bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of combined small-incision cataract surgery with sutureless trabeculectomy versus trabeculectomy using W-shaped incision
Authors: Khurana AK , Chawla U , Passi N , Jyoti A , Archana A , Yogesh A
Published: February 2011

Introduction: Manual small-incision cataract surgery with trabeculectomy is now an acceptable option in the surgical management of combined cataract and glaucoma uncontrolled with maximum tolerated medical therapy. Objective: To compare the results and complications of combined manual small-incision cataract surgery (SICS) and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation with trabeculectomy by sutureless versus W-shaped incision technique. Materials and methods: The study included 30 eyes of 28 patients with senile cataract and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) who were randomly divided into two groups. The patients in Group A (n = 15) underwent SICS with sutureless trabeculectomy and those in Group B (n =15) underwent SICS with trabeculectomy using W-shaped incision with one suture. Post-operative evaluation was done at the first post-operative day and thereafter on follow-ups at 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Results: The mean preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) in Group A was 27.33 ± 3.35 mmHg and 16.13 ± 4.30 mmHg respectively and in Group B it was 29.46 ± 6.06 mmHg and 14.66 ± 2.69 mmHg respectively. The mean reduction in IOP after 8 weeks of follow-up in Group A was 12.52 ± 3.59 mmHg and that in Group B was 16.47 ± 3.79 mmHg (p <0.001). Besides this, the uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was better in Group B postoperatively with less surgically-induced against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism. Conclusion: Combined SICS with trabeculectomy using W-shaped incision offers better prospective in terms of glaucoma control and visual performance than sutureless combined surgery. Key words: sutureless trabeculectomy; combined surgery; W-shaped trabeculectomyDOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v3i1.4272Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011;3(5):13-18
Fine needle diathermy - A choice for managing corneal vascularization
Authors: Thatte S
Published: February 2011

Introduction: Corneal vascularization develops as a result of various corneal diseases. Fine- needle diathermy (FND) is one of the methods to occlude corneal vessels. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of this method in a series of patients with corneal vascularization. Materials and methods: Twenty eight patients with corneal vascularization were treated with FND. The patients were divided into four groups according to etiological factors like pre-keratoplasty (high risk patients), increased keratopathy, recurrent inflammation and postkeratoplasty rejection .The FND was performed under local anaesthesia with the help of a corneal needle of 10-0 monofilament nylon suture. The success of treatment was evaluated in terms of regression and occlusion of corneal vessels. Results: The main aim of a complete occlusion of blood vessels was achieved in all patients. The most frequent complication seen was a transient whitening of the cornea especially around the needle entry in nine cases, which cleared within 24 hours. Conclusion: FND is a simple safe, inexpensive and effective treatment. It can be repeated and used as an alternative therapy for corneal vascularization. Key words: fine needle diathermy; corneal vascularization; occlusion of vessels; prekeratoplastyDOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v3i1.4274Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011;3(5):23-26
Effect of monocular surgery for large-angle horizontal deviation in adults
Authors: Ganguly S , Pradhan R
Published: February 2011

Background: Surgical success rate of strabismus is variable. Objective: To evaluate the outcome of monocular strabismus surgery for adults with largeangle deviation. Subjects and methods: This study was that of a retrospective interventional case series. A total of 48 consecutive adult patients with large-angle socially-noticeable strabismus underwent clinical evaluation for squint surgery. They were divided into 2 groups of which 28 had exotropia while 20 had esotropia with deviation ranging from 40 to 80 prism diopters (PD). Visual acuity measurement (V/A), cycloplegic refraction and orthoptic evaluation were done in all cases along with detailed anterior segment evaluation. Fundus examination was carried out with indirect ophthalmoscope and slit-lamp bio-microscopy with + 90 D lens. For each case, a repeat evaluation was done after a six-week interval. The surgical procedure was monocular recession and resection carried out under peri-bulbar anesthesia by the same surgeon. Post-operative visual acuity, fusion, stereopsis and ocular alignment were noted in all cases during follow up visits. Results: Successful ocular alignment (< 10 PD) was achieved in 40 patients while binocularity was noted in 3. Forty patients were happy with the cosmetic outcome and psychosocial rehabilitation. No statistically significant improvement was noted in visual acuity and binocular function. Successful alignment was related to pre-operative deviation of less than 30 degrees. Conclusion: Monocular surgery under peri-bulbar anesthesia is a useful procedure for large-angle horizontal strabismus. Key words: strabismus; exotropia; esotropia; fusion; binocularity DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v3i1.4275Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011;3(5):27-30
Ocular tuberculosis: an update
Authors: Sharma A , Thapa B , Lavaju P
Published: February 2011

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is a resurgent disease in the developed world. The World Health Organization estimates that one third of the world’s population is currently infected, with 9 million new cases occurring annually, leading to 3 million deaths per year (WHO Report, 2007). The disease affects the ocular anterior segment, the posterior segment, and adnexa. The purpose of this review is to describe the ocular manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis and to emphasize the fact that ocular tuberculosis may occur in the absence of systemic clinical activity and may mimic several clinical entities. Various studies have shown a clinical significance of purified protein derivative test results and computerized tomography of the chest while, molecular diagnostic procedures have provided a new approach to establishing the diagnosis of ocular tuberculosis. The current review focuses on the diagnostic modalities, various clinical features, and treatments for management of intraocular tuberculosis recommended in recent publications. It is an update on the manifestations and management of ocular tuberculosis. Keywords: tuberculosis; uveitis; choroiditis; granuloma; Mantoux Skin Test; Interferon-g release assays; anti tubercular treatment DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v3i1.4280Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011;3(5):52-67
A rare complication of Nd-YAG capsulotomy: Propionibacterium acnes endopthalmitis
Authors: Chaudhry M , Baisakhiya S , Bhatia MS
Published: February 2011

Posterior capsular opacification, also known as after cataract develops in 33 % of patients after uneventful cataract surgery. Nd-YAG Laser capsulotomy is the treatment of choice for PCO and is routinely performed by the general ophthalmologist on an OPD basis. Endophthalmitis, although a rare complication after Nd-YAG Laser capsulotomy, has been reported in the literature. We report a case of Propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis following laser capsulotomy and the possible mechanism of its occurrence. Key words: PCO; Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy; propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis  DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v3i1.4283Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011;3(5):80-82
Oxidation of Benzaldehyde to Benzoic Acid using Heterogenous Nial-Hydrotalcite-Like-Compounds as the Catalyst in Acetic Acid
Authors: Wu Xu , Xianmei Xie , Wu Zhenghuang
Published: February 2011

NiAl-hydrotalcite-like-compounds (NiAl HTLcs) with a unique phase and high crystallinity were synthesized utilizing urea hydrolysis. The physicochemical properties of the synthetic samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and N2-adsorption- desorption measurements. The catalysed oxidation of benzaldehyde to benzoic acid was performed using dissolved air as oxygen source in acetic acid under the following conditions: 0.1 g catalyst, the ratio V(benzaldehyde)/V(ethanoic acid) was 3/9, with a stirring speed of 800 rev min “1. The heterogeneous NiAl - HTLcs catalysts were recycled several times and showed stable activity without structural change. The reaction mechanism was elucidated via the determination of kinetic parameters. It was shown that the oxidation is of zero order, dominated by classic diffusion. The apparent activation energy was 14.13kJ mol-1.
Kinetic Studies of the Hydrolysis of Carboxylic Esters Catalysed by Ethylenediamine Nickel(Ii) Complexes
Authors: Li Shen-xin , Hu Wei , Li Jian-zhang , Wang Ying
Published: February 2011

Three novel ethylenediamine nickel(II) complexes, NiL1, NiL2 and NiL3, were synthesized and characterized, and used as mimic hydrolases in the catalytic hydrolysis of a carboxylic ester (PNPP, p-nitrophenyl picolinate). Analysis of the specific absorption spectra of the hydrolytic reaction systems indicated that the catalytic hydrolysis involved the key intermediates formed by PNPP with the nickel(II) complexes. The catalytic mechanism of PNPP hydrolysis was also proposed. The kinetic parameters of the catalytic hydrolysis were calculated, thus the activation energies (∓ 5%) for the catalytic hydrolyses are 15.1, 12.4 and 11.2 kJ mol −1, respectively.
Kinetic Studies of Solute-Solvent Interactions in the Solvolysis of Trans- [Co (4-Teri-Butylpyri Dine)4C12)Clo4 in Organic-Aqueous Mixtures
Authors: El-Subruiti Gehan , Younes Ghassan , Jaber Manal
Published: February 2011

The kinetics of solvolysis of trans-[Co(L)4 C12] C1O4 where (L-4-tert-butylpyr-idine) were followed spectrophotometrically in water-dioxane and water-dimethylsulfoxide media (0-60% v/v) over the temperature range (40-55°C). Non-linear plots were found for the logarithm of the rate constant of the first-order reaction versus the reciprocal of the relative permittivity, 3**r, of the mixed solvent. This behaviour can be attributed to the differential solvation of the initial and transition states of the complex. The enthalpies and entropies of activation showed compensating extrema with the mole fraction of solvent, leading to a small variation in the free energy of activation. By applying a free-energy cycle, it was found that the difference between the values of the free energy of transfer of the cations in the transition and initial states were negative, indicating that the cation in the transition state is more solvated than that in the initial state.
A Dft Study of Styrene Polymerization using Neutral (2Z, 4E)-4-(Methylimino)Pent-2-En-2-Ol Nickel(Ii)
Authors: Yu Shuxian , Hong Sanguo , Chen Yiwang , Wang Hongming
Published: February 2011

The recent discovery of the ability of salicylaldiminato Ni(II) complexes to promote styrene polymerization creates the potential for a new class of olefin polymerization catalysts. Styrene polymerization using (2Z,4E)-4-(methylimino)- pent-2-en-2-ol Ni (MPNi) catalyst has been studied using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31g (d,p) level. In particular, the reaction mechanisms have been investigated in detail. The results indicate that the reaction involves a four-membered cyclic transition state with a energy barrier of 21.63 kcal mol−1. In addition, the analysis indicates that strong π-interactions between styrene and Ni2+ are very important for the activation of styrene.
Kinetic Study of Modification of Collegen Peptide with Allyl Glycidyl Ether
Authors: Guo Hong , Li Tianduo , Li Junying , Zhang Meng , Tang Xiaolong
Published: February 2011

The kinetics of reaction of collagen peptide with allyl glycidyl ether (AGE), and their temperature dependence, were studied by monitoring the reduction of the primary amine groups as a function of time. A kinetic model, with a second order with respect to the primary amine groups of collagen peptide and a first-order dependence on AGE, was developed that gave a good fit to the experimental data.
Photocatalytic Mechanism of Action of Apatite-Coated Ag/Agbr/Tio2 on Phenol and Escherichia Coli and Bacillus Subtilis Bacteria Under Various Conditions
Authors: Elahifard Mohammad R. , Rahimnejad Sara , Pourbaba Reza , Haghighi Saeed , Gholami Mohammad R.
Published: February 2011

Multi-component photocatalysts based on apatite-coated Ag/AgBr/TiO2 were prepared by the deposition method. The effects of various kinds of apatites, with hydroxyl and fluoro substituents, on photocatalytic activity were investigated. The antibacterial processes in the dark, and under visible light, on two types of bacteria indicate that the multi-composites can inhibit the growth of bacteria by two different mechanisms. TEM images and optical microscopic data demonstrate that by attaching the nanosize catalyst to the outer membrane of the cell, the bacteria could not derive nourishment from surrounding media, i.e. this component acts as bacteria-stal ic. The median ism for deactivation of bacteria in the dark can be related to the linkage between the phosphate group of the composite and the outer membrane of the cell. The photocatalytic destruction of bacteria under visible I ight indicates that attachment of the catalysts to the outer wall of the cell causes them to destroy effectively the cell wall and inner membrane by various reactive species such as OH, O2 - and 1O2. Thus this effect increases the photoactivity more than two-fold. Oxidation of phenol was also achieved under visible light- and UVA- irradiation using apatite-coated Ag/AgBr/TiO2 powders. Under UVA illumination, the ‘OH produced from the hole of the TiO2 valence band is responsible for the photodegradation of phenol, while under visible light, AgBr acts as the photoactive component of the catalyst, that can not produce’ OH and oxidize the phenol.
A Computational Study of the Kinetics and Mechanism of the Gas Phase Pyrolysis of Allyl Methyl Amine
Authors: Izadyar Mohammad , Esmaili Effat , Harati Mohammad
Published: February 2011

A density functional theory (DFT) study has been carried out at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level on the gas-phase retro-ene reaction of allyl methyl amine (AMN). The results were compared with single point calculations at a high level of the theory, using the G3MP2 method. Two mechanisms for this kind of reaction are possible, one involves a six-membered cyclic transition state (TS) and the other is a multistep, free radical mechanism. Both DFT and high level calculations show that propene and imine formation are in accordance with a concerted cyclic mechanism. Natural bond orbital analysis (NBO) and atoms-in-molecule (AIM) procedures show that the reaction achieves a synchronicity value of 90%. The calculated kinetic parameters for AMN pyrolysis agree with the available experimental results.
THE ROMAN ROAD EAST OF CASTLEDYKES, LANARKSHIRE
Authors: Maxwell G. S.
Published: February 2011

Summary

The Roman road connecting forts in Tweeddale with those on the Clyde has already been discussed in some detail(1). Recent fieldwork, however, undertaken by officers of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland in the course of preparing the Inventory of Lanarkshire, has amplified our knowledge of this route. In particular it has proved possible to indicate with a greater degree of precision the course of the road between the fort at Castledykes and Ogscastle Bridge, some 10 km to the east. At one point, moreover, immediately to the west of Carstairs House, a trench dug through the road revealed that it was about 6 m in width and in a remarkably good state of preservation.
The Investigation of the King's Cave, Isle of Jura, Argyll
Authors: Mercer John
Published: February 2011

Summary

The evidence illuminates many facets oj island life during the last two millennia. The very varied artefacts include a wide range in bone and antler, whilst of the large quantity of unworked bones perhaps the most immediately valuable are those throwing light on the island's small mammal sequence, most notably on the physical evolution of the short-tailed field vole. Numerous lines of evidence converge to suggest that a major occupation was by a clandestine Franciscan mission of the early 17th century. As more caves are investigated —there have been very few published excavations in the last 50 years—so the King's Cave evidence should gain in value.
Excavation of the Cross Base at Keills Chapel, Knapdale, Argyll
Authors: Cowie T G
Published: February 2011

Summary

The Keills Cross, dating to the late 8th or 9th centuries, has recently been moved inside the chapel for protection and its socket has been examined. The design of this and of the cross base suggests that the cross may originally have been set up on another site.
A Neolithic multiple burial from Sumburgh, Shetland
Authors: Hedges John W , Parry Gordon A
Published: February 2011

Summary

Chance discovery of human bones by contractors at Sumburgh Airport, Shetland, was followed by belated and hasty archaeological investigation of what remained. This and subsequent work shows the site to have consisted of the remains of at least 18 individuals interred in a cist together with various grave goods during a very early part of the Neolithic. The discovery is of major importance; not only are the dated finds and skeletal remains without precedent for Shetland but the funerary rite represented is, on present evidence, unique.
‘Robenhausien’ in the Hunterian Museum
Authors: Hughes Isobel M
Published: February 2011

Summary

A report is presented of a study of the material from Robenhausen and other sites of the Neolithic period in Switzerland, part of the Bishop Collection in the Hunterian Museum, the University of Glasgow. The material is described and its likely setting within the cultural sequence of the Swiss Neolithic is discussed. The importance of the collection is seen to lie in the finds of organic materials, artefacts and macroscopic plant remains, which afford a rare glimpse of detail in craftsmanship and husbandry in Neolithic Europe.
A Pollen Diagram from the Auld Wives' Lifts, Craigmaddie Muir, Strathclyde
Authors: Dickson J H
Published: February 2011

Summary

A pollen diagram has been prepared from shallow mud and peat in the small basin surrounding the Auld Wives' Lifts, a large block of sandstone perched on two supporters and decorated with ancient carved heads. Sedimentation began during the early Flandrian period and soon gave way to peat formation. However there is little peat that could have formed in the last five thousand radiocarbon years. Therefore the pollen diagram may tell us little about the vegetation of the Iron Age, the probable period of the carvings. Nevertheless it is clear that if the Auld Wives' Lifts was erected by men, or if the perched block alone was placed by men, the builders had to cope with an at least partly peat-filled hollow.
Excavations at Druim Arstail, Oronsay, 1911–12
Authors: Wickham-Jones C R
Published: February 2011

Summary

An account of M Buchanan's excavations on the mesolithic and later site on Oronsay in 1911–12 is given, based on mss in the Hunlerian Museum. No distinct occupation areas seem to have been uncovered, and theflint and quartz tools have to be treated as stray finds in the sand dunes. The tools are catalogued and analysed, and appear to include material dating to most periods from mesolithic limes down to the early bronze age.
Eilean an Duin, Craignish, mid Argyll.
Authors: Nieke Margaret R , Boyd W E
Published: February 2011

Summary

In 1983 construction work led to the destruction of part of the island fort of Eilean an Duin and an archaeological investigation was undertaken. Two sections were cut through the stone-built rampart, and one through interior deposits of the site. The rampart may originally have included a timber element which had been burnt. In the interior a clear occupation deposit was recorded. Radiocarbon dates suggest that pre-rampart occupation occurred late in the first millennium BC; the fortification must have been built soon after.
Rescue Excavations of a Prehistoric Settlement and Viking Affe/Medieval Cemetery at John O'Groats 1989
Authors: Driscoll Stephen T.
Published: February 2011

Summary

Emergency excavations in the village of John O'Groats (ND379 732) revealed a shallow but complex sequence of deposits adjacent to a field known to have produced both human remains and a flint axe (NMR site ND35NE6). Remains of a prehistoric settlement werefound, which had been substantially disturbed by txvo separate episodes of burial. Radiocarbon evidence suggests that first began in the 11th-12th century and the second look place in the 16th-17th century. Burial during the early period was extremely intensive: in addition to the burials, masses of disarticulated human bones were recovered.
The Spiral in British and Irish Neolithic Rock Art
Authors: van Hoek Maarten A. M.
Published: February 2011

Summary

This paper provides an up-dated account of all spiral-sites in Neolithic British and Irish rock art. The focus is on spirals executed on open-air rock surfaces like outcrops and boulders; the ones in passage tombs and single graves will be discussed for comparative reasons.

The paper describes many spirals recently discovered. But moreover, it introduces a new group of spirals, which, because of their specific nature, have long been taken for normal cupand-rings. It thus proves that spirals are more common in cup-and ring art than often suggested and consequently the distribution pattern of the spiral has somewhat changed.

The spiral-motif has often been used, together with other symbols, to divide the Neolithic rock art of Britain and Ireland into two rather strictly separated traditions.

The main conclusions of this paper are that, in the opinion of the author, there never existed two separate rock art traditions and that cupand-ring art may even be older than the passage tomb art.
Roman Distance Slabs: two 17th century drawings based on fieldwork by John Adair, FRS and their inter-relationship and context.
Authors: Vasey Peter G.
Published: February 2011

Summary

Two entirely separate sheets of drawings of Roman sculptured stones, chiefly “distance slabs” (1) from the Antonine Wall or associated features, and both dating to the 1690s, are described and discussed. It is found that these drawings, although in different hands, are the result of fieldwork by the cartographer John Adair (d.1718). Adair's interest and researches on Roman Scotland are outlined, and further links with the Oxford antiquarian circle are noted.
An Excavation at the Church of the Blackfriars, Stirling
Authors: Page R. , Page C.
Published: February 2011

Summary

Part of what was suspected to be the south wall of the Blackfriars Church, destroyed in June 1559, was revealed in 1904 during the construction of the present No 64 Murray Place in Stirling. Permission was given by the present owners of the property to excavate in the garden behind the tenement to see if further traces could be found. By following mortar deposits and stone fragments the outline of a further 13.5m of robbed out south wall, an apparently semicircular apsidal eastern wall and part of the north wall were traced. The total known length of the church is therefore 27.5m, and the internal width 6.5m, with walls 1.5m thick. The greater part of a female skeleton was found just outside the south wall, accompanied by some bones of two infants, and several hundred widely scattered bone fragments. Some pottery was also found, of various dates back to about the thirteenth century.
Interactive Data Entry: Problems, Models, Solutions
Authors: Breure Leen
Published: February 2011

Interactive data entry in a database environment has often required programming to create a user-friendly, intelligent interface. This applies in particular to historical dataprocessing. The historian draws his information from documents and has to cope with inconsistencies caused by relevant differences in time and place. Because most of the current database packages are relational, first, some basics ofthe relational model are reviewed to see how this model itself has contributed to interface problems. Next, because Microsoft Windows has put its stamp on the current database technology on the PC platform, it is discussed how far this graphical user interface model has improved the situation. Although the Windows shell has certainly contributed to solving interface problems, there are still areas where historians have to find their own way. It is argued that a model-based Iapproach,which defines and discusses solutions on a conceptual level first, would be desirable to prevent entangling in less relevant technical details. Finally, implementation is considered in the form of component ware.
Study on the Effects of Yoga on Female College Students’ Physical and Mental Health
Authors: Xu Lei , Zhang Wei , Han Jia Jia
Published: February 2011

Using such methods as questionnaire survey and experimental study, a study has been made on the effects of yoga on female college students’ body shape, the quality of physical function, mental health and so on. Methods: The study sampled 25 2009 female students in Handan College who have selected the yoga course. These students will do yoga practice for 6 months. The body shape, body function and mental health will be tested before and after the exercise. The results show that: such four indicators as body weight, waist circumference, thigh circumference and upper arm circumference; such 6 indicators as vital capacity, heart rate, VO2, sit-ups, step test, and Sit and Reach and such indicators as mental health self-assessment questionnaire (SCL--90), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), and self-rating depression scale (SDS) have been improved significantly compared to those before practice. Conclusion: Through yoga practice, female college students can improve their physical health, balance physical and mental condition, and relieve stress, enhancing the quality of physical function and mental health.
A Sort of Fuzzy Intelligence Control Strategy for Complex System
Authors: Liu Yu Cheng , Liu Yu Bin
Published: February 2011

For complex controlled object with the large time delay link, it was difficult to get effective control effect by means of traditional fuzzy control algorithm. Aimed at enhancing the control quality in control precision and so on for complex system, the paper proposed a sort of fuzzy intelligence control strategy. It fused the expert control experience combing with human simulated intelligence control, designed the control rule, proposed the mode of running controller and explored the principle of parameter calibrating layer. The system simulation experiment explained that the control effect was much better than optimal PID control in dynamic and steady quality. The results show that the fuzzy intelligent control strategy is reasonable and feasible, high in control precision, better in dynamical and steady control effect, and it represents very strong robustness.
Research on the Project Risk Management Process Based on the Process Method
Authors: Liang Xiao Qin , Hong Shi Cong
Published: February 2011

The project carrying on in the complex environment was affected by many factors. Project risk management is to manage the uncertainty elements in the process of project development to realize the smoothly running of the project. This paper provided the process method carried on the control to each type of resources in risk management investment in the project risk management process, built up process method in controlling project risk to reduce the threat that risk brings to the project, and attained the lowest damage of the project. Consecutively, risk management can be made to become one of the core parts in project management by excavating the project potential opportunities.
Control Scheme for Wind & Solar Complementation Generation System
Authors: Gao Xin
Published: February 2011

Solar energy and wind energy are the two most viable renewable energy resources in the world. This paper presents a control strategy for wind & solar hybrid power generating systems. If the power generation sources produce more energy than the one required by the loads, the surplus energy can be used either to charge the battery or to provide a dump load (electric heater or electrolysis-hydrogen). If the amount of energy demanded by the loads is higher than the one produced by the power generation sources, the control strategy determines the battery will release energy to cover the load requirements until the battery is fully discharged. This paper explains the scheme developed and shows the control flowchart of hybrid power generation system.
An Improved Attribute Reduction Algorithm Based on Discriminability Matrix
Authors: Wang Wei , Du Wei
Published: February 2011

Attribute reduction can simplify condition attributes in the decision table, while the simplified decision table has same functionality with that before simplification. Based on the introduction of basic attribute reduction algorithm based on discriminability matrix, the paper presented a kind of improved attribute reduction algorithm based on discriminability matrix. The algorithm utilized the frequency of attribute in the matrix as determination basis for the importance of attributes and proposed the heuristic attribute reduction algorithm, so as to improve efficiency of attribute reduction. The specific attribute reduction example shows that the algorithm use heuristic method to determine the second-best. It can significantly reduce complexity in time and spatial in solving and improve efficiency.
Monitoring Study on the Influence of Hainan International Tourism Island Construction to the Mangrove Forest Based on RS and GIS
Authors: Wang Feng Xia , Yao Fei , Chen Yang Le , Chen Cheng
Published: February 2011

Mangrove forest has various functions, such as wind and wave prevention, embankment protection, biodiversity and ecological balance maintenance, which is with high value in the ecological, social and economic. Hainan is the region where the type of Mangrove forest is most abundant, its area is biggest, its growth vigor is best. Hainan mangrove forest is very important to the ecological, scientific research and tourism. Hainan International Tourism Island Construction, which had been proved by state council, will bring great influence on the quality and range of Hainan mangrove forest. It is with positive guiding significance to the changing monitoring of mangrove forest and projection measures making to obtain the distribution information of Hainan mangrove forest and other land cover types, compare and analysis the area changing of all kind of land cover types based on Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System.
Using Knowledge Management Systems to Enhance Cooperative Learning
Authors: Pi Shih Ming , Liao Hsiu Li , Liu Su Houn , Peng Su Yu
Published: February 2011

The study investigates the usage of knowledge management systems in Taiwan. The usage acts as a cooperative learning of knowledge-sharing and knowledge-recycling. We chose 127 employees of IT department of small and medium enterprises in Taiwan, to investigate what factors would affect their cooperative learning in the context of using knowledge management systems, and to investigate the outcome of cooperative learning. The result shows all hypotheses are significant except people-related autonomy and process-related autonomy.
A Modified Statistical Process Control Approach for Warm-up Selection in Discrete-Event Simulation
Authors: Shi Peng , Liu Fei , Yang Ming
Published: February 2011

HLA-based simulation systems are multivariate discrete-event simulation systems, and sometimes with small samples in essential, for which exists initial transient issue. Simulation models begin in fixed initial values, which are always different from the steady state values. A variety of selection methods have been developed these years, but no one method could be recommended above others. Among these methods, the familiar statistical process control method is a popular way to deal with the warm-up selection, with the deficiency for multivariate and small samples. Based on SPC, individuals and moving range, multivariate exponentially weighted moving average chart for Individuals and Hotelling T2 method, a modified SPC method is proposed. The case of military domain simulation scenario and some empirical experiments, illustrate the validity of the modified SPC method.
A Study on Virtual Prototyping Technology for Vacuum Switch
Authors: Wen Hua Bin , Song Yong Duan , Li Rui
Published: February 2011

The optimal design of vacuum switch is becoming an important research topic with the extensive application and increasing demands of vacuum switches. This paper analyzes the main elements of the vacuum switch design, and gives the design process of the vacuum switch. An optimal design method is proposed for the vacuum switch based on the concept and characteristics of virtual prototyping (VP) technology. By using computer aided design and the related software, we propose a method for vacuum switch modeling VP, the stress field VP of parts, the thermal field VP of electric heat, the electric field VP of insulation parts and the mechanical dynamic VP of kinematics system, which are integrated for optimization design for vacuum switches. This work is expected to provide a new idea for optimal and rapid design of vacuum switches.
Coupled Computational Analysis of Piled-Raft System on Saturated Rheologic Geomaterial Foundation
Authors: Cui Chun Yi , Chen Shou Long
Published: February 2011

It is well-known that soils may display strong nonlinear and inelastic characteristics. Furthermore, the viscosity or rheology of soft clays cannot be usually overlooked in the design of major structures founded on soft ground. Especially, rheologic deformation of soils may get considerable under high stress level. In fact, the saturated soft ground usually displays low strength, sensitive thixotropy, and high compressibility. In this paper, the soil deformation on interaction behaviour of piled rafts and soil foundation by using a fully coupled finite-element method of consolidation in which an elasto-viscoplastic model is incorporated. Through numerical computations, it is demonstrated that the coupled creep-consolidation analysis can give a more rational evaluation of overall performance of interaction of piled raft and soils and conventional analyses which overlooks time-dependency of soil deformation may give rise of inaccuracy in engineering evaluation and design of structures.
The Appraisal Model on the Competitiveness of City Exhibition Industry
Authors: Su Ying Sheng , Ji Peng Fei
Published: February 2011

The competitiveness of exhibition industry, in which meeting, conference and exhibition carried out orderly and has a close bearing on socio-economic aspects, reflects the city comprehensive competitiveness. It is a complicated task to appraise city exhibition industry competitiveness. This paper, according to the industry status quo and literatures, analysis the appraisal factors of city exhibition industry, brings forward an appraisal model and proposes a comprehensive index system for city competitiveness of exhibition industry.
Properties of Anodic Coatings Obtained in an Organic, Environmental Electrolyte by Micro Arc Oxidation on Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Zhang Rong Fa , Zhang Shu Fang , Gong Jian Chao , Liu Wen Long , Zhou He Jing , Guo Peng Fei , Wu Xiao Xiao
Published: February 2011

In a solution containing 10g/L NaOH and 12g/L phytic acid, anodic coatings were obtained by micro arc oxidation (MAO) on AZ91HP magnesium alloy. The morphology, structure and composition of anodic coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy before and after MAO treatment was evaluated by immersion test and potentiodynamic polarization testing in 3.5wt. % NaCl solution. The coatings were evenly formed on the substrate and mainly composed of MgO. EDX analyses showed that phytic acid took part in the coating formation. Compared with the substrate, the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy after MAO treatment was improved considerably.
Explosive Compaction-Coating Manufacture Large Area Coat
Authors: Du Chang Xing , Zhao Zheng , Tao Gang
Published: February 2011

A new technology for manufacturing large area coating, named explosive compaction- coating (ECC), was proposed in this paper, and its concrete process was described in detail. The ECC for Cu plate- Cu powder was experimented, by variety height of burst and heat treatment of Cu plate four groups divided into, and uniform coating thickness beyond 300 um was obtained. Research shows that the optimal impact velocity is 900 m/s. Annealing treatment of Cu plate has not impact on coating. ECC can manufacture large area metal or nonmetal coating and nano or amorphous coating.
HRTEM Investigation of Precipitates in Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti-Ce Anode Alloy
Authors: Ma Jing Ling , Wen Jiu Ba , Yan Yan Fu
Published: February 2011

The precipitates of Al-5Zn-0.02In-1Mg-0.05Ti-0.5Ce (wt %) anode alloy were studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction analyses in the present work. The results show that the alloy mainly contains hexagonal structure MgZn2 and tetragonal structure Al2CeZn2 precipitates. From high resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction, aluminium, Al2CeZn2 and MgZn2 phases have [0 1 -1]Al|| [1 -10]Al2CeZn2|| [-1 1 0 1]MgZn2orientation relation, and Al2CeZn2 and MgZn2 phases have the [0 2 -1]Al2CeZn2|| [0 1 -10]MgZn2orientation relation.
The Effect of Nano-TiO2 on the Performance of the Solar Heat-Reflective Coating
Authors: Cao Yang , Yin Yan Zi
Published: February 2011

Several different crystal types, different modified nano-TiO2 and conventional TiO2 were added into the coating to make some samples. A kind of nano-TiO2 which can improve the reflectivity effectively was selected. The effect of the nano--TiO2 content on the reflectivity and mechanical properties of the coatings.
Contact Analysis for Joint Interfaces of Machine Tools Based on a 3-D Anisotropic Asperity Model
Authors: Liu Hai Tao , Zhao Wan Hua , Zhang Jun
Published: February 2011

In this paper, a 3-D contact model for anisotropic rough surfaces based on 3-D statistically measurements is established and finite element contact analysis is conducted. The average height of the asperity (h), the average summit distances between two neighboring peaks of asperities (Sx and Sy) are selected as the characterized parameters of the rough surface. Finite element simulation results show that the normal contact pressure has an exponential relation with the normal deformation and an exact linear relationship between the normal deformation and the real contact pressure of the surfaces is obtained. At last, the normal contact stiffness of the joint interface is obtained empirically with the exponential relationship assumption.
Research on Surface Metallization of Carbon Fiber Based on Electroless Plating
Authors: Zhang Yun Peng , Zhou Hang , Ren Chun Lan
Published: February 2011

In this paper, the method of electroless nickel-plating on carbon fiber surface is introduced, and surface metallization of carbon fiber is researched. The study includes pretreatments before plating, design of the plating solution composition, microscopic analysis of coating materials, and bonding strength testing between the coating and the substrate. The study show that pretreatments on carbon fiber surface have an important impact on metallization. In pretreatments, coarsening treatment changes the surface state of carbon fiber, increases surface area; while dispersing eliminates the reunion phenomenon of the fiber. Plating solution composition is the key factor of nickel-plating on carbon fiber surface, the best components of solution are 30g/L nickel sulfate, 20g/L lactic acid, 30g/L sodium hypophosphite. The surface metallization of carbon fiber is realized by chemical nickel plating, and the coating combined well with fiber, uniformity, complete and bright. The coating gained in the experiment is Ni-P amorphous alloy.
The Design of CNC System on the Electron Beam Welder
Authors: Li Shao Lin , Wang Ai Zhen , Lin Cheng De
Published: February 2011

The electron beam welder is the application example of high-energy beam on the Welding equipment. In order to achieve a variety of logic control device, the traditional control system of the electron beam welder is based on PLC. It exist a lot of the disadvantages in the traditional control system of the electron beam welder. Especially, its welding energy has the simplex form of supply and the asynchronous with trajectory. In order to deal with this problem, it is developed the CNC system with the form of industrial personal computer (IPC) + motion control card in this paper. This CNC system can achieve the unified programming and synchronous control of the trajectory and two-energy magnitude: the focusing current and electron beam current. This CNC system can make up for the deficiency of the traditional control system and improve the efficiency and precision of weld. Feedback from its application on the electron beam welder indicates that it works reliably and the performance is satisfactory.
Studies on Mechanical Properties of Thin-Walled MHS Structure
Authors: Yu Wei , Li Hui Jian , Liang Xi , He Chang Jun
Published: February 2011

Metallic hollow sphere structure cellular material is a type of super-light cellular metallic material. Its basic cell is thin-walled metallic hollow sphere. A series of quasi-static uniaxial compression experiments of two spheres array, three spheres array and tetrahedral packing structure were conducted. It is found that one sphere produces deformation at the contact place of two spheres, and the deformation is larger than that at the contact place of plates. The three spheres array and tetrahedral packing structure have the same phenomenon. Then, the Young’s moduli of these three models had been studied, and it is found that the tetrahedral packing structure has a larger value than the others. The compressive deformation behaviors of two and three spheres with the spheres glued together were studied too. These research findings can be the basis of the design of MHS structure cellular material.
Preparation of the Layer-by-Layer Deposited Silver Nanoparticles Multilayer Films on Poly(ethylene Terephalate) Substrate
Authors: Cheng De Shan , Liu Xiao Yan , Wu Ji Hong , Yu Wei Dong
Published: February 2011

This research presented the preparation of multilayer films on poly(ethylene terephalate) (PET) Substrate by electrostatic self-assembly technology. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV–vis spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sequential dipping of hydrolyzed PET substrate in dilute solutions of poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride)(PDDA) and silver nanoparticles to fabricate multilayer films. The multilayer films were monitored by UV–vis spectrometry, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) obtained at 420 nm confirmed the existence of nanosilver on the PET film. The silver nanoparticles were also verified by the Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry (ICP) and thermogravimetric analysis of the multilayer film. The transmission spectra indicated that the PET films contained silver nanoparticles have better UV protection property.
Industrial Preparation of SiC Ceramic Coating for High Temperature and Anti-Oxidation of C/C Composites
Authors: Fan Zi Min , Fan Hui Qing , Wang Xiao Gang
Published: February 2011

A SiC ceramic coating for high temperature and anti-oxidation was prepared by high temperature reaction and PVD methods inside industrial synthetic furnace of SiC. Its phase composition and microstructure were characterized by using XRD, SEM,and its high temperature anti-oxidation property were studied by isothermal oxidation tests.The results showed that the coating is composed of mainly α-SiC and β-SiC,the coating is uniform, compact, perfect grain growth, without crack, closely with the C/C materials,the thickness is about 600μm. After 10h oxidation in air at 1773 k the weight loss of the coating was only 0.3%,which implies that the coating has excellent anti-oxidation ability.
Determination of Mechanical Behavior of AA5083 Alloy under Machining Conditions, Applicable in Metal Cutting Simulation
Authors: Davoodi Behnam , Eslami Mohammad Reza , Payganeh Gholam Hassan
Published: February 2011

As respects of usage of widespread machining procedures in producing industrial pieces, optimization of this procedure is one of most subject that attract researchers intrest. Finite element analysis based techniques are available to simulate cutting processes and offer several advantages including prediction of tool forces, distribution of stresses and temperatures, estimation of tool wear and residual stresses on machined surfaces, optimization of cutting tool geometry and cutting conditions. Success and reliability of numerical models are heavily dependent upon work material flow stress models in function of strain, strain rate and temperatures. In this paper Johnson-Cook material law, owing to its simplicity, has been used for simulating of Aluminum Alloy AA5083. The model parameters are determined by fitting the data from both quasi-static compression tests at law strain rates and machining tests at high strain rates. For calculating deforming parameters in machining being used analytical theory of Oxley. After getting result from the equation, its accuracy being checked either in compression tests or in machining tests by simulation with abaqus software.
Research on Influence of Longitudinal Gradient to Rigid Base Composite Road of Cross River (Sea) Tunnel under Large Longitudinal Slope
Authors: Fu Jun , Qin Yu , Ding Qing Jun
Published: February 2011

The influences of longitudinal gradient on the large longitudinal slope rigid base composite road of cross river(sea) tunnel are concerned recently. Then the relationships between sheering stresses versus slope angle, load, pavement depth, interlayer touch condition and modulus are discussed separately by a three dimensional FEM model. Calculation and analysis showed: gradient had great influence on the surface tangent load and little influence on design deflection, the base and surface.The maximum tension and sheer on surface were increased with the gradient. On general, the gradient and surface tangent load should be considered in structure analysis for the large longitudinal slope road.
CFD-Based Multicomponent Model for Solidification of Casting Process
Authors: Wang Gang , Xiong Shou Mei , Rong Yi Ming
Published: February 2011

The solidification model is vital to the simulation of casting process with mushy zoned involved. The author has built a multicomponent model for solidification which is derived from the principles of fluid dynamics. The model has been realized on the commercial CFD package, in which the solid and liquid of metal are united in one frame. In this model the flow behavior of solid is constrained by increasing the viscosity, the latent heat and the buoyancy are also considered, and the key point is the effect of solid fraction on the flow in the mushy zone. The details of flow can be captured even in the mushy zone by using this model.
Transient Heat Conduction in Functionally Graded Materials by LT-MFS
Authors: Zhao Ning , Cao Lei Lei , Guo Hui
Published: February 2011

: The LT-MFS approach is proposed to solve two-dimensional transient heat conduction problem in functionally graded materials (FGMs). First, a Laplace transform approach is used to move the time variable. Then, a fundamental solution in Laplace space for FGMs is constructed. Next, the solution in Laplace space is approximated by the linear combination of fundamental solutions. Further, Stefest’s algorithm is employed to convert the results in Laplace space back into the time–space domain. Finally, the method is tested on several benchmark examples. The results demonstrate well the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.