Ballistic Photons, Justification of their Structure and Movement Patterns
Authors: Nastasenko Valentyn ,   Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Transport Technologies and Mechanical Engineering, Kherson State Maritime Academy, Ukraine
Published: July 2024

Aim: The work relates to the fundamentals of quantum physics and photonics, in particular to the formation of photons in two states: elementary particles and electromagnetic radiation, and the parameters of their structure and motion processes. The study of these problems is a relevant and important task, has not been fully studied. In general case, a photon is considered an elementary particle and wave, quantum of energy emitted by its electromagnetic field, which does not exist without moving at the speed of light. However, the presence of the material part of a photon is not always manifested, so a photon is considered a wave of electromagnetic radiation and the photon has no internal structure and dimensions, except for its wave parameters. The process of photon movement is also problematic. It is believed that it exists as a particle at the moment of its origin, and then it is only the movement of a wave, which, when meeting a target, again turns into an elementary particle. Moreover, ballistic photons is not, and their flight occurs by absorption and re-emission of waves by the environment. However, all these factors have contradictions, the elimination of which is the main goal of the work performed. Its scientific novelty is a new justification for the presence and parameters of a ballistic photon and the processes of its movement on the basis of reliable laws of physics. Methodology: The research methodology is based on the general principles of scientific knowledge, on the application of the laws of dialectics and reliable laws of physics. The author's method was also used – this access to the initial level of the material world, which is formed by physical fields and particles on the basis of natural physical constants: the speed of light c, Planck's constant h, gravitational constant G. New Results of the Work: The possibility of the existence of ballistic photons in the dual form of substance and electromagnetic waves is shown, within the framework of the general physical principles of the existence of elementary particles and the real principles of their movement in the material world. It was found that the disappearance of ballistic photons in flight after their birth and their appearance when meeting a target can be explained by their quantum structure and the process of their movement by quantum jumps based on the Heseisenberg uncertainty principle. Conclusions: The presence of the proposed quantum structure of the photon and the process of its movement is ensured by the absence of contradictions with the real laws of the material world that have a strict physical basis. For to confirm the reality of the existence of ballistic photons in the form of a real quantum mechanical particle, having the shape of a regular hexagon with a side of 1/ 6 of the wavelength λ of their radiation, as well as their movement in quantum jumps at 1/ 6 of the length of this wave, an experiment has been proposed. All laboratories with metrological equipment are invited to conduct the experiment.