candidate for the diagnosis and treatment of viruses and other pathologies. Identifying effective Nbs against COVID-19 would help us control this dangerous virus or other unknown variants in the future. Herein, we introduce an in silico screening strategy for optimizing stable conformation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nbs. Firstly, various complexes containing nanobodies were downloaded from the RCSB database, which were identified from immunized llamas. The primary docking between Nbs and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain was performed through the ClusPro program, with the manual screening leaving the reasonable conformation to the next step. Then, the binding distances of atoms between the antigen–antibody interfaces were measured through the NeighborSearch algorithm. Finally, filtered nanobodies were acquired according to HADDOCK scores through HADDOCK docking the COVID-19 spike protein with nanobodies under restrictions of calculated molecular distance between active residues and antigenic epitopes less than 4.5 Å. In this way, those nanobodies with more reasonable conformation and stronger neutralizing efficacy were acquired. To validate the efficacy ranking of the nanobodies we obtained, we calculated the binding affinities (∆G) and dissociation constants (Kd) of all screened nanobodies using the PRODIGY web tool and predicted the stability changes induced by all possible point mutations in nanobodies using the MAESTROWeb server. Furthermore, we examined the performance of the relationship between nanobodies’ ranking and their number of mutation-sensitive sites (Spearman correlation > 0.68); the results revealed a robust correlation, indicating that the superior nanobodies identified through our screening process exhibited fewer mutation hotspots and higher stability. This correlation analysis demonstrates the validity of our screening criteria, underscoring the suitability of these nanobodies for future development and practical implementation. In conclusion, this three-step screening strategy iteratively in silico greatly improved the accuracy of screening desired nanobodies compared to using only ClusPro docking or default HADDOCK docking settings. It provides new ideas for the screening of novel antibodies and computer-aided screening methods.
Tumor Suppressor MicroRNAs in Clinical and Preclinical Trials for Neurological Disorders
Authors: Lui Austin , Do Timothy , Alzayat Omar , Yu Nina , Phyu Su , Santuya Hillary Joy , Liang Benjamin , Kailash Vidur , Liu Dewey , Inslicht Sabra S. , Shahlaie Kiarash , Liu DaZhi
Published: March 2024

Cancers and neurological disorders are two major types of diseases in humans. We developed the concept called the “Aberrant Cell Cycle Disease (ACCD)” due to the accumulating evidence that shows that two different diseases share the common mechanism of aberrant cell cycle re-entry. The aberrant cell cycle re-entry is manifested as kinase/oncoprotein activation and tumor suppressor (TS) inactivation, which are associated with both tumor growth in cancers and neuronal death in neurological disorders. Therefore, some cancer therapies (e.g., kinase/oncogene inhibition and TS elevation) can be leveraged for neurological treatments. MicroRNA (miR/miRNA) provides a new style of drug-target binding. For example, a single tumor suppressor miRNA (TS-miR/miRNA) can bind to and decrease tens of target kinases/oncogenes, producing much more robust efficacy to block cell cycle re-entry than inhibiting a single kinase/oncogene. In this review, we summarize the miRNAs that are altered in both cancers and neurological disorders, with an emphasis on miRNA drugs that have entered into clinical trials for neurological treatment.
Significance of Cytomegalovirus gB Genotypes in Adult Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Insights from a Single-Centre Investigation
Authors: Vasiljevic Tamara , Jankovic Marko , Tomic Ana , Bakrac Ida , Radenovic Stefan , Miljanovic Danijela , Knezevic Aleksandra , Jovanovic Tanja , Djunic Irena , Todorovic-Balint Milena
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a major clinical issue after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The CMV envelope glycoproteins are key in viral pathogenesis; the glycoprotein B (gB) encoded by the UL55 gene might be an important determinant of viral virulence and disease severity marker in patients treated with allogeneic HSCT. Our aim was to investigate the molecular diversity of CMV gB and inquire into the associations between UL55 gene variations and clinical manifestations in adult patients treated with allogeneic HSCT. Results: The most prevalent genotypes were gB1 and gB4 (11/27, 40.7%). Patients with genotype gB1 infection had earlier platelet engraftment (p < 0.033) and less frequent minimal/measurable residual disease post HSCT than those without this genotype. Patients with gB4 glycoprotein infection had a significantly lower CD4+/CD8+ ratio at D90 (p < 0.026). Interestingly, patients with gB5 glycoprotein infection had shorter overall survival from base condition diagnosis (p < 0.042), as well as shorter overall survival after HSCT (p < 0.036). Acute GvHD was noted more frequently in those with mixed-genotype infection (p = 0.047). Material and Methods: The study included fifty-nine adult patients treated with allogeneic HSCT. Peripheral venous blood was sampled typically per week, with detection of CMV performed by quantitative real-time PCR. Multiplex nested PCR was used to determine specific gB genotypes, which were then statistically compared vis-à-vis specific clinical variables. Conclusions: Our study points to variations in the viral UL55 locus imparting both beneficial (earlier platelet engraftment, less frequent MRD post HSCT) and adverse effects (shorter overall survival, more frequent acute GvHD, less frequent 100% chimerism at day 90) to the transplanted host. Comprehensive molecular investigations are necessary to validate this apparent duality, as the potential benefits of CMV could perhaps be utilized for the benefit of the patient in the future.
Static Magnetic Field Reduces the Anticancer Effect of Hinokitiol on Melanoma Malignant Cells—Gene Expression and Redox Homeostasis Studies
Authors: Synowiec-Wojtarowicz Agnieszka , Krawczyk Agata , Kimsa-Dudek Magdalena
Published: March 2024

Background: Melanoma malignant is characterized by a high mortality rate, accounting for as much as 65% of deaths caused by skin cancer. A potential strategy in cancer treatment may be the use of natural compounds, which include hinokitiol (β-Thujaplicin), a phenolic component of essential oils extracted from cypress trees. Many studies confirm that a high-induction SMF (static magnetic field) has anticancer effects and can be used as a non-invasive anticancer therapy in combination with or without drugs. Aim: The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of a static magnetic field on melanoma cell cultures (C32 and COLO 829) treated with hinokitiol. Methods and Results: Melanoma cells were exposed to a static magnetic field of moderate induction and hinokitiol. The research included determining the activity of the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, and CAT) and MDA concentration as well as the gene expression profile. Conclusion: Hinokitiol disturbs the redox homeostasis of C32 and COLO 829 melanoma malignant cells. Moreover, a static magnetic field has a protective effect on melanoma malignant cells and abolishes the anticancer effect of hinokitiol.
Nanonization and Deformable Behavior of Fattigated Peptide Drug in Mucoadhesive Buccal Films
Authors: Kim Woojun , Ngo Hai V. , Nguyen Hy D. , Park Ji-Min , Lee Kye Wan , Park Chulhun , Park Jun-Bom , Lee Beom-Jin
Published: March 2024

This study was tasked with the design of mucoadhesive buccal films (MBFs) containing a peptide drug, leuprolide (LEU), or its diverse nanoparticles (NPs), for enhanced membrane permeability via self-assembled nanonization and deformable behavior. An LEU-oleic acid conjugate (LOC) and its self-assembled NPs (LON) were developed. Additionally, a deformable variant of LON (d-LON) was originally developed by incorporating l-α-phosphatidylcholine into LON as an edge activator. The physicochemical properties of LON and d-LON, encompassing particle size, zeta potential, and deformability index (DI), were evaluated. MBFs containing LEU, LOC, and NPs (LON, d-LON) were prepared using the solvent casting method by varying the ratio of Eudragit RLPO and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, with propylene glycol used as a plasticizer. The optimization of MBF formulations was based on their physicochemical properties, including in vitro residence time, dissolution, and permeability. The dissolution results demonstrated that the conjugation of oleic acid to LEU exhibited a more sustained LEU release pattern by cleaving the ester bond of the conjugate, as compared to the native LEU, with reduced variability. Moreover, the LOC and its self-assembled NPs (LON, d-LON), equivalent to 1 mg LEU doses in MBF, exhibited an amorphous state and demonstrated better permeability through the nanonization process than LEU alone, regardless of membrane types. The incorporation of lauroyl-L-carnitine into the films as a permeation enhancer synergistically augmented drug permeability. Most importantly, the d-LON-loaded buccal films showed the highest permeability, due to the deformability of NPs. Overall, MBF-containing peptide NPs and permeation enhancers have the potential to replace parenteral LEU administration by improving LEU druggability and patient compliance.
First-Year Real-Life Experience with Intravitreal Faricimab for Refractory Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Aljundi Wissam , Daas Loay , Suffo Shady , Seitz Berthold , Abdin Alaa Din
Published: March 2024

Background: To evaluate the outcomes of intravitreal faricimab (IVF) for refractory neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and investigate the impact of baseline optical coherence tomography, biomarkers for total IVF injections are needed. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 33 eyes of patients who completed one year (52 W) of treatment with IVF. The eyes received four IVF injections (6 mg/0.05 mL) as the upload phase. Thereafter, the treatment interval was extended to 8 or 12 weeks if disease activity was not recorded. The outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and retinal fluid distribution. Results: A total of 33 eyes were included. CMT decreased significantly at 52 W (p < 0.01). BCVA and SFCT did not change significantly at 52 W (p > 0.05). The number of eyes with subretinal fluid decreased significantly at 52 W (p < 0.01). Complete fluid resolution was achieved in 20 eyes (60%). The total number of injections was significantly negatively correlated with the presence of hyperreflective dots at baseline (HRDs, p < 0.01) and SFCT at baseline (p < 0.01). Conclusions: IVF led to a significant reduction in CMT with stabilization of BCVA. The total number of injections was lower in eyes with HRDs and increased SFCT at baseline. This might provide clues regarding response to IVF for future studies.
A Systematic Approach to Autonomous Agents
Authors: Dodig-Crnkovic Gordana , Burgin Mark
Published: March 2024

Agents and agent-based systems are becoming essential in the development of various fields, such as artificial intelligence, ubiquitous computing, ambient intelligence, autonomous computing, and intelligent robotics. The concept of autonomous agents, inspired by the observed agency in living systems, is also central to current theories on the origin, development, and evolution of life. Therefore, it is crucial to develop an accurate understanding of agents and the concept of agency. This paper begins by discussing the role of agency in natural systems as an inspiration and motivation for agential technologies and then introduces the idea of artificial agents. A systematic approach is presented for the classification of artificial agents. This classification aids in understanding the existing state of the artificial agents and projects their potential future roles in addressing specific types of problems with dedicated agent types.
Plastic Optical Fiber Spectral Filter Based on In-Line Holes
Authors: Mora-Nuñez Azael , Santiago-Hernández Héctor , Bravo-Medina Beethoven , Beltran-Gonzalez Anuar , Flores-Payán Jesús , de la Cruz-González José Luis , Pottiez Olivier
Published: March 2024

We propose a spectral filter based on a plastic optical fiber with micro-holes as a low-cost, robust, and highly reproducible spectral filter. The spectral filter is explored for two configurations: a fiber extended in a straight line and a fiber optic loop mirror scheme configuration. The transmission traces indicate a spectral blue shift in peak transmission, at 587 nm, 567 nm, 556 nm, and 536 nm for zero, one, two, and three holes in the fiber, respectively. The filter exhibits a bandpass period of approximately 120 nm. Additionally, we conduct a comparison of the transmission with holes separated by distances of 1 cm and 500 μm. The results demonstrate that the distance between holes does not alter the spectral transmission of the filter. In the case of the fiber loop mirror configuration, we observe that the bandpass can be adjusted, suggesting the presence of multimode interference. Exploring variations in the refractive index within the holes by filling them with glucose solutions at various concentrations, we determine that the filtering band and spectral shape remain unaltered, ensuring the stable and robust operation of our spectral filter.
Habitat Degradation Facilitates the Invasion of Neophytes: A Resurvey Study Based on Permanent Vegetation Plots in Oak Forests in Slovenia (Europe)
Authors: Kermavnar Janez , Kutnar Lado
Published: March 2024

The spread of neophytes (non-native plant species) challenges the conservation status and ecological integrity of forests, especially in lowland areas. Long-term resurvey studies are needed to evaluate the temporal dynamics of neophytes in forests; however, such data are scarce. In 2023, we resampled a set of 45 permanent vegetation plots (established in 1992/93) in two forest vegetation types: oak–hornbeam forests dominated by Quercus robur and colline oak–beech forests dominated by Q. petraea. Over the last 30 years, oak forests have experienced extensive oak tree mortality, with the degree of habitat degradation being greater in Q. robur forests. In the early 1990s, only three neophytes with low abundance were recorded across all plots. In the 2023 resurvey, the total number of neophytes increased to 22 species (15 herbaceous and 7 woody species), comprising 6.9% of the total species pool in the understory layer. The increase in the plot-level number and cover of neophytes was significant in plots dominated by Q. robur but not in those with Q. petraea. The most frequent neophytes were Impatiens parviflora (present in 31% of plots), Solidago gigantea (27%), Erigeron annuus (16%) and Erechtites hieraciifolia (16%). The richness and cover of neophytes were significantly affected by the tree layer cover (negative correlation) and the degree of soil disturbance (positive correlation). All neophytes established in disturbed patches, whereas the occurrence of I. parviflora was exceptional as it was able to colonize less degraded, shaded understory environments. Habitat degradation (the mortality-induced loss of stand-forming oak trees resulting in extensive tree layer cover decrease) emerged as a key driver promoting neophyte proliferation, coupled with the impact of management-induced disturbances affecting overstory and soil conditions. The spread is expected to continue or even intensify in the future because novel light regimes and disturbances make forest habitats less resistant to neophyte proliferation.
Induction of Monoterpenoid Oxindole Alkaloids Production and Related Biosynthetic Gene Expression in Response to Signaling Molecules in Hamelia patens Plant Cultures
Authors: López-Vázquez Ana Luisa , Sepúlveda-García Edgar Baldemar , Rubio-Rodríguez Elizabeth , Ponce-Noyola Teresa , Trejo-Tapia Gabriela , Barrera-Cortés Josefina , Cerda-García-Rojas Carlos M. , Ramos-Valdivia Ana C.
Published: March 2024

Hamelia patens (Rubiaceae), known as firebush, is a source of bioactive monoterpenoid oxindole alkaloids (MOAs) derived from monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs). With the aim of understanding the regulation of the biosynthesis of these specialized metabolites, micropropagated plants were elicited with jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA). The MOA production and MIA biosynthetic-related gene expression were evaluated over time. The production of MOAs was increased compared to the control up to 2-fold (41.3 mg g DW−1) at 72 h in JA-elicited plants and 2.5-fold (42.4 mg g DW−1) at 120 h in plants elicited with SA. The increment concurs with the increase in the expression levels of the genes HpaLAMT, HpaTDC, HpaSTR, HpaNPF2.9, HpaTHAS1, and HpaTHAS2. Interestingly, it was found that HpaSGD was downregulated in both treatments after 24 h but in the SA treatment at 120 h only was upregulated to 8-fold compared to the control. In this work, we present the results of MOA production in H. patens and discuss how JA and SA might be regulating the central biosynthetic steps that involve HpaSGD and HpaTHAS genes.
Artemisia spp. Essential Oils: From Their Ethnobotanical Use to Unraveling the Microbiota Modulation Potential
Authors: Polito Flavio , Di Mercurio Mattia , Rizzo Silvia , Di Vito Maura , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Urbani Andrea , Bugli Francesca , De Feo Vincenzo
Published: March 2024

Background. The 2015 Nobel Prize in Medicine, awarded for the discovery of artemisinin in Artemisia annua, reignited interest in aromatic plants, including Artemisia absinthium L. This article delves into the historical, ethnopharmacological and medicinal significance of A. absinthium, examining its bitter taste noted since ancient Greek times and its association with medicinal properties throughout history. Despite being banned in the 20th century due to perceived health risks; recent research has led to the reconsideration of A. absinthium’s potential applications. This study focuses on the prebiotic efficacy of essential oils (EOs) from two Artemisia species: A. absinthium and A. annua. Materials and methods. A broth microdilution test, growth curve test and in vivo models were used to study the impact of low doses (from 0.5% v/v to 0.00048 v/v) of Artemisia spp-EO on the three probiotic strains (Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces boulardii). Results. These essential oils, when used in minimal concentrations (lower than 0.06% v/v), are safe and exhibit prebiotic effects on major probiotic strains, supporting the traditional culinary use of Artemisia spp. Conclusion. This research opens avenues for potential applications in the food industry, emphasizing the need for further exploration into the prebiotic properties of Artemisia spp-EOs and their influence on the microbiota.
Evolution of Leaf Chlorophylls, Carotenoids and Phenolic Compounds during Vegetation of Some Croatian Indigenous Red and White Grape Cultivars
Authors: Anić Marina , Kontić Jasminka Karoglan , Rendulić Nera , Čarija Mate , Osrečak Mirela , Karoglan Marko , Andabaka Željko
Published: March 2024

During the ripening process of grapes, the grapevine leaves are the most active green organs that are important for photosynthesis, which is closely linked to the development and metabolism of the plant. The detection of plant pigments and phenolic compounds in grapevine leaves can be a good indicator of the ageing process, vine vigor and the plant’s ability to respond to fungal attack. In a one-year study, the development of leaf chlorophylls, carotenoids and phenolic compounds during the ripening of six indigenous Croatian grape cultivars and the international cultivars Merlot and Chardonnay was investigated. The chlorophyll a/b ratio and total chlorophyll and total carotenoid concentrations were also investigated. PCA was used to highlight relevant information from the data with the aim of distinguishing individual compounds based on the cultivar and phenological stage. The leaf total hydroxycinnamic acid and flavan-3-ol concentrations decreased slowly during grape development, with the highest concentration immediately after flowering and the lowest during grape ripening. The concentrations of β-carotene, lutein and xanthophylls tended to decrease during bunch closure or veraison, while the concentration of chlorophylls a and b peaked during veraison and then decreased during grape ripening. This research will provide an opportunity to select cultivars with the physiological adaptation to synthesize secondary metabolites that are important for managing stress conditions.
Modification of Polyethylene Glycol-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate Polymeric Micelles Loaded with Curcumin for Cellular Internalization and Cytotoxicity to Wilms Tumor 1-Expressing Myeloblastic Leukemia K562 Cells
Authors: Okonogi Siriporn , Chittasupho Chuda , Sassa-deepaeng Tanongsak , Khumpirapang Nattakanwadee , Anuchpreeda Songyot
Published: March 2024

Curcumin loaded in micelles of block copolymers of ω-methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide modified with aliphatic dilactate (CD) or aromatic benzoyl group (CN) were previously reported to inhibit human ovarian carcinoma (OVCAR-3), human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), and human lymphoblastic leukemia (Molt-4) cells. Myeloblastic leukemia cells (K562) are prone to drug resistance and differ in both cancer genotype and phenotype from the three mentioned cancer cells. In the present study, CD and CN micelles were prepared and their effects on K562 and normal cells were explored. The obtained CD and CN showed a narrow size distribution with diameters of 63 ± 3 and 50 ± 1 nm, respectively. The curcumin entrapment efficiency of CD and CN was similarly high, above 80% (84 ± 8% and 91 ± 3%). Both CD and CN showed suppression on WT1-expressing K562 and high cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. However, CD showed significantly higher cytotoxicity to K562, with faster cellular uptake and internalization than CN. In addition, CD showed better compatibility with normal red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells than CN. The promising CD will be further investigated in rodents and possibly in clinical studies for leukemia treatment.
Montmorillonite/Poly(Pyrrole) for Low-Cost Supercapacitor Electrode Hybrid Materials
Authors: Hamidouche Fahim , Ghebache Zohra , Lepretre Jean-Claude , Djelali Nacer-Eddine
Published: March 2024

Conductive polymers such as polypyrrole have been widely used as pseudo-capacitive electrodes for supercapacitors. This work demonstrates a simple method to improve the performance of conductive polymer electrodes by adding montmorillonite in order to perform capacitive behavior. Conductive composite polymers (CCPs) based on montmorillonite/polypyrrole (MMT/PPy(Cl)) have been synthesized by polymerization using FeCl3 as an oxidizing agent. During the preparation of CCP, the effect of MMT/pyrrole mass ratio and the influence of the amount of added H+ and temperature of the synthesis medium on the electrochemical performance of the composite have been investigated. The investigation associated with conductivity measurement allowed us to determine the best conditions to reach a high specific capacitance of 465 F gr−1 measured by cyclic voltammetry with respect to the CCP synthesized at ambient temperature (220 F gr−1) and a 35% increase in capacity compared to its homologue synthesized in neutral conditions at a low temperature. These performances have been advantageously correlated both to the edge acidity of the host material and to the evolution of its conductivity according to the preparation conditions. The galvanostatic charge/discharge tests also confirm the stability of the obtained composite, and a capacitance of 325 F g−1 for the best CCP is recorded with a regime of 1 A g−1. In addition, the durability of the device shows that the proposed material has a relatively good stability during cycling.
Mathematical Model of Graphene Yield in Ultrasonic Preparation
Authors: Yi Jinquan , Gu Baoshan , Kan Chengling , Lv Xudong , Wang Zhifeng , Yang Peiyan , Zhao Haoqi
Published: March 2024

Based on the Box–Behnken design (BBD) methodology, an experimental study of the preparation of graphene using ultrasonication was conducted. The yield of graphene served as the response variable, with ultrasonication process time, ultrasonic power, the graphite initial weight, and their interactive effects acting as the independent variables influencing the yield. A multivariate nonlinear regression model was established to describe the ultrasonic production of graphene. Verification of the experiments suggests that the developed multivariate nonlinear regression model is highly significant and provides a good fit, enabling an effective prediction of the graphene yield. The yield of graphene was found to increase with higher ultrasonic power but decrease with longer ultrasonication times and the initial weight of the graphite. The optimal process parameters according to the regression model were determined to be 30 min of ultrasonication time, an ultrasonic power of 1500 W, and a graphite initial weight of 0.5 g. Under these conditions, the yield of graphene reached 31.6%, with a prediction error of 2.8% relative to the actual value. Furthermore, the results were corroborated with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was observed that under constant ultrasonic power and graphite initial weight, a reduction in the ultrasonication processing time led to an increase in the thickness of the graphene. Continuing to increase the ultrasonication time beyond 30 min did not decrease the thickness of the graphene but rather reduced its lateral size. Decreasing the ultrasonic power resulted in thicker graphene, and even with an extended ultrasonication time, the quality of the graphene was inferior compared to that produced under the optimal processing parameters.
Research on the Control and Performance of Integrated Self-Assembled Micro-Scale Structure of NC-Coated CL-20
Authors: Wang Haoran , Hao Yibo , Su Lei , Wang Jingyu , Li Xiaodong , Shi Xiaofeng
Published: March 2024

A novel self-assembly approach was employed to produce micro-spherical composite energetic material (EM) comprising 2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane/nitrocellulose (CL-20/NC) via the spray-drying method, with precise control over parameters such as droplet diameter, ambient temperature, and nozzle injection rate. In this method, NC was utilized as a coating for CL-20 to imbue it with distinct spatial characteristics, thereby mitigating its high sensitivity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were conducted to investigate the morphology of the CL-20/NC micro-spheres. Additionally, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to study the thermal decomposition kinetics of both CL-20 and CL-20/NC. XRD findings revealed that the crystal structure of CL-20/NC micro-spheres prepared using acetone as the solvent remained unchanged, albeit with noticeable attenuation in diffraction peaks. DSC analysis indicated an increase of 4.87 K and 7.64 K in the thermal explosion critical temperature (Tb) and peak temperature (Te) of CL-20, respectively. Furthermore, the apparent activation energy was enhanced by 18.65 kJ·mol−1, signifying improved thermal stability. SEM analysis confirmed that the micro-spheres’ size ranged from 0.5 μm to 5 μm, displaying a regular spherical shape. Notably, the impact sensitivity (H50) of CL-20/NC tripled compared to raw CL-20.
Lithium-Ion Batteries under the X-ray Lens: Resolving Challenges and Propelling Advancements
Authors: Samimi Mahdieh , Saadabadi Mehran , Hosseinlaghab Hassan
Published: March 2024

The quest for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is at the forefront of energy storage research, necessitating a profound understanding of intricate processes like phase transformations and thermal runaway events. This review paper explores the pivotal role of X-ray spectroscopies in unraveling the mysteries embedded within LIBs, focusing on the utilization of advanced techniques for comprehensive insights. This explores recent advancements in in situ characterization tools, prominently featuring X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray tomography (XRT), and transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM). Each technique contributes to a comprehensive understanding of structure, morphology, chemistry, and kinetics in LIBs, offering a selective analysis that optimizes battery electrodes and enhances overall performance. The investigation commences by highlighting the indispensability of tracking phase transformations. Existing challenges in traditional methods, like X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), become evident when faced with nanoscale inhomogeneities during the delithiation process. Recognizing this limitation, the review emphasizes the significance of advanced techniques featuring nanoscale resolution. These tools offer unprecedented insights into material structures and surface chemistry during LIB operation, empowering researchers to address the challenges posed by thermal runaway. Such insights prove critical in unraveling interfacial transport mechanisms and phase transformations, providing a roadmap for the development of safe and high-performance energy storage systems. The integration of X-ray spectroscopies not only enhances our understanding of fundamental processes within LIBs but also propels the development of safer, more efficient, and reliable energy storage solutions. In spite of those benefits, X-ray spectroscopies have some limitations in regard to studying LIBs, as referred to in this review.
Phénoménologie de la Vérité: The Phenomenological Roots of Hans Urs von Balthasar’s Theology
Authors: Mezei Balázs M.
Published: March 2024

Hans Urs von Balthasar, one of the leading theologians of the twentieth century, uses the methods and results of classical phenomenology in many ways. Balthasar’s repeated criticism of Husserl, Scheler, and Heidegger conceals the fact of his dependence on these authors in various ways. The present text examines the implicit and explicit phenomenological elements in Balthasar’s thought. As a starting point, the title of the first French translation of one of his early books, Phénoménologie de la vérité, is used to outline the context of Balthasar’s endeavor. In what follows, I will show the phenomenological features of some of his major writings, analyze what he himself calls supernatural phenomenology, and argue for a more consistent phenomenological methodology that Balthasar could have worked out had he carefully considered the internal development of the phenomenological movement. “Apocalyptic phenomenology” emerges as the general title of an approach that links Balthasar’s methodology to that of the major phenomenological works, properly examined and extended.
Citizenship of the Conservative Movements in Mexico and Defense of the Formation of the Family: The Case of Frente Nacional por la Familia
Authors: Patiño María Eugenia
Published: March 2024

The presence of the conservatives in Mexico, and their main characters, is long-standing. In Mexican history, some of the conservative movements have been present in religious thinking, especially in Catholicism, e.g., the quick departure from socio-cultural and political Mexican spaces as a consequence of the evangelical Spanish process, whose roots come from the XVI century Of the population in contemporary Mexico (7.7% belong to Catholicism, 2.5% to Evangelical Christians and Protestants, and 2.5% to non-Christian groups, while 8.1% do not follow a religion. Catholicism has a significant presence and influence on different forms of belief and practice in daily life in Mexico. This paper aims to highlight the role of the conservative movement called Frente Nacional por la Familia. It presents its history as the heritage of other conservative movements in Mexico, the stages of its formation, and the agenda and intervention in public life. The methodological approach is qualitative, using multi-situated ethnography. The results allow us to visualize the construction of the public agenda with legislative strategies that have operated with relative success and national presence, obstructing the progress of the proposals of feminist groups and sexual diversity and the defense of a national and cultural project that has as one of the symbols the traditional family.
Mary of Bethany: Creation through Conversation
Authors: Fish Susan
Published: March 2024

The author uses the story of Mary of Bethany anointing Jesus’s feet in John 12 as a jumping-off point for considering the prophetic role of artistic conversation, in the Gospel of John, in the whole Bible and in her own artistic life.