bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Facile TiCl4‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Novel 1,2,4‐Triazoles Appended to Thiazoles.
Authors: Gireesh T. , Kamble R. R. , Hunnur R. K. , Taj T. , Kariduraganavar M. Y.
Published: March 2012

Titanium tetrachloride catalyzed insertion of thiourea into the sydnone‐derived oxadiazoles (I) followed by condensation with bromoacetophenones (III) yields the novel thiazole‐substituted triazoles (IV) in a one‐pot procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Reusable Ammonium Salt‐Tagged NHC—Cu(I) Complexes: Preparation and Catalytic Application in the Three Component Click Reaction.
Authors: Wang Wenlong , Wu Junliang , Xia Chungu , Li Fuwei
Published: March 2012

The reaction is conducted under environmentally benign conditions in water.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 2‐Styryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles from Cinnamic Acid Hydrazide and Triethyl Orthoesters.
Authors: Kudelko Agnieszka , Zielinski Wojciech
Published: March 2012

A microwave‐assisted procedure allows the rapid and high‐yielding cyclocondensation.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Cyclization of N‐Alkyl‐2‐arylhydrazonothioacetamides.
Authors: Belskaya N. P. , Bolgova A. I. , Kondrat'eva M. L. , El'tsov O. S. , Bakulev V. A.
Published: March 2012

Oxidative cyclization of the title hydrazonothioacetamides (I) by action of NCS, Br2 or I2 affords 4‐cyano‐5‐imino‐1,2,3‐thiazoles in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Implanting Nitrogen into Hydrocarbon Molecules Through C—H and C—C Bond Cleavages: A Direct Approach to Tetrazoles.
Authors: Chen Feng , Qin Chong , Cui Yuxin , Jiao Ning
Published: March 2012

The copper‐promoted direct insertion of nitrogen into alkenes and simple hydrocarbon molecules results in formation of 1,5‐disubstituted tetrazoles under mild and neutral conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Chemistry: Solvent‐ and Metal‐Free Prins Cyclization. Application to Sequential Reactions.
Authors: Clarisse Damien , Pelotier Beatrice , Piva Olivier , Fache Fabienne
Published: March 2012

4‐Halogenated tetrahydropyran products are obtained in good to excellent yields via Prins cyclization between a homoallylic alcohol and an aldehyde in the presence of a trimethylsilyl halide under solvent‐ and catalyst‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,3,5,6‐Tetrahydro‐1‐alkyl/aryl‐1H‐benzo[f]chromen‐3‐ol Derivatives from β‐Tetralones and α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Chen Jung‐Hsuan , Chang Chihliang , Chang Hui‐Ju , Chen Kwunmin
Published: March 2012

The organocatalytic enantioselective domino Michael‐hemiacetalization of β‐tetralones (I) and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes (II) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of a Novel Acyl‐CoA: Cholesterol Acyltransferase Inhibitor: The Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Reduced Adrenal Toxicity of (4‐Phenylcoumarin)acetanilide Derivatives with a Carboxylic Acid Moiety.
Authors: Ogino Masaki , et al. et al.
Published: March 2012

The introduction of a carboxylic acid moiety on the pendant phenyl ring and the adjustment of the lipophilicity are accomplished on previously described (4‐phenylcoumarine)acetanilide derivatives like (I) or (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydrocoumarins via Substrate‐Controlled [1,3]‐ or [3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement.
Authors: Xu Xiangsheng , Li Xiaoqing , Yan Xinhuan , Wang Hanshen , Deng Yun , Shao Jiangbin
Published: March 2012

Phenyl‐ and naphthyl‐substituted substrates (I) and (III) undergo tandem rearrangement—cyclization under identical conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Flavone Derivatives via DMAP‐Catalyzed Cyclization of o‐Alkynoylphenols.
Authors: Yoshida Masahito , Fujino Yuta , Saito Koya , Doi Takayuki
Published: March 2012

DMAP as catalyst and DMF as solvent are found to be optimal for the exclusive formation of 6‐endo products.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusually Mild and Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized Spiro‐Substituted 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydronicotinamides by the Michael Reaction.
Authors: Dyachenko V. D. , Dyachenko I. E.
Published: March 2012

The mechanism for the tranformation of the nitrile group into an amide and the biological properties of title compounds (III) are under investigation.
ChemInform Abstract: New Approach to the Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐3,5‐dicyano‐6‐oxo‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyridin‐2‐olates (Salts of Guareschi Imides).
Authors: Chigorina E. A. , Dotsenko V. V. , Krivokolysko S. G.
Published: March 2012

The method is efficient procedure for the synthesis of 4‐aryl substituted Guareschi imides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of 1‐Alkyl‐N‐ [(1R)‐1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐methylpropyl]piperidine‐4‐carboxamide Derivatives as Novel Antihypertensive Agents.
Authors: Watanuki Susumu , Matsuura Keisuke , Tomura Yuichi , Okada Minoru , Okazaki Toshio , Ohta Mitsuaki , Tsukamoto Shin‐ichi
Published: March 2012

Synthesis, SAR, and pharmacological properties of a novel class of antihypertensive agents are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Substituted Pyridines Using NH4OAc as Nitrogen Source.
Authors: Trilleras Jorge , De La Torre Pedro , Pacheco Dency J. , Quiroga Jairo , Nogueras Manuel , Cobo Justo
Published: March 2012

The compounds (III) are synthesized by a tandem Claisen—Schmidt condensation/ Michael addition reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: BF3·Et2O and Trifluoroacetic Acid/Triethyl Amine Mediated Synthesis of Functionalized Piperidines.
Authors: Mohite Amar R. , Sultane Prakash R. , Bhat Ramakrishna G.
Published: March 2012

The diastereoselective synthesis of trans‐substituted piperidine derivatives (II) is achieved by N‐deprotection of esters (I) with TFA followed by NEt3‐mediated intramolecular aza‐Michael addition.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinolone Dimers as Potential Antibacterial Agents.
Authors: Chepyala Naveenkumar R. , Durgi Rajashaker R. , Tatini Lakshmi K. , Subbaraju Gottumukkala V. , Hindupur Rama M. , Dhanvada Muralimohan R.
Published: March 2012

The compounds (IV), (V), and (VIII) are tested in vitro for their activity against the Gram‐negative bacteria E.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise One‐Pot Approach to the Synthesis of 4‐(1H‐Indol‐3‐yl)quinolines.
Authors: Arcadi Antonio , Chiarini Marco , Marinelli Fabio , Picchini Silvia
Published: March 2012

The synthesis of title compounds (III) involves the conjugate addition reaction of NaI to alkynes (I) followed by cyclization to give 2‐arylated 4‐iodoquinoline intermediates which undergo Pd‐catalyzed reaction with the ortho‐(trifluoroacetylamino)aryl substituted alkynes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quinolines Involving Electrophilic Amination of Arenes with Sodium Azide in Polyphosphoric Acid.
Authors: Lyakhovnenko A. S. , Kugutov M. M. , Aksenov A. V.
Published: March 2012

Using the reagent combination sodium azide/polyphosphoric acid, this one‐pot, consecutive reaction of sodium azide and dicarbonyl compounds (II) with an aromatic compound (I) affords the quinolines (III) in low to moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of 4‐Arylquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones and 3‐Alkenyl‐4‐arylquinolin‐2(1H)‐one Using a Pd/NiFe2O4‐Catalyzed Consecutive Heck Reaction.
Authors: Borhade Sanjay R. , Waghmode Suresh B.
Published: March 2012

The synthesis of title arylquinolinones (IV) and the corresponding coumarin derivatives (XI) is achieved by consecutive Heck reaction of o‐iodoanilines (I) and o‐iodophenol (X), resp., with acrylic acid (II) and aryl iodides (III) in the presence of Pd—NiFe2O4 as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphene Oxide and Rose Bengal: Oxidative C—H Functionalization of Tertiary Amines Using Visible Light.
Authors: Pan Yuanhang , Wang Shuai , Kee Choon Wee , Dubuisson Emilie , Yang Yuanyong , Loh Kian Ping , Tan Choon‐Hong
Published: March 2012

The approach avoids the use of metal catalysts and stoichiometric amounts of peroxy compounds as terminal oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid Assisted Activation of Imide Carbonyl Group: Regioselective Synthesis of Isoindoloisoquinolinone Alkaloid (.+‐.)‐Nuevamine.
Authors: Selvakumar Jayaraman , Ramanathan Chinnasamy Ramaraj
Published: March 2012

The intramolecular cyclization of phenethylphthalimides (I) and (IV) gives a fused isoindoloisoquinolinone skeleton.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization of 2‐Alkynylacetophenones and 3‐Acetyl‐2‐alkynylpyridines in the Presence of Ammonia.
Authors: Dell'Acqua Monica , Abbiati Giorgio , Arcadi Antonio , Rossi Elisabetta
Published: March 2012

Silver triflate is the catalyst of choice for the microwave‐promoted domino nucleophilic addition/annulation reaction of a variety of 2‐alkynyl‐acetophenones (I) and acetyl‐2‐alkynylpyridines (IV) in the presence of ammonia.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Fluorine‐Containing Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridinones as Promising Drug Precursors.
Authors: Golubev A. S. , Starostin G. S. , Chunikhin K. S. , Peregudov A. S. , Rodygin K. C. , Rubtsova S. A. , Slepukhin P. A. , Kuchin A. V. , Chkanikov N. D.
Published: March 2012

The approaches to the synthesis of earlier unknown title compounds containing the 4‐ArSCF2 and 4‐ArSCHF groups involve i) direct annulation of substituted aminopyrazoles (I) with halogenated acetoacetates like (II), (V), and (X), and ii) replacement of the Br atom of the 4‐CF2Br group, or the Cl atom of the 4‐CHFCl group by sodium arenethiolates (VII) and (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,3,6,8‐Tetraazapyrenes.
Authors: Aksenov A. V. , Lyakhovnenko A. S. , Perlova T. S. , Aksenova I. V.
Published: March 2012

The use of formic acid for the ring closure allows the synthesis of unsubstituted 1,3,6,8‐tetraazapyrene (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Mono‐ and Bis‐Pyrimido[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles: Alum‐Catalyzed Regioselective Three‐ or Pseudo Five‐Component Reaction of 2‐Aminobenzimidazole with Aldehyde and Malononitrile.
Authors: Karimi Ali R. , Bayat Fahimeh
Published: March 2012

The efficient and regioselective one‐pot synthesis of the compounds (IV) and (VI) uses an inexpensive, water‐soluble, non‐toxic, and commercially available catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 7‐Benzyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydropyrido[4′,3′:4,5]thieno [2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐ones via Aza‐Wittig Reaction.
Authors: Chen Hong , Yan Kai , Liu Ming‐Guo
Published: March 2012

A facile and efficient one‐pot route for the synthesis of the title compounds (IV), (VI), and (VIII) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Sildenafil Citrate and Process Related Impurities.
Authors: Kumar Indukuri V. S. , Ramanjaneyulu Gorantla S. , Bindu Vurimindi H.
Published: March 2012

The selective O‐alkylation of the compound (I) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1H‐1,5,7‐Triazacyclopenta[c,d]phenalenes Involving Electrophilic Amination of 1H‐Perimidines with Sodium Azide in Polyphosphoric Acid.
Authors: Aksenov A. V. , Lyakhovnenko A. S. , Andrienko A. V.
Published: March 2012

The peri‐annulation of the pyrrole ring to perimidines is based on the reagent combination sodium azide/polyphosphoric acid and affords the hitherto unknown title compounds (III) in a one‐pot fashion.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Microwave‐Assisted S‐Arylation Towards the Synthesis of 8‐Arylsulfanyl Adenines.
Authors: Sun Weilin , Patel Pallav D. , Stephani Ralph A. , Chiosis Gabriela
Published: March 2012

Optimized conditions are developed for the different types of substrates to prepare the pharmaceutically important title compounds in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines.
Authors: Huang Aiping , Liu Feng , Zhan Chunjing , Liu Yanli , Ma Chen
Published: March 2012

Title compounds (III), (VI) and its analogues (VIII), (X), and (XII) are synthesized via the transition metal free regioselective condensation of 1,2‐dihalobenzenes or 2‐halonitroarenes (I), (IV) (VII), and (IX) with pyrrole‐2‐carboxamides derivatives (II), (V), and (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Method for Parallel Synthesis of Diversely Substituted 1‐Phenylpiperazines.
Authors: Konstantinov Igor , Bukhryakov Konstantin , Gezentsvey Yuri , Krasavin Mikhail
Published: March 2012

The simple and practical method used for the synthesis of title compounds (III) fails for anilines containing a basic motif like 4‐aminopyridine and for unreactive heteroaromatic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 6,7‐Dimethoxy‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline with o‐Quinone Methides.
Authors: Osyanin V. A. , Ivleva E. A. , Osipov D. V. , Klimochkin Yu. N.
Published: March 2012

Whereas o‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols (I) give N‐alkylation products with title reagent (II), Mannich bases (IV) react in a [4+2] cycloaddition.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of Oxonine Derivatives from 3‐[(2‐Aminophenyl)amino]‐5,5‐dimethyl‐2‐cyclohexene‐1‐one and o‐Quinones.
Authors: Ukhin Lev Yu. , Suponitsky Kyrill Yu. , Shepelenko Eugenii N. , Belousova Lyudmila V. , Borodkin Gennadii S.
Published: March 2012

The reaction of unsymmetrical o‐quinones (I) and (V) with title compound (II) in the presence of TFA gives novel 9‐membered lactones (III) and (VI), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 2‐Hydroxymethylphenols with Lawesson′s Reagent.
Authors: Osyanin V. A. , Ivleva E. A. , Klimochkin Yu. N.
Published: March 2012

The reaction mechanism probably includes the thermal generation of an o‐quinone methide and subsequent 1,4‐addition of a Lawesson reagent monomer.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanocene Dichloride as an Efficient Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonates.
Authors: Niu Hong‐Ying , Li Hui‐Juan , Li Jian‐Ping , Huang Yu , Mao Run‐Ze , Li De‐Yang , Qu Gui‐Rong , Guo Hai‐Ming
Published: March 2012

A chemoselective, green, rapid, and convenient method for the synthesis of title compounds (IV), (VI), and (VIII) uses a safe, inexpensive, and commercially available catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: An Effective Catalytic α‐Phosphoryloxylation of Ketones with Iodobenzene.
Authors: Pu Ye , Gao Liumian , Liu Huijun , Yan Jie
Published: March 2012

The reaction proceeds through intermediate formation of hypervalent hydroxyiodo compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Alkylation of Triethylammonium 3,5,5‐Tricyano‐4,6‐di (2‐thienyl)‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐2‐selenolate.
Authors: Frolov K. A. , Krivokolysko S. G.
Published: March 2012

The synthesis of the new selenium‐substituted tetrahydropyridine (IV) and its alkylation are described.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rearrangement in the Reaction of 2‐Bromomethyl‐1,3‐thiaselenole with Ethanol: Synthesis of 2‐Ethoxy‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,4‐thiaselenine.
Authors: Amosova S. V. , Penzik M. V. , Potapov V. A. , Albanov A. I.
Published: March 2012

Thiaselenole derivative (I) rearranges by nucleophilic substitution and subsequent ring expansion to furnish the hitherto unknown dihydrothiaselenine (III), obtained together with polymerization products.
ChemInform Abstract: Annulation of Phenyl Propargyl Ether with Selenium Dichloride.
Authors: Musalov M. V. , Potapov V. A. , Amosova S. V.
Published: March 2012

The selective preparation of the hitherto unknown dihydrobenzoxaselenine (II) is achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Semisquaraine Regioisomers: Isolation, Divergent Chemical Reactivity and Photophysical Properties.
Authors: Avirah Rekha R. , Jyothish Kuthanapillil , Suresh Cherumuttathu H. , Suresh Eringathodi , Ramaiah Danaboyina
Published: March 2012

The reaction of quinaldinium iodides (I) with squaric acid (II) and butanol leads to zwitterionic semisquaraines (IV) in high yields, whilst similar reaction of salts (I) with 1,4‐dibutyl squarate (V) gives rise to neutral isomers (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Hybrid Photochromes Containing Fulgimide and Salicylidenaniline Fragments and Study of Their Properties.
Authors: Luyksaar S. I. , Platonova I. V. , Krayushkin M. M. , Barachevskii V. A. , Molchanov S. P.
Published: March 2012

Various fulgimides (I) are synthesized which exhibit photochromic properties in solution and also in solid‐phase films.
ChemInform Abstract: Salacetal, and Oleanane‐Type Triterpene from Salacia longipes var. camerunensis.
Authors: Mba'ning Brice M. , Lenta Bruno N. , Ngouela Silvere , Noungoue Diderot T. , Tantangmo Ferdinand , Talontsi Ferdinand M. , Tsamo Etienne , Laatsch Hartmut
Published: March 2012

All isolated compounds including salacetal (I) are tested for their antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, as well as their anti fungal potency against Candida albicans and Mucor miehei.
ChemInform Abstract: Transesterification of α‐Amino Esters Catalyzed by a Tetranuclear Zinc Cluster: Zn4(OCOCF3)6O.
Authors: Maegawa Yusuke , Agura Kazushi , Hayashi Yukiko , Ohshima Takashi , Mashima Kazushi
Published: March 2012

It is demonstrated that the zinc cluster efficiently promotes the transesterification of N‐protected α‐amino acid methyl esters with a variety of alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Derivatives and Their Nucleoside Analogues with Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities.
Authors: Fadda A. A. , Abdel‐Rahman A. A.‐H. , El‐Sayed W. A. , Zidan T. A. , Badria F. A.
Published: March 2012

The title compound (VI) shows the highest antioxidant activity and (III) exhibits strong cytotoxicity.
ChemInform Abstract: Atacamycins A—C, 22‐Membered Antitumor Macrolactones Produced by Streptomyces sp. C38.
Authors: Fiedler Hans‐Peter , et al. et al.
Published: March 2012

Title compounds (I) are found to exhibit moderate inhibitory effects against phosphodiesterase (PDE‐4B2).
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Products‐Based Insecticidal Agents. Part 8. Design, Semisynthesis and Insecticidal Activity of Novel O‐(Deoxypodophyllotoxin‐4′‐yl)‐(N‐((un)substituted benzyl)indol‐3‐yl)glyoxylesters Against Mythimna separata Walker.
Authors: Wang Yi , Xu Hui
Published: March 2012

Title compounds (I) are synthesized starting from indoles and benzyl chlorides.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Absolute Configuration of Avenolide, Extracellular Factor in Streptomyces avermitilis.
Authors: Uchida Miho , Takamatsu Satoshi , Arima Shiho , Miyamoto Kiyoko T. , Kitani Shigeru , Nihira Takuya , Ikeda Haruo , Nagamitsu Tohru
Published: March 2012

(4S,10R)‐Avenolide (I), its (4S,10S)‐isomer and 10‐deoxy avenolide are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Protective Diffusion Coatings on Magnesium Alloys: A Review of Recent Developments
Authors: Zhong Cheng , Liu Fan , Wu Yating , Le Jingjing , Liu Lei , He Meifeng , Zhu Jiacai , Hu Wenbin
Published: March 2012

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Inorganic Chemistry — Its Journey Through Time
Authors: Banerjea D.
Published: March 2012

Review: 443 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oligomeric Group 13 Hydroxide Compounds — A Rare But Varied Class of Molecules
Authors: Mensinger Zachary L. , Wang Wei , Keszler Douglas A. , Johnson Darren W.
Published: March 2012

Review: tutorial review; 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Layered Nanocomposites Inspired by the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Nacre
Authors: Wang Jianfeng , Cheng Qunfeng , Tang Zhiyong
Published: March 2012

Review: 148 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oil—Water Interfacial Self‐Assembly: A Novel Strategy for Nanofilm and Nanodevice Fabrication
Authors: Hu Linfeng , Chen Min , Fang Xiaosheng , Wu Limin
Published: March 2012

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Route to Synthesize MgO Nanocrystals by Combustion Technique
Authors: Kaviyarasu K. , Devarajan Prem Anand
Published: March 2012

Review: 16 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Study Progresses of (K,Na)NbO3‐Based Lead‐Free Piezoelectric Ceramics
Authors: Zhang J. L. , Zong X. J. , Gao Y. , Qing Y. L. , Zhao M. L. , Wang C. L.
Published: March 2012

Review: 16 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Applications of Multifunctional Catalysts Based on Inorganic Oxides
Authors: Bisio Chiara , Gatti Giorgio , Marchese Leonardo , Guidotti Matteo , Psaro Rinaldo
Published: March 2012

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Protoilludanes and Related Sesquiterpenes
Authors: Siengalewicz Peter , Mulzer Johann , Rinner Uwe
Published: March 2012

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards the Systematic Exploration of Chemical Space
Authors: Dow Mark , Fisher Martin , James Thomas , Marchetti Francesco , Nelson Adam
Published: March 2012

Review: biologically active small molecules, synthetic strategies that may allow chemical space to be explored more systematically; approaches that allow the scaffolds of small molecules to be varied combinatorially; ca. 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoarchitectonics for Mesoporous Materials
Authors: Ariga Katsuhiko , Vinu Ajayan , Yamauchi Yusuke , Ji Qingmin , Hill Jonathan P.
Published: March 2012

Review: e.g. semiconductive materials, organic composites, carbon nitride, boron nitride, mesoporous silica etc.; 551 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Selective Chemical Transformations under Flow Conditions: The Combination of Supported Catalysts and Supercritical Fluids
Authors: Burguete M. Isabel , Garcia‐Verdugo Eduardo , Luis Santiago V.
Published: March 2012

Review: 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptide‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Kudo Kazuaki , Akagawa Kengo
Published: March 2012

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis Using Polymer‐Immobilized Proline Derivatives
Authors: Gruttadauria Michelangelo , Giacalone Francesco , Noto Renato
Published: March 2012

Review: 148 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organofluorine Chemistry: Deoxyfluorination Reagents for C—F Bond Synthesis
Authors: Al‐Maharik Nawaf , O'Hagan David
Published: March 2012

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Peroxide‐Mediated Wacker Oxidations for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Michel Brian W. , Sigman Matthew S.
Published: March 2012

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Drug Discovery Research Targeting the CXC Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4)
Authors: Choi Won‐Tak , Duggineni Srinivas , Xu Yan , Huang Ziwei , An Jing
Published: March 2012

Review: 203 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical and Photophysical Behavior of Thiophene
Authors: D'Auria Maurizio
Published: March 2012

Review: ca. 1000 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lead‐Oriented Synthesis: A New Opportunity for Synthetic Chemistry
Authors: Nadin Alan , Hattotuwagama Channa , Churcher Ian
Published: March 2012

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Propargylic Substitution Reactions of Propargylic Alcohol Derivatives with Nucleophiles
Authors: Nishibayashi Yoshiaki
Published: March 2012

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Alkylations with Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Bandini Marco , Cera Gianpiero , Chiarucci Michel
Published: March 2012

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of New Glycopeptide Antibiotics
Authors: Ashford Polly‐Anna , Bew Sean P.
Published: March 2012

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Trace Metal Impurities in Catalysis
Authors: Thome Isabelle , Nijs Anne , Bolm Carsten
Published: March 2012

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Field of Oxa‐Michael Reactions
Authors: Nising Carl F. , Braese Stefan
Published: March 2012

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐Benzoquinones in Diels—Alder Reactions, Dipolar Cycloadditions, Nucleophilic Additions, Multicomponent Reactions and More
Authors: Nair Vijay , Menon Rajeev S. , Biju Akkattu T. , Abhilash K. G.
Published: March 2012

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Methodologies for the Synthesis of Spiro Compounds
Authors: Rios Ramon
Published: March 2012

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorescent Indicators Based on BODIPY
Authors: Boens Noel , Leen Volker , Dehaen Wim
Published: March 2012

Review: 206 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of C8‐Aryl Purines, Nucleosides, and Phosphoramidites
Authors: Thomsen Nissa M. , Vongsutilers Vorasit , Gannett Peter M.
Published: March 2012

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of “Nucleophilic” Organometallic Reagents
Authors: Rifin David H. Brown
Published: March 2012

Review: 127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Update on Recent Stoichiometric and Catalytic C—F Bond Cleavage Reactions by Lanthanide and Group 4 Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Klahn Marcus , Rosenthal Uwe
Published: March 2012

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Breaking C—F Bonds via Nucleophilic Attack of Coordinated Ligands: Transformations from C—F to C—X Bonds (X = H, N, O, S)
Authors: Nova Ainara , Mas‐Balleste Ruben , Lledos Agusti
Published: March 2012

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Resolution of Chiral Drugs
Authors: You Qi‐Dong
Published: March 2012

Review: 122 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cooperative Lewis Acid/N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis
Authors: Cohen Daniel T. , Scheidt Karl A.
Published: March 2012

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoporous Membranes Based on Liquid Crystalline Polymers
Authors: Schenning Albertus P. H. J. , Gonzalez‐Lemus Youseli C. , Shishmanova Ivelina K. , Broer Dirk J.
Published: March 2012

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkanesulfonic Acids and Acyclic Derivatives (Update 2011)
Authors: Lyzwa P.
Published: March 2012

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Templated Synthesis of Catenanes and Rotaxanes
Authors: Chambron Jean‐Claude , Sauvage Jean‐Pierre
Published: March 2012

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Liquid Phase Oxidation with Supported Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Dimitratos Nikolaos , Lopez‐Sanchez Jose A. , Hutchings Graham J.
Published: March 2012

Review: 206 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanocrystalline Magnesium Oxide for Asymmetric Organic Reactions
Authors: Kantam Mannepalli Lakshmi , Chintareddy Venkat Reddy
Published: March 2012

Review: 160 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Oxonium Derivatives as an Efficient Synthetic Tool for the Modification of Polyhedral Boron Hydrides
Authors: Sivaev Igor B. , Bregadze Vladimir I.
Published: March 2012

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorus‐Substituted Carboranes in Catalysis
Authors: Bauer Sebastian , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie
Published: March 2012

Review: 128 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Terpene Biosynthesis: Modularity Rules
Authors: Oldfield Eric , Lin Fu‐Yang
Published: March 2012

Review: about 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Mammalian Gene Networks as a Blueprint for the Design of Interactive Biohybrid Materials
Authors: Jakobus Kathrin , Wend Sabrina , Weber Wilfried
Published: March 2012

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: P450BM3 (CYP102A1): Connecting the Dots
Authors: Whitehouse Christopher J. C. , Bell Stephen G. , Wong Luet‐Lok
Published: March 2012

Review: 455 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Pharmacognostic Approach to the Polygala Genus: Phytochemical and Pharmacological Aspects
Authors: Klein Luiz Carlos Jr. , Faloni de Andrade Sergio , Cechinel Filho Valdir
Published: March 2012

Review: 136 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ethnobotany, Chemistry, and Biological Activities of the Genus Tithonia (Asteraceae)
Authors: Chagas‐Paula Daniela A. , Oliveira Rejane B. , Rocha Bruno A. , Da Costa Fernando B.
Published: March 2012

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phytochemical and Biological Studies of Ochna Species
Authors: Bandi Anil Kumar Reddy , Lee Dong‐Ung , Tih Raphael Ghogomu , Gunasekar Duvvaru , Bodo Bernard
Published: March 2012

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Host—Guest Sensing by Calixarenes on the Surfaces
Authors: Kim Hyun Jung , Lee Min Hee , Mutihac Lucia , Vicens Jacques , Kim Jong Seung
Published: March 2012

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Optical Chemosensors and Reagents to Detect Explosives
Authors: Salinas Yolanda , Martinez‐Manez Ramon , Marcos Maria D. , Sancenon Felix , Costero Ana M. , Parra Margarita , Gil Salvador
Published: March 2012

Review: [141 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Upconversion Nanophosphors for Small‐Animal Imaging
Authors: Zhou Jing , Liu Zhuang , Li Fuyou
Published: March 2012

Review: 276 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Methods for SAR Visualization
Authors: Stumpfe Dagmar , Bajorath Juergen
Published: March 2012

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Charge Transfer in Organic Molecules for Solar Cells: Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Zhao Yi , Liang WanZhen
Published: March 2012

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Engineering—Ordered Nanostructured Small Molecule Amphiphile Self‐Assembly Materials by Design
Authors: Fong Celesta , Le Tu , Drummond Calum J.
Published: March 2012

Review: 225 refs.
A new solution algorithm for solving rule‐sets based bilevel decision problems
Authors: Lu Jie , Zheng Zheng , Zhang Guangquan , He Qing , Shi Zhongzhi
Published: March 2012

Bilevel decision addresses compromises between two interacting decision entities within a given hierarchical complex system under distributed environments. Bilevel programming typically solves bilevel decision problems. However, formulation of objectives and constraints in mathematical functions is required, which are difficult, and sometimes impossible, in real‐world situations because of various uncertainties. Our study develops a rule‐set based bilevel decision approach, which models a bilevel decision problem by creating, transforming and reducing related rule sets. This study develops a new rule‐sets based solution algorithm to obtain an optimal solution from the bilevel decision problem described by rule sets. A case study and a set of experiments illustrate both functions and the effectiveness of the developed algorithm in solving a bilevel decision problem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallelizing a Black‐Scholes solver based on finite elements and sparse grids
Authors: Bungartz H.‐J. , Heinecke A. , Pflüger D. , Schraufstetter S.
Published: March 2012

We present the parallelization of a sparse grid finite element discretization of the Black–Scholes equation, which is commonly used for option pricing. Sparse grids allow to handle higher dimensional options than classical approaches on full grids and can be extended to a fully adaptive discretization method. We introduce the algorithmical structure of efficient algorithms operating on sparse grids and demonstrate how they can be used to derive an efficient parallelization with OpenMP of the Black–Scholes solver. We show results on different commodity hardware systems based on multi‐core architectures with up to 24 cores and discuss the parallel performance using Intel and Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) CPUs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Special Conjugated Model around sp3 Carbon Atoms: Density Functional Theory Study on the Homoaromatic Electron Delocalization and Applications of Benzo‐Fused Tetra(triptycene)porphyrins
Authors: Qi Dongdong , Zhang Lijuan , Zhao Luyang , Cai Xue , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: March 2012

The three‐unit homoaromatic electron‐delocalizing nature of the benzo‐fused tetra(triptycene)porphyrins (TTPs) with a three‐dimensional conjugated model is clarified using density functional theory studies. Due to the electron delocalization, the unidirectional photon‐induced current of this kind of TTP molecular skeleton with a highest efficiency of about 90 % in the range between 350 and 500 nm gives them great potential as efficient solar antenna collectors. In addition, their active triptycene cups fused at the central porphyrin core render possible potential application in host–guest chemistry.
Chemiluminescence detection of cannabinoids and related compounds with acidic potassium permanganate
Authors: Holland Brendan J. , Francis Paul S. , Li Bingshan , Tsuzuki Takuya , Adcock Jacqui L. , Barnett Neil W. , Conlan Xavier A.
Published: March 2012

This is the first report of chemiluminescence from the reaction of cannabinoids with acidic potassium permanganate, which we have applied to the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of cannabidiol (CBD) in industrial‐grade hemp. The intensities of the light‐producing reactions with two commercially available cannabinoid standards were compared to that of seven model phenolic analytes. Resorcinol, representing the parent phenolic moiety of the cannabinoid class, was shown to react with the permanganate reagents in a manner more similar to phenol than to its hydroxyphenol positional isomers, pyrocatechol and hydroquinone. Alkyl substituents on the phenolic ring, however, have a considerable impact on emission intensity that is dependent upon the position of the groups and the composition of the permanganate reagent. This analytical approach has potential for the determination of other cannabinoids including Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol in drug‐grade cannabis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The evolution of dispersal conditioned on migration status
Authors: Asaduzzaman Sarder Mohammed , Wild Geoff
Published: March 2012

We consider a model for the evolution of dispersal of offspring. Dispersal is treated as a parental trait that is expressed conditional upon a parent’s own “migration status,” that is, whether a parent, itself, is native or nonnative to the area in which it breeds. We compare the evolution of this kind of conditional dispersal to the evolution of unconditional dispersal, in order to determine the extent to which the former changes predictions about population‐wide levels of dispersal. We use numerical simulations of an inclusive‐fitness model, and individual‐based simulations to predict population‐average dispersal rates for the case in which dispersal based on migration status occurs. When our model predictions are compared to predictions that neglect conditional dispersal, observed differences between rates are only slight, and never exceed 0.06. While the effect of dispersal conditioned upon migration status could be detected in a carefully designed experiment, we argue that less‐than‐ideal experimental conditions, and factors such as dispersal conditioned on sex are likely to play a larger role that the type of conditional dispersal studied here.
Causal uncertainty during initial interactions
Authors: Boucher Eliane M. , Jacobson Jill A.
Published: March 2012

Causal uncertainty (CU) refers to persistent doubts people have about their ability to understand causes of social events. Although such confusion about social dynamics should affect social exchanges, previous research has been limited to the realm of social cognition (i.e., computer‐based studies exploring perceptions of hypothetical others). In three studies, we explored CU effects during real‐time social interactions with unacquainted conversational partners. We found that high CU participants perceived their conversations and conversational partners more negatively than did low CU participants and that these negative social perceptions stemmed from an inability to sufficiently reduce their cognitive uncertainty. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical modelling of carbon fibre‐reinforced polymer and hybrid reinforced concrete beams in fire
Authors: Rafi Muhammad Masood , Nadjai Ali
Published: March 2012

Investigation on the fire resistance of fibre‐reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforced concrete (RC) is essential for increased application of FRP bars in the construction industry. Experimental tests for determining the fire resistance of RC elements tend to be expensive and time‐consuming. Although numerical models provide an effective alternative to these tests, their use in case of FRP RC structures is hindered because of the insufficient constitutive laws for FRP bars at elevated temperatures. This paper presents the details of a numerical modelling work that was carried out for simply supported carbon FRP (CFRP) and hybrid (steel‐FRP) bar RC beams at elevated temperatures. Constitutive laws for determining temperature‐dependent strength and stiffness properties of CFRP bars are proposed. Numerical models based on finite element modelling were employed for the rational analysis of beams using the proposed constitutive laws. The behaviour of concrete was simulated by means of a smeared crack model based on the tangent stiffness solution algorithm. The employed numerical models were validated against previous experimental results. The theoretical rebar stresses were calculated in both the FRP and steel bars, and the differences are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Power Comparison of Admixture Mapping and Direct Association Analysis in Genome‐Wide Association Studies
Authors: Qin Huaizhen , Zhu Xiaofeng
Published: March 2012

When dense markers are available, one can interrogate almost every common variant across the genome via imputation and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) test, which has become a routine in current genome‐wide association studies (GWASs). As a complement, admixture mapping exploits the long‐range linkage disequilibrium (LD) generated by admixture between genetically distinct ancestral populations. It is then questionable whether admixture mapping analysis is still necessary in detecting the disease associated variants in admixed populations. We argue that admixture mapping is able to reduce the burden of massive comparisons in GWASs; it therefore can be a powerful tool to locate the disease variants with substantial allele frequency differences between ancestral populations. In this report we studied a two‐stage approach, where candidate regions are defined by conducting admixture mapping at stage 1, and single SNP association tests are followed at stage 2 within the candidate regions defined at stage 1. We first established the genome‐wide significance levels corresponding to the criteria to define the candidate regions at stage 1 by simulations. We next compared the power of the two‐stage approach with direct association analysis. Our simulations suggest that the two‐stage approach can be more powerful than the standard genome‐wide association analysis when the allele frequency difference of a causal variant in ancestral populations, is larger than 0.4. Our conclusion is consistent with a theoretical prediction by Risch and Tang ([2006] Am J Hum Genet 79:S254). Surprisingly, our study also suggests that power can be improved when we use less strict criteria to define the candidate regions at stage 1.
A Comparison of Methods Sensitive to Interactions With Small Main Effects
Authors: Culverhouse Robert C.
Published: March 2012

Numerous genetic variants have been successfully identified for complex traits, yet these genetic factors only account for a modest portion of the predicted variance due to genetic factors. This has led to increased interest in other approaches to account for the “missing” genetic contributions to phenotype, including joint gene‐gene or gene‐environment analysis. A variety of methods for such analysis have been advocated. However, they have seldom been compared systematically. To facilitate such comparisons, the developers of the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) simulated 100 data replicates for each of 96 two‐locus models displaying negligible marginal effects from either locus (16 variations on each of six basic genetic models). The genetic models, based on a dichotomous phenotype, had varying minor allele frequencies and from two to eight distinct risk levels associated with genotype. The basic models were modified to include “noise” from combinations of missing data, genotyping error, genetic heterogeneity, and phenocopies. This study compares the performance of three methods designed to be sensitive to joint effects (MDR, support vector machines (SVMs), and the restricted partition method (RPM)) on these simulated data. In these tests, the RPM consistently outperformed the other two methods for each of the six classes of genetic models. In contrast, the comparison between other two methods had mixed results. The MDR outperformed the SVM when the true model had only a few, well‐separated risk classes; while the SVM outperformed the MDR on more complicated models. Of these methods, only MDR has a well‐developed user interface. Genet. Epidemiol. 36:303–311, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two‐Phase Stratified Sampling Designs for Regional Sequencing
Authors: Chen Zhijian , Craiu Radu V. , Bull Shelley B.
Published: March 2012

By systematic examination of common tag single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the genome, the genome‐wide association study (GWAS) has proven to be a successful approach to identify genetic variants that are associated with complex diseases and traits. Although the per base pair cost of sequencing has dropped dramatically with the advent of the next‐generation technologies, it may still only be feasible to obtain DNA sequence data for a portion of available study subjects due to financial constraints. Two‐phase sampling designs have been used frequently in large‐scale surveys and epidemiological studies where certain variables are too costly to be measured on all subjects. We consider two‐phase stratified sampling designs for genetic association, in which tag SNPs for candidate genes or regions are genotyped on all subjects in phase 1, and a proportion of subjects are selected into phase 2 based on genotypes at one or more tag SNPs. Deep sequencing in the region is then applied to genotype phase 2 subjects at sequence SNPs. We investigate alternative sampling designs for selection of phase 2 subjects within strata defined by tag SNP genotypes and develop methods of inference for sequence SNP variant associations using data from both phases. In comparison to methods that use data from phase 2 alone, the combined analysis improves efficiency. Genet. Epidemiol. 36:312–319, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Strain and its correlates among carers of people with dementia in low‐income and middle‐income countries. A 10/66 Dementia Research Group population‐based survey
Authors: Prince Martin , Brodaty Henry , Uwakwe Richard , Acosta Daisy , Ferri Cleusa P , Guerra Mariella , Huang Yueqin , Jacob KS , Llibre Rodriguez Juan J. , Salas Aquiles , Sosa Ana Luisa , Williams Joseph D. , Jotheeswaran AT , Liu Zhaorui
Published: March 2012

Objectives

In a multi‐site population‐based study in several middle‐income countries, we aimed to investigate relative contributions of care arrangements and characteristics of carers and care recipients to strain among carers of people with dementia. Based on previous research, hypotheses focused on carer sex, care inputs, behavioural and psychological symptoms (BPSD) and socioeconomic status, together with potential buffering effects of informal support and employing paid carers.

Methods

In population‐based catchment area surveys in 11 sites in Latin America, India and China, we analysed data collected from people with dementia and care needs, and their carers. Carer strain was assessed with the Zarit Burden Interview.

Results

With 673 care recipient/carer dyads interviewed (99% of those eligible), mean Zarit Burden Interview scores ranged between 17.1 and 27.9 by site. Women carers reported more strain than men. The most substantial correlates of carer strain were primary stressors BPSD, dementia severity, needs for care and time spent caring. Socioeconomic status was not associated with carer strain. Those cutting back on work experienced higher strain. There was tentative evidence for a protective effect of having additional informal or paid support.

Conclusions

Our findings underline the global impact of caring for a person with dementia and support the need for scaling up carer support, education and training. That giving up work to care was prevalent and associated with substantial increased strain emphasizes the economic impact of caring on the household. Carer benefits, disability benefits for people with dementia and respite care should all be considered. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Critical illness-related bone loss is associated with osteoclastic and angiogenic abnormalities
Authors: Owen Helen C , Vanhees Ineke , Solie Lien , Roberts Scott J , Wauters Andy , Luyten Frank P , Van Cromphaut Sophie , Van den Berghe Greet
Published: March 2012

Critically ill patients are at increased risk of fractures during rehabilitation, and can experience impaired healing of traumatic and surgical bone fractures. In addition, markers of bone resorption are markedly increased in critically ill patients, while markers of bone formation are decreased. In the current study, we have directly investigated the effect of critical illness on bone metabolism and repair. In a human in vitro model of critical illness, Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis revealed an increase in circulating CD14+/CD11b+ osteoclast precursors in critically ill patient peripheral blood compared to healthy controls. In addition, the formation of osteoclasts was increased in patient peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures compared to healthy controls, both in the presence and absence of osteoclastogenic factors receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Culturing PBMCs with 10% critically ill patient serum further increased osteoclast formation and activity in patient PBMCs only, and neutralization studies revealed that immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody signaling through the immunoreceptor Fc receptor common γ chain III (FcRγIII) played an important role. When analyzing bone formation, no differences in osteogenic differentiation were observed using human periosteal-derived cells (hPDCs) treated with patient serum in vitro, but a decrease in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGF-R1) suggested impaired vascularization. This was confirmed using serum-treated hPDCs implanted onto calcium phosphate scaffolds in a murine in vivo model of bone formation, where decreased vascularization and increased osteoclast activity led to a decrease in bone formation in scaffolds with patient serum-treated hPDCs. Together, these findings may help to define novel therapeutic targets to prevent bone loss and optimize fracture healing in critically ill patients. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A single-dose study of denosumab in patients with various degrees of renal impairment
Authors: Block Geoffrey A , Bone Henry G , Fang Liang , Lee Edward , Padhi Desmond
Published: March 2012

This 16-week study evaluated pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of denosumab in 55 subjects with renal function ranging from normal to dialysis-dependent kidney failure. Participants received a single 60-mg subcutaneous dose of denosumab. Kidney function groups were based on calculations using the Cockcroft-Gault equation and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance in place when the study was designed. Renal function did not have a significant effect on denosumab pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics. These findings suggest denosumab dose adjustment based on glomerular filtration rate is not required. Rapid decreases in serum C-telopeptide in all groups were sustained throughout the study. The most common adverse events were hypocalcemia (15%), pain in extremity (15%), and nausea (11%). Most adverse events were mild to moderate in severity. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation was not initially required by the study protocol, but was added during the trial. No subject who received adequate calcium and vitamin D supplementation became hypocalcemic. Seven subjects had nadir serum calcium concentrations between 7.5 and <8.0 mg/dL (1.9 and <2.0 mmol/L), and 5 subjects (4 with advanced renal disease) had nadir serum calcium <7.5 mg/dL (<1.9 mmol/L). Two subjects (1 symptomatic, 1 asymptomatic) were hospitalized for intravenous calcium gluconate treatment. At the recommended dose, denosumab is a useful therapeutic option for patients with impaired renal function. Supplementation of calcium and vitamin D is strongly recommended when patients initiate denosumab therapy, particularly in patients with reduced renal function. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.