bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The sexual behaviors of young Polish women and their knowledge about contraception
Authors: Firsiuk Klaudia , Chachaj Weronika , Maciocha Agnieszka , Drogoń Justyna , Wdowiak Krystian , Gendek Karolina , Kos Marek
Published: October 2024

Introduction. With the increasing trend of early sexual activity among adolescents, contraception has become a crucial topic. Poland ranks last in the Contraceptive Atlas, as the country with the poorest access to contraception methods and information. This results in a low level of contraceptive knowledge among young people, leading to unintended pregnancies and sexually
transmitted infections. Adequate sexual education is a key element in promoting sexual health, enabling informed contraceptive choices based on medical knowledge. The responsibility for sexual education lies not only with parents but also with educators, pedagogues, doctors, and governmental bodies.
Aim. To assess knowledge about contraception and investigate the sexual behaviors of women aged 15-25, comparing the results with available literature and indicating possible preventive actions in the studied area.
Material and methods. An anonymous electronic survey was conducted among women aged 15-25 from across Poland. The survey was distributed on various internet groups, primarily comprising students. It included closed-ended questions verifying knowledge of the topic under study and a demographic section. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Statistica and
Microsoft Excel.
Results. The average age of sexual initiation among respondents was 17.84±1.96 years, with one-third of them yet to engage in sexual activity. The majority of respondents (58%) had 1 to 3 sexual partners, and with increasing age and education level, the percentage of those with a higher number of sexual partners increased. The most popular contraceptive methods among respondents were barrier methods, combined oral contraceptive pills, and a combination of barrier and hormonal methods. The main sources of contraceptive information for the respondents were the internet, gynecologists, and scientific literature. Almost all respondents were aware of the definition of contraception, but only half were aware of the Pearl Index. Less than half of the respondents could identify the most effective contraceptive method, while almost all correctly identified the least effective method. The knowledge of the majority of respondents was assessed as moderate, good, or very good.
Conclusions. Despite the generally good knowledge of contraception among the majority of respondents, there are still gaps that need to be filled. Due to the progressively decreasing age of sexual initiation, education on contraception is a priority that will help reduce the number of unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases in the future.
Co-producing SCPHN School Nursing programmes: Engaging children and young people
Authors: Hayward Melanie
Published: October 2024

Involving children and young people in their care is essential to ensure that health services meet their needs; however, this should also be done in higher education at the curricula development level. Melanie Hayward, Associate Professor of Education (Health and Social Care) at Buckinghamshire New University and chair of the National Association of School Nurse Academics (NASNA) explains
Respiratory syncytial virus: Understanding the patient journey and healthcare burden
Authors: Carroll Will , Adams Elizabeth , Evans Kath , Holmes Steve , Carreno Mariana
Published: October 2024

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants in the United Kingdom (UK), contributing to a significant burden of disease for the healthcare system and healthcare professionals (HCPs). To understand how an infant with RSV can impact the various levels of the healthcare system, we explore the patients' and caregivers' experiences through the system using available literature, which was supplemented through interviews with two separate caregivers of infants with a previous diagnosis of RSV disease.

In the UK, most infants (~60%) will have experienced an RSV infection by their first birthday. Of these, some will require multiple healthcare encounters, including hospitalisations and admission to paediatric intensive care units. The burden of RSV disease extends beyond the healthcare system, with a substantial impact on the caregivers of affected infants.
The forgotten frontline: Unveiling the realities of school and public health nursing
Authors: Sutton Sallyann
Published: October 2024

School nurses provide a crucial public health service to school-aged children and young people. However, with increasing health needs in this population and dwindling numbers of school nurses, provision is patchy. Sallyann Sutton, interim professional officer reports on the results of SAPHNA's recent workforce survey and the campaign for more school nurses.
Lumbosacral rotation flap: a simple method for covering sacral pressure injuries
Authors: Dogra Shavinder , Menon Govind , Husain Jafar , Anand Sunil
Published: October 2024

Background:

Pressure injuries (PIs) are among the most common skin and soft tissue wounds occurring in patients who are bedbound and/or immobile. PI management hinges on their prevention; however, reoccurrence poses a challenge to their management and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Here, the authors describe a lumbosacral rotation flap (LSRF) for the coverage of sacral PIs.

Method:

A single-centre, retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was carried out. All patients undergoing LSRF for sacral PIs were included. Patients with active systemic sepsis, immune compromise, hepatic or renal dysfunction were excluded. All patients underwent preoperative optimisation and wound cultures to direct antibiotic therapy after surgery.

Results:

A total of nine patients underwent the procedure (seven male and two female). Mean age was 47.6 years with a mean ulcer size of 92.9 cm2. Bone biopsy indicated the presence of osteomyelitis in three patients. Of the LSRFs, two flaps showed minimal local complications in the form of marginal flap necrosis which was managed conservatively. All flaps healed well with no cases of flap loss or the need for secondary procedures.

Conclusion:

The results of this analysis showed that LSRF can be considered a first line of treatment of sacral PIs. They can be used to cover large defects. Due to their large base and flap size, readvancement in cases of recurrence is also possible.
Real and Simulated Performance Assessment and Tilt Optimization of 5 MW Solar PV Plant Operating Under Tropical Climate of an Indian Island
Authors: Mishra Pushp Rai , Kumar C. H. Kiran
Published: October 2024

A comprehensive analysis conducted to evaluate thereal and simulated performance of a 5 MWp solar PV plant in installed in an Island of India. The average daily solar radiation ranged from 3.68 kWh/m2 in July to 6.88 kWh/m2 in March, with an annual average of 4.92 kWh/m2. Temperature data showed consistent trends throughout the year, with monthly averages ranging from 26.0∘C to 32.1∘C. Regarding electricity production, real data of the PV plant ranged from 13.51 MWh in October to 27.22 MWh in March, with simulated values showing similar trends. The performance ratio (PR) varied seasonally, with real PR ranging from 54.7% to 92.9% and simulation software predicting values above 73.8%. Additionally, capacity utilization factor (CUF) values fluctuated throughout the year, with real values ranging from 11.3% to 22.7% and simulations showing similar trends. The optimum tilt for the solar PV system was investigated estimating energy production at different panel tilt angle ranging from 0 to 26∘C. The maximum energy production was found at 15 degrees due to maximum solar radiation. The study helps in identifying suitable locations for solar PV projects in tropical climates, with its simulation approach applicable to similar climates worldwide.
Forecasting of Solar Irradiation Based on the Deep Learning Model Using Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition Technique
Authors: Gupta Anuj
Published: October 2024

Since solar energy plants have been developing so quickly in recent years, accurate solar power forecasting plays a significant role in contemporary intelligent grid systems and setup a bilateral contract negotiation between suppliers and customers. This paper introduces a novel three-step method for predicting two-channel solar irradiance that combines cutting-edge techniques like Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory, Wasserstein Generative adversarial Networks and Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with adaptive noise. This methodology that is being suggested involves a framework of decomposition integration which allows for the effective isolation of the solar output signal into sub-sequences that are simple and can be differentiated based on their unique frequency disparities. This is achieved after the subsequences have been separated, and then they are subjected to individual prediction models. The high subsequences are predicted using the WGAN model, while the low subsequences are forecasted using the Bi-LSTM model. This approach ensures the specific characteristics of each subsequence are captured in the prediction process. The experimental result shows that the proposed model surpasses the performance of the suboptimal model in terms of evaluation metrics: RMSE, MAPE and R2. Compared to the suboptimal model, the RMSE, MAPE of all seasons
Feasibility Analysis of a Novel High-Production Saltworks Powered by Renewable Energy: An Indonesian Case Study
Authors: Efendy Makhfud , Wahyu Fiki Milatul , Amir Nizar , Gozan Misri
Published: October 2024

This research introduces an innovative solution combining wind-aided intensified evaporation (WAIV) technology with tunnel systems integrating renewable energy sources in salt production. The objective is to facilitate year-round salt production, regardless of unfavorable weather conditions. The study encompassed five Indonesian regions: Sampang, Indramayu, Pati, Bima, and Kupang. It employs a comprehensive analysis covering technical, economic, and environmental aspects. The results demonstrate that the proposed concepts can significantly enhance salt production. Feasibility indicators are positive across all regions, affirming the viability of implementing this concept successfully. Extensive sensitivity analyses were conducted, adjusting critical variables such as salt pricing to assess project feasibility.
Allocation of National Energy Saving Target to Provinces for Vietnam Using Cluster Analysis Method
Authors: Van Chau Dinh , Trung Kien Duong , Dat Minh Nguyen
Published: October 2024

Vietnam government has adopted a series solutions and policies to improve energy efficiency to meet the national energy efficiency target of period 2019–2030. The Vietnam’s provinces will act as main actor for the national achievement of energy efficiency. Thus, understanding the province’s potentiality of energy efficiency is useful for the harmonious and sustainable development between the economy and energy systems as well as for finding the best way of allocating energy saving target to each province. Based on the difference of GDP development and energy consumption levels, the target of energy efficiency for each province through clustering is set. The provinces of Vietnam clustered into 7 groups by using clustering method. The results show that 33 provinces included in the cluster 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 should burden a heavy contribution of energy saving. Among them, the provinces in the cluster 2 and 3 need to focus on improvement of energy saving in the industry sector. The cluster 7 included the under-developed provinces can learn development’s experiences of the provinces in the cluster 1, 2, 3 and 4 to find the best way of their future development. The objective of this study is to clarify and provide a comprehensive target for energy saving allocation at provincial level of Vietnam.
Modeling and Energy Flow Calculation of Integrated Energy System Based on Partial Differential Equation Model
Authors: Xu Xiaofeng
Published: October 2024

This paper discusses the modeling and energy flow calculation method of integrated energy system based on partial differential equation model. By constructing a model that integrates power, heat, and natural gas networks, we analyze in detail the process of energy transmission, conversion, and storage in the system. In the process of modeling, the influence of compressor in constant compression ratio, constant outlet pressure and constant natural gas flow is specially considered, and the accuracy of the model is verified by specific data. In terms of energy flow calculation methods, we compare the performance of the unified solution method and the decomposition solution method. Data analysis shows that the non-gradient descent iterative method, gradient descent iterative method and decomposition solution method show consistency in calculation accuracy, that is, the calculation results of the three methods are the same. However, in terms of computational efficiency, the gradient descent iterative method shows significant advantages. Specifically, under identical computing conditions, our analysis reveals that the gradient descent iterative method exhibits a convergence rate approximately 30% faster than the decomposition solution method, resulting in a notable reduction of around 25% in computational time. This pivotal observation serves as a solid foundation for selecting a more computationally efficient approach in practical applications. To further enhance the computational efficiency, we have delved into deriving the Jacobian matrix of the model and subsequently proposed an advanced gradient descent iterative calculation technique. Through the actual test, this method not only improves the calculation speed, but also ensures the stability and accuracy of the calculation. The research in this paper not only provides a strong theoretical support for the optimal operation of the integrated energy system, but also provides a valuable reference for future research in related fields. Through specific data analysis, we prove the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method, laying a solid foundation for the sustainable development of integrated energy systems.
Uncertain Solidarities: The Politics of an Impartial Human Rights Stance in Occupied Palestine
Authors: Elce Bethany
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Protective accompaniment is a non-violent intervention strategy used by international civil society organisations working in the occupied Palestinian territories. This article explores one accompaniment organisation's discourse and practice of human rights based impartiality. Firstly, the universalising rhetoric of human rights is shown to be a strategic device which acts to obscure the specifics of a mission to protect Palestinian subjects. Secondly, examining accompaniment as praxis in the West Bank, a 'non-partisan' stance is shown to result in an embodied and ideological withdrawal from those being accompanied. Despite Palestinian calls for international support which commits to physically and ideologically being 'with the people', it is argued there are significant limits to accompaniment's potential to support the struggle against settler-colonialism.
Design and implementation of broadband optical vortices in photonic crystal slabs
Authors: Xu Ke , Liu Miao , Chen Fujia , Feng Jian , Wang Chao , Deng Xuesong , Fang Ming , Huang Zhixiang
Published: October 2024

We propose and discuss a simple method to generate broadband optical vortices, utilizing the inherent topological vortex structures of polarization around bound states in the continuum supported by a photonic crystal slab in the momentum space to induce the generation of vortex beams. Since the proposed structure is composed of silicon pillars arranged periodically, it lacks a true optical geometric center. It is insensitive to the position of the incident light and does not require a specific optical alignment process compared to traditional spiral phase plates. Furthermore, because it is composed of dielectric pillars, it can achieve vortex beam generation at any desired working wavelength. We also discuss the robustness of its structure, showing that it can be immune to certain manufacturing defects. Therefore, the proposed structure not only provides a new method for manipulating the angular momentum of photons but also has potential new applications in integrated optical information processing and optical tweezers.
Dual-band transmittance defogging model
Authors: Duan Jin , Guo Peiren , Mo Suxin , Wang Jialin , Yang Xu , Zang Xinming , Zhu Wenbo
Published: October 2024

The fusion of shortwave infrared (SWIR) and visible light has emerged in recent years as an effective technique for image defogging. However, in some dense fog scenes, even this fusion method does not achieve significant defogging effects. Some researchers have attempted to apply atmospheric scattering models for defogging fusion images; overlooked is the fact that this model has a key a priori assumption: “the transmittance in the visible light band is assumed to be a constant value.” The limitation of this assumption does not apply to multi-band fusion images. Addressing the issue of the model’s inapplicability, this paper proposes a dual-band defogging model. First, fusion weights are calculated based on gradient and saturation to generate the fusion image. Subsequently, we calculate the transmittance for each band separately and combine it with the fusion weights to generate the overall weighted transmittance. Compared to the model that generates transmittance from fusion images, the proposed transmittance can better display details in hazy areas and perform well when processing the foreground. The proposed model was compared with three single-band transmittance models and eight shortwave infrared fusion algorithms, proving the effectiveness of the proposed model in subjective visual and objective no-reference image quality assessment (NR-IQA).
Numerical study of a tapered fiber magnetic field sensor based on the ENZ mode
Authors: Wang Chuang , Wei Xian , Yun Ling , Hu Ertao , Liu Chunxiao , Zheng Jiajin , Zhang Zuxing , Yu Kehan , Wei Wei
Published: October 2024

This study introduces what we believe to be a novel magnetic field sensor that utilizes a tapered optical fiber coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), operating on an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) mode. The evanescent field around the tapered optical fiber can excite the ENZ mode of the ITO film, and the TiO2 layer can ensure the phase matching between the fiber core mode and the ENZ mode. The sensor, immersed in magnetic fluid, leverages the unique properties of ENZ materials to achieve a high sensitivity and resolution in the near-infrared (NIR) region. Through a simulation, the sensor demonstrated a maximum sensitivity of 6900 nm/RIU and a magnetic field sensitivity of 370 pm/Oe. The findings suggest that ENZ mode-based optic sensing presents a promising alternative to traditional plasmonic sensing methods, offering potential applications in various fields requiring precise magnetic field measurements.
Interaction between laser phase-locking and laser pointing for a space gravitational wave interferometer
Authors: Li Haojie , Cui Zhao , Liang Xindong , Wang Yikun , Wang Guoqing , Han Chenhao , Lin Chenghan , Jia Jianjun , Qi Hongxing , Shen Jiayi , Wang Jianyu
Published: October 2024

We have conducted both theoretical and experimental investigations into the interaction between laser phase-locking and laser pointing techniques, which are crucial for space gravitational wave detection missions. Both techniques are essential for minimizing phase noise in the space interferometer, as the laser phase is the carrier of gravitational wave information. Introducing phase noise from either technique can significantly degrade the mission’s performance. To date, both techniques have been studied independently. Our research reveals the interaction that the laser phase-locking technique is sensitive to the laser pointing technique. The laser phase-locking technique suppresses one phase information from the quadrant photo diode (QPD) and disrupts the differential wave sensing (DWS) function for the laser pointing technique. Such circumstances indicate a need for re-evaluation of the current designs for both techniques.
Normalizing junk food: The frequency and reach of posts related to food and beverage brands on social media
Authors: Potvin Kent Monique , Pritchard Meghan , Mulligan Christine , Remedios Lauren
Published: October 2024

Food and beverage marketing on social media contributes to poor diet quality and health outcomes for youth, given their vulnerability to marketing’s effects and frequent use of social media. This study benchmarked the reach and frequency of earned and paid media posts, an understudied social media marketing strategy, of food brands frequently targeting Canadian youth. The 40 food brands with the highest brand shares in Canada between 2015 and 2020 from frequently marketed food categories were determined using Euromonitor data. Digital media engagement data from 2020 were licensed from Brandwatch, a social intelligence platform, to analyze the frequency and reach of brand-related posts on Twitter, Reddit, Tumblr, and YouTube. The 40 food brands were mentioned on Twitter, Reddit, Tumblr, and YouTube a total of 16.85M times, reaching an estimated 42.24B users in 2020. The food categories with the most posts and reach were fast food restaurants (60.5% of posts, 58.1% of total reach) and sugar sweetened beverages (29.3% of posts, 37.9% of total reach). More men mentioned (2.77M posts) and were reached (6.88B users) by the food brands compared to women (2.47M posts, 5.51B users reached). The food and beverage brands (anonymized), with the most posts were fast food restaurant 2 (26.5% of the total posts), soft drink 2 (10.4% of the total posts), and fast food restaurant 6 (10.1% of the total posts). In terms of reach, the top brands were fast food restaurant 2 (33.1% of the total reach), soft drink 1 (18.1% of the total reach), and fast food restaurant 6 (12.2% of the total reach). There is a high number of posts on social media related to food and beverage brands that are popular among children and adolescents, primarily for unhealthy food categories and certain brands. The conversations online surrounding these brands contribute to the normalization of unhealthy food and beverage intake. Given the popularity of social media use amongst of children and adolescents, policies aiming to protect these vulnerable groups need to include the digital food environment.
A One Health approach to pastoral (im)mobility, health, and disease: A qualitative participatory study in Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Braam Dorien Hanneke , Bolajoko Muhammad-Bashir , Hammer Charlotte C.
Published: October 2024

In Plateau State, pastoralism has historically been a cost effective and resilient economic system well-suited to the ecological context. However, changes in land use and conflict have increasingly changed patterns of mobility. Pastoralist movement is now often associated with zoonotic disease transmission, environmental degradation and conflict, increasingly resulting in forced sedentarisation. Rather than a direct outcome of population movement however, animal, human and zoonotic disease drivers are complex and influenced by a range of socio-economic and environmental factors. The interlinkages of (im)mobility and health requires better understanding of underlying vulnerabilities to disease, which we aim to address in this study. Using a multisite case study methodology we investigated pastoralists’ animal and human health concerns and priorities in Plateau State, Nigeria. We deployed participatory tools, including open-ended Focus Group Discussions, transect walks, mapping exercises, calendars and matrices. Data were analysed using a One Health conceptual framework. We interviewed 105 participants, from transhumance, migratory and sedentary households, dependent on livestock and small-scale crops. While transhumance was often preferred, participants had become sedentary as a result of insecurity, loss in livestock, and household characteristics. Humans and animals suffered from several endemic diseases, including zoonoses, however veterinary and human health services are only available in larger towns, and people mostly rely on community (animal) health workers and self-medication. Both transhumance and sedentary livestock keepers face challenges around forage grazing, regularly blocked by landowners, sometimes escalating into conflict. While conflict and changes in land use affected animal and human disease patterns, underlying political, social and economic risk factors were important determinants of health. There is a need for more inclusive, transdisciplinary, multilevel approaches to address animal and human disease, based on better contextualization of the challenges, through the participation of affected communities.
The comparison of comprehensive sexuality education knowledge and attitudes in CSE-exposed and CSE-naïve non-formal settings in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: ADELEKAN Babatunde , SOMEFUN Esther , KAREEM Olushola , IBRAHIM Oladimeji , WELYE Hamira , SAGEER Rabiatu , GOLDSON Erika , UMAR Rashidat , SEKONI Adekemi Oluwayemisi
Published: October 2024

This study compared the sexual reproductive health and rights related knowledge and attitudes towards inclusive gender norms among students in comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) exposed and naïve technical and vocational centers in Lagos state, Nigeria. It also explored the benefits of teaching and learning about CSE from exposed students and their instructors. A mixed-method research design was used. The study population comprised of students 15–24 years of age attending technical and vocational centers in Lagos State and instructors in CSE-exposed centres. Sample size of 450 per group was calculated. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire; focus group discussions and key informant interviews were used for data collection. Quantitative data was analyzed at p<0.05; coding and thematic analysis of qualitative data was followed by integration and of the findings; and interpreted using the information-motivation-behavioural skills model. Students in CSE-exposed schools had statistically significantly higher SRHR-related knowledge scores and positive attitudes towards inclusive gender norms. The CSE training improved the educational knowledge and teaching modalities of the instructors. The adolescents had increased knowledge, acquired behavioural skills, and changed certain behaviors. The SRHR-related benefits extended to their siblings and friends. This study contributes to the knowledge available on the benefits of CSE for young people in non-formal settings in Nigeria. It revealed that CSE training benefits not only the students but also their instructors, who reported acquisition of new teaching skills and improved parenting skills. The study findings suggest that the integration of CSE into non-formal educational settings could improve the SRHR- related knowledge among young people, promote inclusive gender norms and potentially contribute to improved SRH outcomes and related SDGs in Nigeria.
Safety and tolerability of tegoprubart in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A Phase 2A clinical trial
Authors: Perrin Steven , Ladha Shafeeq , Maragakis Nicholas , Rivner Michael H. , Katz Jonathan , Genge Angela , Olney Nicholas , Lange Dale , Heitzman Daragh , Bodkin Cynthia , Jawdat Omar , Goyal Namita A. , Bornstein Jeffrey D. , Mak Carmen , Appel Stanley H. , Paganoni Sabrina
Published: October 2024

Background

The interaction of CD40L and its receptor CD40 on activated T cells and B cells respectively control pro-inflammatory activation in the pathophysiology of autoimmunity and transplant rejection. Previous studies have implicated signaling pathways involving CD40L (interchangeably referred to as CD154), as well as adaptive and innate immune cell activation, in the induction of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, and impact on pro-inflammatory biomarker profiles of an anti CD40L antibody, tegoprubart, in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Methods and findings

In this multicenter dose-escalating open-label Phase 2A study, 54 participants with a diagnosis of ALS received 6 infusions of tegoprubart administered intravenously every 2 weeks. The study was comprised of 4 dose cohorts: 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg, and 8 mg/kg. The primary endpoint of the study was safety and tolerability. Exploratory endpoints assessed the pharmacokinetics of tegoprubart as well as anti-drug antibody (ADA) responses, changes in disease progression utilizing the Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R), CD154 target engagement, changes in pro-inflammatory biomarkers, and neurofilament light chain (NFL).

Seventy subjects were screened, and 54 subjects were enrolled in the study. Forty-nine of 54 subjects completed the study (90.7%) receiving all 6 infusions of tegoprubart and completing their final follow-up visit. The most common treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) overall (>10%) were fatigue (25.9%), falls (22.2%), headaches (20.4%), and muscle spasms (11.1%). Mean tegoprubart plasma concentrations increased proportionally with increasing dose with a half-life of approximately 24 days. ADA titers were low and circulating levels of tegoprubart were as predicted for all cohorts. Tegoprubart demonstrated dose dependent target engagement associated and a reduction in 18 pro-inflammatory biomarkers in circulation.

Conclusions

Tegoprubart appeared to be safe and well tolerated in adults with ALS demonstrating dose-dependent reduction in pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines associated with ALS. These results warrant further clinical studies with sufficient power and duration to assess clinical outcomes as a potential treatment for adults with ALS.

Trial registration

Clintrials.gov ID:NCT04322149.
Exploring the nexus between university sustainability practices and academic performance: An empirical analysis of the QS sustainability ranking and four world university rankings
Authors: Irungu Ruth Wanjiru , Liu Zhimin
Published: October 2024

Universities, as agents of change, are expected to contribute to society’s most pressing challenges, particularly the 21st century’s central issue of sustainability. Amid growing expectations from governments, society, and an increasingly conscientious student body, universities have undergone significant institutional adjustments to incorporate sustainability into their core missions of education, research, and outreach. As universities worldwide increasingly engage in sustainability practices, the question arises: How do these sustainability endeavours correlate with academic performance on a global scale? This article, using data from the QS Sustainability Ranking and four prominent academic ranking (THEWUR, ARWU, QSWUR and USWUR), investigates this link. The study explores whether sustainability relates to the academic performance of universities, the validity of the relationship when academic scores of the four rankings are aggregated, and its dependence on country-level sustainability performance scores. Findings reveal that sustainability practices have a reflection on the university rankings, providing a global competitive advantage for universities. While this study incorporates aggregated scores as a methodological innovation addressing the lack of uniformity among ranking systems, it recommends the inclusion of university-level control variables (such as faculty expertise, university budget, infrastructure) and government and policy variables in future studies to ensure robustness of the results.
Harnessing Limestone powder to enhance the thermal crack resistance of manufactured sand
Authors: Liu Xinting , Xin Jianda , Liu Ying , Xiong Zhihao , Li Yangbo
Published: October 2024

Manufactured sand concrete (MSC) has increasingly applied in engineering. However, how to enhance the thermal crack resistance of MSC has not clearly studied yet, which limits the wide applications of manufactured sand in engineering. We have adopted the method of mixing limestone powder (LP) to make MSC with four mass fractions (wt.%) of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of LP content, designed the mix proportion of concrete, tested their mechanical properties, observed their microstructure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and investigated the effect of LP on anti-cracking performance using temperature stress testing machine (TSTM). These findings reveal that the mechanical properties and thermal crack resistance of 15% LP MSC are the best. Our results also provide a research basis for the MSC to be widely used in engineering.
Heart rate variability analysis for the prediction of pre-arousal during propofol-remifentanil general anaesthesia: A feasibility study
Authors: Wojtanowski Anne , Hureau Maxence , Ternynck Camille , Tavernier Benoit , Jeanne Mathieu , de Jonckheere Julien
Published: October 2024

Accidental awareness during general anaesthesia is a major complication. Despite the routine use of continuous electroencephalographic monitoring, accidental awareness during general anaesthesia remains relatively frequent and constitutes a significant additional cost. The prediction of patients’ arousal during general anaesthesia could help preventing accidental awareness and some researchers have suggested that heart rate variability (HRV) analysis contains valuable information about the patient arousal during general anaesthesia. We conducted pilot study to investigate HRV ability to detect patient arousal. RR series and the Bispectral IndexTM (BISTM) were recorded during general anaesthesia. The pre-arousal period T0 was defined as the time at which the BISTM exceeded 60 at the end of surgery. HRV parameters were computed over several time periods before and after T0 and classified as “BISTM<60” or “BISTM≥60”. A multivariate logistic regression model and a classification and regression tree algorithm were used to evaluate the HRV variables’ ability to detect “BISTM≥60”. All the models gave high specificity but poor sensitivity. Excluding T0 from the classification increased the sensitivity for all the models and gave AUCROC>0.7. In conclusion, we found that HRV analysis provided encouraging results to predict arousal at the end of general anaesthesia.
Listening to children with lower limb loss: Rationale, design, and protocol for delivery of a novel globally applicable research toolkit—Prosthetic user needs, quality of life, pain, and physical function
Authors: Edgar Caitlin E. , Ghidini Claudia , Heang Thearith , Favier Clement D. , Gerrand Craig H. , Furtado Sherron H. , Mayhew Emily R. , Kheng Sisary , Abu-Sittah Ghassan S. , Bull Anthony M. J.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Rehabilitation after childhood lower limb loss is complex and dependent on multiple stakeholders and environmental factors. While research with adults underscores the importance of involving prosthetic limb users and caregivers in discussions to drive innovation, children are often excluded or not effectively engaged. This protocol lays out the development and implementation protocol for an internationally applicable research toolkit which has been designed and evaluated around the essential presence of the child. Research domains span their unique prosthetic needs, quality of life, pain, and mobility.

Methods and analysis

Cohorts of children in contrasting environments were identified (Cambodia, Gaza Strip, and the UK) to provide a comprehensive global understanding of the child with lower limb loss. A literature review revealed a lack of appropriate tools for identifying paediatric prosthetic user requirements leading to the development of novel interview guides for each key stakeholder: child, caregiver, and prosthetist. The child’s guide centred around enjoyment and engagement using card games and activities. A panel of experts in paediatric limb loss and mental health rigorously reviewed the guides. Guides were integrated with existing validated measures for quality of life, pain, and mobility to form a comprehensive toolkit. The toolkit was successfully piloted with 5 children, their families, and 2 prosthetists.

This protocol lays out the toolkit rationale and implementation plan (Jan 2023 to Dec 2025). This work offers the opportunity for this cohort to enjoyably engage with research that seeks to radically improve prospects for all children living with limb loss. The outlined best practices ensure ethical considerations when working with vulnerable cohorts.

Ethics and dissemination

This study is approved to cover implementation at all geographical locations as well as the researcher institutions. Results will be disseminated through national and international conferences, as well as through manuscripts in leading peer-reviewed journals.
Interrelationships of cervical spine sagittal alignment and whole spinopelvic alignment under implications of musculoskeletal health among independent elderly women in Taiwan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Yu Tzai-Chiu , Wu Wen-Tien , Lee Ru-Ping , Chen Ing-Ho , Wang Jen-Hung , Wen Shu-Hui , Yeh Kuang-Ting
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Older women are at increased risk of spinal misalignment and its associated complications. This study investigated the influence of age, grip strength, and various sagittal spinal parameters on spinal alignment. The results indicate the need for comprehensive management strategies.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 200 older women who underwent bone health evaluations at the orthopedic department of a hospital. The study participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, grip strength measurement, and full-length spine radiography. Clinical and radiographic parameters were analyzed through Pearson correlation and linear regression analyses.

Results

Significant correlations were identified between grip strength and spinal parameters such as C7 slope and global tilt, indicating that muscle strength affects spinal alignment. Advanced age was associated with changes in sagittal spinal parameters, indicating that changes occur in body compensation over time. Furthermore, pelvic parameters such as pelvic tilt and sacral slope were significantly correlated with spinal curvature, indicating their critical roles in maintaining spinal stability.

Conclusions

This study revealed the critical roles of muscle strength and pelvic alignment in the management of spinal health in older women with low bone mass. Targeted interventions for increasing muscle strength, correcting posture, and achieving hormonal balance can notably improve spinal stability and reduce the risk of associated complications. Longitudinal studies should be conducted to validate and refine the intervention strategies and to extend the study findings.
Detecting the impact of diagnostic procedures in Pap-positive women on anxiety using artificial neural networks
Authors: Ilic Irena , Babic Goran , Dimitrijevic Aleksandra , Grujicic Sandra Sipetic , Jakovljevic Vladimir , Macuzic Ivana Zivanovic , Ilic Milena
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Women who receive a result of an abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) smear can fail to participate in follow up procedures, and this is often due to anxiety. This study aimed to apply artificial neural networks (ANN) in prediction of anxiety in women with an abnormal Pap smear test, prior to and following diagnostic procedures.

Methods

One hundred-seventy two women who received an abnormal Pap screening result took part in this study, completing a questionnaire about socio-demographic characteristics and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), right before and two to four weeks after diagnostics (i.e. colposcopy/biopsy/endocervical curettage). A feedforward back-propagation multilayer perceptron model was applied in analysis.

Results

Prior to diagnostic procedures 50.0% of women experienced anxiety, while after diagnostics anxiety was present in 61.6% of women. The correlation-based feature selection showed that anxiety prior to diagnostic procedures was associated with the use of sedatives, worry score, depression score, and score for concern about health consequences. For anxiety following diagnostics, predictors included rural place of residence, depression score, history of spontaneous abortion, and score for tension and discomfort during colposcopy. The ANN models yielded highly accurate anxiety prediction both prior and after diagnostics, 76.47% and 85.30%, respectively.

Conclusion

The presented findings can aid in identification of those women with a positive Pap screening test who could develop anxiety and thus represent the target group for psychological support, which would consequently improve adherence to follow-up diagnostics and enable timely treatment, finally reducing complications and fatal outcome.
Elucidating the roles of SOD3 correlated genes and reactive oxygen species in rare human diseases using a bioinformatic-ontology approach
Authors: Stanworth Mark , Zhang Shu-Dong
Published: October 2024

Superoxide Dismutase 3 (SOD3) scavenges extracellular superoxide giving a hydrogen peroxide metabolite. Both Reactive Oxygen Species diffuse through aquaporins causing oxidative stress and biomolecular damage. SOD3 is differentially expressed in cancer and this research utilises Gene Expression Omnibus data series GSE2109 with 2,158 cancer samples. Genome-wide expression correlation analysis was conducted with SOD3 as the seed gene. Categorical SOD3 Pearson Correlation gene lists incrementing in correlation strength by 0.01 from ρ≥|0.34| to ρ≥|0.41| were extracted from the data. Positively and negatively SOD3 correlated genes were separated for each list and checked for significance against disease overlapping genes in the ClinVar and Orphanet databases via Enrichr. Disease causal genes were added to the relevant gene list and checked against Gene Ontology, Phenotype Ontology, and Elsevier Pathways via Enrichr before the significant ontologies containing causal and non-overlapping genes were reviewed with a literature search for possible disease and oxidative stress associations. 12 significant individually discriminated disorders were identified: Autosomal Dominant Cutis Laxa (p = 6.05x10-7), Renal Tubular Dysgenesis of Genetic Origin (p = 6.05x10-7), Lethal Arteriopathy Syndrome due to Fibulin-4 Deficiency (p = 6.54x10-9), EMILIN-1-related Connective Tissue Disease (p = 6.54x10-9), Holt-Oram Syndrome (p = 7.72x10-10), Multisystemic Smooth Muscle Dysfunction Syndrome (p = 9.95x10-15), Distal Hereditary Motor Neuropathy type 2 (p = 4.48x10-7), Congenital Glaucoma (p = 5.24x210-9), Megacystis-Microcolon-Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome (p = 3.77x10-16), Classical-like Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome type 1 (p = 3.77x10-16), Retinoblastoma (p = 1.9x10-8), and Lynch Syndrome (p = 5.04x10-9). 35 novel (21 unique) genes across 12 disorders were identified: ADNP, AOC3, CDC42EP2, CHTOP, CNN1, DES, FOXF1, FXR1, HLTF, KCNMB1, MTF2, MYH11, PLN, PNPLA2, REST, SGCA, SORBS1, SYNPO2, TAGLN, WAPL, and ZMYM4. These genes are proffered as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for the corresponding rare diseases discussed.
Considerations for the use of laboratory-based and field-based estimates of environmental tolerance in water management decisions for an endangered salmonid
Authors: Zeug Steven C. , Constandache Alex , Cavallo Bradley
Published: October 2024

Water infrastructure development and operation can provide for human economic activity, health, and safety. However, this infrastructure can also impact native fish populations resulting in regulatory protections that can, in turn, alter operations. Conflict over water allocation for ecological function and human use has come to the forefront at Shasta Reservoir, the largest water storage facility in California, USA. Shasta Reservoir supports irrigation for a multibillion-dollar agricultural industry, provides water for urban and domestic use, provides flood protection for downstream communities, and power generation as part of the larger Central Valley Project in California. Additionally, an endangered run of Chinook Salmon relies on cold water management at the dam for successful spawning and egg incubation. Tradeoffs between these uses can be explored through application of models that assess biological outcomes associated with flow and temperature management scenarios. However, the utility of models for predicting outcomes of management decisions is contingent on the data used to construct them, and data collected to evaluate their predictions. We evaluated laboratory and field data currently available to parameterize temperature-egg survival models for winter run Chinook Salmon that are used to inform Shasta Dam operations. Models based on both laboratory and field data types had poor predictive performance which appears to limit their value for management decisions. The sources of uncertainty that led to poor performance were different for each data type (field or laboratory) but were rooted in the fact that neither data set was collected with the intention to be used in a predictive model. Our findings suggest that if a predictive model is desired to evaluate operational tradeoffs, data should be collected for the specific variables and life stages desired, over an appropriate range of values, and at sufficient frequency to achieve the needed level of precision to address the modeling objective.
Digital technologies in dairy cattle breeding to improve the reproductive function of cows and heifers: A case study in Northern Kazakhstan
Authors: Uskenov Rashit , Issabekova Saltanat , Mukhanbetkaliyeva Aizada , Akibekov Orken , Zhagipar Fariza
Published: October 2024

Background and Aim: In some countries, the application of digital technologies in dairy cattle breeding is still under development. This study aimed to investigate the use of digital technologies in dairy cattle breeding to improve the reproductive function of cows and heifers in three northern regions of Kazakhstan.

Materials and Methods: This study explores the application of Austrian smaXtec bolus sensors, which enable the daily monitoring of the reproductive functions of cows and heifers in livestock. To control indicators of reproductive function in Simmental and Holstein-Friesian cattle breeds, a series of experiments were conducted before and after the introduction of boluses in the rumen.

Results: It was established that the application of smaXtec boluses increases milk yield in 305 days, the percentage of conception in the first insemination and in cows with up to three inseminations, the duration of dry secretion, and the percentage of calve output per 100 heads. Moreover, the use of smaXtec boluses reduced the insemination index, duration of the calving-to-conception interval (open days), reproductive rate, and percentage of abortions and culls due to gynecological problems.

Conclusion: The use of smaXtec boluses allows farmers and veterinarians to determine indicators, such as the period of sexual heat in livestock and diseases, in a timely manner and to increase the efficiency of feeding and controlling drinking cycles. Moreover, the application of smaXtec boluses minimizes labor costs associated with collecting data on indicators of reproductive function in cows and heifers and increases accuracy.

Keywords: bolus, cows, digital technology, reproductive function, smaXtec.