bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thematic analysis bencana kebakaran di Sangatta Kalimantan Timur pada periode 2012-2022
Authors: Ruslan Zuhri
Published: January 2024

Kebakaran adalah bencana sosial yang kerap terjadi di Sangatta dan menimbulkan korban jiwa, kehilangan harta benda, serta menyisakan trauma. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menginvestigasi penyebab dan proses terjadinya peristiwa kebakaran di Sangatta. Penelitian ini menggunakan thematic analysis dengan mengumpulkan berita terkait kebakaran di Sangatta sepanjang periode 2012-2022, membuat kode, dan menarik tema dari data. Hasil penelitian dari 35 sampel peristiwa kebakaran menunjukkan kebakaran terjadi mayoritas disebabkan karena korsleting listrik dan kelalaian penggunaan kompor. Tipe rumah kayu dan semi permanen serta angin kencang mempermudah meluasnya peristiwa kebakaran. Saat terjadi kebakaran pemadam datang dalam waktu 30 menit dan kebakaran rata-rata dapat dipadamkan dalam waktu dua jam. Kesulitan proses memadamkan api adalah gapura masuk gang yang sempit, jalan gang yang kecil, kawasan padat penduduk, dan warga yang berkumpul mengakibatkan akses keluar masuk pemadam kebakaran menjadi sulit. Mobil pemadam perusahaan di sekitar Sangatta dalam beberapa peristiwa ikut membantu proses pemadaman api. Penelitian merekomendasikan beberapa solusi, diantaranya adalah penyediaan kendaraan roda tiga pemadam api untuk masuk ke dalam gang.
Training Community Leaders to Serve as Equal Partners in Research: Penn Community Scholars Program, 2015–2023
Authors: Solomon Sara R. , Belfiglio Andrew , Tuton Lucy Wolf , Thomas Nicole A.
Published: January 2024

An implementation and effectiveness evaluation of the Community Scholars Program was conducted at the University of Pennsylvania to enhance community capacity to collaborate with academics in mutually beneficial, equitable, and transformative research. Mixed methods were employed using administrative data, surveys, and key informant interviews. Participants expressed high satisfaction, valued interactive learning, and identified areas for improvement. The program increased knowledge and self-confidence in research-related skills and trust in the research process. The program serves as an institutional model to create long-term, mutually beneficial community–academic partnerships. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(3):284–288. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307549 )
Rate and Risk Factors for Contralateral Slippage in Adolescents Treated for Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Authors: Momtaz David , Mirghaderi Peyman , Gonuguntla Rishi , Singh Aaron , Mittal Mehul , Burbano Andres , Hosseinzadeh Pooya
Published: January 2024

Background:

After a unilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), the contralateral hip is at risk for a subsequent SCFE. However, further information with regard to risk factors involved in the development of contralateral SCFE must be investigated. The purpose of this study was to report the rate and risk factors for subsequent contralateral SCFE in adolescents treated for unilateral SCFE by exploring a mix of known and potential risk factors.

Methods:

A case-control study utilizing aggregated multi-institutional electronic medical record data between January 2003 and March 2023 was conducted. Patients <18 years of age diagnosed with SCFE who underwent surgical management were included. Variables associated with contralateral SCFE were identified using multivariable logistic regression models that adjusted for patient characteristics and time of the surgical procedure, providing adjusted odds ratios (ORs). The false discovery rate was accounted for via the Benjamini-Hochberg method.

Results:

In this study, 15.3% of patients developed contralateral SCFE at a mean (and standard error) of 296.53 ± 17.23 days and a median of 190 days following the initial SCFE. Increased thyrotropin (OR, 1.43 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04 to 1.97]; p = 0.022), diabetes mellitus (OR, 1.67 [95% CI, 1.22 to 2.49]; p = 0.005), severe obesity (OR, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.56 to 2.57]; p < 0.001), history of human growth hormone use (OR, 1.85 [95% CI, 1.10 to 3.38]; p = 0.032), low vitamin D (OR, 5.75 [95% CI, 2.23 to 13.83]; p < 0.001), younger age in boys (under 12 years of age: OR, 1.85 [95% CI, 1.37 to 2.43]; p < 0.001) and in girls (under 11 years of age: OR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.05 to 2.02]; p = 0.026), and tobacco exposure (OR, 2.43 [95% CI, 1.49 to 3.87]; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with increased odds of developing contralateral SCFE.

Conclusions:

In the largest study on this topic, we identified the rate, odds, and risk factors associated with development of contralateral SCFE. We found younger age, hypothyroidism, severe obesity, low vitamin D, diabetes mellitus, and a history of human growth hormone use to be independent risk factors. Our findings can aid clinical decision-making in at-risk patients.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Outsourcing contable y gestión tributaria en micro y pequeñas empresas de Lima metropolitana (Perú), 2022
Authors:   , Ballena Gaspar Kelly Yoselyn
Published: January 2024

En el presente trabajo de investigación titulado “Outsourcing contable y gestión tributaria en micro y pequeñas empresas de Lima Metropolitana, (Perú) 2022”, se buscó determinar la relación entre el outsourcing contable y gestión tributaria en micro y pequeñas empresas de Lima Metropolitana durante el 2022. La metodología aplicada fue bajo un estudio no experimental, transversal, correlacional, de enfoque cuantitativo; se consideró una muestra censal de 25 empresarios cuyos negocios se encuentran establecidos en diversos distritos de Lima Metropolitana. Para la obtención de resultados se usó el método de encuesta y el instrumento asignado fue el cuestionario tipo escala de Likert constituido por 20 preguntas que fueron aprobadas por los jueces expertos. Los resultados demostraron una relación directa y moderada entre las variables antes mencionadas; con respecto a la prueba de confiabilidad, se obtuvo para la primera variable 0.636 y en la segunda 0.605 (mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach) demostrando la confiabilidad del instrumento aplicado, y obteniendo un R de Pearson de 0.538 llegando a una conclusión de la validez de una relación positiva entre el outsourcing contable y gestión tributaria en Lima Metropolitana (Perú) durante el 2022.
Tsunami Height Estimation by Gaussian Process Regression Using Maximum Pressure Change and Arrival Time at Seafloor Sensors off the Kii Peninsula, Japan
Authors: Iwabuchi Yutaro , Baba Toshitaka , Hori Takane , Okada Masato , Igarashi Yasuhiko
Published: January 2024

The Dense Ocean-floor Network for Earthquakes and Tsunamis (DONET) was recently installed to monitor tsunamis in the Nankai trough.
In this study, an advanced tsunami prediction model using Gaussian process regression that is suitable for seafloor pressure observations is proposed.
The maximum tsunami height and tsunami arrival time observed at seafloor pressure sensors are used as explanatory variables.
Because tsunami data observed by ocean observatories are insufficient for constructing Gaussian regression relationships, numerical tsunami simulations are used for learning and validation.
After tsunami detection by DONET, the accuracy of tsunami height prediction along the coast is improved by considering the tsunami arrival time at seafloor pressure sensors. The proposed model enables rapid and effective estimation of coastal tsunami heights.
Recent status of Phase I clinical trials for brain tumors: a regulatory science study of exploratory efficacy endpoints
Authors: Watanabe Shinya , Nonaka Takahiro , Maeda Makoto , Yamada Masanobu , Sugii Narushi , Hashimoto Koichi , Takano Shingo , Koyanagi Tomoyoshi , Arakawa Yoshihiro , Ishikawa Eiichi
Published: January 2024

Background
Appropriate exploratory efficacy data from Phase I trials are vital for subsequent phases. Owing to the uniqueness of brain tumors (BTs), use of different strategies to evaluate efficacy is warranted. We studied exploratory efficacy evaluation in Phase I trials involving BTs.
Methods
Using Clarivate’s CortellisTM, 42 Phase I trials of BT interventions conducted from 2020 to 2022 were analyzed for efficacy endpoints, which were set as primary endpoints (PEs) or secondary endpoints (SEs). Additionally, these metrics were compared in two subgroups: trials including only BTs (Group-A) and those including BTs among mixed solid tumors (Group-B).
Results
Selected studies included a median of 1.5 PEs (range, 1–6) and 5 SEs (range, 0–19). Efficacy endpoints were included as PEs and SEs in 2 (5%) and 31 (78%) trials, respectively. Among the latter 31 trials that included 94 efficacy endpoints, 24, 22, 20, 9, and 8 reflected overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), duration of response (DOR), and disease control rate (DCR), respectively. ORR for BT was determined using various methods; however, the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors was used less frequently in Group-A than in Group-B (p = 0.0039).
Conclusions
Recent Phase I trials included efficacy endpoints as SEs, with ORR, PFS, or OS included in ~50% trials and DOR or DCR in ~25%. No established criteria exist for imaging evaluation of BTs. Phase I trials involving mixed solid tumor cohorts revealed challenges in designing methods to assess the exploratory efficacy of BTs.
Trends in mangrove canopy and cover in the Teacapan -Agua Brava Lagoon System (Marismas Nacionales), Mexico: An approach using open-access geospatial data
Authors: Berlanga-Robles César A.
Published: January 2024

Mangroves face multiple threats, including land cover and land use changes, overexploitation, and contamination, resulting in local, regional, and global impacts. Understanding these changes is essential for conserving these important coastal ecosystems. Remote sensing provides detailed and long-term data and offers an invaluable advantage in such analyses. This study focuses on the Teacapan-Agua Brava Lagoon System in Mexico, integrating a GIS with open-access geospatial data, multiple Landsat 5 satellite images, MODIS vegetation index data (MOD13Q1 v. 6.1), and thematic maps of mangrove cover from various sources to analyze change trends in mangrove canopy and cover. Using the Mangrove Vegetation Index (MVI), mangroves were effectively distinguished from other cover classes (overall accuracy = 92%, Kappa coefficient = 0.93), resulting in an estimated mangrove cover of 67,334 ha in 2005. The Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) time series from 2005 to 2022 revealed a generally positive trend in mangrove canopy (p < 0.0001). The principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering identified four distinct clusters with varying EVI profiles. Of the total mangrove area, 3% was vulnerable (negative trend), 29% exhibited no significant trend, and 58% was resilient (positive trend). Data from CONABIO and Clark Labs resulted in different deforestation and reforestation trends (average annual deforestation rate of -0.87% and average annual reforestation rate of 0.49%, respectively). These findings underscore the complex and diverse trends in mangrove cover and canopy, emphasizing the need for continued research, standardized mapping, and consistent remote sensing approaches to conserve and manage mangroves and their valuable ecosystem services.
Harmonizing quality improvement metrics across global trial networks to advance paediatric clinical trials delivery
Authors: Attar Sabah , Price Angie , Hovinga Collin , Stewart Breanne , Lacaze-Masmonteil Thierry , Bonifazi Fedele , Turner Mark A. , Fernandes Ricardo M
Published: January 2024

Background
Despite global efforts to improve paediatric clinical trials, significant delays continue in paediatric drug approvals. Collaboration between research networks is needed to address these delays. This paper is a first step to promote interoperability between paediatric networks from different jurisdictions by comparing drivers for, and content of, metrics about clinical trial conduct.
Methods
Three paediatric networks, that focus on novel drugs and work with industry and academic Sponsors, Institute for Advanced Clinical Trials for Children, the Maternal Infant Child and Youth Research Network and conect4children have developed metrics. We identified the goal and methodology of each network to select metrics. We described the metrics of each network through a survey. We mapped consistency and divergence and came to consensus about core metrics that these networks could share.
Results
Metric selection was driven by site quality improvement in one network (11 metrics), by network performance in one network (13 metrics), and by both in one network (5 metrics). The domains of metrics were research capacity/capability, site identification / feasibility, trial start-up, and recruitment /enrolment. The network driven by site quality improvement did not have indicators for capacity/capability or identification/feasibility. 15 metrics for trial start up and conduct were identified. Metrics related to site approvals were found in all three networks. The themes for metrics can inform the development of ‘shared’ metrics.
Conclusion
We found disparity in drivers, methodology and metrics. Collaborative work to define inter-operable metrics globally is necessary and an approach to this is outlined.
Distance Estimation Based on Step Frequency Using Accelerometer Data
Authors: Al-Naimat Rami M , Harahsheh Khawlah M , Chen Chung-Hao
Published: January 2024

In recent years, smartphone sensors have become one of the most important and easily available sensors to facilitate people's lives, especially in health care and positioning (indoor environments). However, the data coming from smartphone sensors can be distorted during the user’s movement such as irrelevant movements, walk mode, and speed of walking. This distortion (noise) impairs the estimated distance accuracy (accumulative error) which increases with increasing walking distance. In addition, the accuracy of the distance traveled is affected by the user's speed, as the speed affects the step length. This work proposes a novel approach for calculating step length in an indoor environment using data from a smartphone sensor. The contribution of this work is to determine the dynamic step length and to increase the accuracy of the distance traveled measurement, through the use of a step frequency that can provide the user's speed, and through the determination of the step error criterion that will be used in adjusting the distance traveled. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves 99.11 percent accuracy over existing approaches when a pedestrian is walking in multiple mode changes.
Comparison of drying systems in terms of energy consumption, effective mass diffusion, exergy efficiency and improvement-sustainability index in the valorizations of waste tomatoes by thermal processes
Authors: TAŞOVA Muhammed , DURSUN Samet Kaya , BAYRAM Nurullah
Published: January 2024

In this study, the effect of carrier agent added at the rates of 5% and 10% to tomatoes with physical defects that have no market value and the effects of convective (CD), vacuum (VD), hybrid (HD), temperature controlled microwave (MTCM) methods on the energy parameters of powder production processes were investigated. The products reached their final moisture values in the shortest time with the MTCM method and in the longest time with the CD method. Effective moisture diffusion varied between 8.01x10− 8-1.97x10− 6 m2/s. It has been determined that MTCM has the lowest energy consumption. SMER values of drying processes varied between 0.0018329–0.007384 kg/kWh. SEC values ranged between 546.76-135.42 kWh/kg. Exin, Exout, Exevap, Ex-Vdryer, Ex-Vdrying, SI and IP values of drying processes are 3.65–4.54 J/s, 3.13–3.43 J/s, 10.91–14.17 kJ/kg, 2.94–3.72, 0.72–0.90, respectively. The values varied between 3.60–9.99 and 0.34–0.91. It has been observed that the VD method is more advantageous than other drying methods in terms of exergy energy values. The MTCM method was found to be more advantageous in terms of drying time and energy consumption parameters.
Influence of supplementary cementitious material on CO2 balance of cracked RC members in their whole life cycle
Authors: Wang Xiao Hui , Tu Jing-Ting , Val Dimitri V.
Published: January 2024

The building construction industry is a significant source of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. To reduce CO2 emissions, supplementary cementitious materials are widely used in the concrete. At the same time, during the service life and post-demolition period of the reinforced concrete (RC) members, atmospheric CO2 is absorbed by carbonation. In the present paper, influence of the supplementary cementitious material (SCM) on CO2 balance, i.e., the difference between the CO2 emissions and uptakes, of cracked RC members in their whole life cycle (including the service and post-demolition periods) is evaluated. Three types of concrete — ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete and two ‘green’ concretes (one with 30% of fly ash (FA) and the other one with 50% ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS)), are considered. The carbonation depths in the cracked RC members are estimated based on the results of accelerated carbonation tests of cracked RC test specimens made from the same types of concrete. Corrosion initiation times, service life and repair times of the cracked RC beams are determined under different exposure conditions. Finally, the CO2 emissions and absorptions of the cracked RC members are assessed over their whole life cycle. The resulting CO2 balance assessments on cracked RC beams made from the same types of concrete in the test show that, from the view of the whole life cycle, the OPC RC members have a noticeably worse environmental impact than the RC members made from the GGBS concretes; while the RC members from the GGBS concrete are more environmentally friendly than those from the FA concrete.
Identifying Immune Cell Infiltration and Effective Diagnostic Biomarkers in DCM by Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Cao Ruifeng , Ji Junchen , Zhang Yang , Zhang Nuoqi , Ren Wenshuai , Wang Yaling
Published: January 2024

Background
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a primary cardiomyopathy of unknown etiology that is common in children and older adults. Nevertheless, the absence of noticeable symptoms and suitable biomarkers pose obstacles to the timely detection and management of DCM.
Results
By comparing samples from dilated cardiomyopathy and controls, 629 differentially expressed genes were identified. Combined with WGCAN results, a total of 13 hub genes were identified by finding the intersection of DEGs and OS-related modular genes. The ROC curve correction results showed that these hub genes had a good predictive ability for DCM, and the GO and KEGG results showed that the hub genes and related genes were mainly enriched in the transmembrane transport of transporters and nucleotide metabolism, suggesting that hub genes induced the occurrence of DCM by affecting normal transmembrane transport and metabolism of genetic materials. The results of immune cell infiltration also showed five types of immune cells (activated B cells, natural killer cells, CD56dim natural killer cells, macrophages, and monocytes) were significantly more infiltrated in the DCM group than in the control group, suggesting that DCM patients have a different immune microenvironment from ordinary people.
Conclusion
In this study, we used transcriptome technology to study DCM and identified 13 hub genes between the experimental and control groups, and subsequent validation demonstrated the potential of these hub genes as potential biomarkers for DCM. These findings may provide new insights into the clinical diagnosis of DCM.
Unraveling time-inhibition mechanisms in mammalian cell-free protein synthesis
Authors: Mansour Abbas , Kipper Kalle , Pulk Arto
Published: January 2024

We present a highly efficient human HEK293-based cell-free in vitro protein synthesis (CFPS) system that produces 300 µg/ml of reporter protein. The main challenge with the CFPS assay is its limited activity for a few hours, during which all protein is synthesized. If the activity of the CFPS system can be extended, more protein can be produced. The time-dependent inhibition has been studied in the yeast system, but not much is known in the mammalian system. We used the HEK293 CFPS assay to investigate the reasons for time inhibition. We observed that the main culprit is the energy regeneration system, which is depleted quickly. We also demonstrate that the CFPS assay can be used with other mammalian cells or tissues, as evidenced by the active human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y-based CFPS assay. We observe differences between the yeast and mammalian systems; for example, there is no need to add creatine kinase (CK) as the native CK is functional. This knowledge helps to reduce the costs of CFPS-based systems for biotechnological purposes.
Scale of sensitivity to bullshit: Development and evidence of validity in adult population
Authors: Ferrer-Urbina Rodrigo , Sepúlveda-Páez Geraldy , Rodríguez-Fuentes Bárbara
Published: January 2024

Research on misinformation has acquired great relevance in the era of social media given the massive social, sanitary and political impacts it has. In this context, fake information without any specific purpose (bullshit) is being spread with ease on social media. It is relevant to identify people's characteristics that could moderate the credibility that they give to misinformation. Sensitivity and receptivity to bullshit has evidence to be a relevant factor. However, despite the interest in this construct, the available instruments are scarce and generated from experimental expositions or ad hoc scales without enough psychometric support, which limits the development of related research. Hence, the purpose of this study was to develop a brief scale to be incorporated in large studies that contains evidence of reliability and validity to measure sensitivity to bullshit in the adult population. We conducted a psychometric study in general population, with a preliminary exploratory phase (n = 118) and a confirmatory phase (n = 603) using ESEM. The final instrument is constituted by 14 items and two dimensions (Sense and Nonsense). We present reliability evidence through McDonald’s omega along with internal validity evidence through ESEM. Furthermore, it has evidence of invariance between men and women and evidence of validity related to other variables (conspirations, paranormal beliefs, naive skepticism). Finally, we discussed the reaches and limitations of this instrument, as well as its possible application in social and health psychology.
Body weight and eating attitudes influence depression improvement in children with eating disorders: a prospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Suzuki Yuichi , Nagamitsu Shinichiro , Eshim Nobuoki , Inoue Takeshi , Otani Ryoko , Sakuta Ryoichi , Iguchi Toshiyuki , Ishii Ryuta , Uchida Soh , Okada Ayumi , Kitayama Shinji , Koyanagi Kenshi , Suzuki Yuki , Sumi Yoshino , Takamiya Shizuo , Fujii Chikako , Fukai Yoshimitsu
Published: January 2024

Background: Pediatric patients with eating disorders in a multicenter joint study on 11 facilities were enrolled and prospectively investigated to determine whether improvement in body weight, eating attitudes, and psychosocial factors in children with eating disorders would also improve depression.
Methods: In this study, 91 patients were enrolled between April 2014 and March 2016. The severity of underweight was assessed using the body mass index-standard deviation score (BMI-SDS), eating behavior was assessed using the children's eating attitude test (ChEAT26), the outcome of childhood eating disorders was assessed using the childhood eating disorder outcome scale, and depression was assessed using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) score.
Results: After 12 months of treatment, depression was evaluated in 62 of the 91 cases where it was evaluated at the initial phase. There was no difference in background characteristics between the included patients and the 29 patients who dropped out. A paired-sample t-test revealed a significant decrease in CDI scores after 12 months of treatment (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 2.401–7.373) and a significant increase in the BMI-SDS (p < 0.001, 95% CI: −2.41973–1.45321). Multiple regression analysis revealed that BMI-SDS and ChEAT26 scores at the initial phase were beneficial in CDI recovery. In addition, BMI-SDS at the initial phase was useful for predicting BMI-SDS recovery after 12 months of treatment.
Conclusions: Depression in children with eating disorders improved with therapeutic intervention on body weight and eating attitudes.
Trial registration: Not applicable.
Management of industrial wine residues: Physicochemical, bacterial and fungal dynamics during composting processes
Authors: Echeverría-Vega Alex , Espinoza-Mondaca Almendra , Arqueros-Sanhueza Eduardo , Mellado-Quintanilla Denisse , Roa-Roco Rosa , González Alvaro , Morales-Vera Rodrigo
Published: January 2024

Composting is a process of exothermic oxidative microbial degradation and stabilization of organic residues. The microorganisms driving the process, which are determined by temperature, change during the different phases. The main objective of this research was to study both physicochemical and microbiological dynamics during the composting process of wine industry residues composed by exhausted grape pomace and stalks supplemented by sludge from a winery wastewater treatment plant. Three composting windrows of 41 m3 were constructed with 0, 10 and 20% sludge addition. Physical–chemical parameters were assessed following the Test Method for the Examination of Composting and Compost (TMECC), and the diversity and dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities involved in this process were assessed by a high-throughput sequencing metabarcoding approach. After six months of aerated turned windrow composting, it was observed that the addition of sludge increased moisture, bulk density, and pH. No effect of the sludge on the macronutrient composition of compost was observed. Bacterial and fungal dynamics showed significant differences depending on the addition of sludge and a high amount of beneficial microorganisms and a low presence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms in the final compost. Beneficial fungal phosphorus solubilizers, such as Aspergillus and Talaromyces, were found. Streptomyces and Mycobacterium were the most abundant beneficial bacteria. Finally, the addition of sludge results in a significant increase in the percentage of beneficial microorganisms in the final products.
Arthrodesis of distal interphalangeal and thumb interphalangeal joint: a retrospective cohort study of 149 cases
Authors: Silvano Philip , Pantzar-Castilla Evelina , Lundqvist Eva
Published: January 2024

Background
Arthrodesis of finger joints is often the last line of treatment of severe pain due to osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or mallet finger. At the Department of Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, Örebro University Hospital in Sweden, the Kirschner-wire technique was standard until 2020, when the headless compression screw technique was introduced as a complement. There is no consensus on which method is superior. The purpose of this study was to examine the outcomes and complications associated with distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint and thumb interphalangeal (IP) joint arthrodesis, and to see whether these correlated with patient-dependent and treatment-related factors.
Methods
In a retrospective cohort study, we evaluated a total of 149 consecutive arthrodeses (118 DIP joint and 31 thumb IP joint) performed at Örebro University Hospital between 2012 and 2022. The primary outcome was risk factors for complications after arthrodesis.
Results
Osteoarthritis was the most common indication (56%) for arthrodesis. The majority of the patients were females (74%), and the median age was 62 (range 18–86). The complication frequency was 35%, with infection being the most common (25%). Time to completed follow up was < 12 weeks in the majority of the cases (58%). There were no significant differences in complication rate between the 136 joints operated using Kirschner wire and the 13 joints operated using headless compression screws. There was no significant increased risk of complications among smokers or patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Diabetes and surgeon experience had a significant influence on the risk of complication (p = 0.036 and p = 0.006, respectively).
Conclusions
Osteoarthritis was the most common indication for arthrodesis and postoperative complications occurred at a rate similar to that reported in the existing literature. Diabetes and surgeon experience were identified as factors increasing the risk of postoperative complications in these DIP/thumb IP joint arthrodeses. However, there was no significant difference between the two techniques (Kirschner wire and headless compression screws) regarding complications. Further studies are needed in order to determine the optimal type of operation and choice of implant.
Trial registration: Researchweb CRIS #280998, 26th of July 2023
Statins In High Risk Populations For Primary And Secondary Prevention, Do We Need To Do More?
Authors: Kitchlew Rizwana , Mukhtar Haseeb , Farooqi Mobeen , Ijaz Muhammad Tayyab , Aslam Zainab
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
Pakistan grapples with a substantial prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, notably diabetes and hypertension. Statin therapy's well-established role in preventing cardiovascular events aligns with the 2022 USPSTF and the AHA/ACC 2018 guidelines for primary and secondary prevention of CVD. This study aims to scrutinize the prevailing practices of statin prescription within the Pakistani population and identify potential gaps necessitating attention.
Method:
Using convenience sampling, data was collected in person via face-to-face interviews. A self-designed questionnaire was employed, with subjects providing informed consent. Approval from the Ethical Review Committee of CMH LMC & IOD was obtained. A sample of 400, surpassing the calculated size of 385, was collected, and IBM-SPSS-23 facilitated data entry and statistical analysis.
Result:
Approximately 69% of participants were on statins, exhibiting a mean usage duration of 52 months. The majority (95.5%) of subjects were aged 40 or older, predominantly male, and residing in urban areas. Prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus was 73.8% and 67.8%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis indicated significantly higher odds of statin use among individuals with a matriculation-level educational background. The sample was stratified into group 1 (primary prevention, n=256) and group 2 (secondary prevention, n=141). 57.8% and 90.1% patients were on statins in the two groups respectively.
Conclusion:
Our study affirms the elevated prevalence of CVD risk factors in the Pakistani population. Significantly, notable disparities were observed between established guidelines and the current practices of statin prescription, underscoring the imperative for targeted interventions to bridge these gaps.
Comparative Study on Convolutional Neural Network and Regression Analysis to Evaluate Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Sandy Dolomite
Authors: Xu Wei , Wang Meiqian , Liu Wenlian , Liu Haiming , Li Hongmei , Wang Qinghua
Published: January 2024

Sandy dolomite is a kind of widely distributed rock. The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of sandy dolomite is an important metric in the application in civil engineering, geotechnical engineering, and underground engineering. Direct measurement of UCS is costly, time-consuming, and even infeasible in some cases. To address this problem, we establish an indirect measuring method based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) and regression analysis (RA). The new method is straightforward and effective for UCS prediction, and has significant practical implications. To evaluate the performance of the new method, 158 dolomite samples of different sandification grades are collected for testing their UCS along and near the Yuxi section of the Central Yunnan Water Diversion (CYWD) Project in Yunnan Province, Southwest of China. Two regression equations with high correlation coefficients are established according to the RA results, to predict the UCS of sandy dolomites. Moreover, the minimum thickness of sandy dolomite was determined by the Schmidt hammer rebound test. Results show that CNN outperforms RA in terms of prediction the precision of sandy dolomite UCS. In addition, CNN can effectively deal with uncertainty in test results, making it one of the most effective tools for predicting the UCS of sandy dolomite.
Neuropathic-Like Symptoms as Preoperative Predictor for Chronic Postsurgical Pain and Dissatisfaction in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Patients
Authors: Blikman Tim , Akker-Scheek Inge , Raaij Tom. M. , Dijkstra Baukje , Bulstra Sjoerd K. , Stevens Martin
Published: January 2024

Background
A significant portion of total knee and hip arthroplasty (TKA/THA) patients experience chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). The proportion of suffering patients runs in the 10–34% range. CPSP is the main cause of postoperative dissatisfaction. For prevention purposes it is essential to know which preoperative factors are predictive for CPSP. It is unknown whether neuropathic-like symptoms add predictive value to known predictors for CPSP and dissatisfaction after TKA/THA.
Methods
A prospective cohort study including 453 TKA/THA patients (TKA 208, THA 245). Preoperatively, pain intensity (numeric rating scale [NRS]) and neuropathic-like symptoms (modified-painDETECT questionnaire [mPDQ]; score ≥ 13) were obtained. One year postoperatively CPSP and dissatisfaction (single NRS item (0–10); dissatisfied: ≤ 5) was captured. CPSP by means of the Oxford Knee/Hip Score (moderate or severe pain on question 1), as well by pain intensity at rest and with movement (NRS ≥ 1). Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to determine the additive predictive value of preoperative neuropathic-like symptoms (mPDQ ≥ 13) on experiencing CPSP and dissatisfaction for the total group and knee and hip patients separately.
Results
The odds (p < 0.05) of experiencing CPSP at one year ranged from 2.16 (total group) to 4.15 (hip patients) for patients that experienced neuropathic-like symptoms preoperatively (m-PDQ ≥ 13). Neuropathic-like symptoms had no additional value for predicting CPSP in knee patients nor for predicting dissatisfaction.
Conclusion
The results of this study showed that neuropathic-like symptoms (m-PDQ ≥ 13) have an additional predictive value over known predictors, especially in hip patients. Patients with neuropathic-like symptoms have over twice the odds of suffering from CPSP one year after TKA/THA.
Epidemiological characteristics of eleven common respiratory viral infections in children
Authors: Li Suling , Xue Zhengfeng , Feng Yuxin , Zhou Xue , Qi Yang , Feng Na , Li Yuanxia
Published: January 2024

Background Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are one of the leading causes of hospital admissions among children. In this study, we aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics of viral pathogens associated with LRTIs in hospitalized children in Yan'an; this has yet to be reported in the literature and may guide public health interventions and resource allocation in this region.
Methods Between June 2021 and May 2023, we conducted a retrospective analysis of the results of viral detection using oral pharyngeal swabs from 4565 children with LRTIs in the Inpatient Department of Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital. Eleven respiratory viruses, including influenza A virus (Flu A), influenza A H1N1 virus (H1N1), seasonal influenza A H3N2 virus (H3N2), influenza B virus (Flu B), parainfluenza virus (HPIV), adenovirus (HADV), bocavirus (HBoV), rhinovirus (HRV), metapneumovirus (HNPV), coronavirus (HCoV), and respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), were confirmed by applying a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kit for respiratory viruses. We evaluated the epidemiological features of infections caused by respiratory pathogens, including aging and the seasonal variations of different pathogens, and explored the high-risk factors associated with virus-caused pneumonia.
Results At least one virus was detected in all 4565 cases; the positivity rate was 27.95%. We also detected a total of 1,276 cases with mixed infections (with two or more viruses). Of the positive cases, 59.3% were male and 40.7% were female (x2 = 0.41, P = 0.68). The highest positivity rates for respiratory pathogens were observed for HRSV, HRV, and HADV, at 5.98%, 5.67%, and 4.38%, respectively. We also observed variations in the number and positivity rates of respiratory pathogen infections by season and age. HPIV (x2 = 12.05，P < 0.05) and HADV (x2 = 11.73，P < 0.05) were more common in children under 3 years-of-age.
Conclusions In conclusion, our analysis revealed that respiratory pathogen infections varied by gender, season, and age in the enrolled population of children.
Developing a distributed modeling framework considering the spatiotemporally varying hydrological processes for sub-daily flood forecasting in semi-humid and semi-arid watersheds
Authors: Li Xiaoyang , Ye Lei , Gu Xuezhi , Chu Jinggang , Wang Jin , Zhang Chi , Zhou Huicheng
Published: January 2024

The complex and varied climate, short duration and high intensity of rainfall, and complicated subsurface properties of semi-humid and semi-arid watersheds pose challenges for sub-daily flood forecasting. Previous studies revealed that lumped models are insufficient because they do not effectively account for the spatial variability of hydrological processes. Extending the lumped model to a distributed modeling framework is a reliable approach for runoff simulation. However, existing distributed models do not adequately characterize the strong spatiotemporal variability of the sub-daily hydrological processes in semi-humid and semi-arid watersheds. To address the above concerns, a distributed modeling framework was proposed that is extended by lumped models and accounts for the effects of time-varying rainfall intensity and reservoir regulation on hydrological processes. Moreover, the Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (FAST) method is performed to identify the sensitive parameters for efficient calibration. To evaluate the performance of the proposed distributed model, it was tested in eight watersheds. The results indicate that the proposed distributed model simulates sub-daily flood events with mean evaluation metrics of 0.80, 9.2%, 13.0%, and 1.05 for NSE, BIAS, RPE, and PTE, respectively, superior to the lumped model. Furthermore, to further evaluate the difference between the proposed distributed model and the existing distributed models, it was compared with the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model at various time steps, including 3h, 6h, 12h, and24 h. The proposed distributed model was able to better capture the flooding processes at shorter time steps, especially 3 h. Therefore, it can be considered a practical tool for sub-daily flood forecasting in semi-humid and semi-arid watersheds.
Passive imaging through inhomogeneous scattering media
Authors: Bian Yaoming , Wang Fei , Liu Haishan , Yuan Haiming , Li Siteng , Huang Wenxin , Situ Guohai
Published: January 2024

According to the atmospheric scattering model (ASM), the object signal's attenuation diminishes exponentially as the imaging distance increases. This imposes limitations on ASM-based methods in situations where the scattering medium one wish to look through is inhomogeneous. Here, we extend ASM by taking into account the spatial variation of the medium density, and propose a two-step method for imaging through inhomogeneous scattering media. In the first step, the proposed method eliminates the direct current component of the scattered pattern by subscribing to the estimated global distribution (background). In the second step, it eliminates the randomized components of the scattered light by using threshold truncation, followed by the histogram equalization to further enhance the contrast. Outdoor experiments were carried out to demonstrate the proposed method.
Continuously Fiber Path Optimization Based on Gaussian Distribution Function with Convergent Material Orientation
Authors: Zhang Leen , Lu Qian , Hua Yilian , Wang Xiaoping
Published: January 2024

How to optimize the fiber placementpath is of great significance for improving the mechanical properties of composite material. Fiber orientation discretization is regarded as a common means to solve the above problem, and themethod with multivariate is generally adopted to find the optimal fiber angle. However, the cost is high, and eventually there are still multiple discrete angles as the result, which cannot meet the ultimate requirements of fiber orientation convergence and path continuity. Therefore, an optimization method of fiber placement path based on Gaussian distribution function is proposed, where only one variable is used to select the optimized angle among any number of discrete placement angles. By adjusting several parameters in the Gaussian distribution function, the fiber orientation is converged, and the path continuity is realized by the spatial filtering. New method can be used to avoid the multiple local minima problem found in fiber orientation discretization process. Numerical experiments are carried out to optimize the fiber placement path of aerofoil skin and rocket interstagesection skin respectively, which shows the efficiency of the proposed method.
One-stop hybrid operation versus microsurgery for treating brain arteriovenous malformation in children--A retrospective case series
Authors: Fan Chen , Haibing Liu , Jianbin Ying , Qingshuang Zhao , Kaiming Chen , Jingfang Hong , Qinchuan Liang , Junjie Jing
Published: January 2024

Background
Brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is one of the most common causes of cerebral hemorrhage in children. The effectiveness of one-stop hybrid operation in the treatment of AVMs in adults has been widely confirmed, but there are few studies in children. This study intends to analyze the role and significance of one-stop hybrid operation versus microsurgery in the treatment of AVMs in children by retrospective analysis.
Methods
A total of 57 children (≤ 18 years old) with AVMs who were admitted to the 900th Hospital of United Logistics Support Forces and Fujian Children's Hospital between September 2018 and August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the inclusive criteria and exclusion criteria, 38 cases were included, and they were divided into microsurgery group (25 cases) and hybrid operation group (13 cases) according to the different treatment modalities. Observation indicators included clinical characteristics: gender, age, initial symptom, presence or absence of signs, GCS score, Hunt-Hess grade; imaging characteristics such as the location of AVMs, Spetzler-Martin (S-M) grade, whether accompanied by intraventricular hemorrhage, treatment and prognosis indicators such as intraoperative blood loss, operation time, imaging cure, postoperative complications, hospital stay, and 3 months and 6 months mRS after operation.
Results
The proportion of female patients (P = 0.042), the proportion of patients whose AVMs was located on the supratentorial (P = 0.034) and the proportion of patients whose S-M grade was above grade III (P = 0.003) in the hybrid operation group were higher than those of the microsurgery group. The intraoperative blood loss (P < 0.001), operation time (P < 0.001) and postoperative hospital stay (P = 0.024) of patients in the microsurgery group were higher than those in the hybrid operation group. The presence of signs and S-M grade may be relevant factors in predicting the surgical approach, and the probability of selecting hybrid operation for each step of increasing S-M grade is 3.046 times that of microsurgery.
Conclusions
One-stop hybrid operation is effective and safe for the treatment of brain AVMs in children. High S-M grade of AVMs is more suitable for hybrid operation.
Approaches to Embryonic Neurodevelopment: From Neural Cell to Neural Tube Formation through Mathematical Models
Authors: Rafati Ali H. , Joca Sâmia , Vontell Regina T. , Wegener Gregers , Ardalan Maryam
Published: January 2024

The human central nervous system (CNS) undergoes development from early embryonic stages to well beyond birth, with various neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases originating from prenatal events. Mathematical models offer a direct avenue for understanding these neurodevelopmental processes, particularly during the embryonic period. However, approaching and initiating such modeling presents challenges, including the formulation of appropriate equations that capture the dynamics of neurodevelopment.Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively address the mathematical challenges by exploring different approaches. The approaches were divided into three embryonical categories: cell division, neural tube growth and neural plate growth. We concluded that the neural plate growth approach provides a suitable platform for simulation of brain formation/neurodevelopment compared to cell division and neural tube growth. We devised a novel equation and designed algorithms that include geometrical and topological algorithms that could fit most of the essential elements of the neurodevelopmental process during the embryonic period.
Rapid developmental changes in retinal organoids after brief exposure to extrinsic electrical fields
Authors: Thomas Biju , Nair Deepthi S. Rajendran , Gupta Anika , Iseri Ege , Shehi Andrea , Wei Tianyuan , Quach Le Tam Phuong , Seiler Magdalene , Lazzi Gianluca
Published: January 2024

Considering the significant role played by both intrinsic and extrinsic electric fields in the growth and maturation of the central nervous system, the impact of short exposure to external electric fields on the development and differentiation of retinal organoids was investigated. Organoids derived from human embryonic stem cells at day 80, a critical time point in their differentiation and maturation, were used. A single 60-minute exposure to distinct biphasic electrical fields expedited the commitment and maturation of the photoreceptor lineage. Morphology, qPCR, and RNA sequencing data revealed elevated expression of rod photoreceptors, muller cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells, alongside the downregulation of retinal pigment epithelium and retinal ganglion cell genes. Furthermore, our study demonstrated varying degrees of organoid development and maturation depending on the specific electrical field applied. These findings provide valuable insights into the profound influence of extrinsic electrical fields on early retinal development and emphasize that several existing limitations in retinal organoid technology can be easily overcome by using suitable electrical field parameters without applying chemicals and small molecules.
Isolated persistent left superior vena cava in adults: A case report and brief literature review
Authors: Zhang Dian , Pan Mei-Fang
Published: January 2024

Background
Isolated persistent left superior vena cava is an extremely rare congenital anomaly. Due to abnormal venous drainage, isolated persistent left superior vena cava is often associated with abnormalities in the cardiac conduction system, leading to rapid or slow arrhythmias.
Case presentation:
We report a 37-year-old asymptomatic male patient who accidentally discovered isolated persistent left superior vena cava through chest echocardiography during routine physical examination. The patient has no history of cyanosis, breathing difficulties, chest pain, or family history of heart disease.
Conclusions
Although isolated persistent left superior vena cava patients are often asymptomatic in the early stages, it may increase the risk of central venous access, cardiothoracic surgery, and pacemaker implantation. Noninvasive echocardiography can provide a basis for early diagnosis of asymptomatic patients and has certain clinical significance.