bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Eurocentric World Literature to Global World Literature
Authors: Kim Jae-yong
Published: February 2016

Editors’ Note: Among the liveliest and most ambitious journals in world literary studies today is the biennial Korean journal Chigujŏk segye munhak (Global World Literature), edited by Kim Jae-yong. Professor of modern Korean literature and world literature at Wonkwang University in Iksan, South Korea. Kim is the author and editor or co-editor of numerous books on Korean and world literature, including Hyŏmnyŏk kwa chŏhang (Collaboration and Resistance, 2004), Segye munhak ŭrosŏ ŭi asia munhak (Asian Literature as World Literature, 2012), and Rat Fire: Korean Stories from the Japanese Empire (2013). The following essay, translated for JWL by John Kim, is an expanded version of Kim Jae-young’s programmatic essay for his journal’s first issue (Spring 2013), in which he sets out the rationale for the journal as a counter to the persistent Euro-American-centrism of much world literary study, both in the West and in Asia itself. Genuinely global in its presentation of world literature, the journal is published in Korean and is designed for a broad scholarly and general readership in South Korea, providing a notable example of the contemporary development of world literary studies within a distinct national context.
Holger Uhlich, Karel (C.A.J.) Kreutz & Stefan Rätzel (2015) A contribution to the taxonomy and phytogeography of Orobanche alba Steph. ex Willd. (Orobanchaceae). Phytotaxa 222 (1): 1–16.
Authors: Uhlich Holger , Kreutz C.A.J. , Rätzel Stefan
Published: February 2016

The authors present new knowledge on the biology and distribution of the poorly known Orobanche alba f. cuprea (= O. cuprea) and suggest its reclassification as a subspecies. Furthermore, the authors present recent data on biology and distribution of Orobanche alba subsp. xanthostigma. Distribution maps are shown for both taxa. Thymbra capitata and Thymus integer are recorded as new hosts for O. alba subsp. cuprea and Clinopodium vulgare s. l. for O. alba subsp. xanthostigma. Further information on the taxonomic assessment of other infraspecific taxa of O. alba are given as follows: O. alba f. maxima (= O. alba subsp. major) is promoted to the rank of variety based on a discovered earlier valid name; O. alba subsp. alba var. bidentata is rejected as an autonomous taxon and incorporated in the variability of the species.
A new subspecies of Grammosciadium macrodon Boiss. (Apiaceae) from Turkey
Authors: Bani Baris , KOCH MARCUS A.
Published: February 2016

Grammosciadium macrodon subsp. nezaketae is described as endemic to Eastern Anatolia. The new subspecies differs remarkably from the G. macrodon subsp. macrodon based on fruit characters. In addition to the diagnostic fruit characters, other significant morphological and anatomical differences between these two taxa are presented as well. A quantitative, morphometric analysis was carried out to achieve more reasonable results and to discuss diagnostic characters in Grammosciadium macrodon and its morphologically closest relatives.
Selaginella salinoi (Selaginellaceae), a new species from Brazil
Authors: Góes-Neto Luiz Armando De Araújo , Heringer Gustavo , Salino Alexandre
Published: February 2016

A species of Selaginella from Parque Nacional do Caparaó, in Espírito Santo State, southeastern Brazil, is described as new to the science: Selaginella salinoi grows on rocks in Atlantic Rainforest vegetation at ca. 1200 m. The description includes photos of live plants and, scanning electron micrographs.
Mucuna chiapaneca (Leguminosae—Papilionoideae) a new species from Mexico
Authors: Sousa Mario , Moura Tania Maria de
Published: February 2016

Mucuna chiapaneca a new species from Chiapas, Mexico is here described, and illustrated. Six species of Mucuna occur in Mexico, two of them are endemic. A table is provided giving the diagnostic characteristics among the six species.
Surface Arctic Amplification Factors in CMIP5 Models: Land and Oceanic Surfaces and Seasonality
Authors: Laîné Alexandre , Yoshimori Masakazu , Abe-Ouchi Ayako
Published: February 2016

Arctic amplification (AA) is a major characteristic of observed global warming, yet the different mechanisms responsible for it and their quantification are still under investigation. In this study, the roles of different factors contributing to local surface warming are quantified using the radiative kernel method applied at the surface after 100 years of global warming under a representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) scenario simulated by 32 climate models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. The warming factors and their seasonality for land and oceanic surfaces were investigated separately and for different domains within each surface type where mechanisms differ. Common factors contribute to both land and oceanic surface warming: tropospheric-mean atmospheric warming and greenhouse gas increases (mostly through water vapor feedback) for both tropical and Arctic regions, nonbarotropic warming and surface warming sensitivity effects (negative in the tropics, positive in the Arctic), and warming cloud feedback in the Arctic in winter. Some mechanisms differ between land and oceanic surfaces: sensible and latent heat flux in the tropics, albedo feedback peaking at different times of the year in the Arctic due to different mean latitudes, a very large summer energy uptake and winter release by the Arctic Ocean, and a large evaporation enhancement in winter over the Arctic Ocean, whereas the peak occurs in summer over the ice-free Arctic land. The oceanic anomalous energy uptake and release is further studied, suggesting the primary role of seasonal variation of oceanic mixed layer temperature changes.
Sea Surface Height Variability in Drake Passage
Authors: Donohue Kathleen A. , Kennelly Maureen A. , Cutting Amy
Published: February 2016

Intercomparisons between altimeter sea surface height (SSH) and open-ocean in situ observations have been limited owing to sparse available datasets. Here, SSH anomaly (SSHA) determined from current and pressure recording inverted echo sounders (CPIES) from the cDrake experiment were compared with an up-to-date AVISO-mapped product. Meandering Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) fronts in the passage interior elevated SSHA variance; south of the Shackleton Fracture Zone and along the northern continental slope, the variance decreased by factors between 6 and 10. In situ analysis focused on the two constituents of SSHA, SSHAref determined from bottom pressure and SSHAbcb calculated from geopotential height referenced to the bottom. The peak variance of both SSHAbcb and SSHAref occurred in the energetic region between the Subantarctic Front and the Polar Front. The contribution of SSHAbcb to total SSHA variance was greater than 40% at all sites and averaged over all sites it was 73%. For most sites, high-frequency (>1/20 cpd) SSHAbcb signals dominated total high-frequency variance. Aliasing of high-frequency signals resulting from 10-day altimeter sampling was assessed. The fraction of aliased energy at frequencies longer than 1/50 cpd for sites at and north of the Shackleton Fracture Zone approached 0.25 and approached 0.50 for southern sites. CPIES and mapped altimeter SSHA agreed well. The mean correlation coefficient was 0.82 and the mean RMS difference was 0.075 m. Correlations between CPIES and AVISO were notably poorer at the northern and southern boundaries. RMS differences increased as a function of CPIES high-frequency SSHA variance because the mapped altimetry product does not resolve these frequencies.
Historic preservation in declining city neighbourhoods: Analysing rehabilitation tax credit investments in six US cities
Authors: Ryberg-Webster Stephanie , Kinahan Kelly L
Published: February 2016

Historic preservation is common practice across the world, including in US cities. At the same time, population decline, economic distress and vacancy prevalent in declining cities, also known as legacy, shrinking or post-industrial cities, creates a pressing threat to a vast array of urban historic buildings. In the USA, recent planning and policy emphasises strategic demolition and/or targeting resources in potentially viable neighbourhoods, with little attention paid to historic preservation. To fill this gap, we use a comparative case study of federal historic rehabilitation tax credit (RTC) investments from 2000 to 2010 across the neighbourhoods of six legacy cities: Baltimore, Cleveland, Philadelphia, Providence, Richmond and St. Louis. This is the first study to use disaggregated, longitudinal RTC data to analyse investment at the neighbourhood scale. We use the Hirschman-Herfindahl Index to evaluate investment concentration and US Census 2000 data to characterise neighbourhoods where developers chose to undertake RTC projects. The findings show that RTC investments occurred across a wide range of places, including very low- and low-income neighbourhoods, and produced both market-rate and affordable housing across each city’s neighbourhoods. The findings indicate that preservation occurs across a wide range of legacy city neighbourhoods and inform urban planners and policymakers about locations where the private sector is willing to invest with favourable financing.
Suspicion, Cognition, and Automaticity Model of Phishing Susceptibility
Authors: Vishwanath Arun , Harrison Brynne , Ng Yu Jie
Published: February 2016

Social-psychological research on phishing has implicated ineffective cognitive processing as the key reason for individual victimization. Interventions have consequently focused on training individuals to better detect deceptive emails. Evidence, however, points to individuals sinking into patterns of email usage that within a short period of time results in an attenuation of the training effects. Thus, individual email habits appear to be another predictor of their phishing susceptibility. To comprehensively account for all these influences, we built a model that accounts for the cognitive, preconscious, and automatic processes that potentially leads to phishing-based deception. The resultant suspicion, cognition, and automaticity model (SCAM) was tested using two experimental studies in which participants were subjected to different types of email-based phishing attacks.
Business, victimisation and victimology
Authors: Hopkins Matt
Published: February 2016

The recent publication of the first English/Welsh Commercial Victimisation Survey (CVS) in over 10 years represents a good time to consider both ‘crimes against businesses’ and the place of commercial victims within the discipline of victimology. While some research points to high crime rates against the commercial sector, it has been argued that the abstract concept of ‘crimes against businesses’ has been used by government and businesses to construct a notion of business victimhood in order to place businesses at the centre of policy concerning crime prevention. Critics suggest this recognition of the ‘business as a victim’ not only moves attention away from the illegal behaviours of businesses (businesses as victimisers), but also it gives corporations that can already absorb crime costs the power to dominate debates around law, order and crime prevention. Using data from the CVS, patterns of crimes against business are outlined and some of the main characteristics of victims are identified. Consideration is then given to what these data mean in relation to the concept of businesses as victims. Using Christie’s notion of the ideal victim as a heuristic device, it is explored whether businesses can ever be viewed as ‘ideal’ victims and why achieving victim status might be important. Finally, some fruitful areas for further research are considered.
The safety and tolerability of vortioxetine: Analysis of data from randomized placebo-controlled trials and open-label extension studies
Authors: Baldwin David S , Chrones Lambros , Florea Ioana , Nielsen Rebecca , Nomikos George G , Palo William , Reines Elin
Published: February 2016

The safety and tolerability of vortioxetine in adults with major depressive disorder was assessed. Tolerability was based on the nature, incidence and severity of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) during acute (6/8) week treatment in 11 randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled short-term studies in major depressive disorder: six with an active reference. Symptoms following discontinuation were assessed through the Discontinuation-Emergent Signs and Symptoms checklist in three studies. Long-term (⩽52 weeks) tolerability was evaluated in five open-label extension studies. Patients ( n =5701) were acutely treated with either placebo ( n=1817), vortioxetine (5–20mg/day; n=3018), venlafaxine XR (225mg/day; n=113) or duloxetine (60mg/day; n=753). The withdrawal rate due to TEAEs during treatment with vortioxetine (5–20mg/day) was 4.5–7.8%, compared with placebo (3.6%), venlafaxine XR (14.2%) or duloxetine (8.8%). Common TEAEs (incidence ⩾5% and >2 × placebo) with vortioxetine (5–20mg/day) were nausea (20.9–31.2%) and vomiting (2.9–6.5%). For vortioxetine (5–20mg/day), the incidence of TEAEs associated with insomnia was 2.0–5.1% versus 4.0% for placebo, and with sexual dysfunction 1.6–1.8% versus 1.0% for placebo. Discontinuation symptoms as assessed by the mean Discontinuation-Emergent Signs and Symptoms total score after abrupt discontinuation were comparable to placebo in the first and second week. Vortioxetine had no effect relative to placebo on clinical laboratory parameters, body weight, heart rate or blood pressure. Vortioxetine showed no clinically relevant effect on ECG parameters, including the QTcF interval. In long-term treatment, no new types of TEAEs were seen; the mean weight gain was 0.7–0.8kg. Thus, vortioxetine (5–20mg/day) appears safe and generally well tolerated in the treatment of major depressive disorder.
Reliability analysis of ultimate compressive strength for stiffened composite panels
Authors: Zhao Weitao , Liu Weihua , Yang Qijiao
Published: February 2016

The prediction and reliability evaluation of ultimate compressive strength of stiffened composite panels are both essential for safe structural design. In this paper, the progressive failure analysis method is utilized to predict ultimate compressive strength of stiffened composite panels by using ABAQUS. Since a large number of ultimate compressive strength must be analyzed in the process of reliability evaluation by using standard reliability methods, the relationship between the buckling load and the ultimate compressive strength is used to establish a new limit state function to reduce the computational efforts. Only one time the ultimate compressive strength is analyzed in the process of reliability evaluation by using the proposed method. The results of numerical examples show that (a) the relative errors between the ultimate compressive strength obtained by using the proposed method and the experimental data are 2.53% and 1.68% for samples A and B, respectively; (b) the reliability results obtained by using the proposed method are very close to the ones obtained by using the classical method, and the ratios of the proposed method to the classical method are only 1.18% and 1.66% for samples A and B in terms of the total computational time.
Building a Rock-Solid Slide
Authors: Bourgoin Alaric , Muniesa Fabian
Published: February 2016

The diagrammatic slideshow constitutes a crucial communicational instrument in management consulting. However, its semiotic implications remain poorly understood. How do consultants create slides that they deem significant? How do they recognize a good slide or an effective diagram? What practical criteria do they use? To tackle these questions, we develop a pragmatist approach based on the theory of signs of Charles S. Peirce. Drawing from data collected through ethnographic participant observation, our study analyzes how a team of consultants drafts a single slide intended to represent the problems of a client organization and assesses the evolving strength of the document. We identify three recurrent conditions of robustness—impact, accuracy, and layout—and discuss them in the light of Peirce’s distinction of iconic, indexical, and symbolic capacities in signification.
A Quality of Growth Index
Authors: Ghosh Saibal
Published: February 2016

Employing decadal data for the period 1971–2011, this article constructs a quality of growth index (QGI) for major Indian states. The index encompasses not only growth and its durability, but also encompasses several relevant social dimensions. These include variables such as stability and diversification of growth as well as institutional quality and social indicators such as life expectancy and literacy rate. The extended period chosen enables us to trace the evolution of the index over a sufficiently long period of time. Several findings stand out. First, the average value of the index is higher in the post-reform period, suggesting that there has been an overall improvement in the quality of growth over time. However, although the BIMAROU states have raised their QGI, they have still lagged behind their peers. Second, it is typically the industrialized states which have witnessed higher QGI. And third, the industrialized states, with improved financial access and better physical infrastructure, which are better placed are those with higher QGI.
Supervisor-Provided Resources
Authors: Lemmon Grace , Glibkowski Brian C. , Wayne Sandy J. , Chaudhry Anjali , Marinova Sophia
Published: February 2016

This research integrates social exchange theory and resource theory to develop a measure of the types of resources supervisors provide to their employees, referred to as supervisor-provided resources (SPR). The factor structure, construct validity, and criterion-related validity for the SPR are reported based on six separate samples of working adults. Results indicated three resource dimensions: money, social, and task resources. All three resource types were positively related to quality of the social exchange relationship, but they were differentially related to attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. Implications of the SPR for future research and practice in the context of exchange relationships are discussed.
War–peace journalism in the Turkish press: Countries come to the brink of war
Authors: Ersoy Metin
Published: February 2016

The news coverage of the Turkish and Syrian jet planes that were hit by Turkey’s and Syria’s armies is being researched in Turkish newspapers. Stories about the Turkish jet that was hit by the Syrian army in June 2012 and the Syrian jet that was hit by Turkish army in March 2014 have been analysed as a peace journalism model. This study utilizes framing analysis to examine how Turkish newspapers covered two events (jet planes) and identify what frames ‘they’ tend to use. The general tendency of the Turkish press is towards accusation, blame and the creation of suspicion of the ‘other’ side. In this study, we find that the Turkish press is strongly affected by ownership structure, political pressure, regulations, mainstream news values and market conditions. All these factors determine journalists’ usage of dominant frames on their front pages in conflict situations.
Inaccuracies in calculating predicted body weight and its impact on safe ventilator settings
Authors: O’Brien Ian David , Shacklock Emma , Middleditch Alex , Bigham Colin
Published: February 2016

In many centres, height is used as a determinant for calculating predicted body weight. This predicted body weight is then multiplied to generate the desired tidal volume. The approach exhibits some mathematical effects: (1) any errors in height measurement are multiplied by 5.5 when generating the tidal volume (assuming 6 ml/kg); (2) any errors in height measurement have a greater impact on shorter patients. The aim of this study was to: (1) establish the current practice of setting a tidal volume in England; (2) assess the implications of inaccurate height measurements on tidal volume settings using the most common practice; (3) identify the most accurate and precise method of determining height to aid accurate application of a lung protective strategy. The six extra corporeal membrane oxygenation centres in the UK, and the 34 intensive cares with the highest admission figures were identified from the intensive care national audit and research centre database. Most frequent practice was to use of a 1-m tape on the supine patient on admission. Inaccuracies in height estimation using a 1-m tape resulted in a standard deviation of 23 ml and a spread of over 120 ml tidal volume in individual patients.There are a number of methods of estimating height in a supine patient but the most accurate appeared to be simply using a 2-m tape.
Novel targets in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer: a perspective review
Authors: Fontana Elisa , Smyth Elizabeth C.
Published: February 2016

Gastric cancer is responsible for a high burden of disease globally. Although more extensive use of chemotherapy together with the recent introduction of the two targeted agents trastuzumab and ramucirumab have contributed to marginal outcome prolongation, overall survival for patients with advanced stage disease remains poor. Over the last decade, a number of novel agents have been examined in clinical trials with largely disappointing results. Potential explanations for this are the absence of molecularly selected trial populations or weak predictive biomarkers within the context of a highly heterogeneous disease. In the recently published gastric cancer The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project a new classification of four different tumour subtypes according to different molecular characteristics has been proposed. With some overlap, several relatively distinct and potentially targetable pathways have been identified for each subtype. In this perspective review we match recent trial results with the subtypes described in the gastric cancer TCGA aiming to highlight data regarding novel agents under evaluation and to discuss whether this publication might provide a framework for future drug development.
Economic education via consumer advice programmes? Informal learning based on the example of the television help format ‘Out of Debt’
Authors: Schuhen Michael , Neubauer Maria
Published: February 2016

Unlike historical and biological topics, economic topics are seldom dealt with in documentations on television. They are to be found in consumer advice programmes or recently in so-called help formats. Advice programmes of this kind which are based on the life story of a family or an individual person have meanwhile become an integral part of all television programmes. They are responding to the need for advice in society, which also includes economic issues and offensively resort to entertainment in order to achieve their goal (section 1). However, it remains unclear what the audience actually learns. Hill poses this question and formulates an ‘idea of learning’ that lies in store for the audience with these formats. With the help of a multistage test design, the television format ‘Out of Debt’ (section 3) shall be examined for a potential learning contribution among adolescent consumers (section 4).
If worst comes to horrible – sealing an iatrogenic coronary perforation with a polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent in a patient with aspirin intolerance
Authors: Viertel Achim , Andreas Dominik , Grönefeld Gerian
Published: February 2016

This report outlines the long-term outcome after successful sealing of a coronary perforation with a covered stent in a patient with aspirin allergy.
Effect of Prayer on Intensity of Migraine Headache
Authors: Tajadini Haleh , Zangiabadi Nasser , Divsalar Kouros , Safizadeh Hossein , Esmaili Zahra , Rafiei Hossein
Published: February 2016

Background and Aim.

Migraine is a common form of headache that affects patients quality of life negatively. In addition to pharmacologic treatment, there are a variety of nonpharmacologic treatments for migraine headache. In present study, we examined the effect of prayer on intensity of migraine pain.

Methods.

In a prospective, randomized, controlled trial from October 2013 to June 2014, this study has been conducted in Kerman, Iran. We randomly assigned 92 patients in 2 groups to receive either 40 mg of propranolol twice a day for 2 month (group “A”) or 40 mg of propranolol twice a day for 2 months with prayer (group “B”). At the beginning of study and 3 months after intervention, patients’ pain was measured using the visual analogue scale.

Results.

At the beginning of study and before intervention, the mean score of pain in patients in groups A and B were 5.7 ± 1.6 and 6.5 ± 1.9, respectively. According to results of independent t test, mean score of pain intensity at the beginning of study were similar between patients in 2 groups ( P > .05). Three month after intervention, mean score of pain intensity decreased in patients in both groups. At this time, the mean scores of pain intensity were 5.4 ± 1.1 and 4.2 ± 2.3 in patients in groups A and B, respectively. This difference between groups was statistically significant ( P < .001).

Conclusions.

The present study revealed that prayer can be used as a nonpharmacologic pain coping strategy in addition to pharmacologic intervention for this group of patients.
Results From a Patient Experience Study in Pediatric Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: Jacob Divya Ann , Franklin Linda , Bernstein Bruce , Pall Harpreet
Published: February 2016

Objective:

Gastrointestinal endoscopy in children has become a standard diagnostic and therapeutic modality. The aim of our study was to characterize the most memorable elements of the patient experience from the parent’s and patient’s perspective and determine ways to improve the overall quality of their experience.

Methods:

Using a structured questionnaire, we conducted 47 phone interviews with families who had recently undergone gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures.

Results:

Our study showed clear communication and mutual agreement on care decisions contributed to positive experiences. Inadequate communication of information regarding alternatives to the procedure and risk of complications during the informed consent discussion contributed to negative patient experiences. Standardization of postprocedure follow-up and timely communication of pathology findings also had potential for improvement.

Conclusion:

Our study revealed 2 areas for quality improvement interventions: The need to ensure that alternatives and complications are thoroughly discussed and the need for standardization of postprocedure follow-up.
Urinary chitinase 3-like protein 1 for early diagnosis of acute kidney injury: a prospective cohort study in adult critically ill patients
Authors: De Loor Jorien , Decruyenaere Johan , Demeyere Kristel , Nuytinck Lieve , Hoste Eric AJ , Meyer Evelyne
Published: February 2016

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs frequently and adversely affects patient and kidney outcomes, especially when its severity increases from stage 1 to stages 2 or 3. Early interventions may counteract such deterioration, but this requires early detection. Our aim was to evaluate whether the novel renal damage biomarker urinary chitinase 3-like protein 1 (UCHI3L1) can detect AKI stage ≥2 more early than serum creatinine and urine output, using the respective Kidney Disease | Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria for definition and classification of AKI, and compare this to urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (UNGAL).

Methods

This was a translational single-center, prospective cohort study at the 22-bed surgical and 14-bed medical intensive care units (ICU) of Ghent University Hospital. We enrolled 181 severely ill adult patients who did not yet have AKI stage ≥2 based on the KDIGO criteria at time of enrollment. The concentration of creatinine (serum, urine) and CHI3L1 (serum, urine) was measured at least daily, and urine output hourly, in the period from enrollment till ICU discharge with a maximum of 7 ICU-days. The concentration of UNGAL was measured at enrollment. The primary endpoint was the development of AKI stage ≥2 within 12 h after enrollment.

Results

After enrollment, 21 (12 %) patients developed AKI stage ≥2 within the next 7 days, with 6 (3 %) of them reaching this condition within the first 12 h. The enrollment concentration of UCHI3L1 predicted the occurrence of AKI stage ≥2 within the next 12 h with a good AUC-ROC of 0.792 (95 % CI: 0.726–0.849). This performance was similar to that of UNGAL (AUC-ROC of 0.748 (95 % CI: 0.678–0.810)). Also, the samples collected in the 24-h time frame preceding diagnosis of the 1st episode of AKI stage ≥2 had a 2.0 times higher (95 % CI: 1.3–3.1) estimated marginal mean of UCHI3L1 than controls. We further found that increasing UCHI3L1 concentrations were associated with increasing AKI severity.

Conclusions

In this pilot study we found that UCHI3L1 was a good biomarker for prediction of AKI stage ≥2 in adult ICU patients.
Recreating the image of Chan master Huineng: the roles of MOOD and MODALITY
Authors: Yu Hailing , Wu Canzhong
Published: February 2016

The article investigates the roles of MOOD and MODALITY in the recreation of the image of Chan master Huineng in four English translations ofThe Platform Sutraby Wong Mou-lam, (Sutra Spoken by the Sixth Patriarch, Wei Lang, on the High Seat of the Gem of Law(Message from the East), 1930), Heng Yin, (The Sixth Patriarch's Dharma Jewel Platform Sutra, 1977), Thomas Cleary, (The Sutra of Hui-neng, grand master of Zen: with Hui-neng's commentary on the Diamond Sutra, 1998) and Cheng Kuan (The Dharmic Treasure Altar-Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch, 2011). MOOD refers to the mood types of indicative and imperative, and MODALITY covers the semantic space between ‘yes’ and ‘no’. Adopting SysFan, a computational tool for doing systemic and functional analysis, the study investigates the choice of mood types and the values of modality (low, median and high) in each translation. Heng and Cleary favour high-valued modality more than Wong and Cheng though the mood type of declarative is adopted by all. They also use more imperative clauses and indicative clauses with high-valued modality than the latter. Consequently, two types of image are recreated of Huineng: an authoritative and forceful Huineng presented by the two American translators, and a prudent and polite Huineng presented by the two Chinese translators. The investigation shows that the phenomenon cannot be accounted for by the translators’ linguistic competence. Instead, the context of the translation, especially the tenor, should be taken into consideration to interpret these two types of image of Huineng.
IL-36γ is secreted in microparticles and exosomes by lung macrophages in response to bacteria and bacterial components
Authors: Kovach Melissa A , Singer Benjamin H , Newstead Michael W , Zeng Xianying , Moore Thomas A , White Eric S , Kunkel Steven L , Peters-Golden Marc , Standiford Theodore J
Published: February 2016

Interleukin-36 is a family of novel interleukin-1-like proinflammatory cytokines that are highly expressed in epithelial tissues and several myeloid-derived cell types. Like those of classic interleukin-1 cytokines, the secretion mechanisms of interleukin-36 are not well understood. Interleukin-36γ secretion in dermal epithelial cells requires adenosine 5′-triphosphate, which suggests a nonclassical mechanism of secretion. In this study, murine pulmonary macrophages and human alveolar macrophages were treated with recombinant pathogen-associated molecular patterns (intact bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae). Cell lysates were analyzed for messenger ribonucleic acid by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and conditioned medium was analyzed for interleukin-36γ by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with or without sonication. In addition, conditioned medium was ultracentrifuged at 25,000 g and 100,000 g, to isolate microparticles and exosomes, respectively, and interleukin-36γ protein was assessed in each fraction by Western blot analysis. Interleukin-36γ mRNA was induced in both murine and human lung macrophages by a variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, as well as heat-killed and live Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and induction occurred in a myeloid differentiation response gene 88–dependent manner. Secretion of interleukin-36γ protein was enhanced by adenosine 5′-triphosphate. Furthermore, extracellular interleukin-36γ protein detection was markedly enhanced by sonication to disrupt membrane-bound structures. Interleukin-36γ protein was detected by Western blot in microparticles and exosome fractions isolated by ultracentrifugation. Interleukin-36γ was induced and secreted from lung macrophages in response to Gram-negative and -positive bacterial stimulation. The results suggest that interleukin-36γ is secreted in a non-Golgi–dependent manner by lung macrophages in response to Gram-positive and -negative bacterial challenge.
Desensitization and Incomplete Recovery of Hepatic Target Genes After Chronic Thyroid Hormone Treatment and Withdrawal in Male Adult Mice
Authors: Ohba Kenji , Leow Melvin Khee-Shing , Singh Brijesh Kumar , Sinha Rohit Anthony , Lesmana Ronny , Liao Xiao-Hui , Ghosh Sujoy , Refetoff Samuel , Sng Judy Chia Ghee , Yen Paul Michael
Published: February 2016

Clinical symptoms may vary and not necessarily reflect serum thyroid hormone (TH) levels during acute and chronic hyperthyroidism as well as recovery from hyperthyroidism. We thus examined changes in hepatic gene expression and serum TH/TSH levels in adult male mice treated either with a single T3 (20 μg per 100 g body weight) injection (acute T3) or daily injections for 14 days (chronic T3) followed by 10 days of withdrawal. Gene expression arrays from livers harvested at these time points showed that among positively-regulated target genes, 320 were stimulated acutely and 429 chronically by T3. Surprisingly, only 69 of 680 genes (10.1%) were induced during both periods, suggesting desensitization of the majority of acutely stimulated target genes. About 90% of positively regulated target genes returned to baseline expression levels after 10 days of withdrawal; however, 67 of 680 (9.9%) did not return to baseline despite normalization of serum TH/TSH levels. Similar findings also were observed for negatively regulated target genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of representative positively regulated target genes suggested that acetylation of H3K9/K14 was associated with acute stimulation, whereas trimethylation of H3K4 was associated with chronic stimulation. In an in vivo model of chronic intrahepatic hyperthyroidism since birth, adult male monocarboxylate transporter-8 knockout mice also demonstrated desensitization of most acutely stimulated target genes that were examined. In summary, we have identified transcriptional desensitization and incomplete recovery of gene expression during chronic hyperthyroidism and recovery. Our findings may be a potential reason for discordance between clinical symptoms and serum TH levels observed in these conditions.
Colloidal Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Yamamoto Eisuke , Kuroda Kazuyuki
Published: February 2016

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with colloidal stability have attracted increasing interest because of their important properties, such as high transparency and cell uptake. Colloidal MSNs are comprehensively reviewed from the viewpoints of their preparation, characterization, and applications which include biomedical, catalytic, and optical materials. The following two points have been emphasized. The first point is that this review covers the widest range of introduction and discussion of the preparation and applications of both colloidal and noncolloidal MSNs. The second point is that this account contains a discussion from the viewpoints of both inorganic and colloid chemistries. After the introduction of the historical background of preparation of MSNs, preparative methods of colloidal MSNs and the major factors for the preparation of nanosized and colloidal MSNs are discussed. The methods to control the size, composition, morphology, and pore size of MSNs are also presented. Appropriate methods to obtain MSNs with high colloidal dispersibility are also discussed. Applications of colloidal MSNs are introduced with an emphasis on the colloidal stability. Issues to be addressed for further developments of colloidal MSNs are finally described.
Recent Advances in the Trichomonas vaginalis Field
Authors: Leitsch David
Published: February 2016

The microaerophilic protist parasiteTrichomonas vaginalisis occurring globally and causes infections in the urogenital tract in humans, a condition termed trichomoniasis. In fact, trichomoniasis is the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted disease with more than 250 million people infected every year. Although trichomoniasis is not life threatening in itself, it can be debilitating and increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, HIV infection, and, possibly, neoplasias in the prostate and the cervix. Apart from its role as a pathogen,T.vaginalisis also a fascinating organism with a surprisingly large genome for a parasite,i.e. larger than 160 Mb, and a physiology adapted to its microaerophilic lifestyle. In particular, the hydrogenosome, a mitochondria-derived organelle that produces hydrogen, has attracted much interest in the last few decades and renderedT.vaginalisa model organism for eukaryotic evolution.

This review will give a succinct overview of the major advances in theT.vaginalisfield in the last few years.
Synergistic Approach to Enterprise Management
Authors: Заковоротный  , Zakovorotnyy Vilor , Угнич  , Ugnich Ekaterina , Флек  , Flek Mikhail
Published: February 2016

The research reveals the peculiarities of synergistic model of enterprise

management in market conditions. The possibilities of synergistic approach

application towards the study of economic systems are shown in the article.

On the basis of theoretical analysis of complex dynamic systems basic rules

are identified which must be taken into consideration while examining the

enterprise as a system in which the processes of self-organization exist.

A generalized dynamic model of an enterprise in market environment is

presented. It is carried out the analysis of the established condition of the

enterprise as a system and the stability of its stationary state.
Reengineering As a Tool of Crisis Management
Authors: Калиматова  , Kalimatova L.
Published: February 2016

This article discusses reengineering as a tool of crisis management. Reengineering

is analyzed as a fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business

processes to achieve the key breakthrough in the current performance of the

company, such as costs, product quality, service levels, etc. This approach

creates the preconditions for long-term stable operation of enterprises, greatly

reduces the appearance and development of crisis situations.
Economic Potential of Pumped-Storage Hydroelectric Power Plants
Authors: Быстров  , Bystrov Andrey , Юсим  , Yusim Vyacheslav , Филиппов  , Filippov V.
Published: February 2016

The article deals with questions of using pumped-storage hydroelectric power

plants in electrical power system. Maneuverable reserve of Russian electrical

power system is exhausted; therefore further development is able only with

the presence of storage plants in the system which will allow getting additional

volume of electricity with existent generative power stations. However, low

return of investment slows down construction of storage plants. PSP exert a

powerful economic effect on system which is undervalued. Therefore for

ensuring a return on investment it is necessary to revise system of economic

relations within industry when using system utilities.
Infrastructure of Industrial Enterprises: Concept, Basic Elements, Factors and Risk Management Methodology
Authors: Баурина  , Baurina Svetlana
Published: February 2016

This article is devoted to the research infrastructure of the industrial enterprise. The essence of the industrial, social and information infrastructure is fleshed out. Risk factors of infrastructure of an industrial enterprise are identified. The stages of formation and development of infrastructure are considered. The methodology and tools infrastructure management of an industrial enterprise is given.
Different Susceptibility of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and BNP Precursor (proBNP) to Cleavage by Neprilysin: The N-Terminal Part Does Matter
Authors: Semenov Alexander G , Katrukha Alexey G
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND

Protease neprilysin is known to be responsible for the degradation of natriuretic peptides. A recent heart failure (HF) drug, LCZ696 (EntrestoTM), that combines a neprilysin inhibitor and an angiotensin II receptor inhibitor was suggested to augment circulating B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations, making the results of BNP measurements diagnostically ambiguous. Because the main form of measured BNP in HF patients is represented by its uncleaved precursor, proBNP, it is important to know the susceptibility of proBNP to cleavage by neprilysin.

METHODS

BNP 1–32 and nonglycosylated and glycosylated forms of proBNP 1–108 were incubated with neprilysin for different time periods. BNP immunoreactivity was analyzed using 2 sandwich immunoassays: one utilizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) KY-BNP-II (epitope 14–21) as capture with mAb 50E1 (epitope 26–32) for detection and a single-epitope sandwich BNP (SES-BNP) immunoassay specific to the epitope 11–17. Mass-spectrometry was applied to determine the sites of BNP cleavage.

RESULTS

In contrast to BNP, both forms of proBNP were resistant to degradation by neprilysin. The SES-BNP assay was much less susceptible to the BNP cleavage by neprilysin compared with the immunoassay utilizing antibodies specific to the region 14–21, comprising the site Arg17-Ile18, known as the site of BNP cleavage by neprilysin.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings suggest that modulation of neprilysin activity by specific inhibitors may not greatly influence the circulating concentrations of immunoreactive BNP, mostly represented in HF by proBNP, which is not susceptible to neprilysin. The different susceptibility of the BNP regions to neprilysin-dependent degradation highlights the importance of the choice of epitopes for reliable BNP immunodetection.
La formación lectora y literaria en contextos multiculturales. Una perspectiva educativa e inclusiva
Authors: Ballester Roca Josep , Ibarra Ruis Noelia
Published: February 2016

Los autores exponen el potencial de la educación lectora y literaria en cuanto a su función en contextos multiculturales y plurilingües se refiere y preconizan su importancia no sólo en la adquisición y desarrollo de hábitos de lectura estables, sino como un pilar esencial en el compromiso de la construcción de sociedades más igualitarias y democráticas. En oposición directa al gran número de agoreras voces que alertan sobre los peligros del aumento de las migraciones y sus consecuencias en forma de alumnado inmigrante en las aulas de los diferentes niveles educativos del Estado español, los investigadores abogan por las posibilidades de la didáctica de la literatura y de la lectura en el descubrimiento y la consolidación de las competencias lectora, literaria e intercultural y, por tanto, en este sentido, revelan la magnitud del texto literario desde una perspectiva educativa e inclusiva en la construcción de la ciudadanía.
La ineludible revolución de la mente: reflexiones sobre educación a partir de «el arte de vivir» de Jiddu Krishnamurti
Authors: Luna Diego
Published: February 2016

En el presente trabajo se proponen una serie de consideraciones sobre educación a partir de las ideas planteadas en la obra El arte de vivir (Life Ahead: On Learning and the Search of Meaning en su edición original en inglés) del pensador indio Jiddu Krishnamurti. Para ello se establecerá, por una parte, una síntesis conceptual de las ideas del autor en relación a los problemas sociales con los que se enfrenta la educación actualmente y, por otra, se reflexionará sobre el posible lugar que estas ocupan dentro de un marco histórico general del pensamiento educativo.
Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia: Prevalence, Clinical Presentation, Endoscopic and Histological Features
Authors: Drasovean Silvia Cosmina , Morărașu Diana Elena , Pascarenco Ofelia Daniela , Brsunic Olga , Onișor Danusia Maria , Alina Boeriu , Dobru Daniela Ecaterina
Published: February 2016

Background and Aim: Gastric intestinal metaplasia represents a risk factor for intestinal type of gastric cancer. Gastric intestinal metaplasia seems to be associated with Helicobacter pilory infection in relatives of patients with gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, clinical, endoscopic and histological features of gastric intestinal metaplasia.

Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the esophagogastroduodenoscopies with biopsies performed between January 1, 2014 and October 31, 2014. Collected and analyzed data included age, gender, symptoms, endoscopic and histological findings.

Results: Four hundred eighty-two patients were included in the study. One hundred thirty-seven patients had gastric intestinal metaplasia, which presented a prevalence was 28,4%. A similar distribution between gender was observed with a significant increase of gastric intestinal metaplasia with age (p=0,0001). Regarding the indication for endoscopy, the prevalence of gastric intestinal metaplasia was: 17 % among patients with dyspeptic syndrome, 2 % in patients with anemia and 5 % in patients examined for other symptoms. Endoscopic findings showed gastric intestinal metaplasia was significantly associated with atrophic gastritis (p=0.0001), erythematous gastritis (p=0.0079), while there was no association with erosive gastritis (p=0.24) and peptic ulcer (p=0.19).

Conclusions: Gastric intestinal metaplasia is frequently recorded in patients undergoing in esophagogastroduodenoscopies with associated biopsies. Endoscopic findings like erythema and atrophy is strongly associated with gastric intestinal metaplasia emphasizing the importance of sampling biopsies.
Ausgestaltung von Management by Objectives innerhalb von Leistungslohnsystemen - Unterschiede in der Motivation zwischen Mitarbeitenden und Managern/ The implementation of management by objectives within monetary incentive systems – differences in motivation between employees and managers
Authors: Brunner Dorothea , Bernard Ursin
Published: February 2016

Management by Objectives (MbO) wird definiert als Synthese von Zielsetzung, Partizipation bei Zielvereinbarungen und Feedback über die Zielerreichung. Dieser Beitrag untersucht, wie sich die Ausgestaltung von MbO innerhalb von Leistungsvergütungssystemen auf die Motivation von Mitarbeitenden und Vorgesetzten auswirkt. Als Datenbasis dient eine Stichprobe von 342 Unternehmen in der Schweiz.

Die Untersuchungsergebnisse zeigen, dass 96% der betrachteten Leistungslohngruppen Management by Objectives anwenden. Bei 83% ist die Leistungsvergütung direkt mit dem MbO-System verknüpft. Eine detaillierte Betrachtung zeigt, dass die Ausgestaltung der einzelnen Elemente von MbO-Zielsetzung, Partizipation und Feedback - je nach Hierarchiestufe verschiedene Bedeutungen haben. Während für die Mitarbeitenden ohne Führungsfunktion in erster Linie die Kommunikation über die Zielerreichung einen positiven Einfluss auf die Motivation hat, ist für das Management die Qualität der Zielsetzungen zentral.