bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confronting terrestrial biosphere models with forest inventory data
Authors: Lichstein Jeremy W. , Golaz Ni-Zhang , Malyshev Sergey , Shevliakova Elena , Zhang Tao , Sheffield Justin , Birdsey Richard A. , Sarmiento Jorge L. , Pacala Stephen W.
Published: October 2013

Efforts to test and improve terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) using a variety of data sources have become increasingly common. Yet, geographically extensive forest inventories have been under‐exploited in previous model–data fusion efforts. Inventory observations of forest growth, mortality, and biomass integrate processes across a range of timescales, including slow timescale processes such as species turnover, that are likely to have important effects on ecosystem responses to environmental variation. However, the large number (thousands) of inventory plots precludes detailed measurements at each location, so that uncertainty in climate, soil properties, and other environmental drivers may be large. Errors in driver variables, if ignored, introduce bias into model–data fusion. We estimated errors in climate and soil drivers at U.S. Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots, and we explored the effects of these errors on model–data fusion with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory LM3V dynamic global vegetation model. When driver errors were ignored or assumed small at FIA plots, responses of biomass production in LM3V to precipitation and soil available water capacity appeared steeper than the corresponding responses estimated from FIA data. These differences became nonsignificant if driver errors at FIA plots were assumed to be large. Ignoring driver errors when optimizing LM3V parameter values yielded estimates for fine‐root allocation that were larger than biometric estimates, which is consistent with the expected direction of bias. To explore whether complications posed by driver errors could be circumvented by relying on intensive study sites where driver errors are small, we performed a power analysis. To accurately quantify the response of biomass production to spatial variation in mean annual precipitation within the eastern United States would require at least 40 intensive study sites, which is larger than the number of sites typically available for individual biomes in existing plot networks. Driver errors may be accommodated by several existing model–data fusion approaches, including hierarchical Bayesian methods and ensemble filtering methods; however, these methods are computationally expensive. We propose a new approach, in which the TBM functional response is fit directly to the driver‐error‐corrected functional response estimated from data, rather than to the raw observations.
Exploring water leadership
Authors: Lincklaen Arriëns Wouter T. , Wehn de Montalvo Uta
Published: October 2013

In the slipstream of the Rio + 20 Earth Summit in 2012 which articulated ‘The future we want’, on 29–31 May 2013, at the 5th Delft Symposium on Water Sector Capacity Development, UNESCO-IHE convened development practitioners, researchers, sector specialists, policy makers and capacity development specialists to examine who will take the lead in developing capacity ‘from Rio to reality’. This paper maps some of the major challenges and choices to increase water security in the 21st century, outlines trends and relevant models in leadership development, and explores how leadership can be nurtured and catalyzed through capacity development for individuals, organizations and networked communities to deliver on our shared visions, especially in developing countries. Leadership practice, by individuals and organizations, is examined in a range of short cases studies. The authors propose the adoption of modern approaches that will expand individual and collective leadership at all levels and combine cognitive competencies, including in-depth knowledge of integrated water resources management (IWRM), with transformational individual development.
Developing T-shaped water professionals: reflections on a framework for building capacity for innovation through collaboration, learning and leadership
Authors: McIntosh Brian S. , Taylor André
Published: October 2013

In developed and development contexts, change is an increasingly central theme for water professionals. Growing populations, rapid urbanization and increasing demands for water, food and energy, are set against a backdrop of changing rainfall patterns and emerging trade-offs between the water required for water supply, energy provision, food production, livelihoods and ecological support. Building the capacity of water professionals to lead the changes in policy, planning, management and communities required to tackle these issues systemically is an essential component of our collective response to global water challenges. This paper provides a contribution to the fields of water leadership and capacity development by outlining, then critically discussing how a concept, the T-shaped professional, is being used as a framework to guide the design and delivery of postgraduate education programs to build leadership capacity in the water sector. The T-shaped concept integrates insights from leadership, learning theory, collaboration, critical thinking and praxis. In doing so, the concept and the way in which it has been applied in the context of postgraduate education provide an intellectually coherent and practical approach to developing the skills and knowledge required by water professionals to stimulate and lead change.
Key success factors for capacity development in the Brantas River Basin organisations in Indonesia
Authors: Subijanto Tjoek Walujo , Ruritan Harianto, Raymond Valiant , Hidayat Fahmi
Published: October 2013

The Brantas River Basin has been developed under a stage-wise approach, with an evolving institutional set-up that has paved the path for the continuous development of water resources potentials within the basin. Following the maxim of ‘One river, One plan, One management’, the basin has profited from consistent steps of development, initially under the Brantas Project, into a service-based river basin organisation, namely Jasa Tirta I Public Corporation (PJT-I), established in 1990 and based on the principle of cost recovery. Capacity development in the basin is driven by challenges and has been reformulated several times to meet these challenges. During the development stage, the Brantas Project not only built the dam and other infrastructures, but also helped to establish the designer, planners and technicians for dam development in Indonesia. Nowadays, the sustainability of PJT-I depends on the trust of the Government and the satisfaction of the users who receive the services rendered. Key success factors of capacity development are strong leadership, incentive schemes and, most importantly, the spirit of innovation, the willingness to learn and the eagerness to take on new challenges.
Knowledge leads, policy follows? Two speeds of collaboration in river basin management
Authors: Pfeiffer Ellen , Leentvaar Jan
Published: October 2013

The 21st century began as a period of increasing water scarcity, conflicts over shared water resources and major flood disasters. This context keeps the establishment of effective basin management on the top of the global water agenda. Capacity development in the field is often modelled on the experience of existing river commissions, such as the International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR), widely perceived as a reference for successful trust and knowledge-based collaboration. The relevance of knowledge in transboundary river basin management is uncontested, but its concrete function remains unclear. This pilot study investigates the influence of knowledge collaboration in internal working groups on ICPR development during the implementation of its milestone Rhine Action Programme, testing a phenomenological approach based on actor accounts. The results suggest that active stimulation of knowledge-based collaboration can lead to substantial influence on policy processes, but that the direction of such influence is ambiguous. Internal dynamics of the ICPR are likely to have assumed patterns of scale-dependent, cross-level interplay at the time. This has significant implications for capacity development, since such dynamics can both support and obstruct the development of effective resource management.
Monitoring outcomes and impacts of capacity development in the water sector: a Cap-Net UNDP experience
Authors: Gunawardana Indika , Leendertse Kees , Handoko Wibisono
Published: October 2013

Cap-Net UNDP is an international capacity development network for integrated water resources management (IWRM). Cap-Net's approach of working through regional and country networks is an effective method of drawing together various experts from different disciplines, fostering local ownership for capacity development and scaling-up implementation of IWRM. This paper discusses the lessons drawn from outcome monitoring of Cap-Net capacity development courses for 2 consecutive years 2010–12. Cap-Net follows the Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning Plan that it developed and this helps Cap-Net to learn about progress towards its objectives. It also allows for corrective measures to the on-going process in capacity development program delivery. Lessons from the outcome monitoring exercises provided guidance for revision of monitoring approaches in order to capture the outcomes and impacts and to contribute to the overall goal of Cap-Net. It was realized that interest and involvement of partner networks, continuous follow-up of the courses and standardized processes are important for successful monitoring.
The Impact of Closed-mindedness on the Assessment of Threat: An Empirical Study
Authors: Wastell Colin A , Weeks Nicole , Wearing Alexander , Duncan Piers , Ebrahimi Wajma
Published: October 2013

In the past decade official reports into intelligence failures have asserted that analysts are subject to the effects
of everyday cognitive limitations. The present study examined the influence of an individual's inclination toward closedmindedness
on a computer administered simulated intelligence analysis task. Results indicate that several components of
closed-mindedness as measured by the need for cognitive closure scale [NFC] significantly predicted the assessed level of
threat posed to and general attitude toward a visiting government delegation by a foreign nation's population. Most significantly
higher scores on the NFC subscale ‘need for predictability’ were associated with higher scores on the initial assessed
threat level. This effect remained after controlling for the amount of information accessed. The implications of
these findings for the conduct of intelligence analysis are discussed.
Interest of Czech Population in Water Management
Authors: Kniezková Tereza
Published: October 2013

This paper describes the process and results of a questionnaire survey. The research objective was to determine whether the Czech population has interest in water management. The subject to the creation of the survey was the fact that one of the main objectives of water policy of the European Union, on which water policy of the Czech Republic is based, is the need to increase public awareness of water issues and their involvement in the decision making process. The partial objective was to determine whether there is a difference in interest between those living in the countryside and those living in the city. In this paper a method of quantitative data collection - a questionnaire survey was used. The results show that people have interest in water management. There are no differences between the views of people who live in rural areas and those who live in the city. Great interest is in water supply and related development of water supply and sewerage systems.
Leader Policy Practices and Landscapes in the Light of the Agency-Structure Debate: Evidence from Leader Local Action Groups in Italy and in Finland
Authors: Rizzo Fulvio
Published: October 2013

This article investigates LEADER policy practices and landscapes within very different regions of the European Union: North Karelia, Finland, and South Tyrol, Italy. The qualitative analysis of this geo-institutional comparison is carried out in the light of the agency-structure debate. Such theoretical framework contributes to investigate policies on the basis of their causal/contextual conjunctures; at the same time, it cautions from the contemporary common approach to identify ‘best’ policy practices. In the Joensuun Seudun LEADER Local Action Group, policy processes of social engagement are encompassed by the dominating structures of ‘village’, and ‘subpolitics’. In the Local Action Group Wipptal instead, the data suggest that the dominating structural dimensions are ‘politics’ and ‘agriculture’. Against the background of a re-territorialized rural development, policy implementation is a unique geographical process, which cannot be left aside neither from its contextual conjunctures, nor from a broad theoretical framework.
Data Mining Approach to Image Feature Extraction in Old Painting Restoration
Authors: Gancarczyk Joanna , Sobczyk Joanna
Published: October 2013

In this paper a new approach to image segmentation was discussed. A model based on a data mining algorithm set on a pixel level of an image was introduced and implemented to solve the task of identification of craquelure and retouch traces in digital images of artworks. Both craquelure and retouch identification are important steps in art restoration process. Since the main goal is to classify and understand the cause of damage, as well as to forecast its further enlargement, a proper tool for a precise detection of the damaged area is needed. However, the complex nature of the pattern is a reason why a simple, universal detection algorithm is not always possible to be implemented. Algorithms presented in this work apply mining structures which depend of expandable set of attributes forming a feature vector, and thus offer an elastic structure for analysis. The result obtained by our method in craquelure segmentation was improved comparing to the results achieved by mathematical morphology methods, which was confirmed by a qualitative analysis.
The General Survey System Initiative at RTI International: An Integrated System for the Collection and Management of Survey Data
Authors: Thalji Lisa , Hill Craig A. , Mitchell Susan , Suresh R. , Speizer Howard , Pratt Daniel
Published: October 2013

There is a risk of introducing survey error at every stage of any study involving a survey: design, data collection, processing, and analysis. Effectively managing the survey sample from the time of sample selection through the survey lifecycle is essential to producing highquality data on schedule and within budget. Managing the survey lifecycle using software systems that are not fully integrated can result in error and cost inefficiencies. The development of an integrated data collection and management system that supports monitoring of survey error has the potential to reduce errors and improve operational efficiencies. This system, referred to as Nirvana, uses a standardized database, protocol, and terminology. It integrates case status and history information across modes of data collection and tracing as well as sample and contact information. Nirvana also centralizes questionnaire development, quality monitoring, and support for real-time survey management decisions.
Redesign of Statistics Production within an Architectural Framework: The Dutch Experience
Authors: Struijs Peter , Camstra Astrea , Renssen Robbert , Braaksma Barteld
Published: October 2013

In response to a changing environment, Statistics Netherlands has embarked on a large-scale redesign of the way statistics are produced. The aim is to increase the capability to respond to changing information demand, to lower the response burden for surveys, especially for businesses, and to improve efficiency, while preserving the overall quality level. The redesign is carried out within the framework of a so-called enterprise architecture, which gives overall guidance when structuring the processes of the organisation, including statistical methods and IT tools used. The article describes the redesign approach and explains the main features of the architecture. The emphasis is on experiences that may be relevant to other national statistical institutes operating in a similar environment.
Discussion
Authors: Kreuter Frauke
Published: October 2013

This special issue on “Systems and Architectures for High-Quality Statistics Production” is a stimulating resource for statistical agencies and private sector data collectors in a challenging time characterized by massive amounts of data, from a variety of sources, available in varying intervals, and with varying quality.

Traditionally, statistical products were created from a single source, most often through surveys or administrative data. However, neither surveys nor administrative data alone can match the data needs of today’s society. In addition, the need to reduce the costs of data production necessitates that multiple sources are used in combination. The need to reduce costs also necessitates the streamlining of production cycles, and the increasing difficulties in data collection itself require such systems to be much more flexible than they have been in the past. Increasingly, these reasons are driving statistical agencies and private data collectors to redesign their entire data production cycle. The examples in this special issue from Statistics Netherlands and Statistics New Zealand demonstrate such developments in government agencies; the example from RTI reflects efforts visible among private sector data collectors. This commentary will highlight some issues of general interest related to organizational challenges, and some that create the basis for reproducible research and are therefore of general interest to the research community.
The Impact of ERP on Maintenance Management
Authors: Kłos Sławomir , Patalas-Maliszewska Justyna
Published: October 2013

This paper presents a methodology for implementation of an ERP system in the area of production maintenance. The methodology is based on integration of monitoring maintenance events, manufacturing data registration and an employee motivation system.. The maintenance processes discussed in the paper encompass activities in the area of disaster recovery, overhauls, changeovers and special equipment production. This methodology requires implementation of an effective system of data registration and the design of a motivation system for maintenance staff based on the registered data. The models of the maintenance processes are proposed and the illustrative examples are given
Study on Resource Allocations for Sustainable Competitive Advantage
Authors: Takala Josu , Shylina Daryna , Forss Teppo , Malmi Johannes
Published: October 2013

Today’s concern and problem for most of the companies is the way of surviving and prospering in current and future periods of time in the marketplace. Sustainable competitive ability can be one of the ways of adaptation to the global business and rapid environment requirements. Operational competitiveness is not easy to be sustainably improved because of unpredictable environment situations, such as continuous increasing customer needs, global competitive environment, rapid and unpredictable changes in government policy, company crisis during significant changes etc. However, it is possible to make adaptive adjustments on operations strategy level in dynamic business environment and to become competitive enough compared to the competitors. The purpose of this paper is to define and assess sustainable competitive advantage and the direction of development in housing business. It can be analysed by two core factors, i.e. Sense and Respond (S&R) methodology, Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) as well as Sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) method. This study also focuses on applying S&R method in order to optimize operational competitiveness as well as defining the competitive priorities of the case company. The analysis results show the critical areas in different departments of the case company, which can help the managers to make quick decisions. In addition, they reveal that during the crisis the resource allocation is continuously changing and therefore the operation strategy of the case company is not well defined as well as competitive advantages are not enough sustainable
Individual radiosensitivity in a breast cancer collective is changed with the patients’ age
Authors: Auer Judith , Keller Ulrike , Schmidt Manfred , Ott Oliver , Fietkau Rainer , Distel Luitpold V.
Published: October 2013

Background. Individual radiosensitivity has a crucial impact on radiotherapy related side effects. Our aim was to study a breast cancer collective for its variation of individual radiosensitivity depending on the patients’ age.

Materials and methods. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 129 individuals. Individual radiosensitivity in 67 breast cancer patients and 62 healthy individuals was estimated by 3-color fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Results. Breast cancer patients were distinctly more radiosensitive compared to healthy controls. A subgroup of 9 rather radiosensitive and 9 rather radio-resistant patients was identified. A subgroup of patients aged between 40 and 50 was distinctly more radiosensitive than younger or older patients.

Conclusions. In the breast cancer collective a distinct resistant and sensitive subgroup is identified, which could be subject for treatment adjustment. Preliminary results indicate that especially in the range of age 40 to 50 patients with an increased radiosensitivity are more frequent and may have an increased risk to suffer from therapy related side effects.
Ants as Ecosystem Engineers in Natural Restoration of Human Made Habitats
Authors: Kovář Pavel , Vojtíšek Pavel , Zentsová Irena
Published: October 2013

Three to four dominant seed-transporting ant species of different size categories (Tetramorium caespitum, Lasius niger, Formica rufibarbis/Formica pratensis) on the plateau of abandoned ore sedimentation basin (tailings containment) were studied as pioneer and subsequent colonisers of this industrial waste deposit, from the viewpoint of their functioning in plant seed dispersal. We examined the role of ants in primary vegetation succession. Experiments of seed removal by ants with plant species found within close proximity of tailings were related to the succession. Ant activity generates a considerable shift in the quality of the colonised surface, as they collectively act as ecosystem engineers
Investigating the link between the presence of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and infectious intestinal disease in the United Kingdom, 1993 to 1996 and 2008 to 2009
Authors: Chattaway M A , Harris R , Jenkins C , Tam C , Coia J E , Gray J , Iturriza-Gomara M , Wain J
Published: October 2013

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Insidious reintroduction of wild poliovirus into Israel, 2013
Authors: Anis E , Kopel E , Singer S R , Kaliner E , Moerman L , Moran-Gilad J , Sofer D , Manor Y , Shulman L M , Mendelson E , Gdalevich M , Lev B , Gamzu R , Grotto I
Published: October 2013

Israel was certified as polio-free country in June 2002, along with the rest of the World Health Organization European Region. Some 11 years later, wild-type polio virus 1 (WPV1) was isolated initially from routine sewage samples collected between 7 and 13 April 2013 in two cities in the Southern district. WPV1-specific analysis of samples indicated WPV1 introduction into that area in early February 2013. National supplementary immunisation with oral polio vaccine has been ongoing since August 2013.
Unusual increase in reported cases of Paratyphoid A fever among travellers returning from Cambodia, January to September 2013
Authors: Tourdjman M , Le Hello S , Gossner C , Delmas G , Tubiana S , Fabre L , Kerléguer A , Tarantola A , Fruth A , Friesema I , Thorstensen Brandal L , Lawrence J , Fisher I , Dufour M , Weill F  X , de Valk H
Published: October 2013

From January to September 2013, a marked increase in notifications of Salmonella Paratyphi A infections among travellers returning from Cambodia occurred in France. An investigation revealed 35 cases without a common source: 21 in France, five in Germany, three in the Netherlands, one in Norway, one in the United Kingdom, four in New-Zealand. Data suggest an ongoing event that should trigger further investigation. Travellers to Cambodia should observe preventive measures including good personal hygiene and food handling practices.
“A Life of Continu’d Variety”: Crime, Readers, and the Structure of Defoe’s Moll Flanders
Authors: Loveman Kate
Published: October 2013

As a contribution to debates on the structure of Daniel Defoe’s novels, this article argues that the design and much of the content of Moll Flanders can be better understood through identifying common eighteenth-century reading habits and the ways in which authors sought to cater to them. A significant factor in shaping works was the conviction of authors and publishers that their readers wanted “variety” in prose fiction. Efforts to ensure the provision of variety for readers helped shape Moll Flanders, notably the treatment of Moll’s crimes and the long deferral of her descent into the criminal underworld. This principle of providing variety also meant that certain episodes could unproblematically invite greater attention than the plot strictly required in order to engage a more diverse audience by catering to sociable reading practices and the love of gossip. Considering Moll Flanders in this way invites revision of current critical ideas about what constituted a well-designed prose narrative for readers of the early eighteenth century.
Solution to a 300-year-old zoological mystery: the case of Thomas Bartholin's merman
Authors: Senter Phil , Snow Vernetta B.
Published: October 2013

In 1654 Dutch anatomist Thomas Bartholin published an illustration of a skeletal forelimb and a rib from an animal that had been caught off the coast of Brazil. Bartholin identified the specimen as a merman. Subsequent authors have hypothesized that it was a human with sirenomelia (fused legs). However, it is now acknowledged that mer-people are mythical and the drawing of the specimen does not match expected morphology for a human with sirenomelia. Until now, therefore, the correct identity of the specimen has remained unknown. Bartholin gave details on the specimen's size and added that before it was skeletonized the fingers were joined by a common membrane. We therefore compared Bartholin's illustration with the forelimb skeletons of west Atlantic marine animals of appropriate size in which the fingers are embedded in a flipper. The morphology of the specimen matches that of a manatee (Trichechus sp.) and is significantly different from that of the Caribbean monk seal (Monachus tropicalis) and from those of whales (Cetacea). The specimen was therefore a manatee, and a three-century-old zoological mystery is solved.
‘Doing it for the kids’? The Discursive Construction of the Teenager and Teenage Sexuality inSkins
Authors: Berridge Susan
Published: October 2013

The teen series is often regarded by television scholars as an inherently American genre. Indeed, the genre is marked by US constructs, such as the cheerleader, jock, homecoming dance and prom and, in turn, teen television scholarship has focused almost exclusively on US texts. However, more recent years have seen the emergence of British teen drama series, most notably Skins (E4, 2007–), which has been so successful that it has spawned an (albeit short-lived) US version which aired on MTV. In an attempt to redress the dearth of academic study of British teen dramas, this article explores Skins in more detail. Journalistic discourse on the programme has frequently emphasised the series’ nihilism in contrast to the didacticism that characterises its US generic counterparts, which the series’ creators justify by claims for its authenticity. This article moves beyond the authentic/inauthentic debate to explore instead the discursive construction of the teenager and teenage sexuality in the specific context of broadcasting in the UK. Thus, after situating Skins in relation to the history of youth programming in Britain and, specifically, on Channel 4, the article will explore issue-led storylines involving teenage sexuality in more detail. It will argue that despite the programme's nihilistic ethos, Skins is underpinned by more conservative ideologies, particularly regarding the depiction of gender and sexuality. In turn, this ambivalence makes it difficult to discern the programme's ideological stance on sexual issues.
Inhibiting Invasion into Human Bladder Carcinoma 5637 Cells with Diallyl Trisulfide by Inhibiting Matrix Metalloproteinase Activities and Tightening Tight Junctions
Authors: Shin Dong , Cha Hee-Jae , Kim Gi-Young , Kim Wun-Jae , Choi Yung
Published: October 2013

Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), an organosulfur compound in garlic, possesses pronounced anti-cancer potential. However, the anti-invasive mechanism of this compound in human bladder carcinoma is not fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the anti-invasive effects of DATS on a human bladder carcinoma (5637) cell line and investigated the underlying mechanism. The results indicated that DATS suppressed migration and invasion of 5637 cells by reducing the activities and expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 at both the protein and mRNA levels. DATS treatment up-regulated expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 in 5637 cells. The inhibitory effects of DATS on invasiveness were associated with an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance and repression of the levels of claudin family members. Although further studies are needed, our data demonstrate that DATS exhibits anti-invasive effects in 5637 cells by down-regulating the activity of tight junctions and MMPs. DATS may have future utility in clinical applications for treating bladder cancer.
Les arcs-boutants du chevet de l’abbatiale de Pontigny : nouvelles observations
Authors: Timbert Arnaud , Tallon Andrew
Published: October 2013

Restoration work on the flying buttresses of the chevet of the abbey church of Pontigny during the years 2004-2006 has allowed for observations concerning their construction, stone-carving techniques and the geological nature of the materials used (stone and mortar). Site reports suggest the possibility that the flying buttresses were built only after the chevet was fully completed, around 1208-1212, thus favouring a comparison of the Burgundian monument with the chevets of Clairvaux III, Cherlieu, Quincy and even Chaâlis, none of which have flying arches.
L’ancien réfectoire des chanoines de la cathédrale Notre-Dame de Noyon
Authors: Pawlak Sophie
Published: October 2013

The old refectory of the canons of the cathedral of Noyon, today presented at a chapter house, occupied the ground floor of the western building on the cloister. The building has been little studied and raises problems related to its function and dating. Textual sources, archaeological data and architectural analysis lead to the conclusion that it was constructed during the second quarter of the thirteenth century, between 1235 and 1250. Furthermore, it appears that the large room on the ground floor was not meant, at the moment of its construction, to be used as a refectory for the daily meals of the canons, insofar as they had rejected the communal life. It served more as a polyvalent space adapted exclusively to the needs of the chapter, and thus the uses that may have been attributed to it from the thirteenth century onwards are explored.
Demonstrating disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Sertpoyraz F. , Oncel G. , Kobak S. , Yalcin M. , Kumanlioglu K. , Karapolat I.
Published: October 2013

Aim: We aimed to investigate the relationship of fluor-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F FDG PET/CT) with clinical, laboratory parameters and conventional radiographs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients, material, methods: 25 patients with RA diagnosis were evaluated by sociodemographic, clinical [duration of disease (year), the joints in which the complaints started, most recent joint involvement]; other parameters used in RA-specific clinical assessment [Steinbocker functional staging, disease activity score 28 (DAS 28 score), health assessment questionnaire score (HAQ score), general RA assessment (patients’ and physicians’ global assessment), patients’ assessments of pain and general health condition (visual analog scale)], laboratory, radiological [conventional radiology of hand and foot joints], positron emission tomography [18F FDG PET visual total score and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) total score] parameters. Results: No significant correlation was detected between the 18F FDG PET total score and SUVmax total score of the patients and clinical, laboratory, and radiological parameters (p > 0.05). There was no relationship between the cut-off values determined according to the disease activity and 18F FDG PET/ SUVmax total values (p > 0.05). Conclusions: In our study, no relationship was found between disease activity demonstrated by 18F FDG PET/CT in RA patients and clinical, laboratory, and radiological parameters. 18F FDG PET/CT appears to be a more sensitive method in demonstrating disease activity compared to other evaluated methods.
Ex vivo cyclic mechanical behaviour of 2.4 mm locking plates compared with 2.4 mm limited contact plates in a cadaveric diaphyseal gap model
Authors: Irubetagoyena I. , Verset M. , Palierne S. , Swider P. , Autefage A.
Published: October 2013

Objectives: To compare the mechanical properties of locking compression plate (LCP) and limited contact dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP) constructs in an experimental model of comminuted fracture of the canine femur during eccentric cyclic loading.

Methods: A 20 mm mid-diaphyseal gap was created in eighteen canine femora. A 10-hole, 2.4 mm stainless steel plate (LCP or LC-DCP) was applied with three bicortical screws in each bone fragment. Eccentric cyclic loadings were applied at 10 Hertz for 610,000 cycles. Quasistatic loading / unloading cycles were applied at 0 and 10,000 cycles, and then every 50,000 cycles. Structural stiffness was calculated as the slope of the linear portion of the load-displacement curves during quasistatic loading / unloading cycles.

Results: No bone failure or screw loosening occurred. Two of the nine LCP constructs failed by plate breakage during fatigue testing, whereas no gross failure occurred with the LC-DCP constructs. The mean first stiffness of the LCP constructs over the course of testing was 24.0% lower than that of constructs stabilized by LC-DCP. Construct stiffness increased in some specimens during testing, presumably due to changes in boneplate contact. The first stiffness of LC-DCP constructs decreased by 19.4% and that of locked constructs by 34.3% during the cycling period. A biphasic stiffness profile was observed: the second stiffness was significantly greater than the first stiffness in both groups, which allowed progressive stabilization at elevated load levels.

Clinical significance: Because LCP are not compressed to the bone, they may have a longer working length across a fracture, and thus be less stiff. However, this may cause them to be more susceptible to fatigue failure if healing is delayed.
Cone thermogenesis and its limits in the tropical Cycas micronesica (Cycadaceae): Association with cone growth, dehiscence, and post‐dehiscence phases
Authors: Roemer Robert B. , Terry L. Irene , Marler Thomas E.
Published: October 2013

• Premise of the study: Thermogenesis is a prominent pollination‐related feature of cycad cones and is generally assumed to play a role in pollination. Although typically studied just before, during, and immediately after the cones’ pollination phase, thermogenesis may be present in other cone developmental phases.

• Methods: We assayed thermogenesis in Cycas micronesica, Guam's endangered cycad, over successive cone developmental phases by measuring temperatures in shaded and unshaded in situ cones for up to 7 wk. We also studied the effect of ambient conditions on cone thermogenesis in laboratory experiments and estimated the cones’ metabolic heating rates.

• Key results: Pollen cones exhibit a continuous, but small, metabolically generated thermogenesis for multiple weeks, including a single thermogenic peak temperature greater than peak ambient each day. The magnitudes of those daily peak temperature elevations above ambient reach maxima twice during cone development: a few days before dehiscence and approximately 1 wk post‐dehiscence. Excised cones in dark, fixed temperature environments generated multiple thermogenic events (∼24 h period) over ∼10 d. Cones appear to initiate a protective temperature regulatory response at temperatures ≥∼38°C.

• Conclusions: Cycas micronesica pollen cones exhibit several thermogenic attributes not reported in other cycads, including continuous thermogenesis for many weeks. These cones grow in a hot tropical environment that likely confines their metabolically generated temperature increases to a small thermogenic window beyond which they encounter heat stress. These findings suggest the presence of thermogenic functions not strictly related to pollination and a potential vulnerability to warming climates.
Mutations in GERANYLGERANYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 1 affect chloroplast development in Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Ruppel Nicholas J. , Kropp Kelsey N. , Davis Phillip A. , Martin Arielle E. , Luesse Darron R. , Hangarter Roger P.
Published: October 2013

• Premise of the study: Within plastids, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase is a key enzyme in the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway that catalyzes the formation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate, a precursor molecule to several biochemical pathways including those that lead into the biosynthesis of carotenoids and abscisic acid, prenyllipids such as the chlorophylls, and diterpenes such as gibberellic acid.

• Methods: We have identified mutants in the GERANYLGERANYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 1 (GGPS1) gene, which encodes the major plastid‐localized enzyme geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase in Arabidopsis thaliana.

• Key results: Two T‐DNA insertion mutant alleles (ggps1‐2 and ggps1‐3) were found to result in seedling‐lethal albino and embryo‐lethal phenotypes, respectively, indicating that GGPS1 is an essential gene. We also identified a temperature‐sensitive leaf variegation mutant (ggps1‐1) in A. thaliana that is caused by a point mutation. Total chlorophyll and carotenoid levels were reduced in ggps1‐1 white tissues as compared with green tissues. Phenotypes typically associated with a reduction in gibberellic acid were not seen, suggesting that gibberellic acid biosynthesis is not noticeably altered in the mutant. In contrast to other variegated mutants, the ggps1‐1 green sector photosynthetic rate was not elevated relative to wild‐type tissues. Chloroplast development in green sectors of variegated leaves appeared normal, whereas cells in white sectors contained abnormal plastids with numerous electron translucent bodies and poorly developed internal membranes.

• Conclusions: Our results indicate that GGPS1 is a key gene in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway.
Development of microsatellite markers for Leucosceptrum japonicum and L. stellipilum (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Li Yue , Maki Masayuki
Published: October 2013

• Premise of the study: We developed 10 new primers for amplifying microsatellite loci for both Leucosceptrum japonicum and L. stellipilum to study the genetic structure of hybrid zones between these two species.

• Methods and Results: We isolated DNA fragments containing microsatellites from an enriched library and designed the 10 primer pairs amplifying the fragments. The number of alleles per locus ranged from one to 11 in both L. japonicum and L. stellipilum. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 0.84 and 0.00 to 1.00 in L. japonicum and L. stellipilum, respectively. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 0.84 and 0.00 to 0.89 in L. japonicum and L. stellipilum, respectively.

• Conclusions: These newly developed markers will be useful in investigating genetic structure and hybridization patterns in hybrid zones between L. japonicum and L. stellipilum.
THE SYSTEM OF URBAN PUBLIC SPACES IN THE POST-COMMUNIST SOCIOCULTURAL CONTEXT / MIESTO VIEŠŲJŲ ERDVIŲ SISTEMA POSTKOMUNISTINĖJE SOCIOKULTŪRINĖJE APLINKOJE
Authors: Grunskis Tomas , Mankus Martynas
Published: October 2013

The article analyses the system of urban public spaces and discusses its current situation in the changed sociocultural context of Lithuania. The concept of the system of urban public spaces is approached as a relevant problem, by focusing on the ideological aspects of public space formation. Also, the problem of current transformation of main public spaces in Lithuanian largest towns is discussed considering the background of still persistent post-communist sociocultural situation. In the context of such sociocultural environment, a case of public space development in Šiauliai is presented as one of the most interesting and significant, related to the ideological changes in Lithuania before 1990. Key models of urban public space formation are reviewed in the article with assumptions being made on their possible influence on the situation in Lithuania. Santrauka Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas miesto viešųjų erdvių sistemos klausimas ir aptariama esamą jų padėtis pakitusioje sociokultūrinėje aplinkoje Lietuvoje. Jame aktualizuojama miesto viešųjų erdvių sistemos koncepcijos problema, nagrinėjami ideologiniai viešųjų erdvių formavimo aspektai. Aktualizuojama dabartinė didžiųjų Lietuvos miestų pagrindinių viešųjų erdvių kaitos problema užsitęsusioje postkomunistinėje sociokultūrinėje situacijoje. Sociokultūrnės aplinkos kontekste kaip vienas įdomesnių ir svarbesnių aptariamas Šiaulių miesto viešųjų erdvių plėtros atvejis, kuris susiejamas su ideologine kaita Lietuvoje iki 1990 m. Straipsnyje apžvelgiami pagrindiniai miestų viešųjų erdvių formavimo modeliai ir daromos prielaidos dėl jų galimos įtakos Lietuvos situacijai.
Impaired Health Status and the Effect of Pain and Fatigue on Functioning in Clinical Trial Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Petri Michelle , Kawata Ariane K. , Fernandes Ancilla W. , Gajria Kavita , Greth Warren , Hareendran Asha , Ethgen Dominique
Published: October 2013

Objective.

Our study evaluated the impaired health status of clinical trial patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and explored the relationship between changes in fatigue and pain and their effect on overall health status.

Methods.

Pooled treatment and placebo data from a phase Ib clinical trial of adults with moderate/severe SLE were analyzed. Measures included patient-reported Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36 Survey, Version 2 (SF-36v2), Fatigue Severity Scale, and numeric rating scales (NRS) for pain and global health assessment and clinician-reported global assessment of disease activity (MDGA). Disease burden was compared to the US general population. Health status of responders and nonresponders on pain or fatigue were compared.

Results.

The sample included 161 patients with SLE, predominantly female (96%) and white (72%), with average age of 43 ± 11 years. Mean SF-36v2 component summary scores reflected overall problems with physical [physical component summary (PCS); 35.2 ± 9.7] and mental health (mental component summary; 40.9 ± 12.9). Patients with SLE had worse health status on all SF-36v2 subscales than the US general population and comparable age and sex norms (effect size −0.51 to −2.15). Pain and fatigue responders had greater improvements on SF-36v2 scores (bodily pain, physical functioning, social functioning, PCS), patient global health assessment NRS, and MDGA than nonresponders. There was moderate agreement in responder status, based on global assessments by patients and clinicians (68.1%), with some discrepancy between patients who were MDGA responders but patient assessment nonresponders (27.7%).

Conclusion.

Improvements in patient-reported pain or fatigue correlated with improvements in overall health. Patient assessments offer a unique perspective on treatment outcomes. Patient-reported outcomes add value in understanding clinical trial treatment benefits.
Hypocrites démocraties
Authors: Conesa Pierre
Published: October 2013

Comment justifier cette défiance du gouvernement envers le peuple dont il n’est que le délégué ? Difficilement ! Malgré quelques avancées législatives, le non-droit demeure la règle, si l’on ose dire. Et l’hypocrisie par-dessus le marché. Mais il y a du nouveau : côté contre-pouvoirs, les médias sont, depuis peu, relayés par les citoyens connectés.
La confession
Authors: Sachot Maurice
Published: October 2013

Pour l’Église, le secret de la confession est sacré ; pour la République, il n’est que professionnel, certes protégé, mais avec des exceptions. Objet d’une simple circulaire qui précise l’état actuel de la question, il doit être examiné à la lumière de la jurisprudence.
Partager ses secrets en public
Authors: Merzeau Louise
Published: October 2013

Non, les réseaux sociaux en ligne ne tuent pas l’intimité. Le secret s’inscrit désormais dans le partage même, au sein de l’espace public numérique. Il donne lieu à des stratégies subtiles, pour rester entre soi, en rusant avec les algorithmes indiscrets des nouvelles industries de l’identité.
Médecin de famille
Authors: Hamel Bertrand
Published: October 2013

Le médecin à qui nous ouvrons notre intimité doit gérer, à l’ère du dossier médical informatisé, un principe de discrétion qui remonte à Hippocrate.
Un Sartre clandestin
Authors: Lecarme Jacques
Published: October 2013

La clandestinité n’affecte pas seulement le contenu du message, mais sa forme aussi. C’est ainsi qu’on découvre un autre Sartre, et même plusieurs : quand le médium fait le style.
Ontologie du secret , de Pierre Boutang
Authors: Besnard Jérôme
Published: October 2013

L’être se montre et se cache. Faut-il même qu’il se cache pour être pleinement, à l’instar de l’humilité, cette vertu qui n’est et ne vaut que si elle n’est pas montrée ? Éclairage sur un ouvrage réputé difficile.
« Avoir des secrets »
Authors: Bougnoux Daniel
Published: October 2013

Quoi de plus séduisant que d’avoir des secrets ? Une tradition d’explication, qui s’efforce de tirer la vie hors des plis, anime l’Occident, jusqu’à la philosophie des Lumières. Cette conquête optique du monde se heurte aux mondes propres de chacun. Être un sujet ne revient-il pas à avoir des secrets, y compris pour soi-même ?
Enterprise Knowledge Preservation and Management
Authors: Chelmis Charalampos , Sorathia Vikram , Prasanna Viktor K.
Published: October 2013

The decision making process in organizations is constantly evolving with expanding geographical boundaries and ever-changing technology landscape. A major part of decisions and deliberations now typically takes place in collaboration platforms like emails, enterprise social networks, discussion servers, chats, and conferencing services. These platforms contain problem solving insights, recommendations, best practices, expert opinions, and answers, and must be considered part of the organizational knowledge management effort. However, traditional knowledge management techniques do not sufficiently capture the hidden nuggets of knowledge buried in communication logs. In this chapter, the authors describe the need for a paradigm shift in knowledge management strategy and propose semantic social network analysis as a potential solution. They introduce the concept of social knowledge networks and describe knowledge algebra by defining rigorous social metrics. Finally, to demonstrate the applicability of the approach, the authors provide two case studies that lead to identification of experts and mining of best practices from informal communication at the workplace.