bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS DAN PENGEMBANGAN INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN PPKN DI SMP, SMA DAN PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Suwardi Suwardi
Published: December 2022

The reasoning and problem solving model in learning has five learning steps, namely: (1) reading and thinking (identifying facts and problems, visualizing situations, describing solution settings, (2) exploring and planning (organizing information, drawing solution diagrams, making tables, graphs, or figures), (3) selecting strategies (setting patterns, testing patterns, simulations or experiments, reduction or expansion, logical deduction, writing equations), (4) finding answers (estimating, using computational, algebraic, and geometry), (5) reflection and expansion (correcting answers, finding other alternative solutions, expanding concepts and generalizations, discussing solutions, formulating original varied problems) The developing social system is the lack of the teacher's role as a transmitter of knowledge, democratic, teacher and students have the same status, namely facing problems, interactions are based on problems deal. The reaction principle developed is that the teacher acts more as a counselor, consultant, source of constructive criticism, facilitator, high-level thinker. This role is shown mainly in the process of students carrying out problem solving activities. The learning tools needed are in the form of confrontational material that is able to generate basic, critical, creative thinking processes, higher-order thinking, and non-routine problem solving strategies, and non-routine problems that challenge students to make reasoning and problem solving efforts. As the impact of learning in this model is understanding, critical and creative thinking skills, problem solving skills, communication skills, skills to use knowledge meaningfully. While the accompanying impact is the tentative nature of the scientist, scientific process skills, autonomy and freedom of students and students, tolerance for uncertainty and non-routine problems.Keywords: Innovation, Learning, Civics, Junior High School, Senior High School, Higher Education.
SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS (SMA) NEGERI 10 KERINCI : DARI SMU RABIAH BULAN HINGGA SMAN 10 KERINCI (2003-2021)
Authors: Najmi Najmi , Anisa Fitri Dian
Published: December 2022

This article describes the development of an educational institution, namely SMA Negeri 10 Kerinci, previously known as SMU Rabiah Bulan. The research method used is the historical method through library research, archives and field studies to obtain data, then source criticism, namely internal and external criticism, is carried out in order to classify the data that has been obtained and then interpret it for historiography preparation. The findings of the article show that SMA Negeri 10 Kerinci is a high school that has rapid development and is able to compete with high schools that have been established previously. Established in 2003 under the auspices of the Putri Rabiah Bulan Foundation with an operational permit from the Kerinci District Education Office on September 15, 2003. It officially became a public school with a decree from the Regent of Kerinci dated February 28, 2005. It became SMA Negeri 2 Gunung Raya. Based on the Decree of the Regent of Kerinci dated July 27, 2010, the School Nomenclature was changed to SMA Negeri 10 Kerinci.Keywords:Development, Institution, School
PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM MENYUSUN RPP MELALUI KEGIATAN IHT (IN HOUSE TRAINING)
Authors: Harti Hasyuni
Published: December 2022

This study aims to: 1) To find out the steps for implementing IHT activities in preparing RPP to improve teacher professional competence for teachers at SMPN 15 Padang in carrying out learning. 2) To find out the improvement of teacher competence at SMPN 15 Padang in Developing Learning Implementation Plans through IHT activities. The subjects of this study were all teachers of SMPN 15 Padang. This research is School Action Research (PTS) which consists of two cycles, each cycle includes the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The data analysis technique used is comparative descriptive. From the results of the study it can be concluded that: 1) The steps for implementing IHT in order to improve the professional competence of teachers in preparing lesson plans at SMPN 15 Padang are as follows: (a) Delivering announcements to teachers about the implementation of IHT activities regarding the preparation of lesson plans; (b) Prepare guidance materials in the form of implementation of learning accompanied by simulations; (c) Preparing IHT instruments; (d) Carry out IHT activities without interfering with learning activities; and e) Carrying out observations in the classroom when learning activities are carried out by the teacher; and 2) IHT can improve the professional competence of SMPN 15 Padang teachers in preparing lesson plans. This is indicated by the increasing professional competence of teachers both in the preparation and implementation stages. This is indicated by the increase in competency achievement from 69.58 in the initial condition, to 72.81 at the end of Cycle 1 action, and increased to 83.13 in Cycle II action.Keywords: Competence, Teacher, RPP, In House Training.
HLA antigen and HLA eplet mismatches - important factors for developing donor-specific antibodies after kidney transplantation
Authors: Jukic Lucija , Burek Kamenaric Marija
Published: December 2022

Kidney donor-recipient mismatches (MM) in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system can have the impact on graft survival as de novo formation of donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA) post-transplant can increase the risk of acute and chronic rejections. Eplets, the smallest functional units of epitopes, are in recent years also being considered in recipient-donor matching. We have retrospectively analysed the relationship between MM at HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 and -DQB1 loci and the development of DSA in 47 kidney transplant recipients that were negative for the presence of HLA antibodies pre-transplant. A total of 19 patients (40%) developed DSA (DSA+) post-transplant, revealing sensitization to HLA class II MM antigens as the most prevalent (84% of DSA+ patients). MM at all HLA loci contributed to the development of HLA locus-specific antibodies, with the prevalence of HLA-DQ sensitization, as 41% of recipients with HLA-DQ MM developed DSA. HLAMatchmaker analysis for HLA-DR/DQ total eplet MM showed statistically significant difference between DSA- (N=33) and DSA+ recipients (N=14) for a total number of eplet MM (300 in DSA- vs 248 in DSA+; P=0.0004). These results emphasize the importance of HLA Class II matching in kidney transplantation.
Problems and Prospects for Investments in the Coal Industry of the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Kapakov B.
Published: December 2022

This study is devoted to the development of investments in the coal industry in the Kyrgyz Republic as an economic environment for the growth of the potential of the country’s coal industry. The purpose of this study is to examine the coal market in Kyrgyzstan, as well as consideration of the main trends in the coal industry and the qualitative characteristics of the industry. In accordance with the purpose of the paper, it attempts to give an analysis of the current state of the coal industry in Kyrgyzstan, to analyze the change in the qualitative characteristics of the industry in recent years. It also considers the main priorities of the state policy with regard to the coal industry at the present stage, such as: increasing the role of coal in the power industry; building up the export potential of the coal industry; increasing the efficiency of rail transport of coal; and ensuring a favorable investment climate. The coal mining industry in the Kyrgyz Republic is a big economic sector as coal is the primary fuel for electricity generation and the cheapest and most sufficient source of energy. This paper provides an overview of coal reserves in the Kyrgyz Republic and an analysis of the coal industry’s systematic data with respect to the number of companies, their total production and productivity. It discusses the issues of investment in the coal industry regarding its future, including creation of an investment-favorable climate, financial support for the coal industry of the republic.
Availability of Hydropressor Systems
Authors: Aleixo Sandra , Enguiça Ricardo , Lopes Sérgio , Pinto Iola , Matias Pedro , Fernandez-Suarez Lucía
Published: December 2022

Hydropressor systems are of paramount importance in keeping water supplies running properly. A typical such device consists of two (or more) identical electropumps operating alternately, so as to avoid downtime as much as possible. A first challenge was, considering a dual pump configuration, to identify the ideal usage proportion of each pump (from 0%-100%, meaning interchange only upon failure, to 50%-50%, where each pump works half the time) in order to improve availability, accounting solely for corrective maintenance. A second challenge, related to the first one, consisted of improving the availability of a single pump under the hazard of failure in three different ways (with their own occurrence frequencies), while accounting also for preventive maintenance. Each challenge was tackled through Monte-Carlo simulation and the models were implemented with the Python programming language. The results seem to indicate that significant improvements to standard industry practice can be made.
Selvstendige helsefagarbeidere i morgendagens helsetjeneste
Authors: Martinsen Watz Siw
Published: December 2022

Work in home nursing care is characterised by individual work and time limits and requires an independent professional. This article investigates how apprentices in the health care profession in Norway develop independence during their apprenticeship period in home nursing care. The study addresses the apprentices’ perspective on their own development in the encounter with the field of practice and the patient living at home. The research question the article answers is: How do health care apprentices experience the development of independent professional practices during the apprenticeship period in home nursing care? 12 apprentices and newly qualified health care professionals were interviewed individually, with a semi-structured interview guide as a starting point. The results show that health care apprentices encounter a working day in home nursing care where the individual apprentice’s independence is both a prerequisite for the work, and a consequence of high workload. The development of independence at work can be linked to the apprentices’ participation in practice, gradual and adapted responsibility and to guidance and reflection in a community of practice. The study claims that development takes place in interaction with the supervisor, other colleagues and patients. When apprentices are given tasks adapted to their level of competence, they experience control and develop independence.
Uji Farmakognostik dan Identidikasi Senyawa Pada Beberapa Tingkatan Fraksi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Lengkuas (Alpinia Galanga)
Authors: Saubari Yanti , Nastiti Kunti , Mambang Mambang
Published: December 2022

ABSTRAK

 

Latar Belakang: Daun Lengkuas (Alpinia Galanga) merupakan tumbuhan yang banyak tumbuh di Indonesia. Tumbuhan ini digunakan sebagai pembersih luka sehabis melahirkan, air mandi bagi penderita rematik, dan sebagai stimulasia.

Tujuan: Mengetahui tentang hasil Uji Farmakognostik dan Identifikasi Senyawa Pada Beberapa Fraksi Ektrak Etanol Daun Lengkuas (Alpinia Galanga)

Metode: proses ekstraksinya menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70% dilakukan selama 3 x 24 jam, di uapkan dengan rotary vacuum evaporatour sampai ekstrak kental kemudian difraksinasi dengan pelarut yang berbeda dan dideteksi senyawa metabolt sekunder denga metode uji warna dan KLT

Hasil: Uji makroskopis meliputi warna dau hijau licin dengan panjang 40cm, lebar 8cm, tepi rata, ujung runcing, pangkal daun tumpul, pertulangan meyirip. Uji mikroskopis yaitu adanya epidermis, parenkim, dan stomata. Hasil Parameter fisiko-kimia susut pengeringan yaitu 0,23%, Sari pelarut dengan pelarut tertentu larut air dan larut etanol yaitu 0,405% dan 0,395%. Hasil skrining fitokimia senyawa yang didapat pada fraksi n-hrksan, fraksi etil asetat, dan fraksi metanol yaitu steroid, tanin, fenolik, terpanoid, alkaloid, saponin, dan flavanoid. Hasil KLT fraksi n-heksan dengan fase gerak metanol:ammonium (5:0,25) dengan peyemprotan dragenroff warna merah bata (alkaloid).

Simpulan: pengujian farmakognostik memenuhi persyaratan dan ekstrak Daun Lengkuas (Alpinia Galanga)
Current Medicine for Allergy, Toxic Reaction, And Disease Caused by Arthropods
Authors: Trasia Reqgi First
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background: The presence of erusism and lepidopterism cases in Indonesia is influenced by butterfly species, regional conditions and community habits as farmers or garden workers. In addition, the population of house dust mites depends on several factors that are still being studied. Parasitological reviews of current treatments for insect disease are still poorly understood.

Purpose: This article aims to review current treatments for allergies, toxic reactions, and insect-borne diseases.

Methods: Recent literature search, obtained 11 relevant articles for review.

Results: Local treatment due to contact with insects can be given a solution of iodine, corticosteroids and antihistamines. In severe cases, the drug can be given orally or parenterally.

Conclusion: Based on the results of the review, it can be concluded that to treat airway attacks due to mite allergy, bronchodilators and corticosteroids can be given.
Identifikasi Kadar Formalin Pada Tahu Mentah Yang Dijual Di Pasar Tradisional Kota Banjarmasin
Authors: Sari Adinda Novita , Rahmadani Rahmadani , Hidayah Nur
Published: December 2022

Latar Belakang: Tahu merupakan makanan populer dan sering dikonsumsi disemua kalangan masyarakat. Namun masih ada beberapa pedagang tahu yang nakal menggunakan formalin sebagai pengawet, padahal penggunaan formalin dilarang dan bisa berakibat buruk pada kesehatan baik jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Efek jangka pendek yang ditimbulkan seperti mual, muntah, dan diare, sedangkan efek jangka panjang yang ditimbulkan seperti kanker.

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui apakah kadar kandungan formalin pada tahu mentah yang dijual di pasar tradisional Kota Banjarmasin melebihi ketetapan dan mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh lokasi pengambilan sampel terhadap kadar formalin pada tahu mentah.

Metode: Penelitian menggunakan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah pedagang yang menjual tahu mentah di pasar tradisional kota Banjarmasin. Analisis kadar formalin menggunakan uji kualitatif menggunakan pereaksi warna dan uji kuantitatif menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis.

Hasil: Pada Analisis Kualitatif dengan uji KMnO4 dan Schiff, semua sampel menunjukkan hasil positif kecuali kode sampel 1. Pengujian menggunakan pereaksi KMnO4 menunjukkan hasil yang negatif pada kode sampel 1. Pada Analisis Kuantitatif Kadar Formalin pada kode sampel 1 13,182 mg/L, kode sampel 2 13,813 mg/L, dan kode sampel 3 16,742 mg/L. Pada pengujian analisis menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan pada perbedaan lokasi pasar terhadap kadar formalin pada tahu mentah dimana hasil nilai ρ value 0,006 yang menunjukkan pengaruh yang kuat dan searah pada perbedaan lokasi pasar terhadap kadar formalin pada tahu mentah.

Simpulan: Hasil analisis kadar formalin pada tahu mentah didapatkan positif mengandung formalin dan ada pengaruh perbedaan lokasi pasar terhadap kadar formalin pada tahu mentah.
Estimasi Nilai Ekonomi Obat Bebas Tidak Digunakan Pada Kalangan Rumah Tangga Kecamatan Banjarmasin Timur
Authors: Naufal Muhammad , Melviani Melviani , Riduansyah Muhammad
Published: December 2022

Latar Belakang: Total biaya perawatan kesehatan paling besar dipengaruhi pada pengeluaran untuk obat-obatan dan diperkirakan memiliki konsekuensi terhadap finansial. Biaya obat-obat tidak digunakan di Indonesia masih kurang menjadi perhatian dan dasar evaluasi terhadap kerugian biaya perawatan kesehatan yang dikeluarkan oleh pasien atau masyarakat.

Tujuan: Mengetahui jumlah estimasi nilai ekonomi obat bebas tidak digunakan pada kalangan rumah tangga Kecamatan Banjarmasin Timur.

Metode: Penelitian yang digunakan jenis survey dengan pengumpulan informasi menggunakan kuesioner. Populasi dan sampel adalah masyarakat Kecamatan Banjarmasin Timur dengan jumlah 100 responden, diambil dengan teknik pengambilan probability sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan microsoft excel, dihitung perkiraan biaya berdasarkan Harga Eceran Tertinggi yang tertera pada layanan online apotek swasta dalam nilai Rupiah (Rp) dan persentase (%).

Hasil: Penelitian ini menemukan obat-obatan yang sedang digunakan dan sebagai persediaan yaitu Rp.411.278 (58%) dari total harga obat dengan rata-rata per orang sebesar Rp.3.917, dengan status obat yang sudah tidak digunakan pada masyarakat Kecamatan Banjarmasin Timur yang telah dilakukan perhitungan biaya dan didapatkan biaya sebesar Rp.224.317 (32%) dengan rata-rata per orangnya adalah Rp.3.348, dan untuk obat yang kadaluarsa didapatkan biaya sebesar Rp.72.660 (10%) dengan rata-rata Rp.2.270 per orangnya.

Simpulan: Jumlah rumah tangga yang menyimpan obat sisa dikalikan dengan harga rata-rata obat tidak digunakan per orang dalam rumah tangga sebesar Rp.3.348 pada penelitian ini maka nilai ekonomi obat tidak digunakan yang bisa dihemat bernilai Rp.163.429.272.
Analisis Kandungan Logam Timbal (Pb) Pada Air Dan Ikan Papuyu Di Daerah Sungai Alalak Dengan Metode Spectrofotometri Serapan Atom (SSA)
Authors: Alawiyah Tuti , Rahmadani Rahmadani
Published: December 2022

Latar Belakang: Sungai Alalak merupakan sungai yang masyarakatnya memiliki aktivitas keseharianya, aktivitas tersebut antara lain sumber air minum, mandi, mencuci pakaian, memasak, mencuci bahan makanan. Sungai alalak ini juga merupakan sungai yang dikekilingi oleh industri – industri seperti industri playwood kayu dan industri pertamina. Adanya pabrik tersebut dapat mengakibatkan penceraman logam berat disekitar sungai tersebut

Tujuan: untuk mellihat Kandungan Logam Timbal Pada Air Dan Ikan Papuyu Di Daerah Sungai Alalak Dengan Metode Spectrofotometri Serapan Atom

Metode: Metode penelitian adalah diskripsi analitik dengan mengidenftikasi logam berat timbal  pada ikan dan air sungai menggunakan menggunakan reaksi warna untuk analisis kualitatif dan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom pada panjang gelombang 283,3

Hasil: penelitian menunjukkan reaksi warna analisis kualitatif pada air sungai dan daging ikan papuyu hasil posistif dengan perekasi  KI, NaOH dan HCl. Hasil kadar ikan Hasil yang didapatkan pada sampel A  ikan papuyu sebesar 0,450 mg/ kg dan sampel B air sungai alalak yaitu 0,003 mg/L, dengan persamaan regresi liner adalah y = 0,00020 + 0,1556 x

Simpulan: Simpulan penelitian Berisi analisis kadar timbal pada air dan daging ikan papuyu di Sungai Alalak Banjarmasin didapat untuk hasil uji kualitatif positif menunjukkan senyawa logam timbal di semua perekasi. Hasil kuantitatif kadar timbal pada papuyu sebesar 0,450 mg/k
Analisis Pewarna Rhodamin B dan Pengawet Asam Benzoat dalam Saus Tomat di Kota Banjarmasin
Authors: Alawiyah Tuti , Rahmadani Rahmadani
Published: December 2022

Latar Belakang: . Saus tomat dengan warna yang merah seringkali disalahgunakan oleh produsen dengan menambahkan bahan pewarna yang dilarang penggunaannya pada makanan seperti Rhodamin B. Saus tomat juga biasanya dibuat dengan menambahkan bahan pengawet seperti Asam Benzoat yang tidak dapat terdisosiasi sehingga menimbulkan efek racun pada pemakaian berlebih

Tujuan: untuk menganalisis bahan pewarna dan bahan pengawet dari segi analisis kualitatif serta analisis kuantitatif dalam beberapa produk saos tomat yang beredar di Kota Banjarmasin.

Metode: metode penelitian adalah diskripsi analitik dengan mengidenftikasi  senyawa rhodamin b menggunakan menggunakan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis dan Spektrofotometri UV-VIS dengan panjang gelombang 534 nm pada sampel saos A dan B, kemudian identifikasi senyawa Asam Benzoate dilakukan dengan analisis kualitatif yaitu uji warna dengan pereaksi FeCl3, titrasi asam basa serta metode spektrofotometri UV-VIS dengan panjang gelombang 230 nm.

Hasil: metode KLT pelarut yang digunakan dengan menggunakan pelarut butanol: etil asetat: ammonia dengan perbandingan 10:4:5)  Hasil menunjukkan bahwa nilai Rf  untuk sampel 1 dan sampel 2 yaitu mendapatkan hasil 0,9966 cm. Hasil analisis kuantitatif rhodami b menggunakan metode spektrofotometer UV-VIS dengan panjang gelombang 543 nm Regresi kurva kalibrasi yang diperoleh persamaan garis y = 0.02265 x + 0,0226  dengan koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,998330, rata – rata sampel 5,371

Simpulan: hasil identifikasi pada Rhodamin B tidak memenuhi syarat ketentuan permenkes, sedangkan hasil asam benzoat masih memenuhi standar SNI
Pilihan Pengobatan Mikosis Superfisialis dan Profunda di Indonesia
Authors: Trasia Reqgi First
Published: December 2022

Latar belakang: Penyakit infeksi jamur ditemukan kosmopolit, khususnya di wilayah beriklim panas. Di Indonesia, frekuensi mikosis superfisialis masih cukup tinggi. Namun, tinjauan parasitologis mengenai pengobatan terkini penyakit akibat jamur secara superfisial dan profunda masih sedikit dipahami.

Tujuan: Artikel ini bertujuan untuk meninjau pengobatan terkini mikosis superfisialis dan profunda di Indonesia.

Metode: Penelusuran kepustakaan terkini, didapatkan 13 artikel yang relevan untuk ditinjau.

Hasil: Pada mikosis superfisialis yang kecil dapat diberikan pengobatan lokal (topikal) dengan preparat salisil, derivat imidazol, isokonazol, krim terbinafin, solusio siklopiroks dan tolnaftat tinktur atau salep. Pada mikosis profunda dapat diberikan itrakonazol.

Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil tinjauan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa untuk mengatasi gejala akibat mikosis superfisialis diberikan pengobatan topikal derivat imidazol, sedangkan pada mikosis profunda diberikan pengobatan tablet atau injeksi seperti amphotericin.

Kata Kunci: pengobatan, jamur, mikosis, infeksi
Pendekatan Health Belief Model (HBM) Untuk Menganalisis Kepatuhan Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Dalam Menggunakan Insulin Di Kota Banjarmasin
Authors: Damayanti Aulia , Chicade Anabaena , Sadiyah Halimatus , Petrisia Kerin , Elwin Lalu T. R. , Yericho M. , Andini Maulida Putri , Rachman Muhammad Rezky , Yuzhar Muhammad , Pebrianti Pebrianti` , Nayaken Putri Olivia , Ratna W.P.P Dewi , Dewi Shinta Kumala , Imani Sita Razni , Hasanah Umi , Zahra Yenni Al , Syamsyu Erlina
Published: December 2022

Latar belakang: Diabetes melitus adalah sekelompok penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia kronis akibat kelainan sekresi insulin, kerja insulin, atau keduanya. Di tinjau dari Prevalensi pasien DM 2,86% di Kota Banjarmasin (Rikesdas, 2018). Saat ini insulin merupakan terapi yang paling efektif untuk penderita DM namun pasien cenderung melakukan penolakan terhadap pemberian insulin melalui injeksi. Health Belief Model (HBM) adalah model kepercayaan kesehatan individu dalam menentukan sikap melakukan atau tidak melakukan tindakan terhadap perilaku kesehatan.Tujuan: Untuk melihat hubungan pendekatan Health Belief Model (HBM) dengan 5 konsep utama untuk menganalisis kepatuhan pasien diabetes mellitus dalam menggunakan insulin di masyarakat Kota Banjarmasin.Metode: Deskriptif dengan menguji hipotesis serta memperoleh jawaban dari suatu pertanyaan maka data dapat dikumpulkan melalui angket atau kuesioner.Hasil: Berdasarkan karakteristik kepatuhan pasien dalam menggunakan insulin menunjukan 62,5% sering,25,0% kadang-kadang,3,1% jarang menggunakan insulin dan 9,4% tidak menggunakan. Terdapat kerentanan yang dirasakan apabila tidak menggunakan insulin, dengan jumlah terbanyak menyatakan naiknya gula darah. keparahan yang dirasakan atas keyakinan individu tersebut terhadap keparahan penyakit yang dideritanya, manfaat yang dirasakan memiliki hubungan psoitif yang signifikan terhadap kepatuhan pasien dalam menggunakan insulin, Berdasarkan uji statistik Chi-square diperoleh nilai p 0,133 (> 0,05) yang artinya tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kepatuhan pasien dalam menggunakan insulin dengan hambatan yang dirasakan.Kesimpulan: Kerentanan, keparahan, manfaat, dan kepercayaan diri yang dirasakan memiliki pengaruh secara positif yang signifikan terhadap kepatuhan pasien dalam menggunakan insulin. Sedangkan, berdasarkan kepatuhan medikasi pasien diabetes mellitus dalam menggunakan insulin tidak dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh hambatan yang di rasakan.
Inisiasi Protocorm Like Bodies (PLB) Dendrobium sylvanum
Authors: Malahayati Siti , Noval Noval , Budi Setia
Published: December 2022

Anggrek genus Dendrobium menghasilkan metabolit sekunder yang berkhasiat obat yaitu alkaloid, alkaloid yang utama pada Dendrobium yaitu dendrobine. Bagian tanaman anggrek yang mengandung metabolit sekunder dalam jumlah besar yaitu dalam bentuk protocorm like bodies (PLB). Pada penelitian ini dilakukan inisiasi PLB dari eksplan biji anggrek Dendrobium sylvanum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi giberelin dalam medium Murashige and Skoog untuk inisiasi PLB yang optimal. Kultur biji dilakukan pada medium Murashige and Skoog dengan penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh giberelin (GA3). Optimasi kultur biji dilakukan dengan penambahan 3 variasi konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh, yaitu GA3 1 ppm, GA3 2 ppm, dan GA3 4 ppm. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi yang paling baik untuk inisiasi PLB adalah GA3 1 ppm berdasarkan waktu muncul PLB, warna PLB, diameter PLB, indeks pertumbuhan PLB, dan anatomi PLB.
Etnofarmakologi: Pengetahuan Khusus Yang Umum
Authors: Nugraha Dyan Fitri , Nastiti Kunti , Rahman Faisal
Published: December 2022

Latar belakang: Penggunaan obat tradisional di tengah masyarakat meningkat setiap tahunnya. Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi informasi dan desakan pandemi, membuat masyarakat menyadari kebutuhan akan obat tradisional. Perkembangan informasi yang beredar di media sosial terkait identifikasi, khasiat, dan pengolahan obat tradisional tidak sepenuhnya benar.

Tujuan: Tingginya konsumsi dan alur informasi dunia maya terutama oleh mereka usia Muda, menyebabkan perlu adanya analisis tingkat kebenaran pengetahuan terkait obat tradisional. Hal inilah yang menjadi tujuan dari penelitian ini.

Metode: Menggunakan metode survei secara analisis deskriptif kuantitatif berbasis kuisioner daring melalui google form kepada Mahasiswa dengan usia Muda (18-24 Tahun). Survei meiputi identifikasi, khasiat dan pengolahan obat tradisional.

Hasil: Rata-rata tingkat pengetahuan identifikasi, khasiat, dan pengolahan obat tradisional dengan tingkat popularitas obat tradisional yang berbeda sebesar <60%. Mayoritas responden hanya mengetahui obat tradisional yang sudah umum diketahui, sementara informasi potensi kekayaan alam lokal lainnya masih belum terdistribusi dengan baik.

Kesimpulan: Masih rendahnya tingkat pengetahuan responden terhadap obat tradisional menjadi tantangan bagi para regulator, akademisi, hingga praktisi untuk dapat membumikan informasi seputar etnofarmakologi. Dalam kata lain, meyebarkan pengetahuan khusus sehingga menjadi umum.
Formulasi dan Uji Stabilitas Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Bunga Melati Putih (Jasminum Sambac L.) Sebagai Anti Jerawat
Authors: Budianor Budianor , Malahayati Siti , Saputri Rina
Published: December 2022

Latar belakang:  Ekstrak bunga melati putih memiliki aktivitas sebagai antimikroba terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri jerawat, untuk mempermudah dalam penggunaan perlu dibuat sediaan farmasi salah satunya krim. Krim memiliki kelebihan yaitu mudah diaplikasikan pada kulit, tidak lengket dan mudah dicuci dengan air. Sediaan krim dibuat dengan variasi basis adeps lanae untuk mendapatkan formulasi yang optimal dan stabil. Stabilitas krim akan rusak jika sistem campurannya terganggu oleh perubahan suhu, komposisinya atau adanya penambahan salah satu fase secara berlebihan.

Tujuan:  Mengetahui formulasi yang optimal serta menganalisis stabilitas fisik dan kimia formulasi sediaan krim dengan variasi konsentrasi basis adeps lanae.

Metode:  Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan true eksperimental dengan desain acak lengkap. Krim diformulasikan dengan variasi konsentrasi adeps lanae yaitu 3%, 5%, 8%. Uji stabilitas menggunakan metode cycling test meliputi uji organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, daya lekat, daya sebar, viskositas dan tipe emulsi sebelum dan sesudah.

Hasil:  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variasi konsentrasi adeps lanae tidak menunjukkan perbedaan terhadap organoleptis, homogenitas, daya sebar dan tipe emulsi, namun terdapat perbedaan terhadap pH, viskositas, daya lekat. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan nilai >0,05 yang menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan terhadap daya sebar dan terdapat perbedaan signifikan nilai <0,05 pada pH, viskositas dan daya lekat terhadap variasi konsentrasi adeps lanae.

Kesimpulan:  Formulasi yang optimal sebelum uji cycling test yaitu formulasi II dan III dengan konsentrasi basis adeps lanae 5% dan 8%. Sesudah uji cycling test hasil karakteristik menunjukkan tidak stabil. Variasi konsentrasi adeps lanae pada basis krim menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan terhadap stabilitas fisik dan kimia.
Formulasi dan Evaluasi Sediaan Lipbalm Ekstrak Umbi Bit Merah (Beta vulgaris L.) Sebagai Antioksidan
Authors: Sholehah Yuli Yanti , Malahayati Siti , Hakim Ali Rakhman
Published: December 2022

Latar Belakang: Lipbalm merupakan sediaan yang biasa digunakan untuk bibir yang berguna sebagai pelembab, dekoratif, dan melindungi bibir dari pengaruh lingkungan, dan mencegah penguapan pada sel-sel epitel mukosa bibir. Umbi bit merah merupakan tanaman berwarna merah keunguan yang mengandung antioksidan betasianin.

Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi formulasi sediaan lipbalm ekstrak umbi bit merah (Beta vulgaris L.) berdasarkan hasil evaluasi dan mengidentifikasi pengaruh perubahan konsentrasi cera alba berdasarkan hasil evaluasi.

Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah experimental dengan rancangan penelitian quasy experiment design dengan one group post-test only yang bertujuan untuk membandingkan variasi konsentrasi cera alba terhadap formulasi lipbalm ekstrak umbi bit merah (Beta vulgaris L.) sebagai antioksidan.

Hasil: Pada sediaan lipbalm ekstrak umbi bit merah (Beta vulgaris L.) didapatkan 4 formulasi dimana formulasi I, II, III, dan IV telah memenuhi spesifikasi organoleptis, homogenitas, daya lekat, daya sebar, dan pH. Hasil evaluasi dari formulasi sediaan lipbalm ekstrak umbi bit merah (Beta vulgaris L.), variasi konsentrasi cera alba mempengaruhi hasil evaluasi fisik dan kimia sediaan lipbalm.

Simpulan: Sediaan lipbalm ekstrak umbi bit merah (Beta vulgaris L.) didapatkan formulasi I, II, III, dan IV telah memenuhi spesifikasi organoleptis, homogenitas, daya lekat, daya sebar, dan pH. Hasil evaluasi terdapat pengaruh variasi konsentrasi cera alba sebagai basis terhadap evaluasi fisik dan kimia. Formulasi optimal dari semua formula adalah formula III.

Kata Kunci: Antioksidan, Bibir, Cera Alba, Lipbalm, Umbi bit
Elogio à diversidade – um estudo sobre a obra de A. C. Jobim
Authors: Loureiro Ines
Published: December 2022

Resenha do livro “The Music of Antônio Carlos Jobim”, de Peter Freeman. (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2019. 202 p. ISBN: 978-1-78320-937-8)
“Mataram uma criança indo pra escola”: mídia, violência policial e política em “Delação premiada”
Authors: Machado Adelcio Camilo , Camargo Débora
Published: December 2022

O presente artigo tem como objeto a canção “Delação premiada”, composta e interpretada por MC Carol em 2016, com produção musical de Leo Justi. A partir de um exame de sua letra em conexão com suas características musicais, buscou-se demonstrar de que maneira uma certa experiência daquele contexto histórico de meados da década de 2010 se formaliza na canção. Por meio das análises, foi possível identificar que a canção faz uma leitura crítica dos episódios da política brasileira que envolveram o mecanismo da delação premiada, entendendo-os como uma espécie de espetáculo produzido pela mídia que, por sua vez, abafava muitos casos em que a polícia atuava com extrema violência junto à população da periferia.
O longo modernismo: reflexões sobre a agenda político-cultural do século XX brasileiro
Authors: Napolitano Marcos
Published: December 2022

Este artigo parte da hipótese de que o impacto histórico do modernismo brasileiro foi além dos efeitos diretos e da ação dos protagonistas da Semana de Arte Moderna de 1922, articulando-se como formação social, movimento artístico e instituição cultural. A partir dessa premissa, analisaremos os caminhos de um “longo modernismo” brasileiro, sugerindo que esta categoria deve ser analisada como a base de uma agenda cultural e política que orientou um conjunto de ações culturais e projetos que partilhavam um sentimento geral de “brasilidade” baseado na mestiçagem racial, na busca de um idioma cultural comum a todos as raças e classes e na premência do intelectual como tutor da consciência nacional. As mudanças ao longo dos anos 1980 produzidas, em grande parte, pelas respostas dos novos movimentos sociais aos desafios e impasses gerados pela modernização autoritária imposta pelo Regime Militar de 1964, implodiu os princípios gerais, diluiu a agenda e fragmentou a esfera pública onde atuavam os herdeiros do modernismo histórico.
O triunfo da Semana de 22 na crítica musical: Mário de Andrade e Luiz Heitor, 1927 a 1945
Authors: Egg André
Published: December 2022

o artigo exemplifica padrões de crítica musical no Brasil anteriores à Semana de 22 atentando para um número da Revista Musical e de Belas Artes e para textos de Oscar Guanabarino, em O Paiz em 1886 e no Jornal do Comércio em 1922. A proposição de um modelo de crítica musical modernista é derivada da análise de produções de dois críticos: Mário de Andrade, sua produção para o jornal Diário Nacional (1927 a 1932) e aspectos de crítica musical em seu livro Ensaio sobre a música brasileira (1928) e Luiz Heitor Correa de Azevedo em textos para a revista Cultura Política entre 1941 e 1945.
Mechanistic models of α-synuclein homeostasis for Parkinson's disease: A blueprint for therapeutic intervention
Authors: Righetti Elena , Antonello Alice , Marchetti Luca , Domenici Enrico , Reali Federico
Published: December 2022

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, yet there is no disease-modifying therapy up to this date. The biological complexity underlying PD hampers the investigation of the principal contributors to its pathogenesis. In this context, mechanistic models grounded in molecular-level knowledge provide virtual labs to uncover the primary events triggering PD onset and progression and suggest promising therapeutic targets. Multiple modeling efforts in PD research have focused on the pathological role of α-synuclein (αsyn), a presynaptic protein that emerges from the intricate molecular network as a crucial driver of neurodegeneration. Here, we collect the advances in mathematical modeling of αsyn homeostasis, focusing on aggregation and degradation pathways, and discussing potential modeling improvements and possible implications in PD therapeutic strategy design.
Hyaluronic acid ameliorates intervertebral disc degeneration via promoting mitophagy activation
Authors: Zhang Fu , Wang Songjuan , Gao Manman , Li Baoliang , He Zhongyuan , Tang Tao , Zhu Zhengya , Liu Shaoyu , Zhou Zhiyu
Published: December 2022

Activation of mitophagy was considered to be a potential therapeutic strategy for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). There was evidence suggesting that hyaluronic acid (HA) can protect mitochondria from oxidative stress in chondrocytes, but its protective effects and mechanism in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) remain unclear. This study aimed to confirm the effect of HA promoting mitophagy and protecting mitochondria function in NPCs, and explore its underlying mechanism. NPCs were treated with high molecular weight HA, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and Cyclosporin A (CsA). Mitophagy, mitochondrial function, apoptosis, senescence and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation were measured. Then, NPCs were transfected with C1QBP siRNA, mitophagy and mitochondrial function were tested. The therapeutic effects of HA on IDD by promoting mitophagy were assessed in bovine intervertebral disc organ culture model. The results showed that TBHP induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, NPCs apoptosis, senescence and ECM degradation. Treated by HA, mitophagy was activated, concomitantly, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, senescence and ECM degradation were ameliorated. Mitophagy inhibition by CsA partially eliminated the protective effects of HA against oxidative stress. After transfected with C1QBP siRNA to reduce the expression of C1QBP in NPCs, the effect of HA promoting mitophagy was inhibited and the protective effect of HA against oxidative stress was weaken. Additionally, HA alleviated NPCs apoptosis and ECM degradation in bovine intervertebral disc organ culture model. These findings suggest that HA can protect mitochondrial function through activation of mitophagy in NPCs and ameliorate IDD. Furthermore, C1QBP is involved in HA promoting mitophagy and protecting NPCs from oxidative stress. Taken together, our results provide substantial evidence for the clinical applications of HA in the prevention and treatment of IDD.
Preparation and optimization of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) rod-shaped particles in nano size range for paclitaxel delivery
Authors: Xu Mengyao , Liao Zuyue , Liu Yang , Guo Shiwei , Hu Haiyang , Chen Tao , Wu Yuesong , Wan Shengli , Zhou Meiling , Lu Muhe , Jiluo Shiluo , Yao Lan , Pu Xiaofeng , Wang Shurong , Fan Qingze
Published: December 2022

Nanoparticle shape has been acknowledged as an important design parameter due to its influence on nanoparticle interaction with biological systems. However, there is lacking of simple and scalable preparation technique for drug loaded non-spherical polymeric nanoparticles for a long time, thus hindering the potential applications. Although our previous research has modified the traditional emulsion solvent evaporation technique by adding guest molecules to prepare non-spherical poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles, it is difficult to obtain nano-sized rods with minor axis less than 200 nm, which may have great potential in cancer therapy. Herein, in present research, the two-step ESE method was used and optimized to prepare poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanorods for paclitaxel delivery. Firstly, the single-factor experiment was used to screen the influence of multi-factors including type of guest molecules, concentration of guest molecules, emulsification method, surfactant concentration, oil volume, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) concentration on the size and shape to determine the range of variables; based on the above range, a multi-factor and multi-level orthogonal experiment was designed. The formula is evaluated by the rod fabrication yield and the aspect ratio of major axis to minor axis. The results showed that the yield of nanorods in the optimal formula was 99% and the aspect ratio was 5.35 ± 2.05 with the minor axis of 135.49 ± 72.66 nm, and major axis of 657.77 ± 307.63 nm. In addition, the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel was successfully encapsulated in PLGA nanorods by the same technique. Our results not only enrich the ESE technique for preparing small sized poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanorods, but also envision the potential application of nanorods for targeted cancer therapy with the delivery of paclitaxel.
Biological properties of the BCL-2 family protein BCL-RAMBO, which regulates apoptosis, mitochondrial fragmentation, and mitophagy
Authors: Kataoka Takao
Published: December 2022

Mitochondria play an essential role in the regulation of cellular stress responses, including cell death. Damaged mitochondria are removed by fission and fusion cycles and mitophagy, which counteract cell death. BCL-2 family proteins possess one to four BCL-2 homology domains and regulate apoptosis signaling at mitochondria. BCL-RAMBO, also known as BCL2-like 13 (BCL2L13), was initially identified as one of the BCL-2 family proteins inducing apoptosis. Mitophagy receptors recruit the ATG8 family proteins MAP1LC3/GABARAP via the MAP1LC3-interacting region (LIR) motif to initiate mitophagy. In addition to apoptosis, BCL-RAMBO has recently been identified as a mitophagy receptor that possesses the LIR motif and regulates mitochondrial fragmentation and mitophagy. In the 20 years since its discovery, many important findings on BCL-RAMBO have been increasingly reported. The biological properties of BCL-RAMBO are reviewed herein.
Nuclear envelope, chromatin organizers, histones, and DNA: The many achilles heels exploited across cancers
Authors: Balaji A. K. , Saha Santam , Deshpande Shruti , Poola Darshini , Sengupta Kundan
Published: December 2022

In eukaryotic cells, the genome is organized in the form of chromatin composed of DNA and histones that organize and regulate gene expression. The dysregulation of chromatin remodeling, including the aberrant incorporation of histone variants and their consequent post-translational modifications, is prevalent across cancers. Additionally, nuclear envelope proteins are often deregulated in cancers, which impacts the 3D organization of the genome. Altered nuclear morphology, genome organization, and gene expression are defining features of cancers. With advances in single-cell sequencing, imaging technologies, and high-end data mining approaches, we are now at the forefront of designing appropriate small molecules to selectively inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells in a genome- and epigenome-specific manner. Here, we review recent advances and the emerging significance of aberrations in nuclear envelope proteins, histone variants, and oncohistones in deregulating chromatin organization and gene expression in oncogenesis.
A multi-tissue transcriptomic landscape of female mice in estrus and diestrus provides clues for precision medicine
Authors: Zhou Yiran , Yan Han , Liu Wenjun , Hu Chengqing , Zhou Yuan , Sun Ruya , Tang Yida , Zheng Chao , Yang Jichun , Cui Qinghua
Published: December 2022

Female reproductive cycle, also known as menstrual cycle or estrous cycle in primate or non-primate mammals, respectively, dominates the reproductive processes in non-pregnant state. However, in addition to reproductive tissues, reproductive cycle could also perform global regulation because the receptors of two major female hormones fluctuating throughout the cycle, estrogen and progesterone, are widely distributed. Therefore, a multi-tissue gene expression landscape is in continuous demand for better understanding the systemic changes during the reproductive cycle but remains largely undefined. Here we delineated a transcriptomic landscape covering 15 tissues of C57BL/6J female mice in two phases of estrous cycle, estrus and diestrus, by RNA-sequencing. Then, a number of genes, pathways, and transcription factors involved in the estrous cycle were revealed. We found the estrous cycle could widely regulate the neuro-functions, immuno-functions, blood coagulation and so on. And behind the transcriptomic alteration between estrus and diestrus, 13 transcription factors may play important roles. Next, bioinformatics modeling with 1,263 manually curated gene signatures of various physiological and pathophysiological states systematically characterized the beneficial/deleterious effects brought by estrus/diestrus on individual tissues. We revealed that the estrous cycle has a significant effect on cardiovascular system (aorta, heart, vein), in which the anti-hypertensive pattern in aorta induced by estrus is one of the most striking findings. Inspired by this point, we validated that two hypotensive drugs, felodipine and acebutolol, could exhibit significantly enhanced efficacy in estrus than diestrus by mouse and rat experiments. Together, this study provides a valuable data resource for investigating reproductive cycle from a transcriptomic perspective, and presents models and clues for investigating precision medicine associated with reproductive cycle.
The future is now: Climate displacement and human rights obligations—a note on recent developments in the UN Human Rights Committee
Authors: Thornton Fanny
Published: December 2022

Although climate litigation—or the pursuit of legal resolve of matters stemming from anthropogenic climate change—has been growing around the world, climate mobility is seldom at the heart of relevant case law. It is human rights law bodies, in particular, which have nevertheless begun to progress legal developments in the sphere of climate mobility. This note looks at a 2022 determination by the UN Human Rights Committee concerning the habitability of a small island setting—Australia's Torres Strait Islands—under climate change conditions and the legal responsibilities of nation states to abide by their international human rights obligations in implementing timely adaptation measures now which could help to ensure continued habitation.
Arabic metalinguistic knowledge predicts reading comprehension: A scoping review
Authors: Bin Sawad Nouf , Law Jeremy M. , Tibi Sana , Boese Karen
Published: December 2022

Arabic is a language with unique characteristics, yet the role metalinguistic skills (i. e., phonological awareness, morphological awareness, and orthographical knowledge) play in the development of reading and reading comprehension in Arabic is not well understood. This review aims to: (1) synthesize studies that examine metalinguistic skills' contribution to reading comprehension in Arabic, (2) emphasize gaps and limitations within the current body of literature, and (3) offer recommendations for further research. This review followed a five-stage methodological framework to identify studies. Sixteen studies examined the relation between metalinguistic skills and reading comprehension in Arabic. These studies involved students in grades 1–12. Morphological awareness was found to be the strongest predictor of reading comprehension among Arabic children; in addition, phonological awareness and phonemic diacritics were found to be associated with reading comprehension in early grades. Lastly, this review identified a significant gap in the literature, as few studies have investigated orthographical knowledge in relation to Arabic reading development and outcomes. This literature review supports the claim that metalinguistic variables can predict reading comprehension among Arabic readers. Yet, the generalization of findings is cautioned due to the influences of dialect and the small number of studies involved in the review. These results are discussed in relation to the current teaching guidelines for instructing Arabic reading comprehension.