bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regularities in the formation of wear-resistant coatings on steel samples when machining them with electrical discharge
Authors: Marchenko Dmytro , Kurepin Viacheslav
Published: November 2021

This paper considers the technology of electrical discharge machining of steel friction pairs and reports the results of experimental studies. Analysis of the experimental studies has shown that increasing the "anode-cathode" voltage leads to a sharp decrease in the micro-hardness of the surface layer. The study has also made it possible to determine the characteristic dimensions of the structural elements, the height parameters of surface roughness. The elemental composition of the resulting surface of a steel 15KHGN2TA sample differs from the composition of coatings and the surface layers of samples modified by electrical discharge machining involving various electrodes. Under the "anode-cathode" system operation mode, a thin layer of coating with a stable modified structure forms on the surface of the cathode due to dissipative processes. It is shown that the height of surface irregularities on sections after friction is higher than on the surface sections outside the friction flow, which is associated with the formation of a friction transfer film on the samples' surface. It was established that the interaction of friction of steel samples treated by electrical discharge machining forms a thin film on the surface of friction of steel samples, which leads to a change in the relief of surfaces with an increase in the height of the micro-protrusions, as well as the structuring of the transfer film in the direction of sliding. The effect of machining steel surfaces by electrical discharge on the wear resistance of metal-polymer tribosystem was established. The implementation of the devised technology could provide a significant increase in the wear resistance of metal-polymer tribojunctions
Study of factors affecting the in vitro release of diclofenac sodium from hypromelose-based gels
Authors: Bezuglaya Elena , Ivashchenko Hanna , Lyapunov Nikolay , Zinchenko Igor , Liapunova Anna , Stolper Yurij , Liapunov Oleksii , Pukhova Tetiana
Published: November 2021

The aim of our study was to identify factors affecting the in vitro release of diclofenac sodium (DS) from hypromellose-based gels (HPMC).

Materials and methods. Gels with HPMC and liquids without HPMC were studied by viscosity-rotating viscometer method and spin probe electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Rheograms were used to determine the flow behavior and the apparent viscosity, and the EPR spectra were used to determine the rotational correlation time (τ–1) of the dissolved spin probes. The in vitro release tests were performed using vertical diffusion cells according to a validated procedure. The assay of DS and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) in the receptor medium was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) according to validated procedures, and the water content was determined using semi-micro method.

Results. The apparent viscosity of the gels increased with increasing HPMC content and depended on the HPMC grade. The high apparent viscosity of the gels did not affect the values of τ–1 of the dissolved spin probes. In viscous gels and Newtonian fluids, the composition of which corresponded to the dispersion medium of gels, the values of τ–1 were identical and were in the range of rapid rotation, which is a prerequisite for similar and rapid release of the dissolved substances from gels and liquids. It was shown that the HPMC-based gel and Newtonian liquid without HPMC in terms of in vitro release parameters DS and IPA were equivalent. During in vitro testing the release of dissolved DS increased with increasing its concentration in the gel and depended on the dispersed state of DS. When the content of IPA was changed from 45.0 % to 22.5 %, the water absorption by the gel and the release of IPA decreased, and the release of DS increased, which was due to the decrease in the solubility of DS in the gel.

Conclusions. HPMC, which provided high apparent viscosity of the gels, did not affect the value of τ–1 of the dissolved spin probes and the in vitro release of DS from the gels. The gel and Newtonian liquid were equivalent in terms of in vitro release of DS and IPA. The release of DS altered proportionally with the concentration of DS and depended on its dispersed state. As the content of IPA decreased, the release of IPA decreased, but the release of DS increased because of the decrease in the solubility of the DS in the gel
Cosmetic products as an object of technical regulation of the ministry of health. Development of a methodology for the implementation of the technical regulations
Authors: Kazakova Iryna , Kovalenko Svitlana , Lebedynets Viacheslav , Bondarenko Daria , Kazakova Viktoriya
Published: November 2021

From 2021, cosmetic products are subject to technical regulation of the Ministry of Health, which is responsible for ensuring the implementation of Technical Regulations, approval of guidelines for their application, national standards in accordance with the requirements of Technical Regulations. It was adopted in early 2021. For the first time in Ukraine, the technical regulations for cosmetic products apply to cosmetic products the principles of technical regulation, powers to comply with which are vested in the relevant Ministry of Health.
The aim of this work is to develop a methodology for implementing the Technical Regulations for cosmetic products as an object of authority of the Ministry of Health.
As research materials the processes of technical regulation of cosmetic products are studied, logical, investigation methods of research, and also a method of the content analysis are used.
Results. An analysis of the practice of regulating the circulation of cosmetic products in a number of foreign countries, identified and systematized potential risks in the implementation of the principles of its technical regulation. Based on the analysis of causal relationships in the process of implementing the requirements of the Technical Regulations for cosmetic products, the methodology of its practical application is proposed.
Conclusions. The tendencies of regulatory policy in relation to cosmetic products in a number of foreign states and Ukraine are established. The analysis of the main provisions of the Technical Regulations for cosmetic products is carried out and the methodology of its introduction is developed
Comparative analysis of the fatty acid composition of raw material of rye (Khamarka variety) and barley (Shedevr variety) of Ukrainian selection
Authors: Tartynska Ganna , Zhuravel Іryna , Kyslychenko Viktoriia , Hutsol Viktoriia
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Sowing rye (Secale cereale L.) and common barley (Hordéum vulgáre L.) are annual herbaceous plants of the Poaceae family, they are widely cultivated in many countries around the world as cereals and fodder crops. Sufficient raw material base of sowing rye and barley makes them promising sources for new drugs.

Materials and methods. The fatty acid composition in lipophilic fractions of seeds, stems and leaves of sowing (Khamarka variety) and common barley (Shedevr variety) was studied by gas chromatography.

Results. As a result of the study, the quantitative content of 14 fatty acids in the stems and leaves of barley, 13 – in the leaves of rye and 12 – in the stems of rye and in both types of studied seeds was identified and established. In all types of the studied raw materials, unsaturated fatty acids were quantitatively predominant, the content of which prevailed in seeds of rye – 82.89 % and barley – 76.35 %. In stems of common barley their content was 64.04 %, leaves of common barley – 66.31 % of the amount. In stems and leaves of rye, the predominance of unsaturated fatty acids over saturated ones was insignificant: 49.00 % vs. 47.05 % and 53.70 % vs. 43.03 %, respectively. Among the unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic and linolenic acids dominated. Palmitic acid predominated among the saturated raw materials in all types of studied raw materials

Conclusions. Quantitative content of fatty acids in seeds, stems and leaves of sowing rye (Khamarka variety) and common barley (Shedevr variety) was identified and established by gas chromatography. The results of the research indicate a rich fatty acid composition of the studied raw materials and can be used to create drugs based on them
Analysis of the use of the Redis in the distributed order processing system in the restaurant network
Authors: Tkachenko Valerii , Lukianiuk Svetlana
Published: November 2021

The object of research is a distributed order processing system for a restaurant chain. The subject of the research is the analysis of the use of Redis for managing event queues in distributed systems.
When implementing a distributed order processing system in a restaurant chain with a possible load of up to 20,000 users per day, the Redis system was used. Management of 9 distributed subsystems was organized through Redis. This solution showed an increase in the performance of the system under heavy load (from 50 transactions per second), but the response time of the system in some cases of its operation was longer than without using Redis. When working systems using Redis, it is necessary to take into account the amount of data with which Redis will work, since it does not exceed the amount of RAM, the absence of differentiation into users and groups, and the absence of a query language, which is replaced by a key-value scheme.
This research is aimed at analyzing the operation of the system during trial operation under real load. We compared the operation of a configured system with Redis enabled and disabled. The main indicators for the analysis were the system response time and the maximum request execution time. The research was carried out for 2 weeks, the first week using the system settings with disabled Redis, the second – with enabled Redis. We selected 2 days with a similar load on the system to each other. Especially indicative are the results of comparing the durations of the longest queries, which show an almost constant value of the duration for the system in the mode of enabled Redis. The hypothesis of an increase in the system response time at low loads was confirmed, but this value not only leveled off at a load of 500 unique users but also became less at loads of 1000 unique users.
Analysis of the implementation of a multi-scenario decision support system in the treatment of lung cancer
Authors: Artamonov Yevhen , Borisevich Viktoria , Golovach Iurii
Published: November 2021

The object of the research is the decision support system in the treatment of lung cancer, the subject of the research – the use of a multi-scenario interface in the construction of decision support systems. One of the problem areas in software development is the need for multi-criteria adaptation of interfaces to users. This problem became especially acute after the introduction of quarantine when various automation systems began to develop rapidly, aimed at reducing direct contact between the customer and the service provider. If earlier software users were the more or less related group, now the difference began not only at the level of technical qualifications. Now, when developing software, more attention should be paid to physiological and psychological differences between users, features of hardware and software, environment, and other criteria. In the current situation, it turned out that in most cases automated systems are used by persons who are not interested in these systems but simply have to use them. One of the options for solving this problem is to create an adaptive universal interface. This research is aimed at analyzing methods for implementing multi-scenario decision support systems in the treatment of lung cancer. In the research, attention is paid to the following aspects: adaptive intelligent interface, architecture and structure of the adaptive intelligent interface, algorithms for the functioning of agents of adaptive system interfaces. In the research, the system was used by 500 participants for 30 days. The benchmark was the type of data display scenario selected at the start and end of the day. The research showed a gradual transition of users to scenarios of higher complexity, which involve the analysis of all available information. The tendency of reverse transitions decreases with time, and from the 18th day of using the system, the type of the selected interface changes in rare moments. These results proved the possibility of using automatically configurable interfaces, and bringing them to the final form will be achieved in 18–20 days of using the system.
Blockchain technology for accounting and distribution of contributions from a charitable foundation
Authors: Herasymenko Oksana , Bachynska Valeriia
Published: November 2021

The object of research is software for financial accounting and distribution of funds in a non-profit charitable foundation using smart contracts of the Ethereum platform. The work is aimed at designing and implementing a software application for a charitable foundation, which allows to exclude the misuse of funds of a non-profit charitable foundation.
The paper proposes an implementation of the Ethereum smart contract for the software of a charitable foundation. In the app, users can apply for financial aid or make a charitable donation. The request for financial support is confirmed by administrators to avoid abuse by those seeking help. Anyone who has a crypto wallet can become a sponsor by transferring funds from its account to a selected request. The sponsor remains incognito when making a charitable contribution. After collecting the entire declared amount, the funds are automatically transferred to the crypto wallet of the request’s owner.
A smart contract and a corresponding decentralized web application for interacting with it were experimentally deployed, and their joint work was tested. To implement the smart contract, the Solidity programming language was chosen; developed smart contract converted to bytecode using remix. The resulting bytecode is ready to be deployed on the Ethereum platform. Decentralized web application for interacting with the contract is implemented using Web3.js, Vue.js. A rough estimate of the cost of deploying a project on the Ethereum platform has been made. The deployment and operation of smart contracts and web applications comes with a certain overhead, which is most dependent on the cost of ether. However, this is a justified price to pay for the transparency of transactions and the shadowing of the turnover of funds of the charitable foundation.
The results of the research can be used as a basis for further transformation into full-fledged software with the ability to submit all reporting documents to the relevant government agencies and sponsors.
Analysis of mechanical energy losses in marine diesels
Authors: Sagin Sergii , Madey Volodymyr , Stoliaryk Tymur
Published: November 2021

The object of research is marine diesel engine oils, which provide lubrication, cooling and separation of friction surfaces. The subject of the research is the process of ensuring minimum mechanical losses in marine diesel engines. A problematic point in ensuring the lubrication of the cylinder-piston group and motion bearings is the lack of analytical and experimental studies that establish the relationship between the structural characteristics of engine oils and mechanical losses arising in marine internal combustion engines. The degree of orientational ordering of molecules and the thickness of the boundary lubricating layer are considered as the structural characteristics of engine oils. The determination of these values was carried out using the optical method based on the anisotropy of the light absorption coefficient by the boundary lubricant layer and the isotropic volume of the liquid (engine oil). The assessment of the level of mechanical losses arising in marine diesel engines was carried out according to an indirect indicator – the overshoot of the rotational speed and the time to reach the steady state of operation in the event of a change in load. It has been experimentally established that for engine oils used in marine internal combustion engines, the thickness of the boundary layer can be 15–17.5 µm. Motor oils, which are characterized by a higher ordering of molecules and a thickness of the boundary lubricant layer, ensure the flow of transient dynamic processes with less overshoot and a shorter transient time. This ensures the level of minimal mechanical losses occurring in marine diesel engines. The technology for determining the structural characteristics of engine oils can be used for any type and grade of oil (mineral or synthetic; high or low viscosity; used in both circulating and cylinder lubrication systems). The method of indirect assessment of mechanical losses of marine diesel engines can be used for any types of internal combustion engines of ships of sea and river transport (low-, medium- and high-speed; as well as performing the functions of both main and auxiliary engines).
Development of a model of personnel management in the hotel industry
Authors: Segeda Iryna , Obolentseva Larysa , Aleksandrova Svitlana
Published: November 2021

The object of this research is personnel management in the hotel industry. The paper considers theoretical and practical aspects of the features of phased personnel management in the hotel industry, taking into account the specifics of the industry. The importance of the attitude of each employee to their responsibilities and the company as a whole was emphasized, and it was established that the minimum number of employees can provide the highest quality of service. In any case, there is a need for effective personnel management, in the purposeful activities of the management of the organization to develop its own concept, strategy of personnel policy and management methods.
The main purpose of personnel management is formed. There are three groups of methods for personnel management, which almost completely reveal the step-by-step process of personnel management in the hotel industry. The necessity of application of complex technologies for achievement of more effective result is considered. A number of measures of nine stages of personnel management are prescribed.
Rational use of service personnel is a prerequisite that ensures the continuity and proper quality of the service process, and, as a consequence, the successful implementation of the production program of the hotel industry. The study of the main indicators of labor should begin with an assessment of the dynamics of the number of personnel of the enterprise, the intensity of its movement and structure over a period of three to five years.
Based on the study, a model of personnel management in the hotel industry, which determines the object and subject of management, their impact on each other, takes into account the stages of employee management. It will increase productivity, performance, organize work, monitor performance tasks, teamwork.
Research of hydrodynamics of gas flow filtration through a stationary layer of crushed cotton stalks (wild cotton)
Authors: Kobeyeva Zagira , Khussanov Alisher , Atamanyuk Volodymyr , Hnativ Zoriana , Kaldybayeva Botagoz , Janabayev Dauren
Published: November 2021

The object of this research is the hydrodynamics of the stationary layer of crushed cotton stalks. One of the most problematic areas is the influence of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the stationary layer of crushed cotton stalks on the hydrodynamics of filtration drying.
In the course of research, methods of physical and mathematical modeling are used. Sieve analysis is used to determine the granulometric composition of the polydisperse mixture of crushed cotton stalks.
The granulometric composition of the crushed stalks of cotton is determined and the graphical dependence of the percentage of each fraction is presented. The hydrodynamics of gas flow filtration through a stationary layer of crushed cotton stalks are experimentally investigated, and a graphical dependence of pressure losses on the fictitious rate of gas flow filtration is presented. It is found that pressure losses in the stationary layer of crushed cotton stalks are parabolic, which indicates the influence of both inertial and viscous components on pressure losses. The unknown coefficients of the modified Ergun equation are determined on the basis of experimental data. The correlation dependence between the experimental and theoretically calculated values is presented and it is shown that the maximum relative error is 9.6 %, which is quite acceptable for practical calculations. The results of experimental studies are also presented in the form of a graphical dependence of the Euler number on the Reynolds number. Based on the generalization of the experimental data, the calculated dependences are obtained in the form of dimensionless complexes, which describe the hydrodynamics of the gas flow filtration through a stationary layer of crushed cotton stalks. This makes it possible to predict the energy costs for creating a differential pressure, with an accuracy sufficient for practical calculations. The ratio of the experimental values of pressure losses to the theoretically calculated ones, depending on the Reynolds number, is graphically presented. It is shown that the maximum relative error does not exceed 8 %. The proposed generalizations of experimental data will make it possible to determine the energy consumption for creating a pressure drop at the design stage of the drying equipment, as well as to calculate the optimal process parameters and predict its economic feasibility.
A study on wastewater treatment sludge utilization in Bulgarian agriculture
Authors: Bachev Hrabrin , Ivanov Bozhidar
Published: November 2021

The issue of sludge utilization from wastewater treatment in agriculture is an important socio-economic and environmental problem in the European Union (EU) and Bulgaria. It is becoming topical issue along with constantly growing amount of produced wastewater treatment sludge, deficiency of lands for their safe disposal, protests of population and interests’ groups, tightening EU restrictions, etc. Furthermore, studies on wastewater treatment sludge utilization are multiplying in relations with their «transformation from wastes into products» and effective inclusion in supply chains and circular economy. Despite their relevance, in-depth studies of the diverse effects and critical factors of wastewater treatment sludge utilization in Bulgarian agri-food chain are at an early stage, mostly focusing on agronomic, economic and/or environmental ones. Thus, the object of research is the effective utilization of sludge from wastewater treatment in Bulgarian agriculture. In the course of the research it is used a qualitative analysis of regulations, and institutional and organizational structure, as well as surveys with managers and experts of urban wastewater treatment plants, and farmers applying and not-using sludge from wastewater treatment in their holdings. As a result of the study, the institutional, political, organizational, personal, educational, informational, social, economic, and environmental factors influencing the utilization of sludge in agriculture in two major regions of the country (Sofia and Burgas) are identified. Impact factors are generally divided into two types: factors influencing the behavior of agents, and factors determining the type and extent of the effects of sludge use in agriculture. In the future, the proposed approach has to be extended and deepen to establish the economic, sectoral and regional specificities on the basis of more representative information from all participants and interested parties in the effective utilization of wastewater treatment sludge.
Fulfilling of nuclear safeguards requirements for nuclear facilities at the nuclear materials authority and its role in completing the nuclear infrastructure in Egypt
Authors: Atout Osama Mostafa
Published: November 2021

The object of research is applying the requirements of nuclear safeguards to the processing and mining facilities through which the Nuclear Materials Authority (NMA). One of the most problematic places is the NMA carries out its related nuclear activities as the body responsible for managing and operating those facilities, which must have a prominent role in imposing physical protection on these materials to protect them. During use, storage, or internal transportation, NMA should take all security and legal measures and precautions to prevent Nuclear materials from any seizure and its recovery in the event of any seizure.
In the course of the research it is shown that the implementation of these requirements requires obtaining the necessary license to practice these activities, and that these activities are subject to the control of the Nuclear and Radiation Control Authority, by establishing a system for the safety and security of this nuclear equipment and materials. So that the system covers all equipment, tools, tasks, supplies, equipment, and materials present in any of the Authority’s projects and sectors Scientific.
As a result of the research we have reached the importance of applying nuclear safeguards to nuclear facilities in completing the nuclear infrastructure in Egypt and completing the construction of the Egyptian peaceful nuclear program considering international standards issued by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
In the future, the proposed approach is In the future, the proposed approach is to establish a general framework for the application of nuclear safeguards procedures to the processing and mining facilities of the NMA. These safeguards are applied as a basis for completing the nuclear legislative infrastructure, the safety of Nuclear Facilities and fulfilling the requirements of IAEA.
This is done by establishing a specialized unit that includes many engineers, geologists and chemists to collect all engineering and technological data, information, designs, and drawings for all nuclear and radiological facilities, activities, and practices existing at the authority under the safety standards written about equipment, tools, devices, supplies, and tasks.
Determination of granule (prill) movement modes in the prilling tower for mineral fertilizer production
Authors: Skydanenko Maksym , Sklabinskyi Vsevolod , Nadhem Al-Khyatt Muhamad , Nichvolodin Kostiantyn
Published: November 2021

The object of research is the mode of movement of the granules of mineral fertilizers obtained in the towers. The subject of research is the effect of the physical and chemical properties of granules, their size and initial hydrodynamic parameters on the speed of movement of the granules in the tower. The fertilizer industry is characterized by high requirements for the production of mineral fertilizers, which makes it promising to use granulation plants of large unit capacity, tower production. The resulting product must have a stable physical and chemical composition, be monodisperse with a spherical shape of granules, which allows long-term storage in bulk without the use of auxiliary equipment and meet international quality standards. The main granulation equipment that is used in the tower production of mineral fertilizers is spray type granulation equipment. In such towers, there is a likelihood of crossing pellet flares, getting pellets into the walls of the pelletizing tower and adhesion of the melt on this surface in industrial conditions, which leads to negative consequences. Therefore, the determination of the modes of motion of granules is still important. Methods of mathematical modeling of the movement of granules under different conditions were used in the work. Numerical methods were used to solve the equations of differential equations. As a result, an equation was obtained to determine the speed components along the x and y axes. The calculation of the horizontal speed of the granule and the determination of the time of its movement in the working area of the prilling tower makes it possible to determine the length of the granule path in this direction, to determine the diameter of the spray torch of the granules. Provides information on preventing the ingress of granules into the walls of the prilling tower and adhesion of the melt on this surface in industrial conditions, which leads to negative consequences. The magnitude of the speed, especially for the vertical component, changes its value several times over time due to a change in the mode of motion of the granules when moving from the granulator down the tower. This indicates the need to also take into account the change in the value of the resistance coefficient over time. When deriving the equations, simplifications were used, and the motion of a solid granule was considered. However, a drop begins to move from the granulator (disperser), which then crystallizes into a granule. Comparing the obtained results, allowing to predict by calculation the behavior of the spray plume of granules, with the initial ones obtained in industrial conditions, it is possible to conclude that the error of the equations obtained is 10.5%. Therefore, work on improving the obtained equations describing the mode of motion (speed) of the granules will be continued.
Investigation of the physico-chemical parameters of the «Gelamil» series starches in the technology of mashed soups
Authors: Andrieieva Svitlana , Pyvovarov Yevgen
Published: November 2021

The object of research is the technologies for the production of puree soups using modified starches of the «Gelamil» series. One of the main requirements for the quality of the technology of puree soups is the creation of a fluid, uniform, finely ground texture, which plays a special role in the organoleptic characteristics of this type of product. The texture of the product can be adjusted by adding liquid boiling modified starches. Starches of the «Gelamil» series are represented by potato starch with a reduced viscosity and are characterized as air-flowing gelling potato starch, that is, starch, the solution of which gives a low viscosity at high temperatures, and when solidified – a dense gel.
Hydrodynamic changes in the parameters of starch paste based on starches of the «Gelamil» series, depending on the temperature and type of starch, have been established. It was determined that starch paste based on starches of the «Gelamil» series, in comparison with native potato starch, have a low temperature of maximum viscosity from 47±2 °C to 57±2 °C, and thus form a paste with a viscous-flowing texture. The effective viscosity of starch paste was investigated depending on the starch content. It has been experimentally established that regulation of the starch content makes it possible to create starch paste according to different textural properties. For viscous-thinned dispersions, the starch concentration is from 1.0 to 3.0 %. For viscous-flowing dispersions having a long texture, the starch concentration is 3.5 to 5.0 %. For viscous-flowing dispersions having a short texture, the starch concentration is 5.5 to 7.0 %. For the content of native potato starch in the system of more than 5.0 %, a dense paste with a short texture is formed. It was found that for a starch paste based on starches of the «Gelamil» series, the separation of the liquid phase occurs due to 2:00 in an insignificant amount. A lot of components and model systems based on vegetable, legume purees and starch paste have been investigated. It has been determined that, depending on the type of vegetable and legume raw materials, the use of starches of the «Gelamil» series of different types and concentrations depends.
Improvement of the method for producing confitures from fruit raw materials
Authors: Zagorulko Aleksey , Cherevko Oleksander , Zahorulko Andrii , Yancheva Marіna , Bondar Mariana , Dudnyk Svеtlana
Published: November 2021

The object of research is the method of production of comfiture from fruit and vegetable raw materials. The production of comfiture using traditional technologies is characterized by the loss of physiologically functional ingredients of raw materials. Such losses can reach up to 60 % of the initial amount, depending on the temperature regime and the duration of heat treatment. A negative factor in the storage of ready-made comfitures is sugar crystallization. Equipment for the implementation of traditional processes of processing fruits and vegetables is characterized by high productivity, low efficiency and operational difficulties.
Boiling in the traditional way is carried out at high-temperature conditions, which leads to a decrease in the content of functionally physiological ingredients and the nutritional value of the resulting comfitures. In the production of comfiture on the basis of fruit and vegetable raw materials, the following recipe ratio of components was used: apple – 60 %; Jerusalem artichoke – 25 %; cornelian cherry – 15 %. The improved method is characterized by gentle heat exchange operations, in particular: drying is carried out in an infrared dryer at a temperature of 40–50 °C to a dry matter content of 30–40 %. And also by further boiling of the mass in a vacuum evaporator based on a flexible film resistive radiating electric heater (FFRREH) at 50–60 °C. The use of inverted syrup in the recipe during boiling prevents sugar crystallization during storage of the finished product. Comparative analysis of the heating kinetics of comfiture from fruit and vegetable raw materials confirms the reduction in the duration of reaching the stationary mode (55 °C) when using a vacuum evaporator based on FFRREH by 1.6 times, compared with an analog apparatus. Such a hardware-constructive solution will ensure a decrease in the consumption of energy resources with a simultaneous increase in the quality characteristics of products.
Increasing the resource of agricultural machines
Authors: Dudnikov Anatolii , Dudnikov Ihor , Dudnyk Volodymyr , Mykhailichnko Vladyslav , Burlaka Oleksii , Kanivets Oleksander
Published: November 2021

The object of research is the technological process of increasing the service life of pointed cultivator shares of tillage machines through the use of a progressive method of vibration hardening. One of the most problematic areas is the inadequate study of the investigated technological process of restoring the working bodies of agricultural machines. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the process of vibration processing of the material of these machine parts during their restoration, it is necessary to conduct further experimental studies.
In the course of the study, it has been found that the use of vibration deformation of the surface layer of the material of parts contributes to an increase in their resource. The optimal parameters of vibration hardening of the cutting elements of the cultivator shares of tillage machines have been determined, which makes it possible to increase their durability. The main parameters of vibration hardening are revealed: the vibration amplitude of the processing tool is 0.75 mm; vibration frequency – 1400 min–1; hardening time – 30 s.
As a research result, the assessment of the change in linear wear along the width of the cutting element of the cultivator duckfoot of tillage machines was carried out. In cultivators with tines restored by welding angle plates made of 45 steel (GOST 1050-2013, GB 699-88), sormite surfacing and vibration hardening, the linear wear rate by weight of cutting elements is 35–43 % less than in new tines. A study of changes in the wear of the cutting edge of cultivator shares was carried out, which, when restored by welding corner plates made of steel 45 (GOST 1050-2013, GB 699-88), surfacing with sormite and vibration hardening, is 1.57–1.68 times less than in new shares.
In comparison with existing technologies, the developed technology provides a reduction in the wear of cutting elements by 10–17 %, in comparison with new ones made of 65G steel (GOST 14959-2016, GB 1222). The coefficient of technical utilization of the cultivator with tines restored according to the developed technology, in comparison with the new ones, is 1.07 times higher.
Determination of commodity characteristics of emulsion based on low-methoxylated pectin for dishes of the «Eat Healthy» system in the restaurant service
Authors: Nikitchina Tatiana , Manoli Tatiana , Lebedenko Tetiana , Kozhevnikova Viktoriia
Published: November 2021

The object of research is emulsions based on low-methoxylated apple pectin for dishes of the «Eat Healthy» system in the restaurant industry. The subject of the research is the commodity characteristics of emulsions for dishes of the «Eat Healthy» system. In the course of the study, methods were used to determine commodity characteristics based on sensory and physicochemical analysis. The proposed ingredient composition of emulsions based on low-methoxylated apple pectin makes it possible to form not only high consumer qualities, but also to provide the target product with functional health properties. The sorption activity of pectin makes it possible to bind and remove heavy metals, radionuclides from the body; removal of strontium isotopes has a high activity. As a highly hydrophilic, biocompatible biopolymer of plant origin, it provides a high viscosity of the structure at low concentrations, has a pronounced neutral, pleasant sour taste. Low-methoxylated apple pectin is one of the most common hydrocolloids, which is used in the technology of products with therapeutic, prophylactic, sorption, bactericidal properties. In addition, low-methoxylated pectin substances are a harmless and economical material, and can be considered as an alternative to antibiotics and synthetic preservatives to prevent bacterial spoilage and extend the shelf life of health food for public catering with high consumer properties. The influence of the technological properties of low-methoxylated pectin in the formation of commodity characteristics for food products based on emulsions in healthy food products of restaurant establishments of different styles and concepts has been determined. Samples of food emulsions were studied using different amounts of low-methoxylated pectin as a stabilizer to obtain a sedimentation-stable emulsion system. The use of low-methoxylated apple pectin in the composition of food emulsions increases the aggregate stability of the product, functional and merchandising characteristics. On the basis of a complex quality indicator, the optimal parameters of the emulsion formulation were determined. High-quality consumer characteristics are ensured due to the size of uronic particles up to 0.78–0.81 μm in size.
Analysis of the state order and budget expenses for its funding
Authors: Chentsov Victor , Hryhorash Olha , Hryhorash Tetiana
Published: November 2021

The object of the research is the budget expenditures for the state order funding. One of the most problematic places is, on the one hand, the lack of financial resources, and on the other hand, the low efficiency of their allocation. Using the method of vertical and horizontal analysis, the expenditures of the consolidated budget for higher education are explored by the example of Ukraine. It was found that the share of the consolidated budget of Ukraine for higher education in % of GDP is one of the largest in Europe, however, the amount of funding is insignificant in monetary terms, which makes it impossible to improve the quality of higher education. The amount of the state order for training of specialists and expenditures of the consolidated budget are analyzed. On the basis of the results of the analysis of the legislation, the impact of elements of the system of formation and state order placement on its effectiveness is assessed. During 2012–2020, the consolidated budget expenditures tended to increase (except for the crisis of 2020, when there was a general economic growth disruption). At the same time, the number of budget places reduced annually until 2018. The analysis of the system of the state order allocation showed that during 2012–2020 it had been changed several times. The main advantages and disadvantages of the system of state order allocation at the stages of its transformation are identified in the paper. Until 2015 the state order allocation was carried out manually. Since 2017 a mechanism for state order addressing has been introduced. In 2020 the mechanism of cost allocation between higher education institutions was changed and indicative prices were introduced. Due to the analysis of the conditions of state order allocation and cost allocation between higher education institutions, it is possible to take into account the main factors that contribute and block the efficiency and effectiveness of funding the higher education system in Ukraine
Influence of the firing temperature on the dielectric properties of ceramics based on barium titanate
Authors: Lisachuk Georgiy , Kryvobok Ruslan , Zakharov Artem , Voloshchuk Valentyna , Maistat Mykyta , Hlinskyi Dmytro , Kolovorotnyi Bohdan
Published: November 2021

The object of the research is the firing temperature of ceramic materials based on barium titanate. In laboratory conditions, barium titanate was synthesized from raw materials of barium carbonate and titanium dioxide using ceramic technology, taking into account the stoichiometric composition of the compound. In order to study the effect of the firing temperature on the properties of the ceramic material, three temperatures were selected: 1270, 1300, and 1350 °C. The physical properties of the samples (imaginary density, water absorption, open porosity) were determined by the method of hydrostatic weighing in water. The samples were saturated with water after their preliminary evacuation. The dielectric characteristics of the obtained materials were measured on an E7-8CLR automated device (Ukraine) at a frequency of 1 kHz. The structural and morphological features of ceramics based on synthesized barium titanate were investigated by direct scanning electron microscopy and X-ray phase analysis. On the basis of the complex of studies carried out, the technological parameters of the production of ceramics were selected. Thus, the duration of grinding at the first and second stages is 10 and 30 minutes; moisture content of the press powder – 8 %; pressing pressure – 20 MPa; temperature of the first firing – 1000 °С; temperature of the second firing – 1350 °C. The regularity of the change in the dielectric constant on the firing temperature of ceramics based on barium titanate was established. The investigated samples, obtained according to the given technological regime, are characterized by the following indicators: dielectric constant – 259.9; open porosity – 0.02 %; water absorption – 0.01 %; imaginary density – 5.45 g/cm3. The resulting material can be used to create composite ceramic materials that protect biological and technical objects from the effects of electromagnetic radiation, and can also be used to create new functional materials for space, aerospace, electronic engineering and medicine.
Research of physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of beetroots as affected by vacuum microwave drying conditions
Authors: Liu Yan , Sabadash Sergei , Duan Zhenhua
Published: November 2021

The object of research is the beetroots, dried by vacuum microwave drying at different conditions. Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of beetroots were studied using vacuum microwave drying at different microwave power (500, 1000, and 1500 W), vacuum degree (–0.05, –0.07, and –0.09 MPa) and sample thickness (2, 4, and 6 mm). A colorimeter was used to evaluate the color quality of beetroots. Colorimetric methods were used to determinate contents of betalain, ascorbic acid and total flavonoid, and antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power assay) of beetroots.
Results showed that the drying time decreased with increasing microwave power and vacuum degree, while increased significantly with the increase of sample thickness. The lightness (L*) of dried beetroots was higher than that of fresh beetroots. The values of redness (a*) increased with the increase of vacuum degree. The values of yellowness (b*) increased with the growth of vacuum degree and microwave power, while reduced as the sample thickness added. The total color difference (∆E) of dried beetroots reduced with increasing vacuum degree, and displayed the lowest value (5.95) at a vacuum degree of –0.09 MPa as compared to fresh beetroots. The content of betacyanin, betaxanthin and ascorbic acid displayed a declining tendency with the growth of microwave power, while increased with the increase of vacuum degree. And the total flavonoid content of beetroots illustrated a decreasing tendency with the increase of vacuum degree, microwave power and sample thickness. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of dried beetroots decreased significantly with the increase of microwave power, and showed the highest value (14.70 mg trolox equivalents/g) at a microwave power of 500 W.
The most favorable conditions for vacuum microwave drying of beetroots were microwave power of 500 W, vacuum degree of –0.09 MPa and sample thickness of 2 mm. It leads to better physicochemical properties of bioactive compounds and higher antioxidant activity of dried beetroots. The dried beetroots can be used as functional foods and value-added food products.
Metamodeling of the Energy Consumption of Buildings with Daylight Harvesting – Application of Artificial Neural Networks Sensitive to Orientation
Authors:   Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Architecture and Urbanism, Laboratory of Environmental Comfort, Florianópolis/ SC, Brazil, Fonseca Raphaela Walger da , Pereira Fernando Oscar Ruttkay ,   Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Architecture and Urbanism, Laboratory of Environmental Comfort, Florianópolis/ SC, Brazil
Published: November 2021

Daylight harvesting is a well-known strategy to address building energy efficiency. However, few simplified tools can evaluate its dual impact on lighting and air conditioning energy consumption. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been used as metamodels to predict energy consumption with high precision, few input parameters and instant response. However, this approach still lacks the potential to estimate consumption when there is daylight harvesting, at the ambient level, where the effect of orientation can be noted. This study investigates this potential, in order to evaluate the applicability of ANNs as a tool to aid the architectonic design. The ANNs were approached as metamodels trained based on EnergyPlus thermo-energetic simulations. The network configuration focused on determining its simplest feasible form. The input parameters adopted as the main variables of the building envelope were as follows: orientation, window-to-wall ratio and visible transmission. The effects of the encoding of orientation as a network input parameter, the number of examples of each variable for network training and changing the parameters used for the training were evaluated. The networks predicted the individualized consumption according to the end use with errors below 5%, indicating their potential to be applied as a simplified tool to support the design process, considering the elementary variables of the building envelope. The discussion of results focused on guidelines and challenges to achieve this purpose when contemplating the broadening of the metamodel scope.