bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quasiparticle tunneling as a probe of Josephson junction barrier and capacitor material in superconducting qubits
Authors: Kurter C. , Murray C. E. , Gordon R. T. , Wymore B. B. , Sandberg M. , Shelby R. M. , Eddins A. , Adiga V. P. , Finck A. D. K. , Rivera E. , Stabile A. A. , Trimm B. , Wacaser B. , Balakrishnan K. , Pyzyna A. , Sleight J. , Steffen M. , Rodbell K.
Published: March 2022

Non-equilibrium quasiparticles are possible sources for decoherence in superconducting qubits because they can lead to energy decay or dephasing upon tunneling across Josephson junctions (JJs). Here, we investigate the impact of the intrinsic properties of two-dimensional transmon qubits on quasiparticle tunneling (QPT) and discuss how we can use quasiparticle dynamics to gain critical information about the quality of JJ barrier. We find the tunneling rate of the non-equilibrium quasiparticles to be sensitive to the choice of the shunting capacitor material and their geometry in qubits. In some devices, we observe an anomalous temperature dependence of the QPT rate below 100 mK that deviates from a constant background associated with non-equilibrium quasiparticles. We speculate that this behavior is caused by high transmission sites/defects within the oxide barriers of the JJs, leading to spatially localized subgap states. We model this by assuming that such defects generate regions with a smaller effective gap. Our results present a unique in situ characterization tool to assess the uniformity of tunnel barriers in qubit junctions and shed light on how quasiparticles can interact with various elements of the qubit circuit.
Early visual processing and adaptation as markers of disease, not vulnerability: EEG evidence from 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, a population at high risk for schizophrenia
Authors: Francisco Ana A. , Foxe John J. , Horsthuis Douwe J. , Molholm Sophie
Published: March 2022

We investigated visual processing and adaptation in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), a condition characterized by an increased risk for schizophrenia. Visual processing differences have been described in schizophrenia but remain understudied early in the disease course. Electrophysiology was recorded during a visual adaptation task with different interstimulus intervals to investigate visual processing and adaptation in 22q11.2DS (with (22q+) and without (22q−) psychotic symptoms), compared to control and idiopathic schizophrenia groups. Analyses focused on early windows of visual processing. While increased amplitudes were observed in 22q11.2DS in an earlier time window (90–140 ms), decreased responses were seen later (165–205 ms) in schizophrenia and 22q+. 22q11.2DS, and particularly 22q−, presented increased adaptation effects. We argue that while amplitude and adaptation in the earlier time window may reflect specific neurogenetic aspects associated with a deletion in chromosome 22, amplitude in the later window may be a marker of the presence of psychosis and/or of its chronicity/severity.
Screening for modulators of the cellular composition of gut epithelia via organoid models of intestinal stem cell differentiation
Authors: Mead Benjamin E. , Hattori Kazuki , Levy Lauren , Imada Shinya , Goto Norihiro , Vukovic Marko , Sze Daphne , Kummerlowe Conner , Matute Juan D. , Duan Jinzhi , Langer Robert , Blumberg Richard S. , Ordovas-Montanes Jose , Yilmaz Ömer H. , Karp Jeffrey M. , Shalek Alex K.
Published: March 2022

The cellular composition of barrier epithelia is essential to organismal homoeostasis. In particular, within the small intestine, adult stem cells establish tissue cellularity, and may provide a means to control the abundance and quality of specialized epithelial cells. Yet, methods for the identification of biological targets regulating epithelial composition and function, and of small molecules modulating them, are lacking. Here we show that druggable biological targets and small-molecule regulators of intestinal stem cell differentiation can be identified via multiplexed phenotypic screening using thousands of miniaturized organoid models of intestinal stem cell differentiation into Paneth cells, and validated via longitudinal single-cell RNA-sequencing. We found that inhibitors of the nuclear exporter Exportin 1 modulate the fate of intestinal stem cells, independently of known differentiation cues, significantly increasing the abundance of Paneth cells in the organoids and in wild-type mice. Physiological organoid models of the differentiation of intestinal stem cells could find broader utility for the screening of biological targets and small molecules that can modulate the composition and function of other barrier epithelia.
Microbial communities form rich extracellular metabolomes that foster metabolic interactions and promote drug tolerance
Authors: Yu Jason S. L. , Correia-Melo Clara , Zorrilla Francisco , Herrera-Dominguez Lucia , Wu Mary Y. , Hartl Johannes , Campbell Kate , Blasche Sonja , Kreidl Marco , Egger Anna-Sophia , Messner Christoph B. , Demichev Vadim , Freiwald Anja , Mülleder Michael , Howell Michael , Berman Judith , Patil Kiran R. , Alam Mohammad Tauqeer , Ralser Markus
Published: March 2022

Microbial communities are composed of cells of varying metabolic capacity, and regularly include auxotrophs that lack essential metabolic pathways. Through analysis of auxotrophs for amino acid biosynthesis pathways in microbiome data derived from >12,000 natural microbial communities obtained as part of the Earth Microbiome Project (EMP), and study of auxotrophic–prototrophic interactions in self-establishing metabolically cooperating yeast communities (SeMeCos), we reveal a metabolically imprinted mechanism that links the presence of auxotrophs to an increase in metabolic interactions and gains in antimicrobial drug tolerance. As a consequence of the metabolic adaptations necessary to uptake specific metabolites, auxotrophs obtain altered metabolic flux distributions, export more metabolites and, in this way, enrich community environments in metabolites. Moreover, increased efflux activities reduce intracellular drug concentrations, allowing cells to grow in the presence of drug levels above minimal inhibitory concentrations. For example, we show that the antifungal action of azoles is greatly diminished in yeast cells that uptake metabolites from a metabolically enriched environment. Our results hence provide a mechanism that explains why cells are more robust to drug exposure when they interact metabolically.
Open multimodal iEEG-fMRI dataset from naturalistic stimulation with a short audiovisual film
Authors: Berezutskaya Julia , Vansteensel Mariska J. , Aarnoutse Erik J. , Freudenburg Zachary V. , Piantoni Giovanni , Branco Mariana P. , Ramsey Nick F.
Published: March 2022

Intracranial human recordings are a valuable and rare resource of information about the brain. Making such data publicly available not only helps tackle reproducibility issues in science, it helps make more use of these valuable data. This is especially true for data collected using naturalistic tasks. Here, we describe a dataset collected from a large group of human subjects while they watched a short audiovisual film. The dataset has several unique features. First, it includes a large amount of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) data (51 participants, age range of 5–55 years, who all performed the same task). Second, it includes functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) recordings (30 participants, age range of 7–47) during the same task. Eighteen participants performed both iEEG and fMRI versions of the task, non-simultaneously. Third, the data were acquired using a rich audiovisual stimulus, for which we provide detailed speech and video annotations. This dataset can be used to study neural mechanisms of multimodal perception and language comprehension, and similarity of neural signals across brain recording modalities.
Temperature dependence of the thermo-optic coefficient in 4H-SiC and GaN slabs at the wavelength of 1550 nm
Authors: Rao Sandro , Mallemace Elisa D. , Cocorullo Giuseppe , Faggio Giuliana , Messina Giacomo , Della Corte Francesco G.
Published: March 2022

The refractive index and its variation with temperature, i.e. the thermo-optic coefficient, are basic optical parameters for all those semiconductors that are used in the fabrication of linear and non-linear opto-electronic devices and systems. Recently, 4H single-crystal silicon carbide (4H-SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) have emerged as excellent building materials for high power and high-temperature electronics, and wide parallel applications in photonics can be consequently forecasted in the near future, in particular in the infrared telecommunication band of λ = 1500–1600 nm. In this paper, the thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) is experimentally measured in 4H-SiC and GaN substrates, from room temperature to 480 K, at the wavelength of 1550 nm. Specifically, the substrates, forming natural Fabry–Perot etalons, are exploited within a simple hybrid fiber free-space optical interferometric system to take accurate measurements of the transmitted optical power in the said temperature range. It is found that, for both semiconductors, dn/dT is itself remarkably temperature-dependent, in particular quadratically for GaN and almost linearly for 4H-SiC.
Identifying conservation technology needs, barriers, and opportunities
Authors: Hahn Nathan R. , Bombaci Sara P. , Wittemyer George
Published: March 2022

Amid accelerating threats to species and ecosystems, technology advancements to monitor, protect, and conserve biodiversity have taken on increased importance. While most innovations stem from adaptation of off-the-shelf devices, these tools can fail to meet the specialized needs of conservation and research or lack the support to scale beyond a single site. Despite calls from the conservation community for its importance, a shift to bottom-up innovation driven by conservation professionals remains limited. We surveyed practitioners, academic researchers, and technologists to understand the factors contributing to or inhibiting engagement in the collaborative process of technology development and adoption for field use and identify emerging technology needs. High cost was the main barrier to technology use across occupations, while development of new technologies faced barriers of cost and partner communication. Automated processing of data streams was the largest emerging need, and respondents focused mainly on applications for individual-level monitoring and automated image processing. Cross-discipline collaborations and expanded funding networks that encourage cyclical development and continued technical support are needed to address current limitations and meet the growing need for conservation technologies.
Aerosols generated by high-speed handpiece and ultrasonic unit during endodontic coronal access alluding to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Barros Mirela Cesar , Pedrinha Victor Feliz , Velásquez-Espedilla Evelyn Giuliana , Cuellar Maricel Rosario Cardenas , de Andrade Flaviana Bombarda
Published: March 2022

To investigate the dispersion and contamination of aerosols generated during coronal access performed by high-speed handpiece and ultrasonic device. To measure the aerosol dispersion, a red dye or an Enterococcus faecalis culture broth inside the bottle of the water system of the dental and ultrasonic unit were used. Bovine extracted teeth were allocated in six groups according to the coronal access: G1: diamond bur in high-speed handpiece (HS) with aspiration (A); G2: ultrasonic (US) inserts with aspiration; G3: combined coronal access with HS and US with aspiration; and G4, G5, and G6 were performed without aspiration (WA). The distance reached by the aerosol with the dye was measured in centimeters, and for environment contamination, agar-plates were arranged at standardized distances for counting colony-forming units (CFU/mL). The ANOVA followed by the Tukey tests were applied (α = 0.05). The coronal access with HS generated higher aerosol dispersion and contamination, even with simultaneous A (P < 0.05), while US generated less aerosol even WA (P < 0.05). The aspiration did not reduce the aerosol statistically. HS is a great source of aerosols in dental clinic during the coronal access and the use of US device should be encouraged.
Tissue engineered scaffolds for corneal endothelial regeneration: a material's perspective
Authors: Delaey Jasper , De Vos Lobke , Koppen Carina , Dubruel Peter , Van Vlierberghe Sandra , Van den Bogerd Bert
Published: March 2022

An overview of scaffolds for corneal endothelial tissue engineering, their properties and materials starting from the Descemet's membrane and evaluating the scaffolds from a materials scientist perspective.
Removal of 26 corticosteroids, potential COVID-19 remedies, at environmentally relevant concentrations in water using UV/free chlorine, UV/monochloramine, and UV/hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Zhang Ai , Ding Yongqiang , Jia Ai , Park Minkyu , Daniels Kevin D. , Nie Xuhao , Wu Shimin , Snyder Shane A.
Published: March 2022

Corticosteroids (CSs) with two double bonds in ring A are sensitive to UV. CSs were poorly removed by individual Cl2, NH2Cl, and H2O2 treatment. Combining UV with Cl2, NH2Cl, or H2O2 promoted UV-insensitive CS removal.
Effects of n-6 PUFA-rich soybean oil, MUFA-rich olive oil and camellia seed oil on weight and cardiometabolic profiles among Chinese women: a 3-month double-blind randomized controlled-feeding trial
Authors: Wu Min-Yu , Du Meng-Hao , Wen Hao , Wang Wen-Qiang , Tang Jun , Shen Li-Rong
Published: March 2022

Previous studies have suggested that replacing saturated fat with unsaturated fat is beneficial for cardiometabolic health.
Lipid metabolism disorders and lipid mediator changes of mice in response to long-term exposure to high-fat and high sucrose diets and ameliorative effects of mulberry leaves
Authors: Du Yan , Li Ding-xiang , Lu Dong-yu , Zhang Ran , Zhao Yan-lin , Zhong Qiao-qiao , Ji Shuai , Wang Liang , Tang Dao-quan
Published: March 2022

Improvement of n-3 PUFA metabolism disorders plays an important role in anti-obesity modulated by mulberry leaves.
Background color dependent photonic multilayer films for anti-counterfeiting labeling
Authors: Kim Jeong Min , Bak Jae Min , Lim Bogyu , Jung Yu Jin , Park Byong Chon , Park Min Ji , Park Jong Mok , Lee Hyung-il , Jung Seo-Hyun
Published: March 2022

We report a color tunable background-dependent one-dimensional photonic film according to the humidity of human breath for anti-counterfeiting labels.
Investigation of two-photon polymerized microstructures using fluorescence lifetime measurements
Authors: Wu Xingyu , Belqat Mehdi , Leuschel Benjamin , Noirbent Guillaume , Dumur Frédéric , Mougin Karine , Spangenberg Arnaud
Published: March 2022

A fluorescent molecular rotor is exploited as a viscosity probe to reveal heterogeneity in multi-material microstructures made by two-photon polymerization. These results open the door to probe the 4D character of active 3D microstructures.
Development of a fluorescent probe library enabling efficient screening of tumour-imaging probes based on discovery of biomarker enzymatic activities
Authors: Kuriki Yugo , Yoshioka Takafusa , Kamiya Mako , Komatsu Toru , Takamaru Hiroyuki , Fujita Kyohhei , Iwaki Hirohisa , Nanjo Aika , Akagi Yuki , Takeshita Kohei , Hino Haruaki , Hino Rumi , Kojima Ryosuke , Ueno Tasuku , Hanaoka Kenjiro , Abe Seiichiro , Saito Yutaka , Nakajima Jun , Urano Yasuteru
Published: March 2022

Efficient methodology to develop tumor-imaging fluorescent probes based on screening with our newly constructed probe library for aminopeptidase/protease (380 probes) and clinical samples has been established.
Oxygen-vacancy-containing Nb2O5 nanorods with modified semiconductor character for boosting selective nitrate-to-ammonia electroreduction
Authors: Cao Bo , Xu Xun , Hong Zhuozheng , Liao Junzhi , Li Ping , Zhang Hao , Duo Shuwang
Published: March 2022

The Nb2O5−x nanorods with changeable semiconductor character and band structure could serve as an efficient catalyst for sustainable nitrate-to-ammonia electroreduction.
Linking the physical and chemical characteristics of single small microplastics or nanoplastics via photolithographic silicon substrates
Authors: Su Lei , Du Fangni , Sun Chengjun , Shi Huahong
Published: March 2022

Photolithographic silicon substrate is a novel and economic method to link physicochemical characteristics of small microplastics and nanoplastics.
Excellent catalytic oxidation performance on toluene and benzene over OMS-2 with a hierarchical porous structure synthesized by a one-pot facile method: modifying surface properties by introducing different amounts of K
Authors: Wang Xiaotong , Sun Yanling , Li Mingyang , Zhang Wanlu , Zhu Yujun
Published: March 2022

The formation of K–O–Mn bond weaken the bond of Mn–O–Mn which increases oxygen species mobility leading to excellent catalytic oxidation performance over OMS-2 by introducing different amounts of K.
Correction: Novel insights into the metal binding ability of ZinT periplasmic protein from Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica
Authors: Bellotti Denise , Rowińska-Żyrek Magdalena , Remelli Maurizio
Published: March 2022

Correction for ‘Novel insights into the metal binding ability of ZinT periplasmic protein from Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica’ by Denise Bellotti et al., Dalton Trans., 2020, 49, 9393–9403, DOI: 10.1039/D0DT01626H.
Light-mediated aerobic oxidation of C(sp3)–H bonds by a Ce(iv) hexachloride complex
Authors: Wang Yu-Heng , Yang Qiaomu , Walsh Patrick J. , Schelter Eric J.
Published: March 2022

A photochemical C(sp3)–H oxygenation of arene and alkane substrates (including methane) catalyzed by [NEt4]2[CeIVCl6] under mild conditions (1 atm, 25 °C) is described.
Biomimetic mimicry of formaldehyde-induced DNA–protein crosslinks in the confined space of a metal–organic framework
Authors: Wei Yu-Bai , Luo Dong , Xiong Xiao , Huang Yong-Liang , Xie Mo , Lu Weigang , Li Dan
Published: March 2022

An amine-functionalized biological metal–organic framework serving as a crystalline model for mimicking formaldehyde-induced DNA–protein crosslinks in a confined space.
Sodium silylsilanolate as a precursor of silylcopper species
Authors: Yamagishi Hiroki , Hitoshio Kenshiro , Shimokawa Jun , Yorimitsu Hideki
Published: March 2022

Sodium silylsilanolates are demonstrated as useful silylating reagents for copper-catalysed hydrosilylation of unsaturated bonds via the formation of reactive silylcopper species that can deliver a series of silyl groups.
The potential scarcity, or not, of polymeric overall water splitting photocatalysts
Authors: Saunders Benedict , Wilbraham Liam , Prentice Andrew W. , Sprick Reiner Sebastian , Zwijnenburg Martijn A.
Published: March 2022

High-throughput virtual screening shows that polymers that can thermodynamically drive water splitting are not rare and that efficient water oxidation co-catalysts hold the key to experimentally discovering water-splitting polymeric photocatalysts.
Noise prediction research of a scaled turboprop aircraft
Authors: Song Minhua , Song Wenping , Wang Yue , Han Zhonghua , Zhang Yanjun , Lei Wutao
Published: March 2022

Aerodynamic noise level has become an important performance index of civil aircraft, and it is drawing more and more attention. Most airframe noise research based on CFD method is aimed at aircraft individual parts at present, while lack of noise prediction for the complex high fidelity full aircraft model. Due to the interaction between aircraft parts, noise prediction between single part and the actual configuration are very different in the aspect of calculation conditions, noise generation and propagation. Only by using more realistic model can the noise be accurately predicted. In this paper, high-resolution mesh and high-precision hybrid RANS/LES method, combined with the FW-H acoustic analogy method, are employed to predict the noise of a turboprop's high-fidelity 1/6 scale model of landing configure. The improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) method was used to simulate the flow in the near-field sound source region, and the sound source characteristics of the whole turboprop are obtained. In addition to the two important noise sources-flap side edge and wing tip, numerical simulation also found other two important noise sources resulting from the interaction between parts-interaction between nacelle wake and flap, and the complex flow between flap inner side and fuselage. Results of far-field noise show that in the longitudinal symmetry plane of the fuselage, the noise mainly propagates to the lower front and over back direction, and the dipole characteristics are very obvious. In the plane perpendicular to the incoming flow, the noise in the transverse direction is weaker.
A method of designing plate structure consisting of lattices and stiffeners based on topology optimization
Authors: Dong Wei , Li Yang , Xin Kehao , Yin Dezheng , Song Longlong , Gao Tong
Published: March 2022

In order to satisfy the lightweight design requirements of the equipment mounting plate in the hypersonic vehicle instrument cabin and improve its static/dynamic performance, a novel structure consisting of both lattices and stiffeners are studied and topology optimization method is proposed in this paper. This structure combines the advantages of lattice structures and conventional stiffened structures. First, the lattice structure is regarded as a kind of virtual material, and its equivalent mechanical properties are calculated by the homogenization method. Then, a marerial interpolation model of the virtual and solid materials are established. A topology optimization problem to minimize the mean compliance under the mass constraint is proposed to realize the layout optimization design of stiffened structure with lattices. Taking an equipment mounting plate as an example, the optimization design of the traditional stiffened structure and the novel stiffened structure with lattices is completed, respectively. Numerical analysis indicates that the lattice stiffened plate structure provides advantageous mechanical performation in the condition of the same weight. The maximum deformation under inertial force is reduced by 11.17% and the peak displacement response under harmonic excitation is reduced by 73.81% by using the stiffened structure with lattices.
Experimental research on influence of wave environment on high-speed water entry load and trajectory characteristics
Authors: Yang Xiaoguang , Dang Jianjun , Wang Peng , Wang Yadong , Han Yingjun , Chen Cheng , Li Deying
Published: March 2022

Wave environment is a common fact happened when objects enter water under real conditions, which changes the morphology of the free interface when entering water. However, the influence of wave environment on the flow when entering water and on the evolution of object motion parameters after entering water is not clear. In this research, a rocking plate wave maker is used to generate a wave environment in the test pool, and a truncated cone rotating body equipped with an internal test system is used as the test model. The compressed air cannon is used to provide launch power, and the launch control system uniformly controls the start timing process of the wave maker and the launcher. The wave maker and the launcher will control the relative position of the object's entry point and the wave surface in collaboration. Various condition tests were carried out, including enter in static water, different wave surface positions and different wave heights. Quantitative trajectory parameters including the acceleration, and attitude angle of the model in the water-entry process were obtained, and the evolution of the flow field was photographed. The experimental results show that under high-speed conditions, the influence of waves on the water-entry process is mainly reflected in the change of the water entry angle relative to the water surface at the water-entry moment. The wave surface encountering negative inclination can effectively reduce the impact load of water entry, but it is more likely to induce the extreme situation such as "jumping".
Effect of wavy leading edge on hydrofoil-turbulence interaction noise
Authors: Li Fang , Huang Qiaogao , Pan Guang , Shi Yao
Published: March 2022

In order to solve the underwater noise pollution and improve the acoustic stealth performance of underwater vehicles, NACA0020 was bionically modified according to the structure of the leading edge tubercles of humpback fin. The flow field and noise characteristics of the hydrofoil-turbulent interaction model before and after the modification were studied by using the large eddy simulation and the FW-H equation. The results show that the wavy leading edge can effectively reduce the turbulence interaction noise of the hydrofoil, especially the broadband noise after 89.55 Hz. The overall sound pressure level(OASPL) directivity of the wavy leading edge hydrofoil are the same as the original hydrofoil, and both have dipole characteristics, but the noise value in all directions is reduced to a certain extent. The OASPL is calculated and analyzed in different frequency bands. The results show that the OASPL has a best reduction in 1 000-5 000 Hz frequency band, and the noise can be reduced up to 12.6 dB. Through the analysis of flow field, it is concluded that the noise reduction effect of wavy leading edge mainly relates to the decrease in pressure fluctuation at leading edge and the decrease in coherence of vortex in spanwise direction caused by the enhancement of spanwise flow.
Optimal design of transverse field motor based on hybrid algorithm of harmony search and differential evolution
Authors: Yuan Xiaoqing , Zhou Tong , Ji Junjie , Liu Yuxuan , Du Xiaodong
Published: March 2022

The traditional optimal design of a transverse magnetic field motor mainly uses the electromagnetic relational formulas and the finite element analysis to empirically select its structural parameters, therefore making it difficult to obtain the global optimal solution of each parameter and meeting the requirements for multi-objective optimization. This paper suggests a hybrid algorithm of harmony search and differential evolution and introduces the elite retention strategy to improve the hybrid algorithm. It presents the principles of the hybrid algorithm, and then the algorithm performance test is used to verify the superiority of the hybrid algorithm. The electromagnetic analysis demonstrates the influence of the main dimensional parameters of the transverse magnetic field motor on its maximum torque density, therefore providing the basis for its optimal design. Jointly with the hybrid algorithm, the maximum torque density and the production cost are used as the objective function to optimize the transverse magnetic field motor under two groups of weighted coefficients. The simulation results show that the maximum torque density of the transverse magnetic field motor optimized with the hybrid algorithm is larger compared with the prototype motor but its production cost is lower.
Research on Taylor impact fracture behavior of ZrCuAlNiNb amorphous alloy
Authors: Meng Yuanpei , Guo Zhiping , Wang Chuanting , He Yong , He Yuan , Hu Xuebing
Published: March 2022

Under argon conditions, the Taylor impact test for ZrCuAlNiNb amorphous alloy with impact velocity range of 78.9-155 m/s was carried out, the failure fracture process of the material was recorded by high-resolution high-speed photography, and the fractured samples after fracture were recovered. The microscopic morphology of the section was observed by scanning electroscope, and the fracture behavior of the material at different impact speeds was analyzed. ZrCuAlNiNb amorphous alloy breaks from a single main shear band under low-speed impact to a multi-shear band break at high speed (≥ 150 m/s), and several secondary shear straps are formed along the axial direction of the sample. Its complex force leads to a variety of fractured forms, and dynamic temperature rise aggravates the thermal softening effect of the material. ZrCuAlNi crystal alloy is transmitted by axial cracks, which cause the crystal alloy to fracture under the interaction of multiple cracks, and the fractured morphology presents a river-like cleavage fracture. The study of the mechanical properties of ZrCuAlNiNb amorphous alloys and their failure behavior provide theoretical guidance and experimental basis for the application of ZrCuAlNiNb amorphous alloys.
Temperature distributions of internal flow and external jet fields of double serpentine convergent nozzle for turbofan
Authors: Sun Peng , Zhou Li , Wang Zhanxue , Shi Jingwei
Published: March 2022

In order to clarify the temperature distribution of a double-serpentine convergent nozzle wall and the exhaust plume characteristics downstream the nozzle exit based on the real exhaust mixer configuration of a turbofan engine, the temperature distribution of the internal and external jet flow fields of the double-serpentine convergent nozzle are simulated numerically. The simulation results show that the coupling effect between S-shaped circular-to-rectangular profile and the exhaust mixer has a joint influence on the "hot streak" distribution of the double-serpentine convergent nozzle wall and the exhaust plume characteristics downstream the nozzle exit. The "Hot streak" is distributed in the shape similar to several ribbons in the central areas of the upper and lower wall of the second serpentine passage and in the exit area. The maximum value of temperature on the lower wall is 867 K and increases 25.1% compared with that on the upper wall. However, the average value of temperature of the lower wall is merely 7.1% higher than that of the upper wall. The "whale tail" high-temperature core area is formed on the exit plane of the double-serpentine convergent nozzle. It leads to two wide high-temperature jet flow areas in the high-temperature core area downstream the nozzle exit. The low-temperature flow occurs along the two sides of the exhaust plume core area due to the lateral-direction motion towards vortices.
Phase transformation mechanical behavior of functionally graded shape memory alloy beams
Authors: Yang Jingning , Tang Jian , Lu Jingyu , Li Qinglu
Published: March 2022

Based on the bending deformation theory of the beam, combined with stress-strain relationship and the critical stress-temperature relationship of the shape memory alloy materials, the nonlinear governing equation of the functionally graded shape memory alloy statically indeterminate beam was obtained, and its mechanical behavior under the thermal-mechanical load was investigated. The phase transformation process of the beam was analyzed by a step-by-step method, and the influence of mechanical load, the tension-compression asymmetry coefficient, power exponent and temperature on the displacement of the neutral axis, curvature and phase boundary were obtained. The results draw that as the increase of the load, the displacement of neutral axis and the curvature become larger and the phase boundary is farther away from the edge of the section; the more the temperature and the power exponent are, the smaller the displacement of neutral axis and curvature will be, and the phase boundary become closer to the edge of the section; the tension-compression asymmetry coefficient has a greater influence on the phase boundary of the compressive side, but it has a weak influence on the phase boundary of the tensile side.
„Es tut mir leid“
Authors: von Campenhausen Jutta
Published: March 2022

Entschuldigungen haben in der Medizin einen schlechten Ruf. Dabei zeigen aufrichtige
Worte des Bedauerns, dass der Arzt aufmerksam, empathisch und anspruchsvoll ist. Das
verbessert nachweislich die Gesprächsatmosphäre. Haftungsrechtliche
Folgen gibt es nicht.
Heinrich (Heiri) Egli-Dobler19. April 1940 – 20. Juni
2021
Authors: Altorfer-Lange Birgit
Published: March 2022

Anlässlich der Jahresversammlung der Schweizerischen Balint Gesellschaft
Anfang November 2021 haben wir uns mit einer Schweigeminute und diversen
persönlichen Erinnerungsbeiträgen von unserem
Gründungsmitglied Heiri Egli verabschiedet.
Bright and uniform light emission from stretchable, dual-channel energy conversion systems: Simultaneous harnessing of electrical and mechanical excitations
Authors: Song Seongkyu , Choi Hyeon-Seo , Cho Chang-Hee , Lim Sang Kyoo , Jeong Soon Moon
Published: March 2022

Recently, significant progress has been made in the development of new techniques for the fabrication of mechanically durable, bright, and deformable electroluminescent devices, leading to the emergence of various technologies, such as soft robots, actuators, flexible/stretchable/wearable electronics, and self-healable devices. However, these devices mostly possess coplanar structures, wherein the internally generated light must be transmitted through at least one of the electrodes, and require a thin emissive layer (EML), causing low brightness and less applicability in soft devices. This is particularly challenging in the case of stretchable electroluminescent devices, which require electrodes exhibiting both high transmittance and low resistance even in the stretchable state because thin EMLs have low tolerance to external mechanical deformations. Herein, we report in-plane electric-field-driven, stretchable alternating-current electroluminescent devices with high brightness by utilizing a thick EML comprising multiple parallelly patterned silver nanowires embedded in a zinc-sulfide-embedded polydimethylsiloxane layer. Since the device is driven by an internal in-plane electric field, it can utilize a thick EML without using planar electrodes. At an electric field of 8 V/μm, the device showed 3.8 times higher electroluminescence luminance than a thin coplanar-structured device and achieved a maximum brightness of 1324 cd/m2 (at 9.12 V/μm), suggesting that the electric field expands throughout the thick EML. Furthermore, the device exhibited strong mechanoluminescence and good durability of dual-channel luminescence under simultaneous electromechanical stimulation. We believe that our results represent a breakthrough in electroluminescence and mechanoluminescence research and provide important insights into the development of sustainable and stretchable devices with high brightness.
Classical-quantum localization in one dimensional systems: The kicked rotor
Authors: Hamilton C. , Pérez-Ríos J.
Published: March 2022

This work explores the origin of dynamical localization in one-dimensional systems using the kicked rotor as an example. In particular, we propose the fractal dimension of the phase space as a robust indicator to characterize the onset of classical chaos. As a result, we find that the system crosses the stability border when the fractal dimension ≥1.81, and we obtain a functional form for the fractal dimension as a function of the kick strength. At the same time, dynamical localization is explored in the quantum realm by looking into the energy–localization relationship across the classical stability border, thus finding a correlation between the classical chaos and the presence of dynamical localization.
Mechanism of development of turbulent boundary layer in a curved circular pipe under supersonic conditions
Authors: Liang Chang-Hai , Sun Ming-Bo , Huang Yu-hui , Xiong Da-Peng , Yu Jiang-fei , Yang Yi-Xin , Wang Hong-Bo , Sun Yong-chao , Ma Guang-Wei
Published: March 2022

This study investigates the characteristics of a turbulent boundary layer in a curved circular pipe under an inflow of Ma = 3.0. The pipe consisted of a straight part and a curved part with a turning angle of 36° and a radius of curvature, γ = R/Rc, of γ = 0.0825. The nanoparticle-based planar laser scattering technique was applied to visualize the structure of the instantaneous flow field, and a large eddy simulation was conducted to uncover the physical aspects of development of the turbulent boundary layer. The distributions of density and vorticity, baroclinic pressure caused by the density and pressure gradients, and other physical quantities were analyzed. The asymmetry of the turbulent boundary layer in the curved part of the pipe, as influenced by curvature, secondary flow, and oblique shock, was obtained as the boundary layer on the inner wall gradually thickened while that on the outer wall gradually thinned. The secondary flow took the mainstream outer bend of the curved pipe and drew the low-energy fluid in the boundary layer to its inner bend, which led to the gradual thickening of the turbulent boundary layer from the outer to the inner bend along the circumferential direction. A low-speed region was formed in the downstream region of the inner part. The intersection between the oblique shock wave and the shear layer led to a high baroclinic pressure that promoted the generation of the vortex and forced the boundary layer to turn and inhibit the separation in the inner part.
Resistance to NaCl salinity is positively correlated with iron and zinc uptake potential of wheat genotypes
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Rehman Sadia , Saqib Muhmmad , Amjad Muhammad , Murtaza Behzad , Siddiqui Manzer H. , Chen Yinglong
Published: March 2022

Context Soil salinity is a serious environmental issue that is drastically reducing crop productivity via limiting the uptake of important micronutrients including iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). Aims To identify the wheat genotypes with better Fe and Zn uptake potential under saline conditions. Methods The seedlings of eight wheat genotypes (SARC-1, SARC-2, SARC-3, SARC-4, SARC-5, SARC-6, SARC-7 and SARC-8) were exposed to salinity (100 mM NaCl), deficiency of Fe and Zn (one-fourth of the control) and their combination of salinity and deficiency of Fe and Zn, created usingHoagland’s nutrient solution for 28 days. Key Results It was noticed that root and shoot growth of all the genotypes decreased due to salinity and nutrient (Fe and Zn) deficiency, and even higher in their combined treatment. The concentration of Na increased while K decreased under both salinity alone and it's combination with nutrient deficiency. The concentrations and uptake of Fe and Zn greatly decreased in the combinedapplication of salinity and nutrient deficiency followed by nutrient deficiency and saline treatments. Multivariate analysis showed that Na uptake was the major reason for the limited growth and nutrient uptake by wheat genotypes. Conclusions SARC-5 was the most sensitive genotype against salinity and nutrient deficiency. In contrast, SARC-1 was the most tolerant genotype against salinity, whichaccumulated the highest contents of both Fe and Zn. Among the eight genotypes used in the present study, SARC-1 is the most suitable genotype for cultivation on Zn and Fe deficient saline soils. Implications The obtained results would be very helpful for ensuring food security and quality in salt affected areas.
Movement-based signalling by four species of dragon lizard (family Agamidae) from the Kimberley region of Western Australia
Authors: Peters Richard A. , De Jong Jordan , Ramos Jose A.
Published: March 2022

Communication signals underpin the social lives of animals, from species recognition to mate selection and territory defense. Animal signals are diverse in structure between and within species, with the diversity reflecting interacting factors of shared evolutionary history, constraints imposed on senders and receivers and the ecological context in which signalling takes place. The dragon lizards of Australia (family Agamidae) are known for their movement-based visual displays and are useful models for how ecology influences behaviour. However, we know little about the communication strategies of many species. Our aim here was to provide new knowledge on some of these species, focusing on the north-west of Western Australia. We filmed within-species pairwise interactions of Diporiphora superba, D. bennetti, D. sobria and Ctenophorus isolepis isolepis. We describe and quantify for the first time push-up displays by D. superba and C. isolepis isolepis and tail waving displays of D. bennetti. Only D. sobria did not generate movement-based visual signals. We have confirmed that more species engage in such behaviour than previously reported, but further work is required to document the full repertoire of these species. The implications of our work are discussed in the context of signal structure, function and environmental context.
Bulk and grain-scale minor sulfur isotope data reveal complexities in the dynamics of Earth’s oxygenation
Authors: Izon Gareth , Luo Genming , Uveges Benjamin T. , Beukes Nicolas , Kitajima Kouki , Ono Shuhei , Valley John W. , Ma Xingyu , Summons Roger E.
Published: March 2022

Significance

The permanent disappearance of mass-independent sulfur isotope fractionation (S-MIF) from the sedimentary record has become a widely accepted proxy for atmospheric oxygenation. This framework, however, neglects inheritance from oxidative weathering of pre-existing S-MIF–bearing sedimentary sulfide minerals (i.e., crustal memory), which has recently been invoked to explain apparent discrepancies within the sulfur isotope record. Herein, we demonstrate that such a crustal memory effect does not confound the Carletonville S-isotope record; rather, the pronounced Δ
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S values identified within the Rooihoogte Formation represent the youngest known unequivocal oxygen-free photochemical products. Previously observed
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S-enrichments within the succeeding Timeball Hill Formation, however, contrasts with our record, revealing kilometer-scale heterogeneities that highlight significant uncertainties in our understanding of the dynamics of Earth’s oxygenation.
Locatum and location verbs in Italian
Authors: Vietri Simonetta
Published: March 2022

In this paper I claim that Italianlocationandlocatumverbs constitute two syntactically distinct classes of verbs.Locationverbs are derived from a noun corresponding to a location, and behave similarly tostandardverbs of caused motion.Locatumverbs are derived from a noun corresponding to the located entity, and behave similarly tocroisésverbs. Despite these similarities, the derivational structure oflocatumandlocationverbs has an impact on their syntactic structure. For this reasonlocatumandlocationverbs cannot be included in the classes ofcroisésandstandardverbs, respectively. They deserve a separate classification.
Language policies and organizational features of international organizations
Authors: Zhang Huiyu , Ke Yao , Liu Haitao
Published: March 2022

Language policy, which is directly concerned with organizational operation, functions, and objectives, has become
an increasingly important issue in international organizations (IOs). However, research on IOs’ language policies, especially
exploration based on large-scale data, is rather limited. Using data from the Yearbook of International Organizations
(2020–2021), this study explores how IOs select their languages. It is found that: (1) Federations of IOs and IGOs
are more likely to choose languages other than English, whereas universal membership organizations and NGOs are much more likely
to use English; (2) IOs headquartered in Western countries adopt more diverse languages than those in Asia, and those
headquartered in developed countries are more prone to choose local language(s) than those in developing countries; (3) IOs with a
longer history tend more towards multilingualism; (4) IOs dealing with religion, law, society, transportation, and communication
are more inclined to be multilingual; and (5) IOs with individual members generally choose fewer languages than those with IO
members. These findings reveal that IOs’ language management is shaped not only by internal and external organizational features,
but also by the interactions between these features and language values.
Challenges of trust in atypical interaction
Authors: Lindholm Camilla , Stevanovic Melisa
Published: March 2022

All effective communication is based on the participants trusting that they share their basic orientations to the world – that is, they have a common ground. In this paper, however, we examine situations in which such trust is lacking. Drawing on conversation–analytic methodology and on 30 hours of video data featuring persons with dementia and their caregivers in a Swedish-language daycare center in Finland, we consider some of the social consequences resulting from a lack of trust. Our analysis focused on three different interactional contexts, highlighting the relevance of different facets of the participants’ common ground. These facets are anchored in the deontic, epistemic, and emotional orders, respectively. We show that, with regard to each order, a lack of trust in the existence of common ground has drastic consequences, leading to (1) problems related to getting one’s will acknowledged, (2) a scarcity of conversational partners, and (3) a lack of resources to maintain affection.
Abnormal exercise adaptation after varying severities of COVID‐19: A controlled cross‐sectional analysis of 392 survivors
Authors: Braga Fabrício , Domecg Fernanda , Kalichsztein Marcelo , Nobre Gustavo , Kezen José , Espinosa Gabriel , Prado Christiane , Facio Marcelo , Moraes Gabriel , Gottlieb Ilan , Lima Ronaldo L. , Danielian Alfred , Emery Michael S.
Published: March 2022

The multisystem impairment promoted by COVID‐19 may be associated with a reduction in exercise capacity. Cardiopulmonary abnormalities can change across the acute disease severity spectrum. We aimed to verify exercise physiology differences between COVID‐19 survivors and SARS‐CoV‐2‐naïve controls and how illness severity influences exercise limitation. A single‐centre cross‐sectional analysis of prospectively collected data from COVID‐19 survivors who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in their recovery phase (x = 50[36;72] days). Patients with COVID‐19 were stratified according to severity as mild [M‐Cov (outpatient)] vs severe/critical [SC‐Cov(inpatients)] and were compared with SARS‐CoV‐2‐naïve controls (N‐Cov). Collected information included demographics, anthropometrics, previous physical exercise, comorbidities, lung function test and CPET parameters. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify low aerobic capacity (LAC) predictors post COVID‐19. Of the 702 included patients, 310 (44.2%), 305 (43.4%) and 87 (12.4%) were N‐Cov, M‐Cov and SC‐Cov, respectively. LAC was identified in 115 (37.1%), 102 (33.4%), and 66 (75.9%) of N‐CoV, M‐CoV and SC‐CoV, respectively (p < 0.001). SC‐Cov were older, heavier with higher body fat, more sedentary lifestyle, more hypertension and diabetes, lower forced vital capacity, higher prevalence of early anaerobiosis, ventilatory inefficiency and exercise‐induced hypoxia than N‐Cov. M‐Cov had lower weight, fat mass, and coronary disease prevalence and did not demonstrate more CEPT abnormalities than N‐Cov. After adjustment for covariates, SC‐Cov was an independent predictor of LAC (OR = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3‐5.6). Almost two months after disease onset, SC‐CoV presented several exercise abnormalities of oxygen uptake, ventilatory adaptation and gas exchange, including a high prevalence of LAC.

Highlights

Weeks after the acute disease phase, one‐third of mild and three‐quarters of severe and critical patients with COVID‐19 presented a reduced aerobic capacity. Previous studies including SARS‐CoV‐1 survivors observed much lower values.

A severe or critical COVID‐19 case was an independent predictor for low aerobic capacity.

In our sample, pre‐COVID‐19 exercise significantly reduced the odds of post‐COVID‐19 low aerobic capacity. Even severe or critical patients who exercised regularly had a prevalence of low aerobic capacity 2.5 times lower than those who did not have this routine before sickening.