bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polyamide/Chitosan/Tetraethyl Orthosilicate Electrospun Nanofibers for a Novel and Promising Drug Carrier
Authors: Feng Zhi-Yuan , Wang Chen-Di , Park Soo-Jin , Meng Wan , Meng Long-Yue
Published: July 2021

Chitosan (CS), the only alkaline polysaccharose available in nature, has always been a promising candidate for drug delivery owing to its excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility. However, inherent solubility and polycationic properties of CS largely hinder electrospinning, which
is an efficient method of fabricating nanofibers for drug carriers. To solve this problem and extend the applications of CS, polyamide/chitosan/tetraethyl orthosilicate (PA/CS/TEOS) composite nanofibers were successfully prepared as drug carriers in this study via electrospinning. The PA/CS/TEOS
ratios significantly influenced the nanofiber morphology. As the content of each was increased, the beads among the membranes increased initially and then decreased, determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphology of the optimum membranes with the ratio of 1:0.13:0.67 was
smoother with less beads and uniform fiber diameter. Finally, the membranes with optimum ratios were used as carriers of ofloxacin in the study of drug release performance to identify their future feasibility, which revealed an initial fast release followed by a relatively stable release.
Enhanced Catalytic Activities of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Co-Sensitized with Pt/CdS/ZnS via Electrodeposition and Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) Method Approach
Authors: Manh Nguyen Van , Tung Ngo Trinh , Trang Bui Thi Thu , Hop Tran Thi Thanh , Huu Nguyen The , Cong Trinh Duc
Published: July 2021

In this work, we have synthesized a nanocomposite ZnS/CdS/Pt/TiO2 nanotube arrays (denoted ZCP-NTAs). Firstly, TiO2 nanotube array (NTAs) material was fabricated by the anodic method of a titanium plate in an electrolyte solution containing 0.35 M NaHSO4
and 0.24 M NaF and incubated in the air at 500 ºC for 2 hours. After that, pulsed electrodeposition technology was used to decorate platinum nanoparticles (denoted as Pt NPs) onto the surface of TiO2 nanotubes to form P-NTAs photoelectrodes. Then, the SILAR method is used to
deposition CdS quantum dots (symbolized as CdS QDs) on the surface of P-NTAs to form CP-NTAs material. Finally, by the SILAR method, a ZnS passive layer that protects against optical corrosion and inhibits recombination of e−/h+ pairs was coated onto the CP-NTAs
to form ZCP-NTAs material. As-prepared ZCP-NTAs photocatalytic material has good absorbability of light in the visible region with light absorption wavelength up to 608 nm, photon conversion efficiency up to 5.32% under light intensity AM1.5G, and decomposition efficiency of 10 mg L−1
methyl orange (MO) in 120 minutes reached 91.50%. This material promises to bring high application ability in the photocatalytic field applied for environmental treatment and other applications.
Synthesis, Doping and Electrochemical Properties of Zn3V3O8
Authors: Yuan Zheng-Yong , Xiao Yao , Yang Xiao-Qing , Feng Chuan-Qi
Published: July 2021

The Zn3V3O8 was synthesized by solvothermal method combined with heat treatment using Zn(NO3)3 · 6H2O and NH4VO3 as raw materials. The Zn3V3O8 was doped by
Co2+ to form Zn2.88Co0.12V3O8. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Electrochemical tests showed that the initial discharge specific capacity for Zn2.88Co0.12V3O8
was 640.4 mAh·g−1 when the current density was 100 mA·g−1, which was higher than that of pure Zn3V3O8 (563.5 mAh · g−1). After 80 cycles, the discharge specific capacity of Zn2.88Co0.12V3O8
could maintain at 652.2 mAh · g−1, which was higher than that of pure Zn3V3O8 (566.8 mAh·g−1) under same condition. The Zn2.88Co0.12V3O8 owned better rate performances
than those of pure Zn3V3O8 also. The related modification mechanisms were discussed in this paper
Fe-Based Single-Atom Nanozyme with Superior Peroxidase-Mimicking Activity for Enhanced Ultrasensitive Biosensing
Authors: Chi Lili , Zhang Yuetong , Hua Yusheng , Xu Qiqi , Lv Mingzhu , Wang Huan , Xie Jiani , Yang Shengtao , Yong Yuan
Published: July 2021

Nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme-mimicking characteristics, refered to as nanozymes, have become a hot research topic owing to their unique advantages of comparative low cost, high stability and large-scale preparation. Among them, Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes), as novel nanozymes
with abundant atomically dispersed active sites, have caused specific attention in the development of nanozymes for their remarkable catalytic activities, maximum atomic utilization and excellent selectivity, the homogeneous catalytic sites and clear catalytic mechanisms. Herein, a novel single-atom
nanozyme based on Fe(III)-doped polydiaminopyridine nanofusiforms (Fe-PDAP SAzyme) was successfully proposed via facile oxidation polymerization strategy. With well-defined coordination structure and abundant Fe-Nx active sites similar to natural metalloproteases, the Fe-PDAP SAzyme exhibits
superior peroxidase-like activity by efficiently decomposing H2O2 for hydroxyl radical (.OH) species formation. Based on their superior peroxidase-like activity, colorimetric biosensing of H2O2 and glucose in vitro was performed by using a
typical 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine through a multienzyme biocatalytic cascade platform, exhibiting the superior specificity and sensitivity. This work not only provides a novel promising SAzyme-based biosensor but also paves an avenue for evaluating enzyme activity and broadens the application
of other nanozyme-based biosensors in the fields of biomedical diagnosis.
Accomplishments of NOAA’s Airborne Hurricane Field Program and a Broader Future Approach to Forecast Improvement
Authors: Zawislak Jonathan , Rogers Robert F. , Aberson Sim D. , Alaka Ghassan J. , Alvey George R. , Aksoy Altug , Bucci Lisa , Cione Joseph , Dorst Neal , Dunion Jason , Fischer Michael , Gamache John , Gopalakrishnan Sundararaman , Hazelton Andrew , Holbach Heather M. , Kaplan John , Leighton Hua , Marks Frank , Murillo Shirley T. , Reasor Paul , Ryan Kelly , Sellwood Kathryn , Sippel Jason A. , Zhang Jun A.
Published: July 2021

Since 2005, NOAA has conducted the annual Intensity Forecasting Experiment (IFEX), led by scientists from the Hurricane Research Division at NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. They partner with NOAA’s Aircraft Operations Center, who maintain and operate the WP-3D and Gulfstream IV-SP (G-IV) Hurricane Hunter aircraft, and NCEP’s National Hurricane Center and Environmental Modeling Center, who task airborne missions to gather data used by forecasters for analysis and forecasting and for ingest into operational numerical weather prediction models. The goal of IFEX is to improve tropical cyclone (TC) forecasts using an integrated approach of analyzing observations from aircraft, initializing and evaluating forecast models with those observations, and developing new airborne instrumentation and observing strategies targeted at filling observing gaps and maximizing the data’s impact in model forecasts. This summary article not only highlights recent IFEX contributions toward improved TC understanding and prediction, but also reflects more broadly on the accomplishments of the program during the 16 years of its existence. It describes how IFEX addresses high-priority forecast challenges, summarizes recent collaborations, describes advancements in observing systems monitoring structure and intensity, as well as in assimilation of aircraft data into operational models, and emphasizes key advances in understanding of TC processes, particularly those that lead to rapid intensification. The article concludes by laying the foundation for the next generation of IFEX as it broadens its scope to all TC hazards, particularly rainfall, storm-surge inundation, and tornadoes, that have gained notoriety during the last few years after several devastating landfalling TCs.
Impact of India-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement: An Assessment from the Trade Creation and Trade Diversion Effects
Authors: Singh Loitongbam Bishwanjit
Published: July 2021

This article investigates the impacts on the India–Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Free Trade Agreement (IAFTA) on trade creation and trade diversion. The gravity model is employed, where multilateral resistance terms are included. A panel data set of 45 countries that included India, ASEAN-10 nations and India’s top 34 trading partners in 2018 were used for the period from 1996 to 2018. The article explored that IAFTA leads to a trade creation in total bilateral trade in terms of exports and imports. The analysis further explored that the import creation effect was higher than that of the export creation effect.
Standard- versus High-Dose Dexmedetomidine for Sedation in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Van Berkel Patel Megan , Bolton Spencer , Hamilton Cassie
Published: July 2021

Background: Dexmedetomidine is a commonly used sedative in the intensive care unit (ICU), however the use of higher, off label dosing has yet to be elucidated. A dose limitation protocol was implemented at our institution allowing for comparison of dexmedetomidine doses. Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate time spent within goal Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) range with standard-dosing of dexmedetomidine ≤1 mcg/kg/hour (SD group) compared to high-dose >1 mcg/kg/hour (HD group). Secondary outcomes included days requiring mechanical ventilation, concomitant sedation, and incidence of hypotension or bradycardia. Methods: This retrospective chart review of adult ICU patients at a single academic medical center included patients who required at least 24 hours of mechanical ventilation and received dexmedetomidine monotherapy for at least 4 hours. Patients were excluded for intubations at an outside hospital, continuous neuromuscular blocking infusions, or Glasgow Coma Score ≤4. Results: A total of 144 patients met inclusion criteria (n = 121 SD group and n = 23 HD group). The SD group spent a greater time within goal RASS range compared to the HD group (84.5% [IQR 47–100] vs 45.5% [IQR 30.1–85.4], P = .013). The SD group also had shorter durations of both dexmedetomidine infusion and mechanical ventilation, and required less concomitant sedation. There was no difference in hypotension or bradycardia. Conclusion: This study further adds to the literature that administration of high-dose dexmedetomidine does not appear to confer additional benefit over standard doses for ICU patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Application of this data may support lower institutional maximum doses.
Gender and Social Institutions in the Labour Markets: An Analytical Perspective on the Covid-19 Disruptions in Northeast India
Authors: Doley Padmeswar , Padhan Sarbeswar
Published: July 2021

This article examines the trends and patterns of unpaid work performed by women in India’s North Eastern States and account for the factors that underlie these trends. It uses the two unit-level datasets from the National Sample Survey Office Employment and Unemployment Survey 2011–2012 and Periodic Labour Force Survey 2018–2019. The multinomial regression results found that illiterate and lower social stratum have more chances to engage in unpaid activities. It then explores the impact of COVID-19 on unpaid work activities among women in the northeast states. The telephonic conversation and informal interviews with different regional stakeholders have been substantiated along with the utilisation of the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy report on employment and unemployment for the second quarter of 2020 for nuanced analysis. The study found that women are losing their livelihood very fast during the pandemic and the effects are likely to linger for a more extended period.

JEL Codes: J16, J21, J22, R23
Election Commission, Electoral Democracy and Constitutionalization of Elections in India
Authors: Singh Mayengbam Nandakishwor
Published: July 2021

Amid the debates as to whether India practises democracy in the true fashion, the stupendous role of the Election Commission of India (ECI) clearly exhibits that India adopts at least a robust electoral democracy. Stringent election codes of conduct are imposed on political parties. The ECI ensures that all Indian citizens eligible for political rights exercise their franchise independently. They are sufficiently empowered to choose their representatives. Since the responsibilities of ensuring free and fair elections are shouldered by the Election Commission, there is no doubt that it holds one of the worthiest roles in shaping Indian democracy. This article seeks to examine the changing role of the ECI in building electoral democracy in the country. Most importantly, the present article attempts to examine the noteworthy measures undertaken by the ECI to bolster the electoral democracy in India in the 21st century.
Beautiful and Confident: How Boosting Self-Perceived Attractiveness Reduces Preference Uncertainty in Context-Dependent Choices
Authors: Jiang Zixi , Xu Jing , Gorlin Margaret , Dhar Ravi
Published: July 2021

Despite marketers’ efforts to make consumers feel attractive in many sales and advertising contexts, little is known about how consumers’ self-perceived physical attractiveness influences their decision making. The authors examine whether a boost in consumers’ self-perceived attractiveness influences subsequent choices in domains unrelated to beauty. Across six studies, the authors find converging evidence that a boost in consumers’ self-perceived attractiveness enhances their general self-confidence and reduces preference uncertainty, resulting in less reliance on the choice context and thus fewer choices of compromise, all-average, and default options. The findings further show that consumers use self-confidence as metacognitive information for inferring preference uncertainty in subsequent decisions. This process is a misattribution that can be attenuated when consumers attribute their self-confidence to the self-perceived attractiveness. The article concludes with a discussion of theoretical and managerial implications.
Predictors of traumatic stress symptoms in police personnel exposed to sexual trauma
Authors: Parkes Ruth , Graham-Kevan Nicola , Bryce Jo
Published: July 2021

This article presents findings from a survey which explored exposure to sexual offence material in Police personnel ( N = 384). Factor analysis determined that two types of coping strategies were employed: ‘detachment’ and ‘avoidance’, with a further factor regarding ‘negative coping beliefs’. Two types of adverse impact analogous to post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms were identified: ‘cognitive/affective changes’ and ‘increased suspicion/vigilance’. Multiple regression analysis found that avoidance-based coping strategies, holding negative beliefs about coping, being a parent, and having personally experienced sexual abuse were all predictive of increased levels of traumatic stress symptoms.
Embracing Diversity, Inclusion, Equity and Access in EMI-TNHE: Towards a Social Justice-Centered Reframing of English Language Teaching
Authors: De Costa Peter I , Green-Eneix Curtis , Li Wenjing (Wendy)
Published: July 2021

This editorial piece is the introduction of our special issue on English as a medium of instruction (EMI) and transnational higher education (TNHE). In this piece, we argue for a centering of diversity, inclusion, equity and access in EMI-TNHE as part of a larger agenda to create a more socially just field of English language teaching.
A new gaseous cavitation model in a tilting-pad journal bearing
Authors: Ding Aoshuang , Ren Xiaodong , Li Xuesong , Gu Chunwei
Published: July 2021

With the higher rotational speeds and loads in bearings, the gaseous cavitation becomes more and cannot be ignorable in the bearing designs. However, there is no enough research in non-equilibrium gaseous cavitation model. This paper builds a new gaseous cavitation model based on the Bunsen solubility and bubble dynamics. The equilibrium pressure is calculated by the Bunsen solubility based on the local pressure and its pressure difference with the local pressure decides the cavitation mass transfer rate in this new model for gaseous cavitation. A titling-pad journal bearing at 3000 rpm and under 299 kN load is chosen as the research object with this new model and an original equilibrium model applied. As for the minimum film thickness and bearing force balance, this new model performs in better accordance with the experiment than the equilibrium model. According to the multiphase distributions in the bearing film, the gaseous cavitation rate in this new model can simulate the non-equilibrium processes of dissolution and cavitation under the high rotational speed, which is close to the physical gaseous cavitation process. This new model is developed and applied successfully in tilting-pad journal bearings for simulating the non-equilibrium gaseous cavitation.
Efficacy of tocilizumab in COVID-19: A review of the current evidence
Authors: Alam Walid , Bizri Abdul Rahman
Published: July 2021

As cases of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) keep rising, reported deaths are increasing. Public health measures have been implemented with mixed efficacy. As vaccines are becoming more widely available and accessible globally, treating critically ill COVID-19 patients remains an issue with only dexamethasone found to be therapeutically effective to date. However, trials studying the efficacy of IL-6 inhibitors, namely tocilizumab have been underway with promising results. This paper is a narrative review that aims to review the current evidence provided by randomized clinical trials (RCT) for the use of tocilizumab in COVID-19. Electronic database searches were carried out in Medline, PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and ongoing clinical trial registries with the period set from January 1, 2020 to February 20, 2021. Prepublication manuscripts were found using the pre-print repository medRxiv. Keywords included “COVID-19,”“coronavirus,”“SARS-CoV-2,”“sepsis,”“pneumonia,”“cytokine storm,”“cytokine release syndrome,”“IL-6 inhibitors,” and “tocilizumab,” as exact phrases, and a combination of subject headings according to databases syntax. Only trials with a clear and well-defined methodology, at least 100 patients recruited, and which have had results published either after peer review or in pre-print were included. In hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19, who are hypoxic and have a CRP ≥ 75 mg/L, the current evidence favors the use of a combination of tocilizumab and corticosteroids to reduce mortality, among other clinical benefits. There is also overwhelming evidence of the good safety profile of tocilizumab with only few cases of neutropenia reported with a decrease in infection rates. Tocilizumab is currently thought to work through the inhibition of IL-6 receptors (IL-6R), preventing downstream activation of pro-inflammatory reactions and cytokine release syndrome.
Evolution of initiation rites during the Austronesian dispersal
Authors: Bentley R Alexander , Moritz William R , Ruck Damian J , O’Brien Michael J
Published: July 2021

As adaptive systems, kinship and its accompanying rules have co-evolved with elements of complex societies, including wealth inheritance, subsistence, and power relations. Here we consider an aspect of kinship evolution in the Austronesian dispersal that began from about 5500 BP in Taiwan, reaching Melanesia about 3200 BP, and dispersing into Micronesia by 1500 BP. Previous, foundational work has used phylogenetic comparative methods and ethnolinguistic information to infer matrilocal residence in proto-Austronesian societies. Here we apply Bayesian phylogenetic analyses to a data set on Austronesian societies that combines existing data on marital residence systems with a new set of ethnographic data, introduced here, on initiation rites. Transition likelihoods between cultural-trait combinations were modeled on an ensemble of 1000 possible Austronesian language trees, using Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo (RJ-MCMC) simulations. Compared against a baseline phylogenetic model of independent evolution, a phylogenetic model of correlated evolution between female and male initiation rites is substantially more likely (log Bayes factor: 17.9). This indicates, over the generations of Austronesian dispersal, initiation rites were culturally stable when both female and male rites were in the same state (both present or both absent), yet relatively unstable for female-only rites. The results indicate correlated phylogeographic evolution of cultural initiation rites in the prehistoric dispersal of Austronesian societies across the Pacific. Once acquired, male initiation rites were more resilient than female-only rites among Austronesian societies.
Promoting Generalization of Social Skills to Inclusive Play Settings for Children With Autism and Their Peers
Authors: Raulston Tracy J. , Hansen Sarah G.
Published: July 2021

Children on the autism spectrum often experience difficulty generalizing social skills across environments and contexts, which can make developing friendships challenging in early childhood. This means that, in addition to initial social skills instruction, children with autism may need specialized supports to promote the generalization of newly learned skills to natural inclusive play routines such as unstructured social centers and playdates. In this paper, we describe strategies teachers can employ to promote the generalization of newly learned social skills. Specifically, we describe how social narratives, visual supports, and environmental arrangement, prompting, and praise can be used during social centers and playdates to facilitate setting generalization. When teachers systematically support generalized social skills and behaviors, children will have more opportunities to develop meaningful friendships.
Objective rating of fabric wrinkles via random vector functional link based on the improved salp swarm algorithm
Authors: Zhou Zhiyu , Ma Zijian , Zhu Zefei , Wang Yaming
Published: July 2021

To solve the problem of inefficiency and inaccuracy associated with the classification of fabric wrinkles by human eyes, as well as improve current deficiencies in the application of neural networks for the classification of fabric wrinkles, we propose a model based on the salp swarm algorithm improved by ant lion optimization to optimize the random vector functional link to objectively evaluate the fabric wrinkle level. First, to improve the global searchability of the salp swarm algorithm and avoid the local optima problem, the use of ant lion optimization to improve the salp swarm algorithm is proposed in this study. Afterward, the improved salp swarm algorithm is used to optimize the input weight and hidden layer bias of the random vector functional link to avoid the inaccuracy and instability of random vector functional link classification owing to the randomness of the parameters. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is verified using a fabric wrinkle dataset. Comparative experiments show that the classification accuracy of the proposed ant lion optimization - salp swarm algorithm - random vector functional link algorithm were 8.46%, 2.05%, 10.28%, 3.50%, and 4.42% higher than those of random vector functional link, improved random vector functional link based on salp swarm algorithm, extreme learning machine, improved extreme learning machine based on whale optimization algorithm, and improved backpropagation based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. Furthermore, the classification accuracy of the wrinkle level was effectively improved. All the fabrics used in this study were monochromatic, and multi-color printed fabrics have a significant impact on the difficulty of image processing and classification results. The next research step is to evaluate the wrinkle level of multi-color printed fabrics.
Nasal Septal Perforation Due to Desmopressin Nasal Spray Use
Authors: Brake Daniela A. , Hamilton Grant S. , Bansberg Stephen F.
Published: July 2021

Perforations of the nasal septum have many etiologies and occasionally result from intranasal medicated spray use. This case report describes a perforation related to the use of desmopressin nasal spray, which has not been previously reported in the literature. Clinical considerations presented in this article include appropriate technique of nasal spray application, appropriate monitoring of patients on intranasal sprays, and indications for evaluation by an otolaryngologist. Septal perforation treatment success is improved with an early diagnosis.
Nasopharyngeal Approach to a Cholesterol Granuloma of the Petrous Apex
Authors: Azevedo Sara Raquel , Mendes Gonçalo , Coutinho Miguel Bebiano , Almeida e Sousa Cecília
Published: July 2021

Cholesterol granulomas are rare cystic inflammatory lesions characterized by the formation of cholesterol crystals. They are the most prevalent lesions of the petrous apex and when symptomatic, hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus, headache, and facial pathology can be present. Surgical management is recommended in symptomatic patients. There are different surgical approaches to cholesterol granulomas. The aim of this article is to present and describe an endoscopic endonasal nasopharyngeal approach to a cholesterol granuloma and explain the advantages and disadvantages.
Otolaryngology-Specific Symptoms May Be Highly Observed in Patients With a History of Covid-19 Infection After Inactivated Coronavirus Vaccination
Authors: Avcı Hakan , Karabulut Burak , Eken Hazal Duygu , Faraşoğlu Abdussamet , Çakil Tolga , Çoruk Sedef , Özel Hanife , Kaya Namık Kemal , Özbalta Seva Öztürk
Published: July 2021

Objective:

To evaluate the otolaryngology-specific symptoms that occur after receiving the Covid-19 vaccine and its possible side effects in patients who had Covid-19 infection in the last 6 months before the vaccination.

Patients and Methods:

The study comprised 3383 health care workers who were vaccinated against Covid 19. After excluding, the study was conducted with 1710 (51%) participants who agreed to answer the study questions. The participants were divided into 2 groups according to the history of Covid-19 positivity in the last 6 months before vaccination. The presence of symptoms related to otolaryngology practice, including cough, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sore throat, hearing loss, dizziness, loss of smell, loss of taste, ear pressure, and facial paralysis was recorded.

Results:

The mean age of the study population was 35.79 ± 10.2 (19-71) years and 1454 (85%) of the patients had a history of Covid-19 infection in the last 6 months. Regarding otolaryngology-related symptoms, the most common complaints were rhinorrhea (4.4%), sore throat (3.2%), and nasal congestion (2.9%). The presence of smell and taste loss, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sore throat, and hearing loss was significantly more common in patients with a history of Covid-19 infection.

Conclusions:

The patients with a history of Covid-19 disease might have otolaryngology-specific symptoms more commonly than those without a history of Covid-19 disease in the last 6 months before vaccination.
“When You Come Together and Do Everything, It’ll be Better for Everybody”: Exploring Gender Relations Among Two Southeastern Native American Tribes
Authors: Lilly Jenn , McKinley Catherine E. , Knipp Hannah , Liddell Jessica L.
Published: July 2021

Prior to the imposition of patriarchal colonial norms, Native American (NA) gender relations were characterized as complementary and egalitarian; however, little research has explored gender relations within NA communities today. This study used a community-based critical ethnography to explore contemporary NA gender relations with a purposive sample of 208 individuals from the “Coastal Tribe” and 228 participants from the “Inland Tribe.” After participant observation, interviews, and focus groups were conducted, a collaborative approach to reconstructive analysis was used to identify themes in the data. Within these communities, gender relations tended to reflect egalitarian and cooperative but gendered norms, and participants provided examples of how tribal members are transcending patriarchal colonialism. Through the lens of the Framework of Historical Oppression, Resilience, and Transcendence, we theorize how these gender norms may protect families from risks associated with historical oppression and promote family resilience with implications for research, practice, and policy.
Brief overview of surgical aspect of autologous arterio-venous fistula for dialysis access
Authors: Kashyap Nitin K , Danish Ahmad F , Magatapalli Kishan , Dantis Klein
Published: July 2021

Patients with the end-stage renal disease require renal replacement therapy in renal transplant, peritoneal dialysis, and intermittent hemodialysis. Hemodialysis remains the primary modality for renal replacement therapy. Excellent vascular access is a mainstay for performing hemodialysis. Here we present a brief review of the various surgical aspects of AV fistula creation. Preoperative physical examination and judicious use of the imaging modalities to define the artery and venous mapping provide a good outcome of the fistula formation. Surgical creation of RC-AVF is preferred for the end-stage renal disease patient. The end-to-side anastomosis between the radial artery and cephalic vein has shown very good results.
Agitative pauses, intentional moorings: Stasis as resistance
Authors: Christou Georgina
Published: July 2021

Stasis has reemerged in recent accounts of resistance. In this paper that draws from ethnographic research with a youth antiauthoritarian community in Cyprus and their long-term occupation of a city square, I provide a broader theorization of this multi-semantic concept that has hitherto been missing from accounts on stasis commonly found in literature on the squares movement(s). I argue that stasis constitutes a key form of resistance to modern forms of power by pausing the circulation of capitalism and scheduled time and subverting the production of subjectivities that support such circulation. By drawing on Nicole Loraux’s interpretation of stasis as “movement at rest,” I overturn the negative connotations often associated with stasis as (unwanted) immobility by showing how stasis can be a desired political action that includes forms of mobility and circulation within it. Developing this theorization further, I analyze stasis as a threshold to critical political subjectivization, as productive of ipostasis (existence) that enables the subjects under stasis to appear in political terms and exercise their right to politics. I thus contribute to recent literature on the political potential and existential necessity of occupying practices that allow for a politicizing of the urban everyday.
Sexual harassment and the right to everyday life
Authors: Boyer Kate
Published: July 2021

Freedom from harassment is a basic human right and precondition to mental and physical health. While sexual harassment has become a higher-profile issue in recent years across a range of cultural contexts, including through the global rise of the # MeToo movement and the Everyday Sexism project, this issue has also attracted the attention of policymakers at the highest levels, leading, in the UK, to a Parliamentary Inquiry in 2018 on sexual harassment in public places, and a briefing paper on sexual harassment in higher education from the House of Commons in 2018. All of these highlight the urgent need for both deeper understanding and cultural change on this issue. Meanwhile, sexual harassment constitutes an important area of academic inquiry across a wide range of scholarly fields including psychology, sociology, women’s studies, criminology, law and social policy as well as geography. This article critically reviews key trends in scholarship on sexual harassment in public. It focuses on the spatial contexts of the street, the night-time economy and higher education institutions. A fundamental question of spatial justice, I argue that sexual harassment can be approached through three conceptual lenses: the relational emergence of bodies; the politics of everyday spatial practice; and the ways affects and the atmospheres they generate shape spatial experience. I argue that geographers have a vital role to play in advancing knowledge on this issue, and conclude by outlining a research agenda tracing outlines along which this work might unfold.
Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Keeling Laura E. , Belk John W. , Kraeutler Matthew J. , Kallner Alexandra C. , Lindsay Adam , McCarty Eric C. , Postma William F.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) has emerged as a therapeutic option for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Purpose:

To systematically review the literature to evaluate the efficacy of isolated BMAC injection in the treatment of OA of the knee joint.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A systematic review was performed by searching the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to July 2020 to identify human studies that assessed the clinical outcomes of isolated BMAC injection for the treatment of knee OA. The electronic search strategy used was “bone marrow aspirate concentrate knee osteoarthritis.”

Results:

Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, including a total of 299 knees with a mean follow-up of 12.9 months (range, 6-30 months). Of all patient-reported outcomes assessed across studies, 34 of 36 (94.4%) demonstrated significant improvement from baseline to latest follow-up ( P < .05). Five studies evaluating numerical pain scores (visual analog scale and Numeric Rating Scale) reported significant improvements in pain level at final follow-up ( P < .01). However, 3 comparative studies evaluating BMAC in relation to other therapeutic injections failed to demonstrate the clinical superiority of BMAC.

Conclusion:

The BMAC injection is effective in improving pain and patient-reported outcomes in patients with knee OA at short- to midterm follow-up. Nevertheless, BMAC has not demonstrated clinical superiority in relation to other biologic therapies commonly used in the treatment of OA, including platelet-rich plasma and microfragmented adipose tissue, or in relation to placebo. The high cost of the BMAC injection in comparison with other biologic and nonoperative treatment modalities may limit its utility despite demonstrable clinical benefit.
Post-PhD Researchers’ Trajectories and Networking: The Mediating Role of Writing Conceptions
Authors: Castelló Montserrat , Sala-Bubaré Anna , Pardo Marta
Published: July 2021

The present study used a longitudinal mixed-method design to investigate the relationship between post-PhD researchers’ writing conceptions and their experiences, scholarly trajectory, and networking capabilities. A total of 134 Spanish post-PhD researchers answered the Post-PhD Experience—Survey scales on Academic Writing and Social Support. One year later, a subsample of 21 participated in retrospective multimodal interviews, in which visual methods (Journey and Network Plots) were applied to analyse their writing trajectories during this period of time. The person-centred analysis revealed three post-PhD profiles regarding writing conceptions and evidenced differences among them in the way they participate in the research community and interact with other researchers. Qualitative results suggest the post-PhD researchers in each profile position themselves in the community differently and subsequently engage in distinctive writing experiences. The study provides evidence of how writer profiles appear to mediate trajectories and networking, something not evident when using only sectional designs. Relational agency is revealed to be an important aspect of productive writers. Pedagogical implications are discussed, particularly the need to promote writers’ awareness on how their writing conceptions intertwine with their strategic management of research writing practices in different contexts.
A Survey of People With Parkinson’s and Their Carers: The Management of Pain in Parkinson’s
Authors: Naisby Jenni , Amjad Anneesa , Ratcliffe Natasha , Yarnall Alison J. , Rochester Lynn , Walker Richard , Baker Katherine
Published: July 2021

Background:

Pain in Parkinson’s is problematic but under treated in clinical practice. Healthcare professionals must understand the impact of pain in Parkinson’s and patient preferences for management.

Objective:

To understand the impact of pain in Parkinson’s and to understand current management and preferences for pain management.

Methods:

We conducted a national survey with 115 people with Parkinson’s (PwP) and 10 carers. Both closed and open questions were used. The questions focused on how pain affected the individual, healthcare professional involvement in supporting pain management, current pain management strategies and views on future pain management interventions. We used descriptive statistics to summarize closed responses and thematic analysis to summarize open question responses.

Results:

70% of participants reported pain impacted their daily life. Pain had a multifactorial impact on participants, affecting movement, mood and quality of life. Improved pain management was viewed to have the potential to address each of these challenges. Pain affected a number of different sites, with low back pain and multiple sites being most frequently reported. Exercise was the most frequently noted strategy (38%) recommended by healthcare professionals for pain management. PwP would value involvement from healthcare professionals for future pain management, but also would like to self-manage the condition. Medication was not suggested as a first line strategy.

Conclusions:

Despite reporting engagement in some strategies to manage pain, pain still has a wide-ranging impact on the daily life of PwP. Results from this survey highlight the need to better support PwP to manage the impact of pain.
Shared strategic reflection process by a higher education institution: A case study
Authors: García-Feijoo María , Alcaniz Leire , Eizaguirre Almudena
Published: July 2021

Business schools face social, economic, cultural, and technological changes that require constant rethinking not only of teaching and learning, but also of leadership and management. In contrast to traditional strategic planning models, this article proposes a new participatory approach for the university community, arriving at a common story and visualizing an exciting future for the school. Applying case study methodology, the paper describes a process of shared strategic reflection at a century-old European business school by following Otto Scharmer's Theory U. The process enabled achievement of shared definitions of vision, values, lines of progress, and strategic projects, and the study itself improved the participants’ perception of the process and its impact on a shared vision's generation. After process implementation, and as a general conclusion, Theory U contributed to promoting shared strategic reflection, with results that are very valuable in the highly uncertain, challenging environment in which business schools are immersed.
Introduction au numéro spécial: Le cumul d’emplois en Europe
Authors: Conen Wieteke , Schulze Buschoff Karin
Published: July 2021

Dans un certain nombre de pays européens, les situations de cumul d’emplois ont clairement tendance à se multiplier. Mais à l’heure actuelle, on sait peu de choses sur la structure et les conséquences potentielles de ce phénomène, notamment en termes de qualité du travail et de protection sociale. Ce numéro spécial est consacré aux formes contemporaines du cumul d’emplois en Europe. La structure, la nature et la dynamique de ces cumuls d’emplois ont-elles évolué au fil du temps? Quels rôles la flexibilité du marché du travail, les changements technologiques et la fragmentation du travail jouent-ils dans la multiplication des cumuls d’emplois? Et les travailleurs cumulant plusieurs emplois bénéficient-ils de conditions d’emploi et de protections adéquates et similaires à celles des autres travailleurs, ou sont-ils moins bien lotis du fait de leur situation d’emploi (fragmentée)? Quelles sont les implications de ces constats pour les syndicats, les décideurs politiques et au niveau de la réglementation du travail? Les différents articles de ce numéro spécial viennent enrichir la littérature sur les formes d’emploi émergentes à l’ère numérique et les défis à relever en matière de protection sociale, notamment à la lumière de la pandémie de COVID-19. La présente introduction propose de lancer les principaux débats sur la question du cumul d’emplois et elle présente un aperçu des articles réunis dans ce numéro.
Doctoral Preparation Programs in Educational Administration: The Status of Reform in Four Midwestern Universities
Authors: McDaniel Randy , Furtwengler Willis J. , Furtwengler Carol B.
Published: July 2021

This study examined reform in educational administration preparation pro grams. A review of literature and telephone interviews with key informants at four exem plar universities identified benchmarks to assess the degree of reform at four doctoral granting Midwestern universities. Multiple methods of inquiry included (a) document re view of programmatic information, (b) telephone interviews with personnel at exemplar programs, (c) personal interviews with twenty-one of twenty-three professors at the four institutions, and (d) four focus groups that included fifty-two students enrolled at the in stitutions. Three major themes emerged from analysis of data: political, professorial, and curricular. These themes provide the framework that describes the extent to which four composite universities have reformed their programs. The four universities ranged from isolation in reform efforts to institutionalization of reform efforts. The article con cludes with considerations for those seeking to reform educational administration preparation programs, discusses the significance of the findings and their relationship to the change process, and identifies needs for future research.
Assessment of Coagulation and Hemostasis Biomarkers in a Subset of Patients With Chronic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Miller Maureen J. , Maier Cheryl L. , Duncan Alexander , Guarner Jeannette
Published: July 2021

Measurement of a single marker of coagulation may not provide a complete picture of hemostasis activation and fibrinolysis in patients with chronic cardiovascular diseases. We assessed retrospective orders of a panel which included prothrombin fragment 1.2 (PF1.2), thrombin: antithrombin complexes, fibrin monomers, and D-dimers in patients with heart assist devices, cardiomyopathies, atrial fibrillation and intracardiac thrombosis (based on ordering ICD-10 codes). During 1 year there were 117 panels from 81 patients. Fifty-six (69%) patients had heart assist devices, cardiomyopathy was present in 17 patients (21%) and 29 patients (36%) had more than 1 condition. PF1.2 was most frequently elevated in patients with cardiomyopathy (61.1%) compared to those with cardiac assist devices (15.7%; P = 0.0002). D-dimer elevation was more frequent in patients with cardiac assist devices (98.8%) compared to those patients with cardiomyopathy (83.3%; P = 0.014). Patients with cardiomyopathy show increases of PF1.2 suggesting thrombin generation. In contrast, elevations of D-dimers without increase in other coagulation markers in patients with cardiac assist devices likely reflect the presence of the intravascular device and not necessarily evidence of hemostatic activation.
Orientation order parameters and effective conductivity of a 2-D solid with partially disordered array of circular inhomogeneities
Authors: Kushch Volodymyr I , Sevostianov Igor
Published: July 2021

The paper focuses on the quantitative characterization of the microstructure of a two-dimensional heterogeneous solid with circular inhomogeneities that may vary from perfectly periodic arrangement to completely random one. This characterization is linked to the calculation of the effective conductivity of the material. The partially disordered system of disks is generated in the framework of the representative unit cell model using Metropolis algorithm. The orientation order metrics are taken as the structural parameters providing a quantitative measure of disorder, and their variation caused by the gradual disordering of the periodic system is assessed. The effective conductivity of the heterogeneous solid with partially disordered microstructure is evaluated by the multipole expansion method. It is shown that effective conductivity cannot be fully characterized by only one orientation order metric, and the required additional ones are identified.
An investigation of musical “boundary crossers”
Authors: Hill Stuart Chapman
Published: July 2021

With the intent of informing the practice of music teachers navigating “multi-musicality” in their classrooms, this qualitative study, employing case study and narrative research tools, investigates the experiences of three musical “boundary crossers”—professional musicians whose work traverses the popular–classical divide. Three questions guided the inquiry: (a) How do professional musicians describe the experience of boundary crossing from one musical domain to another? (b) What musical skills do these professionals find valuable for their work in various domains, and what skills have they acquired or adapted in crossing musical boundaries? and (c) How does working in one musical domain influence work in another? Each participant navigates the balance between and the integration of their classical and popular musicianship(s) differently. All acknowledge that classical training, although it may afford some advantages, also can be a hindrance for individuals pursuing the creation and performance of music in a popular domain. Findings point to the need for functional piano skills, practical application of ear training, and development of a musical value set that includes “focused simplicity.” The findings have implications for how preservice teachers develop musical versatility, enabling them to respond to students’ varied interests and needs.
The effect of the convective momentum transfer on the acoustic boundary condition of perforated liners with grazing mean flow
Authors: Schulz Anita , Ronneberger Dirk , Weng Chenyang , Bake Friedrich
Published: July 2021

The interaction of sound with sound-permeable hard walls subjected to grazing mean flow is investigated with a focus on the sound-induced exchange of streamwise momentum between the mean flow and the wall. Two generic wall types have to be distinguished, the homogeneously permeable wall and the wall with clearly separated openings, which is a more realistic model of technically feasible walls. To begin with, the focus is on the shear stress that drives the dynamics of the shearing mean flow over the homogeneous wall. This is analyzed by means of two simple mathematical models of shear stress diffusion, which come as two equivalent pairs of differential equations either for the acoustic shear stress and the wall-normal displacement, or for the streamwise and the wall-normal components of the acoustic velocity. The physical analysis is concentrated on the relation between shear stress and the wall-normal displacement of the fluid elements, which determines the effective admittance of the wall. The shear stress is represented by the momentum transfer impedance which is defined as the ratio between the acoustic wall shear stress and the in-wall velocity evaluated at the wall. It turns out that the strong increase of the acoustic wall shear stress due to transfer of mean flow momentum to the wall is the dominating mechanism which affects the effective admittance of the wall. Nevertheless, the suitability of the momentum transfer impedance as part of a complete boundary condition of the wall is questioned. The disagreement between the predicted momentum transfer impedance and some rare experimental data obtained with real inhomogeneous walls is considered as a strong indication that some further mechanisms are invoked by the inhomogeneity of real walls which are briefly discussed with regard to future studies.