bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influences of local materials on the building behavior and evaluation of the cooling loads
Authors:   Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Laboratory of Renewable Thermal Energies, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Amadou-Oumarou Fati , Ouédraogo Souleymane ,   Abdou Moumouni University, Faculté des Science et Techniques, departement de chimie Niamey, Niger, Sanembaye Adrien , Konfé Amadou , Ouédraogo Adama , Ouedraogo Salifou , Bathiébo Dieudonné Joseph
Published: June 2021

The energy demand in buildings sector is always increasing due to the climate, the economic growth, and also the need for thermal comfort. The aim of this paper is to find a way that can significantly reduce the energy demand for a building through an improvement of the design of its thermal envelope. Within this work, we utilized the thermophysical properties of four building materials: three local materials (compressed earth block (BTC), lateritic block (BLT), and raw earth), and one modern (Hollow cement). The numerical optimization of the building design has been performed dynamically by Comsol 5.3a software: the case study is Ouagadougou and the surface is 100m2. Also, the temporal variations in the inside of the room, as well as the internal and external temperatures of the walls and the ceiling with four different materials, have been determined. The result of the simulation shows that, for BLT, the maximum of ambiante temperature is obtained 308K around 22h, for Adobe it is 308.8K around 21h, for BTC it was 309.2K at 19h30, and finally for cement block it is 310K around 17. We can safely say that BLT is the material leading to the lowest average daily indoor temperature variation, thus leading to the reduction of air conditioning load and the need for thermal comfort and around the order of 4KW of energy saving can be obtained.
Adaptive proportional integral controller based on ann for dc link voltage control single-phase inverter connected to grid
Authors:   Research Team Energetic System and Efficiency, Alioune Diop University of Bambey, Bambey, Senegal, Traore Mamadou , Ndiaye Alphousseyni , Ba Amadou , Mbodji Senghane ,   Research Team Renewable Energies Materials and Laser, Alioune Diop University of Bambey, Bambey, Senegal
Published: June 2021

The output power of the inverter of a PV system is directly affected by the DC-link voltage. Hence an adaptive Proportional Integral controller based on Artificial Neural Networks is developed in this paper. MATLAB/Simulink is used for the simulation of the studied system in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods. Simulation results show that the proposed API-ANN is faster to track the DC-link voltage than the conventional method. The injected harmonics to the grid were significantly reduced with API-ANN (0.08 % of total harmonic distortion) in comparison with the classic PI with 4.23 %. The API-ANN gives a good performance than the classic PI.
Evaluation du pouvoir methanogene de la jacinthe d’eau sur le Lac Nokoue à Ganvie au Benin
Authors:   Laboratoire de Physique du Rayonnement (LPR), Département de Physique FAST, Université Abomey-Calavi, Dohou Alfred Dèdonougbo , N’Gobi Koto Gabin , Kouchade Clément Adéyèmi , Kounouhewa Basile Bruno
Published: June 2021

La jacinthe d’eau (Eichornia crassipes) est une plante aquatique invasive. Elle est devenue un véritable fléau dans les eaux du monde entier en générale et dans les eaux du lac Nokoué en particulier rendant difficile la navigation aux usagers locaux de la plus grande cité lacustre du Bénin. Devant cette urgence, nous pensons que la biomasse lignocellulosique issue de l’exploitation de la jacinthe peut constituer une voie prometteuse permettant son utilisation comme matière première pour la production du bio méthane. De plus, l’urgence de trouver d’autres sources d’énergie énergies renouvelables suite à l’amenuisement des énergies fossiles n’est plus à démontrer. L’objectif de notre travail est d’évaluer le pouvoir méthanogène de la jacinthe d’eau prélevée sur le lac Nokoué à Ganvié dans la commune de So-Ava au Bénin. Ainsi, nous avons introduit à titre expérimental, dans un bidon de 25litres, 150g de jacinthe d’eau hachée avec 1litre d’inoculum. Après 40 jours de fermentation, il a été produit 5169,025 ml de méthane ou 34,46 ml/g CH4 soit 58% du volume total de biogaz produit. Le taux du sulfure d’hydrogène remarqué dans le biogaz produit permet de conclure que la concentration en soufre ou en ses dérivés dans l’eau du lac Nokoué est importante. La jacinthe d’eau (Eichornia crassipes) peut être un bon substrat pour la bio méthanisation anaérobie en milieu lacustre.
Evaluation du potentiel de production du biogaz emanant des dechets organiques : cas de Bamako
Authors:   Centre de Calcul de Modélisation et de Simulation, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Bamako, Université des Sciences Techniques et Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali, Koné Moussa , Danioko Fadaba ,   2Equipe MGSI, Laboratoire Quartz EA n° 7393, IUT de Montreuil, Université de Paris 8, 140, rue de la Nouvelle France, 93100 Montreuil, France., Dansoko Mamadou , Addouche Sid-Ali , Tchoffa David , El-Mhamedi Abderrhaman
Published: June 2021

La transition énergétique vers les énergies renouvelables a poussé les pays notamment ceux du sahel à utiliser au mieux les énergies renouvelables. Parmi ces énergies renouvelables, le biogaz contribue aux défis énergétiques et environnementaux des populations. Dans ce papier, nous proposons une méthodologie capable à la fois de produire du froid et d’électricité à partir des déchets organiques. L’approche proposée donne une étude du potentiel et de la disponibilité des déchets (analyse de la disponibilité, caractérisation des déchets, etc.), une conception et dimensionnement du système de conversion (centrale à déchets), une modélisation et simulation du processus de production de froid et d’électricité sous le logiciel « Thermoptim ». Les résultats obtenus notamment pour le cas de Bamako (capitale du Mali) donnent la quantité journalière de biogaz (déchets méthanisables) de 1544 tonnes/j dont celle du méthane est de 14479,084 m3/j et celle de l’énergie primaire est de 143,922 MWh/j. L’énergie thermique convertible en froid est de 57,93 MW/j et l’énergie électrique est de 52,475 MW/j. Par ailleurs, la simulation a permis d’une part de comprendre le processus thermodynamique, d’obtenir des résultats intéressants sur l’analyse de la biomasse soit 60,51% de matières sèches et 39,08 % de matières organiques pour le cas de Bamako et d’autre part de faire les analyses environnementale et économique. L’application de ce travail peut combler un déficit énergétique par rapport à la demande énergétique (froid, électricité) qui croit 10% environ par an.
Theoretical and experimental analysis of a boost converter
Authors:   Semiconductors and Solar Energy Laboratory, Department of Physics to the Faculty of Science and Technique, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal, Badiane Modou , Honadia Prince Abdoul Aziz , Barro Fabé Idrissa ,   Thermal and Renewable Energies Laboratory, Department of Physics to Polytechnic University Center of kaya, Burkina Faso,   Semiconductors and Solar Energy Laboratory, Department of Physics to the Faculty of Science and Technique, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
Published: June 2021

A theoretical and experimental study of a conventional boost converter is presented. Based on the real behavior of the components, the conventional boost converter model dealing with both inductive and capacitive losses as well as switching losses is introduced. From this model, the detailed analytical expressions of the voltage gain factor and the conversion efficiency are established taking into account the losses due to parasitic resistances and switching losses. The behavior of the converter is then analyzed by simulating the voltage gain factor and the conversion efficiency as a function of the duty cycle. The converter prototype was manufactured and a set of experimental measurements was made; these measurements made it possible to demonstrate that the proposed theoretical models were reliable for a large range of duty cycle for the boost converter.
Impact of the educational technology use in undergraduate pharmacy teaching and learning – A systematic review
Authors: Lee Chooi Yeng , Lee Shaun Wen Huey
Published: June 2021

Background: Educational technology has been increasingly used in recent years in pharmacy education. Its benefit on teaching and learning as well as its intention of use should be determined.     
Aims: To understand the technological approaches used in pharmacy education, and the impact of each approach on teaching and learning.     
Method: Four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and ERIC) were searched to identify studies that described the use of technology in undergraduate pharmacy teaching and learning.    
Results: Thirty-four papers met the inclusion criteria. Majority of the studies (59%) used simulation technologies adopting a situated learning approach to complement or enhance teaching and learning. Most of the studies reported change in two or more concepts of the Kirkpatrick’s model, namely Reaction, Learning, and Behaviour, indicating improvement in learning experience, engagement, and performance.  
Conclusion: Educational technology with design features aligned with effective pedagogical theories seemed more likely to produce positive student outcomes.
El mundo del trabajo y de los obreros en el pensamiento y la obra del beato Marcelo Spínola y Maestre
Authors: Ruiz Sánchez José Leonardo
Published: June 2021

El Beato Marcelo Spínola y Maestre (1835-1906) mantuvo desde primera hora una honda preocupación por los problemas sociales distinguiendo nítidamente entre caridad y justicia social, sintonizando así con los planteamientos sociales de León XIII expresados en la Rerum Novarum (1891). En sus distintos escritos que redactó en su condición de obispo (de Coria-Cáceres, Málaga y Sevilla entre 1881 y 1906) dejó plasmado su pensamiento sobre la necesidad de estudiar la problemática social. Cuestionando que las relaciones entre los trabajadores y los poseedores de capital se regulasen únicamente por la ley de la oferta y la demanda (que defendía el individualismo liberal del momento) denunció la acumulación de las riquezas más allá de lo que era justo en manos de algunos, sin darle además ninguna utilidad tendente a lograr un equitativo reparto de la riqueza pues, de ello, resultaba un obrero oprimido socialmente que no le quedaba otra opción sino la de revelarse contra los que detentaban el poder económico y político (como promovía el socialismo); entre ambos modelos debía abrirse camino la propuesta de la Iglesia. Fiel a este planteamiento, junto a la implantación en sus diócesis de los instrumentos planteados por el conde Mun y del P. Vicent, que eran los que se estaban de moda, puso también en marcha otras iniciativas para prever el mal y evitar sus consecuencias.
BİR KUŞAK-BİR YOL PROJESİ KAPSAMINDA AKDENİZ TİCARET LİMANLARINDA TÜRKİYE FIRSATLARI
Authors: YILMAZ Zeki , SABANCI Betül
Published: June 2021

İpek Yolu; tarihte pek çok ürünün kıtalararası el değiştirmesine sahne olmuş, ticareti canlı tutarak ekonomilere yön vermiştir. Ucuz ve nitelikli iş gücü sayesinde daha az maliyetli üretim yapan Çin kendine küresel ekonomide yeni pazarlar aramaya başlamıştır. Bu amaçla yeni ticaret yolları arayan Çin hükümeti tarihi İpek Yolu’nun modernize edilmiş tasarımını 2013 yılında devlet başkanının duyurmasıyla beraber projenin ilk adımları atılmıştır. Yeni İpek Yolu Projesi kara yolu, deniz yolu ve demir yolu olmak üzere üç ayrı merkezli örülmüştür. Çalışmada deniz ticareti ve bu hat üzerinde bulunan Pire Limanı ile İzmir Çandarlı ve Mersin limanların karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Coğrafi konumu, nitelikli iş gücü avantajları ve liman kapasiteleri ile dünya sıralamasına giren ülkemizin projenin sunduğu yatırım ve ticaret imkanlarını fırsata çevirebildiği takdirde elde edilecek ekonomik avantajlar ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Koordinasi Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah dalam Menanggulangi Bencana di Kabupaten Purworejo
Authors: Bakti Vira Amalia , Fadlurrahman Fadlurrahman
Published: June 2021

Purworejo Regency is the second-highest disaster-prone area in Central Java Province. From the 494 villages and sub-districts in Purworejo Regency, around 90% are areas prone to natural disasters such as typhoons, landslides, and floods. One of the efforts in disaster management is coordination between stakeholders. On this basis, this study aims to analyze the coordination of the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of Purworejo Regency and to find out the factors that encourage successful coordination between BPBD and other institutions in disaster management. The approach used is a qualitative method, with data collection techniques by interview, observation, and documentation. The informant selection technique used was purposive sampling with four informants. The results showed that coordination of BPBD of Purworejo Regency in the pre, during, and the post-disaster condition is good enough to overcome the disasters seen through the basic coordination mechanism (vertical and horizontal). However, coordination still faces obstacles, for example, there are community and private organizations that do not coordinate with the BPBD of Purworejo Regency during disasters. The factors that drive successful coordination include meeting forums (physical and non-physical), transparency in decision making, evaluation with stakeholders, and the use of decentralization for stakeholders.AbstrakKabupaten Purworejo merupakan daerah rawan bencana tertinggi kedua di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Dari 494 desa dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Purworejo, sekitar 90% merupakan daerah rawan bencana alam seperti puting beliung, tanah longsor, dan banjir. Salah satu usaha dalam manajemen penanggulangan bencana yakni melakukan koordinasi antarpihak. Atas dasar tersebut, studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis koordinasi Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) Kabupaten Purworejo serta mengetahui faktor-faktor pendorong keberhasilan koordinasi antara BPBD dengan instansi/lembaga lainnya dalam penanggulangan bencana. Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data secara wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Pemilihan informan dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling,dengan jumlah informan sebanyak empat orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koordinasi BPBD Kabupaten Purworejo pada kondisi pra, saat, dan pascabencana sudah cukup baik untuk menanggulangi bencana, yang terlihat melalui mekanisme dasar koordinasi (vertikal dan horizontal). Namun koordinasi masih mengalami hambatan, misalnya: adanya organisasi masyarakat dan pihak swasta yang tidak melakukan koordinasi dengan BPBD saat terjadi bencana. Faktor-faktor pendorong keberhasilan koordinasi di antaranya: adanya forum pertemuan (fisik dan nonfisik), transparansi dalam penciptaan keputusan, evaluasi secara bersama para pihak, dan dukungan desentralisasi penanganan bencana di setiap instansi sesuai dengan standar operasional prosedur (SOP) masing-masing pihak.
Pembangunan Air Bersih dan Sanitasi saat Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Suryani Anih Sri
Published: June 2021

Sanitation development in Indonesia refers to the Sustainable Development Goals, which in 2030 is targeted to ensure the availability and management of clean water and sustainable sanitation for all. The existence of the Covid-19 pandemic has made the clean water and sanitation sector very important in breaking the Covid-19 chain. This paper aims to describe the achievement of sanitation development targets in Indonesia and examine the empirical practice of implementing sanitation during the Covid-19 pandemic. Qualitative methods are used to assess the sanitation sector according to the sixth SDGs Target, namely: clean water and proper sanitation both before the pandemic and during the pandemic. The results of the study show that until 2019, before the pandemic, access to drinking water, wastewater, and sanitation services had been achieved quite well. However, the reduction in open defecation (BABS) and the improvement of clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS) have not been optimal. When the Covid-19 pandemic consumption of clean water increases, attention to wastewater treatment increases, and there are changes in people's behavior to live cleaner lives.AbstrakPembangunan sanitasi di Indonesia mengacu pada Sustainable Development Goals di mana pada tahun 2030 ditargetkan dapat menjamin ketersediaan serta pengelolaan air bersih dan sanitasi yang berkelanjutan untuk semua. Adanya pandemi Covid-19  menjadikan sektor  air  bersih dan sanitasi sangatlah penting dalam memutus mata rantai Covid-19. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan capaian target pembangunan sanitasi di Indonesia dan mengkaji praktik empiris penyelenggaraan sanitasi pada saat pandemi Covid-19. Metoda kualitatif digunakan untuk mengkaji sektor sanitasi sesuai dengan Target SDGs keenam, yaitu: air bersih dan sanitasi layak, baik sebelum pandemi maupun saat pandemi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa hingga 2019, sebelum pandemi akses terhadap air minum, air limbah dan layanan sanitasi telah tercapai dengan cukup baik. Namun penurunan praktik Buang Air Besar Sembarangan (BABS) dan peningkatan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) belum optimal. Saat pandemi Covid-19 konsumsi air bersih meningkat, perhatian pada pengolahan air limbah meningkat, dan ada perubahan perilaku masyarakat untuk hidup lebih bersih.
PROJECT OF A BEAMLINE FOR THE NESTOR STORAGE RING LINAC TO PROVIDE NUCLEAR PHYSICS RESEARCH
Authors: Mytrochenko V.V. , Perezhogin S.O. , Kushnir V.A. , Ganenko V.B. , Ayzatsky M.I. , Kovalenko G.D.
Published: June 2021

The results of self-consistent beam dynamics simulation are presented for the linac of the NESTOR storage ring. Consideration is given to the influence of particle energy change at the output of the electron gun during the current pulse. The obtained data have formed the basis for the computation of the beam transport line for research in the field of high energy physics.
HETEROSTRUCTURED ORGANIC SCINTILLATORS WITH A HIGH PULSE-SHAPE DISCRIMINATION CAPABILITY FOR RADIOECOLOGY PROBLEMS
Authors: Khromiuk I.F. , Galunov N.Z. , Karavaeva N.L. , Krech A.V. , Polupan Ya.I. , Tarasenko O.A.
Published: June 2021

Studies of the relative Light output and optical transmission of organic composite scintillators with different grain sizes were performed. The research results showed that for samples with grains 0.06…0.3 mm in size, in contrast to the samples with larger grains, the relative light output and optical transmission are lower.
CALCULATION OF THE MOLIÈRE RADIUS FOR VARIOUS CONFIGURATIONS OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC SAMPLING CALORIMETER ECaL SPD NICA
Authors: Kovtun V.E. , Malykhina T.V.
Published: June 2021

One of the main tasks of the electromagnetic calorimetry of the SPD setup is effective π0-γ separation in the energy range from 50 MeV to 10 GeV. Therefore, the current task is to optimize the design of the module cells in order to improve the physical parameters of the ECaL calorimeter. The Molière radius is determined in this work by the Monte Carlo method using Geant4 toolkit for various cell configurations of the calorimeter module. The results obtained in this work will be taken into account in the further development of the detecting systems of the ECaL SPD NICA.
ANALYSIS OF RADIATION PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF POLYSTYRENE-BASED COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Authors: Prokhorenko E.M. , Lytvynenko V.V. , Zakharchenko A.A. , Khazhmuradov M.A. , Sokolov S.A. , Prokhorenko T.G. , Ben A.P.
Published: June 2021

Polystyrene-metal composite materials were manufactured. Composite materials are made of polystyrene, which has been reinforced with highly dispersed powder-like aluminum. Tungsten or steel powder was applied as a radiation shielding additive. The radiation-protective characteristics of composite materials were studied using sources of ionizing radiation 241Am and 152Eu. Calculations of the relative attenuation of the absorbed dose of gamma radiation for protective materials with different mass composition have been performed. A comparison of the protective characteristics obtained experimentally and found by numerical methods is carried out. Hardness values were measured for composites with different component compositions. An increase in hardness with an increase in the amount of a metal component is shown.
APPLICATION OF EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR DETERMINING THE SIZE OF THE SANITARY PROTECTION ZONE OF NUCLEAR FACILITY
Authors: Barbashev S.V.
Published: June 2021

The dimensions of the sanitary protection zones (SPZ) for nuclear facility (NF) of I and II hazard classes are calculated based on the recommendations of national regulatory documents, taking into account the radiation factor of human exposure. At the same time, factors of a non-radiation nature are not considered, although they are present in the zone of influence of the NF and make an additional contribution to the formation of negative consequences for people. In this case, the definition of the boundaries of the SPZ is possible only in a result of analysis, comparison and calculation of various values characterizing the state of the environment and NF. Such an opportunity can be provided by the use of an expert system. The article describes a simplified version of the expert system designed to determine the boundaries of the NPP SPZ, which takes into account the dose criterion and criteria for non-radiation factors, and the results of its application for a real NPP.
ON GAS AND HYDRAULIC TIGHTNESS OF LINAC ACCELERATING SECTIONS
Authors: Zhiglo V.F.
Published: June 2021

A technique for calculating the required impenetrability of brazing linac accelerating sections cooled by water and for control of their hydraulic tightness based on the total helium leakage rate is given. Three types of cooling systems: a water stream in tubes soldered on the outer surface of the sections, a water stream along the outer surface and along the internal cooling channels in sections are considered. It is shown that the contact of accelerating sections surface with cooling water requires increasing the tightness of their soldering at least by 66 times. As an example, requirements for hydraulic and air tightness of accelerating sections for the developed accelerator LU-10 NSC KIPT are given.
IMMERSION OF HEAT POLYMERIZED ACRYLIC RESIN DENTAL BASE IN ARAK BALI AGAINST SURFACE ROUGHNESS
Authors:   Department of Prosthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahasaraswati Denpasar University Indonesia, Wirayuni Kadek Ayu , Dwi Saputra I Made Hendri ,   Dentistry Undergraduate, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahasaraswati Denpasar University Indonesia
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The denture base is the part of the removable denture that is supported by good adaptation to the underlying oral tissue. Most of the denture bases are made of acrylic or polymethyl methacrylate resin, better known as PMMA. However, the acrylic resin also has disadvantages such as easily broken and absorbs liquids both water and chemicals. The chemical absorption like alcohol, ethanol, and some drinks that contain acidic materials will chemically be induced with acrylic resin and settle in the pores of the acrylic resin. The chemical damage or defect creates roughness on the surface of the acrylic resin which can cause cracking or crazing and a decrease in surface strength and hardness. Materials and Methods: The method used in this research was a laboratory experimental design with a post-test-only control group using 12 samples consisting of 2 different types of samples by measuring the surface roughness of the acrylic resin after immersing the sample with a predetermined time. Results and Discussions: One-way ANOVA test results showed a significant difference in surface roughness after the samples immersion with a value of p = 0.006 (p <0.05). Conclusions: Based on this research, can be concluded that there is an increase in the surface roughness of the heated polymerized acrylic resin for 3 hours and 4 hours of immersion. The longer the heated polymerized acrylic resin is soaked in arak hence the level of surface roughness increases.
POTENSI SUMBER BIOGAS BERBASIS TINJA PADA SUATU CLUSTER PERUMAHAN
Authors: Ra As Zhu , - Sudarti , - Yushardi
Published: June 2021

Abstract: THE POTENTIAL OF BIOGAS SOURCES BASED ON REFERENCE IN A HOUSING CLUSTER. In the future there will be a shortage of fuel oil, as a result developed countries will begin to work on the management of use in replacing the problem of low fuel oil and shortage of LPJ gas in the future, one of which is to produce alternative energy using human waste as the basic material, usually called Bio- Gas / Bio-Fuel. However, the management system and processes still use septic tanks that absorb human waste. So the main material or human waste that can be made to generate alternative energy for general public needs, so that it is not wasted using existing disposal methods. This activity is an explanatory activity to describe the process of disposing of human waste in the process of the exhaust pipe equipment system for each house by accumulating it in the central disposal area for the fermentation process to produce methane gas which is converted into gas power to electricity. This invention is used to find out how to make biogas from human waste. The findings of the present invention show the addition of methane gas and a central septic-tank in several households.

Key words: Energy, Alternative, Biogas, Human waste, Fermentation process, Biofuel

Abstrak: Pada masa depan akan terjaddi kekurangan bahan bakar minyak, akibatnya wilayah negara maju memulai mengerjakan pengelolaan digunakan dalam menggantikan permasalahan sedikitnya BBM dan kekurangan gas LPJ pada masa depan nanti, salah satu yang dilakukan adalah memproduksi energi alternative dengan bahan dasar kotoran manusia biasanya dinamakan dengan Bio-Gas/Bio-Fuel. Akan tetapi, system pengelolaannya dan prosesnya masih menggunakan septik-tank yang meresap kotoran manusia. Jadi bahan utama atau limbah manusia yang sepatutnya dapat dibuat untuk penghasilan tenaga alternative untuk keperluan umum masyarakat, supaya tidak terbuang sia-sia menggunakan cara pembuangan yang ada. Kegiatan ini merupakan pada kegiatan eksplanatori berbuat untuk mendiskripsikan proses prosedur membuang kotoran manusia dalam proses system perlengkapan pipa pembuangan tiap-tiap rumah dengan dikomulatifkan di wardah pembuangan pusat untuk proses fermentasi untuk menghasilkan gas metana yang dirubah dalam tenaga gas ke listrik. Penemuan ini digunakan untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara membuat biogas dari kotoran manusia. Perolehan dari penemuan ini memperlihatkan penambahan gas metana dan sentral septik-tank pada beberapa rumah tangga.

Kata kunci: Energi, Alternatif, Biogas, Kotoran manusia, Proses fermentasi, Biofuel
ANALISIS TINGKAT KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA KELAS XI MIPA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA
Authors: Ardiyanti Feti , Nuroso Harto
Published: June 2021

Abstrak: Analisis Tingkat Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas XI MIPA dalam Pembelajaran Fisika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa SMA dalam pembelajaran fisika. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian keterampilan berpikir kritis ini menggunakan tes tertulis dengan bentuk soal uraian. Instrumen keterampilan berpikir kritis mengandung aspek keterampilan berpikir kritis yang dikembangkan oleh Ennis (2011) meliputi beberapa aspek: memberikan penjelasan secara sederhana, menentukan dasar pengambilan keputusan, menyimpulkan, memberikan penjelasan lanjut, memperkirakan dan menggabungkan. Berdasarkan hasl analisis data yang diperoleh, 30,6% siswa memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis sangat rendah, 55,6% siswa memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis rendah, dan 13,8% siswa memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis cukup. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa siswa kelas XI MIPA 6 SMA Negeri 2 Kudus masih memiliki tingkat keterampilan berpikir krits rendah.
The Implementation of Vocabulary Trees to Enhance Students’ Vocabulary Achievement
Authors: Yasin Yustih , La Sitiha Hasmirawati Injar
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the effect of the vocabulary trees technique on students' vocabulary achievement at SMAN 1 Wongeduku, SMAN 1 Wawotobi, and SMKN 1 Unaaha. This research is a qualitative research with a quasi-experimental design. Pre-test and post-test are used in order to determine the use of vocabulary trees in senior and vocational high school. The researcher found that the vocabulary trees technique improved students’ vocabulary achievement and made students active and creative in learning. It was proved when they were playing vocabulary trees most of them were active, thus because during playing vocabulary trees technique activities, they can know new vocabularies, and recognize most vocabularies correctly by using vocabulary trees technique in each school. It can be seen in real dates are; 1) , 2) , 3)  the students’ achievement that students who are treated by vocabulary trees improved.
Using Chain Massage Game to Support Young Learners’ VAK Learning Style
Authors: Perdani Yella Dezas
Published: June 2021

The research examined the use of a chain massage game to accommodate the visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning style of the young learners. It discovered how the teacher prepared and implemented the chain massage games, and how it accommodated and profited the visual, auditory, and kinesthetic students learning style. This research was a qualitative study and used observation and interview as the data collection techniques. The result showed that the teacher prepared and applied the chain massage game very well, could control all the students, and did all the steps she planned in applying the game in the class, and the students learned English excitedly. Furthermore, it was revealed that there were four advantages of using chain massage game. The first advantage is that playing the game fosters interaction between the teacher and students, as well as between students and their classmates. Second, instruction becomes more student-centered. Third, engaging students in the teaching-learning process through the chain message game is successful, especially at the elementary level. The fourth advantage is that the chain massage game enables students to practice new vocabulary.
A Conversation Analysis: The Use of Small-Talk
Authors: Wahab Isnaeni , Astri Zul , Tanasy Novalia , Fachrunnisa Nurul
Published: June 2021

This research aimed to find out the topic and the function of small talk that was used by the students. The method of the research was qualitative descriptive. This research took place in the English Education of Graduate Program, State University of Makassar. The data collected through recording the interaction of small talk naturally by recording. The result showed that most of the topics discussed during the small talk were about the immediate situation of the talk. The topic of small talk can be either shift to the external situation such as the latest news, economics, hobbies, sports, movies or celebrities, and communicational situations. And from this research, the researcher found some topics like movies and asking for files. Besides that, the function of small talk specifically in class serves as an ice-breaking and silence-filling function.
Verification of contextual information (V3) in the System for Analysis of Validity in Evaluation (SAVE).
Authors: Serrano Jorge Jiménez
Published: June 2021

In SAVE (López, et al, 2018), Verification (V3) aims to verify the authenticity of something; in our case we try to add data or observable facts, better if they are objective, on the elements proposed in the previous phases, to consolidate or discard them. This is the field that corresponds to evidence in law, for which there is a specific sub-discipline, Probática (Sabaté, 2012).
ACTUALIZACIÓN DEL DICTAMEN DE AUTOPSIA MÉDICO-FORENSE EN LA MORGUE JUDICIAL LA PAZ BOLIVIA
Authors: Melo Santiesteban Guadalupe , Pantoja Vacaflor Saul
Published: June 2021

Listing clearly the basic components of an autopsy, in the form of a checklist, will enable technical procedures to adequately address forensic medical autopsy findings in those cases where the cause of death is under study or is unclear, in situations such as a traffic accident, falls, or other traumas of various or non-specific origins. In this sense, the present investigation focus on forensic autopsy reports, based on a comparison between the current forensic medical reports carried out in La Paz-Bolivia and the forensic medical reports used internationally such as the Minnesota Protocol and the Medical Autopsy Protocol of Veracruz-Mexico. Using a qualitative approach with a descriptive investigation and a documental research methodology, we proceeded to collect reports from the judicial morgue of La Paz-Bolivia and the Forensic Investigation Service of Veracruz -Mexico. Based on this documentation, a bibliographic-analytical matrix was elaborated, from which the authors concluded that the main deficiency of the judicial morgue of La Paz-Bolivia is that it does not have a standardized Protocol to carry out the forensic medical autopsy reports. Therefore, an update of the forensic autopsy report was proposed along with a forensic medical autopsy protocol that serves as a reference to improve the professional service and therefore of the entire judicial morgue of La Paz-Bolivia in terms of clarification of a death. Keywords: Report, Update, Forensic Medical Autopsy, Protocol.
ABOUT THE DELIRIUM OF CORONAVIRUS SELF-CONTEMPT
Authors: Golenkov Andrey V.
Published: June 2021

Based on observations from forensic psychiatric practice and the review of the literature, we describe for the first time the delirium of the "coronavirus (self)contempt". An elderly patient after coming through COVID-19 infection began to consider himself and his wife a distributor of the coronavirus infection, constituting himself a danger to the public. Against the background of feeling of impending doom, he felt the sense of disgrace, shame and self-contempt for himself and expected a negative attitude from others, including discrimination, so he was ready to commit suicide. Under the influence of these delusional ideas, he tried to kill his wife and himself, but by a lucky chance all the defendants in the case remained alive. The forensic psychiatric examination recognized him insane. Delirium of the coronavirus (self)contempt is a sensual delusion that develops against the background of a severe stress (or depression), by the conditions of formation (character, experience, environment) it resembles sensitive reference delusion. The paper discusses the involvement of self-stigmatization (stigma and discrimination) phenomena, the influence of COVID-19 on the development and pathoplasty of delusional (super-valuable) ideas in this psychopathological phenomenon.
TONSILOGENIC AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: Kozlov Vadim A. , Sapozhnikov Sergey P. , Karyshev Pavel B. , Fufaeva Alena I. , Aleksandrova Vera Yu. , Vasilyeva Yulia V.
Published: June 2021

In connection with the report that amyloid is a functional antimicrobial substance, possibly a part of innate immunity, we suggested that amyloid may form in the palatine tonsils in chronic tonsillitis. Thirty-two patients aged 19 to 52 years underwent surgical treatment for clinically proven chronic tonsillitis. The aim of the study was to detect the fact of amyloid tonsillar lesions formation in chronic tonsillitis. We performed histological examination of tonsillo-ectomized material fixed in 10% formalin solution and filled in paraffin on 4-micron histological sections: 1) according to the conventional technique, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, 2) Congo red staining and 3) using our own original trichromatic method (two-hour incubation of paraffin sections in acidin-pepsin, sequential staining with picro-fuchsin according to Van Gieson, Сaracсi hematoxylin, Congo red according to H. H. Benhold, picro-indigocarmine). All 32 patients showed a clinical presentation of chronic tonsillitis without exacerbation with stroma sclerosis and atrophy of the lymphatic glandular system. Local amyloidosis of the tonsils was detected in 10 out of 32 cases. As a result of trichromatic staining, unchanged connective tissue fibers stained green, changed tissues (hyalinosis or amyloidosis) stained in various shades from yellow, yellow-orange to red, in addition, lymphocytes, neutrophils and mast cells were clearly detected in the tissues of the amygdala. For comparison, a section of the palatine tonsil was taken from a 49-year-old man who committed suicide by hanging, who had no chronic tonsillitis. Forensic diagnosis: mechanical asphyxia by hanging. Macroscopically: the tonsils are not enlarged, folded, the size of one of them together with the soft tissues was 2.5×1.5×1 cm. Nevertheless, a Congo-positive substance was found in the sections of the suicider's tonsils. It is concluded that a significant number of amyloidosis cases that did not lead to severe damage to the vital organs remain unaccounted for due to the lack of specialists' awareness and, as a result, recommendations for screening for the presence of amyloidosis. At least 30% of patients with chronic tonsillitis are observed to have at least local tonsillar amyloidosis. Amyloid damage to the tonsils can be seen even in clinically unchanged tonsils.
Organizational Learning and Teacher Performance in Public Educational Institutions in a District of Lima
Authors: Ilizarbe Gliria Susana Méndez- , Villavicencio Ricardo Edmundo Ruiz- , Canevaro Jenny Milagros Melchor , Inga Julia Huaringa , Torres Magaly Chirihuana , Osores Ricardo Iván Vértiz- , - -
Published: June 2021

The relationships and differences between organizational learning and the performance of teachers in five public educational institutions in a district of Lima were determined. It was a quantitative study with a comparative correlational, non-experimental design. 145 teachers were surveyed with two validated questionnaires. The Tau-b-Kendall correlation test was used for correlation analysis. For score comparisons, the normal Z test, analysis of variance and a Scheffe test were used. Significant associations were found between the variables, and it was also determined that there were differences between the average scores of the teachers by educational level (initial, primary and secondary), with greater associations between teachers at the initial and secondary levels. Finally, the promotion of learning is an aspect that would require greater attention for the better performance of regular basic education teachers, and more aggressive strategies should be established from the institutional directions to promote more and better organizational learning as a work philosophy in these professionals in a social context where knowledge and technology interact at the level of mimicry in a structure that requires competitiveness at the human evolutionary level.
Evaluation of Steel Plate Shear Wall Performance with Different Sections and Arrangements of Stiffeners and its Effect on Project Management during Construction and Improvement of the Building
Authors: Jafarian Ali , Jafarian Seyed Babak
Published: June 2021

Considering the increase in the current construction process and the future needs of Iran, the necessity to use high-rise buildings for reduction in urbanization costs and optimal use of land will be inevitable in the future. The performance of steel plate shear wall system as a modern global system, which has an effective application in high-rise buildings and also brings economic benefits compared to previous systems, is evaluated in this study. Steel Plate Shear Walls (SPSW) are a new type of system resistant to wind and earthquake lateral loads, which dates back to the 1970s. In this research, eight samples of shear wall with various stiffening arrangements and sections with ST37 and ST52 alloys are modeled. To evaluate the nonlinear dynamic analysis, the samples are subjected to the San Fernando earthquake force and are modeled and analyzed by ABAQUS software based on the finite element theory. The results of analyzing the samples indicate better performance of the system with stiffener in both vertical and horizontal directions. Also, the use of sections with ST52 alloy has improved the performance of the shear wall by approximately 40%.
Identification of Architectural Components Affecting the Development of Knowledge and Gaining Experience from Nature (Case Study of Design and Construction of Educational-Cultural Complex)
Authors: Jafari Sara , Sadeghian Seyedeh Mahsa Shayesteh
Published: June 2021

The present age is the time for increasing environmental awareness and paying attention to the role of human connection with nature which can improve the quality of human life as well as preserving nature. Many factors contribute to the success of environmental projects, programs and the conservation of natural resources. Manpower is one of the most important ones and given the effect of human beings on their environment, in general, one of the most important measures to solve environmental problems is the development of natural resources and the promotion of public culture in this field, which, in turn, requires education about man's connection to nature and the environment. Therefore, the objective of this research is to identify the components affecting design in order to develop awareness and gain experience from nature. The present project is an educational-cultural complex with the approach of developing awareness and gaining experience from nature, which is formed with the aim of fulfilling two main missions: 1. Sensitizing people to nature and finding a view seeking the meaning of nature and natural phenomena 2. Raising the level of environmental literacy of people through education and preventing the indiscriminate destruction of the environment. This descriptive-analytical study addresses issues such as identifying design components in order to develop knowledge and gain experience from nature, investigating the relationship between humans and nature using the observation technique, field and library studies, methods of promoting and teaching environmental issues, sustainable architecture and green architecture, design bed studies, how the project is formed and the presentation of the physical plan. As a result, after identifying design components in order to develop knowledge and gain experience from nature, we achieve the necessity to build a cultural-educational complex in line with the research objective, and also the results show that environmental awareness and education have a direct and indirect effect on urban livability components of sustainability.
An Efficiency Analysis of Conventional and Islamic Banking in Pakistan
Authors: Ali Hina , Saleem Hafiza Hina , Paracha Kalsoom , Quddus Sabiha Abdul
Published: June 2021

The current estimation is involved to regulate the efficiency analysis between Islamic banking and conventional banking by reference to GDP growth, total reserve as dependent variables, and total assets, total deposits, total investment, and total liabilities as autonomous variables. Time series data is collected from 1990 to 2019, Islamic banking has increased facts and lending in Pakistan. Most people believe in Islamic banking philosophy as it is Islamic shariah based with full reserves, total assets, total deposits, total investment, and total liabilities, Considered the descriptive variables independent variable in which the coefficient of the total assets, the total deposit had a highly significant impact on GDP growth rate. Pakistan had a dynamic role regarding the banking sector when assets of the banking sector increases and GDP Growth also increased in Pakistan. Autoregressive lagged estimation model and economic effectiveness on the supply side and Islamic banking relationship in Pakistan, GDP growth is positive and significant.
Mechanical Properties Evaluation of Concrete with Crumb Rubber Particles used as Fine Aggregate
Authors: DİWAKAR Arjun , KUMAR Anand , SİNGH Vinay
Published: June 2021

Crumb rubber is basically tiny rubber particles produced from scrap vehicle tires. This rubber is crumbled into uniform tiny particles with the help of shredders. In the present work, an attempt has been made to utilize rubber particles as a partial substitute of fine aggregates in fabricating cement concretes. Concrete is a mixture of cement, coarse aggregates, fine aggregates and water. Rubber particles of size ranging between 0.297 and 0.250 mm are used as a substitute in the proportion of 5, 10 and 15% by weight to partially replace fine aggregates. Grade 43 Portland cement has been used. Mechanical properties such as compressive, flexural and impact strength are experimentally investigated. Further, dynamic characteristics such as damping ratio and natural frequencies of test samples with different amounts of crumb rubber particles are compared with neat cement concrete samples. Experimental data for different mechanical and dynamic properties are obtained by curing test samples in water for a period of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days respectively. Substitution of crumb rubber particles to partially replace fine aggregates results in reasonable improvement in impact resistance. A decrease in compressive and flexural strength is observed. Further, addition of rubber particles improves the damping property of the samples along with a decrease in natural frequencies.
ASSESSMENT OF NOISE PROBLEM IN NONWOVEN INDUSTRY
Authors: BUZAK Aysel , CELEP Gizem
Published: June 2021

The textile industry is a constantly developing sector from the past to the present. Since the machines used in textile production are large machines and working at high speeds, they emit significant noise. Beside the health problems related to hearing, employees exposed to noise also suffer from problems such as insomnia, distractibility and nervousness. A high level of noise in the environment, especially in jobs that require intense attention, moreover leads to work accident. Therefore, noise control in textile sector is very crucial. There are several control methods for reducing noise in workplaces. These methods are noise control at the source, noise control in the path and noise control at the receiver. Engineering methods that control the noise at the source are about making changes in machinery and processes. In this study general knowledge about noise is given. The noise problem in the nonwoven sector and the measures that can be taken against noise is examined.
Rüya İçinde Rüya: Elif Hümeyra Aydın’ın “Kesik Süt Tadı” Öyküsüne Psikanalitik Bir Yaklaşım
Authors: TURAN İsmail
Published: June 2021

Türk edebiyatında geçmişten günümüze değişen ve gelişen hikâye anlatma geleneği, günümüzde modernleşen dün-yanın yabancılaştırdığı bireyin dışlanmış, itilmiş olmasını ve sıradanlığını duyarlılıkla işlemeye devam eder. Modern yaşamın makineleştirdiği ve tekdüzeleştirdiği bireyin duygularındaki değişimler; onu hissizliğe, iletişimsizliğe sürük-ler ve bu, bireyin psikolojik yıkımlara uğramasına sebep olur. İçe kapanık biri olarak kendi bireyselliğini kazanama-mış olan kahramanlar, bir boşluğun içindedir ve kendilerini değersiz hisseder.

Her zaman bireyin ruhu sığınacak liman arar. Bazen bu kaçıştır bazen de sığınak. Normal bir süreçte her kız çocu-ğunda görülen bu ruhsal süreç; annenin bireyle olan çekişmesi, bireyin farklı bir seyir izlemesine sebep olur. Bire-yin bu davranışlarındaki her görünür nedenin Freud’un “buzdağı” benzetmesinde olduğu gibi bir de “su altında kalan görünmez nedenleri” vardır. Nitekim bu çalışmada Elif Hümeyra Aydın’ın Dergâh Yayınlarından çıkan Doğum Lekesi adlı öykü kitabındaki “Kesik Süt Tadı” adlı öyküsünü; Freud’un geliştirdiği psikanalitik yöntemin altyapısını oluşturan bilinçaltı, bastırma, sanrı, rüya, gündüz düşleri, Elektra Kompleksi, yas ve melankoli gibi kavramlar etra-fında yer alan karakterler psikanalitik bir okumayla değerlendirilir.