bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Meteorological versus In Situ Variables in Ship Thermal Simulations
Authors: Arce Elena , Suárez-García Andrés , López-Vázquez José Antonio , Devesa-Rey Rosa
Published: April 2024

Thermal simulations have become increasingly popular in assessing energy efficiency and predicting thermal behaviors in various structures. Calibration of these simulations is essential for accurate predictions. A crucial aspect of this calibration involves investigating the influence of meteorological variables. This study aims to explore the impact of meteorological variables on thermal simulations, particularly focusing on ships. Using TRNSYS (TRaNsient System Simulation) software (v17), renowned for its capability to model complex energy systems within buildings, the significance of incorporating meteorological data into thermal simulations was analyzed. The investigation centered on a patrol vessel stationed in a port in Galicia, northwest Spain. To ensure accuracy, we not only utilized the vessel’s dimensions but also conducted in situ temperature measurements onboard. Furthermore, a dedicated weather station was installed to capture real-time meteorological data. Data from multiple sources, including Meteonorm and MeteoGalicia, were collected for comparative analysis. By juxtaposing simulations based on meteorological variables against those relying solely on in situ measurements, we sought to discern the relative merits of each approach in enhancing the fidelity of thermal simulations.
The Advantage of the 5G Network for Enhancing the Internet of Things and the Evolution of the 6G Network
Authors: Gkagkas Georgios , Vergados Dimitrios J. , Michalas Angelos , Dossis Michael
Published: April 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) is what we have as a great breakthrough in the 5G network. Although the 5G network can support several Internet of Everything (IoE) services, 6G is the network to fully support that. This paper is a survey research presenting the 5G and IoT technology and the challenges coming, with the 6G network being the new alternative network coming to solve these issues and limitations we are facing with 5G. A reference to the Control Plane and User Plane Separation (CUPS) is made with IPv4 and IPv6, addressing which is the foundation of the network slicing for the 5G core network. In comparison to other related papers, we provide in-depth information on how the IoT is going to affect our lives and how this technology is handled as the IoE in the 6G network. Finally, a full reference is made to the 6G network, with its challenges compared to the 5G network.
Prediction of Degraded Infrastructure Conditions for Railway Operation
Authors: Sanz Bobi Juan de Dios , Garrido Martínez-Llop Pablo , Rubio Marcos Pablo , Solano Jiménez Álvaro , Fernández Javier Gómez
Published: April 2024

In the railway sector, rolling stock and infrastructure must be maintained in perfect condition to ensure reliable and safe operation for passengers. Climate change is affecting the urban and regional infrastructure through sea level rise, water accumulations, river flooding, and other increased-frequency extreme natural situations (heavy rains or snows) which pose a challenge to maintenance. In this paper, the use of artificial intelligence based on predictive maintenance implementation is proposed for the early detection of degraded conditions of a bridge due to extreme climatic conditions. For this prediction, continuous monitoring is proposed, with the aim of establishing alarm thresholds to detect dangerous situations, so restrictions could be determined to mitigate the risk. However, one of the main challenges for railway infrastructure managers nowadays is the high cost of monitoring large infrastructures. In this work, a methodology for monitoring railway infrastructures to define the optimal number of transductors that are economically viable and the thresholds according to which infrastructure managers can make decisions concerning traffic safety is proposed. The methodology consists of three phases that use the application of machine learning (Random Forest) and artificial cognitive systems (LSTM recurrent neural networks).
Can Artificial Intelligence Treat My Urinary Tract Infections?—Evaluation of Health Information Provided by OpenAI™ ChatGPT on Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Zhuo Kevin Yinkit , Kim Paul , Kovacic James , Chalasani Venu , Rasiah Krishan , Menogue Stuart , Chung Amanda
Published: April 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are highly prevalent and have significant implications for patients. As internet-based health information becomes more relied upon, ChatGPT has emerged as a potential source of healthcare advice. In this study, ChatGPT-3.5 was subjected to 16 patient-like UTI queries, with its responses evaluated by a panel of urologists. ChatGPT can address general UTI questions and exhibits some reasoning capacity in specific contexts. Nevertheless, it lacks source verification, occasionally overlooks vital information, and struggles with contextual clinical advice. ChatGPT holds promise as a supplementary tool in the urologist’s toolkit, demanding further refinement and validation for optimal integration.
The Impact of a 12-Week Aqua Fitness Program on the Physical Fitness of Women over 60 Years of Age
Authors: Kucia Katarzyna , Koteja Agnieszka , Rydzik Łukasz , Javdaneh Norollah , Shams Arash , Ambroży Tadeusz
Published: April 2024

Background: This study aimed to assess the impact of a 12-week Aqua Fitness program on the physical fitness of older women and emphasize sustainable health practices for aging populations. We focused on evaluating the program’s effectiveness, using the Senior Fitness Test to measure improvements in physical capabilities. Methods: An experimental research design was implemented, with 30 participants aged 60 and older. The participants were divided into a control group and an experimental group, each comprising 15 individuals. The control group received aqua Fitness exercises, and the experimental group received aqua fitness exercises and isometric (combined) exercises. Lower limb muscle strength, upper limb muscle strength, lower body flexibility, upper body flexibility, dynamic balance, agility, and endurance were assessed using the Senior Fitness Test. Assessments were conducted pre- and post-training. Results: For a comparison within the group, combined exercises (aqua fitness and isometric exercises) had a significant effect on lower limb muscle strength, upper limb muscle strength, lower body flexibility, upper body flexibility on the right side, dynamic balance, agility, and endurance. Aqua fitness exercises alone showed significant effects on upper limb muscle strength, lower body flexibility, and endurance and no significant effects on other variables. For the comparison between groups, no significant differences were found between the effects of aqua fitness exercises and combined exercises on lower limb muscle strength, upper limb muscle strength, lower body flexibility, upper body flexibility, and endurance. Significant differences were found only in dynamic balance and agility between the two groups of aqua fitness and combined exercises. Conclusions: Although the combined program (aqua fitness and isometric exercises) had a greater effect on improving the physical fitness of older adults than aqua fitness alone, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Therefore, the results of this study highlight the potential of aqua fitness in promoting sustainable health and physical fitness in the older adult population.
Barriers to Adopting Digital Technologies to Implement Circular Economy Practices in the Construction Industry: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Thirumal Sivanuja , Udawatta Nilupa , Karunasena Gayani , Al-Ameri Riyadh
Published: April 2024

The construction industry is a resource- and energy-intensive sector, and, thus, it has been criticised due to rising environmental concerns. As a result, it has gained heightened interest in the concept of the circular economy (CE) over the last decade due to its ability to promote the slowing, reducing, and closing production and consumption cycles of materials and products used in construction projects. Current research studies suggest that digital technologies may enhance the construction industry’s ability to integrate the concept of CE into its practices. However, a clear understanding of digital technology (DT)-related barriers that hinder practical implementation of CE appears to be lacking within the sector. Thus, this study aims to identify the barriers to adopting DTs to implement CE practices in the construction industry. A systematic literature review was conducted by reviewing twenty-eight (28) relevant papers published until March 2024 in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The VOS viewer software (version 1.6.11) was used to perform a co-occurrence analysis of keywords to identify new and popular study areas in the field. The content analysis was used to analyse the significant barriers to adapting DTs to implement CE in the construction industry; frequency and Pareto analyses were used to determine the most critical obstacles. This study identified thirty-seven (37) barriers to using DTs to implement CE, categorised into nine areas: organisational, infrastructure, regulatory, standardisation, investment, nature of the construction industry, technological, stakeholder, and data-related barriers. Of these thirty-seven barriers, nineteen were identified as critical barriers based on Pareto analysis. These findings will benefit construction practitioners and policymakers who want to adopt DTs to integrate CE practices in the construction industry.
Current Situation of Traditional Architecture Located inside Cultural Mayan Heritage Spaces in Remote Villages of Guatemala: Case of the Black Salt Kitchens
Authors: Yon Secaida Luis Pablo , Mori Suguru , Nomura Rie
Published: April 2024

In the town of Sacapulas, located in the mountainous country of Guatemala, there is a constant risk of natural disasters. Floods and landslides occur frequently, resulting in the loss of human lives and cultural aspects. Important to the region, the creation of the black salt is most affected. This resource has been created since the time of the Mayans on the salt beach surrounding the town. However, from the 1940s onwards, this industry has shrunk. As a result, architectural expressions known as “salt kitchens” have almost disappeared, and there is no information on the subject available. By employing interviews, area survey, and GPS mapping, it was discovered that the location of the salt kitchens is determined by the shape of the beach. However, only one third of the beach area is accessible up to this day. It was discovered that the destruction of the salt kitchens is due to natural elements as well as owners reusing the land for other economically viable functions. To preserve their existence, the first plans of the salt kitchens were created, and will help future researchers if necessary.
Identification and Analysis of the Key Factors That Influence Power Purchase Agreements on the Road to Sustainable Energy Development
Authors: Tantau Adrian , Niculescu Elena , Fratila Laurentiu , Stanciu Costel , Alpopi Cristina
Published: April 2024

The analysis of the key factors which prevent or contribute to the promotion and development of power purchase agreements (PPAs) in order to meet sustainability goals represents an important issue which is worth being investigated, especially given the situation which is entered into considering the bilateral relations inside this contract, which is meaningful to achieving new climate targets, developing and improving the use of green energy, and promoting a sustainable green economy. The main goal of this research is to identify and analyse the main factors which either help or prevent the promotion and development of a PPA in order to meet sustainability goals by promoting a green economy. For this research, a survey based on comparative analysis, questionnaires and interviews with energy experts, Spearman’s correlation matrix, and IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows are used. The results suggest that although there is a positive interest in and an open attitude towards PPA on both sides (sellers and buyers), there is still room for improvement; the lack of knowledge or insufficient measures taken so far are two of the reasons why, until now, in Romania, no PPA market has been developed, and the level of knowledge regarding this type of mechanism is quite low.
Charting a Course for Sustainable Hospitality by Exploring Leadership Theories and Their Implications
Authors: Jang Yoon Jung
Published: April 2024

A literature review was undertaken to examine the present state of research on sustainability-related leadership in the hospitality field. Twenty-two articles from renowned hospitality journals were carefully selected for analysis. The review findings indicate that several leadership theories, like transformational and responsible leadership, have been employed to comprehend the influence of leadership on sustainability performance in organizations. Most of the research conducted so far has focused on Asian cultures and hotel settings, with quantitative surveys being the predominant research method utilized. Notably, environmental sustainability has received more attention than social sustainability concerns within the existing body of literature. Based on the identified research gaps, this paper sets the groundwork for future research on sustainable leadership. By addressing the limitations observed in current research, further investigations can expand our knowledge and understanding of sustainable leadership practices within the hospitality industry.
Two-Layer Optimization Strategy of Electric Vehicle and Air Conditioning Load Considering the Benefit of Peak-to-Valley Smoothing
Authors: Shi Sichen , Wang Peiyi , Zheng Zixuan , Zhang Shu
Published: April 2024

To satisfy the interests of multiple agents and those of comprehensive indicators such as peak-to-valley differences and load fluctuations occurring on the network side, this paper presents a flexible load demand-side response optimization method that considers the benefits of peak-to-valley smoothing. First, load aggregation modelling of air conditioning and electric vehicles was conducted, and the complementarity of the power consumption behavior of different types of flexible loads was used to improve the responsiveness of the load aggregator. Second, considering demand-side responses and taking into account the interests of both supply and demand, the load fluctuation and peak-to-valley difference on the network side are reduced, and a flexible load double-layer optimization model incorporating the peak-to-valley smoothing benefit is established. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed optimization model is verified by using the KKT condition and the big M method to evaluate this two-layer optimization problem as a single-layer optimization problem. Comparative examples show that the proposed two-layer optimization method can take advantage of the complementarity of air conditioning and electric vehicles to improve the income of load aggregators. Moreover, the proposed method can effectively reduce the load peak-to-valley difference and load fluctuation of the distribution network by introducing the peak-to-valley smoothing benefit model.
Analysis of the Curing Deformation of Polyurethane Composite Solar Cell Bezels
Authors: Wu Rui , Zhou Wei , Fan Zhenhua , Zhou Wenxing , Xiong Yongji
Published: April 2024

In the present study, we investigated the deformation of polyurethane composite solar cell bezels during the curing process. To address the problem of deformation, thermochemical and curing kinetics models were developed to investigate the mechanical behavior of the resin during the curing process. The importance of the influencing factors was determined through orthogonal experiments and simulation analysis. The results showed that holding pressure had a significant effect on the amount of deformation of the bezel, followed by curing temperature, pultrusion speed, and holding time. The optimal combination of process parameters was a curing temperature of 150 °C, a pultrusion speed of 50 cm/min, a holding time of 12 s, and a holding pressure of 0.14 MPa, which aided in significantly reducing the deformation of the bezel and achieving effective control of curing deformation.
UniproLcad: Accurate Identification of Antimicrobial Peptide by Fusing Multiple Pre-Trained Protein Language Models
Authors: Wang Xiao , Wu Zhou , Wang Rong , Gao Xu
Published: April 2024

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are vital components of innate immunotherapy. Existing approaches mainly rely on either deep learning for the automatic extraction of sequence features or traditional manual amino acid features combined with machine learning. The peptide sequence contains symmetrical sequence motifs or repetitive amino acid patterns, which may be related to the function and structure of the peptide. Recently, the advent of large language models has significantly boosted the representational power of sequence pattern features. In light of this, we present a novel AMP predictor called UniproLcad, which integrates three prominent protein language models—ESM-2, ProtBert, and UniRep—to obtain a more comprehensive representation of protein features. UniproLcad utilizes deep learning networks, encompassing the bidirectional long and short memory network (Bi-LSTM) and one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D-CNN), while also integrating an attention mechanism to enhance its capabilities. These deep learning frameworks, coupled with pre-trained language models, efficiently extract multi-view features from antimicrobial peptide sequences and assign attention weights to them. Through ten-fold cross-validation and independent testing, UniproLcad demonstrates competitive performance in the field of antimicrobial peptide identification. This integration of diverse language models and deep learning architectures enhances the accuracy and reliability of predicting antimicrobial peptides, contributing to the advancement of computational methods in this field.
Wide Riparian Zones Inhibited Trace Element Loss in Mining Wastelands by Reducing Surface Runoff and Trace Elements in Sediment
Authors: Deng Jiangdi , Li Zuran , Li Bo , Xu Cui , Wang Lei , Li Yuan
Published: April 2024

The diffusion of trace elements in mining wastelands has attracted widespread attention in recent years. Vegetation restoration is an effective measure for controlling the surface migration of trace elements. However, there is no field evidence of the effective riparian zone width in mining wastelands. Three widths (5 m, 7.5 m, and 10 m) of Rhododendron simsii/Lolium perenne L. riparian zones were constructed in lead–zinc mining wastelands to investigate the loss of soil, cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). Asbestos tiles were used to cut off connections between adjacent plots to avoid hydrological interference. Plastic pipes and containers were used to collect runoff water. Results showed that more than 90% of trace elements were lost in sediment during low coverage and heavy rainfall periods. Compared with the 5 m riparian zone, the total trace element loss was reduced by 69–85% during the whole observation period in the 10 m riparian zone and by 86–99% during heavy rain periods in the 10 m riparian zone, which was due to reduction in runoff and concentrations of sediment and trace elements in the 10 m riparian zone. Indirect negative effects of riparian zone width on trace element loss through runoff and sediment concentration were found. These results indicated that the wide riparian zone promoted water infiltration, filtered soil particles, and reduced soil erosion and trace element loss. Riparian zones can be used as environmental management measures after mining areas are closed to reduce the spread of environmental risks in mining wastelands, although the long-term effects remain to be determined.
Influence of Phosphate on Arsenic Adsorption Behavior of Si-Fe-Mg Mixed Hydrous Oxide
Authors: Ahmed Marjjuk , Kuwabara Tomoyuki
Published: April 2024

The arsenic adsorption performance of silicon (Si), iron (Fe), and magnesium (Mg) mixed hydrous oxide containing a Si: Fe: Mg metal composition ratio of 0.05:0.9:0.05 (SFM05905) was investigated. SFM05905 was synthesized by the co-precipitation method. Batch experiments on arsenic adsorption were conducted at various temperatures and concentrations. Adsorption isotherms models were represented by a linearized equations and were insensitive to temperature change. The anion selectivity of SFM05905 at single component was high for arsenite (III), arsenate (V), and phosphate (PO4), indicating that PO4 inhibits arsenic adsorption. The adsorption amount of As (III), As (V), and PO4 were compared using a column packed with granular SFM05905, and an aqueous solution was passed by a combination of several anions that are single, binary, and ternary adsorbate systems. As (III) had the highest adsorption amount; however, As (III) and PO4 were affected by each other under the ternary mixing condition. Although the adsorption amount of As (V) was smaller than that of As (III), it was not affected by other adsorbates in the column experiments. Finally, although the adsorption of both arsenic continued, the adsorbed PO4 gradually desorbed.
Thyroid Hormone Receptor Agonistic and Antagonistic Activity of Newly Synthesized Dihydroxylated Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers: An In Vitro and In Silico Coactivator Recruitment Study
Authors: Zhang Mengtao , Shi Jianghong , Li Bing , Ge Hui , Tao Huanyu , Zhang Jiawei , Li Xiaoyan , Cai Zongwei
Published: April 2024

Dihydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (DiOH-PBDEs) could be the metabolites of PBDEs of some organisms or the natural products of certain marine bacteria and algae. OH-PBDEs may demonstrate binding affinity to thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) and can disrupt the functioning of the systems modulated by TRs. However, the thyroid hormone disruption mechanism of diOH-PBDEs remains elusive due to the absence of diOH-PBDEs standards. This investigation explores the potential disruptive effects of OH/diOH-PBDEs on thyroid hormones via competitive binding and coactivator recruitment with TRα and TRβ. At levels of 5000 nM and 25,000 nM, 6-OH-BDE-47 demonstrated significant recruitment of steroid receptor coactivator (SRC), whereas none of the diOH-PBDEs exhibited SRC recruitment within the range of 0.32–25,000 nM. AutoDock CrankPep (ADCP) simulations suggest that the conformation of SRC and TR–ligand complexes, particularly their interaction with Helix 12, rather than binding affinity, plays a pivotal role in ligand agonistic activity. 6,6′-diOH-BDE-47 displayed antagonistic activity towards both TRα and TRβ, while the antagonism of 3,5-diOH-BDE-100 for TRα and TRβ was concentration-dependent. 3,5-diOH-BDE-17 and 3,5-diOH-BDE-51 exhibited no discernible agonistic or antagonistic activities. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the binding energy of 3,3′,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) surpassed that of OH/diOH-PBDEs. 3,5-diOH-BDE-100 exhibited the highest binding energy, whereas 6,6′-diOH-BDE-47 displayed the lowest. These findings suggest that the structural determinants influencing the agonistic and antagonistic activities of halogen phenols may be more intricate than previously proposed, involving factors beyond high-brominated PBDEs or hydroxyl group and bromine substitutions. It is likely that the agonistic or antagonistic propensities of OH/diOH-PBDEs are instigated by protein conformational changes rather than considerations of binding energy.
Revisiting a Realistic Intersecting D6-Brane with Modified Soft SUSY Terms
Authors: Khan Imtiaz , Ahmed Waqas , Li Tianjun , Raza Shabbar
Published: April 2024

Because there are a few typos in the supersymmetry-breaking sfermion masses and trilinear soft term, regarding the current Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and dark matter searches, we revisit a three-family Pati–Salam model based on intersecting D6-branes in Type IIA string theory on a T6/(Z2×Z2) orientifold with a realistic phenomenology. We study the viable parameter space and discuss the spectrum consistent with the current LHC Supersymmetry searches and the dark matter relic density bounds from the Planck 2018 data. For the gluinos and first two generations of sfermions, we observe that the gluino mass is in the range [2, 14] TeV, the squarks mass range is [2, 13] TeV and the sleptons mass is in the range [1, 5] TeV. We achieve the cold dark matter relic density consistent with 5σ Planck 2018 bounds via A-funnel and coannihilation channels such as stop–neutralino, stau–neutralino, and chargino–neutralino. Except for a few chargino–neutralino coannihilation solutions, these solutions satisfy current nucleon-neutralino spin-independent and spin-dependent scattering cross-sections and may be probed by future dark matter searches.
The Impact of Pollution on Cultural Heritage in the Historic Centre of Porto, Portugal
Authors: Silva Fátima Matos , Arreiol Marta , Fragata Ana
Published: April 2024

Pollution is a constant threat to cultural heritage, mainly affecting its constituent materials, and it is urgent to implement mitigation and adaptation measures to prevent pollution. The city of Porto currently has several initiatives that aim to prepare this municipality for climate change adaptation. This article aims to study the impact of pollution on built heritage, as well as the initiatives that are being implemented in the Municipality of Porto (as part of the Portuguese Camino to Santiago) to protect heritage, based on three case studies, namely Carmelitas Church, São João Novo Church, and Vitória Church, contextualising them over time and understanding their structure and materials. The methodology is based on an anomalies survey through local and surrounding photographic records to assess the effects of pollution, following the model developed at Carmo Church in Olinda, Pernambuco. This study’s results showed that the stone facade of Carmelitas Church, which is in a busier area of the city, is much more deteriorated when compared with the other case studies due to the direct impact of pollution.
Community Structure, Drivers, and Potential Functions of Different Lifestyle Viruses in Chaohu Lake
Authors: Zheng Yu , Gao Zihao , Wu Shuai , Ruan Aidong
Published: April 2024

Viruses, as the most prolific entities on Earth, constitute significant ecological groups within freshwater lakes, exerting pivotal ecological roles. In this study, we selected Chaohu Lake, a representative eutrophic freshwater lake in China, as our research site to explore the community distribution, driving mechanisms, and potential ecological functions of diverse viral communities, the intricate virus–host interaction systems, and the overarching influence of viruses on global biogeochemical cycling.
Molecular and Serological Detection of Bovine Coronaviruses in Marmots (Marmota marmota) in the Alpine Region
Authors: Moreno Ana , Canziani Sabrina , Lelli Davide , Castelli Anna , Bianchi Alessandro , Bertoletti Irene , Maccarinelli Federica , Carlomagno Marco , Paini Matteo , Rossato Marzia , Delledonne Massimo , Giacomelli Stefano , Cordedda Antonella , Nicoloso Sandro , Bellinello Enrica , Campagnoli Anna , Trogu Tiziana
Published: April 2024

In this study, virological surveillance focused on coronaviruses in marmots in the Alpine region in 2022, captured as part of a population control reduction program in the Livigno area. Seventy-six faecal samples were randomly collected from marmots at the time of capture and release and tested for genome detection of pan-coronavirus, pan-pestivirus, canine distemper virus, and influenza A and D virus. Nine faecal samples were positive in the Pan-CoV RT-PCR, while all were negative for the other viruses. Pan-coronavirus positives were further identified using Illumina’s complete genome sequencing, which showed the highest homology with Bovine Coronavirus previously detected in roe deer in the Alps. Blood samples (n.35) were collected randomly from animals at release and tested for bovine coronavirus (BCoV) antibodies using competitive ELISA and VNT. Serological analyses revealed that 8/35 sera were positive for BCoV antibodies in both serological tests. This study provides molecular and serological evidence of the presence of BCoV in an alpine marmot population due to a likely spillover event. Marmots share areas and pastures with roe deer and other wild ruminants, and environmental transmission is a concrete possibility.
Vaccine Efficacy, Impact, Hesitancy, and Acceptance: Trends for Public Health
Authors: Said Elias A. , Noto Alessandra , Cardinaud Sylvain , Al-Jabri Ali A.
Published: April 2024

Vaccines are indispensable tools in the battle against infectious diseases and hold great potential in combating a myriad of other diseases [...]
Connected Automated and Human-Driven Vehicle Mixed Traffic in Urban Freeway Interchanges: Safety Analysis and Design Assumptions
Authors: Granà Anna , Curto Salvatore , Petralia Andrea , Giuffrè Tullio
Published: April 2024

The introduction of connected automated vehicles (CAVs) on freeways raises significant challenges, particularly in interactions with human-driven vehicles, impacting traffic flow and safety. This study employs traffic microsimulation and surrogate safety assessment measures software to delve into CAV–human driver interactions, estimating potential conflicts. While previous research acknowledges that human drivers adjust their behavior when sharing the road with CAVs, the underlying reasons and the extent of associated risks are not fully understood yet. The study focuses on how CAV presence can diminish conflicts, employing surrogate safety measures and real-world mixed traffic data, and assesses the safety and performance of freeway interchange configurations in Italy and the US across diverse urban contexts. This research proposes tools for optimizing urban layouts to minimize conflicts in mixed traffic environments. Results reveal that adding auxiliary lanes enhances safety, particularly for CAVs and rear-end collisions. Along interchange ramps, an exclusive CAV stream performs similarly to human-driven ones in terms of longitudinal conflicts, but mixed traffic flows, consisting of both CAVs and human-driven vehicles, may result in more conflicts. Notably, when CAVs follow human-driven vehicles in near-identical conditions, more conflicts arise, emphasizing the complexity of CAV integration and the need for careful safety measures and roadway design considerations.
Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus uberis Isolates from Bovine Mastitis
Authors: Fidelis Carlos E. , Orsi Alessandra M. , Freu Gustavo , Gonçalves Juliano L. , Santos Marcos V. dos
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to assess (a) the biofilm producer ability and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Staphylococcus (Staph.) aureus and Streptococcus (Strep.) uberis isolated from cows with clinical mastitis (CM) and subclinical mastitis (SCM), and (b) the association between biofilm producer ability and antimicrobial resistance. We isolated a total of 197 Staph. aureus strains (SCM = 111, CM = 86) and 119 Strep. uberis strains (SCM = 15, CM = 104) from milk samples obtained from 316 cows distributed in 24 dairy herds. Biofilm-forming ability was assessed using the microplate method, while antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion method against 13 antimicrobials. Among the isolates examined, 57.3% of Staph. aureus and 53.8% of Strep. uberis exhibited the ability to produce biofilm, which was categorized as strong, moderate, or weak. In terms of antimicrobial susceptibility, Staph. aureus isolates displayed resistance to penicillin (92.9%), ampicillin (50.8%), and tetracycline (52.7%). Conversely, Strep. uberis isolates exhibited resistance to penicillin (80.6%), oxacillin (80.6%), and tetracycline (37.8%). However, no significant correlation was found between antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation ability among the isolates.
Feeding Dairy Goats Dehydrated Orange Pulp Improves Cheese Antioxidant Content
Authors: Guzmán José Luis , Zarazaga Luis Ángel , Martín-García Antonio Ignacio , Delgado-Pertíñez Manuel
Published: April 2024

Agroindustrial by-products constitute an alternative source of feed livestock, and their use contributes to the sustainability of livestock systems and the circular bioeconomy. The effects of replacing cereal (0%, 40%, and 80%) with dehydrated orange pulp (DOP) in the diet of goats on the antioxidant and fatty acid (FA) contents of cheeses were evaluated. For a more suitable understanding of the role of coagulant enzymes in establishing the properties of the cheese, the effect of milk-clotting with animal and vegetable rennet was also analysed. The rennet did not substantially affect the FA or the antioxidant compounds, and the use of DOP did not affect the FA contents. However, the α-tocopherol levels, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in cheeses increased as the percentage of DOP replacing cereals increased. Moreover, the high correlation obtained between the TAC and the TPC (r = 0.73) and α-tocopherol (r = 0.62) contents indicated the important role played by these compounds in improving the antioxidant capacity of the cheese. In conclusion, DOP is a suitable alternative to cereals in the diet of goats and improves the antioxidant status of the cheese produced.
COVID-19 Pandemic Modulates the Environmental Contamination Level of Enteric Bacteria from WWTPs
Authors: Banciu Alina Roxana , Pascu Luoana Florentina , Stoica Catalina , Gheorghe Stefania , Lucaciu Irina , Feodorov Laura , Nita-Lazar Mihai
Published: April 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic was a challenge for the whole world, and it had major secondary effects on humans and environmental health. The viral infection induced, in many situations, secondary bacterial infections, especially enteric infections, by destabilizing the balance of the gastrointestinal microbiota. The large-scale use of antibiotics and biocides for both curative and preventive purposes has resulted in an increase in bacterial resistance, and at the same time, the possibility of pathogenic microorganism multiplication and their dissemination to natural environments. Wastewater is the main vector of fecal microorganisms that favors their dissemination into natural aquatic ecosystems. The present paper aims to analyze the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the microbiological quality of wastewater from sewage treatment plants in Romania and its impact on receiving rivers. In order to highlight different and important areas in Romania, three cities from the east, center and west were selected for a microbiological evaluation of their WWTP influents and effluents from the pre-COVID-19 period and during the COVID-19 pandemic peak period, when the COVID-19 pandemic had a direct impact on WWTP microbial compositions. Our study shows that a higher level of contamination with fecal bacteria is linked to a higher COVID-19 incidence. The increased usage of pharmaceutical compounds, in turn, increases the number of resistant bacteria reaching the environment via WWTP effluents.
Advanced Technology for Desalination and Water Purification
Authors: Bartzis Vasileios , Sarris Ioannis E.
Published: April 2024

Water scarcity stands as a critical challenge of our era, affecting approximately four billion individuals who confront severe water shortages for at least one month annually [...]
Transport of Floating Plastics through the Fluvial Vector: The Impact of Riparian Zones
Authors: Valyrakis Manousos , Gilja Gordon , Liu Da , Latessa Gaston
Published: April 2024

This study presents results from an experimental campaign to explore how different riparian zone characteristics may facilitate the transport or capturing of plastics floating through the fluvial system. Specifically, following field observations for the transport of plastics through fluvial vectors, a substantial number of flume experiments has been designed to assess the effect of floating macro-plastics and riparian zone characteristics. The results from flume experiments were analyzed using particle tracking velocimetry techniques to derive transport metrics (such as transport velocities) of macro-plastics of different sizes and shapes, released at five locations across a wide channel with distinct distance from the vegetated riverbank. The findings are discussed while considering the trapping mechanisms along the vegetated riverbank, which include a range of vegetation densities and arrangements, aiming to identify and quantify the degree of impact of each of the control parameters on the transport of floating plastics. The flow velocimetry records obtained at locations near and within the riverbank correlate well with the transport velocities of the floating plastics. Macro-plastic litter carried downstream away from the riverbank can have up to nine times the transport velocity, compared to those found within the riverbank. The change from a low to a high average density can result in about three times decrease in the transport velocity of floating macro-plastic litter within the riparian zone. These outcomes can help inform better practices for the management of riparian vegetation to maximize the trapping efficiency of macro-plastics, adapted to different flow conditions and river morphologies.
Robotic surgery in plastic surgery: a review of its potential
Authors: Coelho Marcio , Peltz Tim , Hunt Jeremy , Gianoutsos Mark
Published: April 2024

"Background: Robotic surgery currently offers a number of benefits in specific areas of plastic and reconstructive surgery such as head and neck and microsurgery, however, many subspecialties are yet to benefit from robotic operating techniques. In this paper we review recent developments in the use of robotics for head and neck, breast reconstruction, microneural, lymphoedema, craniofacial and aesthetic surgery. Methods: A literature review of English-only articles on the use of robots in plastic and reconstructive surgery was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases along with a free text search using the terms ‘robotic surgery plastic surgery’, ‘robotic-assisted plastic surgery’, ‘robot-assisted reconstructive surgery’, ‘da Vinci plastic surgery’, ‘da Vinci reconstructive surgery’ and ‘supermicrosurgery’. No limitation was placed on time from publication. Results: Of the studies reviewed, the most beneficial to reconstructive surgery is the area of the head and neck, with the most common procedures being transoral surgeries and microvascular procedures. Robotic assisted breast reconstructive surgery is a promising field. The main current limitations are the lack of adequate microsurgical instrumentation and the prolonged setting-up and operative time. Conclusion: As technology improves the outlook for robotic surgery is optimistic. Areas like microsurgery, head and neck, cleft palate, breast reconstructive surgery, lymphatic and microneural surgery already demonstrate promising results. Further technological advances and evidence-based studies are necessary to address current limitations such as appropriate microsurgical instrumentation, high costs and prolonged operative time."
40 years of Interplast
Authors: MacGill Kirstie A
Published: April 2024

Kirstie MacGill reflects on Interplast’s achievements over the last 40 years in assisting partner countries with volunteer surgical missions, as well as education and training for health care services.
Use of negative pressure wound therapy with instillation to salvage infected breast reconstruction implant pockets: a retrospective review of cases
Authors: McLean Rebecca , Simcock Meredith , Canal Alessandra , Locke Michelle
Published: April 2024

"Introduction: Periprosthetic breast implant infections are a well-known but devastating complication of breast reconstruction, occurring in up to 35 per cent of patients postoperatively. Historically, surgical washout and explantation was common practice to control infection, often sacrificing the reconstruction. Methods: After successfully using negative-pressure wound therapy with instillation (Veraflo, Intermed, Auckland) on lower leg wounds, we transferred the use of this technology to infected breast pockets. Results: In the first year using NPWTi, our department managed seven patients (8 breast reconstructions) presenting with breast device infection at an average of 15.3 days postoperatively. The average length of stay for treatment was 7.4 days with 2.5 operations over this period. Four patients had attempted salvage of their reconstructive pocket and all were discharged with a breast expander in situ. Conclusion: Attempted salvage using negative-pressure wound therapy with instillation may improve rates of reconstruction salvage after periprosthetic infection. We present our current management algorithm for periprosthetic infections."
A novel pedicle extension for lumbar artery perforator flaps: a case report
Authors: Bishay Jeremy , Karagiannis Phaethon , Wang Tim , Soliman Bishoy
Published: April 2024

In this case, the authors describe the novel use of anterolateral thigh vessels as an alternative pedicle extension graft to the deep inferior epigastric vessels in autologous breast reconstruction.
The lumbar artery perforator flap in large volume salvage autologous breast reconstruction: a case report
Authors: Franke Malcolm , Law Jenaleen , Wang Tim , Gillies Rowan , Soliman Bishoy
Published: April 2024

The authors describe a case where a lumbar artery perforator (LAP) flap was used to salvage a failed breast reconstruction and address concerns about the use of LAP flaps.
"Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma diagnosis six months post breast reconstruction: a case report"
Authors: Fink Teagan , Deb Siddhartha , Clouston David , Weymouth Michael , Thornton Chantel , Chakrabarti Anannya
Published: April 2024

The authors report the earliest time frame (six and a half months) between exposure to textured breast implant and the development of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
Profunda artery perforator flap—a novel approach to soft tissue reconstruction post lower limb amputation: a case report
Authors: Aggarwala Shivani , Cheung Michael , Hsieh Frank
Published: April 2024

The authors report a case with successful resurfacing of a through- knee amputation stump using two ipsilateral profunda artery perforator flaps from the same vascular tree.
Teaching Tamil to High School Students through Visual Language
Authors: Anusuya (a) Priya C
Published: April 2024

Language is the tool used to distinguish humans from animals. From children to adults start expressing their opinion through this language. Through language we acquire various skills. Speaking, reading, listening and writing are called basic skills. Along with these skills, more emphasis is now being given to the ability to see. Because the ability to understand through the ability to see is of great benefit to students. Students’ attention also increases. Their reading skills also grow. Thus visual language becomes important in Tamil language teaching.
EXPERIENCE OF DISTRACTION OF MODULAR PROSTHESES IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AT THE STAGES OF REHABILITATION
Authors: Нисиченко Д.В. , Нисиченко О.А. , Минулин И.Р. , Карелин А.Ф.
Published: April 2024

Актуальность. Учитывая необходимость коррекции длины протеза по мере взросления пациентов предпочтение отдается модульным протезам. Цель исследования проведение анализа эффективности дистракции модульных эндопротезов у пациентов с костными саркомами после эндопротезирования крупных суставов в условиях специализированного реабилитационного центра. Материалы и методы. Специалистами лечебно-реабилитационного научного центра «Русское поле» Национального исследовательского медицинского центра детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева удлинение модульных протезов выполнено пациентам с костными саркомами с использованием электромагнитного дистрактора. Результаты. За время однократного пребывания в реабилитационном центре проводилась, как правило, дистракция эндопротеза по 2 мм в день в 1-9 приема через день, суммарно 6-18 мм, по показаниям выполнялась дистракция эндопротеза по 5 мм однократно за один сеанс. Не было выявлено неврологических нарушений, ухудшения функционального статуса ни у одного из наблюдаемых пациентов. Заключение. Проведение дистракции эндопротезов во время комплексной реабилитации в условиях специализированного центра обеспечивает высокую степень комфортности процедуры.
ADVISORY POLYCLINIC OF THE CHELYABINSK REGIONAL CHILDREN'S CLINICAL HOSPITAL IS ONE OF THE MAIN LINKS OF THE PEDIATRIC SERVICE OF THE CHELYABINSK REGION
Authors: Осипов А.М. , Киреева Г.Н. , Куковская Е.Г. , Спичак И.И.
Published: April 2024

Реализация федерального проекта «Развитие детского здравоохранения, включая создание современной инфраструктуры оказания медицинской помощи детям», входящего в нацпроект «Здравоохранение», в числе прочего позволило создать новую модель консультативной поликлиники в Государственном автономном учреждении здравоохранения «Челябинская областная детская клиническая больница». В ней комфортно и пациентам, и врачам, повысилось качество диагностики и лечения. Осуществление пилотного проекта «Открытая поликлиника» Челябинской области, стало своего рода методической площадкой для определения стандартных параметров новой модели оказания амбулаторной помощи детям. Новая модель консультативной поликлиники Челябинской областной детской клинической больницы – это организация современного уровня с открытой и вежливой регистратурой, понятной системой навигации, комфортными зонами ожидания, разделением потоков пациентов и оптимальным документооборотом.
PROLONGED VENTILATION IN INFANTS WITH BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA
Authors: Миночкин П.И. , Ткаченко А.С.
Published: April 2024

Проблемам длительной искусственной вентиляции легких (ИВЛ) у детей первого года жизни, имеющих диагноз бронхолегочной дисплазии (БЛД), по данным литературы уделено недостаточно внимания. В связи с улучшением оказания помощи на перинатальном уровне число таких детей неизменно растет, данная группа пациентов является определяющей в развитии инвалидизации и младенческой смертности. Нами были изучены 79 пациентов грудного возраста с БЛД, находящихся на длительной ИВЛ. Для проведения ИВЛ применяли режим SIMV-VC с нисходящей формой кривой потока. Выявлены параметры ИВЛ: Vt 11(8-13) мл/кг, РIP 29(25-32) смН2О, PEEP 8(7-9), ЧД – 24(20-30) циклов/мин, которые выходят за границы допустимых безопасных значений, но хорошо переносятся детьми данной группы. Применяемый режим проведения ИВЛ можно считать эффективным и безопасным для детей, находящихся на длительной вентиляции легких.
CHILDREN'S INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN THE REFLECTION OF PHILATELY
Authors: Бугаевский К.А. , Пешикова М.В. , Пешиков О.В.
Published: April 2024

В статье представлены результаты проведённого исследования, посвящённого изучению детских инфекций и прививочного процесса у детей, представленного филателистическими материалами разных стран мира в различных средствах филателии – на почтовых марках и конвертах, а также на других средствах коллекционирования.