bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polymorphism of monotropic forms: relationships between thermochemical and structural characteristics
Authors: Perlovich German , Surov Artem
Published: January 2020

In this work, a database containing thermochemical and structural information about 208 monotropic polymorphic forms has been created and analyzed. Most of the identified compounds (77 cases) have been found to have two polymorphs, 14 compounds have three forms and there are only three examples of systems with four polymorphs. The analysis of density distribution within the database has revealed that only 62 out of 114 metastable polymorphs (referred to as group I) obey the `density rule' proposed by Burger and Ramberger [(1979), Mikrochim. Acta, 72, 259–271], while the remaining 45% of the monotropic systems (group II) violate the rule. A number of physicochemical, structural and molecular descriptors have been used to find and highlight the differences between group I and group II of the polymorphs. Group II is characterized (on average) by higher values of descriptors, which are responsible for conformational flexibility of molecules. An algorithm has been proposed for carrying out bivariate statistical analysis. It implies partitioning the database into structurally related clusters based on Tanimoto similarity coefficients and subsequent analysis of each cluster in terms of the number of hydrogen bonds per molecule.
Kamal Youbi: a knack for startups
Authors: Chaker Fadwa , Aaminou Mohamed Wail
Published: January 2020

Supplementary materials

Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Learning outcomes

Discover first-hand entrepreneurship facets in Africa through a real-lived story; and identify key success factors for entrepreneurship in emerging countries.

Case overview/synopsis

The case describes the main entrepreneurial milestones of a young Moroccan entrepreneur. By telling his success stories and his failures, the challenges he stumbled over and how he quickly got on his feet after each fall. The case ends with a description of the creation process and evolution of MyAppConverter®, a highly innovative startup, describes the huge potential of the firm and the main difficulties faced by the founders. With limited financial resources, the associates need to quickly detect the misfunctioning part of the business model and get it fixed before the crucial pitch they are making at the end of the month before world leading investors.

Complexity academic level

Bachelor in business administration.

Subject code

CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
The influence of disorderly environment on consumers’ reference for boundaries
Authors: Du Weiyu , Fang Di , Ye Yang , Qiu Sainan
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of disorderly environment on consumers’ preferences for boundaries and the mediating effect of personal control in this process.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors examined hypotheses in two studies. In Study 1, the authors measured environmental orderliness, preference for boundaries and other control variables like positive and negative emotions. In Study 2, the authors primed participants’ concept of environmental orderliness and measured personal control as well as the same variables in Study 1.

Findings

Consumers in disorderly environments prefer bounded logos more compared to those in orderly environments. Personal control mediates the effect of chaotic physical environment on the preference for boundaries. Compared with the counterparts in the orderly environment, consumers in the disorderly environment have a lack of personal control, thus giving the preference to logos with boundaries.

Research limitations/implications

This paper discusses the mechanism of the process that the disorderly environment triggers the individual’s preference for bounded design, which enriches the research related to physical environment in the field of consumer behavior. However, it fails to examine the influence of disorderly environment on the preference for real bounded products and did not discuss the invisible boundary.

Originality/value

The impact of the disorderly environment on consumers’ boundary preferences, which the research focuses on, has further deepened the understanding of the boundaries, and to some extent, the authors filled the research gap in this field.
Alleviating knowledge contribution loafing among engineering designers by ethical leadership: the role of knowledge-based psychological ownership and emotion regulation strategies
Authors: Sun Hui , Zhang Lianying , Meng Junna
Published: January 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to examine how ethical leadership alleviates knowledge contribution loafing among engineering designers through the mediating effect of knowledge-based psychological ownership and the moderating effect of emotion regulation strategies.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts a questionnaire survey to obtain 344 valid sample from engineering designers and uses partial least squares-structural equation modeling to analyze data.

Findings

The results demonstrate that ethical leadership is a key factor to alleviate knowledge contribution loafing. Knowledge-based psychological ownership is a main factor causing knowledge contribution loafing and mediates the influence of ethical leadership on knowledge contribution loafing. Furthermore, cognitive reappraisal (a response-focused emotion regulation strategy) moderates the relationship between ethical leadership and knowledge contribution loafing, and the effect of ethical leadership on knowledge contribution loafing is stronger when cognitive reappraisal is high.

Practical implications

Engineering design organizations may inspire ethical leadership and pay attention to psychological state of designers. Leaders may help designers overcome knowledge-based psychological ownership by the influence of ethical leadership. During the process of knowledge interaction, designers may adopt cognitive reappraisal strategy consciously.

Originality/value

This study addresses the knowledge gap that ethical leadership affects knowledge contribution loafing with knowledge-based psychological ownership as the intermediary. This study also advances the literature on leadership and emotion regulation and extends the scope of social learning theory in knowledge management domain through examining the moderate role of emotion regulation strategies.
Research watch: what really helps recovery in relation to severe mental health difficulties?
Authors: Holttum Sue
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine three recent papers on mental health services and how they support recovery following a diagnosis of a severe mental health condition.

Design/methodology/approach

A search was carried out for recent papers on mental health and recovery. The author selected three papers that seemed to advance understanding of not only whether, but also how recovery of a meaningful life may be best supported in mental health services.

Findings

One paper suggested how staff were able to support service users’ personal goals and focus on recovery in acute inpatient settings, and what got in the way. The author suggests practical ways to address the barriers. A second paper reported the testing of a new model for supporting staff in primary and secondary care to work together so that service users with a diagnosis of bipolar or schizophrenia were better supported to work towards valued goals. A third paper reviewed 40 studies of how people can experience positive change after a first diagnosis of psychosis, and how change happened.

Originality/value

By studying the issues in detail, all three papers show how improved support for recovery and inclusion can be implemented against the backdrop of many years of service shortcomings.
Future studies, mental health and the question of citizenship
Authors: Morgan Phil , Brannelly Tula , Eales Sarah
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the value of utilising future studies to explore citizenship for people with mental health challenges.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper critiques the discipline of future studies and considers it in the context of the citizenship and mental health literature. It explores how future studies can be utilised to promote marginalised voices, such as those of people with mental health challenges.

Findings

Technology is leading to rapid change in society including what it means to be a citizen (Isin and Nielsen, 2008; Isin and Ruppert, 2015). Whilst citizenship has been promoted within mental health for a long time, change has been slow (Rowe and Davidson, 2016). In order to create inclusive opportunities for people with mental health challenges, any focus on citizenship in mental health needs to not only address the present time but to anticipate and influence future technological directions.

Originality/value

This paper is original in bringing together mental health and the future impact on society of new technologies. It stands to offer a new perspective to discussions on citizenship.
Intermetallic growth kinetics in gold ball bonds on Al-1%Si-0.5%Cu bond pads at 175∘C
Authors: Breach Christopher
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that isothermal intermetallic growth data for gold ball bonds can be non-parabolic with explanations of why deviation from parabolic kinetics may occur.

Design/methodology/approach

Intermetallic thickness measurements were made at the centre of cross-sectioned ball bonds that were isothermally annealed at 175°C. Intermetallic growth kinetics were modelled with a power law expression(x(t) − x0)2 = α1tα2. The parameters of the power law model were obtained by transformation of the response and explanatory variables followed by data fitting using simple linear regression (SLR).

Findings

Ball bonds made with 4 N (99.99%Au) and 3 N (99.9%Au) gold wires exhibited two consecutive time regimes of intermetallic growth denoted Regime I and Regime II. Regime I was characterised by reactive diffusion between the gold wire and the aluminium alloy bond pad, during which Al was completely consumed in the formation of Au–Al intermetallics with non-parabolic kinetics. In Regime II, the absence of a free supply of Al to sustain intermetallic growth led to the conclusion that thickening of intermetallics was caused by phase transformation of Au8Al3 to Au4Al. Ball bonds made with 2 N (99%Au) wire also exhibited non-parabolic kinetics in Regime I and negligible intermetallic thickening in Regime II.

Research limitations/implications

The analysis of intermetallic growth is limited to total intermetallic growth at a single temperature (175°C).

Originality/value

The value of this study lies in showing that the assumption that only parabolic intermetallic growth is observed in isothermally aged gold ball bonds is incorrect. Furthermore there is no need to assume parabolic growth kinetics because with an appropriate data transformation, followed by fitting the data to a power law model using SLR and with the use of statistical diagnostics, both the suitability of the kinetic model and the nature of the growth kinetics (parabolic or non-parabolic) can be determined.
Prevalence of illicit substance use among patients presenting to the emergency department with acute behavioural disturbance: Rapid point‐of‐care saliva screening
Authors: Gerdtz Marie , Yap Celene YL , Daniel Cathy , Knott Jonathan C , Kelly Peter , Braitberg George
Published: January 2020

Objective

To determine the prevalence of illicit substance use among patients presenting to one ED with acute behavioural disturbance using point‐of‐care saliva testing.

Methods

A prospective observational study was conducted. Acute behavioural disturbance was defined as any episode requiring a security response for unarmed threat (Code Grey). The setting was a single ED and tertiary referral centre located in metropolitan Australia. Participants were adults presenting to the ED requiring a Code Grey. Saliva was analysed for meth/amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opiates using a rapid point‐of‐care test. Self‐reported drug use was recorded at the time of saliva testing. Data collection occurred between August 2016 and March 2017.

Results

There were 229 valid saliva samples. Participants were, on average, 35 years (range 18–72) and male (168/229; 73%). Forty percent (95% confidence interval 34–47) of samples tested positive, with 20% positive for two or more substances. Meth/amphetamines was detected in 92% of positive samples, 17% of samples tested positive for opiates, 8% for cannabis and 7% for cocaine. Among participants, 19% self‐reported current substance use and 20% reported using illicit substances within the past 24 h.

Conclusions

The prevalence of illicit substance use among this cohort was 40%. Self‐reporting was unreliable. Point‐of‐care saliva testing is feasible. Early identification of harmful drug use may assist clinical decision making in selected or undifferentiated cases and provide an opportunity to implement harm minimisation strategies and make referrals.
Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy: Experience from an Australian tertiary centre
Authors: Drever Natalie , Bertolone Julia , Shawki Marwan , Janssens Sarah
Published: January 2020

Background

Despite the rising incidence of caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP), as yet there are no consensus or evidence‐based guidelines for management.

Aims

To review diagnosis, treatment and management of all women with CSP over a 5 year period at Mater Mothers’ Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.

Materials and methods

Retrospective cohort study of CSP between 2013–2018. Data reviewed included demographics, presenting symptoms, gestational age, ultrasound findings, human chorionic gonadotrophin levels, treatment success, complications, and if available, subsequent pregnancy outcomes.

Results

Twenty‐eight women were treated for CSP during the study period. Initial diagnosis was delayed in ten (36%). Overall success rates of initial treatment were 22/28 (79%). Of the six cases of failed treatment, five had been treated with systemic methotrexate alone. All women requiring further intervention had fetal pole present, and 50% had fetal cardiac activity. Failure rate of systemic methotrexate alone was 5/11 (45%). Eleven women deemed appropriate for conservative management did not require further treatment or experience complications. Nine women had data available for subsequent pregnancies, of whom two developed placenta accreta.

Conclusion

This study provides data that may assist in guideline development and decision‐making for management of CSP. Conservative management in carefully selected women appeared to be safe. Nearly half of women treated with systemic methotrexate alone required another treatment modality, suggesting a role for intralesional treatment, particularly in the presence of fetal pole ± fetal cardiac activity. More than one in five women with documented subsequent pregnancies were diagnosed with placenta accreta.
Relation between stockperson behavior toward cows in a holding area and milk yields
Authors: Saito Haruka , Seo Tetsuya
Published: January 2020

To assess the effects of negative and positive behaviors on milk yields, this study examined the attitudes and behaviors of stockpersons toward their cows and milk yields at a farm where 15 workers milked 67 cows as rotating shift work. At a holding area when moving cows to the parlor, stockperson behaviors were observed at 34 milkings. Behaviors were classified as negative (NEG) or positive (POS): NEG were attempts to move cows using touching (NT), vocalization (NV), and gestures (NG); POS were communications without attempting to move cows, consisting of touch (PT) or vocalization (PV). Numbers of NV and NEG were negatively correlated with milk yields of first parity (p < .05). Average milk yields of first parity and all cows were higher when PT were observed (p < .001, p < .0001) and POS were observed (p < .001 and p < .0001). Numbers of PT were positively correlated with milk yields of first parity (p < .05). Average milk yields of second parity were higher when PV was observed (p < .01). Positive behaviors, especially touching, are related to higher herd milk yields. Negative behaviors such as negative vocalizations are related to lower yields of younger cows.
Characteristic features of porcine endogenous retroviruses in Vietnamese native pigs
Authors: Ishihara Shinya , Dang‐Nguyen Thanh Q. , Kikuchi Kazuhiro , Arakawa Aisaku , Mikawa Satoshi , Osaki Makoto , Otoi Takeshige , Luu Quang Minh , Nguyen Thanh Son , Taniguchi Masaaki
Published: January 2020

We aimed to clarify the genomic characteristics of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) in Vietnamese native pig (VnP) breeds. First, we investigated genetic polymorphisms in β‐ and γ‐like PERVs, and we then measured the copy numbers of infectious γ‐like PERVs (PERV‐A, B, and C). We purified genomic DNA from 15 VnP breeds from 12 regions all over the country and three Western pig breeds as controls, and investigated genetic polymorphisms in all known PERVs, including the beta (β)1–4 and gamma (γ)1–5 groups. PERVs of β1, β2, β3, and γ4 were highly polymorphic with VnP‐specific haplotypes. We did not identify genetic polymorphisms in β4, γ1, or γ2 PERVs. We then applied a real‐time polymerase chain reaction–based method to estimate copy numbers of the gag, pol, and env genes of γ1 PERVs (defined as A, B, and C). VnP breeds showed significantly lower copy number of the PERV genes compared with the Western pig breeds (on average, 16.2 and 35.7 copies, respectively, p < .05). Two VnP breeds showed significantly higher copy number compared with the other VnPs (p < .05). Our results elucidated that VnPs have specific haplotypes and a low copy number of PERV genes.
The role of creativity in the context of academic entrepreneurship
Authors: Kalar Barbara
Published: January 2020

The aim of this paper is to provide an insight into the role of creativity in the context of academic entrepreneurship. To move beyond prior research, we aim to explain the relationship between academics' perceptions of university departments being entrepreneurially oriented and their engagement in entrepreneurial academic activity by including a third variable, a mediator, namely the individual's creative self‐efficacy. Based on structural equation modelling, the results of this study reveal that it is not enough just to be entrepreneurially oriented for one's university department to engage in entrepreneurial academic activity, but academics have to believe and be confident in their own ability to be creative. Indeed, this study indicates the importance of encouraging creativity and innovation for creative potential to be realized as creative output resulting in the academics' engagement in entrepreneurial activities. Based on our analysis of two samples of academics from two European countries, the research implications are discussed.
Investment Strategies in Supplier Development under Capacity and Demand Uncertainty
Authors: Golmohammadi Amirmohsen , Hassini Elkafi
Published: January 2020

We study joint investment by a buyer and a supplier in improving the supplier's capacity using a Stackelberg game model. We analyze both buyer‐led and supplier‐led situations. We show that in both cases the players have an opportunistic behavior toward investment. In the buyer‐led game, when the buyer finds the supplier motivated enough to invest, he avoids any direct contribution on capacity improvement. In this situation, the buyer follows an order inflation strategy to increase the investment of the supplier. However, when the supplier does not show the desire to make enough investment, the buyer will engage in direct investment in the supplier's capacity. We showed that although the order inflation strategy increases the buyer's optimal order quantity, it does not coordinate the supply chain. Also, in the case that the buyer is forced to share the investment costs with the supplier, he relies less on order inflation strategy. In the supplier‐led game, we demonstrated that the buyer has no motivation to use order inflation strategy. In the case that the supplier is the only investor, the buyer‐led game results in a higher profit for the buyer, supplier, and the supply chain. Finally, we looked at two extensions where the supplier is penalized for unsatisfied demand and the buyer uses an order‐postponement strategy.
Economic incentives for the Frankish conquest of Saxony
Authors: Landon Christopher
Published: January 2020

Contrary to received scholarly wisdom, this article argues that the Frankish conquest of Saxony under Charlemagne in the late eighth and early ninth centuries was driven in no small part by the pursuit of material wealth. Specifically, most scholars have viewed pre‐conquest Saxony as too materially impoverished for economic incentives to have played a significant role in Frankish expansion into the lands between the Rhine and the Elbe. However, a thorough review of the written and archaeological evidence suggests that Saxony had much to offer its Carolingian conquerors in the form of plunder and tribute, land and mineral resources, revenue from royal and ecclesiastical renders and taxation, and access to and control of trade routes.
Examining Web Images: A Combined Visual Analysis (CVA) Approach
Authors: Pritchard Katrina
Published: January 2020

In this methodological paper I set out a framework for Combined Visual Analysis (CVA), bringing together compositional, reflexive and semiotic analysis. I explain how CVA was applied in a research project exploring the visual repertoire of human resource management (HRM). I describe each stage in detail, consider how research practice is instrumental in shaping research outcomes and reflexively explore the challenges encountered. The CVA framework provides a research protocol for those working with (in visual analytic terms) large numbers of pre‐existing images. It offers an approach that enables breadth and depth, while maintaining a qualitative focus on the images themselves.
Effects of silodosin and tadalafil on bladder dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats: Possible role of bladder blood flow
Authors: Nagao Yoshiki , Shimizu Shogo , Kurabayashi Atsushi , Shimizu Takahiro , Tsuda Masayuki , Higashi Youichirou , Fujieda Mikiya , Saito Motoaki
Published: January 2020

Objectives

To investigate the effects of an alpha1‐adrenoceptor antagonist, silodosin, or a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, tadalafil, on bladder overactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Methods

Twelve‐week‐old male spontaneously hypertensive rats were perorally administered silodosin (100 µg/kg), tadalafil (2 or 10 mg/kg) or vehicle once daily for 6 weeks. Wistar rats were used as normotensive controls and were treated with the vehicle. At 18‐weeks‐old, the effects of silodosin or tadalafil on blood pressure, bladder blood flow, urodynamic parameters (i.e. micturition frequency, urine output, inter‐contraction interval, maximum voiding pressure, single voided volume and post‐voiding residual urine volume), and bladder tissue levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha were measured.

Results

A significant increase in blood pressure, micturition frequency and bladder tissue levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha was noted in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The single voided volume, bladder capacity and bladder blood flow were significantly lower in the spontaneously hypertensive rats than in the Wistar rats. Treatment with silodosin and the higher dose of tadalafil improved the urodynamic parameters, bladder blood flow and bladder tissue levels of malondialdehyde in the spontaneously hypertensive rats without affecting the blood pressure and bladder tissue levels of interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha.

Conclusions

Treatment with silodosin or tadalafil might improve hypertension‐related bladder overactivity, as shown in spontaneously hypertensive rats through an improvement in the bladder blood flow and bladder tissue levels of oxidative stress.
Lattice structure and microwave dielectric properties of La[Al1−x(Mg0.5Ti0.5)x]O3 (x = 0‐0.2)‐based ceramics
Authors: Fan Jun , Zhao Qing , Du Kang , Wang Fei , Wang Xiao‐Hong , Lu Wen‐Zhong , Lei Wen
Published: January 2020

La[Al1−x(Mg0.5Ti0.5)x]O3 (LAMT, x = 0‐0.2) ceramics were synthesized by the conventional solid‐state reaction method and formed a solid solution. The pure solid solutions were recorded by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) in every range. Relative permittivity (εr) and structural stability were greatly affected because the Al3+ site was replaced by [Mg0.5Ti0.5]3+. The total ionic polarizability gradually increased with x, and εr gradually increased. The trend of τf is due to the change in structural stability. The variation in Q × f value increased firstly and then decreased due to the change in the symmetric stretching mode of Al/MgTi–O. The optimum microwave dielectric properties of LAMT were obtained at x of 0.1 after sintering at 1650°C for 5 hours, and εr = 24.9, Q × f = 79 956 GHz, and τf = −33 ppm/°C. The CaTiO3 have a large positive τf (+800 ppm/°C), thus, the τf achieved near zero when CaTiO3 and LAMT (x = 0.1) ceramics were mixed with a certain molar mass, and the optimum microwave dielectric properties of 0.65CaTiO3–0.35LaAl0.9(Mg0.5Ti0.5)0.1O3 were as follows: εr = 44.6, Q × f = 32 057 GHz, and τf = +2 ppm/°C.
Group‐based guilt and shame in the context of intergroup conflict: The role of beliefs and meta‐beliefs about group malleability
Authors: Weiss‐Klayman Noa , Hameiri Boaz , Halperin Eran
Published: January 2020

Group‐based guilt and shame are part of a wide range of moral emotions in intergroup conflicts. These emotions can potentially motivate group members to make compromises in order to promote conflict resolution, and increase support for reparations and apologies following moral transgressions committed by the in‐group. Thus, it is important to understand how to induce these emotions and the mechanisms for their effects. In the present paper, we examined the mechanisms underlying group‐based guilt and shame in four studies. Across the first three studies, conducted in the context of the Israeli‐Palestinian conflict, we found that group‐based guilt was mostly predicted by individuals’ implicit theories about groups (ITG). Specifically, we found that the more participants believed that groups are malleable, the more they experienced group‐based guilt. Group‐based shame, however, was found to be dependent upon individuals’ perception of other people’s perceptions about the malleability of groups (i.e., meta‐ITG), as the perceived damage to one’s in‐group image is a major component in experiencing shame. In Study 4, conducted in the context of gender relations, we differentiated between the two components of shame, that is, moral and image shame. As predicted, while group‐based guilt and moral shame showed similar patterns of results, meta‐ITG had a moderating effect on the association between ITG and group‐based image shame. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed in relation to promoting intergroup conflict resolution and reconciliation.
Editorial: From risk prediction to action: leveraging electronic health records to improve pediatric population mental health
Authors: Kollins Scott H.
Published: January 2020

The identification of child, family, and other environmental factors that confer risk for poor developmental outcomes has long been a major theme in child and adolescent psychopathology research. Over the past 6 decades, the Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry has seen an exponential increase in articles that have included the search term ‘risk prediction’, with 17 such works appearing in the 1960s and 930 occurring in the 2010s. Indeed, the current issue of JCPP continues this trend with a number of high‐quality studies that in some capacity seek to predict poor child and adolescent outcomes on the basis of variables that can be measured earlier in development.
Effect of rearing Cactoblastis cactorum on an artificial diet on the behaviour of Apanteles opuntiarum
Authors: Varone Laura , Mengoni Goñalons Carolina , Faltlhauser Ana C. , Guala Mariel E. , Wolaver Danielle , Srivastava Mrittunjai , Hight Stephen D.
Published: January 2020

Cactoblastis cactorum's unintended arrival to Florida and its expansion in North America represent a threat to Opuntia‐based agriculture and natural ecosystems in the United States and Mexico. Apanteles opuntiarum attacks C. cactorum and is a potential biocontrol agent due to its specificity, wide distribution and occurrence. Laboratory rearing methods using excised cladodes for C. cactorum as host larvae of A. opuntiarum were developed, but require a continuous supply of cactus with a risk of microorganisms compromising the rearing. Host cues —including odour of host metabolic subproducts like faeces and chemicals emitted by the attacked plant— are the most important signals that help a parasitoid locate a host. Little attention has been paid to behavioural differences of parasitoids in the presence of hosts reared on artificial diet. Thus, the aims of the present work were to determine the effect of meridic diet for C. cactorum on parasitoid behaviour and to determine whether prior experience (previous exposure to stimuli) influences the response of A. opuntiarum towards hosts. Parasitism rates were assessed using cladodes or meridic diet as larvae food source. Behavioural experiments also evaluated the effect of prior experience (larvae or frass from larvae fed on cactus or diet) on host searching, encounter and attack of different stimulus (larvae or frass from larvae fed on cactus or diet). Parasitism behaviour of A. opuntiarum was negatively affected by the use of meridic diet to feed host larvae. Presenting parasitoids with larvae rather than their frass influenced excitatory behavioural responses in terms of contact, probing and stinging in A. opuntiarum females, whereas the effect of prior experience on the behaviours was not quite consistent. For laboratory mass‐rearing procedures of A. opuntiarum, we recommend previous contact of females with frass from cactus‐fed larvae and a piece of cactus, which showed enhanced parasitism rates.
Implementing Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping in Cesarean Birth Using a Novel Method: A Pilot Study of Feasibility and Safety
Authors: Welsh Stephanie , Elwell Joy , Manister Nancy N. , Gildersleeve Robert K.
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Although delayed cord clamping (DCC) is regarded as the standard of care for all vigorous newborns, those born via cesarean birth are less likely to be afforded this option, especially for longer than 30 to 60 seconds. This pilot study was undertaken to determine whether removal of the placenta before cord clamping to allow for DCC of at least 3 minutes during term, uncomplicated cesarean birth is feasible and without apparent safety issues in order to support a large prospective study on the benefits of this method.

Methods

Women having a term, uncomplicated cesarean birth who consented to the study were enrolled. Safety was assessed by comparing estimated maternal blood loss, newborn Apgar scores, temperatures, transcutaneous bilirubin levels, need for phototherapy, and neonatal intensive care unit admissions with a matched historical control group of women whose newborns had immediate cord clamping. Feasibility was measured by evaluating staff and maternal comfort with the intervention and by the ability to complete the protocol steps.

Results

Seventeen women consented to participate. The protocol was successfully completed in 94% of births. There were no differences in maternal and neonatal safety outcome measures between groups. There was high comfort level with the protocol among staff, and there was universal maternal satisfaction.

Discussion

This method of DCC in cesarean birth appears feasible and safe in this small pilot study and was associated with high maternal satisfaction and clinician comfort. Major organizations such as the American College of Nurse‐Midwives and the World Health Organization have called for DCC of up to 3 to 5 minutes in all births, and this simple method has the potential to reach that goal in cesarean birth with minimal apparent risk. A large randomized controlled trial is warranted to determine the neonatal and maternal benefits and safety of this technique compared with a 30‐to‐60‐second delay.
Language comprehension models at different levels of explanation
Authors: Colvin Michelle , Warren Tessa
Published: January 2020

This paper reviews two recent models of language comprehension, the RI‐Val model (Cook & O'Brien, 2014; O'Brien & Cook, 2016b) and the dynamic generative framework (Kuperberg, 2016). Both of these models have been heavily informed by research on the processing of semantic anomalies, but they have arisen in different literatures. The RI‐Val model has roots in the text processing literature and focuses primarily on bottom–up aspects of comprehension; the dynamic generative framework has roots in the event‐related brain potential (ERP)/sentence processing literature and focuses more heavily on top–down aspects of comprehension. Relating these models to each other and considering the findings in the semantic anomaly literature that support each one pushes us to consider the possibility that these models might be describing the comprehension system at different levels of explanation (Marr, 1982). This view has a few important consequences. First, it provides new ways of thinking about, and consequently increases the importance of, the small literature about anomaly detection in fictional contexts. It also opens the door for beginning to speculate about potential mappings between these two models of language comprehension. Our hope is that by bringing together and highlighting potential connections between models from different traditions, we will provoke bigger picture points of view that raise new questions and spur new ideas for research.
Clinical study of argatroban for preventing vascular thrombosis in the early period after pediatric living‐related donor liver transplantation
Authors: Na Li , Jindong Han
Published: January 2020

Objective

To evaluate the effect of heparin and argatroban on coagulation function and vascular thrombosis in the early period after pediatric LRDLT.

Method

Eighty‐four congenital biliary atresia pediatric patients who had undergone LRDLT were studied. Patients were divided into two groups according to the method of anticoagulation (heparin or argatroban). AT‐Ⅲ activity, APTT, and INR of the two groups were measured in the first 5 days after LRDLT. Vascular thrombosis was investigated by Doppler ultrasound daily.

Results

There were no significant differences in gender, age, weight, graft‐recipient weight ratio, and Kasai procedure between the two groups. The AT‐Ⅲ activity of the two groups was low and increased gradually after surgery, with no significant difference between the two groups. There was no significant difference of APTT between the two groups immediately after and in the first day after surgery. After anticoagulation treatment, a significant difference in APTT between the two groups was observed. The incidences of vascular thrombosis were 4.76% (3/63) and 0% (0/21) in the heparin and argatroban groups, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups. During the treatment, no serious complications such as active hemorrhage or drug allergy were observed in the two groups.

Conclusion

Argatroban is a direct anticoagulant, which is independent of AT‐Ⅲ activity. Argatroban might be an alternative to heparin in uncomplicated LRDLT with recovered hepatic and coagulation function.
Conservative speech
Authors: Lindeman Kathryn
Published: January 2020

In this paper, I argue that an utterance can function to conserve or maintain the truth of its asserted content, what I call conservative speech. Conservative utterances can work to preserve the truth of their asserted content in two ways. In the first, directive conservatives, the utterance serves as an indirect directive for interlocutors to act in ways that serve to maintain the asserted content. In the second, constitutive conservatives, serve to partly constitute the truth conditions of the asserted content directly. Constitutive conservatives, I argue, are particularly important because they are a central tool for how social groups enforce and thereby maintain facts about group norms and values in the face of deviation. They thus have a central role to play in understanding the role of language in the abilities of social groups to create and maintain their norms and values.
Relationship between angioarchitecture of the testicular artery and spermiogram parameters in Egyptian buffalo bulls (bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Sary Ramadan G. , Mohamed Ragab H. , Khalil Karim M. , Al‐lethie Al‐Lethie A. , Hussein Hassan A.
Published: January 2020

The current study aimed to investigate the effect of testicular artery angioarchitecture on the spermiogram parameters in Egyptian Buffalo bulls. Eight adult buffalo bulls aged between 2 and 8 years were used for semen evaluation. For anatomical studies, the masculine gonads were collected after slaughtering 30 adult bulls and prepared for injection by different masses (Urographine®, Latex and Epoxy) through the testicular artery. The mass activity of the ejaculate was assessed immediately after collection. The sperm motility in fresh bull ejaculate was more than 80%. The overall mean percentage of sperm abnormalities was <18%. The recorded sperm abnormalities were mostly secondary one including distal protoplasmic droplet, fragmented tail, detached head, detached galea capitis and bent tail. The highest percentage of sperm viability was recorded just after sperm collection (alive > 85%). The results revealed that testicular artery can be divided into three parts (abdominal, funicular and marginal parts) along its course. The coils of the funicular part forming a cone‐like structure with its base fixed to the head of the testis. Two epididymal branches to the head and tail of epididymis emanate from the funicular part which continues as pars marginalis on the lateral surface of testis before its division into the lateral and medial testicular arteries on approaching the tail extremity of the testis. The increase in the length of the testicular artery with increase in the size of the testes played a great role in the degree of complexity of the architectural vascular patterns. The degree of complexity is affected by the number of coils formed by the vessel. The increase in the convolutions of the vessel will reduce the speed of blood flow to the gonads. Thus in turn will enabling the thermoregulatory mechanism to work more efficiently and will affect the semen value.
Using art to improve visual diagnosis: a review
Authors: Rana Jasmine , Pop Samantha , Burgin Susan
Published: January 2020

Background

Elective visual arts‐based courses for trainees in the health professions may, amongst other things, help improve visual diagnostic skills. An emphasis on the careful observation of visual art and medical images and the co‐teaching of such courses by both medical faculty members and local art educators seem to be particularly important elements for the successful implementation of such courses.

Literature review

At least 12 studies to date suggest that guided observation of visual art (e.g. paintings and photography) can enhance the quality and/or quantity of visual observations. More research is needed regarding optimal course structure and assessment, but existing evidence supports the development of visual arts‐based coursework for health care trainees using strategies such as ‘visual thinking skills’ and engagement and processing in groups.

Take‐home message

The arts or ‘medical humanities’ are increasingly used in the education of health professionals, and growing evidence exists that visual arts‐based coursework, in particular, can enhance the observation skills of participants. Notably, the expertise and experience of trainees in specific disciplines are likely to influence specific learning goals and course structure in each context; however, unique arts‐based teaching strategies (e.g. ‘visual thinking skills’) can be used across all settings.

There is no more difficult art to acquire than the art of observation … William Osler, 19031
Experimental Characterization of Sprays in a Recessed Gas-Centered Swirl Coaxial Atomizer
Authors: Joseph A. , Sakthikumar R. , Sivakumar D.
Published: January 2020

The characteristics of sprays from a recessed gas-centered swirl coaxial atomizer (RGCSCA) with gas to liquid momentum flux ratio, J of the spray in the range of 2–66 are studied experimentally through the analysis of spray morphologies and droplets characteristics. The process of fully developed spray (spray free from ligaments/droplets clusters and nonspherical droplets) in the atomizer is quantified. In the RGCSCA, the distance from the atomizer exit to the fully developed spray zone decreases with increase in J. Detailed measurements of size (in the range of 6–378 μm) and velocity (in the range of 35–176 m/s) characteristics of spray droplets are carried out using phase Doppler interferometry (PDI) in the fully developed spray. The spray from the RGCSCA is comprised of two distinct spray morphologies: a central dense spray of finer droplets and an outer coarse spray. The mean drop size of the central spray exhibits a decreasing trend with the increase in J whereas that of the outer coarse spray is independent of J. The radial profiles of the mean velocities of sprays at different J are presented. For the sprays with low inertia liquid sheets, the shape of mean axial velocity profiles is Gaussian.
Transonic Turbine Vane Endwall Film Cooling Using the Pressure-Sensitive Paint Measurement Technique
Authors: Shiau Chao-Cheng , Sahin Izzet , Ullah Izhar , Han Je-Chin , Mirzamoghadam Alexander V. , Riahi Ardeshir , Stimpson Curtis
Published: January 2020

This work focuses on the parametric study of film cooling effectiveness on the turbine vane endwall under various flow conditions. The experiments were performed in a five-vane annular sector cascade facility in a blowdown wind tunnel. The controlled exit isentropic Mach numbers were 0.7, 0.9, and 1.0, from high subsonic to transonic conditions. The freestream turbulence intensity is estimated to be 12%. Three coolant-to-mainstream mass flow ratios (MFR) in the range 0.75%, 1.0%, and 1.25% are studied. N2, CO2, and Argon/SF6 mixture were used to investigate the effects of density ratio (DR), ranging from 1.0, 1.5, to 2.0. There are eight cylindrical holes on the endwall inside the passage. The pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) technique was used to capture the endwall pressure distribution for shock wave visualization and obtain the detailed film cooling effectiveness distributions. Both the high-fidelity effectiveness contour and the laterally (spanwise) averaged effectiveness were measured to quantify the parametric effect. This study will provide the gas turbine designer more insight on how the endwall film cooling effectiveness varies with different cooling flow conditions including shock wave through the endwall crossflow passage.
Acoustic feedback path modeling for hearing aids: Comparison of physical position based and position independent models
Authors: Sankowsky-Rothe Tobias , Schepker Henning , Doclo Simon , Blau Matthias
Published: January 2020

Acoustic feedback in hearing aids occurs due to the coupling between the hearing aid loudspeaker and microphones. In order to reduce acoustic feedback, adaptive filters are often used to estimate the feedback path. To increase the convergence speed and decrease the computational complexity of the adaptive algorithms, it has been proposed to split the acoustic feedback path into a time-invariant fixed part and a time-varying variable part. A key question of this approach is how to determine the fixed part. In this paper, two approaches are investigated: (1) a digital filter design approach that makes use of the signals of at least two hearing aid microphones and (2) a defined physical location approach using an electro-acoustic model and the signals of one hearing aid microphone and an additional ear canal microphone. An experimental comparison using measured acoustic feedback paths showed that both approaches enable one to reduce the number of variable part coefficients. It is shown that individualization of the fixed part increases the performance. Furthermore, the two approaches offer solutions for different requirements on the effort to a specific hearing aid design on the one hand and the effort during the hearing aid fitting on the other hand.
Triangular correlation (TrC) between cancer aggressiveness, cell uptake capability, and cell deformability
Authors: Brill-Karniely Yifat , Dror Dvir , Duanis-Assaf Tal , Goldstein Yoel , Schwob Ouri , Millo Talya , Orehov Natalie , Stern Tal , Jaber Mohammad , Loyfer Netanel , Vosk-Artzi Margarita , Benyamini Hadar , Bielenberg Diane , Kaplan Tommy , Buganim Yosef , Reches Meital , Benny Ofra
Published: January 2020

Phagocytosis level is an indicator of cancer aggressiveness since both are related to mechanical deformability of the cells.
Decreased nonspecific adhesivity, receptor-targeted therapeutic nanoparticles for primary and metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Dancy Jimena G. , Wadajkar Aniket S. , Connolly Nina P. , Galisteo Rebeca , Ames Heather M. , Peng Sen , Tran Nhan L. , Goloubeva Olga G. , Woodworth Graeme F. , Winkles Jeffrey A. , Kim Anthony J.
Published: January 2020

DART nanoparticles overcome critical drug delivery barriers for primary tumors and brain metastases.
Aquatic and terrestrial cyanobacteria produce methane
Authors: Bižić M. , Klintzsch T. , Ionescu D. , Hindiyeh M. Y. , Günthel M. , Muro-Pastor A. M. , Eckert W. , Urich T. , Keppler F. , Grossart H.-P.
Published: January 2020

Cyanobacteria, the most ancient and abundant photoautotrophs on Earth, produce the greenhouse gas methane during photosynthesis.
Direct targeting of oncogenic RAS mutants with a tumor-specific cytosol-penetrating antibody inhibits RAS mutant–driven tumor growth
Authors: Shin Seung-Min , Kim Ji-Sun , Park Seong-Wook , Jun Sei-Yong , Kweon Hye-Jin , Choi Dong-Ki , Lee Dakeun , Cho Yong Beom , Kim Yong-Sung
Published: January 2020

We report a potent pan-RAS–targeting antibody and the corresponding therapeutic strategy against RAS mutant tumors.
Functional validity, role, and implications of heavy alcohol consumption genetic loci
Authors: Thompson Andrew , Cook James , Choquet Hélène , Jorgenson Eric , Yin Jie , Kinnunen Tarja , Barclay Jeff , Morris Andrew P. , Pirmohamed Munir
Published: January 2020

We identify six genetic loci associated with heavy alcohol intake in humans, and provide functional validation in
C. elegans
.
Neisseria meningitidis Induces Pathology-Associated Cellular and Molecular Changes in Trigeminal Schwann Cells
Authors: Delbaz Ali , Chen Mo , Jen Freda E.-C. , Schulz Benjamin L. , Gorse Alain-Dominique , Jennings Michael P. , St John James A. , Ekberg Jenny A. K.
Published: January 2020

Neisseria meningitidis
, a common cause of sepsis and bacterial meningitis, infects the meninges and central nervous system (CNS), primarily via paracellular traversal across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier.
N. meningitidis
is often present asymptomatically in the nasopharynx, and the nerves extending between the nasal cavity and the brain constitute an alternative route by which the meningococci may reach the CNS. To date, the cellular mechanisms involved in nerve infection are not fully understood.