bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 3D endoscopic transtubular transcallosal approach to the third ventricle
Authors: Shoakazemi Alireza , Evins Alexander I. , Burrell Justin C. , Stieg Philip E. , Bernardo Antonio
Published: January 2015

OBJECT

Surgical approaches to deep-seated brain pathologies, specifically lesions of the third ventricle, have always been a challenge for neurosurgeons. In certain cases, the transcallosal approach remains the most suitable option for targeting lesions of the third ventricle, although retraction of the fornices and wall of the third ventricle have been associated with neuropsychological and hypothalamic deficits. The authors investigated the feasibility of an interhemispheric 3D endoscopic transcallosal approach through a minimally invasive tubular retractor system for the management of third ventricular lesions.

METHODS

Three-dimensional endoscopic transtubular transcallosal approaches were performed on 5 preserved cadaveric heads (10 sides). A parasagittal bur hole was placed using neuronavigation, and a tubular retractor was inserted under direct endoscopic visualization. Following observation of the vascular structures, fenestration of the corpus callosum was performed and the retractor was advanced through the opening. Transforaminal, interforniceal, and transchoroidal modifications were all performed and evaluated by 3 surgeons.

RESULTS

This approach provided enhanced visualization of the third ventricle and more stable retraction of corpus callosum and fornices. Bayonetted instruments were used through the retractor without difficulty, and the retractor applied rigid, constant, and equally distributed pressure on the corpus callosum.

CONCLUSIONS

A transtubular approach to the third ventricle is feasible and facilitates blunt dissection of the corpus callosum that may minimize retraction injury. This technique also provides an added degree of safety by limiting the free range of instrumental movement. The combination of 3D endoscopic visualization with a clear plastic retractor facilitates safe and direct monitoring of the surgical corridor.
Preliminary experience with self-expanding closed-cell stent placement in small arteries less than 2 mm in diameter for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Chung Joonho , Suh Sang Hyun , Hong Chang-Ki , Joo Jin-Yang , Lim Yong Cheol , Shin Yong Sam , Kim Yong Bae
Published: January 2015

OBJECT

The purpose of this study was to report the authors' preliminary experience using self-expanding closed-cell stents deployed in small arteries (< 2 mm in diameter) to treat intracranial aneurysms.

METHODS

A total of 31 patients were studied. All subjects met the following criteria: 1) they received an Enterprise stent for treatment of a wide-necked aneurysm or a dissecting aneurysm or as part of a stent-salvage procedure; and 2) they had an Enterprise stent deployed in a small parent artery (< 2 mm in diameter) that had no atherosclerotic stenosis. Procedure-related complications and follow-up sizes of the parent arteries were evaluated for safety and patency.

RESULTS

There were 16 ruptured aneurysms and 15 unruptured aneurysms. Three (9.7%) of the 31 patients experienced procedure-related complications, and they all were asymptomatic. Follow-up angiography was performed in 27 patients (87.1%) (at a mean 15.5 months after surgery). Parent arteries with 2 acute angles (n = 4) were occluded in 3 cases (75.0%), and those with no acute angles (n = 13) or 1 acute angle (n = 6) showed 100% patency on follow-up angiography. There was a significant difference between the follow-up sizes (mean 1.72 ± 0.30 mm) of parent arteries and their sizes (mean 1.59 ± 0.26 mm) before treatment (95% CI − 0.254 to − 0.009 mm; p = 0.037, paired-samples t-test).

CONCLUSIONS

In the current series the deployment of self-expanding closed-cell stents in small arteries was safe and resulted in good patency, especially when the stents were deployed in segments of the parent artery with no acute angles or only 1 acute angle.
“Highly Qualified Loser”? Harvey Cushing and the Nobel Prize
Authors: Hansson Nils , Schlich Thomas
Published: January 2015

Neurosurgery, in particular surgery of the brain, was recognized as one of the most spectacular transgressions of the traditional limits of surgical work. With their audacious, technically demanding, laboratory-based, and highly promising new interventions, prominent neurosurgeons were primary candidates for the Nobel Prize. Accordingly, neurosurgical pioneers such as Victor Horsley and, in particular, Harvey Cushing continued to be nominated for the prize. However, only António Egas Moniz was eventually awarded the prestigious award in 1949 for the introduction of frontal lobotomy, an intervention that would no longer be prize-worthy from today's perspective. Horsley and Cushing, who were arguably the most important proponents of early neurosurgery, remained “highly qualified losers,” as such cases have been called. This paper examines the nominations, reviews, and discussions kept in the Nobel Archives to understand the reasons for this remarkable choice. At a more general level, the authors use the example of neurosurgery to explore the mechanisms of scientific recognition and what could be called the enacting of excellence in science and medicine.
Odontoid balloon kyphoplasty associated with screw fixation for Type II fracture in 2 elderly patients
Authors: Terreaux Luc , Loubersac Thomas , Hamel Olivier , Bord Eric , Robert Roger , Buffenoir Kevin
Published: January 2015

Anterior screw fixation is a well-recognized technique that is used to stabilize Type IIB fractures of the odontoid process in the elderly. However, advanced age and osteoporosis are 2 risk factors for pseudarthrosis. Kyphoplasty has been described in the treatment of lytic lesions in C-2. The authors decided to combine these 2 techniques in the treatment of unstable fractures of the odontoid.

Two approximately 90-year-old patients were treated for this type of fracture. Instability was demonstrated on dynamic radiography in one patient, and the fracture was seen on static radiography in the other. Clinical parameters, pain, range of motion, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) score (for the first patient), and radiological examinations (CT scans and dynamic radiographs) were studied both before and after surgery.

After inflating the balloon both above and below the fracture line, the authors applied a high-viscosity polymethylmethacrylate cement. Some minor leakage of cement was noted in both cases but proved to be harmless. The screws were correctly positioned. The clinical result was excellent, both in terms of pain relief and in the fact that there was no reduction in the SF-36 score. The range of motion remained the same. A follow-up CT scan obtained 1 year later in one of the patients showed no evidence of change in the materials used, and the dynamic radiographs showed no instability.

This combination of kyphoplasty and anterior screw fixation of the odontoid seems to be an interesting technique in osteoporotic Type IIB fractures of the odontoid process in the elderly, with good results both clinically and radiologically.
Vincenzo Quercioli (1876–1939), researcher and pioneer of the atlas fracture
Authors: Domenicucci Maurizio , Dugoni Demo Eugenio , Mancarella Cristina , D'Elia Alessandro , Missori Paolo
Published: January 2015

A review of early 20th century literature regarding fractures of the atlas led the authors to discover a paper written in Italian by Professor Vincenzo Quercioli in 1908, at that time an assistant surgeon at the University of Siena. The work was published in the journal Il Policlinico, which at that time was directed by Professor Francesco Durante. The paper described the first case of a quadripartite fracture of the atlas, and it accurately reported the mechanism of injury, symptoms, neurological examination, treatment, complications, and cause of death of the patient.

Quercioli performed an autopsy on the patient and gave a detailed description of anatomopathological features. In particular, he identified the 4 symmetrical fracture lines related to the arches of the atlas and the substantial integrity of the atlantoaxial ligaments, particularly the transverse ligament. Based on those findings, Quercioli concluded that the mechanism of trauma was an axial force. This force passed through the center of the vertebral ring and caused symmetrical displacement and compression of the articular masses.

These concepts of dynamic physics led Quercioli to conclude that, because the atlas is wedge shaped, the masses of the atlas reacted to stress by moving away from the center. This reaction resulted in stretching the front and rear arches, which then fractured at their 4 points of weakness. The integrity of the spinal cord was intact, based on a negative neurological examination for CNS lesions. Thus, he concluded that these injuries were not fatal and could be cured by appropriate treatment with a Minerva cast and, in the presence of swallowing disorders, with a nasogastric tube.

The case described by Quercioli was later mentioned in two classic works on atlas fractures by Sir Geoffrey Jefferson, published in 1920 and 1927. In those works, Jefferson proposed his classification of 5 different anatomopathological classes; this work is widely cited in the literature and should be considered a classic. The patterns and deductions that Jefferson reported on these fractures appeared to draw upon the scientific experience of Quercioli and his description of the quadripartite atlas fracture, which appeared to be unique, even in Jefferson's review. Therefore, the authors believe that they have identified another scientist and pioneer of the atlas fracture in Professor Vincenzo Quercioli. With his brilliant insights, which remain useful and valid, Quercioli led the way to further research on the subject.
Flow diversion for complex intracranial aneurysms in young children
Authors: Navarro Ramon , Brown Benjamin L. , Beier Alexandra , Ranalli Nathan , Aldana Philipp , Hanel Ricardo A.
Published: January 2015

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms are exceedingly rare and account for less than 5% of all intracranial aneurysms. Open surgery to treat such aneurysms has been shown to be more durable than endovascular techniques, and durability of treatment is particularly important in the pediatric population. Over the past 2 decades, however, a marked shift in aneurysm treatment from open surgery toward endovascular procedures has occurred for adults.

The authors describe their early experience in treating 3 unruptured pediatric brain aneurysms using the Pipeline embolization device (PED). The first patient, a girl with Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism Type II who was harboring multiple intracranial aneurysms, underwent two flow diversion procedures for a vertebrobasilar aneurysm and a supraclinoid internal carotid artery aneurysm. The second patient underwent PED placement on a previously coiled but enlarging posterior communicating artery aneurysm. All procedures were uneventful, with no postsurgical complications, and led to complete angiographic obliteration of the aneurysms. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first series of flow diversion procedures in children reported in the medical literature.

While flow diversion is a new and relatively untested technology in children, outcomes in adults have been promising. For challenging lesions in the pediatric population, flow diversion may have a valuable role as a well-tolerated, safe treatment with durable results. Many issues remain to be addressed, such as the durability of flow diverters over a very long follow-up and vessel response to growth in the presence of an endoluminal device.
Subdural to subgaleal shunts: alternative treatment in infants with nonaccidental traumatic brain injury?
Authors: Blauwblomme Thomas , Di Rocco Federico , Bourgeois Marie , Beccaria Kevin , Paternoster Giovanna , Verchere-Montmayeur Juliette , Sainte-Rose Christian , Zerah Michel , Puget Stéphanie
Published: January 2015

OBJECT

The ideal treatment for subdural hematomas (SDHs) in infants remains debated. The aim of this study was to analyze the safety and efficiency of subduro-subgaleal drainage in SDH.

METHODS

The authors conducted a single-center open-label study between August 2011 and May 2012. Data were prospectively collected in a database and retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTS

Eighteen patients (male/female ratio 1.25) with a median age of 5 months were surgically treated. All had preoperative symptoms of intracranial hypertension or seizures. The SDH was bilateral in 16 cases, with a median width of 12 mm. Success of the procedure was noted in 14 of the 18 patients. There was no intraoperative complication or postoperative infection. Drainage failure was attributable to suboptimal positioning of the subdural drain in 2 cases and to migration in 1 case.

CONCLUSIONS

Subduro-subgaleal drainage is an efficient treatment that could be proposed as an alternative to external subdural drainage or subduroperitoneal drainage.
Combined microsurgical PICA-PICA bypass and endovascular parent artery occlusion for a ruptured dissecting vertebral artery aneurysm
Authors: Starke Robert M. , Ding Dale , Durst Christopher R. , Crowley R. Webster , Liu Kenneth C.
Published: January 2015

Dissecting vertebral artery (VA) aneurysms are difficult to obliterate when the parent artery cannot be safely occluded. In this video, we demonstrate a combined microsurgical and endovascular treatment technique for a ruptured, dissecting VA aneurysm incorporating the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). We first performed a PICA-PICA side-to-side bypass to preserve flow through the right PICA. An endovascular approach was then utilized to embolize the proximal portion of the aneurysm from the right VA and the distal portion of the aneurysm from the left VA.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/dkkKsX2BiJI.
Subtemporal approach for distal basilar occlusion for giant aneurysm. Nuances and advantages of the subtemporal approach
Authors: Lanzino Giuseppe , Cannizzaro Delia , Villa Stefano Lorenzo
Published: January 2015

We described the subtemporal approach, which was used for distal basilar artery occlusion in a patient with a symptomatic giant unclippable aneurysm. We discuss issues related to positioning and lumbar drainage. We illustrate the basic steps: identification of the tentorial notch; sharp opening of the arachnoid behind the third nerve; placement of a fixed mechanical retractor to “hold” the brain; identification of the third nerve and mobilization from arachnoid attachments; identification of the course and insertion of the fourth nerve; division and retraction of the tentorial edge to enhance exposure; preparation of the “perforator-free zone”; and final clip application followed by ICG fluorescein angiography. We show some of the areas exposed with this approach.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/S_NLIjKQL_o.
Anterior communicating artery aneurysm clipping using standard small fronto-pterional approach, clipping with 3 Lazic clips
Authors: Reinert Michael , Valci Luca , Dalolio Martina , Reyes Vladimir , D'Auria Justine
Published: January 2015

An 80-year-old female presented 5 months previous for nonspecific gait disturbance, during which an MRI was performed. A large based anterior communicating artery aneurym was found independent of neurology. An interdisciplinary discussion favored surgical treatment, on which the patient insisted.

Surgery was performed using standard anesthesia techniques with intraoperative burst supression during surgery, neuromonitoring with MEP and SEP, as well as ICG angiography, microdoppler and neuronavigation. Successful clipping was performed with 2 fenestrated straight and one bayoneted straight Lazic clip. Temporary clipping was 6.1 minutes. Postoperative angiography showed exclusion of the aneurysm, and there was no neurological deficit.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/WKjOHG8irFo.
Surgical clipping of a ruptured posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm
Authors: Kalani M. Yashar S. , Nakaji Peter , Zabramski Joseph M. , Spetzler Robert F.
Published: January 2015

Posterior circulation aneurysms are commonly treated with endovascular techniques. In select cases, microsurgery remains an essential tool for treating these lesions. We present a case of a ruptured posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysm approached via a craniotomy. Given the labyrinth of neurovascular bundles present in the posterior fossa, surgical exposure of PICA aneurysms can be challenging. This video demonstrates the steps of the craniotomy, subarachnoid dissection, mobilization of the vertebral artery and lower cranial nerves, and clipping of the aneurysm.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/fQSxQj7oL0U.
Repair of intraoperative aneurysm neck tear utilizing the cotton-clipping technique
Authors: Safavi-Abbasi Sam , Sun Hai , Oppenlander Mark E. , Nakaji Peter , Kalani M. Yashar S. , Zabramski Joseph M. , Spetzler Robert F.
Published: January 2015

Intraoperative rupture of an intracranial aneurysm is a potentially devastating but controllable complication. The authors have successfully used the previously described cotton-clip technique to repair tears at the necks of aneurysms.1–4 A tear on the neck of the aneurysm is covered with a piece of cotton and held in place with a suction device. The cotton is then clipped onto the tear with an aneurysm clip, using the cotton as a bolster. This simple, effective method has been useful in repairing a partial avulsion of the neck of an aneurysm.1,3

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/nT86RYVQWpc.
Direct clipping of large basilar trunk aneurysm
Authors: Kimura Toshikazu , Nakagawa Daichi , Kawai Kensuke
Published: January 2015

A large basilar trunk aneurysm was incidentally found in a 77-year-old woman in examination for headache. Though it was asymptomatic, high signal intensity was noticed in the brainstem around the aneurysm on FLAIR image of MRI. As she was otherwise healthy, surgical clipping was performed through anterior temporal approach.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/0soWM8meCW8.
An efficient protocol for somatic embryogenesis of garlic (Allium sativum L.) using root tip as explant
Authors: Hassan MN , Haque MS , Hassan MM , Haque MS
Published: January 2015

Genetic improvement of garlic through conventional breeding is very difficult due to sterile nature of its flower. Hence, an alternative system is desirable to induce genetic variation. Tissue culture could be a good opportunities and somatic embryogenesis is one of the potential techniques of tissue culture for in vitro regeneration of garlic plant. The successes and production of somatic embryo depends on several factors such as optimization of media components, genotypes and explant type. Therefore, in the present investigation, garlic root tips were used as explant for callus and somatic embryo induction under different plant growth regulator combination. It was found that MS+1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D was the most favorable (86.10% regeneration with 2.19 cm callus diameter) for callus induction. This concentration also induced and produced good quality somatic embryo. In addition, MS+2.0 mg l-1 Kinetin gave better regeneration of somatic embryo and yielded the highest number (4.670) and longest length (7.0 cm) of shoots per callus. The procedure used a single hormonal signal for callus and somatic embryo induction as well as hormone free medium for further development of plantlet. Besides, maximum duration for callus induction and somatic embryo production was 17 and 10.67 days respectively. Thus, it appears that the protocol is cheap and time bound and particularly useful for conducting experiment for genetic improvement of garlic. Furthermore, as the protocol is cost effective, it can be further tested for commercial feasibility. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.20747 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 1-6, June 2014
Distinctness of 110 rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties of Bangladesh through morphological traits
Authors: Rahman MS , Sohag MKH , Rahman L
Published: January 2015

A total of 110 rice varieties of which 108 local (From Bangladesh Rice Research Institute) and two hybrid varieties (From ACI Ltd. Bangladesh) were used to identify the morphological traits during July, 2008 to June, 2009. These varieties represented four types viz. T. Aman (n=92), B. Aman (n=15), Boro (n=2) and Jhum accession (n=1) as described by Bangladesh Rice Research Institutes literature. Though all these materials were varied ecotypically but grown in one (T. Aman) season. Irrespective of groups of all, 90 varieties were appeared distinctly morphologically from others due to seed colour; stigma colour; anthocyanin colouration of leaf sheath, nodes and lemma:palea, presence of awn and nodal root. Among 90 distinct varieties 19 were distinctly different from others by four traits, nine by three traits, 24 by two traits and 38 varieties by only single trait. The rest 20 varieties were distinguished flag leaf: attitude of the leaf blade. This was done to assess the quality traits of distinctness as major concern and was noninfluenced by the environment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21236 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 29-36, June 2014
Performance of BAU Sapota1 at three upazilla in Nonthern Region and BAU-GPC of Bangladesh
Authors: Roy R , Rahman MH , Rahim MA
Published: January 2015

Three years experiment was conducted to establishment the BAUGPC released BAU Sapota-1 at three selected upazilla of Northern region and BAUGPC, Mymensingh of Bangladesh during the period from July 2009 to June 2013. Among the locations, Palashbari, Gaibandha exhibited the tallest plant, maximum leaves, maximum branches and higher canopy in all the years (2010, 2011 and 2012), Palashbari, Gaibandha also noticed the minimum time for fruit setting, maximum harvested fruit and fresh fruits as well as the higher fruit yield of BAU Sapota1 compared to other locations. The overall results suggest that BAU Sapota-1 can be recommended to cultivate in the Palashbari Gaibandha area for obtaining higher yields.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21243 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 61-65, June 2014
Effect of heat stress on blood parameters in indigenous sheep
Authors: Rana MS , Hashem MA , Sakib MN , Kumar A
Published: January 2015

The research was conducted to study the effect of heat stress on blood parameters in indigenous sheep. Nine sheep were divided into three groups which were almost similar in age, sex and weight. Three groups were divided as zero hour (T0), four hours (T4) and eight hours (T8) heat exposure to direct sunlight. During experimental period temperaturehumidity index (THI) value was calculated as 27.09 which indicate T4 and T8 groups were subjected to heat stress condition for at least four hours and eight hours respectively every day. The amount of red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb%) and packed cell volume (PCV%) were increased significantly (p<0.05) with the increase of heat stress but the amount of white blood cell (WBC) had no significant difference (P>0.05) among the treatment groups. It can be concluded that heat stress had significant changes on some blood parameters in indigenous sheep. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21253 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 91-94, June 2014
The studies on the preparation of instant noodles from wheat flour supplementing with sweet potato flour
Authors: Taneya MLJ , Biswas MMH , Ud-Din M Shams
Published: January 2015

The study reports on the effect of composite flours consisting of wheat and sweet potato flour on the physicochemical and sensory properties of instant noodles. Sweet potato flour was incorporated into wheat flour at flour replacement levels of 0, 10, 20 and 30%. The levels of sweet potato flours increased in the formulations of instant noodle that increased ash, starch, crude fiber and total carbohydrate contents but decreased level of protein. The instant noodles with 20% sweet potato flour had decreased moisture content but had higher levels of fat and calories (per 100 g) when compared with 10% sweet potato flour in the formulation. The instant noodles with 0, 10, 20 and 30% of sweet potato flours that higher level of water absorption and increased volume of cooked noodles. Instant noodles with 30% sweet potato flour that the highest sensory scores for colour, flavour, texture and overall acceptability when compared with control and other samples but noodles with 20% sweet potato flour was equally acceptable. Studies on the shelf life of dried instant noodles packed in polyethylene bags showed no remarkable change in mold growth, texture and flavor but free fatty acid value, peroxide value and moisture content slightly increased gradually after 90 days duration at room temperature. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21403 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 135-142, June 2014
Development of preservation by processing technologies of BAU kul
Authors: Biswas MM Hasan , Ahmed B , Taneya MLJ , Uddin MB
Published: January 2015

This study reports on processing of jam, jelly and chutney from BAU kul and assessing the products shelf life and food value. This study was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The fruits were collected from the local market and the pulp was extracted and analyzed for proximate composition. The proximate analysis of BAU kul pulp showed 86.12% moisture, 19.00% TSS, 06.04% reducing sugar, 15.16 % non-reducing sugar, 21.20% total sugar, 01.35% ash, 04.50PH, 00.44% acidity and 65mg/100g vitamin C. A total three types of products each with 3 different formulations were prepared and packed in appropriate packaging for storage studies. Products were stored at room temperatures and change their physical and chemical condition during storage was observed at an interval of 30 days for a period of four months. A taste panel consisting 10 panelists studied the acceptability of the samples. The consumers preferences were measured by statistical analysis of the scores obtained from the responses of the taste panel. Among the samples jam of (TSS  65.50%, pectin  0.5%, PH  3.10), jelly of (TSS  66.50%, pectin 0.5% and PH  3.15) and chutney of (TSS  65.5%, PH  3.20) were awarded the highest scores by the panelists. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21404 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 143-152, June 2014
Production and characterization of chitosan from shrimp waste
Authors: Hossain MS , Iqbal A
Published: January 2015

Chitosan has been produced from shrimp waste by chemical method involving demineralization, deproteinization and deacetylation. The quality of chitosan depends on the conditions of the chemical extraction process. The results showed that 3% HCI and 4% NaOH were suitable concentration for demineralization and deproteinization, respectively at ambient temperature (28±2oC). Chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation (81.24%) and high solubility (97.65%) was obtained by deacetylation with 60% NaOH for 24 hours at 60°C. Purified chitosan was characterized for intrinsic viscosity (13.2dl/g), molecular weight (1.05×106 Dalton), FBC (427.98%), WBC (537.29%) as well as yield (15.4%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21405 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 153-160, June 2014
Influence of salt on drying performance of silver jewfish (Otolithes argentatus) in a Hohenheim type solar tunnel dryer
Authors: Uddin KB , Reza MS , Islam MN , Kamal M
Published: January 2015

Studies were conducted to investigate the influence of salt treatment on the drying performance of commercially important marine fish, silver jewfish (Otolithes argentatus) in a Hohenheim-type solar tunnel dryer. Different brine concentrations viz., 0%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% were used, where fish were treated for 12 hr after sorting, grading, dressing and washing. Temperature inside the dryer varied from 36 to 55ºC with an average air velocity of 1.5 m/s. Moisture content of fish was reduced to 16% and it was found that the use of salt in silver jewfish significantly reduced the drying period in solar tunnel dryer to 34 hr compared to those of 40 hr for control fish. Moisture content of 10% salt treated sample decreased rapidly compared to other salt treated samples where moisture content reduced to below 16% within 34 hr. This indicates that addition of salt in raw material reduced drying time as well as improves the quality of the final product. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21416 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 227-233, June 2014
Factors Affecting the Pregnancy Outcome in Patients with Previous One Caesarean Section
Authors: Begum Kazi Shahnaz , Khan Neyamat Ullah , Akter Farhana
Published: December 2014

This case series study was designed to determine the factors affecting the pregnancy out come in patients with previous one caesarean section. The study was conducted at Marie Stopes Clinic Primium-1 Dhanmondi from July 01, 2012 to January 31, 2013. A total of 150 patients with previous one caesarean section who presented at term were included in the study. The data were collected through proforma and subjected to statistical analysis. Out of 150 patients, 81 (54%) patients had trial of scar and the remaining 69 (46%) patients underwent repeat elective caesarean section. Among those who had trial of scar only 35 (43.2%) patients achieved successful vaginal delivery and remaining 46 (56.8%) had emergency caesarean section. Common indication for repeat emergency caesarean section was non progress of labour (47.8%). It was frequent in women who reported late to hospital after the onset of labour and in women who did not seek antenatal booking in pregnancy. Maternal complications like post partum hemorrhage, scar dehiscence, wound infection and febrile illness were more in those who had emergency caesarean section. There was no maternal mortality in the study. Perinatal outcome was not affected by the mode of delivery. There were two perinatal deaths which occurred in non-booked patients who underwent emergency caesarean section. Most of the women in our study had repeat caesarean section for failed progress. Regular antenatal check up and early report to hospital after the onset of labour can reduce the rate of repeat caesarean section. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v26i1.21300 Medicine Today 2014 Vol.26(1): 01-03
Factors Influencing Hyponatremia in Hospitalized Diabetic Patients- A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Ahmed Sheikh Salahuddin , Nur Fazle , Ullah Md Rahamat , Mamun Abdullah Al , Chowdhury Md Tauhidul Islam , Laila Tarafdar Runa , Khan Md Abdul Mahid
Published: December 2014

Hyponatremia is a very common electrolyte imbalance in admitted diabetic patients which leads to substantial morbidity and mortality. There is no existing record for profiling of hyponatremia in Bangladeshi diabetic subjects. The objective of this study was to find out the factors influencing hyponatremia and associated co-morbidities in admitted diabetic patients of a tertiary care hospital. Samples were selected from all adult nonpregnant diabetic patients with serum sodium level < 135 mmol/L irrespective of their cause of admission. A total number of 115 admitted diabetic patients with hyponatremia were studied. Informations were collected in a semi structured data collection form for analysis. Hyponatremia was found to be more common in the aged (47%) and female populations (63.5%). Vomiting was found to be the most common factor (51.3%) causing hyponatremia in the admitted diabetic patients. Other common factors influencing hyponatremia were diarrhea, sweating, severe hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis and drugs especially diuretics. The commonest co-morbid condition associated with diabetes was hypertension. Thiazide diuretics should be used with caution in the elderly who are prone to develop hyponatremia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v26i1.21301 Medicine Today 2014 Vol.26(1): 04-08
Comparison of Epidural Steroid Injections with Conservative Management in Patients with Lumbar Radiculopathy
Authors: Rahman Md Mahmudur , Rashid Md Imamur , Rahman Nadia , Shakoor MA
Published: December 2014

Pain in the back is the most common of all chronic pain disorders. Back pain and sciatica, or leg pain originating from injury to or pressure on the sciatic nerve, are major causes of disability in adults, occurring in 15% to 20% of the working-age population annually and 70% to 90% of adults at some point in their lives. Men and women are affected equally. The study was conducted prospectively in 60 patients of 18 to 60 years of age with documented chronic low back pain with sciatica. Thirty patients were treated in group-A with conservative treatment (NSAID+ therapeutic exercises+ superficial thermotherapy and ADL instruction) plus epidural steroid injection and 30 samples were treated in group B with conservative treatment only. Epidural steroid injection treatment group is significantly improved than conservative treatment group (p<0.05). There was more improvement of pain in group A than in Group B ( p= 0.007) and SLR was more increased in group A than group-B (p=0.03). So, epidural steroid injection is a effective treatment for lumber rediculopathy especially in acute phase. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v26i1.21302 Medicine Today 2014 Vol.26(1): 09-11
A Postmortem Study on the Weight of the Human Ovary
Authors: Perven Hosna Ara , Nurunnabi Abu Sadat Mohammad , Ara Shamim , Shahriah Sunjida , Begum Gul Newaz
Published: December 2014

A cross-sectional, descriptive type of study was designed to find out the difference in weight of the ovary of Bangladeshi women in relation to age and to compare with the previous studies. This study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from January to December 2009. The study was performed on 140 post mortem human ovaries collected from 70 unclaimed female dead bodies which were in the morgue under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age-groups including group A (10-13 years), group B (14-45 years) & group C (46-52 years) and the weight of the ovaries were measured and recorded. The difference in mean weight between the right ovary and the left ovary was statistically significant in all age group (P <0.001). The difference in mean weight of the ovary between group A & group B, group A & group C and group B & group C were statistically significant (P <0.001) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v26i1.21304 Medicine Today 2014 Vol.26(1): 12-14
Cadaver Study on the Branching Pattern of the Splenic Artery in a Bangladeshi Population
Authors: Alim Abdul , Nurunnabi Abu Sadat Mohammad , Mahbub Sabiha , Ahmed Rukshana , Ara Shamim
Published: December 2014

The spleen is the largest single mass of lymphoid tissue in all vertebrates. Arterial blood supply correlates with the functional capability of the human spleen. A cross-sectional, descriptive type of study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from January to December 2008, to see the arterial pattern in the human spleen. 30 human spleens were collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age-groups including group A (15-29 years), group B (30-49 years) & group C (50-69 years). Then macroscopic dissection was done and radiological angiograph was taken to see the arterial pattern in the human spleen. The splenic artery was the origin of sole blood supply in all the specimens. Two lobar branches were found in 70% of specimens and three branches in 23%. Four lobar branches were evident in only 2 specimens. Moreover, several segmental branches and polar arteries were found in the spleen of different ages. The distance between the splenic artery (before giving its lobar branches) and the hilum of the spleen were found 2.99±0.73 cm, 3.79±1.43 cm and 3.51±1.66 cm in group A, B and C respectively. However, the difference was not statistically significant among the study groups. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v26i1.21305 Medicine Today 2014 Vol.26(1): 15-17
Clinical, Bacteriological Profile & Outcome of Neonatal Sepsis in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Raha Biplob Kumar , Baki Md Abdul , Begum Tahmina , Nahar Nazmun , Jahan Nasim , Begum Marium
Published: December 2014

Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in newborn, particularly in developing countries. The spectrum of bacteria which causes neonatal sepsis varies in different parts of the world. The organisms responsible for early onset and late onset sepsis are different. The objective of the study was undertaken to determine the pattern of bacterial isolates responsible for early and late onset neonatal sepsis based on the presence of one or more clinical signs, and its outcome. A cross- sectional prospective study was carried out in the special care baby unit (SCABU) from November 2008 to September 2009 under department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Organisms were isolated from 8.9% of collected blood samples. The male female ratio of culture proven sepsis was 1.7:1. Most of the culture proven septic neonates(71.88%) were preterm & 65.63% had low birth weight. The most frequent clinical presentations of patients with culture-proven sepsis were poor moro reflex (92.2%), feeding intolerance (90.6%), jaundice (87.5%), abdominal distention (76.6%), and lathergy (73.4%). The Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria accounted for 6 (9.4% ) and 58 (90.6%) of the isolates respectively. Around two third of the culture-proven septic neonates (70.3%) presented with early onset sepsis, while 29.7% presented with late onset sepsis. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common pathogen both in early onset (31.25%) and late onset (6.25%) sepsis. Serratia (18.75%) was the second most common pathogen in early onset sepsis. Total mortality rate was 9.38%. Preterm, low birth weight and Gram negative sepsis contributes majority of mortality. Gram negative organism especially Klebsiella pneumoniae contributed highest in early onset sepsis and neonatal death (6.25%) due to sepsis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v26i1.21306 Medicine Today 2014 Vol.26(1): 18-21
Fvc, Fev1 and Fev1/Fvc % in Female SLE Patients and Their Relationship with Duration of the Disease
Authors: Hussain Dilroze , Begum Shelina , Ali Taskina , Ahmed Mohammed Nesar Uddin , Farzana Refat
Published: December 2014

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder which affects multiple organs of human including lungs. To assess FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC % in SLE patients and to correlate them with the duration of the disease. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, BSMMU, Dhaka, from January 2010 to December 2010. A total number of 120 female subjects were selected, among which 30 were age and BMI matched apparently healthy subjects for comparison (control) and 90 were patients of SLE ( study group) . Ages of all the patients were ranged from 20 to 50 years and they were matched in terms of age, sex and BMI. Based on the duration of the disease, patients were subdivided into B1 (1-6 months), B2 (2-5 years) and B3 (6-10 years). Controls were selected from the community and the patients from the Out Patient Department (OPD) of SLE clinic, Department of Medicine, BSMMU, Dhaka. Lung function were assessed by measuring Forced vital capacity (FVC), Forced expiratory volume in 1st second (FEV1), Forced expiratory ratio (FEV1/FVC%) with a Digital MicroDL spirometer. For statistical analysis Independent Sample t test, One way ANOVA test and Pearsons correlation coefficient test were performed as applicable. The mean percentage of predicted values of lung function parameters in healthy female subjects were within normal ranges. The mean percentage of predicted values of FVC, FEV1 were significantly lower in all study groups when compared to control. Again, the mean percentage of predicted values of FVC, FEV1 significantly lower in the patients of Group B3 compared to Group B2 except FVC which were non significantly lower. Moreover, these comparisons were significantly lower when compared to Group B1. The differences of the mean percentage of predicted values of FVC, FEV1 were significantly lower in Group B2 when compare to Group B1. In addition, FVC and FEV1 were positively correlated in B2 and B3 when correlated with duration of SLE. All these values were statistically non significant. In addition The mean percentage of predicted values of FEV1/ FVC% were almost similar and the differences among the groups were statistically non-significant. Pulmonary function decrease in SLE female and the reduction is inconsistently associated with duration of the disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v26i1.21307 Medicine Today 2014 Vol.26(1): 22-27
Effects of Back Muscle Strengthening Exercises in Patients with Chronic Non Specific Low Back Pain- A Clinical Trial
Authors: Rahman Md Mahmudur , Rashid Md Imamur , Shakoor MA
Published: December 2014

A randomized clinical trial was done to find out the effects of back muscle strengthening exercises in patients with chronic non specific low back pain (CNLBP). A total of 60 patients were included. They were divided into two groups, control group and interventional group by randomization with the way of lottery. Control group ( Group-B) was treated with non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), activities of daily living (ADLs) instructions and warm moist compression. Experimental group ( Group-A) was treated with NSAIDs), activities of daily living (ADLs) instructions, warm moist compression along with back muscle strengthening exercises. Initial evaluation and three follow up visits was given at two weeks, six weeks and twelve weeks. Measurement of pain intensity was performed by Visual Analogue scale (VAS). Student t test and chi-square (X2) test was done to see the level of significance whenever it is necessary. A probability value (p) of less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. There was no significant improvement in pretreatment, after 2 weeks and after 6 weeks between two groups. But after 12 weeks follow up exercises group exhibited significant improvement than the control group (P<0.001) So, it can be concluded that back muscle strengthening exercises is effective to improve the patients with CNLBP. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v26i1.21309 Medicine Today 2014 Vol.26(1): 28-30
Comparative Efficacy of the Combination of Topical Betamethasone Dipropionate and Calcipotriene with Betamethasone Dipropionate and Calcipotriene Alone in the Treatment of Localized Vitiligo
Authors: Alam Mohd Nurul , Wahab Md Abdul , Husain Md Anwar , Khondker Lubna , Ahmad Gulam Kazem Ali , Chakraborty Anjana
Published: December 2014

Vitiligo is an acquired skin disorder characterized by welldefined white patches that are often symmetrically distributed. The study was conducted to compare the efficacy of the combination of topical betamethasone dipropionate and calcipotriene with betamethasone dipropionate and calcipotriene alone in the treatment of localized vitiligo. A clinical trial was carried out with the patients of vitiligo from January 2012 to August 2012. In group A, 20 patients were applied betamethasone dipropionate cream 0.05% and topical calcipotriene ointment (0.005%), in group B, 20 patients were applied betamethasone dipropionate cream 0.05% only; In group C, 20 patients were applied calcipotriene ointment 0.005% alone. From base line percentage reduction of total lesion in 1st follow up in group A, group B and group C were 20%, 15% and 10% respectively. At 3rd follow up in group A, group B and group C it was 50%, 37% and 30% and at 5th follow up, it was 80%, 75% and 65% respectively. ANOVA test was done and found significant difference of reduction of total lesion of vitiligo among the groups (p< 0.05). At the completion of the study, each patient was separately graded the treated sides  on a 6-point ordinal scale based on a global estimate of the change in vitiligo and found that, the very much improvement were 70%, 55% and 45%, much improvement were 20%, 30% and 35% and improvement were 10%, 15% and 20% in group A, group B and group C respectively. ANOVA test was found significant difference of success rate of patients of localized vitiligo among the groups (p value 0.005). Both the drugs, calcipotriene and betamethasone dipropionate when used individually, were found to be equally effective in the treatment of vitiligo, but the combination of the two was found to be superior in efficacy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v26i1.21310 Medicine Today 2014 Vol.26(1): 31-35
Efficacy of Topical Mometasone Furoate 0.1% Cream in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Islam Md Zafrul , Ali Mohammad Eakub , Wahab Md Abdul , Khondker Lubna , Siddique Mohammad Rahmat Ullah
Published: December 2014

A clinical trial was carried out in the department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka to evaluate the efficacy of Mometasone Furoate 0.1% cream in atopic dermatitis. Forty patients of atopic dermatitis were selected and randomized into two groups. In Group I, study patients were applied Mometasone Furoate 0.1% cream to the affected skin and in Group II, control patients were allowed to apply white vaseline to the affected skin. SCORAD index was assessed fortnightly at 2nd and 3rdvisit and final SCORAD index were calculated at the end of 4 week (3rd visit). In the study, at base line SCORAD index in case group was 49.76 ± 17.25 and in control group was 55.25 ± 13.94 (p>0.05). At 2nd visit that is at the end of 2 (two) weeks of medication SCORAD in case group was 27.39 ± 11.16 and in control group was 50.05 ± 14.69 (p=0.001) and at 3rd visit that is at the end of 4 (four) weeks of medication in case group SCORAD was 12.08 ± 6.87 and in control group was 46.70 ± 14.80 (p=0.001). Percent of reduction of SCORAD from 1st visit to 3rd visit in case group was 76.70 ± 8.10 and in control group was 16.88 ± 8.70 (p=0.001) which indicates satisfactory improvement and statistically significant. It can be concluded that once daily application of mometasone furoate 0.1% cream is effective in atopic dermatitis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v26i1.21311 Medicine Today 2014 Vol.26(1): 36-40