bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First-Principles Mechanistic Insights into the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Ni2P Electrocatalyst in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Cross Russell W. , Dzade Nelson Y.
Published: March 2020

Nickel phosphide (Ni2P) is a promising material for the electrocatalytic generation of hydrogen from water. Here, we present a chemical picture of the fundamental mechanism of Volmer–Tafel steps in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity under alkaline conditions at the (0001) and (10 1 ¯ 0) surfaces of Ni2P using dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations. Two terminations of each surface (Ni3P2- and Ni3P-terminated (0001); and Ni2P- and NiP-terminated (10 1 ¯ 0)), which have been shown to coexist in Ni2P samples depending on the experimental conditions, were studied. Water adsorption on the different terminations of the Ni2P (0001) and (10 1 ¯ 0) surfaces is shown to be exothermic (binding energy in the range of 0.33−0.68 eV) and characterized by negligible charge transfer to/from the catalyst surface (0.01−0.04 e−). High activation energy barriers (0.86−1.53 eV) were predicted for the dissociation of water on each termination of the Ni2P (0001) and (10 1 ¯ 0) surfaces, indicating sluggish kinetics for the initial Volmer step in the hydrogen evolution reaction over a Ni2P catalyst. Based on the predicted Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption (ΔGH*) at different surface sites, we found that the presence of Ni3-hollow sites on the (0001) surface and bridge Ni-Ni sites on the (10 1 ¯ 0) surface bind the H atom too strongly. To achieve facile kinetics for both the Volmer and Heyrovsky–Tafel steps, modification of the surface structure and tuning of the electronic properties through transition metal doping is recommended as an important strategy.
Bifunctional Heterometallic Metal-Organic Frameworks for Solvent-Free Heterogeneous Cascade Catalysis
Authors: Zheng Mingming , Wang Yanxiang , Feng Pingyun
Published: March 2020

A family of heterometallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) (CPM200s) harmoniously coexisting as Lewis acids and base (azo) sites were prepared. Seven CPM200s were employed as multifunctional heterogeneous cascade catalysts for the one-pot deacetalization-Knoevenagel reaction in a solvent-free system. Benefiting from the cooperation between Lewis acids from the open metal sites and base sites from the ligands, the CPM200s showed high activity and selectivity for the tandem reaction. The heterometallic 3D porous framework reported here not only offers a combination of two opposite active sites in the same framework of materials but also increases mass transfer of the substrate, thus maximizing the efficiency and substrate selectivity of the bifunctional catalysts. The CPM200s showed the highest turnover frequency (TOF), outperforming that of the reported MOFs in tandem with the deacetalization-Knoevenagel reaction. A strong correlation between the TOF and charge-to-radius ratio (z/r) of metal ions in the CPM200s was observed for the first time. The bifunctional CPM200s catalysts can be reused five times without significant loss of activity.
Porous Polymer-Titanium Dioxide/Copper Composite with Improved Photocatalytic Activity toward Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater: Fabrication and Characterization as Well as Photocatalytic Activity Evaluation
Authors: Xu Qijie , Wang Yan , Chi Mei , Hu Wenbin , Zhang Ning , He Weiwei
Published: March 2020

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and TiO2/copper (denoted as TC) composite were prepared via hydrothermal process. In the meantime, divinylbenzene (DVB) and bismaleimide (BMI) monomers were allowed to participate in in-situ radical polymerization in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator to afford porous polymers (abridged as PP). The as-obtained PP were mixed together with tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) and CuSO4·5H2O in vacuum to obtain PP/TC composite (denoted as PPTC) containing incorporated TC composite in the pores of PP. The as-prepared TiO2, TC, and PPTC were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, fluorescence spectrometry, and electron spin resonance spectrometry, and so on. Furthermore, their photocatalytic activity for the degradation of N,N-dimethylformamide, methyl orange, phenol, and methylene blue under the irradiation of simulated sunlight (Xe lamp light) and natural sunlight were investigated. Findings indicated that, whether under simulated sunlight or nature sunlight irradiation, PPTC exhibited much better photocatalytic performance than TiO2 and TC for the degradation of the tested organic pollutants. Particularly, it allowed N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to be degraded by a rate of 73.7% under simulated sunlight irradiation and it retained photocatalytic activity even after six cycles of reuse, exhibiting promising potential for the removal of organic pollutants in wastewater (including industrial water, aquaculture wastewater, and domestic sewage). The desired photocatalytic performance of the as-prepared PPTC is attributed to two aspects. Namely, the incorporation of Cu2+ into the fine structure of TiO2 contributes to increasing photocatalyst activity and producing more free radical while the embedding of TC composite into the PP pores improves to the contact area between the photocatalyst and organic pollutants, and both are beneficial for improving the adsorption capacity and activity of the photocatalyst, thereby enhancing the degradation of the organic pollutants.
FAK Deficiency in Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Alters Their Homeostasis and Drives Abnormal Proliferation and Differentiation of Haematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Wu Yuenv , Campos Lydia , Daguenet Elisabeth , He Zhiguo , Picot Tiphanie , Tavernier-Tardy Emmanuelle , Soglu Gilbert , Guyotat Denis , Aanei Carmen-Mariana
Published: March 2020

Emerging evidence indicates that in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment may also contribute to the ineffective, malignant haematopoiesis in addition to the intrinsic abnormalities of haematopoietic stem precursor cells (HSPCs). The BM microenvironment influences malignant haematopoiesis through indirect mechanisms, but the processes by which the BM microenvironment directly contributes to MDS initiation and progression have not yet been elucidated. Our previous data showed that BM-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) from MDS patients have an abnormal expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). In this study, we characterise the morpho-phenotypic features and the functional alterations of BMSCs from MDS patients and in FAK knock-downed HS-5 cells. The decreased expression of FAK or its phosphorylated form in BMSCs from low-risk (LR) MDS directly correlates with BMSCs’ functional deficiency and is associated with a reduced level of haemoglobin. The downregulation of FAK in HS-5 cells alters their morphology, proliferation, and differentiation capabilities and impairs the expression of several adhesion molecules. In addition, we examine the CD34+ healthy donor (HD)-derived HSPCs’ properties when co-cultured with FAK-deficient BMSCs. Both abnormal proliferation and the impaired erythroid differentiation capacity of HD-HSPCs were observed. Together, these results demonstrate that stromal adhesion mechanisms mediated by FAK are crucial for regulating HSPCs’ homeostasis.
ABCA1/ABCB1 Ratio Determines Chemo- and Immune-Sensitivity in Human Osteosarcoma
Authors: Belisario Dimas Carolina , Akman Muhlis , Godel Martina , Campani Virginia , Patrizio Maria Pia , Scotti Lorena , Hattinger Claudia Maria , De Rosa Giuseppe , Donadelli Massimo , Serra Massimo , Kopecka Joanna , Riganti Chiara
Published: March 2020

The ATP Binding Cassette transporter B1 (ABCB1) induces chemoresistance in osteosarcoma, because it effluxes doxorubicin, reducing the intracellular accumulation, toxicity, and immunogenic cell death induced by the drug. The ATP Binding Cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) effluxes isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), a strong activator of anti-tumor Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells. Recruiting this population may represent an alternative strategy to rescue doxorubicin efficacy in ABCB1-expressing osteosarcoma. In this work, we analyzed how ABCA1 and ABCB1 are regulated in osteosarcoma, and if increasing the ABCA1-dependent activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells could be an effective strategy against ABCB1-expressing osteosarcoma. We used 2D-cultured doxorubicin-sensitive human U-2OS and Saos-2 cells, their doxorubicin-resistant sublines (U-2OS/DX580 and Saos-2/DX580), and 3D cultures of U-2OS and Saos-2 cells. DX580-sublines and 3D cultures had higher levels of ABCB1 and higher resistance to doxorubicin than parental cells. Surprisingly, they had reduced ABCA1 levels, IPP efflux, and Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell-induced killing. In these chemo-immune-resistant cells, the Ras/Akt/mTOR axis inhibits the ABCA1-transcription induced by Liver X Receptor α (LXRα); Ras/ERK1/2/HIF-1α axis up-regulates ABCB1. Targeting the farnesylation of Ras with self-assembling nanoparticles encapsulating zoledronic acid (NZ) simultaneously inhibited both axes. In humanized mice, NZ reduced the growth of chemo-immune-resistant osteosarcomas, increased intratumor necro-apoptosis, and ABCA1/ABCB1 ratio and Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell infiltration. We suggest that the ABCB1highABCA1low phenotype is indicative of chemo-immune-resistance. We propose aminobisphosphonates as new chemo-immune-sensitizing tools against drug-resistant osteosarcomas.
Comparing the Effects of FIFO/DIDO Workers Being Home versus Away on Sleep and Loneliness for Partners of Australian Mining Workers
Authors: Wilson Kerrie-ann I. , Ferguson Sally A. , Rebar Amanda , Alfrey Kristie-Lee , Vincent Grace E.
Published: March 2020

Fly in Fly out/Drive in Drive out (FIFO/DIDO) is a prevalent work arrangement in the Australian mining industry and has been associated with adverse outcomes such as psychological stress, sleep disturbances, fatigue, and work/life interference. FIFO/DIDO work arrangements have the potential to not only impact the FIFO/DIDO worker, but also the partner of the FIFO/DIDO worker. However, there is sparse empirical evidence on the impact of FIFO/DIDO work arrangements on partners’ sleep and subsequent performance. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to describe and compare partners’ sleep quality, sleep duration, sleepiness, and loneliness when the FIFO/DIDO workers were at home (off-shift) and away (on-shift). A secondary aim of this study was to examine whether differences in partners’ sleep quality and sleep duration as a result of FIFO/DIDO worker’s absence could be partially explained through the presence of dependents in the home, relationship duration, chronotype, duration in a FIFO/DIDO role, and loneliness. Self-reported questionnaires were completed by 195 female and 4 male participants, mostly aged between 18 and 44 years and who had been in a relationship with a FIFO/DIDO mining worker for more than five years. Of note, most participants subjectively reported poor sleep quality, insufficient sleep duration, excessive sleepiness, and moderate to extreme loneliness compared to the general population regardless of whether the FIFO/DIDO workers were at home or away. Compared to when the FIFO/DIDO workers were at home, partners experienced reduced sleep quality and increased loneliness when the FIFO/DIDO workers were away. Secondary analyses revealed that loneliness may partially underpin the negative effect that FIFO/DIDO workers’ absence has on sleep quality. Further research is needed to understand the factors that contribute to poor sleep quality, insufficient sleep duration, excessive sleepiness, and loneliness of FIFO/DIDO partners to inform appropriate strategies to support FIFO/DIDO partners’ health and wellbeing not only in the mining population, but other industries that incorporate similar FIFO/DIDO work arrangements (e.g., emergency services, offshore drilling, and transport).
Heterostructures “Ferroelectric Film/Silicon Carbide” for High Power Microwave Applications
Authors: Tumarkin Andrey , Gagarin Alexander , Zlygostov Michail , Sapego Evgeny , Altynnikov Andrey
Published: March 2020

The ferroelectric barium–strontium titanate (BST) multi-layer structure has been formed directly on silicon carbide by serial deposition and “in situ” annealing of layers. This approach allowed us to achieve the high-quality perovskite lattice of ferroelectric that provides the best combination of high tunability and low losses for BST/SiC structures at microwaves. Electric characteristics of BST/SiC planar capacitor structures were studied under the high level of microwave power for the first time. The BST/SiC structure consisted of highly oriented ferroelectric film on highly heat-conducting substrate have demonstrated the absence of the overheating of the active area of the capacitor under dissipated power density up to 125 W/mm 2 .
Manufacturing of Ti-6%Al and Ti-6%Al-4%V Alloys and Their Corrosion in Sodium Chloride Solutions
Authors: Abdo Hany S. , Sherif El-Sayed M. , El-Serehy Hamed A.
Published: March 2020

The current research aims at the manufacturing of Ti-6%Al alloy and Ti-6%Al-4%V alloy using the mechanical alloying method and studying their corrosion behavior after various periods of immersions in 3.5% NaCl solutions. The fabricated alloys were also evaluated using spectroscopic techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses. The corrosion behavior was studied using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and chronoamperometric current-time electrochemical methods. It is confirmed that the presence of 4% V greatly decreases the uniform corrosion of the Ti-6%Al alloy as a result of the role of V in decreasing the cathodic, anodic, and corrosion current, and the rate of corrosion along with increasing the corrosion resistance. Increasing the time of immersion to 24 h and further to 48 h highly decreased the corrosion of the alloys. The presence of 4% V and extending the time of exposure thus increase the resistance against corrosion via decreasing the corrosion of Ti-6%Al alloy in the chloride test solution.
Pressure-Induced Dimerization of C60 at Room Temperature as Revealed by an In Situ Spectroscopy Study Using an Infrared Laser
Authors: Li Bing , Zhang Jinbo , Yan Zhipeng , Feng Meina , Yu Zhenhai , Wang Lin
Published: March 2020

Using in situ high-pressure Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, the polymerization and structure evaluation of C60 were studied up to 16 GPa at room temperature. The use of an 830 nm laser successfully eliminated the photo-polymerization of C60, which has interfered with the pressure effect in previous studies when a laser with a shorter wavelength was used as excitation. It was found that face-centered cubic (fcc) structured C60 transformed into simple cubic (sc) C60 due to the hint of free rotation for the C60 at 0.3 GPa. The pressure-induced dimerization of C60 was found to occur at about 3.2 GPa at room temperature. Our results suggest the benefit and importance of the choice of the infrared laser as the excitation laser.
Inducing the Effect of a Ga2O3 Nano-Particle on the CsF-RbF-AlF3 Flux for Brazing Aluminum to Carbon Steels
Authors: Yao Zhen , Xue Songbai , Yang Jinlong , Zhang Junxiong
Published: March 2020

In this study, a Ga2O3 nano-particle was added into CsF-RbF-AlF3 flux to develop a highly active flux for brazing aluminum alloy to steel, and the spreadability and wettability of Zn-Al filler metal that matched the CsF-RbF-AlF3 flux-doped Ga2O3 nano-particle on the steel were investigated. The results showed that the spreadability and wettability of the CsF-RbF-AlF3 flux-doped Ga2O3 nano-particle could be remarkably improved when matching Zn-Al filler metals on both aluminum and low-carbon steel, for which the optimal content is in the range of 0.001–0.003 wt.% of Ga2O3. An investigation and analysis on the mechanism of reactions among CsF-RbF-AlF3-doped Ga2O3 nano-particle flux and filler metal or base metals showed that the Ga2O3 nano-particle is selectively absorbed by the interface of molten Zn-2Al filler metal and base metal, which released the surface-active element Ga to enrich the molten Zn-2Al filler metal and decreased the interfacial tension, so as to promote the enlargement of its spreading area during the brazing process. It was concluded that adding a trace amount of Ga2O3 nano-particle into CsF-RbF-AlF3 flux is a meaningful way to improve the activity of flux for brazing aluminum to steel compared with adding ZnCl2, which poses the risk of corrosion on aluminum.
Improving Linear Range Limitation of Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor by OH− Concentration
Authors: Yang Lory Wenjuan , Liu Elton Enchong , Xu Alex Fan , Chen Jason Yuanzhe , Wang Ryan Taoran , Xu Gu
Published: March 2020

The linear range of the non-enzymatic glucose sensor is usually much smaller than the glucose level of diabetic patients, calling for an effective solution. Despite many previous attempts, none have solved the problem. Such a challenge has now been conquered by raising the NaOH concentration in the electrolyte, where amperometry, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements have been conducted. The linear range has been successfully enhanced to 40 mM in 1000 mM NaOH solution, and it was also found that NaOH affected the degree of glucose oxidation, which influenced the current response during sensing. It was expected that the alkaline concentration must be 25 times higher than the glucose concentration to enhance the linear range, much contrary to prior understanding.
Domain Wall Injection in Spin Valve Systems with Reservoirs of Different Geometries
Authors: Wu Cheng-Yi , Yen Shiow-Kang
Published: March 2020

This study investigates nanostrips in Co/Cu/Py spin valve structures by connecting one side to domain wall reservoirs of different shapes in order to manipulate the switching field. The switching field increases according to the injection geometry; a diamond-shape reservior generates the largest switching field, followed by square-shape and then tip shape reservoirs. Simulation indicated the same results, showing that the vortex domain walls nucleated at the junction, but the pinning force increased as the magnetic transition area became larger (the injection angle became smaller). Therefore, by controlling the domain wall injection angles, the switching fields of the nanostrips can be manipulated.
Anatomic and Histological Features of the Extensor Digitorum Longus Tendon Insertion in the Proximal Nail Matrix of the Second Toe
Authors: Palomo-López Patricia , Losa-Iglesias Marta Elena , Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo Ricardo , Rodríguez-Sanz David , Calvo-Lobo Cesar , Murillo-González Jorge , López-López Daniel
Published: March 2020

Background: Anatomic and histological landmarks of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) tendon insertion in the proximal nail matrix may be key aspects during surgery exposure in order to avoid permanent nail deformities. Objective: The main purpose was to determine the anatomic and histological features of the EDL’s insertion to the proximal nail matrix of the second toe. Methods: A sample of fifty second toes from fresh-frozen human cadavers was included in this study. Using X25-magnification, the proximal nail matrix limits and distal EDL tendon bony insertions were anatomically and histologically detailed. Results: The second toes’ EDLs were deeply located with respect to the nail matrix and extended superficially and dorsally to the distal phalanx in all human cadavers. The second toe distal nail matrix was not attached to the dorsal part of the distal phalanx base periosteum. Conclusions: The EDL is located plantar and directly underneath to the proximal nail matrix as well as dorsally to the bone. The proximal edge of the nail matrix and bed in human cadaver second toes are placed dorsally and overlap the distal EDL insertion. These anatomic and histological features should be used as reference landmarks during digital surgery and invasive procedures.
Can Strain Elastography Predict Malignancy of Soft Tissue Tumors in a Tertiary Sarcoma Center?
Authors: Cohen Jonathan , Riishede Iben , Carlsen Jonathan Frederik , Lambine Trine-Lise , Dam Mikkel Seidelin , Petersen Michael Mørk , Nielsen Michael Bachmann , Ewertsen Caroline
Published: March 2020

This study aims to investigate the ability of ultrasound strain elastography as an adjunct to predict malignancy in soft tissue tumors suspect of sarcoma or metastasis in a tertiary reference center for sarcoma. A total of 137 patients were included prospectively. Patients were referred on the basis of clinical or radiological suspicion of malignant soft tissue tumor. All patients had previously undergone diagnostic imaging (MRI, CT or PET-CT). After recording strain elastography cine loops, ultrasound guided biopsy was performed. Three investigators, who were blinded to final diagnosis, reviewed all elastograms retrospectively. For each elastogram, a qualitative, visual 5-point score was decided in consensus and a strain ratio was calculated. Final pathology obtained from biopsy or tumor resection served as gold standard. Eighty-one tumors were benign, and 56 were malignant. t-tests showed a significant difference in mean visual score between benign and malignant tumors. There was no significant difference in mean strain ratio between the two groups. Strain elastography may be a valuable adjunct to conventional B-mode ultrasound, perhaps primarily in primary care, when considering whether to refer to a sarcoma center or to biopsy, although biopsies cannot reliably be ruled out based on the current data.
Inspiring a Self-Reliant Learning Culture while Brewing the Next Silicon Valley in North Wales
Authors: Palego Cristiano , Pierce Iestyn
Published: March 2020

Practical strategies for improving individual engagement and performance within an engineering team project learning environment were applied and evaluated. While methodological refinements were required due to the structural challenges and novelty of the practice, positive outcomes such as a perceived increase in engagement and technical proficiency were recorded. Critical aspects in the current approach are the well-known issue of assessing individual contributions within group performance, and setting a proper regulatory environment to prevent peer-assessment bias or dysfunctions. A novel intra-group mark moderation approach is presented and discussed.
AGV Localization System Based on Ultra-Wideband and Vision Guidance
Authors: Hu Xiaohao , Luo Zai , Jiang Wensong
Published: March 2020

Aiming at the problems of low localization accuracy and complicated localization methods of the automatic guided vehicle (AGV) in the current automatic storage and transportation process, a combined localization method based on the ultra-wideband (UWB) and the visual guidance is proposed. Both the UWB localization method and the monocular vision localization method are applied to the indoor location of the AGV. According to the corner points of an ArUco code fixed on the AGV body, the monocular vision localization method can solve the pose information of the AGV by the PnP algorithm in real-time. As an auxiliary localization method, the UWB localization method is called to locate the AGV coordinates. The distance from the tag on the AGV body to the surrounding anchors is measured by the time of flight (TOF) ranging algorithm, and the actual coordinates of the AGV are calculated by the trilateral centroid localization algorithm. Then, the localization data of the UWB is corrected by the mean compensation method to obtain a consistent and accurate localization trajectory. The experiment result shows that this localization system has an error of 15mm, which meets the needs of AGV location in the process of automated storage and transportation.
Measurement of Magnetic Field Properties of a 3.0 T/m Air-Core HTS Quadrupole Magnet and Optimal Shape Design to Increase the Critical Current Reduced by the Incident Magnetic Field
Authors: Choi Yojong , Kim Junseong , Baek Geonwoo , Han Seunghak , Lee Woo Seung , Ko Tae Kuk
Published: March 2020

Air-core high-temperature superconducting quadrupole magnets (AHQMs) differ from conventional iron-core quadrupole magnets, in that their iron cores are removed, and instead high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) are applied. The high operating temperature and high thermal stability of HTS magnets can improve their thermodynamic cooling efficiency. Thus, HTS magnets are more suitable than low temperature superconducting magnets for withstanding radiation and high heat loads in the hot cells of accelerators. AHQMs are advantageous because they are compact, light, and free from the hysteresis of ferromagnetic materials, due to the removal of the iron-core. To verify the feasibility of the use of AHQMs, we designed and fabricated a 3.0 T/m AHQM. The magnetic field properties of the fabricated AHQM were evaluated. Additionally, the characteristics of the air-core model and iron-core model of 9.0 T/m were compared in the scale for practical operation. In comparison with the iron-core model, AHQM significantly reduces the critical current (IC) due to the strong magnetic field inside the coil. In this study, a method for the accurate calculation of IC is introduced, and the calculated results are compared with measured results. Furthermore, the optimal shape design of the AHQM to increase the critical current is introduced.
A Systematic Literature Review on Privacy by Design in the Healthcare Sector
Authors: Semantha Farida Habib , Azam Sami , Yeo Kheng Cher , Shanmugam Bharanidharan
Published: March 2020

In this digital age, we are observing an exponential proliferation of sophisticated hardware- and software-based solutions that are able to interact with the users at almost every sensitive aspect of our lives, collecting and analysing a range of data about us. These data, or the derived information out of it, are often too personal to fall into unwanted hands, and thus users are almost always wary of the privacy of such private data that are being continuously collected through these digital mediums. To further complicate the issue, the infringement cases of such databanks are on a sharp rise. Several frameworks have been devised in various parts of the globe to safeguard the issue of data privacy; in parallel, constant research is also being conducted on closing the loopholes within these frameworks. This study aimed to analyse the contemporary privacy by design frameworks to identify the key limitations. Seven contemporary privacy by design frameworks were examined in-depth in this research that was based on a systematic literature review. The result, targeted at the healthcare sector, is expected to produce a high degree of fortification against data breaches in the personal information domain.
CaBIUs: Description of the Enhanced Wireless Campus Testbed of the Ionian University
Authors: Alvanou Aikaterini Georgia , Zervopoulos Alexandros , Papamichail Asterios , Bezas Konstantinos , Vergis Spiridon , Stylidou Andreana , Tsipis Athanasios , Komianos Vasileios , Tsoumanis Georgios , Koufoudakis George , Oikonomou Konstantinos
Published: March 2020

Technological evolution and in particular the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has paved the way for material prosperity and a better standard of living. A critical factor in the effectiveness of emerging IoT applications, which heavily rely on sensor information flow, is the development of a functional and efficient Wireless Sensor Network. Additionally, the levels of automation are conducive to usability and time efficiency by reducing the need for human intervention, as well as increasing the rate at which experiments can be carried out. In current work, an already installed infrastructure on the Ionian University campus is considered and enhanced, with the goal of elevating accessibility and user-friendliness, by designing a web platform. The presented platform enables the remote development, execution and monitoring of simple but necessary network-based algorithms using a custom language, without requiring code to be uploaded to remote nodes. As a proof of concept, three information dissemination algorithms are implemented and provided as example templates for users, promoting simultaneously ease of use.
The Diagnostic Value of Chromogranin A in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms is Potentiated by Clinical Factors and Inflammatory Markers
Authors: Papalou Olga , Peppa Melpomeni , Kandaraki Eleni , Diamanti-Kandarakis Evanthia , Nikou George
Published: March 2020

Objective: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogenous group of indolent tumors, with variable clinical behavior and steadily rising incidence. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical and laboratory factors that contribute in predicting the aggressiveness and invasiveness of NENs. Special focus is given to clinical parameters that would enhance the diagnostic value of chromogranin A (CgA), via formalizing an integrated probability model, which would contribute to the timely and accurate identification of patients at high risk for metastatic disease at initial diagnosis. Designs and Methods: We identified a total of 93 patients with NENs, recruited at a specialized academic center in Athens, Greece. Anthropometric, clinical, laboratory, and pathological data were obtained from every patient before any therapeutic intervention. Results: Age over 50 years and male gender were accompanied by increased risk for metastases at the time of initial diagnosis. Additionally, when these parameters were combined with CgA levels, they were shown to enhance the predictive capacity of CgA. Different patient scenarios combining age, gender, and CgA levels are associated with different probabilities for metastatic disease, demonstrated schematically in a gradually escalating model, as age and CgA levels increase in both males and females. The lowest risk is observed in women aged <50 years old with CgA levels <200 ng/dl (6.5%), while the highest one is in males over 50 years old with CgA > 200 ng/dl (62.9%). Finally, it was shown that c-reactive protein (CRP) can predict disease extent at the time of diagnosis. Conclusions: CgA levels can not only be used as a direct predictor of tumor load in patients with NENs, but also, when interpolated with the effects of age and gender, cumulatively predict whether a NEN would be metastatic or not at the time of initial diagnosis, via a risk-escalating probability model.
Production of Oligosaccharides from Agrofood Wastes
Authors: Cano María Emilia , García-Martin Alberto , Comendador Morales Pablo , Wojtusik Mateusz , Santos Victoria E. , Kovensky José , Ladero Miguel
Published: March 2020

The development of biorefinery processes to platform chemicals for most lignocellulosic substrates, results in side processes to intermediates such as oligosaccharides. Agrofood wastes are most amenable to produce such intermediates, in particular, cellooligo-saccharides (COS), pectooligosaccharides (POS), xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and other less abundant oligomers containing mannose, arabinose, galactose and several sugar acids. These compounds show a remarkable bioactivity as prebiotics, elicitors in plants, food complements, healthy coadyuvants in certain therapies and more. They are medium to high added-value compounds with an increasing impact in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic and food industries. This review is focused on the main production processes: autohydrolysis, acid and basic catalysis and enzymatic saccharification. Autohydrolysis of food residues at 160–190 °C leads to oligomer yields in the 0.06–0.3 g/g dry solid range, while acid hydrolysis of pectin (80–120 °C) or cellulose (45–180 °C) yields up to 0.7 g/g dry polymer. Enzymatic hydrolysis at 40–50 °C of pure polysaccharides results in 0.06–0.35 g/g dry solid (DS), with values in the range 0.08–0.2 g/g DS for original food residues.
Table Olives Fermented in Iodized Sea Salt Brines: Nutraceutical/Sensory Properties and Microbial Biodiversity
Authors: Lanza Barbara , Di Marco Sara , Simone Nicola , Di Marco Carlo , Gabriele Francesco
Published: March 2020

This research aimed to study the influence of different brining processes with iodized and noniodized salt on mineral content, microbial biodiversity, sensory evaluation and color change of natural fermented table olives. Fresh olives of Olea europaea Carolea and Leucocarpa cvs. were immersed in different brines prepared with two different types of salt: the PGI “Sale marino di Trapani”, a typical sea salt, well known for its taste and specific microelement content, and the same salt enriched with 0.006% of KIO3. PGI sea salt significantly enriches the olive flesh in macroelements as Na, K and Mg, and microelements such as Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn. Instead, Ca decreases, P remains constant, while iodine is present in trace amounts. In the olives fermented in iodized-PGI sea salt brine, the iodine content reached values of 109 μg/100 g (Carolea cv.) and 38 μg/100 g (Leucocarpa cv.). The relationships between the two varieties and the mineral composition were explained by principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Furthermore, analyzing the fermenting brines, iodine significantly reduces the microbial load, represented only by yeasts, both in Carolea cv. and in Leucocarpa cv. Candida is the most representative genus. The sensory and color properties weren’t significantly influenced by iodized brining. Only Carolea cv. showed significative difference for b* parameter and, consequently, for C value. Knowledge of the effects of iodized and noniodized brining on table olives will be useful for developing new functional foods, positively influencing the composition of food products.
Antiradical Activity of Hydrolysates and Extracts from Mollusk A. broughtonii and Practical Application to the Stabilization of Lipids
Authors: Tabakaeva O.V. , Piekoszewski W. , Kalenik T.K. , Maximova S.N. , Tabakaev A.V. , Poleshyk D. V. , Proniewicz L.
Published: March 2020

The antiradical properties of hydrolysates and hydrothermal extracts of bivalve mollusks (Anadara broughtonii) from the Far Eastern Region of Russia and their influence on lipid oxidation in mayonnaise were investigated. The radical binding activity of hydrolysates and extracts of A. broughtonii varies from 55% to 89%. The maximum radical-binding activity was observed for acid hydrolysates. The antiradical efficiency of acid hydrolysates is 35%–41% of the BHT (butylhydroxytoluene) index. The antiradical activity depends on the (method of) technological and biotechnological processing of raw materials. Acid and enzymatic hydrolysates and hydrothermal extracts of A. broughtonii in mayonnaise slow down the process of oxidation of lipids and hydrolysis of triglycerides. Acid hydrolysates reduce the speed of oxidation and hydrolysis of lipids in mayonnaise more efficiently than the enzymatic hydrolysates.
ELISA and Chemiluminescent Enzyme Immunoassay for Sensitive and Specific Determination of Lead (II) in Water, Food and Feed Samples
Authors: Xu Long , Suo Xiao-yi , Zhang Qi , Li Xin-ping , Chen Chen , Zhang Xiao-ying
Published: March 2020

Lead is a heavy metal with increasing public health concerns on its accumulation in the food chain and environment. Immunoassays for the quantitative measurement of environmental heavy metals offer numerous advantages over other traditional methods. ELISA and chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA), based on the mAb we generated, were developed for the detection of lead (II). In total, 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of lead (II) were 9.4 ng/mL (ELISA) and 1.4 ng/mL (CLEIA); the limits of detection (LOD) were 0.7 ng/mL (ic-ELISA) and 0.1 ng/mL (ic-CLEIA), respectively. Cross-reactivities of the mAb toward other metal ions were less than 0.943%, indicating that the obtained mAb has high sensitivity and specificity. The recovery rates were 82.1%–108.3% (ic-ELISA) and 80.1%–98.8% (ic-CLEIA), respectively. The developed methods are feasible for the determination of trace lead (II) in various samples with high sensitivity, specificity, fastness, simplicity and accuracy.
Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic Content, Individual Phenolics and Physicochemical Parameters Suitability for Romanian Honey Authentication
Authors: Pauliuc Daniela , Dranca Florina , Oroian Mircea
Published: March 2020

The present study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of honey (raspberry, mint, rape, sunflower, thyme and polyfloral) produced in Romania. The honey samples were from the 2017 to 2018 harvest and were subjected to melissopalynological analysis, alongside the determination of the following physicochemical parameters: moisture content, pH, free acidity, electrical conductivity (EC), hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content, color, total polyphenols content (TPC), flavonoids content (FC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, phenolic acids, flavonols, sugars and organic acids in order to evaluate the usefulness of this parameters for the classification of honey according to botanical origin. The results of the melissopalynological analysis revealed that five types of honey samples had a percentage of pollen grains above the minimum of 45%, which was required in order to classify the samples as monofloral honey. The total polyphenols content reached the maximum value in the case of dark honey such as mint honey, followed by raspberry, thyme and polifloral honey. Fructose, glucose, maltose, sucrose, turanose, trehalose, melesitose, and raffinose were identified and quantified in all samples. Gluconic acid was the main organic acid in the composition of all honey samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed the possibility of the botanical authentication of honey based on these physicochemical parameters.
Simultaneous Determination of L- and D-Amino Acids in Proteins: A Sensitive Method Using Hydrolysis in Deuterated Acid and Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis
Authors: Danielsen Marianne , Nebel Caroline , Dalsgaard Trine Kastrup
Published: March 2020

Determination of the L- and D-amino acid composition in proteins is important for monitoring process-induced racemization, and thereby protein quality loss, in food and feed. Such analysis has so far been challenging due to the need for sample hydrolysis, which generates racemization, thereby leading to an overestimation of D-amino acids. Here, validation of an LC–MS/MS-based method for the simultaneous determination of L- and D-amino acids in complex biological matrixes, like food and feed, was performed in combination with deuterated HCl hydrolysis. This approach eliminated a racemization-induced bias in the L- and D-amino acid ratios. The LC–MS/MS method was applied for the analysis of 18 free amino acids, with a quantification limit of either 12.5 or 62 ng/mL, except for D-phenylalanine, for which quantification was impaired by background interference from the derivatization agent. For hydrolyzed samples, the composition of 10 L- and D-amino acids pairs could be determined in protein. The average relative standard deviation was 5.5% and 6.1%, depending on the type of hydrolysis tubes. The method was applied on a green protein isolate (lucerne), which contained an average of 0.3% D-amino acids. In conclusion, this method allows for an unbiased analysis of L- and D-amino acid ratios in complex protein samples, such as food and feed.
When Everything Changes: Using Critical Family History to Deconstruct Keesing and Fitzpatrick Surnames
Authors: Fitzpatrick Esther , Fitzpatrick Mike
Published: March 2020

DNA analysis has enabled a much deeper interrogation of our surnames, Keesing and Fitzpatrick, than was possible via traditional genealogical research. This can inform us regarding the potential ‘hidden’ complexities of some surnames. Through juxtaposing the narratives of our family histories and DNA findings we demonstrate, using collaborative autoethnography, how surnames can be haunted by ghosts both real and imagined. The DNA-enabled critical exploration of the history of our surnames, in the context of the social and political factors that shaped them, generates a deeper and more complex understanding of how our surnames were taken/given. In this paper we investigate and deconstruct our Irish and Jewish ancestry. Fitzpatrick and Keesing are anglicised/normanised/colonised surnames that exemplify attempts to dis/member our identities. Here we re/member them, but with that comes a realisation that ‘everything has changed’ and with that come new dis/memberings and re/memberings.
Heterologous Expression of SvMBD5 from Salix viminalis L. Promotes Flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana L.
Authors: Cheng Yunhe , Cheng Lili , Cao Qingchang , Zou Junzhu , Li Xia , Ma Xiaodong , Zhou Jingjing , Zhai Feifei , Sun Zhenyuan , Lan Yanping , Han Lei
Published: March 2020

Methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) proteins have diverse molecular and biological functions in plants. Most studies of MBD proteins in plants have focused on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana L. Here we cloned SvMBD5 from the willow Salix viminalis L. by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and analyzed the structure of SvMBD5 and its evolutionary relationships with proteins in other species. The coding sequence of SvMBD5 is 645 bp long, encoding a 214 amino acid protein with a methyl-CpG-binding domain. SvMBD5 belongs to the same subfamily as AtMBD5 and AtMBD6 from Arabidopsis. Subcellular localization analysis showed that SvMBD5 is only expressed in the nucleus. We transformed Arabidopsis plants with a 35S::SvMBD5 expression construct to examine SvMBD5 function. The Arabidopsis SvMBD5-expressing line flowered earlier than the wild type. In the transgenic plants, the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T and CONSTANS significantly increased, while the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS C greatly decreased. In addition, heterologously expressing SvMBD5 in Arabidopsis significantly inhibited the establishment and maintenance of methylation of CHROMOMETHYLASE 3 and METHYLTRANSFERASE 1, as well as their expression, and significantly increased the expression of the demethylation-related genes REPRESSOR OF SILENCING1 and DEMETER-LIKE PROTEIN3. Our findings suggest that SvMBD5 participates in the flowering process by regulating the methylation levels of flowering genes, laying the foundation for further studying the role of SvMBD5 in regulating DNA demethylation.
LRRpredictor—A New LRR Motif Detection Method for Irregular Motifs of Plant NLR Proteins Using an Ensemble of Classifiers
Authors: Martin Eliza C. , Sukarta Octavina C. A. , Spiridon Laurentiu , Grigore Laurentiu G. , Constantinescu Vlad , Tacutu Robi , Goverse Aska , Petrescu Andrei-Jose
Published: March 2020

Leucine-rich-repeats (LRRs) belong to an archaic procaryal protein architecture that is widely involved in protein–protein interactions. In eukaryotes, LRR domains developed into key recognition modules in many innate immune receptor classes. Due to the high sequence variability imposed by recognition specificity, precise repeat delineation is often difficult especially in plant NOD-like Receptors (NLRs) notorious for showing far larger irregularities. To address this problem, we introduce here LRRpredictor, a method based on an ensemble of estimators designed to better identify LRR motifs in general but particularly adapted for handling more irregular LRR environments, thus allowing to compensate for the scarcity of structural data on NLR proteins. The extrapolation capacity tested on a set of annotated LRR domains from six immune receptor classes shows the ability of LRRpredictor to recover all previously defined specific motif consensuses and to extend the LRR motif coverage over annotated LRR domains. This analysis confirms the increased variability of LRR motifs in plant and vertebrate NLRs when compared to extracellular receptors, consistent with previous studies. Hence, LRRpredictor is able to provide novel insights into the diversification of LRR domains and a robust support for structure-informed analyses of LRRs in immune receptor functioning.
Sports Courage in Malaysian Silat Athletes: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Malay Language Version
Authors: Hidrus Aizuddin Bin , Kueh Yee Cheng , Arifin Wan Nor , Konter Erkut , Kuan Garry
Published: March 2020

Sports courage is one of the most important attributes to help competitive athletes overcome anxiety, nervousness, and other psychological obstacles, but this field of study is still being overlooked by most athletes and coaches. The purpose of this study is to validate the Malay language version of the Sports Courage Scale (SCS-M) for Silat athletes using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Data were collected during 9th UPSI International Pencak Silat Championship in Malaysia. A total of 258 competitors (male = 66.7%, female = 33.3%), with a mean age of 18 years (SD = 2.6), volunteered to participate in this study. The original SCS with 50 items underwent forward and backward translations into the Malay language and was pre-tested with ten martial arts athletes. Then, Silat athletes were asked to complete the translated SCS-M questionnaire. There were five factors in the SCS-M (i.e., mastery, determination, assertiveness, venturesome, and self-sacrificial behaviour). The first hypothesised model with 50 items did not result in a good fit to the data (RMSEA = 0.06, CFI = 0.93, NFI = 0.87, NNFI = 0.93, RMR = 0.14, SRMR = 0.09). A total of 17 problematic items were identified and were removed iteratively. The final measurement model with 33 items fit the data well (RMSEA = 0.06, CFI = 0.94, NFI = 0.89, NNFI = 0.94, RMR = 0.05, SRMR = 0.07). The reliability of each subscale based on Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.64 to 0.76. The convergent and discriminant validities were achieved for the final measurement model. The revised version of SCS-M with 33 items was considered valid and reliable for measuring the sports courage in Silat athletes in Malaysia.
The Association of Maternal Accompaniment at Family Dinners and Depressive Symptoms of Korean Adolescents
Authors: Lee Jae-Young , Lee Seul , Park Eun-Cheol , Kim Juyeong , Jang Sung-In
Published: March 2020

This study aims to investigate the association between family dinners involving the participation of both mother and her adolescent child and depressive symptoms within the adolescents. Data from 2183 mother–child pairs obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV–VI (2010–2013, and 2015) were employed in the analysis. The dependent variable of this study was depressive symptom of adolescents. Maternal accompaniment at family dinners was the variable of interest. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to analyze the association between family dinners including both mother and adolescent and depressive symptoms within the adolescent. According to the results, maternal absence in family dinners was significantly associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms in adolescents (OR = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.01–1.99). In particular, the association was strong among adolescents aged 12–15, female adolescents, those with mothers without depressive symptoms, and city dwellers. This study showed that maternal absence at family dinners was strongly associated with depressive symptoms of adolescents. For the sake of adolescent mental health, it may be necessary to consider the implementation of policies that emphasize the importance of maternal accompaniment at family dinners and encourage the presence of mothers at the dinner table.