bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENHANCED DDoS ATTACK DETECTION THROUGH HYBRID MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Farahmandnia Feraidoon , Özekes Serhat
Published: February 2025

This research focuses on enhancing the detection mechanisms for Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks using advanced machine learning techniques. We explore two innovative approaches: a metaclassifier stacking model and a transfer learning model, utilizing the CICDDoS2019 and CICIDS2017 datasets for training and evaluation. The first approach integrates K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) algorithms through a logistic regression metaclassifier. This ensemble method harnesses the strengths of each algorithm, leading to improved metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The second approach employs transfer learning, where a pre-trained Artificial Neural Network (ANN) on the CICIDS2017 dataset is fine-tuned with the CICDDoS2019 dataset. This technique demonstrates the benefits of knowledge transfer, achieving high detection performance with reduced training time. Our findings reveal that both methods significantly enhance DDoS detection. The metaclassifier approach delivers superior performance metrics but requires more computational resources. In contrast, the transfer learning approach provides an efficient balance between performance and computational demand, ideal for rapid deployment scenarios. In summary, this study highlights the efficacy of combining multiple algorithms and leveraging pre-trained models to improve DDoS detection accuracy and efficiency. These approaches offer promising directions for developing robust and effective DDoS detection systems.
Daya Tarik Perubahan Taman R.A Kartini Cimahi Sebagai Alternatif Berwisata
Authors: Geliya Cerita Kusuma  , Heni Novia Fitri
Published: February 2025

This research aims to introduce the tourist attractions and attractiveness of Kartini Park in Cimahi, West Java. This park can be used as an alternative place to travel for the surrounding community at an affordable price with various facilities, a clean and cool place, so it can be a special attraction value. The problems found in the area are: 1) The history of Kartini Park; 2) The initial negative perspective of the community towards Kartini Park; 3) The reason why Kartini Park is an attraction for local tourists in Cimahi city. The method used is observation in digital research. The results of this research will show that the management of Kartini Park is quite good and maintained. In addition, this research can be an alternative for families and relatives as well as the closest people to travel to spend holidays together.
Classroom Management Training Handbook
Authors: Seeman Howard
Published: February 2025

The Classroom Management Training Handbook is cued to the textbook Preventing Classroom Disruptive Behavior, Grades K-12, Fourth Edition. It uniquely provides private, confidential self-training for a troubled teacher, or it can be used by professors of education, teacher-trainers, or school administrators to train or repair the problems teachers have in their classrooms. This book includes:

Teachers Share Their Similar Problems/Solutions for Each Chapter of the Text

Self-Training Exercises for Each Chapter of the Text

Availability of the DVD that demonstrates in live-action the concepts in the Text

Checklists for Each Chapter in the Text

Access to the Author to Consult with Him Confidentially Online
Outlaw Fathers in Victorian and Modern British Literature
Authors: Gurfinkel Helena
Published: February 2025

Outlaw Fathers in Victorian and Modern British Literature: Queering Patriarchy traces the representations of outlaw fathers, or queer patriarchs, and their relationships with their queer sons, in a particular literary tradition: mid-to-late-Victorian and twentieth-century British fiction and memoir. Specifically, I look at such representations in Anthony Trollope’s Doctor Thorne (1858) and The Prime Minister (1875-76) (while also drawing on An Autobiography (1883) and The Duke’s Children (1880)); Samuel Butler’s The Way of All Flesh (published in 1901), Henry James’s “The Lesson of the Master” (1888), J. R. Ackerley’s My Father and Myself (written in the 1930s and published in 1968), E. M. Forster’s “Little Imber” (1961) (with an occasional detour into The Longest Journey (1907), Howards End (1909), and Maurice (published in 1971)), and Alan Hollinghurst’s The Spell (1998). In the coda, I consider the implications of including transgender, transnational female-to-male fathers of color in the ranks of queer patriarchy and discuss two contemporary novels, Jackie Kay’s Trumpet (1998, Scotland) and Patricia Powell’s The Pagoda (1998, Jamaica and the United States), as well as—briefly—an episode an episode of the television show The L-Word (2008) and the documentary U-People (2007).

The term “queer patriarchy” has two components. The first one is a non-traditional, primarily—but not exclusively—non-heterosexual, pervasively present, and culturally important, paternal subjectivity. The second one is the bond between such queer paternal figures and their sons, biological and non-biological. This study pays attention primarily to the relationship between psyche, language, and ideology, but it will join a larger conversation about the changing roles of men in general and fathers in particular, which is taking place outside of the field of literary studies.
The Secret of the Kingdom of God
Authors: Humphrey Hugh
Published: February 2025

The Secret of the Kingdom of God argues that the Evangelist Mark should be recognized as much a creative author as any of the other gospel writers. This new approach examines Mark’s text against the available evidence of the literary heritage of first century authors, their education, and the writing practices in the Greco-Roman world. It is also focused on the text of Mark’s gospel as an intelligible whole, created by Mark using literary models well known to him and to his audience. This “new paradigm” accordingly shows another moment in the developing theology of the early Church, i.e. how a story of the life of Jesus can be used to present the significance of the death of Jesus for his later disciples. Mark is clear about his purpose: His first verse indicates that he will narrate the “beginning” of the “gospel” / “good news” (1:1) of Jesus’ resurrection and he announces the imminent “Kingdom of God” in Jesus’ first words (1:15); the “secret” / “mystery” of the Kingdom of God is then said to be disclosed to those who were his disciples (4:11) and to those who would later be his disciples (8:34 – 9:1). That purpose is clear from the very structure of Mark’s composition, where he discloses the secret of the Kingdom of God in his central section (8:27 – 10:45) and frequently shifts from the narration of Jesus’ story to episodes depicting discipleship. Mark’s gospel, then, is written for Christians to emphasize that they are essentially modelling their lives after Jesus’ life and death and that Jesus’ surrendering of himself to God’s will for him led to Jesus’ resurrection and is the “good news” for us, bringing the hope of our own continuance after death. The Kingdom of God is the reality of all those who live this way in every generation and era. To those “outside” it remains a “secret” or a “mystery” they cannot fathom. To those “inside” it is a place where the love one extends to others brings an intimacy with the Risen Jesus and with the One who sent him (9:37).
Physicians’ Responses to Time Pressure: Experimental Evidence on Treatment Quality and Documentation Behaviour
Authors: Claudia Soucek , Tommaso Reggiani , Nadja Kairies-Schwarz
Published: February 2025

Background. In hospitals, decisions are often made under time pressure. There is, however, little evidence on how time pressure affects the quality of treatment and the documentation behavior of physicians. Setting. We implemented a controlled laboratory experiment with a healthcare framing in which international medical students in the Czech Republic treated patients in the role of hospital physicians. We varied the presence of time pressure and a documentation task. Results. We observed worse treatment quality when individuals were faced with a combination of a documentation task and time pressure. In line with the concept of the speed-accuracy trade-off, we showed that quality changes are likely driven by less accuracy. Finally, we showed that while documentation quality was relatively high overall, time pressure significantly lowered the latter leading to a higher hypothetical profit loss for the hospital. Conclusions. Our results suggest that policy reforms aimed at increasing staffing and promoting novel technologies that facilitate physicians' treatment decisions and support their documentation work in the hospital sector might be promising means of improving the treatment quality and reducing inefficiencies potentially caused by documentation errors.
Advancing Arabic Handwritten Digit Recognition with AI-Enhanced Neural Network Architectures
Authors: Qasim Sarah Salman , Oleiwi Safa Hussein
Published: February 2025

Neural network model developed in this paper aims at classification of the hand written digits using the data set from Arabic Handwritten Digits Dataset (AHDD). It also includes data preprocessing, model design, training, validating, hyperparameter optimisation, and comparison methodologies of the project. Some preprocessing included scaling of pixel intensity and data augmentation to improve variation, as well as data separation between training and validation. proposed architecture of the model were updated through adding of dropout layers as a form of regularization, tuning of the quantity of hidden layers and neurons in them, and providing dynamic form of learning rates in attempt to diminish overfitting and to improve the model’s predictive ability. The improvements obtained in classification accuracy and in sparsity of the weights of the neural net allows to underline its accuracy in recognizing the patterns of a large data set when compared to the traditional approach. However, in this study, to better assess the performances of the developed model on the AHDD, it is compared to a model built by Tariq Rashid using a raw MNIST database and various tests are conducted to point out the peculiarities of Arabic handwritten digit recognition. The study also finds avenues to improve the model beyond what is presented in this paper: 1) incorporating Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to learn spatial hierarchies; 2) using Transfer Learning and fine tuning from pretrained models; 3) having a larger dataset which cover other patterns that may not have been included in this study. The results of this research call attention to hyperparameter optimization and architectural improvements for AI approaches to accurate digit recognition of handwritten numbers. Apart from enriching the Arabic handwriting recognition research area, this study also opens avenues for further work that seek to take these methodologies to other complex script recognitional problems in the future.
Enhancing IoT Security with AI-Driven Hybrid Machine Learning and Neural Network-Based Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Nay Thaker
Published: February 2025

The increasing occurrence of cyberattacks specifically aimed at critical infrastructure has led to the adoption of network intrusion detection techniques for the Internet of Things (IoT). Securing IoT networks is difficult because of the growing number of connected devices and the advanced methods used by attackers. This study investigates the application of machine learning and neural networks in the prevention of prevalent online fraud and assesses their efficacy. The text discusses important ideas related to email filtering, machine learning, artificial neural networks, and network intrusion techniques. The study discusses the difficulties related to e-fraud detection and suggests methods to improve detection systems. Furthermore, it offers a thorough examination of IoT intrusion detection, emphasizing the risks, weaknesses, assaults, and methods of detection. Securing the billions of autonomous nodes in the Internet of Things (IoT), each with distinct characteristics, poses a significant challenge. Conventional techniques like as encryption, access control, and authentication are inadequate when used individually. Thus, this work utilizes deep learning techniques to detect widespread IoT vulnerabilities, such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) assaults. The models are evaluated using different datasets, including NSL-KDD, DS2OS, and IoT Botnet. The evaluation is based on measures such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The deep machine learning intrusion detection system has a high accuracy rate of 96.38%, which shows its efficiency in recognizing risks related to the Internet of Things (IoT) Where the data was trained by 80% and the data was tested by 20.
Chinese Generative AI Models Challenge Western AI in Clinical Chemistry MCQs: A Benchmarking Follow-up Study on AI Use in Health Education
Authors: Sallam Malik , Al-Mahzoum Kholoud , Eid Huda , Al-Salahat Khaled , Sallam Mohammed , Ali Guma , Mijwil Maad M.
Published: February 2025

Background: The emergence of Chinese generative AI (genAI) models, such as DeepSeek and Qwen, has introduced strong competition to Western genAI models. These advancements hold significant potential in healthcare education. However, benchmarking the performance of genAI models in specialized medical disciplines is crucial to assess their strengths and limitations. This study builds on prior research evaluating ChatGPT (GPT-3.5 and GPT-4), Bing, and Bard against human postgraduate students in Medical Laboratory Sciences, now incorporating DeepSeek and Qwen to assess their effectiveness in Clinical Chemistry Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs).
Methods: This study followed the METRICS framework for genAI-based healthcare evaluations, assessing six models using 60 Clinical Chemistry MCQs previously administered to 20 MSc students. The facility index and Bloom’s taxonomy classification were used to benchmark performance. GenAI models included DeepSeek-V3, Qwen 2.5-Max, ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-3.5, Microsoft Bing, and Google Bard, evaluated in a controlled, non-interactive environment using standardized prompts.
Results: The evaluated genAI models showed varying accuracy across Bloom’s taxonomy levels. DeepSeek-V3 (0.92) and ChatGPT-4 (1.00) outperformed humans (0.74) in the Remember category, while Qwen 2.5-Max (0.94) and ChatGPT-4 (0.94) surpassed human performance (0.61) in the Understand category. ChatGPT-4 (+23.25%, p < 0.001), DeepSeek-V3 (+18.25%, p = 0.001), and Qwen 2.5-Max (+18.25%, p = 0.001) significantly outperformed human students. Decision tree analysis identified cognitive category as the strongest predictor of genAI accuracy (p < 0.001), with Chinese AI models performing comparably to ChatGPT-4 in lower-order tasks but exhibiting lower accuracy in higher-order domains.
Conclusions: The findings highlighted the growing capabilities of Chinese genAI models in healthcare education, proving that DeepSeek and Qwen can compete with, and in some areas outperform, Western genAI models. However, their relative weakness in higher-order reasoning raises concerns about their ability to fully replace human cognitive processes in clinical decision-making. As genAI becomes increasingly integrated into health education, concerns regarding academic integrity, genAI dependence, and the validity of MCQ-based assessments must be addressed. The study underscores the need for a re-evaluation of medical assessment strategies, ensuring that students develop critical thinking skills rather than relying on genAI for knowledge retrieval.
Integrated A Robust Intelligent System For Secure Network
Authors: Mohamed Tamara Saad , Khalifah Saad Mohammed
Published: February 2025

An increasing number of assaults on network security that are related to the Internet are caused in malicious software. Firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and proxy servers that check for viruses are examples of safety technology that have been used by organizations that value safety. Not all high-priced safety features are easy to use. Having only one safety mechanism in place is insufficient to protect users' private information on privacy networks due to the fact that multiple safety schemes exhibit distinct traits, particularly hostile and DoS attacks. Integrating intrusion detection subsystems with different approaches to network security protection is detailed in this article. The subsystem employs AI techniques to detect unusual actions taken by known attackers and threats using the patterns recorded in the system's memory. Conversely, in order to prevent spyware documents from accessing the network, the proposed Intelligent Network Security System which contents intelligent web filter ,intelligent networks intrusion detection systems ,intelligent firewalls ;could detect the malicious URL and websites.
Loss of H3K27me3 Is Not Specific to Malignant Triton Tumor: Immunohistochemical Analysis of 23 Cases of Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Warmke Laura M. , Davis Jessica L. , Al-Ibraheemi Alyaa , Arnold Michael , Tan Serena , Shenoy Archana , Surrey Lea F. , Parham David M. , Rudzinski Erin R.
Published: February 2025

Context.—

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare, often high-grade sarcoma. A small subset of MPNST shows evidence of heterologous rhabdomyoblastic differentiation, also known as malignant triton tumor (MTT). Immunohistochemical loss of histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) has previously been described as a reliable marker for both MPNST and MTT.

Objective.—

To assess the loss of H3K27me3 as a potential tool for discriminating MTT from embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS).

Design.—

We studied the immunohistochemical expression of H3K27me3 in 23 pediatric cases of confirmed ERMS. Of the 23 patients, 21 were male and 2 were female, with an age range of 2 months to 18 years (median, 5 years). Most of the tumors arose in the paratesticular soft tissue (n = 14), with other locations including the pelvis (n = 3), thigh (n = 2), abdomen (n = 1), orbit (n = 1), prostate gland (n = 1), and parotid gland (n = 1). All cases had characteristic morphologic features of ERMS.

Results.—

By immunohistochemistry, all tested cases expressed desmin (18 of 18), myogenin (20 of 20), and MyoD1 (5 of 5). More than half of the cases (12 of 23; 52%) showed loss (nuclear absence) of H3K27me3, defined as staining in less than 5% of the tumor cells. The remaining cases demonstrated some degree of partial staining with H3K27me3, ranging from 5 to 40% of the tumor cells. No significant correlation between H3K27me3 expression and clinicopathologic features was identified.

Conclusions.—

Loss of H3K27me3 frequently occurs in ERMS (52%) and is not reliable in distinguishing ERMS from MTT.
Historical Methods Manual
Authors:   Fort Hays State University, Marquess Hollie , Gribben Brian ,   Fort Hays State University
Published: February 2025

The Historical Methods Manual is a guide for history majors or students in history courses.
Atividades antrópicas que contribuem para a degradação da Floresta de Miombo na envolvente do Monte Unango, em Moçambique
Authors: Romua Cássimo Lacerda , Farias Jorge Antonio de , Ziembowicz Matheus Morais , Serrote Caetano Miguel Lemos , Souza Pábulo Diogo de , Sousa Max Vinicios Reis de
Published: February 2025

O Miombo é uma formação florestal característica da região norte de Moçambique e que sofre desmatamento intenso, contribuindo para sua degradação. Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar as principais atividades antrópicas que contribuem para a degradação de uma floresta de Miombo em torno do Monte Unango, em Moçambique. A coleta de dados incluiu a observação direta, questionário e mensuração do crescimento das espécies e do tamanho das áreas degradadas. Os dados foram processados no pacote estatístico Excel 2016 e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. Os resultados indicam que a agricultura é a atividade que mais contribui para a degradação da floresta, com 174,5 ha de área desmatada, que correspondem a 61,7% do total da área. A prática dessa atividade inclui o abate de espécies florestais protegidas por lei, assim, recomenda-se a sensibilização da comunidade e a introdução de políticas de educação ambiental, bem como a disseminação de informações relacionadas à importância do uso sustentável da floresta.
The Nexus between Artificial Intelligence and ESG Performance: A Case from Manufacturing Firms of China
Authors: Dr. Ayaz Qaiser  , Muhammad Ali  , Muhammad Fahad  , Zara Rafique  , Waseema Batool
Published: February 2025

Improving manufacturing organizations' ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) performance is becoming more and more important in the global pursuit of green and sustainable development. AI (Artificial intelligence) has become a vital instrument for manufacturing companies to obtain a driven advantage in sustainability as a result of the growing digital revolution and urgent environmental issues. There is little academic research on the precise effects of artificial intelligence (AI) on the performance of ESG of manufacturing companies. The role of digital technologies in promoting ESG developments has been not extensively explored. The sample consists of Chinese-listed manufacturing companies from 2013–2022. This research study fills the research gap by developing a theoretical framework of how AI affects manufacturing organizations ESG pillars. Regression analysis, a correlation matrix, and descriptive statistics were used by the researcher to examine the data. The results show that the use of AI technology successfully encourages enhancements in manufacturing companies' ESG performance. This research adds to the body of knowledge on improving ESG performance, clarifies the theoretical basis for AI-enabled companies' non-economic performance, and expands the use of organizational dualism theory in novel settings.
The Critical Analysis of Saraiki Literature; Factors, Trends and Traces
Authors: Dr. Muhammad Farooq
Published: February 2025

The Saraiki language, rooted in the ancient Indus Valley civilization, presents a rich tapestry of historical, linguistic, and cultural evolution. Originating in a region encompassing sites like Harappa and Mohenjo Daro, Saraiki has been shaped by millennia of interactions with diverse groups, resulting in evolving nomenclature and dialects. While debates persist regarding its antiquity, with some suggesting it predates Sanskrit, conclusive evidence remains limited. Historically, the language has been known by various names, including Multani, Uchi, and Hindki, reflecting its geographical and cultural diversity. The sociopolitical context of the Saraiki-speaking region, marked by invasions, political strife, and cultural exchange, has deeply influenced its literature. Saraiki literary traditions encompass poignant folk poetry, storytelling, and genres like Marsiya and Kafi, exemplified by the works of prominent poets such as Sultan Bahu, Ali Haider Multani, Khawaja Ghulam Fareed and Shakir Shujabadi, which express the sentiments of the common people. Recent literary movements have emphasized resistance against colonial influence and the pursuit of regional identity, particularly in the post-partition era of Pakistan. This literature plays a crucial role in maintaining cultural identity in the face of political marginalization. Contemporary Saraiki writers continue to engage with themes of social justice, cultural pride, and national identity, further solidifying the language’s role in articulating the Saraiki experience and the ongoing struggle for political autonomy. The study of Saraiki language and literature reveals a resilient cultural narrative that thrives amidst the complexities of history, politics, and social change.
El impacto de la inteligencia emocional en la gestión del talento humano y su relación con el desempeño organizacional y financiero de la empresa
Authors: Torres Bueno María Belén , Torres Chiriboga Deysi Yane , Burbano Andrade Alejandro Alfredo
Published: February 2025

La inteligencia emocional desempeñó un papel crucial en la administración del talento humano, influyendo significativamente en el rendimiento organizacional y financiero de las empresas. Se reconoció que las habilidades emocionales permitieron una mejor gestión de las relaciones interpersonales dentro del entorno laboral, lo que favoreció la comunicación, el liderazgo efectivo y la resolución de conflictos. Las organizaciones que fomentaron el desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional en sus colaboradores observaron mejoras en el clima laboral y en la motivación de los equipos, lo que repercutió positivamente en la productividad y en el cumplimiento de objetivos estratégicos. Los líderes con alta inteligencia emocional lograron tomar decisiones más acertadas, gestionaron eficazmente el estrés y promovieron una cultura de trabajo colaborativa. Además, se evidenció que el bienestar emocional de los empleados influyó directamente en su nivel de compromiso y desempeño, lo que generó un impacto positivo en la rentabilidad de las empresas. Al fortalecer estas competencias, se redujo la rotación de personal y se optimizaron los recursos humanos. En definitiva, la integración de la inteligencia emocional en la gestión del talento humano se consolidó como un factor clave para alcanzar el éxito organizacional y financiero.
Analisis Sentimen Masyarakat terhadap Pelayanan Bank Central Asia: Text Mining Cuitan Satpam BCA pada Twitter
Authors: Muhammad Nusantara Rizaldy
Published: February 2025

Kasus trendingnya topik satpam BCA pada media sosial Twitter menunjukkan kualitas pelayanan satuan pengamanan pada bank perlu mendapatkan perhatian tertentu dan tidak dapat dihiraukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis sentiment pada layanan satpam BCA dengan menyelidiki respon masyarakat terhadap trendingnya topik satpam BCA di akhir tahun 2021 dengan kata kunci “Satpam BCA” dan mengulik penyebab dari trendingnya topik tersebutkualitas layanan satpam BCA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif untuk menganalisis sentimen masyarakat terhadap pelayanan Satpam BCA berdasarkan data dari media sosial Twitter. Hasil penelitian dari 1.115 cuitan yang dikumpulkan menunjukkan bahwa tiga sentimen dominan adalah positif, kepercayaan, dan kegembiraan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sentimen positif yang tinggi berkontribusi terhadap viralnya topik tersebut di media sosial dan mencerminkan kualitas pelayanan satpam BCA yang baik dalam persepsi publik. Selain itu, analisis prediktif dengan Naïve Bayes Classifier menghasilkan akurasi tinggi sebesar 95%, yang mengindikasikan bahwa sentimen positif dapat menjadi faktor yang mempengaruhi kepopuleran suatu topik di media sosial. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelayanan non-inti seperti satpam bank memiliki peran signifikan dalam membangun citra perusahaan dan kepuasan pelanggan. Implikasi penelitian ini memberikan wawasan bagi sektor perbankan mengenai pentingnya analisis sentimen media sosial sebagai alat evaluasi pelayanan serta strategi mitigasi isu yang dapat berdampak terhadap reputasi institusi keuangan
Pharmacoresistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Controlled by Bilateral Anterior Thalamic Nuclei Thalamotomy
Authors: Inggas Made Agus Mahendra , Ketaren Retno Jayantri , Puspitasari Vivien , Wahyoepramono Julianta
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Several potential targets have been suggested for the treatment of pharmacoresistant epilepsy, including medial parts of temporal lobes, caudate nucleus, cerebellum, centromedian nucleus of the thalamus, subthalamic nucleus and anterior thalamic nucleus (ATN). The effectiveness of bilateral ATN thalamotomy as treatment option for pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy is a considerable approach in this recent advances. Method: Case report. Result: A 24-year old male patient presented with unknown onset of generalized tonic clonic seizures and serials of drop attacks since 4 years of age. He was also diagnosed with Attention Defcit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and a history of febrile seizures. Brain MRI was normal. He has been treated with so many combination of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) with last combination were Valproic acid 500 mg twice daily, Clonazepam 2 mg thrice daily and Zonisamide 100 mg twice daily. Despite all polytherapy AEDs given, he was still having recurrent seizures. Vagal Nerve Stimulation (VNS) was then conducted and seizures were slightly better. After maximal VNS voltage given, seizures became more frequent. ATN bilateral thalamotomy was done five years after, where seizure was better controlled. Levetiracetam 500mg twice daily and phenobarbital 15 mg once was given in concordance to the surgery, and the patient is doing well until now. Conclusion: In pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy where AEDs and VNS showed no signifcant improvement, ATN bilateral thalamotomy is considered to be a compelling treatment option. As we know, this is a first case report for ATN thalamotomy for epilepsy in south east asia region.
Bronze vessels of the late Roman Republic and the early Roman Empire from Moesia (northern Bulgaria)
Authors:   Department for Classical Archaeology, National Archaeological Institute with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Science, e-mail: vladislavjivkov@gmail.com, ZHIVKOV VLADISLAV
Published: February 2025

The article examines the finds of bronze vessels from the territory of modern Northern Bulgaria. The single find outside this region that is included is from Krǎn, which is probably the earliest Roman import in the territory of Bulgaria, from the beginning of the 2nd century BC. The rest of the items belong to well‑known types: jugs of Piatra Neamţ, Gallarate, Ornavasso – Montefiascone/Kjaerumgaard types; situlae of Eggers 20 and Costeşti – Tilişca types; pans of Aylesford type, casseroles of Eggers 134‑136/Petrovszky type III and few pelta‑shape feet of casseroles. Most of the finds were discovered in the western half of Northern Bulgaria. The Roman interest in this region is also attested by coin hoards, which consist of large silver coins: tetradrachms (I Macedonian region, Thasos), drachms (Apollonia and Dyrrachium), and Roman republican denarii. Based on the dates of the items, the regular importation of bronze vessels started in the second half of the 2nd century BC. At the same time, numerous graves with La Tène weaponry appear. The author argues that those prestigious items testify about the Roman diplomacy in the region and especially the search for allies – against the raids of the Scordisci and especially against Mithridates VI Eupator.
Agricultural waste and statistics
Authors: Ketin Sonja , Kostić Boban , Plojović Šemsudin
Published: February 2025

Agricultural wastes are unusable materials, liquid or solid, resulting from the agricultural production process, such as fertilizers, pesticides, crop waste (such as fruit pruning residues) and manure. The data analysis, which includes the amounts of different categories of agricultural waste generated during the period from 2017 to 2021, provides an insight into the dynamics and trends of waste generation. This analysis is key to understanding how different types of waste accumulate over time and how effective strategies can be implemented to manage them. The goal of statistical analysis is multiple: to identify trends in waste generation for each category, to check assumptions for applied statistical models, to group waste categories based on similarities in their annual amounts, and finally, to draw relevant conclusions that could help in the formation of waste management policy. At the core of our society and its development lies the ability to understand and manage the resources we have, as well as the waste we generate. Research on waste data has multiple significance. First, it allows us to identify the main sources of waste, which is the first step towards reducing them. Second, analyzing trends in waste generation helps predict future challenges and needs for waste management infrastructure. Third, understanding the different types of waste and their quantities allows the development of specific strategies for recycling, composting or energy valorization, thereby contributing to the conservation of natural resources and reducing pollution. Finally, this research plays a key role in shaping policies and regulations that strive towards sustainable waste management, promoting practices that are in line with the principles of a circular economy.
KHẢO SÁT THÀNH PHẦN HÓA HỌC LÁ HẢI KIM SA (LIGODIUM JAPONICUM) VÀ ĐÁNH GIÁ TÁC DỤNG ỨC CHẾ ENZYME ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING, ENZYME LIPASE CỦA CAO LÁ HẢI KIM SA
Authors: Lê Nhân Tuấn  , Nguyễn Kim Oanh  , Trần Lê Phương Linh  , Đoàn Phước Cường  , Nguyễn Thị Ảnh  , Nguyễn Hồng Tiến  , Hồ Thiên Phú  , Huỳnh Quốc Bảo  , Bùi Thanh Phong
Published: February 2025

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát thành phần hóa học có trong lá Hải kim sa (Ligodium japonicum) và hoạt tính ức chế enzyme angiotensin-converting, enzyme lipase từ các cao phân đoạn của Hải kim sa.
Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu xác định các hợp chất có trong dược liệu lá Hải kim sa bằng phương pháp định tính thành phần hóa học. Sử dụng phương pháp chiết cao, chiết phân đoạn và đánh giá hoạt tính khả năng ức chế các enzyme (angiotensin-converting enzyme và lipase) cao toàn phần, cao phân đoạn n-Hexan, chloroform, n-Butanol và cao nước từ lá Hải kim sa ở mức độ in vitro.
Kết quả: Thành phần hóa học của lá Hải kim sa gồm các nhóm hợp chất alkaloid, flavonoid, coumarin, saponin, antranoid, triterpenoid, tanin, acid hữu cơ, phenol, đường khử, polisaccharid, carotenoid. Hiệu quả ức chế angiotensin-converting enzyme cao nhất ở cao chloroform với IC50 là 139,49 (µg/ml) và hoạt tính ức chế lipase cao nhất là ở cao n-Butanol với IC50 là 252,54 (µg/ml).
Kết luận: Lá Hải kim sa chứa nhiều hợp chất hóa học có hoạt tính sinh học. Cao chiết lá Hải kim sa có tiềm năng trong việc ức chế angiotensin-converting enzyme và lipase tụy in vitro.
ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ GÃY KÍN MÂM CHÀY LOẠI SCHATZKER V-VI BẰNG KẾT HỢP XƯƠNG NẸP KHÓA, TẠI BỆNH VIỆN QUÂN Y 103
Authors: Nguyễn Đình Thành , Phạm Ngọc Thắng
Published: February 2025

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả điều trị gãy kín mâm chày loại Schatzker V-VI bằng kết hợp xương nẹp khóa.
Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu, mô tả lâm sàng cắt ngang, kết hợp theo dõi dọc không nhóm chứng trên 39 bệnh nhân gãy kín mâm chày loại Schatzker V-VI, điều trị phẫu thuật kết hợp xương bằng nẹp khóa dưới C-arm, tại Bệnh viện Quân y 103, từ tháng 4/2022 đến tháng 6/2023.
Kết quả: Kết quả gần: 100% bệnh nhân liền vết mổ kì đầu và không có biến chứng nhiễm khuẩn vết mổ; 76,9% bệnh nhân hết di lệch và 23,1% bệnh nhân còn di lệch ít; 100% bệnh nhân kết xương đạt yêu cầu, không trường hợp nào bắt vít phạm khớp. Kết quả xa: 93,3% bệnh nhân sẹo mổ mềm mại, không viêm rò; 6,7% bệnh nhân sẹo lồi; 100% bệnh nhân liền xương tốt; 96,7% bệnh nhân phục hồi chức năng khớp tốt và khá; 1 bệnh nhân (3,3%) hạn chế vận động khớp gối.
Kết luận: Phẫu thuật kết hợp xương bằng nẹp khóa dưới C-arm điều trị gãy kín mâm chày loại Schatzker V-VI có thể cố định vững chắc ổ gãy, phục hồi giải phẫu, giúp bệnh nhân tập vận động sớm.
TỈ LỆ VÀ CÁC YẾU TỐ TIÊN LƯỢNG VIÊM PHỔI LIÊN QUAN THỞ MÁY Ở BỆNH NHÂN ĐA CHẤN THƯƠNG
Authors: Nguyễn Quang Huy  , Nguyễn Trung Kiên  , Vũ Minh Dương  , Nguyễn Trường Giang  , Lê Đăng Mạnh  , Phan Duy Thắng
Published: February 2025

Mục tiêu: Xác định tỉ lệ và các yếu tố tiên lượng viêm phổi liên quan thở máy ở bệnh nhân đa chấn thương.
Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu thuần tập, tiến cứu trên 157 bệnh nhân đa chấn thương, điều trị tại Khoa Hồi sức Ngoại, Bệnh viện Quân y 103, từ tháng 6/2020 đến tháng 6/2023.
Kết quả: 22,9% bệnh nhân đa chấn thương có viêm phổi liên quan thở máy. Điểm tổn thương rút gọn (AIS) cả 6 hệ thống cơ quan đều không có giá trị tiên lượng viêm phổi liên quan thở máy. Thời gian nằm hồi sức có giá trị tiên lượng viêm phổi liên quan thở máy, với AUC = 0,812, điểm cắt 6,5 ngày, độ nhạy 85,7% và độ đặc hiệu 71,8%.
Mục tiêu: Xác định tỉ lệ và các yếu tố tiên lượng viêm phổi liên quan thở máy ở bệnh nhân đa chấn thương.
Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu thuần tập, tiến cứu trên 157 bệnh nhân đa chấn thương, điều trị tại Khoa Hồi sức Ngoại, Bệnh viện Quân y 103, từ tháng 6/2020 đến tháng 6/2023.
Kết quả: 22,9% bệnh nhân đa chấn thương có viêm phổi liên quan thở máy. Điểm tổn thương rút gọn (AIS) cả 6 hệ thống cơ quan đều không có giá trị tiên lượng viêm phổi liên quan thở máy. Thời gian nằm hồi sức có giá trị tiên lượng viêm phổi liên quan thở máy, với AUC = 0,812, điểm cắt 6,5 ngày, độ nhạy 85,7% và độ đặc hiệu 71,8%.
The role of administrative planning function in achieving sustainable development in pharmaceutical companies in Riyadh
Authors: Alamri Abdulhadi
Published: February 2025

This research seeks to find out the role of the administrative planning function in achieving sustainable development in pharmaceutical companies, where the researcher presented the results of statistical analysis using the statistical program(SPSS) version 25 based on the data of 220 questionnaire forms.
The results of the research concluded that:
 There is an impact of administrative planning (strategic planning) on the sustainable development of pharmaceutical companies.
 There is an impact of management planning (tactical planning) on the sustainable development of pharmaceutical companies.
 There is an impact of administrative planning (practical planning (implementation) on the sustainable development of pharmaceutical companies.
Therefore, there is an impact of administrative planning on the sustainable development of pharmaceutical companies.
The Future of Learning and the Learning of the Future
Authors: Dermendjieva Greta
Published: February 2025

In the study, the problems of our well-known educational approaches are discussed and analyzed through the prism of the science of the individual and neuroscience. Stress, boredom, and the overstimulation of the human brain by digital devices have been identified as some of the most potent barriers to learning interest and motivation. In connection with this, a typology of forms of education is offered, vividly illustrating the evolution of techniques, methods, means of learning and teaching, and in general – the futuristic(from a modern perspective) idea of the transformation of “school” in its highest version.
The Political Poster in Socialist Bulgaria (1944-1989)
Authors: Vangelov Nikola
Published: February 2025

The paper aims to analyze the key communicative aspects of the political poster in socialist Bulgaria (1944-1989). The main focus falls on its content and form. As one of the main and most influential visual propaganda forms the effectiveness of the political poster is also studied using qualitative content analysis. Through comparative analysis, the main features and themes of the political poster in Bulgaria during the socialist period are analyzed about its elder brother – the Soviet poster. In addition, several examples of American propaganda posters are analyzed comparing them with their Soviet counterparts.
The Evolution of Home Cinema to Streaming Platforms and Their Strategic Mediamorphosis in the Context of the Intense Competitive Environment
Authors: Yakimova Tsvetelina
Published: February 2025

Globalization, technological progress, and digitization transformed the audiovisual environment overall and imposed new rules in media and film content consumption. Technological advancement along with dynamic everyday life predetermines the evolution of home cinema from video cassettes to streaming platforms available anywhere at any time on any device and not only at home. In recent years, the video streaming market has grown so rapidly that the context of the dynamic competition imposes mergers, more investments, and, furthermore, flexibility in strategic business plans in the fierce rivalry for users.
Liderazgo directivo y gestión de la administración pública en centros educativos fiscales ecuatorianos: Impacto en el desempeño institucional y académico
Authors: Rosero Moran Lilia Soraya
Published: February 2025

Este estudio analizó el impacto del liderazgo directivo y la administración pública en el desempeño institucional y académico de centros educativos fiscales en Ecuador, abordando la necesidad de comprender cómo estas prácticas afectan los resultados en instituciones que enfrentan limitaciones de recursos y desafíos estructurales. El objetivo fue identificar estrategias para optimizar la administración pública y mejorar el rendimiento educativo. Para ello, se empleó un enfoque mixto, combinando métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos que permitieron una visión integral del fenómeno. La metodología incluyó un diseño descriptivo-correlacional, seleccionando una muestra de 100 directores, docentes y personal administrativo de centros educativos fiscales en diversas regiones. Los datos cuantitativos se recopilaron mediante cuestionarios tipo Likert y se analizaron en el software SPSS mediante estadísticas descriptivas y correlacionales; en tanto que las entrevistas semiestructuradas aportaron una visión cualitativa, procesada mediante análisis temático en Atlas.ti, sobre las estrategias y desafíos de liderazgo. La investigación revela que el liderazgo directivo y la administración pública son factores clave en el desempeño académico e institucional de los centros educativos fiscales en Ecuador. El liderazgo transformacional mejora la cultura organizacional, la motivación docente y los resultados académicos. Se concluye que un liderazgo sólido y una gestión estratégica son esenciales para optimizar el desempeño institucional. Es crucial formar líderes educativos, invertir en capacitación docente y establecer sistemas de evaluación inclusivos y efectivos. Estas estrategias permitirán fortalecer el sistema educativo fiscal en Ecuador y alcanzar mayores estándares de calidad.
Implementation of Carbon Accouting and Green Innovation in Improving Environmental Performance Against the SDGs in Companies
Authors: Maharani Dorifahtu Afirstantian , Rahayuningsih Sri
Published: February 2025

Seeing the importance of carbon accounting and green innovation in the context of environmental performance and compliance with SDGs, this analysis is very relevant to provide new insights into how these two aspects can support each other. It is hoped that this analysis can provide practical recommendations for companies in implementing carbon accounting and green innovation effectively, as well as help them achieve the sustainability goals that have been set. The aim of this analysis is to find out and analyze how carbon emissions and green innovation impact the Sustainable Development Goals. In addition, this analysis also investigates how environmental performance impacts the relationship between the creation of carbon emissions and green innovation towards the SDGs. This analysis discusses energy and infrastructure companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2020 to 2022. A purposive sampling technique was employed for this investigation, and a sample of 14 businesses was selected. for this study, a sample of 14 businesses was selected. A total of 14 companies were selected as samples for this research using purposive sampling techniques. The PLS hypothesis testing system is used, and secondary data is the type of data used. The results of the analysis show that sustainable development goals are influenced by environmental performance and carbon accounting. On the other hand, green innovation has a significant impact regarding the environmental performance of companies working in the energy and infrastructure sectors.
A Study on the Impact of Dragon and Lion Dance Instruction on Adolescents' Awareness of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Sports
Authors:   Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Mongolia, Li Dongbiao , Delgerkhuu Narantsatsral ,   Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Mongolia
Published: February 2025

As a sports non-heritage program, dragon and lion dance is of great significance to the youth's recognition and inheritance of sports culture. This paper analyzes the influence of dragon and lion dance teaching on the youth's knowledge of non-heritage sports. It reveals its positive role in enhancing cultural cognition, promoting the development of sports skills, cultivating social skills, and stimulating the awareness of inheritance and innovation. To promote the popularization and development of the dragon and lion dance among young people, we can build an all-round and multi-level teaching and practice system by focusing on policy leadership, teacher training, teaching mode innovation, social support, and cooperation. The implementation of these strategies can not only enrich the sports and cultural life of young people, enhance their physical quality and cultural self-confidence, but also effectively promote the living inheritance of sports non-heritage culture, and inject youthful vigor into the promotion and development of Chinese outstanding traditional culture. The teaching of dragon and lion dance, as a link between the past and the future, has inestimable value for the comprehensive development of youth and cultural heritage.
Role of Social Media in Comparing Physical Appearance, Body Dissatisfaction and Drive for Thinness
Authors: Saeed Maryam , Afzal Hamna , Khawar Hira , Khan Zainab Kausar , Idrees Saba , Maqbool Hafiza Sidra
Published: February 2025

The role of social media in shaping physical appearance perceptions, body dissatisfaction, and the drive for thinness has become a significant area of study in recent years. Social media platforms often promote unrealistic beauty standards among women. This quantitative research was conducted by using correlational research design. Survey was administered with the help of questionnaire as a method of data collection. Sample of 103 women (unmarried=44, married=59).       were selected through convenient sampling.  Findings of the study reveal that significant positive correlation was found between using social media, comparing physical appearance, body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness. In addition, using social media is a significant positive predictor of comparing physical appearance, body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness. Furthermore, unmarried females reported higher level of using social media, comparing physical appearance, body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness as compared to married. It is recommended that in future research addressed the need for awareness and interventions to mitigate the harmful effects of social media on body image and mental well-being.
'Tai Chi in Fibromyalgia Therapy
Authors: Grazia Bellomo Rosa , Gardarelli Michele , Li Pira Isidoro , Coppola Roberto , Barbato Claudia
Published: February 2025

Tai Chi Chuan, simply known as Tai Chi, is an ancient Chinese practice that
combines fluid body movements with deep breathing to promote mind-body
balance and facilitate the flow of internal energy. It is called Qi.
This discipline has become popular worldwide due to its health benefits.
Fifty community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and older with fibromyalgia
participated in the study. The participants attended eight 50-minute sessions per
month over a three-month period, completing a total of 24 sessions. The sessions
were conducted online rather than in person due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Research has confirmed that Tai Chi can improve aerobic capacity, muscular
strength, balance, and psychological well-being, as well as enhance health-related
quality of life. Recent studies have also demonstrated that Tai Chi is safe and
effective for various conditions, including neurological, rheumatological,
orthopaedic, cardiovascular, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and breast
cancer. The results show that the treatment has also been significantly effective
from a statistical standpoint.