bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Do Student-Teachers Think About The Integration of Research Into Teacher Education Programs?
Authors: Perines Haylen , Hidalgo Nina
Published: July 2022

This research reports on some results of the Initiation FONDECYT Project “Presence and importance of integrating research in teaching education and how it is perceived by students and lecturers”. It aims at identifying student-teachers’ perceptions about intent to
research, research activities conducted by student-teachers as part of their initial training, and research context. This descriptive ex post facto study explores the perceptions of 634 undergraduate students of teaching programs at the University of La Serena (Chile). A survey was administered
to measure student-teachers’ perceptions. The findings show that intent to research has the highest scores, whilst research activities have the lowest ones. Therefore, one of the conclusions is that student-teachers have positive evaluations of the importance of educational research
for their training. Another conclusion is that the existence of a positive research culture within universities that supports all the individuals involved is a crucial element to strengthen the link between student-teachers and educational research.
An Assessment of Nature-Inspired Algorithms for Text Feature Selection
Authors: Çoban Önder
Published: July 2022

This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of feature selection (FS) methods that are originated from nature-inspired (NI) meta-heuristics, where two well-known filter-based FS methods are also included for comparison. The performances of the considered methods are compared on two different high-dimensional and real-world text datasets against the accuracy, the number of selected features, and computation time. This study differs from existing studies in terms of the extent of experimental analyses performed under different circumstances where classifier, feature model, and term weighting scheme are different. The results of the extensive experiments indicate that NI algorithms produce slightly different results than filter-based methods for the problem of the text FS. However, filter-based methods often provide better results by using a lower number of features and computation times.
Transgenic quails reveal dynamic TCF/β-catenin signaling during avian embryonic development
Authors: Barzilai-Tutsch Hila , Morin Valerie , Toulouse Gauthier , Chernyavskiy Oleksandr , Firth Stephen , Marcelle Christophe , Serralbo Olivier
Published: July 2022

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is highly conserved throughout evolution, playing crucial roles in several developmental and pathological processes. Wnt ligands can act at a considerable distance from their sources and it is therefore necessary to examine not only the Wnt-producing but also the Wnt-receiving cells and tissues to fully appreciate the many functions of this pathway. To monitor Wnt activity, multiple tools have been designed which consist of multimerized Wnt signaling response elements (TCF/LEF binding sites) driving the expression of fluorescent reporter proteins (e.g. GFP, RFP) or of LacZ. The high stability of those reporters leads to a considerable accumulation in cells activating the pathway, thereby making them easily detectable. However, this makes them unsuitable to follow temporal changes of the pathway’s activity during dynamic biological events. Even though fluorescent transcriptional reporters can be destabilized to shorten their half-lives, this dramatically reduces signal intensities, particularly when applied in vivo. To alleviate these issues, we developed two transgenic quail lines in which high copy number (12× or 16×) of the TCF/LEF binding sites drive the expression of destabilized GFP variants. Translational enhancer sequences derived from viral mRNAs were used to increase signal intensity and specificity. This resulted in transgenic lines efficient for the characterization of TCF/β-catenin transcriptional dynamic activities during embryogenesis, including using in vivo imaging. Our analyses demonstrate the use of this transcriptional reporter to unveil novel aspects of Wnt signaling, thus opening new routes of investigation into the role of this pathway during amniote embryonic development.
Compensatory growth and understory soil stoichiometric features of Hippophae rhamnoides at different stubble heights
Authors: Wang Xin , Guo Yuefeng , Qi Wei , Zhen Li , Yao Yunfeng , Qin Fucang
Published: July 2022

Background

This study was aimed to explore the compensatory growth ability and influence mechanism of Hippophae rhamnoides at the decaying phase in feldspathic sandstone areas of Ordos, and clarify the stubble height when the compensatory growth ability of H. rhamnoides was the strongest.

Methods

The H. rhamnoides forests in the decaying phase from an exposed feldspathic sandstone zone of Ordos were chosen. The compensatory growth ability of H. rhamnoides at stubble height of 0 cm (S1), 10 cm (S2), 15 cm (S3), 20 cm (S4) and control (CK) was investigated with H. rhamnoides forests at the decaying stage in the exposed feldspathic sandstone areas of Ordos. Relationships of compensatory growth ability of H. rhamnoides and understory soil properties with understory soil stoichiometric features as well as the response mechanism to stubble height were explored.

Results

(1) Overcompensatory growth of H. rhamnoides in feldspathic sandstone areas occurred at all stubble heights. Especially, the plant height compensation index (1.45) and biomass compensation index (1.25) at the stubble height of 15 cm were both larger compared with other stubbling treatments. These results indicate the stubble height of 15 cm can well promote the growth of the ground part of H. rhamnoides. (2) All stubble heights significantly affected the contents and eco-stoichiometric ratios of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) in understory soils, but the influence rules differed. SOC, TN, and TP contents at all stubble heights were larger than those of the control, and maximized at the stubble height of 15 cm. The carbon(C): phosphorus(P) ratio, and nitrogen (N):(P) ratio after stubbling treatments were all lower compared with the control, and minimized to 19.52 and 1.84 respectively at the stubble height of 15 cm. (3) The understory C:N:P stoichiometric ratio of H. rhamnoides in feldspathic sandstone areas is jointly affected by compensatory growth, stubble height, and soil physicochemical properties. The total explanation rate determined from RDA is 93.1%. The understory soil eco-stoichiometric ratio of H. rhamnoides is mainly affected by soil moisture content (contribution of 87.6%) and total porosity (7.9%), indicating soil moisture content is the most influential factor. The findings will offer some new clues for eco-construction and theoretically underlie soil-water loss administration.
ZmIAA5 regulates maize root growth and development by interacting with ZmARF5 under the specific binding of ZmTCP15/16/17
Authors: Yang Feiyang , Shi Yutian , Zhao Manli , Cheng Beijiu , Li Xiaoyu
Published: July 2022

Background

The auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a type of endogenous plant hormone with a low concentration in plants, but it plays an important role in their growth and development. The AUX/IAA gene family was found to be an early sensitive auxin gene with a complicated way of regulating growth and development in plants. The regulation of root growth and development by AUX/IAA family genes has been reported in Arabidopsis, rice and maize.

Results

In this study, subcellular localization indicated that ZmIAA1-ZmIAA6 primarily played a role in the nucleus. A thermogram analysis showed that AUX/IAA genes were highly expressed in the roots, which was also confirmed by the maize tissue expression patterns. In maize overexpressing ZmIAA5, the length of the main root, the number of lateral roots, and the stalk height at the seedling stage were significantly increased compared with those of the wild type, while the EMS mutant zmiaa5 was significantly reduced. The total number of roots and the dry weight of maize overexpressing ZmIAA5 at the mature stage were also significantly increased compared with those of the wild type, while those of the mutant zmiaa5 was significantly reduced. Yeast one-hybrid experiments showed that ZmTCP15/16/17 could specifically bind to the ZmIAA5 promoter region. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and yeast two-hybridization indicated an interaction between ZmIAA5 and ZmARF5.

Conclusions

Taken together, the results of this study indicate that ZmIAA5 regulates maize root growth and development by interacting with ZmARF5 under the specific binding of ZmTCP15/16/17.
Land use affects the response of soil moisture and soil temperature to environmental factors in the loess hilly region of China
Authors: Tang Min , Li Wanning , Gao Xiaodong , Wu Pute , Li Hongchen , Ling Qiang , Zhang Chao
Published: July 2022

Changes in soil moisture and soil temperature result from the combined effects of several environmental factors. Scientific determination of the response characteristics of soil moisture and soil temperature to environmental factors is critical for adjusting the sloping land use structure and improving the ecological environment in China’s loess hilly region. Soybean sloping fields, maize terraced fields, jujube orchards, and grasslands in the loess hilly region were selected as the research areas. The change in characteristics of soil moisture and soil temperature, as well as their interactions and statistical relationships with meteorological factors, were analyzed using continuously measured soil moisture, soil temperature, and meteorological factors. The results revealed that air temperature and humidity were the main controlling factors affecting soil moisture changes in the 0–60 cm soil layer of soybean sloping fields and grasslands in the normal precipitation year (2014) and the dry year (2015). Humidity and wind speed were the main meteorological factors affecting soil moisture changes in the maize terraced field. Air temperature had a significant negative effect on soil moisture in the jujube orchard. Soil moisture and soil temperature were all negatively correlated under the four sloping land use types. In normal precipitation years, atmospheric humidity had the greatest direct and comprehensive effect on soil moisture in soybean sloping fields, maize terraced fields, and grasslands; soil temperature had a relatively large impact on soil moisture in jujube orchards. The direct and comprehensive effects of soil temperature on soil moisture under all sloping land use types were the largest and most negative in the dry year. Air temperature had a high correlation with soil temperature in the 0–60 cm soil layer under the four sloping land use types, and the grey relational grade decreased as the soil layer deepened. The coefficient of determination between the 0–20 cm soil temperature and air temperature in the maize terraced field was low, indicating a weak response to air temperature. The above findings can serve as a scientific foundation for optimizing sloping land use structures and maximizing the efficient and sustainable utilization of sloping land resources in China’s loess hilly region.
ASTOL Technique: A Novel Method for Localisation of Impacted Mandibular Tooth
Authors: Husain Seerab , Sivakumar Arvind
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Object localisation is one of the challenges encountered in diagnosis of impacted teeth, which requires sophisticated two-dimensional and three-dimensional radiographic techniques. These sophisticated radiographs are not readily available in all clinics, and also they carry the risk of increased radiation exposure and increase burden of care. Aim: To evaluate the accuracy of ASTOL (Arvind-Seerab Transmandibular Object Localisation) technique for object localisation in the dried mandible of a cadaver. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Chennai city, Tamil Nadu between March 2021 to April 2021. A dried mandible of a cadaver and an extracted premolar was used to simulate 10 cases scenarios of impacted teeth at different regions of the mandible. Two intraoral periapical (IOPA) radiographs were taken for each scenario, from two different projections: first a conventional IOPA of the impacted tooth was taken and second radiograph was taken with the beam projected from the base of the mandible with the sensor placed on the occlusal surface. Both the radiographs taken for each scenario were incorporated into a questionnaire survey and were circulated to 30 dental practitioners. The results were tabulated and represented graphically. Cronbach’s alpha test and Kappa statistics were done to evaluate the internal and interobserver reliability between the validators and respondents respectively. Results: Out of the 30 dental practitioners, a total of 25 responses (14 Males and 11 Females) were received from dental practitioners across the state. The response rate was 83.33% and the mean age of the respondents were 34±5 years. The vertical position of the crown tip of the impacted tooth had a correct response rate of 85.60% (214/250). Angulation of the impacted tooth had a correct response rate of 75.20% (188/250). Mesiodistal positioning of the crown tip of the impacted tooth had a correct response rate of 78% (195/250). Buccolingual positioning of the impacted tooth had a correct response rate of 92.80% (232/250). Conclusion: The ASTOL technique is a novel radiographic technique which can be used as an accurate, reliable and economic alternative to other sophisticated 2D and 3D imaging techniques for object localisation in the mandibular arch.
Internal Communications and Organization Performance in Zanzibar Public Institutions
Authors: Salim Adilu Mussa
Published: July 2022

Today’s competitive business environment has witnessed the significance of effective internal communication and its flow as crucial variables impacting collaboration among workers and allowing the organization to function successfully. This paper seeks to assess the contribution of internal communication to the organization’s level of performance by specifically identifying tools used by the employees in the organization to communicate internally. In addition, the study aims at determining the perceptible effects of internal communication to on organizational performance.      A qualitative survey questionnaire with a size of 150 questionnaires was conducted together with interviews and observations and the data obtained were analyzed using the Software Package for Social Sciences. The results have validated the connection between the internal communication tools used and the performance of the organization. Organizations found to be using multiple tools of internal communication that produce a positive contribution for better performance and with the presence of scatted employees work station as in the municipal case, face to face communication through conference and mobile telephone were mostly preferable than an internal memo and email address due to poor Information and Communication and Technology (ICT). The employees sighted the benefits of internal communication in their organization performance since their activities were planned and implemented by internal communication and hence employees were able to remind each other of the working agreement as the principle to achieve organization plan and objectives. Internal communication in the public institution has several positive contributions to better organizational performance and the organization may quickly employ its activities with accurate performance when internal communication is well utilized.  However, some public organizations like the council faced same challenges such as late timing, information leakage among staff, poor effective internal communication strategy, communication breakdown and poor channel of communication.
Impact of Lactic Acid Fermentation on the Nutritional Potential and Anti-nutritional Factors of Two Widely Consumed Pulses (Vigna unguiculata and Vigna subterranea) Flours in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Cissé Mariame , Doué Gladys Ginette , Yao Wilfried , Zoué Thierry Lessoy
Published: July 2022

Aims: Impact of Lactobacillus plantarum.

Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agriculture and Valorization of Biological Resources, between February 2021 and November 2021.

Methodology: Two pulses (Vigna unguiculata and Vigna subterranea) purchased at the Adjamé market (Abidjan) were subjected, after the unitary operations of sorting, washing drying and grinding of the grains, in fermentation in a sterile flour/water mixture at 37°C for 48 h by Lactobacillus plantarum. The final microbial load was enumerated according to official methods, the fermented flour was dried at 50°C for 48 h and then the antioxidant and anti-nutritional properties were evaluated.

Results: The sterile conditions of fermentation of the water/flour mixture with the inoculum load of 9.107 CFU/g resulted in final microbial loads of 7.8 109 CFU/g and 6.7 109 CFU/g, in decreased in pH to 3.13 ± 0.06 and 3.27 ± 0.06. This decrease was correlated with an increase in total titratable acidity (4.89 ± 0.02 and 4.26 ± 0.0%) after 48 h of fermentation for cowpea and voandzou flours, respectively. The fermentative activity of Lactobacillus plantarum increased the initial phenolic compound content to 74.28 ± 0.99 mg/100 g (cowpea) and 71.26 ± 0.4 mg/100 g (voandzou) for total polyphenols and 36.52 ± 0.336 mg/100 g (cowpea flour) and 35.33 ± 0.231 mg/100 g (voandzou flour) for total flavonoids after 30 h of fermentation. At the same time, their antioxidant activity doubled from 15 to 30% while initial phytate and tannin levels were both reduced by 47% and 50%, respectively in cowpea and voandzou flours in 30 hours of fermentation.

Conclusion: In view of all these results, cowpea and voandzou flours fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum could be used as functional foods.
Assessment of Suitable Grass and Legume Fodders for the Development of Pastures under Coconut Garden
Authors: Vinodhini S. M. , Sivakumar S. D. , Karthikeyan R. , Thirunavukkarasu M.
Published: July 2022

Aim: The study was conducted for the evaluation of suitable grass and legume fodders for the development of pastures under coconut garden.

Study Design: Randomized Block Design.

Place and Duration of Study: The field experiment was carried out in Farmer’s coconut field, Pollachi, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu during 2021-2022.

Methodology: Ten different fodder crops were selected which includes six grasses and four leguminous fodders. Stem cuttings of grass fodders and seeds of legume fodders were raised in three replications. 90 Days After Planting (DAP) the observations were taken for the growth parameters of plant height, establishment percentage, green fodder yield. The crop was cut at 90 DAP followed by subsequent cuts at 120 DAP (i.e. 30 Days interval between two cuts). The fodder growth and development were observed in field as well as nutrition dynamics along with other quality parameters which include crude fibre, ash content were analyzed in laboratory.

Results: Panicum maximum recorded higher values of plant height (205.00 cm), establishment percentage of 100 % and green fodder yield of 183 t ha-1 year-1. Other grasses includes Brachiaria mutica, Brachiaria ruziziensis and Brachiaria decumbens had good establishment and yield. Among legumes Desmodium giganticum was found to be performed well under shade with plant height of 181.00 cm and green fodder yield of 125 t ha-1 year-1 followed by Macroptilium atropurpureum with 148.00 cm height and green fodder yield of 98.0 t ha-1 year-1. Dichanthium annulatum had poor establishment under shaded environment. Ash content was high in Macroptilium atropurpureum with 21.90%. Crude fibre was observed high in Dichanthium annulatum with 41.15%.

Conclusion: Panicum maximum and Brachiaria sp in grasses as well as Desmodium giganticum and Macroptilium atropurpureum among legumes were found to perform well under shade in coconut garden.
Short-term Tillage and Soil Nutrient Management on Soil Water Movement in a Lixisol in a Tropical Climate
Authors: Adjei-Gyapong Thomas , Tuffour Henry Oppong , Acquah James Akwandoh , Abubakari Awudu , Ocansey Caleb Melenya , Oppong Emmanuel
Published: July 2022

Aims: The study was conducted to assess the effects of different soil tillage practices and soil amendments on soil hydraulic characteristics.

Study Design: The study was a 3 × 4 split-plot experiment arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications.

Methodology: The treatments comprised 12 main plots, namely no till (NT), plough-plant (PP) and plough-harrow-plant (PHP) and 36 sub-plots, namely no amendment (NA), NPK 60:40:40 (100% NPK), 4 tons/ha poultry manure (100% PM) and 2 tons/ha PM + NPK 30:20:20 [½(NPK + PM)]. Soil bulk density (BD), volumetric moisture content (VMC), total porosity (TP), aggregate stability (ASt), and infiltration parameters were measured under the different treatments.

Results: Among the different tillage operations, the NT plot had the lowest BD, but highest TP, VMC and ASt. With regard to the soil amendments, TP was highest under the ½(NPK + PM) treatment. The cumulative infiltration amount (F) and infiltration capacity (K0) were highest in the NT plots. However, sorptivity (S\(\theta\)) was highest and lowest in the PP and NT plots, respectively. The infiltration parameters were highest in the ½(NPK + PM) plots. Further, the combined application of NT + ½(NPK + PM) resulted in the highest F, S\(\theta\) and K0.

Conclusion: The, NT, ½(NPK + PM) and NT + ½(NPK + PM) improved the soil hydro-physical properties.
Effect of Phosphorus and Boron Levels on Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Kumar Aluri Manoj , Umesha C. , Raju Gorla Venkata
Published: July 2022

A field experiment was carried out at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P) during Rabi season of 2021 to study the “Effect of phosphorus and boron levels on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design, nine treatments and were replicated thrice. The treatments comprising of different levels of phosphorus and boron whose effect was observed in chickpea. The results showed that application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha along with boron @ 3 kg/ha recorded significantly maximum Plant height (53.11 cm), Number of nodules/plant (44.56), Plant dry weight (30.36 g/plant), Number of pods/plant (52.67), Number of seeds/pod (1.80), Test weight (225.67 g), Seed yield (2109.93 kg/ha), Straw yield (3428.07 kg/ha). Therefore, treatment with application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha along with boron @ 3 kg/ha was most productive and cost effective.
Recalibration of Targeted Yield Equations through Integrated Plant Nutrition System for Greengram (Vigna radiata L.) on Alfisol
Authors: Lalitha Chelli , Maragatham S. , Santhi R. , Rajeswari R. , Gopalakrishnan M. , Gnanamalar R. P.
Published: July 2022

In India, greengram (Vigna radiata L.) is a popular pulse crop. With the concern for achieving desired yield with ensured soil health, the Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) approach develops the fertilizer prescription equations (FPEs) for the desired yield in greengram by conducting a field experiment on red non-calcareous, sandy loam soil belonging to Palaviduthi soil series (Typic Rhodustalf) during rabi 2021-22. The experiment includes 11 treatments viz., Absolute control (T1), FYM @ 6.25 t ha-1 (T2), 12.5 t ha-1 (T3), STCR-based NPK fertilizer recommendations (STCR-NPK) for the targeted yield of 1.0 (T4),1.2 (T5),1.4 t ha-1 (T6), STCR-NPK+FYM @12.5 t ha-1 for the targeted yield of 1.0 (T7),1.2 (T8),1.4 t ha-1 (T9), Blanket (100% RDF) (T10) and Blanket (100% RDF) +FYM @12.5 t ha-1 (T11), in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The results revealed that a high targeted yield of 1.4 t ha-1 T9 (STCR-NPK+FYM @12.5 t ha-1) was more supercilious than others. Initial soil test values, grain yield, total nutrient uptake, applied fertilizer doses and farmyard manure were used for obtaining four important basic parameters such as nutrients required to produce one quintal grain (NR), contribution of nutrients from soil (%Cs), contribution of nutrients from fertilizer (%Cf), as well as contribution of nutrients from FYM (% Cfym). The nutrient requirement of greengram to produce one quintal of grain yield in terms of N, P2O5, and K2O were 4.77, 3.58 and 5.42 kg q-1, respectively. The per cent contribution of nutrients from soil, fertilizer and FYM were 14.00, 48.90 and 34.11 for nitrogen; 36.51,29.59 and 10.24 for phosphorus; and 7.00, 62.65 and 32.12 for potassium, respectively. By using these basic parameters, the fertilizer prescription equations were formulated for greengram in Palaviduthi soil series.
Pathogenesis of Periodontitis: An Overview
Authors: Khalil Wael , Aoun Georges , Jaffal Marwa , Nassif Maryse , Kurban Mazen
Published: July 2022

Periodontitis is the severe inflammation of the tissues surrounding and supporting the tooth like gingiva, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligament. Many studies have tried to explain the pathogenesis of periodontitis focusing in many parameters such as the roles of the host pathways, the molecular and genetic factors, the bacterial biofilm mass, and the patient’s susceptibility.

The main objective of this article is to review the most relevant and comprehensive models of the pathophysiology of periodontitis and emphasize factors including the presence of systemic conditions and genetic that play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic and aggressive periodontitis.
Managing Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) with Sequential Applications of Glufosinate and 2,4-D
Authors: Ogden Grace Flusche , Dotray Peter A.
Published: July 2022

Aims: Determine the influence of sequential spray order and role of glufosinate when used in a system with 2,4-D to control Palmer amaranth at two different growth stages.

Study Design: Randomized complete block design with three replications.

Place and Duration of Study: A fallow, non-crop field at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Lubbock, Texas, during the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons.

Methodology: Herbicides were applied to 7 to 15 cm and 25 to 30 cm Palmer amaranth with a handheld 1.93m CO2-pressurized backpack calibrated to deliver 140 L ha-1 at 207 kPa. Palmer amaranth control was visually estimated on a scale of 0 (no control) to 100% (complete control) relative to the nontreated control. Palmer amaranth biomass and density were collected 43 and 36 days after the last sequential application for 7 to 15 cm and 25 to 30 cm Palmer amaranth in 2019. Palmer amaranth control, biomass, and density were subjected to analysis of variance and means were separated using Fisher’s Protected LSD at P=.05.

Results: 2,4-D choline + glyphosate followed by glufosinate provided the greatest level of  Palmer amaranth control for both sizes of Palmer amaranth. Overall, Palmer amaranth control was not influenced by sequential application timing. Biomass and density were not significantly different among treatments.

Conclusion: Sequential application order of glufosinate and 2,4-D was not an important factor for Palmer amaranth control. However, due to 2,4-D label restrictions, applying 2,4-D choline + glyphosate followed by glufosinate may be the best option for maximum efficacy.
Clinical Encounters with Adoption
Authors: Stupples Angela
Published: July 2022

This paper presents the hypothesis that a form of attachment relationship between mother and infant begins before birth. That infants who are adopted are aware of the loss of the biological mother in some way, and that this experience may influence the pattern of the attachment relationships formed within their adoptive families and with others. It is also suggested that the severence of this earliest attachment relationship is likely to resonate with other crises in later life bringing about a repetition or re-enactment of aspects of the original loss, and that this is especially likely to occur during the process of intensive psychotherapy.
Shadow, Evil and Satanic Abuse
Authors: Owen Michael
Published: July 2022

With a little self-criticism one can see through the shadow- so far as its nature is persona. But when it appears as an archetype, one encounters the same difficulties as with anima and animus. In other words, it is quite within the bounds of possibility for a man to recognise the relative evil of his nature, but it is a rare and shattering experience for him to gaze into the face of absolute evil
Ranibizumab Injection (Susvimo) Implant Septum Dislodgement in a Patient With Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Timmons Kaitlyn , Heckmann Luke C. , Ren Yong , Gunderson Ivana , Makkouk Fuad , Berger Brian B.
Published: July 2022

This case report describes the detection, potential etiology, and progression of a ranibizumab injection (Susvimo) implant septum dislodgement in a patient with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
Subsurface Imaging of Microfabricated Silicon Membrane–Cavity Structures Using Near‐Infrared Interferometry
Authors: Jeong Mun Goung , Kim Taeyeong , Lee Bong Jae , Lee Jungchul
Published: July 2022

To characterize microfabricated resonators, fabricated membrane or cavity structures are often destructively examined with high‐resolution microscopy, although such an approach may cause structural or morphological changes. Herein, nondestructive and direct measurement of the thickness of the suspended membrane as well as the height of the underlying cavity in silicon‐on‐nothing (SON) structures by custom‐built near‐infrared (NIR) interferometry are demonstrated. While positions of the surface and all buried interfaces of the as‐fabricated single‐layered SON are detected by NIR interferograms, positions of the surface and the first three interfaces (i.e., except the deepest interface) of the as‐fabricated double‐layered SON structure are detected. While the submicrometer‐thick membrane thickness and the cavity height of the polished single‐layered SON are also measured, smoothened surface roughness allows multiply reflected rays to show up and counterintuitively complicates the detection of the buried interface. The NIR interferometry results in measurement errors ranging from 0.7% to 3.3% for the membrane thickness and those ranging from 2.2% to 13% for the cavity height, compared to scanning electron microscopy. It is thus anticipated that a NIR interferometry can be a versatile tool for characterizing a variety of microdevices.
Solid Lubrication Performance of Few‐ and Multilayer Ti3C2Tx Coatings
Authors: Hurtado Jose Y. Aguilar , Grützmacher Philipp G. , Henríquez Javier Marqués , Zambrano Dario , Wang Bo , Rosenkranz Andreas
Published: July 2022

Multilayer Ti3C2TX nanosheets (MXenes) have gained notable attention in the tribological community due to their outstanding wear resistance induced by their ability to form beneficial tribolayers. Regarding delaminated, few‐layer Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, much less knowledge about their tribological performance is available. Therefore, this study aims at comparing the solid lubrication ability of spray‐coated few‐ or multilayer Ti3C2Tx coatings (dispersion concentrations of 2 and 5 mg mL−1). Linear‐reciprocating ball‐on‐disk tests are conducted using normal loads of 100 and 200 mN. The results clearly demonstrate the superior tribological performance of multilayer Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, inducing a low, stable, and reproducible evolution of the coefficient of friction. This holds particularly true for coatings fabricated with the lower concentrated dispersion, which are characterized by a reduced coating thickness and less lubricious material. In contrast, few‐layer MXenes, irrespective of the coating thickness and available amount of lubricious material (dispersion concentration), demonstrate continuously rising frictional values, which can be traced back to the nanosheets’ degradation.
K+ Induced Phase Transformation of Layered Titanium Disulfide Boosts Ultrafast Potassium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Zhu Hezhen , He Qiu , Xiong Ting , Wang Xuanpeng , Xiao Zhitong , Wang Hong , Zhao Yan , Xu Lin , Mai Liqiang
Published: July 2022

Potassium dual‐ion batteries (K‐DIBs) have invoked considerable interest owing to their high safety and power density. However, achieving high‐rate and good cyclability anodes for K‐DIBs is still a grand challenge. Herein, layered TiS2 is proposed as an attractive anode for K‐DIBs, which achieves a discharge capacity of 91.0 mA h g−1 while being discharged/charged to 2000 cycles in half cells. Interestingly, such a stable capacity is attributed to the mechanism of the K+ induced phase transformation. In situ characterizations and first principles calculations reveal that the inserted K+ acts as pillar between the Ti‐S layers producing the thermodynamically stable K0.25TiS2 phase eventually. The robust K0.25TiS2 phase shows enlarged interlayer space, enhanced electronic conductivity, and lower diffusion barrier that enable highly stable and fast storage of K+. Moreover, a novel K‐DIB based on TiS2 anode and mesocarbon microbead cathode is reported for the first time. The K‐DIB achieves a reversible capacity of 75.6 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and excellent cyclability with 85.8% capacity retention over 1000 discharge/charge at 5000 mA g−1. Such mechanistic research provides new insights into the reaction process of layered sulfides/selenides and will facilitate their application in safe and high‐power K‐DIBs.
Field‐Induced Structural Transitions in Liquid Crystal Microemulsions
Authors: Kim MinSu , Manda Ramesh , Lee DaYeon , Lee Jae‐Won , Nauman Asad , Kim Hak‐Rin , Lee Seung Hee
Published: July 2022

Liquid crystal (LC) droplets have fascinating properties, such as anisotropic properties, in response to external stimuli. As LC droplet size may determine the proper application of soft composites, various results from numerical simulations and experimental observations of LC droplets are reported. Here, detailed topological responses of individual bipolar droplets to electric fields, are shown. The integration of each response influences the entire electro‐optic behavior. Monodispersed LC bipolar droplets are fabricated in a polyvinyl alcohol‐dissolved aqueous solution via a membrane‐emulsification method. The planar anchoring, provided by the polyvinyl alcohol surface, and surface elasticity, guide the entire LC director configuration, associated with topological defects, in the droplets. By simply blade‐coating the solution, bipolar axes of the droplets can be randomly placed on a flat substrate. Two different subsequential stages are found when applying voltages: 1) director reorientation, which is threshold‐less and 2) topological defect movement, which exhibits a threshold‐like behavior. Various initial directions of the bipolar axes with respect to the field direction provide the transition voltage between these two stages. It is believed that this study can provide important clues to handle several fundamental issues in electro‐optics of encapsulated LCs, such as the determination of response times, threshold, and operating voltages.
Cucurbit[8]uril Confined 6‐Bromoisoquinoline Derivative Dicationic Phosphorescent Energy Transfer Supramolecular Switch for Lysosome Targeted Imaging
Authors: Wang Hui‐Juan , Xing Wen‐Wen , Zhang Heng‐Yi , Xu Wen‐Wen , Liu Yu
Published: July 2022

Phosphorescent materials constructed by macrocyclic host confined guest has become a research hotspot in bioimaging. Herein, a highly efficient phosphorescent light‐harvesting supramolecular switch constructed by cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) encapsulated dicationic 6‐bromoisoquinoline derivative (G), sulfonatocalix[4]arene (SC4AD), near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence dyes, and diarylethene molecular switch (1) is reported. First, the resulting supramolecular foldamer formed by G and CB[8] works as a phosphorescent donor with phosphorescence at 605 nm. When secondary assembling with SC4AD, the phosphorescent emission peak of G⊂CB[8] generates a hypsochromic shift to 583 nm with a 6.4‐fold enhancement of intensity. Further, NIR fluorescence dyes Nile Blue (NiB) and Sulfo‐Cyanine 5 (cy5) are introduced to the assembly as acceptors to construct phosphorescent light‐harvesting systems. As expected, light‐harvesting systems with energy transfer efficiency of 57.5%/75.7% and a high antenna effect of 359.7/247.7 are constructed at an efficient donor/acceptor ratio of 100:1/15:2 for NiB and cy5, respectively. After co‐assembly with diarylethene derivative (1), the phosphorescence transferred from G⊂CB[8]@SC4AD/NiB (or cy5) to 1 and caused the photoluminescence quenching after irradiation by 365 nm light. And the photoluminescence of the light‐harvesting system was restored with the irradiation by >450 nm light. The highly efficient phosphorescent light‐harvesting system is applied to lysosome targeted imaging in HeLa cells and information encryption.
Transition‐metal‐catalyzed Heteroannulation Reactions in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Dawood Kamal M. , Alaasar Mohamed
Published: July 2022

Water, as green solvent, was reported as a suitable solvent for a huge number of catalyzed organic transformations. The suitability of several transition metal catalysts, such as palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, gold, silver, copper, nickel, cobalt, platinum, iridium, indium and cerium for organic heteroannulation reactions in water (as a pure solvent), in a mixed water/organic solvent or in the presence of a stoichiometric ratio of water were also extensively reviewed. Such catalysts played important roles in modern organic syntheses and heteroannulation reactions. In addition, the use of multicomponent reaction pathways under different heating tools (conventional, microwave or ultrasound) were also discussed.
Performance evaluation of produced biopolymers by native strains on enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Kaboli Afrooz , Jafari Arezou , Azarhava Hadi , Mousavi Seyyed Mohammad
Published: July 2022

Bio(polymer) flooding is one of the most promising strategy used to recover additional oil from mature reservoirs. Bio(polymers) decrease the mobility ratio, improving the sweep efficiency of injected fluid and consequently, increasing oil recovery. Therefore, in this research seven unknown strains were isolated from the soil of the Masjed‐Soleiman oil field, and then studied for biopolymer production. After biopolymer production and viscosity tests, two of the best strains were selected. Their performances were evaluated in the enhanced oil recovery in micromodel media. The main purpose of this research is to identify the biopolymer‐producing species, but the effective parameters in the production of more biopolymers and enhanced oil recovery are also evaluated and optimized. The experiments optimized by the Design Expert software by the general factorial method. The parameters evaluated include different types of strains, biopolymer concentration (three levels of 500, 5500, and 10,500 ppm) and the salinity of the injected fluid (three levels of 0%, 0.5%, and 10%). The best performance in oil recovery for both strains of TMU57 and TMU59 are considered in the biopolymer concentration of 10,500 ppm and the concentration of NaCl equal to 10 wt%. The values of the ultimate oil recovery in these conditions with the strains of TMU57 and TMU59 were 47% and 63%, respectively.
Population genetic structure of the endemic fish Gambusia marshi from the Cuatro Ciénegas basin and its outflow in Coahuila, Mexico
Authors: Xie Jia Yan , Kim Kyung Seok , Powell Dylan , Espinosa‐Pérez Hector , Moody Eric K. , Roe Kevin J.
Published: July 2022

The valley of Cuatro Ciénegas in Coahuila, Mexico, has the highest degree of local endemism of any habitat in North America. Despite the arid desert climate, the basin harbours an extensive system of permanent streams, wetlands, and spring‐fed pools, and is divided into two sub‐basins by the central Sierra de San Marcos y Pinos.

Microsatellite loci were surveyed to infer the genetic diversity and population structure of Gambusia marshi, a poeciliid fish endemic to the Cuatro Ciénegas basin and the Río Salado de Nadadores in north‐east Mexico.

Bayesian clustering analysis revealed four genetic populations within G. marshi and a major east–west division corresponding to the Sierra de San Marcos y Pinos.

Most sample sites exhibited high levels of genetic differentiation, although there is evidence for recent gene flow between some of these locations. The population of G. marshi in Poza Anteojo is extremely divergent, and appears to represent a remnant of a different historical system. The G. marshi in Poza Anteojo should be considered an independent management unit.

Documenting the number and distribution of distinct populations of G. marshi provides additional justification for protecting the Cuatro Ciénegas basin from additional water withdrawals and further homogenization via the construction of additional canals.

By analysing the population structure of a widespread species within a region containing many range‐restricted and endemic species, these results shed new light on historical connections among aquatic ecosystems and raise awareness of the possibility that units of conservation concern may exist in other, more range‐restricted taxa in the Cuatro Ciénegas basin and encourage the assessment of their conservation status.

The results also have implications for species in arid regions in other parts of the world that may also harbour as yet unrecognized isolated populations worthy of conservation.
Design, synthesis, and in silico studies of tetrahydropyrimidine analogs as urease enzyme inhibitors
Authors: Ahangarzadeh Nazli , Shakour Neda , Rezvanpoor Sadaf , Bakherad Hamid , Pakdel Mohammad H. , Farhadi Ghazaleh , Sepehri Saghi
Published: July 2022

The urease enzyme, a metalloenzyme having Ni2+ ions, is recognized in some bacteria, fungi, and plants. Particularly, it is vital to the progress of infections induced by pathogenic microbes, such as Proteus mirabilis and Helicobacter pylori. Herein, we reported the synthesis of a series of tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives and evaluated their antiurease activity. Finally, quantitative and qualitative analyses of the derivatives were performed via in silico studies. Urease inhibitory activity was determined as the reaction of H. pylori urease with different concentrations of compounds, and thiourea was used as a standard compound. Docking and dynamics methodologies were applied to study the interactions of the best compounds with the amino acids in the active site. All compounds showed good to excellent antiurease activity. The potent compounds were not cytotoxic against the HUVEC normal cell line. Based on the docking study, compound 4e with the highest urease inhibitory activity (IC50 = 6.81 ± 1.42 µM) showed chelates with both Ni2+ ions of the urease active site. Further, compound 4f displayed a very good inhibitory activity (IC50 = 8.45 ± 1.64 μM) in comparison to thiourea (IC50 = 22.03 ± 1.24 μM). The molecular docking and dynamics simulation results were correlated with the in vitro assay results. Moreover, the derivatives 4a–n followed Lipinski's rule‐of‐five and had drug‐likeness properties.
Membrane shaping proteins, lipids, and cytoskeleton: Recipe for nascent lipid droplet formation
Authors: Apte Manasi S. , Joshi Amit S.
Published: July 2022

Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous, neutral lipid storage organelles that act as hubs of metabolic processes. LDs are structurally unique with a hydrophobic core that mainly consists of neutral lipids, sterol esters, and triglycerides, enclosed within a phospholipid monolayer. Nascent LD formation begins with the accumulation of neutral lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) bilayer. The ER membrane proteins such as seipin, LDAF1, FIT, and MCTPs are reported to play an important role in the formation of nascent LDs. As the LDs grow, they unmix from the highly charged ER membrane to form mature LDs. LD biogenesis is an exciting, emerging research area, and herein, we discuss the recent progress in our understanding of the formation of eukaryotic nascent LDs. We focus on the role of ER membrane shaping proteins such as reticulons and reticulon‐like proteins, membrane lipids, and cytoskeleton proteins such as septin in the formation of nascent LDs.
Effects of enthusiastic and non‐enthusiastic voice in praise on the behavior of children with autism and typically developing children
Authors: Gale Catherine M. , Eikeseth Svein , Eikeseth Fillip Ferreira
Published: July 2022

Behavioral intervention manuals for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly recommend that praise should be delivered in an enthusiastic tone of voice. Only a few studies, however, have explicitly tested this assumption, and results have been mixed. This study therefore compared the effects of enthusiastic and non‐enthusiastic tone of voice in praise on the behavior of children with ASD. We also examined how typically developing (TD) children responded to enthusiastic and non‐enthusiastic praise. Participants were 21 children with ASD matched on developmental age with the chronological age of 20 TD children. The effects of enthusiastic and non‐enthusiastic praise were assessed using an application on a tablet computer designed to isolate tone of voice as a variable in vocally delivered praise. Two buttons produced the same six praise statements, one with an enthusiastic tone of voice and one with a neutral tone of voice. Results showed that the children with ASD, on average, allocated more responding to the square on the tablet computer producing enthusiastic praise as compared to the square producing non‐enthusiastic praise. In addition, higher rates of responding to non‐enthusiastic praise correlated positively with higher IQ, suggesting that non‐enthusiastic praise was more effective for children with ASD with higher cognitive scores. The TD children, in contrast, did not allocate more responding to either the squares, suggesting that tone of voice in praise was not an important variable for the behavior of TD children.
Quantifying research on anatomical structures, a potential new metric for assessing clinical relevance
Authors: Dahl Eric J. , Hira Sarika , Geisler Jonathan H.
Published: July 2022

Human anatomy remains an integral part of medical education, and recent studies have documented an emerging consensus on the key anatomical learning objectives for physicians and other health professionals in training, both at the graduate and postgraduate levels. Despite this progress, less attention has been given to assessing the clinical relevance of individual anatomical structures, and which structures students should master to achieve these learning objectives. In this study we hypothesized that published research involving individual anatomical structures is largely driven by the clinical relevance of these structures, and that tabulating the number of such publications can provide an up‐to‐date, evolving metric of clinical relevance. To test this hypothesis, we developed a semi‐automated search routine that uses the PubMed database to quantify the publication frequency of anatomical structures and compared that to a previous study that assessed the importance of structures of the head and neck using the Delphi method, a formal procedure of generating expert consensus. Using our new approach, we were able to rank the research intensity of 2182 anatomical structures included in Grant's Dissector, a widely used textbook for anatomical dissection. Furthermore, a sample of these PubMed‐derived ranks had a highly significant, positive correlation with ranks derived from a consensus of experts. Similar results were obtained when PubMed searches were restricted to journals that focus on applying knowledge in a clinical setting. Our study provides a potential new tool for anatomical educators who are aligning their basic science curricula with the clinical knowledge expected of medical graduates.