bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La zona de El Rincón como bastión de resistencia ante la presión urbanística: una aproximación a su singular régimen jurídico-administrativo de protección
Authors:   Universidad de La Laguna (España), Casanova Martín Laura
Published: April 2023

This paper is focused on studying the singular administrative legal framework that protects the area of El Rincon, in La Orotava (Tenerife). Protected by a singular law, originated in a popular legislative initiative, El Rincon remains being governed by a Special Development Plan, published in 1997. Even though the Law was initially passed provisionally, until a legal category that allowed the conservation and protection of the joined environmentallandscape and agricultural values was found; this category remains inexistent, meaning that this particular legal framework is still valid. Throughout this paper, this Law and its Special Plan are deeply studied, concluding with a last remark made to the crime against land management and urban planning regulated in article 319.1 of the Penal Code. It is considered especially relevant since it is applied to protected land, due to landscape values taken in consideration by a law, as is the case of El Rincon.
Impactos da dieta vegetariana em crianças e adolescentes
Authors: Coelho Isadora Estefânio , Barros Ana Karoline Coutinho , Coelho Maria Eduarda Estefânio , Salgarello Nara Assis , Machado Hussen , Salgarello Larissa Stefani
Published: April 2023

Objetivo: Avaliar, através de uma revisão da literatura, os impactos das dietas vegetarianas e veganas em crianças e adolescentes.  Revisão Bibliográfica: A ingestão de produtos horto-frutícolas por crianças e adolescentes aparenta estar relacionada a uma proteção contra as obesidades geral e abdominal. Contudo, elas possivelmente apresentam um maior risco de deficiências nutricionais, acarretando riscos à saúde. Observou-se que crianças vegetarianas e veganas apresentaram similaridade na ingestão energética e no índice de massa corpórea, quando comparadas às onívoras. Entretanto, veganos apresentaram menores concentrações de eritrócitos, hemoglobina, hematócrito e ferritina. De maneira geral, demonstrou-se associação entre o padrão alimentar vegetariano e a prevenção de doenças. Considerações finais: A alimentação e a suplementação bem planejadas e orientadas aos infantes podem ser significativamente benéficas, evitando futuras complicações à saúde. Contudo, são necessários novos estudos sobre essa temática avaliando as consequências metabólicas a longo prazo, uma vez que dados precisos acerca da segurança do vegetarianismo e veganismo na infância ainda são escassos.
Engineered probiotic boosts cancer therapy
Authors: Larasati Yonika
Published: April 2023

Nowadays, one of the main treatments for cancer is cancer immunotherapy. This therapy boosts a patient's immune system to fight cancer. A recent study attempts to help more patients benefit from this therapy, by engineering a probiotic to boost the effect of cancer immunotherapy.
РОЛЬ АКТИВАТОРОВ БРОЖЕНИЯ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ КАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ФРУКТОВЫХ (ПЛОДОВЫХ) ДИСТИЛЛЯТОВ
Authors: Дубинина Елена Васильевна , Крикунова  Людмила Николаевна Крикунова  Людмила Николаевна
Published: April 2023

Вопросы повышения качества и рентабельности производства фруктовых (плодовых) дистиллятов и плодовых водок на их основе являются актуальным направлением исследований. Для решения существующих проблем предлагаются различные технологические приемы, одним из которых является использование активаторов брожения. Цель настоящей работы состояла в исследовании влияния активаторов брожения на выход дистиллята из сброженной кизиловой мезги и его качественные характеристики. В качестве объектов исследования использовали образцы водных экстрактов пяти активаторов брожения различного состава, а также контрольные и опытные образцы дистиллятов, полученных из разных партий кизила без использования и с использованием испытуемых активаторов. Изучено влияние активной кислотности на растворимость отдельных компонентов активаторов брожения. Показано, что подкисление до рН 3,2–3,5 приводит к повышению растворимости белка на 10–19 %, аминного азота – на 4–13 %, фосфора – на 24–33 %, по сравнению с нейтральной средой. Показано, что выход дистиллята в пересчете на безводный спирт зависит от особенностей физико-химического состава используемого активатора брожения. Исследован состав летучих компонентов и определена органолептическая характеристика контрольных и опытных образцов дистиллятов. С использованием корреляционного анализа выбраны в качестве маркеров для оценки влияния состава активаторов брожения на качество кизилового дистиллята следующие показатели: массовые концентрации ацетальдегида и метанола, а также соотношение «сумма энантовых эфиров / сумма сложных эфиров». Установлена высокая степень зависимости выбранных маркеров от концентрации растворимых форм белка и фосфора в активаторе брожения.
РАЗРАБОТКА ХЛЕБОБУЛОЧНОГО ИЗДЕЛИЯ ПОВЫШЕННОЙ ПИЩЕВОЙ ЦЕННОСТИ
Authors: Божко  Светлана Дмитриевна Божко  Светлана Дмитриевна , Ершова  Татьяна Анатольевна Ершова  Татьяна Анатольевна , Чернышова  Анна Николаевна Чернышова  Анна Николаевна , Ли Наталья Гаврошевна
Published: April 2023

Расширение ассортимента хлебобулочных изделий за счет введения в рецептуру компонентов, способствующих улучшению их потребительских свойств, модифицирующих их состав, является актуальным направлением. Работа посвящена разработке рецептуры хлебобулочного изделия повышенной пищевой ценности и расширению ассортимента обогащенных хлебобулочных изделий. Состав для производства хлебобулочного изделия включает муку пшеничную высшего сорта, конопляную и кунжутную полуобезжиренную муку, соль пищевую, сахар-песок, дрожжи быстродействующие инстантные, воду питьевую. Составлены мучные композитные смеси, включающие пшеничную муку высшего сорта, конопляную и кунжутную обезжиренную муку в соотношениях, (%): 90‒92 / 4‒5 / 4‒5 (образец 1); 80‒82 / 9‒10 / 9‒10 (образец 2); 70‒72 / 14‒15 / 14‒15 (образец 3); 60‒62 / 19‒20 / 19‒20 (образец 4). Процесс производства хлебобулочных изделий включает в себя замес теста, брожение, разделку теста, выпечку изделий. Замес теста осуществляли безопарным способом, выпечку при стандартных технологических режимах. Исходя из анализа физико-химических показателей и органолептической оценки был выбран образец, обладающий наилучшими показателями, с соотношением мука пшеничная в/с, мука конопляная, мука кунжутная, (%): 70‒72 / 14‒15 / 14‒15. Добавление конопляной и кунжутной муки в заявленном количестве способствует повышению пищевой ценности, положительно влияет на органолептические показатели изделия. В разработанном образце увеличивается количественное содержание белков, жиров, витаминно-минерального комплекса и пищевых волокон. А также улучшаются органолептические показатели, добавление кунжутной муки придает готовому изделию приятный запах и ореховый вкус.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА НЕРАФИНИРОВАННЫХ МАСЕЛ ЧИА РАЗНЫХ ТОРГОВЫХ МАРОК
Authors: Наумова  Наталья Леонидовна Наумова  Наталья Леонидовна , Бец  Юлия Александровна Бец  Юлия Александровна
Published: April 2023

Масло из семян чиа (Salvia hispanica L.)остается новинкой для российского рынка, реализуется в основном через систему интернет-продаж и зачастую не сопровождается документами о качестве. Целью исследования явилась сравнительная оценка качества и пищевой ценности нерафинированных масел чиа торговых марок«Ufeelgood» (проба 1) и «Сибирская клетчатка» (проба 2).Органолептические свойства образцов масла были идентифицированы как характерные для продукта данного вида.Фактические уровни ПЧ и КЧ,влаги и летучих веществ не превысили регламентированных норм ТР ТС 024/11 и Codex Alimentarius. Сodex Stan 210-1999. Уровни жирных кислот входили в свойственные числовые интервалы, основные жирные кислоты были ранжированы в последовательности: α‑линоленовая > линолевая > пальмитиновая ∼ олеиновая > стеариновая кислоты, соотношение ω-6:ω-3 ПНЖК составило 1:3, что в совокупностибыло характерным для липидного профиля масла чиа. В пробе 1 выявлен более разнообразный состав ПНЖК семейств ω-3 и ω-6 за счет дополнительного содержания эйкозадиеновой, эйкозатриеновой, арахидоновой и докозагексаеновой кислот.При этом уровень транс-изомеров жирных кислот был на 15,8 % выше, но не превысил допустимого предела согласно ТР ТС 024/2011.Проба 2 отличалась преимуществом в количестве полифенолов (в 9,3 раза), стоимости товара (цена ниже в 3,4 раза), но уступала по величине АОА (на 21,2 %) образцу-конкуренту. Присутствие эруковой кислоты (0,040 ± 0,001 %)в пробе 1 и высокий уровень ά-токоферола (343,96 ± 9,03 мг/кг)в пробе 2 требуют проведения дополнительных исследований для исключения возможности фальсификации.Установлено несоответствие обеих проб нетрадиционного масла требованиям ТР ТС 024/2011 в части полноты потребительской маркировки, что является недопустимым и позволяет изъять их из товарооборота.
ОЦЕНКА ЭЛЕКТРОФИЗИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК НАПОЛНЕННЫХ МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫМ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИМ УГЛЕРОДОМ КОМПОЗИЦИОННЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ С ПОМО-ЩЬЮ МЕТОДА ЛОКАЛЬНЫХ БИНАРНЫХ ШАБЛОНОВ
Authors: Минакова Наталья Николаевна
Published: April 2023

Резистивные полимерные композиционные материалы применяются в электроэнергетике, электрофизике и т.д. Неоднородная структура таких материалов, определяющая их свой-ства, затрудняет прогнозирование характеристик. Поэтому актуален поиск новых подходов к оценке свойств резистивных полимерных композиционных материалов Рассматриваются резистивные полимерные композиционные материалы на основе каучу-ков с модификацией поверхности технического углерода, в которые свойства во многом фор-мируются за счет регулирования степени агломерирования технического углерода и межфаз-ных взаимодействий между электропроводящим и связующим компонентами. Предложена оценка действия этих эффектов на структуру материалов по гистограммам текстур изоб-ражения макроструктуры с использованием метода локальных бинарных шаблонов. Применя-лись одноканальная и трехканальная (модель RGB) гистограммы. Для сравнения гистограмм структур рассчитывались расстояния Бхаттачария и Кульбака–Лейблера. Показана коррект-ность их применения к изображениям структур, наполненных техническим углеродом каучуков для оценки величины объемного электрического сопротивления и его изменения при эксплуата-ционных воздействиях (температура, агрессивная среда, сжимающая нагрузка). Сделан вывод о том, что использование в расчетах расстояния Кульбака–Лейблера при сравнении изображе-ний структур лучше отражает динамику электрофизических характеристик материалов при рассмотренных эксплуатационных воздействиях, чем сравнение гистограмм по расстоянию Бхаттачария
Changes in length of period of the spawning run for pacific salmons in the rivers in the north of Primorsky Territory
Authors: Barabanschikov E. I.
Published: April 2023

Comparative data on changes in structure and length of the spawning run for chum salmon, cherry salmon and pink salmon in the rivers of the northern part of Primorsky Territory are presented for 1998–2022. Appearance of new seasonal groups is noted for all these species. Length of the periods of spawning has become longer.
Monitoring survey on run of spawners of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha by means of UAV in the spawning rivers of Sakhalin Island in 2022
Authors: Nikiforov A. I. , Gordeev I. I. , Ridiger A. V.
Published: April 2023

Monitoring of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) migration to the estuaries and spawning grounds in the rivers of southeastern and southwestern Sakhalin, including the Aniva Bay, was conducted in summer 2022 using a no-tipping technique with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Abilities, advantages and disadvantages of UAV use for such surveys are discussed to provide a scientific basis for improved management of salmon fishery in the Far East of Russia.
Analytical materials on commercial use of some rivers in the Shelikhov Bay in modern conditions
Authors: Khovanskaya L. L. , Barausov A. I.
Published: April 2023

Commercial capability of the certain rivers in Shelikhov Bay (Okhotsk Sea) is analyzed for modern conditions. The fishery load on stocks of pacific salmon and char in these rivers is estimated.
«Unfaithful» Pink salmon. Random or regularity?
Authors: Ostrovsky V. I. , Kozlova T. V.
Published: April 2023

The reasons of «failed» forecasts for catch of pink salmon at the mainland coast of the Tatar Strait are analyzed. The classical «stock–recruitment» models produce regular errors in the forecasts of runs of pacific salmon under changing conditions of reproduction. To reduce the prediction errors, these models should include parameters of meteorological conditions in the freshwater period of salmon life. In particular case of pink salmon in the Tatar Strait, a relationship is revealed between the year-class strength and precipitation in winter during the period of egg incubation. Including this factor to the model based on Ricker equation increases the proportion of certainty in the variance of recruitment by more than 30 %.
Route assessment of state of the spawning stock in the lower ritral of the Utesny creek (Paramushir Island, northern Kuril Islands, Sakhalin Region)
Authors: Uglovа T. Yu. , Dzen G. N. , Nikiforov A. I.
Published: April 2023

The route survey in the lower part of the Utesny creek (Paramushir Island) was conducted to explore the state of spawning grounds for pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and to examine their filling by spawners. The spawners were subjected to biological analysis with measuring their morphometric and physiological parameters. Besides, the data on granulometric composition of soils on the spawning grounds were updated.
On the binding energy of atoms in crystals and the speed of sound
Authors: Dall'Osso Aldo
Published: April 2023

The speed of sound depends on the structure and on the material properties of the crystal, such as the density and the Young’s modulus. On the other hand, from atomistic arguments it is possible to link the Young’s modulus to other material properties. These observations drive to a relation between the binding energy of the atoms in a crystal (which is one of the parameters appearing in the Mie-Lennard-Jones potential), the speed of sound in the longitudinal direction and the mass of one atom in the lattice. Applications of this relation to rare gases, some metals and some rare earths are presented and the results compared to others taken from literature.
Ab Initio Study of Charge Separation Dynamics and Pump–Probe Spectroscopy in the P3HT/PCBM Blend
Authors: Fujita Takatoshi , Hoshi Takeo
Published: April 2023

We develop a computational method for excited-state dynamics and time-resolved spectroscopy signals in molecular aggregates, on the basis of ab initio excited-state calculations. As an application, we consider the charge separation dynamics and pump--probe spectroscopy in the amorphous P3HT/PCBM blend. To simulate quantum dynamics and time-resolved spectroscopy, the model Hamiltonian for single-excitation and double-excitation manifolds was derived on the basis of fragment-based excited-state calculations within the GW approximation and the Bethe--Salpeter equation. After elucidating the energetics of the electron--hole separation and examining linear absorption spectrum, we investigated the quantum dynamics of exciton and charge carriers in comparison with the pump--probe transient absorption spectra. In particular, we introduced the pump--probe excited-state absorption (ESA) anisotropy as a spectroscopic signature of charge carrier dynamics after exciton dissociation. We found that the charge separation dynamics can be probed by the pump--probe ESA anisotropy dynamics after charge-transfer excitations. The present study provides the fundamental information for understanding the experimental spectroscopy signals, by elucidating the relationship between the excited states, the exciton and charge carrier dynamics, and the time-resolved spectroscopy.
N-terminal cysteine as minimalistic handle for dual, site-selective bioconjugation: application to an anti-HER2 affibody reveals synergy of two conjugated drugs
Authors: Novak Ana , Kersaudy Florian , Berger Sylvie , Morisset-Lopez Séverine , Lefoulon François , Pifferi Carlo , Aucagne Vincent
Published: April 2023

Site-selective, dual-conjugation approaches for the incorporation of distinct payloads are key for the development of molecularly targeted biomolecules, such as antibody conjugates, endowed with better properties. Combinations of cytotoxic drugs, imaging probes, or pharmacokinetics modulators enabled for improved outcomes in both molecular imaging, and therapeutic settings. We have developed an efficacious dual-bioconjugation strategy to target the N-terminal cysteine of a chemically-synthesized third-generation anti-HER2 affibody. Such two-step, one-purification approach can be carried out under mild conditions (without chaotropic agents, neutral pH) by means of a slight excess of commercially available N-hydroxysuccinimidyl- and maleimido-functionalized payloads, to generate dual conjugates displaying drugs (DM1/MMAE) or probes (sulfo-Cy5/biotin) in high yields and purity. Remarkably, the double drug conjugate exhibits an exacerbated cytoxicity against HER2-expressing cell lines as compared to a combination of two monoconjugates, demonstrating a potent synergistic effect.
Enhancement of the Solar Water Splitting Efficiency Mediated by Surface Segregation in Ti-doped Hematite Nanorods
Authors: Stanescu Stefan , Alun Théo , Dappe Yannick J. , Ihiawakrim Dris , Ersen Ovidiu , Stanescu Dana
Published: April 2023

Band engineering is employed thoroughly and targets technologically scalable photoanodes for solar water splitting applications. Complex and costly recipes are necessary, often for average performances. Here we report simple photoanode growth and thermal annealing, with effective band engineering results. By comparing Ti-doped hematite photoanodes annealed under Nitrogen to photoanodes annealed in air, we found strongly enhanced photocurrent, of more than 200 % in the first case. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and synchrotron X-rays spectromicroscopies we demonstrate that oxidized surface states and increased density of charge carriers are responsible for the enhanced photoelectrochemical activity. Surface states are found to be related to the formation of pseudo-brookite clusters by surface Ti segregation. Spectro-ptychography is used for the first time at Ti L3 absorption edge to isolate Ti chemical coordination arising from pseudo-brookite clusters contribution. Correlated with electron microscopy investigation and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, the synchrotron spectromicroscopy data prove unambiguously the origin of the better photoelectrochemical activity of N2- annealed Ti-doped hematite nanorods. Finally, we present here a handy and cheap surface engineering method, beyond the known oxygen vacancy doping, allowing a net gain in the photoelectrochemical activity for the hematite-based photoanodes.
Computational Insights into Ligand Influences on Hydrogen Generation with [Cp*Rh] Hydrides
Authors: Balduf Ty , Blakemore James , Caricato Marco
Published: April 2023

This work reports a computational investigation of the effect of ancillary ligands on the activity of a Rh catalyst for hydrogen evolution based on the [Cp*Rh] motif (Cp* = η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl). Specifically, we investigate why a bipyridyl (bpy) ligand leads to H2 generation but diphenylphosphino-based (dpp) ligands do not. We compare the full ligands to simplified models and systematically vary structural features to ascertain their effect on the reaction energy of each catalytic step. The calculations, based on density functional theory, show that the main effect on reactivity is the choice of linker atom, followed by its coordination. In particular, P stabilizes the intermediate Rh-hydride species by donating electron density to the Rh, thus inhibiting the reaction towards H2 generation. Conversely N, a more electron withdrawing center, favors H2 generation at the price of destabilizing the hydride intermediate, which cannot be isolated experimentally and makes determining the mechanism for this reaction more difficult. We also find that steric effects of bulky substituents on the main ligand scaffold can lead to large effects on the reactivity, which may be challenging to fine-tune. On the other hand, structural features like the bite angle of the bidentate ligand have a much smaller impact on reactivity. Therefore, we propose that the choice of linker atom is key for the catalytic activity of this species, which can be further fine-tuned by a proper choice of electron-directing groups on the ligand scaffold.
Cognitive decline in diabetic mice predisposed to Alzheimer’s disease is greater than in wild type
Authors: Carús-Cadavieco Marta , Berenguer López Inés , Montoro Canelo Alba , Serrano-Lope Miguel A , González-de la Fuente Sandra , Aguado Begoña , Fernández-Rodrigo Alba , Saido Takaomi C , Frank García Ana , Venero César , Esteban José A , Guix Francesc , Dotti Carlos G
Published: April 2023

In this work, we tested the hypothesis that the development of dementia in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) requires a genetic background of predisposition to neurodegenerative disease. As a proof of concept, we induced T2DM in middle-aged hAPP NL/F mice, a preclinical model of Alzheimer’s disease. We show that T2DM produces more severe behavioral, electrophysiological, and structural alterations in these mice compared with wild-type mice. Mechanistically, the deficits are not paralleled by higher levels of toxic forms of Aβ or by neuroinflammation but by a reduction in γ-secretase activity, lower levels of synaptic proteins, and by increased phosphorylation of tau. RNA-seq analysis of the cerebral cortex of hAPP NL/F and wild-type mice suggests that the former could be more susceptible to T2DM because of defects in trans-membrane transport. The results of this work, on the one hand, confirm the importance of the genetic background in the severity of the cognitive disorders in individuals with T2DM and, on the other hand, suggest, among the involved mechanisms, the inhibition of γ-secretase activity.
Force majeure need for humanity to turn to nootechnology and nooecology
Authors: Korsak K. V. , Korsak Y. K.
Published: April 2023

We see the relevance of this article in the study of existing scientific papers on the prevention of global dangers. The population of Homo Sapiens Sapienses is growing quantitatively, increasing the rate of destruction of the natural environment and accelerating the movement to total collapse. Scientists around the world create only "appeals" and warnings of danger, even the UN decisions and the three environmental forums in 1992, 2002 and 2012 do not indicate real means of salvation.

Purpose. A critical analysis of existing forecasts for the future and environmental projects and plans. The objectives of the study are to propose a real way to save humanity through the replacement of modern industrial and smart technologies with environmentally friendly production and social nooprocesses, development and use of noosciences, in particular, nooecology. The research methodology is based on the achievements of many classical and very young sciences, on the basis of which we build our proposal to create and use a large group of noosciences that form the author's nooglossary. The main ones are noointegral, systemic and noohistorical methods within the perspective principle of global evolutionism with transdisciplinary approaches.

Results. Evidence that in the flow of nanotechnology since 2000 environmentally friendly, which we propose to call "wise" ̶ nootechnology began to appear. They are few and the number is growing very slowly. Such technologies are considered impossible and are not included in national or world plans and projects. We present a fragment of our "Nooglossary", which contains "terms from the future". Unfortunately, it did not attract the attention of humanity, like the emotional & populist eco-declarations of Greta Thunberg, a girl from Sweden.

Conclusion. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, we hope to use the little-known project "Plan S" to inform humanity about the existence of saving nootechnologies and noosciences. There was a force majeure need to immediately create not only nooecology, but also all the necessary noosciences. We claim that the nooera has already begun, but humanity has not yet noticed it. The UN Plan "17 Goals for Sustainable Development" should be transformed into a global document for the implementation of the noosymbiosis of humanity and the biosphere, and finally, to build the noosphere.
The concept of agroecosystems as a theoretical basis of ecologically tolerant nature management
Authors: Sonko S. P. , Maksymenko N. V. , Vasylenko O. V. , Hurskiy I. M. , Shyian D. V. , Zozulia I. I.
Published: April 2023

Purpose. The main goal of the authors was to prove the suitability of the concept of noosphere ecosystems to interpret not only ecological phenomena and processes, but also phenomena of socio-natural content, and, subsequently, possibly geopolitical processes, in particular, spatial expansion of certain ethnic groups.

Methods. In the course of our research a set of methodological approaches and scientific methods was used. The set of methods includes: empirical, which was implemented in the sequential implementation of the following operations: observation, modeling, forecasting; comparative – was implemented while comparing the main functions of natural and agroecosystems.

Results. The formation of agricultural areas is the second stage in the transformation of natural ecosystems into agroecosystems. The main assumption of our work is the possibility of the existence of an agricultural system that has a dual character of borders. Our assumption was tested on the territory of Kharkiv region – one of the most developed agricultural territories of Ukraine. Based on the assumption that soil is both a condition and a result of human agricultural activity, as well as the fact that it connects natural and economic boundaries of agroecosystems in space-time, we calculated the balance of matter in the soil and coefficient of ecological danger. Mapping the values ​​of the coefficient of ecological danger showed that out of 429 farms in the region, only 7 farms have values ​​of the coefficient more than 1. This means that under the conditions of intensive agriculture there is a constant shortage of matter and energy, which leads to a negative balance of humus in the soil. According to the author's concept, one of the main causes of environmental problems lies in the different rates of development of nature and society.

Conclusions. The “memory” of the former structurally and informationally unchanging biosphere is embedded in agroecosystems. According to modern notions of rhizome, such a memory is soil. Such “memory” at the level of agroecosystems provides self-regulation of the “human ecosystem” through both direct regulation of the human population (disease, war) and indirect impact on planetary spatial structures. In particular, due to the preservation of certain proportions between the territories with “naturalized” and “commodity” economy.
Nature reserve foundation of Skibovy Gorgany: structure and prospects of optimization (Ukrainian Carpathians)
Authors: Brusak V. P. , Popyk D. I.
Published: April 2023

Purpose. Revealing of the structure and features of the nature reserve fund (NRF) of Skibovy Gorgany and the prospects for its optimization.

Methods. Field, processing of environmental services` fund materials, statistical and geospatial analysis, cartographic.

Results. The fund materials of environmental services have been processed, the structure has been established and specific features of Skibovy Gorgany nature reserve fund have been clarified. There are 190 objects of the nature reserve fund with total area of 62,961.3 hectares in Skibovy Gorgany. The structure of the NRF was analyzed by categories, area and number of protected objects, their level of importance and objects of protection. Brief description and a complete list of categories of the nature reserve fund are given. The list and characteristics of unique and valuable inanimate nature objects of Skibovy Gorgany as a kind of natural region of the Ukrainian Carpathians and within the nature reserve "Gorgany" are given. The problems of development are pointed out and the ways of improving the protection of valuable geomorphological objects by creating new objects and expanding the existing nature reserves of the Skibovy Gorgany NRF are suggested.

Conclusions. There are few protected sites in Skibovy Gorgany, aiming to preserve valuable inanimate natural objects, especially geomorphological ones. Among the latter, within the Ukrainian Carpathians the following valuable objects should be identified: fields of stone placers and glacial boilers (сirque), large landslides and screes, rock outcrops, canyon-like areas of river valleys with rapids, mudflow cones. It could be proposed to create the Regional Landscape Park in the area of the Syvulyansky mountain range and the Rushchyna montane meadow with tract “Peklo” and the sources of the Bystritsa Solotvynska River.
Assessment of the recreation potential of the regional landscape park “Murafa”
Authors: Mudrak O. V. , Gаnchuк M. M. , Mudrak G. V. , Serebryakov V. V. , Shevchenko I. А. , Hayetsky G. S.
Published: April 2023

Purpose. To determine the recreational potential of the regional landscape park "Murafa" and to develop an algorithm of actions to increase its suitability for health, recreation and tourism.

Methods. Field, cartographic, statistical, system, analytical.

Results. It was determined that for the improvement and development of the functional-spatial network of objects and territories of the Eastern Podillia nature reserve fund, the existing four regional landscape parks "Murafa", "Dniester", "Middle Pobuzhya" and "Nemyrivske Pobuzhzhya" can serve as "recreational core", they make up 0.69% of the total area of the region and 30.2% of the total area of its natural reserve fund. The orographic, climatic, hydrological, landscape and aesthetic conditions were analyzed, as well as the level of accessibility of the RLP "Murafa" for the population and the development of transport and recreational infrastructure, the recreational potential of the territory was calculated. It was established that it is at the level of 57% - the potential of an average level for recreation.

Conclusions. For the full scale development of recreational activities on the territory of the RLP "Murafa", it is necessary to take into account the organization of tourist and recreational activities, as well as the protection of natural and cultural values that complement active recreation. It is necessary to take a set of measures to prevent and reduce the anthropogenic pressure on the components of the environment and various types of ecosystems.
Rural settlement as a factor of administrative and territorial changes (on the example of Zakarpattia and Chernivtsi regions)
Authors: Skliarska O. I.
Published: April 2023

Purpose: to analyze the features of rural settlement in Zakarpattia and Chernivtsi regions and to identify its influence on the formation and functioning of territorial communities and districts of these regions.

Methods. comparative-geographical, statistical, analytical method, structural-functional approach

Results: the rural settlement network of the Zakarpattia and Chernivtsi regions was analyzed from a socio-geographic point of view, taking into account the similarity of natural and geographical conditions, historical, ethno-geographical aspects of the formation of settlements and modern socio-spatial processes in the regions. It is noted that the regions have a number of common features of rural settlement, in particular, high density and average population of settlements in the plain part and zones of dispersed settlement in mountainous areas, which must be taken into account in the process of formation of territorial communities. It is noted that according to the results of the ATU reform in the regions, rural communities absolutely prevail. This will contribute to the preservation of the demographic and socio-economic potential of rural settlements - community centers, however, in remote peripheral and depressed areas, rural communities may not be able to cope financially and administratively given the limitations of their own resources. Possible positive and negative consequences of the impact of the reform on changes in inter-settlement relations, functions of settlements, and their further development are identified and summarized.

Conclusions: Intra-regional differences in rural settlement are an important factor in administrative-territorial changes and were taken into account in the process of formation of territorial communities and new districts. Most communities in both regions are rural; the settlements that became their centers received broad powers and prospects for development. In today's conditions, most rural communities cannot take advantage of the opportunities of decentralization due to the limited socio-economic potential of settlements. According to indicators of economic activity, these communities are mostly subsidized and require significant investment income. The development of rural areas will contribute to the strengthening of the grassroots link of the administrative-territorial system.
Regulation of economic activities on ponds and reservoirs in the Nichlava river basin
Authors: Melnik Y. T. , Tsaryk L. P. , Kuzyk I. R.
Published: April 2023

Economic development of the territories of small river basins, high anthropogenic load, and flow regulation is correlated with the number of ponds and reservoirs on the river or in its basin. In order to optimize use of natural resources and rational use of water resources in the basin of small rivers, regulation of economic activities on ponds and reservoirs is a relevant task. Since there are 3 reservoirs and more than 80 ponds in the Nichlava river basin, the problem of regulating their economic use is important and urgent from the point of view of revitalizing the water flow and ensuring balanced environmental management in the river basin.

Purpose. To assess the geoecological condition of ponds and reservoirs in the Nichlava River basin, to justify optimization measures for the regulation of their economic use and exploitation.

Methods. Expeditionary, generalization and systematization, statistical, evaluation, geoecological analysis, system-structural, geo-informational, descriptive, landscape-ecological

Results.The peculiarities of the use of artificial water bodies (ponds and reservoirs) in the Nichlava River basin have been considered. Attention to the lack of complex use of resources of water bodies and coastal areas, their pollution and contamination has been drawn. The main sources of pollution and the risks associated with their activities have been indicated. The influence of communal enterprises of the city of Borshchiv on the ecological state of the Borshchiv reservoir during 2010-2020 has been analyzed. The results tend to decrease compared to previous years, although the level of pollution is still significant. The cut-off of part of the Tsyhanka river valley by the Mushkativ reservoir is the result of a malfunction of the locks. Plowing of the coastal areas and contamination of part of the catchment with poisonous chemicals from the fields is observed around the Kotiv reservoir. Ways to restore resources in the basins of small rivers and their effective use by local communities have been substantiated.

Conclusions.The processes of economic activity on ponds and reservoirs are becoming more active. Interrelationships between human activity and the geoecological state of ponds and reservoirs in the Nichlava River basin have been revealed. Among the key recommendations substantiated in the work, first of all, there is keeping to the rules of the operation of ponds and reservoirs, defined by the current legislation; restoration of coastal protective strips and water protection zones around reservoirs; reducing of the amounts of dumping of contaminated and insufficiently cleared wastewater into surface water bodies of the Nichlava River basin.
Formation factors of the demographic state of the population in the Lviv city
Authors: Petrovska M. A. , Petrovskyi S. V.
Published: April 2023

Purpose. To evaluate the demographic state of the population, as well as the socio-economic and ecological factors of its formation in the city of Lviv in the light of statistical indicators and own sociological research.

Methods. Statistical, comparative, questionnaire method. The processing of questionnaires was carried out with the help of the "OSA" software complex.

Results. As of January 1, 2020, the permanent population of Lviv was 717,700. The average age of the population tends to increase. Due to the aging of the population, there are structural changes in the demographic load. The birth rate is "low" according to the evaluation criteria of the main demographic indicators. In Lviv, a trend towards a decrease in the mortality rate of children under 1 year was observed. Lviv is also distinguished by the number of registered marriages per 1,000 of the existing population, where this indicator is almost 3 times higher than in Ukraine. The consumer behavior of households depends on gender and age characteristics, the presence of children in the family, the level of education and characteristics of household behavior. Buying expensive goods and saving for the purpose of making a profit is not typical for families with 4 or more children. For households without children, they can afford to buy expensive goods. The total indicator of the standard of living of the population in Lviv is significantly higher, compared to the Ukrainian average and the regional average.

Conclusions. The demographic state of Lviv is determined by the demogeographic position and various economic, social, cultural, religious and behavioral factors. Negative changes in certain factors increase the threat of depopulation, a decrease in the birth rate, an increase in mortality, an aging population, the burden of the elderly, and the loss of people of reproductive age.
Study of spatial-temporal peculiarities of the animal husbandry development in Ukraine
Authors: Melnychenko S. G. , Bohadorova L. M.
Published: April 2023

For several decades, negative trends have been visible in animal husbandry, which in the future may become prerequisites for a food crisis on the territory of Ukraine. That is why the study of spatial-temporal dynamics, as well as the selection of areas of specialization of individual branches of the animal husbandry sector, is quite important and relevant.

Purpose. To study the specialization of the animal husbandry complex of Ukraine and to identify sectoral disproportions in animal husbandry in the regions of Ukraine.

Methods: Statistical, cartographic, comparative-geographical.

Results. We have collected and analyzed the statistical materials of the Main Department of Statistics regarding livestock in the animal husbandry industry in Ukraine for 2009 and 2019. It was found that in all branches, except for poultry, there is a noticeable tendency to reduce livestock. On the basis of the collected statistical data, coefficients of specialization in the animal husbandry industry were calculated. According to the results of the calculations, maps were developed, on which the spatial-temporal trends of changes in the areas of specialization of the branches of the animal husbandry complex of Ukraine were highlighted. We identified the main reasons that negatively affected the development of animal husbandry in Ukraine, which included: insufficient state and financial support for the industry; decrease in the share of the rural working population; lack of subsidies for the animal husbandry industry; unprofitability of production; outdated material base and labor-intensive production.

Conclusions. According to the research results, it was found that the livestock number in the animal husbandry industry has a tendency to decrease over the last ten years. Positive dynamics are present only in the poultry industry.Identifying the reasons that led to negative trends in animal husbandry became a further basis for developing solutions that could solve these problems. These include: financial support of the industry and attraction of investments; state subsidies; development of selection and breeding business; updating the material and technical base.
Evaluation of the carbon capacity of single breed wood stands – elements of the green infrastructure of Kharkiv
Authors: Maksymenko N. V. , Burchenko S. V. , Shpakivska I. M. , Krotko A. S.
Published: April 2023

The value of the carbon capacity of the elements of the green infrastructure makes it possible to find out the amount of accumulated carbon in plants throughout their life, and, as a result, to establish the provision of the city with green spaces.

Purpose. To investigate the carbon capacity of the green infrastructure of the Kharkiv city.

Methods. Statistical, modeling methods, methods of measurement and comparison.

Results. Six objects of single-breed tree stands of the green infrastructure of the city of Kharkiv were studied: linear protective plantings, green boulevards, where the main species is maple (Acer platanoides) and on the territory of the objects of the nature reserve fund - a regional landscape park and a forest reserve, where the main the species is pedunculated oak (Quercus robur). It was determined that about 60-80% of the total amount of carbon accumulates in the living phytomass of plants, litter deposits from 1 to 7% of carbon, and the rest accumulates in the soil. In living phytomass, the largest share of carbon is accumulated in the trunk of the plant, and the smallest amount is in the leaves. There is a direct dependence of the amount of deposited carbon on the area of green spaces, which increases along with the increase in the area of the facility. The total mass of deposited carbon on six researched objects, with a total area of 252.1 ha, is 48357.47 t, or 191.84 t/ha.

Conclusions. A direct relationship between the area of green infrastructure objects and the amount of organic carbon deposited in them has been established. The most carbon accumulates in the living phytomass of plants, namely in the trunk of plants, and the least in the leaves of plants. Oak plantations store more carbon than maple plantations.
Environmental assessment of the water quality of the Kaniv reservoir
Authors: Bezsonnyi V. L. , Nekos A. N. , Sapun A. V.
Published: April 2023

Safe drinking water is a basic requirement for good health. Fresh water is already a limited resource in many parts of the world. In the next century, it will become even more limited due to population growth, urbanization and climate change.

Purpose. Provide a comprehensive assessment of the water quality of the Kaniv Reservoir based on the calculation of the Water Quality Index (WQI).

Methods. Analytical-synthetic method, geo-information (cartographic modeling), analysis of information sources, mathematical modeling.

Results. There is an increase in BOD, COD and dissolved oxygen content in the area of the Kaniv Reservoir from the hydropost 500 m above the Bortnytsky Aeration Station (BAS) to the hydropost 2 km below the Kanivska Hydropower Station’s dam. The only exception is the hydropost 500 m below the BAS, for which the corresponding values are the largest, and the BOD indicator exceeds the established standards by 1.5 times. Ammonium content 500 m below BAS exceeds the standards established by Directive 98/83/EC by almost 3 times. Exceeding the normative values for the content of sulfates and chlorides and suspended substances were not recorded. The least polluted water is observed at hydrostations located below Ukrainka and Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi. The highest value of the water quality index is 242, which is typical for the hydropost 500 m above the BAS and corresponds to the value of the worst quality.

Conclusions. It was in the immediate vicinity of the city of Kyiv that the water turned out to be the most polluted. This may indicate the imperfection of industrial, domestic and agricultural wastewater treatment systems. For the hydropost 500 m below the BAS, excesses of the normative values for the parameters of ammonium and BOD content were also recorded, while other parameters are either at the limit of the norm or approaching it. Studies of the water quality of the Kaniv Reservoir showed that its quality according to the WQI indicator varies from 59 to 242 (from low to the worst). Accordingly, such water, in the absence of another source, can be used for drinking after passing proper multi-stage purification.
Investigation of the Properties of First Nearest Neighbors’ Graphs
Authors: Kislitsyn A.A. A.A. , Orlov Yu.N. , Goguev M.V.
Published: April 2023

In this study we present a benchmark of statistical distributions of the first nearest neighbors in random graphs. We consider distribution of such graphs by the number of disconnected fragments, fragments by the number of involved nodes, and nodes by their degrees. The statements about the asymptotic properties of these distributions for graphs of large dimension are proved. The problem under investigation is to estimate the probability of realization of a certain structure of the first nearest neighbors graph depending on the distribution function of distances between the elements of the studied set. It is shown that, up to isomorphism, the graph of the first nearest neighbors does not depend on the distance distribution. This fact makes it possible to conduct numerical experiments on the construction of basic statistics based on a uniform distribution of distances and obtain tabulated data as a result of numerical modeling. We also discuss the approximation of the distribution of graph vertices by degrees, which allows us to estimate the proportion of randomness for a particular structure resulting from clustering elements of a certain set by the nearest neighbor method. The asymptotic analysis of the fragment distribution is discussed.
Computer and Physical Modeling for the Estimation of the Possibility of Application of Convolutional Neural Networks in Close-Range Photogrammetry
Authors: Pinchukov V.V. , Poroykov A.Yu. , Shmatko E.V. , Sivov N.Yu.
Published: April 2023

Close-range photogrammetry is widely used to measure the surface shape of various objects and its deformations. The classic approach for this is to use a stereo pair of images, which are captured from different angles using two digital video cameras. The surface shape is measured by triangulating a set of corresponding two-dimensional points from these images using a predetermined location of cameras relative to each other. Various algorithms are used to find these points. Several photogrammetry methods use cross-correlation for this purpose. This paper discusses the possibility of replacing the correlation algorithm with neural networks to determine displacements of small areas in the images. They allow increasing the calculation speed and the spatial resolution of the measurement results. To verify the possibility of using convolutional networks for photogrammetry tasks, computer and physical modeling were carried out. For the first test, a set of synthetically generated images representing images of the Particle Image Velocimetry method was used. The displacements of particles in the images are known, it allows to estimate the accuracy of processing of such images. For the second test, a series of experimental images with surfaces with different deformation was obtained. Computational experiments were performed to process synthetic and experimental images using selected neural networks and a classical cross-correlation algorithm. The limitations on the use of the compared algorithms were determined and their error in reconstructing the three-dimensional shape of the surface was evaluated. Computer and physical modeling have shown the operability and efficiency of neural networks for processing photogrammetry images.