bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rural Residence Is Associated With a Delayed Trend Away From Sulfonylurea Use for Treatment Intensification of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Nagy Danielle K. , Bresee Lauren C. , Eurich Dean T. , Simpson Scot H.
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE

To examine the intersection between location of residence along the rural–urban continuum (metropolitan, urban, and rural) and sulfonylurea dispensation records for the management of type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This retrospective cohort study used administrative health records of adult new metformin users between April 2008 and March 2019 in Alberta, Canada. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the association between sulfonylurea-based treatment intensification and location of residence.

RESULTS

Treatment was intensified in 66,084 (38%) of 171,759 new metformin users after a mean of 1.5 years. At treatment intensification, mean age was 55 years, 62% of users were male, and 27% were rural residents. The most common antihyperglycemic drug, given to 30,297 people (46%) for treatment intensification, was a sulfonylurea. At the beginning of our observation period, the proportion of people dispensed a sulfonylurea at first treatment intensification was highest in rural (57%), compared with urban (54%) and metropolitan (52%) areas (P = 0.009). Although proportions decreased over time across the province, rural residents continued to constitute the highest proportion of sulfonylurea users (45%), compared with urban (35%) and metropolitan (37%) residents (P < 0.001), and the trend away from sulfonylurea use was delayed by ∼4 years for rural residents. Adjusting for potential sources of confounding, rural residence was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of using a sulfonylurea compared with metropolitan residence (adjusted odds ratio 1.34; 95% CI 1.29–1.39).

CONCLUSIONS

Variation in sulfonylurea dispensation across the rural–urban continuum provides a basis for continued research in the differences in process of care by location.
Incidence, Severity, and Presentation of Type 2 Diabetes in Youth During the First and Second Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sasidharan Pillai Sabitha , Has Phinnara , Quintos Jose Bernardo , Serrano Gonzalez Monica , Kasper Vania L. , Topor Lisa Swartz , Fredette Meghan E.
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE

To describe the evolving impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the incidence and presentation of new-onset pediatric type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Retrospective medical record review of youth with new-onset type 2 diabetes comparing the prepandemic period (1 January 2017–29 February 2020) with the first (1 March 2020–31 December 2020) and second pandemic year (1 January 2021–31 December 2021).

RESULTS

The annualized incidence of type 2 diabetes increased nearly threefold during the pandemic versus prior, with a 61% increase in the 2nd versus 1st year. BMI increased during the pandemic versus prior (129% of 95th percentile vs. 141%, P = 0.02). In the 1st year, patients were younger (12.9 years vs. 14.8, P < 0.001), with higher incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis and/or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (20% vs. 3.5%, P = 0.02) versus prior.

CONCLUSIONS

Providers should be aware of the escalating incidence of youth-onset type 2 diabetes to avoid delays in diagnosis and inform educational programs to combat the continued impact of the pandemic on health outcomes.
Trends in the Prevalence and Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema and Vision-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy Among Commercially Insured Adults Aged <65 Years
Authors: Lundeen Elizabeth A. , Kim Minchul , Rein David B. , Wittenborn John S. , Saaddine Jinan , Ehrlich Joshua R. , Holliday Christopher S.
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE

Examine the 10-year trend in the prevalence and treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) among commercially insured adults with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We analyzed the 10-year trend (2009–2018) in health care claims for adults aged 18–64 years using the IBM MarketScan Database, a national convenience sample of employer-sponsored health insurance. We included patients continuously enrolled in commercial fee-for-service health insurance for 24 months who had a diabetes ICD-9/10-CM code on one or more inpatient or two or more different-day outpatient claims in the index year or previous calendar year. We used diagnosis and procedure codes to calculate the annual prevalence of patients with one or more claims for 1) any DME, 2) either DME or VTDR, and 3) antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections and laser photocoagulation treatment, stratified by any DME, VTDR with DME, and VTDR without DME. We calculated the average annual percent change (AAPC).

RESULTS

From 2009 to 2018, there was an increase in the annual prevalence of patients with DME or VTDR (2.1% to 3.4%; AAPC 7.5%; P < 0.001) and any DME (0.7% to 2.6%; AAPC 19.8%; P < 0.001). There were sex differences in the annual prevalence of DME or VTDR and any DME, with men having a higher prevalence than women. Annual claims for anti-VEGF injections increased among patients with any DME (327%) and VTDR with DME (206%); laser photocoagulation decreased among patients with any DME (−68%), VTDR with DME (−54%), and VTDR without DME (−62%).

CONCLUSIONS

Annual claims for DME or VTDR and anti-VEGF injections increased whereas those for laser photocoagulation decreased among commercially insured adults with diabetes.
Estudio dinámico de adsorción de Ni (II) sobre residuos de Musa aab simmonds
Authors: Tejada Tovar Candelaria Nahir , Ruiz Paternina Érika , Villabona Ortíz Angel , Frías González Jesús David , Blanco García Gerlyn
Published: January 2023

Se estudió la dinámica de adsorción de Ni (II) a partir de la torta residual del proceso de extracción de almidón de plátano en columna de lecho fijo variando la temperatura y altura de lecho. La biomasa se caracterizó por análisis elemental y FTIR. La concentración final del ion en solución se determinó por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. Se encontró que los grupos funcionales hidroxilos y carboxilos son los de mayor protagonismo en la retención del ion. Del análisis ANOVA se determinó que las variables estudiadas en la remoción del Ni (II) no presentan efectos significativos sobre el mismo. De la curva de ruptura se encontró que la capacidad de adsorción máxima de la columna fue de 18.72 mg/g. El modelo de Dosis de Respuesta es el que mejor describe el proceso de adsorción, concluyendo que la torta residual utilizada es una alternativa de bajo costo muy eficiente en la remoción de Ni (II) a condiciones ambientales.
Universidade no Brasil: a Idéia e a Prática
Authors: Leite Denise , Morosini Marilia
Published: January 2023

Vinte e cinco anos após a Reforma Universitária que propunha o desenvolvimento de um conceito "moderno" de universidade, argüimos a existência desta idéia diante da diversidade do sistema de ensino superior brasileiro. Com o apoio de Anísio Teixeira e Habermas confrontamos a idéia de universidade por eles proposta com a realidade concreta—a sua prática. Nacrise panadigmática contemporânea e, diante da constatação da dissonância entre a idéia e a prática, propomos um repensar da universidade em termos do que foi e do que é a sua idéia no contexto social.

Abstract

Twenty five years after the University Reform which normatize the development of a "modern " concept of University, we request the existence of this idea ahead brazilian higher education system variety. With support in Anísio Teixeira and Habermas we confront his idea of University with the concrete reality — it's practice. In a contemporaneous paradigmatic crisis and, ahead the dissonance verify between the idea and practice, wepropose a rethinking of the University in terms of what it was and what is it 's idea in the social context.

Résumé

Vingt-cinq ans après Ia Reforme Universitaire qui proposait là mise au point d 'une conception "moderne " d 'Université, nous remettons en question cette idéeface à là diversité du système brésilien de Véducation supérieure. En nous appuyant sur Anísio Teixeira et Habermas, nous confrontons leur idée d'université avec Ia réalité concrete. Dans là crise paradigmatique contemporaine, et face à Ia constatacion de Ia dissonance entre Vidée et là pratique, nous proposons de repenser l 'Université en fonction de ce qu 'a été et de ce qu 'est Vidée d'Université, dans le contexte de là société.

Resumen

Veinte cinco anos despues de là Reforma Universitána que propicio el desarrollo de un concepto "moderno " de Universidad, discutimos là existência de esta idea frente a là diversidad del sistema de ensenanza superior brasileno. Apoyandonos en Anísio Teixeira y Habermas confrontamos là idea de Universidad propuesta por ellos con Io que pasa en la práctica. En là crisis paradigmática contemporânea, frente a Ia constatación de là dissonância entre Ia idea y Ia práctica, proponemos repensar là Universidad en términos de Io que fue y de Io que es su idea en el contexto social.
Profesores de Educación: perfiles y prácticas profesionales
Authors: Vicente María
Published: January 2023

En el marco de los cambios ocurridos en el campo profesional de las Ciencias de la Educación, el presente artículo es un trabajo de investigación cuyo objetivo es reconstruir los perfiles de los egresados en relación con: la edad, el género, la formación, la constitución familiar, el trabajo y los lugares de residencia. Para ello, se utilizan tres fuentes de datos, 730 legajos de los egresados, un cuestionario aplicado a una muestra de 92 egresados y censos o anuarios estadísticos que permiten contextualizar la unidad de análisis.  Las características del perfil sociodemográfico de los egresados en Ciencias de la Educación aportan datos para avanzar con futuras investigaciones en relación a las biografías y trayectorias laborales y educativas de los egresados.
Professional, service and service-combat activity of the National Police: essence and definition of concepts
Authors: Zavistovskyi O.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to research of the essence of the concepts of professional, service and service-combat activity of the National Police from the point of view of their definition in the current legislation and scientific literature, their interdependence and demarcation, including from the point of view of their definitions given in relation to the law enforcement activities of law enforcement forces and other units that perform military and law enforcement functions.

It is emphasized that the performance by police officers in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On the National Police" of both peacetime and military service tasks introduced in Ukraine during the martial law as part of their law enforcement activities necessitates a detailed study of these concepts. If there is a distinction in the relevant Law between the terms "service" and "professional", it is noted that there is no definition of their content

Сonsidering to the contextual search in the current legislation, it was clarified that the only definition of the concept of "service activity" is proposed in the subordinate legal act of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, which concerns the organization and service of military units of the National Guard of Ukraine. It is noted that such a definition, although it can be taken by analogy as a basis for defining police activity, nevertheless needs to be specified in terms of the functional demarcation of bodies and units of the MIA system of Ukraine.

The definition of the service and combat activity of the National Police is given in accordance with the specifics of its service activity, and the prospective direction of legal regulation and the need for scientific substantiation of the conditions and order of belonging of the National Police not only to the law enforcement forces, but also to the security forces during the martial law in accordance with the newly introduced Paragraph 34 of Art. 23 of the Law of Ukraine "On the National Police", which is tasked with combating subversion and intelligence forces of the aggressor and paramilitary or armed formations not provided for by the laws of Ukraine in cooperation with military and other law enforcement services, bodies and units.
Methods of legalization (laundering) of property obtained by criminal means in cyberspace
Authors: Dumchikov M.O.
Published: January 2023

The emergence and development of new financial and information technologies, the integration of national economic systems into the world economy, the expansion of economic ties both at the level of a separate state and at the supranational level significantly facilitate and even ensure the communication of criminals not only on the territory of a separate country, but also its limits. Technical innovations are undoubtedly changing the financial services industry, offering entirely new products aimed at making them easier to access, but new threats and vulnerabilities are emerging for the financial sector, such as cyber-attacks (internet fraud) or account manipulation.

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the significant amount of criminal investments penetrating the legal economy, the commission of new criminal offenses, the use of new ways of committing criminal offenses in cyberspace, the involvement of an increasing number of people in criminal activities, the corruption of state officials, including those called fight crime. Money laundering harms the economic security and financial stability of Ukraine. The international nature of this type of criminal offenses complicates the detection and investigation of crimes, thereby creating a "financial basis" for criminal groups (organizations) to carry out illegal, including terrorist, activities.

All efforts aimed at combating the legalization of proceeds of crime in cyberspace without creating an effective system to combat this phenomenon do not yield positive results. Therefore, combating the legalization of proceeds obtained through crime requires the study of the origin and ways of spreading this socially dangerous phenomenon, as well as proper legal protection, in accordance with international standards.
Modern constitutionalism of Ukraine in the conditions of europeization of native law
Authors: Bielova M.V. , Byelov D.M.
Published: January 2023

The article states that Ukraine was and remains a component of the single European democratic space. Taking into account the sad lessons of the past, we will follow the path of broad public dialogue and legitimate decisions. The further constitutional transit of Ukraine will be connected only with strengthening of representative democracy and strengthening of local selfgovernment, guarantees of protection of human rights and freedoms. Thus, today, Ukraine is experiencing an era of global and rapid changes that are transforming the foundations of social life and the usual paradigms of constitutional thinking (we are not just talking about one or another change, but about such transformational processes that relate precisely to the level of the essential characteristics of the society that is passing through the stage constitutional transit).It is indicated that in the domestic science of constitutional law, the scientific-theoretical analysis of the paradigm of constitutionalism in the conditions of permanent constitutional transit, as a rule, extends only to elements of the contentof constitutionalism, individual institutional components of its system.Particular features of the constitutional transit in Ukraine and, as a consequence, the implementation of a new paradigm of constitutionalism in the conditions of the Europeanization of national law are highlighted. The author examines certain aspects of the terminological issues of constitutional transit as a condition for the Europeanization of domestic law. As a result of the research, the category «constitutional transit» as a condition of the Europeanization of modern Ukrainian law should be considered as a state of transition of the constitutionalism of the Ukrainian state, from one state to another, caused by theneed for convergence of national constitutional legislation with the law of the European Union. It is noted that such a state of transition, its passage is not a linear process, but can have a multi-vector nature of development. That is, constitutional transit can cover all types of transitional states of constitutionalism from the point of view of a significant change in their character: not only from authoritarianism to democracy, but, on the contrary, in accordance with national sociocultural and political features, values, of course, taking into account advanced scientific world achievements.
Review of court decisions: a theoretical and legal study of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Zaborovskyy V.V. , Manzyuk V.V. , Stoika А.
Published: January 2023

The study is devoted to clarifying the main theoretical-legal and practical issues that arise when a person exercises the right to appeal a court decision.

Issues such as the institution of appeals against court decisions, which are relevant for procedural law, are considered, such as the observance of reasonable proportionality between the right of a person to access the courts of higher instances and the observance of legal certainty in the state.

As a result of the study, the legal nature of the institution of appeal against a court decision that has not entered into force, as well as one that has entered into force, is revealed. The latter is defined as an extraordinary form of judicial protection, its main features are analyzed.

To ensure the reliability and completeness of the obtained results, a complex of general scientific and special methods was applied, the complex use of which ensured the achievement of the goals and objectives of the research, as well as the persuasiveness of the formulated conclusions. In particular, the dialectical method was used to study the legal nature of the right to appeal court decisions and private disputes. Methods of analysis and synthesis were used in the formulation of basic concepts, such as "appeal", "cassation review", "procedural filters", etc. The empirical basis of the research was made up of the materials of the judicial practice of the European Court of Human Rights, in particular, both modern legal positions of the international jurisdictional body and key cases were used.

It was concluded that although access to the court of appeal is subject to indirect restrictions, access to the court of cassation is subject to so-called cassation filters. Such a definition is related both to the role of the cassation instance as a higher court and its definition as a "court of law", and to revised decisions that have entered into force and that shake the already defined legal position of the parties. Nevertheless, strict cassation filters cannot help against the influx of cassation appeals for those states whose citizens have a low level of trust in the courts of first instance.
International legal standards as a methodological basis for the creation and improvement of national law enforcement systems
Authors: Havrylenko V.V.
Published: January 2023

Having declared a firm and irreversible course for European integration, Ukraine continues to increase the pace of bringing its national law enforcement system to modern world and European standards, which is, in turn, a positive and very important indicator of the state's development in a democratic direction. The main guidelines in this process, in addition to national, historical and legal traditions, should be international legal standards that allow building Ukrainian statehood and its legal system openly and transparently in interaction with foreign and international law, by borrowing and using modern progressive foreign legal concepts , doctrines, ideas, generally recognized international principles, norms, standards.

The implementation of international legal standards into the Ukrainian national law enforcement system began immediately after the declaration of Ukraine's independence and continued for thirty years, but it is now necessary to accelerate this process by means of a constant and scrupulous search in international legal sources, which become more and more every year more and more, new democratic directions of the functioning of judicial and law enforcement bodies, the latest forms and means of guaranteeing and protecting human rights, freedoms and legitimate interests.

In addition to the analysis of the sources of international law, it is necessary to follow the scientific work of well-known foreign and domestic specialists, who in their works can offer modern and effective methods and techniques of borrowing international legal standards in the activities of national law enforcement agencies. This is also a significant way and method of solving the main issue of bringing the Ukrainian law enforcement system up to modern world and European standards. However, there cannot be an ill-conceived and simple mechanical transfer of an international standard or foreign experience of their implementation into national law enforcement systems, since our state is an original country with its own history, culture, mentality, its own way of developing law and legal system, which combine general civilizational and specific , trends peculiar only to Ukraine.

In this regard, there is an urgent need to analyze the existing domestic and foreign developments regarding the borrowing of international legal standards as a methodological basis for the creation and improvement of the national law enforcement system, the development of acceptable for Ukraine procedures and mechanisms for the implementation of positive elements of the organization and activity of law enforcement agencies, which determines the need to conduct relevant scientific research.
International protection of older persons during armed conflicts
Authors: Predybailo A.I.
Published: January 2023

In the article is was analyzed the provisions of international humanitarian law (Convention (IV) relative to the protection of civilian persons in time of war  (1949), Commentary on the Convention (1958) etc.) regarding the protection of the older people It is noted that international humanitarian law provides protection to the older people as members of the civilian population, because it is not based on categories of persons and protects all persons who do not take part in hostilities. It is indicated that the provisions of the Convention (IV) relative to the protection of civilian persons in time of war (1949) contain norms that directly affect the older people, in particular, regarding the creation of sanitary and safe zones and areas that make it possible to protect the older people from the consequences of the war; conclusion of local agreements on evacuation from besieged or surrounded areas, including the older people. Emphasis is placed on the question of determining the specific age of the older people, and it is noted that in the commentary to the Fourth Convention, the Conference refrained from defining a specific age, preferring to leave this issue to the discretion of governments. Attention is paid to the issue of violations of the rights of the older people during armed conflicts (pushing elderly people who could not run back into burning houses; cruel treatment during departure or in camps for displaced persons; problems with registration and receiving humanitarian aid; execution of older people etc.). It is noted that older people who have become victims of armed conflicts in many parts of the world face serious problems and obstacles. Factors affecting the vulnerability of older people during armed conflicts are outlined (being in war zones due to the inability to evacuate or protect family property; limited mobility; isolation; loss of contact with family etc.). Attention is focused on the problems in this area. Appropriate conclusions are drawn.
INTEGRATION AND IMMIGRATION: AN ISSUE OF SOCIAL DYNAMISM AND CONSEQUENCES OF PUBLIC DEVELOPMENT AID POLICIES
Authors: MUNGALA Junior Misi
Published: January 2023

Official development assistance has shown its limits in the face of persistent poverty on the African continent. Some think that the development aid policies adopted, better still, led by the West are incompatible with African culture. Others, on the other hand, believe that official development assistance fuels Africa's dependence on the West and therefore promotes its continued underdevelopment. Indeed, it is obvious that aid policies maintain an asymmetrical relationship between the two partners. However, although the Western model of development is opposed to the African socio-political archaeology, it is no less true that Africa is capable of experiencing cultural changes. This study proposes to explore two paths deemed to be able to make Africa flourish. It is first of all the integration of Africa into the West through the process of immigration in order to allow this continent to redefine its culture and thus forge a new way of perceiving Western science. Secondly, the highlighting of immigration issues in the equation between the North and the South of the Mediterranean is a game-changer in the cooperation relationship between the West and Africa. A relationship of symmetry, of equals, is possible for both Africa and Europe.
BORDER LOCATION OF BURUNDIAN REFUGEE CAMPS IN EASTERN DRC: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: MSAMBYA Joseph Apolo
Published: January 2023

Since the beginning in March 2015 of the political crisis that shook Burundi, with the focus on the re-election of President Pierre Nkurunziza to a third term deemed unconstitutional by the opposition, the UNHCR had estimated that 14,300 Burundians had entered Congolese territory as political refugees. They arrived in the region fleeing the killings and abuses allegedly committed by the Imbonerakure militia, presumed to belong to the party in power in Burundi. As a result, a refugee camp was established in Lusenda to accommodate Burundian refugees, and a second one in Mulongwe after the first one was saturated and exceeded the expected number of refugees, reaching over 40,000. These two Burundian refugee camps are located in villages with the same names, less than fifteen kilometers from Lake Tanganyika, the baseline of the DRC's eastern border with the Republic of Burundi. According to our analysis, these sites do not offer the best conditions for refugee camps for reasons that we will outline in the following lines. Our analysis in this article is to alert to the great danger that threatens the DRC because of its hospitality by repeating for the second time the mistake of placing refugee camps on its borders.
ENGAGEMENT IN THE PKK AND “IDENTITY WORK” OF THREE GENERATIONS OF COMBATANTS
Authors: GUIBET LAFAYE Caroline
Published: January 2023

People typically have multiple identities that vary in salience and pervasiveness. This identity results from a process of socialization and structures the individual behaviour. Identification with a group is the result of an alignment of personal and collective identities. In order to study this process of alignment, from a micro-sociological perspective, we conducted an empirical sociology survey among 63 activists of the Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan (PKK). In the light of the model developed by Snow and McAdam (2000) on identity work, we highlighted the prevalence, in terms of identity convergence, of identity research over identity appropriation, including in a holistic and so-called terrorist organization such as the PKK. We also emphasized the primacy of identity amplification in the processes of identity construction of these Kurdish combatants.
TROUBLED PASTS, RETROTOPIAS, AND WAR MOBILIZATIONS IN CONTEMPORARY EUROPE
Authors: IORGA Alina
Published: January 2023

After the horrific experiences of ex-Yugoslavia, the tragedy of Ukraine reveals the terrible consequences of the memory conflicts radicalization. Anticipated by a constant mnemonic war led by the Russia particularly against its Eastern neighbors, it proves what happens when memory wars turn into real wars. Since the end of Cold War, in the context of the re-nationalization of ideologies, the remythologization of national histories, and the reshaping of memory politics, the European memory games, as part of the struggle for recognition, have often became memory wars. This article provides some relevant insights about the political instrumentation of the restorative nostalgia/retrotopia in the (post-)Cold War illiberal memory games/wars, against the background of the growing crises connected to the rise of neo-nationalism.
THE BUCHAREST 9 FORMAT BETWEEN RATIONAL AMBITIOUS GOALS AND REAL INFLUENCE
Authors: VAIDA Ovidiu
Published: January 2023

The 2014 invasion of Crimea, plus the hard policies displayed by Russia in the East Europe produced concern in the region. Most of the states located there, even NATO members felt they need extra defence measures, more cooperation and more help from the alliance. One major step was the formation of the Bucharest Nine format, which, despite its rather informal feature, tried to increase security benefits of its members. The article aims to analyse in a holistic manner the formation, goals, achievements and future perspectives of the B9 format.
EUROPEAN INTELLIGENCE SERVICES ‟JUST SIGNED UP” ON SOCIAL MEDIA. AN ANALYSIS OF SECRET SERVICES AND SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS
Authors: LUȚAI Raluca
Published: January 2023

In the last decade a large number of public institutions, including intelligence services, make extensive use of social media to communicate with citizens. Much scholarly attention is paid to the benefits of online communication and the way governmental institutions presents themselves online. However, we know little about intelligence services and their presence on social media. This paper addresses this gap in literature and analyzes what kind of social networks European intelligence services prefer. The article is based on quantitative research of the social platforms used by the intelligence services of all 27 European Union Member States. The findings indicate that intelligence services are present in the social media environment to a different extent and the social platforms they choose to use are different.
THE IRANIAN MASSES AS A SOURCE OF SOCIAL CHANGE: THE REIGN OF MOHAMMAD MOSADDEGH
Authors: MITEV Vladimir
Published: January 2023

The crowd has played and continues to play a very important role in Iranian politics at critical moments . This article looks at its role in the mid 20th century, especially during the times of rule of Reza Shah (1925-1941) and Mohammad Mosaddegh (1951-1953). The article reviews European thought about the masses, with special emphasis on the ideas of Bulgaria-born Nobel Laureate in Literature Elias Canetti. Canetti believed that the crowd was not always irrational, evil forces, but sometimes played a positive historical role: when it demanded and enacted social change. It is exactly what happened during the times of Mosaddegh. A look at these times is made through excerpts from the Iranian novel Neighbors by Ahmad Mahmoud, through a look at the press of that time and Ervand Abrahamian’s historical writing.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ROSE EDUCATIONAL PROJECT. CASE STUDY: RED ROSE (2019-2022)
Authors: CHICINAȘ Nicoleta
Published: January 2023

On April 17, 2015, the Government of Romania and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) signed the Loan Agreement No 8481-RO on the implementation of the Romania Secondary Education Project (ROSE), in Washington. ROSE is a project financed from a loan of 200 million euros by (BIRD), which contributes to reducing the dropout in secondary and tertiary education and to increasing the rate of passing the baccalaureate exam. We intend, through this article, to evaluate the results of the project from the perspective of one of the sub-projects implemented by the Faculty of European Studies, within the Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, between 2019 and 2022.
The Challenge of Scientific Realism to Intelligent Design
Authors: Carman Christian
Published: January 2023

Intelligent Design (ID) argues for the existence of a designer, postulating it as a theoretical entity of a scientific theory aiming to explain specific characteristics in nature that seems to show design. It is commonly accepted within the Scientific Realism debate, however, that asserting that a scientific theory is successful is not enough for accepting the extramental existence of the entities it postulates. Instead, scientific theories must fulfill additional epistemic requirements, one of which is that they must show successful novel predictions. Evolutionists typically attack ID by offering cases of bad design, such as the inverted retina of vertebrates. ID defenders defend their position affirming that the inversion of the retina must be a detail of design for an as of yet unknown function. The recent discovery of such a function is celebrated by ID defenders as a triumph over evolutionists. The inverted retina case is a good candidate for a novel prediction in favor of ID. In this paper, I analyze whether this is the case.
Comparative philosophical analysis of the rational ethics of I. Kant and the spiritual and moral values of Confucianism
Authors: Kudaibergenova Nazgul , Amirkulova Zhamilya , Ospanov Tauyekel , Omirbekova Zhadyra , Kumganbayev Zhandos
Published: January 2023

Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the study of various philosophical concepts. One of the relevant topics is the mutual influence or antagonism of Eastern and Western teachings about ethics and morality. One of the insufficiently studied problems is the mutual influences of I. Kant’s ideas and Confucius’ teachings. The goal of the study is to analyse the rational ethics of I. Kant and the spiritual and moral values of Confucianism within the comparative philosophical perspective, to consider their common and distinctive features. The novelty of this study is an integrated approach and a detailed approach to the study of the outlined problems. In this study, the directions for further research were outlined, which deal with a deeper analysis of certain aspects of the teachings of I. Kant and Confucius. The materials and conclusions can be used for the preparation of various courses
Differences in career paths of alumni of the Cornell Leadership Program from North American universities compared with those alumni from universities in other countries
Authors: Fraser David R. , Parker John S. L. , McGregor Douglas D.
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE

To characterize and compare the careers of alumni of the Cornell Leadership Program for Veterinary Students according to the countries where they studied and obtained their veterinary qualification. The Cornell Leadership Program is a 10-week residential research experience program for veterinary students from around the world who have ambitions for research-related careers.

SAMPLE

Data on the career development of all 672 alumni were collected each year over the period of 1990 to 2019.

PROCEDURES

The annual career profile of each alumnus was recorded and coded in 1 of 28 different categories. The careers and postveterinary qualifications of alumni from universities in the US and Canada (referred to as North American universities) were compared with those alumni who graduated from universities in other countries.

RESULTS

Analysis of this 30-year database revealed that a considerable proportion (45.7% [307/672]) of the total 672 alumni are following the traditional career path of veterinary clinical practice rather than the research-related careers they aspired to as students during the Leadership Program. Furthermore, a higher proportion of the 325 North American alumni (56% [182/325]) were in clinical practice compared with 33.6% (112/333) of the 333 alumni from other countries.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Many veterinary schools now provide research experience programs to encourage highly talented students who have ambitions for careers in which they can advance knowledge about animal disease and contribute to solving the health problems of animals through hypothesis-based research. Comparison of the careers of the Leadership Program alumni indicates that research experience alone is not sufficient to maintain the career goals of alumni. Follow-up mentoring of alumni of such programs is recommended while they complete their veterinary studies to reinforce their career aspirations and provide advice on how to achieve research-related careers.
Study on structural parameter design and life analysis of large four-point contact ball bearing channel
Authors: Liang Zhu , Zhanqi Tang
Published: January 2023

Because of its large structure and strong bearing capacity, large rolling bearings are mainly used on low-speed and heavy-duty occasions. At present, the analysis and Research on large rolling bearings include load distribution, bearing capacity, bearing service life and bearing structure optimisation. Taking the large four-point contact bearing as an example, this performance studies the method of channel structure parameter design and life analysis. First, the structure and simplified model of four-point contact ball bearings are designed, and then the life analysis and calculation model is defined through analysis. Through the analysis of bearing finite element calculation results, the parameter optimisation of bearing channel spacing and channel curvature radius coefficient is studied, and the parameter design is carried out. Finally, the fatigue life analysis shows that the calculation result of the stress life model is 1.699 times that of strain life. The research results have guiding significance for the design of large four-point contact ball bearing and its supporting structure.
Research on an intelligent game simulation system based on road network
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu Laikai , Zhou Zhenghao , Qi Xiangwei
Published: January 2023

In recent years, with the continuous improvement of science and technology and the growing demand for public security, the site selection of security resources is gradually becoming one of the hot research topics in the field of public security governance. In this regard, this paper introduces the Game Idea and unfolds the analysis from the perspective of security resource point site selection and security resource path planning, hoping to improve the emergency efficiency. From scratch, the event diffusion influence factor is introduced to construct the security resource site selection strategy model to realise the site selection decision on regional road network security resource points. Further on, the security resource scheduling path planning platform with u-Dijkstra algorithm as the core under the site selection strategy is designed to realise the path planning for security resource scheduling, providing more efficient decision suggestions that are more applicable to colleges and universities. Finally, combing the traffic network of a campus, we conduct a simulation analysis while designing a small-range security resource path planning. Subsequently, the optimal decision and the optimal route of the safety resource planning are worked out, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the mathematical model in a simulative manner.
Focal liver lesions other than hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: Diagnostic challenges
Authors: Möller Kathleen , Safai Zadeh Ehsan , Görg Christian , Dong Yi , Cui Xinwu , Lim Adrian , Molo Chiara de , Serra Carla , Martín Algíbez Ana , Berzigotti Analisa , Piscaglia Fabio , Faiss Siegbert , Dietrich Christoph F.
Published: January 2023

Liver cirrhosis is associated with regenerative nodules and an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, other benign and malignant liver lesions may also occur. Differentiating the other lesions from HCC is important for further therapeutic decisions. This review discusses the characteristics of non-HCC liver lesions in cirrhosis and their consequent appearance on contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) with consideration of other imaging. Knowledge of this data would be helpful in avoiding misdiagnoses.
La revolución digital de la economía Uber. Redefiniendo las relaciones laborales
Authors: Riveaux Josefina , De Marchena José Luis
Published: January 2023

El presente estudio se focaliza en la figura de los “Gig Workers” de plataformas digitales tales como Uber y Deliveroo, así como en la necesidad de una regulación específica que se ajuste a las particularidades de estas nuevas relaciones de trabajo. Lo anterior, para efectos de prevenir la falta de certeza en relación con el estatus legal de aquellos. Siguiendo como los tribunales en Reino Unido (Common Law) han buscado la manera de redefinir y adecuar el concepto de subordinación y dependencia, este trabajo busca analizar cómo aquellos elementos han sido interpretados para efectos de determinar si aplicar o no la regulación tradicional de las relaciones laborales a las nuevas formas de trabajo que las plataformas digitales han creado. Estos fallos recientes demuestran que no es un tema resuelto. Las herramientas actuales para los tribunales son insuficientes para proveer tanto de certeza como de seguridad a los “Gig Workers” toda vez que estas nuevas formas de trabajo no representan totalmente las características tradicionales de subordinación y dependencia. Sin embargo, aquellas también demuestran la necesidad de una regulación efectiva que responda a las demandas e intereses de este nuevo tipo de trabajadores en materias de seguridad social, pero de manera tal de no desincentivar la creación de nuevas formas de trabajo.
El delito de desacato en contexto de violencia intrafamiliar: un análisis del Párrafo 2° de la Ley N° 20.066
Authors: Sierra Campos Catalina De los Angeles
Published: January 2023

El presente trabajo se propone analizar el rol del delito de desacato en contexto de violencia intrafamiliar, a partir de la entrada en vigor de la Ley N° 20.066. Con ese propósito, se estudiará la doctrina penal chilena desarrollada en torno a la interpretación del injusto en el delito de desacato. En particular, se analizarán los criterios interpretativos propuestos para enfrentar la amplitud de la norma que contiene este delito. Adicionalmente, se planteará un análisis en torno al delito de desacato que concilie los estudios doctrinarios revisados y las características especiales de la violencia intrafamiliar, con miras a un criterio estandarizado en esta materia.
ATTITUDE OF PARENTS AND TEACHERS TO THE PROBLEM OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY OF STUDENTS OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL
Authors:   Russian state A.I. Hertsen pedagogical university, Kostina L.M.
Published: January 2023

The article presents the data of a pilot empirical study, the purpose of which was to identify ideas about the psychological safety of the individual and the emotional and personal attitude of teachers and parents to the problem of psychological safety of primary and secondary school students. With the introduction of new federal educational standards, the focus of special attention is directed to the problem of the psychological safety of students’ personality at various levels of education. In modern scientific research, the predominant focus of psychological and pedagogical work on children and adolescents is traced, which is not consistent with the general educational doctrine of the Russian Federation, which defines parents and teachers as full-fledged subjects of education. In this regard, there is a need to involve parents and teachers in the work to ensure the psychological safety of the personality of students. A pilot study of ideas and attitudes towards the problem of psychological security of the individual will allow planning further work with all subjects of education. In the presented pilot study, 32 teachers and more than three hundred parents of students of primary and secondary schools of educational organizations of the North-West region took part. The work used survey research methods. The data obtained allow us to speak about the presence of teachers and parents’ ideas about the problem of the psychological safety of students’ personality, which shows the high significance and relevance of the identified problem. At the same time, it is possible to state a different degree of expression of ideas about psychological safety among teachers and parents, however, there are identical results in the interest of the subjects of education in increasing competence on this problem. Also, a fairly high level of positive emotional attitude and interest of both teachers and parents in solving the problems of psychological safety of the personality of primary and secondary school students was determined. The results of the pilot empirical study made it possible to draw conclusions and outline ways for further full-scale empirical research and psychological and pedagogical support for subjects of education while ensuring the psychological safety of the students’ personality.
DEVELOPMENT OF SPEECH AND THINKING OF STUDENTS WHILE LEARNING THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IN THE ASPECT OF TRADITIONS OF DOMESTIC METHODOLOGY
Authors:   Bunin Yelets State University, Telkova V.A. , Podoksenov A.M. ,   Bunin Yelets State University
Published: January 2023

In the article, based on the analysis of rich pedagogical experience of the greatest methodologists of the pre-revolutionary period and the Soviet era, the most effective mechanisms for organizing work on the development of speech and thinking of students while learning the Russian language are considered. A particular attention is paid to the works of prominent domestic teachers and methodologists, starting with F.I. Buslaev, who was one of the first to put forward a demand for restructuring the system of teaching the Russian language, paying more attention to acquiring the skills of using the language in live speech by students. In subsequent years, numerous publications appeared on the development of thinking and speech while learning the Russian language, the content of the most significant of them is reflected in this article. The authors present various views of language teachers on the problem of the development of thinking and speech of students, but at the same time it is emphasized that all of them are united by an understanding of the need for a close connection between logic, grammar and style. It is shown how the methodologists of the past connected the development of logical thinking of schoolchildren with the development of creative activity, which in turn led to an increase in the practical orientation of the study of theoretical information on grammar. Based on this judgment, various exercises related to the study of logic and grammar are presented, which are considered by philologists as a means of solving stylistic problems. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the solution of some issues of the development of speech and thinking of students, the nature of the exercises, the principles of their construction, the use of stylistics and grammar as a means of educating language instinct – all this, of course, can be used in the development of modern systems of classes of the Russian language.