bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El género Juniperus (Cupressaceae) en México y Guatemala: análisis numérico y morfológico
Authors: Zanoni Thomas A. , Adams Robert P.
Published: January 2017

The relationships of the 18 taxa of the genus Juniperus in Mexico and Guatemala were examined using analysis of variance, multiple range tests, and numerical taxonomic methods on the 64 morphological characters used. Four species complexes were apparent. The "flaccidan" complex consisting of two varieties of J. deppeana. Juniperus patoniana Martínez which is closely associated with varieties of J. deppeana and is treated as a variety of J. deppeana . Juniperus durangensis, J. standleyi , and all three forms of J. monticola comprise the "monticolan" complex. The one-seed complex includes J. comitana, J. erythrocarpa, J. gamboana, J. monosperma var. gracilis, and J. saltillensis. Juniperus erythrocarpa var.coahuilensis was not different from J. erythrocarpa . Two species, J. blancoi and J. jaliscana , do not appear to be related to the other cedars of Mexico and Guatemala.
Deliberations on leaf venation as supported by the Annonaceae
Authors: Klucking Edward P.
Published: January 2017

Extensive studies of the leaves of the Annonaceae indicates that the genera of this family can be characterized by describing the nature and degree of development of the venation patterns of the species of the genus. The variation in the venation patterns of the species of a genus represent different phases of development in the lines or tendencies toward the realization of characteritic pattern of venation. Large genera (usually those with 75 species or more) show greater variation in venation patterns than smaller genera and some reveal more than one line or trend.
Secuencia de polen del cráter Tlaloqua (volcán La Malinche, Tlaxcala, México)
Authors: Ohngemach Dieter
Published: January 2017

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Lluvia de polen moderno en diferentes hábitats del Valle de México
Authors: Palacios-Chávez Rodolfo
Published: January 2017

Mediante la colecta de musgos y líquenes en diferentes habitats del Valle de México, se han extraído los granos de polen que éstos han retenido durante el tiempo que han permanecido en esos lugares, se han identiflcado la mayor parte de ellos, se efecluaron conteos y se observaron los espectros polínicos modernos en los principales tipos de vegetación. que son los siguientes: bosque de Pinus hartwegii, bosque de Abies, bosque de Quercus, bosque de Juniperus, matorral de Opuntia, Zaluzania, Mimosa y pastizal. De acuerdo con los espectros polínicos obtenidos en los diferentes tipos de vegetación se pudo apreciar lo siguiente: en las lluvias el polen moderno del bosque de Pinus hartwegii, el polen más abundante resultó ser el de Pinus, con porcentajes entre 57.4 y 86.5%. En los bosques de Abies, eI polen de este género resultó escaso y por lo tanto en los espectros polínicos de este tipo de vegetación, se encuentra en bajos porcentajes que varían entre 23.32 y 29.19%. En los espectros polínicos deI bosque de Quercus, el polen más abundante fue el de los encinos con porcentajes entre 41.36 y 64.29%. En los bosques Juniperus se considera que no se obtuvo una buena representación del espectro polínico, debido a que el polen de Juniperus esta representado en muy bajas proporciones que varían entre 7.61 % y 12%, en cambio el polen de pino se' encuentra en mayores porcentajes. En el matorral de Opuntia, Zaluzania y Mimosa se obtuvieron resultados en los cuales hay notables diferencias en los porcentajes del polen de las Compositae, en una localidad resulta en menores proporciones con 22.69% en cambio en la otra es dominante y abundante con 59.4%. Resultados parecidos se encontraron en los espectros polínicos de los pastizales, en una de las localidades eI polen de las Graminae tambien resulta escaso en el espectro polínico respectivo con 23.61 %, pero en la otra localidad es dominante y con porcentaje mas elevado de 45.15%. El polen de· Pinus, Abies, Quercue y Alnus se considera el mas abundante por encontrarse en todos los habitats y algunas veces está sobrerrepresentado.
Biología floral del género Cassia en la región de Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz
Authors: Delgado-Salinas Alfonso O. , Sousa-Sánchez Mario
Published: January 2017

El presente trabajo contribuye al conocimiento de la polinización y biología floral en el género Cassia. El estudio se realizó, fundamentalmente, en la región de Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, y las especies donde se efectuaron las observaciones fueron las siguientes: Cassia fistula, Cassia doylei, Cassia fruticosa, Cassia bicapsularis, Cassia leiophylla, Cassia obtusifolia, Cassia occidentalis y Cassia biflora . Se analizó la floración de todas las especies que se encuentran en la región y se observó cierta asincronía en los períodos de floración, particularmente en las especies arbóreas, proponiéndose la existencia de un aislamiento estacional entre las especies. En base a la observación de la morfología y disposición de las partes florales, así como al comportamiento de los polinizadores, esto deriva en un aislamiento mecánico-etológico. Finalmente, se revalúan algunas características reproductivas que deben ser consideradas en futuros estudios taxonómicos en el género Cassia.
Musgos de Zacatecas, México. I.
Authors: Delgadillo-M. Claudio , Cardenas-S. Ma. Angeles
Published: January 2017

La flora de musgos conocida para Zacatecas comprende 36 especies y variedades. Veintinueve de ellas son nuevas para el estado. Aloina rigida var. rigida, Phascum cuspidatum y Pterygoneurum ovatum son además nuevas para México. La familia Pottiaceae parece ser la predominante en la flora de musgos de Zacatecas.
Tephrosia woodii (Leguminosae), una nueva especie del estado de Oaxaca, México.
Authors: Téllez-Valdéz Oswaldo
Published: January 2017

Se describe una especie nueva, Tephrosia woodii (Leguminosae) del Estado de Oaxaca, México, se da distribución geográfica y datos ecológicos, se discute brevemente su relación con T. mexicana y se elabora clave para su separación de las especies afines.
Contribution to the knowledge of the morphology of pollen grains of the most common genera of the Euphorbiaceae family in Mexico
Authors: Díaz-Zavaleta Guillermo , Palacios-Chávez Rodolfo
Published: January 2017

In this work, the morphological study of the pollen grains of 51 species corresponding to 47 genera of the Euphorbiaceae family is made. In the species selected for this study, it was found that most of them have tricolporated pollen grains, often with transverse grooves. The ornamentation that occurs most frequently in the microspores studied is the reticular, followed in importance by the gemate (with the Croton pattern) and to a lesser extent the per-reticular, psilate, equine and baculate. The pollen grains of some species can be easily differentiated, as in the case of Acalypha flagellata, Alchornea latifolia, Adelia barbinervis, Caperonia casteneifolia, Drypetes brownei, Hura polyandra, Mabea accidenta/is, Phyllanthus adenodiscus, Reverchonia arenaria, Sapium macrocarpum and Tetrorchidium rotundatum.
Notas sobre el género Bursera (Burseraceae) en Michoacán (México). I. Tres especies nuevas de los alrededores de la presa del infiernillo, con algunos datos relativos a la región
Authors: Guevara-Fefer F. , Rzedowski J.
Published: January 2017

Se hace una breve caracterización ambiental de la región del Infiernillo y sus alrededores (Michoacán, México), en donde se distribuyen tres especies nuevas del género Bursera que son: Bursera infernidialis, Bursera paradoxa y Bursera sarukhanii . Se hace la descripción de las mismas con algunas anotaciones acerca de sus afinidades, resaltando el carácter no exfoliante de la corteza de B. paradoxa (perteneciente a la sección Bursera) y sugiriendo que tal característica, si bien es constante en casi todos los miembros de la sección Bullockia del género, no es exclusiva de la misma; por lo que tal rasgo no resulta determinante en la separación y diferenciación de las dos secciones del género Bursera. De igual manera, se destaca la gran similitud existente entre los órganos foliares de esta especie y Commiphora kraeuseliana Heine,que es una especie perteneciente a un género emparentado con Bursera y endémica del SW de Africa.Tomando en consideración la presencia del número relativamente alto de endemismos, se sugiere que probablemente las diferentes regiones ecológicas de la gran Depresión del Balsas, representan a su vez diferentes centros de diversificación de ciertos grupos de plantas.
La germinación de Panicum hirsutum Swartz: una arvense de cultivos de zonas inundables
Authors: Orozco-Segovia Alma D. L. , Vázquez-Yanes Carlos
Published: January 2017

Panicum hirsutum es una gramínea arvense frecuente en zonas perturbadas y campos de cultivo inundables de Tabasco, México. En particular es abundante en las zonas en que se practica el sistema de cultivo tradicional denominado "marceño". En este trabajo se estudia la respuesta germinativa de las semillas de la especie frente a diversos tratamientos, como son: tiempo de remojo y almacenamiento, temperatura, termoperiodo, luz, y ácido giberélico. Los resultados demuestran cómo las características de la latencia de esta especie le permiten sobrevivir las condiciones ambientales fluctuantes de los ciclos anuales de inundación y  cultivo, e invadir eficientemente estos últimos.
Grabowskia geniculata (Solanaceae) y su presencia en México
Authors: Chiang-Cabrera Fernando
Published: January 2017

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Carta a los miembros de la Sociedad Botánica de México y lectores del Boletín
Authors: Lot Antonio
Published: January 2017

Editorial
Un siglo de la botánica en México
Authors: Rzedowski J.
Published: January 2017

Versión algo modificada de la exposición presentada en la sesión de la Sociedad Botánica de México del 6 de septiembre de 1979. No debe entenderse como una relación histórica formal ni exhaustiva, sino más bien como un ensayo por decantar y apreciar los rasgos y los personajes más sobresalientes de la botánica mexicana a partir de 1865, basándose mayormente en datos de la literatura publicada. Los lectores interesados en una información más amplia y precisa pueden consultar los trabajos enumerados en la lista bibliográfica.
Agustín Cueva en la década de 1960: dilemas acerca de cultura e identidad ecuatoriana
Authors: Tzeiman Andrés
Published: January 2017

El presente trabajo recorre la primera etapa de la obra de Agustín Cueva (1937-1992), sociólogo ecuatoriano que representa una de las figuras más importantes en el legado del pensamiento social en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, no solo en su propio país, sino también en América Latina. Se estudian sus trabajos de la década de 1960, especialmente durante la segunda mitad de dicha década pues, por una parte, allí se sitúa el comienzo del itinerario de su prolífica producción intelectual y, al mismo tiempo, resulta aquella etapa menos difundida y más postergada en el abordaje de su obra. Estas páginas repasan tanto sus aportes más relevantes acerca del arte y la cultura en Ecuador, tópico excluyente de sus trabajos sesentistas, como las influencias teóricas que Cueva recibió en dicho período de su trayectoria intelectual.
El concepto de Matriz de Pensamiento: una propuesta epistemológica decolonial para el escenario actual latinoamericano
Authors: Soto Pimentel Verónica
Published: January 2017

La nueva crisis que enfrentan los gobiernos latinoamericanos de proyectos políticos contrahegemónicos –que habían logrado importantes avances para la inclusión– frente al (re)fortalecimiento de un bloque de países con proyectos de corte neoliberal que han tendido a agudizar las problemáticas sociales regionales plantea la pregunta sobre cómo romper este retorno al mito de Sísifo. Con sustento en presupuestos del pensamiento decolonial, se plantea la hipótesis de que ello sería consecuencia, en parte, de la presencia de rasgos eurocéntricos en la construcción del saber sobre las problemáticas sociales y su solución en los proyectos políticos que se debaten en la región. Este escrito propone una categorización del concepto de Matriz de Pensamiento que permita identificar la presencia de dichos rasgos en los fundamentos epistemológicos de los proyectos políticos latinoamericanos, los que pasarían desapercibidos desde categorías derivadas de formas hegemónicas del saber.
Revoluciones sin sujeto. Slavoj Žižek y la crítica del historicismo posmoderno de Santiago Castro-Gómez
Authors: Retamozo Martín
Published: January 2017

Reseña de Revoluciones sin sujeto. Slavoj Žižek y la crítica del historicismo posmoderno
Presentación del dossier. Pensamiento social latinoamericano y caribeño
Authors: Cortez David , Orozco Gabriel , Castro-Gómez Santiago
Published: January 2017

Presentación del Dossier "Pensamiento social latinoamericano y caribeño"
Reseña El proceso de construcción de una comunidad en seguridad entre Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú. Red de Política de Seguridad
Authors: Alvarez Rosas Nicolás
Published: January 2017

La publicación del libro El proceso de construcción de una comunidad en seguridad entre Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú, constituye una de las más recientes contribuciones de la academia latinoamericana a los estudios de seguridad regional. En un momento en que los bloques regionales se encuentran bajo la lupa, y los asuntos de seguridad cobran cada vez mayor importancia a nivel global, la publicación conjunta de la Red de Política de Seguridad, evidencia el sitial de relevancia que debemos otorgar actualmente a los estudios de seguridad en la región.Una propuesta interesante y realista que supone un detallado escrutinio sobre los antecedentes de consolidación de las comunidades de seguridad, una revisión actualizada sobre los desafíos y posibilidades de la región en la materia y una serie de planteos concretos para superar las dificultades a las que nuestro continente se encuentra expuesto. La obra se compone de cinco trabajos elaborados por connotados especialistas de la región. Por Perú, lo hace Andrés Gómez de la Torre; por Chile, Jaime Baeza y María Cristina Escudero; por Bolivia, José Rocabado; por Colombia, Henry Cancelado y Eduardo Pastrana; y por Brasil, Antonio Ramalho.
Evaluación de la policía de proximidad en la ciudad de Santa Fe
Authors: Campoy-Torrente Pedro , Chelini Ariel , Soto-Urpina Carles
Published: January 2017

Las políticas públicas de seguridad necesitan ser evaluadas para poder demostrar su eficacia. Una de las prácticas más extendidas es la policía de proximidad, que convive con aspectos clásicos de carácter managerial orientados a la resolución de problemas específicos. Una de las formas para evaluar una intervención es el método de medición del desplazamiento y difusión de beneficios de Bowers y Johnson (2003). Perseguimos dos objetivos: conocer si este método se puede aplicar en el contexto de Santa Fe y conocer si esta metodología es útil para evaluar la eficacia de la policía de proximidad. Se tomaron datos desde el inicio de la estrategia en el barrio “7 Jefes” (área A). Comparando los resultados un año antes y un año después, se han ponderado los resultados con posibles barrios objeto de desplazamiento (o difusión de beneficios) (área B) y con un barrio control (área C).
Inseguridad y mecanismos barriales de protección en el Perú urbano
Authors: Bonilla Rojas Diana , Vizcarra Castillo Sofía
Published: January 2017

Este trabajo explora y compara, a través del empleo de técnicas cualitativas, las nuevas percepciones de inseguridad que se han generado en los últimos años en los vecinos de dos barrios urbanos del Perú y los respectivos mecanismos barriales de protección que han implementado para darles una respuesta. Por un lado, la Ronda Urbana del barrio de “Agua de Pajaritos” en el distrito de Huamachuco, departamento de La Libertad, y por otro lado las rejas y vigilantes en las calles del barrio de La Huerta en el distrito del Rímac, departamento de Lima. Si bien ambos barrios se sitúan en contextos urbanos diferentes, en ambos casos se han evidenciado características comunes que permiten aproximarse a las percepciones sobre inseguridad y las visiones sobre la provisión de seguridad, a veces contradictorias con el ideal de convivencia ciudadana en las ciudades modernas.
Crimen organizado en una ciudad de América Latina: la Ciudad de México
Authors: Alvarado Mendoza Arturo
Published: January 2017

Este es un estudio sobre la delincuencia organizada urbana en la Ciudad de México. El artículo plantea una manera de definirla desde la perspectiva de la economía, como firmas criminales; explica el funcionamiento de estas organizaciones, su arraigo e impacto urbano, así como sus límites para crear y mantener su poder de mercado. Este trabajo propone un modelo para explicar la operación de las organizaciones definidas como Crimen Organizado (en adelante co) en las ciudades de América Latina. Sus acciones tienen un alto impacto en el costo de la violencia, la calidad de vida de sus habitantes y en la gobernanza urbana. La literatura del co explica parcialmente la articulación entre el mercado internacional de productos y servicios ilícitos y la venta a detalle local. Sin embargo, no explica cómo surgen y operan las organizaciones locales urbanas y cuáles son sus especificidades. Para resolver este problema propongo un concepto que llamaré firma criminal urbana.
The Relationship Between Stigma and Trauma in Adults Living with HIV
Authors: Zeligman Melissa , Hagedorn W. Bryce , Barden Sejal M.
Published: January 2017

Stigma associated with HIV is considered a major stressor for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) that affects quality of life and may serve as a barrier to effective care and treatment. This manuscript explores the prevalence of stigma among PLWHA (N = 124), differentiates the ways that stigma manifests itself (i.e., personalized, disclosure concerns, negative self-image, public attitudes), and examines the predictive nature of stigma in how individuals experience an HIV diagnosis. Multiple regression analyses and canonical correlations indicate that stigma was found to be correlated with, and predictive of, experiencing an HIV diagnosis in a consequential and potentially traumatic way. Lastly, implications for mental health counselors are presented.
Clinical forms of shoulder instability in pediatric patients
Authors: Proshchenko Yaroslav N. , Baindurashvili Alexei G. , Brianskaia Ananstasiya I. , Prokopovich Evgeny V. , Nikitin Maksim S. , Afonichev Konstantin A.
Published: January 2017

Background. The recurrence rate of adolescent chronic shoulder instability is approximately 56%–68%. However, this pathology is often missed in childhood and adolescence.Aim. To identify the clinical forms of shoulder joint instability in pediatric patients.Materials and methods. The authors present the data from 57 pediatric patients aged 3−17 years with a total of 61 unstable shoulder joints. All patients were divided into groups according to the form of instability. Traumatic chronic shoulder instability was identified in 40 patients (Bankart and Hill–Sachs injuries). Of these, non-traumatic shoulder instability was diagnose in 17, including five with recurrent dislocation, and spontaneous shoulder dislocation due to dysplasia of glenoid and labrum was diagnosed in 12. Of the 57 patients in the study cohort, 53 underwent surgery. Postoperatively, two patients developed recurrent shoulder dislocation (Andreev–Boichev technique) due type III shoulder dysplasia in the first patient and multidirectional injury in the second.Conclusions. Shoulder joint instability should be considered as the traumatic or non-traumatic form. Treatment decisions should be based on anatomical characteristics that predispose to recurrent dislocation.
A Tool for the Quantitative Anthropology of Music: Use of the nPVI Equation to Analyze Rhythmic Variability within Long-term Historical Patterns in Music
Authors: Daniele Joseph R
Published: January 2017

The development of musical style across time and geography is of particular interest to historians and musicologists, yet quantitative evidence to support these trends has been lacking. This paper illustrates a novel application of the nPVI ('normalized pairwise variability index') equation to probe and quantify the rhythmic components of music over time. The nPVI equation quantifies the average difference between adjacent events in a sequence (e.g. musical notes in a melody, successive vowels in a spoken sentence). Building upon an earlier finding that German/Austrian composer nPVI values increased steadily from 1600 to 1950 (while Italian composers showed no such increase), the nPVI 'distribution' of themes from individual composers was quantitatively explored. Interestingly, the proportion of 'low nPVI' or 'Italianate' themes decreases rapidly with time while 'high nPVI' (more Germanic) themes concomitantly increase in frequency. 'Middle range nPVIs' exhibit a constant incidence, arguing for a replacement of 'low nPVIs' (Italianate) with 'high nPVIs' over a short time instead of a more modest, long-term progressive shift. Thus, the precise rhythmic components of complex stylistic shifts in music can be quantitatively extracted from music and support the historical record and theory.
Text Painting, or Coincidence? Treatment of Height-Related Imagery in the Madrigals of Luca Marenzio
Authors: Strykowski Derek R.
Published: January 2017

Text painting is a defining characteristic of the sixteenth-century madrigal style, especially in association with references to height. Whereas composers cannot have given musical illustration to every such reference contained within the text of a madrigal, the question of whether or not the music that accompanies a particular reference to height constitutes an actual example of text painting is sometimes unclear. To explore this problem empirically, the frequency with which musical excerpts from a corpus of 201 madrigals composed by the Italian composer Luca Marenzio satisfied three proposed definitions of height-related text painting was measured. The three definitions required a vocal part to contain either a large leap, stepwise motion, or an extreme of pitch. Positive correlations were observed between the appearance of music conforming to each of the respective definitions and the presence of height-related imagery in the text, yet only in passages that satisfied more than one definition. The research suggests that no single definition is a reliable indicator of height-related text painting, and that most legitimate examples rely on multiple compositional devices.
How Near Will You Hear? A Response to Benadon, "Near-unisons in Afro-Cuban Ensemble Drumming"
Authors: Martens Peter
Published: January 2017

Fernando Benadon (2016) shines a strong objective light onto slight but noticeable timing perturbations in Afro-Cuban drumming practice, coining the term near-unisons to describe non-simultaneous attacks that are perceived as such, but that are also perceived to correspond to the same point on an abstract isochronous grid. I speculate that these data uncover an aspect of the music that will most likely be perceived qualitatively rather than quantitatively—an element of style rather than one of structure—but that the quantitative approach taken here is a crucial first step toward the stylistic analysis of genre-specific microtiming that is generally painted over with the broad brushes of participatory discrepancy or groove.
Editor's Note
Authors: Shanahan Daniel
Published: January 2017

No abstract available.
Preventing the Tragedy of Suicide Among Indigenous People in Canada: Physician Advocacy Through the Training Pipeline and Beyond
Authors: Deschner Max , Glanz Emilie
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTFor decades, Canada’s Indigenous populations have experienced high rates of suicide relative to the general population. This com­mentary suggests that suicide among Indigenous people cannot be explained solely through the causal effects of downstream de­terminants of health; upstream health determinants such as Canada’s colonial past and cultural continuity are equally, if not more, instructive in understanding the tragedy that is taking place in many Indigenous communities across Canada. Medical trainees and physicians can contribute to improvements in Indigenous health by advocating for culturally safe healthcare access and research, as well as Indigenous-oriented medical training. RÉSUMÉPendant des décennies, les populations autochtones au Canada ont connu des taux élevés de suicide comparativement à la popula­tion générale. Ce commentaire suggère que le suicide chez les personnes autochtones ne peut être expliqué uniquement par les effets causaux des déterminants de la santé « en aval » ; les déterminants de la santé « en amont », tels le passé colonial du Canada et la continuité culturelle, sont tout aussi, sinon plus importants pour comprendre la tragédie se déroulant dans plusieurs communautés autochtones à travers le Canada. Les médecins et étudiants en médecine peuvent contribuer à l’amélioration de la santé autochtone en plaidant pour de la recherche et un accès aux soins de santé qui sont culturellement sécuritaires, et pour des formations médicales axées sur la santé autochtone.
Narrative Exposure Therapy: An Innovative Short-Term Treatment for Refugees with PTSD – Interview with Dr. Morton Beiser
Authors: DCruz Jennifer T , Joseph Joanne
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTDr. Morton Beiser is a Professor of Distinction in Psychology at Ryerson University, as well as Founding Director and Senior Scientist at the Centre of Excellence for Research on Immigration and Settlement (CERIS) in Toronto. After obtaining his medical degree from the University of British Columbia in 1960, he interned at the Montreal General Hospital, completed residency in Psychiatry at Duke Uni­versity Medical Centre and pursued post-doctoral training in Psychiatric Epidemiology at Cornell University. Dr. Beiser was appointed as Associate Professor of Behavioural Sciences at the Harvard School of Public Health from 1967 to 1975, before returning to Toronto to assume a David Crombie Professorship of Cultural Pluralism and Health, and professorship in Psychiatry. Given his extensive research experience on immigration and resettlement work, we interviewed Dr. Beiser to gain further insight into how Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) can be an innovative short-term option to treat refugee patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PSTD). Dr. Beiser is currently conducting a randomized trial to assess the effectiveness of NET among refugee children and youth in Toronto. RÉSUMÉDr Morton Beiser est un professeur distingué en psychologie à l’Université Ryerson, ainsi que directeur fondateur et scientifique prin­cipal au Centre d’excellence pour la recherche en immigration et en intégration (CEREI) de Toronto. Après avoir obtenu son doctorat en médecine à l’Université de la Colombie-Britannique en 1960, il a fait son internat à l’Hôpital général de Montréal, a complété sa résidence en psychiatrie au centre médical de l’Université Duke et a suivi une formation postdoctorale en épidémiologie psychiatrique à l’Université Cornell. Dr Beiser a été nommé professeur agrégé en sciences du comportement à l’École de santé publique de Harvard de 1967 à 1975, avant de retourner à Toronto pour occuper la Chaire David Crombie sur le pluralisme culturel et la santé, et la chaire de psychiatrie. Compte tenu de sa vaste expérience en recherche sur l’immigration et la réinstallation, nous avons interviewé Dr Beiser pour mieux comprendre comment la thérapie d’exposition descriptive (TED) est une option novatrice à court terme pour traiter les patients réfugiés atteints de trouble de stress post-traumatique. À l’heure actuelle, Dr Beiser mène un essai randomisé pour évaluer l’efficacité de TED chez les enfants et jeunes réfugiés de Toronto.
Interim Federal Health Program for Refugees: Looking Back and Moving Forward
Authors: Abdihalim Hamid Yusuf
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTRefugee health continues to be an important topic in domestic and foreign affairs. In Canada, the interim federal health program (IFHP) is what provides refugees with healthcare insurance. Since 2012, there have been a series of changes to the IFHP. Due to the precari­ous status of the IFHP over the past few years, there have been a number of challenges associated with it. This commentary provides a review of the IFHP’s history, outlines specific challenges that remain within the program, and puts forward potential solutions to those challenges. RÉSUMÉLa santé des réfugiés continue d’être un sujet important dans les affaires domestiques et étrangères. Au Canada, le programme fédéral de santé intérimaire (PFSI) est responsable de fournir l’assurance maladie aux réfugiés. Depuis 2012, il y a eu une série de change­ments au PFSI. Étant donné l’état précaire du PFSI au cours des dernières années, il existe un certain nombre de défis qui y sont as­sociés. Ce commentaire fournit un aperçu de l’histoire du PFSI, souligne les défis précis qui persistent dans le programme, et propose des solutions potentielles à ces défis.
The Community Health Worker Model: A Grass-Roots Approach for Measles Prevention in Refugee Camps
Authors: Baier Kristina , Deonandan Raywat
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTSyria’s protracted civil war has resulted in massive population movements into refugee camps. Such movements, in conjunction with lower vaccination rates, potentiate infectious disease outbreaks. Measles transmission is a continuous threat in refugee camps, and a sustainable approach to providing preventative medicine in camps is warranted. The community health worker model can be used to identify unvaccinated persons, detect probable cases and refer individuals to health clinics within the camps for prophylaxis and medi­cal care, respectively. Through this grass-roots approach, community health workers become an on-the-ground surveillance system that can determine demographic trends and facilitate public health responses to potential outbreaks. RÉSUMÉL’interminable guerre civile en Syrie a entraîné des déplacements massifs de population vers des camps de réfugiés. De tels mouve­ments de population, en concomitance avec de plus faibles taux de vaccination, accroissent les risques de flambées épidémiques. La transmission de la rougeole est une menace continue dans les camps de réfugiés, et une solution durable dans l’administration de médecine préventive dans ces camps est justifiée. Le modèle des agents de santé communautaires peut être adopté pour identifier les personnes non vaccinées, détecter les cas probables et adresser ces individus aux cliniques de santé des camps pour qu’ils puissent y recevoir de la prophylaxie et des soins médicaux, respectivement. Grâce à cette approche locale, les agents de santé communautaires forment un système de surveillance sur le terrain qui permet de déterminer les tendances démographiques et de faciliter les interven­tions de santé publique contre les épidémies potentielles.
Prevalence of functional constipation and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome in Indian patients with constipation
Authors: Rooprai Ramesh , Bhat Naresh , Sainani Rajesh , Mayabhate Mayur M.
Published: January 2017

Background: Evaluate prevalence of functional constipation (FC) and irritable bowel syndrome-constipation (IBS-C) in Indian constipated patients and assess their demographic/socio-economic/clinical characteristics.Methods: Patients (≥18 years) who visited their general physician with symptoms of constipation (Rome III criteria for FC or IBS-C as per physician assessment) and willing to participate were enrolled in this prospective, clinical-epidemiological study. Demographic, socioeconomic status, lifestyle and dietary habits, comorbid conditions, treatment history, concomitant medications, stool form (Bristol stool form scale), severity of constipation (constipation scoring system [CSS]), constipation-related symptoms (patient assessment of constipation symptoms [PAC-SYM]) and quality of life (patient assessment of constipation-quality of life questionnaire [PAC-QoL]) were recorded.Results: Out of 925 constipated patients, 75.6% were diagnosed with FC against 24.4% with IBS-C (P < 0.0001). Patients of both subtypes had high average scores of PAC-SYM (FC: 27.1 ± 6; IBS-C: 30.1 ± 4.9) and CSS (FC: 8.4 ± 3.1; IBS-C: 11.2 ± 3), leading to high PAC-QoL score (FC: 38.1 ± 16.8; IBS-C: 42.2 ± 13.6). Hypertension (16%) and diabetes (10%) in patients with FC while acid peptic disorders (21.7%) amongst IBS-C patients were the most common comorbid conditions observed. Laxatives were the most common medication used; osmotic (32.6% versus 40.7%) and bulk laxatives (22.8% versus 37.4%) were the commonest laxatives. However, about 1/5th patients of FC were using home remedies.Conclusions: There was a higher prevalence of FC over IBS-C in Indian constipated patients; both subtypes had high frequency and severity of constipation-related symptoms and poor QoL.
Study of hypertensive subjects with diabetes as co-morbidity
Authors: Salagre Santosh B. , Itolikar Shobha M. , Bhagwat Suyog N.
Published: January 2017

Background: Combined presence of diabetes and hypertension increases the chances of various complications manifold than individually. Together, they accelerate the development of left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, renal dysfunction, diabetic retinopathy and cerebrovascular diseases.Methods: After ethical considerations this observational study was carried out to identify the clinical, laboratory and end-organ profile of Hypertensive subjects who also had Diabetes; this cohort was also compared with subjects who had hypertension only.Results: The prevalence of hypertensive subjects with diabetes as co-morbidity was 10.26%. 26.4% subjects had family history of diabetes and 20.4% had family history of hypertension. The mean diastolic blood pressure (83.66±12.0) was significantly higher in hypertensive diabetes group, than the subjects with hypertension only (76.98±6.46) and the difference was statistically significant (p <0.0001). 51.9% of hypertensive females with diabetes had significantly higher (p 0.0003) central obesity. Macrovascular damage was slightly more common in females and microvascular damage was common in male hypertensive diabetic subjects. Out of 102 patients having end organ damage 37.25% had single organ involvement and 62.75% had multiple organ involvement. Retinopathy (33.2%) was commonest followed by renal (27.6%), cardiovascular (16.2%) and cerebrovascular (14.8%). Hypertensive diabetic patients had higher occurrence of end organ damage reflecting the impact of diabetes-hypertension co-morbidity on target organs.Conclusions: Given the increasing rates of coronary artery disease among Indians, especially at a younger age, 5understanding and successfully managing this deadly duo may hold the key to reducing cardiovascular mortality in India.
To introduce and measure the effectiveness of case based learning in physiology
Authors: Bansal Monika , Goyal Manoj
Published: January 2017

Background: Student/learner centered strategies are needed to promote active learning in the students. Medical Council of India (MCI) also encourages learner centric approaches. Objectives of the study were to develop case scenarios for teaching in Physiology and use them to teach 1st professional MBBS students and to evaluate the impact of this intervention on students’ learning.Methods: After the approval from Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) the study was conducted on MBBS 1st professional students. The students were taught two topics using CBL strategy. Pre-post test score were taken for evaluation of students’ learning. Students’ feedback was taken to elicit their perceptions about the effectiveness of the strategy. Faculty feedback was also taken for feasibility and implementation of CBL.Results: Majority of the students were satisfied with the session. Majority felt it to be a good learning experience and many wanted to attend more such sessions. Difference in the pre-post test scores was statistically highly significant.Conclusions: CBL proved to be an interesting and effective active learning strategy. More of such sessions should be conducted to engage the students as felt by students and faculty both.
A study on common pathogens associated with nosocomial infections and their antibiotic sensitivity
Authors: Ahirrao Varsha Suresh , Mauskar Anupama , T. Ravi
Published: January 2017

Background: S. aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, enterococci, a variety of gram-negative bacilli, and Candida spp. are responsible for the vast majority of infections. Coagulase negative staphylococcal infections have increased dramatically in past 2 decades, almost entirely because of increase in the frequency of blood stream infections caused by these organisms.Methods: Appropriate microbiological samples were taken from the site of infection from all the patients included in the study. Whenever necessary, required serological examinations are sent.Results: Of 30 episodes of nosocomial infections from which any pathogen was isolated, three episodes were polymicrobial. Gram-negative organisms were more frequently (76.67%) isolated than gram-positive organisms (20%), and fungi (3.33%).Conclusions: Almost all gram-negative bacteria showed 100% sensitivity to Imipenem. Pseudomonas isolates showed sensitivity of 100% to Imipenem, 83.33% to Piperacillin+Tazobactum. Klebsiella showed sensitivity of 83.33% to Ciprofloxacin and Amikacin.
Factors determining the knowledge related to tuberculosis in a rural community, a community based cross sectional study
Authors: Rushender C. Rajan , Kumar G. Dinesh , Logaraj M.
Published: January 2017

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem. It is reported that, globally, about 9 million people developed tuberculosis and about 1.5 million people died due to tuberculosis across the globe in 2013.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in the Rural Health Training Center, SRM Medical College to assess knowledge and practice regarding tuberculosis using a pretested Interview schedule. Adult population, who are residing in the field practice area were considered as study population. The study period was between August 2013 to February 2014.Results: A total of 246 study subjects were included in the final analysis with the majority of the participants to be between 21 to 40 years (39.40%). Cough and expectoration as symptom of TB was known to 82.5% of study subjects. Only 22.8% of the study subjects are aware of at least one extra pulmonary for of tuberculosis. The proportion of subjects with good overall knowledge about TB was highest in subjects aged 61 and above, lowest in 41 to 60-year age group. The proportion of subjects with good knowledge had gradually increased with increasing socio economic status.Conclusions: Culture specific IEC interventions and their delivery mechanisms need to be designed, considering the highly heterogeneous nature of population in India.
Management of congenital vertical talus: comparison between mini invasive reduction and extensive surgical technique in early age
Authors: Chauhan Prakash , Gajjar Sharvil
Published: January 2017

Background: About one baby in 10,000 is born with the foot deformity known as vertical talus. In about half of those cases, both feet are affected. The disorder occurs with equal frequency in boys and girls. Vertical talus is a rare deformity of the foot which is diagnosed at the time of birth.

Methods: Present study was performed at Department of Orthopedics, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Science, Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat. In the study 40 patients who were treated for unilateral or bilateral congenital vertical talus at a single institution which lead to 60 treated feet in the study. Patient with bilateral symptoms were randomly selected for one foot in the study.

Results: The mean normative pain score was found to be 58.0 in the minimally invasive group compared with 28 in the extensive release group (p =0.032). There was no difference between the two groups in the transfer and basic mobility domain. The normative global function domain was higher in the minimally invasive group (48.3) compared with the extensive soft-tissue release group (34.3, p =0.03).

Conclusions: Longer-term follow up and studies with large sample size are still necessary to determine whether the improved outcomes are maintained into the adulthood and whether the superior outcome is related to the reduce scarring in the patient.
Efficacy of analgesics in patients undergoing arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff at Gujarat Adani institute of medical science, Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat
Authors: Kotak Abhinav , Rudani Suresh
Published: January 2017

Background: To evaluate analgesic efficacy when catheters are positioned with assistance of arthroscope to block suprascapular and axillary nerves in patients undergoing arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff under general anesthesia.

Methods: Present study was performed at department of orthopedics, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Science, Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat. 24 patients who experienced arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff between July 2015 and October 2015 were catheterized to block suprascapular and axillary nerves through shoulder arthroscopy were incorporated in the study. Clinical outcomes were assessed using visual analog scale (VAS) scores preoperatively and at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 18 h, 24 h, and postoperative day 2.

Results: Preoperative and postoperative 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 18 h, 24 h, and day 2 mean VAS scores were 6.37±0.91, 0.45±0.39, 0.59±0.40, 0.62±0.39, 0.61±0.42, 0.51±0.35, and 1.54±0.50, respectively. No statistical difference was found among 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 18 h, and 24 h time points; however, assessment of postoperative day 2 and postoperative 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 18h and 24 h VAS scores showed statistically significant difference (P <0.05). All patients were discharged at the end of 24 h with no complication. The mean time (in minutes) required for blocking suprascapular nerve and axillar nerve were 14.38±3.21 and 3.75±0.85, respectively.

Conclusions: These results confirmed that blocking two nerves with arthroscopic approach was an excellent pain management method in postoperative period. Accordingly, patients could recover rapidly and patients’ satisfaction could be improved.

 
Analysis of the features of Earth surface clutter formation in the case of low-flying target detection with the use of a bistatic radar
Authors: Vorontsova S. A.
Published: January 2017

It has been found that the usage of the bistatic mode makes it possible to reduce the power of clutter due to the decrease of the number and area of elements on the Earth surface that reflect the sounding signal. The power of these reflections to a large extent determines the signal / noise ratio at the input of the air-borne radar receiver and. as a result, the probability of correct detection of targets and accuracy of determining their coordinates. Based on the analysis of the features of the formation of reflecting patches on the Earth surface all possible configurations of these areas and analytical expressions for the calculation of their areas have been obtained. As a result of the study, analytical expressions and graphs of lines of equal distances (izodops) and lines of equal Doppler frequencies (izodals) forming these zones specific for a bistatic radar have been obtained. This has made it possible to develop a universal algorithm for calculating the power of clutter when detecting low-flying targets, which is useful for comparative analysis of the clutter power and detection characteristics for various configurations of the relative position of the receiver, transmitter and targets, as well as for comparing the detection characteristics of a monostatic and a bistatic radars. In accordance with this algorithm calculations have been performed and the graphs of dependency of the clutter power in the Doppler filter bandwidth on the frequency of their adjustment have been obtained as a result of the calculation for monostatic and bistatic radars.
Resonant converter with PWM output voltage adjustment
Authors: Vorokh D. A. , Makhov A. I.
Published: January 2017

A resonant voltage converter and ways of pulse width (PWM) adjustment of its output voltage are proposed in the paper. The converter has a deep (up to 90%) control range with high linearity, a high efficiency factor in the entire range of adjustment, small (1.5 ... 2 times) overload of reactive elements, weak dependence of the output voltage on the load, a low (up to 3%) level of harmonics and switching keys at zero current. The converter can be used as an efficient power supply adjustable over a wide range or a generator of harmonic oscillations with amplitude modulation on the input with an efficiency factor of over 70%. Theoretical aspects of the operation of the resonant converter are discussed and the functions of each element of the converter circuit are described in detail. The possibility of PWM control of the circuit output voltage is confirmed. Mathematical modeling is carried out using the example of highly efficient power supply and a secondary source of harmonic oscillations with low harmonics and high output power. Practical implementation of the converter circuit, operating according to the method of pulses with and without centering is analyzed. Recommendations on the optimum use of the scheme and methods considered as a complete unit are given.
Analysis of an antenna system design for a synthetic L- and P-band aperture radar
Authors: Goryachkin O. V. , Maslov I. V.
Published: January 2017

The article presents an analysis of options for designs of the antenna system for a synthetic aperture space radar (SAR), with acceptable performance characteristics in L- and P-bands. At the first stage the analysis of the current state of producing spacecraft with L- and P-band radars that use quite large folding antenna structures is carried out. It is shown that to obtain high performance of SAR in L- and P-band large folding reflectors with the diameter of up to15 meters are used. Further, variants of antenna systems are discussed and compared to determine the best combination in terms of the characteristics obtained and design complexity. An antenna system is proposed in the paper that uses antennae of the Yagi-aerial type as antenna array elements. The possibility of creating a space system consisting of several unified small spacecraft with L- and P-band SAR on board is shown.
Analisys of the influence of radial displacement of a particle on the parameters of an eddy-current probe
Authors: Gudkov S. A. , Kudryavtsev I. A.
Published: January 2017

The article focuses on the study of the specific application of eddy-current probes (ECP) to monitor the parameters of dispersed media. To do this, a three-dimensional finite element model of the wear particles ECP was constructed in Ansys Maxwell 2015. The analysis of the the radial displacement of particles in the cross section of ECP with the help of the Sergei Korolyov supercomputer was carried out. It was found that the non-uniformity of electromagnetic field displacement of a particle from the axis to the periphery of the ECP results in three-fold increase of the insertion parameter. The deviation of the insertion parameters depends mainly on the geometrical position of the particle in the sectional plane of the sensor and it is weakly dependent on the frequency of the exciting field and particle size. On the basis of the established dependency we propose an ECP structure that allows mitigating the influence of the radial displacement of particles on the output signal of the ECP.