bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETERMINATION DES DENIVELLATIONS ET DES COURANTS DE MAREE
Authors: Gohin Par F.
Published: June 2017

Les premiers resultats positifs obtenus dans la prevision des amplitudes de la maree dans les ports datent de plusieurs siecles ; depuis fort longtemps les courants de maree dans les mers coheres sont famihers aux navigateurs. Rappelons simplement qu'encore de nos jours, la prevision des marnages (difference de niveau entre pleine et basse raer) et des phases (decalages de la plelne mer par rapport au passage de la lune au mendien) s'appuie sur 1'analyse harmomque des enregistrements de maregraphes. Cette analyse differe de celle de FDURIER: les penodes des differentes composantes ne sont pas des sous-multiples entiers d'une meme penode elementaire, mais ont des valeurs connues avec toute la precision desiree. La composante principale, dans nos regions europeennes du moms, represente la maree qui serait due a une lune fictive tournant a distance constante de la terre et a Vitesse constante dans le plan de l'equateur (maree dite M2). Depuis la fin du siecle dernier des recherches tres nombreuses ont ete faites parmi lesquelles ll faut citer celles de POINCARE (methode theonque de determination des amplitudes et courants), HARRIS (trace des hgnes cotidales - c'est-d-dire equiphases - de la maree M2), HANSEN (determination des denivellations et courants en Mer du Nord), DOODSON (determination des hgnes cotidales et equiamphtudes dans les mers bordant la

GRANDE RRET/1GNE).
ON THE USE OF FREQUENCY CURVES OF STORMFLOODS
Authors: Wemelsfelder P.J.
Published: June 2017

In coastal engineering we often have to face the problem of high stormfloods. Especially if the land near the coast is flat and low, if it is densely populated or if high economic values have to be protected. In all these oases, where life and economic values are at stake, a design flood has to be established as a basis for the construction of the works of protection. Obviously the height of the design flood will be dependent on two factors. On one hand it depends on the characteristics of the sea, on its probable and possible heights. On the other hand it depends on the values of human and economic nature, threatened by the sea. So the design flood may be regarded as a balance between the threatening force of the sea and the values at stake. In this paper we will investigate the nature of this balance. This will lead us to a close examination of the frequency curves of stormfloods, to a discussion of the question: What is a reasonable risk and to a discussion of the question: What is the space of time we have to take into account.
DETERMINATION OF THE WAVE ATTACK ANTICIPATED UPON A STRUCTURE FROM LABORATORY AND FIELD OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Venis W.A.
Published: June 2017

Model tests have been carried out to obtain an insight into the magnitude of the wave-pressures in various situations. These tests showed, that sharp high pressure peaks occur in addition to the pressures caused by the reflecting of the waves, which pressures are quasi-static. As the structure can be compared with a multiple mass-spring system these pressure-peaks may cause the whole construction to vibrate. Wave-attack therefore can be expressed in terms of impact. Moreover, calculations revealed that the impact pressures were critical factors in determining the strength of the structure.

So many model tests were carried out to determine the design and location of the sluices. These tests involved numerous water-levels discharges and waves. Regarding the pressure-peaks a comparative study was made in the model, which led to the structure being designed in such a way that the occurrence of critical impacts was reduced to an acceptable minimum. As it was impossible to avoid the occurrence of impact pressures entirely it remained necessary to determine a basic load for the structure that takes care of the impact pressures. As it has not yet appeared possible physically to determine a theoretical maximum for the impact pressures, it has to be borne in mind that there is a probability that each pressure measured will be exceeded. So this paper describes, how the cumulative frequency curve of the impacts for the case mentioned in 1.1 sub a, which served as a basis for determining the basic load was arrived at by a certain combination of laboratory and field observations. The data used for this purpose were a. Results of wave-impact measurements on a model of the sluices. This model, built in accordance with the results of the comparative study, was situated in the wind-flume of the "de Voorst" hydraulic laboratory. b. Wave height measurements in the Haringvliet during 1957 and 1958. c. Wind-speed measurements on board the lightship Qoeree, likewise during 1957 and 1958. d. Tidal registrations at Hellevoetsluis from 1920 to 1960. e. Wind-force data from the Hook of Holland, likewise from 1920 to 1960.
LA PRESSION DES VAGUES CONTRE LA PAROI ABRUPTE
Authors: Plakida M.E.
Published: June 2017

La recherche du type le plus rationel des ouvrages de protection il est devenu necessalre d'evaluer l'action des vagues sur les parois a fort degre d'inclinaison; l'angle d'inclinaison du mur avec l'horizon a peut changer de 45° a 90°. * Les resultats de l'etude sur les modeles reduits sont decrits dans cet article, ce qui concerne la pression des vagues contre la paroi abrupte et la hauteur de remontee des vagues. Le present article fournit des formules en vue du calcul de la pression maximum des vagues et de la hauteur maximum de remontee des vagues. Les etudes ont ete effectuees dans une cuve vitree de 12.0 m. de longueur, de 0.5 m. de largeur et d'un metre de hauteur. Les vagues ont ete produites par le batteur plonge. La profondeur d'eau dans la cuve est constante et egale a 55 cm.; les profondeurs d'eau entre le niveau du repos et la risberme sont egales a 20 et a 40 cm. La largeur de la risberme est constante et egale a 15 cm., la pente du prisme est de 1:2. L'angle d'inclinaison du mur avec l'horizon change de 45* a 90*, avec espacement de 15°. Le regime d'onde est defini par la cambrure de vague qui change de 1:10 a 1:25, la hauteur de vague est de 10 a 12 cm. et la periode de vague est de 0.75 a 1.20 sec.
THE CLAMP-ON WAVE FORCE METER
Authors: Skjelbreia Lars
Published: June 2017

Because of the tremendous increase in offshore activities, a great effort has been made on obtaining information on wave forces on structural members. Several oil companies have invested large sums of money in the design and construction of full-scale systems for measuring the wave forces. The equipment used for measuring the forces have been single cantilevers or segmented piles designed to make discrete measurements along the pile. For instance, during the last five years, The California Company and California Research Corporation (subsidiaries of Standard Oil Company of California) operated an installation in the Gulf of Mexico with four segmented piles of different diameters. The wave forces were measured by three-foot high force dynamometers located at seven different elevations along the length of each test pile. Each dynamometer was constructed from a section of the cylindrical pile which was attached to a system of flexures on the inside. So far the wave forces have been measured on cylindrical piles varying in diameter from one to four feet and in water depths varying from 30 to 50 feet. As the pile diameter and water depth increase, however, the measurements of wave forces by use of a cantilever or a segmented pile become very difficult and expensive. Therefore, a need exists for investigating other means for measuring the wave forces on a pile. This paper will describe the design and operation of a force meter that may be clamped to an existing pile. In Spring 1960, California Research Corporation installed equipment incorporating eight of the clamp-on meters on an oil well drilling platform in the Gulf of Mexico. The water depth at the location is 100 feet, and two years of operation are planned.
INVESTIGATION OF DESTROYED STRUCTURES AND THE RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM; ISE-WAN TYPHOON
Authors: Tsuruta Senri
Published: June 2017

The powerful Ise-wan Typhoon destroyed coastal defense works along the Bays of Ise, Chita, and Atsumi, over nearly the entire length of the coastline, and also inflicted considerable damage on breakwaters, piers, and other harbour facilities. The destruction observed in various structures show a close resemblance, and the ground leading to such destruction may be classified into several categories, indicating that these coastal structures possessed a common weakness against the destruction force of nature. This common weakness presents a particuler problem in planning and carrying out reconstruction works in the future.
Complete Proceedings - Single PDF Download
Authors: Johnson J. W.
Published: June 2017

For the information of those attending their first Congress on Coastal Engineering, I should explain briefly the functions and organization of the Council on Wave Research. The first of these Congresses was held in Long Beach, California, in 1950 under the auspices of the University of California. There was at that time no permanent organization with the responsibility for focusing attention on this area of scientific and technical work or for arranging subsequent meetings. At the suggestion of the late Professor Boris A. Bakhmeteff, the Engineering Foundation, an agency of the American engineering societies, formed the Council on Wave Research to promote research in the sciences related to coastal engineering and to hold occasional congresses and conferences for the purpose of making the results of both scientific research and professional experience available to practicing engineers .
ON DETERMINATION OF THE TIDAL HARMONIC CONSTANTS AND TIDE PREDICTION FOR THE MEXICAN PORTS
Authors: Lezama Pedro
Published: June 2017

A canonical computation of the tidal harmonic constants for some of the Mexican ports is obtained. Following Doodson's Tide Generating Potential, the determination of the node factors f.(t) and the angle u.(t) for a period of twenty years (1950 - 1970) is obtained by electronic computation. The I.B.M. 650 electronic computer's program for the height of tide is given, and this program is applied to the values of high and low water at any day and time of the year. A graphical and numerical comparison for the height of the tide is shown. The determination of the port establishment for some Mexican ports is obtained.
AKMON ARMOUR UNIT FOR COVER LAYERS OF RUBBLE MOUND BREAKWATERS
Authors: Paape A. , Walther A.W.
Published: June 2017

A new specially shaped concrete block, the "Akmon", to be used as armour unit for protective cover layers of rubble mound breakwaters is presented. The characteristics as have been derived from laboratory tests are compared with those of various other types of blocks. Some considerations are given on the design procedure for cover layers, as it appears that this procedure has an influence on the block-type and -weight to be chosen. If armour units have to be placed at random, which is in many oases an imperative necessity, the akmon appears to be one of the most suitable blocks developed up till now. For two different breakwaters, the results are given of model investigations concerning the stability under the attack of waves generated by a wave board and wind.
ANALISIS HIDRAULICO DEL COMPORTAMIENTO DE LA ONDA DE MAREA A TRAVES DE LA BAHIA DE TOPOLOBAMPO Y SUS EFECTOS EN LA BARRA
Authors: Gutierrez Hector Lopez , Alcerrece Jose Aguilar
Published: June 2017

El puerto de Sopolobampo se encuentra localizado al Noroeste del estado de Sinaloa, sobre el - Golfo de California* Su importancia como puerto tiende a incrementar notablemente por dos factores: El Ferrocarril OMhuahua-Pacifico que liga la costa Noroeste de la Republica Mexicana con la zona Horte de la - misma y varios estados del Sur de los Estados Unidos. El notable desarrollo agrlcola de las tierras irrigadas por los r£os iHierte y Mayo, cuya area se estima, en la - actualidad en 500 000 Ha.aproximadamente.
THE NATURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE WADDEN SEA AFTER THE ENCLOSURE OF THE ZUIDER SEA
Authors: Rietveld C.F.W.
Published: June 2017

The Wadden Sea and Zuider Sea used to form an internal sea which was separated from the North Sea by a chain of islands. In 1932 the Zuider Sea was enclosed by a dam 32 km in length. Owing to this, the Wadden Sea experienced changes in the normal tidal movement, the storm-surge levels and the configuration of the bed. This article discusses the movement of water and sand the Wadden Sea and its natural development since the enclosure of the Zuider.
Advances in understanding river‐groundwater interactions
Authors: Brunner Philip , Therrien René , Renard Philippe , Simmons Craig T. , Franssen Harrie‐Jan Hendricks
Published: June 2017

River‐groundwater interactions are at the core of a wide range of major contemporary challenges, including the provision of high‐quality drinking water in sufficient quantities, the loss of biodiversity in river ecosystems, or the management of environmental flow regimes. This paper reviews state of the art approaches in characterizing and modeling river and groundwater interactions. Our review covers a wide range of approaches, including remote sensing to characterize the streambed, emerging methods to measure exchange fluxes between rivers and groundwater, and developments in several disciplines relevant to the river‐groundwater interface. We discuss approaches for automated calibration, and real‐time modeling, which improve the simulation and understanding of river‐groundwater interactions. Although the integration of these various approaches and disciplines is advancing, major research gaps remain to be filled to allow more complete and quantitative integration across disciplines. New possibilities for generating realistic distributions of streambed properties, in combination with more data and novel data types, have great potential to improve our understanding and predictive capabilities for river‐groundwater systems, especially in combination with the integrated simulation of the river and groundwater flow as well as calibration methods. Understanding the implications of different data types and resolution, the development of highly instrumented field sites, ongoing model development, and the ultimate integration of models and data are important future research areas. These developments are required to expand our current understanding to do justice to the complexity of natural systems.
Bioinspired Geometry‐Switchable Janus Nanofibers for Eye‐Readable H2 Sensors
Authors: Han Heetak , Baik Sangyul , Xu Borui , Seo Jungmok , Lee Sanggeun , Shin Sera , Lee Jaehong , Koo Ja Hoon , Mei Yongfeng , Pang Changhyun , Lee Taeyoon
Published: June 2017

Nanoscale architectures found in nature have unique functionalities and their discovery has led to significant advancements in various fields including optics, wetting, and adhesion. The sensilla of arthropods, comprised of unique hierarchical structures, are a representative example which inspired the development of various bioinspired systems, owing to their hypersensitive and ultrafast responsivity to mechanical and chemical stimuli. This report presents a geometry‐switchable and highly H2‐reactive Janus nanofiber (H‐NF) array inspired by the structural features of the arthropod sensilla. The H‐NF array (400 nm diameter, 4 µm height, 1.2 µm spacing distance, and hexagonal array) exhibits reversible structural deformation when exposed to a flammable concentration of hydrogen gas (4 vol% H2 in N2) with fast response times (5.1 s). The structural change can be detected with the bare eye, which is a result of change in the optical transmittance due to the structural deformation of the H‐NF array. Based on these results, an eye‐readable H2‐sensor that requires no additional electrical apparatus is demonstrated, including wetting‐controllable H2‐selective smart surfaces and H2‐responsive fasteners.
Stereoselective Mannich Reaction of N‐(tert‐Butylsulfinyl)imines with 3‐Fluorooxindoles and Fluoroacetamides
Authors: Chen Xiangyu , Li Ya , Zhao Jianbo , Zheng Buquan , Lu Qi , Ren Xinfeng
Published: June 2017

A diastereoselective Mannich reaction has been developed for the construction of stereogenic C−F units by the reaction of α‐fluoro‐substituted amides, including highly activated 3‐fluoro‐oxindoles, and simple linear fluoroacetamides with N‐tert‐butylsulfinylimines. This method provides a concise route to a variety of structurally diverse α‐fluoro‐β‐amino amides containing stereogenic fluorinated carbon centers. This protocol has the benefit of using readily accessible starting materials and is operationally simple. The Mannich reactions of cyclic and linear α‐fluoro‐substituted amides resulted in different stereochemical outcomes, suggesting that these substrates reacted via closed and open transition states, respectively.

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Evaluation of baseline frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in an Italian population according to age, sex, smoking habits, and gene polymorphisms
Authors: Santovito Alfredo , Gendusa Claudio , Cervella Piero
Published: June 2017

Objectives

Increased SCEs frequencies in human lymphocytes are an indicator of spontaneous chromosome instability and could be influenced by different exogenous and endogenous factors. In this study, we evaluated the influence of age, sex, smoking habits, and genetic polymorphisms on the background levels of SCEs in peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Methods

Two hundred‐thirty healthy Italian subjects were recruited. Data about age, sex and smoking habits were recorded. Subjects were also genotyped for GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1 A/G, CYP1A1 Ile/Val, CYP2C19 G/A, ERCC2/XPD Lys751Gln, XRCC1 Arg194ATrp, XRCC1 Arg399Gln, and XRCC1Arg208His gene polymorphisms.

Results

The frequency of SCEs/cell was 5.15 ± 1.87, with females showing a significantly higher SCEs value with respect to males (5.36 ± 2.10 and 4.82 ± 1.39, respectively). Smokers showed significantly increased levels of SCEs with respect to nonsmokers (5.93 ± 1.75 and 4.70 ± 1.79, respectively) whereas no differences were observed between heavy and light smokers. Age correlated with the RI value (P = .01) but not with the SCEs frequency (P = 07), although the 31‐40 age group showed a significantly lower SCEs frequency with respect to the other age groups. A significant association was also found between GSTP2C19‐AA, GSTT1‐null, GSTM1‐null, ERCC2/XPD Gln751Gln, and XRCC1 His208His genotypes, and higher frequencies of SCEs.

Conclusion

We describe the association between some phase I, phase II, and DNA‐repair gene polymorphisms with increased SCEs frequencies, reinforcing the importance of genetic analysis in biomonitoring studies. Sex and age were found to be important endogenous factors that affect the level of genomic damage and the replicative capacity of cells, respectively.
Reproductive Toxicity: Hypothalamic‐Pituitary Mechanisms
Authors: Smith Carol Grace
Published: June 2017

The hypothalamic‐pituitary axis serves as the primary control center for reproductive hormones. Several agents can inhibit this control center and thereby disrupt reproductive function. Of major interest among these agents are the neuropharmacologic drugs that alter the central rervous system input to the hypothalamus. Such drug classes as the barbiturates, narcotics, certain tranquilizers, and marijuana can inhibit gonadotropin secretion by this mechanism. Changes in gonadotropin and prolactin levels can result in disruptive effects on the reproductive system including infertility, changes in libido, and problems with sexual function.
Some Actions of Lead on the Sperm and on the Male Reproductive System
Authors: Thomas J. A. , Brogan W. C.
Published: June 2017

There is evidence that lead can exert a toxic action upon the male reproductive system. Likewise, there is evidence that some of the effects that lead exerts upon other biological systems might also affect male reproductive capacity. Differences in response to the toxic actions of lead can, in part, be attributed to differences in dose, duration, and method of exposure, species, and lack of comparable experimental designs. Nevertheless, a spermatotaxic and gonadotoxic effect of lead has been seen in a variety of species including man. Furthermore, lead exposure has been linked to chromosomal aberrations in workers.
Occupationally Derived Chemicals in Breast Milk
Authors: Wolff Mary S.
Published: June 2017

Exogenously derived chemicals have been widely reported in breast milk. Chemicals typically found in occupational exposures, including trace metals, solvents, and halogenated hydrocarbons, are reviewed, in terms of milk partition factors, potential infant exposures, and possible infant health effects. In addition to ingestion of a chemical from breast milk, an infant incurs a neonatal body burden of a chemical due to transplacental migration from maternal blood. For trace metals, neonatal blood levels are similar to maternal blood levels. Partition of metals to milk is less efficient, but nevertheless can contribute significantly to an infant's body burden. For lipid‐soluble pesticide residues and halogenated biphenyls, neonatal body burden is much less than that of the mother, but transfer to milk is efficient, due to the high proportion of milk fat. It is suggested that potential organic mercury toxicity can be estimated from concentration in maternal blood or milk. For other chemicals, available data are not sufficient to evaluate short‐or long‐term health effects. However, for many halogenated hydrocarbons, concentrations in normal human milk would permit infant exposure above guidelines for allowable daily intake set by the World Health organinition.
Diet of the prehistoric population of Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Chile) shows environmental adaptation and resilience
Authors: Jarman Catrine L. , Larsen Thomas , Hunt Terry , Lipo Carl , Solsvik Reidar , Wallsgrove Natalie , Ka'apu‐Lyons Cassie , Close Hilary G. , Popp Brian N.
Published: June 2017

Objectives

The Rapa Nui “ecocide” narrative questions whether the prehistoric population caused an avoidable ecological disaster through rapid deforestation and over‐exploitation of natural resources. The objective of this study was to characterize prehistoric human diets to shed light on human adaptability and land use in an island environment with limited resources.

Materials and methods

Materials for this study included human, faunal, and botanical remains from the archaeological sites Anakena and Ahu Tepeu on Rapa Nui, dating from c. 1400 AD to the historic period, and modern reference material. We used bulk carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses and amino acid compound specific isotope analyses (AA‐CSIA) of collagen isolated from prehistoric human and faunal bone, to assess the use of marine versus terrestrial resources and to investigate the underlying baseline values. Similar isotope analyses of archaeological and modern botanical and marine samples were used to characterize the local environment.

Results

Results of carbon and nitrogen AA‐CSIA independently show that around half the protein in diets from the humans measured came from marine sources; markedly higher than previous estimates. We also observed higher δ15N values in human collagen than could be expected from the local environment.

Discussion

Our results suggest highly elevated δ15N values could only have come from consumption of crops grown in substantially manipulated soils. These findings strongly suggest that the prehistoric population adapted and exhibited astute environmental awareness in a harsh environment with nutrient poor soils. Our results also have implications for evaluating marine reservoir corrections of radiocarbon dates.
Increased expression of TIPE2 in alternatively activated macrophages is associated with eosinophilic inflammation and disease severity in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Yao Yin , Wang Zhi‐Chao , Liu Jin‐Xin , Ma Jin , Chen Cai‐Ling , Deng Yi‐Ke , Liao Bo , Wang Nan , Wang Heng , Ning Qin , Liu Zheng
Published: June 2017

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by exaggerated local immune responses. Tumor necrosis factor‐α–induced protein 8–like 2 (TIPE2) is a novel protein with potential immune modulating function. The expression and function of TIPE2 in human airway diseases are unclear.

Methods

The expression of TIPE2 in sinonasal mucosal samples was assessed by means of quantitative reverse transcript–polymerse chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. The human monocytic/macrophage cell line, THP‐1 cells, was stimulated with various cytokines. Computed tomography (CT) scan images, endoscopic findings, and symptoms were scored.

Results

Compared with non‐eosinophilic polyps and control mucosa, the mRNA and protein expression of TIPE2 was significantly upregulated in eosinophilic polyps, with a further increase in those with asthma. The number of CD68+CD163+ alternatively activated (M2) macrophages was increased in eosinophilic polyps. TIPE2 was mainly expressed by M2 macrophages in sinonasal mucosa and its expression was upregulated in M2 macrophages in eosinophilic polyps. Interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐13, but not interferon (IFN)‐γ or IL‐17A, induced TIPE2 expression in differentiated THP‐1 cells. The mRNA levels of IL‐4 and IL‐13 correlated with the mRNA levels of TIPE2 and M2 macrophage markers in sinonasal mucosa. Importantly, the number of TIPE2+ cells, particularly TIPE2+CD163+CD68+ M2 macrophages, correlated positively with the number of eosinophils and total inflammatory cells in sinonasal mucosa, as well as disease duration, CT scores, hyposmia scores, and polyp size in CRSwNP.

Conclusion

The T‐helper 2 milieu is able to induce TIPE2 expression in macrophages. TIPE2‐positive M2 macrophages potentially contribute to eosinophilic inflammation and disease progression in CRSwNP.
Quantum Transport in Presence of Bound States – Noise Power
Authors: Mintchev Mihail , Santoni Luca , Sorba Paul
Published: June 2017

The impact of bound states in Landauer‐Büttiker scattering approach to non‐equilibrium quantum transport is investigated. We show that the noise power at frequency ν is sensitive to all bound states with energies ωb satisfying . We derive the exact expression of the bound state contribution and compare it to the one produced by the scattering states alone. The theoretical and experimental consequences of this result are discussed.
Spatial Filters on Demand Based on Aperiodic Photonic Crystals
Authors: Gailevičius Darius , Purlys Vytautas , Peckus Martynas , Gadonas Roaldas , Staliunas Kestutis
Published: June 2017

Photonic Crystal spatial filters, apart from stand‐alone spatial filtering function, can also suppress multi‐transverse‐mode operation in laser resonators. Here it is shown that such photonic crystals can be designed by solving the inverse problem: for a given spatial filtering profile. Optimized Photonic Crystal filters were fabricated in photosensitive glass. Experiments have shown that such filters provide a more pronounced filtering effect for total and partial transmissivity conditions.
Simultane endo‐ und exo‐Komplexbildung von Pyridin[4]aren‐Dimeren mit neutralen und anionischen Gästen
Authors: Kiesilä Anniina , Kivijärvi Lauri , Beyeh Ngong Kodiah , Moilanen Jani O. , Groessl Michael , Rothe Tatiana , Götz Sven , Topić Filip , Rissanen Kari , Lützen Arne , Kalenius Elina
Published: June 2017

Die Bildung von Wirt‐Gast‐Komplexen aus Hexafluorophosphat (PF6−) und Tetraisobutyloctahydroxypyridin[4]aren (1) wurde in der Gasphase (ESI‐QTOF‐MS, IM‐MS, DFT‐Rechnungen), im Festkörper (Röntgenstrukturanalyse) und in Chloroformlösungen (1H‐, 19F‐ und DOSY‐NMR) umfassend untersucht. In allen Aggregatzuständen wurde eine simultane endo‐Komplexierung von Lösungsmittelmolekülen und eine exo‐Komplexierung von PF6−‐Anionen mit dem Pyridin[4]aren‐Dimer beobachtet. Während ähnliche ternäre Komplexe im Festkörper bereits öfter beschrieben wurden, ist ein solches Verhalten in der Gasphase bislang einzigartig und noch nie zuvor beobachtet worden.
On Finite‐Time Stabilization of Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Uncertain Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Wang Qing , Ran Maopeng , Dong Chaoyang
Published: June 2017

This paper designs the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) to achieve finite‐time stabilization for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. The proposed control incorporates both an extended state observer (ESO) as well as an adaptive sliding mode controller. The ESO is utilized to estimate the full system states and the total uncertainties, and the adaptive strategy is incorporated to deal with the estimation errors. It is proved that, with the application of the proposed control law, semi‐global finite‐time stabilization can be achieved. Effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated with a numerical example.
The differential outcomes effect in children with autism
Authors: McCormack Jessica , Arnold‐Saritepe Angela , Elliffe Douglas
Published: June 2017

The differential outcomes procedure uses reinforcement unique to each alternative in a conditional discrimination, leading to faster and more accurate learning relative to non‐differential outcomes procedures. In this study, the differential outcomes procedure was used to teach novel tacts of musical instrument sounds to children with autism. For one set of instruments, response‐specific reinforcers were used in combination with social reinforcement. For the other set, reinforcers were provided non‐differentially. Two out of three participants showed enhanced learning in the differential outcomes condition, providing some support of the differential outcomes procedures as a useful tool for teaching individuals with autism. Future research into the differential outcomes effect is warranted to identify the procedural and individual factors that predict its effectiveness.
Elevated levels of liver methylglyoxal and d‐lactate in early‐stage hepatitis in rats
Authors: Wang Wen‐Chuang , Chou Chu‐Kuang , Chuang Ming‐Cheng , Li Yi‐Chieh , Lee Jen‐Ai
Published: June 2017

Methylglyoxal (MGO) is highly cytotoxic and its levels are elevated in diabetes, nephropathy and atherosclerosis. However, it has never been studied in liver disease. For this reason, we aimed to assess the levels of MGO and its metabolite d‐lactate in an early hepatitis model. Wistar rats were administered CCl4 (0.75 mL/kg, i.p.) to induce hepatitis. In either CCl4‐treated or untreated rats, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels did not change over the course of the study, indicating that significant liver damage did not occur following CCl4 treatment. However, the levels of MGO and d‐lactate were higher in the livers of CCl4‐treated animals than in untreated animals (MGO: 128.2 ± 18.8 and 248.1 ± 64.9 μg/g protein, p < 0.01; d‐lactate: 0.860 ± 0.040 and 1.293 ± 0.078 μmol/g protein, respectively p < 0.01). Furthermore, in untreated and treated animals, serum d‐lactate levels were 57.65 ± 2.59 and 92.16 ± 16.69 μm and urine d‐lactate levels were 1.060 ± 0.007 and 1.555 ± 0.366 μmol/mg UCr, respectively (p < 0.01). These data show that in this model of early‐stage liver damage, the levels of MGO and its metabolite d‐lactate are elevated and that d‐lactate could be useful as a reference marker for the early stage of hepatitis.
Data‐enabled cognitive modeling: Validating student engineers’ fuzzy design‐based decision‐making in a virtual design problem
Authors: Arastoopour Irgens Golnaz , Chesler Naomi C. , Linderoth Jeffrey T. , Williamson Shaffer David
Published: June 2017

The ability of future engineering professionals to solve complex real‐world problems depends on their design education and training. Because engineers engage with open‐ended problems in which there are unknown parameters and multiple competing objectives, they engage in fuzzy decision‐making, a method of making decisions that takes into account inherent imprecisions and uncertainties in the real world. In the design‐based decision‐making field, few studies have applied fuzzy decision‐making models to actual decision‐making process data. Thus, in this study, we use datasets on student decision‐making processes to validate approximate fuzzy models of student decision‐making, which we call data‐enabled cognitive modeling. The results of this study (1) show that simulated design problems provide rich datasets that enable analysis of student design decision‐making and (2) validate models of student design cognition that can inform future design curricula and help educators understand how students think about design problems.
Anterior mitral leaflet perforation: a rare complication of radiofrequency ablation for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
Authors: Han Jiancheng , Xu Jin , He Yihua
Published: June 2017

Key Clinical Message

A 9‐year‐old girl with a ten‐day history of palpitations was referred for the assessment of mitral regurgitation. She had had RF ablation for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia 5 years previously. Echocardiography showed isolated anterior mitral leaflet perforation. Surgical findings confirmed the echocardiographic assessment.
Continuous Redirection and Separation of Microbeads by Faradaic Ion Concentration Polarization
Authors: Davies Collin D. , Yoon Eunsoo , Crooks Richard M.
Published: June 2017

Herein we report that faradaic ion concentration polarization (fICP) can be used to sort and separate micron‐scale objects within a bifurcated microelectrochemical device. In fICP, a bipolar electrode (BPE) is activated by a driving voltage, which results in formation of an ion depletion zone (IDZ) and an ion enrichment zone (IEZ). By judicious control of the placement of the BPE and control of the driving voltage, the IDZ and IEZ can be manipulated in a way that directs charged microbeads into a particular channel of the microelectrochemical device. The key findings are threefold. First, ∼100 % microbead redirection and separation may be achieved by fICP. Second, the tracking of microbeads as they traverse the channel length permits visualization of local variations in electroosmotic flow (EOF). Third, variations in solution conductivity in different regions of the channel lead to differences in EOF that exert a significant influence over microbead trajectory.
Electrophoretic Deposition of Binder‐Free MnO2/Graphene Films for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Tao , Meng Qinghan , Fan Qiang , Yang Meng , Zhi Wanyuan , Cao Bing
Published: June 2017

Binder‐free, nano‐sized needlelike MnO2‐submillimeter‐sized reduced graphene oxide (nMnO2‐srGO) hybrid films with abundant porous structures were fabricated through electrophoretic deposition and subsequent thermal annealing at 500 °C for 2 h. The as‐prepared hybrid films exhibit a unique hierarchical morphology, in which nMnO2 with a diameter of 20—50 nm and a length of 300—500 nm is randomly anchored on both sides of srGO. When evaluated as binder‐free anodes for lithium‐ion half‐cell, the nMnO2‐srGO composites with a content of 76.9 wt% MnO2 deliver a high capacity of approximately 1652.2 mA•h•g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A•g−1 after 200 cycles. The high capacity remains at 616.8 mA•h•g−1 (ca. 65.1% capacity retention) at a current density as high as 4 A•g−1. The excellent electrochemical performance indicates that the nMnO2‐srGO hybrid films could be a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs).
Latent‐lSVM classification of very high‐dimensional and large‐scale multi‐class datasets
Authors: Do Thanh‐Nghi , Poulet François
Published: June 2017

We propose a new parallel learning algorithm of latent local support vector machines (SVM), called latent‐lSVM for effectively classifying very high‐dimensional and large‐scale multi‐class datasets. The common framework of texts/images classification tasks using the Bag‐Of‐(visual)‐Words model for the data representation leads to hard classification problem with thousands of dimensions and hundreds of classes. Our latent‐lSVM algorithm performs these complex tasks into two main steps. The first one is to use latent Dirichlet allocation for assigning the datapoint (text/image) to some topics (clusters) with the corresponding probabilities. This aims at reducing the number of classes and the number of datapoints in the cluster compared to the full dataset, followed by the second one: to learn in a parallel way nonlinear SVM models to classify data clusters locally. The numerical test results on nine real datasets show that the latent‐lSVM algorithm achieves very high accuracy compared to state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. An example of its effectiveness is given with an accuracy of 70.14% obtained in the classification of Book dataset having 100 000 individuals in 89 821 dimensional input space and 661 classes in 11.2 minutes using a PC Intel(R) Core i7‐4790 CPU, 3.6 GHz, 4 cores.
Triple‐Doped Monolayer Graphene with Boron, Nitrogen, Aluminum, Silicon, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
Authors: Ullah Saif , Denis Pablo A. , Sato Fernando
Published: June 2017

The cover image illustrates the heteroatom doping of graphene extended to a new limit. First‐principles calculations revealed that triple‐doped graphene systems exhibit exciting electronic and catalytic properties. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201700278.
Minimalistic Liquid‐Assisted Route to Highly Crystalline α‐Zirconium Phosphate
Authors: Cheng Yu , Wang Xiaodong (Tony) , Jaenicke Stephan , Chuah Gaik‐Khuan
Published: June 2017

Zirconium phosphates have potential applications in areas of ion exchange, catalysis, photochemistry, and biotechnology. However, synthesis methodologies to form crystalline α‐zirconium phosphate (Zr(HPO4)2⋅H2O) typically involve the use of excess phosphoric acid, addition of HF or oxalic acid and long reflux times or hydrothermal conditions. A minimalistic sustainable route to its synthesis has been developed by using only zirconium oxychloride and concentrated phosphoric acid to form highly crystalline α‐zirconium phosphate within hours. The morphology can be changed from platelets to rod‐shaped particles by fluoride addition. By varying the temperature and time, α‐zirconium phosphate with particle sizes from nanometers to microns can be obtained. Key features of this minimal solvent synthesis are the excellent yields obtained with high atom economy under mild conditions and ease of scalability.
Urinary tract involvement of mantle cell lymphoma diagnosed by urine cytology
Authors: Hamele‐Bena Diane , Gonzalez Abel Arnoldo
Published: June 2017

Urinary tract lymphoma is unusual, with the kidney being the most commonly reported site of involvement. Urinary bladder involvement by lymphoma is rare. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a relatively uncommon type of lymphoma. Herein, we report a case of MCL of the urinary bladder diagnosed by urine cytology, with confirmatory immunocytochemical stains, which has not previously been reported in the literature.
Extracellular vesicles mediate intercellular communication: Transfer of functionally active microRNAs by microvesicles into phagocytes
Authors: Claßen Laura , Tykocinski Lars‐Oliver , Wiedmann Felix , Birr Carolin , Schiller Petra , Tucher Christine , Krienke Stefan , Raab Marc‐Steffen , Blank Norbert , Lorenz Hanns‐Martin , Schiller Martin
Published: June 2017

Cell activation and apoptosis lead to the formation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes or microvesicles (MVs). EVs have been shown to modulate immune responses; recently, MVs were described to carry microRNA (miRNA) and a role for MVs in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has been discussed. Here we systematically characterized MVs and exosomes according to their release stimuli. The miRNA content of viable or apoptotic human T lymphocytes and the corresponding MVs was analyzed. miRNA, protein and surface marker expression, as well as cytokine release by human monocytes was measured after EV engulfment. Finally, miRNA expression in T lymphocytes and MVs of healthy individuals was compared with those of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. We demonstrate that, depending on the stimuli, distinct subtypes of EVs are released, differing in size and carrying a specific RNA profile. We observed an accumulation of distinct miRNAs in MVs after induction of apoptosis and the transfer of functional miRNA by MVs into human monocytes. MVs released from apoptotic cells provoke less of an inflammatory response than those released from viable cells. MiR‐155*, miR‐34b and miR‐34a levels in T lymphocytes and corresponding MVs were deregulated in SLE when compared to healthy individuals.
Toll like Receptor 2 engagement on CD4+ T cells promotes TH9 differentiation and function
Authors: Karim Ahmad Faisal , Reba Scott M. , Li Qing , Boom W. Henry , Rojas Roxana E.
Published: June 2017

We have recently demonstrated that mycobacterial ligands engage Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) on CD4+ T cells and up‐regulate T‐cell receptor (TCR) triggered Th1 responses in vitro and in vivo. To better understand the role of T‐cell expressed TLR2 on CD4+ T‐cell differentiation and function, we conducted a gene expression analysis of murine naïve CD4+ T‐cells stimulated in the presence or absence of TLR2 co‐stimulation. Unexpectedly, naïve CD4+ T‐cells co‐stimulated via TLR2 showed a significant up‐regulation of Il9 mRNA compared to cells co‐stimulated via CD28. Under TH9 differentiation, we observed up‐regulation of TH9 differentiation, evidenced by increases in both percent of IL‐9 secreting cells and IL‐9 in culture supernatants in the presence of TLR2 agonist both in polyclonal and Ag85B cognate peptide specific stimulations. Under non‐polarizing conditions, TLR2 engagement on CD4+ T‐cells had minimal effect on IL‐9 secretion and TH9 differentiation, likely due to a prominent effect of TLR2 signaling on IFN‐γ secretion and TH1 differentiation. We also report that, TLR2 signaling in CD4+ T cells increased expression of transcription factors BATF and PU.1, known to positively regulate TH9 differentiation. These results reveal a novel role of T‐cell expressed TLR2 in enhancing the differentiation and function of TH9 T cells.
CD1b‐mycolic acid tetramers demonstrate T‐cell fine specificity for mycobacterial lipid tails
Authors: Van Rhijn Ildiko , Iwany Sarah K. , Fodran Peter , Cheng Tan‐Yun , Gapin Laurent , Minnaard Adriaan J. , Moody D. Branch
Published: June 2017

Mycobacterium tuberculosis synthesizes a thick cell wall comprised of mycolic acids (MA), which are foreign antigens for human T cells. T‐cell clones from multiple donors were used to determine the fine specificity of MA recognition by human αβ T cells. Most CD1‐presented lipid antigens contain large hydrophilic head groups comprised of carbohydrates or peptides that dominate patterns of T‐cell specificity. MA diverges from the consensus antigen motif in that it lacks a head group. Using multiple forms of natural and synthetic MA and MA‐specific T‐cells with different T‐cell receptors, we found that, unlike antigens with larger head groups, lipid length strongly controlled T‐cell responses to MA. In addition, the three forms of MA that naturally occur in M. tuberculosis that differ in modifications on the lipid tail, differ in their potency for activating MA‐specific T‐cell clones. Thus, naturally occurring MA forms should be considered as separate, partly cross‐reactive antigens. Two of the three forms of MA could be loaded onto human CD1b proteins, creating working CD1b‐MA tetramers. The creation of CD1b‐MA tetramers represents a new tool for future studies that track the effector functions and kinetics of MA‐specific T‐cells ex vivo.
Aphapolins A and B: Two Nemoralisin Diterpenoids Isolated from Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R. Parker
Authors: Fang Fu‐Hu , Huang Wen‐Jun , Zhou Shuang‐Yan , Han Zheng‐Zhi , Li Man‐Yu , Liu Li‐Fang , Wu Xiao‐Zhen , Yao Xiao‐Jun , Li Ya , Yuan Cheng‐Shan
Published: June 2017

Aphapolin A, a nemoralisin‐type diterpenoid possessing a unique 4/5‐fused‐ring system that is unprecedented in previously reported nemoralisin diterpenoid, and aphapolin B, a novel nemoralisin‐type diterpenoid derivative containing a benzofuran moiety, along with a new natural product were isolated from Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R. Parker. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by spectroscopy data, X‐ray crystallography diffraction analysis, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Plausible biosynthetic pathways of aphapolins A and B were also delineated.
Iodine‐Mediated Domino C(sp2)–H Sulfonylation/Annulation of Enaminones and Sulfonyl Hydrazines for the Synthesis of 3‐Sulfonyl Chromones
Authors: Wan Jie‐Ping , Zhong Shanshan , Guo Yanhui , Wei Li
Published: June 2017

Radical C(sp2)–H sulfonylation and C(sp2)–N bond oxygenation enabling the chemoselective synthesis of 3‐sulfonyl chromones by using enaminones and sulfonyl hydrazines were accomplished. The domino reactions ran well by using molecular iodine without the assistance of any strong oxidant such as a peroxide or a hypervalent metal salt.
Do trend following strategies work in Chinese futures markets?
Authors: Li Bin , Zhang Di , Zhou Yang
Published: June 2017

We examine the performance of trend following strategies in Chinese commodity futures markets. We provide evidence that trend following‐based technical trading rules yield better performance than the buy and hold strategy on both individual contracts and sorted portfolios. The outperformance is robust to transaction costs, data frequency, sub‐prime crisis, shorting constraint, delayed execution, liquidity and parameters. Finally, the profitability of the trend following strategy may be subject to data snooping bias.
Extraction of dynamic functional connectivity from brain grey matter and white matter for MCI classification
Authors: Chen Xiaobo , Zhang Han , Zhang Lichi , Shen Celina , Lee Seong‐Whan , Shen Dinggang
Published: June 2017

Brain functional connectivity (FC) extracted from resting‐state fMRI (RS‐fMRI) has become a popular approach for diagnosing various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its prodromal stage, mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Current studies mainly construct the FC networks between grey matter (GM) regions of the brain based on temporal co‐variations of the blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) signals, which reflects the synchronized neural activities. However, it was rarely investigated whether the FC detected within the white matter (WM) could provide useful information for diagnosis. Motivated by the recently proposed functional correlation tensors (FCT) computed from RS‐fMRI and used to characterize the structured pattern of local FC in the WM, we propose in this article a novel MCI classification method based on the information conveyed by both the FC between the GM regions and that within the WM regions. Specifically, in the WM, the tensor‐based metrics (e.g., fractional anisotropy [FA], similar to the metric calculated based on diffusion tensor imaging [DTI]) are first calculated based on the FCT and then summarized along each of the major WM fiber tracts connecting each pair of the brain GM regions. This could capture the functional information in the WM, in a similar network structure as the FC network constructed for the GM, based only on the same RS‐fMRI data. Moreover, a sliding window approach is further used to partition the voxel‐wise BOLD signal into multiple short overlapping segments. Then, both the FC and FCT between each pair of the brain regions can be calculated based on the BOLD signal segments in the GM and WM, respectively. In such a way, our method can generate dynamic FC and dynamic FCT to better capture functional information in both GM and WM and further integrate them together by using our developed feature extraction, selection, and ensemble learning algorithms. The experimental results verify that the dynamic FCT can provide valuable functional information in the WM; by combining it with the dynamic FC in the GM, the diagnosis accuracy for MCI subjects can be significantly improved even using RS‐fMRI data alone.Hum Brain Mapp 38:5019–5034, 2017. ©2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.