bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Répercussions des publications et des expositions sur la création en art autochtone de la côte Nord-Ouest
Authors: Roth Solen
Published: November 2018

Ce qui correspond aujourd’hui à la catégorie « art de la côte Nord-Ouest » est en partie le produit de représentations académiques. Ainsi, les nombreuses publications et expositions à ce sujet, considérées par certains artistes comme de précieuses sources de savoir et d’inspiration, sont ressenties par d’autres comme les vecteurs d’effets d’imposition coloniale sur leur créativité. En effet, les limites de la catégorie « art de la côte Nord-Ouest » qu’anthropologues et historiens de l’art ont contribué à établir servent de canon de référence au grand public, aux acteurs du marché de l’art et aux artistes eux-mêmes. En conséquence, certaines formes d’art ont été privilégiées tant par les acheteurs que par les producteurs, alors que d’autres sont longtemps restées méconnues. Certains chercheurs et leurs institutions commencent à reconnaître les effets des représentations qu’ils produisent et à mieux tenir compte de la réflexion critique portée sur celles-ci par les artistes et d’autres acteurs autochtones.
L’affaire du Quassia amara
Authors: Collomb Gérard
Published: November 2018

Au début des années 2000, des études avaient été conduites en Guyane française par l’Institut de recherche pour le développement pour répertorier les pratiques thérapeutiques traditionnelles contre le paludisme et identifier les plantes utilisées. En janvier 2016, la Fondation France Libertés dénonçait le brevet posé sur une molécule active extraite du Quassia amara au motif que son « exploitation serait caractéristique d’actes de biopiraterie ». Cet article s’attache à la controverse qui s’est développée autour de cette imputation de biopiraterie, controverse qui permet de souligner les enjeux sociaux et politiques de cette mise en accusation portée sur la base des principes qui trouvent leur force dans les institutions internationales (Convention sur la diversité biologique et Protocole de Nagoya). En passant du global au local, on n’a pas seulement changé d’échelle, on a aussi transformé la nature même du débat : cette affaire a mobilisé l’État, les acteurs politiques locaux et les autochtones autour de stratégies qui visent avant tout à accorder ou à refuser une reconnaissance aux groupes amérindiens en tant que collectifs détenteurs d’un savoir.
« Le territoire c’est la valeur »
Authors: Duchesne Émile
Published: November 2018

Cet article propose une analyse des changements économiques chez les Innus d’Unamen Shipu (La Romaine) à partir des concepts de valeur, de mode de production et de personne tels que formulés par David Graeber et Terence Turner. Cette position théorique amène à reconsidérer le mode de production traditionnel innu en termes de production de personne. L’émergence des relations capitalistes chez les Innus a amené son lot de contradictions et d’adaptations dans l’univers innu. La continuité de la production de la personne innue dépendant de l’intégrité du territoire, l’auteur démontre comment a émergé un régime de valeur basé sur le territoire qui s’oppose au régime de la valeur-travail. L’article se termine sur une analyse des modalités d’échange des produits du territoire et montre comment les règles traditionnelles qui dictaient la circulation de ces produits se recomposent dans un contexte de généralisation des transactions monétaires.
Le régime des obligations positives de prévenir et de poursuivre à défaut d’extrader ou de remise prévues dans le texte des projets d’articles sur les crimes contre l’humanité provisoirement adoptés par la Commission du droit international
Authors: Cirimwami Ezéchiel Amani , Smis Stefaan
Published: November 2018

Cet article concerne le texte des projets d’articles sur les crimes contre l’humanité provisoirement adopté par la Commission du droit international à sa soixante-huitième session en 2016. Il n’est pas exclu que le texte adopté connaisse ultérieurement des modifications tenant compte de l’évolution des discussions au sein de la Commission du droit international. La version finale du texte des projets d’articles est très attendu par les internationalistes d’autant plus qu’en 2014, la Commission faisait déjà observer dans ce qui constitue un « Rapport final » sur le thème de l’obligation d’extrader ou de poursuivre (aut dedere aut judicare) que le régime conventionnel existant présentait d’importantes lacunes quant à l’obligation d’extrader ou de poursuivre qu’il pourrait être nécessaire de combler. Elle relevait notamment l’absence de conventions internationales comportant cette obligation à l’égard de la plupart des crimes contre l’humanité. Aussi, rappellera-t-elle avoir inscrit ce sujet à son programme de travail, dans le cadre duquel il était envisagé d’élaborer un nouvel instrument portant sur la prévention et la répression des crimes contre l’humanité dont l’un des éléments serait une obligation d’extrader ou de poursuivre les auteurs de ces crimes. Le texte tel qu’adopté pose clairement, d’une part, que les crimes contre l’humanité, qu’ils soient ou non commis en temps de conflit armé, sont des crimes au regard du droit international que les États s’engagent à prévenir et à punir. D’autre part, que les États doivent coopérer à cette fin notamment au moyen de l’obligation de poursuivre ou d’extrader ou de remise. Toutefois, il appert de l’analyse du texte adopté qu’il n’existe à charge des États ni obligation de juger les présumés auteurs, ni celle de les punir. L’obligation consiste en réalité pour l’État à soumettre l’affaire à ses autorités compétentes pour l’exercice de l’action pénale. Ceci ne veut pas dire non plus une obligation d’engager des poursuites dans la mesure où ces autorités gardent sur l’affaire, la maîtrise du déclenchement des poursuites. Elles sont aussi libres de classer celle-ci sans suite sans que cette décision contrevienne à l’obligation imposée à l’État dont elles relèvent, de poursuivre le suspect à défaut de l’extrader ou de le remettre à une juridiction internationale compétente.
La responsabilité civile de l’Organisation des Nations Unies. Effectivité et efficacité des mécanismes de réparation offerts pour les personnes privées : le cas des exactions sexuelles commises par les casques bleus
Authors: Mompontet Marion
Published: November 2018

Les opérations de maintien de la paix de l’Organisation des Nations Unies (OMPs) font régulièrement la une des médias mais ce n’est pas toujours pour leurs succès. Le nombre croissant d’OMPs déployées par le Conseil de Sécurité de l’Organisation des Nations Unies a également vu augmenter le nombre d’infractions sexuelles dans les pays hôtes. Ainsi l’année 2016 a été particulièrement marquée par des allégations d’exploitation et de violences sexuelles à l’encontre de femmes et de jeunes enfants, de sexe féminin comme masculin, commises par des membres des OMPs, et tout particulièrement des Casques bleus. Selon un rapport du nouveau Secrétaire général de l’Assemblée des Nations Unies, António Guterres, paru le 28 février 2017, rien que pour l’année 2016, 65 allégations d’exploitation et violences sexuelles ont été proférées à l’encontre du personnel civil, contre 80 allégations pour le personnel en uniforme. Au total, 311 victimes étaient concernées. Si beaucoup d’encre a déjà coulé sur le sujet de la responsabilité pénale individuelle des Casques bleus et le cadre juridique de leur action, peu a encore été dit sur la part de responsabilité que l’ONU détient dans la commission de ces graves infractions sexuelles. L’ONU accepte-t-elle sa part de responsabilité ? Indemnise-t-elle les victimes ? Cet article vise donc à analyser les mécanismes qu’offre l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour recenser les plaintes et indemniser les victimes d’exploitation et de violences sexuelles par les membres des opérations de maintien de la paix. Deux problèmes importants apparaissent alors : si bien des mécanismes sont élaborés, leur absence d’effectivité et d’efficacité et le refus flagrant de l’ONU d’accepter sa responsabilité civile en matière d’exploitation et de violences sexuelles subsistent à travers les années.
Acquisition of Title to Territory in the Aftermath of the Use of Force in the United
Nations Era: The case of the State of Israel
Authors: Soroczyński Rafał
Published: November 2018

The territory to which the State of Israel had a title as a newly-created state
corresponded to the areas allotted to Jews by the provisions of the resolution 181(II)
adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on November 29, 1947, which had
recommended the partition of Palestine and creation of the Arab state, the Jewish state and
the City of Jerusalem as a corpus separatum. As this territorial regime had been modified
during the Arab-Israeli war of 1948-1949 and Israel’s government has recognized the areas
seized by it during the war as part of its territorial domain, the problem arose as to
Israel’s title to those additional territories situated between the 1947 partition lines and
the lines established in accordance with the armistice agreements of 1949. Due to important
characteristics of the legal status of former mandatory Palestine and to the fact that
considerable parts thereof became occupied territories, the process of consolidation of the
title thereto required the consent of the international community as a whole. This consent
has in fact been granted, both by the international community and by representatives of
Palestinian Arabs, in respect of large parts of territories situated between the 1947
partition lines and the 1949 armistice lines. There are no doubts that the State of Israel
has sovereign, uncontested rights to these areas. As it constitutes important departure from
the generally accepted principle that the use of force in any form cannot serve as a root of
title to territory, this situation is of particular interest, providing support for the view
that this principle cannot be analyzed without due regard paid to those exceptional
situations where the international community decided to depart from its strict application
in order to safeguard stability of territorial solutions.
Les avantages et les inconvénients des contrats buy-back par rapport aux contrats de partage de production
Authors: Tabatabaei Seyed Hossein
Published: November 2018

Dans les contrats pétroliers, l’une des questions auxquelles il faut accorder une attention particulière est celle relative au mode contractuel qui permet de concilier les intérêts des pays d’accueil et les intérêts des sociétés étrangères. Chaque type de contrat articule ces deux exigences de manière différente. Le choix de l’Iran s’est porté sur les contrats buy-back. Les contrats buy-back, considérés comme étant plus conformes au droit iranien, essuient des critiques de la part de leurs détracteurs. Mettant en exergue leurs lacunes, ces derniers proposent leur remplacement par le contrat de partage de production qui est le plus couramment utilisé dans le monde. L’efficacité d’une telle réforme est discutable. L’amélioration des contrats buy-back serait plus adaptée.
Recepción en España de la literatura africana en lengua inglesa: generación de datos estadísticos con la base de datos bibliográfica especializada BDÁFRICA
Authors: Fernández Ruiz María Remedios , Corpas Pastor Gloria , Seghiri Miriam
Published: November 2018

El presente artículo examina la recepción de la literatura africana en lengua inglesa en España basándonos en BDÁFRICA, una base de datos bibliográfica que recoge obras de autores nacidos en África y publicadas en español y en España entre 1972 y 2014. Se ofrece una reflexión crítica de las dificultades para definir la literatura africana como objeto de estudio, debido a su complejidad y heterogeneidad. Se propone, además, un conciso recorrido historiográfico por la conformación del canon de dicha literatura que se ha realizado desde Occidente. Asimismo, se demuestra la falta de estudios estadísticos sobre la recepción de literatura africana en lengua inglesa en España. Respondiendo a esta necesidad, el objetivo del artículo es detallar y analizar los datos estadísticos inéditos que proporciona la base de datos, adoptando una metodología descriptiva. Los resultados de este estudio, que aporta datos cuantitativos y cualitativos fiables y novedosos, son originales en tanto en cuanto reflejan y señalan los problemas de la traducción de la literatura africana en lengua inglesa en España. BDÁFRICA, que es gratuita y está disponible en red, pretende ser un recurso y una fuente que estimule el desarrollo de la investigación en literatura poscolonial en España. Sin duda, esta base de datos bibliográfica especializada es una herramienta muy valiosa, especialmente para investigadores, traductores y editoriales interesados en literatura africana.
ID+Lab – Analyzing, Modeling and Designing Interdisciplinarity
Authors: Dürfeld Michael , Schultz Anika , Stein Christian , Thomack Benjamin , Zeissig Nadia
Published: November 2018

Interdisciplinary collaboration is the key to solving complex tasks. At the same time, the communication and cooperation within such a collaboration are themselves characterized by multifaceted, dynamic processes. The ID+Lab explores the structures of interdisciplinary cooperation in order to better understand, visualize and test them. The ID+Model developed for this purpose enables us to acquire an altogether new and detailed view of these structures.
ID+Model allows complex collaborations to be analyzed, modeled and designed as a network of actors and connections. The basic elements are eleven ID+Actors that have proven to be essential in interdisciplinary collaborations: people, organizations, events, tasks, methods, tools, money, topics, time, sources and places. The ID+Actors form a network through semantically defined ID+Ties with different status, values and intensity. The formal definition of modeling in the ID+Ontology makes research data available for the Semantic Web and the Linked Open Data Cloud.
Based on the ID+Model, the ID+Lab is developing a semantic research contextualization platform – the ID+Stage. The ID+Backstage modeling tool uses a structured question dialogue to gather all the critical actors and connections of a publication, translate them in the background into a machine-readable format, and store them. When a research result is connected to the modeled context of origin, the ID+Publication is formed. Consequently, not only are the research results disclosed, so are their development processes. The ID+Publications are published on the ID+Stage. The ID+Ontology enables the semantic recording and searchability of all data
as a modeling foundation.
La transformación del proceso de investigación en historia de la arquitectura con el uso de las tecnologías digitales
Authors: Ferreira-Lopes Patricia
Published: November 2018

El uso de las tecnologías digitales en las últimas dos décadas no solo ha transformado la manera de investigar el patrimonio arquitectónico, sino que también ha ampliado las posibilidades de generar proyectos cada vez más interdisciplinares. El aumento de la oferta de herramientas abiertas y con interfaces más funcionales y amigables ha permitido identificar y visualizar evidencias anteriormente imperceptibles, sintetizar y mapear informaciones temporales y combinar datos de documentaciones heterogéneas para generar nuevos datos e hipótesis. Asimismo, han proporcionado un escenario estimulante para elaborar preguntas sobre edificios, ciudades, territorios y los agentes que en ellos interactúan. El presente artículo trata de evidenciar el cambio en el proceso y en la práctica de la investigación en el campo de la historia de la arquitectura, con la utilización de las nuevas tecnologías digitales. Para ello, abordamos algunas cuestiones como el objetivismo/subjetivismo, la usabilidad de los datos, la flexibilidad del proyecto, la sostenibilidad de los datos y la formación y el aprendizaje de las tecnologías. Finalmente, tras la exposición de un ejemplo de la aplicación de las tecnologías digitales en la investigación de la historia de la arquitectura, presentaremos las estrategias, reflexiones y líneas futuras que hay que seguir. Estas apuntan hacia la idoneidad de las tecnologías como nuevas herramientas de investigación que abren otros posibles caminos de colaboración disciplinar, de avance en métodos de análisis, así como reflexiones futuras acerca la gestión de los datos creados.
La multidisciplinariedad en la creación de corpus históricos: El caso de Post Scriptum
Authors: Vaamonde Gael
Published: November 2018

Los corpus históricos convencionales suelen estar centrados en el contenido lingüístico de los documentos recopilados, que son almacenados como texto plano para facilitar su procesamiento. Esta aproximación monodisciplinar tiende a obviar aspectos como la grafía original, las características físicas y presentacionales de los manuscritos o la información sociohistórica y contextual asociada a cada texto, aspectos que son relevantes para otros campos de investigación, cuando no para el propio estudio lingüístico. Frente a esta situación, el corpus histórico epistolar Post Scriptum es el resultado de un proyecto multidisciplinar formado por lingüistas e historiadores, y que combina métodos de las humanidades digitales y de la lingüística de corpus. Con esto, constituye un recurso electrónico que pretende ser de utilidad a varias disciplinas científicas, como la crítica textual, la lingüística histórica, la historia moderna, la paleografía o la cultura escrita.
Decision and navigation in mouse parietal cortex
Authors: Krumin Michael , Lee Julie J , Harris Kenneth D , Carandini Matteo
Published: November 2018

Posterior parietal cortex (PPC) has been implicated in navigation, in the control of movement, and in visually-guided decisions. To relate these views, we measured activity in PPC while mice performed a virtual navigation task driven by visual decisions. PPC neurons were selective for specific combinations of the animal's spatial position and heading angle. This selectivity closely predicted both the activity of individual PPC neurons, and the arrangement of their collective firing patterns in choice-selective sequences. These sequences reflected PPC encoding of the animal’s navigation trajectory. Using decision as a predictor instead of heading yielded worse fits, and using it in addition to heading only slightly improved the fits. Alternative models based on visual or motor variables were inferior. We conclude that when mice use vision to choose their trajectories, a large fraction of parietal cortex activity can be predicted from simple attributes such as spatial position and heading.
FBXO46 negatively regulates p53 activity by stabilizing Mdm2
Authors: Wei Lai , Yu Ning , Yao Bo , Mei Yide , Zhao Kailiang
Published: November 2024

The tumor suppressor p53 plays a central role in suppressing tumor formation. Mouse double minute 2 homolog (Mdm2) serves as the principal ubiquitin E3 ligase responsible for the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of p53. However, the regulatory mechanisms governing the Mdm2–p53 pathway are not comprehensively understood. Here, we report that F‐box only protein 46 (FBXO46) directly binds to Mdm2 and inhibits its self‐ubiquitination and degradation, leading to Mdm2 stabilization and subsequent Mdm2‐mediated ubiquitination and degradation of p53. Functionally, FBXO46 promotes cell proliferation, accelerates G1/S cell cycle progression, and increases anchorage‐independent cell growth by inhibiting p53. Collectively, these findings reveal a critical role for FBXO46 in controlling Mdm2 stability and establish FBXO46 as an important regulator of the Mdm2–p53 pathway.
Synthetic Photoresponsive Hydrogels Enable In Situ Control Over Murine Intestinal Monolayer Differentiation and Crypt Formation
Authors: Young Mark W. , Oroke Colter E. , Kirkpatrick Bruce E. , Blatchley Michael R. , Dempsey Peter J. , Anseth Kristi S.
Published: November 2024

As a model of the intestinal epithelium, intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are grown and differentiated as monolayers on materials where stochastic organization of the crypt and villi cells occurs. An allyl sulfide crosslinked photoresponsive hydrogel with a shear modulus of 1.6 kPa is developed and functionalized with GFOGER, Bm‐binder peptide ligands for monolayer growth of ISCs. The allyl sulfide chemistry allows in situ control of mechanics in the presence of growing ISC monolayers and structured irradiation affords spatial regulation of the hydrogel properties. Specifically, ISC monolayers grown on 1.6 kPa substrates are in situ softened to 0.29 kPa, using circular patterns 50, 75, and 100 µm in diameter, during differentiation, resulting in control over the size and arrangement of de novo crypts and monolayer cellularity. These photoresponsive materials should be useful in applications ranging from studying crypt evolution to drug screening and transport across tissues of changing cellular composition. Spatiotemporal softening enables control over the size and arrangement of de novo crypts within intestinal monolayers.
Transient Structural Transition in Ovonic Threshold Switching Glass
Authors: Seong Yeon‐Woo , Kwon Hoedon , Lee Changwoo , Lim Hyeonwook , Jeong Kwnagsik , Shin Hee Jun , Cho Mann‐Ho
Published: November 2024

Ovonic threshold switching (OTS), characterized by a rapid resistance drop in chalcogenide glass, has enabled the realization of memory and selectors. Despite over five decades of development, the challenges in characterizing the transient switching in amorphous materials upon reaching the threshold voltage have hindered the establishment of its underlying mechanism. This study uses femtosecond terahertz spectroscopy and ab initio simulation to elucidate the dynamics of the free‐carrier and IR‐active phonons involved in OTS. Specifically, in Te‐rich amorphous GeTe, the generation of transient phonons is observed within picoseconds, a phenomenon associated with an increased Born effective charge due to the alignment of Te‐centered bonds. The findings demonstrate a correlation between the enhancement of polarizability, due to orbital alignment during the disorder–order structural transition while maintaining a macroscopic amorphous structure, and the switching behavior. These results provide valuable insights into the enigmatic OTS phenomenon.
Membrane Budding Inspired Biomimetic Nanocarrier Delivers Brain‐derived Neurotrophic Factor to Improve AD Cognition
Authors: Wang Antian , Huang Jialin , Ji Minxiu , Huang YuKun , Chen Lin , Peng Yidong , Wang Chunyi , shi Kexin , Zhang Chenyun , Yu Renhe , Jiang Gan , Sun Xiaodong , Chen Hongzhuan , Song Qingxiang , Gao Xiaoling
Published: November 2024

Neurotropic factors, crucial for neural cell maturation and proliferation, hold great therapeutic potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases but face challenges in brain delivery. This study introduces a novel membrane budding‐inspired lipoprotein biomimetic nanocarrier for efficient packaging and precise brain delivery of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The nanocarrier is created by mixing protein‐loaded biomimetic gel with liposomes composed of lipids prone to forming liquid‐disordered and liquid‐ordered phases. This interaction triggers phase separation and lipid membrane rearrangement, enabling effective protein encapsulation. To enhance blood‐brain barrier permeability and target damaged cerebral vasculature in Alzheimer's Disease, the nanocarrier (RAP‐BHP‐rHDL) is functionalized with Apolipoprotein E3 and αRAP peptides. The obtained RAP‐BHP‐rHDL alleviates neuronal damage, promotes neurogenesis, normalizes the cerebral microvasculature, improves the function of neurovascular units, and restores memory function in 5 × FAD mice. This innovative packaging approach and biomimetic nanocarrier design offer a promising strategy for delivering neurotropic factors to the central nervous system, potentially advancing the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
Crystallization Control of Blade‐Coated Wide Bandgap FACs‐Based Perovskite
Authors: Ge Xin , Huang Zixuan , Shi Biao , Wang Pengyang , Liu Zhen , Gao You , Du Xiaona , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan
Published: November 2024

Transforming perovskite solar cells into commercial production requires advanced scalable deposition technology. However, the deposition of high‐quality perovskite thin films using the blade coating method presents challenges, especially in controlling the nucleation and crystallization of perovskite. In this work, an effective approach is proposed for controlling nucleation and crystallization by simultaneously incorporating two kinds of ionic liquid, namely 1H‐imidazole acetate (IMAc), and 1‐buty‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4), into the precursor solution. This innovative strategy initiates π–π interactions between IM and BMIM cations, thereby enhancing the interaction between cations and the Pb‐I framework. The competitive mechanism of interaction with Pb‐I framework effectively suppresses the formation of unfavorable mesophase, thereby enabling a single crystallization pathway from NMP + PbI2 to α‐perovskite. Consequently, this method effectively reduces defects and enhances the crystal quality of α‐perovskite film. Based on this strategy, the power conversion efficiency of the p‐i‐n wide bandgap perovskite device prepared by the blade coating method, is increased to 21.31%, representing one of the highest efficiencies achieved with this technology for 1.68 eV bandgap FACs‐based perovskites. Thus, this approach emerges as a feasible breakthrough strategy that may unleash the full potential of perovskite solar cells.
High‐Performance Synaptic Devices Based on Cross‐linked Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Dual Ion Gel
Authors: Lee Chang Min , Kim Yonghee , Kim Woojo , Lee Eunho , Lee Eun Kwang
Published: November 2024

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) represent a promising approach for flexible, wearable, biomedical electronics, and sensors integrated with diverse substrates. Their ability to operate at low voltages and interact effectively with biological systems makes them particularly suitable for neuromorphic applications. For neuromorphic devices, OECTs must enhance electrical performance, biocompatibility, and signal storage/erasure capabilities. While UV cross‐linking methods with various side effects on organic semiconductors are predominant in improving mobility and current retention time, thermal cross‐linking based on the solution process has not been extensively explored. Additionally, despite significant research on the modification of electrolyte property, the ionic charge compensation mechanisms between multiple electrolytes are still unclear. This study employs a cross‐linking strategy involving the chemical reaction of poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) with di‐tert‐butyl‐peroxide (DTBP) to create a cross‐linked P3HT active layer. Furthermore, a dual ion gel structure combining a conventional ion gel with a chitosan‐based ion gel is investigated for increased ionic transport to enhance OECT performance. Using the above two methods, the enhanced electrical performance showing the mobility of 25 F cm−1 V−1 s−1 and synaptic properties showing long‐term plasticity of cross‐linked OECTs with a dual ion gel structure are demonstrated, suggesting their potential application as high‐performance neuromorphic devices.
Thermally Induced Gelling Systems Based on Patchy Polymeric Micelles
Authors: Han Binru , Fujii Shota , van der Vlies André J. , Ghasemi Masoud , Del Mundo Joshua T. , Kiemle Sarah N. , Gomez Esther W. , Gomez Enrique D. , Colby Ralph H. , Hasegawa Urara
Published: November 2024

Thermogels that exhibit a sol‐gel transition at body temperature represent a promising class of injectable biomaterials for biomedical applications. Thermogels reported thus far are generally composed of amphiphilic block copolymer micelles with an isotropic thermosensitive surface that induces intermicellar aggregation upon heating. Despite the promise, these hydrogels exhibit low mechanical strengths due to their uncontrollable aggregation resulting in void formation. To gain better control over intermicellar assembly, herein a novel thermogel design concept is presented based on patchy polymeric micelles bearing multiple thermosensitive surface domains. These domains serve as “patches” to bridge the micelles to form a percolated network structure. Patchy micelles are prepared from a binary mixture of amphiphilic block copolymers: Poly(N‐acryloylmorpholine)‐b‐poly(N‐benzylacrylamide) (PAM‐PBzAM) and poly (N‐isopropyl acrylamide)‐b‐poly(N‐benzylacrylamide) (PNIPAM‐PBzAM), where PBzAM, PAM and PNIPAM are the hydrophobic, hydrophilic and thermosensitive blocks, respectively. At 25 °C, the polymers self‐assembled into mixed shell micelles having a phase‐separated shell with PAM‐ and PNIPAM‐rich domains. At 37 °C, the PNIPAM domains undergo a hydrophilic‐to‐hydrophobic transition to induce intermicellar assembly into entangled worm‐like structures resulting in hydrogel formation. Patchy micelles form a homogeneous network structure without voids. The micelle design significantly affects the inter‐micellar assembly, the thermogelling behavior, and the mechanical properties of the hydrogels.
Single‐Mode Lasing by Selective Mode Structure Breaking
Authors: Mao Wangqi , Liu Liang , Xu Chenni , Yang Liu , Lin Ruotian , Wang Xiaoxia , Jiang Mingming , Dong Hongxing , Zhang Long , Pan Anlian
Published: November 2024

Single‐mode lasers are highly desirable for applications in optical communication, quantum information, and photonic computing, but their realization is challenging due to the competition of multiple closely spaced resonant modes in microcavities. This paper proposes a novel approach, termed mode structure breaking, to achieve high‐performance single‐mode lasing in an individual laser cavity. By introducing selective spatial structure defects, the mode structure of competing modes can be broken, enabling single‐mode selection without huge losses. As proof of concept, femtosecond (fs)‐laser ablation is experimentally employed to introduce external angle defects on a microdisk cavity, effectively eliminating mismatched competing modes and thus achieving single‐mode lasing output. The lasing characteristics are further optimized by incorporating a punched hole to suppress remaining high‐order lasing modes. Notably, the fabricated perovskite laser sources, which are called mode‐structure‐breaking lasers, demonstrate excellent single‐mode lasing properties, including stability, an ultralow threshold (≈2.31 µJ cm−2), and a narrow linewidth (≈0.15 nm). Conclusively, this comprehensive study of manipulating lasing mode by breaking mode structure may provide a promising approach to realizing single‐mode lasing in a single structure, which is significant for producing on‐chip laser source arrays for use in photonic integrated circuits.
Advanced Electrode Materials for Low‐Temperature Na Storage
Authors: Zhu Wensun , Xu Shitan , Yang Shoumeng , Yang Yang , Rui Xianhong
Published: November 2024

Sodium‐ion batteries have drawn worldwide attention as ideal candidates for the upcoming generation of large‐scale electrical energy storage devices due to the low cost and abundance of sodium. Due to its unique electrochemical and chemical properties, sodium‐ion batteries hold the promise of breaking geographical and environmental constraints, achieving efficient sodium storage under low‐temperature conditions. However, low‐temperature sodium‐ion batteries, especially for their electrode materials, still face numerous challenges, such as the sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics, poor material stability, significant volume changes leading to the pulverization of materials and the rapid degradation of battery performance. Here, it is focused on the modification methods for electrode materials, the research progress on cathode and anode materials of low‐temperature sodium‐ion batteries is summarized systematically and the other components of the electrodes are discussed briefly, and the shortcomings of the current research and possible future research directions are discussed thoroughly.
A Multi‐Channel Handheld Diagnostic Device Based on Green Biomimetic Material for Point‐of‐Care Testing of Vitamin C in Human Fluids
Authors: Fu Donglei , Dong Yueyan , Yin Junping , Zhang Bowen , Zhang Shuaibo , Deng Junjie , Shui Hua , Liu Xinghai
Published: November 2024

In the era of “Great Health”, maintaining an appropriate level of vitamin C is crucial for human health as it directly impacts the proper functioning of the immune system. In this study, a handheld nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor based on biomimetic material prussian blue functionalized polydopamine is proposed for point‐of‐care testing (POCT) of vitamin C in human fluids. Particularly, Prussian blue, known as a bio‐antidote, and polydopamine, a main component of cuttlefish ink, ensure the safety and reliability of home testing. The experimental results quantitatively demonstrate that this electrochemical POCT sensor enables rapid and accurate determination of vitamin C with a wide linear detection range from 0.2 to 200 µm, a low limit of detection at 0.03 µm, and high sensitivity at 0.33 µA µm−1 cm−2. More importantly, the performance evaluation using human urine and saliva samples confirms satisfactory accuracy and recovery rates for vitamin C determination by this electrochemical POCT sensor. Thus, the proposed handheld electrochemical POCT sensor holds potential utility as an affordable tool for VC determination and home‐based healthcare.
Fabrication of Ultrahigh‐Loading Dual Copper Sites in Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbons Boosting Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4 Under Neutral Conditions
Authors: Heng Jin‐Meng , Zhu Hao‐Lin , Zhao Zhen‐Hua , Liao Pei‐Qin , Chen Xiao‐Ming
Published: November 2024

Synthesis of high‐loading atomic‐level dispersed catalysts for highly efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) to ethylene (C2H4) in neutral electrolyte remain challenging tasks. To address common aggregation issues, a host‐guest strategy is employed, by using a metal‐azolate framework (MAF‐4) with nanocages as the host and a dinuclear Cu(I) complex as the guest, to form precursors for pyrolysis into a series of nitrogen‐doped porous carbons (NPCs) with varying loadings of dual copper sites, namely NPCMAF‐4‐Cu2‐21 (21.2 wt%), NPCMAF‐4‐Cu2‐11 (10.6 wt%), and NPCMAF‐4‐Cu2‐7 (6.9 wt%). Interestingly, as the loading of dual copper sites increased from 6.9 to 21.2 wt%, the partial current density for eCO2RR to yield C2H4 also gradually increased from 38.7 to 93.6 mA cm−2. In a 0.1 m KHCO3 electrolyte, at −1.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE), NPCMAF‐4‐Cu2‐21 exhibits the excellent performance with a Faradaic efficiency of 52% and a current density of 180 mA cm−2. Such performance can be attributed to the presence of ultrahigh‐loading dual copper sites, which promotes C─C coupling and the formation of C2 products. The findings demonstrate the confinement effect of MAF‐4 with nanocages is conducive to the preparation of high‐loading atomic‐level catalysts.
Nanoparticles in Allergen‐Delivery Systems for Allergen‐Specific Immunotherapy
Authors: Lee Jiann Huey , Chandrawati Rona , Lee N. Alice
Published: November 2024

Allergen‐specific immunotherapy (AIT) has demonstrated its ability to induce desensitization, resulting in reduced allergen‐specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) accompanied by increased clinical thresholds. However, ensuring safety during therapy, especially with oral immunotherapy, and achieving long‐term tolerance continue to be significant challenges. To address these issues, a concept of nanoencapsulation of allergens has emerged. This paper reviews biodegradable and non‐biodegradable nanoparticles as an allergen‐delivery system, as well as adjuvants for the improvement of the efficacy of AIT. Of all the nanoparticles reviewed, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and chitosan are the most popular nanoparticles for encapsulating macromolecular allergens for oral immunotherapy. Although poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) demonstrates higher stability in the gastrointestinal environment and allergen‐loaded PLGA attenuates the sIgE antibody binding in a murine model, it has inconsistent loading capacity and is difficult to reproduce. Studies on biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of nanoparticles, however, should be highlighted to ensure the long‐term safety profile of utilizing nanoparticles in immunotherapy. In this regard, encapsulation efficiency and release behavior of allergens from nanoparticles are important components in predicting the safety and efficacy of treatments. The stability, reproducibility, and scalability of encapsulated allergens should also be considered for the translation to clinical applications.
Non‐Hermitian Global Synchronization
Authors: Zhang Weixuan , Di Fengxiao , Zhang Xiangdong
Published: November 2024

Synchronization of coupled nonlinear oscillators is a prevalent phenomenon in natural systems and can play important roles in various fields of modern science, such as laser arrays and electric networks. However, achieving robust global synchronization has always been a significant challenge due to its extreme susceptibility to initial conditions and structural perturbations. Here, a novel approach is presented to achieve robust global synchronization by manipulating the interplay between non‐Hermitian physics and nonlinear dynamics. Remarkably, the initial‐state‐independent non‐Hermitian skin and topological global synchronization are proposed, exhibiting diverse anomalous effects such as the enlarged‐size triggered non‐Hermitian global synchronization and nonlinear skin states‐dominated global synchronization. To validate the findings, nonlinear topoelectrical circuits for experimental observation of non‐Hermitian global synchronization are designed and fabricated. The work opens up a promising avenue for establishing resilient global synchronization with potential applications in constructing high‐radiance laser arrays and topologically synchronized networks.
A prophylactic tyrosine kinase inhibitor strategy based on measurable residual disease pre‐transplantation for Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A prospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Liu Hui , Xu Hui , Chi Peiru , Feng Zinan , Xu Xiaojun , Nie Danian , Li Xudong , Liang Xinquan , Fan Zhiping , Xu Na , Huang Fen , Lin Ren , Wang Zhixiang , Jin Hua , Zhou Hongsheng , Guo Xutao , Lin Dongjun , Sun Jing , Liu Qifa , Xuan Li
Published: November 2024

Relapse is the major cause of treatment failure in Philadelphia chromosome‐positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a prophylactic tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) strategy on relapse in this population. Patients were assigned to prophylactic or control groups based on measurable residual disease (MRD) pre‐transplantation. The primary endpoint was the cumulative incidence of relapse. A total of 110 patients with Ph+ ALL undergoing allo‐HSCT were enrolled in this prospective study. Thirty‐eight patients with positive MRD pre‐transplantation were included in the prophylactic group, and 72 with negative MRD pre‐transplantation were included in the control group. The 4‐year cumulative incidence of relapse was 25.3% (95% CI: 12.1%–41.0%) and 20.3% (11.6%–30.7%; HR = 1.272, 95% CI: 0.551–2.940, p = .549), and non‐relapse mortality was 10.5% (3.3%–22.7%) and 9.7% (4.2%–17.9%; HR = 1.094, 95% CI: 0.320–3.738, p = .928) in the prophylactic and control groups. The 4‐year overall survival was 71.8% (53.2%–84.1%) and 84.1% (72.9%–90.9%; HR = 1.746, 95% CI: 0.741–4.112, p = .196), and leukemia‐free survival was 64.1% (45.8%–77.7%) and 70.0% (57.6%–79.4%; HR = 1.212, 95% CI: 0.607–2.421, p = .585) in the prophylactic and control groups. Our results suggest that prophylactic TKI post‐HSCT in patients with positive MRD pre‐transplantation can produce outcomes comparable to negative MRD pre‐transplantation without TKI post‐HSCT.
Clinical and Immune Effects of Peri‐Transplantation JAK Inhibition for Myelofibrosis
Authors: Rathje Kristin , Gagelmann Nico , Badbaran Anita , Langebrake Claudia , Dadkhah Adrin , Richter Johanna , Massoud Radwan , Schäfersküpper Mathias , Marquard Franziska E. , Oechsler Sofia , Klyuchnikov Evgeny , Rudolph Ina , Heidenreich Silke , Niederwieser Christian , Lueck Catherina , Janson Dietlinde , Wolschke Christine , Fehse Boris , Ayuk Francis , Kröger Nicolaus
Published: November 2024

Despite the introduction of JAK inhibitors, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant remains the only potentially curative treatment for patients with myelofibrosis but has considerable treatment‐related complications. Whether the incorporation of JAK inhibition into the transplant algorithm leads to improved outcomes is still unclear. Here, we analyzed different transplant platforms in myelofibrosis patients undergoing a first transplant, comparing immune profiles and outcomes of (1) 33 patients continuing JAK inhibition at start of conditioning until stable engraftment (PERI‐group), (2) 38 patients receiving JAK inhibition prior to transplant until start of conditioning (PRE‐group), and (3) 38 patients that had never received JAK inhibition (NON‐group). Patients in the PERI‐group showed significantly higher early B‐cell recovery as well as significantly increased late recovery of gamma‐delta T cells and NK cells. We observed excellent neutrophil and platelet engraftment (100% for both) in the PERI‐group and no hematotoxic effects or increased rates of infections following peri‐transplant JAK inhibition. Cumulative incidence of acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) grade II‐IV at day 100 after transplant was 15% in the PERI‐group versus 29% in the PRE‐group versus 34% in the NON‐group. Cumulative incidence of relapse at 1 year after transplant was 9% in the PERI‐group compared with 16% in the PRE‐group and 18% in the NON‐group. In conclusion, peri‐transplant JAK inhibition was feasible with promising engraftment and acute GvHD rates, though deserves further investigation.
Tailoring of Novel Ru (III) and Cr (III) Salen Complexes as Catalysts for a Sustainable and Green Synthesis of Dihydro‐tetrazolo [1,5‐a] thiazolo [4,5‐d] pyrimidin‐6‐yl morpholine: Experimental and Theoretical Approaches
Authors: El‐Remaily Mahmoud Abd El Aleem Ali Ali , Eskander Thomas Nady A. , Alzahrani Abdullah Yahya Abdullah , Alsehli Mosa , Al‐Ghamdi Khalaf , AL Mughram Mohammed H. , El‐Hady Omar. M. , Feizi‐Dehnayebi Mehran , Abu‐Dief Ahmed M.
Published: November 2024

Two novel Cr (III) and Ru (III) salen complexes based on {3,4‐Bis‐[(5‐chloro‐2‐hydroxy‐benzylidene)‐amino]‐phenyl}‐phenyl‐methanone ligand (CSAB) were synthesized. The complexes were characterized using various spectral and analytical methods. The catalytic performance of the CSAB complexes was investigated via a four‐component condensation reaction involving aromatic aldehydes, rhodamine, morpholine, and 5‐aminotetrazole under mild, environmentally friendly conditions. Different Lewis acids, bases, ionic liquid catalysts, solvents, and catalyst amounts were assessed to optimize the reaction parameters. Both catalyst systems demonstrated robust catalytic activity under strictly managed conditions, with the heterogeneous catalyst CSAB‐Ru showing superior efficacy compared to the homogeneous CSAB‐Cr catalyst. The study confirmed the catalytic capabilities of both complexes and evaluated their recyclability and reusability. The heterogeneous catalyst (CSAB‐Ru) could be reused seven times, whereas the homogeneous catalyst (CSAB‐Cr) could be recycled four times. Both complexes demonstrated strong catalytic activity and selectivity, resulting in high product yields. The study provides insights into the synthetic applications of novel CSAB complexes, highlighting their potential in organic transformations. It emphasizes their ease of use, safety, stability, component availability, quick reaction times, and high yields, making them promising for future industrial applications.
Toward Highly Toughened Polylactide/Polycaprolactone‐Based Polyurethane Blends With Shape Memory Property via Reactive Blending
Authors: Li Haochen , Zhang Xiang , Wang Jingjing , Xing Qian , Li Rongbo , Dong Xia
Published: November 2024

Reactive blending has proven to be a versatile and efficient method for enhancing the impact toughness of polylactide (PLA). PLA/cross‐linked polycaprolactone‐based polyurethane (c‐PCLU) blends are prepared by reactive blending of PLA with PCL triol and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). The reaction mechanism, compatibility, crystallization behavior, rheology behavior, mechanical performance, and shape memory property are thoroughly studied. The FTIR results confirmed that the NCO groups of HDI reacted with the hydroxyl groups of PLA and PCL triol, leading to the in situ formation of c‐PCLU and PLA‐co‐PCLU. The phase morphology exhibits a sea‐island structure, suggesting incompatibility between the two phases. The compatibility of the blends is improved with the increase of the PCL triol feeding ratio. The crystallization ability of PLA is retarded in the reactive blend. Both the elongation at break and the shape recovery ratio increase with c‐PCLU content, reaching up to 94.0% and 92.6%, respectively. These findings show that the formation of c‐PCLU greatly enhanced the toughness and shape memory performance of PLA.
Lipase pretreatment enhances biochar‐assisted anaerobic digestion of food waste
Authors: Ouyang Yue , Liu Ying , Tian Longjin , Ding Yongyu , Fan Guozhi , Pan Cheng , Cheng Qunpeng
Published: November 2024

Anaerobic digestion is a promising technology for the treatment of food waste (FW) but it requires optimization to improve its performance. This study investigated whether combining the addition of biochar with lipase pretreatment could improve the anaerobic digestion of FW. The results showed that biochar stimulated the release of soluble substances, resulting in an increase in the methane yield of groups with added biochar by 16.24% to 19.36% in comparison with the group without biochar. Lipase pretreatment substantially shortened the fermentation time required to complete the anaerobic digestion, from 15 to 9 days. Lipase pretreatment further improved microbial abundance and promoted the enrichment of functional microbes in the anaerobic digestion of FW mediated by biochar. It also changed the methane production pathway from acetotrophic to hydrogenotrophic, thereby ensuring the stability of the anaerobic digestion system in the presence of a high ammonia nitrogen concentration.