bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mothers’ perceptions of their children pursuing work in the home and hospitality
Authors: Zahra Anne , Hooper Selena
Published: June 2013

This grounded theory study investigates the perceptions and attitudes of mothers towards their children selecting future careers related to work in the home and/or in hospitality. This research note presents findings on a qualitative study with 25 Australian women exploring mothers’
perceptions of hospitality and the home as a career and profession. Previous studies have found that parents play an important role in career selection of their children and that the decision to choose a hospitality career often began in the home. The findings suggest that mothers were supportive
of their children selecting a hospitality career if that is what they wanted. It also found that mothers understood this line of work in different ways, with ‘career’ connoting a person’s life trajectory and ‘profession’ being associated with education. These
participants recognized the intrinsic value of the work in the home and hospitality and their contribution to society, but acknowledge that society generally does not value this work. In this sense, the mothers’ perceptions reflect broader societal perceptions of hospitality work, but
suggest avenues for revaluing work in the home. Because the findings in this study are unique to Australia, there may be value for further research internationally.
Home, domesticity and hospitality: A theoretical reflection
Authors: Russo Maria Teresa
Published: June 2013

‘Domesticity’ is discussed in different everyday experiences, such as intimacy, familiarity, hospitality and care. Home responds to the human need to find an affective and stable centre in a global world where one can remain anonymous. ‘Home’ means ‘shared
intimacy’ between people with whom we have deep ties. For this reason, ‘domesticity’ refers to a dimension rather than relational space and is not the same as simply comfort, but the result of a style of living that is experienced in a full and original way in the family.
The home is also openness and hospitality. Authentic hospitality is not simply physical and spatial objects in order to receive someone, but it means welcome and the ability to meet the other.
Cinema memory: National identity as expressed by Swedish elders in an oral history project
Authors: Jernudd Åsa
Published: June 2013

This article is a contribution to the ‘new cinema history’ vein of media studies concerning the experience of American films in foreign, local contexts. It explores the cinema memory discourse of senior citizens living in a post-industrial mining region in central Sweden.
The informants offer a variety of narrative strategies of cinema memory that can be related to social differences within the group based on class, membership in social societies and local geopolitics. The informants also take care to mention Swedish films and actors in more or less equal
proportion and with similar enthusiasm compared to American ones, yet Swedish film has only had a limited amount of screen time throughout the age of cinema. The elderly informants’ cinema memories are constructed in dual terms: on the one hand acknowledging traits of cinema culture
in terms of glamour, sincerity and novelty tied to the dominant Hollywood fare and on the other hand taking care to anchor the experience of cinema-going in a strong sense of national community. The contention is that the informants are evoking a cinema-going culture that caters to a deeply
felt human need of belonging, and this belonging is identified with the prosperous Swedish post-war nation state.
‘Senior pop music?’ The role of folk-like schlager music for elderly people
Authors: Sūna Laura
Published: June 2013

Based on a qualitative study, this article discusses the role of folk-like schlager music for elderly people in Germany. Music preferences and aspects of fandom are analysed from a cultural studies perspective, and are elaborated through frameworks including stereotypical attributions,
ascribed meanings of music content, taste history and functions of music. Additionally, cultural and group identities are analysed. Finally, the article discusses the possible age-specific forms of fandom and advocates for the abolition of fandom studies’ dominant, stereotypical distance
towards popular culture preferences of elderly people.
Parathyroidectomy eliminates arrhythmic risk in primary hyperparathyroidism, as evaluated by exercise test
Authors: Pepe Jessica , Curione Mario , Morelli Sergio , Varrenti Marisa , Cammarota Camillo , Cilli Mirella , Piemonte Sara , Cipriani Cristiana , Savoriti Claudio , Raimo Orlando , De Lucia Federica , Colangelo Luciano , Clementelli Carolina , Romagnoli Elisabetta , Minisola Salvatore
Published: June 2013

Objective

To investigate whether parathyroidectomy (PTx) reverses risk factors for arrhythmias related to the QT dynamic changes evaluated during bicycle ergometry exercise test (ET).

Methods

Twenty-four postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) (mean age 60.0±8.4 years) and 30 sex- and age-matched controls underwent ET, echocardiography, and biochemical evaluation. The following stages were considered during ET: rest, peak exercise, and recovery. The patients were randomized to two groups: 12 underwent PTx (group A) and 12 were followed-up conservatively (group B). After 6 months, the patients were studied again.

Results

Groups A and B showed no differences in mean baseline biochemical values, echocardiographic parameters, and QTc interval. PHPT patients showed an increased occurrence of ventricular premature beats (VPBs) during ET compared with controls (37.0 vs 6.6%,P=0.03). Serum calcium level was a predictor of VPBs (P=0.05). Mean value of QTc was in the normal range at baseline (group A: 401±16.9; group B: 402.25±13.5 ms) but significantly lower than controls (417.8±25.1 ms,P<0.01). A negative correlation was found between QTc and calcium values (P=0.03). Physiological reduction of QTc interval from rest to peak exercise was not observed in PHPT patients before surgery. After PTx, group A had a significant reduction in VPBs compared with baseline (at baseline, 5 of 12 vs none of 12 patients after PTx,P=0.03) and a restored normal QT adaptation during ET. Group B showed no significant changes after a 6-month period.

Conclusions

PTx reduces the occurrence of VPBs and restored the QTc adaptation during ET.
Cryopreservation increases coating of bull sperm by seminal plasma binder of sperm proteins BSP1, BSP3, and BSP5
Authors: Ardon Florencia , Suarez Susan S
Published: June 2013

Artificial insemination with frozen semen allows affordable, worldwide dissemination of gametes with superior genetics. Nevertheless, sperm are damaged by the cryopreservation process. Elucidating the molecular effects of cryopreservation on sperm could suggest methods for improving fertility of frozen/thawed semen. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of cryopreservation on the coating of sperm by binder of sperm (BSP) proteins in seminal plasma. BSP proteins are secreted by the seminal vesicles and coat the surface of sperm by partially intercalating into the outer leaflet of the sperm plasma membrane. The BSP proteins are known to play roles in the formation of the oviductal sperm storage reservoir and in sperm capacitation. We investigated the effects of cryopreservation on the sperm BSP protein coat using Bovipure to separate live sperm from extended semen and then assaying the amounts of BSP proteins on sperm using quantitative western blotting with custom-made antibodies against unique sequences of each BSP protein. Greater amounts of all three BSP proteins (BSP1, BSP3, and BSP5) were detected on frozen/thawed sperm than on fresh sperm. Furthermore, the reduction of BSP3 from 15 to 13 kDa in mass, which occurs during incubation of sperm under mild capacitating conditions, was enhanced by cryopreservation. We concluded that freezing alters the BSP protein coating on sperm, which could account in part for reduced fertility of cryopreserved semen samples.
The role of endocannabinoids in pregnancy
Authors: Chan Hsiu-Wen , McKirdy Natalie C , Peiris Hassendrini N , Rice Gregory E , Mitchell Murray D
Published: June 2013

Endocannabinoids are a family of lipid signalling molecules. As with prostaglandins (PGs), endocannabinoids are derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids and affect cell function via receptor-mediated mechanisms. They also bind to PG receptors, although at a lower affinity. The endocannabinoid network is regulated in pregnancy from embryo development to labour onset. Even small changes in endocannabinoid exposure can retard embryo development and affect implantation success. There is now compelling evidence that aberrant expression of factors involved in the endocannabinoid pathway in the placenta and circulating lymphocytes results in spontaneous miscarriage and poor pregnancy outcomes. It is likely that competition between endocannabinoids, PGs and other similar lipids ultimately determines how phospholipid/fatty acid substrates are metabolised and, thus, the balance between the uterotonic and tocolytic activities. We, therefore, hypothesise that endocannabinoid profiles may be used as a biomarker to predict and/or identify spontaneous labour onset.
Hydrothermal epitaxy of lead free (Na,K)NbO3-based piezoelectric films
Authors: Handoko Albertus D. , Goh Gregory K. L.
Published: June 2013

Lead free niobate solid solutions can exhibit piezoelectric properties comparable to that of lead zirconate titanate piezoelectrics in the vicinity of its morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). Here we describe how (Na,K)NbO3 and (Na,K)NbO3-LiTaO3 solid solution thin films can be grown epitaxially by the hydrothermal method at temperatures of 200 °C or below in water and be made ferro- and piezoelectrically active by a simple 2 step post growth treatment.
Thin YBa2Cu3O7-δpatterns by Chemical Solution Processing using Ink-Jet Printing
Authors: Feys Jonas , Ghekiere Bram , Lommens Petra , Hopkins Simon C. , Vermeir Pieter , Baecker Michael , Glowacki Bartek A. , Van Driessche Isabel
Published: June 2013

In this paper, we present ink-jet printing as an attractive alternative to lithography and etching methods for the development of multi-filamentary YBa2Cu3O7-δcoated conductors. Our research is mainly focused on the study of the influence of rheological parameters on the printability of water-based inks in order to produce superconducting patterns on SrTiO3and CeO2-La2Zr2O7-Ni5at%W substrates. An aqueous YBCO precursor ink with a total metal ion concentration of 1.1 mol/L with a viscosity of 6.79 mPa s and a surface tension of 67.9 mN/m is developed. Its printing behavior using several ink-jet printing devices is verified using a camera with strobed illumination to quantify droplet velocity and volume. After optimization of the deposition parameters, YBCO tracks with different dimensions could be printed on both types of substrates. Their shape and dimensions were determined using optical microscopy and non-contact profilometry, showing 100-200 nm thick and 40-200 µm wide tracks. Finally, resistivity measurements were performed on the widest tracks on SrTiO3showing a clear drop in the resistivity starting from 88.6 K with a ∆Tcof 1.4 K.
Solution Processed TiO2 Nanotubular Core with Polypyrrole Conducting Polymer Shell Structures for Supercapacitor Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Sidhu Navjot K. , Thankalekshmi Ratheesh R. , Rastogi A.C.
Published: June 2013

Ordered one dimensional polypyrrole conducting polymer structure as a shell over TiO2 nanotube arrays at the core were formed by pulsed current electropolymerization. TiO2 nanotubes with rippled wall structure are designed by action of water in the anodizing medium. This provides open tube structure supporting short diffusion length and increased accessibility of ions involved in redox transition for energy storage. Electrochemical properties evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show specific capacitance of 34-44 mF.cm-2 and extremely low bulk and charge transfer resistances.
Electron transport within the two-dimensional electron gas formed at a ZnO/ZnMgO heterojunction: Recent progress
Authors: Hadi Walid A. , Baghani Erfan , Shur Michael S. , O’Leary Stephen K.
Published: June 2013

We employ Monte Carlo simulations of the electron transport that occurs within the two-dimensional electron gas formed at a ZnO/ZnMgO heterojunction. Steady-state and transient electron transport results are presented. We find that at high fields, increases in the free electron concentration result in decreases in the electron drift velocities.
Perdas fetais espontâneas e voluntárias no Brasil em 1999-2000: um estudo de fatores associados
Authors: Machado Carla Jorge , Lobato Ana Christina de Lacerda , Melo Victor Hugo , Guimarães Mark Drew Crosland
Published: June 2013

Apesar de ilegal no Brasil, cerca de 31% das gestações terminam em aborto. A maioria dos abortamentos provocados é realizada por pessoas não capacitadas, e em condições inseguras, resultando em aumento da mortalidade feminina. O presente estudo utilizou dados de uma amostra representativa de 3.047 puérperas, de 1999-2000, de corte transversal, parte de estudo multicêntrico nacional sobre soroprevalência de sífilis no Brasil. Destas, foram analisadas 1.838 puérperas com pelo menos uma gravidez anterior à gravidez de referência. Os desfechos estudados foram perdas fetais prévias (voluntária e espontânea) e ausência de perda fetal prévia. A análise foi conduzida por meio de regressão logística multinomial. Os resultados indicaram alto número de perdas fetais por mulher (até seis) e 31% das perdas foram voluntárias. A ausência de pré-natal, a história de DST na gravidez de referência e a ausência de filhos vivos aumentaram a ocorrência de perdas fetais. Para as perdas voluntárias, a raça/cor não branca, mais de um parceiro no ano anterior e idade precoce à primeira relação sexual também concorreram para o aumento da ocorrência. Características de vulnerabilidade destas mulheres devem ser consideradas em programas de planejamento familiar e de aconselhamento de mulheres, focalizando aquelas que já tiveram abortos, para a redução do número e consequências deste procedimento.
Programa Bolsa-Família: qualidade da dieta de população adulta do município de Curitiba, PR
Authors: Lima Flávia Emília Leite de , Fisberg Regina Mara , Uchimura Kátia Yumi , Picheth Telma
Published: June 2013

Este estudo avaliou a qualidade da dieta da população beneficiária do Programa Bolsa-Família, em Curitiba, PR. Estudo transversal, de base populacional, realizado no período de julho de 2006 a julho de 2007. Foram entrevistados 747 beneficiários, a partir dos 19 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos. Para avaliação da qualidade da dieta foi aplicado recordatório de 24 horas, e o Índice de Qualidade da Dieta (IQD) foi utilizado como parâmetro para classificação do grupo em níveis de consumo. Estatística descritiva foi utilizada para descrever a qualidade da dieta da população. Para a comparação de médias do índice segundo as variáveis socioeconômicas foram realizados o teste t de Wald e a análise de variância ANOVA, considerando-se um nível de significância de 5%. A amostra foi constituída por 91,4% de mulheres e 8,6 % de homens. A média de idade da população foi de 36,4 ± 13,3 anos, com cerca de 75 % possuindo o ensino fundamental incompleto. A média do IQD foi de 51 pontos, o que caracteriza uma dieta que precisa de ajustes. A população possui uma dieta monótona, com um consumo adequado de leguminosas, porém baixo para frutas, verduras e produtos lácteos. Na comparação entre as categorias de qualidade da dieta dos indivíduos, todos os componentes, com exceção do sódio, apresentaram medianas de pontuação estatisticamente diferentes (p < 0,01). Estudos que avaliem a qualidade da dieta são fundamentais para subsidiar a implantação de programas de educação alimentar direcionados para o cerne do problema nas populações estudadas.
Mortalidade masculina em três capitais brasileiras, 1979 a 2007
Authors: Luizaga Carolina Terra de Moraes , Gotlieb Sabina Léa Davidson
Published: June 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: No Brasil, verifica-se maior mortalidade masculina em praticamente todas as idades e na quase totalidade das causas. OBJETIVO: Estimar e descrever a tendência da mortalidade masculina, entre 1979 e 2007, em São Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ) e Porto Alegre (RS). MATERIAL E MÉTODO: As populações de estudo referem-se aos residentes nas três capitais, nos triênios 1979/81, 1990/92, 1999/2001 e 2005/07 e respectivos óbitos. As fontes de dados incluíram Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e Sistemas de Informações em Saúde do Brasil. Calcularam-se os coeficientes de mortalidade gerais e específicos (brutos e padronizados). RESULTADOS: Verificaram-se declínio da proporção de crianças e de jovens e crescimento da proporção de idosos. Até 24 anos, os homens predominaram na população; a partir daí observaram-se maiores participações femininas e razões de sexos cada vez mais baixas, evidenciando, entre idosos, maior presença de mulheres, fato associado à elevada mortalidade masculina. Houve perda intensa de jovens por causas externas. Em 2005/07, este grupo correspondeu à principal causa de morte masculina até a faixa de 40-44 anos. Nos grupos etários seguintes, as doenças circulatórias foram a principal causa. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: As localidades evidenciam características de cidades em desenvolvimento, com redução da fecundidade, aumento da sobrevivência e envelhecimento populacional. As estimativas do elevado risco de morrer dos homens tornam clara sua vulnerabilidade, demandando ações que possibilitem redução da mortalidade por causas evitáveis, eliminando comportamentos de risco e incentivando hábitos saudáveis. Só assim haverá aumento da esperança de vida e redução das diferenças entre as mortalidades feminina e masculina.
Variância intrapessoal da ingestão de energia e nutrientes em adolescentes: correção de dados em estudos epidemiológicos
Authors: Verly Junior Eliseu , Cesar Chester Luis Galvão , Fisberg Regina Mara , Marchioni Dirce Maria Lobo
Published: June 2013

OBJETIVO: Este artigo objetiva fornecer valores de componentes de variância intrapessoal da ingestão de energia e nutrientes que possibilita estimar a ingestão habitual em adolescentes, em inquéritos dietéticos quando há disponível somente um recordatório de 24 horas para cada indivíduo. Também será fornecido um exemplo de sua aplicação na correção da distribuição da ingestão de nutrientes proveniente de adolescentes de outro estudo. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados recordatórios de 24 horas de 215 adolescentes do município de São Paulo. Os componentes de variância foram estimados utilizando o Software for Intake Distribution Estimation (PC-SIDE). Para cada nutriente foi construído um modelo, estratificado por sexo, que inclui o dia e o mês da coleta, e variáveis de ponderação. RESULTADOS: Os componentes de variância intrapessoal variaram de 0,55 para gordura mono-saturada (sexo feminino) a 0,96 para o folato (sexo masculino). Entre os macronutrientes e energia foram observados valores mais elevados para o sexo masculino. No exemplo da aplicação do componente de variância, foi estimada a distribuição da ingestão de vitamina B6 com menos viés comparada à distribuição sem a correção. CONCLUSÃO: Estes dados podem ser utilizados na estimativa da ingestão habitual de energia e nutrientes e cálculo da prevalência de inadequação em adolescentes de populações semelhantes, quando há disponível somente um recordatório de 24 horas para cada indivíduo do estudo.
Centrifuge study of anchored geosynthetic slopes
Authors: Rajabian A. , Ghiassian H. , Viswanadham B.V.S.
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT: This paper presents the results of centrifuge model testing on slopes reinforced by anchored geosynthetics and subjected to seepage conditions. The tests were conducted on 2V:1H slope models under steady seepage condition at 50g. Surface settlements and pore water pressures at different locations were recorded during the test. The influence of anchor stiffness, anchor length, and anchor pretensioning were examined. With an increase in anchor strength or stiffness, a considerable decrease in crest settlements and face movements was observed. Further, pretensioning of strands was found to be effective in enhancing the efficiency of anchored geosynthetic systems. Limit equilibrium stability analyses were in good agreement with the experimental results of slope models at failure.
Electro-osmotic piles
Authors: Mohd Nizar Khairul N. , Clarke Barry G.
Published: June 2013

The paper introduces the concept of electro-osmotic piles, a concept similar to that of soil displacement ground improvement systems but instead of introducing material it uses electro-osmotic treatment to stiffen the ground by reducing the water content through electrodes in the form of prefabricated vertical drains. The drains are installed vertically to form a grid of anodes and cathodes. The cathodes act as the drains; the anodes become the centres of the ‘piles' at which the maximum increase in stiffness occurs. Laboratory tests using different configurations, time of treatment and voltage showed that there is a balance between the improved overall capacity of the ground, the efficiency of the system and the operational energy. Unlike other ground improvement systems this concept allows the final capacity to be predicted from the improvement process.
Decision‐making for ecosystem‐based management: evaluating options for a krill fishery with an ecosystem dynamics model
Authors: Watters G. M. , Hill S. L. , Hinke J. T. , Matthews J , Reid K
Published: June 2013

Decision‐makers charged with implementing ecosystem‐based management (EBM) rely on scientists to predict the consequences of decisions relating to multiple, potentially conflicting, objectives. Such predictions are inherently uncertain, and this can be a barrier to decision‐making. The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources requires managers of Southern Ocean fisheries to sustain the productivity of target stocks, the health and resilience of the ecosystem, and the performance of the fisheries themselves. The managers of the Antarctic krill fishery in the Scotia Sea and southern Drake Passage have requested advice on candidate management measures consisting of a regional catch limit and options for subdividing this among smaller areas. We developed a spatially resolved model that simulates krill–predator–fishery interactions and reproduces a plausible representation of past dynamics. We worked with experts and stakeholders to identify (1) key uncertainties affecting our ability to predict ecosystem state; (2) illustrative reference points that represent the management objectives; and (3) a clear and simple way of conveying our results to decision‐makers. We developed four scenarios that bracket the key uncertainties and evaluated candidate management measures in each of these scenarios using multiple stochastic simulations. The model emphasizes uncertainty and simulates multiple ecosystem components relating to diverse objectives. We summarize the potentially complex results as estimates of the risk that each illustrative objective will not be achieved (i.e., of the state being outside the range specified by the reference point). This approach allows direct comparisons between objectives. It also demonstrates that a candid appraisal of uncertainty, in the form of risk estimates, can be an aid, rather than a barrier, to understanding and using ecosystem model predictions. Management measures that reduce coastal fishing, relative to oceanic fishing, apparently reduce risks to both the fishery and the ecosystem. However, alternative reference points could alter the perceived risks, so further stakeholder involvement is needed to identify risk metrics that appropriately represent their objectives.
Consumers With Major Depressive Disorder: Factors Influencing Job Placement
Authors: Hergenrather Kenneth C. , Haase Eileen , Zeglin Robert J. , Rhodes Scott D.
Published: June 2013

The theory of planned behavior (TPB) was applied to study the factors that influence the intention of public rehabilitation placement professionals to place consumers with major depressive disorder (MDD) in jobs. A sample of 108 public rehabilitation placement professionals in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States completed the MDD Placement Scale (MDDPS), which was based on the Rehabilitation Professional Survey (RPS; Hergenrather, Haase, & Rhodes, 2013; Hergenrather & Rhodes, 2004; Hergenrather, Rhodes, McDaniel, & Brown, 2003). Hypotheses were developed within the guidelines of the TPB to examine the influences of attitude (AT), subjective norm (SN), and impediments on the intention of public rehabilitation placement professionals to place a consumer with MDD in a job. The regression of AT, SN, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) yielded a statistically significant model. Study findings suggest further applications of the TPB in vocational rehabilitation research to enhance job placement outcomes.
Effects of increased influent nitrogen load on a part-time aerated activated sludge system
Authors: Weinpel T. , Bakos V. , Jobbágy A.
Published: June 2013

Part-time aeration is frequently applied in activated sludge systems in order to decrease treatment costs by achieving nitrification and denitrification in the same basin. However, measurements and mathematical simulations carried out at the North-Budapest Wastewater Treatment Plant (Budapest, Hungary), clearly show that especially in the increasingly characteristic shortage of readily biodegradable carbon-source, this technique may lead to high effluent nitrate and/or ammonia concentrations at decreased temperatures. This situation may be worsened when co-digestion of external wastes with high N-content increase the ammonia concentration of sludge processing return flows. In these cases, denitrification should rather be enhanced in pre-anoxic zones. Pronounced pre-denitrification leads to better usage of the influent carbon-source and to considerably less methanol demand when dosing external carbon-source proves to be necessary.
Paths to Bullying in Online Gaming: The Effects of Gender, Preference for Playing Violent Games, Hostility, and Aggressive Behavior on Bullying
Authors: Yang Shu Ching
Published: June 2013

This study examined a sample of adolescent online game players and explored the relationships between their gender, preference for video games (VG), hostility, aggressive behavior, experiences of cyberbullying, and victimization. The path relationships among the variables were further validated with structure equation modeling. Among the respondents, 1,069 (86.77%) had played online games and these respondents were the subjects of this study. The analyses revealed a significant relationship among preference for VG, hostility, aggressive behavior, and cyberbullying among online gamers. Preferences for VG were indirectly associated with cyberbullying via aggressive behavior. Moreover, the tendency toward hostility was indirectly associated with cyberbullying via victimization. Being a victim of cyberbullying was directly associated with both cyberbullying and aggressive behavior and indirectly associated with cyberbullying via aggressive behaviors.
World Incidence of AKI
Authors: Susantitaphong Paweena , Cruz Dinna N. , Cerda Jorge , Abulfaraj Maher , Alqahtani Fahad , Koulouridis Ioannis , Jaber Bertrand L.
Published: June 2013

Background and objectives

The burden of AKI around the globe has not been systematically examined.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

A systematic review (2004–2012) of large cohort studies was conducted to estimate the world incidence of AKI and its stages of severity and associated mortality, and to describe geographic variations according to countries, regions, and their economies. AKI definitions were reclassified according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) staging system. Random-effects model meta-analyses and meta-regressions were used to generate summary estimates and explore sources of heterogeneity.

Results

There were 312 studies identified (n=49,147,878) , primarily in hospital settings. Most studies originated from North America, Northern Europe, and Eastern Asia, from high-income countries, and from nations that spent ≥5% of the gross domestic product on total health expenditure. Among the 154 studies (n=3,585,911) that adopted a KDIGO-equivalent AKI definition, the pooled incidence rates of AKI were 21.6% in adults (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 19.3 to 24.1) and 33.7% in children (95% CI, 26.9 to 41.3). The pooled AKI-associated mortality rates were 23.9% in adults (95% CI, 22.1 to 25.7) and 13.8% in children (95% CI, 8.8 to 21.0). The AKI-associated mortality rate declined over time, and was inversely related to income of countries and percentage of gross domestic product spent on total health expenditure.

Conclusions

Using the KDIGO definition, 1 in 5 adults and 1 in 3 children worldwide experience AKI during a hospital episode of care. This analysis provides a platform to raise awareness of AKI with the public, government officials, and health care professionals.
Comments by the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on PCAOB Release No. 2013-002: Proposed Framework for Reorganization of PCAOB Auditing Standards and Related Amendments to PCAOB Auditing Standards and Rules
Authors: Feng Nancy Chun , Pevzner Mikhail
Published: June 2013

On March 26, 2013, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) solicited public comments on its exposure draft of the Proposed Framework for Reorganization of PCAOB Auditing Standards and Related Amendments to PCAOB Auditing Standards and Rules. The comment period ended on May 28, 2013. This commentary summarizes the contributors' views on this exposure draft (the exposure draft and other related information are available at: http://pcaobus.org/Rules/Rulemaking/Pages/Docket040.aspx).
Evaluation of the use of digital study models in postgraduate orthodontic programs in the United States and Canada
Authors: Shastry Shruti , Park Jae Hyun
Published: June 2013

Objective:

To investigate the extent, experience, and trends associated with digital model use, as well as the advantages of using a particular study model type (digital or plaster) in postgraduate orthodontic programs in the United States and Canada.

Materials and Methods:

An electronic survey consisting of 14 questions was sent to 72 program directors or chairpersons of accredited orthodontic postgraduate programs in the United States and Canada.

Results:

Fifty-one responded for a 71% response rate. Sixty-five percent of the schools use plaster study models compared with 35% that use digital models. The most common advantages of plaster models were a three-dimensional feel and the ability for them to be mounted on an articulator. The most common advantages of digital models were the ease of storage and retrieval, and the residents' exposure to new technology. About one third of the plaster model users reported that they wanted to switch to digital models in the future, with 12% planning to do so within 1 year.

Conclusions:

Based on our study, 35% of accredited orthodontic postgraduate programs in the United States and Canada are using digital study models in most cases treated in their programs, and the trend is for increased digital model use in the future.
Improvement of the Two-Hemisphere Model-Driven Approach for Generation of the UML Class Diagram
Authors: Nikiforova Oksana , Gusarovs Konstantins , Gorbiks Olegs , Pavlova Natalja
Published: June 2013

In this paper an ability to apply the two-hemisphere model-driven approach for creation of the UML class diagram is discussed and the way to avoid the limitations of the approach is offered. The result of the proposed improvement of the twohemisphere model-driven approach is the increased number of elements of the UML class diagram available for automatic generation and several statements for semi-automatic transformation of business process diagram and the concept diagram into software components. As a result, the authors can ascertain that it is possible to apply the improved twohemisphere model-driven approach in practice in the real software development, and not only for academic purpose.
Mapping Implementation for Multi-robot System with Glyph Localisation
Authors: Andersone Ilze , Liekna Aleksis , Ņikitenko Agris
Published: June 2013

An important prerequisite for creation of autonomous robot is the ability to create the map of the environment. Robots need to be able to construct a map of the environment and to use it for navigation. In this paper a multirobot mapping approach is proposed, where artificial landmarks (glyphs) are used for robot localisation and only simple sensors - bumper sensors - are available for obstacle detection. The proposed mapping system creates the map of the environment and allows changing the map rapidly in case of inaccurate robot position measurements or sensor errors. The system has a central server and robots use wireless network to communicate with the server. The mapping implementation takes into account the fact that the network has limited bandwidth and only limited amount of data can be sent.
Use of Learning Methods to Improve Kinematic Models
Authors: Priedniece Kintija , Nikitenko Agris , Liekna Aleksis , Kulikovskis Guntis
Published: June 2013

Kinematic model is the basic aspect in robot design and motion planning. Kinematic models are idealized, however there exist certain specific aspects of particular robot or environment, so that during navigation, the robot can significantly deviate from the planned trajectory. To increase the accuracy of motions, kinematic model can be improved and to achieve that the artificial intelligence methods can be used. In case of fixed base robots different approaches are used to train kinematics, at the same time, for the mobile base robots it proves to be a more complicated task. The reason is that a mobile robot can move unbound with respect to environment thus it is difficult to control the platform without deviation from the target position, which leads to inaccuracy in the position estimate. This paper presents the method meant for improvement of the accuracy of motion of differential drive platform. Genetic programming is used to obtain the wheel velocity function, from which the coefficient, which describes different factor influence on motion, is obtained. As a result, the kinematic model of a particular platform for a particular task is obtained. This method is effective because the developed kinematic model is more specific than the general one.
Modeling the Interaction Between two-Wheeled Self-Balancing Vehicle and its Rider
Authors: Ciężkowski M.
Published: June 2013

The paper presents a modeling method and mathematical description of a two-wheeled self-balancing vehicle and its rider. A model of the rider that was used contains a model of the ankle joint, so we could determine the interaction between the rider and the vehicle. The paper presents results of computer simulations , which show the fundamental processes during riding, such as acceleration and braking.
The Application of Boolean Algebra in Modelling of Leakage Condition of a Car Hydraulic Braking System
Authors: Idzikowski A. , Salamon S.
Published: June 2013

A general characteristics of a car hydraulic braking system (CHBS) is presented in this publication. A graphical model of properties-component objects is developed for the above-mentioned system. Moreover, four mathematical models in terms of logic, the set theory and the Boolean algebra of Boolean functions are developed. The examination is ended with a general model of the CHBS for n - Boolean variables and the construction and mathematical-technical interpretation of this model is presented.
A New C0 2D Fe Model Based on Improved Higher Order Zigzag Theory for the Analysis of Soft Core Sandwich Plate
Authors: Khandelwal R.P. , Chakrabarti A. , Bhargava P.
Published: June 2013

An efficient C0 continuous finite element (FE) model is developed based on a combined theory (refine higher order shear deformation theory (RHSDT) and least square error (LSE) method) for the static analysis of a soft core sandwich plate. In this (RHSDT) theory, the in-plane displacement field for the face sheets and the core is obtained by superposing a global cubically varying displacement field on a zig-zag linearly varying displacement field with a different slope in each layer. The transverse displacement assumes to have a quadratic variation within the core and it remains constant in the faces beyond the core. The proposed model satisfies the condition of transverse shear stress continuity at the layer interfaces and the zero transverse shear stress condition at the top and bottom of the sandwich plate. The nodal field variables are chosen in an efficient manner to circumvent the problem of C1 continuity requirement of the transverse displacements. In order to calculate the accurate through thickness transverse stresses variation, the Least Square Error (LSE) method has been used at the post processing stage. The proposed combined model (RHSDT and LSE) is implemented to analyze the laminated composites and sandwich plates. Many new results are also presented which should be useful for future research.
MHD Effects on Non-Newtonian Power-Law Fluid Past a Continuously Moving Porous Flat Plate with Heat Flux and Viscous Dissipation
Authors: Kishan N. , Shashidar Reddy B.
Published: June 2013

The problem of a magneto-hydro dynamic flow and heat transfer to a non-Newtonian power-law fluid flow past a continuously moving flat porous plate in the presence of sucion/injection with heat flux by taking into consideration the viscous dissipation is analysed. The non-linear partial differential equations governing the flow and heat transfer are transformed into non-linear ordinary differential equations using appropriate transformations and then solved numerically by an implicit finite difference scheme. The solution is found to be dependent on various governing parameters including the magnetic field parameter M, power-law index n, suction/injection parameter ƒw, Prandtl number Pr and Eckert number Ec. A systematical study is carried out to illustrate the effects of these major parameters on the velocity profiles, temperature profile, skin friction coefficient and rate of heat transfer and the local Nusslet number.
Eigen Value Approach in Micropolar Elastic Medium with Voids
Authors: Singh R. , Singh K.
Published: June 2013

The eigen value approach, following the Laplace and Hankel transformation has been employed to find a general solution of the field equations in a micropolar elastic medium with voids for an axisymmetric problem. An infinite space with the mechanical source has been applied to illustrate the utility of the approach. The integral transformations has been inverted by using a numerical inversion technique to get the result in physical domain. The results in the form of normal displacement, volume fraction, normal force stress, tangential force stress and tangential couple stress components have been obtained numerically and illustrated graphically.
Dynamical Analysis of Stiffened Plates under Patch Loading
Authors: Srivastava A.K.L. , Pandey S.R. , Kumar A.
Published: June 2013

The vibration characteristics of stiffened plates with cutouts subjected to in-plane partial edge loadings at one end at the plate boundaries are studied using the finite element method. Buckling loads and vibration frequencies are determined for different cutout ratios and extent of partial edge loading at one end. In the structural modelling, the plate and the stiffeners are treated as separate elements where the compatibility between these two types of elements is maintained. The main elegance of the formulation lies in the treatment of the stiffeners. The stiffeners can be placed anywhere within the plate element, and need not be placed on the nodal lines. The vibration characteristics are discussed and the results are compared with those available in the literature. Numerical results are presented for a range of cutout to plate size from 0 to 0.8.
Marangoni Convection In A Relatively Hotter Or Cooler Liquid Layer With Free Boundaries
Authors: Gupta A.K. , Shandil R.G.
Published: June 2013

In this paper, we study the onset of cellular convection in a horizontal fluid layer heated from below, with a free-slip boundary condition at the bottom when the driving mechanism is surface tension at the upper free surface, in the light of the modified analysis of Banerjee et al. (Jour. Math. & Phys. Sci., 1983, 17, 603). This leads to a formulation of the problem which depends upon whether the liquid layer is relatively hotter or cooler. It is found that the phenomenon of surface tension driven instability problems should not only depend upon the Marangoni number which is proportional to the maintained temperature differences across the layer but also upon another parameter that arises due to variation in the specific heat at constant volume on account of the variations in temperature. Numerical results are obtained for the problem wherein the lower free boundary is perfectly thermally conducting.
MHD and Thermal Radiation Effects on Exponentially Accelerated Isothermal Vertical Plate with Uniform Mass Diffusion
Authors: Muthucumaraswamy R. , Visalakshi V.
Published: June 2013

Thermal radiation effects on an unsteady free convective flow of a viscous incompressible flow of a past an exponentially accelerated infinite isothermal vertical plate with uniform mass diffusion in the presence magnetic field are considered. The fluid considered here is a gray, absorbing-emitting radiation but a non-scattering medium. The plate temperature is raised to Tw and the concentration level near the plate is also raised to Cʹw . An exact solution to the dimensionless governing equations is obtained by the Laplace transform method, when the plate is exponentially accelerated with a velocity u= u0 exp(aʹtʹ) in its own plane against gravitational field. The effects of velocity, temperature and concentration fields are studied for different physical parameters such as the magnetic field parameter, thermal radiation parameter, Schmidt number, thermal Grashof number, mass Grashof number and time. It is observed that the velocity increases with decreasing magnetic field parameter or radiation parameter. But the trend is just reversed with respect to a or t .
Feedback Loop Control Strategies of the Multi Dc Bus Link Voltages Using Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control
Authors: Bouchafaa Farid , Seghir Boucherit Mohamed , Berkouk El Madjid
Published: June 2013

Voltage source multilevel inverters have become very attractive for power industries in power electronics applications during last years. The main purposes that have led to the development of the studies about multilevel inverters are the generation of output voltage signals with low harmonic distortion; the reduction of switching frequency. A serious constraint in a multilevel inverter is the capacitor voltage-balancing problem. The unbalance of different DC voltage sources of five-level neutral point clamping (NPC) voltage source inverter (VSI) constitutes the major limitation for the use of this new power converter. In order to stabilize these DC voltages, we propose in this paper to study the cascade constituted by three phases five-level PWM rectifier, a clamping bridge and five-level NPC (VSI). In the first part, we present a topology of five-level NPC VSI, and then they propose a model of this converter and an optimal PWM strategy to control it using four bipolar carriers. Then in the second part, we study a five-level PWM rectifier, which is controlled by a multiband hysteresis strategy. In the last part of this paper, the authors study shows particularly the problem of the stability of the multi DC voltages of the inverter and its consequence on the performances of the induction motors (IM). Then, we propose a solution to the problem by employed closed loop regulation using PI regulator type fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The results obtained with this solution confirm the good performances of the proposed solution, and promise to use the inverter in high voltage and great power applications as electrical traction.
A Perfomance study of Ann and Anfis Controller for Statcom in dSpace Environment
Authors: Xavier S. Arockia Edwin , Venkatesh P. , Saravanan M.
Published: June 2013

Reactive power compensation is an important issue in the control of electric power system. Reactive power from the source increases the transmission losses and reduces the power transmission capability of the transmission lines. Moreover, reactive power should not be transmitted through the transmission line to a longer distance. Hence Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices such as static compensator (STATCOM) unified power flow controller (UPFC) and static volt-ampere compensator (SVC) are used to alleviate these problems. In this paper, a voltage source converter (VSC) based STATCOM is developed with Artificial Neural Network Controller (ANNC) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS) controllers. The conventional PI controller has more tuning difficulties while the system parameter changes, whereas a trained neural network and ANFIS controllers requires less computation time. They have the ability to generalize and can interpolate in between the training data. The ANNC and ANFIS controllers designed were tested on a 75 V, 100 VA STATCOM in real time environment via state-of-the-art of digital signal processor advanced control engineering (dSPACE) DS1104 board and it was found that ANFIS controller was producing better results than the ANNC.
Three–Parameter Feedback Control of Amorphous Ribbon Magnetization
Authors: Stupakov Oleksandr , Švec Peter
Published: June 2013

This work describes a specially developed software for controllable magnetic hysteresis measurements of amorphous and nanocrystalline ribbons. The sophisticated algorithm enables to simplify a hardware design and to suppress an influence of experimental conditions on the measurement results. The main software feature is a three-stage feedback algorithm, which accurately adjusts the magnetization conditions: magnetization amplitude, geomagnetic bias and magnetization waveform. Air flux compensation of the induction signal is also performed by the software using an effective value of the coil cross section obtained from a calibration measurement without the ribbon. Applicability of the designed setup is illustrated for a series of nanocrystalline Hitperm ribbons measured at the power-line conditions: 50 Hz frequency and sinusoidal magnetization waveform.
Design and EPGA Implementation of Digital Pulse Compression for Band–Pass Radar Signals
Authors: Golubičić Zoran , Simić Slobodan , Zejak Aleksa J.
Published: June 2013

The paper presents fully digitized approach for band-pass discrete coded radar signals. The emphasis is to use one generalized reconfigurable compressor for several different types of signals and different types of receivers. It fits for direct radio frequency receiver (RF) as well as for intermediate frequency (IF) receiver. The system implementation on field programmable gate area (FPGA) let us eliminate special chips previously needed. From the experimental results it is known that this approach appears to work well for matched and mismatched pulse compression and it outstands when timebandwidth product (TB) is of order 1000. A precision of 14 bits has been considered in the input signal and 16 bits in the filter coefficients. It gives the dynamic range of 78 dB and the quantification error less than 0.012%.