bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tracking the Genomic Evolution of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma through Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Murugaesu Nirupa , Wilson Gareth A. , Birkbak Nicolai J. , Watkins Thomas B.K. , McGranahan Nicholas , Kumar Sacheen , Abbassi-Ghadi Nima , Salm Max , Mitter Richard , Horswell Stuart , Rowan Andrew , Phillimore Benjamin , Biggs Jennifer , Begum Sharmin , Matthews Nik , Hochhauser Daniel , Hanna George B. , Swanton Charles
Published: May 2015

Esophageal adenocarcinomas are associated with a dismal prognosis. Deciphering the evolutionary history of this disease may shed light on therapeutically tractable targets and reveal dynamic mutational processes during the disease course and following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). We exome sequenced 40 tumor regions from 8 patients with operable esophageal adenocarcinomas, before and after platinum-containing NAC. This revealed the evolutionary genomic landscape of esophageal adenocarcinomas with the presence of heterogeneous driver mutations, parallel evolution, early genome-doubling events, and an association between high intratumor heterogeneity and poor response to NAC. Multiregion sequencing demonstrated a significant reduction in thymine to guanine mutations within a CpTpT context when comparing early and late mutational processes and the presence of a platinum signature with enrichment of cytosine to adenine mutations within a CpC context following NAC. Esophageal adenocarcinomas are characterized by early chromosomal instability leading to amplifications containing targetable oncogenes persisting through chemotherapy, providing a rationale for future therapeutic approaches.

Significance: This work illustrates dynamic mutational processes occurring during esophageal adenocarcinoma evolution and following selective pressures of platinum exposure, emphasizing the iatrogenic impact of therapy on cancer evolution. Identification of amplifications encoding targetable oncogenes maintained through NAC suggests the presence of stable vulnerabilities, unimpeded by cytotoxics, suitable for therapeutic intervention. Cancer Discov; 5(8); 821–31. ©2015 AACR.

See related commentary by Devarakonda and Govindan, p. 796.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 783
PREDICTION OF TRACHEID LENGTH AND DIAMETER IN WHITE SPRUCE (PICEA GLAUCA)
Authors: Mvolo Cyriac S. , Koubaa Ahmed , Defo Maurice , Beaulieu Jean , Yemele Martin-Claude , Cloutier Alain
Published: May 2015

The establishment of patterns of radial and longitudinal variations and the development of models to predict the wood anatomical properties, especially from juvenile wood, are of interest for both wood industry and researchers. Linear regressions were used to predict whole-tree, breast height and mature tracheid length and diameter in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and the WBE model was used to predict the variation of tracheid diameter. Tracheid length and diameter increased from pith to bark. Tracheid length decreased, while tracheid diameter increased from apex to lower heights. Cambial age was the most important predictor of tracheid length. The final tracheid length models with either a log transformation or a third-order polynomial of cambial age explained 82% of the variation in the whole-tree tracheid length. At breast height, 83% of the variation in the whole tracheid length was explained using the juvenile value at a cambial age of 3 years. Up to 87% of the variation was explained by the model, including the average value of juvenile wood. However, mature wood tracheid length at breast height could not be predicted from juvenile wood. Distance from the apex predicted the tracheid widening in outer rings but failed to predict tracheid expansion of samples collected at fixed cambial ages. The WBE explained 86% of conduit widening in the outer rings. The sampling strategy, i.e. collecting samples longitudinally at a fixed cambial age vs. at a fixed calendar year is important in predicting tracheid diameter.
Explaining Adolescents’ Delinquency and Substance Use
Authors: Dijkstra Jan Kornelis , Kretschmer Tina , Pattiselanno Kim , Franken Aart , Harakeh Zeena , Vollebergh Wilma , Veenstra René
Published: May 2015

Objectives:

One explanation for the increase in delinquency in adolescence is that young people are trapped in the so-called maturity gap: the discrepancy between biological and social maturation, which motivates them to engage in delinquency as a temporary means to bridge this gap by emphasizing their maturity. In the current study, we investigated to what extent the discrepancy between pubertal status (i.e., biological maturation) and autonomy in decision making (i.e., social maturation) is related to conflict with parents, which in turn predicts increasing levels of delinquency as well as substance use.

Methods:

Hypotheses were tested by means of path models in a longitudinal sample of adolescent boys and girls ( N = 1,844; M age 13.02) from the Social Network Analyses of Risk behaviors in Early adolescence (SNARE) study using a one-year time interval.

Results:

Results indicate that biological maturation in interaction with social maturation predict conflict with parents, which in turn was related to higher levels of delinquency and substance use over time. No gender differences were found.

Conclusions:

These findings reveal that conflict with parents is an important mechanism, linking the interplay of biological and social maturation with delinquency and substance use in early adolescence for boys and girls.
Towards a General Theory of Tax Practice
Authors: Frecknall-Hughes Jane , Kirchler Erich
Published: May 2015

This article works towards developing a general theory of tax practice by identifying the type of individuals who provide tax services and examining the nature of the fragmented market in which they operate. The empirical studies in the tax practitioner literature have been considered with a view to determining what exactly tax practitioners do and how they interact and deal with the persons on whose behalf they work. This is done with a view to developing a conceptual analysis of their work. Negotiation theory (Wall, 1985) is then posited as a general theory that fits many aspects of tax practitioners and their work, when analysed in this way.
Tax Prats and Citizen Stakeholders
Authors: Bradley Wendy
Published: May 2015

The 2010 UK coalition government set itself four priorities for tax policymaking: to make the UK tax system more competitive, simpler, greener and fairer. This study uses data from tax information and impact notes, a new application of impact assessment methodology, to assess progress towards these goals. Findings show in 2010–2013 a third of tax changes did not contribute to any of the goals, a quarter related to fairness and a fifth to simplification. Whilst competitiveness was poorly served in number of measures, it was significant in terms of tax foregone as a result, and external assessments of UK competitiveness mean it could be argued the objective has been achieved. Green measures were fewer than 7% of any fiscal event and the green objective has been quietly dropped. The article goes on to examine the differing understanding of tax objectives between tax professionals and the wider public and argues that othering non-professionals as ‘tax prats’ should cease in favour of inclusion of ‘citizen stakeholders’.
Reproducing Values: A Feminist Critique of a Higher Secondary Biology Textbook Chapter on Reproductive Health
Authors: Raveendran Aswathy , Chunawala Sugra
Published: May 2015

The aim of feminist critiques of science has been to challenge and dismantle symbolic masculinity in the mainstream, positivist discourse of science that is projected as value-free, objective, context-free and rational, reflecting ‘the truth’ about reality. A large number of these critiques have focused on uncovering androcentric values in scientific theories, raising larger questions on the fact–value dichotomy and pointing out how all fact is essentially value-laden. Our analysis has drawn from this tradition and argues how the science curriculum documents and the NCERT class XII textbook reflect the masculine, positivist discourse of science that upholds the fact–value dichotomy and in doing so communicates mainstream values through the facts that are propounded. In the context of the chapter on reproductive health, we argue that the textbook endorses the patriarchal, reductionist science designed to interfere with the menstrual cycle and technologies that pose risks to the woman’s body. Interviews with three teachers who teach the textbook also reveal that they view the topic as value-laden. The article suggests that textbook writers and teachers reflect on and make explicit the value-frameworks that underpin the ‘facts’ that they communicate to students.
Costs, Security and Discipline: Gendering the Debate on School Choice in India
Authors: Goswami Nirmali
Published: May 2015

There is growing evidence of expansion of public and private schools in India. The notional increase in parental choice of schools which is presumed to accompany the expansion has received mixed responses in academic and development research. While some have celebrated the increase in options available to parents, others have critiqued the framing of the issue and highlighted the structural inequalities which continue to influence educational access in India. However, both these kinds of research have been found deficient in their attention to the gender discourses which shape educational decisions in family settings in India. The present article argues for a gender sensitive understanding of the issue by locating school choice in the multi-lingual and multi-religious context of rural Assam. A close analysis of interviews with students, family members and teachers suggest that educational choices exercised in these working class families are connected with issues of marriage, work and gendered norms of conduct. Apart from considerations of costs, gendered ideas of school proximity, security and discipline are of prime significance in their choice of high school for children and particularly for daughters.
Regional Integration and Cooperation in Latin America
Authors: Malamud Carlos
Published: May 2015

Initiatives built around what is known as “political concertation,” whose theoretical basis is the so-called “post-neoliberal integration,” have pushed the integration process into a permanent headlong rush forwards. This analysis aims to present a general diagnosis of the integration process and describe the short- and long-term options for interregional cooperation. Cooperation in different spheres could be a useful option until a solution is found to the current issues among the various players involved—the Andean Community (CAN) and Mercosur within Unsar, and Mercosur and the Alliance of the Pacific. From this perspective, this article analyses the emergence of the Alliance in relation to its capacity to be, or to come to be, a catalyst for the future of integration. Its capacity to influence will largely depend on its possibilities of perpetuating itself in the future or of making some of its main objectives materialize. The article also discusses the future role of extra-regional players—traditional ones, such as the United States and the EU, and new ones, primarily China. From this perspective, the ongoing regional free-trade mega-negotiations of the TransPacific Partnership (TTP) and Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) introduce a new range of challenges to the region as a whole and to each of its constituent countries. The Latin American economies’ presence in the global value chains and the weight of interregional trade will be heavily affected. Finally, this article analyses the role of infrastructure in the integration process. In this regard, as in others, it is important to bear in mind national interests, far more than any political affinities between the various governments, in the search for increased bilateral relations and regional cooperation.
A Silent Revolution in the Korean Family
Authors: Park Sangyoub
Published: May 2015

Sangyoub Park on quiet but quick changes to Korean family structures.
I Retired. Now Who Am I?
Authors: Falk William W.
Published: May 2015

Consciously uncoupled from the career, Bill Falk considers the self.
Book Review: Osmund Bopearachchi, From Bactria to Taprobane: Selected Works of Osmund Bopearachchi, Vol. I: Central Asian and Indian Numismatics
Authors: Habib Irfan
Published: May 2015

Osmund Bopearachchi, From Bactria to Taprobane: Selected Works of Osmund Bopearachchi, Vol. I: Central Asian and Indian Numismatics (New Delhi: Manohar), 2015, pp. xiii + 701, profusely illustrated, ₹ 3,500.
The firm in Armenian Asian commerce of the seventeenth century
Authors: Hussain Ruquia K.
Published: May 2015

The extensive international trade that the Armenian merchants conducted from Julfa, a suburb of Isfahan in Iran, involved diverse forms of organization which this article examines, based mainly on evidence from the seventeenth century. It particularly explores the complex commenda arrangements and modes of control over agents in diverse distant markets, taking examples especially from the Indian subcontinent.
Book Review: Irfan Habib (with contributions from Najaf Haider, Iqtidar Alam Khan, Shireen Moosvi and Pushpa Prasad), Economic History of Medieval India, 1200–1500, in the series History of Science, Philosophy and Culture
Authors: Alam Ishrat
Published: May 2015

Irfan Habib (with contributions from Najaf Haider, Iqtidar Alam Khan, Shireen Moosvi and Pushpa Prasad), Economic History of Medieval India, 1200–1500, in the series History of Science, Philosophy and Culture, ed., D.P. Chattopadhyaya (Delhi: Longman/Pearson), 2011, pp. XX + 232, ₹ 1,400.
Book Review: Seven Beckert, Empire of Cotton: A New History of Global Capitalism
Authors: Moosvi Shireen
Published: May 2015

Seven Beckert, Empire of Cotton: A New History of Global Capitalism, UK/USA/India: Allen Lane/Alfred A. Knopf/Penguin/Random House (place of publication not indicated), 2014, pp. 615, ₤ 30.
Ethnic identity: a theoretical framework
Authors: Epstein Gil S , Heizler Odelia
Published: May 2015

We present a basic theoretical framework of ethnic identity, i.e., the level of immigrant's commitment to his or her host society as well as the immigrant's commitment to his or her home society. Our model can explain the emerging empirical literature which studies the effect of the immigrants' characteristics, such as age, gender, education, religion, age at arrival, stock of immigrants in the host country, etc., on their ethnic identity (such as theEthnosizer). In addition, this paper can be used as a basis for future empirical and theoretical research on this topic.

JEL classification:F22, J15, Z13.
A parallel finite-element time-domain method for transient electromagnetic simulation
Authors: Fu Haohuan , Wang Yingqiao , Um Evan Schankee , Fang Jiarui , Wei Tengpeng , Huang Xiaomeng , Yang Guangwen
Published: May 2015

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method has been widely used to perform transient electromagnetic simulation. Compared to the traditional FDTD method, the finite-element time-domain (FETD) method with unstructured meshes and an adaptive time-stepping scheme has the potential to dramatically cut down the number of unknowns and the number of time steps. However, with a need to solve a large-scale unstructured sparse matrix at every time step, the FETD method is generally difficult to scale with the available parallel computing resources. To make efficient use of the multicore resources in current computing platforms, we designed a parallel FETD method that used multiple threads to accelerate the key steps for solving a large sparse matrix, including the construction of the preconditioner and matrix-vector multiplication. Using a customized incomplete Cholesky preconditioner, we achieved faster convergence than many existing preconditioners and a scalable parallel performance over multiple cores. To further reduce the total calculation time, we implemented an overlapping scheme and a preconditioner-reusing scheme. The overlapping scheme executed the solver computation and the preconditioner computation concurrently using different parts of the parallel resources. The preconditioner reusing scheme reduced the need to recompute preconditioners when increasing the time-step size, thus reducing the frequency of the less scalable preconditioner computations. It brought performance benefits by reducing the frequency of less scalable preconditioner computation. Computed parallel FETD results showed the same level of accuracy as FDTD results. In terms of parallel performance, using eight cores, the method cut execution time by a factor of 4 (i.e., 50 parallel efficiency). For a realistic salt model, we simulated TEM responses from 0.01 s to 30 s in 5 min, using hundreds of CPU cores.
A comparison of radiated energy from diamond-impregnated coring and reverse-circulation percussion drilling methods in hard-rock environments
Authors: Sun Baichun , Bóna Andrej , Zhou Binzhong , van de Werken Matt
Published: May 2015

We compared and analyzed hard-rock drilling elastic energy emission between diamond-impregnated coring and reverse-circulation (RC) percussion drilling methods from an experiment at Brukunga, South Australia. The two drilling mechanisms generated very different seismic wavefields. This comparison emphasized their energy radiation differences and signal characteristics. From the field data, by investigating the raw data energy, frequency analysis, and crosscorrelation tests, the seismic records from percussive RC drilling provided a strong indication that the drill-bit energy could be suitable for drill-bit seismic imaging purposes; the energy radiation from the percussive RC bit could also provide high-resolution images with borehole seismic acquisition. In contrast, at comparable drilling conditions the coring drilling using a diamond-impregnated coring bit was quiet, the radiated acoustic energy from this drilling mechanism was difficult to detect by a surface receiver array, and there was no convincing visible drill-bit signal observed in the experiment.
Dual-well 3D vertical seismic profile enabled by distributed acoustic sensing in deepwater Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Wu Han , Wong Wai-Fan , Yang Zhaohui , Wills Peter B. , Lopez Jorge L. , Li Yingping , Blonk Bastian , Hewett Ben , Mateeva Albena
Published: May 2015

We have acquired and processed 3D vertical seismic profile (VSP) data recorded simultaneously in two wells using distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) during the acquisition of the 2012 Mars 4D ocean-bottom seismic survey in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico. The objectives of the project were to assess the quality of DAS data recorded in fiber-optic cables from the surface to the total depth, to demonstrate the efficacy of the DAS VSP technology in a deepwater environment, to derisk the use of the technology for future water injection or production monitoring without intervention, and to exploit the velocity information that 3D VSP data provide for evaluating and updating the velocity model. We evaluated the advantages of DAS VSP to reduce costs and intrusiveness, and we determined that high-quality images can be obtained from relatively noisy raw 3D DAS VSP data, as evidenced by the well 1 image, probably the best 3D VSP image we have ever seen. Our results also revealed that the direct arrival traveltimes can be used to assess the quality of an existing velocity model and to invert for an improved velocity model. We identified issues with the DAS acquisition and the processing steps to mitigate them and to handle problems specific to DAS VSP data. We described the steps for conditioning the data before migration, reverse time migration, and postmigration processing to reduce noise artifacts. We outlined a novel first-break picking procedure that works even in the absence of a strong first arrival and a velocity diagnosis method to assess and validate velocity models and velocity updates. Finally, we determined potential applications to 4D monitoring of fluid movement around producer or injector wells, identification of active salt movements, and more accurate imaging and monitoring of complex structures around the wells.
DNA Interactions and Cytotoxicity of the Aryls-Vertexed Zinc(II) Thiosemicarbazone Complex
Authors: Vikneswaran Rajamuthy , Eltayeb Naser Eltaher , Ramesh Subramaniam , Yahya Rosiyah
Published: May 2015

A new mononuclear zinc complex of N-phenyl-substituted thiophene thiosemicarbazone ligand [Zn(Httsc-N-Ph)2] was synthesized and characterized, and investigated as nuclease mimic. As compared to carboplatin, a much greater activity against HeLa cells is exhibited by [Zn(Httsc-N-Ph)2] which binds to DNA through an intercalation mechanism.
Z-scheme Water Splitting into H2 and O2 Using Tungstic Acid as an Oxygen-evolving Photocatalyst under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Suzuki Hajime , Tomita Osamu , Higashi Masanobu , Abe Ryu
Published: May 2015

Tungstic acid (H2WO4) was first revealed to function as a stable and efficient photocatalyst for water oxidation in the presence of Fe3+ as an electron acceptor by utilizing a wider range of visible light compared to the conventional WO3 photocatalyst. Simultaneous evolution of H2 and O2 was demonstrated by combining the H2WO4 photocatalyst with an appropriate H2-evolving photocatalyst in the presence of Fe3+/Fe2+ electron mediator.
Quinoxalineimide as a Novel Electron-accepting Building Block for Organic Optoelectronics
Authors: Hasegawa Tsukasa , Aoyagi Koutarou , Ashizawa Minoru , Konosu Yuichi , Kawauchi Susumu , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar , Matsumoto Hidetoshi
Published: May 2015

Organic semiconductors with a donor–acceptor–donor architecture based on the novel acceptor unit of quinoxalineimide (QI) were designed and synthesized. They absorbed wider wavelength light compared to PC61BM, and functioned as acceptor materials for solution-processed bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices. In addition, the relatively shallow LUMO levels, due to the electron-withdrawing pyrazine and imide groups of the QI unit, resulted in a high open-circuit voltage of the devices.
Large-Scale Blasts Seismic Load on Natural and Technical Objects
Authors: Сясько  , Syasko A. , Гриб  , Grib G. , Гриб  , Grib Nikolay , Качаев  , Kachaev A.
Published: May 2015

Seismic safety of large-scale blasts is one of the most important geoecological aspects of open-cut mining. Seismic load of largescale

blasts which defines integrity of industrial and residential objects is of special interest. The work represents evaluation of

negative seismic impact of large-scale blasts at «Neryungrinskiy» open-cut on the natural and technical systems located in the

blasting zone. The main characteristic of evaluated seismic load of explosion wave damaging natural and technical constructions

is the maximal value of vectorial velocity of earth movement during large-scale blasts. Determination of permissible speed

fluctuation included its frequency content, as waves of different frequency with equal values of drift velocity are dangerous to

various extents. Peculiarities of vibrational frequency of the constructions caused by seismic load of the blasts and self-induced

vibrations were taken into account while evaluating seismic load. Considering spectral content of the vibrations caused by the

blasts and self-induced vibrations values of gas containers and constructions of compressor station, it’s necessary to point out

that the frequencies differ for 1,5—2 times and this is the favourable factor because of impossibility of resonant phenomena

occurrence. Determination of permissible velocity included swinging of the building. Swinging is understood as ratio of maximal

shift of the measured at the top points of the constructions to maximal shift of the foundation ground. According to the results of

direct measurement, swinging does not exceed 1,5 times that’s why it is possible to found on prevailing values of ratios, calculated

by means of experimental way as statistically explained. The permissible velocity should be accepted as Uperm — 1,25 cm/s. for

the objects. By “swing” we understand the correlation of maximum offset measured on top of construction to maximum offset of

subfoundation. According to direct measurements offset rate stays below 1,5, therefore we can rely on prevailing experimentally

obtained value of correlations and set allowable speed to Ual = 1,25 sm/s.
A Method of Predicting Risk of Natural Emergencies on Road Network
Authors: Трофименко  , Trofimenko Yuri , Якубович  , Yakubovich A.
Published: May 2015

The main difficulty of describing natural emergency as a random process is the large number of parameters that must be quantified. Authors suggest threating the onset of emergency as a discrete random variable; each possible implementation corresponds to the defined size of the expected damage to transportation infrastructure. The analysis of the engineering and environmental surveys via geo-information technologies identified expected probability of occurrence and scale of the annual damage for 10 types of emergency situations on long-term (up to 2030) for State Company Russian Highways road network.
How can the configuration of dialysis centres encourage shared care?
Authors: Davison Ian , Cooke Sandra , Gutteridge Robin
Published: May 2015

Based on the responses of 74 interviews from 7 dialysis centres, Ian Davison, Sandra Cooke and Robin Gutteridge argue that shared care shouldn't just be seen as a stepping-stone to home haemodialysis. Reasons for this include increased job satisfaction of nursing staff and ultimately more patients dialysing at home. Six organisational recommendations are made to promote vibrant shared care environments
Career-Related Parental Support of Adolescents With Hearing Loss: Relationships With Parents’ Expectations and Occupational Status
Authors: Michael Rinat , Cinamon Rachel Gali , Most Tova
Published: May 2015

T he study examined the contribution of parents’ occupational status and expectations regarding persons with hearing loss to career-related support they provide their deaf and hard of hearing (dhh) adolescent children. Thirty-eight parents completed the Evaluation of Occupational Competence Scale (Weisel & Cinamon, 2005), the Evaluation of Family Competence Scale (Caprara, Regalia, Scabini, Barbaranelli, & Bandura, 2004), the Career-Related Parent Support Scale (Turner, Alliman-Brissett, Lapan, Udipi, & Ergun, 2003), and a background questionnaire. Parents’ occupational expectations were positively correlated with their family expectations regarding deaf persons. Parents’ occupational status contributed to expectations of success for deaf persons in prestigious occupations with high communication demands. Different types of expectations contributed to career-related parental support. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Attitudes Toward the Capabilities of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Adults: Insights From the Parents of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children
Authors: Crowe Kathryn , Mcleod Sharynne , McKinnon David H. , Ching Teresa Y C.
Published: May 2015

Children who are d/Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) grow up in environments influenced by their parents’ attitudes, which may facilitate or impede these children’s development and participation (World Health Organization, 2007). The attitudes of 152 Australian parents of DHH children ages 3 years 7 months to 9 years 5 months ( M = 6 years 5 months) were investigated with the Opinions About Deaf People Scale (Berkay, Gardner, & Smith, 1995a). The parents’ responses showed very positive attitudes toward the capabilities of DHH adults, particularly on items describing their intellectual and vocational capabilities. Parents’ responses to most of the items on the scale were positively skewed, raising questions about its validity as a research tool when used with parents of DHH children. The study findings suggest that for these children, parents’ attitudes may facilitate rather than present an environmental barrier to their development.
Chronotopic Formulations and Kinship Behaviors in Social History
Authors: Agha Asif
Published: May 2015

Reflexive models of kinship behavior permit social persons to establish kin relations, real or imagined, both with persons they meet and with persons altogether elsewhere, and at varying degrees of spatial and temporal remove in social history. Such chronotopic formulations of social relations enable persons and groups to co-locate themselves and kin-like others in place and time, and through these formulations, to participate in collective social projects in the times and places in which they happen to be living, whether through practices that maintain an established social order or through practices that attempt to alter it or their place within it. Based on examples from the accompanying articles, I provide a comparative discussion and commentary on the many varied and fascinating issues raised in this special collection on “kinship chronotopes.”
Beyond Mystification: Hegemony, Resistance, and Ethical Responsibility in Israel
Authors: Weiss Erica
Published: May 2015

This article reevaluates the usefulness of the theoretical continuum between hegemony and resistance in light of recent Israeli experiences. Specifically, through the comparison of “conscientious objection” and “draft evasion,” I find that the breakdown of hegemonic consciousness is not sufficient to understand why some disillusioned Israeli soldiers choose public resistance against the state, while others choose evasive tactics. I argue that the space between ideological discontent and resistance is fraught with social and ethical considerations. The source of political discontent for disillusioned soldiers is problematization of their military service as an ethical dilemma, though the ethical concerns of these soldiers extend well beyond the overtly political sphere. I contend that this presents a challenge to the opposition of hegemony and resistance, but also to many accounts in political anthropology that implicitly privilege the political sphere as a natural site of self-fulfillment. Many accounts of hegemony and resistance isolate political consciousness from the broader ethical life in which people engage, and thus do not recognize that rejecting public action can be based on prioritizing other values, not only mystification. I find that one’s readiness to resist the state is dependent on the degree of “metonymization” of the individual with the state project, and that cynicism is one way that people articulate the differentiation of their interests from those of the state.
Avoidance as Alterity Stance: An Upper Xinguan Affinity Chronotope
Authors: Ball Christopher
Published: May 2015

I analyze affinal name avoidance among Wauja speakers of Brazil’s Upper Xingu within the frame of Amazonian relationality as a symbolic economy of alterity. Focusing empirically on instances of naming and name avoidance, my analysis locates acts of nomination and acts of alterity in discourse. Names are inalienable possessions passed down across generations that, like gifts, confer essential ties between those who share them. Transmission of proper names in descent and their avoidance in interaction index stances that are situated within Wauja chronotopes. These models of space–time link descent-based names with constancy of ancestral identities through time and link affinity—marked by disrupting paths of transmission—with the pragmatic navigation of everyday spaces to be avoided. Name avoidance in the Wauja context can be seen to index stances of alterity between affines, to invoke chronotopic webs of kinship beyond the interactional encounter, at the same time that it implicitly references and validates wider cosmological preoccupations with difference.
Posthumanism, Philosophy for Children, and Anthony Browne’s “Little Beauty”
Authors: Murris Karin
Published: May 2015

Using a posthuman conceptual framework, I analyze in detail Anthony Browne’s complex decisions about censorship and child protection in the process of creating the written text and the images in his picture book Little Beauty. Analysis of this work exposes many contradictions located in the relationship between science/art, animal/human, fantasy/reality, machine/life, and child/adult and includes Browne’s choice of characters, ending of the story, and the deliberate variety of art styles throughout this work. I offer a theoretical framework for exploring the ethico-politcal role of the artist when producing such a picture book and a practical posthuman pedagogy that interrupts using children’s literature in education as a means to give readers the right moral messages. Instead, I invite students of all ages to interrogate possibly discriminatory conceptual distinctions via philosophical enquiries.
The Portrayal of Puerto Ricans in Children’s Literature
Authors: Acevedo María V.
Published: May 2015

Research has focused on patterns and themes under the umbrella term Latino children’s literature. However, the amount of books portraying Puerto Rican characters, settings, and stories is limited, creating a gap in understanding the representations of Puerto Ricans and Puerto Rican-Latino/as in children’s literature. This study explores the voice of Puerto Ricans through a critical content analysis of fifteen picture books published from 2000 to 2013. The first finding reveals images of rural Puerto Rico present in approximately half of the books and balanced with urban images in the remaining titles. The second finding explores how the stories contribute to resisting colonial discourses as they challenge persistent myths affecting the broad Latino population. These texts illustrate the complexity of being Puerto Rican and Latino/a, as well as explore colonial discourses and resistance within the literature.
Hidden Trauma, Quiet Drama: The Prominence and Consequence of Complicated Grief Among College Students
Authors: Cox Bradley E. , Dean Jessica G. , Kowalski Robin
Published: May 2015

Previous studies suggest the loss of a loved one is a common experience among college students. This paper draws from 2 independent but complementary studies to (a) update statistics regarding the scale of student grieving, (b) characterize the short and long term consequences of loss among college students, and (c) identify factors that deter grieving students from seeking professional assistance at campus counseling centers. The paper concludes with suggestions for ways in which institutions can help affected students stay on track to college success.
An Exploration of Students’ Motivation to Lead: An Analysis by Race, Gender, and Student Leadership Behaviors
Authors: Rosch David M. , Collier Daniel , Thompson Sara E.
Published: May 2015

This exploratory study examined the motivation to lead of a random sample of 1,338 undergraduate students to determine the degree to which motivation to lead can predict leadership behaviors. Results suggested that students’ internal self-identity as a leader positively predicted behavior, while their “social normative” motivation to lead (i.e stemming from the groups to which they belong) served as a negative predictor. These effects emerged even when controlling for self-identified leadership skill and confidence in leading. While no gender differences in motivation levels emerged, students identifying as Asian and Asian American reported lower degrees of motivation to lead compared to their peers, indicating a need to more deeply examine the unique pathways to leadership among students with regard to racial identity.
An Examination of the Alignment of Student-Athletes’ Undergraduate Major Choices and Career Field Aspirations in Life After Sports
Authors: Navarro Kristina M.
Published: May 2015

Today higher education student affairs professionals are charged with not only understanding the challenges and needs of a diverse student body, they must also prepare students for careers in life after college. For this empirical study I explored the undergraduate major choices and career aspirations of 29 senior student-athletes at a large, highly selective Division I/Research I university to further understand how life experiences influence undergraduate major choice and the subsequent alignment of chosen major and future career aspirations. Framed from a constructivist epistemology, findings of this phenomenological study were guided by Savickas’s (2002) career construction theory (CCT). Personal narratives for 29 student-athletes were collected via semistructured individual interviews and analyzed by employing pattern and process coding techniques. Findings suggest 3 overarching life experiences influence undergraduate major choice as well as the alignment of participants’ undergraduate majors and future career aspirations. This article presents implications and recommendations for contemporary student affairs practitioners who work with student-athletes as they engage in processes of career exploration and major choice.
Understanding Students’ Precollege Experiences With Racial Diversity: The High School as Microsystem
Authors: Park Julie J. , Chang Stephanie H.
Published: May 2015

Few qualitative studies consider how high school experiences affect readiness for diversity engagement in college. Using data from an ethnographic case study, three central trends (student experiences within homogeneous high schools, racial divisions within diverse high schools, and students who attended diverse high schools but had little engagement with that diversity) illustrate how students can enter college without meaningful engagement around diversity, even when they attend racially diverse high schools. Findings underscore the essentialness of critically engaging students around issues of race and diversity during the college years, given the general lack of meaningful engagement prior to college.
Transgender Invisibility in Namibian and South African LGBT Organizing
Authors: Currier Ashley
Published: May 2015

The meanings of transgender invisibility in Namibian and South African lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) movements differ from those in LGBT movements in the United States. LGBT activists in Namibia and South Africa voluntarily included transgender rights and persons in the movement beginning in the mid-1990s, yet few constituents identified as transgender. Transgender invisibility in these movements indicates the discrepancy between collective and lived personal identities. Drawing on ethnographic observation of Namibian and South African LGBT activist organizations in 2005–06 and fifty-six interviews with LGBT activists, the article analyzes the contours of transgender invisibility within the Namibian and South African LGBT movements. A focus on transgender invisibility in LGBT movement organizations in Namibia and South Africa illuminates the uneven reception of identity terms and the identity work that LGBT activists in southern Africa perform to encourage constituents to align personal identities with prevailing collective-identity terms.
Would It Be Better for Her Not to Be Born?: Down Syndrome, Prenatal Testing, and Reproductive Decision-Making
Authors: Piepmeier Alison
Published: May 2015

The article examines the reproductive decision-making processes of women who had prenatal testing and learned that their fetus had Down syndrome. Interviews with women who experienced this decisional process have revealed features that are recurrent in these women’s experiences; in fact, in many cases, the decision-making is substantively identical, regardless of the ultimate decision the woman makes. All the women found the decision-making difficult and painful; all identified the fetus as their child and identified themselves as mothers. There was no clear “right” answer for any of the women, so they often struggled with narratives and experiences that were paradoxical. The insights that these interviews provided will enable more nuanced and informed analyses and arguments from feminist disability studies scholars.
“How Beautiful Women Eat”: Feminine Hunger in American Popular Culture
Authors: Davidauskis April
Published: May 2015

The article examines representations of women and food in contemporary popular visual culture and identifies a common type: an overeating thin woman. This type exists in many locations, and the article will focus on the character Liz Lemon from the television show 30 Rock and on the paintings of American artist Lee Price. It will also explore their online reception, especially on the popular women’s blog Jezebel. I argue that these hungry women are challenging conventions of the regulated feminine body by indulgently eating, resisting the tie between restriction and women’s eating habits by enacting a woman empowered through food. The women’s resistance is represented as a pop-feminist intervention into the way that women consume, and are consumed, in contemporary media. The hungry woman reveals fantasies about female pleasure and the assertion of will, and sometimes it represents an ambivalent or fraught relationship to both food and power. However, these representations explore self-expression through food, and the article examines how empowerment through eating often consolidates whiteness. This form of power is being accessed by upwardly mobile white women, and the article shows how eating most often becomes empowering when the body that is consuming that food is marked as individually successful, beautiful, thin, and white.
Return to Premodern Times?—: Contemporary Security Studies, the Early Modern Holy Roman Empire, and Coping with Achronies
Authors: Zwierlein Cornel
Published: May 2015

To express the way that our world is changing, contemporary Security Studies often betray neocyclical forms of argument: the postmodern international system would return to a premodern situation concerning the ways that states are formed, how wars are fought, which actors are active in international politics. This is compared to how three hundred years earlier the copresence of older and newer institutional settings were perceived and expressed. Both are taken as examples to develop a concept of “achronies” and achronic perceptions which differ for premodern, modern, and late modern times, producing cyclical, progressivist, and neocyclical forms of achronic perception.
“There is power in looking”: Surveying the Ambivalence of Surveillance Power in the Tatort Television Series
Authors: Plumly Vanessa D.
Published: May 2015

Surveillance as power is situated in this paper within the broader contextual framework of Germany’s television series Tatort (Crime scene) and assessed via close textual analysis of two contemporary episodes, “Schlafende Hunde” (Sleeping dogs, 2010) and “Auf der Sonnenseite” (On the sunny side, 2008). Both episodes demonstrate the disruption of the established dichotomies of surveillance power structures, revealing the ambivalences of the surveillance state and its individually comprised components. The viewer, too, cannot be left outside of the constellation of surveillance power and, equally, bears responsibility in the assertion of it, while simultaneously being disciplined by it.
Skating on the Border: Hockey, Class, and Commercialism in Interwar Britain
Authors: Leeworthy Daryl
Published: May 2015

Voici un article qui traite de l’évolution du hockey en Grande-Bretagne depuis son apparition au milieu du XIX e siècle jusqu’aux beaux jours de son exploitation commerciale dans les années 1930. L’auteur se penche également sur le fait que le Canada soit mis à part dans les travaux savants existants sur l’Empire britannique « ludique » et sur l’impression que les sports nord-américains n’avaient qu’une importance mineure dans la culture populaire britannique. Il pose comme postulat qu’il faut réexaminer la place du Canada dans cet empire en s’appuyant sur la théorie des régions limitrophes pour montrer que les Britanniques ont adopté le hockey et l’ont inclus dans leurs propres intérêts et, en outre, que ce sport a manifestement fait partie d’une culture commune dans l’Atlantique Nord.
The Emergence of Naturopathy in Two Canadian Provinces: British Columbia and Ontario, 1920-1970
Authors: Adams Tracey L. , Etherington Cole
Published: May 2015

Abstract: This paper explores the development and regulation of naturopathy in two Canadian provinces, Ontario and British Columbia, prior to 1950. Naturopathy has been a regulated profession in British Columbia since 1936. In Ontario the regulated group, since 1926 until recently, has been ‘drugless therapy.’ Through a comparative case study we not only document the early history of naturopathy, and its regulation, but we explore the factors shaping professional regulation and development historically. In particular, we highlight the importance of provincial patterns of professional regulation, and inter-professional relations in shaping regulatory trajectories. Abstract: Voici un article qui traite de l’évolution et de la réglementation de la naturopathie dans deux provinces canadiennes, l’Ontario et la Colombie-Britannique, avant 1950. La naturopathie est une profession réglementée en Colombie-Britannique depuis 1936. En Ontario, le groupe réglementé a été, de 1926 jusqu’à tout récemment, celui des « praticiens ne prescrivant pas de médicaments ». Au moyen d’une étude de cas comparative, nous rendons compte des débuts de la naturopathie et de sa réglementation, mais nous étudions aussi les facteurs qui, pendant très longtemps, ont façonné la réglementation et l’évolution des professions. Nous soulignons en particulier l’importance des caractéristiques provinciales de la réglementation des professions et celle des relations interprofessionnelles dans l’orientation des trajectoires en matière de réglementation.
“Like a Dazzling Curtain of Light”: Fanny Assingham’s Performances of Jewishness in The Golden Bowl
Authors: Stojanovic Nevena
Published: May 2015

This article discusses James’s views of Jewishness and of his portrayal of Fanny Assingham, highlighting his approach to positive (stereotypically) Jewish characteristics as qualities worthy of emulation and illuminating Fanny as a performer of such characteristics. I contend that Fanny, figured as the Queen of Sheba, a symbol of female diplomacy and power, is James’s model for one’s social success in Anglo-America and that this novel of manners can be considered James’s ideological manual for such a success. The article demonstrates that through her performances of positive (stereotypically) Jewish characteristics, Fanny secures her social position, changes the established order in the Verver family, maintains the equilibrium between the European and American branches of the family, and enables Anglo-American unity.
Hungarian Separatist Orthodoxy and the Migration of Its Legacy to America: The Greenwald-Hirschenson Debate
Authors: Ferziger Adam S.
Published: May 2015

Amid the myriad Jewish efforts to accommodate modern Europe’s novel realities, Hungarian Orthodoxy stood out, according to Jacob Katz, in promoting “enhancement of the tradition…limitation of contact with the outside world…[and] exclusion of the recalcitrants.” Over the course of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, prominent disciples of this stream spread its influence to other parts of the Jewish world. Although the Orthodox rabbinic elite that initially arose in America was dominated by Polish and Lithuanian figures, there were a few conspicuous early twentieth century immigrant rabbis in America, whose outlooks and policies were shaped or inspired by their exposures to Hungarian Orthodoxy. The current study engages two of them, Rabbi Yekutiel Yehudah “Leopold” Greenwald (1889-1955) and Rabbi Hayyim Hirschenson (1857-1935). The divergent ways their respective early encounters with Hungarian Orthodoxy were reflected in their subsequent paths, impart vivid evidence of the multiple legacies that Hungarian Orthodoxy nurtured beyond its original borders. Through exploring these variant manifestations of the Hungarian worldview within the American Jewish landscape, this article offers novel perspectives on the way immigrant religious figures navigated the Americanization process that ostensibly was at odds with their European roots.