bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Olumlu ve Olumsuz Sanal Kaytarma Davranışlarının İşteki Stres Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: ÖZKALP Enver , YILDIZ Harun
Published: May 2018

Sanal kaytarma davranışlarının olumsuz özelliklerinin yanında, son zamanlarda birkaç teorik ve uygulamalı araştırmada bu davranışların aynı zamanda öğrenme, yaratıcılık ve inovatif davranışlar sergileme eğilimini artırdığı ileri sürülmüştür. Dolayısıyla bu davranışların olumlu yönleri ise yazında yeterince araştırılmamıştır. Bu kapsamda yapılan araştırmanın amacı, hem olumlu hem de olumsuz sanal kaytarma davranışlarının iş stresi üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmada kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak, 187 tam zamanlı çalışandan veri toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda kişisel gelişime yönelik sanal kaytarma davranışlarının iş stresini azalttığı, sapkınlığa yönelik sanal kaytarma davranışlarının ise iş stresini artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın teorik ve uygulayıcılar açısından önemi ayrıca tartışılmıştır.
Radiative effects of ozone waves on the Northern Hemisphere polar vortex and its modulation by the QBO
Authors: Silverman Vered , Harnik Nili , Matthes Katja , Lubis Sandro W. , Wahl Sebastian
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The radiative effects induced by the zonally asymmetric part of the ozone
field have been shown to significantly change the temperature of the NH
winter polar cap, and correspondingly the strength of the polar vortex. In
this paper, we aim to understand the physical processes behind these effects
using the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)'s Whole Atmosphere
Community Climate Model, run with 1960s ozone-depleting substances and
greenhouse gases. We find a mid-winter polar vortex influence only when
considering the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) phases separately, since
ozone waves affect the vortex in an opposite manner. Specifically, the
emergence of a midlatitude QBO signal is delayed by 1–2 months when
radiative ozone-wave effects are removed. The influence of ozone waves on the
winter polar vortex, via their modulation of shortwave heating, is not
obvious, given that shortwave heating is largest during fall, when planetary
stratospheric waves are weakest. Using a novel diagnostic of wave 1
temperature amplitude tendencies and a synoptic analysis of upward planetary
wave pulses, we are able to show the chain of events that lead from a direct
radiative effect on weak early fall upward-propagating planetary waves to a
winter polar vortex modulation. We show that an important stage of this
amplification is the modulation of individual wave life cycles, which
accumulate during fall and early winter, before being amplified by wave–mean
flow feedbacks. We find that the evolution of these early winter upward
planetary wave pulses and their induced stratospheric zonal mean flow
deceleration is qualitatively different between QBO phases, providing a new
mechanistic view of the extratropical QBO signal. We further show how these
differences result in opposite radiative ozone-wave effects between east and
west QBOs.
Photochemical aging of aerosol particles in different air masses arriving at Baengnyeong Island, Korea
Authors: Kang Eunha , Lee Meehye , Brune William H. , Lee Taehyoung , Park Taehyun , Ahn Joonyoung , Shang Xiaona
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particles are a serious health risk, especially in regions like East Asia. We investigated the photochemical aging of ambient aerosols using a potential aerosol mass (PAM) reactor at Baengnyeong Island in the Yellow Sea during 4–12 August 2011. The size distributions and chemical compositions of aerosol particles were measured alternately every 6 min from the ambient air or through the highly oxidizing environment of a potential aerosol mass (PAM) reactor. Particle size and chemical composition were measured by using the combination of a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). Inside the PAM reactor, O3 and OH levels were equivalent to 4.6 days of integrated OH exposure at typical atmospheric conditions. Two types of air masses were distinguished on the basis of the chemical composition and the degree of aging: air transported from China, which was more aged with a higher sulfate concentration and O  :  C ratio, and the air transported across the Korean Peninsula, which was less aged with more organics than sulfate and a lower O  :  C ratio. For both episodes, the particulate sulfate mass concentration increased in the 200–400 nm size range when sampled through the PAM reactor. A decrease in organics was responsible for the loss of mass concentration in 100–200 nm particles when sampled through the PAM reactor for the organics-dominated episode. This loss was especially evident for the m∕z 43 component, which represents less oxidized organics. The m∕z 44 component, which represents further oxidized organics, increased with a shift toward larger sizes for both episodes. It is not possible to quantify the maximum possible organic mass concentration for either episode because only one OH exposure of 4.6 days was used, but it is clear that SO2 was a primary precursor of secondary aerosol in northeast Asia, especially during long-range transport from China. In addition, inorganic nitrate evaporated in the PAM reactor as sulfate was added to the particles. These results suggest that the chemical composition of aerosols and their degree of photochemical aging, particularly for organics, are also crucial in determining aerosol mass concentrations.
Araucaria growth response to solar and climate variability in South Brazil
Authors: Prestes Alan , Klausner Virginia , Rojahn da Silva Iuri , Ojeda-González Arian , Lorensi Caren
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In this work, the Sun–Earth–climate relationship is studied using tree growth rings of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) O. Kuntze collected in the city of Passo Fundo, located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. These samples were previously studied by Rigozo et al. (2008); however, their main interest was to search for the solar periodicities in the tree-ring width mean time series without interpreting the rest of the periodicities found. The question arises as to what are the drivers related to those periodicities. For this reason, the classical method of spectral analysis by iterative regression and wavelet methods are applied to find periodicities and trends present in each tree-ring growth, in Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), and in annual mean temperature anomaly between the 24 and 44∘ S. In order to address the aforementioned question, this paper discusses the correlation between the growth rate of the tree rings with temperature and SOI. In each tree-ring growth series, periods between 2 and 7 years were found, possibly related to the El Niño/La Niña phenomena, and a ∼ 23-year period was found, which may be related to temperature variation. These novel results might represent the tree-ring growth response to local climate conditions during its lifetime, and to nonlinear coupling between the Sun and the local climate variability responsible to the regional climate variations. Keywords. History of geophysics (solar–planetary relationships) – meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (climatology; palaeoclimatology)
Inconsistencies between observed, reconstructed, and simulated
precipitation over the British Isles during the last 350 years
Authors: Bothe Oliver , Wagner Sebastian , Zorita Eduardo
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The scarcity of long instrumental records, uncertainty in reconstructions, and insufficient skill in model simulations hamper assessing how regional precipitation changed over past centuries. Here, we use standardised precipitation data to compare global and regional climate simulations and reconstructions and long observational records of seasonal mean precipitation in England and Wales over the past 350 years. The effect of the external forcing on the precipitation records appears very weak. Internal variability dominates all records. Even the relatively strong exogenous forcing history of the late 18th and early 19th century shows only little effect in synchronizing the different records. Multi-model simulations do not agree on the changes over this period. Precipitation estimates are also not consistent among reconstructions, simulations, and instrumental observations regarding the probability distributions’ changes in the quantiles for severe and extreme dry or wet conditions and in the standard deviations. We have also investigated the possible link between precipitation and temperature variations in the various data sets. This relationship is also not consistent across the data sets. Thus, one cannot reach any clear conclusions about precipitation changes in warmer or colder background climates during the past centuries. Our results emphasize the complexity of changes in the hydroclimate during the most recent historical period and stress the necessity of a thorough understanding of the processes affecting forced and unforced precipitation variability.
Seismic signature of turbulence during the 2017 Oroville Dam spillway erosion crisis
Authors: Goodling Phillip J. , Lekic Vedran , Prestegaard Karen
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Knowing the location of large-scale turbulent eddies during catastrophic
flooding events improves predictions of erosive scour. The erosion damage to
the Oroville Dam flood control spillway in early 2017 is an example of the
erosive power of turbulent flow. During this event, a defect in the simple
concrete channel quickly eroded into a 47 m deep chasm. Erosion by turbulent
flow is difficult to evaluate in real time, but near-channel seismic
monitoring provides a tool to evaluate flow dynamics from a safe distance.
Previous studies have had limited ability to identify source location or the
type of surface wave (i.e., Love or Rayleigh wave) excited by different river
processes. Here we use a single three-component seismometer method
(frequency-dependent polarization analysis) to characterize the dominant
seismic source location and seismic surface waves produced by the Oroville
Dam flood control spillway, using the abrupt change in spillway geometry as a
natural experiment. We find that the scaling exponent between seismic power
and release discharge is greater following damage to the spillway, suggesting
additional sources of turbulent energy dissipation excite more seismic
energy. The mean azimuth in the 5–10 Hz frequency band was used to resolve
the location of spillway damage. Observed polarization attributes deviate
from those expected for a Rayleigh wave, though numerical modeling indicates
these deviations may be explained by propagation up the uneven hillside
topography. Our results suggest frequency-dependent polarization analysis is
a promising approach for locating areas of increased flow turbulence. This
method could be applied to other erosion problems near engineered structures
as well as to understanding energy dissipation, erosion, and channel
morphology development in natural rivers, particularly at high discharges.
Do users benefit from additional information in support of
operational drought management decisions in the Ebro basin?
Authors: Linés Clara , Iglesias Ana , Garrote Luis , Sotés Vicente , Werner Micha
Published: May 2018

Abstract. We follow a user based approach to examine operational drought management decisions and how the role of information such as from remote sensing can be assessed. First we consulted decision makers at basin, irrigation district and farmer scale in the Ebro basin to investigate the drought related decisions they take and the information they use to support their decisions. This allowed us to identify the courses of action available to the farmers and water managers, and to analyse their choices as a function of the information they have available to them. Based on the findings of the consultation, a decision model representing the interrelated decisions of the irrigation association and the farmers was built with the aim to quantify the effect of additional information on the decisions. The modelled decisions, which consider the allocation of water, are determined by the expected availability of water during the irrigation season. This is currently primarily informed by observed reservoir level data. The decision model was then extended to include additional information on snow cover from remote sensing. The additional information was found to contribute to better decisions in the simulation and ultimately higher benefits for the farmers. However, the ratio between the cost of planting and the market value of the crop proved to be a critical aspect in determining the best course of action to be taken and the value of the (additional) information. Risk averse farmers were found to benefit least from the additional information, while less risk averse farmers can benefit most as the additional information helps them take better informed decisions when weighing their options.
Using MODIS estimates of fractional snow cover extent to improve
streamflow forecasts in Interior Alaska
Authors: Bennett Katrina E. , Cherry Jessica E. , Balk Ben , Lindsey Scott
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Remotely sensed snow cover observations provide an opportunity to improve operational snowmelt and streamflow forecasting in remote regions. This is particularly true in Alaska, where remote basins and a spatially and temporally sparse gaging network plague efforts to understand and forecast the hydrology of subarctic boreal watersheds and where climate change is leading to rapid shifts in watershed function. In this study, the operational framework employed by the US National Weather Service, including the Alaska Pacific River Forecast Center, is adapted to integrate Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) remotely sensed observations of snow cover extent (SCE) to determine if these data improve streamflow forecasts in Interior Alaskan river basins. Two versions of MODIS fractional SCE are tested in this study: the MODIS 10A1 (MOD10A1), and the MODIS Snow Cover Area and Grain size (MODSCAG) product. Observed runoff is compared to simulated runoff to calibrate both iterations of the model. MODIS-forced runs have improved snow depletion timing compared with snow telemetry sites in the basins, with discernable increases in skill for the streamflow simulations. The MODSCAG SCE version provides moderate increases in skill, but is similar to the MOD10A1 results in these watersheds. The basins with the greatest improvement in streamflow simulations have the sparsest streamflow observations. Considering the numerous low-quality gages (discontinuous, short, or unreliable) and ungaged systems throughout the high latitude regions of the globe, this result is of great value and indicates the utility of the MODIS SCE data in these regions. Additionally, while improvements in predicted discharge values are subtle, the snow model better represents the physical conditions of the snow pack and therefore provides more robust simulations, which are consistent with the US National Weather Service's move toward a physically-based National Water Model. Physically-based models may be more capable of adapting to changing climates than statistical models tuned to past regimes. This work provides direction for both the Alaska Pacific River Forecast Center and other forecast centers across the US to implement remote sensing observations within their operational framework, to refine the representation of snow, and to improve streamflow forecasting skill in basins with few or poor-quality observations.
Field evaluation of a low-cost indoor air quality monitor to quantify exposure to pollutants in residential environments
Authors: Moreno-Rangel Alejandro , Sharpe Tim , Musau Filbert , McGill Gráinne
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Measurements of temporal and spatial changes to indoor contaminant
concentrations are vital to understanding pollution characteristics. Whilst
scientific instruments provide high temporal resolution of indoor pollutants,
their cost and complexity make them unfeasible for large-scale projects.
Low-cost monitors offer an opportunity to collect high-density temporal and
spatial data in a broader range of households. This paper presents a user study to assess the precision, accuracy, and
usability of a low-cost indoor air quality monitor in a residential
environment to collect data about the indoor pollution. Temperature,
relative humidity, total volatile organic compounds (tVOC), carbon dioxide
(CO2) equivalents, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) data were
measured with five low-cost (“Foobot”) monitors and were compared with data
from other monitors reported to be scientifically validated. The study found a significant agreement between the instruments with regard
to temperature, relative humidity, total volatile organic compounds, and
fine particulate matter data. Foobot CO2 equivalent was found to
provide misleading CO2 levels as indicators of ventilation. Calibration
equations were derived for tVOC, CO2, and PM2.5 to improve
sensors' accuracy. The data were analysed based on the percentage of time
pollutant levels that exceeded WHO thresholds. The performance of low-cost monitors to measure total volatile organic
compounds and particulate matter 2.5 µm has not been properly
addressed. The findings suggest that Foobot is sufficiently accurate for
identifying high pollutant exposures with potential health risks and for
providing data at high granularity and good potential for user or scientific
applications due to remote data retrieval. It may also be well suited to
remote and larger-scale studies in quantifying exposure to
pollutants.
A Semi-Automated Algorithm to Quantify Scarp Morphology (SPARTA): Application to Normal Faults in Southern Malawi
Authors: Hodge Michael , Biggs Juliet , Fagereng Åke , Elliott Austin , Mdala Hassan , Mphepo Felix
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Along-strike variation in scarp morphology reflects differences in a fault's geomorphic and structural development and can thus indicate fault rupture history as well as mechanical segmentation. Parameters that define scarp morphology (height, width, slope) are typically measured or calculated manually. The time-consuming manual approach reduces the density and objectivity of measurements, and can lead to oversight of small-scale morphological variations that occur at a resolution impractical to capture. Furthermore, inconsistencies in the manual approach may also lead to unknown discrepancies and uncertainties between, and also within, individual fault scarp studies. Here, we aim to improve the efficiency, transparency and uniformity of calculating scarp morphological parameters by developing a semi-automated Scarp PARameTer Algorithm (SPARTA). We compare our findings against a traditional, manual analysis and assess the performance of the algorithm using a range of elevation model resolutions. We then apply our new algorithm to a 12 m resolution DEM for four southern Malawi fault scarps, located at the southern end of the East African Rift System: the Bilila-Mtakataka fault and three previously unreported scarps – Thyolo, Muona and Malombe. All but Muona exhibit first-order structural segmentation at their surface, and by using a 5 m resolution DEM derived from high-resolution stereo satellite imagery for the Bilila-Mtakataka fault scarp, we are able to quantify secondary structural segmentation. Our scarp height calculations from all four fault scarps suggests that if each scarp was formed by a single, complete rupture, the slip-length ratio for each fault exceeds the maximum typical value observed empirically in historical normal faulting earthquakes around the world, implying that their structural histories are more complex. The distribution of vertical displacement at the surface implies the structural segments of both the BMF and Thyolo fault have merged via rupture of discrete faults (hard-links) through several earthquake cycles, and the segments of the Malombe fault have connected via distributed deformation zones (soft-links). For all faults studied here, the length of earthquake ruptures may therefore exceed the constitutive length of each segment. Thus, our findings shed new light on the seismic hazard in southern Malawi, indicating evidence for a number of large (MW 7–8) prehistoric earthquakes, as well as providing a new semi-automated methodology (SPARTA) for calculating scarp morphological parameters, which can be used on other fault scarps to infer structural development.
Pseudotachylyte as field evidence for lower-crustal earthquakes during the intracontinental Petermann Orogeny (Musgrave Block, Central Australia)
Authors: Hawemann Friedrich , Mancktelow Neil S. , Wex Sebastian , Camacho Alfredo , Pennacchioni Giorgio
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Geophysical evidence for lower continental crustal earthquakes in almost all collisional orogens is in conflict with the widely accepted notion that rocks, under high grade conditions, should flow rather than fracture. Pseudotachylytes are remnants of frictional melts generated during seismic slip and can therefore be used as an indicator of former seismogenic fault zones. The Fregon Subdomain in Central Australia was deformed under dry sub-eclogitic conditions of 600–700 °C and 1.0–1.2 GPa during the intracontinental Petermann Orogeny (ca. 550 Ma) and contains abundant pseudotachylyte. These pseudotachylytes are commonly foliated, recrystallized, and cross-cut by other pseudotachylytes, reflecting repeated generation during ongoing ductile deformation. This interplay is interpreted as evidence for repeated seismic brittle failure and post- to inter-seismic creep under dry lower-crustal conditions. Thermodynamic modelling of the pseudotachylyte bulk composition gives the same PT conditions of shearing as in surrounding mylonites. We conclude that pseudotachylytes in the Fregon Subdomain are a direct analogue of current seismicity in dry lower continental crust.
Extracting recent short-term glacier velocity evolution over Southern Alaska from a large collection of Landsat data
Authors: Altena Bas , Scambos Ted , Fahnestock Mark , Kääb Andreas
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The measurement of glacier velocity fields using repeat satellite imagery has become a standard method of cryospheric research. However, the reliable discovery of important glacier velocity variations on a large scale from noisy time-series of such data is still problematic. In this study we propose a new post-processing procedure for assembling a set of velocity fields in time-series that generates a better visualization of glacier speed changes when the velocity fields are sparse or noisy. We demonstrate this automatic method on a large glacier area in Alaska/Canada. The visualization tool provides an overview of where and when interesting glacier dynamics are occurring. The goal is not to improve accuracy or precision, but the timing and location of ice flow events such as glacier surges. Building upon existing glacier velocity products from the GoLIVE data set (https://nsidc.org/data/golive), we compile a multi-temporal stack of velocity data over the Saint Elias Mountain range and vicinity. Each layer has a time separation of 32 days, making it possible to observe details such as within-season velocity change over an area of roughly 600 000 km2. Our methodology is robust as it is based upon a fuzzy voting scheme to filter multiple outliers. The multi-temporal data stack is then smoothed to facilitate interpretation. This results in a spatio-temporal dataset where one can identify short-term glacier dynamics on a regional scale. Our implementation is fully automatic and the approach is independent of geographical area or satellite system used. Within the Saint Elias and Kluane mountain ranges, several surges and their propagation characteristics are identified and tracked through time, as well as more complicated dynamics in the Wrangell's mountains.
Numerical Analyses and Optimizations on the Flow in the Nacelle
Region of a Wind Turbine
Authors: Weihing Pascal , Wegmann Tim , Lutz Thorsten , Krämer Ewald , Kühn Timo , Altmikus Andree
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The present study investigates the flow dynamics in the hub region of a wind turbine focusing on the influence of the nacelle geometry on the root aerodynamics by means of Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes simulations with the code FLOWer. The turbine considered is a generic version of the Enercon E44 converter incorporating blades with flatback-profiled root sections. First, a comparison is drawn between an isolated rotor assumption and a setup including the baseline geometry, in order to elaborate the basic flow features of the blade root. It was found that the nacelle reduces the trailed circulation of the root vortices and improves aerodynamic efficiency for the inner portion of the rotor, but on the other hand induces a complex vortex system in the junction of the blade and the nacelle that causes flow separation. The origin of these effects is analyzed in detail. In a second step, effects of basic geometric nacelle properties have been analyzed with the purpose to increase the aerodynamic efficiency in the root region. Therefore, three modification categories have been addressed, where the first alters the nacelle diameter, the second varies the blade position relative to the nacelle and the third comprises modifications in the vicinity of the blade-nacelle junction. The impact of the geometrical modifications on the local flow physics are discussed and assessed with respect to aerodynamic performance in the blade root region. It was found that increasing the nacelle diameter deteriorates the root aerodynamics, since the flow separation gets more pronounced. Possible solutions identified to reduce the flow separation are a shift of the blade in direction of the rotation or the installation of a fairing fillet in the junction between the blade and the nacelle.
Cover art
Authors: Yi Alice
Published: May 2018

Cover art by Alice Yi.
Novel hemorrhage control technologies and their potential applicability in trauma medicine
Authors: Chan Victoria , Gui Chloe
Published: May 2018

Mortality due to hemorrhage is potentially preventable but remains a prevalent problem in trauma care. Despite advances in prehospital hemorrhage control, exsanguination remains the leading and second-leading cause of mortality in military and civilian trauma, respectively. Novel hemorrhage control technologies for military and civilian prehospital use include the iTClamp (iTraumaCare, Edmonton, Canada), a mechanical clamp used to close wounds; XStat (RevMedx, Wilsonville, OR), a syringe applicator that injects expandable cellulose sponges into a wound for internal compression and clotting acceleration; ResQFoam (Arsenal Medical, Watertown, MA), liquids injected into the abdominal cavity that mix and transform into an expandable solid to compress internal organ wounds; and TraumaGel (Cresilon, Brooklyn, NY), a biocompatible gel that promotes clotting and polymerizes to form a mesh to seal the wound. These 4 technologies all show promise in effective hemorrhage control, and have been designed for quick and easy use in the setting of prehospital trauma care. However, these products are still in the early stages of development with limited research data for human use. Therefore, efficiency of use, effectiveness in hemostasis, and safety should be examined for each technology to determine whether any of them warrant widespread adoption for hemorrhage control.
Emergency lateral canthotomy and cantholysis to relieve intraocular pressure following severe motor vehicle collision
Authors: Elzinga Jason L , Bami Herman
Published: May 2018

A young woman displayed a dilated and fixed pupil following a motor vehicle collision with blunt force trauma to face. This was associated with drastically elevated intraocular pressure and proptosis. It was believed that a retrobulbar bleed was causing ocular compartment syndrome, an ischemic condition whereby elevated pressure within the orbit occludes blood flow to the retina and ocular nerves. This is a rare ocular emergency, and must be promptly treated to prevent permanent damage. Ophthalmology was consulted by telephone to confirm the diagnosis and direct treatment. A lateral canthotomy and cantholysis was performed under guidance from Ophthalmology and free open access medical education resources. The trauma team managed to save the eye, with visual acuity remaining near normal. In this report, the mechanism of orbital compartment syndrome is explained, and the lateral canthotomy and cantholysis procedure is outlined. This case highlights the importance of telephone consultation and easily accessible medical education resources in the acute care of rare conditions that may arise following trauma.
The application of quality improvement methodologies in surgery
Authors: Fong Stephanie
Published: May 2018

Quality improvement (QI) practices were originally developed in the manufacturing industry to reduce unnecessary steps in a process, minimize error, and provide maximum benefit to the consumer. QI is defined as a formal approach to the analysis of performance and systemic efforts to improve it. QI methodologies have been adopted by industries outside manufacturing, including healthcare. In the healthcare environment, performance consists of many factors including patient safety, clinical results, and system efficiency. Given the publicly funded, limited resource environment in which the Canadian healthcare system operates, the practice of delivering safe, quality healthcare in an efficient and cost-effective manner is an important factor in promoting the economic viability and sustainability of the system. Surgical practice has been identified as an area in which QI methodologies can be applied, given its resource intensive nature and highly regulated environment. Current research supports the use of QI in surgery, with interventions showing improvements in non-operativetime, on-time starts, and operating room patient volume. Limitations to the application of QI include the heterogeneity of interventions and variability in terms of procedures and patient factors. Further high-quality studies are required to support evidence-based applications of QI in the surgical setting as well as the greater healthcare environment.
Approaches to incorporating indigenous health into the Canadian medical school curriculum
Authors: Robinson Danielle , Saiva Chowdhury Anika , Shanmuganathan Purathani
Published: May 2018

In Canada, there are significant health status disparities that exist between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. Cultural competency among physicians is a probable way to address this large gap. The purpose of this article is to discuss the current challenges that exist in designing and delivering an Indigenous health curriculum in Canadian undergraduate medical school programs. This article will highlight the importance of cultural competency for improving the health outcomes of Indigenous populations. Additionally, it will explore potential approaches for better integration of Indigenous health into medical curricula.
Conservative management strategies to mitigate the increasing burden of osteoarthritis on the healthcare system
Authors: Young James J
Published: May 2018

In Canada, the incidence is expected to increase in the upcoming years due to changing population demographics. As such, researchers have recently started to focus on conservative management strategies. This article will review the current evidence available for the effectiveness of self-management and therapeutic exercise programs in individuals with hip and knee OA, as well as discuss the potential for mitigating rising healthcare costs in this population.
Understanding therapies selected for managing pain associated with spinal cord injuries
Authors: Surmanski Aneta A
Published: May 2018

Pain is a common consequence in patients who are suffering from a spinal cord injury (SCI). Such pain affects nearly all aspects of life including mood, physical function, and social activities. Management of pain must be preceded with a thorough clinical examination which characterizes pain according to a classification scheme. The International Spinal Cord Injury Pain classification system divides pain into three tiers: according to type (nociceptive or neuropathic), according to subtype (localization of pain), and according to the source. Neuropathic pain is predominately treated with three different types of pharmaceutical therapies – antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and analgesics. Multiple studies have shown amitriptyline, gabapentin, and pregabalin as being the most efficacious. Nociceptive pain is mainly treated with analgesics and physiotherapy, often together. Moreover, spasticity associated with nociceptive pain is treated with antispasmodics and physiotherapy. Non-traditional means of therapy, specifically transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, have demonstrated a favourable effect on pain. Nevertheless, finding an optimal treatment remains difficult and largely empirical. A stronger understanding of the mechanisms behind each pain type is needed in order to provide therapies that are better suited at targeting the source of the pain while minimizing possible side effects often seen in the SCI population. An integrated approach that  ine tunes the combination of pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies is needed for optimal management in SCI pain.
A case of opioid-induced hyperalgesia
Authors: Bami Herman , Ho Jordan
Published: May 2018

This article presents a previously reported case of a 44-year-old woman receiving opioids for malignancy-related pain who presented with increasing pain symptoms. After a detailed examination of the patient’s medical history, the pain was determined to be unrelated to her cancer and opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) was diagnosed. The patient was eventually treated through a gradual tapering of opioids, in addition to complementary therapy and counseling. Following the case description, a concise review of the pertinent literature on OIH is conducted, emphasizing distinguishing factors between OIH and other similar syndromes as well as potential molecular targets. Finally, a brief summary of current recommendations is provided, although further research into this area is required to better evaluate the significance and treatment of OIH.
¿Familia o trabajo? Procesos de parentalización entre au pairs latinoamericanas en el sur de Francia
Authors: González Díez Javier , De la Torre Puente Diego
Published: May 2018

El artículo explora, a partir del caso de los au pairs, de qué manera sistemas de cuidado y asistencia familiar, que siempre se han fundado sobre “lazos fuertes”, reaccionan frente a los fenómenos de desparentalización típicos de la segunda transición demográfica y al retroceso del Estado del bienestar. Basándose en una investigación etnográfica sobre la relación entre au pairs latinoamericanas y sus familias de acogida en la Región Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur del Sur de Francia, el artículo se interroga cómo las sociedades sur-europeas, caracterizadas por una ideología familista del cuidado y de la asistencia, gestionan la necesidad de incluir figuras externas en el ámbito de los cuidados familiares. El artículo evidencia cómo, a pesar del uso de un lenguaje de parentesco ficticio, la indeterminación de estas figuras deja abiertas múltiples posibilidades, que van desde una efectiva inclusión y parentalización por una parte, a una profesionalización y explotación laboral por otra.
Walking into the cyborg gym. Two conceptions of the cyborg athlete
Authors: Lopez Frías Francisco Javier
Published: May 2018

In this paper, I will draw on the different notions of the cyborg to explore the normative implications of technology use in sport. To do so, I will first analyze the colloquial notion of the cyborg (Section 1). Then, I will differentiate between transhuman cyborgs, which are enhanced human beings who keep their defining human characteristics intact from the impact of technology, from posthuman cyborgs, which are beings whose involvement with technology blurs the line between what is human and what is not (Section 2). By applying the transhuman/posthuman distinction to sport, I will differentiate transhuman sport from posthuman sport. These two notions of sport will provide the basis for analyzing two conceptions of the cyborg-athlete: the transhuman cyborg-athlete and the posthuman one (Section 3). To conclude, I will identify the transhuman cyborg-athlete as the prevailing notion of the cyborg in contemporary sports and will present the main normative challenges that each conception of the cyborg-athlete raises.
Transparentar el conocimiento urbano para el apoyo a la decisión mediante inteligencia artificial: comprendiendo la percepción infantil de los entornos escolares de Granada
Authors: Abarca Alvarez Francisco Javier , Mora Esteban Rubén , Campos Sánchez Francisco Sergio
Published: May 2018

Las recientes trasformaciones socio-económicas están incentivando sociedades que aspiran a roles más activos en la toma de decisiones, afectando a las organizaciones sociales, pero también a la gestión del conocimiento y la educación. Para que ocurra este empoderamiento es necesario un mejor y más equitativo acceso a la información, más transparente, comprensible e interpretable. El trabajo que se presenta continúa una Investigación-Participación realizada con universitarios y otros ciudadanos que permitió consensuar atributos e indicadores de la calidad de vida y sostenibilidad urbana. La investigación se enfoca ahora en el objetivo de aportar conocimiento útil para el empoderamiento ciudadano en la toma de decisiones. Como caso de estudio se seleccionan los entornos urbanos escolares de la ciudad de Granada. La información se obtiene mediante una metodología cuantitativa con formularios a niños sobre sus dimensiones: familiar, residencial, relación con el medio, y perceptiva del entorno urbano colegial. Usando técnicas de Inteligencia Artificial sobre las tres primeras dimensiones se obtienen perfiles de niños atendiendo a tales realidades. Los perfiles se contrastan con la dimensión perceptiva que los niños tienen del ámbito próximo a su colegio, representándose finalmente de manera comprensible para la interpretación directa por la ciudadanía. Se concluye que la percepción infantil de la ciudad está influenciada por el contexto familiar y especialmente por el tipo de desplazamientos que realiza, siendo generalmente más positiva cuando éstos son peatonales. Ello enraíza con la relevancia de las ideas de la Ciudad de los Niños, más peatonal y humana, legitimando líneas de acción crítica ciudadana.
Políticas públicas, planejamento urbano e a produção do espaço em Boa Vista-RR
Authors: Nogueira Batista Amarildo , Borzacchiello da Silva José
Published: May 2018

Boa Vista, capital do estado de Roraima, no que tange ao processo de produção de seu espaço urbano, não foge à regra e expressa o que ocorre na Amazônia brasileira, que pode ser analisado como reflexo da ação dos agentes produtores do espaço na proposição e na implementação de políticas públicas. O presente artigo discute a produção do espaço urbano de Boa Vista a partir da inserção de políticas públicas urbanas no período de 1988, ano da criação do estado de Roraima. O texto aborda aspectos teóricos e empíricos, elementos constitutivos da pesquisa realizada, tais como planejamento, políticas públicas e produção do espaço. A opção pelo método analítico-sintético possibilitou a reflexão sobre o urbano, tendo como base de apoio pesquisas bibliográficas, documentais e trabalho de campo, além de visitas a diferentes órgãos de gestão. A indagação motivadora da pesquisa perguntava quais eram os principais agentes promotores do espaço urbano, bem como quais eram as políticas públicas implantadas a partir de 1988. Para dar fecho ao período pesquisado, buscou-se compreender como as políticas públicas interferiram na organização do processo de produção do espaço urbano da cidade.Palavras-chave: Gestão, produção do espaço, políticas públicas, Boa Vista.
Identificação de tendências em níveis freáticos frente às anomalias climáticas ocorridas entre 2014 e 2016 em área de conservação de cerrado na região hidrográfica do Médio Paranapanema/SP
Authors: Lilla Manzione Rodrigo
Published: May 2018

Aliar as dimensões temporais e espaciais na análise de fenômenos pode trazer respostas que a análise espacial de dados geográficos sozinha não revelaria. Entretanto, reunir escalas que não variam da mesma maneira, como o espaço e o tempo, não é rotina em geociências devido à complexa estrutura desses dados. O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar o comportamento dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos frente às anomalias climáticas ocorridas no estado de São Paulo entre 2013-2016 em área representativa da região hidrográfica do Médio Paranapanema (UGRHI-17), no tempo e no espaço. Para isso, implantou-se na Estação Ecológica de Santa Bárbara (EEcSB), Águas de Santa Bárbara/SP, uma rede de monitoramento hidrometeorológica para coletar dados climatológicos e de níveis freáticos em 32 poços entre setembro de 2014 e agosto de 2016. A análise de séries temporais revelou que os estímulos climáticos influenciaram o comportamento dos níveis freáticos, indicando tendências de elevação no período estudado. Já a análise espacial revelou padrões diferenciados de elevação entre bacias da EEcSB, principalmente em função do uso da terra. Essas informações são importantes para a gestão dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos, planejamento de atividades que dependam da água e estudos sobre a capacidade de suporte de áreas quanto aos seus recursos naturais.Palavras-chave: Séries temporais, águas subterrâneas, monitoramento, PIRFICT.
A gênese da transumância no baixo Rio Amazonas: arranjos fundiários, relações de poder e mobilidade entre ecossistemas
Authors: Theophilo Folhes Ricardo
Published: May 2018

Este artigo analisa os arranjos fundiários que sustentam a transumância na região do Lago Grande de Curuai, uma área de transição entre os ecossistemas de várzea e terra firme no baixo rio Amazonas paraense. “Sociedades”, “permissões” e “arrendamentos” são os principais arranjos estabelecidos com vistas ao acesso sazonal à terra e aos recursos forrageiros na várzea e na terra firme. O estudo da transumância permite avaliar o ordenamento territorial recente que não levou em consideração a mobilidade das populações ribeirinhas entre os ecossistemas e pouco interferiu em relações de poder herdadas do período colonial.
Correlação espacial entre os usos e cobertura da terra e a temperatura de superfície nas áreas urbanas de Francisco Beltrão e Pato Branco/ PR
Authors: Rabuske Hendges Elvis , Andres Juliano , André Marion Fabiano
Published: May 2018

A vegetação é um fator determinante das condições climáticas de determinado local. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa visa verificar a correlação espacial existente entre a vegetação e a temperatura de superfície encontrada nas áreas urbanas de Francisco Beltrão e de Pato Branco. O satélite LANDSAT 8, através de seus sensores OLI e TIRS, possibilita realizar mapeamentos de uso da terra e da temperatura de superfície em mesma escala. A área urbana de Francisco Beltrão apresentou um total de 4.551 ha, sendo 1.041 ha de solo urbano, 2.584 ha de vegetação florestal e 926 ha de vegetação rasteira. Já Pato Branco possui uma área urbana total de 6.204 ha, com 3.167 ha de solo urbano, 1.466 ha de vegetação florestal e 1.571 ha de vegetação rasteira. Quanto à temperatura de superfície registrada, as duas áreas urbanas estudadas tiveram uma variação térmica entre os 19 °C e os 35 °C, sendo as áreas florestais com variação de 19°C a 29°C e a classe de solo urbano em sua maioria entre 24 °C a 35 °C. A correlação de Pearson para ambas as variáveis em sua distribuição espacial apresentou um valor aproximado de 0,75, considerada uma correlação forte.
Variação do limite praia duna nos Balneários Mostardense, Mar Grosso, Cassino e Barra do Chuí – RS no intervalo entre 2003-2015
Authors: Leal Karine Bastos , De Oliveira Ulisses Rocha , Espinoza Jean Marcel de Almeida
Published: May 2018

As praias oceânicas arenosas são extremamente vulneráveis tanto aos fatores morfodinâmicos naturais quanto às ações antrópicas. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo quantificar e caracterizar, a partir de uma série temporal de imagens orbitais no intervalo de 2003 - 2015, a variação especial do limite entre a praia e a duna frontal nos Balneários Mostardense, Mar Grosso, Cassino e Barra do Chuí – RS, a fim de estimar se estão em processo de erosão, acresção ou estabilidade. A metodologia foi empregada a partir de uma base cartográfica adquirida no software GoogleEarthPro® e técnicas realizadas nos softwares ArcGis 10.3.1® e ERDAS Imagine 2013®. A variação da linha de costa foi obtida a partir do método polígono de mudança (Change Polygon Method), por meio de uma linha de controle aplicada ao limite praia duna frontal. Para o Balneário Mostardense, entre os anos de 2005 e 2014, se obteve taxa erosiva ao longo da costa. O Balneário Mar Grosso, entre os anos de 2006 e 2015, apresentou variações ao longo dos anos, predominando acresção e desenvolvimento dunar. O Balneário Cassino, entre os anos de 2006 e 2015, apresentou taxas acrescivas bastante significativas, associadas ao grande aporte sedimentar para a praia no período. O Balneário da Barra do Chuí, entre os anos de 2003 e 2013, apresentou taxas erosivas e acrescivas. Porém, segundo evidências no campo, constata-se que esse local está sofrendo processo erosivo. As variações do limite superior de praia, limite praia duna, têm relação com a ação de eventos de alta energia hidrodinâmica, que por vezes erodem as dunas frontais, e processos de recomposição, promovidos pela ação marinha e eólica. Os resultados mostraram também a importância das características locais no contexto da variação da linha de costa
Does Lead Time in CEO Succession Matter? Evidence From Planned Versus Unexpected CEO Departures
Authors: Rivolta Mia L.
Published: May 2018

This paper investigates whether and how lead time in CEO succession matters by comparing disruption costs in firms with planned retirements to those with unexpected CEO departures due to death or illness. Using a comprehensive manually-collected dataset of CEO turnovers from 1999 to 2008, I find evidence that firms with planned CEO retirements have significantly longer lead time and lower disruption costs. Specifically, longer lead time is associated with more favorable cumulative stock performance and firm operating performance around the outgoing CEO’s departure. In fact, firms can save approximately $136 million when there is lead time to plan for succession.
Prospects of Big Data Analytics in Africa Healthcare System
Authors: Akinnagbe Akindele , Peiris K.Dharini Amitha , Akinloye Oluyemi
Published: May 2018

Big data is having a positive impact in almost every sphere of life, such as in military intelligence, space science, aviation, banking, and health. Big data is a growing force in healthcare. Even though healthcare systems in the developed world are recording some breakthroughs due to the application of big data, it is important to research the impact of big data in developing regions of the world, such as Africa. Healthcare systems in Africa are, in relative terms, behind the rest of the world. Platforms and technologies used to amass big data such as the Internet and mobile phones are already in use in Africa, thereby making big data applications to be emerging. Hence, the key research question we address is whether big data applications can improve healthcare in Africa especially during epidemics and through the public health system. In this study, a literature review is carried out, firstly to present cases of big data applications in healthcare in Africa, and secondly, to explore potential ethical challenges of such applications. This review will provide an update on the application of big data in the health sector in Africa that can be useful for future researchers and health care practitioners in Africa.