bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fruit Introduction, its Problems, and Place in National Wealth
Authors:   Minister for Public Information Madras, M BAPINEEDU
Published: November 2023

In times gone by, India was known as the garden of the world. But today India is in poverty. Midas starving amidst the heaps of gold, does not afford a greater paradox. Why should there be periodic visits of famine and pestilence in a country where land is fertile, sunshine in plenty, winter injury negligible and the growing season long and favourable for good agriculture? In the utilization of our natural resources lies the real foundation of national prosperity.
Tea Cultivation in South India
Authors:   Manager Gajam, Mudi Estate Anamalais, E.A STONE
Published: November 2023

Nitrogenous Cover crops. Various plants of the leguminosae family are grown in tea for green manure, and for helping to stop soil erosion. The method of planting adopted is to sow the seed thinly over about 1 feet width every other row of tea as soon after pruning as possible. (It is partly for this reason that the branches from pruning tea are usually stacked in every other row, so leaving alternate rows for planting cover crops.) Earth is lightly scratched over the seed with a kokra. The best times for planting are in the showery weather preceding and following the heavy monsoon. Species of Crotalaria, Tehprosia Vogelli, T. Candida and species of Indi- gofera are planted. Some Indigoferas like I. endecaphylla are planted from cuttings and spread over the surface of the ground giving a good protection from erosion in wet weather, but unfortunately they tend to die back entirely in dry weather, so being of no use to stop "dry wash". Some planters claim that on steep cultivated hillsides as much soil is lost in the dry weather by being pushed down by the labourer's feet and slipping of its own accord, as is lost in wet weather by wash. The other varieties mentioned are planted by seed, and being planted after the tea has been pruned, have plenty of room for quick growth. Cover crops of this kind are regularly cut back to about 1' to 1 from ground level, so producing plenty of loppings for mulching over and covering the ground, and even- tually rotting and supplying the ground with more nitrogenous food than has been taken out. (The various processes from fixation of atmospheric nitrogen through to its final oxidisation into nitrates for the use of the leguminous plants by Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter and kindred bacteria, will be well-known to my readers). Once the plants are allowed to seed, they become woody and little or no more loppings will be obtainable from them, so they should be lopped when they start flowering, or when they bush out and start interfering with the tea. After about two years from planting the seed the leguminous plants become woody and useless and are rooted out. Anyway, by this time, the tea bushes have grown to a complete cover of the ground.
Production of Fertilizers in India
Authors:   SuperIntendent Government Test House Alipur, N.N Sen Gupta
Published: November 2023

The principle underlying the use of fertilizers, namely, the necessity of add- ing plant food to the soil, was understood in a general way even in the early days of civilization. It was only about a century ago, however, that the science of plant nutrition and the requirements of the soil for certain elements, in which it is liable to be deficient, began to be clear as a result of the researches of de Saus- sure and Liebig on the Continent and Lowes and Gilbert in England. The ver- satile i awes was not only one of the most brilliant pathfinders in agricultural science but was also the first manufacturer of a chemical fertilizer, namely super- phosphate. Phenomenal progress has since been made in the manufacture of chemical fertilizers in Europe, America and Japan, and today the combined. world production in the case of some of the important fertilizers is computed in terms of millions of tons. The fertilizer industry by its effect on the cost of production of sulphuric acid has given a tremendous impetus to the development of the heavy chemical industries. Since the World War of 1914-18 the synthetic manufacture of fertilizers has been greatly developed.
Soil Erosion by Surface Run-off.
Authors:   Soil Physicist, Dry Farming Station Hagari, A SUBBA RAO
Published: November 2023

In the black soil areas of the Ceded Districts conditions are generally favourable for heavy losses of soil and water by surface run- off after rains. Sheet erosion has been responsible for a steady deteriora- tion in the depth and fertility of the soil. The main factors contributing to this are (1) the heavy type of soil-which does not allow the rain water to be absorbed as fast as it is received, (2) the undulating nature of the land and (3) the great intensity of the rainfall. About half the annual rainfall of the tract is received within a limited period of four to six weeks between September and October. Unless proper preventive measures are adopted, most of the rainfall received in heavy instalments is lost as surface run-off carrying with it large quantities of the rich surface soil. A knowledge of the exact amount of soil and water lost by run-off is essential for an under standing of the magnitude of the problem.
Some Correlations in the Appendages of the Indian Honey Bee.
Authors:   Agricultural Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, R RATNAM
Published: November 2023

That variations in honey bees are displayed not only in the average dimensions of their various appendages, but in the coefficients of correlations between such measurements as well, was indicated by Alpatov (1929). In the present paper are furnished the coefficients of correlation of the measurements of tongue, right forewing and right hind leg of four colonies of Apis indica, the variations in the biometry of which were reported previously (Ratnam, 1939). The data used for the present paper are the same as those used for the previous one."
Soy Bean Trials in Madras.
Authors:   Assitant Director of Agriculture Cuddalore, M ANANDAN
Published: November 2023

Soy bean plant (Glycine max, Merr.) has been known to, and cultivated by, the Mongoloid races for several centuries as one of their most important food crops and feed for their domestic stock, while it was not even widely known to the other races of mankind until so late as the 18th century. Manchuria, China, Korea and Japan were, and are still the chief countries of production and export of this most important legumi- nous crop to the other parts of the world. Soy bean seed is very rich in protein and fat of high biological value and contains vitamins A, B and D and is a good source of minerals like calcium, sodium, phosphorus and manganese. Its starch content is very low and is therefore of particular value as food for diabetics. The seed is used in a variety of ways as food by the Chinese and the Japanese. Soy bean meal and oil-cake are excellent feed for cattle, and the crop when cut and fed green or converted into hay forms a very valuable fodder rich in nitrogen comparable to alfalfa (lucerne) and clover in feed value. The cultivation of soy bean was started in the United States of America more than one hundred years ago, but the area occupied by it was very small and was only 2,000 acres in extent till 1914. From that year on- wards the expansion of the area under the crop was very rapid and at the present day it is reported to be occupying nearly six million acres in that country. Nearly 56 per cent of all the soy beans grown there is for use as hay. It is reported that soy bean hay cut at the proper time and well cured is almost equal, ton for ton, to alfalfa.
Seed Testing. An important Agricultural Practice.
Authors:   Lecturer in Botany,Agricultural College Coimbatore  641 003, S.N CHANDRASEKARA AYYAR
Published: November 2023

What is it that every gardener or farmer would most desire? The ready answer to this question will doubtless be one word 'success'. Success in good farming or gardening will mean the production of the largest, the handsomest, the healthiest and the most vigorously growing plants yielding the maximum produce which will give an abundant return for the labour and expense of running a farm or a garden. For, 'a product properly produced is already more than half marketed'. The first and the foremost criterion is the purity of the seed for its species and the strain or variety the farmer which intends to grow. For example, if it is to be Co: Combodia, he must make sure that it is Co, Cambodia and nothing else, for it is a very common thing to find inferior cotton seeds like those of Pulichai mixed up with this. The next point to be considered is that the seed should be free from other crop seeds. A sample of cotton may con- tain seeds of tenai. A third point to be noted is it should be free of weed seeds and in this connection no amount of emphasis can be laid on its free- dom from seeds of weeds of a parasitio nature such as those of Striga, Orobanche, Cuscuta, etc. Another point for consideration is that the seed sample should be free from mechanical impurities such as mud, bracts, bracteoles, etc. The most important point, however, is that every seed sown should sprout and grow into a healthy plant. There should be absolutely no gaps in the field. Success in farming, therefore, centres to a great extent round the seed. The farmer must see that the seeds he consigns to earth are endowed with a maximum power of life. If one wants a hundred per cent result one must plant seeds that rate 100 in the scale of life in a soil that rates 100 in the scale of fertility.
Rock Bee Honey, its Extraction and Preservation.
Authors:   Agricultural Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, M.C CHERIAN , S RAMACHANDRAN ,   Agricultural Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003
Published: November 2023

The Rock bee (Apis dorsata,) has been the main source of honey in India from time immemorial, though the quality of the material available to the public was poor. The recent introduction of modern methods of beekeeping and their rapid spread in this presidency have. revolutionised the popular notion about pure honey. Machine-extracted honey from the domesticated Indian bee (Apis indica,) always fetches a good price, while Rock bee honey is not so popular on account of its Impure and sometimes fermented condition when it reaches the consumer. A study of the existing methods of honey extraction and preservation was therefore taken up and the possibilities of improvement explored. The present paper contains a short account of the trials conducted and the results obtained, therefrom.
A Economia da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro - uma Síntese Histórica: da formação às suas possibilidades
Authors: Costa Valter Mattos da
Published: November 2023

Este artigo tem como objetivo primordial apresentar aos estudantes um panorama resumido da evolução econômica da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Destaca-se um conjunto de fatores que, em diversos momentos cruciais de sua história, elevaram a cidade a um papel de destaque no cenário brasileiro – posição que, atualmente, mostra sinais de declínio. Partindo do princípio de que as relações humanas são intrinsecamente sociais, o artigo lança um olhar crítico sobre aspectos marcantes de seu desenvolvimento histórico, discutindo problemas e potencialidades da cidade. Essas questões são interpretadas como resultados e perspectivas emergentes das relações estabelecidas coletivamente pelos indivíduos ao longo do tempo.
The Effect of Financial Knowledge, Financial Behavior, and Income on Financial Satisfaction of Employees in Production at PT Sarana Karya Utama
Authors: Hartanti Irmaya Tri , Handayani Anita
Published: November 2023

The background in this research is that the employees in this production section are not able to manage their personal finances, so they experience financial dissatisfaction. Many factors influence financial satisfaction, one of which is income, financial knowledge, and financial behavior. This study aims to examine the effect of financial knowledge, financial behavior, and income on financial satisfaction in production employees at PT Sarana Karya Utama. This research uses quantitative methods. The population in this research is employees of the production department of PT Sarana Karya Utama, totaling 52 people, while taking samples using probability sampling technique. The reason is because taking samples from a population of less than 100 samples studied by researchers are 52 production employees. The analysis technique uses instrument test, classic assumption test, and hypothesis test. For test aids using the Statistical Package For The Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of this study indicate that financial knowledge has an influence on financial satisfaction, financial behavior has an influence on financial satisfaction, income has an influence on financial satisfaction.
Application of the K-Means Algorithm for Clustering Production of Capture Fisheries in Maluku Province
Authors: Matdoan M. Y , Purnamasari Nur A. , Laamena Novita S.
Published: November 2023

Maluku Province has large natural resources with various potentials, from the ocean floor to the mainland. Capture fishery products are one of the leading sectors that contribute greatly to the GRDP of Maluku Province. The K-Means clustering algorithm is a suitable algorithm for grouping data objects that have the same identity. The purpose of this study is to cluster districts/cities in Maluku Province based on capture fishery products. The type of data in this study is secondary data sourced from the Maluku Province Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) Publication in 2022. The result is that there are 3 districts/cities clusters in Maluku Province based on capture fishery products. Cluster 1 with the category of sufficient capture fisheries products, namely the Districts of Tanimbar Islands, Buru, East Seram, West Seram, South Buru, Southwest Maluku, Ambon City and Tual City. Furthermore, Cluster 2 with the category of many capture fishery products, namely the Aru Islands Regency and Southeast Maluku Regency. Furthermore, for Cluster 3, the category of capture fishery products is very large, namely Central Maluku Regency.
Ensino de língua portuguesa mediado por gêneros discursivos da esfera argumentativa em um livro didático
Authors: Silva Jobson Jorge da , Henz Rossana Regina Guimarães Ramos
Published: November 2023

Este estudo objetiva analisar os gêneros discursivos da esfera argumentativa do primeiro capítulo de um Livro Didático de Língua Portuguesa (Se liga na língua: leitura, produção de texto e linguagem: manual do professor) à luz da teoria da enunciação e da perspectiva da progressão de gêneros. Desse modo, percebemos a visão didática e metodológica desse instrumento pedagógico a partir do trabalho com gêneros textuais da esfera argumentativa na perspectiva do argumentar para convencer. Assim, de modo geral, entendemos o livro didático como algo que faz parte de nosso cotidiano: é adquirido, em geral, no início do ano, em livrarias e papelarias quase sempre lotadas (ou adquirido gratuitamente nas escolas públicas); que vai sendo utilizado à medida que avança o ano escolar. Nesse sentido, organizamos, metodologicamente, o nosso estudo a partir de uma análise qualitativa de cunho bibliográfico e documental, a partir acepções analíticas, quanto à enunciação, ao trabalho progressivo com gêneros e com relação à estratégia tipológica utilizada. Fundamentamos nosso estudo em Bakhtin (1997), Batista (2009), Bunzen; Rojo (2005) e Leffa (2012). Em termos gerais, concluímos que esta pesquisa aponta para uma proposta crítica e formativa, tendo em vista, o trabalho com o Livro Didático. Entendemos que, o material analisado pode contribuir para a ampliação dos conhecimentos dos/as alunos/as e está diretamente relacionado com as diretrizes oficiais para o ensino de língua portuguesa.
Eduardo mãos de pen drive: efeitos de sentidos na análise de um meme sobre a ida do deputado Eduardo Bolsonaro à Copa do Mundo no Qatar
Authors: Silva Dalexon Sérgio da
Published: November 2023

: O presente trabalho analisa um meme publicado no dia 29 de novembro de 2022, no site do UOL, sobre a ida do deputado federal Eduardo Bolsonaro (PL-SP), à Copa do Mundo no Qatar, dizendo que a sua viagem durante a Copa do Mundo ocorreu para levar vídeos, em Inglês dentro de pen drives, "explicando a situação do Brasil à comunidade internacional". Tal acontecimento fez circular na internet inúmeros memes, gerando críticas tanto de opositores, quanto de apoiadores dele. Tomando o meme como materialidade discursiva, por meio da Análise Materialista do Discurso de vertente pecheuxtiana, este artigo analisa os efeitos de sentidos produzidos na circulação desse meme e o modo como funciona a memória discursiva a partir dele, que traz já-ditos e funcionamentos constitutivos na exterioridade pela historicidade, inscritos numa rede de memórias, nessa relação sempre constitutiva entre paráfrase e polissemia.
Enunciados exclamativos: evidência e inferência
Authors: Moreno António
Published: November 2023

Este texto tem objetivo de analisar e explicar o funcionamento enunciativo dos enunciados exclamativos que codificam um valor evidencial. Para tal considera-se, como ponto de partida, uma proposta explicativa segundo a qual o processo evidencial em causa nas explicativas é tipicamente uma inferência abdutiva. Para testar esta proposta são analisados exemplos contextualizados de enunciados exclamativos extraídos do primeiro capítulo de Os Maias. A análise demonstra que o processo inferencial subjacente aos enunciados exclamativos considerados é não abdutivo, mas, antes, dedutivo. Defende-se ainda que, nos exemplos considerados, a relação de negação entre uma situação esperada e uma situação constatada, que caracteriza qualquer enunciado exclamativo evidencial, ainda que inferencial dedutiva, pode corresponder a diferentes tipos de dedução.
Efektivitas Perkuliahan Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Dan Prestasi Dalam Belajar Mahasiswa, Refleksi Pada Mahasiswa Dengan Status Pekerja Di STTI Bontang
Authors: Irianto  , Panduwinata Pina , Yusrivan
Published: November 2023

This study aims to describe the effectiveness of Islamic Religious Education learning in increasing student motivation and learning achievement, especially for students with working status at the Bontang Industrial Technology College. Being a working student is certainly not easy to be able to focus on their lecture activities, this makes them also have to focus on the work they have carried out. They are required to work when outside of their class hours and return to work when after their lecture hours, this makes it difficult for students to manage time between college and work. This research is descriptive qualitative research is a research method that seeks to describe and interpret objects in real terms as they are, without manipulating research data. The approach in this research is the educational science approach, in this case the educational science approach is an approach that is systematically organized by having certain methods that are scientific in nature. The results showed that Islamic Religious Education lectures can increase motivation and achievement in student learning, especially for students with working status at STTI Bontang. This is evidenced by very satisfying learning achievements (GPA), high intensity of attendance and involvement and students who show that students have high motivation and lecture strategies applied by doses can run well.
EVALUASI PELAKSANAAN KEBIJAKAN BOSDA SMP UNTUK MENDUKUNG WAJIB BELAJAR 9 TAHUN
Authors: Ngurah Partha Made , Usman Husaini , Devung G Simon
Published: November 2023

The objectives of this current study are: (1) To evaluate the policy of the School Activities and  Budget planning (RKAS) and the formulation of the Budget Plan (RAB) for the Junior High Schools’ regional school operational assistance funds (BOSDA)  to support the 9-year compulsory education; (2) Evaluating the implementation of the Junior High Schools’ BOSDA Program to Support the 9-year Compulsory Education; (3) Evaluating Junior High Schools’ BOSDA Fund Supervision policies to Support the 9-year Compulsory Education; (4) Knowing the Target Achievement of Junior High Schools’ BOSDA Program to Support the 9-year Compulsory Education; (5) Knowing the comparison of the results achieved in the objectives of the Junior High Schools’ BOSDA Program to Support the 9-year Compulsory Education; (6) Finding the SMP BOSDA formula to obtain the ideal amount of funding to support the 9-year compulsory education. This study used qualitative research methods emphasizing naturalistic results combined with quantitative research. The qualitative data were analyzed using data analysis techniques described by Miles and Huberman. The validity of the qualitative data is seen through the process of credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability. While the Model of evaluation used in this study is the Discrepancy Evaluation Model (DEM) developed by Malcolm Provus.

The study concludes: (1) The policy of the RKAS and the RAB for the Junior High Schools’ BOSDA funds were quite effective to support the 9-year compulsory education; (2) The implementation of the Junior High Schools’ BOSDA program monitored by the BOSDA management team was quite effective to support the 9 year compulsory education; (3) Supervision of the implementation of the BOSDA program was ineffective to support the 9 year compulsory education as a result of ineffective internal supervisors, inspectorates and BPK as well as communities and school committees,; (4) The target of BOSDA policy is the achievement of National Education Standards (SNP), taking into account that school operating costs are determined by the number of students and some fixed cost components that do not depend on the number of students; (5) The goals achievement of BOSDA were appropriate with the BOSDA program, namely to free all-state students from fees for school operation; and (6) The formula of Junior High Schools’ BOSDA of 2,58 million rupiahs/student/year as minimum standards of service which so far is only Rp.1,580,000 to support the 9-year compulsory education could only be achieved when the BOSDA funds meet the needs of students, provides required school facilities, and improves schools’ infrastructures.

In this study the amount of 2,58 million rupiahs/student/year is found to be the ideal formula to meet the minimum standards of service to support the 9-year compulsory education at Junior High Schools level.
KESIAPAN BERWIRAUSAHA MAHASISWA TEKNIK MESIN SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNIK INDUSTRI BONTANG DITINJAU DARI PENGETAHUAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN, DUKUNGAN KELUARGA, SOFT SKILL, DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR
Authors: Irianto
Published: November 2023

The study aimed to investigate: (1) the influence of entrepreneurship knowledge, family support, soft skill and learning achievement on the students entrepreneurship readiness, (2) the influence of entrepreneurship knowledge on the students entrepreneurship readiness, (3) the influence of family support on the students entrepreneurship readiness, (4) the influence of soft skills on the students entrepreneurship readiness, (5) the influence of learning achievement on the students entrepreneurship readiness.

The population of this research was all students of Mechanical Engineering, STTIB Bontang in the academic year of 2022/2023 who had taken the entrepreneurship course. Therefore, the subject of this research was 106 from the academic year of 2020 - 2021

The research finding follow: (1) there are influence of entrepreneurship knowledge, family support, soft skills and learning achievement on the students’ entrepreneurship readiness, (2) there are influence of entrepreneurship knowledge on the students’ entrepreneurship readiness shown by the partial correlations result, (3) there are influence of family support on the students’ entrepreneurship readiness, (4) there are influence of soft skills on the students’ entrepreneurship readiness, (5) there are influence of learning achievement on the students’ entrepreneurship readiness.
Principal's Leadership Strategy to Improve School Achievement in the Covid-19 Era: Comparative Study of Two Senior High Schools
Authors: Pardosi Jawatir , Haryaka Usfandi
Published: November 2023

This study aims to describe: 1) the leadership strategy of two school principals, 2) school achievement, and 3) efforts to improve school achievement during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research method. It used snowball sampling. The study was conducted at State Senior High School 1 (SHS) and Catholic High School (CHS). Key informants consisted of 1 principal, one vice principal, three teachers, three education staff, three students, and three parents from each school for in-depth interviews. Data collection techniques were also carried out through observation and documentation studies. The results showed that: 1) in SHS the relationship-oriented leadership pattern stood out, while in the CHS the task-oriented leadership pattern was more prominent, (2) the achievement of both high schools was above the national average; and 3) The Head of SHS forms a learning group based on interests and talents, while CHS forms an innovative virtual achievement group. The results of this study are helpful for school principals as a reference in implementing effective leadership patterns to improve school achievement. The taxonomy of leadership patterns (entrepreneurial, bureaucratic, political, and professional) can be applied to improve school achievement, although there is a different emphasis between the two schools
Persepsi Guru PJOK Sekolah Dasar terhadap Pembelajaran Online selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Kabupaten Kutai Timur
Authors: Tominsen Yohanes
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap persepsi guru PJOK terhadap pembelajaran online yang ditinjau dari 3 aspek yakni Perencanaan, Pelaksanaan, dan Evaluasi. Responden 31 guru dari 8 Komunitas Kerja Guru (KKG) PJOK dari 18 Kecamatan di Kabupaten Kutai Timur memberikan data hasil angket (kuesioner) untuk diobservasi. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen angket (kuesioner) dan teknik analisis data menggunakan tabulasi data, analisis deskriptif kategorial, dan persentase. Penelitian dilakukan selama 3 bulan (Juni - Agustus 2021) dengan menyebarkan link kuesioner Google Form melalui aplikasi Whatsapp menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran online ditinjau dari aspek Perencanaan masuk dalam kategori Kurang Setuju 65,81%; guru kurang mampu dalam mengembangkan potensi siswa, menyesuaikan pembelajaran online dengan kebutuhan daerah, menyesuaikan perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pembelajaran, serta mendiagnosa kebutuhan dan kemampuan siswa; pembelajaran online ditinjau dari aspek Pelaksanaan masuk dalam kategori Setuju 76,77%; guru mampu menyiapkan perangkat pembelajaran, media, aplikasi, strategi, mampu mencapai tujuan pembelajaran serta mampu menyesuaikan dengan Kurikulum K13 dengan baik; pembelajaran online ditinjau dari aspek Evaluasi masuk dalam kategori Setuju 73,12%; guru mampu melaksanakan program pembelajaran dengan memberikan program remedial, melakukan tes evaluasi dua kali dalam satu semester, memberikan soal midtest/ujian, serta mampu memberikan pemahaman siswa dengan tugas/pelajaran rumah. Kebaruan penelitian adalah mengkaji persepsi guru PJOK Tingkat SD terhadap pembelajaran online walaupun belum mewakili persepsi semua guru di Kutai Timur dan diperoleh kelebihan dan kekurangan dari pembelajaran online pada siswa Sekolah Dasar.
A Taxonomic Hide and Seek: Phylogenetic and Phylogeographic Relationships in the Southeast Asian Box Turtle, Cuora amboinensis (Riche in Daudin, 1801)
Authors: Blanck Torsten , Gaillard Daniel , Protiva Tomáš , Wheatley Madeleine , Shi Haitao , Liu Lin , Ray Parimal Chandra , Anders Ben
Published: November 2023

Cuora amboinensis is considered to be the most wide-ranging member of its genus and has one of the widest distributions of all geoemydid turtle species. The range of Cuora amboinensis spans major biogeographic barriers and encompasses diverse habitats. The genetics (nuDNA and mtDNA) and morphometry of 288 Cuora amboinensis sensu lato (s.l.) specimens from across its range were analyzed, and we identified five divergent species-level clades and two subspecies-level clades. One of the two identified potential subspecies lacked reliable locality data, requiring further field research before taxonomic steps can be undertaken. We designate a neotype for Cuora amboinensis sensu stricto and elevate both Cuora amboinensis couro and Cuora amboinensis lineata to species-level taxa. In addition, we describe two new species and one new subspecies from the «Cuora amboinensis» complex. The wide distribution of Cuora amboinensis s.l. is problematic because it is indigenous to many Pacific and Indian Ocean islands. We sought to clarify plausible dispersal hypotheses across islands using phylogeographic analyses.
Rikusho Kanji Bushu Nikudzuki (月) dalam Kamus Kanji Tadashiku Kakeru Tadashiku Tsukaeru Chuugakukanji 1130
Authors: Inzaghi Yogi Andriant , Andari Novi
Published: November 2023

Kanji adalah salah satu huruf yang dipakai oleh masyarakat jepang dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Asal-usul kanji digolongkan dalam teori bernama rikusho. Dalam rikusho penggolongan kanji dibagi menjadi shokei-moji (象形文字), shiji-moji (指示文字), kaii-moji (会意文字), keisei-moji (形声文字), tenchuu-moji (転注文字), dan kasha-moji (仮借文字). Salah satu unsur yang mempengaruhi bentuk kanji adalah bushu. Bushu memiliki peranan penting terhadap makna kanji karena masyarakat Jepang juga menggolongkan kanji berdasarkan bushu yang dimiliki kanji tersebut. Salah satu bushu yang menarik adalah nikudzuki (月), karena bushu tersebut memiliki bentuk yang mirip dengan kanji tsuki (月) yang berarti “Bulan”, akan tetapi bushu nikudzuki malah tidak berhubungan dengan “Bulan” melainkan berhubugnan dengan “Daging”. Dalam penelitian ini akan mengklasifikasikan kanji yang memiliki bushu nikudzuki yang terdapat pada kamus kanji Tadashikukakeru Tadashikutsukaeru Chuugakukanji 1130 dalam rikusho. Peneitian ini menggunakan naritachi untuk mengetahui asal-usul pembentukan kanji. Dan menggunakan metode deskriptif sebagai desain penelitan dan kualitatif sebagai pendekatan. Dua puluh sembilan data yang ada di dalam penelitian diklasifikasikan ke dalam 3 rikusho. Dua belas data termasuk dalam klasifikasi kaii-moji (会意文字). Lima belas data termasuk dalam klasifikasi keisei-moji (形声文字). Dua data termasuk dalam klasifikasi tenchuu-moji (転注文字).

Kata kunci: rikusho, kanji, bushu, nikudzuki
Bentuk dan Makna Variasi Wakamono Kotoba Penggemar Grup SHINee di Twitter
Authors: Amalijah Eva , Nadiya Aksanu
Published: November 2023

Wakamono kotoba merupakan variasi bahasa yang digunakan oleh kawula muda di Jepang. Kawula muda cenderung membentuk kelompok-kelompok. Kelompok-kelompok tersebut kemudian memiliki variasi wakamono kotoba tersendiri yang tidak dimengerti oleh anggota kelompok lain. Salah satukelompok yang memiliki variasi wakamono kotoba yang unik adalah kelompok penggemar grup SHINee. Kelompok penggemar grup SHINee banyak berinteraksi lewat Twitter. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk dan makna wakamono kotoba yang digunakan oleh penggemargrup SHINee di media sosial Twitter. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan morfologis dan semantis. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori pembentukan wakamono kotoba oleh Masakazu untuk menganalisis bentuk wakamono kotoba dan teori makna oleh Sutediuntuk menganalisis makna. Dari 81 data, ditemukan 69 wakamono kotoba terbentuk melalui satu proses pembentukan, 11 wakamono kotoba terbentuk melalui dua proses pembentukan, dan satu wakamono kotoba terbentuk melalui tiga proses pembentukan. Proses pembentukan yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah proses penyingkatan dengan 39 wakamono kotoba. Salah satu karakteristik yang ada pada variasi wakamono kotoba yang digunakan oleh penggemar grup SHINee adalah banyak ditemukan wakamono kotoba yang terbentuk melalui penggunaan bahasa Korea. Makna variasi wakamono kotoba penggemar SHINee kebanyakan tidak berubah dari makna dasar dan hanya beberapa yang mengalami perluasan makna.

Kata Kunci: wakamono kotoba, pembentukan kata, makna, penggemar grup SHINee
Ideologi Kepemimpinan Senku Ishigami dalam Anime Dr.Stone Season 1 Episode 1-10 Karya Riichiro Inagaki
Authors: Pramudita Prathama Tryas , Andari Novi
Published: November 2023

Bahasa, Sastra, dan Ideologi adalah tiga istilah kata yang tidak dapat dipisahkan. Karya sastra apapun adalah merupakan produk bahasa. Konsep ideologi tidak hanya ada dalam kehidupan nyata, namun dapat direpresentasikan didalam karya sastra, salah satu contohnya adalah anime dari jepang yang berjudul Dr.Stone karya Riichiro Inagaki. Dalam serial anime Dr.Stone ini, terdapat unsur ideologi serta sifat kepemimpinan yang sangat ditonjolkan pada tokoh utama yang bernama Senku Ishigami. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sifat-sifat serta ideologi tokoh utama pada anime Dr.Stone. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian sosiologi sastra (politik kepemimpinan). Adapun data dalam bentuk dialog/subtitle yang mengandung unsur ideologi kepemimpinan diperoleh dengan cara melakukan simak catat waktu adegan lalu disusun sesuai kategori. Terdapat 4 data yang mewakili kategorisasi dari jumlah 14 data yang diperoleh pada serial anime Dr.Stone Season 1 Episode 1-10. Selanjutnya pada tahap analisis, data yang telah dikategorisasikan kemudian dijelaskan melalui poin-poin inti kalimat berdasarkan beberapa teori yang telah disebutkan. Setelah dianalisis, dapat ditarik kesimpulan sesuai dengan rumusan masalah bahwa Senku Ishigami selaku tokoh utama memiliki sifat kepemimpinan yaitu, cerdas, kedewasaan, dorongan motivasi, sikap hubungan kemanusiaan serta memiliki gaya kepemimpinan kharismatik. Adapun berdasarkan ideologi kepemimpinan, Senku Ishigami penganut jenis Ideologi Terbuka yaitu Ideologi Sosialisme.

Kata Kunci: Karya Sastra, Anime, Ideologi, Sifat Kepemimpinan.
Does Privatisation Improve Financial and Operating Performance of a Firm? The Case of Tanzania Breweries Ltd
Authors: Njaala Papias Daudi
Published: November 2023

Extant theoretical and empirical literature show that profitability, efficiency, capital expenditure, output and dividends improve (increase) after privatisation. However, previous studies showed a mixture of results on employment levels after privatisation: some showing increases and some showing decreases in employment levels after privatisation. Previous studies also showed that leverage levels decrease after privatisation. In this study the author reviewed some literature regarding privatisation initiatives carried out in various countries and their repercussions on financial and operating performance of firms being privatised. He then used the case of Tanzania Breweries Ltd and compared its pre- and post-privatisation performance levels to evaluate whether there was any post-privatisation improvement. The t-test Paired Two Sample for Means available in Data Analysis Tool of Ms Excel was used to calculate pre- and post-privatisation means (averages) and mean differences for selected performance metrics and also for hypotheses testing. The results show that profitability (in terms of return on sales, return on assets and return on equity), operating efficiency (in terms of sales efficiency and net income efficiency), capital expenditure (in terms of capital expenditure to sales), output (in terms of hectolitres produced and real sales), dividend payout (in terms of dividend to sales ratio and dividend per share) and earnings in terms of earnings per share improved (increased) significantly after privatisation. Capital expenditure in terms of capital expenditure to assets increased but there was no strong evidence to support that the increase was attributable to privatisation or it was just by chance. Financial leverage (in terms of debt to assets and debt to equity) and number of employees improved (decreased) significantly after privatisation.
Ecocriticism in Bangladesh: Reading Environmental Concerns in Selina Hossain’s Short Stories
Authors: Chakraborty Keya
Published: November 2023

Having a historical legacy of the relationship between culture and nature, literature in Bangladesh has always incorporated ecological concerns. The study aims to explore the cultural attitude towards nature and environment in Bangladeshi short stories. It is observed that literature explicitly and implicitly aims to define and impart values with profound ecological implications. Hence, it has become an urgent matter these days to address the environmental concerns that have also seen to be impeding or challenging the aesthetic sensibilities. However, this study explores how environmental disasters in Bangladeshi short stories highlighting both life and fiction explicitly ties the representation to global reality. For the purpose of research, the study intends to analyse Selina Hossain’s short stories that talk about the inseparable relation between human and nature. However, the narrative in the selected short stories allows for a literary exploration of the relationship between Bangladeshi people and the natural resources available to them. The depiction in the text raises and addresses questions, which should be at the heart of the critical meta-discourse environment studies. This paper analyses ecocriticism in “Death”, “Khoai Nodir Baak Bodol”, and “Longor Khana” authored by Selina Hossain.
Neuroscience-inspired continuous learning: a sustainable approach to AI energy challenge
Authors: Xiao Dongsheng
Published: November 2023

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various sectors, from industry to healthcare, driven by significant strides in computational power, data availability, and algorithmic innovations. However, this progress has escalated AI's computational demands, leading to increased energy consumption and substantial carbon emissions, thereby posing significant environmental challenges. In contrast, the human brain offers a model of exceptional efficiency and adaptability, capable of continuous learning with minimal resource consumption. This perspective article explores the potential of harnessing neuroscience principles to develop energy-efficient AI systems, drawing inspiration from the brain's mechanisms for continuous multi-task learning, such as modular organization, dynamic neural network reconfiguration, and synaptic plasticity. These principles suggest a path towards AI models that reduce energy demands by minimizing repetitive training cycles, akin to the brain's efficient learning processes. The article delves into the integration of these neuroscience-inspired models into AI, addressing the challenges of replicating complex neural processes and adapting AI architectures for incremental learning. It proposes a sustainable framework for AI development, emphasizing the need to align technological advancements with environmental conservation. The discussion extends to the societal and ethical implications of AI's energy and carbon footprint, highlighting the urgency for a paradigm shift towards more sustainable AI practices. Through this interdisciplinary approach, the article underscores the possibility of a future where AI development is aligned with the goals of environmental stewardship, paving the way for a more sustainable and responsible technological landscape.
Wildfires increasingly threaten oil and gas wells in the western United States with disproportionate impacts on marginalized populations
Authors: Gonzalez David , Morello-Frosch Rachel , Liu Zehua , Willis Mary , Feng Yan , McKenzie Lisa , Steiger Benjamin , Wang Jiali , Deziel Nicole , Casey Joan
Published: November 2023

The western United States is home to most of the nation’s oil and gas production and, increasingly, wildfires. We examined historical threats of wildfires for oil and gas wells, the extent to which wildfires are projected to threaten wells as climate change progresses, and exposure of human populations to these wells. From 1984–2019, we found that cumulatively 102,882 wells were located in wildfire burn areas, and 348,853 people were exposed (resided ≤ 1 km). During this period, we observed a five-fold increase in the number of wells in wildfire burn areas and a doubling of the population within 1 km of these wells. These trends are projected to increase by late century, likely threatening human health. Approximately 2.9 million people reside within 1 km of wells in areas with high wildfire risk, and Black, Hispanic, and Native American people have disproportionately high exposure to wildfire-threatened wells.
Gamified smartphone experiments reveal that fluctuations in decision-making precede changes in real-life drinking in alcohol use disorder
Authors: Zech Hilmar G , Waltmann Maria , Lee Ying , Reichert Markus , Bedder Rachel L , Rutledge Robb , Goschke Thomas , Lenz Bernd , Bach Patrick , Kiefer Falk , Spanagel Rainer , Tost Heike , Ebner-Priemer Ulrich , rapp michael , Heinz Andreas , Dolan Raymond J , Smolka Michael N. , Deserno Lorenz
Published: November 2023

Background. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major contributor to global disability and mortality. Cross-sectional studies have linked AUD to reduced cognitive control and heightened risky decision-making. However, the temporal direction of these effects remains unknown: are cognitive-behavioral alterations a consequence or a precursor of changes in drinking? Methods. We deployed a battery of smartphone-based, gamified tasks in a one-year longitudinal ecological momentary assessment study of N=288 participants diagnosed with mild to moderate AUD. Tasks measured cognitive control (working memory, response inhibition) and decision-making (risk-taking, information sampling). Participants completed tasks monthly and reported their alcohol consumption daily.Results. Using both conventional mixed models and specifically designed computational models, we found that monthly fluctuations in risky decision-making predicted subsequent alcohol consumption. Specifically, participants who showed increased risk-taking in a mixed-reward context and decreased information sampling consumed more alcohol in subsequent months. This temporal direction was specific and not observed vice versa, indicating risky decision-making as a precursor of subsequent drinking. Between-participant differences in working memory capacity moderated these effects, with higher capacity mitigating the impact of risky decision-making on drinking.Discussion. Our findings offer novel insights into the cognitive-behavioral forces driving changes in alcohol consumption in AUD: decision-making alterations precede changes in alcohol consumption, and working memory capacity acts as a protective factor. These findings suggest that smartphone-based gamified tasks can be used to identify periods of heightened risk paving the way for mechanism-based, real-time interventions in AUD.
Structural Brain Correlates of Externalizing Traits and Symptoms in the IMAGEN Sample
Authors: Phillips Nathaniel Luke , Sharpe Brinkley M. , Hyatt Courtland , Owens Max Michael , CARTER NATHAN T , Lynam Donald , Miller Josh
Published: November 2023

The evidence supporting the presence of individual brain structure correlates of the externalizing spectrum (EXT) is sparse and mixed. To date, large-sample studies of brain-EXT relations have found mainly null to very small effects by focusing exclusively on either EXT-related personality traits (e.g., Hyatt et al., 2022) or EXT-related disorders/symptoms (e.g., Mewton et al., 2022). In this preregistered study using IMAGEN data (N = 1,370), we investigated the structural brain correlates of EXT factors that comprise both personality (e.g., antagonism) and psychopathology constructs (e.g., conduct disorder) across levels of morphometric specificity. Brain morphometry was operationalized in terms of omnibus measures (e.g., total brain volume), subcortical volume, and Desikan atlas regions (N = 161 sMRI metrics). We operationalized our integrated personality-psychopathology EXT through exploratory factor analyses of EXT-related measures, which identified two dimensions — Non-Substance Use and Substance Use— and one overarching EXT domain. Results were consistent with previous large-sample neuroscientific investigations of EXT: The vast majority of relations were null, and all effect sizes were very small (largest marginal R2 < .02). Preregistered supplementary analyses indicated that all significant relations found were driven by total intracranial volume and sex of the participant and became nonsignificant following the inclusion of these covariates. We conclude with suggestions regarding the importance of relevant covariates and large samples in clinical neuroscientific investigations.
Genetics and the Science of Reading
Authors: Estrera Stephanie , Lancaster Hope Sparks , Hart Sara Ann
Published: November 2023

As is clear to educators, students in the same class differ widely in their reading skills. Reading skill development is a result of the interplay between genetic (nature) and environmental (nurture) influences and understanding the role of each of these on reading skills is valuable in creating and improving upon educational interventions and instructional practices. Here, we review core findings from the field of modern behavioral genetics, a discipline that studies the interplay of genetic and environmental influences, on reading science. Additionally, we provide an overview of the key findings from behavioral genetic studies looking at how 1) students’ reading skills build over time, 2) genetic and environmental influences depend on each other (i.e., gene-environment correlations, gene-environment interactions) , and 3) technological advancements in measuring human DNA may further illuminate our understanding of how genes contribute to reading development. We close with a discussion on where the field should go to best serve educational stakeholders.
The offline roots of online hostility: Adult and childhood administrative records predict individual-level hostility on Twitter
Authors: Rasmussen Stig Hebbelstrup Rye , Bor Alexander , Petersen Michael Bang
Published: November 2023

Reducing hostility in social media interactions is a key public concern. Most extant research emphasizes how online contextual factors breed hostility. Here, we take a different perspective and focus on the offline roots of hostility, i.e., stable individual-level dispositions. Using a unique dataset of Danish Twitter users (N = 4,931), we merge data from administrative government registries with a behavioral measure of online hostility. We demonstrate that individuals with more aggressive dispositions (as proxied by the number of criminal verdicts) are more hostile in social media conversations. We also find evidence that features of childhood environments predict online hostility. Time spent in foster care is a strong predictor, while other indicators of childhood instability (e.g., the number of moves and divorced parents) are not. Furthermore, people from more resourceful childhood environment -- those with better grades in primary school and higher parental socioeconomic status -- are more hostile on average, potentially because such people are more politically engaged. These results offer an important reminder that much online hostility is rooted in offline experiences and stable dispositions. Accordingly, efforts to reduce online hostility may need to broaden the focus to remedy the effects of problematic offline environments.