bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nauka i politika: moderna ruska historiografija o Bosni i Hercegovini
Authors: Bandžović Safet
Published: September 2021

Vrijeme dubokih političkih i socijalnih potresa uvijek donosi preispitivanje i preuređenje predstava o prošlosti, preoblikovanje različitih slojeva svijesti. Nestanak ideološke paradigme, prestanak “partijnosti”, promjena globalne politike i epohalne svjesnosti, umnogome su uticali na povratak “predsocijalističke prošlosti”, njenu romantizaciju i idealizaciju, kao i revizionističku izmjenu društvenih determinanti historijskih interpretacija i sudova u postsocijalističkim zemljama, uz intezivno međudjelovanje politike, nacionalizma i historije u njihovim historiografijama. Ni velike historiografije, poput ruske, nisu imune na zaokrete, pritiske političkih matrica i izmijenjene stvarnosti u odnosu prema vlastitoj, kao i historiji drugih zemalja i naroda i njenom interpretiranju. Znatne su razlike između prethodne sovjetske i savremene ruske historiografije, kao i njihovih obrazaca. U borbi za ovladavanjem historijom klasni i internacionalni princip ustupio je mjesto naglašenom nacionalnom, uz obnovu nacionalnog identiteta “očišćenog od komunizma”. Interesi i politike velesila ostavljaju dubok pečat na historiju i fatum balkanskih naroda. Politički sporovi i pozicioniranja djeluju na historiografije, utiču na izbor i obradu istraživačkih tema. Nestanak jugoslavenske državne zajednice i pojava postjugoslavenskih država na političkoj mapi Evrope usložnili su višeznačne napore niza ruskih historičara za tumačenje njihove prošlosti, ali i savremenosti. Rast ruskog interesa za izučavanje historije Bosne i Hercegovine usko je vezan za političke krize i sukobe na tom prostoru i širi balkanski kontekst. Naučna pozornost posebno je usmjerena na Istočnu (1875–1878) i aneksionu krizu (1908–1909), raspad Jugoslavije i “postjugoslavenske ratove” i zbivanja tokom posljednje decenije prošlog i početkom ovog stoljeća. Među ruskim historičarima izraženo je više pristupa historiji Bosne i Hercegovine, od onog koji je tretira kao historiju države u njenoj složenosti, do onog reduciranog i selektivnog, kroz historiju pojedinih etničkih zajednica na tom prostoru. Svaka historiografija je produkt vlastitog vremena čiji interesi često određuju pitanja koja brojni naučnici postavljaju višeslojnoj prošlosti, ali i odgovore, odupirući se njenim drugačijim percepcijama. Uravnoteženo gledanje na prošlost Bosne i Hercegovine, kao i Balkana u cjelini, veliki je naučni izazov. Istina kojoj se teži je “cjelina”, nije na jednom mjestu i u historiografiji jednog naroda, iziskuje multiperspektivni narativ.
Rat u Mostaru (1992–1995) na stranicama bosanskohercegovačke i uže regionalne historiografije u periodu od 2001. do 2017. godine
Authors: Mastalić Košuta Zilha
Published: September 2021

U radu prikazujemo stanje bosanskohercegovačke i uže regionalne (hrvatske i srpske) historiografije u periodu od 2001. do 2017. godine na temu ratnih događaja u Mostaru 1992–1995. Analizom objavljene literature u tom periodu pratimo stanje i kvalitet objavljenih radova te nastojimo sagledati njihovu objektivnost. Također, nastojimo prikazati koliko su historičari pisali o tom periodu te da li posao historičara u pisanju takvih tema preuzimaju osobe iz drugih struka i koliko su takvi radovi relevantni i pouzdani. U posljednje dvije decenije istraživanje i objavljivanje o ratnim događajima o Bosni i Hercegovini iz perioda 1992– 1995. predstavljalo je poseban predmet interesovanja raznih istraživača. Ta istraživanja su bila predmet velikog interesovanja nauke, ali s druge strane i politike, kako domaće tako i međunarodne. Istraživanja je bilo raznih vrsta kojima se bave različiti subjekti, uz različite motive i interese. Vrlo često ona postaju i predmet manipulacija uz mogućnosti dalekosežnih posljedica na bosanskohercegovačko društvo i državu u cjelini.
Gender Differences in NSF Ocean Sciences Awards
Authors:   Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Lima Ivan , Rheuban Jennie
Published: September 2021

In this study, we examine how women’s representation in National Science Foundation Ocean Sciences (NSF-OCE) awards changed between 1987 and 2019 and how it varied across different programs, research topics, and award types. Women’s participation in NSF-OCE awards increased at a rate of approximately 0.6% per year from about 10% in 1987 to 30% in 2019, and the strong similarity between the temporal trends in the NSF-OCE awards and the academic workforce suggests that there was no gender bias in NSF funding throughout the 33-year study period. The programs, topics, and award types related to education showed the strongest growth, achieving and surpassing parity with men, while those related to the acquisition of shared instrumentation and equipment for research vessels had the lowest women’s representation and showed relatively little change over time. Despite being vastly outnumbered by men, women principal investigators (PIs) tended to do more collaborative work and had a more diversified “portfolio” of research and research-related activities than men. We also found no evidence of gender bias in the amount awarded to men and women PIs during the study period. These results show that, despite significant increases in women’s participation in oceanography over the past three decades, women have still not reached parity with men. Although there appears to be no gender bias in funding decisions or amount awarded, there are significant differences between women’s participation in specific research subject areas that may reflect overall systemic biases in oceanography and academia more broadly. These results highlight areas where further investment is needed to improve women’s representation.
Understanding tree-cover transitions, drivers and stakeholders’ perspectives for effective landscape governance: a case study of Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province, Viet Nam
Authors:   World Agroforestry, Phuong Vu Tan , Truong Nguyen Van , Hoan Do Trong , Viet Hoa Hoang Nguyen , Duy Khanh Nguyen
Published: September 2021

Integrated landscape management for sustainable livelihoods and positive environmental outcomes has been desired by many developing countries, especially for mountainous areas where agricultural activities, if not well managed, will likely degrade vulnerable landscapes. This research was an attempt to characterize the landscape in Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province in Northwest Viet Nam to generate knowledge and understanding of local conditions and to propose a workable governance mechanism to sustainably manage the landscape. ICRAF, together with national partners — Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute — and local partners — Son La Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Son La Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Chieng Yen Commune People’s Committee — conducted rapid assessments in the landscape, including land-use mapping, land-use characterization, a household survey and participatory landscape assessment using an ecosystem services framework. We found that the landscape and peoples’ livelihoods are at risk from the continuous degradation of forest and agricultural land, and declining productivity, ecosystem conditions and services. Half of households live below the poverty line with insufficient agricultural production for subsistence. Unsustainable agricultural practices and other livelihood activities are causing more damage to the forest. Meanwhile, existing forest and landscape governance mechanisms are generally not inclusive of local community engagement. Initial recommendations are provided, including further assessment to address current knowledge gaps.
Na interface do embasamento, solos e cobertura: a suscetibilidade à desertificação da Sub-bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Figueiredo, Ceará
Authors: Souza Sérgio Domiciano Gomes de , Souza Anny Catarina Nobre de , Sousa Maria Losângela Martins de
Published: September 2021

A desertificação é um problema ambiental grave que afeta as zonas áridas, semiáridas e subúmidas secas do planeta Terra. Por essa razão, o trabalho visa analisar como a geologia, os solos e a vegetação indicam a suscetibilidade à desertificação da Sub-bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Figueiredo (SBHRF). Assim, buscou-se conhecer as condições geoambientais da área a partir dos sistemas ambientais; verificar a permoporosidade das rochas presentes na sub-bacia; identificar as principais associações de solos; observar a vulnerabilidade dos sistemas ambientais à erosão, bem como o uso e cobertura do solo. Para tanto, foi utilizado o marco metodológico dos indicadores biofísicos de Abraham e Beekmam (2006) associados aos geobiofísicos de Oliveira (2011) para aplicação na área em estudo. Desse modo, a área se apresenta com suscetibilidade que varia de moderada a alta à desertificação, pela baixa permoporosidade das rochas cristalinas que embasam a área, pela vulnerabilidade à erosão que varia de estabilidade mediana com tendência a vulnerável, bem como o estado atual da cobertura vegetal que se apresenta fortemente degradada.
Geodiversity, marketing and photographic images:
Authors: Meira Suedio Alves , Vicente da Silva Edson , Leite do Nascimento Marcos Antonio , Hilario Orús Asier
Published: September 2021

Photography is an important instrument in tourism marketing, which aims to encourage consumption and consolidate the image of a tourist destination in consumers’ minds. The elements of geodiversity with aesthetic and cultural values are commonly used as differentiated products in tourism destinations. This article discusses the relation between geodiversity, tourism marketing and the use of photographs in consolidating the image of a destination, focusing on those based in geotourism practices. The case study analyzes photographs from tourism promotion materials of the Basque Coast UNESCO Global Geopark (Spain), seeking to understand the techniques, fieldwork, symbols and narratives present therein. The methodology involves a theoretical discussion, field work and a qualitative description of the photographs with physical attributes. Geological and geomorphological features of Basque Coast are shown in photographs, highlighting a singular geoheritage that sustains environmental and cultural conservation, a principle that every geopark should construct and transmit.
THE CURRENT STRESS OF EARTH'S CRUST IN THE TERRITORY OF UZBEKISTAN ACCORDING TO FOCAL EARTHQUAKE MECHANISMS
Authors: Ibragimova T. L. , Ibragimov R. S. , Mirzaev M. A. , Rebetsky Yu. L.
Published: September 2021

The current stress of Earth's crust in the territory of Uzbekistan has been studied using a focal earthquake mechanisms catalogue that includes the data provided by many authors. Stress reconstructions are based on the cataclastic analysis of displacements along fractures. For reconstructing the stress state at different depths of the crust in several seismically active regions of the study area, we consider a minimum number of earthquakes in a homogeneous sample equal to 6 and an averaging radius of 10 to 30 km within a single domain. The azimuths and dip angles of the principal stress axes, Lode – Nadai coefficients, geodynamic types of stress modes, relative (normalized to rock strength) values of maximum shear stresses, and effective pressure values are determined. Maps showing the spatial distribution of the studied parameters are constructed for both the entire seismically active layer and the depth layers. Stress fields are reconstructed and compared at two hierarchical levels based on the parameters of focal mechanisms of weak and moderate earthquakes (М≤4.5) and those of strong (М≥5.0) earthquakes. "Tectonic Stresses of Eurasia", the Internet resource created by IPE RAS, is used to visualize the stress field reconstructed from the data on strong (М≥5.0) earthquakes.
TECTONIC AND EROSION FEATURES, AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON ZONAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE UPPER TRIASSIC AND THE LOWER CRETACEOUS SEDIMENTS IN THE EUPHRATES GRABEN AREA, SYRIA
Authors: Yousef I. , Morozov V. P. , El Kadi Mohammad , Alaa Abdullah
Published: September 2021

We have investigated the tectonic and erosion features of the Upper Triassic (Mulussa F Formation) and Lower Cretaceous (Rutbah Formation) sediments in the Euphrates graben area and analysed their influence on changes in the thickness and zonal distribution patterns of these sediments. In this study, the geological modeling software of Petrel Schlumberger is used to model the regional geological structure and stratigraphy from the available geological and geophysical data.

The Upper Triassic and Lower Cretaceous sediments (in total, almost 800 m thick) are the major hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Euphrates graben, which contain approximately 80 to 90 % of the total hydrocarbon reserve in this area. These sedimentary zones experienced variable changes in thickness and zonal distribution due to erosion processes caused by the two major regional unconformities, the Base Upper Cretaceous (BKU) and Base Lower Cretaceous (BKL) unconformities. The maximum thickness of the Upper Triassic sediments amounts to 480 m in the central parts of the Euphrates graben and along the NW-SE trend, i.e. in the dip direction of the Upper Triassic Mulussa F Formation. Towards the NE flank of the graben near the Khleissia uplift and the SW flank near to the Rutbah uplift, the thickness of the Upper Triassic sediments is gradually decreased due to their partial or total erosion caused by the BKL unconformity, and also due to a less space for sediment accumulation near the uplifts. The thickness of the Lower Cretaceous sediments increases in the northern, NW and NE flanks of the graben. Their maximum thickness is about 320 m. The BKL unconformity is the major cause of erosion of the Lower Cretaceous sediments along the southern, SE and SW flanks of the graben. In the Jora and Palmyra areas towards the NW flank of the Euphrates graben, the Upper Triassic and Lower Cretaceous sediments show no changes in thickness. In these areas, there was more space for sediment accumulation, and the sediments were less influenced by the BKL and BKU unconformities and thus less eroded.
LITHOLOGICAL AND FACIAL FEATURES, COMPOSITION, AND SEDIMENTATION CONDITIONS OF TERRIGENOUS-CARBONATE ROCKS OF THE MOTY GROUP (SHAMAN CLIFF, IRKUTSK REGION)
Authors: Motova Z. L. , Plyusnin A. V. , Nikulin E. V.
Published: September 2021

We have studied terrigenous-carbonate rocks in the area near the Sayan mountains in the Irkutsk Region (Russia), specifically at the Shaman Cliff, being the stratotype area of rocks that belong to the Moty group. The cliff’s lower part is composed of sandstones, which fragments gradually decrease in size upward the cross-section. The middle and upper parts are composed of sandy dolomites and dolomites, respectively. In terms of material characteristics, the terrigenous rocks correspond to arkoses. According to the genetic typification, the arkoses are composed of destructed primary igneous rocks. The terrigenous-carbonate rocks contain a carbonate component that gradually increases in the upper part of the cross-section. In the Shaman Cliff cross-section, we distinguish 32 lithological units and eight lithologicalgenetic types of deposits. Paleogeodynamic conditions are reconstructed for the formation of the sedimentation basin. Our study of the Shaman formation reveals specific features of the lithological facies, which suggest that these rocks accumulated in a coastal environment affected by tides. In the study area, clastic materials were mainly removed from an orogen that formed due to the Vendian accretion-collision events in the southern folded frame of the Siberian platform. Dolomites composing the upper part of the cliff are attributed to the Irkutsk formation of the Moty group. Their lithological features give evidence of shallow-marine conditions of their formation, without any supply of clastic material, which contributed to mass dispersal of the Cambrian biota described in [Marusin et al., 2021]. It is our first initiative to draw a boundary between the Shaman and Irkutsk formations of the Moty Group along the base of the carbonate eluvial breccia unit that marks the stratigraphic break. In the cross-section, this boundary represents the border between the Upper Vendian and Lower Cambrian.

Our conclusions are generally consistent with the ideas of most researchers about the Late Vendian evolution of the southern margin of the Siberian platform. The results of our study can be used in further investigation of this area and provide a basis for correlating the studied strata with the same-age reference cross-sections of other regions in Siberia.
Five new species of the land snail genus Landouria Godwin-Austen, 1918 (Gastropoda, Camaenidae) from northeastern Thailand, with note on genitalia and radula morphology of Landouria diplogramma (Möllendorff, 1902)
Authors: Nahok Benchawan , Tumpeesuwan Sakboworn , Tumpeesuwan Chanidaporn
Published: September 2021

Five new species of the terrestrial snail genus Landouria Godwin-Austen, 1918 (Camaenidae) are described from northeastern Thailand, based on shell features, radular morphology, genital anatomy, and DNA sequence data: Landouria circinata sp. nov., L. tuberculata sp. nov., L. trochomorphoides sp. nov., L. chloritoides sp. nov., and L. elegans sp. nov. These species are phylogenetically well separated from each other by mtDNA phy-logeny and COI sequence divergences of 0.073–0.156. The record of Thaitropis Schileyko, 2004 (currently synonymized with Landouria) in Thailand is re-interpreted as referring to L. diplogramma (Möllendorff, 1902) comb. nov.
A gestão democrática nas escolas públicas de Santa Catarina
Authors: Stürmer Arthur Breno , Ferreira Liliana Soares
Published: September 2021

A presença da democracia na Rede de Ensino Pública Catarinense tem sua expressão na construção de escolas democráticas, que se caracterizam pela gestão democrática. A descentralização administrativa e a participação da comunidade na gestão escolar são fatores desse processo, que se apóiam também na legislação educacional e em mecanismos de participação na escola. Estes encontram, nas Instâncias de Gestão Escolar Democrática (IGEDs), um espaço a ser ocupado por todos os segmentos da comunidade escolar a fim de possibilitar o debate em torno da construção em conjunto do projeto pedagógico da escola e promover a abertura democrática da escola pública catarinense. Nisso, os professores são peças-chave. Por isso, sua participação na construção da escola democrática foi investigada, bem como a estrutura de gestão das escolas da Rede de Ensino Pública Catarinense e suas instâncias de gestão. Tratou-se de recolher elementos para elaborar um panorama da gestão democrática na Rede. Os dados da pesquisa provieram do questionamento de vinte professores, distribuídos por nove escolas. Salienta-se que as IGEDs pouco têm contribuído com a gestão escolar democrática, por haver pouca participação e as mesmas se apresentarem como apêndices da direção. Considerando que as restrições à participação, ao debate e ao diálogo mostram-se aquém do esperado para escolas públicas, conclui-se que a continuidade da construção de escolas democráticas na Rede de Ensino Pública Catarinense é um desafio que requer a valorização das IGEDs e o empenho das comunidades escolares na busca pelo direito de decidir os rumos da educação.Palavras-chave: Gestão escolar. Democracia. Participação.
Gestão compartilhada da educação: o discurso e as práticas cotidianas no sistema de ensino do Recife
Authors: Andrade Edson Francisco
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo analisa a questão do compartilhamento das decisões no âmbito da gestão da educação pública, problematizando a relação entre o discurso da gestão democrática e as práticas sociais dos conselheiros escolares e dos gestores do Sistema Municipal de Ensino do Recife. Os dados, coletados através de entrevistas e administração de questionários, foram tratados na perspectiva da análise de discurso. O objetivo é cotejar determinadas concepções e caracterizações da gestão compartilhada, presentes na literatura do campo educacional, e nas entrevistas dos sujeitos da pesquisa, com as nuances que envolvem o processo de proposição de políticas educacionais para o município do Recife. Conclui-se que as ações dos sujeitos que poderiam contribuir para a materialização dos princípios democráticos na gestão da educação municipal são desarticuladas ou silenciadas por um conjunto de fatores, entre os quais se destaca a desarticulação entre as instâncias de participação. Isso prova que a dificuldade de participação que freqüentemente é apontada como limitação estritamente da escola, trata-se de um problema que envolve, sobretudo, os órgãos de maior poder decisório do sistema de ensino. Esse é um elemento que depõe contra o discurso da descentralização no âmbito da gestão educacional, como também explicita o reducionismo do compartilhamento das decisões em nível de gerências administrativas do município.Palavras-chave: Gestão compartilhada. Política educacional. Sistema Municipal de Ensino.
Sentidos situados em eventos de letramento na esfera acadêmica
Authors: Fischer Adriana
Published: September 2021

A constituição de sujeitos letrados na esfera acadêmica representa um processo situado e contextualizado em virtude dos sentidos e das interações verbais entre sujeitos e a língua. Considerando essa perspectiva sociocultural de letramento e contribuições de estudos com a teoria bakhtiniana dos gêneros discursivos, o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de caracterizar como se dá a constituição letrada de alunos ingressos em um curso de Letras, em eventos de letramento na esfera acadêmica. No interior desses eventos, são analisados movimentos dialógicos de três alunas, sujeitos da pesquisa, as quais marcam os estudos de casos etnográficos em foco, por haver processos longitudinais de investigação. Esses processos ocorrem por meio da observação participante em duas disciplinas, orientadas pelo mesmo professor, no curso de Letras, durante todo o ano letivo de 2005. O acompanhamento dos trabalhos permitiu comprovar que os gêneros discursivos foram os objetos de ensino-aprendizagem desencadeadores de muitas ações reflexivas e críticas. Em consequência, foi possível identificar distintos eventos – interDiscursivos, identitários-profissionais e reflexivo-transformativos –, e caracterizar diferentes letramentos em que as alunas vão se constituindo sujeitos letrados. Esses resultados contrariam o discurso da crise do letramento no ensino superior, uma vez que a prática dialógica com a linguagem dá respaldo à sócio-construção dos conhecimentos sobre/da língua. Palavras-chave: Eventos de letramento; Curso de Letras; Sentidos.
Posições de sujeito no campo da educação: de desprestígios, fragilidades e discursos especializados
Authors: Henning Paula Corrêa
Published: September 2021

O presente texto busca trazer alguns dos discursos que circulam por investigações no campo da Educação, anunciando as posições de sujeito no campo dos saberes da Educação. Com a discussão do Triedro dos Saberes em Michel Foucault, pensa-se acerca de certo desprestígio das Ciências Humanas ainda na atualidade, anunciando uma fragilidade teórica no campo da docência. Na correnteza dessa fragilidade, aparecem os chamados especialistas respaldados na Ciência para ajudar o docente a pensar sobre seu campo de trabalho, sugerindo novas práticas corretas do ser professor. Problematiza-se algumas posições que nos constituem enquanto sujeitos e alguns discursos relativos à nossa profissão das Ciências Humanas. Palavras-chave: Educação; Posição de sujeito; Trabalho docente.
Escola: os conflitos sociomorais e a construção da personalidade moral
Authors: Dani Lúcia Salete Celich
Published: September 2021

Este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre os conflitos sociomorais e as violências presentes no ambiente escolar. As informações para este texto foram coletadas durante o desenvolvimento do projeto de pesquisa intitulado “Personalidades morais em construção: os conflitos sociomorais e os sentimentos”. A pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar como as professoras dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental trabalhavam com as situações de conflitos sociomorais e com os sentimentos daqueles que neles estavam envolvidos, para, assim, compreender as repercussões na construção da personalidade moral autônoma dos alunos (PUIG, 1998). Foi previsto na metodologia do projeto, um estudo de caso (LÜDKE; ANDRÉ, 1986), a realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com docentes e a observação das turmas de alunos dessas professoras. Foram entrevistadas 14 professoras dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental de escolas públicas de quatro cidades do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Seis atuavam na cidade de Santa Maria, uma em Faxinal do Soturno, quatro em Nova Palma e três em Roque Gonzales. A pesquisa empírica revelou um universo de dados que apontaram para a existência de conflitos e violências tanto na relação aluno-aluno quanto na relação professora-aluno. Os conflitos e violências observados (em sua maioria) foram decorrentes de um sentimento de abstenção por parte das professoras entrevistadas. Somado ao despreparo na formação, ao desconhecimento de como mediar conflitos e a não compreensão de algumas situações de conflitos como violências, as práticas autoritárias das professoras também se destacaram como um elemento que desfavoreceu a construção da personalidade moral autônoma e a relação EU-TU (BUBER, 1977). Palavras-chave: Conflitos sociomorais; Violências na escola; Personalidade moral.
Discriminação e preconceito como fatores de violência e atitudes docentes como fator de promoção de resiliência na escola
Authors: Scriptori Carmen Campoy , Borges Junior Jair Fortunato
Published: September 2021

A relação entre preconceito social, violência e promoção humana tem sido tema de discurso acadêmico, político e popular, mas ainda assim apresenta-se distante de apontar uma ou mais soluções para este problema que parece ser crescente, deixando vítimas ao longo do caminho. Com este artigo buscamos refletir sobre fatores que interferem na construção do sujeito, especificamente a promoção de resiliência no sujeito, dentro de um recorte étnico-racial afrodescendente. Para tanto, procuramos estabelecer as possíveis relações entre fatores de resiliência e ação docente, dentro de um sistema educacional que, em larga escala, reproduz o preconceito racial, já tão estigmatizado pela sociedade brasileira. Utilizamos como metodologia a pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, de tipo ex post facto, com estudo de caso, por meio de entrevista aberta, com base no Método Clínico Crítico de Piaget. Realizamos pesquisa bibliográfica para confirmar a existência de preconceito racial no sistema público de ensino e fundamentar teoricamente alguns conceitos nesse sentido. Observamos que a literatura, no Brasil, sobre resiliência na Educação ainda é escassa e não encontramos nenhum trabalho relacionado especificamente à resiliência em alunos afrodescendentes. A análise dos dados permitiu-nos inferir que quando um sujeito é enormemente prejudicado pelas circunstâncias do meio pode transcender a tais prejuízos, desde que receba acolhimento e ajuda efetiva de outro(s) ser(es) humano(s), inclusive de seus professores. Nesse sentido, esses fatores podem ser usados como ferramenta docente. Palavras-chave: Preconceito racial; Violência; Resiliência.
A análise sobre a educação na cidade de Pelotas, utilizando os relatórios intendenciais do Governo de Augusto Simões Lopes (1924-1928)
Authors: Oliveira Maria Augusta Martiarena de , Tambara Elomar , Amaral Giana Lange do
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo aborda, através da análise dos Relatórios Intendenciais produzidos pelo governo de Augusto Simões Lopes, intendente de Pelotas de 1924 a 1928, as discussões sobre educação no período. Para a sua realização foram utilizados os relatórios de 1925, 1926, 1927 e 1928. As questões educativas foram intensamente discutidas, tanto no Rio Grande do Sul, quanto em outros estados da nação. Além disso, o positivismo, teoria que marcou o governo do estado durante a República Velha, posicionou-se sobre educação, de tal forma que a atuação de Augusto Simões Lopes foi permeada, também, pela sua relação com o seu Partido (PRR). A análise dos documentos, juntamente com o embasamento em referenciais teórico-metodológicos, permitiu perceber que a educação foi a forma encontrada de fortalecer a República ainda jovem, inculcando símbolos e crenças na população, difundindo o amor pela pátria pelas cidades e pelas zonas mais longínquas. E foi especialmente no ensino primário que se encontrou essa possibilidade. O governo Simões Lopes escolheu o ensino primário como ponto principal, destacado nas propagandas governistas, utilizando-se da construção de obras que lhe dessem visibilidade, como as escolas rurais e os grupos escolares. Palavras-chave: Educação; Relatórios Intendenciais; Primeira República.
Internacionalização do ensino superior e a mobilidade acadêmica
Authors: Pessoni Rosemeire Bom , Pessoni Arquimedes
Published: September 2021

Este estudo retrata e discute a globalização e a internacionalização do ensino superior com ênfase em um dos principais aspectos da internacionalização da educação - a mobilidade acadêmica.  Pesquisas nessa área têm crescido substancialmente nos últimos anos e alguns autores têm se destacado no cenário internacional como Altbach e Knight (2007); Gacel-Ávila (2005); Knight (2003, 2005, 2012) e Wilkins e Hubman (2012).  No Brasil diversos autores também têm se dedicado à essa temática, a exemplo de  Carvalho e Maia (2014); Dias Sobrinho (2010); Lima e Contel (2011); Lima e Maranhão (2009, 2011); Miura (2006); Morosini (2006, 2014); Silva (2018); Stallivieri (2009, 2017) entre outros, e os dados dos relatórios da OCDE e da UNESCO fundamentam esse estudo. Assim, partir da visão de diferentes autores, esse trabalho visa contribuir para a discussão dos aspectos positivos e negativos da internacionalização, as contradições que esse tema suscita e as suas implicações para as universidades.
A review of common natural ventilation and evaporative cooling systems for Greenhouses and the Nigerian reality
Authors: Ikechukwu-Edeh C.E. , Ndukwu M.C. , Ahaneku I.E.
Published: September 2021

Greenhouses simulate the "desired" environment for successful growth and development of plants. They, by design, achieve this desired environment by supplying the necessary climatic inputs needed by the plants to strive and at the same time exclude factors impeding the growth of plants, hence it is called a controlled environment. One of the common and most desired attribute of the greenhouse is its ability to provide effective cooling to the plants. This paper reviewed, extensively, the concept of evaporative cooling as applied in greenhouses. Factors like Vapor Pressure deficit (VPD), Relative Humidity, Ambient Temperature were also discussed with regards to its effects on the efficiency of the evaporative cooling system. The efficiencies of the Fan and Pad System and the Fog systems were reviewed and compared with their consequent dependence on factors like nozzle spacing, nozzle length, saturation efficiency of pad material etc. The Natural Ventilation method was also reviewed as a "stand alone " greenhouse cooling method and as an augmentation to other cooling systems. Factors like rate of air exchange, total area of vents, wind speed, vent opening angles etc. were also discussed in line with their effects on the effectiveness of the Natural ventilation method. The Nigerian Perspective on Greenhouses and its Cooling methods was also discussed with reference to local development of evaporative coolers as well as its importation, its affordability, management, availability and appliance to the Nigerian farming culture.
Numerical Study on Multiple-Blade-Rate Unsteady Propeller Forces for Underwater Vehicles
Authors: Takahashi Kenshiro , Arai Jun , Mori Takayuki
Published: September 2021

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The unsteady propeller forces of an underwater vehicle were numerically simulated using computational fluid dynamics to investigate the effects of the axial location of the stern planes. A benchmark study was undertaken using a three-bladed propeller; experimental results of the nominal inflow wake profile were analyzed and the unsteady propeller forces were measured. The numerical method was applied to predict the unsteady propeller forces in the SUBOFF model’s wake by varying the axial locations of the stern planes. Several remarks were made on the primary harmonics of the hull’s wakes and blade-rate propeller forces.

Introduction

The hydroacoustic noise, which matches multiples of the number of propeller blades and its rotational speed, known as “blade-rate (BR) noise,” has been increasingly used to manage hydroacoustics for naval vessels. BR noise can be caused by alternating blade loads owing to fluctuations in the angle of attack of the blades because marine propellers are operated in the nonuniform wake of ships’ hulls. The unsteady blade load produces unsteady propeller forces that are transmitted via the propeller shaft and bearing, thus producing undesirable vibration and noise. Although the resultant BR noise is a common issue for marine vessels, in particular, submarines and other underwater vehicles deployed for undersea defense systems and oceanographic survey systems require strict specifications for the acoustic signature. Therefore, the unsteady propeller forces must be improved for reduced detectability, because the vehicles should be able to operate without being discovered while sonar detection technology continues to improve.
Ser esponja y formarse en el ámbito del diseño
Authors: Massaguer Lluc
Published: September 2021

¿Qué recomendarías a una persona que quiere estudiar diseño? ¿Qué puede hacer para aprovechar al máximo los estudios que está a punto de iniciar? Estas son preguntas recurrentes en momentos del año como los que estamos ahora, momentos de cambio donde se acaban y se empiezan cursos, grados, másters... Miramos adelante pensando qué camino o qué aventura queremos emprender, intentamos diseñar nuestro futuro y lo queremos hacer de la manera más enriquecedora y provechosa posible.
ПРОГРАМСКЕ КОНЦЕПЦИЈЕ И ПОЗИЦИЈА ПОЗОРИШНИХ ФЕСТИВАЛА
Authors: Глишић Наташа
Published: September 2021

У првом делу рада представљен је кратак осврт на историјат празновања уметности, потом је осветљена улога фестивала у глобализованом свету и рефлексије појединих кретања на позоришне фестивале у окружењу (Србија). У другом делу рада сачињен је преглед позоришних фестивала у Републици Српској, с посебним акцентом на позоришне фестивале у Бањој Луци.
СРПСКО НАРОДНО ПОЗОРИШТЕ НЕКАДА, САДА И СУТРА
Authors: Ђерић Зоран
Published: September 2021

Какво ће бити позориште у будућности зависи од његовог положаја данас, али и од сталног подсећања на улогу коју је имало некад. На примеру Српског народног позоришта у Новом Саду, које је основано 1861. године, настојаћемо да укажемо на разлику између националног и приватног позоришта, између позоришта као културне, пре свега, институције, и позоришта као комерцијалне организације, у сврху забаве и зараде. Чињеница је да су народна позоришта и данас под финансијском и сваком другом заштитом друштва (државе, оштине, града), као и то да су буџетска средства недовољна за одржавање зграде, репертоара, плата запослених, па им се све више приговара да су гломазна, нефункционална и да представљају терет. Позоришни систем је сложен, иако се мењао или прилагођавао са друштвеним (политичким и економским) приликама, његова суштина је остала иста, као и улога коју имао од самог почетка: прављење представе, њено извођење и публика којој је намењена. Никада није занемаривана зарада, ипак, приоритет је уметнички доживљај који треба да остане после гледања одређеног сценског дела. Позориште је имало и треба и даље да има кључну позицију у националној култури, јер се кроз њега рефлектује не само наша садашњост, већ и наша прошлост, али од њега зависи и наша будућност. Позориште је, знамо, временска уметност, ипак је много више од одраза стварности, или онога што је било, односно од онога што верујемо да ће бити. Теорија.
VAŽNOST SUSTAVNOG RIZIKA ZA FUNKCIONIRANJE FINANCIJSKOG SUSTAVA
Authors: Mlinarić Danijel , Nevešćanin Marko
Published: September 2021

Prije globalne financijske krize 2008./2009. godine sustavni rizici nisi bilu u fokusu znanstvenika i istraživača. Nakon velike disrupcije na svjetskim financijskim tržištima, dolazi do značajnih promjena u percepciji važnosti sustavnog rizika. Cilj promatranja sustavnih rizika je uočavanje i sprečavanje moguće krize te ublažavanje njezinih efekata ukoliko nastupi njena materijalizacija. Financijske sustave proteklih godina obilježili su procesi globalizacije, financijske liberalizacije i integracije te sve brži tehnološki napredak. Upravo financijska liberalizacija je postala jedan od izvora sustavnog rizika, dok je integracija povećala njezin doseg, a tehnološki razvoj i novi financijski proizvodi njezino širenje. Sustavni rizik definiran je na mnogo načina. Sve definicije imaju isti nazivnik da prikazuju sustavne rizike kao niz nepovoljnih pojava koje mogu uzrokovati nestabilnosti u financijskom sustavu. Najveći utjecaj na širenje sustavnih rizika imaju sustavno važne financijske institucije, a mjerimo ih pomoću čitavog niza indikatora i indeksa koji su konstruirani na različitm modelima. Sustavno važne financijske institucije važne su jer se poteškoće u njihovom poslovanju mogu „preliti“ na ostale financijske i nefinancijske institucije, a samim time i na cjelokupno gospodarstvo. U ovom radu prikazani su modeli i vrednovanja sustavnog rizika s posebnim osvrtom na financijske sustave Sjedinjenih Američkih Država i Europske unije, što uključuje i regulativne okvire uspostavljene kao posljedica promjena nastalih u financijskim sustavima. Ocjenjeno je trenutno stanje po pitanju materijalizacije sustavnog rizika u Republici Hrvatskoj kao važne determinante efikasnog funkcioniranja financijskog sustava.
THE APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION STANDARDS IN THE ACCOUNTING EDUCATION SYSTEM IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Petrović Teodor M. , Lukić Radojko
Published: September 2021

The accounting profession is facing high standards in the context of complex business transactions, internationalization of business, application of new information technologies and frequent changes in accounting regulations. In order to respond to many challenges, the accountants must go through quality education, a sound foundation of accounting knowledge, skills and continuous training. International Accounting Standards, International Financial Reporting Standards, and International Education Standards set the benchmarks for designing an initial accountant education program and a continuing learning and professional development program for the accounting profession. The aim of this paper is to investigate and analyze the necessary conditions for obtaining a certificate and license to perform accounting operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The analysis of the regulatory framework, the study programs of higher education institutions and the characteristics of the education process, which are related to the acquisition of knowledge and skills for future professional accountants, shows that there are differences in formal education, continuing professional education and training for accountants. The adopted education rules in Bosnia and Herzegovina have created the preconditions for the quality development of future accountants. A high level of expertise and competence is one of the basic conditions and prerequisites for quality accounting performance. The method of analysis and comparison of study programs discovered significant differences in the process of reducing the examinations for acquiring accounting professional titles at higher education institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was concluded that it is necessary to standardize the system of formal education for professional accountants by developing, adopting and implementing international standards of education by prescribing requirements for entry into professional accounting education programs, initial professional development and continuing professional development of future accountants.
STRATEGIC PRIORITIES IN INTERACTION BETWEEN EDUCATIONAL SERVICES AND AGRO-INDUSTRY LABOR MARKET
Authors: Петрович Черданцев Вадим , Викторовна Валетова Ирина
Published: September 2021

The paper considers the strategic priorities of the interaction between the labor market and the educational services market aimed at correcting the imbalance in the labor market in the field of agriculture. The study was conducted on the basis of a set of general scientific methods using strategic and sociological analysis. The main strategic priorities of interaction between the labor market and the educational services market in order to improve the competitiveness of graduates of the vocational education system in the modern labor market have been identified. The paper highlights the role of informal education in ensuring human development as a subject of labor.
Structural characterization of NrnC identifies unifying features of dinucleases
Authors: Lormand Justin D , Kim Soo-Kyoung , Walters-Marrah George A , Brownfield Bryce A , Fromme J Christopher , Winkler Wade C , Goodson Jonathan R , Lee Vincent T , Sondermann Holger
Published: September 2021

RNA degradation is fundamental for cellular homeostasis. The process is carried out by various classes of endolytic and exolytic enzymes that together degrade an RNA polymer to mono-ribonucleotides. Within the exoribonucleases, nano-RNases play a unique role as they act on the smallest breakdown products and hence catalyze the final steps in the process. We recently showed that oligoribonuclease (Orn) acts as a dedicated diribonuclease, defining the ultimate step in RNA degradation that is crucial for cellular fitness (Kim et al., 2019). Whether such a specific activity exists in organisms that lack Orn-type exoribonucleases remained unclear. Through quantitative structure-function analyses, we show here that NrnC-type RNases share this narrow substrate length preference with Orn. Although NrnC and Orn employ similar structural features that distinguish these two classes of dinucleases from other exonucleases, the key determinants for dinuclease activity are realized through distinct structural scaffolds. The structures, together with comparative genomic analyses of the phylogeny of DEDD-type exoribonucleases, indicate convergent evolution as the mechanism of how dinuclease activity emerged repeatedly in various organisms. The evolutionary pressure to maintain dinuclease activity further underlines the important role these analogous proteins play for cell growth.
Navigating the amino acid sequence space between functional proteins using a deep learning framework
Authors: Bitard-Feildel Tristan
Published: September 2021

Motivation

Shedding light on the relationships between protein sequences and functions is a challenging task with many implications in protein evolution, diseases understanding, and protein design. The protein sequence space mapping to specific functions is however hard to comprehend due to its complexity. Generative models help to decipher complex systems thanks to their abilities to learn and recreate data specificity. Applied to proteins, they can capture the sequence patterns associated with functions and point out important relationships between sequence positions. By learning these dependencies between sequences and functions, they can ultimately be used to generate new sequences and navigate through uncharted area of molecular evolution.

Results

This study presents an Adversarial Auto-Encoder (AAE) approached, an unsupervised generative model, to generate new protein sequences. AAEs are tested on three protein families known for their multiple functions the sulfatase, the HUP and the TPP families. Clustering results on the encoded sequences from the latent space computed by AAEs display high level of homogeneity regarding the protein sequence functions. The study also reports and analyzes for the first time two sampling strategies based on latent space interpolation and latent space arithmetic to generate intermediate protein sequences sharing sequential properties of original sequences linked to known functional properties issued from different families and functions. Generated sequences by interpolation between latent space data points demonstrate the ability of the AAE to generalize and produce meaningful biological sequences from an evolutionary uncharted area of the biological sequence space. Finally, 3D structure models computed by comparative modelling using generated sequences and templates of different sub-families point out to the ability of the latent space arithmetic to successfully transfer protein sequence properties linked to function between different sub-families. All in all this study confirms the ability of deep learning frameworks to model biological complexity and bring new tools to explore amino acid sequence and functional spaces.
Two-stage training algorithm for AI robot soccer
Authors: Kim Taeyoung , Vecchietti Luiz Felipe , Choi Kyujin , Sariel Sanem , Har Dongsoo
Published: September 2021

In multi-agent reinforcement learning, the cooperative learning behavior of agents is very important. In the field of heterogeneous multi-agent reinforcement learning, cooperative behavior among different types of agents in a group is pursued. Learning a joint-action set during centralized training is an attractive way to obtain such cooperative behavior; however, this method brings limited learning performance with heterogeneous agents. To improve the learning performance of heterogeneous agents during centralized training, two-stage heterogeneous centralized training which allows the training of multiple roles of heterogeneous agents is proposed. During training, two training processes are conducted in a series. One of the two stages is to attempt training each agent according to its role, aiming at the maximization of individual role rewards. The other is for training the agents as a whole to make them learn cooperative behaviors while attempting to maximize shared collective rewards, e.g., team rewards. Because these two training processes are conducted in a series in every time step, agents can learn how to maximize role rewards and team rewards simultaneously. The proposed method is applied to 5 versus 5 AI robot soccer for validation. The experiments are performed in a robot soccer environment using Webots robot simulation software. Simulation results show that the proposed method can train the robots of the robot soccer team effectively, achieving higher role rewards and higher team rewards as compared to other three approaches that can be used to solve problems of training cooperative multi-agent. Quantitatively, a team trained by the proposed method improves the score concede rate by 5% to 30% when compared to teams trained with the other approaches in matches against evaluation teams.
Soap, water, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): an ancient handwashing strategy for preventing dissemination of a novel virus
Authors: Ijaz M. Khalid , Nims Raymond W. , de Szalay Sarah , Rubino Joseph R.
Published: September 2021

Public Health Agencies worldwide (World Health Organization, United States Centers for Disease Prevention & Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, etc.) are recommending hand washing with soap and water for preventing the dissemination of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. In this review, we have discussed the mechanisms of decontamination by soap and water (involving both removal and inactivation), described the contribution of the various components of formulated soaps to performance as cleansers and to pathogen inactivation, explained why adherence to recommended contact times is critical, evaluated the possible contribution of water temperature to inactivation, discussed the advantages of antimicrobial soaps vs. basic soaps, discussed the differences between use of soap and water vs. alcohol-based hand sanitizers for hand decontamination, and evaluated the limitations and advantages of different methods of drying hands following washing. While the paper emphasizes data applicable to SARS-CoV-2, the topics discussed are germane to most emerging and re-emerging enveloped and non-enveloped viruses and many other pathogen types.