bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrative Care Model for Neurology and Psychiatry
Authors: Fenton Lynne , Rothberg Brian , Strom Laura , Heru Allison M. , Brown Mesha-Gay
Published: August 2017

Nonepileptic seizures resemble epileptic seizures but lack epileptiform activity on an electroencephalogram and presumably have psychopathologic origins. Psychiatric comorbidities are common, and effective management requires psychiatric treatment. Unfortunately, many patients fear that seeing a psychiatrist implies their episodes are not being taken seriously and that their neurologist might perceive them as producing their symptoms willfully. Patients might feel abandoned if their neurologist refers them to a psychiatrist and indicates that they no longer need to be seen by the neurologist. Consequently, patients often resist undergoing psychiatric evaluation. To help address this problem our team piloted a program integrating psychiatric and neurologic approaches, placing a therapeutic treatment group within the neurology outpatient department. This chapter reviews the clinical features of non-epileptic seizures, including diagnosis and treatment, and presents our team’s integrated treatment approach.
Wellness
Authors: Lipman Meegan , Calderone Jacqueline , Yager Joel , Waugh Maryann
Published: August 2017

Lifestyle behaviors that contribute to wellness, specifically those involving physical exercise, healthy nutrition and weight management, healthy sleep patterns, and stress reduction, are of significant concern to clinicians and patients. Attending to these areas is critical, not only to prevent illness but also to reduce the deleterious impacts of existing chronic diseases on morbidity and mortality. Integrated primary care practices can readily establish and employ protocols for systematically addressing these important areas of overall physical and emotional functioning. This chapter discusses ways that primary care practices and team members can emphasize wellness in their integrated care services. The discussion covers assessing patients’ lifestyle choices, providing advice for improving health behaviors, developing agreed-upon interventions, assisting patients with related health behavior modifications and alterations, and arranging for improved patient access to and engagement with resources and programs that promote overall wellness.
Integrated Chronic Pain and Psychiatric Management
Authors: McCarron Robert M. , Ramezani Amir , Koebner Ian , Sheth Samir J , Palka Jessica
Published: August 2017

Both physical pain and psychiatric disorders are widely prevalent, and collectively they account for the most frequently presenting complaints in the primary care setting. These conditions are a complex challenge for both the patient and provider, with frequent high use of medical services and increased morbidity. The Integrated Behavioral Pain Medicine (IBPM) treatment model incorporates a multidisciplinary, biopsychosocial, team-based approach for patients who have chronic and largely treatment-refractory pain. IBPM uses an integrated care team of providers and coordinators, who collectively work with the chronic pain patient to individualize a pain management plan, which may include pharmacologic management, cognitive-behavioral therapy, trauma-focused therapy, biofeedback, mindfulness, acupuncture, nutrition, behavioral weight and sleep management, and physical therapy. Ideally, primary care providers will refer patients to an IBPM model of care, but if the treatment model is not available in a specific area, a piecemeal approach with partial use of services is recommended.
Treatment
Authors: Laureno Robert
Published: August 2017

This chapter on “Treatment” examines the roles of evidence-based medicine and empirical evidence, including systematic reviews and therapeutic guidelines. The two ultimate goals of treatment are emphasized: to treat the disease and to treat the patient. How the neurologist can successfully structure treatment toward these goals is of paramount importance. The use of published criteria, randomized controlled studies, and trial-and-error in the selection of appropriate treatment are discussed, as well as the pitfalls of relying too heavily on statistical significance. The costs versus benefits of treatments and the issue of noncompliance are discussed, along with the neurologist’s interaction with the neurosurgical patient. Above all, the provision of reassurance is emphasized.
Selected Concepts
Authors: Laureno Robert
Published: August 2017

This chapter on “Selected Concepts” examines the evolution of neurological concepts during the modern era. Examples presented include the concepts of transient ischemic attack, disconnection syndrome, thoracic outlet syndrome, and Wilbrand’s knee. Over the past half century, neurology has witnessed great technological advances. Newer scientific methods, such as MRI scanning, have led to new knowledge that has necessitated changes in neurologic concepts. During recent decades, new concepts have emerged. Infectious proteins, antibody-mediated brain disease, channelopathies, and the glymphatic system are relatively new ideas, and we cannot foresee how our understanding of these concepts will be advanced or modified in the coming decades.
The evolution of community outreach
Authors: Burns Tom , Firn Mike
Published: August 2017

This chapter traces the origin of the multidisciplinary team as a response to the wide range of needs of deinstitutionalized and ‘never institutionalized’ patients as care has become established in the community. It charts the early pragmatic and local evolution of CMHTs and case management and care management. It outlines how this was followed by a radical change around 1980 with the first published studies of assertive community treatment (ACT) in the US. A more rigorous, theoretically informed, and international research driven approach has become the norm. This has explored the relevance or otherwise of several of the underlying principles such as the team approach and 24-hour availability.
Employment
Authors: Burns Tom , Firn Mike
Published: August 2017

Employment rates for people with severe mental illness are low. Stigma and dependency on welfare benefits act as barriers to employment. The case for the promotion of employment opportunities is driven by the recovery approach but also by economics. This chapter presents the principles and relative evidence base for the effectiveness of pre-vocational training, clubhouses, sheltered employment, and more direct intervention programmes such as individual placement and support. Case studies are used to provide a practical approach and to illustrate the focus on patients’ strengths, not deficits, concerning employment.
Basic pathology
Authors: Carton James
Published: August 2017

This chapter begins by covering basic pathological concepts, including definitions of common pathological terms, nomenclature, and classification, and discusses cellular adaptations, cellular death, inflammation and healing, innate and adaptive immunity, hypersensitivity reactions, neoplasia, and carcinogenesis.
Cardiac pathology
Authors: Carton James
Published: August 2017

This chapter covers cardiac pathology, including congenital heart disease (CHD), angina pectoris, unstable angina, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, ST-elevation myocardial infarction, left ventricular failure (LVF), right ventricular failure (RVF), valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathies, infective endocarditis, myocarditis, and pericarditis.
Lung pathology
Authors: Carton James
Published: August 2017

This chapter discusses lung pathology and covers respiratory malformations, respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, pulmonary hypertension, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bacterial pneumonia, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), hypersensitivity pneumonitis, lung carcinoma, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, and malignant mesothelioma.
Skin pathology
Authors: Carton James
Published: August 2017

This chapter discusses skin pathology, including eczema/dermatitis, psoriasis, lichen planus, erythema multiforme, granuloma annulare, pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum, acne vulgaris, rosacea, skin infections, benign epidermal tumours, benign melanocytic tumours, benign cutaneous soft tissue tumours, benign skin adnexal tumours, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, mycosis fungoides, mycosis fungoides, and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
Osteoarticular pathology
Authors: Carton James
Published: August 2017

This chapter discusses osteoarticular pathology, including osteoporosis, osteopetrosis, rickets and osteomalacia, Paget’s disease, osteomyelitis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathies, crystal arthropathies, septic arthritis, periprosthetic reactions, soft tissue and bone tumours, benign soft tissue tumours, malignant soft tissue tumours, benign bone tumours, and malignant bone tumours.
Troubleshooting and Error Reporting
Authors: Lei Yuan
Published: August 2017

‘Troubleshooting and Error Reporting’ guides the reader through those inevitable problems that arise during mechanical ventilation. It focuses on troubleshooting or the process of identifying root causes and taking corrective actions to eliminate them. The chapter starts with a description of troubleshooting in general, including prevention, reaction, root causes, and problem classification. It continues with a discussion of emergency management. The chapter provides a detailed explanation of common ventilation problems related to gas and electrical supplies, disconnections, leaks, and occlusion. The chapter ends by providing guidance for error reporting.
Special Incidents
Authors: Greaves Ian , Hunt Paul
Published: August 2017

Chapter 6 covers general information on animal health, the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), animal disease control including UK disease alert status, how to deal with an exotic disease outbreak, stages of a foot and mouth disease incident, major incidents on the rail network, flooding and national rescue programme, air incidents, river and maritime incidents, dealing with a suspect package (‘white powder incident’), and risk assessment.
Communications
Authors: Greaves Ian , Hunt Paul
Published: August 2017

Chapter 7 outlines the vital importance of effective and resilient communication at every level. It covers information on communication methods, planning, resilient communications, communication requirements, radio systems, risks from radio transmission, telecommunications systems, information sharing, and maps and symbols.
Post-Incident Recovery and Business Continuity
Authors: Greaves Ian , Hunt Paul
Published: August 2017

Chapter 13 covers information on the recovery process, community recovery committees, structure and function of the recovery coordinating group, agency roles, handover from response to recovery, identifying lessons from a major incident, business continuity, humanitarian consequences, resistance and resilience, foreign nationals, memorials and commemorations, shelter, return, investigations and enquiries, and victim identification
Psychological Aspects of Major Incidents
Authors: Greaves Ian , Hunt Paul
Published: August 2017

Chapter 14 covers information on individual risk factors, adverse psychological effects, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychological ‘first aid’, management of mental health issues, components of an effective response, dealing with psychological problems in emergency personnel, mass sociogenic illness, behavioural changes following an incident, and psychological problems in children.
Dealing with the Media
Authors: Greaves Ian , Hunt Paul
Published: August 2017

Chapter 15 covers information on briefing the media, warning and informing the public, challenges of dealing with the media, central government media arrangements, social media, the roles of the media at a major incident, working with the media, the media communications specialist, the media liaison officer, controlling media access at the scene, casualty figures and briefings, and VIP visits.
Systematic Identification of LAEs for Visible Exploration and Reionization Research Using Subaru HSC (SILVERRUSH). I. Program strategy and clustering properties of ∼2000 Lyα emitters at z = 6–7 over the 0.3–0.5 Gpc2 survey area
Authors: Ouchi Masami , Harikane Yuichi , Shibuya Takatoshi , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Taniguchi Yoshiaki , Konno Akira , Kobayashi Masakazu , Kajisawa Masaru , Nagao Tohru , Ono Yoshiaki , Inoue Akio K , Umemura Masayuki , Mori Masao , Hasegawa Kenji , Higuchi Ryo , Komiyama Yutaka , Matsuda Yuichi , Nakajima Kimihiko , Saito Tomoki , Wang Shiang-Yu
Published: August 2017

We present the SILVERRUSH program strategy and clustering properties investigated with ∼2000 Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z = 5.7 and 6.6 found in the early data of the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Subaru Strategic Program survey exploiting the carefully designed narrow-band filters. We derive angular correlation functions with the unprecedentedly large samples of LAEs at z = 6–7 over the large total area of 14–21 deg2 corresponding to 0.3–0.5 comoving Gpc2. We obtain the average large-scale bias values of bavg = 4.1 ± 0.2 (4.5 ± 0.6) at z = 5.7 (z = 6.6) for ≳ L* LAEs, indicating a weak evolution of LAE clustering from z = 5.7 to 6.6. We compare the LAE clustering results with two independent theoretical models that suggest an increase of an LAE clustering signal by the patchy ionized bubbles at the epoch of reionization (EoR), and estimate the neutral hydrogen fraction to be $x_{\rm H\,{\small I}}=0.15^{+0.15}_{-0.15}$ at z = 6.6. Based on the halo occupation distribution models, we find that the ≳ L* LAEs are hosted by dark-matter halos with an average mass of $\log (\left\langle M_{\rm h} \right\rangle /M_\odot ) =11.1^{+0.2}_{-0.4}$ ($10.8^{+0.3}_{-0.5}$) at z = 5.7 (6.6) with a Lyα duty cycle of 1% or less, where the results of z = 6.6 LAEs may be slightly biased, due to the increase of the clustering signal at the EoR. Our clustering analysis reveals the low-mass nature of ≳ L* LAEs at z = 6–7, and that these LAEs probably evolve into massive super-L* galaxies in the present-day universe.
Factors Associated with Opioid Initiation in OEF/OIF/OND Veterans with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Hudson Teresa J , Painter Jacob T , Gressler Laura E , Lu Liya , Williams J Silas , Booth Brenda M , Martin Bradley C , Sullivan Mark D , Edlund Mark J
Published: August 2017

Objective

These analyses examined opioid initiation and chronic use among Iraq (OIF) and Afghanistan (OEF/OND) veterans with a new diagnosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).

Methods

Data were obtained from national VHA data repositories. Analyses included OEF/OIF/OND veterans with a new TBI diagnosis in 2010–2012 who used the VHA at least twice, had not received a VHA opioid prescription in the 365 days before diagnosis, and had at least 365 days of data available after TBI diagnosis.

Results

Analyses included 35,621 veterans. Twenty-one percent initiated opioids; among new initiators, 23% used chronically. The mean dose was 24.0 mg morphine equivalent dose (MED) daily (SD = 24.26); mean days supplied was 60.52 (SD = 74.69). Initiation was significantly associated with age 36–45 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01–1.17, P = 0.04), female gender (OR = 1.22, P < 0.001), having back pain (OR = 1.38, P < 0.0001), arthritis/joint pain (OR = 1.24, P < 0.0001), or neuropathic pain (OR = 1.415, P < 0.02). In veterans age 36–45 years, those living in small rural areas had higher odds of chronic opioid use (OR = 1.31, P < 0.0001, and OR = 1.33, P = 0.006, respectively) and back pain (OR = 1.36, P = 0.003). Headache/migraine pain was associated with decreased odds of chronic opioid use (OR = 0.639, P = 0.003).

Conclusions

Prevalence of opioid use is relatively low among OEF/OIF/OND veterans with newly diagnosed TBI who are using VHA. Among those who initiated opioids, about 25% use them chronically. Prescribing was mostly limited to moderate doses, with most veterans using opioids for approximately two months of the 12-month study period.
Effect of Damaged Starch and NaCl Level on the Dough Handling Properties of a Canadian Western Red Spring Wheat
Authors: Stone Andrea K. , Hucl Pierre J. , Scanlon Martin G. , Nickerson Michael T.
Published: August 2017

The effects of damaged starch and NaCl (1 and 2% w/w [flour weight]) on the dough handling properties of a wheat flour (Triticum asetivum L. ‘Roblin’) were investigated with rheological and textural methods. Damaged starch levels of the base flour and three remilled flours (using reduction rolls with decreasing gap sizes) were 5.42, 6.23, 7.30, and 8.43%. Rheological measurements on the dough showed that the complex modulus increased and the loss tangent (tan δ) decreased with increasing damaged starch levels in the flour, indicating that greater amounts of damaged starch produced stiffer dough. The base flour produced doughs with the highest creep compliance value (Jmax), whereas the flour with the most damaged starch deformed the least. Higher levels of salt produced stiffer dough that deformed less, as evident by the higher complex modulus and lower creep compliance, compared with 1% NaCl. Damaged starch overall decreased dough stickiness (N), work of adhesion (N·s), and cohesiveness (mm). Increasing the salt content decreased the stickiness of the doughs. Increasing the damaged starch greatly increased dough extensibility at 1% NaCl. The greater amounts of damaged starch in the remilled flour mitigated some of the negative effects of reducing the salt content on the dough machinability.
Insights into the potential antidepressant mechanisms of cilostazol in chronically restraint rats: impact on the Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Abuelezz Sally A. , Hendawy Nevien
Published: August 2017

Ample evidence has pointed to a close link between oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and depression. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of cellular redox homeostasis and affects mitochondrial function. Nrf2 holds promise for depression prevention and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the potential prophylactic antidepressant effect of cilostazol and the contribution of the Nrf2 pathway toward the putative neuroprotection. The behavioral and neurochemical effects of concomitant treatment of oral cilostazol at doses of 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg/day in Wistar rats exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS) for 4 weeks were assayed. Cilostazol prevented CRS-induced depressive-like behavior shown in sucrose-preference, forced-swimming, and open-field tests, and hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis hyperactivity (adrenal gland weight and serum corticosterone). Cilostazol prevented CRS-induced increase in hippocampal lipid peroxidation and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, and a decrease in antioxidant activities (glutathione level, superoxide dismutase, and catalase). Western blot and PCR showed that cilostazol favorably modulated the Nrf2 protein and heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H: quinone
oxidoreductase-1 gene expression in the hippocampus of CRS rats. Cilostazol also prevented the decrease in the hippocampal activities of mitochondrial respiratory enzyme complexes I–IV. These behavioral and biochemical findings indicated the potential prophylactic antidepressant effect and mechanism of cilostazol by preventing oxidative stress by activation of redox defense mechanisms mediated through the Nrf2 pathway and restoring mitochondrial dysfunction.
Long-term Outcome of Argon Laser Peripheral Iridoplasty in the Management of Plateau Iris Syndrome Eyes
Authors: Peterson Jeffrey R. , Anderson John W. , Blieden Lauren S. , Chuang Alice Z. , Feldman Robert M. , Bell Nicholas P.
Published: August 2017

Purpose:

To report long-term (>5 y) outcomes of plateau iris syndrome patients treated with argon laser peripheral iridoplasty (ALPI).

Patients and Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients with plateau iris syndrome treated with ALPI from 1996 to 2007. The study included 22 eyes from 22 patients with plateau iris after peripheral iridotomy that were followed for at least 1 year after ALPI. The primary outcome was incidence of needing any intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering medications or surgery (either a filtering procedure or phacoemulsification). Demographic and baseline clinical data were summarized by mean (±SD) or frequency (percentage). Snellen best-corrected visual acuity was converted to logMAR. The paired t test was used to compare IOP changes, number of IOP-lowering medications, and best-corrected visual acuity from baseline to annual follow-up.

Results:

Mean follow-up was 76 months. Only 2 (9%) eyes maintained an IOP<21 mm Hg without requiring medication or surgery. Seventeen (77%) eyes underwent surgery at an average of 49.1±7.9 months after ALPI. Eight (36%) eyes underwent filtering surgery, and 9 (41%) eyes underwent phacoemulsification. Three months after cataract extraction, no eyes required IOP-lowering medication.

Conclusions:

The beneficial effects of ALPI last for <4 years, with the majority of patients (77%) requiring surgery. Phacoemulsification alone was a successful treatment for plateau iris in our patient population.
The South Carolina Environmental Public Health Tracking Program's Role in Monitoring and Reducing Occupational Exposure to Lead: Public Health Actions in Collaboration with the South Carolina Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Authors: Davis Harley T. , Lynes Chelsea , Corley H. Reed
Published: August 2017

Per South Carolina (SC) Law §44-29-10, all blood lead test records are reportable. The SC Environmental Public Health Tracking (SC EPHT) program is directly involved in blood lead surveillance in SC, as it maintains the blood lead record database. Although Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was discontinued in 2013, SC EPHT has continued to monitor and record adult blood lead test records.

In 2012, SC EPHT signed a memorandum of understanding with the SC Occupational Safety and Health Administration (SC OSHA). Per this agreement, quarterly reports of elevated adult blood lead concentrations (≥25 μg/dL) are supplied to SC OSHA, along with North American Industry Classification System codes of employers. This information is used for industrial inspections, mitigation, and abatement related to lead. The SC EPHT program's collaboration with SC OSHA has resulted in a number of public health actions that have improved the health and well-being of workers in SC. Of the 3 nationally accepted SC public health actions related to occupational lead exposure, 2 detail investigations and citations by SC OSHA. The other describes internal analyses conducted by the SC EPHT program regarding elevated blood lead levels in adults and associations with specific North American Industry Classification System codes.

In this review, we outlined the role of SC EPHT related to adult blood lead surveillance in SC, including implementation of the memorandum of understanding with SC OSHA. We also examined demographics of adult blood lead records in SC for 2010-2015 and summarized public health actions related to occupational lead exposure in SC. Since federal funding for the SC EPHT program was initiated in 2009, the program has played an important part in lead surveillance in SC. The resulting health benefits to those with the potential for occupational exposure to lead are extremely important.
E-Media Use and Preferences for Physical Activity and Public Health Information: Results of a Web-Based Survey
Authors: Jake-Schoffman Danielle E. , Wilcox Sara , Kaczynski Andrew T. , Turner-McGrievy Gabrielle , Friedman Daniela B. , West Delia S.
Published: August 2017

Context:

As social media (eg, Twitter) continues to gain widespread popularity, health research and practice organizations may consider combining it with other electronic media (e-media) channels (eg, Web sites, e-newsletters) within their communication plans. However, little is known about added benefits of using social media when trying to reach public health audiences about physical activity.

Objective:

Learn about current use and preference for e-media communication channels among physical activity researchers and practitioners.

Design:

A Web-based survey was used, open for responses from August 20, 2015, through January 5, 2016. Survey participation was voluntary and anonymous. The survey was advertised through multiple channels targeting physical activity researchers and practitioners, including announcements on professional listservs and in e-newsletters, Twitter, and posts on Facebook pages of public health organizations.

Setting and Participants:

A total of 284 survey respondents had complete data.

Main Outcome Measures:

Typical use of e-media to receive, seek out, and share information about physical activity and health and what appeals to researchers and practitioners for professional use.

Results:

Most respondents preferred non–social media channels to social media and these preferences did not differ widely when examining subgroups such as researchers versus practitioners or social media users versus nonusers. There were few differences by respondent demographics, though younger respondents reported using social media more than older respondents. However, limiting analyses to respondents who identified as social media users, only about 1% of respondents ranked social media sources as their preferred channels for information; thus, most people would continue to be reached if communication remained largely via non–social media e-media channels.

Conclusions:

The present study supports growing evidence that careful surveying of a target audience should be undertaken when considering new communication channels, as preference and use may not support the effort required to create and maintain resource-intensive strategies like social media.
The Usefulness of Individual-Level HIV Surveillance Data to Initiate Statewide HIV Partner Services: Experiences From Hawaii and New Mexico
Authors: Beltrami John , Gans Andrew , Wozniak Michelle , Murphy John , Puesta Benjamin , Kennebrew Daphne , Angie Allen Mary , O'Connor Kevin
Published: August 2017

Context:

Partner services are a broad array of services that should be offered to persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and that are based on a process through which HIV-infected persons are interviewed to elicit information about their sex and needle-sharing partners. Human immunodeficiency virus testing of partners can result in a high yield of newly diagnosed HIV positivity, but despite this yield and the benefits of partners knowing their exposures and HIV status, partner services are often not conducted.

Objective:

We sought to determine the newly diagnosed HIV positivity and benefits to 2 health departments that conducted demonstration projects that focused on statewide HIV partner services.

Design:

The main sources of information used for this case study analysis included the health department funding applications, progress reports and final reports submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and records of communications between Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the health departments. Required quantitative reporting included the number of partners tested and the number of partners with newly diagnosed confirmed HIV infection. Required qualitative reporting included how health departments benefited from their demonstration project activities.

Setting:

Hawaii and New Mexico.

Participants:

Sex and needle-sharing partners of persons who were newly diagnosed with HIV infection.

Intervention:

The use of HIV surveillance data to initiate statewide HIV partner services.

Main Outcome Measure:

Newly diagnosed HIV positivity.

Results:

During 2012-2015, the newly diagnosed HIV positivity among partners was 18% (78/427): 16% (17/108) in Hawaii and 19% (61/319) in New Mexico. The health departments benefited from improved collaborations among HIV prevention program and surveillance staff and among the health departments, providers, and AIDS service organizations.

Conclusions:

Hawaii and New Mexico each achieved a high newly diagnosed HIV positivity and benefited from improved local collaborations. As a result of the success of these projects, both health departments have continued the activities since the end of category C funding by securing alternative funding sources.
Protective effect of silk protein hydrolysates against tert-BHP induced liver damage
Authors: Kim Joo Hyoun , Suh Hyung Joo , Choi Hyeon-Son
Published: August 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotecive effect of silk protein hydrolysates (SDH), which was prepared by acid hydrolysis, in rats. SDH itself did not exhibit any cytotoxic effect on hepatic tissues. SDH showed a protective effect on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced hepatotoxicity and liver damage. SDH effectively reduced AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase), which are biomarkers for liver damage, in a dose-dependent manner. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation product, was significantly reduced by SDH. A high dose of SDH (2 g/kg) reduced t-BHP-induced MDA production by 40%. Glutathione (GSH), which is an endogenous antioxidant molecule, was effectively increased by SDH treatment. GSH content was enhanced by around 2.5-fold, compared with t-BHP control, upon SDH (2 g/kg) treatment. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which is an enzyme released by cell cytotoxicity, was greatly increased by t-BHP, but significantly decreased by SDH treatment. Furthermore, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed that SDH suppressed t-BHP-induced lesions in liver tissue. Taken together, SDH might be used as a protective agent against liver damage.
Antioxidant activities of solvent extracts from different Glehnia Radix parts and their inhibitory effect against nitric oxide production in Raw 264.7 cell
Authors: Gu Yul-Ri , Kim Sun-Won , Son Yong-Won , Hong Joo-Heon
Published: August 2017

In this study, we compared the antioxidant and immuno-modulatory effects of water (HR, HL, HS), 70% ethanol (ER, EL, ES), and 70% methanol (MR, ML, MS) extracts of different parts (root, leaf, and seed) from Glehnia Radix. Yields were 17.40-30.17% for water extract, 11.47-28.67% for 70% ethanol extract, and 10.73-30.57% for 70% methanol extract, respectively. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of EL were 10.79 g/100 g and 2.01 g/100 g, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of EL at 1,000 μg/mL were 84.70% and 57.64%, respectively. The superoxide radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power of EL at 1,000 μg/mL were 84.05% and 975.28 μM, respectively. Moreover, 70% ethanol and 70% methanol extracts of root from Glehnia Radix significantly inhibited production of NO in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells without cytotoxicity. These results suggest that 70% ethanol and 70% methanol extracts of Glehnia Radix leaf may be a useful functional food material in the food industry.
Changes of physiochemical properties and biological activity during the fermentation of Doenjnag with bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.)
Authors: Hwang Chung Eun , Joo Ok Soo , Lee Jin Hwan , Song Yeong Hun , Hwang In Guk , Cho Kye Man
Published: August 2017

This study evaluated the changes of physiochemical properties, phytochemical compounds (isoflavones and phenolic acids), and biological activity during the fermentation of Doenjang without and with bitter melon powder (BMP). The pH decreased from 6.41-5.83 to 5.81-5.24, during the fermentation of Doenjang, while the acidity increased from 0.42-0.65% to 1.28-1.48%. The viable cell numbers of Bacillus and Yeast, salinity, and total amino acid contents increased at the end fermentation (60 day). Also, the fermented Doenjang (FD) with 10% BMP showed the highest γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 129.87 mg/100 g) contents, among all the Doenjang samples. The FD exhibited significantly higher inhibitory activities than unfermented Doenjang (UFD) on radicals and α-glucosidase. The phytochemical compounds including isoflavone-aglycones and phenolic acids increased, whereas isoflavoneglycosides decreased in the BM following fermentative processing. Moreover, the total phenolic, isoflavone-aglycone, and phenolic acid contents were markedly increased, leading to a general increase in antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition activities after fermentation. These results suggest that BMP may be used to prepare a new type of fermented Doenjang with improved antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.
The physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant capacities of commercial tea products from Phellinus baumii, Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Kim Ha-Na , Son Eun Ji , Chung Shin-Kyo
Published: August 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant capacities of Phellinus linteus and Ganoderma lucidum commercial tea products. The physicochemical characteristics included pH, Hunter‘s color values, soluble solid contents, evaporation residues, and β-glucan contents. The antioxidant capacities were measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, total phenolic contents (TPC), and total flavonoid contents (TFC). The pH, soluble solid contents, evaporation residues, and β-glucan contents were in the range of 4.43-7.05, 0.40-0.73 °Brix, 62.04-258.84 mg/100 g, and 15.51-62.32 mg%, respectively. Hunter’s color values (L, a, and b) indicated 41.76-55.02, -0.49-5.06, and 17.41-28.32, respectively. The antioxidant capacities showed 32.63-367.81 μM GAE (DPPH radical scavenging activities), 321.86-1,035.19 μM TE (FRAP), 703.50-1,091.83 μM (ABTS radical scavenging activities), 286.56-916.00 μM (TPC), and 85.33-635.33 μM (TFC). Overall, P. linteus liquid tea 2 (PL2) and G. lucidum liquid tea 1 (GL1) showed high antioxidant capacities (p<0.05). The TPC and TFC were highly correlated with DPPH radical scavenging activities, FRAP, and ABTS radical scavenging activities (r=0.7298-0.9743), but the β-glucan contents were not correlated well with antioxidant activities tested (r=0.3146-0.6663).
Physicochemical properties of acorn (Quercus acutissima Carr.) tea depending on steaming and hot-air drying treatments
Authors: Nam San , Kwon Yu-ri , Youn Kwang-Sup
Published: August 2017

This study was performed to determine the effects of preconditioning process (Con, roasting; SR, steaming and roasting; HDR, hot air drying and roasting; SHDR, steaming hot air drying and roasting) and roasting on the antioxidant and physicochemical properties of acorn (Quercus species) tea. Each sample was extracted in 95°C hot water for 5 min. The color values of lightness and yellowness were the highest in HDR, and redness were the highest in the control. The total sugar content was the highest in SHDR. Total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents of HDR tea were higher than those of teas prepared by the different processes. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging abilities of HDR were 75.66% and 98.16%, respectively, which were higher than those of other teas. In the sensory evaluation, HDR tea was ranked significantly higher than other teas in terms of flavor, taste and overall acceptability. Finally, acorn tea treated with drying was superior to other treatments in antioxidant and quality properties. The result suggests that HDR can be applied to acorn tea to achieve better quality and functionality.
Quality characteristics of Sikhye prepared by different ratio of Seomaeyaksuk (Artemisia argyi H) extract
Authors: Shin Jeong Yeon , Woo Yeon U , Jo Yu Lim , Seo Weon Taek , Choi Jine Shang
Published: August 2017

This study was conducted to increase the functionality of Korean traditional beverage, Sikhye. The Sikhye were prepared by supplementation up to 20% of Seomaeyaksuk extract (SE) and saccharification for five hours (h). During the saccharification, turbidity of SE-added Sikhye (SES) was the highest at two hours of saccharification and then lowered gradually. L vlaue of SES did not show significant difference feduring saccharification, and both a and b value of Sikhye were increased as saccharification time passed and SE addition ratio was increased. The pH before saccharification was not significantly different by SE addition ratio but it was increased to 5.68-5.73 at 5 h saccharification. Soluble solid, total sugar and reducing sugar contents were enhanced as saccharification time and SE addition ratio were increased. The total phenolic compounds contents and DPPH radical scavenging activity showed a similar trend by saccharification time and SE addition. In sensory test, the evaluations of 5% SES and control were not significant different, but 20% SES group showed significant lower evaluation than other groups because strong color and mugwort flavor. From all of these results, physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of SES was improved by SE addition but sensory characteristics was lower. Acceptable addition ratio of SE in Sikhye is determined to be within 15%.
Quality characteristics of kimchi prepared with cut Kimchi cabbages during the short-term storage
Authors: Son Eun Ji , Seop Kim Sang , Chung Shin-Kyo
Published: August 2017

Cut Kimchi cabbages (3×3 cm) were dipped in the egg shell solution (0.5% egg shell calcium/0.5% citric acid solution) and stored in the low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film bag at 4°C for 2 weeks. Using this cut Kimchi cabbage, kimchi was prepared and their physicochemical qualities were investigated. Moreover, their sensory qualities were compared with Kimchi prepared with normal Kimchi cabbages. Egg shell calcium pretreatment (ET) showed the lower weight loss of cabbages than non-treatment (NT), and soluble solid compounds were decreased in all samples. Titratable acidity showed no statistical difference. After making a kimchi using cut Kimchi cabbages stored for 2 weeks no statistical differences in soluble solids and titratable acidities of kimchi stored for 7 days were shown. As a result of sensory test, preference of color was decreased and salted condition of control was the most significantly decreased. Pickled seafood odor of kimchi showed statistical difference, compared with the control. Crispness decreased in all samples. On the other hand, salty flavor and pickled seafood flavor were increased, fresh cabbage flavor, bitter flavor and carbonic flavor were decreased. Overall sensory quality of cut Kimchi cabbage (ETK) didn’t show significant difference compare with kimchi prepared with normal cabbage (CON). It is possible to make kimchi with approvable sensory quality using cut Kimchi cabbage treated with egg shell calcium.
Physicochemical characteristics of lactic acid fermented Seomaeyaksuk (Artemisia argyi H) Sikhye added with different addition ratio of MSG
Authors: Shin Jeong Yeon , Shin Jung Hye , Kang Min Jung , Choi Myung Hyo , Park Hee Rin , Choi Jine Shang , Bae Won Yeol , Seo Won Tak
Published: August 2017

For the production of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) contents increased Seomaeyaksuk fermentant, 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0% of monosodium galutamate (MSG) was added in Seomaeyaksuk water extract 15% contained Sikhye and inoculated with Lactobacillus brevis (KI271266). Physicochemical properties were sampling and analyzed at each 1 day during 3 days fermentation. Goes on fermentation periods, the turbidity was gradually reduced, but lightness and the yellowness was increased, redness was decreased. Soluble solid was also decreased. The reducing sugars content were also decreased during fermentation. pH was 4.65-4.83 before fermentation but it was lower 3.15-3.68 after three days fermentation. The GABA contents increased by fermentation periods and it was the highest in MSG 1.0% added sample (354.38 mg/L). Fructose, glucose and sucrose contents were 50-67% decreased at three days fermentation than before fermentation. Among the organic acids, propionic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid and fumaric acid contents were decreased and lactic acid, acetic acid and succinic acid were increased during fermentation periods. Contents of total polyphenol and DPPH radical scavenging activity were the highest in MSG 0.5% added sample. From these results, we confirmed that increasing of GABA content when the manufacturing of Seomaeyaksuk lactic acid fermentation product, is possibile by addition of MSG without affecting physicochemical characteristics.
Anti-inflammatory effects and GABA production of old antler and Auricularia auricula-judae extract fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Kwon soon young , Whang ki , Lee sam pin
Published: August 2017

The optimization of lactic acid fermentation was conducted to produce an old antler fortified with functional ingredients. For the over-production of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), the extract of old antlers (OA) was fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum EJ2015 with 0.5% YE, 1.5% glucose, and 3.5% MSG at 30°C for 7 days. The lactic acid fermented OA showed high viable cell counts of 2.0×108 CFU/mL, pH 6.56 and 0.77% acidity after 7 days. Addition of Auricularia auricula-judae (AAJ) enhanced the cell growth of L. plantarum EJ2014, resulting in higher viable cell counts of 2.0×109 CFU/mL and acid production after fermentation for 1 day. In particular, acidity was greatly decreased after fermentation for 3 days and 1.4% GABA was produced by converting efficiently mono sodium glutamate as a substrate. Fermented OA/AAJ mixture indicated the reduced cytotoxicity compared with that of unfermented OA. The fermented OA/AAJ mixture indicated anti-inflammatory effect with less production of NO in microphage cells. The production of NO dropped to 17.75 μM at 4 mg/mL, and to 5.58 μM at 6 mg/mL old antler after fermentation. Thus, lactic acid fermented OA with AAJ could fortify GABA, probiotics and dietary fiber.
미산성 차아염소산수의 신선 채소류에 대한 살균 유효성
Authors: Park Kee-Jai , Lim Jeong-Ho , Jung Heeyong , Jeong Mooncheol
Published: August 2017

In the present study, disinfection efficacy of slightly acidic electrolyzed water [SlAEW, 30 ppm of effective chlorine at 20±1°C, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) 562±23 mV, pH 6.4] on 4 kinds of vegetables (lettuce leaf, endive leaf, perilla leaf and kale leaf) was evaluated to obtain a microbial reduction characteristics which are necessary to design a process control for non-thermal sterilization of fresh vegetables. Active chlorine, residual chlorine, microbial counts and residual microbial counts, which are the key factors in the non-thermal sterilization process were measured by dipping them in SlAEW three times for 30 minutes in order to analyze the relationship between factors. Total microbial count was decreased mostly during the first 10 minutes of washing, and the limit value that can be reduced by immersion treatment was 3 log CFU/g for the total microbial count surviving in 4 kinds of vegetables. The total number of microorganism that can be reduced by washing in SIAEW for 10 min was found to be about 2 log CFU/g on average. In addition, the active chlorine decreased in the initial 10 minutes in 2.2 ppm, 2.0 ppm, 1.7 ppm and 2.5 ppm in lettuce, perilla leaf, endive leaf and kale leaf, respectively, and about 50-80% of the chlorine was reduced in the initial 10 min appear.
Heterochronic Developmental Shifts Underlie Floral Diversity withinJaltomata(Solanaceae)
Authors: Kostyun Jamie L. , Preston Jill C. , Moyle Leonie C.
Published: July 2017

Background

Heterochronic shifts during mid to late stages of organismal development have been proposed as key mechanisms generating phenotypic diversity. To determine whether late heterochronic shifts underlie derived floral morphologies withinJaltomata(Solanaceae) – a genus whose species have extensive and recently evolved floral diversity – we compared floral development of four diverse species (including an ambiguously ancestral or secondarily derived rotate, two putatively independently evolved campanulate, and a tubular morph) to the ancestral rotate floral form, as well as to an outgroup that shares this ancestral floral morphology.

Results

We determined that early floral development (<1 mm bud diameter, corresponding to completion of organ whorl initiation) is very similar among all species, but that different mature floral forms are distinguishable by mid-development (>1 mm diameters) due to differential growth acceleration of corolla traits. Floral ontogeny among similar mature rotate forms remains comparable until late stages, while somewhat different patterns of organ growth are found between species with similar campanulate forms.

Conclusions

Our data suggest shared floral patterning during early-stage development, but that different heterochronic shifts during mid- and late-stage development contributes to divergent floral traits. Heterochrony thus appears to have been important in the rapid and repeated diversification ofJaltomataflowers.
The contribution of genetic variation ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeto the clinical manifestation of invasive pneumococcal disease
Authors: Cremers Amelieke JH , Mobegi Fredrick M , van der Gaast –de Jongh Christa , van Weert Michelle , van Opzeeland Fred J , Vehkala Minna , Knol Mirjam J , Bootsma Hester J , Välimäki Niko , Meis Jacques F , Bentley Stephen , van Hijum Sacha AFT , Corander Jukka , Zomer Aldert L , Ferwerda Gerben , de Jonge Marien I
Published: July 2017

Background

Different clinical manifestations of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) have thus far mainly been explained by patient characteristics. Here we studied the contribution of pneumococcal genetic variation to IPD phenotype.

Methods

The index cohort consisted of 349 patients admitted to two Dutch hospitals between 2000-2011 with pneumococcal bacteraemia. We performed genome-wide association studies to identify pneumococcal lineages, genes and allelic variants associated with 23 clinical IPD phenotypes. The identified associations were validated in a nationwide (n=482) and a post-pneumococcal vaccination cohort (n=121). The contribution of confirmed pneumococcal genotypes to the clinical IPD phenotype, relative to known clinical predictors, was tested by regression analysis.

Findings

The presence of pneumococcal geneslaAwas a nationwide confirmed independent predictor of meningitis (OR=10.5, p=0.001), as was sequence cluster 9 (OR=3.68, p=0.057). A set of 4 pneumococcal genes co-located on a prophage was a confirmed independent predictor of 30-day mortality (OR=3.4, p=0.003). We could detect the pneumococcal variants of concern in these patients’ blood samples by molecular amplification. In the post-vaccination cohort where the distribution of both patient characteristics and pneumococcal serotypes had changed, the relative importance of the prophage was no longer supported.

Interpretation

Knowledge of pneumococcal genotypic variants improved our clinical risk assessment for detrimental manifestations of IPD. This provides us with novel opportunities to target, anticipate or avert the pathogenic effects that are related to particular pneumococcal variants. Therefore, future diagnostics should facilitate prompt appreciation of pathogen diversity in clinical sepsis management. Ongoing surveillance is warranted to monitor the clinical value of information on pathogen variants in dynamic microbial and susceptible host populations.

Funding

None.