bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental health and criminal justice: bridging two worlds
Authors: Madondo Chrispen , Van der Putten Marc
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to describe programs that aim at programs to divert people with a mental condition from the criminal justice system to mental health services are being initiated, but reporting is limited and fragmented. This study described programs that aim at diverting persons with mental health conditions out of criminal justice systems to community mental health services, with the intention to inform research and practice.

Design/methodology/approach

A scoping review was used to map and synthesise diversion programs. Ten online data bases were searched. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews was used to direct the selection of sources. Research and evaluation publications and grey literature published from 2010 to 2021 in English language were included.

Findings

Eight distinct diversion programs were identified across 24 countries or territories covering five phases of the criminal justice process. Diversion programs included crisis intervention teams, the electronic linkage system, mobile crisis units, the criminal justice liaison program, problem-solving courts, the abstinence-based program, the community equivalence program and the forensic assertive community treatment program. Although distinct programs have the potential to form a system of diversion across the continuum of the criminal justice process, only two territories moved in that direction. Diversion programs reported overwhelmingly originated from high-income countries.

Practical implications

Stigma that labels people with mental health conditions as violent and dangerous need to be addressed. It is important to place diversion systems on national policy agendas and advocate for evidence-based interventions.

Originality/value

The study provides a blueprint on diversion systems to set a research agenda and develop a road map, tailored towards local contexts.
From service to social innovation with a service-dominant logic approach
Authors: Barrios Andrés , Camacho Sonia , Estrada-Mejia Catalina
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the intersection between service and social innovation, using a service-dominant logic (SDL) ecosystem approach to analyze how service innovations cocreate transformative value for individuals and communities.

Design/methodology/approach

A case study, with different data sources, is used to understand different innovations in a program that provides financial training to women in poverty in Colombia.

Findings

In the program’s service ecosystem, actors worked in tandem to develop dialogical service innovations. These service innovations transformed into social innovations, cocreating transformative value at different levels of the service ecosystem, including beneficiaries, families and communities.

Research limitations/implications

First, this study illustrates how, during service value cocreation experiences, a dialogical innovation path occurs with the simultaneous participation of different service entities. Second, it uses transformative value cocreation to integrate service and social innovations conceptually. Third, it reveals how service innovation cocreates transformative value at different levels of the service ecosystem. Fourth, it shows how technology in its material and immaterial forms, working as an operand and operant role, respectively, facilitates service innovations.

Practical implications

This study illustrates how a wider service focus including all actors involved, in addition to a holistic view of beneficiaries, can prompt service and social innovations.

Originality/value

Service and social innovations have been seen as parallel fields. This study uses SDL to integrate these types of innovation processes and outcomes by applying the concept of transformative value.
When do ethnic networks help with foreign direct investment location?
Authors: Alcaraz Jorge , Salamanca Elizabeth
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify how the cultural attributes of ethnic networks affect foreign direct investment (FDI) location.

Design/methodology/approach

The study tests on panel data the effect of ethnic networks in interaction with their member’s cultural attributes on FDI location.

Findings

Results show that ethnic networks whose members predominantly exhibit a human orientation do not affect FDI location. However, when performance orientation is the predominant cultural attribute of the members of an ethnic network, there is a positive and significant effect on FDI location.

Practical implications

Managers need to be aware that not all networks will be equally helpful in achieving particular goals. For instance, ethnic networks where the performance orientation is dominant among their members affect FDI location, unlike ethnic networks where human orientation is dominant. Therefore, decision-makers need to identify and align these two elements (networks and goals) to maximize outcomes.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by suggesting that FDI location is affected by ethnic networks where performance orientation is dominant among the members, which is not the case when human orientation is dominant among the members of the ethnic networks.
Interview with RD Hinshelwood
Authors: Hinshelwood Robert Douglas , Winship Gary
Published: July 2022

Purpose

A one-day conference organised by the University of Essex and the Consortium of Therapeutic Communities, 10 December, 2021 with the theme, “The Unconscious and Organisations”. Presentations and discussions throughout the conference had the aim of generating ideas and sharing knowledge about the unconscious and how this can inform practitioners working in therapeutic communities and other organisations meeting the challenge of emotional distress.

Design/methodology/approach

Interview with Professor Robert (Bob) Hinshelwood (RH), now 83 years old, who has been involved in therapeutic communities (TCs) since 1969, part of the initial founding of the Association of Therapeutic Communities in 1974, is presented. He qualified as a psychoanalyst in 1976. In 1980 he instigated the founding of the International Journal of Therapeutic Communities along with Nick Manning, David Kennard, Jeff Roberts and Barry Shenkar. In 1984 he founded the British Journal of Psychotherapy, and edited it for 10 years. He was Director of the Cassel Hospital 1993–1997. In 1999 he founded the journal Psychoanalysis and History. He was part of the Free Associations Group (founded by Bob Young and others) which ran the journal Free Associations, and with Mike Rustin and the University of East London, the “Psychoanalysis and Public Sphere” conferences in the 1990s. He has written a great deal about the dynamics of organisational cultures in complex settings. He is Fellow of the British Psychoanalytical Society, Fellow of the Royal College of Psychiatrists and Professor Emeritus of the University of Essex. The interviewer was conducted by Dr Gary Winship (GW) is an associate professor at the University of Nottingham where he leads the MA in Trauma Informed Practice, visiting professor Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis, and also visiting professor at the Russian State Humanities University, editor of the International Journal of Therapeutic Communities.

Findings

Hinshelwood reflects on the question of the unconscious and the impact of destructive tendencies on organisational process. He shares his personal experience being a young evacuee during the Second World War and considers the impact of trauma, losing his religion and his subsequent career choices in medicine, psychiatry and psychoanalysis. He discusses his experience of supervision with Isabel Menzies Lyth and reflects on the different groups in the Institute of Psychoanalysis. He turns to the question tribalism in TCs and regrets that there had not been more bridge building and collaboration. He talks about his own prolific writing and publishing career which he describes as obsessional rather than passionate, and finally candidly reflects on the prospect of facing death.

Originality/value

The interview was transcribed.
European regional inequalities in citizens’ digital interaction with government
Authors: Rodríguez-Hevía Luisa Fernanda , Rodríguez-Fernández Laura , Ruiz-Gómez Luis Manuel
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to study what factors influence European citizens in their interaction with government in the EU regions. It analyses the differences across European regions, taking account of each region’s degree of economic development and incorporating different spatially tailored approaches into the analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

A logistic regression analysis was used to establish whether the profiles of e-Government users differ according to the development tier they live in and other explanatory variables: socio-demographic, digital skills and type of internet connection.

Findings

This research identifies regional inequalities in EU citizens’ digital behaviour with public administration. This statistical study of European regions allows to better apprehend the profile of the EU’s e-citizens and offers conclusions to explain citizens’ behaviour, highlighting the influence of several variables.

Originality/value

Given the lack of pan-European e-government studies at a regional level, this article provides a comparative analysis for the European Union and gives insights into the behaviour of European e-citizens, highlighting the presence of digital inequalities in Europe depending on the region where citizens reside.
Knowledge sharing and knowledge hiding in light of the mistakes acceptance component of learning culture- knowledge culture and human capital implications
Authors: Kucharska Wioleta , Rebelo Teresa
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the micromechanisms of how knowledge culture fosters human capital development.

Design/methodology/approach

An empirical model was developed by using the structural equation modeling method based on a sample of 321 Polish knowledge workers employed in different industries.

Findings

This study provides direct empirical evidence that tacit knowledge sharing supports human capital, whereas tacit knowledge hiding does not, and this hiding is considered a waste of knowledge. If tacit knowledge does not circulate within an organization, it is a severe waste of an organization. The findings indicate that shame from making mistakes might impede the sharing of knowledge gained from making those mistakes, and in such cases, the knowledge remains hidden.

Practical implications

Leaders aiming to ensure human capital growth should implement an authentic learning culture composed of a learning climate and mistakes acceptance components that enable open discussion about mistakes on each organizational level.

Originality/value

The knowledge culture is found to be an essential element of building human capital but, at the same time, not sufficient without a learning culture, and its mistakes acceptance component. A permanent organizational learning mode that supports a continuous organizational shared mental model reframing is an antidote to tacit knowledge hiding.
Landscape conservation as a strategy for recovering biodiversity: Lessons from a long‐term program of pasture restoration in the southern Atlantic Forest
Authors: Cardoso Fernanda C. G. , Capellesso Elivane S. , de Britez Ricardo Miranda , Inague Gabriel , Marques Marcia C. M.
Published: July 2022

Although ecological restoration has entered the global agenda to reverse different anthropogenic disturbances, we still know little about how this solution interacts with other conservation strategies, to avoid the progressive loss of species and ecosystem services.

Here we evaluate one of the pioneering restoration programs in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest, where the combination of conservation and restoration efforts has been carried out for 20 years. Specifically, we tested how landscape characteristics, restoration strategies and environmental characteristics affect the results of the restoration of pastures.

We established 65 circular plots (total 4.0 ha) along restoration areas (3–10 years) and sampled trees and shrubs composing the canopy (DBH ≥ 5 cm) and understorey (DBH < 5 cm, height > 1.3 m). We analysed the landscape metrics (proportion of old‐growth forests in 200, 500 and 1,000 m buffers around each plot; and area and distance of the nearest‐neighbouring old‐growth forests). We explored the multiple effects of landscape, restoration strategy (reforestation, natural regeneration) and environmental variables (soil, pasture grass types) on the species composition and multiple diversity metrics of restoration areas.

The species composition was very similar among restoration ages and restoration strategies. We found positive and strong effects of old‐growth forest (200 m buffer) proportion on the species richness and Shannon diversity (canopy and understorey), above‐ground biomass (canopy) and functional diversity (understorey) of restoration areas. The restoration strategies affected forest structure, and, in general, the reforestation strategy increased above‐ground biomass, Shannon, functional and phylogenetic diversities (in canopy), and percentage of endemic species and biomass (understorey), when compared to natural regeneration.

The 20‐year experience in the southern Atlantic Forest showed that programs focused on landscape conservation associated with a mixture of restoration strategies (i.e. natural regeneration in larger areas and active restoration in more disturbed sites), can be an efficient strategy to ensure biodiversity and ecosystem services in tropical landscapes.

Synthesis and applications. To manage degraded tropical lands and achieve global targets for biodiversity and ecosystem services, it is necessary to first ensure the conservation of natural remnants and then use multiple restoration strategies in less resilient areas.
A PadR family transcriptional repressor controls transcription of a trivalent metalloid resistance operon of Azospirillum halopraeferens strain Au 4
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wu Yi‐Fei , Tang Shi‐Tong , Chen Jian , Rosen Barry P. , Zhao Fang‐Jie
Published: July 2022

Methylarsenite [MAs(III)] is a highly toxic arsenical produced by some microbes as an antibiotic. In this study, we demonstrate that a PadR family transcriptional regulator, PadRars, from Azospirillum halopraeferens strain Au 4 directly binds to the promoter region of the arsenic resistance (ars) operon (consisting of padRars, arsV, and arsW) and represses transcription of arsV and arsW genes involved in MAs(III) resistance. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and transcriptional reporter assays showed that transcription of the ars operon is induced strongly by MAs(III) and less strongly by arsenite and antimonite. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with recombinant PadRars showed that it represses transcription of the ars operon by binding to two inverted‐repeat sequences within the ars promoter. PadRars has two conserved cysteine pairs, Cys56/57 and Cys133/134; mutation of the first pair to serine abolished the transcriptional response of the ars operon to trivalent metalloids, suggesting that Cys56/57 form a binding site for trivalent metalloids. Either C133S or C134S derivative responses to MAs(III) but not As(III) or Sb(III), suggesting that it is a third ligand to trivalent metalloids. PadRars represents a new type of repressor proteins regulating transcription of an ars operon involved in the resistance to trivalent metalloids, especially MAs(III).
The Royal Commission on human relationships and Australian masculinity in the 1970s
Authors: Bell Johnny , Murphy Kate
Published: July 2022

In 1970s Australia, a Royal Commission on Human Relationships asked people to have their say about all aspects of national life bearing upon relations between the sexes and family life. Historians have focused on the Commission's implications for women and feminist public policy in a period of profound social change. In this paper, we shift attention to the Commission's interrogation of the male role in society. We argue that the Commission broadcast and inculcated the possibility that men could change, even if the imminent revolutionising of the male role proved a bridge too far.
Can Financialization Save Nature? The Case of Endangered Species*
Authors: Arjaliès Diane‐Laure , Gibassier Delphine
Published: July 2022

The current biodiversity loss is dramatic. Over the past 50 years, more than 68% of the mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish on Earth have disappeared, putting the planet's survival and its inhabitants—including human beings—at risk. Financialization, or the transformation of nature into financial assets, is increasingly proposed as a solution to the biodiversity crisis. Proponents of financialization believe that assigning a monetary value to nature will incentivize human beings to protect habitats and their species. This article offers a four‐mechanism model of nature's financialization, explaining why it is virtually impossible to financialize nature. We collected data through a unique two‐stage data collection process, including a single case study and additional interviews with conservationists and conservation finance specialists. We analyzed the development of a calculative device, the “Index,” designed to assess the impact of conservation efforts on the survival of endangered species. Conservationists hoped to use the Index to calculate the financial return of a conservation impact bond, a financial instrument designed to finance conservation projects. However, they did not achieve their goal. We discuss the implications for the financialization and conservation literature and the role of accounting therein. We notably question previous accounts of financialization, including the need for financial numbers or financial actors. We ultimately show that a financializationprojectcan transform practices toward financialization, even if the financializationprocessis not complete.
Nutrition‐related care needs of older patients in hospital: A qualitative multimethod study
Authors: Brunner Silvia , Mayer Hanna , Blum Karin , Breidert Matthias , Dietrich Michael , Dahl Enrico , Müller Maria
Published: July 2022

Purpose

To investigate the nutrition‐related care needs of older patients in hospitals.

Methods

A qualitative multimethod study was performed. By purposive sampling, older patients were included for observations of the nutrition process and interviews from a perioperative unit, an internal Medicine unit, and one acute geriatric care ward of an acute care hospital. Preliminary findings were discussed, validated, and further explored in two focus group discussions with interprofessional nutritional healthcare experts.

Findings

Seventeen women and five men with a mean age of 86 years participated in patient observations and interviews. Eight experts with at least 10 years of professional experience who were employed in this setting for 3 years or more participated in interviews. Three themes of nutrition‐related care needs were elaborated: The need to assess and address older patients’ attitudes toward life, the need for nutrition‐related education, and the need for food intake support. These care needs added to the development and validation of a new nursing diagnosis “risk for inadequate protein energy nutrition” and in consequence to develop a complex nursing intervention to optimize the nutrition of older patients.

Conclusions

It is crucial to assess and understand the patients’ attitudes toward life, which affect purposes of treatment, diet, and menu choices.

Implications for nursing practice

Implementation of assessing nutrition‐related care needs of older inpatients is needed. Addressing these care needs within the Advanced Nursing Process can lead to appropriate nursing diagnoses, nursing outcomes, and interventions, which enhance person‐centered care, patients’ self‐care abilities, and consequently patients’ nutritional status.
Editorial: refractory reflux sensitivity—A place for baclofen? Authors' reply
Authors: Raymenants Karlien , Tack Jan
Published: July 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Pauwels et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17068 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17103
Increasing rates of venous thromboembolism among hospitalised patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a nationwide analysis
Authors: Faye Adam S. , Lee Kate E. , Dodson John , Chodosh Joshua , Hudesman David , Remzi Feza , Wright Jason D. , Friedman Alexander M. , Shaukat Aasma , Wen Timothy
Published: July 2022

Background

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, data on national trends remain limited.

Aims

To assess national trends in VTE‐associated hospitalisations among patients with IBD as well as risk factors for, and mortality associated with, these events

Methods

Using the U.S. Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2000–2018, temporal trends in VTE were assessed using the National Cancer Institute's Joinpoint Regression Program with estimates presented as the average annual percent change (AAPC) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Between 2000 and 2018, there were 4,859,728 hospitalisations among patients with IBD, with 128,236 (2.6%) having a VTE, and 6352 associated deaths. The rate of VTE among hospitalised patients with IBD increased from 192 to 295 cases per 10,000 hospitalisations (AAPC 2.4%, 95%CI 1.4%, 3.4%, p < 0.001), and remained significant when stratified by ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease as well as by deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. On multivariable analysis, increasing age, male sex, UC (aOR: 1.30, 95%CI 1.26, 1.33), identifying as non‐Hispanic Black, and chronic corticosteroid use (aOR: 1.22, 95%CI 1.16, 1.29) were associated with an increased risk of a VTE‐associated hospitalisation.

Conclusion

Rates of VTE‐associated hospitalisations are increasing among patients with IBD. Continued efforts need to be placed on education and risk reduction.
Fill‐and‐Spill, Tilt‐and‐Repeat (FaSTaR) cycles: Stratigraphic evolution above a dynamic submarine stepped slope
Authors: Casagrande Junia , Hodgson David M. , Peakall Jeff , Benac Pedro Monteiro
Published: July 2022

The classic fill‐and‐spill model is widely applied to interpret topographic controls on depositional architecture and facies distributions in slope successions with complicated topography. However, this model implies a constant topographic configuration over the lifespan of a turbidite system. In contrast, the impact on patterns of erosion and deposition above dynamic slopes whose topographic configuration varies spatially over time remains poorly investigated. Here, using high‐resolution 3D seismic reflection data and more than 100 wells from a 40 km long stepped slope system (Campos Basin, offshore Brazil), we document the evolution of a sand‐prone turbidite system active during the Oligocene–Miocene transition. This turbidite system was influenced by vertical and lateral deformation, and we propose a new stratigraphic model to explain the resultant depositional architecture. Two depocentres were identified as steps, with channels on the proximal step, and channel–lobe complexes on the distal step, bounded by sediment bypass‐dominated ramps. Lateral stepping of channels on the proximal step, and oblique stacking of the down‐dip lobe complexes, each cut by through‐going channels, indicate multiple fill‐and‐spill cycles. A persistent north‐east‐ward stepping and thickening on the steps are interpreted to reflect lateral tilting of the seafloor driven by salt tectonics. The dynamic substrate prevented the establishment of a single long‐lived conduit across the proximal step, as recorded in systems with fixed topographic configurations. The filling of through‐going channels with mud at the end of each cycle suggests waxing‐to‐waning sediment supply cycles and periods of sand starvation when the lateral tilting dominated and drove avulsion of the feeder channels towards topographic lows. This study demonstrates that subtle dynamic slope deformation punctuated by discrete sediment supply cycles results in complex stratigraphic patterns with multiple phases, and multiple entry and exit points. Repeated cycles of fill‐and‐spill, tilt‐and‐repeat are likely to be present in other stepped slope systems.
Does topical minoxidil at concentrations higher than 5% provide additional clinical benefit?
Authors: Singh Shreya , Patil Anant , Kianfar Nika , Waśkiel-Burnat Anna , Rudnicka Lidia , Sinclair Rodney , Goldust Mohamad
Published: July 2022

Minoxidil solution is used for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Minoxidil 5% solution has been shown to have superior efficacy to minoxidil 2% solution, it is unknown whether concentrations of minoxidil > 5% provide additional clinical benefit. We performed a review of the literature to examine the evidence on the efficacy and safety of higher concentrations of minoxidil in AGA. A search of the PubMed database was performed using the keywords ‘minoxidil’, ‘androgenic alopecia’ and ‘pattern hair loss’. Relevant articles, including clinical trials, other clinical studies, case series and case reports published in English were considered for review. In addition, relevant references from the bibliography section of the retrieved articles were also reviewed.
‘COVID taught me…’: Examining child‐radio productions in the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Brownell Cassie J.
Published: July 2022

Framed by critical literacies, the author adapted ethnographic methods to virtual spaces to examine radio as an alternative way to enhance adult understanding of children's COVID‐19 experiences. Drawing on a subset of child‐produced radio segments from March 2021, she foregrounds how children in an extracurricular program strategically used radio to share their pandemic experiences with their community. Supplemented by 5 months of virtual observations, she identified how child‐DJs used radio to share how—through the COVID‐19 pandemic—they cared about and for their community. Ultimately, she argues radio is one tool for coming to know children as community change agents.
Epidermal growth factor induces a trophectoderm lineage transcriptome resembling that of human embryos during reconstruction of blastoids from extended pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Zhang Yingying , An Chenrui , Yu Yanhong , Lin Jiajing , Jin Long , Li Chaohui , Tan Tao , Yu Yang , Fan Yong
Published: July 2022

Objectives

This study aims to optimize the human extended pluripotent stem cell (EPSC) to trophectoderm (TE)‐like cell induction with addition of EGF and improve the quality of the reconstructing blastoids.

Materials and Methods

TE‐like cells were differentiated from human EPSCs. RNA‐seq data analysis was performed to compare with TE‐like cells from multiple human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and embryos. A small‐scale compound selection was performed for optimizing the TE‐like cell induction and the efficiency was characterized using TE‐lineage markers expression by immunofluorescence stanning. Blastoids were generated by using the optimized TE‐like cells and the undifferentiated human EPSCs through three‐dimensional culture system. Single‐cell RNA sequencing was performed to investigate the lineage segregation of the optimized blastoids to human blastocysts.

Results

TE‐like cells derived from human EPSCs exhibited similar transcriptome with TE cells from embryos. Additionally, TE‐like cells from multiple naive hPSCs exhibited heterogeneous gene expression patterns and signalling pathways because of the incomplete silencing of naive‐specific genes and loss of imprinting. Furthermore, with the addition of EGF, TE‐like cells derived from human EPSCs enhanced the TE lineage‐related signalling pathways and exhibited more similar transcriptome to human embryos. Through resembling with undifferentiated human EPSCs, we elevated the quality and efficiency of reconstructing blastoids and separated more lineage cells with precise temporal and spatial expression, especially the PE lineage.

Conclusion

Addition of EGF enhanced TE lineage differentiation and human blastoids reconstruction. The optimized blastoids could be used as a blastocyst model for simulating early embryonic development.
Systems thinking to operationalize knowledge‐to‐action in fish and wildlife agencies
Authors: Flamm Richard Owen , Braunsberger Karin
Published: July 2022

This paper incorporates systems thinking in the design of a knowledge networked systems model (KNSM) for supporting knowledge‐to‐action in conservation organizations. It assumes that organizations are complex entities with properties that should be considered normatively. The synthesis of these properties into a KNSM revolves around the most common question many conservation practitioners are asked by the public: how is X doing? X typically reflects a concept easily grasped by the public such as a species or ecosystem. To operationalize a KNSM, one should consider that (1) information, not authority, empowers the network, (2) structural or bureaucratic impediments to maximizing utility of knowledge are minimized, (3) interacting agents direct the flow of information and knowledge and guide agency outputs, (4) boundaries between offices, programs, departments, and organizations are treated as porous, (5) transparency is fundamental to successful model operation, (6), most conservation problems are spatial, and (7) ecological and knowledge hierarchies organize the network. Benefits of this approach include facilitating research outcomes that support management decisions, a tool for strategic planning and implementation, greater transparency and operational clarity, foundation for team building, means for identifying knowledge gaps, a platform for organizational in‐reach and public outreach, facilitated communication in general, and an important tool for collaborative conservation decision making. An example using a hypothetical listed species is presented to illustrate how a KNSM can be designed and implemented.
Pityriasis rosea in der Schwangerschaft: Eine Fallserie und Literaturübersicht
Authors: Wenger‐Oehn Lena , Graier Thomas , Ambros‐ Rudolph Christina , Müllegger Robert , Bittighofer Christina , Wolf Peter , Hofer Angelika
Published: July 2022

Hintergrund und Zielsetzung

Pityriasis rosea (PR), eine häufige Hauterkrankung bei jungen Erwachsenen, kann den Verlauf der Schwangerschaft und das ungeborene Kind nachteilig beeinträchtigen.

Patienten und Methodik

Sechsundvierzig schwangere Frauen mit PR, die zwischen 2003 und 2018 an der dermatologischen Universität vorstellig waren, wurden analysiert und die Daten mit Patientendaten aus früher veröffentlichten Studien (n = 53) verglichen, um die Inzidenz und die Risikofaktoren für einen ungünstigen Schwangerschaftsausgang nach einer PR‐Infektion zu bestimmen.

Ergebnisse

Ungünstige Schwangerschaftsausgänge (definiert als Fehlgeburt, Frühgeburt vor der 37. Schwangerschaftswoche oder Geburtsgewicht < 2500 g) waren in unserer Studienpopulation signifikant seltener als in der gepoolten Kohorte aus zuvor veröffentlichten Studien (10,9 % gegenüber 39,6 %; P = 0,0012). Die Analyse der gepoolten Daten aus unserer und früheren Studien ergab, dass die Schwangerschaftswoche bei Beginn der PR invers mit einem ungünstigen Ausgang assoziiert war (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0,937; 95 %‐KI 0,883 bis 0,993). Darüber hinaus waren die Dauer der PR (OR = 1,432; 95 %‐KI 1,129 bis 1,827), extrakutane Manifestationen (OR = 4,112; 95 %‐KI 1,580 bis 10,23) und ein großflächiges Exanthem (OR = 5,203; 95 %‐KI 1,702 bis 14,89) direkt mit einem ungünstigen Schwangerschaftsausgang assoziiert.

Schlussfolgerung

In den meisten Fällen hatte die PR keinen Einfluss auf die Schwangerschaft oder die Geburt.
The evolution of immune dysfunction in multiple myeloma
Authors: Soekojo Cinnie Yentia , Chng Wee Joo
Published: July 2022

Objectives

This review discusses the role of immune dysfunction at the different stages of multiple myeloma (MM).

Methods

Narrative review.

Results

MM is a complex disease and immune dysfunction has been known to play an important role in disease pathogenesis, progression, and drug resistance. MM is known to be preceded by asymptomatic precursor states and progression from the precursor states to MM is likely related to a progressive impairment of the immune system.

Conclusions

An understanding of the role of the immune system in the progression of MM is important to guide the development of immunotherapeutic strategies for this disease.
An efficient direction‐of‐arrival estimation of multipath signals with impulsive noise using satin bowerbird optimization‐based deep learning neural network
Authors: Gantayat Harikrushna , Panigrahi Trilochan , Patra Pradyumna
Published: July 2022

There exist numerous multi‐path signals with impulsive noise (IN) in a multi‐path propagation environment. The direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) is highly challenging to be assessed because of the strong IN. For various military along with civilian applications, DOA estimation has turned into a hopeful technology. But, estimating DOA for multipath signals with IN environments is extremely complicated. A desirable output is not attained by several existent techniques, namely subspace‐centric approaches, maximum likelihood techniques, along with sparse representation‐centric methods, for DOA assessment. Therefore, an effective satin bowerbird optimization‐based deep learning neural network centered DOA estimation upon single snapshots is proposed in this paper for attaining robust and precise DOA estimation in multipath and IN environments. An arbitrary array configuration is employed by utilizing the proposed work as an input signal for establishing the received signal's model. Pre‐processing, time‐frequency domain conversion, feature extraction, feature reduction and DOA estimation are the proposed method's 5 disparate stages. To evince the proposed model's efficacy, its outcomes are analogized with other prevailing techniques regarding some performance metrics. The proposed model attains the root mean square error of 0.6484366‐AZ and 0.6484366‐EA, root mean squared percentage error (RMPSE) of 4.636107‐AZ and 5.628599‐EA and probability of resolution of 0.967999‐AZ and 0.962841‐EA, which are extremely less when compared to the prevailing methods; thus, depicting the superiority of the proposed model for an effective DOA estimation.
Fleeting joy, divergent expectations and reconfigured intimacies: The visits home of Filipino migrant care workers in Singapore
Authors: Amrith Megha
Published: July 2022

For Filipino migrant care workers in Singapore, visits home are highly anticipated and longed for, but only as long as they remain brief. Drawing on long‐term ethnographic research, this paper examines such visits as emotionally complex events that bring intense joy as migrants reunite with dispersed family members, but also reveal divergent expectations and feelings of loss and betrayal. These experiences are especially felt among migrant women given the gendered constructions of their migration journeys that demand strenuous relational work on their visits and far beyond. Visits home, nevertheless, are important moments through which migrant care workers re‐orient their priorities and aspirations as migrants and as women over time, often leading to prolongations of their ‘temporary’ absences. The paper further examines how migrant care workers, many of whom are on temporary work contracts in Singapore, fear and anticipate the moment when short visits ultimately become permanent returns.
Media coverage of corporate social irresponsibility and audit fees: International evidence
Authors: Frost Tracie , Shan Liwei , Tsang Albert , Yu Miao
Published: July 2022

This study uses a large sample of firms from 35 countries to examine how media coverage of corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) affects audit fees. We document a positive and significant relationship between media coverage of CSI and audit fees. Further evidence indicates that this positive relationship is less pronounced for firms with a higher level of commitment to corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance but is more pronounced for firms domiciled in countries with stronger investor protections, higher regulatory quality and higher CSR disclosure requirements. Taken together, these findings support the conjecture that CSI media coverage increases auditors' risk and thereby increases audit fees. Moreover, our findings suggest that the effect of media coverage of CSI on audit fees varies with country‐level institutional characteristics and the degree of firms' substantive commitment to CSR performance.
Migraine management: an update for the 2020s
Authors: Eller Michael , Cheng Shuli
Published: July 2022

Migraine is a common malady cutting across socioeconomic and ethnic divides in Australia. It is typically diagnosed late with significant impact on quality of life. Management options have emerged over the past several years that promise simpler treatment regimens with less potential for side‐effects. The development of rationally designed migraine preventives is the most significant advance in treatment since the development of the triptans and delivers significant hope to many headache sufferers.
‘A disease of disparity’: chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in endemic immigrant communities
Authors: Swaminathan Shriram , Chacko Bobby
Published: July 2022

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) of unknown aetiology is a form of tubulointerstitial CKD in the absence of traditional and known predisposing risk factors. Since the early 2000s, there is an emerging trend in marginalised agricultural communities among workers exposed to occupational and environmental hazards. CKD of unknown aetiology has received significant attention in recent years and is becoming increasingly relevant to the Australian medical community with the growing migrant population, which this case‐based communication illustrates.
Decreased expression of miR‐204‐3p in peripheral blood and wound margin tissue associated with the onset and poor wound healing of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Zhao Xiaotong , Xu Murong , Tang Ying , Xie Dandan , Deng Lili , Chen Mingwei , Wang Youmin
Published: July 2022

To investigate the relationship between small non‐coding RNA‐204‐3p (miR‐204‐3p) and the onset and wound healing of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) and the underlying molecular mechanism, sixty four newly diagnosed patients with T2DM without DFU (T2DM group), 82 T2DM patients with DFU (DFU group), and 60 controls with normal glucose tolerance (NC group) were included. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) method was used to determine miR‐204‐3p expression levels in peripheral blood and wound margin tissue of subjects, and to analyse the relationship between the expression of miR‐204‐3p and wound healing. In vitro experiments were also performed to understand the effect of miR‐204‐3p on high glucose induced injury of HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes). The results showed that miR‐204‐3p expression level of peripheral blood in the T2DM group was marked lower than that in the NC group [2.38 (1.31‐5.04) vs 3.27 (1.51‐6.98)] (P < .05). Similarly, the miR‐204‐3p expression level of peripheral blood in the DFU group was significantly lower than the T2DM group [1.15 (0.78‐2.89) vs 2.38 (1.31‐5.04)] (P < .01). The expression level of miR‐204‐3p in peripheral blood and wound margin tissues of DFU patients was positively correlated with the healing rate of foot ulcers after 8 weeks (P < .05). Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that decreased expression of miR‐204‐3p in peripheral blood was an independent risk factor for DFU (OR = 2.95, P < .05). The results of in vitro experiments showed that miR‐204‐3p could improve the proliferation and migration of HKC cells and reduce the proportion of apoptosis of HKC cells by targeted regulation of zinc finger protein Kruppel like factor 6 (KLF6) in high glucose environment. Therefore, the decreased expression of miR‐204‐3p in peripheral blood and wound tissue of T2DM patients is closely related to the occurrence and poor wound healing of DFU. The down‐regulated expression of miR‐204‐3p can reduce its ability to antagonise the functional damage of keratinocytes induced by high‐glucose conditions. These results will provide potential targets for the treatment of DFU.
Salt-tolerant PGPR strain Priestia endophytica SK1 promotes fenugreek growth under salt stress by inducing nitrogen assimilation and secondary metabolites
Authors: Sharma Krishna , Sharma Sonal , Vaishnav Anukool , Jain Rahul , Singh Dinesh , Singh Harikesh Bahadur , Goel Anjana , Singh Shoorvir
Published: July 2022

Aims

Soil salinity is a huge obstacle in crop production worldwide. Saline soil can reduce active chemical contents in medicinal plants of the Leguminosae family through crippled normal nodule function. Intensive efforts are underway to improve yield and medicinal value of leguminous herbs under salt stress condition by using benign microbes. Here, an attempt was made to explore the salt-tolerant bacteria associated with rhizosphere of fenugreek plant (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and to evaluate their impact on host plant growth and metabolite of pharmaceutical importance.

Methods and results

A salt-tolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) strain Priestia endophytica SK1 isolated from fenugreek rhizospheric soil, which increased biomass and metabolite content in plants grown under saline stress. SK1 bacterial application induced nodule formation and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus content under salt (100 mM NaCl) stress as compared to control plants. H2O2 production and lipid peroxidation as a measure of stress were observed high in control plants, while a reduction in these parameters was observed in plants inoculated with SK1. In addition, a significant effect was found on the phenolic compounds and trigonelline content in fenugreek plant inoculated with SK1 bacterium. An increased trigonelline content of about 54% over uninoculated control was recorded under salt stress.

Conclusion

The results of this study revealed that the application of salt-tolerant PGPR strain P. endophytica SK1 induced nitrogen fixation machinery that leads to alleviate salt stress and improved the biosynthesis of trigonelline content in fenugreek.

Significance of the study

This study extends our understanding on the significance of rhizosphere microbiome and their beneficial role in plant health under environmental stress to promote agro-eco-farming practices.
Connecting the dots – A literature review on learning analytics indicators from a learning design perspective
Authors: Ahmad Atezaz , Schneider Jan , Griffiths Dai , Biedermann Daniel , Schiffner Daniel , Greller Wolfgang , Drachsler Hendrik
Published: July 2022

Background

During the past decade, the increasingly heterogeneous field of learning analytics has been critiqued for an over‐emphasis on data‐driven approaches at the expense of paying attention to learning designs.

Method and objective

In response to this critique, we investigated the role of learning design in learning analytics through a systematic literature review. 161 learning analytics (LA) articles were examined to identify indicators that were based on learning design events and their associated metrics. Through this research, we address two objectives. First, to achieve a better alignment between learning design and learning analytics by proposing a reference framework, where we present possible connections between learning analytics and learning design. Second, to present how LA indicators and metrics have been researched and applied in the past.

Results and conclusion

In our review, we found that a number of learning analytics papers did indeed consider learning design activities for harvesting user data. We also found a consistent increase in the number and quality of indicators and their evolution over the years.
Genetic landscape of indolent and aggressive Kaposi sarcomas
Authors: Malouf G.G. , Lu X. , Mouawad R. , Spano J.‐P. , Grange P. , Yan F. , Aractingi S. , Su X. , Dupin N.
Published: July 2022

Background

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a rare skin tumour caused by herpesvirus 8 infection and characterized by either indolence or an aggressive course necessitating systemic therapies. The genetic basis of this difference remains unknown.

Objectives

To explore the tumour mutational burden in indolent and aggressive KS.

Methods

We performed whole‐exome sequencing on a cohort of 21 KS patients. We compared genetic landscape including tumor mutational burden between the two forms of indolent and agressive KS.

Results

Aggressive KS tumours had a significantly higher TMB and a larger cumulative number of deleterious mutations than indolent KS tumours. In addition, all aggressive tumours had at least three deleterious mutations, whereas most indolent tumours harboured only one or no predicted deleterious mutations. Deleterious mutations listed in the Cancer Gene Census were detected exclusively in patients with aggressive disease. An analysis of somatic copy‐number alterations (SCNA) revealed a tendency towards higher number of alterations in aggressive KS.

Conclusions

These data suggest that SCNA alterations and an increase in mutational burden promote aggressive KS and that it might be more appropriate to consider indolent KS as an opportunistic skin disease rather than a cancer.
First ex vivo cultivation of human Demodex mites and evaluation of different drugs on mite proliferation
Authors: Clanner‐Engelshofen B.M. , Ständer L.M. , Steegmüller T. , Kämmerer T. , Frommherz L.H. , Stadler P.‐C. , Gürtler A. , Reinholz M.
Published: July 2022

Background

Demodex spp. mites are the most complex resident of the human skin microbiome. Although they are considered commensals, they can be pathophysiologically relevant in inflammatory skin diseases like rosacea. Until now, there is no culture system available for these mites except for using live vertebrate hosts.

Objectives

Our aim was to establish an ex vivo culture of human Demodex mites and to characterize the sebogenesis‐dependent mite density.

Methods

Demodex mites were cultivated in pilosebaceous units of human skin explants, called human organotypic skin explant culture (hOSEC). Furthermore, different sebogenesis‐modifying additives were evaluated. Mites and mite survival were evaluated using light and fluorescence microscopy.

Results

After 90 days of incubation, living Demodex mites – including eggs, larvae and nymphs – were detected in the dissected skin samples. Incubation for 30 days with anabolic steroids (testosterone and trenbolone) as well as retinol and retinoic acid (isotretinoin) yielded a reduced mite density.

Conclusions

With this technique, mites can be cultivated ex vivo for the first time, thereby establishing new ways to investigate Demodex spp. The sebostatic effect of isotretinoin might explain the mechanism of action in the off‐label treatment of rosacea. We anticipate our findings to be the basis of an accelerated research on our most complex commensal, its life, biology and physiology.