bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aldh1l2 knockout mouse metabolomics links the loss of the mitochondrial folate enzyme to deregulation of a lipid metabolism observed in rare human disorder
Authors: Krupenko Natalia I. , Sharma Jaspreet , Pediaditakis Peter , Helke Kristi L. , Hall Madeline S. , Du Xiuxia , Sumner Susan , Krupenko Sergey A.
Published: November 2020

Background

Mitochondrial folate enzyme ALDH1L2 (aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L2) converts 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate and CO2simultaneously producing NADPH. We have recently reported that the lack of the enzyme due to compound heterozygous mutations was associated with neuro-ichthyotic syndrome in a male patient. Here, we address the role of ALDH1L2 in cellular metabolism and highlight the mechanism by which the enzyme regulates lipid oxidation.

Methods

We generatedAldh1l2knockout (KO) mouse model, characterized its phenotype, tissue histology, and levels of reduced folate pools and applied untargeted metabolomics to determine metabolic changes in the liver, pancreas, and plasma caused by the enzyme loss. We have also used NanoString Mouse Inflammation V2 Code Set to analyze inflammatory gene expression and evaluate the role of ALDH1L2 in the regulation of inflammatory pathways.

Results

Both male and femaleAldh1l2KO mice were viable and did not show an apparent phenotype. However, H&E and Oil Red O staining revealed the accumulation of lipid vesicles localized between the central veins and portal triads in the liver ofAldh1l2-/-male mice indicating abnormal lipid metabolism. The metabolomic analysis showed vastly changed metabotypes in the liver and plasma in these mice suggesting channeling of fatty acids away from β-oxidation. Specifically, drastically increased plasma acylcarnitine and acylglycine conjugates were indicative of impaired β-oxidation in the liver. Our metabolomics data further showed that mechanistically, the regulation of lipid metabolism by ALDH1L2 is linked to coenzyme A biosynthesis through the following steps. ALDH1L2 enables sufficient NADPH production in mitochondria to maintain high levels of glutathione, which in turn is required to support high levels of cysteine, the coenzyme A precursor. As the final outcome, the deregulation of lipid metabolism due to ALDH1L2 loss led to decreased ATP levels in mitochondria.

Conclusions

The ALDH1L2 function is important for CoA-dependent pathways including β-oxidation, TCA cycle, and bile acid biosynthesis. The role of ALDH1L2 in the lipid metabolism explains why the loss of this enzyme is associated with neuro-cutaneous diseases. On a broader scale, our study links folate metabolism to the regulation of lipid homeostasis and the energy balance in the cell.
Genetic and epigenetic landscape of IDH-wildtype glioblastomas with FGFR3-TACC3 fusions
Authors: Mata Douglas A. , Benhamida Jamal K. , Lin Andrew L. , Vanderbilt Chad M. , Yang Soo-Ryum , Villafania Liliana B. , Ferguson Donna C. , Jonsson Philip , Miller Alexandra M. , Tabar Viviane , Brennan Cameron W. , Moss Nelson S. , Sill Martin , Benayed Ryma , Mellinghoff Ingo K. , Rosenblum Marc K. , Arcila Maria E. , Ladanyi Marc , Bale Tejus A.
Published: November 2020

A subset of glioblastomas (GBMs) harbors potentially druggable oncogenic FGFR3-TACC3 (F3T3) fusions. However, their associated molecular and clinical features are poorly understood. Here we analyze the frequency of F3T3-fusion positivity, its associated genetic and methylation profiles, and its impact on survival in 906 IDH-wildtype GBM patients. We establish an F3T3 prevalence of 4.1% and delineate its associations with cancer signaling pathway alterations. F3T3-positive GBMs had lower tumor mutational and copy-number alteration burdens than F3T3-wildtype GBMs. Although F3T3 fusions were predominantly mutually exclusive with other oncogenic RTK pathway alterations, they did rarely co-occur with EGFR amplification. They were less likely to harbor TP53 alterations. By methylation profiling, they were more likely to be assigned the mesenchymal or RTK II subclass. Despite being older at diagnosis and having similar frequencies of MGMT promoter hypermethylation, patients with F3T3-positive GBMs lived about 8 months longer than those with F3T3-wildtype tumors. While consistent with IDH-wildtype GBM, F3T3-positive GBMs exhibit distinct biological features, underscoring the importance of pursuing molecular studies prior to clinical trial enrollment and targeted treatment.
Looking across health and healthcare outcomes for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and psychiatric disorders: population-based longitudinal study
Authors: Lin Elizabeth , Balogh Robert , Chung Hannah , Dobranowski Kristin , Durbin Anna , Volpe Tiziana , Lunsky Yona
Published: November 2020

Background

Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) and psychiatric disorders frequently co-occur. Although each has been associated with negative outcomes, their combined effect has rarely been studied.

Aims

To examine the likelihood of five negative health and healthcare outcomes for adults with IDD and mental health/addiction disorders (MHAs), both separately and together. For each outcome, demographic, clinical and system-level factors were also examined.

Method

Linked administrative data-sets were used to identify adults in Ontario, Canada, with IDD and MHA (n = 29 476), IDD-only (n = 35 223) and MHA-only (n = 727 591). Five outcomes (30-day readmission, 30-day repeat ED visit, delayed discharge, long-term care admission and premature mortality) were examined by logistic regression models with generalised estimating equation or survival analyses. For each outcome, crude (disorder groups only) and complete (adding biosocial covariates) models were run using a general population reference group.

Results

The IDD and MHA group had the highest proportions across outcomes for both crude and complete models. They had the highest adjusted ratios for readmissions (aOR 1.93, 95%CI 1.88–1.99), repeat ED visit (aOR 2.00, 95%CI 1.98–2.02) and long-term care admission (aHR 12.19, 95%CI 10.84–13.71). For delayed discharge, the IDD and MHA and IDD-only groups had similar results (aOR 2.00 (95%CI 1.90–2.11) and 2.21 (95%CI 2.07–2.36). For premature mortality, the adjusted ratios were similar for all groups.

Conclusions

Poorer outcomes for adults with IDD, particularly those with MHA, suggest a need for a comprehensive, system-wide approach spanning health, disability and social support.
Further investigation of gateway effects using the PATH study
Authors: Lee Peter N , Fry John S
Published: November 2020

Background: Interest exists in whether youth e-cigarette use (“vaping”) increases risk of initiating cigarette smoking. Using Waves 1 and 2 of the US PATH study we previously reported adjustment for vaping propensity using Wave 1 variables explained about 80% of the unadjusted relationship. Here data from Waves 1 to 3 are used to avoid over-adjustment if Wave 1 vaping affected variables recorded then.

Methods: Main analyses M1 and M2 concerned Wave 2 never smokers who never vaped by Wave 1, linking Wave 2 vaping to Wave 3 smoking initiation, adjusting for predictors of vaping based on Wave 1 data using differing  propensity indices.  M3 was similar but derived the index from Wave 2 data.  Sensitivity analyses excluded Wave 1 other tobacco product users, included other product use as another predictor, or considered propensity for smoking or any tobacco use, not vaping. Alternative analyses used exact age (not previously available) as a confounder not grouped age, attempted residual confounding adjustment by modifying predictor values using data recorded later, or considered interactions with age.

Results: In M1, adjustment removed about half the excess OR (i.e. OR–1), the unadjusted OR, 5.60 (95% CI 4.52-6.93), becoming 3.37 (2.65-4.28), 3.11 (2.47-3.92) or 3.27 (2.57-4.16), depending whether adjustment was for propensity as a continuous variable, as quintiles, or the variables making up the propensity score. Many factors had little effect: using grouped or exact age; considering other products; including interactions; or using predictors of smoking or tobacco use rather than vaping. The clearest conclusion was that analyses avoiding over-adjustment explained about half the excess OR, whereas analyses subject to over-adjustment explained about 80%.

Conclusions: Although much of the unadjusted gateway effect results from confounding, we provide stronger evidence than previously of some causal effect of vaping, though doubts still remain about the completeness of adjustment.
The effects of touch-screen technology usage on hand skills among preschool children: a case-control study
Authors: Daud Ahmad Zamir Che , Aman Nurul Afiq'ah , Chien Chi-Wen , Judd Jenni
Published: November 2020

Background: Little is known on how time spent on touch-screen technology affects the hand skills development of preschool children. This study aimed to investigate the effects of touch-screen technology usage on hand skills among preschool children.

Methods: Case-control design was employed to compare the hand skills of children who were engaged in touch-screen technology. A total of 128 participants aged between five and six years old who attended preschool were recruited and divided into two groups: high usage touch-screen technology (HUTSTG) and, low usage touch-screen technology (LUTSTG). Children's Hand Skills ability Questionnaire (CHSQ) and Assessment of Children's Hand Skills (ACHS) were used to evaluate the children's hand skills.

Results: There were significant differences in the hand skills of preschool children between HUTSTG and LUTSTG. Results showed that preschool children in LUTSTG had better hand skills in all domains of CHSQ (p≤0.001) and ACHS (p<0.001) as compared to HUTSTG.

Conclusion: Frequent use of touch-screen technology might cause disadvantages to the development of hand skills among preschool children.
God, Evolution, and the Body of Adam
Authors: Kemp Kenneth W.
Published: November 2020

Catholic evolutionists have proposed to reconcile evolutionary anthropogenesis with Catholic doctrine by suggesting that a created soul could be infused into a body produced (in part, if not wholly) by evolution from an animal body. Could such an infusion yield not just a Platonic composite but a being with the unity of substance required by a Thomistic philosophy of nature? How could such a soul be the form of the body into which it was infused?This paper suggests that animals seem to have sense-powers with a level of complexity, if not sufficient to underlie the abstraction of concepts in a being that also has a rational soul, then at least nearly so. The burden of proof lies rather on those who think that evolutionary development of such powers is not possible.In its final section, the paper argues that the existence of Eve as a second, and the only additional, initial rational being does not create special problems for the view here articulated.
Cues, Values and Conflict: Reassessing Evolution Wars Media Persuasion
Authors: Aechtner Thomas
Published: November 2020

It has been posited that persuasive cues impart Evolution Wars communications with persuasive force extending beyond the merits of their communicated arguments.  Additionally, it has been observed that the array of cues displayed throughout proevolutionist materials is exceeded in both the number and nuance of Darwin-skeptic persuasion techniques.  This study reassesses these findings by exploring how persuasive cues in the Evolution Wars are being articulated with reference to the Cultural Cognition Thesis and Moral Foundations Theory.  Observations of Institute for Creation Research, Answers in Genesis, and the Center for Science and Culture media are reevaluated.  These findings are juxtaposed with data pertaining to Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science, National Center for Science Education, and BioLogos Foundation broadcasts.  The outcomes reveal how values claims and morally charged language are concentrated within the works of antievolutionists and New Atheist media makers, who collectively promote some manner of religion-science conflict.
Las respuestas de la Unión Europea a ciertos avatares en el siglo XXI que determinan el proceso de su conformación
Authors: Morán Blanco Sagrario , Díaz Barrado Cástor M.
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo tiene como propósito examinar las respuestas de la Unión
Europea a las crisis y avatares a los que se enfrenta habitualmente en el proceso de
su conformación política. Con la apertura del nuevo siglo, la UE ha tenido que dar
solución a retos y desafíos que alertaban sobre la solidez de la propia construcción
europea. En particular, este trabajo analiza cuatro momentos de crisis que tienen
orígenes diferentes y consecuencias distintas. Por orden cronológico son los
siguientes. Los dos primeros discurrieron en el primer decenio del siglo XXI: el
proceso de Constitución europea y la crisis financiera mundial, que afectaron de
manera primordial a aspectos políticos y económicos de la integración europea.
Los dos segundos se enmarcan en el segundo decenio: el Brexit y la Pandemia
de la Covid-19, y apresan cuestiones relativas a la salud, aunque no solo, y a la
participación de los Estados miembros en el esquema de integración.
La Unión Europea frente a las emergencias de salud pública mundial. La crisis de la COVID-19
Authors: Ponte Iglesias María Teresa
Published: November 2020

El presente estudio intenta valorar si la Unión Europea ha actuado rápida
y adecuadamente en la crisis de la COVID-19. Con este objetivo, partiendo del
examen de las bases jurídicas y los mecanismos de coordinación que han conducido
a que la salud pública se convirtiera en una de las grandes prioridades de la Unión
a escala europea e internacional, pretende aportar elementos de información sobre
algunas de las medidas adoptadas hasta ahora por las principales Instituciones
europeas con el fin de contener la expansión del virus. Finalmente, se brinda un
reflexión final sobre como la actual pandemia exige a la UE estar preparada para
futuras crisis sanitarias.
Ciudades y bicicletas: Una publicación de usuarios para técnicos urbanistas y legisladores en movilidad
Authors: Martín Fernández Manuel
Published: November 2020

“Cities and Bicycles: The role of municipal ordinances” is a book that comes from expert users, both in infrastructure and data analysis and legislation, to fill an important gap in sustainable mobility. Though It is recommended for all interested public, it is focused in technicians who want to enrich their own knowledge, based on content coming from the preferences and experiences of people who use the bicycle as a means of transport in a daily basis, and apply them in their work. In the article, the author, an exceptional witness as a representative of ConBici for a decade, tells, in first person, how the publication was conceived and who contributed to its writing and realization. It also, to some extent, fills a void for municipalities that currently encourage the drafting of ordinances that affect the bicycle and demand a standard text on which to rely. However, its elaboration is not possible without addressing a deep refurbishment of National mobility regulations . This proccess always seems imminent but it never arrives. “Cities and bicycles: the role of municipal ordinances” aims to contribute in the right way to the changes that sustainable mobi
A terapia por vibração do corpo inteiro promove melhora do equilíbrio na doença de Parkinson?
Authors: Amaral Fernanda França , Massucato Ana Carolina Obici , Araújo Priscilla de Figueiredo , Taciro Charles , Souza Albert Schiaveto de , Christofoletti Gustavo
Published: November 2020

Distúrbios do equilíbrio consistem em um grande problema na doença de Parkinson (DP). A terapia por vibração do corpo inteiro mostra-se benéfica em pessoas saudáveis, mas apresenta eficácia incerta na DP. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar os efeitos agudos da terapia por vibração do corpo inteiro sobre o equilíbrio de pacientes com DP e analisar o tamanho do efeito da intervenção para predizer o número ideal de participantes. Doze participantes com DP foram randomicamente divididos entre grupos intervenção e placebo. O grupo intervenção foi submetidos à terapia vibratória, tendo o equilíbrio avaliado em período anterior, imediatamente após e transcorrido cinco minutos da sessão. O grupo placebo fez uma intervenção simulada, tendo o equilíbrio avaliado nos mesmos períodos. Ambos os grupos tiveram seus olhos vendados para manter cegamento dos participantes sobre a intervenção. As variáveis analisadas foram deslocamento, área e velocidade de deslocamento. O tamanho do efeito foi verificado em análises univariadas e multivariadas, admitindo significância em 5%. Sobre os resultados, a terapia por vibração do corpo inteiro não apresentou eficácia sobre o equilíbrio na DP em momento imediato e transcorrido cinco minutos da aplicação da terapia. A análise que apresentou maior tamanho do efeito se deu quando o equilíbrio foi mensurado de forma multivariada, predizendo a necessidade de 46 pacientes. Em conclusão, os resultados desse estudo foram imprecisos quanto à eficácia da terapia por vibração do corpo inteiro no equilíbrio de pacientes com DP. Novas pesquisas com uma amostra superior a 46 participantes devem ser realizadas.
Pre-Exercise Screening Questionnaire: tradução do instrumento de triagem relacionado à COVID-19
Authors: Santos Iaggo Raphael David , Carneiro Lara Sofia Rodrigues de Sousa Fernandes , Rodrigues Vinícius Dias , Machado Frederico Mansur , Paula Alfredo Maurício Batista de , Schuch Felipe Barreto , Neto Leônidas de Oliveira , Monteiro-Junior Renato Sobral
Published: November 2020

A pandemia causada pela doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19) e as medidas de distanciamento social provocaram reduções nos níveis de atividade física das pessoas. A atividade física está associada a uma melhor saúde física e mental, e manter a população ativa durante a pandemia é essencial. No entanto, ainda não se sabe se exercícios podem, em pessoas infectadas, causar uma potencial exacerbação de sintomas da COVID-19. O presente estudo objetivou traduzir o Pre-exercise screening questionnaire (PESQ) para o Português Brasileiro e de Portugal, para facilitar a sua utilização por profissionais ligados ao exercício físico não fluentes na língua inglesa. O PESQ contém sete perguntas diretas sobre os sintomas mais comuns de COVID-19 mais comumente encontrado em adultos e idosos, para orientação segura para prática de exercício físico. A tradução foi feita em 5 etapas: Tradução inicial, tradução cega, revisão da tradução, adequação da língua Portuguesa e ajustes e finalização. As etapas foram realizadas por pesquisadores experientes, com fluência em língua inglesa e nativos em português Brasileiro e de Portugal. No processo de tradução não houve divergências importantes entre os tradutores. A adaptação transcultural foi importante, pois, o português de Portugal difere-se do brasileiro. O instrumento foi devidamente traduzido e pode ser utilizado como ferramenta de screening para os sintomas da COVID-19 por profissionais do exercício durante a pandemia. No momento, o PESQ é a principal ferramenta disponível para prevenir danos relacionados à COVID-19 e a prática de exercícios.
Reliability of the modified lateral pillar classification for Legg Calvé Perthes disease performed by a large group of international paediatric orthopaedic surgeons
Authors: Laine Jennifer C. , Novotny Susan A. , Huhnstock Stefan , Ries Andrew J. , Tis John E. , Sankar Wudbhav N. , Jo Chan-Hee , Kim Harry K. W. ,   International Perthes Study Group
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The modified lateral pillar classification (mLPC) is used for prognostication in the fragmentation stage of Legg Calvé Perthes disease. Previous reliability assessments of mLPC range from fair to good agreement when evaluated by a small number of observers with pre-selected radiographs. The purpose of this study was to determine the inter-observer and intra-observer reliability of mLPC performed by a group of international paediatric orthopaedic surgeons. Surgeons self-selected the radiograph for mLPC assessment, as would be done clinically.

Methods

In total, 40 Perthes cases with serial radiographs were selected. For each case, 26 surgeons independently selected a radiograph and assigned mLPC and 21 raters re-evaluated the same 40 cases to establish intra-observer reliability. Rater performance was determined through surgeon consensus using the mode mLPC as ‘gold standard’. Inter-observer and intra-observer reliability data were analysed using weighted kappa statistics.

Results

The weighted kappa for inter-observer correlation for mLPC was 0.64 (95% confidence interval: 0.55 to 0.74) and was 0.82 (range: 0.35 to 0.99) for intra-observer correlation. Individual surgeon's overall performance varied from 48% to 88% agreement. Surgeon mLPC performance was not influenced by years of experience (p = 0.51). Radiograph selection did not influence gold standard assignment of mLPC. There was greater agreement on cases of mild B hips and severe C hips.

Conclusions

mLPC has low good inter-observer agreement when performed by a large number of surgeons with varied experience. Surgeons frequently chose different radiographs, with no impact on mLPC agreement. Further refinement is needed to help differentiate hips on the border of group B and C.

Level of evidence

III
Quantity Prediction of Mixed Freshwater Fish Based on Passive Underwater Acoustic Signals
Authors: Tu Qunzi , Yang Yongwen , Huang Hanying , Li Lu , Xiong Shanbai , Zhao Siming
Published: November 2020

Highlights

The use of passive underwater acoustic technology to estimate the species and quantity of freshwater fish provides a theoretical basis for effectively estimating the quantity of freshwater aquaculture.

Mixed proportion recognition models for breams and crucians were built using probabilistic neural network (PNN) and support vector machine (SVM), and the influences of different super-parameters on the recognition rate were analyzed. The results showed that the classification model established with SVM after equiripple filtering was best.

Mixed quantity prediction models for breams and crucians were constructed using multiple linear regression, and the effects of different filtering methods on the model performance were analyzed. The results showed that the best quantity prediction model was constructed with Butterworth filtering.

Abstract. Acoustic signals of breams and crucians were collected at seven mixed proportions and 15 mixed quantitative gradients. After normalization and different filtering processes, the characteristics of the acoustic signals were extracted. Mixed proportion recognition models for breams and crucians were established using probabilistic neural network (PNN) and support vector machine (SVM). The results showed that the model established using SVM after equiripple filtering was best, and the recognition rate was 0.9583. A mixed quantity prediction model for breams and crucians was established by multiple linear regression based on ordinary least squares. The results showed that the model was best after Butterworth filtering, the adjusted decision coefficient of the model was 0.9514, and the relative analysis error was 4.7571. Keywords: Freshwater fish, Passive underwater acoustic signals, Pattern recognition, Regression analysis.
Selective Cropping as a Soil Conservation Practice: A Benefits Evaluation
Authors: Kikoyo Duncan , Ale Srinivasulu , Smith Patricia K.
Published: November 2020

Highlights

Replacing either a winter wheat or corn system with a spring wheat system improved soil retention by more than 19%.

When grown for bioenergy production instead of forage hay, switchgrass improved soil retention by 40%.

Replacement of field cropping systems with grassland systems improved soil retention by over 70%.

Incorporating the environmental merits and demerits of cropping systems during on-farm and policy decision-making may go a long way toward ensuring food, feed, and energy security and environmental sustainability.

Abstract. While policies that take land out of production provide a quick fix to erosion, the sustainability of such approaches has been questioned, particularly with the increasing demand for arable land. Policies that reconcile the needs for food, feed, fuel, and healthy ecosystems provide a more sustainable alternative approach to soil erosion management in agricultural lands. This study evaluates the impacts of such a policy that prioritizes the implementation of cropping systems with relatively high environmental benefits. The effectiveness of three field cropping systems and three grassland systems in reducing soil erosion is examined on a 6.6 ha field plot in central Texas over a 20-year period. Soil loss rates under each system are estimated using the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model. A relational comparison of the simulated soil losses and water budget components is undertaken to determine the impact of alternative cropping and grassland systems on the landscape’s hydrologic and erosion processes. The results revealed that replacing a winter wheat system and a corn cropping system with a spring wheat system improved soil retention by 19% and 25%, respectively. Growing switchgrass for bioenergy production instead of forage hay improved soil retention considerably (by 40%). Irrespective of the grassland system adopted (restoration to native prairie or growing switchgrass for hay or bioenergy), the replacement of corn or wheat cropping systems with grassland systems increased soil retention by over 70%. This study shows that there is an opportunity to alleviate concerns about conservation programs that take cropland out of production and those that use food crops as fuel and feedstocks, while considerably reducing soil loss from agricultural lands. Incorporating the merits and demerits of cropping systems and why one system should be preferred over another during on-farm and policy decision-making may go a long way toward ensuring food, feed, and energy security and environmental sustainability. Keywords: Cropping systems, Soil retention, Sustainability, Switchgrass.
Development of Prediction Model for Axle Torque of Agricultural Tractors
Authors: Kim Wan-Soo , Kim Yeon-Soo , Kim Yong-Joo
Published: November 2020

Highlights

A prediction model was developed for estimating the axle torque of an agricultural tractor.

The model was developed by complementing and modifying a previously proposed traction equation.

Compared to the actual axle torque, the proposed model attained MAPE of 2.1%, RMSE of 29 Nm, and RD of 2.7%.

The model predicted axle torque more accurately than the traction force-based prediction model.

Abstract. The tractor driving axle torque is an important factor in optimal transmission design and service life evaluation. Axle torque measurement sensor systems are very expensive, and traction force-based axle torque prediction models cannot accurately estimate the axle torque because they do not consider both the conditions of the tractor and the attached implement. Therefore, in this study, a prediction model was developed to estimate the axle torque of an agricultural tractor based on the traction force equation and motion resistance. A load measurement system was established to verify the developed prediction model, and actual field torque data were collected through field tests. The developed prediction model was verified by comparing the results of five reference prediction methods, including weight, engine-rated torque, and three traction equations (Wismer-Luth, ASABE Standard D497.4, and Brixius), using the measured axle torque. Performance evaluation was conducted based on the main variables, including travel speed, tillage depth, and slip ratio. The proposed prediction model was found to be closest to the 1:1 line at all travel speeds, tillage depths, and slip ratios, implying that it can best explain the measured torque values among all prediction models. Compared to the other prediction models, the proposed prediction model’s results under all variable conditions had an R2 of 0.65, MAPE of 2.1%, RMSE of 29 Nm, and RD of 2.7%, indicating excellent prediction of the measured torque. The results show that the developed prediction model can be applied to axle torque prediction by explaining the actual measured axle torque. Keywords: Agricultural tractor, Axle torque, Prediction model, Torque estimation, Traction force.
Physical activity for people living with cancer: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of general practitioners in Australia
Authors: Alderman Georgina , Keegan Richard , Semple Stuart , Toohey Kellie
Published: November 2020

Background

Healthcare professionals’ (Oncologists, doctors, and nurses) physical activity (PA) recommendations impact patients living with cancer PA levels. General practitioners (GPs) monitor the overall health of patients living with cancer throughout their treatment journey. This is the first study to explore GP’s knowledge, attitudes and practices of PA for patients living with cancer.

Methods

GPs who see patients living with cancer regularly (n = 111) completed a survey based on The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Participants (GP’s) reported knowledge, attitudes, perceived behaviour control and subjective norms of PA within the cancer population. GP recommendation and referral rates of PA were reported. Principal component analysis was conducted to establish a set of survey items aligned to TPB constructs (attitude, subjective norms, perceived control), and multiple regression analyses characterised associations between these predictor variables and (a) recommendation; and (b) referral–of PA to cancer patients.

Results

GPs (n = 111) recommended PA to 41–60% of their patients and referred 1–20% to PA programs. Multiple regression models significantly predicted the percent of patients recommended PA, p < .0005 adj. R2 = 0.40 and referred PA, p < .0005, adj. R2 = 0.21. GP attitudes and perceived behavioural control and GP’s own activity levels were significant predictors of whether patients were recommended and referred for PA, p<0.05.

Conclusion

GPs reported positive attitudes and perceptions towards promoting PA for their patients living with cancer. Despite having a positive correlation between PA recommendations and referral rates, a gap was evident between GP’s PA beliefs and their individual referral practices. More GP’s willing to promote and refer their patients for PA, would improve the physical and mental health outcomes of the cancer population.
Diurnal variation of motor activity in adult ADHD patients analyzed with methods from graph theory
Authors: Fasmer Ole Bernt , Fasmer Erlend Eindride , Mjeldheim Kristin , Førland Wenche , Syrstad Vigdis Elin Giæver , Jakobsen Petter , Berle Jan Øystein , Henriksen Tone E. G. , Sepasdar Zahra , Hauge Erik R. , Oedegaard Ketil J.
Published: November 2020

Attention-deficit /hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by age-inappropriate levels of motor activity, impulsivity and attention. The aim of the present study was to study diurnal variation of motor activity in adult ADHD patients, compared to healthy controls and clinical controls with mood and anxiety disorders. Wrist-worn actigraphs were used to record motor activity in a sample of 81 patients and 30 healthy controls. Time series from registrations in the morning and evening were analyzed using measures of variability, complexity and a newly developed method, the similarity algorithm, based on transforming time series into graphs. In healthy controls the evening registrations showed higher variability and lower complexity compared to morning registrations, however this was evident only in the female controls. In the two patient groups the same measures were not significantly different, with one exception, the graph measure bridges. This was the measure that most clearly separated morning and evening registrations and was significantly different both in healthy controls and in patients with a diagnosis of ADHD. These findings suggest that actigraph registrations, combined with mathematical methods based on graph theory, may be used to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the diurnal regulation of motor activity.
Prenatal care coverage and correlates of HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa: Insight from demographic and health surveys of 16 countries
Authors: Awopegba Oluwafemi Emmanuel , Kalu Amarachi , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Ajayi Anthony Idowu
Published: November 2020

Background

Prenatal screening of pregnant women for HIV is central to eliminating mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of HIV. While some countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have scaled up their prevention of MTCT programmes, ensuring a near-universal prenatal care HIV testing, and recording a significant reduction in new infection among children, several others have poor outcomes due to inadequate testing. We conducted a multi-country analysis of demographic and health surveys (DHS) to assess the coverage of HIV testing during pregnancy and also examine the factors associated with uptake.

Methods

We analysed data of 64,933 women from 16 SSA countries with recent DHS datasets (2015–2018) using Stata version 16. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models were used to examine correlates of prenatal care uptake of HIV testing. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

Results

Progress in scaling up of prenatal care HIV testing was uneven across SSA, with only 6.1% of pregnant women tested in Chad compared to 98.1% in Rwanda. While inequality in access to HIV testing among pregnant women is pervasive in most SSA countries and particularly in West and Central Africa sub-regions, a few countries, including Rwanda, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Zambia have managed to eliminate wealth and rural-urban inequalities in access to prenatal care HIV testing.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the between countries and sub-regional disparities in prenatal care uptake of HIV testing in SSA. Even though no country has universal coverage of prenatal care HIV testing, East and Southern African regions have made remarkable progress towards ensuring no pregnant woman is left untested. However, the West and Central Africa regions had low coverage of prenatal care testing, with the rich and well educated having better access to testing, while the poor rarely tested. Addressing the inequitable access and coverage of HIV testing among pregnant women is vital in these sub-regions.
Zero-Inflated gaussian mixed models for analyzing longitudinal microbiome data
Authors: Zhang Xinyan , Guo Boyi , Yi Nengjun
Published: November 2020

Motivation

The human microbiome is variable and dynamic in nature. Longitudinal studies could explain the mechanisms in maintaining the microbiome in health or causing dysbiosis in disease. However, it remains challenging to properly analyze the longitudinal microbiome data from either 16S rRNA or metagenome shotgun sequencing studies, output as proportions or counts. Most microbiome data are sparse, requiring statistical models to handle zero-inflation. Moreover, longitudinal design induces correlation among the samples and thus further complicates the analysis and interpretation of the microbiome data.

Results

In this article, we propose zero-inflated Gaussian mixed models (ZIGMMs) to analyze longitudinal microbiome data. ZIGMMs is a robust and flexible method which can be applicable for longitudinal microbiome proportion data or count data generated with either 16S rRNA or shotgun sequencing technologies. It can include various types of fixed effects and random effects and account for various within-subject correlation structures, and can effectively handle zero-inflation. We developed an efficient Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm to fit the ZIGMMs by taking advantage of the standard procedure for fitting linear mixed models. We demonstrate the computational efficiency of our EM algorithm by comparing with two other zero-inflated methods. We show that ZIGMMs outperform the previously used linear mixed models (LMMs), negative binomial mixed models (NBMMs) and zero-inflated Beta regression mixed model (ZIBR) in detecting associated effects in longitudinal microbiome data through extensive simulations. We also apply our method to two public longitudinal microbiome datasets and compare with LMMs and NBMMs in detecting dynamic effects of associated taxa.
DISRUPSI: Dinamika kehidupan Masyarakat Mentawai di Tengah Modernisasi Authors
Authors:   jakarta photo project, Satria Rengga
Published: November 2020

Since 6 decades ago, the government has tried to eliminate the belief of the Mentawai Indigenous people, Arat Sabulungan. Combustion of custom tools and equipment until Sikerei’s arrest was legalized in Decree No.167/PROMOSI/1954. One goal is to abolish the belief of Arat Sabulungan and force the Mentawai indigenous people to take a religion recognized by the government as their belief. However, many parties believe that this is only a trick to transfer the function of 601.135 hectares of Mentawai land, most of which are forests to become “mine” for government investment. Forests that have been the “Qibla” of Arat Sabulungan will be easily controlled if the Mentawai indigenous people believe in other beliefs and become modern.
Adaptasi–Peningkatan Ketahanan Air Tawar di Kepulauan Aru
Authors:   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, Hantoro Wahyoe Soepri , Djuwansah Muhamad Rahman ,   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, Soebowo Eko ,   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, Narulita Ida ,   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, Ismail Mochamad Furqon Azis ,   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, Nurochman Heri ,   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, Kosasih Engkos ,   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, Suyatno Suyatno ,   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences
Published: November 2020

Kerentanan di Pulau Aru terhadap kejadian ekstrem menjadi ancaman terhadap neraca air, terutama di kawasan pesisir landai. Diperlukan strategi adaptasi guna meningkatkan daya dukung lingkungan sekaligus daya dukung neraca air sehingga terbangun sistem pengelolaan-penyimpanan air secara lestari dan bijaksana. Kerangka kerentanan, mitigasi, dan adaptasi coba disajikan melalui pendekatan pemulihan dan penguatan lingkungan sehingga bisa menjadi alternatif solusi permasalahan di Pulau Aru. Oleh karena itu, buku ini dapat menjadi acuan cara menganalisis dan menentukan teknologi yang sesuai untuk memperkuat ketahanan air bersih di gugusan pulau datar dalam menghadapi kerentanan kejadian ekstrem alam. Semoga buku ini dapat bermanfaat bagi pengambil kebijakan dan masyarakat luas, utamanya mereka yang tinggal di daerah pesisir landai.
Modified Cassava Flour (Mocaf): Optimalisasi Proses dan Potensi Pengembangan Industri Berbasis UMKM
Authors:   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, Helmi Rahmi Lestari , Khasanah Yuniar ,   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, Damayanti Ema ,   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, Kurniadi Muhamad ,   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, Mahelingga Dhevi EIR ,   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences
Published: November 2020

Informasi optimalisasi proses pembuatan tepung mocaf ini difokuskan untuk menumbuhkembangkan usaha berbasis UMKM sehingga pendekatan optimalisasi teknologi tepat guna penting dilakukan. Buku ini juga merangkum hasil-hasil penelitian untuk mengoptimalkan seluruh proses pembuatan tepung mocaf, baik yang dilakukan oleh LIPI maupun pihak-pihak lain di dalam dan luar negeri. Bunga rampai ini tidak hanya bertujuan memberikan informasi dan pemetaan potensi pengembangan mocaf bagi UMKM, tetapi juga dapat dijadikan rujukan dan rekomendasi bagi pemangku kepentingan agar ketergantungan Indonesia pada bahan baku impor (tepung terigu) dapat dikurangi melalui pemanfaatan bahan baku lokal. Mengembangkan tepung mocaf, berarti membangun sinergi yang kuat di antara pemangku kepentingan tersebut dalam mendukung kemandirian pangan. Untuk itu, bunga rampai ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi para peneliti, akademisi, dan masyarakat umum dalam pengembangan mocaf serta menjadi referensi yang tepat bagi pemerintah selaku regulator dalam menentukan kebijakan terkait tepung mocaf serta produk olahan pangan berbasis mocaf.
It really does depend: Towards an epistemology (and ontology) for everyday social pedagogical practice
Authors: Smith Mark
Published: November 2020

Understandings of knowledge in social work, in the UK at least, are based on an assumption that theory – increasingly derived from ‘scientific’ or ‘evidence-based’ perspectives – can be abstracted and applied to practice. Essentially, knowledge acquisition and utilisation are seen as transactional, instrumental endeavours. Such a view does not fit with the realities of everyday social pedagogical practice. This article begins to develop an alternative conception of social work/social pedagogical knowledge from an Aristotelean position, within which the relationship between theory and practice happens in the domain of praxis; this is not a direct mapping of theory onto practice but operates in a constant dialectic within which one informs and indeed collapses into the other. Effective praxis requires Aristotle’s intellectual virtue of phronesis (practical reasoning or judgement). Phronesis understands practice within its wider moral purpose and foregrounds the virtues and dispositions of practitioners rather than a set of rules. Knowing and being (epistemology and ontology) therefore come together in how practitioners engage in everyday practice. This proposition challenges dominant technical and instrumental conceptions of knowledge and, more generally, of the way in which professional practice is currently understood.
The Unfinished Sequel to The Corner That Held Them (Part 1 of 2)
Authors: Warner Sylvia Townsend
Published: November 2020

This is the first part of a two-part edited presentation of an unfinished sequel to Sylvia Townsend Warner’s 1948 novel, The Corner That Held Them.
Śmierć intelektualisty. Nareszcie!
Authors: Zych Jacek
Published: November 2020

Intelektualista to figura związana z wieloma jeszcze do niedawna żywymi mitami. Karol Marks porzucający karierę mieszczańskiego akademika i dziennikarza, by na całe życie zostać politycznym wygnańcem (uchodźcą?), György Lukács po upadku Rewolucji Węgierskiej oddający pióro, gdy oficer KGP prosi go o złożenie broni, Kuroń i Modzelewski piszący List do partii, za który spędzą lata w więzieniu, Sartre rezygnujący z nagrody Nobla… Dziś ta figura jest martwa, nie ma nic bardziej odległego od przywołanego toposu niż współczesny polski akademik, konformista i karierowicz produkujący teksty w sposób zbliżony do tego, w jaki robotnik fabryczny przy taśmie produkuje towary, w przeciwieństwie do tego ostatniego niezdolny jednak tak do refleksji, jak i do walki o cokolwiek, nawet o samego siebie. Wbrew jednak przekonaniu burżuazji, która sądzi, że „historia ongi istniała, ale dzisiaj historii już nie ma” i chętnie by poprzestała na obróceniu intelektualisty w swojego płatnego, najemnego robotnika, historia dopiero się rozpoczyna. Totalna alienacja, jaką jest podporządkowanie władz umysłowych akumulacji kapitału, wymaga totalnej rebelii.
Почему люди уезжают из одних регионов и приезжают в другие: мотивы межрегиональной миграции в России
Authors: Мкртчян Никита Владимирович , Флоринская Юлия Фридриховна
Published: November 2020

Вопрос о причинах и мотивах переселений — один из ключевых в изучении миграции. На основе глубинных интервью с двумя группами мигрантов: (1) уехавшими из миграционно непривлекательного региона — Забайкальского края, (2) переехавшими в один из наиболее привлекательных — Краснодарский край, — проанализировано действие притягивающих и выталкивающих мотивов миграции. В статье не просто фиксируются и выделяются те или иные мотивы переезда, порядок их упоминания, но и анализируются их значимость и приоритетность в нарративах в зависимости от региона выхода/вселения. Трудовые (экономические) мотивы миграции упоминаются большинством мигрантов, то же касается городской среды, инфраструктуры, возможностей для личностного роста и проведения досуга. Экологические и природно-климатические мотивы миграции информанты чаще рассматривают как второстепенные. Семейные мотивы тесно связаны с остальными и плохо вписываются в систему притягивающих и выталкивающих мотивов, поскольку характеризуют не регион выхода/вселения, а личную ситуацию информанта.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения научно-исследовательской работы государственного задания РАНХиГС.
Карьерные стратегии женщин-инженеров на предприятиях ракетно-космической отрасли: цели и возможности реализации
Authors: Подольская Анна Александровна
Published: November 2020

Статья посвящена исследованию восприятия карьеры работницами предприятий ракетно-космической отрасли «советского» и «постсоветского» поколений. Основная цель исследования — описать карьерные стратегии женщин-инженеров и их элементы: карьерные цели, шаги к их достижению, оценку достижений. Эмпирическую базу исследования составляют 33 полуструктурированных глубинных интервью с женщинами-инженерами: специалистами «советского» поколения и теми, кто начал свой трудовой путь после распада СССР. Проведенный анализ показал, что для старшего поколения женщин характерно восприятие карьеры исходя из понимания коллективных целей и своей личной роли в общем деле. Карьера для них воспринимается как успешный результат коллективных достижений. Для молодых инженеров характерны целенаправленные действия для повышения профессионализма и административного роста: карьера воспринимается ими через личностные достижения. В то же время представители обоих поколений считают, что в РКО существуют различные «неформальные» барьеры для женщин, и они проявляются сильнее для сотрудниц, мотивированных на должностное продвижение.
Благодарность. Автор выражает благодарность, своему научному руководителю к. соц. наук, доценту НИУ ВШЭ Савинской Ольге Борисовне за ценные советы и комментарии в процессе подготовки статьи. Автор также благодарит всех респонденток, принявших участие в исследовании.
Оценка информационной наполненности интернет-представительств органов местного самоуправления в Луганской области (Украина)
Authors: Корытникова Надежда Владимировна
Published: November 2020

В статье представлены результаты мониторинга интернет-представительств органов местного самоуправления в Луганской области в период с марта по май 2018 г. Информационная наполненность сайтов анализировалась по пяти направлениям: общая информация о территории города или села, информация о деятельности органов местного самоуправления, рекомендованные для размещения официальные документы, обеспечение доступа к публичной информации, удобство пользования веб-сайтом и доступность веб-контента.
Исследование показывает некоторые проблемы информационной наполненности официальных сайтов местных органов власти с точки зрения полноты и структурированности потока данных. Автор определяет приоритетные области по улучшению качества материалов для веб-дизайнеров и чиновников. Социальная актуальность данного исследования обусловлена тезисом о том, что на основе грамотной подачи контента можно своевременно получать информацию о реакциях населения на правительственные инициативы. В статье описывается, как на основе интернет-представительства можно реализовать идею участия и активного включения граждан в процесс принятия управленческих решений.