bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beschränktes Alkoholverkaufsverbot in Baden-Württemberg: wirksames Gesetz abgeschafft
Authors: Baumann Florian , Buchwald Achim , Friehe Tim , Hottenrott Hanna , Mechtel Mario
Published: January 2020

The authors report results of a study that analyses the effects of a ban on late-night off-premise alcohol sales on recorded violent crime incidents. The ban was in effect from 2010 to 2017 in the German state of Baden-Wurttemberg. The alcohol availability policy reduced both late-night simple and aggravated assault, but had no significant effect on late-night rape or late-night robbery incidences. The recorded decrease in the count for simple and aggravated assault contrasts with the results in an earlier evaluation by the state. When seen together with evidence on health effects and police reports, all data suggests that the state government abolished a regulation that was effective at meeting the aforementioned targets.
Experimental Validation of an ITAP Numerical Model and the Effect of Implant Stem Stiffness on Bone Strain Energy
Authors: Ahmed K. , Greene R. J. , Aston W. , Briggs T. , Pendegrass C. , Moazen M. , Blunn G.
Published: January 2020

The Intraosseous Transcutaneous Amputation Prosthesis (ITAP) offers transfemoral amputees an ambulatory method potentially reducing soft tissue complications seen with socket and stump devices. This study validated a finite element (in silico) model based on an ITAP design and investigated implant stem stiffness influence on periprosthetic femoral bone strain. Results showed good agreement in the validation of the in silico model against the in vitro results using uniaxial strain gauges and Digital Image Correlation (DIC). Using Strain Energy Density (SED) thresholds as the stimulus for adaptive bone remodelling, the validated model illustrated that: (a) bone apposition increased and resorption decreased with increasing implant stem flexibility in early stance; (b) bone apposition decreased (mean change = − 9.8%) and resorption increased (mean change = 20.3%) from distal to proximal in most stem stiffness models in early stance. By engineering the flow of force through the implant/bone (e.g. by changing material properties) these results demonstrate how periprosthetic bone remodelling, thus aseptic loosening, can be managed. This paper finds that future implant designs should be optimised for bone strain under a variety of relevant loading conditions using finite element models to maximise the chances of clinical success.
Sexual Orientation and Cognitive Ability: A Multivariate Meta-Analytic Follow-Up
Authors: Xu Yin , Norton Sam , Rahman Qazi
Published: January 2020

A cross-sex shift model of human sexual orientation differences predicts that homosexual men should perform or score in the direction of heterosexual women, and homosexual women in the direction of heterosexual men, in behavioral domains such as cognition and personality. In order to test whether homosexual men and women’s cognitive performance was closer to that of heterosexual men or that of heterosexual women (i.e., sex-atypical for their sex and closer to that of the opposite-sex), we conducted a multivariate meta-analysis based on data from our previous meta-analysis (Xu, Norton, & Rahman, 2017). A subset of this data was used and comprised 30 articles (and 2 unpublished datasets) and 244,434 participants. The multivariate meta-analysis revealed that homosexual men were sex-atypical in mental rotation (Hedges’g = −0.36) and the water level test (Hedges’g = −0.55). In mental rotation, homosexual men were in-between heterosexual men and women. There was no significant group difference on spatial location memory. Homosexual men were also sex-atypical on male-favoring spatial-related tasks (Hedges’g = −0.54), and female-favoring spatial-related tasks (Hedges’g = 0.38). Homosexual women tended to be sex-typical (similar to heterosexual women). There were no significant group differences on male-favoring “other” tasks or female-favoring verbal-related tasks. Heterosexual men and women differed significantly on female-favoring “other” tasks. These results support the cross-sex shift hypothesis which predicts that homosexual men perform in the direction of heterosexual women in sex differentiated cognitive domains. However, the type of task and cognitive domain tested is critical.
An Extended Twin-Pedigree Study of Different Classes of Voluntary Exercise Behavior
Authors: van der Zee Matthijs D. , Helmer Q. , Boomsma D. I. , Dolan C. V. , de Geus E. J. C.
Published: January 2020

We investigated the familial clustering of different classes of voluntary regular exercise behavior in extended twin-family pedigrees. In contrast to the earlier work based on twin data only, this allowed us to estimate the contributions of shared household effects (C), additive (A), and non-additive (D) genetic effects on voluntary exercise behavior. To test whether shared household effects were inflated by assortative mating we examined the causes of spousal resemblance. For adolescent and adult participants (aged 16 to 65) in the Netherlands Twin Register we constructed 19,543 pedigrees which specified all relations among nuclear family members and larger families in the register (N = 50,690 individuals). Data were available on total weekly MET minutes spent on leisure time exercise, and on total weekly MET minutes spent on exercise activities in team-based, solitary, competitive, non-competitive, externally paced and internally paced exercise. We analyzed the data in the Mendel software package (Lange et al. in Bioinformatics 29(12):1568–1570, 2013) under multiple definitions of household sharing and used data from spouses of twins to test phenotypic assortment, social homogamy, and marital interaction as potential sources of spousal resemblance. Results confirmed the influence of genetic factors on the total volume of weekly exercise behavior throughout the life span. Broad sense heritability ranged from 34 to 41% (19–26% A, 12–21% D), and did not depend on the definition for household sharing. Engaging in team-based, competitive, externally paced activities (e.g., soccer) was ~ 13% more heritable than engaging in non-competitive, solitary activities (e.g., jogging). Having shared a household as siblings explained 4–8% of the variance in adult exercise behavior, whereas sharing a household by spouses yielded higher C estimates (20–24%), as it incorporates spousal resemblance. Spousal resemblance was explained by both social homogamy and marital interaction, with little evidence for phenotypic assortment. We conclude that both the amount of voluntary exercise behavior and the preference for specific classes of exercise activities in adults is explained by additive and non-additive genetic factors and unique environmental influences that include correlated exercise behavior of spouses.
Phosphorus and carbon in soil particle size fractions: A synthesis
Authors: Spohn Marie
Published: January 2020

Despite the importance of phosphorus (P) as a macronutrient, the factors controlling the pool sizes of organic and inorganic P (OP and IP) in soils are not yet well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to gain insights into the pools sizes of OP, IP and organic carbon (OC) in soils and soil particle size fractions. For this purpose, I analyzed the distribution of OP, IP, and OC among particle size fractions depending on geographical location, climate, soil depth, and land use, based on published data. The clay size fraction contained on average 8.8 times more OP than the sand size fraction and 3.9 and 3.2 times more IP and OC, respectively. The OP concentrations of the silt and clay size fraction were both negatively correlated with mean annual temperature (R2 = 0.30 and 0.31, respectively, p < 0.001). The OC:OP ratios of the silt and clay size fraction were negatively correlated with latitude (R2 = 0.49 and 0.34, respectively, p < 0.001). Yet, the OC:OP ratio of the clay size fraction changed less markedly with latitude than the OC:OP ratio of the silt and the sand size fraction. The OC concentrations of all three particle size fractions were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in soils converted to cropland than in adjacent soils under natural vegetation. In contrast, the OP concentration was only significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the sand size fraction but not in the other two particle size fractions due to land-use change. Thus, the findings suggest that OP is more persistent in soil than OC, which is most likely due to strong sorptive stabilization of OP compounds to mineral surfaces.
How Pro-social Framing Affects the Success of Crowdfunding Projects: The Role of Emphasis and Information Crowdedness
Authors: Defazio Daniela , Franzoni Chiara , Rossi-Lamastra Cristina
Published: January 2020

Crowdfunding is regarded a financing mechanism that could improve the funding opportunities of businesses with a pro-social orientation. Indeed, it is assumed that on digital platforms, citizens are inclined to provide more support to projects with a social benefit than to those without such an orientation, with significant ethical implications for the common good. Yet, extant empirical evidence regarding such a claim is still inconclusive. To advance this discussion, the present paper analyzes the conditions that influence crowd support for projects displaying a pro-social orientation on a reward-based crowdfunding platform. To build our hypotheses, we adopt the lens of framing theory, and we relate it to the digital context. Beginning from the premise that, on crowdfunding platforms, information about projects has ahierarchical structure,we argue that a project’s success crucially depends on how much its proponent emphasizes the pro-social cues within this structure. Moreover, we propose that because pro-social cues demarcate a project over others, the effectiveness of pro-social framing is enhanced when the number of projects on the platform, i.e., itscrowdedness, increases. Logit estimates on 8631 Kickstarter projects indicate that pro-social framing is positively associated with success as we expected, yet only when it is moderately emphasized. Further, we find that crowdedness on the platform positively moderates the effect of pro-social orientation on success.
On the Effects of Linking Cap-and-Trade Systems for $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ Emissions
Authors: Holtsmark Bjart , Weitzman Martin L.
Published: January 2020

Linkage of national cap-and-trade systems is typically advocated by economists on a general analogy with the beneficial linkage of free-trade areas and on the specific grounds that linkage will ensure cost effectiveness among the linked jurisdictions. The paper analyses the less obvious effects of linkage with the bottom–up approach of the Paris Agreement where each country sets its nationally determined contribution for its own carbon dioxide ($$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$CO2) emissions. An appropriate and widely accepted specification for the damages of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$CO2 emissions within a relatively short (say 5–10 year) period is that marginal damages for each jurisdiction are constant (although they can differ among jurisdictions). With this defensible assumption, the analysis is significantly clarified and yields simple closed-form expressions for all $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$CO2 permit prices. Some implications for linked and unlinked voluntary $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$CO2 cap-and-trade systems are derived and discussed. A numerical example illustrates the results.
Effects of temperature on food isotopic integrity and trophic fractionation in Chironomus riparius in laboratory experiments
Authors: Belle Simon , Hiltunen Evelina , Nilsson Jenny L. , Goedkoop Willem
Published: January 2020

Our experimental study was designed to assess the effects of temperature on food isotopic integrity and trophic fractionations (of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes: Δ13C and Δ15N) in chironomid larvae. A laboratory experiment was run using Chironomus riparius larvae at 15, 18 and 23°C, and under three pulverized food resources. There were significant changes in the stable isotopic composition of the uneaten food, revealing the difficulty of preventing food microbial degradation in rearing experiments. C/N ratios of chironomid larvae were also affected by temperature, regardless of the food resource, suggesting changes in lipid contents and associated effects on the larval δ13C values. Therefore, differences in calculation methods (with vs. without lipid normalizations, fresh vs. old food isotopic baselines) induced large variability in Δ13C and Δ15N values, but our trophic fractionation estimates were similar to those previously reported in literature. Therefore, we conclude that temperature is not a major driver of the variability in trophic fractionations for chironomid larvae, and stable isotope composition of aquatic consumers can be used in food webs studies under changing temperature conditions. Variability in trophic fractionation estimates should, however, be considered to avoid misinterpretations of food web structure.
Latitudinal, seasonal and depth-dependent variation in growth, chemical composition and biofouling of cultivated Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae) along the Norwegian coast
Authors: Forbord Silje , Matsson Sanna , Brodahl Guri E. , Bluhm Bodil A. , Broch Ole Jacob , Handå Aleksander , Metaxas Anna , Skjermo Jorunn , Steinhovden Kristine Braaten , Olsen Yngvar
Published: January 2020

The Norwegian coastline covers more than 10° in latitude and provides a range in abiotic and biotic conditions for seaweed farming. In this study, we compared the effects of cultivation depth and season on the increase in biomass (frond length and biomass yield), chemical composition (protein, tissue nitrogen, intracellular nitrate and ash content) and biofouling (total cover and species composition) of cultivatedSaccharina latissimaat nine locations along a latitudinal gradient from 58 to 69° N. The effects of light and temperature on frond length and biofouling were evaluated along with their relevance for selecting optimal cultivation sites. Growth was greater at 1–2 m than at 8–9 m depth and showed large differences among locations, mainly in relation to local salinity levels. Maximum frond lengths varied between 15 and 100 cm, and maximum biomass yields between 0.2 and 14 kg m−2. Timing of maximum frond length and biomass yield varied with latitude, peaking 5 and 8 weeks later in the northern location (69° N) than in the central (63° N) and southern (58° N) locations, respectively. The nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor (averaged across all locations and depths) was 3.8, while protein content varied from 22 to 109 mg g−1DW, with seasonality and latitude having the largest effect. The onset of biofouling also followed a latitudinal pattern, with a delayed onset in northern locations and at freshwater-influenced sites. The dominant epibiont was the bryozoanMembranipora membranacea. Our results demonstrate the feasibility ofS. latissimacultivation along a wide latitudinal gradient in North Atlantic waters and underscore the importance of careful site selection for seaweed aquaculture.
Exercise-related T-wave oversensing: an underestimated cause of reduced exercise capacity in a pacemaker-dependent patient—a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Topf Albert , Motloch Lukas J. , Kraus Johannes , Danmayr Franz , Mirna Moritz , Schernthaner Christiane , Hoppe Uta C. , Strohmer Bernhard
Published: January 2020

A 62-year-old pacemaker-dependent patient presented to our department with a sudden onset of reduced physical capacity. While initial physical and pacemaker evaluations remained without specific findings, Holter-ECG monitoring revealed an abnormal rate response with unusual pauses during physical exercise. Consequently, closer evaluation of the pacemaker system revealed intermittent, exercise-related T-wave oversensing (TWOS). While TWOS remains a significant burden in ICD-patients, it might be an underestimated but clinically significant event in pacemaker patients. Further studies should evaluate the impact of TWOS in this patient population.
Method of electron affinity evaluation for the type-2 InAs/InAs1−xSbx superlattice
Authors: Manyk Tetiana , Murawski Krzysztof , Michalczewski Krystian , Grodecki Kacper , Rutkowski Jaroslaw , Martyniuk Piotr
Published: January 2020

The type-2 InAs/InAs1−xSbx superlattices on GaAs substrate with GaSb buffer layer were investigated by comparison of theoretical simulations and experimental data. The algorithm for selection of input parameters (binary and ternary materials) for simulations is presented. We proposed the method of the bandgap energy extraction of the absorption curve. The correct choice of the bulk materials and bowing parameters for the ternary alloys allows to reach good agreement of the experimental data and theoretical approach. One of the key achievements of this work was an electron affinity assessment for the device’s theoretical simulation. The detectivity of the long-/very long-wave InAs/InAs1−xSbx superlattice photoconductors at the level of ~ 8 × 109 cm Hz1/2/W (cutoff wavelength 12 µm) and ~ 9 × 108 cm Hz1/2/W (cutoff wavelength 18 µm) at a temperature 230 K confirmed the good quality of these materials.
Paleo-environmental evidence of ecosystem change in Lake St. Clair region of Laurentian Great Lakes basin: contrasting responses to land-use change and invasive mussels
Authors: Baustian Melissa M. , Brooks Yolanda M. , Baskaran Mark , Leavitt Peter R. , Liu Bo , Ostrom Nathaniel , Stevenson R. Jan , Rose Joan B.
Published: January 2020

The Laurentian Great Lakes have been subject to substantial modification from diverse anthropogenic stressors, including nutrient enrichment, climate change, chemical and biological pollutants, and invasive species, yet little is known of the relative historical influence of these factors. Here we analyze diverse fossil metrics from vibracores at two sites, a bay area (Anchor Bay) and a tributary (Clinton River) in the Lake St. Clair ecosystem to determine the ecological responses from land-use practices and invasive mussel invasions. Sediment cores spanning over 100 years indicated that the expansion of non-native Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena rostriformis (dreissenid mussels) into Anchor Bay site after the mid-1990s was associated with ~ 60 to 95% reduction in algal and cyanobacterial abundances and twofold increase in sedimentary organic matter (SOM) and bioavailable phosphorus. These increases in SOM and bioavailable phosphorus are relatively similar to increases inferred from the late nineteenth century when large portions of the watershed were cleared and drained for agriculture. In contrast, the Clinton River site experienced a continuous increase in the influx of nutrients, organic matter, and elevated sedimentary phototrophic pigments during the twentieth century and into the twenty-first century. Site comparisons suggest different mechanisms inducing changes in primary production varied, where Anchor Bay was mainly affected by the comparatively recent (since ca. mid-1990s) endogenous influence of invasive species, while the Clinton River site was primarily influenced by the input of exogenous anthropogenic nutrients over the past 100 years. These new findings illustrate that watershed management and policies within large lakes with multi-jurisdictional (national) Area of Concerns should consider site-specific regulatory mechanisms.
Phase Diagram of the Quantum Random Energy Model
Authors: Manai Chokri , Warzel Simone
Published: January 2020

We prove Goldschmidt’s formula (Goldschmidt in Phys Rev B 47:4858–4861, 1990) for the free energy of the quantum random energy model. In particular, we verify the location of the first order and the freezing transition in the phase diagram. The proof is based on a combination of variational methods on the one hand, and bounds on the size of percolation clusters of large-deviation configurations in combination with simple spectral bounds on the hypercube’s adjacency matrix on the other hand.
Improving coordination in small-scale multi-agent deep reinforcement learning through memory-driven communication
Authors: Pesce Emanuele , Montana Giovanni
Published: January 2020

Deep reinforcement learning algorithms have recently been used to train multiple interacting agents in a centralised manner whilst keeping their execution decentralised. When the agents can only acquire partial observations and are faced with tasks requiring coordination and synchronisation skills, inter-agent communication plays an essential role. In this work, we propose a framework for multi-agent training using deep deterministic policy gradients that enables concurrent, end-to-end learning of an explicit communication protocol through a memory device. During training, the agents learn to perform read and write operations enabling them to infer a shared representation of the world. We empirically demonstrate that concurrent learning of the communication device and individual policies can improve inter-agent coordination and performance in small-scale systems. Our experimental results show that the proposed method achieves superior performance in scenarios with up to six agents. We illustrate how different communication patterns can emerge on six different tasks of increasing complexity. Furthermore, we study the effects of corrupting the communication channel, provide a visualisation of the time-varying memory content as the underlying task is being solved and validate the building blocks of the proposed memory device through ablation studies.
Non-standard and constitutive boundary conditions in nonlocal strain gradient elasticity
Authors: Zaera R. , Serrano Ó. , Fernández-Sáez J.
Published: January 2020

Zaera et al. (Int J Eng Sci 138:65–81, 2019) recently showed that the nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT) is not consistent when it is applied to finite solids, since all boundary conditions associated to the corresponding problems cannot be simultaneously satisfied. Given the large number of works using the NSGT being currently published in the field of generalized continuum mechanics, it is pertinent to evince the shortcomings of the application of this theory. Some authors solved the problem omitting the constitutive boundary conditions. In the current paper we show that, in this case, the equilibrium fields are not compatible with the constitutive equation of the material. Other authors solved it omitting the non-standard boundary conditions. Here we show that, in this case, the solution does not fulfil conservation of energy. In conclusion, the inconsistency of the NSGT is corroborated, and its application must be prevented in the analysis of the mechanical behaviour of nanostructures.
Glial Factors Regulating White Matter Development and Pathologies of the Cerebellum
Authors: Revuelta Miren , Scheuer Till , Chew Li-Jin , Schmitz Thomas
Published: January 2020

The cerebellum is a brain region that undergoes extremely dynamic growth during perinatal and postnatal development which is regulated by the proper interaction between glial cells and neurons with a complex concert of growth factors, chemokines, cytokines, neurotransmitters and transcriptions factors. The relevance of cerebellar functions for not only motor performance but also for cognition, emotion, memory and attention is increasingly being recognized and acknowledged. Since perturbed circuitry of cerebro-cerebellar trajectories can play a role in many central nervous system pathologies and thereby contribute to neurological symptoms in distinct neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, is it the aim with this mini-review to highlight the pathways of glia–glia interplay being involved. The designs of future treatment strategies may hence be targeted to molecular pathways also playing a role in development and disease of the cerebellum.
Synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties of Ni, Co and FeCo nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide for removal of Cr(VI)
Authors: Malinga Nduduzo N. , Jarvis A. L. Leigh
Published: January 2020

To remove pollutants from industrial waste, magnetic separation by use of magnetic reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is a possible route, due to the high specific surface area of rGO. Reduced graphene oxide decorated with nickel, cobalt and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles was synthesized by means of modified coprecipitation methods. Nitrogen-doped reduced graphene was prepared by a thermal doping method. The resulting composites were characterized with scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Samples were magnetically characterized using vibrating sample magnetometer to determine the magnetic properties. All the prepared sampled were found to have weak ferromagnetic properties. The particle size distribution of the nanoparticles was determined using the TEM images and Image J software. The average particle size for the Co-rGO was 1.89 nm, 35.12 nm for Ni–rGO and 32.15 nm for CoFe–rGO. The Co–rGO was used as proof of principle to remove Cr(VI) ions from solution. The Co–rGO was recycled five times before it was deemed unusable.

Graphic abstract
Electrical bearing failures in electric vehicles
Authors: He Feng , Xie Guoxin , Luo Jianbin
Published: January 2020

In modern electric equipment, especially electric vehicles, inverter control systems can lead to complex shaft voltages and bearing currents. Within an electric motor, many parts have electrical failure problems, and among which bearings are the most sensitive and vulnerable components. In recent years, electrical failures in bearing have been frequently reported in electric vehicles, and the electrical failure of bearings has become a key issue that restricts the lifetime of all-electric motor-based power systems in a broader sense. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the bearing premature failure in the mechanical systems exposed in an electrical environment represented by electric vehicles. The electrical environments in which bearing works including the different components and the origins of the shaft voltages and bearing currents, as well as the typical modes of electrical bearing failure including various topographical damages and lubrication failures, have been discussed. The fundamental influence mechanisms of voltage/current on the friction/lubrication properties have been summarized and analyzed, and corresponding countermeasures have been proposed. Finally, a brief introduction to the key technical flaws in the current researches will be made and the future outlook of frontier directions will be discussed.
Interaktionsarbeit: Herausforderung für die arbeitswissenschaftliche Forschung
Authors: Tisch Anita , Beermann Beate , Wünnemann Louisa , Windel Armin
Published: January 2020

Interaktionsarbeit, verstanden als Arbeit an und mit Menschen, hat in den letzten Jahren einen erheblichen Bedeutungszuwachs erfahren. Während verschiedene Berufsfelder mit interaktiven Tätigkeitsanteilen bereits empirisch untersucht und unterschiedliche Konzepte zu Interaktionsarbeit vorgelegt wurden, sind relevante Fragen der Wirkung von Interaktionsarbeit auf Sicherheit und Gesundheit bei der Arbeit bislang weniger betrachtet worden. Zur menschengerechten Gestaltung von Interaktionsarbeit erscheint aus arbeitswissenschaftlicher Perspektive die Entwicklung einer übergeordneten Systematik zu den Anforderungen und Folgen von Interaktionsarbeit sowie ein Überblick über das vorliegende, empirisch gesicherte Gestaltungswissen sinnvoll.

Das Ziel des nachfolgenden Beitrages besteht darin, die Forschung zur Interaktionsarbeit im Kontext von Sicherheit und Gesundheit bei der Arbeit zu reflektieren sowie die Möglichkeiten einer konzeptionellen Einordnung unterschiedlicher spezifischer Formen der Interaktionsarbeit und die sich daraus ergebenden Gestaltungserfordernisse zu diskutieren.

Praktische Relevanz Für die gesundheits- und persönlichkeitsförderliche Gestaltung von Interaktionsarbeit sind Erkenntnisse über die spezifischen Arbeitsbedingungen und Anforderungen sowie deren Auswirkungen für die Beschäftigten zentral. Dieser Beitrag schlägt einen Ansatz für eine branchen- und berufsübergreifende Klassifikation von Merkmalen der Arbeit vor, die für die menschengerechte Gestaltung interaktiver Tätigkeiten relevant sind und zeigt die dafür erforderlichen weiteren Schritte auf.
Added value of dynamic magnetic resonance images in pelvic floor dysfunction
Authors: Rosato Guillermo O. , Chwat Carina , Lemme Gustavo , Alexandre Flavia , Valli Diego , Terres Marcelo , Perotti Juan Pablo
Published: January 2020

Purpose Pelvic floor dysfunction has a high prevalence in the adult population. The Dynamic and Multiplanar Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor (DMRIPF) represents an ideal tool for multidisciplinary management. The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the added value of the Dynamic and Multiplanar Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor in patients with suspected pelvic floor disorders.

Methods Retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of patients who underwent a DMRIPF due to suspected pelvic floor disorders between April 2005 and July 2019.

Results 359 patients were included. The average number of diagnoses achieved by physical examination was 1.2 vs. 2.5 by the Dynamic and Multiplanar Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor (p < 0.001). Physical examination found a single pathology in 80.8 % of cases. Anterior rectocele (AR) was the most frequent isolated diagnosis on physical examination (68 %). On the Dynamic and Multiplanar Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor, anterior rectocele was diagnosed as an isolated condition in 10.9 %. In 231 cases, anterior rectocele was associated with up to 5 other pelvic floor disorders. The number of individuals with associated pathologies of the posterior and anterior compartments tripled. It modified physical examination findings in 17 % of individuals and, in 63.5 %, allowed the identification of additional pelvic floor pathologies that were missed by physical examination. The Dynamic and Multiplanar Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor had greater added value in patients with anterior rectocele (59.6 % vs. 20.9 %; < 0.001). Female gender was also associated with a greater diagnostic yield (p < 0.001).

Conclusion The Dynamic and Multiplanar Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor allows the detection of multi-compartment defects that could otherwise go undetected, or even alter the initial clinical diagnosis, representing an ideal tool for multidisciplinary approach of pelvic floor dislocations, allowing a comprehensive therapeutic planning.
Intraoperative Intracavernosal Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) Injection Does Not Affect Systemic Hemodynamics
Authors: Taniguchi Hisanori , Mulhall John P.
Published: January 2020

Introduction

The systemic effect of intracavernosal liposomal bupivacaine (Exparel) injection during inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) implantation on systemic hemodynamics has not been clarified.

Aim

To evaluate whether intraoperative intracavernosal Exparel injection affects systemic hemodynamics.

Methods

We studied 56 consecutive patients who underwent IPP implantation under general anesthesia using the transverse scrotal approach. Exparel [10 mL of 1.3% (13.3 mg/mL)] was instilled bilaterally intracavernosally via a 25-gauge needle around 30 min after starting the surgery. All patients graded their postoperative pain using a standard 10-point scale.

Main Outcome Measure

Perioperative vital signs at defined time intervals and postoperative pain were monitored. The degree of postoperative pain were analyzed using a standard 10-point scale.

Results

Medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs) of the patients' age [64 years (57.3–69.3)], operation time [85 min (78–96)], and estimated blood loss [75 mL (29–100)] were recorded. Although the median preoperative systolic noninvasively measured blood pressure of 131 mm/Hg (IQR: 122–139) fell by 25% to 98 mm/Hg (IQR: 90–100) (P < .001) after anesthesia started, there was no significant decrease in blood pressure between before and after Exparel injection. The perioperative pulse rate and pulse oximetry oxygen saturation were stable. Neither arrhythmia nor convulsion occurred. Patients reported postoperative pain as 0 (IQR: 0–2.25) on a scale of 0–10.

Clinical Implications

Intraoperative intracavernosal Exparel injection is safe and effective in patients undergoing IPP implantation surgery.

Strength & Limitations

This is the first report to describe systemic hemodynamics of intracavernosal Exparel injection. Limitations are lack of blood concentration of Exparel at various time points and long-term follow-up for pain assessment.

Conclusion

Although limited by a lack of the blood concentration of Exparel and short follow-up for pain assessment, we concluded that intraoperative intracavernosal Exparel injection does not affect systemic hemodynamics.
A representation framework of product–service systems
Authors: Kim Yong Se
Published: January 2020

Product–service systems (PSSs) have drawn significant attention as a driver for business innovation and manufacturing servitization. A PSS is a system of products and services, supporting networks and infrastructure that are designed to satisfy customer needs and to generate values. In this paper, a representation framework for PSSs with eight spaces of product, customer, value, actor, service, business model, interaction context and time space has been proposed to help compare different PSSs and to support the design process. A PSS repository using the representation framework has been developed. To illustrate the representation method and its utility, 15 industry PSS cases are briefly introduced, and comparisons of these cases using the PSS representation framework and similarity assessments are explained. The utilities of the framework in designing PSSs and in analyzing and planning manufacturing servitization are discussed as well.
Experiences of international travel in patients with psychotic illness: a case series
Authors: Maher S. , Mikic Z. , McDonald C. , Flaherty G. T. , Hallahan B.
Published: January 2020

Objectives

To identify factors influencing successful international travel among patients with psychotic illness.

Methods

Eight individuals participated in a semi-structured interview of 15–20-minute duration with a clinician in relation to their recent experience of international travel. Clinical files were reviewed and a case series was compiled.

Results

Four individuals engaged in international travel without any adverse effects. Four other individuals experienced significant psychotic and/or affective symptoms while travelling. Treatment non-adherence, a lack of awareness of how to obtain support and limited or no pre-travel planning were noted in these individuals.

Conclusions

Pre-travel counselling, treatment adherence, provision of information packages relating to their mental illness and having contact details of their treating mental health team increase the likelihood of successful international travel in patients with psychotic illness. Travelling with a companion may reduce fear of relapse.
Should all community mental health teams be sectorised?
Authors: Vaughan R. , Antczak K. , Kowalewski L. , Feeney L.
Published: January 2020

Objectives

Sectorised catchment areas have characterised Irish mental health service delivery since the devolution of institutional care. Unlike other catchment areas, the Cluain Mhuire Community Mental Health Service (CMCMHS) never sectorised. With the development of Community Health Networks (CHNs) and Primary Care Centres, the CMCMHS has come under renewed pressure for structural change. We aimed to consider the implications of these proposed changes on staff and service users.

Method

We obtained demographic information comparing the CHNs with respect to attendee numbers, new referrals and admissions over a 1- year period. Secondly, we conducted an anonymous survey seeking opinions on the proposals to switch to a sector-based model and/or specialist inpatient care.

Results

Referral and admission rates differed across CHNs, broadly consistent with populations. About 36% of staff and 33% of service users supported changing to a sector-based system. In the event of a sector-based system of care being implemented, 66% of service users felt that existing service users should remain under the care of their current team. There was little support among any group for the development of specialist inpatient teams.

Conclusions

We discuss the benefits and drawbacks of sectorisation of mental health service provision. Most patients did not want to change teams either as current service users or as re-referrals (indicating it will take a significant time to transition to a sector-based system). Without clear pathways towards integration with primary care teams, the advantages of sectorisation may not outweigh the challenges associated with its implementation.
¿Qué Bola?: What's New (and What Isn't) in Cuba
Authors: Grant Julienne E.
Published: January 2020

In 2017, several colleagues and I published a “Guide to Cuban Law and Legal Research” in the summer issue of the International Journal of Legal Information (IJLI) (Vol. 45, no. 2). Since then, much has transpired in Cuba, and much has happened vis à vis the island's relationships with the outside world. The following article highlights a number of these developments and notes several new resources related to Cuban law and politics. I drew some of the article's content from a contribution I penned for the blog of the International Association of Law Libraries (IALL) in July 2019.
The impact of a post-operative clinical care pathway on head and neck microvascular free tissue transfer outcomes
Authors: Mhawej R , Harmych B M , Houlton J J , Tabangin M E , Meinzen-Derr J , Patil Y J
Published: January 2020

Objective

To study the impact of a clinical care pathway and computerised order set on short-term post-operative outcomes for patients undergoing head and neck free tissue transfer.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, patients who underwent head and neck free tissue transfer by a single reconstructive surgeon between January 2007 and July 2009 were assigned to one of two cohorts based on the timing of their surgery: pre- or post-clinical care pathway implementation. Measured outcomes included peri-operative complications and mortality, length of hospital stay and costs, unplanned reoperations, and readmissions within 30 days of discharge.

Results

The pre-clinical care pathway cohort included 81 patients and the post-clinical care pathway cohort comprised 46. Implementation of the clinical care pathway was associated with decreased variability in length of hospital stay (median (interquartile range) = 8 (6, 11) vs 7 (6, 9) days). The post-clinical care pathway cohort also had a significantly lower unplanned reoperation rate (15.2 vs 35.8 per cent, p = 0.01).

Conclusion

A clinical care pathway is a successful means of standardising and improving complex patient care. In this study, care pathway implementation in head and neck free tissue transfer patients improved efficiency and the quality of patient care.
THE LIKELIHOOD OF EFFECTIVE LOWER BOUND EVENTS
Authors: Franta Michal
Published: January 2020

This paper provides estimates of the probability of an economy hitting its effective lower bound (ELB) on the nominal interest rate and of the expected duration of such an event for eight advanced economies. To that end, a mean-adjusted panel vector autoregression with static interdependencies and the possibility of regime change is estimated. The simulation procedure produces ELB risk estimates for both the short term, where the current phase of the business cycle plays an important role, and the medium term, where the occurrence of an ELB situation is determined mainly by the equilibrium values of macroeconomic variables. The paper also discusses the ELB event probability estimates with respect to previous approaches used in the literature.
Breaking and Entering: State-Level Recognition of Women as Lawyers
Authors: Perretta Heather
Published: January 2020

Research on state-level suffrage associations points to women's greater participation in the public sphere—higher education, the professions, and civic organizations—as a significant predictor of a state's suffrage association succeeding in securing woman suffrage prior to passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. This finding raises the question of how women gained access to those areas of public life that had formal barriers to entry—higher education and the professions. Specifically, did women's participation in civic organizations play a role in helping women gain access to these areas of the public realm? Using event history analysis, this study explores the role of the Literary Club movement and the Suffrage movement in influencing a state's policy regarding women's right to practice law. I employ the concept of institutional logics to argue that Clubwomen and Suffragists exploited contradictions in the logics of traditional gender roles and of the American political system to press for expanded opportunities for women in the public realm. Their success in these efforts, however, was influenced by their organizations’ deference to the dictates of traditional gender roles.
Fair-value analytical valuation of reset executive stock options consistent with IFRS9 requirements
Authors: Konstandatos Otto
Published: January 2020

Executive stock options (ESOs) are widely used to reward employees and represent major items of corporate liability. The International Accounting Standards Board IFRS9 financial reporting standard which came into full effect on 1-Jan 2018, along with its Australian implementation AASB9, requires public corporations to report their fair-value cost in financial statements. Reset ESOs are typically issued to re-incentivise employees by allowing the option to be cancelled and re-issued with a lower exercise price or later maturity. We produce a novel analytical Reset ESO valuation consistent with the IFRS9 financial reporting standard incorporating the simultaneous resetting of vesting period, exercise window, reset level and maturity. We allow for voluntary and involuntary exercise. Our analytical result is expressed solely in terms of standardised European binary power option instruments. Using the multi-state mortality model of Hariyanto (2014, Mortality and disability modelling with an application to pricing a reverse mortgage contract, PhD thesis, University of Melbourne), we estimate longitudinal disability and death transition probabilities from cross-sectional data. We determine survival functions for pre-vesting forfeiture or post-vesting involuntary exercise for use with weighted portfolios of our formulae to illustrate the effect of survival on the fair value. We examine the IFRS9 method of valuation using expected time to option exercise and demonstrate a consistent overestimation of fair value of up to 27% for senior executives.
Supplemental vitamin D3 does not affect musculoskeletal or	psychomotor performance in college aged males
Authors: Bellar David , Murphy Kellie , Davis Greggory R. , Judge Lawrence W.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The experiment examined the effects 4 weeks of vitamin D (Vit D) supplementation versus placebo on musculoskeletal and psychomotor performance. Thirty-two college age males (Age: 22 ± 4 y, Height: 177.7 ± 8.3 cm, Weight: 81.5 ± 14.6 kg, BF%: 19.6 ± 7.9, Vit D: 20.0 ± 7.2 ng/ml). Participants were assigned to group (Vit D vs placebo) and remained blind throughout the study. The treatments were 4000 IU of Vit D3 or placebo (dextrose) administered daily for 4 weeks. The participants underwent baseline testing for isometric strength, explosive ability and psychomotor performance, which was repeated at week 2 and week 4. Isometric tests consisted of an Isometric Mid Thigh Pull on a Force Plate (IMTP) and an upper body isometric test (UBIST) using a load cell. Peak force during a countermovement jump (CMJ) was also determined via force plate. A psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) was used to measure sustained reaction time. Analysis of the UBIST data did not reveal a significant group × time interaction (p = 0.14; Vit D pre: 553.7 ± 168.3 N, post: 585.5 ± 150.2 N; Placebo pre: 677.7 ± 182.3 N, post: 649.8 ± 236.9 N). For IMTP no significant group × time interaction (p = 0.83; Vit D pre: 2596.4 ± 342.3 N, post: 2606.9 ± 378.3 N; Placebo pre: 2684.0 ± 432.9 N, post: 2762.6 ± 440.4 N) was found. CMJ analysis did not reveal interaction effects for group × time (p = 0.21; Vit D pre: 4429.7 ± 1619.0 N, post: 4938.5 ± 2374.8 N; Placebo pre: 5537.3 ± 3027.0 N, post: 6266.9 ± 4577.3 N). For PVT (mean reaction time) there was no significant interaction effects for group × time (p = 0.35; Vit D pre: 0.304 ± 0.041 sec, post: 0.301 ± 0.053 sec; Placebo pre: 0.295 ± 0.044 sec, post: 0.284 ± 0.029 sec). In conclusion, four weeks of Vit D supplementation was not effective in increasing musculoskeletal or psychomotor performance.
Lower serum levels of alpha tocopherol and lycopene are associated	with higher pain and physical disability in subjects with primary knee	osteoarthritis: A case-control study
Authors: Eftekharsadat Bina , Aghamohammadi Dawood , Dolatkhah Neda , Hashemian Maryam , Salami Halale
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Background: We aimed to determine dietary intake and serum concentration of α-tocopherol and lycopene in subjects with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in relation to pain intensity and functional status and comparing them with healthy controls. Methods: This case-control study was conducted among 35 patients with primary KOA and 35 matched healthy subjects selected using convenience sampling method. Dietary intakes of alpha-tocopherol and lycopene were estimated from 24-hour dietary records. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster (WOMAC) index were used to assess the pain and functional status, respectively. Results: Serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol ( 0.024 ± 0.005 vs. 0.028 ± 0.007 μmol/ml, p-value =  0.021) and lycopene ( 0.616 ± 0.191 vs. 0.727 ± 0.159 μmol/l, p-value =  0.011) were significantly lower in OA patients in comparison with healthy controls. Dietary intake of alpha-tocopherol was negatively associated with total WOMAC score ( r =  –0.401, p–value =  0.021) and pain ( r =  –0.356, p-value =  0.042) and physical function ( r =  –0.355, p-value =  0.043) subscales. Dietary intake of lycopene was negatively associated with total WOMAC score ( r =  –0.616, p-value <  0.001) and pain ( r =  –0.348, p-value =  0.047) and physical function ( r =  –0.606, p-value <  0.001) subscales. Additionally, serum concentration of alpha-tocopherol was negatively associated with total WOMAC score ( r =  –0.574, p-value <  0.001) and physical function subscale ( r =  –0.571, p-value <  0.001). Serum concentration of lycopene was negatively associated with total WOMAC score ( r =  –0.360, p-value =  0.040) and physical function subscale ( r =  –0.350, p-value =  0.046) Conclusion: Serum concentrations of α-tocopherol and lycopene were significantly lower in patients with KOA than in healthy controls. Significant negative association was detected between serum concentration and dietary intake of α-tocopherol and lycopene with functional disability in patients with KOA.
What’s in an Adjective?
Authors: Wiedenroth Anne , Leising Daniel
Published: January 2020

Abstract. In this exploratory study, a group of subjects was asked to come up with visible and quantifiable behaviors tied to certain person-descriptive adjectives. Another group of subjects then rated how much different levels of the behaviors would justify the use of each adjective to describe a person, as a cross-validation. The reliability of these ratings was excellent. Associations between adjectives and “their” behaviors were very strong and largely specific. The shapes of associations were usually linear or negatively accelerated, which is highly relevant for the formal modeling of person perception processes. Researchers aiming to measure personality in terms of behavior should make more systematic use of the knowledge that competent users of the natural language already share in this regard.