bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Locally Fixed Alleles: A method to localize gene drive to island populations
Authors: Sudweeks Jaye , Hollingsworth Brandon , Blondel Dimitri V. , Campbell Karl J. , Dhole Sumit , Eisemann John D. , Edwards Owain , Godwin John , Howald Gregg R. , Oh Kevin P. , Piaggio Antoinette J. , Prowse Thomas A. A. , Ross Joshua V. , Saah J. Royden , Shiels Aaron B. , Thomas Paul Q. , Threadgill David W. , Vella Michael R. , Gould Fred , Lloyd Alun L.
Published: November 2019

Invasive species pose a major threat to biodiversity on islands. While successes have been achieved using traditional removal methods, such as toxicants aimed at rodents, these approaches have limitations and various off-target effects on island ecosystems. Gene drive technologies designed to eliminate a population provide an alternative approach, but the potential for drive-bearing individuals to escape from the target release area and impact populations elsewhere is a major concern. Here we propose the “Locally Fixed Alleles” approach as a novel means for localizing elimination by a drive to an island population that exhibits significant genetic isolation from neighboring populations. Our approach is based on the assumption that in small island populations of rodents, genetic drift will lead to alleles at multiple genomic loci becoming fixed. In contrast, multiple alleles are likely to be maintained in larger populations on mainlands. Utilizing the high degree of genetic specificity achievable using homing drives, for example based on the CRISPR/Cas9 system, our approach aims at employing one or more locally fixed alleles as the target for a gene drive on a particular island. Using mathematical modeling, we explore the feasibility of this approach and the degree of localization that can be achieved. We show that across a wide range of parameter values, escape of the drive to a neighboring population in which the target allele is not fixed will at most lead to modest transient suppression of the non-target population. While the main focus of this paper is on elimination of a rodent pest from an island, we also discuss the utility of the locally fixed allele approach for the goals of population suppression or population replacement. Our analysis also provides a threshold condition for the ability of a gene drive to invade a partially resistant population.
Mobile EEG identifies the re-allocation of attention during real-world activity
Authors: Ladouce Simon , Donaldson David I. , Dudchenko Paul A. , Ietswaart Magdalena
Published: November 2019

The distribution of attention between competing processing demands can have dramatic real-world consequences, however little is known about how limited attentional resources are distributed during real-world behaviour. Here we employ mobile EEG to characterise the allocation of attention across multiple sensory-cognitive processing demands during naturalistic movement. We used a neural marker of attention, the Event-Related Potential (ERP) P300 effect, to show that attention to targets is reduced when human participants walk compared to when they stand still. In a second experiment, we show that this reduction in attention is not caused by the act of walking per se. A third experiment identified the independent processing demands driving reduced attention to target stimuli during motion. ERP data reveals that the reduction in attention seen during walking reflects the linear and additive sum of the processing demands produced by visual and inertial stimulation. The mobile cognition approach used here shows how limited resources are precisely re-allocated according to the sensory processing demands that occur during real-world behaviour.
Anomalous anisotropic behaviour of spin-triplet proximity effect in Au/SrRuO3/Sr2RuO4 junctions
Authors: Anwar M. S. , Kunieda M. , Ishiguro R. , Lee S. R. , Sow C. , Robinson J. W. A. , Yonezawa S. , Noh T. W. , Maeno Y.
Published: November 2019

Spin-polarized supercurrents can be generated with magnetic inhomogeneity at a ferromagnet/spin-singlet-superconductor interface. In such systems, complex magnetic inhomogeneity makes it difficult to functionalise the spin-polarized supercurrents. However, spin-polarized supercurrents in ferromagnet/spin-triplet-superconductor junctions can be controlled by the angle between magnetization and spin of Copper pairs (d-vector), that can effectively be utilized in developing of a field of research known as superconducting spintronics. Recently, we found induction of spin-triplet correlation into a ferromagnet SrRuO3 epitaxially deposited on a spin-triplet superconductor Sr2RuO4, without any electronic spin-flip scattering. Here, we present systematic magnetic field dependence of the proximity effect in Au/SrRuO3/Sr2RuO4 junctions. It is found that induced triplet correlations exhibit strongly anisotropic field response. Such behaviour is attributed to the rotation of the d-vector of Sr2RuO4. This anisotropic behaviour is in contrast with the vortex dynamic. Our results will stimulate study of interaction between ferromagnetism and unconventional superconductivity.
Proteomic changes in the milk of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) with subclinical mastitis due to intramammary infection by Staphylococcus aureus and by non-aureus staphylococci
Authors: Pisanu Salvatore , Cacciotto Carla , Pagnozzi Daniela , Puggioni Giulia Maria Grazia , Uzzau Sergio , Ciaramella Paolo , Guccione Jacopo , Penati Martina , Pollera Claudia , Moroni Paolo , Bronzo Valerio , Addis Maria Filippa
Published: November 2019

Subclinical mastitis by Staphylococcus aureus (SAU) and by non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) is a major issue in the water buffalo. To understand its impact on milk, 6 quarter samples with >3,000,000 cells/mL (3 SAU-positive and 3 NAS-positive) and 6 culture-negative quarter samples with <50,000 cells/mL were investigated by shotgun proteomics and label-free quantitation. A total of 1530 proteins were identified, of which 152 were significantly changed. SAU was more impacting, with 162 vs 127 differential proteins and higher abundance changes (P < 0.0005). The 119 increased proteins had mostly structural (n = 43, 28.29%) or innate immune defence functions (n = 39, 25.66%) and included vimentin, cathelicidins, histones, S100 and neutrophil granule proteins, haptoglobin, and lysozyme. The 33 decreased proteins were mainly involved in lipid metabolism (n = 13, 59.10%) and included butyrophilin, xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase, and lipid biosynthetic enzymes. The same biological processes were significantly affected also upon STRING analysis. Cathelicidins were the most increased family, as confirmed by western immunoblotting, with a stronger reactivity in SAU mastitis. S100A8 and haptoglobin were also validated by western immunoblotting. In conclusion, we generated a detailed buffalo milk protein dataset and defined the changes occurring in SAU and NAS mastitis, with potential for improving detection (ProteomeXchange identifier PXD012355).
Regulation of Respiration and Apoptosis by Cytochrome c Threonine 58 Phosphorylation
Authors: Wan Junmei , Kalpage Hasini A. , Vaishnav Asmita , Liu Jenney , Lee Icksoo , Mahapatra Gargi , Turner Alice A. , Zurek Matthew P. , Ji Qinqin , Moraes Carlos T. , Recanati Maurice-Andre , Grossman Lawrence I. , Salomon Arthur R. , Edwards Brian F. P. , Hüttemann Maik
Published: November 2019

Cytochrome c (Cytc) is a multifunctional protein, acting as an electron carrier in the electron transport chain (ETC), where it shuttles electrons from bc1 complex to cytochrome c oxidase (COX), and as a trigger of type II apoptosis when released from the mitochondria. We previously showed that Cytc is regulated in a highly tissue-specific manner: Cytc isolated from heart, liver, and kidney is phosphorylated on Y97, Y48, and T28, respectively. Here, we have analyzed the effect of a new Cytc phosphorylation site, threonine 58, which we mapped in rat kidney Cytc by mass spectrometry. We generated and overexpressed wild-type, phosphomimetic T58E, and two controls, T58A and T58I Cytc; the latter replacement is found in human and testis-specific Cytc. In vitro, COX activity, caspase-3 activity, and heme degradation in the presence of H2O2 were decreased with phosphomimetic Cytc compared to wild-type. Cytc-knockout cells expressing T58E or T58I Cytc showed a reduction in intact cell respiration, mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm), ROS production, and apoptotic activity compared to wild-type. We propose that, under physiological conditions, Cytc is phosphorylated, which controls mitochondrial respiration and apoptosis. Under conditions of stress Cytc phosphorylations are lost leading to maximal respiration rates, ∆Ψm hyperpolarization, ROS production, and apoptosis.
Generation of late Mesozoic felsic volcanic rocks in the Hailar Basin, northeastern China in response to overprinting of multiple tectonic regimes
Authors: Ji Zheng , Meng Qi-An , Wan Chuan-Biao , Zhu De-Feng , Ge Wen-Chun , Zhang Yan-Long , Yang Hao , Dong Yu , Jing Yan
Published: November 2019

We performed zircon U–Pb age dating and geochemical analyses of late Mesozoic felsic volcanic rocks in the Hailar Basin, NE China, with the aim of eclucidating their emplacement ages, origin and geodynamic significance. The volcanic rocks consist of dacites, rhyolites and rhyolitic tuffs. Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry zircon U–Pb dating results suggest that the rocks were erupted during the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous (161–117 Ma). They belong to the high-K calc-alkaline series and can be divided into two groups. Group I rocks are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous, contain low concentrations of heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and high field strength elements (HFSEs), and have low zircon saturation temperatures (average 786 °C), all of which indicate an I-type affinity. In contrast, Group II rocks have higher HREE and HFSE concentrations and zircon saturation temperatures (average 918 °C), suggesting an A-type affinity. All the felsic volcanic rocks have positive εHf(t) values of 1.43–12.32 with two-stage model ages of 1110–401 Ma. Our data indicate that the I-type felsic volcanic rocks formed from magmas generated by partial melting of a dominantly juvenile mica-bearing K-rich basaltic lower crust, whereas the A-type felsic volcanic rocks originated from the partial melting of a dry mafic–intermediate middle–lower crust that was dehydrated but not melt depleted. Based on the present results and previous research, we propose that the Late Jurassic I- and A-type felsic volcanic rocks in the Hailar Basin were formed in a post-collisional environment related to break-off of the subducted oceanic slab of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean and the subsequent gravitational collapse of the orogenically-thickened crust after closure of the ocean. In contrast, the Early Cretaceous I- and A-type felsic volcanic rocks were erupted in an extensional setting related to rollback of the subducted Paleo-Pacific Plate.
Effect of confinement potential shape on the electronic, thermodynamic, magnetic and transport properties of a GaAs quantum dot at finite temperature
Authors: Jahan K. Luhluh , Boyacioglu Bahadir , Chatterjee Ashok
Published: November 2019

The effect of the shape of the confinement potential on the electronic, thermodynamic, magnetic and transport properties of a GaAs quantum dot is studied using the power-exponential potential model with steepness parameter p. The average energy, heat capacity, magnetic susceptibility and persistent current are calculated using the canonical ensemble approach at low temperature. It is shown that for soft confinement, the average energy depends strongly on p while it is almost independent of p for hard confinement. The heat capacity is found to be independent of the shape and depth of the confinement potential at low temperatures and for the magnetic field considered. It is shown that the system undergoes a paramagnetic-diamagnetic transition at a critical value of the magnetic field. It is furthermore shown that for low values of the potential depth, the system is always diamagnetic irrespective of the shape of the potential if the magnetic field exceeds a certain value. For a range of the magnetic field, there exists a window of p values in which a re-entrant behavior into the diamagnetic phase can occur. Finally, it is shown that the persistent current in the present quantum dot is diamagnetic in nature and its magnitude increases with the depth of the dot potential but is independent of p for the parameters considered.
The Role and Therapeutic Potential of miRNAs in Colorectal Liver Metastasis
Authors: Sahu Smiti S. , Dey Shatovisha , Nabinger Sarah C. , Jiang Guanglong , Bates Alison , Tanaka Hiromi , Liu Yunlong , Kota Janaiah
Published: November 2019

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Liver metastasis is the major cause of CRC patient mortality, occurring in 60% patients with no effective therapies. Although studies have indicated the role of miRNAs in CRC, an in-depth miRNA expression analysis is essential to identify clinically relevant miRNAs and understand their potential in targeting liver metastasis. Here we analyzed miRNA expressions in 405 patient tumors from publicly available colorectal cancer genome sequencing project database. Our analyses showed miR-132, miR-378f, miR-605 and miR-1976 to be the most significantly downregulated miRNAs in primary and CRC liver metastatic tissues, and CRC cell lines. Observations in CRC cell lines indicated that ectopic expressions of miR-378f, -605 and -1976 suppress CRC cell proliferation, anchorage independent growth, metastatic potential, and enhance apoptosis. Consistently, CRC patients with higher miR-378f and miR-1976 levels exhibited better survival. Together, our data suggests an anti-tumorigenic role of these miRNAs in CRC and warrant future in vivo evaluation of the molecules for developing biomarkers or novel therapeutic strategies.
On the optimal choice of a hyperelastic model of ruptured and unruptured cerebral aneurysm
Authors: Parshin D. V. , Lipovka A. I. , Yunoshev A. S. , Ovsyannikov K. S. , Dubovoy A. V. , Chupakhin A. P.
Published: November 2019

In the last decade, preoperative modelling of the treatment of cerebral aneurysms is being actively developed. Fluid-structure interaction problem is a key point of a such modelling. Hence arises the question about the reasonable choice of the model of the vessel and aneurysm wall material to build the adequate model from the physical point of view. This study covers experimental investigation of 8 tissue samples of cerebral aneurysms and 1 tissue sample of a healthy cerebral artery. Results on statistical significance in ultimate stress for the classification of 2 cohorts of aneurysms: ruptured and unruptured described earlier in the literature were confirmed (p ≤ 0.01). We used the four most common models of hyperelastic material: Yeoh, Neo-Hookean and Mooney-Rivlin (3 and 5 parameter) models to describe the experimental data. In this study for the first time, we obtained a classification of hyperelastic models of cerebral aneurysm tissue, which allows to choose the most appropriate model for the simulation problems requirements depending on the physical interpretation of the considered problem: aneurysm status and range of deformation.
Extinction-resistant attention to long-term conditioned threat is indexed by selective visuocortical alpha suppression in humans
Authors: Panitz Christian , Keil Andreas , Mueller Erik M.
Published: November 2019

Previous electrophysiological studies in humans have shown rapid modulations of visual attention after conditioned threat vs. safety cues (<500 ms post-stimulus), but it is unknown whether this attentional prioritization is sustained throughout later time windows and whether it is robust to extinction. To investigate sustained visual attention, we assessed visuocortical alpha suppression in response to conditioned and extinguished threat. We reanalysed data from N = 87 male participants that had shown successful long-term threat conditioning and extinction in self reports and physiological measures in a two-day conditioning paradigm. The current EEG time-frequency analyses on recall test data on Day 2 revealed that previously threat-conditioned vs. safety cues evoked stronger occipital alpha power suppression from 600 to 1200 ms. Notably, this suppression was resistant to previous extinction. The present study showed for the first time that threat conditioning enhances sustained modulation of visuocortical attention to threat in the long term. Long-term stability and extinction resistance of alpha suppression suggest a crucial role of visuocortical attention mechanisms in the maintenance of learned fears.
Effects of multiple stressors on river biofilms depend on the time scale
Authors: Romero Ferran , Acuña Vicenç , Font Carme , Freixa Anna , Sabater Sergi
Published: November 2019

Global change exposes ecosystems to a myriad of stressors differing in their spatial (i.e. surface of stressed area) and temporal (i.e. exposure time) components. Among freshwater ecosystems, rivers and streams are subject to physical, chemical and biological stressors, which interact with each other and might produce diverging effects depending on exposure time. We conducted a manipulative experiment using 24 artificial streams to examine the individual and combined effects of warming (1.6 °C increase in water temperature), hydrological stress (simulated low-flow situation) and chemical stress caused by pesticide exposure (15.1–156.7 ng L−1) on river biofilms. We examined whether co-occurring stressors could lead to non-additive effects, and if these differed at two different exposure times. Specifically, structural and functional biofilm responses were assessed after 48 hours (short-term effects) and after 30 days (long-term effects) of exposure. Hydrological stress caused strong negative impacts on river biofilms, whereas effects of warming and pesticide exposure were less intense, although increasing on the long term. Most stressor combinations (71%) resulted in non-significant interactions, suggesting overall additive effects, but some non-additive interactions also occurred. Among non-additive interactions, 59% were classified as antagonisms after short-term exposure to the different stressor combinations, rising to 86% at long term. Our results indicate that a 30-day exposure period to multiple stressors increases the frequency of antagonistic interactions compared to a 48-hour exposure to the same conditions. Overall, the impacts of multiple-stressor occurrences appear to be hardly predictable from individual effects, highlighting the need to consider temporal components such as duration when predicting the effects of multiple stressors.
Hamiltonian dynamics of the SIS epidemic model with stochastic fluctuations
Authors: Nakamura Gilberto M. , Martinez Alexandre S.
Published: November 2019

Empirical records of epidemics reveal that fluctuations are important factors for the spread and prevalence of infectious diseases. The exact manner in which fluctuations affect spreading dynamics remains poorly known. Recent analytical and numerical studies have demonstrated that improved differential equations for mean and variance of infected individuals reproduce certain regimes of the SIS epidemic model. Here, we show they form a dynamical system that follows Hamilton’s equations, which allow us to understand the role of fluctuations and their effects on epidemics. Our findings show the Hamiltonian is a constant of motion for large population sizes. For small populations, finite size effects break the temporal symmetry and induce a power-law decay of the Hamiltonian near the outbreak onset, with a parameter-free exponent. Away from the onset, the Hamiltonian decays exponentially according to a constant relaxation time, which we propose as a metric when fluctuations cannot be neglected.
Degrading products of chondroitin sulfate can induce hypertrophy-like changes and MMP-13/ADAMTS5 production in chondrocytes
Authors: Jung Youn-Kwan , Park Hye-Ri , Cho Hyun-Jung , Jang Ji-Ae , Lee Eun-Ju , Han Min-Su , Kim Gun-Woo , Han Seungwoo
Published: November 2019

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is the most abundant glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in articular cartilage and the loss of CS-GAG occurs early in OA. As a major component of perichondral matrix interacting directly with chondrocytes, the active turnover of CS can affect to break the homeostasis of chondrocytes. Here we employ CS-based 3-dimensional (3D) hydrogel scaffold system to investigate how the degradation products of CS affect the catabolic phenotype of chondrocytes. The breakdown of CS-based ECM by the chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) resulted in a hypertrophy-like morphologic change in chondrocytes, which was accompanied by catabolic phenotypes, including increased MMP-13 and ADAMTS5 expression, nitric oxide (NO) production and oxidative stress. The inhibition of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) or TLR4 with OxPAPC (TLR2 and TLR4 dual inhibitor) and LPS-RS (TLR4-MD2 inhibitor) ameliorated these catabolic phenotypes of chondrocytes by CS-ECM degradation, suggesting a role of CS breakdown products as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). As downstream signals of TLRs, MAP kinases, NF-kB, NO and STAT3-related signals were responsible for the catabolic phenotypes of chondrocytes associated with ECM degradation. NO in turn reinforced the activation of MAP kinases as well as NFkB signaling pathway. Thus, these results propose that the breakdown product of CS-GAG can recapitulate the catabolic phenotypes of OA.
Scent-sniffing dogs can discriminate between native Eurasian and invasive North American beavers
Authors: Rosell Frank , Cross Hannah B. , Johnsen Christin B. , Sundell Janne , Zedrosser Andreas
Published: November 2019

The invasion of a species can cause population reduction or extinction of a similar native species due to replacement competition. There is a potential risk that the native Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) may eventually be competitively excluded by the invasive North American beaver (C. canadensis) from areas where they overlap in Eurasia. Yet currently available methods of census and population estimates are costly and time-consuming. In a laboratory environment, we investigated the potential of using dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) as a conservation tool to determine whether the Eurasian or the North American beaver is present in a specific beaver colony. We hypothesized that dogs can discriminate between the two beaver species, via the odorant signal of castoreum from males and females, in two floor platform experiments. We show that dogs detect scent differences between the two species, both from dead beaver samples and from scent marks collected in the field. Our results suggest that dogs can be used as an “animal biosensor” to discriminate olfactory signals of beaver species, however more tests are needed. Next step should be to test if dogs discern between beaver species in the field under a range of weather conditions and habitat types and use beaver samples collected from areas where the two species share the same habitat. So far, our results show that dogs can be used as a promising tool in the future to promote conservation of the native beaver species and eradication of the invasive one. We therefore conclude that dogs may be an efficient non-invasive tool to help conservationist to manage invasive species in Europe, and advocate for European wildlife agencies to invest in this new tool.
Alternatively spliced isoforms reveal a novel type of PTB domain in CCM2 protein
Authors: Jiang Xiaoting , Padarti Akhil , Qu Yanchun , Sheng Shen , Abou-Fadel Johnathan , Badr Ahmed , Zhang Jun
Published: November 2019

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) is a microvascular disorder in the central nervous system. Despite tremendous efforts, the causal genetic mutation in some CCM patients has not be identified, raising the possibility of an unknown CCM locus. The CCM2/MGC4607 gene has been identified as one of three known genes causing CCMs. In this report, we defined a total of 29 novel exons and 4 novel promoters in CCM2 genomic structure and subsequently identified a total of 50 new alternative spliced isoforms of CCM2 which eventually generated 22 novel protein isoforms. Genetic analysis of CCM2 isoforms revealed that the CCM2 isoforms can be classified into two groups based on their alternative promoters and alternative start codon exons. Our data demonstrated that CCM2 isoforms not only are specific in their subcellular compartmentation but also have distinct cellular expression patterns among various tissues and cells, indicating the pleiotropic cellular roles of CCM2 through their multiple isoforms. In fact, the complexity of the CCM2 genomic structure was reflected by the multiple layers of regulation of CCM2 expression patterns. At the transcriptional level, it is accomplished by alternative promoters, alternative splicing, and multiple transcriptional start sites and termination sites; while at the translational level, it is carried out with various cellular functions with a distinguishable CCM2 protein group pattern, specified abundance and composition of selective isoforms in a cell and tissue specific fashion. Through experimentation, we discovered a unique phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, namely atypical phosphotyrosine binding (aPTB) domain. Some long CCM2 isoform proteins contain both classes of PTB domains, making them a dual PTB domain-containing protein. Both CCM1 and CCM3 can bind competitively to this aPTB domain, indicating CCM2 as the cornerstone for CCM signaling complex (CSC).
Electrochemotherapy induces tumor regression and decreases the proliferative index in canine cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Dos Anjos Denner S. , Bueno Cynthia , Magalhães Larissa F. , Magalhães Georgia M. , Mattos-Junior Ewaldo , Pinto Marcela M. R. , De Nardi Andrigo B. , Brunner Carlos H. M. , Leis-Filho Antonio F. , Calazans Sabryna G. , Fonseca-Alves Carlos E.
Published: November 2019

Canine cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common skin cancer in dogs, and, due to its low metastatic rate, local treatments, such as electrochemotherapy (ECT), promote disease control or even complete remission (CR). This study aimed to evaluate the gene and protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2 associated X protein (BAX), the proliferative index and clinical parameters in dogs with cSCC subjected to ECT. A prospective nonrandomized clinical study was performed using dogs with naturally occurring cSCC that was treated with ECT. Eighteen lesions from 11 dogs were selected. The tumor size at day 0 (D0) had no impact on survival or prognosis (P > 0.05). Tumor samples had a lower proliferative index after ECT (D21) than before ECT (P = 0.031). The survival of subjects with Ki67 values lower and higher than the Ki67 median value were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Regarding apoptotic markers, there were no significant differences in the gene and protein expression levels of BAX or Bcl-2 at D0 and D21 (P > 0.05) or in the overall survival of subjects with different levels of apoptotic markers. In conclusion, there was no change in BAX or Bcl-2 gene and protein expression in response to ECT at the time points evaluated, but ECT was able to reduce tumor volume and cellular proliferation in cSCC.
Climate-related factors cause changes in the diversity of fish and invertebrates in subtropical coast of the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Fujiwara Masami , Martinez-Andrade Fernando , Wells R. J. David , Fisher Mark , Pawluk Michaela , Livernois Mariah C.
Published: November 2019

Climate change impacts physical and chemical properties of the oceans, and these changes affect the ecology of marine organisms. One important ecological consequence of climate change is the distribution shift of marine species toward higher latitudes. Here, the prevalence of nearly 150 species of fish and invertebrates were investigated to find changes in their distributions over 35 years along a subtropical coast within the Gulf of Mexico. Our results show that 90 species increased their occupancy probability, while 33 decreased (remaining species neither increase or decrease), and the ranges of many species expanded. Using rarefaction analysis, which allows for the estimation of species diversity, we show that species diversity has increased across the coast of Texas. Climate-mediated environmental variables are related to the changes in the occupancy probability, suggesting the expansion of tropical species into the region is increasing diversity.
Enzymatic self-sufficient hydride transfer processes
Authors: Tassano Erika , Hall Mélanie
Published: November 2019

Enzymatic self-sufficient hydride transfer processes. The hydride shuttle used in catalytic quantities is typically a nicotinamide cofactor (full: reduced; empty: oxidized). Ideally, no electron is lost to ‘the outside’ and no waste is produced.
Development of simplified models for the nondestructive testing of rice with husk starch content using hyperspectral imaging technology
Authors: Zhang Zhehao , Yin Xiang , Ma Chengye
Published: November 2019

In this study, we aimed to establish the predictive models of the starch content in rice (with husk) using a hyperspectral imaging system (HSI) for a collection of 87 different rice varieties in China.
Catalytic reduction of dinitrogen to tris(trimethylsilyl)amine using rhodium complexes with a pyrrole-based PNP-type pincer ligand
Authors: Kawakami Ryosuke , Kuriyama Shogo , Tanaka Hiromasa , Arashiba Kazuya , Konomi Asuka , Nakajima Kazunari , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki
Published: November 2019

Rhodium complexes bearing an anionic pyrrole-based PNP-type pincer ligand are synthesised and found to work as effective catalysts for the transformation of molecular dinitrogen into tris(trimethylsilyl)amine under mild reaction conditions.
Excitation modulation of Eu:BPEPC based complexes as low-energy reference standards for circularly polarised luminescence (CPL)
Authors: Starck Matthieu , MacKenzie Lewis E. , Batsanov Andrei S. , Parker David , Pal Robert
Published: November 2019

The enantiomers of [EuL3]·3Cl serve as effective reference complexes for the calibration of circularly polarised luminescence (CPL) spectrometers.
Noble metal-free integrated UiO-66-PANI-Co3O4 catalyst for visible-light-induced H2 production
Authors: Singh Ajay K. , Gonuguntla Spandana , Mahajan Bhushan , Pal Ujjwal
Published: November 2019

The discriminate etching chemistry (crystal engineering) of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offers promising opportunities for tailoring electron–hole separation, and charge-carrier utilization plays a central role in photocatalysis.
Modified potential for atomistic simulation of the growth of carbon materials from binary alloy catalysts
Authors: Hur Jaewoong
Published: November 2019

A new hybrid bond order potential has been developed and implemented to describe carbon–bimetallic alloy interactions, involved in the catalytic growth of low dimensional carbon materials on the surface of binary alloy catalysts.
Candida albicansreprioritizes metal handling during fluconazole stress
Authors: Hunsaker Elizabeth W. , Franz Katherine J.
Published: November 2019

Fluconazole stress pushesC. albicansoutside of metal homeostasis, requiring adaptation. Fungal adaptation to drug stress requires remodeling of metal homeostasis networks, creating vulnerabilities to environmental fluctuations in Cu availability.
Recent advancement of imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) based nanoformulations for synergistic tumor therapy
Authors: Gao Lihua , Chen Qing , Gong Tingting , Liu Jianhua , Li Chunxia
Published: November 2019

In this review, the recent advancement of ZIF-8 as nanocarriers for the loading of various therapeutic molecules to fabricate multifunctional nanoformulations for synergistic cancer therapy will be summarized.
Multifunctional nanocomposite structural separators for energy storage
Authors: Acauan Luiz H. , Zhou Yue , Kalfon-Cohen Estelle , Fritz Nathan K. , Wardle Brian L.
Published: November 2019

New “structural separator” concept, comprised of electrically-insulating aligned nanofibers, that realizes a mechanically robust function in addition to ionic flow.
Phototherapy with layered materials derived quantum dots
Authors: Zhu Houjuan , Ni Nengyi , Govindarajan Suresh , Ding Xianguang , Leong David Tai
Published: November 2019

This review highlights the recent progress of various layered nanomaterials based quantum dots (QDs) for photodynamic and photothermal therapy.
A semiconductor junction photoelectrochemical device without a depletion region
Authors: Jung Jin-Young , Kim Sung-Hae , Shinde Sambhaji S. , Kim Dong-Hyung , Lin Chao , Lee Jung-Ho
Published: November 2019

We demonstrate depletion region-free semiconductor junctions in ultrathin Ni film-coated Si photoelectrochemical cells.
Modulation engineering of 2D MXene-based compounds for metal-ion batteries
Authors: Yu Yadong , Zhou Jian , Sun Zhimei
Published: November 2019

State-of-the-art advances in MXene-based compounds for rechargeable metal-ion batteries.
Interfacial engineering of Mo2C–Mo3C2 heteronanowires for high performance hydrogen evolution reactions
Authors: Jia Lina , Li Chen , Zhao Yaru , Liu Bitao , Cao Shixiu , Mou Dedan , Han Tao , Chen Gen , Lin Yue
Published: November 2019

Non-precious metal-based electrocatalysts with high activity and stability for efficient hydrogen evolution reactions are of critical importance for low-cost and large-scale water splitting.
Recent advances in modified TiO2 for photo-induced organic synthesis
Authors: Cheng Haojie , Xu Wentao
Published: November 2019

The recent advancements of modified TiO2 materials as photocatalysts for organic synthesis are summarized.
Hybrids of a 9-anthracenyl moiety and fluorescein as chemodosimeters for the detection of singlet oxygen in live cells
Authors: Chercheja Serghei , Daum Steffen , Xu Hong-Gui , Beierlein Frank , Mokhir Andriy
Published: November 2019

A highly efficient fluorogenic chemodosimeter for the detection of singlet oxygen was developed.
Facile synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-ones via cyclization of N-alkoxy α-halogenoacetamides with N-(2-chloromethyl)aryl amides
Authors: Jin Qiaomei , Zhang Dongjian , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2019

A facile and efficient cyclization of N-alkoxy α-halogenoacetamides with N-(2-chloromethyl)aryl amides has been achieved for rapid access to 1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-one derivatives (up to 95% yield).
Recent advances in the mechanisms of the hydrogen evolution reaction by non-innocent sulfur-coordinating metal complexes
Authors: Drosou Maria , Kamatsos Fotios , Mitsopoulou Christiana A.
Published: November 2019

This review comments on the homogeneous HER mechanisms for catalysts carrying S-non-innocent ligands in the light of experimental and computational data.
A Pd3L6 supramolecular cage incorporating photoactive [2.2]paracyclophane units
Authors: Rota Martir Diego , Delforce Lucie , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Warriner Stuart L. , Jacquemin Denis , Zysman-Colman Eli
Published: November 2019

In this work we report two photoactive [2.2]paracyclophane (pCp) ligands and a luminescent Pd3L6 cage incorporating these ligands, which exhibits blue emission both in solution and in the powder state.
Cu-catalyzed C–N bond cleavage of 3-aminoindazoles for the C–H arylation of enamines
Authors: Zhou Yao , Wang Ya , Song Zhiyi , Nakano Tamaki , Song Qiuling
Published: November 2019

We have presented a novel Cu-catalyzed stereoselective C–H arylation of enamines by using 3-aminoindazoles arylating agents via oxidative cleavage of two C–N bonds.
Improved nanocomposite of montmorillonite and hydroxyapatite for defluoridation of water
Authors: Fernando M. Shanika , Wimalasiri A. K. D. V. K. , Ratnayake S. P. , Jayasinghe J. M. A. R. B. , William Gareth R. , Dissanayake D. P. , de Silva K. M. Nalin , de Silva Rohini M.
Published: November 2019

A novel hydroxyapatite montmorillonite (HAP-MMT) nanocomposite was synthesized using a simple wet chemical in situ precipitation method. This nanocomposite showed improved adsorption properties towards fluoride ions in water.
Structural, magnetic, electrical and dielectric properties of Pr0.8Na0.2MnO3 manganite
Authors: Ouni I. , Ben Khlifa H. , M'nassri R. , Nofal Muaffaq M. , Rahmouni H. , Cheikhrouhou W. , Chniba-Boudjada N. , Khirouni K. , Cheikhrouhou A.
Published: November 2019

The orthorhombic Pr0.8Na0.2MnO3 ceramic was prepared in polycrystalline form by a Pechini sol–gel method and its structural, magnetic, electrical and dielectric properties were investigated experimentally.
Structural characterization, antioxidant activity, and antiglycation activity of polysaccharides from different chrysanthemum teas
Authors: Yuan Qin , Fu Yuan , Xiang Pan-Yin , Zhao Li , Wang Sheng-Peng , Zhang Qing , Liu Yun-Tao , Qin Wen , Li De-Qiang , Wu Ding-Tao
Published: November 2019

In this study, structural characteristics, antioxidant activity, and antiglycation activity of polysaccharides from different chrysanthemum teas were investigated and compared.
Rapid lipidomics analysis for sepsis-induced liver injury in rats and insights into lipid metabolic pathways using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Liang Qun , Liu Han , Li Xiu-li , Yang Yang , Hairong Panguo
Published: November 2019

Lipidomics has been applied in the identification and quantification of molecular lipids within an organism, and to provide insights into mechanisms in clinical medicine.
Synthesis and compatibility evaluation of versatile mesoporous silica nanoparticles with red blood cells: an overview
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Subhankar , Veroniaina Hanitrarimalala , Chimombe Tadious , Han Lidong , Zhenghong Wu , Xiaole Qi
Published: November 2019

Protean mesoporous silica nanoparticles are propitious candidates over decades for nanoscale drug delivery systems due to their unique characteristics, including changeable pore size, mesoporosity, high drug loading capacity and biodegradability.
Synthesis of graphene via electrochemical exfoliation in different electrolytes for direct electrodeposition of a Cu/graphene composite coating
Authors: Mao Xinyu , Zhu Liqun , Liu Huicong , Chen Haining , Ju Pengfei , Li Weiping
Published: November 2019

Electrochemically exfoliated graphene was directly dispersed in the DMF/H2O solution for electrodeposition of a Cu/graphene composite coating.
Highly transparent copper iodide thin film thermoelectric generator on a flexible substrate
Authors: Coroa J. , Morais Faustino B. M. , Marques A. , Bianchi C. , Koskinen T. , Juntunen T. , Tittonen I. , Ferreira I.
Published: November 2019

Simultaneously transparent and flexible conductive materials are in demand to follow the current trend in flexible technology. A highly transparent and flexible thermoelectric generator of 17 p–n modules was constructed based on copper iodide thin films.
Untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for rapid discovery of metabolite biomarkers to reveal therapeutic effects ofPsoralea corylifoliaseeds against osteoporosis
Authors: Zhao Fu-jiang , Zhang Zhao-bo , Ma Ning , Teng Xiao , Cai Zhen-cheng , Liu Ming-xi
Published: November 2019

Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry has been used as metabolomics profiling tool to discover and identify the metabolites in metabolic diseases.
Phase-transfer extraction for the fast quantification of perchlorate anions in water
Authors: Vázquez J. , Šindelář V.
Published: November 2019

Presenting a novel UV-Vis method for the quantification of perchlorate in water, combining selective bambusuril anion recognition and phase-transfer extraction.
Understanding the multiscale self-assembly of metal–organic polyhedra towards functionally graded porous gels
Authors: Legrand Alexandre , Craig Gavin A. , Bonneau Mickaele , Minami Saori , Urayama Kenji , Furukawa Shuhei
Published: November 2019

Time-resolved dynamic light scattering unveiled the multiscale self-assembly mechanism of metal–organic polyhedra and allowed for inducing asymmetry in a porous gel.
Screening of metal ions and organocatalysts on solid support-coupled DNA oligonucleotides guides design of DNA-encoded reactions
Authors: Potowski Marco , Losch Florian , Wünnemann Elena , Dahmen Janina K. , Chines Silvia , Brunschweiger Andreas
Published: November 2019

DNA-encoded compound libraries are widely used in drug discovery. Screening of catalysts for compatibility with solid phase-coupled DNA sequences guided the selection of encoded reactions, exemplified by a Zn(II)-mediated aza-Diels–Alder reaction.
Glassy dynamics in models of confluent tissue with mitosis and apoptosis
Authors: Czajkowski Michael , Sussman Daniel M. , Marchetti M. Cristina , Manning M. Lisa
Published: November 2019

Using a new Active Vertex Model of confluent epithelial tissue, we investigate the effect of cell division and cell death on previously identified glassy dynamics and establish how fast the cell life cycle must be in order to disrupt the observed dynamical signatures of glass-like behavior.
Rapid leakage from PEGylated liposomes triggered by bubbles
Authors: Fujie Tetsuya , Yoshimoto Makoto
Published: November 2019

Leakage of the dye molecules from PEGylated liposomes was significantly accelerated by using gas–liquid flow as a trigger for bilayer destabilization.
Robust, sustainable and multifunctional nanofibers with smart switchability for water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsion separation and liquid marble preparation
Authors: Arshadi Mohammad , Azizi Morteza , Souzandeh Hamid , Tan Chen , Davachi Seyed Mohammad , Abbaspourrad Alireza
Published: November 2019

Various membranes have been developed for the separation of oil/water mixtures; however, their fabrication requires toxic reagents, multiple processing steps, and advanced technologies.
Correction: Effective and sustainable Cs+ remediation via exchangeable sodium-ion sites in graphene oxide fibers
Authors: Lee Heehyeon , Lee Kyungeun , Kim Sang Ouk , Lee Jae-Seung , Oh Youngtak
Published: November 2019

Correction for ‘Effective and sustainable Cs+ remediation via exchangeable sodium-ion sites in graphene oxide fibers’ by Heehyeon Lee et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, 7, 17754–17760.
A nanowire-integrated thermoresponsive microfluidic platform for on-demand enrichment and colorimetric detection of pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Du Xuancheng , Wu Chun , Wang Weijing , Qiu Lin , Jiang Pengju , Wang Jianhao , Li Yong-Qiang
Published: November 2019

A nanowire-integrated thermoresponsive microfluidic platform has been presented for on-demand enrichment and colorimetric detection of pathogenic bacteria.
Critical and diverse roles of phosphates in human bone formation
Authors: Hughes Erik A. B. , Robinson Thomas E. , Bassett David B. , Cox Sophie C. , Grover Liam M.
Published: November 2019

The interconnecting roles of phosphates in bone mineral formation.
Titanium carbide MXenes combined with red-emitting carbon dots as a unique turn-on fluorescent nanosensor for label-free determination of glucose
Authors: Zhu Xiaohua , Pang Xiao , Zhang Youyu , Yao Shouzhuo
Published: November 2019

Titanium carbides (Ti3C2), a new family of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, have attracted extensive attention due to their unique structure and desirable physiochemical properties.
Catalyst-free growth of two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride few-layers on sapphire for deep ultraviolet photodetectors
Authors: Gao Menglei , Meng Junhua , Chen Yanan , Ye Siyuan , Wang Ye , Ding Congyu , Li Yubo , Yin Zhigang , Zeng Xiangbo , You Jingbi , Jin Peng , Zhang Xingwang
Published: November 2019

Catalyst-free growth of wafer-scale h-BN few-layers is realized on sapphire substrates by the combination of surface nitridation and N+ sputtering.
The multifunctional enzyme S-adenosylhomocysteine/methylthioadenosine nucleosidase is a key metabolic enzyme in the virulence of Salmonella enterica var Typhimurium
Authors: Husna Asma U. , Wang Nancy , Wilksch Jonathan J. , Newton Hayley J. , Hocking Dianna M. , Hay Iain D. , Cobbold Simon A. , Davies Mark R. , McConville Malcolm J. , Lithgow Trevor , Strugnell Richard A.
Published: November 2019

Key physiological differences between bacterial and mammalian metabolism provide opportunities for the development of novel antimicrobials. We examined the role of the multifunctional enzyme S-adenosylhomocysteine/Methylthioadenosine (SAH/MTA) nucleosidase (Pfs) in the virulence of S. enterica var Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) in mice, using a defined Pfs deletion mutant (i.e. Δpfs). Pfs was essential for growth of S. Typhimurium in M9 minimal medium, in tissue cultured cells, and in mice. Studies to resolve which of the three known functions of Pfs were key to murine virulence suggested that downstream production of autoinducer-2, spermidine and methylthioribose were non-essential for Salmonella virulence in a highly sensitive murine model. Mass spectrometry revealed the accumulation of SAH in S. Typhimurium Δpfs and complementation of the Pfs mutant with the specific SAH hydrolase from Legionella pneumophila reduced SAH levels, fully restored growth ex vivo and the virulence of S. Typhimurium Δpfs for mice. The data suggest that Pfs may be a legitimate target for antimicrobial development, and that the key role of Pfs in bacterial virulence may be in reducing the toxic accumulation of SAH which, in turn, suppresses an undefined methyltransferase.
Suspension performance analysis of a novel bearingless motor
Authors: Yuan Ye , Ma Yiqing , Guo Shuaipo , Yang Fan , Xu Bo
Published: November 2019

Biased magnetic flux produced by a permanent magnet can reduce the power consumption of the suspension system in bearingless motors or magnetic bearings. However, the ability to generate suspension biased magnetic flux with a single permanent magnet tends to be saturated with the increase of the magnetising width. In order to solve the above problem, an axially superposed permanent magnet biased bearingless motor, which consists of a 12/8 reluctance motor for producing torque and two permanent magnets for producing desired biased magnetic flux density is present. The structure and working principle are introduced, and the electromagnetic characteristics are analysed by finite element analysis. The results verify that the proposed bearingless motor has the excellent merits of weak coupling between the torque system and suspension force and satisfactory suspension performance. Furthermore, much more biased permanent magnets could also be used for the suspension system of ultra‐high speed, high power and slender bearingless motors such as flywheel energy storage systems.
Dynamic analysis on the whole body with sitting posture for impact loading
Authors: Ma Chao , Yao Jie , Wang Shaohong
Published: November 2019

Objected to influences of impact to the whole body with sitting posture, the inverse dynamical analysis is carried out. Firstly by using the high‐speed video camera, the images of the marked points on the body and the impact platform are captured and then the marked points’ displacement can be obtained. Taking those displacements as input parameters, the inverse dynamical composition are continued with AnyBody Modeling System and responses are obtained and the impact transfer performance of the vertical direction in the human body with sitting posture and the muscle activities could be confirmed. From the sitting musculoskeletal model, it is concluded that acting forces of the joints and the mechanism performance of those parts of the body could be computed with different impact loadings, which would be conducive to understand the impact influence for the most parts of the body; especially for those parts that could be not tested. The study could be better for the reasonable countermeasures with certain postures for random impacting loadings.