bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimum design of parameters and contact analysis of cycloid drive
Authors: Bao Junhua , He Weidong , Qiao Shi , Johnson Pete
Published: April 2020

Gear transmission is one of the most important and widely used equipment in mechanical transmission. To a certain extent, The technical level, design ability and manufacturing level of gears are important symbols to measure the industrialization level of a country. Cycloid gear drive is a kind of wide applications of gear transmission which is studied and developed actively in the world. A new type of cycloid drive is called Output-Pin-Wheel, and it has been obtained through structural innovation. It has lots of advantages, such as small in size, light in weight, large transmission ratio range, high transmission efficiency, stable transmission, low noise, reliable operation, long service life and so on, which make it possible to be widely used in various industrial fields. Although at present, it has a set of more mature design method, This paper does development for Creo based on Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 platform and uses FEA to solve those problems, for the purposes of improving design efficiency and shortening design cycle. The development system has a friendly man-machine interaction interface, so the fast interactive parametric modeling and analysis of main components of reducer can be implemented by using this method, such as cycloid gear, pin-wheel, eccentric shaft, bearings, input shaft etc. On the base of parametric model of reducer, the finite elements contact analysis between the cycloid gear and pins wheel was done by ANSYS software for further research. The results of displacement, stress, strain and contact pressure distribution were obtained. and a set of optimized parameters were obtained also. By optimizing parameters such as eccentricity and pin sleeve radius, the contact stress of gears is reduced by 31.2%, and the transmission load-carrying capacity is improved.
Convolutional neural network-based surgical instrument detection
Authors: Cai Tongbiao , Zhao Zijian
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS), unlike open surgery in which surgeons can perform surgery directly, is performed using miniaturized instruments with indirect but careful observation of the surgical site.

OBJECTIVE:

Instrument detection is a crucial requirement in conventional and robot-assisted MIS, which can also be very useful during surgical training. In this paper, we propose a novel framework of using two three-layer convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in a series to detect surgical instrument in in-vivo video frames.

METHODS:

The two convolutional neural networks proposed in this paper have different tasks. (i) The former CNN is trained to detect the edges points of the instrument shaft directly from images patches. (ii) The latter is trained to locate the instrument tip also from images patches after the former detection finishes.

RESULTS:

We validated our method on the publicly available EndoVisSub dataset and a standard dataset, and it detected tools with an accuracy of 91.2% and 75% respectively.

CONCLUSION:

Our two-step detection method achieves better performance than other existing approaches in terms of detection accuracy.
Development of a transcranial direct current stimulation device based on current limiter for simultaneous measurement of electroencephalography: A feasibility study
Authors: Jung Young-Jin , Lee Yun-Sung , Choi Ga-Young , Hwang Han-Jeong
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:

Electroencephalography (EEG) measured during transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can help understand the accurate impact of tDCS on the brain, but this has been hindered due to significant inflow of tDCS-induced electrical artifacts.

OBJECTIVE:

In this study, we introduce a novel tDCS device developed based on current limiter, which can prevent the generation of significant electrical artifacts.

METHODS:

To verify the feasibility of our developed tDCS device, we performed simultaneous measurement of EEG during tDCS application with five different current intensities (0, 500, 1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 [Formula: see text]A). Changes in EEG power spectral density (PSD) and correlation between the PSD of non-stimulation and tDCS condition were investigated to see whether our tDCS device can be used for simultaneous EEG recording without significant inflow of tDCS-induced electrical artifacts.

RESUTLS:

The mean EEG-PSD differences between non-stimulation and tDCS condition were not significant for all stimulation current intensities. Furthermore, EEG-PSDs estimated during non-stimulation and tDCS application showed statistically high correlation for all comparison cases.

CONCLUSION:

Based on the results, we could demonstrate the feasibility of our tDCS device based on current limiter for simultaneous EEG measurement, which could potentially provide a way to investigate the impact of tDCS on the brain more accurately.
Combining ultrasonography and mammography to improve diagnostic accuracy of plasma cell mastitis
Authors: Hu Jun , Huang Xiaoling
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasonography and mammography for plasma cell mastitis.

METHODS:

The ultrasonographic and mammographic images of 111 women with histopathologically confirmed plasma cell mastitis were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnostic accuracy of the two imaging methods was compared.

RESULTS:

Ultrasonography identified 91 out of 111 (82.0%) patients with plasma cell mastitis, while the other twenty (18.0%) patients were misdiagnosed. Mammography identified 83 (74.8%) out of 111 patients with plasma cell mastitis. Nineteen (17.1%) patients were misdiagnosed. There was no significant difference between the diagnostic accuracy of using two imaging tests ( P = 0.127). Mammography clouds identified 11 out of 20 patients who were not diagnosed by ultrasonography. Meanwhile, 19 of the 28 cases misdiagnosed with mammography were correctly identified by ultrasonography. Overall, 91.9% (102/111) of the patients were identified by the combination of ultrasonography and mammography, which yielded statistically significant higher accuracy than using each single test only ( P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

In diagnosis of plasma cell mastitis, high-frequency ultrasonography and mammography should be combined to improve the diagnostic accuracy.
Optogenetics: illuminating the role of PV interneuron dysfunction in the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia
Authors: Parker Madeline Eva
Published: April 2020

Our understanding of the neural substrates underlying the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia remains limited, contributing to a lack of pharmaceuticals effective in treating these deficits. Cognitive impairment is the main source of disability in schizophrenia. Thus, research endeavours involving the identification of therapeutic targets can vastly improve the lives of affected individuals. Compared to previously employed techniques, optogenetics has accelerated such endeavours by allowing for manipulations of neuronal activity to occur with an unprecedented combination of cellular and temporal specificity. Research using this technique has united multiple, once tangentially-related, streams of evidence suggesting dysfunctional fast-spiking parvalbumin (PV) containing interneurons are a common substrate underlying the cognitive aberrations documented in schizophrenia. This review summarizes relevant optogenetic studies and identifies areas for future research, using this emerging technique.
Cover Image
Authors: Mahil Balraj
Published: April 2020

I’m a freelance digital designer working out of Saskatoon.SK. On a daily basis, I design anything from Facebook posts to billboards. Currently, I’m going into my 3rd year at Edwards School of Business. You can learn more and view my portfolio at balrajmahil.xyz.  The original photo was taken by Aiony Haust, a fashion photographer working worldwide. The inspiration for the cover comes from the artist Magdiel Lopez.
Editorial Board and Acknowledgements
Authors: Al-Yassin Ghassan , Bayliss Juno
Published: April 2020

Editorial Board and AcknowledgementsVolume 6, Issue 2

Editors-in-ChiefGhassan Al-Yassin and Juno Bayliss

Humanities and Fine ArtsSenior Editor: Delane JustAssociate Editors: Mae McDonald, Teevin Fournier, Courtney Neufeld, Sophia Charyna, Chloe StainbrookGraduate Advisor (2019-2020):  Jasmine Redford 

Natural SciencesSenior Editor: Sarah FoleyAssociate Editors: Gloria Yu, Rina Rast, Riley Whyte, Leland Bryshun, Bre Hipkin, Jalen Mikuliak, Brooke Coller 

Health SciencesSenior Editor: Nikoo SoltanAssociate Editors: Naiela Anwar, Sergey Kens, Tasker Wanlin, Anne-Sophie FortierGraduate Advisor: Valerie Rozwadowski

Social SciencesSenior Editor: Jordan WellschAssociate Editors: Muhammad Awan, Robin Steeg, Brenan Smith, Courtney Hrynuik, Ziying LiGraduate Advisor (2019-2020): Bidushy Sadika 

LayoutLayout Editors: Rina Rast, Ziying Li, Teevin Fournier, Courtney Hrynuik, Ghassan Al-YassinCover Layout: Amy St. Jacques 

Communications Jordana Lalonde

Staff and Faculty AdvisorsFaculty Advisor (2019-2020): Vicky Duncan, University LibraryStaff Advisor: Liv Marken, Writing Help Coordinator, Student Learning Services 

AcknowledgementsThe Editorial Board would like to thank the following individuals, departments and organizations for their contributions to and support of the journal:  Laura Larsen, Writing Help Centre; Amy St. Jacques, Student Learning Services at the University Library; DeDe Dawson and JoAnn Murphy, University Library; Kate Langrell, University Library; Merle Massie, Undergraduate Research Initiative, Office of the Vice-President, Research; all faculty and graduate student reviewers; the College of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies; and the University Library.
HUMAN SECURITY AND INSTABILITY
Authors: Vu Ninh Duong
Published: April 2020

After an introduction on the concept of human security in modern society, the paper analyses in a comprehensive and profound way the underlying causes of the war, the ethnic and religious conflicts leading to food insecurity, the risk of natural resource barrenness and energy shortages etc... in South-East Asia. It also examines a variety of pollution risks of the natural and social environment in Vietnam and proposes as a necessity the design of a sustainable long term basis development strategy.
THE DUY TAN MOVEMENT IN THE 20th CENTURY, ITS CHARACTERISTICS AND THE LESSONS TO THE CURRENT EDUCATION IN VIETNAM
Authors: Tran Luong Thi Thu
Published: April 2020

This paper covers two main areas of content: 1.An analysis of the characteristics of the early 19th Century Duy Tan Movement in Viet Nam focusing on patriotism, the sensitivity and dynamism of the Viet people and their ability to integrate into the modernist trend, in tune with the awakening of Asia in the early 20th Century. 2. The analysis of the lessons and experiences drawn from the outstanding enlightened and reform activities of the Duy Tan Movement with reference to the current education reform in Viet Nam.
WORLD CLASS UNIVERSITIES IN MALAYSIA: ASPIRATIONS AND REALITY
Authors: Vu Anh Thi Phuong , Pham Ly Thi
Published: April 2020

The Malaysian government and public consider the task of establishing world-class universities to be of primary importance; however their achievement in this field remains quite modest. This article examines the history of establishing world-class universities in Malaysia and tries to determine the reasons of falling short of the goal. According to the authors, two main reasons leading to the inadequacy of Malaysian universities are: 1/ The government is too deeply involved in schools' operation; schools are not sufficiently decentralized 2/ The Chinese culture and especially Muslim culture of Malaysia do not encourage students to be creative or to challenge. Malaysia requires policies that facilitate human resources in order to achieve desired results in the field of higher education.
MANAGERIAL FACTORS INFLUENCING PRODUCTIVITY OF APPAREL MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES IN HOCHIMINH CITY
Authors: Tran Loan Thi Kim , Bui Hung Nguyen
Published: April 2020

Productivity is playing a significant role in economic development of a nation. In the context of global and regional competition, productivity is critically important to industries in general and to firms/enterprises in a paucity. Especially, to developing countries, labour productivity is one of the most crucial determinants. A number of existing literature have involved productivity and factors influencing productivity in different ways and perspectives. However, most past studies have examined productivity across developed countries which may have conditions differ significantly from those of developing countries such as Vietnam. Alternately, based on results/findings of the previous empirical studies, researchers have just proposed a portfolio of factors having an effect on firm productivity. Moreover, there is a lack of an appropriate theoretical model into and out of these works. Therefore, this paper aims to bridge the gap in existing knowledge. The work introduces three sections. The first involves reviewing related literature on research topic. Seeking published and un published information relating to productivity area helps author to put forward a model which dig for main determinants to exert an impact on firm productivity. The second demonstrates quantitative research about key factors governing productivity of textile and garment firms/enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City. The last proposes a need for further research to test the recommended theoretical model.
KIRILGANLIĞA ESNEKLİK CEVABI “İNOVASYON” OLABİLİR Mİ? KIRILGAN BEŞLİ İNCELEMESİ
Authors: ÇİTÇİ Umut Sanem , DOLU Asli , EKİNCİ Ramazan
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışmada, uluslararası kredi derecelendirme kuruluşları tarafından 2013 Mayıs ve 2017 Kasım tarihlerinde kırılgan beşli olarak ilan edilen ülke sınıflandırmalarını baz alarak inovasyonun kırılganlıktan çıkmak için bir çözüm oluşturup oluşturamayacağının cevabı aranmıştır. Bu kapsamda, çalışmada ikincil bir veri kaynağı olan Küresel İnovasyon Endeksinin 2009-2018 yıllık raporlarından derlenerek oluşturulan inovasyon endeksi (GII), inovasyon girdi endeksi ve inovasyon çıktı endeksi verileri kullanılmıştır. 2013 ve 2017 sınıflandırmalarında kırılgan ülke statüsünde olan 9 ülke için 10 yıllık inovasyon endeksi değişimi incelenmiştir. Bunun sonucunda, her iki sınıflandırmada da kırılgan ülke statüsünde tek ülke olan Türkiye’nin inovasyon endeksi değerlerinde yüzde 7’lik bir pozitif değişim olduğu gözlenmiştir. İlginç olan şudur ki; 2017 kırılgan beşli sınıflandırmasında artık kırılgan ülke olarak sayılmayan Hindistan, Endonezya, Brezilya ve Güney Afrika ülkelerinin bu süreçteki inovasyon endeksi değerlerinde düşüş olmuştur. Dolayısıyla, Türkiye için inovasyon endeksindeki iyileşmenin ülkeye sermaye hareketi kazandırması etkisinin sınırlı kaldığı yorumu yapılmıştır. Bu sınırlı etkiyi açıklayabilmek için ülkenin risk kredibilitesini gösteren Kredi Risk Primi (CDS) verileri incelenmiştir. Türkiye’nin CDS değerinde 2009-2019 yılları arasında yaklaşık yüzde 180 ile çok yüksek bir artış olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bu durum, sermaye hareketindeki sınırlamayı betimsel olarak açıklamaktadır.

Bu betimsel sonuçların ekonometrik bir yöntem ile yorumlanabilmesi için çalışmanın ampirik bulgular kısmında Boostrap Veri Zarflama analizi kullanılmıştır. Girdi değişkenlerini temsilen inovasyon sürecine yönelik 5 göstergeden hareketle elde edilen inovasyon girdi endeksi, çıktı değişkenini temsilen ise 2 gösterge üzerinden elde edilen inovasyon çıktı endeksi değişkeni kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, Türkiye’nin inovasyon teknik etkinlik skorunun 0,795 olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. 2013 kırılgan beşli sınıflamasına göre Türkiye inovasyon etkinlik ortalaması bakımından üçüncü sırada, 2017 sınıflamasında ikinci sırada yer almaktadır. Dolayısıyla, bulgular birlikte değerlendirildiğinde veri zarflama analizi sonucunda da inovasyonun tek başına kırılganlığa bir esneklik cevabı olamayacağı elde edilmiştir.
O papel do psicopedagogo no processo de ensino-aprendizagem do aluno surdo
Authors: Oliveira Thayná Vieira de
Published: April 2020

A preocupação básica deste estudo é refletir sobre o papel do psicopedagogo no processo ensino-aprendizagem do aluno surdo na educação infantil. Este artigo tem como objetivos analisar a importância do ensino da LIBRAS – Linguagem de Sinais na educação e a o papel do psicopedagogo frente a isso. Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica considerando contribuição de autores como Carvalho (2004), Freire (1986) e Lima (2006), entre outros, procurando enfatizar a importância da educação da LIBRAS e práticas do psicopedagogo institucional. Cessa-se a relevância de ter um psicopedagogo detectar as dificuldades que os alunos enfrentam, usando o aluno como eixo norteador para solucionar os problemas.
A transformação da informação em conhecimento pela escola: Por uma constituição docente pautada na reflexão crítica
Authors: Roppa Janete de Lima
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo aborda a transformação da informação em conhecimento pela escola e pesquisa as possibilidades teórico-metodológicas que contribuem para que essa transformação aconteça, levando em consideração a escola, os docentes e o mundo do trabalho que está cada vez mais complexa e competitiva devido à globalização e às mudanças ocorridas, nos últimos anos, na economia, na tecnologia, nas relações sociais e nas relações de trabalho. A partir de uma revisão bibliográfica de teóricos que abordam esses temas, objetiva-se um entendimento acerca da formação de professores na atualidade. O resultado mostrou que apesar das dificuldades advindas do meio educacional, os docentes trabalham de forma dialética contribuindo com os alunos, futuros profissionais, buscando preparar cidadãos para a vida e para o mundo do trabalho. Os docentes trabalham para atender a demanda, oferecendo um ensino de qualidade a todos.
Obtenção do etanol a partir do reaproveitamento dos rejeitos do processo de produção da cachaça
Authors: Lourenço Caroline Ashelley da Silva , Toledo Jady Cristina Nascimento , Bianchi Roberta Martins da Costa
Published: April 2020

Atualmente existem duas metodologias para a fabricação de cachaça, a artesanal e a industrial. A fabricação artesanal ocorre por meio de um equipamento conhecido como alambique. A produção industrial acontece em um equipamento chamado de coluna fracionada com o objetivo de conseguir uma produção em maior proporção. Devido à pequena escala de produção, a cachaça artesanal se destaca em relação à cachaça industrial, por obter uma qualidade sensorial superior. Porém, para que esta qualidade seja mantida, na etapa de fabricação e destilação, deve-se ter um cuidado maior, separando as partes do destilado, conhecidas como cabeça e cauda, que não podem ser agregadas ao produto final, pois caracterizam aroma desagradável ao produto, além de ser prejudicial à saúde do consumidor. Desta forma os produtores atualmente separam estas frações, mas acabam descartando-as de formam incorreta. O presente trabalho visa utilizar os rejeitos do processo de destilação da cachaça, cabeça e cauda, para a obtenção de um novo subproduto, o etanol combustível. Este novo produto além de trazer renda e aumentar a viabilidade do negócio, também evita que estes rejeitos sejam descartados de forma inadequada. Para a verificação de viabilidade desta conversão, foi reproduzida em escala laboratorial a produção da cachaça para obtenção dos rejeitos, cabeça e cauda, a fim de aumentar a graduação alcoólica dos mesmos, para assim obter o etanol combustível.
Segurança do paciente crítico na atenção Materno-Infantil no Sistema Único de Saúde: Relato de experiência
Authors: Souza Claudia Maria de , Brasileiro Claudia Maria de
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: Relatar experiência vivenciada por uma enfermeira na assistência hospitalar, materno-infantil a pacientes críticos na interface da atenção secundária com a atenção terciária, contextualizando a segurança do paciente nos processos de trabalho em maternidade pública municipal no Estado de Goiás. Método: Tipo de estudo relato de experiência com vivência, realizado através da observação e descrição dos dados. Resultados: Percebeu-se fragilidade nos processos de trabalho da equipe, sobretudo na transferência destas pacientes para a atenção terciária. Observou-se que se faz necessária a adesão às medidas de segurança do paciente pelos profissionais, bem como refletir sobre a qualidade no atendimento, visto que o fato de necessitar atenção hospitalar mais complexa pode causar nas pacientes insegurança e medo, fenômenos que estão em desacordo com a segurança da assistência materno-infantil. Considerações finais: Após análise dos resultados constatou-se que é de extrema importância da implementação de todos os protocolos de segurança do paciente na instituição. Este estudo pode influenciar nas condutas dos profissionais e/ou contribuir para que a instituição a nível juntamente com a gestão do Município possa adotar medidas que melhorem a segurança dos pacientes e assim garantir uma assistência com qualidade.
Investment models in transition process
Authors: Andrašić Jelena , Kalaš Branimir , Mitrović Vera , Milenković Nada
Published: April 2020

Based on a theoretical review of investment models through full and partial ownership, the aim of the paper is to provide an examination of factors that influence to the choice of investment model in six transition countries from region provide recommendations that which investment models would be appropriate between observed countries. Using a multivariate cluster analysis on a sample of six transition countries from region, a grouping of countries was carried out according to next criteria in the period 2000- 2014: a) economic growth, b) competitiveness and c) institutional distance. The results of analysis have shown that Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Macedonia
should choose the investment model of partial ownership when investing in Croatia and Slovenia. Slovenia and Croatia should choose investment model of full ownership when investing in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia, especially in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina because they represent a growing market. Also, in mutual exchange, Slovenia and Croatia should choose models of full ownership, as well as Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Reaction of hybrid rice and component lines to rice black bug [Scotinophara coarctata (Fabricius), Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]
Authors: Sinangote Brian , Gerona Reny , Reformina Ma. Dinah , Babb Ma. Gina , Borines Lucia
Published: April 2020

A limiting factor to hybrid rice production in the Philippines is the susceptibility of hybrid rice component lines to diseases and insect pests. Rice black bug (Scotinophara coarctata Fabr.) is among the insect pests and is the newest addition to the list of major pests of rice. This study aims to determine the reaction of hybrid rice component lines to rice black bug (RBB).
Eighty-four (84) hybrid rice componet lines were evaluated for their reacton to RBB. Two batches of unreplicated preliminary screening of the lines were done. Two sets of re-evaluation were also conducted. The standard evaluation system for rice (SE) was followed.
No lines showed resistance to RBB during the preliminary screening. Twentysix (26) lines which showed a moderately susceptible reaction were re-evaluated in a replicated experiment. Among them, R2-6 and IR60819R showed resistance, PR4B showed an intermediate reaction and GUI99 showed a moderatley susceptible reaction. These promising lines were further valueated against RBB and results showed thatR2-6 was rated highly resistant (HR), IR60819R was resistant (R), PR4B was moderately resistant (MR) and GUI99 was moderately susceptible (MS). Most of the hybrid rice component lines are susceptible to RBB.
DESIGN PROMOTION MEDIA FOR REOG PONOROGO WITH GRAPHIC MOTION OF WAYANG KULIT
Authors: Ajiprabowo Gheraldi Waskito , Handriyotopo Handriyotopo
Published: April 2020

Reog Ponorogo art is an Indonesian cultural heritage that must be preserved in the mid of current cultural competition nowadays. One of the ways to preserve Reog art is by introducing it to the wider community, especially the younger generation. The purpose of this design is to produce motion graphic media to introduce Reog Ponorogo traditional art. This design uses the 5W+1H approach, with the following stages: 1) reviewing the problems; 2) developing with the relevant questions; 3) developing the answers of those questions; 4) making the right solution. The result of this study shows that the design of Reog Ponorogo motion graphics can be the right media to provide information about Reog art to the public, especially millennial youth. This motion graphic media is quite comprehensive, because it is completed with supporting media such as posters, print ads, merchandise, and Instagram.
CREATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF BARONGAN LEMPUNG IN BLORA
Authors: Muksin Muksin , Dharsono Dharsono , Hastanto Sri , Damayanti Nuning Y.
Published: April 2020

Barongan is a ritual medium in the rituals of the sacred traditional ceremonies. Its shape and character emit a scary and frightening aura. Children Blora make artificial barongan become barongan lempung as toys. This study focuses on the issue of transformation in the barongan lempung Blora. This study uses a qualitative approach with direct observation methods, interviews, artifact data and literature studies. Data analysis uses an interactive analysis approach. The results of the study showed that: (1) The existence of the mask barongan is in the heart’s of Blora people, has the form of a sacred, fierce and frightening, but its presence is always eagerly awaited by adults to children as entertainment; (2) the mask barongan gives a distinct impression in the hearts of children, so that barongan sacred inspires the emergence of barongan lempung (clay mask) as their toys; (3) The shape of the barongan lempung is created by imitating it directly from the original barongan.
KRIS NUSANTARA: KRIS AS A BOND OF SOCIO-CULTURAL VALUES SHIFTS INTO INDIVIDUAL-CULTURAL BONDS AND AS ASSETS IN BUSINESS ALTERNATIVES
Authors: Dharsono, M.Sn Dharsono
Published: April 2020

Kris as an artifact is an expression of community culture in the form of artifacts as the result of ideas and human behavior in the community (in this case Javanese society). Kris which was originally used as a bond in socio-cultural values turned into individual-cultural bonds that could be used as assets in business alternatives. To reach the objectives, the steps of research that are carried out with a qualitative research model with a cultural approach are needed, referring to the teachings of Javanese culture in accordance with the philosophy of Javanese culture. This research produces preservation kris, which is stored and treated as one of the culture of kelangenan, as a cultural heritage, and in conservation, namely conservation by trying to develop values in accordance with the social institutions of the community. Kris as a national cultural asset leads to a conservation-progressive force. The tough kris that develops in the kris community is revitalizing conservation (sanggit), vitally still referring to traditional art as its main reference. Kris in the latest development has become a trend in the development of the art business.
Rural profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) survival patients attending in tertiary level hospital in Bogura: a hospital based retrospective observational study.
Authors: Barma Parometa , Khalil Ibrahim , Yeasmin Tanzima
Published: April 2020

Developing country like Bangladesh among 90% of oral malignant neoplasm are arising from squamous layer of oral epithelium which are third leading of this country with severe disfiguration, functiolaesa, psychological impairments and socio-economic hardship. In this study we found the prevalence of OSCC was 6.5% among total cancer patients in the two tertiary level hospitals of Bogura. Male (70%) are affected more than in females (30%). In response to male and female parameter, sex distribution ratio was 2.3:1. The prevalent average age was 55.40 years. About 80% of ulcer site was buccal mucosa then 10 % were lip mucosa. About 80% people were habituated by betel nut, leaf with tobacco chewers. Moreover 46.7% of them were maltreated by quack doctors before. Majority of the patient was in Grade II (56.7%). Correlation between variable in respect of age and cancer grading was explained. According to these study OSCC patients in north bangle region like Bogura was quite high on ( significant p-value ≤ 0.05). Description of oral squamous cell carcinoma on the basis of demographic and clinical profile was the major aim . Most of the cases report with intermediate grade of the disease which often leads to decrease the chance of survival of a patient. So new strategies should be considered to overcome the present situation must be undertaken by oral health programs for the early diagnosis and prevention, build up awareness and management and follow up of oral cancer.

Update Dent. Coll. j: 2020; 10 (1): 3-5
Comparison between infiltration and inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia for extraction of Advance periodontitis of mandibular molars
Authors: Haque Muhammad Mubashirul , Anisuzzaman Mostafa Md , Hasan Sajid , Adnan Nubad
Published: April 2020

Aim: The focus of the education was to assess the success between localanesthetic infiltration injection and inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia in extraction of Chronic periodontitis mandibular posterior teeth.

Methods: 100 patients aged between 13 and 73 years who attended the Department of Dental surgery, BIRDEM General Hospital for extraction of advance periodontitis of mandibular molars were included in this study. For the infiltration anesthetic technique, patient’s approval was taken. The patients were equally divided into two groups. Group (1) received 0.6 ml out of 1.8 ml of 2% lidocaine with 1:80000 adrenaline injection bucally and the same amount infiltration lingually opposite the intended tooth. Group (2) received 1.5 ml out of 1.8 ml of 2% lidocaine with 1:80000 and the remaining 0.3 ml was injected for long buccal nerve anesthesia.

Results: In this Study we found 88% patients were pain free and Group-2 94% patients were pain free During extraction of Advance periodontitis of mandibular molars. P-value was 0.138 and it was not < 0.05. So it was not significant. On the other side 103 patients out of 113 were pain free in male and 79 patients out of 87 were pain free in female and 6 patients out of 87 were feeling pain during tooth extraction of advance periodontitis of mandibular molars. P-value was 0.138 and it was not < 0.05. So it was not significant.

Conclusion: Infiltration anesthesia for non-vital mandibular molars is effective as a substitute for inferior alveolar block technique.

Update Dent. Coll. j: 2020; 10 (1): 13-15
Husserlian phenomenology in Korean nursing research: analysis, problems, and suggestions
Authors: Kim Hye-Kyung , Jun Myunghee , Rhee Stephanie , Wreen Michael
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This paper is a critical review of the descriptive phenomenological methodology in Korean nursing research. We propose constructive suggestions for the improvement of descriptive phenomenological methodology in light of Husserl’s phenomenological approaches.Methods: Using the keywords of ‘phenomenology,’ ‘experience,’ and ‘nursing,’ we identify and analyze 64 Korean empirical phenomenological studies (selected from 282 studies) published in 14 Korean nursing journals from 2005 to 2018. The PubMed and the Korea Citation Index were used to identify the studies.Results: Our analysis shows that all the reviewed articles used Giorgi’s or Colaizzi’s scientific phenomenological methodology, without critical attention to Husserl’s philosophical phenomenological principles.Conclusion: The use of scientific phenomenology in nursing research, which originated in North America, has become a global phenomenon, and Korean phenomenological nursing research has faithfully followed this scholarly trend. This paper argues that greater integration of Husserlian phenomenological principles into scientific phenomenological methodology in nursing research, such as participant-centered bracketing and eidetic reduction, is needed to ensure that scientific phenomenology lives up to its promise as a research methodology.
Effects of novel, non-native detritus on decomposition and invertebrate community assemblage
Authors: Haram LE , Sotka EE , Byers JE
Published: April 2020

When non-native primary producers become successful, the structure and function of native detrital food webs can be fundamentally altered. Salt marsh estuaries of the southeastern USA are in part detritus-based ecosystems and rely on the annual production of detritus from a single native species, the smooth cordgrassSpartina alterniflora. Over the last several decades, the success of a novel primary producer, the red macroalgaAgarophyton vermiculophyllum(formerlyGracilaria vermiculophylla), in a system historically devoid of macroalgae provides the opportunity to measure the effect of non-native basal resources on native detrital pathways. We conducted 2in situexperiments to compare (1) decomposition rates ofA. vermiculophyllumandS. alternifloraand (2) invertebrate colonization rates onto deadA. vermiculophyllumandS. alterniflora. Relative toS. alterniflora, we found thatA. vermiculophyllumdecomposes more rapidly, losing 80% or more of its biomass within 3 wk, whileS. alternifloralost ~50%. Experimental litterbags with decomposedA. vermiculophyllumandS. alternifloraharbored similar highly abundant invertebrate communities that differed greatly from denuded areas. Our results demonstrate thatA. vermiculophyllumprovides a complementary source of labile organic matter relative toS. alterniflora, boosting the amount of food and available habitat for small invertebrates of intertidal salt marshes and mudflats. Thus, non-native macrophytes may differentially affect community and ecosystem properties just as much when dead as alive, especially when they are biologically distinct from native species.
The Steroid Spectrum During and After Quitting Smoking
Authors: JANDIKOVA H. , DUSKOVA M. , SIMUNKOVA K. , RACZ B. , HILL M. , KRALIKOVA E. , VONDRA K. , STARKA L.
Published: April 2020

Addiction to tobacco results in an imbalance of endocrine homeostasis in both sexes. This can also have impacts on fertility problems. The male reproductive system is less susceptible than that of females, with a worsening spermiogram in smokers, the most cited effect in the literature. However, the literature is inconsistent as to the effects of smoking on steroid hormone levels in men, and there is very little data on the effects of quitting smoking in men. In this study we followed 76 men before quitting smoking, and then after 6, 12, and 24 weeks and 1 year of abstinence. We measured basic anthropomorphic data and steroid hormone levels along with steroid neuroactive metabolites using GC-MS. We demonstrate lower androgen levels in men who smoke, and these changes worsened after quitting smoking. There was a drop in SHBG already in the first week of non-smoking, and levels continued to remain low. Male smokers have lower androgen levels compared to non-smokers. The lower the initial level of androgen, the lower the likelihood of success in quitting smoking. Changes in steroid hormones proved to be a promising marker for the prediction of success in quitting smoking.
The Impact of Selected Cytokines in the Follow-Up of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: SOSVOROVA L. , MOHAPL M. , VCELAK J. , HILL M. , VITKU J. , HAMPL R.
Published: April 2020

Cytokines are widely known mediators of inflammation accompanying many neurodegenerative disorders including normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). NPH is caused by impaired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reabsorption and treated by surgical shunt insertion. The diagnostics is still complicated and the shunt effect is not durable; after several years, dementia may develop. In the clinical practice, biomarkers support the diagnostics as well as the further time course of many neurodegenerative diseases. Until recently, no reliable biomarker for NPH was evaluated. The attempt of this review was to make a survey concerning cytokines as possible NPH markers. Among all reviewed cytokines, the most promising are CSF IL-10 and IL-33, enabling to follow-up the disease progression and monitoring the effectiveness of the shunt insertion.
Activation of Helicobacter Pylori Causes Either Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases or Carcinogenesis in the Digestive Tract
Authors: ASTL J. , ŠTERZL I.
Published: April 2020

Helicobacter pylori has been implicated in stimulation of immune system, development of autoimmune endocrinopathies as autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) and on other hand induction of immunosupresion activates gastric and extra-gastric diseases such as gastric ulcer or cancer. It causes persistent lifelong infection despite local and systemic immune response. Our results indicate that Helicobacter pylori might cause inhibition of the specific cellular immune response in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients with or without autoimmune diseases such as AT. We cannot also declare the carcinogenic effect in oropharynx. However the association of any infection agents and cancerogenesis exists. The adherence of Helicobacter pylori expression and enlargement of benign lymphatic tissue and the high incidence of the DNA of Helicobacter pylori in laryngopharyngeal and oropharyngeal cancer is reality. LTT appears to be a good tool for detection of immune memory cellular response in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection and AT. All these complications of Helicobacter pylori infection can be abrogated by successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori.
Association of Adenovirus 36 Infection With Obesity-Related Gene Variants in Adolescents
Authors: DUŠÁTKOVÁ L. , ZAMRAZILOVÁ H. , ALDHOON HAINEROVÁ I. , ATKINSON R. L. , SEDLÁČKOVÁ B. , LEE Z. P. , VČELÁK J. , BENDLOVÁ B. , KUNEŠOVÁ M. , HAINER V.
Published: April 2020

Both, common gene variants and human adenovirus 36 (Adv36) are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. The potential relationship between these two pathogenic factors has not yet been investigated. The aim of our study was to examine the association of obesity susceptibility loci with Adv36 status. Genotyping of ten gene variants (in/near TMEM18, SH2B1, KCTD15, PCSK1, BDNF, SEC16B, MC4R, FTO) and analysis of Adv36 antibodies was performed in 1,027 Czech adolescents aged 13.0-17.9 years. Variants of two genes (PCSK1 and BDNF) were associated with Adv36 seropositivity. A higher prevalence of Adv36 antibody positivity was observed in obesity risk allele carriers of PCSK1 rs6232, rs6235 and BDNF rs4923461 vs. non-carriers (χ2=6.59, p=0.010; χ2=7.56, p=0.023 and χ2=6.84, p=0.033, respectively). The increased risk of Adv36 positivity was also found in PCSK1 variants: rs6232 (OR=1.67, 95 % CI 1.11-2.49, p=0.016) and rs6235 (OR=1.34, 95 % CI 1.08-1.67, p=0.010). PCSK1 rs6232 and BDNF rs925946 variants were closely associated with Adv36 status in boys and girls, respectively (χ2=5.09, p=0.024; χ2=7.29, p=0.026). Furthermore, PCSK1 rs6235 risk allele was related to Adv36 seropositivity (χ2=6.85, p=0.033) in overweight/obese subgroup. In conclusion, our results suggest that obesity risk variants of PCSK1 and BDNF genes may be related to Adv36 infection.
Increased Serum Levels of C21 Steroids in Female Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: KANCEVA R. , STÁRKA L. , KANCHEVA L. , HILL M. , VELIKOVÁ M. , HAVRDOVÁ E.
Published: April 2020

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological diseases. This neurodegenerative autoimmune disease manifests as inflammatory and demyelinating impairment of the central nervous system (CNS). Although some studies demonstrated associations between altered steroidogenesis and pathophysiology of MS as well as the importance of steroids in the pathophysiology of MS, the knowledge concerning the steroid metabolome in female patients is limited. Hence, 51 steroids and steroid polar conjugates were measured in the serum of 12 women with MS, untreated with steroids and 6 age-corresponding female controls with the use of gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The data were processed using age adjusted ANCOVA, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis and orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS). Our data show higher levels of circulating C21 steroids including steroid modulators of ionotropic type A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA A) receptors and glutamate receptors. Furthermore, the levels of GABAergic androsterone and 5-androsten-3β,7α,17β-triol were also higher in the female MS patients. In conclusion, the data demonstrate higher levels of circulating C21 steroids and their polar conjugates and some bioactive C19 steroids in women with MS, which may influence neuronal activity and affect the balance between neuroprotection and excitotoxicity.
Reduced Sulfotransferase SULT2A1 Activity in Patients With Alzheimer´s Disease
Authors: VAŇKOVÁ M. , HILL M. , VELÍKOVÁ M. , VČELÁK J. , VACÍNOVÁ G. , LUKÁŠOVÁ P. , VEJRAŽKOVÁ D. , DVOŘÁKOVÁ K. , RUSINA R. , HOLMEROVÁ I. , JAROLÍMOVÁ E. , VAŇKOVÁ H. , BENDLOVÁ B.
Published: April 2020

Steroids are important components in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although their role has been studied, the corresponding metabolomic data is limited. In the present study we evaluate the role of steroid sulfotransferase SULT2A1 in the pathophysiology of AD on the basis of circulating steroids (measured by GC-MS), in which the sulfation catalyzed by SULT2A1 dominates over glucuronidation (pregnenolone/sulfate, DHEA/sulfate, androstenediol/sulfate and 5α-reduced pregnane and androstane catabolites). To estimate a general trend of SUL2A1 activity in AD patients we compared the ratios of steroid conjugates to their unconjugated counterparts (C/U) in controls (11 men and 22 women) and AD patients (18 men and 16 women) for individual circulating steroids after adjustment for age and BMI using ANCOVA model including the factors AD status and gender. Decreased C/U ratio for the C19 steroids demonstrate an association between attenuated sulfation of C19 steroids in adrenal zona reticularis and the pathophysiology of AD.
The deployment of racism in South Africa
Authors: Variava Rooha
Published: April 2020

This work has been motivated by the debates concerning the questions and issues of racism in South Africa up to the end of the 1980s. The work analyses the practice of racism from an inter-disciplinary perspective, based on Michel Foucault’s texts. It develops a conceptual and historical framework which itself has been derived and elaborated from that analysis. It covers three hundred years of South African history based to a large extent on primary sources. In critical ways it differs from the standpoint of the dominant Marxist and Liberal accounts of South African historiography until the end of apartheid. It attempts to avoid some of the pitfalls into which analysts from these schools have tended to fall in their contribution to the race-class debate on colonialism, segregation and apartheid in South Africa.
Using SPOT-7 for Nitrogen Fertilizer Management in Oil Palm
Authors: Yadegari Mohammad , Shamshiri Redmond R. , Mohamed Shariff Abdul Rashid , Balasundram Siva K. , Mahns Benjamin
Published: April 2020

Environmental concerns are growing about excessive applying nitrogen (N) fertilizers, especially in oil palm. Some conventional methods which are used to assess the amount of nutrient in oil palm are time-consuming, expensive, and involve frond destruction. Remote sensing as a non-destructive, affordable, and efficient method is widely used to detect the concentration of chlorophyll (Chl) from canopy plants using several vegetation indices (VIs) because there is an influential relation between the concentration of N in the leaves and canopy Chl content. The objectives of this research are to (i) evaluate and compare the performance of various vegetation indices (VIs) for measuring N status in oil palm canopy using SPOT-7 imagery (AIRBUS Defence & Space, Ottobrunn, Germany) to (ii) develop a regression formula that can predict the N content using satellite data to (iii) assess the regression formula performance on testing datasets by testing the coefficient of determination between the predicted and measured N contents. SPOT-7 was acquired in a 6-ha oil palm planted area in Pahang, Malaysia. To predict N content, 28 VIs based on the spectral range of SPOT-7 satellite images were evaluated. Several regression models were applied to determine the highest coefficient of determination between VIs and actual N content from leaf sampling. The modified soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI) generated the highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.93). MTVI1 and triangular VI had the highest second and third coefficient of determination with N content (R2 = 0.926 and 0.923, respectively). The classification accuracy assessment of the developed model was evaluated using several statistical parameters such as the independent t-test, and p-value. The accuracy assessment of the developed model was more than 77%.
Morphological, Physiological, and Genetic Responses to Salt Stress in Alfalfa: A Review
Authors: Bhattarai Surendra , Biswas Dilip , Fu Yong-Bi , Biligetu Bill
Published: April 2020

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important legume forage crop. However, its genetic improvement for salt tolerance is challenging, as alfalfa’s response to salt stress is genetically and physiologically complex. A review was made to update the knowledge of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and genetic responses of alfalfa plants to salt stress, and to discuss the potential of applying modern plant technologies to enhance alfalfa salt-resistant breeding, including genomic selection, RNA-Seq analysis, and cutting-edge Synchrotron beamlines. It is clear that alfalfa salt tolerance can be better characterized, genes conditioning salt tolerance be identified, and new marker-based tools be developed to accelerate alfalfa breeding for salt tolerance.
Data Grouping Method for the Purpose of Forecasting the Mechanical Strength of Plastic Soils
Authors: Błażejczak Dariusz , Jurga Jan , Pytka Jarosław
Published: April 2020

The aim of this work was to develop a method of data grouping (DGM) that enables the selection of regression equations for forecasting soil penetration resistance based on an easily available and small set of input data: soil moisture content, soil bulk density and the grain size distribution of the soil. Models for forecasting the penetration resistance were created by selecting regression equations for specific intervals of granulometric variability of soil fractions. A field measurements campaign was conducted and soil samples were taken from the subsoil on 43 profiles, at depths of 25–30, 35–40, 45–50 and 55–60 cm. It was found that the dry bulk density is much less useful for predicting the penetration resistance of plastic soils than soil moisture. The study also showed that it is possible to forecast the soil penetration resistance on the basis of the gravimetric moisture content and the soil specific surface.