bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating Venous Thromboembolism Risk in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Inpatients: Validation of Existing Risk Scores and Development of New Risk Scores
Authors: Qin Li , Liang Zhikun , Xie Jingwen , Li Xiaoyan
Published: September 2023

Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients are predisposed to venous thromboembolism (VTE). This study aimed to (1) evaluate the efficacy of 4 existing cancer-specific VTE models in predicting VTE incidence among hospitalized mCRC patients, and (2) examine the influence of incorporating mCRC molecular subtypes into these models. We conducted an evaluation of 4 cancer-specific VTE models, including Khorana, Vienna CATS, Protecht, and CONKO in a dataset involving 1392 mCRC patients. To evaluate the predictive performance, we utilized receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for both the original models and the modified models that incorporated microsatellite instability status or KRAS/ NRAS/ BRAF mutations. Moreover, we computed the net reclassification improvement (NRI) to quantify the enhancements made to the modified VTE risk models. All models demonstrated a moderate area under the ROC curve (ROC-AUC) when predicting the occurrence of VTE: Khorana (0.550), Vienna CATS (0.671), Protecht (0.652), and CONKO (0.578). The incorporation of KRAS and BRAF mutations significantly improved the ROC-AUC of all 4 existing models (modified Khorana: 0.796, modified Vienna CATS: 0.832, modified Protecht: 0.834, and modified CONKO: 0.809). After dichotomizing the risk using a threshold of 3 points and comparing them with the original models, NRI values for the 4 modified models were 0.97, 0.95, 1.11, and 0.98, respectively. All 4 cancer-specific VTE models exhibit moderate performance when identifying mCRC patients at high risk of VTE. Incorporating KRAS and BRAF mutations may enhance the prediction of VTE in hospitalized mCRC patients.
ADHD Diagnosis in Children of Non-US-Born Parents: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Pham Duy , Lin Allison , Rosenthal Hannah , Milanaik Ruth
Published: September 2023

Objective(s):

To assess the likelihood of ADHD diagnosis in children of non-US-born caregivers relative to children of US-born caregivers.

Method:

Cross-sectional analysis of a combined 2016 to 2019 National Survey of Children’s Health dataset ( n = 109,881) was performed to identify associations between caregiver’s birth outside the U.S. and child’s ADHD diagnosis. Logistic regression models adjusted for potential sociodemographic confounders.

Results:

Children with one or two non-US-born caregivers were less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD (aOR = 0.58, p < .001; aOR = 0.59, p < .001, respectively). Likelihood of a diagnosis increased as non-US-born caregivers spent more time in the US. After a diagnosis, children of two non-US-born caregivers were less likely to be treated with medication.

Conclusion:

The lower likelihood of ADHD diagnosis in children with non-US-born caregivers may reflect an increasing need for public health education to raise awareness about ADHD among this population and the development of culturally sensitive ADHD identification methodologies.
I Didn’t Win! An Overlooked Downside of Crowdsourcing?
Authors: Karpukhina Tatiana , Schreier Martin , Janiszewski Chris , Nishikawa Hidehiko
Published: September 2023

This research identifies a surprising downside to using crowdsourcing to generate new product ideas: participants who do not win an idea generation contest temporarily disengage from the contest-hosting brand. When people lose a crowdsourcing contest, the experience of losing negatively affects the participants’ word-of-mouth and short-term purchase behaviors. Reframing the contest as a community activity (e.g., “Join the crowd and help us find a name for our new restaurant”) rather than a competition (e.g., “Compete with the crowd to be the one who names our new restaurant”) is found to positively affect a losing customer's subsequent engagement with the contest-hosting brand. Community framing shifts attention away from losing the contest (i.e., it reduces negative affect) and toward collectively creating a superior outcome (i.e., it increases one's perceived contribution), without changing the nature of the contest itself (i.e., participants continue to submit ideas). Community framing positively affects subsequent participant engagement, but it does not influence the effort the participant invests in the contest or the quality of the idea the participant submits. The evidence consists of lab experiments, field experiments, and a large-scale field study that measured actual purchase behavior.
Efficacy and safety of four-year ofatumumab treatment in relapsing multiple sclerosis: The ALITHIOS open-label extension
Authors: Hauser Stephen L , Zielman Ronald , Das Gupta Ayan , Xi Jing , Stoneman Dee , Karlsson Goeril , Robertson Derrick , Cohen Jeffrey A , Kappos Ludwig
Published: September 2023

Background:

Ofatumumab has demonstrated superior efficacy and favorable safety for up to 2.5 years versus teriflunomide in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS).

Objective:

Further characterize efficacy and safety of ofatumumab in RMS.

Methods:

Efficacy set: patients randomized to ofatumumab/teriflunomide in ASCLEPIOS I/II (core). Safety set: patients who received ⩾ 1 dose of ofatumumab in ASCLEPIOS I/II, APLIOS, APOLITOS (all core), or ALITHIOS (umbrella open-label extension). Patients received continuous ofatumumab or were newly switched from teriflunomide. Data cut-off: 25 September 2021.

Results:

In the efficacy set ( n = 1882), the continuous ofatumumab group had a low annualized relapse rate (ARR 0.05 (95% confidence interval: 0.04–0.07)), low numbers of gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) T1 lesions (0.01 lesions/scan) and fewer new/enlarging T2 lesions (annualized rate 0.08). Overall, 78.8% met three-parameter “no evidence of disease activity” criteria through 4 years. Switching from teriflunomide led to reduced ARR, risk of confirmed disability worsening (CDW), new/enlarging T2 lesions, Gd+ T1 lesions, and serum neurofilament light chain. In the continuous and newly switched ofatumumab groups, cumulative 3- and 6-month CDW rates remained low. In the safety set ( n = 1969), the most frequently reported adverse events were infections and infestations (58.35%). No new safety signals were identified.

Conclusion:

Ofatumumab has a favorable longer-term benefit–risk profile in RMS.

Trial registry:

ALITHIOS (NCT03650114): https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03650114
Tackling gendered aspects of acculturation through Turkish migrant Women’s experiences in Europe
Authors: Erdogmus N. Yagmur , Moleiro Carla , Grzymała-Moszczyńska Halina
Published: September 2023

Gendered patterns and experiences in migration and acculturation research have recently started to gain recognition with the developments of intersectional and transnational/diaspora theories. Following advancements in the literature, the aim of the current study is to tackle gendered experiences of acculturation through readapting different social domains of RAEM (Relative Acculturation Extended Model) in making sense of the data from qualitative interviews with 24 Turkish migrant women across different European contexts. Findings suggest alternative lines in conceptualizing culture and thus, acculturation, in the case of Turkish migrant women, in addition to conceptualizing potential gendered peculiarities that may surface at the intersection of different positionalities across different social domains. Different consequences of how social domains intertwine in shaping women’s acculturation strategies and the mismatch between their ideal and real strategies are discussed, with potential future leads and implications.
ParEvo: A methodology for the exploration and evaluation of alternative futures
Authors: Davies Rick , Hobson Tom , Mani Lara , Beard SJ
Published: September 2023

Evaluators’ main encounter with views of the future is in the form of theories of change, about how a programme will work to achieve a desired end, in a given context. These are typically focussed on specific relatively short-term futures, which are both desired and expected. But even in the short term, reality often involves unpredictable events which must be responded to. Other ways of thinking about the future may be helpful and complementary, notably those developed by foresight practitioners working in the field of futures studies. These pay more attention to a range of possible futures, rather than a single perspective. One way of exploring such futures is by using ParEvo.org, an online process that enables the participatory exploration of alternative futures. This article explains how the ParEvo process works, the theory informing its design, and its usage to date. Attention is given to three evaluation challenges, and methods to address them: (a) optimising exercise design, (b) analysis of immediate results and (c) identifying longer-term impacts. Two exercises undertaken by the Cambridge-based Centre for the Study of Existential Risk (CSER) in 2021–2022 are used as illustrative examples.
Role of Public Debt in Indian States in the Post-Reform Era
Authors: Roy Subaran , Paul Anusree
Published: September 2023

The substantial amount of existing literature investigating the debt–growth association for high-income countries shows that debt has a negative impact on economic growth or the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between these two variables on some occasions. Given the lack of literature involving developing economies in this space, our study entirely focuses on a developing country like India. The study examines the empirical relationship between public debt (internal) and state gross domestic product (SGDP) for India in the post-reform era. The panel data extend from the year 2000 till 2020. Our random error component model findings indicate a positive and significant impact of debt in enhancing the Indian SGDPs for the above-mentioned period. Results are also confirmed by using an alternative estimation technique, namely, fixed effect. Next, we address the issue of endogeneity by employing generalized method of moments. Our results continue to remain robust. Finally, the inclusion of other control variables does not alter our findings.

JEL Codes: H63, H54, O50, C51
Investigations on the diffusion bonding of titanium alloy and aluminum alloy using copper at low bonding pressure
Authors: Kota Pavan Kalyan , R Vaira Vignesh , M Govindaraju , Palaparthi Hari Durga Prasad
Published: September 2023

This research investigates the diffusion bonding of hybrid aluminum (Al)–titanium (Ti) joints using a copper (Cu) interlayer in a vacuum environment. At 610 °C and 1 MPa pressure, partial melting of Al caused deformation and misalignment, while 520 °C showed no melting of Al–Cu at the interface. A rod-shaped precipitate with primarily Al was observed at 550 °C, and grain coarsening occurred at 580 °C at the interface, accompanied by increased Cu diffusion within the Al matrix for a bonding time of 45 min. A Ti–Al-based intermetallic layer formed on the Ti side, but voids and cracks were present in the Al–Cu diffusion region at 580 °C. Hardness variation resulted from microstructural changes due to bonding temperature, particularly near the bond line due to hard intermetallic compounds. Shear strength averaged 41 MPa at 550 °C and decreased to 33 MPa at 580 °C due to grain growth, voids, and crack propagation, causing brittle joint failure at the interface. X-ray diffraction on the fracture surfaces revealed that the failure of diffusion-bonded joints is attributed to fractures through the Ti–Al-based intermetallic compounds at the interface and unbonded region.
Supporting Diverse Family Caregivers: Key Stakeholder Perspectives
Authors: Nadash Pamela , Qu Shan , Tell Eileen J.
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to understand the perspectives of key stakeholders regarding strategies for better supporting culturally and ethnically diverse family caregivers, aiming to incorporate them into the Recognize, Assist, Include, Support, and Engage (RAISE) Family Caregivers Advisory Council’s proposed National Strategy. The Strategy, published in 2022, identified priority actions to support the growing population of people providing unpaid care to people of all ages with disabilities, with a goal of improving the health and well-being of both the family caregiver and the person receiving support. Researchers conducted extensive outreach to purposively diverse stakeholder organizations, using six stakeholder strategy sessions with representatives from 42 groups in December 2020 to identify preliminary themes. During July–October 2021, 17 key informant interviews and 16 stakeholder listening sessions were held, involving 103 different organizations. Qualitative data analysis using an inductive approach was used to identify key themes. A significant issue for diverse caregivers is widespread lack of self-identification as caregivers, which is tied to a lack of awareness of potentially helpful services and supports; culturally appropriate outreach is critical to ensure access to services, as well as access to centralized resources and funding for community- and faith-based organizations. A community health worker model was recommended. Tailored activities, involving trusted community- and faith-based groups, as well as investments in caregiver- and culturally-specific supports, are critical for reaching the diverse family caregivers who most need supports. Raising awareness of caregiving among and taking advantage of the expertise of professionals working with diverse communities is also crucial.
Design and performance of stretchable resistive sensor based on knitted loop structures for motion detection
Authors: Li Luhong , Sun Jianglong , Cong Honglian
Published: September 2023

The urgent need for flexible strain sensors that are both aesthetic and functional is addressed, given the rapid development of smart wearable technology and the improvement of material level. To achieve this, silver-plated yarns based on nylon and nylon wrapped spandex were directly knitted into the sensor using cross-knit intarsia and plating technology. Five samples, with varying percentages of loops and tuck loops, were designed. The results indicated that the sensor demonstrated a GF of 2.80 kPa−1 at the Lx-axis and 3.67 kPa−1 at the Ly-axis, showing good repeatability during 1000 cycles of stretch/release. Moreover, it exhibited fast responsiveness, enabling it to discriminate between different rates of stretch. The sensor's potential for application in wearable smart medical monitoring was demonstrated by its ability to be embedded in garments for joint motion monitoring. These findings collectively suggest that the designed knitted strain sensor holds promising potential for use in the field of wearable smart medical monitoring.
Body as First Teacher: The Role of Rhythmic Visceral Dynamics in Early Cognitive Development
Authors: Corcoran Andrew W. , Perrykkad Kelsey , Feuerriegel Daniel , Robinson Jonathan E.
Published: September 2023

Embodied cognition—the idea that mental states and processes should be understood in relation to one’s bodily constitution and interactions with the world—remains a controversial topic within cognitive science. Recently, however, increasing interest in predictive processing theories among proponents and critics of embodiment alike has raised hopes of a reconciliation. This article sets out to appraise the unificatory potential of predictive processing, focusing in particular on embodied formulations of active inference. Our analysis suggests that most active-inference accounts invoke weak, potentially trivial conceptions of embodiment; those making stronger claims do so independently of the theoretical commitments of the active-inference framework. We argue that a more compelling version of embodied active inference can be motivated by adopting a diachronic perspective on the way rhythmic physiological activity shapes neural development in utero. According to this visceral afferent training hypothesis, early-emerging physiological processes are essential not only for supporting the biophysical development of neural structures but also for configuring the cognitive architecture those structures entail. Focusing in particular on the cardiovascular system, we propose three candidate mechanisms through which visceral afferent training might operate: (a) activity-dependent neuronal development, (b) periodic signal modeling, and (c) oscillatory network coordination.
Hand conditions as sequelae of infection with COVID-19: a literature review
Authors: Koo Kenneth Kin-Hoo , Morris James , Ansari Saif Akhter , Younis Fizan
Published: September 2023

Patients have attended our clinics with various hand pathologies after contracting COVID-19 or receiving vaccination. We postulate the virus stimulates a systemic inflammatory response that triggers these pathologies and conducted a search of the literature for associated conditions. Twenty publications were included for this review. Three studies identified skeletal muscle inflammation, and several identified reactive arthritis post-infection. Rheumatoid arthritis post-infection was also recognized, along with crystalline arthropathy. Carpal tunnel syndrome was seen in two cases. There is a current paucity in published scientific material regarding COVID-19 sequalae in the hand. This review aims to stimulate discussion in how a virus can induce pathological processes causing common hand pathologies.
Demographics and deprivation in obstetric brachial plexus palsy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hardie Claire Madeline , Bourke Grainne , Salt Emily , Fort-Schaale Alice , Clark Stephen , Wiberg Mikael , Bains Robert
Published: September 2023

The present study analyses the relationships between deprivation and obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP). A retrospective observational study was conducted of infants with OBPP seen between 2008 and 2020 ( n = 321). The index of multiple deprivation (IMD) was used to assign an IMD rank to patients based on birth postcode and the relationship with OBPP was analysed, including deprivation, gestational diabetes, age at referral and at first assessment. Quintile-based analysis demonstrated over-representation of patients from more deprived neighbourhoods ( n = 109, 39%) living in the top 20% most deprived neighbourhoods. A total of 48 (15%) mothers had diabetes and 98 (31%) infants underwent surgical brachial plexus exploration (a marker of disease severity). Neither diabetes, age at referral nor age at first assessment were associated with IMD score. This suggests that neighbourhood deprivation is associated with OBPP, though the mechanisms are unclear. Further studies in this area may enable targeted health intervention for more deprived maternal and infant groups.

Level of evidence: III
COVID-19 vaccination procurement and contract management in a South African context
Authors: Read Anita , Botha Rob , Jamaloodien Khadija
Published: September 2023

This article examines the lessons learnt and opportunities created to strengthen future procurement and contract management in the public health sector. In a rigid and highly regulated public sector procurement landscape, the COVID-19 vaccine procurement and vaccine roll-out activated not usually used regulations, policies and standards. The article views the COVID-19 vaccine rollout programme through a procurement and contract management lens focusing on two key segments in the COVID-19 vaccine programme – namely COVID-19 vaccine procurement and vaccine delivery into health facilities. To date, 60 million COVID-19 vaccine doses have been successfully procured and delivered to South Africa. The South African National Department of Health is integrating the COVID-19 vaccine programme into its national immunisation programme while also preparing to launch the National Health Insurance. The overall lessons learnt during the COVID-19 vaccine roll-out can be utilised to strengthen future procurement and contract management in the public health sector.
Modeling the Macroeconomic and Demographic Determinants of Life Insurance Demand in Ghana Using the Elastic Net Algorithm
Authors: Oteng Phyllis Asorh , Lartey Victor Curtis , Amofa Amos Kwasi
Published: September 2023

The government of Ghana and the National Insurance Commission have shown concern over the low insurance patronage in Ghana. In order to take the necessary steps to increase insurance patronage, there is the need to, among other things, find the macroeconomic determinants of insurance demand in Ghana. The purpose of this study is to model the macroeconomic and demographic determinants of life insurance demand in Ghana. Data covering the period 1994 through 2020 are used for the study. Even though many studies have been done on determinants of insurance demand elsewhere (not in Ghana), almost all these studies use ordinary least square regression, stepwise regression, or similar regression methods. However, these methods are not robust enough to handle problems of multicollinearity, over-fitting, and inability to do out-of-sample prediction. This current study uses a regularization method known as elastic net regression algorithm which is more robust for handling the aforementioned problems, and more. The results of the study show that the dominating predictors (those with non-zero coefficients) of life insurance demand include old aged dependency ratio, life expectancy, urbanization, and financial development. The first three have positive relation with life insurance demand, while the last one has negative relation with life insurance demand. Insurance regulators and insurance companies are advised to design more innovative and attractive insurance policies for the aged and the old aged dependents as they have the highest tendency to affect insurance demand in Ghana.
Integrating “Lumpers” Versus “Splitters” Perspectives: Toward a Hierarchical Dimensional Taxonomy of Eating Disorders From Clinician Ratings
Authors: Forbush Kelsie T. , Chen Yiyang , Chen Po-Yi , Bohrer Brittany K. , Hagan Kelsey E. , Chapa Danielle A. N. , Christensen Pacella Kara A. , Perko Victoria , Richson Brianne N. , Johnson Munguia Sarah N. , Thomeczek Marianna L. , Nelson Sarah V. , Christian Kylie , Swanson Trevor J. , Wildes Jennifer E.
Published: September 2023

In this study, we describe a hierarchical dimensional model of eating-disorder (ED) classification based on the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology. Participants were community-recruited adults with an ED ( N = 252; 81.9% female). We used a modified version of Goldberg’s method, which involved sequentially extracting latent factors using exploratory structural equation modeling, resulting in a 10-factor hierarchical-dimensional model. Dimensions predicted 92.4% and 58.7% of the variance in recovery outcomes at 6 months and 1 year, respectively. Compared with other illness indicators (e.g., Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [ DSM] diagnoses, dimensional ED impairment scores, weight/shape overvaluation, and DSM ED-severity specifiers), hierarchical dimensions predicted 0.88 to 334 times more variance in ED behaviors at baseline and 1.95 to 80.8 times more variance in psychiatric impairment at 1-year follow-up. Results suggest that reducing within-disorder heterogeneity for EDs within the broader context of internalizing symptoms provides a powerful framework from which to predict outcomes and understand symptoms experienced by people with EDs.
Team Communication in the Workplace: Interplay of Communication Channels and Performance
Authors: Kaneko Atsuko
Published: September 2023

This study examines how communication channel use explains the effectiveness of workplace team communication through Media Richness Theory and Media Synchronicity Theory. It examines how job characteristics, personal attributes, communication channel usage, and team performance are interrelated in the workplace. The results of an online survey of 400 full-time employees and executives of large Japanese companies show that team communication effectiveness, including the degree of team coordination, inclusion, and performance satisfaction, can be explained through a combination of rich (synchronous) and lean (asynchronous) media use. The implications of using communication channels in the workplace are also discussed.
Greater Diversity or Fewer Whites? Disentangling Heterogeneity and Marginalized Group Share at Macro and Micro Levels
Authors: Abascal Maria , Ganter Flavien , Baldassarri Delia
Published: September 2023

Scholarship claims that diversity undermines trust and cooperation. Critiques focus on studies’ inability to discern diversity’s causal effects. In fact, most studies are unable to distinguish diversity (i.e., mixture) and marginalized group share (e.g., percentage Black). The authors argue for preserving this distinction and identify obstacles to doing so. First, homogeneously disadvantaged communities are acutely underrepresented in North America and Europe, the settings of most diversity research. The second issue, a case of the ecological fallacy, concerns our inability to infer associations between individual outcomes and diversity from associations between macro-level outcomes and diversity. Much diversity research would be better served by using group share measures that align with the in-group/out-group theories they draw on to motivate research and explain findings. The authors clarify the data and analytic requirements for research that seeks to draw conclusions about diversity per se. Practically, the distinction between diversity and marginalized group share is also relevant for policy.
Role of Crystal Orientation, Temperature, and Strain Rate on the Mechanical Characterization of Nickel: An Atomistic-scale investigation
Authors: Dora T. L. , Singh Sandeep Kumar , Mishra Radha Raman , Verma Akarsh
Published: September 2023

In this article, the influence of crystallographic orientation on the mechanical properties of pristine nickel (Ni) during uniaxial tensile deformation was explored by utilizing molecular dynamics simulations. To study the influence of [0 01] and [11 8 5] crystal orientations on the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of pristine Ni, simulations were performed at different temperatures ranging from 100 K to 900 K and at strain rates ranging from 10 7 to 10 10 s–1. The results revealed that Ni with [11 8 5] orientation showed a higher elastic modulus than Ni with [0 0 1] orientation, whereas the yield strength of [0 0 1] orientation was higher than [11 8 5] orientation for a combination of temperatures and strain rates. Also, in comparison to [11 8 5] crystal orientation, the system with [0 0 1] orientation showed a high amount of dislocation density at the yield strain point for lower strain rates. At higher strain rates, the face-centered cubic to body-centered cubic transition was more prominent in the Ni system with [0 0 1] orientation, and it tends to decrease with the increase in temperature. Our present work may help materials scientists design materials with different crystal orientations that can perform according to the applied strain rates and temperatures. It is also proposed that tailoring of mechanical properties is achievable by exposing Ni with different crystal orientations to various environmental conditions (cryogenic, ambient, and elevated temperatures with different applied strain rates).
Tips and Tricks for Anatomic ACL Reconstruction With Soft-Tissue Quadriceps Tendon and Remnant Repair
Authors: Dadoo Sahil , Keeling Laura E. , Runer Armin , Musahl Volker
Published: September 2023

Background:

Quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft represents an excellent option for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR), with minimal donor site morbidity and failure rates comparable with bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) autograft. This video aims to provide technical tips for ACLR using all-soft-tissue QT autograft.

Indications:

ACLR with QT autograft is indicated in young, active ACL-injured patients who desire a return to sport. It represents a viable option in both primary and revision ACLR, as well as in skeletally immature patients. It is particularly indicated in those who kneel frequently, such as wrestlers or laborers, due to the lower incidence of postoperative anterior knee pain.

Technique Description:

A vertical incision is used to harvest a 10 mm × 70 mm partial thickness, all-soft-tissue QT graft. Care is taken not to violate the capsule or musculature. If necessary, graft size is modified based on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement of the notch width. The graft is then prepared with continuous loop suspensory fixation on the femoral side and draw sutures on the tibial side. The lateral femoral notch is debrided to allow for visualization of the posterior wall to enable anatomic tunnel placement. When possible, the tibial stump is preserved. The femoral tunnel is drilled via an anteromedial portal and the tibial tunnel via a tibial guide. The graft is then passed through the tibial stump into the femur. It is fixed on the tibial side with a PEEK interference screw in full extension with application of a posterior drawer.

Results:

Outcomes following ACLR with QT autograft are excellent, with laxity and patient-reported outcomes comparable with those following ACLR with BPTB and hamstring autograft. Furthermore, QT ACLR has been shown to result in less donor site morbidity than BPTB autograft, and lower rates of failure and infection compared with hamstring autograft.

Conclusion:

ACLR with QT autograft is a good option in young, active patients in both the primary and revision settings. Advantages of QT ACLR include less donor site morbidity than BPTB, and lower rates of failure compared with hamstring autograft in young patients.

Patient Consent Disclosure Statement:

The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Risk, Resilience, and Ethical Considerations in Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Buzzanell Patrice Marie
Published: September 2023

In a multi-institutional National Science Foundation artificial intelligence grant application, we generated ideas for an institute that can leverage intelligent agents for cybersecurity. My own role, as co-principal investigator, concerned communication involving risk, safety, ethics, and inclusion (broadly diversity, equity, inclusion, and accountability, or DEIA) based on my resilience scholarship and prior National Science Foundation funding in ethical development, ethical design, and professional formation of engineers. This essay does not present the grant itself (that is being revised for resubmission), but outlines some considerations with regard to risk, resilience, and ethics in artificial intelligence.
Nascent, Liminal, and Emerging Technologies
Authors: Ling Rich
Published: September 2023

In this article, I consider how innovations emerge. I first look into what constitutes an innovation by asking about who benefits from the innovation and how it changes the institutional structure of society. I then trace the process of emergence as innovation moves through a liminal stage where different social groups work to interpret and perhaps contain the trajectory of the innovation. The discussion is illustrated by considering the path of different technologies such as printing, steam, digitalization, and artificial intelligence.
Photon-shielding properties of alkali- and acid-treated Philippine natural zeolite
Authors: Gili Mon Bryan Z.
Published: September 2023

The effects of chemical treatment on the radiation-shielding properties of Philippine natural zeolites were investigated using EpiXS following the EPICS2017 library. The zeolites were studied using X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The acid treatment eliminated Fe and Ca, having a negative impact on the cross-section of the HCl-modified zeolite. The mass attenuation coefficients of the raw, NaOH- and HCl-modified zeolites at 1332 keV were 0.0545, 0.0544 and 0.0548 cm2 g–1, respectively. At 100–10,000 keV, the linear attenuation coefficient depends on the density and increases in the order HCl-modified > NaOH-modified > raw zeolite. In the energy range of 100–16,000 keV, the mean free path and half-value layer values are in the order of HCl-modified < NaOH-modified < raw zeolite. The raw and NaOH-modified zeolites have comparable effective atomic numbers, whereas the HCl-treated zeolite has significantly lower such values.
Chemical and mineralogical reactions of bentonites in geotechnical barriers at elevated temperatures: review of experimental evidence and modelling progress
Authors: Kaufhold Stephan , Dohrmann Reiner , Wallis Ilka , Weber Christian
Published: September 2023

Bentonites are proposed to be used as buffers in high-level radioactive waste repositories. The elevated temperatures in repositories may, however, affect bentonites’ desired properties. For instance, heating under dry conditions can cause cation fixation, potentially affecting swelling properties. The kinetics of mineral dissolution and precipitation reactions will equally be influenced by temperature. Redistributions of Ca-sulphates and -carbonates have been observed, as well as illitization of smectite. Illitization, however, has only been observed in laboratory experiments at large solution/solid ratios, whereas it has not yet been unambiguously identified in large-scale experiments. In many large-scale tests, cation exchange is the first observable geochemical reaction. In addition, an enrichment of Mg close to the heater is found in many such tests. The thermal gradient and (incongruent) smectite dissolution are suspected to play a role with respect to the Mg enrichment, but the underlying mechanism has not been unravelled so far. To predict the long-term performance of a bentonite buffer, numerical modelling is required in order to be able to simulate the reactions of all accompanying mineral phases. Smectites, which dominate the bentonite composition, are therefore particularly difficult to characterise, as their dissolution is often observed to be non-stoichiometric. Various model approaches exist to simulate smectite reactions, mostly based on kinetic rate reactions, ideally considering the effect of pH (congruent or incongruent dissolution), temperature and the degree of saturation of the solution. Reassessing and improving the thermodynamic/kinetic data of smectites are prerequisites for improving long-term buffer performance assessment.
Theratyping cystic fibrosis patients to guide elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor out-of-label prescription
Authors: Dreano Elise , Burgel Pierre Régis , Hatton Aurelie , Bouazza Naim , Chevalier Benoit , Macey Julie , Leroy Sylvie , Durieu Isabelle , Weiss Laurence , Grenet Dominique , Stremler Nathalie , Ohlmann Camille , Reix Philippe , Porzio Michele , Roux Claude Pauline , Rémus Natacha , Douvry Benoit , Montcouquiol Sylvie , Cosson Laure , Mankikian Julie , Languepin Jeanne , Houdouin Veronique , Le Clainche Laurence , Guillaumot Anne , Pouradier Delphine , Tissot Adrien , Priou Pascaline , Mély Laurent , Chedevergne Frederique , Lebourgeois Muriel , Lebihan Jean , Martin Clémence , Zavala Flora , Da Silva Jennifer , Lemonnier Lydie , Kelly-Aubert Mairead , Golec Anita , Foucaud Pierre , Marguet Christophe , Edelman Aleksander , Hinzpeter Alexandre , de Carli Paola , Girodon Emmanuelle , Sermet-Gaudelus Isabelle , Pranke Iwona
Published: September 2023

Background

Around 20% of people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) do not have access to the triple combination elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) in Europe because they do not carry the F508del allele on the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Considering that pwCF carrying rare variants may benefit from ETI, including variants already validated by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a compassionate use programme was launched in France. PwCF were invited to undergo a nasal brushing to investigate whether the pharmacological rescue of CFTR activity by ETI in human nasal epithelial cell (HNEC) cultures was predictive of the clinical response.

Methods

CFTR activity correction was studied by short-circuit current in HNEC cultures at basal state (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) and after ETI incubation and expressed as percentage of normal (wild-type (WT)) CFTR activity after sequential addition of forskolin and Inh-172 (ΔIETI/DMSO%WT).

Results

11 pwCF carried variants eligible for ETI according to the FDA label and 28 carried variants not listed by the FDA. ETI significantly increased CFTR activity of FDA-approvedCFTRvariants (I601F, G85E, S492F, M1101K, R347P, R74W;V201M;D1270N and H1085R). We point out ETI correction of non-FDA-approved variants, including N1303K, R334W, R1066C, Q552P and terminal splicing variants (4374+1G>A and 4096-3C>G). ΔIETI/DMSO%WT was significantly correlated to change in percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s and sweat chloride concentration (p<0.0001 for both). G85E, R74W;V201M;D1270N, Q552P and M1101K were rescued more efficiently by other CFTR modulator combinations than ETI.

Conclusions

Primary nasal epithelial cells hold promise for expanding the prescription of CFTR modulators in pwCF carrying rare mutants. Additional variants should be discussed for ETI indication.
Acetylcholinesterase inhibition protects against trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity through reducing multiple programmed cell death pathways
Authors: Khuanjing Thawatchai , Maneechote Chayodom , Ongnok Benjamin , Prathumsap Nanthip , Arinno Apiwan , Chunchai Titikorn , Arunsak Busarin , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Chattipakorn Nipon
Published: September 2023

Background

Trastuzumab (Trz)-induced cardiotoxicity (TIC) is one of the most common adverse effects of targeted anticancer agents. Although oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and ferroptosis have been identified as potential mechanisms underlying TIC, the roles of pyroptosis and necroptosis under TIC have never been investigated. It has been shown that inhibition of acetylcholinesterase function by using donepezil exerts protective effects in various heart diseases. However, it remains unknown whether donepezil exerts anti-cardiotoxic effects in rats with TIC. We hypothesized that donepezil reduces mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiomyocyte death, leading to improved left ventricular (LV) function in rats with TIC.

Methods

Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to be Control or Trz groups (Trz 4 mg/kg/day, 7 days, I.P.). Rats in Trz groups were assigned to be co-treated with either drinking water (Trz group) or donepezil 5 mg/kg/day (Trz + DPZ group) via oral gavage for 7 days. Cardiac function, heart rate variability (HRV), and biochemical parameters were evaluated.

Results

Trz-treated rats had impaired LV function, HRV, mitochondrial function, and increased inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis. Donepezil co-treatment effectively decreased those adverse effects of TIC, resulting in improved LV function. An in vitro study revealed that the cytoprotective effects of donepezil were abolished by a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist.

Conclusions

Donepezil exerted cardioprotection against TIC via attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cardiomyocyte death, leading to improved LV function through mAChR activation. This suggests that donepezil could be a novel intervention strategy in TIC.
Investigation on the Mechanical Properties and Shape Memory Effect of Landing Buffer Structure Based on NiTi Alloy Printing
Authors: Yu Zhenglei , Xin Renlong , Xu Zezhou , Zhu Yining , Zhang Xiaolong , Hao Shijie , Zhang Zhihui , Liang Ping
Published: September 2023

With the deepening of human research on deep space exploration, our research on the soft landing methods of landers has gradually deepened. Adding a buffer and energy-absorbing structure to the leg structure of the lander has become an effective design solution. Based on the energy-absorbing structure of the leg of the interstellar lander, this paper studies the appearance characteristics of the predatory feet of the Odontodactylus scyllarus. The predatory feet of the Odontodactylus scyllarus can not only hit the prey highly when preying, but also can easily withstand the huge counter-impact force. The predatory feet structure of the Odontodactylus scyllarus, like a symmetrical cone, shows excellent rigidity and energy absorption capacity. Inspired by this discovery, we used SLM technology to design and manufacture two nickel-titanium samples, which respectively show high elasticity, shape memory, and get better energy absorption capacity. This research provides an effective way to design and manufacture high-mechanical energy-absorbing buffer structures using bionic 3D printing technology and nickel-titanium alloys.
Characterisation of the Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans ATCC 49919 genome and identification of several strains harbouring a highly syntenic nic-genes cluster
Authors: El-Sabeh Amada , Mlesnita Andreea-Mihaela , Munteanu Iustin-Tiberius , Honceriu Iasmina , Kallabi Fakhri , Boiangiu Razvan-Stefan , Mihasan Marius
Published: September 2023

Background

Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans ATCC 49919 uses the pyridine-pathway to degrade nicotine and could provide a renewable source of precursors from nicotine-containing waste as well as a model for studying the molecular evolution of catabolic pathways and their spread by horizontal gene transfer via soil bacterial plasmids.

Results

In the present study, the strain was sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 and Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) MinION platforms. Following hybrid assembly with Unicycler, the complete genome sequence of the strain was obtained and used as reference for whole-genome-based phylogeny analyses. A total of 64 related genomes were analysed; five Arthrobacter strains showed both digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values over the species threshold when compared to P. nicotinovorans ATCC 49919. Five plasmids and two contigs belonging to Arthrobacter and Paenarthrobacter strains were shown to be virtually identical with the pAO1 plasmid of Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans ATCC 49919. Moreover, a highly syntenic nic-genes cluster was identified on five plasmids, one contig and three chromosomes. The nic-genes cluster contains two major locally collinear blocks that appear to form a putative catabolic transposon. Although the origins of the nic-genes cluster and the putative transposon still elude us, we hypothesise here that the ATCC 49919 strain most probably evolved from Paenarthrobacter sp. YJN-D or a very closely related strain by acquiring the pAO1 megaplasmid and the nicotine degradation pathway.

Conclusions

The data presented here offers another snapshot into the evolution of plasmids harboured by Arthrobacter and Paenarthrobacter species and their role in the spread of metabolic traits by horizontal gene transfer among related soil bacteria.
Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate ameliorates neointima by protecting endothelial progenitor cells in diabetic mice
Authors: Heng Yan-Yan , Shang Hui-Juan , Zhang Xia-ze , Wei Wei
Published: September 2023

Background

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) transplantation is one of the effective therapies for neointima associated with endothelial injury. Diabetes impairs the function of EPCs and cumbers neointima prevention of EPC transplantation with an ambiguous mechanism. Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate (STS) is an endothelium-protective drug but whether STS protects EPCs in diabetes is still unknown.

Methods

EPCs were treated with High Glucose (HG), STS, and Nucleotide-binding Domain-(NOD) like Receptor 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, the Receptor of Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) (RAGE) inhibitors, Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP) siRNA, and EPC proliferation, differentiation functions, and senescence were detected. The treated EPCs were transplanted into db/db mice with the wire-injured Common Carotid Artery (CCA), and the CD31 expression and neointima were detected in the CCA inner wall.

Results

We found that STS inhibited HG-induced expression of NLRP3, the production of active caspase-1 (p20) and mature IL-1β, the expression of catalase (CAT) cleavage, γ-H2AX, and p21 in EPCs. STS restored the expression of Ki67, CD31 and von Willebrand Factor (vWF) in EPCs; AGEs were found in the HG-treated EPCs supernatant, and RAGE blocking inhibited the expression of TXNIP and the production of p20, which was mimicked by STS. STS recovered the expression of CD31 in the wire-injured CCA inner wall and the prevention of neointima in diabetic mice with EPCs transplantation.

Conclusion

STS inhibits the aggravated neointima hyperplasia by protecting the proliferation and differentiation functions of EPC and inhibiting EPC senescence in diabetic mice. The mechanism is related to the preservation of CAT activity by inhibiting the RAGE-TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
The impact of health education interventions on oral health promotion among older people: a systematic review
Authors: Bashirian Saeid , Khoshravesh Sahar , Ayubi Erfan , Karimi-Shahanjarini Akram , Shirahmadi Samane , Solaymani Parshang Faghih
Published: September 2023

Background

One of the most common pathologic changes in older people is oral and dental problems. The oral health of older people is a public health concern. Promotion of good oral health for this cohort will have beneficial impacts on the longer-term quality of life. This study aimed to identify the types of health education interventions for the oral health of older people and to determine their effects on the oral and dental health of older people.

Methods

Potential articles were retrieved from four electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Embase) up to 31 September 2022 in English without limit of time. Experimental and quasi-experimental interventional studies investigating the impact of educational interventions on oral and dental health among older people over 60 years old in both sexes were considered. The quality assessment tool was the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP).

Results

In the initial search, 1104 articles were retrieved. Finally, according to the inclusion criteria, 23 studies (seventeen randomized controlled trials (RCT) and six quasi-experimental studies) were reviewed. In this review, educational interventions for older people and their caregivers are classified. Theoretical frameworks were used in only three interventions related to older people. Outcome measures were both self-reported and objective measures. Fifteen of the included studies were of moderate quality.

Conclusion

This review provides evidence that the use of oral and dental health educational interventions was effective in improving the oral health of older people. Educational interventions were carried out both among older people and among their caregivers. Although a variety of interventions were used in the reviewed studies, more lectures were used in the interventions related to older people. In the interventions related to caregivers, in addition to lectures, practical education was also used. It is recommended to perform higher quality studies for assessing the effectiveness of interventions in this field.