bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As primeiras indústrias, a arquitetura utilitária e o espaço fabril em Santa Cruz do Sul
Authors: Prus Camila , Rachor Daniela Elisa , Keller Milton Roberto , Bittencourt Doris Maria Machado de
Published: November 2016

O objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever a história da indústria de sua origem até 1930, destacando o vínculo colono-industrialização, a origem dos primeiros estabelecimentos industriais, os condicionantes para o desenvolvimento da mesma, a arquitetura empregada nos prédios fabris e sua situação atual. O trabalho baseou-se em análises de imagens encontradas nos arquivos do Centro de Documentação da Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (CEDOC), e fontes bibliográficas constituídas por livros, jornais, periódicos e meio eletrônico. Dessa forma, o trabalho permite entender o contexto histórico e a dinâmica pela qual a cidade e a indústria foram estruturando-se no território santa - cruzense, como também, identificar e analisar as edificações da arquitetura industrial e como a mesma se relaciona/relacionou com a paisagem urbana.
Desenvolvimento de um creme de laranja e avaliação da qualidade físico-química, microbiológica e sensorial
Authors: Schuck Heloisa , Fischer Paula Andressa , Corbellini Valeriano Antônio , Rolhfes Ana Lúcia Becker , Baccar Nádia De Monte , Marquardt Liliane , Oliveira Mari Silvia Rodrigues de
Published: November 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma formulação alimentícia de creme de laranja com controle de qualidade adequado, avaliar sua aceitabilidade sensorial e determinar o valor nutricional para que este possa ser utilizado com fins comerciais em padarias e confeitarias. Para a formulação do creme foram utilizadas laranjas Valência (Citrus sinensis), açúcar, gemas, gelatina em pó incolor, manteiga e creme de leite. Foi empregado um processo térmico de pasteurização em banho-maria com variações de tempo e temperatura. As análises da composição proximal do creme de laranja foram realizadas segundo metodologia preconizada pelo Instituto Adolfo Lutz (2008) e o valor calórico segundo Lehninger (2011). A análise sensorial foi realizada através de ficha de análise de atributos. As contagens de Estafilococos Coagulase positiva e de Coliformes Termotolerantes 45ºC encontraram-se dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação vigente. Não foi detectada a presença de Salmonella. Encontrou-se um índice de 44,30% de umidade, 0,36% de cinzas, 29,68% de lipídeos , 1,68% de fibras, 13,02% de proteínas, 10,95% de carboidratos e um total de 366,42kcal/100g. O Índice de Aceitabilidade (IA) para a impressão global foi superior a 70%, aferindo a este produto uma aceitação sensorial satisfatória.
O Potencial de Geração de Biogás Proveniente da Criação de Suínos no Oeste do Paraná: Um Estudo Exploratório
Authors: Strassburg Udo , Oliveira Nilton Marques de , Rocha Junior Weimar Freire da
Published: November 2016

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de verificar o potencial e a perspectiva da produção de biogás no Oeste do Paraná. Utilizou-se de uma metodologia exploratória com base na literatura. Para tanto, o referencial teórico foi centralizado na geração de biogás na atividade suína, sua produção, sua perspectiva e seu potencial de produção de biogás e as formas de utilização. Os dados utilizados e trabalhados foram obtidos junto ao IPEADATA, à EMBRAPA e à Abipecs. Os resultados apontaram que o Oeste do Paraná tem um grande potencial para geração de biogás, tendo, em 2012, uma população de suínos de 2.085.267 cabeças, com a capacidade de geração de dejetos de 12.094.548 kg. Com essa matéria-prima há condições de gerar 4.233.092 m3 de biogás. As perspectivas dos agentes da atividade suína estarem se envolvendo, cuidando do meio ambiente e, consequentemente, produzindo biogás, são grandes, pois os resultados se mostram favoráveis para que isso aconteça. Assim, o que é necessário para a expansão da produção do biogás são estímulos do governo no sentido de regulamentar a atividade e oferecer incentivos para a produção de energia renovável.
Análise dos Valores de Frete da Soja a Granel nos Sistemas Unimodal e Multimodal de Transporte
Authors: Souza Rodrigo Oliveira , Cremasco Camila Pires , Gabriel Filho Luís Roberto Almeida
Published: November 2016

O transporte é o elo entre as unidades produtoras e processoradora dentro do setor do agronegócio, apresenta expressiva participação na economia do país e exige um enorme deslocamento de grandes quantidades de cargas. Contudo, a maioria dos produtos provenientes do agronegócio apresenta baixo valor agregado e alto volume de transporte, como no caso da commodity soja, onde o valor do frete pode se tornar significativo no preço final do produto, sendo relevante identificar os meios e formas de transporte que permitam uma redução nos valores de frete. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o transporte da soja de São Simão (GO) a Osvaldo Cruz (SP), visto que a movimentação de soja, entre essas duas cidades, é considerável, em razão de uma ser polo de produção e a outra de processamento da soja, respectivamente, além de possibilitar a comparação entre o transporte unicamente rodoviário com o sistema multimodal. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística e simulação, podendo concluir que a multimodalidade na rota analisada permitiria uma redução significativa no valor do frete final de aproximadamente 33,3%, se comparado com o transporte unicamente rodoviário.
Crescimento de Cana-de-Açúcar sob Aplicação de Biofertilizante da Bovinocultura e Ureia
Authors: Mendonça Henrique Vieira de , Ometto Jean Pierre Henry Balbaud , Rocha Wadson Sebastião Duarte da , Martins Carlos Eugênio , Otenio Marcelo Henrique , Borges Cristiano Amancio Vieira
Published: November 2016

Os efluentes gerados na pecuária intensiva quando tratados por reatores anaeróbios possuem relevante potencial para reuso agrícola. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento das cultivares de cana-de-açúcar SP 803280 e RB 867515 durante 220 dias. Foram aplicadas doses de 0, 16, 48, 64, 80, 96 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio, usando como fontes biofertilizantes produzidos por meio da água residuária da bovinocultura e ureia. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, totalizando 96 parcelas com quatro repetições. As cultivares adubadas com biofertilizante obtiveram crescimento semelhante às adubadas com ureia, onde as doses de 64, 80, 96 kg ha-1 proporcionaram melhor eficácia no crescimento. Ao fim do experimento obteve-se uma altura média de três metros para as culturas, indicando que a ureia pode ser substituída pelo biofertilizante.
Development Application of Composite Indices (CI): An Emerging Method to the Disciplines of Engineering, Economics and Finance
Authors: Putcha Chandrasekhar , Sloboda Brian W. , Khani Mohammadreza
Published: November 2016

Interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary research involves the use of a combination of principles from various disciplines: engineering, economics, finance, etc. This particular approach makes a lot of sense; otherwise, all the research will become compartmentalized, and researchers from one discipline will not know what researchers from other disciplines are doing and how those principles can be applied to their own disciplines. One way to create a common base connecting all these disciplines is to use the concept of composite indicators (CI), which is an emerging field of study. The use of composite indices, as part of an emerging method, for research problems in various fields allows for greater understanding of research problems and provides a visionary approach to solve such problems. This paper first states the existing methods for calculation of composite indicators in the literature and then suggests a new method.
A Comparison Between Two Methods for Teaching Forearm Defense in Volleyball and Determining the Transfer of Learning from an Instructional Setting to a Game-Like Setting
Authors: Mousa Ay Khitam
Published: November 2016

This study aims to make a comparison between two different methods (the Bottom-up method and the Top-down method) for teaching forearm defense in volleyball and determining the transfer of learning from an instructional setting to a game-like setting. The subjects of the study were (36) students at physical education faculty in the university of Jordan, with mean age of (20 ± 0.5) years, who were assigned in volleyball course (2) in the second semester 2015/2016. They were divided randomly into two groups: The Bottom-up method group (18) students, and the Top-down method group (18) students. Two different (4-weeks) programs were applied, three times per week for (50 minutes) by the same physical education teacher; the author of this study who is specialized in teaching volleyball, (12) lessons plans were prepared for each group in which the subjects learned the forearm defense skill and how to use this skill under game conditions. Two measurements were taken; both groups were measured at the beginning (pre-test) in order to establish that all students started at the same level of skill performance and under game-like conditions performance. After the completion of the teaching program, the final measurements were taken (post-test) to note the different impact between the two methods of teaching on the subject`s performance in forearm defense skill performance and game-like conditions. Statistical analysis by using the (SPSS) program was done, included T-test for mean at pre and post test for the two groups and T-test for mean at post test between the two groups. The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in post test between the two groups in favor of the Bottom-up method group in forearm defense skill performance in volleyball. Whereas, the results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in post test between the two groups in favor of the Top-down method group in transfer performance to a game-like setting. The study concluded that it is important to use the combination of both methods; both methods have merit according to the stage of motor learning.
La Formación Investigativa Como Salida Para El Compromiso Profesional De Futuros Profesores En Angola
Authors: Figueiredo D. Eugenio , Montoro Miriam Agreda , Lucena María Angustias Hinojo
Published: November 2016

This paper aims to enhance the research carried out on teacher training as a current need in Angola’s Higher Education due to the lack of any practical introduction to research as part of an essential mode of action in professional training. This paper uses references provided in social sciences as a basis to inform about the importance of research training during the educational process of both students and teachers in Angola.. We conclude there is a need to propose policies that create profound changes in the training model of education practitioners so as to include an efficient general knowledge as well as the ability to develop proper research.
Niveau D’etudes, Style Educatif Des Parents Et Resilience Scolaire Chez Des Enfants Deficients Auditifs De L’ecole Ivoirienne Pour Les Sourds (ECIS)
Authors: Mélissa Kouassi Affoué
Published: November 2016

The present work analyzes from the perception of disability, which means that it is an inability to be gifted in some areas, including the school environment. In this perspective, it analyses the operation of parent and disabled child relationship. Carters of the relationship between the level of education, the educational style of parents and school resilience in hearing impaired children, of Ivorian school of deaf. To this end, we were interested in 18 ivoirians children and their parents, 9 girls and 9 boys aged 10 to 12years, from disadvantaged social background. From the scale of parental educational styles of Terrisse and Larose (2000), the inventory forms of resilience of Békaert, Masclet and Caron (2011) and the Rorschach test (1921), we observed the different educational styles and types of resilient behavior. Overall, the results obtained show that, the educational level and educational style parents, influence the different forms of academic resilience, in hearing deficient children. However, this work could not demonstrate the relationship of the level of secondary school and academic resilience challenge type. The results validate the whole analysis of certain theoretical constructs and the facts noted by other studies, according to which, parents play a role in the autonomy and self-determination of disabled children.
The Empirical Factors Determining Vertical Integration in Algerian Food Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Benmehaia Amine M. , Brabez Fatima
Published: November 2016

This paper examines the empirical factors determining vertical integration in the food manufacturing industry in Algeria. In this research, we focus on the effects of food industry structure, transaction costs, and several market conditions. We use data for the period of 16 years (2000- 2015) to estimate a linear regression model. Through an econometric analysis, three vertical integration measures are utilized to examine the determinants of vertical integration in food manufacturing industry. Empirical results support that there are variations in terms of the effects of industry structure and market conditions, whereas the transaction costs involved in the food industry coordination seems to have a significant effect on vertical integration trends.
Determinants Du Developpement Financier Dans Les Pays De La Zone Franc Cfa: Le Role De La Qualite Des Institutions
Authors: Alice Kos à Mougnol , François Pr Kamajou
Published: November 2016

This paper aims at analysing the role of the quality of institutions (institutional factors) on financial development within the fourteen countries of the CFA Franc zone. For that purpose, the Pool Mean Group (PMG) method is used in order to estimate a linear model in dynamic panel data over the period 1996-2011. Findings show that the quality of some institutions (corruption, political stability, quality of regulation…) conditions or affects the improvement level of financial system of the above-listed countries. To contribute to the emergence of better developed finance and of course more productive, the paper stands for an “institutional convergence” as one of the assets of financial development in the CFA Franc countries.
Property Tax in Transition countries: The Case of the Republic of Macedonia from 2006-2015
Authors: Elezi Shiret
Published: November 2016

Municipalities to develop their policies use Local taxes, fees and charges for empower of these potential sources of revenue: local tax autonomy makes collection more efficient and enables municipalities to introduce their own measures of social policy. These sources of income also increase the responsibility of local authorities: Among the various fees, charges and income tax, property tax has become an important source of funding for local costs. In most cases, the various taxes on immovable property- together with other forms of taxes property- established in the new fiscal framework of modern local governments. The fiscal autonomy of local governments is largely defined by the volume of their own sources of income. Own revenue sources limit the dependence of municipalities from intergovernmental transfers and revenues that the municipalities receive from the national budget. I will try to explain hanges made from the decentralization process in Macedonia throught ten years of starting implementation of the decentralization on property tax collection.
Forecasting The Italian Day-Ahead Electricity Price Using Bootstrap Aggregation Method
Authors: Harasheh Murad
Published: November 2016

Electricity price forecasting has become a crucial element for both private and public decision-making. This importance has been growing since the wave of deregulation and liberalization of the energy sector on a global scale since the late 1990s. Given these facts, this paper is an attempt to establish and demonstrate a precision based applicable forecasting model for wholesale electricity prices with respect to the Italian power market on an hourly basis. Artificial intelligence models such as neural networks and bagged regression trees are utilized, although they are rarely used to forecast electricity prices. After model calibration, bagged regression trees with exogenous variables comprised the final model. The selected model outperformed neural network and bagged regression with a single price used in this paper, it also outperformed other statistical and non-statistical models used in other studies. We also confirm certain theoretical specifications of the model. As a policy tool, this model could be used by energy traders, transmission system operators and energy regulators for an enhanced decision-making process.
Topic Detection Based on Weak Tie Analysis: A Case Study of LIS Research
Authors: Wei Ling , Xu Haiyun , Wang Zhenmeng , Dong Kun , Wang Chao , Fang Shu
Published: November 2016

Purpose

Based on the weak tie theory, this paper proposes a series of connection indicators of weak tie subnets and weak tie nodes to detect research topics, recognize their connections, and understand their evolution.

Design/methodology/approach

First, keywords are extracted from article titles and preprocessed. Second, high-frequency keywords are selected to generate weak tie co-occurrence networks. By removing the internal lines of clustered sub-topic networks, we focus on the analysis of weak tie subnets’ composition and functions and the weak tie nodes’ roles.

Findings

The research topics’ clusters and themes changed yearly; the subnets clustered with technique-related and methodology-related topics have been the core, important subnets for years; while close subnets are highly independent, research topics are generally concentrated and most topics are application-related; the roles and functions of nodes and weak ties are diversified.

Research limitations

The parameter values are somewhat inconsistent; the weak tie subnets and nodes are classified based on empirical observations, and the conclusions are not verified or compared to other methods.

Practical implications

The research is valuable for detecting important research topics as well as their roles, interrelations, and evolution trends.

Originality/value

To contribute to the strength of weak tie theory, the research translates weak and strong ties concepts to co-occurrence strength, and analyzes weak ties’ functions. Also, the research proposes a quantitative method to classify and measure the topics’ clusters and nodes.
A MPB no regime militar: silenciamento, resistência e produção de sentidos
Authors: Salles Ana Cláudia de Moraes , Fernandes Fernanda Surubi , Maluf- Souza Olimpia
Published: November 2016

A censura imposta pelo governo militar produziu efeitos de subjugação sobre o povo brasileiro. Em meio a essa situação, objetivando transgredir o opressivo, destacava-se a MPB que incorporava em suas letras mensagens de insatisfação e de protesto. Assim, neste trabalho buscamos compreender as contradições produzidas a partir do discurso musical, dando visibilidade aos efeitos metafóricos pelos quais a língua funciona.
Apresentação
Authors: Pfeiffer Claudia
Published: November 2016

Neste vigésimo segundo número da revista Rua, compõem a Seção Estudos artigos que instigam o leitor a percorrer diferentes práticas urbanas – pichação, catador de lixo, propaganda, manifestações, literatura, documentário, cartografia, caminhadas, política pública, jardins urbanos. Nessa heterogeneidade de olhares, perspectivas e objetos, a revista Rua promove a possibilidade do acontecimento do por-se a ver, de modo inter ou multidisciplinar.
Políticas de autoria
Authors: Cressoni Luciana Aleva
Published: November 2016

ABREU, Ana Silvia Couto de. Políticas de autoria. São Carlos, SP: EdUFSCar, 2013. 155 p. ISBN 9788576003038 (broch.).Abrir uma resenha com uma citação que não foi retirada do livro resenhado pode parecer um ato arriscado, mas é a própria autora do livro que lhes quero apresentar, Ana Silvia Couto de Abreu, que, nas páginas de sua obra Políticas de Autoria (2013), editado pela EdUFSCar, incentivou-nos a correr esse risco. E é inscrevendo suas reflexões no cruzamento entre a língua e a história, em um processo de entender o simbólico em relação ao político, que aprendemos com a autora a posicionar nossa resenha, não nos espaços delimitados e na técnica, mas em um não-lugar. Ao apresentarmos nossa resenha,do lugar de analistas de discurso, adiantamos ao leitor que o que fazemos aqui é o que acabamos de aprender no livro Políticas de Autoria: realizamos um gesto de interpretação. Não sendo nossa proposta realizar uma descrição minuciosa de cada um dos capítulos da obra, pois sabemos que, para além de resenhar a obra, o que apresentamos aqui é o nosso gesto leitura da obra e tantos outros podem ser feitos.
Illegal Hunting of Prey Species in the Northern Section of Bardia National Park, Nepal: Implications for Carnivore Conservation
Authors: Bhattarai Babu , Wright Wendy , Khatiwada Ambika
Published: November 2016

We interviewed 48 people including local communities, ex hunters and protected area management professionals. The purpose of the interviews was to understand the motivations for, and the nature of, illegal hunting of prey species of iconic predators - tigers and leopards - in the northern section of Bardia National Park. Participants reported that hunting of prey species occurs mostly in spring and autumn and is less common during the summer. In the past, hunting was primarily for the purposes of obtaining meat for household consumption. Since the introduction of a road network in the region, opportunities to sell wild meat at ad-hoc ‘highway markets’ have developed. The purported medicinal properties of wild meat was also cited as a driver for illegal hunting. Mostly, locally hand-made guns are used for hunting and the use of dogs in hunting was often reported. Protected area managers informed that illegal hunting problems in the study area are associated with a lack of presence of park authorities, remoteness and underdevelopment and poverty of the community. Our study suggested that skills development training for local community members might reduce dependency on wild meat for household consumption and earning thereby reducing illegal hunting.
Surface analytical model and sorption artifact designing method
Authors: Ren Xiaoping , Wang Jian , Wilson Ombati , Wang Yong , Chen Bai-fan , Cai Chang-qing
Published: November 2016

Mass standards with alternative shapes are difficult to design due to the number of complex parameters. An analytical model based on surface sorption experiments is presented to study adsorption. This model is based on an optimization algorithm that is conceptualized to help to design the best sorption artefacts. Experimental artefacts, cylinder-weight and stack-weight, were of the same volume but different surface areas. This algorithm in essence determines the optimum surface of the artefact. After machining the artefact, surface sorption measurements were carried out. A sorption experiment was done by transferring the artefact from air to a vacuum. Then the surface sorption model was set up which represented the relationship between sorption coefficient, time t and relative humidity h. Logarithmic models were used to fit the variation of sorption coefficient per relative humidity h with time t.
Signal and zero padding to improve parameters estimations of sinusoidal signals in the frequency domain
Authors: Agrez Dusan , Ilic Damir , Drnovsek Janko
Published: November 2016

This paper presents the procedure to improve the estimation of the basic sinusoidal signal parameters (frequency, amplitude, and phase, respectively) in the case of signal sampling by averaging in the aperture time. Prior to estimation in the frequency domain by the interpolated DFT algorithms the sampled signal is padded with the signal average values in the aperture times and zeroes in the rest of the sampling interval. We can increase padding points and a number of the signal cycles in the whole measurement interval and with this nearing the errors to the level as with estimation of the signal without average sampling even the sampling Nyquist condition is not fulfill.
Visible color changes estimation in colorimetric determination of chromium (VI) using polymeric sensors
Authors: Gavrilenko Nataliya A. , Muravyov Sergey V. , Saranchina Nadezhda V. , Sukhanov Alexey V.
Published: November 2016

The paper describes an application of a kind of optical analytical method, digital color analysis (DCA), using colorimetric polymethacrylate sensors (optodes) in order to determine Cr (VI). The optodes are made of optically transparent polymethacrylate matrix (PMM) with 1.5-diphenylcarbazide immobilized. The developed optode can be used in determination of the analytes using solid phase spectrophotometry and calculating color coordinates as functions of absorbance spectra. Also color coordinates can be represented as basic color (e.g. RGB) data after the optode image digitizing. Then one can determine the content of an analyte in a sample by an appropriate color difference calculated for these coordinates. Experimental results of Cr (VI) determination in tap water show that the DCA relative standard deviation is 8-17 % and recovery is < 12 % at the range of determined concentrations 0.05-1.0 mg·L–1. The characteristics are comparable with those of the solid phase spectrophotometry.
Atypical Tumoral Presentation of Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease
Authors: Krochak Ryan , Culbertson Maya Deza , Vigorita Vincent , Goodman Howard
Published: November 2016

Case:

A 55-year-old man presented with a history of forefoot pain and swelling. Radiographs revealed a mass with internal calcifications and osseous erosion of the fifth metatarsophalangeal bone. The mass was isointense to muscle on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hyperintense on T2-weighted MRI. A biopsy was performed, and intraoperatively, the lesion appeared as chalky white material, which under polarized light microscopy was composed of weakly positively birefringent rhomboid crystals, leading to a diagnosis of tophaceous pseudogout.

Conclusion:

Tophaceus pseudogout should be included in the differential diagnosis of neoplastic-appearing lesions in the foot, and polarized light microscopy should be used when examining biopsy specimens.
Improving People’s Lives: The Perfect Day
Authors: Meehan Nathan
Published: November 2016

President's column

What constitutes a perfect day? It depends. To a surfer, it is a day of warm sunshine and perfect waves. To sports fans, perhaps a great win by their favorite team. We each have our own idea of what makes a perfect day.

Another aspect of a perfect day may not be a conscious thought but is of utmost importance: arriving home safely at the end of the day. Last month, I wrote about how the Society of Petroleum Engineers’ (SPE) mission statement reflects the role of the Society and its members in serving the public benefit. This month, let us discuss how we are going beyond statements to actions to improve people’s lives by not only enabling affordable energy, but also by doing it in the healthiest, safest, and most environmentally responsible way possible.

HSE: An Evolving Approach

When I started my career, the topic of health, safety, and environment (HSE) was often seen as a regulatory obligation to meet government requirements. HSE is now recognized as the “right thing to do” for two very important reasons.

It is part of our moral and ethical responsibility to our employees, customers, contractors, the communities in which we work, and to the future of our planet.

HSE is good for business. There is no downside to good HSE practices. Conversely, the cost of poor practices can drive companies out of business.

More organizations are striving to eliminate or significantly reduce HSE incident occurrences. This trend in performance improvements over the past decade has plateaued. We need a breakthrough. This will not occur overnight; it will require a journey.

Getting to Zero

SPE has a long commitment to HSE and I strongly encourage you to visit its website at spe.org/hsenow. This free website for HSE professionals is an informative public resource. HSE is a growing discipline within SPE globally. OnePetro (www. onepetro.org) now has 6,000 published HSE papers. As the number of professionals sharing knowledge on HSE increases, SPE offers the ideal place where they can gather, access resources, increase learning, and collaborate to improve industry practices.
Subsea Condition Monitoring: Does Effective Diagnosis Increase Availability?
Authors: Serene Chen Yuru , Chze Leong Pei
Published: November 2016

Management

The challenges encountered in deepwater development have led to the use of increasingly complex subsea systems. Consequently, operators have become more reliant on subsea monitoring equipment and instrumentation to provide field information for understanding production and equipment conditions. Production monitoring is typically the field operator’s main priority, and equipment condition and performance are sometimes overlooked, resulting in equipment failures and long production downtimes because of unplanned maintenance.

Equipment failures often occur without warning and may sometimes, when caused by environmental factors, become inevitable. To determine the cause, field operators sift through vast amounts of distributed data from the subsea control system.

The system downtime can be reduced and system availability can be increased by performing effective equipment diagnosis. With the current low-oil-price environment, subsea operators are looking to maximize returns on investment, and condition-based monitoring offers the possibility of lowering operational expenses while increasing field production.

Condition Monitoring

Condition monitoring is a proactive maintenance strategy combining software and people. Data are used to diagnose changes in the integrity of a system such that corrective action may be planned in a cost-effective manner to increase system availability. Condition monitoring is not a novel technology and is currently used in the aeronautical and automobile industries. The condition monitoring system takes integrity monitoring beyond traditional key performance indicators by utilizing all available data and information from the system and looking for trends of equipment degradation prior to equipment failure.

A condition monitoring system is typically based on the following three-step monitoring process:

Data Collection: Read-only software to acquire real-time and historical knowledge from the subsea control system. Storing historical data and supporting analysis based on historical trends.

Analysis: Onshore analysis server applies statistical analysis, signal processing, mathematical modeling, and simulations to ascertain system conditions. Requires experience-based product knowledge and reliability analysis to target known failure modes and performance issues. System may be tuned and updated in order to continuously improve its online diagnostic performance.

Collaboration and Discussion: Estimation of potential impact on production (availability) is built into the system based on operational and maintenance philosophy. With remote surveillance, multiple onshore and offshore users are able to operate the system on a web-based graphical user interface for monitoring and troubleshooting of the subsea field. To simplify monitoring, each component and associated potential failure mode is designed with its individual user interface.
Aligning Diverse Portfolios and Execution for Capital Efficiency
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: November 2016

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 26061, “Aligning Diverse Portfolio and Execution for Capital Efficiency,” by Martijn Dekker, Shell; Paul McNutt, ConocoPhillips; Greg Roder, Woodside Energy; Stuart Wheaton, Tullow Oil, and Sandeep Khurana, Granherne, prepared for the 2015 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 4–7 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Aligning a diverse portfolio with an organization’s execution capabilities and capacity is imperative in achieving capital efficiency and meeting shareholder expectations. Constructing a portfolio that provides both cash flow and long-term growth is a challenge. There should also be a direct connection of the organization’s strategy with its investment proposition. Should companies mitigate risk by diversification across countries, asset types, or play types? Or, alternatively, should they be a focused “pure-play” organization, leaving the investment diversification to the investors themselves?

Industry Trends

As complicated as the oil and gas business may seem at times, at its core it is quite simple. It begins by acquiring prospective acreage and exploring to find resources. To realize the value, produced oil and gas then has to be connected to the markets. But connecting the three links of this process (Resource/Develop/Market) alone is insufficient. There are external factors, such as interacting with host governments, communities, regulators, or public policy, that must be satisfied. It is only when these factors are combined appropriately, and their impacts understood, that value can be realized. All these aspects must be considered in constructing an oil and gas portfolio. From a historical perspective, the gaps that exist between finding the resource, developing it, and delivering it to the market for consumers have widened.

Portfolio Composition

Significantly different net-cash-flow profiles (Fig. 1) apply to different oil plays such as deep water and ultradeep water, unconventional, oil sands, and gas plays such as those requiring integrated liquefied natural gas (LNG), floating LNG, or the emerging coal-seam-gas (CSG) conversion to LNG. These differences make construction of a portfolio mix, and arriving at its risk weighting, a challenge.
Heavy metal removal from wastewater using various adsorbents: a review
Authors: Renu  , Agarwal Madhu , Singh K.
Published: November 2016

Heavy metals are discharged into water from various industries. They can be toxic or carcinogenic in nature and can cause severe problems for humans and aquatic ecosystems. Thus, the removal of heavy metals from wastewater is a serious problem. The adsorption process is widely used for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater because of its low cost, availability and eco-friendly nature. Both commercial adsorbents and bioadsorbents are used for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater, with high removal capacity. This review article aims to compile scattered information on the different adsorbents that are used for heavy metal removal and to provide information on the commercially available and natural bioadsorbents used for removal of chromium, cadmium and copper, in particular.
Methodological Challenges in the Statistical Analysis of Epidemiology Studies: use of Average Exposure Metrics in Historical Cohort Designs
Authors: Starr Thomas B. , Marsh Gary M.
Published: November 2016

An important methodological challenge in the analysis of historical occupational cohort data is choosing the most appropriate metric for the average exposure of the workers under study. We describe and illustrate the many issues associated with this challenge using a recent re-analysis by Kopylev [1] of lung cancer mortality in the National Cancer Institute (NCI) acrylonitrile cohort study. Kopylev proposed the routine use of both Average Exposure and Average Intensity when analyzing epidemiological cohort data. However, due to the methodological issues that arise with these metrics, we have concerns about the validity of his finding of a significant positive association between workers’ acrylonitrile exposure and increased lung cancer mortality in a subset of the NCI cohort. These include 1) the opportunity for substantial selection bias to have impacted the results; 2) the failure to account properly for latency; 3) the absence of a convincing biological rationale or other a priori justification for Kopylev’s preferred exposure metrics; 4) the absence of meaningful differences in Average Exposure- and Average Intensity- based risk estimates; 5) the lack of a logical basis for using either of these exposure metrics and 6) the conclusion that smoking was not a significant positive confounder, which is at odds with all other such findings for this cohort.
Pilot Study of the Effects of Cognitive Remediation Therapy Using the Frontal/Executive Program for Treating Chronic Schizophrenia
Authors: Omiya Hidetoshi , Yamashita Kiyoko , Miyata Tomoki , Hatakeyama Yukie , Miyajima Maki , Yambe Kenji , Matsumoto Izuru , Matsui Mie , Toyomaki Atsuhito , Denda Kenzo
Published: November 2016

Introduction:

Cognitive Remediation Therapy is a new rehabilitation approach that has been created in order to improve cognitive functions such as attention, memory and executive function. We aimed to investigate the effects of one type of Cognitive Remediation Therapy, the Frontal/Executive Program, on cognitive function, social function, and psychiatric symptoms in the chronic phase schizophrenia patients.

Methods:

Seventeen participants who gave consent were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n=8) or control group (n=9). The intervention consisted of 44 sessions of FEP over a period of approximately six months. Cognitive function, social function, and psychiatric symptoms were evaluated before and after the intervention and before and after a roughly six-month long period for controls. Results: The present study showed improvements in Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia-Japanese version composite score and subscales of verbal memory and working memory. Improvements were also observed in overall evaluation in the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale-Japanese version, total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale score. FEP is considered to improve the performance of cognitive function tests and social function tests and psychiatric symptoms tests that are the target of this training.

Conclusion:

Intervention by Frontal/Executive Program improved cognitive function and psychiatric symptoms in patients with chronic schizophrenia with long disease duration who require large doses of medication. Significant effects of intervention were observed in overall patient, informant and interviewer evaluation in social function test. FEP is a training method the primary means pencil and paper, it is possible to inexpensively implement when compared to the other CRT that uses a computer. There is an advantage that less economic cost.
The Catholic Church and the Formation of Metis Identity
Authors: Duval Jacinthe
Published: November 2016

This essay explores the relationship between the Roman Catholic Church and the Metis in the Red River colony in the nineteenth century. It demonstrates how missionaries, via their intellectual artifacts, have been responsible for shaping popular contemporary images of Metis culture. In analyzing the writings of missionaries, this paper also notes the ambiguity with which these individuals viewed Metis society. Priests steeped in European ecclesiastical and national values who hoped the Metis might form the basis of a new Francophone prairie society viewed some mixed-blood cultural practices as inimical to this end. From the perspective of the missionaries, the tantalizing familiarity of the French, Catholic aspect of the Metis contrasted jarringly with their 'alien' indigenous cultural and economic traits. As such, the Metis represented both a promise and a threat to the nation-building project. Although Metis identity has been stamped with the official seal of the church, the contradictions missionaries saw in this culture offer a promising avenue for the exploration of the complex processes of identity formation.
Ukrainians in Manchuria, China: A Concise Historical Survey
Authors: Cipko Serge
Published: November 2016

There is a body of literature that attests to Russian influence in the early development of Harbin, China, Edmonton's twin city, and northern Manchuria generally. What is not acknowledged in this literature, however, is that the "Russian" presence in Manchuria drew on considerable Ukrainian participation. This article explains why scholars of Manchuria have tended to refer to the settlers from the European parts of the Russian Empire only as "Russians" rather than distinguishing them according to their real national compartments. Then, by drawing on little known sources, an examination of the background to Ukrainian settlement in the region, the evolution of the community there, and the emergence of separate Ukrainian organizations, follows.
The Numbered Treaties: Similar Means to Dichotomous Ends
Authors: Whitehouse Derek
Published: November 2016

This essay reflects the recent trend among historians to assign an active role to both the Indians of the North-West Territories and the government during the Numbered Treaty process. The aboriginal peoples and the Canadian government entered the Treaty negotiations hoping to achieve dichotomous ends. Concerned over white settlement and diminishing buffalo herds, the Indians sought to use the concessions granted them under the Treaties to ensure their cultural survival. The government, on the other hand, considered the Numbered Treaties a means of achieving the goal of their Indian policy, namely bringing about the assimilation of the Indian into Euro-Canadian society.
“I Have Often Walked Down This Street Before…But What Was it Called?”: Changes to Street Names in Budapest from the End of Turkish Rule to the Present
Authors: Bodnar Eva
Published: November 2016

My essay examines patterns of meaning in the nomenclature chosen to designate street names of Budapest, Hungary’s present-day capital city, over a period of about three hundred years. I attend to the magyarization of Budapest and how street signage reflected the change of Budapest from a German to a Hungarian city. After the changeover to Magyar I continue to address how Budapest street toponymy was consistently utilized to express national identity. As consensus over national identity changed over time, so did its metaphorical expression in Budapest street nomenclature. Examples of these changes include the creation of cults of collective remembrance and personality in the nineteenth century and irredentism in the twentieth century. I also argue that Budapest street naming during the socialist period served the purpose of legitimizing the purported domestic origin of the ruling political philosophy. Currently, the erasure and retention of street names from previous regimes is a deliberate policy of symbolic reconciliation of Hungary’s past with its present.
Protecting Prerogative: William III and the East India Trade Debate, 1689-1698
Authors: Bohun James
Published: November 2016

Following the Glorious Revolution of 1688, the East India Company struggled to protect its royal monopoly from the challenges of a group of interlopers who had strong support in the House of Commons. The conflict for control of the East India trade had a great effect on the royal prerogative. Historians have presented differing views on the state of the royal prerogative for this period, and positions have remained polarized along conservative and radical lines. Close examination of the East India trade debate sheds much light on the issue. The debate over trade reveals a process of give and take in the struggle over the royal prerogative, with the King giving up certain rights in exchange for Parliamentary support to prosecute the war in France.
Livia: First Lady of Imperial Rome
Authors: Harvey Tracene
Published: November 2016

Livia: First Lady of Imperial Rome. By Anthony A. Barrett. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2002. Pp. xix + 425,29 b/w illustrations. $20.00 US paperback.
Seattle in the 1960s: Music, Identity, and the Struggle for Civil Rights
Authors: Kafara Rylan
Published: November 2016

During the 1960s, the American civil rights movement fundamentally altered the identity of Seattle’s black community. During the proceeding decades, its process of identity formation hinged on a shared appreciation and understanding of Rhythm and Blues music. Artists like Ray Charles and Jimi Hendrix benefited from this rich musical tradition. However, the intensification of racial discord politicized the African-American community. Black music became infused with overt political melodies. While remaining a key factor in shaping black identity, it also served to mobilize the broader community against racial inequality. This article explores the role of music in the construction of black identity, a process that indelibly altered the Emerald City. By drawing upon a diverse range of contemporary sources, as well as more recent literature written on thePacific Northwest, this article highlights the ways in which a specific community relates to, and is shaped by, one of its own cultural constructs. Ultimately, the article examines 1960s Seattle as a case study of the transition within black identity that occurred all across America.
The Union of Saskatchewan Indians: An Organization of Indian People for Indian People
Authors: Murdoch-Kinnaird Rauncie
Published: November 2016

The Union of Saskatchewan Indians (USI) had been described as a political tool of the Canadian Commonwealth Federation (CCF). The USI, however, was established and operated independently of the CCF government. Factors which influenced the establishment of the USI included: veterans' involvement, social issues which bonded Indian people together, the education of Indian people, and the support of the Saskatchewan CCF government. Further, the USI operated independently of the CCF government. Its constitution, funding, members, and policies were separate although influenced by the CCF government. Nevertheless, the USI cannot accurately be described as an instrument of the CCF. It was an independent and Indian organization.
Mykhailo Hrushevs'kyi's Historical Methodology
Authors: Pirie Paul
Published: November 2016

Long suppressed in the Soviet Union, the works of Ukraine's most noted historian, Mykhailo Hrushevs'kyi, have recently become the object of great interest in Ukraine. It is therefore necessary for the scholarly world to begin the process of re-examining Hrushevs'kyi's writing of history. This paper rejects the common interpretation that Hrushevs'kyi's work was a product of the nineteenth century Ukrainian populist tradition and was therefore indifferent to the idea of Ukrainian statehood or nationhood. By demonstrating the continuity of Ukraine's historical development, H rushevs'kyi sought to modify the traditional Russocentric interpretation and to show that Ukraine was a distinct nation with a tradition of statehood. This paper illustrates how Hrushevs'kyi's methodology, periodization scheme, and interpretive framework for East-Slavic history were all adjusted to support this "national idea;" this willingness to adapt his methods is the outstanding characteristic of Hrushcv's'kyi's historical methodology. His highly controversial interpretation of the origin of the East-Slavic peoples is also examined in this paper. Finally, Hrushevs'kyi's historical bias as well as his contribution to the scholarly world are considered.
Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way Through Tea
Authors: Holmes Leslie
Published: November 2016

The government of the Dominion of Canada hoped their western territory would be filled with immigrants eager to work the land and further strengthen the British Empire in the early 20th century. British stock were viewed as ideal settlers as they would be able to represent and maintain the customs and behavior of the British Empire. Many brought with them to the Canadian frontier a variety of traditions - one of which was the habit of drinking tea. How did tea reinforce British identity and Empire in the Canadian West in the late 19th and early 20th centuries? This paper contends that tea was a powerful tool for nation builders because it reinforced British identity and empire.