bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ascorbic acid reduces insulin resistance and pancreatic steatosis by regulating adipocyte hypertrophy in obese ovariectomized mice
Authors: Jeon Suyeon , Lee Jungu , Shin Yujin , Yoon Michung
Published: March 2023

Ascorbic acid has been suggested to regulate obesity in obese male rodents. Moreover, increased adipocyte size has been associated with metabolic disease. Thus, we investigated the effects of ascorbic acid on adipocyte hypertrophy and insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese ovariectomized (OVX) C57BL/6J mice, an animal model of obese postmenopausal women. Administration of ascorbic acid (5% w/w in diet for 18 weeks) reduced the size of visceral adipocytes without changes in body weight and adipose tissue mass in HFD-fed obese OVX mice compared with obese OVX mice that did not receive ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid inhibited adipose tissue inflammation, as shown by the decreased number of crown-like structures and CD68-positive macrophages in visceral adipose tissues. Ascorbic acid-treated mice exhibited improved hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and glucose and insulin tolerance compared with nontreated obese mice. Pancreatic islet size and insulin-positive β-cell area in ascorbic acid-treated obese OVX mice decreased to the levels observed in low-fat diet-fed lean mice. Ascorbic acid also suppressed pancreatic triglyceride accumulation in obese mice. These results suggest that ascorbic acid may reduce insulin resistance and pancreatic steatosis partly by suppressing visceral adipocyte hypertrophy and adipose tissue inflammation in obese OVX mice.
Thymidine phosphorylase as a molecular target for quercetin-incorporated collagen matrix in the prevention of hand–foot syndrome induced by capecitabine in rats
Authors: Mashaly Maryam E. , Kotb Hams M. , Abdin Amany A. , Hedya Sabiha E.
Published: March 2023

Hand–foot syndrome (HFS) is a common adverse effect of capecitabine affecting the quality of life of cancer patients. To enhance the tolerability of capecitabine, this work evaluated the incorporation of quercetin into topical collagen matrix formula to target thymidine phosphorylase enzyme, oxidative stress, and apoptosis underlying HFS. Forty Sprague Dawley rats were allocated to four equal groups. The control group received distilled water orally. HFS was induced by oral capecitabine (200 mg/kg/day) for 21 days. The untreated HFS group received no treatment. In the treated groups, topical collagen and quercetin-incorporated collagen matrix formula were administered concomitantly with the HFS induction protocol. Treatment with quercetin-incorporated collagen matrix showed a significant decrease in thymidine phosphorylase level compared with the untreated and collagen-treated groups. Treatment with quercetin-incorporated collagen matrix showed a significant decrease in malondialdehyde and caspase-3 levels, and a significant increase in the total antioxidant capacity of the skin and B cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 levels compared with the untreated group. Additionally, a significant improvement in the gross picture and histopathological score of HFS was observed. In conclusion, the quercetin-incorporated collagen matrix is a promising formula for the prevention of HFS, due to the targeted effect on thymidine phosphorylase and subsequent antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects.
Reduction cohomology of Riemann surfaces
Authors: Zuevsky A.
Published: March 2023

We study the algebraic conditions leading to the chain property of complexes for vertex operator algebra n-point functions (with their convergence assumed) with differential being defined through reduction formulas. The notion of the reduction cohomology of Riemann surfaces is introduced. Algebraic, geometrical, and cohomological meanings of reduction formulas are clarified. A counterpart of the Bott–Segal theorem for Riemann surfaces in terms of the reductions cohomology is proven. It is shown that the reduction cohomology is given by the cohomology of n-point connections over the vertex operator algebra bundle defined on a genus g Riemann surface [Formula: see text]. The reduction cohomology for a vertex operator algebra with formal parameters identified with local coordinates around marked points on [Formula: see text] is found in terms of the space of analytical continuations of solutions to Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov equations. For the reduction cohomology, the Euler–Poincaré formula is derived. Examples for various genera and vertex operator cluster algebras are provided.
Geometry of almost contact metrics as an almost ∗-η-Ricci–Bourguignon solitons
Authors: Dey Santu , Suh Young Jin
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we give some characterizations by considering almost ∗-[Formula: see text]-Ricci–Bourguignon soliton as a Kenmotsu metric. It is shown that if a Kenmotsu metric endows a ∗-[Formula: see text]-Ricci–Bourguignon soliton, then the curvature tensor R with the soliton vector field V is given by the expression [Formula: see text] Next, we show that if an almost Kenmotsu manifold such that [Formula: see text] belongs to [Formula: see text]-nullity distribution where [Formula: see text] acknowledges a ∗-[Formula: see text]-Ricci–Bourguignon soliton satisfying [Formula: see text], then the manifold is Ricci-flat and is locally isometric to [Formula: see text]. Moreover if the metric admits a gradient almost ∗-[Formula: see text]-Ricci–Bourguignon soliton and [Formula: see text] leaves the scalar curvature r invariant on a Kenmotsu manifold, then the manifold is an [Formula: see text]-Einstein. Also, if a Kenmotsu metric represents an almost ∗-[Formula: see text]-Ricci–Bourguignon soliton with potential vector field V is pointwise collinear with [Formula: see text], then the manifold is an [Formula: see text]-Einstein.
Hybrid Attention Network for Epileptic EEG Classification
Authors: Zhao Yanna , He Jiatong , Zhu Fenglin , Xiao Tiantian , Zhang Yongfeng , Wang Ziwei , Xu Fangzhou , Niu Yi
Published: March 2023

Automatic seizure detection from electroencephalography (EEG) based on deep learning has been significantly improved. However, existing works have not adequately excavate the spatial-temporal information between EEG channels. Besides, most works mainly focus on patient-specific scenarios while cross-patient seizure detection is more challenging and meaningful. Regarding the above problems, we propose a hybrid attention network (HAN) for automatic seizure detection. Specifically, the graph attention network (GAT) extracts spatial features at the front end, and Transformer gets time features as the back end. HAN leverages the attention mechanism and fully extracts the spatial-temporal correlation of EEG signals. The focal loss function is introduced to HAN to deal with the imbalance of the dataset accompanied by seizure detection based on EEG. Both patient-specific and patient-independent experiments are carried out on the public CHB-MIT database. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of HAN in both experimental settings.
Global bounded solutions to the Boltzmann equation for a polyatomic gas
Authors: Duan Renjun , Li Zongguang
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we consider the Boltzmann equation modeling the motion of a polyatomic gas where the integration collision operator in comparison with the classical one involves an additional internal energy variable [Formula: see text] and a parameter [Formula: see text] standing for the number of internal degrees of freedom. In perturbation framework, we establish the global well-posedness for bounded mild solutions near global equilibria on torus. The proof is based on the [Formula: see text] approach. Precisely, we first study the [Formula: see text] decay property for the linearized equation, then use the iteration technique for the linear integral operator to get the linear weighted [Formula: see text] decay, and in the end obtain [Formula: see text] bounds as well as exponential time decay of solutions for the nonlinear problem with the help of the Duhamel’s principle. Throughout the proof, we present a careful analysis for treating the extra effect of internal energy variable I and the parameter [Formula: see text].
Ricci–Bourguignon solitons on real hypersurfaces in the complex hyperbolic space
Authors: Suh Young Jin
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we give a complete classification of Ricci–Bourguignon soliton on real hypersurfaces in the complex hyperbolic space [Formula: see text]. Next, as an application, we give a complete classification of gradient Ricci–Bourguignon soliton on Hopf real hypersurfaces in the complex hyperbolic space [Formula: see text].
New fixed-time synchronization results for discontinuous dynamic networks: A novel two-stage analysis approach
Authors: Cai Shuiming , Zhuang Shulan , Shi Jinyao , Zhou Peipei
Published: March 2023

This paper concerns the issue of fixed-time synchronization (FXTS) for complex networks composed of dynamical nodes with discontinuous dynamics, abbreviated as discontinuous dynamic networks, under the concept of Filippov solution. In terms of [Formula: see text]-norm and [Formula: see text]-norm, two types of simple control schemes without the linear feedback part are, respectively, designed to compel the considered discontinuous dynamic network to fixed-timely synchronize with a desired trajectory. By utilizing a novel two-stage analysis approach, some new FXTS criteria are derived. Compared with the existing research works, the established theoretical results not only are more relaxed, but also improve the estimation accuracy of synchronous settling time. Finally, the validity of the analytical results is verified via numerical simulations.
An adaptive endogenous network model for dynamic interbank lending market with central bank
Authors: Xu Tao
Published: March 2023

In this paper, an adaptive endogenous model is introduced to explain the formation and evolution mechanism of interbank lending market with central bank. We investigate the evolution of structure of interbank lending market and the impact of structure of bank assets, bank adaptive behaviors, liquidity and dispersion on the resilience of interbank lending market, respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that the structure of the initial interbank lending market has scale-free and small-world features, which keeps in the evolution of the network. Moreover, we find risk gathering requires relatively long time but the outbreak is concentrated and percentage of defaults is a nonmonotonic function of percentage of initial liquid assets. Furthermore, we discover that moderate liquidity hoarding helps to reduce risk contagion effect in the initial stage of contagion while excessive hoarding of liquidity increases the fragility of the network.
HOW DOES ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION AFFECT FIRM’S SHARE OF DOMESTIC VALUE-ADDED IN GROSS EXPORTS IN CHINA?
Authors: DING LIANG , YU FENG , WU YINGNA , WEN SHIHAO
Published: March 2023

This study aims at investigating the intensity of environmental regulation on firm’s share of domestic value-added in gross exports in China. An unbalanced firm-level panel data from 2000 to 2014 is adopted to estimate 10 two-way fixed effects models suggested by Hausman test for the entire sample of 648,801 and subsamples of three trade patterns, three types of ownership and three regions. The primary finding of this study is that for the entire sample and subsamples of general trade, mixed trade, non-state-owned and foreign-owned enterprises and enterprises in the eastern region, the intensity of environmental regulation has a “U-shaped” influence on firm’s share of domestic value-added in gross exports in China, meaning that this influence is negative first and then turns to positive after the intensity of environmental regulation reaches a certain level. This conclusion is reasonable and consistent with our expectation.
MARKET-ORIENTED REFORMS AND FIRMS’ INNOVATION: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA
Authors: YUE WEN , ZHU MENGJIE , ZHAO JINGYAN
Published: March 2023

Based on a micro dataset of Chinese manufacturing firms, we examined the effect of market-oriented reforms on innovation of Chinese manufacturing firms and its mechanisms. Results show the following. (1) The market-oriented reforms significantly improved the innovation performance of Chinese manufacturing firms. Among the various components of the market-oriented process, the development of the product markets had the greatest effect on promoting firms’ innovation. (2) Alleviating the financial constraint of firms and triggering the “competition effect” were important ways for market-oriented reforms to improve innovation performance. (3) The effect of market-oriented reforms on the innovation of various types of firms (different industry types, scale types, ownership types, regional types, exporters and non-exporters) was not the same, and significant heterogeneity was observed. This study enriches the research literature on market-oriented reforms and firms’ innovation and provides new micro evidence for understanding the effect of market-oriented reforms on firms’ innovation performance.
Unsteady mixed convective MHD boundary stagnation point nanofluid flow with multi-slip effects, variable wall temperature and porosity phenomenon
Authors: Ghazwani Hassan Ali
Published: March 2023

This research highlights the physical significance of nanoparticle in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) stagnation point flow (SPF) over a stretchable surface with porosity effect and boundary slip phenomenon. The nanoliquid and its advanced thermal activity are shown extra auspicious results when the flow is considered over a permeable (porous) medium. In addition, the nanoparticles of radius size play an important role in the thermal performance of nanofluid. In this work, copper is accounted as a nanoparticle and water as a base fluid. Nanomanufacturing, surface engineering, coatings, nanofabrication and tribology are some of the important and special mechanical characteristics of nanoparticles [D. Guo, G. Xie and J. Luo, J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys.  47, 013001 (2014)]. The flow is electrically conducted in the presence of applied magnetic field. Mixed convection, Joule heating and viscous dissipation effects are accounted in the mathematical modeling. Appropriate similarity variables are used to convert the couple governing system of PDEs into ordinary ones and results are computed through bvp4c via shooting concept. From the obtained results, it is divulged that the velocity field increases against higher estimations of unsteady parameter, while it declines versus larger magnetic parameter and radius of nanoparticles. The engineering interest like skin friction and Nusselt number is mathematically calculated and results are computed in a tabular form, and their obtained outcomes show that the magnitude of skin friction rises against unsteadiness parameter and radius of nanoparticles. This study is an extended work of [Verma et al. Chem. Eng. J. Adv. 12, 100366 (2022)] with some extra flow assumptions like MHD, SPF, Joule heating, heat generation/absorption and viscous dissipation. Obtained results are compared with [Grubka and Bobba J. Heat Transf.  107, 248 (1985)], Verma et al. [Chem. Eng. J. Adv.  12, 100366 (2022)] and [Elbashbeshy and Emam Therm. Sci. 15,  477 (2011)] found 100% accuracy with them. The most important result of the conducted study is that the skin friction coefficient immensely augments subject to larger estimations of radius of nanoparticles when permeability of porosity is less.
Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Searching Robot for Radioactive Sources Based on Edge Computing
Authors: Zhang Wei , Shi Chao , Bai Lang , Zhang Zhi Hui
Published: March 2023

In recent years, the worldwide nuclear industry has developed vigorously. At the same time, incidents of radioactive source loss have also occurred frequently. At present, most of the search for radioactive sources uses manual search, which is inefficient and the search personnel are vulnerable to radiation damage. Sending the robot into the area where the uncontrolled radioactive source may be located for search is different. Not only the efficiency can be improved, but the personnel are also prevented from being exposed to radiation. Therefore, designing a radioactive source search robot has great practical significance. This paper mainly introduces the design and implementation of an intelligent search robot for radioactive sources based on edge computing, and intends to provide some ideas and directions for the research of intelligent robots for searching for radioactive sources. This paper proposes a research method for the design and implementation of a radioactive source intelligent search robot based on edge computing, including intelligent edge computing and gamma ray imaging algorithms, which are used to carry out related experiments on the design and implementation of a radioactive source intelligent search robot based on edge computing. The experimental results in this paper show that the average resolution of the radioactive source search robot is 90.55%, and the resolution results are more prominent.
TWO-FOLD IMPACTS OF FEAR IN A SEASONALLY FORCED PREDATOR–PREY SYSTEM WITH COSNER FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE
Authors: BARMAN DIPESH , ROY SUBARNA , TIWARI PANKAJ KUMAR , ALAM SHARIFUL
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of a predator–prey system of an ecological community in which the fear instigated by the predators has an adverse effect on the reproduction rate of prey species, and also on the competition among themselves due to the limited environmental resources. To capture and handle the realistic scenario in a more meaningful way, we have mathematically built up the model system with the assumption that the predators predate on the prey items following Cosner functional response, which increases with increments in the prey and predator populations. The model system has been studied through noteworthy mathematical analysis and an extensive numerical simulation. Our simulation results demonstrate that the predator–prey system stabilizes due to predator’s induced fear suppressing/enhancing the birth/death of prey species. The competition among the predators for the available prey items also has a stabilizing role on the system’s dynamics. In contrast, the increasing growth rate of prey species or predation rate creates instability in the system by changing the stable phase to the limit cycle oscillations. Moreover, the effects of seasonality are also studied by extending the model system to its nonautonomous counterpart. Sufficient conditions are derived so that the seasonally driven system exhibits at least one positive periodic solution. Our numerical results show that the seasonally forced system exhibits periodic solution (globally attractive periodic solution), higher periodic solutions, bursting patterns and the extinction of predator species due to the seasonal variations of some parameters.
Effect of [Li]/[Nb] ratio on composition and defect structure of Zn:Yb:Tm:LiNbO3 crystals
Authors: Li Dai , Hao Yuan , He Ke-Qi , Wang Yu-Ning
Published: March 2023

Zn:Yb:Tm:LiNbO3 crystals with a range of [Li]/[Nb] ratios (0.94, 1.05, 1.20, and 1.38) were grown by Czochraski technique. The influence of [Li]/[Nb] ratio on the concentration of doped elements in grown crystal was investigated by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The defect structures formed at different [Li]/[Nb] ratios were studied by X-ray diffraction and INFRARED spectroscopy. The results show that, when the [Li]/[Nb] ratio increases, the segregation coefficients of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ions increase, while the segregation coefficient of [Formula: see text] ions decreases. When the [Li]/[Nb] ratio in the melt increases to 1.20, the Zn:Yb:Tm:LiNbO3 crystal approaches the stoichiometric ratio.
Analytical Calculation of Static Deflection of Biperiodic Stepped Euler–Bernoulli Beam
Authors: Li Yuchen , Elishakoff Isaac , Challamel Noël
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we investigate the lateral deflection of a simply supported periodic stepped beam under uniform load by using an analytical method. This study considers each element of the biperiodic stepped beam as a Euler–Bernoulli beam. By using the local coordinates alongside with the boundary and continuity conditions, the different coefficients for each element caused by the jump of the bending rigidity are calculated. The continuous deflection problem of the multi-stepped repetitive beam is formulated as a linear first-order difference equation with second member. With these coefficients, the deflection at mid-span of the biperiodic beam is analytically found in exact form. This deflection is satisfactory compared to the results of a finite element model based on beam discretization techniques using Hermitian cubic shape functions. The normalized deflection at mid span converges non-monotonically towards the homogenization beam model based on equivalent homogenized stiffness.
A Proposal to Analyze Muscle Dynamics Under Fatiguing Contractions Using Surface Electromyography Signals and Fuzzy Recurrence Network Features
Authors: Sasidharan Divya , Gopinath Venugopal , Swaminathan Ramakrishnan
Published: March 2023

The analysis of surface electromyography (sEMG) signals is significant in the detection of muscle fatigue. These signals exhibit a great degree of complexity, nonlinearity, and chaos. Also, presence of high degree of fluctuations in the signal makes its analysis a difficult task. This study aims to analyze the nonlinear dynamics of muscle fatigue conditions using Fuzzy recurrence networks (FRN). Dynamic sEMG signals are measured from biceps brachii muscle of 45 normal subjects referenced to 50% of maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) for this. Recorded signals are then pre-processed and divided into ten equal parts. FRNs are transformed from the signals. The network features, namely average weighted degree (AWD) and Closeness centrality (CC) are extracted to analyze the muscle dynamics during fatiguing conditions. The decrease in these features during fatigue indicates a reduction in signal complexity and an increase in complex network stiffness. Both AWD and CC features are statistically significant with [Formula: see text]. Further, these features are classified using Naïve Bayes (NB), k nearest neighbor (kNN) and random forest (RF) algorithms. Maximum accuracy of 96.90% is achieved using kNN classifier for combined FRN features. Thus, the proposed features provide high-quality inputs to the neural networks that may be helpful in analyzing the complexity and stiffness of neuromuscular system under various myoneural conditions.
Veracious Interpolated Measure of Angle and Length for Underwater Motion Blurred Images
Authors: Vimal Raj M. , Sakthivel Murugan S.
Published: March 2023

The quality of the underwater image is impairing with the atmospheric conditions. In this, one of the most significant issues in recent days is due to the motion blur induced by the imaging device or by the movement of the object in underwater image quality degradation. The various parameters of the blurred image must be identified to fix the effect of blurring in post-imaging. Therefore, spectrum-based parameter estimation method is proposed. Initially, to estimate the point spread function (PSF), the angle and the length is measured from image spectrum using radon transform. Then, for the accurate estimation of PSF, Optimized Polynomial Lagrange Interpolation (OPLI) is proposed. The data were collected and analyzed in various natural and structured water bodies in Chennai without affecting the real environment. It is observed that for the underwater images collected, the proposed OPLI approach outperforms compared to few existing traditional estimation methods like cepstral, hough, and radon. Then this veracious interpolated measure of angle and length (VIMAL) is restored using modified Lucy algorithm and is evaluated which results in high performance than the existing classical state-of-the-art methods.
WEARABLE MULTIPARAMETRIC DEVICE FOR REMOTE MONITORING OF CARDIORESPIRATORY FUNCTION
Authors: SPADOTTO ALBERTO , MOSCATO SERENA , MASSARO GIULIA , SPAGNI STEFANO , CHIARI LORENZO , DIEMBERGER IGOR
Published: March 2023

MySIGN is a new wearable device for multiparametric remote monitoring developed by the Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research (CIRI) of the University of Bologna. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of data collection through MySIGN and the characterization of the signals and data recorded through the device. Healthy volunteers were asked to wear MySIGN and perform three tasks: Rest (R), Deep breathing test (DB), and a six-minute walking test (6MWT). During each task, the following parameters were collected via MySIGN: absolute bioimpedance value (BioZ), bioimpedance variation ([Formula: see text]BioZ), respiratory rate, heart rate, ECG QT interval, blood oxygen saturation, and temperature. Fifteen volunteers were enrolled (nine females (60%), mean age [Formula: see text] years). The parameters collected by the device were successfully recorded during the three tasks. BioZ values neither varied among the three tasks nor by stratifying the population according to age, whereas BioZ values were higher for subjects with a body mass index (BMI) [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg/m2. [Formula: see text]BioZ remained unchanged regardless of the task, age, and BMI. MySIGN allows effective multiparametric data collection. The [Formula: see text]BioZ might be a good value for estimating lung congestion because it is less influenced by other variables.
New Ant Colony Algorithm for Solving Partial Job Shop Scheduling Problem
Authors: Kashef Samar , Elshaer Raafat
Published: March 2023

Scheduling problems are one of the most researched topics in the field of operational research. Scheduling problem models have evolved and branched because of the wide range of products, standards, and customer requirements. Recently, the partial job shop scheduling problem, which is a general model of shop scheduling problems, has become a new scheduling problem. Operations in this model are partially ordered, and the order varies for each job. Several problems studied independently in the literature, such as the group shop, mixed shop, job shop, and open shop scheduling problems, are considered special cases of the partial shop scheduling model. Because ant algorithms are known in the literature as effective tools for solving combinatorial optimization problems, this study proposed an ant colony (AC) algorithm for solving partial shop problems with an objective function to minimize makespan. The AC method was examined and evaluated on the renowned “Taillerd” benchmark instances. It was then compared with the hybrid scatter search (HSS) and iterated tabu search (ITS) methods. The AC algorithm’s average deviation for 80 instances ranged between 0% and 1.78%. The AC algorithm outperforms the HSS and ITS methods, according to the computational findings; where the average percentage relative deviation for AC is 0.66%, compared with 0.99% for ITS and 10.14% for HSS.
Privacy-preserving federated learning on lattice quantization
Authors: Zhang Lingjie , Zhang Hai
Published: March 2023

Federated learning (FL) is an important approach to cooperate with multiple devices for learning without exchanging data between devices and central server. However, due to bandwidth and other reasons, the communication efficiency should be considered when the volume of information transmitted is limited. In this paper, we utilize the tool of lattice quantization form quantization theory and the variable intercommunication interval to improve communication efficiency. Meanwhile, to make strong privacy guarantee, we incorporate the notion of differential privacy (DP) to the FL framework with local SGD algorithm. By adding calibrated noises, we propose a universal lattice quantization for differentially private federated averaging algorithm (ULQ-DP-FedAvg). We provide tight privacy bound by using some privacy techniques. We also analyze the convergence bound of ULQ-DP-FedAvg based on bits rate constraints and the growing inter-communication interval as well as the data are non-independent identically distribution (Non-IID). It turns out that the algorithm converges and preserves that the privacy has scarcely influenced on the convergence rate. The effectiveness of our algorithm is demonstrated by synthetic and real datasets.
GPU Parallelization of Solving Pressure Poisson Equation in MPS Method
Authors: Sun Zhe , Xu Zi-Kai , Zhang Xi , Yang Bi-Ye , Zhang Gui-Yong , Zhang Zhi-Fan
Published: March 2023

In this paper, the explicit solving of pressure Poisson equation and GPU parallelization were employed to improve the efficiency of MPS method, which is one of the mainstream particle methods. The performance of the explicit GPU parallel MPS method is discussed using two-dimensional dam-break and sloshing problems. The reliability and accuracy of the developed algorithm were validated against the results of traditional implicit solving method (based on GMRES) and experiment. In terms of efficiency improvement, compared with the traditional CPU-based serial solver, the explicit GPU-parallelized algorithm greatly reduces the computational time of the pressure Poisson equation. More specifically, the maximum acceleration ratios of 11.486 and 13.89 can be obtained by numerical simulation for 2D dam-break and sloshing problems with different particle numbers.
A Method on Estimates of Stress Intensity Factors of Outer Circle and Inner Ellipse Submarine Pipeline Under Bending Moment
Authors: Li Long , Deng Yousheng
Published: March 2023

The slender circle submarine pipeline possesses both shell and beam characteristics, which are widely used in practical engineering. Unfortunately, for some reason, there will be some geometric defects in the cross-section of the pipeline (such as machining errors and seawater corrosion, etc.), resulting in the stiffness of the circular submarine pipeline being different. The cracked variable stiffness pipeline is actually a typical three-dimensional complex crack problem. In this paper, taking the outer circle and inner ellipse submarine pipeline as an example, a method based on elementary mechanics and the concept of the conservation law is proposed to determine the stress intensity factors (SIFs) of variable stiffness pipeline, and a series of closed-form expressions of SIF are derived for the cracked pipeline. The results from the present method are shown to agree well with available solutions and FEM. In particular, the present method can also be easily applied to other similar variable stiffness submarine pipelines.
The dynamics of traveling wavefronts for a model describing host tissue degradation by bacteria
Authors: Yang Xing-Xing , Zhang Guo-Bao , Tian Ge
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we mainly investigate the dynamics of traveling wavefronts for a model describing host tissue degradation by bacteria. We first establish the existence of spreading speed, and show that the spreading speed coincides with the minimal wave speed of traveling wavefronts. Moreover, a lower bound estimate of the spreading speed is given. Then, we prove that the traveling wavefronts with large speeds are globally exponentially stable, when the initial perturbation around the traveling wavefronts decays exponentially as [Formula: see text], but the initial perturbation can be arbitrarily large in other locations. The adopted methods are the weighted energy and the squeezing technique.
Features of coexistence of tetragonal and orthorhombic phases in lead-free ferroelectric solid solutions
Authors: Topolov Vitaly Yu.
Published: March 2023

A model of a heterophase sample with interlayers is proposed to describe coexistence of tetragonal and orthorhombic phases in lead-free perovskite-type ferroelectric solid solutions. Versions of phase coexistence are analyzed at variations of unit-cell parameters of (Ba, Ca)(Ti, Zr)[Formula: see text] and (K, Na)(Nb, Sb)[Formula: see text]-(Ba, Ca)[Formula: see text] with compositions near morphotropic phase boundaries. Large regions of the tetragonal and orthorhombic phases are split into [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] domains, respectively. The interlayer of the orthorhombic phase is either single-domain or split into [Formula: see text] domains. A complete stress relief can be achieved at an elastic matching of the polydomain/single-domain or polydomain/polydomain phases. It is shown that different phase contents in ([Formula: see text])[Formula: see text]([Formula: see text])[Formula: see text] powder and ceramic are caused by different non-[Formula: see text] domain structures in the phases. The interlayer of the orthorhombic phase plays an important role in forming the phase content in solid solutions. Agreement is shown when comparing the evaluated volume fractions of the orthorhombic phase to experimental data.
Euler numbers and diametral paths in Fibonacci cubes, Lucas cubes and alternate Lucas cubes
Authors: Eğeci̇oğlu Ömer , Saygi Elif , Saygi Zülfükar
Published: March 2023

The diameter of a graph is the maximum distance between pairs of vertices in the graph. A pair of vertices whose distance is equal to its diameter is called diametrically opposite vertices. The collection of shortest paths between diametrically opposite vertices is referred as diametral paths. In this work, we enumerate the number of diametral paths for Fibonacci cubes, Lucas cubes and alternate Lucas cubes. We present bijective proofs that show that these numbers are related to alternating permutations and are enumerated by Euler numbers.
Portfolio optimization under distribution uncertainty with a feature fusion of conditional skewness GARCH model
Authors: Khan Yousaf Ali , Ahmad Muneeb , Ahmad Muhammad Munir
Published: March 2023

In this study, the currency exchange portfolios are optimized by applying an amalgamation of Coskewness and GARCH (1,1) models to ensure conditional skewness based on the GARCH (1,1) model, a new analysis technique is anticipated for the Conditional Skewness in auto-regressive uncertain instability. Applications of Mean–Variance through financial statistics confirm the validation of the projected evaluation process. The conditional skewness dependence on conditional variance is due to the proposed model’s effectiveness with the volatility feedback effect. For the Japanese stocks and the currency exchange rates, conditional risk-minimizing hedge strategies are estimated from July 2000 to June 2020. The empirical results illustrate that the best vibrant hedging strategies can moderately detain the currency rate variations seriously and decrease the currency rate risk by increasing and the portfolios’ risk-adjusted returns. Conditional skewness in the daily post-war Japanese stock returns confirms the importance of the model’s capability to optimize portfolios. All stock and currency exchange return portfolios are positively correlated with each other. Ultimately, our study results present that the exchange rate volatility can be modeled effectively by the GARCH model in a straightforward and uncomplicated method.
Numerical Prediction of Siltation Patterns at a Tidal Inlet in Karaikal, India
Authors: Saichenthur Nandhakumar , Babu Sukanya Ramesh , Sundar Vallam , Murali Kantharaj , Rajasekar Arun
Published: March 2023

Tidal inlets are an ecologically sensitive and significant constituent of the coastal environment, where an opening along the shoreline permits the free exchange of fresh and seawater. Predominant longshore currents along the shore result in the formation of sandbars, spits and shoals. Frequent occurrence of such sediment depositions acts as barriers, preventing the ingress of tidal flow. Conventionally training walls are constructed at the inlet to prevent sandbar and spit formations. The volume of water exchanged at the inlet mouth and ebb tidal currents primarily govern the inlet dimensions and the rate of littoral transport, respectively. The case study of a trained micro-tidal inlet at Karaikal (10[Formula: see text]52[Formula: see text]N; 79[Formula: see text]E), India is discussed in this paper. A numerical model using the finite volume method is applied to estimate the siltation rate and distribution within the study domain, driven by tide-induced currents and riverine discharge. A revetment structure is proposed to combat siltation within the inlet to facilitate smooth navigation. The study highlights the notable changes in the presence and absence of the proposed revetment.
The performance of speckle filters on Copernicus Sentinel-1 SAR images containing natural oil slicks
Authors: Vrînceanu Cristina Andra , Grebby Stephen , Marsh Stuart
Published: March 2023

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is traditionally used in the identification, mapping and analysis of petroleum slicks, regardless of their origin. On SAR images, oil slicks appear as dark patches that contrast with the brightness of the surrounding sea surface. This distinction allows for automated detection algorithms to be designed using computer vision methods for objective oil slick identification. Nevertheless, efficient interpretation of the SAR imagery by statistical analysis can be diminished due to the speckle effect present on SAR images, a granular artefact associated with the coherent nature of SAR that visually degrades the image quality. In this study, a quantitative and qualitative assessment of common SAR image despeckling methods is presented, analysing their performance when applied to images containing natural oil slicks. The assessment is performed on Copernicus Sentinel-1 images acquired with various temporal and environmental conditions. The assessment covers a diverse array of filters that employ Bayesian and non-linear statistics in the spatial, transform and wavelet domains, focussing on their demonstrated performance and capabilities for edge and texture retention. In summary, the results reveal that filters using local statistics in the spatial domain produce consistent desired effects. The novel SAR-BM3D algorithm can be used effectively, albeit with a higher computational demand.

Supplementary material:
Implementations of the speckle filters used in this paper are made available at
https://github.com/cavrinceanu/specklefilters
under an MIT license. Image statistics data are available in the
supplementary table
at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13010405

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Remote sensing for site investigations on Earth and other planets collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/remote-sensing-for-site-investigations-on-earth-and-other-planets
Load Thresholds for Cuckoo Hashing with Overlapping Blocks
Authors: Walzer Stefan
Published: March 2023

We consider a natural variation of cuckoo hashing proposed by Lehman and Panigrahy (2009). Each of
cn
objects is assigned
k
= 2 intervals of size ℓ in a linear hash table of size
n
and both starting points are chosen independently and uniformly at random. Each object must be placed into a table cell within its intervals, but each cell can only hold one object. Experiments suggested that this scheme outperforms the variant with
blocks
in which intervals are aligned at multiples of ℓ. In particular, the
load threshold
is higher, i.e., the load
c
that can be achieved with high probability. For instance, Lehman and Panigrahy (2009) empirically observed the threshold for ℓ = 2 to be around 96.5% as compared to roughly 89.7% using blocks. They pinned down the asymptotics of the thresholds for large ℓ, but the precise values resisted rigorous analysis.

We establish a method to determine these load thresholds for all ℓ ≥ 2, and, in fact, for general
k
≥ 2. For instance, for
k
= ℓ = 2, we get ≈ 96.4995%. We employ a theorem due to Leconte, Lelarge, and Massoulié (2013), which adapts methods from statistical physics to the world of hypergraph orientability. In effect, the orientability thresholds for our graph families are determined by belief propagation equations for certain graph limits. As a side note, we provide experimental evidence suggesting that placements can be constructed in linear time using an adapted version of an algorithm by Khosla (2013).
3′-End Processing of Eukaryotic mRNA: Machinery, Regulation, and Impact on Gene Expression
Authors: Boreikaitė Vytautė , Passmore Lori A.
Published: March 2023

Formation of the 3′ end of a eukaryotic mRNA is a key step in the production of a mature transcript. This process is mediated by a number of protein factors that cleave the pre-mRNA, add a poly(A) tail, and regulate transcription by protein dephosphorylation. Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) in humans, or cleavage and polyadenylation factor (CPF) in yeast, coordinates these enzymatic activities with each other, with RNA recognition, and with transcription. The site of pre-mRNA cleavage can strongly influence the translation, stability, and localization of the mRNA. Hence, cleavage site selection is highly regulated. The length of the poly(A) tail is also controlled to ensure that every transcript has a similar tail when it is exported from the nucleus. In this review, we summarize new mechanistic insights into mRNA 3′-end processing obtained through structural studies and biochemical reconstitution and outline outstanding questions in the field.
Low-Dimensional and Confined Ice
Authors: Cui Bowen , Xu Peizhen , Li Xiangzheng , Fan Kailong , Guo Xin , Tong Limin
Published: March 2023

Owing to its unique structure, morphology, and crystal quality, low-dimensional (L-D) ice has attracted increasing attention in recent years. With a size (at least in one dimension) between that of a single water molecule and a snowflake, L-D ice does not only appear as an intermediate state during the dimensional change but can also manifest extraordinary characteristics, from its molecular structures to its physical properties, which offer exciting opportunities for a better understanding and utilization of ice. In this article, we start with a brief introduction to the crystal growth, structure, and typical characterization techniques of ice and then review recent progress in the study of crystal growth, molecular structures, phase morphologies, and physical properties of zero-, one-, and two-dimensional (0-, 1-, and 2D) ice. Extraordinary behaviors of ice in low dimensions and extreme conditions are highlighted. Finally, the future outlook for the physical study and technological applications of L-D ice is briefly discussed.
Risk Factors with the Greatest Impact on Caregiver Burden in Informal Homecare Settings in Austria: A Quantitative Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Cartaxo Ana , Koller Martina , Mayer Hanna , Kolland Franz , Nagl-Cupal Martin
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study was to reveal the factors that most contribute to caregiver burden in informal adult caregivers, caring for adult care recipients in homecare settings in Austria. A quantitative supplementary secondary analysis based on the dataset of the Austrian Caregiver Study was conducted between February 2021 and March 2022. Based on the dataset of the primary study, which was deemed representative for caregivers in homecare context, 2532 caregivers (92.3% of the cases) were selected for data analysis. Theoretically relevant regressors on caregiver burden, which were available in the dataset, were identified based on an adaptation of Pearlin’s framework of caregiver stress. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics followed by multifactorial analysis of variance and a logistic regression model. Multiple variables, related to (1) sociodemographic characteristics of both care recipients and caregivers; (2) caregiving situation; (3) family-, work-, and finance-related characteristics; (4) availing social support and services, emerged as statistically significant owing to their influence on caregiver burden. Further data analysis illustrated that the five variables with the greatest impact on caregiver burden were as follows: (1) caregiver’s health status, (2) care recipient’s behavioral problems, (3) frequency of provision of direct care, (4) time spent on care, and (5) care dependency level.
Establishment of a Finite Element Model of Normal Nasal Bone and Analysis of Its Biomechanical Characteristics
Authors: Zhang Liuqing , Wang XinYue , Sun Yiyuan , Wang Shuqin , Zhang FuLong , Zhang Zhen
Published: March 2023

Nasal bone is a long, paired series of small bones, which is narrow at the top and broad at the bottom, that forms the base of the nasal dorsum. Together with the nasal part of the frontal bone, the frontal process of the maxilla and the middle plate of the ethmoid bone constitute the bone scaffold of the external nose. In this paper, the DICOM image data file was imported into the Mimics software for 3D reconstruction. At the same time, the Geomagic software was used for relevant image processing, and the finite element software ANSYS was used to establish a finite element model to analyze the stress characteristics of the nasomaxillary complex. Results. The maximum principal stress and maximum strain force at the lower segment of nasal bone and the junction of nasal bone and maxilla were relatively large. When the same external force acts on the lower segment of the nasal bone and the angle is 0° (sagittal force), the maximum principal stress and maximum strain force are the smallest. When the angle continues to increase, the maximum principal stress and maximum strain force continue to increase.
Stability of Set Differential Equations in Fréchet Spaces
Authors: Bao Junyan , Chen Wei , Wang Peiguang
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we investigate the stability of set differential equations in Fréchet space

F

. Some comparison principles and stability criteria are established for set differential equations with the fact that every Fréchet space

F

is a projective limit of Banach spaces.
Navigating the Impact of Renewable Energy, Trade Openness, Income, and Globalization on Load Capacity Factor: The Case of Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) Countries
Authors: Pata Ugur Korkut , Kartal Mustafa Tevfik , Dam Mehmet Metin , Kaya Funda
Published: March 2023

Considering relatively high but recently decreasing environmental quality in the LAC countries with regard to the world, this study uncovers the progress of environmental quality, which is proxied by load capacity factor (LCF). In this context, the study considers renewable energy, trade openness, income, and globalization as explanatory indicators; uses data from 1990 to 2018; applies pooled mean group autoregressive distributed lag (PMG-ARDL) approach as the main model; and performs panel Toda-Yamamoto (PTY) causality test as robustness model. This is important because the LAC countries have ecological reserves, whereas many countries have an ecological deficit. For this reason, the investigation of the LAC countries has significance for the environmental quality in the world. Also, this study has novelty in terms of examining LAC countries and using the LCF as the environmental quality. The results present that (i) renewable energy has an improving impact on the LCF in both the short run and the long run; (ii) trade openness has a stimulating impact on the LCF in the long run; (iii) however, globalization and economic growth have a degrading impact on the LCF in the long run. Hence, it can be drawn from the results that renewable energy and trade openness have a critical impact on preserving and developing environmental quality. In line with the empirical findings, it can be proposed that LAC countries should utilize renewable energy effectively, improve trade volume through trade openness, increase renewable energy technology import, and expand the use of renewable energy in foreign trade activities. Thus, effective renewable energy and foreign trade policies can promote the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the LAC countries.