bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cartesian Egalitarianism: From Poullain de la Barre to Rancière
Authors: SHAW DEVIN ZANE
Published: April 2017

This essay presents an overview of what I call “Cartesian egalitarianism,” a current of political thought that runs from François Poullain de la Barre, through Simone de Beauvoir, to Jacques Rancière. The impetus for this egalitarianism, I argue, is derived from Descartes’ supposition that “good sense” or “reason” is equally distributed among all people. Although Descartes himself limits the egalitarian import of this supposition, I claim that we can nevertheless identify three features of this subsequent tradition or tendency. First, Cartesian egalitarians think political agency as a practice of subjectivity. Second, they share the supposition that there is an equality of intelligences and abilities shared by all human beings. Third, these thinkers conceptualize politics as a processing of a wrong, meaning that politics initiates new practices through which those who were previously oppressed assert themselves as self-determining political subjects.
I Bury the Dead: Poe, Heidegger, and Morbid Literature
Authors: HUTCHINSON DARREN
Published: April 2017

This essay investigates the way in which dying and dead bodies resist poetic incorporation and the way in which such bodies can be fugitively attested to through fictive prose. It examines Heidegger's treatment of dead and dying bodies from Being and Time to his later work on poetry and language, and it offers as a counterpoint another mode of addressing these bodies found in the fiction of Poe. It also shows how even the poetry of Trakl, heralded by Heidegger as an exemplar of poetic address, can be fruitfully understood in prosaic terms, terms which more faithfully reveal both the content of his poetry itself as well as the true nature of the wounds of dying life.
Affect and Revolution: On Baldwin and Fanon
Authors: DRABINSKI JOHN E.
Published: April 2017

This essay explores a philosophical encounter between Frantz Fanon and James Baldwin framed by the problem of the affect of shame. In particular, this essay asks how the affect of shame functions simultaneously as the accomplishment of regimes of anti-black racism and the site of transformative, revolutionary consciousness. Shame threatens the formation of subjectivity, as well as, and as an extension of, senses of home and belonging. How are we to imagine another subjectivity, another relation to home, and so another kind of social and political order? For both Fanon and Baldwin, imagining the future requires an engagement with memory and history that purges black subjects of shame. The two thinkers part ways at that moment, however, with Fanon advocating a forgetting of abject history and Baldwin arguing for a retrieval of meaning and place won through pain and suffering. At the heart of this parting of ways, then, lies a conflict over the meaning of history across the black diaspora and its relation to cultural production, which, in turn, reflects important, differing conceptions of home.
Social Shame vs. Private Shame: A Real Dichotomy?
Authors: SÁNCHEZ ALBA MONTES
Published: April 2017

In the many studies of shame that have been carried out in several disciplines during the past years, shame has generally been understood as an emotion that bears importantly on our sense of self and has crucial implications for ethics. While most accounts of shame agree on several core aspects, notably taking shame to be an emotion of negative self-assessment, one main area of disagreement focuses on the question of whether shame is a social or a private emotion: whether it is essentially anxiety about the way others judge us, or rather about our faults or inadequacies as perceived and judged by ourselves. In my view, however, the dichotomy arises as a result of conceiving the moral self in restrictive terms, but phenomenology can offer a more adequate picture, that allows us to take into account and fully articulate both dimensions. Both the social and the private are necessary to understand this emotion and its special relevance for selfhood and ethics. My aim in this paper is therefore to challenge this dichotomy and point towards self-revelation as the essential feature of this emotion.
The Colonization of Significance and the Future of the Nation: Fanon, Derrida, and Democracy-to-Come
Authors: HOFF SHANNON
Published: April 2017

Frantz Fanon’s theoretical and practical challenge is to identify how self-determination is possible for a subject whose agency and significance have, through colonization, been appropriated and shaped by others, a challenge to which he responds with the invocation of “national consciousness.” In this paper I describe this national consciousness and show how its exclusivity paradoxically establishes the ground for a kind of international or universal inclusiveness. I differentiate this inclusiveness from the universality of Western political ideals, which Fanon challenges, and conclude by discussing how the tension between nation and internationalism in Fanon is illuminated by Jacques Derrida’s discussion of the idea of democracy and particular democracies in Rogues.
The Making of Phenomenology as an Autonomous Discipline
Authors: SACRINI MARCUS
Published: April 2017

The present article analyses the transformation of the first version of phenomenology, introduced by Husserl in the Prolegomena to Pure Logic (1900), into the transcendental phenomenology as outlined in Introduction to Logic and Theory of Knowledge (1906-7). First, it is argued that phenomenology was initially conceived as a discipline that should clarify the legitimacy of the objective constructions of pure logic by relating them to the corresponding subjective acts of thought. Then, it is shown that Husserl acknowledges that this first investigation is dependent on pure logic, and that he gradually extends the phenomenological tasks so as to develop an autonomous universal science of pure consciousness, committed to exploring the totality of the experience of the world. However, it is suggested, in the conclusion, that the problem of the dependence on pure logic is not completely solved in 1906-7.
The "Present Referent": Nonhuman Animal Sacrifice and the Constitution of Dominant Albertan Identity
Authors: Montford Kelly Struthers
Published: April 2017

In the summer of 2012, “meat” themed posters were hung throughout the city of Edmonton, Alberta. A textual analysis of three of the posters from this collection revels that the concept of sacrifice (Derrida, The Animal) is more appropriate to describe “meat”-eating in Alberta than the concept of the absent referent (Adams, Sexual Politics of Meat). These posters celebrate the consumption of “meat” and unabashedly make evident the living animal origins of “meat.” I argue that that the prominence of the cattle industry relative to Alberta’s economy, and its ties to the production and reproduction of dominant Albertan identity negate the requirement of the absent referent. The consumption of “beef” is largely considered an expression of loyalty to the region, and as a means to preserve Alberta’s (imagined) heritage (Blue, “If it ain’t Alberta”; Korniek). The noncriminal putting to death of nonhuman animals can instead be understood as symbolic and literal sacrifices in the constitution of dominant Albertan identity and economy (Derrida, The Animal). As such, this paper makes an intervention into ecofeminist literature as well as vegan literature written for mainstream populations that employ the absent referent in the aim of countering “meat”-eating practices (Adams, Sexual Politics of Meat, Pornography of Meat; Foer; Freedman and Barnounin; Joy; Robbins; Singer).
Domination and Consumption: An Examination of Veganism, Anarchism, and Ecofeminism
Authors: Werkheiser Ian
Published: April 2017

Anarchism provides a useful set of theoretical tools for understanding and resisting our culture’s treatment of non-human animals. However, some points of disagreement exist in anarchist discourse, such as the question of veganism. In this paper I will use the debate around veganism as a way of exploring the anarchist discourse on non-human animals, how that discourse can benefit more mainstream work on non-human animals, and how work coming out of mainstream environmental discourse, in particular the ecofeminist work of Val Plumwood, can likewise benefit anarchist thought. Ultimately I will show that anarchism and some of the more radical strains of environmental philosophy such as ecofeminism can greatly contribute to each other and to Critical Animal Studies.
La bête, Dieu sans l’être. La déconstruction derridienne peut-elle fonder une communauté politique et morale entre vivants humains et non humains?
Authors: Llored Patrick
Published: April 2017

Book Symposium on Gary Steiner's Animals and the Limits of Postmodernism. New York: Columbia University Press, 2013.
“Postmodernism,” Politics, and Pigs
Authors: Dutkiewicz Jan
Published: April 2017

Book Symposium on Gary Steiner's Animals and the Limits of Postmodernism. New York: Columbia University Press, 2013.
Dead Memories: Heidegger, Stiegler, and the Technics of Books and Libraries
Authors: Tkach David
Published: April 2017

In this paper, I attempt to understand Heidegger’s conception of technology in light of Stiegler’s critique of that conception, anchored in a discussion of books and libraries as technological artefacts. I argue, following Stiegler, that Heidegger did not adequately take into account the inherent technological character of the means by which Dasein’s heritage is transmitted to subsequent generations. Stiegler’s concept of epiphylogenesis—dead matter externally organized to support living, internal memory and instantiated in books and libraries—is therefore a useful supplement to the Heideggerian account of the transmission of heritage. I examine the points where Heidegger mentions books and/or libraries in three exemplary texts from the beginning, middle, and end of his career, indicating at each point how Stiegler’s thought can supplement that of Heidegger. I conclude with a brief discussion of David Mitchell’s novel Cloud Atlas, considered as a paradigmatic example of Stiegler’s conceptual framework.
Bad Reputations: Memory, Corporeality, and the Limitations of Hacking’s Looping Effects
Authors: Berkhout Suze
Published: April 2017

Decades after Foucault’s Birth of the Clinic and History of Madness, the role of medicine in producing and sustaining classifications continues to be topical, as scholars have continued to critique normalizing judgments embedded in the practices of medicine, which stabilize identity categories within health care settings. A significant contributor to this area of scholarship, Ian Hacking has articulated a productive and extremely influential account of how certain “kinds” of people emerge hand-in-hand with the categories that are meant to classify them, examining not only medical practices, but a wide range of governmental, scientific, and cultural institutions that contribute to kind-making. In this paper, I examine limitations to Hacking’s looping effects thesis, in an effort to further explore how kind-making may be embodied through intersections of subjectivity, social identity, and the practices of medicine. Employing a field study of HIV/AIDS care in Vancouver, Canada, I push at some of the boundaries of Hacking’s account, attempting to add complexity and nuance by bringing to bear considerations of memory, resistance, and embodiment on the process of looping.
Claros e escuros:
Authors: Barros Laan Mendes de , Veloso Neto Solon Barbosa
Published: April 2017

A problemática da violência no Brasil no contexto da sociedade midiatizada brasileira, com ênfase na questão racial. Seus desdobramentos no universo dos meios de comunicação que podem ser entendidas como violência midiática. Os processos de urbanização, de midiatização da sociedade e de aumento da violência direta que envolve minorias políticas da população estão entrelaçados. Esse quadro está relacionado à construção da identidade nacional. Violência, identidade e alteridade são aqui estudadas a partir do campo da Comunicação. O texto não apresenta soluções, mas levanta problemas entre mídia e violência, que são vitais para indivíduos e grupos sociais.
Signos rebeldes:
Authors: Souza Antonio José de , Souza Luciana Coutinho Pagliarini de
Published: April 2017

Este artigo, recorte de dissertação em desenvolvimento, traz como foco a vinheta de abertura dos vídeos do grupo ciberativista Anonymous. O objetivo é compreender o potencial desse signo de gerar sentidos. Para compor o quadro teórico, um estudo sobre a violência sob o ponto de vista do filósofo Slavoj Žižek será o ponto de partida; a abordagem de Michel Maffesoli sobre o tribalismo e a importância da imagem para os grupos sociais também é requisitada. Para análise da vinheta, a metodologia tem amparo na semiótica peirceana; tal escolha se justifica pela possibilidade oferecida por essa teoria de aprofundamento nas camadas de sentido das representações. A relevância deste trabalho em consonância com a contemporaneidade está em propor reflexões sobre o potencial de sentidos advindos da representação desses grupos nascidos nas redes virtuais, o Anonymous em destaque.
Effect of Media Synchronization Module on Learning Achievement of the Software Engineering Students of Vocational High School
Authors: Agus Muhammad Chusni , Mukhadis Amat , Sutadji Eddy
Published: April 2017

This research aims at examining the effect of media synchronization module, mechanical aptitude, and prior knowledge on learning achievement of eleven grade students of the Software Engineering (RekayasaPerangkatLunak/RPL) Programin Vocational High School 5 at Malang, East Java, Indonesia. This quasi-experimental research used factorial design of 2x2x2 pattern and applied the non-equivalent control group design. It involved 74 students who were divided into two groups; 37 students were in the experimental group and 37 students were in the control group. Tests were used to investigate the studentsâ€™ mechanical aptitude, prior knowledge and learning achievement. Data were analyzed by using three-way ANOVA. The results of the research showed that: 1) There was a significant difference in the learning achievement of the group taught by using media synchronization module and those who were taught by using the conventional method; 2) there was no significant difference in the learning achievement in the C++ Programming between students who had high and low mechanical aptitude; 3) there was a significant difference in the learning achievement in C++ Programming between students who had high and low prior knowledge; and 4) there was no significant interaction among media synchronization module, mechanical aptitude, and prior knowledge on the learning achievement with C++ Programming.
Francis Cook steps down after long and distinguished service with the Ottawa Field-Naturalists’ Club and the Canadian Field-Naturalist
Authors: Catling Paul , Brunton Dan , Saarela Jeff , Pope Frank
Published: April 2017

Francis Cook steps down after long and distinguished service with the Ottawa Field-Naturalists’ Club and the Canadian Field-Naturalist
The effect of bull sire provenance on production traits of Simmental cows
Authors: Pantelic Vlada , Petrovic Milan , Ostojic-Andric Dusica , Maksimovic Nevena , Niksic Dragan , Lazarevic Marina , Kostic Sasa
Published: April 2017

The aim of the present study was to obtain relevant results related to the
basic indicators of fertility and milk yield of Simmental cows, in production
conditions on farms of agricultural producers, using appropriate mathematical
and statistical procedures, i.e. to determine the influence of bull sires
originating from Serbia, Austria and Germany on the implementation of the
main breeding program and improvement of production traits of Simmental cows
on the territory of Sumadija district. The study of the effect of bull sires
who are originally from Serbia, Austria and Germany on performance traits of
Simmental cows included a total of 303 cows in first three lactations. Milk
production of cows descendents of bulls from the German population was higher
compared with the production of cows originating from Austria in the first
lactation by 58.29 kg and in the third by 67.72 kg, but in the second it was
lower by 12.31 kg. The variability of age at first calving ranged from 766.93
(cows progeny of domestic bulls) to 813.06 days (cows progeny Austrian
bulls). Average duration of service period had the interval of variation of
86.80 in cows from domestic bulls in the third lactation to 109.88 days in
cows originating from Austrian bulls in the first lactation.
Genetic polymorphism detection in bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) gene related to fecundity in two Egyptian sheep breeds
Authors: El Fiky , Hassan Gamal , Nassar Mohamed
Published: April 2017

This study was intended to detect the polymorphism of bone morphogenetic
protein 15 (BMP15) gene that can act as marker influencing fertility for
increasing litter size in Egyptian sheep breeds (191 Saidi and 145 Ossimi
females). In this study, the mean litter size, showed highly significant
between Saidi and Ossimi sheep breads, however, litter size of Saidi white
sheep was significantly decreased compared to black and brown. Blood samples
were collected from 19 Saidi and 13 Ossimi female and then genomic DNA was
extracted. A portion of bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) gene, 310 bp
was amplified using specific primers, and was sequenced and analyzed to
clarify the phylogenetic relationship of Egyptian breed sheep. The data
suggested that the gene shared a similarity in sequence compared to 9
accession numbers of Ovis aries found in GenBank. Molecular phylogenetic
analyses were performed based on nucleotide sequences in order to examine the
position of the Egyptian breeds among many other sheep breeds. The results
indicate that 5 accession numbers of Ovis aries are closely related with
Ossimi and Saidi female that produce single or twins lamb in UPGMA analysis.
In addition, PCR-RFLP method using Pst1 and Msp1 restriction enzymes was used
to mask polymorphisms of partial exon 2 in 18 female sheep. Results showed
that FecX gene was monomorphic and disagreement with litter size, therefore,
it is indispensable to survey other gene in order to establish marker
assisted selection technique.
Qualitative properties of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) from aquaculture facility in Bitola region (Macedonia)
Authors: Blazhekovikj-Dimovska Dijana , Sivakova Biljana
Published: April 2017

The main goal of this research was to determine the qualitative properties of
the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) from aquaculture
facility - salmonid fishpond Strezhevo which is situated in Bitola region
(Republic of Macedonia). The qualitative properties of the rainbow trout are
established by determination of the chemical and the fatty acid composition
of the fish meat, the energy value of the meat and the microbiological
analysis for the total number of microorganisms on fish skin and presence of
Salmonella sp. and Listeria monocytogenes. The main purpose of the research
produced additional analyzes that determine the physical - chemical
properties and also a microbiological analysis of the water in which the
rainbow trout resides, the chemical composition of feed used for feeding of
the rainbow trout, the condition factor (CF) and the feed conversion. The
results obtained during the examination of the chemical composition of the
rainbow trout meat from the fishpond Strezhevo determined the mean value of
74.533% water, 20.600% protein, 3.366% fat and 1.38% ash. The energy value of
the meat was 484.635 kJ/100 g. Considering the results of the fatty acid
composition of the rainbow trout from the fishpond Strezhevo, it can be
concluded that the content of the saturated fatty acids (SFA) is 20.303%, the
monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) is 52.359% and the polyunsaturated fatty
acids (PUFA) is 27.268%. In terms of the amount of n-6 fatty acids, it is
20.180%, while the amount of n-3 is 7.088%.
Assessment of dry season garden egg production among small-scale farmers in Edu Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Omotesho Olubunmi , Muhammad-Lawal Abdulazeez , Amolegbe Khadijat , Abubakar Tauheed
Published: April 2017

The study was carried out for the purpose of assessing dry season garden egg
production among small-scale farmers in Edu Local Government Area of Kwara
State. The study adopted a snowballing sampling technique to sample 120
small-scale garden egg farmers. Five research questions were formulated to
achieve the objectives of this research work. Descriptive statistics, cost
and return analysis and OLS regression were used to analyze data collected.
Cost and return analysis shows that the total revenue generated from the
sales of irrigated garden egg produce for a typical farmer was N 36,596.5k
while the total fixed cost (depreciated) and variable input cost amounted to
1,279.22K to give a net farm income (NFI) of N 24,582.68k. The OLS regression
results revealed that the coefficients of farm size and household size were
positive and significant at the 1% and 10% levels of probability
respectively. This implies that an increase in farm size by 1 ha will
increase the production of dry season garden egg by 1 percent. While the
results of stochastic production frontier estimate show that the parameters
of labour, fertilizer and farm size were highly significant, chemical use was
significant at 10% level. This result implies that the farmers were
technically efficient in the use of labour, fertilizer, chemical and farm
size. Therefore, it is recommended that farmers should be encouraged to form
cooperative societies, whereby they can join their resources together to
provide a cost-effective irrigation system. Also, government authorities and
other non-governmental organizations are encouraged to give farmers
fertilizers and other chemicals at subsidized rates. There is a need for
revitalization of the marketing board in Nigeria to further strengthen the
marketing of agricultural produce and reduce marketing, storage and
transportation problems.
Aspects historiques et scientifiques de l’utilisation de l’analyse du discours en recherches sociales
Authors: Mladenovic Ivica
Published: April 2017

L?analyse du discours concerne un champ de recherche specifique, qui s?est
cree en France au cours des annees 1960, en reponse aux lacunes de l?analyse
du contenu initial importee des Etats-Unis quelques annees avant. Dans la
premiere partie, nous traitons des caracteristiques de base du discours et
la comprehension de l?analyse du discours dans la recherche sociale. La
deuxieme partie est consacree aux grandes traditions de recherche
(nationales) dans le cadre de l?analyse du discours, avec une reference
particuliere a la contribution de la soidisant: ?l?ecole francaise?. Cet
article represente une observation introductrice en vue d?un prochain
article qui traitera des principes theoriques et methodologiques de
l?analyse du discours.
Neoliberal deregulation as biopolitical paradigm of contemporary capitalist society
Authors: Kuzmancev-Stanojevic Sonja
Published: April 2017

The main task of this paper consists in the analysis of neoliberal
deregulation as biopolitical paradigm of contemporary capitalist society. The
paper starts from the premise that the political strategy of deregulation
clearly can be unmasked as a change of direction and the domain of government
intervention or as some kind of re-regulation which implies a shift from
state interventionism towards management that enables market. The neoliberal
premise of deregulation does not imply a lack of government intervention in
general, but rather a lack of government intervention in the economy while
providing the same (market) economy to prosper. However, this is not (just)
the result of actually existing neoliberalism, which would in practice of its
implementation significantly departed from what could be called a postulates
of neoliberal theory.Following the arguments of Michel Foucault, it becomes
clear that neoliberalism is already in its theoretical and conceptual core a
new technology of government, given that significantly departs from the
political principles of the release of the market to operate as a
self-regulatory mechanism, or the liberal premise of laissez-faire. This
shift does not imply a change just in the economy of liberalism as much as in
the liberalism as art of governing or governmentality doctrine. At the same
time, the paper stresses that, despite the erosion of national sovereignty,
biopolitical organization of power over life in the era of neoliberalism is
not disappeared, but has taken on a new global and hegemonic form. It is not
more biopolitics of single population, which has a clearly delimited border.
It is now the overall organization of power over life, one that govern
?without government?, because it is handled by human aspirations, wishes,
happiness, fears, etc., internalizing as a global common sense,
unquestionable modus vivendi and the global regime of truth.
Appraisal of political culture of the members of political parties in Vojvodina
Authors: Nesic Ana , Lazar Zolt
Published: April 2017

The political culture of a society is an important indicator of the situation
and relations in that society, whether it manifests itself as a diffuse
support for the political system, or as a way of establishing and maintaining
the rules of political behavior. This paper analyzes the results of the study
of political culture in six towns in Vojvodina, as specific multicultural
environment. The aim of the research is to examine the political culture and
its differences between cities, different standards of living, different
occupations and relationships to religion. Political culture is examined
through two indicators: trust in the system and trust in politics, on a
sample of 406 party members, elected according to the numbers in city
councils. The results showed that the political culture is servile, with
elements of participatory, and that there are differences in the measured
dimensions.
Ferrule-Effect Dominates Over Use of a Fiber Post When Restoring Endodontically Treated Incisors: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Magne P , Lazari PC , Carvalho MA , Johnson T , Del Bel Cury AA
Published: April 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the restoration of broken-down endodontically treated incisors with the ferrule effect using glass ceramic crowns bonded to composite resin core buildups with or without a fiber post. A no-ferrule group with post was also included for comparison.

Methods and Materials: Thirty decoronated endodontically treated bovine incisors with a 2-mm ferrule were restored with a direct buildup using a nanohybrid direct composite resin (Miris 2 and Optibond FL) with or without a glass-fiber–reinforced post. An additional group of 15 teeth without a ferrule were restored with buildup and a fiber post. All teeth were prepared to receive bonded glass ceramic crowns (e.max CAD luted with Variolink Esthetic DC) and were subjected to accelerated fatigue testing. Cyclic isometric loading was applied to the incisal edge at an angle of 30° and a frequency of 5 Hz, beginning with a load of 100 N (×5000 cycles). A 100 N load increase was applied each 15,000 cycles. Specimens were loaded until failure or to a maximum of 1000 N (×140,000 cycles). Groups were compared using the Kaplan Meier survival analysis (log rank test at p=0.05).

Results: None of the tested specimens withstood all 140,000 load cycles. Specimens with posts but without a ferrule were affected by an initial failure phenomenon (wide gap at the lingual margin between the buildup/crown assembly and the root). There was a significant difference in mean survived cycles between the ferrule groups (Fp=73,332× and FNp=73,244×) and the no-ferrule group (50,121×; p=0.001). The addition of a fiber post was not significant in the presence of the ferrule (p=0.884). In both groups with posts, 100% of failures were unrestorable. The no-post group had 47% of restorable and possibly restorable failures.

Conclusions: The survival of broken-down nonvital incisors was improved by the presence of the ferrule but not by the fiber-reinforced post. Fiber posts were always detrimental to the failure mode and were not able to compensate for the absence of a ferrule.
Masking Colored Substrates Using Monolithic and Bilayer CAD-CAM Ceramic Structures
Authors: Basso GR , Kodama AB , Pimentel AH , Kaizer MR , Bona A Della , Moraes RR , Boscato N
Published: April 2017

Objective: To evaluate the masking ability and translucency of monolithic and bilayer CAD-CAM ceramic structures.

Methods: Discs of high translucency (HT) and low translucency (LT) lithium disilicate–based ceramic (IPS e.max CAD) with different thicknesses (0.7, 1, 1.5, and 2 mm) were evaluated as a monolithic structure or combined (bilayer) with a 0.5-mm-thick zirconia framework (IPS e.max ZirCAD). The masking ability and translucency were calculated based on CIE L*a*b* color coordinates measured with a spectrophotometer (SP60, X-Rite). The translucency parameter (TP) was calculated using color coordinates measured over standard white-and-black backgrounds. The masking ability was calculated by CIEDE2000 color difference metric (ΔE00) for each specimen measured over a tooth-colored substrate (shade A2) compared to three darker backgrounds (shade C4 and two metal substrates). Confidence intervals (CI) for the means (95% CI) were calculated for TP and ΔE00. The Pearson correlation between ΔE00 and TP was investigated for monolithic and bilayer structures over all backgrounds.

Results: The thinner the lithium disilicate layer, the greater the translucency and the higher the ΔE00 values. The effect of ceramic thickness on both translucency and masking ability was more pronounced for the monolithic structures. In addition, monolayers always presented a greater color variation than their bilayer counterparts. The metallic background produced greater ΔE00 than the C4-shaded substrate.

Conclusion: Monolithic veneers were able to mask C4-shaded background but did not mask metallic backgrounds. Bilayer structures showed greater shade masking ability than monolithic structures.
Virtual visits: Friend or foe of patient-centred care?
Authors: Mcgrail Kim
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

BackgroundPatient-initiated virtual visit consultations in primary care are a new form of care that is increasingly available in parts of Canada. There is a need to develop an understanding of patient perspectives on virtual visits and how they affect patient experience, access to care, and health services utilization patterns from a system perspective. This paper will shed some light on this new form of patient care delivery.

ApproachWe accessed fee-for-service physician payment data, patient and physician demographic data, and PharmaNet prescription data, from 2010/11–2013/14. We examined overall utilization of GP virtual visits defined by BC physician billing codes to understand the characteristics of providers and patients providing and using these services. We assessed the relationship of virtual visits with other types of care including referrals to specialist services, medication prescribing, and overall costs of physician care. We used a matched cohort and time series analysis to answer the question of whether virtual visits displace or add to other forms of patient care.

ResultsWhile the growth in virtual visits has been rapid in BC, these services still represent a very small proportion of overall primary care. There are patient users in urban and rural regions of BC, but less than 1% of the BC population has had a virtual visit. Users of virtual visits tend to be younger and use is more likely for people with one or more major conditions (measured by ADGs). Only 144 primary care GPs (out of close to 5,000 in BC) provided virtual visits in 2013/14. About one-third of patients have a virtual visit with a physician already known to them, with the rest seeing a physician for the first time during their virtual visit. These visits do not appear to add costs to care, though there is a suggestion that it they are more effective as part of an ongoing therapeutic relationship.

ConclusionVirtual visits are a small portion of total primary care but are expected to increase. In some cases virtual visits appear to supplement existing forms of access, offering a new means by which to interact with a known provider. In other cases virtual care is with a new provider, which may suggest walk-in clinic type of service use. The implications of these two scenarios are clearly different, and further research with longer follow-up will be helpful in understanding long-term implications.
Investigation of Elder Deaths
Authors: Julie A. Howe , Collins Kim A. , Pat S. King , Yeoman Chevas
Published: April 2017

The maltreatment of elders aged 60 years and older is a worldwide problem with an increasing frequency. Individuals are living longer, resulting in a larger elder segment of populations. Furthermore, as medicolegal investigative and epidemiologic research progresses, more cases are recognized and reported. Elders are a vulnerable population not only because of advanced age and acquired diseases and frailty, but also because of a lack of education in the realm of overall elder healthcare and pathophysiology. Therefore, when investigating an elder death, the challenge is even greater as the medicolegal death investigator and forensic pathologist/medical examiner attempt to separate normal or expected findings from maltreatment. A methodical approach starting with the initial death and scene investigation, followed by a complete elder autopsy and concluding with an organized elder death review, will allow proper classification of cause and manner of death as well of prevention of future cases of elder maltreatment.
Investigation of Pregnancy-Related Deaths
Authors: Schandl Cynthia A.
Published: April 2017

The maternal mortality ratio (MMR), the number of maternal deaths per 100 000 live births, has become a central indicator of public health as well as a means to compare healthcare amongst various states and countries. In addition, it is used to indicate cultural variables including socioeconomic, sexual, and racial inequality of health care access amongst many systems. Thus, the accurate investigation and reporting of all maternal deaths is paramount to public health advancement. Issues central to the maternal mortality ratio include those risk factors increasing exponentially in society as a whole, such as increased maternal age and obesity, as well as those risk factors central to specific societies and cultures, such as illegal abortion and rights to contraception. In the United States, the maternal mortality ratio has increased rather than decreased over the past two decades, leading to concern and consternation amongst public officials, healthcare providers, and the public. This population of women under 50 is generally not expected to succumb to complications of pregnancy and thus investigation and reporting in each case is vital to advancement in this field. Herein, we will review several causes of maternal death and consider strategies and techniques to reach the most probable conclusions regarding the cause and manner of death.
Investigation of Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths
Authors: Quinton Reade A.
Published: April 2017

The investigation of infant death is complex and requires synergy between multiple agencies including law enforcement, Child Protective Services, medicolegal death investigators, and forensic pathologists. Prior to the forensic pediatric autopsy, the death investigator must identify the types of death scenes involved (e.g., hospital, residence, daycare) and document the details of the scene. Interviews must be conducted with the caregivers and other family members (including doll reenactments), law enforcement, pediatricians, and emergency medical personnel. The forensic pathologist must be able to conduct a comprehensive pediatric forensic autopsy and be aware of the specific challenges related to cases of sudden unexpected infant deaths. This article provides an overview of infant death investigation, discussing the roles and responsibilities of the medicolegal death investigator and the forensic pathologist.
Investigation of Deaths Temporally Associated with Law Enforcement Apprehension
Authors: Graham Michael A.
Published: April 2017

The investigation of a death that occurs in custody requires a careful and methodical approach since concerns of police or institutional misconduct may be raised. The medicolegal official charged with the investigation and ultimate certification of death bears heavy responsibility to the decedent's family, the public, law enforcement and other institutions. A wide variety of causes of death and manners of death are seen in these deaths. This paper reviews causes, mechanisms, manners, findings, and evaluation of persons who have died in temporal relation to legal apprehension.
Investigation of Sudden Death in Athletes: The Fittest Bodies in the Morgue
Authors: Lear-Kaul Kelly C.
Published: April 2017

Sporting events are generally viewed as regulated activities with fit and healthy participants; therefore, when deaths occur, they draw considerable public interest. Athletic participants can be considered a vulnerable population based on inherent risks within certain sports and the associated physiologic stresses, which may complicate underlying medical conditions. Sudden deaths in young athletes participating in high school and collegiate organized sports occur at an average of four to six deaths per year; however, sudden deaths related to exercise outside of an organized sport setting remain unaccounted for in the overall prevalence of these deaths. A typical forensic pathology practice will see not only these higher-profile deaths occurring during an organized sporting event, but also lower-profile occurrences of individuals dying during more recreational or unstructured exercise. Sport-related deaths can essentially be categorized as those that occur due to dangers inherent in the sport itself, such as forms of heat-related illnesses, blunt force trauma, and water-related deaths, and those that occur due to susceptibilities of a given predisposed participant, including sickle cell trait, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and other cardiovascular diseases. This article will address both types of vulnerabilities and provide guidance for appropriate and specific medicolegal death investigation and autopsy procedures in these deaths.
Laceration of the Aorta: An Autopsy Series
Authors: Mainland Mary K. , Cantu-Duran David , Adams Vernard I.
Published: April 2017

Of 145 autopsies on subjects of impact trauma, 35 had lacerations of the aorta located as follows: proximal aorta ( 5 ), isthmus (22), and descending aorta ( 11 ) (three subjects had lacerations of the isthmus and the descending aorta). Four of the five lacerations of the proximal aorta ruptured into the pericardial sac. All lacerations at the isthmus were full thickness. Five were double, parallel, adjacent lacerations, of which only one was circumferential. Three of the 22 also had intimal tears of the descending aorta. One of the 22 lacerations was tamponaded and did not rupture into a body cavity. In eight, rupture and bleeding occurred into both pleural cavities, whereas 12 had rupture only into the left pleural cavity. Fourteen of the 22 had evidence of transient tamponade in the form of a mediastinal hematoma. Of the 11 subjects with lacerations of the descending aorta, one had only intimal tears. The other ten had full thickness lacerations that were located throughout the descending aorta. Four of the ten had more than one aortic laceration. Six of the total 11 had a vertebral dislocation. Three of the ten also had a laceration at the isthmus. Severe wounds of the head and thoracoabdominal viscera other than the aorta were common. Most subjects died at the scene.

Novel to this study are the explicit descriptions of 1) aortic lacerations involving less than the circumference of the aorta, 2) aortic lacerations that are double, and 3) the tendency for double lacerations to be less than circumferential.
Acquired Angioedema: A Case of an Unexpected Death and Review of the Literature
Authors: Eichel Yekaterina , Batalis Nicholas I.
Published: April 2017

Angioedema is a rapid swelling of the deep layers of skin including dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa, and submucosa. It results from rapid release of inflammatory mediators that increase the permeability of capillaries and venules through mechanisms involving mast cells or bradykinin. It can be classified as allergic, drug-induced, hereditary, acquired, and idiopathic.

Acquired angioedema occurs when the C1 esterase inhibitor, which plays a role in down-regulating the complement system, is absent or defective. Diagnosis of this disorder should be considered in any patient presenting with episodes of swelling affecting cutaneous tissues and mucous membranes in or beyond the fourth decade of life, without a family history of angioedema. While the disorder can occur in isolation, the majority of patients have an underlying lymphoproliferative disorder or other malignancy.

The clinical course of acquired angioedema is often unpredictable and attacks can range from minor swelling to unexpected death. The following case report describes a fatality due to acquired angioedema in a man with an underlying monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. A thorough review of the medical and family history, antemortem laboratory values, autopsy examination, and postmortem serum tryptase levels were all used to make the diagnosis and rule out other forms of angioedema. This case is presented, along with a review of other causes of death involving angioedema, in order to aid forensic pathologists in working up and certifying these deaths.
Analyses of Death Investigation Systems and Forensic Pathology: A Brief Historical Account
Authors: Hanzlick Randy L.
Published: April 2017

Since 1928, there have been multiple analyses and reports issued about the status and needs of death investigation systems in the United States. Using references contained in the National Research Council's (NRC) report, “Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward,” and backtracking references from those documents, previous reports and meeting agendas were obtained and reviewed which relate to formal study or discussion of death investigations systems and forensic pathology dating back to 1928. These include National Research Council Bulletins from 1928 and 1932, the 1954 “Model Postmortem Examinations Act,” a 1968 Forensic Pathology Progress Report, the 1985 Wingspread Symposium, a 2003 Institute of Medicine Death Investigation Workshop, a 2004 National Association of Medical Examiners Report on America's Medicolegal Offices, the 2009 NRC Report on Strengthening Forensic Science, and a 2010 Forensic Death Investigation Summit. These events and reports are briefly reviewed in this article. Over the past 82 years, needs for the death investigation system have been described. Although progress has been made in meeting those needs and improving death investigation systems, progress has been slow and much work remains to be done. Recent formation of the National Commission on Forensic Science and the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Organization of Scientific Areas Committees (OSAC) may provide an impetus for more rapid and significant change.
A Synoptic Review of the 1985 Wingspread Symposium on Death Investigation
Authors: Hanzlick Randy L. , Peterson Garry F.
Published: April 2017

In May 1985, the National Association of Counties (NACO) Research Foundation and the Johnson Foundation sponsored a “Wingspread Symposium” in Racine, Wisconsin, titled “Death Investigation in the Community: Forging New Partnerships.” The purpose of the three-day conference was to “examine the historic roles of coroners and medical examiners” and to develop “strategies for improving the quality and delivery of death investigation services in the community.” A dispute occurred between some of the researchers and a final summative report of the symposium was not prepared, so the meeting agenda (and recollection of one of the authors) was used to prepare this article. The participant list includes 52 individuals plus five Johnson Foundation staffers. Among the 52 participants were 12 medical examiners and coroners, of which seven were forensic pathologists. The Wingspread Symposium included participants with diverse backgrounds and perspective. As written, the agenda included a variety of topics which, if fully discussed, could have led to helpful suggestions for improving death investigation systems. Unfortunately, formal recommendations have not appeared in print except in brief form in a post-symposium news article. The symposium dealt with interagency cooperation, intergovernmental cooperation, improvement of organization and management, and promotion of productive change.
National Association of Medical Examiners Position Paper: Medical Examiner Release of Organs and Tissues for Transplantation
Authors: Pinckard J. Keith , Geiselhart Roberta J. , Moffatt Ellen , Schmunk Gregory A. , Schultz Daniel L. , Utley Suzanne R. , Wetzler Samantha B.
Published: April 2017

The National Association of Medical Examiners (NAME) endorsed a position paper on the medical examiner/coroner (ME/C) release of organs and tissues in cases falling under ME/C jurisdiction in 2007; this paper has now sunsetted. The goal of this paper is to provide an update on ME/C denials and to reaffirm NAME'S position on this topic. In summary, it is the position of NAME that ME/Cs should permit the procurement of organs and tissues in cases falling under their jurisdiction, providing that there are cooperative agreements in place to ensure that ME/Cs are able to fulfill their legal mandates regarding determination of cause and manner of death and of appropriate collection and preservation of evidence.
Forensic Pathologist Salaries in the United States: The Results of Internet Data Collection
Authors: Kemp Walter L.
Published: April 2017

Despite their longer training period, forensic pathologists are among the lower paid of physicians. However, because forensic pathologists represent a relatively small group with only about 400–600 active full-time practitioners, they are not often included as a specific group in generalized salary surveys. Thus, individuals who practice in this area of medicine have little information regarding their financial worth as an employee. Using publicly available databases and other sources on the Internet, the salaries of 337 forensic pathologists were identified and used to calculate the mean and median salaries, as well as the overall range and 1st and 3rd quartiles for chief medical examiners, deputy chief medical examiners, and other medical examiners across the nation and between the general categories of death investigation offices: state, decentralized state, and county. Given a narrow classification scheme for titles, the range of listed salaries for chief medical examiner was $109 563 to $332 400 (with the lowest of the range being listed as “chief forensic pathologist”), for deputy chief medical examiners was $125 110 to $239 800, and for other forensic pathologists was $91 790 to $303 400. The respective (i.e., based upon a narrow classification scheme) mean listed salary for chief medical examiners was $219 778, for deputy chief medical examiners was $192 872, and for other medical examiners was $183 597. The results are useful for those forensic pathologists seeking employment and wishing to evaluate the salary offered or for those seeking information to use in future salary negotiations with employers.