bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Social Media Communication: Empirical Study of Online Purchase Intention of Financial Products
Authors: Jha Bidyanand
Published: August 2019

Social media provides a virtual workplace/network where people can enjoy expressing their opinions, exchange opinions, disseminate and control messages anywhere and anytime. Marketers are now able to reach consumers and interact with them using social media. The present study investigates the relations between communications on the social network platforms and its effect on the purchase intentions of young consumers towards financial products. Different statistical techniques were used to assess and validate the constructs selected for the study. Subjective content validity (based on structured interviews), reliability tests (using Cronbach’s alpha [α]), exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for evaluating the factor structure and initial validity were used for the investigation. The findings suggest that user-generated social media communication (UGSMC) such as customer reviews plays an important role in creating positive perception towards online purchase of financial products, thereby impacting the brand attitude (BA) and brand equity. The perception of consumers is built on what they see and hear on social media platforms. There is a positive influence of social media on the online purchase of financial products. Social media influences information at different stages of customer decision-making.
African Move to Withdraw from the ICC:   Assessment of Issues and Implications
Authors: Chipaike Ronald , Tshuma Nduduzo , Hofisi Sharon
Published: August 2019

Africa’s relationship with the International Criminal Court (ICC) has been strained over the past few years. Threats by a number of African states to withdraw from the ICC’s jurisdiction have marked a crescendo in the strained relationship. This study looks at the issues surrounding the proposed or threatened mass withdrawal by African countries and the implications for peace and justice in the African continent. Utilising interviews with a cross section of key informants including members of the African diplomatic community resident in Zimbabwe, this study highlights that it is difficult for African states to withdraw en masse since not all states are agreeable to this stance. The study further highlights that although the ICC is not a perfect institution, it is the only alternative court of last resort that can deal with human rights and international humanitarian law violations as well as impunity in the continent. The proposed African Court of Justice and Human Rights (ACJHR) has not yet taken root owing to a shortage of adequate ratifications of the protocol establishing it.   Thus, although concerns of unfair targeting of African leaders and individuals by the ICC could be considered valid, African states need to find a way of establishing a cordial relationship with the ICC to ensure the protection of individual rights while they establish regional institutions to deal with cases currently being referred to the ICC.
The low accuracy of the non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction electrocardiograph criteria of the fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction
Authors: Morris Niall , Reynard Charles , Body Richard
Published: August 2019

Background:

The electrocardiograph has been integral to the diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes since the mid-20th Century and is an important initial investigation that chest pain patients undergo on presentation to the Emergency Department. The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction recommends using dichotomous cut-offs to identify ischaemic electrocardiographs.

Objectives:

We aimed to summarise the existing knowledge to inform emergency clinicians about the diagnostic accuracy of the new guidelines.

Methods:

We performed a systematic review and a narrative analysis due to the heterogeneity of the studies.

Results:

We were able to obtain diagnostic characteristics for 10 papers. The ST-depression criteria were highly specific but poorly sensitive in five papers, with a specificity of 97.2%–99.3% and a sensitivity of 16.6%–20.0%. The remaining papers reported a higher sensitivity of 25.7%–58.6% but a lower specificity of 86.0%–91.2%. T wave inversion demonstrated poor specificity; the papers that looked at 0.1 mV T wave inversion demonstrated a sensitivity of 26.9%–46.8% and a specificity of 68.6%–86.4%.

Conclusion:

The heterogeneous evidence database demonstrates that the Fourth universal definition’s diagnostic performance varies wildly. Apart from two outlying papers, ST-depression has suboptimal sensitivity but high specificity. T wave inversion appears to be more sensitive yet less specific.
Analytical and experimental investigation of cable–beam system dynamics
Authors: Jalali Mohammad Hadi , Rideout Geoff
Published: August 2019

Interactions between cables and structures affect the design and nondestructive testing of electricity transmission lines, guyed towers, and bridges. An analytical model for an electricity pole beam–cable system is presented, which can be extended to other applications. A cantilever beam is connected to two stranded cables. The cables are modeled as tensioned Euler–Bernoulli beams, considering the sag due to self-weight. The pole is also modeled as a cantilever Euler–Bernoulli beam and the equations of motion are derived using Hamilton’s principle. The model was validated with a reduced-scale system in the laboratory and a setup was designed to accurately measure the bending stiffness of the stranded cable under tension. It is concluded that the bending stiffness and sag of the cable have a significant effect on the dynamics of beam–cable structures. By adding the cable to the pole structure, some hybrid modes emerge in the eigenvalue solution of the system. Modes with antisymmetric cable motion are sag-independent and the modes with symmetric cable motion are dependent on the cable sag. The effect of sag on the natural frequencies is more significant when the bending stiffness of the cables is higher.
Yoni touch and talk: Sacralizing the female sex through tantra
Authors: Plancke Carine
Published: August 2019

This article examines women’s tantric retreats in Northwest Europe aimed at developing female sexual subjectivity. Based on ethnographic study and in-depth interviews, it argues that the retreats induced among participants critical distancing from socially dominant representations of (self-)objectified femininity and pornified female sexuality. It highlights how, through foregrounding a view of the female sex as sacred, the workshops fostered experiences of embodying the divine as grounds for female worthiness. It further illustrates how intimate touch among women and self-touch were encouraged as ways to establish an erotic connection with a vital flow beyond a narrow focus on sexual activity.
Modeling of a heavy-lift airship carrying a payload by a cable-driven parallel manipulator
Authors: Abdallah Fida Ben , Azouz Naoufel , Beji Lotfi , Abichou Azgal
Published: August 2019

In this article, we present a preliminary analysis of a heavy-lift airship carrying a payload through a cable-driven parallel robot. With unlimited access to isolated locations around the globe, heavy-lift airship enables affordable and safe delivery of heavy cargo thanks to its vertical takeoff and landing capabilities. By considering the airship and the cable-driven parallel robot as a combined system, the kinematic and dynamic models are developed. The choice of the proposed decentralized control structure is justified by the weak coupling of the two subsystems (i.e. airship and cable-driven parallel robot) which makes it possible to control the above two subsystems independently. A robust sliding mode control, capable of auto-piloting and controlling the airship, is developed. Furthermore, an inverse dynamic controller is applied to the cable-driven parallel robot in order to ensure loading and unloading phase. The feature of the proposed control system is that the coupled dynamics between the airship and the cable-driven parallel robot are explicitly incorporated into control system design, without any simplifying assumption. Numerical simulation results are presented and a stability analysis is provided to confirm the accuracy of our derivations.
Morphine and HIV-1 gp120 cooperatively promote pathogenesis in the spinal pain neural circuit
Authors: Shi Yuqiang , Yuan Subo , Tang Shao-Jun
Published: August 2019

Opioids are common analgesics for pain relief in HIV patients. Ironically, emerging clinical data indicate that repeated use of opioid analgesics in fact leads to a heightened chronic pain state. To understand the underlying pathogenic mechanism, we generated a mouse model to study the interactive effect of morphine and HIV-1 gp120 on pain pathogenesis. We simulated chronic pain in the model by showing that repeated morphine administrations potentiated HIV-1 intrathecal gp120-induced pain. Several spinal cellular and molecular pathologies that are implicated in the development of HIV-associated pain are exacerbated by morphine, including astroglial activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and Wnt5a signaling. We further demonstrated that inhibition of Wnt5a not only reversed the glial activation and cytokine upregulation but also the exacerbation of gp120-induced pain. These studies establish a mouse model for the opioid exacerbation of HIV-associated pain and reveal potential cellular and molecular mechanisms by which morphine enhances the pain.
Small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix during pregnancy
Authors: Eto Satoshi , Kai Kentaro , Nasu Kaei , Nishida Masakazu , Nishida Haruto , Narahara Hisashi
Published: August 2019

Small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a rare histological entity that has a poor prognosis. We report the case of a patient with small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix who underwent a radical hysterectomy during pregnancy. A 33-year-old Japanese woman with genital bleeding was referred at 15 weeks’ gestation. A speculum exam revealed a 5.4-cm-dia. mass in the cervix, and a cervical biopsy revealed small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Imaging studies demonstrated a tumor confined to the cervix, swelling of intra-pelvic lymph nodes, and no distant spread of the tumor. She was diagnosed as having small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, stage IB2, and underwent a radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. She refused any adjuvant therapies, had a systemic relapse 4 months after surgery, and died of the disease 5 months after surgery. Early-stage small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix should be treated with a definitive therapy soon after diagnosis whether the patient is pregnant or not. Saving the mother’s life should be the top priority.
The Geoeconomics and Geopolitics of Japan’s ‘Indo-Pacific’ Strategy
Authors: Scott David
Published: August 2019

This article seeks to trace, explain and evaluate Japan’s shift towards the ‘Indo-Pacific’. It argues that Japan’s Indo-Pacific strategy is one that explicitly seeks to (a) expand Japan’s presence across Indo-Pacific in order to (b) openly and explicitly gain greater energy security and in order to (c) tacitly and implicitly restrain China. Stephen Walt’s ‘balance of threat’ logic is of relevance, given its focus on ‘geographic proximity’ and ‘perceived offensive intentions’ posed by China to Japan and other states in the region. The structure of the article is threefold: (a) Indo-Pacific strategic discourse in Japan, (b) Japan’s Indo-Pacific actorness, with regard to its role in regional structures and its own maritime projections across the region and (c) Japan’s Indo-Pacific diplomacy, with regard to the various bilateral, trilateral and quadrilateral partnerships, strategic geometry, that Japan has fashioned. The article concludes with overall evaluation of the effectiveness of Japan’s Indo-Pacific strategy.
Nurses' Remaining in Everyday Nursing Practice—A Comprehensive Model
Authors: Kristoffersen Margareth
Published: August 2019

Previous theoretical and empirical models of nurses' remaining in everyday nursing practice are explained by elements such as intent to stay and desire to stay. This study provides a model that expands or expresses an increased understanding of the comprehensiveness of the issue by pointing to the qualitative worth of different desires. The aim of this study is to describe a comprehensive model of nurses' remaining in everyday nursing practice. This study was designed in three sequential stages: first, the empirical foundation of the model; second, the development of the model; and third, the description of the model. The described model is derived from a previous qualitative study's comprehensive understanding of empirical findings. That original study was based on a hermeneutical approach, the aim of which was to understand what is of significance for nurses to remain in everyday practice. The collected data consisted of qualitative interviews and qualitative follow-up interviews with 13 nurses. The research context was the primary and secondary somatic and psychiatric health service. The present comprehensive model is stated in a simple structure, which nonetheless provides a relevant framework for constituent elements of nurses' remaining in everyday practice. Horizons of identity and self-understanding have been identified as constituent elements or key concepts involved in remaining. By focusing on a deepened and broader understanding, the model highlights that remaining may be constituted through a process of identification and taking standpoints, which in turn has a potential to empower nurses to realize themselves.
Effects of Vocal Training on Students’ Voices in a Professional Drama School
Authors: Tower Jacob I. , Acton Lynn , Wolf Jessica , Wilson Walton , Young Nwanmegha
Published: August 2019

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vocal training on acoustic and aerodynamic characteristics of student actors’ voices.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary medical facility speech and swallow center.

Subjects and Methods

Acoustic, aerodynamic, and Voice Handicap Index–10 measures were collected from 14 first‐year graduate‐level drama students before and after a standard vocal training program and analyzed for changes over time.

Results

Among the aerodynamic measures that were collected, mean expiratory airflow was significantly reduced after vocal training. Among the acoustic measures that were collected, mean fundamental frequency was significantly increased after vocal training. On average, Voice Handicap Index–10 scores were unchanged after vocal training.

Conclusion

The cohort of drama students undergoing vocal training demonstrated improvements in voice aerodynamics, which indicate enhanced glottal efficiency after training. The present study also found an increased average fundamental frequency among the actors during sustained voicing and no changes in jitter and shimmer despite frequent performance.
LMO2 activation by deacetylation is indispensable for hematopoiesis and T-ALL leukemogenesis
Authors: Morishima Tatsuya , Krahl Ann-Christin , Nasri Masoud , Xu Yun , Aghaallaei Narges , Findik Betül , Klimiankou Maksim , Ritter Malte , Hartmann Marcus D. , Gloeckner Christian Johannes , Stefanczyk Sylwia , Lindner Christian , Oswald Benedikt , Bernhard Regine , Hähnel Karin , Hermanutz-Klein Ursula , Ebinger Martin , Handgretinger Rupert , Casadei Nicolas , Welte Karl , Andre Maya , Müller Patrick , Bajoghli Baubak , Skokowa Julia
Published: August 2019

Key Points

LMO2 is deacetylated by the NAMPT/SIRT2 pathway. LMO2 deacetylation is essential for LIM domain binding 1 binding and TAL1 complex activation during hematopoiesis and T-ALL leukemogenesis.
Design and characterization of α1-antitrypsin variants for treatment of contact system–driven thromboinflammation
Authors: de Maat Steven , Sanrattana Wariya , Mailer Reiner K. , Parr Naomi M. J. , Hessing Martin , Koetsier Robert M. , Meijers Joost C. M. , Pasterkamp Gerard , Renné Thomas , Maas Coen
Published: August 2019

Targeting natural anticoagulant proteins as a means to rebalance the hemostatic system is an emerging trend in the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for hemophilia. These 2 articles develop these concepts in the areas of hemostasis and contact activation. In the study by Aymonnier and colleagues, simple amino acid substitutions converted a serpin elastase inhibitor, α1-antitrypsin (α1AT), into a potent antithrombin, activated protein C inhibitor, or anti-PKa/FXIIa inhibitor. In the study by de Maat and colleagues, redesign of α1AT strongly altered its inhibitory behavior and enables it to be used for the treatment of contact system–mediated thrombosis and inflammation.
Dmrt factors determine the positional information of cerebral cortical progenitors via differential suppression of homeobox genes
Authors: Konno Daijiro , Kishida Chiaki , Maehara Kazumitsu , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Okada Seiji , Matsuzaki Fumio
Published: August 2019

The spatiotemporal identity of neural progenitors and the regional control of neurogenesis are essential for the development of cerebral cortical architecture. Here, we report that mammalian DM domain factors (Dmrt) determine the identity of cerebral cortical progenitors. Among the Dmrt family genes expressed in the developing dorsal telencephalon, Dmrt3 and Dmrta2 show a medialhigh/laterallow expression gradient. Their simultaneous loss confers a ventral identity to dorsal progenitors, resulting in the ectopic expression of Gsx2 and massive production of GABAergic olfactory bulb interneurons in the dorsal telencephalon. Furthermore, double-mutant progenitors in the medial region exhibit upregulated Pax6 and more lateral characteristics. These ventral and lateral shifts in progenitor identity depend on Dmrt gene dosage. We also found that Dmrt factors bind to Gsx2 and Pax6 enhancers to suppress their expression. Our findings thus reveal that the graded expression of Dmrt factors provide positional information for progenitors by differentially repressing downstream genes in the developing cerebral cortex.
High-speed multifocal plane fluorescence microscopy for three-dimensional visualisation of beating flagella
Authors: Walker Benjamin J. , Wheeler Richard J.
Published: August 2019

Analysis of flagellum and cilium beating in three dimensions (3D) is important for understanding cell motility, and using fluorescence microscopy to do so would be extremely powerful. Here, high-speed multifocal plane fluorescence microscopy, where the light path is split to visualise multiple focal planes simultaneously, was used to reconstruct Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania mexicana movement in 3D. These species are uniflagellate unicellular parasites for which motility is vital. It was possible to use either a fluorescent stain or a genetically-encoded fluorescent protein to visualise flagellum and cell movement at 200 Hz frame rates. This addressed two open questions regarding Trypanosoma and Leishmania flagellum beating, which contributes to their swimming behaviours: 1) how planar is the L. mexicana flagellum beat, and 2) what is the nature of flagellum beating during T. brucei ‘tumbling’? We showed that L. mexicana has notable deviations from a planar flagellum beat, and that during tumbling the T. brucei flagellum bends the cell and beats only in the distal portion to achieve cell reorientation. This demonstrates high-speed multifocal plane fluorescence microscopy as a powerful tool for the analysis of beating flagella.
Meeting Report – The 2019 FEBS special meeting on sphingolipid biology: sphingolipids in physiology and pathology
Authors: D'Angelo Giovanni , Clarke Christopher J. , Silva Liana C.
Published: August 2019

Sphingolipids are a fundamental class of molecules that are involved in structural, organizational and signaling properties of eukaryotic membranes. Defects in their production or disposal lead to acquired and inherited human diseases. A growing community of scientists has embraced the challenge to dissect different aspects of sphingolipid biology using a variety of approaches, and a substantial part of this community met last May in the beautiful town of Cascais in Portugal. Over 200 scientists from 26 countries animated the conference, held in a 15th century citadel, sharing their data and opinions on the current understanding and future challenges in sphingolipid research. Here, we report some of their contributions to provide the readers with a bird’s-eye view of the themes discussed at the meeting.
Fine-tuning of seasonal timing of breeding is regulated downstream in the underlying neuro-endocrine system in a small songbird
Authors: Verhagen Irene , Laine Veronika N. , Mateman A. Christa , Pijl Agata , de Wit Ruben , van Lith Bart , Kamphuis Willem , Viitaniemi Heidi M. , Williams Tony D. , Caro Samuel P. , Meddle Simone L. , Gienapp Phillip , van Oers Kees , Visser Marcel E.
Published: August 2019

Timing of breeding is under selection in wild populations due to climate change, and understanding the underlying physiological processes mediating timing provides insight in the potential rate of adaptation. Current knowledge on this variation in physiology is, however, mostly limited to males. We assessed whether individual differences in timing of breeding in females are reflected in differences in candidate gene expression and if so, whether these differences occur in the upstream (hypothalamus), or downstream (ovary and liver) parts of the neuroendocrine system. We used 72 female great tits from two generations of lines artificially selected for early and late egg-laying, which were housed in climate controlled aviaries and went through two breeding cycles within one year. In the first breeding season we obtained individual egg-laying dates, while in the second breeding season, using the same individuals, we sampled several tissues at three time points based on timing of the first breeding attempt. For each tissue, mRNA expression levels were measured using qPCR for a set of candidate genes associated with timing of reproduction and subsequently analysed for differences between generations, time points and individual timing of breeding. We found differences in gene expression between generations in all tissues with most pronounced differences in the hypothalamus. Differences between time points, and early and late laying females, were found exclusively in ovary and liver. Altogether, we show that fine-tuning of seasonal timing of breeding, and thereby the opportunity for adaptation in the neuroendocrine system, is regulated mostly downstream in the neuro-endocrine system.
Augmenting biologging with supervised machine learning to study in situ behavior of the medusa Chrysaora fuscescens
Authors: Fannjiang Clara , Mooney T. Aran , Cones Seth , Mann David , Shorter K. Alex , Katija Kakani
Published: August 2019

Zooplankton occupy critical roles in marine ecosystems, yet their fine-scale behavior remains poorly understood due to the difficulty of studying individuals in situ. Here we combine biologging with supervised machine learning (ML) to demonstrate a pipeline for studying in situ behavior of larger zooplankton such as jellyfish. We deployed the ITAG, a biologging package with high-resolution motion sensors designed for soft-bodied invertebrates, on 8 Chrysaora fuscescens in Monterey Bay, using the tether method for retrieval. Using simultaneous video footage of the tagged jellyfish, we developed ML methods to 1) identify periods of tag data corrupted by the tether method, which may have compromised prior research findings, and 2) classify jellyfish behaviors. Our tools yield characterizations of fine-scale jellyfish activity and orientation over long durations, and provide evidence that developing behavioral classifiers on in situ rather than laboratory data is essential.
Insights into the evolution of metazoan regenerative mechanisms: TGF superfamily member roles in tissue regeneration of the marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis Nardo, 1847
Authors: Pozzolini Marina , Gallus Lorenzo , Ghignone Stefano , Ferrando Sara , Candiani Simona , Bozzo Matteo , Bertolino Marco , Costa Gabriele , Bavestrello Giorgio , Scarfì Sonia
Published: August 2019

Tissue repair is an adaptive and widespread metazoan response. It is characterised by different cellular mechanisms and complex signalling networks that involve numerous growth factors and cytokines. In higher animals, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling plays a fundamental role in wound healing. In order to evaluate the involvement of TGF superfamily members in lower invertebrate tissue regeneration, sequences for putative TGF ligands and receptors were isolated from the transcriptome of the marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis. We identified seven transcripts that coded for TGF superfamily ligands and three for TGF superfamily receptors. Phylogenetically, C. reniformis TGF ligands were not grouped into any TGF superfamily clades and thus presumably evolved independently, whereas the TGF receptors clustered in the Type I receptor group. We performed gene expression profiling of these transcripts in sponge regenerating tissue explants. Data showed that three ligands (TGF1, TGF3 and TGF6) were mainly expressed during early regeneration and seemed to be involved in stem cell maintenance, while other two (TGF4 and TGF5) were strongly upregulated during late regeneration and thus considered pro-differentiating factors. The presence of a strong TGF inhibitor, SB431542, blocked the restoration of the exopinacoderm layer in the sponge explants, confirming the functional involvement of the TGF-pathway in tissue regeneration also in these early evolved animals.
Protecting Competition in the American Economy: Merger Control, Tech Titans, Labor Markets
Authors: Shapiro Carl
Published: August 2019

Accumulating evidence points to the need for more vigorous antitrust enforcement in the United States in three areas. First, stricter merger control is warranted in an economy where large, highly efficient and profitable “superstar” firms account for an increasing share of economic activity. Evidence from merger retrospectives further supports the conclusion that stricter merger control is needed. Second, greater vigilance is needed to prevent dominant firms, including the tech titans, from engaging in exclusionary conduct. The systematic shrinking of the scope of the Sherman Act by the Supreme Court over the past 40 years may make this difficult. Third, greater antitrust scrutiny should be given to the monopsony power of employers in labor markets.
The Problem of Bigness: From Standard Oil to Google
Authors: Lamoreaux Naomi R.
Published: August 2019

This article sets recent expressions of alarm about the monopoly power of technology giants such as Google and Amazon in the long history of Americans’ response to big business. I argue that we cannot understand that history unless we realize that Americans have always been concerned about the political and economic dangers of bigness, not just the threat of high prices. The problem policymakers faced after the rise of Standard Oil was how to protect society against those dangers without punishing firms that grew large because they were innovative. The antitrust regime put in place in the early twentieth century managed this balancing act by focusing on large firms’ conduct toward competitors and banning practices that were anticompetitive or exclusionary. Maintaining this balance was difficult, however, and it gave way over time—first to a preoccupation with market power during the post–World War II period, and then to a fixation on consumer welfare in the late twentieth century. Refocusing policy on large firms’ conduct would do much to address current fears about bigness without penalizing firms whose market power comes from innovation.
Harnessing the Wisdom of Crowds
Authors: Da Zhi , Huang Xing
Published: August 2019

When will a large group provide an accurate answer to a question involving quantity estimation? We empirically examine this question on a crowd-based corporate earnings forecast platform (Estimize.com). By tracking user activities, we monitor the amount of public information a user views before making an earnings forecast. We find that the more public information users view, the less weight they put on their own private information. Although this improves the accuracy of individual forecasts, it reduces the accuracy of the group consensus forecast because useful private information is prevented from entering the consensus. To address endogeneity concerns related to a user’s information acquisition choice, we collaborate with Estimize.com to run experiments that restrict the information available to randomly selected stocks and users. The experiments confirm that “independent” forecasts result in a more accurate consensus. Estimize.com was convinced to switch to a “blind” platform from November 2015 on. The findings suggest that the wisdom of crowds can be better harnessed by encouraging independent voices from among group members and that more public information disclosure may not always improve group decision making.

This paper was accepted by Renee Adams, finance.
Auditors’ Liability to Lenders and Auditor Conservatism
Authors: Liao Pei-Cheng , Radhakrishnan Suresh
Published: August 2019

We examine the near-privity rule that increases the auditor’s legal liability exposure by considering a debtholder who can sue the auditor and recover damages when there is an audit failure. We show that the increase in the auditor’s legal liability induces the auditor to choose more informative and more conservative efforts. Although the increased informative effort has a favorable spillover effect that increases the equityholder’s expected payoff, the increased conservative effort induces a bias—that is, decreases the likelihood of reporting a true good state as good—and thus induces an adverse spillover effect that decreases the equityholder’s expected payoff. As such, when the conservative effort bias is small, the favorable spillover effect dominates the adverse spillover effect, and the equityholder prefers the near-privity regime.

This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.
Preserving Bidder Privacy in Assignment Auctions: Design and Measurement
Authors: Liu De , Bagh Adib
Published: August 2019

Motivated by bidders’ interests in concealing their private information in auctions, we propose an ascending clock auction for unit-demand assignment problems that economizes on bidder information revelation, together with a new general-purpose measure of information revelation. Our auction uses an iterative partial reporting design such that for a given set of prices, not all bidders are required to report their demands, and when they are, they reveal a single preferred item at a time instead of all. Our design can better preserve bidder privacy while maintaining several good properties: sincere bidding is an ex post Nash equilibrium, ending prices are path independent, and efficiency is achieved if the auction starts with the auctioneer’s reservation values. Our measurement of information revelation is based on Shannon’s entropy and can be used to compare a wide variety of auction and nonauction mechanisms. We propose a hybrid quasi–Monte Carlo procedure for computing this measure. Our numerical simulations show that our auction consistently outperforms a full-reporting benchmark with up to 18% less entropy reduction and scales to problems of over 100,000 variables.

This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
The Launch of Manufacturing & Service Operations Management: A Long and Difficult Gestation, but a Significant Birth
Authors: Schwarz Leroy B.
Published: August 2019

I was honored when Chris Tang requested my recollections about the launch of Manufacturing & Service Operations Management (M&SOM) 20+ years ago. Yet I have scant memories of those seven years, although I remember the challenging ones very well. Also, I have no records. So, many thanks to Steve Graves, whose memory and record-keeping are better than mine. Special thanks to Mathew Walls, publications director of INFORMS, who provided copies of INFORMS documents. I quote some below. Regardless, I take full responsibility regarding the “truth” of what follows. In other words, it’s my story, and I'm stickin’ to it.
Enteral feeding young people with anorexia nervosa under restraint in inpatient settings
Authors: Fuller Sarah , Street Oliver , Hudson Lee , Nicholls Dasha
Published: August 2019

Background

Children and adolescents who require inpatient admission for the treatment of anorexia nervosa often require medical stabilisation – administration of adequate nutrition – which can be lifesaving. In the majority of cases, this can be achieved through oral intake. However, in extreme cases, when a patient refuses to eat and/or drink, nasogastric tube feeding may be required. If there is resistance to this, subject to the appropriate legal framework to ensure valid consent, staff can apply physical interventions (restraint) to ensure the patient and staff's safety during this process.

Methods

A survey of 134 (99%) of child and adolescent mental health units and eating disorder units was undertaken in the United Kingdom and Ireland to identify current practice and makes recommendations for future guidelines to standardise practice.

Results

A total of 58 units (43.3%) reported that they were able to facilitate nasogastric tube feeding. Of these, 46 units (79%; 34% of total) reported that they could facilitate this with physical interventions; however, two units had no experience of this.

Conclusions

Many, but not all, units apply the ‘least restrictive practice’ principle and reduce the number of feeds a day while increasing the volume up to 1000 ml and deliver these feeds quickly via syringe bolus and not enteral pump.
HMOs and the infant microbiota
Authors: Bonner John
Published: August 2019

An error meant that an early, incomplete draft of this article was printed in a previous issue of British Journal of Midwifery. The final version has therefore been published here
Creating a dedicated home birth team in Tower Hamlets: a review of outcomes from the first year
Authors: Foley Caitlin , Callaghan Faye , Olusile Mary
Published: August 2019

Background

A dedicated home birth team was established at a large teaching hospital in a deprived inner London borough.

Aim

To increase the home birth rate in Tower Hamlets and offer continuity of carer to women opting for home birth.

Methods

Data were collected on all 90 women receiving care by the team. Data, including demographics, care episodes and maternal and neonatal outcomes, were recorded and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2010.

Findings

With a dedicated home birth team, the home birth rate in Tower Hamlets increased by 68% compared to the previous year, while still remaining a small proportion of all births in the borough. The overall transfer rate was 32.6%, in line with national figures. Outcomes for both mothers and babies were very good, with 89% of women who started their labour at home achieving a normal vaginal birth. Feedback was exceptionally positive, with 100% of women who provided feedback recommending the service. The women being referred and choosing homebirth were not demographically representative of the population of the borough.

Conclusions

The provision of a dedicated homebirth team in Tower Hamlets has been a positive addition to the area's existing maternity services. More needs to be done to improve the visibility of the team in order to secure more referrals and increase the homebirth rate, especially among the Bengali and other ethnic minority populations, to enable equitable access to homebirth.
Methods of the automated aircraft configuration
Authors: KUPRIKOV Mikhail Yu. , MARKIN Leonid V.
Published: August 2019

Aircraft are great and comprehensive technical systems, which are characterised by the great configuration density. This article presents formation of the geometrical conceptual design of the aircraft on the basis of the formal heuristic procedures within the framework of the infrastructural constraints. In addition, this article includes description of influence of the aerodynamic configuration and the volume-weight configuration upon formation of the geometrical conceptual design of the aircraft, as well as description of other mass/inertia characteristics of the aggregates, which are to be installed within the specific aircraft. This article also states that in the case of the "very strict" infrastructural constraints, it is necessary to solve "the inverse" problem of configuration, that is the problem, where initial data for formation of the geometrical conceptual design of the aircraft are determined by the necessary configuration space, which is determined by the infrastructural constraints. The article presents the project problem (in aggregate) of finding rational values for parameters of the geometrical conceptual design of the aircraft as the problem of the multiple criteria discrete optimisation. This article states that it is possible to formulate this problem as the search of the vector of structural parameters (that is, search of the multitude of the admissible alternatives of the drawing and designing solutions).
Infrastructure climate requirements imposed to design of transport airplane for arctic exploration
Authors: KUPRIKOV Mikhail Yu. , RABINSKIY Lev N. , KUPRIKOV Nikita M.
Published: August 2019

The Arctic has been considered as a strategic region, which has economically and geopolitically a key position as the object of growing international competition. The dynamics of ice melting creates new conditions for functioning in the Arctic, and, consequently, ensuring the defense of Russia from the direction of the North Pole. Its active infrastructural development is justified not only by the rich natural resources, but also by the additional strategic logistics opportunities that open up for the Russian economy. The development of a complex of Arctic standards is a necessary step in the implementation of successful activities in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. A structural-parametric analysis of the treaties on the Arctic and Antarctic has been done. We are talking about the algorithm for introducing ideas about “polar execution” into different areas of research activity and about its regulatory and legal support in the implementation of projects in the polar regions. In the XXI century.
Quasi-static stability of a ribbed shell interacting with moving load
Authors: ANTUFEV Boris A. , EGOROVA Olga V. , RABINSKIY Lev N.
Published: August 2019

Loss of stability of thin-walled structural elements of aircraft is the most common type of destruction. In this work, the definition of the critical velocity of a pressure wave moving over the surface of an acclivous, ribbed cylindrical shell, which is the most common design element of all aviation and rocket systems, is considered. The article takes into account the discreteness of the location of stiffeners (stringers), in contrast to other works, where ribbing is taken into account only within the framework of a constructive orthotropic model. In the quasi-static formulation, the problem of the stability of a shallow shell with a discrete arrangement of stringers under the action of a moving radial load has been solved. The range of critical speeds of movement of the load is defined. An example is considered.
Synthesis of structure of the onboard passive redundant subsystem with due consideration of the established tolerances
Authors: GRISHIN Vyacheslav M.
Published: August 2019

The goal of this article is to select optimal parameters of various structures of the passive redundant subsystems of flying vehicles (hereinafter to be referred to as the “the aircraft”) with due consideration of the established tolerances in respect of decrease in output parameters of these subsystems in the cases of failure of the aircraft components (in accordance with the required failure-free operation). It was demonstrated that synthesis of such structure is based on the solving the two-objective optimisation problem, which can be reduced to the one-criterion problem with the help of various methods. Authors of this article have selected the linear convolution method. Due to the absence of information on quantitative values of the prescribed tolerances and on the required failure-free operation of actual subsystems, authors have performed calculations of relevant dependences within the wide range of the realisable tolerances of the first and second levels. Authors have investigated influence of values of the required failure-free operation and values of tolerances upon the optimal structure of the passive redundancy subsystems of the aircraft.
Actitudes hacia la violencia y creencias culturales en adolescentes involucrados en violencia escolar
Authors: Orozco Vargas Arturo Enrique , Mercado Monjardín María del Rocío
Published: August 2019

Estudios a nivel internacional han confirmado que algunos de los principales predictores relacionados con la violencia escolar son las actitudes hacia ella y las creencias culturales. Desafortunadamente, en México no hay estudios multivariantes que hayan incluido el análisis de estas variables. Ante esta ausencia en la literatura científica, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue examinar el impacto de las actitudes hacia la violencia, la desvinculación moral, las creencias culturales y la aprobación de la violencia como predictores de la violencia escolar y la experiencia de victimización, así como analizar las posibles diferencias que presentan los estudiantes agresores, víctimas y observadores de la violencia escolar con respecto a las variables de estudio. Para lograr tal fin, en el presente estudio participaron un total de 195 adolescentes (92 hombres y 103 mujeres) que estudiaban en tres preparatorias públicas localizadas en el Estado de México. Los resultados mostraron que los agresores reportaron índices más altos en lo que respecta a la percepción de la violencia como legítima, el nivel de desvinculación moral, el individualismo vertical y las actitudes hacia la violencia como forma de diversión, en comparación con las víctimas y los alumnos observadores. A su vez, la desvinculación moral y las actitudes hacia la violencia fueron los predictores más importantes de la violencia escolar y la experiencia de victimización.
Los modelos bifactor vs. los modelos factoriales mixtos en la estructura factorial del TDAH
Authors: Frutos de Miguel Jonatan
Published: August 2019

En la última década, el modelo bifactor del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) ha sido ampliamente investigado. Este modelo consiste en una dimensión general del TDAH y dos factores específicos (inatención e hiperactividad/impulsividad). Por otro lado, los Modelos Factoriales Mixtos (FMM) se han empezado a implementar también en el estudio de la estructura del TDAH debido a la posibilidad de combinar variables categóricas y continuas que faciliten el estudio de la realidad latente del trastorno. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir y analizar de forma crítica aquellas investigaciones publicadas en los últimos diez años (de 2008 a 2018) que se basaron en modelos bifactor y en modelos factoriales mixtos (FMM) para el análisis de la estructura del TDAH, dado que, hasta el momento, no hay ninguna evidencia consistente sobre un modelo óptimo del trastorno en niños y adolescentes. Para ello, se presentó una revisión exhaustiva basada en una búsqueda bibliográfica, donde se analizaron las publicaciones de revistas científicas referidas al objetivo del trabajo. Los estudios concluyen que el bifactor es superior al modelo tradicional de dos factores correlacionados, de acuerdo con el ajuste obtenido mediante el análisis factorial, mientras que el modelo factorial mixto del TDAH de dos factores y dos clases ha mostrado un mejor ajuste que la mayoría de los modelos bifactor.
The Relationship between Group Class Integration, Socio-emotional Abilities and Disruptive Behaviours Peer Group Integration Factors
Authors: Esturgó-Deu M. Estrella , Sala Roca Josefina
Published: August 2019

Introduction: School is a socializing environment where a substantial part of children’s socio-emotional development takes place. For many children, their school years are imbued with experiences of rejection by their peers and feelings that the teacher also berates them constantly. But the role that social-emotional skills and disruptive behaviours play in these experiences is not clear. Methodology: This study analyses the relationship between integration in the class group, social-emotional skills and disruptive behaviours in a sample of 149 pupils between the ages of 10 and 12 years, using an EQI test, sociometric test, and a teacher questionnaire. Data analysis has been done using statistic descriptive and inferential tests. Results: The results show that socio-empathy and self-assessment are the best predictors for reciprocity in peer group relationships. Emotional intelligence and disruptive behaviours have a mild effect on peer acceptance and rejection. But there are differences in the rejection factors depending on sex. The most rejected boys are the ones who have poorer emotional intelligence and who overvalue selection by their peers. The most rejected girls are the ones who are less open to the group and make fewer selections. These girls also seem to exhibit lower adaptability than girls more open to the group. Conclusions: In peer acceptance there are multiple factors involved that have synergic effects, creating a loop that could magnify the differences in children’s social abilities and in the construction of their peer social network throughout their development.
Adapting the studio model for the Australian popular music education context
Authors: Strong Catherine , Brunt Shelley , Cannizzo Fabian , Montano Ed , Rogers Ian , Shill Gene
Published: August 2019

Australian university graduates of music industry degrees are often faced with challenges stemming from both Australia’s peripheral position in global music economies and the predominance of precarious work environments. This article presents an evaluation of a ‘studio model’ of education adopted by the Bachelor of Arts (Music Industry) degree at RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia. The studio model approach aims to better prepare graduates for careers in the contemporary music industry via hands-on and tacit learning experiences that ready them for ‘portfolio careers’. The case study evaluated here involved students working with an industry partner to deliver an on-campus music festival called Copresents in 2017. Student feedback indicated overall satisfaction with the studio, and that they were able to develop certain skills that would be valuable to them in a portfolio career, such as improved communication competencies and a better understanding of possible careers in the industry. We also demonstrate that students recognized ways in which the experience was curtailed by institutional and industrial requirements that ran counter to the ideals of studio learning. We note that the effectiveness of the model is limited in some ways by its placement at the intersection of the institutional needs of the university and the requirements of industry, neither of which are entirely in alignment with student needs.