bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes of the agrochemical soil characteristics in the stone fruit orchard with the permanent application of nitrogen and potash fertilizers
Authors: Roeva Tatyana , Leonicheva Elena , Leonteva Larisa
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the research was to evaluate the changes in the agrochemical properties of the sour cherry orchard soil after the permanent soil fertilization with urea and potassium sulfate. The field experiment was conducted during 2017-2021 in the soil and climatic conditions of the Central Russian Upland (Oryol region). ‘Turgenevka’ sour cherry trees grafted on the rootstock V-2-180 were planted in 2015 at a distance of 5x3 m. The soil of the orchard is loamy Haplic Luvisol with the following parameters: pHKCl- 5.8, organic matter content - 2.8%, available phosphorus - 383 mg/kg, exchange potassium -120 mg/kg, alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen - 108 mg/kg. Experimental scheme: 1. Control (no fertilizers); 2. N30К40; 3. N60К80; 4. N90K120; 5. N120K160. Fertilizers were applied once a year in early spring. The annual use of fertilizers in N90K120 dose or more contributed to an increase in the reserves of mobile phosphorus, exchange potassium, and alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen in the orchard soil, but did not have a stable effect on the tree productivity. At the same time, there was an increase of soil acidity and loss of exchange calcium under the influence of fertilizers, which indicates the beginning of degradation processes.
Das O-arm-System
Authors: Mohamed Lava
Published: June 2022

Der OP der Zukunft ist digitalisiert und robotergestützt, zum Einsatz kommen vermehrt hochkomplexe Geräte – beispielsweise der O-arm. Wie dieses mobile, intraoperative Bildgebungssystem mit angegliederter Navigation funktioniert und wie es in den OP-Alltag integriert werden kann, schildert unsere Autorin.
Tai-Chi-Chuan bei Parkinson
Authors: Schroeteler Frauke
Published: June 2022

Parkinson-Patienten sind einem erhöhtem Sturzrisiko ausgesetzt. Innerhalb
der motorischen Therapien werden deshalb Wege gesucht, motorische Leistungen zu
steigern und Sturzereignisse zu reduzieren. Studien zu Tai-Chi-Chuan und
Parkinson zeigen, dass es neben der symptomfokussierenden Physiotherapie einen
signifikanten Beitrag dazu leisten kann.
Musiktherapie in der Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Mainka Stefan
Published: June 2022

Musiktherapeutische Interventionen sind in den letzten Jahren immer stärker in den Blickpunkt der multidisziplinären Versorgung in der Neurorehabilitation gelangt. Dabei hat sich die Musiktherapie insbesondere in den stationären Einrichtungen der Neurorehabilitation zu einem professionellen und wissenschaftlich fundierten Therapieverfahren entwickelt.
Gruppendynamische Potenziale der Kunsttherapie im Spiegel von
Interaktion und Resonanz
Authors: Schulze-Stampa Constanze
Published: June 2022

Bildnerisch-künstlerisches Gestalten kann grundsätzlich als
erlebnis-, erfahrungs- und ressourcenorientiert angesehen werden. Die kreative
Erprobung verschiedener Material- und Gestaltungsangebote fördert die
Selbstregulation. In der Gruppe können weitere kommunikative Prozesse
auf verbaler, nonverbaler und künstlerischer Ebene angeregt werden.
Patient*innen treten weniger mit ihren Erkrankungen und damit
verbundenen Konstruktionen, sondern als aktiv Gestaltende mit ihren
individuellen und biografisch sozial eingebundenen Lebensgeschichten,
Wahrnehmungen und Kommunikationsweisen hervor.
A Novel and Practical Synthesis of Tryptanthrin
Authors: Feng Yisi , He Yong , Chen Shiyun , Gao Yonghao , Gui Shuangying
Published: June 2022

Tryptanthrin was synthesized through a two-step reaction of oxidation and condensation in a one-pot method, with isatin and sodium hypochlorite as starting materials. The influence of sodium hypochlorite, acetonitrile dosage, oxidation reaction temperature, and reaction time on the yield of the target product during the reaction was investigated. The following optimal reaction conditions were obtained: the ratio of n (isatin) to n (sodium hypochlorite) was 2:1, and the reaction time was 6–8 hours at room temperature. The structure of tryptanthrin was confirmed by matching the IR, NMR, and mass data with the literature report. The study shows that the chemical reaction route designed in this report is short, with high yield and purity of the target product. Its low production cost and simple operation method are expected to be applicable to industrial production.
Obesity and COVID-19: What are the Consequences?
Authors: Steenblock Charlotte , Hassanein Mohamed , Khan Emran G. , Yaman Mohamad , Kamel Margrit , Barbir Mahmoud , Lorke Dietrich E. , Everett Dean , Bejtullah Saqipi , Lohmann Tobias , Lindner Uwe , Tahirukaj Ermal , Jirjees Feras Jassim , Soliman Sameh S.M. , Quitter Friederike , Bornstein Stefan R.
Published: June 2022

Obesity is an increasing health problem all over the world. In combination with the current COVID-19 pandemic, this has turned into a massive challenge as individuals with overweight and obesity at all ages show a significant increase in their risk of getting severe COVID-19. Around 20% of all patients that were hospitalized for COVID-19 suffered from obesity alone, whereas obesity in combination with other metabolic comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension, account for up to 60% of all hospitalizations in relation to COVID-19. Therefore, it is of immense importance to put the spotlight on the high incidence of obesity present already in childhood both by changing the individual minds and by encouraging politicians and the whole society to commence preventive interventions for achieving a better nutrition for all social classes all over the world. In the current review, we aim to explain the different pathways and mechanisms that are responsible for the increased risk of severe COVID-19 in people with overweight and obesity. Furthermore, we discuss how the pandemic has led to weight gains in many people during lockdown. At the end, we discuss the importance of preventing such an interface between a non-communicable disease like obesity and a communicable disease like COVID-19 in the future.
Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Coumarin-Fused Cyclopentanones via a Nucleophilic Phosphine Controlled Cascade Reaction
Authors: Huang Qi , Fu Junfeng , Han Xiaoyu , Chang Zhixin , Gan Wenhao , Wang Yongjiang
Published: June 2022

A phosphine-promoted intermolecular annulation reaction of functionalized 3-benzoyl coumarin with alkynone has been disclosed. This reaction was found to be highly dependent on the nucleophilicity of the phosphine. Two classes of coumarin-fused cyclopentanones were selectively afforded in moderate to good yields with excellent diastereoselectivities under the mild reaction conditions.
Reoperações e resultados radiográficos de médio prazo do uso de cone de metal trabecular de tântalo nas artroplastias do joelho
Authors: Minamoto Sandra Tie Nishibe , Silva Luís Felipe Tupinambá da , Faria José Leonardo Rocha de , Cobra Hugo Alexandre de Araujo Barros , Palma Idemar Monteiro da , Mozella Alan de Paula
Published: June 2022

Objetivo O manejo da perda óssea representa um grande desafio em cirurgias de revisão de artroplastia do joelho (rATJ) e em artroplastias totais do joelho (ATJ) primárias complexas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os resultados em médio prazo (seguimento mínimo de 5 anos) das reconstruções de joelho nas quais cones de metal trabecular (MT) de tântalo foram utilizados para tratamento de defeitos ósseos tipos 2 e 3, de acordo com a classificação proposta pela Anderson Orthopaedic Research Institute (AORI).

Métodos Feita análise retrospectiva dos prontuários dos pacientes operados entre julho de 2008 e novembro de 2014, coletando-se os seguintes dados: idade, gênero, lateralidade, índice de massa corporal, etiologia da artrose, comorbidade, classificação AORI da falha óssea, causa da revisão da artroplastia total do joelho, reinternações, reoperações, complicações peri- e pós-operatórias, ocorrência de osteointegração radiográfica e manutenção da função de suporte do MT.

Resultados Foram avaliados 11 pacientes com tempo médio de seguimento de 7,28 anos (desvio padrão [DP] = 1,88; variação = 5,12–10 anos), sendo que 1 paciente foi submetido a artroplastia primária, 6 a artroplastia de revisão e 4 a segunda revisão de artroplastia (re-revisão). Três pacientes necessitaram de quatro reoperações devido a complicações com a ferida operatória, a lesão do mecanismo extensor e a soltura do componente femoral. Sinais de osteointegração dos cones trabeculados foram observados em todos os pacientes. Não observamos migração do cone de MT ou dos componentes protéticos.

Conclusão Os cones metafisários de tântalo foram capazes de prover suporte estrutural eficiente aos implantes protéticos com sinais radiográficos de osteointegração em médio prazo.
Fixação anterior transarticular C1-C2 para o tratamento de luxação traumática atlantoaxial: Um caso clínico
Authors: Ribeiro Paulo Gil , Fernandes Francisco , Costa Paulo , Quintas Ana Catarina , Lourenço Paulo , Moura Diogo Lino
Published: June 2022

As fraturas da apófise odontoide são uma das lesões mais frequentes na população idosa, e um problema cada vez mais preponderante com o envelhecimento progressivo da população mundial.

Neste trabalho, apresentamos um caso clínico de um doente do gênero masculino, de 88 anos, que sofreu uma queda da qual decorreu uma fratura da apófise odontoide de tipo II de Anderson-D'Alonzo. Dada a idade e suas comorbilidades, optou-se por realizar a osteossíntese da fratura por meio da fixação anterior com parafuso transarticular em combinação com a fixação com parafuso à odontoide.

Esta técnica que permite a estabilidade necessária para a consolidação da fratura da apófise odontoide de tipo II de Anderson-D'Alonzo, com a vantagem das menores disseção da musculatura extensora cervical e hemorragia decorrente desta agressão quando comparada com a abordagem posterior, sendo uma técnica à disposição e que acarreta benefícios claros no tratamento desta patologia na população geriátrica.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of Clinical Dental Students in the Oral Care of HIV/AIDS Patients
Authors: Taqiyuddin Naufal , Mahdani Fatma Yasmin , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro , Rizka Amalia , Azzaim Yassir Ahmad
Published: June 2022

Introduction In the future, clinical dental students, as health service providers, will play a key role in the oral care of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients. Clinical dental students need to increase their knowledge of HIV because it is vital for the diagnosis and management of HIV/AIDS patients that they have a positive attitude regarding oral care behavior toward HIV/AIDS patients. This study aims to explain the relationship between the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of clinical dental students in the oral care of HIV/AIDS patients at Airlangga University Dental Hospital.

Materials and Methods This study used a cross-sectional approach with a sample of 132 respondents. The sample was taken by purposive sampling technique. The independent variable in this study was the attitudes and behavior of clinical dental students toward the care of HIV/AIDS patients. The dependent variable in this study was the knowledge and attitudes of clinical dental students toward the oral care of HIV/AIDS patients. The research data obtained were analyzed using Spearman's rho at ≤0.05.

Result There was significant correlation between knowledge and attitudes (p = 0.001, r = 0.596); knowledge and behavior (p = 0.001, r = 0.637); attitudes and behavior (p = 0.001, r = 0.699) of dentistry students in the care of HIV/AIDS patients oral cavity.

Conclusion Clinical dental students' knowledge of HIV/AIDS will influence their attitudes toward HIV/AIDS patients and their behavior in the oral care of HIV/AIDS. It is hoped that future research can be conducted by adding other independent variables to determine a wider range of factors that affect oral care in HIV/AIDS patients.
Compression response and shock-wave behavior of liquid nitrogen caused by energy injection in an enclosed pipeline
Authors: Zhou Zhihao , Jing Liwei , Qiu Qingquan , Song Naihao , Teng Yuping , Zhang Jingye , Zhang Guomin , Xiao Liye
Published: June 2022

In a cryogenic liquid medium, shock waves will be formed by the expansion of compressed gas that has been vaporized due to the injection of a large amount of energy. This may severely threaten the reliability of high-Tc superconducting (HTS) apparatus. Several studies have documented the destructive forces of evaporating nitrogen produced by arc energy. However, the properties of and propagation mechanisms relating to pressure waves in liquid nitrogen have yet to be understood. The aim of this study was to clarify the evolution of pressure waves within an enclosed pipeline and reveal the effects of several factors such as the pipe size and the injected energy on the shock-wave impact using explosion dynamics simulations. The results provide evidence for the strengthening of shock waves due to multiple reflection and superposition. In addition, analysis of the pressure impulse and effective strain reveals that, in the case of moderate injected energy, the overall shape of the inside wall of the pipe will remain unchanged except at the points closest to the explosion center; in contrast, the ends of the pipeline may suffer from more severe deformation. Finally, the calculations suggest that the shock-wave impact increases almost linearly with the injected energy, and in logarithmic coordinates, the pressure is inversely proportional to the explosion distance. These findings provide a better understanding of the characteristics and propagation patterns of shock waves in liquid nitrogen, and they lay a foundation for evaluating the safety of HTS cables and energy pipelines.
Investigation of alkali vapor diffusion characteristics through microchannels
Authors: Chen Yu-Chi , Fang Shao-Cheng , Lin Hsiu-Hsuan , Dong Jing-Wu , Chen Yi-Hsin
Published: June 2022

We present Rb vapor transport through micro-scale capillaries on the impact of temperature and capillary inner diameters within the limits of the Knudsen number Kn≫1. Daily absorption spectral measurements were taken over several months to evaluate the dynamics of transport. We provide new insight into the diffusion mechanism and observe a quasi-single-layer coating on the surface based on the analysis of a slowly increasing absorption signal. The dwell time of the atom on the glass is directly derived from the diffusion dynamics at different temperatures. According to the mass flow rate, high vapor temperatures caused a faster transport speed, indicating rapid loading in microchannels. We provide a valuable model for future quantum device implementation through the use of miniaturized structures, such as photonic crystal fibers and optical waveguides.
Liquid–liquid criticality in the WAIL water model
Authors: Weis Jack , Sciortino Francesco , Panagiotopoulos Athanassios Z. , Debenedetti Pablo G.
Published: June 2022

The hypothesis that the anomalous behavior of liquid water is related to the existence of a second critical point in deeply supercooled states has long been the subject of intense debate. Recent, sophisticated experiments designed to observe the transformation between the two subcritical liquids on nano- and microsecond time scales, along with demanding numerical simulations based on classical (rigid) models parameterized to reproduce thermodynamic properties of water, have provided support to this hypothesis. A stronger numerical proof requires demonstrating that the critical point, which occurs at temperatures and pressures far from those at which the models were optimized, is robust with respect to model parameterization, specifically with respect to incorporating additional physical effects. Here, we show that a liquid–liquid critical point can be rigorously located also in the WAIL model of water [Pinnick et al., J. Chem. Phys. 137, 014510 (2012)], a model parameterized using ab initio calculations only. The model incorporates two features not present in many previously studied water models: It is both flexible and polarizable, properties which can significantly influence the phase behavior of water. The observation of the critical point in a model in which the water–water interaction is estimated using only quantum ab initio calculations provides strong support to the viewpoint according to which the existence of two distinct liquids is a robust feature in the free energy landscape of supercooled water.
Exploring the pedagogical use of the rating scale for functional adequacy in L1 writing instruction
Authors: Nuzzo Elena , Bove Giuseppe
Published: June 2022

This study aims to investigate whether a short training, during which a group of native Italian university students used the scale for Functional Adequacy (FA) developed by Kuiken and Vedder (2017) to assess texts written by their peers and their own texts, lead them to improve their L1 writing skills. The participants were assigned to an experimental (N = 15) and a control group (N = 15). A pre-test / treatment / post-test design was adopted. Results showed that the participants in the experimental condition benefited from the instructional treatment, but the gains they had in comparison to the control group were not statistically significant.
Holistic and analytic assessment of functional adequacy
Authors: Pallotti Gabriele
Published: June 2022

This study looks at the correlation between functional adequacy (FA), holistically assessed, and analytic linguistic measures, in a corpus of texts written by Italian monolingual and multilingual primary school pupils. Texts were first evaluated using the FA rating scales by Kuiken and Vedder (2017,2018), plus one for Coherence & Cohesion from the CEFR (Council of Europe, 2001′). They were then coded for a number of features directly bearing on FA and its subdimensions. Results show correlations between holistic scores and analytic measures, such as those between Content and the number of words or secondary idea units (r = .59 / .65). Others were less strong, yet going in the expected direction, e.g. more ambiguous referential expressions were negatively correlated to Comprehensibility. Correlations were generally stronger for monolingual than for multilingual children.
0.1C–11Mn medium manganese steel treated by quenching and tempering process
Authors: Zhao Yan , Yang Dengcui , Yin Xiandong , Zhiying  , Mo  , Wang Shuai , Zhao WeiYan , Chu Xiaohong , Zhao Zhengzhi
Published: June 2022

In this work, we developed a third-generation automobile steel with high strength and elongation of 0.1C–11Mn medium manganese steel using a simple quenching and low-temperature tempering heat treatment procedure. At different austenitisation temperatures, the microstructure and mechanical properties of manganese steel were examined. The microstructure included tempered martensite (TM), austenite, and ultra-fine-grained ferrite. The steel achieved the highest strength and elongation of 39.1GPa·% when it was quenched at 630°C for 10 min and tempered at 450°C for 5 min. In conclusion, dislocation strengthening was the primary factor to increase yield strength. At 630°C, the steel achieved its best mechanical properties because of a higher austenite stability, work-hardening capability, and synergistic impact of ultra-fine-grained ferrite and martensite.
A mechanism of baryogenesis for causal fermion systems
Authors: Finster Felix , Jokel Maximilian , Paganini Claudio F
Published: June 2022

It is shown that the theory of causal fermion systems gives rise to a novel mechanism of baryogenesis. This mechanism is worked out computationally in globally hyperbolic spacetimes in a way which enables the quantitative study in concrete cosmological situations.
Effect of MoO3 buffer layer on the electronic structure of Al–BP interface
Authors: Liu Baoxing , Xie Haipeng , Wang Shitan , Zhao Yuan , Liu Yuquan , Niu Dongmei , Gao Yongli
Published: June 2022

The interfacial modification effect of the molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) buffer layer inserted between Al and black phosphorus (BP) was investigated with photoemission spectroscopy. The results show that MoO3 buffer layer can effectively prevent the destruction of the outermost BP lattice by Al thermal deposition and change the interface electronic structure between Al and BP. At the MoO3/BP interface, there is an interface dipole pointing from MoO3 to BP. During the metal deposition process, an interfacial chemical reaction between Al and MoO3 was found. These observations would provide insight for fabricating high-performance BP-based devices.
Designing doping strategy in arsenene monolayer for spintronic and optoelectronic applications: a case study of germanium and nitrogen as dopants
Authors: Van On Vo , Ha Chu Viet , Anh Dang Tuan , Guerrero-Sanchez J , Hoat D M
Published: June 2022

In this work, the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of arsenene monolayer doped with germanium (Ge) and nitrogen (N) atoms are investigated using density functional theory calculations. Pristine monolayer is dynamically stable and it possesses a wide indirect band gap. Ge doping induces magnetic semiconductor (MS) nature generated by the semiconductor behavior in both spin channels with significant spin asymmetry around the Fermi level. The dopant produces mainly magnetic properties. Upon increasing the doping concentration, different doping configurations along armchair, zigzag edges, and hexagonal ring have been proposed. The MS nature is retained with an odd number of Ge atoms, meanwhile an eVen number leads to the disappearance of magnetism. In contrast, N doping induces a gap reduction of 11.80%, preserving the non-magnetic nature. At higher doping level, different electronic features including semiconductor, nearly semimetallic, and metallic natures are obtained depending on the doping concentration and configurations. In addition, the formation energy and cohesive energy are calculated to analyze the systems’ stability. Our results show that different doping arrangements induce novel features in arsenene monolayer for applications in spintronic and optoelectronic devices.
High-intensity laser experiments with highly charged ions in a Penning trap
Authors: Ringleb S , Kiffer M , Stallkamp N , Kumar S , Hofbrucker J , Reich B , Arndt B , Brenner G , Ruiz-Lopéz M , Düsterer S , Vogel M , Tiedtke K , Quint W , Stöhlker Th , Paulus G G
Published: June 2022

We have conceived and built the HILITE (High-Intensity Laser-Ion Trap Experiment) Penning-trap setup for the production, confinement and preparation of pure ensembles of highly charged ions in a defined quantum state as a target for various high-intensity lasers. This enables a broad suite of laser-ion interaction studies at high photon energies and/or intensities, such as non-linear photo-ionisation studies. The setup has now been used to perform experiments at one such laser facility, namely the FLASH Free-Electron Laser at DESY in Hamburg, Germany. We describe the experimental possibilities of the apparatus, the results of the first measurements and future experiments at other laser facilities.
Light dynamics around an exceptional point in a 1D photonic bandgap waveguide
Authors: Dey Sibnath , Roy Arpan , Ghosh Somnath
Published: June 2022

Exceptional points (EP) in a system parameter space at which eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors coalesce are ubiquitous in non-Hermitian systems. Many unconventional applications have been proposed while encircling around the EPs. One of the unique application is the direction-dependent mode conversion. Here the appearance of an EP has been investigated in a planar 1D Bragg reflection waveguide(BRW) geometry, which has provided an additional degree of freedom to explore EP-based exotic light dynamics. A planar 1D BRW consists of periodic dielectric arrays and a defect dielectric layer forming the core. An inhomogeneous customized gain-loss profile is incorporated in the core region to couple two quasi-guided transverse electric (TE) modes so that the waveguide hosts an EP of order two. Here, we propose a dynamical EP encirclement scheme and corresponding asymmetric mode conversion phenomenon between two photonic bandgap quasi-guided TE modes in a 1D photonic bandgap-guided structure. Our findings will be potentially important to open up a fertile platform using the paradigm of non-Hermitian coupling to meet a wide range of exotic integrated chip-scale applications in the context of mode selectivity for switching and conversion.
Studies of the 2α and 3α channels of the 12C+12C reaction in the range of E
c.m.=8.9 MeV to 21 MeV using the active target Time Projection Chamber*
Authors: Wang X. Y. , Zhang N. T. , Zhang Z. C. , Lu C. G. , Pu T. L. , Zhang J. L. , Duan L. M. , Gao B. S. , Li K. A. , Li Y. T. , Qian Y. , Ru L. H. , Wang B. , Xu X. D. , Zhao H. Y. , Lin W. P. , Cai Z. W. , Ji B. F. , Li Q. T. , Xu J. Y. , Tang X. D.
Published: June 2022

The 12C+12C fusion reaction was studied in the range of E
c.m.=8.9 to 21 MeV using the active-target Time Projection Chamber. With full information on all tracks of the reaction products, cross sections of the 12C(12C,8Be)16Og.s. channel and the 12C(12C,3α)12C channel could be measured down to the level of a few milibarns. The 12C(12C,8Be)16Og.s. reaction channel was determined to be 10

mb at E
c.m.=11.1 MeV, supporting the direct α transfer reaction mechanism. The 12C(12C,3α)12C reaction channel was studied for the first time using an exclusive measurement. Our result does not confirm the anomaly behavior reported in the previous inclusive measurement by Kolata et al. [Phys. Rev. C 21, 579 (1980)]. Our comparisons with statistical model calculations suggest that the 3α channel is dominated by the fusion evaporation process at E
c.m. > 19 MeV. The additional contribution of the 3α channel increases the fusion reaction cross section by 10% at energies above 20 MeV. We also find that an additional reaction mechanism is needed to explain the measured cross section at E
c.m. < 15 MeV at which point the statistical model prediction vanishes.
Three-body Faddeev calculations for

and

hypernuclei*
Authors: Etminan Faisal , Hadizadeh M. R.
Published: June 2022

We study the ground-state properties of the

double hyperon for

and

nuclei in a three-body model

. We solve two coupled Faddeev equations corresponding to the three-body configurations

and

in configuration space with the hyperspherical harmonics expansion method by employing the most recent hyperon-hyperon interactions obtained from lattice QCD simulations. Our numerical analysis for

, using three

lattice interaction models, leads to a ground state binding energy in the

MeV domain and the separations

and

in the domains of

fm and

fm, respectively. The binding energy of the double-

hypernucleus

leads to

MeV and consequently to smaller separations

fm and

fm. In addition to geometrical properties, we study the structure of ground-state wave functions and show that the main contributions are from the

wave channels. Our results are consistent with the existing theoretical and experimental data.
Solving the Quispel–Roberts–Thompson maps using Kajiwara–Noumi–Yamada’s representation of elliptic curves
Authors: Li Xing , Takenawa Tomoyuki
Published: June 2022

It is well known that the dynamical system determined by a Quispel–Roberts–Thompson map (a QRT map) preserves a pencil of biquadratic polynomial curves on

CP

1

×

CP

1

. In most cases this pencil is elliptic, i.e. its generic member is a smooth algebraic curve of genus one, and the system can be solved as a translation on the elliptic fiber to which the initial point belongs. However, this procedure is rather complicated to handle, especially in the normalization process. In this paper, for a given initial point on an invariant elliptic curve, we present a method to construct the solution directly in terms of the Weierstrass sigma function, using Kajiwara–Noumi–Yamada’s parametric representation of elliptic curves.
Criticality and network structure drive emergent oscillations in a stochastic whole-brain model
Authors: Barzon Giacomo , Nicoletti Giorgio , Mariani Benedetta , Formentin Marco , Suweis Samir
Published: June 2022

Understanding the relation between the structure of brain networks and their functions is a fundamental open question. Simple models of neural activity based on real anatomical networks have proven to be effective in describing features of whole-brain spontaneous activity when tuned at their critical point. In this work, we show that structural networks are indeed a crucial ingredient in the emergence of collective oscillations in a whole-brain stochastic model at criticality. We study analytically a stochastic Greenberg–Hastings cellular automaton in the mean-field limit, showing that it undergoes an abrupt phase transition with a bistable region. In particular, no global oscillations emerge in this limit. Then, we show that by introducing a network structure in the homeostatic normalization regime, the bistability may be disrupted, and the transition may become smooth. Concomitantly, through an interplay between network topology and weights, a large peak in the power spectrum appears around the transition point, signaling the emergence of collective oscillations. Hence, both the structure of brain networks and criticality are fundamental in driving the collective responses of whole-brain stochastic models.
Autologous Fat Grafting in Reconstructive Breast Surgery: Clinically Relevant Factors Affecting the Graft Take
Authors: Luze Hanna , Schwarz Anna , Philipp Nischwitz Sebastian , Kolb Dagmar , Bounab Kaddour , Zrim Robert , Winter Raimund , Kamolz Lars-Peter , Rappl Thomas , Kotzbeck Petra
Published: June 2022

Background

Autologous fat grafting is an effective tool for soft tissue augmentation in reconstructive breast surgery. Despite the major advantages of this minimally invasive approach, the unpredictability of graft survival presents challenges.

Objectives

No clear consensus on the optimal technique has yet been published and well-defined prospective studies investigating impairing factors are lacking. This aim of this study was to generate valuable fundamental data.

Methods

Ten female patients undergoing elective autologous fat grafting after nipple-sparing mastectomy were enrolled. Punch biopsies and lipoaspirates were collected from the harvest site for histologic, gene expression, and scanning electron microscopic analysis. Noninvasive Lipometer measurements determining the subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness at the graft site were used to calculate the respective take rate. Patient- and surgery-related data were acquired and correlated with the take rate.

Results

A statistically relevant correlation between the take rate and the existing mean subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness at the grafted breast prior to surgery was observed. An approximate correlation was identified regarding the number of previous grafting sessions, body weight, and BMI. No statistically significant correlation was demonstrated for age, harvest site, or the mean adipocyte size. A lower level of cell damage was observed in scanning electron microscopic samples of washed lipoaspirates; and a strong indirect correlation with the expression of the adipocyte markers FABP4 and PLIN1 was apparent.

Conclusions

Factors correlating to the take rate were identified. Future studies investigating the clinical relevance of each impairing factor are essential to contribute to the optimization of this valuable method.

Level of Evidence: 4
Generating and screeningde novocompounds against given targets using ultrafast deep learning models as core components
Authors: Zhang Haiping , Saravanan Konda Mani , Yang Yang , Wei Yanjie , Yi Pan , Zhang John Z H
Published: June 2022

Deep learning is an artificial intelligence technique in which models express geometric transformations over multiple levels. This method has shown great promise in various fields, including drug development. The availability of public structure databases prompted the researchers to use generative artificial intelligence models to narrow down their search of the chemical space, a novel approach to chemogenomics and de novo drug development. In this study, we developed a strategy that combined an accelerated LSTM_Chem (long short-term memory for de novo compounds generation), dense fully convolutional neural network (DFCNN), and docking to generate a large number of de novo small molecular chemical compounds for given targets. To demonstrate its efficacy and applicability, six important targets that account for various human disorders were used as test examples. Moreover, using the M protease as a proof-of-concept example, we find that iteratively training with previously selected candidates can significantly increase the chance of obtaining novel compounds with higher and higher predicted binding affinities. In addition, we also check the potential benefit of obtaining reliable final de novo compounds with the help of MD simulation and metadynamics simulation. The generation of de novo compounds and the discovery of binders against various targets proposed here would be a practical and effective approach. Assessing the efficacy of these top de novo compounds with biochemical studies is promising to promote related drug development.
Comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms on the microbial strain-specific AMP prediction
Authors: Vishnepolsky Boris , Grigolava Maya , Managadze Grigol , Gabrielian Andrei , Rosenthal Alex , Hurt Darrell E , Tartakovsky Michael , Pirtskhalava Malak
Published: June 2022

The evolution of drug-resistant pathogenic microbial species is a major global health concern. Naturally occurring, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered promising candidates to address antibiotic resistance problems. A variety of computational methods have been developed to accurately predict AMPs. The majority of such methods are not microbial strain specific (MSS): they can predict whether a given peptide is active against some microbe, but cannot accurately calculate whether such peptide would be active against a particular MS. Due to insufficient data on most MS, only a few MSS predictive models have been developed so far. To overcome this problem, we developed a novel approach that allows to improve MSS predictive models (MSSPM), based on properties, computed for AMP sequences and characteristics of genomes, computed for target MS. New models can perform predictions of AMPs for MS that do not have data on peptides tested on them. We tested various types of feature engineering as well as different machine learning (ML) algorithms to compare the predictive abilities of resulting models. Among the ML algorithms, Random Forest and AdaBoost performed best. By using genome characteristics as additional features, the performance for all models increased relative to models relying on AMP sequence-based properties only. Our novel MSS AMP predictor is freely accessible as part of DBAASP database resource at http://dbaasp.org/prediction/genome
Weather, Light and Darkness in Remote Island Policing: Expanding the Horizons of the Criminological Imagination
Authors: Souhami Anna
Published: June 2022

The conceptual development of criminological scholarship has been inextricable with the city. This is particularly apparent in relation to policing, where foundational ideas about police work and culture are derived almost exclusively from research in cities. But how has the ubiquity of the urban context limited our criminological imagination? Drawing on a major ethnography of policing in two remote Scottish archipelagos, this paper explores how the remote island context brings new phenomena within the scope of criminological inquiry, illuminating the selectivity of its dominant preoccupations. It explores the centrality of (1) the weather, light and darkness and (2) immersion in the physical environment in the way island officers perceive the places, people and problems they encounter, and the implications for how they exercise state power.
Case Investigation and Contact Tracing Efforts From Health Departments in the United States, November 2020 to December 2021
Authors: Stargel Alison , Taylor Melanie M , Zansky Shelley , Spencer Kimberly , Hogben Matthew , Shultz Alvin
Published: June 2022

Background

Sixty-four state, local, and territorial health departments (HDs) in the United States report monthly performance metrics on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case investigation and contact tracing (CI/CT) activities. We describe national CI/CT efforts from 25 October 2020 through 24 December 2021, which included 3 peaks in COVID-19 case reporting.

Methods

Standardized CI/CT data elements submitted by the 64 HDs were summarized as monthly performance metrics for each HD and the nation. These included measures of CI/CT completeness, timeliness, and workloads. We calculated contact tracing efficacy as the proportion of new cases that occurred in persons identified as contacts within the 14 days before the case was reported.

Results

A total of 44 309 796 COVID-19 cases were reported to HDs, with completed HD interviews in 18 153 353 (41%). Less than half of interviews yielded ≥1 contact. A total of 19 939 376 contacts were identified; 11 632 613 were notified (58%), with 3 618 846 undergoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing within 14 days of notification. Of the total reported cases, 2 559 383 occurred in recently identified contacts.

Conclusions

We document the resource-intense nationwide effort by US HDs to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 through CI/CT before and after vaccines became widely available. These results document the coverage and performance of CI/CT despite case surges and fluctuating workforce and workloads.
Association Between Clostridium innocuum and Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Adults and Children: A Cross-sectional Study and Comparative Genomics Analysis
Authors: Cherny Kathryn E , Muscat Emily B , Balaji Aakash , Mukherjee Jayabrata , Ozer Egon A , Angarone Michael P , Hauser Alan R , Sichel Joseph S , Amponsah Emmanuel , Kociolek Larry K
Published: June 2022

Background

A recent study from Taiwan suggested that Clostridium innocuum may be an unrecognized cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and clinically indistinguishable from Clostridioides difficile infection. Our objective was to compare C. innocuum prevalence and strain between those with AAD and asymptomatic controls.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we collected stool from 200 individuals with AAD and 100 asymptomatic controls. We evaluated the association between AAD and C. innocuum in stool using anaerobic culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). To identify strain-specific associations with AAD, we performed whole-genome sequencing of C. innocuum isolates using Illumina MiSeq and constructed comparative genomics analyses.

Results

C. innocuum was isolated from stool of 126/300 (42%) subjects and more frequently from asymptomatic controls than AAD subjects (50/100 [50%] vs 76/200 [38%], respectively; P = .047). C. innocuum isolation frequency was not associated with AAD in either the adult or pediatric subgroups. C. innocuum and C. difficile were frequently co-prevalent in individuals with and without diarrhea. There were no phylogenetic differences or accessory genome associations between C. innocuum isolates from AAD subjects and asymptomatic controls.

Conclusions

C. innocuum was frequently isolated and at a greater frequency in asymptomatic controls than those with AAD. We did not identify strain lineages or accessory genomic elements associated with AAD. These data highlight that differentiating C. innocuum–associated diarrhea from asymptomatic colonization, and differentiating diarrhea caused by C. difficile from C. innocuum, are clinical microbiology challenges that require additional investigation to identify host-specific factors and/or biomarkers that distinguish these conditions.
Shared Decision-Making Concerning Anal Cancer Screening in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Cachay Edward R , Gilbert Tari , Deiss Robert , Mathews Wm Christopher
Published: June 2022

Background

Anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (aHSIL) is the immediate precursor of anal cancer. Anal cytology is a recommended screening test to identify aHSIL among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH). Heterogeneity of risk for invasive anal cancer among PWH suggests the value of a shared decision-making framework regarding screening.

Methods

Using a longitudinal HIV cohort with a comprehensive anal cancer screening program, we estimated the adjusted probabilities of having aHSIL on the first anal cytology. We used logistic regression models with inverse probability weighting to account for differential screening in the cohort and to construct a predicted probability nomogram for aHSIL. Sensitivity analysis was performed to estimate aHSIL prevalence corrected for misclassification bias.

Results

Of 8139 PWH under care between 2007 and 2020, 4105 (49.8%) underwent at least 1 anal cytology test. First-time cytology aHSIL was present in 502 (12.2%) PWH. The adjusted probability of having aHSIL varied from 5% to 18% depending on patient characteristics. Prespecified factors in the aHSIL prediction model included nadir CD4 cell count, ethnicity, race, age, sex, gender identity, and HIV risk factors. The ability of the model to discriminate cytological aHSIL was modest, with an area under the curve of 0.63 (95% confidence interval, .60–.65).

Conclusions

PWH are at increased risk for aHSIL and invasive anal cancer. Risk, however, varies by patient characteristics. Individual risk factor profiles predictive of aHSIL can be modeled and operationalized as nomograms to facilitate shared decision-making conversations concerning anal cancer screening.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Transmission Associated With an Indoor Music Event That Required Proof of Full Vaccination Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Prior to Entry—Seattle, July 2021
Authors: Roskosky Mellisa , Moni Gwen , Kawakami Vance , Lambert Joanie , Brostrom-Smith Claire , Whitney Holly , Phu Amy , Look Jennifer , Pallickaparambil Aley , Kay Meagan , Duchin Jeff
Published: June 2022

In July 2021, Public Health–Seattle & King County investigated a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak at an indoor event intended for fully vaccinated individuals, revealing unvaccinated staff, limited masking, poor ventilation, and overcrowding. Supporting businesses to develop and implement comprehensive COVID-19 prevention plans is essential for reducing spread in these settings.
A Retrospective Database Analysis of Before and After Social Distancing in Relation to Pediatric Infection Rate and Healthcare Services Usage During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Levy Ran , Cohen Regev , Lev-Shalem Liat , Eisenkraft Arik , Yosef Tehila Fisher
Published: June 2022

Background

Social distancing policy was introduced in Israel in 2020 to reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of social distancing on other infections in children, by comparing disease rate and healthcare utilization before and after social distancing.

Methods

This was a before-and-after study. Within this retrospective database analysis of parallel periods in 2019 (periods 1 and 2) and 2020 (periods 3 [prelockdown period] and 4 [lockdown period]) we included all pediatric population registered in the electronic medical records of the Maccabi Healthcare Services, Israel, looking at the occurrence of non–COVID-19 infections, antibiotic purchasing, physician visits, ambulatory emergency care center visits, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations.

Results

A total of 776 828 children were included from 2019, and 777 729 from 2020. We found a lower infection rate in 2020 versus 2019. We did not find a difference in infection rate between periods 1 and 2, while there was a significant difference between periods 3 and 4. We found a significant difference between periods 2 and 4, with a higher RR than for the comparison between periods 1 and 3. There was a modest decrease in ambulatory emergency care center visits in 2020, and lower increases in emergency department visits and hospital admissions. We found decreases in antibiotic purchasing between periods 1 and 3 and between periods 2 and 4, more pronounced in 2020 than in 2019.

Conclusions

Analysis of findings before and after social distancing and masking showed reduced prevalence of non–COVID-19 pediatric infections and reduced consumption of healthcare services and antibiotics related with the lockdown period.
Forward Secure Public-key Authenticated Encryption with Conjunctive Keyword Search
Authors: Jiang Zhe , Zhang Kai , Wang Liangliang , Ning Jianting
Published: June 2022

Public key encryption with keyword search is a promising primitive which enables search over encrypted data in secure data outsourcing services. In traditional construction, the associated keywords may be recovered from a given trapdoor by a malicious server through keyword guessing attacks. Therefore, the notion of public-key authenticated encryption with keyword search (PAEKS) was introduced, where a sender encrypts (and authenticates) the keywords using a receiver’s public key and its secret key. In this paper, we consider the forward security for PAEKS and introduce a new primitive: forward secure public-key authenticated encryption with keyword search (FS-PAEKS), which captures the information leakage risk from previously issued queries due to the updates on the outsourced data. Technically, we embed a non-interactively agreed key into the cipher-keyword generation algorithm, and bind the cipher-keyword and the trapdoor with a set converted from algorithm-generation time. Finally, we present an efficient FS-PAEKS scheme supporting conjunctive query, and prove its forward security against chosen keyword attacks and keyword guessing attacks. To illustrate practical performance, we implement our FS-PAEKS and related PAEKS schemes based on Enron dataset in real cloud environment.
New Strategies To Improve Differential-Linear Attacks With Applications To Chaskey
Authors: Xu Yaqi , Wu Baofeng , Lin Dongdai
Published: June 2022

Differential-linear cryptanalysis, as the combination of differential and linear cryptanalysis, is an efficient way to attack many kinds of ciphers. Recently, various refinements to this cryptanalytic technique have been proposed, especially with good effects on ARX ciphers. In the current framework of a differential-linear attack, a cipher $E$ is often divided into three parts: a differential part $E_1$, a linear part $E_2$ and a connective part $E_m$. It is a challenging problem to deal with the connective part when building a differential-linear distinguisher, and for ARX ciphers, estimating the correlation of $ E_m $ experimentally under given input difference $\Delta _m$ and output linear mask $\Gamma _m$ is the main approach so far. In this paper, we discuss the effects of $ \Delta _{m} $ and $ \Gamma _{m} $ on the correlation of $ E_m $ for the first time. As a result, we propose a new strategy to find $\Delta _m$ and $\Gamma _m$ to build differential-linear distinguishers with high correlations for ARX ciphers based on algebraic equations derived from their round functions. For the key recovery parts of differential-linear attacks, we also find a new partitioning technique which will reduce the time complexity. Based on our new methods, we improve the differential-linear attack on 7-round Chaskey.