bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Coastal Sand Deposits From Tsunamis and Storm Waves Based on Numerical Computations
Authors: Watanabe Masashi , Goto Kazuhisa , Roeber Volker , Imamura Fumihiko
Published: June 2021

Tsunami and storm deposits can be utilized for estimating inundation zones and recurrence intervals of extreme waves in modern, historic, and prehistoric times. However, the distribution of these deposits is extremely complex and affected by various factors such as the size of the waves, topography, bathymetry, and the supply of sediment and its properties. Here, we use numerical computations to identify the key factors affecting the inundation extent of tsunamis and storm waves, and which subsequently govern the distribution of the corresponding coastal sand deposits. The results demonstrate that the overall topography slope has the most significant impact on the inundation extent of tsunamis and storm waves and subsequently the inland distribution distance of the transported deposits. The existence of onshore sediment sources is crucial for estimating the maximum extent of storm deposits because only a limited amount of sediment is carried inland by the storm waves. In contrast, the presence of onshore sediment sources is less critical for the delineation of the maximum distribution envelope of tsunami deposits compared to other parameters. The parameters that mainly control the sediment deposit volume over land under tsunami and storm wave conditions are the grain size and wave height, respectively. Our computed results are summarized using the Dean number, Shields number, and Iribarren number showing an inter‐connectivity between topography, input wave characteristic, and onshore distributions of both types of deposits. Despite some simplifications, this approach can efficiently lead to an identification and reconstruction of past catastrophic wave events.
Constraining Shallow Seawater Oxygenation for the Yangtze Platform During the Early Cambrian
Authors: Frank A. B. , Klaebe R. M. , Xu L. , Frei R.
Published: June 2021

While atmospheric oxygenation occurred largely in two major steps, the oxygenation of Earth's oceans is assumed to be more complicated, shifting repeatedly between oxic and anoxic conditions. The exact timeline and causal drivers of these changes, which seemingly culminated in the well‐ventilated oceans we see today are not well understood. This study presents Cr isotope and rare earth element + yttrium (REE + Y) data combined with V/Cr ratios for the calcareous Yanjiahe and shaley Shuijingtuo Formations from the shelf of the Yangtze Block, South China, to improve our understanding of marine redox conditions during the early Cambrian. We measured authigenic δ53Cr values of up to 1.38‰ for the carbonates of the Yanjiahe Formation as well as Ce anomalies as low as 0.57 suggesting deposition under oxic conditions. The Shuijingtuo Formation is characterized by authigenic δ53Cr values as high as 1.27‰ at its base, but shows a strong increase in detrital content upwards, masking authigenic Cr isotope values and dissolved marine REE + Y profiles. The upper Shuijingtuo Formation is characterized by V/Cr ratios as high as 27, which indicate anoxic conditions. Hence, our data support a prevalence of oxic seawater conditions in the shallow seawater of the Yangtze Block during the Ediacaran‐Cambrian transition, which shifted repeatedly to anoxic during the early Cambrian likely as a result of sea level rise and a redox‐stratified ocean.
Introduction to the Special Section in “Geodynamics, Crustal and Lithospheric Tectonics, and Active Deformation in the Mediterranean Regions” (A Tribute to Prof. Renato Funiciello)
Authors: Meghraoui Mustapha , Jolivet Laurent , Wortel Rinus , Conticelli Sandro
Published: June 2021

Key Points

New data and recent analysis of structural geology of the Mediterranean regions

Introduction to “Geodynamics, Crustal and Lithospheric Tectonics, and active deformation in the Mediterranean Regions”

A tribute to Prof. Renato Funiciello
HNRNPH1-stabilized LINC00662 promotes ovarian cancer progression by activating the GRP78/p38 pathway
Authors: Wu Yong , Guo Qinhao , Ju Xingzhu , Hu Zhixiang , Xia Lingfang , Deng Yu , Zhao Ping , Zhang Meng , Shao Yang , Huang Shenglin , He Xianghuo , Wen Hao , Wu Xiaohua
Published: June 2021

Numerous studies suggest an important role for copy number alterations (CNAs) in cancer progression. However, CNAs of long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) in ovarian cancer (OC) and their potential functions have not been fully investigated. Here, based on analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we identified in this study an oncogenic lincRNA termed LINC00662 that exhibited a significant correlation between its CNA and its increased expression. LINC00662 overexpression is highly associated with malignant features in OC patients and is a prognostic indicator. LINC00662 significantly promotes OC cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LINC00662 is stabilized by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (HNRNPH1). Moreover, LINC00662 exerts oncogenic effects by interacting with glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and preventing its ubiquitination in OC cells, leading to activation of the oncogenic p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Taken together, our results define an oncogenic role for LINC00662 in OC progression mediated via GRP78/p38 signaling, with potential implications regarding therapeutic targets for OC.
PCGF1 promotes epigenetic activation of stemness markers and colorectal cancer stem cell enrichment
Authors: Ji Guangyu , Zhou Wenjuan , Du Jingyi , Zhou Juan , Wu Dong , Zhao Man , Yang Liping , Hao Aijun
Published: June 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) stem cells are resistant to cancer therapy and are therefore responsible for tumour progression after conventional therapy fails. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of stemness are poorly understood. In this study, we identified PCGF1 as a crucial epigenetic regulator that sustains the stem cell-like phenotype of CRC. PCGF1 expression was increased in CRC and was significantly correlated with cancer progression and poor prognosis in CRC patients. PCGF1 knockdown inhibited CRC stem cell proliferation and CRC stem cell enrichment. Importantly, PCGF1 silencing impaired tumour growth in vivo. Mechanistically, PCGF1 bound to the promoters of CRC stem cell markers and activated their transcription by increasing the H3K4 histone trimethylation (H3K4me3) marks and decreasing the H3K27 histone trimethylation (H3K27me3) marks on their promoters by increasing expression of the H3K4me3 methyltransferase KMT2A and the H3K27me3 demethylase KDM6A. Our findings suggest that PCGF1 is a potential therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
The isolation of high-affinity ssDNA aptamer for the detection of ribavirin in chicken
Authors: Song Mingyan , Lyu Chen , Duan Nuo , Wu Shijia , Khan Imran Mahmood , Wang Zhouping
Published: June 2021

The Capture-SELEX process includes the cycle of incubation, separation, amplification and digestion. After 15 rounds, high affinity aptamer against ribavirin was obtained.
Recent advances in chiral discrimination on host–guest functionalized interfaces
Authors: Xu Weiwei , Cheng Ming , Zhang Siyun , Wu Qifa , Liu Zhuo , Dhinakaran Manivannan Kalavathi , Liang Feng , Kovaleva Elena G. , Li Haibing
Published: June 2021

The chiral discrimination on interfaces functionalized by macrocyclic hosts, including cyclodextrins (CDs), chiral calix[n]arenes, pillar[n]arenes and cucurbit[n]uril.
Rich oxygen vacancies, mesoporous TiO2 derived from MIL-125 for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Lv Tianping , Xiao Bin , Zhou Shiqiang , Zhao Jianhong , Wu Tai , Zhang Jin , Zhang Yumin , Liu Qingju
Published: June 2021

Here we report a mesoporous TiO2 with a large specific surface area and rich oxygen vacancies using a Ti-based MOF (MIL-125) as a precursor through high-temperature annealing.
Redox-active tetraaryldibenzoquinodimethanes
Authors: Ishigaki Yusuke , Sugawara Kazuma , Tadokoro Tomoki , Hayashi Yuki , Harimoto Takashi , Suzuki Takanori
Published: June 2021

In this Feature Article, we focus on our research history for constructing functional response systems based on redox-active quinodimethanes with electron-donating aryl groups, which undergo reversible interconversion with twisted cations.
Iron-catalyzed alkylation of carbazole derivatives via hydroarylation of styrenes
Authors: Xiao En-Kai , Wu Xian-Tao , Ma Feng , Miao Le-Wei , Jiang Yi-Jun , Chen Peng
Published: June 2021

The first direct and selective C position di-alkylation of carbazoles via iron-catalyzed hydroarylation of styrenes was developed.
Understanding the multi-scale structure, physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of citrate naked barley starch induced by non-thermal plasma
Authors: Shen Huishan , Ge Xiangzhen , Zhang Bo , Su Chunyan , Zhang Qian , Jiang Hao , Zhang Guoquan , Li Wenhao
Published: June 2021

Plasma pretreatment promoted the citrate esterification of naked barley starch. Plasma pretreatment increased the degree of substitution and resistant starch content, while reducing the molecular weight and long amylopectin chains of citrate starch.
A triterpenoid-enriched extract of bitter melon leaves alleviates hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting inflammatory responses in carbon tetrachloride-treated mice
Authors: Chang Mei-Ling , Lin Yu-Ting , Kung Hsiu-Ni , Hou Yu-Chen , Liu Jun-Jen , Pan Min-Hsiung , Chen Hui-Ling , Yu Chun-Hsien , Tsai Po-Jung
Published: June 2021

A triterpenoid-enriched extract isolated from bitter melon leaves exhibited a hepatoprotective effect in CCl4-induced experimental fibrosis.
Isobavachalcone ameliorates cognitive deficits, and Aβ and tau pathologies in triple-transgenic mice with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhang Mohan , Wu Qiuping , Zhao Ruoxi , Yao Xuanbao , Du Xiubo , Liu Qiong , Lv Guohua , Xiao Shifeng
Published: June 2021

Isobavachalcone ameliorates cognitive deficits, and Aβ and tau pathologies in 3×Tg-AD mice.
Evaluation of cyrhetrenyl and ferrocenyl precursors as 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors – biological and computational studies
Authors: Muñoz-Osses Michelle , Quiroz Javiera , Vásquez-Martínez Yesseny , Flores Erick , Navarrete Elizabeth , Godoy Fernando , Torrent Claudia , Cortez-San Martín Marcelo , Gómez Alejandra , Mascayano Carolina
Published: June 2021

Synthesis and biological evaluation of precursors derived from ferrocene and cyrhetrene as inhibitors of enzyme 5-hLOX.
Effects of anionic substitution in molybdenum oxysulfide supported on reduced graphene oxide sheets for the hydrogen evolution reaction and supercapacitor application
Authors: Sharma Lalita , Mathur Ankita , Halder Aditi
Published: June 2021

An easy facile technique to incorporate anionic substitution in MoS2 nano-flowers supported on reduced graphene oxide leading to enhanced hydrogen evolution and supercapacitor performance.
Graph‐colouring based pilot assignment to mitigate downlink pilot contamination for cell‐free massive MIMO systems
Authors: Haj Hmida Wafa , Meghdadi Vahid , Bouallegue Ammar , Cances Jean Pierre
Published: June 2021

In cell‐free massive multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (CF‐MMIMO) systems, a massive number of access points, mastered by central processing units are distributed in a coverage area to serve much smaller number of user equipments (UEs) simultaneously over the same time/frequency resources. In opposition to the centralized MMIMO, CF‐MMIMO particularity is that its channel hardening degree is not sufficiently accentuated, thus, it will be judicious to include downlink (DL) pilots in order for the DL channel to be estimated. This paper considers the DL pilot assignment for the CF‐MMIMO systems by defining a metric, involving the inter‐user interference. This metric gives insights into DL pilot contamination. A threshold is then defined to optimize the number of DL pilots, which maximizes the minimum per‐user DL throughput. This approach gives a conflict graph, where each UE is regarded as a vertex of the graph. This is a combinatorial optimization problem that can be approximated using graph‐colouring algorithms. The simulation results reveal that the proposed method outperforms interestingly, in terms of per‐user DL throughput, the existing methods such as statistical channel state information, the orthogonal, and the random pilot assignment in the DL training.
New relaxed stability and stabilization conditions for T‐S fuzzy systems with time‐varying delays
Authors: Zhou Kun , Wang Binrui , Qi Shunan
Published: June 2021

This paper investigates the stability analysis and stabilization of T‐S fuzzy systems with time‐varying delays. First, a new augmented Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is constructed, delay‐dependent stability criteria in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are obtained by combining them with the integral inequality technique and the reciprocally convex combination inequality. Based on the state space decomposition method, some piecewise membership functions are employed to approximate the membership functions. The piecewise membership functions can be locally represented in terms of the convex combinations of the supremum and infimum of some local basis functions. The boundary information of the membership functions is adequately taken into consideration in stability analysis, and then some relaxed membership‐function‐dependent stability results are obtained. Second, state feedback controllers for fuzzy systems with time‐varying delays are presented under the imperfect premise‐matching technique, whose membership functions and the number of fuzzy rules are allowed to be designed freely, consequently, the flexibility of controller design is improved. Finally, four numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented approaches.
Generalised dual‐filter disturbance observer for nonminimum‐phase systems
Authors: Deng Jiuqiang , Zhou Xi , Mao Yao
Published: June 2021

To reject the disturbances of the nonminimum‐phase systems, the generalised dual‐filter disturbance observer is proposed. The conventional disturbance observer methods inevitably lead to nonminimum‐phase systems' instability. To stabilise the system, the forward plant and dual filters are introduced. The stability constraints are transferred to the dual filters. Based on any stable designs of the close‐loop controller, the dual filters can be easily designed. The simulations effectively verify that the disturbance rejection performances of the proposed method are triple those of the closed‐loop nonminimum‐phase system, and the original system's tracking capabilities and stability margins are few affected.
Bidirectional speed range extension of DFIG‐based WECS with dynamic minimum dc‐bus voltage
Authors: Jia Feng , Zi Erming , Fu Yang , Cai Xu
Published: June 2021

Enlarging the speed range of wind turbines is an effective way to increase power production in low‐frequency band wind which contains more energy and is very challenging for DFIG‐based wind energy conversion system (WECS). The analysis shows that current controllability of the converter is the main factor limiting bidirectional speed range extension (BSRE). This problem can be solved by increasing dc‐bus voltage, but a constant and high dc‐bus voltage will increase the electrical stress and switching losses of the converter. This paper proposed a dynamic minimum dc‐bus voltage (DMDCV) technique in which the dc‐bus voltage can automatically adjust to enable the back‐to‐back voltage source converter to work in linear modulation mode at its minimum value, thus supporting BSRE while also achieving multiple goals including low electrical stress and low switching losses. Two implementation methods of DMDCV with and without modulation depth loop are proposed and discussed. The co‐simulation results verified the feasibility of DMDCV and the advantages of BSRE in improving power generation.
Influence of a target’s inclination on LiDAR waveform and its application
Authors: Yang Tao , Lai Jiancheng , Wang Chunyong , Yan Wei , Ji Yunjing , Zhao Yan , Wu Zhixiang , Li Zhenhua
Published: June 2021

Inclination is one of the important parameters of a target’s surface, which is closely related to the waveform of light detection and ranging. When the target is tilted, the laser spot on the target’s surface changes greatly, and the influence of the target on the echo signal is more complex. Here, the formation process of a laser’s echo signal is explored. On that basis, the spot distribution model in the case of a large incident angle is optimised, and a comparison is made with the conventional method. A simulation system which can produce and display the signal affected by the inclined target is designed. In view of the difficulty in extracting the target's inclination from the echo signal, a method based on waveform analysis is proposed in this article. Then a calculation model is built to retrieve the inclination of the target from the echo signal by data fitting. The maximum measured error is only 0.948°, and the maximum root‐mean‐squared‐error is only 0.45°.
Effects of Mediterranean Diet in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Kawaguchi Takumi , Charlton Michael , Kawaguchi Atsushi , Yamamura Sakura , Nakano Dan , Tsutsumi Tsubasa , Zafer Maryam , Torimura Takuji
Published: June 2021

We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of the Mediterranean Diet (Med-Diet) on hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Six randomized controlled trials were selected for the meta-analysis (sample size: 250 participants). In the meta-analysis, there was no significant difference in body mass index and waist circumference between the Med-Diet and control groups. Med-Diet significantly reduced fatty liver index (FLI) compared with the control diet (standard mean difference [SMD]: –1.06; 95% CI: –1.95 to –0.17; p = 0.02). Med-Diet significantly reduced homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) compared with the control diet (SMD: –0.34; 95% CI: –0.65 to –0.03; p = 0.03). Similarly, a meta-regression analysis using age showed that Med-Diet significantly reduced FLI and HOMA-IR (95% CI: –0.956 to –0.237, p = 0.001 and 95% CI: –0.713 to –0.003, p = 0.048, respectively). This meta-analysis demonstrated that Med-Diet improved hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in patients with NAFLD. Thus, Med-Diet is a beneficial pharmaconutritional therapy in patients with NAFLD.
Pseudobasophilia as a Screening Tool in Dengue: A Single Center Study
Authors: Manuel Kevin , Ambroise Marie Moses , Ramdas Anita , Varghese Renu G'Boy
Published: June 2021

Objectives Proper serological testing for the definite diagnosis of dengue is costly and may not be easily available in a resource-limited setting. Hematological parameters can help in the early identification of dengue cases. This study aims to evaluate the occurrence and utility of pseudobasophilia in identifying dengue-affected patients.

Materials and Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included 1,304 dengue cases confirmed by serology and 1,044 dengue serology negative acute febrile illness cases as controls. Complete blood count (CBC) values of the first EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) blood sample from automated hematology analyzers were reviewed. The hematological parameters in the dengue and control groups were compared and the variation of these parameters with the day of fever was also analyzed.

Statistical Analysis Mann-Whitney’s test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Fisher’s exact test were used for statistical analysis. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all tests.

Results There was a statistically significant variation between dengue cases and controls for hematocrit, platelet count, mean platelet volume, total white blood cell count, and absolute basophil count. The dengue group had a higher hematocrit from day 2 to day 10, platelet count ≤ 100,000/µL from day 4 to day 9, higher mean platelet volume from day 2 to day 7, leucopenia from day 3 to day 5, and higher absolute basophil count from day 2 to day 10. Interestingly, pseudobasophilia was seen in 533 (40.87%) of dengue cases and only 3 (0.28%) of the controls. Pseudobasophilia was also observed to have an increasing trend to the day of fever.

Conclusion Pseudobasophilia along with other CBC parameters is useful and cost effective for the early identification of dengue. This can prompt early investigations and supportive treatment leading to improved clinical outcomes.
Facial Neuritis as a Manifestation of Gradenigo's Syndrome
Authors: Kentab Amal Y. , Kentab Osama Y.
Published: June 2021

Gradenigo's syndrome (GS) is a rare, acquired syndrome caused by middle ear infections or mastoiditis. It is identified by the triad of otorrhea due to otitis media (OM), retro-orbital pain in the region innervated by the first and second divisions of the trigeminal nerve, and diplopia as a result of cranial nerve (CN) VI palsy. As a result of extension of the inflammation, the facial nerve (VII) may also be affected. GS has a poor prognosis unless promptly diagnosed and treated. Herein, we report the clinical and radiological findings observed in two children diagnosed with chronic suppurative OM, mastoiditis, and facial neuritis. Both were medically managed as cases of GS with high-dose intravenous antibiotic and full recovery was achieved a few weeks after discharge. There was no need for any surgical intervention. This case report illustrates the importance of early recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of this treatable syndrome using antibiotics to prevent subsequent fatal complications and further need for surgical intervention.
Back Transfer of Infants with Tracheostomies: A Regional Center Experience
Authors: Attar Mohammad A. , Pace Rachael A. , Schumacher Robert E.
Published: June 2021

We describe our center's experience with the back transfer of infants following tracheostomies. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of infants transferred to pediatric critical care units of our regional center with conditions originating in the neonatal period who underwent tracheostomy during the hospitalization within their first year of life between 2006 and 2017. Recovering patients are discharged home or transferred back to the referring hospitals. We evaluated patient characteristics, destination of discharge and type of pulmonary support at discharge, and mechanical ventilation (MV) or tracheotomy masks (TM). Of the 139 included patients, 72% were transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit, 21% to the pediatric cardiothoracic unit, and 7% to the pediatric intensive care unit. Their median gestational age was 35 weeks. They were admitted at a median 22 days of life and lived at a median distance of 56 miles from our center. Furthermore, 34 infants (24%) were back transferred closer to their homes (23 with MV and 11 with TM), and 84 (60%) were discharged home (53 on MV and 31 on TM). Twenty-one patients (15%) died in the hospital (before discharge or transfer). Back transferred patients on MV had a significantly shorter duration between tracheostomy and transfer compared with those discharged home from our center: MV (median = 22 vs. 103 days, p < 0.0001) and TM (median = 13 vs. 35 days, p < 0.0001). Back transfer of infants with tracheostomies closer to their homes was associated with a significantly shorter hospitalization and more efficient use of the subspecialized resources at the RC.
Identification of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Classes and Development of Hyperinflammation Score in Pediatric COVID-19
Authors: Totapally Balagangadhar R. , Nadiger Meghana , Hassor Sophia , Laufer Marcelo , Etinger Veronica , Ramos Otto , Biehler Jefry , Meyer Keith , Melnick Steven
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study is to describe characteristics and hospital course of children admitted with COVID-19 to a tertiary care pediatric center in Southeastern United States, and to present the frequency of three classes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and develop pediatric COVID-19 associated hyperinflammation score (PcHIS). A retrospective cohort study of 68 children was performed. Critical illness was defined as any child requiring respiratory or cardiovascular support or renal replacement therapy. PcHIS was developed by using six variables: fever, hematological dysfunction, coagulopathy, hepatic injury, macrophage activation, and cytokinemia. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria were used to identify MIS-C, and three classes of MIS-C were identified based on the findings of recently published latent class analysis (Class 1: MIS-C without Kawasaki like disease, Class 2: MIS-C with respiratory disease, and Class 3: MIS-C with Kawasaki like disease). The median age was 6.4 years. Fever, respiratory, and gastrointestinal were common presenting symptoms. MIS-C was present in 32 (47%), critical COVID-19 illness in 11 (16%), and 17 (25%) were admitted to the PICU. Children with critical illness were adolescents with elevated body mass index and premorbid conditions. PcHIS score of 3 had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 77% for predicting critical COVID-19 illness. Among MIS-C patients, 15 (47%) were in Class 1, 8 (25%) were in Class 2, and 9 (28%) were in Class 3. We conclude that most children with COVID-19 have mild-to-moderate illness. Critical COVID-19 is mainly seen in obese adolescents with premorbid conditions. Three Classes of MIS-C are identifiable based on clinical features. Validation and clinical implication of inflammation score in pediatric COVID-19 need further investigation.
Cognitive and Behavioral Profiles of Children with Aspartylglucosaminuria: A Case Series
Authors: Crowe Louise M. , Brown Amy , Peters Heidi
Published: June 2021

Aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder with an autosomal recessive inheritance. It affects the aspartylglucosaminidase (AGA) gene and causes a deficiency in activity of the enzyme N-aspartyl-β-glucosaminidase with resultant accumulation of glycoasparagines in body tissues. Children with AGU present with developmental delays in cognitive and language skills. Currently, information on cognition and behavior of children with AGU is limited. This case series presents the neuropsychological and behavioral profiles of three children with AGU assessed at two time points. All the three children had full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in the intellectual disabled range (<70). IQ had declined since their previous cognitive assessment 1 to 2 years prior. Other cognitive skills were significantly below expected levels. Parents reported several behavioral problems and adaptive difficulties. The findings challenge current beliefs that cognition is impaired but stable in children with declines seen in a short time.
Exome Sequencing Reveals Diagnosis of LAMA2-Muscular Dystrophy and Possibility of Coexisting Bethlem Myopathy in a Neonate
Authors: Bajaj Shruti , Shah Piyush , Seenappa Venu , Kalyankar Jayashree , Hingwala Divyata
Published: June 2021

We reported a neonate presenting with muscle weakness, hypotonia, and joint contractures since birth. Investigations revealed significantly elevated creatinine-phosphokinase, abnormal electromyography suggestive of muscle disease and normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Exome sequencing revealed homozygous pathogenic mutations in LAMA2 (NM_000426.3: c.7881T > G, p.(His2627Gln)) and a heterozygous likely-pathogenic mutation in COL6A2 (NM_001849.3: c.1970–2A > G). Parental segregation by Sanger sequencing confirmed a heterozygous carrier state for the LAMA2 variant in both parents, thus confirming the diagnosis of autosomal recessive LAMA2-muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-MD) in the proband. The COL6A2 variant segregated with the as-yet asymptomatic mother. Musculoskeletal MRI of the proband at 12 months of age revealed peripheral involvement of the vastii, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius and the soleus, with relative central sparing, without areas of fatty infiltration; not serving to distinguish clearly between LAMA-MD and COL6A2- related disease. Reverse phenotyping of a 27-year-old mother revealed a normal musculoskeletal MRI and clinically absent red flags. Potential explanations for the heterozygous likely-pathogenic COL6A2 variant in the proband and the mother include (a) a coexisting diagnosis of autosomal dominant COL6A2-related myopathy, likely Bethlem myopathy, which has a variable clinical phenotype and age of onset; (b) a carrier state for autosomal recessive Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy; or (c) a heterozygous COL6A2 variant contributing as a synergistic factor along with homozygous LAMA2 mutation. The couple was offered genetic counseling regarding the proband and the future pregnancies.
Factor XIII Deficiency and Intracranial Bleed: Surgical Management and Prophylaxis with Cryoprecipitate
Authors: Furtado Sunil V. , Hegde Pranoy , Palassery Rasmi , Karunakara B. P.
Published: June 2021

Factor XIII (FXIII) deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder with affected patients having high propensity for intracranial hemorrhage. A 12-year-old girl presented with severe headache, limb weakness, and rapidly worsening sensorium over 4 days. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and computed tomography (CT) of the head showed intraparenchymal bleed. Patient had normal coagulation profile and abnormal FXIII level. The perioperative management included cryoprecipitate transfusion to bring the FXIII value to 74%. She underwent craniotomy and evacuation of the hematoma. Postoperatively, she received prophylaxis against rebleed with cryoprecipitate. In the absence of FXIII concentrate, correction of FXIII deficiency is possible with cryoprecipitate in emergent situations.
Redefining Esthetics: The Implant Way
Authors: Sharma Prabal , Sharma Bhumika , Makkar Sumit , Kalra Sandeep
Published: June 2021

Alteration in conventional techniques in anterior maxilla is essential for making a restoration look more natural and harmonious with the rest of the mouth, as this area is more prone to aesthetic failure. The visibility of anterior crowns is obviously more, making it necessary for a restoration to blend with the natural dentition. This makes a person’s smile more pleasant and aesthetic. Proper risk assessment must be considered while placing implants in anterior maxillary region as any deficiency in bone and soft tissue could compromise the aesthetics as well as overall success of a dental implant restoration. Timing of implant placement also plays a crucial role in providing aesthetic success in this region. This article presents a case where implant placement is done, enhancing the aesthetics as well as function in the anterior maxillary region.
Civil Society Organizations and electoral credibility in Nigeria
Authors: Onuh Paul Ani , Ike Chinedu Cyril
Published: June 2021

Electoral malpractices undermine the legitimacy of the electoral process, the general acceptability of electoral outcomes, and challenges the democratization process in Nigeria. This study examines the role of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in the electoral process and its impact on the credibility of electoral outcomes in Nigeria, with emphasis on the 2019 general election. With evidence collected from documentary sources, we argue that the role of CSOs in the democratization process (before, during, and after elections) is important in advancing democracy in Nigeria. We found that the participation of CSOs in the electoral process of 2019, as significant as it was, was undermined by the paucity of fund, insecurity, administrative bottlenecks, and limited access for monitoring movement of sensitive election materials. We recommend, among other things, that the government set aside support funds for qualified/ accredited Civil Society Organisations in the electoral process to aid them in undertaking their important role in the democratization process.
China–Africa relations: do non-economic drivers matter?
Authors: Nyadera Israel Nyaburi , Agwanda Billy , Kisaka Michael Otieno
Published: June 2021

This article examines the place of non-economic drivers in China– Africa relations. While existing studies are hinged on economic relations between Beijing and the continent, this study focuses on non-economic aspects that underlie Africa’s relations with China. Taking the soft power approach, the paper illuminates on the salience of attractiveness in international politics and interrogates sources of China’s attractiveness in the continent and compares China’s actions with those of traditional actors for broader empirical coverage and methodological rigour. The authors argue that while economic drivers are an important basis for understanding China–Africa relations, several fundamental features beyond the economic relations supplement the growing relations between Beijing and Africa.
Insect Knowledges, Power, and the Literary
Authors: Allewaert Monique
Published: June 2021

In this prolegomenon to my book in progress, I posit insects as an especially apposite focal point through which to investigate the constellation of European, Indigenous, and Afro-diasporic knowledges about West Indian nature. I also delineate how this focus on insects allows us to think anew long-standing literary critical problems of setting, semiotics, and figuration.
Association between RsFT, RsFLC and RsCOL5 (A&B) expression and flowering regulation in Japanese wild radish
Authors: Han Qingxiang , Sakaguchi Shota , Wakabayashi Tomomi , Setoguchi Hiroaki
Published: June 2021

Flowering is an important step in the life cycle of plants and indicates adaptability to external climatic cues such as temperature and photoperiod. We investigated the expression patterns of core genes related to flowering-time regulation in Japanese wild radish (Raphanus sativus var. raphanistroides) with different vernalization requirements (obligate and facultative) and further identified climatic cues that may act as natural selective forces. Specifically, we analysed flowering-time variation under different cold and photoperiod treatments in Japanese wild radish collected from the Hokkaido (northern lineage) and Okinawa (southern lineage) islands, which experience contrasting climatic cues. The cultivation experiment verified the obligate and facultative vernalization requirements of the northern and southern wild radish accessions, respectively. The expression of major genes involved in flowering time indicated that RsFLC and RsCOL5 (A&B) may interact to regulate flowering time. Notably, floral initiation in the northern lineage was strongly correlated with RsFLC expression, whereas flowering in the southern linage was correlated with induction of RsCOL5-A expression, despite high RsFLC transcript levels. These results suggested that the northern accessions are more sensitive to prolonged cold exposure, whereas the southern accessions are more sensitive to photoperiod. These different mechanisms ultimately confer an optimal flowering time in natural populations in response to locally contrasting climatic cues. This study provides new insights into the variant mechanisms underlying floral pathways in Japanese wild radish from different geographic locations.
Trauma-informed Family Contact Practice for Children in Out-of-home Care
Authors: Collings Susan , Wright Amy Conley , McLean Loyola , Buratti Sue
Published: June 2021

Trauma knowledge and skills are needed to support relational safety for children in out-of-home care and birth family contact is a particular area where trauma-informed approaches are critical. Mixed methods were used to understand the application of trauma-informed approaches to contact in New South Wales, Australia. A total of 118 caseworkers and 15 organisational leaders took part in an anonymous survey or semi-structured interview. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were completed. Results indicated that caseworkers were confident in their knowledge of trauma and ability to protect children at contact but not to explain trauma to carers or manage conflict between carers and birth relatives. Confusion about how to deliver trauma-informed practice hampered knowledge-to-practice translation. Staff training and supervision were used to build workforce skills but were not evaluated and no strategies to reduce vicarious trauma were identified. Strategies to promote psychological safety and improve cultural safety for Aboriginal children and families were in their infancy. The study demonstrates that the out-of-home-care sector needs a community of practice where it can test, implement and share promising strategies for improving relational safety and where adult and child trauma survivors are empowered to inform and lead new approaches to contact.
Differential Role for Hippocampal Subfields in Alzheimer’s Disease Progression Revealed with Deep Learning
Authors: Kwak Kichang , Niethammer Marc , Giovanello Kelly S , Styner Martin , Dayan Eran ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2021

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is often considered the precursor of Alzheimer’s disease. However, MCI is associated with substantially variable progression rates, which are not well understood. Attempts to identify the mechanisms that underlie MCI progression have often focused on the hippocampus but have mostly overlooked its intricate structure and subdivisions. Here, we utilized deep learning to delineate the contribution of hippocampal subfields to MCI progression. We propose a dense convolutional neural network architecture that differentiates stable and progressive MCI based on hippocampal morphometry with an accuracy of 75.85%. A novel implementation of occlusion analysis revealed marked differences in the contribution of hippocampal subfields to the performance of the model, with presubiculum, CA1, subiculum, and molecular layer showing the most central role. Moreover, the analysis reveals that 10.5% of the volume of the hippocampus was redundant in the differentiation between stable and progressive MCI.
Acoustic and visual adaptations to predation risk: a predator affects communication in vocal female fish
Authors: Maiditsch Isabelle Pia , Ladich Friedrich
Published: June 2021

Predation is an important ecological constraint that influences communication in animals. Fish respond to predators by adjusting their visual signaling behavior, but the responses in calling behavior in the presence of a visually detected predator are largely unknown. We hypothesize that fish will reduce visual and acoustic signaling including sound levels and avoid escalating fights in the presence of a predator. To test this we investigated dyadic contests in female croaking gouramis (Trichopsis vittata, Osphronemidae) in the presence and absence of a predator (Astronotus ocellatus, Cichlidae) in an adjoining tank. Agonistic behavior in T. vittata consists of lateral (visual) displays, antiparallel circling, and production of croaking sounds and may escalate to frontal displays. We analyzed the number and duration of lateral display bouts, the number, duration, sound pressure level, and dominant frequency of croaking sounds as well as contest outcomes. The number and duration of lateral displays decreased significantly in predator when compared with no-predator trials. Total number of sounds per contest dropped in parallel but no significant changes were observed in sound characteristics. In the presence of a predator, dyadic contests were decided or terminated during lateral displays and never escalated to frontal displays. The gouramis showed approaching behavior toward the predator between lateral displays. This is the first study supporting the hypothesis that predators reduce visual and acoustic signaling in a vocal fish. Sound properties, in contrast, did not change. Decreased signaling and the lack of escalating contests reduce the fish’s conspicuousness and thus predation threat.
What factors promote vaccine hesitancy or acceptance during pandemics? A systematic review and thematic analysis
Authors: Truong Judy , Bakshi Simran , Wasim Aghna , Ahmad Mobeen , Majid Umair
Published: June 2021

Examine the factors that promote vaccine hesitancy or acceptance during pandemics, major epidemics and global outbreaks. A systematic review and thematic analysis of 28 studies on the Influenza A/H1N1 pandemic and the global spread of Ebola Virus Disease. We found seven major factors that promote vaccine hesitancy or acceptance: demographic factors influencing vaccination (ethnicity, age, sex, pregnancy, education, and employment), accessibility and cost, personal responsibility and risk perceptions, precautionary measures taken based on the decision to vaccinate, trust in health authorities and vaccines, the safety and efficacy of a new vaccine, and lack of information or vaccine misinformation. An understanding of participant experiences and perspectives toward vaccines from previous pandemics will greatly inform the development of strategies to address the present situation with the COVID-19 pandemic. We discuss the impact vaccine hesitancy might have for the introduction and effectiveness of a potential COVID-19 vaccine. In particular, we believe that skepticism toward vaccines can still exist when there are no vaccines available, which is contrary to contemporary conceptualizations of vaccine hesitancy. We recommend conducting further research assessing the relationship between the accessibility and cost of vaccines, and vaccine hesitancy.
Early Convalescent Plasma Therapy and Mortality Among US Veterans Hospitalized With Nonsevere COVID-19: An Observational Analysis Emulating a Target Trial
Authors: Cho Kelly , Keithly Sarah C , Kurgansky Katherine E , Madenci Arin L , Gerlovin Hanna , Marucci-Wellman Helen , Doubleday Annie , Thomas Eva R , Park Yojin , Ho Yuk-Lam , Sugimoto Jonathan D , Moore Kathryn P , Peterson Alexander C , Hoag Constance , Gupta Kalpana , Jeans Karen , Klote Molly , Ramoni Rachel , Huang Grant D , Casas Juan P , Gagnon David R , Hernán Miguel A , Smith Nicholas L , Gaziano J Michael
Published: June 2021

Background

Early convalescent plasma transfusion may reduce mortality in patients with nonsevere coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods

This study emulates a (hypothetical) target trial using observational data from a cohort of US veterans admitted to a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) facility between 1 May and 17 November 2020 with nonsevere COVID-19. The intervention was convalescent plasma initiated within 2 days of eligibility. Thirty-day mortality was compared using cumulative incidence curves, risk differences, and hazard ratios estimated from pooled logistic models with inverse probability weighting to adjust for confounding.

Results

Of 11 269 eligible person-trials contributed by 4755 patients, 402 trials were assigned to the convalescent plasma group. Forty and 671 deaths occurred within the plasma and nonplasma groups, respectively. The estimated 30-day mortality risk was 6.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.0%–9.7%) in the plasma group and 6.2% (95% CI, 5.6%–7.0%) in the nonplasma group. The associated risk difference was 0.30% (95% CI, −2.30% to 3.60%) and the hazard ratio was 1.04 (95% CI, .64–1.62).

Conclusions

Our target trial emulation estimated no meaningful differences in 30-day mortality between nonsevere COVID-19 patients treated and untreated with convalescent plasma.

Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04545047.
Beyond India and China: Bhutan as a Small State in International Relations
Authors: Kaul Nitasha
Published: June 2021

This article makes a novel contribution to the literature on Bhutan’s International Relations (IR) by shifting the focus away from an exclusively India–China framing. First, it points out how small states are increasingly salient but under-studied in IR and how non-European non-island states like Bhutan are even more so, and why we gain by addressing this. Second, it shows how the conventional study of Bhutan has solely focused on its friendship with India and the threat to it/this from China, and why it is important that these conventional narratives be critically examined. In doing so, we perceive the endogenous drivers of Bhutan’s foreign policies, for instance via Bhutan’s stance on the Doklam issue. Third, going beyond the three typical determinants (economic factors, bilateral relations with India, and threats from China), the article provides two additional axes of understanding Bhutan’s foreign policies – bridging of attributional distances and learning from experience.
From Pc to HC?
Authors: Umeh Jude
Published: June 2021

The PC's death may be greatly exaggerated, writes Jude Umeh CITP FBCS. Indeed, rather than a box and monitor, it might one day morph into a truly personal human-computer neural interface…
The year education went remote
Authors: Temple Victoria
Published: June 2021

It has been an academic year like no other for teachers, students and parents alike. Months of online teaching have left an enduring legacy and shown how IT and technology are changing education rapidly, writes Victoria Temple, Senior Press Officer at BCS.
Why is accessibility so inaccessible?
Authors: Hamilton Johanna
Published: June 2021

The recent ‘stay at home’ lifestyle should be inclusive to people of all ages and abilities. So why is accessibility still such a problem in the 21st century? Johanna Hamilton AMBCS reports.
BCS impact report Summer 2021
Authors: Penketh Claire
Published: June 2021

The expertise and analysis of BCS members and staff has received media coverage on issues as varied as vaccination passports, the government's AI strategy and our ongoing campaign to make the sector more diverse. Claire Penketh reports.
Could you be a school governor?
Authors: Temple Victoria
Published: June 2021

Getting more IT professionals involved with schools will play a vital role in encouraging the next generation of computing practitioners, writes Victoria Temple, Press and Community Engagement Officer at BCS.
BCS Partner: Fujitsu maintaining corporate culture in a fast-changing world
Authors: Davis Andrew , Hart Sarah
Published: June 2021

As COVID-19 hit, Fujitsu embraced the opportunity of lockdown with characteristic positivity, showing its human-centric nature by putting people at the centre of it all. Andrew Davis, Head of Future Workplace Strategy and Growth and Sarah Hart, Wellbeing Lead at Fujitsu Global Delivery, explain how the organisation did it.
Starting your future career in IT
Authors: Melsom Blair
Published: June 2021

Zoe Spilberg and Stephen Tweed from BCS are joined by guests Anne Marie Imafidon MBE, Kolawole Ojo, Richard Amafonye FBCS and Adesina Simon Sodiya FNCS to discuss the BCS HEQ pathway, its impact in Nigeria and the burgeoning opportunity for careers in IT. Blair Melsom MBCS reports.
How to be a good leader
Authors: Cooper Martin
Published: June 2021

The Adaptive CIO Conference from BCS saw prominent IT leaders share practical advice to help new and aspiring leaders. From the event, Martin Cooper MBCS shares the must- watch videos to help you begin and advance your career.
BCS partner: Diegesis keep your legacy systems agile to meet business objectives
Authors: Denning Nick
Published: June 2021

Many organisations still rely on legacy applications for core business operations. How can these systems be made agile to meet new business challenges? Nick Denning, CEO of Diegesis, offers strategies for enterprise flexibility.
Defining good, doing good
Authors: Runciman Brian
Published: June 2021

The BCS Insights annual conference hits its third birthday with a planet-wide view of tech - how it can help the climate change emergency; how it hinders; the role of professionalism, what we should expect from the tech giants… and what we can do, writes Brian Runciman MCBS.
Insight: Leadership
Authors: Hall Jon G
Published: June 2021

Guilty digital leader Jon G Hall CITP FBCS writes, as the old joke goes, there are 10 types of people in this world, those that understand binary and those that don't…
Insight: Business Analysis
Authors: Lovelock Christina
Published: June 2021

Christina Lovelock MBCS ponders the question: is business analysis still relevant?
Insight: Futurology
Authors: Lucas Matt
Published: June 2021

In his column, Matt Lucas, IBM Customer Success Manager, will explore the future of computing. In this issue, he turns to cloud computing.