bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fault permeability from stochastic modeling of clay smears
Authors: Saló-Salgado Lluís , Davis Steven , Juanes Ruben
Published: December 2022

In normally consolidated, shallow (depth <~3 km) siliciclastic sequences, faults develop clay smears. Existing models include the dependence of permeability on the clay fraction, but improved predictions of fault permeability should account for uncertainty and anisotropy. We introduce PREDICT, a methodology that computes probability distributions for the directional components (dip-normal, strike-parallel, and dip-parallel) of the fault permeability tensor from statistical samples for a set of geological variables. These variables, which include geometrical, compositional, and mechanical properties, allow multiple discretizations of the fault core to be populated with sand and clay smears, which can be used to upscale the permeability to a coarser scale (e.g., suitable for reservoir modeling). We validated our implementation with experimental data and applied PREDICT to several stratigraphic sequences. We show that fault permeability is controlled by the clay smear configuration and, crucially, that it typically exhibits multimodal probability distributions due to the existence of holes. The latter is a unique feature of our algorithm, which can be used to build fault permeability scenarios to manage and mitigate risk in subsurface applications.
Supplemental Material: Ages of the granitic basement of Long Valley Caldera, California, USA, and siting of the Quaternary granite-rhyolite pluton
Authors: Hildreth Wes , et al.
Published: December 2022

Table S1: SHRIMP-RG Ion Microprobe Data: Individual 206Pb/238U Zircon Dates. Table S2: Chemical data for plutonic rocks near Long Valley. Figure S1: Compositions of 114 samples of Mesozoic plutonic rocks around Long Valley Caldera, almost exclusively the units distinguished by labels in Figure 4. Figure S2: Plot of K2O vs. SiO2 for all of our samples in Table S2.
Supplemental Material: Bifurcation of mantle plumes by interaction with stagnant slabs in the mantle transition zone: Evidence from late Cenozoic basalts within Southeast Asia
Authors: Yang Fan , Huang Xiao-Long , et al.
Published: December 2022

Supplemental Tables S1–S4, showing the measured and collected olivine compositions of the late Cenozoic basalts within the Southeast Asia, the collected whole-rock Nd-Hf-Pb isotope compositions of the late Cenozoic basalts within Southeast Asia, the composition of the olivine standard, and the composition and calculated temperature for the olivine-spinel pairs from the U1433B MORBs.
Supplemental Material: Episodic magmatism in the Lianhuashan tectonic belt: Implications for late Mesozoic crustal reworking in SE South China
Authors: Xin Yujia , LI JIANHUA , et al.
Published: December 2022

Text: Analytical Methods. Table S1: LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb isotopic data of zircons from granitoids and volcanic rocks in the Lianhuashan tectonic belt. Table S2: In-situ Lu-Hf isotopic data of zircons from granitoids and volcanic rocks in the Lianhuashan tectonic belt. Table S3: Whole-rock elemental contents and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of granitoids and volcanic rocks in the Lianhuashan tectonic belt. Table S4: Summary of Jurassic to Cretaceous magmatic rocks in main structural belts of South China. Figure S1: Plots of (A) Zr+Nb+Ce+Y versus FeOt/MgO and (B) Zr+Nb+Ce+Y versus (K2O+Na2O)/CaO (modified after Whalen et al., 1987) of the Early Cretaceous magmatic rocks in the Lianhuashan tectonic belt.
Supplemental Material: Continental crust delamination in a retreating subduction zone: A case study in the southern Alxa (Inner Mongolia, China), Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: Zheng Rongguo , et al.
Published: December 2022

Table S1: Zircon U-Pb analytical data of Shouji plutons in the southern Alxa. Table S2: Zircon Hf isotopic compositions of Shouji plutons in the southern Alxa. Table S3: Major and trace elements compositions of Shouji plutons in the southern Alxa. Table S4: Whole rock Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic compositions of Shouji plutons in the southern Alxa. Supplemental Text: Analysis methods.
Supplemental Material: Late Miocene or older canyon incision in the northern U.S. Cordillera shown by erosion rates, incision models, and basalt flow ages
Authors: Mitchell Nate , al. et
Published: December 2022

Text: Probability Distributions for Relict and Adjusted Erosion Rates. Figures S1–S30. Tables S1–S2.
Fifteen-minute consultation: What paediatricians need to know about vaping
Authors: Fenech Amanda , Baatjes Nikki , Gunasuntharam Kavitha
Published: December 2022

The prevalence of vaping among children and young people (CYP) is on the rise. This is perhaps a result of perceiving vaping as ‘harmless’, especially after an extensive public acceptance through the UK Government’s promotion of vaping in smoking cessation as well as lax regulations on advertisements. More awareness and research of the effects of vaping is necessary and a call for immediate public health strategies to be implemented in the UK. This article highlights essential facts about vaping, signs of addiction and cessation support for CYP as part of health promotion.
Patient-specific tracheal stoma plug improves quality of life for tracheostomy patients
Authors: VanKoevering Kyle K , Brennen Julia , Fenberg Rachel , Dolphin Sam , von Windheim Natalia , Matrka Laura , de Silva Brad , Spector Matthew E , Chinn Steven B , Choi Philip , Zhao Songzhu , Casper Keith A , Green Glenn E
Published: December 2022

Objective

Despite being life-saving, tracheostomies carry numerous social, functional and quality of life (QOL) drawbacks. The aim of this study was to design and test the use of small, discrete, customised tracheostomy stoma plugs in patients who are not tracheostomy-dependent during the day, with the overall goals to demonstrate the feasibility of creating these patient-specific devices and obtain preliminary results of impact on QOL.

Methods

We developed and evaluated a novel patient-specific ‘stoma plug’ to improve the lives of those with tracheostomies who did not have a daytime ventilation requirement. The stoma plug was designed and manufactured using three-dimensional printing for each subject. Measurements of the patient’s fistula were obtained in the clinic and the features of the stoma plug were created to match the fistula and trach tube dimensions. Patients were monitored for any changes in their eligibility status and for complications associated with using the ‘stoma plug’. A survey questionnaire examining multiple QOL domains was performed predevice and at 1 and 6 months of use.

Results

Devices were designed and produced for 35 patients enrolled across two institutions. The survey results demonstrate statistically significant improvement in quality-of-life scores (p<0.05) in all six domains queried (Overall QOL, voice strength, voice clarity, water tolerance, swallowing and breathing) with substantial improvements in social isolation and skin irritation reported.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that a patient specific device can be created to ameliorate many of the drawbacks associated with a tracheostomy tube, with the potential to revolutionise tracheostomy care.
Finding the ‘sweet spot’ between customisation and workflows when optimising ePrescribing systems: a multisite qualitative study
Authors: Heeney Catherine , Malden Stephen , Sheikh Aziz
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The introduction of ePrescribing systems offers the potential to improve the safety, quality and efficiency of prescribing, medication management decisions and patient care. However, an ePrescribing system will require some customisation and configuration to capture a range of workflows in particular hospital settings. This can be part of an optimisation strategy, which aims at avoiding workarounds that lessen anticipated safety and efficiency benefits. This paper aims to identify ePrescribing optimisation strategies that can be translated into hospitals in different national settings. We will explore the views of professionals on the impact of configuration and customisation on workflow.

Design

This paper draws on 54 qualitative interviews with clinicians, pharmacists and informatics professionals with experience of optimising ePrescribing systems in eight hospital sites and one health system, in four different countries. Interview transcripts were analysed using an inductive thematic analysis.

Setting

Secondary and tertiary care hospitals in the UK, USA and mainland Europe.

Participants

Fifty-four healthcare workers with expertise in clinical informatics.

Results

Five identified themes following thematic analysis showed that optimisation of ePrescribing systems can involve configuration and/or customisation. This can be a strategy to combat workarounds and to respond to local policy, safety protocols and workflows for particular patient populations. However, it can result in sites taking on responsibility for training and missing out on vendor updates. Working closely with vendors and other users can mitigate the need for extensive system modification and produce better outcomes.

Conclusions

Modifying an ePrescribing system remains key to enhancing patient safety, and better captured workflow remains key to optimisation. However, we found evidence of an increasingly cautious approach to both customisation and configuration among system users. This has led to users seeking to make less changes to the system.
Associations between inflexible job conditions, health and healthcare utilisation in England: retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Moss Charlie , Munford Luke Aaron , Sutton Matt
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To estimate the strength of association between having an inflexible job and health-related quality of life and healthcare utilisation; and to explore heterogeneity in the effects by gender, age and area-level deprivation.

Design

Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Setting

Seven waves of the English General Practice Patient Survey between 2012 and 2017.

Participants

1 232 884 people aged 16–64 years and in full-time employment. We measured job inflexibility by inability to take time away from work during usual working hours to seek medical care.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L); number of months since the respondent last saw a general practitioner (GP) or nurse; use of out-of-hours general practice in the past 6 months. We used regression analyses to estimate the strength of association between outcomes and having an inflexible job, adjusting for person and area-level characteristics.

Results

One-third of respondents reported job inflexibility. The probability of job inflexibility was higher at younger ages and in more deprived areas. Job inflexibility was associated with lower EQ-5D-5L utility scores of 0.017 (95% CI 0.016 to 0.018) for women and 0.016 (95% CI 0.015 to 0.017) for men. Women were more affected than men in the mental health domain. The reduction in health-related quality of life associated with having an inflexible job was greater for employees who were older or lived in more deprived areas. Having an inflexible job was associated with a longer time since the last visit to their GP of 0.234 (95% CI 0.201 to 0.268) months for women and 0.199 (95% CI 0.152 to 0.183) months for men.

Conclusions

Inequalities in the prevalence of inflexible jobs contribute to inequalities in health. One mechanism may be through reduced access to healthcare. Policymakers and employers should ensure that all employees have sufficient job flexibility to protect their health.
Factors influencing injury or death due to traumatic events in Afghanistan’s crisis-affected populations: a cross-sectional nationwide study
Authors: Noh Jin-Won , Lee Lena J , Kim Kyoung-Beom , Cha Jiho , Kwon Young Dae
Published: December 2022

Objective

Afghanistan, with one of the world’s largest refugee populations, suffers an enormous burden of injury resulting in loss of life. This study aims to identify the epidemiology of injuries or death in the crisis-affected populations across Afghanistan and to investigate factors associated with injuries or deaths due to traumatic events.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

This study analysed Whole Afghanistan Assessment 2019 data. This survey geographically covered all 34 accessible provinces in Afghanistan.

Participants

31 343 displaced and shock-affected households in Afghanistan.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Injury or death of household members due to traumatic events.

Results

2561 (8.2%) reported at least one household member had been injured or deceased because of a significant conflict or natural disaster in the past year. Households experienced significant events such as active conflict or violence (prevalence ratio, PR=5.575, p<0.001), earthquake (PR=3.118, p=0.004), flood (PR=1.534, p=0.008) and avalanche or heavy snowfall (PR=3.450, p<0.001) were significantly associated with injury or death. The likelihood of injury or death was significantly higher for long-distance households than for households living within a 5 km radius of the nearest healthcare facilities (6–10 km: PR=1.402, p=0.030; >10 km: PR=1.560, p=0.020).

Conclusion

The study provides an epidemiological profile of injuries or death in crisis-affected populations across Afghanistan. Results also suggest that certain factors place the crisis-affected populations in Afghanistan at high risk for injuries or death, which can inform the development of surveillance and prevention programmes, the monitoring of patterns over time and the formulation of healthcare policies.
Agreement between an expert-rated mini job exposure matrix of occupational biomechanical exposures to the lower body and technical measurements or observation: a method comparison study
Authors: Korshøj Mette , Svendsen Susanne Wulff , Hendriksen Peter Fjeldstad , Gupta Nidhi , Holtermann Andreas , Andersen Johan Hviid , Dalbøge Annett , Frost Poul
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Investigating the agreement between an expert-rated mini job exposure matrix (JEM) of lower body exposures and technical measurements of worktime spent standing/walking and observation-based estimates of time spent kneeling/squatting and total load lifted per workday.

Methods

We chose 16 job titles from the 121 job groups in the lower body JEM and included them in the mini JEM. New expert ratings for the mini JEM were performed by the same five occupational physicians who performed the ratings for the lower body JEM. For each job title and type of exposure, the exposure estimates were a mean of the five independent ratings. Technical measurements of standing/walking for all 16 job titles, and for 8 job titles workplace observations were performed of kneeling/squatting and total load lifted per workday. Data were collected from September to December 2015 and supplemented by data from the NOMAD and DPhacto studies collected between 2011 and 2013. All data were collected in Denmark. Agreement between expert-based and measured/observed lower body exposures by job titles was evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation, Bland-Altman plots evaluated systematic deviations and limits of agreement (LoA).

Results

Standing/walking showed a rank correlation of 0.55, kneeling/squatting 0.83 and total load lifted per workday 0.71. The mini JEM estimates did not systematically deviate from the technical measurements/observations for time spent standing/walking (mean difference 0.20 hours/workday, LoA −1.63, 2.03 hours/workday) and kneeling/squatting (mean difference −0.35 hours/workday, LoA −1.21, 0.51 hours/workday). For total load lifted per workday, the mini JEM systematically overestimated the exposures compared with the observations (mean difference −909 kg/workday, LoA −3000, 1147 kg/workday).

Conclusions

There was moderate to very high agreement between an expert-rated mini JEM of standing/walking, kneeling/squatting, and lifting exposures and corresponding technical measurements/observations. This method comparison study supports the use of the expert-based lower body JEM in large-scale occupational epidemiological studies.
Empirical rescue treatment ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection in third and subsequent lines: 8-year experience in 2144 patients from the European Registry onH. pylorimanagement (Hp-EuReg)
Authors: Burgos-Santamaría Diego , Nyssen Olga P , Gasbarrini Antonio , Vaira Dino , Pérez-Aisa Ángeles , Rodrigo Luís , Pellicano Rinaldo , Keco-Huerga Alma , Pabón-Carrasco Manuel , Castro-Fernandez Manuel , Boltin Doron , Barrio Jesus , Phull Perminder , Kupcinskas Juozas , Jonaitis Laimas , Ortiz-Polo Inmaculada , Tepes Bojan , Lucendo Alfredo J , Huguet José María , Areia Miguel , Jurecic Natasa Brglez , Denkovski Maja , Bujanda Luís , Ramos-San Román June , Cuadrado-Lavín Antonio , Gomez-Camarero Judith , Jiménez Moreno Manuel Alfonso , Lanas Angel , Martinez-Dominguez Samuel Jesús , Alfaro Enrique , Marcos-Pinto Ricardo , Milivojevic Vladimir , Rokkas Theodore , Leja Marcis , Smith Sinead , Tonkić Ante , Buzás György Miklós , Doulberis Michael , Venerito Marino , Lerang Frode , Bordin Dmitry S , Lamy Vincent , Capelle Lisette G , Marlicz Wojciech , Dobru Daniela , Gridnyev Oleksiy , Puig Ignasi , Mégraud Francis , O'Morain Colm , Gisbert Javier P
Published: December 2022

Objective

To evaluate the use, effectiveness and safety ofHelicobacter pyloriempirical rescue therapy in third and subsequent treatment lines in Europe.

Design

International, prospective, non-interventional registry of the clinical practice of European gastroenterologists. Data were collected and quality reviewed until October 2021 at Asociación Española de Gastroenterología-Research Electronic Data Capture. All cases with three or more empirical eradication attempts were assessed for effectiveness by modified intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis.

Results

Overall, 2144 treatments were included: 1519, 439, 145 and 41 cases from third, fourth, fifth and sixth treatment lines, respectively. Sixty different therapies were used; the 15 most frequently prescribed encompassed >90% of cases. Overall effectiveness remained <90% in all therapies. Optimised treatments achieved a higher eradication rate than non-optimised (78% vs 67%, p<0.0001). From 2017 to 2021, only 44% of treatments other than 10-day single-capsule therapy used high proton-pump inhibitor doses and lasted ≥14 days. Quadruple therapy containing metronidazole, tetracycline and bismuth achieved optimal eradication rates only when prescribed as third-line treatment, either as 10-day single-capsule therapy (87%) or as 14-day traditional therapy with tetracycline hydrochloride (95%). Triple amoxicillin-levofloxacin therapy achieved 90% effectiveness in Eastern Europe only or when optimised. The overall incidence of adverse events was 31%.

Conclusion

Empirical rescue treatment in third and subsequent lines achieved suboptimal effectiveness in most European regions. Only quadruple bismuth-metronidazole-tetracycline (10-day single-capsule or 14-day traditional scheme) and triple amoxicillin-levofloxacin therapies reached acceptable outcomes in some settings. Compliance with empirical therapy optimisation principles is still poor 5 years after clinical practice guidelines update.

Trial registration number

NCT02328131.
Changes in aortic valve replacement procedures in Denmark from 2008 to 2020
Authors: Graversen Peter Laursen , Butt Jawad Haider , Østergaard Lauge , Jensen Andreas Dalsgaard , Warming Peder Emil , Strange Jarl Emanuel , Møller Christian H , Schou Morten , De Backer Ole , Køber Lars , Fosbøl Emil Loldrup
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Since 2007, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as another treatment strategy for severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) compared with surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). The objectives were to compare annual rates of aortic valve replacement (AVR) procedures performed in Denmark in the era of TAVI and to assess proportion of AVRs stratified by age with use of age recommendations presented in current guidelines.

Methods

Using Danish nationwide registries, we identified first-time AVRs between 2008 and 2020. Patients who were not diagnosed with AS prior to AVR were excluded

Results

The rate of AVRs increased by 39% per million inhabitants from 2008 to 2020. TAVI has steadily increased since 2008, accounting for 64.2% of all AVRs and 72.5% of isolated AVRs by 2020. Number of isolated SAVRs decreased from 2014 and onwards. The proportion of TAVI increased significantly across age groups (<75 and ≥75 years of age, ptrend<0.001), and TAVI accounted for 91.5% of isolated AVR procedures in elderly patients (aged ≥75 years). Length of hospital stay were significantly reduced for all AVRs during the study period (ptrendall<0.001).

Conclusions

The number of AVRs increased from 2008 to 2020 due to adaptation of TAVI, which represented 2/3 of AVRs and more than 70% of isolated AVRs. In elderly patients, the increased use of AVR procedures was driven by TAVI, in agreement with the age recommendations in current guidelines; however, TAVI was used more frequently in patients aged <75 years, accompanied by a flattening use of SAVR.
Study of dog control strategies
Authors: Duncan-Sutherland Natasha , Hunt Mareta , Alatini Moses , Shepherd Michael , Kool Bridget
Published: December 2022

Objectives

(1) To explore the relationship between regionally implemented dog control strategies and dog bite injuries (DBIs) and (2) to evaluate current implementation of dog control strategies.

Methods

Observational study using a nationwide online survey of territorial authorities (TAs). Domains of interest included complaints for attacks on people, dog population, primary and secondary prevention strategies, resourcing and perspectives of current strategies. Quantitative variables were compared with DBI Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) claims by region from 2014 to 2018.

Results

Two-thirds of TAs (70%; n=47/67) responded to the survey. No clear relationship was observed between DBIs and: registered dog population, proportion sterilisations or microchipping, classifications due to dog behaviour, or existing limited resourcing. Legislated breeds and infringements for failure to control a dog or non-registration were higher in areas with greater DBIs. Educational messages varied widely and were predominantly victim directed (67%; n=71/106). Complaints for dog attacks on people were lower than DBIs in most areas, with no formal cross-agency notification policies. Few prosecutions or dog destruction orders were made.

Conclusions

Regional inequity in DBIs could not be explained by differences in the registered dog population or dog control strategies. Minimal and inequitable resourcing exists to implement current dog control strategies and provide owner-directed education. Gaps in legislation include environmental barrier requirements for all dogs (leash/muzzle use, adequate fencing), notification of incidents and child protection. Partnership with the Indigenous community (Māori) and other community groups will be required to implement these measures successfully.
Association between traumatic brain injury and suicidality using a mediation approach and MarketScan
Authors: Miller Gabrielle F. , Zhou Hong , Peterson Alexis B. , Swedo Elizabeth , Holland Kristin , Kresnow Marcie-jo
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Negative outcomes, including suicidal ideation/attempts, are a major public health concern, particularly among individuals who sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI is associated with high rates of postinjury substance use, psychiatric disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and sleep disturbances. This study examines the mediation effects of substance use, psychiatric disorder and sleep disorder on the associations between TBI and suicidal ideation/attempts.

Methods

A matched case–control study using data from MarketScan databases for private health insurance and Medicaid from October 2015 to December 2018 estimated the association between TBI and suicidal ideation/attempts using a mediation approach. Individuals less than 65 years of age were included.

Results

In the Medicaid sample, psychiatric disorders mediated 22.4% of the total effect between TBI and suicidal ideation/attempt, while substance use disorders other than opioid use disorder mediated 7.47%. In the private health insurance sample, psychiatric disorders mediated 3.97% of the total effect, opioid use disorders mediated 2.08% of the total effect and sleep disorder mediated 1.25% of the total effect.

Conclusions

Mediators explained less than 30% of the relationship between TBI and suicidal ideation/attempt. Findings reinforce the importance of primary prevention of TBI and monitoring patients with a TBI for risk of suicide in the first 6–12 months following injury.
Addressing discrepancies in estimates of road traffic deaths and injuries in Ethiopia
Authors: Neki Kazuyuki , Gutierrez Hialy , Mitra Sudeshna , Temesgen Awoke M , Mbugua Leah Watetu , Balasubramaniyan Ramshankar , Winer Mercer , Roberts Jaeda , Vos Theo , Hamilton Erin , Naghavi Mohsen , Harrison James E , Job Soames , Bhalla Kavi
Published: December 2022

Background

There are large discrepancies between official statistics of traffic injuries in African countries and estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study and WHO’s Global Status Reports on Road Safety (GSRRS). We sought to assess the magnitude of the discrepancy in Ethiopia, its implications and how it can be addressed.

Methods

We systematically searched for nationally representative epidemiological data sources for road traffic injuries and vehicle ownership in Ethiopia and compared estimates with those from GBD and GSRRS.

Findings

GBD and GSRRS estimates vary substantially across revisions and across projects. GSRRS-2018 estimates of deaths (27 326 in 2016) are more than three times GBD-2019 estimates (8718), and these estimates have non-overlapping uncertainty ranges. GSRRS estimates align well with the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS-2016; 27 838 deaths, 95th CI: 15 938 to 39 738). Official statistics are much lower (5118 deaths in 2018) than all estimates. GBD-2019 estimates of serious non-fatal injuries are consistent with DHS-2016 estimates (106 050 injuries, 95th CI: 81 728 to 130 372) and older estimates from the 2003 World Health Survey. Data from five surveys confirm that vehicle ownership levels in Ethiopia are much lower than in other countries in the region.

Interpretation

Inclusion of data from national health surveys in GBD and GSRRS can help reduce discrepancies in estimates of deaths and support their use in highlighting under-reporting in official statistics and advocating for better prioritisation of road safety in the national policy agenda. GBD methods for estimating serious non-fatal injuries should be strengthened to allow monitoring progress towards Sustainable Development Goal target 3.6.
Costs attributable to criminal justice involvement in injuries: a systematic review
Authors: Miller Gabrielle F. , Barnett Sarah Beth , Wulz Avital Rachelle , Luo Feijun , Florence Curtis
Published: December 2022

Context

Costs related to criminal justice are an important component of the economic burden of injuries; such costs could include police involvement, judicial and corrections costs, among others. If the literature has sufficient information on the criminal justice costs related to injury, it could be added to existing estimates of the economic burden of injury.

Objective

To examine research on injury-related criminal justice costs, and what extent cost information is available by type of injury.

Data sources

Medline, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts ProQuest, EconLit and National Criminal Justice Reference Service were searched from 1998 to 2021.

Data extraction

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses was followed for data reporting.

Results

Overall, 29 studies reported criminal justice costs and the costs of crime vary considerably.

Conclusions

This study illustrates possible touchpoints for cost inputs and outputs in the criminal justice pathway, providing a useful conceptualisation for better estimating criminal justice costs of injury in the future. However, better understanding of all criminal justice costs for injury-related crimes may provide justification for prevention efforts and potentially for groups who are disproportionately affected. Future research may focus on criminal justice cost estimates from injuries by demographics to better understand the impact these costs have on particular populations.
Technical and clinical outcomes in concurrent multivessel occlusions treated with mechanical thrombectomy: insights from the STAR collaboration
Authors: Saad Hassan , Eshraghi Sheila , Alawieh Ali M , Akbik Feras , Cawley C Michael , Howard Brian M , Ash Makenna , Hsu Alice , Pabaney Aqueel , Maier Ilko , Al Kasab Sami , El Naamani Kareem , Jabbour Pascal , Kim Joon-tae , Wolfe Stacey Q , Rai Ansaar , Starke Robert M , Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Shaban Amir , Arthur Adam S , Yoshimura Shinichi , Fragata Isabel , Cuellar-Saenz Hugo H , Polifka Adam J , Mascitelli Justin , Osbun Joshua W , Matouk Charles , Park Min S , Levitt Michael R , Dumont Travis M , Williamson Richard , Spiotta Alejandro M , Grossberg Jonathan A
Published: December 2022

Background

Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has become the mainstay treatment for large vessel occlusion, with favorable safety and efficacy profile. However, the safety and efficacy of EVT in concurrent multi-territory occlusions (MTVOs) remains unclear.

Objective

To investigate the prevalence, clinical and technical outcomes of concurrent EVT for MTVOs.

Methods

Data were included from the Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry (STAR) with 32 stroke centers for EVT performed to treat bilateral anterior or concurrent anterior and posterior circulation occlusions between 2017 and 2021. Patients with MTVO were identified, and propensity score matching was used to compare this group with patients with occlusion in a single arterial territory.

Results

Of a total of 7723 patients who underwent EVT for acute ischemic stroke, 54 (0.7%) underwent EVT for MTVOs (mean age 69±12.5; female 50%). 28% had bilateral and 72% had anterior and posterior circulations occlusions. The rate of successful recanalization (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b/3), complications, modified Rankin score at 90 days, and mortality was not significantly different between the matched cohorts. Multivariate analysis confirmed that MTVOs were not associated with poor functional outcome, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, or longer procedure time.

Conclusion

Compared with EVT for single vessel occlusions, EVT in appropriately selected patients with MTVOs has a similar efficacy and safety profile.
Existence of solutions to uncertain differential equations of nonlocal type via an extended Krasnosel’skii fixed point theorem
Authors: Khastan Alireza , Nieto Juan J. , Rodríguez-López Rosana
Published: December 2022

In the present study, we investigate the existence of the solutions to a type of uncertain differential equations subject to nonlocal derivatives. The approach is based on the application of an extended Krasnosel’skii fixed point theorem valid on fuzzy metric spaces. With this theorem, we deduce that the problem of interest has a fuzzy solution, which is defined on a certain interval. Our approach includes the consideration of a related integral problem, to which the above-mentioned tools are applicable. We finish with some physical motivations.
DO IMPORT TECHNOLOGY SPILLOVERS IMPACT ECO-EFFICIENCY IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: A SPILLOVER DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS
Authors: CHEN JIAN , ZHAO DI , HASSAN TAIMOOR , ZHAO YANG
Published: December 2022

Technology spillovers in an open economy, a source of innovation, potentially contribute to reducing environmental pollution and improving environmental quality; however, few studies have explored this issue in detail. Based on the heterogeneous industrial R&D expenditure data issued by the OECD structural analysis database and the trade data collected from statistics on international trade by commodity in the OECD, this study evaluates the diversified channels of the import-related technology spillovers in manufacturing industries in China. Moreover, the study empirically investigates the eco-efficiency impact of technology spillovers via decomposed diversified spillover channels. The findings show that import-related technology spillovers positively affect the eco-efficiency of manufacturing industries. Inter-industrial technology spillovers, rather than intra-industrial technology spillovers, contribute more to aggregate technology spillovers and, accordingly, have played a more prominent role in promoting eco-efficiency.
Vertical GaN/InGaN/GaN heterostructure tunnel field-effect transistor: DC and analog/RF performance
Authors: Singh Sangeeta , Kumari Pallavi
Published: December 2022

This work reports an [Formula: see text]-type GaN/InGaN/GaN heterostructure vertical double-gate tunnel field-effect transistor (VTFET) using exhaustive calibrated simulation for the first time. Investigation has been done for the proposed structure by including a polarization layer of InGaN near the source-channel junction. From the analysis, it has been observed that after the introduction of polarization layer near the source-channel interface, drain current increases due to the increase in charge concentration (2DEG) near the interface due to inter-band tunneling. Value of 2DEG concentration achieved post introducing the polarization layer is [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]. The reported structure is optimized using parametric sweep optimization technique. Here, a detailed dc and analog/RF performance estimation has been done for the structure with heterostructure. In-depth sensitivity analysis has been done for the structure with the polarization layer. It is reported that the structure with HfO2 as the dielectric material with [Formula: see text] of 2 nm and with gate metal work function of 5.8 eV gives the optimum performance at 300 K. Further, it demonstrates high cutoff frequency ([Formula: see text] and gain bandwidth product (GBW) as 1000 GHz and 300 GHz, respectively. Hence, the reported structure is a better alternative for high-power steep switching analog and RF applications.
Erratum: Doubly nonlinear stochastic evolution equations
Authors: Scarpa Luca , Stefanelli Ulisse
Published: December 2022

In this erratum we correct a mistake in the proof of Lemma 3.5 of Ref. 1. This requires a slight refinement of the assumptions leading to the existence result of Ref. 1.
SYSTEMS OF NONLINEAR DELAY INTEGRAL EQUATIONS: POSITIVE SOLUTIONS, COMPARISON THEOREMS, AND DATA DEPENDENCE
Authors: ALAZMAN IBTEHAL , JLELI MOHAMED , SAMET BESSEM
Published: December 2022

In this paper, a system of nonlinear delay integral equations related to the spread of certain infectious diseases is investigated. Namely, using Perov’s fixed-point theorem, we obtain sufficient conditions for which the system admits a unique positive solution, and provide a numerical algorithm that converges to this solution. Moreover, we establish some comparison theorems, and study the data dependence of solutions.
ON FRACTAL FRACTIONAL HEPATITIS B EPIDEMIC MODEL WITH MODIFIED VACCINATION EFFECTS
Authors: AIN QURA TUL , CHU YU-MING
Published: December 2022

Fractional calculus is strongly tied to the dynamics of complicated real-world phenomena. The goal of this study is to employ a fractal fractional mathematical model with vaccine effects to solve HBV infection. We provide a novel numerical technique for fractal–fractional model with many graphical results. Moreover, we present by comparing these two operators for many values of the fractal and fractional order parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The effects of vaccination have been examined more thoroughly because vaccination results are not cent percent in some epidemic circumstances, e.g. vaccinated people can also be deemed as susceptible people. The dynamical behavior of the fractal–fractional HBV model with modified vaccination effects is examined utilizing the Atangana–Baleanu approach.
FRACTIONAL-ORDER SINE-GORDON EQUATION INVOLVING NONSINGULAR DERIVATIVE
Authors: SHER MUHAMMAD , KHAN AZIZ , SHAH KAMAL , ABDELJAWAD THABET
Published: December 2022

The sine-Gordon equation has received attention since 1970s due to the existence of soliton solutions. The aforesaid equation has significant applications in the quantum field theory. The aforementioned problem has been treated by using various numerical and analytical techniques under the ordinary as well as fractional-order derivatives. The mentioned equation has been investigated under the usual Caputo fractional-order derivative. Since in some cases the nonsingular-type derivatives produce more significant results in the mathematical modelings of real-world nonlinear problems, therefore, the proposed problem is considered in this paper under the fractional-order case in the context of Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo (ABC) derivative for the analytical and approximate results. This fractional derivative has some useful properties involving Mittag-Leffler-type kernel that is nonlocal and nonsingular. Furthermore, Modified Homotopy Perturbation Method (MHPM) is utilized for the required approximate solution. We give appropriate examples depicting the sine-Gordon model. Also, we present our results for the approximate solution graphically to support all the results.
WAVE PROPAGATION AND MAGNETIC ORDERING IN FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS
Authors: KHATER MOSTAFA M. A. , REN PENG
Published: December 2022

The soliton wave solutions to the (2+1)-dimensional Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain [Formula: see text] problem are explored in this paper. The (2+1)-dimensional [Formula: see text] equation describes the nonlinear spin dynamics of Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chains in the semiclassical limit. This formula is based on the spin-chain of the Heisenberg field. The bilinear and anisotropic interactions are accounted for in this equation. Even ferromagnetism may be explained by this paradigm, since it describes the propagation of waves inside a substance (the magnetic ordering in ferromagnetic materials). To construct a new soliton wave solution and validate its correctness, modern analytical and approximative schemes are utilized such as the Khater II and Adomian decomposition methods. Numerous interpretations for solitary waves are shown by various plots such as polar plots, contour plots, two-dimensional plots, and three-dimensional plots. The study’s novelty may be appreciated by contrasting our findings with those presented in previously published research publications. Most of the many computational simulations used are performed with the aid of a program called Mathematica 13.1.
ON THE APPLICABILITY OF FUZZY NATURAL TRANSFORM FOR FUZZY FRACTIONAL-ORDER PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL PROBLEMS
Authors: USMAN MUHAMMAD , ALRABAIAH HUSSAM , KHAN HIDAYAT ULLAH , ROMAN MUHAMMAD
Published: December 2022

Being a useful technique for solving differential equation, the study investigated the utility/efficiency of Natural Transform coupled with Adomian Decomposition Method (NADM). For this purpose, one-dimensional (1D) fuzzy fractional-order heat equation was split into two hybrid equations consisting of upper and lower solutions by the fast technique (NADM) together with the idea of level-wise fuzzy number. Accordingly, for the process of the said computation of 1D fuzzy fractional-order heat equation, the techniques of Natural Transform and Adomian Decomposition Method were properly applied. Comparatively, the computational processes were carried out rapidly toward the exact solution. Hence, the method was proved as easy, simple and efficient one. Finally, some examples are practiced that confirmed the results and the utility of the method.
Rich Extensions of the Core and the Equal Split Off Set
Authors: Yanovskaya Elena
Published: December 2022

This paper studies extensions of the core and the equal split off set (ESOS) for TU games, and also subsolutions of the extensions in order to derive some new egalitarian solutions for TU games. Stability of the allocations is weakened such that an allocation [Formula: see text] can be blocked only by rich coalitions which together with a player will contain all players having payoffs not less than him. In accordance with such a definition of blocking, two new solutions — the rich core and the egalitarian rich core — are defined and characterized by means of weakening of axioms characterizing the ESOS on the class of all TU games [Dietzenbacher, B. and Yanovskaya, E. [2021] Consistency of the equal spit-off set, Int. J. Game Theory 50(1), 1–22]. Two subsolutions of the egalitarian rich core — the set of Lorenz undominated allocations and the set of allocations that lexicographically minimize maximal payoffs of players (Lmax solution) are characterized. The tight upper boundary of the number of allocations in the ESOS and in the egalitarian rich core is found.
The Effects of Integrative Strategies Along the Supply Chain on NPD Success
Authors: Bello-Pintado Alejandro , Bianchi Carlos , Merino-Diaz-de-Cerio Javier
Published: December 2022

This study analyses the effects of different integrative strategies related to supply chain (SC) actors (suppliers, customers and internal manufacturing) in the early stages of new product development (NPD) on NPD success. Relying on various theories and related empirical evidence, we state three hypotheses and empirically test them using multi-country and multi-industry data from 309 manufacturing plants. The results show that different strategies of involvement explain different NPD success. We observed that integrative practices involving three distant actors have a positive impact on all NPD success indicators. We also observed that NPD success related to specific purposes, for example, market or internal processes, can be obtained with simpler combinations of collaboration. This shows the significance of choosing a differentiated portfolio of SC partners based on cognitive distance to achieve success in different NPD performance measures. Our results confirm that the types of partners are determinants in achieving different NPD success and that there are different alternatives to achieve success. These results have implications for managers to optimise the allocation of limited resources when cooperating with different agents in NPD projects.
The Classification of Torsion-free TI-Groups
Authors: Andruszkiewicz Ryszard R. , Woronowicz Mateusz
Published: December 2022

An abelian group [Formula: see text] is called a [Formula: see text]-group if every associative ring with the additive group [Formula: see text] is filial. The filiality of a ring [Formula: see text] means that the ring [Formula: see text] is associative and all ideals of any ideal of [Formula: see text] are ideals in [Formula: see text]. In this paper, torsion-free [Formula: see text]-groups are described up to the structure of associative nil groups. It is also proved that, for torsion-free abelian groups that are not associative nil, the condition [Formula: see text] implies the indecomposability and homogeneity. The paper contains constructions of [Formula: see text] such groups of any rank from 2 to[Formula: see text] which are pairwise non-isomorphic.
Quantization of a Class of Super W-Agebras
Authors: Zhang Yu , Tang Xiaomin
Published: December 2022

We study a class of super W-algebras whose even part is the Virasoro type Lie algebra [Formula: see text]. We quantize the Lie superbialgebra of the super W-algebra by the Drinfeld twist quantization technique and obtain a class of noncommutative and noncocommutative Hopf superalgebras.
Generalized Gorenstein Modules
Authors: Iacob Alina
Published: December 2022

We introduce a generalization of the Gorenstein injective modules: the Gorenstein [Formula: see text]-injective modules (denoted by [Formula: see text]). They are the cycles of the exact complexes of injective modules that remain exact when we apply a functor [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text] any [Formula: see text]-injective module. Thus, [Formula: see text] is the class of classical Gorenstein injective modules, and [Formula: see text] is the class of Ding injective modules. We prove that over any ring [Formula: see text], for any [Formula: see text], the class [Formula: see text] is the right half of a perfect cotorsion pair, and therefore it is an enveloping class. For [Formula: see text] we show that [Formula: see text] (i.e., the Ding injectives) forms the right half of a hereditary cotorsion pair. If moreover the ring [Formula: see text] is coherent, then the Ding injective modules form an enveloping class. We also define the dual notion, that of Gorenstein [Formula: see text]-projectives (denoted by [Formula: see text]). They generalize the Ding projective modules, and so, the Gorenstein projective modules. We prove that for any[Formula: see text] the class [Formula: see text] is the left half of a complete hereditary cotorsion pair, and therefore it is special precovering.
Gorenstein FP∞-Injective Modules and w-Noetherian Rings
Authors: Xing Shiqi , Luo Xiaoqiang , Hu Kui
Published: December 2022

We study some homological properties of Gorenstein [Formula: see text]-injective modules, and we prove (1) a ring [Formula: see text]is not necessarily coherent if every Gorenstein [Formula: see text]-injective [Formula: see text]-module is injective, and (2) a ring [Formula: see text] is not necessarily coherent if every Gorenstein injective [Formula: see text]-module is injective. In addition, we characterize [Formula: see text]-Noetherian rings in terms of Gorenstein [Formula: see text]-injective modules, and we prove that a ring [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-Noetherian if and only if every GV-torsion-free FP-injective [Formula: see text]-module is Gorenstein [Formula: see text]-injective, if and only if any direct sum of GV-torsion-free FP-injective [Formula: see text]-modules is Gorenstein [Formula: see text]-injective.
Syntheses and properties of amphiphilic zinc(II), nickel(II), and palladium(II) phthalocyanines with eight tri(oxyethylene) chains introduced at non-peripheral α positions
Authors: Handa Makoto , Urata Tomohiro , Nakashima Kai , Sugimori Tamotsu , Akashi Haruo , Mikuriya Masahiro
Published: December 2022

Amphiphilic zinc(II) (1), nickel(II) (2), and palladium(II) (3) complexes of 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octakis(1,4,7,10-tetraoxaundecyl)phthalocyanine were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and MALDI-TOF mass and 1H NMR spectroscopies. Electronic absorption spectra showed aggregation of the phthalocyanine molecules in [Formula: see text]O for 2 and 3, while the monomeric form for 1 in [Formula: see text]O, and 1, 2, and 3 in [Formula: see text]. The cyclic voltammograms of 1, 2, and 3 in [Formula: see text] showed that oxidation of the phthalocyanine ring occurs easily in these complexes. This may be due to the energetically increased HOMO, coming from the deformation of the phthalocyanine ring. Steric hindrance between the [Formula: see text]-introduced 1,4,7,10-tetraoxaundecyl groups (tri(oxyethylene) chains) within the phthalocyanine molecule gives rise to the deformation of the phthalocyanine ring, which decreases the aggregating nature of the present complexes.