bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of weedy culture on population densities, spatial distributions and sampling procedures ofSpodoptera exiguaandSesamia cretica(Lep., Noctuidae) in corn fields
Authors: Dinarvand N. , Rajabpour A. , Zandi Sohani N. , Farkhari M.
Published: June 2019

Spodoptera exiguaHübner andSesamia creticaLed. (Lep., Noctuidae) are two important pests of corn. In this study, the effect of weed bands in the corn field, as weedy culture, on population density and damages of the pests were evaluated during two growing seasons (2016/2017). Cumulative insect days (CID) of each lepidopteran pest in weedy culture were compared with non-weedy culture. Results showed that CIDs ofS. exiguaandS. creticain the non-weedy corn culture were significantly higher than the weedy corn culture. There was no significant difference between the total yield in the weedy and non-weedy cultures. Also, determinations of spatial distributions of the pests in the weedy and no-weedy treatments using Taylor's power law (TPL) and Iwao's patchiness (IP) showed that TPL provides a better fit for the data than IP and spatial distributions of both pests on both cultures were aggregative. Moreover, minor differences were observed between spatial distribution parameters of the pests in the weedy and non-weedy cultures. Green's model was used for developing a fixed-precision sequential sampling plan of the pests on the weedy and no-weedy treatments. Optimum sample sizes ofS. exiguaranged from 532 to 5370 and 428 to 5296 plants andS. creticavaried from 297 to 2040 and 43 to 186 plants in the non-weedy and weedy cultures based on the desired precision level (0.25–0.1). Estimated stop lines of non-weedy and weedy cultures forS. exiguaranged from 0.000057 to 52.59 and 0.00029 to 58.87 and forS. creticaranged from 1.59 to 111.5 and 2.09 to 98.03 larval cumulative numbers, respectively (0.25–0.1). The performance of the sampling plan was validated by resampling analysis using RVSP software. Results of the study can be used in the integrated pest management program of corn fields.
Notes on linkage of modules
Authors: Sadeghi Arash
Published: June 2019

Let R be a Cohen–Macaulay local ring. It is shown that under some mild conditions, the Cohen–Macaulay property is preserved under linkage. We also study the connection of the (Sn) locus of a horizontally linked module and the attached primes of certain local cohomology modules of its linked module.
Wave dispersion in pulsar plasma. Part 1. Plasma rest frame
Authors: Rafat M. Z. , Melrose D. B. , Mastrano A.
Published: June 2019

Wave dispersion in a pulsar plasma (a one-dimensional, strongly magnetized, pair plasma streaming highly relativistically with a large spread in Lorentz factors in its rest frame) is discussed, motivated by interest in beam-driven wave turbulence and the pulsar radio emission mechanism. In the rest frame of the pulsar plasma there are three wave modes in the low-frequency, non-gyrotropic approximation. For parallel propagation (wave angle$\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}=0$) these are referred to as the X, A and L modes, with the X and A modes having dispersion relation$|z|=z_{\text{A}}\approx 1-1/2\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{\text{A}}^{2}$, where$z=\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}/k_{\Vert }c$is the phase speed and$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{\text{A}}c$is the Alfvén speed. The L mode dispersion relation is determined by a relativistic plasma dispersion function,$z^{2}W(z)$, which is negative for$|z|<z_{0}$and has a sharp maximum at$|z|=z_{\text{m}}$, with$1-z_{\text{m}}<1-z_{0}\ll 1$. We give numerical estimates for the maximum of$z^{2}W(z)$and for$z_{\text{m}}$and$z_{0}$for a one-dimensional Jüttner distribution. The L and A modes reconnect, for$z_{\text{A}}>z_{0}$, to form the O and Alfvén modes for oblique propagation ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}\neq 0$). For$z_{\text{A}}<z_{0}$the Alfvén and O mode curves reconnect forming a new mode that exists only for$\tan ^{2}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}\gtrsim z_{0}^{2}-z_{\text{A}}^{2}$. The L mode is the nearest counterpart to Langmuir waves in a non-relativistic plasma, but we argue that there are no ‘Langmuir-like’ waves in a pulsar plasma, identifying three features of the L mode (dispersion relation, ratio of electric to total energy and group speed) that are not Langmuir like. A beam-driven instability requires a beam speed equal to the phase speed of the wave. This resonance condition can be satisfied for the O mode, but only for an implausibly energetic beam and only for a tiny range of angles for the O mode around$\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}\approx 0$. The resonance is also possible for the Alfvén mode but only near a turnover frequency that has no counterpart for Alfvén waves in a non-relativistic plasma.
The Nadwat al-‘Ulama's Romance with Iqbal: Narrative construction and historiography
Authors: SAIF MASHAL
Published: June 2019

This article examines the Indian poet-philosopher Muhammad Iqbal's appropriation by three Nadwat al-‘Ulama scholars: Sayyid Sulayman Nadwi (d. 1953), Abu'l-Hasan ‘Ali Nadwi (d. 1999), and ‘Abd al-Salam Nadwi (d. 1956). It argues that the particular depictions of Iqbal by the Nadwa ‘ulama can be mapped onto larger evolutions within the institute. The early Nadwa ‘alim Sulayman Nadwi imagines Iqbal as a Muslim leader par excellence. A more conservative understanding of Islam emerged with the later Nadwa ‘ulama. They emphasize traditional theological ideas, particular modes of piety, and ritualistic actions. The article suggests that the later Nadwa ‘ulama’s writings on Iqbal are reflective of this particular understanding of Islam and morality, although there are two distinct responses to the poet. The above examination of the Nadwa is placed within its broader historical context. In so doing, the article contends that the impact of the political milieu in India must be taken into account to understand shifts in the Nadwa and South Asian Islam more broadly. It also asserts that the political environment in South Asia influenced Iqbal's reception by the Nadwa ‘ulama as well as by Muslims in South Asia and beyond. Additionally, this article argues that all three works by the Nadwa ‘ulama are subjective portrayals informed by the social imaginaries of their authors. In fact, in a broader sense, all works of narrative historiography are subjective accounts. This realization problematizes the boundaries between the categories of historiography and hagiography, and this research calls for a rethinking of these tensions.
Combating ‘Filth’: The temple, the state, and urbanization in late nineteenth-century Puri
Authors: GHOSH UJAAN
Published: June 2019

This article interrogates the urbanization of Puri at the time of the cholera epidemic in the latter half of the nineteenth century. In the wake of the epidemic the colonial state took serious steps to reorder the urban landscape of the pilgrim town in general and Puri in particular. However, in Puri the narrative of infrastructural development is slightly complicated by the presence of the temple of Jagannath which acted as an alternative public body. Thus, on every occasion the colonial state had to negotiate with the temple in order to facilitate urban governance in Puri. As a result, I argue, Puri's urban landscape could only develop through interaction and negotiation between the temple and the state.
Four-Direction Search Scheme of Path Planning for Mobile Agents
Authors: Li Kene , Yuan Chengzhi , Wang Jingjing , Dong Xiaonan
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a neural network-based four-direction search scheme of path planning for mobile agents, given a known environmental map with stationary obstacles. Firstly, the map collision energy is modeled for all the obstacles based on neural network. Secondly, for the shorted path-search purpose, the path energy is considered. Thirdly, to decrease the path-search time, a variable step-length is designed with respect to collision energy of the previous iteration path. Simulation results demonstrate that the variable step-length is effective and can decrease the iteration time substantially. Lastly, experimental results show that the mobile agent tracks the generated path well. Both the simulation and experiment results substantiate the feasibility and realizability of the presented scheme.
Influence of socio-economic status on Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection incidence, risk factors and clinical features
Authors: Adams N. L. , Byrne L. , Rose T. C. , Adak G. K. , Jenkins C. , Charlett A. , Violato M. , O'Brien S.J. , Whitehead M. M. , Barr B. , Taylor-Robinson D. C. , Hawker J. I.
Published: June 2019

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection can cause serious illness including haemolytic uraemic syndrome. The role of socio-economic status (SES) in differential clinical presentation and exposure to potential risk factors amongst STEC cases has not previously been reported in England. We conducted an observational study using a dataset of all STEC cases identified in England, 2010–2015. Odds ratios for clinical characteristics of cases and foodborne, waterborne and environmental risk factors were estimated using logistic regression, stratified by SES, adjusting for baseline demographic factors. Incidence was higher in the highest SES group compared to the lowest (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.19–2.00). Odds of Accident and Emergency attendance (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.10–1.75) and hospitalisation (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.36–2.15) because of illness were higher in the most disadvantaged compared to the least, suggesting potential lower ascertainment of milder cases or delayed care-seeking behaviour in disadvantaged groups. Advantaged individuals were significantly more likely to report salad/fruit/vegetable/herb consumption (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.16–2.17), non-UK or UK travel (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.40–2.27; OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.35–2.56) and environmental exposures (walking in a paddock, OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.22–2.70; soil contact, OR 1.52, 95% CI 2.13–1.09) suggesting other unmeasured risks, such as person-to-person transmission, could be more important in the most disadvantaged group.
Molecular detection and characterisation of sapoviruses and noroviruses in outpatient children with diarrhoea in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Gelaw A. , Pietsch C. , Mann P. , Liebert U.G.
Published: June 2019

Childhood morbidity and mortality of diarrhoeal diseases are high, particularly in low-income countries and noroviruses and sapoviruses are among the most frequent causes worldwide. Their epidemiology and diversity remain not well studied in many African countries. To assess the positivity rate and the diversity of sapoviruses and noroviruses in Northwest Ethiopia, during November 2015 and April 2016, a total of 450 faecal samples were collected from outpatient children aged <5 years who presented with diarrhoea. Samples were screened for noroviruses and sapoviruses by real-time RT-PCR. Partial VP1 genes were sequenced, genotyped and phylogenetically analysed. Norovirus and sapovirus stool positivity rate was 13.3% and 10.0%, respectively. Noroviruses included GII.4 (35%), GII.6 (20%), GII.17 (13.3%), GII.10 (10%), GII.2 (6.7%), GII.16 (5%), GII.7 (3.3%), GII.9, GII.13, GII.20 and GI.3 (1.7% each) strains. For sapoviruses, GI.1, GII.1 (20.0% each), GII.6 (13.3%), GI.2 (8.9%), GII.2 (11.1%), GV.1 (8.9%), GIV.1 (6.7%), GI.3 and GII.4 (2.2% each) genotypes were detected. This study demonstrates a high genetic diversity of noroviruses and sapoviruses in Northwest Ethiopia. The positivity rate in stool samples from young children with diarrhoea was high for both caliciviruses. Continued monitoring is recommended to identify trends in genetic diversity and seasonal variations.
NONREPRESENTABLE RELATION ALGEBRAS FROM GROUPS
Authors: ANDRÉKA HAJNAL , NÉMETI ISTVÁN , GIVANT STEVEN
Published: June 2019

A series of nonrepresentable relation algebras is constructed from groups. We use them to prove that there are continuum many subvarieties between the variety of representable relation algebras and the variety of coset relation algebras. We present our main construction in terms of polygroupoids.
A reply to Sujit Choudhry’s ‘Resisting democratic backsliding’: Weimar legacy and self-enforcing constitutions in post-WWII left-wing constitutional theory
Authors: CAR RONALD
Published: June 2019

As claimed by Sujit Choudhry, ‘historical examples have re-emerged as important elements not only of academic analysis, but also of constitutional practice’ worried by the threat of democratic backsliding. Left-wing constitutionalists inspired by the Frankfurt School have left us a theory of constitutional stability drawn on by the Weimar experience. Following Choudhry’s call for more historical research on the subject, I will first summarise the critiques of the Weimar constitution developed by these authors and their ensuing proposals for its reformation. Secondly, I will describe the efforts made after 1945 to translate these suggestions into keys for German democratic renaissance. Apart from their impact on the Basic Law, I will focus on the much lesser known attempt to design a ‘better Weimar’ in the Soviet Zone of Occupation from 1945 to 1947. I will show how Weimar left-wing constitutionalism influenced East Berlin constitutional debate and the reactions of the West German constitutionalists. My final goal is to enrich our understanding of the issue raised by Choudhry of placing the political parties at the very core of the constitution instead of running away from political power.
Die Sorge vor mündlichen Prüfungen reduzieren
Authors: Metzner Larissa
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die mündlichen Abschlussprüfungen stellen für Lernende in den Pflegeberufen eine besondere ­Herausforderung am Ende der Ausbildungszeit dar. Die Auszubildenden müssen hierauf umfassend, frühzeitig und kontinuierlich im Laufe der Aus­bildung vorbereitet werden. Im folgenden Beitrag wird dargestellt, wie dies der Schule für Pflege­berufe am Bildungscampus Koblenz durch gezieltes Üben der Prüfungssituation sowie individuelles Lerncoaching und Lernförderung gelingt.
Die Weiterentwicklung des Heidelberger Curriculums – ein Praxisbericht
Authors: Büscher Christiane
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung. Stillstand ist Rückschritt – auch bei Curricula für Pflegeausbildungen. Die aktuellen Veränderungen zeigen in Richtung Generalistik. Doch wie kann eine Pflegeschule darauf reagieren? Und wie kann sie diese Aufgabe bewältigen? Das Team der Gesundheits- und Krankenpflegeschule an der Akademie für Gesundheitsberufe Heidelberg hat sich auf den Weg gemacht.
Patientenedukation in der Pflege – Themensammlung & Unterrichtsvorschläge (Teil 3)
Authors: Zegelin Angelika , Sunder Nadine , Segmüller Tanja
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung. Bei diesem Beitrag handelt es sich um den dritten Teil der vierteiligen Artikelserie zum Thema Patientenedukation in der Pflege. In den Beiträgen geht es insbesondere darum, wie Sie als Lehrende das ­Thema vermitteln können. Während der erste Teil schwerpunktmäßig theoretische Grundlagen behandelte, standen im zweiten Teil Strategien und Prozesse der Edukation anhand von ausgewählten Beispielen im Fokus. In diesem dritten Teil wird das Thema Beratung sowie weitere fundierte Unterstützungsangebote von unterschiedlichen, pflegerelevanten Seiten beleuchtet.
Seismic Velocity Change Patterns Along the San Jacinto Fault Zone Following the 2010 M7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah and M5.4 Collins Valley Earthquakes
Authors: Hillers G. , Campillo M. , Brenguier F. , Moreau L. , Agnew D. C. , Ben‐Zion Y.
Published: June 2019

We study temporal changes of seismic velocity (dv/v) in the crust around the central section of the San Jacinto fault zone (SJFZ), Southern California. Focusing on a 200‐day‐long period around April 2010, our analysis resolves two tens‐of‐days‐long successive episodes of reduced velocities that are compatible with signals from the long base strainmeter at the Piñon Flat Observatory. The imaged dv/v sequences are proxies for evolving material properties in the crust surrounding the SJFZ. The temporal and the spatial coincidence of the observed dv/v patterns with the occurrence of two proposed creep episodes suggest that the relative velocity changes reflect the response to deep creep events that follow the M7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquake and the M5.4 Collins Valley earthquake that occurred 94 days later on the San Jacinto fault. The main slip during the creep events was proposed to occur below 10‐km depth. Wavefield properties suggest sensitivity to medium changes above this source zone, in the top 10 km. The distribution of the obtained dv/v reductions shows a strong difference between large values to the west of the SJFZ and significantly smaller amplitudes to the east. The similarity to the seasonal velocity change pattern implies that the results are likely controlled by the contrast of mechanical properties across the fault, such as fault‐perpendicular shear modulus variations. Our analysis extends the spectrum of methods that can be used to study earthquake interaction, fault zone rheology and dynamics, triggering, and the interplay between creep episodes and earthquakes.
Space Is Polluted by Junk…and It’s Getting Worse
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: June 2019

The major shift from state to commercial space programs, as well as a sharp rise in the number of upcoming launches, raises concerns about our efforts to manage the problem.
The zinc transporter Zip14 (SLC39a14) affects Beta-cell Function: Proteomics, Gene expression, and Insulin secretion studies in INS-1E cells
Authors: Maxel Trine , Smidt Kamille , Petersen Charlotte C. , Honoré Bent , Christensen Anne K. , Jeppesen Per B. , Brock Birgitte , Rungby Jørgen , Palmfeldt Johan , Larsen Agnete
Published: June 2019

Insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells is dependent on zinc ions as essential components of insulin crystals, zinc transporters are thus involved in the insulin secretory process. Zip14 (SLC39a14) is a zinc importing protein that has an important role in glucose homeostasis. Zip14 knockout mice display hyperinsulinemia and impaired insulin secretion in high glucose conditions. Endocrine roles for Zip14 have been established in adipocytes and hepatocytes, but not yet confirmed in beta-cells. In this study, we investigated the role of Zip14 in the INS-1E beta-cell line. Zip14 mRNA was upregulated during high glucose stimulation and Zip14 silencing led to increased intracellular insulin content. Large-scale proteomics showed that Zip14 silencing down-regulated ribosomal mitochondrial proteins, many metal-binding proteins, and others involved in oxidative phosphorylation and insulin secretion. Furthermore, proliferation marker Mki67 was down-regulated in Zip14 siRNA-treated cells. In conclusion, Zip14 gene expression is glucose sensitive and silencing of Zip14 directly affects insulin processing in INS-1E beta-cells. A link between Zip14 and ribosomal mitochondrial proteins suggests altered mitochondrial RNA translation, which could disturb mitochondrial function and thereby insulin secretion. This highlights a role for Zip14 in beta-cell functioning and suggests Zip14 as a future pharmacological target in the treatment of beta-cell dysfunction.
Oxygen-deficient WO3via high-temperature two-step annealing for enhanced and highly stable water splitting
Authors: Tang Shasha , Courté Marc , Peng Jingjing , Fichou Denis
Published: June 2019

In contrast with conventional one-step annealed WO3, high-temperature two-step annealed WO3 contains a higher concentration of oxygen deficiency, leading to more efficient charge separation and improved photocatalytic ability.
Controllable fabrication of uniform ruthenium phosphide nanocrystals for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Yutong , Chu Fuqiang , Bu Yunfei , Kong Yong , Tao Yongxin , Zhou Xiao , Yu Haoran , Yu Junjie , Tang Lin , Qin Yong
Published: June 2019

Ruthenium phosphide (Ru2P and RuP) nanocrystals are controllably fabricated, and exhibit a remarkable hydrogen evolution reaction performance.
A structural exploration of anisole accessed through extreme crystallisation conditions
Authors: Smith Ellie Louvain , Ridout Joe , Sellars Jonathan David , Probert Michael Richard
Published: June 2019

A novel high pressure polymorph of anisole has been discovered and investigated with respect to the known low temperature form.
Synthesis of 1-aminoindole derivatives via Rh(iii)-catalyzed annulation reactions of hydrazines with sulfoxonium ylides
Authors: Xie Wucheng , Chen Xin , Shi Junjun , Li Jieshen , Liu Riyao
Published: June 2019

Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed C–H functionalization followed by intramolecular annulation reactions between hydrazines and sulfoxonium ylides is described.
Silver(i)-mediated oxidative C(sp3)–H amination of ethers with azole derivatives under mild conditions
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Qiao Kai , Qin Hong , Zhang Dong , Gao Di , Yang Zhao , Fang Zheng , Guo Kai
Published: June 2019

A silver(i)-mediated oxidative N–H/C(sp3)–H coupling of NH-azoles with ethers has been developed.
Improved hybrid recommendation with user similarity for adult learners
Authors: Lai Ruilin , Wang Tao , Chen YanZhen
Published: June 2019

Nowadays, adult learners like to study diverse and personal materials in e‐learning of continuing education. Even though some materials are conducted by fewer learners, they can still be propagated through the whole learning community. Meanwhile, the huge online materials cannot meet learners’ requirements. It leads to most learners encountering the e‐learning problems of ‘resource overload’ or ‘learning loses’, and learners giving up studying easily. So this study introduces an improved hybrid recommendation with user similarity (IHUS) for adult learners, which can generate the user's list of importance based on the greatest user similarity. In IHUS, when the online system runs from cold starting, the tags calculation is conducted. When this system achieves a stable learning community, an improved leaderRank method is conducted.
Post-thrombotic syndrome prevention – do we really know the
predictive factors?
Authors: Urbanek Tomasz
Published: June 2019

Despite an increasing knowledge and experience regarding deep vein thrombosis
(DVT) treatment, the rate of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) remains still
relatively high. According to the current knowledge it is still difficult to
predict on the individual basis, who of the DVT patients will develop PTS as
late complication of the vein thrombosis. Among the factors influencing the
higher prevalence of PTS, the ipsilateral DVT recurrence is of the highest
importance. The other factors which should be mentioned are age, obesity,
previous chronic venous disease as well as a proximal DVT location or lack of
symptoms’ resolution in the early treatment. Looking for the most effective PTS
prevention method several clinical trials were performed regarding
pharmacological DVT treatment, use of early mobilization and medical compression
stocking as well as an implementation of the thrombectomy and thrombolysis. This
paper presents a review of the current knowledge regarding the PTS predictive
factors and prevention.
Biomechanik und Augeninnendruck bei Hornhauterkrankungen
Authors: Luebke Jan , Maier Philip Christian
Published: June 2019

Die Messung des Augeninnendruckes ist vor allem bei Erkrankungen und iatrogenen Veränderungen der Hornhaut eine fehler- und abweichungsanfällige Untersuchung. Es existiert eine Vielzahl an unterschiedlichen Messmethoden, die auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise die Hornhaut und ihre Biomechanik einbeziehen. Die Abweichungen von der bisher als Goldstandard akzeptierten Goldmann-Applanationstonometrie sind in unterschiedlichem Maße von der Beschaffenheit der Hornhaut abhängig. Für unterschiedliche Erkrankungen/Veränderungen variieren diese für die einzelnen Methoden. Eine bei veränderten Hornhäuten klar zu bevorzugende Messmethode existiert nicht, die Kenntnis über die einzelnen Abweichungsverhältnisse ist daher wichtig, um Augeninnendruckwerte individuell einschätzen und einordnen zu können.
Implications of different guidelines for surveillance after serrated polyp resection in United States of America and Europe
Authors: Bleijenberg Arne , Klotz Dagmar , Løberg Magnus , Dekker Evelien , Adami Hans Olov , Kuipers Ernst J. , Holme Øyvind , Kalager Mette , Emilsson Louise , Kleist Britta , Løvdal Leif , Regula Jaroslaw , Løberg Else M. , IJspeert Joep , Bretthauer Michael
Published: June 2019

Introduction Because individuals with serrated polyps and adenomas are at increased risk of developing new polyps and colorectal cancer (CRC), surveillance after resection is justified. After adenoma resection, most international guidelines are consistent, but recommendations for surveillance after serrated polyp resection vary. The United States Multi-Society Taskforce on CRC (US-MSTF) base surveillance intervals on serrated polyp subtype (traditional serrated adenoma, sessile serrated polyp, hyperplastic polyps), while the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guidelines do not take serrated polyp subtype into account. We evaluated the implications of this difference in a primary colonoscopy screening cohort.

Methods We included participants from a large colonoscopy screening trial. In a post-hoc simulation, assuming full protocol adherence, we determined the surveillance interval for each subject based on their polyp burden, using the most recent US-MSTF and ESGE guidelines.

Results We included 5323 participants, of whom 1228 had one or more serrated polyps. In 5201 of all participants (98 %; Cohen’s kappa 0.90) and in 1106 of those with serrated polyps (90 %; Cohen’s kappa 0.80), both guidelines recommended identical surveillance intervals. Recommendations for a 3-year surveillance interval were identical between the two guidelines. All 122 subjects with discordant recommendations would receive a follow-up colonoscopy after 10 years using ESGE guidance and after 5 years using US-MSTF guidance.

Conclusion Despite the different criteria used to determine surveillance after serrated polyp resection, most individuals are recommended identical colonoscopy surveillance intervals whether following the ESGE or US-MSTF guidelines. This suggests that surveillance recommendations do not need to consider the serrated polyp subtype.
International Interdisciplinary Consensus Meeting on the Evaluation of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: O’Beirne Joseph Gerard , Chlapoutakis Konstantinos , Alshryda Sattar , Aydingoz Ustun , Baumann Thomas , Casini Carolina , de Pellegrin Maurizio , Domos Gyula , Dubs Beat , Hemmadi Sandeep , Karantanas Apostolos , Kolovos Stylianos , Kraus Tanja , Zhao Liang , Maizen Claudia , Mehdizadeh Mehrzad , Molitorisz Daniel , Persaud Thara , Petratos Dimitrios , Placzek Richard , Placzek Sonja , Scott Sally , Schmid Raoul , Tarrant Ailbhe , Voulgaris Konstantinos
Published: June 2019

In September 2018, an international meeting of doctors of various disciplines, with expertise in the detection and treatment of DDH, was held in Csolyospalos, Hungary. The aim was to achieve consensus on the detection and early treatment of the condition and to develop a standardized system of teaching and training for hip ultrasound. There was strong agreement that US screening is essential. Specifically the Graf technique was selected as the technique of choice. Universal US screening was strongly favored. Screening should be carried out as soon as possible, but not later than the sixth week of age. US screening is cost-effective, does not result in overtreatment, and contributes to a reduction of long-term consequences. The essential principle of treatment is timely application of a device to achieve reduction, retention and maturation, by holding the hips in flexion, and a safe degree of abduction. It was agreed that the effectiveness of any screening policy depends on the correct scanning technique. Therefore, standardization of teaching and training of the Graf technique is mandatory. A unified teaching policy and materials should be developed for this purpose. Certification, re-certification and audit were discussed. The group, which has been formalized as the International Interdisciplinary Consensus Committee On DDH Evaluation (ICODE), will continue to meet and work towards establishing international consensus on DDH, standardizing and developing teaching and training of the Graf technique for hip US, and maintaining standards for detection and management.
Tissue Factor-Negative Cell-Derived Microparticles Play a Distinctive Role in Hemostasis: A Viewpoint Review
Authors: Horstman Lawrence L. , McCauley Robert F. , Jy Wenche , Ahn Yeon S.
Published: June 2019

Circulating cell-derived microparticles (MPs) exhibit procoagulant activity and have been investigated for a possible role in some human pathologies. However, their potential role in hemostasis has been neglected and often denied. This review brings to attention a specific body of direct clinical evidence supporting an important but distinctive role of MPs in hemostasis. Evidence for a role of MPs in hemostasis includes: (1) two congenital bleeding disorders attributed to impaired release of MPs; (2) two recent studies of trauma patients relating naturally elevated endogenous MPs at admission to reduced transfusion requirements and better outcomes; (3) a study of coronary surgery patients showing that elevated MP before surgery reduces transfusion requirements during surgery; and (4) a clinical study of patients with immune thrombocytopenia demonstrating that those with high circulating MP have reduced bleeding compared to patients with similar platelet counts but lower MP levels. Mechanisms involving potentiating the contact factor pathway are thought to play a key role and are probably synergistic with polyphosphate released from activated platelets at sites of endothelial injury. Hemostatic defect of patients with deficient MP-mediated coagulation resembles deficiency of FXI (hemophilia C), distinct from hemophilia A or B, so can be termed type C hemostasis. A better understanding of this proposed hemostatic pathway may lead to improved methods for controlling excessive bleeding in surgery, trauma, and other clinical settings.
Clinical Application of Thromboelastography/Thromboelastometry (TEG/TEM) in the Neonatal Population: A Narrative Review
Authors: Konstantinidi Aikaterini , Sokou Rozeta , Parastatidou Stavroula , Lampropoulou Katerina , Katsaras George , Boutsikou Theodora , Gounaris Antonios K. , Tsantes Argyrios E. , Iacovidou Nicoletta
Published: June 2019

Hemostasis is a dynamic age-related process, which gradually evolves from fetal life throughout childhood until adulthood. Although at birth there is a hemostatic deficit of most coagulation factors, studies have shown that this “hemostatic immaturity” is functionally counterbalanced in healthy term or preterm newborns. This delicate hemostatic balance is, however, deranged in sick neonates, resulting in an enhanced risk of hemorrhage and/or thrombosis. In critically ill neonates, conventional coagulation tests do not seem to provide reliable information or indications regarding the functional status of platelets or fibrinolysis. In contrast, viscoelastic tests, namely thromboelastography/thromboelastometry (TEG/TEM) hold promise for rapid assessment of the whole hemostatic potential, allowing immediate intervention should this be required. However, neonatal data are limited due to lack of reference values, especially in premature neonates. In this narrative review, we provide some insights around current knowledge regarding TEG/TEM applications in healthy and sick newborns. Overall, the use of viscoelastic tests in diagnosis and management of coagulation disorders in neonates is definitely worth further exploration. Consideration should be made to include these tests in the routine laboratory investigation of neonates and specific transfusion algorithms should also be developed in order to avoid treatment pitfalls.
Electron-beam excitation of supermodes of a photonic molecule built on twin high refractive index dielectric nanowires
Authors: Yevtushenko Dariia O. , Dukhopelnykov Sergii V. , Nosich Alexander I.
Published: June 2019

We study the radiation that occurs if a modulated beam of electrons flows between two identical high-index dielectric nanowires, which form a photonic molecule, in the visible wavelength range. The electromagnetic field of such a two-dimensional beam has the shape of the surface wave propagating along its trajectory. This wave induces the polarization and surface currents on the nearby obstacles, and hence, radiation occurs even if the beam does not touch the obstacle. Here, a pair of dielectric nanowires behaves as optically coupled open resonators, thanks to which the diffraction radiation is enhanced near the wavelengths of the natural modes. As known, the latter are so-called supermodes built on the modes of each wire, with the account of two-fold symmetry of the pair. To solve accurately the scattering problem, we use a semianalytical technique based on the Fourier expansions in the local coordinates of each wire and the addition theorems for the cylindrical functions. This leads to the efficient code having mathematically guaranteed convergence. We compute spectral characteristics of the diffraction radiation, analyze their dependences on the electron-beam parameters, and visualize the near-field and far-field patterns. A new form of the optical theorem adapted to the modulated electron-beam excitation is derived and exploited. Possible applications of the studied effects in the design of optical beam position monitors are discussed.
Contrast-enhanced repacked soil cores as a proxy for soil organic matter spatial arrangement
Authors: Piccoli Ilaria , Dal Ferro Nicola , Delmas Patrice J. , Squartini Andrea , Morari Francesco
Published: June 2019

Soil organic matter (SOM) plays a key role in soil structure formation, although the bidirectional relationship between SOM and the soil pore network is complex and needs further investigation. Despite great advances provided by X-ray computed microtomography (µCT), it has only been used in a few studies to investigate the organic matter 3D-arrangement within the soil matrix. Results are based on the X-ray linear attenuation coefficient (α), and mixtures of organic and mineral soil fractions could imply overlapping of information that makes any segmentation procedure difficult. The aim of this study was to visualise, segment, and quantify the particulate organic matter fraction (POM) within the soil matrix through X-ray µCT in combination with contrast agents (phosphomolybdic acid and silver nitrate). Two series of repacked soil cores, ‘dry’ and ‘wet’, were scanned through X-ray µCT at a 7-µm resolution. Different segmentation approaches were tested to separate POM from other soil phases: manual, global, and local thresholding methods. Reported algorithms were also compared with a supervised grey value-based (GV) approach followed by morphological operations. Results showed contrast agents increased α of POM, simplifying its identification and the following segmentation on dry cores. The POM was discriminated from the mineral fraction and its content correctly estimated. This was particularly accurate when applying manual thresholding or GV approach with respect to indicator kriging, suggesting that operator-based ability to set threshold level is still the best solution for accurate POM segmentation. Beyond single-phase accounting, different thresholding algorithms and morphological operations also affected POM morphological characteristics. In particular, the simpler was an object shape, the easier was its segmentation. Improvements are thus required to increase the efficiency of automated thresholding algorithms. Moreover, wet cores were exposed to washing-out phenomena that compromised any digital image processing and further POM quantification, implying that more effort should be made to find other suitable staining agents.
Characterising macropores and preferential flow of mountainous forest soils with contrasting human disturbances
Authors: Yi Jun , Yang Ye , Liu Muxing , Hu Wei , Lou Shulan , Zhang Hailin , Zhang Dongyou
Published: June 2019

Preferential flow can develop in soil macropores, and macropores are sensitive to human disturbances. This study investigated soil macropore features and the main factors controlling preferential flow at four sites with different levels of human disturbance in a mountainous area in Central China. The level of human disturbance decreased with increasing elevation, with the lowest elevation areas covered with coniferous trees (LF) > middle mountain areas covered with tea gardens (TG) > middle mountain areas covered with deciduous trees and mixed shrubs (MF) > subalpine areas covered with evergreen coniferous trees (HF). At each site, the soil macropore structure at 0–20 cm soil depth was analysed using computed tomography scans (0.6 mm resolution) and Image J software. Preferential flow was determined by analysing the breakthrough curve (BTC) of nitrate. The macroporosity, surface area density, mean macropore size, macropore number density, length density and node density were all ranked in the order of HF ≥ MF ≥ TG = LF. Less disturbed sites had stronger evidence of preferential flow as shown by faster breakthrough, longer tails and greater asymmetry of the BTCs. There were significant (P < 0.05) positive influences of soil macropore properties on pore water velocity and the solute dispersion coefficient. The dispersivity parameter was mainly affected by the macropore equivalent hydraulic radius. This study showed that human disturbance in the mountain forest areas significantly decreased soil macropores by changing soil physical properties (e.g. bulk density, texture and soil organic matter content) and root distribution, thus increasing the risk of surface runoff and nutrient losses.
Two deep-mantle sources for Paleocene doming and volcanism in the North Atlantic
Authors: Glišović Petar , Forte Alessandro M.
Published: June 2019

The North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP) erupted in two major pulses that coincide with the continental breakup and the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean over a period from 62 to 54 Ma. The unknown mantle structure under the North Atlantic during the Paleocene represents a major missing link in deciphering the geodynamic causes of this event. To address this outstanding challenge, we use a back-and-forth iterative method for time-reversed global convection modeling over the Cenozoic Era which incorporates models of present-day tomography-based mantle heterogeneity. We find that the Paleocene mantle under the North Atlantic is characterized by two major low-density plumes in the lower mantle: one beneath Greenland and another beneath the Azores. These strong lower-mantle upwellings generate small-scale hot upwellings and cold downwellings in the upper mantle. The upwellings are dispersed sources of magmatism and topographic uplift that were active on the rifted margins of the North Atlantic during the formation of the NAIP. While most studies of the Paleocene evolution of the North Atlantic have focused on the proto-Icelandic plume, our Cenozoic reconstructions reveal the equally important dynamics of a hot, buoyant, mantle-wide upwelling below the Azores.
Reversible silencing of endogenous receptors in intact brain tissue using 2-photon pharmacology
Authors: Pittolo Silvia , Lee Hyojung , Lladó Anna , Tosi Sébastien , Bosch Miquel , Bardia Lídia , Gómez-Santacana Xavier , Llebaria Amadeu , Soriano Eduardo , Colombelli Julien , Poskanzer Kira E. , Perea Gertrudis , Gorostiza Pau
Published: June 2019

Significance

Two-photon fluorescent probes to image intracellular calcium and other biochemical processes have revolutionized cell biology. In neurobiology, 2-photon calcium indicators produce signals that indirectly reflect action potential firing in neurons deep in the brain, and have become essential to record and correlate large-scale neural activity at high spatiotemporal resolution. Here we show that 2-photon excitable, diffusible photoswitches allow the activation and deactivation of neurotransmitter receptors with higher subtype-specificity and spatial resolution compared with previous molecular tools, and combined with calcium indicators enables to both control and readout activity using 2-photon excitation. Specifically, we used a potent and selective antagonist to switch on/off at the micrometer scale the activity of mGlu
5
receptors expressed endogenously in neurons and astrocytes of intact brain tissue.
Durability of mortars containing sugarcane bagasse ash
Authors: Jiménez-Quero V G , Ortiz-Guzmán M , Montes-García P
Published: June 2019

This research examines the durability properties of mortars containing sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) replacing Portland Cement (PC) by weight of binder. Mortar mixtures were prepared with a water-to-cementitious materials ratio of 0.60 and a cementitious/sand ratio of 1:2.75. A partial replacement of (PC) by 10% and 20% of (SCBA) was used. Compressive Strength, Electrical Resistivity, and Accelerated corrosion tests were investigated. The results showed that the addition of 10% SCBA to the mortar mixtures improves the compressive strength, increases the electrical resistivity more than the mixture control and delays first crack occurrence, therefore we may conclude it is a durable mortar. The results of electrical resistivity allow us to infer that the M3 mixture at late ages will reach the condition of low risk of corrosion. The SCBA used in this research does not require a high-energy-demanding posttreatment to be used in combination with PC for the preparation of durable mortars.
Calcium, Strontium And Barium Titanates As Photacatalysts
Authors: Solís Correa H E , Barceló Quintal I D , Valdés Espinosa A M
Published: June 2019

The titanates were synthesized by the sol-gel method using stearic acid as solvent and reagent. The photocatalytic activity of these materials were measured by discoloration of crystal violet in aqueous solution, irradiating with 254 nm ultraviolet light. TiO2 anatase, frequently used as a photocatalyst, was used to compare its photocatalytic activity with respect to the titanates used here. Activity was measured through dye degradation rate constants. It was expected that strontium and barium titanates, which have reduction potentials in the conduction band more positive than that of TiO2, would be more efficient as photocatalysts, but the experimental evidence does not confirm it.
Reaction of Na-A zeolite with molecular fluorine
Authors: Sánchez-Flores N A , Fripiat J J
Published: June 2019

NaA zeolite reacts rapidly with molecular fluorine at room temperature forming a mixture of amorphous material and of residual crystalline materials. The extent of the reaction depends on the gaseous pressure. The amorphous material contains fluorinated octahedral aluminum complex, sodium and silica. The crystalline fraction keeps the same unit cell parameter as the initial sample.
Reactive Black-5 Photodegradation by TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by Ultrasonic Spray
Authors: Becerril-Altamirano N. L. , Hernández López R. T. , González Reyes L. , Suárez Parra A. R. , Ramírez López R. , Martínez Jiménez A. , Hernández-Pérez I.
Published: June 2019

Structural, optical, textural and photochemical properties of transparent TiO2 thin films were investigated using XRD, AFM and DR-UV-Vis spectroscopy. TiO2 films were obtained by the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) deposit technique, using corning glass as substrate and a Titanium-Acetyl-acetonate in N,N-Dimethylformamide solution as precursor. XRD patterns depicted the presence of nanostructured materials with poor crystallinity and by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was measured the absorption profile and calculated the band gap energy of the TiO2 thin films. As the layer thickness diminished, the absorption edge showed a blue shift and the band gap energy was increased. AFM studies allowed determination of irregular thin coating with different morphologies and the presence of micropores. The photocatalytic behavior was evaluated employing the Reactive Black-5 degradation as model reaction. The reaction progress was monitored following the absorbance at 315 and 597 nm of the corresponding UV-Vis absorption spectra. According with the catalytic tests, it was found that the best degradation was achieved with the film prepared at 450 C during 6 minutes.
On some inconsistences between two accepted approaches to treat reversible thermal cycles
Authors: Ocampo-García A , Barranco-Jiménez M A , Angulo-Brown F
Published: June 2019

In many engineering thermodynamics textbooks, for solving reversible thermal cycles such as Otto and Joule-Bryton ones, commonly a kind of hybrid approach is used. On one hand an ideal gas is used as working fluid, but on the other hand, some thermal properties as heat capacities and their ratio are taken from data tables corresponding to imperfect gases. This approach leads to contradictions with the true reversible formalism. In this work, we analyse two examples treated in some thermodynamics textbooks where we show some inconsistences in the solutions of the problems.
Occlusion and noise tests on the encrypted image produced by a security system based on a joint transform correlator and the Fresnel transform
Authors: Vilardy Juan M. , Millán María S. , Pérez–Cabré Elisabet
Published: June 2019

In this work, the occlusion and noise test on the encrypted image produced by a joint transform correlator-based encryption system in the Fresnel domain (FrD) are computed and presented, in order to check the performance of this security system with respect to the image quality resulting in the decryption process for the retrieved image. The encryption system based on a joint transform correlator (JTC) in the FrD was proposed by us, with the purpose of using a lensless optical setup. We test the performance of this security system when the encrypted image is affected by common sources of degradation such as noise (additive and multiplicative) or partial occlusion. Finally, we evaluate the performance and robustness of the security system in the FrD by using the metric of the root mean square error (RMSE) between the image to encrypt and the decrypted image when the encrypted image is degraded by noise or modified by occlusion.
Halsey’s Measure and Curdling Theorem
Authors: del Río-Correa J L , López-García J , Durán-Meza G
Published: June 2019

For a multiplicative cascade (MC), we show that Halsey’s measure is non-degenerate when the partition function takes the value 1, it defines the function τ(q) and introduces a probability vector P(q) for MC. Using an Iterated Function System with Probability with its Hutchinson operator, we generate the MC, obtain the fractal decomposition of self-similar fractal F in subsets Jα, taking the statistical measure of these Jα with P(q) is showed that τ(q) and D(α) are a couple of Legendre transforms, and that for each value of q exist an statistical attractor Jα(q) called the curdling set, where is concentrated the statistical measure, this fact is denoted as the curdling theorem, using this theorem with the multifractal spectra is showed how is obtained the q value such Jα would be the curdling set of the MC.
Data analysis method for estimating virial acoustic virial coefficients of Argon from speed of sound data in the pressure-temperature domain
Authors: Núñez Marco A. , Medina Luis A.
Published: June 2019

Virial series of imperfect gases yield a way for study the reliability of potential interaction models by means of high precision the speed-of-sound data, which are measured as function of pressure and temperature. However, a theoretical study for Argon showed that the third acoustic virial coefficient estimated from by high precision velocity data for Argon, can be inconsistent with ab initio calculations in density-temperature domain. In this work we propose a data analysis method to solving this apparent contradiction. The results show that speed-of-sound data for Argon in the pressure-temperature domain can indeed yield reliable estimations of the third and fourth acoustic virial coefficients in the density-temperature domain.