bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Health
Authors: Mendenhall Emily , Closser Svea
Published: December 2022

Global health can be understood as part of a larger history of global cooperation that reflects and enacts uneven politics, power, and privilege on an unequal earth. Global health emerged in the early 21st century when the groundswell of money for HIV/AIDS transformed the field, and a global orientation, as opposed to one of international relations or modularity, took hold. It is rooted in a long history of wealthier countries intervening in poorer countries with the stated aim of improving health—often with other goals, including economic power or winning hearts and minds. This history has been told by historians of medicine, as well as anthropologists. The idea of “global health” references the fact that health problems are concentrated not only in poorer countries, but rather around the world in resource-constrained settings, including rural areas and those that have been systematically cut off from services. The infusion of money for HIV, largely from wealthy nations, including the United States, positioned decision-making in global power centers that reflected a holdover from previous epochs of international health and colonial medicine. As in earlier eras, the period of global health was one where the focus was often on short-term, measurable outcomes achieved through top-down programs that sidestepped government infrastructure and development. This lack of sustained attention and support for national governments’ ability to build sustainable, broad-based health systems underlines long-standing concerns around the utility of technical solutions for health problems when long-standing social and economic political and policy problems are overlooked.
Amazonian Frontiers: Borderlines, Internal Frontiers, and Political Ecology of Amazonia
Authors: Palacio Germán
Published: December 2022

In dealing with the intersection between Amazonia and frontiers, Amazonia, understood as a region, is a recent construction that cannot be confused with the Amazon as river. Its meaning is related to the idea of Panamazonia, a multinational region. In terms of frontiers, there is a distinction between borderlines with their main ramifications, borderlands, and internal frontiers. From a historical point of view, both, borderlines and “internal frontiers” approaches must be taken into account simultaneously when dealing with the Amazonian frontiers.

From a chronological point of view, in brief, a borderline was traced in the late 15th century in a contest between the Portuguese and the Castile and Aragon crowns over the Atlantic. At the beginning of the 16th century, Iberian people arrived at Pará, what today is part of Brazil. They found transformed lowlands landscapes by indigenous people of several linguistic and ethnic origins. The British, Dutch, and French crowns were able to settle in the “Caribbean” Amazonia, the Guianas. Later on, during the second part of the 17th century, Portuguese people started to expand successfully from the east to the west following up the Big River. The Spanish crown only decided to deal with Portuguese expansion in the middle of the 18th century through diplomatic negotiations. Well into the 19th century definitive demarcations in the framework of nation-state building became evident, and this becomes a priority for these independent nation-states, particularly due to the economic importance of two highly valued commodities: quinine, and rubber. The process of establishing borderlines became firmly decided around the middle of the 20th century, and with few exceptions.

While the process of establishing borders has almost concluded, the material appropriation of frontier landscapes is still taking place. The current appropriation of Amazonian lands is, probably, in its last stage. It is extremely conflictive in some cases, such as in Peru and Colombia, because of internal armed conflict, illegal extractivism, and drug dealing. It also involves a dispute between forces associated with development projects and forces of conservation during the late 20th century and the turning of this new century, all in a context of the environmental globalization of the Amazonia. This has implied a redefinition of the territorial role of the Amazonian nation-states. Therefore, it is more proper to analyze this last stage as a political ecology of the appropriation of Amazonian frontiers.
Mexico’s Urban Indians
Authors: Lentz Mark
Published: December 2022

Mexico’s indigenous population developed urbanism on a large scale before Spanish invaders arrived. Indians constituted the majority in most Mexican cities through the colonial era and, in many cases, after independence. Tenochtitlan, reborn as Mexico City after the Spanish Conquest (1519–1521), remained one of the largest world metropolises and a home to millions of indigenous inhabitants. During the colonial period, migrants from ethnic groups throughout New Spain populated Mexico City, new cities founded by conquistadors, and smaller pre-Hispanic cities that survived the conquest. Though prohibited from residing in the 13-block central district (traza) of cities, indigenous urban residents lived in these nominally Spanish spaces, often as domestic workers. In surrounding barrios, they worked as craftsmen, artisans, and tradespeople. Barrios de indios enjoyed limited self-government under native cabildos. Independence brought about the erasure of racial classifications at the national level, but language, dress, and kin networks continued to set urban Indians apart from more racially ambiguous city dwellers in the 19th and 20th centuries. Rapidly expanding cities swallowed traditionally indigenous pueblos, absorbing their population into greater metropolitan areas. As pueblos originarios were absorbed into cities, such communities struggled to preserve their identities in an urban setting. Economic disruptions in the countryside also pushed migrants from indigenous rural pueblos into cities, a process accelerated during the 20th century. In new residences, urban Indians often worked as vendors, domestic workers, day laborers, and workers in the service industry.
Sociophonetics
Authors: Docherty Gerard
Published: December 2022

Sociophonetics research is located at the interface of sociolinguistics and experimental phonetics. Its primary focus is to shed new light on the social-indexical phonetic properties of speech, revealing a wide range of phonetic parameters that map systematically to social factors relevant to speakers and listeners, and the fact that many of these involve particularly fine-grained control of both spatial and temporal dimensions of speech production. Recent methodological developments in acoustic and articulatory methods have yielded new insights into the nature of sociophonetic variation at the scale of entire speech communities as well as in respect of the detailed speech production patterns of individual speakers. The key theoretical dimension of sociophonetic research is to consider how models of speech production, processing, and acquisition should be informed by rapidly increasing knowledge of the ubiquity of social-indexical phonetic variation carried by the speech signal. In particular, this work is focused on inferring from the performance of speakers and listeners how social-indexical phonetic properties are interwoven into phonological representation alongside those properties associated with the transmission and interpretation of lexical-propositional information.
The Expression of Modality in Classical Chinese: Notions, Taxonomy and Distinctive Features
Authors: Sparvoli Carlotta
Published: December 2022

Classical Chinese is the written language used from the late 6th to the early 2nd century bce. Located between the Eastern Zhou (770–256) and the foundation of the Qin dynasty (221–207), its textual repertoire comprises the philosophical treaties of the Warring States period (475–221 bce) and, based on syntactic criteria, roughly coincides with the Late Archaic Chinese (LAC). In a diachronic perspective, this is the stage between the rise of a set of possibility and desiderative modals and their systematic use to express a progressively more varied set of modal meanings. Even though many of those expressions still instantiate in modern Chinese, as bùdébù, ‘have to’, which echoes the LAC construction of possibility modal in double negation, the usage of other markers fell in disuse to be replaced by specialized modal, especially for epistemic and deontic modality, starting from Early Medieval Chinese (2nd–6th c.
ce). The main bulk of LAC modals is built around three possibility modals, characterized by different syntactic, aspectual, and argumental properties, and expressing three types of enabling conditions for the actualization of the state of affairs. The first, and the most productive, is kĕ, ‘be possible, can’; it is related to the presence or absence of external factors that allow or prevent a given event. The modal néng, ‘be able’ is instead referred to inherent properties of the first participant; finally, dé, ‘come to get, manage’ expresses the potential of actualization of the first participant in the given circumstances. Combined with negation, restrictive focus markers, and specific pragmatic environments, each marker conveys a more varied array of modal meanings, also shifting to the necessity domain. In the latter area, the primary normative source is bound to contingent circumstances (including the power emanated by an authority) rather than moral obligations. Additionally, the only item that occurs consistently in LAC literature as a direct equivalent of deontic ‘should’ (yí宜) is more related to appropriateness than obligation. A further set of modal particles and speaker-oriented adverbs contribute to expressing the degree of factuality of the propositional content, conveying evidential and epistemic contents. Finally, the data show the centrality in LAC of the notion of necessity interpreted in terms of unavoidability, only possibility, and a lack of alternatives.
Frisian
Authors: Winter Christoph
Published: December 2022

Frisian is a West Germanic language that is indigenous to the southern coastal region of the North Sea in the Netherlands and Germany. In the early 21st century, it was spoken by around 400,000 inhabitants of the Dutch province of Friesland, by up to 1,000 speakers in the German municipality of the Saterland, and by an estimated 4,000 people in the German district of Nordfriesland. Corresponding to the geographical separation of these areas, which is the result of a complex historical process involving several migration events and language shifts, the Frisian language is traditionally divided into three dialect groups: West Frisian, East Frisian (Saterlandic), and North Frisian. They share common Frisian features, like the presence of two classes of weak verbs. Nevertheless, they are also characterized by individual innovations and various degrees of influence from different contact languages, which explains why they are no longer mutually intelligible. All three dialects are fully recognized as minority languages but differ in terms of their sociopolitical status. While West Frisian appears to occupy a moderately strong position in society—as it is not only recognized as the second official language of the Netherlands but also has access to higher domains and enjoys a considerable amount of constitutional support—the same does not apply to the other dialects. North Frisian and Saterlandic are mostly, if not entirely, confined to lower domains and attempts to extend their use have been only moderately successful. Considering the number of speakers, West Frisian is a relatively vital language as opposed to North Frisian and Saterlandic, which are both severely endangered.
Conversion in Germanic
Authors: Werner Martina
Published: December 2022

In Germanic languages, conversion is seen as a change in category (i.e., syntactic category, word class, part of speech) without (overt) affixation. Conversion is attested in all Germanic languages. The definition of conversion as transposition or as derivation with a so-called zero-affix, which is responsible for the word-class change, depends on the language-specific part-of-speech system as well as, as often argued, the direction of conversion. Different types of conversion (e.g., from adjective to noun) are attested in Germanic languages, which differ especially semantically from each other. Although minor conversion types are attested, the main conversion types in Germanic languages are verb-to-noun conversion (deverbal nouns), adjective-to-noun conversion (deadjectival nouns), and noun-to-verb conversion (denominal verbs). Due to the characteristics of word-class change, conversion displays many parallels to derivational processes such as the directionality of category change and the preservation of lexical and grammatical properties of the underlying stem such as argument structure. Some, however, have argued that conversion does not exist as a specific rule and is only a symptom of lexical relisting. Another question is whether two such words are related by a conversion process that is still productive or are lexically listed relics of a now unproductive process. Furthermore, the direction of conversion of present-day Germanic, for example, the identification of the word class of the input before being converted, is unclear sometimes. Generally, deverbal and deadjectival nominal conversion in Germanic languages is semantically more transparent than denominal and deadjectival verbal conversion: despite the occurrence of some highly frequent, but lexicalized counterexamples, the semantic impact of conversion is only sometimes predictable, slightly more in the nominal domain than in the verbal domain. The semantics of verb formation by conversion (e.g., whether conversion leads to causative readings or not) is hardly predictable. Overall, conversion in Germanic is considered a process with multiple linkages to other morphological phenomena such as derivation, back-formation, and inflectional categories such as grammatical gender. Due to the lack of formal markers, conversion is considered non-iconic. The different kinds of conversions are merely based on language-specific mechanisms, but what all Germanic languages share at least is the ability to form nominal conversion, which is independent of their typological characteristics as isolating-analytic versus inflectional-fusional languages. This is surprising given the crosslinguistic prevalence of verbal conversion in the languages of the world.
Discourse Analytic Approaches to Language and Identity
Authors: Van De Mieroop Dorien
Published: December 2022

Rather than thinking of identity as something that defines a person in such a way that it makes them distinguishable from others, researchers using discourse analytical approaches within linguistics—especially in the fields of pragmatics and interactional sociolinguistics—tend to adopt a social constructionist perspective and thus view identity as a multimodally constituted activity or process. From this perspective, identity is not something one is or has, but something that one does or creates by means of various linguistic and paralinguistic resources as well as bodily movements. This performative view of identity has a number of implications. Rather than thinking of identity in the singular, a plural conceptualization of identities is capitalized on. Moreover, these identities should not be regarded as pertaining to only the ‘large’ macro-level sociodemographic categories individuals belong to, such as gender, race, and social class; identities are often described in much more nuanced terms. Such a fine-grained approach is needed to do justice to this performative perspective on identity, as it helps to capture the many dynamic and extremely fleeting ways in which people engage in identity work. Furthermore, all these identity constructions are not necessarily always consistent with one another, and they may sometimes even be contradictory, as people may not always be—or be able to be—equally prone to enacting a particular identity. This may depend on what they are doing and with whom, as identities are also related to the identities other people may construct around them. All these aspects make the analysis of identity quite a complex endeavor, as not only can their plural and fleeting nature make identities quite hard to capture, but it can also be quite a challenge to pin down precisely at which points in an interaction we can actually observe identity work in action.
Comparing the Reliability of Virtual and In-Person Post-Stroke Neuropsychological Assessment with Language Tasks
Authors: Duricy Erin , Durisko Corrine , Dickey Michael Walsh , Fiez Julie A
Published: December 2022

Objective

Neuropsychological testing is essential for both clinical and basic stroke research; however, the in-person nature of this testing is a limitation. Virtual testing overcomes the hurdles of geographic location, mobility issues and permits social distancing, yet its validity has received relatively little investigation, particularly in comparison with in-person testing.

Method

We expand on our prior findings of virtual testing feasibility by assessing virtual versus in-person administration of language and communication tasks with 48 left-hemisphere stroke patients (21 F, 27 M; mean age = 63.4 ± 12; mean years of education = 15.3 ± 3.5) in a quasi-test–retest paradigm. Each participant completed two testing sessions: one in their home and one in the research lab. Participants were assigned to one of the eight groups, with the testing condition (fully in-person, partially virtual), order of home session (first, second) and technology (iPad, Windows tablet) varied across groups.

Results

Across six speech-language tasks that utilized varying response modalities and interfaces, we found no significant difference in performance between virtual and in-person testing. However, our results reveal key considerations for successful virtual administration of neuropsychological tests, including technology complications and disparities in internet access.

Conclusions

Virtual administration of neuropsychological assessments demonstrates comparable reliability with in-person data collection involving stroke survivors, though technology issues must be taken into account.
Identification of vital chemical information via visualization of graph neural networks
Authors: Wang Yimeng , Huang Mengting , Deng Hua , Li Weihua , Wu Zengrui , Tang Yun , Liu Guixia
Published: December 2022

Qualitative or quantitative prediction models of structure–activity relationships based on graph neural networks (GNNs) are prevalent in drug discovery applications and commonly have excellently predictive power. However, the network information flows of GNNs are highly complex and accompanied by poor interpretability. Unfortunately, there are relatively less studies on GNN attributions, and their developments in drug research are still at the early stages. In this work, we adopted several advanced attribution techniques for different GNN frameworks and applied them to explain multiple drug molecule property prediction tasks, enabling the identification and visualization of vital chemical information in the networks. Additionally, we evaluated them quantitatively with attribution metrics such as accuracy, sparsity, fidelity and infidelity, stability and sensitivity; discussed their applicability and limitations; and provided an open-source benchmark platform for researchers. The results showed that all attribution techniques were effective, while those directly related to the predicted labels, such as integrated gradient, preferred to have better attribution performance. These attribution techniques we have implemented could be directly used for the vast majority of chemical GNN interpretation tasks.
SARS-CoV-2 targets pericytes to restrict blood flow within the brain
Authors: Miners J Scott , Fisher Robert A , Love Seth
Published: December 2022

This scientific commentary refers to ‘SARS-CoV-2 triggers pericyte-mediated cerebral capillary constriction’ by Hirunpattarasilp et al. (https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awac272).
The gradient model of brain organization in decisions involving “empathy for pain”
Authors: Labek Karin , Sittenberger Elisa , Kienhöfer Valerie , Rabl Luna , Messina Irene , Schurz Matthias , Stingl Julia C , Viviani Roberto
Published: December 2022

Influential models of cortical organization propose a close relationship between heteromodal association areas and highly connected hubs in the default mode network. The “gradient model” of cortical organization proposes a close relationship between these areas and highly connected hubs in the default mode network, a set of cortical areas deactivated by demanding tasks. Here, we used a decision-making task and representational similarity analysis with classic “empathy for pain” stimuli to probe the relationship between high-level representations of imminent pain in others and these areas. High-level representations were colocalized with task deactivations or the transitions from activations to deactivations. These loci belonged to 2 groups: those that loaded on the high end of the principal cortical gradient and were associated by meta-analytic decoding with the default mode network, and those that appeared to accompany functional repurposing of somatosensory cortex in the presence of visual stimuli. These findings suggest that task deactivations may set out cortical areas that host high-level representations. We anticipate that an increased understanding of the cortical correlates of high-level representations may improve neurobiological models of social interactions and psychopathology.
Video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy for Harlequin syndrome
Authors: Kirk Frazer , Crathern Kelsie , Stroebel Andrie
Published: December 2022

Harlequin syndrome is an exceedingly rare condition, characterized by unilateral facial flushing and hyperhidrosis. Postulated to be dysregulated sympathetic nervous system stimulation of the dermal vasculature and blood vessels of the face. There is no clear unifying pathological cause. Due to its heterogeneity and rarity, very little is known about the treatment of it. Hereafter, we describe our experience in successfully curing right-sided Harlequin syndrome through video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy.
GENETIC ARCHITECTURE OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RISKS
Authors: Singh Abanish , Arbeev Konstantin , Yashin Anatoliy , Akushevich Igor
Published: December 2022

More than 6 million people in the US live with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related-dementia. There is a racial disparity in the prevalence of disease. However, its full genetic architecture and complex biological mechanisms are not yet understood. This study aimed to identify AD’s full genetic architecture. Hypothesizing that a large part of AD could be due to the complex interplay of multiple genes that may influence it directly or through comorbidity-risks, we performed a series of race-stratified GWASs on AD outcome and an array of correlated comorbidity-risks -- ADRD, depression, ischemic-stroke, cerebral-hypoperfusion, heart-failure, and cerebral-thromboembolism -- derived from Medicare records of HRS dataset’s White and Black samples. We prioritized AD GWAS signals based on their co-associations with comorbidity-risks. In White samples, we observed well-known genome-wide significant AD associations with SNPs in APOE, TOMM40 genes. In addition, we identified that 19 genic-region SNPs from the top 25 SNPs were mapped to 13 genes and that at least 5 genes were known for their association with AD or other neuropathic, neurological disorders. About one-third associations were replicated in Black samples. From the top 25 SNPs in Black samples, each of the 16 genic-region SNPs was mapped to a unique gene, which included 6 genes that were known for their association with other neurological, neuropathic, or psychiatric disorders. The genes resulted from the two races differed. These findings suggest that AD may result from a complex interplay of multiple genes, comorbidity-risks, and other brain-related disorders, which may differ for the two races.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN METABOLIC HEALTH AND 5 EPIGENETIC CLOCKS IN THE BERLIN AGING STUDY II (BASE-II)
Authors: Demuth Ilja , Düzel Sandra , Vetter Valentin , Drewelies Johanna , Sommerer Yasmine , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth , Gerstorf Denis , Bertram Lars
Published: December 2022

The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) relies on cut-off values for five cardiovascular risk factors, three of which must be met to make the diagnosis. While this approach has certain advantages in the clinical setting, it only allows a binary classification relying on cut-off values. Thus, individuals receiving the same MetS diagnosis may differ in terms of disease severity. We have recently developed a continuous measure of the metabolic load (MetL) that was calculated as a latent factor from indicators that are used to diagnose the MetS enabling a more differentiated assessment. DNA methylation age acceleration (DNAmAA) is a widely accepted biomarker of aging which can be derived from a variety of epigenetic clocks. However, it is still unclear which aspects of aging these biomarkers represent best. Aim of the current study was to evaluate whether and how the MetS and MetL relate to DNAmAA derived from five epigenetic clocks (7-CpG clock, Horvath’s clock, Hannum’s clock, PhenoAge, and GrimAge). MetS was diagnosed according to the AHA/IDF/NHLBI criteria (2009) and the latent MetL factor was extracted from a confirmatory factor analysis considering the same diagnostic parameters. DNAmAA estimated from PhenoAge and GrimAge were significantly associated with MetS (beta=0.036 and beta=0.063, both p<0.05) and MetL (both beta=0.009 and p<0.05) in regression analyses adjusted for age and gender including 1,100 participants from the follow-up assessments of the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II, mean age 75.6 ±3.8 years). The results will be discussed with respect to clinical relevance in the context of current literature.
BIDIRECTIONAL LINKS OF DAILY SLEEP QUALITY AND DURATION WITH PAIN AND SELF-RATED HEALTH IN OLD AGE
Authors: Lücke Anna Jori , Wrzus Cornelia , Kunzmann Ute , Gerstorf Denis , Katzorreck Martin , Hoppmann Christiane , Schilling Oliver
Published: December 2022

Sleep and physical well-being (e.g., pain, self-rated health) are closely linked, but the temporal ordering, especially regarding day-to-day variations, is not well understood. Furthermore, sleep quality and duration are only moderately correlated and may differ in their association with physical wellbeing. Using data from 123 young-old (66-69 years, 47% women) and 47 old-old adults (84-90 years, 60% women) who rated sleep quality and duration as well as pain and self-rated health on seven consecutive days, we examined bidirectional links between sleep and physical well-being. Supporting our hypotheses, results showed that after longer and better than usual sleep, participants reported better self-rated health; only better sleep quality significantly predicted lower pain. In turn, both lower pain intensity and increased self-rated health predicted better subsequent sleep quality, but not duration. We discuss conceptual and practical implications of our findings.
BUILDING COMMUNITY-BASED PARTNERSHIPS TO PROMOTE DIVERSE, INTERGENERATIONAL SERVICE-LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Garbarino Jason , Sarnevitz Janelle
Published: December 2022

The next generation of healthcare providers require experiential learning opportunities which incorporate participation from historically marginalized, diverse populations. A longstanding interprofessional gerontology service-learning program with a measured ability to positively influence student perspectives working with older adults while reducing rates of social isolation among older participants, underwent recent changes in the recruitment of older adults to ensure increased participation from historically marginalized populations. Building partnerships with community-based organizations serving BIPOC, LGBTQ+, and rural older adults played an integral role in building a more diverse participant group for shared, intergenerational learning. Opportunities for student reflection via group debriefs and individual, written reflections promote a greater understanding and preparedness to work with diverse older adult populations.
FORGING AND SUPPORTING INTERGENERATIONAL CONNECTIONS: THE BREADTH OF INTERGENERATIONAL SCHOLARSHIP
Authors: Halvorsen Cal , Xu Ling , Eisenstein Amy
Published: December 2022

Research on intergenerational connections is wide ranging, highlighting the various ways that people from across the life course interact for mutual and community benefit. Intergenerational connections occur through both formal (e.g., community service programs) and informal (e.g., family interactions) means. Studies have shown that intergenerational connections can lead to an assortment of physical, social, psychological, and interpersonal health and well-being outcomes for younger and older people alike. This symposium will highlight the breadth of research on intergenerational connections, bringing together scholars who have used primary and secondary data to better measure, understand, and support them. The first presentation will report the results of a randomized controlled trial in Tarrant County, Texas that trained college students to connect with older adults experiencing cognitive impairment through reminiscence and digital storytelling. The second presentation will describe how intergenerational transfers of emotional and instrumental support relate to self-rated health among older Chinese adults living in Honolulu while considering the roles of gender and resilience. The third presentation will address an important question within intergenerational scholarship—how to measure intergenerational connections—by reporting the results of the newly developed and validated Intergenerational Contact survey among an online sample of younger and older adults. The fourth presentation will describe the pilot-year evaluation of the Gen2Gen Innovation Fellowship, a cohort model that supports and connects leaders of intergenerational initiatives throughout the U.S. To conclude, our discussant will place these diverse studies into context and note places for continued innovation in intergenerational scholarship to better inform the field.
CHARTING THE POST-COVID-19 COURSE IN NURSING HOMES THROUGH STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND ADVOCACY
Authors: Caprio Thomas , Lindberg Brian
Published: December 2022

Nursing homes sustained a disproportionate number of negative effects from the COIVD-19 pandemic including strained resources, significant decline in workforce capacity, high prevalence of infections and mortality among older adults, and a need for ongoing support and timely information related to COVID-19 vaccination and boosters. The HRSA-funded Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Programs (GWEPs) have responded to the growing need to support nursing homes in the recovery phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Several of these GWEPs undertook new efforts under supplemental federal funding to conduct outreach and partner with nursing home stakeholders including direct care workers, residents, families, and community-based organizations to address gaps in education and training, to promote age-friendly care, and to address social determinants of health. In this symposium GWEPS from different geographic areas share their experiences in developing nursing home focused interventions, engaging feedback to refine curricula, and identify areas to advocate for future policy considerations to support and enhance nursing homes post-pandemic.
STRATEGIES FOR SUPPORTING NURSING HOMES IN THE PANDEMIC RECOVERY AND BEYOND
Authors: Berg-Weger Marla
Published: December 2022

Best practice strategies are needed to address current and ongoing COVID-19 challenges for nursing home (NH) staff, residents, and families, including vaccine-related issues and staff, resident, and family mental health. Saint Louis University and University of Iowa Geriatrics Workforce Enhancement Programs along with Show-Me ECHO have engaged NH, community, and clinician stakeholders to identify and prioritize gaps in education/support needs, target audiences, and delivery methods. We conducted interviews with stakeholders at all levels of NH staff, community professionals, family members, and professional organizations to identify and prioritize needs. Guided by these findings and advisory groups at partner organizations, the collaborative developed outreach and curriculum strategies targeted to prioritized needs. This presentation emphasizes strategies for stakeholder engagement, identifying education/support needs, and outreach to NH workforce and care partners, and experiences and lessons learned in increasing staff vaccination rates will be shared. Implications for future policy and advocacy are highlighted.
PERSPECTIVES ON HEALTH AND AGING WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY: A QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
Authors: Baehr Laura , Fisher Kathleen , Finley Margaret
Published: December 2022

Age of spinal cord injury (SCI) onset and life expectancy have increased over the last half century, but minimal inquiry on health and aging lived experience perspectives are available. The objective of this study was to begin to examine this through a qualitative descriptive design. Nine group interviews were conducted with individuals living with SCI (n=24) 22-76 with injury duration 3-47 years. Participant descriptions on health and aging were thematically analyzed. Health maintenance was related to physical routine to prevent secondary health conditions, injury acceptance, and engagement with disability networks. Aging outlook was connected to fear of dependence and lack of education on aging with SCI. These findings demonstrate that clinicians and researchers should investigate issues beyond routine self-management to support life with SCI. Personal considerations based on life stage when injured warrants investigation. Advocacy for peer-support is imperative at all life stages given its positive impact on health.
PSYCHOSOCIAL RESILIENCE, FAMILY SUPPORT, AND COGNITIVE STATUS: FROM EVIDENCE TO ACTION
Authors: Xu Hanzhang , Wu Bei , Guo Man
Published: December 2022

Increasing evidence suggests the important role of social connections and family support in maintaining optimal cognitive status among older adults. This symposium includes four studies from China and the U.S with a focus on generating actionable evidence to inform the development of strategies that target psychosocial resilience and family support to promote cognitive health. Using data from the 2006, 2010, and 2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, the first study assessed the impact of social isolation on cognitive function, and how sleep disturbance mediated the association on cognitive decline. The study findings suggest addressing sleep disturbance might be a viable way to mitigate the negative effect of social isolation on cognitive function. Companion piece includes another HRS-based study that assessed the impact of loneliness on psychological resilience and cognitive health in later life. Findings from this study show loneliness is indirectly associated with baseline cognitive status and accelerated cognitive decline through deteriorating phycological resources. The third study used a prospective longitudinal design and applied group-based trajectory modeling to identify distinct family functions among 170 Chinese stroke survivors. Four family function trajectories were identified; healthy and stable family function was associated with better cognition and quality of life. Lastly, the fourth study aimed to use an experienced-based co-design approach to develop a cognitive training intervention to promote cognitive health in older Chinese immigrants in the U.S. This approach allows researchers to engage end-users early and to optimize the development of a culturally and linguistically relevant cognitive training intervention.
MANAGING YOUR OWN WELLNESS: A PILOT INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE DEMENTIA CARE PARTNER SELF-CARE
Authors: Ishado Emily , McKiddy Sarah , Borson Soo , Sadak Tatiana
Published: December 2022

Engagement in regular self-care activities could mitigate and reduce the risk of negative health outcomes in dementia care partners (CP), yet many report that they do not prioritize wellness-related activities for themselves. We conducted a pilot of a virtual technology-supported intervention with 19 dementia CP to evaluate usability, feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of cultivating daily self-care habits and creating a wellness routine based on personalized self-care goals. Case studies and inductive thematic analyses suggested that the intervention could help CP meet their self-care activity goals, improve their sense of well-being and capacity to provide care. After establishing the initial feasibility and usability of the intervention and the online goal-setting and tracking platform, we collaborated with scientists specializing in Human-Centered Design and Engineering to develop a prototype of a mobile application that will optimize portability, utility, and support testing of this intervention.
THE ROLE OF SUBJECTIVE AGE IN PREDICTING POST-HOSPITALIZATION OUTCOMES
Authors: Zisberg Anna , Gur-Yaish Nurit , Shadmi Efrat , Shulyaev Ksenya , Smichenko Juliana , Palgi Yuval
Published: December 2022

Subjective age contributes to a range of health and functional outcomes in older adults. Most of the evidence comes from studies in community dwelling older adults. The current study explores whether younger subjective age serves as a protective factor against hospital associated physical, cognitive, and emotional decline. This paper is a secondary analysis of a subsample (N=250) from the HoPE-MOR (Hospitalization Process Effects on Mobility Outcomes and Recovery) study for which subjective age was assessed at the time of hospital admission and outcomes were measured one-month post-discharge. Psychological and physiological subjective age was measured as a person’s report on the degree to which they feel older or younger compared to their chronological age on a 5-point Likert-type scale. Measures of independency in Activities of Daily Living, Life-space mobility, cognitive function and depressive symptoms, were based on participants’ assessment at admission and one-month post-discharge. In a sample of acutely ill participants, age 77.5±6.6, those with younger psychological subjective age had a significantly lower odds for poorer mental (OR=0.66, 95%CI 0.45-0.97), functional (OR=0.62, 95%CI 0.43-0.90) and cognitive state (OR=0.60, 95%CI 0.36-0.98), and better life-space mobility (OR=0.67, 95%CI 0.47-0.95). Findings were significant after controlling for numerous demographic, functional, cognitive, emotional and chronic and acute health predictors. Physiological subjective age was not significantly related to post hospitalization outcomes. Psychological subjective age could serve as a relatively simple parameter to identify older adults who are at risk for poor hospitalization outcomes for consideration of inclusion in preventive in-hospital and post discharge interventions.
UNCOVERING PET OWNERSHIP BENEFITS, CHALLENGES, AND RESOURCES: A SURVEY OF PROFESSIONALS WORKING WITH OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Bibbo Jessica , Johnson Justin , Drost Jennifer , Sanders Margaret
Published: December 2022

The human-animal bond can play a vital role in the lives of older adults, including those living with dementia. This study used the stress process model to identify the benefits, challenges, and resources associated with pet ownership professionals had encountered in their work with older adults (OA), persons living with dementia (PWD), and care partners (i.e., caregivers, CP). An interdisciplinary (e.g., social services, healthcare) sample (N=360, 89.97% female, Mage=53.22, SDage=11.84) completed an on-line survey addressing pet ownership issues encountered in their work. A conventional content analysis was conducted to analyze the open-ended items asking the benefits and challenges they had encountered, as well as whether and if they had seen pets shape the relationships between OA/PWD and CPs. The final open-ended item asked for any other experiences or thoughts they would like to share on the issue of pet ownership in older adulthood. Preliminary analyses indicated the central benefits of pet ownership for OA and PWD was companionship. Common challenges were providing basic pet care (e.g., feeding, managing waste) and the financial aspect of ownership. Results indicated that family/caregiver assistance was necessary to keep a pet in an OA/PWD’s home and pets could be a source of caregiver burden. Pets provided OA a sense of purpose. Caring for the pet and the bond shared with the pet were also important resources for OA. Pets provided a focus of attention and were a source of engagement for PWD. Pets were a resource for the professionals to build rapport with their clients.
YEARS WITH AND WITHOUT HOME-BASED SERVICES FOR THE 70+ POPULATION IN NORWAY: TRENDS OVER THREE DECADES, 1995–2019
Authors: Gudjonsson Milan Chang , Michelet Mona , Strand Bjørn Heine
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Life expectancy (LE) is increasing worldwide, while there is a lack of information on years of home-based formal care use among the aging population. The current study examined the trend of LE for formal care use among Norwegian older adults over three decades 1995-2016 in Norway.

Methods

A total of 25,263 participants aged 70+ were included in the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) survey 2 (1995-97), 3 (2006-08), and 4 (2017-19). Participants reported the use of formal care services including practical help and home nursing. The prevalence of both service uses was standardized to the Norwegian population by age, sex, and education using post-stratification weights. LE was estimated using National mortality data by age, sex, and education combined with the formal service use data using the Sullivan method to estimate expected years with and without basic services and nursing services in Norway.

Results

During 1995/97-2017/19, the service use decreased from 22.6% to 6.2% for practical help and 6.4% to 5.5% for receiving home nursing. LE at age 70 from 1995 to 2016 increased 3.4 years in men, and 2.4 years in women. Expected years receiving practical help decreased by 1.1 years (2.6 to 1.5 years) in men and 1.6 years (4.5 to 2.9 years) in women, while LE for home nursing increased from 0.7 years (0.7 to 1.4 years) in men and 1.3 years (1.4 to 2.7 years) in women.

Conclusions

Years receiving home nursing increased during 1995-2016, while years receiving practical help care decreased in the older Norwegian population.
WHICH NEIGHBORHOOD FEATURES MATTER MOST FOR MUSCLE STRENGTH? FINDINGS FROM THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY
Authors: Duchowny Kate , Diaz-Ramirez L Grisell , Boscardin W John , Cawthon Peggy , Glymour Maria , Gomez Scarlett Lin
Published: December 2022

Linking data from the National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA) to the 2006-2018 Health and Retirement Study (N=22,245), we fit linear mixed models to assess which of 22 built and social neighborhood environment variables predicted grip strength, a measure of total-body muscle strength. Among 22,245 respondents (mean age=63 years, SD=9.2) with up to 4 grip strength measures, neighborhood physical disorder (B= -0.25 kg, 95% CI= -0.37,-0.13), number of parks (B= 0.05 kg, 95% CI= 0.01, 0.10), number of gyms/fitness centers (B=-0.44 kg, 95% CI= -0.82, -0.07), proportion of highly developed land (B=-2.06 kg, 95% CI=-4.06, -0.07), and % urban (B=-0.66 kg, 95% CI=-1.27, -0.05) were associated with grip strength level after adjustment. No social neighborhood variables were associated with grip strength. Although preliminary, findings suggest that highly developed urbanized land may be a barrier to maintaining muscle strength in later life, but resources such as parks are associated with better outcomes.
RISK OF DIABETES AMONG ADULTS AGING WITH VISION IMPAIRMENT: THE ROLE OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Clarke Philippa , Khan Anam , Mintus Kenzie , Ehrlich Joshua
Published: December 2022

Experiencing vision loss as a result of the aging process may be different from aging with vision impairment (VI) acquired earlier in life. Adults aging with VI may be at risk for Type-2 Diabetes (T2DM) due to community barriers in accessing health care, healthy food, and recreational resources. We examined the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and incident diabetes in 22,719 adults aging with VI (without prevalent T2DM) in a private medical claims database (2008-2019). The primary outcome was time to incident T2DM diagnosis over 3+ years of enrollment. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for incident diabetes (adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidities). Residence in neighborhoods with greater intersection density (HR=1.26) and traffic (HR=1.22) increased risk of T2DM, while broadband internet access (HR=0.67), optical stores (HR=0.62), supermarkets (HR=0.78), and gyms/fitness centers (HR=0.63) were associated with reduced risk. Results emphasize the importance of neighborhood context for aging well with VI.
CHROMATIN STATE AND MODIFICATIONS IN AGING
Authors: Sidoli Simone
Published: December 2022

Program Overview: In this symposium, the speakers will discuss how genomic stability and chromatin state are affected during aging using complementary perspectives, model systems and technology. Methods such as structural genomics, genome-wide mapping, super-resolution microscopy, mass spectrometry, and enzymology are utilized to describe hallmarks of aging in models such as C. elegans, mice, and 2D vs 3D human cell culture. Dr. Lakadamyali applies innovative super-resolution microscopy to visualize and quantify the spatial organization of chromatin with nanoscale spatial resolution in single cells, revealing how disordered patches at the nucleosomal level correlate with cell phenotype. Dr. Sen will present a multi-omics approach on murine models to reveal that aged cells organize a specific type of heterochromatin unable to self-interact over long distances. These findings expose that global chromatin alterations pose a barrier and promote a cellular state that is refractory to injury sensing and repair. Finally, Dr. Sidoli will describe how mass spectrometry is applied to investigate combinatorial histone modifications that benchmark regions of decondensed heterochromatin, and show the enrichment of unusual histone modifications in a cohort of centenarian patients.
WHAT SAVES A STRESSFUL DAY: PROTECTIVE ROLE OF POSITIVE AFFECTS AGAINST DAILY STRESS
Authors: Hong Joanna , Greaney Jody , Mogle Jacqueline , Almeida David
Published: December 2022

Experiencing a greater number of stressful days is associated with a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease. This study examined whether positive affect reactivity, the trait-like change in positive affect in response to daily stressors, moderates the association between the number of stressful days and blood pressure. Participants were 664 adults from the National Study of Daily Experiences II (Midlife in the United States sub-study). Participants reported stressors and positive affect across 8 days and provided resting blood pressure measures during a separate clinic visit. A greater number of stressful days was associated with increased systolic blood pressure, but only among individuals with higher positive affect reactivity (B = 15.11, SE = 6.36, p = 0.02). Results suggests that individuals who maintain positive affect when experiencing stressors may have lower risk of heightened systolic blood pressure, contributing to the growing evidence that positive affective reactivity may be protective against daily stress.