bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shifting Baselines in a California Oak Savanna: Nineteenth Century Data to Inform Restoration Scenarios
Authors: Whipple Alison A. , Grossinger Robin M. , Davis Frank W.
Published: March 2010

For centuries humans have reduced and transformed Mediterranean‐climate oak woodland and savanna ecosystems, making it difficult to establish credible baselines for ecosystem structure and composition that can guide ecological restoration efforts. We combined historical data sources, with particular attention to mid‐1800s General Land Office witness tree records and maps and twentieth century air photos, to reconstruct 150 years of decline in extent and stand density of Valley oak (Quercus lobata Neé) woodlands and savannas in the Santa Clara Valley of central coastal California. Nineteenth century Valley oak woodlands here were far more extensive and densely stocked than early twentieth century air photos would suggest, although reconstructed basal areas (7.5 m2/ha) and densities (48.9 trees/ha) were not outside the modern range reported for this ecosystem type. Tree densities and size distribution varied across the landscape in relation to soil and topography, and trees in open savannas were systematically larger than those in denser woodlands. For the largest woodland stand, we estimated a 99% decline in population from the mid‐1800s to the 1930s. Although most of the study area is now intensely developed, Valley oaks could be reintroduced in urban and residential areas as well as in surrounding rangelands at densities comparable to the native oak woodlands and savannas, thereby restoring aspects of ecologically and culturally significant ecosystems, including wildlife habitat and genetic connectivity within the landscape.
Blood donors with hereditary hemochromatosis
Authors: Røsvik Anne S. , Ulvik Rune J. , Wentzel‐Larsen Tore , Hervig Tor
Published: March 2010

BACKGROUND: The distribution of C282Y and H63D variants of the HFE gene was determined in donors with evidence of phenotypical hemochromatosis. The ferritin level and the effect of a donation on iron status in the different HFE genotypes were studied.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty women and 107 men with hemochromatosis were compared to HFE wild‐type donors. The influence of a blood donation was assessed by the change in ferritin between two consecutive donations.

RESULTS: In women and men, 85 and 59%, respectively, were C282Y homozygote. None of the women had H63D alleles. There was no significant difference in the donation history or the ferritin level between the HFE genotypes. Donation frequencies were, respectively, 3.3 and 3.7 per year for women and men. The ferritin level was significantly higher in women with hemochromatosis, while in men it was similar compared to the respective wild types. The negative influence of a donation on iron status was similar in hemochromatotic and wild‐type women, while men with hemochromatosis were significantly less vulnerable to a blood donation than genetically wild‐type men.

CONCLUSION: Subjects with hemochromatosis are valuable as blood donors independent of their HFE genotype. In general, the ferritin level tended to be higher in those with hemochromatosis than in wild types. The negative influence of a blood donation on iron status was less in male donors with hemochromatosis than in wild types.
Introduction: Autism: Rethinking the Possibilities
Authors: Solomon Olga , Bagatell Nancy
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis special issue ofEthosbrings together the work of scholars from multiple disciplines including anthropology, occupational science, and education. The authors share two main goals. First, this interdisciplinary collection of articles highlights the importance of rethinking research on autism. Each article encourages movement away from dominant biomedical discourses that focus largely on symptoms to a more phenomenological and ethnographic stance that addresses experiences of living with autism. The second goal is to rethink possibilities for social interaction and participation for people with autism. In this introduction, we briefly review current biomedical accounts of autism as a disorder that affects social cognition and explore the importance of rethinking these assumptions. We suggest that this discussion is particularly well suited for psychological anthropology's concerns with the psychological and the social in an individual's experience and place in society. [autism, ethnographic research, intersubjectivity, neurodiversity, sociality]
Autistic Sociality
Authors: Ochs Elinor , Solomon Olga
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article is based on our decade‐long linguistic anthropological research on children with autism to introduce the notion of “autistic sociality” and to discuss its implications for an anthropological understanding of sociality. We define human sociality as consisting of a range of possibilities for social coordination with others that is influenced by the dynamics of both individuals and social groups. We argue that autistic sociality is one of these possible coordinations. Building our argument on ethnographic research that documents how sociality of children with autism varies across different situational conditions, we outline a “domain model” of sociality in which domains of orderly social coordination flourish when certain situational conditions are observed. Reaching toward an account that comprehends both social limitations and competencies that come together to compose autistic sociality, our analysis depicts autistic sociality not as an oxymoron but, rather, as a reality that reveals foundational properties of sociality along with the sociocultural ecologies that demonstrably promote or impede its development. In conclusion, we synthesize the “domain model” of sociality to present an “algorithm for autistic sociality” that enhances the social engagement of children with this disorder. [autism, sociality, conversation, theory of mind, baby talk]
Commentary: On Being Autistic, and Social
Authors: Grinker Roy Richard
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn psychology and allied disciplines, autism has been erroneously conceived as a disease that precludes meaningful social behavior. Anthropologists are beginning to address this problem by rejecting the narrow confines of what constitutes human social functioning, and by showing the complex ways in which autistic children and adults participate in and contribute to their societies. At the same time, anthropologists have begun to contextualize public debates about autism prevalence and etiology in historical and cultural processes. This commentary identifies two major disjunctions in contemporary public debates about autism: the first between a depersonalized form of knowledge constructed by science and a narcissistic claim for knowledge that privileges anecdotal, personal experience; the second between a “mainstream” discourse on science and a new discourse on science that explains autism in terms of environmental insults. These new environmental perspectives, especially those that concern vaccine damage, can be situated in late modernity. They mediate between a nostalgic memory of ontological certainty, trust, and authenticity and a postmodern world characterized by a loss of faith in scientific institutions. [autism, sociality, vaccines, advocacy]
Resistance to Low‐Temperature Degradation of Equimolar YO1.5–TaO2.5 Stabilized Tetragonal ZrO2 Ceramics in Air
Authors: Shen Yang , Clarke David R.
Published: March 2010

A narrow range of composition exists along the ZrO2–YTaO4 quasi‐binary in which the tetragonal phase can be retained on cooling. Ceramics within this region, corresponding to equimolar YO1.5 and TaO2.5 stabilizer concentrations, have been subject to accelerated testing for their susceptibility to moisture‐induced low‐temperature degradation (LTD) by annealing in air at 200°C. No low‐temperature transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic phase was evident even after 400 h in the tetragonal YO1.5–TaO2.5–ZrO2 ceramics, while 50% of tetragonal phase in a sintered 3 mol% Y2O3‐doped ZrO2 transformed into monoclinic after the same long‐term annealing. The results not only demonstrate the superiority in LTD of equimolar yttria–tantala‐doped zirconia (ZrO2) but have important implications for the proposed mechanisms of LTD in polycrystalline ZrO2.
The Evolution of Relevance
Authors: Scott‐Phillips Thomas C.
Published: March 2010

With human language, the same utterance can have different meanings in different contexts. Nevertheless, listeners almost invariably converge upon the correct intended meaning. The classic Gricean explanation of how this is achieved posits the existence of four maxims of conversation, which speakers are assumed to follow. Armed with this knowledge, listeners are able to interpret utterances in a contextually sensible way. This account enjoys wide acceptance, but it has not gone unchallenged. Specifically, Relevance Theory offers an explicitly cognitive account of utterance interpretation that presents a radical challenge to the neo‐Gricean paradigm. Evolutionary considerations are one way in which we can choose between competing theories. A simple game‐theoretic model of the evolution of communication is presented, and it is used to derive a number of basic qualities that will be satisfied by all evolved communication systems. These qualities are observed to precisely predict the foundational principles of Relevance Theory. The model thus provides biological support for that enterprise in general, and for the plausibility of the cognitive mechanisms that it describes in particular.
INTRODUCCIÓN
Authors: OSTERMAN Paul
Published: March 2010

Los artículos que componen el presente número monográfico de la Revista Internacional del Trabajo son fruto de un proyecto ambicioso de investigación comparada de ámbito internacional sobre el trabajo retribuido con salario bajo, que fue sufragado por la Fundación Russell Sage. El coordinador de la entrega, Paul Osterman, tras hacer un breve resumen de las razones de la investigación y de la metodología empleada, explica la validez que puede tener ésta para trazar unas políticas públicas acertadas con el fin de mejorar la calidad del empleo en la franja inferior del mercado laboral.
Comercio minorista de los Países Bajos. Salarios bajos y moderación salarial
Authors: VAN KLAVEREN Maarten , SALVERDA Wiemer , TIJDENS Kea
Published: March 2010

La moderación salarial es consustancial al «modelo socioeconómico neerlandés» desde el decenio de 1980. El trabajo de remuneración baja se ha difundido mucho al calor del descenso de los salarios mínimos, a la vez que se refrenaban los ingresos y el consumo. Ello ha deprimido la demanda en el comercio minorista, cuya fuerza de trabajo — y, sobre todo, muchos jóvenes dentro de la misma — practica a menudo la jornada parcial retribuida con un salario modesto. Las remuneraciones bajas son un factor que reduce la calidad del trabajo. El fenómeno se ha agravado por los salarios mínimos reservados a los jóvenes y por el sistema de becas que les permite estudiar y trabajar. La crisis actual puede frustrar el incipiente retorno a la profesionalidad.
¿Mejoraría el trabajo de remuneración baja un sistema salarial más incluyente? Estudio de los hospitales británicos
Authors: GRIMSHAW Damian
Published: March 2010

Las investigaciones internacionales han puesto de manifiesto la importancia de las instituciones en la estructura salarial de una economía. Un estudio acerca de siete hospitales públicos del Reino Unido corrobora que un sistema de fijación de salarios centralizado beneficia a las auxiliares de enfermería y a las limpiadoras, sobre todo si las condiciones pactadas en el sector público se extienden a los trabajadores empleados por subcontratistas. La renovación salarial sienta las bases para que desaparezca el trabajo con salario bajo. Y, a fin de que los trabajadores tomen la senda del perfeccionamiento profesional, los establecimientos deben concebir unos puestos nuevos y más cualificados y facilitar las carreras individuales en su seno.
Osteotome sinus floor elevation with or without grafting: a preliminary clinical trial
Authors: Lai Hong Chang , Zhuang Long‐Fei , Lv Xiao‐Fei , Zhang Zhi‐Yong , Zhang Yun‐Xin , Zhang Zhi‐Yuan
Published: March 2010

Objectives: This clinical trial aimed (1) to evaluate the predictability of the osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) technique, (2) to study the influence of simultaneous grafting on the clinical success of placing dental implants in the posterior maxilla using OSFE and (3) to observe the bone changes in the elevated space with OSFE without grafting.

Material and methods: Two hundred and eighty Straumann® implants were placed in the posterior maxillae of 202 patients using OSFE. One hundred and ninety‐one implants were placed in 125 patients without grafting. The implants were allowed to heal for 3–4 months for non‐grafted implants and for 6–8 months for grafted cases. For radiographic analyses, periapical and panoramic radiographs were taken of 30 implants at 3 and 9 months to assess the bone changes for the elevated sites without grafting.

Results: Two hundred and sixty‐eight of 280 implants fulfilling the survival criteria represented a cumulative survival rate of 95.71%. The residual bone height (RBH) was 5.6±2.5 mm for the non‐grafted group and 4.7±2.1 mm for the grafted group. The perforation rate was 4.29%. No significant differences were found between the two groups in RBH, survival rate or membrane perforation rate. The radiographic analyses demonstrated that new bone formation in the elevated sinus was visible and the endo‐sinus bone gain was 2.26±0.92 mm and 2.66±0.87 mm at 3‐ and 9‐ month follow‐up, respectively. Crestal bone loss (CBL) was 0.89±0.5 and 1.2±0.48 mm at 3 and 9 months. For the two test groups, RBH did not have a significant influence on the survival of the implants. At the 9‐month follow‐up, the endo‐sinus bone gain and CBL were not significantly correlated to RBH. The implant protrusion length was significantly correlated to the endo‐sinus bone gain.

Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated that uneventful osseointegration may be predictable on applying OSFE whether with or without grafting in atrophic posterior maxilla. Spontaneous new bone formation seemed to be expected with implants placed using OSFE without simultaneous grafting.

To cite this article:
 Lai H‐C, Zhuang L‐F, Lv X‐F, Zhang Z‐Y, Zhang Y‐X, Zhang Z‐Y. Osteotome sinus floor elevation with or without grafting: a preliminary clinical trial. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 520–526. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01889.x
Clinical and histomorphometric evaluation of extraction sockets treated with an autologous bone marrow graft
Authors: Pelegrine André Antonio , Da Costa Carlos Eduardo Sorgi , Correa Maria Elvira Pizzigatti , Marques José Francisco Comenalli
Published: March 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of an autologous bone marrow graft in preserving the alveolar ridges following tooth extraction.

Materials: Thirteen patients requiring extractions of 30 upper anterior teeth were enrolled in this study. They were randomized into two groups: seven patients with 15 teeth to be extracted in the test group and six patients with 15 teeth to be extracted in the control group. Hematologists collected 5 ml of bone marrow from the iliac crest of the patients in the test group immediately before the extractions. Following tooth extraction and elevation of a buccal full‐thickness flap, titanium screws were positioned throughout the buccal to the lingual plate and were used as reference points for measurement purposes. The sockets were grafted with an autologous bone marrow in the test sites and nothing was grafted in the control sites. After 6 months, the sites were re‐opened and bone loss measurements for thickness and height were taken. Additionally, before implant placement, bone cores were harvested and prepared for histologic and histomorphometric evaluation.

Results: The test group showed better results (P<0.05) in preserving alveolar ridges for thickness, with 1.14±0.87 mm (median 1) of bone loss, compared with the control group, which had 2.46±0.4 mm (median 2.5) of bone loss. The height of bone loss on the buccal plate was also greater in the control group than in the test group (P<0.05), 1.17±0.26 mm (median 1) and 0.62+0.51 (median 0.5), respectively. In five locations in the control group, expansion or bone grafting complementary procedures were required to install implants while these procedures were not required for any of the locations in the test group. The histomorphometric analysis showed similar amounts of mineralized bone in both the control and the test groups, 42.87±11.33% (median 43.75%) and 45.47±7.21% (median 45%), respectively.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that the autologous bone marrow graft can contribute to alveolar bone repair after tooth extraction.

To cite this article:
 Pelegrine AA, da Costa CES, Correa MEP, Marques JFC Jr. Clinical and histomorphometric evaluation of extraction sockets treated with an autologous bone marrow graft. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 535–542. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01891.x
Do elderly edentulous patients with a history of periodontitis harbor periodontal pathogens?
Authors: Fernandes Camila Borges , Aquino Davi Romeiro , Franco Gilson Cesar Nobre , Cortelli Sheila Cavalca , Costa Fernando Oliveira , Cortelli José Roberto
Published: March 2010

Objectives: The presence of periodontal pathogens in the oral cavity may impact implant survival. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter rectus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Eikenella corrodens and Parvimonas micra in a specific elderly population with a history of periodontitis who have never worn dentures.

Material and methods: Thirty dentate subjects (mean age 61.7±7.05 years) and 30 edentulous subjects (mean age 65.8±8.05 years) were included in this cross‐sectional study. Microbiological samples of cheek mucosa and the dorsum of the tongue were taken from all subjects. In addition, sulcus samples were taken from the dentate group. All samples were analysed using a bacterial DNA‐specific polymerase chain reaction.

Results: All the pathogens studied were detected in dentate and edentulous subjects. When cheek and tongue samples were combined, C. rectus, A. actinomycetemcomitans and E. corrodens presented with a similar prevalence in both groups, whereas the other species were more prevalent specifically in the dentate group (P<0.05). In dentate subjects, P. intermedia and T. denticola were present in higher frequencies in the cheek mucosa (26.67% and 66.67%, respectively), whereas P. gingivalis and T. forsythia were more prevalent in the tongue samples (26.67% and 56.67%, respectively).

Conclusions: Periodontal pathogens may persist in the oral cavity of edentulous subjects who have had periodontal disease, even 1 year after the extraction of all teeth and in the absence of other hard surfaces in the mouth.

To cite this article:
 Fernandes CB, Aquino DR, Franco GCN, Cortelli SC, Costa FO, Cortelli JR. Do elderly edentulous patients with a history of periodontitis harbor periodontal pathogens? Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 618–623. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01892.x
Scope, competences, learning outcomes and methods of periodontal education within the undergraduate dental curriculum: A Consensus report of the 1st European workshop on periodontal education – position paper 2 and consensus view 2
Authors: Sanz M. , Meyle J.
Published: March 2010

The explosion in new knowledge in the last three decades has imposed important challenges in the training of all health workers, including dentists. These breakthroughs do not rapidly permeate educational cirricula. This is particularly relevant in Periodontology, because of recent breakthroughs in diagnostics and therapeutic approaches and by the advent of new knowledge on the implications of periodontal and peri‐implant infections on systemic health and on ageing populations. Periodontology as one of the major oral health sciences requires a broad understanding of a spectrum of healthcare and basic sciences, together with specific education. In preparation for graduation, students must demonstrate a variety of acquired learning out‐comes, which, in turn demand variety in learning and teaching methods. Based on the ADEE principles for dental education and in full respect of the Bolonga process, this paper describes the competencies and learning outcomes which are requested in periodontology for the dentist at graduation.
Innovative educational methods and technologies applicable to continuing professional development in periodontology
Authors: Mattheos N. , Schoonheim‐Klein M. , Walmsley A. D. , Chapple I. L. C.
Published: March 2010

Continuous professional development (CPD) in Periodontology refers to the overall framework of opportunities that facilitate a life‐long learning practice, driven by the learner‐practitioner and supported by a variety of institutions and individuals. CPD must address different needs for a great diversity of practitioners. It is clear that no particular methodology or technology is able to successfully accommodate the entire spectrum of CPD in Periodontology. Course designers must choose from and combine a wide array of methodologies and technologies, depending upon the needs of the learners and the objectives of the intended education. Research suggests that ‘interactivity’, ‘flexibility’, ‘continuity’ and ‘relevance to learners’ practice’ are major characteristics of successful CPD. Various methods of mentoring, peer‐learning environments and work‐based learning have been combined with reflective practice and self‐study to form the methodological backbone of CPD courses. Blended learning encompasses a wide array of technologies and methodologies and has been successfully used in CPD courses. Internet‐based content learning management systems, portable Internet devices, powerful databases and search engines, together with initiatives such as ‘open access’ and ‘open courseware’ provide an array of effective instructional and communication tools. Assessment remains a key issue in CPD, providing learners with valuable feedback and it ensures the credibility and effectiveness of the learning process. Assessment is a multi‐level process using different methods for different learning outcomes, as directed by current evidence and best practices. Finally, quality assurance of the education provided must follow CPD courses at all times through a structured and credible process.
Sepsis in acute myeloid leukaemia patients receiving high‐dose chemotherapy: No impact of chitotriosidase and mannose‐binding lectin polymorphisms
Authors: Klostergaard Anja , Steffensen Rudi , Møller Jens K. , Peterslund Niels , Juhl‐Christensen Caroline , Mølle Ingolf
Published: March 2010

Infections after chemotherapy often cause significant morbidity in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Chitotriosidase (CHIT) and mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) are part of the innate immune system. Polymorphism in the CHIT‐coding gene (CHIT1) may be associated with Gram‐negative sepsis in children with AML, and polymorphism in the MBL‐coding gene (MBL2) seems to modify the risk of infections in several patient groups. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible associations between polymorphisms in CHIT1, MBL2 and sepsis in adult patients treated with high‐dose chemotherapy for AML. We included 190 patients treated with 526 cycles of chemotherapy. The follow‐up period was 6 months from the diagnosis of AML. Prophylactic antibiotics were not used. We identified 604 febrile episodes with 246 episodes of sepsis. Thirty‐two patients (17%) either died from infection or infection was a major concomitant factor for death. No significant associations between CHIT1 polymorphism and sepsis (P = 0.85) or death caused by sepsis (P = 0.14) were found. Furthermore, no significant associations between MBL2 polymorphism and sepsis (P = 0.76) or death caused by sepsis (P = 0.24) were observed. The severe and long‐lasting neutropenia and mucositis after chemotherapy may explain why the MBL system does not protect against sepsis in patients with AML. Replacement therapy with recombinant MBL is not likely to decrease the risk of sepsis in patients with AML.
Functional response and size‐dependent foraging on aquatic and terrestrial prey by brown trout (Salmo trutta L.)
Authors: Gustafsson P. , Bergman E. , Greenberg L. A.
Published: March 2010

Gustafsson P, Bergman E, Greenberg LA. Functional response and size‐dependent foraging on aquatic and terrestrial prey by brown trout (Salmo trutta L.).Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 170–177. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Abstract –  Terrestrial invertebrate subsidies are believed to be important energy sources for drift‐feeding salmonids. Despite this, size‐specific use of and efficiency in procuring this resource have not been studied to any great extent. Therefore, we measured the functional responses of three size classes of wild brown trout Salmo trutta (0+, 1+ and ≥2+) when fed either benthic‐ (Gammarus sp.) or surface‐drifting prey (Musca domestica) in laboratory experiments. To test for size‐specific prey preferences, both benthic and surface prey were presented simultaneously by presenting the fish with a constant density of benthic prey and a variable density of surface prey. The results showed that the functional response of 0+ trout differed significantly from the larger size classes, with 0+ fish having the lowest capture rates. Capture rates did not differ significantly between prey types. In experiments when both prey items were presented simultaneously, capture rate differed significantly between size classes, with larger trout having higher capture rates than smaller trout. However, capture rates within each size class did not change with prey density or prey composition. The two‐prey experiments also showed that 1+ trout ate significantly more surface‐drifting prey than 0+ trout. In contrast, there was no difference between 0+ and ≥2+ trout. Analyses of the vertical position of the fish in the water column corroborated size‐specific foraging results: larger trout remained in the upper part of the water column between attacks on surface prey more often than smaller trout, which tended to seek refuge at the bottom between attacks. These size‐specific differences in foraging and vertical position suggest that larger trout may be able to use surface‐drifting prey to a greater extent than smaller conspecifics.
Hematological, biochemical, respiratory, cardiovascular and electroneurophysiological parameters in African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). Its use in non‐clinical toxicological studies
Authors: Casacó Angel , Beausoleil Irene , Gonzalez Bárbara , Luaces Patricia , León Avelina , Arteaga María E. , Prado Pavel , Rodríguez Valia , Pérez Aylén , Guevara Grisel , Bada Ana M. , Ledón Nuris , Fuentes Dasha , González Consuelo , Hernandez Osvaldo , Orphee Romy , Blanco Diuris , García‐Osuma Miriam , Ballester‐Labrada Alcides
Published: March 2010

Background  The purpose of this study is to better characterize the hematological, biochemical, respiratory, cardiovascular and electroneurophysiological parameters in young adult Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus of both sexes. The rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys are widely used as experimental primate models. However, only few articles have been published testing toxicological effects of pharmaceuticals on African green monkey.

Methods  The present study was carried out with the recompilation of all parameters recorded before the first drug administration in five sub‐chronic or chronic toxicological studies performed on 66 Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus, born in Cuba.

Results  This study provides hematological, biochemical, respiratory, cardiovascular and electroneurophysiological data for both choosing animals to be included into experiments and monitoring these parameters during the study.

Conclusions  We conclude that this study provides valuable integrated data for determining the health status, including electroneurophysiological parameters, data not previously reported for this species, of the African green monkey.
Rehabilitation of an extracted anterior tooth space using fiber‐reinforced composite and the natural tooth
Authors: Bagis Bora , Satiroglu Ipek , Korkmaz Fatih Mehmet , Ates Sabit Melih
Published: March 2010

Abstract –  Conservative solutions for the restoration of a single edentulous space in the anterior maxilla present an esthetic challenge to the clinician. A 45‐year‐old male patient whose right upper central tooth was planned to be extracted was referred to our clinic for a conservative, rapid, and economic treatment. After radiographic and clinical examinations, it was decided that the tooth which was to be extracted should be used for the restoration of its own extracted area. The extracted tooth was splinted to adjacent teeth with the aid of the grooves and fiber‐reinforced composite (everStick®, StickTech Ltd., Turku, Finland). Following an early and unexpected failure of the restoration, the fiber layer was thickened twice with a flowable composite resin (Stick Flow, Stick Tech Ltd.) which fit better to the grooves. The restoration satisfied the patient with a good mechanical behavior, esthetics, and long‐term durability after 12 months while. Restoring the missing tooth area with the patient’s own tooth is advantageous when combined with modern adhesive techniques. The clinician must pay attention to the mechanical adaptation of the restoration and the technique sensitivity of the applied adhesive system.
The efficacy of direct tissue fluorescence visualization in screening for oral premalignant lesions in general practice: an update
Authors: López‐Jornet P , De la Mano‐Espinosa T
Published: March 2010

To cite this article:
 
Int J Dent Hygiene
9, 2011; 97–100  DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2010.00446.x López‐Jornet P, De la Mano‐Espinosa T. The efficacy of direct tissue fluorescence visualization in screening for oral premalignant lesions in general practice.

Abstract:  Objective:  The aim of this communication is to revise papers published on autofluorescence imaging, a non‐invasive technique that is used to identify neoplastic oral cavity lesions.

Methods:  A literature search was performed, using the PubMed database and the key words ‘autofluorescence’ and ‘Velscope’, limiting the search to papers in English or Spanish published from 2002 to June 2009.

Results:  The Velscope® system has a sensitivity of 98–100% and specificity of 94–100%. Autofluoresence is a supplementary tool used in the diagnosis of oral cancer, although other more reliable and robust studies are needed for confirmation.

Conclusions:  There is insufficient evidence to demonstrate that its use as an adjunct to conventional oral screening provides additional benefit to conventional oral cancer screening alone.
Effects of Pilot Hole Size and Bone Density on Miniscrew Implants' Stability
Authors: Hung Emily , Oliver Donald , Kim Ki Beom , Kyung Hee‐Moon , Buschang Peter H.
Published: March 2010

Problem: How does pilot hole size and bone density affect the primary stability of miniscrew implants (MSIs)?

Methods: Using 120 MSIs divided equally into six groups, this 2 × 3 factorial design evaluated the effects of synthetic bone density (0.64 g/cc vs 0.8 g/cc cortices) and pilot hole size (no pilot hole, 1.0 mm pilot hole, and 1.4 mm pilot hole) on maximum insertion torque and pullout strength. The maximum placement torque was measured as the last thread of the MSIs was inserted. The pullout strength test applied a vertical force at 10 mm/min until failure.

Results: The insertion torque and pullout strength values were significantly (p ≤ .05) greater for the MSIs placed in high‐density than in low‐density cortical bone. The insertion torque and pullout strength decreased as pilot hole size increased, with significant (p ≤ .05) differences between all three subgroups. Insertion torque and pullout strength were significantly intercorrelated for all subgroupings, with stronger correlations in denser bone having smaller or no pilot holes.

Conclusion: Depending on bone density, pilot holes of limited size can be used to optimize primary stability by decreasing insertion torque while maintaining the pullout strength of bone.
Abiotic and Biotic Stresses and Changes in the Lignin Content and Composition in Plants
Authors: Moura Jullyana Cristina Magalhães Silva , Bonine Cesar Augusto Valencise , De Oliveira Fernandes Viana Juliana , Dornelas Marcelo Carnier , Mazzafera Paulo
Published: March 2010

Lignin is a polymer of phenylpropanoid compounds formed through a complex biosynthesis route, represented by a metabolic grid for which most of the genes involved have been sequenced in several plants, mainly in the model‐plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Populus. Plants are exposed to different stresses, which may change lignin content and composition. In many cases, particularly for plant‐microbe interactions, this has been suggested as defence responses of plants to the stress. Thus, understanding how a stressor modulates expression of the genes related with lignin biosynthesis may allow us to develop study‐models to increase our knowledge on the metabolic control of lignin deposition in the cell wall. This review focuses on recent literature reporting on the main types of abiotic and biotic stresses that alter the biosynthesis of lignin in plants.
THE SHORT‐TERM POVERTY IMPACT OF SMALL‐SCALE, COLLATERAL‐FREE MICROCREDIT IN INDONESIA: A MATCHING ESTIMATOR APPROACH
Authors: TAKAHASHI Kazushi , HIGASHIKATA Takayuki , TSUKADA Kazunari
Published: March 2010

Indonesian microfinance is primarily operated by for‐profit commercial banks, characterized by large‐scale loans that require collateral. In 2003, the largest nongovernmental organization in the country introduced much smaller‐scale loans without a collateral requirement. This scheme is commercialized but potentially more suited to the credit demands of the poor. Applying propensity score matching with the difference‐in‐difference method, this paper examines whether the emerging microcredit scheme has been successful in targeting and improving the welfare of the poor in the one year following loan disbursement. The results show that although collateral ownership is not an important determinant of participation, relatively wealthier families gain access to microcredit. The impact of microcredit on various household outcomes is generally statistically insignificant, except for sales of nonfarm enterprises for the nonpoor and schooling expenditures for the poor. This implies that the microcredit scheme under study might not have an immediate impact on poverty alleviation.
COMMERCIALIZATION OF MICROFINANCE IN INDONESIA: THE SHORTAGE OF FUNDS AND THE LINKAGE PROGRAM
Authors: HAMADA Miki
Published: March 2010

Financial sustainability is important for management of microfinance institutions, but funding is always a difficult problem for them. Commercialization is expected to be one of the solutions. This article focuses on the people's credit bank (BPR), which is a commercialized but small‐scale unit bank in Indonesia, and examines the effects of a liquidity support scheme, a linkage program, on BPR. The results of regression analysis, using financial data from a total of 1,104 BPRs, reveal that bank loans contribute to the expansion of BPR credit. Moreover, the effect of bank loans through the linkage program has been larger than that of bank loans only. Funds from saving and deposits have had the largest effect on the expansion of BPR credit. Concerning profitability, bank loans affect the return on assets positively, but there is no obvious effect of participation in the linkage program.
Factorial Invariance Within Longitudinal Structural Equation Models: Measuring the Same Construct Across Time
Authors: Widaman Keith F. , Ferrer Emilio , Conger Rand D.
Published: March 2010

Abstract— Charting change in behavior as a function of age and investigating longitudinal relations among constructs are primary goals of developmental research. Traditionally, researchers rely on a single measure (e.g., scale score) for a given construct for each person at each occasion of measurement, assuming that measure reflects the same construct at each occasion. With multiple indicators of a latent construct at each time of measurement, the researcher can evaluate whether factorial invariance holds. If factorial invariance constraints are satisfied, latent variable scores at each time of measurement are on the same metric and stronger conclusions are warranted. This article discusses factorial invariance in longitudinal studies, contrasting analytic approaches and highlighting strengths of the multiple‐indicator approach to modeling developmental processes.
Political Violence and Disruptions in the Development of Moral Agency
Authors: Wainryb Cecilia , Pasupathi Monisha
Published: March 2010

Abstract—Researchers have studied the effects of exposure to long‐term political violence on children largely in terms of adverse mental health outcomes, typically measured in relation to symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder. This study argues that for children, the important aftereffects of exposure to political violence extend beyond emotional distress to influence the development of morality. It points to 2 specific disruptions likely to occur in the development of moral agency and concludes by outlining future research directions and speculating about implications for policy and intervention.
Talking About Science in Museums
Authors: Haden Catherine A.
Published: March 2010

Abstract—New research in museums offers a unique vantage point for observing how parent–child conversational interactions may help children learn science in everyday settings. Recent studies in this area pinpoint the role of elaborative conversation—including open‐ended Wh‐ questions and explanatory comments—in children’s understanding of scientific concepts, and more generalized effects on children’s attitudes and ways of making meaning may exist as well. This review places this work in its theoretical context and discusses its potential to illuminate social mediators underlying children’s learning processes and outcomes.
Mortality Reduction With β‐Blockers in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Lin Terence , Hasaniya Nahidh W. , Krider Susan , Razzouk Anees , Wang Nan , Chiong Jun R.
Published: March 2010

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with systolic heart failure (HF) carries high morbidity and mortality rates. Reducing perioperative mortality with β‐blockers (BBs) may help improve outcomes. Analysis of 4903 patients who underwent isolated CABG surgery was performed. In‐hospital mortality of systolic HF patients who received BBs was 2.03%; systolic HF patients who did not receive BBs had a mortality of 5.20%. Thirty‐day mortality was 2.98% in the patients with systolic HF who received BBs and 6.16% in the patients who did not. β‐Blockade did not affect the mortality in patients with preserved systolic function. Cardiogenic shock was a predictor of increased mortality in patients with systolic HF, while BBs reduced mortality. BBs are associated with decreased in‐hospital and 30‐day mortality in patients with systolic HF. BB therapy should be considered in patients with systolic HF who are undergoing CABG. Congest Heart Fail. 2010;16:170–174. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tachycardia‐Induced Cardiomyopathy: Evaluation and Therapeutic Options
Authors: Lishmanov Anton , Chockalingam Priya , Senthilkumar Annamalai , Chockalingam Anand
Published: March 2010

Tachycardia‐induced cardiomyopathy is caused by sustained rapid ventricular rates and is one of the well‐known forms of reversible myocardial dysfunction. The diagnosis is usually made retrospectively after marked improvement in systolic function is noted following control of the heart rate. Physicians should be aware that patients with seemingly idiopathic systolic dysfunction may have tachycardia‐induced cardiomyopathy and that controlling the heart rate may result in improvement or even complete restoration of systolic function. Congest Heart Fail. 2010;16:122–126. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Osseointegration of Ti implants in buccal alveolar bone defect filled with bioactive glasses in dog mandible
Authors: De Oliveira Jabur R. , Trivellato A.E. , Peitl O. , Da Rocha Barros V.M.
Published: March 2010

Aim:  The aim of the present study was to investigate the amount of bone formation on titanium (Ti) implants in sites subjected to buccal alveolar crest defects and filled with different bone substitutes.

Materials and methods:  Mandibular premolars and first molars were extracted from five dogs. After 12 weeks, three implants (Neodent®, implant size: 3.75 × 9.0 mm, Curitiba, PR, Brazil) were bilaterally placed (total of 30 implants) in sites with buccal alveolar bone defects (length 45 mm, height 6 mm depth, 4 mm) created in the mandible. Each implantation site was randomly treated with Biosilicate (novel highly bioactive glass‐ceramic), Bioglass 45S5 (Biogran®, Implant Innovations, Barcelona, Spain), autogenous bone or no treatment. At 18 weeks after implantation, the hemi‐mandibles containing the implants were removed and processed for ground sections aiming to histological and histometric [bone‐implant contact (BIC), mineralised bone matrix between implant threads (BA) and bone matrix within mirror area (BMA)] analysis. Data were subjected to non‐parametric Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results:  The percentage of BIC, BA and mineralised BMA in the treated or non‐treated sites were not statistically different among the four experimental groups.

Conclusion:  These results indicate that the presence of the bone substitutes evaluated did not promote bone formation on Ti implants surface. In addition, tissue response to Biosilicate was similar to that of Bioglass 45S5 and autogenous bone.
A PROPOSAL FOR A LEXICON TO EURIPIDES
Authors: Collard C.
Published: March 2010

I have to begin by thanking the Editors for giving space to a paper of this kind, which deliberately invites criticism and may, if sufficiently ill-received, turn out to be an obituary rather than a prospectus. I think I have convinced myself of the need for a Lexicon to Euripides, and my informal soundings of fellow tragedians have been, by and large, encouraging. If I here try to demonstrate the need, I am not yet clear about the form the Lexicon should take; I invite criticism particularly of the proposals advanced in §§ II and III.
THE ATTIC PHORMISKOS: PROBLEMS OF ORIGIN AND FUNCTION
Authors: HATZIVASSILIOU ELENI
Published: March 2010

The origin, function, and nomenclature of the Attic pear-shaped black-figured vases broadly referred to as ‘Attic phormiskoi’ are matters of continuing scholarly dispute. This paper addresses these issues through a consideration of both the literary and iconographical evidence for ‘phormiskoi’ as cloth, leather, or net-bags containing astragals, and the shape and decoration of the vases themselves. In the past, scholars have emphasized the shape of Attic phormiskoi in seeking to understand their function; their figure decoration has not previously attracted scholarly attention, other than to cite its funerary character as an indicator of the purpose of the vases. This paper demonstrates that the iconography of Attic phormiskoi can prove illuminating.
THE BABY AS HERO? THE ROLE OF THE INFANT IN MENANDER
Authors: HEAP ANGELA M.
Published: March 2010

Babies are prominent in Menander to a degree that is unusual in ancient drama. It is clear from the fact that they entered the iconography that the scenes in which they appear were memorable for the audience. Babies provide, by their actual presence on stage, or by means of reactions to their existence, powerful reminders of such important themes as Athenian male anxieties about illegitimacy or the dangers that might pose a threat to one's freeborn status and privileges. They also provide the means of creating, at one end of the spectrum, pathos, and, at the other end, farce. Whether on stage, or off stage, or as the subject of dialogue and monologue, they constitute a coherent link in the action. Most importantly, however, in Samia and Epitrepontes, at least, they act as a touchstone for the characterization.
CLASSICAL POTTERY FROM ANCIENT CORINTH THE A. D. TRENDALL MEMORIAL LECTURE 2003
Authors: MCPHEE IAN
Published: March 2010

This paper examines certain aspects of ceramic production in Corinth during the second half of the 5th and the 4th centuries BCE, mainly based upon the pottery found in a single deposit, Drain 1971–1. The introduction of the red-figure technique, and of shapes such as the stemless bell-krater and the krater of Falaieff type is considered; and the development of the Corinth oinochoe briefly outlined. The re-introduction of new decorative techniques and the development of new shapes show the continuing inventiveness of Corinthian potters in the Classical period, particularly with regard to utilitarian pottery. Changes in sympotic pottery and in drinking habits in the middle and third quarter of the 5th century, and again in the late 4th and early 3rd century, are suggested.
CALLIMACHUS' HYMN TO ARTEMIS AND THE TRADITION OF RHAPSODIC HYMN
Authors: FAIN G. L.
Published: March 2010

Callimachus' Hymns were written in the tradition of the rhapsodic Homeric Hymns and make constant, though usually oblique and often amusing, reference to these archaic poems. This allusion is particularly extensive in the Hymn to Artemis, the only Callimachus Hymn to proceed like most longer Homeric Hymns, with brief introduction and prolonged narration. Then, just as the poem seems to end, it begins anew, not once but over and over again. The middle of the poem is clearly based on the Homeric Hymn to Apollo, which also begins anew at the Delian/Pythian transition. The correspondences are so great that Callimachus must have had this poem in much the form we do. The choice of the Apollo Hymn as model reflects the theme of sibling rivalry that pervades the Artemis Hymn: even in her own poem, Artemis can't escape the influence of her brother.
ARISTOTLE ON COLOUR, LIGHT AND IMPERCEPTIBLES
Authors: SORABJI RICHARD
Published: March 2010

Aristotle On Sense Perception 3, 6, and 7 explains the nature of light and of the borrowed colour of the sea. These need distinguishing from each other and from non-borrowed colour. Aristotle also allows imperceptible sounds and changes of pitch, yet denies imperceptible times. Why? I suggest that the discussion of imperceptible change of pitch is the target attacked in Theophrastus' account of singing. The theory of imperceptible times attacked seems unexpectedly elaborate, and I suggest it is a version of one found in the pseudo-Aristotelian de Audibilibus.
GREEK DRAMA: IMAGE AND AUDIENCE(S) THE T. B. L. WEBSTER MEMORIAL LECTURE 2003
Authors: DAVIDSON JOHN
Published: March 2010

This paper considers some of the ways in which Greek drama might be said to have been advertised and marketed, and also the processes by which its image, both directly and indirectly, has been developed, promoted, and preserved. Consideration is also given to the different types of audiences which have viewed Greek drama, both as a theatrical phenomenon, and also through the lens of pictorial images. In particular, an attempt is made to build up some kind of profile of fifth- and fourth-century audiences, seen as collections of individual spectators, rather than in terms of general concepts such as ‘Athenians’ or ‘male citizens’.