bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunologic Recognition of a Shared p53 Mutated Neoantigen in a Patient with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Lo Winifred , Parkhurst Maria , Robbins Paul F. , Tran Eric , Lu Yong-Chen , Jia Li , Gartner Jared J. , Pasetto Anna , Deniger Drew , Malekzadeh Parisa , Shelton Thomas E. , Prickett Todd , Ray Satyajit , Kivitz Scott , Paria Biman C. , Kriley Isaac , Schrump David S. , Rosenberg Steven A.
Published: February 2019

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with T cells targeting neoantigens can mediate durable responses in patients with metastatic cancer. Cell therapies targeting common shared antigens for epithelial cancers are not yet broadly available. Here, we report the identification and characterization in one patient of T-cell receptors (TCRs) recognizing mutated p53 p.R175H, which is shared among a subset of patients with cancer. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were screened for recognition of mutated neoantigens in a patient with metastatic colorectal cancer. HLA-A*0201–restricted recognition of mutated p53 p.R175H was identified, and the minimal peptide epitope was HMTEVVRHC. Reactive T cells were isolated by tetramer sorting, and three TCRs were identified. These TCRs mediated recognition of commercially available ovarian cancer, uterine carcinoma, and myeloma cell lines, as well as an NIH patient–derived esophageal adenocarcinoma line that endogenously expressed p53 p.R175H and HLA-A*0201. They also mediated recognition of p53 p.R175H+ colon, breast, and leukemia cell lines after transduction with a retrovirus encoding HLA-A*0201. This work demonstrates that common shared mutated epitopes such as those found in p53 can elicit immunogenic responses and that the application of ACT may be extended to patients with any cancer histology that expresses both HLA-A*0201 and the p53 p.R175H mutation.
Chronic Kidney Disease: Exploring Value-Based Healthcare as a Potential Viable Solution
Authors: Busink Ellen , Canaud Bernard , Schröder-Bäck Peter , Paulus Aggie T.G. , Evers Silvia M.A.A. , Apel Christian , Bowry Sudhir K. , Stopper Andrea
Published: February 2019

Background: Increasing healthcare expenditures have triggered a trend from volume to value by linking patient outcome to costs. This concept first described as value-based healthcare (VBHC) by Michael Porter is especially applicable for chronic conditions. This article aims to explore the applicability of the VBHC framework to the chronic kidney disease (CKD) care area. Methods: The 4 dimensions of VBHC (measure value; set and communicate value benchmarking; coordinate care; payment to reward value-add) were explored for the CKD care area. Available data was reviewed focusing on CKD initiatives in Europe to assess to what extent each of the 4 dimensions of VBHC have been applied in practice. Results: Translating VBHC into value-based renal care (VBRC) seems to be initiated to a limited extent in European health systems. In most cases not all dimensions of VBHC have been utilized in the renal care initiatives. Conclusion: The translation of VBHC into VBRC is possible and even desirable if an optimal treatment pathway for CKD patients could be achieved. This would require an organizational change in health system set up and should include a strategy focusing on full care responsibility. The patient outcome perspective and health economic analysis need to be the centre of attention.
End-Stage Kidney Diseases in Immigrant Groups: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Sweden
Authors: Wändell Per , Carlsson Axel C. , Li Xinjun , Gasevic Danijela , Ärnlöv Johan , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina
Published: February 2019

Background: Our aim was to study the association between the country of birth and incident end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in several immigrant groups in Sweden, using individuals born in Sweden or with Swedish-born parents as referents. Methods: A cohort study of first- and second-generation immigrants residing in Sweden between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2012 was performed. Outcomes were defined as having at least one registered diagnosis of ESKD in the National Patient Register. The incidence of ESKD in different immigrant groups was used in the Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. All models were stratified by sex and adjusted for age, geographical residence, educational level, marital status, and neighbourhood socioeconomic status. Results: Compared to their referents, higher incidence rates and HRs of ESKD (HR; 95% CI) were observed in general among foreign-born men (1.10; 1.04–1.16) and women (1.12; 1.04–1.21) but not among second-generation immigrants (persons born in Sweden with foreign-born parents). A particularly high ­incidence was noted among men and women from ­East-European countries, as well as from non-European regions. A lower incidence of ESKD was noted among men from Finland. Conclusions: We observed substantial differences in incidence of ESKD between immigrant groups and the Swedish-born population, which may be clinically relevant when monitoring preventive measures in patient subgroups with a higher risk of deteriorating kidney disease, and suggest higher attention to hypertension and diabetes control in immigrants. Mechanisms attributable to the migration process or ethnic differences may lead to an increased risk of ESKD.
Los estudiantes universitarios en la revolución cubana de 1959
Authors: Acevedo-Tarazona Álvaro , Lagos-Cortés Emilio ,   Candidato a Magíster Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia
Published: February 2019

(descriptive): This reflective article highlights the revolutionary activities carried out by the Cuban student movement at the University of Havana during the struggle against Fulgencio Batista’s dictatorship between 1952 and 1959. Through the analysis of primary documents, the authors focus on the groups that were seeking to reconcile with the Batista dictatorship and radicals and their struggle to win the support of the Cuban student body. Among the radicals were two different factions linked to Fidel Castro and José Antonio Echeverría. As the revolutionary struggle increased, the group supporting Echeverría lost autonomy and ended up being politically and militarily incorporated into the revolutionary leadership of the July 26 Movement.
Discurso estatal chileno en la protección de los derechos de niños(as) y jóvenes
Authors: Sola-Morales Salomé , Campos Garrido Nicole Alejandra ,   Periodista, Chile.
Published: February 2019

(analytical): The objective of this research has been to analyze the Chilean state’s discourse on the protection of children and young people’s rights. We used quantitative and qualitative methodologies to carry out this research that were focused on an analysis of the discourse of the Chilean state. The main finding is that young people under the age of 18 play secondary roles in government policies and are not considered social actors in the Chilean state’s discourse on children and young people. In addition, they don’t or can’t express opinions and they are discriminated against when they form part of a precarious social context or they have broken the law. In conclusion, the study affirms that the discourse of the Chilean state goes against the principles of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, signed on the 20th of November 1990.
Sentido de la experiencia escolar en estudiantes de secundaria en situación de vulnerabilidad
Authors: Díaz-Barriga Arceo Frida , Vázquez-Negrete Verónica Isabel , Díaz-David Adolfo
Published: February 2019

(analítico): se reporta una investigación cualitativa biográfico-narrativa, que recupera la voz de los y las estudiantes de secundaria respecto a la manera en que viven la institución escolar. Con el propósito de explorar la identidad narrativa autobiográfica de adolescentes en situación de vulnerabilidad académica y social, se solicitó a un grupo de 33 estudiantes mexicanos de tercer grado de secundaria en riesgo de abandono y rezago escolar, que generaran y digitalizaran un relato digital sobre sus vivencias escolares. Se buscó comprender los factores asociados al desvanecimiento progresivo del sentido de la educación y del aprendizaje escolar. Las narrativas de los estudiantes desvelaron la vida socioemocional de los adolescentes, la crítica a la normativa escolar y a la autoridad, la aceptación entre pares, el acoso escolar, las carencias en las instalaciones y servicios educativos.
Estrategias pedagógicas de literacidad: experiencia significativa en una Institución Educativa de Boyacá
Authors: González-Rodríguez María Constanza , Londoño-Vásquez David Alberto ,   Institución Universitaria de Envigado, Colombia.
Published: February 2019

(analítico): este artículo presenta los resultados obtenidos en una investigación
acción educativa de tipo cualitativo, realizada en una Institución Educativa Técnica rural en un municipio de Boyacá (Colombia), donde se realizó una intervención a partir de estrategias pedagógicas para fortalecer los niveles de literacidad, teniendo en cuenta el aprendizaje significativo en su diseño dado al bajo nivel de dichos estudiantes. El soporte teórico de la investigación fue la literacidad como desarrollo de competencias en comprensión y producción escritural en contexto. La unidad de análisis fue observación directa a 6 participantes, sus respectivas pruebas de entrada y salida y 5 talleres pedagógicos. Con los resultados logrados en la investigación se evidencian avances en la mayoría de las variables evaluadas; sin embargo, al valorar los resultados finales, algunos alumnos aún presentan dificultades.
Embarazos adolescentes y representaciones sociales (León, Guanajuato, México, 2016-2017)
Authors: Sierra-Macías Alejandra , Covarrubias-BerMúdez María De Los Ángeles , González-Pérez Guillermo Julián , Alfaro-Alfaro Noé
Published: February 2019

(analítico): la intencionalidad del embarazo se ha tratado de explicar desdediversos marcos teóricos, pero no siempre se considera el contexto cultural; por ello persistencomplicaciones conceptuales y metodológicas. A lo largo de este estudio se pretendió identificar lasrepresentaciones sociales que las adolescentes de León (Guanajuato, México) tienen del embarazono deseado y no planeado, estudio basado en el enfoque teórico de las representaciones sociales, conel uso de técnicas asociativas derivadas de la antropología cognitiva, específicamente listados libresy comparación de pares. Participaron 72 mujeres de 15 a 19 años. Las representaciones sociales delembarazo no planeado se centraron en aspectos económicos y emocionales negativos; el embarazono deseado se asoció con aspectos emocionales negativos (sentimientos de enojo y culpa por lasituación), además de que se consideró el aborto como solución.
Cruzar a metrópole
Authors: Torres Marina Abreu
Published: February 2019

Inserido nos debates sobre a mobilidade, esse artigo discute o papel dos transportes coletivos na vida urbana, com uma análise específica do município de Ribeirão das Neves, localizado na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. Partindo do pressuposto de que a mobilidade não é atributo universal, mas vivida de maneira desigual nos territórios da metrópole, analiso as relações entre transporte, segregação urbana e exclusão social. A partir de dados secundários, mostro como a mobilidade em Ribeirão das Neves é baixa – o tempo médio de deslocamento de sua população é alto e o acesso ao transporte é fortemente condicionado pela renda. O município conta com linhas de ônibus pouco frequentes, de baixa qualidade e caras, o que afeta diretamente a possibilidade de seus moradores acessarem a outras regiões da metrópole, agravando a exclusão. Através de trabalho etnográfico nos ônibus de Ribeirão das Neves, foi possível perceber os problemas enfrentados pelos moradores as barreiras sociais impostas pelo sistema de transportes da região. A pesquisa mostra ainda como esses problemas estão estritamente relacionados ao caráter mercantilizado dos transportes, uma vez que a contrapartida financeira da atividade se sobrepõe às necessidades de deslocamento da população.
Militâncias culturais em contextos de violência rotinizada na zona oeste do Rio De Janeiro (Brasil) e em Guerrero (México)
Authors: Gomes Simone
Published: February 2019

O texto analisa militâncias culturais em contextos de alto grau de coerção e violência, onde atores armados se instalaram ostensivamente. Assume-se, portanto, que tais espaços seriam adversos para os militantes, que nesse trabalho, são homens e mulheres de idades entre 19 a 29 anos. Empiricamente, abordaremos parte da Zona Oeste do Rio de Janeiro, no Brasil, e o estado de Guerrero, no México, semelhantes pela convergência de pobreza e violência. A hipótese principal do trabalho foi que a (iminência da) violência auxilia a compreensão da (ausência de) militância. A fim de verificá-la, foi realizada uma pesquisa empírica nos lugares supramencionados, para traçar as bases comuns e divergentes das estratégias contestatárias desses militantes e uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Dessa maneira, foi possível constatar o quanto as opções de militância ora se radicalizam nessas regiões, ora se organizam em resistências culturais e mais ocultas através de pautas que não digam respeito à segurança pública e nem sempre manifestadas como documentado pela literatura dos movimentos sociais.
“Nós por nós”
Authors: Silva Roselene Cássia de Alencar , Carade Hildon Oliveira Santiago
Published: February 2019

O presente trabalho analisa a visibilidade como artefato político, na medida em que ela tem sido utilizada por jovens da periferia urbana em suas tentativas de garantir o seu “direito à cidade”. Quase sempre invisíveis, comumente, esses jovens aparecem na esfera pública como associados à violência, mesmo quando se dedicam às atividades vinculadas ao lazer, ao entretenimento e à indústria cultural. Por intermédio do acompanhamento de coletivos de jovens da cidade de Salvador que têm se dedicado à pixação, ao grafite, ao rap, dentre outras práticas artísticas marginais, argumentamos que há um processo de construção de visibilidade das demandas desses segmentos, uma vez que, antes, durante e após as chamadas “jornadas de junho de 2013”, eles passaram a se articular com os movimentos sociais mais tradicionais (aqueles centrados em bandeiras de cunho racial e social). Com essas articulações, esses jovens da periferia têm criado uma alternativa à “visibilidade perversa”, que é a projeção a eles conferida pela mídia e pelas autoridades policiais, sobretudo quando os enquadram nos termos da desordem e da anomia social. Por fim, consideramos que a politização desses movimentos artísticos tem possibilitado aos jovens a emergência de um outro tipo de juventude da periferia, nem vinculada ao tráfico de drogas, tampouco às iniciativas governamentais (isto é, os jovens de projetos sociais).
A cidade está em falência: viva a cidade! - Entrevista com Morten Nielsen
Authors: Pardue Derek
Published: February 2019

Entrevista com Morten Nielsen, realizada por Derek Pardue.
Neodesenvolvimentismo, neoliberalismo e a correlação de forças nos governos Lula e Dilma
Authors: Paccola Marco Antonio Bestetti , Alves Giovanni Antonio Pinto
Published: February 2019

O artigo visa analisar o modelo político-econômico neodesenvolvimentista, buscando desnudar a correlação de forças que possibilitou sua implantação e que levou a mudanças significativas no contexto nacional. Procuramos relacionar a política econômica do governo, ao longo dos últimos anos, com os movimentos das frações da classe dominante brasileira, a conjuntura internacional e o desempenho econômico que tem influenciado diretamente estas políticas. Assim, busca-se demonstrar que a política nacional foi determinada, neste período, principalmente pela disputa entre setores da classe dominante. Disputa esta que se realizou devido à contestação da hegemonia neoliberal no Brasil, sustentada pela fração financeira e que passou a ser contrabalanceada por uma política neodesenvolvimentista, que buscou, no governo federal e na cooptação das classes subalternas, romper com o domínio dos setores financeiros. Esta disputa leva o país a uma crise política de grandes proporções, que culminou na queda do governo Dilma e na erosão do neodesenvolvimentismo.
subjetividade e a etnografia doméstica em Last Words
Authors: Braz Beatriz D’Angelo
Published: February 2019

Este artigo propõe uma análise do documentário Last words (1998), do cineasta holandês Johan van der Keuken. Autor de mais de cinquenta documentários, Van der Keuken se destaca por sua constante experimentação cinematográfica, tanto em aspectos formais quanto temáticos. Last words, um dos últimos filmes do documentarista, exemplifica sua inserção no documentário reflexivo ao registrar os últimos momentos de sua irmã, Joke, que padece de um câncer. Este artigo centra-se, então, na representação da subjetividade e da morte no documentário, que realiza uma etnografia doméstica em que o documentarista relembra e reflete, por meio da irmã, sua própria trajetória e vivência familiar.
Onde andará a bicha melancólica?
Authors: Duarte Filho Ricardo
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo pretende discutir como a presença de uma melancolia queer pode gerar novas possibilidades criadoras. Para tal, pretendo discorrer brevemente sobre as ideias de melancolia como falta e fantasmagoria e então as contrapor à ideia da melancolia como produção e estetização, especialmente como suscitadas pelo filme brasileiro Doce Amianto (2013), de Guto Parente e Uirá dos Reis. O artigo argumenta que a bicha melancólica, por recusar o seu presente através de sua estetização melancólica, possibilita a criação de novas formas de vida para o sujeito queer e como essa visão possibilitaria instigantes escolhas estéticas dentro do campo cinematográfico.

Palavras-chaves: artifício; cinema brasileiro contemporâneo; cinema queer; melancolia.
repórter e a reportagem televisiva
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Paula Goulart , Sacramento Igor
Published: February 2019

Este artigo compara as coberturas dos programas Jornal Nacional (da TV Globo) e Le 20 Heures (do canal TF1) sobre o atentado terrorista ao jornal francês Charlie Hebdo em 7 de janeiro de 2015, a partir das diferentes formas de performance dos repórteres em duas culturas televisivas distintas: a brasileira, marcada pela subjetivação, e a francesa, pela descorporalização.
Revolução na Terra do Sol
Authors: Napolitano Marcos
Published: February 2019

O livro Revolution in the Terra do Sol: the Cold War in Brazil, de Sarah Sarzynski analisa como o contexto da Guerra Fria foi vivida por vários atores culturais e políticos do Nordeste brasileiro entre os anos 1950 e 1960, a partir da categoria tropos, entendida como palavras que são objeto de disputa simbólica e ideológica em contextos específicos.
Apresentação
Authors: Morettin Eduardo
Published: February 2019

Apresentação da edição 51 de Significação: revista de cultura audiovisual
Submillisievert Multiphasic Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography for Pediatric Patients With Congenital Heart Diseases
Authors: Le Roy Julien , Vernhet Kovacsik Hélène , Zarqane Hamid , Vincenti Marie , Abassi Hamouda , Lavastre Kathleen , Mura Thibault , Lacampagne Alain , Amedro Pascal
Published: February 2019

Background:

The use of coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography in children with coronary artery anomalies is increasing. However, it remains technically demanding and the need to adapt acquisition parameters to a patient’s cardiac characteristics has not yet been addressed. The aim of the study was to prospectively assess the feasibility of personalized multiphasic coronary CT angiography for pediatric patients.

Methods:

Fifty pediatric patients (mean age 6.1±4.9 years) with coronary artery anomalies underwent a coronary CT angiography on a wide detector single-source CT equipment. Fifteen different acquisition patterns were used to trigger the acquisition at the best theoretical moment within the cardiac cycle. The appropriate pattern was automatically selected based on the patient’s heart rate and heart rate variability, derived from the patient’s ECG. Two independent radiologists qualitatively evaluated images.

Results:

All acquisitions fully answered the clinical question for a mean effective dose of 0.97±0.34 mSv. Image quality qualified as good or excellent in 94% of cases (47/50). No examination was considered as not assessable but 6% (3/50) were scored as adequate for diagnosis. For these 3 patients, motion artifacts were the main cause of average image quality. No significant visual differences were reported between the different coronary arteries (mean score of 3.6 on a 4-point scale). No correlation between image quality and cardiac parameters were reported (
r
=−0.19 and
r
=0.00, respectively for heart rate and heart rate variability).

Conclusions:

Personalized multiphasic coronary CT angiography acquisitions could be performed with diagnostic quality for a dose equivalent of <4 months of natural background irradiation.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03194763.
Association of International Normalized Ratio Stability and Bleeding Outcomes Among Atrial Fibrillation Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Kerneis Mathieu , Yee Megan K. , Mehran Roxana , Nafee Tarek , Bode Christoph , Halperin Jonathan L. , Peterson Eric D. , Verheugt Freek W.A. , Wildgoose Peter , van Eickels Martin , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Cohen Marc , Fox Keith A.A. , Gibson C. Michael
Published: February 2019

Background:

Among atrial fibrillation patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention enrolled in PIONEER AF-PCI (An Open-Label, Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Study Exploring Two Treatment Strategies of Rivaroxaban and a Dose-Adjusted Oral Vitamin K Antagonist Treatment Strategy in Subjects With Atrial Fibrillation Who Undergo Percutaneous Coronary Intervention), it is unclear if the observed reduction in bleeding events with rivaroxaban regimens is consistent across a range of the international normalized ratio (INR) among subjects administrated Vitamin K antagonist (VKA)-triple therapy. This analysis compares the occurrence of clinically significant bleeding between rivaroxaban and VKA strategies, according to INR stability of subjects administrated VKA.

Methods and Results:

A total of 2124 atrial fibrillation patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention were randomized to 3 groups: rivaroxaban 15 mg od plus a P2Y
12
inhibitor (group 1, n=709); rivaroxaban 2.5 mg bid plus dual antiplatelet therapy (group 2, n=709); and warfarin plus dual antiplatelet therapy (group 3, n=706). Subjects assigned to the VKA group were stratified according to time in therapeutic range and time spent with an INR >3. Kaplan-Meier estimates were calculated for clinically significant bleeding through 1 year and hazard ratios were derived using Cox Proportional Hazards models. Among group 3, 93.4% of the participants had a time in therapeutic range available (mean time in therapeutic range=65.0±24.8%). Both groups 1 and 2 were associated with a reduction in clinically significant bleeding compared with subjects in group 3, regardless of the time in therapeutic range (hazard ratio ranges=0.53–0.71 and 0.57–0.76; respectively,
P
<0.05 for all). Rivaroxaban strategies were associated with a reduction in clinically significant bleeding compared with VKA regardless of the proportion of time spent with an INR >3 (hazard ratio ranges=0.59–0.67 and 0.42–0.69;
P
<0.05 for all).

Conclusions:

Among atrial fibrillation patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, rivaroxaban-based therapy was superior to warfarin plus dual antiplatelet therapy in lowering bleeding outcomes regardless of the INR stability.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01830543.
Intracardiac Delineation of Septal Conduction in Left Bundle-Branch Block Patterns
Authors: Upadhyay Gaurav A. , Cherian Tharian , Shatz Dalise Y. , Beaser Andrew D. , Aziz Zaid , Ozcan Cevher , Broman Michael T. , Nayak Hemal M. , Tung Roderick
Published: February 2019

Background:

Septal activation in patients with left bundle-branch block (LBBB) patterns has not been described previously. We performed detailed intracardiac mapping of left septal conduction to assess for the presence and level of complete conduction block (CCB) in the His-Purkinje system. Response to His bundle pacing was assessed in patients with and without CCB in the left bundle.

Methods:

Left septal mapping was performed with a linear multielectrode catheter in consecutive patients with LBBB pattern referred for device implantation (n=38) or substrate mapping (n=47). QRS width, His duration, His-ventricular (HV) intervals, and septal conduction patterns were analyzed. The site of CCB was localized to the level of the left-sided His fibers (left intrahisian) or left bundle branch. Patients with ventricular activation preceded by Purkinje potentials were categorized as having intact Purkinje activation.

Results:

A total of 88 left septal conduction recordings were analyzed in 85 patients: 72 LBBB block pattern and 16 controls (narrow QRS, n=11; right bundle-branch block, n=5). Among patients with LBB block pattern, CCB within the proximal left conduction system was observed in 64% (n=46) and intact Purkinje activation in the remaining 36% (n=26). Intact Purkinje activation was observed in all controls. The site of block in patients with CCB was at the level of the left His bundle in 72% and in the proximal left bundle branch in 28%. His bundle pacing corrected wide QRS in 54% of all patients with LBBB pattern and 85% of those with CCB (94% left intrahisian, 62% proximal left bundle-branch). No patients with intact Purkinje activation demonstrated correction of QRS with His bundle pacing. CCB showed better predictive value (positive predictive value 85%, negative predictive value 100%, sensitivity 100%) than surface ECG criteria for correction with His bundle pacing.

Conclusions:

Heterogeneous septal conduction was observed in patients with surface LBBB pattern, ranging from no discrete block to CCB. When block was present, we observed pathology localized within the left-sided His fibers (left intrahisian block), which was most amenable to corrective His bundle pacing by recruitment of latent Purkinje fibers. ECG criteria for LBBB incompletely predicted CCB, and intracardiac data might be useful in refining patient selection for resynchronization therapy.
A new species of Coccomyces on Cunninghamia lanceolata and its phylogenetic placement based on multi-gene analysis
Authors: LV TU , HOU CHENG-LIN
Published: February 2019

Specimens of Coccomyces collected on Cunninghamia lanceolata in Anhui Province, China were identified as a new species and named Coccomyces anhuiensis. This is the third Coccomyces species on needles of conifers. A multi-gene phylogenetic analysis showed that the new species is closely related to Coccomyces dentatus. Specimens studied are deposited in the Herbarium of the College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China (BJTC).
Subseasonal Weather Prediction in a Global Convection-Permitting Model
Authors: Weber Nicholas J. , Mass Clifford F.
Published: February 2019

Although accurate weather and climate prediction beyond one to two weeks is of great value to society, the skill of such extended prediction is limited in current operational global numerical models, whose coarse horizontal grid spacing necessitates the parameterization of atmospheric processes. Of particular concern is the parameterization of convection and specifically convection in the tropics, which impacts global weather at all time scales through atmospheric teleconnections. Convection-permitting models, which forego convective parameterization by explicitly resolving cumulus-scale motions using fine (1–4 km) horizontal grid spacing, can improve global prediction at extended time scales by more faithfully simulating tropical convection and associated teleconnections. This study demonstrates that convection-permitting resolution in a global numerical model can improve both the statistical features of tropical precipitation and extended predictive skill in the tropics and midlatitudes. Comparing four monthlong global simulations with 3-km grid spacing to coarser-resolution simulations that parameterize convection reveals that convection-permitting simulations improve tropical precipitation rates and the diurnal cycle of tropical convection. The propagation of the Madden–Julian oscillation was better predicted in three of the four 3-km simulations; these three runs also featured more skillful prediction of weekly extratropical circulation anomalies, particularly during week 3 of each forecast. These results, though based on a small sample of four cases, demonstrate that convection-permitting global modeling can benefit extended atmospheric prediction and offers the potential for improved operational subseasonal forecast skill.
Novel evaluation method of acoustic emission data based on statistical fiber bundle cells
Authors: Vas László M , Kocsis Zoltán , Czigány Tibor , Tamás Péter , Romhány Gábor
Published: February 2019

In general, the aim of acoustic emission-assisted tensile tests of composite materials is to identify and characterize the damage and failure modes of the specimens. This paper presents a fiber-bundle-cells-based statistical model, which provides a possible solution to the problem of characterizing the mechanical and failure behavior of the material. The model, based on the results of mechanical tests and acoustic emission measurements, decomposes the measured acoustic emission event number and tensile force–load time processes into components corresponding to the different damage modes. The acoustic emission events belonging to different failure modes are described by inhomogeneous Poisson point processes, while failures are modeled with the breakage of fibers as elementary parts of the sample. Hence, damage modes can be characterized with the number fraction, and the tensile strength and signal energy distributions of the components. Moreover, the variation of the number fraction of the intact or damaged fibers as a function of the load time can be calculated and depicted as well. As reliability function or a kind of damage map, it reveals the mechanical load-bearing ability of the material tested. The applicability of the model is demonstrated by compact tension testing and the comparison of short and long glass fiber-reinforced VERTON PP sheets and injection molded wood fiber-reinforced PP composites.
Can Hierarchy Dodge Bullets? Examining Blame Attribution in Military Contracting
Authors: Johnson Austin P. , Geva Nehemia , Meier Kenneth J.
Published: February 2019

The increased outsourcing of national security endeavors to private military companies (PMCs) raises questions concerning public evaluations of their performance and the extent to which government officials are held accountable. We use a survey experiment to test public blame attribution associated with a failed military operation that was conducted by either regular or private military personnel. Our findings suggest that there are multiple mediating pathways in the process of attributing blame in foreign policy. Furthermore, our findings suggest that contracting out military functions to a PMC can damage perceptions of performance, perhaps increasing blame attribution by the public. These impacts on the attribution of blame suggest that PMCs are viewed as inferior service providers by the mass public and politicians will be held accountable, directly or indirectly. Implications from our study add to the discussion on the outsourcing of military capacities which are rapidly expanding in the Western world.
A study of optimization parameters for the development of ultraviolet cured low-acid optically clear adhesive
Authors: Kuo Chung-Feng Jeffrey , Yen Hui-Ting , Lan Wei-Lun , Dewangga Garuda Raka Satria , Chen Jiong-Bo , Chang Shu-Hao
Published: February 2019

This study introduced multi-quality optimization using the Taguchi method combined with response surface methodology (RSM) and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method for synthesizing pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) of ultraviolet curing optically clear adhesives (OCAs). The process parameters used in this study included 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA) monomer content, the photoinitiator content and the oligomer content using N,N-dimethylacrylamide and acrylic acid. The quality responses included the peel strength, the transmittance, the haze and the refractive index. The Taguchi method was adopted because it could reduce the number of experiments and cost, as well as effectively arriving at a single optimum parameter. The results from the Taguchi method were combined with RSM and PSO to obtain a single composition that has the optimum response for all qualities. The results of the confirmation experiment showed that the optimum parameters were 80 wt% of 2-EHA content, 4.32 wt% of photoinitiator content and 45 wt% of oligomer content, which could obtain the peel strength at 720.3 g/25.4 mm, transmittance up to 97.94%, haze of only 1.93% and refractive index at 1.48. All of qualities meet the industrial requirement of OCA PSAs.
A Paradox in Polarization? Cross‐pressured Representatives and the Missing Incentive to Moderate
Authors: Toll Benjamin T.
Published: February 2019

Members of the public are often left choosing between two extreme candidates who will not represent the moderate, aggregate, public effectively. Cross‐pressured members of the U.S. Congress serve a constituency that votes for the opposite party at the national level. If there is any group of representatives that have an incentive to moderate their voting behavior, it is cross‐pressured members. In this article, I show that cross‐pressured members are more moderate than the average member of their party. This could provide constraints on rampant partisanship in the form of districts that are comfortable electing a representative of one party and voting for the president of the other. However, I show that these members are significantly less likely to be reelected. Thus a paradox exists in which cross‐pressured members who moderate their voting behavior are no more likely to be rewarded for behaving the way citizens claim they want to represent.
Book review: Rajan Gurukkal, Rethinking Classical Indo-Roman Trade: Political Economy of Eastern Mediterranean Exchange Relations
Authors: Romanis Federico De
Published: February 2019

Rajan Gurukkal, Rethinking Classical Indo-Roman Trade: Political Economy of Eastern Mediterranean Exchange Relations, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2016, 330 pp., ₹950.
Book review: Manu S. Pillai, Rebel Sultans
Authors: High Zoë W.
Published: February 2019

Manu S. Pillai, Rebel Sultans, Juggernaut, New Delhi, 2018, 336 pp., ₹599.
Uncovering the nature of the relationship between outsourcing motivations and the degree of outsourcing: An empirical study on Finnish small and medium-sized enterprises
Authors: Asatiani Aleksandre , Penttinen Esko , Kumar Ashish
Published: February 2019

Prior literature has identified several outsourcing motivations, such as cost reduction and access to expertise, and deciphered the influence of these variables on outsourcing decisions. In another stream of outsourcing studies, researchers have gauged the degree of outsourcing, unearthing how companies may choose to outsource a set or processes instead of the whole business function. In this article, we draw on both of these streams of outsourcing research to study the relationship between outsourcing motivations and the degree of outsourcing within a particular business function. We probe the effect of nine motivation items on outsourcing decision through an empirical study using survey data gathered from 337 small and medium-sized enterprises. We find that cost reduction, a focus on core competence and business/process improvements are all associated with a higher degree of outsourcing, but interestingly, access to expertise is negatively associated with the degree of outsourcing. This finding suggests that companies that outsource mainly to acquire external expertise outsource only a limited number of processes within a specific business function. Our main theoretical contribution lies in uncovering the dynamic nature of outsourcing motivations, meaning that as companies outsource a larger degree of their business processes, some motivation items become more accentuated and others fade in importance.
Using ranked set sampling with extreme ranks in estimating the population proportion
Authors: Zamanzade Ehsan , Mahdizadeh M
Published: February 2019

This article studies the properties of the maximum likelihood estimator of the population proportion in ranked set sampling with extreme ranks. The maximum likelihood estimator is described and its asymptotic distribution is derived. Finite sample size properties of the estimator are investigated using simulation studies. It turns out that the proposed estimator is substantially more efficient than its simple random sampling and ranked set sampling analogs, as the true population proportion tends to zero/unity. The method is illustrated using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
University–Industry Linkages in Promoting Technology Transfer: A Study of Vietnamese Technical and Engineering Universities
Authors: Hoc Le Hieu , Trong Nguyen Duc
Published: February 2019

Both university and industry are key actors of the national innovation system (NIS) of any country (OECD (1997) National Innovation Systems, OECD Publishing, Paris). Not only does the university or industry contribute to the knowledge production and transformation in the NIS as an individual actor but also the collaboration between these two institutions is increasingly a critical component of the NIS. This is truly illustrated either in developed countries or in developing ones. This article first reviews the current status of NIS in Vietnam to see the contribution of Vietnamese universities in knowledge transfer. Second, it describes the collaboration between university and industry in Vietnam by presenting the findings of a survey of 570 respondents, who are teaching at five Vietnamese technical and engineering universities to better understand the different types of university-industry (U–I) collaboration and motivations of and barriers to the university and industry linkage in Vietnam. Based on such findings, some recommendations to promote the university and industry linkage in research and technology transfer are proposed for the university, the industry and the government so that the Vietnam’s NIS will have more impact on economic development.
Review of Procedures for Reconstruction of Soft Tissue Chest Wall Defects Following Advanced Breast Malignancies
Authors: Billington Alicia , Dayicioglu Deniz , Smith Paul , Kiluk John
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this article is to review closure options for complex chest wounds in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Experiences of the plastic and oncologic surgery teams at Moffitt Cancer Center were reviewed, and the literature researched for various surgical options of complex chest wound closure. Multiple treatment modalities exist for reconstruction of complex chest wall wounds with the external oblique and V-Y latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous advancement flaps serving as workhorses in reconstruction. Treatment of cancer has moved from simply a surgical solution to include other modalities such as hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, and radiation—the latter 2 having serious consequences for wound healing. A team approach and knowledge of available flap options are vital for closure of complex wounds in a timely manner. Appropriate planning can optimize the primary goal of the oncologic surgeon to remove the cancer and the plastic surgeon’s objective to reconstruct the defect and achieve a closed, durable wound prior to chemotherapy and radiation. We present the experience at the Moffitt Cancer Center in reconstructing challenging chest defects and review the reconstructive ladder.
A novel ultrasound-guided approach to the axillary vein: Oblique-axis view combined with in-plane puncture
Authors: Brescia Fabrizio , Biasucci Daniele G , Fabiani Fabio , Favarato Michela , Costa Fabio , Longo Ferdinando , Martuscelli Matteo , Vitiello Michelangelo , Pittiruti Mauro
Published: February 2019

Introduction:

Ultrasound-guided cannulation of the axillary vein in the infraclavicular area has several potential advantages for both short-term and long-term venous access devices. Currently, there are two techniques to approach axillary vein for ultrasound-guided cannulation: out-of-plane puncture in the short-axis view and the in-plane puncture in the long-axis view. We propose a novel ultrasound-guided puncture technique of axillary vein for centrally inserted central catheter placement, which consists in the oblique-axis view of the axillary vein coupled with the in-plane puncture. The main objectives of this study were feasibility and safety of this approach. The primary endpoints were the success rate and early complications; the secondary endpoints were late complications.

Methods:

We analyzed data from a retrospective cohort of 80 ultrasound-guided cannulation of axillary vein performed with the oblique axis-in-plane technique in 80 cancer patients requiring a totally implantable central venous access, at CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, during the period from January 2016 up to October 2017. We focused on the percentage of successful venous cannulation at the first attempt and on the cumulative incidence of early and late complications.

Results:

Axillary vein cannulation was successful at the first attempt in 77 out of 80 patients (96%). We had no significant complications during placement or in the first 48 h. The total number of catheter days was 27,432. The cumulative incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infection was of 0.036 per 1000 catheter days (only one case). We had no infection of the pocket of the reservoir, no symptomatic venous thrombosis, and no catheter migration.

Conclusion:

Our data show that the oblique axis-in-plane technique of the ultrasound approach to the axillary vein is feasible and safe.
Stability of early treatment of anterior open bite: clinical performance of bonded lingual spurs
Authors: Dias Flaviana Alves , Assis Urnau Flávia Diane , Pedron Oltramari Paula Vanessa , Lupion Poleti Marcelo , Rodrigues de Almeida Marcio , Freire Fernandes Thais Maria
Published: February 2019

Anterior open bite (AOB) is a malocclusion that generates aesthetic, speech, feeding and psychological issues, a fact that emphasises the importance of conducting early treatments to fix the disorder. Finger-sucking, pacifiers and oral habits are the main aetiological factors of AOB; thus, it is necessary to apply interceptive treatments focused on correcting and improving bite stability during childhood in order prevent the need of undergoing advanced therapy. The aim of this article is to present the early diagnosis of aetiological factors causing severe AOB and the interceptive treatment based on the use of bonded lingual spurs for one year. Results showed excellent bite stability after two years of follow-up; in other words, the proper treatment applied for the recommended growth and developmental periods enabled case stability.
The influence of formation temperatures on the crystal structure and mechanical properties of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene/high-density polyethylene-blend fibers prepared by melt spinning
Authors: Wang Fei , Liu Lichao , Xue Ping , Jia Mingyin , Wang Suwei , Cai Jianchen
Published: February 2019

The influence of spinning temperature on ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene/high-density polyethylene as-spun blend filaments and the influence of drawing temperature on ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene/high-density polyethylene-blend fibers were investigated. The results showed that the optimum spinning and hot-drawing temperatures were 310℃ and 85℃, respectively, and blending with high-density polyethylene improved the orienting ability of the molecular chains and the crystallization ability. The blend filaments spun at 310℃ had the best molecular chain orientation, crystallinity and crystal orientation of the filaments examined; both lower and higher spinning temperatures were detrimental to the crystal structure growth of the as-spun blend filaments. The optimum drawing temperature of the blend fibers was 85℃, which resulted in blend fibers with the best molecular chain orientation, crystallization, and crystal orientation as well as the thinnest grains of the fibers examined. The highest tensile strength and initial modulus were 1204 MPa and 20.4 GPa, respectively; these high values can be attributed to the fibrillar structure, which consisted of extended molecular chains and thin grains. The results in this paper can help disclose the effect mechanism of formation temperature on the melt spinning method used to produce high-strength ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene fibers.
Constant Observation Practices for Hospitalized Persons With Dementia: A Survey Study
Authors: Sinvani Liron , Strunk Andrew , Patel Vidhi , Shah Shalin , Mulvany Colm , Kozikowski Andrzej , Boltz Marie , Pekmezaris Renee , Wolf-Klein Gisele
Published: February 2019

Despite substantial staffing and cost implications, the use of constant observation (CO) has been poorly described in the acute care setting. The purpose of this cross-sectional, multicenter, survey study was to assess hospital provider practices regarding the use of CO. Of the 543 surveys distributed, 231 were completed across 5 sites. Most respondents worked on medical units (67.5%), as nurses (49.1%); 44.8% were white; and 75.6% were female. The majority (84.2%) reported at least 1 patient/wk requiring CO. Most frequent indication for CO was dementia with agitation (60.7%), in patients older than 70 (62.3%) and predominantly by nurse assistants (93.9%). Almost half (47.3%) stated they felt pressured to discontinue CO, despite a strong perceived benefit (76%). Enhanced observation (92.6%) was most frequently used to decrease CO. Finally, 77.9% perceived that those performing CO lacked training. Our study highlights the widespread use of CO for hospitalized older adults with dementia.
Buddy taping versus splint immobilization for paediatric finger fractures: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Weber Daniel M. , Seiler Michelle , Subotic Ulrike , Kalisch Markus , Weil Robert
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this single-centre randomized controlled trial was to assess the non-inferiority of buddy taping versus splint immobilization of extra-articular paediatric finger fractures. Secondary fracture displacement was the primary outcome; patient comfort, cost and range of finger motion were secondary outcomes. Ninety-nine children were randomly assigned to taping or splinting. Sixty-nine fractures were undisplaced; 31 were displaced and required reduction before taping or splinting. Secondary displacement occurred in one patient in the taping and three in the splinting group. The risk difference was below the predefined non-inferiority level of 5%. All secondary displacements occurred in the 31 displaced fractures after reduction and were in little fingers. Patient comfort was significantly higher and cost lower in the taping group. We conclude from this study the non-inferiority of buddy taping versus splint immobilization of extra-articular paediatric finger fractures in general. We advise treatment may need to be individualized for patients with displaced fractures because we cannot make any absolute conclusions for these fractures.

Level of evidence: I