bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential Therapeutic Applications of Plant-Derived Alkaloids against Inflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Aryal Babita , Raut Bimal Kumar , Bhattarai Salyan , Bhandari Sobika , Tandan Parbati , Gyawali Kabita , Sharma Kabita , Ranabhat Deepa , Thapa Ranjita , Aryal Dipa , Ojha Atul , Devkota Hari Prasad , Parajuli Niranjan
Published: March 2022

Alkaloids are a type of natural compound possessing different pharmacological activities. Natural products, including alkaloids, which originate from plants, have emerged as potential protective agents against neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) and chronic inflammations. A wide array of prescription drugs are used against these conditions, however, not free of limitations of potency, side effects, and intolerability. In the context of personalized medicine, further research on alkaloids to unravel novel therapeutic approaches in reducing complications is critical. In this review, a systematic survey was executed to collect the literature on alkaloids and their health complications, from which we found that majority of alkaloids exhibit anti-inflammatory action via nuclear factor-κB and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and neuroprotective interaction through acetylcholinesterase (AChE), COX, and β-site amyloid precursor protein activity. In silico ADMET and ProTox-II-related descriptors were calculated to predict the pharmacological properties of 280 alkaloids isolated from traditional medicinal plants towards drug development. Out of which, eight alkaloids such as tetrahydropalmatine, berberine, tetrandrine, aloperine, sinomenine, oxymatrine, harmine, and galantamine are found to be optimal within the categorical range when compared to nicotine. These alkaloids could be exploited as starting materials for novel drug synthesis or, to a lesser extent, manage inflammation and neurodegenerative-related complications.
A Framework of the Training Module for Untrained Observers in Usability Evaluation Motivated by COVID-19: Enhancing the Validity of Usability Evaluation for Children’s Educational Games
Authors: Alshar’e Marwan , Albadi Ali , Mustafa Malik , Tahir Noman , Al Amri Marya
Published: March 2022

The usability evaluation of educational games is an important task, especially for children. By applying Jakob Nielsen’s ten heuristics, most of the HCI designs can be evaluated, but when educational games are involved, where the user being observed is a child between the ages of six and eight, many questions arise. Is the observer trained well enough to observe the child’s reactions to the game with regard to its memorability, learnability, ease of use, and enjoyment? Will it be necessary for the observer to have a training session exploring the game before evaluating a child? Our research suggests that a training module designed to train an untrained facilitator (observer) in how to evaluate four usability dimensions (learnability, memorability, ease of use, and enjoyment) would be very useful. The usability evaluation data was collected by observing users playing generic educational games, using the Mann–Whitney U test, which was conducted by two groups of observers, one trained and one untrained. This was then reviewed, and a distinct difference was found between the results of evaluations in the two groups, thus validating the importance of training for an observer.
RIPK4 Is an Immune Regulating-Associated Biomarker for Ovarian Cancer and Possesses Generalization Value in Pan-Cancer
Authors: Liao Cui , Zhao Yi-xia , Han Wei-di , Lai Nian-yu
Published: March 2022

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer. Many studies have reported that RIPK4 (receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 4) displayed a dysregulated level in many types of tumors. However, its expressions and functions in OC were rarely reported. The levels of RIPK4 were detected in OC and nontumor specimens using TCGA and GEO datasets. The prognostic values of RIPK4 in patients were determined using Kaplan-Meier methods and Kaplan-Meier assays. GO assays and KEGG pathway assays were carried out for functional enrichments. CIBERSORT was applied for estimating the fractions of immune cell types. Finally, RIPK4 was validated in pan-cancer. In this study, our group found that RIPK4 exhibited a higher level of RIPK4 in OC specimens than nontumor specimens. Survival studies revealed that patients with high RIPK4 expressions showed a shorter overall survival than those with low RIPK4 expression. Multivariate assays further confirmed that RIPK4 expression was an independent prognostic element for OC. KEGG pathway analysis displayed that the dysregulated genes in specimens with high RIPK4 expressions were enriched in focal adhesion, proteoglycans in cancer, central carbon metabolism in cancer, and insulin secretion. Correlation analyses showed that several TICs were positively correlated with RIPK4 expression. The pan-cancer validation results showed that RIPK4 was associated with survival in five tumors. Overall, our findings suggested RIPK4 as a prognostic marker in OC.
miR-590-5p Overexpression Alleviates β-Amyloid-Induced Neuron Damage via Targeting Pellino-1
Authors: Shang Lin , Peng Tao , Chen Xuemei , Yan Zhiyong , Wang Junmin , Gao Xiaoqun , Chang Cheng
Published: March 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one common degenerative disorder. However, the effects of miR-590-5p on AD and the mechanism on modulation of AD development were unclear. In this study, the miR-590-5p level in AD patients at mild, moderate, and severe stage as well as APP/PS1 transgenic mice was detected by qRT-PCR. The relationship of miR-590-5p and pellino-1 (PELI1) was identified by double luciferase reporter gene assay. Afterwards, both BV-2 and HT22 cells were exposed to β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides to mimic AD cell model. Then, the roles of miR-590-5p upregulation or PELI1 silence in cell proliferation and apoptosis were explored by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was detected by western blotting. Furthermore, the involvements of the downstream Traf3/MAPK P38 pathway with the roles of miR-590-5p in AD were measured by western blotting. Our results showed that knockdown of miR-590-5p was found in AD patients, mice model, and Aβ-induced cell model. Notably, PELI1 was proved as a target gene of miR-590-5p. miR-590-5p mimic or PELI1 silence significantly promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis, as well as suppressed the activation of Traf3/MAPK P38 pathway both in Aβ-induced BV-2 and HT22 cells. The effects of PELI1 overexpression on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and Traf3/MAPK P38 pathway were partly abrogated by miR-590-5p mimic both in BV-2 and HT22 cells. In conclusion, miR-590-5p was expressed at lower levels in AD, and miR-590-5p/PELI1 axis might be involved in the progression of AD by the downstream Traf3/MAPK P38 pathway.
Utilization of Tea Industrial Waste for Low-Grade Energy Recovery: Optimization of Liquid Oil Production and Its Characterization
Authors: Kathir I. , Haribabu K. , Kumar Aditya , Kaliappan S. , Patil Pravin P. , Dhanalakshmi C.Sowmya , Madhu P. , Birhanu Habtewolde Ababu
Published: March 2022

Pyrolysis oil, produced from industrial as well as municipal solid wastes through pyrolysis, could be a viable renewable alternative fuel. In this study, abundantly available industrial tea wastes are used to produce liquid oil. Flash pyrolysis experiments on a fluidized bed reactor were performed to analyze pyrolysis characteristics. The study evaluated three important process parameters, that is, pyrolysis temperature (300–500°C), particle size (0.5–1.25 mm), and inert gas flow rate (1.5–2.25 m3/hr). The thermogravimetric analysis of the tea wastes demonstrated that the thermal pyrolysis is possible to produce pyrolysis liquid and value added chemicals. The flash pyrolysis experiment produces maximum of 46.3 wt% liquid oil at the temperature of 400°C, particle size of 1.0 mm, and the sweep flow rate of 1.75 m3/hr. The liquid products were analyzed for its physical and chemical characteristics using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The heating value of the liquid products showed that it can be used as liquid fuels, and its elements can be used for various industrial applications.
Aided Evaluation of Motion Action Based on Attitude Recognition
Authors: Wang Qi , Wang Qing-Ming
Published: March 2022

For athletes who are eager for success, it is difficult to obtain their own movement data due to field equipment, artificial errors, and other factors, which means that they cannot get professional movement guidance and posture correction from sports coaches, which is a disastrous problem. To solve this big problem, combined with the latest research results of deep learning in the field of computer technology, based on the related technology of human posture recognition, this paper uses convolution neural network and video processing technology to create an auxiliary evaluation system of sports movements, which can obtain accurate data and help people interact with each other, so as to help athletes better understand their body posture and movement data. The research results show that: (1) using OpenPose open-source library for pose recognition, joint angle data can be obtained through joint coordinates, and the key points of video human posture can be identified and calculated for easy analysis. (2) The movements of the human body in the video are evaluated. In this way, it is judged whether the action amplitude of the detected target conforms to the standard action data. (3) According to the standard motion database created in this paper, a formal motion auxiliary evaluation system is established; compared with the standard action, the smaller the Euclidean distance is, the more standard it is. The action with an Euclidean distance of 4.79583 is the best action of the tested person. (4) The efficiency of traditional methods is very low, and the correct recognition rate of the method based on BP neural network can be as high as 96.4%; the correct recognition rate of the attitude recognition method based on this paper can be as high as 98.7%, which is 2.3% higher than the previous method. Therefore, the method in this paper has great advantages. The research results of the sports action assistant evaluation system in this paper are good, which effectively solves the difficult problems that plague athletes and can be considered to have achieved certain success; the follow-up system test and operation work need further optimization and research by researchers.
Wire Electrical Discharge Machining Characteristics of Al-4.4 Mg-0.7 Mn-0.15 Cr-12 wt.% MoO3 Composites Using Taguchi Technique
Authors: Meignanamoorthy M. , Anandaraj T. , Ravichandran M. , Mohanavel V. , Sathish S. , Sivagami S.M. , Alonazi Wadi B , Al Obaid Sami , Alfarraj Saleh , Durairaj Kaliannan , Ganesan Manikandan
Published: March 2022

This research put forth an effort to produce AA5083 (Al-4.4 Mg-0.7 Mn-0.15 Cr)-12 wt.% MoO3 composite via the stir casting (SC) process, and the effects of process parameters such as pulse on time (TON), pulse off time (TOFF), and current (I) on the wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) characteristics such as metal removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) were investigated using the Taguchi method. Numerous unconventional machining methods are accessible to machine MMCs; among that, WEDM is a significant method. ANOVA was utilized to identify the suitable parameters to obtain maximum MRR and least SR. From the analysis, it is clear that TON 120 (μs), TOFF 50 (μs), and I 3 (A) are the noteworthy parameters to acquire maximum MRR and TON 100 (μs), TOFF 40 (μs), and I 3 (A) are the noteworthy parameters to acquire least SR. ANOVA results for MRR showed that TOFF is the extreme inducing factor with the percentage contribution of 27.92% tracked by TON and I with the percentage contribution of 12.09% and 5.07%, respectively. ANOVA results for SR showed that TOFF is the extreme inducing factor with the percentage contribution of 60.33% tracked by TOFF and I with the percentage contribution of 12.31% and 0.33%, respectively.
Exploration of the Value of Combined UA, IL-6, and fPSA/tPSA in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Tang Qionghua , Liang Zhijiang , Zhou Yingchun , Huang Yihui
Published: March 2022

Objective. To investigate the differences in uric acid (UA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and free prostatic-specific antigen (fPSA)/total prostatic-specific antigen (tPSA) (F/T) between patients with and without prostate cancer (PCa) in order to discover the value of the three indicators in improving PCa diagnostic accuracy. Methods. Patients with pathologically diagnosed PCa (PCa group,

n
=
25

), patients with other benign prostate diseases (benign group,

n
=
25

), and men who underwent normal physical examination (control group,

n
=
25

) at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine between October 2020 and January 2021 were included. The serum UA, IL-6, and F/T levels of participants in the three groups were measured, and the measured data were statistically analyzed. Results. There were statistically significant differences in IL-6 and F/T among the three groups (all

P
<
0.05

), but there were no statistically significant differences in UA (

P
>
0.05

). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for the three indicators was, respectively, as follows: PCa group-benign group 0.5416, 0.6776, and 0.6832; PCa group-control group 0.5432, 0.9536, and 0.9887; and benign group-control group 0.5000, 0.8784, and 0.9456. Logistic regression analysis indicated that IL-6 and F/T were independent predictors of PCa, with AUCs of 0.6776 and 0.6832, respectively, and a combined accuracy of 72.0%. Conclusion. These results suggest that IL-6 and F/T have a good detection effect for PCa screening. Compared with the detection of F/T alone, the combined detection of IL-6 and F/T can improve the diagnosis rate of PCa to a certain extent, providing effective guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients. The value of UA needs to be further studied, and its feasibility in the diagnosis of PCa needs to be further explored.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Modeled in Aging Cotton Rats (Sigmodon hispidus) and Mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Harder Olivia E. , Niewiesk Stefan
Published: March 2022

Serious infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is associated with high risk in infants, children, and elderly. There is currently no approved vaccine against RSV infection, and the only available prevention is immunoprophylaxis utilized in high-risk infants, leaving the elderly without many options. In the elderly, the chronic low-grade inflammatory state of the body can play a significant role during infection. The cotton rat and mouse have emerged as the preferred small animal models to study RSV infection in the elderly. These animal models of aging have shown an age-dependent time course for clearance of virus correlating with a significantly diminished cytotoxic T lymphocyte and humoral immune response in old animals compared to adult animals. In addition, protection through vaccination is reduced in aging rodents. These results mirror the findings in humans. In mice and cotton rats, treatment with ibuprofen, a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), to decrease the chronic low-grade inflammation of the elderly immune system has proven successful in restoring the function of cytotoxic lymphocytes. While more research is required, these treatment types promise a beneficial effect in addition to a putative vaccine. Choosing an appropriate animal model to study RSV infection in the aging immune system is essential to benefit the growing population of elderly in the world. This review focuses on the current research of RSV infection in the cotton rat and mouse as model systems for an aging immune system.
Immunostimulatory Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Subpopulations Can Predict Immunotherapy Response in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Obradovic Aleksandar , Graves Diana , Korrer Michael , Wang Yu , Roy Sohini , Naveed Abdullah , Xu Yaomin , Luginbuhl Adam , Curry Joseph , Gibson Michael , Idrees Kamran , Hurley Paula , Jiang Peng , Liu X. Shirley , Uppaluri Ravindra , Drake Charles G. , Califano Andrea , Kim Young J.
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) have been implicated as potential mediators of checkpoint immunotherapy response. However, the extensive heterogeneity of these cells has precluded rigorous understanding of their immunoregulatory role in the tumor microenvironment.

Experimental Design:

We performed high-dimensional single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on four patient tumors pretreatment and posttreatment from a neoadjuvant trial of patients with advanced-stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma that were treated with the αPD-1 therapy, nivolumab. The head and neck CAF (HNCAF) protein activity profiles, derived from this cohort of paired scRNA-seq, were used to perform protein activity enrichment analysis on the 28-patient parental cohort of clinically annotated bulk transcriptomic profiles. Ex vivo coculture assays were used to test functional relevance of HNCAF subtypes.

Results:

Fourteen distinct cell types were identified with the fibroblast population showing significant changes in abundance following nivolumab treatment. Among the fibroblast subtypes, HNCAF-0/3 emerged as predictive of nivolumab response, while HNCAF-1 was associated with immunosuppression. Functionally, HNCAF-0/3 were found to reduce TGFβ-dependent PD-1+TIM-3+ exhaustion of CD8 T cells, increase CD103+NKG2A+ resident memory phenotypes, and enhance the overall cytolytic profile of T cells.

Conclusions:

Our findings demonstrate the functional importance of distinct HNCAF subsets in modulating the immunoregulatory milieu of human HNSCC. In addition, we have identified clinically actionable HNCAF subtypes that can be used as a biomarker of response and resistance in future clinical trials.
Integrated Genomic Analysis Identifies UBTF Tandem Duplications as a Recurrent Lesion in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Umeda Masayuki , Ma Jing , Huang Benjamin J. , Hagiwara Kohei , Westover Tamara , Abdelhamed Sherif , Barajas Juan M. , Thomas Melvin E. , Walsh Michael P. , Song Guangchun , Tian Liqing , Liu Yanling , Chen Xiaolong , Kolekar Pandurang , Tran Quang , Foy Scott G. , Maciaszek Jamie L. , Kleist Andrew B. , Leonti Amanda R. , Ju Bengsheng , Easton John , Wu Huiyun , Valentine Virginia , Valentine Marcus B. , Liu Yen-Chun , Ries Rhonda E. , Smith Jenny L. , Parganas Evan , Iacobucci Ilaria , Hiltenbrand Ryan , Miller Jonathan , Myers Jason R. , Rampersaud Evadnie , Rahbarinia Delaram , Rusch Michael , Wu Gang , Inaba Hiroto , Wang Yi-Cheng , Alonzo Todd A. , Downing James R. , Mullighan Charles G. , Pounds Stanley , Babu M. Madan , Zhang Jinghui , Rubnitz Jeffrey E. , Meshinchi Soheil , Ma Xiaotu , Klco Jeffery M.
Published: March 2022

The genetics of relapsed pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has yet to be comprehensively defined. Here, we present the spectrum of genomic alterations in 136 relapsed pediatric AMLs. We identified recurrent exon 13 tandem duplications (TD) in upstream binding transcription factor (UBTF) in 9% of relapsed AML cases. UBTF-TD AMLs commonly have normal karyotype or trisomy 8 with cooccurring WT1 mutations or FLT3-ITD but not other known oncogenic fusions. These UBTF-TD events are stable during disease progression and are present in the founding clone. In addition, we observed that UBTF-TD AMLs account for approximately 4% of all de novo pediatric AMLs, are less common in adults, and are associated with poor outcomes and MRD positivity. Expression of UBTF-TD in primary hematopoietic cells is sufficient to enhance serial clonogenic activity and to drive a similar transcriptional program to UBTF-TD AMLs. Collectively, these clinical, genomic, and functional data establish UBTF-TD as a new recurrent mutation in AML.

Significance:

We defined the spectrum of mutations in relapsed pediatric AML and identified UBTF-TDs as a new recurrent genetic alteration. These duplications are more common in children and define a group of AMLs with intermediate-risk cytogenetic abnormalities, FLT3-ITD and WT1 alterations, and are associated with poor outcomes.

See related commentary by Hasserjian and Nardi, p. 173.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 171.
Clinical and Cerebrospinal Fluid Characteristics in 55 Cases of Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome: A Retrospective Analytical Study
Authors: Yang Qinglin , Lai Chuntao , Meng Chao , Chang Qinglin , Wang Jiawei
Published: March 2022

Background: Several case series of patients with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome have been described in the literature; however, few studies have focused on the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) characteristics. This study aimed to analyse the CSF characteristics of patients with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. Methods: Fifty-five patients who fulfilled the 3rd Edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders diagnostic criteria for Tolosa-Hunt syndrome were included in this study. We retrospectively analysed data on CSF parameters, imaging findings, and clinical characteristics of these patients. Results: Oligoclonal bands (OBs) were detected in the CSF of 13 (13/44, 29.5%) patients. The sex ratio was balanced. The mean age at onset of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome was 46.9 ± 10.23 (range 22–72) years. Eight (8/13, 61.5%) patients had multiple cranial nerve palsies. Lesions limited to the cavernous sinus were found on magnetic resonance imaging in 7 (7/13, 53.8%) patients. OBs were significantly detected more frequently in patients whose samples were evaluated less than 30 days after the onset of this diseases (p = 0.026); however, there were no significant differences in the protein level (p = 0.360) and IgG synthesis rate (p = 0.614). Conclusions: The detection of OBs in the CSF of patients with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome was not rare. It would be interesting to follow-up patients with OBs to determine whether they eventually developed an otherwise more specific inflammatory diagnosis.
Glucagon for Neonatal Hypoglycaemia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Walsh Eamon P.G. , Alsweiler Jane M. , Ardern Julena , Hanning Sara M. , Harding Jane E. , McKinlay Christopher J.D.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Glucagon is often used in neonatal hypoglycaemia, but its effects have not been systematically assessed. We undertook a systematic review to determine the efficacy and safety of glucagon treatment for neonatal hypoglycaemia. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and CENTRAL from inception until May 2021. We included studies that reported one or more prespecified outcomes and compared glucagon with placebo or no glucagon. Studies were excluded if the majority (>70%) of participants were >1 month of age. Two authors independently extracted data. We used ROB-2/modified ROBINS-I to assess risk of bias, GRADE for certainty of evidence, and RevMan for meta-analysis. Results: 100 studies were screened, 37 reviewed in full, and seven single-arm non-randomised intervention studies, involving 348 infants, were included (no trials). Data were insufficient to undertake meta-analysis of the critical outcomes (time to blood glucose normalization, recurrent hypoglycaemia, neurocognitive impairment). In 3 studies, ≥80% of neonates achieved normoglycaemia within 4 h of glucagon administration. However, recurrent hypoglycaemia was common (up to 55%). Glucagon increased blood glucose concentration at 1–2 h by 2.3 mmol/L (95% CI 2.1, 2.5) (low certainty evidence, 6 studies, N = 323). There were few data for other important clinical outcomes. Conclusion: There is a paucity of evidence about the efficacy and safety of glucagon for treatment of neonatal hypoglycaemia. Low certainty evidence suggests that glucagon may increase blood glucose by ∼2.3 mmol/L but recurrent hypoglycaemia appears common. High-quality, randomized controlled trials are required to determine the role of glucagon in managing neonatal hypoglycaemia.
First-Trimester SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Clinical Presentation, Inflammatory Markers, and Obstetric Outcomes
Authors: Trilla Cristina , Mora Josefina , Crovetto Francesca , Crispi Fàtima , Gratacos Eduard , Llurba Elisa ,   on behalf of the KidsCorona Pregnancy COVID-19 Group
Published: March 2022

Objective: Second- and third-trimester SARS-CoV-2 infections may have an increased risk of obstetric complications. However, data on first-trimester infections are scarce. We sought to characterize the clinical and inflammatory presentations and pregnancy outcomes of first-trimester infections. Methods: A population-based multicenter study including 817 singleton pregnancies with SARS-CoV-2 serologic testing at 8–14 weeks between March and May 2020. Blood count, uterine artery Doppler, and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) were performed in all women. Placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), IL-6, and ferritin were determined in positive women. Obstetric outcomes were evaluated. Results: The prevalence of first-trimester infection was 15.2% (n = 124). 72.6% of positive women were asymptomatic. Symptomatic women had higher rates of lymphopenia (1.91 × 109/L vs. 2.16 × 109/L, p = 0.017) and increased levels of IL-6 (9.1% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.051), but lower rates of decreased ferritin (6.3% vs. 19.8%, p = 0.015). PAPP-A was higher in symptomatic women compared with asymptomatic and negative women (1.44 [IQR 0.90–1.82] vs. 1.08 [IQR 0.66–1.61] p = 0.014, vs. 1.08 [IQR 0.77–1.55] p = 0.019, respectively). Obstetric outcomes were not increased. Conclusions: First-trimester SARS-CoV-2 infections are mostly asymptomatic, with a mild increase of inflammatory markers in symptomatic women. Obstetric complications were not increased, but PAPP-A levels were higher in symptomatic women.
Sella Bugged! Abscess Inside a Craniopharyngioma: Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Tyagi Gaurav , S A Santhosh Kumar , Kandregula Sandeep , Mhatre Radhika , Uppar Alok Mohan
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Abscess within a craniopharyngioma (CPG) is extremely rare and only 8 such cases have been reported in literature. Most patients present with hypopituitarism and visual disturbances. We report the first ever case of a CPG with abscess in a pediatric patient. Case Report: A 10-year-old girl presented with visual deterioration and bitemporal hemianopia. Her CT and MRI brain suggested of a sellar-suprasellar CPG. Due to ill-developed sino-nasal anatomy, a transcranial approach was made for the lesion. The lesion was well capsulated, thick walled, and appeared inflamed. Upon incising the wall, thick yellowish pus was drained out in a controlled manner. This was followed by a partial resection of the CPG wall and eccentric, adhered, calcified residue was left behind with an Ommaya drain. The abscess culture grew Enterococcus species and histopathology revealed adamantinomatous CPG. Patient underwent culture sensitive antibiotics course followed by radiation for the residue. She was doing well at 1-year follow-up with clinical and radiological improvement. Conclusion: This is the first report of a pediatric case with secondary abscess in CPG. Operative management of such a case includes controlled drainage of pus without dissemination into the surrounding arachnoid space. The tumor and abscess have to be addressed as separate surgical entities; infection control and wherever complete resection is not feasible, partial safe resection followed by radiotherapy is a viable option.
Systemic scleroderma patient education: a booklet report
Authors: Chaves Caio Carvalhais , Marcelino Ana Leticia Fontes de Oliveira , Silva Laura Cristine Carmo da , Andrade Júnia Amorim , Santos Flavia Patrícia Sena Teixeira , Ferreira Gilda Aparecida , Calderaro Débora Cerqueira
Published: March 2022

Objective: This study aims to describe the development and online distribution of a patient education booklet about systemic scleroderma focused on occupational therapy orientations. Methods: The research-action methodology was applied and divided into the following five steps: analysis of patients' requests, preparation of the content, choice of illustrations and graphic design, developers' approval of the education booklet, and online distribution. Results: The education booklet entitled "Occupational Therapy Guidelines for People with Systemic Sclerosis" was developed, and its online distribution reached nearly 5000 people. Conclusion: Educational materials serve as adjuncts to the treatment of chronic diseases, as systemic scleroderma. The online distribution of these materials expands its reach among these patients.
Treinamento com realidade virtual não imersiva é efetivo na melhora da funcionalidade de idosos institucionalizados e uma opção de atividade física segura nos momentos de restrição: um estudo piloto
Authors: Lopes Diene Gomes Colvara , Myskiw Jociane de Carvalho , Bós Ângelo José Gonçalves , Oliveira Vanice Hohemberge de , Perpétuo Marcelo , Souza Patrícia
Published: March 2022

O envelhecimento é um processo dinâmico e progressivo que proporciona a diminuição gradual da capacidade funcional, aumentando a dependência dos idosos e culminando, muitas vezes, na sua institucionalização. Neste contexto, a Realidade Virtual Não Imersiva (RVNI) vem se mostrando uma ferramenta segura e efetiva para estimular a funcionalidade em idosos, inclusive diante da situação de distanciamento social que vivemos atualmente. Objetivo: Avaliar, preliminarmente, o efeito do treinamento com jogos de RVNI sobre a funcionalidade de idosos institucionalizados. Método: Estudo intervencional randomizado, com amostra composta por 17 idosos de quaisquer gêneros (idade 87 anos ±5,4 anos), residentes em uma instituição de Porto Alegre, divididos em dois grupos: Grupo Treinamento (GT) e Grupo Controle (GC). Foram avaliadas a escala de independência funcional (MIF) e a circunferência da panturrilha e do braço, bem como foram realizados o teste de Força de Preensão Palmar (FPP) e o Timed Get Up and Go (TUG). O protocolo de intervenção teve duração de 8 semanas, com duas sessões semanais de 30 minutos. Resultados: Os grupos demostraram ser homogêneos em relação ao gênero e idade. O GT apresentou melhora significante em 4 das 5 variáveis analisadas, já o GC apenas no teste de FPP.  O GT no FPP apresentou uma diferença estatisticamente significativa de 21,1 ± 12,60 kg para 23,8 ± 13,51 kg (p<0,003). Conclusão: O presente estudo sugere que o treinamento com RVNI é efetivo na melhora da funcionalidade de idosos institucionalizados e pode ser uma opção de intervenção física segura, especialmente em momentos de restrição.
Efeitos do treino aeróbico aquático sobre a cognição de um indivíduo após traumatismo crânio encefálico: estudo de caso
Authors: Castro Caio Roberto Aparecido Paschoal , Sousa Cristiane Dias dos Anjos de , Poletti Andreia , Shimano Suraya Gomes Novais , Braga Douglas Martins
Published: March 2022

Objective: To verify the interference of aerobic aquatic exercise performed in the cognition of an individual with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Method: This is experimental case study occured in the Aquatic Physiotherapy Sector of the AACD. It was aprroved by the institution's Research Ethics Committee, protocol number 3,171,742. A 31-year-old male who underwent a TBI (almost 12 months from the evaluation date) participated in the study. The participant did not report hydrophobia and, on physical assessment, he did not present pain or dysfunctions that compromised his physical performance. He undertook not to perform another physical activity during the study. A neuropsychological evaluation was carried out before and after the intervention. The protocol consisted of 12 sessions of 45 minutes, once a week, aerobic training on an underwater bike with a physiotherapist monitoring. The water temperature was 33°C and immersion at the level of the xifoid process. The training intensity monitoring was performed through heart rate (HR) and target HR was stipulated by Karvonenn formula. Results: The participant improved the score in the tests of intellectual functions, intentional processes and speed of information processing, spatial vision skills, language, logical reasoning, mental calculus, abstract reasoning. Conclusion: Aquatic aerobic exercise positively interfered with the cognitive functions of an individual with sequelae of an TBI.
Laser therapy in the treatment of chronic multi-site pain: a systematic review
Authors: Silva Nicole Pantojo da , Moretti Mariana Pedrazzi , Oliveira Igor Pereira de , Aranha Ana Lucia Batista , Beloni Paola  Vieira , Maciel Marcella Ferreira Bento , Cecatto Rebeca Boltes
Published: March 2022

Laser therapies are noninvasive techniques with painless, safe, and low-cost therapeutic procedures for chronic pain. No systematic review has evaluated the effects of laser in the treatment of multi-site chronic pain. Objective: To evaluate the effects of laser in the treatment of generalized multi-site chronic pain. Methods: This pioneering study presents a PRISMA systematic review protocol designed to up-to-date the current literature on Laser Therapy in patients with chronic multi-site pain from all founded etiologies. This protocol was registered on the PROSPERO website before data extraction (registration no. CRD42019152345). Results: About 1391 articles met the inclusion criteria and 15 studies were selected for the data extraction. We found 12 studies in patients with fibromyalgia, 01 study about myofascial pain syndrome, 01 study about rheumatoid arthritis and 01 study about diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Homogeneity was not found in the Laser protocols, clinical conditions studied, the evaluation methods, or in the controlled groups but together studies suggested that Laser could have benefits in the treatment of pain severity, quality of life, fatigue, stiffness, depression, and anxiety compared to placebo and other therapies for fibromyalgia and for pain at Rheumatoid Arthritis and Diabetic Polyneuropathy. Conclusion: Laser therapy plus the standardized exercise or amitriptilyne provided no extra advantage in the relief of symptoms at fibromyalgia. For TMD myofascial pain no benefits were founded. Studies showed numerous different points and locations of light application but none of the selected studies used spinal stimulation as the Laser application site.
Tradução sonora: perspectivas fonéticas na tradução e o caso Humpty Dumpty
Authors: Pfau Monique , Costa Fernanda da Silva Góis , Portela Marília , Santana Marília , Borges Nathalia Amaya , Salles Simone
Published: March 2022

Este artigo apresenta um breve estudo bibliográfico e um experimento comentado sobre tradução sonora, tema ainda pouco discutido nos Estudos da Tradução no Brasil. A tradução sonora, observada em alguns poemas e músicas, está fortemente embasada na busca pela repetição ou adaptação da acústica do texto-fonte, levando ou não em consideração outros sistemas linguísticos, como o semântico e o léxico. O referencial teórico sobre conceitos, críticas e exemplos que circundam o tema (Catford, 1965; Venuti, 1995; Pishchikov, 2016; Dembeck, 2015; Hilson, 2013; etc.) evidencia o valor literário da tradução sonora que, apesar de não haver um reconhecimento unânime da tradução sonora ser de fato uma tradução, apresenta-se aqui estudos que mostram discussões a partir de um caráter político e cultural que a reconhecem como legítima. O experimento de tradução foi inspirado na tradução sonora da canção inglesa Humpty Dumpty (1797), de Mother Goose, para o francês, por Van Rooten. Essa tradução é bastante polêmica entre os/as pesquisadores/as por ser um caso extremo de tradução sonora, gerando um texto desprovido de significado. A tradução puramente sonora da canção inglesa para o português brasileiro forneceu meios para observar os diversos sistemas acústicos levantados na seção teórica e as limitações das possibilidades da língua-alvo em repetir alguns sons da língua-fonte. A partir deste estudo, defende-se que a tradução sonora coloca em evidência a fonética como elemento identitário da cultura-fonte.
Tradução (e retradução) ética bermaniana, um debate que persiste
Authors: Rondinelli Marcelo
Published: March 2022

Entre as valiosas contribuições do tradutor e teórico Antoine Berman (1942-1991) para os Estudos da Tradução — a julgar pelos desdobramentos de discussões que já duram três décadas — está, sem dúvida, o ensaio “La retraduction comme espace de la traduction” (1990). A vivacidade no debate desencadeado pelas concepções ali expostas se comprova em diversos pesquisadores, numa extensa trajetória. Publicam-se, entre os primeiros anos após o ensaio e a segunda década do séc. XXI, além de numerosos artigos em periódicos de relevo, volumes inteiros voltados à discussão do fenômeno da retradução literária estabelecendo em algum momento, quase invariavelmente, relação com ideias daquele ensaio seminal. Nem sempre remetem precisamente à concepção bermaniana de ética; é certo, porém — como se visa a demonstrar aqui —, que em muitos casos ela está subjacente e instiga novos desdobramentos teóricos.
Association Between Temporal Changes in Early Repolarization Pattern With Long‐Term Cardiovascular Outcome: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Li‐Juan , Tang Na , Bi Wen‐Tao , Zhang Ming , Deng Xue‐Qiong , Cheng Yun‐Jiu
Published: March 2022

Background

The prognostic value of early repolarization pattern (ERP) remains controversial. We aim to test the hypothesis that temporal changes in ERP are associated with increased risks for sudden cardiac death (SCD) and cardiovascular death.

Methods and Results

A total of 14 679 middle‐aged participants from the prospective, population‐based cohort were included in this analysis, with ERP status recorded at baseline and during 3 follow‐up visits in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study. We related baseline ERP, time‐varying ERP, and temporal changes in ERP to cardiovascular outcomes. Cox models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for possible confounding factors. With a median follow‐up of 22.5 years, there were 5033 deaths, 1239 cardiovascular deaths, and 571 SCDs. Time‐varying ERP was associated with increased risks of SCD (HR, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.25–2.02]), cardiovascular death (HR, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.44–2.00]), and death from any cause (HR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.05–1.27]). Baseline ERP was also associated with 3 outcomes. Compared with those with consistently normal ECG findings, subjects with new‐onset ERP or consistent ERP experienced increased risks of developing SCD and cardiovascular death. The time‐varying ERP in women, White subjects, and anterior leads and J‐wave amplitudes ≥0.2 mV appeared to indicate poorer cardiovascular outcomes.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that baseline ERP, time‐varying ERP, new‐onset ERP, and consistent ERP were independent predictors of SCD and cardiovascular death in the middle‐aged biracial population. Repeated measurements of the ERP might improve its use as a risk indicator for SCD.
Treatment With Icosapent Ethyl to Reduce Ischemic Events in Patients With Prior Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights From REDUCE‐IT PCI
Authors: Peterson Benjamin E. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Steg Ph. Gabriel , Miller Michael , Brinton Eliot A. , Jacobson Terry A. , Ketchum Steven B. , Juliano Rebecca A. , Jiao Lixia , Doyle Ralph T. , Granowitz Craig , Gibson C. Michael , Pinto Duane , Giugliano Robert P. , Budoff Matthew J. , Tardif Jean‐Claude , Verma Subodh , Ballantyne Christie M. ,   the REDUCE‐IT Investigators
Published: March 2022

Background

Patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are at increased risk for recurrent cardiovascular events despite aggressive medical therapy.

Methods and Results

This post hoc analysis focused on the subset of patients with prior PCI enrolled in REDUCE‐IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With Icosapent Ethyl–Intervention Trial), a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of icosapent ethyl versus placebo. Icosapent ethyl was added to statins in patients with low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL and fasting triglycerides 135–499 mg/dL. The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or unstable angina requiring hospitalization. There were 8179 patients randomized in REDUCE‐IT followed for a median of 4.9 years, and 3408 (41.7%) of them had a prior PCI with a median follow‐up of 4.8 years. These patients were randomized a median of 2.9 years (11 days to 30.7 years) after PCI. Among patients treated with icosapent ethyl versus placebo, there was a 34% reduction in the primary composite end point (hazard ratio [HR], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.58–0.76;
P
<0.001; number needed to treat
4.8 years
=12) and a 34% reduction in the key secondary composite end point of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.56–0.79;
P
<0.001; NNT
4.8 years
=19) versus placebo. Similarly, large reductions occurred in total coronary revascularizations and revascularization subtypes. There was also a 39% reduction in total events (rate ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.52–0.72;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Among patients treated with statins with elevated triglycerides and a history of prior PCI, icosapent ethyl substantially reduced the risk of recurrent events during an average of ~5 years of follow‐up with a number needed to treat of only 12.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01492361.
Impact of Percutaneous Transluminal Renal Angioplasty on Autonomic Nervous System and Natriuresis in Hypertensive Patients With Renal Artery Stenosis
Authors: Iwashima Yoshio , Kusunoki Hiroshi , Taniyama Akira , Horio Takeshi , Hayashi Shin‐ichiro , Kishida Masatsugu , Fukuda Tetsuya , Yoshihara Fumiki , Ishimitsu Toshihiko , Kawano Yuhei
Published: March 2022

Background

We investigated the early postoperative effect of percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty on ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and the circadian characteristics of natriuresis and autonomic nerve activity.

Methods and Results

A total of 64 patients with hypertension with hemodynamically significant renal artery stenosis (mean age, 60.0±21.0 years; 31.3% fibromuscular dysplasia) who underwent angioplasty were included, and circadian characteristics of natriuresis as well as heart rate variability indices, including 24‐hour BP, low‐frequency and high‐frequency (HF) components, and the percentage of differences between adjacent normal R‐R intervals >50 ms were evaluated using an oscillometric device, TM‐2425, both at baseline and 3 days after angioplasty. In both the fibromuscular dysplasia and atherosclerotic stenosis groups, 24‐hour systolic BP (fibromuscular dysplasia, −19±14; atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis, −11±9 mm Hg), percentage of differences between adjacent normal R‐R intervals >50 ms, HF, brain natriuretic peptide, and nighttime urinary sodium excretion decreased (all
P
<0.01), and heart rate increased (both
P
<0.05) after angioplasty. In both groups, revascularization increased the night/day ratios of percentage of differences between adjacent normal R‐R intervals >50 ms (both
P
<0.01) and HF, and decreased those of low frequency/HF (all
P
<0.05) and nighttime urinary sodium excretion (fibromuscular dysplasia, 1.17±0.15 to 0.78±0.09; atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis, 1.37±0.10 to 0.99±0.06, both
P
<0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that a 1‐SD increase in baseline low frequency/HF was associated with at least a 15% decrease in 24‐hour systolic BP after angioplasty (odds ratio, 2.30 [95% CI, 1.03–5.67];
P
<0.05).

Conclusions

Successful revascularization results in a significant BP decrease in the early postoperative period. Intrarenal perfusion might be a key modulator of the circadian patterns of autonomic nerve activity and natriuresis, and pretreatment heart rate variability evaluation seems to be important for treatment success.
Platelet FcγRIIa Expression in Ischemic Stroke: A Marker of Increased Platelet Reactivity
Authors: Schneider David J. , Honda Tristan , Feldmann Edward , de Havenon Adam , Romano Jose G. , Nogueira Raul G. , Prabhakaran Shyam , Mishra Nishant K. , Beaman Charles B. , Hinman Jason , Commichau Christopher S. , Callas Peter , Kaneko Naoki , Morales Jose M. , Patel Smit D. , Sharma Latisha K. , Kim Song Julia , Taatjes‐Sommer Heidi S. , Liebeskind David S.
Published: March 2022

Background

Platelet FcγRIIa amplifies platelet activation and, thus, increased expression identifies patients with increased platelet reactivity. Previous work has demonstrated that platelet FcγRIIa can identify patients at high and low risk of subsequent cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction (MI). This study was designed to compare platelet expression of FcγRIIa in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) with that in patients with a recent MI.

Methods

Patients were enrolled based on an admitting diagnosis of stroke/TIA, and the discharge diagnosis was used to categorize patients into stroke/TIA (n=99) and other causes of neurologic dysfunction (hemorrhagic, trauma, toxic, and seizure; n=14). Patients with stroke/TIA were divided into embolic (both cardioembolic and thromboembolic; n=32) and not embolic causes (n=67). Results were compared with platelet FcγRIIa expression in patients with recent MI from a previous study (n=197). Platelet expression of FcγRIIa (molecules of FcγRIIa/platelet) was quantified with the use of flow cytometry. Results are mean±SD.

Results

Platelet expression of FcγRIIa was similar in patients with ischemic (both embolic and nonembolic) stroke/TIA (11 332±4127), embolic (11 204±3889) and nonembolic (11 393±4263) causes, and MI (11 479±2405). Patients with other causes of neurologic dysfunction had modestly but not significantly lower platelet expression of FcγRIIa (9389±2883;
P
=0.13).

Conclusions

Platelet expression of FcγRIIa was similar in patients with stroke/TIA and recent MI. These results support future studies designed to determine whether platelet FcγRIIa expression can discriminate risk of subsequent stroke/TIA and its potential use as a precision tool capable of guiding individualized treatment decisions.
Legal Reflections on the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines: Building a Global Safety Net for Small-Scale Fisheries
Authors: Nakamura Julia N.
Published: March 2022

The Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication, endorsed by the Committee on Fisheries of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 2014, heightened the recognition and protection of small-scale fisheries globally. The guidelines are voluntary and non-binding, but does this mean they have no normative significance or legal force? Based on international legal theories of soft law, this article explores the legal status of the guidelines and argues that the guidelines have normative significance and legal force for three main reasons: (i) the legitimate process of development and adoption of the guidelines; (ii) the normative content of the provisions; and (iii) their law-making effects at various levels of governance. The guidelines contribute to building a global safety net for small-scale fisheries, which should continue to improve and expand thus securing the sector’s sustainability worldwide.