bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konsensus Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Bedah Digestif Indonesia tentang Pedoman Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Batu Saluran Empedu
Authors: Rivai Muhammad Iqbal , Lalisang Arnetta Naomi Louise , Nugroho Adianto , Wibowo Agung Ary , Handaya Adeodatus Yuda , Arifin Fransiscus , Situmorang Indah , Prabowo Erik , Irwan Irwan , Mayasari Maria , Tendean Michael , Rudiman Reno , Setyadi Kunsemedi , Niam Muhammad Shobachun , Suprapto Bambang , Putra Jeffri , Lesmana Tommy , Mazni Yarman , Muhar Adi Muradi , Mulyawan I Made , Warsinggih Warsinggih , Lalisang Toar Jean Maurice
Published: May 2024

Pendahuluan: Koledokolitiasis, adanya batu pada common bile duct (CBD), merupakan tantangan dalam bidang bedah digestif karena ragam kasus yang sangat bervariasi dengan tingkat kesulitan yang berbeda-beda. Hingga saat ini, pilihan modalitas diagnosis dan terapi semakin berkembang, baik dari prosedur noninvasif hingga invasif. Oleh sebab itu, Perhimpunan Spesialis Bedah Digestif Indonesia (IKABDI) memberikan rekomendasi terhadap pengelolaan kasus batu CBD di Indonesia.Metode: Konsensus disusun menggunakan survei Delphi yang melibatkan para pakar bedah digestif dari berbagai kota di Indonesia. Berbagai isu terkait diagnosis dan tatalaksana batu CBD disusun dan dijawab sesuai dengan penelitian terkini, namun juga mempertimbangkan pendapat dari para pakar.Hasil: Konsensus ini terdiri dari dua bagian, yaitu 15 rekomendasi terkait pemilihan modalitas diagnosis dan 10 rekomendasi terkait pilihan tatalaksana. Rekomendasi terkait diagnosis mencakup penggunaan ultrasonografi, CT-scan abdomen, dan magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). Selain prosedur terapeutik standar, konsensus ini juga memberikan rekomendasi mengenai prosedur terkini, seperti endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE), hingga open common bile duct exploration (OCBDE).Kesimpulan: Rekomendasi ini diharapkan dapat membantu para ahli bedah digestif dalam memberikan tatalaksana terbaik pada kasus batu CBD.
The Impact of COVID-19 Severity on TNF-α and IFN-γ in T2DM Patients' PBMC Monocytes
Authors: Wahyurini Dyahati , Tahapary Dicky L , Wibowo Heri
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Monocytes are very sensitive to changes in the metabolic environment, including hyperglycemia, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and becomes one COVID-19 comorbid. TNF-α and IFN-γ are cytokines often linked to inflammation, the severity of COVID-19, and long COVID-19. This study aims to analyze the relationship between COVID-19 severity and TNF-α and IFN-γ in T2DM one month post-infection.Methods: This research is an experimental study at the Integrated Laboratory Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, for four months. The total samples are 44 cryotubes of PBMC (18 T2DM and 26 Non-T2DM) from the CARAMEL study (COVID-19, Aging, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors). PBMCs were stimulated with inactivated whole virions SARS-CoV-2 and incubated for 24 hours. Monocyte subsets and intracellular cytokines are detected by flow cytometry.Results: Research showed that IFN-γ in the T2DM group was higher in all subsets. There was no significant difference between the T2DM and non-T2DM groups. Based on the history of the severity of COVID-19, MedFI IFN-γ classic and intermediate monocytes differed significantly between the COVID-19 severity groups (p = 0.049 and p = 0.022). Further research is needed to analyze the risk factors involved.Conclusion: MedFI of classic and intermediate monocyte IFN-γ differed significantly between the severity of COVID-19. There were no significant differences between the T2DM and non-T2DM groups. The history of the severity of COVID-19 is significantly related to long COVID-19.
Prevalence and Survival Rate of Advanced Stage Cervical Cancer Patients with Obstructive Uropathy in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Daryanto Besut , Nurseta Tatit , Wisnu Gusti Ayu Made Pratishita
Published: May 2024

Introduction: This study aims to determine the prevalence and survival rate of advanced cervical cancer patients with obstructive uropathy based on grade of hydronephrosis, type of hydronephrosis, deobstruction action, type of deobstruction, clinical stage, and cancer cell type.Method: This research is a descriptive analytical study with a cross-sectional retrospective approach. Samples were obtained from medical records of patients with stage IIIB, IVA and IVB cervical cancer who were treated at RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang in 2016–2023. Sampling was carried out using the total sampling method.Result: Of the 171 patients, the majority of patients had stage IIIB cervical cancer (71.9%), moderate (72.5%) and bilateral (90.1%) hydronephrosis were found in the majority of patients. SCC dominated the sample (82.5%) and was followed by ADC (14.6%). Most patients underwent deobstruction (64.3%) with DJ stent insertion being the most common type of deobstruction (84.5%). Patients with stage IVB have a lower survival rate than IIIB and IVA (p>0.05). Patients with SCC had lower survival (3%) than ADC (5%). The average survival rate for the three grades of hydronephrosis was not significantly different (p>0.05). Patients undergoing deobstruction showed a higher survival rate (5%) (p<0.05). DJ stent, PCN, and UCS insertion showed similar survival rates in patients (p>0.05).Conclusion: Stage IIIB cervical cancer, moderate hydronephrosis, bilateral hydronephrosis, and SCC dominated the patients in the study. Patients with stage IVB cervical cancer, SCC, unilateral or severe hydronephrosis have a worse prognosis. The presence of deobstruction indicates a better prognosis and can be performed with PCN, DJ stent insertion, or UCS.
The research has found that university students exhibit a high level of
Authors: Sabah Muhammad Alaa
Published: May 2024

The research has found that university students exhibit a high level of humor perception and personality trait (Openness - Conscientiousness), with a significant p-value (p < 0.05), indicating that the values are greater than the tabulated values at the 0.05 significance level. There were no statistically significant differences, as indicated by the Chi-squared value, in humor perception based on gender, academic stage, or specialization among university students at the 0.05 significance level. Statistically significant differences in personality trait (Openness - Conscientiousness) were found among university students based on gender, academic stage, and specialization, with a significant p-value (p < 0.05), indicating that the values are greater than the tabulated values at the 0.05 significance level. Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between both humor perception and personality trait (Openness - Conscientiousness), as indicated by the Pearson correlation coefficient at the 0.05 significance level.
A Psychoanalytic View of Louisa's Character in Charles Dickens' Novel Hard Times
Authors: Neamah Almkhelif Shaymaa
Published: May 2024

The current study considers Sigmund Freud's theory of Psychoanalysis in Charles Dickens' novel Hard Times. It aims to analyze the character of Louisa Gradgrind from a psychoanalytic perspective. Theory of Psychoanalysis performs this task as it deals with the analysis of the human mind. Sigmund Freud is the most prominent psychologist who developed the theory of Psychoanalysis. The field is established as Freud starts treating a young woman, who suffers massive hysterical attacks in 1881. Later, Freud investigates the unconscious under normal and abnormal conditions. Furthermore, Freud develops the theory as soon as he introduces The Interpretation of Dreams to the field of Psychology. This book, which is written in 1900, marks a turning point in the field because it tackles the role of dreams, as a part of the unconscious, in revealing the mechanisms of fears, delusions and fixed ideas that are rooted in childhood experiences. Hence, the study takes the character of Louisa as an example through which Dickens psychoanalytically manifests the way in which the mentioned mechanisms work in the human mind and their impact on the other aspects of life
Human rights were not an accidental event. Rather, they were based on
Authors: El Atri Abderrahim , El Asri Fatima
Published: May 2024

Human rights were not an accidental event. Rather, they were based on an accumulated history and legacy of calls to raise values and morals, and the assumption of the possibility of the existence of a moral code as a code and rule for global human moral behavior. This appeared in the writings of Aristotle, Kant, Hobbes, Rousseau, Montesquieu, and the so-called philosophers of the Enlightenment, so the decade was Social Then came the Universal Declaration in 1948, and this date was considered a day in which human rights were celebrated in various countries of the world.
One of the phenomena that remained ambiguous among grammarians is the phenomenon of (accusative on cursing), as it deviates from the system that grammarians drew for accusative cases, which made grammarians confused about their parsing and orientation. Sibawayh is considered the first to stop at it, and gave it this grammatical significance as (accusative). On cursing), and this designation and direction is due to the fact that Sibawayh was dealing with structures in a usage manner. He assumed the presence of (the speaker and the addressee) in the restriction and establishment of grammatical rules. However, the grammarians who came after him were confused in directing and parsing this style, which does not originally enter into the system of accusative cases
Authors: Majid Gouda Yasmine
Published: May 2024

One of the phenomena that remained ambiguous among grammarians is the phenomenon of (accusative on cursing), as it deviates from the system that grammarians drew for accusative cases, which made grammarians confused about their parsing and orientation. Sibawayh is considered the first to stop at it, and gave it this grammatical significance as (accusative). On cursing), and this designation and direction is due to the fact that Sibawayh was dealing with structures in a usage manner. He assumed the presence of (the speaker and the addressee) in the restriction and establishment of grammatical rules. However, the grammarians who came after him were confused in directing and parsing this style, which does not originally enter into the system of accusative cases
Psychological and Environmental Parameters Affected Seafarers and Their Well-being in Basrah Province/ Iraq
Authors: A. Alhilfi Wissal , A. Ameen Azhar
Published: May 2024

The sea is still as one of humans' most essential natural resources due to its many benefits; such as food, energy, transport...etc. Seafarers in the government and private sectors, play a critical role on this side. They face different conditions around or inside themselves. Consequently, the present study focused on several related psychological and environmental parameters. Forty-six men were questioned, including 26 men from government sector, and 20 from private sector. Current results showed that age (51-60) for G group and (41-50) for P group; had the largest number of participants. Different Occupation titles appeared local captin (Nukhutha) and sailors The P group consists largely of local captains (Nukhutha) and sailors, while the G group had many of engineers and officers. Sunburned, skin diseases such as acne, rashes and fungi showed the P group had the higher percentage 95.00% than the G group 65.38% for skin sun burned, and 85.00% and 50.00% for the skin diseases respectively. Headaches or dizziness was common in both groups. In contrast, vomiting reached 84.62% in G group, and lower than that in P group 55.00% despite its existence in both groups in high rate. When exposed to an accident or injury, our results found that the G group had a higher rate of 65.38% compared with P at 40.00%. Similarly, drowning 42.31% and 30.00% for the two groups respectively. Psychological feelings such as hallucinations and fantasies were showed to be high in both groups; P 90.00%, G 65.38% as well as feeling lonely and missing family which was 100% in both. No pirates appeared in Arabian Gulf, but chased by boats of a neighboring country, such as Iranian and Kuwaiti coastguards attack occurred in higher rates for P group 95.00%, rather than G group 15.38%. Despite the seamen's low rate describing the insufficiency o
Computer Fluid Design Models of Thermal Performance of Heat Sink with Various Geometries of Notches
Authors: M. Mansour Mustafa , Sami Salman Haider , A. Ugla Adnan
Published: May 2024

Various shapes of system are designed in reducing the loss of vital energy through wasteful use and improving the exchange of vital energy in the context of heat. This is done due to the increased demand for vitality worldwide. Increasing cooling capacity and maximizing heat sink efficacy are two of the most significant aims in developing contemporary thermal systems. In this current work, an attempt has been made to take into account the different geometries of the fins to improve the heat dissipation of the electronic heat sink numerically and experimentally. This study aims to study thermal performance of interrupted fins when compared to that of continuous fins, analyzing the thermal performance by using a range of rectangular fins arrays that covers different arrangements and different orientations, and, the construction of a mathematical equation correlating the temperature difference (i.e., the temperature of the base minus the temperature of the environment) to the duration of shutdowns. The former is the ratio of fins per time unit divided by the fin length. CFD study paved the way for deriving a base model using NASYS FLUENT for the numerical simulation of different heat sink geometries in particular. The validation process was carried out and showed good agreement with average differences of less than 9 % with the experimental temperature differences of three types of heat sinks. The results show that the temperature difference increases when the heat input increases, as the relationship between them is positive. A study shows that the highest temperature difference in the second model is due to the long interruption and the lowest temperature difference in the fifth model. The temperature reduction rate is 35%. The results also show that the percentage increase in the Nussle number of stag. 5-30 fins are 2.24% compared to the int.-5-30 fins and is higher compared to the cont. fin and corresponds to 17.9%. Furthermore, the findings reveal that the temperature differential between base and ambient rises with the increase of power consumption by 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 W for the different fin types. The highest temperature difference is seen in the Stag 5-30 rib. Another overlapping finding was the 22% improvement in the heat transfer coefficient of the third model compared to the first model.
Effect of Cocos nucifera oil on Iraqi strains of Leishmania in-vitro
Authors: Muhammed Hassan Ghuffran , Qays Ibrahim Alqaisi Amjed
Published: May 2024

Leishmaniasis is a disease spread by sand-fly vectors of Phlebotomus spp. It is classified as one of the 17 Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is considered a major invasive parasite among immunocompromised individuals. Leishmaniasis presents in various forms, including cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), visceral leishmaniasis (VL), and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). The rate of manifestation is contingent upon the species implicated and the immunological response elicited by the infection .To investigate the impact of different concentrations of Medium-Chain Triglycerides (MCT) oil on the proliferation of promastigotes of Leishmania tropica and Leishmania donovani, two types of promastigotes were subjected to in vitro analysis using chamber counting. During the designated period of incubation, the specimens were subjected to incubation for durations of 24, 48, and 72 hours. The results of this study demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in the survival of promastigotes when compared to the control group. The findings of this study revealed a notable inhibitory effect on the proliferation of Leishmania tropica and Leishmania donovani promastigotes in vitro upon exposure to MCT oil. It is recommended to conduct further investigations on the impact of MCT oil on amastigotes and to carry out in vivo studies in future research endeavors
Mutual Cooperation and Potential Conflicts: The Dynamic Relationship between Helpful Gut Bacteria and Intestinal Parasites in Human Digestive Well-being. A comprehensive review
Authors: Jabbar Alrikaby Nuha , Azaati Ibadi Abul-Doanej Hasan , Abbas Habbooshee Al-Jasime Zahraa
Published: May 2024

A significant number of bacteria residing in the mammalian intestinal tract inhabit the surface of the intestinal lining. These microorganisms serve crucial functions in numerous physiological processes such as digestive and metabolic processes, Control and regulation of the immune system, Utilization of energy, Growth of the mucosal lining, and the preservation of protective barriers (Sun and Chen 2019). The human digestive system hosts a wide range of microorganisms, which encompasses beneficial intestinal microflora and intestinal parasites. This research investigates the intricate relationship between these two groups in the context of human digestive health. While beneficial gut bacteria have a crucial function in aiding digestion as well as maintaining overall health and wellness, intestinal parasites pose a persistent challenge to this delicate balance. Intestinal parasites are a assortment of varied protozoa and worms that can cause a wide range of health problems, specifically in areas with inadequate hygiene and restricted entry to medical care. Efforts to control these infections include both treatment and preventive measures, underscoring the importance of public health initiatives and ongoing research in combatting these parasites. Aim of study: This study examines the fundamental mechanisms that govern the dynamic interaction between beneficial bacteria and intestinal parasites, shedding light on instances of mutual cooperation and potential conflicts. Helpful microbes contribute to absorption of nutrients, control of the body's defense system, and protection from harmful invaders. Conversely, intestinal parasites can disrupt these processes, leading to infections and compromised health. Gaining a deeper understanding of the equilibrium between these microorganisms is essential for comprehending their collective impact on human digestive health. This research investigates the consequences of this interaction, both advantageous and disadvantageous, on overall well-being, and takes into account potential therapeutic approaches to maintain a harmonious gut microbial community. As we navigate the complexities of this dynamic relationship, we gain valuable insights into the preservation and restoration of digestive well-being amidst microbial diversity and potential challenges
Artificial Intelligence and Its Impact on Reducing the Costs of Surgeries: Theoretical Study
Authors: Jassim Ahmed Ibrahim Al-Obaidi Rasha , Abdel Hadi Issa Ahmed , Yassin Hussein Muhammad Al-Takrit Yasmine
Published: May 2024

Artificial intelligence has made great progress in many medical aspects such as diagnosis, medicine, and biotechnology, and it has also had an impact on surgical operations and reduced their cost. Accordingly, the study aimed to determine the impact of artificial intelligence in reducing the costs of surgeries. The study followed the descriptive approach by reviewing previous literature, studies, and research related to the topic. The results indicate that there is increasing competition in the surgical robotics market after years of monopolizing the da Vinci system. This competition encourages development and innovation in this field, which can lead to more advanced and cost-effective options. In addition, the new surgical robots come with technological improvements aimed at reducing the cost of surgery and increasing efficiency. Open consoles, lighter tools, and greater portability are part of these improvements. The results indicate that the new devices can reduce the cost of robotic surgery to be comparable to that of laparoscopy. Despite the large upfront costs of the hardware, an approach to offering comprehensive cost models could make bots attractive for expanded use. The study recommended that embedding applied examples from actual studies or clinical trials to illustrate the benefits and challenges would be useful to the reader, invest more efforts in research and innovation in the field of artificial intelligence, training and mentoring of surgeons, conducting continuous evaluations of the effectiveness achieved by artificial intelligence, providing infrastructure support, and finally, Providing comprehensive cost models that include long-term benefits to achieve greater investment attraction in this field
MECHANISMS FOR CONFRONTING NEIGHBORHOOD GANGS AS A CRIMINAL JUSTICE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: KELANEMER Dr. Asma
Published: May 2024

Recently, dangerous crime, represented by neighbourhood gangs, has spread across Algerian society, with evictions affecting most of the chaotic neighborhoods and flowing into large new residential complexes, most of which do not have adequate security shields to maintain safety. and tranquility and protection of the people and their property. Violence is common in these communities. In the face of this increasing crime, traditional means of deterrence are no longer effective, prompting the Algerian Legislature to intervene and put an end to this dangerous criminal phenomenon by issuing Regulation No. 20/03 on Gang Prevention. Biology and its control, including preventive and deterrent measures. The importance of this study is reflected in the sensitivity of the subject, which falls within the scope of neighborhood gang crime, which continues to occur in Algeria, given the record increase in the number of criminal attacks, the use of cold weapons and drug abuse. The purpose of this intervention is to clarify the prevention and deterrence mechanisms set out in Regulation No. 20/03 of 30 August 2020 to prevent and combat neighborhood gangs, as previous legal means have failed to curb the growth of gangs in neighborhoods. this phenomenon.
SIMPLE JOINT STOCK COMPANIES AS A NEW MECHANISM TO ENHANCE THE ROLE OF EMERGING INSTITUTIONS IN ALGERIA
Authors: Wassila Dr. REZIG
Published: May 2024

With the aim of enhancing support for startups, the Algerian legal environment has developed a new formula that allows startups to be managed smoothly and with greater flexibility, represented by simple joint-stock companies, which are a new legal category of companies, applied in a number of countries around the world that has proven effective in giving new impetus to startups and arranging sources of financing. The capital of this company is divided into shares and it consists of partners who do not bear losses except to the extent of the shares they provided. A simple joint stock company can be established by one person or several natural or legal persons. If it includes only one person, it is called a “joint stock company.” “One person” and this company is established exclusively by start-up companies, and the latter is characterized by not requiring a minimum amount of partners or capital, and in specifying the methods of its organization and operation in its basic law.
FLOWERS IN SOCIETY ROLE, IMPORTANCE, AND SYMBOLS
Authors: Nayef EL SHAMI Researcher. Alissar
Published: May 2024

Lebanon is blessed with a rich and diverse flora, and the distance varies between flowers and people in Lebanon. We find some varieties that still adorn the plains and valleys from afar, while others are of interest to the Lebanese and are planted in their gardens either for treatment and food or for aesthetic purposes. Cultural anthropology has been interested in studying the relationship between humans and plants through a special cognitive discipline called ethnobotany. Through this discipline, we can study flowers in society, where special relationships arose between humans and flowers. They adopted them in social life, gave them various symbolic meanings, and exchanged them on various occasions, used them in economy, incorporated them in popular culture, and this gave the flowers a role and function in society. Humans consider flowers to have their language, where each flower has a specific symbol. The red rose is associated with love and the yellow with jealousy, and so on… Symbols are used to link active social elements together, through various means of communication that they put at their disposal. We can say that flowers are one of the means of communication that connect people. A group of people are interested in flowers and knowing their symbolic meanings more than other groups in society. Cultural openness has led to a new distribution of flowers, where their use has varied from the past, the types of flowers used have changed, and the shape of the bouquet has also changed, all in line with the requirements of the era. This research paper aims to demonstrate the meanings, symbols, and effects of flowers in society, how their types change between different occasions and generations, and show the differences between types of flowers among social classes, where the terms as
FEATURES OF LEGITIMATE POLITICS IN BUILDING THE CONTEMPORARY STATE
Authors: Abderrahmane Research. ABDI
Published: May 2024

This research seeks to study Sharia politics in its broad sense, its features and principles, to build the state in order to facilitate the life of human society, reform it, and achieve its immediate and future interests. This can only be achieved by managing the affairs of the state, which must have three conditions and pillars: the people, the territory, and the authority. We establish a harmonious society based on the principles of justice, freedom, and consultation. The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, relied in his policy for the people while building the Islamic state on these landmarks and principles, and after him the Rightly Guided Caliphs, and therefore the state must preserve these landmarks and principles so that it can manage and manage public affairs. In a way that ensures achieving interests and eliminating harms, within what does not exceed the limits of Sharia law and its universal principles
SUB-SAHARAN MIGRATION, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN A CHANGING WORLD: THE MOROCCAN EXPERIENCE AS AN EXAMPLE
Authors: TIJANI Researcher. Hamza
Published: May 2024

Given its Geographical Location, Morocco is a market between Africa and Europe. This current privileged situation, in essence, creates significant challenges and opportunities in the field of sub-Saharan migration, a crucial question that affects not only Morocco's national policy, but also regional and international dynamics. Historically, Morocco has been considered an immigration country. As a result, the establishment of a large Moroccan community over the years has been essential in Europe. Over the last ten years, the country has become a place of transit and migration for a large number of sub-Saharan populations wishing to travel to Europe. In addition, thanks to a set of controls on the EU borders, Morocco has become a stabilization push. Managing sub-Saharan migration is a complex game for Morocco. This is why the Moroccan government is seeking reforms aimed at improving the living conditions of migrants in a regular situation and combating the traffic of people. Adopting national strategies for migration and asylum allows the operations of organizing millions of foreigners residing on their lands. Despite these efforts, challenges persist. Irregular migration in Sub-Saharan Africa remains a topic of concern, particularly with regard to border security and the preservation of migrants' rights. There are many factors that delay this migratory flow. Despite demographic pressure in countries of origin, linked to conflict, poverty, and political instability, many sub-Saharan people can seek opportunities.
THE DIGITAL ECONOMY IN DEVELOPING CONTRIES : COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Asmaa Dr. DEHKAL
Published: May 2024

The degital economy in developing countries is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing adoption of e-commerce. Consumers are increasingly using online shopping, often via mobile phones. Local e-commerce platforms are emerging to meet specific consumer needs. However, logistical and infrastructure challenges persist, particularly around delivery and payments. Some governments support the sector through favorable policies, tax incentives and tailored regulations. The electronic economy also contributes to financial inclusion by offering digital services to unbanked populations. This paper discusses the current situation of the state of the electronic economy in developing countries in a comparative manner by discussing the initiatives that aim to overcome the specific challenges of each national context of the selected countries
THE ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL JUDICIARY IN RESOLVING INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES
Authors: Ghizlene Prof. Dr. FELIDJ
Published: May 2024

The peaceful settlement of international disputes has become one of the most important principles affirmed in many international charters and conventions in order to avoid the dangers and tragedies of war. International arbitration is the most important of these means, given the effective role it plays in maintaining international peace and security, as well as the role played by the International Court of Justice, which hears all international disputes submitted to it. Both arbitration and the International Court of Justice, through its judgments and advisory opinions, have allowed to avoid many conflicts and crises, which could have turned into wars between States
AL REASSURANCE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE PROACTIVE PERSONALITY
Authors: ALRABEE Prof. Dr. Faisal
Published: May 2024

The study aimed to know the relative contribution of psychological reassurance to the proactive personality. The study sample consisted of (288) male and female students from the Faculty of Education at the bachelor's, master's and doctoral levels at Yarmouk University. Two scales were used. One of them is for psychological reassurance, and the other is for the proactive personality after confirming their sincerity and stability. The study reached a number of results. Including: The level of psychological reassurance and the proactive personality was high, and there were differences in the level of reassurance attributed to the variable of the stage of study in favor of doctoral students, and there were no differences in the level of psychological reassurance and the proactive personality attributed to the variables of sex and school stage. The study also showed that there is a positive relationship between reassurance and proactive personality. Finally, the study concluded that psychological reassurance matters (48.9%) in explaining the variation in the level of proactive personality
Exploring Disrupted Gene Networks in Human 22q11.2 Microdeletion
Authors: De Oliveira Alves Camila Cristina , Wolf Ivan Rodrigo , Gamba Bruno Faulin , Bicudo Lucilene Arilho Ribeiro , Valente Guilherme Targino
Published: May 2024

Several deletions are observed at the 22q11 locus and are responsible for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), also known as DiGeorge syndrome, conotruncal anomaly face syndrome, or velocardiofacial syndrome. These microdeletions on human chromosome 22 range from 0.7 to 3 Mb. Many genes are affected by 22q11.2 deletion. However, despite the well-established clinical signs for the diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, the interactome background of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is unknown. Here, we analyzed protein–protein interaction networks (PPIs) to assess the influences of 3 Mb 22q11.2 deletion on this network. We compared the general human PPI network against a network without 48 genes of the 3 Mb 22q11.2 locus in a homozygous condition: we compared topological metrics, enrichment of gene ontology terms, community assignments, and edge rewiring. The PPI networks revealed that this deletion affected the relevance of hundreds of non-deleted genes. Additionally, this 22q11.2 deletion induces intense rewiring of subnetworks, promoting an accumulation of proteins associated with DiGeorge clinical signs (CTCF, YY1, TFAP2A, PPARG, PAX6, RAX, and E2F3) in a single community (community 1). Therefore, we identified new genes that may be associated with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Altogether, the systemic approaches used here yielded new insights into the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.
 
Received: 21 February 2024 | Revised: 26 April 2024 | Accepted: 29 April 2024
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
 
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in HuRI at http://www.interactome-atlas.org/, reference number [26]. The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in HumanNet at https://staging2.inetbio.org/humannetv3/, reference number [27]. The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in ComPPi at https://comppi.linkgroup.hu/, reference number [28]. The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in Biogrid at https://thebiogrid.org/, reference number [29].
Clinical Profiles of Hyperphenylalaninemia Patients Diagnosed by Newborn Screening
Authors: Dion-Berboso April Grace , Abacan Mary Ann R. , Chiong Mary Anne D.
Published: May 2024

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DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATED INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR ACCOUNTING AND MOVEMENT OF WIND TURBINE EQUIPMENT
Authors: K. Akishev  , К. Аryngazin  , А. Кalkenov  , Zh. Nurtai  , B. Biybosynov
Published: May 2024

The number of operating wind farms in the world is growing year by year. Kazakhstan annually increases the number of wind turbines, which currently stands at more than 200. In this regard, today there is a problem related to the need to develop programs that allow solving problems related to the accounting and movement of wind farm equipment. This task must be solved primarily due to the large number of equipment requiring replacement, repair and maintenance. The presented article describes the developed program «Automated information system for accounting and movement of wind farm equipment in wind farms of the Republic of Kazakhstan». The program database contains all the basic equipment and automation used in the operation of wind turbines. The program stores data about the equipment of each wind turbine with the coordinates of the location of the latter, which can be provided online from any access point. The program is developed in the MS SQL management studio, C# software environment. The program menu is quite informative and ergonomic. The developed program can be used for practical purposes in companies engaged in the operation of wind farms. The difficulty in creating a common database on wind turbine equipment in Kazakhstan lies in the heterogeneity of wind turbine equipment, since suppliers are different manufacturers, and both public and private companies are engaged in operation. Nevertheless, an algorithm of the program is currently being developed using machine learning methodology, which allows updating the database on wind turbines based on information from any open sources. Keywords: automated information system, management, accounting, program, data, efficiency, wind turbine.
ЭЛЕМЕНТНЫЙ СОСТАВ БИОУГОЛЬНЫХ БРИКЕТОВ ИЗ РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ОТХОДОВ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА И ОТХОДОВ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ
Authors: А. К. Кинжибекова  , Л. В. Дмитриенко  , А. П. Плевако
Published: May 2024

Рассматривается вопрос использования сырья для производства биоугольных брикетов на основе специализированных отходов, образуемых в угольной промышленности, которые не подлежат самостоятельному использованию и включению в процесс рециклинга. Предлагается комбинирование отходов угольной промышленности с некоторыми видами растительных отходов, среди которых в исследовании используются: лузга подсолнечника, лузга гречихи, опавшая листва и жмых подсолнечника. Производство биоугольных брикетов должно базироваться на определенных топливных характеристиках, таких как низшая теплота сгорания и выход летучих веществ на горючую массу, которые формируются за счет комбинирования растительных отходов и отходов угольной промышленности в определенных соотношениях: 20:80 %, 30:70 %, 40:60 %, 50:50 %, 60:40 %, 70:30 %, 80:20 %. Выявление преимущественных характеристик биотопливных брикетов осуществлено на основе определения элементного состава. Это позволило выявить оптимальное соотношение компонентов в составе исследуемых образцов, а также определить наиболее предпочтительные и балластные компоненты. Выявлены образцы, наиболее подходящие с позиции теплотворной способности. Выполнен сравнительный анализ данных по теплоте сгорания биоугольных брикетов, полученных расчетным методом и данные по теплотворной способности тех же брикетов, определенных экспериментальным путем в Институте химии и угля (г. Астана). Определено, что выбор биоугольных брикетов должен основываться на самом процессе сжигания и конкретных его потребностях, а также целях использования и определенной области их применения. Ключевые слова: биоугольные брикеты, промышленные отходы, сельскохозяйственные отходы, элементный состав, теплотворная способность.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ АВТОНОМНОЙ ЭНЕРГОСИСТЕМЫ С НАКОПИТЕЛЕМ И ВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМЫМИ ИСТОЧНИКАМИ ЭНЕРГИИ
Authors: М. Т. Азаматов  , М. В. Ярославцев  , О. М.  Талипов  , Е. А. Спиридонов  , Н. А. Испулов
Published: May 2024

В работе предложена вероятностная модель, описывающая совместную работу источников и потребителей энергии в составе автономной энергосистемы с питанием от возобновляемых источников энергии. Рассмотрены факторы, возникающие в процессе выработки энергии солнечными панелями, влияние географического положения оборудования. Модель на основании данных метеорологических наблюдений учитывает движение солнца, облачность и силу ветра для расчета мощности источников энергии. Предложенная модель позволяет определить мощность источников энергии автономной энергосистемы, а также энергоемкость и мощность накопителя энергии. С её помощью может быть исследовано влияние на характеристики источников энергии погодных условий, соотношения между мощностью источников и энергоемкостью накопителя энергии, технических характеристик источников энергии и других факторов. Исследование режимов потребления в разрезе времени суток и сезонности дает возможность применения оптимальных методов управления нагрузкой и определения максимальных и минимальных значений потребления. Полученная модель системы позволит сравнить эффективность применения возобновляемых источников и накопителя энергии в автономной энергетической системе для различных регионов и за различные годы. Ключевые слова: возобновляемые источники энергии, накопитель энергии, автономная энергетическая система, солнечная электростанция, ветровая электростанция.
ANYLOGIC ОРТАСЫНДА АГЕНТТІК МОДЕЛДЕУ НЕГІЗДЕРІ
Authors: Ж. С. Алимова  , М. Хаттак  , М. С. Байбусинова  , Г. Қ. Матаева
Published: May 2024

Бұл мақалада, XJ Technologies компаниясы әзірлеген көп әдісті, жалпы мақсаттағы компьютерлік моделдеу ортасы AnyLogic-тің мүмкіндіктері туралы және сонымен қатар, AnyLogic ортасында моделдеудің мүмкіндіктерін түсіндіру мақсатында – шағын әуежай жұмысының 3D моделін құруды компьютерлік жүзеге асырудың кейбір амалдары қарастырылады. Бұл моделді құру үшін келесі есептерді қамтитын тапсырма қойылады: «Шағын әуежайда жолаушылар қозғалысының имитациялық моделін жасау барысында, алдымен, жолаушылар әуежайға келеді, рейске тіркеледі, тексеруден өтеді және күту аймағына барады. Ұшаққа отырғызу басталғанда жолаушылар билетті тексеруден өтеді, содан кейін ұшаққа отырғызу басталады». Осы тапсырмаларды ескере отырып, моделді құру барысында, жалпы AnyLogic программасына, оның ішінде, «Жаяу жүргіншілер» кітапханасының мүмкіндіктеріне ерекше көңіл бөлінеді. Шағын әуежайда жолаушылар қозғалысының имитациялық моделін жасаудың алты фазасының әрқайсысында шешілетін сұрақтар, және әрбір фазаны орындау нәтижелері модельдің визуалды иллюстрацияларымен ұсынылады. Жалпы алғанда, AnyLogic ортасында моделдеуді игерудің мақсаты – жүйелерді компьютерлік моделдеудің заманауи технологиялары туралы теориялық білімнің базалық көлемін қалыптастыру болып табылады, оның негізінде себеп-салдарлық байланыстарды талдау, болжау, жоспарлау, басқару шешімдерін қабылдау бойынша практикалық дағдылар қалыптасады. Кілтті сөздер: AnyLogic, имитациялық моделдеу, агенттік моделдеу, модел, жүйелік динамика.
Detection of Malware Trojans in Software using Machine Learning
Authors: Prof. Aravinda Thejas Chandra  , Ms. Sindhu R  , Ms. Spoorthi H  , Ms. Prerana R P  , Ms. V Bhavana
Published: May 2024

As the prevalence of malicious software, particularly trojans, continues to pose a significant threat to the integrity and security of computer systems, the need for effective detection mechanisms becomes paramount. This research presents a comprehensive approach to the detection of malware trojans in software, leveraging advanced techniques from machine learning, behavior analysis, and signature-based methods. The proposed system employs a hybrid model that combines the strengths of static and dynamic analysis to enhance detection accuracy. Static analysis focuses on examining code structures and identifying potential indicators of trojans presence, while dynamic analysis observes the software's behavior during execution to uncover malicious activities that may evade static analysis. Machine learning algorithms play a crucial role in training the detection system to recognize patterns indicative of trojans behavior. The model is trained on a diverse dataset of both benign and malicious software samples, enabling it to adapt and evolve to emerging threats. Feature extraction techniques are applied to capture the essential characteristics of trojans, contributing to the model's ability to generalize effectively. Furthermore, the system incorporates a signature-based approach, utilizing known patterns and signatures of trojans to quickly identify and mitigate known threats. Regular updates of signature databases ensure the system remains current and capable of detecting the latest trojan variants. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, extensive testing is conducted on a variety of software samples, including both well-established trojans and newly emerging threats. The results demonstrate the system's robustness and efficiency in detecting trojan activity, with a low false positive rate. In conclusion, the presented research provides a holistic and adaptive solution for the detection of malware trojans in software. By combining static and dynamic analysis with machine learning and signature-based methods, the proposed system offers a versatile defense against the evolving landscape of trojan threats, contributing to the overall cybersecurity resilience of computer systems
Design and Fabrication of Atmospheric Dust Collector for Stone Crushers and Crematorium Units
Authors: Dr. K. Sivaramakrishnan  , Arjun G  , Aswanth K  , Paribalagan G  , Vinodharan P
Published: May 2024

This project aims at developing a machine for reducing the dust from stone crushers and crematorium unis. Most of the manufacturing industry faces significant challenges in the control of dust to ensure continued sustainable operation and to meet emissions regulations and goals. The methods for controlling dust emissions can either lie in the prevention of dust emissions or in the removal of dust once it has become airborne. Though the concept for dust collection system seems simple, many things can go wrong if don’t pay careful attention to the design details. Dust control systems involve multiple engineering decisions, including the efficient use of available space, the length of duct runs, the ease of returning collected dust to the process, the necessary electrical requirements, and the selection of optimal filter and control equipment. Further, key decisions must be made about whether a centralized or multiple system are best for the circumstances. Critical engineering decisions involve defining the problem, selecting the best equipment for each job and designing the best dust collection system for the needs of an operation. Well-designed dust collection systems need to consider not only the dust as a potential contaminant, but also the attributes of the dust capturing system. There are four key components in a dust collection system is very important like dust collector body, dust collector and the air mover/fan. This project helps to understand as a design guide which provides information that will help to achieve optimum performance and energy efficiency in commercial dust collection systems by properly selecting and sizing of dust collector and air blower or fan. A well-designed dust collection system has multiple benefits resulting in a dust-free environment that increases productivity, comply with emission regulations, and improve industry employee morale
Spacing and Tomatotone Influence on Yield of Rain Fed Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Sudan Savanna of Nigeria
Authors: U.A Adamu , A.G Jauro , A.A Manga , M.I Halima , A.G Maina , Y Hussaini , U Yahaya
Published: May 2024

Some scientific reports indicated that Tomatotone (4-Chlorophenoxy acetic acid (4-CPA) is one of the plant hormones that can be used to increase fruit setting and yield of tomato. The aim of the research is to evaluate the efficacy of 4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid at different plant population density. Field trials were therefore conducted during the rainy season of 2020 at two locations. The treatments consisted of three population density (22,222, 26,666 and 33,333) and four concentrations of 4-CPA (0, 50, 75 and 100 mgL-1 of distilled water). The experiment was laid out in a Complete Randomized Block Design and replicated three times. The data collected on yield and yield components were subjected to analysis of variance. The result showed that 4-CPA had a significant effect on fruit length, fruit weight, marketable fruit yield and total fruit yield. Plant population density was obtained also to have significantly influenced total fruit yield and marketable fruit yield. Based on the results of the study, it could be suggested that farmers in the areas of study can be advised to grow UC82B tomato and apply 4-CPA at a density of 22,222 plants ha-1 for higher yield of the crop during rainy season