bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contemporary Entrepreneurship: Change process - Leadership – Innovation
Authors: Sefaj Dr. Oman
Published: October 2021

Change management is a key issue for the survival and realization of organizational objectives in today's business environment, which is changing in different ways. Change has become a necessary constant for companies that need to change in order to remain competitive in the market. The ability to manage this change is seen as a basic skill of successful enterprises in contemporary entrepreneurship. These changes are undoubtedly manifested both locally and internationally. Economic globalization as an integrator has caused these two levels to merge into one, causing the difference between them to fade. This integration has been very intense lately.

Leadership as the process by which an individual influences a group to achieve a common goal. Process means systematic and continuous actions and ways by which the leader influences subordinates. It should be noted that leadership is not a linear process but an interactive process and requires adaptation and innovation. Entrepreneurship and innovation in developing countries but also in developed countries in the contemporary era is influencing in all aspects of business development.

This research for Kosovo condition confirms the following results: that the change process is an integral and necessary part of day-to-day management in these enterprises, identifying leadership challenges in implementing the change process and adapting enterprises to the contemporary environment continues to be vital to performance profitability and competitiveness. Answering research questions requires testing the relationships between variables (type of change, process factors, and success of the change). Testing of these connections is enabled using quantitative methods. As a result, the use of questionnaires as a method for data collection in this paper enables: research and analysis of possible relationships between the variables taken in the study, and tends to 'open' issues that will be of interest to be explored in the future.

These leadership activities, adapting the efforts to maximize the existing opportunities in the environment of strong competition and following the contemporary development trends in the enterprise have been researched during the processes of change in the enterprise are: creating a strong leadership team to lead the processes, develop a vision to assist and guide efforts to achieve strategic objectives, designing and communicating the strategy to achieve the planned results, providing training and career development for employees to understand, reduce resistance and motivate to achieve the mission and vision of the enterprise.
The Joint Effect of Institutional Profile and National Innovation System on the types of Entrepreneurship
Authors: Khobdeh Mehdi Sharifi , Tayebinaz Sogand
Published: October 2021

While prior research has uncovered the impact of some national institutions on the general level of entrepreneurship in a country, there is still limited knowledge about the role of the institutional arrangements of a country on specific types of entrepreneurial activities, namely necessity versus opportunity entrepreneurship. To address this gap, we conduct a multilevel analysis using a sample of 10776 individuals from 55 diverse countries to examine how institutional factors (i.e., countries’ institutional profile and national innovation system) impact entrepreneur’s choice of pursuing a specific type of entrepreneurship. Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling, the findings indicate that neither institutional profile nor national innovation system (NIS) elements solely determine the choice between opportunity motivated entrepreneurship (OME) and necessity motivated entrepreneurship (NME); however, OME tends to be higher in instances when supportive institutional arrangements (regulatory, normative, and cognitive) toward entrepreneurship get coupled with national innovation system factors. The study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of embedded agency within the institutional logics perspective. It bridges the literature on individual and institutional antecedents of entrepreneurship. Further implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Hyper-Leading in an era of Hyper-Change
Authors: Ellington Dr. Linda
Published: October 2021

It is change, continuing change, inevitable change that is the dominant factor in society today. No sensible decision can be made any longer without considering not only the world as it is, but the world as it will be. One of the key challenges for future leaders is to effectively and constructively lead change that is taking place both within organizations and in the broader social and political spheres. It is not past patterns of change that matter, it is that the nature of change is changing. As hyper-change alters the governing domain, leaders will be forced to change the ways they govern and lead – enter hyper-leaders.

This article was written with three goals in mind: 1) to introduce strategies for an emerging style of leader; one who realizes that leadership is on the line and who must survive and thrive through the dangers of change, 2) to respond to a sansdemic drought, 3) to take notice of opportunities that act as accelerants to change which simply speed up the effects of a more nefarious and long-term volatile world.
Framework to Create Employee Engagement Culture in Saudi Banks
Authors: Seri Mohamed Al , McLauglin Patrick
Published: October 2021

Employee engagement has attracted widespread interest over the past twenty years from the practitioner network and researchers. It is claimed that organizations that focus on growing an engagement culture will result in increasing employee productiveness, the fulfilment of the organizational objectives, and competent employee retention. However, the fundamental issues revolving around the meaning and key antecedents of employee engagement nevertheless require similar research interest [2].

The Saudi Banks are an important component of Saudi Arabia’s financial system. In light of the emerging high volume of business activities, Saudi Banks are keen to inspire worker participation and employee engagement. This behaviour will allow banks to achieve sustainable business development.

In response to these issues, the present research offers the possibility to advance the knowledge of organizational culture’s influence on employee engagement. The present research adopts a qualitative approach, and the method used is a grounded theory. The data collection process adopted an issue focused approach. Interviews were conducted with banks managers and their subordinates (male- female). The findings of the present study indicate that the factors that make the greatest contribution to employee engagement were employee satisfaction, achievement recognition, and jobs that were in line with the employees’ competent. Furthermore, the results revealed that the Saudi national culture, which is rooted in Islamic belief, has an influence on employee engagement in Saudi banks. This influence manifested itself as Non-interests bearing transactions, and the female segregation rule. The outcomes of the present research contributes to the existing theory of employee engagement by providing empirical evidence regarding the engagement meaning construct and its distinctiveness from similar, alternative, well-established attitudinal constructs. Furthermore, the present research offers a framework consisting of the themes that emerged from the analysis of the present study, and the proposed interventions to maintain an employee engagement culture. Furthermore, a discussion of the analysis’ limitations and recommendations for future researches will be presented, and a conclusion will be drawn.
Analysis of the Price Change of the Azerbaijani Oil of Azeri Light, using the Monte-Carlo Method in the Conditions of Uncertainty
Authors: Nigar Nur-Mammadova
Published: October 2021

Purpose: This article examines the uncertain conditions of the oil industry in and post crisis period in Azerbaijan Republic in 2015-2017 and during COVID-19 in 2020.

Design/Methodology: Existing turmoil in the global economy and volatile oil prices affected the economies of the oil-producing countries. Such instability also affected the economy of Azerbaijan Republic and led to a decrease in its key economic indicators, which leads to apply specific methods for identifying risks and estimating its valuation.

Findings: The reasons of the sharp drop in oil and oil products demand have been analysed, using the Monte Carlo techniques and with its impact on Azerbaijan Republic as an example.

Practical implications: The author, compiling the forecast for the chosen methodology, clarified forecast for 2018 of oil price of Azerbaijani oil brand Azeri Light in an uncertain environment, and made forecast for coming years, based on these calculations.
New Education Policy 2020 of India: A Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Verma Dr. Hemlata , Kumar Adarsh
Published: October 2021

Education has a key and decisive role in this scenario of contingencies. The National Education Policy 2020 has therefore been transformed into the framework of this reform, which could help to build a new education system in the country, in addition to strengthening those economic and social indicators. That still needs to be improved. NEP 2020 provides for quality higher education through multidisciplinary universities and autonomous colleges. We have critically examined the policy in this paper and proposed changes to ensure a seamless continuum with its predecessor in addition to its predecessor, boosting its importance. The current paper describes the analysis of the requirements for NEP 2020 provisions and management practices at the university level. Recommendations are made for the design and implementation of NEPs at national and HEIs (Higher Education levels).
Improving Quality in Primary Care: A Model for Change
Authors: PonceVega Dr. Jose A. , Williams Dr. Irene A.
Published: October 2021

Health care spending accounts for 17.7% of the gross domestic product in the United States, and it is expected to continue rising at an annual rate of 5.3%. Despite high costs, health care quality lags behind other high-income countries; yet, over 70% of change initiatives fail. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies primary care leaders use for implementing quality improvement initiatives to improve patient outcomes and reduce waste in primary care facilities. The target population consisted of 3 health care leaders of 3 primary care facilities in southern California who successfully implemented quality improvement initiatives. The conceptual framework for this study was Kotter’s 8-step of change management. Data were collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews with senior health care leaders, document review, and quality reports. Patterns were identified through a rigorous process of data familiarization, data coding, and theme development and revision. Interpretations from the data were subjected to member-checking to ensure trustworthiness of the findings. Four themes emerged from this study: communication, leadership support, inclusive decision-making, and employee recognition.
Innovative Strategies for Small Retail Companies' Sustainability
Authors: Luamba Dr. Desire S. , Blye Dr. Marvin L. J. , Williams Dr. Irene A. , Chagadama Joel
Published: October 2021

Forty-one percent of small American retail companies fail to succeed beyond 5 years. The purpose of this multiple case study is to explore strategies small retail business owners need for sustainability beyond 5 years. This study's data were collected through face-to-face interviews with 4 small successful retail business owners located in the United States southeastern region. Based on the conceptual framework of Schumpeter’s innovation theory, the paper provides 3 strategies that may prevent failure and lead to small business sustainability: passion and determination, market development and customer satisfaction, and business model innovation.
Strategic Policies for a Sustainable World
Authors: Umana Mauricio Vladimir , Atencio Gabriel Silva
Published: October 2021

Based on the strategic needs of countries around the world, we propose some strategic policies that reflect the global needs of white spaces of innovation and establish territories of innovation for ecosystems, and a very important advance for human kind in social innovation.

The reality for clean technology and an inclusive capitalism on the base of the pyramid is a real need in a world with more than 4 billion living with less than $4 USD per day. Energy Use and Water Use demand the possibility of the existence of the humanity, because we have decades expended resources, for example the scarcity of water in Australia or the excess of crypto currency in Malta, only define a world with differences that maybe the technology but in our words the clean technology can get in the interconnected need with people of the poverty world.
Successful Strategies for Using Knowledge Management in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Authors: Nsubuga-Mugoa Dr. Josephine K. , Williams Dr. Irene A. , Gaytan Dr. Jorge
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that managers of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) use to effectively integrate knowledge management (KM) into business practices. The study population comprised of five managers from two SMEs operating in Uganda. The eligibility criteria were that participants had to be managers from Ugandan SMEs with a knowledge-intensive environment, with some responsibility of KM in the organization, and experienced with at least 1 year of successful KM practices. The conceptual framework for this study was theory z. Data were collected through face-to-face, semi-structured interviews, and reviews of company documents. Member checking was completed to strengthen credibility and trustworthiness.

Synthesis: After methodological triangulation of the data sources collected and completion of Yin’s 5-step process of data analysis, five themes emerged: having supportive leadership, ensuring sustainability, embedding KM practices in the organization culture, socialization, and embracing modern technology. The findings of this study might promote social change by supporting small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) managers’ use of KM to expand opportunities for employees to learn new skills and knowledge leading to the expansion of employment opportunities.
Anthropometry, dietetic habits and sleepiness in Ecuadorian adults
Authors: Sandoval Verónica , Vinueza María , Palate Carlos , Carpio José , Morejón Yadira , Carpio Tannia
Published: October 2021

The reduction of hours of sleep affects the physical and mental health of people. Having unhealthy sleep habits are associated with a greater occurrence of daytime sleepiness, which in turn has been related to poorer nutritional status. The objective of this study was to relate food intake, anthropometric measurements, and daytime sleepiness in Ecuadorian adults. Non-experimental, cross-sectional study, the sample included 400 men and women between 18 and 65 years of age, who attended an outpatient consultation of general medicine, family medicine, and traumatology services of a public hospital in Quito-Ecuador. Anthropometric and body composition measurements were measured using tetrapolar bio-impedance, following the recommendations of the International Society for the Advancement of Anthropometry (ISAK). Caloric intake was measured using a 24-hour recall and for daytime sleepiness (DS) the Epworth questionnaire was used. Statistical analyzes were performed using R. From the sample 56.5% presented DS, which affected women more frequently compared to men (p < 0.05). Differences were found between body measurements and dietary intake between groups of people with and without DS. Caloric intake, waist circumference, percentage of fat mass were higher in people with DS (p < 0.05), while muscle mass was higher in subjects without DS (p <0.05). No differences were found concerning visceral fat. We conclude that SD is related to less healthy values in terms of dietary intake and anthropometric measures.
Factores que limitan la adherencia a la dieta y la calidad de vida en enfermos celiacos chilenos durante COVID-19
Authors: Parada Alejandra , Espino Alberto , Reyes Alvaro , Santibañez Helga
Published: October 2021

Introducción La enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) es altamente contagiosa y las medidas de confinamiento dinámico han demostrado que reducen significativamente el número de contagios, sin embargo, pueden alterar la disponibilidad de alimentos afectando la adherencia a la dieta libre de gluten (DLG) y la calidad de vida (CV) en la enfermedad celiaca (EC). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los factores que limitan, la adherencia a la dieta libre de gluten y la calidad de vida en personas con enfermedad celiaca en periodo de pandemia por COVID-19. Métodos Se aplicaron encuestas on-line respecto a adherencia a la DLG, CV y acerca de los factores que han generado dificultad para llevar una DLG en este escenario. Resultados Se analizaron 216 encuestas de enfermos celiacos, mayores de 15 años, de los cuales un 91% eran mujeres con un promedio de edad de 36 + 10,7 años y con 5,8 + 6,0 años de enfermedad. El 56,48% tenía una excelente adherencia a la DLG y un 43,52% una buena CV. El costo elevado de los alimentos sin gluten fue la pregunta con mayor porcentaje de respuesta, asociándose con regular y mala adherencia a la DLG (valor p=0,001) y con pobre CV (valor p=0,023). Conclusión En periodo de pandemia por COVID-19, el costo de los alimentos se asocia con adherencia regular y mala a la DLG y con pobre CV.
Health risk behavior of Brazilian university men
Authors: Zaranza Luciana , Souza Mayara , Soares Divina , de Oliveira Juliana , de Oliveira Esther , da Silva Suelene , Ramírez Andrea
Published: October 2021

The insertion of men in the university environment is a complex and worrying phenomenon permeated by vulnerabilities, which are associated with the adoption of risky behaviors for health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the health behavior of Brazilian university men. A cross-sectional study with 663 men students. The study used a questionnaire on health-related life habits. All the questions were extracted from the Surveillance of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases through Telephone Interviews. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals and chi-square tests. The analysis of the joint relationships between nutritional status, physical activity and diet was conducted by the multiple correspondence analysis. Of the 663 students, 67.8% were between 20-29 years of age, 69.2% consumed alcohol, 34.5% did not do physical activity, and 34.2% were overweight. The students who did not engage in physical activity smoked more (p=0.05), consumed less fruit (p<0.01), less salad (p<0.01), and consumed full fat milk (p=0.05). In the physically inactive students, a high prevalence of acquiring diabetes mellitus (p<0.01) and high cholesterol (p<0.01) was observed. University students were found to have unhealthy lifestyles. More public policies aimed at promoting preventive measures at universities are needed to encourage healthier health behaviors
Variables sociofamiliares asociadas a mayor riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad abdominal en niños escolares de un servicio de pediatría en Colima, México
Authors: Ramírez Betania , Ramírez-López Guadalupe , Amezcua Martha , Caballero José
Published: October 2021

Con el fin de identificar la asociación entre factores familiares (estructura, funcionalidad y contexto socioeconómico) y la presencia de sobrepeso y obesidad abdominal en escolares, se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en 120 niños escolares (5-11 años) y sus madres que acudieron a un servicio de atención pediátrica en la ciudad de Colima, México. El sobrepeso se definió con el indicador IMC con un puntaje Z > +1 desviación estándar y la obesidad abdominal como circunferencia de cintura > del percentil 75 por sexo y edad. Se evaluó tamaño y tipo de familia, tipo de hogar, relación de los padres y funcionalidad familiar. Las asociaciones se analizaron con regresión logística múltiple. Se encontró 33% de sobrepeso y 33,7% de obesidad abdominal. El menor tamaño de la familia, la mayor marginalidad de la colonia (barrio) de residencia, la percepción de problemas en la economía familiar, el mayor peso al nacer y la mayor edad se asociaron con el sobrepeso. Mientras que el menor tamaño de la familia, el mayor peso al nacer y la mayor edad se asociaron con obesidad abdominal. Para programas de prevención de sobrepeso y obesidad abdominal, sugerimos incluir un enfoque de sistemas familiares que considere el tamaño de la familia y variables del contexto socioeconómico, ya que condicionan su dinámica de interacción.
Comparación de las Guías Alimentarias en nueve países de las Américas
Authors: Franch Carolina , Pemjean Isabel , Rodríguez Lorena , Hernández Paula , Ortega Alejandra
Published: October 2021

Las Guías Alimentarias Basadas en Alimentos (GABA) son un instrumento nacional de educación nutricional destinadas a la población general. En el contexto de alta prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, relacionadas con dietas inadecuadas, buscan contribuir a alcanzar mejores estándares de alimentación. En el contexto americano, de alta prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, las GABA forman parte de un conjunto de políticas gubernamentales para combatir estos problemas. El objetivo de este ensayo fue realizar un análisis comparativo de las GABA en nueve países americanos: Canadá, Chile, Estados Unidos, México, Paraguay, Colombia, Brasil, Uruguay y Argentina. Para la comparación se seleccionaron siete dimensiones generales: política, metodología, participación, mensajes, aspectos socioculturales, aspectos ambientales, y de implementación y evaluación, a partir de las recomendaciones para la elaboración de las GABA de organismos internacionales (FAO-OMS). Los resultados revelaron brechas en las guías de los países estudiados, destacando Brasil como uno de los países que pone mayor atención a la participación y a la incorporación de factores socioculturales en la producción de su documento. Mientras que Chile elude elementos como el género, el acceso y disponibilidad, la diversidad cultural, la sostenibilidad y los entornos alimentarios. Con guías alimentarias que abordan escasamente la propuesta FAO-OMS, es de esperar que en una futura actualización se consideren las dimensiones propuestas en un formato de desarrollo basado en la participación ciudadana, intersectorial y de expertos/as, fortaleciendo los aspectos socioculturales y ambientales.
Human Bocavirus in Children with Respiratory Tract Infection: Molecular and Serological Detection
Authors: Al-Shuwaikh Arwa
Published: October 2021

Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a parvovirus identified mostly in children under the age of two who have a respiratory illness. The goal of this study was to use molecular and serological techniques to investigate the prevalence of HBoV as well as the clinical characteristics of Iraqi children with respiratory tract infections (RTIs). The study included 91 children ranging in age from 1–36 months. Nasopharyngeal/throat swab samples were collected, processed and tested for HBoV DNA detection by Polymerase Chain Reaction. In addition, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to detect HBoV infection indirectly by measuring HBoV-IgM antibodies in serum. HBoV was found in 9.9% and 16.5% of samples, respectively, using the PCR and ELISA techniques. The ELISA test demonstrated a sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of 90.2%, 77.8% and 97.4%, respectively, when compared to PCR. HBoV infection was associated with clinical symptoms such as vomiting and asthma (P<0.05). The PCR technique was effective in detecting persistent HBoV infections in hospitalised children; however, combining it with an ELISA test improved the accuracy of diagnosing acute HBoV infections (rather than bystander/passenger RTIs) by assessing specific IgM antibodies in serum.

KEYWORDS
Chest infection, HBoV, ELISA, PCR, under-five children, Iraq
Daily Jordanian Press Coverage of the Coronavirus Epidemic: An Analytical Study Ali Munem Al Qudah
Authors: Al Qudah Ali
Published: October 2021

This research seeks to determine the value shown by the media coverage of the Coronavirus pandemic by Al Ghad, a Jordanian daily newspaper, by analysing the content of its coverage between December 2019 to December 2020. A descriptive and analytical approach was adopted to show how the newspaper’s coverage dealt with Coronavirus issues, using a content analysis tool for all types of journalistic editing used during the study period. This research mainly aims to determine the extent of the Coronavirus-related press coverage by the Jordanian newspaper Al Ghad and to assess the content value of this coverage. The results of the press coverage analysis showed that the ‘Research Sample’ section of Al Ghad had extensive and high-value coverage of the Coronavirus pandemic. The analysis also revealed a negative trend in the number of topics covered by Al Ghad newspaper during the study period.
Nonsymbolic numerosity in sets with illusory-contours exploits a context-sensitive, but contrast-insensitive, visual boundary formation process
Authors: Adriano Andrea , Rinaldi Luca , Girelli Luisa
Published: October 2021

The visual mechanisms underlying approximate numerical representation are still intensely debated because numerosity information is often confounded with continuous sensory cues (e.g., texture density, area, convex hull). However, numerosity is underestimated when a few items are connected by illusory contours (ICs) lines without changing other physical cues, suggesting in turn that numerosity processing may rely on discrete visual input. Yet, in these previous works, ICs were generated by black-on-gray inducers producing an illusory brightness enhancement, which could represent a further continuous sensory confound. To rule out this possibility, we tested participants in a numerical discrimination task in which we manipulated the alignment of 0, 2, or 4 pairs of open/closed inducers and their contrast polarity. In Experiment 1, aligned open inducers had only one polarity (all black or all white) generating ICs lines brighter or darker than the gray background. In Experiment 2, open inducers had always opposite contrast polarity (one black and one white inducer) generating ICs without strong brightness enhancement. In Experiment 3, reverse-contrast inducers were aligned but closed with a line preventing ICs completion. Results showed that underestimation triggered by ICs lines was independent of inducer contrast polarity in both Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, whereas no underestimation was found in Experiment 3. Taken together, these results suggest that mere brightness enhancement is not the primary cause of the numerosity underestimation induced by ICs lines. Rather, a boundary formation mechanism insensitive to contrast polarity may drive the effect, providing further support to the idea that numerosity processing exploits discrete inputs.
Features of inflammatory rheumatic diseases treatment in older people
Authors: Meshkov A. D. , Ostapenko V. S.
Published: October 2021

Currently the number of older people with chronic rheumatic diseases is increasing. Distinctive features of this population are the increased risk of cardiovascular and infectious diseases, tumours, as well as iatrogenic complications, while this group of patients is rather heterogeneous. On the one hand, modern biological and targeted synthetic drugs, provide new, previously inaccessible, treatment options; on the other hand, their use is associated with risk of side effects. In this review specifics of prescribing immunosuppressive drugs in older patients with rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis has been analyzed. An effective and safe approach to the use of these drugs in older people can be based on a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach, taking into account geriatric characteristics of the patients.
Features of marketing in healthcare (The example of medical tourism for the older adults)
Authors: Avraamova T. V. , Tkacheva O. N. , Ermakova S. E. , Khvatova N. T.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the directions of marketing in the field of healthcare, the essence of medical marketing, analyzes the distinctive features of marketing of medical tourism in older age. Based on the data from the literature and the results of our own research, the article concludes that marketing in medical tourism in the Russian Federation is in its infancy, a purposeful and consistent work is required to develop this area.
Geriatric portrait of patient with falls
Authors: Khovasova N. O. , Naumov A. V. , Tkacheva O. N. , Moroz V. I.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To assess the geriatric and somatic status of older patients with falls.Materials and methods. The study included 655 patients (81% of them women) with the age of 75.1±8.2 years hospitalized in geriatric departments. Depending on whether they experienced falls, the patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (332 people, 50.7%) consisting of patients who experienced at least one fall in the current year and group 2 (323 people, 49.3%) consisting of patients who did not experience any falls. The patients underwent general clinical tests and comprehensive geriatric assessment.Results. Half of the hospitalized patients over the age of 60 experienced falls, and among patients without a fall experience 50.8% had a high risk of falls. As a result of falls 246 (74.1%) patients suffered from bruises and abrasions of soft tissues, 36 (10.8%) patients had fractures of various localizations, 6 (1.8%) patients had traumatic brain injury (TBI). Patients of both groups were diagnosed with an average of 5 diseases while there were no differences in the nosological structure among patients of both groups. As a result of the performed comprehensive geriatric assessment patients with falls were significantly more often diagnosed with frailty, dementia, depression, visual impairment, gait and balance disorders as well as orthostatic reactions.
Instrumental diagnosis of osteosarcopenia in diagrams and tables
Authors: Naumov A. V. , Demenok D. V. , Onuchina Yu. S. , Khovasova N. O. , Moroz V. I. , Balaeva M. М.-B.
Published: October 2021

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are age-associated diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Osteosarcopenia, the presence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia. The prevalence of osteosarcopenia in older adults with failing was 37% and associated with higher rate of death. Diagnosis of osteosarcopenia consists of describing medical history of fractures, providing x-ray of the spine (if it is needed) and bone densitometry, calculation of Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX), evaluating muscle strength, mass, function. The most common exam which is used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) is dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA). Screening using the FRAX is recommended in all postmenopausal women and mеn over 50 in order to identify individuals with high probability of fractures. It is recommended to diagnose osteoporosis in patients with fragility fracture of large bones of the skeleton. Diagnosis of sarcopenia is consist of measures for three parameters: muscle strength, muscle quantity/quality and physical performance as an indicator of severity. Muscle strength can be measured with carpal dynamometry. Muscle mass can be evaluated dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (program «Whole body»). Muscle function can be evaluated with short physical performance battery (SPPB) tests. In this article described algorithm of diagnosis of osteosarcopenia.
A patient with chronic pain syndrome
Authors: Moroz V. I. , Balaeva M.. B. , Naumov A. V , Khovasova N. O.
Published: October 2021

This article describes a clinical case of a patient with chronic pain syndrome on the background of osteoarthritis, with a history of joint replacement. The reason for hospitalization was a fall, after which a constant pain syndrome persisted and a neuropathic component joined, which the patient could not stop with anything.As a result of a comprehensive geriatric assessment, the patient was diagnosed with frailty and the following geriatric syndromes: mild dependence on outside help, chronic pain syndrome, balance disorders, falls, stress urinary incontinence. Non-drug methods of treatment and complex therapy (gabapentin + B vitamins + uridine) and antiosteoporetic therapy were recommended, against which the intensity of the pain syndrome decreased to a mild degree (according to the VAS scale of 2 points at the time of discharge) and a decrease in neuropathy copatterns was noted.
Locomotive syndrome: a new view of fragility in older age
Authors: Naumov A. V. , Khovasova N. O. , Moroz V. I. , Meshkov A. D. , Manevich T. M. , Demenok D. V.
Published: October 2021

Locomotive syndrome is a geriatric syndrome that corresponds to the model of autonomy loss and the emergence of addictions due to pathology of the musculoskeletal system with a heavy medical and social burden. Combination of musculoskeletal system diseases, including osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, dorsopathy, sarcopenia, neuropathy, together with impaired physical functioning are the clinical characteristics of locomotive syndrome. Only comprehensive programs, including pain treatment, the risk of osteoporetic fractures, prevention of falls, correction of sarcopenia, physical training, psychotherapeutic methods, etc., can increase the mobility of patients with locomotive syndrome and help reduce addictions in older age.
Rationality and safety of acetylsalicylic acid therapy in centenarians
Authors: Alimova E. R. , Eruslanova K. A.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To assess the presence or absence of indications for taking acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), as well as the safety of therapy among centenarians according to clinical guidelines.Materials and methods. The study included 81 patients (71 women and 10 men). Inclusion criteria: patients 95 years and older (mean age 98.3 ± 1.89) receiving combination therapy, including ASA. In the study, the patients' history data on concomitant diseases and pharmacotherapy were assessed, a comprehensive examination (complete blood count (CBC), echocardiography) was performed. In our work, the results of these studies were analyzed, and statistical calculations were performed.Results. From the total number of patients included in the study, 41.9% regularly take ASA (n=34). In 41.7% (n=14) were taken as secondary prevention of cardiovascular events (the presence of a documented history of cardiovascular disease). According to current recommendations, 58.3% (n=20) of patients had no indications for a prescription. During the analysis among patients for whom according to clinical guidelines ASA therapy was not recommended, groups were identified in which the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) was increased: 30% (n=6) patients had a history of gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer, 20% (n=4) took drugs from the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 25% (n=3) of patients had thrombocytopenia. In 4 (15.6%) patients from these subgroups, several factors simultaneously increase gastrointestinal bleeding risk.Conclusions. From the total number of patients included in the study and prescribed with ASA, more than half had no indications for therapy; the vast majority of this group had additional risk factors for GIB development. At the same time, a quarter of all participants had indications, but therapy was not prescribed. Summarizing all of the mentioned above, before prescribing and continuing treatment with ASA, clinicians should analyze the therapy's feasibility and safety.
Nursing protocol: management of older and senile patients with pain syndrome
Authors: Tkacheva O. N. , Runikhina N. K. , Kotovskaya Yu. V. , Sharashkina N. V. , Lesina E. I.
Published: October 2021

Pain syndrome in older patients requires a number of diagnostic and therapeutic measures that are not always performed in everyday clinical practice, especially in older patients. Regularly assessing of chronic pain and organizing adequate care measures is an essential task when older patients nursing. Nurses who are most in contact with patients can play a leading role in screening and ensuring timely corrections.
Comparative characteristics of domestic and foreign experience of regulatory regulation of the tax on individuals of individuals in conditions society
Authors: BRYHINETS Oleksandr , NEVZOROV Ivan
Published: October 2021

The paper proves that personal income taxation always causes a number of heated debates in any state. The peculiarities of the normative fixing of the personal income tax rate in Ukraine and some countries are considered. It is determined that the development of a modern information system in our country provides real opportunities for large-scale effective transformations in the tax sphere. The author focuses on the fact that the personal income tax rate in different countries is based on the principle of differentiation. The application of a differentiated tax system has a scientific basis. The tax primarily has a regulatory and incentive function, and therefore with the help of a differentiated tax rate it is possible to make competitive entire sectors of the economy by establishing loyal tax regimes. It is this “social orientation” in tax reform that ensures the sustainable existence of a market economy and the absence of “shadow markets”. Also in many countries and in Ukraine the category of “marginal income” is used – the minimum income limit below which a person is exempt from paying tax. When forming appropriate amendments to the tax code, the principle of economy must be observed, which consists in reducing the costs of tax collection, streamlining the taxation system. One of the priority areas in the development of tax policy in our country should be its gradual socialization, which involves focusing not only on the implementation of the fiscal function of the tax, but also the implementation of the social function of the tax, aimed at universal values. In order to achieve social justice and increase the welfare of the people, it is necessary to take a set of economic, tax, administrative measures that work in a single direction and will allow to build a modern information society.
Case of “Levchuk vs Ukraine” and its importance for the protection of women from domestic violence in Ukraine
Authors: LOZINSKA Svitlana
Published: October 2021

The paper is devoted to the characterization and analysis of the content of the key positions of the European Court of Human Rights embodied in the judgment in Levchuk v. Ukraine and related to the protection of the right to a fair trial, the right to an effective remedy and the right to respect for private and family life in the context of the protection and restoration of the applicant`s violated rights in connection with the commission of domestic violence against her. Therefore the purpose of the paper is to establish the content of the ECtHR’s legal opinions and positions embodied in the judgment in Levchuk v. Ukraine in the light of combating domestic violence, protecting victims and the prospects of the Court’s impact on domestic violence prevention and protection in Ukraine.
Author states that the ECtHR's findings as to the need for the national court to take into account the risks of future physical and psychological violence by the applicant's ex-husband and cohabitant in deciding on his eviction as a realization of a right to an effective remedy not only per se, but also in an expedited trial. These components suggest that the Court in this case established a positive obligation on the part of the State of Ukraine through its judicial and law enforcement system to ensure the effective protection of the applicant from domestic violence.
It is argued that despite the application by the ECtHR in this case only individual measures in the form of payment of compensation to the applicant, the precedent nature of the judgment in Levchuk v. Ukraine and the Court’s legal findings in the context of combating domestic violence in our country can lead to gradual and thorough regulative and administrative changes, approaching the moment of ratification of the Istanbul Convention by Ukraine.
Staff of the enterprise: essence and approaches to definition
Authors: KOVTUNENKO Kseniia , KOVALCHUK Oleksandra , ATANASOV Mykola
Published: October 2021

At the present stage of development of Ukrainian enterprises, one of the most important resources – the staff of the enterprise – is becoming more and more relevant every day. In the context of the intellectualization of the economy, it is reasonable to say that the staff is one of the most dynamically developing components of the enterprise. Currently, there are many related terms to the concept of “staff”, which are often confused with each other, such as “personnel”, ”human resources”, and so on. Therefore, it is advisable to analyze the various approaches to the definition, to explore the difference between these concepts and to identify the essence of ”staff of the enterprise”.
Staff is an integral part of any modern enterprise, one of the most important resources that creates a unique value for an individual enterprise due to its own experience and specific qualities obtained in the process of working in a particular enterprise. Staff is a very multifaceted category, which with the development of economic thought develops, both in fact in enterprises, and the very concept is further developed. The study of the essence of the concept of “staff of the enterprise” is quite relevant, especially taking into account the changes that occur with the intellectualization of the economy.
There is a large number of published scientific papers devoted to the study of certain aspects of the staff of the enterprise, as well as issues of effective staff management. Great contribution to the study of this topic was made by such domestic and foreign experts as K. Marx, S.G. Strumlin, M.I. Rusinko, O.I. Sudakova, N.V. Filippova, I.M. Boychik, P.A. Maluev, N.V. Fedorova, N.P. Nikolenko, O.V. Krushelnytska, G.T. Zavinovska, et.al.
Genesis and evolution of establishment of a law-based state: the anthropological approach
Authors: METIL Anastasiia , PEREVERZA Iryna
Published: October 2021

Introduction. At the end of the twentieth century, globalization of the economy took place: mass migration, introduction of innovations in transport and communication technologies, growth of international finance, etc. This led to critical tension in a variety of spheres: social, economic, political.
The purpose of the paper is to study the features of the theories of the right state.
The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are modern theories, concepts, hypotheses. Comparative and anthropological analysis is used. The methodological and information basis of the work are scientific works, materials of periodicals, information resources.
Results. It is proved that it was the globalization of the world economy significantly influenced the change of theoretical approaches to the definition of a rule of law. The development of legal pluralism in the system of Anglo-American law school is analyzed. The world trends in the complexity of realization of legal pluralism are determined: re-nationalization of the noosphere, changing domains of the right registration of migration and global trade. The peculiarities of the introduction of legal documents-donors and recipient states are considered. Globalization processes require a creative search of asymmetric bonds, which lead to the creation of a social phenomenon – the law. The policy of global legal pluralism shows the deep involvement of neo-liberal legal projects of all actors.
Conclusion. The epistemological understanding of the analytical concept of legal pluralism is that any form of legal configuration affects or confuses statehood, regardless of whether this manifestation of cooperation, neglect, merger. The perception of global legal pluralism restored the meaning of the state in the present fragmented and dependent form in complex multiple social systems.
Assessment of environmental risks of space activities as a determinant of global security
Authors: HILORME Tetiana
Published: October 2021

The paper investigates environmental risks of space activities in ensuring the concept of Clean Space as an integral component of global security. It has been proven that man-made debris in orbital space reached catastrophic proportions which calls upon immediate changes with the purpose of sustainable development of space activities. The work incorporates an elaborated classification of environmental risks that occur in the process of space activities, divided into four groups: by the source of risk, by type of orbit, by cause and effect and by the possibility of influence. It has been determined that countries to have generated the most space debris objects are Russia (the USSR), USA and China. Ukrainian national legislation in the sphere of space activities is currently at the stage of harmonization with international space agencies. Numerous issues remain insufficiently substantiated: improvement of the Technical Regulations for space activities, Procedures of liability insurance for damage inflicted to the space object, since the respective insurance contract must be one of the documents mandatory for fulfilling international obligations of the state with regard to its accountability for any type of national space activities. It has been established that apart from the Kessler effect there also exists a temporality effect – the effect of ”lengthened” time combined with the effect of its acceleration (singularity) – accelerated development of situational changes. This affects the catastrophic state of space debris cluttering in Earth’s orbit since the launch of the first artificial satellite. The paper examines a particular range of risks in accordance with two phases of the technological lifespan of space systems – ‘Operation’ & ‘Utilization’. It is stipulated by the fact that namely in these phases there exists the highest probability of occurrence of major risks of “influence”. Prospects of further research consist in the development of the system for assessment of risks of influence at all phases of the technological lifespan of space systems: ‘Mission analysis/needs definition’; ‘Feasibility’; ‘Preliminary design’; ‘Detailed design’; ‘Qualification & Production’; ‘Operation’; ‘Utilization’.