bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demanding ownership: Energy democracy and environmental labour geographies
Authors: Paul Franziska Christina
Published: December 2024

This paper contributes an ‘ownership perspective’ to the spectrum of labour environmentalist enquiries, and positions environmental labour geographies within a wider political economy of transformation. The paper explores the concept of energy democracy as a trade union strategy that pursues the social and economic ownership and democratic governance of energy systems and resources. Empirically, the paper presents the case study of Trade Unions for Energy Democracy (TUED), as an ‘actually existing’ initiative of labour environmentalism, contextualising its emergence and enduring relevance in terms of its approach to ownership vis‐à‐vis justice‐oriented demands, and exploring its geographies through a strategy of spatially specific mobilising and regionally focused movement building. The paper investigates how the TUED network has developed a transnational, labour‐inclusive framework of energy democracy as labour environmentalism, by promoting democratic control and the social, public and collective ownership of energy systems and resources as tangible solutions to address the climate emergency. The paper also establishes how the TUED network creates radical geographies of labour environmentalism, through the varied mobilisation of its participating unions in their specific local and regional contexts around actually existing opportunities for policy and political intervention. The paper concludes that the question of ownership is a fundamental one for environmental labour movements and their geographies, and one that shifts the emphasis of labour environmentalist thinking towards the democratisation of labour environmental ownership relations.
To err is human … so how can we prevent all ABO‐incompatible transfusions?
Authors: Dunbar Nancy M. , Kaufman Richard M.
Published: December 2024

Savin et al. report a retrospective analysis of ABO‐incompatible red cell transfusions in the United Kingdom, France and Germany. In spite of varied strategies for bedside preventative measures, all three countries continue to identify preventable errors leading to ABO‐incompatible red cell transfusions. This report highlights the ongoing challenge of human error as a factor in the persistence of preventable mistransfusions.

Commentary on: Savin et al. Frequencies and causes of ABO‐incompatible red cell transfusions in France, Germany and the United Kingdom. Br J Haematol 2025; 206:726‐734.
Islet‐derived exosomal miR‐204 accelerates insulin resistance in skeletal muscle by suppressing sirtuin 1: An in vivo study in a mouse model of high‐fat diet–induced obesity
Authors: Yang Xuehan , Han Hao , Wang Sushan , Teng Fei , Lv Xiaoyan , Zhang Meishuang , Zhang Ying , Li Wei , Zhang Ming , Chen Li , Zhang Siwei
Published: December 2024

Aims: The interaction between pancreatic islets and skeletal muscle plays a pivotal role in the development of insulin resistance. The present study aimed to elucidate the impact of non‐hormonal molecules from islets on the insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle cells.Materials and Methods:We developed a mouse model of obesity through a high‐fat diet, assessing glucose tolerance and conducting miRNA sequencing on skeletal muscle samples. An in vitro model was established by treating cells with palmitic acid, and exosomes in the supernatant were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and CD63 expression analysis. Intracellular miR‐204‐5p levels were quantified by RT‐PCR.Results: Our in vivo model demonstrated a robust correlation between miR‐204‐5p level alterations and obesity‐induced insulin resistance. Elevated fatty acid levels were observed to increase miR‐204‐5p in both skeletal muscle and islets. In cellular studies, palmitic acid increased miR‐204‐5p in MIN‐6 islet β‐cells but not in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Exosomes containing miR‐204‐5p, secreted by palmitic acid‐treated MIN6 cells, were identified through morphological examination, immunoblotting for the exosomal marker CD63, and intraexosomal miR‐204‐5p level measurement. C2C12 cells were shown to uptake islet‐derived miR‐204‐5p exosomes, as evidenced by the uptake of Exo‐Red labeled exosomes. TargetScan analysis identified a highly conserved binding site for miR‐204‐5p in the 3' UTR of Sirt mRNA. Functional studies indicated that miR‐204‐5p overexpression reduced glucose consumption and uptake in C2C12 cells, decreased Sirt expression, and impaired insulin signaling, as evidenced by reduced Akt phosphorylation and membrane Glut4 levels.Conclusions: Our findings reveal that miR‐204‐5p contributes to the development of insulin resistance in obesity and acts as a signaling molecule in the crosstalk between pancreatic islets and skeletal muscle.
COMT Val158Met polymorphism protects the impact of a mother's history of childhood trauma on emotional and behavioural problems in preschool children
Authors: Xavier Janaína , Bastos Clarissa Ribeiro , Marins Thayane Moreira , Camerini Laísa , Behling De Mello Daniele , Antunes Bruna , de Ávila Quevedo Luciana , de Matos Mariana Bonati , Pinheiro Ricardo Tavares , Ghisleni Gabriele
Published: December 2024

Childhood trauma has a well‐established negative impact on mental health outcomes across the lifespan. Cumulative evidence suggests an intergenerational transmission of trauma to descendants. In this way, considering the child's COMT Val158Met (rs4680: G > A) variant, the study aims to investigate the interactive effect of maternal childhood trauma on the emotional/behavioural problems of their offspring in preschoolers age (4–5 and 11 years old) from a population‐based dyad of pregnant adolescent women. The behaviour problems of 310 children were assessed using the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) instrument, and maternal trauma was assessed with the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) between the 20 to 22° gestational weeks. Maternal childhood trauma increases the risk for all emotional/behavioural problems in the offspring, and no direct association between the child's Val158Met genotypes with emotional/behavioural problems. Interestingly, in moderation analysis adjusted by sex, age and skin colour, children of mothers exposed to childhood trauma, carrying the Val/Met genotype, are less likely to develop externalising (p = .020) and total problems (p = .041) when compared to homozygous (Val/Val and Met/Met). Thus, our findings reinforce evidence on the intergenerational impact of maternal trauma on emotional/behavioural problems and demonstrate that this risk is influenced by the genetic background of the individual, varying according to the functional COMT genotype, which confers a protective profile for the development of externalising and total problems.
Epilepsy surgery in children with operculoinsular epilepsy: Results of a large unicentric cohort
Authors: Kudr Martin , Janca Radek , Jahodova Alena , Belohlavkova Anezka , Ebel Matyas , Bukacova Katerina , Maulisova Alice , Tichy Michal , Liby Petr , Kyncl Martin , Holubova Zuzana , Sanda Jan , Jezdik Petr , Mackova Katerina , Ramos Rivera Gonzalo Alonso , Kopac Luka , Krsek Pavel
Published: December 2024

Objective

Epilepsy surgery in the operculoinsular cortex is challenging due to the difficult delineation of the epileptogenic zone and the high risk of postoperative deficits.

Methods

Pre‐ and postsurgical data from 30 pediatric patients who underwent operculoinsular cortex surgery at the Motol Epilepsy Center Prague from 2010 to 2022 were analyzed.

Results

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD; n = 15, 50%) was the predominant cause of epilepsy, followed by epilepsy‐associated tumors (n = 5, 17%) and tuberous sclerosis complex (n = 2, 7%). In eight patients where FCD was the most likely etiology, the histology was negative. Seven patients (23%) displayed normal magnetic resonance imaging results. Seizures exhibited diverse semiology and propagation patterns (frontal, perisylvian, and temporal). The ictal and interictal electroencephalographic (EEG) findings were mostly extensive. Multimodal imaging and advanced postprocessing were frequently used. Stereo‐EEG was used for localizing the epileptogenic zone and eloquent cortex in 23 patients (77%). Oblique electrodes were used as guides for better neurosurgeon orientation. The epileptogenic zone was in the dominant hemisphere in 16 patients. At the 2‐year follow‐up, 22 patients (73%) were completely seizure‐free, and eight (27%) experienced a seizure frequency reduction of >50% (International League Against Epilepsy class 3 and 4). Fourteen patients (47%) underwent antiseizure medication tapering; treatment was completely withdrawn in two (7%). Nineteen patients (63%) remained seizure‐free following the definitive outcome assessment (median = 6 years 5 months, range = 2 years to 13 years 5 months postsurgery). Six patients (20%) experienced corona radiata or basal ganglia ischemia; four (13%) improved to mild and one (3%) to moderate hemiparesis. Two patients (7%) operated on in the anterior insula along with frontotemporal resection experienced major complications: pontine ischemia and postoperative brain edema.

Significance

Epilepsy surgery in the operculoinsular cortex can lead to excellent patient outcomes. A comprehensive diagnostic approach is crucial for surgical success. Rehabilitation brings a great chance for significant recovery of postoperative deficits.
Epilepsy surgery education and practice around the globe: An ILAE taskforce report
Authors: Nico Enslin Johannes M. , Muh Carrie R. , Wang Xiongfei , von Hertwig Fernandes de Olivera Tatiana , McKhann Guy M. , Damisah Eyiyemisi , Al‐Otaibi Faisal , Rydenhag Bertil , Ali Rushna P. , Dorfer Christian , Englot Dario J. , Cukiert Arthur ,   Epilepsy Surgery Education Taskforce of the International League Against Epilepsy
Published: December 2024

Up to 80% of the world's population with epilepsy lives in low and middle‐income countries. Around one‐third of these patients will have drug‐resistant epilepsy, for which epilepsy surgery is an option. Unfortunately, many of these regions, as well as some more developed nations, lack sufficient epilepsy surgery units and trained neurosurgeons. With this in mind, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) formed the Epilepsy Surgery Education Taskforce to address the shortage of further educational opportunities for surgeons and neurologists and to promote the creation of more epilepsy surgery units around the world. In this article, we publish our findings from a web‐based international survey, in which we investigated the global distribution and experience of neurosurgeons who perform epilepsy surgery, their educational paths, and opinions on the further need for epilepsy surgery education, as well as the resources available to them. We report a detailed analysis of the 202 survey replies received from 35 different countries across six continents. The lack of adequate numbers of epilepsy surgery units in the Southern Hemisphere is notable, and the aim of this task force with other ILAE committees, is to improve access to epilepsy surgery for patients and to enhance training for their health care providers.
Comparative analysis of the plasma metabolome of migrating passerines: novel insights into stopover metabolism
Authors: Domer Adi , Jasinska Weronika , Rosental Leah , Shochat Eyal , Alseekh Saleh , Fernie Alisdair R. , Brotman Yariv , Ovadia Ofer
Published: December 2024

During long‐distance migration, many birds experience periods of either prolonged fasting (during endurance flights) or extensive feeding (during stopovers). Despite decades of research on avian metabolism during migration, many questions have remained unanswered, as such research mainly focused on targeted metabolites and fat metabolism. Here, we examined the plasma‐metabolome of two migrating passerine species before they crossed the Sahara Desert. Birds were sampled at two sites populated by Pistacia trees bearing fat‐rich fruits and at an additional site dominated by blooming Eucalyptus trees. The blood samples were analyzed using both GC‐MS and LC‐MS, using an untargeted approach. Examination of metabolic pathways activated during stopovers indicated a crucial role for cycling glucose through the Cori and Cahill cycles in resting and recovery processes. This novel perspective, conducted on free‐ranging birds, suggests the evolution of avian insulin resistance due to factors such as endurance exercise, fasting, and a preference for fatty acid oxidation during migration, akin to cell trauma recovery. We detected significant inter‐site variations in birds' polar and lipophilic metabolic profiles. We interpret the differences in the polar metabolites to be associated with the physiological state of the birds, with birds that are considered to have landed during the night prior to capture showing different metabolic profiles compared to birds that have spent more time at the stopover site. In contrast, distinctions in the lipophilic profiles of birds were associated with variations in the primary food source that was available to them in the different sites. This study underscores the challenge of interpreting commonly used indicators for assessing migrating birds' physiological state, which was predominantly derived from lipid metabolism in complex ecological systems.
Impact of Pleistocene Climate on Diversification and Distribution of Congeneric Freshwater Crustacean Species
Authors: Puli Gislaine , Santos Sandro , Zimmermann Bianca Laís , Gonçalves Alberto Senra , Bartholomei‐Santos Marlise Ladvocat
Published: December 2024

Aim

The climatic oscillations of the glacial–interglacial cycles significantly influenced species diversification, playing an essential role in shaping the current patterns of biodiversity. However, the effects of the Pleistocene climate on species diversification and their current distribution are poorly understood for the Southern Hemisphere and some taxonomic groups, such as invertebrates. Here, we explore the role of Pleistocene climate changes in the diversification and distribution of four species of South American freshwater crustaceans.

Location

Southern South America.

Taxon

Genus Aegla (Aeglidae).

Methods

We performed phylogenetic analyses, estimated genetic diversity and neutrality indices for Aegla alacalufi, Aegla neuquensis, Aegla platensis and Aegla uruguayana using nuclear and mitochondrial sequences. We used the mitochondrial genes to estimate divergence times, calculate historical demography and reconstruct the ancestral area range. We also estimated current and past potential distributions using ecological niche modelling.

Results

Although all species studied had their diversification influenced by Pleistocene glacial cycles, the Patagonian species A. alacalufi and A. neuquensis, which were directly influenced by the glacial ice cap, appear to have benefited from lower sea levels and melting of glaciation ice. As for the species A. platensis and A. uruguayana, their diversification was affected by the dry and cold climate on the continent during the glacial period.

Main Conclusions

Our study unveils the intricate interplay between Pleistocene climatic fluctuations and the evolutionary history of freshwater crustaceans in South America. Distinct phylogeographic patterns were observed in Aegla. Some underwent significant diversification due to glaciation, while the cold, arid conditions of the continent shaped others. These findings underscore the crucial role of past climate dynamics in the distribution and genetic diversity of species. As freshwater ecosystems confront escalating threats, our study highlights the urgency for conservation measures and continued research to unveil species' adaptive mechanisms in the face of climate change.
The Emotional Nature of Malicious and Benign Envy: Separate Measurements for Emotion and Motivation
Authors: Nakai Ayaka , Numazaki Makoto
Published: December 2024

Malicious envy causes behavior that lowers an envied person's position, whereas benign envy causes behavior that heightens an envious person's position. We considered that the emotional core of malicious envy might be negative emotion toward the envied person, whereas the emotional core of benign envy might be negative emotion toward the self. To test this idea, we manipulated the causes of another's success (luck vs. effort), which has been shown to be a factor in the occurrence of malicious or benign envy, and examined the influence on emotion and motivation. The results showed that negative emotion toward an envied person mediated the effect that participants in the luck condition experienced stronger motivation aimed at pulling the envied person's position down than those in the effort condition. The results also demonstrated that negative emotion toward the self mediated the effect that participants in the effort condition felt stronger motivation aimed at improving their own situation than those in the luck condition. These results supported our idea about the core emotions of malicious and benign envy.
How spatiotemporal cognition and movement of seed‐dispersing animals influence plant distribution
Authors: Robira Benjamin
Published: December 2024

The scenarios discussing the evolution of the spatiotemporal cognitive abilities of vagile plant eaters generally assume that their movement strategies are linked to their cognitive abilities, which are themselves shaped by the distribution patterns of plants considered invariant over long time periods. Yet, if plant distribution patterns are likely to remain unchanged over short time periods, they may change over long time periods as a result of animal exploitation. In particular, animals can shape the environment by dispersing plant seeds. Using an agent‐based model simulating the foraging behaviour of a seed disperser endowed with spatiotemporal knowledge of resource distribution, I investigated whether resource spatiotemporal patterns could be influenced by the level of spatiotemporal cognition involved in foraging. This level of spatiotemporal cognition represented how well the agent predicted resource locations and phenology. I showed that seed‐dispersing agents moving based on spatiotemporal memory could affect resource distribution on the long‐term through routine movements between known patches, with a larger effect the higher the level of spatiotemporal cognition. The level of engineering also resulted from the conjunction of two additional forces: the agents' movement strategy (e.g. including opportunistic visits to plants encountered en route or not) and the competition for space between plants. In turn, resource landscape modifications affected the benefits of spatiotemporal memory. This could create eco‐evolutionary feedback loops between animal spatiotemporal cognition and the distribution patterns of plant resources. Combined with previous works, the results emphasise that spatiotemporal cognition is a cause and a consequence of resource heterogeneity.
Rapid and sensitive detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causing bacterial canker of kiwifruit using recombinase‐aided amplification with lateral flow dipstick assay
Authors: Liu Hailong , Chen Shasha , Peng Lan , Liu Wei , Xu Liangsheng , Huang Lili
Published: December 2024

Bacterial canker of kiwifruit, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), is a highly destructive disease that results in significant economic losses. Timely detection of Psa is essential for implementing effective disease control measures. In this study, a recombinase‐aided amplification with lateral flow dipstick (RAA‐LFD) assay targeting the type III effector avirulence D1 (AvrD1) gene was developed. The assay was optimized for reaction conditions to ensure a swift and accurate detection protocol suitable for field application. In tandem, conventional PCR was also selected for comparison with the RAA‐LFD assay. The RAA‐LFD assay demonstrated a detection limit of 1 pg/μL for genomic DNA and 104 cfu/mL cell suspension. Specificity testing confirmed that the assay exclusively targeted Psa without cross‐reactivity with other endophytic bacteria present in kiwifruit. To validate the RAA‐LFD assay, it was compared with the conventional PCR method using 56 field samples. The results from both methods were found to be in complete agreement, validating the RAA‐LFD as a reliable diagnostic tool. Therefore, the established Psa RAA‐LFD assay provided technical support for the early and accurate diagnosis of bacterial canker in kiwifruit, which is crucial for disease management and prevention strategies.
Ulnar–Basilic Arteriovenous Fistula for Hemodialysis: A 15‐Year Overview
Authors: Sirvent Ana Esther , Vigueras‐Hernández María Rosa , Enríquez Ricardo , Pérez‐Abad Juan Mariano , Pérez‐Pérez Antonio , Ruiz‐Merino Guadalupe , Andreu‐Muñoz Alberto J.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Distal forearm arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) for hemodialysis (HD) include radiocephalic fistulas (RCFs) and ulnar–basilic fistulas (UBFs). However, due to the unique anatomical peculiarities of the latter approach, UBFs are only established in a limited subset of patients undergoing vascular access procedures. This study aimed to present a retrospective case series detailing the creation of UBFs, emphasizing both the technical challenges and clinical outcomes associated with this approach.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of UBFs created between 2008 and 2023. Data collected included patient demographics, comorbidities, patency, functionality, and outcomes. Adequate blood flow and personalized Kt/Vurea levels were prerequisites for defining UBF functionality for HD.

Results

Among 253 patients receiving HD, 82.2% had an AVF, with only 3.3% (n = 5) of the 150 distal AVFs functional for HD being UBFs. In this series, a total of 11 UBF fistulas were created, with nine patients experiencing an immediate thrill. Among those with UBF failure, three patients were aged > 85 years, and three had concurrent diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, and ischemic heart disease. The survival rate in the UBF group correlated with the duration of dialysis in the three patients for whom the UBF was the sole AVF, with one patient achieving a remarkably prolonged period of > 10 years. No incidences of ischemia, hand edema, or ulnar nerve lesions were noted.

Conclusion

While the difficulties experienced in achieving functional UBFs for HD are highlighted in this long‐term perspective, its safety and durability make it a viable option in managing an increasingly comorbid patient population.
miR158a negatively regulates plant resistance to Phytophthora parasitica by repressing AtTN7 that requires EDS1‐PAD4‐ADR1 complex in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Li Yilin , Gou Xiuhong , Ma Ruize , Zhang Peiling , Ansabayeva Assiya , Shi Qingyao , Liu Zeming , Meng Yuling , Shan Weixing
Published: December 2024

Small RNAs are involved in diverse cellular processes, including plant immunity to pathogens. Here, we report that miR158a negatively regulates plant immunity to the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora parasitica in Arabidopsis thaliana. By performing real‐time quantitative PCR, transient expression, and RNA ligase‐mediated 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends assays, we demonstrate that miR158a downregulates AtTN7 expression by cleaving its 3′‐untranslated region. AtTN7 positively affects plant immunity and encodes a truncated intracellular nucleotide‐binding site and leucine‐rich repeat receptor containing the Toll/interleukin‐1 receptor. AtTN7 can degrade oxidized forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Further genetic and molecular analyses reveal that the Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1‐Phytoalexin Deficient 4‐Activated Disease Resistance 1 complex is required for AtTN7‐mediated immunity. ADR1‐dependent Ca2+ influx is crucial for activating salicylic acid signaling to condition AtTN7‐triggered immunity. Our study uncovers the immune roles and regulatory mechanisms of miR158a and its target AtTN7. Both miR158a‐downregulation and AtTN7‐overexpression lead to enhanced plant resistance to P. parasitica without affecting plant growth phenotypes, suggesting their application potentials and the utilization of miRNAs in identifying novel immune genes for the development of plant germplasm resources with enhanced disease resistance.
Superhydrophobic Property and Corrosion Resistance of 1100 Aluminum Alloy With Peano Fractal Micro-Nano Textures
Authors: Ding Cong , Qiao Zhizhao , Piao Zhongyu
Published: December 2024

To enhance the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy exposed to marine environment, a novel Peano fractal micro-nano texture was introduced. The Peano micro-nano textures with three depths were prepared by laser etching technology, and the textured surfaces were modified using an ethanol solution of 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDS). The hydrophobic properties of aluminum alloy surfaces with Peano textures were measured. The wetting mechanism was analyzed via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization, and the electrochemical experiments were performed to explore the corrosion resistance of a superhydrophobic surface. The results showed that LS-d30 (laser processed specimen with depth of 30 μm) exhibited the optimal superhydrophobicity, with a water contact angle of 169.3 deg and a sliding angle of 3.9 deg. The Peano micro-nano texture facilitated the adsorption of PFDS, resulting in the creation of CF2–CF2 and CF3–CF3 functional groups on the surface. These functional groups contributed to the enhancement of hydrophobic properties. The LS-d30 surface exhibited a superior corrosion inhibition rate of 84.16%. Additionally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed a significant increase in the corrosion resistance of the Peano fractal micro-nano texture surface.
Noise assessment of multirotor configurations during landing procedures
Authors: Ko Jeongwoo , German Brian J. , Rauleder Juergen
Published: December 2024

This study numerically investigates the noise impact of multirotor aerial vehicles with different rotor scales during landing procedures. The operational environments of individual rotors are influenced by rotational speed and wake dynamics, leading to variations in landing noise characteristics. Noise impacts are evaluated across various landing operations from both physical and psychoacoustic perspectives using noise source hemispheres and noise maps. The physical noise impact is quantified using sound exposure level (SEL), while the psychoacoustic impact is assessed through a psychoacoustic annoyance (PA) based on sound quality metrics. Performance contours are established to compare noise impacts alongside other factors, such as energy consumption, landing duration, vehicle attitudes, and safety considerations. The combined effect of noise source strength and landing duration determines SEL, while PA is primarily influenced by acoustic loudness, which follows a similar trend to noise source strength. Consequently, physical and psychoacoustic noise impacts exhibit distinct trends based on the landing operations. This study outlines a process for optimizing landing operations that meet predefined performance goals while minimizing noise impacts. Because operational performance varies significantly across different landing procedures and vehicle types, the study emphasizes the importance of incorporating comprehensive performance criteria in the design of landing operations.
Acoustic modeling of three-dimensional-printed fibrous sound absorbers
Authors: Lomte Amulya , Xue Yutong , Johnston William , Song Guochenhao , Bolton J. Stuart , Sharma Bhisham
Published: December 2024

In this study, an analytical model was developed to predict the sound absorption performance of fibrous absorbers fabricated using an extrusion-based three-dimensional (3D) printing method. The proposed model employs geometric design parameters, including the average fiber diameter and the horizontal and vertical fiber separations, to calculate the porosity, static airflow resistivity, tortuosity, and viscous and thermal characteristic lengths. These transport parameters are then used within the Johnson–Champoux–Allard semiempirical formulation to predict the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient. The analytical model was validated by comparing the calculated properties with those obtained using the finite element-based hybrid numerical modeling method and those estimated through direct and indirect experimental measurements. Finally, by using the validated analytical model, the effect of each geometrical design parameter on the sound absorption performance of the 3D-printed fibrous absorbers was investigated, revealing that the absorption behavior is primarily controlled by the static airflow resistivity and showing that high absorption peaks and a broadband absorption profile can be achieved by adjusting the three geometrical parameters. This study highlights the potential of 3D printing to fabricate fibrous sound absorbers with tailored acoustic properties, offering a promising solution for advanced noise control materials.
Rapid detection of carbapenemase production in
Aeromonas
using phenotypic tests based on colorimetric microtube assay
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhang Lijun , Jiang Min , Zhang Yuhong , Sun Bin
Published: December 2024

Antibiotic resistance, particularly carbapenem resistance, poses a significant global health threat due to the limited availability of effective antibiotics. Carbapenem-resistant
Aeromonas
are increasingly recognized for their role in various infections, necessitating rapid and accurate detection methods. This study aimed to evaluate several phenotypic tests, including the Carba NP test (CNPt), Carba NP-direct test (CNPd), and Blue-Carba test (BCT), for their effectiveness in rapidly detecting carbapenemase production in
Aeromonas
. These tests target both the chromosomally encoded CphA metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) and acquired carbapenemases. Additionally, a modified phenotypic test called the Colony-Carba NP test (c-CNPt) was introduced to enhance sensitivity and specificity. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 131 clinically conserved
Aeromonas
strains harboring identified carbapenem resistance genes, using CNPt, CNPd, BCT, and the newly developed c-CNPt and EDTA-Colony-Carba NP test (ec-CNPt). The stability of c-CNPt reagents stored at −80°C was also assessed. Additionally, a prospective study conducted from July 2021 to November 2023 evaluated 152
Aeromonas
isolates to determine the clinical applicability of these tests. Our results demonstrated that CNPd and BCT achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity, surpassing the traditional CNPt, which showed only 63.6% sensitivity for
Aeromonas
strains. The c-CNPt also showed 100% sensitivity and specificity, with the ec-CNPt effectively differentiating between MBL and serine carbapenemase types. Stability tests confirmed that c-CNPt reagents could be stored at −80℃ for up to 1 year without performance degradation. These findings highlight the practicality and reliability of these phenotypic tests for routine laboratory use, providing a rapid and cost-effective method for detecting carbapenemase production.

The rapid detection of carbapenemase production in
Aeromonas
is of paramount importance due to the significant clinical and public health implications associated with antibiotic resistance. The development and validation of rapid phenotypic tests such as the Colony-Carba NP test (c-CNPt) and the EDTA-Colony-Carba NP test (ec-CNPt) are crucial advancements in the field. These tests offer a highly sensitive and specific method for detecting carbapenemase production in
Aeromonas
, including the differentiation between metallo-β-lactamase and serine carbapenemases. The c-CNPt and ec-CNPt are cost-effective, easy to perform, and provide rapid results, making them suitable for routine clinical use. Additionally, the stability of the reagents ensures their practicality for long-term application in various healthcare settings. Implementing these phenotypic tests in clinical laboratories can significantly enhance the early detection and appropriate treatment of carbapenem-resistant
Aeromonas
infections.
Extracellular vesicles from fifth-stage larval
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
upregulate cholesterol biosynthesis and suppress NLRP2-associated inflammatory responses in mouse astrocytes
Authors: Cheng Chien-Ju , Wang Lian-Chen , Chu Lichieh Julie , Chen Kuang-Yao , Huang Ching-Yun , Lan Kuo-Lun , Huang Kuo-Yang
Published: December 2024

Angiostrongylus cantonensis
is a zoonotic parasite that causes severe symptoms in humans, including eosinophilic meningitis and eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from helminthes have been implicated in regulating host survival and immune response. However, the roles of
A. cantonensis
EVs in modulating parasite pathogenesis and host immune response remain poorly understood. Herein, we characterized EVs derived from
A. cantonensis
fifth-stage larvae (L5) and adult worms. Ultrastructural features showed that EVs from adult worms are smaller in size compared with those from L5. Proteomic analysis identified stage-specific proteins packaged in L5 and adult worm EVs. To investigate the crosstalk between L5 EVs and host cells, RNA sequencing analysis was conducted to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and enriched biological pathways in mouse astrocytes treated with L5 EVs. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated that the pathways related to “cholesterol biosynthesis” are significantly upregulated in L5 EV-treated astrocytes. Based on the transcriptomic data, we observed a downregulated trend of NOD-like receptors (NLRs) protein 2 (NLRP2), a key regulator of brain inflammation, in mouse astrocytes treated with L5 EVs. To validate this result, we utilized ATP to induce the expression of NLRP2 inflammasome-related genes and proteins, as well as the secretion of downstream cytokines. Notably, ATP-induced overexpression of NLRP2 inflammasome-related molecules was significantly reduced in mouse astrocytes upon L5 EV treatment. Collectively, our data suggest that
A. cantonensis
L5 EVs enhance cholesterol synthesis and potentially modulate immune response by reducing NLRP2 inflammasome-related signaling in non-permissive host cells.

IMPORTANCE

Angiostrongylus cantonensis
is a significant causative agent of eosinophilic meningitis and eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in humans. Helminth-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to play a crucial role in parasite pathogenesis and host immunomodulation. However, the protein compositions of
A. cantonensis
EVs and their roles in parasite pathogenesis and host immune response remain unclear. Our results demonstrate for the first time the distinct protein compositions in
A. cantonensis
L5 and adult worm EVs. The highly abundant proteins in L5 EVs that have immunomodulatory or pathogenic potential in the host deserve further investigation. Additionally, the uptake of L5 EVs by mouse astrocytes significantly upregulates cholesterol synthesis and suppresses ATP-induced NLRP2 inflammasome-related signaling. This study highlights the immunomodulatory roles of L5 EVs in non-permissive hosts, suggesting their potential as therapeutic targets and vaccine candidates against
A. cantonensis
.
Incomplete mechanical decoupling and accelerated extension in the westernmost segment of central Tibet
Authors: Zheng Yong , Li Haibing , Pan Jiawei , Seong Yeong Bae , Kim Dong-Eun , Arniz-Rodríguez Mariano S. , Bai Mingkun , Han Shuai , Liu Dongliang , Ge Chenglong , Lu Haijian , Zhong Ning
Published: December 2024

The youngest tectonic structures in Tibet are a series of grabens trending approximately north-south. However, the grabens in central Tibet are less prominent than those in southern Tibet, which suggests that there is spatial variability in deformation mechanisms. The Chem Co half-graben is situated in the westernmost segment of central Tibet and is characterized by boundary normal faulting that occurred during the late Quaternary. The bedrock exposure ages, as recorded by cosmogenic nuclides 10Be and 26Al, vary linearly with elevation along the normal fault plane, yielding an average extension rate of 2.2−2.4 mm/yr. This millennial extension rate is ten times higher than the long-term rate (i.e., 0.3−0.4 mm/yr over millions of years), suggesting an episode of accelerated extension. We performed lithospheric flexure modeling to simulate extension of the westernmost segment of central Tibet. The results reveal heterogeneous σ2 stress concentrations at depth, suggesting that the accelerated extension is most plausibly the result of localized stress concentrations associated with lateral variations in crustal rheology. By comparing the material loss calculated from the extensional rates and crustal thinning, it seems that the eastward spread of crustal material is decoupled from the middle−lower crust but is affected by its upwelling. Therefore, the direct effects of convergence between India and Eurasia are less prominent in central Tibet, except for its western part, where rapid uplift continues owing to oblique collision.
Engaging Australian healthcare consumers to determine priorities and consensus for precision medicine approaches to detect non-communicable disease in early life: a modified Delphi study
Authors: Grace Tegan , Hoskins Samantha , Pringle Kirsty , Mason Gillian , Cruz Turner Melinda , Ludski Keren , Usher Leila , Ghafournia Nafiseh , Pennell Craig
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Research to develop early screening tools to determine an individual’s risk of developing adult-onset disease is a growing field. Expectant parents may find themselves with an option in the future to undergo screening to determine not only genetic abnormalities in their child but also their risk of developing adult-onset non-communicable diseases (NCD) such as hypertension, obesity or hypercholesterolaemia. To ensure acceptability and feasibility of new screening tools researchers must work in partnership with healthcare consumers to discern consumers’ current understanding and acceptance of these technologies in research and the potential for clinical applications. We sought to engage with healthcare consumers to develop a consensus, using a modified Delphi study design, for the acceptability of (1) screening tools for use within pregnancy that would indicate a child’s risk for developing NCD, and (2) targeted early interventions for those identified at a higher risk of developing NCD using precision medicine approaches. The acceptability of future research design and conduct as well as the implications for implementation into routine healthcare were discussed. In addition, participants were asked to rank the non-communicable diseases they believed were of most importance for precision medicine research focus, in line with recent calls for better involvement of healthcare consumers in setting research questions and defining priority areas.

Design

A modified two-stage Delphi study design including an in-person consumer workshop (stage 1) and online follow-up survey (stage 2), was used to evaluate consumer consensus for research to develop precision medicine tools for early detection and potential intervention to reduce onset of NCDs. The acceptability of research design and conduct and future implications for the implementation of newly developed tools into routine healthcare was also addressed.

Setting and participants

We engaged 76 healthcare consumers in 2020, in the Hunter New England Region, New South Wales, Australia. Participants were recruited from existing healthcare consumer organisations, research programmes and healthcare networks through purposeful selection, with a focus on participants having a broad range of experiences and backgrounds to ensure adequate representativeness.

Results and conclusions

Our findings indicate the majority (98%) of participants in our study believe early screening for risk of NCD in their children was acceptable, provided it was equitable and clear pathways for referral and support were available.
Injuries in weightlifting and powerlifting: an updated systematic review
Authors: Tung Matthew Jia-Yuan , Lantz George Alexander , Lopes Alexandre Dias , Berglund Lars
Published: December 2024

Objective

To systematically review the literature on the incidence, prevalence, anatomical injury localisation and risk factors in Olympic weightlifting and powerlifting.

Design

Updated systematic review, PROSPERO registration (CRD42022382364).

Data sources

Four databases (PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science) were searched on 19 February 2024.

Eligibility

Reports assessing injury incidence and prevalence in Olympic weightlifting and powerlifting, published between January 2015 and February 2024, were included in addition to reports from a previous systematic review. The ‘Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional Studies’ was used to assess methodological quality.

Results

Of 1765 screened records, eight new reports were found, resulting in 17 reports in the review. 12 reports covered weightlifting and seven covered powerlifting, with two of the reports included in both categories as they addressed both sports. In weightlifting, the period prevalence of injuries during competitions was 10.7%–68%, the incidence was 2.4–3.3 injuries/1000 hours of training, and the most common injury sites were the knee, lower back, shoulder and hands/fingers. In powerlifting, one report showed a point prevalence of 70%. Injury incidence was 1.0–4.4 injuries/1000 hours of training, and the most common injury sites were the lower back/pelvis, shoulder and elbow/upper arm. Both sports showed a high prevalence of pelvic floor dysfunction (eg, urinary incontinence) among females (50%) compared with males (9.3%).

Conclusions

This updated systematic review supports the conclusions of previous reviews and shows new findings that pelvic floor dysfunction is very common in both sports. Due to the distinctly different study designs and settings, further direct comparisons between sports were difficult. In weightlifting, reports mainly focused on injuries during competitions. In powerlifting, injury incidence was low, but injury prevalence was high when defining injury as a painful condition that impairs training/competition.
Forecasting cardiovascular disease risk and burden in China from 2020 to 2030: a simulation study based on a nationwide cohort
Authors: Wang Runsi , Wang Yunfeng , Lu Jiapeng , Li Yichong , Wu Chaoqun , Yang Yang , Cui Jianlan , Xu Wei , Song Lijuan , Yang Hao , He Wenyan , Zhang Yan , Zhang Xingyi , Li Xi , Hu Shengshou
Published: December 2024

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a significant public health challenge in China. This study aimed to project the burden of CVD from 2020 to 2030 using a nationwide cohort and to simulate the potential impact of various control measures on morbidity and mortality.

Methods

An agent-based model was employed to simulate annual CVD incidence and mortality from 2021 to 2030. The effects of different prevention and treatment interventions, modelled on international strategies, were also explored.

Results

The study included 106 259 participants. The annual CVD incidence rate is projected to increase from 0.74% in 2021 to 0.97% by 2030, with age-standardised and sex-standardised rates rising from 0.71% to 0.96%. CVD mortality is expected to rise from 0.39% in 2021 to 0.46% in 2024, after which it will stabilise at 0.44% by 2030. Community-based interventions and improved access to inpatient care are predicted to reduce the projected burden of CVD significantly.

Conclusions

The incidence of CVD in China is projected to increase steadily over the next decade, while mortality will plateau after 2024. Comprehensive interventions, including community-based screenings and enhanced healthcare access, could significantly mitigate the CVD burden.

Trial registration number

NCT02536456.
Mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming of macrophages and T cells enhances CD47 antibody-engineered oncolytic virus antitumor immunity
Authors: Zhao Jing , Hu Shichuan , Qi Zhongbing , Xu Xianglin , Long Xiangyu , Huang Anliang , Liu Jiyan , Cheng Ping
Published: December 2024

Background

Although immunotherapy can reinvigorate immune cells to clear tumors, the response rates are poor in some patients. Here, CD47 antibody-engineered oncolytic viruses (oAd-αCD47) were employed to lyse tumors and activate immunity. The oAd-αCD47 induced comprehensive remodeling of the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, whether the acidic TME affects the antitumor immunotherapeutic effects of oncolytic viruses-αCD47 has not been clarified.

Methods

To assess the impact of oAd-αCD47 treatment on the TME, we employed multicolor flow cytometry. Glucose uptake was quantified using 2NBDG, while mitochondrial content was evaluated with MitoTracker FM dye. pH imaging of tumors was performed using the pH-sensitive fluorophore SNARF-4F. Moreover, changes in the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)/cyclic AMP activates-responsive element-binding proteins (CREB) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC1α) signaling pathway were confirmed through western blotting and flow cytometry.

Results

Here, we identified sodium bicarbonate (NaBi) as the potent metabolic reprogramming agent that enhanced antitumor responses in the acidic TME. The combination of NaBi and oAd-αCD47 therapy significantly inhibited tumor growth and produced complete immune control in various tumor-bearing mouse models. Mechanistically, combination therapy mainly reduced the number of regulatory T cells and enriched the ratio of M1-type macrophages TAMs (M1.TAMs) to M2-type macrophages TAMs (M2.TAMs), while decreasing the abundance of PD-1+TIM3+expression and increasing the expression of CD107a in the CD8+T cells. Furthermore, the combination therapy enhanced the metabolic function of T cells and macrophages by upregulating PGC1α, a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. This metabolic improvement contributed to a robust antitumor response. Notably, the combination therapy also promoted the generation of memory T cells, suggesting its potential as an effective neoadjuvant treatment for preventing postoperative tumor recurrence and metastasis.

Conclusions

Tumor acidic microenvironment impairs mitochondrial energy metabolism in macrophages and T cells inducing oAd-αCD47 immunotherapeutic resistance. NaBi improves the acidity of the TME and activates the CaMKII/CREB/PGC1α mitochondrial biosynthesis signaling pathway, which reprograms the energy metabolism of macrophages and T cells in the TME, and oral NaBi enhances the antitumor effect of oAd-αCD47.
Neurogenic disease with high CK: think muscle
Authors: Barp Andrea , Tonin Paola , Stano Salvatore , Vattemi Gaetano Nicola , Cheli Marta , Marchetto Giulia , De Iorio Matteo , Zuccarino Riccardo
Published: December 2024

HyperCKaemia is common in several myopathies but can accompany other disorders, including neuropathies. However, distinguishing neurogenic from myopathic hyperCKaemia is not always straightforward. A 58-year-old man had experienced muscle cramps and fatiguability since aged 3 years, with persistently high serum creatine kinase (CK). A positive family history prompted genetic testing for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A, which was positive. However, his serum CK remained persistently high and neurological examination 17 years later identified diffuse muscle atrophy and weakness. Genetic testing for dystrophinopathy identified a novel missense variant on theDMDgene. Patients whose serum CK is in ‘myopathic range’, even those with definite neurogenic disease, should be investigated for additional myopathy, since this may require additional monitoring for pulmonary and cardiac complications.