bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ СКІНЧЕННО-ЕЛЕМЕНТНОЇ СІТКИ НА РОЗПОДІЛ ТЕМПЕРАТУРИ ПО ПОРОЖНИСТІЙ ПЛИТІ ПІД ЧАС МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПОЖЕЖІ
Authors: СІДНЕЙ Станіслав
Published: November 2024

Проведено обчислювальні експерименти з розв’язання теплотехнічної задачі щодо залізобетонної порожнистої плити за допомогою методу скінченних елементів у разі використання трьох типів згенерованих скінченно-елементних сіток. Метою роботи є визначення залежності впливу скінченно-елементної сітки на показники розподілу температури по залізобетонній порожнистій плиті під час розв’язання теплотехнічної задачі. Реалізацію розрахунків розподілу температури у досліджуваній залізобетонній конструкції під час впливу стандартного температурного режиму пожежі здійснено за рекомендаціями Єврокоду 2. Для розв’язання теплотехнічної задачі розподілу температури по залізобетонній порожнистій плиті під час впливу стандартного температурного режиму пожежі створено моделі матеріалів бетону та арматури із теплофізичними характеристиками, що змінюються під час зміни температури. За результатами досліджень встановлено, що нерівномірний обігрів обігрівної поверхні плити, а також нехарактерний розподіл температури на необігрівній поверхні у разі використання згенерованої автоматичної скінченно-елементної сітки вказують на низьку якість цієї сітки порівняно з сітками, згенерованими методами MultiZone та Sweep. Порівнюючи результати теплотехнічного розрахунку із використанням методів Sweep та MultiZone, встановлено, що характер температурного розподілу обігрівної поверхні плити майже однаковий. Однак необігрівна поверхня плити має температурний розподіл більш рівномірний у разі використання методу Sweep, порівнюючи результати, що отримано за допомогою методу MultiZone. Крім того, встановлено, що прогрівання лівого крайнього стрижня арматури відбувається більш інтенсивно порівняно з крайнім правим стрижнем. Такі результати доводять, що найбільш оптимальною скінченно-елементною сіткою з трьох типів, наведених у цій роботі, є модель із гексаедральними скінченними елементами, згенерована за допомогою методу Sweep.
Topological states in aperiodic, non Hermitian and electronically correlated systems
Authors:   , Moustaj Anouar
Published: November 2024

This thesis explores how topological concepts, usually associated with abstract mathematics, provide insights into complex physical systems. Physicists use topology to study systems that exhibit robust properties unaffected by minor changes. For example, topological insulators are materials that conduct electricity only at their boundaries and could improve the efficiency of current electronics due to their dissipationless transport properties. Similarly, topological superconductors might enable scalable quantum computing by protecting delicate quantum states from environmental interference.
This thesis focuses on multiple aspects where topology can arise. One of those is on non-Hermitian systems, which typically describe systems coupled to environmental interactions. Using graph theory and the concept of latent symmetries, we identified new topological phases within seemingly complicated systems. We also constructed a continuum approximation framework to study disorder at phase transitions in non-Hermitian systems, providing insights into topological stability. Beyond non-Hermitian systems, we also developed, along similar lines, continuum approximations to study a topological insulator in the presence of electron-electron interactions, showing that they do not alter the principal mechanism behind a topological phase.
A second focus is on aperiodic structures like quasicrystals, which lack traditional periodic order but exhibit long-range correlations. Quasicrystals can be constructed by projecting higher-dimensional crystals into lower dimensions, revealing hidden fractal structures. The thesis explores how impurities disrupt quasicrystalline order and examines topological phenomena in these aperiodic systems, such as topological charge pumping and boundary states protected by inversion symmetry.
To summarize, this work reveals hidden topological structures in non-traditional systems, offering a foundation for future experimental and theoretical research in topological phases and aperiodic materials.
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction: An Important Component of the Homeostatic Oxygen Sensing System
Authors: Archer SL , Dunham-Snary KJ , Bentley RET , Alizadeh E , Weir EK
Published: November 2024

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) rapidly and reversibly matches lung ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q), optimizing oxygen uptake and systemic oxygen delivery. HPV occurs in small pulmonary arteries (PA), which uniquely constrict to hypoxia. Although HPV is modulated by the endothelium the core mechanism of HPV resides in PA smooth muscle cells (PASMC). The PASMC’s mitochondrial oxygen sensor lies within the electron transport chain (ETC) and includes NDUFS2 in ETC Complex-I. PASMC mitochondria respond to hypoxia by varying production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydrogen peroxide in proportion to alveolar oxygen tension. Hypoxic ROS inhibition results in a state of reduction which triggers a redox-mediated inhibition of oxygen-sensitive, voltage-gated, potassium channels, including Kv1.5 and Kv2.1. Kv channel inhibition depolarizes the PASMC, opening of large-conductance calcium channels (CaL), elevating cytosolic calcium and activating the contractile apparatus. HPV is strongest in small PAs where sensors (hypoxia-responsive mitochondria) and effectors (oxygen-sensitive K+ channels) are enriched. Oxygenation at birth reverses fetal HPV, contributing to the rapid neonatal drop in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). A similar mitochon-drial-K+ channel sensor-effector mechanism exists in the ductus arteriosus (DA), however in DASMC it is oxygen-induced increases in mitochondrial ROS that inhibit DASMC K+ channels, causing DA constriction. Atelectasis and pneumonia elicit HPV, which optimises V/Q matching, increasing systemic oxygenation. Whilst HPV in response to localized hypoxia in a single lung lobe does not increase PA pressure; global airway hypoxia, as occurs with altitude or sleep apnea, causes pulmonary hypertension. HPV can be inhibited by drugs, including calcium channel blockers, or used to maintain a dry operative field during single lung anesthesia for lung surgery. HPV does not normally cause lung edema but excessive, heterogenous HPV contributes to high altitude pulmonary edema. HPV is suppressed in COVID-19 pneumonia by a SARS-CoV-2 mitochondriopathy. HPV is a component of the body’s homeostatic oxygen sensing system.
Does Hypoxia Prompt Fetal Brain-Sparing in the Absence of Fetal Growth Restriction?
Authors: Moore LG , Julian CG , Lorca RA , Ragan DC , Gumina D , Hobbins JC
Published: November 2024

The fetus develops normally in a hypoxic environment but exaggerated hypoxia late in pregnancy is a worrisome sign often observed in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, placental insufficiency, or fetal growth restriction (FGR). Serial fetal biometry and the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR, calculated as the middle cerebral artery [MCA] / the umbilical artery [UmbA] pulsatility indices [PI]), are commonly used to indicate fetal “brain sparing” resulting from exaggerated fetal hypoxia. But unclear is the extent to which a low CPR indicates pathology or is a physiological response for maintaining cerebral blood flow. We studied 31 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) pregnancies at low (LA, 1670 m) or high (HA, 2879 m) altitude, given the chronic hypoxia imposed by HA residence, and 54 LA women with a clinical diagnosis of FGR. At week 34, the MCA PI was lower in the LA-FGR than the LA-AGA group but lower still in the HA-AGA compared to either LA groups due to a trend toward higher end-diastolic velocity (EDV). We concluded that the lower MCA PI was likely due to greater cerebral vasodilation in the HA AGA group and an indication of physiological versus pathological fetal hypoxia. Future reporting of serial MCA and UmbA values and their determinants along with the CPR could improve our ability to distinguish between physiological and pathological fetal brain sparing.
Performance analysis of high temperature thermal energy storage in shallow depth enhanced geothermal system
Authors: Bu Xianbiao , Chen Wei , Du Jianguo , Wang Lingbao
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Solar resources are rich in north China and however, solar thermal energy has little contribution to space heating due to the intermittency and instability as well as the lack of seasonal energy storage technology. Although underground thermal energy storage (UTES) can solve the above problems effectively, the existing UTES systems either have low energy storage density and recovery efficiency or have high construction cost.

Methods

Inspired by the enhanced geothermal system (EGS), here a novel scheme of storing high temperature thermal energy into the shallow depth EGS (SDEGS) is proposed. Thermal energy is stored into SDEGS during the non-heating season and is extracted for space heating during the heating season.

Results

The results show the thermal performance of SDEGS always remains stable due to continuous thermal energy injection, and its thermal recovery efficiency is always greater than 90% by storing thermal energy into the tight rocks and circumventing the formation of the natural convection.

Discussion

SDEGS can be constructed in the shallow buried depth rocks having a low requirement about temperature, largely reducing project cost and risk and widening the application range.
Optimization of H9c2 differentiation leads to calcium-active and striated cardiac cells without addition of retinoic acid
Authors: Brock Judith , Hörning Marcel
Published: November 2024

As a reliable alternative to animal testing in cardiovascular research, it is crucial to improve differentiation of immortalized cell lines. In this study, we focused on optimizing the differentiation efficiency of the H9c2 cell line into cardiomyocytes using a high-throughput, automated image processing approach. While previous studies used protocols involving retinoic acid to enhance cardiac differentiation, we applied a simplified medium composition that results in higher differentiation rates. Along that line, we differentiated H9c2 cells into cardiomyocytes, which not only showed sarcomere-characteristic striation but also periodic intracellular calcium signaling for the first time. As a second step, we examined the potential application of polyacrylamide hydrogels (E=12 kPa) with defined fibronectin coating densities. The optimum fibronectin density of 2.6 μg/cm2 found for single cells was investigated to further improve the differentiation efficiency. However, the differentiation and proliferation dynamics dominate the adhesion forces between the cells and the hydrogel, and thus, result in premature clustering and detachment. In conclusion, we identified an optimized differentiation protocol and provided a basis for the further investigation necessary to potentially use hydrogels as natural cell environment, aiming to raise the differentiation efficiency even more.
Inpainting with style: forcing style coherence to image inpainting with deep image prior
Authors: Morotti Elena , Merizzi Fabio , Evangelista Davide , Cascarano Pasquale
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we combine the deep image prior (DIP) framework with a style transfer (ST) technique to propose a novel approach (called DIP-ST) for image inpainting of artworks. We specifically tackle cases where the regions to fill in are large. Hence, part of the original painting is irremediably lost, and new content must be generated. In DIP-ST, a convolutional neural network processes the damaged image while a pretrained VGG network forces a style constraint to ensure that the inpainted regions maintain stylistic coherence with the original artwork. We evaluate our method performance to inpaint different artworks, and we compare DIP-ST to some state-of-the-art techniques. Our method provides more reliable solutions characterized by a higher fidelity to the original images, as confirmed by better values of quality assessment metrics. We also investigate the effectiveness of the style loss function in distinguishing between different artistic styles, and the results show that the style loss metric accurately measures artistic similarities and differences. Finally, despite the use of neural networks, DIP-ST does not require a dataset for training, making it particularly suited for art restoration where relevant datasets may be scarce.
Genetic analysis of potential markers and therapeutic targets for immunity in periodontitis
Authors: Li Hui , Du Wanqing , Ye Xin , Luo Xi , Duan Xuejing
Published: November 2024

Objective

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory periodontal disease resulting in destroyed periodontal tissue. Many studies have found that the host's inflammatory immune responses are involved in the risk of periodontal tissue damage. In this study, we aim to identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets related to immunity in periodontitis.

Methods

GSE16134 and GSE10334 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the immune-related genes were obtained from the Immunology Database and Analysis Portal (ImmPort). After the differentially expressed immune-related genes (DE-IRGs) were identified, enrichment analysis was performed. Two machine learning methods, the least absolute shrinkage and selector operation (LASSO) logistic regression and the support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), were used to screen out potential markers for the diagnosis of periodontitis. The CIBERSORT algorithm and LM22 matrix were used to analyze the percentage of infiltrating immune cells in periodontitis. Finally, the potential drug targets for the selected immune-related marker genes were predicted using relevant databases.

Results

A total of 7 genes (CD19, CXCR4, FABP4, FOS, IGHD, IL2RG, and PPBP) were upregulated in periodontitis samples. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of only one gene for distinguishing periodontitis from healthy samples ranged from 0.724 to 0.894. The prediction ability of the combined risk score of these 7 DE-IRGs was improved (AUC = 0.955). Naïve B cells, neutrophils, plasma cells, and activated memory CD4 T cells were significantly enriched in periodontitis samples, and 25 drugs targeting 4 DE-IRGs were predicted.

Conclusion

We developed a diagnostic model based on seven IRGs for periodontitis. The possible drugs targeting IRGs may provide new ideas for periodontitis treatment.
Influence of variation in construction parameters on the stability of the surrounding rock in soft rock tunnels
Authors: Li Junhong , Hong Shaopan , Xiong Yu , Chen Yuxue , Nie Qiqiang
Published: November 2024

The stability of the surrounding rock is an important engineering challenge for soft rock tunnels. Based on the FLAC3D finite difference numerical simulation software, this paper analyzes the typical area of the Fenghuang Mountain tunnel in the Chuxiong section of the Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project. Three construction methods are implemented: three-bench method, reserved core soil method, and CD method, with two excavation parameters being different lengths of the upper step and heights of the lower step. The whole excavation process of the red layer soft rock tunnel is simulated under four supporting conditions: different bolt lengths, different bolt spacings, different initial support thicknesses, and varying advanced grouting strengths. The results indicate that the CD method has a strong constraint on the vertical displacement of the surrounding rock at the arch, while the reserved core soil method has a better effect on controlling the uplift value, and the three-step method has a better constraint on the horizontal convergence of the surrounding rock at the arch waist. The increase in the distance between the upper and lower steps has a great influence on the horizontal convergence value of the tunnel, and the lower steps have a better inhibition effect on the horizontal convergence value of the surrounding rock at the tunnel arch. The increase in the lining thickness has a significant effect on restraining the deformation of the surrounding rock, and advanced grouting is efficient in enhancing the mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock and reducing the displacement of the surrounding rock. The support optimization engineering application is carried out in the 6# construction branch tunnel of the Fenghuang Mountain tunnel, yielding good results.
Impact of the power-controlled static synchronous machine on transient stability of power system
Authors: Qing Liu , Zheren Zhang , Yicheng Xue , Zheng Xu
Published: November 2024

Compared with the grid-following (GFL)-converter-interfaced generations (CIG), the power-controlled static synchronous machine (PCSSM) can realize voltage and frequency control through the power tracking function, which has the potential to improve the transient stability of the power system. However, the evolution trend of transient stability of power systems with integrated power-controlled static synchronous machine is still unknown. This paper studies the transient stability characteristic of power systems after replacing synchronous generators (SGs) with the PCSSM. The PCSSM and GFL-CIG are integrated into the New England IEEE 39-bus test system, respectively. Firstly, we compare the transient stability of the PCSSM-integrated system with the GFL-CIG-integrated system by changing Converter-interfaced generation’s integration proportions and locations. Then, the impact of equivalent inertia coefficient J and damping coefficient D on the transient stability of the PCSSM-integrated system is analyzed. Finally, the advantages of PCSSM compared to GFL-CIG are compared and summarized.
Performance analysis of multi-energy sharing prosumers considering different load profiles
Authors: Zeng Jincan , Wang Peng , Wang Qin , Liu Minwei , Liu Xi , Huang Guori , He Gengsheng , Yao Shangheng , Li Longxi
Published: November 2024

With the advancement of distributed energy systems, energy sharing has emerged as a crucial trading mechanism on the demand-side, enabling participants to share self-generated energy with their neighbors through contractual agreements. Nevertheless, a comprehensive analysis is needed to balance the benefits among energy prosumers, given their distinct characteristics. This paper proposes a multi-energy sharing framework with flexible demand-side management based on full cooperation. We evaluate the economic and environmental performance of sharing participants, considering the impacts of different operation modes and diverse demand profiles. Cooperative game theory is employed to maximize the social welfare of all participants, with the different allocation schemes are used to distribute the cooperative surplus among stakeholders. The fairness of these schemes is assessed to ensure the feasibility and equity of the proposed framework. The results indicate that the centralized multi-energy sharing framework yields win-win outcomes for both individual and collective interests. Specifically, the total cost and carbon dioxide emissions of prosumers in the shared scenario are reduced by 13% and 16%, respectively, compared to individual operation scenarios. Moreover, thermal energy management is critically important for energy sharing. Furthermore, varying combinations of building types significantly affect cost savings and emission reductions, influencing energy sharing patterns and quantities.
Biological evaluation of semi-synthetic isoindolinone isomers produced by Stachybotrys chartarum
Authors: Fischle Alica , Schreiber Ulrich , Haupt Viola , Schimang Felix , Schürmann Lina , Behrens Matthias , Hübner Florian , Esselen Melanie , Kalinin Dmitrii V. , Kalinina Svetlana A.
Published: November 2024

The filamentous fungus Stachybotrys chartarum is rich in meroterpenoid secondary metabolites, some of which carry o-dialdehyde moieties, which are readily derivatized to isoindolinones by addition of primary amines. The structural diversity of phenylspirodrimanes, in particular, is linked to a wide range of biological activities, making them ideal candidates for semi-synthetic modification. In this study, acetoxystachybotrydial acetate was reacted with l-tryptophan and tryptamine, resulting in the detection of both regiospecific isomeric structures - a rare and significant finding that enabled the examination of four novel reaction products. Besides their successful purification, a detailed report on their isomer-specific behavior with regard to chromatographic retention, UV-spectral specificities, nuclear magnetic resonances, and mass spectrometric fragmentation is given. Furthermore, a comprehensive insight into each compounds’ unique effect within the tested biological assays is provided, which include cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, their biological activity against serine proteases of the blood coagulation cascade, and in vitro hepatic metabolism, always in comparison to the non-derivatized substance. Ultimately, each isomer can be distinguished already during the purification process, which extends to the biological assays where we present one less cytotoxic, faster metabolized, and more active regio-isomeric phenylspirodrimane-derivative.
Holliday junction recognition protein (HJURP) could reflect the clinical outcomes of lung adenocarcinoma patients, and impact the choice of precision therapy
Authors: Gao Xixi , Zhang Yingqing , Zhang Ming , Sun Yuejiao
Published: November 2024

Background

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most prevalent subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), characterized by poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. Identifying reliable prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive analysis of HJURP expression in LUAD using data from four cohorts: TCGA-LUAD (n = 453), GSE31210 (n = 226), GSE68465 (n = 442), and GSE72094 (n = 386). Univariate Cox regression analysis was employed to identify prognostic genes, with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis used to assess the predictive power of HJURP. Functional enrichment analyses were performed using MetaScape and FGSEA, and spatial transcriptomics and single-cell sequencing data were analyzed to explore HJURP’s distribution and potential functions. Additionally, correlations between HJURP expression and genetic alterations, immune cell infiltration, and potential therapeutic responses were evaluated.

Results

HJURP was identified as a significant prognostic biomarker in all four cohorts, with high expression associated with increased risk of overall survival (OS) death (TCGA-LUAD: HR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.321–2.815, P < 0.001; GSE31210: HR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.319–5.735, P = 0.007; GSE68465: HR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.215–2.038, P < 0.001; GSE72094: HR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.485–3.27, P < 0.001). Functional analyses indicated that HJURP is involved in DNA metabolic processes, cell cycle regulation, and mitotic processes, with significant activation of pathways related to MYC targets, G2M checkpoint, and DNA repair. High HJURP expression was associated with higher mutation frequencies in TP53, CSMD3, TTN, and MUC16, and positively correlated with pro-inflammatory immune cell infiltration and several immune checkpoints, including PD-L1 and PD-L2. Chemotherapeutic agents such as gefitinib and sorafenib were predicted to be effective against high HJURP-expressing tumors.

Conclusion

HJURP is a pivotal biomarker for LUAD, consistently associated with poor prognosis and advanced disease stages. Its high expression correlates with specific genetic alterations and immune profiles, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. Future studies should validate these findings in larger cohorts.
Altered mitochondrial mass and low mitochondrial membrane potential of immune cells in patients with HBV infection and correlation with liver inflammation
Authors: Ma Liling , Han Qingzhen , Cheng Longji , Song Huafeng , Qiang Rui , Xu Ping , Gao Fei , Zhu Li , Xu Junchi
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial mass (MM) affect mitochondrial function and lymphocyte activation, but few studies on HBV infection exist. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction during HBV infection and its clinical significance by analyzing the alterations of MM and MMPlow in peripheral blood immune cells.

Methods

The study enrolled 90 participants, including healthy volunteers(HC) and patients with HBV infection, HBV patients were divided into chronic hepatitis B patients (CHB) and liver cirrhosis (LC) according to the study, and CHB was also divided into an inflammation group and a non-inflammation group. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the changes of MM and MMPlow in peripheral blood immune cells. These analyses were correlated with the presence of CHB and LC and indexes related to liver inflammation.

Results

The study revealed significant variations in the percentage of MMPlow and MM of CD8+T cells associated with the progression of the disease. The MMPlow percentage of CD8+T cells in the LC group exhibited a notable decrease compared to the HC group and CHB groups. Moreover, MMPlow of CD8+T cells demonstrated potential in distinguishing CHB and LC (AUC=0.7341, P=0.0032). Furthermore, in exploring the link between mitochondrial function of immune cells and liver inflammation, the study found a negative correlation between the MMPlow ratio of CD4+T and CD8+T cells and AST (p=0.0039 and P=0.0070, r=-0.4405 and r=-0.4146), while the MM of CD8+T cells displayed a positive correlation with AST (p=0.0013, r=0.4865). In CHB patients with normal ALT but liver inflammation detected on B-scan ultrasonography, a significant decrease was observed in the MMPlow percentage of CD8+T (66.13 ± 14.27), CD56+NK(57.77 ± 17.40) and CD4-CD8-T (61.98 ± 15.98) cells. Furthermore, it was also found that the percentage of MMPlow in CD4-CD8-T cells could serve as an indicator for early liver inflammation and injury (AUC=0.8408, P=0.0052).

Discussion

In this study, we conducted a systematic analysis of the percentage of lymphocyte MMPlow and MM in various stages of HBV infection. Our findings revealed a correlation between MMPlow and MM and early liver inflammation, as well as the progression of the infection. This study marked the first demonstration of the clinical diagnostic value of MMPlow and MM in HBV infection. Furthermore, this was the first study to discuss the mitochondria of lymphocytes and liver inflammation in HBV infection. It enhanced the understanding of the role of T cells in liver inflammation, and elucidated potential markers for the early detection of liver injury and clinical cirrhosis.
Zooplankton abundance and distribution along the Mawson coast, East Antarctica
Authors: Weldrick Christine K. , Brasier Madeleine J. , Burns Alicia , Johnson Olivia J. , Maschette Dale
Published: November 2024

During the summer of 2021, we conducted a comprehensive study on zooplankton communities along East Antarctica (55°E to 80°E) as part of the Trends in Euphausiids off Mawson, Predators, and Oceanography (TEMPO) survey program. Hierarchical agglomerative clustering identified three distinct zooplankton clusters based on environmental factors. Seven potential indicator taxa associated with specific clusters include copepods, pteropods, amphipods, and euphausiids. Mainly consisting of small copepods, chaetognaths and foraminifera, Cluster 1 (n = 34) was characterized by the highest abundance (74,386 ind./1000 m3), spanning wide latitudinal and longitudinal gradients, deeper waters (mean depth = 3,475 m ± 739 m), and higher chlorophyll-a concentrations (mean = 49.13 mg m−2 ± 24.38 mg m−2). Cluster 2 (n = 4) featured the lowest abundance (1,059 ind./1000 m3) and the fewest sampling stations along the narrowest latitudinal range. Copepods, euphausiids, and foraminifera were among the most abundant in this group. Cluster 3 (n = 10), located near the ice edge, displayed a distinct temperature range (−1.46°C to 1.18°C) and moderate zooplankton abundance (22,629 ind./1000 m3) consisting of copepods, euphausiids, and ostracods. IndVal analysis identified seven species as indicators of environmental conditions and Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) were used to model their abundance, as well as total zooplankton abundance. Across all models, significant drivers included chlorophyll-a, temperature, number of days since sea ice melt and mixed layer depth. The model for total zooplankton abundance explained 70.9% of the deviance, with number of days since ice melt and chlorophyll-a concentration emerging as the strongest predictors. These findings provide crucial insights into the ecological implications of changing climate conditions on East Antarctica zooplankton communities and their potential repercussions on the broader Southern Ocean ecosystem. This research enhances our understanding of the intricate relationship between environmental shifts and Southern Ocean ecology.
Co-occurrence of harmful algal blooms and whale deaths
Authors: Silber Gregory K. , Silber Katy M.
Published: November 2024

Marine harmful algal blooms (HAB) have been implicated in marine mammal die-offs; but the relationship between sub-lethal algal toxicity and marine mammal vulnerability to human activities has not been assessed. HAB toxins can result in compromised neurological or muscular systems and we posit these conditions can expose marine mammals to increased likelihood of entanglement in commercial fishing gear or ship strike. To investigate whether HABs and large whale injuries and deaths were associated, we assessed the spatiotemporal co-occurrence of HAB events and large whale mortalities/injuries in U.S. east (from 2000-2021) and west (2007-2021) coastal waters. The number of mortalities/injuries was frequently higher in years with large-scale or severe HABs. We found statistically significant relationships between the occurrence of HABs and whale mortalities/injuries in west coast waters – at least three additional whale deaths/injuries were detected near an active HAB than in areas where a HAB was not reported. This relationship was similarly positive but weaker for east coast waters, a difference that may be attributable to differing oceanographic features, or approaches used in whale data collection, between coasts. Saxitoxin-producing Alexandrium was the most common causative agent on both the east (64.1%) and west (57.8%) coasts; and domoic acid-producing Pseudo-nitzschia was more common along the west (33.3%) than the east coast (8.7%). Algal toxins can be entrained in marine ecosystems, including in whale prey, and can chronically persist in marine mammals. Given many whale deaths/injuries result from fishing gear entanglement and vessel strikes, algal-induced morbidities may diminish whale capacities to detect or avoid fishing gear and approaching vessels. While there was much interannual variability, general increasing trends were observed in both whale death/injury and HAB datasets which may be attributable to increased monitoring or rising ocean temperatures. HAB prediction modeling has become increasingly sophisticated and could be used as a tool to reduce whale mortality by limiting human activities (e.g., curtailing fishing operations) when HABs, whale occurrence, and maritime activities are expected to overlap. Additional systematic data collection is needed to track and model mechanisms underlying relationships between HABs and incidental whale mortality.
Grain size of Quaternary sediments in the continental shelf-margin: implications for paleo-environment in the Northwestern South China Sea
Authors: Ge Jiawang , Li Qingping , Zhao Xiaoming , Pang Weixin , Fan Qi , Cheng Xiang , Zhang Xin
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The quantitative distribution of grain size of sediments could imply the hydrodynamic conditions as well as terrestrial material composition; and thus, it is indicative of sea-level fluctuations, regional sources and climate changes. The environmentally sensitive components extracted from grain size data serve as excellent indicators of the sedimentary environment and monsoon intensity.

Material and methods

The drilling data from the shelf margin of the northwestern Qiongdongnan Basin provide an excellent opportunity for studying hydrodynamics and climate change in the Quaternary South China Sea (SCS). The 49 obtained samples of Quaternary sediments are primarily composed of clay and silt, with a low sand content. The environmentally sensitive components are extracted from the sediment samples, based on multiple attempts including grain size-standard deviation, the end-member modelling analysis and the principal component factor analysis methods.

Results

The increased grain size as supplemented by ratios of rolling movement on the sediment probability accumulation curves indicate enhanced hydrodynamic conditions in the Quaternary northwestern SCS. The alternative indicators of the Quaternary East Asian monsoon are obtained after a comprehensive comparative analysis. The changes in the content of the grain size components of 5.21-6.72 μm and 27.4-35.3 μm are used as the proxy indicators for the Quaternary East Asian summer and winter monsoon of the NW-SCS, respectively. It is likely indicated that the East Asian winter monsoon remarkably strengthened since 1.3 Ma but reached its maximum intensity around 0.8 Ma. During this period, the magnitude of both climatic temperature and sea-level fluctuations are significant, thus, the coarse-grained component increased at falling or low sea-level stages.

Discussion

The grain size characteristics of the Quaternary shelf margin sediments are indicative of hydrodynamic conditions, source-sink systems and environmental monsoon climate changes in the northwestern SCS.
Efficacy and safety of eravacycline versus tigecycline for complicated intra-abdominal infections in the ICU: a multicenter, single-blind, parallel randomized controlled trial study protocol
Authors: Liu Jin Jie , Guo Dong Dong , Wang Meng Xing , Li Yan Zhao , Li Hang , Liu Si Bo , Yang Rong Li , Zhang Dian Hong
Published: November 2024

Background

Complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs), often caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria such as carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a critical challenge in ICUs. Owing to their high mortality and treatment failure rates, there is an urgent need for effective therapies. This trial will compare eravacycline to tigecycline for treating cIAIs in patients in the ICU, aiming to provide a superior treatment option.

Methods

This is a multicenter, single-blind, parallel randomized controlled trial. Adult patients in the ICU with complex abdominal infections who meet the eligibility criteria will be included. The main outcome is the all-cause 30-day mortality of patients in clinically evaluable and microbiologically evaluable populations. Secondary outcomes include the proportion of total responsive patients in the clinically evaluable population at the end of treatment and test of cure visits; the proportion of total responsive patients in the microbiologically evaluable population at the end of treatment and test of cure visits; and ICU hospitalization time and costs. Safety assessments include the incidence of various adverse events and changes in clinical laboratory test results. The subjects will be randomly assigned to receive treatment with either eravacycline or tigecycline at a 1:1 ratio. The all-cause mortality rates of patients treated with eravacycline and TGC were 17.7 and 18.7%, respectively, with an estimated actual mortality rate of 0.95. A total sample size of 262 subjects is required to reach 80% power with an α of 0.05. Considering a 10% loss rate, 292 patients will be enrolled and randomly assigned to the three groups in equal proportions.

Ethics and communication

This trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ansteel Group General Hospital. The communication plan includes presentations at scientific conferences, scientific publications, and presentations to the public through nonprofessional media.

Clinical trial registration

https://clinicaltrials.gov/, ChiCTR2300078646.
Visualization of argininosuccinate synthetase by in silico analysis: novel insights into citrullinemia type I disorders
Authors: Gu Xia , Mo Wenhui , Zhuang Guiying , Shi Congcong , Wei Tao , Zhang Jinze , Tu Chiaowen , Cai Yao , Liao Biwen , Hao Hu
Published: November 2024

Background

Citrullinemia type I disorders (CTLN1) is a genetic metabolic disease caused by argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1) gene mutation. To date, the human genome mutation database has documented over 100 variants of the ASS1 gene. This study reported a novel deletion-insertion variant of ASS1 gene and employed various prediction tools to determine its pathogenicity.

Methods

We reported a case of early-onset CTLN1. Whole exome sequencing was conducted to identify genetic mutations. We employed various structure prediction tools to generate accurate 3D models and utilized computational biology tools to elucidate the disparities between the wild-type and mutant proteins.

Results

The patient was characterized by severe clinical manifestations, including poor responsiveness, lethargy, convulsions, and cardiac arrest. Notably, the patient exhibited significantly elevated blood ammonia levels (655 μmol/L; normal reference: 10–30 μmol/L) and increased citrulline concentrations (936 μmol/L; normal reference: 5–25 μmol/L). Whole exome sequencing revealed a in-frame deletion-insertion mutation c.1128_1134delinsG in the ASS1 gene of unknown significance, which has not been previously reported. Our finding indicated that the C- terminal helix domain of the mutant protein structure, which was an important structure for ASS1 protein to form protein tetramers, was indeed more unstable than that of the wild-type protein structure.

Conclusion

Through conducting an in silico analysis on this unique in-frame deletion-insertion variant of ASS1, our aim was to enhance understanding regarding its structure-function relationship as well as unraveling the molecular mechanism underlying CTLN1.
What specific exercise training is most effective exercise training method for patients on maintenance hemodialysis with sarcopenia: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Li Ying , Li Jingjing , Chen Xiaoan , Shi Yuegong , Shen Jie , Huang Ting
Published: November 2024

Objective

The present study aimed to investigate the influence of different exercise methods on sarcopenia patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) by conducting a network meta-analysis.

Methods

The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases were searched online for relevant articles published until May 2024. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected 10 articles that compared the effects of 7 exercise interventions on sarcopenia patients receiving MHD.

Results

The results of network meta-analysis showed that resistance training (RT) [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 4.54; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.27–5.80] significantly improved the handgrip strength (HGS) of sarcopenia patients receiving MHD as compared to Baduanjin exercise (BAE) (SMD = 4.19; 95% CI: 2.31–6.07), bicycle exercise (BIE) (SMD = 4.06; 95% CI: 0.02–8.10), and combined movement (CE) (SMD = 3.50; 95% CI: 3.13–3.87). Compared to normal care (NC), BAE (SMD = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.07–0.23), RT (SMD = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.06–0.62), and CE (SMD = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.16–0.58) significantly improved skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) in sarcopenia patients receiving MHD.

Conclusion

This study showed that RT has a positive effect on improving HGS in sarcopenia patients receiving MHD. CE also showed good results in enhancing SMI in MHD patients with sarcopenia. More randomized controlled trials are required to better understand the effectiveness of these exercise interventions and the potential underlying mechanisms.
Current status of short video as a source of information on lung cancer: a cross-sectional content analysis study
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Yao Xinyi , Sui Binbin , Zhou Yutao
Published: November 2024

Background

The morbidity and mortality rates of lung cancer continue to rise, leading to a significant disease burden. Health education on lung cancer serves as an effective approach for prevention and treatment. With the increasing popularity of the Internet, an escalating number of patients are turning to video platforms for health information. Short videos facilitate better absorption and retention of information, thus becoming the primary channel for health education communication. However, the quality of information provided in videos on these platforms remains uncertain. Therefore, this study aims to assess the information quality pertaining to lung cancer in short videos available on a Chinese video platform.

Methods

Lung cancer-related videos on two short video platforms (TikTok and Kwai) were screened, and only Chinese (Mandarin) videos were included. The Global Quality Score (GQS) and modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) tools were then used to evaluate the quality and reliability of the information. A comparative analysis was conducted on videos from various sources. Additionally, correlation analysis was employed to investigate the factors influencing video quality.

Results

After screening, a total of 186 videos were included. The median GQS score and mDISCERN score were 3 (IQR: 3-4) and 2 (IQR: 2-4), respectively. A total of 44.1% of the lung cancer videos provided a comprehensive explanation of the symptoms, while only 3.2% fully explanation the complications associated with lung cancer. Health professionals, particularly specialists, demonstrated higher quality video information compared to individual users (P<0.001). The correlation coefficient between GQS score and mDISCERN score was 0.340, showing a significant positive correlation (P<0.001). In addition, GQS score was positively correlated with video duration (r=0.177, P=0.015)

Conclusion

The information quality of the 186 videos screened by the two platforms in this study was generally unsatisfactory. However, videos provided by experts were deemed relatively reliable, with video duration being closely associated with information quality. Therefore, it is crucial to meticulously screen high-quality and dependable videos on the platform in order to effectively guide lung cancer prevention and treatment.
SLNP-based CDK4- targeted nanotherapy against glioblastoma
Authors: Ghani Uzma , Ghori Fareeha Khalid , Qamar Muhammad Usman , Khan Hina , Azad Basit , Habib Sabahat , Justin Saira , Khan Ishaq N. , Shah Tawaf Ali , Shazly Gamal A. , Bourhia Mohammed , Perveen Fouzia , Javed Aneela
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Glioblastoma is a grade IV solid brain tumor and has a 15-month survival rate even after treatment. Glioblastoma development is heavily influenced by retinoblastoma protein (pRB) pathway changes. The blood–brain barrier, drug resistance, and severe toxicity of Temozolamide are key obstacles in treating glioblastoma. Innovative treatments targeting the pRB pathway with efficient delivery vehicles are required to treat glioblastoma.

Methods

For this purpose, a library of 691 plant extracts previously tested in vitro for anti-cancerous, anti inflammatory, and anti-proliferative characteristics was created after thorough literature investigations. Compounds were docked against pRB pathway protein ligands using molecular operating environment and chimera. Their nuclear structure and drug-like properties were predicted through Lipinski rule and density functional theory analysis. Physio-chemical characterizations of naked and drug-encapsulated SLNPs assessed size, stability, entrapment efficiency, and drug release rate. Anti-cancer potential of drug and drug- loaded SLNPs was evaluated using U87, U251, and HEK cell lines. Formulations were tested for cancer cell metastatic potential using cell migration assays.

Results

Silymarin (Sil) was identified as the most potent compound against CDK4, which was then encapsulated in stearic acid solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNP-Sil). Sil showed decreased cell viability 72 h after treatment against both U87 and U251 cell lines but had negligible cytotoxic effect on HEK-293. IC50 value of Sil was 155.14 µM for U87 and 195.93 µM for U251. Sil and SLNP-Sil effectively inhibited U87 and U251 cell migration 24 h after treatment.

Discussion

Our results indicated that Sil and SLNP-Sil are promising therapeutic approaches against glioblastoma and merit in vivo experimental verification using orthotropic xenograft mouse models against glioblastoma.
Development and validation of a nomogram prediction model for clinically significant prostate cancer combined with PI-RADS V2.1, MRI quantitative parameters and clinical indicators: a two-center study
Authors: Chen Yunhui , Yan Long , Xianmei Jiang , Heyi Gu , Wei Xie , Chao Peng , Yanwen Dong , Shicun Dong , Chao Gao , Cui Yu , Peng Gu , Xiaodong Liu , xiaoyu Tuo , Bingbing Ling , Wenqing Ji , Kexian Gao , Qingqing Li , Linglin Zheng , Yun Zhu , Lei Zhao , Jihong Hu , Wei Zhao , Yaying Yang , Juan Hu
Published: November 2024

Objective

To develop and validate a multi-index nomogram prediction model for clinically significant prostate cancer(CSPCa) by combining the PI-RADS V2.1, quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters and clinical indicators.

Methods

A total of 1740 patients (75% in the derivation cohort and 25% in the internal validation cohort) and 342 patients (the external validation cohort) were retrospectively included in the MRI follow-up database of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between January 2015 and April 2021,and Gejiu People’s Hospital between January 2020 and December 2022.Important predictors of CSPCa in MRI-related quantitative parameters, PSA-derived indicators, and clinical indicators, such as age, were screened. The Net Reclassification Improvement Index(NRI),Integrated Discrimination Improvement Index(IDI), and clinical decision curve analysis (DCA) were calculated to compare the performances of the different models. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves and clinical calibration curves were used to analyze and compare diagnostic effects.

Results

The AUC value, best cut-off value, specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of model 1(PI-RADS + PSAD) derivation cohort were 0.935, 0.304, 0.861, 0.895 and 0.872, respectively. The AUC values of the internal and external validation cohorts for model 1 were 0.956 and 0.955, respectively. The AUC value, best cut-off value, specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of model 2(PI-RADS +PSAD + ADCmean) derivation cohort were 0.939, 0.401, 0.895, 0.853 and 0.882, respectively. The AUC values of the internal and external validation cohorts for model 2 were 0.940 and 0.960,respectively. After adding the ADCmean to the model, the NRI(categorical), NRI(continuous) and IDI values were 0.0154, 0.3498 and 0.0222, respectively. There was no significant difference between the predicted probability and actual probability (p> 0.05).

Conclusion

Models 1 and 2 had reliable, efficient and visual predictive value for CSPCa. The ADCmean is an important predictive indicator.