bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structuration de l’espace autour des lieux sacrés de la ville d’Abomey au Sud-Bénin
Authors: MENSAH Gildas K. S. , AROUNA Ousséni , DJAOUGA Mama , SOGBOSSI Erick , TOKO IMOROU Ismaïla
Published: May 2022

Les patrimoines naturels, historiques et culturels constituent des éléments importants de la ville d’Abomey. L’objectif de la présente recherche est d’analyser la proximité des lieux sacrés par rapport aux infrastructures sociocommunautaires de la ville d’Abomey. La cartographie constitue l’approche méthodologique utilisée. L’indice de Moran a été utilisé pour évaluer la dépendance entre les lieux sacrés. On note une indépendance spatiale entre les lieux sacrés au seuil de 5 %. De 100 à 300 m autour des palais, les espaces non bâtis ont augmenté de 39,79 % alors que l’espace occupé par les agglomérations s’est réduit de 34,48 %. Par ailleurs, on note entre 300 et 500 m une diminution de 52,46 % de l’occupation spatiale des espaces non bâtis et une expansion spatiale des agglomérations de 49,17 %. Autour des temples entre 100 à 500 m, le taux d’occupation spatiale des agglomérations a diminué de 15,42 % et celui des espaces non bâtis a augmenté de 13,48 %. Par contre, l’occupation spatiale des espaces non bâtis autour des places sacrées dans un rayon de 100 à 300 m a augmenté de 3,23 % et la superficie des agglomérations s’est réduite de 3,94 %. Dans le rayon de 300 et 500 m, on enregistre une diminution de 2,45 % de la superficie des espaces non bâtis et une expansion des agglomérations de 1,74 %. La structure de l’espace montre que les agglomérations et les espaces non bâtis ont les forts taux d’occupation spatiale autour des lieux sacrés.

The natural, historical and cultural heritages are important elements of the city of Abomey. The aim of this research is to analyze the proximity of sacred places to the socio-community infrastructures of the city of Abomey. The mapping is the methodological approach used. The Moran index was used to evaluate the dependence between sacred places. There is spatial independence between sacred places at the 5 % threshold. The structure of the space shows that settlements and unbuilt areas have high rates of space cover. From 100 to 300 m around the palaces, the unbuilt space increases by 39.79 % while the space occupied by settlements decreases by 34.48 %. Moreover, between 300 and 500 m, there is a decrease of 52.46 % in the spatial cover of unbuilt space and a spatial expansion of urban areas by 49.17 %. Around the temples between 100 and 500 m, the spatial cover of urban areas decreased by 15.42 % and that of unbuilt spaces increased by 13.48 %. In contrast, the spatial cover of undeveloped areas around sacred places within 100-300 m increased by 3.23% and the area of urban areas decreased by 3.94 %. Within the 300 and 500 m radius, there was a 2.45 % decrease in the area of unbuilt space and a 1.74% expansion of settlements. The structure of the space shows that settlements and open spaces have the highest rates of spatial occupation around sacred places.
Opinion Article - Sustainable harvests of edible forest mushrooms: perspectives and paradigms in the Anthropocene
Authors: Pilz David
Published: May 2022

The process of ensuring the sustainable harvest of edible forest mushrooms is described as a subset or example of the type of perspectives and paradigms that are needed for humanity to restore our home planet and live harmoniously with its biomes.
Pressure fluctuations associated with thunderstorms
Authors: ASNANI G. C.
Published: May 2022

Based on certain plausible assumptions, a formula is derived to give a. quantitative estimate of quasi-static perturbation pressure associated with the thunderstorm "high". This shows a theoretical possibility a though not a theoretical necessity of a severe hailstorm being accompanied by a pressure "dip". A few actual cases are quoted in qualitative support of this theoretical result.
A premonsoon thunderstorm with tornadic characteristics at Calcutta
Authors: SEN S. N. , GUPTA J. R. SEN
Published: May 2022

The unusual damage caused by a thundersquall with some tornadic characteristics, which passed over the southern parts of Calcutta on 21 May 1959 are described. The autographic charts at Calcutta (Alipore and Dum Dum) are presented and their special features discussed. The barogram at Alipore recorded pronounced “pumping" during passage of the thundersquall over the station. The sequences of development of thunderstorm with squalls from NW IN at first over the northern parts of Calcutta (Barrackpore and Dum Dum) followed by fresh thundersquall from the southwest which caused severe damage over localised area in south Calcutta, are discussed with reference to the synoptic situation and relevant observations recorded at Barrackpore, Dum Dum and Alipore.
Unexpected thunderstorms over East Uttar Pradesh On the night of 11-18 February 1960
Authors: ASNANI G. C.
Published: May 2022

At 00 GMT of 18 February 1960, 3 out of 5 stations in east Uttar Pradesh reported Thunderstorms either as “present” or as “past” weather.  The synoptic situation at 12 GMT of 17 February 1960 gave little prior indication of such thunderstorm activity.  A few interesting features of the synoptic situation and of the relevant tephigrams are discussed.
A radar study of premonsoon thunderstorms (Nor'westers) over Gangetic West Bengal
Authors: DE A. C. , SEN S. N.
Published: May 2022

Development of premonsoon thunderstorms around Calcutta during 1955 and 1959 has been studied with the help of a high-powered storm detecting radar with P.P.I., R.H.I. and 'A' scopes at Dum Dum airport (Calcutta). The location' and type of the initial formation of the radar echoes and their subsequent development into line-type echoes and directions of movement have been discussed, the characteristics of the thundersqualls which reached Dum Dum have also been studied in relation to the corresponding radar observations and results so obtained have been summarised. Stronger squalls are apparently produced from Ob clouds with greater vertical growth.
On super-refraction after the passage of a thunderstorm
Authors: MATHUR L. S. , KULSHRESTHA S. M.
Published: May 2022

A situation is described when the 3.2 cm high power radar at Safdarjung showed unusual ground coverage due to super-refraction near the earth’s surface.  It occurred after the passage of a frontal thunderstorm.  Super-refraction is generally associated with stability in the atmosphere.  A case is discussed in which super-refraction occurred in an atmosphere which sustained thunderstorm activity.
A radar study of the development and movement of thunderstorms in the vicinity of Madras In the monsoon season
Authors: RAO D. VENKATESWARA , RAGHAVAN S. , SOUNDARARAJAN K.
Published: May 2022

A study has been made of the favoured sectors and ranges at which thunderstorms developed around Madras during monsoon months (June-September) in 1959, with the help of a storm detecting radar, Decca Type 41.  The favoured times of their formation as well as the speed and direction of movement have been examined.  The relevant features observed are discussed in the paper.
Vertical growth and decay of convective cloud cells and associated precipitation rates at different levels
Authors: MURTY Bh. V. RAMANA , BISWAS K. R.
Published: May 2022

Study, using radar, has been made of history of growth and decay, in the vertical of convective rain cells around Delhi, and of associated variations in liquid water concentration of rate of precipitation release at different heights as judged from echo intensity measurements.  Data relating to three such situations, typifying respectively rain from (a) warm, (b) moderately cold and (c) very tall and highly supercooled (as in a severe thunderstorm) convective cloud are presented in the paper.  One common feature noticed, namely, that the rise of fall in precipitation rate at each level, follows closely a similar trend in variation of height of radar cloud top, needs to be given detailed consideration on the basis of suitable model of distribution of vertical currents within such a cell.  Some tentative considerations have been given to this aspect of the problem.
Thunderstorm rain vs steady precipitation from layer type clouds, as judged by study of raindrop sizes
Authors: SRIVASTAVA R. C. , KAPOOR R. K.
Published: May 2022

Quantitatively reliable estimate by radar of precipitation intensity at a distance requires a critical prior study being made of drop size distribution in rain of various kinds and at different phases of rain fall. Observation in this regard have been made in two distinct types of radar synoptic situations-one associated predominantly with widespread continuous and relatively steady precipitation from cold stratiform clouds, and the other in which rain of a showery and more temporary and localised character occurs chiefly from very tall and highly superooled clouds as in a thunderstorm.  Some of the distinguishing features of drop size distribution and associated parameters, such as median volume diameter, total space concentration of drops, and radar reflectivity in the two situations are presented and discussed in the paper.
A statistical study of thunderstorm activity over Agartala airfield
Authors: GUPTA H. N. , CHORGHADE S. L.
Published: May 2022

The results of a study of thunderstorm activity over Agartala airfield based on data for the years 1957 to 1959 have been presented in this paper, There are, on the average, 105 days of thundery conditions per year when about 126 thunderstorms occur, These thunderstorms are often associated with severe squalls and, on a few occasions, with hail.  The thundery activity over Agartala airfield begins perceptibly in February, gradually attains a maximum in May and June, subsides only slightly during the monsoon months and suddenly shoots up to a much higher maximum in September to dwindle gradually by the end of October, Occurrence and persistence over long duration of thunderstorms on a large number of days during monsoon months constitute an interesting feature of the weather at Agartala.  Monthly frequencies of thunderstorms, their duration, their prevalence during various hours of the day, and percentage of rainfall associated with thunderstorms are also discussed.
Studies of raindrop size characteristics in different types of tropical rain using a simple raindrop recorder
Authors: SIVARAMAKRISHNAN M. V.
Published: May 2022

The paper describes an easily constructed raindrop recorder for obtaining a continuous record  of the time of occurrence, duration and range of raindrop sizes of all types of rain (thunderstorm, showers, and continuous type of rain). The important meteorological parameters such as liquid water content W, intensity of rainfall R’, size distribution of raindrops for all types of rain ND, radar reflectivity Z can all be obtained from the recorder. Regression equations connecting the intensity of rainfall with the various rainfall parameter have been developed and compared with the findings of other investigators all over the world. A brief description of a suitable rain receiver, tilting bucket raingauge is also given for determining the intensity of rainfall at minute intervals for various types of rain from a continuous photographic record. It is shown, in agreement with results obtained by Blanchard (1953) and Atlas and Chmela (1957) that the rain intensity corresponding to most size spectra can be represented by a uniform collection of drops with size equal to the median volume diameter Do.  The study clearly shows that any two of the four raindrop size parameters R', Z, W, Do fix the other two. The physical basis for the Z-R' correlation for different types of rainfall are explained using Bartnoff and Atlas's equation (1951). The presence or absence or appreciable electric charge in rain helps to find out whether the rain is from freezing or non-freezing clouds.
Solar insolation curves
Authors: RAO K. R. , SESHADRI T. N.
Published: May 2022

Curves for the variations in the intensity of direct solar radiation, incident at sea level on a surface normal to the sun’s rays, with solar altitudes for different water vapour and dust contents of the atmosphere are given in this paper.  These curves facilitate easy computations of the solar insolation for any conditions of atmosphere and situation, on clear days.

 

Calculations carried out using these curves compare well with the observed values generally.
Some cases of clear air turbulence
Authors: SRINIVASAN V.
Published: May 2022

In accordance with the ICAO recommen-dation for collection of data on turbu-lence, India Meteorological Department is supplying along with the flight forecast folder, blank turbulence report forms to the comman-ders of all aircraft flying above 3.0-km level. Recently a few cases of turbulence in clear air were reported to the Meteorological Office at Dum Dum (Calcutta).
Raadar studies of rain with special reference to initial release of precipitation in clouds over Poona
Authors: MANI ANNA , VENKITESHWARAN S. P.
Published: May 2022

The temperature at which the first precipi-tation echo appears on radar-scope and the thickness of the cloud at the time are con-sidered to be an indication of the nature of the processes involved in the initial release of precipitation in clouds. Several workers in the United States, Australia and England have tried to analyse the evidence of first precipitation radar echoes in their study, of the contribution of ice-crystal and coales-cence processes to the formation of rain. Most of these observations have, however, been made in the extra-tropical regions, Koteswaram and De (1959) have recently reported radar observations of first precipita-tion echoes over Calcutta.
Some observation of melting band in radar precipitation echoes at Poona
Authors: GUPTA B. K. , MANI ANNA , VENKITESHWARAN S. P.
Published: May 2022

The melting band is a phenomenon fre-quently observed in radar echoes from wide-spread steady precipitation. It appears as a narrow band of intense echo in the vicinity of the 0°C level, separating a relatively steady echo obtained from the snow above the melting region and a rapidly fluctuating echo of often rather greater intensity from the rain below. It has also been observed in the dissipating stages of thunderstorms. The appearance of the melting band was first explained by Ryde (1946) to arise from the coalescence and melting of snowflakes near the 0°C level. Austin and Bemis (1950) and Browne (1952) have modified Ryde's theory to include factors such as the aggregation of snowflakes near the melting region, vertical draughts and variation of the radar pulse-length.
Variability of Upper Winds over India
Authors: KRISHNAN A. , PANT P. S. , ANANTHAKRISHNAN R.
Published: May 2022

Information about the normal upper winds as well as their variability with respect to direction and speed are useful factors for aviators.  Based on normal upper winds at the pibal stations in India and neighbourhood, the steadiness factor and the standard vector deviation have been computed at selected levels for four typical months, January, April, July and October.  Charts depicting these parameters have been prepared and the results discussed.
The origin of Electric Charge carried by Thunderstorm Rain in the Tropics
Authors: SIVARAMAKRISHNAN M. V.
Published: May 2022

A detailed study of the electricity carried by thunderstorm rain has been made at the Poona Meteorological Office, during four years 1955-1958. The study consists in considering the three stages in the life history of raindrops, namely, (I) the growth of the drop within the cloud and the possible acquisition of electric charges, (2) the period of free fall below the cloud with the possible modification of charge of rain by capture point discharge ions as per theories advanced by Whipple and Chalmers and (3) the arrival at the ground With the possible effects of splashing at the ground. It is concluded that the electricity of thunderstorm rain is not always due to any single process of generation of charge, and that several factors such as the impact of ice crystals, the breaking of drops, as per theories advanced by Simpson and Scrase, the Wilson mechanism the effect of lightning discharge, may operate together to determine what shall be the sign of the charge thunderstorm rain when it reaches the ground. It is also proved that charging of the rain due to splashing at the surface does not occur, as the rain receiver is suitably shielded to avoid splashing.
Role of Pressure Tendencies in Forecasting Rainfall
Authors: BANERJI S. , KUNDU T. K.
Published: May 2022

Change of pressure at a place is a direct result of convergence with associated vertical transport fair and advection of air at that place. Pressure changes due to advection alone would be large and could not account for the pressure tendencies ordinalily noticed. If the pressure changes of order ordinarily noticed are due to convergence, then a direct confirmation of the same may be obtained by a study of pressure tendencies in the field of monsoon depression, the rainfall in which issupposed to be due mostly to convergence.  This aspect has been studies vis-à-vis short duration pressure tendencies.
A study of pre-monsoon thunderstorms in Central parts of India
Authors: BANERJEE A. K.
Published: May 2022

The distribution of average rainfall in a thunderstorm field over central parts of India during the pre-monsoon period (March to May) has been analysed from two different angles.  The average distribution of thunderstorms, hailstorms and associated rainfall inside the moist sector in a potential thunderstorm field have also been presented in the paper.  The data of all the observatories, including the hydromet observatories, situated in Madhya Pradesh and Vidarbha for the period 1951-57 have been utilised for this study.
Local Variations of rainfall at Delhi
Authors: AGARWALA K. S.
Published: May 2022

In this paper the results of analysis of the mean monthly rainfall recorded at four observatories, (1) Safdarjung Airport, (2) Lodi Road, (3) Palam Airport and (4) Delhi University, during the year 1956-59 have been given and discussed.
Evaporation from the top layers of soil
Authors: JOHN P. T.
Published: May 2022

Unless the soil is very dry volume diffusion calculated from the vapour pressure gradient does not account for all the water transfer observed.  Hence it is concluded that in addition to volume transfer there is surface transfer in the top layers of soil.
The seismic Lg waves and their propagation along the granitic layer of the crust of Indian Sub-Continent
Authors: SAHA B. P.
Published: May 2022

Guided or channel waves of the Lg type were observed in Colaba seismcgrams due to an earthquake and its, aftershock originating in Nepal, Similar observations are also available from another earth-quake having its origin in Assam-Bhutan border.  No such waves were, however, recorded by similar seismographs at Shillong and Madras.  They are also absent in the records of Quetta (Pakistan) seismographs having different characteristics. Lg waves are also absent in the records of the shocks criginating in the zones to the north of the Himalayas, The geological significance of the existence and non-existence of Lg waves in earthquake records is discussed. Similarity between ordinary microseisms of 4 to 10 seconds periods is also considered and an explanation has also been suggested why microseisms could propagate through the ocean bottom while the Lg waves are completely deleted during its passage through the oceanic path. The well defined Lg and Rg phase in records of the Assam-Bhutan border shock probably goes to show the importance of the focus in the granitic layer for the generation of this type of guided waves.
The use of the Bellani Spherical Pyranometer for the measurement of total solar radiation
Authors: HARIHARAN P. S.
Published: May 2022

The measurement of the total short-wave radiation falling from the sun, the sky and the surroundings on freely exposed objects, such as a plant, is of special interest in biology, bioclimatology and agricultural meteorology since radiation plays an im-portant part in controlling the growth features and physiological processes in plants like photosynthesis, photoperiod-ism etc. There are several instruments for the measurement of solar radiation. However, for use at agricultural farms, the important prerequisites of an instru-ment are simplicity of operation and main-tenance, low cost and acceptable accuracy. The commonly used instruments for the measurement of solar radiation at radiation stations are the Angstrom pyrheliometer for the measurement of instantaneous values and the Moll-Gorczynski solarimeter, the Eppley pyrbeliometer, Robitzsch bime-tallic actinograph and the Bellani spherical pyranometer for the measurement of in-tegrated values of radiation.
Very fast moving radar echoes as observed CPS-9 Radar
Authors: KULSHRESTHA S. M. , SHARMA B. L.
Published: May 2022

In this study, a few instances of very rapidly moving radar echoes, as observed on the CPS-9 Radar at Safdarjung (New Delhi), are presented and discussed in the light of available observations and existing theories.  It has been shown that these echoes-apparently moving at speeds of more than 200 mph-cannot be due to radar returns from aircrafts or from birds.  It has been concluded that these were in fact cases of radarscope misinterpretation; the radar beam at each successive rotation encountering a different blob in almost the same azimuth and range, and thus giving the impression that the successive echoes were due to the same radar object flying across the scope at a terrific speed of hundreds of miles per hour.
An Electronic Multi-channel Counter-type Time Interval Meter for Mass Calibration of Chronometric Radiosonde
Authors: MITRA H. , BHATTAOHARYA H. S. , NATH T.
Published: May 2022

An electronic equipment for mass calibration of chronometric radiosonde has been described. Instead of measuring the linear displacements recorded on the chart, the reference contact of the radiosonde has been utilized to open an electronic gate and the element contact to close it. The duration of the gate is measured by pulses derived from a standard oscillator. Three gates are employed for each radiosonde, one each for pressure, temperature and humidity. Compact and versatile and with 72 channels, the equipment is capable of calibrating 24 radiosondes at a time, saving manpower and spaoe.
Radio refractive index structure over northern India and its synoptic variation
Authors: MAHESHWARI R. C.
Published: May 2022

Synoptic distribution of radio refractive index over northern India and its variation in association with some winter systems have been studied. Analysis in case of one particular system is presented. It is noted that the refractive index shows a systematic variation with the passage of the systems and can be utilized as a synoptic parameter. Mean sea level chart of refractive index and its distribution on standard isobaric surfaces might probably be used for forecasting atleast qualitatively, the conditions of V.H.F. propagation over northern India.
A stability index for thunderstorm forecasting over Delhi
Authors: BASU AMAL
Published: May 2022

Showalter (1953) developed an objective method for forecasting of thunderstorms by the use of "Stability Index" derived from local radiosonde data. Tripathi (1956) and Joseph (1957) tried to investigate the application of this method in the forecasting of thunderstorms over Poona and Madras respectively and found the method to be reasonably useful. Their findings were based on one radiosonde as-cent a day, viz., that of 1500 GMT, and the same was correlated with the occurrence or otherwise of thunderstorm during the next 24 hours. The changes in the upper air temperature and humidity conditions within the next 24-hour period and prior to the occurrence or otherwise of thunderstorm had obviously to be ignored in those studies. Since then two radiosonde ascents daily at 00 and 12 GMT have been introduced at a number of stations in India, and in this note an attempt has been made to find out by utilising data of two radiosonde ascents a day, as to what extent Showalter's "Stability Index" method could be applied with success in the forecasting of thunderstorm over Delhi during the premonsoon months (April, May and June).
Radar Echoes from a winter thunderstorm at Bombay
Authors: SIKDAR D. N. , DATAR S. V. , SIRCAR N. C. RAI
Published: May 2022

Thunderstorms at Bombay during winter months are rather an unusual phenomenon. The city and its suburbs experienced two spells of thunderstorms on 5 February 1961. The first spell lasted from 2120 GMT (0250 1ST) to 0119 GMT while the second spell lasted from 0500 to 0600 GMT. During the past 15 years, Bombay had thunderstorms only on one more occasion in this month, viz., February 1954. The weather on 5 February 1961 occurred in association with a western disturbance which was located over southwest Rajasthan, Kutch and Saurashtra on the morning of 4th. The disturbance moved away eastwards, causing fairly widespread thunderstorms in the northern and central parts of the country. Arrangements were made to take radar photographs of the thunderstorm cells over Bombay at short intervals and these photographs are discussed in this note.
Hot Weather Angels associated with High Level Temperature Inversions
Authors: KULSHRESTHA S. M.
Published: May 2022

During the hot weather months (April to June), the CPS-9 radar installed at Safdarjung Airport, New Delhi, has been recording angel echoes having certain peculiar characteristics; the most important amongst them being the apparent association of the angel activity with an upper level temperature inversion or an isothermal layer between 6 to 11 km above ground. Examples of this type of angel activity, observed on seven different dates spread over a three-year period (1958 to 1960) are presented and their characteristics discussed in this paper. Their apparent association with high level temperature inversion is also explained.
Lunar and Solar Geomagnetic Tides in the Geomagnetic Equatorial Region- III Geomagnetic Tidal Variations at Apia
Authors: RAO K. S. RAJA , THOMAS A. T.
Published: May 2022

With a view to find out the characteristics of lunar and solar geomagnetic tides in the low latitude region in the southern hemisphere, the geomagnetic data of Apia have analysed, The seasonal variation in the amplitudes and phages of the lunar and solar geomagnetic tides have boon studied. These variations are compared with the variations at Alibag, and at Huancayo, Comparison with the latter indicates geomagnetic control of the L and S variations.
Predispostion of the Upper Air Structure in March to May over India to the subsequent Monsoon Rainfall of the Peninsula
Authors: JAGANNATHAN P. , KHANDEKAR M. L.
Published: May 2022

In search of new factors for foreshadowing, monsoon rainfall in the Indian Peninsula, radiosonde data of various stations in India have been tried. High correlation coefficients between contour heights at certain stations and Peninsula rainfall series have enabled us to choose a number of useful factors. Regression equations have been worked out using suitable combinations of these factors. The closeness of the estimates obtained with the help of these regression formulae, to the actual rainfall values suggests the potentialities of these factors as forecasting tools.
Diurnal variation of Atmospheric Electric Potential Gradient at Colaba (Bombay) examined for the Universal Component and relationship with meteorological elements
Authors: YACOB A.
Published: May 2022

The atmospheric electric potential gradient (P.G.) data of Colaba (Bombay) are averaged over the period 1936 to 1955 to obtain the mean diurnal variation for the different months of the year. The diurnal variations are regular and for large amplitude only for the winter months of November to February. The diurnal variations for these months are harmonically analysed to see if the universal component of the diurnal variation found for the ocean areas as well as some land stations by Mauchly (1923), is manifested in the variations at Colaba. The phase of the 24-hourwave is found to differ from that found by Mauchly by 5 to 10 hours. It is concluded that

the universal component of the diurnal variation in P .G .does not readily manifest itself at Colaba.

 

The relationships between diurnal variation of P .G. and those of the meteorological elements, barometric pressure, air temperature and relative humidity are next examined. The statistical correlation coefficient between P.G. and barometric pressure variations is +0.71, that between P.G. and air temperature variations -0.67 and the value between P.G. and relative humidity is +0.57.

 

A confirmation of the relationships is sought for in the phase relationships of the significant harmonic components of the diurnal variations of P .G. and the meteorological elements for the winter months. For the P .G. diurnal variation both the 24:hour wave and the 12-hour wave are almost equally significant. For barometric {16a) pressure it is the 12-hour component which is significant, while the 24-hour components predominate in the diurnal variations of air temperature and relative humidity. It is found that the 12-hour waves of P.G. and barometric pressure variations are very nearly in phase. The 24-hour waves of P.G. and air temperature are in antiphase while

those of P.G. and relative humidity are nearly in phase.

 

Assuming the electrical state of the atmosphere to be in quasi-static eqnilibrium an attempt is made to examine possible ways by which meteorological elements can influence P.G.
On a destructive hailstorm in Gormi area of Bhind district on 30 October 1961
Authors: SWAMINATHAN D. R.
Published: May 2022

According to press reports, a hailstorm of severe intensity followed by heavy downpour of rain, hit badly about 45 villages in the area between Phopha and Gormi on the banks of the river Kllrai in Bhind district of Gwalior Division in Madhya Pradesh, at 1630 IST on 30 October 1961. In that destructive hailstorm which lashed for about one hour, hailstones of the size of small pebbles were reported to have killed 12 persons and injured 97 seriously, while 700 to 1000 heads of cattle were also reported to have perished. Further the storm was reported to have caused extensive damage to standing Kharif crops over an area of about 4000 acres and the loss was estimated  to be about rupees 20 lakhs.
Squalls at Begumpet
Authors: RAMAMURTY K.
Published: May 2022

Begumpet (Lat. 17°27' N, Long. 78°28'E) is an important aerodrome in the aviation map of India. Main aviation hazards here during the pre-monsoon and monsoon periods include thunderstorm activity with associated surface squalls. A study of the features of the surface squalls during the year is made in this paper, with the aid of the anemo-grams and barograms of Begumpet. This study is made more or less on the lines of Ra,makrislman(1957).
Heights of base and top and thickness of Tropical Clouds
Authors: RAO D. VENKATESWARA
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT, The heights of base and top of all genera of high and medium clouds and of thunderclouds from 1215 reports by Comet Jet Airliners over India and neighbourhood during the years 1952 and 1953 have been analysed. The mean heights and extremes are given and their seasonal variation discussed. High clouds have their bases most frequently between 30,000 to 45,000 ft with a mean height of36,000 ft much higher than 24,000 ft, a value computed by earlier workers from pilot balloon data. The tops of high clouds may extend up to 5;0,000 ft but most of the high-clouds are only 2000 ft or less in thickness. Medium clouds occur in three separate and distinct -layers with bases at l2000, 20,000 and 25,000 ft. The thickness of there layers decreased with increasing height of base. The tops of medium clouds never extended above 30,000 ft without transformation of the cloud into the cirriform type. The tops of medium clouds are thus much higher than the mean upper level of 20,000 ft, which is given in Cloud Atlases. The mean vertical height of thunderclouds is 40,000 ft which compares with a similar value of 37,000ft for U. S. A. Thunderclouds go up to 50 to 55 thousand feet and are much higher than the presumed 30 to 40 thousand feet. The larger height pf monsoon thunderclouds is attributable to entrainment of air, which is warmer in monsoon than in other seasons:-One out of every ten thunderstorms appears to have a multicellular structure, which is ascribable to frictional drag and horizontal diffusion of momentum.
On “Isobaric divergences” in Nor’wester situations over Gangetic West Bengal and neighbourhood
Authors: BOSE B.L.
Published: May 2022

On “Isobaric divergences” in Nor’wester situations over Gangetic West Bengal and neighbourhood
Use of Tephigrams in the prediction of radiation fog
Authors: CHAKRAVORTTY K.C.
Published: May 2022

Use of Tephigrams in the prediction of radiation fog
Thunderstorm at Srinagar
Authors: BHAN S.N.
Published: May 2022

Thunderstorm at Srinagar
The Manipur-Burrna border Earthquake of 22 March 1954
Authors: TANDON A. N. , MUKHERJEE S. M.
Published: May 2022

A study of the Manipur-Burma earthquake of 22 March 1954, which was felt over a large part of Eastern India and neighbourhood, has been made using data from allover the world The epicentre has been found as 24°,38N, Long, 95°,15 E and the origin time as 23 h 42 m 12.5 s GMT, The depth of focus using four methods has been calculated as 180:J: 10 km, An isoseismal map has been drawn from macroseismic information collected from India, Burma, East Pakistan and Lhasa. From the direction of first motion, as recorded at different Indian and extra-Indian observatories, the direction of faulting has been determined and discussed, Records of aocelerographs at Shillong and Chatra show that the numbers 6 and 4 of the Modified Mercalli scale of intensity at these places correspond to the recorded maximum (horizontal) accelerations of 5 cm sec-2 and 2 cm sec-2 respectively. These correspond to the minimum acceleration of the ranges as determined by United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from accelerograph data collected during 1930-41.
A note on the vertical structure of a few disturbances of the bay of bengal
Authors: SIRCAR N.C. RAI
Published: May 2022

A note on the vertical structure of a few disturbances of the bay of bengal
Sea-breeze at Ahmedabad
Authors: SAJNANI P. P.
Published: May 2022

It is found that summer months at Ahmedabad are marked by the arrival, of sea breeze from, the Gulf of Cambay (abbut50 miles to the south) during the evening hours. The occurrence of sea-breeze is more frequent and its effect more pronounced in the months of May and June. A few statistical data relating to this sea breeze are given in this paper.
Zonal wind circulation and vertical temperature distribution along the Indian longitudes during the monsoon and winter seasons
Authors: MOOLEY D. A.
Published: May 2022

The study is based on all the available wind and temperature data, for 1944-49. Sections of geostrophic .zonal wind and temperature and of observed zonal winds have been prepared, Frequencies of strong winds (speed 70 knots or more) along the section have been worked out for the different latitudes, The chief features of the monsoon sections are-(i) Generally small latitudinal temperature variation upto 300-mb level and an appreciable variation at 2000mb and 150-mb levels in Madras-Nagpur and Nagpur-Jodhpur sectors (ii) Strong easterly winds south of 15°N at 14 km and above, The chief features of the winter sections are-(i) An appreciable latitudinal temperature gradient between Poona and Peshawar upto 400-mb level and reversal of gradient above 200-mb level as observed by others (ii) Strongest zonal (west) windne~r23°N and a secondary wind maximum apparently near 30oN and '(iii) A fairly high frequency of strong winds between 2loand 31 oN" From a consideration of the frequency of high winds a well-marked jet south of 20°N seems unlikely" A comparative study of the various mean sections indicates that during winter, jets in the northern hemisphere are found over a much wider latitudinal belt than in the southern hemisphere and during summer, the westerly jets in northern hemisphere are much weaker than those in the southern hemisphere.
A method of telemetering chronometric radiosonde data Through rawin channel
Authors: MATHUR L S. , DHAR N. C. , BHATTACHARYA H.S.
Published: May 2022

The paper describes a method of telemetering chronometric radiosonde data on the F-M channel of the receiver of the radio theodolite. A squegging oscillator is used in conjunction with the chronometric radiosonde to obtain F-M signals from the 400 Mcs rawin transmitter at each contact of the meteorologically sencitive pens with the contacting helix of the radiosonde. With the ground-based rawin receiver an auxiliary electronic unit is used to work the radiosonde recorder, whenever the F-M signals are picked up by the radio-theodolite receiver. The details of the balloon borne unit and auxiliary equipment are also described.
Two spells of rainfall of unusually high intensity at Nagpur in June 1954
Authors: ANANTHAKRISHNAN R. , RAJAGOPALAN K.S.V.
Published: May 2022

Two spells of rainfall of unusually high intensity at Nagpur in June 1954
A climatological study of storms and depressions in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: SIRCAR N.C. RAI
Published: May 2022

A climatological study of storms and depressions in the Bay of Bengal
The F-type Rawinsonde
Authors: RAMACHANDRAN S. , MANI ANNA
Published: May 2022

The F-type Rawinsonde
Flowering of wheat in relation to air temperature
Authors: MALLIK A.K. , SUBRAMANIAN V.K.
Published: May 2022

Flowering of wheat in relation to air temperature
Effects of off-shore vortices on rainfall along the west coast of India
Authors: GEORGE P.A.
Published: May 2022

Information and dissipation of small scale circulations and vortices take place incessantly along the west coast of India, during the monsoon season. Some of these vortices are found to develop into significant shape and size and make noteworthy contributions towards rainfall along the west coast. The occurrence of rainfall relatively heavier over the coastal stations away from the ghats than over sections close to the ghats is not an uncommon feature. This peculiar distribution of rainfall is found to occur under the influence of off shore vortices,

 

These vortices are of the order of 30 to 100 miles in horizontal extent, They generally move northwards parallel to the ghats,' The variations, of surface winds experienced at the stations provided with autographic records reveal that there are a few significant, points connected with all well-developed vortices, and that the rain fall associated with a vortex is usually heaviest between the 'core' region and the 'confluent' region of the vortex.
On evaporation from the Indian Ocean
Authors: VENKATESWARAN S.V.
Published: May 2022

The problem of evaporation from the oceans is briefly reviewed. Seasonal charts of evaporation are presented .for the Indian Ocean area; Combining these charts, with the precipitation charts of Jacobs, the main sources of moisture-supply to the atmosphere in this area are located. From a knowledge of Bowen’s ratio, computations are made of the relative magnitudes of the sensible heat (enthalpy) and the total convective heat-energy lost by the sea- surface to the atmosphere, These computations confirm that the main mode of, energy-transfer in the region of the trades is in the form of latent heat. A comparative discussion is given of the available estimates of the excess of evaporation over precipitation between the latitudes 40oN and 40°8. The question of how far quantitative determinations of the mass-circulation of the trade wind cell and the toroidal and eddy-fluxes of water-vapour across its high-latitude boundaries can provide an independent aerological check on such estimates is examined.
A study in spacial and frequency distribution of daily rainfall in relation to network of rain recording stations
Authors: HARIHARAN P.S.
Published: May 2022

A study in spacial and frequency distribution of daily rainfall in relation to network of rain recording stations
Snowfall at Srinagar (1939-1953)
Authors: BHAN S.N.
Published: May 2022

Snowfall at Srinagar (1939-1953)
A note on the Hot days of Bombay (1878-1955)
Authors: NATARAJAN K.K.
Published: May 2022

A note on the Hot days of Bombay (1878-1955)
Thay đổi thực hành chăm sóc dinh dưỡng của bà mẹ có con 6-24 tháng mắc nhiễm khuẩn hô hấp cấp tính tại Bệnh viện Nhi Nam Định năm 2020
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Lý , Đinh Thị Thu Huyền , Hoàng Thị Vân Lan
Published: May 2022

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá sự thay đổi thực hành của bà mẹ về chăm sóc dinh dưỡng cho trẻ 6 - 24 tháng tuổi mắc nhiễm khuẩn hô hấp cấp tính điều trị tại bệnh viện Nhi tỉnh Nam Định sau can thiệp giáo dục sức khỏe.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: đối tượng nghiên cứu là 75 bà mẹ có con từ 6-24 tháng tuổi mắc nhiễm khuẩn hô hấp cấp tính tại bệnh viện Nhi tỉnh Nam Định, thiết kế nghiên cứu can thiệp bán thực nghiệm.
Kết quả:  Điểm trung bình thực hành trước can thiệp là 5,8 ± 2,1 và sau can thiệp đã tăng lên thành 8,3 ± 1,9, sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê (t = 3,2; p <0,05). %). Đã có sự thay đổi đáng kể trước và sau can thiệp, tỷ lệ bà mẹ đã tăng số lượng thức ăn 1 bữa cho trẻ (22,7% - 58,7% sau can thiệp) và thực hành cho trẻ ăn thêm hoa quả (38,7%-72), tuy nhiên can thiệp có hạn chế là mới chỉ cải thiện một phần nhỏ hoạt động cho trẻ ăn loãng hơn của bà mẹ (9,3%- 12%). Nghiên cứu đã cho thấy hiệu quả của can thiệp giáo dục sức khỏe đã cải thiện đáng kể thực hành chăm sóc dinh dưỡng của bà mẹ từ đó trẻ nhiễm khuẩn hô hấp cấp tính được chăm sóc dinh dưỡng tốt hơn.
Kết luận: Sau khi can thiệp bằng giáo dục sức khỏe, thực hành chăm sóc dinh dưỡng của bà mẹ có con 6 - 24 tháng đã tăng lên, thực hành mức độ đạt tăng từ 57,3% trước can thiệp lên 80% sau can thiệp.
Thực trạng chất lượng cuộc sống của người bệnh suy thận mạn lọc máu chu kỳ tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa tỉnh Nam Định năm 2021
Authors: Đặng Thị Hân , Trịnh Văn Tuyền , Đỗ Thị Tuyết Mai , Nguyễn Thị Lý , Nguyễn Văn Cao
Published: May 2022

Mục tiêu: Mô tả thực trạng chất lượng cuộc sống của người bệnh suy thận mạn lọc máu chu kỳ tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa tỉnh Nam Định năm 2021.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang được thực hiện trên 53 người bệnh suy thận mạn lọc máu chu kỳ tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa tỉnh Nam Định.
Kết quả: Điểm trung bình chất lượng cuộc sống SF36 là 31,45 ± 9,86. Điểm trung bình các vấn đề bệnh thận là 45,92 ± 7,98. Điểm chất lượng cuộc sống chung là 38,68 ± 7,57.
Kết luận: Chất lượng cuộc sống của người bệnh trong phạm vi nghiên cứu tương đối thấp.
Thay đổi chất lượng cuộc sống ở người bệnh suy tim mạn được áp dụng phương pháp tập thở cơ hoành tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 108
Authors: Trần Thị Mai Liên , Đỗ Văn Chiến
Published: May 2022

Mục tiêu: Mô tả thực trạng chất lượng cuộc sống của người bệnh suy tim mạn và đánh giá sự thay đổi chất lượng cuộc sống sau áp dụng phương pháp tập thở cơ hoành tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 108 năm 2021.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu can thiệp một nhóm, có so sánh trước – sau trên 45 bệnh nhân suy tim mạn đang được quản lý và điều trị tại khoa Nội Tim mạch, Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 108 trong thời gian từ tháng 10/2020 đến hết tháng 03/2021.
Kết quả: Tỷ lệ bệnh nhân có chất lượng cuộc sống ở mức trung bình (40%), thấp (33,3%) và rất thấp (24,4%), mức cao chỉ đạt 2,2% và không có bệnh nhân đạt mức rất cao. Chất lượng cuộc sống của nữ có suy tim thấp hơn nam ở tất cả các khía cạnh. Ở tất cả các khía cạnh trong thang điểm EQ-5D-3L đều cho thấy có sự cải thiện chất lượng cuộc sống ở cả 2 thời điểm sau can thiệp 1 tháng và 3 tháng. Sau 1 tháng, chỉ có 1/5 khía cạnh (Sự đi lại) có sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê, còn sau 3 tháng là 3/5 khía cạnh (Sự đi lại, tự chăm sóc và đau/khó chịu).
Kết luận: Chất lượng cuộc sống trong tất cả các khía cạnh của bệnh nhân suy tim mạn tính đều giảm. Sau tập thở cơ hoành, chất lượng cuộc sống của bệnh nhân tăng lên đáng kể theo thang điểm đánh giá CLCS EQ- 5D-5L. Bài tập có thể áp dụng vào thực hành lâm sàng ở những đơn vị có điều trị bệnh nhân suy tim mạn.
Kiến thức và thực hành tự chăm sóc bàn chân của người bệnh đái tháo đường điều trị ngoại trú tại Bệnh viện Thanh Nhàn năm 2021
Authors: Vũ Phương Anh , Nguyễn Thị Nguyệt
Published: May 2022

Mục tiêu: Mô tả kiến thức và thực hành tự chăm sóc bàn chân và xác định một số yếu tố liên quan của người bệnh đái tháo đường điều trị ngoại trú tại bệnh viện Thanh Nhàn năm 2021.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 153 người bệnh đái tháo đường type 2 tại Bệnh viện Thanh Nhàn- Hà Nội trong thời gian từ tháng 8 năm 2021 đến tháng 10 năm 2021.
Kết quả: Điểm trung bình kiến thức là 15,4 ± 3,83, trong đó người bệnh có mức độ kiến thức kém chiếm 15,0%, mức độ kiến thức trung bình chiếm 16,3% và mức độ kiến thức tốt chiếm 68,6%. Điểm trung bình thực hành chăm sóc bàn chân của người bệnh là 72,7 ± 12,2 với những người bệnh có điểm thực hành được loại ở mức kém chiếm 6,5%, trung bình chiếm 79,1%, và thực hành tốt/đúng chỉ chiếm 14,4%. Kết quả phân tích mối tương quan chỉ ra rằng kiến thức và thời gian phát hiện bệnh có mối tương quan với thực hành tự chăm sóc bàn chân với các giá trị tương ứng r=0,45 với p<0,001 và r=-0,23 với p<0,01.
Kết luận: Nghiên cứu chỉ ra phần lớn người bệnh có kiến thức tốt về tự chăm sóc bàn chân, tuy nhiên về thực hành tự chăm sóc bàn chân của người bệnh chỉ được đánh giá ở mức trung bình chiếm phần lớn. Điều dưỡng có thể cung cấp các chương trình tư vấn giáo dục sức khoẻ dựa vào các yếu tố liên quan để nâng cao năng lực tự chăm sóc bàn chân của người bệnh đái tháo đường.
THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, QUALITY OF HUMAN RESOURCES, AND THE MOTIVATION TO THE EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE IN THE CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION CLASS IIA OF BATAM WITH THE WORK DISCIPLINE OF INTERVENING
Authors: Setiawan Imam , Satriawan Bambang , Indrayani Indrayani , Khaddafi Muammar
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this research is to analyse the influence of organizational culture variables, human resource quality and performance motivation against work discipline as a intervening variable. The research object was conducted at the Correctional Institution class IIA of Batam City. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of organizational culture to employee performance, influence of human resource quality to employee performance, influence of work discipline on employee performance, organizational culture influence, human resource quality and motivation to employee performance through work discipline, as well as knowing greater where direct influence than indirect influence between organizational culture to performance through work discipline, quality of human resources to performance through working discipline and motivation to performance through work discipline. Respondents in this study amounted to 30 employees and the analytical models used in this study were descriptive analysis, and multiple linear regression analyses with the SPSS for Windows 20.0 program. The results of this study show that organizational culture has a positive and significant influence on employee work discipline. The quality of human resources has a positive and insignificant effect on employee work discipline. Motivation has a negative and insignificant effect on employee work discipline. Organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The quality of human resources has a negative and insignificant effect on employee performance. Human motivation has a positive and insignificant effect on employee performance. Work discipline has a negative and insignificant effect on employee performance.