bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changing patterns of the East Asian monsoon drive shifts in migration and abundance of a globally important rice pest
Authors: Lv Hua , Zhai Meng‐Yuan , Zeng Juan , Zhang Yi‐Yang , Zhu Feng , Shen Hui‐Mei , Qiu Kun , Gao Bo‐Ya , Reynolds Don R. , Chapman Jason W. , Hu Gao
Published: February 2023

Numerous insects including pests and beneficial species undertake windborne migrations over hundreds of kilometers. In East Asia, climate‐induced changes in large‐scale atmospheric circulation systems are affecting wind‐fields and precipitation zones and these, in turn, are changing migration patterns. We examined the consequences in a serious rice pest, the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) in East China. BPH cannot overwinter in temperate East Asia, and infestations there are initiated by several waves of windborne spring or summer migrants originating from tropical areas in Indochina. The East Asian summer monsoon, characterized by abundant rainfall and southerly winds, is of critical importance for these northward movements. We analyzed a 42‐year dataset of meteorological parameters and catches of BPH from a standardized network of 341 light‐traps in South and East China. We show that south of the Yangtze River during summer, southwesterly winds have weakened and rainfall increased, while the summer precipitation has decreased further north on the Jianghuai Plain. Together, these changes have resulted in shorter migratory journeys for BPH leaving South China. As a result, pest outbreaks of BPH in the key rice‐growing area of the Lower Yangtze River Valley (LYRV) have declined since 2001. We show that these changes to the East Asian summer monsoon weather parameters are driven by shifts in the position and intensity of the Western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) system that have occurred during the last 20 years. As a result, the relationship between WPSH intensity and BPH immigration that was previously used to predict the size of the immigration to the LYRV has now broken down. Our results demonstrate that migration patterns of a serious rice pest have shifted in response to the climate‐induced changes in precipitation and wind pattern, with significant consequences for the population management of migratory pests.
Interactive effects of elevated temperature and drought on plant carbon metabolism: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Zhaoguo , Wang Chuankuan
Published: February 2023

Elevated temperature (Te) and drought often co‐occur and interactively affect plant carbon (C) metabolism and thus the ecosystem C cycling; however, the magnitude of their interaction is unclear, making the projection of global change impacts challenging. Here, we compiled 107 journal articles in which temperature and water availability were jointly manipulated, and we performed a meta‐analysis of interactive effects of Te and drought on leaf photosynthesis (Agrowth) and respiration (Rgrowth) at growth temperature, nonstructural carbohydrates and biomass of plants, and their dependencies on experimental and biological moderators (e.g., treatment intensity, plant functional type). Our results showed that, overall, there was no significant interaction of Te and drought on Agrowth. Te accelerated Rgrowth under well‐watered conditions rather than under drought conditions. The Te × drought interaction on leaf soluble sugar and starch concentrations were neutral and negative, respectively. The effect of Te and drought on plant biomass displayed a negative interaction, with Te deteriorating the drought impacts. Drought induced an increase in root to shoot ratio at ambient temperature but not at Te. The magnitudes of Te and drought negatively modulated the Te × drought interactions on Agrowth. Root biomass of woody plants was more vulnerable to drought than that of herbaceous plants at ambient temperature, but this difference diminished at Te. Perennial herbs exhibited a stronger amplifying effect of Te on plant biomass in response to drought than did annual herbs. Te exacerbated the responses of Agrowth and stomatal conductance to drought for evergreen broadleaf trees rather than for deciduous broadleaf and evergreen coniferous trees. A negative Te × drought interaction on plant biomass was observed on species‐level rather than on community‐level. Collectively, our findings provide a mechanistic understanding of the interactive effects of Te and drought on plant C metabolism, which would improve the prediction of climate change impacts.
Dystonia phenomenology and treatment response in migraine
Authors: Zolin Aryeh , Broner Susan W. , Yoo Andrea , Guan Ivan , Lakhani Shenela , Trabilsy Maissa , Klebanoff Louise , Vo Mary , Sarva Harini
Published: February 2023

Objective

To describe the phenomenology of cervical dystonia (CD) in patients with migraine and the effect of its treatment on migraine frequency.

Background

Preliminary studies demonstrate that treatment of CD with botulinum toxin in those with migraine can improve both conditions. However, the phenomenology of CD in the setting of migraine has not been formally described.

Methods

We conducted a single‐center, descriptive, retrospective case series of patients with a verified diagnosis of migraine who were referred to our movement disorder center for evaluation of co‐existing, untreated CD. Patient demographics, characteristics of migraine and CD, and effects of cervical onabotulinumtoxinA (BoTNA) injections were recorded and analyzed.

Results

We identified 58 patients with comorbid CD and migraine. The majority were female (51/58 [88%]) and migraine preceded CD in 72% (38/53) of patients by a mean (range) of 16.0 (0–36) years. Nearly all the patients had laterocollis (57/58) and 60% (35/58) had concurrent torticollis. Migraine was found to be both ipsilateral and contralateral to the dystonia in a comparable proportion of patients (11/52 [21%] vs. 15/52 [28%]). There was no significant relationship between migraine frequency and dystonia severity. Treatment of CD with BoTNA reduced migraine frequency in most patients (15/26 [58%] at 3 months and 10/16 [63%] at 12 months).

Conclusions

In our cohort, migraine often preceded dystonia symptoms and laterocollis was the most described dystonia phenotype. The lateralization and severity/frequency of these two disorders were unrelated, but dystonic movements were a common migraine trigger. We corroborated previous reports that cervical BoTNA injections reduced migraine frequency. Providers treating patients with migraine and neck pain who are not fully responding to typical therapies should screen for possible CD as a confounding factor, which when treated can reduce migraine frequency.
The functions of self‐harm in young people and their perspectives about future general practitioner‐led care: A qualitative study
Authors: Mughal Faraz , Chew‐Graham Carolyn A. , Babatunde Opeyemi O. , Saunders Benjamin , Meki Aula , Dikomitis Lisa
Published: February 2023

Background

Self‐harm in young people is a serious concern but a deeper understanding of the functions of self‐harm in young people can tailor care and inform new clinical interventions to reduce repeat self‐harm and suicide risk. General practitioners (GPs), as frontline healthcare professionals, have an important role in managing self‐harm in young people. This study aimed to explore the functions of self‐harm in young people and their perspectives on future GP‐led care.

Methods

A qualitative study using interviews with young people aged between 16 and 25 years with a personal history of self‐harm was conducted. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Findings

Four distinct functions were identified: (1) handling emotional states; (2) self‐punishment; (3) coping with mental illness and trauma; and (4) positive thoughts and protection. Young people valued GP‐led support and felt future GP interventions should include self‐help and be personalised.

Conclusions

These findings support clinicians, including GPs, to explore the functions of self‐harm in young people aged 16–25 in a personalised approach to self‐harm care. It should be noted that self‐harm may serve more than one function for a young person and thus interventions should recognise this.

Patient and Public Contribution

A group consisting of young people with lived experience of self‐harm, carers, the public, and those who work with young people who harm themselves conceived this study idea, informed recruitment methods and the interview topic guide, and supported the interpretation of findings.
Immune response to ART initiation in advanced HIV infection
Authors: Mounzer Karam , Brunet Laurence , Fusco Jennifer S. , McNicholl Ian R. , Dunbar Megan , Sension Michael , McCurdy Lewis H. , Fusco Gregory P.
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Our objective was to compare the immunological responses to commonly used antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens among people with advanced HIV in the USA and to assess virological outcomes and regimen persistence.

Methods

This study included ART‐naïve adults with advanced HIV infection (CD4 cell count <200 cells/μL) initiating ART with bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF), boosted darunavir (bDRV), dolutegravir (DTG), or elvitegravir (EVG/c)‐containing regimens between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2020 in the Observational Pharmaco‐Epidemiology Research and Analysis (OPERA) cohort. Cox proportional hazards models and linear mixed models with random intercept were fit with inverse probability of treatment weighting.

Results

Overall, 1349 people with advanced HIV (816 B/F/TAF, 253 DTG, 146 EVG/c, 134 bDRV) were followed for a median of 22 months. Compared with B/F/TAF, a lower likelihood of achieving a CD4 cell count ≥200 cells/μL was observed with bDRV (hazard ratio [HR] 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60–0.96), DTG (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.69–0.98), and EVG/c (HR 0.73; 95% CI 0.57–0.93). All groups had a similar pattern of CD4:CD8 ratio changes: a rapid increase in the first 6 months (ranging from +0.15 to +0.16 units), followed by a slower increase thereafter. Only 40 individuals (4%) achieved CD4:CD8 ratio normalization (≥1). B/F/TAF was associated with a faster time to virological suppression (viral load <200 copies/mL) and a slower time to discontinuation compared with other regimens.

Conclusions

Among people with advanced HIV infection, B/F/TAF initiation was associated with faster CD4 cell count recovery and favourable virological outcomes compared with bDRV‐, DTG‐, and EVG/c‐based regimens, although no difference was observed in CD4:CD8 ratio changes over time across regimens.
Antioxidants for improved skin appearance: Intracellular mechanism, challenges and future strategies
Authors: Ngoc Le Thi Nhu , Moon Ju‐Young , Lee Young‐Chul
Published: February 2023

Recent advances in molecular and biochemical processes relevant to the skincare field have led to the development of novel ingredients based on antioxidants that can improve skin health and youthfulness. Considering the plethora of such antioxidants and the many implications for the skin's appearance, this review focuses on describing the critical aspects of antioxidants, including cosmetic functions, intracellular mechanisms and challenges. In particular, specialized substances are suggested for the treatment of each skin condition, such as skin ageing, skin dehydration and skin hyperpigmentation, which treatments can maximize effectiveness and avoid side effects during skin care processes. In addition, this review proposes advanced strategies that either already exists in the cosmetic market or should be developed to improve and optimize cosmetic’ beneficial effects.
Challenges and practical aspects of obtaining temporary protection in EU countries and the impact of obtaining protection on the right to work
Authors: Andriyiv Vasyl M. , Sevryukov Denys H. , Havrylyuk Volodymyr O. , Shal Vita V. , Svitovenko Daryna V.
Published: February 2023

In general, the situation that has developed in Ukraine on the border with the European Union shows that despite the long history of the UN and the agreement of states to resolve all conflicts through negotiations, the prohibition of the use of force and threat of force, respect for the independence of other states, there are still terrorist states in the world that do not recognize and violate international law. Thus, the states that follow the norms and principles of international law, respect the key European values, support and protect human rights and peace on the continent must unite to overcome armed aggression. That is why the granting of temporary protection to Ukrainian citizens is an important issue, as it is one of the EU's significant contributions to the protection of the identity of the Ukrainian people, who are fighting for their independence. The purpose of the article was to study the peculiarities of obtaining temporary protection in the EU, to compare it with refugee status, to analyse the approaches to this procedure in individual states, as well as to determine the impact of obtaining the relevant status on the realization of the fundamental right to work. The main method used for the research is the method of analysis and synthesis. Its application provided reliable results in many areas of research. First of all, this method was applied in the analysis of EU and international law in the context of granting refugee status and temporary protection. Also, the method of analysis and synthesis was used by the author in the study of the peculiarities of temporary protection in individual Member States. Finally, the author used this method to analyse the problems currently faced by Ukrainian citizens and their possible solutions.
Interaction between joining platform blockchain technology and channel encroachment for fresh agricultural product firms
Authors: Xu Yuqiu , Wang Jia , Cao Kaiying
Published: February 2023

In recent years, some e‐commerce platforms (e.g., JD.com), which allow firms to set up third‐party stores on them, have established their own blockchain technology and publicly provided blockchain technology to firms. Besides, source tracing of fresh agricultural products on blockchain is a concern for consumers. For firms selling fresh agricultural products, whether to join the platform blockchain technology to disclose product freshness and whether to set up third‐party stores on platforms are thorny problems. To research the interaction between joining the platform blockchain technology strategy and channel encroachment decision for fresh agricultural product firms, we consider four theoretical models. The main results demonstrate that whether firms set up third‐party stores on the platforms or not, their strategies of joining the platform blockchain technology are dependent on consumer's sensitivity to the freshness‐keeping effort level of fresh agricultural product, consumer's trust degree of freshness‐keeping effort level, and the unit blockchain operation cost. Besides, if firms set up third‐party stores, the willingness of joining the platform blockchain technology will increase. Firms’ channel encroachment willingness will also be affected by their joining the platform blockchain technology strategy. Moreover, when considering the fresh agricultural product supply chain, these main conclusions are still held.
Efficacy and safety of ultrasound‐guided foam sclerotherapy combined with endoluminal radiofrequency closure in patients with varicose veins of lower extremities
Authors: Zhao Chengxiang , Li Di , Xie Cuihuan
Published: February 2023

We aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of ultrasound‐guided foam sclerotherapy combined with endoluminal radiofrequency closure in patients with varicose veins of lower extremities (VVLEs); furthermore, we aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the effective management of VVLE patients in clinical work. From January 1, 2020, to March 1, 2021, 88 patients with VVLE admitted to Third Hospital of Shandong Province were included in this retrospective study. Depending on the type of treatment, the patients were divided into study groups and control groups. The study group consisted of 44 patients who were given ultrasound‐guided foam sclerotherapy combined with endoluminal radiofrequency closure. The control group consisted of 44 patients who were given high ligation and stripping of the great saphenous vein. Efficacy indicators included postoperative venous clinical severity score (VCSS) of affected limb and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Safety indicators included length of operation, intraoperative blood loss, length of postoperative rest in bed, length of hospital stay, postoperative heart rate, preoperative blood saturation (SpO2), preoperative mean arterial pressure (MAP), and complications. The VCSS score 6 months after operation in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < .05). The pain VAS score in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 1 and 3 days after operation (both P < .05). Compared with the control group, the study group was significantly lower in length of operation, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative in‐bed time, and hospital stays (all P < .05). Heart rate and SpO2 were significantly higher, and MAP was significantly lower in the study group compared with that in the control group 12 hours after surgery (all P < .05). The overall postoperative complication rate in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < .05). In conclusion, compared with surgical treatment of high ligation and stripping of the great saphenous vein, ultrasound‐guided foam sclerotherapy combined with endoluminal radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of VVLE disease has better efficacy and safety, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
RETRACTED: A systematic review of nurses' knowledge and related factors towards the prevention of medical device‐related pressure ulcers
Authors: Parvizi Arman , Haddadi Soudabeh , Mollaei Amirabbas , Ghorbani Vajargah Pooyan , Takasi Poorya , Firooz Mahbobeh , Hosseini Seyed Javad , Farzan Ramyar , Karkhah Samad
Published: February 2023

The aim of this review study is to investigate the nurses' knowledge and related factors towards the prevention of medical device‐related pressure ulcers (MDRPUs). An extensive search was conducted in international electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, and Persian databases, such as Iranmedex and the Scientific Information Database from December 1, 2022. During this search, keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings, such as “Prevention knowledge,” “Nurse,” “Pressure ulcer,” “Equipment and Supplies,” and “Intensive Care Units” were used. The quality of the present studies in this review was evaluated based on the appraisal tool for cross‐sectional studies (AXIS tool). A total of 1847 nurses participated in this review from five studies, and the majority of them (82.94%) were female. The mean age of the participants was 31.40 (SD = 5.97). The mean score of MDRPUs prevention knowledge in nurses based on PU2014 scale and researcher‐made questionnaires were 16.50 (SD = 3.74) out of 31 and 65.49 (SD = 6.33) out of 100, respectively. The knowledge of nurses is influenced by factors such as age, sex, level of education, work experience, technical titles, type of hospital, level of hospital, and type of ward. Various factors had a significant positive relationship with nurses' MDRPUs prevention knowledge, which includes level of education, work experience, previous training on MDRPU, having a wound care certificate, an online search about MDRPU, and attitude and practise towards MDRPU prevention. At the same time, nurses' knowledge about the prevention of MDRPUs had a significant negative relationship with the time interval since last participating in MDRPU training or workshop. Overall, the level of MDRPUs prevention knowledge among nurses was insufficient to moderate. Therefore, it is suggested to provide facilities for nurses to receive the necessary training.
The efficacy of implant surface decontamination using chemicals during surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wilensky Asaf , Shapira Lior , Limones Alvaro , Martin Conchita
Published: February 2023

Aim

To answer the following PICOS question: “In adult patients with peri‐implantitis, what is the efficacy of surgical therapy with chemical surface decontamination of implant surfaces in comparison with surgical therapy alone or surgery with placebo decontamination, on probing pocket depth (PD) reduction and bleeding on probing (BoP)/suppuration on probing (SoP), in randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and non‐RCTs with at least 6 months of follow‐up?”

Materials and Methods

Six databases were searched from their inception up to 20 May 2022. Data on clinical outcome variables were pooled and analysed using mean differences (MDs), risk ratios (RRs), or risk differences (RDs) as appropriate, 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and prediction intervals (PIs) in the case of significant heterogeneity. Primary outcomes were determined as changes in PD and BoP/SoP. Secondary outcomes were radiographic marginal bone loss (MBL), implant loss, and disease resolution. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022325603.

Results

Six RCTs—two with moderate, three with high, and one with low risk of bias (RoB)—were included. These studies test the adjunctive effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT), chlorhexidine (CHX), and administration of local antibiotics (LAbs) during surgery on the clinical outcome. In a single 12‐month study, the adjunctive use of local antibiotics showed a clinically relevant reduction of PD [MD = 1.44; 95%CI (0.40 to −2.48)] and MBL [MD = 1.21; 95%CI (0.44–1.98); one trial, 32 participants]. PDT showed a small but significant reduction in BoP [MD = 7.41%; 95%CI (0.81–14.00); p = 0.028; two trials; 42 participants]. Treatment with CHX resulted in no significant changes in PD, BoP, or MBL compared to placebo (saline solution). None of the interventions affected disease resolution and implant loss. Certainty of the evidence was very low for all outcome measures assessed.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this systematic review and the meta‐analysis, adjunctive use of chemicals such as PDT, CHX, and LAbs for surface decontamination during surgery of peri‐implantitis cannot be recommended as superior to standard debridement procedures (mechanical debridement with or without saline).
Community‐scale relationships between body shape and trophic ecology in tropical demersal marine fish of northeast Brazil
Authors: Reis‐Júnior Josafá , Bertrand Arnaud , Frédou Thierry , Vasconcelos‐Filho Jonas , Aparecido Kátia C. , Duarte‐Neto Paulo J.
Published: February 2023

Functional morphology investigates the relationships between morphological characters and external factors, such as environmental, physical and ecological features. Here, we evaluate the functional relationships between body shape and trophic ecology of a tropical demersal marine fish community using geometric morphometrics techniques and modelling, hypothesizing that shape variables could partially explain fish trophic level. Fish were collected over the continental shelf of northeast Brazil (4–9°S). Analysed fish were distributed into 14 orders, 34 families and 72 species. Each individual was photographed in lateral view, and 18 landmarks were distributed along the body. A principal component analysis (PCA) applied on morphometric indices revealed that fish body elongation and fin base shape were the main axes of variation explaining the morphology. Low trophic levels (herbivore and omnivore) are characterized by deep bodies and longer dorsal and anal fin bases, while predators present elongated bodies and narrow fin bases. Fin position (dorsal and anal fins) on the fish body is another important factor contributing to (i) body stability at high velocity (top predators) or (ii) manoeuvrability (low trophic levels). Using multiple linear regression, we verified that 46% of trophic level variability could be explained by morphometric variables, with trophic level increasing with body elongation and size. Interestingly, intermediate trophic categories (e.g., low predators) presented morphological divergence for a given trophic level. Our results, which can likely be expanded to other tropical and nontropical systems, show that morphometric approaches can provide important insights into fish functional characteristics, especially in trophic ecology.
Development of an efficient expression system with large cargo capacity for interrogation of gene function in bamboo based on bamboo mosaic virus
Authors: Jin Yandong , Wang Baijie , Bao Mingchuan , Li Yujie , Xiao Shengwu , Wang Yuhua , Zhang Jun , Zhao Liangzhen , Zhang Hangxiao , Hsu Yau‐Heiu , Li Mingjie , Gu Lianfeng
Published: February 2023

Bamboo is one of the fastest growing plants among monocotyledonous species and is grown extensively in subtropical regions. Although bamboo has high economic value and produces much biomass quickly, gene functional research is hindered by the low efficiency of genetic transformation in this species. We therefore explored the potential of a bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV)‐mediated expression system to investigate genotype–phenotype associations. We determined that the sites between the triple gene block proteins (TGBps) and the coat protein (CP) of BaMV are the most efficient insertion sites for the expression of exogenous genes in both monopodial and sympodial bamboo species. Moreover, we validated this system by individually overexpressing the two endogenous genes ACE1 and DEC1, which resulted in the promotion and suppression of internode elongation, respectively. In particular, this system was able to drive the expression of three 2A‐linked betalain biosynthesis genes (more than 4 kb in length) to produce betalain, indicating that it has high cargo capacity and may provide the prerequisite basis for the development of a DNA‐free bamboo genome editing platform in the future. Since BaMV can infect multiple bamboo species, we anticipate that the system described in this study will greatly contribute to gene function research and further promote the molecular breeding of bamboo.
Household savings and present bias among Chinese couples: A household bargaining approach
Authors: Chawla Isha , Svec Joseph
Published: February 2023

Family savings is crucial to long‐term wellbeing for all members in a household, particularly in a Chinese context where costs of living increasingly shift from government to individuals. Savings are typically examined as a balance of financial behaviors and spending preferences; however, this study highlights how savings in a family context is also a function of relationship status. Drawing on intra‐household bargaining models, we analyze data from the 2014 China Family Panel Studies to examine the extent to which men's and women's relative power in the household explain variation in savings levels across families. Our findings indicate that women's greater bargaining positions (e.g., income and assets) correspond with greater savings for the family. However, such bargaining power constitutes a net negative for family savings when women have both greater relational power and higher spending preferences. We suggest that family savings can and should be understood as an outcome of dynamic bargaining conditions in addition to income factors.
Twenty‐five years of consumer vulnerability research: Critical insights and future directions
Authors: Basu Rituparna , Kumar Anil , Kumar Satish
Published: February 2023

Consumer vulnerability is gaining increasing attention from researchers and practitioners as a social phenomenon in modern consumption‐driven societies. In an attempt to conduct a comprehensive review using credible published research materials on the topic, this study applies a big data analytics approach to analyze scholarly research with a pool of 859 articles covering the last 25 years of post‐modern marketing practices that have been a precursor to market‐driven vulnerability. This paper identifies the most influential articles, as well as the top contributing journals and authors, along with their affiliations. In addition, this study reveals four major themes of research in consumer vulnerability, namely marketing, fraud and consumers, consumer vulnerability and well‐being, ethics and vulnerable consumers, and consumption, disability and gender. These integrative perspectives will serve as a critical starting point to encourage focused theme‐based exploration in the field.
Treatment efficacy of 0.9% saline and mepivacaine infiltration with Dermojet® in eliminating plantar warts
Authors: Ana M Oltra‐Romero , Silvia Garcia‐Lázaro , Alba Gracia‐Sánchez , Sara Zúnica‐García , Esther Chicharro‐Luna
Published: February 2023

Background

Plantar warts are benign, epidermal neoformations, viral, and easily transmitted. Although 30% of these warts disappear spontaneously, the American Association of Dermatology recommends treatment if they cause pain or bleeding.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of Dermojet® infiltration using a solution composed of equal parts of 0.9% saline and 2% mepivacaine in the treatment of plantar warts, and to identify the type of necrosis achieved at 7–10 days after the infiltration (M1 sample) and at 15–17 days (M2 sample).

Method

In this analytical prospective observational study, 102 histories were reviewed by the same researcher. The patients were treated with this technique at four private podiatry clinics.

Results

A total of 61.8% of the patients were male. The patients' mean age was 26.6 ± 14.10 years. A total percentage of 78.4% of the patients achieved complete elimination of the lesion by the second evaluation and after a single infiltration. Bivariate analysis revealed a significant inverse relationship between treatment efficacy and a history of previous disease (p < 0.001) and the period of evolution of the lesion (p < 0.001; 95% CI [0.78–7.91]). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed an association with the number of evaluation sessions (p < 0.001) and with previous illnesses (p = 0.014). A total percentage of 82.35% presented partial necrosis in the M1 sample and 76.92% had complete necrosis in the M2 sample.

Conclusions

In 78.4% of the patients considered, the plantar warts treated disappeared after a single infiltration. The variables associated with treatment efficacy were the number of follow‐up visits and the existence of associated diseases.
Placenta accreta spectrum disorders clinical practice guidelines: A systematic review
Authors: Capannolo Giulia , D'Amico Alice , Alameddine Sara , Di Girolamo Raffaella , Khalil Asma , Calì Giuseppe , Trish Ilan T. , Coutinho Conrado M. , Herrera Mauricio , Liberati Marco , Lucidi Alessandro , Palacios‐Jaraquemada Jose , Buca Danilo , D'Antonio Francesco
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To objectively assess the quality of the published clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on the management of pregnancies complicated by placenta accreta spectrum (PAS)disorders.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases were searched. The following aspects related to the management of pregnancies with suspected PAS disorders were evaluated: risk factors for PAS, prenatal diagnosis, role of interventional radiology and ureteral stenting, and optimal surgical management. The assessment of risk of bias and quality assessment of the CPGs were performed using the (AGREE II) tool (Brouwers et al., 2010). To define a CPG as of good quality we adopted a cut‐off score >60%.

Results

Nine CPGs were included. Specific risk factors for referral were assessed by 44.4% (4/9) of CPGs, mainly consisting in the presence of placenta previa and a prior cesarean delivery or uterine surgery. About 55.6% of CPGs (5/9) suggested ultrasound assessment of women with risk factors for PAS in the second and third trimester of pregnancy and 33.3% (3/9) recommended magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); 88.9% (8/9) of CPGs recommended cesarean delivery at 34–37 weeks of gestation. There was not generally consensus on the use of interventional radiology and ureteral stenting before surgery for PAS. Finally, hysterectomy was the recommend surgical approach by 77.8% (7/9) of the included CPGs.

Conclusion

Most of the published CPGs on PAS are generally of good quality. There was general agreement among the different CPGs on PAS as a regard as risk stratification, timing at diagnosis and delivery but not on the indication for MRI, use of interventional radiology and ureteral stenting.
Machine learning for detection and classification of oral potentially malignant disorders: A conceptual review
Authors: de Souza Lucas Lacerda , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , Araújo Anna Luiza Damaceno , Lopes Marcio Ajudarte , Vargas Pablo Agustin , Khurram Syed Ali , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , dos Santos Harim Tavares , Warnakulasuriya Saman , Dolezal James , Pearson Alexander T. , Santos‐Silva Alan Roger
Published: February 2023

Oral potentially malignant disorders represent precursor lesions that may undergo malignant transformation to oral cancer. There are many known risk factors associated with the development of oral potentially malignant disorders, and contribute to the risk of malignant transformation. Although many advances have been reported to understand the biological behavior of oral potentially malignant disorders, their clinical features that indicate the characteristics of malignant transformation are not well established. Early diagnosis of malignancy is the most important factor to improve patients' prognosis. The integration of machine learning into routine diagnosis has recently emerged as an adjunct to aid clinical examination. Increased performances of artificial intelligence AI‐assisted medical devices are claimed to exceed the human capability in the clinical detection of early cancer. Therefore, the aim of this narrative review is to introduce artificial intelligence terminology, concepts, and models currently used in oncology to familiarize oral medicine scientists with the language skills, best research practices, and knowledge for developing machine learning models applied to the clinical detection of oral potentially malignant disorders.
Petrology and mineralogy of mesosiderite Northwest Africa 12949: Implications for geological history on its parent body
Authors: Wang Zilong , Tian Wei
Published: February 2023

Mesosiderites are breccias composed of roughly equal parts of metal phases and silicate clasts. However, the parent body and formation process of mesosiderites remain enigmatic. Northwest Africa (NWA) 12949 is a newly found mesosiderite belonging to type 2A. One type of ultramafic clasts and four types of mafic clasts (gabbroic, poikilitic, subophitic, and cataclastic), compositionally consistent with diogenites and eucrites, have been identified in NWA 12949. However, these clasts have undergone different thermal histories, with cooling rates varying from ~0.0044 °C year−1 to a few °C h−1, and equilibrium temperatures varying from ~880 to 910 °C to ~1000 to 1100 °C. All the lithic clasts have undergone redox reactions during extensive metamorphism, forming excess troilite, chromite, merrillite, tridymite, and pyroxene with lower Fe/Mg and Fe/Mn. The petrology and mineralogy of NWA 12949 support a formation scenario involving two major impact events, and a candidate parent body of 4 Vesta.
Molecular nutrition in life course perspective: Pinpointing metabolic pathways to target during periconception
Authors: Ostojic Sergej M. , Ratgeber Laszlo , Betlehem Jozsef , Acs Pongrac
Published: February 2023

Lifecourse nutrition encompasses nourishment from early development into parenthood. From preconception and pregnancy to childhood, late adolescence, and reproductive years, life course nutrition explores links between dietary exposures and health outcomes in current and future generations from a public health perspective, usually addressing lifestyle behaviours, reproductive well‐being and maternal‐child health strategies. However, nutritional factors that play a role in conceiving and sustaining new life might also require a molecular perspective and recognition of critical interactions between specific nutrients and relevant biochemical pathways. The present perspective summarises evidence about the links between diet during periconception and next‐generation health and outlines the main metabolic networks involved in nutritional biology of this sensitive time frame.
Chromosome‐scale genome assembly and insights into the metabolome and gene regulation of leaf color transition in an important oak species, Quercus dentata
Authors: Wang Wen‐Bo , He Xiang‐Feng , Yan Xue‐Mei , Ma Bo , Lu Cun‐Fu , Wu Jing , Zheng Yi , Wang Wen‐He , Xue Wen‐Bo , Tian Xue-Chan , Guo Jing-Fang , El‐Kassaby Yousry A. , Porth Ilga , Leng Ping‐Sheng , Hu Zeng‐Hui , Mao Jian‐Feng
Published: February 2023

Quercus dentata Thunb., a dominant forest tree species in northern China, has significant ecological and ornamental value due to its adaptability and beautiful autumn coloration, with color changes from green to yellow into red resulting from the autumnal shifts in leaf pigmentation. However, the key genes and molecular regulatory mechanisms for leaf color transition remain to be investigated.

First, we presented a high‐quality chromosome‐scale assembly for Q. dentata. This 893.54 Mb sized genome (contig N50 = 4.21 Mb, scaffold N50 = 75.55 Mb; 2n = 24) harbors 31 584 protein‐coding genes. Second, our metabolome analyses uncovered pelargonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, cyanidin‐3‐O‐arabinoside, and cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside as the main pigments involved in leaf color transition. Third, gene co‐expression further identified the MYB‐bHLH‐WD40 (MBW) transcription activation complex as central to anthocyanin biosynthesis regulation.

Notably, transcription factor (TF) QdNAC (QD08G038820) was highly co‐expressed with this MBW complex and may regulate anthocyanin accumulation and chlorophyll degradation during leaf senescence through direct interaction with another TF, QdMYB (QD01G020890), as revealed by our further protein–protein and DNA–protein interaction assays.

Our high‐quality genome assembly, metabolome, and transcriptome resources further enrich Quercus genomics and will facilitate upcoming exploration of ornamental values and environmental adaptability in this important genus.
High prevalence of potential psychotropic drugs interactions among Brazilian dental patients
Authors: Cruz Alex Junio Silva , Martins Maria Auxiliadora Parreiras , de Aguilar Diego Rodrigues , Santos Jacqueline Silva , Sohn Woosung , de Castilho Lia Silva , Abreu Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães
Published: February 2023

Objective

To determine the prevalence of potential drug–drug interactions involving psychotropics prescribed by dentists, and dispensed by the public healthcare system, as well as to describe the severity and level of evidence of those interactions in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Materials and Methods

We conducted data analysis from pharmaceutical claims in which dental patients received systemic psychotropics in 2017. Data from the Pharmaceutical Management System provided the drug dispensing history of the patients, allowing the identification of those on concomitant medication use. The outcome was the occurrence of potential drug–drug interactions, which were detected according to IBM Micromedex®. Independent variables were the patient's sex, age, and the number of drugs used. Descriptive statistics was performed using SPSS v. 26.

Results

Overall, 1480 individuals were prescribed psychotropic drugs. The prevalence of potential drug–drug interactions was 24.8% (n = 366). The total of 648 interactions was observed and, most of which were of major severity (n = 438, 67.6%). Most interactions occurred in female individuals (n = 235; 64.2%), with 46.0 (±17.3) years‐old, concurrently taking 3.7 (±1.9) drugs.

Conclusion

A substantial proportion of dental patients presented potential drug–drug interactions, mostly of major severity, which might be life‐threatening.
A Novel Locking Buttress Plate Designed for Simultaneous Medial and Posterolateral Tibial Plateau Fractures: Concept and Comparative Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Yan Bangji , Huang Xiaotao , Xu Yingxing , Zou Chengshi
Published: February 2023

Objective

The complex tibial plateau fractures involving both medial and posterolateral columns are of frequent occurrence in clinics, but the existing fixation system cannot deal with medial and posterolateral fragments simultaneously. Therefore, a novel locking buttress plate named as medial and posterior column plate (MPCP) was designed in this study to fix the simultaneous medial and posterolateral tibial plateau fractures. Meanwhile, the comparative finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted to investigate the discrepancy between MPCP and traditional multiple plates (MP + PLP) in their biomechanical characteristics.

Methods

Two 3D finite element models of simultaneous medial and posterolateral tibial plateau fracture fixed with MPCP and MP + PLP system, respectively, was constructed. To imitate the axial stress of knee joint in ordinary life, diverse axial forces with 100, 500, 1000, and 1500 N were applied in the two fixation models, and then the equivalent displacement and stress nephograms and values were obtained.

Results

The similar trend of displacement and stress increasing with the loads was observed in the two fixation models. However, several heterogeneities of displacement and stress distribution were found in the two fixation models. The max displacement and von Mises stress values of plates, screws, and fragments in the MPCP fixation model were significantly smaller than that in the MP + PLP fixation model, except for the max‐shear stress values.

Conclusion

As a single locking buttress plate, the MPCP system showed the excellent benefit on improving the stability of the simultaneous medial and posterolateral tibial plateau fractures, compared with the traditional double plate fixation system. However, the excessive shear stress around screw holes should be paid attention to prevent trabecular microfracture and screw loosening.
Understanding the Positive Effects of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on Women's Fertility in Norway
Authors: Lappegård Trude , Kornstad Tom , Dommermuth Lars , Kristensen Axel Peter
Published: February 2023

This study examines the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on fertility in Norway at the individual level. Studies using data at the macrolevel have found a positive short‐term effect of the pandemic on the fertility level in Norway, but women's fertility response to the pandemic may differ depending on their life situation. We use the first lockdown on March 12, 2020, as a marker of the pandemic and apply a regression discontinuity design to compare births of women that were conceived before the pandemic started with those conceived during the first eight months of the pandemic. The positive effect on women's fertility in Norway was mainly driven by women in life phases that have generally high fertility rates (women aged 28–35 years and women who already have children). These groups are likely to be in an economically and socially secure and stable situation in which the restrictions due to the pandemic had limited influence. Besides two exceptions, we do not find differences in the effect of the pandemic on childbearing by women's work situation. This is most likely related to the strong welfare state and the generous additional pandemic‐related measures taken by the Norwegian government.
Potential of neonatal organ donation and outcome after transplantation
Authors: Bluhme Emil , Henckel Ewa , Jorns Carl
Published: February 2023

Organ transplantation is limited by access to suitable organs. Infant recipient waitlist mortality is increased due to the scarcity of size‐matched organs. Neonatal organ donors have been proposed as an underutilized source of donor organs. However, the literature on the actual prevalence and outcome of neonatal organ donation and transplantation is fragmented and not well analyzed. This literature review aims to summarize the available literature on the potential of neonatal organ donation and to analyze published cases of neonatal organ transplantation. A systematic search of the Medline and Cochrane databases yielded 2964 articles, which were screened for eligibility. In total, 86 articles were considered eligible, of which 34 were included in the literature review: 8 articles describing the potential of neonatal organ donation programs, and 26 articles describing clinical transplantation. Current evidence suggests there is a large pool of potential neonatal organ donors. In contrast, the literature on neonatal organ donor utilization is sparse. However, case series of successful kidney, heart, liver, hepatocyte, and multivisceral transplantation using organs from neonatal donors are summarized. Although good posttransplant organ function was achieved, the use of neonatal organs is associated with increased risk of thrombosis in both kidney and liver transplantation. Neonatal organ donation is a promising alternative for expanding the current donor pool. Experience is limited, but reported patient and graft survival are acceptable and more research on the subject is warranted.
On scepticism about personal identity thought experiments
Authors: Latham Andrew J. , Miller Kristie , West Caroline , Yu Wen
Published: February 2023

Many philosophers have become sceptical of the use of thought experiments in theorising about personal identity. In large part, this is due to work in experimental philosophy that appears to confirm long‐held philosophical suspicions that thought experiments elicit inconsistent judgements about personal identity and hence judgements that are thought to be the product of cognitive biases. If so, these judgements appear to be useless at informing our theories of personal identity. Using the methods of experimental philosophy, we investigate whether people exhibit inconsistent judgements and, if they do, whether these judgements are likely to be the source of cognitive bias or, instead, sensitivity to some relevant factor. We do not find that people's judgements are sensitive to any of the factors we investigate (relevant or irrelevant), nor that people have inconsistent judgements across cases. Rather, people's judgements are best explained by them having a very minimal account of what it takes for a person to survive. Since this pattern of judgements is no reason to think that we are subject to cognitive bias, we see no reason, as things stand, to be sceptical of our judgements.