bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of delivery pattern and neonatal outcome in the calendar year 2015 in urban field practice area of Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, India
Authors: Balmur Sarala K. , Guthi Visweswara R. , Naidu Navya K.
Published: January 2017

Background: Neonatal mortality is the number of neonatal deaths in a given year per 1000 live births in that year. It is estimated that 5.9 million children under 5 years of age died in 2015, with a global under-five mortality rate of 42.5 per 1000 live births. Of those deaths, 45% were newborns, with a neonatal mortality rate of 19 per 1000 live births. The present study aimed at to assess the neonatal mortality in the study area and to study the socio demographic factors, obstetric and neonatal factors among study population.Methods: This is a Cross-sectional study conducted in the field practice area of Urban Health Centre (UHC) under department of Community Medicine, KIMS, Narketpally, Nalgonda district, Telangana from February 2016 to April 2016. A total of 240 women were included in the study. Information collected was their socio-demographic data, previous and present obstetric history and utilization of health facilities and condition of Baby after birth.Results: Neonatal mortality rate in the study area during the study period is 8.39/1000 live births. Out of 242 new born babies 129(53.3%) were males and 113 (46.7%) were females. Majority (94.2%) had a birth weight of more than 2.5 kgs. Out of 242 babies 7 babies were suffering from congenital anomalies (2), Sepsis (2) and skin infections (3).Conclusions: Most of the study population were in the age group of 19-25 years, literates, laborers by occupation, Hindu by religion, belong to nuclear families and belong to below poverty line. Most of the new born babies have birth weight >2.5 kgs.
Sexismo en “Digimon”: quince años de inmovilismo = Sexism in “Digimon”: Fifteen years of stagnation
Authors: Vázquez-Miraz Pedro
Published: January 2017

Resumen: Este artículo científico tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis descriptivo sobre el sexismo que mantiene una popular serie japonesa de dibujos animados, “Digimon”. Este programa fue emitido por primera vez en España en el año 2000 y en la actualidad sigue transmitiendo la imagen tradicionalista de los roles sexuales a todos los niños que siguen ese programa. Para poder afirmar lo dicho, se han comparado las principales características personales que la serie otorga a cada uno de sus protagonistas en función de su sexo y las metas que han logrado en las dos primeras temporadas de esta longeva serie, con el nuevo material audiovisual que se ha presentado en el año 2015; junto a un análisis denotativo de los adjetivos calificativos que los protagonistas humanos de la serie usan en cuatro capítulos escogidos al azar de la primera temporada y de los primeros cuatro capítulos de su última temporada. Las conclusiones son claras; tanto en el nuevo como en el viejo material, los protagonistas varones y sus acompañantes representan los estereotipos sexuales masculinos típicos: fuerte liderazgo e importancia de la valentía y fortaleza; mientras que las mujeres, representan los roles sexuales femeninos clásicos: actitud sumisa respecto el líder grupal, gran capacidad de autosacrificio o demostrar afecto por los demás. Palabras clave: sexismo, violencia, roles sociales, estereotipos de género, dibujos animados, televisión. Abstract: This paper describes an analysis of sexism that maintains a popular Japanese cartoon, “Digimon”. This program was first broadcast in Spain in 2000 and actually, continues to transmit the image of traditionalist gender roles to children who watch the program. We have compared the main personal characteristics that the program gives each one of the characters based on their sex and the goals they have achieved in the first two seasons of this longlived program, with the new audio-visual material that was introduced in 2015. Also we did a denotative analysis of four chapters of the first season, randomly selected, and the first four chapters of his final season. Conclusions are clear; in both materials, the male protagonists and their companions represent typical male stereotypes: strong leadership and importance of courage and strength; while women represent classic female roles: submissive attitude toward the group leader, great capacity for auto-sacrifice or show affection for each other. Keywords: sexism, violence, social roles, gender stereotypes, cartoons, television. doi: https://doi.org/10.20318/femeris.2017.3549
AKTIVITAS ANTIMITOTIK DARI EKSTRAK KARANG LUNAK GENUS SINULARIA
Authors: Tanod Wendy Alexander , Mangindaan Remy E. P. , Kapojos Magie
Published: January 2017

Soft coral genus Sinularia be a sources of terpenoid compounds that show efficacy in vitro cytotoxic test using cancer cell lines. The study looked at the morphological changes that occur in fungal mycelial growth of Pyricularia oryzae, such as curling effect indicating antimitotic activity. Four extracts of soft coral genus Sinularia have been examination and this is an primary test to obtain information about the soft coral genus Sinularia that used as sources of compound antimitotic. This research was conducted in several stages, ie extraction of bioactive substances, P. oryzae fungal culture test, and biological testing antimitotic activity with a qualitative assessment methods. From the examination the Sinularia 3 ethyl acetate fraction show the strongest antimitotic activity (to concentration 1,5 μg/ml). Ethyl acetate fraction was purified using column chromatography. From the examination show that fraction of ethyl acetate 1 is the best fraction because still show curling effect on concentration 0,7 μg/ml.Keywords : Antimitotic, Soft Coral, Sinularia, microtubule, Pyricularia oryzae
Mass Mortality of Fish in Lampung Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Sidabutar Tumpak
Published: January 2017

The surface waters in Lampung Bay appeared with dark reddish brown color from the beginning of October until November 2012 due to a bloom, an explosion in the phytoplankton population. This event resulted in the mass mortality of fishes that are cultured in floating nets there. Other smaller and less frequent blooms occurred in the bay the next year. This algal bloom was caused by the dinoflagellate species Cochlodinium polykrikoides. This was thought to be the first bloom of Coclodinium in these waters, or any in Indonesian waters. The highest abundance of Cochlodinium during the incident reached to 3.07 x 107 cells.l-1. Mass fish mortality in the floating nets was due to oxygen depletion, mainly during the night time. The clogging of their gills by dense phytoplankton cells was assumed to be the cause. The population explosion of Cochlodinium was triggered by a high ratio of nitrate and phosphate concentration in the waters. The nutrient ratios of N/P in the water were high, indicating nitrate as a triggering factor and phosphate as a limiting factor.Keywords: algal bloom, Cochlodinium, discoloration, fish mortalities, Lampung Bay
Pengaruh Proteksi Aldehid Untuk Meloloskan Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid Pada Menir Kedelai dan Minyak Ikan Lemuru Secara In Vitro
Authors: Riyanto Joko , Baliarti Endang , Yusiati Lies Mira , Hartatik Tety , Widayati Diah Tri
Published: January 2017

This research was aims to determine the effect of formaldehyde using as a protective material in the soy groats and lemuru fish oil mixtured to escape of the protein and poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) by in vitro. The rumen fluid was derived from donor of the Ongole crosbred fistulated as much as 3 heads. The experimental design used completely randomized design factorial 2x3 pattern consists of two factors:the first factor (soybean groats:lemuru fish oil in the ratio 2:1 and 4:1) and the second factor (the use of formaldehyde at levels of 0%, 2% and 4% base on the dry matter) and was repeated 5 times. The parameters are consist of the nutrient content, the substrates soybean groats and lemuru fish oil the rumen fluid fermented PUFA content by in vitro. Results of the study are levels of protein, fatty acids  oleic, linoleic and arachidonic much available on soybean groats:lemuru fish oil protected formaldehyde at levels of 2% and 4%. The difference between the ratio of soybean groats with lemuru fish oil had no significant (P≥0,05) but significantly different at different levels of formaldehyde (P≤0,05). The conclusion are formaldehyde content of 37% with a level of 2% can be used for protection the soybean groats and lemuru fish oil with a ratio of 4:1 and is able to provide protein as well PUFA.

 

Keywords: soy groats, lemuru fish oil, in vitro, PUFA, formaldehyde protection
Improving People’s Lives: Sustainability and the Role of Petroleum Engineers
Authors: Meehan Nathan
Published: January 2017

President's column

There are many definitions of sustainability, but the 1987 United Nations Brundtland Commission’s remains a standard.

“Meeting the needs of today without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” (WCED 1987)

Some think oil and gas have little role in a sustainable future; global realities suggest otherwise. How is it that a finite energy resource and a source of greenhouse gas emissions can be part of a sustainable future? Oil and gas are essential to meeting the “needs of today;” their prudent use is the safest way to ensure we do not compromise the “ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”

The Society of Petroleum Engineers Board of Directors adopted the following definition of sustainability in 2014:

“Exploration, development and production of oil and gas resources provide affordable energy that contributes significantly to well-being and prosperity.

SPE encourages the responsible management of these oil and gas resources and operations including the appropriate management of social and environmental impacts and their related risks.

SPE demonstrates this commitment by offering its members opportunities to train, share knowledge and advance practices for doing business in ways that balance economic growth, social development, and environmental protection to meet societal needs today and in the future.” (SPE 2014)

Petrowiki also has an excellent discussion of sustainability at http://petrowiki.org/Sustainability, including references to noteworthy papers from www.OnePetro.org.

Safe, affordable energy is central to quality of life. It is essential for farmers to be able to produce sufficient food; for the transportation of this food to consumers; and for housing, heating and cooling, clothing, and all other necessities of life. Quality of life is strongly correlated to energy use.

Supplying energy for the world is a monumental task. There continue to be improvements in renewable energy sources; however, reasonable forecasts of growth in renewables suggest fossil fuels will remain the primary source of the world’s energy for decades to come. Only radical growth in nuclear power could seriously diminish this result. The realities reflecting public concerns over nuclear safety and proliferation of radioactive materials make such growth unlikely.

While coal resources are abundant, concerns over greenhouse gas emissions and the possibilities of pricing carbon through taxes, caps, exchanges or other mechanisms, and the relatively low cost of natural gas, continue to make natural gas a more attractive fuel. This is true whether you expect it to be a relatively near-term “bridge fuel” to a renewable future or (as I do) part of our longer-term energy solutions.

If oil and gas are to be part of a sustainable solution to our energy needs, there are some things we can and should do better as petroleum engineers.
Focus on Ancillary Equipment and Fatigue in Coiled-Tubing Deepwater Commissioning
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: January 2017

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper OTC 25665, “Adaptation of Coiled Tubing for Deep- and Ultradeepwater Commissioning: Focus on Fatigue and Ancillary Equipment,” by François Lirola and François-Régis Pionetti, Saipem, prepared for the 2015 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 4–7 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

The installation of flowlines in ever-deeper and -more-remote areas requires specific technologies for precommissioning. Coiled tubing can be a solution; however, offshore precommissioning can require coiled tubing to be deployed several times for durations sometimes exceeding a month and requires larger diameters. Therefore, a campaign was initiated to characterize the behavior of coiled tubing under combined plastic and elastic fatigue. In addition, an innovative bend-stiffener design was developed to control the stress levels in the coiled tubing at the hangoff location.

Introduction

Precommissioning is a critical part of flowline installation and operation. This process occurs at the end of the installation to validate the integrity and performance of any system before commissioning.

When no direct access is available from a surface facility, precommissioning is, most of the time, performed from a multiservice vessel (MSV) using a flexible line. However, as water depth and the diameter and length of the flowline to be precommissioned increase, the submerged weight of the line becomes an issue, requiring the installation of buoyancy modules to limit the loads transferred to the vessel. To simplify offshore precommissioning activities, the company decided to use coiled tubing.

Coiled tubing offers the advantage of having a higher diameter/weight ratio than flexible lines, allowing for large-diameter tubing to be deployed from an MSV while keeping loads transferred to the vessel at an acceptable level. In addition, coiled tubing has an extensive track record onshore and most of the required components are available off the shelf. However, onshore applications of coiled tubing are essentially static while offshore precommissioning activities are dynamic. The coiled tubing hangs from the vessel and, therefore, is subject to loads from the waves, currents, and vessel motions. This means that the coiled tubing and the associated equipment should be designed to withstand extreme loads and elastic fatigue.
BOPs Become the Focus of Data-Driven Scrutiny
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen
Published: January 2017

BOPs

NOV’s pressure control research and development (R&D) laboratory is in a tall factory building with a row of large, thick-walled booths used to test how blowout preventers (BOPs) perform at extreme temperatures and pressures.

During a tour, NOV’s R&D Lab Manager Roger “Dale” Brown made a point of stopping to open a small electrical box. Nearly all of the 24 slots inside were filled with cartridges, each about the size of a deck of cards. The circuits inside them allow engineers to gather whatever sort of data they need from BOP tests and send it along to NOV’s central data recorder.

The box is a tangible sign of the industry’s growing appetite for data as it seeks ways to reduce risk, increase efficiency, and pare costs. For Brown, it represents a big change from how things were done just 5 years ago, when the only data available often were just printouts of spreadsheets and graphs of pressure test data stored in a file folder.

Having a deep pool of data is “like a different set of glasses,” he said, adding that, “I am asking questions I never asked before.”

At a time when sales of stacks of subsea well control equipment as tall as an office tower are all but dead, BOP makers such as Cameron, GE Oil & Gas, and NOV are all working on developing digital tools to address pressing problems facing customers. An issue for some is the well control rule from the US Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE), which requires deepwater operators to gather real-time data from the BOP control system and come up with a way to do real-time monitoring where offshore data can be observed by expert advisers on shore.

“One of the things we are pushing for is an extra set of eyes onshore, the ability to bring expertise from other areas and provide technical support as issues arise,” said Doug Morris, chief of the office of offshore regulatory programs for BSEE.
Evaluation of Intermittent-Flow Behavior Upstream of Electrical Submersible Pumps
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: January 2017

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 173958, “Experimental Evaluation of Behavior of Intermittent Flow in Scenario of Application of Electrical Submersible Pump,” by Roberto da Fonseca Jr., Paulo Vinicius S.R. Domingos, and Diogo Cunha dos Reis, Petrobras, prepared for the 2015 SPE Artificial Lift Conference—Latin America and Caribbean, Salvador, Brazil, 27–28 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

This work experimentally investigates the behavior of an intermittent multiphase liquid/gas flow that takes place upstream of an electrical submersible pump (ESP). On the basis of the results and associated interpretation, a flow-homogenizer device was designed, built, and tested. Classical ESPs, which, in essence, are composed of a series of radial/ centrifugal impeller/diffuser pairs, are not tailored to work in scenarios with high gas-void-fraction (GVF) values. The apparatus was assembled to avoid the development of intermittent flow.

Introduction

In the oil industry, multiphase flow occurs during the production and transport of oil and gas at wells and in the lines that connect wells to platforms. During well production, the flow from the reservoir to the production platform undergoes depressurization. Consequently, a portion of the liquid hydrocarbon dissociates and becomes gaseous during production.

Multiphase flows are characterized by the existence of several flow patterns. When gas and liquid flow in a pipe at the same time, several flow configurations may exist. These patterns depend on operating variables—namely, the velocity of the liquid and gas, fluid properties, and some geometrical aspects such as pipe diameter and angle. Hydrodynamic aspects of the flow change dramatically as each flow pattern prevails.

Despite the large number of flow patterns, this work focuses on intermittent flow. In this flow pattern, the liquid in the pipe is nonuniformly distributed axially. Plugs or slugs of liquid that fill the pipe are separated by gas zones, which contain a stratified liquid layer flowing along the bottom of the pipe. The liquid in the slug may be aerated by small bubbles, which are concentrated toward the front of the slug and the top of the pipe. The intermittent pattern is usually subdivided into slug and elongated-bubble patterns. In principle, the flow behaviors of slug and elongated-bubble flow appear to be the same, with regard to the flow mechanism; therefore, there is no particular advantage in distinguishing between them.
Gas Producers Look for Opening
Authors: Donnelly John
Published: January 2017

Editor's column

While the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) has shifted strategy over the past couple of years, losing some of its clout to control oil prices, major natural gas producers are working to create their own cartel that they hope could bring some stability to international gas prices.

OPEC, led by Saudi Arabia, decided in late 2014 to stop shoring up oil prices by tweaking global oil supply, leaving it to market dynamics to determine the price of oil. The thinking was to keep market share away from higher-cost producers, such as those in the North American shale. The strategy has basically worked, leaving lots of carnage in its wake.

The world’s largest gas producers have a different motive. Because gas is not as tradable as oil, with prices often locked into long-term contracts, gas producers have less ability to influence prices as oil producers do. But the emergence of liquefied natural gas (LNG) trade may provide a potential opening for the gas producers group.

Twelve country members and nine observer states met in Iran recently to further develop the strategy of the Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF). Participants included Iran, Iraq, Russia, Qatar, Venezuela, Bolivia, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria, Algeria, Trinidad and Tobago, Egypt, and Libya, among others. It was the largest gathering of the 14-year-old organization, whose members account for almost two-thirds of the world’s gas reserves. Participants discussed the latest trends, developments, and policies affecting natural gas and reaffirmed their support for the objectives of the GECF, which is to support the “collective interests” of its members and encourage cooperation. During the forum, Iran’s president called on gas producers to coordinate policies to increase the share of natural gas in the global energy picture.

The GECF lobbied the recent United Nations climate change summit in Paris, noting that gas is a much cleaner-burning energy source than some alternatives. Gas producers are aware that renewables are growing faster than some expected and could undermine gas’ assumed role as the fuel that will bridge oil to future energy supplies.

One of the biggest concerns among producers is the pricing mechanism used for gas worldwide. Most of the world’s gas supply is locked in long-term contracts, affecting the seller’s ability to take advantage of market conditions. Although LNG is shipped by tankers and can be priced in short-term contracts, compressed natural gas is shipped via pipeline, making it dependent on long-term deals.

Gas producers want what oil producers want—security of demand to fund their economies into the future. But an international gas cartel would face hurdles. Even as LNG trade continues to grow, some of the major LNG exporters—the US, Australia, and Canada—are unlikely to join a cartel. And the volume of global LNG trade still would not approach that of oil, leaving a less transparent market. In addition, the cost of liquefaction infrastructure would likely see players looking for long-term contracts. JPT
Service Company Explores Pathways To Make Driving Inherently Safer
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: January 2017

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 177558, “Pathways To Make Driving Inherently Safer Within the Service Company’s Operations,” by Sergey Peresypkin and Alessandro Guariento, SPE, Baker Hughes, prepared for the 2015 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 9–12 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

In risk management, an inherently safer approach implies an attempt to eliminate, or at least reduce the severity and likelihood of, incident occurrence through careful attention to fundamental design and layout. This paper examines whether this approach can be applied and be effective in managing transportation safety concerning which, historically, most of the responsibility for safe driving has been placed on the individual driver and less on the design of the transportation system and features of the equipment.

Introduction

As is often the case for change management, this undertaking was motivated by a tragic motor-vehicle accident in Saudi Arabia, which resulted in three fatalities, two employees and a third-party driver. Transportation-management systems were implemented and in place, including a contractor-selection process, journey-management program, defensive-driving training, and in- vehicle monitoring systems, but, as sometimes happens, compliance with planning and executional requirements was inadequate. The accident-investigation findings uncovered a number of gaps that existed in the transportation-management system and that eventually led to the catastrophic event. These revelations, coupled with the vision that “all motor-vehicle accidents are preventable,” presented an opportunity to revisit the way transportation safety was managed. The entire life cycle of the journey was reviewed and reorganized, from the planning stage of the journey to journey’s completion. Such an approach posed a challenge to the company definition of “preventability” for motor-vehicle accidents, which states that a preventable accident is a vehicle accident in which the driver could have driven (but failed to do so) in such a manner as to identify an accident-producing situation soon enough to take reasonable and prudent action to avoid such an accident. This definition places the primary responsibility for preventing a vehicle accident on the driver and his ability to anticipate road hazards, assess the risks, and take actions to avoid the accident through the ability to challenge the process, including questioning the need or timing of the journey itself.
As Iran Ramps Up Production, Industry Views Contract Terms
Authors: Parshall Joel
Published: January 2017

Middle East Special Section

Iran has surprised many global market experts with how rapidly it has increased crude oil production, following the January international agreement that lifted nuclear-related sanctions against the country. Production rose by 25% to hit the pre-sanctions level of 3.6 million B/D in April, shattering major analysts’ predictions that it would take a year to do so, and increased to 4 million B/D during the summer. Exports have doubled to more than 2 million B/D.

However, notwithstanding Iran’s early success, most market observers believe the country will be challenged to sustain a 4 million B/D output for the rest of the year. And for Iranian production to grow to 4.8 million B/D in 5 years, a goal that Petroleum Minister Bijan Zangeneh stated in June, the country will require a large infusion of capital from international oil and gas companies.

To keep its ambitions on track, Iran has set an objective of attracting USD 180 billion in international investment for its oil and gas sector. Of this amount, between USD 70 billion and 100 billion is needed for upstream projects, and Iran hopes to bring in from USD 20 billion to 30 billion of that for projects in its initial tendering round for licensing projects.

The Iran Petroleum Contract

Understandably, the global industry has been paying close attention to the Iran Petroleum Contract (IPC), the new framework approved by the Iranian government in early August for signing agreements with international operators to explore for and develop oil and gas resources in the country. While the framework was approved, questions remain over numerous details.

For priority projects under the IPC, Iran worked from a technical services contract model, under which an operating company bears all capital costs up to first production, or targeted incremental production, and begins to recover its costs from production proceeds. The percentage of proceeds from which costs can be recovered may be negotiated field by field but will not exceed 50% for oil fields and 75% for gas fields.

Previously, Iran used a system of buy-back contracts. Under these, the operator’s capital investment level and cost-recovery period were negotiated with the government and a fixed rate of return was set. If exploratory drilling led to a viable project, the operator’s capital expenditure for exploration and development was considered a loan to the state. The government compensated the company through annuity payments that began when production started, or a production target was met, and continued for the life of the contract.

Iran is likely to continue using buyback contracts for lower priority projects. An important question is where it will draw the line between IPC projects and those on a buy-back or other contractual basis.
Four Answers to the Question: What Can I Learn From Analytics?
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen
Published: January 2017

The future of data-driven analysis in exploration and production (E&P) will depend on whether it can add value in the field.

Four examples of what is possible were presented recently at the 2016 Unconventional Resources Technology Conference (URTEC) in San Antonio with the authors of papers posing questions such as:

Does it matter if a lateral is drilled toe-up or toe-down?

What are the changes in a fracturing design that will offer the biggest production payoff?

Why has the drilling slowdown not depressed production from unconventional gas plays?

What is the half-life of my field, and why should I care?

The stories below bring together advanced statistical analysis methods with multiple names: analytics, big data, machine learning, and even a “physio statistical engine for automatic stochastic production forecasting.”

All this new E&P math is aimed at identifying patterns and relationships that otherwise would be missed. But automatic and self-learning does not mean all-knowing.

For example, one of the programs used to analyze fracturing used facial recognition to classify pressure changes during each stage to sort them into different classes.

Production data revealed that one of the classes of fractures, characterized by a pressure bump near the end of the stage that could mean trouble, were often more productive than those that went exactly according to plan. But it was up to the completion team to figure out how to apply that observation.

The process is “brutally empirical,” said Roger Anderson, president of AKW Analytics, who led the study for Range Resources. He said the method is good at identifying what is happening, but it is unable to determine why or how it happened.
CONSTRUCTION AND RESEARCH OF FULL BALANCE ENERGY OF VARIATIONAL PROBLEM MOTION SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER FLOWS
Authors: Venherskyi Petro
Published: January 2017

Based on the laws of conservation of mass and momentum the basic equations of motion with unknown quantities velocity and piezometric pressure are written. These equations are supplemented with boundary and initial conditions describing the motion of compatible flows. Based on the laws of motion continuum, received conditions contact on the common border interaction of surface and groundwater flows. Variational problems formulated compatible flow. Energy norms of basic components of variational problem are analyzed. Correctness of constructing variational problem arising from construction of the energy system of equations that allow to investigate properties of the problem solution, its uniqueness, stability, dependence on initial data and more. Energy equation of motion of surface and groundwater flows are derived and investigated. It is shown that the total energy compatible flow depends on sources that are located inside the domain or on its border.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF HORIZONTAL DISPLACEMENT OF ABOVE-GROUND GAS PIPELINES
Authors: Kukhtar Denys
Published: January 2017

The modern geodetic equipment allows observations as soon as possible, providing high accuracy and productivity. Achieving high accuracy of measurement is impossible without taking into account external factors that create influence on an observation object. Therefore, in order to evaluate an influence of thermal displacement on the results of geodetic monitoring a mathematical model of horizontal displacement of above-ground pipelines was theoretically grounded and built. In this paper we used data of experimental studies on the existing pipelines "Soyuz" and "Urengoy - Pomary - Uzhgorod". Above-ground pipeline was considered as a dynamic system "building - environment". Based on the characteristics of dynamic systems the correlation between the factors of thermal influence and horizontal displacement of the pipeline axis was defined.

Establishing patterns between input factors and output response of the object can be useful not only for geodetic control, but also for their consideration in the design of new objects. It was investigated that the greatest influence on the accuracy of geodetic observations can create dispersion of high-frequency oscillations caused by daily thermal displacement. The magnitude of displacement exceeds actual measurement error.

The article presents the results of calculation of high-frequency oscillations of above-ground gas pipeline.

The result made it possible to substantiate the accuracy and methodology of geodetic observations of the horizontal displacement of pipeline axes taking into account an influence of cyclical thermal displacement.

Research results were recommended for use in practice for enterprises that serve the main gas pipelines and successfully tested by specialists of PJSC "Ukrtransgaz" (Kharkiv, Ukraine) during the technical state control of aerial pipeline crossing in Ukraine and also can be used to form the relevant regulations.
Attempts on (writing) her life: ethics and ontology in pro-feminist playwriting.
Authors: Green Kai Roland
Published: January 2017

Does a feminist dramaturgy exist for male playwrights? The post-1990s work of British playwrights Simon Stephens, Tim Crouch and Martin Crimp variously enact an attrition between female protagonists and male writers. Appraising these "attempts on (writing) her life" requires a feminist criticality that can incorporate the unique, intersubjective relation of playwright and character. What is the gendered relationship of these actors? In the manner of Performance/Philosophy, this essay finds that Levinasian fecundity answers this call – finding a crucial space for continental philosophy in the pro-feminist movement. Drawing on the philosophical significance of “objectification”, this essay argues that ethical portrayals of gender - in Peggy Phelan’s notion of the ‘representational economy’ - bestow a responsibility upon male playwrights to explore the potential to contribute to feminist critical writing. Whether this is a matter of ontology – and the essentialism of sexual difference that accompanies such a position – is weighed against the ethics of men-writing-women.
Morphometric measurement of Dutch clarias fed with bambara nut and coconut chaff.
Authors: L. Chinakwe N. , J.* Solomon R.
Published: January 2017

The length weight relationship and diet of Dutch Clarias was investigated in the University of Abuja, permanent site. 60 Dutch Clarias (fingerlings) of weight 0-20g and length (0-10cm) were grouped into three replicated tank, and fed for twelve weeks with a local formulated feed (Bambara nut and Coconut Chaff) and Coppen. Tank A had Coppen feeds which served as the control with a 42% crude protein, 13% Carbohydrate, 29% crude fibre, and 8% Ash, while Tank B has 42.25% protein, 48.41% Carbohydrate, 1.9% crude fibre, and 2.9% Ash, 10.8% crude lipid and 9.40% moist, fed Bambara nut and Coconut chaff at a ratio of 70to 30%. Tank C was served Bambara nut and Coconut chaff at a ratio of 30 to 70%, with an analysis of 42.18% crude protein, 58.37% Carbohydrate, 10.80% crude lipid, and 2.45% Ash, 0.5% crude fibre. Body and were fed 4% body weight twice daily (6 to 8 am, and 6 to 9pm). Their total weight and length were measured weekly and converted into log to calculate the relationship between them. Treatment A had a significant growth (p<0.05), followed by Tank B and C subsequently.
Accounting for Professional Accountants' Dysfunctional Knowledge Sharing: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective
Authors: Cockrell R. Cameron , Stone Dan N. , Wier Benson
Published: January 2017

Investigating how and why accounting professionals share useless and harmful knowledge challenges designers of accounting systems and organizational leaders. In this paper, we extend self-determination theory (SDT) to investigate the influence of financial incentives on (1) harmful, and (2) masked, i.e., organizationally useless, knowledge sharing (KS) among accounting professionals (n = 428) by adapting measures from SDT to the professional accounting context. Although self-disclosed dysfunctional KS is infrequent in our sample, the results indicate that, consistent with the predictions of our extension of SDT, accountants with higher controlled (higher autonomous) motivation are more (less) influenced by financial incentives and engage in more (less) dysfunctional KS.

Data Availability: Contact the authors.
Increase in Pancreatic Proinsulin and Preservation of β-Cell Mass in Autoantibody-Positive Donors Prior to Type 1 Diabetes Onset
Authors: Rodriguez-Calvo Teresa , Zapardiel-Gonzalo Jose , Amirian Natalie , Castillo Ericka , Lajevardi Yasaman , Krogvold Lars , Dahl-Jørgensen Knut , von Herrath Matthias G.
Published: January 2017

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the loss of insulin production caused by β-cell dysfunction and/or destruction. The hypothesis that β-cell loss occurs early during the prediabetic phase has recently been challenged. Here we show, for the first time in situ, that in pancreas sections from autoantibody-positive (Ab+) donors, insulin area and β-cell mass are maintained before disease onset and that production of proinsulin increases. This suggests that β-cell destruction occurs more precipitously than previously assumed. Indeed, the pancreatic proinsulin-to-insulin area ratio was also increased in these donors with prediabetes. Using high-resolution confocal microscopy, we found a high accumulation of vesicles containing proinsulin in β-cells from Ab+ donors, suggesting a defect in proinsulin conversion or an accumulation of immature vesicles caused by an increase in insulin demand and/or a dysfunction in vesicular trafficking. In addition, islets from Ab+ donors were larger and contained a higher number of β-cells per islet. Our data indicate that β-cell mass (and function) is maintained until shortly before diagnosis and declines rapidly at the time of clinical onset of disease. This suggests that secondary prevention before onset, when β-cell mass is still intact, could be a successful therapeutic strategy.
Deking Out Reality: The Challenges of Staging Hockey
Authors: Frey Heather Fitzsimmons
Published: January 2017

Through conversations with nine artists about seven performance projects from across Canada, this article discusses complex challenges of staging the speed and finesse of hockey. The artists engage with ideas of Canadian national identity, gender, embodiment, story, and the hockey knowledgeable body.
Influence of Remotely Operated Stop–Slow Controls on Driver Behavior in Work Zones
Authors: Debnath Ashim Kumar , Blackman Ross , Haworth Narelle , Adinegoro Yusuf
Published: January 2017

Remotely operated devices for traffic control—portable traffic lights and automated flagger assistance devices—are used to improve flagger safety in a one-lane-each-way work zone with lane closure. Previous research has measured the effectiveness of these devices as driver compliance rates and driver understanding of the devices, but the effects of these devices on driver behavior have not yet been examined comprehensively. Therefore, the influence of remotely operated stop–slow traffic control devices on driver behavior was examined. Video-recorded traffic movements from a rural work zone in the Queensland state of Australia provided driver speeds, deceleration profiles, stopping behavior, and compliance rates for a set of remotely operated devices new to Australia: static red–amber–green lights, static red–amber lights, static red–amber arrow lights, and mechanical stop–slow signs. Pneumatic tube traffic counters were used to collect driver speeds before and after the devices, and an on-road driver survey was conducted to elicit driver understanding of the devices. Results indicated that drivers had difficulty understanding the new devices, particularly the amber light and amber arrow options (which confused drivers about their meaning—to stop or to go). The new remotely operated devices resulted in higher approach speeds, greater variability in approach speeds, and faster deceleration rates than the flagger method. The good compliance rates observed with the remotely operated devices imply that the devices could improve flagger safety by reducing flagger exposure to traffic; however, the negative effects on driver behavior might indicate an increased risk of rear-end crashes in the advance warning area.
Effect of Gypsum Application Rate, Soil Type, and Soil Calcium on Yield, Grade and Seed Quality of Runner Type Peanut Cultivars
Authors: III J.A. Arnold , Beasley J.P. , Harris G.H. , Grey T.L. , Cabrera M.
Published: January 2017

Calcium (Ca) availability in the 0 to 8 cm soil depth often limits peanut yield and influences grade in the southeastern United States. Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 at the University of Georgia's Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA (CPES) and the Southwest Georgia Research and Education Center, Plains, GA (SWREC) to determine large-seeded (Georgia-06G) and medium-seed sized (Georgia Greener) runner-type cultivar response to gypsum application rates of 0, 560, 1120, 1650 kg/ha. Peanut pod yield and grade (TSMK) were significantly different between locations with 7610 and 6540 kg/ha at CPES and SWREC, respectively. However, there were no differences between peanut cultivars or gypsum rates. Standard germination, seed vigor (cold germination), and seed Ca content analysis were also conducted on subsamples from each plot. Average peanut seed germination was 97% across all samples. No differences were observed for standard germination or vigor testing. Differences in locations were observed for yield, TSMK, percent jumbo, percent medium kernels, and seed Ca content. Peanut cultivar and gypsum application rate had effects on seed Ca concentration. Seed Ca concentration levels were 825 and 787 mg/kg for Georgia Greener and Georgia-06G, respectively. Seed Ca content increased as field gypsum application rate increased at both locations.
Measure the Propagation of a Halo CME and Its Driven Shock with the Observations from a Single Perspective at Earth
Authors: Lu Lei , Inhester Bernd , Feng Li , Liu Siming , Zhao Xinhua
Published: January 2017

We present a detailed study of an Earth-directed coronal mass ejection (full-halo CME) event that happened on 2011 February 15, making use of white-light observations by three coronagraphs and radio observations by Wind/WAVES. We applied three different methods to reconstruct the propagation direction and traveling distance of the CME and its driven shock. We measured the kinematics of the CME leading edge from white-light images observed by Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) Aand B, tracked the CME-driven shock using the frequency drift observed by Wind/WAVES together with an interplanetary density model, and obtained the equivalent scattering centers of the CME by the polarization ratio (PR) method. For the first time, we applied the PR method to different features distinguished from LASCO/C2 polarimetric observations and calculated their projections onto white-light images observed by STEREO-A and STEREO-B. By combining the graduated cylindrical shell (GCS) forward modeling with the PR method, we proposed a new GCS-PR method to derive 3D parameters of a CME observed from a single perspective at Earth. Comparisons between different methods show a good degree of consistence in the derived 3D results.
To the Edge of M87 and Beyond: Spectroscopy of Intracluster Globular Clusters and Ultracompact Dwarfs in the Virgo Cluster
Authors: Ko Youkyung , Hwang Ho Seong , Lee Myung Gyoon , Park Hong Soo , Lim Sungsoon , Sohn Jubee , Jang In Sung , Hwang Narae , Park Byeong-Gon
Published: January 2017

We present the results of a wide-field spectroscopic survey of globular clusters (GCs) in the Virgo cluster. We obtain spectra for 201 GCs and 55 ultracompact dwarfs (UCDs) using Hectospec on the Multiple-Mirror Telescope and derive their radial velocities. We identify 46 genuine intracluster GCs (IGCs), not associated with any Virgo galaxies, using the 3D GMM test on the spatial and radial velocity distribution. They are located at a projected distance 200 kpc ≲ R ≲ 500 kpc from the center of M87. The radial velocity distribution of these IGCs shows two peaks, one at v
r = 1023 km s−1, associated with the Virgo main body, and another at v
r = 36 km s−1, associated with the infalling structure. The velocity dispersion of the IGCs in the Virgo main body is σ
GC ∼ 314 km s−1, which is smoothly connected to the velocity dispersion profile of M87 GCs but is much lower than that of dwarf galaxies in the same survey field, σ
dwarf ∼ 608 km s−1. The UCDs are more centrally concentrated on massive galaxies—M87, M86, and M84. The radial velocity dispersion of the UCD system is much smaller than that of dwarf galaxies. Our results confirm the large-scale distribution of Virgo IGCs indicated by previous photometric surveys. The color distribution of the confirmed IGCs shows a bimodality similar to that of M87 GCs. This indicates that most IGCs are stripped off dwarf galaxies and some off massive galaxies in the Virgo.
A Comparison between Physics-based and Polytropic MHD Models for Stellar Coronae and Stellar Winds of Solar Analogs
Authors: Cohen O.
Published: January 2017

The development of the Zeeman–Doppler Imaging (ZDI) technique has provided synoptic observations of surface magnetic fields of low-mass stars. This led the stellar astrophysics community to adopt modeling techniques that have been used in solar physics using solar magnetograms. However, many of these techniques have been neglected by the solar community due to their failure to reproduce solar observations. Nevertheless, some of these techniques are still used to simulate the coronae and winds of solar analogs. Here we present a comparative study between two MHD models for the solar corona and solar wind. The first type of model is a polytropic wind model, and the second is the physics-based AWSOM model. We show that while the AWSOM model consistently reproduces many solar observations, the polytropic model fails to reproduce many of them, and in the cases where it does, its solutions are unphysical. Our recommendation is that polytropic models, which are used to estimate mass-loss rates and other parameters of solar analogs, must first be calibrated with solar observations. Alternatively, these models can be calibrated with models that capture more detailed physics of the solar corona (such as the AWSOM model) and that can reproduce solar observations in a consistent manner. Without such a calibration, the results of the polytropic models cannot be validated, but they can be wrongly used by others.
Gas-phase Absorption of
Below 10 K: Astronomical Implications
Authors: Campbell E. K. , Holz M. , Maier J. P.
Published: January 2017

The electronic spectrum of the fullerene dication

has been measured in the gas phase at low temperature in a cryogenic radiofrequency ion trap. The spectrum consists of a strong origin band at 7030 Å and two weaker features to higher energy. The bands have FWHMs of 35 Å indicating an excited state lifetime on the order of one-tenth of a picosecond. Absorption cross-section measurements yield (2 ± 1) × 10−15 cm2 at 7030 Å. These results are used to predict the depth of diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) due to the absorption by

. At an assumed column density of 2 × 1012 cm−2 the attenuation of starlight at 7030 Å is around 0.4% and thus the detection of such a shallow and broad interstellar band would be difficult. The electronic spectrum of

shows no absorptions in the visible. Below 4000 Å the spectra of C60,

and

are similar. The large intrinsic FWHM of the features in this region, ∼200 Å for the band near 3250 Å, make them unsuitable for DIB detection.