bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Susceptibility to Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Predisposition to Cardiometabolic Disease
Authors: Nielsen Valdemar Wendelboe , Bundgaard Vad Oliver , Holgersen Nikolaj , Paludan-Müller Christian , Meseguer Monfort Laia , Beyer Astrid Filt , Jemec Gregor Borut Ernst , Kjærsgaard Andersen Rune , Egeberg Alexander , Thyssen Jacob P. , Svendsen Jesper Hastrup , Rosenø Nana Aviaaja Lippert , Hansen Peter Riis , Thomsen Simon Francis , Salling Olesen Morten
Published: October 2024

Importance

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated with an increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases compared with the general population. Any association between polygenic risk for HS, risk of incident cardiometabolic outcomes, and the plasma proteome is unclear.

Objective

To investigate the genetic correlation between HS and cardiometabolic disease.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used a polygenic risk score (PRS) for HS to examine the risks of coronary artery disease (CAD) and diabetes and identify changes in the plasma proteome in individuals of European ancestry from the UK Biobank. Participants were enrolled from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2010. End of follow-up was January 1, 2023. Correlations were assessed between HS susceptibility and cardiometabolic traits using linkage disequilibrium score regression. Odds ratios were assessed in logistic regressions. The risk of incident CAD and diabetes was estimated in cause-specific survival models designed as time-to-event analyses.

Exposure

The PRS for HS.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Main outcomes were CAD and diabetes diagnosis measured by logistic regressions and incident disease measured by Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, and smoking status.

Results

The study included 391 481 individuals (median [IQR] age, 58 [51-64] years; 209 235 [53%] female). Genetic variants for HS correlated significantly with variants associated with CAD, diabetes, and plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein. Compared with the low-risk group, a high PRS for HS (≥75th percentile) conferred odds ratios of 1.09 (95% CI, 1.06-1.12; P < .001) for CAD and 1.13 (95% CI, 1.10-1.17; P < .001) for diabetes. Estimates remained consistent when examining only incident CAD and diabetes. The PRS for HS was significantly associated with altered expression of 58 plasma proteins. Integrating this proteomic profile and the PRS for HS in a machine learning model improved prediction of CAD and diabetes compared with a reference model based on sex, age, and body mass index.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that a high genetic risk of HS is associated with increased risk of subsequent CAD and diabetes and altered composition of the plasma proteome. Additional investigation into the identified proteins and their potential roles as drug targets is warranted.
Temporal and spatial variability in availability bias has consequences for marine bird abundance estimates during the non‐breeding season
Authors: Dunn Ruth E. , Duckworth James , O'Brien Susan , Furness Robert W. , Buckingham Lila , Daunt Francis , Bogdanova Maria , Green Jonathan A.
Published: October 2024

To effectively monitor how marine ecosystems are being reshaped by anthropogenic pressures, we require understanding of species abundances and distributions. Due to their socio‐economic and ecological value, predatory species are often at the forefront of survey efforts. However, survey data are only valuable if they can reliably be converted into estimates of underlying distributions.

We consider at‐sea surveys of marine predators that often inform ecological impact assessments of offshore windfarms. These surveys are subject to a form of detection bias called ‘availability bias’ whereby individuals which are submerged below the surface are consequently ‘unavailable’ for detection. Although correction factors are commonly used in these surveys, they are currently based on limited data that may not be species‐, time‐, or area‐specific. Here, we use time‐depth‐recorder data to investigate variation in marine bird availability bias.

We found that the proportion of diving marine birds submerged below the sea surface during daylight hours, and therefore unavailable to be counted during surveys, varied by species, month, and area. For three of our focal species wintering around northwest Europe (Atlantic puffin, common guillemot, razorbill), our results were different to comparable values previously used to correct for the availability bias, whereas no correction factors are regularly used for the fourth species (red‐throated diver). We now present availability bias correction factors that are species‐ and month‐specific to the areas the study populations use during their non‐breeding seasons: the North Sea, the north and west coasts of the UK, the Baltic Sea, and Icelandic coastal waters.

Practical implication: Variation in the proportion of daylight hours that marine birds spent submerged lead to differences in availability bias correction factors, thereby impacting estimations of their abundances. We encourage use of correction factors that use data from the species, marine area, and month during which surveys are conducted to provide more accurate abundance estimates. Using more relevant correction factors will result in increasingly accurate abundance and distribution estimates of diving marine birds, with relevance for a range of applications including planning for offshore windfarm developments, the designation and monitoring of protected areas, and understanding environmental change.
Transition Guide Dissemination to Foster Patient–Care Team Conversations: A Childhood Arthritis Rheumatology Research Alliance Transition Learning Collaborative Pilot Implementation Study
Authors: Chang Joyce C. , Alonzi Gabrielle , Sears Cora , Bitencourt Nicole , Hernandez Alex , Peterson Rosemary , Alperin Risa , Overbury Rebecca S. , dela Paz Mariel , Waqar‐Cowles Lindsay N. , White Patience H. , Carandang Kristine , Lawson Erica F. ,   for the CARRA Transition Workgroup
Published: October 2024

Objective

Uptake of evidence‐informed health care transition processes among pediatric rheumatologists is low despite poor outcomes of transition from pediatric to adult care. We piloted a learning collaborative model to implement transition guides. We dually assessed implementation outcomes and changes in reported patient–care team discussions about transition.

Methods

This was a type II hybrid effectiveness‐implementation pilot study of transition guide dissemination to patients at least 14 years old with rheumatic conditions across nine pediatric rheumatology centers in the Childhood Arthritis Rheumatology Research Alliance Transition Learning Collaborative. We evaluated implementation outcomes (feasibility, adaptations, and fidelity) and the proportion of patients surveyed that reported having discussions with their care team regarding transfer planning.

Results

Six sites were retained through the COVID‐19 pandemic (below 70% target). Five out of six sites contributed outcome data (met 80% target) but with substantial heterogeneity in how transition guides were shared (eg, in‐person, electronic messages, and posted flyers), and data were collected. The pooled proportion of respondents having discussed transfer planning with their care team was 39% preimplementation (n = 239; 95% confidence interval [CI] 32%–46%) and 55% postimplementation (n = 864; 95% CI 36%–73%). After implementation, there were significant increases in the likelihood of respondents recalling receiving a transition guide (odds ratio [OR] 2.58, 95% CI 1.35–4.92) and discussing transfer planning (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.30–3.52), adjusted for age and site of care.

Conclusion

Transition guide dissemination is a simple intervention associated with increased awareness among young people with rheumatic conditions and discussions with their care team about transition preparation. The learning collaborative model facilitated identification of several dissemination strategies adaptable to site‐specific resources.
Copper‐Mediated C–H Cyclization of Heterocycles: Facile Access to Multiple Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials
Authors: Wan Liqiu , Wang Kangmin , Liu Junxiang , Yang Xianhui , Li Bijin
Published: October 2024

Reported herein is the first example of a copper‐mediated C─H cyclization of heterocycles to construct structurally diverse carbonyl‐bridged triphenylamine compounds with multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) characteristics. The one‐pot synthesis method exhibits a broad substrate scope and opens a new avenue for rapidly screening high‐performance organic TADF luminescent materials. Novel organic TADF single‐molecule white‐light material 5g with anti‐Kasha dual‐emission character is the first time developed herein and shows a Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) coordinate of (0.33, 0.35) in the thin film, and can be used to fabricate robust and low cost organic white light‐emitting diodes (LED). Furthermore, the anti‐Kasha dual‐emission material 5g is fabricated as water‐dispersed nanoparticles (NPs)NPs, which can be efficiently endocytosed into the HeLa cells and dual emission imaging in living cells, and be used in two‐channel emission intensity ratio imaging to observe the intercellular structure.
Construction of Low‐Softening‐Point Coal Pitch Derived Carbon Nanofiber Films as Self‐Standing Anodes Toward Sodium Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yamin , Wang Guangyuan , Yue Peng , Sun Jinfeng , Gao Musen , Wang Jinlong , Hou Linrui , Chen Meng , Yuan Changzhou
Published: October 2024

To achieve high‐quality hard carbon nanofibers (HCNFs), and particularly flexible HCNFs films is the eternal pursuit from low‐cost coal pitch (CP). However, it is still trapped seriously by the inborn bottleneck of low‐softening‐point (LSP) characteristics of CP itself. Herein, an efficient Bi(NO3)3·5H2O‐assisted electrospinning‐carbonization methodology is creatively devised to obtain flexible HCNFs films directly from LSP CP. The essential roles of Bi(NO3)3·5H2O and pre‐oxidation in constructing flexible films are rationally proposed. With further regulation in Bi(NO3)3·5H2O dosage and calcination temperatures, specific micro‐structures/morphologies of flexible HCNFs films are finely optimized. The optimum HCNFs‐1.2 film is endowed with robust structural flexibility/stability, high‐content active oxygen/nitrogen groups, abundant graphic microcrystalline zones of large interlayer spacing, and convenient ion‐diffusion channels. Thanks to such remarkable merits, HCNFs‐1.2 retains a large reversible capacity of 125.3 mAh g‒1 over 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g‒1, when evaluated as a self‐supporting film anode for sodium dual‐ion batteries (SDIBs). Furthermore, the HCNFs‐1.2‐based SDIBs deliver a specific capacity of 90.9 mAh g‒1 at 0.1 A g‒1, along with a capacity retention of 78.4% after 1500 cycles at 1.0 A g‒1. The insightful understanding here will provide meaningful guidance for rational design of advanced flexible film electrodes toward next‐generation SDIBs and beyond.
Coaxial Nanofiber Binders Integrating Thin and Robust Sulfide Solid Electrolytes for High‐Performance All‐Solid‐State Lithium Battery
Authors: Su Zhengkang , Li Guang , Zhang Jingjing
Published: October 2024

To access the theoretically high energy density of sulfide‐based all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs), a thin and robust sulfide electrolyte membrane is essential. Given the pivotal role of binder in preserving the structural integrity and interfacial stability of sulfide electrolytes upon cycling, it is desired to integrate binding capability, toughness, and stiffness into one binder, yet remains difficult. Herein, this challenge is addressed using a nanofiber‐reinforced strategy in the solvent‐free dry‐film process. A coaxial polyvinylidene poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) @ thermoplastic polyurethane (PVDF‐HFP@TPU) nanofiber binder is embedding into a Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) matrix to obtain a sulfide thin‐layer (LPSCl‐P@T). During hot calendering of the sulfide‐binder mixture, the PVDF‐HFP shell layer melts and tightly binds LPSCl particles. The underlying TPU core layer, which maintains the fibrous structure, reinforces the structural stability of the membrane. Particularly, the fiber‐matrix connection is improved with the assistance of the molten PVDF‐HFP, collectively contributing to the effective dissipation of the mechanical stress. Controlled fusion of the core‐shell nanofiber also leads to enhanced interfacial anchoring of the cathode and electrolyte. The assembled cells with LPSCl‐P@T deliver stable cycling performances. The PVDF‐HFP@TPU nanofiber binder overcomes the long‐existing incompatible problems between binder toughness and stiffness, and shows promises in developing high‐performance sulfide‐based ASSLBs.
Achieving 19.72% Efficiency in Ternary Organic Solar Cells through Electrostatic Potential‐Driven Morphology Control
Authors: Liang Wenting , Zhu Shenbo , Sun Kangbo , Hai Jiefeng , Cui Yongjie , Gao Chuanlin , Li Wenqin , Wu Zihua , Zhang Guangye , Hu Huawei
Published: October 2024

The ternary strategy has proven effective in enhancing the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), yet identifying the optimal third component remains a challenge due to the lack of theoretical frameworks for predicting its impact based on molecular structure. This study addresses this challenge by proposing quantitative parameters derived from molecular surface electrostatic potential (ESP) as criteria for selecting ternary components. The asymmetric acceptor BTP‐OS, which exhibits a lower total average ESP and larger molecular polarization index relative to the host acceptor, is introduced into the PM6:L8‐BO system. This incorporation led to weakened ESP‐induced intermolecular interactions and reduce miscibility with donor polymer, resulting in an optimized multi‐scale morphology of the ternary blend. Consequently, the ternary device achieved an efficiency of 19.72%, one of the highest values for PM6:L8‐BO‐based ternary devices, with enhanced exciton dissociation and charge collection, lower energy disorder, and minimized non‐radiative energy losses. Comparable efficiency improvements are also verified in PM6:BTP‐eC9 and D18:N3 systems, demonstrating the broad applicability of the proposed approach. This study not only provides a practical and effective principle for selecting ternary components but also establishes a broader framework for optimizing ternary OSCs, potentially advancing the development of more efficient OSCs across diverse material systems.
Engineering Macrophage‐Derived Exosome to Deliver Pirfenidone: A Novel Approach to Combat Silicotic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Chen Zhen , Yun Xiang , Tian Jiaqi , Li Fei , Zhang Zitong , Meng Jiahua , Li Ning , Bian Hongying , Duan Shuyin , Zhang Lin
Published: October 2024

Silicosis is a severe lung disease characterized by diffuse pulmonary fibrosis, for which there is currently no effective treatment. Pirfenidone (PFD) shows great antifibrotic potential but is clinically hindered by low bioavailability and gastrointestinal side effects. To address these limitations, this study develops a PFD delivery system (PFD‐Exo) using J774A.1 macrophage‐derived exosomes. Firstly, PFD is loaded via sonication, then PFD‐Exo is characterized using Raman spectral imaging and UV absorption spectroscopy. Finally, in vitro and in vivo silicosis models are established to evaluate its antifibrotic effects. Results show that PFD‐Exo outperforms free PFD in inhibiting TGF‐β1‐induced transdifferentiation of primary lung fibroblasts in vitro. In a mouse model of silicosis, PFD‐Exo is found to be accumulated in the lungs following intratracheal administration and significantly ameliorates pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis while minimizing gastrointestinal side effects. Mechanistic studies reveal that PFD‐Exo modulates the TGF‐β signaling pathway by downregulating SMAD3 and upregulating SMAD7 and NOGGIN. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence of macrophage‐derived exosomes as an effective PFD delivery system for silicosis treatment and offers a promising strategy for other refractory pulmonary diseases.
Synergistic effect of Hypoxic Conditioning and Cell‐Tethering Colloidal Gels enhanced Productivity of MSC Paracrine Factors and Accelerated Vessel Regeneration
Authors: Lee Myung Chul , Lee Jae Seo , Kim Seongsoo , Jamaiyar Anurag , Wu Winona , Gonzalez Montserrat Legorreta , Durán Tania Carolina Acevedo , Madrigal‐Salazar Andrea Donaxi , Bassous Nicole , Carvalho Violeta , Choi Cholong , Kim Da‐Seul , Seo Jeong Wook , Rodrigues Nelson , Teixeira Senhorinha F.C.F. , Alkhateeb Abdulhameed F. , Soto Javier Alejandro Lozano , Hussain Mohammad Asif , Leijten Jeroen , Feinberg Mark W. , Shin Su Ryon
Published: October 2024

Microporous hydrogels have been widely used for delivering therapeutic cells. However, several critical issues, such as the lack of control over the harsh environment they are subjected to under pathological conditions and rapid egression of cells from the hydrogels, have produced limited therapeutic outcomes. To address these critical challenges, cell‐tethering and hypoxic conditioning colloidal hydrogels containing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are introduced to increase the productivity of paracrine factors locally and in a long‐term manner. Cell‐tethering colloidal hydrogels that are composed of tyramine‐conjugated gelatin prevent cells from egressing through on‐cell oxidative phenolic crosslinks while providing mechanical stimulation and interconnected microporous networks to allow for host‐implant interactions. Oxygenating microparticles encapsulated in tyramine‐conjugated colloidal microgels continuously generated oxygen for 2 weeks with rapid diffusion, resulting in maintaining a mild hypoxic condition while MSCs consumed oxygen under severe hypoxia. Synergistically, local retention of MSCs within the mild hypoxic‐conditioned and mechanically robust colloidal hydrogels significantly increased the secretion of various angiogenic cytokines and chemokines. The oxygenating colloidal hydrogels induced anti‐inflammatory responses, reduced cellular apoptosis, and promoted numerous large blood vessels in vivo. Finally, mice injected with the MSC‐tethered oxygenating colloidal hydrogels significantly improved blood flow restoration and muscle regeneration in a hindlimb ischemia (HLI) model.
Designing Contact Independent High‐Performance Low‐Cost Flexible Electronics
Authors: Waldrip Matthew , Yu Yue , Dremann Derek , Losi Tommaso , Willner Benjamin , Caironi Mario , McCulloch Iain , Jurchescu Oana D.
Published: October 2024

Organic semiconductors enable low‐cost solution processing of optoelectronic devices on flexible substrates. Their use in contemporary applications, however, is sparse due to persistent challenges in achieving the requisite performance levels in a reliable and reproducible manner. A critical bottleneck is the inefficiency associated with charge injection. Here, large‐scale simulations are employed to identify operational windows where key device parameters that are difficult to control experimentally, such as the contact resistance, become less consequential to overall device functionality. This design methodology overcomes injection barrier limitations in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), leading to high charge carrier mobility and significantly expanding the range of suitable electrode materials. Leveraging this new understanding, all‐organic, solution‐deposited OFETs are successfully fabricated on flexible substrates. These devices incorporate printed contacts and showcase mobilities exceeding 5 cm2 Vs−1. These results provide a route for accessing the fundamental limits of material properties even in the absence of ideal contacts – a critical step in establishing reliable structure/property relationships and optimal material design paradigms. While reducing the injection barrier and contact resistance remains critical for achieving high OFET performance, this work demonstrates a path toward consistently achieving high charge carrier mobility through device geometry design, ultimately reducing processing complexity and cost.
Stretchable Wearable Wireless Bioelectronics Using All Printed Pressure Sensors and Strain Gauges
Authors: Zavanelli Nathan , Lee Yoon Jae , Kim Myungchul , Bateman Allison , Guess Matthew , Kim Hyeonseok , Patel Dinesh K. , Yeo Woon‐Hong
Published: October 2024

The sense of touch and perception of hand motion form an essential part of the somatic sensory system. Although piezoelectric sensors demonstrate high sensitivity and linearity, they are traditionally not employed for electronic skins because of their limited stretchability. Here, a printed, skin‐conformal, electronic system consisting of stretchable piezoelectric pressure sensors and carbon nanotube strain gauges capable of identifying tactile sensations and joint movements on the hand is introduced. The pressure sensor demonstrates both high sensitivity (19.9 mV kPa−1) and linearity (0.1–1000 kPa) while being reliably stretchable to above 15%. To complement the pressure sensing functionality, a strain gauge is fabricated in a rapid stamp printing process and designed to demonstrate excellent mechanical reliability with up to 70% strain and high sensitivity (36.5‐gauge factor). These sensors can seamlessly conform to numerous anatomical regions and cover wide areas of the skin, making them ideal for deployment in an electronic skin. Finally, the sensors are integrated with a flexible microelectronic device to demonstrate their functionality in human touch and prosthetic hand applications.
Realization of Secure Robotic Brain Via Programmable Metasurface with Robust High‐Order BIC
Authors: Wang Xiuyu , Wang Xiaoman , Ren Qun , You Jianwei , Zou Kaiwen , Yang Boxiang , Lan Zhihao , He Liu , Sha Wei E. I. , Yao Jianquan
Published: October 2024

Terahertz waves can be widely used for short‐range communication in complex indoor environments and non‐destructive object detection applications. Metasurfaces are widely used in terahertz sensing and communication devices because they can modulate terahertz waves in multiple dimensions. Metamaterial robot brain can utilize metasurfaces' powerful direct modulation ability to achieve sensing and communication functions. The metasurface devices realized based on Dynamic Heterogeneous Redundancy (DHR) architecture can improve the confidentiality and security of terahertz wave wireless communication. While the intrinsic ohmic loss and quality factor of usual metallic metamaterials are usually low, the concept of bound states in the continuum (BIC) has been proposed for stronger terahertz‐matter interactions. Among them, high‐order BICs are of interest because of their strong robustness to structural defects. Therefore, an aluminium‐graphene hybrid metasurface with high‐order BIC is proposed. We have the principle of excitation of high‐order BICs is investigated and creatively proposed with high robustness realized using the magnetical EIT effect. The robustness of the high‐order BIC is also utilized to design security hardware based on DHR architecture. The designed secure hardware can satisfy the demand for an intelligent robotic brain to the internal terahertz wave confidential wireless communication.
Versatile Spiral Donor‐Based Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials for Highly Efficient TADF‐OLED and TSF‐OLED Applications
Authors: Mu Xilin , Li Deli , Liu Denghui , Wang Jiahui , Li Jiuyan , Liu Chunyu , Zhang Jiasen , Feng Tingting , Fang Kaibo , Li Wei , Ge Ziyi
Published: October 2024

Herein, a design strategy is explored for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials by employing the meta‐linkage of the spiral‐donors 10H‐spiro[acridine‐9,9'‐thioxanthene] (DspiroS) and 10',10'‐dimethyl‐10H,10'H‐spiro[acridine‐9,9'‐anthracene] (DspiroAc) to the robust acceptor 2,4,6‐triphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine (TRZ). Two distinct TADF materials, m‐DspiroS‐TRZ and m‐DspiroAc‐TRZ, exhibiting unique photophysical properties and performance characteristics were synthesized. Interestingly, even subtle modifications in the molecular architecture can significantly impact the organization of materials in their aggregated state, thereby governing photophysical properties and inducing corresponding alterations in photoelectric characteristics. Notably, m‐DspiroS‐TRZ exhibits superior photophysical properties and exciton dynamics data, achieving a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) value of up to 95.9% and a rapid reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rate (𝒌𝑹𝑰𝑺𝑪) of 1.0 × 106 s−1. This positions m‐DspiroS‐TRZ as a potentially excellent terminal emissive and sensitizing host material, inspiring further exploration of its applications in electroluminescence. Consequently, TADF organic light‐emitting device (TADF‐OLED) and TADF‐sensitized fluorescence (TSF‐OLED) based on m‐DspiroS‐TRZ have achieved maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 31.8% and 34.5%, respectively, demonstrating the significant versatile potential of m‐DspiroS‐TRZ.
High Performance Infrared InAs Colloidal Quantum Dot Photodetector with 79% EQE Enabled by an Extended Absorber Layer
Authors: Shin Daekwon , Jeong Hyeonjun , Kim Jugyoung , Jang Eunji , Park Youngsang , Jeong Sohee
Published: October 2024

Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) with tunable bandgaps in the NIR‐SWIR range are highly valued for infrared applications including LiDAR, interactive displays, and biometrics. Particularly, for environmental considerations, photodetectors (PDs) using InAs CQDs are actively being explored. However, their performance still lags behind that of Pb‐based devices. Herein, an effective strategy to improve the photodetection characteristics of InAs CQD PDs by enhancing the incident photon usage is presented. By engineering the solvent of InAs CQD ink to increase volatility, the controllable range of absorber layer thickness is substantially extended. Then, the thickness‐ and bias‐dependent performance of InAs CQD PDs are systematically studied, guided by optical simulations. Under optimal conditions, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 79%, a responsivity of 0.6 AW−1–the highest reported for InAs CQD photodiodes, and a detectivity of 3.1 × 1011 Jones at 940 nm are achieved. Furthermore, it is found that increasing the absorber layer thickness reduces device capacitance, resulting in a faster response time of 46 ns. This study provides optical and electrical insights into how absorber layer thickness affects InAs CQD PD performance and outlines design principles for high‐performance optoelectronic devices with specified light‐absorbing layers, paving the way for the development of advanced optoelectronic devices.
Rolled‐Up Membranes from GaAs/AlOx Core‐Shell Nanowire Ensembles Through Natural Oxidation
Authors: Hashimoto Hidetoshi , Minehisa Keisuke , Nakama Kaito , Watanabe Kentaro , Nagashima Kazuki , Yanagida Takeshi , Ishikawa Fumitaro
Published: October 2024

The formation of rolled‐up cylindrical membranes stemming from the strain deformation‐induced delamination of a film‐like nanowires array composed of coalesced GaAs nanowires embedded in AlOx with a buried GaAs/AlAs core‐shell structure is reported. The delamination of the nanowires array film is driven by natural oxidation resulting from prolongated exposure to ambient atmosphere. Investigation of the structural characteristics of the nanowires in the array reveals an analytical description of the oxidation mechanism leading to the formation of the rolled‐up structures. The membrane can easily transfer by simply shaking off the surface membranes of the sample. The cylindrical membranes maintain the optical properties of the core GaAs nanowires surrounded by native oxide. The findings show the prospects for area‐saving and transferable semiconductor devices with advanced nanoscale optical functions.
Modified Biochar Materials From Eucalyptus globulus Wood as Efficient CO2 Adsorbents and Recyclable Catalysts
Authors: Zomorodbakhsh Shahab , Gonzalez Andreia C. S. , Cruz Inês G. , Piccirillo Giusi , Maria Teresa M. R. , Marques Inês S. , Peixoto Andreia F. , Gil João M. , Ferreira Fábio , Carrilho Rui M. B.
Published: October 2024

Highly porous carbon materials derived from renewable resources constitute a promising and sustainable strategy regarding the enhancement of CO2 capture technologies. In this work, the valorization of Eucalyptus globulus wood, a forest invasive species present in European forests, is performed through its transformation in biochar. The deposition of nitrogen and different metals (aluminum, copper and chromium) onto biochar is performed, using the magnetron sputtering as a pioneering technique, to produce coated biochar nanoparticles with improved properties. The resultant modified biochar particles maintain a highly porous structure and present a remarkable CO2 adsorption capacity (up to 4.80 mmol g−1 for N@BC), which is attributed to the synergy of their large total surface area (527 m2 g−1) and microporosity (pore diameter = 21 Å), with a high content of nitrogen and oxygen heteroatom moieties (40.4% N, 11.4% O). Their application as heterogeneous bifunctional catalysts in CO2 cycloaddition to epichlorohydrin is performed, in the absence of any solvent or co‐catalyst, under moderate conditions (20 bar CO2, 120 °C), leading to good conversions (up to 58% conversion) and excellent selectivity for cyclic carbonates. Cu‐coated biochar is shown to be more stable than non‐modified material, being recycled and reused along 4 consecutive runs without loss of catalytic activity or selectivity.
All‐Ferroelectric Spiking Neural Networks via Morphotropic Phase Boundary Neurons
Authors: Kim Jangsaeng , Park Eun Chan , Shin Wonjun , Koo Ryun‐Han , Im Jiseong , Han Chang‐Hyeon , Lee Jong‐Ho , Kwon Daewoong
Published: October 2024

Artificial neurons and synapses are crucial for efficiently implementing spiking neural networks (SNNs) in hardware. The distinct functional requirements of artificial neurons and synapses present significant challenges in the implementation of area‐ and energy‐efficient SNNs. This study reports an all‐ferroelectric SNN system through co‐optimization of material properties and device configurations using wafer‐scale atomic layer deposition. For the first time, a double‐gate (DG) morphotropic phase boundary‐based thin‐film transistor (MPBTFT) is utilized for a leaky integrate‐and‐fire (LIF) neuron. The DG MPBTFT‐based LIF neuron eliminates the need for capacitors and reset circuits, thereby enhancing area and energy efficiency. The DG configuration demonstrates various neuronal functions with high reliability. Co‐optimizing materials and devices significantly enhance the performance and functional versatility of artificial neurons and synapses. Meticulous material engineering facilitates the seamless co‐integration of DG MPBTFT‐based neurons, ferroelectric thin‐film transistor (TFT)–based synapses, and normal TFTs on a single wafer. All‐ferroelectric SNN systems achieved a high classification accuracy of 94.9%, thereby highlighting the potential of DG MPBTFT‐based LIF neurons for advanced neuromorphic computing.
Exploring the Effect of Ball Milling on the Physicochemical Properties and Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity of Nickel and Cobalt Oxides
Authors: Bhandari Sabita , Schierholz Roland , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. , Luna Ana Laura , Mechler Anna Katharina
Published: October 2024

Ball milling is commonly used to reduce catalyst particle size. However, little attention is paid to further changes that ball milling can cause to the rest of the catalysts’ physicochemical properties, which can impact their intrinsic catalytic activity. The effect of ball milling on the physicochemical properties of NiCoO2, NiO, CoO, and NiO:CoO mixtures is reported and correlated with their electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. It is also shown that particle fragmentation is an inherent consequence of ball milling, but some oxides can also experience a phase transformation. In the case of rocksalt‐structured CoO, it is partially or entirely transformed to spinel‐structured Co3O4. Additionally, NiCo2O4 with a spinel structure can be formed by ball milling NiO and CoO simultaneously (both rocksalt structures), but only in the absence of water. The changes impact the electrochemical activity of the initial oxides. Ball milled NiCoO2 exhibits the highest activity with a mean potential of 1.563 V at 10 mA cm−2, demonstrating the advantage of having Ni and Co in the same structure. Although NiCo2O4 is also a binary oxide, the results indicate that its metal coordination environment makes it intrinsically less active than NiCoO2 for the OER in alkaline media.
A smart lab on a wearable microneedle patch with convolutional neural network‐enhanced colorimetry for early warning of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
Authors: Xie Yuanting , Li Kaidi , Liu Jing , Zhou Ying , Zhang Chuangjie , Yu Yan , Wang Jianlong , Su Lei , Zhang Xueji
Published: October 2024

Frequent nocturia‐induced nighttime visits aggravate falls in seniors, requiring synthetic antidiuretic drugs that risk the dangerous syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), thus the detection of sodium ion and uric acid alterations during treatment is obligatory for drug‐safe management. Herein, we design a convolutional neural network (CNN)‐enhanced smart wearable microneedle array‐based colorimetric (WMNC) sensor to independently detect in vivo interstitial fluid (ISF) sodium ions and uric acid alterations. The WMNC sensor is composed of a vacuum tube‐driven microneedle array patch and a built‐in colorimetric sensing paper, enabling an efficient ISF extraction and rapid colorimetric assay. Furthermore, leveraging self‐designed CNNs, the WMNC sensor efficiently eliminates the influence of ambient light on colorimetric outcomes, facilitating a rapid and accurate colorimetric result classification. This study provides an ISF‐based rapid, intuitionistic, user‐friendly, wearable point‐of‐care technique for the elderly suffering from nocturia in monitoring their health status for early warnings of SIADH.
Divergent Sc(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization of o‐Hydroxyphenyl Enaminones with 1,3,5‐Triazinanes: Access to C3‐Aminomethyl Chromones and Tetrahydropyrimidines
Authors: Han Siyang , Fang Chengcheng , Li Sifeng , Mo Xiaoye , Xu Yingqian , An Baigang , Cheng Bin
Published: October 2024

A Sc(OTf)3‐catalyzed tandem cyclization reaction of o‐hydroxyphenyl enaminones with 1,3,5‐triazinanes has been developed to generate two distinct annulated products in moderate to good yields, which is dominated by the electronic characteristics of the 1,3,5‐triazinanes. The 1,3,5‐triaryl‐1,3,5‐triazinane reacted as C−N synthon to produce C3‐aminomethyl chromone, while the 1,3,5‐trialkyl‐1,3,5‐triazinane acted as C−N−C−N synthons to deliver N,N‐dialkyl tetrahydropyrimidine with a free hydroxyl group.
NHC‐Catalyzed [3+3] Cycloaddition of 2‐(acetoxymethyl)buta‐2,3‐dienoates with 1 C,3O‐bisnucleophiles
Authors: Cao Wei , Zhang Kai , Yu Chenxia , Yao Changsheng
Published: October 2024

Diverse transformations of allenoates catalyzed by Lewis bases have emerged as a powerful platform for generating new chemical entities in organic synthesis. Herein, an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed [3+3] cyclization of 2‐(acetoxymethyl)buta‐2,3‐dienoates with 1 C,3O‐bisnucleophiles has been developed. This approach provides a facile method to synthesize highly functionalized 4H‐pyran derivatives with a broad substrate scope (31 examples, up to 83 % yield).
Modifiable dementia risk factors associated with objective and subjective cognition
Authors: Rosická Anna Marie , Teckentrup Vanessa , Fittipaldi Sol , Ibanez Agustin , Pringle Andrew , Gallagher Eoghan , Hanlon Anna Kathleen , Claus Nathalie , McCrory Cathal , Lawlor Brian , Naci Lorina , Gillan Claire M.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION

Early detection of both objective and subjective cognitive impairment is important. Subjective complaints in healthy individuals can precede objective deficits. However, the differential associations of objective and subjective cognition with modifiable dementia risk factors are unclear.

METHODS

We gathered a large cross‐sectional sample (N = 3327, age 18 to 84) via a smartphone app and quantified the associations of 13 risk factors with subjective memory problems and three objective measures of executive function (visual working memory, cognitive flexibility, model‐based planning).

RESULTS

Depression, socioeconomic status, hearing handicap, loneliness, education, smoking, tinnitus, little exercise, small social network, stroke, diabetes, and hypertension were all associated with impairments in at least one cognitive measure. Subjective memory had the strongest link to most factors; these associations persisted after controlling for depression. Age mostly did not moderate these associations.

DISCUSSION

Subjective cognition was more sensitive to self‐report risk factors than objective cognition. Smartphones could facilitate detecting the earliest cognitive impairments.

Highlights

Smartphone assessments of cognition were sensitive to dementia risk factors.

Subjective cognition had stronger links to most factors than did objective cognition.

These associations were not fully explained by depression.

These associations were largely consistent across the lifespan.
Chemisch stabile Diazopeptide als selektive Sonden für Cysteinproteasen in lebenden Zellen
Authors: Wahl Juliane , Ahsanullah  , Zupan Hana , Gottschalk Franziska , Nerlich Andreas , Arkona Christoph , Hocke Andreas C. , Keller Bettina G. , Rademann Jörg
Published: October 2024

Von Diazopeptiden wurden schon früher berichtet, sie haben aber aufgrund ihrer hohen Reaktivität bis heute kein breites Einsatzgebiet gefunden. Wir berichten hier von der Herstellung, den Eigenschaften und Anwendungen chemisch stabiler interner Diazopeptide. Peptidylphosphoranylidenester und ‐amide reagieren mit Triflylazid hauptsächlich zu neuartigen 4,5‐disubstituierten 1,2,3‐Triazolylpeptiden. Nonaflylazid hingegen liefert Diazopeptide, die als Amide bei pH 1–14 und als Ester bei pH 1–8 chemisch stabil sind. Somit sind durch Festphasenpeptidsynthese hergestellte Diazopeptide auch während der finalen Entschützung mit 95 % Trifluoressigsäure stabil. Diazopeptide mit der Erkennungssequenz von Caspase‐3 wurden als spezifische, kovalente und irreversible Inhibitoren dieses Enzyms bei niedrigen nanomolaren Konzentrationen identifiziert. Ein fluoreszierendes Diazopeptid drang in lebende Zellen ein und ermöglichte mikroskopische Visualisierung und Quantifizierung von Apoptose durch Durchflusszytometrie. Diazopeptide stellen somit eine neue Klasse aktivitätsbasierter Sonden und Enzyminhibitoren zum Einsatz in der chemischen Biologie und medizinischen Chemie dar.
Convenient synthesis of phthalonitrile‐containing mono‐benzoxazines with exceptional thermal stability and improved curing activity
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Wang Yike , Wang Huachun , Luo Yifei , Yang Ao , Ye Jiajia , Huang Yumin , Fu Ju
Published: October 2024

Simple synthesis and high performance are eternal pursuit for polymers. To lower the curing temperature, lower the melt viscosity and improve the processability of high performance phthalonitrile resins, a solvent‐free method was applied to synthesize three from different phenols. Their chemical structure was confirmed by FTIR and NMR spectra, the curing behavior was investigated by DSC and rheology. It was found that the polymerization of phthalonitrile groups could be effectively promoted by benzoxazine moieties and the curing temperature of phthalonitrile groups dropped to around 240°C. Consequently, owing to the high curing reactivity, polymers obtained at relatively low curing temperature possessed high crosslinking density and extremely high thermal stability. P‐apn‐200, which was cured at 200°C, showed 5 wt% weightloss temperature (Td5) of 472°C and char yield (Yc) of 75.77% at 800°C. Moreover, the polymers obtained after curing at 280°C showed superior dimensional stability, CN‐apn‐280 showed extremely low linear expansion coefficient (CTE) of 10.7 ppm/°C. And mP‐apn‐280 showed HR capacity of 3.99 J/g‧K, peak HRR of 4.0 W/K and total HR of 0.8 kJ/g.
Dynamics of Reliance on Algorithmic Advice
Authors: Gill Andrej , Gillenkirch Robert M. , Ortner Julia , Velthuis Louis
Published: October 2024

This study examines the dynamics of human reliance on algorithmic advice in a situation with strategic interaction. Participants played the strategic game of Rock–Paper–Scissors (RPS) under various conditions, receiving algorithmic decision support while facing human or algorithmic opponents. Results indicate that participants often underutilize algorithmic recommendations, particularly after early errors, but increasingly rely on the algorithm following successful early predictions. This behavior demonstrates a sensitivity to decision outcomes, with asymmetry: rejecting advice consistently reinforces rejecting advice again while accepting advice leads to varied reactions based on outcomes. We also investigate how personal characteristics, such as algorithm familiarity and domain experience, influence reliance on algorithmic advice. Both factors positively correlate with increased reliance, and algorithm familiarity significantly moderates the relationship between outcome feedback and reliance. Facing an algorithmic opponent increases advice rejection frequencies, and the determinants of trust and interaction dynamics differ from those with human opponents. Our findings enhance the understanding of algorithm aversion and reliance on AI, suggesting that increasing familiarity with algorithms can improve their integration into decision‐making processes.
Education and ideological polarisation: Cross‐country evidence and recommendations for higher education
Authors: Lee Ines , Tipoe Eileen
Published: October 2024

In many developed countries, disagreement on important policy issues between groups with different social identities (‘ideological polarisation’) is increasing. In professional settings, these disagreements undermine cooperation and trust between employees, which negatively affects work relationships and managerial decision‐making. We investigate whether people with more education tend to express attitudes that are more (or less) polarised. Using nationally representative data for 18 OECD countries from 2010 to 2018, we find that in most countries, ideological polarisation between liberals (political left) and conservatives (political right) on three key policy issues (income inequality, immigration and gay rights) increases with education. This ‘education–polarisation’ gradient varies across countries, is strongest in the United States and is linked to stronger alignment between political ideology and non‐political values, and greater internet use among more‐educated individuals. This finding can explain why polarisation can persist and even increase, despite the growing availability of information. We conclude with implications and recommendations for higher education.
Bone and periosteum protein analysis via tandem mass tag quantitative proteomics in pediatric patients with osteomyelitis
Authors: Wu Xinwu , Chen Peisheng , Huang Dianhua , Pan Yuchen , Chen Shunyou
Published: October 2024

Bone healing is crucial in managing osteomyelitis after fracture fixation. Understanding the mechanism of extensive callus formation in pediatric osteomyelitis is highly important. This study aims to analyze bone and periosteum samples from pediatric patients to elucidate the essential processes involved in callus formation during osteomyelitis. The study included eight patients from our hospital: four with positive microbial culture who underwent osteomyelitis debridement and four who had osteotomy surgery as contral. We used tandem mass tag quantitative proteomics to investigate proteomic changes in bone and periosteum tissues obtained from these patients. Differential expression proteins were analyzed for their pathways through Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, GO enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, and protein–protein interaction networks. A total of 4737 proteins were successfully identified. About 2224 differentially expressed proteins were detected in the bone tissues group and periosteum tissues group. Among the differentially expressed proteins, 10 protein genes in the bone group were associated with inflammation and osteogenesis, while in the periosteum group were nine. Cytochrome b‐245, beta polypeptide (CYBB), nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP‐1), Raf‐1 proto‐oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (RAF‐1), RELA proto‐oncogene, NF‐KB subunit (RELA), and sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SGMS2) may play an important role in callus formation in patients with osteomyelitis. This study provides novel clues for understanding callus formation in pediatric patients with osteomyelitis.
Navigating tensions of sustainable supply chains in times of multiple crises: A systematic literature review
Authors: Kareem Sunny , Fehrer Julia A. , Shalpegin Timofey , Stringer Christina
Published: October 2024

The challenges posed by multi‐crisis environments, such as pandemics and geopolitical uncertainties, create significant opportunities for supply chains (SC) to enhance their sustainability, resilience, and agility, thereby developing a strategic advantage. However, seizing these opportunities is not without its challenges; critical tensions inevitably arise. This paper, based on a systematic review of 287 SC studies, identifies and discusses five key tensions: (1) increased trade‐offs between sustainability and efficiency; (2) competing priorities between SC sustainability and resilience; (3) mismatched sustainability expectations causing stakeholder pressure; (4) conflicting demands between global and sustainable operations; and (5) unintended consequences of technological innovation, disadvantaging stakeholders with limited resources and capabilities. To mitigate these tensions while leveraging on the opportunities, the study proposes several strategic pathways, including adopting circular economy principles, optimizing inventory and distribution management, employing holistic measurement and forecasting, balancing risk‐hedging with proactive risk management, fostering inclusive stakeholder engagement, balancing globalization and regionalization, and integrating advanced digital technologies alongside with SC ecosystem wide change management. These strategies offer practical guidance for building sustainable and crises‐ready SCs and set the stage for an extensive research agenda to further explore SC sustainability in multi‐crisis environments.
A Spectroscopic Study on the Amyloid‐β Interaction with Clicked Peptide‐Porphyrin Conjugates: a Vision Toward the Detection of Aβ Peptides in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Tosto Rita , Zimbone Stefania , Sabatino Giuseppina , Di Natale Giuseppe , Laura Giuffrida Maria , Flora Tomasello Marianna , Lanzanò Luca , Campagna Tiziana , Covaceuszach Sonia , Vecchio Graziella , Pappalardo Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial form of dementia mainly affecting people in the elderly, but no effective cure is available. According to the amyloid hypothesis the aggregation of Amyloid‐β (Aβ) into oligomeric toxic species is believed to concur with the onset and progression of the disease heavily. By using a click chemistry approach, we conjugated a suitable designed peptide sequence to a metalloporphyrin moiety to obtain three hybrid peptide systems to be studied for their interaction with Amyloid‐β peptides. The aim is to get new tools for the diagnosis and therapy in AD. The results described in this study, which were obtained through spectroscopic techniques (UV‐Vis, CD, bis‐Ans and intrinsic porphyrin Fluorescence), Microfluidics (GCI) and cell biology (MTT, Live cell imaging and flow cytometry), reveal interesting features about the structure‐activity relationships connecting these conjugates with the interaction with Aβ, as well as on their potential use as sensing systems. In our opinion the data reported in this paper make the porphyrin‐peptide conjugates highly compelling for further exploration as spectroscopic probes to detect Aβ biomarkers in biological fluids.