bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introducing VTT-ConIot: A Realistic Dataset for Activity Recognition of Construction Workers Using IMU Devices
Authors: Mäkela Satu-Marja , Lämsä Arttu , Keränen Janne S. , Liikka Jussi , Ronkainen Jussi , Peltola Johannes , Häikiö Juha , Järvinen Sari , Bordallo López Miguel
Published: December 2021

Sustainable work aims at improving working conditions to allow workers to effectively extend their working life. In this context, occupational safety and well-being are major concerns, especially in labor-intensive fields, such as construction-related work. Internet of Things and wearable sensors provide for unobtrusive technology that could enhance safety using human activity recognition techniques, and has the potential of improving work conditions and health. However, the research community lacks commonly used standard datasets that provide for realistic and variating activities from multiple users. In this article, our contributions are threefold. First, we present VTT-ConIoT, a new publicly available dataset for the evaluation of HAR from inertial sensors in professional construction settings. The dataset, which contains data from 13 users and 16 different activities, is collected from three different wearable sensor locations.Second, we provide a benchmark baseline for human activity recognition that shows a classification accuracy of up to 89% for a six class setup and up to 78% for a sixteen class more granular one. Finally, we show an analysis of the representativity and usefulness of the dataset by comparing it with data collected in a pilot study made in a real construction environment with real workers.
Exploring the Factors Affecting Sustainable Human Resource Productivity in Railway Lines
Authors: Azizi Neda , Akhavan Peyman , Philsoophian Maryam , Davison Claire , Haass Omid , Saremi Shazi
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to identify the critical factors and items affecting the productivity of sustainable human resources in a Railway Operation Company based on the perceptions of employees and managers in the Human Resources Department. The study was motivated by research which was applied in terms of the objectives of the study and a descriptive survey was employed as the method. The statistical population of the current study consisted of all employees and managers of the Human Resources Department of the company. Random sampling was employed to collect data and the sample size was 191 people according to Morgan’s Table. Methods including the correlation coefficient, multivariate regression, and factor analysis were employed for data analysis. The findings highlight the main factors and items affecting labor productivity in the Urban and Suburban Railway Operation Company as perceived by the Human Resources Department, which were mainly related to human resources management and could be attributed to motivation and requirements for their effective contribution to the improvement of public welfare. Organizational Attitude and Culture, Leadership Style, and Bonus and Ergonomics were extracted as factors affecting productivity or as independent variables. This study is the first study that has aimed to discuss the perceptions of the Human Resources Department active in a company. As such, the study highlights the standpoint of the main decision makers in the Urban and Suburban Railway Operation Company with regard to labour productivity in the urban and suburban sector.
A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis of Global Urban Resilience Research in 2011–2020: Development and Hotspots
Authors: Guo Ping , Li Qin , Guo Haidong , Li Huimin , Yang Lingbo
Published: December 2021

Urban resilience (UR), which promotes the implementation of resilient cities, has received widespread attention. The purpose of this study is to visualize the knowledge background, research status, and knowledge structure of relevant literatures by using a Citespace based scientometrics survey. The results show that UR is an increasingly popular topic, with 2629 articles published during the study period. (1) The most prolific publications and journals involved in the flourishment of UR research were identified by co-citation. The United States was the most productive contributor, with numerous publications and active institutions. Journal of Cleaner Production, Sustainability, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction were the three most cited journals. (2) Co-occurrence analysis was employed to determine the highly productive keywords, and subject categories in the UR domain, including “environmental science & ecology”, “environmental sciences, “science & technology”, “environmental studies”, “green & sustainable science & technology”, and “water resources”. (3) The diversity of highly cited authors in different countries and regions confirmed the evolution of UR studies. (4) Furthermore, the classification of UR knowledge was performed in the form of clusters and knowledge structure to achieve ten distinct sub-domains (e.g., Urban floods and stormwater management, Urban ecosystem services, Urban landscapes, and Trauma). This study provides an overview of UR research and research topics so that future researchers can identify their research topics and partners.
Reasoning Method Based on Intervals with Symmetric Truncated Normal Density
Authors: Wu Peng , Hou Zhenjie , Liu Jiqiang , Wu Jinzhao
Published: December 2021

Error parameters are inevitable in systems. In formal verification, previous reasoning methods seldom considered the probability information of errors. In this article, errors are described as symmetric truncated normal intervals consisting of the intervals and symmetric truncated normal probability density. Furthermore, we also rigorously prove lemmas and a theorem to partially simplify the calculation process of truncated normal intervals and independently verify the formulas of variance and expectation of symmetric truncated interval given by some scholars. The mathematical derivation process or verification codes are provided for most of the key formulas in this article. Hence, we propose a new reasoning method that combines the probability information of errors with the previous statistical reasoning methods. Finally, an engineering example of the reasoning verification of train acceleration is provided. After simulating the large-scale cases, it is shown that the simulation results are consistent with the theoretical reasoning results. This method needs more calculation, while it is more effective in detecting non-error’s fault factors than other error reasoning methods.
Health State Prediction of Aero-Engine Gas Path System Considering Multiple Working Conditions Based on Time Domain Analysis and Belief Rule Base
Authors: Yin Xiaojing , Shi Guangxu , Peng Shouxin , Zhang Yu , Zhang Bangcheng , Su Wei
Published: December 2021

The gas path system is an important part of an aero-engine, whose health states can affect the security of the airplane. During the process of aircraft operation, the gas path system will have different working conditions over time, owing to the change of control parameters. However, the different working conditions which change the symmetry of the system will affect parameters of the health state prediction model for the gas path system. The symmetry of the system will also change. Therefore, it is important to consider the influence of variable working conditions when predicting the health states of gas path system. The accuracy of the health state prediction results of the gas path system will be low if the same evaluation standard is used for different working conditions. In addition, the monitoring data of the gas path system’s health state feature quantity is huge while the fault data which can reflect the health states of the gas path system are poor. Thus, it is difficult to establish a health state prediction model only by using the monitoring data of the gas path system. In order to avoid problems, this paper proposes a health state prediction model considering multiple working conditions based on time domain analysis and a belief rule base. First, working condition is divided by using time domain characteristics. Then, a belief rule base (BRB) theory-based health state prediction model is built, which can fuse expert knowledge and fault monitoring data to improve modeling accuracy. The reference value of the feature is given by the fuzzy C-means algorithm in a model. To decrease the uncertainty of expert knowledge, the covariance matrix adaptive evolution strategy (CMA-ES) is used as the optimization algorithm. Finally, a NASA public dataset without labels is used to verify the proposed health state model. The results show that the proposed health prediction model of a gas path system can accurately realize health state prediction under multiple working conditions.
Dynamical Symmetries of the 2D Newtonian Free Fall Problem Revisited
Authors: Truong Tuong Trong
Published: December 2021

Among the few exactly solvable problems in theoretical physics, the 2D (two-dimensional) Newtonian free fall problem in Euclidean space is perhaps the least known as compared to the harmonic oscillator or the Kepler–Coulomb problems. The aim of this article is to revisit this problem at the classical level as well as the quantum level, with a focus on its dynamical symmetries. We show how these dynamical symmetries arise as a special limit of the dynamical symmetries of the Kepler–Coulomb problem, and how a connection to the quartic anharmonic oscillator problem, a long-standing unsolved problem in quantum mechanics, can be established. To this end, we construct the Hilbert space of states with free boundary conditions as a space of square integrable functions that have a special functional integral representation. In this functional space, the free fall dynamical symmetry algebra is shown to be isomorphic to the so-called Klink’s algebra of the quantum quartic anharmonic oscillator problem. Furthermore, this connection entails a remarkable integral identity for the quantum quartic anharmonic oscillator eigenfunctions, which implies that these eigenfunctions are in fact zonal functions of an underlying symmetry group representation. Thus, an appropriate representation theory for the 2D Newtonian free fall quantum symmetry group may potentially open the way to exactly solving the difficult quantization problem of the quartic anharmonic oscillator. Finally, the initial value problem of the acoustic Klein–Gordon equation for wave propagation in a sound duct with a varying circular section is solved as an illustration of the techniques developed here.
Testing Screened Modified Gravity
Authors: Brax Philippe , Casas Santiago , Desmond Harry , Elder Benjamin
Published: December 2021

Long range scalar fields with a coupling to matter appear to violate known bounds on gravitation in the solar system and the laboratory. This is evaded thanks to screening mechanisms. In this short review, we shall present the various screening mechanisms from an effective field theory point of view. We then investigate how they can and will be tested in the laboratory and on astrophysical and cosmological scales.
NSvc4 Encoded by Rice Stripe Virus Targets Host Chloroplasts to Suppress Chloroplast-Mediated Defense
Authors: Li Zongdi , Li Chenyang , Fu Shuai , Liu Yu , Xu Yi , Wu Jianxiang , Wang Yaqin , Zhou Xueping
Published: December 2021

Our previous research found that NSvc4, the movement protein of rice stripe virus (RSV), could localize to the actin filaments, endoplasmic reticulum, plasmodesmata, and chloroplast, but the roles of NSvc4 played in the chloroplast were opaque. Here, we confirm the accumulation of NSvc4 in the chloroplasts and the N-terminal 1–73 amino acids of NSvc4 are sufficient to localize to chloroplasts. We provide evidence to show that chloroplast-localized NSvc4 can impair the chloroplast-mediated immunity. Expressing NSvc4 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves results in the decreased expression of defense-related genes NbPR1, NbPR2, and NbWRKY12 and the inhibition of chloroplast-derived ROS production. In addition, generation of an infectious clone of potato virus X (PVX) carrying NSvc4 facilitates PVX infection in N. benthamiana plants. Moreover, we identify two chloroplast-related host factors, named NbGAPDH-A and NbPsbQ1, both of which can interact with NSvc4. Knockdown of NbGAPDH-A or NbPsbQ1 can both promote RSV infection. Our results decipher a detailed function of NSvc4 in the chloroplast.
A Review on the Application of Isotopic Techniques to Trace Groundwater Pollution Sources within Developing Countries
Authors: Sankoh Abdul Aziz , Derkyi Nana Sarfo Agyemang , Frazer-williams Ronnie A. D. , Laar Cynthia , Kamara Ishmail
Published: December 2021

Owing to a lack of efficient solid waste management (SWM) systems, groundwater in most developing countries is found to be contaminated and tends to pose significant environmental health risks. This review paper proffers guidelines on the application of isotopic techniques to trace groundwater pollution sources from data spanning from 2010 to 2020 within developing countries. Earlier groundwater studies in those countries were mainly focused on using hydrochemical and geophysical techniques. The limitation of these techniques is that they can only monitor the concentration of pollutants in the water bodies and possible leachate infiltration but cannot determine the specific sources of the pollution. Stable isotopes of δ18O, δ2H and δ13C can confirm leachate migration to water bodies due to methanogenesis. The high tritium in landfill leachates is useful to identify leachate percolation in groundwater. The δ15N technique has been used to distinguish between synthetic and organic nitrogen sources but its application is limited to differentiating between atmospheric vs. inorganic nitrogen sources. The use of a dual isotope of δ15N–NO3− and δ18O–NO3− is beneficial in terms of identifying various sources of nitrogen such as atmospheric and inorganic fertilizers but is yet to be used to differentiate between nitrogen pollution sources from dumpsites, sewage and animal manure. The coupling of the 11B isotope with δ15N–NO3− and δ18O–NO3− and other hydrochemical parameters has proven to be effective in distinguishing between nitrate fertilizer, animal manure, seawater contamination and sewage. Therefore, in areas affected by agricultural activities, landfill leachates, domestic or sewage effluent and seawater intrusion, it is incumbent to couple hydrochemical (Cl−, NO3−, B, DO) and isotope techniques (δ18O, 2H, δ13C, δ18O–NO3−, δ15N–NO3−, δ11B and 3H) to effectively determine pollution sources of groundwater in developing countries. The foregoing review will provide guidelines for studies that may aim to critically distinguish between seawater intrusion, dumpsites, sewage and septic leachates.
Contamination Levels of Potentially Toxic Elements and Foraminiferal Distribution Patterns in Lagos Lagoon: A Correlation Analysis
Authors: Fajemila Olugbenga T. , Martínez-Colón Michael , Sariaslan Nisan , Council Ivory S. , Kolawole Tesleem O. , Langer Martin R.
Published: December 2021

The ecological response of benthic foraminifera to bioavailable Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) was evaluated in Lagos Lagoon (Nigeria). We sampled and analyzed PTEs across Lagos Lagoon with the aim to investigate the extent of contaminated sediments, to document their distribution, and to explore the relationship between PTE concentration and the spatial distribution, composition, abundance, and species richness of benthic foraminifera biotas. PTE’s recordings showed a wide range reflecting a diffuse contamination, where Contamination and Enrichment Factor suggest low to extremely polluted sediments. Findings of a previous survey of the benthic foraminifera inhabiting Lagos Lagoon revealed diverse assemblages of benthic taxa, species-specific distribution patterns, gradients of species richness and abundance, and a disjunct distribution of agglutinated and hyaline-perforate/porcelaneous taxa along a pronounced salinity gradient. Correlation matrix analysis shows that except for Selenium, all PTE total concentrations positively correlate with mud and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and two of the most abundant agglutinated taxa, Ammotium salsum, and Trochammina sp. 1. Moreover, both species display significant positive correlations with CrF4-CoF2-F3-F4-total-CuF4-total-NiF3-F4-total-AlF4-total-FeF3-F4-total-ZnF3-F4-total. On the other hand, both foraminifers correlate negatively with PbF4-SeF3-Setotal. The overall significant positive correlation of these PTEs suggests that they behave as micronutrients when complexed with organic matter. No significant positive correlation with none of the PTEs in any fraction was found for neither species richness nor for the most abundant hyaline perforate species (Ammonia aoteana). Some PTE fractions were found to correlate either positively or negatively with individual species, suggesting that they function as either micronutrients and/or stressors. The resulting Contamination Factor of the PTE total concentrations shows that only a few sample sites can be classified as “moderately” polluted for chromium, zinc, and copper and that all sampled sites are classified as “highly polluted” for selenium. The highest concentrations for Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn were found towards the industrialized western part, an area that is characterized by moderate to high diversity but low abundances.
Treatment of Actual Winery Wastewater by Fenton-like Process: Optimization to Improve Organic Removal, Reduce Inorganic Sludge Production and Enhance Co-Treatment at Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities
Authors: Johnson Melody Blythe , Mehrvar Mehrab
Published: December 2021

Despite many wineries being equipped with onsite wastewater treatment, winery wastewater (WWW) co-treatment at municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) remains a common practice in wine-making regions. The complex and highly variable nature of WWW can result in negative impacts on WWTP operations, highlighting a need for improved co-treatment methods. In this paper, the feasibility of using the Fenton-like process to pre-treat WWW to enhance co-treatment at municipal WWTPs is assessed. First-stage pre-treatment of the WWW, in the form of dilution and settling or aerobic biological treatment, is used prior to the Fenton-like process. A three-factor BBD experimental design is used to identify optimal reaction time and initial H2O2 and Fe3+ concentrations. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal rates are not able to accurately reflect the extent of reaction. Additional trials identified solubilization of particulate COD and TOC, as well as samples handling requirements prior to analysis, as factors affecting the apparent COD and TOC removal rates. Inert suspended solids (ISS) generated during the sample handling process are found to be the response variable best suited to quantifying the extent of the Fenton-like reaction. Maximum ISS generation is observed at initial H2O2 and Fe3+ concentrations of 4000 mg/L and 325 mg/L, however, results suggest that optimal concentrations exceed these values. The impact of adding pre-treated WWW, with and without Fenton-like treatment, to municipal WWTPs’ primary clarifiers and aerobic bioreactors is also assessed via bench-scale trials. Challenges associated with co-treating WWW are found to remain despite the pre-treatment alternatives investigated, including negative impacts on simulated primary and secondary effluent quality. The Fenton-like AOP provides limited opportunity to optimize or enhance co-treatment at municipal WWTPs.
Mapping Diurnal Variability of the Wintertime Pearl River Plume Front from Himawari-8 Geostationary Satellite Observations
Authors: Hu Zifeng , Xie Guanghao , Zhao Jun , Lei Yaping , Xie Jinchi , Pang Wenhong
Published: December 2021

The spatial pattern of the wintertime Pearl River plume front (PRPF), and its variability on diurnal and spring-neap time scales are characterized from the geostationary meteorological Himawari-8 satellite, taking advantage of the satellite’s unique 10-minutely sea surface temperature sequential images. Our findings suggest that the PRPF in winter consists of three subfronts: the northern one north of 22° N 20′, the southern one south of 21° N 40′, and the middle one between 22° N 20′ and 21° N 40′. The time-varying trend of the frontal intensity generally exhibits a strong-weak-strong pattern, with the weakest plume front occurring at about 06:00 UTC, which is closely associated with net surface heat flux over the region. The comparison in frontal variability between the spring and neap tides shows that the plume front during the spring tide generally tends to be more diffuse for the frontal probability, move further offshore for the frontal position, and be weaker for the frontal intensity than those found during the neap tide. These great differences largely depend on the tidally induced stronger turbulent mixing during the spring tide while the wind stress only plays a secondary role in the process. To best of our knowledge, the distinct diurnal variations in PRPF with wide coverage are observed for the first time. This study demonstrates that the Himawari-8 geostationary satellite has great potential in characterizing high-frequency surface thermal fronts in considerable detail.
Hydrological Effects of Prefabricated Permeable Pavements on Parking Lots
Authors: Dai Kechang , Liu Weixing , Shui Xiaotian , Fu Dafang , Zevenbergen Chris , Singh Rajendra Prasad
Published: December 2021

Permeable pavements can infiltrate and reduce stormwater runoff in parking lots, but issues around long construction periods and proper maintenance still required proper research and further understanding. The application of precast concrete can help to solve this. In this study, precast concrete components were applied to the design of permeable pavements to form prefabricated permeable pavements. The laboratory study is one of the first to examine the hydrological effect of prefabricated pervious pavements in parking lots. Four kinds of permeable pavements were designed and manufactured. These had different materials (natural sand-gravel, medium sand) which comprised the leveling layer or different assembly forms of precast concrete at the base. Three scenarios of rainfall intensity (0.5, 1, and 2 mm/min) and three rainfall intervals (one, three, and seven days) were simulated using rainfall simulators. The initial runoff time, runoff coefficient, and runoff control rate of each permeable pavement were investigated during the process of simulating. Results showed that the initial runoff time was no earlier than 42 min, the maximum runoff coefficient was 0.52, and the minimum runoff control rate was 47.7% within the rainfall intensity of 2 mm/min. The initial runoff time of each permeable pavement was no earlier than 36 min when the rainfall interval was one day, whereas, the maximum runoff coefficient was 0.64, and the average runoff control rate was 41.5%. The leveling layer material had a greater impact on the hydrological effect of permeable pavements, while the assembly form of precast concrete had no significant effect. Compared with natural sand-gravel, when the leveling layer was medium sand, the runoff generation was advanced by 4.5–7.8 min under different rainfall intensities, and 7–10 min under different rainfall intervals. The maximum runoff coefficient increased with about 14.6% when the rainfall interval was one day. Among four kinds of permeable pavements, the type I permeable pavement had the best runoff regulation performance. The results revealed that all prefabricated permeable pavements used in this study had good runoff control performance, and this design idea proved to be an alternative for the future design of permeable pavements.
Application of Extraction and Determination Based on Deep Eutectic Solvents in Different Types of Environmental Samples
Authors: Wang Yonghua , Li Na , Jiang Shengnan , Chen Xi
Published: December 2021

Water sources are an indispensable resource for human survival. Monitoring the pollution status of the surrounding environment is necessary to protect water sources. Research on the environmental matrix of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) has expanded rapidly because of their high extraction efficiency for various target analytes, controllable synthesis, and versatile structure. Following the synthesis of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs), their application in aqueous matrices broadened greatly. The present review conducted a survey on the pollutant extraction methods based DESs in environmental matrices from two aspects, application methods and matrix types; discussed the potential risk of DESs to the environment and future development trends; and provided some references for researchers to choose DES-based extraction methods for environmental research.
Enteroparásitos en estudiantes de la Escuela Nacional Leoncio Quintana, municipio Maracaibo, Venezuela
Authors: Acurero de Yamarte Ellen , Barrios Rossangelica , Bellido Luis , Rojo Jhonkeyler , Arteaga Miguel , Bracho Mora Angela
Published: December 2021

Para determinar la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales en escolares de la Escuela Nacional Leoncio Quintana del municipio Maracaibo, Venezuela, se analizaron 69 muestras fecales de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre 6 y 12 años de edad. A cada espécimen fecal se le realizó examen coproparasitológico directo con disolución salina fisiológica al 0,85 %, coloración temporal de lugol y método de concentración de Ritchie. Se observó una prevalencia general de escolares parasitados de un 59,4 % encontrándose predominio del monoparasitismo en un 58,5 %. En cuanto al grupo de edades el estrato de 11 años presentó 8 casos (40,94 %) de parasitados. La prueba Chi-cuadrado resultó significativa para las variables parasitismo y edad. Sin embargo, al relacionar las variables parasitismo y sexo no hubo dependencia. Las principales especies de protozoarios y helmintos encontradas fueron: Entamoeba coli 24,39 %, Endolimax nana 21,95 %, Trichuris trichiura 21,95 %, Ascaris lumbricoides 7,31 % y la especie más prevalente resultó el chromista Blastocystis sp. con 75,61 %. La alta prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales sugiere un patrón de transmisión directa entre la población estudiada o a través del consumo de agua o alimentos contaminados fecalmente. Se plantea la necesidad de evaluar el comportamiento en la higiene alimentaria y abastecimiento de agua.

 

Palabras clave: Prevalencia, parasitosis, escolares, monoparasitismo, Blastocystis sp.

 

Abstract

To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in school children of the Leoncio Quintana National School in municipality of Maracaibo, Venezuela, 69 fecal samples of both sexes were analyzed, with ages ranging from 6 to 12 years of age. Each fecal specimen was subjected to direct coproparasitological examination with 0.85 % physiological saline solution, temporary coloration of lugol and Ritchie concentration method. A general prevalence of parasitized school children was observed of 59.4%, with monoparasitism predominating in 58.5 %. Regarding the age group, the stratum of 11 years presented 8 cases (40.94 %) of parasitized. The Chi-square was significant for the variables parasitism and age. However, when relating the variables parasitism and sex there was no dependence. The main species of protozoa and helminths found were: Entamoeba coli 24.39 %, Endolimax nana 21.95 %, Trichuris trichiura 21.95 %, Ascaris lumbricoides 7.31 % and the most prevalent species was the chromista Blastocystis sp. with 75.61 %. The high prevalence of intestinal parasitosis suggests a pattern of direct transmission between the studied population or through the consumption of water and/or fecally contaminated food. There is a need to evaluate the behavior in food hygiene and water supply.

 

Key words: Prevalence, parasitosis, school children, monoparasitis, Blastocystis sp.
Trauma craneoencefálico severo y shock hipovolémico. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Briones Briones Vielka Stefania , Prías Páez Shirley Alejandra , Alcívar García Melania Del Consuelo
Published: December 2021

El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir el caso de un paciente con un trauma craneoencefálico severo y shock hipovolémico para el manejo y atención de este tipo de patología en edades pediátricas. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 5 años de edad, que llega a la emergencia de una unidad de salud por cuerpo de bomberos tras accidente automovilístico caracterizado por fracturas craneales y faciales con exposición de masa encefálica. Este trabajo destaca la valoración inicial de la gravedad del traumatismo craneoencefálico en la primera hora mediante la escala de Glasgow adaptada a la edad pediátrica, que permite monitorizar la evolución, intercambiar información y orientar el tratamiento y el pronóstico y así disminuir el riesgo de secuelas neurológicas.

 

Palabras clave: Traumatismo craneoencefálico, choque, fracturas craneales.

 

Abstract

The aim of the present work is to describe the case of a patient with severe head trauma and hypovolemic shock for the management and care of this type of pathology in pediatric ages. The case of a 5-year-old male patient is presented, who arrives at the emergency of a health unit by the fire department after a car accident characterized by cranial and facial fractures with exposure of a brain mass. This work highlights the initial assessment of the severity of head trauma in the first hour using the Glasgow scale adapted to pediatric age, which allows monitoring the evolution, exchanging information and orienting treatment and prognosis and thus reducing the risk of neurological sequelae.

 

Keywords: Head trauma, shock, cranial fractures.
Efectividad de la trombolisis en el infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST. Nueva Paz 2010-2016
Authors: Molina Borges Mileidis , Hernández Pérez Raúl , Colón Núñez Sol Ángel , Simón Roque Ivett , Valladares Ortiz José Angel , Hernández Núñez Arnold
Published: December 2021

El infarto agudo de miocardio representa una de las patologías que más enfrentan los médicos que se desenvuelven en los diferentes servicios de emergencias. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo en pacientes ingresados en el área intensiva municipal de Nueva Paz (Mayabeque, Cuba) con diagnóstico clínico y electrocardiográfico de infarto, de enero 2010 a diciembre 2016. Universo de 35 pacientes a los cuales se les aplicó tratamiento trombolítico. Se utilizaron técnicas estadísticas de distribución de frecuencia absoluta y valor porcentual de todas las variables. La trombolisis fue efectiva en pacientes del sexo masculino, mayores de 70 años y Killip-Kimball clase l. La mayoría de los pacientes arribaron al servicio de urgencias antes de las 3 horas de inicio de los síntomas, con un tiempo puerta-aguja entre 30 y 60 minutos, predominó el criterio de reperfusión combinado y la causa más frecuente de no realización del procedimiento fue la evolución del cuadro mayor a 12 horas, en cuyo grupo se encontraron los fallecidos.

 

Palabras clave: Supradesnivel del ST, clase funcional, tiempo puerta-aguja, reperfusión.

 

Abstract

The acute myocardial infarction represents one of the pathologies that more the doctors that get around in the different rest rooms of emergencies confront. A descriptive and retrospective study came true in patients affiliated in the intensive municipal area of Nueva Paz (Mayabeque, Cuba) with clinical and electrocardiographic diagnosis of heart attack, from January 2010 to December 2016. Universe of 35 patients to which it was applied thrombolytic treatment over oneself. Statistical techniques of absolute frequency distribution and percentage value of all the studied variables were used. The thrombolysis was effective in patients of the masculine sex, elders of 70 years and Killip-Kimball class l. Most of the patients led of the 3 start hours of the symptoms, with a time door to the emergency services before 3 o'clock needle between 30 and 60 minutes, the judgement of reperfusion combined predominated and the most frequent cause of non realization of the procedure was the evolution of the bigger picture the dead persons met to 12 hours, in whose group.

 

Keywords: Supraslope of the ST, functional class, time door-needle, reperfusion.
El aborto previo como factor de riesgo de parto pretérmino en gestantes del Hospital Básico Jipijapa
Authors: Marrero González Dadier , Álava Bermúdez Silvana Lisbeth , Lange García Karla Zuleyka
Published: December 2021

El parto pretérmino es un problema de salud a nivel mundial. En la medicina perinatal continúa siendo una de las complicaciones más frecuentes, de ahí que la mayor parte de las muertes neonatales ocurren en nacidos prematuros. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre el aborto previo como factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de parto pretérmino en gestantes ingresadas en al área de emergencias y hospitalización del Hospital Básico Jipijapa. Este trabajo se desarrolló como una investigación cualicuantitativa, retrospectiva, descriptiva y transversal. Las características sociodemográficas de las pacientes con antecedentes de abortos previos y parto pretérmino mostraron que las menores de 18 años, casadas, residentes en zonas urbanas y con nivel de instrucción secundaria fueron la mayoría. Se determinó que el aborto previo predominante fue espontáneo, de dos o tres. La edad gestacional del aborto fue menor a 12 semanas, el tiempo entre la ocurrencia del aborto y el embarazo que culminó en un parto pretérmino fue de 6 meses y la complicación del aborto más presentada fue el aborto séptico. La edad gestacional y el peso al nacer de los pretérminos que tuvieron antecedentes maternos de aborto previo, en su mayoría fue mayor a 32 semanas y con un peso superior a los 2 500 gramos.

 

Palabras clave: Aborto previo, factor de riesgo, parto pretérmino.

 

Abstract

Preterm birth is a global health problem. In perinatal medicine, it continues to be one of the most frequent complications, hence the majority of neonatal deaths occur in premature births. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between previous abortion as a risk factor for the development of preterm birth in pregnant women admitted to the emergency area and hospitalization of the Jipijapa Basic Hospital. This work was developed as a qualitative-quantitative, retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional investigation. The sociodemographic characteristics of the patients with a history of previous abortions and preterm delivery showed that those under 18 years of age, married, living in urban areas and with a secondary education level were the majority. It was determined that the predominant previous abortion was spontaneous, of two or three. The gestational age of the abortion was less than 12 weeks, the time between the occurrence of the abortion and the pregnancy that culminated in preterm delivery was 6 months, and the most common complication of the abortion was septic abortion. The gestational age and birth weight of the preterm who had a maternal history of previous abortion, were mostly greater than 32 weeks and with a weight greater than 2 500 grams.

 

Keywords: Previous abortion, risk factor, preterm delivery.
Valoración del estado nutricional en niños de 5 a 10 años de la comunidad Virgen de Monserrate, Crucita
Authors: Macías Ferreiro Karina , Vélez Cuenca María Felicidad , Flores García Jaime Humberto
Published: December 2021

La nutrición es la relación que se establece entre el consumo de alimentos y las necesidades dietéticas del organismo. Una nutrición adecuada es pilar fundamental para una buena salud. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue valorar el estado nutricional en niños de 5 a 10 años de la comunidad Virgen de Monserrate (Crucita, Ecuador) de noviembre a diciembre de 2019, considerando los indicadores antropométricos de peso/talla e índice de masa corporal (IMC) de los niños según sexo y edad, factores socioeconómicos y hábitos alimentarios. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal. El universo estuvo representado por 107 niños comprendidos entre 5 a 10 años de edad. La muestra se obtuvo a través de un muestreo de tipo intencional, quedando constituida por 73 niños. Según la relación peso/edad, el 31,5 y 41,09 % de las niñas y niños, respectivamente, presentaron una valoración normal de su estado nutricional, siendo el grupo etario entre 5 y 6 años, 11 meses y 29 días, el más representativo en las niñas, mientras que en los niños fue el que comprendió edades entre 7 y 8 años, 11 meses y 29 días. El IMC indicó que el 36,98 % de las niñas presentó una valoración nutricional normal, al igual que el 38,35 % de los niños. Los factores socioeconómicos incidieron, en mayor o menor grado, en los trastornos por malnutrición, ya sea por exceso o por defecto, así como los hábitos alimentarios.Palabras clave: Hábitos alimentarios; estado nutricional; desarrollo infantil; desnutrición; sobrepeso.
AbstractNutrition is the relationship established between food consumption and the body's dietary needs. Proper nutrition is a fundamental pillar for good health. The objective of this research was to assess the nutritional status in children aged 5 to 10 years from the Virgen de Monserrate community (Crucita, Ecuador) from November to December 2019, considering the anthropometric indicators of weight/height and body mass index (BMI) of children according to sex and age, socioeconomic factors and eating habits. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. One hundred and seven children between the ages of 5 and 10 years-old, represented the universe. The sample was obtained through an intentional sampling, being made up of 73 children. According to the weight/age relationship, 31.5 and 41.09% of the girls and boys, respectively, presented a normal assessment of their nutritional status, with the age group being between 5 and 6 years, 11 months and 29 days, the more representative in girls, while in boys it was the age between 7 and 8 years, 11 months and 29 days. The BMI indicated that 36.98% of the girls presented a normal nutritional assessment, as did 38.35% of the boys. Socioeconomic factors affected, to a greater or lesser degree, malnutrition disorders, either due to excess or deficiency, as well as eating habits.Keywords: Eating habits; nutritional status; child development; malnutrition; overweight.
Efectividad de intervención educativa sobre estilos de vida en adultos mayores. Nueva Paz 2019-2020
Authors: Hernández-Pérez Raúl , Molina-Borges Mileidis , Hernández-Sánchez Yanelis , Lemus-Lima Erlys , Hernández-Núñez Arnold , González-Silió Danaikis
Published: December 2021

Una percepción negativa del adulto mayor acerca de su estado de salud puede llevar a la aparición de enfermedades crónicas, por tal motivo se realizó una intervención educativa cuasi-experimental sin grupo control, en adultos mayores del consultorio 3 del Policlínico Felipe Poey Aloy de Nueva Paz (Mayabeque, Cuba) en el período febrero-2019 a abril-2020. A partir de un universo de 268 adultos mayores, se seleccionó una muestra de 50 individuos de manera aleatoria. Se aplicó un cuestionario de estilos de vida con las dimensiones: condiciones físicas, hábitos alimentarios, hábitos tóxicos y sexualidad, que se calificaron según la escala: saludable, con riesgo, poco saludable y nada saludable. La investigación tuvo tres etapas: diagnóstico, intervención y evaluación. Se utilizaron técnicas estadísticas de distribución de frecuencia absoluta y valor porcentual de todas las variables. La intervención educativa fue evaluada como efectiva, ya que más del 70 % de los adultos mayores modificaron sus estilos de vida en las dimensiones: hábitos alimentarios (84 %); condiciones físicas (76 %) y hábitos tóxicos (72 %).

Palabras clave: Adulto mayor, estilos de vida, estudios controlados antes y después.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa y su evolución de resistencia a los antibióticos en un hospital de segundo nivel en Portoviejo, Ecuador
Authors: Pachay Solórzano Jorge Washington , Pachay Parrales Valentina Elizabeth
Published: December 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa son microorganismos oportunistas que provocan infecciones que pueden ser muy graves y que eventualmente podrían causar la muerte en individuos con deficiencias inmunológicas u otras enfermedades que los vuelven susceptibles a infecciones por estos. En el estudio realizado en un hospital de segundo nivel de la ciudad de Portoviejo, se analizó la evolución de resistencia de P. aeruginosa hacia los antibióticos durante los años 2015 al 2019. En 130 aislamientos de este microorganismo en diversas muestras biológicas en pacientes hospitalizados que correspondían a la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo, 73 (56 %) y áreas de clínica de varones, mujeres y pediatría, 57 (44 %). Se evidenció una resistencia acumulada a los antibióticos cefepime 46,18 %; ceftazidima 52,77 %; piperacilina+tazobactam 34,77 %; amikacina 28,64 %; gentamicina 12,89 %; ciprofloxacina 39,55 %; imipenem 34,76 %; meropenem 35,29 %. La resistencia a los carbapenémicos fue de un 35 % y las cepas productoras de carbapenemasas correspondieron a un 6,93 %.

Palabras clave: Pseudomonas; antibiótico; resistencia; evolución.
Caracterización del embarazo en adolescentes menores de 15 años asistidas en el área de atención primaria El Milagro, Riochico
Authors: Marrero González Dadier , Loor Ángel D. , Briones Stefania V. , López Lizeet
Published: December 2021

El embarazo en edades cada vez más tempranas se está convirtiendo en un problema social y de salud pública que afecta a todos los estratos sociales. En este trabajo se caracterizó el embarazo en las adolescentes menores de 15 años asistidas en el área de atención primaria El Milagro, Riochico, mediante un estudio cuali-cuantitativo, retrospectivo y transversal. Los factores maternos individuales predisponentes fueron menarquia entre los 10-12 años, primera relación sexual entre los 12 y 14 años, no uso de anticoncepción ni protección durante las relaciones sexuales. Los controles prenatales insuficientes, familias monoparentales, antecedente familiar de embarazo en la adolescencia y familias disfuncionales, predominaron como factores familiares y culturales, así como el abandono de los estudios dentro de los factores predisponentes de tipo socioeconómicos. Las complicaciones maternas y fetales o neonatales más frecuentes fueron el parto pretérmino, nacimientos por cesárea, sangramientos postparto, neonatos con bajo peso al nacer, con depresión al nacer, taquipnea transitoria y enfermedad de membrana hialina posterior. Se identificaron los principales factores predisponentes durante el embarazo precoz, información que puede constituir una herramienta para la educación sexual y reproductiva en aras de minimizar el impacto de esta problemática de la salud pública en el desarrollo pleno de las adolescentes y sociedad en general.

Palabras clave: Embarazo, adolescencia temprana, factores predisponentes, comorbilidades, complicaciones en el embarazo.
Síndrome urticariforme en lactante postingesta de pescado de mar: a propósito de un caso
Authors: Morales Maldonado Halmar Eduardo , Morales Maldonado Halmar José , Morales Maldonado José Gregorio , Mejías Gómez Ziulmar Joaquina
Published: December 2021

Los alérgenos son antígenos que pueden desencadenar una respuesta inmunológica exagerada en individuos sensibles, dentro de ellos los más frecuentes están representados por alimentos del mar, particularmente pescado, que contiene proteínas causantes de las reacciones inmunológicas-vasculares que conllevan a la aparición de los característicos habones y, ocasionalmente, episodio de anafilaxia. Se presenta el caso de un lactante mayor masculino de 12 meses de edad, quien presentó inicio de enfermedad actual hora y media postingesta de pescado de mar, caracterizada por lesiones eritematosas y pruriginosas extendidas. En el examen físico se evidenciaron habones de múltiples tamaños, confluentes, en cuello, tronco y extremidades, sin compromiso de otro órgano. Se indicó hidrocortisona por vía intravenosa, cediendo el cuadro a los 30 minutos después de su administración. En el presente trabajo se enfatiza la importancia del reconocimiento de los posibles alérgenos causales, así como del diagnóstico temprano y manejo terapéutico preciso, con el fin de evitar complicaciones en el paciente.

Palabras clave: Síndrome urticariforme; alergias alimentarias; alergias por pescado; IgE.
Competencias emocionales del enfermero profesional en la atención al paciente en el Hospital General Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social Manta
Authors: Vera Menéndez Dennisse Lilibeth , Zambrano Chávez Gema Valentina , Vega Intriago Jisson Oswaldo
Published: December 2021

Las competencias emocionales son esenciales para el profesional de enfermería, ya que ellas protegen de enfermedades somáticas y psicológicas, tales como el síndrome de Burnout, el estrés y la ansiedad, además de ayudar a los enfermeros a ajustarse a situaciones de cambio, resolver conflictos, trabajar en equipo y automotivarse en pro de su desarrollo personal y el logro de un mayor desempeño. Con el objetivo de conocer las competencias emocionales que posee el enfermero profesional del Hospital General Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social Manta se realizó este estudio. Para ello se contó con 61 profesionales enfermeros de dicho hospital y se emplearon los métodos: histórico lógico, inductivo-deductivo, empírico, matemáticos y estadísticos. Los resultados revelaron que las competencias emocionales tienen un nivel de desarrollo muy bajo en los profesionales estudiados, siendo las competencias del área interpersonal las menos favorecidas, lo cual apunta a la necesidad de fomentar estas competencias en el profesional enfermero.

Palabras clave: Competencias emocionales; profesionales enfermeros.
Estudio fitoquímico preliminar y actividad antioxidante de un extracto acuoso de hoja de aguacate (Persea americana Mill.)
Authors: Iglesias Guevara Dairon , Abreu Payrol Juan , Pérez Santana Danae , Cartaya Quintero Rocío
Published: December 2021

Las hojas de aguacate son una fuente importante de metabolitos secundarios, pero la cantidad y diversidad de estos compuestos es muy variable y depende de múltiples factores. Por esta razón, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo realizar el estudio fitoquímico preliminar del material vegetal y determinar la capacidad antioxidante del extracto acuoso elaborado con el mismo. Se elaboró un extracto fluido mediante el método de repercolación con mezcla hidroalcohólica al 50 % v/v (mayor extracción de compuestos) y se fraccionó. Las fracciones P (precipitado), D (diclorometano), Ae (acetato de etilo), M (metanol), Re (residuo) fueron sometidas a cromatografía en capa delgada con gel de sílice sobre soporte de aluminio. La fase móvil empleada fue butanol, acético y agua a razón de 65:20:10. Se comprobó la presencia de diversos grupos de compuestos; entre los que destacan los polifenoles. La capacidad antioxidante medida para el extracto acuoso mostró que este fue capaz de inhibir el 86,1 % del radical de DPPH en la mayor concentración de extracto evaluada (25 μg/mL). Se reporta un IC50 de 2,93 μg/mL y un contenido total de polifenoles de 3950 mg/L.

Palabras clave: Hoja de aguacate, perfil fitoquímico, extracto, capacidad antioxidante.