bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glaucoma Disease‐Specific Adherence Measurement Tools Validated for Measuring Adherence to Glaucoma Medications: A Systematic Review
Authors: Abaidoo B. , Mashige K. P. , Govender‐Poonsamy P. , Tagoe N. N. , Essuman V. A. , Adam S. Y.
Published: February 2025

Background

Reviewing validated glaucoma disease‐specific tools for measuring adherence could encourage adherence monitoring to avoid progressive visual field losses in people living with glaucoma.

Aim

To review the literature on validated disease‐specific tools for measuring adherence to glaucoma medications.

Methods

Relevant peer‐reviewed publications from the year 2000 to 2022 from PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and PROquest were retrieved. For each search conducted, the name of the search engine used, date of search, number of publications retrieved, and keywords used were documented. The selected articles were reviewed for inclusion and assessed for biases and quality. Each tool was described by the type of measurement, technique for measurement, strengths and weaknesses, and method of validation, respectively.

Results

Out of the 10 included articles, seven glaucoma disease‐specific tools were identified namely; Glaucoma Treatment Compliance Assessment Tool‐Short form (GTCAT‐S), Glaucoma Treatment Compliance Assessment Tool‐Long form (GTCAT‐L), Travatan Dosing Aid (TDA), Eye‐Drop Satisfaction Questionnaire (EDSQ), Glaucoma Adherence Questionnaire‐Revised (GAQ‐R), Glaucoma Adherence Questionnaire‐Old (GAQ‐O), and Schwartz Adherence Questionnaire (SAQ). Three studies had a low risk of bias, and seven recorded a moderate risk of bias. The TDA, GTCAT‐S, and GTCAT‐L were rated as high‐quality tools.

Conclusions

Seven glaucoma disease‐specific tools for measuring adherence were found. Integration of regular measurement of medication adherence as part of care for glaucoma patients would be beneficial for both patients and providers of eye care.
Factors Associated With Low Tuberculosis Case Detection and Investigation in Public Health Facilities (PHFs) in Bududa District, Uganda: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Tumuhairwe Imelda , Komuhangi Alimah , Okello Alfred , Ayebale Apolo , Buyinza Ambrose Wabwire , Bwire Godfrey
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

Despite global efforts to combat tuberculosis (TB), Uganda bears a high burden, with an annual incidence of 200 per 100,000 and a mortality rate of 35 per 100,000 persons. This study investigates TB prevalence, detection rates, and associated factors in public health facilities (PHFs) in Bududa district.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study employing Mixed Methods Research (MMR) was conducted in November 2019 on respondents with symptoms suggestive of TB and key informants overseeing TB care in Bududa district, Uganda.

Results

Only 18.8% (46/245) of respondents who reported symptoms suggestive of TB were investigated for infection. The majority, 87.4%, never had sputum requested and 91.7% never had a chest X‐ray done. Participants from rural areas were 26% less likely to be screened for TB than their urban counterparts (PR = 1.26, 95% CI [1.16–1.38]). Challenges for TB care included staffing shortages and inadequate medical supplies and equipment.

Conclusion

This study highlights the disparity between high TB burden and low detection rates in Bududa district. The Government of Uganda and stakeholders should invest in solving the challenges identified by this study.
Simulation and Optimization of Finned and Twisted Double‐Tube Heat Exchanger Using Neural Network Algorithm
Authors: Chegini Javid Nezamivand , Javaherdeh Kourosh , Seddigh Alireza Asadi
Published: February 2025

Creating a high heat transfer flux is not a common phenomenon and occurs only when a source of heat production (or consumption) is placed in a small volume; in precision casting systems, heat transfer should be done at a high velocity due to the presence of thin molten branches. Nanofluids present a significant opportunity to improve the thermal efficiency. In this research, a combination of different solutions to enhance heat transfer has been evaluated simultaneously. For this purpose, in the current research, aluminum oxide non‐Newtonian nanofluid in volume percentages of 0, 0.5, 1.5, and 2 has been investigated in a torsional heat exchanger with a rotating triangular blade around the tube. The base fluid of this non‐Newtonian nanofluid consists of water with 0.1% mass of carboxymethyl cellulose. In this study's results, the heat exchanger's performance has been predicted. Combining neural network optimization code with the numerical simulation of the double‐tube spiral geometry and using non‐Newtonian nanofluid to increase the heat transfer and improve the performance of the heat exchanger is the innovation of the present research.
Numerical Simulation on the Impact Cooling of Multi‐Nozzle Jet for Hot‐Rolled L‐Beam and Industrial Test
Authors: Li Jie , Zhao Xianming
Published: February 2025

The consistency of cooling greatly influences the quality of L‐beams. In this paper, the process of cooling high‐temperature L‐beams by multi‐jet impingement is numerically simulated. The VOF model and Realizable k–ε turbulence model were used, and the reliability of the Realizable k–ε turbulence model was verified using experiments. The jet flow rate is mainly 3–11 L/min. Numerical simulation calculations were used to obtain the distribution law of pressure, streamline, and wall shear of the flow field of the multi‐nozzle jet impinging on the surface of the L‐beam, as well as the distribution of Nusselt number of the L‐beam and the temperature distribution at 1/2 thickness. The results suggest that the cooling uniformity of the L‐beam can be enhanced by extending the cooling duration of the short edge or by concurrently increasing the water flow and time of the short edge. Based on the above strategy, a relevant industrial test program was developed. After the jet impingement cooling experiment, the L‐beam's surface temperature differential decreased by 43.9°C, and the bending of the L‐beam was decreased by 10.4 cm. The maximum value of the magnetic field gradient associated with the stress in the L‐beams was reduced by up to 80.2%.
Modelling Count Data in Psychological Research: An Applied Tutorial
Authors: Too Miranda A. , Alter Udi , Flora David B.
Published: February 2025

Across subfields of psychology, researchers frequently encounter count variables (i.e., non‐negative integer values, which result from counted measurements). Although count variables are common in psychological research (e.g., frequency of behaviours or symptoms), researchers may not be aware of appropriate statistical procedures for modelling and drawing inferences from count data. Specialised regression techniques (i.e., generalised linear models and zero‐augmented models) have been developed for the unique properties of count data, but they can seem inaccessible to non‐technical audiences because of their departure from more familiar methods. Assuming a basic knowledge of linear regression, this tutorial aims to demystify count regression approaches and empower researchers to apply these methods to their own count data, using free, open‐source statistical software (i.e., R). This tutorial takes researchers step‐by‐step through the implementation of count regression methods in applied research, imparting them with the knowledge to confidently implement these techniques.
Enhanced BoxInst for Weakly Supervised Liver Tumor Instance Segmentation in CT Images
Authors: Li Shanshan , Zhang Yuhan , Zhang Lingyan , Chen Wei
Published: February 2025

Accurate liver tumor detection and segmentation are essential for disease diagnosis and treatment planning. While traditional methods rely on pixel‐level mask annotations in fully supervised training, weakly supervised techniques are gaining attention due to their reduced annotation requirements. In this study, we propose an enhanced version of BoxInst, called Enhanced BoxInst, which incorporates two key innovations: the position activation (PA) Module and the progressive mask generation (PMG) Module. The PA Module utilizes a Spatial Awareness (SA) Block to accurately locate tumor regions and encodes the location information to the segmentation branch through the Spatial Interaction Encoding (SIE) mechanism, thereby achieving cross‐spatial feature interaction and ultimately improving the segmentation accuracy of liver tumors. Additionally, the PMG Module employs a feature decomposition scheme to refine tumor masks progressively from coarse to fine, accurately restoring the overall layout and boundary details of the tumor mask. Extensive experiments on the LiTS, AMU‐Liver, and 3DIRCADb datasets demonstrate that Enhanced BoxInst outperforms existing methods in liver tumor instance segmentation. These results highlight the potential of our approach for practical use in medical image analysis, especially when only box annotations are available. The code is available at https://github.com/ssli23/Enhanced_BoxInst.
Parent and child gender effects in the relationship between attachment and both internalizing and externalizing problems of children between 2 and 5 years old: A dyadic perspective
Authors: Matetovici Magda , Spruit Anouk , Colonnesi Cristina , Garnier‐Villarreal Mauricio , Noom Marc
Published: February 2025

Acknowledging that the parent–child attachment is a dyadic relationship, we investigated differences between pairs of parents and preschool children based on gender configurations in the association between attachment and problem behavior. We looked at mother–daughter, mother–son, father–daughter, and father–son dyads, but also compared mothers and fathers, daughters and sons, and same versus different gender pairs. We employed multigroup structural equation modeling to explore moderation effects of gender in a sample of 446 independent pairs of parents and preschool children (2–5 years old) from the Netherlands. A stronger association between both secure and avoidant attachment and internalizing problems was found for father–son dyads compared to father–daughter dyads. A stronger association between both secure and avoidant attachment and externalizing problems was found for mother–son dyads compared to mother–daughter and father–daughter dyads. Sons showed a stronger negative association between secure attachment and externalizing problems, a stronger positive association between avoidant attachment and externalizing problems, and a stronger negative association between secure attachment and internalizing problems compared to daughters. These results provide evidence for gender moderation and demonstrate that a dyadic approach can reveal patterns of associations that would not be recognized if parent and child gender effects were assessed separately.
METTL3‐mediated NFAT5 Upregulation Promotes Cervical Cancer Progression Through Enhancing the Mitochondrial Function by Transcriptional Regulation of PRDX1
Authors: He Yanli , Ge Junli , Zhao Shuhua , Zhou Fuxing , Zou Wei , Gao Yan , Liu Shujuan , Zhang Wei
Published: February 2025

Nuclear factor of activated T‐cells 5 (NFAT5) is recognized as an oncogene in a variety of tumors. However, the role of NFAT5 in cervical cancer (CC) cell phenotypic alterations remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that NFAT5 expression was elevated in CC samples and cells using quantitative real‐time reverse transcription PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry assays, and high NFAT5 expression showed a poor prognosis. After C‐33A cells were transfected with pcDNA‐NFAT5 or NFAT5‐short hairpin RNA (shRNA), cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis were evaluated using CCK‐8 and EdU assays, transwell assays, and flow cytometry, respectively. Biomarkers indicating mitochondrial function, including the expression of the d‐loop, ATP levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential, were detected. NFAT5 knockdown restrained cell proliferation and invasion, impaired mitochondrial function, and increased the ratio of cell apoptosis; however, NFAT5 overexpression showed the opposite results. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and methylated RIP (MeRIP) assays were performed to identify interactions among NFAT5, methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3), and insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3). Chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual‐luciferase reporter gene assays demonstrated that NFAT5 binds to the peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) promoter to drive PRDX1 transcription. METTL3 enhanced NFAT5 mRNA stability through IGF2BP3‐mediated N6‐Methyladenosine (m6A) modification, and NFAT5 transcriptionally regulated PRDX1 expression. Moreover, the reintroduction of METTL3 or PRDX1 promoted cell growth and mitochondrial function damage in NFAT5‐silenced cells. In vivo experiments further demonstrated that NFAT5 promotes CC tumor growth. Taken together, NFAT5 upregulation mediated by the METTL3/IGF2BP3 complex in an m6A‐dependent manner facilitates CC cell growth by transcriptionally regulating PRDX1 expression, providing a novel target for CC therapy.
Indication‐Specific Dosing and Dose‐Evaluation Strategies in New Indications for Non‐Oncology Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Tawfik Sherouk M. , Tang Fei
Published: February 2025

Compared to traditional small molecule drugs, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) often display more complex pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties that may be impacted by disease‐specific factors. For mAbs in non‐oncology indications, where the same drug might be used for conditions involving different organ systems and/or having different degrees of severity, the need for indication‐specific dosing and/or tailored dose evaluation strategies is more evident. However, a comprehensive analysis on this topic has not been conducted for approved non‐oncology therapies. In this work, we extracted literature information for non‐oncology mAbs approved in the past 20 years to provide a comprehensive exploration of indication‐specific dosing and dose evaluation strategies in the new indications. Our analysis included 21 mAbs with 50 supplemental approvals for new indications. Indication‐specific dosing was prevalent, with 15 out of 21 mAbs having different recommended dosing regimens across two or more indications. The majority of the new indications were supported by Phase 2 dose‐ranging studies and/or Phase 3 studies that evaluated more than one dosing regimen. Importantly, our analysis uncovered a relationship between indication‐specific dosing, dose evaluation strategies, and organ system classification of the original versus the new indication. We delved into dose justification supporting the new indications, including the types of data and modeling approaches used or considered. Through case studies, we highlighted factors that may influence dose selection in new indications, such as target expression levels, disease severity, and benefit–risk profile. Lastly, we made practical recommendations regarding dose optimization approaches in clinical drug development across multiple indications.
One‐stage minced cartilage autograft with platelet‐rich plasma improves early clinical outcomes: A multicentric retrospective study
Authors: Barbaret Arthur , Wein Frank , Jacquet Christophe , Ollivier Matthieu
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Knee cartilage defects are a therapeutic challenge, often requiring multiple costly procedures with modest improvements. This study evaluates whether a one‐stage minced cartilage autograft with platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) improves clinical and radiological outcomes after at least 1 year.

Methods

A multicentric, non‐randomized, retrospective analysis was conducted using data from two sports medicine centres. Sixty‐six patients aged 18–50 years with symptomatic International Cartilage Repair Society Grade III/IV chondral defects underwent the minced cartilage autograft and PRP procedure between January 2021 and April 2023. The minimum follow‐up was 1 year. Clinical scores for Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Score and Self Knee Value (SKV) were collected from medical records and by an independent examiner at the latest follow‐up. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments using the Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) 2.0 scoring system were performed at the latest follow‐up in 46 patients (70%).

Results

The mean follow‐up was 20.5 ± 7.5 months. The study demonstrated significant improvements in knee function and pain relief following the minced cartilage autograft with the PRP procedure. The mean KOOS total score started from 45.3 to 71.5 points, mean KOOS pain started from 51.9 to 80.4 points, mean KOOS activities of daily living started from 62.1 to 85.3 points, mean KOOS symptoms started from 53.1 to 79 points, mean KOOS sports started from 38.7 to 74.8 points, mean KOOS quality of life started from 43.3 to 73.7 points. The mean IKDC score improved by 27.7 ± 15.7 points. All these scores have been significantly improved (p < 0.05). MRI assessments confirmed the successful integration of repair tissue with a mean MOCART 2.0 score of 80.5 ± 12.5 points.

Conclusion

The minced autograft cartilage technique with PRP provides favourable early clinical and radiological outcomes for limited chondral defects in the knee. This method offers a single‐procedure approach with minimal grafting requirements and does not necessitate a laboratory or specialized personnel, unlike other techniques.

Level of Evidence

Level III retrospective multicentric study.
Comparison of coronal and sagittal alignment in patients without osteoarthritis but with knee complaints
Authors: Handa Mikiko , Takahashi Tsuneari , Saitsu Akihiro , Iguchi Masaki , Takeshita Katsushi
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aimed to clarify lower limb alignment characteristics and the relationship between coronal and sagittal lower limb alignment in Japanese patients with knee complaints but without knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Methods

This retrospective study included 200 knees from Japanese patients with knee complaints but without KOA aged 60 years and under presenting with knee complaints between May 2020 and May 2023. We assessed coronal parameters, including mechanical hip knee angle (mHKA), arithmetic HKA (aHKA) mechanical lateral distal femoral angle and medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), and sagittal parameters, such as medial posterior tibial slope (MPTS) and lateral posterior tibial slope (LPTS). In addition, we compared differences between CPAK types.

Results

A weak positive correlation was found between mHKA and MPTS, but not with aHKA. Moderate negative and moderate positive correlations were found between mHKA and MPTA and between medial and LPTS, respectively.

Conclusions

Little correlation was found between the coronal and sagittal parameters in patients with knee complaints but without KOA.

Level of Evidence

Level Ⅲ.
Anterolateral corner of knee: Current concepts
Authors: Meena Amit , Attri Manish , Farinelli Luca , Campos Vicente , Rajpal Karan , D'Ambrosi Riccardo , Malik Shahbaz , de Sa Darren , Fink Christian , Tapasvi Sachin
Published: February 2025

The anatomy of the antero‐lateral corner (ALC) has been the topic of recent interest, as evidenced by the increasing number of publications. Knowledge needs to be improved amongst clinicians regarding the anatomy and biomechanical function of this vital structure and its implications on the rotational stability of the knee. There has yet to be a consensus on the role of surgical procedures and their indications for addressing the instability associated with the injury to these structures. Through this article, the authors have tried to outline the existing literature regarding Anterolateral knee instability, the associated structures, and the management of its injuries, emphasising the role of the anterolateral capsule and reconstructive procedures in combined ligamentous knee injuries.
Elevated Blood Hemoglobin in Different Cavefish Populations Evolves Through Diverse Hemoglobin Gene Expression Patterns
Authors: Boggs Tyler E. , Gross Joshua B.
Published: February 2025

Cave‐dwelling animals thrive in isolated caves despite the pressures of darkness, starvation, and reduced oxygen. Prior work revealed that Astyanax cave‐dwelling morphs derived from different cave localities express significantly higher levels of blood hemoglobin compared to surface‐dwelling fish. Interestingly, this elevation is maintained in different populations of cavefish, despite captive rearing in normal oxygen conditions. We capitalized on the consistent response of elevated hemoglobin in captive cavefish, which were derived from geographically distinct regions, to determine if this elevation is underpinned by expression of the same Hb genes. Blood hemoglobin proteins are encoded by a large family of hemoglobin (Hb) gene family members, which demonstrate coordinated expression patterns, subject to various organismal (e.g., period of life history) and environmental influences (e.g., oxygen availability). Surprisingly, we found that geographically distinct populations showed mostly divergent patterns of Hb gene expression. Cavefish from two cave localities, Pachón and Tinaja, have a more recent shared origin, and show more similar Hb expression patterns as adults. However, during embryonic phases, Pachón and Tinaja show significant variability in timing of peak expression of Hb family members. In sum, the transcriptomic underpinnings of Hb gene expression represents a complex composite of shared and divergent expression patterns across three captive cavefish populations. We conclude that these differential patterns are likely influenced by life history, and the unique cave conditions in which these animals evolved.
Elevation in white blood cell count after corticosteroid use in noninfected hospitalized patients
Authors: Sullivan Erin , Schulte Rebecca , Rothberg Michael B.
Published: February 2025

Background

It is widely accepted that corticosteroids cause leukocytosis. Clinicians must decide whether a rise in white blood cell (WBC) count is due to steroids versus other processes like developing infection.

Objective

The objective of this study is to measure the increase in white blood cell count after corticosteroid administration in hospitalized patients without malignancy, infection, or immune dysfunction.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study from 2017 to 2018 in a single large healthcare system. We analyzed the trajectory of WBC count stratified by steroid dose. The study included nonsurgical patients admitted with at least two complete blood count measurements. Patients were excluded if they had immunosuppression, infection, malignancy, or steroid use within 2 weeks before admission. The main outcome was mean WBC count by day following corticosteroid administration.

Results

Our sample included 28,425 patients with at least two WBC measurements, 1608 (5.7%) of which received steroids. WBC response peaked at 48 h after steroid administration with a mean increase of 2.4 × 109/L WBCs. In all patients on steroids, across doses, the mean increase was 0.3 × 109/L WBCs, 1.7 × 109/L WBCs, and 4.84 × 109/L WBCs in low, medium, and high dose groups, respectively. For patients not on steroids, the mean WBC count decreased during hospitalization.

Conclusions

When interpreting WBC counts after initiating steroids, increases of up to 4.84 × 109/L cells may be seen within 48 h after high‐dose steroids. Larger increases, and any increase after low‐dose steroids, suggest other causes of leukocytosis.
突然発症の吸気性喘鳴を主訴に救急搬送され緊急気道確保を要した多系統萎縮症の1例(A case of multiple system atrophy with sudden onset stridor requiring emergency airway management)
Authors: 晴香 西田 , 正樹 戸村 , 拓世 千葉 , 弘之 村井 , 隆 志賀
Published: February 2025

我々は，吸気性喘鳴を発症し緊急気道確保を要した多系統萎縮症（multiple system atrophy: MSA）の1例を経験した。症例は65歳の女性。1年前から歩行障害を認め，神経変性疾患の疑いで脳神経内科に通院していた。歩行中に突然吸気性喘鳴を発症し，救急搬送された。到着時のSpO2 100%（酸素10L/分リザーバーマスク），呼吸数 32/分。努力様呼吸で，聴診せずとも吸気性喘鳴が聴取された。喉頭鏡検査で両側声帯の副正中位固定を認め，緊急気管挿管を実施した。身体所見から神経変性疾患による声帯外転障害を疑い，第3病日に気管切開を行った。第4病日に人工呼吸器を離脱した。精査の結果，第10病日にClinically established MSA–Pと診断した。MSAは，病状進行期に声帯外転障害を合併し，突然死の原因となることが知られている。本症例では，声帯外転障害による気道緊急には気管挿管で対応し，声帯外転障害の不可逆性には気管切開を実施した。吸気性喘鳴はMSAに特徴的な症状であり，神経変性疾患の中では稀である。MSAの初発症状が吸気性喘鳴だったとする例も報告されており，吸気性喘鳴がMSAの診断の手がかりとなる可能性が高い。臨床医は，原因不明の吸気性喘鳴に遭遇した際には，MSAを鑑別疾患に含めることが重要である。

西田晴香と戸村正樹は筆頭著者として同等の貢献をした。
A Meta‐Analysis of the Effectiveness of Individual Career Counseling on Career and Mental Health Outcomes
Authors: Milot‐Lapointe Francis , Arifoulline Nicole
Published: February 2025

This article reports on the results of the first meta‐analysis on the effectiveness of individual career counseling. This random‐effects meta‐analysis included 35 independent samples that produced a weighted mean effect size of g = 0.82 for career outcomes and g = 0.68 for mental health outcomes. These effect sizes were heterogeneous across samples. Categorical meta‐regressions indicated that five intervention components significantly predicted career counseling effects on career or mental health outcomes. These five components are psychoeducation concerning the decision process, cognitive restructuring, written exercises (occupational analyses), individualized feedback on career choice, and attention to decreasing potential obstacles. Our results suggest that individual career counseling can be a valuable mental health intervention when clients’ mental health difficulties are intertwined with career concerns. They also highlight the importance that individual career counseling incorporates the five critical intervention components identified in this study to foster positive career or mental health outcomes.
Presence of nonimpacted third molars affect the response of neighboring teeth to nonsurgical periodontal therapy
Authors: Gao Rui , Sun Li‐Juan , Zhang Xi‐Yu , Qu Hong‐Lei , Tian Yi , He Xiao‐Tao , Li Xuan , Tian Bei‐Min , Chen Fa‐Ming , Wu Rui‐Xin
Published: February 2025

Background

This study focused on whether the effectiveness of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on second molars (M2s) varies with the status of adjacent nonimpacted third molars (N‐M3s).

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, 776 regions from 268 patients were evaluated. Based on the adjacent N‐M3 status, quadrants with M2s were categorized into three groups: N‐M3 group (present N‐M3), A‐M3 group (absent M3), and R‐M3 group (removed N‐M3). The probing depth reduction (ΔPD) and the percentage of reversed deep pockets (PD5+ [probing depth ≥5 mm] turned to PD5−) after NSPT were analyzed among the three groups. The Wilcoxon nonparametric test was employed to compare the N‐M3 group with the A‐M3 group, with a mixed‐effect model utilized to adjust for confounding factors. Further, the R‐M3 group and the matched N‐M3 group were compared using the Wilcoxon nonparametric test.

Results

After isolating confounding factors (M2 baseline gingival recession, tooth mobility, sex, and follow‐up interval), the ΔPD of M2s was significantly lower in the N‐M3 group (0.93 ± 1.25 mm) compared with the A‐M3 group (1.09 ± 1.30 mm, p < 0.001). Moreover, the percentage of reversed deep pockets in the N‐M3 group (35.56%) was lower than in the A‐M3 group (42.98%, p<0.001). Similarly, compared with the N‐M3 group, M2s in the R‐M3 group manifested better outcomes in terms of periodontal indices.

Conclusion

Retained N‐M3s may hamper the outcome of NSPT on adjacent M2s. Additionally, the removal of N‐M3 is associated with an enhanced response of M2s to NSPT.

Plain language summary

The second molar is crucial for chewing, but it is often lost due to periodontitis. Periodontal treatment for the second molar is not always effective, and many factors contribute to this. One factor that has gained attention is the impact of a nonimpacted third molar on the periodontal health of the adjacent second molar. In this study, we examined how the presence of a nonimpacted third molar affects the outcome of nonsurgical periodontal therapy for the second molar. We analyzed 776 second molars from 268 patients. The results showed that when the nonimpacted third molar was absent or removed during periodontal therapy, the second molar's condition improved more than when the nonimpacted third molar was present. The data indicated that even with nonsurgical periodontal treatment, the periodontitis of the second molar could not be effectively controlled if an adjacent nonimpacted third molar was present. Therefore, the negative impact of the nonimpacted third molar should be considered to prevent the loss of the second molar.
Wheat Growth, Yield and Metal Uptake From a Cadmium and Lead Contaminated Soil Following Pressmud and Phosphate Fertilizer Application
Authors: Haider Basit , Imran Muhammad , Ashraf Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Background

The use of wastewater for crop irrigation may introduce toxic metals into soils, leading to the contamination of food crops. This may result in reduced crop productivity and food adulteration.

Aims

This study aimed to characterize pressmud (PM) and to evaluate the effect of PM and single super phosphate (SSP) on wheat yield and the associated health risks of consuming wheat grains grown on metal‐contaminated soil.

Methodology

Eight PM samples, collected from different sugar industries, were characterized. Subsequently, a pot experiment was conducted on a metal‐contaminated soil to evaluate the effect of PM (control, 10 and 20 g kg−1 soil) and SSP (0 and 250 mg kg−1 soil) on wheat growth, yield, metal concentration in grains, and health risk index.

Results

The mean values of the various parameters of the PM samples were as follows: electrical conductivity 4.81 dS m−1, pH 5.74, cation exchange capacity 66 meq 100 g−1, nitrogen 1.53%, phosphorus 1.26%, potassium 0.72%, organic carbon 36.04%, lead (Pb) 1.32 mg kg−1, cadmium (Cd) 8 µg kg−1, surface area 7.925 m2 g−1, total pore volume 0.0219 cm3 g−1 and pore diameter 27.33 nm. FTIR revealed the presence of various functional groups that might play a role in metal adsorption within the soil. Results from the pot experiment showed that PM increased the grain yield by 131% compared to control; however, it was at par with the SSP treatment. The increase in grain yield in PM amended soil was linked to improved nutrient acquisition and decreased metal accumulation. PM ‐amended soil had higher concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compared to unamended soil, resulting in 2.96‐, 1.85‐ and 2.42‐fold higher grain contents, respectively. Moreover, PM decreased the accumulation of Cd and Pb in grains by 48% and 56%, respectively, compared to control, whereas the effect of SSP was nonsignificant. Health risk indices for consuming Cd‐ and Pb‐contaminated grains were 1.18 and 6.48, respectively; however, the addition of PM decreased these values to 0.53 and 3.48.

Conclusions

PM improves wheat productivity and reduces health risks for humans associated with the consumption of wheat grains grown on the metal‐contaminated soil.
Influence of rhamnolipids, anionic surfactants, and Al2O3 nanoparticles on the viscosity of distilled water‐based fluids: A comparative experimental study
Authors: Kadam Hemantkumar H. , Pise Ashok T.
Published: February 2025

This experimental study examines the effect of different surfactants—sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and bio‐surfactant rhamnolipids (RHL)—on the viscosity of distilled water (DW) with varying concentrations of aluminium oxide (Al2O₃) nanoparticles (NPs). Al2O₃ NPs were used in concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.5 wt%, while surfactant concentrations ranged from 2000 to 4000 ppm for SDS and SLS and from 200 to 600 ppm for RHL. Viscometric experiments revealed that the type and concentration of surfactants, along with the NP loading, influenced the viscosity of nanofluids (NFs). NFs without surfactant exhibited consistently higher viscosities compared with DW with surfactant alone. At 0.5 wt% Al2O3, NF viscosity was 17% higher than SDS and RHL and 9% higher than SLS. Interestingly, in DW with both surfactant and NPs, viscosity initially decreased with increasing Al2O3 concentration, followed by a rapid increase after 0.1 wt%. These results offer insights into the interaction between surfactants and NPs, relevant for industries requiring precise viscosity control, such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and environmental applications.
Porcine in vitro digestion and matrix structure of undigested residue of xylanase‐ and cellulase‐supplemented maize and wheat
Authors: Njeru Harriet K. , Knudsen Knud E. Bach , Stobbs Jarvis A. , Tu Kaiyang , Woyengo Tofuko A.
Published: February 2025

Background

This study investigated the effects of supplementing maize and wheat with a combination of xylanase and cellulase on porcine in vitro digestibility, nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) solubilization, and matrix structure. The latter was assessed using synchrotron‐based micro‐computed tomography (SR‐μCT) and Fourier transform mid‐infrared (FTMIR) spectroscopy after porcine in vitro degradation. Cereal grains were subjected to porcine in vitro digestion with or without enzyme supplementation (20 000 U kg−1 of each enzyme) in a 2 × 2 factorial design.

Results

In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDDM) was lower for maize than for wheat (P < 0.05), and enzyme supplementation had no effect on IVDDM. Supplemental enzymes reduced arabinoxylan content in the undigested residue of wheat (53 vs 46 g kg−1, P < 0.05) but not maize (42 vs 44 g kg⁻¹; P > 0.05). Synchrotron‐based micro‐computed tomography imaging revealed aleurone cells with intact content in the undigested residue of both maize and wheat, regardless of enzyme supplementation. Some endosperm cells in undigested maize residue retained their content, whereas nearly all endosperm cells in undigested enzyme‐unsupplemented wheat residue were empty. No endosperm cells were detected in undigested enzyme‐supplemented wheat residue. Fourier transform mid‐infrared imaging indicated a higher presence of phenolic compounds in maize cell walls than in wheat.

Conclusion

Supplemental enzymes did not affect IVDDM for wheat, as they primarily degraded endosperm cell walls, the content of which was already released by pepsin and pancreatin digestion. Similarly, IVDDM for maize remained unaffected, which was probably due to the high phenolic content of its cell walls. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Impact of the Burnout Symptoms of Flight Attendants on Absenteeism and Turnover Intention: The Moderating Role of Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Ju Hayeon , Hyun Sunghyup Sean
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the mediating role of absenteeism on the relationship between burnout and turnover intention, and the moderated mediating role of emotional intelligence on the relationship between burnout and absenteeism among Korean flight attendants, utilizing a structural equation modeling approach. Empirical data were collected from 183 flight attendants with over 1 year of experience in the airline industry. Initial responses were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, revealing that burnout symptoms are driven by four factors: physical, emotional, socio‐relational, and attitudinal. Subsequent data analysis indicated that all four factors significantly impact absenteeism and turnover intentions. Furthermore, emotional intelligence was found to play a significant moderating role in the relationship between burnout symptoms and absenteeism. As burnout symptoms increase, absenteeism levels rise, leading to higher turnover intentions. Finally, absenteeism was found to lead to turnover intentions. Possible interpretations and managerial implications are discussed.
Duplex Ultrasound in Evaluating Transplanted Renal Artery In‐Stent Restenosis
Authors: Pan Fu‐shun , Yang Dao‐peng , Deng Rong‐hai
Published: February 2025

Objective

To evaluate the diagnosis performance of duplex ultrasound (DUS) in predicting transplanted renal artery (TRA) in‐stent restenosis (ISR).

Methods

In this retrospective study, 112 consecutive patients underwent stenting due to TRA stenosis. DUS were performed within 1 week after stenting for baseline value, and after ≥3 months follow‐up for surveillance of ISR. The DUS measurements included peak systolic velocity (PSV) and PSV ratio of renal artery stent to iliac artery (RIR). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to evaluate the diagnosis performance of DUS parameters in predicting ISR.

Results

There were 69 patients (28 men; age, 38.3 ± 15.1 years) who obtained 92 adequate paired DUS and CTA after stenting, which were classified as ISR group (26 TRAs) and non‐ISR group (66 TRAs). There was no difference between the two groups for baseline DUS features, including PSVB and RIRB. The late DUS features including stent PSVL (475.5 vs 261.9 cm/s), RIRL (4.10 vs 2.18), and stent PSVL/PSVB (2.72 vs 1.14) were significantly higher in the ISR group than the non‐ISR group (all P < .0001). Stent PSVL, RIRL, and PSVL/PSVB demonstrated comparable AUCs in predicting ISR. However, the sensitivity and specificity of PSVL/PSVB in predicting ISR were 92.3 and 93.5%, respectively, demonstrating higher specificity with equivalent sensitivity than PSVL and higher sensitivity with equivalent specificity than RIRL.

Conclusions

DUS is an accurate technique to identify TRA‐ISR. We suggest all patients should undergo DUS immediately after stenting to establish baseline value and aid in evaluating ISR at late follow‐up.
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rehabilitation: Decades of change
Authors: van Melick Nicky , Senorski Eric Hamrin , Królikowska Aleksandra , Prill Robert
Published: February 2025

Current anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) rehabilitation practice guidelines lack updates in key areas: open kinetic chain (OKC) quadriceps strengthening, neurocognitive training and psychological interventions. Recent research shows that OKC exercises, when combined with closed kinetic chain exercises, improve strength without compromising graft integrity, though careful monitoring for knee pain and effusion is essential. Neurocognitive training, targeting reaction times, visual attention and dual‐tasking, is promising for reducing reinjury risk but remains underutilized. Similarly, psychological responses, often assessed via patient‐reported outcomes, are a critical part of the recovery process after ACLR, but how to address these responses for the individual patient remains unclear, emphasizing the need for individualized support. The European Society for Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery, and Arthroscopy (ESSKA) is developing an ACL rehabilitation consensus to integrate these insights into actionable, evidence‐based guidelines, ensuring tailored, patient‐centered care that optimizes recovery and reduces reinjury risks.

Level of Evidence

Level V.
The learning health system imperative in low‐resource contexts
Authors: Lewicki Patrick , Swarray‐Deen Alim , Moyer Cheryl A.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Learning health system (LHS) development has been described in the highest resource settings, which could suggest that resources are a precondition to LHS formation.

Method

We reviewed literature surrounding LHSs in low‐resource contexts and used this to inform an argument that LHS activity is critically important in these circumstances.

Results

We focus on three key points. First, when resources are scarce, they should not be squandered. Second, local knowledge artifacts have advantages. Finally, LHS emphasis on lasting sociotechnical infrastructure addresses sustainability concerns.

Conclusion

We believe LHS formation and activity is more important in low‐resource contexts than in their higher resource counterparts. Less path dependence in many low‐resource contexts forecasts that LHSs may see their greatest success there.
Decidable quasivarieties of p‐algebras
Authors: Kowalski Tomasz , Słomczyńska Katarzyna
Published: February 2025

We show that for quasivarieties of p‐algebras the properties of (i) having decidable first‐order theory and (ii) having decidable first‐order theory of the finite members, coincide. The only two quasivarieties with these properties are the trivial variety and the variety of Boolean algebras. This contrasts sharply, even for varieties, with the situation in Heyting algebras where decidable varieties do not coincide with finitely decidable ones.
Graphene Applications in Composites, Energy, and Water Treatment
Authors: Saeed Maryam A. , Abdelkader Amor , Alshammari Yousef , Valles Cristina , Alkandary Abdullah
Published: February 2025

Graphene, the 2D material and the basic building block of the sp2 carbon family has received enormous attention from research and industrial communities due to its remarkable properties. Graphene's potential to be implemented is limitless and it varies from medical, water, energy, composites sectors, etc. In this paper, graphene potential in composites, energy storage, and water purification are highlighted. Reviewing, in particular, the crucial role of graphene/polymer interface in improving the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites and the effect of constitutive parameters such as graphene lateral size and surface chemistry. Moreover, the latest contributions of graphene and graphene derivatives in functional composites, such as sensors, actuators, hydrogels, and aerogels, are reviewed. This is followed by reviewing graphene and its derivatives for energy storage such as in lithium‐ion batteries, metal–air batteries, and graphene‐based supercapacitors. Finally, reporting the latest advances in graphene for water treatment, reviewing the different filtration/treatment methods, and the importance of graphene selective permeability properties.
Improving the Encapsulation of Ferritin‐Like Nanoparticles Within Polymeric Nanofibers Using a New Electrospinning Set‐Up and Its Effect Upon Iron Release Properties
Authors: Anderson Lewis R. , Hancox Charlotte C. , Collinson Simon R. , Rietdorf Katja , Taylor Peter G. , Chatterton Nicholas P.
Published: February 2025

Encapsulation of nanoparticles (NPs) in polymeric nanofibers is an effective way of controlling physicochemical properties such as stability and integrity. In this study, bioavailable ferritin‐like NPs, previously demonstrated to be an effective treatment for iron deficiency anemia (IDA), are encapsulated successfully in the pH‐sensitive polymer Eudragit L100 through modification of the electrospinning configuration and reversal of the conventional input voltage. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of these nanofibers show IHAT NPs are enveloped more effectively than in equivalent materials produced by conventional electrospinning. These modifications lead to a significant reduction in the burst release of iron during the first 30 min of dissolution testing at pH 1.0 due to the enhanced encapsulation, potentially reducing the degradation of these NPs in gastric fluids and thereby increasing bioavailability. The materials are also characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis (STA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Kinetic analysis of the dissolution data showed that the better encapsulated NP formulations reduced burst release of iron. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and TEM measurements of the NPs released from the materials suggest that they are unmodified during the formulation process. The modified electrospinning configuration requires significantly lower energy input than conventional electrospinning.
sp2 Carbon‐Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks (sp2c‐COFs): Synthesis and Application in Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Peng Shiqiong , Wang Renjie , Yang Yao , Wang Shuyan , Liang En , Han Bing , Li Junbo , Yu Xianglin , Zhang Qichun
Published: February 2025

Preparation of irreversible sp2 carbon‐conjugated covalent organic frameworks (sp2c‐COFs) with specific porosity, easy structural functionalization, high chemical stability, and unique π‐electron conjugation structure (especially the combination of π–π stacking interactions and conjugation system), can remove the barrier of electron transfer and provide a unique advantage for photocatalytic water splitting. Herein, based on three kinds of reactions (Aldol condensation reaction, Knoevenagel condensation reaction, and Horner‐Wadsworth‐Emmons reaction) and guided by the precise modulation of ligand structure and topology, this review summarizes the synthesis of sp2c‐COFs and their applications in photoelectrocatalytic water splitting (hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions). Furthermore, challenges and possible research directions for sp2c‐COFs in photocatalytic water splitting are also provided.
COF‐Derived Carbon Materials: Synthesis Strategies and Emerging Applications
Authors: Wang Wenjia , Khan Haroon , Wu Hongwei , Wang Yi
Published: February 2025

Covalent organic framework (COF)‐derived carbon materials seamlessly inherit the periodic porous architecture and high specific surface area of their precursors, while simultaneously enabling the confinement of nanoparticles in designated regions. This unique feature mitigates agglomeration, enhances intrinsic properties, and imparts novel functionalities to the resulting materials. Consequently, COF‐derived carbon materials have garnered significant attention across diverse fields, including energy, environmental remediation, and biomedical applications. Despite this burgeoning interest, a comprehensive review encompassing the synthesis, classification, and multifaceted applications of these materials remains scarce. In this context, the state‐of‐the‐art advancements in COF‐derived carbon materials are reviewed systematically here. It categorizes the materials, delineates their primary synthesis strategies, and highlights their versatile applications in catalysis, electrochemical energy storage, water treatment, sensing, and cancer therapy. Lastly, fresh insights into the challenges and future prospects of COF‐derived carbon materials, paving the way for their expanded exploration and utilization are offered here.
Synthesis of Degradable Mainchain Semifluorinated Polyester by CuAAC with Reaction‐Enhanced Reactivity of Intermediate (RERI) Mechanism
Authors: Wu Jiasheng , Li Zheqi , Zhou Zhuo , Yin Xiuzhe , Hou Wangmeng , Shi Yi , Chen Yongming
Published: February 2025

Quantitative insertion of functionality into polymer chains via step‐growth polymerization is challenging due to the random bimolecular reaction and relatively low extent of reaction. Herein, a copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) step‐growth polymerization with reaction‐enhanced reactivity of intermediates (RERI) mechanism is applied for the precise insertion of degradable functions into the mainchain semifluorinated polymer and endowed it with controlled degradability. In this CuAAC polymerization, bis‐alkynyl‐terminated (A2) monomer can be quantitatively consumed when the slightly excess of 2,2‐bis(azidomethyl)propane‐1,3‐diyl bis(2‐methylpropanoate) (BiAz, B2) monomer with RERI effect is employed. The CuAAC copolymerization of o‐nitrobenzyl ester‐derived A2 (A2‐ONB), fluorinated A2 (A2‐F), and B2 monomers produced the mainchain semifluorinated copolymers with tunable chemical composition and high molecular weight, along with the random and quantitative insertion of [A2‐ONB] units. These mainchain semifluorinated copolymers are capable of controlled degradation profile under ultraviolet radiation and can undergo complete degradation under basic condition. This work provided a simple approach for preparing mainchain semifluorinated polymers with controlled degradability.