bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Information Flood in Learning Disabilities: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Journal Literature
Authors: Summers Edward G.
Published: December 2008

This article reports the results of an unobtrusive bibliometric analysis 2,270 journal articles on learning disabilities that appeared in 248 journals published between 1968 and 1983. The study sought to determine (1) the quantity of articles being published, (2) the most frequently cited core journals that publish the largest percentage of articles} (3) the relative scatter of information acmss journal sources, (4) the increase in information and the temporal distrihtion ofthe journal articles} and (5) the most fequent general themes that appear in the journal literature. The findings of the research provide general insight into the structure of the pmary literature in the fieki of learning disabilities; this literature serves as an important formal information source for researchers and practitioners.
The Massachusetts Supported Work Program
Authors: Shestakofsky Stephen
Published: December 2008

In late 1981, the State of Massachusetts implemented an innovative supported work program to assist mentally retarded persons seeking to transition to competitive employment from school, sheltered work, or unemployment. This article discusses the first four years of this unique state-funded initiative. It reviews the partnerships between state referral and funding agencies, and educational and rehabilitation service providers and employers, that have made the program a success. The paper also discusses the details of the supported work training model as used in Massachusetts and concludes that this methodology is generally replicable.
Cooperative Teaching
Authors: Bauwens Jeanne , Hourcade Jack J. , Friend Marilyn
Published: December 2008

A variety of social and educational forces are resulting in significant changes in the traditionally dichotomous relationship between general and special education. One service delivery model that may be especially useful for reducing the gap between the two delivery systems is cooperative teaching, in which general and special educators work in a systematic and coordinated fashion in educationally integrated settings. This article describes cooperative teaching and outlines various arrangements through which it might be implemented.
Instructional Strategies in Mainstream Classrooms
Authors: Bender William N. , Ukeje Ikechukwu C.
Published: December 2008

Fifty mainstream teachers provided information concerning their experience and educational background, their attitudes toward teaching effectiveness, and their mainstream classes, in order to demonstrate relationships between these variables and teachers' selections of instructional strategies in mainstream classes. The Bender Classroom Structure Questionnaire (BCSQ) was used as the dependent measure. Consistent relationships were demonstrated between teachers' attitudes toward personal teaching effectiveness and the instructional strategies they selected. Both teacher attitude toward personal teaching efficacy and class size predicted variance in the teachers' selection of educational strategies for their mainstream classes, yielding an R2 of .42. An exploratory analysis was conducted that included a factor analysis of the BCSQ and regression procedures designed to predict variance in each factor. Implications of these results are discussed in terms of continued research on instructional strategies in the mainstream.
The Resource/Consulting Teacher: An Integrated Model of Service Delivery
Authors: Idol Lorna
Published: December 2008

The resource/consulting teacher (R/CT) model is described as an integrative model, combining direct, resource services and indirect, consultative services. The R/CT provides direct, data-based instruction in resource settings, with a planned intent to return students to general classrooms. The R/CT also provides consultative services (indirect) to classroom teachers by (a) cooperatively and systematically transferring students back to general school programs, (b) offering problem-solving support to classroom teachers who teach students with academic and social behavior problems, and (c) assisting parents with home reinforcement and tutorial programs. This paper reviews the research bases for each of the various components that contribute to the R/CT model, including use of curriculum-based assessment, direct and data-based instruction, criterion-referenced mastery learning, stages of learning development, and applied behavior analysis. Relevant research on school consultation is summarized, and brief descriptions of current efforts to conduct field evaluations are included.
Features of Program Evaluation in Special Education
Authors: George Michael P. , George Nancy L. , Grosenick Judith K.
Published: December 2008

Program evaluation provides a powerful tool for meeting the formative and summative evaluation needs of school programs. Although a number of program evaluation approaches for special education programs have been cited in the literature, there is little evidence to show how far school districts have gone beyond compliance monitoring in their efforts to evaluate special education programs. This article presents the results of a national survey of 145 districts on the topic of program evaluation in special education to ascertain whether or not districts have taken a proactive, systematic approach to evaluating their special education programs. A number of features associated with program evaluation were explored, specifically, (a) preplanning, (b) who evaluates special education programs, (c) the focus of evaluation activities, (d) methods for obtaining evaluative information, (e) criteria for judging program effectiveness, and (f) the perceived benefits of the evaluation process.
Strategies for Successful Early Intervention Coordinating Councils
Authors: Karp Joan M.
Published: December 2008

States have reported mixed results in their efforts to implement early intervention interagency coordinting councils as mandated by Public Law 99-457. The purposes of this paper are to (1) discuss why interagency coordination is important for the development of services for young children with handicaps and their families, (2) present a summary of the difficulties that early intervention interagency coordinating councils have been facing, and (3) suggest strategies that interagency coordinating councils can use to improve their functioning. Strategies are discussed that involve the council's membership, role definition, commitment to common goals, vision of the Early Intervention system, achievement of goals, and use of political strategies.
Free and Appropriate Education for All Students
Authors: Audette Bob , Algozzine Bob
Published: December 2008

American education is in a period of intensive reflection and reform. The process of change is following a traditional pattern: An alarm has sounded, remedies and solutions have been proposed, and efforts are underway to put ideas for change into practice. The alarm has also sounded for special education. There are widespread perceptions that past research and practices in determining eligibility for special education have wasted resources and limited the possibilities for responding to the learning needs of students with disabilities. Criticism has triggered calls for remedies and solutions followed by reform initiatives. While there are parallel initiatives to improve general and special education, a unified effort is essential for progress. Among the various education reform movements, there is one approach that offers an opportunity for fully involving general and special educators in the improvement of American public education. The principles of Dr. W.Edwards Deming and the concept of total quality education (TQE) deserve the careful attention of persons who are concerned with the provision of appropriate education for all children. A review of educational reforms that are critical of contemporary special education practices is the focus of the initial portion of this article. This review is followed by a consideration of the principles embodied in the TQE movement. Specific examples are cited to support a discussion of the need for special education to be fully involved in the general education reform movement.
State Funding Models for Special Education
Authors: Hartman William T.
Published: December 2008

The purpose of this paper is to provide special educators and education policymakers with a conceptual and technical framework for examining alternative approaches for funding special education. Four fundamental policy issues are posed that are central to funding special education; the resolution of these questions will guide the selection of an appropriate funding approach for special education within a state. To assist in evaluating special education funding systems a full range of criteria are proposed. Finally, alternative funding approaches for special education are identified and analyzed for their fiscal and programmatic effects using both the policy questions and criteria as standards.
Dynamic Assessment as a Compensatory Assessment Approach
Authors: Jitendra Asha K. , Kameenui Edward J.
Published: December 2008

Disenchantment with traditional assessment procedures has prompted an examination of alternative assessment procedures that accurately and adequately measure student learning (Cross, 1990). In view of this significant concern over better assessment approaches, the present article examines the effectiveness of dynamic assessment. First, we present the limitations of traditional assessment techniques and develop an argument for the importance of dynamic assessment. Second, we review five models of dynamic assessment and identify their critical features. Finally, we discuss the limitations of this procedure and propose guidelines that might assist in the more widespread use of dynamic assessment by practitioners.
Teaching As a Way of Knowing
Authors: Wansart William L.
Published: December 2008

This article is about action-oriented teacher research, wherein teachers advocate for student's abilities and accomplishments. teacher researchers use the stories students reveal about the competent aspects of their lives as learners to immediately change their teaching. the article describes (a) underlying assumptions about teaching and knowing, (b) the focus of the teacher research perspective, (c) methodological considerations, and (d) applications to the study of special education. adopting a teacher research stance in special education has the potential to provide an alternative view of students in special education programs and to transform both teaching and assessment practices.
Voice, Collaboration, and Inclusion
Authors: SKRTIC THOMAS M. , SAILOR WAYNE , GEE KATHLEEN
Published: December 2008

Although the rise of constructivism calls conventional remedial and special education practices into question, it also represents a positive opportunity for progress and renewal in the professions and in society. emphasizing the constructivist principles of voice, collaboration, and inclusion, the authors identify the influence of constructivism across three interrelated levels of reform: structural reforms in school organization, pedagogical reforms in classrooms, and institutional reforms in human service systems generally relative to the “school-linked services integration” movement. by doing so, the authors argue that, far more than a new special education service delivery model, inclusion is the emerging cultural logic of the 21st century. they conclude the article with a political-economic argument for inclusive education and a discussion of the implications of constructivist reform efforts for the broader possibility of democratic renewal in society.
Planning for Effective Co-Teaching The Key to Successful Inclusion
Authors: Walther-Thomas Chriss , Bryant Mimi , Land Sue
Published: December 2008

Today many special education services are provided in general education classrooms. various support models are designed to make classrooms more inclusive and more appropriate learning environments for students with disabilities and others who are at risk for school failure. supporters contend that better collaboration and service coordination in mainstream settings will enable many students with disabilities to achieve greater academic and social success. one support model used in many inclusive classrooms is cooperative teaching or “co-teaching.” this article explores fundamental planning issues that need to be addressed by school systems to facilitate effective co-teaching models.
Inclusion
Authors: WIGLE STANLEY E. , WILCOX DARYL J.
Published: December 2008

There has been a great deal of controversy surrounding the inclusion of students with disabilities in general education classrooms. when students with disabilities are included in general education classrooms, such placements must be congruent with the concept of least restrictive environment (lre). five criteria are identified in this article as elements important to the establishment of an lre within inclusive general education classrooms. these criteria have implications for the preparation of preservice teachers. these implications are the foci for suggested teacher preparation program elements related to the efficacy of preservice classroom teachers.
Teacher-Selected Strategies for Improving Homework Completion
Authors: Bryan Tanis , Burstein Karen Sullivan
Published: December 2008

Three studies are reported in which we worked collaboratively with teachers across a 2-year period to systematically assess strategies to improve spelling and math homework completion and weekly quiz performance. Eleven elementary and special education teachers sorted 123 students into four groups: (a) students with learning disabilities and homework problems, (b) students with learning disabilities and no homework problems, (c) average-achieving students with homework problems, and (d) average-achieving students without homework problems. Teachers reviewed the extant research on homework, selected homework strategies, designed the methods by which they would implement and evaluate the effects of introducing the strategies to students, and evaluated the results. Three strategies resulted in significant increases in homework completion: (a) giving students real-life assignments (i.e., assignments that connected homework to events or activities in the home) plus reinforcements, (b) using homework planners, and (c) graphing homework completion. The interventions benefited students with learning disabilities and avaerage-achieving students with homework problems more than it did the average-achieving students with no homework problems. Two years following the end of the study, the team continues to use homework planners and graphing on a regular basis, and continues to work as a team on other projects.
Creating Classroom Environments That Address the Linguistic and Cultural Backgrounds of Students with Disabilities
Authors: Sileo Thomas W. , Prater Mary Anne
Published: December 2008

Significant changes in the public school population throughout the United States are influenced by the increasing numbers of immigrants who enter the country annually. It is estimated that in the next 50 years the U.S. population will become exceedingly more ethnically diverse than it is at present. Immigrants from Asian and Pacific Rim countries are emigrating to the United States more rapidly than any other group. We discuss the impact of increased numbers of Asian and Pacific Islander students in the context of special education. In particular, we focus on the changing demographics of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in the overall U.S. population and on the importance of designing and delivering special education services that address their diverse cultural and linguistic characteristics, culturally and linguistically relevant instructional practices, and parental involvement.
The Longitudinal Association of Adolescent Dating Violence With Psychiatric Disorders and Functioning
Authors: Brown Adrienne , Cosgrave Elizabeth , Killackey Eóin , Purcell Rosemary , Buckby Joe , Yung Alison R.
Published: December 2008

While the prevalence, correlates and mental health impacts of intimate partner violence are well documented in adolescents and young adults, fewer studies have considered physical dating violence among clinical samples of help-seeking young people. In a sample of 98 young people aged 15-24 years (54% females) referred to a specialist public youth mental health service, we examined the 12-month prevalence of physical violence inflicted by an intimate partner and its relationship with psychiatric disorders and psychosocial functioning. The reported prevalence of dating violence in the 12 months prior to referral was 13%. Physical dating violence reported at referral was associated with poorer psychosocial functioning, substance dependence and comorbid Axis I diagnoses at 6-month follow-up. These findings suggest that youth mental health services are well positioned not only to screen for dating violence but to intervene to ameliorate the mental health consequences of abuse and to prevent further violence.
Strategic Sourcing and Supplier Selection in the U.S. Textile— Apparel—Retail Supply Network
Authors: Su Jin , Dyer Carl L. , Gargeya Vidyaranya B.
Published: December 2008

This research investigates the key causal linkages in supply chain management—the impact of strategic sourcing and supplier selection on firm performance in the U.S. textile—apparel—retail supply network. A conceptual framework was developed and the empirical survey-based research methodology was used to gather data from the U.S. textile—apparel—retail complex. The data collection resulted in 181 responses, representing a 38.2% response rate. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the research model and test the research hypotheses. The research findings support that strategic sourcing has a significant and positive effect on business performance, and supplier selection has a significant and positive effect on the firm's ability to gain competitive advantages. The research concludes with implications, limitations, and directions for future research.
A Multi-Method Approach to Assess Usability and Acceptability
Authors: Jansky Liz J. , Huang Jennifer C.
Published: December 2008

The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement System (PROMIS) network, funded as part of the National Institute of Health's roadmap initiative, is in the process of developing a revolutionary computerized adaptive testing system for use in the clinical research community as a standardized method to select and implement patient-reported outcome measures. Soliciting end-user feedback on the system has posed logistical challenges, given the magnitude of the system's scope and the diversity of the target audience and their research needs. This case study presents the application of multiple qualitative methods—participant observation, usability testing, and focus groups—to determine end-users' acceptance of the system and its usability. Findings from these methods highlight the value in using a multifaceted approach to solicit end-user input to software development.
Contradictory Effects of Customized Contract Training in Community Colleges
Authors: Pincus Fred L.
Published: December 2008

The customized contract training agreements between community colleges and corporations have contradictory effects. Corporations receive economic benefits because contracting with community colleges is often cheaper than providing in-house training for employees. Community colleges receive increased revenue and increased political support from corporations. However, the training emphasis is likely to hurt the colleges by detracting from their already weakened liberal arts and transfer programs. The overall effect of customized contract training is to push these institutions further in the direction of becoming primarily vocational, rather than educational institutions. This, in turn, will provide even fewer opportunities for upward mobility for poor and minority students.
Trade Union Strategies and the Enterprise Culture in Britain
Authors: Worcester Kent
Published: December 2008

Trade union elites in Britain found their organizations scorned, isolated and embattled in the 1980s. The combined impact of mass unemployment, the policies of the Thatcher government, and global capitalist restructuring had a profound impact on the position of trade unions both in the workplace and in the wider society. The effort of the Thatcher government to implant an "enterprise culture" led to the expulsion of union elites from the policy-making process. At the same time, underlying schisms within the union movement were intensified as alternative approaches emerged in response to the impasse of labourist strategies.
Post-Fordism and the NAFTA Debate
Authors: Hendrickson Mary
Published: December 2008

This article situates the debate about the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in on-going economic, social and political global restructuring, which has commonly been termed post-Fordism. The author examines two broad theoretical discourses, the neo-liberal and the State interventionist, which are useful for analyzing the debate about NAFTA and other free trade agreements. The author concludes that both discourses have overlooked particular realities of the post-Fordist transformation that will be important in future debates.
Neoliberal Restructuring, Activism/Participation, and Social Unionism in the Nonprofit Social Services
Authors: Baines Donna
Published: December 2008

During the era of neoliberalism, the nonprofit services sector has simultaneously been a site of (a) promarket restructuring and collective and individual resistance and (b) alternative forms of service delivery. Drawing on data collected as part of an ethnographic study in the Canadian nonprofit social services sector, this article explores the impacts of some of restructuring on professional, quasi-professional, and managerial employees in eight unionized, nonprofit social services. The data show that the adoption of social unionism has permitted some nonprofit social service workers to initiate new processes through which to have a voice in far-reaching social issues, sometimes in coalition with management and/or clients. The findings of this study point to the irrepressibility of the participatory spirit and its capacity to seek new forms and practices despite the stretched and restructured conditions of today’s nonprofit social services sector.
Influences on the Architecture of Human Resource Management in Nonprofit Organizations
Authors: Ridder Hans-Gerd , McCandless Alina
Published: December 2008

Human resource management (HRM) plays an important role in providing better management for nonprofit organizations (NPOs). Yet little is known about what influences their human resource practices. After discussing how the strategic and human-resource-based theoretical approaches are appropriate for analyzing HRM in NPOs, the authors explore the current nonprofit literature to identify the specific characteristics of strategic orientations and human resources in NPOs. As a result, the authors propose an analytical framework that is differentiated into four HRM types. This framework enables a better understanding of the relationship between the specific characteristics of NPOs and the architecture of HRM.
Colour rendering tolerances in the CIE system
Authors: Halstead M.B. , Morley D.I. , Palmer D.A. , Stainsby A.G.
Published: December 2008

To investigate the tolerances in the CIE System of assessing colour rendering differences, seventy-two observers have compared two sets of the eight Munsell samples recommended in the System. Each set was illuminated by one of a pair of fluorescent lamps of different colour rendering properties selected from six of similar correlated colour temperature (4000 K). It is shown that the CIE method is not applicable to the comparison of lamps unless one lamp is the reference standard. The observations were recorded on a 4-category scale and were transformed by means of a theoretical model to a subjective ratio scale which is linearly related to the measured colour difference corrected for adaptation of the eye. Furthermore, the just noticeable colour differences were approximately five-and-a-half times the 'minimum perceptible colour differences' of MacAdam's observer. A 'just noticeable' special colour rendering index could thereby be derived for individual samples.
A note on the equivalent luminance and spectral luminous efficiency of the human eye within the mesopic range
Authors: Cakir A. , Krochmann J.
Published: December 2008

Measurements of the spectral luminous efficiency of monochromatic radiation within the mesopic range have already been published. Calculations show that the measured curves can be simulated by a linear combination of the spectral luminous efficiency of monochromatic radiation for scotopic (V'(λ)) and photopic (V(λ)) vision by the equation: Veq(λ)=a. V'( λ)+b. V(λ) where the values of a and b depend on the equivalent luminance. The difference between the simulated and measured curves of the spectral luminous efficiency of monochromatic radiation are discussed. The values of the maximum spectral luminous efficacy K meq within the mesopic range have been calculated. A set-up for the measurement of the equivalent luminance by physical photometry is described.
Corrections for chromatic adaptation in the determination of colour rendering indices
Authors: Halstead M.B. , Henderson S.T. , Large F.E. , Sproson W.N.
Published: December 2008

The revised CIE Test Colour method for determining the colour rendering properties of light sources introduces a von Kries type of correction to allow for chromatic adaptation of the eye. Calculations have been made to discover the effect of this correction in comparison with other possible corrections, including that used in the original CIE method. A wide variety of spectral power distributions has been used to represent the test light sources, including many types of real lamps and some theoretical distributions. In general the von Kries correction produces an increase in the general index Ra if the chromaticity of the illuminant is on the purple side of the Planckian locus. Possible reasons for this bias are discussed. Details are given of a method of calculation with the use of 3 x 3 matrices as applied in colour television work.
Operating pressure of incandescent and tungsten-halogen lamps and influence of envelope temperature on life
Authors: Coaton J.R.
Published: December 2008

The gas pressure rise in incandescent lamps, from cold to running, has been both measured and calculated. A two zone model has been used to represent the conditions in a lamp, taking account of the temperature dependence of the gas thermal conductivity to obtain the gradient and mean temperature within the Langmuir sheath. Agreement between measured and calculated results is within ±10% for linear tungsten-halogen lamps and within ±3% for general lighting service types. The influence of envelope temperature (which is related to ambient temperature) on filament life has also been theoretically studied, and assuming that the rate controlling process is entirely evaporation, reveals that an increase in envelope temperature is expected to reduce the life of narrow bore tubular lamps but increase the life of large bulb types.
A portable discomfort glare evaluator
Authors: Einhorn H.D.
Published: December 2008

An inexpensive portable instrument is described for the paired comparison observation of direct discomfort glare in interior lighting installations. It is useful for field tests where it complements glare assessment by verbal statements.
The installed performance of integrated ceiling systems
Authors: Smith P.W. , Bunker N.
Published: December 2008

Comfort conditions in building interiors are now frequently provided through an integrated ceiling system. These systems vary in design, function and appearance. This paper examines the basic environmental conditions produced by such systems after at least one year's use. Conditions were examined at ten separate sites. The paper reports on the measured conditions and compares them to the design objectives and relates the occupants' attitude to the prevailing comfort level. The paper concludes that few of the installations perform to the design objectives. The occupants appeared to be more tolerant of the imposed conditions than is suggested by design guides. Evidence gathered indicated serious deficiencies in both commissioning and maintenance of the systems.
Parent Involvement in the Education of the Handicapped Child: A Review of the Literature
Authors: McAnaw Welsh Mary , Harris Odum Cindy S.
Published: December 2008

The purpose of this study was to provide a review of the literature reflecting parent involvement in the education of the young handicapped child. The impetus for the study resulted from the need to develop and test programs involving parents in the education of their children who were enrolled in a preschool program for handicapped children. This study provides a baseline of information for persons planning, developing, or evaluating programs in this area.
The Legal and Policy Implications of Third Party Reimbursement for Early Childhood Services
Authors: Weber Mark C.
Published: December 2008

Public Law 99–457, the Supreme Court decision in Bowen v. Massachusetts, budgetary needs, and the creation of entities such as TAMES (Trans Allied Medical Educational Services) haue combined to lead agencies seming young children with disabilities to obtain third-party reimbursement for services from Medicaid, private insurance, and other sources. At first glance, third-party payments are the perfect resource for these programs. But an examination of the legal and policy implications of increased third-party billing reveals serious drawbacks in the form of loss of confidentiality, burdens on the exercise of informed consent, hidden costs to parents, and financial and administrative difficulties.
The Rasch Measurement Model
Authors: SNYDER SCOTT , SHEEHAN ROBERT
Published: December 2008

The Rasch scaling model has been used to advance the development and application of tests in various fields including education, medicine, and psychology. The Rasch model has the potential for overcoming several problems which currently plague developmental measures in early intervention. This manuscript introduces the Rasch model, discusses applications of the model to early childhood assessment, and summarizes preliminary research evidence.
Indirect Service Delivery Through Consultation
Authors: FILE NANCY , KONTOS SUSAN
Published: December 2008

Consultation as a form of indirect service delivery is defined and its theoretical bases are discussed. Literature drawn from school psychology, counseling psychology, organizational theory, and special education is reviewed as regards three types of variables: input, process, and outcome. Barriers to the effective practice of consultation and implications for early intervention programming are discussed. Effective indirect service delivery through consultation requires specialized training for all staff involved and may increase opportunities for children with disabilities to receive early intervention in integrated settings.
An Examination of the Concurrent Validity of the Battelle Developmental Inventory as Compared with the Vineland Adaptive Scales and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Authors: JOHNSON LAWRENCE J. , COOK MARTHA J. , KULLMAN ASHLEY J.
Published: December 2008

The purpose of this study was to compare the concurrent validity of the Battelle Developmental Inventory (BDI) with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (Vineland) and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley). The sample included 67 children with motor delays and a mean aye of 18.63 months. These children were administered either the Vineland, Bayley, and/or the BDI or some combination of all three. As a replication of McLean, McCormick, Bruder, and Burdy (1987), this study revealed similar flndlnys and Indicated that the BDI possessed moderate to hiyh levels of concurrent validity with appropriate subtests from the Vineland and the Bayley.
National Portrait of Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Underutilization of Services
Authors: ARCIA EMILY , KEYES LYNETTE , GALLAGHER JAMES J. , HERRICK HARRY
Published: December 2008

Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, states are designing and implementing comprehensive multidisciplinary early intervention services for families with young children with disabilities. It is the intent of the legislation that early intervention services reach populations that have been typically underserved. To understand ways in which services may promote utilization among typically underserved populations, it is necessary to examine the factors that have been associated with underutilization and their prevalence in the population of families with young children. In addition to a conceptual model of underutilization, we present statistics generated from the March 1991 Current Population Survey on the sociodemographic characteristics of families with children under 5 years of age. We also suggest four types of policies that may facilitate the participation of families who are likely to underutilize services.
Family-Centered Services in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: O'BRIEN MARION , DALE DEBORAH
Published: December 2008

This paper is a review of family-centered intervention programs conducted in the NICU and supported by evaluation data. Only 10 studies on family-centered NICU interventions published in peer-reviewed journals since 1980 were located. Of these, three focused on intervention with the goal of benefitting the family system directly, six involved parents but the primary focus was the infant, and one study combined these two approaches. All the studies carried out to date have substantial limitations arising from small sample sizes and other methodological issues. Thus, despite the emphasis on family-centered services in current legislation and in the theoretical literature, little empirical research is available to document the effectiveness of such approaches.
Stress, Support, and Deafness
Authors: MEADOW-ORLANS KATHRYN P.
Published: December 2008

Data on parenting stress, life stress, and social support were collected from 20 mothers and 16 fathers whose infants' hearing impairments were diagnosed uery early (mean age = 2.8 months) and from comparable parents whose infants are hearing (HI group). Parenting stress of mothers and fathers whose infants are deaf (Dl group) was no greater than that of HI parents and comparable to norms for the Parenting Stress Index. Social support was associated with lower levels of parenting stress for Dl mothers and fathers, but not for HI parents. These results help to confirm the importance of early diagnosis and intewention for parents as well as for their children, suggesting that high levels of parenting stress do not inevitably accompany the diagnosis of disability, that fathers report levels of parenting stress similar to those of mothers, and that both fathers and mothers can benefit from social support.
Representativeness of Observed Preschool Social Behaviors
Authors: Doll Beth , Elliott Stephen N.
Published: December 2008

The degree to which observations consistently describe a preschooler's characteristic social behavior was investigated. Mine comprehensive observations were conducted of preschoolers in free play settings. Observed categories of social behaviors were based on the work of Strain (1983, 1985). Comparison of partial and complete observational records demonstrated that at least 5 observations were required to represent the children's social behavior adequately. Implications are discussed for the assessment of young children's social behavior.
Developmentally Appropriate Practice
Authors: FOX LISE , HANLINE MARY FRANCES , VAIL CYNTHIA O. , GALANT KIM R.
Published: December 2008

The development of inclusive programs for young children with disabilities requires early childhood special educators and early childhood educators to collaborate in an effort to develop and implement effective programs that meet the needs of all children. Developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) describes the guidelines that early educators have determined to be appropriate practice in early childhood programs. In this paper, appropriate practices in early childhood education (ECE) and early childhood special education (ECSE) are examined. The four major components of DAP (curriculum, adult-child interaction, relationships between home and program, developmental evaluation) are used as the framework for analyzing the differences and similarities of recommended practice in ECE and ECSE. The paper concludes with a discussion of how important practices within ECSE fit within the framework of DAP.
Mothers' Perceptions of Their NICU Experience 1 and 7 Months After Discharge
Authors: MECK NANCY E. , FOWLER SUSAN A. , CLAFLIN KATHERINE , RASMUSSEN LYNN B.
Published: December 2008

Interviews were conducted with 36 mothers of premature infants to assess their perceptions and satisfaction with their infants' care 1 and 7 months after discharge from the NICU. The extent to which mothers received information that assisted them in caring for their infant at home also was assessed. In general, nearly all mothers reported receiving information related to their baby's health and routine care of their baby, such as bathing and feeding. In contrast, many reported not receiving information about developmental issues or on topics such as transfer of medical records and payment for the hospitalization. Results suggest that parents have informational needs that may not be met through traditional discharge teaching. Recommendations for meeting these needs through an individualized transition planner are provided.
Emerging Issues from State Level Evaluations of Early Intervention Programs
Authors: ROBERTS RICHARD N. , INNOCENTI MARK S. , GOETZE LINDA D.
Published: December 2008

This article synthesizes discussions that occurred among a consortium of professionals who were responsible for the evaluations of Part H (now Part C) programs in various states. The consortium was part of the Federal Interagency Coordinating Council's Subcommittee on Service Integration and Continuity of Services. This paper highlights issues emerging from state level evaluations in the context of 6 different areas: measures, outcomes, service integration, eligibility, funding models, and cost effectiveness. Part C originally was conceived to provide additional services to children and families who qualified under state definitions and to assist in system reform efforts through service integration strategies. The consortium addressed these purposes within the context of evaluation plans and data collected by states conducting state level evaluations. This paper synthesizes the consortium deliberations and suggests issues that need to be addressed in the evaluation planning process.
Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor of the Kidney: Case Report and Differential Diagnosis With Emphasis on Pathologic and Cytopathologic Features
Authors: Méndez Gonzalo P. , Klock Clóvis , Nosé Vânia
Published: December 2008

This study presents a case of juxtaglomerular cell tumor (JCT) in a 12-year-old girl with hypertension. Fine needle aspirate (FNA) cytology demonstrated a neoplasm with features of a papillary carcinoma, prompting a right radical nephrectomy. Histological examination revealed solid sheets of round epithelioid cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, and distinct cell borders in a background of widespread hemorrhage. Electron microscopy revealed cytoplasmic renin granules. The differential diagnosis of a renal mass in a young patient with hypertension includes JCT, Wilm’s tumor, and renal cell carcinoma, which may produce renin. The renin granules detected by electron microscopy are characteristic of JCT, and the diagnosis is confirmed by ultrastructural study. FNA cytology is not sensitive enough for the diagnosis of JCT and its results must be carefully interpreted.
Dedifferentiated Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma With Massive Osteosarcoma-Like Divergent Differentiation: A Singular Entity in the Spectrum of Retroperitoneal Calcifying Tumors
Authors: Gira Federica A. , Barbieri Antonio , Fellegara Giovanni , Zompatori Maurizio , Corradi Domenico
Published: December 2008

Sarcomatoid change in renal cell carcinoma is the result of the dedifferentiation of the “parent” tumor into a high-grade malignancy characterized by sarcoma-like features and associated with an accelerated clinical course and poorer prognosis. Any of the renal cell carcinoma subtypes can undergo sarcomatoid dedifferentiation, with the chromophobe variant being the most prone. The present report describes the case of a woman affected by a classic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma that developed dedifferentiation accompanied by a very rare osteosarcoma-like divergent differentiation, which constituted about 90% of the entire retroperitoneal mass. In addition to presenting the relevant imaging, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings, this article briefly discusses the main differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal ossifying/ calcifying masses, which could give rise to diagnostic problems either in small biopsies or at imaging.
Prostate Melanosis Associated With Acinar Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Klock Clóvis , Gomes Regina , João Michel , Netto George
Published: December 2008

Prostate melanosis is an uncommon lesion of uncertain etiology where melanin deposition is seen in the epithelium, in the stroma, or in the form of a blue nevus. There are three reports in the literature of melanosis seen in association with prostatic adenocarcinoma. This is the fourth report of this association.
Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumor Masquerading as a Synovial Sarcoma
Authors: Yun Zhong  , Wu Susan , Andaz Shahriyour , Danovich Svetlana , Jen Lin
Published: December 2008

A rare case of pulmonary carcinoid tumor exhibiting morphologically as a monophasic synovial sarcoma is reported. The patient is a 37-year-old man who presented with shortness of breath for several weeks. The chest computed tomographic scan showed a 3.5 cm pulmonary mass in the left lower lobe.The lesion was an oval, tan nodule displaying features of monophasic synovial sarcoma. Immunohistochemical studies were performed and included a carcinoid tumor as a main differential diagnosis. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies were negative for a molecular evidence of synovial sarcoma. This case further emphasizes the capacity of pulmonary carcinoid tumor cells to show various morphologic expressions even toward a mesenchymal differentiation mimicking a synovial sarcoma.
Are the Original and Second Edition of the California Verbal Learning Test Equally Accurate in Detecting Malingering?
Authors: Greve Kevin W. , Curtis Kelly L. , Bianchini Kevin J. , Ord Jonathan S.
Published: December 2008

This two-part study sought to determine the equivalence of the California Verbal Learning Tests (CVLT-1 and CVLT-2) in the detection of malingering in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and chronic pain. Part 1 compared a variety of scores from the two versions in carefully matched patient groups. Part 2 used criterion groups (known-groups) methodology to examine the relative rates of false positive (FP) errors across the two versions. Participants were 442 TBI (CVLT-1 = 310; CVLT-2 = 132) and 378 chronic pain patients (CVLT-1 = 250; CVLT-2 = 128). Overall, the CVLT-2 was more difficult than the CVLT-1, with the chronic pain patients showing larger version effects than the TBI patients. The two versions of the CVLT were equally accurate in detecting malingering in TBI and chronic pain. However, they were not interchangeable. The use of CVLT-1 cutoffs with the CVLT-2 may result in an increased risk of FP error. Appropriate cutoff adjustment in clinical practice is recommended.
Power, Pleasure, and Play
Authors: Minge Jeanine , Zimmerman Amber Lynn
Published: December 2008

This article centers on the renaming of violent sex narratives through the resignification of penetration and the dildo. The dominant sex narrative in much of our cultural conversation is one rooted in heteronormativity. Additionally, the dominant narrative often eclipses the importance of sex as intimate ground in which people share knowledge of the body—the body being a complex site of personal perception and social interpellation. Bricolage as a method operates as a helpful conduit in revealing this complexity, as it allows for multiplicity of construction and meaning. By intertwining theory and method from various disciplinary perspectives, a rich text emerges full of questions, possibilities, and agency.
Loss and Recovery
Authors: Katovich Michael A.
Published: December 2008

The following narrative reconstructs a five-act tragicomedy, providing details of a journey from chaos to a moment of serenity. The author tells the journey as he imagines an ongoing soundtrack to accompany themes of loss, love, dissolution, addiction, institutionalization, and codes of the street.
Energy Taxes and Household Compliance with the Kyoto Protocol
Authors: Romero-Jordán Desiderio , Sanz-Sanz José Félix
Published: December 2008

The implementation of tax reforms to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has become increasingly popular. Nevertheless before prescribing these measures, they should be subject to a cost-benefit analysis. This paper evaluates the effects, in Spain, of a rise in the excise duties on energy to a level equal to the average of the EU-15. To this end, a complete demand model, comprising four energy products and fourteen nonenergy products, is estimated. The results indicate that such a reform, despite the fact that it would reduce CO2 emissions by 11 million tons per year, would produce efficiency costs of 15.88¢ for each euro collected, causing households an average annual welfare loss of 228. Moreover, the progressivity and redistributive capacity of Spanish indirect taxation would be also reduced. As a result, the private welfare loss arising from the reform would be approximately four times greater than its estimated social benefits.
Ethics and the Practice of Qualitative Research
Authors: Shaw Ian
Published: December 2008

This article stems from a concern that relying only on codes of research ethics risks compartmentalizing ethical aspects of research, and shutting them off into a preamble to research. I explore ways in which the practice of qualitative research ethics is presented afresh — and contextualized in distinct forms — at every stage of research. I develop three linked arguments. First, the ethics of qualitative research design pose distinctive demands on principles of informed consent, confidentiality and privacy, social justice, and practitioner research. I focus on consent — for its topicality, not because it is more important or difficult — and social justice. Second, fieldwork ethics raise special considerations regarding power, reciprocity and contextual relevance. Third, ethical issues raised by the analysis and uses of qualitative inquiry evoke illustrative questions regarding the ethics of narrative research and the utilization of research.