bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monocyte to HDL and Neutrophil to HDL Ratios as Potential Ischemic Stroke Prognostic Biomarkers
Authors: Gkantzios Aimilios , Tsiptsios Dimitrios , Karapepera Vaia , Karatzetzou Stella , Kiamelidis Stratis , Vlotinou Pinelopi , Giannakou Erasmia , Karampina Evangeli , Paschalidou Katerina , Kourkoutsakis Nikolaos , Papanas Nikolaos , Aggelousis Nikolaos , Vadikolias Konstantinos
Published: February 2023

Ischemic stroke (IS) exhibits significant heterogeneity in terms of etiology and pathophysiology. Several recent studies highlight the significance of inflammation in the onset and progression of IS. White blood cell subtypes, such as neutrophils and monocytes, participate in the inflammatory response in various ways. On the other hand, high-density lipoproteins (HDL) exhibit substantial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. Consequently, novel inflammatory blood biomarkers have emerged, such as neutrophil to HDL ratio (NHR) and monocyte to HDL ratio (MHR). Literature research of two databases (MEDLINE and Scopus) was conducted to identify all relevant studies published between 1 January 2012 and 30 November 2022 dealing with NHR and MHR as biomarkers for IS prognosis. Only full-text articles published in the English language were included. Thirteen articles have been traced and are included in the present review. Our findings highlight the utility of NHR and MHR as novel stroke prognostic biomarkers, the widespread application, and the calculation of which, along with their inexpensive cost, make their clinical application extremely promising.
Does Better Diet Quality Offset the Association between Depression and Metabolic Syndrome?
Authors: Kim In Seon , Hwang Ji-Yun
Published: February 2023

Several studies have shown that depression increases the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is often exacerbated by the fact that both exist concurrently. People with depression are more likely to have unhealthy eating habits, which can eventually trigger the development of MetS. This study was to investigate whether diet quality modifies the association between depression and MetS in a total of 13,539 Korean adults aged 19 to 80 from 2014, 2016 and 2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Depression was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and subjects were divided into subgroups according to the PHQ-9 scores: normal (<5), mild (5–9), and moderate-to-severe (≥10) groups. Diet quality was measured by the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI). A complex sample multiple logistic regression stratified by tertiles of KHEI scores was used to explore whether diet quality modifies an association between depression severity and metabolic syndrome. Depression severity was positively associated with the risk of MetS (p trend = 0.006) after adjustment for potential confounders. Only the lowest diet quality, moderately-to-severely depressed group, showed a higher risk of MetS (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.24–2.40) compared to the normal group. Our results suggest that healthy diet quality could offset the positive relationship between depression and MetS in the general Korean adult population. Encouraging a healthy diet regime can improve not only physical health but also the mental state of the general public.
Screening for Influenza and Morbillivirus in Seals and Porpoises in the Baltic and North Sea
Authors: Stokholm Iben , Baechlein Christine , Persson Sara , Roos Anna , Galatius Anders , Kyhn Line Anker , Sveegaard Signe , Thøstesen Charlotte Bie , Olsen Morten Tange , Becher Paul , Siebert Ursula
Published: February 2023

Historically, the seals and harbour porpoises of the Baltic Sea and North Sea have been subjected to hunting, chemical pollutants and repeated mass mortalities, leading to significant population fluctuations. Despite the conservation implications and the zoonotic potential associated with viral disease outbreaks in wildlife, limited information is available on the circulation of viral pathogens in Baltic Sea seals and harbour porpoises. Here, we investigated the presence of the influenza A virus (IAV), the phocine distemper virus (PDV) and the cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) in tracheal swabs and lung tissue samples from 99 harbour seals, 126 grey seals, 73 ringed seals and 78 harbour porpoises collected in the Baltic Sea and North Sea between 2002–2019. Despite screening 376 marine mammals collected over nearly two decades, we only detected one case of PDV and two cases of IAV linked to the documented viral outbreaks in seals in 2002 and 2014, respectively. Although we find no evidence of PDV and IAV during intermediate years, reports of isolated cases of PDV in North Sea harbour seals and IAV (H5N8) in Baltic and North Sea grey seals suggest introductions of those pathogens within the sampling period. Thus, to aid future monitoring efforts we highlight the need for a standardized and continuous sample collection of swabs, tissue and blood samples across Baltic Sea countries.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prevention through Monoclonal Antibodies: A Cross-Sectional Study on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Italian Pediatricians
Authors: Riccò Matteo , Corrado Silvia , Cerviere Milena Pia , Ranzieri Silvia , Marchesi Federico
Published: February 2023

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of morbidity and hospitalization in all infants. Many RSV vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are currently under development to protect all infants, but to date preventive options are available only for preterms. In this study, we assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards RSV and the preventive use of mAb in a sample of Italian Pediatricians. An internet survey was administered through an internet discussion group, with a response rate of 4.4% over the potential respondents (No. 389 out of 8842, mean age 40.1 ± 9.1 years). The association of individual factors, knowledge, and risk perception status with the attitude towards mAb was initially inquired by means of a chi squared test, and all variables associated with mAb with p < 0.05 were included in a multivariable model calculating correspondent adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Of the participants, 41.9% had managed RSV cases in the previous 5 years, 34.4% had diagnosed RSV cases, and 32.6% required a subsequent hospitalization. However, only 14.4% had previously required mAb as immunoprophylaxis for RSV. Knowledge status was substantially inappropriate (actual estimate 54.0% ± 14.2, potential range 0–100), while the majority of participants acknowledged RSV as a substantial health threat for all infants (84.8%). In multivariable analysis, all these factors were characterized as positive effectors for having prescribed mAb (aOR 6.560, 95%CI 2.904–14.822 for higher knowledge score; aOR 6.579, 95%CI 2.919–14.827 for having a hospital background, and a OR 13.440, 95%CI 3.989; 45.287 for living in Italian Major Islands). In other words, reporting less knowledge gaps, having worked in settings with a higher risk of interaction with more severe cases, and being from Italian Major Islands, were identified as positive effectors for a higher reliance on mAb. However, the significant extent of knowledge gaps highlights the importance of appropriate medical education on RSV, its potential health consequences, and the investigational preventive interventions.
Soil Fungistasis against Fusarium Graminearum under Different tillage Systems
Authors: Supronienė Skaidrė , Kadžienė Gražina , Shamshitov Arman , Veršulienė Agnė , Šneideris Donatas , Ivanauskas Algirdas , Žvirdauskienė Renata
Published: February 2023

The establishment of the harmful pathogen Fusarium graminearum in different agroecosystems may strongly depend on the ability of the soils to suppress its development and survival. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different soil tillage systems (i.e., conventional tillage, reduced tillage and no-tillage) on soil fungistasis against F. graminearum. Soil samples were collected three times during the plant growing season in 2016 and 2017 from a long-term, 20-year soil tillage experiment. The F. graminearum in the soil samples was quantified by real-time qPCR. The soil fungistasis was evaluated by the reduction in the radial growth of F. graminearum in an in vitro assay. The antagonistic activity of the soil bacteria was tested using the dual culture method. The F. graminearum DNA contents in the soils were negatively correlated with soil fungistasis (r = –0.649 *). F. graminearum growth on the unfumigated soil was reduced by 70–87% compared to the chloroform fumigated soil. After the plant vegetation renewal, the soil fungistasis intensity was higher in the conventionally tilled fields than in the no-tillage. However, no significant differences were obtained among the tillage treatments at the mid-plant growth stage and after harvesting. 23 out of 104 bacteria isolated from the soil had a moderate effect, and only 1 had a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of F. graminearum. This bacterium was assigned 100% similarity to the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Hy7 strain (gene bank no: JN382250) according to the sequence of the 16S ribosome subunit coding gene. The results of our study suggest that the presence of F. graminearum in soil is suppressed by soil fungistasis; however, the role of tillage is influenced by other factors, such as soil biological activity, type and quantity of plant residues and environmental conditions.
Coconut Callus Initiation for Cell Suspension Culture
Authors: Kong Eveline Y. Y. , Biddle Julianne , Kalaipandian Sundaravelpandian , Adkins Steve W.
Published: February 2023

The development of a cell suspension culture system for the scaling up of coconut embryogenic callus (EC) production would drastically improve efforts to achieve the large-scale production of high-quality clonal plantlets. To date, the hard nature of coconut EC appeared to be the main constraint for developing cell suspension cultures. Hence, this study attempted to acquire friable EC through the following approaches: The manipulation of (1) medium type and subculture frequency, (2) a reduced 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid concentration during subculture, (3) the nitrate level and the ammonium-to-nitrate ratio, and the addition of amino acid mixture, (4) the addition of L-proline, and (5) the reduction of medium nutrients. Unfortunately, none of these culture conditions produced friable coconut EC. Even though friable EC was not achieved via these approaches, some of the conditions were found to influence the formation of compact EC, therefore these results are important for further studies focused on somatic embryogenesis in coconut and other species.
Natural Melanogenesis Inhibitor, Antioxidant, and Collagen Biosynthesis Stimulator of Phytochemicals in Rice Bran and Husk Extracts from Purple Glutinous Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Pieisu 1 CMU) for Cosmetic Application
Authors: Linsaenkart Pichchapa , Ruksiriwanich Warintorn , Jantrawut Pensak , Chittasupho Chuda , Rachtanapun Pornchai , Jantanasakulwong Kittisak , Sommano Sarana Rose , Prom-u-thai Chanakan , Jamjod Sansanee , Arjin Chaiwat , Sringarm Korawan , Barba Francisco J.
Published: February 2023

Oryza sativa L. cv. Pieisu 1 CMU (PES1CMU) has a high anthocyanin content in the colored bran and high phenolic content in the husk. Biologically active compounds in plants are available as dietary supplements and cosmetics. To expand the utilization of natural resources, PES1CMU will be a natural remedy for skin hyperpigmentation and aging. Cell-free tyrosinase inhibition and scavenging assays were used to screen all extracts, including PES1CMU-rice bran oil (RBO), PES1CMU-defatted rice bran (DFRB), and PES1CMU-husk (H). PES1CMU extracts were first examined in IBMX-stimulated B16 cells and H2O2-induced fibroblasts. The results exhibited that PES1CMU-DFRB was the most effective inhibitor of mushroom tyrosinase, intracellular melanin production (fold change of 1.11 ± 0.01), and tyrosinase activity (fold change of 1.22 ± 0.10) in IBMX-stimulated B16 cells. Particularly, PES1CMU-DFRB showed a comparable whitening effect to the standard arbutin with no significant difference (p > 0.05). Moreover, PES1CMU-DFRB and PES1CMU-H demonstrated strong scavenging activities. After accelerated cell aging caused by H2O2 exposure in fibroblasts, the levels of malondialdehyde production in all PES1CMU-treated fibroblasts were comparable with those of standard l-ascorbic acid (p > 0.05). Besides, PES1CMU-DFRB and PES1CMU-H treatment significantly inhibited collagen degradation against MMP-2 compared to l-ascorbic acid-treated cells (p > 0.05). PES1CMU rice-processing wastes (DFRB and H) could become potential natural sources for dermatocosmetic constituents in skin anti-aging and whitening products.
Comparison of Soil Bacterial Communities under Canopies of Pinus tabulaeformis and Populus euramericana in a Reclaimed Waste Dump
Authors: Hou Huping , Liu Haiya , Xiong Jinting , Wang Chen , Zhang Shaoliang , Ding Zhongyi
Published: February 2023

To compare the effects of different remediation tree species on soil bacterial communities and provide a theoretical basis for the selection of ecosystem function promotion strategies after vegetation restoration, the characteristic changes in soil bacterial communities after Pinus tabulaeformis and Populus euramericana reclamation were explored using high-throughput sequencing and molecular ecological network methods. The results showed that: (1) With the increase in reclamation years, the reclaimed soil properties were close to the control group, and the soil properties of Pinus tabulaeformis were closer to the control group than those of P. euramericana. (2) The dominant bacteria under the canopies of P. tabulaeformis and P. euramericana was the same. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Planctomycetes, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria were the dominant bacteria in the restored soil, accounting for more than 95% of the total abundance. The average values of the Shannon diversity index, Simpson diversity index, Chao 1 richness estimator, and abundance-based coverage estimator of the bacterial community in the P. euramericana reclaimed soil were higher than those in the P. tabulaeformis reclaimed soil. The influence of reclamation years on the bacterial community of samples is greater than that of species types. (3) The results of ecological network construction showed that the total number of nodes, total number of connections, and average connectivity of the soil bacterial network under P. euramericana reclamation were greater than those under P. tabulaeformis reclamation. The bacterial molecular ecological network under P. euramericana was more abundant. (4) Among the dominant bacteria, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria was negatively correlated with soil pH, soil total nitrogen content, and the activities of urease, invertase, and alkaline phosphatase, while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes was positively correlated with these environmental factors. The relationship between the soil bacterial community of P. tabulaeformis and P. euramericana and the environmental factors is not completely the same, and even the interaction between some environmental factors and bacteria is opposite.
Salinity Alleviation and Reduction in Oxidative Stress by Endophytic and Rhizospheric Microbes in Two Rice Cultivars
Authors: Gupta Amrita , Singh Arvind Nath , Tiwari Rajesh Kumar , Sahu Pramod Kumar , Yadav Jagriti , Srivastava Alok Kumar , Kumar Sanjay
Published: February 2023

Increased soil salinity poses serious limitations in crop yield and quality; thus, an attempt was made to explore microbial agents to mitigate the ill effects of salinity in rice. The hypothesis was mapping of microbial induction of stress tolerance in rice. Since the rhizosphere and endosphere are two different functional niches directly affected by salinity, it could be very crucial to evaluate them for salinity alleviation. In this experiment, endophytic and rhizospheric microbes were tested for differences in salinity stress alleviation traits in two rice cultivars, CO51 and PB1. Two endophytic bacteria, Bacillus haynesii 2P2 and Bacillus safensis BTL5, were tested with two rhizospheric bacteria, Brevibacterium frigoritolerans W19 and Pseudomonas fluorescens 1001, under elevated salinity (200 mM NaCl) along with Trichoderma viride as an inoculated check. The pot study indicated towards the presence of variable salinity mitigation mechanisms among these strains. Improvement in the photosynthetic machinery was also recorded. These inoculants were evaluated for the induction of antioxidant enzymes viz. CAT, SOD, PO, PPO, APX, and PAL activity along with the effect on proline levels. Modulation of the expression of salt stress responsive genes OsPIP1, MnSOD1, cAPXa, CATa, SERF, and DHN was assessed. Root architecture parameters viz. cumulative length of total root, projection area, average diameter, surface area, root volume, fractal dimension, number of tips, and forks were studied. Confocal scanning laser microscopy indicated accumulation of Na+ in leaves using cell impermeant Sodium Green™, Tetra (Tetramethylammonium) Salt. It was found that each of these parameters were induced differentially by endophytic bacteria, rhizospheric bacteria, and fungus, indicating different paths to complement one ultimate plant function. The biomass accumulation and number of effective tillers were highest in T4 (Bacillus haynesii 2P2) plants in both cultivars and showed the possibility of cultivar specific consortium. These strains and their mechanisms could form the basis for further evaluating microbial strains for climate-resilient agriculture.
Nitrocellulose Based Film-Forming Gels with Cinnamon Essential Oil for Covering Surface Wounds
Authors: Pudžiuvelytė Lauryna , Drulytė Evelina , Bernatonienė Jurga
Published: February 2023

Acute and chronic wounds caused by assorted reasons impact patient’s quality of life. Films are one of the main types of moisture retentive dressings for wounds. To improve the healing of the wound, films must ensure there is no microorganism contamination, protect from negative environmental effects, and support optimal moisture content. The aim of this study was to formulate optimal film-forming gel compositions that would have good physico-chemical properties and be suitable for wound treatment. Nitrocellulose, castor oil, ethanol (96%), ethyl acetate, and cinnamon leaf essential oil were used to create formulations. During the study, the drying rate, adhesion, flexibility, tensile strength, cohesiveness, swelling, water vapor penetration, pH value, and morphology properties of films were examined. Results showed that optimal concentrations of nitrocellulose for film-forming gel production were 13.4% and 15%. The concentrations of nitrocellulose and cinnamon leaf essential oil impacted the films’ physicochemical properties (drying rate, swelling, adhesion, flexibility, etc.). The swelling test showed that films of formulations could absorb significant amounts of simulant wound exudate. Film-forming gels and films showed no microbial contamination and were stable three months after production.
Investigating Variation in Compressional Behavior of a Ternary Mixture from a Plastic, Elastic and Brittle Fracture Perspective in the Context of Optimum Composition of a Pharmaceutical Blend
Authors: Ali Hiba Hani Mohammed , Al-Akayleh Faisal , Al Jafari Abdel Hadi , Rashid Iyad
Published: February 2023

The choice of optimum composition of a mixture of binary and ternary excipients for optimum compressional properties was investigated in this work. Excipients were chosen based on three types of excipients: plastic, elastic, and brittle fracture. Mixture compositions were selected based on a one-factor experimental design using the response surface methodology technique. Compressive properties comprising Heckel and Kawakita parameters, work of compression, and tablet hardness were measured as the main responses of this design. The one-factor RSM analysis revealed that there exist specific mass fractions that are associated with optimum responses for binary mixtures. Furthermore, the RSM analysis of the ‘mixture’ design type for the three components revealed a region of optimal responses around a specific composition. The foregoing had a mass ratio of 80:15:5 for microcrystalline cellulose: starch: magnesium silicate, respectively. Upon comparison using all RSM data, ternary mixtures were found to perform better in compression and tableting properties than binary mixtures. Finally, the finding of an optimal mixture composition has proven effective in its applicability in the context of the dissolution of model drugs (metronidazole and paracetamol).
Dynamic Analysis of the Lifting Arm System in the Integrated Offshore Platform Decommissioning Equipment in Complicated Sea States
Authors: Xiao Wensheng , Li Changjiang , Fan Lianghuan , Li Quan , Tan Liping
Published: February 2023

With the further exploitation of offshore resources, there are more and more offshore oil and gas fields which cannot meet the production capacity requirements. So, it becomes extremely urgent to pay attention to the decommissioning of the exploitation equipment in abandoned offshore fields. A new decommissioning solution is offered by the double-ship integrated offshore platform decommissioning equipment comes. However, as the equipment will inevitably bear the combined actions of various dynamic and static loads during operation, the strength and stability of the overall unit and the connections between different modules will be greatly challenged by the complex ocean. Firstly, the dynamic characteristics of the integrated decommissioning system are analyzed in this paper. Mathematical modeling of the lifting arm system is established based on the unit characteristics matrix, and a dynamic equation of the flexible lifting arm unit and system is developed based on Lagrange’s equation and solved through numerical calculation. Secondly, modal analysis and transient analysis of the lifting arm in specific working conditions are performed according to the prototype parameters of the designed decommissioning system. Finally, according to the principle of similitude, a hydrodynamic experiment method is proposed with an integrated decommissioning multi-dimensional vibration test bench. The decommissioning system model test bench is designed and built to perform the dynamic response test, and this paper compares the test results and the simulation results for verification. The comparison verifies that the theoretical analysis and the tests prove each other valid and the results are accurate, meaning this work provides a powerful theoretical reference and offers effective research methods for future studies on super-large-scale integrated decommissioning equipment.
Data-Independent Phase-Only Beamforming of FDA-MIMO Radar for Swarm Interference Suppression
Authors: Chen Geng , Wang Chunyang , Gong Jian , Tan Ming , Liu Yibin
Published: February 2023

This paper proposes two data-independent phase-only beamforming algorithms for frequency diverse array multiple-input multiple-output radar against swarm interference. The proposed strategy can form a deep null at the interference area to achieve swarm interference suppression by tuning the phase of the weight vector, which can effectively reduce the hardware cost of the receiver. Specifically, the first algorithm imposes constant modulus constraint and sidelobe level constraint, and the phase-only weight vector is solved. The second algorithm performs a constant modulus decomposition of the weight vector to obtain two phase-only weight vectors, and uses two parallel phase shifters to synthesize one beamforming weight. Both methods can obtain the phase-only weight to realize suppression for swarm interference. Simulation results demonstrate that our strategy shows superiority in beam shape, output signal-to-interference-noise ratio, and phase shifter quantization performance, and has the potential for use in many applications, such as radar countermeasures and electronic defense.
A Spatial–Temporal Joint Radar-Communication Waveform Design Method with Low Sidelobe Level of Beampattern
Authors: Liu Liu , Liang Xingdong , Li Yanlei , Liu Yunlong , Bu Xiangxi , Wang Mingming
Published: February 2023

A joint radar-communication (JRC) system utilizes the integrated transmit waveform and a single platform to perform radar and communication functions simultaneously. Admittedly, the multibeam waveform design approach could transmit the assigned waveforms in different beams with the aid of spatial and temporal degrees of freedom. However, a high sidelobe level (SLL) in the beampattern reduces energy efficiency and expands exposure probability. In this study, we propose a novel spatial–temporal joint waveform design method based on the beamforming algorithm to form a low SLL beampattern. Waveform synthesis constraints are considered to synthesize desired radar and communication waveforms at designated directions. Furthermore, we impose the constant modulus constraint to lessen the impact of the high peak-to-average ratio (PAPR). The optimization process of the whole model can be summarized as two stages. First, the covariance matrix is created by convex optimization with respect to the minimum SLL. Second, the integrated transmit waveform is tuned through an alternating projection algorithm. Based on the simulation findings, we demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the traditional methods in terms of low SLL and waveform synthesis. Meanwhile, we validate the effectiveness of the proposed method using semi-physical experiment results.
Validity and Reliability of Kinvent Plates for Assessing Single Leg Static and Dynamic Balance in the Field
Authors: Meras Serrano Hugo , Mottet Denis , Caillaud Kevin
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to validate PLATES for assessing unipodal balance in the field, for example, to monitor ankle instabilities in athletes or patients. PLATES is a pair of lightweight, connected force platforms that measure only vertical forces. In 14 healthy women, we measured ground reaction forces during Single Leg Balance and Single Leg Landing tests, first under laboratory conditions (with PLATES and with a 6-DOF reference force platform), then during a second test session in the field (with PLATES). We found that for these simple unipodal balance tests, PLATES was reliable in the laboratory and in the field: PLATES gives results comparable with those of a reference force platform with 6-DOF for the key variables in the tests (i.e., Mean Velocity of the Center of Pressure and Time to Stabilization). We conclude that health professionals, physical trainers, and researchers can use PLATES to conduct Single Leg Balance and Single Leg Landing tests in the laboratory and in the field.
A Survey on 5G Coverage Improvement Techniques: Issues and Future Challenges
Authors: Sudhamani Chilakala , Roslee Mardeni , Tiang Jun Jiat , Rehman Aziz Ur
Published: February 2023

Fifth generation (5G) is a recent wireless communication technology in mobile networks. The key parameters of 5G are enhanced coverage, ultra reliable low latency, high data rates, massive connectivity and better support to mobility. Enhanced coverage is one of the major issues in the 5G and beyond 5G networks, which will be affecting the overall system performance and end user experience. The increasing number of base stations may increase the coverage but it leads to interference between the cell edge users, which in turn impacts the coverage. Therefore, enhanced coverage is one of the future challenging issues in cellular networks. In this survey, coverage enhancement techniques are explored to improve the overall system performance, throughput, coverage capacity, spectral efficiency, outage probability, data rates, and latency. The main aim of this article is to highlight the recent developments and deployments made towards the enhanced network coverage and to discuss its future research challenges.
Unsupervised Learning of Disentangled Representation via Auto-Encoding: A Survey
Authors: Eddahmani Ikram , Pham Chi-Hieu , Napoléon Thibault , Badoc Isabelle , Fouefack Jean-Rassaire , El-Bouz Marwa
Published: February 2023

In recent years, the rapid development of deep learning approaches has paved the way to explore the underlying factors that explain the data. In particular, several methods have been proposed to learn to identify and disentangle these underlying explanatory factors in order to improve the learning process and model generalization. However, extracting this representation with little or no supervision remains a key challenge in machine learning. In this paper, we provide a theoretical outlook on recent advances in the field of unsupervised representation learning with a focus on auto-encoding-based approaches and on the most well-known supervised disentanglement metrics. We cover the current state-of-the-art methods for learning disentangled representation in an unsupervised manner while pointing out the connection between each method and its added value on disentanglement. Further, we discuss how to quantify disentanglement and present an in-depth analysis of associated metrics. We conclude by carrying out a comparative evaluation of these metrics according to three criteria, (i) modularity, (ii) compactness and (iii) informativeness. Finally, we show that only the Mutual Information Gap score (MIG) meets all three criteria.
The Promotion Path of Pseudo and Real Human Settlements Environment Coupling Coordination in Resource-Based Cities
Authors: Li Guozhu , Liu Meichen
Published: February 2023

A suitable living environment is the common aspiration of city residents and the inherent requirement of sustainable development. This paper takes 114 resource-based cities in China as the research objects, constructs a pseudo human settlement environment (PSH) system based on network data, and constructs a real human settlement environment (RSH) system based on traditional data, measures the coupling coordination degree of the pseudo and real human settlement environment, and uses Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to analyze its improvement path. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The evaluation index of real human settlements in China’s resource-based cities continues to grow, and the evaluation index of pseudo human settlements increases first and then decreases. (2) The coupling coordination degree between the resource-based pseudo city and the real human settlement environment presents an inverted U-shaped change trend, and the overall distribution presents a three-level ladder-like distribution of east-central-west. (3) A single condition has a weak ability to explain the coupling coordination degree of human settlements; the coupling coordination degree of resource-based cities has formed three improvement paths: opening + finance driven model, opening + education + finance driven model, and education + finance driven model.
Chemical Composition and Health Attributes of Agri-Foods: A Scientific Overview on Black Foods
Authors: Nguyen Duyen H. H. , El-Ramady Hassan , Llanaj Xhensila , Törős Gréta , Hajdú Peter , Prokisch József
Published: February 2023

Several kinds of food can be analyzed by the human sensory organs. In this review, we demonstrate the relation and importance of the color and bioactive molecules of food and their health effects. This work focuses on black foods, which can be found in both natural and processed forms, present in our daily life for several years without being noticed. Besides, the chemistry underlying the black color of black foods has not yet been fully understood. More than 130 black foods are reported in the current review, which belong to 3 main groups and 12 sub-groups. In studied black foods, melanins and anthocyanins are the primary pigments, along with other pigments such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, and tannins. The health potential of black foods is also discussed. Due to their high concentration of phytochemical and phenolic compounds, black-colored foods are beneficial in preventing diseases and boosting the immune system. As a promising natural pigment and antioxidant compound source, black foods could be used as functional foods. Several questions on black foods are still open and need more investigation, especially the mechanisms by which the black color is formed in fruits and vegetables.
Seismic Performance of an Exterior Joint between a Square Steel Tube Column and an H-Shape Steel Beam
Authors: Lin Yongle , Wang Xinwu , Gong Jian , Wang Shuren , Sun Haisu , Liu Huanhuan
Published: February 2023

This study developed a 1:2 scale model using T-shape steel with one-side bolts to connect a square steel tube column to an H-shape steel beam for a quasi-static test to investigate the mechanical properties and seismic behavior of semi-rigid joints. Within the study context, the joint’s failure characteristics, hysteresis characteristics, and strain tendency under cyclic load were determined. In addition, this research analyzed the force characteristics and seismic performance of such joints based on the test outcomes. In order to further study the seismic performance of such joints, ABAQUS finite element software was used to establish a numerical model and perform parametric analysis. The findings indicated that the force on both sides of the joint is inconsistent, resulting in different seismic performances on both sides of the joint. Selecting a T-shape steel connector significantly affects the seismic capacity of beam–column joints. The seismic capacity of joints can be improved by increasing the size of the T-shape steel. The stability of one-side bolts under repeated load is good, and their strain value rises steadily. Hence, this type of one-side bolt is suitable for connecting closed steel tube columns and other components. In general, the seismic performance of square steel tube column–H-shape steel beam joints with one-side bolts and a T-shape steel connection is good and is recommended for practical engineering.
Method for Unloading Zonation Based on Strain per Unit Crack: Case Study of a Large-Scale Rocky Slope on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Xu Zhengxuan , Chen Guoqing , Sun Xiang , Yang Xin , Lin Zhiheng
Published: February 2023

Distribution of unloading zones determines stability of slopes, and the unloading of a large-scale rocky slope formed by rapid river erosion and surface uplift on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is particularly severe. Generally, unloading assessment relies on traditional methods, which are mainly related to phenomena. However, unloading is a process of deformation and failure regarding the rock mass. Based on deformation and failure, strain rate and crack rate established through theoretical analysis can measure the relationship between accumulative width of open cracks and unloading deformation and the relationship between accumulative number of cracks and unloading failure, respectively. Thus, a method that combines strain rate and crack rate, namely strain per unit crack (i.e., SPUC), is proposed. The SPUC was applied to assess the unloading zones of a large-scale rocky slope on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The results show that the SPUC curve regularly varied and can be easily divided into three parts. Strong and weak unloading zones can be recognized from the SPUC curve. The reasonability of SPUC in the unloading zones assessment was confirmed by comparing and verifying with traditional methods. We found that SPUC has good universality and can compensate for the defect of using strain rate or crack rate to assess unloading zones.
The Impact of Sewage-Sludge- and Olive-Mill-Waste-Derived Biochar Amendments to Tomato Cultivation
Authors: Lilli Maria A. , Paranychianakis Nikolaos V. , Lionoudakis Konstantinos , Kritikaki Anna , Voutsadaki Styliani , Saru Maria L. , Komnitsas Konstantinos , Nikolaidis Nikolaos P.
Published: February 2023

This study elucidated the impact of sewage-sludge (SS) and olive-mill-waste (OMW) biochar amendments to soil using tomatoes as a test crop. Four treatments were evaluated: the “control” with no biochar amendment, two SS biochar treatments with the addition of 10 t/ha and 25 t/ha, respectively, and an OMW biochar treatment with the addition of 25 t/ha. Higher yields were observed in both SS biochar treatments, providing evidence that biochar acts as a plant bio-stimulant. Biochar application had positive impacts on carbon sequestration and soil structure. The uptake of heavy metals by all plant parts was very low, indicating that biochar is an appropriate product for land application. Biochar dose and type induced changes in the composition due to the different unique species and biodiversity of microbial communities. Venn diagrams revealed that the majority of the identified taxa were shared among the treatments, and only a small proportion of them were unique in bulk soil between treatments. In the rhizosphere, the OMW-biochar-treated plants showed a higher number of unique taxa. Microbiota structure plays a major role in the stimulation of plant growth; however, further research is needed to understand the impact of these shifts in the functioning of agroecosystems.
Spatial-Temporal Evolution and Driving Factors of Regional Green Development: An Empirical Study in Yellow River Basin
Authors: Zhou Fuli , Si Dongge , Hai Panpan , Ma Panpan , Pratap Saurabh
Published: February 2023

The sustainable development of the Yellow River Basin (YRB) is regarded as a national strategy for China. Previous literature has focused on the green efficiency measurement of YRB, ignoring its evolution process and influential mechanism. This paper tries to disclose the spatial-temporal evolution of green efficiency and its influential mechanism of the YRB region by proposing a novel integrated DEA-Tobit model to fill the gap. Based on the development path of the YRB region, the multi-period two-stage DEA model is adopted to evaluate the green development efficiency (GDE) from provincial and urban dimensions. In addition, the panel Tobit model is developed to investigate the influential factors of the GDE for the YRB region. The GDE in the YRB region shows an unbalanced state where the downstream is best, followed by the middle and upstream. The unbalanced development also exists within the province. Both Henan and Shandong Province achieved the optimal value, while cities in these two provinces show lower green efficiency. The results also show that economic development, technological innovation and foreign capital utilization obviously affect the GDE of the YRB region positively, while industrial structure, urbanization levels and environmental regulation have negative effects.
Consumer Panic Buying Behavior and Supply Distribution Strategy in a Multiregional Network after a Sudden Disaster
Authors: Wu Shiwen , Shen Yanfang , Geng Yujie , Chen Tinggui , Xi Lei
Published: February 2023

Panic buying is now a frequent occurrence in many countries, leading to stockouts and supply chain disruptions. This paper highlights consumers’ panic buying behavior in different types of regions and the impact of different replenishment strategies after an emergency supply disruption. Panic buying behavior occurs when consumers try to mitigate the negative impact of a supply disruption. Therefore, this paper develops a consumer-based agency model to study the correlation between public opinion and panic buying and simulates the influence of consumers’ panic buying behavior under different situations in a complex network. The results show that the spread of panic feelings can lead to panic buying behavior among consumers, which then shocks the retailer market. The distribution of supplies according to the type of city and the number of people can have an impact on consumer panic buying behavior, and when the government adopts a restrictive strategy, implementing a quota policy or uniform rationing is very effective in reducing the number of consumers participating in panic buying.
Recent Developments in Oral Delivery of Vaccines Using Nanocarriers
Authors: Zafar Amna , Arshad Raffia , Ur.Rehman Asim , Ahmed Naveed , Akhtar Hashaam
Published: February 2023

As oral administration of vaccines is the preferred route due to its high patient compliance and ability to stimulate both cellular and humoral immune responses, it is also associated with several challenges that include denaturation of vaccine components in the acidic environment of the stomach, degradation from proteolytic enzymes, and poor absorption through the intestinal membrane. To achieve effective delivery of such biomolecules, there is a need to investigate novel strategies of formulation development that can overcome the barriers associated with conventional vaccine delivery systems. Nanoparticles are advanced drug delivery carriers that provide target-oriented delivery by encapsulating vaccine components within them, thus making them stable against unfavorable conditions. This review provides a detailed overview of the different types of nanocarriers and various approaches that can enhance oral vaccine delivery.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: Treatments and Clinical Management
Authors: Malik Shiza , Ahmad Tahir , Muhammad Khalid , Waheed Yasir
Published: February 2023

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major healthcare concern, especially for immune-compromised individuals and infants below 5 years of age. Worldwide, it is known to be associated with incidences of morbidity and mortality in infants. Despite the seriousness of the issue and continuous rigorous scientific efforts, no approved vaccine or available drug is fully effective against RSV. The purpose of this review article is to provide insights into the past and ongoing efforts for securing effective vaccines and therapeutics against RSV. The readers will be able to confer the mechanism of existing therapies and the loopholes that need to be overcome for future therapeutic development against RSV. A methodological approach was applied to collect the latest data and updated results regarding therapeutics and vaccine development against RSV. We outline the latest throughput vaccination technologies and prophylactic development efforts linked with RSV. A range of vaccination approaches with the already available vaccine (with limited use) and those undergoing trials are included. Moreover, important drug regimens used alone or in conjugation with adjuvants or vaccines are also briefly discussed. After reading this article, the audience will be able to understand the current standing of clinical management in the form of the vaccine, prophylactic, and therapeutic candidates against RSV. An understanding of the biological behavior acting as a reason behind the lack of effective therapeutics against RSV will also be developed. The literature indicates a need to overcome the limitations attached to RSV clinical management, drugs, and vaccine development that could be explained by dealing with the challenges of current study designs with continuous improvement and further work and approval on novel therapeutic applications.
The Debate between the Human Microbiota and Immune System in Treating Aerodigestive and Digestive Tract Cancers: A Review
Authors: Domingues Cátia , Cabral Cristiana , Jarak Ivana , Veiga Francisco , Dourado Marília , Figueiras Ana
Published: February 2023

The human microbiota comprises a group of microorganisms co-existing in the human body. Unbalanced microbiota homeostasis may impact metabolic and immune system regulation, shrinking the edge between health and disease. Recently, the microbiota has been considered a prominent extrinsic/intrinsic element of cancer development and a promising milestone in the modulation of conventional cancer treatments. Particularly, the oral cavity represents a yin-and-yang target site for microorganisms that can promote human health or contribute to oral cancer development, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum. Moreover, Helicobacter pylori has also been implicated in esophageal and stomach cancers, and decreased butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Lachnospiraceae spp. and Ruminococcaceae, have demonstrated a protective role in the development of colorectal cancer. Interestingly, prebiotics, e.g., polyphenols, probiotics (Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Burkholderia), postbiotics (inosine, butyrate, and propionate), and innovative nanomedicines can modulate antitumor immunity, circumventing resistance to conventional treatments and could complement existing therapies. Therefore, this manuscript delivers a holistic perspective on the interaction between human microbiota and cancer development and treatment, particularly in aerodigestive and digestive cancers, focusing on applying prebiotics, probiotics, and nanomedicines to overcome some challenges in treating cancer.
Clinical and Serological Follow-Up of 216 Patients with Hematological Malignancies after Vaccination with Pfizer-BioNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 in a Real-World Study
Authors: Rossi Jean-François , Bonnet Emmanuel , Castelli Christel , Velensek Marion , Wisniewski Emma , Heraud Sophie , Boustany Rania , David Céleste , Dinet Jérôme , Sicard Roland , Daures Jean-Pierre , Bonifacy Marion , Mousset Lysiane , Goffart Emmanuel
Published: February 2023

Hematological malignancies (HMs) have heterogeneous serological responses after vaccination due to disease or treatment. The aim of this real-world study was to analyze it after Pfizer-BioNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in 216 patients followed up for 1 year. The first 43 patients had an initial follow-up by a telemedicine (TM) system with no major events reported. The anti-spike IgG antibodies were checked 3–4 weeks post-first vaccination and every 3–4 months, by two standard bioassays and a rapid serological test (RST). Vaccine boosts were given when the level was <7 BAU/mL. Patients who did not seroconvert after 3–4 doses received tixagevimab/cilgavimab (TC). Fifteen results were discordant between two standard bioassays. Good agreement was observed between the standard and RST in 97 samples. After two doses, 68% were seroconverted (median = 59 BAU/mL) with a median of 162 BAU/mL and 9 BAU/mL, respectively, in untreated and treated patients (p < 0.001), particularly for patients receiving rituximab. Patients with gammaglobulin levels < 5 g/L had reduced seroconversion compared to higher levels (p = 0.019). The median levels were 228 BAU/mL post-second dose if seroconverted post-first and second, or if seroconverted only post-second dose. A total of 68% of post-second dose negative patients were post-third dose positive. A total of 16% received TC, six with non-severe symptomatic COVID-19 within 15–40 days. Personalized serological follow-up should apply particularly to patients with HMs.
Matching Degree between Agricultural Water and Land Resources in the Xijiang River Basin under Changing Environment
Authors: Wang Shufang , Wang Liping
Published: February 2023

The matching degree between agricultural water and land resources directly determines the sustainable development of regional agriculture. Based on climate data corrected by delta statistical downscaling from five global climate models (GCMs) in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) and a multi-model ensemble, this study simulated the runoff used by the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC-3L) model under four emission scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) and analyzed the land use changing trend to obtain the matching degree between agricultural water and land resources. The results demonstrate that annual climate factors exhibit an increasing trend, and the average annual runoff was 2128.08–2247.73 × 108 m3, during 2015–2100 under the four scenarios. The area of farmland changed with an increased area of 4201 km2 from 1980 to 2020. The agricultural water and land resources would be well matched under the SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5 scenarios in 2021–2100. However, the risks of mismatch would occur in the 2030–2040 and 2050–2060 periods under the SSP3-7.0 scenario, and the 2030–2040 and 2080–2090 periods under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. This study can provide insight into the scientific decision support for government departments to address the challenges of mismatching risks of agricultural water and land resources.