bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Postural Issues and Associated Risk Factors among House Officers: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Waheed Saba , Nayab Tarim , Masi Maristella , Fatima Fatima , Khan Muhammad Zair , Ahmed Afshan
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to investigate the association between common faulty postures and their risk factors among 147 house officers at Dow University of Health Sciences. Data were collected using a posture analysis form and analyzed with SPSS version 22 over six months. Informed consent was obtained prior to postural assessments, which included general physical evaluation and a plumb line test. Six common faulty postures were evaluated: forward head posture, lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis, uneven shoulder height, and back muscle hump. The sample size was determined using Open Epi software. Forward head posture was the most prevalent faulty posture (76.9%), followed by lordosis (28.8%), while scoliosis was the least common (7%). The chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between postures and working hours. Forward head posture (p = 0.05) and uneven shoulder height (p = 0.002) showed statistically significant associations with working hours. However, no significant associations were found for lordosis (p = 0.85), kyphosis (p = 0.07), or scoliosis (p = 0.32). These findings highlight the potential impact of working hours on specific postural deviations.
A Comparative Study of Career Preferences & Career Conflicts among the Secondary and Senior Secondary School Students
Authors: Gure Gobind Singh , Kumar Munish
Published: January 2025

Education has a significant effect on the behaviour and profession of the individual. It prepares students for a career so that they can earn their livelihood. Thus, selecting an appropriate career is the most important decision that human beings have to make in their lives. This decision will affect them throughout their lives, so nothing is more important than choosing a career. When selecting a career, individuals have to struggle between two or more situations that need to be resolved, known as career conflicts. In today's world, where there are several career options available, there is pressure on individuals to select the best career for themselves. In the same way, most students in the secondary and senior secondary stage face a lot of career-related problems. Understanding the students' career plans and preferences can facilitate them to determine their future prestige, wealth, and status. Thus, it becomes important to help them in their career selection and to avoid conflicts. In this regard, the presented study was conducted to analyse the career preferences and career conflicts among secondary and senior secondary school students. The study was descriptive; therefore, a survey method was used to conduct this study.  This study selected a representative sample of 240 students from class 10th and class 12th from eight schools in two blocks of Sirsa districts of Haryana using a stratified random sampling technique. Appropriate data was collected through two standardized scales: the Career Preference Record (2009) by Bhargava & Bhargava and the Career Conflict Scale (2005) by Kumar and Rekha. The study's main findings were that overall, most of the secondary and senior secondary school students had given the first preference to law and order, second to education, and the least priority to agriculture as a career. It was also noticed that 'law and order' first, 'education' was the second preference of secondary students, whereas senior secondary students had given the first preference to 'education,' second to 'law & order,' and both secondary and senior secondary students, had given the least preference to agriculture as a career option. However, it was observed that there existed no significant differences between the career preferences of secondary and senior secondary school students. Further, it was found that there existed a significant difference between the career conflict among secondary and senior secondary school students. Moreover, it is also important to mention here, that the senior secondary school students had higher career conflicts rather than the secondary school students.  It is suggested to the school administration, teachers, and counsellors that they need to develop a mechanism at the school level that will help the students select the best career options in their lives to avoid career conflicts.
Effect of Critical Crop Weed-Competition in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Vasave J. B. , Dudhat M. S. , Mandiwala Munira S. , Patel H. M. , Sisodiya R. R. , Parmar V. T. , Sonavane S. S. , Patel V. D. , Patil P. A.
Published: January 2025

The field experiment was conducted at College Farm, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari during 2020-21 and 2021-22. Study of critical crop-weed competition in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under south Gujarat condition. The treatment W6 (Weed free up to harvest) were recorded significantly higher plant height at harvest, number of sympodial branches per plant, seed cotton weight (g/plant), stalk weight at harvest (g/plant) and seed cotton yield (kg/ha) during 2020-21, 2021-22 and in pooled results. But treatment (W6) was statistically at par with the treatments W5 (Weed free up to 75 DAS), W4 (Weed free up to 60 DAS) and W7 (Weedy up to 15 DAS) in both the years and in pooled results. The magnitude of increase in seed cotton yield with weed free up to harvest treatment (W6) over weedy up to harvest treatment (W12) were to the tune of 67.82, 75.90 and 71.87% higher during 2020-21, 2021-22 and in pooled results. Number of monopodial branches per plant was found non-significant results in both the individual years and in pooled results. Significantly minimum total least nutrient depletion (Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) by weed was recorded under the treatment W6 (Weed free up to harvest), value were nitrogen 0.27, 0.23 and 0.25 per cent, phosphorus 0.07, 0.06 and 0.06 per cent, potassium 0.38, 0.32 and 0.35 per cent during both individual years and in pooled results, respectively. But it remained at with the treatments W5, W4 and W7. Whereas, total highest nutrient depletion was recorded under the treatment W12 (Weedy up to harvest), value were nitrogen 13.34, 11.35 and 12.34 per cent, phosphorus 3.01, 2.73 and 2.87 per cent, potassium 14.37, 12.19 and 13.28 per cent during 2020-21, 2021-22 and in pooled results, respectively.
A Rare Case of Dermatitis Caused by Hypersensitivity to Orthopedic Synthetic Implant
Authors: Marinho Mariana Bessa , Rezende Leonardo Pinheiro , Silva Fábio Felippe da , Sardinha Henrique Costa , Leal Danilo Marques , Morais Adryan Tyrone Alves de , Sandes Enzo Boaventura , Machado Matheus Maciel , Arruda Jalsi Tacon
Published: January 2025

Aims: The present case report aims to describe a rare case of hypersensitivity to orthopedic synthetic materials, an adverse event that developed following surgical intervention for the correction of an open fracture of the radius and proximal ulna.
Presentation of Case: A 63-year-old woman sustained an open fracture of the right olecranon, requiring multiple surgeries, including external fixation and osteosynthesis. Postoperative complications included recurrent infections and persistent chronic dermatitis. A Patch Test identified allergies to cobalt chloride, nickel sulfate, and formaldehyde resin, potentially linked to the orthopedic implant. After the external fixator was removed, there was a gradual improvement of the skin lesions and pruritus.
Discussion: Hypersensitivity reactions to metal orthopedic implants, though rare, can cause cutaneous and extracutaneous symptoms, including eczema, urticaria, and implant complications. Diagnosis relies on patch testing. Treatment includes allergen removal, local therapy for mild cases, or systemic corticosteroids for severe symptoms.
Conclusion: Stainless-steel prostheses are common in osteosynthesis but can rarely cause hypersensitivity due to metal ion release from biomechanical stress. This case underscores the need for preoperative allergy screening and highlights the importance of developing implant materials that minimize hypersensitivity risks
Study of Different Decomposers with Biochar in Sugarcane Trash Management for Enhancing Ratoon Sugar Cane (Saccharum officinarum. L.) Yield
Authors: P Ashoka , G R Rajakumar
Published: January 2025

Burning of sugarcane trash is a hazardous practice which has affected soil health, air, human health etc. leading to massive impact as well as monetary losses. The present study aimed Assessing of different decomposers with biochar in sugarcane trash management for enhancing ratoon sugar cane yield at farmers field. Average of two years in data in table revealed that yield, economics of soil properties and nutrients. It is observed that. Average of two years root length 4.83cm and Sugarcane yield 97.92 t/ha recorded higher yield with application of Compost Culture 15 kg/ha and biochar 1 t/ha with retention of Sugarcane trash residue followed by application of liquid discomposure 15lit/ ha with biochar 1 ton/ha (93.79t/ha) compared to farmer practice if burning of trash in field itself Same trend followed economics which is 18.23% increase over the farmer practice (trash burning) and same trend followed in economics and available of nutrients.
A Superlong‐Acting Growth Hormone‐Polypeptide Fusion for Growth Hormone Deficiency Treatment
Authors: Yang Zhaoying , Yao Qiongqiong , Gong Like , Zhang Fan , Sun Jiawei , Sun Yuanzi , Gao Weiping
Published: November 2023

Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is clinically used to treat growth hormone deficiency (GHD). However, daily administration of rhGH is required due to its poor stability and short blood circulation, which causes pains and burdens as well as inconvenience to patients. In this study, a method for genetically fusing rhGH to a thermosensitive polymer of elastin‐like polypeptide (ELP) is reported, using which the rhGH‐ELP thermosensitive fusion protein can be purified by the thermosensitivity of ELP instead of chromatography. The ELP fusion not only drastically improves the stability of rhGH, but also enables the in situ formation of a sustained‐release depot of rhGH‐ELP upon subcutaneous (SC) injection, which exhibits gentle release with a platform‐to‐trough fluctuation in blood and a very long circulatory half‐life of 594.6 h. In contrast, rhGH exhibits a peak‐to‐trough fluctuation in blood with a very short circulatory half‐life of 0.7 h. As a result, a single subcutaneous injection of rhGH‐ELP can consecutively promote the linear growth of rats and the development of major tissues and organs over 3 weeks without obvious side effects, whereas rhGH is required to be injected daily to achieve similar therapeutic results.
TBHP‐Mediated Intermolecular Radical Coupling and Intramolecular Cyclization Cascade: Access to Furo[2,3‐b]quinoxalines and Their Photophysical Study
Authors: Ray Subhasish , Kumar Vipin , Singh Saurabh , Bandyopadhyay Krishanu , Saha Satyen , Shankar Singh Maya
Published: November 2023

A cascade one‐pot strategy to construct 31 examples of furo‐fused quinoxalines in up to 88% yields has been devised from readily accessible β‐ketothioamides and quinoxalin‐2‐ones in open flask at room temperature under TBHP mediated conditions. Mechanistic studies revealed that the overall reactivity relies on the seamless integration of intermolecular radical coupling and intramolecular cyclization via desulfhydration of C=S bond cleavage. Generation of H2S as the only by‐product makes this process highly attractive. Furthermore, the photophysical behavior of the furo‐fused quinoxalines has also been studied.
Self‐Folding Macromolecular Drug Carrier for Cancer Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Gao Shan , Miura Yutaka , Sumiyoshi Akira , Ohno Satoshi , Ogata Keisuke , Nomoto Takahiro , Matsui Makoto , Honda Yuto , Suzuki Minoru , Iiyama Megumi , Osada Kensuke , Aoki Ichio , Nishiyama Nobuhiro
Published: November 2023

Nano‐sized contrast agents (NCAs) hold potential for highly specific tumor contrast enhancement during magnetic resonance imaging. Given the quantity of contrast agents loaded into a single nano‐carrier and the anticipated relaxation effects, the current molecular design approaches its limits. In this study, a novel molecular mechanism to augment the relaxation of NCAs is introduced and demonstrated. NCA formation is driven by the intramolecular self‐folding of a single polymer chain that possesses systematically arranged hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments in water. Utilizing this self‐folding molecular design, the relaxivity value can be elevated with minimal loading of gadolinium complexes, enabling sharp tumor imaging. Furthermore, the study reveals that this NCA can selectively accumulate into tumor tissues, offering effective anti‐tumor results through gadolinium neutron capture therapy. The efficacy and versatility of this self‐folding molecular design underscore its promise for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
High‐Throughput Manufacturing of Multimodal Epidermal Mechanosensors with Superior Detectability Enabled by a Continuous Microcracking Strategy
Authors: An Jianing , Tran Van Thai , Xu Hai , Ma Wenshuai , Chen Xingkuan , Le Truong‐Son Dinh , Du Hejun , Sun Gengzhi , Kim Young‐Jin
Published: November 2023

Non‐invasive human‐machine interactions (HMIs) are expected to be promoted by epidermal tactile receptive devices that can accurately perceive human activities. In reality, however, the HMI efficiency is limited by the unsatisfactory perception capability of mechanosensors and the complicated techniques for device fabrication and integration. Herein, a paradigm is presented for high‐throughput fabrication of multimodal epidermal mechanosensors based on a sequential “femtosecond laser patterning‐elastomer infiltration‐physical transfer” process. The resilient mechanosensor features a unique hybrid sensing layer of rigid cellular graphitic flakes (CGF)‐soft elastomer. The continuous microcracking of CGF under strain enables a sharp reduction in conductive pathways, while the soft elastomer within the framework sustains mechanical robustness of the structure. As a result, the mechanosensor achieves an ultrahigh sensitivity in a broad strain range (GF of 371.4 in the first linear range of 0–50%, and maximum GF of 8922.6 in the range of 61–70%), a low detection limit (0.01%), and a fast response/recovery behavior (2.6/2.1 ms). The device also exhibits excellent sensing performances to multimodal mechanical stimuli, enabling high‐fidelity monitoring of full‐range human motions. As proof‐of‐concept demonstrations, multi‐pixel mechanosensor arrays are constructed and implemented in a robot hand controlling system and a security system, providing a platform toward efficient HMIs.
In Situ Synthesis of Ru/TiO2−x@TiCN Ternary Heterojunctions for Enhanced Sonodynamic and Nanocatalytic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhao Yin , Yuan Bo , Yan Lang , Wang Zhiwei , Xu Zheng , Geng Bijiang , Guo Xiang , Chen Xiongsheng
Published: November 2023

Albeit nanozymes‐based tumor catalytic therapy (NCT) relies on endogenous chemical reactions that could achieve tumor microenvironment (TME)‐specialized reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the unsatisfactory catalytic activity of nanozymes accompanied by complex TME poses a barrier to the therapeutic effect of NCT. Herein, a one‐step in situ synthesis strategy is reported to construct ternary Ru/TiO2−x@TiCN heterojunctions through oxidative conversion of TiCN nanosheets (NSs) to TiO2−x NSs and reductive deposition of Ru3+ to Ru nanoparticles. The narrow bandgap and existence of heterojunctions enhance the ultrasound‐activated ROS generation of Ru/TiO2−x@TiCN because of the accelerated electron transfer and inhibits electron–hole pair recombination. The augmented ROS production efficiency is achieved by Ru/TiO2−x@TiCN with triple enzyme‐like activities, which amplifies the ROS levels in a cascade manner through the catalytic decomposition of endogenous H2O2 to relieve hypoxia and heterojunction‐mediated NCT, as well as depletion of overexpressed glutathione. The satisfactory therapeutic effects of Ru/TiO2−x@TiCN heterojunctions are achieved through synergetic sonodynamic therapy and NCT, which achieve the complete elimination of tumors without recurrence. This strategy highlights the potential of in situ synthesis of semiconductor heterojunctions as enhanced sonosensitizers and nanozymes for efficient tumor therapy.
TfOH‐Catalyzed Regioselective Alkylation of Hydroxybenzotriazole with Diazo Compounds and Further Base‐Facilitated Elimination under Batch and Flow Conditions
Authors: Luo Mengxiang , Wang Rui , Li Yang , Gong Jiahao , Gu Shuangxi , Yan QiongJiao , Lv Jian , Zeng Jie , Wang Wei , Wang Haifeng , Chen Fener
Published: November 2023

An efficient and fascinating strategy has been devised for the construction of N‐hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) derivatives and α‐ketoesters through TfOH‐catalyzed regioselective alkylation of N‐hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) and one‐pot base‐facilitated elimination of alkylation products process under batch and flow conditions. It thus provides an expedient approach to access a range of HOBt derivatives and α‐ketoesters in good yields with high regioselectivity under mild conditions. Using flow process, less reacting time, being more environment‐friendly, and process continuity ensuring higher operation safety are achieved, highlighting the practicality of the developed system.
Membranes based on Covalent Organic Frameworks through Green and Scalable Interfacial Polymerization using Ionic Liquids for Antibiotic Desalination
Authors: Pan Yan , Liu HaoHao , Huang ZiQi , Zhang WenHai , Gao HaiQi , Liang LiJun , Dong LiangLiang , Meng Hong
Published: November 2023

Covalent organic framework (COF) membranes featuring uniform topological structures and devisable functions, show huge potential in water purification and molecular separation. Nevertheless, the inability of uniform COF membranes to be produced on an industrial scale and their nonenvironmentally friendly fabrication method are the bottleneck preventing their industrial applications. Herein, we report a new green and industrially adaptable scraping‐assisted interfacial polymerization (SAIP) technique to fabricate scalable and uniform TpPa COF membranes. The process used non‐toxic and low‐volatility ionic liquids (ILs) as organic phase instead of conventional organic solvents for interfacial synthesis of TpPa COF layer on a support membrane, which can simultaneously achieve the purposes of (i) improving the greenness of membrane‐forming process and (ii) fabricating a robust membrane that can function beyond the conventional membranes. This approach yields a large‐area, continuous COF membrane (19×25 cm2) with a thickness of 78 nm within a brief period of 2 minutes. The resulting membrane exhibited an unprecedented combination of high permeance (48.09 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) and antibiotic desalination efficiency (e.g., NaCl/adriamycin separation factor of 41.8), which is superior to the commercial benchmarking membranes.
Selective Electrocatalytic Degradation of Ether‐Containing Polymers
Authors: Hsu Jesse H. , Ball Tyler E. , Oh Sewon , Stache Erin E. , Fors Brett P.
Published: November 2023

Leveraging electrochemistry to degrade robust polymeric materials has the potential to impact society's growing issue of plastic waste. Herein, we develop an electrocatalytic oxidative degradation of polyethers and poly(vinyl ethers) via electrochemically mediated hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) followed by oxidative polymer degradation promoted by molecular oxygen. We investigated the selectivity and efficiency of this method, finding our conditions to be highly selective for polymers with hydridic, electron‐rich C−H bonds. We leveraged this reactivity to degrade polyethers and poly(vinyl ethers) in the presence of polymethacrylates and polyacrylates with complete selectivity. Furthermore, this method made polyacrylates degradable by incorporation of ether units into the polymer backbone. We quantified degradation products, identifying up to 36 mol % of defined oxidation products, including acetic acid, formic acid, and acetaldehyde, and we extended this method to degrade a polyether‐based polyurethane in a green solvent. This work demonstrates a facile, electrochemically‐driven route to degrade polymers containing ether functionalities.
Preparation of PAN@PU coaxial electrostatic spun nanofibers for oil/water separation
Authors: Fang Shaokang , Li Huirong , Feng Shida , Wang Pengxiang , Yu Yue , Zhang Hong , Guo Jing
Published: November 2023

Coaxial electrostatic spinning (co‐electrostatic spinning) technology has greatly expanded the versatility of the preparation of core–shell polymer nanofibers and has found a wide range of applications in the environmental and biological fields. Here we present a method for the preparation of coaxial nanofibers using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyurethane (PU) as raw materials. It was found that the tensile strength ranges from 2.14 to 4.07 MPa with the increasing spinning speed of the nucleated PU layer, and the elongation at break was up to 95.09% for M6:4, which was three times higher than that of the original MPAN (30.54%), and the toughness of the nanofiber film was also significantly improved. Finally, the oil/water separation capacity of the coaxial nanofiber membrane was investigated, and the results showed that the separation fluxes for various oil compounds ranged from 2380.18 to 3130.17 L·m−2·h−1, with separation efficiencies above 99%. This study not only investigates the effect of different flow rates of core (PU)/shell (PAN) on the performance of coaxial electrostatic spun nanofiber membranes, but also provides a new insight into the coaxial electrostatic spinning process.
Verification studies of tryptophan and kynurenine determination using HPLC and evaluation of the kynurenine pathway and neopterin levels in human colostrum samples
Authors: Girgin Gozde , Sanajou Sonia , Meric‐Deliveli Sinem , Baydar Terken
Published: November 2023

Colostrum, the first breast fluid produced by mammals after giving birth, is followed by breast milk, which serves as the sole source of nutrients for breastfed newborns and infants. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, plays a crucial role in the development and maturation of the central nervous system in infants. Tryptophan is primarily degraded through the kynurenine pathway. Owing to its sensitivity to dietary intake, immune‐mediated tryptophan degradation is assessed by the kynurenine‐to‐tryptophan ratio, with a focus on one of the rate‐limiting enzymes in the pathway. This study involved the validation of the simultaneous determination of tryptophan and kynurenine using HPLC. The validated method was then used to detect levels of tryptophan and kynurenine, as well as to calculate the kynurenine‐to‐tryptophan ratio in colostrum samples. Simultaneously, these results were compared with colostrum neopterin levels measured using commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. The mean levels for tryptophan, kynurenine, and neopterin were 17.3 ± 62.4 μM, 0.45 ± 0.03 μM, and 28.9 ± 2.6 nM, respectively. This study is among the few that have evaluated these parameters in colostrum samples. Neopterin levels secreted by the mammary gland were found not to be correlated with tryptophan degradation, a process influenced by the mother’s nutritional status.
Biochemical, Toxicological, and in Silico Aspects of Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D.Don (Trilliaceae): A Rich Source of Natural Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Khan Kashif Maqbool , Nadeem Muhammad Faisal , Mannan Abdul , Chohan Tahir Ali , Islam Muhammad , Ansari Siddique Akber , Alkahtani Hamad M. , Ansari Irfan Aamer , Khurshid Umair , Abidin Syafiq Asnawi Zainal , Shah Syed Adnan Ali , Saleem Hammad
Published: November 2023

Trillium govanianum is a high‐value medicinal herb, having multifunctional traditional and culinary uses. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical, biological and toxicological parameters of the T. govanianum Wall. ex D. Don (Family: Trilliaceae) roots collected from Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Phytochemical profiling was achieved by determining total bioactive contents (total phenolic and flavonoid contents) and UHPLC‐MS analysis. For biological evaluation, antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelation assays) and enzyme inhibition activities (against AChE, BChE, glucosidase, amylase, and tyrosinase) were performed. Moreover, cytotoxicity was assessed against three human carcinoma cell lines (MDA‐MB‐231, CaSki, and DU‐145). The tested extract was found to contain higher total phenolics (7.56 mg GAE/g dry extract) as compared to flavonoid contents (0.45 mg RE/g dry extract). Likewise, for the antioxidant activity, higher CUPRAC activity was noted with 39.84 mg TE/g dry extract values. In the case of enzyme assays, higher activity was pointed out against the cholinesterase, glucosidase and tyrosinase enzymes. The plant extract displayed significant cytotoxicity against the cell lines examined. Moreover, the in‐silico studies highlighted the interaction between the important phytochemicals and tested enzymes. To conclude, the assessed biological activity and the existence of bioactive phytochemicals in the studied plant extract may pave the way for the development of novel pharmaceuticals.
Progress of Copper‐based Nanocatalysts in Advanced Oxidation Degraded Organic Pollutants
Authors: Li Xuanhao , You Junhua , Li Jingjing , Wang Zhiwei , Zhao Yao , Xu Jingsheng , Duan Mingyi , Zhang Hangzhou
Published: November 2023

To address global pollution caused by contaminants in water bodies, it is crucial to develop an efficient and environmentally friendly treatment process for wastewater from various industries. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have proven to be highly effective in wastewater treatment due to their high oxidation efficacy and the absence of secondary pollutants. Different methods such as ozone, Fenton, electrochemical, photolysis, and sonolysis can be used in AOPs to degrade emerging pollutants that are resistant to conventional methods.

In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a viable solution, with various nanomaterials being developed for wastewater treatment. Among them, copper‐based nanocatalysts have shown great potential in AOPs. This review focuses on the progress and mechanisms of copper‐based nanocatalysts in wastewater treatment via AOPs. It also discusses the challenges associated with oxidation, electrochemistry, Fenton, and photocatalysis in wastewater treatment processes.

Copper‐based nanocatalysts can be modified to enhance their catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability, leading to improved performance in wastewater treatment. They have shown promising results in degrading pollutants like pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and dyes. However, the practical application of these nanocatalysts still faces challenges, including the high cost of synthesis, potential nanoparticle toxicity, and scalability issues. More research is needed to address these challenges and improve the utilization of copper‐based nanocatalysts in wastewater treatment.

In addition, Cu‐based catalysts with magnetic properties offer the advantage of easy recovery and reusability in wastewater treatment. They can also be incorporated into catalytic membranes, forming efficient systems for recycling. Heterogeneous catalysts with diverse structures, including ternary or quaternary systems, are widely used. However, challenges remain in identifying suitable coupling pairs and understanding the complex processes involved in constructing heterogeneous interfaces without generating defects. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the catalyst‘s band structure is crucial for developing efficient heterogeneous structures.

Furthermore, cost implications of synthesis methods and raw materials should be considered in the preparation of transition metal catalysts, and relevant cost analysis data is needed for optimizing the degradation of pollutants.

In conclusion, copper‐based nanocatalysts hold great potential in AOPs for wastewater treatment. With their magnetic properties, Cu‐based catalysts offer the advantage of easy recovery and reusability. However, challenges such as high synthesis costs, nanoparticle toxicity, and scalability issues need to be addressed. Further research is needed to overcome these challenges and optimize the utilization of copper‐based nanocatalysts in wastewater treatment processes.
Stereoselective Double Functionalization of Geminated C(sp3)‐Organodimetallic Linchpins
Authors: Banchini Federico , Leroux Baptiste , Le Gall Erwan , Presset Marc , Jackowski Olivier , Chemla Fabrice , Perez‐Luna Alejandro
Published: November 2023

Geminated C(sp3)‐organodimetallics can serve as dinucleophilic linchpins for the rapid assembly of complex molecular structures through two consecutive electrophilic substitution reactions with two different electrophiles. Implementation of these double functionalization sequences in a stereoselective manner to develop tools for asymmetric synthesis has attracted considerable interest from the synthetic community over the last decade. The focus has been put mostly on 1,1‐bimetallic reagents containing boron, zinc or zirconium, and different strategies have been applied for such a purpose, including the diastereoselective transformation of enantioenriched chiral reagents or the enantioselective conversion of achiral or racemic derivatives. Asymmetric catalysis is at stake in most of the approaches developed. In this review article, we highlight the key advances in the development of 1,1‐bimetallic linchpins as tools for asymmetric synthesis, emphasizing the underlying general concepts.
Bisurea‐Based Supramolecular Polymers for Tunable Biomaterials
Authors: Vleugels Marle E. J. , Bosman Rik , da Camino Soligo Piers H. , Wijker Stefan , Fehér Bence , Spiering A. J. H. , Rijns Laura , Bellan Riccardo , Dankers Patricia Y. W. , Palmans Anja R. A.
Published: November 2023

Water‐soluble supramolecular polymers show great potential to develop dynamic biomaterials with tailored properties. Here, we elucidate the morphology, stability and dynamicity of supramolecular polymers derived from bisurea‐based monomers. An accessible synthetic approach from 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate (TDI) as the starting material is developed. TDI has two isocyanates that differ in intrinsic reactivity, which allows to obtain functional, desymmetrized monomers in a one‐step procedure. We explore how the hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio affects the properties of the formed supramolecular polymers by increasing the number of methylene units from 10 to 12 keeping the hydrophilic hexa(ethylene glycol) constant. All bisurea‐based monomers form long, fibrous structures with 3–5 monomers in the cross‐section in water, indicating a proper hydrophobic\hydrophilic balance. The stability of the supramolecular polymers increases with an increasing amount of methylene units, whereas the dynamic nature of the monomers decreases. The introduction of one Cy3 dye affords modified supramolecular monomers, which co‐assemble with the unmodified monomers into fibrous structures. All systems show excellent water‐compatibility and no toxicity for different cell‐lines. Importantly, in cell culture media, the fibrous structures remain present, highlighting the stability of these supramolecular polymers in physiological conditions. The results obtained here motivate further investigation of these bisurea‐based building blocks as dynamic biomaterial.
Dynamic Configuration on a Chiral‐at‐Rhodium Catalyst Featuring a Flexible Tetradentate Ligand
Authors: Tejero Alvaro G. , Castillo Javier , Viguri Fernando , Carmona Daniel , Passarelli Vincenzo , Lahoz Fernando J. , García‐Orduña Pilar , Rodríguez Ricardo
Published: November 2023

The unique dynamic configuration of an enantioselective chiral‐at‐metal catalyst based on Rh(III) and a non‐chiral tetradentate ligand is described and resolved. At room temperature, the catalyst undergoes a dynamic configuration process leading to the formation of two interconvertible metal‐stereoisomers, remarkably without racemization. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that this metal‐isomerization proceeds via a concerted transition state, which features a trigonal bipyramidal geometry stabilized by the tetradentate ligand. Furthermore, the resolved enantiopure complex shows high catalytic enantioinduction in the Friedel‐Crafts reaction, achieving enantiomeric ratios as high as 99 : 1.
Exploring the Capability of Framework Materials to Improve Cathodes’ Performance for High‐energy Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Konar Rajashree , Maiti Sandipan , Markovsky Boris , Sclar Hadar , Aurbach Doron
Published: November 2023

Lithiated transition metal oxides are the most important cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. Many efforts have been devoted in recent years to improving their energy density, stability, and safety, as demonstrated by thousands of publications. However, the commercialization of several promising materials is limited due to obstacles like stability limitations. To overcome the limitations of energetically high‐voltage or high‐capacity cathode materials, unconventional solutions for their surface engineering were suggested; among them, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and zeolites have been employed. MOFs possess favorable characteristics for stabilization goals, including manageable structures, topological control, high porosity, large surface area, and low density. This review article explores promising strategies for improving the electrochemical behavior of favorable cathode materials through surface modifications by using MOFs and zeolites. Investigating the potential of this frameworks‐based surface engineering for high energy density batteries’ electrodes is essential for optimal control of their surface chemistry. It may be highly effective to upgrade the performance of high‐energy cathode materials, thus extending the practical use of very high energy density rechargeable batteries.
Al2O3‐Stabilized Pt Nanozymes: Peroxidase Mimetics and Application in Glucose Detection
Authors: Ma Yawen , Yi Siwen , Gao Chuhan , Yang Man , Feng Dan , Ren Yujing , Ge Huibin
Published: November 2023

As promising alternatives for natural enzymes, much attention has been paid to nanozymes. And our recent study showed that the medium acid sites on the support are the active sites for the adsorption and oxidation of the substrate. Thus, in this work, due to the abundance of medium acid sites, Al2O3 was chosen as the support to prepare Pt/Al2O3 nanozymes. Through the Pt/Al2O3 samples, we further proved that the distribution of the Pt clusters and the amount of the medium acid sites can significantly influence the peroxidase‐like activity. Then the Pt/Al2O3 sample was used for the detection of glucose. And as low as 0.96 μM glucose could be detected with a linear range from 5–60 μM via our method. This work showed the great potential applications of the easily prepared Pt/Al2O3 samples in varieties of simple, robust, and easy‐to‐make analytical approaches in the future.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Using Copper‐Coordinated Perylene Diimide Nanorod Assemblies
Authors: Lee Sukjun , Ju Jeewon , Keum Changjoon , Bang Jieun , Lee Hyesung , Vikneshvaran Sekar , Yoo Hyeri , Park JaeHong , Lee Sang‐Yup
Published: November 2023

A crystalline supramolecular photocatalyst is prepared through metal‐induced self‐assembly of perylene diimide with imidazole groups at the imide position (PDI‐Hm). Exploiting the metal‐coordination ability of imidazole, a crystalline assembly of copper‐coordinated PDI‐Hm (CuPDI‐Hm) in a nanorod shape is prepared which displays an outstanding photocatalytic oxygen evolution rate of 25,900 μmol g−1 h−1 without additional co‐catalysts. The imidazole‐copper coordination, along with π–π stacking of PDI frameworks, guides the arrangement of PDI‐Hm molecules to form highly crystalline assemblies. The coordination of copper also modulates the size of the CuPDI‐Hm supramolecular assembly by regulating the nucleation and growth processes. Furthermore, the imidazole‐copper coordination constructs the electric field within the PDI‐Hm assembly, hindering the recombination of photo‐induced charges to enhance the photoelectric/photocatalytic activity when compared to Cu‐free PDI‐Hm assemblies. Small CuPDI‐Hm assembly exhibits higher photocatalytic activity due to their larger surface area and reduced light scattering. Together, the Cu‐imidazole coordination presents a facile way for fabricating size‐controlled crystalline PDI assemblies with built‐in electric field enhancing photoelectric and photocatalytic activities substantially.
Alkylation of Toluene to Mono‐benzylated Toluene over Micro‐mesoporous Zeolite: Effect of Post‐synthetic Treatment and Catalytic Application
Authors: Koshti Hardik , Bandyopadhyay Mahuya , Kumar Mukesh , Tsunoji Nao , Bandyopadhyay Rajib
Published: November 2023

Post‐synthetic modification using acid (HNO3) and base (NaOH) are utilised to synthesize hierarchical micro‐mesoporous zeolites with different pore structure. To investigate structural change in materials, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Inductive coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES), 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR, and N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherms techniques were employed. Acid base titration, and ammonia‐temperature programmed desorption (NH3‐TPD) was performed to evaluate acidic characteristics of materials. As revealed by characterisation, the structure was well preserved after the modification. Hierarchical materials along with parent materials have been evaluated in the toluene alkylation with benzyl alcohol producing mono‐benzylated toluene. All zeolite samples were proved to be catalytically active by their result in the alkylation reaction. Acid treated samples were compared with base treated and parent samples. The results indicate that, base modification significantly increases the mesoporous pore volume in all zeolite as compared to acid modification. Moreover, the highest benzyl alcohol conversion was found to be 98 % in the base modified Beta, with the highest mono‐benzylated toluene selectivity (69 %). Reaction optimization was also studied by altering reaction duration, temperature, and catalyst amount. The reaction products were analysed using Gas Chromatography (GC) and confirmed using Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS).
Stereoselective β‐Arylation of Enol Ethers by a Pd‐Catalyzed Fujiwara‐Moritani Coupling of α‐Oxyacrylates
Authors: Traboulsi Iman , Hachem Mahmoud , Schneider Cédric , Hoarau Christophe
Published: November 2023

Herein, Pd(II)‐catalyzed dehydrogenative Heck coupling of 2‐oxyacrylates with arenes for the stereocontrolled production of (Z)‐β‐arylated vinyl ethers is reported. This methodology offers a straightforward and step‐economical route to the synthesis of attractive β‐arylated α‐oxy α,β‐unsaturated carboxylates family which emerged as a relevant class of building blocks with different applications.
Myelin repair of spinal cord injury in adult mice induced by treadmill training upregulated peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha
Authors: Su Hong , Luo Haodong , Wang Yunhang , Zhao Qin , Zhang Qing , Zhu Ying , Pan Lu , Liu Yuan , Yang Ce , Yin Ying , Tan Botao
Published: November 2023

Growing evidence has proven the efficacy of physical exercise in remyelination and motor function performance after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the molecular mechanisms of treadmill training on myelin repair and functional recovery after SCI have not yet been fully studied. Here, we explored the effect of treadmill training on upregulating peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α)‐mediated myelin repair and functional recovery in a mouse model of thoracic T10 contusion injury. A 4‐week treadmill training scheme was conducted on mice with SCI. The expression levels of oligodendrogenesis‐related protein and PGC1α were detected by immunofluorescence, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization and western blotting. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe myelin structure. The Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) and CatWalk automated gait analysis system were used for motor function recovery evaluation. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were also identified. In addition, adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐mediated PGC1α knockdown in OLs was used to further unravel the role of PGC1α in exercise‐induced remyelination. We found that treadmill training boosts oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) proliferation, potentiates oligodendrocytes (OLs) maturation, and increases myelin‐related protein and myelin sheath thickness, thus impelling myelin repair and hindlimb functional performance as well as the speed and amplitude of nerve conduction after SCI. Additionally, downregulating PGC1α through AAV attenuated these positive effects of treadmill training. Collectively, our results suggest that treadmill training enhances remyelination and functional recovery by upregulating PGC1α, which should provide a step forward in the understanding of the effects of physical exercise on myelin repair.
Epileptic activity triggers rapid ROCK1‐dependent astrocyte morphology changes
Authors: Anders Stefanie , Breithausen Björn , Unichenko Petr , Herde Michel K. , Minge Daniel , Abramian Adlin , Behringer Charlotte , Deshpande Tushar , Boehlen Anne , Domingos Cátia , Henning Lukas , Pitsch Julika , Kim Young‐Bum , Bedner Peter , Steinhäuser Christian , Henneberger Christian
Published: November 2023

Long‐term modifications of astrocyte function and morphology are well known to occur in epilepsy. They are implicated in the development and manifestation of the disease, but the relevant mechanisms and their pathophysiological role are not firmly established. For instance, it is unclear how quickly the onset of epileptic activity triggers astrocyte morphology changes and what the relevant molecular signals are. We therefore used two‐photon excitation fluorescence microscopy to monitor astrocyte morphology in parallel to the induction of epileptiform activity. We uncovered astrocyte morphology changes within 10–20 min under various experimental conditions in acute hippocampal slices. In vivo, induction of status epilepticus resulted in similarly altered astrocyte morphology within 30 min. Further analysis in vitro revealed a persistent volume reduction of peripheral astrocyte processes triggered by induction of epileptiform activity. In addition, an impaired diffusion within astrocytes and within the astrocyte network was observed, which most likely is a direct consequence of the astrocyte remodeling. These astrocyte morphology changes were prevented by inhibition of the Rho GTPase RhoA and of the Rho‐associated kinase (ROCK). Selective deletion of ROCK1 but not ROCK2 from astrocytes also prevented the morphology change after induction of epileptiform activity and reduced epileptiform activity. Together these observations reveal that epileptic activity triggers a rapid ROCK1‐dependent astrocyte morphology change, which is mechanistically linked to the strength of epileptiform activity. This suggests that astrocytic ROCK1 signaling is a maladaptive response of astrocytes to the onset of epileptic activity.
Detection of the interactions of tumour derived extracellular vesicles with immune cells is dependent on EV‐labelling methods
Authors: Loconte Luisa , Arguedas Davinia , El Rojbin , Zhou Alix , Chipont Anna , Guyonnet Lea , Guerin Coralie , Piovesana Ester , Vázquez‐Ibar José Luis , Joliot Alain , Théry Clotilde , Martín‐Jaular Lorena
Published: November 2023

Cell‐cell communication within the complex tumour microenvironment is critical to cancer progression. Tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (TD‐EVs) are key players in this process. They can interact with immune cells and modulate their activity, either suppressing or activating the immune system. Deciphering the interactions between TD‐EVs and immune cells is essential to understand immune modulation by cancer cells. Fluorescent labelling of TD‐EVs is a method of choice to study such interaction. This work aims to determine the impact of EV labelling methods on the detection by imaging flow cytometry and multicolour spectral flow cytometry of EV interaction and capture by the different immune cell types within human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs). EVs released by the triple‐negative breast carcinoma cell line MDA‐MB‐231 were labelled either with the lipophilic dye MemGlow‐488 (MG‐488), Carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFDA‐SE) or through ectopic expression of a MyrPalm‐superFolderGFP reporter (mp‐sfGFP), which incorporates into EVs during their biogenesis. Our results show that these labelling strategies, although analysed with the same techniques, led to diverging results. While MG‐488‐labelled EVs incorporate in all cell types, CFSE‐labelled EVs are restricted to a minor subset of cells and mp‐sfGFP‐labelled EVs are mainly detected in CD14+ monocytes which are the main uptakers of EVs and other particles, regardless of the labelling method. Furthermore, our results show that the method used for EV labelling influences the detection of the different types of EV interactions with the recipient cells. Specifically, MG‐488, CFSE and mp‐sfGFP result in observation suggesting, respectively, transient EV‐PM interaction that results in dye transfer, EV content delivery, and capture of intact EVs. Consequently, the type of EV labelling method has to be considered as they can provide complementary information on various types of EV‐cell interaction and EV fate.
Cardiomyocyte intercellular signalling increases oxidative stress and reprograms the global‐ and phospho‐proteome of cardiac fibroblasts
Authors: Claridge Bethany , Rai Alin , Lees Jarmon G. , Fang Haoyun , Lim Shiang Y. , Greening David W.
Published: November 2023

Pathological reprogramming of cardiomyocyte and fibroblast proteome landscapes drive the initiation and progression of cardiac fibrosis. Although the secretome of dysfunctional cardiomyocytes is emerging as an important driver of pathological fibroblast reprogramming, our understanding of the downstream molecular players remains limited. Here, we show that cardiac fibroblast activation (αSMA+) and oxidative stress mediated by the secretome of TGFβ‐stimulated cardiomyocytes is associated with a profound reprogramming of their proteome and phosphoproteome landscape. Within the fibroblast global proteome there was a striking dysregulation of proteins implicated in extracellular matrix, protein localisation/metabolism, KEAP1‐NFE2L2 pathway, lysosomes, carbohydrate metabolism, and transcriptional regulation. Kinase substrate enrichment analysis of phosphopeptides revealed potential role of kinases (CK2, CDK2, PKC, GSK3B) during this remodelling. We verified upregulated activity of casein kinase 2 (CK2) in secretome‐treated fibroblasts, and pharmacological CK2 inhibitor TBB (4,5,6,7‐Tetrabromobenzotriazole) significantly abrogated fibroblast activation and oxidative stress. Our data provides molecular insights into cardiomyocyte to cardiac fibroblast crosstalk, and the potential role of CK2 in regulating cardiac fibroblast activation and oxidative stress.