bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Metals in Diverse Biochar Products: Effect of Feedstock Type and Pyrolysis Temperature
Authors: Alharbi Hattan A. , Alotaibi Khaled D. , EL-Saeid Mohamed H. , Giesy John P.
Published: January 2023

Biochar’s agricultural and environmental benefits have been widely demonstrated; however, it may cause environmental contamination if it contains large amounts of pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HMs). Therefore, this study aimed to assess the contents of PAHs and HM in a range of biochars generated from different sources and pyrolysis temperatures. A range of feedstock was converted to biochar, including sewage sludge (SS), olive mill pomace (OP), feather meal (FM), soft offal meal (CSM), chicken manure (CM), and date palm residues (DPR). Each feedstock was then pyrolyzed at three temperatures of 300, 500, or 700 °C, thereby producing a total of 18 types of biochar. These biochar products were analyzed for 16 PAHs and eight metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb). Benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and benzo(a)pyrene were significantly greater in the biochar produced at 700 °C than in that produced at 300 °C, especially for CM. The concentrations of dibenz(a,h)anthracene were significantly lower at 700 °C but greater at 500 °C and 300 °C in DPR. Increasing the pyrolysis temperature from 300 to 700 °C significantly increased the concentrations of metals, including Cr in SS and OP; Mn in CM; and Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn in SS. However, the concentration of Cd was significantly lower in the SS when biochar was produced at 700 °C than at 500 or 300 °C. The type of feedstock used and the pyrolysis temperature are key factors influencing the contents of PAHs and HMs in biochar, both of which need to be considered during the production and use of biochar. Further investigations are recommended to establish the relationships between pyrolysis temperature and types of feedstock and the formation of PAH or the concentrations of metals. Monitoring the concentrations of PAHs and HMs before applying biochar to soil is also recommended.
A Single-Group Study on the Effect of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Patients with Chronic Migraine Associated with Medication Overuse Headache: Pain Catastrophizing Plays a Role
Authors: Grazzi Licia , Montisano Danilo Antonio , Rizzoli Paul , Guastafierro Erika , Marcassoli Alessia , Fornari Arianna , Raggi Alberto
Published: January 2023

Pain catastrophizing and cutaneous allodynia are commonly altered in patients with chronic migraine associated with medication overuse headache (CM-MOH) and tend to improve in parallel with clinical improvement. The relation between pain catastrophizing and cutaneous allodynia is poorly understood in patients with CM-MOH receiving OnabotulinumtoxinA therapy. In this single-arm open-label longitudinal observational study, patients with CM-MOH were assigned to structured withdrawal and then administered OnabotulinumtoxinA (5 sessions on a three-month basis, 195 UI per 31 sites). Headache frequency, medication intake, disability, impact, cutaneous allodynia and pain catastrophizing were evaluated with specific questionnaires. In total, 96 patients were enrolled and 79 completed the 12-month follow-up. With the exclusion of cutaneous allodynia and the magnification subscale of the pain catastrophizing questionnaire, all variables showed significant improvement by the sixth month, which was maintained at 12 months. Reduction of pain catastrophizing, and particularly of its helplessness subscale, was a significant predictor of reduction in headache frequency and medication intake. Pain catastrophizing is often implicated in the clinical improvement in patients with CM-MOH receiving behavioral treatments, but, in this study, also showed a role in patients receiving OnabotulinumtoxinA; combining OnabotulinumtoxinA and behavioral treatments specifically addressing pain catastrophizing might further enhance patients’ clinical outcome.
Tests of Charge–Parity Symmetry and Lepton Flavor Conservation in the Top Quark Sector
Authors: Chen Kai-Feng , Goldouzian Reza
Published: January 2023

The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics is the most general renormalizable theory which is built on a few general principles and fundamental symmetries with the given particle content. However, multiple symmetries are not built into the model and are simply consequences of renormalizabilty, gauge invariance, and particle content of the theory. It is crucial to test the validity of these types of symmetries and related conservation laws experimentally. The CERN LHC provides the highest sensitivity for testing the SM symmetries at high energy scales involving heavy particles such as the top quark. In this article, we are going to review the recent experimental searches of charge–parity and charged-lepton flavor violation in the top quark sector.
TMPRSS2 Is Essential for SARS-CoV-2 Beta and Omicron Infection
Authors: Metzdorf Kristin , Jacobsen Henning , Greweling-Pils Marina C. , Hoffmann Markus , Lüddecke Tatjana , Miller Felicitas , Melcher Lars , Kempf Amy M. , Nehlmeier Inga , Bruder Dunja , Widera Marek , Ciesek Sandra , Pöhlmann Stefan , Čičin-Šain Luka
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic remains a global health threat and novel antiviral strategies are urgently needed. SARS-CoV-2 employs the cellular serine protease TMPRSS2 for entry into lung cells, and TMPRSS2 inhibitors are being developed for COVID-19 therapy. However, the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, which currently dominates the pandemic, prefers the endo/lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin L over TMPRSS2 for cell entry, raising doubts as to whether TMPRSS2 inhibitors would be suitable for the treatment of patients infected with the Omicron variant. Nevertheless, the contribution of TMPRSS2 to the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the infected host is largely unclear. In this study, we show that the loss of TMPRSS2 strongly reduced the replication of the Beta variant in the nose, trachea and lung of C57BL/6 mice, and protected the animals from weight loss and disease. The infection of mice with the Omicron variant did not cause disease, as expected, but again, TMPRSS2 was essential for efficient viral spread in the upper and lower respiratory tract. These results identify the key role of TMPRSS2 in SARS-CoV-2 Beta and Omicron infection, and highlight TMPRSS2 as an attractive target for antiviral intervention.
Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematous in COVID-19 Era
Authors: Lupu Ancuta , Miron Ingrith Crenguta , Gavrilovici Cristina , Raileanu Anca Adam , Starcea Iuliana Magdalena , Ioniuc Ileana , Azoicai Alice , Mocanu Adriana , Butnariu Lacramioara Ionela , Dragan Felicia , Lupu Vasile Valeriu
Published: January 2023

Pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disorder with a highly variable course and prognosis. It results in functional abnormalities in the immune system due to intrinsic factors and the use of immunosuppressive therapies associated with underlying comorbidities seem to increase the risk of severe COVID-19 and poor outcomes of the disease in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. The aim of this review is to obtain a better understanding of the existing link between this new viral infection and pediatric lupus. We have analyzed the characteristics of newly diagnosed cases of pediatric SLE following COVID-19 which have been reported in the literature and which describe the impact that COVID-19 has on patients already suffering with pediatric SLE.
Monkeypox (MPOX)-Related Knowledge and Vaccination Hesitancy in Non-Endemic Countries: Concise Literature Review
Authors: Lounis Mohamed , Riad Abanoub
Published: January 2023

In May 2022, the world witnessed the emergence of human monkeypox (MPOX), a new zoonotic viral disease in multiple non-endemic countries. This health threat has been associated with increased anxiety, especially after the COVID-19 catastrophe. In addition, people are exposed to an unprecedented amount of information, making them vulnerable to misinformation that may lead to embracing conspiracy theories. This literature review was conducted to evaluate the levels of MPOX-related knowledge and attitudes toward its vaccination by reviewing studies indexed in MEDLINE® until 15 November 2022. A total of 16 studies conducted in non-endemic countries were included in this review, predominantly in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. Nine studies investigated exclusively MPOX-related knowledge and awareness, and two studies were exclusively related to MPOX vaccines, while five studies dealt with both topics. The target populations were mainly healthcare professionals and the general adult population. The results revealed an unsatisfactory level of knowledge and awareness among certain groups. Regarding vaccination, the results showed that vaccine hesitancy is still common for healthcare professionals except among Chinese healthcare professionals, where the rate of vaccine acceptance was estimated at 90.1%. This review could help understand the MPOX-related knowledge and awareness and vaccine hesitancy in the first months of the emergence of the MPOX by comparing their evolution in recent studies.
Vaccination Failures in Pigs—The Impact of Chosen Factors on the Immunisation Efficacy
Authors: Augustyniak Agata , Pomorska-Mól Małgorzata
Published: January 2023

Infectious diseases that often lead to economic losses still pose a severe problem in the pig production sector. Because of increasing restrictions on antibiotic usage, vaccines may become one of the major approaches to controlling infectious diseases; much research has proved that they could be very efficient. Nevertheless, during their life, pigs are exposed to various factors that can interfere with vaccination efficacy. Therefore, in the present paper, we reviewed the influence of chosen factors on the pig immunisation process, such as stress, faecal microbiota, host genetics, the presence of MDAs, infections with immunosuppressive pathogens, and treatment with antibiotics and mycotoxins. Many of them turned out to have an adverse impact on vaccine efficacy.
Acknowledgment to the Reviewers of Veterinary Sciences in 2022
Authors:   Veterinary Sciences Editorial Office
Published: January 2023

High-quality academic publishing is built on rigorous peer review [...]
Evaluating the Effect of Preventative Trimming on Distance from the Sole Surface to the Distal Phalanx Using Ultrasonography for Lameness Prevention in Pasture-Based Dairy Cows
Authors: Werema Chacha W. , Laven Linda J. , Mueller Kristina R. , Laven Richard A.
Published: January 2023

One common management strategy used to reduce the risk of lameness is prophylactic claw trimming. However, in pasture-based cattle, there is a concern that the immediate reduction in sole thickness resulting from sole trimming will lead to medium-to-long-term reductions in sole thickness, which may increase the risk of lameness. Nevertheless, there is a lack of data on sole thickness and trimming in pasture-based cows. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of trimming on sole thickness over the medium-to-long term, as estimated using the ultrasound-measured distance from the external claw sole surface to the distal phalanx (DDP) and of DDP on the interval between calving and increased locomotion scores. A total of 38 cows were randomly selected from a 940-cow spring calving dairy farm in the North Island of New Zealand; 18 were allocated to the ultrasound hoof-trimming group and 20 were allocated to the ultrasound non-trimming group. Starting in May 2018, at the end of the 2017/18 lactation, ultrasound measurements of DDP of the right hind hoof were made on all 38 cows, and the hindlimbs of the trimming group cows were trimmed by an experienced professional hoof trimmer using the five-step Dutch method. This was repeated in October 2018 (early lactation) and May 2019 (late lactation). After calving, the cows were locomotion scored fortnightly until the end of lactation using the 4-point (0–3) scale DairyNZ system. The effect of DDP on the interval between calving and the first locomotion scores ≥1 and ≥2 was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models, and the association between trimming and DDP was explored using linear mixed models. The results suggest that DDP has no effect on the time to locomotion scores ≥1 or ≥2, although the wide confidence intervals of the latter suggest that more data are needed before any definitive conclusions can be drawn. The study failed to find any clinically important impact of prophylactic trimming on DDP. This is likely related to the finding that cows with the highest DDP at the first trimming were identified by the hoof trimmer as those needing the most trimming. The results of this study thus suggest that if the Dutch five-step method is properly applied, it is unlikely to affect sole thickness over the short-to-medium term in pasture-based cattle.
On Sources of Damping in Water-Hammer
Authors: Vardy Alan E.
Published: January 2023

Various potential causes of damping of pressure waves in water-hammer-like flows are discussed, with special attention being paid to their qualitative influences on measured pressure histories. A particular purpose is to highlight complications encountered when attempting to interpret causes of unexpected behaviour in pipe systems. For clarity, each potential cause of damping is considered in isolation even though two or more could exist simultaneously in real systems and could even interact. The main phenomena considered herein are skin friction, visco-elasticity, bubbly flows and porous pipe linings. All of these cause dispersive behaviour that can lead to continual reductions in pressure amplitudes. However, not all are dissipative and, in such cases, the possibility of pressure amplification also exists. A similar issue is discussed in the context of fluid–structure interactions. Consideration is also given to wavefront superpositions that can have a strong influence on pressure histories, especially in relatively short pipes that are commonly necessary in laboratory experiments. For completeness, attention is drawn towards numerical damping in simulations and to a physical phenomenon that has previously been wrongly cited as a cause of significant damping.
Acknowledgment to the Reviewers of Zoonotic Diseases in 2022
Authors:   Zoonotic Diseases Editorial Office
Published: January 2023

High-quality academic publishing is built on rigorous peer review [...]
Relevance of antihistamines in the treatment of bronchial asthma
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Shnaider Ksenia O. , Maksimov Maksim L. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia; Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, Baranova Valeria A. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2023

Asthma is a chronic disease of the bronchi: causing swelling and spasms of the mucous membrane, it provokes respiratory disorders and asthma attacks. This disease significantly affects the quality of human life, is included in the list of the 20 most common chronic pathologies among the population. Worldwide, about 300 million people suffer from asthma, and this number is projected to increase to 400 million by 2025. Since the first-line therapy is glucocorticosteroid, characterized by the presence of a large number of undesirable effects on drugs, the question of finding an alternative way to treat asthma is quite significant today. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of antihistamines in the treatment of asthma. Materials and methods. We identified potentially relevant studies by searching the electronic databases MEDLINE, SCOPUS, PubMed, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews over the last 5 years up to November 2022 using the terms: antihistamines, asthma, allergic rhinitis, efficacy, therapy, adverse effects, sedative antihistamines, second generation antihistamines, clinical trials, bronchospasm, histamine. Further, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as independent selection, all the authors of this article selected sources that met the criteria and compiled this review. Results. Therapy of bronchial asthma in combination with allergic rhinitis with antihistamines is effective, and since allergic rhinitis is a frequent comorbidity in cronchial asthma, in view of their associated pathogenesis, antihistamines can be considered quite effective in the treatment of certain types of asthma.
Modern problems of predicting public health indicators and approaches to it (review)
Authors:   FSBSI N. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, Moscow, Russia, Zagoruichenko A. A. , Karpova O. B. ,   FSBSI N. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2023

The article discusses current approaches to predicting public health indicators in Russia and different countries of the world community. The theoretical basis for such an analysis included scientific publications, statistical indicators, and data from various news agencies. The authors used such methods as comparative analysis, experience study and generalization, and bibliographic method. Considering current demographic trends, the results of this study are particularly significant, which can be used by health authorities in the development and formation of new programs and guidelines at the regional level.
La historiografía de la participación de libres en las guerras serviles tardorrepublicanas
Authors: Piantanida Fernando Martín
Published: January 2023

El presente artículo es un estudio historiográfico de cómo los historiadores modernos (de los siglos XIX-XXI) han abordado la participación de personas libres en las guerras serviles de la tardía República romana. Su objetivo consiste en reconstruir, analizar y clasificar la investigación histórica consagrada al tema. Se argumenta que este último se constituye en un problema historiográfico relevante para la comprensión moderna de las antiguas revueltas durante el siglo pasado, fundamentalmente a partir de la década de 1930 con los planteos de los historiadores soviéticos sobre los “programas” de los rebeldes. Sin embargo, se muestra que ya los autores decimonónicos habían advertido la participación de libres e incluso, en algunos casos, destacando su importancia y definiendo su relación con los esclavos rebeldes en términos de “causa común”. La historiografía occidental de los siglos XX y XXI ha tomado varios caminos interpretativos con respecto a dicha cuestión: reparar en ella como un asunto importante de las rebeliones si bien no modifica su calificación de serviles; juzgarla absolutamente marginal y, en consecuencia, descuidarla; o jerarquizarla de manera tal de concebir las revueltas principalmente como levantamientos provinciales contra la dominación romana. Finalmente, se proponen algunos criterios para clasificar la historiografía sobre este objeto de estudio.
Relation of spatial grasp paradigm to philosophical and psychological concepts
Authors:   Institute of Mathematical Machines and Systems Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sapaty P.S.
Published: January 2023

The paper follows practical works on the creation of the first citywide computer networks in Kyiv (Ukraine) which have been integrating different institutes of the National Academy of Sciences and other organizations from the end of the sixties, well before the internet. These works resulted in a new management concept and distributed control methodology and technology, originally called WAVE, which were further developed and demonstrated in different countries in the areas like network management, industry, social systems, collective robotics, military command and control, crisis management, national and international security, defense, distributed simulation, space-based systems, and many others. The current paper analyses the relation of the developed Spatial Grasp Model, resultant Spatial Grasp Language (SGL), and Spatial Grasp Technology (SGT) to some higher-level psychological and philosophical concepts. By providing the basics of SGL and SGT and details of their implementation, it discusses the possible relation of these concepts to some gestalt theory laws like the Law of Proximity, Law of Good Gestalt, and Law of Figure and Ground. The paper also shows how to organize a sort of distributed and global awareness under SGT on an example of a dynamic swarm of chasing units, which can provide the increased operational capability of the swarm and be practically used for the organization of collective behaviour of multiple robot units exploring unknown and harsh environments. The paper mentions how SGT may relate to higher mental concepts like perception, consciousness, and even soul. It also shows relations of SG concept and its implementation to the pattern theory, with pattern considered as a fundamental and universal concept in many areas of human activity, which actually stands in opposition to the terms of logic.
Software implementation of the enterprise protection system
Authors:   State University of Trade and Economics, Kraskevich V.E. , Yurchenko Yu.Yu. ,   State University of Trade and Economics
Published: January 2023

The article proposes the implementation of a specific information system for ensuring the in-formation security of the enterprise. The peculiarities of the international standard ISO/IEC-15408, which is a methodology of tasks, assessments and a catalog of IT security requirements have been studied and analyzed. The specifics of the application of general security criteria have been defined and the use of Active Directory services has been proposed as an example of the implementation of General Criteria at the enterprise. The advantages of the Active Directory service in comparison with the Workgroup have been determined. Step-by-step construction of a fault-tolerant enterprise data protection system has been offered. A feature of the proposed system is the fault tolerance of the directory service, which is ensured by deploying servers – domain controllers in each domain. The article defines the main tasks of the proposed data pro-tection system, including the comprehensive coverage of management functions, the efficiency of use of computer and telecommunications equipment and software, and the adaptability of the functional and instrumental structure of the system to the features of the managed object. The proposed complex data protection system consists of a number of interconnected components. A mandatory component of setting up a comprehensive protection system is the organization of a backup system for critical databases, which includes planning a backup schedule for various servers. To manage access rights, user groups have been added, taking into account the specifics of the company's work, and setting policies makes it possible to limit access to data on the company's file servers in accordance with different levels of access to information. The imple-mentation of research materials into the practice of solving applied tasks aimed at implement-ing a data protection system at enterprises has been confirmed by acts of practical application at the enterprise Medical Center Consilium Medical LLC.
Impact of Oil Prices on Consumer Spending: Evidence from Malaysia
Authors: Butt Shamaila , Ramakrishnan Suresh , Chohan Muhammad Ali
Published: January 2023

The main aim of this study is to examine the impact of oil prices on consumer spending. This study highlights the theoretical underpinning of the literature that focuses on the impact of oil prices on consumer spending in the context of Johor Bahru, Malaysia. In this study, the semi-structured interview was used to collect data from the general consumers. The consumer selection was based on the convenience sampling and survey questionnaires were distributed to 35 respondents in Johor Bahru. In addition, the data was collected from 30 respondents for feedback, and used 25 responses on the basis of complete information for analysis. Further, this study used the thematic analysis. The findings highlighted that the change in oil price have high impact on the lower and middle-income group consumers. On the other hand, high-income group consumers have little impact on the consumer spending. Furthermore, results of the study have important implications for future practice. It provides policy direction and practical implications to the organizations, consumers, and researchers. Based on research, the main focuses should be on the improvement of living standards of the average consumers as the oil prices influence on consumer spending to highlight their spending behavior. The coronavirus pandemic worsened the consumer spending all over the world (World Data Bank, 2020). Therefore, for future research work, it would be interesting to do research on plunge in oil prices and consider the measures implemented by Malaysian governments as lockdown are expected to reduce the consumer spending of Malaysian economy in 2020.
Pluralistic Society and Pragmatic Interpretation of Law
Authors:   LAW RESEARCH INSTITUTE CHUNGBUK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Kim Changhee
Published: January 2023

In a pluralistic society, law interpreters, such as judges, also have various value ideas. If the text of the law is not unilateral, the interpretations will inevitably be various depending on the interpreters' personal belief in goodness. When there is hate speech, there is no general standard for determining whether the speech exceeds the limits of freedom of expression under the Constitution, whether it meets the requirements for defamation under the criminal law, or tort under the civil law.
Would it be okay for judges to draw a conclusion according to their own values? Values are inevitably subjective, and all judges have different values. Sometimes, opposite judgments are pronounced on similar cases, causing confusion in the legal life of citizens, and some citizens are dissatisfied with the judgment and resist it. In a pluralistic society facing such difficulties, pragmatism is attractive.
Legal pragmatism is the idea of interpreting and applying the law to produce the best results by accepting philosophical pragmatism. Legal pragmatism does not talk about the fundamental values that exist at the root of the case and cannot be agreed upon, but emphasizes only the consequences of legal judgment. Such a judgment may be questionable and regretful to intellectually mature citizens, but it does not attack the fundamental values they have in their hearts. This is because it show sincerity to provide practical solutions to specific issues that have arisen in reality, while reserving conclusions on fundamental values.
This study examines how philosophical pragmatism can affect the interpretation of law, and how pragmatism is embodied in concrete case judgments in the United States and Korea.
Policy Trends of Major Overseas Countries in the US-China Technological Supremacy Competition and Korea's Plan to Build a Stable Global Supply Chain
Authors:   LAW RESEARCH INSTITUTE CHUNGBUK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Ahn Keon-Hyung
Published: January 2023

The development of high technology has even changed the traditional concept of security. As economic issues are included in the traditional concept of security, it has come to mean that securing competitiveness in advanced technology will take over economic security hegemony.
Accordingly, the competition for hegemony between the United States and China is expanding from a trade war to a technology war and further to an all-out war over the legitimacy of values and systems. This competition for technological hegemony between the United States and China has a direct impact on Korea as well.
Under these circumstances, this paper carefully examines the technology hegemony policies of the United States and China in Chapter Ⅱ, and reviews the response policies of major advanced countries such as the EU, Japan, and Canada among resource rich countries in Chapter Ⅲ. Then it derives implications for Korea to build a stable global supply chain in semiconductors, electric vehicles, batteries, and materials (including critical minerals) in Chapter Ⅳ, and finally presents countermeasures to the implications derived from the review and analysis above in Chapter Ⅴ.
Synthetic Biology and Civil Responsibility
Authors:   LAW RESEARCH INSTITUTE CHUNGBUK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Lee Jae Mok , Kim Hyeon Su
Published: January 2023

This paper deals with issues related to the concept and characteristics of synthetic biology(engineering biology), its usefulness and risks, the regulation and management of risks, and the relief of damages caused by the manifestation of risks. In particular, civil liability issues that may arise in the course of synthetic biology research and its industrialization were reviewed.
Due to the nature of synthetic biology, it is realistically impossible to prevent all damages incurred in the process even if the operator of the technology fulfills the duty of care in operation. Damage relief through the application of the general illegal liability provisions and the Product Liability Act based on the principle of negligence liability cannot be an effective means due to the difficulty of proof, the limited scope of application, and the possibility of exemption through defense of development risks. It may also be considered to reduce the victim's burden of proof through interpretative theories such as presumption of negligence and shifting the burden of proof.
However, in the field of high-level science and technology, it can harm legal stability because there are considerable difficulties in proving fault and making judgments.
Damages caused by risks inherent in synthetic biology technology should be compensated through laws of risk liability. In the course of research and technical operation of synthetic biology, a person who controls and manages a risk source (Gefahrquelle) is liable for damages even if he or she is not at fault in the event that the risk materializes and infringes on the legal interests of others, which is consistent with the idea of fairness. Due to the nature of synthetic biology and genetic engineering, unlike product liability, the defense of development risk is excluded, but the assumption of causal relationship must be acknowledged. Regarding the establishment of the maximum amount of liability, considering the structure of the Damages Compensation Act, which takes the principle of limited compensation, it is judged that it is right not to limit it.
No legislation has been enacted on risk management and regulation related to synthetic biology. In the LMO Act, there is no provision for liability for damages. Right now, it can be said that it is realistic to establish new regulations in the LMO. In addition to enhancing global industrial competitiveness through the use of synthetic biology technology, it is also a challenge to respond to legislation related to risk management, regulation, and damage relief.
The Study on IPR Issues Surrounding Uses of NFTs in Metaverse
Authors:   LAW RESEARCH INSTITUTE CHUNGBUK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Park Kyoung-Shin
Published: January 2023

As the establishment of a new digital economy and industrial ecosystem in the virtual world due to the combination of metaverse and NFT is drawing great attention, uses of NFTs on various metaverse platforms such as games and entertainment are increasing. In particular, as the metaverse era, in which the real world and the virtual world are combined and interacted through realistic technology, is in full swing, interest in NFT, which acts as a digital asset in the metaverse, is expected to increase. NFT is necessary to support the economic system in the virtual world and accordingly, and accordingly legal issues surrounding uses of NFTs in metaverse are also emerging. In particular, it is difficult to track the identity of the seller or buyer of NFT that can be used on the metaverse due to the nature of the blockchain that presupposes anonymity. In addition, the current intellectual property system alone has limitations in protecting intellectual property rights related to various contents created and NFTized on the metaverse. As various intellectual property issues surrounding created and used in Metaverse are being raised, a comprehensive review is needed, such as revising related laws considering the technical characteristics of metaverse, establishing clear interpretation standards in policy support and service provision. In this regards, this article addresses major IPR issues surrounding uses of NFTs in metaverse, focusing on the scope of the protection of contents NFTized and used in metaverse and infringement of IP rights in the metaverse.
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Lecture
Authors: Ю.В. Алексеенко,
Published: January 2023

Легкие черепно-мозговые повреждения в структуре травматических поражений головного мозга составляют примерно 60–95%. Они нередко вызывают диагностические затруднения, что объясняется скоротечностью симптомов, субъективным характером клинических проявлений, различной доступностью нейровизуализации. Цель настоящей публикации – систематизировать современные представления о легких черепно-мозговых повреждениях для повышения надежности их диагностики и оптимизации ведения пострадавших в том числе специалистами общей врачебной практики. Анализ литературы и результаты собственных исследований показывают, что надежность распознавания легких черепно-мозговых повреждений основывается на учете характерного механизма травмы, выявлении и определении временных параметров нарушения сознания и памяти в острейшем периоде травмы, скорейшего применения методов нейровизуализации для исключения более тяжелых вариантов поражения мозга. Некоторые рекомендации по лечению пострадавших с легкой черепно-мозговой травмой до сих пор имеют эмпирический характер и требуют дополнительных исследований. Вместе с тем известен ряд факторов, которые могут влиять на процесс восстановления после травмы и определяют значительные вариации в сроках лечения и ограничения трудоспособности пострадавших. Особого внимания требуют ситуации с наличием у пострадавших с легкой черепно-мозговой травмой сопутствующего алкогольного опьянения или развития эпилептического синдрома.

Mild traumatic brain injuries in the structure of traumatic brain lesions account for ap- proximately 60–95%. Their diagnosis is often difficult, due to the subjective nature and reversible character of the main clinical manifestations, and the different availability of neuroimaging. The purpose of this publication is to clarify modern approaches to the diagnosis and management of mild traumatic brain injuries to improve the reliability and accuracy of early diagnosis especially in general medical practice. Recent publications and results of our own observations show us that the accuracy of diagnosing of mild traumatic brain injuries is based on establishing the specific mechanism of trauma, accurate assess- ment of consciousness and memory disorders in the first few days after the accident, and the early use of neuroimaging methods to exclude more severe variants of brain damage. Some recommendations for the treatment of patients with mild traumatic brain injury are still uncertain and will require additional research from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine. At the same time, many factors are known that can affect the recovery pro- cess after the trauma and determine significant variations in the terms of treatment and disability of the patients. Special attention should be paid to clinical situations with the presence of concomitant alcohol intoxication or the development of epileptic syndrome in patients with mild traumatic brain injury.
New Clinical Bayes Syndrome: Definitions, Epidemiology and Clinical Significance
Authors: Т.Г. Вайханская, , А.В. Фролов,
Published: January 2023

Байес синдром – это новый клинический симптомный фенотип, характеризующийся сочетанием далеко зашедшей межпредсердной блокады (МПБ), регистрируемой на поверхностной электрокардиограмме, с предсердными тахиаритмиями (фибрилляция или трепетание предсердий). Этот синдром связан с повышенным риском инсульта, деменции и смертности. МПБ 3-й степени представляет собой полную блокаду пучка Бахмана, приводящую к ретроградной деполяризации левого предсердия, что сопровождается расширением зубца Р более 120 мс и двухфазной морфологией P-волны в нижних отведениях ЭКГ. Анатомическим субстратом МПБ является фиброз предсердий, приводящий к изменению структуры и электромеханической дисфункции предсердий (предсердная кардиомиопатия), к застою крови и гиперкоагуляции, потенциально приводящих к запуску тромбогенного каскада. Диссинхрония активации предсердий, вызваннаяМПБ, также является триггерным и поддерживающим механизмом фибрилляции предсердий (ФП). Однако МПБ с предсердной дилатацией даже у пациентов без документального подтверждения предсердных тахиаритмий (по данным многоцентровых исследований) ассоциируются с ФП, инсультом, деменцией и смертностью. Поэтому у пациентов с МПБ рекомендован активный поиск эпизодов ФП с целью своевременного превентивного назначения антикоагулянтов.

Bayes syndrome is a new clinical symptomatic phenotype characterized by the combination of advanced interatrial block (IAB) on a surface electrocardiogram with atrial tachyarrhythmias (atrial fibrillation or flutter). This syndrome is associated with an increased risk of stroke, dementia, and mortality. Advanced IAB is a complete Bachmann bundle block resulting in retrograde depolarization of the left atrium, accompanied by P-wave prolongation of more than 120 ms and biphasic P-wave morphology in the inferior ECG leads. The anatomical substrate of IAB is atrial fibrosis, which leads to changes in the structure and electromechanical dysfunction of the atria (atrial cardiomyopathy), to blood stasis and hypercoagulation with a potential triggering off thrombogenic cascade. Atrial activation dyssynchrony caused by IAB is the trigger and supporting mechanism of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, IAB with atrial dilatation, even in patients without documented evidence of atrial tachyarrhythmias (according to multicenter studies), is associated with AF, stroke, dementia, and mortality. Therefore, in patients with IAB, an active AF search is recommended in order to prescribe preventive anticoagulants.
Global Anglican, Global Evangelical: The Paths That Led to Stott’s Lasting Influence
Authors: Meynell Mark
Published: January 2023

John Stott (1921–2011) had a unique influence in the global church despite being associated with only one church (All Souls, Langham Place) and never moving far from central London throughout his life. This article explores the contributory factors behind his reach and influence. KEYWORDS: Evangelicalism, Anglicanism, Lausanne Movement, International Fellowship of Evangelical Students (IFES), integral mission, preaching
Reminiscences of Packer
Authors: Poythress Vern S.
Published: January 2023

This is a short contribution KEYWORDS:
Ussher and Early Modern Anglicanism in Ireland
Authors: Perkins Harrison
Published: January 2023

This essay argues that the Church of Ireland in the early modern period was a Reformed expression of Anglicanism by investigating a few events in the life and ministry of James Ussher, the Archbishop of Armagh. First, it looks at Ussher’s contributions to the Church of Ireland’s burgeoning Reformed identity by recounting his debate with a well-known Jesuit theologian, which substantiated his vigorously Protestant outlook, and his involvement in composing the Irish Articles of 1615. Second, it looks at how he later attempted to defend Reformed theology in the Church of Ireland from Arminianizing impositions from the Church of England. Finally, it presents an upcoming release of Ussher’s never-before- published lectures in theology, which provide a fresh perspective on his Reformed identity. KEYWORDS: James Ussher, Reformed Conformity, Irish Articles, Church of Ireland, Irish Protestantism
VIDEO PRODUCTION DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Aziz Fakhrul Anuar , Razak Muhammad Amzar Danial , Ahmad Jasni
Published: January 2023

The spread of the COVID-19 has affected numerous industries throughout the globe, and these industries must adapt to these changes in order to sustain themselves. One of the industries that is affected greatly from this pandemic is the video production industry as it limits communications and mobility to produce a video due to the COVID-19 safety guidelines which causes some production works to be delayed or cancelled due to multiple restrictions that comes with this event. In order to overcome these limitations several methods can be done. This research is done to discuss on how video production is possible to be produce in times of COVID-19 pandemic despite the restrictions. This topic will discuss regarding the standard video production process which are pre-production, production, and post-production and how it is adapted during the pandemic with the limitations present. The video production that will be the focus of this research is the production of a documentary titled “My Reasons: For Coming to Malaysia” which was produced during the pandemic. It will discuss on how the idea came about, the planning, the talent recruitment, and the production. This research hopefully will be able to explain on how the video production industries can overcome the hindrances that was caused by this unfortunate event through adapting and creating new solutions by utilizing other alternatives that allows the flow of production to run smoothly.
CONSIDERATIONS ON HEMP STALK HARVESTING USING SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT
Authors: POPA Lorena-Diana , ZAICA Ana , NEDELCU Ancuta , ZAICA Alexandru , MATEI Gheorghe , NAIE Margareta , RĂDEANU Georgiana , PRECUPEANU Cristina
Published: January 2023

Within the current hemp cultivation technologies, the use of high-performance technical equipment is required for all applied works, and following the concerns regarding diversified and efficient ways of harvesting, INMA Bucharest has created and experimented an innovative technical equipment for harvesting and tying the stalks into sheaves. In order to demonstrate the efficiency of this equipment, the paper presents the experimental results obtained by INMA Bucharest regarding hourly fuel consumption and fuel consumption per hectare. These energetic indices are important in the evaluation of expenses per surface unit, constituting the basis of the economic efficiency evaluation. At the same time, at ARDS Secuieni, in 2021, research was carried out on the influence of the cuttings application and different sowing norms on the agro-productive capacity of the Ratza monoecious hemp variety for stalks and fibre. The obtained results constitute premises in order to optimize some technological links of cultivation at hemp for stalks and fibre, but they also confirmed the fact that fuel consumption per hectare recorded at hemp stalks harvesting was influenced both by the technical characteristics of the equipment used and by the characteristics of the experimented crop.
The influence of digital distribution on the innovative sustainable development of education in Ukraine
Authors:   Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University, Dubel Mykhailo
Published: January 2023

Under digital distribution, the author proposes to understand the process of selling digital goods and services through the use of digital sales channels. The influence of digital distribution on the development of education in Ukraine consists in providing the opportunity to obtain access to the necessary information.
Orientation and size effects on phonon thermal conductivity in silicon/germanium multilayer structures
Authors: Khamets Alexander L. , Khaliava Ivan I. , Safronov Igor V. , Filonov Andrew B. , Migas Dmitri B.
Published: January 2023

We study the effect of morphology on the in- and cross-plane phonon thermal conductivity of the (001), (110), and (111) oriented Si/Ge multilayer films by means of non-equilibrium molecular dynamics at 300 K. The extended comparison of the estimated values for the multilayer films to one for the appropriate homogeneous Si and Ge films has been performed. The results revealed a significant advantage in reducing the thermal conductivity of the Si/Ge multilayer films compared to the referenced homogeneous Ge and Si films for the cross-plane transport regardless of the film orientation, and for the in-plane transport only for (001)/

1
¯

10

,

(110)/[001] directions with an increase in the number of periods, which indicated the prospects of such layered structures.
Persistent spin helix on a diamond surface
Authors: Kadarisman Hana Pratiwi , Yamaguchi Naoya , Ishii Fumiyuki
Published: January 2023

Using first-principles calculations, we determine the impact of hydroxyl (OH) termination on the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) coefficient and spin texture of diamond surfaces. The persistent spin helix (PSH) state is revealed in the OH-terminated diamond (111) surface. The value of coefficient PSH α
PSH was 14.2 meV·Å, which is larger than that of the zinc-blende n-type quantum well of GaAs/AlGaAs. The large α
PSH is caused by the asymmetric charge density distribution near the surface rather than the size of the atomic SOC. The large α
PSH will ensure the wavelength of PSH (λ

PSH
), which will aid in the miniaturization of spintronic devices.
A Study on Customers’ Expectations towards Purchase of Smartphones in India: with Reference to Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors:   P.V.P. Siddhartha Institute of Technology, India, Dokku Srinivasa Rao , C Rajesh ,   PB Siddhartha College of Arts & Science, India, Lakshmi P. Adi ,   P.V.P. Siddhartha Institute of Technology, India
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of the research study is to determine Indian consumers' expectations regarding the purchase of cell phones. The survey addresses issues like what characteristics customers look for in a smartphone before purchasing a mobile phone, what the anticipated price of a smartphone is, etc. Research methodology: 250 respondents from Andhra Pradesh, India, were taken into account for the study utilizing Google forms. Excel and SPSS software were used to analyze the data. For the data analysis in the study, percentages and the chi-square test was utilized. Results: The use of smartphones has substantially increased recently. In the two years following their purchase, the majority of respondents in the selected location upgraded their smartphones. When buying new cell phones, the client prioritizes brand, pricing, camera, internal storage, and battery. The custodians prioritize using the internet to find information such as reviews, prices, models, and the availability of new models. According to the report, consumers anticipate paying less than Rs. 10,000 and expect a smartphone with 4GB RAM, a 48MP camera, 68GB of internal memory, and a battery that can hold more than 5000aMh. Limitations: The study has considered only 250 respondents by using Google Forms. Contribution: The study will assist the companies that make mobile devices in developing their pricing and other sales strategies as well as understanding how customers view the purchase of new mobile devices. Keywords: 1. Smartphone 2. Customers 3. Expectations 4. Buying Behavior 5. India
Narrativa e narrazione
Authors: Coletti Vittorio
Published: January 2023

Una lettrice ci scrive da qualche tempo le capita di sentire usare la voce narrativa in luogo di narrazione: si tratta dell’influenza dell’inglese narrative o i due termini possono essere “interscambiabili”?