bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uso de recursos educativos abiertos en la enseñanza de las Matemáticas: percepción de docentes y estudiantes
Authors: Ordóñez Abrigo Melva Noemí , Morocho Chamba Wagner Roberto , Vivanco Loaiza Diana del Cisne , Quizhpe Cuenca Sandra Elizabeth
Published: January 2024

El desarrollo de la educación formal e informal y en entornos virtuales de aprendizaje desde la instrumentación de las TIC ha implicado el uso de los Recursos Educativos Abiertos. En correspondencia, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis sobre la percepción de los docentes y estudiantes acerca del uso de Recursos Educativos Abiertos en la enseñanza de las matemáticas. Para el alcance de este objetivo, se realizó una investigación documental mediante un ejercicio crítico-reflexivo a un grupo de fuentes bibliográficas y desde un estado del arte, que permitió un análisis sobre el uso de los Recursos Educativos Abiertos en la enseñanza de la matemática atendiendo a la percepción de docentes y estudiantes, en relación con los referentes y fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos, tendencias y proyecciones pedagógicas. En tal sentido, se presentan reflexiones teóricas y un análisis de las perspectivas de docentes y estudiantes acerca de los Recursos Educativos Abiertos en la enseñanza de la Matemática, como medios y herramientas digitales, que se integran en apoyo al resto de los componentes del proceso. Esto permitió comprender y explicar que la relevancia de estos está en cómo son utilizados y se complementan al proceso, más que por sus formatos o tipologías en que son presentados como innovaciones educativas.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Recursos Educativos Abiertos; enseñanza; aprendizaje; Matemática.
Use of open educational resources in Mathematics teaching: belief of teachers and students
ABSTRACT
The development of formal and informal education and in virtual learning environments from the implementation of ICT has involved the use of open educational resources. Correspondingly, the aim of this work is to conduct an analysis of the belief of teachers and students about the use of open educational resources in the teaching of mathematics. To achieve this objective, a documentary investigation was carried out through a critical-reflective exercise on a group of bibliographic sources and from a state of the art, which allowed an analysis of the use of open educational resources in the teaching of mathematics considering the perception of teachers and students, in relation to the theoretical and methodological references and foundations, trends and pedagogical projections. In this sense, theoretical reflections, and an analysis of the perspectives of teachers and students about open educational resources in the teaching of mathematics are presented, as digital media and tools, which are integrated to support the rest of the components of the process. All this allowed us to understand and explain that their relevance lies in how they are used and complement the process, rather than in their formats or typologies in which they are presented as educational innovations.
KEYWORDS: open educational resources; teaching; learning; Mathematics.
Para transformar hay que transformarse primero: la toma de riesgos en educación
Authors: Fernández Guayana Tany Giselle
Published: January 2024

El ejercicio de la docencia hoy nos reclama ir más allá de las formas convencionales de la educación. No sólo se debe atender a los requisitos académicos y laborales que nos son exigidos, sino que también debemos responder a un ejercicio pasional: padecer con el otro. Ese dejarse tocar por la epifanía del rostro de los estudiantes bien nos lo ilustra Javier Herrera Cardozo Doctor en Educación, pero ante todo maestro. Con 35 años de experiencia en el campo educativo abarcando desde la educación básica hasta la educación superior, este profesor nos comparte algunas experiencias vividas de su tránsito como maestro que nos hacen reflexionar sobre la identidad docente. Durante la entrevista, nos podemos contagiar de narraciones colmadas de sentido, afectividad, pasión y responsabilidad, y a su vez, de una gran calidad literaria. Estas anécdotas abordadas desde un enfoque epistemológico nos invitan a la pedagogía desde otros lenguajes, a encontrar la voz propia y a acoger la fragilidad del otro.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Educación; Responsabilidad; Docente apoyo; Vínculo; Identidad.
To transform you must first transform: risk taking in education
ABSTRACT
The teaching job today calls us to go beyond the conventional forms of education. Not only must we meet the academic and work requirements that are demanded of us, but we must also respond to a passionate exercise: suffering with the other. That letting himself be touched by the epiphany of the students' faces is well illustrated by Javier Herrera Cardozo, PhD of Education, but teacher. With 35 years of experience in the educational field, ranging from basic education to higher education, this teacher shares with us some experiences of his journey as a teacher that make us reflect on the teaching identity. During the interview, we can be infected with narratives full of meaning, affectivity, passion, and responsibility, and in turn, of great literary quality. These anecdotes approached from an epistemological approach invite us to pedagogy from other languages, to find our own voice and to accept the other fragility.
KEYWORDS: Education; Responsibility; Teacher support; Bond; Identity.
Intervención Psicopedagógica y Desarrollo Cognitivo en los primeros años de vida
Authors: Vásquez Zambrano José Adrián , García Vaicilla Andrea Gabriela , Vaca Narváez Edwin Ricardo , Cusme Medranda Carmen Margarita , Ludeña Carrillo Janneth Elizabeth
Published: January 2024

El estudio de los constructos psicopedagógicos permite una primera aproximación consciente del tema en cuestión, sin el dominio semántico es prácticamente imposible llegar al hermenéutico del proceso psicopedagógico. La psicopedagogía tiene entre sus objetos de estudio al desarrollo cognitivo, un proceso complejo que distingue al ser humano de las demás especies vivas. Además, resulta pertinente cavar en las nociones neurocientíficas vinculadas al desarrollo cognitivo que se han venido sistematizando por los investigadores, de manera que se citarán aportes sobre la biología y genética de la cognición y las miradas críticas a la intervención de la familia y la sociedad en dicho desarrollo. Por lo tanto, el estudio de la psicopedagogía y el desarrollo cognitivo como binomio dialéctico, es necesario, complejo y de gran utilidad para el engrandecimiento intelectual responsable de niños en sus primeros años de vida (Carrasco, 2018).
PALABRAS CLAVE: nociones neurocientíficas; desarrollo cognitivo; desarrollo psicopedagógico.
Psychopedagogical Intervention and Cognitive Development in the first years of life
ABSTRACT
The study of psych pedagogical constructs allows a first conscious approach to the topic in question; without the semantic domain it is practically impossible to reach the hermeneutics of the psych pedagogical process. Psych pedagogy has among its objects of study cognitive development, a complex process that distinguishes human beings from other living species. Furthermore, it is pertinent to delve into the “neuroscientific.” notions linked to cognitive development that have been systematized by researchers, so that contributions on the biology and genetics of cognition and critical views on the intervention of the family and society in said development. Therefore, the study of Psych pedagogy and cognitive development as a dialectical binomial is necessary, complex, and very useful for the responsible intellectual growth of boys and girls in their first years of life (Carrasco, 2018).
KEYWORDS: neuroscientific notions; cognitive development; psych pedagogical development.
L’origine des déviations actuelles
Authors: Mestre Jean-Louis
Published: January 2024

El origen de las desviaciones actuales

Bajo la monarquía prerevolucionaria, la multiplicidad de intervenciones del poder público tiene como consecuencia la aparición de una gran diversidad de formas jurídicas de esta acción. El caso más típico es el de las formas : servicios públicos económicos cuya gestión es a veces pública, a veces privada. Igualmente se debe subrayar el caso de la Cámara de Comercio de Marsella o el de las sociedades privadas, a las cuales la administración confía el cuidado de misiones de interés público, particularmente en materia de renovación urbana.

En el siglo XIX, se ven aparecer una multitud de asociaciones de agricultores, así como también asociaciones sindicales de propietarios, que disponían de prerrogativas de poder público, las que son otras tantas manifestaciones de la existencia de una verdadera administración paralela. En la primera mitad del siglo XX, las estructuras administrativas del antiguo régimen se substituyen por nuevas formas de administración, encontrándose las más interesantes en Provence, los oficios y la primera sociedad de economía mixta : La Compañía Nacional del Rhône, manifestaciones sobre el recurso que la administración prestaba a los empresarios privados, bajo la extensión de la noción de interés general.
La protection due par l’Administration à ses agents
Authors: Plouvin Joël-Yves
Published: January 2024

The protection owed by the administration to its agents

Established by the statute of 1946, the functional protection owed by the state to its officiais is presently governed by article 12, line 2, of the general Statute for civil servants of 1959.

To benefit from this protection, an obligation which can only be suspended under the control of a judge for reasons of general interest, the public servant must prove that he has suffered, in the course of his duties, a threat or an attack such as bodily injury, material damage or defamation of character. The implementation of administrative functional protection thus implies the existence of a number of conditions.

The refusal to adopt a liberal interpretation of the provisions of aforesaid article 12, forced the administrative judge to base the claiment’s rights to an indemnity, having been subjected to extraordinary risks, on the principle of equality of citizens before the public charge.

One question remains unanswered : does article 12, of which the rule was formalized in the statute of magistrates and local administrators, express a general principle of right which could be applied without further recourse to all public servants ?
Les préfectures : une fonction administrative dans l’espace français
Authors: Bertrand Michel-Jean
Published: January 2024

Las prefecturas : una funcion administrativa en el espacio francés

Por sus decisiones, por su acción sobre la economía y la sociedad, por su fuerza sobre el empleo, la Administración del Estado dirige la organización regional. Función esencialmente citadina, caracterizada por la estabilidad geográfica (contrariamente a otras actividades comerciales, industriales... movibles), es elemento de base que no se le ha tomado mucho en consideración. En todas partes la ciudad, sede de una prefectura, beneficia de una posición original dentro de la jerarquía de plazas centrales y dentro de la estructurización de las redes urbanas. Aunque se le considera como una actividad uniformemente repartida, que se preocupa poco de los particularismos locales, se muestra extremamente diversa, corrigiendo las inegalidades del desarrollo, aunque también a veces acentuándolas. Se ha considerado, pues, necesario, comparar las estructuras regionales y su repercusión en las prácticas y percepciones de los habitantes. Las circunscripciones administrativas son, en efecto, un factor fundamental de la conciencia y de la cohesión regionales aun cuando en todas partes, no se ha tenido cuenta de las posibilidades de relación y de movimientos geográficos. Esto significa que la organización regional depende tanto de las decisiones de la Administración, como de su presencia : la decentralización de poderes debe reforzarse de una decentralización sensata de los servicios.
Les systèmes européens de formation en matière d’administration publique
Authors: König Klaus
Published: January 2024

The european systems of training for public service

A comparative analysis of the Systems of training for government employees, the career conditions in government service and the Systems of education highlights the diversity of historical development in Western Europe and the similarity between the efforts to solve problems which are very often identical. A number of common features become apparent, such as the persistence of the privileged status of lawyers, the institutionalization of training for public service, etc. One of the basic features can be considered to be the conditions favouring the organization of a course of study at university level specifically related to government service. This kind of approach has been recently adopted in European countries — witness, for example, the Universities of Konstanz (Western Germany), Tampere (Finland) and Twente (Netherlands). A change is taking place in the requirements for a broad general education and technical knowledge. The training programmes concentrate on the areas of public administration and policy. These involve a twin specialization — based primarily on the social sciences and secondly on the public service career.
Le perfectionnement des fonctionnaires en République fédérale d’Allemagne
Authors: Mattern Karl-Heinz
Published: January 2024

El perfeccionamiento de los funcionarios en RFA

La Academia Federal para la Administración Pública, creada el 11 de junio de 1969 para asegurar el perfeccionamiento de los funcionarios, actúa en estrecha colaboración con la administración y aplica los métodos de participación intensiva, asi como de trabajo en grupo. Sus actividades se desarrollan dentro de cuatro direcciones : la iniciación de los jóvenes funcionarios en las misiones de la administración ; la adaptación en el ejercicio de las funciones ; el perfeccionamiento en vista de la promoción interna ; el perfeccionamiento dentro de la esfera internacional. Los contactos con los Estados de las Comunidades Europeas, se han desarrollado particularmente con Francia y la Gran Bretaña.
La planification dans un service public : le cas de la RATP
Authors: Bailly Jean-Paul
Published: January 2024

Planning in a public service : the case of the autonomous enterprise of parisian transports (RATP)

While transporting about 5 million people per day in the Paris region, the RATP could until recently call only upon sectoral plans which were used exclusively in the areas where they were of particular need. The decision to plan ail of the functions of the enterprise resulted in the conception of a plan of enterprise which allows for the information of public authorities, users and even public opinion about its projects, and which puts it in a better position to control its development by spelling out coherently all its main targets. The plan of enterprise is not a legal instrument binding the public authorities and the RATP but it implies prior concertation with each other.

Hence the plan does not replace, nor is it substituted for other types of relations between public enterprise and public authorities, in particular those of a programme agreement type. It is nevertheless more than a simple informative instrument ; it is a real instrument for concertation both as regards public authorities and the RATP and within its own body, since all its ranks (directors, heads of service, division managers, medium level executives) decide on the contents of the plan. A link with national planning can easily be established, at least every fifth year when the national plan is negotiated.
Les entreprises publiques en Pologne
Authors: Krol Henryk
Published: January 2024

Public companies in Poland

After setting out the main features of the Polish national economy, the author underlines the overall importance of the socialized sector into which integrate the public companies. Mr. Krol puts a great emphasis on economic calculation, management System of public enterprise, based on using profitably trade exchanges, financial exchanges and the contribution of labour with a view to obtaining an economical and efficient management. He comments then on the economic calculation process of enterprise and the internal financial accounts. After a highly rigorous analysis of the legal structures of company executives and the participation procedures of staff in management, the author explains the reforms adopted in Poland after 1973 in order to confer a greater efficiency to the management of public enterprise, and also evokes prospective solutions adopted for the period 1976-1980.
Les entreprises publiques au Maroc
Authors: Claisse Alain
Published: January 2024

Public companies in Morocco

Moroccan public companies evidence the multiple contrasts of Moroccan society. Located peripherically in a very centralizing State, they make up a parapublic management structure which is meant to implement the promotion of the private sector within the framework of moroccanization of the economy. Invested with a national mission of development, they intend to call widely upon private capital from abroad, because of insufficient domestic private capital. The public companies rely on a large staff, machinery and important financial resources which are managed within a competitive System. They thus establish themselves as autonomous bodies which tend to dispense with the tutorship of the State, and follow their own policies. Their investment capacity and their managerial flexibility make them priority development factors but cause them also to assert an increasing autonomy in front of the State authority.
Contrôle et gestion dans les administrations publiques
Authors: Ratier Jacques
Published: January 2024

Control and management in public administration. The author first sets out to compare different Systems of control, e.g. of legal conformity, of quality of management, and internal and external control. Considerable differences result from variations in types of organisms and countries considered. The development of control has to cope with numerous obstacles inherent either in the typical features of public management or in relevant information Systems. Possible future development of control appears subject to a number of queries concerning the possibility of extending control to public policies, the growth limits of control, the measurement of its yield and its efficiency.
Les méthodes de gestion à l’Assistance publique
Authors: Pallez Gabriel
Published: January 2024

Los métodos de gestión de la asistencia pública. Confrontada con problemas cada vez más complejos, la Asistencia pública se reorganizó en 1976. Los servicios centrales fueron liberados de las faenas de gestión para mejor ejecutar su función consistente en definir directivas generales y controlar su ejecución. Se confinan a la coordinación de acciones entre establecimientos y al proveimiento de asistencia técnica en cuando hace falta. La gestión aparece entonces como consecutiva a la buena circulación de información entre los servicios centrales y a la colaboración constante entre los diferentes niveles. Este proceso tiende a desembocar en una más amplia participación de todos los interesados.
L’Informatique et l’Administration
Authors: Huet Pierre
Published: January 2024

Data processing and administration. What is the role of data processing in administration ? What effects has data processing on administration ? These are the two issues discussed by Mr. Huet. The author notes in the first place that the number of computers used in administration has trebled between 1970 and 1976. However, computers are not equally distributed among the various services, by far the best equipped being the postal and telegraphic administration. There are also regional disparities. Computers are mainly used for internal management, documentation, statistics, legal tracing, and tasks of public services. As regards the effects of data processing on administration, a much greater interest in data collection can be noted, as well as an increasing trend towards reshuffling and streamlining administrative structures. Finally, data processing cannot but affect the administrative decision-making process by requiring above all a more systematical approach to the issues at stake, with the concomitant drawback of slowing down the already heavy administrative process to the detriment of the public.
Étude pour une méthodologie de la gestion et de l’administration de demain
Authors: Koenig Herbert
Published: January 2024

Studying a methodology for tomorrow’s management and administration. A study of methodology implies an interdisciplinary scientific approach to modern management and administrative techniques, an improvement of information, and stock-taking of aptitudes and attitudes of parties concerned. The author emphasizes the importance of structural environment, the field of action of politico-administrative Systems, and the need for streamlining policies with budgets and vice versa. Various structural and structure by target experiments have been tried out in the FRG.
Les grandes tendances de l’évolution de l’administration publique dans les pays en voie de développement
Authors: Roson Henri
Published: January 2024

The main tendancies of public administration evolution in the developing countries. Public administration in the developing countries must meet a double challenge which is an unstable international environment and a swift moving society.

Throughout the recent years, some improvements have been reached in the field of planning, financial institutions, and economic and social actions performed by the means of public enterprises.

Nevertheless, the increasing in State undertaking makes necessary deep changes. A new distribution of powers is essential between, on the one hand the central level, bound to forecasting, planning and inspection and, on the other hand, the various decision centers, close to the citizens. The main effort is still to be done in the field of civil servants training.
Le phénomène associatif
Authors: Holleaux André
Published: January 2024

The associative phenomenon. The associative phenomenon, an ancient tradition in France, but which has considerably progressed over the past twenty years, is analyzed to its full scope, which is considerable since there are several hundred of thousands of registered associations in France. These associations deal with the greatest possible variety of objects, public or private, social, cultural or political ; they fulfil three main functions viz. selection, structuring, and expression of needs, circulation of information, and finally promotion of some particularly motivated citizens by which they implement a genuine democratic approach.

Having thus delineated the complex of issues, the author analyses in detail the interrelations that exist between these multiple associations and administrations which evermore tend to mix and overlap in terms of goals and attitudes.
Aspects de l’administration publique finlandaise
Authors: Modeen Tore
Published: January 2024

Aspects of the finnish administration. After a short historical introduction (before and after independence), the author describes the organization of central administration and decentralized units and presents some services : Finance, Education, National Defense. Reforms are under way or in the blueprint : they concern the administration of justice, deconcentration of some services, democratization of administrative life, departmental autonomy.
Réforme et efficacité de l’action administrative
Authors: Moberg Sven
Published: January 2024

Reformas y eficiencia de la acción administrativa

La concurrencia por los raros recursos económicos se ha avivado entre los sectores públicos y privados de la economía en la mayoría de los países europeos. Eso impone una reforma de la administración central. Por otro lado, la dependencia de los ciudadanos de la administración implica una mejora en los contactos y en la información.

Nuevos métodos habrá que desarrollar en el campo de la política del personal y habrá que introducir formulas de participación sin poner en duda el papel que desempeña el hombre político en el proceso de decisión. Las reformas administrativas debrán constituir un proceso continuo mas bien que esfuerzos en cuando hace falta.
La Réforme de la décentralisation en Belgique
Authors: Delmartino Frank
Published: January 2024

The reform of decentralization in Belgium

Recent developments of the Belgian territorial administration reflect the constitutional problems that have arisen in Belgium since the 1970 reform which reorganized the State by setting up three autonomous regions according to the cultural duality of the country, viz Flanders, Wallonia, and the bilingual region of Brussels.

The regionalization of the State is followed up by another reform movement which aims at strengthening the local administrative level of municipalities : the association and federation of communes. There are hence at present five administrative levels : State, region, province, association-federation of communes, commune.

This reform, which is still provisional, allows for a complex administrative organization, at times rather incoherent, comprising too many levels of decision-making with often rather vague or ill-defined terms of reference. This has brought about a trend towards simplification of institutions leading some critics to advocate an increase in powers, according to relevant matters, either at the central (State or region) or at the local level. Without contesting the good reasons for such a criticism, the author is neverthe-less reluctant to endorse such a position which would imply that the existence of the intermediary administrative level (the traditional provinces) would be open to question, whereas he feels that it has a role to play in that this is the adequate level to handle a number of managerial tasks.
Planification et réforme administrative en France
Authors: Ménier Jacques
Published: January 2024

Planning and administrative reform in France

Planning, just like administrative reform, is a rationalization exercice, a purposeful action. Hence administrative reform and planning have things in common although no relationship has so far been established between them. Planning in France has resulted from considerations that have nothing to do with administrative reform. Its targets and its responsible bodies are therefore rather specific, yet its scope of action overlaps in many instances with that of administrative reform. Since planning is implemented through administrative channels, it acts upon this machinery and therefore contributes to its reform. Planning has to rely on a well-adjusted administrative machinery to become effective. Planning intervenes to transform administration on various levels : it contributes to reorganization, coordination, and adjustment of administration to its environment. By introducing various and important changes into administration, planning could have played a vital part in administrative reform. That this did not happen is mainly due to the fact that planning itself, despite its initial basic intent, remained quite limited in scope and unable to develop ail its potentialities.
La prévision dans le contexte politique : l’opinion de l’homme politique
Authors: Dahlgaard Lauge
Published: January 2024

Forecasting and politics. The Politician’s Opinion. The position of politicians varies as regards the forecasting process according to administrative structures and political traditions. On the basis of his experience as administrator and politician in Denmark, the author believes that a study of the relations between forecasting and planning makes it possible to throw some light on the specificity of political issues. Forecasting is defined as study and evaluation of future developments in a given field. Planning is a comparison between various options of development and the choice of an optimum. The typical function of the politician is to decide on the avenues to be explored and the option to be chosen. Yet it is quite debatable where to draw a line between targets and means. The politician’s role is not limited to the choice of the first while leaving it to the administrator to look after the second. Finally, the politician’s attitude is ambivalent : it is not possible to rely completely on forecasting and planning for solving problems, but it is necessary to strive for an as transparent as possible presentation of public debate.
Modernisation des structures administratives : l’expérience britannique (1970-1974)
Authors: Pollitt Christopher
Published: January 2024

Modernizing administrative structures : the British experience (1970-1974). The Tory government published in October 1970 an ambitious plan for the reorganization of central government. Examining the sources and consequences of this reform, the author focuses on the decision-making procedures in the governmental machinery and tries to evaluate the relations between administrative structures and politics. His conclusions are rather pessimistic. Those who are in charge of devising macro-structural changes are only marginally concerned with considerations of efficiency ; the factors "time" and “probability” play a negative role, and moreover the joint responsibility of the Cabinet actually never came into action and the decision-making process remained extremely narrow and moved in a closed circuit.
Les modalités administratives de planification : l’expérience irlandaise
Authors: Katsiaouni Olympios
Published: January 2024

Administrative arrangements for planning : The Irish experience. An interesting aspect of the Irish institutional landscape is the fact that despite the relative smallness of the economy, the organizational and planning processes are at least as complex as elsewhere in Europe. Moreover, as can be gradually realized, the design of institutional innovation and their capacity for implementing change is not a luxury but is indispensable for the implementation of political decisions and the necessary adjustment of their follow-up.
La prévision au niveau du gouvernement et de l’administration de la République fédérale d’Allemagne
Authors: Becker Bernd
Published: January 2024

La previsión pone el gobierno y la administración en medida para construir el porvenir y no solo reaccionar frente a los problemas del presente. De este punto de vista, la previsión constituye un factor que tiende en general y por principio a evitar políticas de retacidos o de «por si cuela». Se puede presumir que el papel empírico y la real importancia que reviste la previsión en un sistema de planeamiento indican el nivel y la proporción de «política activa» del sistema. El autor presenta una síntesis del papel y de la importancia de la previsión al nivel del gobierno y de la administración en la República federal de Alemania y demuestra el sistema formal y la estructura de los mecanismos previsionales en Alemania.
Pour une politique administrative
Authors: Ménier Jacques
Published: January 2024

For an administrative policy. Everywhere Administration is facing a crisis, a fact which may be explained by the fast evolution of societies and the increasing number of demands put on the State. The Administration also evolves but not always coherently and more often than not fails to adjust to the new needs or to maintain its stability.

The control and the organization of this evolution, ie. by meeting in time social requirements while ensuring the necessary continuity, have so far been looked after by administrative reforms. What about other channels ? For instance calling upon and improving the tools now available in terms of forecasting, planning and programming with a view to implementing what could be called an "administrative policy" so as to constantly reconcile the administrative change with social change.
Les rapports de pouvoirs entre l’INSEE, la Direction de la prévision et le Commissariat général du plan et leur évolution. Un cas exemplaire : l’élaboration du modèle physico-financier (FIFI) utilisé pour le VIe plan
Authors: Nizard Lucien
Published: January 2024

The present state and developments of the relations of power between the INSEE, the directorate of forecasting and the french planning authority

The author analyses recent changes in the relations of power between these three public bodies following the formulation and use of the quantitative-financial model set up for the 6th Plan, for indeed the use of the Fifi model has brought about a major change in relations between forecasters and decision-makers, on account of two types of constraints : those imposed by the model on experts and those, different from the first, imposed on the decision-makers through the straight and fast dividing-line set by the model between forecasting and decision-makiug. This provides the expert with stronger powers, since his control is undetermined, as it seems. Yet his autonomy decreases with respect to the decision-maker. The inter-relationship between both has to become such as to establish a continued collaboration where forecasting and decision-making become an intimate mix.
L’administration rurale
Authors: Monfraix Jean , Seiller Jean-François
Published: January 2024

Rural administration

The authors analyse the place and rôle of administration in rural areas. They survey administration of rural space, administration and agriculture, administration and rural development.

Even though the specificity of administration for rural people seems rather more difïicult to circumscribe, it is nevertheless a stifï reality. The final finding is that administrative action is looked for and expected in rural areas.
Mécanismes administratifs et juridiques au service du développement rural intégré : situation actuelle et possibilités d’avenir, en Inde, en Malaisie et aux Philippines
Authors: Payad Aurora T.
Published: January 2024

Administrative and legal arrangements for integrated rural development : present status and future prospects

The author analyses the arrangements for integrated development in three countries with different political Systems : Malaysia for the French System, India for the British system and the Philippines, whose type of government represents a spécial case.

After defining “integrated rural development” as “a séries of measures meant to translate over the longer term permanently changes into reality in respect of rural areas”, the author spells out the necessary legal and administrative arrangements. The concrete analysis of each case seems to show that a country’s political System has little bearing on the efficiency of IRD programmes. The best IRD approach would hence be, according to the author, “an alternative solution to individual endeavours aiming at concentrating simply on food production as an end in itself”.
L’élitisme dans le recrutement des hauts fonctionnaires en Grande-Bretagne
Authors: Chapman Richard Arnold
Published: January 2024

El elitismo en la selección de altos funcionarios en el reino unido

El autor presenta los debates de la Comisión de los Gastos de los Comunes durante la sesión 1976-77 sobre el asunto de los criterios de selección para altos funcionarios. Analizando el informe de la Comisión en el cual se trata sobre todo del problema de discriminación en la selección, el autor expone las varias intervenciones y analiza los documentos citados.
Observations sur les structures des universités
Authors: Boulouis Jean
Published: January 2024

Algunas observaciones sobre la estructura universitaria.

Depués de evocar las estructuras universitarias preexistentes a la Ley del 12 de noviembre de 1968, llamada ley de orientación de la educación superior, el autor hace algunas observaciones sobre la estructura actual.

Comprueba que a pesar del intento inicial del legislador, la rigidez anterior no ha sido substituida por la flexibilidad, ni el ajuste permanente. Paradójicamente, parece más fuerte que anteriormente, visto que por una parte sólo la universidad podrá cambiarla y que, más dependiente de las UER que al revés, se queda con lo anterior. En lo que toca a los órganos, parece que las concepciones logradas corresponden de muy lejos a las previstas por el legislador. En conclusión, consta que no se puede «orientar» a la educación superior como se «orienta» a la agricultura o al urbanismo. La universidad se orienta por su lado y lo que importa de saber es en qué medida y en qué condiciones se lo permitirá.
L’Administration d’une université britannique
Authors: Ridley Frederick F.
Published: January 2024

Organización administrativa de una universidad inglesa.

Basándose en la descripción de la organisación administrativa y del funcionamiento de la universidad de Liverpool, el autor saca las características más destacadas de la estructura administrativa de las universidades británicas. Se apoya ante todo sobre convenios y menos sobre normas escritas, sobre todo en lo que toca la distribución del poder ; el personal de enseñanza constituye el eje de la administración central universitaria. La toma de decisión resulta más bien de concesiones mútuas y de adaptaciones sucesivas que de un planeamiento de conjunto. En fin, el sistema universitario garantiza la libertad de enseñanza y de la investigación, lo que arriesga de crear problemas de adaptación en periodo de crisis financiera.
La gestion de la « Fonction Recherche » au niveau national
Authors: Sevin Jacques
Published: January 2024

Management of the «research function» in France.

The French organization of management of research represents an intermediary solution between the German and the British models and approaches in terms of principles and to some extent structure the American model. The author analyses the managerial machinery of research by highlighting its development from 1958 till now.
Organisation et gestion de la recherche industrielle
Authors: Vieillard-Baron Bertrand
Published: January 2024

Organization and management of industrial research.

General remarks on industrial research targets aiming at innovation, in respect of which Western countries have fallen behind Japan, the author shows how these issues are dealt with in the framework of an industrial multiple concem, such as Creusot-Loire.

This paper seems to indicate that industrial research is experiencing a wind of change. Downstream piloting and strategies based exclusively on the concepts of management and marketing have proved insufficient. A novel trend is taking shape which seeks no longer to develop only advanced technological products but also to spearhead traditional areas.
I. Le contrôle fiscal dans les états en développement : l’exemple de la Haute-Volta
Authors: Stein Olivier
Published: January 2024

Técnicas tributarias y desarrollo económico. Este tema se trata a través de la experiencia tributaria en Alta Volta.

Presentando las razones justificando la verificación tributaria y relatando en particular la multiplicación de las empresas africanas fuera del circuito tributario normal, lo que hace que no pueden sustituirse a las empresas europeas para contribuir a las rentas públicas, expone el autor varias medidas tendiente a imponer contribuciones a mayores partes de la población, para indicar que no basta a crear nuevos impuestos o controlar sistemáticamente franquicias alegadas si se deja fuera del «circuito tributario normal» entes productoras — oficiales o no — que se sustrayen a toda imposición.
Le régime juridique et fiscal des mesures d’encouragement aux investissements dans les pays en voie de développement : les codes des investissements
Authors: Corfmat François
Published: January 2024

El régimen jurídico y tributario de las medidas promotoras de inversiones en los países en vías de desarrollo.

Relatando las principales medidas promotoras tributarias en materia de inversiones, tales como resultan de los códigos inversionistas de los países de Africa de habla francesa, cuestiona el autor de la eficiencia económica de las ventajas concedidas u obtenidas. Comprobando que en ciertos casos las ventajas de éste índole arriesgan de producir efectos negativos al plano económico, trata el autor de determinar cuales habrían de ser las condiciones idóneas para que sirvan de estimulo tributario para inversiones y nota tres imperativos :

— la necesidad de bien escoger los sectores económicos a privilegio

— la necesidad de bien escoger proyectos viables

— la necesidad de una valoración del coste de las exenciones para el Estado.
Nationalisations : les conditions du succès
Authors: Boublil Alain
Published: January 2024

Nacionalizaciones — condiciones para su éxito.

Salir de las incertidumbres internacionales del fin de siglo, condicionar la política económica para soltar Francia de la crísis, instrumentar un traslado en las relaciones de producción, todo eso se espera de las nacionalizaciones. ¿Pero cualas son las condiciones para su éxito, ya que se necesitará algún tiempo para juzgar lo obtenido, pués sería poco serio trastornar de repente las empresas visadas sin otro motivo ?

Constan cuatro mayores : la selección de los hombres, la determinante evolución de las estructuras industriales y bancarias, el papel desempeñado por el Estado-accionista y, en fin, la relación : administración — empresas públicas.
Les entreprises publiques industrielles en Autriche
Authors: Grünwald Oskar , Meissl Renate
Published: January 2024

The austrian State industry — a substantial part of the public sector.

On the basis of an outline of the public sector, the specific role and evolution of the ÖIAG concern (Oesterreichische Industrieverwaltungs AG) is underlined. The concern controls eight large State industry corporations with a number of affiliates. It is a holding company which in its present shape dates back to a 1970 Statute. Over the past ten years or so it has undertaken to develop and coordinate an overall policy for the whole of State industry and has thus been able to establish its altogether 35-years old sway as a steady and efficient form of management. The concern has developed its own style of management displayed as compulsory which does not admit of centralists or State intervention in operational matters.

The success scored so far will not spare State industry the enormous difficulties to be expected during the forthcoming years. Already for 1981, the consolidated results will be largely mortgaged by expected heavy losses in the steel industry and poor results of the alu-manufacturers.
L’efficacité des entreprises publiques en Inde
Authors: Bras Jean-Philippe
Published: January 2024

The performance of public corporations in India.

To assess performance, reliable and fixed criteria are needed. This prerequisite is not easily met in India, where the relations between the State and public corporations are not well-defined, the latter being subjected to unorthodox and often contradictory pressures and interventions.

Despite this handicap, Indian public enterprise has largely contributed to national development, often at a pace unparalleled by the private sector. To improve performance, besides getting a clearer definition of the State-public enterprise relations, a manpower adjustment policy will have to be evolved and implemented by public corporations. Historically, their style has been alien to managerial concepts; therefore, the training of officers and executive staff constitutes a priority task. not well-defined, the latter being subjected to unorthodox and often contradictory pressures and interventions.

Despite this handicap, Indian public enterprise has largely contributed to national development, often at a pace unparalleled by the private sector. To improve perfor¬ mance, besides getting a clearer définition of the State-public enterprise relations, a manpower adjustment policy will hâve to be evolved and implemented by public cor¬ porations. Historically, their style has been alien to managerial concepts ; therefore, the training of officers and executive staff constitutes a priority task.
L’administration et le marché du travail : les expériences allemande, britannique et française
Authors: Baudrillart Wenceslas
Published: January 2024

Administration and the labour market : the german, british and french case.

The unease resulting from the growing number of jobless is prompting a number of reactions similar in nature ; the key concepts are applied with variable weighting in the three countries under study. The author discusses in the following the “global approaches” (allocation, job supply, training) and the “selective approaches” (trouble shooting, regional policies, ...).

Whatever the policies adopted, they appear extremely costly and in many respects to reach the limits of efficiency. All doubts arising therefrom culminate in an ultimate query : what is the actual point of no return of the labour situation in our present society ? For it is no longer indicated to talk about possible thresholds, beyond which a given percentage of jobless would become intolerable.
Le problème de la réforme municipale au Venezuela
Authors: Moderne Franck
Published: January 2024

El problema de la reforma municipal al Venezuela.

Es difícil hoy día de predecir el porvenir de la institución municipal en el Venezuela. La ley de 1.978 que el autor analiza en éste árticulo ha sido contestada, apenas adoptada, y queda sin aplicación en muchos aspectos. La estructura administrativa aún no está adaptada a las múltiples tareas que deben atender las comunas. La formación del personal, la modernización de los mayores servicios públicos, el planeamiento local, la mejora del sistema fiscal, una mayor atención a los problemas del urbanismo constituye un amplio programa que necesita muchos esfuerzos y paciencia. El hecho es que el Venezuela, como se sabe, dispone de los recursos necesarios para realizar esta difícil tarea de decentralización.
La formation des fonctionnaires en Amérique latine
Authors: Brewer-Carías Allan-Randolph
Published: January 2024

Training civil servants in Latin America

After mustering some major problems of Latin American Civil Service (the growth of public administration, the complexity of public management, the lack of qualified staff), the author discusses the question of training civil servants. He shows the need for the Latin American countries to institute a true training System for civil servants and goes on pointing out the conditions for the implémentation of such a System.
Le modèle occidental d’administration
Authors: Timsit Gérard , Delmas-Marty Mireille
Published: January 2024

The western model of administration.

The author delineates a model of western administration through the concept of relative integration (regarding the European countries and the United States) by analyzing the modalities thereof by different countries. Relative integration designates a certain type of relations between the factors composing the model under a double aspect : political and administrative agencies on one part and administrative and economie agencies on the other. The relations of subordination/separation, while bringing about subordination of agencies, and the cohesion and unity of the System, prevent by maintaining the separation of agencies a total subordination of administrative agencies to political bodies, as well as of administrative agencies among themselves. In this sense, relative integration shows a clear distinction with absolute integration (cf. socialist countries) and with disintegration (cf. developing countries). From the general characteristics of the western model of administration, two variants may be distinguished :

— restricted relative integration designating a strongly centralized and hierarchicized type of administration, as exemplifled by the case of France ;

— generalized relative integration linking up with administrations characterized on the contrary by decentralization, dispersion, and a pronounced autonomy of their administrative structures.