bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seafood and Omega-3 Supplementation During Pregnancy and Lactation can be Considered Still Safe after Fukushima Nuclear Accident.
Authors: Luigi Gianluca Di , D’Alfonso Angela , Carta Gaspare
Published: June 2019

Background: Scientific research is constantly expanding our knowledge of nutritional needs in pregnancy and lactation. In June 2014 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued draft-revised advice encouraging pregnant women, those who might become pregnant, breastfeeding mothers and young children to eat more fish, a total of least 8 ounces per week and to eat a variety of fish lower in mercury in particular anchovies, butterfish, catfish, clam, haddock (Atlantic), herring, mullet, oyster, perch (ocean), sardine, shad, trout (freshwater). However, the presence of radionuclides released from the damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Pacific biota has aroused worldwide attention and concern. Objective and Methods: Evaluating all the scientific literature available after the Fukushima nuclear disaster, the aim of this review is to demonstrate the safety of seafood products and the use of omega-3 supplements potentially derived from contaminated radioactive fish. Results and Conclusions: There are no reasons to fear the amount of radiation in Japanese fish. The dose received from seafood consumption can be estimated to result in two additional fatal cancer cases per 10,000,000 similarly exposed people. The safest way to get omega-3 fatty acids during pregnancy is by taking a high-quality fish oil supplement, approved by a governing body that provides proof of quality such as the Council for Responsible Nutrition, the European Pharmocopeia Standard or the Norwegian Medicinal Standard and by the Food and Drug Administration or the Environmental Protection Agency 1, 2. Pregnant and breastfeeding women do not need to cut fish out of their diet completely, and it may be safely eaten up to three times per week safely 3.
Raising Awareness About Breast Milk Composition Among Women in Latvia
Authors: Aumeistere Liva , Aumeistere Liva , Zavadska Dace
Published: June 2019

Background: Breast milk is the ideal food source that contains all components an infant needs. Infants are at risk of receiving possible pollutants and high levels of trans fatty acids through breast milk that may affect their cardiovascular health and cognitive development. Statistics indicate that the proportion of children who are breastfed up to one year of age shows an annual increase in Latvia. Objectives: 1. To review studies conducted among the Latvian population regarding breast milk composition. 2. To evaluate the necessary future studies emphasizing the importance of the trans fatty acid content in a mother’s diet and correspondingly in breast milk and taking into consideration the new changes in Latvian legislation setting the maximum trans fat content in foodstuffs. Conclusions: There is very little research done about the human milk composition in Latvia that could be referable to a general population. It is known that the exposure of breast milk to persistent organic pollutants in Latvia corresponds to the lowest levels detected in the European countries and is not a cause of health disorders. Taking into consideration the adverse effect trans fatty acids have on human’s health regardless of the age, consumption should be as low as possible. Latvia has become the latest European Union country to set the maximum amount of trans fats in foodstuffs, yet there is no information about trans fatty acids content in human milk among women in Latvia. This problem needs to be addressed and set in motion. Therefore, it would be a novel idea to study if the TFA content also declines in milk among Latvian women after the introduction of the new legislation.
Prevalence of Psychological Distress in Suriname In Urban and Rural Areas: The Suriname Health Study
Authors: Gunther PW , Sanches M , Smits CCF , Krishnadath ISK
Published: June 2019

Objective:
To describe the presence of mental distress in a representative sample of the Surinamese ethnic groups in the population, across urban and rural areas.

Design and Methods:
The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale was applied to data from the Suriname Health Study (n=5,434 (15 to 65 years)) designed according to WHO Steps guidelines,to determine prevalences for mental distress in all living areas. Calculations were made in subgroups of sex, age, ethnicity, education, income, marital and employment status. The Odds Ratio (OR) for Sex and Ethnicity was estimated for mild-moderate and severe mental distress.

Results:
An overall prevalence of 3.8% (95%CI, 3.3-4.4) was observed for severe mental distress, 4.9% (95%CI, 4.4-5.5) for moderate mental distress and 10.8% (95%CI,10.0-11.6) for mild mental distress. The OR for mild-moderate and severe mental distress was 0.7 and 0.5 for men compared to women and higher prevalence of all categories of mental distress were found in women compared to men. Respondents with lower education and lower income showed higher prevalence of all categories of mental distress. Prevalence was also higher among respondents living in urban versus rural coastal areas, among singles versus people living with a partner and in unemployed versus employed. Maroons had higher Odds for mild-moderate and severe mental distress compared to Hindustani. Amerindian and Javanese had lower Odds for mild-moderate mental distress and Creole had lower Odds for Severe mental distress compared to Hindustani.

Conclusions:
Overall 19.5% of respondents reported mental distress. The main risk factors were female gender, Maroon ethnicity, low level of education and income, living in urban areas, unemployment and being single.
On the Role of Cholecystokinin (CCK) in Fear and Anxiety: A Review and Research Proposal
Authors: Crespi Francesco
Published: June 2019

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is found in high concentrations in cortical and limbic structures including the amygdala of rodents, and evidence has been gathered supporting a role for CCK in the neurobiology of anxiety. A variety of animal models have been used to study a central state of fear or anxiety, state that appears to produce a complex pattern of behaviors highly correlated with each other. It is now well established that the amygdala in particular is a critical link in the pathway through which sensory stimuli come to acquire fear evoking properties. The purpose of the proposed experiments is to study the role of the putative neurotransmitter CCK in fear and anxiety in vivo by means of a methodology coupling electrochemical and electrophysiological measurements in various brain areas. Indeed, the association of in vivo differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) with in vivo extracellular single unit recording could be able to provide concomitant physiological and neurochemical indications and to relate them to behavioral events. To further study and support the initial observations pharmacological experiments will also be performed by means of CCK receptor agonists and antagonists. This may eventually lead to development of more effective pharmacological strategies for treating clinical anxiety disorders.
A synonymous variant in GCK gene as a cause of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zubkova Natalia A. , Rubtsov Petr M. , Burumkulova Fatima F. , Ibragimova Liudmila I. , Makretskaya Nina A. , Vasilyev Evgeny V. , Petrov Vasily M. , Tiulpakov Anatoly N.
Published: June 2019

The diagnosis of MODY as a subtype of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is important for an adequate management during pregnancy and the postnatal period. The present report describes a case of GDM caused by a synonymous с.666CG р.V222V substitution in the GCK gene. The variant, which was initially ranked as likely benign, was later proven to be pathogenic by in vitro studies. The с.666CG substitution led to the use of a new donor splice site and synthesis of the aberrant mRNA with deletion of 16 base pairs. The case illustrates that additional clinical and experimental data may be required for the correct interpretation of sequence variants pathogenicity.
Online Test using Design Banana Pi and Local Network
Authors: Aji Brian Rakhmat
Published: June 2019

At this time the exam using paper rated less cumbersome and inefficient. In this case the teacher will make difficult to assess the answers and take a long time to finish the job. In developing this system, the author is still in the development stage by using Banana Pi sebgai server, and use a router to a local network, this system is expected to facilitate the teacher to correct the test results.This test system uses CodeIgniter framework as a backend and frontend using material design. The system is easy to use and portable for a local network to connect them.
A Review Paper on Big Data and Data Mining Concepts and Techniques
Authors: Prasdika Prasdika , Sugiantoro Bambang
Published: June 2019

In the digital era like today the growth of data in the database is very rapid, all things related to technology have a large contribution to data growth as well as social media, financial technology and scientific data. Therefore, topics such as big data and data mining are topics that are often discussed. Data mining is a method of extracting information through from big data to produce an information pattern or data anomaly
Müzik Öğretmenliği Lisans Programı Öğrencilerinin Müzik Performans Kaygı Düzeyleri (Ankara-Gazi Üniversitesi Örneği)
Authors: DOĞAN Ceren , TECİMER Belir
Published: June 2019

Bu
çalışmanın amacı Gazi Üniversitesi, Müzik Öğretmenliği Ana Bilim Dalı
öğrencilerinin müzik performans kaygı düzeylerini belirlemektir. Bu amaç
doğrultusunda, öğrencilerin müzik performans kaygı düzeylerinin negatif
performans algısı, psikolojik savunmasızlık, somatik kaygı, kişisel denetim
ve fizyolojik savunmasızlık açısından değerlendirilmesi
hedeflenmiştir. Araştırma verilerini toplamak amacıyla lisans programında
öğrenim gören 110 öğrenciye ulaşılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak
2004’de Kenny tarafından geliştirilen ve 2013’te Tokinan tarafından Türkçe’ye
uyarlanan “Kenny Müzik Performans Kaygısı Envanteri” kullanılmıştır. Envanter
25 maddeden oluşmaktadır. Envanterin maddeleri negatif performans algısı,
psikolojik savunmasızlık, somatik kaygı, kişisel denetim ve fizyolojik
savunmasızlık olarak toplam beş faktörde dağılmaktadır.  Verilerin analizi için  öğrencilerin müzik
performans kaygısı toplam puanları ve alt faktörleri toplam puanları
hesaplanmıştır. Alt boyutların frekans ve yüzde değerleri de ayrıca tablolar
halinde verilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda Ankara Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim
Fakültesi Müzik Eğitimi Ana Bilim Dalı’nda 2016-2017 öğretim yılında öğrenim
görmekte olan öğrencilerin müzik performansı ile ilgili orta düzeyde kaygı
duyduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Alt boyutlar içerisinde kaygı düzeyinin en yüksek
görüldüğü boyut kişisel denetimdir. Ardından fizyolojik savunmasızlık alt
boyutunda dile getirilmiş olunan kas gerginliği ile ortaya çıkan kaygı durumu
ikinci sırada yer almaktadır. Mesleki müzik eğitimi alan öğretmen adaylarında
ortaya çıkan müzik performansı için kaygı durumunda erken müdahalede
bulunulması önerilmiştir.
Adaptation of Teachers’ ICT Integration Proficiency Scale into Turkish
Authors: KUL Ümit , BİRİŞÇİ Salih , KUTAY Veli
Published: June 2019

The
purpose of the present study is to explore validity and reliability of the
Turkish adaptation of the “Teachers’ ICT Integration Proficiency Scale (TIPS)”
developed by Hsu (2017) from National Taiwan University. After the translation
stages of the Turkish form, it was applied to a total of 362 teachers from
different branches employed by different school types. The construct and
concurrent validity were used to determine the validity of the scale.
Confirmatory factor analysis completed for construct validity observed the
Turkish form of the scale had 5 dimensions and that this model had good fit
(χ2=151.58, SD=53, RMSEA=0.08, GFI=0.93, AGFI=0.88, CFI=0.95, NFI=0.91,
NNFI=0.96). For concurrent validity, there were significant correlations
observed between TIPS and TICTS. The Cronbach alpha coefficient and item-total
correlations were examined to determine the reliability of the scale. The
Cronbach alpha internal consistency reliability coefficients for the dimensions
of the scale of preparation (α = .77), production (α = .83), instruction (α =
.90), development (α = .79) and issues (α = .79) were determined to have
sufficient reliability. The correlation coefficients between the items and
total of the Turkish form of the scale were found to vary from 0.37 to 0.69.
These results show that the Turkish form of the scale is a valid and reliable
scale.
Participation in Decision-making Process as A Predictor of Organizational Cynicism at Schools
Authors: Yıldırım İsa , Akan Durdağı , Yalçın Sinan
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study is to reveal the level of secondary school teachers in
participating to the decision making process, organizational cynicism and the
relationships between these two variables. The participants of the research, which
was conducted in the relational screening model, consisted of 14 secondary schools
selected by the random sampling method in the Erzurum Province Yakutiye District
and 289 teachers working in various branches in these schools. Two types of data
collection tools, named as Decision-making Participation and Organizational
Cynicism Scale, were used in the research. According to the findings gathered in the
research, the level of participation of teachers in the decision making process is high
and the level of organizational cynicism is low. It was found out that the scores of
the teachers' participation in the decision making process and the organizational
cynicism a moderately negative correlation; organizational environment with
dimensions of participation in decision-making process and individual
attitudesexplained about 33% of the variance in organizational cynicism.
Análise das aritméticas de Moore, Kaucher e RDM na solução de problemas de minimização
Authors: Maraschin Júnior Dirceu Antonio , Tortelli Lucas Mendes , Finger Alice Fonseca , Loreto Aline Brum
Published: June 2019

No trabalho com computação numérica são constatadas diferentes fontes de erros que, quando não são inerentes às incertezas contidas nos dados de entrada do sistema, podem ser ocasionados pelo simples fato de se operar sobre a aritmética de ponto flutuante. Nesse sentido, a aritmética intervalar possui garantias de resultado correto, assim, pode-se oferecer maior confiabilidade nos resultados gerados. É nesse contexto que este trabalho apresentará três aritméticas intervalares: Moore, Kaucher e RDM-IA; sendo apresentadas suas propriedades em termos teóricos, bem como suas formas de representação de valores e operações básicas. Em contrapartida à computação utilizando dados reais, estas três aritméticas intervalares serão testadas utilizando alguns problemas de minimização global, os quais são comumente utilizados no teste de otimização de algoritmos. Todas as computações foram realizadas utilizando a linguagem Python. Ao final, será dado o apontamento sobre qual das aritméticas intervalares demonstra maior confiabilidade e exatidão na busca da solução para os problemas dados no exemplo prático. O objetivo é demonstrar que existem alternativas viáveis no que se refere a problemas ocasionados pelo sistema de ponto flutuante, podendo-se obter resultados confiáveis com garantias de sua qualidade. Além disso, que existem aritméticas intervalares que também são alternativas à clássica de Moore, com abordagens mais recentes, as quais buscam suprimir suas falhas, adicionando ainda mais confiabilidade no resultado.
Uso de ferramentas de mineração para análise da absorção de água em formulações cerâmicas com resíduo oriundo da região da campanha
Authors: Mendonça Gabryella Cerri , Ferreira Cristiano Corrêa , Ferreira Vera Lucia Duarte
Published: June 2019

Os avanços tecnológicos têm como vantagens o barateamento de custos de componentes até mudanças de paradigmas, permitindo a coleta de grandes bases de dados para diversas aplicações. A utilização de ferramentas que permitam a captação, o gerenciamento e análise das informações, são fatores fundamentais a qualquer empresa que quer ter uma significativa participação no mercado. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo utilizar a mineração de dados para classificar corpos de prova cerâmicos formulados com diferentes percentuais de cinza de casca de arroz (0:0; 0:10; 0:20 e 0:30) por meio de ensaios de caracterização física (absorção de água). O processo de fabricação dos corpos de prova ocorreu por prensagem e a secagem foi realizada de modo natural e artificial, ao final desse processo os corpos de prova foram sinterizados na temperatura de 800ºC. A metodologia utilizada para caracterizar a absorção de água seguiu os procedimentos da M-CIENTEC 0-22 (1995). Para a aferição dos resultados encontrados no teste de absorção utilizou-se os parâmetros da norma NBR 15270-2005 e análise estatística através do software WEKA. Ao final observou-se que todos os corpos de prova da formulação 0:0 e 70% da formulação 0:10 estão dentro dos índices físicos recomendados para blocos de vedação. As demais formulações apresentaram resultados fora do recomendado. Em relação ao software WEKA o algoritmo classificador escolhido para obter-se a árvore de decisão foi J48 e o Kappa statistic obtido foi de 0.88.
Comparação entre o modelo de malha móvel e o modelo de fonte de quantidade de movimento para a simulação numérica do princípio de funcionamento de tanques misturadores
Authors: Soares Laísa Luiz , Galarça Marcelo Moraes , Dos Santos Elizaldo Domingues , Oliveira Júnior João Américo Aguirre
Published: June 2019

O presente trabalho tem o intuito de apresentar uma comparação entre dois modelos numéricos capazes de simular o princípio de funcionamento de tanques misturadores, os quais são utilizados em diversas indústrias químicas, entre elas, para a produção de biodiesel. O objetivo é realizar uma comparação entre os resultados obtidos com estes modelos e os resultados encontrados na literatura, a fim de mostrar a capacidade de predição dos modelos desenvolvidos e o esforço computacional de cada um deles. As simulações numéricas foram realizadas utilizando o software FLUENT, baseado no Método de Volumes Finitos (MVF). A comparação dos resultados entre o presente trabalho e dados encontrados na literatura, foi realizada a partir da previsão dos campos de velocidade monitorados no escoamento. Em geral, foi encontrado bom acordo entre os resultados do presente trabalho e resultados da literatura, com relação ao comportamento do escoamento, em determinados pontos que foram analisados no interior do tanque. Foi atestado também, uma grande diferença no tempo e esforço computacional entre os dois modelos numéricos.
Análise numérica da profundidade de submersão de um dispositivo coluna de água oscilante submetido à incidência de um espectro de ondas do tipo Pierson-Moskowitz
Authors: Deus Matheus José de , Santos Elizaldo Domingues , Isoldi Liércio André , Rocha Luiz Alberto Oliveira , Gomes Mateus das Neves
Published: June 2019

Hoje em dia a utilização de energia no mundo é amplamente discutida, e, portanto é necessário que novas fontes renováveis de energia surjam. Uma fonte energética disponível é o oceano, onde a energia contida nas ondas do mar pode ser transformada em energia elétrica. Este trabalho tem o objetivo analisar numericamente o efeito da profundidade de submersão na potência hidropneumática disponível de um dispositivo conversor de energia das ondas do mar em energia elétrica, cujo princípio de funcionamento é o Coluna de Água Oscilante (CAO). Para representar o problema computacionalmente utilizou-se o modelo Volume of Fluid na interação fluido-estrutura entre a onda e o dispositivo CAO num tanque de ondas. Além disso, é considerado o espectro de Pierson-Moskowitz, que representa condições de mar. Neste estudo, as características do espectro de ondas foram: período significativo Ts = 7,50 s, profundidade h = 10 m e altura significativa Hs =1,50 m. Os resultados indicam que a profundidade de submersão do dispositivo CAO, para as configurações geométricas e condições de mar adotadas neste trabalho, não tem influência significativa na potência hidropneumática disponível.
Elaboração de um programa para dimensionamento de lajes retangulares de concreto armado submetidas a um carregamento uniforme, com bordos apoiados, engastados ou livres, conforme a NBR 6118:2014
Authors: Costa Leidiane Amorim , Viegas Carlos Henrique Hernandorena , Moura Márcio Wrague , Real Mauro Vasconcellos
Published: June 2019

Ao longo dos anos, estamos vivenciando uma revolução na área da informática, onde o aumento da capacidade de armazenamento de dados e o desenvolvimento de sistemas computacionais são exemplos bons dessa evolução. Porém, o custo elevado de softwares desenvolvidos para o dimensionamento de estruturas de concreto armado, acarreta no distanciamento deles com os estudantes do curso de engenharia civil e a falta de vivência com os mesmos. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo automatizar e sistematizar através de uma rotina computacional, o dimensionamento de lajes maciças em concreto armado, em formato retangular, submetidas a um carregamento uniformemente distribuídos, podendo estarem apoiadas em bordos apoiados, engastados ou livres, de acordo com o proposto pela norma NBR 6118:2014. Para isto, se utilizou a linguagem de programação Visual Basic, desenvolvida para compilar aplicações orientadas a objeto, possibilitando a utilização do software em ambiente Windows através de uma interface gráfica muito prática e acessível. A partir dos dados de entrada introduzidos pelo usuário, o programa executa o dimensionamento de lajes usuais em edifícios de concreto armado com as características descritas.
The influence of half-range quadrature scheme on ADO method convergence
Authors: Ribeiro Dalvana Lopes , Prolo Filho João Francisco
Published: June 2019

In this work, a discrete ordinates solution for a neutron transport problem in one-dimensional Cartesian geometry is presented. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the half-range quadrature scheme, the Analytical Discrete Ordinates method (ADO) is used to solve two classes of problems in finite and homogeneous media (with isotropic and linear anisotropic scattering), for steady-state regime, without inner source and prescribed boundary conditions. Numerical results for the scalar fluxes were obtained and comparisons with other works in the literature were made. The versatility of the use of quadratures has always been seen as an advantage of the ADO method which, besides providing accurate results at a low computational cost, has a simpler approach, allowing the use of free software distribution for the simulations. In the results analysis, it was verified that the use of the half-range quadrature was able to accelerate the convergence, mainly in linearly anisotropic problems.
A Hybrid High-Order Discretization Method for Nonlinear Poroelasticity
Authors: Botti Michele , Di Pietro Daniele A. , Sochala Pierre
Published: June 2019

In this work, we construct and analyze a nonconforming high-order discretization method for the quasi-static single-phase nonlinear poroelasticity problem describing Darcean flow in a deformable porous medium saturated by a slightly compressible fluid.
The nonlinear elasticity operator is discretized using a Hybrid High-Order method, while the Darcy operator relies on a Symmetric Weighted Interior Penalty discontinuous Galerkin scheme.
The method is valid in two and three space dimensions, delivers an inf-sup stable discretization on general meshes including polyhedral elements and nonmatching interfaces, supports arbitrary approximation orders, and has a reduced cost thanks to the possibility of statically condensing a large subset of the unknowns for linearized versions of the problem.
Moreover, the proposed construction can handle both nonzero and vanishing specific storage coefficients.
Convergence and Preconditioning of Inexact Inverse Subspace Iteration for Generalized Eigenvalue Problems
Authors: Nasser Rayan , Sadkane Miloud
Published: June 2019

This paper focuses on the inner iteration that arises in inexact inverse subspace iteration for computing a small deflating subspace of a large matrix pencil.
First, it is shown that the method achieves linear rate of convergence if the inner iteration is performed with increasing accuracy.
Then, as inner iteration, block-GMRES is used with preconditioners generalizing the one
by Robbé, Sadkane and Spence
[Inexact inverse subspace iteration with preconditioning applied to non-Hermitian eigenvalue problems,
SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 31 2009, 1, 92–113].
It is shown that the preconditioners help to maintain the number of iterations needed by block-GMRES to approximately a small constant.
The efficiency of the preconditioners is illustrated by numerical examples.
On statistical convergence in quasi-metric spaces
Authors: İlkhan Merve , Kara Emrah Evren
Published: June 2019

A quasi-metric is a distance function which satisfies the triangle inequality but is not symmetric in general. Quasi-metrics are a subject of comprehensive investigation both in pure and applied mathematics in areas such as in functional analysis, topology and computer science. The main purpose of this paper is to extend the convergence and Cauchy conditions in a quasi-metric space by using the notion of asymptotic density. Furthermore, some results obtained are related to completeness, compactness and precompactness in this setting using statistically Cauchy sequences.
An inverse problem for the wave equation with source and receiver at distinct points
Authors: Vashisth Manmohan
Published: June 2019

We consider the inverse problem of determining the density coefficient appearing in the wave equation from separated point source and point receiver data. Under some assumptions on the coefficients, we prove uniqueness results.
The Hebrew dative: Usage patterns as discourse profile constructions
Authors: Dattner Elitzur
Published: June 2019

The dative in Hebrew poses a problem for a unified characterization as no single criterion seems to guides its interpretation. The present paper approaches this problem from a usage-based perspective, suggesting a multifactorial account of dative functions in Hebrew. Analyzing a corpus of Hebrew dative clauses with multivariate statistical tools I reveal the usage patterns associated with each dative function, showing that traditional descriptions of dative functions are not reflected in usage. Working within a Usage-Based perspective, in which the meaning of a word is its use in language, I argue that Hebrew has only four distinct dative usage patterns, termedDiscourse Profile Constructions: conventional correspondences between a multifactorial usage pattern and a unified conceptualization of the world. The four Discourse Profile Constructions are: (i) the Extended Transitive Discourse Profile Construction, (ii) the Human Endpoint Discourse Profile Construction, (iii) the Extended Intransitive Discourse Profile Construction, and (iv), the Evaluative Reference point Discourse Profile Construction. By revealing such correspondences between usage patterns and conceptualizations, the present paper (i) broadens the Construction Grammar notion of Argument Structure Construction, and (ii), suggests an innovative account for the notion of usage as a factor in the conventional pairing between form and function.
Crystal structure of dibromidobis(4-bromobenzyl)tin(IV), C14H12Br4Sn
Authors: Lee See Mun , Lo Kong Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: June 2019

C14H12Br4Sn, monoclinic, I2/a (no. 15), a = 12.6379(2) Å, b = 4.9674(1) Å, c = 26.1845(4) Å, β = 94.507(1)°, V = 1638.71(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0142, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0358, T = 100 K.
Energy characteristics of a nonlinear layer at resonant frequencies of wave scattering and generation
Authors: Angermann Lutz , Yatsyk Vasyl V. , Yatsyk Mykola V.
Published: June 2019

This work presents a mathematical model, a computational scheme and experimental results describing the electrodynamic characteristics of a nonmagnetic, isotropic, E-polarized, nonlinear layered dielectric object with a cubically polarizable medium. The nonlinear object is irradiated by a quasi-homogeneous field, where the incident field constitutes of a packet of phase-synchronized plane oscillations. In the case under consideration the excitation may consist both of a highly intense electromagnetic field at a basic (fundamental) frequency, which results in the generation of the third harmonic, as well as of weakly intense fields at multiples of the basic frequency which produce no harmonics, but only have an influencing effect on the processes of wave radiation. The investigations were carried out within the setting of a coupled system approach at resonant excitation frequencies determined by the eigenvalues of the induced eigenvalue problems. A verification of the energy balance law is carried out. By means of estimations for the conditionalities of the occuring matrices, the level of degeneration of the induced non-self-adjoint spectral problems as well as the sensitivity of the coupled system of nonlinear boundary value problems with respect to computational errors are verified.
Agreement between parental and student reports on respiratory symptoms and school environment in young Romanian children – evidence from the SINPHONIE project
Authors: Lu Yi , Marks Tia , Lin Shao , Neamtiu Iulia A. , Csobod Eva , Gurzau Eugen
Published: June 2019

Background

Environmental research involving children often relies on the self-report or parental report of symptoms and environmental issues. While previous studies explored the agreements between child and parental reports, few of them were conducted in younger children and in developing countries. In this study, we addressed the research gaps by assessing the agreement between child and parental report on respiratory symptoms and school environment in Romanian primary schools.

Methods

Two hundred and eighty students from five schools and their parents participated in this study. Information on child’s respiratory symptoms and perceptions of school environment was collected via both student and parent questionnaires. Agreement between the two questionnaires was assessed by absolute agreement rates and kappa statistics. Prevalence index (PI), bias index (BI) and maximum attainable kappas were calculated to identify potential sources of disagreements.

Results

The agreement between student and parent questionnaires was low. Compared to the student’s report, parents often reported more symptoms than their children, particularly flu-like symptoms, and school environment problems. Parent and child tend to agree when there was no symptom reported, but disagreements often occurred when symptoms were reported. After adjusting for the PI, the agreements for asthma and allergic symptoms improved substantially. Disagreement on reporting of flu-like symptoms was strongly affected by pre-existing causes, such as different understandings of the questions between students and parents.

Conclusion

Parental report may have a higher sensitivity in capturing a child’s respiratory symptoms and school environment problems compared to self-report among young children in developing countries.
El uso de las redes sociales entre los estudiantes de Grado de Maestro en Un entorno exclusivamente online
Authors: Calderón-Garrido Diego , León-Gómez Alicia , Gil-Fernández Raquel
Published: June 2019

Este trabajo tiene como finalidad conocer el uso de las redes sociales en la formación inicial de futuros maestros en una Universidad en la que se opera exclusivamente on line, y comparar los resultados obtenidos en función del género, edad, grados y cursos. Para ello se ha partido de las diez redes sociales más usadas: Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, Skype, SoundCloud, Tumblr, Twitter, WhatsApp, Wechat y YouTube. La metodología se ha basado en el diseño, validación y administración de un cuestionario vía online con el que se ha obtenido una muestra valida de 130 participantes. De entre los resultados más destacables podemos señalar que las redes más usadas son WhatsApp, Facebook y Skype, pero su uso académico por parte de los alumnos no es todo lo productivo que cabría esperar teniendo en cuenta su potencial para estos fines, como sucede por ejemplo con Facebook, en especial en entornos de enseñanza virtuales. Sin embargo, los datos de uso de YouTube, denotan que a pesar de no ser la más utilizada por estos alumnos, es a la que se saca mejor partido en este sentido, constituyendo para ellos un recurso de aprendizaje habitual. También se ha podido comprobar que Pinterest tiene mayor uso académico que Instagram, a pesar del mayor uso que tiene la segunda entre los jóvenes en la actualidad, lo que se explica por la edad más elevada del alumnado y la versatilidad de Pinterest para mostrar presentaciones y trabajos.
La mujer en la ideologia anticlerical republicana. Un estudio desde la prensa malagueña
Authors: Medina Ruiz Israel David , Fernández Paradas Antonio Rafael
Published: June 2019

El proceso de laicización social experimentado en España desde principios del siglo XX conllevó un anticlericalismo político activo que supuso un cambio en un amplio sector de la población. Si bien el republicanismo español ha sido tradicionalmente anticlerical, conforme se acercaba el tercer decenio sus postulados iban a ser cada vez más vehementes. El objetivo que queremos conseguir con esta investigación es visibilizar a la mujer durante este periodo histórico y bajo esta ideología concreta, para así conocer la postura del anticlericalismo en cuanto al incipiente feminismo y el comienzo de la salida de la mujer del ámbito familiar. Para tal fin hemos utilizado una metodología cualitativa que nos ha permitido analizar de forma exhaustiva la prensa republicana malagueña como fuente principal de estudio. Esta fuente nos va a proporcionar datos importantes para comprender tanto la situación de la mujer como la del hombre, ya que este va a tener sus recelos y sus miedos ante el nuevo rol que está adquiriendo la mujer. Una mujer tradicionalmente silenciada, sin opciones más allá de la esfera privada del hogar, pero que también en este primer tercio de siglo va a experimentar un despertar y un comienzo de la lucha por sus derechos, como veremos, y no solo atendiendo a sus impuestos deberes a tenor de la “ley natural” que le es propia. Un republicanismo anticlerical que va a tener un posicionamiento claro sobre el papel y la función de la mujer como ser social.
Zwischen „Brückenschlag“ und „Riss“: Die Kontroverse um die „Wehrmachtsausstellung“ in Deutschland als erinnerungskultureller Generationenkonflikt
Authors: Winkler Magdalena
Published: June 2019

This paper examines the controversy triggered by the „Wehrmachtsausstellung“, an exhibition on the war crimes of the Wehrmacht during the Second World War, displayed from 1995 to 1999. By analysing the debates surrounding the controversy, it shall be investigated to what extent generationally different approaches of remembrance of National Socialism and the Holocaust emerged in the course of the discussions. As will be shown, the controversy partially emerged due to the generational shift concerning history and memory.
Das Partherreich als Bindeglied der Seidenstraße zwischen China und Rom
Authors: Darlap Bettina
Published: June 2019

This paper analyses the role of the Parthian Empire in the Silk Road trade between China and the Roman Empire. It examines Parthian, Roman and Chinese sources to achieve a better understanding of its importance for trade contacts along the Silk Road. As the analysis will show, Roman and Chinese sources differ greatly in their interpretation of the role the Parthians played within these trade networks, and they shed light on different aspects of the relationships, be it trade or otherwise.
Dämonen als „Krankheitserreger“ in den sumerisch-akkadischen Beschwörungen des Muššu᾿u-Handbuches
Authors: Perl Manuela
Published: June 2019

This paper discusses the ancient Mesopotamian phenomenon of demons as „pathogens“, taking for example the so-called Muššu᾿u manual, which contains Sumerian as well as Akkadian incantations. The oldest texts contained therein date back to the first millennium BC, the youngest to the fourth century BC. Based on these incantations, it will be clarified which demons are mentioned by name and what kind of knowledge the texts reveal about demonic beings.
What to Do with Epicardial Coronary Artery Abnormalities That do not Result in Myocardial Ischemia?
Authors: Conti C. Richard
Published: June 2019

When epicardial arteries with minimal CAD do not limit flow are found at coronary angiography, all cardiologists agree that aggressive risk factor modification and use of appropriate drugs are warranted. Some consider plaque sealing of minor coronary lesions with balloon angioplasty to prevent future infarction. Others believe that a coronary lesion that does not cause ischemia should not have the plaque sealed but should have FFR and the non-ischemia producing stenosis should be treated with aggressive risk factor modification (DEFER study). Evidence based data e.g. DEFER, relates to populations, not the individual. Thus these data provide guidelines, which are suggestions for decision making. The weight of evidence favors angioplasty/stent for epicardial vessels that result in myocardial ischemia. Sealing of non flow limiting plaques with angioplasty must await further information derived from invasive and non invasive studies.
Making Medicines in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda in the AIDS Era
Authors: Chorev Nitsan
Published: June 2019

Can foreign aid help the development of local industrial production in poor countries? Studies offer a range of reasons why foreign aid is doomed to fail. Anthropologists highlight the exploitative nature of foreign assistance, while economists emphasize the incompetence of international programs. This paper offers a sociological analysis that identifies specific conditions under which foreign aid can lead to the development and upgrading of local manufacturing. Based on a systematic comparison of local pharmaceutical companies in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda, I show that foreign aid contributed to the development and upgrading of a local pharmaceutical industry when it provided three resources in particular: markets, monitoring, and mentoring. When donors were willing to procure local drugs, they created markets, which gave local entrepreneurs an incentive to produce the kinds of drugs donors would buy. When donors enforced exacting standards as a condition to access those markets, they gave local producers an incentive to improve the quality of their products. Finally, when donors provided guidance, it enabled local producers to meet the higher quality standards. Foreign aid has structural limits, however, and it is vulnerable to local conditions; state capacity, in particular, is an important constraint on aid's effectiveness.
Historicizing Embedded Autonomy
Authors: Fang Zhicao , Hung Ho-fung
Published: June 2019

The theory of “embedded autonomy” suggests that a developmental state needs to maintain a balance between autonomy and embeddedness to succeed. This paper argues that such a balance is not stable but contingent on an alignment of local, national, and global factors. With the local developmental state of Dongguan, China, as an example, we see how the global economy's search of low-cost labor and the national government's encouragement of decentralized local growth since the 1980s created a successful, autonomous local state that was benignly embedded in a network of foreign investors and local residents. This balance brought about more than two decades of phenomenal economic growth. However, starting in 2006 both the central and provincial governments shifted their priority from economic growth to industrial upgrading. The central government also adopted a new bureaucratic rotation rule to prevent long tenure of local officials at the same locality. In these new circumstances, Dongguan found itself trapped in the short-sighted vested interests of traditional foreign investors and rentier local residents. The result was stagnation in both economic growth and industrial upgrading. The paper suggests that the reproduction of embedded autonomy cannot be taken for granted, and that embeddedness of the state at one stage of development can become a hindrance to its autonomy at another stage.
In the General's Valley
Authors: Wyrod Robert
Published: June 2019

Since the turn of the millennium, the landscape of development in Africa has undergone a dramatic shift. China has significantly expanded its foreign aid and investment in the region, decentering the West as Africa's main development partner. What is largely missing from China-Africa scholarship, however, is attention to how the new Chinese presence in Africa is both embedded in and altering everyday social relations. This article examines these issues in a rural setting in Uganda that is in the midst of a large-scale transformation into a China-funded industrial park. It reveals that the complex new politics of Chinese development assistance are intertwined with, and often exacerbate, existing social inequalities based in politics, class, ethnicity, and race. More conceptually, these dynamics demonstrate the need to rethink how we frame development as a transnational field of social practice. China is more than an outlier within the global field of development and instead should be viewed as pursuing its own form of development, what I call “developmental pragmatism.” As this case study illustrates, this developmental pragmatism often turns on synergies between the business-focused development approach of the Chinese and the priorities of more authoritarian governments—synergies that require much greater critical attention.
Signatures of Recent Positive Selection in Enhancers Across 41 Human Tissues
Authors: Moon Jiyun M , Capra John A , Abbot Patrick , Rokas Antonis
Published: June 2019

Evolutionary changes in enhancers are widely associated with variation in human traits and diseases. However, studies comprehensively quantifying levels of selection on enhancers at multiple evolutionary periods during recent human evolution and how enhancer evolution varies across human tissues are lacking. To address these questions, we integrated a dataset of 41,561 transcribed enhancers active in 41 different human tissues (FANTOM Consortium) with whole genome sequences of 1,668 individuals from the African, Asian, and European populations (1000 Genomes Project). Our analyses based on four different metrics (Tajima’s D, FST, H12, nSL) showed that ∼5.90% of enhancers showed evidence of recent positive selection and that genes associated with enhancers under very recent positive selection are enriched for diverse immune-related functions. The distributions of these metrics for brain and testis enhancers were often statistically significantly different and in the direction suggestive of less positive selection compared to those of other tissues; the same was true for brain and testis enhancers that are tissue-specific compared to those that are tissue-broad and for testis enhancers associated with tissue-enriched and non-tissue-enriched genes. These differences varied considerably across metrics and tissues and were generally in the form of changes in distributions’ shapes rather than shifts in their values. Collectively, these results suggest that many human enhancers experienced recent positive selection throughout multiple time periods in human evolutionary history, that this selection occurred in a tissue-dependent and immune-related functional context, and that much like the evolution of their protein-coding gene counterparts, the evolution of brain and testis enhancers has been markedly different from that of enhancers in other tissues.
UV Laser-Induced, Time-Resolved Transcriptome Responses ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Hauser Melinda , Abraham Paul E , Barcelona Lorenz , Becker Jeffrey M
Published: June 2019

We determined the effect on gene transcription of laser-mediated, long-wavelength UV-irradiation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by RNAseq analysis at times T15, T30, and T60 min after recovery in growth medium. Laser-irradiated cells were viable, and the transcriptional response was transient, with over 400 genes differentially expressed at T15 or T30, returning to basal level transcription by T60. Identification of transcripts exhibiting enhanced differential expression that were unique to UV laser-irradiation were identified by imposing a stringent significance cut-off (P < 0.05, log2 difference >2) then filtering out genes known as environmental stress response (ESR) genes. Using these rigorous criteria, 56 genes were differentially expressed at T15; at T30 differential expression was observed for 57 genes, some of which persisted from T15. Among the highly up-regulated genes were those supporting amino acid metabolic processes sulfur amino acids, methionine, aspartate, cysteine, serine), sulfur regulation (hydrogen sulfite metabolic processes, sulfate assimilation, sulfate reduction), proteasome components, amino acid transporters, and the iron regulon. At T30, the expression profile shifted to expression of transcripts related to catabolic processes (oxidoreductase activity, peptidase activity). Transcripts common to both T15 and T30 suggested an up-regulation of catabolic events, including UV damage response genes, and protein catabolism via proteasome and peptidase activity. Specific genes encoding tRNAs were among the down-regulated genes adding to the suggestion that control of protein biosynthesis was a major response to long-wave UV laser irradiation. These transcriptional responses highlight the remarkable ability of the yeast cell to respond to a UV-induced environmental insult.
Der Kalkulationszinsfuß in der Unternehmensbewertungspraxis – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von Ermessensentscheidungen
Authors: Toll Christian , Leonhardt Tobias
Published: June 2019

Dieser Beitrag zielt darauf ab aufzuzeigen, wie sich in der Bewertungspraxis mitunter vorzufindende Ermessensentscheidungen hinsichtlich der Bestimmung des Kapitalisierungszinssatzes auf das Ergebnis einer Unternehmensbewertung auswirken. Als Anwendungsfall bietet sich der Aktionärsausschluss gem. §§ 327a ff. AktG an, da hier in Abhängigkeit vom Verfahrensfortschritt für die beteiligten Parteien – zunächst für den Hauptaktionär, aber später durchaus auch für die Minderheitsaktionäre – ein Anreiz besteht, etwaige Ermessensspielräume zum eigenen Vorteil bzw. Nachteil der jeweils anderen Partei zu nutzen. Im Zuge der Auseinandersetzung mit dem Basiszinssatz, der Marktrisikoprämie, dem Beta-Faktor, der persönlichen Besteuerung und dem Wachstumsabschlag wird deutlich, dass die Bewertungsgrundsätze des IDW für eine interessengeleitete Ausnutzung von Ermessensspielräumen hinsichtlich der Bestimmung des Kapitalisierungszinssatzes einen ergiebigen Nährboden bieten. Zudem decken die Ausführungen auf, dass es dem mit der Bewertung beauftragten Wirtschaftsprüfer möglich ist, seine Entscheidungen bezüglich der Ermessensausübung mit Hilfe des IDW S 1 gegenüber Dritten zu „immunisieren“. Daher weist der Beitrag darauf hin, dass eine Rückbesinnung auf die von Moxter (1976) mit Blick auf das Schutzbedürfnis der Betroffenen thematisierten „Grundsätze ordnungsmäßiger Unternehmensbewertung“ sowie das Leitbild des „Ehrbaren Kaufmanns“ allen Beteiligten in Erinnerung rufen sollte, wie sich ein „ordentlicher“ und „ehrbarer“ Unternehmensbewerter insbesondere in dominierten Bewertungssituationen wie der des aktienrechtlichen Aktionärsausschlusses verhalten sollte.