bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Heat and WiFi (2.4 GHz) Exposure on Rat Cardiovascular System
Authors: Jafari Mehrzad , Masoudi Ehsan , Sotoudeh Narges , Hosseini Seyede Fatemeh
Published: July 2022

Background: Today, wireless communication systems are destructive with increased lipid peroxidation and oxidation state and have adverse biological effects on human health. Objectives: In this study, we examined the effects of exposure to WiFi wireless frequency (2.4 GHz) on histopathological changes in the cardiovascular system of rats. Methods: The experimental groups included 32 adult male rats divided into control (not exposed to heat and WiFi), WiFi (exposed to 2.45 GHz for 52 consecutive days (2 h/day)), heat (water bath of 43°C for 52 consecutive days (10 min/day)), and heat+WiFi groups (exposed to 2.45 GHz then water bath of 43°C). On the 52nd day, the heart was removed, and its total volume and weight were determined using stereological techniques. The number of cardiomyocytes nuclei and the volume of the myocardium were determined. Blood samples were collected to measure reduced glutathione (GSH) content, Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde level (MDA). Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The heart weight and volume density of the myocardium increased in the WiFi-irradiated group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Also, exposure to WiFi increased MDA levels and decreased TAC and GSH compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study indicated that RFW might cause structural changes and oxidative stress in the heart. Also, exposure to radiofrequency decreased total antioxidant activity in heart tissue with histological changes, including myocardium hypertrophy and decreased number of myocytes.
Anti-proliferative Effects of Ocimum basilicum Leaf Aqueous Extract on Colon Cancer Cell Lines and the Expression of Apoptotic Genes
Authors: Heydarnezhad Asl Mohammad , Ahmadi Amin , Karari Kazhal , Haghi Mehdi , Tohidkia Mohammad Reza , Pasban Faezeh , Safaralizadeh Reza
Published: July 2022

Background: Colon cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancers in the modern world. Chemotherapy is one of the most relevant treatments for colon cancer, but this method of treatment has severe and sometimes irreversible side effects. Therefore, alternative treatments with fewer side effects are highly considered. Natural and herbal medicine has been proven to be a great source for these alternative treatment methods. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects of Ocimum basillicum (OB) leaf aqueous extract on human colon cancer cell lines LS174T and COLO205 and the expression of apoptotic genes. Methods: Methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to assess the cytotoxic effects of our extract on the aforementioned cell lines. The changes in the expression of BAX and BAD were analyzed by qPCR following the treatment of cells with our extract. Results: The results of the MTT assay indicated that the extract had a cytotoxic effect and could reduce the population of live cancer cells, especially LS174T cells. The expression of BAX and BAD genes showed a significant increase in qPCR analysis in both cell lines, especially in the LS174T cells. Conclusions: Our results showed that the extract had cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and pro-apoptotic characteristics on previously mentioned cell lines, especially on the LS 174T cells.
Clostridium perfringens Spores in Urology Hospital
Authors: Gofron Zygmunt , Szarek Klaudia , Aptekorz Małgorzata , Kabała Monika , Martirosian Gayane
Published: July 2022

Background: Clostridium spp. spores are resistant to many factors, including alcohol-based disinfectants. The presence of clostridial spores in a hospital environment may lead to infection outbreaks among patients and health care workers. Objective: This study is aimed to detect clostridial spores in the aurology hospital using C diff Banana Broth™ and assess the antibiotic sensitivity and toxinotypes of isolates. Methods: After diagnosing COVID-19 in medical staff and closing an 86-bed urology hospital in 2020 for H2O2 fogging, 58 swabs from the hospital environment were inoculated to C diff Banana Broth™, incubated at 37°C for 14 days, checked daily, and positive broths were sub-cultured anaerobically for 48 h at 37°C. After identification, multiplex PCR (mPCR) was performed for Clostridium perfringens, C. difficile toxin genes, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. Results: In this study, 16 out of 58 (~ 28%) strains of Clostridium spp. were cultured: 11 - C. perfringens, 2 - C. baratii, and 1 each of C. paraputrificum, C. difficile, and C. clostridioforme. 11 C. perfringens were positive for the cpa, 7 - the cpb2, 2 – cpiA, and 1 – cpb toxin genes. All isolates were sensitive to metronidazole, vancomycin, moxifloxacin, penicillin/tazobactam, and rifampicin. Two out of the 11 C. perfringens strains were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin. Conclusions: Regardless of the performed H2O2 fogging, antibiotic-resistant, toxigenic strains of C. perfringens (69%) obtained from the urology hospital environment were cultured using C diff Banana Broth™, indicating the need to develop the necessary sanitary and epidemiological procedures in this hospital.
Prostate Cancer Screening Behavior Based on the Health Belief Model in Men Aged Over 40 Years
Authors: Kalani Leila , Aghababaeian Hamidreza , Nosratabadi Mahnaz , Masoudiyekta Leila , Mirsamiyazdi Nastaran , Rezaei-Bayatiyani Hojat , Musavi Ghahfarokhi Motahareh
Published: July 2022

Background: Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death among men worldwide. The early detection of prostate cancer with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) increases the disease treatment in the early stages. Moreover, knowledge and screening for PSA for prostate cancer in men decreases the mortality rate. Objectives: The present study aimed to screen prostate cancer behaviors according to the Health Belief Model in Men Aged above 40 in Dezful. Methods: This cross-sectional study encompassed 120 male employees aged above 40 years working at the Dezful University of Medical Sciences in 2018. The participants were selected using a random cluster sampling method. Data collection tools were a researcher-made, three-section questionnaire with questions on demographic characteristics, awareness, Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs, and prostate cancer screening behaviors. Results: The participants’ mean age was 46.22 ± 4.56 years (ranging from 40 to 60 years). Total awareness of prostate cancer and screening behavior among men was acceptable (5.59 ± 4.13). The performance of PSA was 20.8%. There was no significant difference between the mean age and PSA (P = 0.39). In the logistic regression analysis, perceived sensitivity to prostate cancer yielded a psychological predictor of prostate cancer screening behaviors (OR = 0.92, P value = 0.01). Conclusions: The findings showed a relationship between perceived sensitivity and the frequency of PSA. Moreover, the participants’ poor knowledge and performance indicated an urgent need for formal training programs to promote their sensitivity to the significance of prostate cancer screening. Factors affecting prostate cancer screening behaviors should be included in these training programs.
La predicación de Agustín sobre la prosperidad de los malvados
Authors: Chabi Kolawole , Eguiarte B. Enrique A. ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2022

Augustine’s teaching on wealth and poverty, on the relations between the poor and the rich has been extensively studied in the past few decades. However, much attention has not been given to his considerations on the prosperity of the wicked and the tendency of the faithful to serve God for an immediate material reward. In this paper, I examine the bishop of Hippo’s preaching on this question. Predominantly, in his Sermones ad populum and Enarrationes in Psalmos, Augustine constantly calls his flock to acknowledge the author of prosperity and of all good things as the Supreme Good, and to prefer him to all the ephemerous possessions they may have in this world. Above all, he encourages the faithful to despise the prosperity of the wicked which is only apparent and to hope for God himself their reward for serving him.
El texto de ‘uera rel.’ 3,3
Authors: De La Fuente Cristina ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2022

In the present article, after reviewing the existing bibliography on De uera religione, a study is made of the text of the uera rel. 3, 3, where St. Augustine presents what we have called a Platonic dialogue written by the Doctor of Hippo himself. The dialogue is analysed, presenting first of all the “lectio magistralis” that Augustine puts in Plato’s mouth, pointing out from this discourse the contingency of created beings and their link with the concept of creatio ex nihilo that Augustine himself had already presented some years before in the De Genesi aduersus manicheos. Subsequently, the article highlights the reflection on the human being as a rational entity capable of contemplating the Beauty and Greatness of God, as well as the impediments that may exist for this. Finally, the article exposes what we have called the “myth of the perfect man”, with which St. Augustine, in imitation of Plato himself, closes his dialogue with a myth with which he synthesizes all that he had affirmed up to this point.
La construcción de la interioridad
Authors: Sánchez-Andrés María ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2022

The paper deals with the use of the term conscientia in St. Augustine’s early Enarrationes in Psalmos (1-32), to trace the development of the idea of Interiority, and how the word conscientia is used to present the idea of an Inner Space with specific characteristics, and how conscientia’s Inner Space has two parts, and epistemological dimension called cor and an affectional dimension called ‘renes’, and how only God and the person can enter into this internal space, to make an examination of the thoughts and desires. The paper also underlines the biblical references that are used by St. Augustine to define the inner space represented by conscientia.
Ecología en el ‘De Genesi ad litteram libri XII’
Authors: Weinberg Heinrich ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2022

The article deals with Augustine’s De Genesi ad litteram. A brief presentation of the work, its chronology and contents is made, to later consider the ecological elements of the Work. First of all, the text of Wis 11:21 is approached, to emphasize that all creation has been the work of the Trinity, which acts in everything with a measure, a number and a weight. A brief presentation is made of the exegesis of Wis 11:21 in other works of St. Augustine, particularly De Genesi aduersus manicheos and the second book of De libero arbitrio. Subsequently, a reflection is made on the differences among the living beings that St. Augustine establishes within De Genesi ad litteram, in order to emphasize the superiority of the human being over creatures, as image and likeness of God, as well as the impossibility of the transmigration of the soul from a human being to an animal, or vice versa. The importance of the command given by God to man to cultivate and take care of the garden of Eden is emphasized, stressing the ecological elements of this command, as well as its ecological implications. The article shows how creation has a “sacramental” character, since the perfection, beauty and order of the Creator are embodied in all his creatures, as an invitation to discover the Creator through his creatures. The ideas presented in De Genesi ad litteram are also linked to other Augustinian works, especially the first commentaries on the Book of Genesis and some of Augustine’s early works.
Evangelical Identity and QAnon
Authors: Beauchamp Jeremy D. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2022

The presidency of Donald Trump saw the rise of a new kind of conspiracy in QAnon. The internet-assembled meta-conspiracy has grown to include elements of other growing conspiracies such as the anti-mask movement and anti-vaxxers. As it has grown, QAnon has attracted significant support for its beliefs from white evangelicals who also supported Trump in huge numbers in both 2016 and 2020. In this integrative review of literature, I explore the reasons that QAnon has performed so well so quickly, finding justification for conspiracy theory support among evangelicals in the theory of cognitive dissonance. QAnon has found a foothold in evangelical circles during worldwide pandemic, which has left many evangelicals unmoored from their spiritual family and susceptible to other realms of community online. The conspiracy theory has infiltrated evangelicalism by using the language and concerns of Christianity in its messaging and by attempting to justify evangelical support of Donald Trump. Although traditional media are quick to point out the theory’s inconsistencies and failed prophecies, this paper finds that the harm QAnon has done to the evangelical community may only be undone through spiritual connection and practice.
Love without Desire
Authors: Song Andrew ,   DePaul University
Published: July 2022

This article advances a close reading of Hannah Arendt’s use of the phrase amo: volo ut sis in her posthumously published lecture “Willing.” Through this close reading, the essay argues that this affirmation of love, which Arendt translates as “I love you, I want you to be,” describes an enduring activity by which we unite our minds to the world. This argument is analyzed formally and practically: the formal aspect addresses love as an activity which has its end in itself and the practical aspect enumerates the binding character of love. To clarify these aspects, the article will focus on the sections on Augustine and Duns Scotus, requiring, also, a closer look at Arendt’s theological methodology.
Techniques of manipulation in the articles of the newspaper The New York Times
Authors: Sintserov Leonid Leonidovich
Published: July 2022

The subject of this article is manipulation techniques used by journalists of one of the most authoritative newspaper (The New York Times) in order to create an image of the USSR during the Perestroika period. The purpose of the article is to show the potential of the publications of The New York Times, which captured the image of Perestroika in the USSR. The article discusses such manipulative techniques as stereotepization, information selection, fabrication of facts, and so on. In addition, this article shows how language techniques – periphrasis, antithesis, hyperbole can be used to manipulate readers' opinions. The research includes articles of the newspaper 1987-1991 devoted to the events in the Baltic States, the activities of M. S. Gorbachev, B. N. Yeltsin, A.D. Sakharov. The analysis shows how the methods of affirmation and repetition allow the readers of the newspaper to form geopolitical ideas about the Baltic states, methods of stereotyping, mixing fact and opinion help to create stable images of politicians and public figures of the period of Perestroika, and cliched formulas fix the image of the USSR leadership in the minds of readers. The study of language techniques resorted to by the authors of the publication makes it possible to identify the implicit meanings contained in the texts of publications. The correlation of the created image and manipulation technique revealed in this article can be extrapolated to a fairly wide field of application – the study of the press as a source. The publications of The New York Times are considered for the first time from the point of view of manipulative techniques that contribute to the creation of the image of the USSR during the Perestroika period.
Sources and methods of studying electors of city government bodies in European Russia in the 1700s-1760s
Authors: Gushchina Dina Vadimovna
Published: July 2022

The article examines the degree of completeness of the source base for the study of the personal composition of elected and electors of city government bodies in European Russia in the 1700s – 1760s. The study of almost the main "actors" of elected city government - ministers and electors who nominated them to these positions – will reveal from a new perspective the principle of the formation of these institutions and their relations with the authorities, the nature of formal and informal ties within the posad, strategies of behavior of the inhabitants of the posad. The use of the prosopographic method makes it possible to identify and personalize each individual elected or elector. However, for the compilation of such "dossiers" a specific range of sources is required: clerical documentation of the Chief Magistrate, zemstvo huts, magistrates and town halls, as well as materials of 1-3 audits. Analyzing how numerous these sources are and what range of issues they can cover, the author comes to the conclusion that archival materials allow conducting a study of such a plan on the example of a large number of cities of different administrative significance. However, the degree of completeness of the source base is extremely uneven: the composition of elected and electors of city magistrates was reflected in the documents most fully, although not evenly across different cities and over different periods of time, while the composition of zemstvo huts and town halls can be found out only by indirect signs.
The world aircraft industry of the XX century: quantitative analysis
Authors: Kuzmin Yury Viktorovich
Published: July 2022

Based on the collection of data on more than 20,000 airplane models created in the world in the XX century, and more than 40,000 records on their manufacturing, world airplane production dynamics was reconstructed year by year in pieces and tons. An analysis year by year by aircraft purpose and by leading countries is prepared. The output was calculated not only in pieces, but also by the total mass of structures. The second approach corresponds more precisely to the power of the aviation industry, allowing to differentiate labor and material costs in the production of light and heavy airplanes. These graphs are constructed and published for the first time. The role of leading countries in world production is revealed. It is shown that the decline in production after the First World War more pronounced not in Russia, but in the UK. It is shown that the USSR firmly held the second place in aircraft production in the world from the mid-1930s to 1990, and in the mid-1930s briefly came out on top in the world. The influence of the repressions of the 1930s on the aviation industry of the USSR, expressed in a noticeable decrease in the rate of new aircraft models development, is shown. It was revealed that in the second half of the XX century, the share of combat airplane in production was constantly decreasing, and by 2000 over 80% of the world's airplane industry capacity was occupied by the production of commercial aircraft.
Some features of the construction of theatrical artistic reality (analysis of the production of "Eugene Onegin" by Rimas Tuminas)
Authors: Rozin Vadim Markovich
Published: July 2022

The article presents two plans for the analysis of the famous production of Rimas Tuminas "Eugene Onegin". The first discusses the problems and difficulties of translating Pushkin's poetic work into the language of the theater. At the same time, the author uses the analysis of this production carried out by Alexander Minkin in the book "Mute Onegin". In particular, a number of techniques are considered (splitting the heroes, Onegin and Lensky, into two persons, giving historical events a modern form of existence, which implies rethinking them); they, according to Minkin, were used in his production by Tuminas. The author provides a voice to Alexander Sergeevich, who does not recognize his work in the production of Tuminas, assuming that he solved problems far from those that interested Pushkin. In the second part, a reconstruction of the logic is proposed, in accordance with which Tuminas most likely acted, creating his own statement. The author shows that, firstly, Tuminas is not trying to present Pushkin's brilliant work in a new, modern way, but creates a new work, his own; secondly, the artistic reality of this new work is made up of very different events, including reflexive ones. He raises the question of how these heterogeneous events create a whole. If in the traditional aesthetics the artist depicts the world and life existing outside of a person (or inside him), which are considered as universally significant for everyone, then in the new one the world and events of consciousness of the personality of the artist and the viewer are described and constituted.
Comparative analysis of the integration groupings of the EU and the EAEU
Authors: Moroz Elena Nikolaevna
Published: July 2022

The scientific article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of integration associations of the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union. The methodological basis of the research is an interdisciplinary approach, system analysis and comparative method. The purpose of the study is to identify the differences between the integration processes of the EU and the EAEU and compare their effectiveness. The author defines integration, examines in detail the features of integration processes in Europe and Eurasia, compares the economic indicators of selected integration associations. The study pays special attention to the historical prerequisites for the formation of the Eurasian Economic and European Unions, as well as the gradual construction of these integration groupings, taking into account the impact on modernity. The novelty of the research lies in the author's understanding of the effectiveness of integration processes in the EU and the EAEU based on the analysis of macroeconomic indicators, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of associations, their comparative analysis, as well as in developing proposals to eliminate the identified problems of Eurasian integration. The main conclusions of the study are: the EU remains an effective integration association, whose successful experience has become an example for the creation of the EAEU. However, now the EU has reached the ceiling of growth, which has not yet been broken. The effectiveness of the Eurasian integration processes remains low, and economic achievements should be expected from the EAEU, as a young structure, no earlier than in 10-20 years.
Authorship in medical research: what should authors know?
Authors: Farrag Nesrine Saad , El-Gilany Abdel-Hady
Published: July 2022

There are many terms related to authorship. This confuses researchers, especially the most juniors. This narrative review summarizes the definition and criteria of authorship as well as types, number, order, and responsibilities of authors in the medical research.  Authorship is classified into three major groups: appropriate, acceptable, and inappropriate. Remedies for authorship misconduct are mentioned.
Retrospective Evaluation of Patients with Infantile Spasm Diagnosis
Authors: Aslan Mahmut , Gungor Serdal
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Infantile spasm (West Syndrome) (IS) is an age-dependent epileptic encephalopathy clinic specific to the first two years of life. Infantile spasm is the most known epileptic syndrome of infancy with typical seizures in the form of spasm, psychomotor retardation and hypsarrhythmia on electroencephalography. Typical spasms are in the form of flexor/extensor contractions that last for about 2-5 seconds, which usually symmetrically involves all muscle groups in the body.   
Material and Method: In this study, the data of patients, who were followed up with the diagnosis of "infantile spasm" in the Pediatric Neurology Clinic of Mersin City Training and Research Hospital between 2020 and 2022, were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic characteristics, clinical, EEG and MRI findings of the patients were analyzed.
Results: Eighteen patients were included in the study. Ten (55.5%) of our patients were male and 8 (44.5%) were female. The mean age of patients was ……. years. 11 (61.1%) patients were in the symptomatic group, 5 (27.7%) patients were in the cryptogenic group, and 2 (11.1%) patients were in the idiopathic group. At the time of diagnosis, there was flexor spasm, extensor spasm, mixt spasm, tonic seizure, myoclonic seizure in 5 (27,7%), 4 (22,2%), 4 (22,2%), 3 (16,6%), and 2 (11,1%) patients, respectively. Hypsarrhythmia, suppression-burst pattern, focal epileptic abnormality and generalized epileptic abnormality was observed in 8 (44,4%), 4 (22,2%), 3 (16,6%), and 3 (16,6%) patients, respectively. Of the 14 patients who were first diagnosed, 8 (57.1%) were treated with ACTH, 4 (28.6%) with phenobarbital, 2 (14.3%) with vigabatrin.
Conclusion: Infantile spasm is an important age-related encephalopathy with severe neurological sequelae, resistant seizures, and high morbidity and mortality all over the world and in our country. Spasms cause further damage to the central nervous system, which continues to develop. For this reason, a positive contribution can be made in terms of prognosis with early and appropriate treatment.
Serum liver enzyme alterations after laparoscopic cholecystectomy – a study.
Authors: Salati Sajad Ahmad
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of adoption of laparoscopic approach for cholecystectomy on liver function tests. This was a retrospective analysis of the data of 242 patients who had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Liver function tests were not ordered after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in routine surgical practice unless there was some specific reason in the postoperative period to initiate them. Only 14 patients had postoperative liver function tests and 2 had shown a transient rise in levels of enzymes. The rise in hepatic enzymes after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is transient and carries no clinical implications in patients with normal preoperative liver functions.
Knowledge Attitude and Practice among Mothers towards Childhood Obesity: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ramanathan Ramya , Mohan Janani Shanmugavadivu , Ramesh Shanthi , Subramanian Sundari
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Obesity is on the increasing trend among children, which leads to many co-morbidities. Obesity which was once a health problem of developed countries has now swept developing countries like India. As the home environment has a powerful influence on the health of a child it is very essential to intervene early in childhood and adolescence to prevent obesity/overweight. Aim: To assess the Knowledge Attitude and Practice (KAP) among mothers regarding obesity in children. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted from October 2019 to March 2020. The sample size included 220 mothers with children aged between 6 to 14 years, who have attended the Paediatric outpatient department, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital in Tamil Nadu, India. After obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional ethics committee, a predesigned questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic variables which included mother’s education and occupation, residence, family income, and the total number of family members, and for assessing KAP among mothers. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 22.0). Results: The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity was 52 (23.63%), with overweight representing 23 (10.45%) and obesity 29 (13.18%). There was a statistical significance difference when comparing mother’s knowledge of children with overweight/obesity versus normal weight regarding physical inactivity (p=0.01) and eating unhealthy foods (p=0.01), an attitude that a child being obese was not a problem (p=0.03), the practice of mothers who allowed seeing television while eating (p=0.001), not restricting media usage (p=0.01), not allowing children to play outdoors every day (p=0.001), and allowed children to eat junk foods (p=0.001). Conclusion: Overweight and obesity were significant in children whose mothers were unaware of the risk factors like eating unhealthy foods and physical inactivity. Health education and interventional programs have to be planned to educate mothers as they play a major role in preventing obesity in children.
Incidence of Postoperative Delirium and its Association with Intraoperative Blood Pressure Fluctuation in Elderly Undergoing Oncosurgery: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Narayanan Geethu Krishna , Koshy Rachel Cherian , Amma Rajasree Omanakutty , Subramanian Deepu , Rajendran Sreelekshmi Padmaja
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Postoperative Delirium (POD) is one of the most common complications in geriatric surgical patients. POD has immense implication because it can initiate a cascade of deleterious events leading to functional decline, reduced cognitive function, prolonged hospitalisation, and death. The risk factors for POD include increased age, cognitive, visual or sensory impairment, functional dependence, infection, and electrolyte abnormalities. Published literature on POD in patients aged >60 years undergoing oncosurgeries are few. According to the American Geriatric Society, evidence for recommendation of intraoperative risk factors is lacking. The relation between intraoperative haemodynamics and postoperative pain with POD is controversial, as studies provide differences in evidence. Hence this relation needs to be studied further. Aim: To find the incidence of POD in patients >60 years of age undergoing oncosurgery, and its association with intraoperative hypotension and blood pressure fluctuations. The secondary objective was to assess the relation of POD with postoperative pain. Materials and Methods: The present study was prospective cohort study which was carried on 50 patients aged >60 years undergoing cancer surgery. Intraoperative hypotension and blood pressure fluctuations were measured based on predefined criteria. Postoperative pain and total opioid consumption were also noted. Delirium was assessed with the short Confusion Assessment Method (short CAM), on the first three postoperative days. The association between hypotension and intraoperative blood pressure fluctuations with POD were analysed with Fisher exact test and MannWhitney U test. Association of pain scores and total dose of opioid with POD was performed using Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The mean age of the study population was 69.5±2.8 years. The mean preoperative Addenbrook’s Cognitive Examination (ACE) score was 83.78. The incidence of POD was 22%. There was a significant association between intraoperative blood pressure fluctuation and POD. The mean BP variance ranged from 126.89 to 111.13 mm Hg. Increased age and more co-morbidities ≥3 (present in 58%) showed an association with POD. Conclusion: The incidence of POD was high (22%) among the elderly requiring oncosurgery. Intraoperative blood pressure fluctuation as well as hypotension was associated with increased risk of POD. Hence in elderly patients, tight blood pressure control is advisable during surgery.
Effect of Ageing, Staining and Polishing on the Colour Stability of a Single, a Group Shade and Nano Fill Dental Composite: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Hasanain Fatin A
Published: July 2022

Introduction: With the increase in aesthetic requirements, more people are requesting tooth coloured fillings. An anterior restoration is deemed unacceptable if its color changes significantly. Aim: To assess the colour stability of a single shade, a group shade and a nano fill dental resin composite which comes in multiple shades. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was conducted in the month of August 2021 at the Advanced Technology Dental Research Laboratory at the King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah,Western region, Saudi Arabia. Three composites were tested; a single shade (Omnichroma), a group shade (Optishade light (OL) and Optishade Medium (OM)) and a conventional nano fill (Z350) 40 cylindrical discs (10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in depth) were fabricated in total. Each material and shade to be tested had 10 samples per group (n=10). The materials were aged in a thermocycler for 5000 cycles then stained with either green tea or coffee for six days. Upon completion of the staining protocol, they were then polished with soflex diamond polishing system. Colour measurements were taken at each stage, calculated and compared. Mixed model repeated Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine significance of the color change (ΔE00) between materials and treatments and Bonferroni test was used for multiple comparison between groups. Results: The effect of ageing varied according to individual material; Z350 had lower ΔE00 when compared to other materials. After staining with tea, it was found that Z350 and Omnichroma exhibited a significant change (p<0.05) in ΔE00 when compared to OL. Polishing improved the ΔE00 in all the materials. All green tea-stained materials with the exception of omnichroma returned to a clinically acceptable E00 after polishing. After polishing coffee stained samples, OL and OM remained above the clinically acceptable threshold while Z350 and omnichroma were returned to a clinically acceptable level. Conclusion: All the materials showed a change in ΔE00 after ageing, with OM and Z350 being the only materials to exhibit a clinically acceptable change. While polishing decreased ΔE00 in all the materials, it did not return them all to a clinically acceptable level. Thus, polishing helps improve the appearance of stained restorations but may not be enough to completely remove stains, even in newly introduced direct aesthetic dental materials.
A Brief Review: Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Raw and Parboiled Rice in Sri Lankan Market
Authors: Gunasekara D. S.
Published: July 2022

Contamination of both raw and parboiled rice in Sri Lankan market with Aflatoxins is a crucial health hazard as Aflatoxins are carcinogenic and immune suppressive. Parboiled rice is found to be more vulnerable for the occurrence of Aflatoxins due to the quality changes happens within the kernel during the process of parboiling. Starch inside the parboiled rice kernel appears to be a better substrate for mould growth and high moisture levels are often available within parboiled rice kernels due to improper drying. Out of the two types of parboiling practiced within Sri Lanka cottage parboiling remains safer with compared to commercial level parboiling. However, Sri Lankans has a potential risk of being exposed to Aflatoxins as a result of consuming both raw and parboiled rice contaminated with Aflatoxins.
ACC Deaminase Containing Plant Growth Promoting Agrobacterium larrymoorie Strain MZ 3-ABF Confers Tolerance to Drought Stress in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Seedlings
Authors: Prasad Vurukonda Sai Shiva Krishna , Kumar Ningadali Vinay , Sravani Sriramadas , Ali Shaik Zulfikar , Sandhya Vardharajula
Published: July 2022

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that produce 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase can alleviate plant growth constraints caused by water scarcity. In the present study, six PGPR strains were evaluated to produce several plant growth promoting, and ACC deaminase enzyme isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in arid regions of Telangana State, India. According to their 16S rDNA sequencing analysis, only one of the six strains, MZ 3-ABF, belongs to Agrobacterium larrymoorie. A drought tolerance experiment revealed two PGPR strains with high phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, indoleacetic-3-acid (IAA), and ACC deaminase enzyme secretion potential were constrained to only MZ 3-ABF and MZ 5-ABF. One strain MZ 3-ABF was chosen for use in a pot experiment to assess their growth-promoting effects on chickpea under drought conditions. This PGPR strain inoculation into chickpea seedlings was expected to alleviate the overall growth inhibition caused by drought stress. The inoculation was thought to have the greatest growth-promoting effects. Inoculation with strain MZ 3-ABF altered plant height, root length, dry biomass, and net photosynthetic rate of leaves, allowing chickpea seedlings to cope with drought better. They had an indirect effect on the biochemical and physiological properties of chickpea seedlings in order to alleviate drought stress. These findings suggest that the MZ 3-ABF PGPR may be useful for effectively weakening the growth inhibition caused by drought in chickpea. The strain could also be used as effective bioinoculant to maintain pea quality.
A Study on the Layoff in Oil Service Company in Oman and its Impact on Employees
Authors: Rao V. Vishnukanth , Al-Shaaili Mallak Humaid , AL-Shuaili Balqies Hamed , Al-Toubi Jawhara Khalaf , Al-Nadabi Tahani Saleh
Published: July 2022

This study is conducted to examine the layoff in Oil Service Company and its impact on employees for various reasons, including: first, to study the causes of layoff in Oil Service. Second, to know the perception of employees on layoff in Oil Service. Third, to understand the effect of layoff on Oil Service and finally, to suggest remedial measures to reduce the layoff in Oil Service. The total number of employees working in Oil Service Company are 1000. A sample 90 employees were selected by using convenient sampling method that provides an opportunity to obtain sample and good data from different employees. The type of research is exploratory and the study uses quantitative method of data analysis. In collecting the data, the researcher used both kinds of data, i.e. primary and secondary data. The researchers used questionnaire as an instrument to collect the primary data. The secondary data collected from supportive literature review and the conceptual framework planned accordingly. In addition, the data collected from the respondents is analyzed with the help of Man Whitney U- test, Correlation, Covariance and descriptive statistics as well as with tables and graphs. The results of the study emphasizes that there is a difference of opinion among respondents on demographic variables (Gender, Marital status and any other sources of income) towards layoff in Oil Company. It is suggested that the company should initiate different training programs according to the deficiencies in the capabilities and skills of the employees so that the company can avoid layoffs and in turn can build a competent workforce for sustainable development of the organization.
Phonemic Correspondence in Barus Pasar and Barus Kampung Mudik
Authors: Sitinjak Vivi Novalia , Widayati Dwi , Simamora Nurlaidy J. , Sinaga Pahotan , Girsang Martina
Published: July 2022

Aims: The study investigates the phonemic correspondence in Barus Pasar and Barus Kampung Mudik located in Sibolga Coast, north sumatera.

Study Design:  The study applied descriptive qualitative approach and top-up technique.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was done in Sibolga and the duration was two months

Methodology: Four respondents participated in this study with age more than 70 years old,  live in Sibolga, and is able to speak Indonesian.

Results: Phonemic correspondences in a~o, u~o, i~e, i~a, i~o, b~ ø, and ø~h.were found.  Phonemic correspondence a~o was found 26 times, u~o was 11 times, i~e was 4 times, i~a was 2 times, i~o was once, b~ ø was once, and ø~h was 4 times.

Conclusion: the reflection of i~o and b~ ø was happened coincidental and the reflection of a~o, u~o, i~e, i~a, and ø~h was the correspondences between the languages.
Diversity and Regeneration Potentials of Some Non-Timber Forest Product Species (NTFPS) in Bagale Hill Forest Reserve, Girei Local Government Area of Adamawa State
Authors: Dishan E. E. , Abdullahi U. , Nasiru Y. , Gujja A. A.
Published: July 2022

This study assessed diversity and regeneration of some Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) species in Bagale Hills Forest Reserve Girei Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Parameters evaluated included; species diversity of NTFPs in the study area and regeneration potentials of NTFPs in the study area. A sampling design consisting of an approximately 250m baseline and 5 transects of 20m was used. Thus, all NTFPs individuals, from seedlings to adult individuals, of each species were recorded and their DBH measured. The distance between consecutive transects was 50m. Diversity indices and Importance Value Index (IVI) of the species were determined using relevant formulae. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare results of Shannon Weiners Diversity Indices amongst transects and amongst tree, sapling and seedling species. The results of tree, saplings and seedling species in study site revealed 12, 9 and 10 species respectively. The individual trees, saplings and seedlings species were 41, 39 and 53 belonging to 7 families in the study site respectively. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicated that there was no significant difference in Shannon Weiners Diversity Indices among tree, sapling and seedling species in the forests (p ≥ 0.05). Results show species of NTFPs tree which included; Annona senegalensis, Adansonia digitata, Bombax Costatum, Detarrium microcarpum, Haematostaphis barteri, Hexalobus monopetalus, Parkia biglobosa, Tamarindus indica, Ximenia americana, Vitellaria paradoxa, Ziziphus Mauritania and Ziziphus spina-christi. The families with the highest number included Annonaceae, Fabaceae and Rhamnaceae which had 2 species each. Vitellaria paradoxa, Annona senegalensis and Tamarindus indica were the most abundant in Transects I-III, while Parkia biglobosa, and was the most abundant in Transects IV-V. Vitellaria paradoxa, Annona senegalensis, Tamarindus indica and Parkia biglobosa are further shown to have the highest Importance Value Index in all Transects. Results further showed saplings species as they occurred in all the Transects with Vitellaria paradoxa, Annona senegalensis and Detarrium microcarpum as the most abundant saplings species and highest Importance Value Index. Results showed seedling species of NTFPs encountered in all transects in which  Hexalobus monopetalus, Ziziphus Mauritania and Detarrium microcarpum occurred as the most abundant seedling species. Shannon-Weiner (H´) Diversity Indices were; H´ = 1.16223, H´ = 0.86756, H´ = 1.62602, H´ = 1.05492 and H´ = 1.32966 in the respective transects. Shannon-Weiner (H´) Diversity Indices of all NTFPs trees, saplings and seedlings were; trees H´ = 2.39016, saplings H´ = 1.70359 and seedlings H´ = 1.86854 respectively.
Identification of 'Start of Season' in Major Rainfed Crops of Tamil Nadu, India Using Remote Sensing Technology
Authors: Vasumathi V. , Kalpana R. , Pazhanivelan S. , Kumaraperumal R. , Priya M. V.
Published: July 2022

Cropping seasons are the seasons in which a particular crop is grown. Identification of cropping seasons is crucial for successful cropping in rainfed areas. This research study focuses on the identification of major rainfed crop growing seasons in rainfed areas of Tamil Nadu using remote sensing technology. The MODIS (Moderate-Resolution Image Spectroradiometer) satellite product MOD13Q1 is utilized to produce NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) of the study region. Then the NDVI values for each rainfed ground truth point were extracted and the value was used to produce a line graph representing the crop growing period. Likewise, multiple lines were produced for major rainfed crops: Rice, Maize, Pearl millet, Sorghum, Groundnut, Moth bean, Cotton and Chilli. The result reveals that the Maize and Cotton growing season starts in June-July, mostly single crop per year. Rice, Pearl millet, Sorghum and Chilli are also grown as a single crop per year, sowing by the month of October-November. Besides, there was a double-cropping area of Groundnut- Black gram and Groundnut-Moth Bean raised during June-July and October-November respectively.
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Blackgram (Vigna mungo. (L) Hepper)
Authors: Priyanka M. , Devi K. Rukmini , Parimala K. , Anuradha Ch.
Published: July 2022

The present research work was conducted at Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Madhira during Rabi 2022 to assess the correlation and path coefficient analysis among yield contributing traits in 35 blackgram genotypes. Correlation analysis has revealed that Plant height, number of seeds pod-1, 100 seed weight, harvest index and biological yield was positively correlated with seed yield per plant. The path coefficient analysis recorded that, days to 50 percent flowering, plant height, number of clusters per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, biological yield and harvest index had direct positive effect on yield. Blackgram seed yield can be significantly improved with the selection of plants with more number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, biological yield and harvest index in the segregating generations as these traits were positively associated with the seed yield per plant.
Melatonin Involvement in Syncope Associated with Sleep Disturbance: A Case Report
Authors: Onwuka Osah Martins , Okerulu Adaobi Linda , Nwosu Nkechi Clara
Published: July 2022

Background: Syncope or fainting associated with sleep disturbance is mostly diagnosed as vasovagal syncope and has also been linked to orthostatic or postural hypotension. The physiological basis of syncope associated with sleep disturbance is not fully elucidated. In this report a rare case of melatonin involvement in syncope associated with sleep disturbance was presented.

Case Presentation: A case of a 21-year-old female with syncope associated with sleep disturbance was examined with 1 hour post syncope melatonin concentration of 33pg/ml (daytime evaluation) which is on the increase when compared to its female referenced average value (10pg/ml daytime evaluation). Some vital physiological variables associated with syncope like heart rate, blood pressure, hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume were normal compared to referenced value (Table 1 and Table 2).

Conclusion: Considering the evaluations presented, it is suggested that melatonin could be involved in the sleep disturbance induced syncope and this report has created de novo insight that will aid elucidation, diagnosis and intervention of syncope induced by sleep disturbance or obstruction.
Eco-friendly Management of Charcoal Rot of Sesame Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid
Authors: Vashisht Preeti , Saharan H. S. , Rathi A. S.
Published: July 2022

The most damaging soil and seed-borne disease of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), which appears every year in Haryana and causes significant output losses, is charcoal rot disease, which is caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.

Aim: The current experiment was conducted to learn more about the environmentally friendly management of M. phaseolina using botanicals and bio-agents, under in vitro and in vivo conditions  in the Department of Plant Pathology, CCSHAU, Hisar.

Methodology: Under in vitro circumstances, the effectiveness of botanicals was assessed using the poison food technique. Seed treatment prior to sowing under screenhouse conditions was used to examine the effectiveness of both the botanicals and bio-agents.

Results: The phytoextract of Lantana camara, among the botanicals tested for its effectiveness under in vitro conditions against M. phaseolina, inhibited maximum mycelial growth by 89.43% at a 20% concentration, followed by extract of Parthenium hysterophorus and garlic (Allium sativum), which inhibited up to 87.21 and 57.21%, respectively, at the same concentration. But ginger (Zingiber officinale), which only inhibited mycelial development by 26.94% at a 20% concentration, was shown to be the least effective. The most effective combination of phytoextracts and bio-agents for controlling the disease up to 36.43 percent in the HT-1 variety and 40.92 percent in the HT-2 variety was P. hysterophorus + T. harzianum, which controlled the disease up to 34.28 and 38.53 per cent, respectively, among the combinations of phytoextracts and bioagents tested under screen house conditions.