bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Literatura afro-brasileira” ou apenas “literatura”?
Authors: Cruz de Oliveira Maria Aparecida
Published: February 2020

As denominações “periferia”, “marginal” e “negro”, palavras ligadas ao imaginário de segregação e preconceito, passam por uma inversão de estigma, fazendo com que termos injuriosos apreendam afirmações positivas. A sujeição estratégica aos termos tem um carácter de subjetivação, a composição de identidades coletivas. Os adjetivos marcam um coletivo positivamente ao acompanhar a palavra literatura para representar a escrita de escritores da nossa periferia urbana e escritores negros brasileiros, da periferia ou não.Penna (2015) concorda que não há homogeneidade nos nomes nem nas experiências que eles descrevem, o que há é divergências e diferenças. Um exemplo são as várias nomenclaturas dadas pela crítica para as escrituras de autoria negra. Existem muitos registros de nomenclaturas e alguns divergem por detalhes ou posturas ideológicas, no entanto, elas só acrescentam à discussão acerca da autoria negra. São nomenclaturas como “literatura afro-brasileira”, defendida por Eduardo de Assis Duarte (2011), Florentina de Souza e Maria Nazaré Lima (2006) e Luiza Lobo (2007, p. 331); “literatura negro-brasileira” proposta por Cuti (2010), “literatura negra” utilizada por Octávio Ianni (2011) e Zilá Bernd (1988) etc. Sem desconsiderar essa diversidade, mas considerando a importância dela para o debate da literatura de autoria negra apresentarei a visão de alguns escritores sobre os motivos que os levaram a adotar um adjetivo para identificar suas produções literárias. A intenção não é discutir qual o termo mais adequado – embora tenha optado neste trabalho por chamar a literatura produzida por escritores(as) negros(as) de afro-brasileira – mas mostrar porque alguns escritores escolheram usar alguns desses adjetivos ao invés de apenas o substantivo literatura ou a expressão literatura brasileira, e da necessidade desses escritores se autonomearem ou filiarem suas produções a um desses adjetivos.
"D. Teresa. Uma mulher que não abriu mão do poder" (2015) de Isabel Stilwell
Authors: Działak-Szubińska Anna
Published: February 2020

O artigo foca-se no romance D. Teresa. Uma mulher que não abriu mão do poder (2015) de Isabel Stilwell. Pretende-se mostrar como a autora cria “a «sua» Teresa” (Stilwell, 2015: 503). Inicialmente apresenta-se a imagem tradicional de D. Teresa para depois se demostrar como Isabel Stilwell a revisita. A matéria é analisada, entre outros aspetos, à luz dos estudos sobre o romance histórico. Alude-se igualmente aos estudos sobre a mulher no contexto da historiografia recente.
A crise económica na literatura portuguesa recente: casos de 2011 e 2013
Authors: Martins Serafina
Published: February 2020

Neste trabalho, estudam-se dois romances cujo assunto principal é a crise económica iniciada em 2008 e reveladores das consequências sociais e emocionais desta crise. Em A instalação do medo, esta emoção vence a protagonista; em Índice médio de felicidade a esperança e o altruísmo permitem uma pequena revolução. São, deste modo, exemplos de como a crise afectou a arte e ilustram um processo, ainda em curso, de transformação da literatura portuguesa.
A estatística textual computadorizada e a literatura brasileira: uma análise do romance "Miragem", de Coelho Neto
Authors: Pires de Assis Emanoel Cesar , Lopes Daniel
Published: February 2020

Neste artigo, revelamos, por meio de uma leitura estilométrica, características do estilo de escrita de Coelho Neto em Miragem (1895). Ademais, comparamos o estilo do escritor com o estilo de três escritores contemporâneos seus: Aluísio Azevedo, O Cortiço (1890); Adolfo Caminha, Bom-Crioulo (1895); e Machado de Assis, Dom Casmurro (1900). A metodologia de investigação adotada nesse trabalho tem como suporte a estilometria (Brandão, 2006; Cúrcio, 2006, 2007, 2013; Freitas, 2007; Paiva, 2013; Assis, 2013; e Silva, 2014) e dialoga, sempre que possível, com a crítica literária direcionada a Coelho Neto e sua obra, principalmente no tocante ao seu estilo. Dentre os nossos achados, comprovamos que os usos de adjetivos, verbos, e advérbios em –mente apontados como “excessivos” pela crítica por parte de Coelho Neto na composição do seu estilo são, aparentemente, normais quando comparamos o seu estilo com o estilo de seus contemporâneos.
 no Português Europeu
Authors: Barroso Henrique
Published: February 2020

 é uma construção que focaliza o ‘começo’ da situação denotada pelo predicado cujo núcleo é a forma verbal de infinitivo. Este valor, o “inceptivo”, não se lhe confina, contudo. Por exemplo (e só para referir algumas), começar a, pôr-se a, romper a, largar a + infinitivo são construções que também o partilham. Por conseguinte, constitui objetivo deste artigo indagar das suas especificidades, para o que – com base num corpus constituído por material linguístico autêntico, recolhido na imprensa escrita e em textos literários (finais do séc. XX e inícios do séc. XXI) –, convoco argumentos vários, quer de natureza estrutural quer sintático-semântica.
Formas de tratamento nominais na língua portuguesa
Authors: Drzazgowska Joanna
Published: February 2020

O objetivo do artigo Formas de tratamento nominais. Algumas observações de caráter contrastivo português europeu – polaco é apontar algumas peculiaridades do sistema das formas de tratamento nominais no PE. Simultaneamente, tentar-se-á mostrar alguns problemas que surgem neste contexto nas aulas de PLE e na tradução para o polaco.
Traduzir marcadores discursivos não é tarefa fácil… desde logo, porque…
Authors: Loureiro Ana , Rossi Jiménez Patricia , Sarnowska Natalia , Gonçalves Paulo , Nédeva Boyka
Published: February 2020

A presente investigação tem por objetivo identificar dificuldades e estratégias de tradução de desde logo (PT) para Espanhol, por um lado, e para Búlgaro e Polaco, por outro. Partindo de um primeiro estudo contrastivo (ainda em curso) sobre o comportamento dos itens desde logo (PT) e desde luego (ES), e considerando os efeitos que a proximidade (formal, mas não semântica) dos dois MD pode ter na construção das estratégias de tradução, é nosso propósito enquadrar os resultados obtidos numa análise de âmbito mais alargado, envolvendo o contraste com línguas mais distantes do Português, a saber, o Búlgaro e o Polaco.
O uso do Pretérito Imperfeito e do Pretérito Perfeito do Indicativo em português europeu por estudantes com cantonês como L1
Authors: Oliveira Fátima , Oliveira Fátima , Silva Fátima
Published: February 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo averiguar que condições de uso implicam mais desvios relativamente ao emprego do Pretérito Perfeito Simples (PPS) e do Pretérito Imperfeito (PI) por aprendentes chineses de PLE, de nível A2 (QECRL), com L1 cantonês, procurando encontrar algumas explicações para a sua ocorrência. A análise, quantitativa e qualitativa, parte do contraste entre o português e o cantonês quanto à marcação do tempo e do aspeto e descreve os desvios mais frequentes num corpus de produções escritas dos estudantes. Face a alguns resultados inesperados, procedeu-se também a uma verificação de ocorrências do Presente em vez do PPS e do PI, como forma de confirmar ou não, possíveis explicações. Os resultados indicam que não parece haver uma transferência direta do valor dos marcadores aspetuais perfetivos e imperfetivos do cantonês para a utilização do PPS e do PI ou do Presente, mas uma transferência da concetualização perfetivo/imperfetivo no cantonês, independentemente do tempo.
ANALISIS PERKEMBANGAN PUSAT INFORMASI dan KONSELING REMAJA di SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS NEGERI 3 BANTUL DIY
Authors: Fujiastuti Dwi
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Adolescence is a transitional period for an individual from childhood into adulthood, in the search of identity many teenager fall into adolescent problems such as student brawl cases that occur in major cities in Indonesia, the number of drug users in adolescents reached 14 thousand people, increased cases of smokers in the age group 16 to 19 years, increase the number of early marriage every year. PIK R aims to prepare family life for teenagers. This study aims to determine the development of the Information Center and Youth Counseling program (PIK R) so that it reaches the rigorous stage. The study was conducted at SMAN 3 Bantul, because SMAN 3 Bantul is one of the schools in the Special Region of Yogyakarta which has a PIK R called PIK R FRESS which has reached a tough stage. Method: This research is a qualitative research with descriptive research design. Research subjects were seven people who were selected by purposive sampling technique. The research was conducted by interviewing, observing, and documenting and analyzing data through the reduction, presentation and conclusion stages. Results: The step of establishing PIK R at SMAN 3 Bantul included analyzing adolescent problems, socializing students at BKKBN, socializing the formation of PIK R in the school, so that PIK R FRESS was formed. Efforts made to support the development of PIK R are activities inside and outside of school, partnership development and Human Resources. Still found adolescent problems cause of inhibiting factors included member communication, activities of PIK R, and support from the school. Conclusion: The step of establishing PIK R is in accordance with BKKBN guidelines, included analyzing until socializing programme. In development of PIK R, PIK R conducts human resource development, activities and partnerships. The inhibiting factors were support from schools and the promblem of internal PIK R.
Human papilloma virus (HPV) and cervical cancer
Authors: Kothari Aine
Published: February 2020

Aine Kothari looks at the success of the vaccination programme for HPV, and where it goes next
The overlap between income poverty and material deprivation: sensitivity evidence for Australia
Authors: Saunders Peter , Naidoo Yuvisthi
Published: February 2020

Many studies have noted the low overlap between income poverty and material deprivation when the latter is derived using the consensual approach that builds on the work of Townsend. However, few have examined the contributing factors and even fewer have assessed the sensitivity of the overlap to different approaches and adjustments. This paper uses Australian data to examine the impact on the overlap of data adjustments and three substantive factors: short-run income fluctuations, housing costs and net wealth. The analysis shows that accounting for two of these factors leads to a marked increase in the overlap between poverty and deprivation.
Computationally efficient 104 Gb/s PWL-Volterra equalized 2D-TCM-PAM8 in dispersion unmanaged DML-DD system
Authors: Fu Yan , Kong Deming , Bi Meihua , Xin Haiyun , Jia Shi , Zhang Kuo , Hu Weisheng , Hu Hao
Published: February 2020

Two-dimensional eight-level pulse amplitude modulation with trellis-coded modulation (2D-TCM-PAM8) is proposed to overcome the bandwidth limitation for high-speed signal transmission due to its high spectral efficiency. However, the high coding gain of the TCM can only be achieved in bandlimited additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels and cannot be achieved in nonlinear channels without any equalizers. In the directly modulated laser and direct detection (DML-DD) transmission system, the transceiver nonlinearities and the interaction between DML chirp and fiber dispersion will introduce nonlinear distortion. To compensate for the nonlinear distortion, we propose a computationally efficient piecewise linear (PWL)-Volterra equalizer. In this equalizer, we first use the PWL to correct the skewed eye diagram and then employ a simple 2nd order Volterra to compensate for the residual nonlinear distortions. By using the PWL-Volterra equalizer prior to the Viterbi decoder, the high coding gain of TCM can be achieved. In the experiment, a 104 Gb/s 8-state 2D-TCM-PAM8 signal generated in a ∼ 20 GHz DML is successfully transmitted over 10 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) in C band, with the bit error ratio (BER) below the HD-FEC limit of 3.8 × 10−3. Compared to only using the conventional 2nd order Volterra equalizer with a similar BER performance, the PWL-Volterra equalizer shows 29% computational complexity reduction.
Detección de «Rickettsia» spp. en garrapatas fijadas en personas en Castilla y León
Authors: Hernández Luis , Viera Carmen , Muro Antonio
Published: February 2020

Las garrapatas son ectoparásitos hematófagos de gran importancia por ser transmisores de agentes patógenos.  El objetivo principal del trabajo es el estudio de las garrapatas fijadas a personas en la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León en época estival, y más en concreto, la detección de rickettsiosis transmitidas por ellas. Se recibieron 709 garrapatas retiradas a personas en los diferentes servicios de salud de la comunidad. En el laboratorio se llevó a cabo su identificación y extracción de ADN. A continuación, se realizó una PCR individualizada a cada muestra con el fin de conocer si son portadoras de Rickettsia spp. Para ver los resultados de la PCR, se hizo una electroforesis en gel de agarosa, el cual se visualiza. Por último, los productos positivos fueron purificados y cuantificados. De las muestras analizadas, para los genes gltA y OmpA, se obtuvieron 67 positivos (9,44%), presentando mayor prevalencia en las provincias de Ávila y Burgos. Por tanto, en este estudio podemos observar el indiscutible interés creciente por las enfermedades transmitidas por garrapatas siendo los datos obtenidos de gran utilidad para orientar las medidas de control y prevención de dichas enfermedades.
Efecto de la exposición a ozono sobre un modelo de privación materna en ratas
Authors: Moya Carmen , González Joaquín
Published: February 2020

El maltrato infantil es uno de los mayores problemas sociales y económicos a nivel mundial. Entre las personas que han sido víctimas del MI existe una alta prevalencia de violencia, abuso de drogas y enfermedades psiquiátricas, entre otros. A nivel fisiológico, el eje hipotálamo-pituitaria-adrenal y la respuesta al estrés están directamente relacionados con esta prevalencia. Además, en los últimos años, ha aumentado la preocupación por el efecto de la contaminación sobre la salud humana. El objetivo de este proyecto es determinar el efecto de la exposición crónica a un ambiente contaminado con ozono, sobre algunos biomarcadores, en un modelo animal de privación materna. Se medirá cómo afecta la exposición a ozono sobre la capacidad cognitiva y el estado de ansiedad. Además, se analizará la variación de corticosterona y ACTH en plasma tras la exposición a un estresor agudo. Por último, se analizará el volumen del hipocampo y sus subáreas, así como el grado de metilación del exón promotor del receptor de glucocorticoides 1F y del exón promotor de vasopresina. Con el presente trabajo se pretende ampliar el conocimiento sobre el desarrollo cognitivo de niños que han sufrido maltrato infantil.
Presence probability of Hemiscorpius lepturus Peters, 1861 using maximum entropy approach in the western areas of Zagros Mountains, Iran
Authors: Hanafi-Bojd Ahmad Ali , Sharififard Mona , Jahanifard Elham , Navidpour Shahrokh , Vazirianzadeh Babak
Published: February 2020

Aim: The purpose of this research was to use environmental variables for predicting the probability of Hemiscorpius lepturus existence in the provinces where situated in the west of the Zagros Mountains.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 64 occurrence records of the H. lepturus were extracted from the published documents available in electronic databases. MaxEnt model was used for predicting the ecological niches of this species. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and 19 climatic variables were used as the environmental variables affecting the distribution of this scorpion. The Jackknife test in the model was used to indicate the importance of variables to predict the probability of the presence of the studied species. The logistic threshold that was evaluated using a logistic regression algorithm showed the converting of the probability model into a binary model. The model was evaluated by area under the curve (AUC). The probability presence map of this scorpion was then prepared in ArcGIS 10.5 Software.

Results: The results of the analysis showed that the most important environmental factor on the distribution of H. lepturus was the maximum temperature of the warmest month (Bio5) with a contribution rate of 43% and permutation importance of 8%. The Jackknife test revealed that NDVI did not gain any value when it used independently in the model. The logistic threshold was reported 0.255 for the maximum test sensitivity plus specificity. The AUC of the model was 0.7698, shows an acceptable value for model validity. Overall the hot spots for this toxic scorpion seem to be in Khuzestan, Lorestan, and Ilam Provinces of the studied area.

Conclusion: Regarding our findings, MaxEnt algorithm, in combination with geographic information system contributed to revealing the effects of environmental variables on the probability of H. lepturus presence in the west of Zagros Mountains. These visualized maps as a warning alarm can be helpful to policymakers for managing, controlling, and monitoring the scorpionism in high-risk areas.
Multitarget Stool DNA Screening in Clinical Practice: High Positive Predictive Value for Colorectal Neoplasia Regardless of Exposure to Previous Colonoscopy
Authors: Eckmann Jason D. , Ebner Derek W. , Bering Jamie , Kahn Allon , Rodriguez Eduardo , Devens Mary E. , Lowrie Kari L. , Doering Karen , Then Sara , Burger Kelli N. , Mahoney Douglas W. , Prichard David O. , Wallace Michael B. , Gurudu Suryakanth R. , Finney Lila J. , Limburg Paul , Berger Barry , Ahlquist David A. , Kisiel John B.
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Multitarget stool DNA (MT-sDNA) testing has grown as a noninvasive screening modality for colorectal cancer (CRC), but real-world clinical data are limited in the post-FDA approval setting. The effect of previous colonoscopy on MT-sDNA performance is not known. We aimed to evaluate findings of colorectal neoplasia (CRN) at diagnostic colonoscopy in patients with positive MT-sDNA testing, stratified by patient exposure to previous colonoscopy.

METHODS:

We identified consecutive patients completing MT-sDNA testing over a 39-month period and reviewed the records of those with positive tests for neoplastic findings at diagnostic colonoscopy. MT-sDNA test positivity rate, adherence to diagnostic colonoscopy, and the positive predictive value (PPV) of MT-sDNA for any CRN and neoplastic subtypes were calculated.

RESULTS:

Of 16,469 MT-sDNA tests completed, testing returned positive in 2,326 (14.1%) patients. After exclusion of patients at increased risk for CRC, 1,801 patients remained, 1,558 (87%) of whom underwent diagnostic colonoscopy; 918 of 1,558 (59%) of these patients had undergone previous colonoscopy, whereas 640 (41%) had not. Any CRN was found in 1,046 of 1,558 patients (PPV = 67%). More neoplastic lesions were found in patients without previous colonoscopy (73%); however, the rates remained high among those who had undergone previous colonoscopy (63%, P < 0.0001). The large majority (79%) of patients had right-sided neoplasia.

DISCUSSION:

MT-sDNA has a high PPV for any CRN regardless of exposure to previous colonoscopy. Right-sided CRN was found at colonoscopy in most patients with positive MT-sDNA testing, representing a potential advantage over other currently available screening modalities for CRC.
Determinants of Carbon Emission Disclosure
Authors: Allam Gayo Alfani , Diyanty Vera
Published: February 2020

This research aims to analyze the determinants of carbon emission disclosure. These determinant factors consist of family ownership, financial slack, social reputation, and industry regulation. The study used 537 observations from 179 samples of public companies in natural resource and manufacturing industries in Indonesia for the year 2012- 2014. The result of this research shows that the average level of carbon emission disclosure is only 6, 25%, which indicates that the awareness about carbon emission issues is still low. The regression result shows that financial slack, social reputation, and industry regulation have a significant positive effect on the carbon emission disclosure level, whereas the family ownership has an insignificant effect on the carbon emission disclosure level. This research can be used as a reference by the regulators and companies for creating regulations and policies to reduce and disclose the companiesâ€™ carbon emission in order to achieve the national emission target.
Electrocorticogram (ECoG) Is Highly Informative in Primate Visual Cortex
Authors: Kanth Sidrat Tasawoor , Ray Supratim
Published: February 2020

Neural signals recorded at different scales contain information about environment and behavior and have been used to control Brain Machine Interfaces with varying degrees of success. However, a direct comparison of their efficacy has not been possible due to different recording setups, tasks, species, etc. To address this, we implanted customized arrays having both microelectrodes and electrocorticogram (ECoG) electrodes in the primary visual cortex of 2 female macaque monkeys, and also recorded electroencephalogram (EEG), while they viewed a variety of naturalistic images and parametric gratings. Surprisingly, ECoG had higher information and decodability than all other signals. Combining a few ECoG electrodes allowed more accurate decoding than combining a much larger number of microelectrodes. Control analyses showed that higher decoding accuracy of ECoG compared with local field potential was not because of differences in low-level visual features captured by them but instead because of larger spatial summation of the ECoG. Information was high in the 30–80 Hz range and at lower frequencies. Information in different frequencies and scales was nonredundant. These results have strong implications for Brain Machine Interface applications and for study of population representation of visual stimuli.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTElectrophysiological signals captured across scales by different recording electrodes are regularly used for Brain Machine Interfaces, but the information content varies due to electrode size and location. A systematic comparison of their efficiency for Brain Machine Interfaces is important but technically challenging. Here, we recorded simultaneous signals across four scales: spikes, local field potential, electrocorticogram (ECoG), and EEG, and compared their information and decoding accuracy for a large variety of naturalistic stimuli. We found that ECoGs were highly informative and outperformed other signals in information content and decoding accuracy.
Effect of Al2O3 and SiO2 Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Blended with POME on Combustion, Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Diesel Engine
Authors: Adzmi M. A. , Abdullah A. , Abdullah Z. , Mrwan A. G.
Published: February 2020

Evaluation of combustion characteristic, engine performances and exhaust emissions of nanoparticles blended in palm oil methyl ester (POME) was conducted in this experiment using a single-cylinder diesel engine. Nanoparticles used was aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) with a portion of 50 ppm and 100 ppm. SiO2 and Al2O3 were blended in POME and labelled as PS50, PS100 and PA50, PA100, respectively. The data results for

PS and PA fuel were compared to POME test fuel. Single cylinder diesel engine YANMAR TF120M attached with DEWESoft data acquisition module (DAQ) model SIRIUSi-HS was used in this experiment. Various engine loads of zero, 7 N.m, 14 Nm, 21 N.m and 28 N.m at a constant engine speed of 1800 rpm were applied during engine testing. Results for each fuel were obtained by calculating the average three times repetition of engine testing. Findings show that the highest maximum pressure of nanoparticles fuel increase by 16.3% compared to POME test fuel. Other than that, the engine peak torque and engine power show a significant increase by 43% and 44%, respectively, recorded during the PS50 fuel test. Meanwhile, emissions of nanoparticles fuel show a large decrease by 10% of oxide of nitrogen (NOx), 6.3% reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) and a slight decrease of 0.02% on carbon monoxide (CO). Addition of nanoparticles in biodiesel show positive improvements when used in diesel engines and further details were discussed.
METHODOLOGY FOR THE ENDOCRINOLOGIST: Basic aspects of confounding adjustment
Authors: Groenwold Rolf H H , Dekkers Olaf M
Published: February 2020

The results of observational studies of causal effects are potentially biased due to confounding. Various methods have been proposed to control for confounding in observational studies. Eight basic aspects of confounding adjustment are described, with a focus on correction for confounding through covariate adjustment using regression analysis. These aspects should be considered when planning an observational study of causal effects or when assessing the validity of the results of such a study.
The follicular microenvironment in low (++) and high (I+B+) ovulation rate ewes
Authors: Clark Zaramasina L , Heath Derek A , O’Connell Anne R , Juengel Jennifer L , McNatty Kenneth P , Pitman Janet L
Published: February 2020

Ewes with single copy mutations in GDF9, BMP15 or BMPR1B have smaller preovulatory follicles containing fewer granulosa cells (GC), while developmental competency of the oocyte appears to be maintained. We hypothesised that similarities and/or differences in follicular maturation events between WT (++) ewes and mutant ewes with single copy mutations in BMP15 and BMPR1B (I+B+) are key to the attainment of oocyte developmental competency and for increasing ovulation rate (OR) without compromising oocyte quality. Developmental competency of oocytes from I+B+ animals was confirmed following embryo transfer to recipient ewes. The microenvironment of both growing and presumptive preovulatory (PPOV) follicles from ++ and I+B+ ewes was investigated. When grouped according to gonadotropin-responsiveness, PPOV follicles from I+B+ ewes had smaller mean diameters with fewer GC than equivalent follicles in ++ ewes (OR = 4.4 ± 0.7 and 1.7 ± 0.2, respectively; P < 0.001). Functional differences between these genotypes included differential gonadotropin-responsiveness of GC, follicular fluid composition and expression levels of cumulus cell-derived VCAN, PGR, EREG and BMPR2 genes. A unique microenvironment was characterised in I+B+ follicles as they underwent maturation. Our evidence suggests that GC were less metabolically active, resulting in increased follicular fluid concentrations of amino acids and metabolic substrates, potentially protecting the oocyte from ROS. Normal expression levels of key genes linked to oocyte quality and embryo survival in I+B+ follicles support the successful lambing percentage of transferred I+B+ oocytes. In conclusion, these I+B+ oocytes develop normally, despite radical changes in follicular size and GC number induced by these combined heterozygous mutations.
Relationship between Melanoma Stage at the Diagnosis and Survival During a period of 30 Years (1982-2011)
Authors: Alkhaldi Talal M , Dawari Sakhr A , Aldaham Sami A
Published: February 2020

Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes, and is a potentially aggressive cancer. The incidence of melanoma is rising at a greater rate than any other cancer in the U.S. The aim of this study was to examine the association between melanoma stage at the time of diagnosis and survival among U.S. adult melanoma patients during 1982-2011. This was a secondary analysis of a non-concurrent cohort study conducted on 185219 U.S. adult patients who were diagnosed with primary cutaneous melanoma between 1982-2011. Chi-square, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to analyze the data. Significance was assessed using p-value and 95% confidence interval. Men had more cutaneous melanoma. Black non-Hispanic patients were diagnosed less frequently. Patients who were married or in a domestic partnership were most likely to be diagnosed. The adjusted HR for distant melanoma was 141-fold that of in situ (95% CI 126.38-157.19). The adjusted HR was the highest in the first decade of diagnosis (1.7; 95% CI 1.6 1.75). In conclusion, survival is highly affected by melanoma stage at diagnosis. Black non-Hispanic patients had the lowest hazard ratio of all races. The sample size was large, which enhances the generalizability to the U.S. population.
Maidan and post-Maidan Ukraine: The regional dimension
Authors: Vyshniak Oleksandr
Published: February 2020

The article is based on surveys (The article is based on surveys) 2013-2014, which were devoted to a sociological analysis of changes in the political orientation of people in their regional dimensions during and after Euromaidan. It is argued that political differentiation of Ukraine’s regions is not the result of some situational factors, but it is due to the deeper social and cultural processes rooted in specific historical development of the Ukrainian nation as a part of various empires and states for the last centuries. Over twenty years of Ukrainian independence, before the Revolution of dignity in 2013-2014 these differences even slightly deepened and the political composition of regions practically remained unchanged. Four significantly different types of Ukrainian regions are distinguished. These are: 1) Western Ukraine; 2) Central and North-Eastern Ukraine; 3) South East (Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhzhia, Mykolaiv, Odesa, Kharkiv and Kherson), 4) Donbas and Crimea. The peoples’ attitudes in various regions towards the annexation of Crimea, their perceptions of the idea of federalization and the estimations of the war in Donbas are analyzed. Despite of expectations different perceptions of events of the 2013-2014 Maidan in the regions of Ukraine and Russian aggression in the Crimea and Donbas have not strengthened the tensions between the regions (“four Ukraines”). Although socio-cultural differentiation between regions remained (language practices and attitudes of citizens toward status of Russian language can not change during a few months), but the political and electoral views of population in the South-Eastern region changed significantly. Sociological analysis of the surveys also proves that there were no internal reasons for separatism in any Ukraine’s regions, including Crimea and Donbas. Instead the research proves that separatism in Ukraine was inspired from abroad and is supported due to external factor, namely Russia’s aggression against Ukraine.
Mass media, Elections and New Reality
Authors: Burlachuk Viktor
Published: February 2020

In the media age, such fundamental concepts as “subject”, “power”, “sign”, “meaning”, on which the picture of the modern world was built, underwent dramatic changes. The election process in our country has shown how the post-modern sociology has become relevant agents of the modern political process. Television, the media are becoming a genuine space of human habitation, which requires new principles of orientation. In this case, the traditional means of orientation in space and time disappear. In the world of mass media, the linear sequence is canceled, the dialectic polarity is canceled, the opposition of the subject and the object is canceled. Any event, action, value, social institution, falling into the scope of a system in which there is no linear sequence, undergoes a certain deformation. This also applies to the authorities, which no longer belong to the order of the legislative and supervisory authority, but rather to the order of tactility and switching. We need to understand what is happening with the public space of politics and social, how the dissolution of television in life, as well as the dissolution of life in television happens, how in the space of the media the power is disorganized, turns into a simulation of power, losing touch with goals and objectives and dooming yourself to produce power effects. The sphere of simulation is contained in the media, in the field of communication. It is necessary to start studying this area from the most important, from the theory of signs. The process of creating value and value correlates with the process of signification. In particular, the subject of modern political economy is not a commodity and not a sign, but their indissoluble unity in which they are destroyed as particular definitions, but not as a form. Any attempt to overcome the political economy of the sign, relying on one of its components, is doomed to reproduce the arbitrariness of the sign. Therefore, a symbolic semantic operation should come to replace the sign.
Concepts of political identity in social sciences
Authors: Sosniuk Yevgeniy
Published: February 2020

The purpose of the article is to conduct a theoretical and methodological analysis of the basic concepts and approaches to the study of political identity in the social sciences; defining the concept of “political identity” and highlighting its structural elements. The study of identity has always been interdisciplinary in nature (philosophy, anthropology, ethnography, psychology, sociology). The general conceptualization of views on political identity was carried out in three stages (“three waves”). The first stage: the Michigan project, in which political identity is considered as party identity; British concepts of political identity as an element of “mid-level” political consciousness between political values and decision preferences (D. Butler, D. Stokes). Second stage: European concepts of political identity as a product of globalization processes (Eurobarometer program, J. Welch); the concept of the indirect influence of social (ethnic, gender and confessional) identity on political identity (R. Carter, J. Helms, F. Schlesinger); the concept of political identity as a result of the influence of globalization / glocalization processes and the formation of the information society (M. Castells). The third stage: the multiculturalist concept of identity as a supranational / European mental entity that defines civilizational choice (T. Reiss, M. Emerson, I. Neumann, B. Strath, F. Cerutti); the concept of civic identity as a product of the interaction of three groups: the political elite, the economic elite and ordinary citizens (G. Best). Based on the results of the analysis, the author defines political identity as: (1) a sense of belonging (actual or imagined) to a particular political group (party, social movement, electoral group); (2) identification of oneself with a certain political position (ideology, value system). The main structural elements of political identity are: socio-status characteristics; assessments of the economic and political situation; party preferences; positions / attitudes on specific issues; assessing the personal qualities of political leaders; prospective expectations of voters from parties and candidates.
Mycophilic degree among the Wixaritari and mestizos in Villa Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico
Authors: Haro-Luna Mara Ximena , Guzmán-Dávalos Laura , Ruan-Soto Felipe
Published: February 2020

The appreciation and taste towards mushrooms are influenced by sociocultural factors and ecological variables. This study evaluated the mycophilic degree among the Wixaritari and mestizo communities in a municipality in the north of Jalisco, settled in different types of vegetation, to determine if ecological and sociocultural factors influence the attitude towards the mushrooms. The Mycophilia-Mycophobia Index was evaluated in 10 communities in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with a representative number of people. Responses to 18 indicators were analyzed by χ2 test and multivariate techniques. To determine which factors best explain the observed attitudes, six models were constructed using a Beta probability-density function with maximum likelihood adjustment; finally, a comparison using the Akaike Information Criterion was made. In general, the population resulted mycophilic; the χ2 test showed that there were significant differences between the Wixaritari and mestizo attitudes in 10 of the 18 indicators. In the ordination and classification analyses, the communities did not cluster by cultural group or vegetation, and one mestizo community was isolated from the others. The model that best explains the mycophilic attitudes was community-cultural group in which the vegetation was involved. One Wixarika community in pine forest was extremely mycophilic, in contrast to a mestizo community in oak forest that was indifferent to the mushrooms; these attitudes were the result of historical events that have modified the lifestyle of people. The differences in the evaluated indicators were due to the cosmovision of each cultural group.
Jak nie postępować? Polscy socjaliści międzywojnia wobec fenomenu bolszewizmu
Authors: Kuligowski Piotr
Published: February 2020

Artykuł jest poświęcony stosunkowi polskich socjalistów okresu międzywojennego wobec fenomenu bolszewizmu. Z powodu specyfi ki rodzimej myśli socjalistycznej, która kształtowała się w warunkach braku niepodległego bytu państwowego, wiele z jej podstawowych idei nie przystawało do koncepcji, a przede wszystkim – do praktyki rządów komunistycznych w Rosji. Krytyka bolszewizmu opierała się na czterech zasadniczych fi larach, czyli negacji antydemokratyzmu, kosmopolityzmu, napiętnowaniu powszechnie stosowanego terroru oraz instrumentalnego wykorzystywania koncepcji duetu Marks-Engels.
Hiszpania anarchistów (1936-1937) jako przykład społeczności postkapitalistycznej
Authors: Kurdelski Hubert
Published: February 2020

W pierwszych dniach hiszpańskiej wojny domowej grupa biedaków napadła na oddział Banku Aragonii. Wykorzystując zamieszanie związane z rozpoczynającą się wojną domową ludzie ci zrabowali pieniądze. Choć napastnicy mogli spokojnie zniknąć z całym łupem praktycznie bez żadnych konsekwencji, podjęli decyzję, która stała się symbolem tamtych dni. Przytoczona historia świetnie oddaje poświęcenie i rodzaj ideowego zaangażowania uczestników ruchu, o którym będzie opowiadała niniejsza praca. To właśnie przepełnione tym samym duchem wzorce z zakresu funkcjonowania wspólnot sąsiedzkich, zdemokratyzowane struktury zarządzania procesem produkcji oraz przemiany dotyczące dystrybucji i konsumpcji dóbr stanowić mogą istotne źródło inspiracji w formułowaniu odpowiedzi na pytanie: „Jak wyglądać może świat po kapitalizmie?”.
Rozbudowa sieci kanalizacyjnej w gminie Prochowice jako cel strategii rozwoju
Authors: Bratuś Marzena
Published: February 2020

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przedstawienie prac nad rozbudową sieci wodociągowej oraz kanalizacji w Gminie Prochowice jako założenia zawartego w strategii rozwoju regionu. Artykuł skupia się na w/w aspektach pod kątem poprawy warunków życia lokalnej społeczności. Sprawdzono również poziom realizacji złożeń opisanych w strategii rozwoju. Wstępna analiza wyników wykazała, iż sytuacja w zakresie wdrażania celu, jakim jest budowa sieci kanalizacyjnej w Gminie Prochowice jest realizowany wg ustalonych założeń. Zauważalne jest, iż w badanej gminie prowadzone są działania skierowane na pozytywny rozwój.
Krytyczna analiza dyskursu wybranych stron internetowych
Authors: Leszczyński Seweryn
Published: February 2020

Artykuł prezentuje sposób interpretowania przekazu medialnego z wykorzystaniem krytycznej analizy dyskursu (KAD). Na początku zostały wyjaśnione najważniejsze pojęcia: retoryka, perswazja, krytyczna analiza dyskursu. W dalszej części została przedstawiona teoria komunikowania masowego i specyfi ka języka w Internecie. Badania własne polegały na analizie dyskursu medialnego prezentowanego na stronach: Onet i wPolityce w dniu 06.11.2012 r., czyli w przeddzień wyborów na prezydenta Stanów Zjednoczonych. Metoda KAD pozwoliła wskazać specyfikę przekazów, zastosowane elementy języka i sposób ujęcia tematu pod względem kryterium wartości informacyjnej. Wnioski pokazują, że przekaz nie spełniał wszystkich jej kryteriów.
(Post)Modern Marlowe in Hard-Boiled Victorian Age: Generic Classification of Terry Pratchett’s City Watch Cycle
Authors: Uzar Monika
Published: February 2020

Poprzez odrzucenie zasady czystości formy, postmodernizm umożliwił dogłębną analizę, rewaluację oraz ponowne zdefi niowanie cech charakterystycznych poszczególnych gatunków literackich. Dało to twórcom możliwość zabawy formą oraz tworzenia często  nieoczywistych hybryd gatunkowych. Jednym z mistrzów owych międzygatunkowych chimer jest współczesny brytyjski pisarz, sir Terry Pratchett . Twórca z wszech miar przekorny i nie stroniący od eksperymentów literackich, w pełni wykorzystuje wolność gatunkową oferowaną przez tezy postmodernizmu. Efekty owej fascynacji postmodernizmem są dostrzegalne m.in. w serii jego powieści kryminalnych, które po zanalizowaniu okazują się być mieszaniną fantasy, powieści detektywistycznej, powieści policyjnej, kryminału noir, kryminału typu hard-boiled, ballady heroicznej, powieści łotrzykowskiej oraz satyry polityczno-społecznej. Ta wieloskładnikowa mikstura jest, pomimo pozornie chaotycznego doboru składników, tworzona wg starannie opracowanego klucza i zorganizowana wokół jednego głównego gatunku, którym na pierwszy rzut oka wydaje się być kryminał noir. Jednakże, oglądane z bliska, kryminały Pratchett a okazują się być, pomimo licznych współczesnych elementów, przedstawicielami klasycznej powieści detektywistycznej sięgającej tradycjami do epoki królowej Wiktorii i wywodzącej się od pewnego dżentelmena z fajką i szkłem powiększającym.
Ziemska czy niebiańska? Wizja miłości u Cypriana Kamila Norwida i Sørena Kierkegaarda
Authors: Walczak Maria , Krogulska Aleksandra
Published: February 2020

Søren Kierkegaard i Cyprian Kamil Norwid nie należą do często zestawianych ze sobą twórców. Jednak ich wizje miłości mają wiele wspólnych cech. Odwołują się do konwencjonalnych przejawów tego uczucia: aktu zaręczyn i małżeństwa. Krytykują złudność i niedoskonałość „miłości ziemskiej”. Wskazują na duchowy wymiar tego uczucia oraz możliwość miłości przy dążeniu ku boskiemu wymiarowi.
Proza Jerzego Andrzejewskiego a nouveau roman
Authors: Kowalska Magdalena
Published: February 2020

Hipotezą badawczą, na której opiera się artykuł jest stwierdzenie, iż w twórczości Jerzego Andrzejewskiego można dostrzec wpływy/refl eksy nowej powieści francuskiej. Wychodząc od próby powiązania biografi i pisarza z jego twórczością, spróbuję wskazać takie cechy niektórych utworów Andrzejewskiego (między innymi Bram raju oraz Miazgi), które pozwolą na wyodrębnienie paraleli pomiędzy poetyką tychże dzieł a stylem wypracowanym przez autorów nouveau roman.
European Glass Context 2012 – sztuka szkła w Europie
Authors: Kwiatkowska Ewelina
Published: February 2020

Już po raz drugi na wyspie Bornholm w Danii odbył się European Glass Contex 2012 będący częścią sympozjum poświęconemu współczesnej sztuce szkła i ceramiki. Co dwa lata odbywają się wymiennie European Glass Context oraz European Ceramic Context, które są jednymi z bardziej liczących się przeglądów tych sztuk. Tegoroczne wydarzenie skupiło się przede wszystkim na dwóch wystawach głównych – Europejskie Szkło Artystyczne i Nowy Talent – w których wzięło udział 96 artystów z 28 krajów Europy. Z Polski do udziału zostały zaproszone cztery artystki: Barbara Idzikowska, Monika Rubaniuk (kategoria: Artyści Szkła) oraz Patrycja Dubiel i Marzena Krzemińska (kategoria: Nowy Talent). Program European Glass Context był bardzo rozbudowany (warsztaty, seminarium, konferencja naukowa) którego tematem przewodnim było 50 lecie ruchu Studio Glass powstałego w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Organizatorzy pragnęli poddać rozważaniom aktualną kondycję sztuki szklanej materii, w jaki sposób zmieniała się na przestrzeni lat i co ważniejsze, czy szkło znalazło swoich odbiorców? European Glass Context jest wydarzeniem, które pomaga w odpowiedzi na postawione powyżej pytania. Daje możliwość skonfrontowania  różnych postaw artystycznych w jednym czasie, w jednym miejscu.
W odmęcie walki prawa z bezprawiem* – rola adwokata w postępowaniu sądowym
Authors: Chudziński Bartosz
Published: February 2020

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie zawodu adwokata w kontekście idei towarzyszących ustanowieniu tej profesji oraz jej praktycznego zastosowania. Zarysowując dzieje adwokatury, autor stara się przybliżyć zadania i obowiązki jakim musi sprostać adwokat reprezentując klienta w postępowaniu sądowym. Duży nacisk położony zostaje na wymogi etyczno- moralne towarzyszące kontaktom z klientem. Autor stanowczo sprzeciwia się pojawiającym się w świadomości społecznej negatywnym wyobrażeniom o członkach palestry.
Zmierzch bogów – o zasadności likwidacji habilitacji i profesury w Polsce i krajach europejskich
Authors: Błaszczyński Kamil
Published: February 2020

Niniejszy tekst ma za zadanie wprowadzić czytelnika w historyczny i współczesny kontekst toczącej się debaty dotyczącej stopni i tytułów naukowych. Po krótkim wstępie wprowadzającym, pokazującym proces ich tworzenia na przestrzeni wieków, przedstawiam polski system promocji uczonych. Przedstawiam dwa główne stanowiska ideologiczne powstałe w wyniku podniesienia interesującego mnie problemu, dzielące środowisko uczonych na obóz liberalny i konserwatywny. Uzupełniam go wątkiem o Deklaracji Bolońskiej, której zamierzeniem była reforma szkolnictwa wyższego w Europie, w tym interesującego mnie ładu akademickiego. W oparciu o artykuły zamieszczane w Internecie, przybliżam również argumentację dwóch stron jakie wyklarowały się w toku obserwacji i partycypacji w rozpatrywanym niżej problemie. Następnie przedstawiam pokrótce własne stanowisko, które nie tyle przyjmuje wartość arbitralną, co jest jednym z głosów w dyskusji. Celem artykułu jest skłonienie do refl eksji osób wiążących swoją przyszłość ze światem nauki.
Przedmiot prawa autorskiego w doktrynie i orzecznictwie sądów polskich
Authors: Chudziński Bartosz
Published: February 2020

Zamierzeniem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza pojęcia utworu w rozumieniu ustawy o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych. W tym celu Autor  omawia poszczególne przesłanki utworu z naciskiem na ich interpretację doktrynie i orzecznictwie. Scharakteryzowane zostają także wzajemne relacje zachodzące pomiędzy utworami pierwotnymi a stworzonymi na ich podstawie opracowaniami. Omówione zostaje także orzeczenie dotyczące plagiatu i związanej z nim „twórczości paralelnej”. Konkludując rozważania Autor wyraża aprobatę dla obecnej linii orzeczniczej sądów polskich.
Twórczość jako umiejętność wyjątkowa i powszechna:z naciskiem na zakres skojarzeń
Authors: Osowiecka Małgorzata
Published: February 2020

Umiejętność dokonywania dalekich i oryginalnych skojarzeń (asocjacji) jest niezbędna w powstawaniu twórczych pomysłów. Jest to jednak obszar niedostatecznie opisywany i eksplorowany. W niniejszym artykule podjęłam więc próbę uwypuklenia wagi procesów asocjacyjnych w twórczym generowaniu pomysłów. Zaczęłam od przeglądu teorii leżącej u podstaw zajmowania się twórczością w psychologii w ogóle. Następnie skupiłam się na ujęciu egalitarnym, według którego twórczość jest uniwersalną cechą przypisaną każdemu człowiekowi. Na kanwie obserwacji własnych opisałam i przeanalizowałam wagę dalekich skojarzeń w procesie twórczego rozwiązywania problemów, zarówno indywidualnie, jak i grupowo. Na koniec odpowiedziałam na pytanie, w jaki sposób rozwĳać twórczość.
Zmiana kręgu spadkobierców – implikacje dla postępowania cywilnego i podatkowego
Authors: Hnatów Anna
Published: February 2020

Zmiana kręgu spadkobierców wywołuje konsekwencje nie tylko w prawie cywilnym, ale także w postępowaniu cywilnym oraz postępowaniu podatkowym. W artykule starano się przedstawić powyższe konsekwencje, w szczególności w postępowaniu z art. 679 KPC oraz postępowaniu podatkowym w przedmiocie ustalenia podatku od spadków i darowizn.
Konsekwencje globalistycznego modelu nauki
Authors: Błaszczyński Kamil
Published: February 2020

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest opis i wyjaśnienie idei globalistycznej nauki oraz stosunkowo nowego zjawiska jakim jest globalna nauka. Następnie opis i wyjaśnienie procesu  implementacji oraz ukonstytuowania się globalistycznej idei nauki oraz globalnego modelu nauki (GMN) w Polsce i na świecie. Opis uzupełniony jest o konsekwencje dominacji GMN dla funkcjonowania polskiego szkolnictwa wyższego. Ostatnim celem jest opis i wyjaśnienie procesu stratyfi kacji uczonych w skali lokalnej oraz globalnej. Narracja artykułu osadzona będzie na tle teoretycznym paradygmatu strukturalnego funkcjonalizmu oraz teorii konfliktu.