bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A potential biocontrol agent Streptomyces tauricus XF for managing wheat stripe rust
Authors: Jia Ruimin , Xiao Keyu , Yu Ligang , Chen Jing , Hu Lifang , Wang Yang
Published: April 2023

Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a devastating disease threatening global wheat production. Biocontrol by beneficial microorganisms is considered an alternative to synthetic fungicide applications. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms involved in the biocontrol of wheat stripe rust by streptomycetes. A streptomycete strain XF, isolated from the rhizospheric soil of peony, was identified as Streptomyces tauricus based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis. We determined the inhibitory effect of XF on Pst and biocontrol effect on the disease using XF fermentation filtrate (FL) and actinomycete cell suspension (AC). Results revealed that FL inhibited urediniospore germination by up to 99% and rendered a lethality rate of 61.47% against urediniospores. Additionally, crude extract of ethyl acetate phase of FL caused cytoplasm releases from urediniospores and the deformation of germ tubes. Furthermore, histochemical analyses revealed that treatments of plants with AC and FL increased reactive oxygen species, inhibited haustorium formation, and reduced the biomass of Pst in leaves. Electron microscopy showed that XF mycelium was able to colonize the leaf surface. Moreover, gene expression assays revealed that AC and FL treatments induced the expression of a number of pathogenesis-related genes in wheat leaves. Besides, in the greenhouse experiments, the control effects of AC and FL reached 65.48% and 68.25%, respectively. In the field, application of XF fermentation broth significantly reduced the disease indices of stripe rust by 53.83%. These findings suggest that XF is a potential biocontrol agent for managing wheat stripe rust disease.
Agaricus subrufescens fermented rye affects the development of intestinal microbiota, local intestinal and innate immunity in suckling-to-nursery pigs
Authors: Wen Caifang , Geervliet Mirelle , de Vries Hugo , Fabà Lluís , den Hil Petra J. Roubos-van , Skovgaard Kerstin , Savelkoul Huub F. J. , Schols Henk A. , Wells Jerry M. , Tijhaar Edwin , Smidt Hauke
Published: April 2023

Background

Agaricus subrufescensis considered as one of the most important culinary-medicinal mushrooms around the world. It has been widely suggested to be used for the development of functional food ingredients to promote human health ascribed to the various properties (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities). In this context, the interest inA. subrufescensbased feed ingredients as alternatives for antibiotics has also been fuelled during an era of reduced/banned antibiotics use. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a fermented feed additive -rye overgrown with mycelium (ROM) ofA. subrufescens—on pig intestinal microbiota, mucosal gene expression and local and systemic immunity during early life. Piglets received ROM or a tap water placebo (Ctrl) perorally every other day from day 2 after birth until 2 weeks post-weaning. Eight animals per treatment were euthanized and dissected on days 27, 44 and 70.

Results

The results showed ROM piglets had a lower inter-individual variation of faecal microbiota composition before weaning and a lower relative abundance of proteobacterial genera in jejunum (UndibacteriumandSolobacterium)and caecum (IntestinibacterandSuccinivibrionaceae_UCG_001) on day 70, as compared to Ctrl piglets. ROM supplementation also influenced gut mucosal gene expression in both ileum and caecum on day 44. In ileum, ROM pigs showed increased expression of TJP1/ZO1 but decreased expression of CLDN3, CLDN5 and MUC2 than Ctrl pigs. Genes involved in TLR signalling (e.g., TICAM2, IRAK4 and LY96) were more expressed but MYD88 and TOLLIP were less expressed in ROM pigs than Ctrl animals. NOS2 and HIF1A involved in redox signalling were either decreased or increased in ROM pigs, respectively. In caecum, differentially expressed genes between two groups were mainly shown as increased expression (e.g., MUC2, PDGFRB, TOLLIP, TNFAIP3 and MYD88) in ROM pigs. Moreover, ROM animals showed higher NK cell activation in blood and enhanced IL-10 production in ex vivo stimulated MLN cells before weaning.

Conclusions

Collectively, these results suggest that ROM supplementation in early life modulates gut microbiota and (local) immune system development. Consequently, ROM supplementation may contribute to improving health of pigs during the weaning transition period and reducing antibiotics use.
The promising guide to LC–MS analysis and cholinesterase activity of Luffa cylindrica (L.) fruit using in vitro and in-silico analyses
Authors: Singh S. Ankul , Vellapandian Chitra
Published: April 2023

Background

Luffa cylindrica (L.) is an annual climbing plant that produces fibrous fruit and can also be used as a vegetable in northern parts of India. Various studies have been carried out on the plant and found to have anti-inflammatory, antifungal, analgesic, anti-myocardial, anti-hyper triglyceride, immunostimulant, anti-allergic, and other properties. The ethanolic extract of the Luffa cylindrica (L.) fruit has not yet been subjected to LC–MS analysis for several bioactive chemicals that target neurological diseases. Oxidative stress is an inevitable situation in AD mechanisms and is a key bridge connecting various AD pathways.

Results

Luffa cylindrica contains various phytochemicals and showed highest alkaloid content of 21.39 ± 1.47 mg of AE/g. A total of 80 compounds were identified in the ethanolic extract from LC–MS analysis. The bioactive compounds were screened for eligibility by Lipinski's rule of five for docking with receptors responsible for causing oxidative stress-associated Alzheimer's disease. Perlolyrine was chosen to perform in-silico docking. An in vitro activity of cholinesterase showed highest inhibition at 500 µg/ml. In-silico docking of perlolyrine showed better binding affinity and score. Results revealed that out of 10 docked receptors, amyloid beta showed the highest binding affinity with an energy of − 46.1 kcal/mol showing promising drug for Alzheimer's disease.

Conclusion

Based on current findings, the study reports the presence of a promising, bioactive compound (perlolyrine) and in turn provides an optimistic note in exploring its biological activity in vivo with oxidative stress-related Alzheimer's disease.
Statistical analysis of crash data and impact of COVID-19 on road crashes in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Mhetre Krantikumar V. , Thube Aruna D.
Published: April 2023

This study analyzes crash data from 2016 to 2020 on a National Highway in Maharashtra, India. The impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the road crashes of the study area is presented, and recommendations to improve road safety are proposed. The crash data is collected from the “National Highways Authority of India, Kolhapur” from 2016 to 2020, and the information is classified into three scenarios: Before Lockdown, After Lockdown, and Strict Lockdown. The crash data is analyzed under three scenarios for seven different classifications followed by their sub-classifications. The time-wise analysis of crash data is performed in four-time slots, namely 00:00–05:59 AM, 06:00–11:59 AM, 12:00–17:59 PM, and 18:00–23:59 PM. The season-wise analysis of crash data is performed in three seasons: Summer, Monsoon, and Winter.

The crashes that occurred on 2-lane-straight roads having T-junction are more than 90% in all three scenarios. The significant factors responsible for crashes are “Head-on collision,” “Vehicle out of control,” and “Overspeeding.” Most crashes (more than 36%) occurred between 12:00 and 17:59 PM and in the Summer season (more than 42%) in all three scenarios. The crashes in the COVID-19 “Strict Lockdown” scenario witnessed a fall of 254.55% compared to 2019 and 2018. Surprisingly, there was a rise of 137.5% and a fall of 127.27% in crashes of the COVID-19 2020 “Strict Lockdown” scenario, compared to 2017 and 2016, respectively. The crashes under the sub-classifications “Right angle collision” and “Fatal” increased in 2020 compared to the previous 4 years due to the impact of COVID-19.
The relationship between blood–brain barrier dysfunction and neurocognitive impairments in first-episode psychosis: findings from a retrospective chart analysis
Authors: Maurus Isabel , Wagner Sarah , Campana Mattia , Roell Lukas , Strauss Johanna , Fernando Piyumi , Muenz Susanne , Eichhorn Peter , Schmitt Andrea , Karch Susanne , Pogarell Oliver , Engel Rolf R. , Falkai Peter , Hasan Alkomiet , Wagner Elias
Published: April 2023

Background

Even before the onset of psychotic symptoms, individuals with schizophrenia display cognitive impairments. Simultaneously, increasing amounts of individuals exhibit dysfunction of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). However, the impact of BBB dysfunction on neurocognitive impairment in people with first-episode psychosis has not yet been investigated.

Aims

To advance understanding of said relationship, we considered one of the largest first-episode psychosis cohorts with cerebrospinal fluid parameters available, and investigated whether BBB dysfunction is related to working memory, working speed and attention.

Method

We conducted a retrospective chart review of 121 in-patients diagnosed with a first episode of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Patients underwent neurocognitive testing and a lumbar puncture within routine clinical care. To define BBB dysfunction, albumin cerebrospinal fluid/serum quotients, immunoglobulin G ratios and oligoclonal band types were evaluated, and gender-specific differences investigated. Neurocognitive functioning was assessed by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Test of Attentional Performance and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. We performed simple and multiple linear regression analyses to interpret associations of interest.

Results

Of those tested, 16% showed an alteration in albumin quotients and 12% had an oligoclonal band type indicating BBB dysfunction. Notably, male patients were more likely to have an increased albumin quotient and a higher immunoglobulin G ratio than female patients. We found no significant association between BBB dysfunction and neurocognitive assessments.

Conclusions

The hypothesised relationship between BBB and neurocognitive impairments was not detectable in our retrospective cohort. Further cerebrospinal fluid-based studies with a longitudinal assessment of cognitive functioning and disease trajectory are urgently needed.
Accessing psychological therapies following self-harm: qualitative survey of patient experiences and views on improving practice
Authors: Quinlivan Leah , Gorman Louise , Monaghan Elizabeth , Asmal Sadika , Webb Roger T. , Kapur Nav
Published: April 2023

Background

Psychological therapies following an episode of self-harm should happen quickly to ensure patients receive the care they need and to reduce the likelihood of repetition.

Aims

We sought to explore patients' subjective experience of accessing psychological therapies following self-harm and their views on improving practice.

Method

Between March and November 2019, we recruited 128 patients and 23 carers aged 18 years or over from 16 English mental health trusts, from community organisations and via social media. Thematic analyses were used to interpret the data.

Results

Participants reported long waiting times, multiple failed promises and rejection when trying to access psychological therapies following self-harm. Poor communication and information provision contributed to uncertainty, worsening mental health and further self-harm. Other barriers included: lack of tailored interventions, stigmatising responses, use of exclusionary thresholds to access services, and punitive approaches to treating these patients. Participant recommendations to improve access to psychological therapies included: (a) the importance of compassionate and informed staff; (b) having timely access to aftercare from well-funded and well-resourced teams; (c) continuity of care, improved communication, and support during waiting times and while navigating the referral process; (d) greater information on the availability and benefits of psychological therapies; and (e) greater choice and flexibility over interventions.

Conclusion

Our findings identify long waiting times and inadequate service provision as barriers to high-quality and safe aftercare for patients who have self-harmed. Consistent with clinical guidelines, all patients should receive prompt aftercare and access to tailored psychological treatments following a self-harm episode.
Precision Oncology Core Data Model to Support Clinical Genomics Decision Making
Authors: Botsis Taxiarchis , Murray Joseph C. , Ghanem Paola , Balan Archana , Kernagis Alexander , Hardart Kent , He Ting , Spiker Jonathan , Kreimeyer Kory , Tao Jessica , Baras Alexander S. , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan , Canzoniero Jenna , Anagnostou Valsamo ,   The Johns Hopkins Molecular Tumor Board Investigators, Pratilas Christine , Xian Rena R. , Gocke Christopher D. , Lin Ming-Tseh , Halper-Stromberg Eitan , Zou Ying , Olayinka-Kamson David , Schreck Karisa , Grossman Stuart , Fiallos Katie , Petry Dana , Visvanathan Kala , Wolff Antonio , Santa-Maria Cesar , Nunez Raquel , Meyer Christian , Laterra John , Sterns Vered , Smith Karen L. , Armstrong Deborah , Karchin Rachel , Karaindrou Katerina , Zandi Lily , Majcherska-Agrawal Marta , Too Faith , Dobs Adrian S. , Moore Joan , Pindzola Ander , Akunyili Ikechukwu , Fatteh Maria , Lehman Jennifer
Published: April 2023

PURPOSE

Precision oncology mandates developing standardized common data models (CDMs) to facilitate analyses and enable clinical decision making. Expert-opinion–based precision oncology initiatives are epitomized in Molecular Tumor Boards (MTBs), which process large volumes of clinical-genomic data to match genotypes with molecularly guided therapies.

METHODS

We used the Johns Hopkins University MTB as a use case and developed a precision oncology core data model (Precision-DM) to capture key clinical-genomic data elements. We leveraged existing CDMs, building upon the Minimal Common Oncology Data Elements model (mCODE). Our model was defined as a set of profiles with multiple data elements, focusing on next-generation sequencing and variant annotations. Most elements were mapped to terminologies or code sets and the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR). We subsequently compared our Precision-DM with existing CDMs, including the National Cancer Institute's Genomic Data Commons (NCI GDC), mCODE, OSIRIS, the clinical Genome Data Model (cGDM), and the genomic CDM (gCDM).

RESULTS

Precision-DM contained 16 profiles and 355 data elements. 39% of the elements derived values from selected terminologies or code sets, and 61% were mapped to FHIR. Although we used most elements contained in mCODE, we significantly expanded the profiles to include genomic annotations, resulting in a partial overlap of 50.7% between our core model and mCODE. Limited overlap was noted between Precision-DM and OSIRIS (33.2%), NCI GDC (21.4%), cGDM (9.3%), and gCDM (7.9%). Precision-DM covered most of the mCODE elements (87.7%), with less coverage for OSIRIS (35.8%), NCI GDC (11%), cGDM (26%) and gCDM (33.3%).

CONCLUSION

Precision-DM supports clinical-genomic data standardization to support the MTB use case and may allow for harmonized data pulls across health care systems, academic institutions, and community medical centers.
Association of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Changes in Patterns of Cancer-Related Mortality in the United States
Authors: Zhao Jingxuan , Han Xuesong , Miller Kimberly D. , Zheng Zhiyuan , Nogueira Leticia , Islami Farhad , Jemal Ahmedin , Yabroff K. Robin
Published: April 2023

PURPOSE

This study examined changes in patterns of cancer-related deaths during the first year of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in the United States.

METHODS

We identified cancer-related deaths, defined as deaths attributable to cancer as the primary cause (underlying cause) or deaths with cancer documented as one of the multiple contributing factors (contributing cause) from the Multiple Cause of Death database (2015-2020). We compared age-standardized cancer-related annual and monthly mortality rates for January-December 2020 (first pandemic year) to January-December 2015-2019 (prepandemic) overall and stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, urban rural residence, and place of death.

RESULTS

We found that the death rate (per 100,000 person-years) with cancer as the underlying cause was lower in 2020 compared with 2019 (144.1 v 146.2), continuing the past trend observed in 2015-2019. By contrast, the death rate with cancer as a contributing cause was higher in 2020 than in 2019 (164.1 v 162.0), reversing the continuously decreasing trend from 2015 to 2019. We projected 19,703 more deaths with cancer as a contributing cause than expected on the basis of historical trends. Mirroring pandemic peaks, the monthly death rates with cancer as a contributing cause first increased in April 2020 (rate ratio [RR], 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.04), subsequently declined in May and June 2020, and then increased again each month from July through December 2020 compared with 2019, with the highest RR in December (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.08).

CONCLUSION

Death rates with cancer as the underlying cause continued to decrease in 2020 despite the increase in death rates with cancer as a contributing cause in 2020. Ongoing monitoring of long-term cancer-related mortality trends is warranted to assess effects of delays in cancer diagnosis and receipt of care during the pandemic.
Path integral solutions for Klein-Gordon particle with position-dependent mass in deformed Hulthén potential
Authors: Sadoun M. A.
Published: April 2023

The Green's function for a Klein-Gordon particle with position-dependent mass under the action of vector plus scalar q-deformed Hulthén potentials is evaluated by exact path integration. From the singularities of the latter Green's function, the bound states are extracted. For

, the analytic expression of the energy spectrum and the normalized wave functions for the l states are obtained within the framework of an approximation to the centrifugal term. Particular cases of these potentials are also discussed briefly and it is found that the obtained results are in good agreement with those obtained in the literature.
Diagnosis and Management of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Sharrief Anjail
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVE

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a common neurologic condition that contributes to considerable mortality and disability because of its impact on ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke risk and dementia. While attributes of the disease have been recognized for over two centuries, gaps in knowledge remain related to its prevention and management. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge for CSVD.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS

CSVD can be recognized by well-defined radiographic criteria, but the pathogenic mechanism behind the disease is unclear. Hypertension control remains the best-known strategy for stroke prevention in patients with CSVD, and recent guidelines provide a long-term blood pressure target of less than 130/80 mm Hg for patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, including those with stroke related to CSVD. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is the second leading cause of intracerebral hemorrhage and may be increasingly recognized because of newer, more sensitive imaging modalities. Transient focal neurologic episodes is a relatively new term used to describe “amyloid spells.” Guidance on distinguishing these events from seizures and transient ischemic attacks has been published.

ESSENTIAL POINTS

CSVD is prevalent and will likely be encountered by all neurologists in clinical practice. It is important for neurologists to be able to recognize CSVD, both radiographically and clinically, and to counsel patients on the prevention of disease progression. Blood pressure control is especially relevant, and strategies are needed to improve blood pressure control for primary and secondary stroke prevention in patients with CSVD.
Cervical Artery Dissection
Authors: Salehi Omran Setareh
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVE

Cervical artery dissection is a common cause of stroke in young adults. This article reviews the pathophysiology, etiology and risk factors, evaluation, management, and outcomes of spontaneous cervical artery dissection.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS

Cervical artery dissection is believed to be a multifactorial disease, with environmental factors serving as possible triggers in patients who have a genetic predisposition to dissection formation. Cervical artery dissection can cause local symptoms or ischemic events, such as ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Neuroimaging is used to confirm the diagnosis; classic findings include a long tapered arterial stenosis or occlusion, dissecting aneurysm, intimal flap, double lumen, or intramural hematoma. Patients with cervical artery dissection who present with an acute ischemic stroke should be evaluated for IV thrombolysis, endovascular therapy eligibility, or both. Antithrombotic therapy with either anticoagulation or antiplatelet treatment is used to prevent stroke from cervical artery dissection. The risk of recurrent ischemia appears low and is mostly limited to the first two weeks after symptom onset.

ESSENTIAL POINTS

Cervical artery dissection is a known cause of ischemic strokes. Current data show no difference between the benefits and risks of anticoagulation versus antiplatelet therapy in the acute phase of symptomatic extracranial cervical artery dissection, thereby supporting the recommendation that clinicians can prescribe either treatment. Further research is warranted to better understand the pathophysiology and long-term outcomes of cervical artery dissection.
The Transformation of Documenting and Coding for Neurologic Hospital Inpatient and Observation Services
Authors: Villanueva Raissa , Busis Neil A. , Cohen Bruce H. , Ciccarelli Luana
Published: April 2023

Landmark changes to documenting and coding for office or other outpatient evaluation and management (E/M) codes were implemented on January 1, 2021. To decrease clinicians’ administrative burden, many documentation requirements were eliminated. In addition, major changes were made in how medical decision making and time spent on the date of the encounter are used to determine the level of service. On January 1, 2023, these changes were extended to inpatient and observation E/M services. The level of service in both inpatient and outpatient settings can now be selected based on the total time dedicated to the patient’s care on the day of the encounter or the new method of medical decision making. This article discusses the optimal ways to document and code for inpatient hospital and observation encounters after January 1, 2023.
Dynamic localization of the Na+-HCO3− co-transporter NBCn1 to the plasma membrane, centrosomes, spindle and primary cilia
Authors: Severin Marc , Pedersen Emma Lind , Borre Magnus Thane , Axholm Ida , Christiansen Frederik Bendix , Ponniah Muthulakshmi , Czaplinska Dominika , Larsen Tanja , Pardo Luis Angel , Pedersen Stine Falsig
Published: April 2023

Finely tuned regulation of transport protein localization is vital for epithelial function. The Na+-HCO3− co-transporter NBCn1 (also known as SLC4A7) is a key contributor to epithelial pH homeostasis, yet the regulation of its subcellular localization is not understood. Here, we show that a predicted N-terminal β-sheet and short C-terminal α-helical motif are essential for NBCn1 plasma membrane localization in epithelial cells. This localization was abolished by cell–cell contact disruption, and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and proximity ligation (PLA) revealed NBCn1 interaction with E-cadherin and DLG1, linking it to adherens junctions and the Scribble complex. NBCn1 also interacted with RhoA and localized to lamellipodia and filopodia in migrating cells. Finally, analysis of native and GFP-tagged NBCn1 localization, subcellular fractionation, co-IP with Arl13B and CEP164, and PLA of NBCn1 and tubulin in mitotic spindles led to the surprising conclusion that NBCn1 additionally localizes to centrosomes and primary cilia in non-dividing, polarized epithelial cells, and to the spindle, centrosomes and midbodies during mitosis. We propose that NBCn1 traffics between lateral junctions, the leading edge and cell division machinery in Rab11 endosomes, adding new insight to the role of NBCn1 in cell cycle progression.
Cdc42 prevents precocious Rho1 activation during cytokinesis in a Pak1-dependent manner
Authors: Onwubiko Udo N. , Kalathil Dhanya , Koory Emma , Pokharel Sahara , Roberts Hayden , Mitoubsi Ahmad , Das Maitreyi
Published: April 2023

During cytokinesis, a series of coordinated events partition a dividing cell. Accurate regulation of cytokinesis is essential for proliferation and genome integrity. In fission yeast, these coordinated events ensure that the actomyosin ring and septum start ingressing only after chromosome segregation. How cytokinetic events are coordinated remains unclear. The GTPase Cdc42 promotes recruitment of certain cell wall-building enzymes whereas the GTPase Rho1 activates these enzymes. We show that Cdc42 prevents early Rho1 activation during fission yeast cytokinesis. Using an active Rho probe, we find that although the Rho1 activators Rgf1 and Rgf3 localize to the division site in early anaphase, Rho1 is not activated until late anaphase, just before the onset of ring constriction. We find that loss of Cdc42 activation enables precocious Rho1 activation in early anaphase. Furthermore, we provide functional and genetic evidence that Cdc42-dependent Rho1 inhibition is mediated by the Cdc42 target Pak1 kinase. Our work proposes a mechanism of Rho1 regulation by active Cdc42 to coordinate timely septum formation and cytokinesis fidelity.
Critical Environmental Limits for Human Thermoregulation in the Context of a Changing Climate
Authors: Vecellio Daniel J. , Cottle Rachel M. , Wolf S. Tony , Kenney W. Larry
Published: April 2023

Human-caused climate change has increased the average temperature of the Earth by over 1°C since the 19th century with larger increases expected by 2100 because of continued human influence. This change in mean ambient temperature has had nonlinear effects, resulting in more high-temperature extremes (i.e., heat waves) that have increased in frequency, duration, and magnitude. Additional occurrences of humid heat waves have significantly affected human health because of the physiological strain associated with a relative inability for evaporative cooling. Inability to efficaciously cool the body, whether during passive heat exposure or physical activity, not only leads to elevated core temperatures but also places strain on the cardiovascular system, often exacerbating age-related comorbidities. As part of the Pennsylvania State University–Human Environmental Age Thresholds Project, a progressive environmental strain protocol has been developed to determine critical environmental limits—combinations of ambient temperature and humidity—associated with uncompensable heat stress and intractable rises in core temperature. These human heat balance thresholds, well below those originally theorized by climatologists, have been surpassed in recent heat waves and could be exceeded on a more regular basis in the future, providing additional impetus to the urgency for adaptative measures and climate change mitigation.
Münzfunde
Authors: Schärli Beatrice
Published: April 2023

Anlässlich der Ausgrabungen in der Chrischonakirche in Bettingen kamen insgesamt 13 Münzen zum Vorschein:

- im Turm ein total abgeschliffenes, verbrauchtes und korrodiertes römisches As,

- in Grab 14 und in der Nähe von Grab 22 je ein Pfennig aus der ersten Hälfte des 14.Jahrhunderts

- ferner in der gemauerten Steinkiste, welche 1504 als Behältnis zur Aufbewahrung der durch Peraudi entdeckten Gebeine der Chrischona errichtet worden war, zehn mehrheitlich wenig gebrauchte, ganze und halbe Rappen aus dem 15. bis 17.Jahrhundert
Geoarchäologische Untersuchungen
Authors: Rentzel Philippe
Published: April 2023

Im Rahmen der Ausgrabungen am Basler Murus Gallicus, die von 1990 bis 1993 dauerten, bestand von Beginn an das Projekt einer geologisch-bodenkundlichen Betreuung während der archäologischen Feldarbeiten. Dank der erneuten Auseinandersetzung mit den spätlatènezeitlichen Befunden liessen sich die Interpretationen älterer Ausgrabungen präzisieren, teilweise aber auch bereits im Verlauf der Ausgrabungsarbeiten revidieren. Dies gab den Ausschlag für die Durchführung geowissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen, deren Ergebnisse im vorliegenden Bericht ihren Niederschlag gefunden haben.
The impact of surveillance and other factors on detection of emergent and circulating vaccine derived polioviruses
Authors: Auzenbergs Megan , Fountain Holly , Macklin Grace , Lyons Hil , O'Reilly Kathleen M
Published: April 2023

Background: Circulating vaccine derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks remain a threat to polio eradication. To reduce cases of polio from cVDPV of serotype 2, the serotype 2 component of the vaccine has been removed from the global vaccine supply, but outbreaks of cVDPV2 have continued. The objective of this work is to understand the factors associated with later detection in order to improve detection of these unwanted events.

Methods: The number of nucleotide differences between each cVDPV outbreak and the oral polio vaccine (OPV) strain was used to approximate the time from emergence to detection. Only independent emergences were included in the analysis. Variables such as serotype, surveillance quality, and World Health Organization (WHO) region were tested in a negative binomial regression model to ascertain whether these variables were associated with higher nucleotide differences upon detection.

Results: In total, 74 outbreaks were analysed from 24 countries between 2004-2019. For serotype 1 (n=10), the median time from seeding until outbreak detection was 572 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 279-2016), for serotype 2 (n=59), 276 (95% UI 172-765) days, and for serotype 3 (n=5), 472 (95% UI 392-603) days. Significant improvement in the time to detection was found with increasing surveillance of non-polio acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and adequate stool collection.

Conclusions: cVDPVs remain a risk; all WHO regions have reported at least one VDPV outbreak since the first outbreak in 2000 and outbreak response campaigns using monovalent OPV type 2 risk seeding future outbreaks. Maintaining surveillance for poliomyelitis after local elimination is essential to quickly respond to both emergence of VDPVs and potential importations as low-quality AFP surveillance causes outbreaks to continue undetected. Considerable variation in the time between emergence and detection of VDPVs were apparent, and other than surveillance quality and inclusion of environmental surveillance, the reasons for this remain unclear.
Exploring medical educators’ expressions of identity through visual prompts and use of metaphor; a grounded theory study utilising focus groups
Authors: Napier Jordan , Moffat Mandy
Published: April 2023

Background: This project aimed to explore which metaphors, similies, or other forms of imagery medical educators use to express their identity as a ‘medical educator’ and to discuss what these expressions might tell us about their connection to, attitude to, and views of this identity. Medical educators are essential stakeholders in effective learning experiences for our future healthcare workforce and gaining insight into their identity development will be valuable in supporting them in their crucial roles.

Methods: Utilising a constructivist grounded theory approach, two focus group/workshop hybrids were carried out with a total of 16 participants in January and February of 2020. The focus group/workshops were used to encourage participant discussion about their educator identity, which included the use of visual prompts to promote use of metaphor in their expressions. Data were analysed using open and then focused coding. Iterative reviews of the literature relating to the study area took place throughout the timeframe of the project.

Results: Participants used a range of metaphors for their medical educator identity which fell into the themes of: metaphors around movement, entertainment and environment. The metaphors used included that of a gardener, farmer, role model, traveller, formula 1 pitstop team, and orchestral conductor. When expressing their educator identity, participants spoke of the burden of juggling clinical and educator workload and of the impact of the clinical learning environment upon their ability to do so.

Conclusions: Using a creative approach to collect data through metaphors and imagery, our study gave a valuable insight into how medical educators’ view their identity and experiences. It gave insight into the influence of environment upon their identity and the potential role for faculty development in promoting medical educators to converse with each other about the challenges faced when juggling roles and making sense of differing and clashing identities.
Theoretical and Methodological Understanding of the Problem of Communication Culture As a Factor of Personal Development
Authors: Kuryleva V. , Suvorova Olga , Serebryakova T.
Published: April 2023

The article reflects the results of theoretical and methodological understanding of the problem of communication culture. Based on the analysis of research carried out by scientists in the field of “culture” phenomena (works by G.V. Valetova, L.S. Vygotsky, A.A. Zvorykin, G.G. Karpov, L.N. Kogan, V.P. Komarov, A.N. Nekrasova and others) and “communication” (works by M. Buber, B. Waldenfels, V.V. Windelband, G. Gadamer, E. Husserl, V. Deltey, A. Camus, F. Nietzsche; L.F. Alimskaya, B. G. Ananiev, A.A. Bodalev, V.A. Kan-Kalik, N. A. Kaftailova, S. N. Kostromina, B. F. Lomov, A. V. Mudrik, V.N. Myasishcheva, T.G. Paimurzina, I.I. Rydanova, etc.), the authors of the article come to the conclusion that the culture of communication is nothing more than an active interpersonal subject-subject interaction of people, which implies the orientation of those who communicate on each other, through taking into account their personal needs, interests and capabilities. Concluding that competently organized communication is of particular importance at the basic levels of ontogenesis, and defining the study and development of psychological and pedagogical conditions aimed at optimizing the culture of communication between all participants in the educational process of preschool educational institutions, based on the theoretical and methodological analysis carried out the authors of the article highlight the parameters for assessing the culture of communication, which in the future will form the basis both for determining the monitoring program and for developing the content of the developing program.
Topical Issues of Educational and Professional Motivation of University Students (by the example of Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev)
Authors: Myshkovskaya A.
Published: April 2023

The article describes the experience of implementing a continuous study of educational and professional motivation of students on the basis of the Krasnoyarsk State University named after V.P. Astafiev. The author considers educational and professional motivation as a predictor of personal and career prospects, and discusses the need for both a broad study of the motivational profile of the personalities of university students, and the implementation of the results obtained in real educational practice through the development and implementation of programs for psychological and pedagogical support of personal and professional self-determination of students, educational work and advisory activities of a psychologist in support of the course of age-related personality crises of students. The results of a study conducted on a sample of 613 university students demonstrate a pronounced motivational gap at the age of 20, which suggests possible reasons for the sharp decline in educational and professional motivation - the lack of psychological and pedagogical support for students in the course of a youth crisis (identity crisis) or the beginning of a quarter crisis. life. Both assumptions demonstrate the urgent need for psychological support for university students, including the development and implementation of both programs of psychological and pedagogical support for students (including crisis ones), and work on methodological enrichment of the content of disciplines and educational activities in order to systematically implement the individualization and differentiation of the educational process.
The effect of red wine consumption on health
Authors: Rzeszutko Mateusz , Szponarowicz Patrycja , Raczkiewicz Przemysław , Snopkowski Bartosz , Skrętowicz Mateusz , Korzec Tomasz , Sosnowski Jakub , Panek Eliasz , Jasłowski Damian , Panasiuk Dominika
Published: April 2023

Introduction and purpose of the study: The impact of red wine consumption on the human body has been the case of research by many scientists. The aim of this study is to review the literature, present the most important research findings, and summarize the current knowledge about wine and other alcoholic beverages consumption.
Methodology and materials: A review of the available literature in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using keywords such as "red wine," "cardiovascular disease," "red wine’’ and ‘’health benefits."
State of knowledge: Red wine is an alcohol containing many active flavonoid and non-flavonoid substances that have multi-directional effects, including functioning as natural
"sweepers" of free radicals. Ethanol itself, in moderate amounts, exhibits certain
cardioprotective effects.
Summary: Numerous studies indicate a positive effect of moderate red wine consumption
in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. It has also been shown to reduce the risk of death regardless of the cause.
Post-SSRI sexual dysfunction and SSRI induced sexual dysfunction - literature review
Authors: Panek Eliasz , Jasłowski Damian , Rzeszutko Mateusz , Raczkiewicz Przemysław , Panasiuk Dominika , Skrętowicz Mateusz , Szponarowicz Patrycja , Snopkowski Bartosz , Korzec Tomasz , Sosnowski Jakub
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are one of the most commonly used drugs. One of the most common side effects are those related to sexual function. We can divide them into sexual dysfunction occurring during the use of SRRIs and those occurring and persisting after discontinuation of SSRIs.Purpose: To review available PubMed data on SSRI-related sexual dysfunction, epidemiology, symptoms and treatment.Current state of knowledge: SSRIs are first-line drugs for depression and other mental disorders. Their use can cause sexual dysfunction. SSRI-induced sexual disorders are more common but easier to treat. Post-SSRI sexual dysfunction is less common and harder to treat. There are several hypotheses regarding its pathomechanism, such as epigenetic changes, serotonin neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption, and downregulation of serotonin receptors.Conclusions: Sexual dysfunction after SSRIs left without treatment increases the chances of self-discontinuation of drugs by patients and contributes to significant suffering. In the case of SSRIs induced sexual dysfunction, there are several possible interventions that can effectively eliminate sexual dysfunction and restore the patient's comfort. There are no effective treatments for post-SSRI sexual dysfunction syndrome. In addition, the diagnosis of PSSD is difficult as there are no specific diagnostic criteria. More research is needed to determine how to diagnose and treat patients who develop PSSD.
Knee ligament injuries in alpine skiing - the mechanism of injury and the possibilities of using modern knowledge and technology to prevent injuries in skiing
Authors: Niski Szymon , Żaba Ziemowit , Milczek Maria , Warzyszak Paweł , Żołyniak Wojciech , Tomasik Mikołaj , Hawranik Izabela , Małek Róza , Lisowska Aleksandra , Skrzypek Mateusz
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Over the years, advances in alpine ski equipment such as helmets, bindings, skis and boots have resulted in risk reduction, remodelling of injury patterns and mechanisms. Skiers’ injuries are currently about 1 to 5 per 1000 days spent in the snow per athlete. The most common area of the injury is the knee, especially ACL and MCL. 
Purpose of the work: The purpose of the work is analysis of literature on mechanism of  knee ligaments injury and potential prevention intervention in alpine skiing. 
Methods and materials: The present study was based on available data collected in the PubMed and Google Scholar database. The study was conducted by reviewing keywords such as: “alpine skiing”, “ski bindings”, “alpine skiing injuries”, “ACL”.
Results: Taking into consideration less advanced skiers, we can distinguish three types of injury mechanism: valgus-external rotation sequence, boot-induced anterior drawer mechanism and phantom-foot mechanism. Three mechanisms have been described for professional skiers: slip-catch, landing back-weighted and dynamic snowplow. Female skiers have a higher risk of ACl injury than male skiers.
Conclusion: Most of the described injury mechanisms are linked with no releasing of bindings. The future injury prevention should concentrate on injury mechanisms using electronic sensors placed at skiers equipment. New micro-electronic technologies can help create mechatronic ski bindings.
Microscopic colitis - state of current knowledge on pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment
Authors: Bętkowska Paulina , Licak Gabriela , Olko Paweł , Żuchnik Magda , Rybkowska Agnieszka , Tomkiewicz Julia , Tomkiewicz Michał , Radulski Jakub , Sałata Piotr , Paluch Michał
Published: April 2023

Introduction and purpose
Microscopic colitis is multicausal inflammatory bowel disease, which affects mostly elderly, particularly women. It is a cause of chronic, watery diarrhea. MC usually presents macroscopically normal, thus diagnosis requires colonoscopy and histological examination of colonic biopsies. MC doesn’t increase risk of colon cancer. However, it leads to impaired patients’ quality of life and reduced living activity.
This review aims to sum up the current state of knowledge  about symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of microscopic colitis.
 
Material and methods
This review was based on available data collected in the PubMed database, using the following keywords:  „microscopic colitis”, “microscopic colitis treatment”, „microscopic colitis pathogenesis”, and “ microscopic colitis diagnosis”. 
ConclusionsDiagnosis of MC is often delayed due to similarity of clinical manifestation with other inflammatory bowel diseases, like IBS or IBD. Raising awareness about MC as a potential cause of chronic diarrhea can lead to earlier diagnosis and increased patients’ quality of life.
A Model of Cryptocurrencies
Authors: Sockin Michael , Xiong Wei
Published: April 2023

We model cryptocurrencies as utility tokens used by a decentralized digital platform to facilitate transactions between users of certain goods or services. The network effect governing user participation, in conjunction with the nonneutrality of the token price, can cause the token market to break down. We show that token retradeability mitigates this risk of breakdown on younger platforms by harnessing user optimism but worsens this fragility when sentiment trading by speculators crowds out users. Elastic token issuance mitigates this fragility, but strategic attacks by miners exacerbate it because users’ anticipation of future losses depresses the token’s resale value.

This paper was accepted by Agostino Capponi, Special Section of Management Science: Blockchains and Crypto Economics.
Probabilistic Forecasting of Patient Waiting Times in an Emergency Department
Authors: Arora Siddharth , Taylor James W. , Mak Ho-Yin
Published: April 2023

Problem definition: We study the estimation of the probability distribution of individual patient waiting times in an emergency department (ED). Whereas it is known that waiting-time estimates can help improve patients’ overall satisfaction and prevent abandonment, existing methods focus on point forecasts, thereby completely ignoring the underlying uncertainty. Communicating only a point forecast to patients can be uninformative and potentially misleading. Methodology/results: We use the machine learning approach of quantile regression forest to produce probabilistic forecasts. Using a large patient-level data set, we extract the following categories of predictor variables: (1) calendar effects, (2) demographics, (3) staff count, (4) ED workload resulting from patient volumes, and (5) the severity of the patient condition. Our feature-rich modeling allows for dynamic updating and refinement of waiting-time estimates as patient- and ED-specific information (e.g., patient condition, ED congestion levels) is revealed during the waiting process. The proposed approach generates more accurate probabilistic and point forecasts when compared with methods proposed in the literature for modeling waiting times and rolling average benchmarks typically used in practice. Managerial implications: By providing personalized probabilistic forecasts, our approach gives low-acuity patients and first responders a more comprehensive picture of the possible waiting trajectory and provides more reliable inputs to inform prescriptive modeling of ED operations. We demonstrate that publishing probabilistic waiting-time estimates can inform patients and ambulance staff in selecting an ED from a network of EDs, which can lead to a more uniform spread of patient load across the network. Aspects relating to communicating forecast uncertainty to patients and implementing this methodology in practice are also discussed. For emergency healthcare service providers, probabilistic waiting-time estimates could assist in ambulance routing, staff allocation, and managing patient flow, which could facilitate efficient operations and cost savings and aid in better patient care and outcomes.

Supplemental Material: The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.1210 .
NO VÃO DA ESCADA: O MEDO DE SI EM A OBSCENA SENHORA D DE HILDA HILST
Authors: Cantuário Victor André Pinheiro , Da Silva Paulo César Andrade
Published: April 2023

O objetivo do artigo é identificar a natureza do medo na obra A obscena senhora D, da escritora paulista Hilda Hilst. Amparado pela discussão filosófica de Svendsen (2008) sobre o medo e como é possível identificá-lo, bem como distingui-lo de outras emoções humanas, o artigo primeiramente apresenta a obra em questão para em um segundo momento se deter na reflexão do medo no livro, indicando qual a configuração do medo de Hillé/senhora D e como ele se manifesta ao longo da narrativa. Tendo em vista que é uma das obras mais conhecidas e, no conjunto da prosa de ficção da escritora, uma das mais estudadas, o artigo pretende acrescentar mais uma sugestão de leitura a seu respeito, que é a evidência do medo no comportamento da protagonista.
O LÚDICO NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES: CAMINHOS POSSÍVEIS PARA PESQUISA CIENTÍFICA
Authors: Aguiar Jonathan
Published: April 2023

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o estado da arte da temática lúdico e formação de professores. Assume como metodologia documental, por partir de pesquisas acadêmicas desenvolvidas no Brasil nos últimos sete anos. Os dados apresentados foram sistematizados a partir do Diretório de Grupos de Pesquisa da Capes, no Scielo,do Banco de teses e dissertações (Capes e BDTD) e demais autores que contribuem para esta discussão, de maneira a garantir o rigor deste estudo. No entanto, conclui-se com esta pesquisa a existência de poucas produções científicas no que se refere ao lúdico no processo de ensino e aprendizagem daqueles que formam professores.