bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aplicação de design construtal para a análise geométrica de um dispositivo coluna de água oscilante no formato de duplo trapézio submetido a ondas regulares
Authors: Pereira Picanço Cezar Eduardo
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo aborda numericamente a forma geométrica de um dispositivo conversor de energia das ondas do mar em energia elétrica do tipo Coluna de Água Oscilante (CAO) no formato de um duplo trapézio. O sistema foi submetido a incidência de ondas regulares com períodos iguais a: T = 3,0 s, T = 7,5 s e T = 15,0 s, respectivamente. O objetivo é maximizar a potência hidropneumática disponível. Para a análise computacional é empregado um código de dinâmica dos fluidos computacional baseado no Método de Volumes Finitos (MVF). O modelo multifásico Volume of Fluid (VOF) é aplicado no tratamento da interação água-ar. O domínio computacional é representado por um tanque de ondas com o dispositivo CAO acoplado. É empregado o Design Construtal para a avaliação geométrica. O grau de liberdade analisado foi H1/L (razão entre a altura e o comprimento de entrada da câmara hidropneumática). As restrições do problema são a área de entrada da câmara hidropneumática e a área total da câmara CAO que são mantidas constantes e a razão L1/L (razão entre largura da câmara CAO e a largura de entrada da câmara), que foi predeterminada como uma constante c com valores específicos: 1,25 / 1,50 / 1,75. A partir dos dados obtidos são analisados: fator de amplificação, vazão mássica, pressão e potência hidropneumática. Os resultados indicam que a análise de configuração geométrica de dispositivo CAO conduz ao máximo aproveitamento da potência hidropneumática disponível, sendo que o caso de maior desempenho obtido para a potência hidropneumática, quando  H1/L = 0,0230, é cerda de 1200 vezes maior que o pior resultado obtido nesse estudo.
Aplicação de simulação computacional para o aumento de eficiência energética de uma instalação frigorífica
Authors: Jr Ivoni C , De Aguiar Danilo Barreto , Germano Sandro
Published: June 2019

Aspectos envolvendo a maximização da eficiência energética de uma instalação industrial é um tópico de grande importância, pois atualmente existem onerosas tarifas de energia elétrica e qualquer redução de consumo da mesma, resulta em grandes benefícios tanto para empresa como para a matriz energética do país, visto que unidades frigoríficas têm um grande consumo de eletricidade. Com isso, estas melhorias podem, em alguns casos, ser obtidas apenas através de modificações de condições operacionais da planta, que visam reduzir os desperdícios. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo apontar ações para melhoria da eficiência energética do sistema de refrigeração por NH3 de um armazém frigorífico, através do uso de modelagem matemática e simulações computacionais da planta frigorífica, utilizando o software EES (Engineering Equation Solver) como ferramenta para a modelagem matemática da planta frigorífica e realização das simulações computacionais. Além disso, o sistema de refrigeração possui motores elétricos tanto dos evaporadores como dos condensadores, acionados por inversores de frequência VSDs (Variable Speed Drive). Dessa forma, foram avaliadas diferentes condições de regime de temperaturas de operação e de valores de frequência dos VSDs, com objetivo de obter o menor consumo de energia elétrica, de modo a atender a uma condição específica de funcionamento da instalação industrial. Além disso, foi identificado que o sistema de refrigeração possui contaminação por água, que impacta no consumo de energia elétrica. O estudo realizado demonstrou que sem realizar nenhuma modificação estrutural na planta frigorífica, é possível reduzir em 9,3% o consumo de energia elétrica.
Caracteres sedimentológicos, geoquímicos y cronológicos de la Formación Puncosvicana en las Sierras de Palermo, Cachi y Molinos. Cordillera Oriental, Argentina
Authors: MILLER Hubert , LORK Anette , TOSELLI Alejandro J. , ACEÑOLAZA Florencio G.
Published: June 2019

Las sierras de Palermo, Cachi y Molinos, de la provincia de Salta, forman parte de la Cordillera Oriental, que está integrada por un basamento meta-sedimentario que se asigna a la Formación Puncoviscana, con edad de sedimentación y leptometamorfismo que corresponde al lapso Ediacarano-Terreneuviano. Las psamitas y pelitas están representadas esencialmente por grauvacas, litarenitas, lutitas y wackes, las cuales se habrían depositado en ambientes de arco de islas continental a margen continental activo. Las áreas de proveniencia habrían estado constituidas esencialmente por sedimentos cuarzosos y rocas ígneas félsicas a intermedias, que son típicas de la Corteza Continental Superior (UCC), las cuales habrían sufrido transporte hidráulico relativamente breve que permitió su alteración pero no una selección granulométrica eficiente. Las edades y caracteres morfológicos de los circones detríticos evidencian distintos orígenes y edades, unos volcánicos euhedrales de 527 Ma y otros redondeados por erosión con edades de 583 Ma. Las trazas fósilescorrespondientes a las asociaciones de Nereites saltensis que se desarrollan, son coherentes con las edades >540 Ma obtenidas a partir de los circones, mientras que no se encontró hasta ahora en esta región Oldhamia radiata. La Formación Puncoviscana,es afectada con posterioridad, por un evento metamórfico regional que culmina con la orogenia Tilcárica (~520 Ma), que desarrolla condiciones de Facies Sub-esquistos Verdes alcanzando eventualmente Facies Esquistos Verdes. Otro evento dinámicotérmico posterior ocurre entre los 488 y 453 Ma (Cámbrico superior – Ordovícico superior) que da lugar a la intrusión de los plutones tonalítico-trondhjemíticos y granodiorítico-graníticos de la Formación Cachi, con los que se asocian los gneises, migmatitas, filitas y esquistos moteados del Complejo La Paya, en Facies de Anfibolitas a Granulitas. Dichas edades U-Pb fueron determinadas en circones y monacitas,como así también mediante los isótopos de estroncio.
Anatomía foliar de cuatro especies halófilas del noroeste argentino
Authors: Fernández Romina D. , Albornoz Patricia L.
Published: June 2019

Las hojas de las plantas halófilas desarrollan estrategias para afrontar las con- diciones adversas de los ambientes salinos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracte- rizar la anatomía foliar de Atriplex argentina, Alternanthera nodifera, Ehretia cortesia y Trianthema argentina, especies halófilas del noroeste argentino. Hojas de las especies mencionadas fueron colectadas en las Salinas Grandes (provincia de Catamarca) y Aimogasta (provincia de La Rioja). Se aplicaron técnicas histológicas convencionales. E. cortesía, A. argentina y T. argentina presentaron tricomas glandulares y A. nodifera eglandulares. Los estomas de E. cortesía y A. nodífera se encontraron hundidos. Se observó mesofilo isolateral en E. cortesía y mesofilo con estructura Kranz en A. argentina, A. nodífera y T. argentina. A. argentina, A. nodífera y E. cortesia presentaron parénquima acuífero. Todas las especies evidenciaron abundantes y diversos tipos de cristales de oxalato de calcio en mesofilo y en caso de E. cortesia presentó además cristales de carbonato de calcio en glándulas de sal. El trabajo describe por primera vez la anatomía foliar de estas especies y contribuye al conocimiento de las adapta- ciones anatómicas de la vegetación halófila del noroeste de Argentina.
Iniciativa didáctica interdisciplinar: el pánico nuclear en la literatura del siglo XX
Authors: González Cloute Jose María , González Gil María Isabel
Published: June 2019

El pánico nuclear en la literatura del siglo XX es una iniciativa didáctica para el trabajo en equipo de profesores de Física y Literatura en la enseñanza secundaria española. En ella se proponen ocho sesiones de clase con alumnos de segundo curso del bachillerato científico durante una semana del curso escolar. La iniciativa intenta romper con el tradicional aislamiento de las materias del bachillerato español, abordando el análisis interdisciplinar y comparado de dos extraordinarias novelas: La bomba increíble, fabulación novelística de Pedro Salinas y la obra clave de la literatura fantástica norteamericana Crónicas marcianas, de Ray Bradbury. Los dos libros, escritos tras los bombardeos atómicos de Hiroshima y Nagasaki en el comienzo de la llamada ‘guerra fría’, contienen visiones anticipatorias y catastróficas del desarrollismo bélico nuclear que pueden aumentar el interés de los jóvenes hacia la literatura, a la vez de revisar los conceptos físicos relacionados con la radiactividad y la energía nuclear.
Сорбционные свойства меланинов лузги подсолнечника
Authors: Грачева Наталья В. , Желтобрюхов Владимир Ф.
Published: June 2019

Изучены сорбционные свойства меланинов лузги подсолнечника по отношению к веществам-маркерам в соответствии с фармакопейной статьей ОФС.1.2.3.0021.15 — метиленовому синему, метиловому оранжевому, желатину и по отношению к йоду. Установлено, что для исследованных образцов сорбционная активность по метиленовому синему составляет (190,9 ± 4,2) мг/г, по метиловому оранжевому — (302,1 ± 1,8) мг/г, по желатину — (114,7 ± 2,8) мг/г, по йоду — (38,4 ± 2,4) %. Сорбционная способность образцов в отношении среднемолекулярных токсикантов превосходит соответствующие показатели сорбентов «Полифепан» и «Полисорб» и сравнима с показателями угля активированного. Для меланинов выявлено высокое сродство к веществам анионного типа. По белок-связывающей активности меланины уступают лишь «Полисорбу», значительно превосходя «Полифепан» и уголь активированный. Значения сорбционной активности в отношении йода находятся в пределах значений, соответствующих «Полифепану», и более чем в 1,5 раза ниже показателей угля активированного. Полученные результаты определяют возможность разработки на основе меланинов энтеросорбентов.
Challenges for income generation methods in monopoly companies
Authors: Zurapov Ali
Published: June 2019

In conditions of market competition, the fundamental goal of any commercial organization is to obtain the greatest profit, which directly depends on the amount of income received and expenses incurred. Current paper discuses  about main source of development of the material and technical base of the enterprise, replenishment of its own working capital, ensuring the social needs of the companies. Main objectivity is income factor in the stability of the existence and progress of the monopoly companies. In this regard, the management of the income of the organization is currently quite an urgent task for every giant entrepreneur. The article reveals the essence, purpose, objectives and measures in the field of enterprise revenue management. On the example of a particular enterprise, a dynamic and structural analysis of its revenues is carried out.
They danced to all songs : double employments and conflicts of interest within academic computer science.
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: June 2019

Part 1 of a research on double employments and conflicts of interestwithin academic computer science, their effects on that science, both inresearch and in education, and a comparison with and generalization ofsimilar phenomena in other sciences.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK KELAS 2 SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI PASIRGUNUNG SELATAN 4 KOTA DEPOK MATA PELAJARAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL (IPS) TEMA PERISTIWA PENTING DALAM KELUARGA MELALUI METODE DEMONSTRASI MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL
Authors: Retnoningsih Endang
Published: June 2019

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini dilaksanakan di SDN Pasirgunung Selatan 4 Kota Kelasa 2 dengan jumlah peserta didik 30 orang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas 2 pada mata pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial tentang Peristiwa Penting yang Pernah di Alami dikeluarga melalui metode demonstrasi menggunakan melalui media audio visual. Hasil pelaksanaan pembelajaran prasiklus dengan KKM 70 dari jumlah 30 Pada Prasilkus diperoleh hasil rerata peserta didik 62 yang belum mencapai KKM berjumlah 20 (64 %). Siklus 1 rerata peserta didik 68 belum mencapai KKM 13 (43%). Pada siklus 2 hasil diperoleh rerata 81 yang belum mencapai KKM berjumlah 4 peserta didik atau atau 13%. Sedangkan melalui pengamatan peserta didik yang dapat menjawab pertanyaan guru hanya 9 (30%), siklus 1 didapat 16 orang (54%), Siklus 2 didapat 28 orang peserta didik atau 93% . Penerapan metode demonstrasi melalui media audio visual telah memberikan pengaruh yang sangat baik dengan meningkatkan hasi belajar dan motivasi peserta didik.
6 Panduan Dasar Manajer Manajemen SDM yang Tepat
Authors: Ainy Khurin
Published: June 2019

6 Panduan Dasar Manajer Manajemen SDM yang Tepat terdiri dari Kebijaksanaan, Kenali Peran Anda, dan Berikan Perhatian Khusus pada Rekrutmen Staf
She told me about a singing cactus: Counterintuitive concepts are more accurately attributed to their speakers than ordinary concepts
Authors: Mermelstein Spencer , Barlev Michael , German Tamsin
Published: June 2019

Communication is central to human life, yet it leaves humans vulnerable to misinformation and manipulation. Humans have therefore evolved a suite of psychological mechanisms for the evaluation of speakers and their messages. Here, we test a key hypothesized function of these “epistemic vigilance” mechanisms: the selective remembering of links between speakers and messages that are inconsistent with preexisting beliefs. Across four experiments, participants (N = 707) read stories associated with different contexts, with each story containing concepts that violate core knowledge intuitions (“counterintuitive concepts”) and ordinary concepts. Exp. 1 revealed that after a brief distractor (2 minutes) participants more accurately attributed counterintuitive concepts to their speakers than ordinary concepts. Exp. 2a-b replicated this finding and found that this attribution accuracy advantage also extended to counterintuitive versus ordinary concepts associated with other contextual details – places and dates. Exp. 3 then tested whether this attribution accuracy advantage was more stable over time for speakers than for places. After a short distractor (20-minutes), there was a counterintuitive versus ordinary concept attribution accuracy advantage for both speakers and places. However, when participants were tested again after a long delay (48-hours), this attribution accuracy advantage more than doubled for speakers but disappeared entirely for places. We discuss the implications of these findings to the set of psychological mechanisms theorized to monitor and evaluate communication to guard our database of beliefs about the world.
The Role of Institutions in the Labor Market Impact of Immigration
Authors: Foged Mette , Hasager Linea , Yasenov Vasil
Published: June 2019

We study the role of labor market institutions and policies in affecting the wage impact of immigration using a cross-country meta-analysis approach. We gather information on 1,548 previously reported semi-elasticities from 66 academic studies covering 20 developed countries. We supplement this dataset with country-level institutional structure and coverage data from the OECD. These include employment and wage rigidities, labor mobility, active labor market programs spending, and product market regulation. We relate estimated wage effects and institutional coverage while con- trolling for local economic conditions, immigrant skill composition, time and region fixed effects and study characteristics. Higher labor market rigidity, as brought about by more widespread institutions, regulations and policies, mitigates the effects on relative wages of high- versus low-skilled natives but exacerbates the impacts on average earnings. Overall, our results suggest that labor mar- ket institutions and policies may be effective tools in the economic absorption of foreign workers.
Trombosis mesentérica segmentaria postgastrectomía parcial vertical laparoscópica
Authors: Loaiza Merino Iván Patricio , Yepez Yerovi Fabián Eduardo , Salguero Lozada Johana Monserrath , Merino Lema Cristhian Xavier
Published: June 2019

Introducción: La trombosis mesentérica segmentaria postgastrectomía es una complicación poco frecuente de estos procedimientos quirúrgicos. Su etiopatogenia está relacionada con el daño endovascular previo, secundario a antecedentes de procesos patológicos tales como diabetes mellitus, obesidad, hipertensión arterial.

Objetivo: Describir un caso clínico de trombosis mesentérica segmentaria postgastrectomía parcial vertical laparoscópica.

Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, presentación de caso clínico.

Resultados: Se describe un caso clínico de Trombosis mesentérica segmentaria postgastrectomía parcial vertical laparoscópica. Se trata de un paciente de 46 años con antecedentes de diabetes mellitus y obesidad, a quien se le practicó una cirugía bariátrica para tratamiento de su obesidad, no hubo complicaciones intraoperatorias. Durante su estancia hospitalaria recibió anticoagulación, posterior a un período a dos semanas presenta súbitamente un cuadro de dolor abdominal difuso, y posterior a ser reintervenido, se encuentra como hallazgo isquemia mesentérica segmentaria con compromiso de pared intestinal. Las comorbilidades fueron factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de la isquemia.

Conclusiones: El tromboembolismo mesentérico es una de las complicaciones menos frecuentes de los procedimientos de cirugía metabólica, pudiéndose considerar como un caso atípico, en este tipo de pacientes se presentan una serie de comorbilidades y factores de riesgo que conllevan a tener una alteración de coagulación. La resolución quirúrgica y la anticoagulación postoperatoria fueron trascendentales en su evolución.
La Informática Médica en la formación de profesionales de la salud.
Authors: Proaño Alulema Ricardo Xavier
Published: June 2019

La solución de problemas en medicina requiere algunos elementos fundamentales como la representación de datos, almacenamiento y recuperación de información, procesamiento de señales e imágenes, sistemas expertos en medicina, estándares de comunicación, expedientes e historias clínicas del paciente y múltiples áreas de aplicación de la Informática Médica, que tienen repercusión directa en la calidad de atención al paciente. Por ende, no se trata solamente del uso de computadoras, smartphones u otros dispositivos en la práctica de medicina, sino como lo sugiere la American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA), “Es el campo científico interdisciplinario que estudia y persigue el uso efectivo de datos, información y conocimientos biomédicos, para la indagación científica, la solución de problemas y la toma de decisiones, motivada por los esfuerzos para mejorar la salud humana”.
Teaching Learning through Interdisciplinary Approaches
Authors: Pun Min
Published: June 2019

There are many benefits of using interdisciplinary approaches in teaching and learning. One of the goals of teaching and learning is helping students to develop insights, problem solving skills and self-confidence. The teachers can bring them to their classroom is interdisciplinary approaches are used in the teaching learning process. In this way, interdisciplinary approaches help students develop their cognitive abilities such as skills and mental processes, which are necessary to solve the problems.Crossing the Border: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 5(2) 2017: 1-2
Formal Education for Personal and Professional Development: A Case of B.Ed. Female Graduates in Pokhara
Authors: Shrestha Roshani
Published: June 2019

The paper aims to prove that formal education acquired at university level has its direct relation with the personal and professional development of an individual. For instance, the female graduates of the study area have shown that they are benefitted in their professional teaching and personal life from the knowledge and skill they had acquired during their formal learning. In order to present it lucidly, the paper has been structured in six parts. The introductory part builds the context and states the research questions. It is followed by historical background, which deals with the development of formal education in Nepal; it also includes discrimination against women in education sector. The third part is theoretical discussion that deals with the impact of formal education in enhancing students’ skills and knowledge, problem solving and personality development. The fourth part is about methodology that briefly discusses the methods of data collection and analysis applied for conducting this research and drafting this article. The core part of this article is data analysis in which the collected data have been analyzed and the sixth is the conclusion followed by a list of references.Crossing the Border: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol.5(1) 2017: 61-82
Comparison of the use of neutrophil: lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR) to total leukocyte count in diagnosing appendicitis in adults with right iliac fossa pain
Authors: K.C. Rabindra , Bhattarai Abhishek , Joshi Rakshya , Kharel Ashok , Iohani Ishwar
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA) is purely based on history, examination and few laboratory investigations. However, it is often a perplexing diagnostic problem during the early stages of the disease. Failure to make an early diagnosis is a primary reason for morbidity and mortality. Elevated leukocyte count is one of the indicators of appendiceal inflammation in patients with right iliac fossa pain and most of the patients with acute appendicitis present with leucocytosis. Recently, it has been seen that the neutrophil: lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR) is a more sensitive marker than leukocytosis in patients with acute appendicitis.

Method: This is a prospective observational study conducted over a period of one year in the department of surgery at the Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, from September 2013 to August 2014. The clinical diagnosis of Acute appendicitis was made by history and clinical examinations and laboratory investigations. Total leukocyte count (TLC) and NLCR of patients diagnosed as AA were measured and recorded in the pro forma. Histological diagnosis was taken as the final diagnosis.

Results: A total of 106 patients were included in the study. Two third of the patients were male. Right iliac fossa tenderness was the most common sign. Ultrasound was able to diagnose acute appendicitis in 40.65% of the cases. NLCR> 3.5 was observed in 90.56% of patients with acute appendicitis, whereas 78.3% of patients had leukocytosis only. High NLCR (5.60) is associated with complicated AA.

Conclusion: NLCR is a more sensitive laboratory parameter than TLC in patients with RIF pain to diagnose acute appendicitis. A high NLCR ratio has a high likelihood of a complicated AA.
Following the Threads: Showtime’sDexterandOedipus
Authors: Habash Martha W.
Published: June 2019

Showtime’s Dexter has much in common with Sophocles’ Oedipus. Specifically, both eponymous heroes are shaped by external forces and face tasks of solving murder(s) and of discovering their identities, and they share analogous experiences that prompt their audiences to question the condition of man and justice. What we discover as we compare the two works is a sculpting of Sophoclean plots, character, and themes into a unique work that incorporates contemporary science, topical issues, and a borrowing from the Gothic genre to create a character that is likeable (no easy feat when the star is a murdering machine), understood, and pitied.
From Ebony to Ivory
Authors: Pussetti Chiara
Published: June 2019

This article discusses the impact of skin colour inequality in the individual aspirations and prospects of social inclusion and success, social mobility aspirations, professional ambitions and career opportunities. Ethnographically, it studies specific forms of cosmetic investments and self-optimisation in Portugal and its effects on the micropolitics of bodies, correlating the agency of individuals (how they empower themselves maximising certain aspects and minimising others) with the ways in which a European white appearance circulates as a form of capital and commodity, creating body narratives that are very much racialised. By inquiring the actual European understanding of value in bodies, we can also understand the colonial legacy and how it is reproduced through the mutation of bodies.
Women’s Uprising in Poland
Authors: Ramme Jennifer
Published: June 2019

In 2016 a legislative proposal introducing an abortion ban resulted in female mass mobilisations. The protests went along with frequent claims of Polish as well as European belonging. Next to this, creative appropriations of patriotic symbols related to national movements, fights and uprisings for independence and their transformation into a sign of female bodily sovereignty could be observed all over the country. The appearance of bodies needs to be looked at in relation to the concrete political context and conditions in which bodies materialise (Butler 2015). Bodies are in this sense always relational, but they also depend. The article argues that the constitution of ‘European bodies’ can serve to empower people exposed to and oppressed by nationalist biopolitics. In such cases a ‘European body’ might be constituted in distinction to the nation/nationalism and its claim of ownership on female bodies (the ‘national body’) and by performing multiple belongings extending national belonging.
Reviews
Authors: Soverino Tiziana , Mesaritou Evgenia , Wilson Thomas M. , Byrne Steve , Vukušić Dino , Dimpflmeier Fabiana , Walther Eva-Maria , Schwab Eva
Published: June 2019

Aníbal Arregui, Gesa Mackenthun and Stephanie Wodianka (eds.) (2018), DEcolonial Heritage: Natures, Cultures, and the Asymmetries of Memory
(Cultural Encounters and the Discourses of Scholarship, vol. 10) (Münster: Waxmann), 278 pp., Paperback €34.90, ISBN 9783830937906.
Calculation and evaluation of load performance of magnetic levitation system in medium-low speed maglev train
Authors: Zhai Mingda , Long Zhiqiang , Li Xiaolong
Published: June 2019

The medium-low speed maglev train is an entirely new way of transportation without wheels, and it makes the best of the attraction between the electromagnet and the F-type track to achieve levitation. The magnetic levitation system is considered as the wheels of medium-low speed maglev train, which plays a major role in bearing the weight of vehicle. The theoretical calculation and finite element numerical analysis are performed to calculate the load performance of the magnetic levitation system under different load conditions. The difference of calculation results between the two methods is analyzed and discussed. In addition, a series of load-carrying tests in vehicles operating on Changsha maglev express is carried out. The experimental results have revealed that the calculation results based on FEM are basically matched with that of actual well conditions. Therefore, the load performance of the magnetic levitation system in medium-low speed maglev train is calculated and evaluated successfully.
TO DETERMINE THE DIFFERENCE IN HAEMODYNAMIC PARAMETER OF ORAL 75MG, 150MG PREGABALIN PREMEDICATION AND CONTROL GROUP AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY.
Authors: Magu Apoorva , Ahmed Fareed
Published: June 2019

Background: In preemptive analgesia, the analgesic treatment is started before and is operational during the surgical procedure so that the physiological consequences of nociceptive transmission are reduced. Because of this protective effect on nociceptive pathways, preemptive analgesia decreases the incidence of hyperalgesia and allodynia after surgery.

Methods: This Hospital based, prospective, randomized, double blind, comparative study was conducted in Department of Anaesthesiology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College after obtaining approval from Institutional Ethics Committee and Research Review Board and written informed consent from all the patients.

Results: The mean baseline variable i.e. pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure were comparable in both the groups. (P value>0.05). Thus we can say that the randomization was done adequately. Hemodynamic variables (pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure) were also comparable during intraoperative period.

Conclusion: Although preemptive use of both pregabalin 75mg and pregabalin 150 mg are effective for prolongation of postoperative analgesia but pregabalin 75mg is superior to pregabalin 150mg as it provides similar postoperative analgesia as compared to 150mg without causing significant change in haemodynamic variables and any adverse effect.

Keywords: Preemptive analgesia, Gabapentin, Rescue analgesic.
ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION: A REVIEW
Authors: Patil Mr. Mahesh S , Patil Dr. Rvindra. R. , Chalikwar Dr. Shailesh. S. , Surana Dr. Sanjay J , Firke Dr. Sandip D
Published: June 2019

The development of sound Analytical method is of supreme importance during the process of drug discovery, release to market and development, culminating in a marketing approval. The objective of this paper is to review the method development, optimize and validation of the method for the drug product from the developmental stage of the formulation to commercial batch of the product.The purpose of this validation is to show that processes involved in the development and manufacture of drug, production and analytical testing can be performed in an effective and reproducible manner. This review article provides guidance on how to perform validation characteristics for the analytical method which are utilized in pharmaceutical analysis.

Keywords: Analytical method validation, Pharmaceutical analysis, Specificity, Precision, Accuracy.
REFLECTION OF GENDER RELATIONS IN ORAL FOLK ARTS OF THE LOWER-TEREK COSSACKS
Authors: Gimbatova M B
Published: June 2019

Abstract: The article deals with the samples of oral folk art of the Lower Terek Cossacks, in which moral principles, communication opportunities, codes of gender behavior, stereotypes and patterns of male and female behavior in the family and society, are observed. The author analyzes the way folklore helps to maintain optimal standards and models of correct behavior in the society and mocks at violations and deviations from the traditional foundations of the Lower Terek Cossacks. The samples of the oral folk art of the Lower Terek Cossacks display the intellectual superiority of the man in the family and in the society and the subordinate statue of the woman and her sensible emotive world. In folklore, the family is stereotyped as the value, which is guarded by the woman. Such concepts as family, motherland, land are associated with the woman and all these feminine principles are protected by the man who is presented as a strong dominant personality. In most works, the basic gender stereotype is a patriarchal one, according to which the man plays a dominant role and the woman plays a passive role. This is more clearly illustrated in prose works - legends, family-household fairy tales, ritual, calendar, family-household and lyrical songs, proverbs, sayings, riddles, in which the man and the woman do gender-marked work: the woman performs activities related to housekeeping and up-bringing of children, and the man participates in campaigns, performs work out of home. Thanks to oral folk art, young generations get an idea of goodness, beauty, truth, courage, diligence, fidelity, oral folk art familiarizes them with universal moral values, cultivates patriotism and respect for the past of their people.
IN MEMORY OF PROFESSOR MAMAYKHAN AGLAROVICH AGLAROV
Authors: Magomedkhanov M M , Shikhsaidov A R
Published: June 2019

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STUDY OF IRGANAI SETTLEMENT I IN THE AREA OF CONSTRUCTION OF IRGANAI HYDROELECTRIC STATION IN MOUNTAINOUS DAGHESTAN IN 2005
Authors: Ataev Gamzat D
Published: June 2019

The article presents the results of archaeological study of Irganai settlement I of the Middle and early stage of the Late Bronze Age in the area of construction of Irganai hydroelectric station in 2005. A rectangular stone room has been revealed and delineated here. In the north-western part of the excavation site, a part of a stone wall has been identified, it runs westward and is perpendicular to the western wall of the oval room excavated in 2003-2004. It has been established that the western end of this wall is connected to the one revealed in 1988, i.e. actually it continues the latter. The length of stone wall 1 is 6.8 m, its height ranges from 1.7 to 1.9 m. The excavations have revealed one more wall (wall 2). It is connected to stone wall 1, is perpendicular to it and runs southward. Wall 2 is narrower than wall 1. Its length is 6.4 m, and the height of the preserved wall ranges from 0.8 to 1 m. A significant archaeological material has been found here: tools, weapons, ceramics, as well as considerable osteological material. Research of 2005 revealed a new interesting data for cultural and historic interpretation of the Bronze Age sites of the Irganai basin and the mountainous part of Dagestan. The materials from Irganai settlement I, revealed during excavations of 2005, date back to 18th - 14th centuries BC. Study of the materials from Irganai settlement I and Irganai burial I along with the materials from earlier excavations allow to establish Irganai local variant of the Ginchi-Gatynkali culture of early stage of the Bronze Age of Mountainous Dagestan and Southeast Chechnya.
KHWAREZMIAN AND MONGOL CONQUESTS OF THE SOUTH CAUCASUS IN FOREIGN HISTORIOGRAPHY: IN THE CONTEXT OF D. BAYARSAIKHAN’S RESEARCH "THE MONGOLS AND THE ARMENIANS (1220-1335)"
Authors: Timokhin Dmitry M
Published: June 2019

The article deals with the analysis of foreign researches of Mongol and Khwarezmian conquests of the South Caucasus. The subject of study is one of the latest works on this problem – D. Bayarsaikhan’s monograph «The Mongols and the Armenians (1220-1335)». The author of the article details historiography and source study of the book under consideration, as well as those sections, which present the description of Mongol and Khwarezmian invasion of the territory of the South Caucasus and the consequences of these conquests. Much attention is given to the section of D.Bayarsaikhan’s monograph describing the political structure of the South Caucasus at the beginning of the 13 th century and a number of earlier events. The author of the article also analyzes D. Bayarsaikhan’s position on a number of debatable problems concerning political history of the South Caucasus in the first half of the 13 th century. The author focuses on the idea of political history of the South Caucasus in the first half of the 13 th century that readers may get after their acquaintance with D. Bayarsaikhan’s book «The Mongols and the Armenians (1220-1335)». The fact that the monograph of D. Bayarsaikhan has not been translated into Russian yet and is not well known to specialists in Russia gives special significance to this article. To date, there are not many special studies on this problem in Russian science, therefore it is extremely important to study foreign experience in this field
THE COURSE OF THE PEOPLE’S LIBERATION STRUGGLE UNDER MUHAMMAD-AMIN’S COMMAND IN THE NORTH-WEST CAUCASUS IN THE 50s OF THE 19th CENTURY
Authors: Kidirniyazov D S
Published: June 2019

Liberation struggle of mountaineers of the North Caucasus in the first half of the 19th century has always been one of the most topical problems in Russian historiography, since an integral, truthful and genuinely scientific concept of the events, which played an important role in the destinies of the peoples of the region, has not been created yet. It is known that the assessment of the Caucasian War has been changed many times. The researchers have misrepresented events and slanted a number of problems in the history of the local peoples and their relationship with Russia. The history of long heroic and at the same time tragic struggle of the mountaineers for freedom and independence is complex and unique. The people’s liberation movement arose due to socio-economic and political situation in the region, although intrigues of emissaries of other states also influenced the mountaineers’ struggle. The main reasons for the people’s liberation struggle appeared in the North-East Caucasus when the socio-political situation in the region had considerably changed. Basing on archival materials and special historical literature, the author of the article analyzes the liberation struggle of the mountaineers of the North-West Caucasus against the tsarist autocracy under the command of Shamil’s Naib Muhammad-Amin. The goal of the article is to trace the course of the people’s liberation struggle in the North-West Caucasus and its legal aspects in terms of both positive and negative sides. The author focuses on administrative and commanding talent of Muhammad-Amin, who managed to rally the mountaineers and organize the people’s liberation movement.
STUDY OF IRGANAI SETTLEMENT I IN THE AREA OF CONSTRUCTION OF IRGANAI HYDROELECTRIC STATION IN MOUNTAINOUS DAGESTAN IN 2006
Authors: Ataev G D
Published: June 2019

The article presents the results of archaeological study of Irganai settlement I of the Middle and early stage of the Late Bronze Age in the area of construction of Irganai hydroelectric station in 2006. A rectangular stone room discovered in 2005 was revealed and partly delineated.In the south-eastern part of the excavation site, a stone wall was identified, it runs westward and is perpendicular to the southern wall of the room discovered and partially excavated in 2004-2005. It has been established that the western end of wall 1is connected to the one revealed in 1986. Stone wall 1 is wideand mainly single-row, its small western part is double-row. The length of stone wall 1 revealed in 2006 is 4.2 m. The total length of the wall including the part excavated in 1986 is 5.8 m, and the height of the preserved wall ranges from 1.6 to 1.8 m. A significant archaeological material was found there: tools, ceramics, as well as considerable osteological material. Research of 2006has revealed a new interesting data for cultural and historic interpretation of the Bronze Age sites of the Irganai basin and the mountainous part of Dagestan. The materials from Irganai settlement I found during excavations of 2006, date back to 18th-14th centuries BC. Study of the materials from Irganai settlement I and Irganai burial I along with the materials from earlier excavations allow to establish Irganai local variant of the Ginchi-Gatynkali culture of early stage of the Bronze Age of Mountainous Dagestan and Southeast Chechnya.
MOUNTAINS AND CAVES IN THE ANDIS’ RITES OF THE SUN AND RAIN MAKING
Authors: Ramazanova Z B , Seferbekov M R
Published: June 2019

Mod and Bakhargan were the most revered mountains for the Andis. According to the authors, the Andis used mountains and caves, as parts of the sacred landscape, on calendar holidays and in the rites of meteorological and healing magic. Thus, rites of the sun and rain making were held here. On the mountain of Bakhargan, there was a spring with healing water. The mountain of Bakhargan was used in the ceremonies of folk medicine: praying for healing, sick people described three circles round the rocks of the sacred mountain in the counterclockwise direction. In the mythology of the Andis, the tops of the mountains were the habitat of the supreme god and mountain angels. The Andis associated mountains with legends, containing the motifs of the biblical legend of the Flood. After converting to Islam, the most revered mountains were turned into places of worship, where the rite of dhikr was conducted and alms were dealt out during the prayers. Many of the rites for changing weather were led by local religious authorities or elders. Besides the use of mountains and caves in the rites of the sun and rain making, the Andis also had other rites of meteorological magic. The most common of them was the rite with a mummer. There were also rites with the use of the skull of a stallion and a snake, probably related to zoolatry. Analysis of orolatry, meteorological and healing magic of the Andis testifies to the syncretism of their spiritual culture. This confusion of traditional beliefs and Muslim religious prescriptions is peculiar to the so-called “everyday Islam”. This syncretism was common to other peoples of Dagestan and the North Caucasus.
THE AKKI CHECHENS: HISTORICAL INFORMATION
Authors: Shakhbanova M M , Nagieva M K
Published: June 2019

The problem of rehabilitation of repressed peoples became topical in the post-Soviet period on the back of cardinal social, economic and political transformations of the Russian society. In the post-Soviet Dagestan, the proclamation of the principles of openness, democracy and perestroika in the 1990s sharply revealed interethnic problems. The Law “On Rehabilitation of Repressed Peoples” (1991) was aimed at solving the most difficult problem in the national policy of the Soviet state, when people were repressed on the basis of evidence-free accusations. Among them there were the Akki Chechens, who lived in Dagestan and along with the entire population of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR were forcibly evicted from their historical places of residence to the republics of Central Asia. Despite the fact that in 1957 the Akki Chechens were rehabilitated, the issues of their socio-economic and territorial rehabilitation remained unsolved, and this fact worsened the interethnic climate in the republic. It should be noted that the adoption of the above-mentioned act of law also contributed to the deterioration of the nature of interethnic interaction in places of residence of the repressed Akki Chechens and the Avars and Laks who were forcibly resettled to this territory in 1944. Consequently, it is important to study the historical aspect of this issue, therefore, in the framework of this article, basing on archival materials, the authors analyze resettlement, number and role of the Akki Chechens in the political, administrative and territorial structure of the republic, as well as the formation of the Aukhovsky District on the eve of their repression.
MUSLIM GRAVESTONES OF THE 14th - 15th CENTURIES IN THE VILLAGE OF KUBACHI: THE PECULIARITIES OF THE DECORATIVE FINISH
Authors: Mammaev M M
Published: June 2019

The article covers the problems of decorative finish of Muslim gravestones of the 14th - 15th centuries in the village of Kubachi. The author of the article describes the technique of headstone carving, shows that specialties of stone-cutters, calligraphers and ornamentalists were inherited, and notes that the decorative finish of the gravestones was made by the local stone-cutters with the direct participation of the craftsmen who arrived or were specially invited from the countries of the Middle East. In the article, the evolution of decorative finish of the gravestones is traced from comparatively simple Late Cufic Arabic ornamental inscriptions with some elements of floral ornament to complex patterned and epigraphic compositions, in which Late Cufic relief, ornamentally decorated and calligraphically executed inscriptions were made against the background of the relief floral ornament. Arabic ornamental inscriptions include shahadah - monotheism formula: “There is no deity except Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah”; sayings: “Death is a cup, everyone drinks from it; grave is a gate, everyone enters it”, etc. On some headstones there are Quranic sayings: “There is no deity except Allah, ever-living, existing: neither slumber nor sleep overtakes Him; to Him belongs whatever is in the heavens, and whatever is on the earth” (Quran, II. 256). The author of the article notes that there is a great variety in the treatment of the Arabic ornamental inscriptions of the gravestones caused both by the forms of the letters and by their decoration. It is noted that the sayings on the gravestones of the 14th - 15th centuries in Kubachi are widespread epitaphs on Muslim headstones in a large area (they were found on headstones in the village of Kalakoreish in Dakhadaevsky District, the village of Kumukh in Lak District, the village of Tatil of Tabasaransky District, etc.), they existed for a long time and became aphorisms. The article also contains the names of the buried people, which were carved on the headstones of the village of Kubachi. Most of them are pre-Islamic and are not readable because in many cases they have no vocalization (diacritic marks) indicating vowel sounds.
EPITAFIES OF THE RELATIVES OF HADJI IBRAHIM AL-URADI AS A SOURCE ON THE BIOGRAPHY OF THE SCIENTIST AND ON THE HISTORY OF GIDATL
Authors: Khapizov Sh M , Shekhmagomedov M G
Published: June 2019

The article is devoted to the study of inscriptions on the gravestones of Haji Ibrahim al-Uradi, his father, brothers and other relatives. The information revealed during the translation of these inscriptions allows one to date important events from the history of Highland Dagestan. Also we can reconsider the look at some important events from the past of Hidatl. Epitaphs are interesting in and of themselves, as historical and cultural monuments that needed to be studied and attributed. Research of epigraphy data monuments clarifies periodization medieval epitaphs mountain Dagestan using record templates and features of the Arabic script. We see the study of medieval epigraphy as one of the important tasks of contemporary Caucasian studies facing Dagestani researchers. Given the relatively weak illumination of the picture of events of that period in historical sources, comprehensive work in this direction can fill gaps in our knowledge of the medieval history of Dagestan. In addition, these epigraphs are of great importance for researchers of onomastics, linguistics, the history of culture and religion of Dagestan. The authors managed to clarify the date of death of Ibrahim-Haji al-Uradi, as well as his two sons. These data, the attraction of written sources and legends allowed the reconstruction of the events of the second half of the 18th century. For example, because of the epidemic of plague and the death of most of the population of Hidatl, this society noticeably weakened and could no longer maintain its influence on Akhvakh. The attraction of memorable records allowed us to specify the dates of the Ibrahim-Haji pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina, as well as the route through which he traveled to these cities.
THE MUNICIPAL COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL IN DAGESTAN IN THE 1920s-1990s
Authors: Mirzabekov M Ya
Published: June 2019

The article deals with the history and problems of the development of the municipal comprehensive school in Dagestan in the 1920s - 1990s. Basing on the analysis of various archival materials, statistical data, population census data, works of Dagestan historians on the problem under consideration, the author of the article reconstructs an objective scientific picture of the development of the municipal comprehensive school of the region for eight decades of last century. The article covers the school network expansion, quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of the students in them. Much attention is paid to strengthening of the material and technical base, increasing the number and quality of teaching staff in municipal comprehensive schools of the republic. The author considers qualitative changes in the structure of municipal comprehensive schools of the republic, regularities and regional features of their development within the decades under study. The important problem, reflected in the article, is the introduction of universal primary, eight-year and secondary education of the rising generation in Dagestan towns. The author analyzes the reasons, economic and socio-cultural consequences of solving of socially significant tasks of universal education in towns and focuses on the great work of the power structures of the republic in this context. The article also covers the assistance of the federal center in the development of comprehensive schools in the region, including the municipal ones.