bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boosting pro-vitamin A content and bioaccessibility in leaves by combining engineered biosynthesis and storage pathways with high-light treatments
Authors: Morelli Luca , Perez-Colao Pablo , Reig-Lopez Diego , Di Xueni , Llorente Briardo , Rodriguez-Concepcion Manuel
Published: May 2023

The relevance of plants as food is expected to grow for a more sustainable diet. In this new context, improving the nutritional quality of plant-derived foods is a must. Biofortification of green leafy vegetables with pro-vitamin A carotenoids such as β-carotene has remained challenging to date. Here we combined two strategies to achieve this goal. One of them (that we call strategy C) involves producing β-carotene in extraplastidial locations of leaf cells to avoid the negative impacts on photosynthesis derived from changing the balance of carotenoids and chlorophylls in chloroplasts. The second approach (that we refer to as strategy P) involves the conversion of chloroplasts into non-photosynthetic, carotenoid-overaccumulating chromoplasts in some leaves, leaving other non-engineered leaves to sustain normal plant growth. Combination of these two strategies resulted in a 5- fold increase in the amount of β-carotene inNicotiana benthamianaleaves. Following several attempts to further improve β-carotene leaf contents by metabolic engineering, hormone treatments and genetic screenings, it was found that promoting the proliferation of plastoglobules with high-light treatments not only improved β-carotene accumulation but it also resulted in a much higher bioaccessibility. Combination of strategies C and P together with a high-light treatment increased the levels of accessible β-carotene 30-fold compared to controls. We further demonstrate that stimulating plastoglobule proliferation with strategy P but also with high-light alone can also stimulate and hence improve β-carotene contents and bioaccessibility in edible lettuce (Lactuca sativa) leaves, unveiling the power of non-GMO approaches for leaf biofortification.
Structural Basis for the Phase Separation of the Chromosome Passenger Complex
Authors: Bryan Nikaela W. , Ali Aamir , Niedzialkowska Ewa , Mayne Leland , Stukenberg P. Todd , Black Ben E.
Published: May 2023

The physical basis of phase separation is thought to consist of the same types of bonds that specify conventional macromolecular interactions yet is unsatisfyingly often referred to as ‘fuzzy’. Gaining clarity on the biogenesis of membraneless cellular compartments is one of the most demanding challenges in biology. Here, we focus on the chromosome passenger complex (CPC), that forms a chromatin body that regulates chromosome segregation in mitosis. Within the three regulatory subunits of the CPC implicated in phase separation — a heterotrimer of INCENP, Survivin, and Borealin — we identify the contact regions formed upon droplet formation using hydrogen/deuterium-exchange mass spectrometry (HXMS). These contact regions correspond to some of the interfaces seen between individual heterotrimers within the crystal lattice they form. A major contribution comes from specific electrostatic interactions that can be broken and reversed through initial and compensatory mutagenesis, respectively. Our findings reveal structural insight for interactions driving liquid-liquid demixing of the CPC. Moreover, we establish HXMS as an approach to define the structural basis for phase separation.
Mitochondrial citrate carrier SLC25A1 is a dosage-dependent regulator of metabolic reprogramming and morphogenesis in the developing heart
Authors: Ohanele Chiemela , Peoples Jessica N. , Karlstaedt Anja , Geiger Joshua T. , Gayle Ashley D. , Ghazal Nasab , Sohani Fateemaa , Brown Milton E. , Davis Michael E. , Porter George A. , Faundez Victor , Kwong Jennifer Q.
Published: May 2023

The developing mammalian heart undergoes an important metabolic shift from glycolysis toward mitochondrial oxidation, such that oxidative phosphorylation defects may present with cardiac abnormalities. Here, we describe a new mechanistic link between mitochondria and cardiac morphogenesis, uncovered by studying mice with systemic loss of the mitochondrial citrate carrier SLC25A1. Slc25a1 null embryos displayed impaired growth, cardiac malformations, and aberrant mitochondrial function. Importantly, Slc25a1 heterozygous embryos, which are overtly indistinguishable from wild type, exhibited an increased frequency of these defects, suggesting Slc25a1 haploinsuffiency and dose-dependent effects. Supporting clinical relevance, we found a near-significant association between ultrarare human pathogenic SLC25A1 variants and pediatric congenital heart disease. Mechanistically, SLC25A1 may link mitochondria to transcriptional regulation of metabolism through epigenetic control of gene expression to promote metabolic remodeling in the developing heart. Collectively, this work positions SLC25A1 as a novel mitochondrial regulator of ventricular morphogenesis and cardiac metabolic maturation and suggests a role in congenital heart disease.
Contribution of dorsal versus ventral hippocampus to the hierarchical modulation of goal-directed action
Authors: Piquet Robin , Faugère Angélique , Parkes Shauna L.
Published: May 2023

Adaptive behavior often necessitates that animals learn about events in a manner that is specific to a particular context or environment. These hierarchical organizations allow the animal to decide which action is the most appropriate when faced with ambiguous or conflicting possibilities. This study examined the role of hippocampus in enabling animals to use the context to guide action selection. We used a hierarchical instrumental outcome devaluation task in which male rats learn that the context provides information about the unique action-outcome relations that are in effect. We first confirmed that rats encode and use hierarchical context-(action-outcome) relations. We then show that chemogenetic inhibition of ventral hippocampus (vHPC) impairs both the encoding and retrieval of these associations, while inhibition of dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) impairs only the retrieval. Importantly, neither dHPC or vHPC were required for goal-directed behaviorper seas these impairments only emerged when rats were forced to use the context to identify the current action-outcome relationships. These findings are discussed with respect to the role of the hippocampus and its broader circuitry in the contextual modulation of goal-directed behavior and the importance of hierarchical associations in flexible behavior.
Rescuing Off-Equilibrium Simulation Data through Dynamic Experimental Data with dynAMMo
Authors: Kolloff Christopher , Olsson Simon
Published: May 2023

Long-timescale behavior of proteins is fundamental to many biological processes. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations and biophysical experiments are often used to study protein dynamics. However, high computational demands of MD limit what timescales are feasible to study, often missing rare events, which are critical to explain experiments. On the other hand, experiments are limited by low resolution. We present dynamic Augmented Markov models (dynAMMo) to bridge the gap between these data and overcome their respective limitations. For the first time, dynAMMo enables the construction of mechanistic models of slow exchange processes that have been not observed in MD data by integrating dynamic experimental observables. As a consequence, dynAMMo allows us to bypass costly and extensive simulations, yet providing mechanistic insights of the system. Validated with controlled model systems and a well-studied protein, dynAMMo offers a new approach to quantitatively model protein dynamics on long timescales in an unprecedented manner.
A MHz X-ray diffraction set-up for dynamic compression experiments in the diamond anvil cell
Authors: Husband Rachel J. , Strohm Cornelius , Appel Karen , Ball Orianna B. , Briggs Richard , Buchen Johannes , Cerantola Valerio , Chariton Stella , Coleman Amy L. , Cynn Hyunchae , Dattelbaum Dana , Dwivedi Anand , Eggert Jon H. , Ehm Lars , Evans William J. , Glazyrin Konstantin , Goncharov Alexander F. , Graafsma Heinz , Howard Alex , Huston Larissa , Hutchinson Trevor M. , Hwang Huijeong , Jacob Sony , Kaa Johannes , Kim Jaeyong , Kim Minseob , Koemets Egor , Konôpková Zuzana , Langenhorst Falko , Laurus Torsten , Li Xinyang , Mainberger Jona , Marquardt Hauke , McBride Emma E. , McGuire Christopher , McHardy James D. , McMahon Malcolm I. , McWilliams R. Stewart , Méndez Alba S. J. , Mondal Anshuman , Morard Guillaume , O'Bannon Earl F. , Otzen Christoph , Pépin Charles M. , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Prescher Clemens , Preston Thomas R. , Redmer Ronald , Roeper Michael , Sanchez-Valle Carmen , Smith Dean , Smith Raymond F. , Sneed Daniel , Speziale Sergio , Spitzbart Tobias , Stern Stephan , Sturtevant Blake T. , Sztuk-Dambietz Jolanta , Talkovski Peter , Velisavljevic Nenad , Vennari Cara , Wu Zhongyan , Yoo Choong-Shik , Zastrau Ulf , Jenei Zsolt , Liermann Hanns-Peter
Published: May 2023

An experimental platform for dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC) research has been developed at the High Energy Density (HED) Instrument at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (European XFEL). Advantage was taken of the high repetition rate of the European XFEL (up to 4.5 MHz) to collect pulse-resolved MHz X-ray diffraction data from samples as they are dynamically compressed at intermediate strain rates (≤103 s−1), where up to 352 diffraction images can be collected from a single pulse train. The set-up employs piezo-driven dDACs capable of compressing samples in ≥340 µs, compatible with the maximum length of the pulse train (550 µs). Results from rapid compression experiments on a wide range of sample systems with different X-ray scattering powers are presented. A maximum compression rate of 87 TPa s−1 was observed during the fast compression of Au, while a strain rate of ∼1100 s−1 was achieved during the rapid compression of N2 at 23 TPa s−1.
Understanding employees' perceptions of SETA events: the role of pedagogical and communication approaches
Authors: Hu Siqi , Hsu Carol , Zhou Zhongyun
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Security education, training and awareness (SETA) programs are the key to addressing “people problems” in information systems (IS) security. Contrary to studies using conventional methods, the present study leveraged an “event” lens and dimensionalized employees' perceptions into three sub-dimensions: perceived novelty, perceived disruption and perceived criticality. Moreover, this research went a step further by examining how pedagogical and communication approaches to a SETA program affect employees' perceptions of the program. This study then investigated whether – and if so, how – these approaches impact employees' perceptions of the SETA program and their subsequent commitment to it.

Design/methodology/approach

Utilizing a factorial-based scenario survey, this study empirically tested a model of the above relationships via covariance-based structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results of this research showed that pedagogical approaches were more effective than communication approaches and that employees' perceptions of the SETA program accounted for a large variance in their commitment to SETA.

Originality/value

First, this research deepens understanding of the protection of information assets by elaborating on the different approaches that organizations can take to encourage employees' commitment to SETA. Second, the study enriches the SETA literature by theorizing a SETA program as an organizational “event”, which represents a major shift from the conventional approach. Third, the study adds to the theoretical knowledge of the event lens by extending it to the SETA context and investigating the relationship among three event strength components.
Fighting fire with fire: the use of an auxiliary platform to address the inherent weaknesses of a platform-based business
Authors: Au Cheuk Hang , Tan Barney , Ge Chunmian
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The success of sharing economy (SE) platforms has made it attractive for many firms to adopt this business model. However, the inherent weaknesses of these platforms, such as their unstandardized service quality, the burden of maintenance on resource owners and the threat of multi-homing, have become increasingly apparent. Previous prescriptions for addressing these weaknesses, however, are limited because they do not account for factors such as compliance costs and information asymmetry, and tend to solve the problem on only one side of the platform at the expense of the others. By exploring the strategies deployed and actions undertaken across the development of Xbed, a successful accommodation-sharing platform in China, this study aims to explore an alternative solution that would overcome the aforementioned weaknesses without the corresponding compromises.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a case study consisting of secondary data and interviews with 15 informants who were representatives of Xbed's top management, organizational IT functions and its various business units.

Findings

The authors identified three inherent weaknesses that may be found in SE business models and how these weaknesses can be overcome without compromising other stakeholders through an auxiliary platform. The authors also discuss the advantages, characteristics, deployment and nature of auxiliary platforms.

Originality/value

This model contributes an in-depth view of establishing and nurturing auxiliary platforms to complement a primary SE platform. Owners and managers of SE platforms may use our model as the basis of guidelines for optimizing their platforms' development, thereby extending the benefits of SE to more stakeholders.
Overcoming barriers in automotive SMEs to attain international competitiveness: an ISM approach modelling
Authors: Mishra Mahima , Chaubey Akriti , Khatwani Ritesh , Nair Kiran
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to identify and model barriers to internationalising automotive small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from emerging market perspectives using the interpretive structural modelling (ISM) approach.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, 13 critical barriers are identified through an exhaustive literature review and the Delphi method. The ISM tool is then used to establish interrelationships among the identified barriers to expose and discuss the key barriers having high-driving power.

Findings

It was found that barriers such as trade agreements and export documentation, exchange rates and material inadequacies were relatively less challenging than the other barriers. At the next level, there are barriers such as supply chain, high international quality standards, legal barriers, skilled labour marketing capacity and information and logistics and infrastructure. Finally, barriers such as government policies, entrepreneurial orientation and technology and finance availability posed the most significant challenge for the internationalisation of Indian SMEs. These barriers warrants immediate and considerable attention.

Research limitations/implications

This study developed a model based on experts’ opinions, which may be biased and influence the final model as proposed in this study. This research will help the owners/managers of the SMEs and policymakers identify and understand the significance and relevance of automotive sector barriers while strategizing.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time an attempt has been made to apply ISM methodology to explore the interdependencies among the critical barriers of internationalisation for SMEs of Indian automotive industries. This study will guide the owner–managers management practices to overcome ineffective practices and move towards successful internationalisation.
Solving task management conflict in hotel establishments through knowledge management tools: effects on innovation capabilities
Authors: Donate Mario J. , Guadamillas Fátima , González-Mohíno Miguel
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to analyze factors based on organizational knowledge management (KM; transactional memory systems and knowledge-oriented leadership [K-OL]) that help firms to mitigate conflicts based on task management at work, with the aim to improve their innovation capabilities (IC). The knowledge-based view of the firm, conflict management theory and cognitive collective engagement theory have been used to build a model of relationships that connects the development of positive KM contexts and management of dysfunctional conflict with IC improvement.

Design/methodology/approach

Data survey collected from inland hotel establishments in Spain is used to test seven hypotheses by means of structural equations modeling, applying the partial least squares technique. Direct, indirect and mediating relationships between variables are examined from the structural path model.

Findings

The results confirm that, as expected, IC improve when K-OL and transactive memory systems (TMSs) are properly implemented by hotel establishments, which leads them to reduce negative effects of task management conflict (TMC). Significant direct effects are found between the key variables of the study and also a significant indirect effect between K-OL and IC through TMS reinforcement and the mitigation of TMC.

Practical implications

This paper provides useful ideas for hotel managers about how to improve KM contexts in their establishments while avoiding TMC. Efforts devoted to creating those contexts by hotel establishments are shown to be effective to improve their IC and create competitive advantages.

Originality/value

The analysis of IC improvement by studying TMC mitigation had not been researched to date by the KM literature. The consideration and testing of a model that integrates KM-related tools such as K-OL and TMS to avoid TMC in the hotel industry is the main contribution of this study.
Doing leadership development through mentoring in a social learning space: the case of the inaugural Leadership Learning Lab
Authors: Reynolds Glenda , Samuels Karen L. , Din Cari , Turner Nick
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe and contextualize the processes of leadership development through mentoring in a Leadership Learning Lab (“the Lab”) and to explore the implications and applications of the Lab's approach as a social learning space.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used a constructivist grounded theoretical approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with participants in the Lab, which operated out of a leadership center in a mid-sized Canadian business school.

Findings

The findings show that participants used their individual life experiences to practice leadership development through mentoring in a social learning space of prescribed uncertainty. The participants identified with becoming flexible, self-actualized leaders by learning to view their own experiences and those of their Lab partners through a leadership lens.

Originality/value

This study contributes to an understanding of the “doing” of leadership development in a social learning space and highlights three relational processes through which leadership development emerged through mentoring: rapport-building, democratization and reflection.
Fish on Fire: Shifts in Amazonian fish communities after floodplain forest fires
Authors: Lugo‐Carvajal Arnold , Holmgren Milena , Zuanon Jansen , van der Sleen Peter
Published: May 2023

Severe droughts can lead to fires that cause massive tree mortality in even the wettest and most isolated Amazonian forests. After repeated fires, blackwater floodplain forests can remain in an open vegetation state of arrested succession that facilitates a transition towards a white‐sand ‘savanna‐like’ vegetation. These vegetation shifts, from closed‐canopy floodplain forests to open fire scars and eventually white‐sand savannas, may have profound implications for fish communities that depend on floodplain forests for food and recruitment. In turn, changes in fish communities may contribute to the arrested forest recovery after fires as fish are important seed dispersal agents for many floodplain tree species.

To explore the impacts of floodplain forest fires on fish communities, we sampled fish in unburnt forests, fire scars, and white‐sand savannas in the middle Rio Negro basin (Brazil) during two consecutive flooding seasons. We compared the abundance, species richness, and the taxonomic and trophic composition of fish assemblages across the three habitat types.

We found significant shifts in fish assemblages in fire scars compared to unburnt floodplain forests. Also, as fire scars increased in size, total fish biomass decreased strongly. Fish communities in unburnt floodplain forests seem to be characterized by a higher proportion of smaller and omnivorous fish species than fish communities in burned floodplain forests and white sand savannas. Fish assemblages in fire scars and white‐sand savanna were not significantly different.

Synthesis and Applications. Amazonian fish communities change after floodplain forest fires. Unburnt forests have diverse fish communities, with a large proportion of unique and small omnivorous species. In contrast, carnivores and detritivores become more common in fire scars and white‐sand savannas formed after forest fires. Less omnivore fish after forest fires can reduce tree seed dispersal and forest regeneration, affecting ecosystem functioning and the services provided by Amazonian forests. Fish are also a primary source of food and income for people living in Amazonian floodplains. Preventing forest fires is therefore of fundamental importance for the conservation of Amazonian aquatic and terrestrial ecological communities as well as for the livelihood of people.
Experimental evidence that lignin‐modifying enzymes are essential for degrading plant cell wall lignin byPleurotus ostreatususingCRISPR/Cas9
Authors: Nakazawa Takehito , Yamaguchi Iori , Zhang Yufan , Saka Chinami , Wu Hongli , Kayama Keita , Kawauchi Moriyuki , Sakamoto Masahiro , Honda Yoichi
Published: May 2023

Lignin‐modifying enzymes (LMEs), which include laccases (Lacs), manganese peroxidases (MnPs), versatile peroxidases (VPs), and lignin peroxidases (LiPs), have been considered key factors in lignin degradation by white‐rot fungi because they oxidize lignin model compounds and depolymerize synthetic ligninin vitro. However, it remains unclear whether these enzymes are essential/important in the actual degradation of natural lignin in plant cell walls. To address this long‐standing issue, we examined the lignin‐degrading abilities of multiplemnp/vp/lacmutants ofPleurotus ostreatus. Onevp2/vp3/mnp3/mnp6quadruple‐gene mutant was generated from a monokaryotic wild‐type strain PC9 using plasmid‐based CRISPR/Cas9. Also, twovp2/vp3/mnp2/mnp3/mnp6, twovp2/vp3/mnp3/mnp6/lac2quintuple‐gene mutants, and twovp2/vp3/mnp2/mnp3/mnp6/lac2sextuple‐gene mutants were generated. The lignin‐degrading abilities of the sextuple andvp2/vp3/mnp2/mnp3/mnp6quintuple‐gene mutants on the Beech wood sawdust medium reduced drastically, but not so much for those of thevp2/vp3/mnp3/mnp6/lac2mutants and the quadruple mutant strain. The sextuple‐gene mutants also barely degraded lignin in Japanese Cedar wood sawdust and milled rice straw. Thus, this study presented evidence that the LMEs, especially MnPs and VPs, play a crucial role in the degradation of natural lignin byP.ostreatusfor the first time.
From History‐writing to (Hi)story‐telling: Historical Novel, Alternate/Counterfactual History and Implicit Uchrony
Authors: VINALE ADRIANO
Published: May 2023

The main aim of this article is to reconstruct the evolutions and the political implications of the Italian historical novel between the nineteenth and twenty‐first centuries. The starting hypothesis is that the historical novel has always performed a vicarious function with respect to traditional historiography. In the Italian case, in particular, the canon of the historical novel has progressively lost the apologetic function it had during the Risorgimento, turning into an instrument of indirect criticism of Italian society after 1861. At the turn of the twentieth and twenty‐first centuries, the historical novel had a new editorial fortune, thanks to authors such as Umberto Eco, Valerio Evangelisti, Luther Blissett, Giancarlo De Cataldo, Giuseppe Genna, Tiziano Scarpa and Wu Ming, becoming a very fertile field of historical analysis on the transition from the First to the Second Republic. Finally, thanks to Antonio Scurati, the author of M. Il figlio del secolo, M. L'uomo della provvidenza, and M. Gli ultimi giorni dell'Europa, the historical‐documentary‐novel has become a perfect tool for a critical analysis of collective memory in Italy. The thesis of this article is that Scurati manages to rediscuss the ways and forms of the historical memory of fascism because he uses an innovative form of counterfactual narration: the implicit uchrony.
JAE, 2022: Report of the Editor‐in‐Chief
Authors: Harvey David
Published: May 2023

Submissions to the Journal have stabilised since the Covid‐related surge in 2020, and continue their strong international pattern. Our response times continue to meet or exceed our targets, with a few regrettable exceptions, for which our sincere apologies. The JAE's citation impact factor increased again in 2021 to 4.16, a modest increase from the 2020 score. Our total 2‐year citations, however, show a worrying decline since last year. Our sincere thanks are due to our authors and our many reviewers for their contributions. Wiley continue to provide a strong publishing platform with our full archive, generating continuing growth in downloads.
From polyphenol to o‐quinone: Occurrence, significance, and intervention strategies in foods and health implications
Authors: Geng Yaqian , Liu Xinyu , Yu Yiran , Li Wei , Mou Yao , Chen Fang , Hu Xiaosong , Ji Junfu , Ma Lingjun
Published: May 2023

Polyphenol oxidation is a chemical process impairing food freshness and other desirable qualities, which has become a serious problem in fruit and vegetable processing industry. It is crucial to understand the mechanisms involved in these detrimental alterations. o‐Quinones are primarily generated by polyphenols with di/tri‐phenolic groups through enzymatic oxidation and/or auto‐oxidation. They are highly reactive species, which not only readily suffer the attack by nucleophiles but also powerfully oxidize other molecules presenting lower redox potentials via electron transfer reactions. These reactions and subsequent complicated reactions are capable of initiating quality losses in foods, such as browning, aroma loss, and nutritional decline. To attenuate these adverse influences, a variety of technologies have emerged to restrain polyphenol oxidation via governing different factors, especially polyphenol oxidases and oxygen. Despite tremendous efforts devoted, to date, the loss of food quality caused by quinones has remained a great challenge in the food processing industry. Furthermore, o‐quinones are responsible for the chemopreventive effects and/or toxicity of the parent catechols on human health, the mechanisms by which are quite complex. Herein, this review focuses on the generation and reactivity of o‐quinones, attempting to clarify mechanisms involved in the quality deterioration of foods and health implications for humans. Potential innovative inhibitors and technologies are also presented to intervene in o‐quinone formation and subsequent reactions. In future, the feasibility of these inhibitory strategies should be evaluated, and further exploration on biological targets of o‐quinones is of great necessity.
Autoantibodies in COVID‐19, a possible role in the pathogenesis of the disease
Authors: Basic‐Jukic Nikolina , Pavlisa Gordana , Sremec Nada Tomic , Juric Ivana , Ledenko Robert , Rogic Dunja , Jelakovic Bojan
Published: May 2023

Objectives

In this study, we investigated whether SARS‐CoV‐2 stimulates autoantibody production.

Methods

The study included 91 patients hospitalized due to COVID 19, with no previous history of immunological diseases. Immunofluorescence assays were performed to detect antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs), along with tests for specific autoantibodies.

Results

The median age (57% male) was 74 years (range 38–95 years). Autoantibodies were positive in 67 (74%), ANA in 65 (71%), and ANCA in 11 (12%) patients. Female gender (p = 0.01), age (p = 0.005), and Charlson comorbidity index (p = 0.004) were significant predictors for the development of ANA/ANCA antibodies (p = 0.004). Nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA)‐like, positivity was the strongest predictor of acute kidney injury (AKI), together with noninvasive ventilation and eGFR (χ2 = 49.01, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Positive autoantibodies in a large proportion of patients suggest a role of autoimmunity in the pathophysiology of acute COVID‐19 disease. NuMA was the strongest predictor of AKI.
Comparison of nutrition profiling models for food marketing regulation
Authors: Watson Wendy L. , Richmond Korina , Hughes Clare
Published: May 2023

Aim

Regulation on food marketing to children is a recommended response to childhood obesity rates. Policy requires country‐relevant criteria to determine which foods are eligible to be advertised. This study aims to compare six nutrition profiling models for use in food marketing regulation in Australia.

Methods

Advertisements on the outside of buses in five suburban Sydney transport hubs were photographed. Food and beverages advertised were analysed using the Health Star Rating; three models developed for food marketing regulation: the Australian Health Council guide and two World Health Organization models; the NOVA system; and the Nutrient Profiling Scoring Criterion used in Australian advertising industry codes. The proportion and types of products advertised on the buses that would be permitted by each of the six models were then analysed.

Results

A total of 603 advertisements were identified. Of those, over a quarter of the advertisements were for foods and beverages (n = 157, 26%) and 2.3% (n = 14) for alcohol. Among the food and non‐alcoholic beverage advertisements, 84% were for unhealthy foods according to the Health Council guide. The Health Council guide would permit 31% unique foods to be advertised. The NOVA system would permit the least proportion of foods to be advertised (16%), while the Health Star Rating (40%), and Nutrient Profiling Scoring Criterion (38%) would permit the most.

Conclusion

The Australian Health Council guide is the recommended model for food marketing regulation because it aligns with dietary guidelines by excluding discretionary foods from advertising. Australian governments can use the Health Council guide to develop policy in the National Obesity Strategy to protect children from marketing of unhealthy food.
Insights into the modification of physicochemical properties and digestibility of pea starch gels with barley β‐glucan
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Yue Minghui , Wang Sihua , Zhang Jing , Zhang Dongliang , Wang Chengjie , Chen Shanfeng , Ma Chengye
Published: May 2023

The influences of barley β‐glucan (BBG) on the physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of pea starch were investigated. BBG was found to decrease pasting viscosity in a concentration dependent manner and inhibited the aggregation of pea starch. After the presence of BBG, the gelatinization enthalpy of pea starch was decreased (from 7.83 ± 0.03 to 5.55 ± 0.22 J/g), whereas the gelatinization temperature was enhanced (from 62.64 ± 0.01 to 64.52 ± 0.14°C) according to the differential scanning calorimeter results. In addition, BBG inhibited the swelling of pea starch and amylose leaching. When amylose leached out from pea starch to form a BBG‐amylose barrier, starch gelatinization was inhibited. The starch gels exhibited weak gels and shear thinning behaviors by rheological tests results. The interaction between BBG and amylose led to lower viscoelasticity and texture parameters in pea starch gels. The structure analysis results unveiled that the force between BBG and amylose was mainly hydrogen bonds. Pea starch hydrolysis was inhibited when BBG was present in the system, which was connected with the restricted starch gelatinization. These results obtained in the study would supply insights into incorporating BBG into various food systems.
“Dr ChatGPT”: Is it a reliable and useful source for common rheumatic diseases?
Authors: Uz Cuma , Umay Ebru
Published: May 2023

Aim

It is inevitable that artificial intelligence applications will be used as a source of information in the field of health in the near future. For this reason, we aimed to evaluate whether ChatGPT, a new Large Language Model, can be used to obtain information about common rheumatic diseases.

Materials and methods

Common rheumatic diseases were identified using the American College of Rheumatology and European League against Rheumatism guidelines. Osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis (AS), systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis, fibromyalgia syndrome, and gout were identified by using Google trends for the four most frequently searched keywords on Google. The responses were evaluated with seven‐point Likert‐type reliability and usefulness scales developed by us.

Results

The highest score in terms of reliability was OA (mean ± standard deviation 5.62 ± 1.17), whereas the highest score in terms of usefulness was AS (mean 5.87 ± 0.17). There was no significant difference in the reliability and usefulness of the answers given by the ChatGPT (p = .423 and p = .387, respectively). All scores ranged between 4 and 7.

Conclusions

Although ChatGPT is reliable and useful for patients to obtain information about rheumatic diseases, it should be kept in mind that it may give false and misleading answers.
Idiopathic gigantomastia exacerbated during pregnancy. Its relationship with autoimmunity: A case report
Authors: Biancha‐Vasco Juan M. , Muñoz P. Anyela L. , Gómez Jessica , Rios‐Serna Lady J. , Ruiz‐Ordoñez Ingrid , Tobón Gabriel J. , Sua Luz Fernanda , Sánchez Aura , Cañas Carlos A.
Published: May 2023

Gigantomastia is a rare entity characterized by diffuse and excessive breast enlargement. It mainly occurs during puberty and pregnancy as a consequence of hormonal fluctuations. We report an unusual case of gigantomastia in a 29‐year‐old woman with a history of personal and familiar autoimmune phenomena. She had autoimmune thyroiditis and several positive autoantibodies, and developed 3 crises of the disease, 1 related to pregnancy (possibly hormone‐mediated), and 2 unrelated to pregnancy in which an autoimmune role is raised based in clinical, histological and laboratory findings. Immunological aspects that may be involved in this presentation of the disease are discussed.
Revision of the Gondwanan genus Chilepyris Evans, 1964 (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae)
Authors: Colombo Wesley D. , Azevedo Celso O.
Published: May 2023

The Gondwanan genus Chilepyris Evans, 1964 (Scleroderminae) is studied and revised. A new species from Oceanian region (New Caledonia) is described and illustrated, Chilepyris kanak sp. nov., and compared with the other two species of this genus, C. herbsti Evans, 1964 from Chile and C. platythelys Sorg & Walker, 1989 from New Zealand, based on an integrative taxonomic approach, combining morphological characters and molecular analyses. An emended diagnosis and a deep discussion about the morphological diagnostic characters of this genus and comments about the Gondwana distribution of Chilepyris are also presented. Additionally, a taxonomic key to the three species is provided.
Effects of adding the second drainage cannula in severely hypoxemic patients supported with VV ECMO due to COVID‐19‐associated ARDS
Authors: Szułdrzyński Konstanty , Kowalewski Mariusz , Jankowski Miłosz , Staromłyński Jakub , Prokop Joanna , Pasierski Michał , Chudziński Kamil , Drobiński Dominik , Martucci Gennaro , Lorusso Roberto , Wierzba Waldemar , Zaczyński Artur , Król Zbigniew , Suwalski Piotr
Published: May 2023

Background

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a recognized method of support in patients with severe and refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. While veno‐venous (VV) ECMO is the most common type, some patients with severe hypoxemia may require modifications to the ECMO circuit. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of adding a second drainage cannula to the circuit in patients with refractory hypoxemia, on their gas exchange, mechanical ventilation, ECMO settings, and clinical outcomes.

Methods

We conducted an observational retrospective study based on a single‐center institutional registry including all consecutive cases of COVID‐19 patients requiring ECMO admitted to the Centre of Extracorporeal Therapies in Warsaw between March 1, 2020 and March 1, 2022. We selected patients who had an additional drainage cannula inserted. Changes in ECMO and ventilator settings, blood oxygenation, and hemodynamic parameters, as well as clinical outcomes were assessed.

Results

Of 138 VV ECMO patients, 12 (9%) patients met the inclusion criteria. Ten patients (83%) were men, and mean age was 42.2 ± 6.8. An addition of drainage cannula resulted in a significant raise in ECMO blood flow (4.77 ± 0.44 to 5.94 ± 0.81 [L/min]; p = 0.001), and the ratio of ECMO blood flow to ECMO pump rotations per minute (RPM), whereas the raise in ECMO RPM alone was not statistically significant (3432 ± 258 to 3673 ± 340 [1/min]; p = 0.064). We observed a significant drop in ventilator FiO2 and a raise in PaO2 to FiO2 ratio, while blood lactates did not change significantly. Nine patients died in hospital, one was referred to lung transplantation center, two were discharged uneventfully.

Conclusions

The use of an additional drainage cannula in severe ARDS associated with COVID‐19 allows for an increased ECMO blood flow and improved oxygenation. However, we observed no further improvement in lung‐protective ventilation and poor survival.
Azathioprine‐induced vanishing bile duct syndrome: The value of early thiopurine metabolism assessment
Authors: Chouchana Laurent , Terris Benoit , Sogni Philippe , Treluyer Jean‐Marc , Costedoat‐Chalumeau Nathalie , Loriot Marie‐Anne
Published: May 2023

About 15% to 28% of patients treated with thiopurines experienced adverse drug reactions, such as haematological and hepatic toxicities. Some of these related to the polymorphic activity of the thiopurine S‐methyltransferase (TPMT), the key detoxifying enzyme of thiopurine metabolism. We report here a case of thiopurine‐induced ductopenia with a comprehensive pharmacological analysis on thiopurine metabolism. A 34‐year‐old woman, with a medical history of severe systemic lupus erythematosus with recent introduction of azathioprine therapy, presented with mild fluctuating transaminase blood levels consistent with a hepatocellular pattern, which evolved to a cholestatic pattern over the next weeks. A blood thiopurine metabolite assay revealed low 6‐thioguanine nucleotides (6‐TGN) level and a dramatically increased 6‐methylmercaptopurine ribonucleotides (6‐MMPN) level, together with an unfavourable [6‐MMPN:6‐TGN] metabolite ratio and a high TPMT activity. After a total of about 6 months of thiopurine therapy, a transjugular liver biopsy revealed a ductopenia, and azathioprine discontinuation led to further clinical improvement. In line with previous reports from the literature, our case supports the fact that ductopenia is a rare adverse drug reaction of azathioprine. The mechanism of reaction is unknown but may involve high 6‐MMPN blood level, due to unusual thiopurine metabolism (switched metabolism). Early therapeutic drug monitoring with measurement of 6‐TGN and 6‐MMPN blood levels may help physicians to identify patients at risk of similar duct injury.
Adults with intellectual disabilities as users of social media: A scoping review
Authors: Anderson Sian , Araten‐Bergman Tal , Steel Gillian
Published: May 2023

Background

Social media use continues to grow, and it offers an important way for adults with intellectual disabilities to feel socially included and to communicate with others.

Aim

This study aimed to establish the state of knowledge about social media use among adults with intellectual disabilities, their experiences and its impact.

Method

A scoping review was conducted of peer‐reviewed literature published between 2000 and 2021 that reported empirical research on social media use, experiences, training and outcomes for adults with intellectual disabilities.

Findings

Adults with intellectual disabilities use social media platforms and experience a range of positive outcomes including feeling more included and valued. Some of the negative impacts included bullying and exploitation. The high cost of technology and some elements of design sometimes make social media inaccessible.

Conclusions

The studies included provided evidence about the experience of using social media from adults with intellectual disabilities and some perspectives of family members and paid supporters. Future research is needed to examine effective approaches to overcoming barriers to access and ways to manage some of the negative impacts of engagement in order to inform policy and practice.
Dopaminergic signalling and behavioural alterations by Comt–Dtnbp1 genetic interaction and their clinical relevance
Authors: Managò Francesca , Scheggia Diego , Pontillo Maria , Mereu Maddalena , Mastrogiacomo Rosa , Udayan Gayatri , Valentini Paola , Tata Maria Cristina , Weinberger Daniel R. , Weickert Cynthia S. , Pompa Pier Paolo , De Luca Maria A. , Vicari Stefano , Papaleo Francesco
Published: May 2023

Background and Purpose

Cognitive and motor functions are modulated by dopaminergic signalling, which is shaped by several genetic factors. The biological effects of single genetic variants might differ depending on epistatic interactions that can be functionally multi‐directional and non‐linear.

Experimental Approach

We performed behavioural and neurochemical assessments in genetically modified mice and behavioural assessments and genetic screening in human patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS).

Key Results

Here, we confirm a genetic interaction between the Comt (catechol‐O‐methyltransferase, human orthologue: COMT) and Dtnbp1 (dystrobrevin binding protein 1, alias dysbindin, human orthologue: DTNBP1) genes that modulate cortical and striatal dopaminergic signalling in a manner not predictable by the effects of each single gene. In mice, Comt‐by‐Dtnbp1 concomitant reduction leads to a hypoactive mesocortical and a hyperactive mesostriatal dopamine pathway, associated with specific cognitive abnormalities. Like mice, in subjects with the 22q11.2DS (characterized by COMT hemideletion and dopamine alterations), COMT‐by‐DTNBP1 concomitant reduction was associated with analogous cognitive disturbances. We then developed an easy and inexpensive colourimetric kit for the genetic screening of common COMT and DTNBP1 functional genetic variants for clinical application.

Conclusions and Implications

These findings illustrate an epistatic interaction of two dopamine‐related genes and their functional effects, supporting the need to address genetic interaction mechanisms at the base of complex behavioural traits.
“I screamed but then realized nobody was listening”: Exploration of the presence of others during intrafamilial child sexual abuse through survivors' testimonies from the Israeli Independent Public Inquiry
Authors: Klebanov Bella , Katz Carmit
Published: May 2023

Intrafamilial child sexual abuse (IFCSA) is perceived as a crime perpetrated without witnesses. Nevertheless, researchers have explored two main aspects of the others present during abusive incidents: bystanders in extra‐familial child sexual abuse and bystanders' decisions of whether to become involved. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding how children and survivors perceive and experience the presence of others during abusive incidents. The current study examined survivors' experiences and perceptions concerning the presence of others during IFCSA based on their written testimonies for an independent inquiry. Of the more than 500 written testimonies sent to an independent Israeli inquiry, 16 addressed IFCSA and the others present. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted, and four main themes were identified: survivors' perceptions of others, others' responses to the abuse, familial dynamics with others during abuse, and acceptance. The discussion addresses the phenomenon of the presence of others during IFCSA and related theories of trauma and family dynamics. The findings challenge the social perception of IFCSA as a secret, highlighting the awareness that characterizes it in reality, as illustrated in the survivors' testimonies. This emphasizes the urgent need for policy‐makers and professionals to promote the publicness of IFCSA instead of maintaining its secrecy.
Img2Logo: Generating Golden Ratio Logos from Images
Authors: Hsiao Kai‐Wen , Yang Yong‐Liang , Chiu Yung‐Chih , Hu Min‐Chun , Yao Chih‐Yuan , Chu Hung‐Kuo
Published: May 2023

Logos are one of the most important graphic design forms that use an abstracted shape to clearly represent the spirit of a community. Among various styles of abstraction, a particular golden‐ratio design is frequently employed by designers to create a concise and regular logo. In this context, designers utilize a set of circular arcs with golden ratios (i.e., all arcs are taken from circles whose radii form a geometric series based on the golden ratio) as the design elements to manually approximate a target shape. This error‐prone process requires a large amount of time and effort, posing a significant challenge for design space exploration. In this work, we present a novel computational framework that can automatically generate golden ratio logo abstractions from an input image. Our framework is based on a set of carefully identified design principles and a constrained optimization formulation respecting these principles. We also propose a progressive approach that can efficiently solve the optimization problem, resulting in a sequence of abstractions that approximate the input at decreasing levels of detail. We evaluate our work by testing on images with different formats including real photos, clip arts, and line drawings. We also extensively validate the key components and compare our results with manual results by designers to demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework. Moreover, our framework can largely benefit design space exploration via easy specification of design parameters such as abstraction levels, golden circle sizes, etc.