bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ABSORPTION OF CALCIUM IN SMALL INTESTINE OF RATS AFTER IMPACT OF VARIOUS XENOBIOTICS
Authors: Makarenko О. A. , Maikova H. V. , Kyrylenko N. A. , Hladkyi Т. V. , Eberle L. V.
Published: October 2021

Relevance. Pathology of the thyroid and parathyroid glands, diseases of the digestive system, blood system, etc, as well as application of medications used for their treatment can result in the condition which is characterised by reduction of bone density – secondary osteoporosis.
The aim of the research was to determine absorption of calcium in the small intestine of rats under impact of various xenobiotics.
Materials and methods. The research was performed on white rats of herd breeding which, depending on the group obtained during 60 days: 1) cefoperazone (p/o, 180 mg/kg per day) and amoxiclav (p/o, 135  mg/kg per day); 2) mercazolil (p/o, 25 – 40 mg/kg per day); 3) L-thyroxine (p/o, 10 mg/kg per day); 4) hydrazine sulphate (50 mg/kg 2 times per week for 90 days).
Calcium absorption was studied in an isolated loop of the small intestine of the animals. The condition of the small intestine mucous membrane was estimated in accordance with inflammation markers (elastate and acid phosphatase activity, index of the degree of opportunistic microbiota (urease activity), index of non-specific antimicrobial protection of mucous membranes (lysozyme activity).
Long-term application of antibiotics contributed to reduction of calcium absorption in the small intestine of rats by 25.0 %, of mercazolil – by 29.7 %, of thyroxine – by 11.4 %, of hydrazine sulphate – by 34.5 %. The increase of elastase and acid phosphatase activity in the mucous membrane of the small intestine under the action of xenobiotics, as well as increase of urease activity and reduction of lysozyme activity testify to the change in the small intestine condition.
Сonclusions. So, the significant reduction of calcium absorption after long-term application of xenobiotics can be first of all connected with inhibition of antimicrobial protection of the small intestine mucous membrane under the action of antibiotics, mercazolil, thyroxine and hydrazine sulphate. More active multiplication of opportunistic bacteria, presence of dysbiosis, and, after application of antibiotics and hydrazine sulphate, development of inflammation can be the consequence of lysozyme activity reduction.
INTRODUCTION OF WOODY LIANAS AND PROSPECTS OF THEIR USE IN KRYVYI RIH GARDENING
Authors: Boiko L. I. , Yuhymenko Yu. S. , Danylchuk N. М.. , Shulga О. О.
Published: October 2021

Problem. Due to the rapid trend of growth and spread of vertical landscaping in landscaping of settlements in Ukraine, studying woody lianas is quite active. There is almost no information on the bioecological features of woody lianas in conditions of our region and their use in landscaping of urban areas.
Therefore, the aim of the work was to summarize the introduction of woody lianas in the Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, to analyze the current state of vertical landscaping in Kryvyi Rih, to find out the range of plants used and to prove the possibilities of its expansion.
Methods. The distribution of introduced woody lianas by origin was carried out according to A.L. Takhtadzhyan . Assessment of viability was performed by the scale of viability of shrubs modified on the basis of the classification by Z.I. Luchnyk. Estimation of drought resistance of lianas was made by the scale of S.S. Piatnytskyi , winter hardiness was estimated on the scale adopted for botanical gardens of the USSR.
Results and conclusions
For Kryvyi Rih, one of the promising areas in the creation of modern landscape and architectural landscaping of the city is vertical landscaping based on twisted plants. The source for enrichment of the range of plants for urban area landscaping is the collections of the botanical garden.
The introduction of woody lianas in the Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden began in 1983. Today, the collection fund includes 31 species and 42 cultivars, representing 15 genera and 13 families.
We determined that the phenorhythmics of the introduced species is consistent with the climatic conditions of the Right-Bank Steppe Dnieper Area, most of the species bloom annually, bear fruit, have high living conditions and decorativeness. Most woody lianas introduced in the KRBG are quite drought-resistant (they scored point I by Piatnytskyi scale), they tolerate short periods of drought without significant morphological changes (species of the genera Wisteria, Campsis, Celastrus, Parthenocissus, Vitis, Ampelopsis). Lower drought resistance (drought resistance scores point II) in species of the genera Lonicera, Actinidia was manifested by the loss of turgor in the leaves, which was restored during the night, and partial yellowing of the leaves. Groups of introduced woody lianas were selected according to the method of attachment to the support and the degree of decorativeness.
A survey of the urban areas of Kryvyi Rih revealed that the range of woody lianas used is represented by 10 species and 7 cultivars from 10 genera and 10 families. According to the results of studying morpho-biological, ecological properties and decorative qualities, it is recommended to introduce Aristolochia manshuriensis, Akebia quinata, Celastrus flagellaris, Celastrus orbiculatus, Lonicera caprifolium, Wisteria sinensis more widely in landscaping of urban areas.
NEW FOUNDS EUPHORBIA VALDEVILLOSOCARPA ARVAT & NYÁR. (EUPHORBIACEAE) IN LOWER DNISTER-TILIGUL INTERFLUVE
Authors: Bondarenko O. Yu.
Published: October 2021

Aim. The species Euphorbia valdevillosocarpa is listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine (2009), where it has the category of protection "endangered". It also has scientificimportance as a Bessarabian endemic on the eastern border of the range. The said species had not been observed in the lower reaches of the Dniester-Tiligul interfluves before.
Methods. The floraof the region was studied by means of the route method in 2018-2020.
Results. Near village Budiachky, in the valley which connects train station «Kar-pove» (Odesa-Rozdilna) and village Egorovka (on the coast of the Hadzhibeiskyi estuary), new for Odessa region locality of Euphorbia valdevillosocarpa wasfound. The place is located on the west slope, which is in the main valley. Near the site there is an abandoned quarry for shell mining. Plants of Euphorbia valdevillosocarpa were found only on the slope of the northern exposure. 20 plants of E. valdevillosocarpa were found, for each there were from 10 to 35 stems. Apparently due to unfavorable weather conditions in the region in 2020 (drought) plants are significantlysmaller in size, compared to dry specimens of stems from the previous year (to 0.95-1.00 m). The main part of the stems is vegetative, only a third part of the plants have remnants of inflorescences. On 06.2020 some specimens had re-blooming on several stems.
Conclusions. The study area does not belong to those that have environmental sig-nificance.Localities of the species in Odesa region are represented only in Tarutyn` district. Thus, the locality near v. Budiachky is the most eastern point in the region. Since sozophytes of different levels of protection are also noted here, it is necessary to create a protected area.
Sustainable development and corporate social responsibility – organisation level
Authors: Stefańska Magdalena , Knežević Blaženka
Published: October 2021

Sustainable development and CSR are included in the strategies of most companies. To learn more what companies do for the environment and society—usually, one can visit their websites and read about their SD or CSR activities in reports. However—the quality of such reports differs—from minimum information to very deep immersion into explaining to stakeholders how an organisation understands its role in society. The aim of this chapter is to explain how sustainable development (SD) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) influence corporate strategy, both on a corporate level—mission, vision and its goals, and functional areas of organisation.
Sustainable development in accounting
Authors: Remlein Marzena
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to present and discuss the essence and importance of accounting in the concept of sustainable development. Considerations are particularly focused on reporting CSR issues. The growing importance of the idea of sustainable development and the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility that arose on its basis, gave rise to the need for accounting systems to develop solutions enabling the provision of information on the methods and results of implementing these concepts in entities operating on the market. The interest in accounting with regard to the area of sustainable development has contributed to the development of vocabulary related to measurement, calculation, disclosure, reporting and verification of information on the activities of units for sustainable development. Reporting on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is still largely voluntary and non-standardised. However, there are various international organisations that develop frameworks and voluntary standards for non-financial reporting, the so-called Social Reporting Standards. The most important EU legislative initiative in the field of disclosure concerning environmental, social and corporate governance information is Directive 2014/95/EU of the European Parliament and Council from 22 October 2014 amending Directive 2013/34/EU as regards disclosure of non-financial and diversity in formation by certain large undertakings and groups. The combination of financial information (financial statements) with non-financial information relating to the environment, society and corporate governance is included in the integrated report. In Poland, the requirement to present non-financial information related to CSR was introduced by the Accounting Act. Polish companies should prepare a separate report—“Statement on nonfinancial information”. In 2017, the Polish Standard of Non-Financial Information (SIN, 2017) was published to help enterprises fulfil their obligations under the EU Directive.
Product life-cycle – problems of product planned obsolescence and fast fashion
Authors: Stefańska Magdalena
Published: October 2021

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an idea according to which enterprises take responsibility for the effects of their activities and undertake actions aimed at reducing negative effects and improving quality of life of a broadly understood group of stakeholders. In turn, marketing is a concept according to which all activities of enterprises are undertaken with the intention of satisfying consumer needs in the best possible way—by creating and modifying products and services. It would seem that they both—CSR and marketing, share the same goal—providing value to consumers in order to improve their quality of life. However, it can be seen that there is a whole scope of activities under the marketing instruments that primarily serve only to intensify sales. This would not raise any major objections if not for the fact that the occurrence of the demand for restitution is accelerated due to the planned shortening of the product life-cycle. This is in contradiction with the idea of CSR and sustainable development as well as sustainable consumption. So why is it a practice that does not cause widespread outrage and resistance from buyers? And how should it be dealt with? Two widely implemented strategies of manufacturers and retailers are described in that chapter: the 1st one is planned product obsolescence, the second—fast fashion. Retail chains follow the fast fashion trend—offering customers short, frequently changing product lines. However, seeing the effects of this type of strategies, it is possible to undertake a number of activities aimed at reducing the negative effects of these actions.
Sustainability in renewable energy businesses
Authors: Grabowski Gabriel
Published: October 2021

The sustainable development goal 7 (affordable and clean energy) seeks to ensure that energy is clean, affordable, available and accessible to all (SD Goals, https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators). Replacing fossil fuel-based energy sources with renewable ones, which include: bioenergy, direct solar energy, geothermal energy, hydropower, wind and ocean energy (tide and wave), would gradually help the world achieve the idea of sustainability. Renewable energy technologies provide an excellent opportunity for mitigation of greenhouse gas emission and reduce global warming through substituting conventional energy sources (Panwar, Kaushik, & Kothari, 2011; Owusu & Asumadu-Sarkodie, 2016). Nevertheless, investment costs, as well as political environment and market conditions, have become barriers preventing countries from full utilisation of the potential to improve the quality of air or water. The aim of the chapter is to initiate discussion on the importance of renewable energy as well as its environmental and society-related health aspects. Two short case studies presented in the text allow to describe projects concerning solar installations. In the first case, it is educational institution investing in thermal solar panel systems to supply heat for domestic hot water. The results of research conducted by Filho et al. (2019) on a small sample of universities from around the world indicate that in more than half of them, only a small share of energy consumption comes from renewable sources, whilst the European Union policy has identified promotion of energy efficiency in buildings, including educational ones, as a key objective of its energy and climate policy (EPBD Recast, 2010). In the second case study, thoughts on photovoltaic systems installed to supply buildings with electricity are contained and the problem of public resource support forms for that purpose are discussed.
Lights and shadows of Airbnb and all-inclusive vacations: How to make them more sustainable? – tourist sector
Authors: Stefańska Magdalena , Olejnik Iwona
Published: October 2021

One of the sustainable goals refers to the tourism services sector—by 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture as well as products. Responsible tourism (RT) means to: – minimise the negative impact on the economic, environmental and social sphere (3P model); – generate greater economic benefits for local communities; – support the welfare of host communities; – improve working conditions and access to the tourism industry; – engage local residents in making decisions that will have influence on their lives, surroundings and possibilities; – support the preservation of heritage in the sphere of nature and culture for maintaining diversity; – provide tourists with new experiences through closer and more meaningful contact with local culture and people. Below, of the following forms of tourist services are discussed—all-inclusive vacations and Airbnb. The goal is to invite readers to take part in the discussion on those popular forms of spending leisure time—how to make them—if possible—more sustainable.
DESTRUCTIVE METHODS FOR DETERMINING RESIDUAL STRESSES (review)
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Monakhov A.D. , Yakovlev N.O. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Avtaev V.V. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Kotova E.A. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials»
Published: October 2021

The paper presents an overview of methods for determining residual stresses. Methods such as splitting and segmentation, layer-by-layer removal, slitting (cutting, pliability), profiling, drilling holes (including a «deep» hole) are considered. The description of the methods for mea-suring the deformation used in the determination of residual stresses is given. The most common contact method using strain gauges, as well as non-contact methods: polarization-optical (photo-elasticity), optical speckle interferometry, digital image correlation.
EXPERIMENTALSTUDY OF DYNAMIC EFFORTS DURING THE OPERATION OF THE MECHANISM OF MOVEMENT OF THE CARGO TROLLEYOF AN OVERHEAD CRANE
Authors: Fidrovska Nataliia , Slepuzhnikov Evgen , Ponomarenko Roman , Kozodoi Dmytro
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the determination of the dynamic loads arising in the running wheels of a conventional (standard) and modernized design during the movement of the cargo carriage of an overhead crane. The redesigned wheel has an insert made from 7-7130 rubber compound. Also, a method for diagnosing running wheels of conventional and modernized design was determined.

The ZETLAB program was chosen as a program for signal registration and analysis. This program allows not only displaying the signal in real time with the possibility of scaling, but also allows you to digitize the signal with the possibility of further processing the results in various standards.

Finding out the occurrence of a defect in wheels and rails is mainly carried out by two methods, when shock pulses appear and according to an increased background of vibration. In practice, there is a process of "dry" rolling friction, and this means that the method of shock pulses for diagnosing the condition of wheels and a rail track can be used only in some cases in the form of extreme wear of the friction pairs of a wheel and a rail. That is, the method of spectral analysis of fluctuations in the power of random vibration can be successfully applied to diagnose the state of the rail track and crane wheel. 

The diagnostic method based on the overall vibration level allows for an overall assessment of the technical condition. Such diagnostics makes it possible to identify defects only at the very last stage of development, when they lead or have already led to partial destruction of the rolling surface of the wheel and the surface of the rail, that is, to an increase in the overall level of vibration.

The performance evaluation criteria are fully focused on the corresponding standard vibration levels for the investigated friction pair. A friction pair is considered to be defective, the vibration of which exceeds the general standard. When determining an increased overall level of vibration, maintenance personnel must make a decision to replace parts or a unit to prolong its operation.

The results obtained indicate the advisability of using the wheels of the modernized design on the cargo carriage of an overhead crane.
ВЛИЯНИЕ МИКРОЭЛЕМЕНТНОГО СОСТАВА УГЛЕРОДСОДЕРЖАЩИХ ПОРОД НА ВОЗМОЖНОСТЬ ИХ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В ВОДООЧИСТКЕ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ШУНГИТОВ ИЗ ОНЕЖСКОЙ ПАЛЕОПРОТЕРОЗОЙСКОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ КАРЕЛИИ)
Authors: Кондрашова Наталья Ивановна , Медведев Павел Владимирович
Published: October 2021

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью получения непротиворечивой информации о возможности использования углеродсодержащих осадочных пород шунгитов для очистки питьевой воды. В настоящее время шунгиты используются во многих отраслях промышленности, доказана их эффективность при очистке сточных вод от органических веществ и нефтепродуктов. Учитывая высокую адсорбционную способность шунгитов, отдельные исследователи без должных на то оснований, рекомендуют использовать их для очистки вод хозяйственно-питьевого водопользования. Цель: изучить микроэлементный состав шунгитов, оценить возможность поступления вредных для человека микроэлементов в водный раствор шунгита. Объекты: образцы шунгитов из палеопротерозойских разрезов Онежской синклинальной структуры, Карелия. Методика: электронная микроскопия, химический анализ, масс-спектрометрия с индуктивно-связанной плазмой (ICP-MS). Результаты. Изучен макро- и микроэлементный состав шунгитов палеопротерозойской Онежской структуры (Карелия). Их минеральный состав представлен преимущественно кварцем (25–65 %), серицитом, хлоритом, пиритом, встречается карбонат, содержание свободного углерода составляет 21–45 %. Пирит присутствует как в форме нодулей, так и в микропрожилках. Помимо пирита отмечены сульфиды цинка, кобальтин, окислы свинца. Макроэлементы (Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Na, K), обнаруживаемые в химическом составе шунгитов, входят преимущественно в состав породообразующих минералов. Помимо макроэлементов, в шунгитах содержится значительное число микроэлементов, связанных с акцессорными минералами и сульфидами различной размерности. Это S, As, V, Co, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ge, В, Sr, Li, Pb, редкоземельные элементы. В шунгитах Зажогинского месторождения содержания хрома составляют от 96 до 151 г/т, содержания никеля – от 102 до 259 г/т. В углеродсодержащих породах Максово хром присутствует в количестве 103–144 г/т, концентрации никеля определены в интервале 47–196 г/т. Для месторождения Шуньга эти значения следующие: Cr присутствует в количестве 74–137 г/т, содержание Ni равно 86–275 г/т. Шунгиты, обладая высокой сорбционной способностью, могут поглощать вредные компоненты из воды. Благодаря данному свойству их предлагают использовать в водоочистке питьевой воды. Не следует забывать, что одновременно происходит и обратный процесс – экстрагирование в воду из шунгитов вредных для человека примесных элементов. Существующие в настоящее время способы очистки не позволяют удалить микропримеси, поэтому вопрос об использовании шунгитов для водоподготовки с целью питьевого водоснабжения остается открытым.
ХАРАКТЕР РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ФОСФАТОВ В ЗОЛОТОНОСНЫХ КОРАХ ВЫВЕТРИВАНИЯ ТОМСКОГО РАЙОНА
Authors: Янченко Ольга Михайловна , Тимкин Тимофей Васильевич , Ворошилов Валерий Гаврилович , Якич Тамара Юрьевна , Зиаии Мансур
Published: October 2021

В Томском районе коры выветривания развиты очень широко, установлена их золотоносность, но детального изучения минерального состава ранее не проводилось. Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью выявления условий формирования кор выветривания и установления закономерностей накопления в них широкого круга минералов. Цель: изучение морфологических и химических особенностей, парагенетических ассоциаций и распространения минералов группы фосфатов, разделение на первичные, преобразованные и новообразованные, использование фосфатов в качестве минералов-индикаторов условий формирования кор выветривания и связи их с распространением золота. Объект: остаточные и переотложенные коры выветривания Томского района и содержащиеся в них минералы группы фосфатов. Методы. Кристалломорфологические особенности минералов группы фосфатов, их парагенетические ассоциации изучались микроскопически при помощи стереомикроскопа OLYMPUS SZX10, химический состав минералов определялся на РФА микроскопе HORIBA X-Ray Analytical Microscope XGT 7200 и сканирующем электронном микроскопе TESCAN VEGA 3 SBU с ЭДС OXFORD X-Max 50. Результаты. В корах выветривания Томского района установлены: 1) фосфаты группы апатита, 2) ортофосфаты редкоземельных элементов и тория и 3) алюмофосфаты группы крандаллита. По генетическому признаку фосфатные минералы разделены на группы: а) первичные терригенные фосфаты, устойчивые в корах выветривания и выделившиеся при разрушении коренных пород (монацит, ксенотим, апатит), б) преобразованные, измененные в процессе выветривания (монацит), и в) новообразованные, образованные в процессе формирования кор выветривания (монацит, куларит, флоренсит, крандаллит, гояцит, горсейксит, плюмбогуммит). Установленные в различных зонах коры выветривания ассоциации фосфатов большей частью представляют собой звенья последовательного преобразования минералов от кальциевых и редкоземельных фосфатов к алюминиевым, указывающего на возрастание кислотности среды минералообразования. В верхней части зоны гидролиза остаточной коры выветривания отмечается наибольшее накопление золота.
ВЛИЯНИЕ СРЕДЫ ПРИЗАБОЙНОЙ ЗОНЫ СКВАЖИНЫ НА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ РАЗРУШЕНИЯ ГОРНОЙ ПОРОДЫ РЕЗЦОМ PDC
Authors: Нескоромных Вячеслав Васильевич , Попова Марина Сергеевна , Лиу Баочанг
Published: October 2021

Актуальность. Породоразрушающий инструмент, армированный резцами PDC, зарекомендовал себя как буровой инструмент с хорошими эксплуатационными показателями. Как известно из практики бурения, инструмент такого типа при правильной технологии его применения способен обеспечить высокие скорости проходки скважин и ресурс. Поэтому одним из приоритетных направлений в развитии технических средств бурения является совершенствование конструкций инструмента типа PDC. Методы проектирования бурового инструмента нового поколения должны основываться на комплексном подходе к исследованию его работы на забое. Одним из основных факторов, влияющих на эффективность реализации породоразрушающего инструмента, является сопротивление забоя. Исследованию изменения физико-механических свойств геологического разреза с глубиной повящено большое количество трудов. А жидкая среда, образовавшаяся на забое скважины в результате процесса бурения, изучена слабо. Часто, при проведении научных исследований, наличием шлама в призабойной зоне пренебрегают. Однако, учитывая особенности формы и размеры режущей части резцов PDC, сместь шлама и непрерывно движущейся промывочной жидкости может обладать определенной плотностью и создавать выталкивающее усилие, действующее на плоскость резца, и как следствие оказывать влияние на эффективность работы бурового инструмента в целом. Поэтому актуальным вопросом является исследование свойств среды, состоящей из промывочного агента, шлама и разрушенной горной породы, и определение степени ее влияния на результаты работы бурового инструмента типа PDC. Цель: определить степень влияния сил сопротивления среды, образовавшейся в призабойной зоне скважины, на процесс бурения скважин. Методы: аналитический метод, метод компьютерного имитационного моделирования. Результаты. Среда, образовавшаяся в призабойной зоне в процессе бурения скважины и состоящая из породы, шлама и промывочной жидкости, находящихся в различном состоянии, оказывает выталкивающее действие на резец, что снижает величину углубления. Показатель степени сопротивления описанной среды определяется скоростью резания, углом установки резца и плотностью ее составляющих. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при конструировании бурового инструмента типа PDC. Изменение угла установки или формы резца может способствовать не только снижению сил сопротивления, но и улучшению разрушающей способности инструмента за счет разуплотнения породы путем интенсификации проникновения жидкости в породу.
АНАЛИЗ ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВ СИСТЕМ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ТЕПЛОВОГО РЕЖИМА ЛОКАЛЬНЫХ РАБОЧИХ ЗОН НА ОСНОВЕ ГАЗОВЫХ ИНФРАКРАСНЫХ ИЗЛУЧАТЕЛЕЙ ПО СРАВНЕНИЮ С ТРАДИЦИОННЫМИ КОНВЕКТИВНЫМИ СИСТЕМАМИ ОТОПЛЕНИЯ
Authors: Максимов Вячеслав Иванович , Нагорнова Татьяна Александровна , Куриленко Николай Ильич , Волошко Иван Валентинович
Published: October 2021

Актуальность исследования обусловлена снижением затрат тепловой энергии на обеспечения теплового режима локальных рабочих зон в производственных помещениях, характерные размеры которых существенно (многократно) превышают размеры этих зон. Проблемы энергосбережения являются актуальными уже многие десятилетия по целому ряду объективных причин, но пока нет оснований для вывода о том, что решена большая часть задач энергосбережения, возникающих в производственной и социальной сферах. Известный достаточно давно способ локального «теплоснабжения» рабочего места относительно малых размеров с использованием газовых инфракрасных излучателей до последнего времени используется мало в связи с отсутствием научно-технической базы, обеспечивающей проведение опытно-конструкторских работ по созданию систем обеспечения теплового режима локальных рабочих мест на базе газовых инфракрасных излучателей. Цель: анализ энергоэффективности газовых инфракрасных излучателей как основных элементов систем обеспечения теплового режима локальных рабочих зон. Объекты: крупногабаритное помещение, обогреваемое газовым инфракрасным излучателем. Методы: экспериментальные измерения температур поверхности пола термопарами типа хромель–алюмель с толщиной спая 0,08 мм и фиксация данных при помощи модуля измерения температуры NI 9214 фирмы National Instruments; математическое моделирование процессов переноса тепла в многослойном полу. Результаты. Приведены результаты экспериментальных и теоретических исследований, выполненных с целью оценки эффективности использования таких систем. Эксперименты проведены в специальном боксе, воспроизводящем условия подвода теплоты от излучателя к рабочему месту малых размеров. Проведены измерения температур поверхности пола в десяти характерных точках при работе достаточно типичного излучателя средней мощности. Результаты экспериментов использовались в качестве краевых условий на границе раздела «воздух – поверхность пола бокса» при решении задач теплопроводности. По результатам экспериментальных и теоретических исследований обоснованы преимущества (по сравнению с традиционными конвективными системами отопления даже малогабаритных производственных помещений) систем обеспечения теплового режима локальных рабочих зон на базе газовых инфракрасных излучателей. Сущность этих преимуществ состоит в том, что при использовании излучателей регламентный тепловой режим обеспечивается без затрат энергии на нагрев ограждающих конструкций и воздуха за пределами рабочей зоны (которая может быть в десятки раз меньше по объему всего производственного помещения).
ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ МИКРОЭЛЕМЕНТОВ В ПОЧВАХ ФОНОВЫХ И ИМПАКТНЫХ ЗОН НА УЧАСТКАХ АЛМАЗОДОБЫЧИ НА СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДЕ СИБИРСКОЙ ПЛАТФОРМЫ
Authors: Легостаева Яна Борисовна , Гололобова Анна Григорьевна
Published: October 2021

Актуальность исследования обусловлена интенсивным развитием горнодобывающей промышленности на территории Западной Якутии в последний 70-летний период. В результате чего происходит загрязнение окружающей среды химическими веществами в условиях распространения многолетнемерзлых пород. В первую очередь это загрязнение почв поллютантами, которые образуются в техногенных отложениях при извлечении горных масс из недр земли при отработке коренных месторождений алмазов и остаются в почве в течение многих лет даже после ремедиации техногенно-трансформированных территорий. Настоящее исследование позволяет выявить геохимическую специфику мерзлотных почв с разной геолого-геохимической обстановкой и ее трансформацию при техногенном воздействии. Цель: изучение элементного состава и его вертикального распределения в профиле мерзлотных почв Северо-Западной Якутии, подверженных техногенному воздействию при проведении алмазодобычных работ. Объекты: криоземы – мерзлотные почвы северо-таежных ландшафтов Северо-Западной Якутии. Объекты и методы. Статья представляет результаты выполненных работ за период с 1994 по 2019 гг. на территории Далдынского кимберлитового поля, где разрабатываются открытым способом кимберлитовые трубки Удачная и Зарница и где находится Удачнинский горно-обогатительный комбинат АК «Алроса» (ПАО). Объектом изучения являлись мерзлотные почвы северо-таежных ландшафтов Северо-Западной Якутии. Почвы данного района отражают общие закономерности формирования почвенного покрова на территории исследования и входят в состав Восточно-Сибирской мерзлотно-северотаежной области бореального пояса почв России. В ходе полевых наблюдений был применен профильный подход, предполагающий сбор образцов из почвенных генетических горизонтов до границы сезонно-талого слоя. Определены знаковые содержания 23 химических элементов методом спектрального полуколичественного анализа. Результаты геохимических исследований мерзлотных почв приведены с учетом геохимии почвообразующих пород Далдыно-Алакитского горнопромышленного района. Для выявления геохимических характеристик рассчитаны коэффициенты концентрации (Кс) и коэффициенты накопления (K0–К3) исследуемых элементов в системе породы–почвы. Построены накопительные ряды, отражающие геохимическую специфику доминирующих типов почв территории исследования. Каждый из исследованных типов почв характеризуется своеобразием микроэлементного спектра. Полиэлементные ассоциации создаются в результате геохимического влияния почвообразующего субстрата. Выявлено, что территория Далдыно-Алакитского района отличается повышенными концентрациями в почвах Cr, Ni, Co, V, Сu, Pb, Li, Sr.
ПОСТРОЕНИЕ ТРЕХМЕРНЫХ МОДЕЛЕЙ НЕФТЕНАСЫЩЕННОСТИ. ОСНОВНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПОДХОДЫ К ИХ РЕШЕНИЮ
Authors: Белкина Валентина Александровна , Антипин Ярослав Олегович , Забоева Александра Александровна
Published: October 2021

Актуальность развития методов построения трехмерных моделей начальной нефтенасыщенности обусловлена широким использованием их при решении важнейших задач нефтегазопромысловой геологии: подсчета запасов, проектирования и управления разработкой. Точность решения этих задач, в значительной степени обусловленная адекватностью и детальностью трехмерных моделей начальной нефтенасыщенности, позволяет заметно повысить эффективность извлечения углеводородов. Цель: проанализировать современное состояние алгоритмической и информационной базы трехмерного моделирования начальной нефтенасыщенности, выявить основные проблемы и наиболее перспективные направления их развития, позволяющие повысить их точность. Методы интерполяции и аппроксимации: детерминированные и стохастические, основанные на двух концепциях теории нефтегазонакопления: антиклинально-гравитационной и относительно недавно появившейся капиллярно-гравитационной. Для различных геологических ситуаций эти методы модифицируются способами использования широкого набора косвенной и априорной информации. Результаты. Выявлены основные возможности повышения точности трехмерных моделей начальной нефтенасыщенности. Во-первых, это создание методов, учитывающих наличие водонефтяных переходных зон, характерных для терригенных полимиктовых пород-коллекторов. Во-вторых, создание дискретно-непрерывных моделей, например, с классификацией по пористости. В этом подходе область моделирования разбивается на отдельные части, в каждой из которых используются свои тренды (одномерные, двумерные и трехмерные). Построение трендов основано на всем комплексе имеющейся эмпирической информации: данных РИГИС, гидродинамических исследований и результатах капиллярометрических исследований. Проклассифицированы способы проверки качества исходных данных и адекватности построенных моделей. Приведены конкретные алгоритмы создания моделей по двум наиболее перспективным направлениям развития алгоритмической базы трехмерного моделирования начальной нефтенасыщенности.
Participation and Psychological Capital in Adults With Parkinson's Disease: Mediation Analysis Based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health
Authors: McDaniels Bradley , Bishop Malachy
Published: October 2021

Objective

The purpose of this study was to explore how the functional impact of Parkinson's disease affects participation and to evaluate whether positive psychological capital (PsyCap) mediates the relationship within the context of the World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Model.

Method

Survey responses were analyzed from 144 adults with Parkinson's disease using a quantitative, correlational research design employing multiple regression and hierarchical regression analysis to examine hypothesized relationships.

Results

The results of the correlation analysis indicated that there was a statistically significant, moderate-to-strong positive correlation between functioning and PsyCap and participation. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that functioning accounted for 65% of the variance in participation. Although PsyCap was associated with participation, no mediating effect was observed.

Conclusions

The results are consistent with traditional clinical judgment that physical functioning is positively correlated with participation. This study represents the first evaluation of the role of PsyCap in people with Parkinson's disease, and the results of the correlational analysis suggest that continued investigation of these relationships is warranted.

Background

Parkinson's disease results in a variety of motor and non-motor features that frequently result in reduced participation in valued life activities.
Building an integrated poverty measure by three poverty profiles
Authors: Zharomsky Vladislav
Published: October 2021

On the basis of estimating three poverty profiles calculated on sample surveys data, the article presents the methods for obtaining an integrated poverty measure, which solves the model of latent structural analysis with binary classes. In such surveys as Parents and Children, Men and Women in Family, HSE Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, Russian Household Budget Survey, there are questions characterizing different profiles of poverty — economic, deprivation and subjective. The last-mentioned profile presents a subjective perception of one’s position on the scale of living standards. Estimates by the three profiles measure different sides of poverty, but it is not clear how they are harmonized, and whether latent poverty is statistically reflected in them. The model of the latent structural analysis may give a positive or negative answer to this question. In case of the positive answer it is proposed to take the probability of latent poverty as an integrated poverty measure. The article provides the results of calculations for three groups of households: those of pensioners, of able-bodied persons, and mixed households consisting of pensioners and the able-bodied. On the data from the largest Rosstat survey — Statistical Survey of Income and Participation in Social Programs (VNDN) were made estimates of latent poverty for urban and rural population of Russia, for households with different number of children. It shows that latent poverty and coherence of different population groups are not contrary to the meaningful views on the phenomenon. It is found out that the understated size of the subsistence minimum (absolute poverty line) leads to lack of coherence between three estimates for households of pensioners. In this case, feeling of poverty and deprivation levels are not in line with the economic estimation of poverty.
New opportunities and risks of the use of e-services by older people
Authors: Alexeyeva Olga , Bestuzheva Oxana , Vershinskaya Olga , Galyuzhin Alexey , Skvortsova Elena
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of a sociological survey of the target audience (486 Internet users aged 55+) conducted at computer literacy courses in Moscow in 2018. The method of survey — electronic questionnaire. The main purpose of the study was to verify the trends of internetization of older people identified by in-depth interview in the previous survey of 2017. As a result of the survey, an electronic database was formed in the program of processing and analysis of SPSS Statistics data. There was obtained a distribution of respondents ‘ answers to the questionnaire questions, including differentiation by social groups (age, employment, Internet experience, home environment) and typological groups (active and passive users, who prefer electronic and/or live communication, literate and illiterate from the point of safety, environment), calculated the average score of satisfaction with services. The survey results characterize a new way of life of respondents — techno-way, the main features of which are: the use of new forms of text, visual and audio-visual communication; purchase of goods and services, payment of bills from home; gradual disappearance of cash from use; widespread use of public services online; gradual replacement of fixed communication by mobile; a new way of obtaining cultural knowledge; the use of «smart» things. The study gave an idea of the role of psychological factors in the use of the Internet; of the peculiarities of its use by older people; the level of their satisfaction with new opportunities; revealed the risks to which users are exposed in the process of consumption of electronic services; determined the awareness of the target audience regarding Internet security and disposal of computers and gadgets.
Precarious employment in the Russian Federation: the state and directions of reduction
Authors: Bobkov Vyacheslav
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the results of implementation of the project “Precarity of employment in the Russian Federation: the state and directions of reduction”. The development of foreign and Russian studies of precarious employment has been systematized, and the contribution of the Russian scientists who have been at the forefront of studying this problem is shown. The specifics of the manifestation and spread of employment precarity in Russia is disclosed. There is analyzed the contribution of the Project to the development of research and practical measures for reduction of instable employment. The article considers the organizational, technical and socio-economic characteristics of precarious employment, its forced character for employees, contradicting interests of the employed, the capital and the bourgeois state in identifying and regulating precarious employment. The relationship between the instability of modern societies and the instability of employment is shown. It is substantiated that a special theory of precarious employment is being formed in Russia, due to the specifics of the emergence and development of the Russian capitalism. There are presented the practical results of the Project consisting in development of new indicators for its identification, segmentation of the Russian labor market depending on the prevalence of signs of employment precarity. A quantitative estimation of the extent of precarious employment in Russia has been carried out. There have been studied its characteristics on Internet platforms and the skills of workers demanded by employers under the conditions of precarious employment. The author proposes amendments to the Russian labor legislation aimed at legal regulation of new non-standard forms of employment and bringing them out of the “shadow”. There are proposed directions for a further research on precarious employment in Russia: development of a national program for reducing instability and increasing efficiency of employment, classification of its forms, and a roadmap for government actions to reduce precarious employment.
Migration situation in the Far East of Russia at the beginning of the 21st century
Authors: Rybakovsky Oleg , Tayunova Olga
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the migration situation in the Far East of Russia for 27 years the post-Soviet period. It is shown that during all these years there have been unforgiving interregional migration outflows of population from the Far East, poorly reimbursed by interstate migration growth and exacerbated by natural decline. Differences in the standard and conditions of living, in the development of infrastructure of the Far East regions and the old-inhabited European Russia do not add optimism on the issue of restraining migration outflows from the main geopolitical borderland and outstripping growth rate of its population. To estimate the intra-Russian migration capacity of the Far East population growth, the authors disclose and systematize the interregional migration connections of the Far East regions in 2006–2017. There are identified the Russian regions having the closest migratory connections with the Far East. In addition to those regions, in an exchange with which the Far East loses population, there are identified the areas having close migratory connections and roughly equivalent migration population exchange. They have the operational migration potential for increasing the flows of Russian population to the Far East. The article shows the structure of interregional migration losses of the Far East, from which 2/3 falls to 5 RF subjects — Moscow, Moscow oblast, Saint-Petersburg, Leningrad oblast and Krasnodar region. It provides the rationale for that without the economic and social policy reversal from West to East the task of re-colonization of the Far East cannot be solved. And interstate migration alone would not be up to the task. The conclusion contains suggestions for improving the situation.
Impact of the demographic and socio-economic factors on the population health
Authors: Budilova Elena , Lagutin Mikhail , Migranova Lyudmila
Published: October 2021

Public health depends on many factors: genetic, climatic, environmental, behavioral, socio-economic, institutional. The article presents the results of a study of the influence of demographic and socio-economic factors on the characteristics of population health — population health index (PНI) and primary disease incidence by main classes of diseases. The study was conducted using the methods of correlation analysis with the account of differences between the RF subjects. The information base was provided by Rosstat data on the subjects of the Russian Federation for 2014–2016. The results of the study showed that the population health index had stable, significant positive relations only with the share of working-age people (%) in the total population, and negative ones with the ratio of women and men in the total population. Only urban population (as % of total) is significantly related to most of the main diseases. Urban population is less prone to circulatory system diseases, but more susceptible to infectious and parasitic diseases, cancers, respiratory diseases, injuries, poisoning and other external causes, that may be due to both the negative impact of the urban environment on public health and the higher detection rate of diseases due to the greater accessibility of health services for urban population. Among the socio-economic factors having significant correlations with health indicators were per capita GRP and population per doctor. In the economically more successful regions (as a rule, with developed industrial production) the incidence of circulatory diseases is lower, but the incidence of cancers, respiratory diseases, injuries, poisoning, and other consequences of external causes is higher. Quality of life index is significantly related to diseases of the respiratory and digestive organs. Characteristics of population health had no significant stable relation to consumption of basic foodstuffs.
Self-employment in Russia: state and potential for development
Authors: Nesterenko Yulia , Protasova Evgenia
Published: October 2021

The article deals with self-employment as a new form of labor relations. It is noted that self-employment is a fairly broad concept that does not have a relevant assessment both in the existing legal acts and in the public consciousness. The present situation reduces the effectiveness of the state policy towards citizens who have decided to engage in their own activities, and does not allow society to understand the importance of the institution of self-employment for socio-economic development of the country.
The authors prove that formation of self-employment is an objective process resulting from changes in the model of modern economy. For example, we observe growth in the share of services in GDP, increasing mobility of the labor market, large-scale introduction of innovation and digital technologies, new incentives and motives for labor, strengthening requirements to the level of competences of employees, the necessity to optimize production costs. The attention is mainly paid to the analysis of Russian labor market of self-employed. It is noted that despite the positive dynamics of indicators, the level of legal self-employment in our country is extremely low. It does not meet the requirements of national economy and the parameters adopted in developed countries.
In order to promote entrepreneurial activities, reduce unemployment and informal employment, it is necessary to strengthen the state control. This will increase business activity and provide favorable atmosphere for the economic development. These measures should be aimed at establishing legal status of self-employed people, based on a multi-functional criterion, and at solving tactical and strategic tasks as well. The first group provides a complex of administrative, property, informational, financial support for the self-employed. The other provides the formation of a new economic environment in the country, which will foster interest in self-employment on a legal basis.