bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of large-scale targeted sequencing to distinguish multiple lung primary tumors from intrapulmonary metastases
Authors: Duan Jiaxin , Ge Mingjian , Peng Jian , Zhang Yangli , Yang Li , Wang Ting , Qin Tian , Yuan Rui , Zhang Yuhong , Cheng Wei
Published: November 2020

The effective differentiation between multiple primary lung tumors (MPs) and intrapulmonary metastases (IMs) in patients is imperative to discover the exact disease stage and to select the most appropriate treatment. In this study, the authors was to evaluate the efficacy and validity of large-scale targeted sequencing (LSTS) as a supplement to estimate whether multifocal lung cancers (MLCs) are primary or metastatic. Targeted sequencing of 520 cancer-related oncogenes was performed on 36 distinct tumors from 16 patients with MPs. Pairing analysis was performed to evaluate the somatic mutation pattern of MLCs in each patient. A total of 25 tumor pairs from 16 patients were sequenced, 88% (n = 22) of which were classified as MPs by LSTS, consistent with clinical diagnosis. One tumor pair from a patient with lymph node metastases had highly consistent somatic mutation profiles, thus predicted as a primary-metastatic pair. In addition, some matched mutations were observed in the remaining two paired ground-glass nodules (GGNs) and classified as high-probability IMs by LSTS. Our study revealed that LSTS can potentially facilitate the distinction of MPs from IMs. In addition, our results provide new genomic evidence of the presence of cancer invasion in GGNs, even pure GGNs.
A measure for intrinsic information
Authors: Barbosa Leonardo S. , Marshall William , Streipert Sabrina , Albantakis Larissa , Tononi Giulio
Published: November 2020

We introduce an information measure that reflects the intrinsic perspective of a receiver or sender of a single symbol, who has no access to the communication channel and its source or target. The measure satisfies three desired properties—causality, specificity, intrinsicality—and is shown to be unique. Causality means that symbols must be transmitted with probability greater than chance. Specificity means that information must be transmitted by an individual symbol. Intrinsicality means that a symbol must be taken as such and cannot be decomposed into signal and noise. It follows that the intrinsic information carried by a specific symbol increases if the repertoire of symbols increases without noise (expansion) and decreases if it does so without signal (dilution). An optimal balance between expansion and dilution is relevant for systems whose elements must assess their inputs and outputs from the intrinsic perspective, such as neurons in a network.
Sustainable resistance switching performance from composite-type ReRAM device based on carbon Nanotube@Titania core–shell wires
Authors: Kim Youngjin , Kim Minsung , Hwang Ji Hyeon , Kim Tae Whan , Lee Sang-Soo , Jeon Woojin
Published: November 2020

A novel nanocomposite-based non-volatile resistance switching random access memory device introducing single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)@TiO2 core–shell wires was proposed for flexible electronics. The SWCNT was de-bundled by ultrasonication with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), and then the TiO2 skin layer on the SWCNT surface was successfully introduced by adding benzyl alcohol as a weak surfactant. The nanocomposite resistance switching layer was composed of the SWCNT@TiO2 core–shell wires and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix by a simple spin-coating method. The device exhibited reproducible resistance switching performance with a remarkably narrow distribution of operating parameters (VSET and VRESET were 2.63 ± 0.16 and 0.95 ± 0.11 V, respectively) with a large RON/ROFF ratio of 105 for 200 consecutive switching cycles. Furthermore, the excellent resistance switching behavior in our device was maintained against mechanical stress up to 105 bending test. We believe that the nanocomposite memory device with SWCNT@TiO2 core–shell wires would be a critical asset to realize practical application for a flexible non-volatile memory field.
Long-term N fertilization reduces uptake of N from fertilizer and increases the uptake of N from soil
Authors: Joris Helio Antonio Wood , Vitti André Cesar , Ferraz-Almeida Risely , Otto Rafael , Cantarella Heitor
Published: November 2020

Long-term supply of synthetic nitrogen (N) has the potential to affect the soil N processes. This study aimed to (i) establish N response curves to find the best balance between inputs and outputs of N over four ratoons; (ii) use 15N-labeled fertilizer to estimate the N recovery efficiency of fertilizer applied in the current season as affected by the N management in the previous three years. Nitrogen rates (control, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha−1 N) were applied annually in the same plots after the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th sugarcane cycles. Sugarcane yield, N uptake, and N balance were evaluated. In the final season, 100 kg ha−1 of 15N was also applied in the microplots to evaluate the effect of previous N fertilization on N derived from fertilizer (NDF) and N derived from soil (NDS). Sugarcane yields increased linearly with the N rates over the four sugarcane-cycles. The best balance between the input of N through fertilizer and N removal by stalks was 90 kg ha−1 N in both the 1st and 2nd ratoons, and 71 kg ha−1 N in both the 3rd and 4th ratoons. Long-term application of N reduced NDF from 41 to 30 kg ha−1 and increased NDS from 160 to 180 kg ha−1 N. A key finding is that long-term N fertilization has the potential to affect soil N processes by increasing the contribution of soil N and reducing the contribution of N from fertilizer.
Physicochemical properties, droplet size and volatility of dicamba with herbicides and adjuvants on tank-mixture
Authors: Ferreira Pedro Henrique Urach , Thiesen Leonardo Vinicius , Pelegrini Gabriela , Ramos Maria Fernanda Tavares , Pinto Matheus Moreira Dantas , da Costa Ferreira Marcelo
Published: November 2020

The adoption of dicamba-tolerant soybean varieties has increased the concern and demand for new drift and volatility reduction technologies. Potential spray nozzles and adjuvants should be studied to determine its effects on drift and volatility of dicamba tank-mixtures. The objective of this study was to evaluate physicochemical characteristics of spray solutions containing dicamba; to analyze droplet size effect with air induction nozzles; and to assess dicamba volatilization on soybean plants with a proposed methodology. Treatments included dicamba only and mixtures with herbicides and adjuvants. Dicamba mixed with lecithin + methyl soybean oil + ethoxylated alcohol adjuvant had the greatest efficacy potential among treatments considering tank-mixture pH, surface tension, contact angle and droplet size. The MUG11003 nozzle produced the coarsest droplet size and was better suited for drift management among nozzle types. The proposed volatilization methodology successfully indicated dicamba volatilization in exposed soybean plants and among the evaluated treatments, it showed greater volatilization for dicamba with glyphosate + lecithin + propionic acid adjuvant.
Seasonal flow dynamics exacerbate overlap between artisanal fisheries and imperiled Ganges River dolphins
Authors: Paudel Shambhu , Koprowski John L. , Cove Michael V.
Published: November 2020

Here we quantify the effects of artisanal fisheries on the ecology of a small cetacean, the Ganges River dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica, GRD), in a large river system of Nepal. We examine the size-classes of fisheries’ catches, behavioural changes in GRD in response to fishing activities, and diel overlap between GRD and fishing activity. We observed high human exploitation rates (> 60% of the total catch per effort) of GRD-preferred prey sizes, indicating risks of high resource competition and dietary overlap, especially during the low water season when resource availability is reduced. Competitive interactions in the feeding niches during the low water season, plus temporal overlap between the peak exploitation and critical life-history events (e.g., reproduction), likely have ecological consequences. Furthermore, we detected 48% (95% CI 43–52%) increase in the chance of behavioural changes among dolphins exposed to anthropopressure (fishing activity), risking social behaviour impairment in exposed dolphins. The higher diel overlap and increased diel coefficient as the surveys progressed towards the monsoon season suggest temporal shifts in GRD socio-behavioural states and seasonal effects on resource partitioning, respectively. This work identifies drivers of small cetaceans-fisheries interactions and their consequences, and can be used to help reduce biologically significant fishing impacts on small cetaceans. Mitigation strategies, together with river sanctuary and distanced-based approaches, should be urgently included in a framework of ecosystem-based management.
A single bout of downhill running attenuates subsequent level running-induced fatigue
Authors: de Oliveira Assumpção Claudio , Barreto Renan Vieira , de Lima Leonardo Coelho Rabello , Cardozo Adalgiso Coscrato , de Lima Montebelo Maria Imaculada , Catarino Helen Reinhart Camargo , Greco Camila Coelho , Denadai Benedito Sergio
Published: November 2020

Fatigue can be defined as exercise-induced strength loss. During running, fatigue can be partially explained by repetitive low-intensity eccentric contractions-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Previous studies showed that a bout of downhill running (DR) attenuated subsequent EIMD. Thus, we tested if a 30-min DR bout would attenuate fatigue induced by subsequent 60-min level running (LR). Twenty-seven male college students were randomly allocated to an experimental (EXP) or a control (CON) group. All participants performed LR on a treadmill at 70% of the velocity (vVO2peak) corresponding to peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). Only EXP performed a 30-min DR (− 15%) on a treadmill at 70% vVO2peak fourteen days before LR. Indirect EIMD markers and neuromuscular function were assessed before, immediately and 48 h after DR and LR. Knee extension isometric peak torque (IPT) decreased (− 36.3 ± 26%, p < 0.05) immediately following DR with full recovery reached 48 h post-DR. Muscle soreness developed (p < 0.05) immediately (37 ± 25 mm) and 48 h (45 ± 26 mm) post-DR. IPT and rate of torque development (RTD) at late phases (> 150 ms) from the onset of muscle contraction decreased significantly (− 10.7 ± 6.1% and from − 15.4 to − 18.7%, respectively) immediately after LR for the CON group and remained below baseline values (− 5.6 ± 8.5% and from − 13.8 to − 14.9%, respectively) 48 h post-LR. However, IPT and late RTD were not significantly affected by LR for the EXP group, showing a group x time interaction effect. We concluded that a single DR bout can be used to attenuate fatigue induced by a LR performed fourteen days after.
Methanol synthesis over Cu/CeO2–ZrO2 catalysts: the key role of multiple active components
Authors: Zabilskiy Maxim , Ma Kaibo , Beck Arik , van Bokhoven Jeroen A.
Published: November 2020

Importance of well-dispersed copper species and well-developed ceria–zirconia surface during catalytic carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methanol.
Superior supercapacitor performance of Bi2S3 nanorod/reduced graphene oxide composites
Authors: Ghosh Kalyan , Srivastava Suneel Kumar
Published: November 2020

Application of Bi2S3 nanorod/RGO composites as high-performance supercapacitors.
The sinking behavior of micro–nano particulate matter for bisphenol analogues in the surface water of an ecological demonstration zone, China
Authors: Cai Yuanfei , Ren Jinghua , You Zijian , Liu Jianchao , Lu Guanghua , Li Yiping , Li Junfeng
Published: November 2020

Bisphenol analogues (BPs) have been widely used in industrial production as substitutes of bisphenol A (BPA).
Barium ion adduct mass spectrometry to identify carboxylic acid photoproducts from crude oil–water systems under solar irradiation
Authors: Zito Phoebe , Smith Donald F. , Cao Xian , Ghannam Rana , Tarr Matthew A.
Published: November 2020

Photochemistry plays a role in the dissolution of petroleum derived carboxylic acids.
Adsorption capacity of the corrosion products of nanoscale zerovalent iron for emerging contaminants
Authors: Deng Junmin , Bae Sungjun , Yoon Sunho , Pasturel Mathieu , Marsac Rémi , Hanna Khalil
Published: November 2020

Surface bound Fe(ii) on NZVI secondary minerals would affect the fate and mobility of quinolone antibiotics in the environment.
Structural characterization, erythrocyte protection, and antifatigue effect of antioxidant collagen peptides from tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica L.) skin
Authors: Ren Yao , Wu Hui , Chi Yuanlong , Deng Ruijie , He Qiang
Published: November 2020

Antifatigue effect, structural characterization, and erythrocyte protection of novel antioxidant collagen peptides from tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica L.) skin.
Correction: Turmeronol A and turmeronol B from Curcuma longa prevent inflammatory mediator production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, partially via reduced NF-κB signaling
Authors: Okuda-Hanafusa Chinatsu , Uchio Ryusei , Fuwa Arisa , Kawasaki Kengo , Muroyama Koutarou , Yamamoto Yoshihiro , Murosaki Shinji
Published: November 2020

Correction for ‘Turmeronol A and turmeronol B from Curcuma longa prevent inflammatory mediator production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, partially via reduced NF-κB signaling’ by Chinatsu Okuda-Hanafusa et al., Food Funct., 2019, 10, 5779–5788. DOI: 10.1039/C9FO00336C.
Hybrid perovskite crystallization from binary solvent mixtures: interplay of evaporation rate and binding strength of solvents
Authors: Shargaieva Oleksandra , Näsström Hampus , Smith Joel A. , Többens Daniel , Munir Rahim , Unger Eva
Published: November 2020

In this article, we rationalize chemical pathways and kinetics of hybrid perovskites crystallization from binary solvent mixtures based on solvent binding strength, evaporation rate model, and in situ GIWAXS monitoring.
A self-reinforcing and self-healing elastomer with high strength, unprecedented toughness and room-temperature reparability
Authors: Li Yuhan , Li Wenjuan , Sun Ailing , Jing Mengfan , Liu Xingjiang , Wei Liuhe , Wu Kai , Fu Qiang
Published: November 2020

A mechano-responsive strategy, known as strain-induced crystallization, is proposed to tailor room-temperature self-healing, highly mechanically-strong and unprecedentedly tough polyurethane elastomers.
Altered copper homeostasis underlies sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma to copper chelation
Authors: Davis Caroline I , Gu Xingxing , Kiefer Ryan M , Ralle Martina , Gade Terence P , Brady Donita C
Published: November 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver cancer, of which ∼800 000 new cases will be diagnosed worldwide this year, portends a five-year survival rate of merely 17% in patients with unresectable disease. This dismal prognosis is due, at least in part, from the late stage of diagnosis and the limited efficacy of systemic therapies. As a result, there is an urgent need to identify risk factors that contribute to HCC initiation and provide targetable vulnerabilities to improve patient survival. While myriad risk factors are known, elevated copper (Cu) levels in HCC patients and the incidence of hepatobiliary malignancies in Wilson disease patients, which exhibit hereditary liver Cu overload, suggests the possibility that metal accumulation promotes malignant transformation. Here we found that expression of the Cu transporter genes ATP7A, ATP7B, SLC31A1, and SLC31A2 was significantly altered in liver cancer samples and were associated with elevated Cu levels in liver cancer tissue and cells. Further analysis of genomic copy number data revealed that alterations in Cu transporter gene loci correlate with poorer survival in HCC patients. Genetic loss of the Cu importer SLC31A1 (CTR1) or pharmacologic suppression of Cu decreased the viability, clonogenic survival, and anchorage-independent growth of human HCC cell lines. Mechanistically, CTR1 knockdown or Cu chelation decreased glycolytic gene expression and downstream metabolite utilization and as a result forestalled tumor cell survival after exposure to hypoxia, which mimics oxygen deprivation elicited by transarterial embolization, a standard-of-care therapy used for patients with unresectable HCC. Taken together, these findings established an association between altered Cu homeostasis and HCC and suggest that limiting Cu bioavailability may provide a new treatment strategy for HCC by restricting the metabolic reprogramming necessary for cancer cell survival.
Thermal conductance between water and nm-thick WS2: extremely localized probing using nanosecond energy transport state-resolved Raman
Authors: Zobeiri Hamidreza , Hunter Nicholas , Wang Ridong , Liu Xinman , Tan Hong , Xu Shen , Wang Xinwei
Published: November 2020

Interfacial thermal conductance between a nm-thick suspended WS2 film and water is measured using a novel nET-Raman technique. By significantly reducing the effect of water thermal resistance, the interface resistance effect become more preeminent.
Self-assembling a natural small molecular inhibitor that shows aggregation-induced emission and potentiates antitumor efficacy
Authors: Chen Xiaona , Hu Zhen , Zhou Liqian , Zhang Fu , Wan Jianqin , Wang Hangxiang
Published: November 2020

Self-assembled dasatinib nanoparticles exhibited aggregation-induced emission with high antitumor activity.
Selective shortening of gold nanorods: when surface functionalization dictates the reactivity of nanostructures
Authors: Khelfa Abdelali , Meng Jun , Byun Caroline , Wang Guillaume , Nelayah Jaysen , Ricolleau Christian , Amara Hakim , Guesmi Hazar , Alloyeau Damien
Published: November 2020

We reveal how degradation kinetics and capping agents drive the selective shortening of gold nanorods in oxidative media.
Synthesis of vulcanite (CuTe) and metastable Cu1.5Te nanocrystals using a dialkyl ditelluride precursor
Authors: Robinson Evan H. , Dwyer Kaelyn M. , Koziel Alexandra C. , Nuriye Ahmed Y. , Macdonald Janet. E.
Published: November 2020

A unique ditelluride precursor enables nanoscale access to vulcanite nanosheets and metastable cube-like Cu1.5Te nanocrystals.
Structural elucidation, total synthesis, and cytotoxic activity of effphenol A
Authors: Liu Hongxin , Chen Shanchong , Zhang Xiao , Dong Chunmao , Chen Yuchan , Liu Zhaoming , Tan Haibo , Zhang Weimin
Published: November 2020

Effphenol A was isolated and elucidated through spectroscopic analysis together with single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments and further confirmed by the first biomimetic total synthesis.
Synthesis of substituted anilines via a gold-catalyzed three-component reaction
Authors: Ueda Hirofumi , Yamamoto Ryota , Yamaguchi Minami , Tokuyama Hidetoshi
Published: November 2020

A three-component reaction for the synthesis of substituted anilines by a gold(i)-catalyzed domino reaction was developed.
Facile sub-/supercritical water synthesis of nanoflake MoVTeNbOx-mixed metal oxides without post-heat treatment and their catalytic performance
Authors: Li Shuangming , Liu Yongwei , Fan Yaoxin , Lu Zixuan , Yan Yunong , Deng Luyao , Zhang Zhe , Yu Sansan
Published: November 2020

Nanoflake MoVTeNbOx prepared by sub-/supercritical water exhibit excellent catalytic performance in the selective oxidation of propylene to acrylic acid.
An organic–inorganic hybrid nanomaterial composed of a Dowson-type (NH4)6P2Mo18O62heteropolyanion and a metal–organic framework: synthesis, characterization, and application as an effective adsorbent for the removal of organic dyes
Authors: Hoseini Akram-Alsadat , Farhadi Saeed , Zabardasti Abedin , Siadatnasab Firouzeh
Published: November 2020

An MIL-101(Cr) metal–organic framework nanocomposite containing P2Mo18O626−polyanions was prepared and applied as an ultrafast adsorbent to remove organic dyes from water.
A mini-review on recent developments in SAPO-34 zeolite membranes and membrane reactors
Authors: Xu Jeff , Haw Kok-Giap , Li Zhan , Pati Subhasis , Wang Zhigang , Kawi Sibudjing
Published: November 2020

Schematic diagram of a SAPO-34 membrane for various gas separation.
Discovery of cryptic allosteric sites using reversed allosteric communication by a combined computational and experimental strategy
Authors: Ni Duan , Wei Jiacheng , He Xinheng , Rehman Ashfaq Ur , Li Xinyi , Qiu Yuran , Pu Jun , Lu Shaoyong , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2020

Using reversed allosteric communication, we performed MD simulations, MSMs, and mutagenesis experiments, to discover allosteric sites. It reproduced the known allosteric site for MDL-801 on Sirt6 and uncovered a novel cryptic allosteric Pocket X.
Recent progress in low dimensional (quasi-2D) and mixed dimensional (2D/3D) tin-based perovskite solar cells
Authors: Davy Malouangou Maurice , Jadel Tsiba Matondo , Qin Chen , Luyun Bai , Mina Guli
Published: November 2020

Low dimensional (quasi-2D) and mixed dimensional (2D/3D) halide perovskites have emerged in the field of perovskite solar cells.
Adhesion of a tape loop
Authors: Elder Theresa , Twohig Timothy , Singh Harmeet , Croll Andrew B.
Published: November 2020

In this work, we revisit experimentally and theoretically the mechanics of a sticky tape loop.
Role of soft-gel substrates on bouncing–merging transition in drop impact on a liquid film
Authors: Shin Soyoung , Li Minghao , Wu Xian , Saha Abhishek , Bae Jinhye
Published: November 2020

Understanding the impact of droplets on a liquid film resting on soft deformable substrates.
Boosting hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions on electrodeposited nickel electrodes via simultaneous mesoporosity, magnetohydrodynamics and high gradient magnetic force
Authors: Farmani Amir Ali , Nasirpouri Farzad
Published: November 2020

Efficient electrocatalytic water splitting (HER and OER) using electrodeposited mesoporous nickel electrodes, significantly improved by the magneto-hydrodynamic effect and high-gradient magnetic force, is demonstrated.
A carbon–silica–zirconia ceramic membrane with CO2 flow-switching behaviour promising versatile high-temperature H2/CO2 separation
Authors: Lawal Sulaiman Oladipo , Yu Liang , Nagasawa Hiroki , Tsuru Toshinori , Kanezashi Masakoto
Published: November 2020

Weak van der Waals forces between anisotropic carbon layers doped into a SiO2–ZrO2 matrix allow reversible pressure-induced switching of CO2 between monolayer and multilayer adsorption.
Ultrafine oxygen-defective iridium oxide nanoclusters for efficient and durable water oxidation at high current densities in acidic media
Authors: Yu Zhipeng , Xu Junyuan , Li Yifan , Wei Bin , Zhang Nan , Li Yue , Bondarchuk Oleksandr , Miao Hongwei , Araujo Ana , Wang Zhongchang , Faria Joaquim Luis , Liu Yuanyue , Liu Lifeng
Published: November 2020

Ultrafine IrOx nanoclusters are immobilized on a hydrothermally treated high-surface-area titanium current collector via a simple and cost-effective approach, showing outstanding performance for the oxygen evolution reaction at high current densities in acidic media.
Progress of 3D network binders in silicon anodes for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Preman Anjali N. , Lee Hyocheol , Yoo Jungwoo , Kim Il Tae , Saito Tomonori , Ahn Suk-kyun
Published: November 2020

This review summarizes the recent progress of 3D network binders in silicon anodes with focusing on diverse crosslinking methods, and proposes a rational design principle.
Surface and interface engineering of two-dimensional bismuth-based photocatalysts for ambient molecule activation
Authors: Chen Sha , Huang Danlian , Cheng Min , Lei Lei , Chen Yashi , Zhou Chengyun , Deng Rui , Li Bo
Published: November 2020

This review endeavors to reveal the inherent functionality of the surface and interface to the reactivity and selectivity of photocatalytic ambient molecule activation, with 2D Bi-based photocatalysts as the platform.
Incorporating quantum dots for high efficiency and stable perovskite photovoltaics
Authors: Chen Yuetian , Zhao Yixin
Published: November 2020

Enhancing bulk perovskite photovoltaics by integrating perovskites and metal chalcogenide quantum dots.
Synthesis, characterization and optimization of in vitro properties of NIR-fluorescent cyclic α-MSH peptides for melanoma imaging
Authors: von Kiedrowski Valeska , Hübner Ralph , Kail Dagmar , Cheng Xia , Schirrmacher Ralf , Wängler Carmen , Wängler Björn
Published: November 2020

Novel NIR-fluorescent cyclic α-MSH peptide conjugates targeting the MC1-receptor for melanoma imaging.
A review on hydroxyapatite coatings for the biomedical applications: experimental and theoretical perspectives
Authors: Awasthi Shikha , Pandey Sarvesh Kumar , Arunan E. , Srivastava Chandan
Published: November 2020

The production of hydroxyapatite (HAP) composite coatings has continuously been investigated for bone tissue applications during the last few decades due to their significant bioactivity and osteoconductivity.
The strategies of filament control for improving the resistive switching performance
Authors: Li Teng , Yu Hongliang , Chen Stephenie Hiu Yuet , Zhou Ye , Han Su-Ting
Published: November 2020

The recent developments of filament control in resistive switching devices including electrode optimization, switching layer optimization and channel design are reviewed.
Pyrolysis behaviors dominated by the reaction–diffusion mechanism in the fluorine-free metal–organic decomposition process
Authors: Shi Jiangtao , Zhao Yue , Wu Yue , Chu Jingyuan , Tang Xiao , Li Xiaohang , Yu Xin , Wu Wei , Jiang Guangyu , Suo Hongli , Jin Zhijian
Published: November 2020

In this work, pyrolysis behaviors dominated by the reaction–diffusion mechanism were investigated. And one-dimensional reaction–diffusion model is proposed.
A promising blue-emitting phosphor CaYGaO4:Bi3+ for near-ultraviolet (NUV) pumped white LED application and the emission improvement by Li+ ions
Authors: Fu Yubin , Xiong Puxian , Liu Xiaoqi , Wang Xiu , Wu Sheng , Liu Quan , Peng Mingying , Chen Yan
Published: November 2020

A promising blue-emitting phosphor CaYGaO4:Bi3+ for near-ultraviolet (NUV) pumped white LED application and the emission improvement by Li+ ion.
Multi-domain BNiT modification enhanced the piezoelectric properties of BNT-based lead-free thin films
Authors: Zhu Kun , Wu Shuanghao , Song Baijie , Ge Guanglong , Shi Yunjing , Xu Liuxue , Yan Hao , Shen Bo , Zhai Jiwei
Published: November 2020

From the perspectives of environmental protection and health, new lead-free piezoelectric materials have become a research hotspot in the field of materials science.
Highly enhanced UV-vis-NIR light harvesting and photoelectric conversion of a pyrene MOF by encapsulation of the D–π–A cyanine dye
Authors: Yang Xiao-Gang , Qin Jian-Hua , Huang Ya-Dan , Zhai Zhi-Min , Ma Lu-Fang , Yan Dongpeng
Published: November 2020

Through a facile ion exchange process, cyanine dye can be encapsulated into MOF nanochannels, largely extends the light-harvesting range to visible-light and NIR region, promotes photoelectric conversion performance 15 times higher than that of the pristine MOF.
Towards a traceable enhancement factor in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Cara Eleonora , Mandrile Luisa , Sacco Alessio , Giovannozzi Andrea M. , Rossi Andrea M. , Celegato Federica , De Leo Natascia , Hönicke Philipp , Kayser Yves , Beckhoff Burkhard , Marchi Davide , Zoccante Alberto , Cossi Maurizio , Laus Michele , Boarino Luca , Ferrarese Lupi Federico
Published: November 2020

Determination of the SERS enhancement factor through the challenging measurement of the molecular surface density by reference-free X-ray fluorescence.
A review on the development of lead-free ferroelectric energy-storage ceramics and multilayer capacitors
Authors: Zhang Haibo , Wei Tian , Zhang Qi , Ma Weigang , Fan Pengyuan , Salamon David , Zhang Shan-Tao , Nan Bo , Tan Hua , Ye Zuo-Guang
Published: November 2020

Typical lead-free energy storage systems and their performances for dielectric and multilayer capacitors over the last decade.
The Sun at millimeter wavelengths
Authors: Eklund Henrik , Wedemeyer Sven , Szydlarski Mikolaj , Jafarzadeh Shahin , Guevara Gómez Juan Camilo
Published: November 2020

Context.Solar observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) facilitate studies of the atmosphere of the Sun at chromospheric heights at high spatial and temporal resolution at millimeter wavelengths.

Aims.ALMA intensity data at millimeter(mm)-wavelengths are used for a first detailed systematic assessment of the occurrence and properties of small-scale dynamical features in the quiet Sun.

Methods.We analyzed ALMA Band 3 data (∼3 mm/100 GHz) with a spatial resolution of ∼1.4–2.1 arcsec and a duration of ∼40 min together with SDO/HMI magnetograms. The temporal evolution of the mm maps is studied to detect pronounced dynamical features, which then are connected to dynamical events via ak-means clustering algorithm. We studied the physical properties of the resulting events and explored whether or not they show properties consistent with propagating shock waves. For this purpose, we calculated observable shock wave signatures at mm wavelengths from one- and three-dimensional model atmospheres.

Results.We detect 552 dynamical events with an excess in brightness temperature (ΔTb) of at least ≥400 K. The events show a large variety in size up to ∼9″, amplitude ΔTbup to ∼1200 K with typical values in the range ∼450–750 K, and lifetime at full width at half maximum of ΔTbof between ∼43 and 360 s, with typical values between ∼55 and 125 s. Furthermore, many of the events show signature properties suggesting that they are likely produced by propagating shock waves.

Conclusions.There are a lot of small-scale dynamic structures detected in the Band 3 data, even though the spatial resolution sets limitations on the size of events that can be detected. The number of dynamic signatures in the ALMA mm data is very low in areas with photospheric footpoints with stronger magnetic fields, which is consistent with the expectation for propagating shock waves.
Pre-supernova evolution, compact-object masses, and explosion properties of stripped binary stars
Authors: Schneider F. R. N. , Podsiadlowski Ph. , Müller B.
Published: November 2020

The era of large transient surveys, gravitational-wave observatories, and multi-messenger astronomy has opened up new possibilities for our understanding of the evolution and final fate of massive stars. Most massive stars are born in binary or higher-order multiple systems and exchange mass with a companion star during their lives. In particular, the progenitors of a large fraction of compact-object mergers, and Galactic neutron stars (NSs) and black holes (BHs) have been stripped of their envelopes by a binary companion. Here, we study the evolution of single and stripped binary stars up to core collapse with the stellar evolution code MESA and their final fates with a parametric supernova (SN) model. We find that stripped binary stars can have systematically different pre-SN structures compared to genuine single stars and thus also different SN outcomes. These differences are already established by the end of core helium burning and are preserved up to core collapse. Consequently, we find that Case A and B stripped stars and single and Case C stripped stars develop qualitatively similar pre-SN core structures. We find a non-monotonic pattern of NS and BH formation as a function of CO core mass that is different in single and stripped binary stars. In terms of initial mass, single stars of ≳35 M⊙ all form BHs, while this transition is only at about 70 M⊙ in stripped stars. On average, stripped stars give rise to lower NS and BH masses, higher explosion energies, higher kick velocities, and higher nickel yields. Within a simplified population-synthesis model, we show that our results lead to a significant reduction in the rates of BH–NS and BH–BH mergers with respect to typical assumptions made on NS and BH formation. Therefore, our models predict lower detection rates of such merger events with for example the advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) than is often considered. Further, we show how certain features in the NS–BH mass distribution of single and stripped stars relate to the chirp-mass distribution of compact object mergers. Further implications of our findings are discussed with respect to the missing red-supergiant problem, a possible mass gap between NSs and BHs, X-ray binaries, and observationally inferred nickel masses from Type Ib/c and IIP SNe.
Necrosis volume and Choi criteria predict the response to endoscopic ultrasonography-guided HybridTherm ablation of locally advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Testoni Sabrina Gloria Giulia , Capurso Gabriele , Petrone Maria Chiara , Barbera Maurizio , Linzenbold Walter , Enderle Markus , Gusmini Simone , Nicoletti Roberto , Della Torre Emanuel , Mariani Alberto , Rossi Gemma , Archibugi Livia , De Cobelli Francesco , Reni Michele , Falconi Massimo , Arcidiacono Paolo Giorgio
Published: November 2020

Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided ablation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with HybridTherm-Probe (EUS-HTP) is feasible and safe, but the radiological response and ideal tool to measure it have not been investigated yet. The aims of this study were to: 1) assess the radiological response to EUS-HTP evaluating the vital tumor volume reduction rate, Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST1.1) and Choi criteria; 2) determine the prognostic predictive yield of these criteria.

Patients and methods A retrospective analysis was performed of patients with locally advanced PDAC after primary treatment or unfit for chemotherapy prospectively treated by EUS-HTP. Computed tomography scan was performed 1 month after EUS-HTP to evaluate: 1) vital tumor volume reduction rate (VTVRR) by measuring necrosis and tumor volumes through a computer-aided detection system; and 2) RECIST1.1 and Choi criteria.

Results EUS-HTP was feasible in 22 of 31 patients (71 %), with no severe adverse events. Median post-HTP survival was 7 months (1 – 35). Compared to pre-HTP tumor volume, a significant 1-month VTVRR (mean 21.4 %) was observed after EUS-HTP (P = 0.005). We identified through ROC analysis a VTVRR > 11.46 % as the best cut-off to determine post-HTP 6-month survival outcome (AUC = 0.733; sensitivity = 70.0 %, specificity = 83.3 %). This cut-off was significantly associated with longer overall survival (HR = 0.372; P = 0.039). According to RECIST1.1 and Choi criteria, good responders to EUS-HTP were 60 % and 46.7 %, respectively. Good responders according to Choi, but not to RECIST1.1, had longer survival (HR = 0.407; P = 0.04).

Conclusions EUS-HTP induces a significant 1-month VTVRR. This effect is assessed accurately by evaluation of necrosis and tumor volumes. Use of VTVRR and Choi criteria, but not RECIST 1.1 criteria, might identify patients who could benefit clinically from EUS-HTP.
Per-oral pancreatoscopy with intraductal lithotripsy for difficult pancreatic duct stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: McCarty Thomas R. , Sobani Zain , Rustagi Tarun
Published: November 2020

Background and study aims Per-oral pancreatoscopy (POP) with intraductal lithotripsy via electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) or laser lithotripsy (LL) facilitates optically-guided stone fragmentation of difficult pancreatic stones refractory to conventional endoscopic therapy. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of POP with intraductal lithotripsy for difficult pancreatic duct stones.

Methods Individualized search strategies were developed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. This was a cumulative meta-analysis performed by calculating pooled proportions with rates estimated using random effects models. Measured outcomes included pooled technical success, complete or partial stone fragmentation success, complete duct clearance after initial lithotripsy session, and adverse events (AEs).

Results Ten studies (n = 302 patients; 67.72 % male; mean age 55.10 ± 3.22 years) were included with mean stone size of 10.66 ± 2.19 mm. The most common stone location was in the pancreatic head (66.17 %). Pooled technical success was 91.18 % with an overall fragmentation success of 85.77 %. Single lithotripsy session stone fragmentation and pancreatic duct clearance occurred in 62.05 % of cases. Overall, adverse events were reported in 14.09 % of patients with post-procedure pancreatitis developing in 8.73 %. Of these adverse events, 4.84 % were classified as serious. Comparing POP-EHL vs POP-LL, there was no significant difference in technical success, fragmentation success, single session duct clearance, or AEs (P > 0.0500).

Conclusions Based on this systematic review and meta-analysis, POP with intraductal lithotripsy appears to be an effective and relatively safe procedure for patients with difficult to remove pancreatic duct stones.
High prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and injuries in third space endoscopists: an international multicenter survey
Authors: Han Samuel , Hammad Hazem T. , Wagh Mihir S.
Published: November 2020

Background and study aims Third space endoscopy (TSE), including per-oral endoscopic myotomy and endoscopic submucosal dissection, is technically challenging and physically demanding. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and types of musculoskeletal symptoms and injuries (MSI) in third space endoscopists and its impact on clinical practice.

Materials, Patients and methods A 22-item survey measuring endoscopist characteristics, procedure volumes, MSI, and its effect on clinical practice was distributed to endoscopists practicing TSE. Descriptive statistics were used to depict MSI. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors for MSI related to TSE.

Results The survey was completed by 45 of 110 endoscopists (40.9 %) who received the survey, representing 10 countries across four continents. Thirty-one (69 %) endoscopists reported current MSI with 71 % (n = 22/31) believing these began after starting TSE, and 48.9 % (22/45) reporting more symptoms after TSE compared to endoscopic ultrasound/endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Common MSI included the shoulders (42.2 %), back (37.8 %), neck (33.3 %), and wrist (24.4 %). Lower extremity MSI were also reported with foot symptoms (11.1 %) being most common. A minority required disability (2.2 %), change in endoscopy scheduling (6.7 %) or surgery (2.2 %). Only 15.6 % of endoscopists had received prior ergonomics training. Logistic regression revealed no significant predictors for MSI.

Conclusions Over two-thirds of endoscopists performing TSE suffer from MSI, with many reporting onset of their symptoms after starting TSE in their practice. Further studies are needed to understand and reduce the risk of MSI in TSE given the growing demand for these procedures and the potential long-term impact of this occupational hazard.
The concept of spin ice graphs and a field theory for their charges
Authors: Nisoli Cristiano
Published: November 2020

Originally detected in rare earth pyrochlores, spin ice physics is now being artificially extended to a variety of geometries that control collective behavior and exotic properties, making graph theory their proper framework. We relate spin ice notions, such as ice rule, ice manifold, Coulomb phases, charges, and monopoles, to graph-theoretical notions, such as balance, in/out-degrees, and Euler paths. We then propose a field-theoretical treatment in which topological charges and monopoles are the degrees of freedom, while the binary spins are subsumed in an entropic interaction among charges. We show that for a spin ice on a graph in a Gaussian approximation, the kernel of the entropic interaction is the inverse of the graph Laplacian, and we compute screening functions from the graph spectra as Green operators for the screened Poisson problem on a graph. We then apply the treatment to star graphs, tournaments, cycles, and regular spin ice in different dimensions. Our aim is twofold: to set spin ice physics in a proper graph setting, where only topological rather than geometrical notions hold, and to invite graph theorists to contribute their powerful tools to the field of spin ice.
Enhanced generation of sum frequency in an antiferromagnetic film covered by graphene
Authors: Liang Hong , Fu Shufang , Zhou Sheng
Published: November 2020

We proposed a sandwich structure made of an antiferromagnetic film (AF) embedded in two graphene layers for enhancing the generation of sum frequency (SF). Our numerical results show that a maximum of SF outputs as high as 72.9 W/cm2 can be achieved with the sandwich structure at μc = 0.25 eV, which are improved two orders of magnitude compared with the single AF. The obvious SF response of the proposed structure comes from the light localization of graphene on the upper or bottom surface and also from the interference effect in the AF. In addition, the position of SF outputs can be tuned by adjusting the external magnetic field strength. Finally, the sandwich structure can be easily built in experiment. Therefore, the results in this work may extend the applications of photoelectric devices in THz fields.
Temperature-dependent growth of topological insulator Bi2Se3 for nanoscale fabrication
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Cai Zixiu , Bu Haijun , Fei Fucong , Shah Syed Adil , Chen Bo , Rahman Azizur , Zhang Kangkang , Xie Faji , Song Fengqi
Published: November 2020

Topological insulators and their characteristics are among the most highly studied areas in condensed matter physics. Bi2Se3 nanocrystals were synthesized via chemical vapor deposition at different temperatures on a silicon substrate with a gold catalyst. The effects of temperature on the obtained Bi2Se3 nanocrystals were systematically investigated. The size and length of Bi2Se3 nanocrystals change when the temperature increases from 500 °C to 600 °C. We found that the crystallization quality of the Bi2Se3 nanocrystals synthesized at 560 °C is optimal. At this temperature, we can get the desired thickness and length of the nanocrystals, which is quite suitable for nanoscale fabrication.
Frequency comb generation threshold via second-harmonic excitation in

χ

(2) optical microresonators
Authors: Szabados Jan , Sturman Boris , Breunig Ingo
Published: November 2020

We investigate the threshold of χ(2) frequency comb generation in lithium niobate whispering gallery microresonators theoretically and experimentally. When generating a frequency comb via second-harmonic excitation, also commonly known as second-harmonic generation, the threshold for the onset of cascaded second-order processes leading to a comb is found to be ∼85 µW. The second-harmonic generation efficiency up to this value is in excellent agreement with a previously known theoretical framework. This framework is extended here, showing that the onset of cascaded χ(2) processes and the maximum of the second-harmonic generation efficiency coincide. The model introduced here allows us to determine the frequency comb generation threshold analytically. Furthermore, we observe that the frequency distance between the comb lines is a function of the pump power. It changes from four free spectral ranges at the oscillation threshold to one free spectral range at 590 µW.
Large-area optoelectronic-grade InSe thin films via controlled phase evolution
Authors: Bergeron Hadallia , Guiney Linda M. , Beck Megan E. , Zhang Chi , Sangwan Vinod K. , Torres-Castanedo Carlos G. , Gish J. Tyler , Rao Rahul , Austin Drake R. , Guo Silu , Lam David , Su Katherine , Brown Paul T. , Glavin Nicholas R. , Maruyama Benji , Bedzyk Michael J. , Dravid Vinayak P. , Hersam Mark C.
Published: November 2020

Indium monoselenide (InSe) is an emerging two-dimensional semiconductor with superlative electrical and optical properties whose full potential for high-performance electronics and optoelectronics has been limited by the lack of reliable large-area thin-film synthesis methods. The difficulty in InSe synthesis lies in the complexity of the indium-selenium phase diagram and inadequate understanding of how this complexity is manifested in the growth of thin films. Herein, we present a systematic method for synthesizing InSe thin films by pulsed laser deposition followed by vacuum thermal annealing. The controlled phase evolution of the annealed InSe thin films is elucidated using a comprehensive set of in situ and ex situ characterization techniques. The annealing temperature is identified as the key parameter in controlling phase evolution with pure thin films of InSe developed within a window of 325 °C to 425 °C. To exert finer stoichiometric control over the as-deposited InSe thin film, a co-deposition scheme utilizing InSe and In2Se3 pulsed laser deposition targets is employed to mitigate the effects of mass loss during annealing, ultimately resulting in the synthesis of centimeter-scale, thickness-tunable ε-InSe thin films with high crystallinity. The optimized InSe thin films possess a strong optoelectronic response, exhibited by phototransistors with high responsivities up to 103 A/W. Additionally, enhancement-mode InSe field-effect transistors are fabricated over large areas with device yields exceeding 90% and high on/off current modulation greater than 104, realizing a degree of electronic uniformity previously unattained in InSe thin-film synthesis.
Core-level shifts in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of arsenic defects in silicon crystal: A first-principles study
Authors: Yamauchi Jun , Yoshimoto Yoshihide , Suwa Yuji
Published: November 2020

We systematically investigated the arsenic (As) 3d core-level x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) binding energy and formation energy for As defects in silicon by first-principles calculation with a high accuracy of 0.1 eV by careful evaluation of the supercell size. For As, we adopt a pseudopotential with 3d states as the valence and the spherical hole approximation to ensure the convergence of self-consistent calculation for the XPS binding energy with large size systems. Some of the examined model defects have threefold coordinated As atoms. The XPS binding energies of these As atoms are distributed in the narrow region from −0.66 eV to −0.73 eV in neutral charge states. Such defects in negative charge states have a lower XPS binding energy by about 0.1 eV. From the XPS binding energy and electrical activity, negatively charged defects of a vacancy and two adjacent substitutional As atoms (As2V) are the most probable candidates for the experimentally observed peak at −0.8 eV called BEM from the reference substitutional As peak. Under the experimental condition, we find that As2V−,2− do not deeply trap electrons and are electrically inactive. We also demonstrate the surface effect that surface states near the bandgap decrease the XPS binding energy, which may generate defects with low binding energies similarly to the experimental peak at −1.2 eV called BEL.
In Situ MOF-Templating of Rh Nanocatalysts under Reducing Conditions
Authors: Lippi Renata , Coghlan Campbell J. , Howard Shaun C. , Easton Christopher D. , Gu Qinfen , Patel Jim , Sumby Christopher J. , Kennedy Danielle F. , Doonan Christian J.
Published: November 2020

Manganese-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) metalated with Rh were used as pre-catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation. Activated insitu (80% H2, 20% CO2, 350°C), the resulting templated catalysts displayed CO2 conversion of up to 20%, with CH4 as the main product. Used catalysts were compared with samples templated in 5% H2/Ar at 350°C using powder X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that under reducing atmosphere Rh0 nanoparticles formed and organic MOF components decomposed, which allowed growth of MnO or MnCO3 and the formation of a mesh of catalytic Rh0 nanoparticles.