bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Метод и результаты выделения линейных форм рельефа по данным анализа ЦМР на примере левобережья бассейна среднего течения реки Аракс
Authors: Авакян А. А. , Улоян А. Р. , Бойнагрян В. Р. , Тарасян Н. А.
Published: October 2022

The article describes the method developed by the authors for revealing Earth surface regional linear morphological features (morphographic lineaments) by morphometric analysis of a digital elevation model (DEM). It also presents the results of the method application on the territory of Armenia in the Araks river basin. The method is based on the experience of a large number of studies devoted to this issue and includes the following successively performed procedures: 1) revealing of Earth surface linear features by formal morphometric indices extracted from the DEM, mainly based on the analysis of slope and aspect maps; 2) geomorphological identification of the revealed linear elements or their definition as real linear landforms; 3) structural identification of the revealed linear landforms, i.e. proving their identity with morphostructures according to geological features – their coincidence with the spatial localization of the epicenters of the historical earthquakes, ore deposits, mineral water springs, as well as the consistency of the identified morphostructures with the data of previously published articles and maps.
The Value System in the Structure of the Narrative Discourse of Saudi Women
Authors: Alrashadah Muna
Published: October 2022

This research focuses on the study and analysis of (the value system in the structure of the narrative discourse of Saudi women) by extrapolating those values from their aspects rooted in the narrative discourse; to reveal the positioning of values, and how they are formed through the narrative format, the value system determines the general cultural context generated by the text, as Identifies conflicting intellectual trends in the novel. The research also focuses on the value system through relying on a number of novels of Saudi female writers, selecting models from them, according to the value contents as appeared in her novels, and analyzing the applied models indicating each value. These values were represented in two directions ;special individualized values, and general popular values.
Message in Syntax and Semi-Sentence To Taj Aal-Din Muhammad bin Muhammad known as Al-Fadhil Al-Isfaraeni He Died in (684 AH) Study and Investigation
Authors: ALAmry Aiman
Published: October 2022

This text (the subject of the investigation) is a precious message in its chapter, written by its owner, Taj al-Din Muhammad bin Muhammad, known as Al-Fadil Al-Isfaraeni, who died in the year 684 AH, and its topic in the syntax of the sentence and the semi-sentence, in which he collected the matter scattered and separated, divided and arranged, and mentioned various examples, relying on that Mental division, all of this is a desire to pave the expression and its rules, and overcome its obstacles to its requestor, so the message structure with intentional consistency came out, edited in the clearest and most accurate terms; By the grace of God Almighty, this research concluded with the output of this valuable message, achieving its benefits according to the known origins of the investigation, providing a definition of its author based on fragments about it, and which were sporadic in the printed books and scientific messages, and a study of the text of the message showing its object, method, and method of the author.
'al-bahr' in the Holy Quran and Translation Variations: A Study upon Three Translations of the Holy Quran
Authors: Issa Izzeddin
Published: October 2022

Recent translation studies principally concentrate on the quality of translation. They also focus on terms and their significance in drawing the scope of meaning. From this point, the present study is launched to explore the translation of the term "bahr" (= sea) in the Holy Quran through three spaced translations; a term that has a special image in Arabic literature and is used in many different situations to address an audience closely connected with desert. Have these translations succeeded in conveying a term that has signified "something" more or less than sea? Through a survey of thirty-nine verses, the study has found out that the broad meaning of the term "bahr" has narrowed down by time which reflects the fact that maintaining term meaning has the main concern even in dealing with authoritative texts. In addition, definiteness is brought to light through this paper as a translation norm mistreated in many cases.
Implementation of the Russian Federal Budget during January–July 2022 and Spending on the Military
Authors: Cooper Julian
Published: October 2022

The Russian government has provided little information on military expenditure during the war with Ukraine that started in late February 2022. The Ministry of Finance stopped publishing detailed data on the implementation of the budget in April. However, for a brief period in August and September, the Federal Treasury did issue its usual reports on budget spending during the first half of the year and then to 1 August. The reports are very revealing—and, at first sight, surprising—on actual spending and permit some analysis of the Russian government’s commitment of resources to what it has termed a ‘special military operation’. Unfortunately, the Federal Treasury removed the reports from its website in mid September and, with the decision on 21 September to adopt a partial mobilization, it is unlikely that the publication of detailed reports on budget spending will be resumed for some time.
NewSpace and the Commercialization of the Space Industry: Challenges for the Missile Technology Regime
Authors: Brockmann Kolja , Raju Nivedita
Published: October 2022

The changing nature of the space industry—particularly through its NewSpace entrants—is resulting in changes in business practices, new funding sources and capitalization models, as well as gaps in awareness and understanding of export controls. NewSpace is not only changing the nature of the space industry, but also exacerbating existing missile proliferation risks and posing challenges for the effective implementation of export controls. It therefore requires a coordinated response by the main multilateral missile export control instrument: the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). This report identifies developments, trends and possible proliferation scenarios linked to the NewSpace industry that pose possible missile proliferation risks and challenges for MTCR export controls. The report seeks to strengthen the implementation of export controls and related policy instruments through the MTCR and national measures, in order to prevent commercial space industry activities contributing to programmes for missiles and other delivery systems capable of carrying chemical, biological and nuclear weapons.
Cannabinoids – a new therapeutic strategy in neurology
Authors:   Department of Neurology, Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242, Bucharest, Romania, Sirbu Carmen Adella , Manole Aida M. ,   Ambulatory Clinic, Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242, Bucharest, Romania, Vasile Titus M. ,   Ambulatory Clinic, Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242, Bucharest, Romania, Toma Gabriela S. ,   Department of Radiology, Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242, Bucharest, Romania, Dobrican Livia R. ,   Department of Psychiatry, Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242, Bucharest, Romania, Varvara Dan G. ,   Department of Psychiatry, Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242, Bucharest, Romania, Vasiliu Octavian ,   Department of Psychiatry, Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242, Bucharest, Romania
Published: October 2022

Cannabinoids' usefulness in the treatment of neurological disorders (epilepsy, and various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease) has been demonstrated in a growing number of studies. Of the 11 known general types of natural cannabinoids, the focus has been mainly directed at cannabidiol (CBD) due to its specificity in stimulating cannabinoid receptors and the low rate of side effects, as well as on Δ (9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). The natural and synthetic analogs of CBD have been described as a potential treatment in neurological diseases, as they showed their therapeutic benefits in reducing the seizures from epilepsy and their neuroprotectivity in neurodegenerative diseases. First and foremost, CBD's neuroprotective properties are due to its capacity to act as an endogenous cannabinoid receptor agonist. Second, CBD enhances neuroprotection by interacting with many signal transduction pathways mediated indirectly through cannabinoid receptors. CBD also reduces the hyperphosphorylation of glycogen synthetase kinase 3 (GSK-3) induced by the buildup of Amyloid β in the physiopathology of Alzheimer's disease.
Factors that influenced infection complications in combat related penetrating brain injuries during conflict in Ukraine
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Neurosurgery Department, Dorogozhytska 9, 04112, Kyiv, Ukraine, Yurii Perekopaiko , Ceban Polishchuk ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Neurosurgery Department, Dorogozhytska 9, 04112, Kyiv, Ukraine, Andriy Danchyn ,   National Military Medical Clinical Centre «Main Military Clinical Hospital», Neurosurgery Department, Hospitalna 18, Kyiv, Ukraine, Oksana Goncharuk ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Neurosurgery Department, Dorogozhytska 9, 04112, Kyiv, Ukraine, Georgii Danchyn ,   National Military Medical Clinical Centre «Main Military Clinical Hospital», Neurosurgery Department, Hospitalna 18, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2022

"Infection complication has a major impact on outcomes of patients with combat related penetrating head injuries. There is still a discussion around which factor influence outcomes and infection complication. In the beginning of war, in 2014, the evacuation system was not ready for a sudden start of hostilities because of limited medical resources, the lack of neuro visualization in the frontline, the lack of trained personnel provided first aid to the wounded. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the factors that influenced the development of infectious complications in penetrating combat head injuries with limited medical capabilities on theatre Materials and methods: This is retrospective study of 79 military cases with penetrating head injuries, which was received during the fighting in eastern Ukraine in the period from March 2014 to the end of December 2017. Information was collected on demographics, evacuation assistance, type of injury and infectious complications. R commander was used for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. Results: Infection complication of CNS were detected in 31 cases (39,24%). Factors that influence rate of infection are low GCS on first evaluation (p<0.001), CSF leak (p=0.002), ventricular injury (p<0.005), installation of tidal drainage (p=0.005), superficial wound infection (p=0.013) and wound dehiscence (p<0.001). Conclusions: There are many controversies in managing penetrating gunshot wounds to the head. Still exist lack of information that neurosurgeon can trust. Data even about small samples still very informative "
Health risk behaviors among Iranian university students: A cross-sectional study
Authors:   Department of Public Health, Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, Iran, Pirouzeh Razieh , Kandi Zahra R.K. ,   Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Ziapour Arash ,   Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Qorbani Mostafa ,   Department of Community Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran, Safari Omid ,   Departments of pediatrics, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran, Mansourian Morteza ,   Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Published: October 2022

"Background and Aim: The prevalence of high-risk behaviors is one of the most serious issues threatening the health of young people. The first step in preventing youth risk-taking is to recognize the problem and its dimensions. The purpose of this study was to investigate high-risk behaviors among students at Tehran’s universities. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted from March to August 2019. The sample set was 4,000 students. Data was collected by multi-stage sampling at eight universities in Tehran. Demographic information and standard youth-risk questionnaires were used. SPSS 19 software was used to perform an independent t-test, Pearson ANOVA, and linear regression at a significance level of 0.05 on the questionnaire data collected. Results: The mean of the total tendency to high-risk behavior was 130.34±40.37. Significant risks identified were driving (27.3±8.33), violence (18.86±6.4), smoking (18.86±7.68), drugs (22.47±8.83), alcohol (24.10±8.57), and high-risk sexual behavior (18.47±7.49). High-risk behaviors were more common in men, single people, and people living in dormitories (P<0.05). Age and gender were the best-correlated predictors of students' high-risk behaviors. Conclusions: Results show that the tendency to high-risk behaviors in students is a worrying situation. as, at younger ages, the tendency to engage in high-risk behaviors is greater. Among young men and in dormitory life, students are more prone to high-risk behaviors. So, more monitoring in dormitories, especially male dormitories, and better planning and education to reduce high-risk behaviors among students, is necessary "
New anatomical landmark for rotational assessment of total knee arthroplasty
Authors:   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Cretu Bogdan , Serban Bogdan ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Iordache Sergiu ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Cursaru Adrian ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Costache Mihai ,   Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Cirstoiu Catalin ,   Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
Published: October 2022

One of the most controversial topics in total knee arthroplasty is rotation of the femoral component. The current gold-standard in total knee arthroplasty consists in positioning the femoral component in 3 degrees of external rotation to the epicondylar axis, having as reference the tangent to the posterior condyles. Achieving the correct rotation of the femoral components is one of the main goals during total knee arthroplasty. Multiple complications can result from internal femoral rotation, such as lateral patellar tilt, patellar subluxation or dislocation, mobilization with movement on pain, and low survival rates of the femoral components. Postoperative rotational assessment of protective components can only be performed correctly using computed tomography. The known evaluation methods are related to anteversion of the femoral neck, femoral trans-epicondylar line, insertion of the posterior cruciate ligament from the tibia and tibial tuberosity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rotation of the prosthetic components in the group of patients with the methods validated by studies and to find alternatives to evaluate the rotation of the femoral component. Thirty-four patients diagnosted with gonarthrosis, proposed for total knee arthroplasty, were included in the study. This is a prospective cohort study in which applied statistics consisted of analyzing data using frequency and percentage for qualitative and mean variables and standard deviation for quantitative variables
Succint review on biological and clinical aspects of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors:   Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Ahmadi Seyed E. , Farzanehpour Mahdieh ,   Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Fard Amir M.M. ,   Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Fard Maryam M. ,   Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Ghaleh Hadi E.G. ,   Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Published: October 2022

The prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the third registered spillover of an animal coronavirus to humans from the early 21st century. Coronaviruses are important human and animal pathogens. The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) rapidly spreads, resulting in an epidemic throughout China, followed by an increasing number of cases in other countries throughout the world. Recently, a wide range of inhibitors have been introduced for treatment of COVID-19, and also promising vaccines are in late phase of development. Here, we aim to present an overview of recent findings of the biological and clinical aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, along with possible treatments and future vaccines.
Ultrasound screening of kidney size in children with and without vesicoureteral reflux
Authors:   Department of Radiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran, Safi Fatemeh , Yousefichaijan Parsa ,   Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran, Mehrnahad Mersad ,   Department of Radiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran, Abedi Aref ,   Department of Radiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
Published: October 2022

"Evaluation of the size of the kidney's parameters of patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) can provide relevant knowledge about the prognosis factors of VUR's complications. The study aimed to assess the size of the renal parameters of children with VUR and compare the results with healthy matched cases by the ultrasound method. Methods: In this case-control study, children under 14 years of age with VUR in our pediatric urology practice from May 2019 to May 2020 were included. Eighty children were included in the two groups (case (40 cases) and control group (40 cases)) in the study. The case group included children with VUR, while the control group included healthy children. The data regarding Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), the length and width of the kidney, the size of the pelvis, parenchyma thickness, and volume of the kidney were recorded. Results: The mean age of children was 3.07 ± 3.05 years, and 35.0% of them were male. The mean number of UTIs in the VUR group was 1.90 ± 1.15 and in the control group was 1.10±0.30 (P=0.031). The incidence of UTIs was significantly higher in the VUR group than in the control group (P<0.001). Length, width, the posterior-anterior diameter of kidney, renal parenchyma thickness, and renal volume in the VUR group were significantly lower than the control group (P< 0.001). There was no difference between case and control groups in terms of anterior-posterior diameter of the pelvis (P= 0.653). Conclusions: The results showed that the size of kidneys parameters in children with VUR was less than in the control group. Also, the incidence of UTIs in the VUR group was significantly higher than in the control group. Ultrasound is a safe and non-invasive tool that can use for checking the size of the children's kidneys with VUR for predict of possible complications "
Myocardial work – are we ready for a new parameter in clinical practice for evaluating left ventricle function?
Authors:   Center for Noinvasive Cardiac Study, Carol Davila University Central Emergency Military Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Gurzun Maria M. , Iancu Diana ,   Center for Noinvasive Cardiac Study, Carol Davila University Central Emergency Military Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Badea Madalina ,   Center for Noinvasive Cardiac Study, Carol Davila University Central Emergency Military Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Anton Mihaela ,   Center for Noinvasive Cardiac Study, Carol Davila University Central Emergency Military Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Stanciu Silviu M ,   Center for Noinvasive Cardiac Study, Carol Davila University Central Emergency Military Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
Published: October 2022

Left ventricle systolic function is an essential parameter in different clinical scenarios and the usual methods available for its assessment are sometime suboptimal, depending on the filling conditions of the heart. Therefore, the development and implementation in clinical practice of a new parameter for assessing left ventricle contractile function is desirable. Mechanical work defined as energy transferred to or from an object via the application of force along a displacement seems to be a promising method for myocardial performance estimation. Although initially this parameter was calculated on the left ventricle volume-pressure curve estimated by cardiac catheterization, an easier method considering non-invasive left ventricle pressure and global longitudinal strain assessed by speckle tracking echocardiography was developed recently. Myocardial work offers information regarding the segmental and global function of the left ventricle, and it is considered a more sensitive marker for assessing left ventricle performance compared to ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain. Its applicability in various cardiac pathologies was demonstrated recently in several studies and its use in every day practice may bring important additional information for clinical decision making
Blockchain technology used in medicine. A brief survey
Authors:   Department of Marketing and Medical Tehnology, ʺCarol Davilaʺ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Virgolici Horia M , Ceban Dumitru ,   Department of Marketing and Medical Tehnology, ʺCarol Davilaʺ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Raducu Raluca C ,   Department of Marketing and Medical Tehnology, ʺCarol Davilaʺ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Purcarea Victor L ,   Department of Marketing and Medical Tehnology, ʺCarol Davilaʺ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: October 2022

Blockchain is the technology that allows people to make transactions without intermediaries. Bitcoin was the first cryptocurrency launched. Cryptocurrencies are digital tokens that can be used for transactions. They use cryptography to establish their authenticity and are not linked to a central authority. Blockchain has many advantages for the healthcare industry and can be used in various fields such as: implementation and improvement of electronic patient records, in clinical trials, neuroscience, pharmaceutical industry and research. Its security can help to improve the confidentiality of patient data and can also help secure the supply chain of medicines. The security and transparency of the blockchain will play a crucial role in the medical industry. This will allow companies to register their products and conduct secure transactions. QR codes can also be placed on the back of medicine containers to help customers identify the authenticity of the products they purchase. The exchange of health information through the blockchain will also have various challenges, such as maintaining the confidentiality of patient data. At the same time, due to the different regulations in different countries, it can be difficult to establish an efficient and secure exchange. Unlike other cryptocurrencies, blockchains are usually immutable, which means that the data added in the chain will always remain. This eliminates the risk of data loss
Work-related stress in medical personnel: A new instrument for screening and evidence-based recommendations for therapeutic management
Authors:   Carol Davila University Emergency Military Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Vasiliu Octavian
Published: October 2022

Medical personnel is constantly exposed to a variety of stressful events, starting from work overloading, to threats to one’s own health or personal integrity, disruptions in personal relationships due to high stress in the professional environment, continuous need to keep in touch with the advances of medical science and therapeutic guidelines etc. Structured evaluation of work-related stress disorders (WRSD) is important both for screening purposes in a vulnerable population like the medical personnel, and for the monitoring of the overall status evolution during individual or organizational interventions. Beside burnout syndrome, major depressive episodes, anxiety disorders, acute stress reactions, posttraumatic stress reactions, substance use disorders, adjustment disorders are also included in the category of WRSD. A specific instrument has been designed for the purpose of screening for WRSD in this specific population, i.e. the Work-related Stress Inventory for Medical Personnel, structured as a 20 items, self-administered instrument (WRSIMP-20). This inventory evaluates three main dimensions- (1) mood symptoms and somatic equivalents, (2) work and professional environment-related discomfort, and (3) interpersonal relationship-associated distress. The results of online administration of WRSIMP-20 in 81 health care workers and 52 individuals not related in any way to health care professions (control group) were consistent with the premises, as this inventory has been proven valid for the targeted population. Larger trials and test-retest evaluation are needed in order to complete the psychometric properties of WRSIMP-20, but this instrument seems promising in the detection of individuals vulnerable to WRSD
Effect of Hydroxychloroquine, Favipiravir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Remdesivir, Umifenovir, and Interferon beta-1a in Covid-19 patients: A systematic review of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors:   Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Pezeshki Mehran , Gouvarchinghaleh Hadi E. ,   Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Ghahremanian Amirhossein ,   Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical science, Tehran, Iran, Gaman Mihnea ,   Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania & Department of Hematology, Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania, Farzanehpour Mahdieh ,   Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Published: October 2022

"Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. Since then, researchers worldwide have focused their attention on identifying effective treatments and developing vaccines to combat this disease. Aim: To report the effectiveness of the drugs employed in the COVID-19 treatment protocols based on data from clinical trial studies conducted from the beginning of the pandemic until December 10, 2020. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted an advanced search in several electronic databases. A total of 13553 studies was screened by two people simultaneously and separately based on the article title, abstract and full-text. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Cochrane criteria. Results: Of the 13553 studies identified, 50 clinical trials were included in this systematic review. Of these, three studies explored the use of remdesivir, nine studies the use of hydroxychloroquine, five studies the use of lopinavir/ritonavir, six studies the use of favipiravir, one study the use of tocilizumab, two studies the use of interferon beta-1a and two studies the use of umifenovir. "
A brief overview of the Epstein Barr virus and its association with Burkitt's lymphoma
Authors:   Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Farzanehpour Mahdieh , Fard Amir M.M. ,   Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Ghaleh Hadi E.G. ,   Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Published: October 2022

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is known as an oncovirus and associates with several human malignancies such as Burkitt's lymphoma, other non-Hodgkin lymphomas, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin's disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, etc. in Burkitt's lymphoma, and the key event is the translocation of MYC gene, that increase of cell survival and aberrant expression of MYC gene. The biology of EBV and its function in the development of Burkitt's lymphoma are discussed in this review
Management of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection: an update
Authors:   Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Stefan Ion , Stefani Constantin ,   Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Sirbu Carmen A. ,   Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Docu Axelerad Any ,   Clinical Emergency Hospital ‘St. Apostol Andrei’, Constanta, Romania, 4 Department,  Faculty of Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania, Ionita Radu Florentina ,   Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
Published: October 2022

Million people worldwide are affected by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The highest incidence of illness was between 1945 and 1975. It was also estimated that 70% of those people were not tested for the disease. Most recent treatment concepts are safe, highly effective and have a vital public health influence by achieving a viral constant response in a significant proportion of treated patients. It helps reduce liver fibrosis, liver cancer risk and dissemination. With its increased population incidence, HCV becomes a serious public health problem. This review discusses the current literature in this field in terms of the importance of screening of HCV, follow-up, treatment and includes considerations in specific populations such as patients with cirrhosis, with HIV/HCV co-infection, patients with HBV/HCV co-infection and with renal damage
Costs for a hospital stay: another lesson learned from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   Dr. Iacob Czihac Military Emergency Hospital, Iași, Romania, Moraru Aurelian C , Floria Mariana ,   Dr. Iacob Czihac Military Emergency Hospital, Iași, Romania, Nafureanu Elena ,   Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania, Iov Diana E. ,   Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania, Serban Lacramioara ,   Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania, Scripcariu Viorel ,   Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania, Popescu Dragos M ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
Published: October 2022

Background and aim: After two years of pandemic, planning and budgeting for use of healthcare resources and services is very important. Inpatient COVID-19 hospitalizations costs, regardless of ICD-10 procedure codes, in a Covid-19 support military hospital were analyzed. Methods: The national protocol for the treatment of Covid-19 infection was applied. The costs for laboratory tests, drugs, protection equipment and radiological investigations (imaging techniques such as computed-tomography or radiography), hospitalization days and food were assessed. Results: In our hospital, from August 2020 through June 2021, 241 patients were hospitalized with COVID-19: mean age 59.92±7.8 years, 46% men, 26% military personnel, 11.57±3 days of hospitalization; two third of patients had moderate and severe forms of COVID-19. The main manifestations were: 69% respiratory (18% with severe pneumonia), 3.3% cardiac (2.9% with pulmonary embolism, diagnosed by computed tomography angiography), 28% digestive and 33% psychiatric (most commonly anxiety). The average estimated costs were about 3000€/patient, without significant differences based on disease severity. Equipment costs were 2 times higher than for drugs and 3 times than for laboratory tests. Conclusions: In a Covid-19 support military hospital that cared for patients with predominantly moderate forms of COVID-19, the costs for equipment were much higher than those for treatment. New criteria for hospitalization of these forms of COVID-19 deserve to be analyzed in order to avoid useless costs
Designing and evaluating questionnaire for assessment abuse in patients with spinal cord injury during Covid-19 disease
Authors:   Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Komlakh Khalil , Hatefi Masoud ,   School of Medicine, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Emam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Published: October 2022

"Background: One of the chronic diseases that causes various challenges for patients is spinal cord injury. On the other hand, apart from the problems that patients and caregivers of patients with SCI experience, the spread and prevalence of Covid-19 disease has been effective as an effective risk factor for abuse. Objectives: the aim of the present study is to determine the abuse prevalence and its effective risk factors among SCI patients in Ilam City during the Covid-19 outbreak. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study, population included all SCI patients in Ilam, included in the present study. Moreover, researcher-made forms and questionnaires whose validity and reliability were confirmed, including the demographic characteristics form, perceived abuse researcher-made questionnaire for SCI patients, were used. The perceived abuse questionnaire for SCI patients was a researcher-made questionnaire that was designed using library studies, interviewing patients and determining abuse instances. This instrument consists of 20 questions that are answered using Yes (score 1) and No (score 0). After data collection, statistical analyzes were performed. Data analyzed with spss16 software. Results: According to the results, the mean ± SD of the perceived abuse score by caregivers and patients was 8.48 ± 2.31 and 42.45% during the Covid-19 pandemic, respectively. Also, the mean ± SD of patients’ age was 62.86 ±19.15 and the patient perceived abuse increased with increasing age (P = 0.000, F = 27.42). Also, the possible abuse score was 0 to 20 that was divided into three categories: low (20, 20.4%), moderate (76, 76.5%) and high (2, 2%). also, significantly higher perceived abuse score among women and patients with a history of more than 10 years of SCI, but there was no significant relationship between abuse prevalence with income and marital status (P>0.05). With regard to age and abuse, results also showed an increase in perceived abuse score with increasing age. Conclusions: necessary to take the necessary measures and preventions in this regard. Also, the prevalence of Covide-19-related abuse in patients was hight, which is statistically important and significant. For this reason, while proposing preventive action in this field "
Location Selection Models for Apartment Project Development by the Modified Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Larpcharoen Vuttapong , Tochaiwat Kongkoon , Muntom Thanaphob , Thumvisuttivarakorn Varalee
Published: October 2022

Apartments are rental housing that grows in line with the demand for habitats, both from the increase in the population and the relocation of residence for work and study. The right location selection for the development of a rental residential project is an important factor that a project developer must decide before actualizing a project since it is a factor that is tied to the location of the land and the surrounding environments. This research aimed to develop the models for the location selection for apartment development, by using the Modified Analytic Hierarchy Process. This was done by collecting the data from 150 samples of apartment rental business entrepreneurs from five different areas, 30 from each. The data were then analyzed using the Modified Analytic Hierarchy Process to compare the importance of the main and sub-criteria using the pairwise comparison. The results showed that the transportation criterion was the most important criterion for developing apartment projects in almost all areas of Bangkok, except for the Thonburi area, in which the entrepreneurs are most concerned about the daily-life facilities, as well as the Eastern Bangkok area that weighs the utmost importance to the source of workplaces. Apartment developers or those who are interested in investing in such rental projects can use this model to assess the potential of different areas for analyze and compare for the precise select of the potential location to be developed as an apartment project.
The Potential of Sorafenib in Preventing Metabolic Syndrome in Rats Fed a High-Fat High-Sucrose Diet
Authors: Iqbal Adnan , Najam Rahila , Simjee Shabana , Khan Saira Saeed , Ishaqui Azfar Ather , Ahmed Salman Ashfaq , Ahmed Zeeshan , Ahmed Shayan , Ahmed Salman , Osama Muhammad , Jawed Bilal
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible preventive role of sorafenib in preventing obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes by exploring its preventive effects. As there is a rapid increase in the number of people being affected by these diseases, there is a need to find new methods to manage them. Sorafenib has been demonstrated to be a potent inhibitor of ABCC10 transmembrane protein in several studies. A recent study has shown that ABCC10 contributes to the pathogenesis of both hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Additionally, many patients who have cancer also are affected by the metabolic syndrome. Thus, cancer patients must take medicines to control high cholesterol and glucose levels, thus increasing the burden of medicines on cancer patients. As sorafenib is an anti-cancer drug and a potent inhibitor of ABCC10, it may prevent metabolic syndrome in cancer patients, thus reducing the burden of additional medications and their adverse effects. This study’s objective was to determine whether sorafenib can lower high lipid and high glucose levels in rats given a high-fat high-sugar diet. There were four groups of the rats: Group I: control (Standard Diet); Group II: diabetic (type-2) rats were given high-fat diet feed and sucrose through drinking water (25% sucrose) for 60 days (HFSD); Group III: diabetic (type-2) rats were given sorafenib 10 mg/kg/d (orally) for 60 days (HFS-S); Group IV: diabetic (type-2) rats were given metformin (50 mg/kg/d). Blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, and liver enzyme levels were measured. Histopathological analysis of the liver was also conducted using an optical microscope. There was a significant weight reduction when sorafenib was administered to rats. The treatment produces a significant improvement in triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, it also lowers blood glucose levels and improves insulin sensitivity (P < 0.05). Moreover, hepatic steatosis was also prevented by sorafenib in the histopathological analysis of the liver. According to our study, the effects of sorafenib were significant in improving dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin sensitivity, as well as preventing the accumulation of fatty deposits in the rats' liver tissue when sorafenib was administered with a high-fat sucrose diet.
The Digital Module to Improve Students’ SEP Skills during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wirdiyatusyifa  , Sunarno Widha , Supriyanto Agus
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in learning activities that were originally carried out face-to-face in schools to turn into online learning. The implementation of online learning has several challenges, one of which is the development of student skills in the 21st century, especially SEP skills. SEP skills of students are needed in learning physics. Students' SEP skills are currently still in the low category. To support the improvement of students' SEP skills, teaching materials in the form of digital modules are applied. This study aimed to examine the role of digital modules in improving students' SEP skills during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method with a questionnaire technique using 38 items based on eight aspects of SEP skills. The participants in this study were 23 students in a high school in Karanganyar Regency, Indonesia. The results showed that the average SEP skill score after using the digital module was higher (102.34) than before using the digital module (90.58). Based on the value of N gain, the improvement of students' SEP skills in the initial three aspects is in the medium category and the other five aspects are in the low category. The digital module was proved to affect improving SEP skills, although the increase was not very significant. This is because the digital module is equipped with various novelties such as virtual laboratory activities, physics animations, and interactive videos that can help improve students' SEP skills.
Comparative Assessment of the Physicochemical Properties of Different Brands of Levothyroxine
Authors: Sattar Anum , Naveed Safila , Rehman Hina , Ayaz Sultan , Usman Rafia , Yasmeen Sidra , Razzaq Ghulam , Qamar Fatima , Sadia Halima
Published: October 2022

Levothyroxine is an oral form of drug that is used for hypothyroidism disorder. Hypothyroidism disorder is a condition in which the gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones for the body to perform its functions effectively. In the commercial market, various brands of levothyroxine are available that are frequently prescribed for hypothyroidism. In this study, we determined the comparative assessment of physicochemical properties of different brands of marketed available levothyroxine oral tablets in Karachi, Pakistan. In this study, we evaluated the pharmaceutical equivalency of different marketed brands of levothyroxine by using QC parameters, i.e., weight variation, thickness, hardness, and disintegration. Instruments used for different analyses included digital weighing balance, hardness apparatus, vernier caliper, and disintegration tester. Different brands of levothyroxine were purchased from the different community pharmacies for physicochemical analysis and performed physiochemical tests with the comparison of BP and USP specifications. The physicochemical properties of different marketed brands of levothyroxine were performed through digital weighing balance, hardness apparatus, vernier caliper, and disintegration tester. The weight variation is performed using digital weighing balance. First, we determined the parent drug, i.e., Synthroid .0833; however, the rest of the drugs including Eltroxin, thyroxin, and thyronorm are 0.170, 0.146, and 0.1043. The thickness was measured using vernier caliper, and the calculated values of Synthroid, Eltroxin, thyroxine, and thyronorm were 0.0640, 0.410, 0.0847, and 0.1106. The hardness was measured using hardness tester, and the calculated values for synthroid, Eltroxin, thyroxine, and thyronorm were 3.5400, 3.8300, 3.3700, 3.6800. The disintegration was measured with the disintegration tester, and the calculated values of Synthroid, Eltroxin, thyroxine, and thyronorm were 4 min;10 seconds, 1 min, 2 min; 48 seconds and 1 minutes; 43 seconds. Physicochemical properties of all four brands of levothyroxine showed slight differences within the range of BP and USP. This research compared the physicochemical properties of different marketed available brands of levothyroxine with those of a parent company in Karachi, Pakistan. Drug release investigation and bioequivalence should be performed in the near future for more authenticity and prescription confidence.
Assessment of Thoracic Kyphosis Using Flexicurve Ruler after Open Heart Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hassan Ali M. , Bary Mohamed Abdel , Kamel Sara M. Mohamed , Hegazy Fatma A. , Aboelnasr Emad A. , Helmy Amany M. , Abdelhamid Ahmed S.
Published: October 2022

In literature, the development of spinal deformities was reported after surgical intervention for congenital heart disease using thoracotomy and sternotomy incisions in children; however, there are not enough data regarding the incidence of spinal kyphosis after open-heart surgery in adults. This study aimed to determine the impact of open-heart surgery using median sternotomy incision on the sagittal plane thoracic spine curve and pulmonary functions after open-heart surgery. A cross- sectional study was conducted on 100 participants (53 ± 9.43 years), who underwent open heart surgery using median sternotomy. The spinal kyphotic curve was evaluated using a Flexicurve ruler and spirometry parameters [forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC)] were evaluated before and one week after open-heart surgery. The comparison between the preoperative and postoperative measurements of the variables under study was performed using the paired t-test. Statistical significance was set at (P ˂ 0.05). The results revealed a significant increase in the dorsal kyphotic curve (9.75 ± 2.32) and a significant decrease in all spirometry parameters under study [(FVC: 2.12 ± .77); (FEV1:1.55 ± .64) and (FEV1/FVC: 0.72 ± .13)] with an alpha level of (P < 0.05). There is a high incidence of exaggerating the sagittal plane thoracic spine curvature (thoracic kyphosis), and reduction in the pulmonary functions after open-heart surgery using median sternotomy incision.
How Strategic Management Helped Organizations Manage the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Al Humeisat Ethar Khalaf Ibrahim , Abushattal Moutasem Mahdi Salameh
Published: October 2022

The study aimed to determine how strategic management can help organizations contain the effects of COVID-19 virus spread and maintain high performance and profits during the closing period. This study examined the role of environmental scanning, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategy evaluation as dimensions of strategic management and how it helps in managing the spread of COVID-19. A questionnaire was sent to 146 operations/risk managers in Jordan’s industrial organization sector as part of the quantitative methodology. Primary data screening and analysis was done according to SPSS and other statistical tests including multiple and simple regression, mean and standard deviation, frequency and percentage. It was determined that strategic management contributed to a well-built COVID-19 pandemic management plan with an R value of 721 and a strong correlation coefficient. Additionally, all the variables in the research had a correlation coefficient that ranged from moderate to high. A correlation value R = 0.713 indicated that strategy assessment helped propose a well-built COVID-19 pandemic management. The novelty of the current study focused on the fact that industrial facilities should supply infrastructure and equipment, and prioritize the well-being of their workers, their happiness and involvement in decision-making, as the epidemic spreads. Study advocated learning from other businesses’ experiences to create a clear picture of organizational and managerial strategies during the spread of a pandemic that threatens the lives of people.