bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful treatment of a Morbihan's disease patient after a therapeutic challenge: A case report and comprehensive literature review
Authors: Bazargan Afsaneh Sadeghzadeh , Dehnavi Ali Zare , Dehghani Abbas , Hesari Kambiz Kamyab , Jafari Paria , Goodarzi Azadeh
Published: May 2024

Morbihan's disease is a rare condition characterized by chronic facial edema. While its exact cause is unknown, it is thought to involve local cutaneous vascularization and lymphatic drainage imbalance. Traditional treatment options are often ineffective, and no established efficient treatment exists. We present a case study of a 17‐year‐old male with Morbihan's syndrome who showed resistance to traditional treatments but responded well to a combination of cromolyn sodium nasal spray and oral montelukast after histopathology revealed hyperplasia of plasma cells and mast cells. This combination has not been used before for Morbihan's syndrome. Our review of the literature also provides insight for clinicians seeking to manage this condition.
Japanese primary care physicians' postpartum mental health care: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Narumoto Keiichiro , Endo Miho , Kaneko Makoto , Iwata Tomoko , Inoue Machiko
Published: May 2024

Background

Postpartum mental health care is a public health priority requiring interprofessional and interorganizational collaboration. Primary care physicians (PCPs) have the potential to play an essential role in facilitating access to health care and providing comprehensive and coordinated care for postpartum mental health problems. In Japan, however, there are no previous studies on the extent to which PCPs are involved in postpartum mental health care. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the practices and experiences of Japanese PCPs in providing such care.

Methods

This study presents a subset of the findings from a cross‐sectional study using an online questionnaire on postpartum care among Japanese PCPs. We employed descriptive analysis to examine their practices and experiences in providing general and postpartum mental health care.

Results

We received 339 valid responses from 5811 PCPs. The median proportion of the outpatients with mental health problems that PCPs regularly saw was 15%. Approximately two out of three PCPs (68.7%) reported routinely performing screening for depression and anxiety. Seventy‐six percent of PCPs had the opportunity to provide care for postpartum women. Approximately one in two PCPs (47.8%) had managed cases of postpartum mental health problems and collaborated with various professionals and resources to provide care.

Conclusions

The majority of Japanese PCP participants in the study provide mental health care and have managed cases of postpartum mental health problems, collaborating with various health professionals.
Efficacy and safety of bismuth quadruple regimens containing minocycline and vonoprazan for eradication of Helicobacter pylori: Real‐world evidence
Authors: He Qiyunna , Ou Yan , Zhu Huili , Chen Zhiqian , Yang Dailan , Cheng Qian , Yin Xia , Xiao Lina , Cai Lin , Ye Yan , Xu Xin , Liao Juan
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of minocycline, vonoprazan, amoxicillin, and bismuth quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) treatment.

Methods

From August 2022 to May 2023, clinical data were collected from patients who received H. pylori eradication treatment at West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University. One group received the MVAB regimen (amoxicillin, minocycline, vonoprazan, and colloidal bismuth pectin), while another group received the FOAB regimen (amoxicillin, furazolidone, omeprazole, and colloidal bismuth pectin), both administered for 14 days. Follow‐up assessments of safety and compliance were conducted within 1 week after treatment completion. One and a half months after treatment, the success of eradication was evaluated using the urea breath test.

Results

For the MVAB regimen as a first‐line treatment, the eradication rate was 90.1% (127/141, 95% CI: 85.1–95.1%) in the ITT analysis and 93.4% (127/136, 95% CI: 89.2–97.6%) in the PP analysis as a first‐line treatment. As a second‐line treatment, the eradication rate was 91.3% (21/23, 95% CI: 78.8–103.8%) in both analyses. For the FOAB regimen as a first‐line treatment, the eradication rate was 98.0% (50/51, 95% CI: 94.1–101.2%) in the ITT analysis and 100% (50/50, 95% CI: 100%) in the PP analysis. As a second‐line treatment, the eradication rate was 100% (6/6, 95% CI: 100%) in both analyses. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (MVAB regimen: 5.5% and FOAB regimen: 8.8%; P > 0.05).

Conclusions

The MVAB regimen could indeed be a viable alternative treatment option to conventional therapies.
Exploring adolescent girls and young women's PrEP‐user profiles: qualitative insights into differentiated PrEP delivery platform selection and engagement in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Rousseau Elzette , Sikkema Kathleen J. , Julies Robin F. , Mazer Katelyn , O'Malley Gabrielle , Heffron Renee , Morton Jennifer F. , Johnson Rachel , Celum Connie , Baeten Jared M. , Bekker Linda‐Gail
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), a priority population for HIV prevention in Africa, show high interest but difficulty in sustained effective use of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). With ongoing PrEP scale‐up focused on increasing access, it is important to understand what influences AGYW's choice of PrEP delivery platforms.

Methods

The POWER implementation study in Cape Town provided PrEP between 2017 and 2020 to AGYW (16−25 years) from four differentiated delivery platforms: mobile clinic, government facility, courier delivery or community‐based youth club. Healthcare providers at government and mobile clinics provided PrEP (initiation and refills) as part of comprehensive, integrated sexual and reproductive health services. Courier and youth club platforms provided light‐touch PrEP refill services incorporating rapid HIV self‐testing. We conducted in‐depth interviews with a purposive sample of AGYW who had ≥3 months of PrEP‐use and accessed ≥2 PrEP delivery platforms. The thematic analysis explored AGYW's preferences, decision‐making and habits related to PrEP access to inform market segmentation.

Results

We interviewed 26 AGYW (median age 20) PrEP‐users between November 2020 and March 2021. AGYW PrEP‐users reported accessing different services with, 24 accessing mobile clinics, 17 courier delivery, 9 government health facilities and 6 youth clubs for their PrEP refills. Qualitative findings highlighted four potential behavioural profiles. The “Social PrEP‐user” preferred PrEP delivery in peer spaces, such as youth clubs or adolescent‐friendly mobile clinics, seeking affirmation and social support for continued PrEP use. The “Convenient PrEP‐user” favoured PrEP delivery at easily accessible locations, providing quick (courier) or integrated contraception‐PrEP refill visits (mobile and government clinic). The “Independent PrEP‐user” preferred PrEP delivery that offered control over delivery times that fit into their schedule, such as the courier service. The “Discreet PrEP‐user” highly valued privacy regarding their PrEP use (courier delivery) and avoided delivery options where unintentional disclosure was evident (youth club). Comfort with HIV self‐testing had minimal influence on PrEP delivery choice.

Conclusions

Market segmentation of AGYW characterizes different types of PrEP‐users and has the potential to enhance tailored messaging and campaigns to reach specific segments, with the aim of improving sustained PrEP use and HIV prevention benefits.
Comparative finite element analysis of the first thoracic vertebra in artiodactyls
Authors: Schüler Sandra , Sharp Alana C. , Nyakatura John A.
Published: May 2024

Artiodactyls exhibit a striking diversity of the cervical vertebral column in terms of length and overall mobility. Using finite element analysis, this study explores the morphology at the cervico‐thoracic boundary and its performance under loads in artiodactyls with different habitual neck postures and body sizes. The first thoracic vertebra of 36 species was loaded with (i) a compressive load on the vertebral body to model the weight of the head and neck exerted onto the trunk; and (ii) a tensile load at the spinous process to model the pull via the nuchal ligament. Additional focus was laid on the peculiar shape of the first thoracic vertebra in giraffes. We hypothesized that a habitually upright neck posture should be reflected in the greater ability to withstand compressive loads compared to tensile loads, whereas for species with a habitually suspended posture it should be the opposite. In comparison to species with a suspended posture, species with an upright posture exhibited lower stress (except Giraffidae). For compressive loads in larger species, stress surprisingly increased. Tensile loads in larger species resulted in decreased stress only in species with an intermediate or suspensory neck posture. High stress under tensile loads was mainly reflecting the relative length of the spinous process, while high stress under compressive loads was common in more “bell”‐shaped vertebral bodies. The data supports a stability‐mobility trade‐off at the cervico‐thoracic transition in giraffes. Performance under load at the cervico‐thoracic boundary is indicative of habitual neck posture and is influenced by body size.
Effects of minimally invasive non‐surgical therapy on C‐reactive protein, lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2, and clinical outcomes in periodontitis patients: A 1‐year randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Isola Gaetano , Pesce Paolo , Polizzi Alessandro , Lo Giudice Antonino , Cicciù Marco , Scannapieco Frank A.
Published: May 2024

Background

Growing evidence suggests the type of periodontal treatment could differentially influence the reduction of key cardiovascular risk mediators in periodontitis patients. This randomized, controlled clinical trial compared the impact of minimally invasive non‐surgical therapy (MINST) with quadrant‐wise subgingival instrumentation (Q‐SI) on C‐reactive protein (CRP) together with lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) levels, and clinical periodontal outcomes in patients with periodontitis. Moreover, it was evaluated if baseline CRP levels impacted the efficacy of non‐surgical periodontal therapy protocols.

Methods

Forty‐two periodontitis patients were enrolled and randomly treated by means of MINST (n = 21) or Q‐SI (n = 21). The outcomes assessed were serum CRP and Lp‐PLA2, and periodontal parameters (probing depth [PD], clinical attachment level [CAL], full‐mouth bleeding score [FMBS]), at baseline and at follow‐ups at 1, 3, and 6 months and at 1 year after treatment.

Results

At 1 year, MINST significantly reduced, among others, mean PD (p = 0.007), mean CAL (p = 0.007), the number of pockets >4 mm (p = 0.011) and ≥6 mm (p = 0.005), and FMBS (p = 0.048) compared to Q‐SI. Generalized multivariate analysis evidenced that high baseline CRP (p = 0.039) and FMBS (p = 0.046) levels, together with MINST treatment (p = 0.007) were significant predictors of PD reduction at 1‐year follow‐up. Moreover, the Jonckheere–Terpstra test showed that patients with high baseline CRP levels gained more benefits from MINST treatment at 1‐year follow‐up than they did from Q‐SI.

Conclusion

Patients receiving MINST showed a greater reduction in CRP levels than patients with Q‐SI after 1 year of follow‐up. Moreover, patients with high baseline levels of CRP and Lp‐PLA2 gained more benefits from the MINST approach at 1‐year follow‐up.
Contrast ratio enhancement method of a pancake virtual reality head‐mounted display
Authors: Xiao Lei , Liang Pengxia , Wu Qian , Cheng Fang , Li Lin , Zhou Feiyan , Ding Yanping , Chen Xiaochuan
Published: May 2024

Folded optical path designs have been widely applied in Virtual Reality (Pancake VR) displays in recent years. Compared with the traditional straight‐through and Fresnel optical path design, the Pancake design has obvious advantages in smaller size and clearer virtual image. However, the Pancake optical path uses polarization devices to fold the optical path and, light undergoes multiple refractions and reflections between lens groups, thus inevitably introducing stray light. This stray light greatly reduces the contrast ratio even if taking high‐contrasting Mini‐LED backlight LCD as panel, and seriously affects the user experience. In this paper, we first analyze the causes of stray light in the Pancake design and then propose an effective optical design method. In addition, an effective process scheme for improving image contrast is proposed by analyzing the impact of lens and tube reflectivity. Further, a prototype of the Pancake VR optical module is successfully implemented with low stray light and high contrast ratio.
High‐efficiency and ultracompact pancake optics for virtual reality
Authors: Ding Yuqiang , Luo Zhenyi , Borjigin Garimagai , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: May 2024

Pancake lens has been widely used in virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality (MR) due to its compact form factor. However, using a half mirror (HM) to fold the optical path results in a tremendous optical loss. To enhance the optical efficiency while keeping a compact form factor, we present a new folded optical system incorporating a nonreciprocal polarization rotator. In our proof‐of‐concept experiment using a commercial Faraday rotator (FR), the theoretically predicted 100% efficiency is validated. Besides, the angular response of terbium gallium garnet (TGG) material is simulated for the first time and the results indicate that such an FR is relatively insensitive to the incident angle, which can dramatically enhance the contrast ratio of our pancake design. Finally, the potential application of such pancake optics for ultracompact near‐infrared (NIR) night vision goggles is also discussed.
Discrimination among similarly colored goose species in federal harvest surveys
Authors: Dooley Joshua L. , Doherty Paul F. , Otis David L. , White Gary C. , Taylor Daniel R. , Griffin Doreen L. , Chandler Stephen C. , Catino Stephanie M. , Fleming Kathy K. , Raftovich Robert V. , Piaggio Antoinette J.
Published: May 2024

Each year in the United States, fall‐winter (sport) harvests of goose species are estimated from federal surveys coordinated by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, including the Migratory Bird Harvest Survey to estimate total goose harvest and the Parts Collection Survey (PCS) to estimate the species and age composition. For the PCS, randomly selected hunters collect tail and wing feathers of each goose shot during the hunting season, and then biologists determine the age class and species of each sample at organized events (Wingbees) in each of the 4 flyways (Pacific, Central, Mississippi, and Atlantic). For similarly colored goose species, cackling (Branta hutchinsii) versus Canada (B. canadensis) geese (dark geese) and Ross's (Anser rossii) versus snow (A. caerulescens) geese (light geese), different protocols evolved among Wingbees to differentiate samples into groupings of management interest, leading to difficulties in estimating species‐level harvests among the 4 flyways or nationally. We conducted a study among the United States flyways during 2019–2022 to derive thresholds of central tail feather length to discriminate between dark geese and between light geese. We compared morphological‐ and genetic‐based approaches. There was support for 2 distinct mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) clades in dark and light geese, but only dark goose clades corresponded with central tail feather lengths (morphological size and species identification). Derived thresholds for central tail feather lengths of dark geese in the 3 westernmost flyways using genetic‐based species' discrimination were 145 mm for adults and 134 mm for juveniles, approximately 13 mm and 9 mm less, respectively, than thresholds using morphological‐based species' discrimination. There was limited ability to discriminate light geese based on either mtDNA or central tail feather lengths. We suggest managers use our derived thresholds based on genetic‐based species' discrimination to classify dark goose PCS samples. More advanced genome analyses should be conducted before changing current Wingbee protocols for light geese. Lastly, we encourage more studies to incorporate genetic analyses to complement morphological discrimination.
All‐dielectric Metasurfaces and Their Applications in the Terahertz Range
Authors: Hao Danni , Liu Jinwei , Zou Pinggen , Zhang Yi , Moro Ramiro , Ma Lei
Published: May 2024

In the rapidly evolving terahertz (THz) technology field, all‐dielectric metasurfaces (ADMs) have emerged as a significant driving force, potentially can transform various industries and scientific disciplines. This review offers a comprehensive and in‐depth examination of the underlying principles, materials, fabrication techniques, and state‐of‐the‐art design methods associated with THz ADMs, including the emerging role of artificial intelligence in their development. The diverse applications are delved into of these metasurfaces, such as high‐resolution imaging, advanced sensing, and the development of tunable devices, showcasing the versatility and promise of ADMs in the THz range. Furthermore, the significance of interdisciplinary collaboration is discussed and the integration of cutting‐edge technologies in pushing the boundaries of ADM‐based THz devices. As the field continues to grow and innovate, the applications and implications of all‐dielectric metasurfaces in the terahertz range are expected to become increasingly diverse, paving the way for transformative breakthroughs across various sectors.
State boredom increases consumers' gift‐giving intentions in entertainment live‐streaming: A moderated dual‐mediation model
Authors: Zhang Nan , Zhan Jinming , Zhang Xiaodan , Zheng Lei , Li Wenxi
Published: May 2024

Gift‐giving during live‐streaming has emerged as an important revenue‐generating mechanism for streamers. However, the mechanisms and factors influencing consumers' gift‐giving intentions remain unclear. Considering the novel aspect of the highly visible social context in entertainment live‐streaming, this research proposed a moderated dual‐mediation model of gift‐giving. Three experimental studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between state boredom and consumers' gift‐giving intentions. Study 1 discovered that state boredom increased consumers' gift‐giving intentions. Study 2 revealed that social identity and pleasure consumers obtained in the live‐streaming mediated this correlation simultaneously, and eliminated alternative possible mechanisms. Study 3 identified the moderated mediation effect of perceived co‐viewer involvement. Specifically, high levels of perceived co‐viewer involvement positively enhanced the effects of state boredom on consumers' gift‐giving intentions, mediated by a dual‐mechanism of social identity and pleasure. This research highlights the positive role of state boredom on gift‐giving during live‐streaming, contributing to the understanding of digital gift‐giving behaviors by investigating consumer's emotion effect and specific mechanisms from social interactions in a new scenario.
Peculiar Behavior of Methyl Methacrylate Emulsion Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly Mediated by RAFT Using Poly(Methacrylic Acid) Macromolecular Chain Transfer Agent
Authors: Sun Huidi , Wang Suren , Dugas Pierre‐Yves , D'Agosto Franck , Lansalot Muriel
Published: May 2024

Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) is successfully performed in water in the presence of a poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) macromolecular chain transfer agent (macroCTA) leading to the formation of self‐stabilized PMAA‐b‐PMMA amphiphilic block copolymer particles. At pH 3.7, the reactions are well‐controlled with narrow molar mass distributions. Increasing the initial pH, particularly above 5.6, results in a partial loss of reactivity of the PMAA macroCTA. The effect of the degree of polymerization (DPn) of the PMMA block, the solids content, the nature of the hydrophobic segment, and the pH on the morphology of the obtained diblock copolymer particles is then investigated. Worm‐like micelles are formed for a DPn of PMMA of 20 (PMMA20), while “onion‐like” particles and spherical vesicles are obtained for PMMA30 and PMMA50, respectively. In contrast, spherical particles are obtained for the DPns higher than 150. This unusual evolution of particle morphologies upon increasing the DPn of the PMMA block seems to be related to hydrogen bonds between hydrophilic MAA and hydrophobic MMA units.
Calcitriol Treatment Is Safe and Increases Frataxin Levels in Friedreich Ataxia Patients
Authors: Alemany‐Perna Berta , Tamarit Jordi , Cabiscol Elisa , Delaspre Fabien , Miguela Albert , Huertas‐Pons Joana Maria , Quiroga‐Varela Ana , Merchan Ruiz Miguel , López Domínguez Daniel , Ramió i Torrentà Lluís , Genís David , Ros Joaquim
Published: May 2024

Background

Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D (also known as 1,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol), improves the phenotype and increases frataxin levels in cell models of Friedreich ataxia (FRDA).

Objectives

Based on these results, we aimed measuring the effects of a calcitriol dose of 0.25 mcg/24h in the neurological function and frataxin levels when administered to FRDA patients for a year.

Methods

20 FRDA patients where recluted and 15 patients completed the treatment for a year. Evaluations of neurological function changes (SARA scale, 9‐HPT, 8‐MWT, PATA test) and quality of life (Barthel Scale and Short Form (36) Health Survey [SF‐36] quality of life questionnaire) were performed. Frataxin amounts were measured in isolated platelets obtained from these FRDA patients, from heterozygous FRDA carriers (relatives of the FA patients) and from non‐heterozygous sex and age matched controls.

Results

Although the patients did not experience any observable neurological improvement, there was a statistically significant increase in frataxin levels from initial values, 5.5 to 7.0 pg/μg after 12 months. Differences in frataxin levels referred to total protein levels were observed among sex‐ and age‐matched controls (18.1 pg/μg), relative controls (10.1 pg/μg), and FRDA patients (5.7 pg/μg). The treatment was well tolerated by most patients, and only some of them experienced minor adverse effects at the beginning of the trial.

Conclusions

Calcitriol dosage used (0.25 mcg/24 h) is safe for FRDA patients, and it increases frataxin levels. We cannot rule out that higher doses administered longer could yield neurological benefits. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Empirical and model-based evaluation of a step-pool stream restoration project: Consequences for a highly valued fish population
Authors: Harvey Bret C. , White Jason L. , Nakamoto Rodney J. , Railsback Steven F.
Published: May 2024

Objective

We sought to measure a step-pool restoration project's effects on a steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss population and explore the capability of process-based modeling to enhance understanding of the results.

Methods

We used before-after–control-impact monitoring in combination with a process-based, individual-based, spatially explicit fish population model to evaluate a stream restoration project that reconfigured the channel and primarily added step pools to a reach of a second-order stream in northwestern California.

Result

Five years of monitoring both before (2012–2016) and after (2018–2022) restoration indicated that restoration caused substantial increases in the abundance and biomass of steelhead. Individual growth rates and retention of fish in the study reach did not exhibit consistent patterns, even in the first 2 years after restoration, when fish abundance and biomass exhibited extreme increases of about fivefold. Model simulations predicted about a twofold increase in the abundance and biomass of steelhead in the restoration reach, which corresponded with the empirical results 4–5 years after restoration. The model also predicted a similar increase in the production of steelhead out-migrants, a response we did not attempt to measure in the field.

Conclusion

Step-pool restoration benefitted steelhead. The model's correspondence with empirical observations indicates its potential applicability to more complex resource management questions in the study area, such as how restoration will combine with changes in climate to affect the sustainability of salmonid populations.
Association of diarrhea or constipation with urinary incontinence in adults: A cross‐sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Wang Junwei , Ye Haibo , Zhang Cunming , Zhang Aiwei
Published: May 2024

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the association between diarrhea or constipation and urinary incontinence (UI) in adults.

Methods

Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2009–2010 was used to include 4686 adults aged 20 and over in the analysis. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) were used as outcome variables, with diarrhea and constipation as exposure factors. We first compared the baseline characteristics of those with and without SUI, as well as those with and without UUI. The impact of diarrhea or constipation on SUI and UUI was assessed using multivariate logistic regression models. To ensure the stability of the results, subgroup and stratified analyses were conducted.

Results

The prevalence rates of UUI and SUI were 22.49% and 23.39%, respectively. Adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk of UUI was increased by either diarrhea (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.36–2.04) or constipation (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.11–1.83). The risk of SUI was also elevated by either diarrhea (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.11–1.67) or constipation (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.06–1.63). Subgroup analysis revealed no significant differences in the interaction tests between constipation or diarrhea and UI.

Conclusions

This study found that both constipation and diarrhea increase the risk of UUI and SUI.
Comparison between R2′‐based and R2*‐based χ‐separation methods: A clinical evaluation in individuals with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ji Sooyeon , Jang Jinhee , Kim Minjun , Lee Hyebin , Kim Woojun , Lee Jongho , Shin Hyeong‐Geol
Published: May 2024

Susceptibility source separation, or χ‐separation, estimates diamagnetic (χdia) and paramagnetic susceptibility (χpara) signals in the brain using local field and R2′ (= R2* − R2) maps. Recently proposed R2*‐based χ‐separation methods allow for χ‐separation using only multi‐echo gradient echo (ME‐GRE) data, eliminating the need for additional data acquisition for R2 mapping. Although this approach reduces scan time and enhances clinical utility, the impact of missing R2 information remains a subject of exploration. In this study, we evaluate the viability of two previously proposed R2*‐based χ‐separation methods as alternatives to their R2′‐based counterparts: model‐based R2*‐χ‐separation versus χ‐separation and deep learning‐based χ‐sepnet‐R2* versus χ‐sepnet‐R2′. Their performances are assessed in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), comparing them with their corresponding R2′‐based counterparts (i.e., R2*‐χ‐separation vs. χ‐separation and χ‐sepnet‐R2* vs. χ‐sepnet‐R2′). The evaluations encompass qualitative visual assessments by experienced neuroradiologists and quantitative analyses, including region of interest analyses and linear regression analyses. Qualitatively, R2*‐χ‐separation tends to report higher χpara and χdia values compared with χ‐separation, leading to less distinct lesion contrasts, while χ‐sepnet‐R2* closely aligns with χ‐sepnet‐R2′. Quantitative analysis reveals a robust correlation between both R2*‐based methods and their R2′‐based counterparts (r ≥ 0.88). Specifically, in the whole‐brain voxels, χ‐sepnet‐R2* exhibits higher correlation and better linearity than R2*‐χ‐separation (χdia/χpara from R2*‐χ‐separation: r = 0.88/0.90, slope = 0.79/0.86; χdia/χpara from χ‐sepnet‐R2*: r = 0.90/0.92, slope = 0.99/0.97). In MS lesions, both R2*‐based methods display comparable correlation and linearity (χdia/χpara from R2*‐χ‐separation: r = 0.90/0.91, slope = 0.98/0.91; χdia/χpara from χ‐sepnet‐R2*: r = 0.88/0.88, slope = 0.91/0.95). Notably, χ‐sepnet‐R2* demonstrates negligible offsets, whereas R2*‐χ‐separation exhibits relatively large offsets (0.02 ppm in the whole brain and 0.01 ppm in the MS lesions), potentially indicating the false presence of myelin or iron in MS lesions. Overall, both R2*‐based χ‐separation methods demonstrated their viability as alternatives to their R2′‐based counterparts. χ‐sepnet‐R2* showed better alignment with its R2′‐based counterpart with minimal susceptibility offsets, compared with R2*‐χ‐separation that reported higher χpara and χdia values compared with R2′‐based χ‐separation.
Stabilization‐free virtual element method for 2D elastoplastic problems
Authors: Xu Bing‐Bing , Wang Yi‐Fan , Wriggers Peter
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a novel first‐ and second‐order stabilization‐free virtual element method is proposed for two‐dimensional elastoplastic problems. In contrast to traditional virtual element methods, the improved method does not require any stabilization, making the solution of nonlinear problems more reliable. The main idea is to modify the virtual element space to allow the computation of the higher‐order projection operator, ensuring that the strain and stress represent the element energy accurately. Considering the flexibility of the stabilization‐free virtual element method, the elastoplastic mechanical problems can be solved by radial return methods known from the traditional finite element framework. plasticity with hardening is considered for modeling the nonlinear response. Several numerical examples are provided to illustrate the capability and accuracy of the stabilization‐free virtual element method.
A wavelet collocation method for fractional Black–Scholes equations by subdiffusive model
Authors: Damircheli Davood , Razzaghi Mohsen
Published: May 2024

In this investigation, we propose a numerical method based on the fractional‐order generalized Taylor wavelets (FGTW) for option pricing and the fractional Black–Scholes equations. This model studies option pricing when the underlying asset has subdiffusive dynamics. By applying the regularized beta function, we give an exact formula for the Riemann–Liouville fractional integral operator (RLFIO) of the FGTW. An error analysis of the numerical scheme for estimating solutions is performed. Finally, we conduct a variety of numerical experiments for several standard examples from the literature to assess the efficiency of the proposed method.
Juvenile sex estimation using the elevation of the auricular surface: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Griffith Maura K. , Rando Carolyn
Published: May 2024

The development and identification of methods for effective sex estimation of physiologically juvenile remains continue to challenge bioarchaeologists. This systematic review and meta‐analysis of investigates the diagnostic accuracy of auricular surface elevation (ASE) for sex estimation of physiological juveniles; determines how the diagnostic accuracy differs between the categorical ASE method and the adapted ranked ASE method; and assesses if the diagnostic accuracy of ASE sex estimation improves with age. ASE sex estimation is used as a component of puberty estimation. A forward search using Google Scholar, SCOPUS, and CrossRef identified 248 unique documents that cited Weaver's original description of the method. The results of more than 700 sex estimates from five peer‐reviewed articles and two PhD dissertations are synthesized through bivariate meta‐analysis. The bivariate meta‐analysis reveals that ASE sex estimation correctly estimates sex of 36.7% [95% CI: 20.8–56.1%] of females and 82.4% [71.9–89.6%] of males. The predictive value of the female auricular surface trait (elevated) is 67.6% [61.8–72.9%], and the predictive value of the male trait (non‐elevated) is 56.6% [54.3–58.8%]. When separated into age cohorts of under 1 year old, under 10 years old, and over 10 years old, ASE sex estimation did not show improvement with increased age. This analysis demonstrates that the ASE sex estimation method does not accurately estimate or predict sex of physiologically juvenile individuals, with no improvement from a ranked method or by age. Furthermore, this method should not be used as a component of puberty estimation due to lack of improvement with increasing age‐at‐death.
The effects of a newcomer program on the academic achievement of English Learners
Authors: Morales Camila , Mogollon Monica
Published: May 2024

School districts serving newcomer English Learners (ELs) generally offer short‐term intensive English programs designed to teach foundational language skills and guide students’ integration into the U.S. school system. Despite the growing popularity of newcomer programs, however, there is limited rigorous evidence of their efficacy. In this paper, we present evidence on the causal effect of an intensive English program on the academic achievement of newcomer EL students. Access to the program is determined by a test score cutoff which we leverage to employ a regression discontinuity design. On average, students who are eligible for the program in elementary grades experience a boost in their academic achievement for up to 3 years following initial eligibility. Conversely, newcomer EL students who are marginally eligible for intensive English language instruction in middle school grades see a decline in achievement that tends to exacerbate over time.
Patterns of primary and specialty care among children with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Patel Pooja N. , Dombkowski Kevin J. , Madden Brian , Raphael Jean L. , Plegue Melissa , Braun Thomas M. , Reeves Sarah L.
Published: May 2024

Background and objective

National guidelines recommend that children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) be seen regularly by primary care providers (PCPs) as well as hematologists to receive comprehensive, multidisciplinary care. The objective is to characterize the patterns of primary and hematology care for children with SCA in Michigan.

Methods

Using validated claims definitions, children ages 1–17 years with SCA were identified using Michigan Medicaid administrative claims from 2010 to 2018. We calculated the number of outpatient PCP and hematologist visits per person‐year, as well as the proportion of children with at least one visit to a PCP, hematologist, or both a PCP and hematologist annually. Negative binomial regression was used to calculate annual rates of visits for each provider type.

Results

A total of 875 children contributed 2889 person‐years. Of the total 22,570 outpatient visits, 52% were with a PCP and 34% with a hematologist. Annually, 87%–93% of children had a visit with a PCP, and 63%–85% had a visit with a hematologist. Approximately 66% of total person‐years had both visit types within a year. The annual rate ranged from 2.3 to 2.5 for hematologist visits and from 3.7 to 4.1 for PCP visits.

Conclusions

Substantial gaps exist in the receipt of annual hematology care. Given that the majority of children with SCA see a PCP annually, strategies to leverage primary care visits experienced by this population may be needed to increase receipt of SCA‐specific services.
Feasibility study of an integrated pre‐curing and forming process for 6061 Al alloy and carbon fiber hybrid composites
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Wang Qin , Yu Shixiang , Wang Ting , Jia Hongjie , Ren Mingwen
Published: May 2024

This article proposes a 6061‐T6 Al alloy and carbon fiber hybrid composite material pre‐curing and forming integrated new process, which can significantly reduce the hybrid composite material processing time, improve the production efficiency, and provide the possibility of hybrid composite materials in automotive parts applications. The process started by placing hand‐stacked carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites on the surface of 6061 Al alloy sheets, followed by bonding and pre‐curing of the CFRP to the Al alloy sheets through two different sets of dies in a hydraulic press, and ultimately full curing in an aging furnace. Mechanical properties of the CFRP/Al hybrid composite material were measured by flexural tests. The results show that the flexural strength of CFRP/Al hybrid composites with different layups ([90]12, [0/45/90/−45]3, and [0]12) was increased by 159%, 93.4%, and 67.9%, respectively, compared with the single 6061 Al alloy. According to the macro‐morphological observation, [90]12 lay‐up parts have the least thinning. According to the microstructure observation, no obvious cracks or voids were found in the [90]12 lay‐up parts. Elongated cracks and void defects could be found in the [0]12 lay‐up parts. For the [0/45/90/−45]3 lay‐up parts, voids are mainly exist in ±45°layups. The results of the spring‐back analysis show that the standard deviation of the formed parts obtained from the three lay‐up methods is within 1 mm, indicating that the forming effect is good.

Highlights

New process improves productivity and reduces production costs

The flexural strength of CFRP/Al hybrid parts is greatly improved

[90]°12 lay‐up parts have the least thinning and no cracks were found

The forming precision of the three lay‐up parts is good
Characterisation and critical processes identification for production of herbal preparations using 1H‐NMR and chemometrics: A case study of Trichosanthis Pericarpium injection
Authors: Yang Jiayu , Lu Yuting , Dong Ying , Ding Jinguo , Li Wenzhu , Shi Yingting , Xie Xinyuan , Pan Jianyang , Qu Haibin
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Herbal preparations are extensively utilised for the treatment of diseases in Asian countries. However, the variations in origin, climate, and production processes can lead to inconsistencies in the quality of herbal preparations. Existing quality control methods only target a few components in the finished product but ignore the control in the pharmaceutical process. Therefore, this study intends to develop a comprehensive component analysis method for intermediates in the pharmaceutical process to reveal the change patterns of substances and deepen the process understanding.

Objective

This study aims to develop a rapid and comprehensive process characterisation and critical process identification method for herbal preparations.

Methods

Six batches of Trichosanthis Pericarpium injection (TPI) intermediates were collected from the production process. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) spectra were acquired for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the se intermediates. Subsequently, chemometrics were used to identify critical processes and potential chemical markers.

Results

A total of 39 components in intermediates were identified, and the transfer of 25 components during the production process was investigated. Column chromatography was determined as the critical process. Nine components were identified as chemical markers.

Conclusion

The application of 1H‐NMR facilitated a comprehensive reflection of the chemical composition information of process intermediates, enabling investigations into the transfer of multi‐component substances and accurate identification of critical processes and chemical markers.
Predicting teachers’ sense of efficacy: A multimodal analysis integrating SEM, deep learning, and ANN
Authors: Arpaci Ibrahim , Karataş Kasım , Gün Feyza , Süer Sedef
Published: May 2024

This study aims to investigate the predictive role of cultural intelligence, motivation to teach, and “culturally responsive classroom management self‐efficacy” (CRCMSE) in teachers’ sense of efficacy. The study utilized a combination of “structural equation modeling” (SEM), deep learning, and “artificial neural network” (ANN) to analyze data collected from 1061 preservice teachers. The SEM analysis indicated that cultural intelligence, motivation to teach, and CRCMSE significantly predicted the sense of efficacy of the teacher candidates, accounting for 59% of the variance. Additionally, the ANN model accurately predicted the teachers’ sense of efficacy with 75.71% and 75.17% accuracy for training and testing, respectively. The sensitivity analysis revealed that CRCMSE played the most crucial role in predicting the preservice teachers’ sense of efficacy. The deep learning model also predicted the sense of efficacy with an overall accuracy of 74.18%. The utilization of a multimodal analysis approach facilitated the identification of both linear and nonlinear relationships between the constructs.
Does growth mindset benefit negative mental health among middle school students: The role of psychological resilience and gender
Authors: Lei Weina , Hu Weiping , Guo Hongxia , Dai David Yun
Published: May 2024

The mental health problems have been increasingly threatening the development of adolescence in China, it is very necessary to explore the protective factors preventing adolescents' negative mental health. Previous studies suggested that growth mindset benefits mental health. However, the internal psychological mechanism underlying this relationship is still unclear. This study investigated the relation between growth mindset and negative mental health among Chinese adolescence, and simultaneously tested the mediating effect of psychological resilience and the moderating role of gender in the mediation process of this relation. A total of 1204 middle school students (624 male students and 580 female students) in China completed measures on growth mindset, psychological resilience, and negative mental health. The results revealed that growth mindset not only directly predicted negative mental health, but also indirectly predicted negative mental health through the mediating path of psychological resilience. Moreover, the mediating effect of psychological resilience in the relationship between growth mindset and negative mental health was moderated for females and not males. These findings indicated that intervention focus on growth mindset could improve psychological resilience and prevent negative mental health among middle school students.
Residualtöne mit Spektroskop untersuchen
Authors: Vogt Patrik , Kasper Lutz , Wilhelm Thomas , Kuhn Jochen
Published: May 2024

Die Schallanalyse‐App Spektroskop erlaubt, Frequenzspektren in hoher Qualität darzustellen und quantitativ auszuwerten. Wesentliche Vorteile gegenüber vergleichbaren Apps sind ihre einfache Bedienung sowie die Möglichkeit, mehrere Frequenzspektren gleichzeitig darzustellen. Das demonstriert hier die Analyse des sogenannten Residualtonhörens.
Primary care barriers and facilitators to nonpharmacologic treatments for low back pain: A qualitative pilot study
Authors: Roseen Eric J. , Joyce Christopher , Winbush Sophie , Pavco‐Luttschwager Natalie , Morone Natalia E. , Saper Robert B. , Bartels Stephen , Patel Kushang V. , Keysor Julie J. , Bean Jonathan F. , Laird Lance D.
Published: May 2024

Background

Clinical practice guidelines encourage primary care providers (PCPs) to recommend nonpharmacologic treatment as first‐line therapy for low back pain (LBP). However, the determinants of nonpharmacologic treatment use for LBP in primary care remain unclear, particularly in low‐income settings.

Objective

To pilot a framework‐informed interview guide and codebook to explore determinants of nonpharmacologic treatment use in primary care.

Methods

In this qualitative interview study, we enrolled PCPs and community health workers (CHWs) from four primary care clinics at a safety net hospital. A semistructured interview guide informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) guided inquiry on barriers/facilitators to nonpharmacologic treatments for LBP (eg, acupuncture, chiropractic care, physical therapy). We included questions on whether current CHW roles may address barriers to nonpharmacologic treatment use. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, and independently coded by four investigators. An a priori codebook composed of CFIR determinants and known CHW roles guided deductive content analysis to identify major themes.

Results

Eight individuals (six PCPs, two CHWs; age range: 32–51 years, five female) participated in hour‐long interviews. Half had worked at the hospital for ≥15 years and all reported seeing patients with LBP (range: 2–20 patients per week). All participants identified the following CFIR factors as barriers/facilitators: nonpharmacologic treatment characteristics (perceived cost, relative advantage compared to other treatments); outer setting (patient needs/resources, limited connections with community‐based nonpharmacologic treatment) and PCP characteristics (attitudes/beliefs about nonpharmacologic treatments). Although participants indicated several CHW roles could be adapted to address barriers (eg, care coordination, resource linking, case management), other roles seemed less feasible (eg, targeted health education) in our health care system.

Conclusions

Preliminary insight on key determinants of nonpharmacologic treatments for LBP should be further examined in large multisite studies. Future studies may also determine whether a CHW‐led strategy can improve nonpharmacologic treatment access and clinical outcomes in primary care.
Nitrogen fixation and H2O2 production by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet operated in He–H20–N2–O2 gas mixtures
Authors: Schüttler Steffen , Kaufmann Jannis , Golda Judith
Published: May 2024

Atmospheric pressure plasmas are widely used for nitrogen fixation processes to produce ammonia NH3 or nitrogen oxides NOx, including, for example, nitrite NO2− or nitrate NO3−. Small‐scale atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) can provide the production of these species on demand at the site of consumption. The species of interest are generated by the plasma and can be dissolved in liquids, for example, to use them. In this work, liquid treatments were performed by an APPJ operated in a He––– gas composition to investigate the influence of the gas composition on the production of hydrogen peroxide , and . A validation of two diagnostics showed that the spectrophotometric approach using ammonium metavanadate was interfered by other species when was added to the system. Thus, electrochemical sensing of was performed. The concentrations of and were measured by commercially available test kits based on the o‐phythalaldehyde method and the Griess reagent, respectively. At low admixtures, the dominant species was with a maximum concentration of 0.9 mM, while became dominant at admixtures of 0.5% and higher with concentrations of up to 1.5 mM. was also present in the system and could be measured at low concentrations of less than 0.2 mM in the liquid. By varying the treatment distance and the gas flow rate, insights into the transport phenomena of the species and their dissolution into the liquid could be gained. Low‐frequency pulsing of the radio frequency (RF) jet led to an accumulating effect on , a reduced production of and a switch from ‐dominated production to ‐dominated production.