bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF SOME SOIL PROPERTIES ON IRON SORPTION
Authors: & et al. Jar Allah
Published: June 2020

Laboratory experiment was carried out in order to study the adsorption of Fe as FeEDDHA  as related to some soil properties in six calcareous soils from the middle of Iraq. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equations were used for describing Fe adsorption. The best equation was chosen according  to highest value of r, r2 and t and least value of Standard error of estimate.   The results showed that Freunglich equation was more efficient for describing Fe sorption  compared with other physicochemical equations used, depending on highest values of, r  (0.985),  r2 (0.970) and t ( 20.01) and lower standard error SE.e (0.186). Maximum adsorption capacity in tested soils were 415.2, 393.7, 353.7, 344.2, 318.4 and 306.0 µg Fe g-1soil while the binding strength were    0.059, 0.046, 0.059, 0.051, 0.059 and 0.064 ml Fe µg-1 for Balad, Al-Khalis, Al-Raaid, Al-Wehda, Al-Mussayib and Al-Rashidaaa. 59.2% of the applied Fe was sorbed on soil while 40.8%  remained soluble in soil solution. Freunglich adsorption constants (lnKf and 1/n) significantly correlated with Langmuir maximum adsorption (b) and binding strength (K). Also, the maximum adsorptive capacity (b) of  Langmuir models statistically related to soil properties (EC, total and active carbonate  and plant available Fe). It can be concluded from  this study that Freunglich and Langmuir equations were more suitable for describing Fe adsorption in all tested soils. Tested soils sorbed Fe according to the following arrangement: Balad > Al-Khalis > Al-Raaid > Al-Wehda > Al-Mussayib > Al-Rashidaa.
THE FFECT OF IRRIGATION LEVELS ON SOME VEGETATIVE GROWTH PARAMETERS AND YIELD OF RICE UNDER DRY FARMING SYSTEM
Authors: & Salem Hadi
Published: June 2020

A field trial was carried out at the Rice Research Station in Mushkhab ( Najaf/ south of Iraq)State Broad for Agricultural Researches, during the Summer of 2013 in Clay Loam soil. The experiment was laid in split plot with two replications, to test the drought tolerance of different local and foreign varieties of rice .Rice varieties used were 6 varieties of aerobic rice   from the International Rice Research Institute(IRRI) and local cultivars Anber33 and Jasmine. Two methods of irrigation ,flood irrigation, and 6 irrigation levels at "-10,-33,-50,-100 KPa" were used in this investigation .Studied parameters were: plant height ,spike length, flag leaf area, % of infertility , weight of 1000 grains and grain yield. Results indicated that varieties and irrigation treatments and their interaction had no significant differences on  % of infertility and plant height .Varieties had significant effect on grain yield while irrigation treatment effected significantly on weight of 1000 grains. Interaction between varieties and irrigation had no significant effect on % of infertility , weight of 1000 grains and grain yield. Besides, irrigation treatments and varieties and their interaction had no significant effect on deltoid length.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOME SOIL PROPERTIES AND WHEAT AND BARLEY PRODUCTIVITY IN ALLUVIAL SOIL AT WASET GOVORNORATE
Authors: & Mohamed Ahmed
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted to show the relationship between some soil properties and land productivity from wheat and barely crops. The study area located in Al-Muwafaqia – Waset Govornorate / central of Iraq. General soil data were collected from previous soil survey work done in 1992 ,and new soil samples from the same profile location were collected to determine some soil properties . The actual land productivity from Wheat and Barely crops were collected from the same selected sites . The results indicate some variations in land productivity for the selected  crops and wheat productivity was higher than barely productions. Wheat productivity was ranged from 2000  to 2350  kg.ha-1 with mean of 2118.75 Kg.ha-1, while barely productivity ranged from 2000  to 2350 kg.ha-1 with mean of 20187.5 kg.ha-1.  All soil properties show a positive and significant correlation with crops productivity except soil salinity which shows a negative correlation. Soil salinity considered as the most limiting factor for crops production as well as bad land management practices and the impact of the socioeconomic condition.
SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF BARAKASEED NIGELLA SATIVA L. IMPACTED BY BAT GUANO Otonycteris hemprichii Camd AND SEAWEED EXTRACT
Authors: & et al. Al-mohammedi
Published: June 2020

Some fertilizers practices could be used to improve Baraka seed Nigella sativa L. as a medicinal crop like organic farmyard manure which efficiently applied to enhance growth and yield. Thus, a field experiment was conducted out at Research Station in Tikrit-Iraq during 2012/2013 season to estimate the impact of bat guano (0, 75, 125 and 175 kg.ha-1), seaweed extract as kelpak (0, 1, 2 and 3ml.l-1) on some physical and chemical essential oil components. Two factors were arranged in factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replicates. Thus, results revealed that application of bat guano at 125 kg.ha-1 was superior in enhancement of essential oil and its some physical and chemical properties as essential oil% of 1.53%, specific gravity of 0.95 g.cm-3, refractive index of 1.82, essential oil density of 0.93, dithymohydroquinone of 37.44µg.µl-1 and thymol of 25.73 µg.µl-1. Moreover, kelpak (3ml.l-1) significantly improved physical and chemical properties of essential oil which were essential oil% of 1.52%, specific gravity of 0.93 g.cm-3, refractive index of 1.72, and essential oil density of 0.94 and thymol of 25.92 µg.µl-1. Whereas, the main component dithymohydroquinone effected by application of 2 ml.l-1kelpak of 37.04 µg.µl-1. It could be recommended to use bat guano as alternative to chemical fertilizer fortified with foliar application of seaweed extract as kelpak so as to improve physical and chemical properties of essential oil.
RESPONS OF BREAD WHEAT YIELD AND IT,S COMPONENTS TO BORON AND VITAMIN C FOLIAR APPLIED
Authors: & Zeboon Al-Hilfy
Published: June 2020

Field experiment was conducted during 2010 – 2011 and 2011 – 2012 winter seasons at the Experimental Farm, Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture University of Baghdad. RCBD design with four replications were used to study the effect of Boron and vitamin C foliar applied on yield and some it,s components of bread  wheat Triticum aestivum L. cv. Abu – Ghraib-3. The experiment involved two factors ,the first was boron foliar in five concentrations  0,100, 200, 300, 400 mg L-1  the second was vitamin C foliar applied in five concentrations 0,1,2,3,4, gmL-1 at booting stage. Results of the experiment showed :300 mg B L-1 was  superior in grain yield 6.726,6.771 Mg ha-1)   for both seasons and some yield components ( spike number for the second season 574.9 spike m-2 , fertility 97.27% 97.34% and number of grain 66.39 , 65,22 grain spik-1 ) for both seasons . Foliar of Vitamin C with 4 gm L-1 was significantly affected grain yield (6.820 , 6.879 Mg ha-1 ) for both seasons respectively . Foliar of Vitamin C with 4 gm L-1 was significantly affected on grain yield and some it,s components (6.820 , 6.878 Mg ha-1 ) as compared to control which gave (4.882 ,4.906 Mg ha-1) for both seasons, respectively .The interaction between two factors was significant in some characters ( number of spike and grain yield ).
EXTENSION AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION FOR BEE KEEPERS TO DEVELOP AND INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF IRAQ
Authors: & AL – Bedrey AL- Kafage
Published: June 2020

The research aimed to identify the level of bee keepers innovation to develop and increase productivity in the central region of Iraq , In order to achieve the goals of research a questionnaire consisted of two parts, designed the first part included a bilateral scale to measure the level of beekeepers innovations, consists of ( 46 ) paragraphs Distributed on five fields (bee keeping , the area to take advantage of the bees in environment, the detection of diseases and pests ,the treating diseases and pest control , the field of honey products and peripherals manufacturing ), The second part included a barometer quadrilateral to measure the reasons consists of ( 34 ) paragraphs Distributed on four pivots (environmental causes , extension, economic , social). The research community a random sample ( 38%)of the  which is (Baghdad, Babil, Najaf) a random sample (15%) of the total number of beekeepers totaling (1098) breeders in the provinces covered by the research, to be the size of the sample (165) educator for the bees . The results showed  that bee keepers suffer from weak innovation levels, as the highest rate is (66.7%) of the beekeepers within the level of innovation (0-15) and an average of (11.12) degree and a standard deviation (7.53) degrees . The results showed that the causes that lead bee keepers to innovation is (social causes) came first in the level of importance as it reached the level of significance (2.38) degrees while last (extension causes) and the level of significance (1.93) degrees Researcher recommends the necessity of providing the requirements and production equipment for beekeeping encouraging high international standard prices in order to promote the level of innovation to beekeepers in central region of Iraq and should be concerted efforts by government agencies and of devices guidance, research and beekeepers.
DISTINGUISH AMONG SOME SELECTIVE WATERMELONS BY USING ISSR TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Elias M. S.
Published: June 2020

This experiment conducted Using 12 primers related to ISSR technology in distinguishing among the 21 selective back to the three variety of watermelon they are each of the selective Crimson Sweet which code to W1, W2, W3 and W4 and the variety Sugar Baby which coded to SH1 ,SH2 ,SH3 ,SH4 ,SH5,SH6 and SH7 and the variety Charleston Gray which is coded to G1 ,G2,G3 ,G4 ,G5 ,G6 ,G7 ,G8, G9 and G10 . The results showed that the primers used gave 89 total bands were all of the polymorphism was 100%. Found that the primers 810, 840 and 864 were high ability of the way to give it the highest numbers of bands while the primers 808 and 834 of the ability of the few by giving them fewer bands. 9 primers able to give distinct bands for some selective, which distinguishes them from the rest of the other primers. The results showed that the principles component analysis ( PCA) for the variety Crimson Sweet correlation the selective W1 and W2  while W3 not correlation with  W4  or with each other,  and correlation SH1 , SH3 and SH6 with each other apart from the SH4 , SH7 , SH2 and SH5 in the variety Sugar Baby as to the selective of Charleston Gray has divided into two groups, the first group included five selective G7 , G5 ,G6, G4 and G8  apart from the second group, which included five selective  G1 , G2 , G3 , G9 and G10. . And it found that the high genetic distance between the two varieties Charleston Gray and Sugar Baby. Therefore the primers ISSR showed that the variance between the communities by variance of arrangement of nucleotide. It can be concluded the possibility of the use of biotechnology in breeding programs.
EXTENSION PROGRAMS PLANNING UNDER COMPREHENSIVE QUALITY STANDARDS IN SOME MIDDLE PROVINCES OF IRAQ
Authors: & Naji Al-zaidy
Published: June 2020

The research aimed  to determine the overall quality standards through literature and specialists and overall quality experts , and to identifying the applied level by managers in some provinces of the central region . In order to achieve the objectives of the research , the researcher developed five scale ranging from grades ' ( 0-4 ) degree for the purpose of identifying the level of application of total quality standards for program planning by managers in the provinces of the central region , included (73) items distributed on (10) axes and ( 4) field (inputs , processes , outputs , feedback ) . The research was conducted on  a random sample of 50%  of Iraqi middle provinces ( Baghdad , Karblaa , Najaf , Wasit ) . A random sample about 39% of the agricultural divisions of these provinces of 20 agricultural divisions were chosen . The sample of  respondents was 96 , 7 of them ( general manager , two assistants of the general manager and heads of the technical departments) were in department of agricultural extension  and training , 15 of them ( the managers of agricultural directorates and the heads of agricultural extension and Heads of departments of planning in those offices) , 60 of them person ( heads of agricultural divisions  and the officials of the units of agricultural extension  and planning ), 4 of them  ( managers of  extensional  training centers ) 10 of them of extension farms officials  in the chosen research  provinces . Results have showed that the level of application of total quality standards for planning and agricultural extension programs by managers in some provinces of the central region , by (50% )  The researcher recommende the adoption of the search results by the Ministry of Agriculture/  Planning Department to improve the agricultural extension programs  planning process : Also the researcher recommended the need to review budgets and financial measures to ensure the provision of the necessary work indicative items on time , and its importance that the extension organization has independent operational budget on all levels , and to be distributed to the terms and aspects of exchange of field activities.
THE VALUE CHAIN OF FISH FOR FLOATING CAGES AND POND TECHNIQUES IN BAGHDAD PROVINCE
Authors: & et al. AL- Flujy
Published: June 2020

The fish sector is considered an important  component of the economies of  many countries in the  world  including Arab countries . This work is considered as the  first  attempt to study value  chain for fish in Iraq. The objective of  this  study is  to identify the main problems and  constraints  facing    different  channels  or  links  the  value  chain of  fish, and  to analyse  revenue, production costs, and to  calculate some  quantitative  indicators  like  value  added . The results  showed  that  average  value  added  of  the  different  links are amount: 22.13dinars/kg, 1007.7 dinar/kg, 242.9 dinar/kg and 1023.5 dinars/kg from each links hatcheries, producers, wholesalers and  retailers , the  results also showed  that  the share  of  different  links from value chain  for average value  additionrs  as  follows : 0.96% for  hatcheries link , 43.8% for producer link , 10.6% for  wholesalers  link and 44.6%  for  retailers  link. While  cages producers  added  68.5%  from average  value  added  it is amount  2796. 9 dinar/ kg on level techniques  of  floating cages . The study also identifis the main challenges and  problems  facing  each link in chain  value  and  forward  the  suitable  solution  and  recommendation  for  government  Authorities and private sector  in  order  to  increase the  efficiency of  fish  in  Iraq .
THE VALUE CHAIN OF FISH TECHNIQUES OF FLOATING CAGES AND PONDS IN DEUANYA PROVINCE
Authors: & et al. AL- FLUJy
Published: June 2020

The fish sector is considered an important component of the economies of  many countries in the world  including  Arab countries. It is also considered an important component of  food security. This work is considered as the first attempt to study value chain for fish in Iraq. The objective of this study is to identify the main problems and constrains facing different  links in the  value chain of  fish, and to analyse revenue, production costs, and to calculate some  quantitative indicators  like value added. The results showed that average value added of the  different links is amount to: 22.2dinars/kg , 2012.7 dinar/kg, 109.3 dinar/kg, 872.3 dinars/kg from each links hatcheries, producers, wholesalers and retailers. The results also showed that  the share of different links from value chain for average total value additionrs as follows: 0.73% for  hatcheries link, 66.7% for producer link , 3.6% for wholesalers link, and 28.9%  for retailers link. While cages producers added 65.5% from average value added it is amount to  2912. 7 dinar/ kg; on the level techniques cages floating. The study also identifis the main  challenges and problems facing each link in chain value and forward the suitable solution  and recommendation for government authorities and private sector in order to increase the  efficiency of  fish  in  Iraq.
SOIL PORE SIZE DISTRIBUTION AT DIFFERENT CARBONATE MINERALS CONTENT
Authors: & Naji Mahdi
Published: June 2020

Pore space, especially pore size distribution is one of the important properties affecting soil infiltration, hydraulic conductivity, and water retention. To examine the effect of carbonate minerals on pore size distribution, soil material with loam texture was used to prepare nine soil materials containing wide range of carbonate minerals (3.2 - 352 g kg-1). The soil-water retention curve (θ(ψ)) was estimated. Computer program (RETC code) was used to determine the best-fit for experimental data of water potential versus volumetric water content which have nonlinear relationship to determine the parameter of van Genuchten equation [α, n and m with m=1-(1/n)]. The capillary rise equation (young-laplace equation) was used to estimate the effective pore diameter (D). The results show that pore space was affected by carbonate minerals contents. Air pores (> 30 μm) increased 1.4 fold with increasing carbonate minerals at the same time capillary  pores filled with water (< 30 μm) decreased by 1.3 folds. The relative of water volume to total soil volume ranged between 0.27 and 0.21 cm3cm-3 for carbonate minerals content 3.2 and 352 g kg-1 respectively. At 10 kPa the amount of water lost increased with increasing carbonate minerals content, where soil sample with 352 g.kg-1 carbonate minerals lost water more than soil sample with 3.2 g.kg-1 carbonate minerals by 42%. The percentage of pores (< 30 μm) ranged from 67% to 79% and the pores (> 30 μm) ranged from 33% to 21%. It can be concluded that high carbonate minerals content in the soil led to change in pore size distribution, where air-filled pores increased and capillary pores filled with water (water holding capacity) decreased at different degree from sample to another.
ANTIOXIDANT AND LIPID PEROXIDANTION INHIBITORY OF COMPOUNDS IN COMMON BUCKWHEAT
Authors: Neamah S. I.
Published: June 2020

Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is recognized as a healthy food in many countries because it is nutrient-rich crop. The objectives of this study was to investigate  the succesful farming for buckwheat plants in the Iraqi environmental conditions, extraction and estimation of the most important nutritional and medicinal compounds from seeds plant and it᾽s effectiveness in the inhibition of lipids peroxidation which considered to be the causative agent of the free radicals formation in vivo.The hexane and methanolic extraction gave many compounds from buckwheat seeds. NMR were used to determine many of the natural compounds for buckwheat plants seeds after many steps of the purification processes, using many solutions and mobile phases including: Linoleic acid, Triglyceride, Stearic acid, Ferulic acid, Flavonoid glycoside and Flavon glycoside. Compounds Linolieic acid, Ferulic acid, Flavonoid glycoside and Flavon glycoside showed activity values of 0.285, 0.362, 0.356 and 0.442 respectively at 250 µg/mL concentration in the MTT assay and inhibited LPO by  58, 73, 93 and 76% respectively at 250 µg/mL concentration. It is clear that buckwheat have strong antioxidant and lipid Peroxidation inhibitory. nd
GRAIN YIELD ADN YIELD COMPONENTS OF CORN AS INFLUENCED BY HARVESTING MOISTURE
Authors: & Alkazaali Baktash
Published: June 2020

This research was conducted during spring and fall seasons, 2015 , at the fields of Field Crop Department – College of Agriculture –University of Baghdad. The objective was to study grain yield and yield components of corn in next generation   as influenced by  harvesting moisture in the first generation  . In spring season 2015 , seeds of the variety 2018 was planted using  75 cm between rows and 25 cm within the rows. When  moisture of the ear grains reach the first treatment (37-42%), ten ears were harvested. Ear harvesting dates were performed manually when the grains had 37-42%, 34-36% , 30-33% , 25- 28% and 19-22%  moisture content.  Then, the  grains were naturally dried to 15.5 %. In fall season  2015 , varietal trail was carried out with the five treatment materials , using Randomized Complete Bock Design , with four replicates . The results revealed significant differences among treatments for all the studied traits . The highest number of grains  (614 grains ear-1) and (4224 grains m-2), were produced from plants grown from seeds with (25-28)%, which  significantly differs  from other treatments . The highest grain weight ( 266 mg), grain yield (159.46 g.plant-1) and ( 10.70 t.ha-1) , were produced from  the plants at the  moisture content  (19-22)% . It could be conclude , that the suitable   corn grain moisture harvest for production seeds for next generation are (19-22)% .
EFFECT OF GRINDED OLIVE LEAVES SUPPLIMENTATION IN MILK PRODUCTION AND ITS COMPONENTS AND SOME BLOOD TRAITS IN NATIVE DOES.
Authors: & et al. AL-Musawi
Published: June 2020

The present study was carried out at the Animal Farm College of Veterinary Medicine University of Baghdad during the period from 20/4/2015 to1/6/2015. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of olive leaves (grinded) supplementation to diet on milk yield, composition and some blood biochemical  parameters.Ten local lactating goats and its mean initial live body weight41.38± 0.46 kg, and 2-3.5 years old were allocated according to their body weight and milk yield  into two groups (5does/group). The first one (G1) was control, the second (G2) fed on diet with 2% olive leaves powder (of diet weight). The animals in both groups were fed the experimental diets 2 % DM of live body weight plus alfalfa hay (1 kg / head/day). Results showed the olive leaves powder supplementation had no significant effect on the average body weight in the end of experiment, while the milk production was  significantly (P<0.05)increased in (G2) being 13.68 kg/Doe compared with 10.76 kg/Doe(G1), milk compositions (lactose. protein and fat percentage) and milk energy value did not significantly different between (G1) and (G2).Moreover blood biochemical parameters did not different in both groups. It can be concluded that olive leaves powder exerted have beneficial effects on the performance of lactating goats and no effect on blood biochemical parameters.
SINGLE HYBRIDS OF OKRA FOR PROTECTED CULTIVATION BY FULL DIALLEL CROSSES AND ESTIMATION OF SOME GENETIC PARAMETERS
Authors: & Alwan Al-Karagholi
Published: June 2020

Field experiment was conducted during 2015 spring season on Okra(Abelmoschus  esculentus L.Moench) grown under protected cultivation in the Research and Studies Department - Horticulture Office at Abu Ghraib, to study combining ability and some genetic parameters. Six pure lines ( S1 , S2, , S3 , S4 , S5 , S6 ) were crosses using full diallel crosses. The crosses , parents and hybrid H-597 compared , using RCBD, with tow replicates . Results showed that the promise hybrid in the yield per plant and pods number and the number of flowers was S1 × S3, followed by hybrids S3 × S6 and S5 × S3. The gene action for number of flowers and number of pods in diallel and reciprocal hybrids and the early flowering and yield per plant in diallel hybrid was non additive .pod weight in the diallel and reciprocal early flowering and yield per plants in the reciprocal hybrid from additive one . The broad sense heritability was high for all the studied traits, while the narrow sense heritability were highest for the early flowering, pods number, weight of pods and yield per plant in reciprocal and low in diallel hybrids . The pure lines S1, S3 , S5 had highest general combining ability, while the crosses S1 × S3 , S3 × S6 and S5 × S3 gave the highest specific combining ability, producing the highest plant yield with 553.25, 536.90 and 536.80 g.plant-1, respectively.
EFFECT OF POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL AND SALICYLIC ACID ON SOME VEGETATIVE GROWTH TRAITS OF DATE PALM TISSUE CULTURE DERIVED PLANTS
Authors: & et al Khierallah
Published: June 2020

This research was conducted in the greenhouse of Al-Rabee Research Station of the Department of Horticulture, Ministry of Agriculture for the 2011-2012 season in order to examine the effect of foliar application of various combinations of polyethylene glycol and salicylic acid levels on some vegetative growth traits of date palm tissue cultured derived plants.The concentrations of polyethylene (zero, 20 and 40 mg.L-1) and salicylic acid (zero, 50 and 100mg.L-1). The experiment carried out using randomized complete design and factorial in three replications. The results showed that increasing the concentration of polyethylene led to increased paperwork content of chlorophyll B and the total and received an increase the nitrogen percentage in the papers. The impact of the concentration of acid, salicylic has said the results of a significant increase in chlorophyll, A, B and macro as well as an increase in the percentage of dry matter and an increase in the percentage of nitrogen in securities The impact of interaction between the polyethylene acid, salicylic, the results showed that there was a significant increase in most the traits in study.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF CYTOKININS AND AUXINS IN THE COMPOSITION AND PRODUCTION OF IN VITRO PLANTLETS HIPPEASTRUM HYBRIDUM
Authors: & Salman Al-Amery
Published: June 2020

The First Part of this study was conducted in the Plant Tissue Culture Lab at the College of Science, University of Nahrain from October 2014 to February,2015. The experiment was then completed in the Plant Tissue Culture Lab at the College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad From February 2015 to September 2015. Examine the possibility of using the tissue culture technique in the propagation of Hippeastrum  hybridum. Explants (Bulbs, Leaves) had been sterilized using four different NaOCL concentrations: % 4.0, 2.0, 1.0, 0.0. After sterilization, explants were cultured on MS media supplemented with BA at four concentrations (2.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.0 mg.liter-1) and NAA at four concentrations (0.5, 0.3, 0.1, 0. 0 mg.liter-1) to obtain plantlets. Afterwards, plantlets were moved to new MS media supplemented with BA (2.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.0 mg.liter-1) and with or without four concentrations of NAA (0.5, 0.3, 0.1, 0.0 mg.liter-1) to enhance shoot proliferation. The resulted shoots from the best proliferation-enhance media were divided into two parts the first part was transferred to root-promoting media which also included two experiments where the first experiment was by transferring the shoots to MS media (half and full strength) supplemented with NAA at four concentrations (0.5, 0.3, 0.1, and 0.0  mg.liter-1). The second experiment included the best resulted shoots from the first experiment in addition to (0 and 2 mg.liter-1) actived charcoal to increase root percentage, root count, and root length.The resulted plants were acclimatized using peatmoss/soli mixture at the ratio of 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 to obtain high surviving ratio. Results showed that the best explant(Bulbs, Leaves) was soaking in 3% NaOCl for 10 min. the results also showed that the leaves gave best response 90% when using MS media supplemented with 1.0 mg.liter-1  BA and 0.3 mg.liter-1 NAA when compared with the bulbs that showed low response profile. Furthermore, the best shoot proliferation media was MS supplemented with 1.0 mg.liter-1 BA and 0.3 mg.liter-1 NAA which resulted in 8.30 shoots.plant-1. The best rooting percentage was obtained when culturing the shoots in half strength MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg.liter-1 NAA with the existence of activated charcoal. The surviving percentage reached 95% when using the previously mentionedpeatmoss-soil/mixtures.
EFFECT OF BIOFERTILIZER PRODUCED FROM LOCALISOLATES OF PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA AND PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS BACTERIA ON SOME SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND YIELD OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L( A- YIELD COMPONENTS
Authors: & et al. Abed
Published: June 2020

Field experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design with three replicates to evaluate the effect of biofertilizer of Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens seperatally or together with peatmoss or bentonite as carriers in interaction with four mineral fertilizer levels  zero, 25%, 50%, and 75% of the recommended level on the growth and yield of wheat (Alrasheed varity). Tow control treatments were used, the first included no addition of biofertilizer and  mineral fertilizer and the second included the addition of the recommended level (100%) of mineral fertilizer. The highest value of grain yield was achieved with the treatment of mixed bacterial isolates with an increment mineral fertilizer which to 5.75 Mgha-1 which increased 41.7% compared to first control treatment and 0.9% over the second control treatment. The highest biological yield was achieved mixed bacterial culture  with bentonite and 75% of  the recommended level of mineral fertilizer giving 16.20 Mgha-1 with an increment of 18.8% compared to first control treatment and 11.2% over the second control treatment. The weight of 1000 grain was 47.43g which increased by 21% over the first control treatment and7.4% over the second control treatment with the treatment that include the addition of  Pseudomonas  fluorescens with bentonite and 50% of the recommended level of mineral fertilizer.
EFFECT OF BIOFERTILLIZER PRODUCED FROM LOCAL ISOLATES OF Pseudomonas putida AND Pseudomonas fluorescens ON SOME SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND YIELD OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L) B -CONCENTRATIONS OF SOME NUTRIENTS IN SOIL
Authors: & et al. Abed
Published: June 2020

Field experiment was conducted by using randomized complete block design with three replicates to evaluate the effect of biofertilizer of   Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas  fluorescens alone or together with peatmoss or bentonite as carriers interacted with four mineral fertilizer levels (zero , 25% , 50% , and 75%) of the recommended level on the growth and yield of wheat (Alrasheed varity) , tow control treatments were used ,the first with out of biofertilizer and  mineral fertilizer and the second included the addition of the recommended level (100%) of mineral fertilizer  Significant ,effect of the addition of biofertilizer  supplemented with    mineral fertilizer  for concentrations N,P,K,Fe and Zn , the N was 59.63mg.N.Kg-1 soil in B2C1M2 which increased by 322.9% over the first control treatment, 49.33 63mg.P.Kg-1 soil in B1C2M3 which increased by 252.3% over the first control treatment , 295mg.K.Kg-1 soil in B3C2M3 which increased by 118.5% over the first control treatment, 10.07mg.Fe.Kg-1 soil in B2C1M0 which increased by 108.4% over the first control treatment, 1.6163mg.Zn.Kg-1 soil in B1C2M2 which increased by 108.4% over the first control treatment .
EFFECT OF THE RESIUDAL OF SULFUR IN SOIL AND APPLICATION OF N,P,K FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF BREAD WHEAT
Authors: Zeboon N. H.
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was conducted at the fields of field Crops Dept.- Coll. of Agric.Univ. of Baghdad  during winter season  2012 – 2013 . The objective of this experiment was to know the effect of the residual on of sulfur in soil and NPK fertilizers on some growth, yield components and grain yield of bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. , variety Abu – Ghraib 3. This experiment carried out , using factorial experiment within Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicats . The first variable, influence of sulfur residual from last season (0 ,2 ,4 ,6) Mg. ha-1 . The second variable, was the same quantity from NPK , which added last season and half of this quantity of the last season from NPK . The results revealed , that the residual sulfur effected significantly on some growth and yield component. The sulfer level 2 Mg  ha-1 produced highest grain yield (8.494 Mg. ha-1) and biological yield (31.11 Mg. ha-1) .Using half quantity of NPK effected on some yield components but didn,t effect on grain yield and biological yield . It can be concluded that wheat plants could be useable from agriculture sulfur, which added to the wheat field at the last season with level of 2 Mg. ha-1.
EFFECT OF KINTEIN AND SALICYLIC ACID ON CARRYFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius L.) TOLERENCG WATER-STRESS
Authors: & Hamed Mohammed
Published: June 2020

This experiment was carried out at the plant garden -Science Dep. of Sciences College of Basic Education, Almustansriyah Univ. the objective was to study the effect of Kinetin and Salicylic  acid at two  growth stages, using split–split plot design  with three replicates .Irrigative treatment (every 3,6,9 weeks) .and main plots , plant regulators (control, Kinetin spray and  Salicylic acid spray ) as sub plots, while,growth regulator spray stages(tillring initiation, flowers budinitiation sub-sub plots     The results were revealed, The Plants which irrigated every 3 and 6 weeks look longer time from 100% flowering to physiological watering(66.67 , 68.22 days)highest number of  heads.plants-1 ( 45 .00 ,38.56  heads.Plant-1.Theplants which  irrigated every  6  weeks  produced highest seed yield( 3159.17 kg .ha-1) harvest index(51.57%) oil percent(37.63).The plants sprayed salicylic acid produc ed highest, plant highest, biological yield ,water use efficiency .The results were revealed possibility  of  Kinetin spraying during the vegetative growth and Salicylic acid during fertilization stage , helpstoincrease seed yield and oil percent.
EFFECT OF LACTOFERRIN ADDITION TO THE SEMEN OF AWASSI RAMS ON SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SPERMS
Authors: & Houbi Mahdi
Published: June 2020

This experiment was conducted at the Animal Production Department farm to the College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, located at Jadreya during the period of 21 September 2015 to 24 February 2016 using Four Awasi rams aged 2-4 years and the average weight was 52 kg. Semen collection from rams was done twice weekly by using the artificial vagina to study the effect of using the lactoferrin protein as a replacement by the antibiotic in the semen for controlling the contamination of bacteria in the semen. Four treated groups were used, the control (normal antibiotic Streptomycin 100 mg\100ml Penicillin 100.000 IU / 100ml) , second ,third and fourth treatment groups was used a lactoferrin  protein with the contamination of 400, 800 and 1200 mg \ L-1 , respectively . All additions of the antibiotic and lactoferrin were done to the semen after dilution. Semen from all rams was pooled and the final volume was divided by four parts to groups .The semen diluent was kept at the refrigerator 5 C for 5 days, and every day the physical characteristic was done which included. The individual motility, dead and abnormal sperm, concentration of sperm, mass activity, integrity of the plasma membrane (HOST %) The results showed that: the individual motility of sperm was significantly increased) for all treated groups on the second, third, fourth and the fifth day of semen preservation. No significant difference  in the percentage of live sperm as a result of adding lactoferrin to the semen. There were no significant increase) in the hyper osmotic sperm test (HOST%) between the control and treatment groups. The abnormality of sperm did not differ between the control and the treated groups.
EVALUATION THE PERFORMANCE OF DEVELOPED MOLDBOARD PLOW AND It's EFFECT ON SOME PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF THE MECHINERY UNIT
Authors: & et al. Al-Alabiedi
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was conducted in Alshakha area in Alexandria region in 2013, which lies 50 km south of Baghdad province, in order to evaluate the performance of the modified moldboard plow and its effect on some technical indicators of machinery unit percentage of slip, pulling power practice productivity and the size of disturbed soil. complete randomized  block design and split plot design was used tillage depth included  15, 20 and 25 cm, levels with machinery speed included 2.6 and 3.6 km / h which represented sub plot ,were shaded in this study. The result were shoved that the lowest percentage of slippage  and less pulling power and less a matter of the size of the soil and the highest productivity process when tillage depth of 15 cm, was obtained to less percentage slip and less pulling power when tug speed of 2.6 km / h. The overlap between the plowing depth of 15 cm and tug speed 2.6 km / h to obtain the lowest percentage of slippage and less strength and less drag size of the soil raised.
THE INPUT AGRICULTURAL INITIATION IN IMPROVEMENT RURAL WOMAN REALITY IN PROVINCES BABYLON AND HOLY KARBALA
Authors: & Eskander Al-Taiy
Published: June 2020

The aim of this research is to identify agricultural  loans reality of rural woman in the field Agricultural Initiation in  Babylon, Holy Karbala for the period  2010- 2014 and level Benefit from it; and to determine problems of rural woman Borrowers. Data were collected from 100 rural woman Borrowers was about 14.3 from 700 rural woman during 25- 2-2015 unite l0- 4-2015 through questionnaire and interview. The four dimensional standard has been used to measure the degree of Benefit from it of rural woman from Agricultural Initiation, That included 22articlesd distributed on5 axes. The results showed that  Averages of agricultural  loans in 2010- 2014 is 4.85 M.ID /year. The results also showed weighted arithmetic mean for problems of rural woman (1.36-4) degree on weight percentile (34-100)%. and Satisfaction  level of Benefit from agricultural loans is A small group The research recommends Activating the Monitoring and evaluation System of Program Agricultural Initiation.
EFFECT OF GREEN TEA EXTRACT ON INJURED LIVER INDUCED BY ACETAAMINOPHEN IN RABBITS ADULT MALE
Authors: Mashi S. K.
Published: June 2020

Green tea is consider as a natural sources of antioxidants used to treat pathological changes occurring as a result of using of many drugs  particularly in the liver tissue. Forty adult male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (10 rabbits /group) and were treated daily for 30 days as follows: first group (c): is the control group , second group (T1) : rabbits in this group were allowed to ad libitum supply of drinking water containing 2.5 gm /kg b.w of green tea extract , Third group (T2):  rabbits in this group received 500 mg/kg b.w. of acetaminophen orally,  fourth group (T3) : rabbits in this group were allowed to ad libitum supply of drinking water containing 2.5 gm /kg b.w. of green tea extract and received 500mg/kg b.w. of Acetaminophen orally. blood samples were collected for measuring the liver enzymes, cholesterol and triglyceride in blood serum at 15 and 30 days of experience. The results of this study revealed that oral intubation of acetaminophen for 30 days caused hepatic dysfunction manifested by a significant elevation(P<0.05)  in the serum AST,ALT ALP cholesterol  and  triglyceride while the animals received GTE   with acetaminophen (T3)  for 30 days showed a considerable decrease(P<0.05)  in serum AST, ALT,ALP, cholesterol  and  triglyceride levels. The histological section  showed pathological changes in the liver tissue in (T2) group while giving green tea with acetaminophen was effective in modified these changes into semi normal.
RESPONSE OF COTTON TO NITROGEN FERTILIZER AND SPACING BETWEEN HOLES
Authors: & et al. Alubaidi
Published: June 2020

This experiment was conducted at the farm of field crop department, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during two summer seasons (2010 and 2011) in order to know the response of cotton var. Lashata to nitrogen levels and spacing between holes. A randomized complete block design under arrangement of split plot with four replications was used. The plant spacing; 10, 20 and 30 cm between holes and 75 cm between rows considered as main plots, while three nitrogen levels (150, 200 and 250 Kg N.ha-1) are considered as sub plots. The results showed that using 10 cm between hills were significantly superior in boll weight (3.69 and 4.26) gm.boll-1, seed cotton yield (3.03 and 3.6) t.ha-1 and lint yield (1.13 and 1.30) t.ha-1 in both seasons 2010 and 2011 respectively. While, 30 cm spacing significantly superior in number of open bolls (12.10 and 13.6) bolls.plant-1 and ginning percentage (39.05 and 37.44)% in both seasons respectively. The nitrogen fertilizer 250 kg N ha-1 was significantly superior in dehiscence bolls number, seed cotton yield, lint yield and ginning percentage in both seasons 2010 and 2011 respectively. It can be concluded that 'using 10 cm spacing between holes with 250 kg N ha-1 to achieve highest seed cotton yield.
EFFECT OF SPRAYS NUMBER AND FOLIAR MICRONITE 35 ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF PEPPER UNDER UNHEATED GREEN HOUSE
Authors: Jaffar S.A.
Published: June 2020

This research was conducted during the season of 2014 - 2015 inside unheated green house to investigate the effect of sprays number and different concentrations of micronite 35 (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 cm3 .l-1) and their interaction on growth and yield of Pepper var. California Wonder with using (RCBD) with three replicates. Results showed that the sprays number and the concentrations of micronite 35 and their interaction had a significant effect on all the characteristics that studied. The interaction of three sprays with 3 cm3 .l-1 of micronite 35 gave the highest average of plant height (103.12cm), branches number.plant-1 (11.61), leaves number.plant-1 (107.41) leaf area.plant-1,(121.31dc2) flowers number (80.96) and set of flowers percentage (92.403). Results also gave the highest average of fruits number.plant-1, fruit long, fruit weight, yield-1. plant, early yield, and yield /greenhouse that were (38.81, 11.63cm, 80.99gm, 3.143kg, 0.229ton, 6.034ton) respectively. While the average was 10.86 fruits number.plant-1, 5.08cm fruit long, 30.71g. fruit weight, 0.333 kg. yield. Plant-1, 0.136ton early yield and 0.639ton yield.greenhouse-1 respectively at compared with control treatment.
RESPONSE OF VEGETATIVE GROWTH FOR THE TREATMENT OF ORGANIC NUTRIENT AND CALCIUM CHLORIDE FOR GERBERA PLANT Gerbera jamesonii
Authors: &   Majeed Jawad
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted in the lath house, Horticultural Department, College of Agriculture – University of Baghdad- Jadriya during the spring and autumn seasons 2015 to investigate the influence of humic acid spray and calcium chloride spray on f “Yanara” gerbera cultivar.  This study included two factors; humic acid spray (H) and calcium chloride spray (Ca). The first factor four levels were used, 0, (H0), 5 (H5), 7.5 (H7.5) and 10 (H10) ml.L-1 and four levels of calcium chloride, 0 (Ca0), 50 (Ca50), 100 (Ca100) and 150 (Ca150) mg.L-1. Each treatment replicated three times with a factorial experiment using RCBD. Five plants in experimental unit and the number of plants used was 240 trees. The experimental results showed that humic acid at 10 ml.L-1 and calcium chloride at 150 mg.L-1 (Ca150H0) significantly gave the highest leaves number of 11.20 and 11.47 leaves, the highest leaf area of 195.21 and 210.25 cm2, the highest plant dry weight of 16.92 and 17.95gm, the highest leaf nitrogen content of 2.50 and 2.45 %, highest leaf phosphor content of 0.37 and 0.44% and the highest leaf calcium content of 3.17 and 3.45% for both seasons, respectively. The lowest value of these parameters was found in the control (Ca0H0) treatment. It could be concluded of this experiment that the humic acid at level H10 and calcium chloride at level Ca150 improved vegetative characteristics and leaf mineral content gerbera plant cv. Yanara
AL – NOOR NEW VARIETY OF POPCORN (Zea mays var evarta)
Authors: & et al. Mhmood
Published: June 2020

Breeding program was conducted to develop new variety of popcorn (Noor) adapted to Iraqi environment during 2008 -2012 at  Al- Latifya Research Station /Agric. Res. Directorate /  Minsof Sci& Technology. The aim of this program was to develop new popcorn variety more adapted to Iraqi environment with best traits and high yield and popping expansion. Introduction and hybridization methods applied during  at the first stage among local variety AL-Safa and Syrian variety (Halab) and American variety (AMR-2). The Mass selection at later stage for five cycles respectively for new population that produced from hybridization. In fall season 2012 an experiment was conducted to compare new variety (AL- Noor) with exotic and promise genotypes including its parents by using randomized complete block design(RCBD). The rustle showed significant differences at p˃ 0.05 p for all the studied  traits except number of leaves and leaf area index and number of ears row. The new variety AL-Noor revealed lowest days a tassling and silking days (60.19  and 62.94) and highest number of ears per plant(1.63), kernels row (42.93), and number of kernels/ plant and highest popping
THE REALITY OF SOME SPECIALIZED TASKS OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SYSTEM IN MIDDLE REGION PROVINCES OF IRAQ
Authors: &  Ridh Jihad
Published: June 2020

The research aimed to explore the reality of some specialized tasks of human resources management in agricultural extension and to reach the research aim, a questionnaire form was prepared according to specialists' opinions and their agreements. The scale questionnaire of the reality of some specialized tasks of human resources management included 103 items distributed on 7 axis: planning for human resources, occupational description, incentive system, workers training and developinge, valuation of workers performance, services provided to workers, and  work relations among the workers,The research was conducted on a random sample of 50% of Iraqi middle provinces (Baghdad, Karblaa, Najaf, Wasit). A random sample about 52% of the agricultural divisions of these provinces of 27 agricultural divisions were chosen, Limitedsearch(166) managers representing units Agricultural Extension device managers, as well as the directors of the departmentsof agricultureand agriculturalpeople andthe management of humanresources , Results showed that all specialized occupations or tasks of human resources management in agricultural extension system were applied, but in different degrees, The researcher recommended the necessity of adopting this research by agricultural extension system to improve the management of human resources.
EFFECT OF BARLEY CULTIVATED FOR DIFFERENT TIMES AS SUPPLEMETED DIET IN SOME PRODUCTIVE TRAITS OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: & et al. Al-Gharawi
Published: June 2020

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of using barley cultivated in different times on performance and carcass parameters of broilers. A total of 300 day- old chicks of Ross 308 strain was used. Chicks were randomly allocated for four treatments groups with 75 chicks per treatment and 25 chicks for each replicate. The four treatments was follows: T1, control (no barley added), T2, barley cultured for six days, T3 barley cultured for seven days and T4, barley cultured for eight days. Results showed that the significant (P<0.05) improvement in body weight, weigh gain, feed conversion, Feed conversion ratio, carcass yield without giblet, relative weights of heart, liver and gizzard as well as ,relative weight of breast, thigh and drums ticks. Whereas, the relative weights of back, wings, neck and mortality was reduced significantly (p<0.05)due to barley cultivated supplementation compared with control group. ,cated for four treatment, strain was usod. Che effact