bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial resistance in commensal opportunistic pathogens isolated from non-sterile sites can be an effective proxy for surveillance in bloodstream infections
Authors: Vihta Karina-Doris , Gordon Nicola Claire , Stoesser Nicole , Quan T. Phuong , Tyrrell Carina S. B. , Vongsouvath Manivanh , Ashley Elizabeth A. , Chansamouth Vilada , Turner Paul , Ling Clare L. , Eyre David W. , White Nicholas J. , Crook Derrick , Peto Tim E. A. , Walker Ann Sarah
Published: December 2021

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance in bloodstream infections (BSIs) is challenging in low/middle-income countries (LMICs) given limited laboratory capacity. Other specimens are easier to collect and process and are more likely to be culture-positive. In 8102 E. coli BSIs, 322,087 E. coli urinary tract infections, 6952 S. aureus BSIs and 112,074 S. aureus non-sterile site cultures from Oxfordshire (1998–2018), and other (55,296 isolates) rarer commensal opportunistic pathogens, antibiotic resistance trends over time in blood were strongly associated with those in other specimens (maximum cross-correlation per drug 0.51–0.99). Resistance prevalence was congruent across drug-years for each species (276/312 (88%) species-drug-years with prevalence within ± 10% between blood/other isolates). Results were similar across multiple countries in high/middle/low income-settings in the independent ATLAS dataset (103,559 isolates, 2004–2017) and three further LMIC hospitals/programmes (6154 isolates, 2008–2019). AMR in commensal opportunistic pathogens cultured from BSIs is strongly associated with AMR in commensal opportunistic pathogens cultured from non-sterile sites over calendar time, suggesting the latter could be used as an effective proxy for AMR surveillance in BSIs.
Predictors of hypoxemia in type-B acute aortic syndrome: a retrospective study
Authors: Tamura Yudai , Tamura Yuichi , Kametani Motoko , Minami Yoshiaki , Nakayama Tomoko , Takagi Daisuke , Unoki Takashi , Yamamuro Megumi , Kawamura Akio , Sakamoto Tomohiro , Sawamura Tadashi
Published: December 2021

Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) can be life-threatening owing to a variety of complications, and it is managed in the intensive care unit (ICU). Although Stanford type-B AAS may involve hypoxemia, its predictors are not yet clearly understood. We studied clinical factors and imaging parameters for predicting hypoxemia after the onset of type-B AAS. We retrospectively analyzed patients diagnosed with type-B AAS in our hospital between January 2012 and April 2020. We defined hypoxemia as PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 200 within 7 days after AAS onset and used logistic regression analysis to evaluate prognostic factors for hypoxemia. We analyzed 224 consecutive patients (140 males, mean age 70 ± 14 years) from a total cohort of 267 patients. Among these, 53 (23.7%) had hypoxemia. The hypoxemia group had longer ICU and hospital stays compared with the non-hypoxemia group (median 20 vs. 16 days, respectively; p = 0.039 and median 7 vs. 5 days, respectively; p < 0.001). Male sex (odds ratio [OR] 2.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24–6.63; p = 0.014), obesity (OR 2.36; 95% CI 1.13–4.97; p = 0.023), patent false lumen (OR 2.33; 95% CI 1.09–4.99; p = 0.029), and high D-dimer level (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.00–1.02; p = 0.047) were independently associated with hypoxemia by multivariate logistic analysis. This study showed a significant difference in duration of ICU and hospital stays between patients with and without hypoxemia. Furthermore, male sex, obesity, patent false lumen, and high D-dimer level may be significantly associated with hypoxemia in patients with type-B AAS.
Hepatoprotective effects of Cassiae Semen on mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease based on gut microbiota
Authors: Luo Hanyan , Wu Hongwei , Wang Lixia , Xiao Shuiming , Lu Yaqi , Liu Cong , Yu Xiankuo , Zhang Xiao , Wang Zhuju , Tang Liying
Published: December 2021

Cassiae Semen (CS), the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia L. and C. tora L, have a long medicinal history in China, with suggestions for it to relieve constipation and exert hepatoprotective effects. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were used to study the hepatoprotective effects of CS. The relationship between gut microbiota and hepatoprotective effect mechanisms mediated by CS extracts, the total aglycone extracts of CS, rubrofusarin-6-β-gentiobioside, and aurantio-obtusin were examined. Our data indicate that CS extracts and components confer a protective effect by ameliorating lipid accumulation, intestinal barrier damage, liver damage, and inflammation on HFD-induced liver injury. Meanwhile, fecal microbe transplantation exerted the pharmacological effect of CS on HFD-fed mice; however, the efficacy of CS was inhibited or eliminated by antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. In conclusion, the therapeutic effects of CS on NAFLD were closely related to the gut microbiota, suggesting a role for TCM in treating disease.
Reserpine improves Enterobacteriaceae resistance in chicken intestine via neuro-immunometabolic signaling and MEK1/2 activation
Authors: Redweik Graham A. J. , Kogut Michael H. , Arsenault Ryan J. , Lyte Mark , Mellata Melha
Published: December 2021

Salmonella enterica persist in the chicken gut by suppressing inflammatory responses via expansion of intestinal regulatory T cells (Tregs). In humans, T cell activation is controlled by neurochemical signaling in Tregs; however, whether similar neuroimmunological signaling occurs in chickens is currently unknown. In this study, we explore the role of the neuroimmunological axis in intestinal Salmonella resistance using the drug reserpine, which disrupts intracellular storage of catecholamines like norepinephrine. Following reserpine treatment, norepinephrine release was increased in both ceca explant media and Tregs. Similarly, Salmonella killing was greater in reserpine-treated explants, and oral reserpine treatment reduced the level of intestinal Salmonella Typhimurium and other Enterobacteriaceae in vivo. These antimicrobial responses were linked to an increase in antimicrobial peptide and IL-2 gene expression as well as a decrease in CTLA-4 gene expression. Globally, reserpine treatment led to phosphorylative changes in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the mitogen-associated protein kinase 2(MEK2). Exogenous norepinephrine treatment alone increased Salmonella resistance, and reserpine-induced antimicrobial responses were blocked using beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors, suggesting norepinephrine signaling is crucial in this mechanism. Furthermore, EGF treatment reversed reserpine-induced antimicrobial responses, whereas mTOR inhibition increased antimicrobial activities, confirming the roles of metabolic signaling in these responses. Finally, MEK1/2 inhibition suppressed reserpine, norepinephrine, and mTOR-induced antimicrobial responses. Overall, this study demonstrates a central role for MEK1/2 activity in reserpine induced neuro-immunometabolic signaling and subsequent antimicrobial responses in the chicken intestine, providing a means of reducing bacterial colonization in chickens to improve food safety.
Soil microbial trait-based strategies drive metabolic efficiency along an altitude gradient
Authors: Feng Jiao , Zeng Xiao-Min , Zhang Qianggong , Zhou Xin-Quan , Liu Yu-Rong , Huang Qiaoyun
Published: December 2021

Trait-based approaches provide a candidate framework for linking soil microbial community to ecosystem processes, yet how the trade-offs in different microbial traits regulate the community-level metabolic efficiency remains unknown. Herein we assessed the roles of the microbial taxa with particular trait strategies in mediating soil microbial metabolic efficiency along an altitude gradient on the Tibetan Plateau. Results showed that soil microbial metabolic efficiency declined with increasing altitude, as indicated by the increasing metabolic quotient (microbial respiration per unit biomass, qCO2) and decreasing carbon use efficiency (CUE). Both qCO2 and CUE were predominantly predicted by microbial physiological and taxonomic attributes after considering key environmental factors including soil pH, substrate quantity and quality. Specifically, the reduced metabolic efficiency was associated with higher investment into nutrient (particularly for phosphorus) acquisitions via enzymes. Furthermore, we identified key microbial assemblies selected by harsh environments (low substrate quality and temperature) as important predictors of metabolic efficiency. These results suggest that particular microbial assemblies adapted to nutrient limited and cold habitats, but at the expense of lower metabolic efficient at higher altitude. Our findings provide a candidate mechanism underlying community-level metabolic efficiency, which has important implications for microbial-mediated processes such as carbon dynamics under global climate changes.
Dye-loaded metal–organic helical capsules applied to the combination of photocatalytic H2S splitting and nitroaromatic hydrogenation
Authors: Yang Yang , Li Hanning , Jing Xu , Wu Yuchen , Shi Youpeng , Duan Chunying
Published: December 2021

Dye-loaded metal–organic helical capsules were used for the combination of photocatalytic hydrogen sulfide splitting and nitroaromatic hydrogenation, and they could simulate holoenzyme photocatalytic activation depending on the bonding to substrates.
Direct asymmetric reductive amination of α-keto acetals: a platform for synthesizing diverse α-functionalized amines
Authors: Shi Yongjie , Wang Jingxin , Yang Feifan , Wang Chenhan , Zhang Xumu , Chiu Pauline , Yin Qin
Published: December 2021

A highly enantioselective synthesis of synthetically valuable and versatile α-functionalized chiral primary amines was achieved via Ru-catalyzed direct asymmetric reductive amination of easily available α-keto acetals with ammonium salts and H2.
Computational investigations of Dienes defect- and vacancy-induced changes in the electronic and vibrational properties of carbon fiber structural units
Authors: Isbill Sara B. , Shields Ashley E. , Kapsimalis Roger J. , Niedziela J. L.
Published: December 2021

Inclusion of monovacancy and Dienes defects leads to notable changes in the electronic and vibrational properties of graphitic materials, particularly changing the electronic band gap and high-frequency phonon bands.
Algae control in oligotrophic surface water under the joint effect of nutritional competition and microbial algae-lytic substances
Authors: Gao Xi-Yan , Xie Wei , Liu Zhi-Pei
Published: December 2021

A novel algae control strategy in oligotrophic surface water was proposed. Under the combined effect of nutritional competition and bacilysin lysis, a 97% decline in chlorophyll-a content was achieved in South-to-North water and 61.5% in stormwater.
Cholesterol-lowering effect of bile salt hydrolase from aLactobacillus johnsoniistrain mediated by FXR pathway regulation
Authors: Zhu Huanjing , Zhao Fang , Zhang Wenjun , Xia Wenxu , Chen Ying , Liu Yanrong , Fan Zhiwen , Zhang Yumeng , Yang Yao
Published: December 2021

Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases worldwide.
Upcycling agricultural waste into membranes: from date seed biomass to oil and solvent-resistant nanofiltration
Authors: Alammar Abdulaziz , Hardian Rifan , Szekely Gyorgy
Published: December 2021

One man's trash is another man's treasure: upcycling agricultural waste by converting date seed biomass into solvent-resistant nanofiltration membranes using ionic liquids.
Sustainability of green solvents – review and perspective
Authors: Hessel Volker , Tran Nam Nghiep , Asrami Mahdieh Razi , Tran Quy Don , Van Duc Long Nguyen , Escribà-Gelonch Marc , Tejada Jose Osorio , Linke Steffen , Sundmacher Kai
Published: December 2021

Life cycle of an ideal green solvent from cradle to grave for sustainability studies of green solvents.
Microfluidic acoustic sawtooth metasurfaces for patterning and separation using traveling surface acoustic waves
Authors: Xu Mingxin , Lee Peter V. S. , Collins David J.
Published: December 2021

We demonstrate microfluidic acoustic sawtooth-like metasurfaces that create steerable acoustofluidic fields for microscale patterning and separation.
Effect of PEDOT:PSS on the performance of solution-processed blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with an exciplex host
Authors: Saghaei Jaber , Koodalingam Manikandan , Burn Paul L. , Gentle Ian R. , Pivrikas Almantas , Shaw Paul E.
Published: December 2021

The acidity of the PEDOT:PSS hole injection layer was found to effect the performance of efficient solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes incorporating a light-emitting layer composed of a blue phosphorescent dendrimer:exciplex host blend.
First principle study and Hirshfeld surface analysis on the effect of type, number, and position of small molecules on the structural stability and optical property of a powerful energetic crystal 6-nitro-7-azido-pyrazol[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazine-2-oxide
Authors: Wu Qiong , Sun Tao , Tan Linghua , Zhu Weihua
Published: December 2021

The powerful but unstable high energy compound ICM-103 is stabilized and desensitized by small molecules H2O, NH3, and H2S.
Target 2035 – update on the quest for a probe for every protein
Authors: Müller Susanne , Ackloo Suzanne , Al Chawaf Arij , Al-Lazikani Bissan , Antolin Albert , Baell Jonathan B. , Beck Hartmut , Beedie Shaunna , Betz Ulrich A. K. , Bezerra Gustavo Arruda , Brennan Paul E. , Brown David , Brown Peter J. , Bullock Alex N. , Carter Adrian J. , Chaikuad Apirat , Chaineau Mathilde , Ciulli Alessio , Collins Ian , Dreher Jan , Drewry David , Edfeldt Kristina , Edwards Aled M. , Egner Ursula , Frye Stephen V. , Fuchs Stephen M. , Hall Matthew D. , Hartung Ingo V. , Hillisch Alexander , Hitchcock Stephen H. , Homan Evert , Kannan Natarajan , Kiefer James R. , Knapp Stefan , Kostic Milka , Kubicek Stefan , Leach Andrew R. , Lindemann Sven , Marsden Brian D. , Matsui Hisanori , Meier Jordan L. , Merk Daniel , Michel Maurice , Morgan Maxwell R. , Mueller-Fahrnow Anke , Owen Dafydd R. , Perry Benjamin G. , Rosenberg Saul H. , Saikatendu Kumar Singh , Schapira Matthieu , Scholten Cora , Sharma Sujata , Simeonov Anton , Sundström Michael , Superti-Furga Giulio , Todd Matthew H. , Tredup Claudia , Vedadi Masoud , von Delft Frank , Willson Timothy M. , Winter Georg E. , Workman Paul , Arrowsmith Cheryl H.
Published: December 2021

Twenty years after the publication of the first draft of the human genome, our knowledge of the human proteome is still fragmented. Target 2035 aims to develop a pharmacological modulator for every protein in the human proteome to fill this gap.
Proteomic and metabolomic profiling of acute and chronic stress events associated with military exercises
Authors: McKetney Justin , Jenkins Conor C. , Minogue Catie , Mach Phillip M. , Hussey Erika K. , Glaros Trevor G. , Coon Joshua , Dhummakupt Elizabeth S.
Published: December 2021

Saliva collected from military personnel during training yields potential biomarkers that could be utilized to differentiate types of stress, specifically chronic versus acute.
Covalent nanosynthesis of fluorene-based macrocycles and organic nanogrids
Authors: Wei Ying , Yan Yongxia , Li Xiaoyan , Xie Linghai , Huang Wei
Published: December 2021

This paper presents an overview of synthetic approaches for fluorene-based cyclic compounds by examining four different connection models of fluorenes, involving 2,7-, 3,6-, 9,9-, and 2,9-linked patterns.
Cyclic olefin copolymers containing both linear polyethylene and poly(ethylene-co-norbornene) segments prepared from chain shuttling copolymerization of ethylene and norbornene
Authors: Gao Huan , Chen Shangtao , Du Bin , Dai Zhenyu , Lu Xu , Zhang Kunyu , Pan Li , Li Yang , Li Yuesheng
Published: December 2021

A series of novel HDPE/COC multiblock copolymers have been effectively obtained via chain shuttling copolymerization of ethylene and NBE. These promising copolymers exhibit excellent clarity, high heat resistance and balanced mechanical properties.
Mechanistic insights into nickel- and gold-catalyzed diastereoselective [4 + 2 + 1] cycloadditions between dienynes and diazo compounds: a DFT study
Authors: Lv Kang , Bao Xiaoguang
Published: December 2021

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to gain an in-depth mechanistic understanding of Ni(0)- and Au(i)-catalyzed diastereoselective [4 + 2 + 1] cycloadditions between dienynes and diazo compounds.
Ruthenium-catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation of quinoxalinones and quinazolinones
Authors: Li Chenghao , Zhang Shuxin , Li Shan , Feng Yu , Fan Qing-Hua
Published: December 2021

An efficient Ru-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of quinoxalinone and quinazolinone derivatives has been developed, providing a facile access to chiral dihydroquinoxalinones and dihydroquinazolinones with excellent enantioselectivities.
Eugenunilones A–H: rearranged sesquiterpenoids from Eugenia uniflora
Authors: Chen Mu , Cao Jia-Qing , Ang Song , Zeng Ting-Ni , Li Ni-Ping , Yang Tang-Jia , Liu Jun-Shan , Wu Yan , Ye Wen-Cai , Wang Lei
Published: December 2021

Six rearranged sesquiterpenoids (1–6) with four types of new polycyclic caged skeletons were isolated from Eugenia uniflora.
Extractive–oxidative desulfurization of model fuels using imidazole-based dicationic ionic liquids as extractants
Authors: Chen Ruwei , Yu Xinyi , Ye Xuran , Li Jingwen , Hu Bing
Published: December 2021

Desulfurization efficiency of bis-imidazole-based ionic liquids with different alkyl chain lengths.
One-step catalytic upgrading of bio-based furfural to γ-valerolactone actuated by coordination organophosphate–Hf polymers
Authors: Tan Jinyu , Liu Yixuan , Li Mingrui , Li Hu , Yang Song
Published: December 2021

A novel coordination organophosphate–Hf polymer with spherical porous structure, large surface area, and high Lewis/Brønsted acid density exhibits superior activity for one-pot cascade conversion of furfural to γ-valerolactone (81% yield).
Visible light-induced enhancement in the Seebeck coefficient of PEDOT:PSS composites with two-dimensional potassium poly-(heptazine imide)
Authors: Li Binrong , Yue Shizhong , Cheng Hanlin , Wu Chundu , Ouyang Jianyong
Published: December 2021

The Seebeck coefficient of the composites of PEDOT:PSS and two-dimensional poly-(heptazine imide) (KPHI) can be greatly enhanced after exposure to visible light. It is attributed to the light-induced electron transfer from KPHI to PEDOT:PSS.
FeMoO4nanospheres-based nanozymatic colorimetry for rapid and sensitive pyrophosphate detection
Authors: Yang Haoyu , Liu Zengxu , Liu Chengzhen , Zhang Yanan
Published: December 2021

A colorimetric system based on FeMoO4peroxidase mimic was established for rapid, sensitive and selective detection of PPi, which verified the feasibility huge potential in bioanalysis of the designed sensing platform.
B-Site octahedral bridge and A-site polyvalent Cu cation related electron hopping in LiCuNb3O9-based colossal permittivity materials
Authors: Gao Dandan , Xie Jiyang , Wang Jian , Hu Wanbiao
Published: December 2021

The effects of A-site polyvalent Cu cations and B-site distorted octahedra on the polaron-hopping-based perovskite LiCuNb2.95M0.05O9 (M = Mg, Ti) oxides are experimentally demonstrated.
Probabilistic power flow computation using nested point estimate method
Authors: Xiao Qing , Wu Lianghong , Chen Chaoyang
Published: December 2021

The probabilistic power flow (PPF) computation involves quantifying and propagating uncertainty over hundreds of variables. Zhao's point estimate method (PEM) has been widely used for PPF computation, and the computational burden increases linearly with respect to the number of PPF inputs. In this paper, Zhao's PEM is reformulated as the Kronecker product of Gauss‐Hermite quadrature and an identity matrix. Following this formulation, a new PEM termed Nested PEM is developed based on Hadamard matrix, which can reduce the computational burden nearly by half relative to Zhao's PEM. In order to consider the dependence among PPF inputs, the extended generalized lambda distribution (EGLD) is employed to model marginal distributions of correlated PPF inputs, and the ‐copula is introduced to map PPF problem to the independent standard normal space. Finally, case studies are conducted on a modified IEEE 118‐bus system to illustrate the proposed PEM.
Carina High-contrast Imaging Project for massive Stars (CHIPS)
Authors: Rainot A. , Reggiani M. , Sana H. , Bodensteiner J. , Absil O.
Published: December 2021

Context.Most massive stars belong to multiple systems, yet the formation process leading to such high multiplicity remains insufficiently understood. To help constrain the different formation scenarios that exist, insights into the low-mass end of the companion mass function of such stars is crucial. However, this is a challenging endeavour as (sub-)solar mass companions at angular separations (ρ) below 1″ (corresponding to 1000–3000 au in nearby young open clusters and OB associations) are difficult to detect due to the large brightness contrast with the central star.

Aims.With the Carina High-contrast Imaging Project of massive Stars (CHIPS), we aim to obtain statistically significant constraints on the presence and properties of low-mass companions around massive stars in a previously unreachable observing window (Δmag ≳ 10 atρ ≲ 1″). In the second paper of the series, we focus on the Trumpler 14 cluster, which harbours some of the youngest and most massive O-type stars in the Milky Way.

Methods.We obtained VLT-SPHERE observations of seven O-type objects in Trumpler 14 using IRDIFS_EXT mode. These provide us with a 12″ × 12″ field of view (approximately ((3 × 3)×104au) centred on each O star and allow us to search for companions at separations larger than 0″​​.15 (approx. 360 au) and down to magnitude contrast > 10 mag in the near-infrared. We used angular and spectral differential imaging along with Point Spread Function (PSF) fitting to detect sources and measure their flux relative to that of the central object. We then used grids of ATLAS9 and PHOENIX Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) atmosphere models combined with (pre-)main-sequence evolutionary tracks to estimate the mass of the detected candidate companions.

Results.We detected 211 sources with near-infrared magnitude contrast in the range of 2–12. Given the large surface number density of stars in Trumpler 14, one cannot reliably distinguish between cluster members and genuine companions for most of the detected sources. The closest companion, at only 0″​​.26, is characterised as a 1.4M⊙star with an age of 0.6 Myr, in excellent agreement with previous age estimates for Tr 14. The mass function peaks at about 0.4M⊙and presents a dearth of stars in the 0.5–0.8M⊙mass range compared to previous estimates of the initial mass function in Tr 14. While statistically significant, part of these differences may result from contamination of theK-band fluxes by circumstellar material.

Conclusions.SPHERE is clearly suitable to probe the low-mass end of the mass function in the vicinity of massive stars. Follow-up SPHERE observations to obtain the full Y to K spectral energy distribution would allow for better constraints on the masses of the detected sources, and to confirm (or invalidate) the curious mass function that we derived for low-mass stars in the vicinity of the O-type objects in Trumpler 14.
Metallicity of the globular cluster NGC 6388 based on high-resolution spectra of more than 160 giant stars
Authors: Carretta Eugenio , Bragaglia Angela
Published: December 2021

NGC 6388 is one of the most massive Galactic globular clusters (GC) and it is an old, metal-rich Galactic bulge cluster. By exploiting previous spectroscopic observations, we were able to bypass the uncertainties in membership related to the contamination from strong field stars. We present the abundance analysis of 12 new giant stars with UVES spectra and 150 giants with GIRAFFE spectra acquired at the ESO-VLT. We derived radial velocities, atmospheric parameters, and iron abundances for all the stars. When combined with the previous data, we obtained a grand total of 185 stars homogeneously analysed in NGC 6388 from high-resolution spectroscopy. The average radial velocity of the 185 stars is 81.2 ± 0.7, rms 9.4 km s−1. We obtained an average metallicity [Fe/H] = −0.480 dex, rms = 0.045 dex (35 stars), and [Fe/H] = −0.488 dex, rms = 0.040 dex (150 stars) from the UVES and GIRAFFE samples, respectively. Comparing these values to the internal errors in abundance, we excluded the presence of a significant intrinsic metallicity spread within the cluster. Since about a third of giants in NGC 6388 is claimed to belong to the ‘anomalous red giants’ in the HST pseudo-colour map defining the so-called type-II GCs, we conclude that either enhanced metallicity is not a necessary requisite to explain this classification (as also suggested by the null iron spread for NGC 362) or NGC 6388 is not a type-II globular cluster.
C60+ diffuse interstellar band correlations and environmental variations
Authors: Schlarmann Leander , Foing Bernard , Cami Jan , Fan Haoyu
Published: December 2021

Context. The diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are absorption features seen in the spectra of astronomical objects that arise in the interstellar medium. Today, more than 500 DIBs have been observed, mostly in the optical and near-infrared wavelengths. The origin of the DIBs is unclear; only ionised buckminsterfullerene, C60+, has been identified as a viable candidate for two strong and three weaker DIBs.

Aims. We investigate the correlations between the strengths of the two strongest C60+ DIBs as well as their environmental behaviour.

Methods. We analysed measurements of the strengths of the two C60+ DIBs at 9577 and 9633 Å for 26 lines of sight. We used two different methods, including Monte Carlo simulations, to study their correlations and the influence of measurement errors on the correlation coefficients. We examined how the strength of the C60+ DIBs changes as a result of different environmental conditions, as measured by the concentration of H/H2 and the strength of the ambient UV radiation.

Results. In contrast to results recently reported by Galazutdinov et al. (2021, AJ, 161, 127), we find a high correlation between the strengths of the C60+ DIBs. We also discovered that the behaviour of the correlated C60+ bands is quite distinct from other DIBs at 5780, 5797, and 6203 Å in different environments.
Revealing the influence of hyporheic water exchange on the composition and abundance of bottom-dwelling macroinvertebrates in a temperate lowland river
Authors: Grygoruk Mateusz , Szałkiewicz Ewelina , Grodzka-Łukaszewska Maria , Mirosław-Świątek Dorota , Oglęcki Paweł , Pusłowska-Tyszewska Dorota , Sinicyn Grzegorz , Okruszko Tomasz
Published: December 2021

We studied distributions and abundances of macroinvertebrates in relation to hyporheic water exchange (HWE) patterns of the upper Biebrza − a small, lowland, low dynamic European river located in Northeast Poland. On a 6-km stretch of the river; we determined the variability of water exchange in the hyporheic zone by using direct field measurements of the pressure gradient to determine groundwater–surface water interactions. We identified locations with upwelling and downwelling fluxes of HWE as well as ambiguous hydraulic contact between groundwater and surface water along the river. In these locations, we sampled bottom-dwelling macroinvertebrates. In total, 627 individuals of benthic macroinvertebrates of 34 taxa were identified. We revealed that bottom-dwelling macroinvertebrate fauna is more abundant and diverse in river stretches where water from the river infiltrates the hyporheic zone. Results also show higher taxonomic richness and abundances of benthic macroinvertebrates in stretches with diagnosed infiltrating conditions (downwelling flux in a hyporheic zone) compared to in stretches where the river drained groundwater (upwelling flux in a hyporheic zone), but the recorded differences were not statistically significant.
Static and dynamic measurements on glass panes – experimental analysis
Authors: Brodniansky Ján , Balcierák Ľuboš , Magura Martin , Brodniansky Ján
Published: December 2021

The paper presents testing of glass panels, static test and dynamic test by hard body impact. Pendulum test is presented. Test procedure is described as well as tested samples and their material characteristics. The glass type of tested samples were laminated and float glass, as well as the age of the glass samples were different.
Seismic Behaviour of Bolted and Bonded Point Fixed Laminated Glass Panels
Authors: Inca Eliana , Bedon Chiara , Jordão Sandra , Rebelo Carlos
Published: December 2021

Laminated glass panels with point fixing restraints are widely used in buildings. Although significant progress has been reached within its production and installation, a lack of standardization, and particularly, their actual load-bearing capacity and performance under seismic events is not well addressed, and is largely affected by the connection detailing and typology. The present research study explores the seismic performance of single laminated glass panels with various point fixing solutions. The characterization involves experimental set ups and numerical models.
Simulation of a vehicle passage through an individual road irregularity
Authors: Dižo Ján , Blatnický Miroslav , Melnik Rafał , Semenov Stanislav , Mikhailov Evgeny , Gasper Peter
Published: December 2021

Investigation of mechanical vibration of a vehicle is still current topic. This phenomenon effects dynamic properties of the vehicle. Mechanical vibration of vehicles during running are caused mainly due to road irregularities. Vibrations are signified as deflections of individual parts of a vehicles. Depending on deflection magnitude, they can be perceived only as slight oscillations or, in case of rough terrain and higher running speed as significant shocks leading to adverse passenger comfort, decreased driving safety and extraordinary loading of a road. The article presents a simplified way to analyse the vehicle running through a road irregularity using mathematical approach as well as results of dynamic analysis of a vehicle computational model for running through a road irregularity.
Protéger des espaces naturels : constat d’une efficience limitée et propositions pour changer de paradigme
Authors: Ronsin Gaëlle
Published: December 2021

La formulation des risques associés à l’érosion de la biodiversité prend de l’ampleur dans les champs politique et scientifique. Plusieurs évènements nationaux et internationaux en 2020 et 2021 mettent en exergue l’importance de cet enjeu via la protection de la biodiversité et des territoires dits naturels. Pourtant, les stratégies nationales ou internationales sont peu convaincantes, d’un point de vue écologique, social, politique ou juridique. Deux colloques organisés à l’automne 2020, l’un par l’Association pour l’histoire de la protection de la nature et de l’environnement, l’autre par la Fondation pour la recherche sur la biodiversité, ont permis de dresser un panorama des recherches et des problématiques actuelles, ainsi que de discuter des enjeux politiques, nationaux et internationaux, de la protection de la nature de façon interdisciplinaire.
Editorial Rheumatologie interdisziplinär
Authors: Bastian Hans , Krause Andreas
Published: December 2021

Die internistische Rheumatologie ist wie kaum ein zweites klinisches Fachgebiet
interdisziplinär angelegt. Fast täglich reichen unsere
diagnostischen Fragestellungen weit in andere Fachdisziplinen hinein.
Entzündlich-rheumatische Systemerkrankungen erfordern aber nicht nur in der
Diagnostik eine enge interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit. Auch zum Ausschluss
von Kontraindikationen unserer therapeutischen Maßnahmen, zur Diskussion der
bestmöglichen Therapie bei Koinzidenzen oder für die
Therapieüberwachung ist ein interdisziplinäres Netzwerk unabdingbar.
Darüber hinaus werden immunologische Fragestellungen von anderen
Fachrichtungen häufig an den Rheumatologen herangetragen.
Herausforderungen bei der Influenzadiagnostik in einem Schweinebetrieb – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Unterweger Christine , Debeerst Stephanie , Klingler Eva , Auer Angelika , Redlberger-Fritz Monika , Stadler Julia , Pesch Stefan , Lillie-Jaschniski Kathrin , Ladinig Andrea
Published: December 2021

In einem Jungsauenerzeugerbetrieb in Niederösterreich traten über mehrere Jahre hinweg gehäuft Atemwegserkrankungen bei Jungsauen aus Eigenremontierung nach Einstallung in die Altsauenherde auf. Im Herbst 2019 wurden zudem Fruchtbarkeitsstörungen in Form von Spätaborten und Umrauschen beobachtet. Bei der Untersuchung von Nasentupfern mittels PCR auf Influenza-A-Virus (IAV) konnte bei 3 Jungsauen mit respiratorischer Symptomatik und Fieber der IAV-Subtyp H1avN1 nachgewiesen werden. Die Untersuchung der Serumproben dieser Tiere an 2 Zeitpunkten im Abstand von 3 Wochen ergab jedoch keinen Nachweis von Antikörpern im Hämagglutinationshemmtest (HAH), der standardmäßig im Labor verwendet wurde. Auch bei der Untersuchung von Sauen weiterer Altersgruppen waren keine eindeutigen Antikörpertiter gegenüber H1avN1 detektierbar. Nach Erweiterung des diagnostischen Panels des HAH um 7 H1avN1-Testantigene konnte eine Serokonversion um bis zu 3 Titerstufen bei den PCR-positiven Sauen gegenüber 2 verschiedenen H1avN1-Isolaten gemessen werden. Darüber hinaus ließen sich auch bei der Mehrzahl der restlichen untersuchten Altersgruppen hohe Antikörpertiter gegen diese beiden H1avN1-Teststämme nachweisen. Nach Anwendung des europaweit zugelassenen trivalenten Influenzaimpfstoffs konnte das klinische Erscheinungsbild in der Herde deutlich verbessert werden. Der Fallbericht verdeutlicht, dass für eine zielgerichtete Influenzadiagnostik der direkte und der indirekte Erregernachweis kombiniert verwendet werden sollten. Zudem wurde gezeigt, dass die kontinuierliche Anpassung von Testantigenen an die im Feld zirkulierenden Isolate überaus entscheidend für die Aussagekraft des HAH wäre.
Cobalt-Catalyzed Glaser-type Homocoupling Reaction
Authors: Han Jun-Fa , Guo Peng , Ye Ke-Yin , Chen Lin
Published: December 2021

A highly efficient cobalt-catalyzed homocoupling of terminal alkynes with di-tert-butyldiaziridinone as the oxidant has been developed. The protocol tolerates a wide array of terminal alkynes, both activated and unactivated alkynes, to afford the corresponding conjugated 1,3-diynes. The mild reaction conditions further allow late-stage homocoupling of alkynes derived from complex natural products.
Toothbrush-Dentifrice Abrasion of Dental Sealants: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Sangpanya Angkhana , Fuangtharnthip Pornpoj , Nimmanon Vanida , Pachimsawat Praewpat
Published: December 2021

Objective This study sought to investigate the toothbrush-dentifrice abrasion of dental sealants.

Materials and Methods Weight loss (∆W) and depth loss (∆D) were used as abrasion indicators. Sealant samples from nine products were soaked in dentifrice slurry and abraded by using a toothbrushing machine with a brushing force of 300 g. The mean percentages of ∆W and mean values of ∆D after 24,000 and 48,000 strokes of brushing were compared by using paired t-test. A comparison of these mean values among sealant products was performed by using one-way ANOVA and multiple comparison analysis (Scheffe's test).

Results Abrasive wear was observed in all sealants. Teethmate F-1 (Kuraray Noritake, Tokyo, Japan)—a fluoride-releasing unfilled sealant—exhibited the maximum abrasive wear, with ∆W and ∆D values of 1.14% ± 0.37% and 12.84 ± 4.28 µm, respectively. Delton (Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States), a light-cured unfilled sealant, showed the minimum abrasive wear, with ∆W and ∆D values of 0.41% ± 0.09% and 2.93 ± 1.23 µm, respectively. No statistical differences were observed among unfilled sealants except when compared with Teethmate F-1. Similarly, no differences were observed when comparing among filled sealants and flowable composite.

Conclusion Abrasive wear occurred in all sealants after brushing with dentifrice. Almost all unfilled sealants showed less wear compared with both filled sealants and flowable composite. However, the low abrasive values of all sealants after brushing with dentifrice implied that there is no clinical significance to this finding.
How to Report: Hip MRI
Authors: Cheung King Kenneth , Griffith James Francis
Published: December 2021

Writing a good magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hip report requires a sound understanding of hip anatomy, imaging, and related pathologies. The structures of the hip most prone to pathology are the articular surfaces, labrum, subchondral bone, and gluteal tendons. Particular attention should be paid to abnormal hip morphology that is relatively common and can manifest as internal or external hip derangement. It is essential to appreciate and report the specific features of each pathology that carry clinical significance to aid patient management. This article is aimed at trainee radiologists and those less experienced with reporting hip MRI, focusing on the essential features to comment on and providing examples of terminology to use and MR images to illustrate these features.
How to Report: Knee MRI
Authors: Griffith James Francis
Published: December 2021

The knee is the most commonly examined joint with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and, as such, it is the joint that most trainee radiologists start reporting. This article addresses the main pathologies encountered on MRI examination of the knee, outlining the key features to note and report, as well as providing examples of terminology used to describe these findings.
Tips for Reporting Musculoskeletal Imaging Studies: Lessons Learned
Authors: Griffith James Francis
Published: December 2021

This paper is designed to be read by radiological trainees who are starting out with reporting musculoskeletal imaging studies. Based on the author's experience of over 25 years, it provides tips on how to report musculoskeletal imaging succinctly and effectively using a prose style report.
Measurement Performance of Activity Measurements with Newer Generation of Apple Watch in Wheelchair Users with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Benning Nils-Hendrik , Knaup Petra , Rupp Rüdiger
Published: December 2021

Background The level of physical activity (PA) of people with spinal cord injury (SCI) has an impact on long-term complications. Currently, PA is mostly assessed by interviews. Wearable activity trackers are promising tools to objectively measure PA under everyday conditions. The only off-the-shelf, wearable activity tracker with specific measures for wheelchair users is the Apple Watch.

Objectives This study analyzes the measurement performance of Apple Watch Series 4 for wheelchair users and compares it with an earlier generation of the device.

Methods Fifteen participants with subacute SCI during their first in-patient phase followed a test course using their wheelchair. The number of wheelchair pushes was counted manually by visual inspection and with the Apple Watch. Difference between the Apple Watch and the rater was analyzed with mean absolute percent error (MAPE) and a Bland–Altman plot. To compare the measurement error of Series 4 and an older generation of the device a t-test was calculated using data for Series 1 from a former study.

Results The average of differences was 12.33 pushes (n = 15), whereas participants pushed the wheelchair 138.4 times on average (range 86–271 pushes). The range of difference and the Bland–Altman plot indicate an overestimation by Apple Watch. MAPE is 9.20% and the t-test, testing for an effect of Series 4 on the percentage of error compared with Series 1, was significant with p < 0.05.

Conclusion Series 4 shows a significant improvement in measurement performance compared with Series 1. Series 4 can be considered as a promising data source to capture the number of wheelchair pushes on even grounds. Future research should analyze the long-term measurement performance during everyday conditions of Series 4.
A non-equilibrium dissociation and vibrational relaxation model for computational fluid dynamics simulations of flows with shock waves
Authors: Gorbachev Yuriy , Kunova Olga , Shoev Georgy
Published: December 2021

Gasdynamic equations describing a vibrationally non-equilibrium flow of a chemically reacting binary mixture A2/A are derived within the previously proposed general approach of solving the Boltzmann equation. The obtained equations differ from the traditional ones in their expressions for the reaction and relaxation rates. Aiming to obtain analytical expressions for these rates, a cutoff harmonic oscillator model for the vibrational spectrum of A2 molecules and dissociation from the highest vibrational level are assumed. The equation for the dissociation rate describes two different dissociation regimes, determined by the dissociation rate constant at “low” temperatures and by the vibrational energy exchange rate constants at “high” temperatures, since it is limited by the vibrational energy delivery to the highest vibrational levels. A parameter for determining the appropriate regime is proposed. The derived expressions for the reaction and relaxation rates are used in computations of O2/O and N2/N mixture flows. A comparison of our results with the numerical and experimental data of other authors shows that the model used for the reaction and relaxation rates calculation should be refined, at least by considering anharmonicity effects.
Enhancement of knife-edge interferometry for edge topography characterization
Authors: Wang Zhikun , Chun Heebum , Lee ChaBum
Published: December 2021

This paper introduces an optical measurement technique to enhance knife-edge interferometry (KEI) for edge topography characterization with a high resolution by shaping a beam of light incident on the sharp edge. The enhanced KEI forms spherical wavelets as a new light source by focusing a beam before the sharp edge by using an objective lens, and those wavelets interfere with the secondary wavelets diffracted at the sharp edge along the propagation direction. Unlike a conventional KEI that is limited to low spatial resolution due to a relatively large beam diameter, the enhanced KEI can increase the fringe spatial frequency and produce more data necessary for fringe analysis toward edge topography characterization. Edge samples with various edge conditions were used for validation. As a result, the enhanced KEI improved the resolution of edge topography characterization compared to the conventional KEI. This study has the potential to be utilized in high-resolution optical microscopy for edge topography characterization.
Estimating the power injection proportion of the plasma jet generator based on the measured enthalpy
Authors: Wang Yuan , Li Xiaoping , Liu Donglin , Liu Yanming
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the developed plasma jet generator is to study the effect of jet plasma on electromagnetic wave propagation, simulating the plasma sheath environment encountered during space vehicle reentry. Because the temperature and velocity of the plasma jet are high, it is difficult to measure temperature and electron density by the contact method. In addition to the normal flow of the entire apparatus, high-power magnetic field energy (generated by the power supply) is injected into the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) generation region. The energy of the magnetic field excites the gas and generates plasma. In this paper, the whole apparatus is calculated numerically, the energy term is added to the corresponding area of ICP, and the enthalpy distribution of the whole apparatus is calculated. The heat flux and total pressure are measured by slug calorimeter (heat flux probe) and total pressure probe, and then, the enthalpy is obtained. When the calculated enthalpy is consistent with the measured enthalpy, the value of the energy term in the numerical calculation process is the injected energy value. The ratio of the energy injected into the ICP region to the total energy provided by the power supply is the power injection proportion. The power injection proportion of the apparatus in this paper obtained by the above method is between 25% and 30%.
A high temperature cell for investigating interfacial structure on the molecular scale in molten salt/alloy systems
Authors: Browning James F. , Seo Joohyun , Wenzel John F. , Veith Gabriel M. , Doucet Mathieu , Ivanov Alexander S. , Halstenberg Phillip , Lynn Gary , Dai Sheng
Published: December 2021

In this work, we describe the design and development of an in situ neutron reflectometry cell for high temperature investigations of structural changes occurring at the interface between inorganic salts, in their molten state up to 800 °C, and corrosion resistant alloys or other surfaces. In the cell, a molten salt is confined by an annular ring of single crystal sapphire constrained between the sample substrate and a sapphire plate using two gold O-rings, enclosing a liquid salt volume of 20 ml, along with a dynamic cell volume to accommodate expansion of the liquid with heating. As a test case for the cell, we report on an in situ neutron reflectometry measurement of the interface between a eutectic salt mixture of MgCl2–KCl (32:68 molar ratio) and a single crystal sapphire substrate at 450 °C, resulting in the formation of a 60 Å layer having a scattering length density of 1.72 × 10−6 Å−2. While the origin of this layer is uncertain, it is likely to have resulted from the salt reacting with an existing impurity layer on the sapphire substrate.
The effect of the conductance enhancement system based on capacitance deionization on the electromagnetic efficiency of the superconducting MHD thruster
Authors: Cao Qiangqiang , Wang Zhaohui , Fan Yiwei , Cheng Ziqiang
Published: December 2021

To address the problem of low flux density generated by superconducting magnets and the onerous cooling system in existing superconducting magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) thrusters, which leads to overall low thrust efficiency of MHD thrusters, a capacitive deionization based conductivity enhancement system is designed, and the performance of the conductivity enhancement system is quantitatively analyzed to provide a new technical direction for the conductivity control of the spiral channel. In addition, the relationship between the performance index of the thruster and the conductivity was investigated. The results showed that the conductivity, electromagnetic force, thruster, and electromagnetic efficiency were increased by 54%, 54.5%, 56.8%, and 19%, respectively, when the ion concentration in the spiral channel reached 1.38 mol L−1 during the ion release phase of the porous electrode. The adsorption concentration of the porous electrode increased with increasing loading voltage and porous electrode thickness and decreased with increasing inlet velocity.
A new thermo-desorption laser-heating setup for studying noble gas diffusion and release from materials at high temperatures
Authors: Horlait Denis , Faure Rémi , Thomas Bertrand A. , Devert Nicolas , Amany Marie-Lyne , Carlot Gaëlle , Gilabert Éric
Published: December 2021

A new heating and gas treatment line for Thermo-Desorption Spectrometry (TDS) of noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) is presented. It was built with the primary objective to offer advanced temperature controls and capabilities while working in a cold environment. By choosing a high-power continuous wave laser as the heating source and using a proportional–integral–derivative controller system, TDS of noble gases can now be performed with fast and highly steady heating ramps (e.g., less than 1 °C deviation from the set point for ≤1 °C s−1 ramps). Sample temperature over 2000 °C can also routinely be reached, with limited heating of the sample support and the sample chamber, offering the possibility to have several samples awaiting in the ultra-high vacuum chamber. We also present the development efforts made to increase temperature homogeneity of the heated sample while limiting the contact with the sample holder. Recent results acquired with this TDS setup on krypton thermal diffusion in uranium dioxide (UO2) as a function of O2 additions are also presented as an application example.