bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DOĞUM ÖNCESİ BAKIM MEMNUNİYETİNİN DOĞUM MEMNUNİYETİYLE İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: BAL Zeynep , GÖKBULUT Nilay , UÇAR Tuba
Published: June 2022

Bu araştırma, doğum öncesi bakım memnuniyetinin doğum memnuniyeti ile ilişkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı tipte tasarlanan araştırma, Mart-Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’nin doğusundaki bir ilde bulunan hastanenin doğum sonu servisinde yatan kadınlarla yürütüldü. Çalışmanın örneklemini doğum sonu dönemde olan sağlıklı 408 kadın oluşturdu. Veriler Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Doğum Öncesi Bakım Memnuniyet Ölçeği (DÖBMÖ) ve Doğum Memnuniyeti Ölçeği (DMÖ) kullanılarak toplandı. Verilerin analizinde ki-kare testi, bağımsız gruplarda t testi, Mann-Whitney U testi, Kruskal Wallis analizi ve Pearson Korelayon analizi kullanıldı. Çalışmada kadınların DÖBMÖ puan ortalamasının 70.69±8.97 olduğu, DMÖ puan ortalamasının 104.83±9.20 olduğu belirlendi. DÖBMÖ toplam ve alt boyutları (bakım sanatı, teknik kalite, ulaşılabilirlik, fiziksel çevre ve uygunluk) ile DMÖ toplam ve alt boyutları (bakım kalitesi, kişisel özellikler ve stres) arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki bulundu (sırasıyla r=0.993, r=0.990, r=0.979, r=0.943, r=0.964, r=0.371, r=0.208, r=0.232, r=0.322; p<0.001). Elde edilen bulgulara göre, doğum öncesi bakım memnuniyeti arttıkça doğumdan memnuniyetin de arttığı saptandı.
The Effect of Father's Education on Increasing Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Health Protocols in Preventing COVID-19 in Nursing Students
Authors: Sinaga Sarma Eko Natalia
Published: June 2022

Aims : This study aims to determine the effect of father's education on increasing knowledge, attitudes, the practice of health protocols in preventing COVID-19 in nursing students.
Design : This study is a quantitative study using the pre-experimental with one-group pretest-posttest design
Methods : The data was collected through questionnaire which distributed on Google Form to the 166 respondents. The intervention is to provide health education to respondents via the internet: Windows 365 (Teams) about information and ways to prevent COVID-19, as well as simulations on how to wash hands, physical distancing, and dispose of masks which are carried out in 2 sessions in 1 week.
 Results : The results showed that the number of fathers of nursing students with low education was 134 (80.7%), while the fathers of nursing students with higher education were 32 (19.3%). Meanwhile, the statistical test results obtained a p-value of 0.000 which indicates that there is a significant difference between knowledge about COVID-19, health protocol attitudes, and respondents with low father education and high father education before and after the intervention.
Conclusions : There was increase in knowledge, attitude and practice of health protocol for nursing students in avarage after they got education. COVID-19 is very important for nursing students to learn about in order to improve their knowledge, attitudes, and practice of health protocols so that COVID-19 does not happen.
The Interactions of Nutrition and Sleep Quality Focus on Melatonin Synthesis: A literature Review
Authors: Mashfufa Erma Wahyu , Sari Ranti Kurnia , Marina Navy Sealsi Adinda Prisca , Aini Nur , Setyowati Lilis , Marta Ollyvia Freeska Dwi
Published: June 2022

Aim: Nutrition plays a role as a provider of energy for the human body which is important for the formation and maintenance, especially to improve the quality of sleep seen from the production of the hormone melatonin. The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction of nutrition on sleep quality: the focus synthesis of melatonin.
Design: We performed a literature review study by reviewing 6 international journals related to the interaction of nutrition and sleep quality: focused on melatonin synthesis.
Methods: Data collection was done by searching for data-based articles or journals published through the Willey Online Library, PMC, Proquest, and Pubmed. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis and the journals were assessed using JBI.
Results: The interaction of nutrition and sleep quality is seen from the hormone melatonin, based on the results of 6 journals. The results were described that the relationship between macronutrient and micronutrient nutrition on melatonin production that affects human sleep quality.
Conclusions: Macronutrients and micronutrients are related to sleep quality in increasing the production of the hormone melatonin.
Knowledge Analysis of Pregnant Mothers About Newborn Treatment
Authors: Nurhidayati Diah , Yanuarti Tuti
Published: June 2022

Aims : Most of the newborn care experienced by the community is a lack of knowledge in newborn care, especially umbilical cord care. This study aimed to analysis of knowledge of pregnant women about newborn care at Panggang Island Health Center, North Seribu Islands in 2021. 
Design : Analytical with cross sectional.  
Methods : The data used primary data from the results of distributing questionnaires. The data collection instrument used a self-developed knowledge questionnaire. The analytical method used univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with Chi-Square test. Results: Most of the respondents have sufficient knowledge, age 20-35 years, secondary education, non-media sources of information and their husbands are not supportive. There is a relationship between age, education, parity, sources of information and husband's support and knowledge of pregnant women about newborn care. 
Conclusions : There is a relationship between age, education, parity, sources of information and husband's support and knowledge of pregnant women about newborn care. Further research can be done to increase the knowledge of pregnant mothers about newborn treatment so that newborn care can be optimized.
Diabetes Distress: Assessment And Screening Of Stress Levels Among People With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Said Asbath , Mikawati Mikawati , Rahmadania Waode , Mudatsir Ahmad
Published: June 2022

Aims: Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients are more likely to suffer from depression, with a prevalence of between 24% and 29%. In 2017, there were 184 people with diabetes in the Poasia Health Center's working area, but only 26 of them were actively participating in the prolanis program on a regular basis. The low number of patients who are actively seeking treatment is likely due in part to the fact that they have diabetes.
Methods: Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) who are registered as prolanis patients at the Poasia Kendari health center are the focus of this descriptive study. Depression levels were assessed using the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS 17).
Results: There were 26 patients with type II diabetes mellitus (also known as "type II diabetes mellitus") who participated in the researcher's study based on demographic data obtained from the Poasia Health Center that were diagnosed with mild depression, with as many as 20 of them falling into this category. (76.22%), while 23% to 24% of respondents (23.08%) were suffering from moderate to severe depression
The Effect of Using Different Teaching Methods on High-Level Skills in Science Lessons
Authors:   Ministry of National Education, Turkey, Kurt Uluhan , Sezek Fatih ,   Department of Science Education, Atatürk University, Turkey
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between students' metacognitive learning, critical thinking, scientific process skills and academic achievements after the ‘Cell and Divisions’ and ‘Force and Energy’ units have been processed according to different teaching methods. Also, in this study, it is aimed to determine the variables that predict academic achievement. In the study, five different groups were selected from 7th grade students. In these groups, lessons were taught according to the Multiple Intelligence Approach, Problem Based Learning, Peer Instruction, Combined Method and the method recommended by the Ministry of National Education (2017). The sample of the study, in which the correlational survey method, one of the quantitative research approaches, was used, consists of 185 seventh grade students studying in two secondary schools in the Yakutiye district of Erzurum. As a data collection tool in research; Metacognitive Learning Strategies Scale, Critical Thinking Tendency Scale, Scientific Process Skills Test and Academic Achievement Tests were used. As a result of the analyzes made on the data of the students in different groups and the whole study group, significant relationships between variables were determined in terms of group specific and all data. In addition, in the hierarchical regression analysis, it was determined that scientific process skills were the most predictive skills for academic achievement for each group.
Elementos para uma história da exclusão das mulheres brancas norte-americanas do campo literário a partir da obra de Joyce Johnson
Authors: Santana Ariane Ribeiro , Jesus Graziela Menezes de , Scardino Rafaela
Published: June 2022

O presente trabalho busca analisar a exclusão feminina das mulheres brancas norte-americanas do campo literário no movimento de contracultura estadunidense Geração Beat, através das obras “Come and Join the Dance” e “Minor Characters”, ambas de Joyce Johnson. A partir dos conceitos de documento/monumento e de memória, ambos de Le Goff (2013), justificamos a historicidade das obras literárias e demonstramos que o romance e o livro de memórias de Johnson são peças chave para redescobrir a história esquecida das mulheres que, em uma recusa à conformidade estadunidense dos anos 1950, escolheram se envolver com autores revolucionários à sua maneira, mas que repetiam padrões de exclusão feminina.
A ascensão ficcional da figura feminina: biografia ficcional, história nacional e história das mulheres em “The Rising of Bella Casey”, de Mary Morrissy
Authors: Batista Camila Franco
Published: June 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a ascensão ficcional de Isabella Casey (1866-1918), irmã do dramaturgo irlandês Seán O’Casey (1880-1964) no romance “The Rising of Bella Casey” (2013), da autora irlandesa Mary Morrissy. Explora-se a obra como uma biografia ficcional que almeja o preenchimento de lacunas na biografia de Isabella deixadas por Seán O’Casey em suas Autobiografias (1939-1952). O romance devolve a agência à Isabella e a eleva à posição de destaque que a personagem deseja. Para tanto, eventos históricos como o Levante de Páscoa de 1916 em Dublin e a Primeira Guerra Mundial têm sua importância diminuída em relação à história de vida de Isabella, revelando, assim, perspectivas divergentes e histórias alternativas. Analisa-se, primeiramente, a reinserção de Isabella Casey na história realizada em The Rising e, em seguida, a história alternativa proposta pelo romance, que questiona a identidade nacional irlandesa imposta pelo Estado Livre Irlandês (1922-1937).
Dos “grandes nomes” às histórias de vida: reflexões sobre a escrita biográfica nos estudos sobre a história da medicina e da saúde coletiva
Authors: Tarelow Gustavo Querodia
Published: June 2022

Ao analisar a produção de estudos sobre a história das práticas médicas e de Saúde é possível constatar que as abordagens biográficas se destacam nas interpretações sobre a formação das especialidades médicas, acerca da construção de saberes e de instituições de ensino e assistência. Neste sentido, uma vertente da historiografia buscou construir uma espécie de panteão de “grandes nomes” da história da Medicina, ao passo que, nos últimos anos, uma série de trabalhos buscaram reposicionar as abordagens biográficas a partir de novos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos. Diante disso, o artigo analisa algumas das diferentes abordagens aplicadas nas biografias produzidas por pesquisadores interessados na história da Saúde e da Medicina no Brasil, com especial atenção à produção historiográfica empreendida a partir da segunda metade do século XX. Além disso, ao final, são debatidos os usos das biografias a partir das propostas interdisciplinares da Saúde Coletiva em sua conexão com a História.
Entre barragens e Defesa Civil no Brasil: uma história de institucionalização recente da atenção sobre riscos socioambientais
Authors: Klanovicz Jó , Zarpelon Fabio Antonio Matucheski
Published: June 2022

Analisa-se a institucionalização da prevenção e defesa contra tecnodesastres no Brasil, com atenção ao deslocamento histórico da defesa civil entre os anos 1970 e 2010. A leitura está ligada à percepção do papel que o desenvolvimento exerceu na grande aceleração brasileira desde os anos 1950, considerando a tecnologia de força bruta como categoria de análise para a interpretação. A emergência de paisagens “arriscadas” também está atrelada à perspectiva de um estado controlador de recursos naturais, e que passou, ao longo do século XX, a não medir esforços para a construção de instrumentos e percepções (leis, aparelhos burocráticos) que se ampararam na ideia de governo da técnica sobre recursos. Para isso, trabalhamos com a leitura de documentos legislativos e técnicos. A partir deles, tecemos uma análise documental, tendo o cuidado de prestar atenção, também, para os discursos, à luz do cotejo com uma discussão mais ampla sobre sociedade de risco.
Assessment of Strategies for Safe Drug Discontinuation and Transition of Denosumab Treatment in PMO—Insights From a Mechanistic PK/PD Model of Bone Turnover
Authors: Martínez-Reina Javier , Calvo-Gallego José Luis , Martin Madge , Pivonka Peter
Published: June 2022

Denosumab (Dmab) treatment against postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) has proven very efficient in increasing bone mineral density (BMD) and reducing the risk of bone fractures. However, concerns have been recently raised regarding safety when drug treatment is discontinued. Mechanistic pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) models are the most sophisticated tools to develop patient specific drug treatments of PMO to restore bone mass. However, only a few PK-PD models have addressed the effect of Dmab drug holidays on changes in BMD. We showed that using a standard bone cell population model (BCPM) of bone remodelling it is not possible to account for the spike in osteoclast numbers observed after Dmab discontinuation. We show that inclusion of a variable osteoclast precursor pool in BCPMs is essential to predict the experimentally observed rapid rise in osteoclast numbers and the associated increases in bone resorption. This new model also showed that Dmab withdrawal leads to a rapid increase of damage in the bone matrix, which in turn decreases the local safety factor for fatigue failure. Our simulation results show that changes in BMD strongly depend on Dmab concentration in the central compartment. Consequently, bone weight (BW) might play an important factor in calculating effective Dmab doses. The currently clinically prescribed constant Dmab dose of 60 mg injected every 6 months is less effective in increasing BMD for patients with high BW (2.5% for 80 kg in contrast to 8% for 60 kg after 6 years of treatment). However, bone loss observed 24 months after Dmab withdrawal is less pronounced in patients with high BW (3.5% for 80kg and 8.5% for 60 kg). Finally, we studied how to safely discontinue Dmab treatment by exploring several transitional and combined drug treatment strategies. Our simulation results indicate that using transitional reduced Dmab doses are not effective in reducing rapid bone loss. However, we identify that use of a bisphosphonate (BP) is highly effective in avoiding rapid bone loss and increase in bone tissue damage compared to abrupt withdrawal of Dmab. Furthermore, the final values of BMD and damage were not sensitive to the time of administration of the BP.
PGC-1α-Mediated Mitochondrial Quality Control: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Heart Failure
Authors: Chen Lei , Qin Yuan , Liu Bilin , Gao Meng , Li Anqi , Li Xue , Gong Guohua
Published: June 2022

Mitochondria with structural and functional integrity are essential for maintaining mitochondrial function and cardiac homeostasis. It is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α), acted as a transcriptional cofactor, is abundant in the heart, which modulates mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy to sustain a steady-state of mitochondria. Cumulative evidence suggests that dysregulation of PGC-1α is closely related to the onset and progression of heart failure. PGC-1α deficient-mice can lead to worse cardiac function under pressure overload compared to sham. Here, this review mainly focuses on what is known about its regulation in mitochondrial functions, as well as its crucial role in heart failure.
Evaluation of the EdgeSeq Precision Immuno-Oncology Panel for Gene Expression Profiling From Clinical Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tumor Specimens
Authors: Shi Yang , Ma Xiaopeng , Shen Wei , Liu Tengfei , Liang Liang , Liu Silu , Shen Zhirong , Zhang Yun , Zhang Pei
Published: June 2022

Characterizing the tumor microenvironment (TME) of archived clinical tissues requires reliable gene expression profiling (GEP) of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. The EdgeSeq Precision Immuno-oncology Panel (PIP) is a targeted GEP assay designed for TME characterization but lacks widespread technical validation on a large cohort of clinical samples. Here, we evaluated its performance by exploring its concordance with multiple orthogonal platforms using 1,220 FFPE samples across various cancer types. Quantitative comparisons with RNA-seq and NanoString showed strong correlations at the sample level (median ρ = 0.73 and 0.81) and moderate correlations at the single-gene level (median ρ = 0.49 and 0.57). Gene signature analysis revealed high concordance with RNA-seq on widely used signatures for TME characterization and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy prediction, though some genes in these signatures are not targeted by EdgeSeq PIP. From a histopathological viewpoint, the tumor/immune abundances derived from hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining were well recapitulated by the transcriptomic profiles assessed by EdgeSeq PIP. Furthermore, the mRNA level of PD-L1 assessed by EdgeSeq PIP was moderately correlated with the PD-L1 score (ρ = 0.65) estimated by immunohistochemistry (IHC); the mRNA level of CD8A aligned well (ρ = 0.55) with the IHC-derived abundance of CD8+ T cells. Overall, our results showed that EdgeSeq PIP generated well-correlated data with independent approaches at mRNA, protein, and histological levels, thus providing strong technical support for further using EdgeSeq PIP in biomarker studies and companion diagnostic (CDx) development.
Mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Detected in Cats and Their Effect on Its Structure and Function
Authors: Hamdy Mervat E. , El-Deeb Ayman H. , Hagag Naglaa M. , Shahein Momtaz A. , Alaidi Osama , Hussein Hussein A.
Published: June 2022

The high frequency of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) mutations and homology of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) cell receptors in various hosts help the virus transcend species barriers. In this study, we investigated the mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein detected in cats and their effect on its structure and function. Interestingly, some of these mutations are reported here in cats for the first time. Structural analysis showed seven residue substitutions in the spike glycoprotein. Four of the detected mutations are located on the spike surface, which are critical interaction points for neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, three of the reported mutations could facilitate viral binding to the ACE2 host receptor, influence S1/S2 cleavage, destabilize the β-hairpin structure of the S2 and enhance viral infectivity. Structural modeling and phylogenic analysis of the ACE2 receptor provided an indication of the binding capacity of the virus to the specific cell receptors of different species and hosts. The presented work highlights the effects of the residue substitutions on viral evasion, infectivity and possibility of SARS-CoV-2 spillover between humans and cats. In addition, the work paves the way for in-depth molecular investigation into the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding and host susceptibility.
Abnormal Right Ventricular Myocardial Performance Index Is Not Associated With Outcomes in Invasively Ventilated Intensive Care Unit Patients Without Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome—Post hoc Analysis of Two RCTs
Authors: Pierrakos Charalampos , Geke Algera Anna , Simonis Fabienne , Cherpanath Thomas G. V. , Lagrand Wim K. , Paulus Frederique , Bos Lieuwe D. J. , Schultz Marcus J. ,   the PReVENT– and RELAx–Investigators
Published: June 2022

Background

The objective of the study was to determine the association between right ventricular (RV) myocardial performance index (MPI) and successful liberation from the ventilator and death within 28 days.

Methods

Post hoc analysis of 2 ventilation studies in invasively ventilated patients not having ARDS. RV-MPI was collected through transthoracic echocardiography within 24–48 h from the start of invasive ventilation according to the study protocols. RV-MPI ≤ 0.54 was considered normal. The primary endpoint was successful liberation from the ventilator < 28 days; the secondary endpoint was 28-day mortality.

Results

A total of 81 patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography at median 30 (24–42) h after the start of ventilation—in 73 (90%) patients, the RV-MPI could be collected. A total of 56 (77%) patients were successfully liberated from the ventilator < 28 days; A total of 22 (30%) patients had died before or at day 28. A total of 18 (25%) patients had an abnormal RV-MPI. RV-MPI was neither associated with successful liberation from the ventilator within 28 days [HR, 2.2 (95% CI 0.47–10.6); p = 0.31] nor with 28-day mortality [HR, 1.56 (95% CI 0.07–34.27); p = 0.7].

Conclusion

In invasively ventilated critically ill patients without ARDS, an abnormal RV-MPI indicative of RV dysfunction was not associated with time to liberation from invasive ventilation.
Simultaneous Endovascular Repair Is Not Associated With Increased Risk for Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Pathologies: Early and Midterm Outcomes
Authors: Zhang Weichang , Zhang Lei , Li Xin , Li Ming , Qiu Jian , Wang Mo , Shu Chang
Published: June 2022

Coexisting multilevel aortic pathologies were caused by atherosclerosis and hypertension and presented in a small subgroup of patients. Endovascular repair is a safe and effective treatment for a variety of aortic pathologies. However, fewer small series and cases were reported using simultaneous thoracic endovascular repair (TEVAR) and endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for both aortic segments. To determine the outcomes of simultaneous and separately TEVAR and EVAR treating for multilevel aortic pathologies. Between 2010 and 2020, 31 patients and 22 patients were treated by one-staged and two-staged repair, respectively at a single center. All patients had the concomitant thoracic and abdominal aortic disease (aortic dissection, aneurysms, and penetrating aortic ulcers). Compared with the patients with two-staged aortic repair, the one-staged repair patients were older (mean age, 68 vs. 57 years; P < 0.001) and had a larger preoperative maximal aortic diameter (67.03 ± 10.65 vs. 57.45 ± 10.36 mm; p = 0.002). The intraoperative and postoperative outcomes show that the procedure times and length of hospital stay (LOS) were longer in the two-staged group. There is no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups. In the follow up, the freedom from re–intervention and the mean survival rate for the one-staged group were 100 vs. 100%, 92.4 vs. 95%, and 88 vs. 88% at one, two, and 5 years, respectively, whereas the mean survival rate for the two-staged group was 86.4 vs. 90.5%, 87 vs. 90.5%, and 76 vs. 84% at one, two, and 5 years, respectively, all with no statistical difference. Combined TEVAR and EVAR can be performed successfully with minimal morbidity and mortality. The one-staged repair was not associated with the increased risk for multilevel aortic pathologies treatment.
Mitral Valve-in-Valve Implant of a Balloon-Expandable Valve Guided by 3-Dimensional Printing
Authors: Mao Yu , Liu Yang , Ma Yanyan , Jin Ping , Li Lanlan , Yang Jian
Published: June 2022

Background

Our goal was to explore the role of 3-dimensional (3D) printing in facilitating the outcome of a mitral valve-in-valve (V-in-V) implant of a balloon-expandable valve.

Methods

From November 2020 to April 2021, 6 patients with degenerated mitral valves were treated by a transcatheter mitral V-in-V implant of a balloon-expandable valve. 3D printed mitral valve pre- and post-procedure models were prepared to facilitate the process by making individualized plans and evaluating the outcomes.

Results

Each of the 6 patients was successfully implanted with a balloon-expandable valve. From post-procedural images and the 3D printed models, we could clearly observe the valve at the ideal position, with the proper shape and no regurgitation. 3D printed mitral valve models contributed to precise decisions, the avoidance of complications, and the valuation of outcomes.

Conclusions

3D printing plays an important role in guiding the transcatheter mitral V-in-V implant of a balloon-expandable valve.

Clinical Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration System (NCT02917980).
Evidence for a Prehypertensive Water Dysregulation Affecting the Development of Hypertension: Results of Very Early Treatment of Vasopressin V1 and V2 Antagonism in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Verzicco Ignazio , Tedeschi Stefano , Graiani Gallia , Bongrani Alice , Carnevali Maria Luisa , Dancelli Simona , Zappa Jessica , Mattei Silvia , Bovino Achiropita , Cavazzini Stefania , Rocco Rossana , Calvi Anna , Palladini Barbara , Volpi Riccardo , Cannone Valentina , Coghi Pietro , Borghetti Alberico , Cabassi Aderville
Published: June 2022

In addition to long-term regulation of blood pressure (BP), in the kidney resides the initial trigger for hypertension development due to an altered capacity to excrete sodium and water. Betaine is one of the major organic osmolytes, and its betaine/gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter (BGT-1) expression in the renal medulla relates to interstitial tonicity and urinary osmolality and volume. This study investigated altered water and sodium balance as well as changes in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) activity in female spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats from their 3–5 weeks of age (prehypertensive phase) to SHR’s 28–30 weeks of age (established hypertension-organ damage). Young prehypertensive SHRs showed a reduced daily urine output, an elevated urine osmolarity, and higher immunostaining of tubule BGT-1, alpha-1-Na-K ATPase in the outer medulla vs. age-matched WKY. ADH circulating levels were not different between young prehypertensive SHR and WKY, but the urine aquaporin2 (AQP2)/creatinine ratio and labeling of AQP2 in the collecting duct were increased. At 28–30 weeks, hypertensive SHR with moderate renal failure did not show any difference in urinary osmolarity, urine AQP2/creatinine ratio, tubule BGT-1, and alpha-1-Na-K ATPase as compared with WKY. These results suggest an increased sensitivity to ADH in prehypertensive female SHR. On this basis, a second series of experiments were set to study the role of ADH V1 and V2 receptors in the development of hypertension, and a group of female prehypertensive SHRs were treated from the 25th to 49th day of age with either V1 (OPC21268) or V2 (OPC 41061) receptor antagonists to evaluate the BP time course. OPC 41061-treated SHRs had a delayed development of hypertension for 5 weeks without effect in OPC 21268-treated SHRs. In prehypertensive female SHR, an increased renal ADH sensitivity is crucial for the development of hypertension by favoring a positive water balance. Early treatment with selective V2 antagonism delays future hypertension development in young SHRs.
Type and Severity of Migraine Determines Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Women
Authors: Rhee Tae-Min , Choi Eue-Keun , Han Kyung-Do , Ahn Hyo-Jeong , Lee So-Ryoung , Oh Seil , Lip Gregory Y. H.
Published: June 2022

Objective

To evaluate sex differences in the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) according to the type and severity of migraine.

Methods

We analyzed the nationwide health screening recipients in 2009 without previous AF diagnosis from the Korean National Health Insurance Service data. The diagnosis, type, and severity of migraine were determined using claims data. Newly developed AF was identified during a 10-year follow-up. Sex-difference in the effect of migraine on AF was evaluated.

Results

A total of 4,020,488 subjects were enrolled from January 1, to December 31, 2009 and followed-up through December 31, 2018; 4,986 subjects had migraine with aura (age 50.6 ± 14.0 years, men 29.3%); and 105,029 had migraine without aura (age 51.6 ± 14.3 years, men 30.9%). Risk of AF in a mild degree of migraine was similar to that in the control group, regardless of sex or the presence of aura. Severe migraine without aura modestly but significantly increased the risk of AF in both men and women compared to controls, with increase in AF risk being most prominent in women who had severe migraine with aura [incidence rate (IR) = 3.39, hazard ratio (HR)adjust = 1.48, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.18–1.85]. No significant association according to aura was observed in men with severe migraines (p for interaction 0.011).

Conclusion

Severe migraine with aura significantly increased the risk of incident AF in women, but not in men. Surveillance for incident AF and prompt lifestyle modification may be beneficial, particularly for young women suffering from severe migraine with aura.
Ebullition Regulated by Pressure Variations in a Boreal Pit Lake
Authors: Zhao Kai , Tedford Edmund W. , Lawrence Gregory A.
Published: June 2022

Methane ebullition from lakes is an important contributor to atmospheric greenhouse gases. However, ebullition is typically sampled at intervals greater than the duration of ebullition events, limiting our understanding of the factors controlling this flux. Here, we present high-frequency ebullition data from a single site in a boreal pit lake during the open-water season between June 24 and 21 October 2018. We record ebullition every 30 min for the first 2 months, and then every minute for the next 2 months. During the 4-month period, 24 ebullition events were recorded. These events generally lasted 2–4 days in response to low atmospheric pressure systems. The peaks in ebullition corresponded to troughs in atmospheric pressure. We provide empirical equations that incorporate a pressure threshold to model the time-series of ebullition events. Minor and gradual variations in mud temperature had no apparent effect on the observed ebullition events.
Characteristics of Lithofacies in Deep Shale Gas Reservoirs in the Southeast Sichuan Basin and Their Influence on Pore Structure
Authors: He Jiang , Zhu Songyue , Shi Xuewen , Zhao Shengxian , Cao Lieyan , Pan Shulin , Wu Feng , Wang Meng
Published: June 2022

The characteristics of lithofacies in the shale reservoir of the Wufeng and Longmaxi formations located in the Luzhou gas field were studied using the three-end-member method (mineralogical components). In addition, the microscopic characteristics and pore genesis of different lithofacies were studied and compared using TOC, FESEM, and digital core images. The results of the present study showed the development of five lithofacies: 1) quartz-rich argillaceous shale; 2) quartz/clay-mixed shale; 3) calcareous/clay-mixed shale; 4) calcium-rich argillaceous shale; and 5) clay-rich siliceous shale. The degree of pore development between lithofacies was highly heterogeneous. In addition, data indicated that total shale porosity increased with the increase in TOC. Thus, the pores were mainly related to organic matter. The enrichment of framboidal pyrite in quartz-rich shale (S1, S-3) and mixed shale facies (M-2, M-3) is essential during the formation of high-quality reservoirs. On the other hand, the content of organic matter in clayey shale was low, which does not favor the development of high-quality reservoirs. The differences in lithofacies pore structures are controlled by the sedimentary environment. The strong retention and reduction environment are the most favorable features for the formation of organic-rich siliceous shale lithofacies, which promote the preservation of organic matter and the development of reservoirs.
Dynamic Response of Cement–Fly Ash Mixed Pile Composite Foundation Under Wave Load
Authors: Zhang Haojin , Zhou Shengquan , Wang Rui , Li Dongwei
Published: June 2022

CFMPs (cement and fly ash mixing piles) are used to reinforce fly ash foundation to solve the problem of a large amount of fly ash accumulation in coastal areas. CFMP-fly ash composite foundation is used as the foundation of coastal and coastal engineering. Through the indoor model test, the bearing characteristics and load transfer mechanism of CFMP-fly ash composite foundation under wave load were investigated. The results show that with the increase of wave load, the horizontal resistance of the fly ash stratum increases gradually, the soil resistance moves down, and the level of resistance shows nonlinear characteristics. The pile bending moment, pile displacement, and horizontal resistance of the CFMP composite foundation are concentrated in the upper pile and fly ash stratum, which can improve the ability of the composite foundation to resist horizontal load by improving the physical and mechanical properties of the upper fly ash stratum. Through the calculation of the load–displacement curve, it is found that the measured displacement value is closer to that obtained using the p–y curve method (a method for solving nonlinear lateral resistance of piles). The hysteretic curve area of cyclic loading decreases with the increase of cyclic number. The accumulation of elastoplastic deformation of pile shows that the properties of fly ash gradually change to elastic stage, cyclic loading can reduce the horizontal deformation modulus of composite foundation CFMP caused pile—fly ash system of weakening, in peak load reaches level under the critical state displacement curve showed a trend of the rapid growth of nonlinear, cyclic cumulative failure occurs, and the cyclic load limit state is reached, which affects the service performance of the whole structure.
(U-Th)/He Geochronology Constraints on Lateritic Duricrust Formation on the Guiana Shield
Authors: Ansart C. , Quantin C. , Calmels D. , Allard T. , Roig J. Y. , Coueffe R. , Heller B. , Pinna-Jamme R. , Nouet J. , Reguer S. , Vantelon D. , Gautheron C.
Published: June 2022

Thick regoliths developed under tropical climate, namely, laterites, resulting from long-term and pronounced geochemical and mineralogical rearrangement of the parent rock in response to environmental changes. Little information is available on the timing of laterite and bauxite formations, especially on the chronology of the main weathering episodes responsible for lateritic cover formation on the Guiana shield. For this purpose, we focused on both lateritic and bauxitic duricrusts developed over the Paleoproterozoic Greenstone Belt in the Brownsberg, Suriname. The duricrust samples have a relatively simple mineralogy (i.e., goethite, gibbsite, hematite, and kaolinite) but reveal, when observed at a microscopic scale, a complex history of formation with multiple episodes of dissolution/reprecipitation. The (U-Th)/He dating of 179 Fe-oxides subsamples shows that duricrusts sampled at the top of the Brownsberg plateau have ages ranging from <0.8 Ma to ∼19 Ma. In contrast, Fe-oxides extracted from detrital duricrust boulders collected downslope indicate formation ages up to 36 Ma. This age discrepancy may indicate that a main episode of physical erosion affected this region between ca. 30 and 20 Ma. Consistently, the bauxite sampled at the mountaintop indicates a younger phase of formation, with Fe-oxides recementing fragments of a preexisting bauxitic material older than ∼15 Ma. Geochronological data also reveal a long-lasting weathering history until the present day, with multiple generations of Fe-oxides in the bauxite and the duricrusts resulting from successive cycles of dissolution and reprecipitation of Fe-oxides associated with redox cycles. This long-lasting weathering history led to geochemical remobilization and apparent enrichment in some relatively immobile elements, such as REE, aluminum, and vanadium, especially in the duricrust sampled at the mountaintop. Our geochronological, mineralogical, and geochemical study of Fe- and Al-crusts from the Brownsberg mountain provide constraints on the evolution of environmental conditions prevailing since the early Oligocene in Suriname.
Pathological Investigations of Intracranial Atherosclerosis Using Multiple Hypercholesterolemic Rabbit Models
Authors: Tang Xiangming , Niimi Manabu , Zhou Huanjin , Chen Lu , Chen Yajie , Yan Haizhao , Shiomi Masashi , Fan Jianglin
Published: June 2022

Background

Intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) is one of the most common causes of ischemic stroke, but there are few animal models that can recapitulate its pathological features. In this study, we examined ICAS pathological features and anatomic distributions using three types of hyperlipidemic rabbit models. We also investigated the effect of different lipoprotein profiles and hypertension on ICAS.

Materials and Methods

We examined Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits, apoE knockout (KO) rabbits and wild-type rabbits (WT) fed a cholesterol diet, in addition to WT rabbits fed a standard diet as a control. The whole brain was dissected and embedded in paraffin. Serial sections were stained with either hematoxylin/eosin or elastica van Gieson, or immunohistochemically stained with monoclonal antibodies against macrophages and smooth muscle cells. We investigated (1) the presence of cerebral atherosclerosis; (2) the lesion locations in the cerebral arteries; (3) the degree of lumen stenosis; (4) pathological features and cellular components of the lesions in these rabbits; and (5) whether hypertension affects ICAS.

Results

ICAS was detected in apoE and WHHL rabbits, but not in WT rabbits. Compared with apoE KO rabbits, WHHL rabbits had greater ICAS. The lesions of cerebral atherosclerosis were mainly distributed at the bifurcations of the posterior cerebral artery, basilar artery and vertebral artery, and they were basically characterized by smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix with few macrophages. The extent of the ICAS in WHHL rabbits was significantly increased by hypertension.

Conclusions

ICAS was detected in WHHL and apoE KO rabbits, and occurred in specific locations in the cerebral arteries. Hypertension promotes the development of ICAS in the setting of hypercholesterolemia.
Sarcopenic Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zembura Marcela , Matusik Paweł
Published: June 2022

Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is defined as co-occurrence of increased fat mass and sarcopenia and may predict adverse health outcomes in the pediatric population. However, the prevalence of SO and its association with adverse health outcomes have not been well defined in children and adolescents. We systematically reviewed data on the SO definition, prevalence, and adverse outcomes in the pediatric population. A total of 18 articles retrieved from PubMed or Web of Science databases were included. Overall, there was a wide heterogeneity in the methods and thresholds used to define SO. The prevalence of SO ranged from 5.66% to 69.7% in girls, with a range between 7.2% and 81.3% in boys. Of the 8 studies that evaluated outcomes related to SO, all showed a significant association of SO with cardiometabolic outcomes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) severity, inflammation, and mental health. In conclusion, this review found that SO is highly prevalent in children and adolescents and is associated with various adverse health outcomes. Findings of this review highlight the need for the development of a consensus regarding definition, standardized evaluation methods, and age and gender thresholds for SO for different ethnicities in the pediatric population. Further studies are needed to understand the relationship between obesity and sarcopenia and SO impact on adverse health outcomes in children and adolescents.
An Advanced Accurate Intrusion Detection System for Smart Grid Cybersecurity Based on Evolving Machine Learning
Authors: Yu Tong , Da Kai , Wang Zhiwen , Ling Ying , Li Xin , Bin Dongmei , Yang Chunyan
Published: June 2022

Smart grids, the next generation of electricity systems, would be intelligent and self-aware of physical and cyber activity in the control area. As a cyber-embedded infrastructure, it must be capable of detecting cyberattacks and responding appropriately in a timely and effective manner. This article tries to introduce an advanced and unique intrusion detection model capable of classifying binary-class, trinary-class, and multiple-class CDs and electrical network incidents for smart grids. It makes use of the gray wolf algorithm (GWA) for evolving training of artificial neural networks (ANNs) as a successful machine learning model for intrusion detection. In this way, the intrusion detection model’s weight vectors are initialized and adjusted using the GWA in order to reach the smallest mean square error possible. With the suggested evolving machine learning model, the issues of cyberattacks, failure forecast, and failure diagnosing would be addressed in the smart grid energy sector properly. Using a real dataset from the Mississippi State Laboratory in the United States, the proposed model is illustrated and the experimental results are explained. The proposed model is compared to some of the most widely used classifiers in the area. The results show that the suggested intrusion detection model outperforms other well-known models in this field.
Determining the Production and Transport Cost for H2 on a Global Scale
Authors: Collis Jason , Schomäcker Reinhard
Published: June 2022

Hydrogen (H2) produced using renewable energy could be used to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in industrial sectors such as steel, chemicals, transportation, and energy storage. Knowing the delivered cost of renewable H2is essential to decision-makers looking to utilize it. The cheapest location to source it from, as well as the transport method and medium, are also crucial information. This study presents a Monte Carlo simulation to determine the delivered cost for renewable H2for any usage location globally, as well as the most cost-effective production location and transport route from nearly 6,000 global locations. Several industrially dense locations are selected for case studies, the primary two being Cologne, Germany and Houston, United States. The minimum delivered H2cost to Cologne is 9.4 €/kg for small scale (no pipelines considered), shipped from northern Egypt as a liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC), and 7.6 €/kg piped directly as H2gas from southern France for large scale (pipelines considered). For small-scale H2in Houston, the minimum delivered cost is 8.6 €/kg trucked as H2gas from the western Gulf of Mexico, and 7.6 €/kg for large-scale demand piped as H2gas from southern California. The south-west United States and Mexico, northern Chile, the Middle East and north Africa, south-west Africa, and north-west Australia are identified as the regions with the lowest renewable H2cost potential, with production costs ranging from 6.7—7.8 €/kg in these regions. Each is able to supply differing industrially dominant areas. Furthermore, the effect of parameters such as year of construction, electrolyser, and H2demand is analysed. For the case studies in Houston and Cologne, the delivered H2cost is expected to reduce to about 7.8 €/kg by 2050 in Cologne (no pipelines considered, PEM electrolyser) and 6.8 €/kg in Houston.
Pesticides are Substantially Transported in Particulate Phase, Driven by Land use, Rainfall Event and Pesticide Characteristics—A Runoff and Erosion Study in a Small Agricultural Catchment
Authors: Commelin Meindert C. , Baartman Jantiene E. M. , Zomer Paul , Riksen Michel , Geissen Violette
Published: June 2022

Agriculture on sloping lands is prone to processes of overland flow and associated soil detachment, transportation, and deposition. The transport of pesticides to off-target areas related to runoff processes and soil erosion poses a threat of pollution to the downstream environment. This study aimed to quantify transport of pesticides both dissolved in water and in the particulate phase in transported sediments. Particulate phase transport of pesticides on short temporal time scales from agricultural fields is scarcely studied. During two growing seasons (2019 and 2020) rainfall—runoff events were monitored in a catchment of 38.5 ha. We selected 30 different pesticides and one metabolite based on interviews with the farmers on the application pattern. Concentrations for these 31 residues were analyzed in runoff water (dissolved phase–DP) and sediment (particulate phase–PP) and in soil samples taken in the agricultural fields. In all runoff events active substances (AS) were detected. There was a clear difference between DP and PP with 0–5 and 8–18 different AS detected in the events, respectively. Concentrations in PP were higher than in DP, with factors ranging from 12 to 3,700 times. DP transport mainly occurs in the first days after application (69% within 10 days), and PP transport occurs over the long term with 90% of transported mass within 100 days after application. Potato cultivation was the main source of runoff, erosion, and pesticide transport. Cereals and apples with grassed inter-rows both have a very low risk of pesticide transport during overland flow. We conclude that for arable farming on sloping lands overland transport of pesticide in the particulate phase is a substantial transport pathway, which can contribute to pollution over longer time periods compared to transport in water. This process needs to be considered in future assessments for pesticide fate and environmental risk.