bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Normalization of the symbiotic intestinal microflora of sturgeon’s juvenile with the introduction of a new generation of probiotic preparations into their diet
Authors: Zhandalgarova A D , Bakhareva A A , Grozesku Yu N , Fedorovykh Yu V , Sergeeva Yu V
Published: April 2021

Modern aquaculture is characterized by new approaches to the fish maintenance in conditions of high stocking density, associated with the restoration of the natural ecology of the body and based on the use of biologically active products. One aspect of this approach is to normalize altered the microbial environment of the organism in water of a recirculating aquaculture system with probiotics. Probiotics have the ability to regulate the microbiocenosis of the digestive tract, making a significant contribution to the absorption of nutrients. The use of probiotics can solve a number of problems related to the physiological state of animals and fish, increasing the efficiency of digestion, stimulating growth and development. Probiotic preparations of the new generation include probiotics “Ferm-KM” and “ProStor”, which are sorbed forms containing bacteria immobilized on solid sorbent particles. The article presents the results of the use of probiotics “Ferm-KM” and “ProStor” in the composition of production compound feeds for sturgeon fish. It was found that the use of new generation probiotic preparations in the diet of sturgeon fish contributes an increasing in the number of beneficial microorganisms in the intestine (up to 8.5x107 CFU/g) of Russian sturgeon. The effectiveness of introducing a new generation of probiotics into the compound feed for sturgeon fish has been proven, which contributes to increasing the resistance of the macroorganism to pathogenic microorganisms, improving the functioning of the digestive system. Probiotic strains introduced with preparations interact with the community of intestinal bacteria, releasing metabolites that affect the digestive, immune and hormonal systems of the body.
Variety and microbial nitrogen-fixing preparations in the yield formation of variegated alfalfa
Authors: Ivanova E P , Skalozub O M
Published: April 2021

As a result of studies of two variegated alfalfa fodder varieties selected by the FWRC FPA (Previously All-Russian Williams Fodder Research Institute) and the local population variegated alfalfa variety, it was found that Vega 87 formed a lower yield of green mass in the first year of growth. The yield of the Pastbischnaya 88 variety of the local population was 16 % higher; the superiority of both varieties over the variety Vega 87 was by 50 and 60% in the second year, and 13-15% in the third year of growth. Variegated alfalfa provided the following green mass harvest over the three years: Vega 87 - 31.55 t/ha (the lowest harvest), Pastbischnaya 88 - 39.55 t/ha, local population variegated alfalfa - 40.8 t/ha. The positive effect of inoculation with virulent active strains of the nodule bacteria on the total (per five cuttings) harvest of green mass was expressed in its increase in the experimental variants by 5.04-10.17 t/ha (6.8-13.7%) compared to the control variant. With the aim of adaptive intensification of fodder production, the creation of stable agrophytocenoses with variegated alfalfa with inoculation of seeds with virulent active strains of nodule bacteria is shown (the main production strain 425a showed best results).
In vitro micropropagation of wild rare plant Rhododendron ledebourii Pojark
Authors: Khlebova L P , Mironenko O N , Brovko E S
Published: April 2021

Rhododendron ledebouriiPojark. is a highly decorative rare species of the flora of Siberia (Russia) and can be used as a source of biologically active substances, as well as in landscaping. We have optimized the in vitro propagation protocol for this species. Sterilization of annual shoots of field plants with 5% lysoformin-3000 provided 70% aseptic viable explants. The addition of 2 mg L−1glycine to Anderson’s medium in combination with 8 mg L−12-isopentyladenine and 3 mg L−1indolyl-3-acetic acid stimulated a high multiplication rate and active growth of axillary and adventitious shoots. The adaptation of regenerants in a hydroponic installation containing ¼ of the basic composition of macro- and microsalts according to Murashige and Skoog’s medium promoted the development of powerful roots for subsequent successful acclimatization to ex vitro conditions. This approach ensured the survival rate of 90% microplants.
Research of garden sprayer machines of near-stem and inter-stem strips of orchards
Authors: Rogovskii I L , Titova L L , Maksimovich K Yu , Ohiienko M M , Smelik V A , Scherbakov A P
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of experimental studies of industrial application in the trunk and intert stem strips of orchards of a chemical treatment machine with spray sections, which are equipped with additional sprayers directed in the direction of the location of the protective and intert stem strips. The authors reproduced an experiment to determine the density of the coating of droplets on the surface of cultivation depending on the distance relative to the centerline of a number of trees with a full cycle of cultivation of the trunk and trunk strip at work: section sprayers; additional spray; all sprayers section. The authors confirmed the technological capabilities of the developed machine in comparison with modern chemical treatment of stem and interstitial strips, in terms of reducing the cost of the active protective chemical. The optimal parameters of additional sprayers are set. The authors in the article confirmed that the spray sections work in three modes depending on the required width of the treatment of the stem and interstore strip. The width of the treated strip during the operation of the section with one spray is 0.5-1.0, with two 1.0-1.5, with three is 1.5-2.0 m. In addition, the quality assurance of the technological operation of the chemical processing of orchards.
The Influence of different growing modes on the physiological state of mulard ducks
Authors: Fedota Natalia , Gorchakov Eduard , Kizilova Natalia , Gulyan Kristina , Bagamaev Bagama , Taranukha Nadezhda
Published: April 2021

This paper discusses the use of feed additives with the addition of amino acids containing methionine and cysteine. To study the effectiveness of the use of feed additives, one of the main functional systems of the body of any animal, blood, was monitored. In confirmation, blood samples were taken for hematological and biochemical examination. It is shown that in the first months of use there is an increase in the weight of ducks, and in the period of egg production there is a decrease in productivity. Reduced productivity is associated with the preparation and restructuring of the body for egg production. New approaches to the development of feed additives are needed to assess the state of health and predict the quality of products. Great importance is given to standard methods of studying and identifying certain patterns in the clinical, anamnestic, morphological, metric and anatomical parameters of the bird body.
New model systems for RNA interference in plants to develop eco-friendly and effective antipathogenic tools
Authors: Urin A V , Golubeva T S
Published: April 2021

The methods which are used to combat pathogens of crops, in particular, chemical treatment, pose a threat to environmental safety. RNA interference could be one of the best ways to selectively control pests, but there are not enough methods for introducing dsRNA into plants without creating GMOs. The development of new methods of dsRNA delivery requires affordable and fast gene model systems, the purpose of which is our work. We selected the genes of several carbonic anhydrases functioning in the thylakoids and mitochondria of the whole plant, the suppression of which will be seen phenotypically based on the data on mutants for these genes. Specific primers have been designed, and a PCR reaction has also been carried out to obtain the product of the corresponding mRNA, which will be delivered to the plant in the future using the VIGS system.
Effect of meliorative doses of phosphogypsum on the agrochemical properties of the soil and the yield of sunflower
Authors: Denisov K , Upolovnikov D , Poletaev I , Linkov A
Published: April 2021

The influence of meliorative doses of phosphogypsum application on agrochemical soil properties and sunflower yield was studied. The results of experiments carried out in the Volga region on light chestnut soils are presented. It was revealed that the content of heavy metals for all variants of the experiment did not exceed the approximate permissible concentration; application of phosphogypsum shifted the reaction of the soil environment towards neutral. The use of this agricultural technique increased the content of nutrients in the soil and labile organic matter, most of all, this was noted in the variant with a phosphogypsum dose of 8 t/ha. It was concluded that the combined application of mineral fertilizers and phosphogypsum at a dose of 4 t/ha leads to a significant increase in yield by 0.65 t/ha. The use of phosphogypsum as an ameliorant solves the environmental problem of utilizing wastes after the production of mineral fertilizers accumulated in the Russian Federation in the amount of about 50 million tons. The studies carried out have confirmed the soil-improving and fertilizing properties of phosphogypsum, as well as its environmental safety.
Influence of subwinter sowing period of spring wheat on efficiency of using water component in arid conditions of Orenburg Cis-Urals
Authors: Khalin A V , Solomatin N V
Published: April 2021

In the arid conditions of agriculture in the Orenburg Cis-Urals, the level of development of crop production and the state of agriculture as a whole largely depend on the water component. The applied technologies and methods of soil cultivation do not ensure the most efficient use of water resources and the natural potential of the region. In order to develop and improve technologies for the effective use of the water component in arid agricultural landscapes, the article studies the use of available water resources by spring wheat sown in the traditional spring and subwinter way.
Reproduction of ewes depending on their behavior when consuming feed
Authors: Khodykov V P , Mescherov R K , Kedeeva O Sh , Ubushieva A V , Chimidova N V
Published: April 2021

The article presents data on the study of reproductive and productive characteristics of sheep of the Grozny fine-fleece breed of different types of eating behavior (PP) in terms of autonomic-nervous activity (GNI). The dispersal of experimental bright colors according to the types of PP into the experimental groups was carried out according to the methods generally accepted in zootechnics by D.K. Belyaeva, V.N. Martynova (1973), V.S. Zarytovsky and others (1990). The principle of selection of individuals is to determine their passive-defensive, orienting reactions in an unusual environment of feed consumption. Scientific and production observations were carried out in the conditions of a specific agricultural enterprise in the Republic of Kalmykia. Our studies indicate that under identical feeding and keeping conditions of bright birds, the highest live weight (40.5 kg) is observed in individuals of the 1st type of PP, while among their peers it was lower by 2.7 and 5.3, respectively. kg. The sex dominant in type 1 flies of PP was much more pronounced, since they entered the state of the first hunt more intensively by 16.6 and 27.2%, respectively, than their counterparts from types 2 and 3. The peculiarities of the behavior of replacement birds at the time of feed consumption were reflected in their subsequent reproductive capacity. Thus, the highest reproduction (110%) of the number of ewes who had clung to ewes had individuals of the 1st type of PP. The lowest fertility (90%) had uterus of the 3 behavioral type. The wool productivity of ewes of different types of feeding behavior was characterized by rather high variability. For example, shearing wool from type 1 ewes PP turned out to be 4.9 and 7.7% more than in type 2 ewes. Survival of offspring by the time of beating and the yield of lambs per 100 ewes that have been clung to each other, depending on the type of PP, varies within wide limits. The highest mortality rate of young animals (11.8%) was observed in queens of the 3rd type of feeding behavior, while the indicators of obtaining offspring (44 heads), survival and yield of lambs per 100 ugly queens in the first group of the 1st type of PP were 100%. In the conditions of sheep farms in the Republic of Kalmykia, in particular in its eastern zone, in order to increase the brood stock, increase the reproductive capacity and productive qualities, it is necessary to use the type of feeding behavior when consuming feed as a “marker” of their selection for the repair and formation of brood stock.
Effect of plant growth regulators on the induction of peach resistance to leaf curl
Authors: Mikhailova Ye V , Karpun N N
Published: April 2021

The article presents data from studies of the effect of growth regulators when applied for three years in peach plantations in the humid subtropical zone of the Black Sea coast of Russia. The influence of drugs (Zerebra® Agro (colloidal silver + polyhexamethylenebiguanide hydrochloride), Epin-Extra® (24-epibrassinolide) and Biosil® (triterpene acids)) on the degree of development of peach leaf curl (pathogen – Taphrina deformans (Berk) Tul.) was analyzed. The preparations were used in pure form and in combination with fungicides, the dosage of which was two times lower than in the standard. Already in the first year of the experiment, an increase in the resistance of the peach to leaf curl was noted. The maximum biological efficiency (up to 80.3%) in relation to leaf curl was observed when using Zerebra Agro in a tank mixture with fungicides. An inverse correlation was established between the degree of development of leaf curl and the level of antioxidant system enzymes activity (catalase and guaiacol peroxidase), which confirms the immunity-inducing effect of the growth regulators use.
Creation of new high-sugar forms of sweet sorghum as a source of raw materials for the production of bioethanol in the conditions of Submontane Crimea
Authors: Yudina V N , Boldyreva L L , Britvin V V , Reshetnik G V
Published: April 2021

This work displays the results of the research aimed at the creation of high-sugar forms of sweet sorghum. During 2019 and 2020 samples of sweet sorghum from the collections of N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Genetic Resources of Plants and the Agrotechnological Academy FSAEI HE “V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University” were studied, new hybrids were derived. Of the particular interest are the high-sugar forms. The juice of sorghum stems contains sugars that can easily compete in quality with those of sugar beet. The plant can be used to produce alcohol and biofuel.
Trees and shrubs of native flora in green areas of the South-East coast of the Crimea
Authors: Potapenko I L , Klimenko N I , Letukhova V Yu , Klimenko O E
Published: April 2021

The article examines species of native dendroflora in parks and other green areas of the South-Eastern coast of the Crimea. Those of them that are often used are considered, as well as rare one. The oldest woody aborigines in the parks of the region are identified, and their morphometric data are given. The work also considers neophytes of the Crimean flora (cedars, cypresses, pines), that emphasize the Mediterranean character of the local landscapes. Special attention we have paid to species with regional and state conservation status. Cultivating them in gardens and parks will serve as an additional measure to preserve them. We proposed species of native trees and shrubs with good ornamental properties and suitable for the soil and climatic conditions of the region. Thus, we expand their species diversity in cultural cenosis. Their physiognomic correspondence to local picturesque landscapes is important. Artificial green spaces play an important role in the conservation of biodiversity, as well as rare protected species of the Crimean flora. The preservation of artificial green zones should correspond with the general concept of nature protection in the region.
Application of photometry for crops online diagnostics of the nitrogen nutrition of plants
Authors: Shchuklina O A , Langaeva N N , Voronchikhina I N , Voronchikhin V V , Afanasiev R A
Published: April 2021

The application efficiency of portable photometric nitrate tester “Spectrolyuks” produced domestically and «Yara» produced foreign for online diagnostics of nitrogen nutrition of agricultural crops in the link of field crop rotation reviewed. The results of a field test conducted in 2012-2015 in the Central Region of Non-Chernozem zone on spring grain crops (barley, triticale) and white mustard, shown the positive effect of a photometric devices application. The data photometric diagnostics obtained in the initial phase of crops development (stem elongation on the barley and triticale, budding on the white mustard) had a strong correlation dependency with crop yield of the link of the field crop rotation and stem diagnostics scores.
The effectiveness of various antibacterial drugs in the treatment of swine respiratory diseases
Authors: Kugelev I M , Kapay N A , Davydenkova O V , Russkin A S
Published: April 2021

The polyethiological nature of pig respiratory diseases involves the use of antibacterial drugs of the widest possible spectrum of action. The success of the whole range of therapeutic measures will largely depend on the choice of antibacterial drugs. This article presents the results of a clinical (field) study evaluating the effectiveness of azithromycin, florfenicol and amoxicillin in respiratory diseases of pigs under conditions of contamination with associates of highly resistant pathogens (Mycoplasma spp., Hemolytic coagulase-positive Staph.aureus, non-hemolytic Lac-coli fermenting E. hemolytic Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabillis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae). The study included 90 crossbred piglets 100-110 days old with pronounced clinical signs of respiratory diseases. In the course of the work, the dynamics of changes in the state of piglets was assessed: the rate of disappearance of clinical signs, the average daily weight gain, the presence of associates of highly resistant microorganisms after a course of treatment, the mortality rate and the number of adverse events and side reactions. The results of the study revealed the formation of multidrug resistance in a number of pathogens. Preparations based on florfenicol and azithromycin showed higher therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of respiratory diseases of piglets under conditions of contamination of associates of highly resistant pathogens.
Purification and concentration of potato juice by ultrafiltration and nanofiltration
Authors: Farnosova E N , Rid A A , Morozova Ya A
Published: April 2021

In this article are proposed and investigated the baromembrane methods for purification of potato juice with recycling. The resulting concentrate could be used as a feed and food additive. The optimal technological parameters of the ultrafiltration stage – the type of membranes, the molecular weight cutoff, the process temperature, and the operating pressure are analyzed and determined.
Features of the functioning of stress systems of the animal body against the background of the use of a feed additive
Authors: Kaluga I A , Pauli A S , Volokhovich A A , Arapova A V , Fatkullin R R
Published: April 2021

This article contains information about the impact of cross-activating and stress-limiting environmental factors on the body of young calves, in particular, information about the physiological status and antioxidant system. The following indicators, catalase activity, malonic dialdehyde, as well as lipid peroxidation. At the same time, we assessed the adaptive capabilities of animals, against the background of the use of corrective fodder supplements, which contribute to the strengthening of stress activity - limiting systems of the body [1]. At the end of the research work, we will analyze the ability of the biovitel feed additive to affect the antioxidant system of the body of the subjects animals.
A new method for the selenium nanoparticles synthesis and study of their influence on the characteristics of physiological processes in spring rye seedlings at the initial stages of ontogenesis
Authors: Gorshunova S V , Drevko Ya B , Bannikova A V , Larionov S V , Drevko B I
Published: April 2021

A new method for the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles based on its organic compound is described, which makes it possible to obtain nanoparticles with a size of 1.8-3.5 nm. It was established that the growth processes and development of spring rye plants were stimulated by adding the selenium nanoparticles to the growing medium up to 91% and 25% as compared to the control and other selenium-containing preparations, accordingly.
Effect of a nanomodified antibiotic on field strains of E. coli and Enterobacter cloacae
Authors: Lovtsova L , Guliy O , Larionova O , Zabelina M , Uskov K , Lovtsov I
Published: April 2021

For the first time, a comparative analysis of the biological activity of selenium nanoparticles was carried out to create a new drug based on a non-toxic and effective means of intracellular delivery of selenium nanoparticles and the antibiotic polymyxin. Proven A method for the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles was developed using polyvinylpyrrolidone as an adsorbent, a stable form of their storage was achieved, microscopy of electron losses was carried out, the size of the synthesized preparation containing selenium nanoparticles was determined.
Biological activity of chitosan aspartate and its effect on germination of test seeds
Authors: Khaptsev Z , Lugovitskaya T , Shipovskaya A , Shipenok K
Published: April 2021

A polymer salt, chitosan aspartate, was obtained by dissolving chitosan in an aqueous solution of L-aspartic acid. It was found that polysalt macromolecules in an aqueous medium exhibit the properties of a cationic polyelectrolyte with a partially compensated positive charge. Chitosan aspartate shows high antibacterial activity and no cytotoxicity. The positive effect of polysalt on germination of watercress test seeds was revealed, which allows us to consider chitosan aspartate as a promising biostimulator of plant growth.
Regional agriculture in the context of sustainable development: legal and social issues
Authors: Panchenko V Y , Makarchuk I Y , Pastukhova N B , Albertian A P , Shitova T V , Pchelkina G I
Published: April 2021

This paper discusses the issues of sustainable development in agriculture from a regional perspective and particularly focuses on the social and legal aspects of the problem. The authors point out that sustainability of regional agriculture is affected by various national, geographical, and other factors as well as the mentality of the local population. In this study, sustainability of regional agriculture is defined as the way of ensuring optimal conditions for the preservation of the regional agricultural sector in the times of crisis, as well as the creation of an efficient socio-economic mechanism that guarantees the steady and eco-friendly development of agriculture. In this regard, the efforts of the regional business community and government support can be very effective at ensuring the sustainability of regional agricultural systems. In today’s market economy, the government seeks to stimulate economic growth while also considering the interests of the rural population, which is impossible to achieve unless the regional agriculture is sustainable.
Brackish water desalination using electrodialysis with monovalent selective membranes
Authors: Titorova V , Kirichenko E , Kirichenko K
Published: April 2021

Electrodialysis with selective membranes is used to desalinate surface waters while preserving the polycharged ions. Layer-by-layer adsorption of alternating positively charged and negatively charged polyelectrolytes at the surface of the substrate membrane is known as a simple and cheap method for the production of selective membranes. In this article we investigate model membranes surficially coated from one side with two types of anion exchange modifiers and conclude that for both types of created samples a high limiting current of salt ions is observed but the intensity of a side process, a shift in the pH of the treated solution, increases after the modification. We propose that it is more reasonable to modify membranes by this method with polymeric quaternary ammonium substances, which are less catalytically active in water dissociation reaction. This will reduce the energy demand of the process and will improve the quality of treated waters.
Analysis of pesticide load on agricultural land and the effect of chemicals on ecosystems
Authors: Ulivanova G V , Fedosova O A
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the pesticide load on agricultural land using the example of the agroecosystem of Moscow region, in particular, the concentration of a wide range of pesticides in soil samples at the beginning and end of the growing season of the model crop, the content of pesticides in agricultural crops at the beginning and end of the growing season and residual pesticides in crop products. The research revealed an excess of the concentration of a number of pesticides in soil samples and agricultural crops. It was noted that the concentration of DDT and its analogues in the herbage at the end of the growing season was 0.031 mg/l, that is three times higher than the MPC level.
Evaluation of the sale of grain in certain categories of farms, as the main product of land cultivation
Authors: Generalov I G , Suslov S A , Kadyrberdieva A S , Bazhenov R I , Burik O V
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the study is to assess the possibility of selling grain. The authors used a set of indicators describing the central trend, variability of time series data, as well as the forms of their distribution. The materials of the analytical part were the data of the Territorial Body of State Statistics of the Nizhny Novgorod Region and the Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System. The article provides an economic and statistical assessment of the implementation of one of the agricultural regions of the Non-Black Earth Region - the Nizhny Novgorod Region. As a result of the study, a low level of grain sales was established. The analysis revealed the categories of farms with the weakest levels of grain sales in the region.
Carthamus tinctorius L. development and productivity under the influence of ecological and climatic factors
Authors: Oleynikova E M , Koltsova O M , Mateyeva S Z , Mateyeva A E , Mirsaidov M M
Published: April 2021

The authors consider Carthamus tinctorius L. development and productivity under the influence of geographical zone conditions defining that plant vigor and reproductive sphere development are greatly influenced by climatic and ecological conditions starting from the virgin stage. A reduction in the duration of plant vegetation period in the conditions of Voronezh Oblast as an adaptation mechanism of the species was established. At the same time, the seed productivity of safflower did not depend much on geographical conditions. The authors present the results of studying the morphogenetic characteristics of species and starting date of each phenophase. The data obtained show the presence of high adaptive potential of the crop under study and the possibility of its cultivation in the conditions of the Central Chernozem Region
The effect of foliage spraying with complex micronutrient fertilizers and humate on quantitative losses of potatoes during storage
Authors: Savina O V , Afinogenova S N , Baidova N V , Buranova E A , Krishtafovich V I
Published: April 2021

The article examines the effect of foliage spraying with complex micronutrient fertilizers Strada N, Strada R and humate Ekorost on the preservation of potato tubers of Gala and Latona varieties. The data on natural loss and total quantitative losses of experimental and control tubers after eight months of storage are given. A decrease in the natural loss of mass and absolute waste of tubers in the variants with the use of complex micronutrients has been revealed. Micronutrient Strada R with predominating phosphorus had the greatest effect on increasing the preservation of tubers. It is shown that the use of Ekorost humate does not have a pronounced effect on increasing the storage capacity of tubers, although it leads to a slight decrease in the natural loss of mass of two potato varieties.
Bacteriophages of Pseudomonas syringae: features of isolation and study of main biological properties
Authors: Vasiliev D A , Feoktistova N A , Suldina E V , Mastilenko A V , Bekkalieva A K
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of studies on isolation and study of biological properties of bacteriophages specific for phytopathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae. 8 new virulent bacteriophages were isolated and selected from environmental objects. The main biological properties of isolated phages, including lytic activity, were studied (according to Appelman, the indicator was equal to from 10-5 to 10-8; by diffusion method in «soft agar» - from 1.0±0.1*106 to 2.0±0.1*109 (PFU/ml), «spot test» - spot test confirmed the results obtained by diffusion method in «soft agar» - n6 – n9) and its diapason, which ranged from 21.4% (Ps.s-13 UlGAU) to 85.7% (Ps.s-7 UlGAU, Ps.s-27 UlGAU), morphology of plaque-forming units (morphology of negative colonies), specificity within genus and species, changes in lytic activity index during storage, features of impact of physical and chemical factors (trichloromethane at the ratio of 1:10, the impact of which during 5-85 minutes does not influence on biological activity of phages when determining by indirect method; urea, whose 30% solution reduces the yield of plaque-forming units of each bacteriophage studied by about 77.6-85.5 %; temperature in the range of -5 to 10°C and from 50 to 100°C). The study of biological properties allowed us to systematize biological features of each of isolated clones of virulent bacteriophages and select the 4 most promising bacteriophages for further research. The research is carried out with the support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the project “Fundamental foundations for the development of phage preparation specific to Pseudomonas syringae, and applied aspects of its application for phagoidentification and bioprocessing of food and agricultural raw materials” No 19-44-730014.
Genesis of secondary vegetable communities of post agrogenic plakor landscapes (Meshchovskoe Opolye)
Authors: Burlutskiy V A , Mazurov V N , Semeshkina P S , Filatov A N , Borodina E S
Published: April 2021

The article shows the dependence of the composition of synanthropic plant communities of postagrogenic landscapes in the agroclimatic conditions of the Central regions of the Nonchernozem zone of the Russian Federation (Meshchovskoe opolye) on agroclimatic conditions, the composition of the segetal complex of agrophytocenoses and agricultural technologies used for cultivation, the influence of anemochoric inspection and episodic pyrogenic disasters. Tap-root and rhizome species of segetal plants are predominantly involved in the development of fallows; the highest density of formations and accumulation of the phytomass of communities is observed in May – June, which is influenced by the frequency of occurrence, productivity, and specific area of dominant plant species. It has been established that the floristic core includes 214 species of higher herbaceous plants that determine the productivity and potential food value of secondary meadow communities, including invasive species that have an adaptive potential to zonal ecological and soil conditions. The placement of agrophytocenoses of oats during the development of middle-aged cereal-legume meadow phytocenoses with a share of legumes in the structure of up to 35% contributes to an increase in the yield of grain fodder by an average of 9.3% and an increase in the collection of metabolic energy by 11.1%.
Increasing yield and quality of grain wheat in steam grain-steamed crop rotation in the lower Volga region
Authors: Solodovnikov A P , Lyovkina A Y , Linkov A S , Gudova L A
Published: April 2021

The scientific work shows the influence of agrochemicals and methods of the main tillage in the steam link of grain-row crop rotation on the yield and the proportion of protein in dry matter in winter wheat grain. The analysis of soil moisture and moisture reserves in a fallow field during the sowing of winter wheat in the Lower Volga region was carried out. Three-year data show that the main processing of black fallow by 10-12 cm for sowing winter wheat reduces its yield by 0.25 t / ha (10.6%). The maximum values of the yield of winter wheat were obtained on combined processing - 2.40 t / ha, with an insignificant increase (2.1%) in relation to the control (moldboard processing). Deep moldboard-free loosening of the soil by 30-32 cm did not provide a significant decrease in yield (-0.03 t / ha). Foliar feeding of winter wheat crops with micronutrient fertilizers increased the yield by 7.3-11.4%, a growth stimulator (GSN-2004) by 3.8 - 8.2%. Giberelon (growth regulator) in the severely arid years of research on the dark chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region did not have a significant effect on the grain yield of winter wheat. A significant increase in the protein content was formed in the variants with feeding Megamix No. 10 - 0.4-0.5%, Mikrovit – 0.4-0.6% (mineral fertilizers) and GSN-2004 (growth stimulant) - 0.5-0.6%.
Autolysed yeast – modern solution for baking from strong gluten wheat flour
Authors: Morozov A , Meledina T , Soboleva E , Segacheva E , Gerasimov A
Published: April 2021

This research is based on baking improver development using yeast autolyzate from brewer’s wastages which contains reduced glutathione (GSH). It is one of the most common tools to improve the quality of the wheat flour. This study shows the influence of yeast autolyzate to property of the strong wheat flour, dough, and bread quality. The most significant indicator of wheat flour quality is the amount of wet gluten which were increased from 29,4 to 34,8% due to adding yeast autolyzate. Moreover, ratio P/L from Alveograph was changed from 3,16 to 1,68 in the presence 0.07% autolyzed yeast. Also, dough stability and specific bread volume were improved. In this research, modern methods based on rheological data and traditional ones are used.
Body weight dynamics of broiler chickens by feeding probiotic preparation
Authors: Koshchaev I A , Mezinova K V , Sorokina N N , Ryadinskaya A A , Ordina N B , Chuev S A
Published: April 2021

Under industrial conditions, broiler chickens are constantly exposed to stressful factors that can increase their susceptibility to intestinal diseases, leading to reduced productivity, immune suppression, and increased mortality. Antibiotics are widely used to maintain and improve productivity in such conditions. However, in recent years, there has been a tightening of the rules on the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry in order to stop them from entering food for people, as well as in connection with the emergence of strains of pathogenic bacteria that have developed resistance to a wide range of antibiotics, which pose a danger to human health and life. In this regard, manufacturers are searching for alternatives to antibiotics. One of the most promising groups is probiotics. In the course of the study, it was found that low-protein diets (with a low protein content, but balanced by the amino acid profile) can unlock the potential of probiotic cultures of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain and, as a result, increase the safety of broiler chickens by 4.6 %, body weight by 10.1 %.
The quality and content of anthocyanins in purple- and blue-grained wheat in the south of Western Siberia
Authors: Khlebova L P , Melnikova Yu V , Barysheva N V , Suharkova N V , Vistovskaya V P
Published: April 2021

The development of wheat cultivars with an increased content of anthocyanins is one of the topical areas of modern plant breeding. Flavonoid pigments are natural antioxidants and are extremely beneficial to human health. We studied the collection of spring bread wheat with purple and blue grains in the south of Western Siberia (the Russian Federation). Samples were taken from the genetic bank of N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) (St. Petersburg). Blue A (New Zealand), Fioletovozernaya (Russia) and Konini (Canada) can be sources of high anthocyanins, protein and gluten to improve commercial bread wheat cultivars.
The application of immuno-enzymal analysis as a method of early express diagnostics of rednoya in pond fish
Authors: Kapitova I A , Spiridonov A V , Glebova I A , Gorbunov A V
Published: April 2021

Due to the lack of effective means of specific prevention of rubella in pond fish (CRF), it is obvious that early diagnosis is one of the most important and effective ways to combat this disease. This theoretical study is devoted to the development of an express method for the rapid detection of antibodies to rubella pathogens in pond fish (Aeromonas punctata, Pseudomonas, Rabdovirus cyprini). To date, the diagnosis of CRC (Rabdovirus cyprini) is determined by the results of the clinical picture, taking into account anatomical data, epizootological indicators and virological research results. The diagnosis of CRC (Aeromonas punctata, Pseudomonas) is determined by bacteriological results, taking into account epizootological indicators, clinical signs and pathological changes. The use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of CRC antibodies is a comprehensive diagnostic kit that allows you to significantly reduce the time for examination (sample preparation, reaction, results recording), and also reduce the number of errors caused by the human factor. The ELISA reaction makes it possible to quickly and efficiently obtain research results. As a result of the study, indicators of the effectiveness of the application of this technique for the diagnosis of CRC were proposed. The advantage of ELISA in comparison with the bacteriological method lies in the simplicity of setting and the reduction in the time of analysis (within 1-2 hours). The proposed method for the determination of rubella in pond fish using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay allows, within the framework of laboratory monitoring, to carry out an express diagnosis of the CRC disease. The possibility of early diagnosis of this disease, the low cost of diagnostic kits and the ability to automate most stages of the reaction, demonstrate the practical value of the presented method.
Influence of microbiological preparations on the rate of decomposition of winter wheat straw and the productivity of sugar beet in the conditions of the Kursk region
Authors: Lazarev V I , Rusakova A A , Glebova I A , Klimov V A
Published: April 2021

The influence of the preparations Mycobact, Gumistim and Trichophyte on the microbiological activity of typical black earth, decomposition of winter wheat straw and the yield of the next crop of crop rotation - sugar beet was studied. It was found that the treatment of chopped straw after harvesting winter wheat with the preparation Gumistim at a dose of 5 l / ha for 90 days of exposure increased the microbiological activity of the soil (loss of linen tissue) to 62.9%, while the loss of linen tissue in the control variant was equal to 46.9%. The use of microbiological preparations Trichophyte at a dose of 7 l / ha and Mycobact at a dose of 3 l / ha as destructors contributed to an increase in the degree of decomposition of linseed linen to 68.1 and 75.3%, respectively. Straw treatment with microbiological preparations Gumistim at a dose of 5 l / ha, Trichophyte at a dose of 7 l / ha, Mycobact at a dose of 3 l / ha, as well as two-fold processing of sugar beet crops in the phase of closing leaves in rows and the phase of closing leaves in row spacing with these preparations contributed to an increase in the yield of sugar beet by 3.5-4.3 t / ha, increased the cost of gross production by 3500-4300 rubles, and given the low cost of the fertilizers themselves and the small rates of their application, it was economically profitable. The value of the conditionally net income from the use of microbiological preparations was 2040-2950 rubles / ha. The most cost-effective was the use of the microbiological preparation Mycobact.
Formation of a system for increasing the sustainability and productivity of the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Kharitonov L A , Kucheryavaya E V , Zhemerikina J I , Senotrusova A A
Published: April 2021

Research into the issues of increasing the sustainability and productivity of the agro-industrial complex is becoming more and more in demand. The agro-industrial complex acts as a point of concentration of resources in the sphere of material production, a catalyst for economic development, and ensures an increase in the quality of life. This article discusses the issue of measures to increase the sustainability and productivity of the agro-industrial complex as part of strategic planning, ensuring continuous economic growth and the formation of food security, including using methods of effective human resource management. The authors analyzed the problematic aspects of the internal and external environment that affect the productivity of the agro-industrial complex, and also formulated relevant proposals to overcome pressing problems.
Theoretical background for a robotic device designed for suckling piglets nursing
Authors: Plaksin I E , Trifanov A V , Plaksin S I
Published: April 2021

The pig industry in Russia annually ramps up production through the improved intensity, high prolificacy of sows, high average daily weight gain, low conversion rate, and high slaughter yield. From 2005 to 2019, the pig production volume increased by above 2.6 times and, according to forecasts, this trend will continue. The greater domestic production contributes to a reduction in the share of imported products, which at the end of 2019 was 2.4% maximum. Complete self-sufficiency in pork, pork offal and pork fat increased the export capacity of these products to roughly100 thousand tons, with a forecast of 270 thousand tons by 2024. To achieve this indicator, however, requires the more effective use of animal genetic potential with a simultaneous decrease in production costs. A promising direction for addressing this challenge is to increase the number of weaned piglets per sow per farrowing. The current solving tools are various devices for manual and automated supplementary feeding of piglets. Their application, however, results in many stressful situations, the spread of gastrointestinal diseases and a drop in the overall litter weight. A robotic device is under development to avoid these implications and replace a sow completely and not merely provide a supplementary feeding of suckling pigs from larger litters. The robotic device operates on a cyclic algorithm, which includes the following operations: the opening of valves for supplying the ingredients to prepare a feed mixture; its direct distribution to animals; the system rinsing; functioning of electric motors for mixing the feed components; functioning of servo drives to bring the locking devices and teats to a working position; operation of relay for giving sound and light signals; switching on and off the disinfection system. The article presents a mathematical model for determining the running time of each operation within the work cycle and assessing the device’s energy consumption in general terms. The created model takes into account the change in the prepared feed mixture consumption depending on the age of the suckling pigs and allows selecting the required technological equipment for the manufacture of the robotic device’s prototype.
On the need for state support for the development of rural tourism as a type of non-agricultural activity in the Pskov Region
Authors: Petrova O G , Malkhasyan A B
Published: April 2021

In rural areas, new challenges are emerging caused by the crisis in the agricultural sector of the economy. Despite the fact that agriculture remains a backbone branch of the national economy and at the same time the dominant economy of the territories, the structural crisis in it, which, despite the recent successes, has not yet been overcome, entailed a serious reduction in the number of jobs. It is obvious that the economy of the economy needs a serious restructuring, but not only to find ways to diversify economic activities, but also to use the development of rural areas with alternative types of employment. The article discusses rural tourism as one of the attractive forms of non-agricultural activities in the territory of an additional settlement, provided with not only jobs, but also considered rural tourism in general: attracting investment, income. However, in modern conditions, rural areas need an impulse; they can become state support for business activity in rural areas, which will be an example of non-agricultural entrepreneurship. Creation of broad forms and types of activities at the regional level of resources, an integrated approach to the use of natural and recreational, the use and improvement of the standard of living of the rural population.
The effect of biofungicides used to protect cucumber from major diseases in unheated spring greenhouses on the yield of marketable products
Authors: Avdeenko A P , Avdeenko S S
Published: April 2021

Currently, in protected ground, preparations are widely used that promote the prolonged action of their components, and provide an integrated technology for growing vegetable plants. However, due to economic problems, the use of biologicals in vegetable production has declined. In this regard, in 2019-2020, in the conditions of unheated greenhouses in the Oktyabrsky District of the Rostov Region, an experiment was laid with the aim of studying the use of drugs with fungicidal methods in the fight against diseases common on the Ataman hybrid cucumber culture. It has been established that powdery mildew is most widespread on greenhouse cucumbers. The drugs Gamair, Strekar and the mixture Gamair + Alirin restrain the average score of the spread of diseases most strongly. Thus, a mixture of Gamair and Alirin is almost 1.6-1.7 times more effective at restraining the distribution point in comparison with Strekar and 4.0-4.5 times more effective than the chemical Topaz. Among the studied methods of using medicinal preparations, a greater effect is observed when watering plants at the root, with the exception of the fight against powdery mildew, where spraying of vegetative plants is more effective. Therefore, it is possible to reveal the positive effect of preparations of biological nature, Gamair, Strekar, or a mixture of Gamair and Alirin, used mainly for watering under the root with an interval of 10 days. Reducing the development of major diseases has a positive effect on the size of the crop. The use of a mixture of drugs allows you to increase the early harvest by 0.6-0.65 and the total by 1.35-1.40 kg / m2.