bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enteropathic SAPHO Syndrome in Ulcerative Colitis Responsive to Bisphosphonates
Authors: Phillipps Jordan , Mumtaz Sehreen , Valecha Jayesh , Stanborough Rupert O. , Berianu Florentina , Abate Ejigayehu , Majithia Vikas
Published: October 2024

SAPHO syndrome, a rare inflammatory disorder of bone, joints, and skin, is named based on the presence of synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis. The hallmark of SAPHO syndrome includes osteoarticular and dermatologic manifestations, however, rarer associations with inflammatory bowel disease (particularly Crohn’s disease) have been documented. The literature on the relationship between SAPHO syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially ulcerative colitis (UC), remains limited. We report an unusual case of SAPHO syndrome in a patient with UC. Chest x‐ray and MRI showed enlargement of the right first rib and adjacent sternum. Bone scintigraphy revealed hyperostosis and ankylosis of the costochondral junction, and bone biopsy revealed reactive bone and costal cartilage without findings of infection or malignancy. Complete resolution of symptoms was achieved 4 months after starting zoledronic acid without significant adverse events. The diagnosis of SAPHO syndrome in IBD patients is rare, even more so in UC patients, likely attributable to underdiagnosis given the clinical heterogeneity of SAPHO syndrome and overlap with the extra‐intestinal manifestation of IBD. Our treatment approach provides critical data to the underreported literature on diagnosis and managing SAPHO syndrome in UC.
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode Porosity and Tortuosity Effect on the Exergy Efficiency
Authors: Zouhri Khalid , Mohamed Mohamed , Nulph Kayla , Laubie Parker , Snyder Luke
Published: October 2024

Improving the efficiency of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is critical for advancing clean energy solutions on a global scale. One major challenge in enhancing SOFC efficiency is reducing anode diffusion polarization, which can significantly hinder performance. This study addresses this issue by investigating the effects of anode tortuosity and porosity on the exergy efficiency of SOFCs. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive numerical model, which uniquely incorporates detailed material properties and their impact on SOFC performance—specifically focusing on anode tortuosity and porosity. Using advanced Multiphysics software, we developed a model that solves mass, electron transfer, and energy equations discretized via the finite differences method. The study meticulously examines how variations in these parameters influence SOFC efficiency, providing new insights into optimal anode design. Our methodology involves simulating different anode configurations to pinpoint the key parameters that affect exergy efficiency, thereby minimizing the experimental costs and time associated with traditional approaches. The quantitative results of this study are significant. We found that an anode tortuosity of 5.5 and a porosity range of 0.05–0.1 optimize exergy efficiency, achieving a 15% improvement compared to conventional designs. Additionally, a mean pore radius between 15 and 20 µm was identified as optimal for enhancing cell voltage. These findings elucidate the critical relationship between anode material properties and SOFC performance, offering a practical pathway to improving efficiency. This research provides a novel numerical approach to understanding and optimizing anode characteristics in SOFCs. By highlighting the importance of specific material properties, such as tortuosity and porosity, and demonstrating their impact on exergy efficiency, this study offers valuable guidance for future SOFC design and development.
Exploring Factors Affecting People’s Acceptance of Connected Vehicle Technology in China
Authors: Zheng Lingyu , Guo Yuntao , Zou Yajie
Published: October 2024

Connected vehicles (CVs) leverage the vehicle‐to‐everything (V2X) function to interact with various mobility systems. In China, regulations mandate that CVs must possess automatic recording capabilities as stipulated by the “Management Specification for Road Tests of Intelligent CVs.” Yet, public perception of these functionalities and their impact on the acceptance of V2X technology remains unclear. This study explores the acceptance of V2X in China by augmenting the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework. Utilizing a survey of 567 Chinese drivers, we employed structural equation modeling (SEM) and Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) analysis to dissect the factors influencing the behavioral intention (BI) to use V2X. Our findings reveal that social influence (SI), facilitating conditions (FC), and effort expectancy (EE) significantly predict the intention to adopt V2X. Interestingly, while trust (T) does not exert a direct influence, its overall effect on BI surpasses those of the previously mentioned factors. Moreover, the MIMIC models highlight that individuals’ understanding of V2X significantly shapes their acceptance attitudes. These insights underscore the importance of enhancing T, particularly in the data security aspects of V2X, to bolster its acceptance in China. By addressing these concerns, stakeholders can pave the way for wider adoption of this pivotal technology.
The Correlation Between Maxillary Central Incisor Dimensions and Different Points on the Face in a Syrian Population
Authors: Ammar Yosha , Saker Rima
Published: October 2024

Statement of the Problem: When replacing the maxillary central incisor (MCI) or adjusting its dimensions, Syrian dentists may have difficulties in selecting the appropriate size due to the lack of a dental anthropometric database for Syrian society.

Purpose: The purpose of this observational study was to investigate the correlation between MCI dimensions and face length and width in Syrian females and males.

Materials and Methods: The study included 180 Syrian participants (90 females and 90 males) without facial or dental defects and aged between 20 and 25 years. A digital photograph of each individual’s face was taken to measure face length and width. Maxillary stone casts were made for each individual to assess the MCI width and height using a digital caliper. The correlation between facial and dental variables was investigated with the Pearson correlation coefficient. Moreover, intersex variations were tested using an independent‐sample t‐test (p < 0.05 considered significant).

Results: The mean MCI width was 8.58 mm, the mean MCI cervical width was 7.96 mm, the mean MCI height was 9.69 mm, the average MCI width‐to‐height ratio was 89%, and the average MCI cervical width‐to‐height ratio was 82%. The intersex variations in dental values were not statistically significant. None of the studied facial dimensions showed any significant correlation with any of the MCI measurements.

Conclusion: The faces of Syrian men were larger than those of Syrian women, but their MCIs had similar proportions and sizes. Facial height and width were not the appropriate parameters for determining MCI size for Syrians.
Development of an Injectable DNA Vaccine Against Aeromonas hydrophila Infection Nanoencapsulated With Poly(Lactic‐Co‐Glycolic) Acid (PLGA) in Common Carp
Authors: Alishahi Mojtaba , Lababian Hoda , Heidari Hadi , Tabandeh Mohammad Reza , Khosravi Mohammad
Published: October 2024

In this study, we developed an injectable DNA vaccine targeting the aopB gene of Aeromonas hydrophila, encapsulated within poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles, for use in common carp. Juvenile common carp were divided into six groups with three replicates each. Groups A and B received intramuscular injections of the plasmid containing the target gene (pCDNA3.1‐aopB) with or without encapsulation, respectively. Groups C and D received the plasmid lacking the target gene via the same route. Group E received PLGA, while Group F (control) received phosphate‐buffered saline. Sampling occurred on days 0, 30, and 60, and hematological and immunological indices were compared among the groups. On day 60, all groups were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila, and cumulative mortality rates were assessed. Our results indicated successful detection of the target gene in various tissues of vaccinated fish. Notably, vaccinated groups exhibited a significant decrease in cumulative mortality (p < 0.05). Immunological indices, such as serum antibody titer and nonspecific immune responses, significantly improved in vaccinated groups, particularly those receiving the DNA vaccine with PLGA encapsulation (p  < 0.05). Overall, the DNA vaccine, especially when nanoencapsulated with PLGA, demonstrated efficacy and immunogenicity against A. Hydrophila in common carp, suggesting its potential as a vaccination strategy against this infection. Further research could optimize its effectiveness and applicability.
Hepatic Duct Division During Robotic Living Donor Hepatectomy: A Comparison Between the Novel Triple C (Clip–Clamp–Cut) and the Cut–Suture Techniques
Authors: Soin Arvinder S. , Yadav Kamal S. , Valappil Fysal , Shetty Nikhitha , Bansal Raghav , Chaudhary Suchet , Gupta Ankur , Rastogi Amit , Bhangui Prashant
Published: October 2024

Background: In robotic donor hepatectomy (RDH), hepatic duct division (HDD) and its stump closure technique are of paramount importance in avoiding postoperative biliary complications in both donors and recipients. We describe our novel triple C (“clip–clamp–cut”) technique of HDD.

Methods: Out of 4016 living donor liver transplant (LDLT) (2004–October 2023), we have performed 208 RDH cases since December 2019. This study is a retrospective analysis of the first 160 RDH cases. After excluding the first 20 RDH cases (learning curve) and 3 left‐sided RDH cases, 137 cases with no exclusion criteria were included. We divided these 137 donors into the “cut and suture” (CS) group (n = 33) and the “triple C” technique group (n = 104). We compared intraoperative details and postoperative outcomes.

Results: All 137 robotic donors and 128/137 recipients are currently well. Donor biliary leak rate was significantly lower among the triple C group (n = 3, 2.9%) compared to the CS group (n = 5, 15.2%) (p = 0.009). No other differences in postdonation morbidity were observed among the two groups. Recipient biliary complication rate was lower in the triple C group than in the CS group although not statistically significant (10.6% vs. 15.1%; p = 0.537), despite more multiple biliary anastomoses in the former. No significant differences in post‐transplant recipient morbidity and mortality were observed.

Conclusions: Our simple yet novel triple C technique enables clean, precise, bloodless HDD resulting in lower donor and potentially recipient biliary complication rates. The ease and reproducibility make it ideal for widespread adoption.
Sutureless and Rapid Deployment Prosthesis in Redo‐Bentall Endocarditis
Authors: Nicolardi Salvatore , De Masi De Luca Gabriele , Mangia Federica , Greco Cosimo Angelo , Zaccaria Salvatore
Published: October 2024

Aortic valve replacement (AVR) in a patient with a bio‐Bentall conduit can be very challenging, especially if there was a previous endocarditis process for significant morbidity and mortality. We report a case of sutureless AVR in an old patient with a bio‐Bentall conduit (Carpentier–Edwards Perimount Magna Ease 25 aortic valve and Hemashield 30 aortic conduit), who developed an endocarditis on aortic prosthesis valve. We believe that sutureless AVR is the best option for redo‐operation in older patients with a high surgical risk because it allows for easy rapid deployment implantation, avoids anchoring sutures on a fragile aortic anulus, and reduces cardiopulmonary and aortic cross‐clamp times. In this setting, it should be considered as a safe and valid alternative not only to traditional prosthesis but also in selected cases to transcatheter valve‐in‐valve solutions.
Higher Risk of Proteinuria with Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab than Lenvatinib in First-Line Systemic Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Jiwon , Choi Won-Mook , Kim Hyung-Don , Choi Jonggi , Yoo Changhoon , Lee Danbi , Shim Ju Hyun , Kim Kang Mo , Lim Young-Suk , Lee Han Chu
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Proteinuria presents a challenging complication during systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aims to identify risk factors for proteinuria in patients with HCC treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atezo/Bev) or lenvatinib (LEN) as first-line systemic treatment. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 622 consecutive patients with unresectable HCC who received Atezo/Bev or LEN as first-line systemic treatment between October 2013 and October 2022. Cumulative incidence of proteinuria was estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves and compared using log-rank tests. Risk factors for proteinuria were identified using Cox proportional-hazard models, along with propensity score-matched and subgroup analyses. Results: Among 367 patients treated with Atezo/Bev and 255 with LEN, the cumulative incidence of proteinuria at 12 months was 27.5%. In the multivariable analysis, Atezo/Bev treatment (adjusted HR [aHR]: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.03–2.42), diabetes (aHR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.03–2.61), hypertension (aHR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.04–4.97), Child-Pugh class B (aHR: 3.43; 95% CI: 1.34–8.78), macrovascular invasion (MVI; aHR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.04–2.38), and an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (aHR: 3.21; 95% CI: 1.84–5.62) were identified as risk factors for proteinuria. A higher risk of proteinuria in Atezo/Bev patients compared with LEN was consistently observed in the PS-matched cohort, particularly pronounced in subgroups with MVI (HR: 2.84; 95% CI: 1.23–6.54) compared with those without MVI (HR: 1.31; 95% CI: 0.69–2.47). Conclusions: Patients treated with Atezo/Bev as first-line systemic treatment for HCC exhibited a higher risk of proteinuria compared with those with LEN, particularly when accompanied by MVI.
Postprandial Symptoms in a Mixed-Meal-Test after Bariatric Surgery: Clinical Experience and a Critical Review of Dumping Syndrome Definition and Management
Authors: Samigullin Azat , Weihrauch Julia , Otto Mirko , Rech Andrea , Buchenberger Sandra , Morcos Michael , Humpert Per M.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Despite recent attempts to reach a consensus on the diagnostic criteria and treatment of dumping syndrome (DS) after bariatric surgery, many questions about the clinical applicability and significance of standardized provocation tests remain unanswered. The objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate a mixed-meal-test (MMT) based on general nutritional recommendations after bariatric surgery and its clinical value in diagnosing DS. Methods: The MMT contained 15.5 g of protein, 10 g of fat, 20.7 g of carbohydrates, and 3.1 g of dietary fiber, totaling 241 kcal. Symptoms based on the Sigstad Score, along with blood sugar, hematocrit, pulse rate, and blood pressure, were collected as primary readouts. The analysis included 58 MMTs from 56 patients who reported postprandial symptoms indicative of DS and were referred to the clinic by surgeons or general practitioners. Results: Although all individuals reported significant symptoms at home, the MMT showed a positive symptom score (Sigstad Score ≥7) in only 16 cases (28%). Neither a heart rate increase >10 BPM nor the 3% hematocrit increase suggested as cut-offs for early DS by the consensus paper were associated with the Sigstad Score or individually reported symptoms. None of the participants had a postprandial glucose decrease below 50 mg/dL; one fell below 60 mg/dL and 14 fell below 70 mg/dL. A blood glucose decrease below 70 mg/dL was not associated with symptoms. Conclusion: The MMT showed that only a minority of patients reported classical DS symptoms under controlled conditions. Changes in hematocrit, heart rate, and blood sugar decrease below 70 mg/dL did not help to predict symptoms in the individuals studied. The data, in the context of existing evidence, suggest that provocation tests have little value in clinical practice and that DS as a clinical entity after bariatric surgery should be reevaluated.
TLR2 and NLRP3 Orchestrate Regulatory Roles in Escherichia coli Infection-Induced Septicemia in Mouse Models
Authors: Gong Zhiguo , Mao Wei , Zhao Jiamin , Ren Peipei , Yu Zhuoya , Bai Yunjie , Wang Chao , Liu Yuze , Feng Shuang , Hasi Surong
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a significant commensal gram-negative bacterium that can give rise to various diseases. The roles of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in sepsis induced by E. coli infection remain unclear. Methods: In vivo, we investigated differences in mortality, production of inflammatory mediators, organ damage, neutrophil count, and bacterial load during E. coli infection in C57BL/6J mice, as well as in mice deficient in TLR2 or NLRP3. In vitro, we investigated the impact of E. coli on the activation of TLR2 and NLRP3 in macrophages and the influence of TLR2 and NLRP3 on the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways and the secretion of inflammatory mediators in macrophages induced by E. coli infection. Results: TLR2-deficient (TLR2−/−) and NLRP3-deficient (NLRP3−/−) mice exhibit significantly increased mortality and organ damage after E. coli infection. These mice also show elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-10 in serum and peritoneal lavage fluid. Additionally, TLR2−/− and NLRP3−/− mice display heightened neutrophil recruitment and increased bacterial load in the blood. Furthermore, macrophages from these mice demonstrate a significant reduction in the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusion: TLR2 and NLRP3 play crucial roles in modulating inflammatory mediator expression, immune cell recruitment, and bactericidal activity, thereby preventing excessive tissue damage and reducing mortality in E. coli-induced sepsis.
Long-Term Outcome of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and High Risk of Stroke Treated with Oral Anticoagulation or Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion: A Cardinality Matched Analysis
Authors: Gilhofer Thomas , Bokemeyer Victoria , Schweiger Victor , Gehler Mario , Michel Jonathan , Chen Mi , Candreva Alessandro , Ryberg Linn , Templin Christian , Stähli Barbara , Stehli Julia , Gotschy Alexander , Jakob Philipp , Ruschitzka Frank , Aeschbacher Stefanie , Krisai Philipp , Bonati Leo H. , Haller Moa Lina , Rodondi Nicolas , Beer Juerg , Ammann Peter , Moschovitis Giorgio , Rigamonti Elia , Osswald Stefan , Conen David , Nietlispach Fabian , Binder Ronald Karl , Reichlin Tobias , Kühne Michael , Kasel Albert Markus
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) poses a significant risk of stroke. Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is an alternative for patients with contraindications to oral anticoagulation (OAC) or with high risk of bleeding. This study aims to compare the outcomes of LAAO versus conventional stroke prevention in high-risk AF-patients. Methods: This secondary analysis incorporates data from the prospective Swiss-AF and Beat-AF cohorts, and the Zurich LAAO Registry. Cardinality matching was performed to create two comparable cohorts: conventional treatment (92% OAC) and LAAO. The primary endpoint was a composite of stroke, cardiovascular (CV) death, and clinically relevant bleeding. Kaplan-Meier method with competing risk analysis was used. Results: Each group included 468 patients (age 76.4 [70.5, 82.0] years, 33% female). The LAAO group exhibited higher baseline bleeding risk (HAS BLED 2.0 [1.0–3.0] versus 3.0 [3.0–4.0]; p < 0.001). Median follow-up time: 6.0 (4.7–7.0) years in conventional treatment group and 4.0 (1.5–6.1) in LAAO group. No significant difference in the primary composite endpoint (HR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.72–1.06, p = 0.18), stroke risk (HR 1.14, 95% CI: 0.66–1.97, p = 0.64), or CV mortality (HR 1.08, 95% CI: 0.82–1.42, p = 0.60) was observed between groups. LAAO correlated with a significantly lower risk of clinically relevant bleeding (HR 0.61, 95% CI: 0.47–0.80, p < 0.001). Conclusion: In this cardinality matched analysis with long-term follow-up, LAAO showed similar stroke and CV death rates but lower clinically relevant bleeding risk compared to conventional therapy in high-risk AF-patients.
Reclassification of Urinary Cytology according to the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology Correlation with Histological Diagnosis
Authors: Kavas Gamze , Celik Betül
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS) was designed to provide precise diagnostic criteria when evaluating urine cytology and standardize the terminology used in reporting. In our study, we have aimed to determine the effect of TPS on the diagnostic performance of urine cytology, its impact on establishing appropriate risk stratification, and its effectiveness in the diagnosis and follow-up of the patients. Methods: We reevaluated 200 liquid-based urine cytologies with available histological diagnoses reported between 2015 and 2021 according to TPS criteria and compared them with the original cytological diagnoses. Area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of both methods were calculated and statistically analyzed to determine the diagnostic performance of the original reporting and TPS. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive, negative predictive, and diagnostic accuracy rates of TPS were 60%, 99.3%, 97.2%, 97.2%, 85.7%, and 87.2%, respectively. In TPS, the risk of malignancy for negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma, atypical urothelial cells, suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma, and high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) is 3.5%, 20.9%, 60.8%, 97.2%, respectively. In the original reporting, the corresponding risks were 13.4%, 15%, 52%, 100%, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed between diagnostic criteria of original cytology and TPS (p = 0.001). When the original reporting was compared with the TPS, the discriminative power of TPS in the diagnosis of HGUC was significantly higher (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The use of TPS provided a more accurate risk stratification of patients. The diagnostic performance of urine cytology was improved, especially for HGUC.
Splice Variant of Retinal G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Deletion-Mediated Dysregulation of Autophagy Increases the Susceptibility to Age-Related Macular Degeneration-Like Defects
Authors: Guo Yue , Xu Ningda , Yan Huichao , Li Jiarui , Huang Lvzhen , Zhu Li , Du Wei , Liu Zhiming , Zhao Mingwei
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The splice variant of retinal G-protein-coupled receptor deletion (RGR-d) is a persistent component of drusen and may be involved in the pathogenesis of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Increasing evidence has demonstrated the critical role of autophagy in AMD. In this study, we investigated whether RGR-d disrupts autophagy in early dry AMD in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Fundus imaging and fluoroscopy were performed on RGR-d mice created by multiplex gene editing. The retina microstructure was evaluated by performing hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Retinal function was assessed by full-field electroretinography (ERG). After lentivirus transfection and stimulation, the permeability, phagocytosis, and tight junctions of ARPE-19 cells were evaluated. Western blotting of ATG5, Beclin-1, LC3II/I, and P62 was performed to detect the changes in autophagy pathways. Results: Atrophy and patchy penetrating hyperfluorescent foci, consistent with early AMD-like defects, were observed in the fundus of 12-month-old RGR-d mice. H&E staining of retinal tissues indicated thinning of each layer of the retinal structure. H&E staining of retinal tissues indicated thinning of each layer of the retinal structure. TEM analysis showed some diffuse granular deposits. And the morphology of choroidal microvascular endothelial cells was degraded and distorted. The morphology of the photoreceptor outer segments showed structural damage, and Bruch’s membrane was thickened. ERG indicated that the photoreceptor of RGR-d mice were dysfunctional. Changes in autophagy-related protein expression were observed in the retinal pigment epithelium and retinal neurepithelium, and autophagy regulation was decreased. Palmitic acid (PA) stimulation caused permeability, phagocytosis, and tight junction dysfunction in cells overexpressing RGR-d. Beclin-1 and LC3II/I expression levels were significantly decreased and that of P62 was elevated in RGR-d cells after PA stimulation. Conclusion: RGR-d disrupts the autophagy pathway, causing the development of an early AMD-like pathophysiology.
Residual Red Blood Cell Volume in Extracorporeal Blood Circuit after Hemodialysis: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Hong Sae-Yong , Beck Nam-Seon , Lee Jong-Ran , Jeon Eun-Kyoung , Kim So-Min , Park Sol-Rim , Park Ok-Ju , Hong Jungrak , Im Joung-Il
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The factors contributing to blood loss during hemodialysis (HD) procedures remain underexplored. This study aimed to quantify blood loss during HD and identify the potential factors associated with it. Methods: The study included 70 ESRD patients undergoing HD. After dialysis, the extracorporeal blood circuits were rinsed with 1,000 mL of 0.05% NH3 solution in distilled water, and hemoglobin levels were measured. Univariate regression was used to assess the linear relationship between residual red blood cell (RBC) volume and various parameters, including HD mode, dialyzer surface area, ultrafiltration goal, hypotension during HD, blood flow rate, activated partial thromboplastin time, and C-reactive protein. Multivariate regression was also conducted to explore the relationships among these parameters. Results: The mean RBC volume remaining in the extracorporeal blood circuit after HD was 1.6 ± 0.9 mL (mode: 1.0, range: 0.3–6.5 mL). When converted to whole blood volume per patient, the mean blood volume was 5.3 ± 3.0 mL (median: 4.1 mL, mode: 4.0 mL, range: 1.0–19.0 mL). Multivariate analysis identified the dialyzer surface area as the only significant determinant of residual RBC volume. Conclusion: After HD, the remaining RBC volume in the extracorporeal blood circuit varies from 1.6 to 6.5 mL. When the RBC volume was converted to whole blood volume for each case, the blood loss ranged from 1.0 to 19.0 mL. Dialyzer surface area was the only significant determinant of residual RBC volume.
An Experimental Device with Different Widths for Wound Healing Assay
Authors: Jia Wen , Du Junbao , He Yun , Fang Shuyu , Bi Yang
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Cellular wound healing assay is an important experimental technique for detecting cell migration in vitro. Scratching on monolayer cells using a pipette tip is commonly used. However, it is difficult to guarantee the scratch with the same width, and the initial scratch width has a large impact on the experimental results for different treatment factors or different cell types. To optimize this assay for diverse experimental requirements, we developed an experimental device capable of generating scratches with variable widths. Methods: Our device offers the flexibility of selecting among four widths to create cell scratches, enabling the choice of an optimal initial scratch width for specific cell types and experimental conditions. Results: This device produced straight, clean wounds with precise widths. Comparing cell growth in the four width wounds, Hepa1-6 and HUMSCs showed the greatest difference in 0.6 cm wound, 143B at 0.9 cm wound and urine-derived stem cells at 1.2 cm wound were significantly different, which suggests that the width of the wounds has a huge impact on the experimental results. Compared to other wound inserts on the market, our device is more efficient and economical. Conclusion: This versatile and practical device provides a valuable solution for studying cell migration, facilitating a deeper understanding of cellular behaviors and the development of therapeutic strategies.
Predictive Value of Serum Hepcidin Levels for the Risk of Incident End-Stage Kidney Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: The KNOW-CKD
Authors: Suh Sang Heon , Oh Tae Ryom , Choi Hong Sang , Kim Chang Seong , Bae Eun Hui , Ma Seong Kwon , Oh Kook-Hwan , Lee Kyu-Beck , Jung Ji Yong , Kim Soo Wan ,   Korean Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD) Investigators
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Despite the pivotal role of hepcidin in the development of anemia among the patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the association between serum hepcidin levels and CKD progression has been never investigated. We here hypothesized that elevation in serum hepcidin levels might be associated with the risk of incident end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) among the patients with pre-dialysis CKD. Methods: A total of 2,109 patients with pre-dialysis CKD at stages 1 to pre-dialysis 5 were categorized into the quartiles by serum hepcidin levels. The study outcome was incident ESKD. The median duration of follow-up was 7.9 years. Results: The analysis of the baseline characteristics revealed that unfavorable clinical features were in general associated with higher serum hepcidin levels. The cumulative incidence of ESKD was significantly differed by serum hepcidin levels, with the highest incidence in the 4th quartile (p < 0.001, by log-rank test). Cox regression analysis demonstrated that, compared to the 1st quartile, the risk of incident ESKD is significantly increased in the 4th quartile (adjusted hazard ratio 1.372, 95% confidence interval 1.070–1.759). Penalized spline curve analysis illustrated a linear, positive correlation between serum hepcidin levels and the risk of incident ESKD. Subgroup analyses revealed that the association is significantly more prominent in the patients with advanced CKD (i.e., estimated glomerular filtration rate <45 mL/min/1.73 m2). Conclusion: Elevation in serum hepcidin levels is significantly associated with the risk of incident ESKD among the patients with pre-dialysis CKD.
Distribuição espacial e características clínico epidemiológicas dos casos de síndrome respiratória aguda grave por covid-19 no Brasil: estudo das duas primeiras ondas
Authors: Silva Janiel Conceição da , Brito Paula dos Santos , Sousa Giana Gislanne da Silva de , Bezerra Janaína  Miranda , Pascoal Lívia Maia , Costa Ana Cristina Pereira de Jesus , Santos Floriacy Stabnow , Santos Neto Marcelino
Published: October 2024

The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the COVID-19 etiological agent, has been established as a challenge for health systems and can present as Flu Syndrome (FS) or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). This work was aimed at describing the clinical epidemiological profile of SARS cases due to COVID-19 and the spatial distribution of the incidence among the Federative Units of Brazil (FU) in the first two waves. This is a descriptive and ecological study, with the FU as settings. The data collected are related to SARS cases due to COVID-19, with a time frame between March 2020 and June 2021. The sociodemographic and clinical-epidemiological variables were selected with their respective absolute and relative values. The spatial distribution of incidence was determined to identify the presence of spatial autocorrelation in the first two waves. A total of 613,324 SARS cases due to COVID-19 were reported, most were related to males, aged>60 years, typified as non-nosocomial and with a healing outcome; signs and symptoms were: cough,fever, dyspnea, and at least presence of one comorbidity. The average incidence in the countrywas 286.85 cases/100,000 inhabitants, while the Moran Index showed statistical significance I=0.329 (p value<0.001), with global spatial autocorrelation of the incidence in the second wave. The distribution was heterogeneous. These results constitute subsidies for management in health systems and services regarding the strategic implementation for the control and clinical management of this disease.
Demanda por serviços de saúde durante a pandemia de Covid-19: estudos de base populacional
Authors: Schäfer Antônio Augusto , Quadra Micaela Rabelo , Soratto Jacks , Eugênio Fernanda Daminelli , Mendes João Vítor Santana , Meller Fernanda Oliveira
Published: October 2024

Objective: To evaluate the demand for health services during the Covid-19 pandemic and its associated factors. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in two cities in southern Brazil: Criciúma, in the state of Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The study included individuals aged 18 years and older residing in urban areas of these municipalities. Participants self-reported their health service utilization and the type of service sought. Sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related variables were examined as exposures. Poisson regression was used to analyze the adjusted associationsbetween service demand and exposure variables. Results were presented as prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: A total of 2,167 individuals were analyzed. Approximately 25% of participants reported experiencing at least one Covid-19-related symptom. Among these, 51.3% soughthealth services, with Basic Health Units being the most frequently sought (46.7%). Health service demand was higher among individuals aged 50 to 59 years (PR=1.60; 95% CI 1.18, 2.17), those with higher education (PR=1.52; 95% CI 1.13, 2.03), those who engaged in physical activity (PR=1.29; 95% CI 1.07, 1.59), and those who had contact with someone who tested positive for Covid-19 (PR=1.76; 95% CI 1.40, 2.21). Conclusion: The results highlight two distinct population groups: those with greater exposureto Covid-19 and those more attentive to health care. Additionally, the Basic Health Unit was the most sought-after service, underscoring the importance of Primary Care and the Unified Health System in addressing the pandemic in Brazil.
Hipertensão arterial resistente: um desafio diagnóstico
Authors: Santos Gabriele Paiva , Clímaco Maycon Valiense , Menezes Carlos Alberto
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Primary hyperaldosteronism is a leading cause of secondary arterial hypertension, affecting approximately 10% to 20% of the hypertensive population worldwide and in Brazil. This condition involves excessive aldosterone production due to factors such as adrenal adenoma, hyperplasia, or, less commonly, adrenal carcinoma and familial hyperaldosteronism. This study reports a case of resistant hypertension secondary to aldosterone-producing adenoma. Clinical Case: A 70-year-old male patient presented with episodes of dizziness, syncope, cramps, and asthenia. His medical history included resistant hypertension for over 30 years, despite treatment with five classes of antihypertensive medications. Additionally, he had a history of dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-dialysis chronic renal failure, and obstructive coronary arterydisease. Physical examination showed a BMI of 29 kg/m² (overweight), mean blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg (right arm) and 150/100 mmHg (left arm), and palpable nodules in both thyroid lobes, classified as Bethesda V based on aspiration cytopathology. Subsequently, he underwent total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection. Laboratory tests revealed high plasma aldosterone levels with suppressed renin and an elevated aldosterone-renin ratio, raising suspicion of primary hyperaldosteronism. This diagnosis was confirmed by a computed tomography scan, which identified a 1.2 cm nodule in the right adrenal gland consistent with an adenoma. The patient underwent unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Two years post-surgery, the patient’s blood pressure was well-controlled with three antihypertensive medications, and his blood sugar, aldosterone, and renin levels were normal. Discussion and Conclusion: Most patients undergoing unilateral adrenalectomy for aldosterone-producing adenomas experience significant clinical improvement. Early screening and diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism are crucial for effective management, reducing the risk of complications in the cardiovascular and renal systems.
Frantz Fanon: a violência colonial e a resistência intelectual a partir do documentário Concerning Violence
Authors: Cá Ricardo Aguinelo Aquixinco Gomes
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo analisa o papel do intelectual argelino, Frantz Fanon na defesa da revolução africana, investigando a sua contribuição nos processos históricos coloniais e nas práticas de resistência negra. Considerada como crítica ao abandono social daqueles que lutaram e sonharam com a igualdade de oportunidades no pós-colonialismo, a escrita de Fanon busca dar voz a todos os excluídos no processo da legitimação do racismo em sua dimensão de violência e de desigualdade estrutural. O estudo também contemplará a questão das diásporas negras no contexto pós-colonial, privilegiando uma literatura produzida do ponto de vista dos intelectuais negros, alguns deles conhecidos e referenciados nos estudos raciais brasileiros.  Como referencial teórico o artigo dialoga, entre outros, com Frantz Fanon ([1961] 2010), em suas reflexões sobre os vícios coloniais na formação nacional; Bell Hooks (2019), Leila Gonzalez (1984) e Sueli Carneiro (2011), em suas reflexões sobre problema da população negra, bem como, nas suas ideologias do branqueamento e seus efeitos na exposição do corpo negro, geralmente sendo discriminada pelo racismo.
Pediatric High Blood Pressure Recognition Associated With Electronic Decision Support: A Cohort Analysis
Authors: Zachariah Justin P. , Singh Tavleen , Collinson Shannon , Rahman Justin , Acosta Alisa A. , Campbell Jessica F. , Hoang Mary , Sigler Katharine E. , Onugha Elizabeth A. , Shah Shweta S. , Sexson-Tejtel S. Kristen , Farrior Mark , Watson Scott
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Pediatric high blood pressure (BP) predicts future cardiovascular disease events. High BP is improperly measured, underrecognized, and undermanaged especially in disadvantaged populations. In a large, diverse, academic pediatric practice, we detail the associations of a comprehensive initiative with high BP provider recognition.

METHODS:

A comprehensive BP initiative was promulgated including (1) retraining providers and staff on BP management; (2) deploying equipment at 55+ sites; and (3) electronic decision support tool alerting staff and clinicians and suggesting management. During the 14-month preintervention and 14-month postintervention periods, data on BP and patient characteristics were collected. The outcome was incident BP recognition defined as any of the following: BP-specific
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision
, diagnosis; problem list entry; specialty referral; diagnostic testing; repeat visit; or antihypertensives. Dichotomized as under versus at or over 13 years of age, analyses utilized interrupted time series and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression.

RESULTS:

From preintervention (children, n=105 674; adolescents, n=54 365) to postintervention (children, n=87 917; adolescents, n=56 470), the proportion measured with high BP declined in children and adolescents (30% versus 14% and 30% versus 15%, respectively, each
P
<0.001). Post-intervention, high BP provider recognition was 58% higher in children (4.6%–7.3%) and 43% higher in adolescents (7.9% versus 11.3%;
P
<0.001 for both). The improvement was not different in disadvantaged race, ethnicity, or zip codes.

CONCLUSIONS:

A comprehensive BP initiative was associated with more appropriate high BP measurement and recognition including in disadvantaged populations. Future work may address the low overall and nonsustained recognition and consideration of electronic decision support for pediatric BP management and mitigating disparities.
A fronto-insular network underlies individual variations in anger
expression and control
Authors: Grecucci Alessandro , Graci Francesca , Munari Ellyson , Yi Xiaoping , Salvato Gerardo , Messina Irene
Published: October 2024

Anger can be deconstructed into distinct components: a tendency to outwardly express it (anger-out) and the capability to manage it (anger control). These aspects exhibit individual differences that vary across a continuum. Notably, the capacity to express and control anger is of great importance to modulate our reactions in interpersonal situations. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that anger expression and control are negatively correlated and that both can be decoded by the same patterns of grey and white matter features of a fronto-temporal brain network. To this aim, a data fusion unsupervised machine learning technique, known as transposed Independent Vector Analysis (tIVA), was used to decompose the brain into covarying GM–WM networks and then backward regression was used to predict both anger expression and control from a sample of 212 healthy subjects. Confirming our hypothesis, results showed that anger control and anger expression are negatively correlated, the more individuals control anger, the less they externalize it. At the neural level, individual differences in anger expression and control can be predicted by the same GM–WM network. As expected, this network included lateral and medial frontal regions, the insula, temporal regions, and the precuneus. The higher the concentration of GM–WM in this brain network, the higher the level of externalization of anger, and the lower the anger control. These results expand previous findings regarding the neural bases of anger by showing that individual differences in anger control and expression can be predicted by morphometric features.
How Not to Square the Left Vienna Circle’s Non-Cognitivism with its Political Commitment
Authors: Uebel Thomas
Published: October 2024

This paper contextualizes and criticizes a recent attempt to square the socio-political commitment of the members of the so-called left wing of the Vienna Circle with the ethical non-cognitivism that follows from their conception of cognitive meaningfulness. It is shown that intolerable consequences result from the moral-political reading of the “scientific world-conception” proposed and it is argued that squaring their commitment and non-cognitivism does not require such a reading. It is also pointed out how deleterious consequences are avoided by an already existent reconstruction of the left wing’s position which was misunderstood by the author criticized and which is briefly recollected.
Addressing Qurʾan 4:34: Muslim Feminists’ Hermeneutics vs. Mahmoud Muhammad Taha’s Hermeneutics
Authors: Saleem Zainab
Published: October 2024

How to approach the Qurʾan to say ‘no’ to Q.4:34? This article explores the question by analyzing and evaluating the approaches to the Qurʾan by Muslim feminists and the Sudanese Sufi scholar, Mahmoud Muhammad Taha (d. 1985). The article argues that Taha’s hermeneutical approach to the Qurʾan which categorizes the ethical verses in the Qurʾan as universal and the legal verses in the Qurʾan as historical, provides a coherent framework for saying ‘no’ to this verse. On the other hand, Muslim feminists, such as Amina Wadud, Asma Barlas and Riffat Hassan, approach the Qurʾan by way of reinterpreting those verses in the Qurʾan which have a literal meaning reflecting gender inequality. These feminists reinterpret these verses considering the overall ethical worldview of the Qur’an and the ethical verses which contain notions of equality and justice. However, in the reinterpretation of these verses considering the ethical worldview, these feminists, in our view, rather end up misinterpreting the Qurʾan.
Sargūn Būluṣ: Writing Iraq baʿd al-qiyāmah
Authors: Antoon Sinan
Published: October 2024

This paper explores how the poetry of the late Iraqi poet, Sargūn Būluṣ (1944–2007), responds to the material and epistemic violence inflicted on Iraq and Iraqis in recent decades. While Būluṣ was vehemently against podium poetry, he was never detached from politics. He believed that poetry could shelter the voices of those displaced and wounded by history. By reading several representative poems, this paper identifies the configuration of the aesthetic and the political in his poetic discourse. It explores the following questions: What are the strategies and tropes the poet deploys to mark and mourn the destruction and disintegration of a home/land? How does he do so without eliding the foundational violence of the nation-state or resorting to nationalisms? Which of the many Iraqs, real and imagined, does Būluṣ mourn, and how does he excavate the country’s history?
Hebrew Panegyric of the Late Middle Ages: Shemaryah, Son of Elijah, and His Praise Poems
Authors: Dönitz Saskia
Published: October 2024

Late medieval Byzantine Hebrew poetry unfortunately belongs to a rather neglected field of Hebrew poetry. Only a few authors have been studied in-depth. This article will examine the poetic work of the fourteenth century exegete and philosopher Shemaryah son of Elijah who produced panegyrics and liturgical poetry alongside exegetical and philosophical writings. Shemaryah’s panegyric pieces were dedicated to the leader of the Jews in Egypt and the grandson of Maimonides, David ha-Nagid. Although spending most of his life in Negroponte or Chalkis on the island of Euboea, Shemaryah was in contact with leading figures of Egyptian Jewry around 1300 as well as with the Angevin King Robert of Anjou in Naples in the 1330s. These contacts to the east and to the west reflect Byzantium’s role as a cultural hub between Europe and the Middle East.
Is Reason Lost in Reasoning?
Authors: Locatelli Carla
Published: October 2024

This essay explores the interface between Beckett and Italian Weak Thought. To do so, it develops an innovative hermeneutical practice, which proposes that their relation is not thematic or philological, but rather ‘co(n)textual.’ Their texts are determined by implied co-texts, and determine a shared con-text. The essay argues that Beckett and Weak Thought co(n)texts articulate a shared critique of absolutist reason. However, they maintain that metaphysics and logocentrism cannot be completely avoided. Thus, both Beckett and Weak Thought articulate the ethical imperative of beckoning towards new ways of a rhetorical dissolution of literature (Beckett), and the distortion of traditional metaphysics (Weak Thought).
“Abiding there Unliving”
Authors: Carville Conor
Published: October 2024

Giorgio Agamben’s Homo Sacer proposes that the public display of power over life and death that Foucault restricts to the 18th century were not displaced by the new disciplinary structures associated with the hospital and the asylum, but remained contemporary with them. This notion of the simultaneity of surveillance and spectacle can be helpful in thinking about Beckett’s novel The Unnamable. Agamben’s work can also demonstrate the centrality of the character of Worm. In this way the broader notion of biopolitics can usefully illuminate the historical and political contexts of the book.