bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Processes of Grammaticalization and Lexicalization in the Russian Verb System
Authors: Godizova Z. I. , Gabisova D. V.
Published: September 2024

The article presents the processes of grammaticalisation and lexicalisation that have taken place in the Russian verb system in the course of its historical development. The relevance of this problem is conditioned by the ability of grammaticalization theory to present the regularities of grammatical system formation in different languages. The article represents a brief study on the issues of grammaticalisation in Russian philology and different researchers’ understanding of this process. Methods of observation, description and classification as well as structural and quantitative ones were implemented in the course of the study. The application of the theory of grammaticalisation to the Russian verb revealed the main directions of grammaticalisation that explain the formation of various verb grammatical categories, grammatical forms and grammatical indicators. Diachronic analysis of the Russian verb categories and forms showed various factors of grammaticalization corresponding to the general language trend from specific to abstract: 1) transformation of notional words into grammatical indicators (the former encclitic form of the reflexive pronoun – sya becomes a post-fix indicator of reflexiveness and passive voice; phonetically reduced verb byti becomes a particle indicator of the subjunctive mood); 2) the transition of one verb form to another (participles with suffix -l, which were part of the analytic forms of the Perfect, Plusquamperfect and Subjunctive Mood replaced the past tense form in the temporal paradigm of personal forms); 3) grammaticalization of collocations (preservation of the transformed form of the future compound); 4) generalisation of meaning (the grammatical category of aspect is based on the semantic category of limitedness/unlimitedness of action, a universal feature applied to all verbs); 5) filling lexical gaps in the system of form coinage (leading to appearance of future participles); 6) transformation of notional words into form words (onversion of adverbial participles into prepositions). The study has also revealed the opposite process in the verb system, that is, lexicalisation of the grammatical form of the perfect (and plusquamperfect). The loss of the perfect as a grammatical form has occurred, but the dual temporal semantics of the perfect itself is expressed by the short and long perfect participles, the personal forms of the perfect and imperfect verb with the favorable lexical meaning of the verb forms or due to the appropriate context and situation.
The Ideal of a Russian Ladylove in Oscar Wilde’s Play: some features of Vera Sabouroff’s image
Authors: Bobyleva T. V.
Published: September 2024

Vera Sabouroff in Vera; or, the Nihilists by Oscar Wilde is stereotypically interpreted as a nihilist.

   The purpose of the article is to reveal some of Vera’s features as a (loving and loved) Russian woman.

   The article suggests that Oscar Wilde might have known the main meanings of the female name Vera (‘faith’, ‘trust’) in Russian and thus emphasized its connection with the verb trust. The following meanings of the name Vera are revealed in the play context: faith in God; faith in humanity, kindness, and justice; faith as trust in love (Vera’s trust saves Alexis’s life, etc.). The qualitative and quantitative analysis explores six features in Vera’s image. Three of them reflect her female nature (Devoted Woman, Snegurochka, Knight’s Lady) and the three others describe the romantic context of her life (Impossibility of Happiness for Woman, Chance of Happiness for Woman, True Love). The results show that Knight’s Lady and Devoted Woman are the predominant features of Vera’s nature, while True Love is the predominant feature of the romantic context of Vera’s life. The research results also reveal Vera Sabouroff’s resemblance to some portraits of the Russian woman from history and literature of the 19th century. Vera’s care for prisoners brings to mind the Decembrist’s wife (a symbol of Russian woman’s self-sacrifice). Vera’s distantness in love and contrastive semantics of snow / chill / water versus flame / light / heat / sun reveal her as an incarnation of Snegurochka (Snow Maiden). Vera’s figurative coldness and nearly physical resistance to love resemble Anna Odintsova in Fathers and Sons by Ivan S. Turgenev. The contrast of exterior coldness and a fiery heart in Vera’s image remind of Tatyana Larina in Eugene Onegin by Alexander S. Pushkin. Comparing the peasant girl Vera both to the sun and an empress echoes Nikolay A. Nekrasov’s lines praising the merits of Russian peasant women in The Red-Nosed Frost. Translations of these works appeared within two decades before Wilde’s play premiere (1883). Thus, Vera’s image might have been formed in Wilde’s mind gradually. Comparing Vera to the morning sun poetically completes her image as a woman whose warmth defeats her own former coldness and whose light dispels the fatal dark in the male character’s soul.

   The results of the research widen our understanding of the Russian culture influence on Oscar Wilde’s work.
Enhancing Hepatitis B Awareness and Risk Management in Barbershops and Salons: A Call for Tailored Interventions
Authors: Al Afnan Laila
Published: September 2024

The study “Assessment of Hepatitis B Virus Knowledge and Risks Among Barbers and Beauty Salon Workers in Tanzania” conducted in Mwanza City revealed significant knowledge gaps among participants, particularly those with lower education levels, with 36.5% reporting needlestick injuries and only 2% vaccinated against hepatitis B virus. Education level emerged as a critical factor influencing awareness, stressing the need for targeted interventions to reduce transmission risks. Limitations, such as sample size and generalizability, were noted, along with the importance of tailored interventions, advanced statistical methods, and longitudinal studies in future research is needed.
Skin Cancer or Locally Advanced Mammary Carcinoma: A Discussion of Cutaneous Pathology on the Male Chest
Authors: Das Rishub , Thayer Wesley , Sweeting Raeshell
Published: September 2024

Background. Cutaneous pathology on the male chest has a broad differential diagnosis that includes both malignant and benign processes. Surgeons—including surgical oncologists, dermatologic surgeons, plastic surgeons, and thoracic surgeons—may be consulted for management or evaluation of these conditions at various stages of the diagnostic work-up. No single surgical specialty manages all cutaneous pathology that arises on the male chest. Case Report. To illustrate the challenges and utility of imaging for diagnosis in the male breast, a clinical example is provided of an 82-year-old male who presented with an ulcerated plaque on the chest with involvement of the nipple areolar complex. The patient underwent shave biopsy and was initially diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma; however, after resection he was found to have invasive mammary carcinoma. Conclusion. Careful assessment, investigation, and understanding of pathology that may present on the male chest are key to making the correct diagnosis and avoiding treatment delays.
Development of Models and Algorithms Information Structures Processes and Objects of Special Importance
Authors: Сумин В.И. , Чураков Д.Ю. , Царькова Е.Г.
Published: September 2024

В работе рассматриваются методы построения информационных структур и процессов при анализе негативных воздействий на объектах собой важности. Рассматриваются методы повышения эффективности охранной системы объекта, представляющей собой систему сбора, обработки и хранения информации. Исследуются возможности автоматизации рассматриваемых процессов. Приведена схема оценки охранных систем объектов особой важности с учетом соответствия устанавливаемых на объекте технических средств реально существующим вероятным негативным воздействиям. Описаны подходы к формированию моделей объекта на основе полного перечня потенциальных негативных воздействий, приведены способы отсева воздействий из общего перечня по приоритету и уровню потерь. Подчеркивается влияние окружающей обстановки на формирование информационных процессов и структур объекта особой важности, а также на вероятность реализации негативных воздействий. Построены алгоритмы отсева угроз безопасности из полного перечня потенциальных происшествий. Показана возможность использования разработанных алгоритмов, схем, структур, процессов и методов в процессе создания автоматизированной системы защиты объекта.

The paper discusses the methods of building information structures and processes in the analysis of negative impacts on objects of importance. The methods of increasing the effectiveness of the security system of the object, which is a system of collection, processing and storage of information. Possibilities of automation of the considered processes are investigated. The scheme of an assessment of security systems of objects of special importance taking into account compliance of the technical means established on object to really existing probable negative influences is given. Approaches to the formation of object models on the basis of a full list of potential negative impacts are described, methods of elimination of impacts from the General list by priority and level of losses are given. The influence of the environment on the formation of information processes and structures of the object of special importance, as well as the probability of negative impacts. Algorithms of elimination of security threats from the full list of potential accidents are constructed. The possibility of using the developed algorithms, schemes, structures, processes and methods in the process of creating an automated system of object protection is shown.
Calculation by Elastic Vibrations Energy in Real-time with Use 8-bit Common Destination Microcontroller
Authors: Сенин Л.Н. , Сенина Т.Е.
Published: September 2024

В сейсмических исследованиях одними из наиболее значимых методов являются мониторинговые наблюдения за сейсмической активностью. При регистрации упругих колебаний на поверхности земли многими записывающими устройствами, передача этих данных в пункт обработки информации в реальном времени затруднительна в силу больших объемов цифровых данных. Задачу можно решить, включив в состав программного обеспечения микроконтроллерного регистрирующего прибора функцию вычисления энергии импульсов упругих колебаний с последующей записью на диск либо передачей в пункт обработки. Это значительно снизит плотность цифрового информационного потока. Потеря детальности при обработке сейсмических сигналов в этом случае компенсируется оперативностью оценки сейсмической активности изучаемых площадей земной поверхности.

Monitoring by seismic activity is very important method in seismic investigations. Seismic monitoring it is recording seismic information by lot of devices. This data is impossible transmit to the machining center in real-time, because of big volume digital data. To solve this problem we can if include to microcontroller instruction function calculation of elastic vibrations energy and recording it on the flash, or transmit it to machining center. This process reduce closeness by digital stream of seismic information. of course, we lose particular processing seismic signals, but this compensation responsiveness by estimation seismic activity on the day surface.
RULE-BASED EXPERT SYSTEM FOR CREATING A KNOWLEDGE BASE ON AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES
Authors: Сидняев Н.И. , Бутенко Ю.И. , Болотова Е.Е.
Published: September 2024

В статье раскрыты основные принципы построения интеллектуальных систем в авиационной промышленности. Разработана структурно-функциональная схема интеллектуальной системы для программно-аппаратной реализации конструктивных оперативно-советующих экспертных систем в самолетостроении, приведены логические зависимости, реализующие функции создания базы данных. Раскрыты принципы реализации векторов действий оператора по его вторичной модели на базе конструктивных переменных и признаков, корреляции признака с выполнением работы, пороги нарушенной работоспособности и выводы, относящиеся к признаку. Показано, что ядром любой интеллектуальной системы является база знаний, которая описывает определенную предметную область. Представление знаний в системах искусственного интеллекта — это не только фундаментальное понятие, но и решающий аспект их разработки. Модели представления знаний позволяют перевести пассивную информацию, хранящуюся в виде чертежей и документов, в активный информационный ресурс. Постулируется, что выбор правильной модели знания в экспертных системах в авиационной промышленности играет важное значение, и в большинстве случаев становится основой выбора подхода к решению той или иной задачи.

The article describes the basic principles of building intelligent systems in the aviation industry. The structural-functional scheme of intelligent system for software and hardware implementation of constructive operational-advising expert systems in aircraft manufacturing has been developed, logical dependencies that implement the functions of creating a database are provided. The principles of implementation of the operator’s actions vectors by its secondary model based on design variables and attributes, correlation of the characteristic with the performance of work, thresholds of impaired performance and conclusions relating to the characteristic are disclosed. It is shown that the core of any intellectual system is a knowledge base that describes a specific subject area. Knowledge representation in artificial intelligence systems is not only a fundamental concept, but also a crucial aspect of their development. Model of knowledge representation allows to translate the passive information in the form of drawings and documents in the active information resource. It is postulated that the choice of the correct model of knowledge in expert systems in the aviation industry is important, and in most cases becomes the basis for choosing an approach to solving a problem.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION WITH USING LIPOSOMAL TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Кудрякова Г.Х. , Роева Н.Н. , Янковский С.А. , Воронич С.С. , Зайцев Д.А.
Published: September 2024

Некоторые экологические проблемы могут быть решены с помощью липосом. Так, эффективность использования микроорганизмов для биологического разложения органических отходов и промышленных загрязнений зависит от их обеспечения веществами, необходимыми для их роста и размножения. В этом случае липосомы могут быть использованы для доставки клеткам недостающих питательных элементов, минеральных добавок и ростовых веществ. Кроме того, при нефтяных загрязнениях добавление липосом значительно облегчает удаление нефти с поверхности воды и из почвы, эффективно удаляет из жидких сред токсичных и радиоактивных металлов. Использование липосом в производстве красок и лакокрасочных материалов позволяет отказаться от применения экологически вредных органических растворителей. Рассказывается о том, что такое липосомы, какими свойствами они обладают и как их выбирают под те или иные нужды, какими они бывают и основные способы их получения в промышленности.

Some environmental problems can be solved with liposomes. Thus, the efficiency of using microorganisms for the biological decomposition of organic waste and industrial pollution depends on their provision with the substances necessary for their growth and reproduction. In this case, the liposomes can be used to deliver the missing nutrients, mineral supplements and growth substances to the cells. In addition, for oil pollution, the addition of liposomes greatly facilitates the removal of oil from the surface of the water and from the soil, and effectively removes toxic and radioactive metals from liquid media. The use of liposomes in the manufacture of paints and paintwork materials eliminates the use of environmentally harmful organic solvents. The presented article describes what liposomes are, what properties they possess and how they are chosen for particular needs, as they are, and the main ways of their production in industry.
"The silence before the storm" in tango by E. Schulhoff
Authors: Рыбалова М.М.
Published: September 2024

Актуальность исследования и его научная новизна характеризуются тем, что в нем впервые проанализированы танго Э. Шульхофа с точки зрения трактовки жанра. Чешско-немецкий композитор Эрвин Шульхоф (1894–1942 гг.) вошел в историю как экстравагантный, эпатажный, не признающий никаких границ в искусстве представитель авангарда первой волны. Его всегда интересовала окружающая действительность, он никогда не стеснялся открыто выражать собственное мнение, в том числе и в области политики, за что был сослан в фашистский концлагерь во время Второй мировой войны. Ему были чужды напускная чопорность и мнимое благородство. Шульхоф – один из первых композиторов Европы, обратившихся к джазу и танго. Сдерживаемая роковая страсть, присущая жанру танго, воплотилась в произведениях композитора как выражение настроения «тишины перед бурей», о чём писал сам автор. Объектом исследования являются отдельные части циклических сочинений Э. Шульхофа, написанные в характере танго, предметом – особенности трактовки данного жанра. Цель статьи – определить семантику жанра танго в творчестве композитора. Гипотеза исследования: танго служит средством выражения настроения «тишины перед бурей».

The relevance of the study and its scientific novelty are characterized in that it first analyzed the tango by E. Schulhoff from the point of view of the genre interpretation. The Czech-German composer Erwin Schulhoff (1894–1942) went down in history as an extravagant, shocking, not recognizing any boundaries in the art of the avant-garde representative of the first wave. He was always interested in the reality, he never hesitated to express his opinion frankly, including in politics, for which he was exiled to a German concentration camp during the Second world war. Apparent stiffness and false dignity – it was not about him. Schulhoff is one of the first European composers who began to turn in his work to jazz and tango. The restrained fatal passion inherent in the genre of tango found its embodiment in the composer's work as an expression of the mood of "silence before the storm", as the author himself wrote. The object of research is the individual parts of cyclical compositions by E. Schulhoff written in the character of the tango, the subject is the peculiarities of interpretation of the genre. The purpose of the article is to determine the semantics of the tango genre in the composer’s work. The research hypothesis is the following: tango serves as a means of expressing the mood of "silence before the storm."
Darius Milhaud’s Octet: contrapuntal technique in polycomposition conditions
Authors: Жалнин В.В.
Published: September 2024

Поликомпозиция в творчестве Д. Мийо стала проявлением его полиструктурных идей. Первые предпосылки к поликомпозиции можно обнаружить в Этюде для фортепиано с оркестром op. 63 № 3, представлявшем собой совместное звучание четырёх самостоятельных фуг. Впервые к поликомпозиции французский автор обратился в Струнном октете op. 291, который может исполняться и в качестве двух самостоятельных струнных квартетов. В статье рассматривается полифоническая техника каждого из квартетов и формирование на этой основе более сложного структурного принципа – поликомпозиции.

Polycomposition in the Darius Milhaud’s heritage became a manifestation of composer’s polystructural ideas. The first prerequisites for polycomposition can be found in Etude op.63№3 for piano and orchestra, which is a superimposition of four independent fugues. For the first time, a French composer turned to polycomposition in the Octet op.291, which can also be performed as two separate string quartets. The article deals with the polyphonic technique of each of the quartets and the formation on this basis of a more complex structural principle – polycomposition.
Fractal approach to Monte Carlo based numerical simulation of photon transport in biological tissues
Authors: Потлов А.Ю.
Published: September 2024

В работе представлен вычислительно эффективный подход к математическому моделированию процесса миграции фотонов в биологических тканях. При этом ткани живых организмов описываются как сильно рассеивающие среды с явно выраженной анизотропией и относительным показателем преломления выше, чем у воздуха. Предложенный подход представляет собой модифицированную версию метода статистических испытаний Монте-Карло, в связи с чем вычисление длины свободного пробега фотона, вероятности акта поглощения или рассеяния, потери энергии при акте поглощения, нового направления движения в случае акта рассеяния и поведения фотона на границе моделируемого объекта или его отдельного относительно обособленного участка производятся по классическим формулам. Главной отличительной особенностью предложенного решения является описание пакета фотонов в виде древовидного фрактала. При этом опорная траектория просчитывается классическим образом, а остальные достраиваются по принципу самоподобия с поправкой на наличие или отсутствие областей резкой смены оптических свойств. Такой подход позволяет повысить производительность вычислений посредством снижения количества фотонов в пакете при пропорциональном увеличении количества рассматриваемых пакетов. Предложенное решение предназначено для использования при разработке новых и совершенствовании известных методов оптической томографии и эластографии.

The paper presents a computationally efficient approach to mathematical modeling of the photon migration process in biological tissues. In this case, the tissues of living organisms are described as strongly scattering media with pronounced anisotropy and a relative refractive index higher than that of air. The proposed approach is a modified version of the Monte Carlo statistical testing method, in connection with which the calculation of the photon mean free path, the probability of an absorption or scattering act, energy loss during an absorption act, a new direction of motion in the case of an act of scattering and the behavior of a photon at the boundary of the modeled object or its separate relatively isolated section are performed according to classical formulas. The main distinctive feature of the proposed solution is the description of a photon packet as a tree-like fractal. In this case, the reference trajectory is calculated in the classical way, and the rest are completed according to the principle of self-similarity, adjusted for the presence or absence of areas of abrupt change in optical properties. This approach allows increasing the computing performance by reducing the number of photons in a packet with a proportional increase in the number of packets under consideration. The proposed solution is intended for use in the development of new and improvement of known methods of optical tomography and elastography.
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization with Conductive Polymers
Authors: Stern Quentin , Verhaeghe Guillaume , El Daraï Théo , Montarnal Damien , Huu Le Nghia , Veyre Laurent , Thieuleux Chloé , Bocquelet Charlotte , Cala Olivier , Jannin Sami
Published: September 2024

The low sensitivity of liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can be overcome by hyperpolarizing nuclear spins by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP). It consists of transferring the near-unity polarization of unpaired electron spins of stable radicals to the nuclear spins of interest at liquid helium temperatures, below 2 K, before melting the sample in view of hyperpolarized liquid-state magnetic resonance experiments. Reaching such a temperature is challenging and requires complex instrumentation, which impedes the deployment of dDNP. Here, we propose organic conductive polymers such as polyaniline (PANI) as a new class of polarizing matrices and report 1H polarizations of up to 5%. We also show that 13C spins of a host solution impregnated in porous conductive polymers can be hyperpolarized by relayed DNP. Such conductive polymers can be synthesized as chiral and display current induced spin selectivity leading to electron spin hyperpolarization close to unity without the need for low temperatures nor high magnetic fields. Our results show the feasibility of solid-state DNP in conductive polymers that are known to exhibit chirality-induced spin selectivity.
Chemoinformatic characterization of NAPROC-13: A database for natural product 13C NMR dereplication
Authors: Avellaneda-Tamayo Juan F. , Agudo-Muñoz Naicolette A. , Sánchez-Galán Javier E. , López-Pérez José Luis , Medina-Franco José L.
Published: September 2024

Natural products (NPs) are secondary metabolites of natural origin with broad applications across various human activities, particularly discovering bioactive compounds. Structural elucidation of new NPs entails significant cost and effort. On the other hand, the dereplication of known compounds is crucial for the early exclusion of irrelevant compounds in contemporary pharmaceutical research. NAPROC-13 stands out as a publicly accessible database, providing structural and 13C NMR spectroscopic information for over 25,000 compounds, rendering it a pivotal resource in natural product (NP) research, favoring open science. This study seeks to quantitatively analyze the chemical content, structural diversity, and chemical space coverage of NPs within NAPROC-13, compared to FDA-approved drugs and a very diverse subset of NPs, UNPD-A. Findings indicated that NPs in NAPROC-13 exhibit comparable properties to those in UNPD-A, albeit showcasing a notably diverse array of structural content, scaffolds, ring systems of pharmaceutical interest, and molecular fragments. NAPROC-13 covers a specific region of the chemical multiverse (a generalization of the chemical space from different chemical representations) regarding physicochemical properties and a region as broad as UNPD-A in terms of structural features represented by fingerprints.
Wireless potentiometry of thermochemical heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Razdan Neil , Westendorff Karl , Surendranath Yogesh
Published: September 2024

Catalyst surfaces in contact with liquid media are subject to spontaneous charge transfer reactions that electrically polarize the solid-liquid interface. Consequently, the electrochemical potential, Ecat, of the surface is a critical parameter that defines the free-energy landscape of catalysis. Ecat can be readily measured for a catalyst supported on a conductive material and wired to an external circuit but is difficult to quantify for the vast majority of thermochemical catalysts that are supported on electrical insulators. This measurement gap has impeded a unifying understanding of the role of electrochemical polarization in thermochemical catalysis. Herein, we develop a methodology for quantifying Ecat of metal catalysts supported on insulators by introducing a small concentration of a redox-active molecule to establish a wireless electrical connection between the dispersed catalyst and an inert sensing electrode. We validate this approach by quantifying Ecat during catalytic reactions involving H2 or O2 in water and acetonitrile solvent. Using this methodology, we expose distinct rate-potential scalings for aerobic formic acid oxidation catalysis on SiO2- and Al2O3- versus TiO2-supported Pt catalysts. The methodology we develop herein enables the broad-based investigation of the role of electrochemical polarization in thermochemical catalysis.
Storytelling na granicy pól. Rola opowieści w nauce
Authors: Kołodziej Arkadiusz
Published: September 2024

W poszczególnych względnie autonomicznych polach, tak jak definiował je Pierre Bourdieu, toczy się walka o zasoby i pozycje społeczne. Rywalizacja ta przebiega zgodnie z określonymi w danym polu zasadami gry. Względna autonomiczność pól wyraża się między innymi w warunkowej przenikalności aktorów poszczególnych obszarów świata społecznego. I tak naukowiec, wypowiadając się w telewizji, przechodzi z pola akademickiego do pola mediów. Przejście to wiąże się z akceptacją zasad komunikacji. W tym samym czasie komisje tworzone w polu polityki opracowują raporty odwołujące się do metodologii naukowej (ponownie zapraszając ludzi nauki). Pola nie mają więc precyzyjnie wytyczonych granic, co nie przekreśla faktu, że łatwo wskazać ich swoistość, która czyni różnicę. Wśród differentia specifica poszczególnych pól wyszczególnić należy formę komunikowania. Jednym z dostępnych sposobów komunikowania wewnątrz i na zewnątrz pola jest storytelling. Trudno znaleźć pole, które jednoznacznie wykluczałoby „opowieść”. To świadczy o jej uniwersalności. Z drugiej strony opowieść, wywodząc się z przekazu potocznego, nie w pełni wpisuje się w ogół reguł poszczególnych pól, co sprawia, że jest częściowo niekoherentna, a nawet obca. Pozostając na granicy pól, stanowi szansę w rywalizacji o pozycję czy zasoby. Poszerzeniu granicy pola towarzyszy jednak także pewne zagrożenie wynikające z odwoływania się do „granicznych” technik komunikacji. W artykule przeanalizuję ograniczenia płynące z wykorzystania storytellingu w obszarze nauki.
Zakłócenia antropocentrycznej narracji. O relacjach człowieka z naturą
Authors: Nieroba Elżbieta
Published: September 2024

Zmiany klimatyczne, których obecnie jesteśmy świadkami, nie są jedynie kwestią techniczną, której rozwiązań poszukuje nauka. Badaczki i badacze są zgodni, że mamy do czynienia z kryzysem kultury oraz wyobraźni. Narracje, na których opierają się współczesne społeczeństwa, doprowadziły nas do punktu, w którym Ziemia przestała być miejscem przyjaznym do życia. Celem artykułu jest przyjrzenie się, w jaki sposób narracje muzealne prezentują relacje człowieka z naturą. Przedstawiam argumenty, dlaczego socjologiczne spojrzenie na muzeum może być wartościowym poznawczo podejściem do analizy zagadnień kryzysu klimatycznego. W kolejnych częściach publikacji prezentuję moje podejście do narracji z perspektywy socjologicznej oraz naświetlam rolę muzeów historii naturalnej w produkowaniu i reprodukowaniu dominujących narracji na temat relacji człowieka z naturą. Sprecyzuję przy tym założenia metodologiczne badań. Materiał empiryczny stanowiły teksty towarzyszące dwóm wystawom w muzeach historii naturalnej – przyjrzenie się im przez pryzmat krytycznej analizy dyskursu miało na celu uchwycenie propagowanego obrazu świata. Analiza wykazała, że muzea podjęły wysiłek opowiadania o naturze w nowy sposób – nie tworzą jednak jeszcze nowego języka do opowieści o naszych powiązaniach z naturą i posiłkują się pojęciami ze słownika antropocentrycznego.
Show that we exist: Iraqi women’s stories, Rita Leistner, and her seeking human(ity) in the images of conflict
Authors: Kukiełko Kalina , Tomanek Krzysztof
Published: September 2024

This article presents an analysis of one of the socio-artistic projects of the Canadian photographer Rita Leistner. Her work focuses mainly on how humans function during conflict and crises, including internal ones, but also includes initiatives related to environmental protection and fortitude displayed by her characters in everyday life. By focusing on the human condition and the situation of humanism today, Leistner demonstrates concern and a profound sense of empathy. Our reflections focus on the Safer here project, which tells the story of women incarcerated against their will in a Baghdad psychiatric hospital. Leistner presented their daily struggle for survival, their dignified lives, and how they come to terms with their plight. It was originally part of Unembedded, a project of four photojournalists stationed in Iraq. Our aim is to place Leistner’s story in a broader context that considers how war stories are created and presented to the world. We also consider the demanding and difficult role played by artists in this process, who try to find a balance between being interpreters and being historians. Leistner’s work shows her as, above all, an activist fighting for public attention and empathy for war victims. We use storytelling and visual analysis in our empirical investigations.
Tajna współpraca ze Służbą Bezpieczeństwa: szkic teoretyczny
Authors: Wicenty Daniel
Published: September 2024

Przedmiotem artykułu jest tajna współpraca informatorów z peerelowską Służbą Bezpieczeństwa, którą analizuję pod kątem teoretycznego modelowania. Proponuję definicję współpracy opartą na trzech kategoriach (utajnianie działań, zdrada, asymetria relacji), relacyjne rozumienie tajności oraz perspektywę teoretyczną zakorzenioną głównie w mikrosocjologii Georga Simmla (tajność w układzie diady i triady), Randalla Collinsa (rytuał interakcyjny) oraz Ervinga Goffmana (interakcja strategiczna). Rozwijam tezy wskazujące na napięcia wynikające z tworzenia pozorowanej bliskości i generowania energii emocjonalnej oraz z wypracowywania przewagi w relacji między tajnym współpracownikiem a funkcjonariuszem SB. Opisuję pola, na których dochodzi do gry o stworzenie przewagi: wymiar poznawczy, władzy, emocjonalny oraz dziur strukturalny. Rozważam także modelowe sytuacje nieudanej tajnej współpracy, jak również potencjał typologiczny informatorów na podstawie zaproponowanych kategorii.
APLICAÇÃO DO MODELO SHALSTAB, EM AMBIENTE ARCVIEW, PARA O MAPEAMENTO DE ÁREAS SUSCEPTÍVEIS A ESCORREGAMENTO RASO NA REGIÃO DO QUADRILÁTERO FERRÍFERO (MG)
Authors: Moreira Ramos Verônica , Fontes Guimarães Renato , Luciancencov Redivo André , Arnaldo Trancoso Gomes Roberto , Ferreira Fernandes Nelson , Abílio de Carvalho Júnior Osmar
Published: September 2024

Inúmeras metodologias vêm sendo desenvolvidas com o intuito de entender os fatores que condicionam o processo de movimento de massa. Neste propósito foi desenvolvido o modelo SHALSTAB que objetiva identificar e mapear as áreas de instabilidade nas encostas. Essa metodologia tem como referencial a modelagem matemática baseada na combinação de um modelo hidrológico com um modelo de estabilidade de encostas. Recentemente ela foi escrita em linguagem Avenue, sendo implementada para utilização no Software ArcView. Essa metodologia foi aplicada na região do Quadrilátero Ferrífero (MG) objetivando a identificação das áreas mais susceptíveis a ocorrência de escorregamentos rasos nessa região. Inicialmente, foi gerado um MDT e posteriormente foram determinados seus mapas derivados como área de contribuição e declividade. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que, mesmo utilizando dados de uma escala relativamente pequena para esse propósito (1:50.000) o modelo SHALSTAB mostrou-se uma ferramenta eficaz para identificar zonas susceptíveis a escorregamentos rasos.
MAPEAMENTO DO USO DA TERRA NO DISTRITO FEDERAL – 1964
Authors: Sanzio Araújo dos Anjos Rafael , Nixon Albuquerque Ricardo , Freitas Soares Alexandre
Published: September 2024

O presente trabalho mostra a metodologia desenvolvida em um dos mapeamentos de uso da terra realizado no Projeto Dinâmica das Transformações Territoriais no Distrito Federal do Brasil. A interpretação realizada com fotografias aéreas obtidas em 1964, gerou o mapa temático convencional na escala de 1:100.000, que posteriormente foi digitalizado e manipulado no sistema Arc View. As categorias de uso definidas foram organizadas em dois blocos. Primeiro, as formas constituintes do espaço natural: mata, cerrado, campo cerrado, mata de galeria e lago/lagoa e, em outro bloco, os aspectos dos espaços artificializados: área urbana consolidada, área urbana em formação, espaço agrícola, represa/barragem e solo exposto. O mapeamento revela a conformação do DF no momento histórico da “crise da capital” e os dados contribuem para completar a formação da série histórica do uso da terra, mapeamento fundamental para leitura das transformações territoriais.
BRASÍLIA: DO MITO AO PLANO, DA CIDADE SONHADA À CIDADE ADMINISTRATIVA
Authors: Peluso Marília Luíza
Published: September 2024

A construção da Capital da República funda-se num passado gestado em três momentos históricos que se articulam para produzir as formas modernas de Brasília: o primeiro corresponde à emergência da arquitetura modernista; o segundo, ancora-se no uso mítico dessa arquitetura para representar o progresso do país e o terceiro, no confronto entre a modernização e a realidade nacional. As práticas sociais decorrentes dos três momentos materializaram a estrutura urbana, na qual a preservação do espaçomodelo do Plano Piloto implicou na polinucleação urbana para fazer frente ao crescimento demográfico, às demandas habitacionais e ao mercado imobiliário. O processo eleitoral incorporou a prática dos agentes sociais, o que dificultou a preservação do território. Como resultado, no que seria o quarto momento, que mescla o antigo e o novo e aponta para o futuro, as áreas públicas vão sendo loteadas e invadidas, colocando em risco o patrimônio cultural do centro urbano, o Plano Piloto, e o patrimônio ambiental do conjunto do Distrito Federal. Nesse momento, a cidade mítica da fundação entra em contradição com a cidade administrativa da vida real e compatibilizá-las implica em soluções apropriadas e originais de planejamento.
IMAGENS COM ALTA RESOLUÇÃO ESPACIAL: NOVAS PERPECTIVAS PARA O SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO
Authors: Da Silva Pinheiro Eduardo
Published: September 2024

As imagens orbitais com alta resolução espacial trouxeram inovações para as pesquisas em Sensoriamento Remoto. O uso desses dados permite realizar mapeamentos e monitoramentos detalhados de alvos na superfície terrestre. A presente contribuição descreve as principais características dos satélites IKONOS II e QUICKBIRD, apresenta métodos para a correção geométrica de suas imagens. Finalmente, descreve a classificação orientada ao objeto, sugerida pela literatura especializada como alternativa para a extração de informações das imagens com alta resolução espacial.
SUPRIMENTO DE POTÁSSIO E PESQUISA DE USO DE ROCHAS “IN NATURA” NA AGRICULTURA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Vilela de Resende Álvaro , De Souza Martins Éder , Gouveia de Oliveira Claudinei , Coelho de Sena Mariana , Torres Toledo Machado Cynthia , Ioshiteru Kinpara Daniel , Cyrino de Oliveira Filho Eduardo
Published: September 2024

Conseqüência da baixa fertilidade natural dos solos, da elevada demanda de potássio (K) na agricultura e da reduzida reserva brasileira de minérios de K, a importação de fertilizantes potássicos tem representado grande ônus à balança comercial do País. Há cerca de 30 anos, tentativas de utilização de rochas como fontes locais de K não obtiveram sucesso devido à baixa solubilidade natural dos minerais constituintes ou ao elevado custo dos processos industriais de obtenção de fertilizantes a partir dessas fontes. Entretanto, nos últimos anos, outros tipos de rochas têm se mostrado promissoras no fornecimento de K, mesmo quando aplicadas “in natura”, simplesmente moídas. Isso motivou o estabelecimento de uma rede de pesquisa para estudar o potencial de utilização de tais rochas em âmbito nacional.
GEOGRAFIA MÍTICA DA UMBANDA: USOS E APROPRIAÇÕES SIMBÓLICAS DOS ESPAÇOS URBANOS
Authors: Charles Barros Sulivan
Published: September 2024

Os terreiros afro-brasileiros são considerados como espaços sociais, míticos, simbólicos, onde a natureza e seus fiéis se unem para viver uma realidade diferente daquela que o cotidiano ou a sociedade lhes apresenta como o real, na qual as pessoas que o constituem acreditam. São vistos como lócus da força vital que pode ser conservada, manuseada e transmitida. Suas instalações estão impregnadas do simbolismo religioso e são tidas como extensões da essência vital de suas “entidades” patronas vinculada ao modo de vida urbano, na construção de suas organizações e discursos subalternos e no confronto histórico de suas crenças.
NOTÍCIAS DE ENCONTROS: A CIDADE E O URBANO: DISCUTINDO O CONCEITO DE “CENTRALIDADES LÚDICAS”
Authors: Serpa Angelo
Published: September 2024

O texto que se segue subsidiou intervenção na Mesa-Redonda “A Cidade e o Urbano”, no âmbito do Workshop “Desigualdades sócioespaciais: Uma visão geográfica”, realizado pelo Grupo de Estudos Urbanos (GEU) e o Departamento de Geografia da Universidade de Brasília (UnB), nos dias 6 e 7 de dezembro de 2006 no campus da UnB.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE ZONAS DE SATURAÇÃO NA PAISAGEM A PARTIR DE DADOS DE TRANSMISSIVIDADE OBTIDOS EM CAMPO NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO JARDIM (DF)
Authors: Arruda Damacena Fernando , Fontes Guimarães Renato , De Castro Catão Rafael , Trancoso Gomes Roberto Arnaldo , Lima Ramos Barbosa Felipe , Abílio de Carvalho Júnior Osmar , De Souza Martins Éder
Published: September 2024

Saturação do solo é um tema que desperta o interesse tanto da comunidade científica quanto da população em geral. Afinal, sua ocorrência pode desencadear graves problemas a sociedade. Por esse motivo, diversos autores já trabalharam esse tema sob variados pontos de vista. Nesse trabalho, o fenômeno foi abordado por meio da modelagem hidrológica / matemática desenvolvida por O’Loughlin (1986) e aplicada na bacia hidrográfica do rio Jardim, localizada na porção leste do Distrito Federal (DF). Para a aplicação do modelo, foram utilizados dados pluviométricos, transmissividade do solo, área de contribuição e a própria declividade do local dentro de um ambiente de sistema de informação geográfica. Foi definido um cenário de chuva, com intuito de se observar como os solos da bacia se comportam em relação à saturação. Os dados de transmissividade foram obtidos pontualmente apenas para a área do alto rio Jardim e interpolados. O modelo foi aplicado, para obtenção do mapa de saturação na paisagem (para o alto Jardim) que quando comparado com o mapa de solos evidenciou as diferentes capacidades de absorção da água dos solos na região. A partir da identificação dos valores de transmissividade característicos de cada classe de solo, para o alto Jardim, utilizou-se um valor médio para as classes de solo de toda a bacia e desta forma foi elaborado o mapa de saturação na paisagem em toda sua extensão. Este mapeamento possibilita identificar o comportamento hidráulico dos solos na paisagem podendo subsidiar o mapeamento de solos bem como orientar ações para fins de planejamento do uso da terra.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DO PROGRAMA WINGIS PARA ANÁLISE DE INFORMAÇÕES GEOGRÁFICAS
Authors: Macedo Pinheiro Dhiancarlo , Correia da Silva Nilton
Published: September 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo utilizar um framework para desenvolvimento de aplicações (QT) visando à elaboração de interfaces para visualização integrada de dados espaciais vetoriais. Para tanto, esta pesquisa baseia-se nos formalismos matemáticos referentes a coordenadas plano retangulares e implementação de visualizações bidimensionais de dados vetoriais utilizando funções do MapServer. Como produto final, foi desenvolvido o protótipo WinGis que consiste em um ambiente amigável para leitura, visualização e integração de dados espaciais vetoriais. Este protótipo permite realizar uma análise conjunta de diferentes informações espaciais (pontos, linhas e polígonos) de um dado recorte espacial.
MAPA DE ADEQUAÇÃO DE USO DAS TERRAS COMO SUBSÍDIO À ELABORAÇÃO DE TRABALHOS DE GESTÃO AMBIENTAL EM PROJETOS DE ASSENTAMENTO, ESTUDO DE CASO PA AMERICANA MUNICÍPIO DE GRÃO MOGOL - MG
Authors: De Moraes Maciel Luz Marilda , Ferreira de Carvalho Ana Paula
Published: September 2024

A avaliação das terras passíveis de desapropriação para fins de Reforma Agrária é realizada a partir do Mapa de Capacidade de Uso das Terras que é comumente realizado pelo INCRA na fase de obtenção do imóvel rural. Outra forma de avaliação da terra pode ser feita a partir do mapa de adequação de uso. Desta forma, o objetivo deste artigo é elaborar o mapa de adequação de uso a partir do cruzamento do mapa de Capacidade de Uso das Terras com o mapa de Cobertura e Uso Atual das Terras para identificar as áreas de incongruência de uso. Foi selecionada como área de estudo o Projeto de Assentamento Americana, no município de Grão Mogol, MG, predominantemente coberta por formação florestal do tipo cerrado sentido restrito. O mapa resultante mostra que 16% da área do Assentamento apresenta uso das Terras adequado, 7% da área acima da capacidade de uso e 77% abaixo. As áreas abaixo da capacidade de uso revelam que as áreas passíveis de uso ainda estão preservadas. Foi também elaborado o Mapa de Passivo Ambiental das Áreas Legalmente Protegidas, revelando que apenas 113 hectares das áreas produtivas (áreas agrícolas e pastagens) encontram-se em áreas de Preservação Permanente e Reserva Legal, os quais deverão ser recuperados.
GEOGRAFIA DA MÚSICA DO DISTRITO FEDERAL
Authors: Dos Santos Soares Frederico , Abílio de Carvalho Júnior Osmar , De Oliveira Campos Neio Lúcio , Trancoso Gomes Roberto Arnaldo , Fontes Guimarães Renato
Published: September 2024

A importância da música na cultura e por conseqüência na geografia cultural acontece, pois esta é uma das mais significativas representações culturais da sociedade, estabelecendo um inventário histórico e espacial. Sensível a esta realidade o presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar e espacializar os diferentes eventos musicais no Distrito Federal anunciados na imprensa escrita, a fim de compreender quais os elementos que definem esta espacialização. A partir da distribuição dos eventos, é possível compreender a existência de padrões de consumo musical nas cidades satélites, bem como o acesso (de forma ampla) da população aos eventos anunciados, observando não só o custo necessário para o ingresso ao evento, mas também a sua localização e variação temporal no espaço. Para a realização deste trabalho foi pensada uma metodologia que permitisse compreender quais os elementos que contribuem para a quantificação e análise da distribuição espacial dos eventos musicais. Tal metodologia possibilitou entender a distribuição espacial da música e, conseqüentemente, da cultura que reafirma e define novas espacialidades, como no caso da diferenciação cultural entre o centro e o subcentro, bem como a configuração de espaços destinados à difusão e a construção da cultura local.
DINÂMICA ECONÔMICA, TENSÕES E CONFLITOS URBANOS E MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS
Authors: Cony Faria Cidade Lúcia , Peluso Marília Luiza
Published: September 2024

Entre os processos recorrentes da produção do espaço urbano estão tensões e disputas que envolvem interesses distintos e frequentemente antagônicos, resultando em resistências e conflitos. Entretanto, se os conflitos têm sido uma constante, a maneira como os grupos sociais os percebem e encaminham suas reivindicações tem se alterado. Uma primeira fase poderia ser associada à acumulação intensiva e sua expressão política, o Estado intervencionista e a organização sindical. Análises desse período esperavam que reações de grupos urbanos fossem capazes de não apenas originar mudanças na organização espacial, mas também provocar transformações na lógica social dominante. Uma segunda fase poderia ser identificada com a acumulação flexível e sua manifestação na esfera política, o Estado neoliberal e a contenção da influência sindical. Diante dessas mudanças, estudos passaram a reconhecer que as reações de grupos urbanos continham um potencial limitado, representando aglutinações de alcance relativamente estreito. Nas últimas décadas, as manifestações conflituosas parecem caracterizar-se menos como movimentos sociais organizados; e mais como formas de ação coletiva, limitadas a interesses de grupos específicos.
COMPARAÇÃO DA PERDA DE SOLO ATUAL EM RELAÇÃO AO AMBIENTE NATURAL NA BACIA DO RIO JARDIM- DF
Authors: Avelar Chaves Thiago , Trancoso Gomes Roberto Arnaldo , De Souza Martins Éder , Abílio de Carvalho Júnior Osmar , Fontes Guimarães Renato , Reatto Adriana
Published: September 2024

A intensificação do uso do solo provoca um aumento nas taxas de erosão, causando diferentes impactos, tanto no ambiente quanto nos agroecossistemas. A Equação Universal de Perda de Solos (EUPS) é o método mais utilizado para descrever e predizer a ocorrência de erosão laminar. O presente trabalho possui como objetivo comparar a taxa de erosão laminar das condições atuais em relação a um cenário sem atividade antrópica. A área de estudo é a bacia do rio Jardim localizada no Distrito Federal. A metodologia adotada realiza uma comparação entre o cenário natural com o uso da terra atual, com a finalidade de avaliar os ambientes mais impactados dentro da bacia. Os resultados indicaram que houve um aumento de seis vezes da taxa de erosão com o uso e ocupação do solo.