bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MILK PRODUCTION AND THE FEEDING COSTS OF LACTATING SAANEN GOATS FED DIETS CONTAINING SPINELESS CACTUS
Authors: SOARES LUCIANA FELIZARDO PEREIRA , CORRÊA AGNI MARTINS NUNES , SOUZA ANDREIA FERNANDES DE , CARVALHO FRANCISCO FERNANDO RAMOS DE , MACIEL MICHEL DO VALE
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT A new spineless cactus genotype (Orelha de Elefante Mexicana) is being used in the diets of dairy animals raised in semiarid regions. However, little is known about its impact on goat milk production and feeding costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the milk production and costs of feeding lactating Saanen goats with diets containing the spineless cactus Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) as a replacement for the Miúda (MIU) spineless cactus. Ten Saanen goats with an average initial weight of 50 ± 5.6 kg were assigned to two 5 × 5 Latin-square designs. The diets consisted of replacing MIU with four levels of OEM (0%, 11.5%, 23.5%, and 35%, on a dry matter basis) and a control based on Tifton hay. The diet with 35% OEM had lower costs per kg dry matter ($0.32) as well as lower daily feed costs ($0.29/d). The dry matter intakes and milk yields (3.21 kg/d) did not differ (P > 0.05) between the OEM replacement levels. The use of up to 35% MIU or OEM spineless cactus in the Saanen goat diet maintains milk production levels and decreases feed production costs.
Antropologia da Educação: introdução
Authors: Bartlett Lesley , Triana Claudia
Published: June 2020

Resumo: O que é antropologia da educação e qual é sua contribuição para o estudo da educação? Estas perguntas orientam este número especial da revista Educação & Realidade. As antropologias de educação variam ao redor do mundo (Anderson-Levitt, 2012a). Aliás, conforme Elsie Rockwell (2002, p. 3) observa, “[…] as categorias analíticas usadas para elaborar textos etnográficos não são autônomas; estão enraizados nas sociedades em que são usadas primeiro e refletem os modos concretos de nelas construir a diferença”. No entanto, podemos identificar alguns compromissos fundamentais que evoluíram ao longo do tempo.
Culturas de Responsabilização em Educação Infantil no México
Authors: Anzures Tapia Aldo
Published: June 2020

Resumo: As políticas de responsabilização têm o objetivo de melhorar a qualidade educacional; porém, muitas vezes, interferem na qualidade da educação, inclusive na educação bilíngue. Com base em dezoito meses de trabalho etnográfico em uma pré-escola indígena multisseriada na península de Yucatán, no México, descrevo como Elisa, professora, diretora e zeladora, cumpria as exigentes tarefas administrativas enquanto implementava diferentes programas governamentais que impunham sobre ela uma significativa carga burocrática. Isto também a levava a deslocar sua atenção de uma cultura de responsabilização por ensino-aprendizagem para uma cultura de responsabilização burocrática. Este estudo mostra que a educação infantil em comunidades indígenas no México depende da perspicácia e da preparação de trabalhadores da linha de frente, como professores e supervisores escolares, pois cumprem com habilidade a cultura da responsabilização burocrática imposta pelas políticas governamentais enquanto tentam não sacrificar uma responsabilização frente ao seu próprio dever junto aos estudantes.
Contribuições Teórico-Metodológicas para a Pesquisa sobre Letramento na Escola
Authors: Macedo Maria do Socorro Alencar Nunes
Published: June 2020

Resumo: Este artigo tem por objetivo propor uma perspectiva teórico-metodológica para o estudo do letramento na escola que amplie a lente para além dos Novos Estudos do Letramento (NEL) com o pressuposto de que a complexa realidade da escola e da sala de aula não pode ser compreendida por uma abordagem única de pesquisa. O texto discute os aspectos ou as várias facetas que envolvem a perspectiva teórico-metodológica que tem sido construída ao longo dos últimos 15 anos pelo Grupo de Pesquisa em Alfabetização e Letramento (GPEALE). Tal abordagem inspira-se na etnografia derivada dos NEL, que adota uma perspectiva antropológica de pesquisa, articulando-a à concepção crítica da pedagogia e da alfabetização de Paulo Freire e à concepção de linguagem derivada dos estudos de Bakhtin. As análises indicam que o desenho metodológico adotado permitiu uma compreensão mais aprofundada e holística das práticas de letramento na escola ao utilizar-se de diferentes ferramentas de pesquisa para adensar a perspectiva etnográfica.
Bixaceae do Estado do Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Antar Guilherme Medeiros , Lozano Eduardo Damasceno , Sano Paulo Takeo
Published: June 2020

RESUMO (Bixaceae do Estado do Paraná, Brasil). Este trabalho apresenta o tratamento florístico de Bixaceae para o Estado do Paraná. A família está representada por duas espécies: Cochlospermum regium (Mart. ex Schrank) Pilg., nativa dos remanescentes de Cerrado; e Bixa orellana L., de origem incerta, mas subespontânea no Estado do Paraná. São apresentadas descrições, uma chave de identificação para as espécies, pranchas fotográficas e comentários taxonômicos.
Auras do Professar: desterritorialização da autoridade no sentido da communitas e do entusiasmo
Authors: Braga Pedro Luis , Zimmermann Ana Cristina
Published: June 2020

Resumo: O artigo caracteriza a autoridade docente como fruto da tradição patriarcal e cristã, na qual a performance do professor instaurava a disciplina e o silêncio. Mas, tal como a Aura da obra de arte entra em decadência pelo avanço técnico, o mesmo ocorreria com a aura do professor: a democratização/laicização da educação, ao desvincular o saber do divino, gera desterritorialização da autoridade docente. Em resposta, busca-se em obras de arte e na filosofia formas de reverter dialeticamente a Aura e o Sagrado no ensino, apontando para a construção de communitas de aprendizado, cujo professar seja experiência estética e coletiva, marcada pela presença de entusiasmo nos corpos.
Pandemia do COVID-19 e implementação de telefonoaudiologia para pacientes em domicílio: relato de experiência
Authors: Dimer Nathalia Avila , Canto-Soares Natália do , Santos-Teixeira Larissa dos , Goulart Bárbara Niegia Garcia de
Published: June 2020

RESUMO Apresentamos um relato de experiência de implementação de telefonoaudiologia em tempo real para pacientes que anteriormente eram atendidos em ambulatório em um serviço de atenção primária em saúde. No total, 25 usuários estavam sendo acompanhados pela equipe de fonoaudiologia quando da notificação dos primeiros casos de COVID-19 no sul do Brasil. Destes, julgou-se que 12 pacientes demandavam teleatendimento, pelo menos, quinzenalmente. A teleconsulta disponibilizada nesta primeira etapa, em caráter emergencial na implementação do projeto neste formato, a fim de garantir a manutenção dos atendimentos de pacientes que poderiam sofrer agravamento ou mesmo comorbidades associadas à suspensão da fonoterapia, foram realizadas por telefone, com vídeo, por estudantes de fonoaudiologia, extensionistas do projeto e supervisionadas por um fonoaudiólogo, de forma síncrona. Todas as conversas e orientações durante a teleconsulta são encaminhadas com a maior calma possível e, no caso de pacientes infantis, permeadas por algumas atividades lúdicas. A telessaúde tem se mostrado um recurso eficiente para atendimento de pacientes com demandas fonoaudiológicas, possibilitando o atendimento remoto com a mesma qualidade que o atendimento presencial. Além disso, tem potencial relevante, considerando que há um número significativo de pacientes que precisam de avaliação fonoaudiológica e residem em regiões nas quais há escassez de profissionais qualificados.
Ensayo clínico aleatorizado del Método JaPer para aumentar la capacidad inspiratoria: Método JaPer para aumentar la capacidad inspiratoria
Authors: Rodriguez Javier Eliecer Pereira , Gomez Juan Camilo Quintero , Geesel Peñaranda Florez Devi , Pedro Pereira Rodriguez , Ricardo Pereira Rodriguez , Maria Andrea Arrieta-Mercado , Laura Barreto-Castillo Leidy
Published: June 2020

Introducción: Las enfermedades pulmonares pueden generar hospitalizaciones, estancias prolongadas, complicaciones e inclusive la muerte.

Objetivo: Analizar los efectos del método JaPer sobre la capacidad inspiratoria de los pacientes hospitalizados.

Materiales y métodos: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado doble ciego inicialmente con 653 pacientes que pasó a 587 pacientes hospitalizados. Se determinó la capacidad inspiratoria máxima a través del incentivo respiratorio, caminata de los 6 minutos, antropometria y un cuestionario basico creado por lo autores. Se les aplicó un programa de entrenamiento de 2 semanas de 3 sesiones por dia.

Resultados: 587 pacientes (F: 300 vs M: 287) con edad promedio de 53.61±14.24 años y en donde el 9.88% de la población de estudio tenian infrapeso, 17.89% normopeso y el 27.26% y 44.97% sobrepeso y obesidad respectivamente. A todos los participantes se les realizó una caminata de los 6 minutos para determinar los metros recorridos (GE– 387.70±47.59 vs GC– 371.30±49.10), velocidad durante el test (GE– 64.62±7.93 vs GC– 61.88±8.18) y el vo2 estimado (GE– 9.96±0.79 vs GC– 9.69±0.82) de cada participante. Esta caminata de los 6 minutos al igual que la capacidad inspiratoria máxima (GE– 1708.54±707.84 vs GC– 1448.83±692.79) se determinó el primer y último dia de rehabilitación pulmonar de los participantes.

Conclusiones: El grupo experimental con el método JaPer obtuvó mejores resultados en todas las variables evaluadas con diferencia significativa (p= <0.05) frente al grupo control. Resaltando que, la capacidad inspiratoria máxima aumentó despues de 2 semanas de entrenamiento en el grupo experimental y grupo control un 44% y 28% (p= <0.05) respectivamente.
Calibration Protocol - Plate Reader Abs600 (OD) Calibration with Microsphere Particles v4
Authors: Beal Jacob , Haddock-Angelli Traci , Gershater Markus , Sanchania Vishal , Buckley-Taylor Russell , Baldwin Geoff , Farny Natalie , Tennant Richard , Rutten Paul
Published: June 2020

You will prepare a dilution series of monodisperse silica microspheres and measure the Abs600 in your plate reader. The size and optical characteristics of these microspheres are similar to cells, and there is a known amount of particles per volume. This measurement will allow you to construct a standard curve of particle concentration which can be used to convert 600 nm absorbance measurements into an estimated equivalent number of cells.
Density gradient ultracentrigugation for size separation v1
Authors: Chapman Kimberly , Pumbo Elena
Published: June 2020

Glycerol gradient separation of mitochondrial elements
Antibody validation by Western Blot SOP #012 v1
Authors: Chapman Kimberly , Pumbo Elena
Published: June 2020

Antibody Validation by Western Blot SOP for antibody validation by western blot for all antibodies to be used in the Chapman Laboratory
Polyphenol content, profile, and distribution in old, traditional apple varieties
Authors: Jakobek Lidija , Ištuk Jozo , Buljeta Ivana , Voća Sandra , Šic Žlabur Jasna , Lesičar Jasmin , Skendrović Babojelić Martina
Published: June 2020

Apples are an important source of polyphenols in the human diet. They have also shown many potentially beneficial effects on human health. Old, traditional apple varieties grown in the past could also be valuable varieties but little is known about their polyphenolic compounds and characteristics in general. The aim of this study was to collect 25 old, traditional apple varieties, to determine their polyphenolic profile and the amounts of total polyphenols in the peel and flesh, and to compare them with a commercial variety. To the best of
our knowledge, some of those varieties have never been studied before (‘Mašanka’, ‘Bobovac’, ‘Batulenka’, ‘Krastavka’). Total polyphenols were
determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and individual polyphenol identification was done by using an RP-HPLC. The flesh contained 170 to 941 mg kg-1 fresh weight (FW) of total polyphenols, and the peel contained 931 to 3791 mg kg-1
FW. In comparison to the commercial variety, the peel of all old varieties had higher polyphenol content, while the flesh of only some old varieties was richer in polyphenols. Principal component analysis showed possible clustering. Eighteen individual polyphenols were distributed in apple peel and flesh. The dominant polyphenol subgroups in the peel were flavonols (18 to 80 %) and flavan-3-ols (6 to 66 %), and in the flesh those subgroups were phenolic acids (41 to 85 %) and flavan-3-ols (3-49 %).
Staying at the Edge of Privacy: Edge Computing and Impersonal Extraction
Authors: Munn Luke
Published: June 2020

From self-driving cars to smart city sensors, billions of devices will be connected to networks in the next few years. These devices will collect vast amounts of data which needs to be processed in real-time, overwhelming centralized cloud architectures. To address this need, the industry seeks to process data closer to the source, driving a major shift from the cloud to the ‘edge.’ This article critically investigates the privacy implications of edge computing. It outlines the abilities introduced by the edge by drawing on two recently published scenarios, an automated license plate reader and an ethnic facial detection model. Based on these affordances, three key questions arise: what kind of data will be collected, how will this data be processed at the edge, and how will this data be ‘completed’ in the cloud? As a site of intermediation between user and cloud, the edge allows data to be extracted from individuals, acted on in real-time, and then abstracted or sterilized, removing identifying information before being stored in conventional data centers. The article thus argues that edge affordances establish a fundamental new ‘privacy condition’ while sidestepping the safeguards associated with the ‘privacy proper’ of personal data use. Responding effectively to these challenges will mean rethinking person-based approaches to privacy at both regulatory and citizen-led levels.
Polish Privacy Media Discourse: Privacy as Imposed Policies
Authors: Wojtkowski Łukasz , Brodzińska-Mirowska Barbara , Seklecka Aleksandra
Published: June 2020

In this article we look at the Polish media discourse on privacy. In the analysis, we draw on theoretical approaches that understand privacy as having four dimensions: Relational, participatory, contextual, and technological. Moreover, we seek whether a specific norm of data-related privacy could be defined/redefined within the discourse. Considering the post-communist past that shapes a specific approach to surveillance and the general polarisation of polish media discourse, one would expect the key role of privacy issues in the public sphere. Thus, applying a critical discourse studies analysis, the aim was to capture the character of the so far under-researched privacy in Polish media discourse. We study what types of institutional agents are mentioned as creating privacy policies and what dimensions of privacy they tackle. Moreover, we also try to capture whether the institutional position offers a specific normative understanding of privacy and whether this norm is citizen/user-oriented. The results of the study indicate that: both the media discourse and the normative content of privacy policies are dominated by legal aspects concerned with the issues resulting from EU regulations (i.e., General Data Protection Regulation); privacy policies are institutionally dispersed and monopolised by journalists and experts instead of state officials or politicians; and there is only limited evidence of a discursive frame of a citizen-oriented norm of how to protect data-related privacy.
How Online Privacy Literacy Supports Self-Data Protection and Self-Determination in the Age of Information
Authors: Masur Philipp K.
Published: June 2020

Current debates on online privacy are rooted in liberal theory. Accordingly, privacy is often regarded as a form of freedom from social, economic, and institutional influences. Such a negative perspective on privacy, however, focuses too much on how individuals can be protected or can protect themselves, instead of challenging the necessity of protection itself. In this article, I argue that increasing online privacy literacy not only empowers individuals to achieve (a necessarily limited) form of negative privacy, but has the potential to facilitate a privacy deliberation process in which individuals become agents of social change that could lead to conditions of positive privacy and informational self-determination. To this end, I propose a four-dimensional model of online privacy literacy that encompasses factual privacy knowledge, privacy-related reflection abilities, privacy and data protection skills, and critical privacy literacy. I then outline how this combination of knowledge, abilities, and skills 1) enables to individuals to protect themselves against some horizontal and vertical privacy intrusions and 2) motivates individuals to critically challenge the social structures and power relations that necessitate the need for protection in the first place. Understanding these processes, as well as critically engaging with the normative premises and implications of the predominant negative concepts of privacy, offers a more nuanced direction for future research on online privacy literacy and privacy in general.
Data Subjects vs. People’s Data: Competing Discourses of Privacy and Power in Modern Russia
Authors: Lokot Tetyana
Published: June 2020

The notion of individual privacy has always been a political one throughout Russia’s Soviet and post-Soviet periods, but in the age of all-encompassing datafication and digitisation of identities, privacy has become an even more contested concept. This article considers how Russian state officials and Russian digital rights advocates construct the notion of privacy in their public online discourses. I argue that how these actors talk about privacy helps shape the norms and the politics around it in Russia. An in-depth analysis of activity reports published online by the state internet regulator and a grassroots digital rights group reveals competing privacy discourses underpinned by differential understandings of how anonymity, secrecy, confidentiality, and control of personal data determine the distribution of power and agency in Russian public and political life. These differential interpretations of privacy inform the contentious politics that emerge around how privacy is regulated and negotiated within the greater regulatory and normative framework of digital citizenship in Russia. Thus, the article offers critical insights into the contestation of citizenship and, consequently, the distribution of power in more and less democratic systems.
O amor dos homens avulsos, de Victor Heringer: uma análise narratológica
Authors: Souza Jamescley Almeida de , Albuquerque Gabriel Arcanjo Santos de
Published: June 2020

Neste trabalho temos como objetivo realizar uma análise narratológica do mais famoso romance do escritor carioca, de ascendência germânica, Victor Heringer, falecido em 2018. Apesar dos diversos pontos de vista que poderiam ser trabalhados, a partir de uma análise do conteúdo de O amor dos homens avulso, optamos por levar adiante um olhar inteiramente intraestético, considerando o seu texto literário essencialmente como um sistema linguístico fechado. Na tarefa a que nos propomos passamos pelos três níveis de análise – ficção, narração e textualização, apresentando uma descrição do romance. Entretanto, como nenhum texto pode fazer sentido sem as suas remissões a outros textos ou referências às realidades do mundo, destacamos, resumidamente, a principal temática trabalhada em O amor dos homens avulsos, que é a descoberta da homoeroticidade entre dois adolescentes.
“WORDS OF THE YEAR” IN UKRAINIAN STANDARD LANGUAGE AS REPRESENTATIVES OF CHANGES IN THE LINGUAL WORLD MODEL OF UKRAINIANS
Authors: Bohomolets-Barash Oleksandr
Published: June 2020

The article attempts to identify changes that have occurred in the lingual world model of Ukrainians in recent years. The results of the “Word of the Year” contest in Ukraine served as the material for observation and analysis. Every year the online dictionary of neologisms and slang of the modern Ukrainian language “Myslovo” declares the “word of the year” – the most socially significant, popular and used word. Other nominees in the short list for the award are also important words to indicate current phenomena, events, concepts or persons. Usually, “modern” words fall into the nomination. Such lexemes are contemporary (reflect current events in the society), universal (formed by the new-fashioned trends), popular (are in the center of public thought and debate). Thus, in 2013 the “word of the year” became “Euromaidan”, in 2014 – “cyborgs”, in 2015 – “blockade”. In 2016, “corruption” became much more relevant, in 2017 the most popular was “bezviz” (visa-free regime), and in 2018 originally Greek word “tomos” became widely used. Therefore, the chosen “words of the year” (and nominees for this award) act as lexical representatives of those phenomena and events that are of the most concern for the society, and consequently have impact on the lingual world model of Ukrainians. The results of the Ukrainian competition were compared with the results of the similar contests in other countries, in particular, Belarus and Russia. Using comparative analysis, the common features of the Ukrainian and Belarussian lingual world models of XXI century were revealed as well as the opposite views of Ukrainians and Russians on important socio-political phenomena. For example, Belarusians use the loanword from Ukrainian “vyshyvanka” (‘colloquial name for the embroidered shirt in Ukrainian and Belarusian national costumes’) from which the derived word – neologism “vyshymaika” (‘colloquial name for the t-shirt that combines tradional embroidery with the modern design’) was formed. The imperial ambitions of Russians were verbalized in the politically motivated neologism-hashtag “#krymnash”(Crimea is ours), which became the “Word of the Year 2014” in Russia. Therefore, it can be claimed that the XXI century Ukrainian standart language is being enriched with new lexemes that are gradually being used by Ukrainians, becoming part of their lingual world model. These words may be partially (see “Euromaidan”, “bezviz”) or completely (see “tomos”) adopted from the other donor languages, but, as practice shows, they are being organically incorporated into the Ukrainian usus.
EXPERIENCE OF LEGAL REGULATION OF BIOBANK ACTIVITIES IN FOREIGN PRACTICE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN LEGISLATION
Authors: Kosilkin S. V.
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes the experience of developing legislation on the activities of biobanks in foreign countries and Russia, highlights the main approaches to regulation, key legal principles and institutions, puts forward suggestions for improving Russian legislation in this area based on foreign experience.
THE RESPONSIBILITY OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS IN GENETICS EDUCATION: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE
Authors: Voronin M. V.
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the issue of genetics education considered as a narrowly focused education. The goals of the article are: (a) to build an understanding of the necessity of education in the fi eld of genetics; and (b) to examine laws and regulations related to genetics research in diff erent legal systems from the perspective of comparative law. The article presents the analysis of genetics education models based on the cases of the USA, France and Russia. It is also focused on requirements for and essential components of genetics education; modern examples of genetics education and genetics legislation. The article explains the necessity for the development of a web-portal titled ‘Genetics and Law’. The discussion of the necessity for genetics education is based on the concept of liability law.
LEGAL APPROACHES TO THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOTS REGULATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND ITS MEMBER STATES
Authors: Zaplatina T. S.
Published: June 2020

This article is devouted to the analises of legal approaches to the regulation of artifi cial intelligence in the European Union and its member states. The European Union, Austria, France and Germany legal regulation analysis shows that at that moment there is no single approach regarding the legal regulation of artifi cial intelligence and robots. So, current legal rules are not fully applicable in the scope of contractual liability, that creates need for the adoption of new eff ective standards meeting modern technological achievements and innovations. There is important role of ethical and legal issues associating with risks in the fi eld of human rights and fundamental freedoms, issues developing ethical principles in artifi cial intelligence algorithms. The single legal European approach will help to avoid fragmentation of the EU Member States legislation and will expand the possibilities of mutual recognition in the cross-border use of robots and robotic systems.
CRYPTOCURRENCY MINING IN RUSSIA AND AROUND THE WORLD: CONCEPT AND LEGAL REGULATION
Authors: Yegorova M. A. , Belitskaya A. V.
Published: June 2020

The article identifi es the defi nition and legal nature of cryptocurrency mining, raises the question of whether mining is a business activity and in which cases it becomes the object of legal regulation. The concept of mining is compared with similar phenomena — banking, securities issuance, money issuance by Central banks, on the basis of which a conclusion is made about the features of this business line.
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL OVER THE ACTIVITIES OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN THE COUTRIES-MEMBERS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Cherkasov A. I.
Published: June 2020

The article deals with problems of administrative (state) control over the activities of local authorities in the countries — members of the European Union. The author stresses the importance of such control for securing the proper functioning of public bodies, including those at the local level. The signifi cance of administrative control is also determined by the commitment to the principle of equality and the maintenance of certain minimum standards of services rendered to the population irrespective of the place of living. Administrative control in the final result acts as a kind of a counterweight to those fairly broad rights that have been given to local communities in democratic countries. The state control over local government acquires additional importance also in the light of the increasing integration in the countries — members of the European Union, where sub-national authorities have to implement European legislation. The author reveals the mechanisms of such control and stresses the importance of observance of common democratic principles while performing it. Otherwise the implementation of state control prerogatives may be turned into the instrument of excessive centralization of power, the means of suppression of local initiative and municipal bodies’ autonomy.
Que signifie que les droits de l'homme découlent de la dignité humaine? Utilisation des relations de la métaphysique analytique contemporaine
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Szymon
Published: June 2020

J'analyse la stipulation que les droits de l'homme découlent de la dignité humaine. Je propose l'utilisation des outils de la métaphysique analytique contemporaine, concreÌ€tement les relations entre des objets : la réduction, la survenance et la fondation métaphysique. Je prétends que les droits de l'homme sont fondés sur la dignité humaine. J'analyse également quel est le fondement de la dignité humaine et propose la notion naturaliste de ce probleÌ€me: le fondement de la dignité humaine est constitué par la nature humaine découverte par la psychologie évolutionniste. La nature humaine comprise évolutivement peut être regardée comme bonne et, en raison de cela, peut être le fondement de la dignité humaine. Je stipule que la relation entre la dignité humaine et la nature humaine est la fondation métaphysique.
O conceito neoconstitucionalista-pragmatista do Direito
Authors: Rapozo Joana
Published: June 2020

Este artigo pretende examinar duas acepções existentes acerca do conceito de Direito, sob a ótica da teoria pragmatista: a da doutrina tradicional, essencialista, bem como a da tese convencionalista. Explica-se que o pragmatismo aplicado no Direito possui diferentes sentidos, dentre eles o de uma teoria sobre o conceito do Direito. Defende-se que o chamado pragmatismo jurídico conceitual corresponde à busca de um conceito do Direito que nega a existência de uma verdade metafísica e que se desenvolve como uma doutrina relacionada com as convenções. Após analisar as características do pragmatismo conceitual, sustenta-se que o neoconstitucionalismo, especialmente aquele de alcance particular, assume delineamentos nitidamente pragmatistas, na medida em que procura resolver questões relacionadas com a argumentação e com o funcionamento dos sistemas jurídicos, em vez de procurar resolver indagações metafísicas. Conclui-se que o neoconstitucionalismo, ao tornar a teoria da argumentação jurídica o marco fundamental da teoria do Direito, representa uma forma de rechaçar o essencialismo jurídico.
A abordagem da violência física pela lei brasileira a partir dos conceitos de tortura e tratamentos desumano e degradante
Authors: Bolfarini Isabella Christina da Mota
Published: June 2020

Este artigo visa contribuir com o entendimento das diferentes dimensões que o conceito de violência física pode ter no direito brasileiro. Na ordem jurídica interna, essas dimensões estão diretamente relacionadas com os conceitos de tortura e tratamento desumano e degradante, mas ao mesmo tempo estão fortemente ligados com o contexto socioeconômico do país, uma vez que se referem às condições das vítimas e dos agressores no contexto dos crimes violentos. Para podermos alcançar o objetivo dessa pesquisa, propomos uma análise dos diferentes critérios utilizados pelas leis nacionais (mais relevantes sobre o tema) para mensurar a violência física. Por um lado, sugerimos uma abordagem de observação qualitativa relacionada com os sujeitos (autores e vítimas) e com os meios utilizados para tipificação da violência física, e por outro, indicamos uma análise quantitativa (que tampouco deixa de ser qualitativa), quando observa como essa legislação aborda a intensidade do sofrimento.
O SUPREMO DE "PORTAS ABERTAS": A COLEGIALIDADE EM AÇÃO
Authors: Santos Carlos Victor Nascimento dos
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo representa uma apertada síntese de pesquisa realizada durante curso de doutoramento a respeito do exercício da colegialidade no Supremo Tribunal Federal. Utilizando as referências bibliográficas como um dado concreto de pesquisa, a primeira parte demonstra o tratamento dado pela literatura a respeito do tema. Posteriormente, foram utilizadas entrevistas concedidas pelos ministros do Supremo para destacar o modo como vêem a colegialidade ou como gostariam que ela fosse vista e registrada. Por fim, realizou-se um trabalho etnográfico nas sessões de julgamento do Supremo Tribunal Federal por um período de dois anos a fim de desconstruir a categoria investigada e destacar a colegialidade em ação. Em resumo, a pesquisa se utiliza de múltiplos métodos para destacar o "direito nos livros", "o direito no discurso" e "o direito em ação". O que permitiu, dentre outras questões, identificar a existência de uma rotina na elite judiciária investigada, capaz de reger suas próprias relações; além de destacar a produção social do Direito no cotidiano das relações, instruídas por elementos como o constrangimento (GOFFMAN, 1967) e o processo de legitimação do exercício de suas profissões.
Localizing Ground-Motion Models in Volcanic Terranes: Shallow Events at Mt. Etna, Italy, Revisited
Authors: Tusa Giuseppina , Langer Horst , Azzaro Raffaele
Published: June 2020

We present a set of revised ground-motion models (GMMs) for shallow events at Mt. Etna Volcano. The recent occurrence of damaging events, in particular two of the strongest earthquakes ever instrumentally recorded in the area, has required revising previous GMMs, as these failed to match the observations made for events with local magnitude ML>4.3, above all for sites situated close to the epicenter. The dataset now includes 49 seismic events, with a total of 1600 time histories recorded at distances of up to 100 km, and ML ranging from 3.0 to 4.8. The model gives estimates of peak ground acceleration (both horizontal and vertical), peak ground velocity (both horizontal and vertical), and 5% damped horizontal pseudoacceleration response spectral ordinates up to a period of 4 s. GMMs were developed using the functional form proposed by Boore and Atkinson (2008). Furthermore, with a slightly modified approach, we also considered a regression model using a pseudodepth (h) depending on magnitude according to the scaling law by Azzaro et al. (2017). Both models were applied to hypocentral distance ranges of up to 60 km and up to 100 km, respectively. From the statistical analysis, we found that reducing the maximum distance from the event up to 60 km and introducing a magnitude-dependent pseudodepth improved the model in terms of total error. We compared our results with those derived using the GMMs for shallow events at Mt. Etna found by Tusa and Langer (2016) and for volcanic areas by Lanzano and Luzi (2019). The main differences are observed at short epicentral distances and for higher magnitude events. The use of variable pseudodepth avoids sharp peaks of predicted ground-motion parameters around the epicenter, preventing instabilities when using a GMM in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis.
Weighted Template-Matching Algorithm (WTMA) for Improved Foreshock Detection of the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Lee En-Jui , Mu Dawei , Wang Wei , Chen Po
Published: June 2020

The template-matching algorithm (TMA) has become an important tool for detecting small and/or unconventional earthquakes, and newly detected seismic events have improved our understanding of earthquake physics, regional tectonics, and geological hazards. Standard TMA-based detection methods do not take into account the fact that the template waveforms themselves are contaminated with noise. In this study, we propose a weighted template-matching algorithm (WTMA), in which the normalized cross-correlation time series are weighted according to the signal-to-noise ratios of the corresponding template waveforms before they are being stacked for event picking. We present results from an extensive collection of numerical experiments to demonstrate that WTMA is capable of improving the detection rate of small to tiny (e.g., ML<0.0) earthquakes while reducing the computational cost associated with the standard TMA-based detection methods. The application of our WTMA to the continuous waveform recordings before the Mw 6.4 earthquake in the 2019 Ridgecrest sequence allowed us to discover ∼200 foreshocks, a larger number than the ∼150 foreshocks detected using the standard TMA, and significantly larger than the 17 foreshocks documented in the Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN) catalog. Relocated hypocenters of the foreshocks suggest a complex faulting pattern that is consistent with the hierarchical interlocked orthogonal faulting that characterized the main Ridgecrest sequence. Magnitudes of the foreshocks obtained through careful waveform amplitude calibration provided a more robust estimate of the magnitude–frequency distribution, which reduced the minimum magnitude threshold and increased the b-value, as compared with those obtained from the SCSN catalog.
Hydatid disease in children: a single centre study with analysis of treatment protocol
Authors: Mishra Atul , Patel Kalpesh
Published: June 2020

Background: Hydatid disease or hydatidosis is a zoonosis which is still an important health hazard in the world. This disease is a parasitic infestation which is endemic in many sheep and cattle raising areas of the world including India. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of hydatid cyst in pediatric population.Methods: This prospective study evaluated 32 pediatric patients with hydatid cyst who were treated at Geetanjali Hospital, Udaipur from 2016-2018. Medical records of these patients were studied and analyzed.Results: 32 cases were in the age group of 7 to 14 years and were from rural background/ farming community and of low socioeconomic status. Male children, lungs were predominantly involved. Cattle rearing were common to the households of all patients. Ultrasonography and computed tomography scan were done in all patients and was the main diagnostic modality. All cases were managed surgically along with albendazole therapy and had complete recovery with no recurrence till date in any of our patients.Conclusions: Hydatid disease is not rare in the pediatric age group. The liver and lung are commonly involved, but it may also present as primary disease in unusual sites like the spleen and brain. Careful surgery to avoid spillage with full course of drug therapy with albendazole can ensure permanent cure. A 28 day post-operative course was sufficient in majority of the cases. The disease can be prevented by proper community based measures like availability of clean water, sanitation and drug prophylaxis.
An account of congenital rare bleeding disorders: a systematic study from a tertiary care centre in Eastern India
Authors: Sen Ankita , Mandal Prakas K. , Mitra Sumit , Baul Shuvra Neel , Chakrabarti Prantar , Dutta Shyamali , Dolai Tuphan K.
Published: June 2020

Background: Rarity of rare bleeding disorders (RBDs) is attributed to very low incidence based on ethnicity, distribution and complexity of diagnostic tools. There is scarcity of data on RBDs from Eastern India. This study aims to understand the distribution of RBDs in this region for better patient care.Methods: Retrospective study conducted on patients presented with symptoms/signs of bleeding from January 2018 to December 2019 (two years). Patients having bleeding manifestations from causes other than inherited coagulation disorders, IPDs, and vWD were included. Complete haemogram, peripheral blood smear, coagulation tests, vWD assay and platelet function tests were carried out.Results: Out of 2415 patients, 1570 were included after exclusion of other diseases. Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) and Hemophilia being excluded, 40/1570 (2.5%) patients were found to have RBDs. Median age was 11.6 years (range, 1.25-40 years). Most common was IPDs (2.9%, n=19); Glanzmann thrombasthenia was commonest (1.5%, n=10).  vWD was second (1.7%, n=11) in occurrence; vWD type-III was the commonest subtype (0.9%, n=6). ICDs comprised 1.5% (n=10) of all patients; congenital afibrinogenemia (0.6%, n=4) was most common. Other ICDs prevalent in this cohort included FVII, FV, FX and FXIII deficiencies. Most common presentations were ecchymoses or prolonged bleeding from cut injuries or menorrhagia.Conclusions: RBDs may present in varied ways and are often difficult to diagnose correctly. Distribution of RBDs in this patient cohort differs from published literature from Western studies.
Comparative study of 3 tests of cognitive impairment MMSE, AD-8, GPCOG in 200 geriatric cases suspected to have cognitive impairment out of 3750 screened
Authors: Patil Mahesh S. , Sonavani Borkar Mangala V. , Rao Shailaja V. , Nandedkar Kiran U. , Wakure Anand R.
Published: June 2020

Background: Dementia is a progressive decline in cognition, function, behavior and activities of daily living. Many assessment scales are used in screening for cognitive impairment, making diagnosis of dementia and for follow-up. Assessment scales in the domains of cognition, function, behavior, quality of life, depression in dementia, care giver burden and dementia severity are used. There are many tools used to assess cognitive function.Methods: Authors performed the 3 object recall, 3 name recall tests, and included care-giver’s opinion about the patient’s cognitive state as the primary screening test for cognitive impairment. After this, we tested it the patient (in whom any of the above three were impaired) with the MMSE, AD8 and GPCOG instruments.Results: The result were compared of each of the preliminary screening test to each of these three standard tools by applying statistical test (chi square).Conclusions: The screening tests and care giver's opinion about patient's condition (that take 2-3 minutes) have been shown to correlate with MMSE (8 minutes), AD8 (6 minutes), GPCOG (6-9 minutes). This saves the doctor’s, patient’s and caregiver’s time. The screening can be done by trained health worker, thus sparing the geriatrician to do more advanced patient related work.
Fatality in COVID 19: an overview of causes of death and organ involvement
Authors: Garima Shivangi , Singh Nihaal
Published: June 2020

COVID-19 is a viral infectious disease caused by the SARS CoV-2 virus, which is a respiratory pathogen. It originated in the city of Wuhan in China from where it spread throughout the world. This virus causes severe respiratory distress in a certain number of patients with specific risk factors. In our article, authors plot the route from the onset of the disease to its progress to death in patients, and determine the most likely causes that lead to such a poor prognosis. Authors also evaluate the severity and extent of organ damage that is involved and associated with fatality in cases with COVID-19. Authors also aim for clinicians to better understand and perceive the circumstances under which a patient may progress from severe infection towards death, and manage such cases in a more efficient manner.
Determinants of low birth weight babies born in a secondary and tertiary level government hospital in Delhi: a matched case control study
Authors: Jayaraj Naveen Prabhu , Rathi Akanksha , Taneja D. K.
Published: June 2020

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is caused by either a short gestation period (prematurity) or due to intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) or a combination of both. LBW babies are more prone for perinatal and neonatal health problems such as immaturity, asphyxia, hypothermia and infections and also at high risk of developing diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease and stroke later in life. Though there are many studies none has comprehensively dealt with all the risk factors. Therefore, the present study was carried out with the objective to study the determinants of LBW babies born in a secondary and tertiary level government hospital.Methods: This hospital based case control study was conducted in two hospitals in Delhi from January 2014 to December 2014. A semi-structured questionnaire was designed using knowledge obtained on various determinants and factors associated with low birth weight from the studies was administered.Results: Illiterate mother, illiterate father, nuclear family, low socioeconomic class, heavy work, mother’s height <145 cm , mother’s weight <45 kg, anemia, not consuming green leafy vegetables during pregnancy, unregistered pregnancy, less than 4 antenatal visits, non-intake of IFA, female baby, gravida 4 or more, preterm birth, birth interval <2 years, tobacco chewing, exposure to second hand tobacco smoke, indoor air pollution and mental stress during pregnancy were associated with LBW.Conclusions: Immediate interventions for the present and near future include adequate antenatal care, adequate dietary intake and rest during pregnancy, regular intake of iron and folic acid, preventing tobacco use and adequate birth spacing.
The profile of erythrocyte enlargement due to imported cases of Plasmodium vivax infection: its impact to the patient and the community
Authors: Siagian Forman E. , Isham Derilandry , . Ronny , Alfarabi Muhammad , Nainggolan Sudung , Daroedono Ekarini , Novelyn Silphia , Panjaitan Ani Oranda , Susiantoro Urip , Siregar Melsipa , Naibaho Fitri Boru
Published: June 2020

Background: Imported cases of malarial vivax also induce erythrocyte enlargement. The size of enlargement depend on the size of the parasite inside the cells. The aim of the study was to examine 20 slides of positive malaria vivax and seek for erythrocyte infected malaria and measure the size of enlarged cells and its shape. As a comparison, a number of normal erythrocyte also evaluated for its size and shape.Methods: This simple cross sectional design of microscope based study was conducted in Parasitology lab, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta-Indonesia, from January to June of 2019. All data collected and further processed using SPSS™.Results: A total number of 982 erythrocyte infected with P. vivax were examined individually.  Those number consist of 243 immature trophozoite, 231 mature trophozoite, 251 micro-gametocyte, and 257 macrogametocyte. As a comparison also being examined 70 normal erythrocyte. Each erythrocyte infected with malaria vivax parasite enlarge to some extent, had irregular shape and the size varied based on the stage of the parasite inside the cells.Discussion: This enlarged erythrocyte is prone to cell sequestration and lysis, a condition that leads to anemia. Anemia affect not just the host but also the community. Proper management of malaria will reduce the burden to the community.Conclusions: Enlarged infected erythrocyte due to malaria vivax can cause anemia with effect to the host and also to the community.
Congenital malformations in ruminants and its surgical management: a retrospective study of Sokoto veterinary clinic, Nigeria
Authors: Bodinga H. A. , Nura Abubakar , Bande Faruku , Abubakar Adamu A. , Yakubu Abubakar S. , Salisu Buhari , Abdullahi Nafiu , Atabo Shaibu Mohammed
Published: June 2020

Background: Congenital defects, abnormalities of structures or functions present at birth, maybe as a result of genetic or environmental factors or both and in most cases; the exact etiology is not clear but can occur in all animals. These abnormalities are responsible for slowing down of genetic progress and economic loss for the breeders, due to the death of animals.

Methods: Available record of cases presented to Aliyu Jedo Veterinary Clinic, Sokoto from December 2015 to 2019 was used to investigate congenital malformation in ruminants based on species and sex. Surgery was carried out in all the cases with local anaesthesia (infiltration technique) using lignocaine. Surgical procedures carried out were rectopexy (atresia ani), gingivectomy (gingival fibromatosis), superficial keratectomy and temporary tarssorhaphy (dermoid cyst), casting and physiotherapy (contracted tendons).    

Results: A total of 47 congenital malformations; atresia ani 22 (46.8%), gingival fibromatosis 18 (38.3%), dermoid cyst 6 (12.8%), and contracted tendon 1 (2.1%) were reviewed in the study. The ovine species had the highest incidence of cases load recorded 23 (48.93%) followed by bovine 17 (36.17%) and then caprine species 7 (14.89%).  The incidence of all malformations was higher in males (68.1%) than in females (31.9%). All cases were attempted surgically with success in all the procedures.

Conclusions: It can be concluded that male ruminants have the highest prevalence of congenital malformation. Congenital malformations are more frequently seen in ovine and least seen in caprine. Atresia ani appeared to be the most commonly reported cases.
Role of information and communication technologies in educational systems: a systematic review
Authors: Gizaw Muluneh E. , Tessema Getachew W.
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) integration in the teaching and learning practices of educational systems. The study is carried out by reviewing various literatures and studies on the ideas of ICT and its usage in teaching and learning practices. The study reveals that ICT is vital to transform the teaching and learning process and has a great importance for both teachers and students. It also looks at the definitions of ICT as given by different scholars. Lack of well-equipped ICT tools, beliefs and commitments of teachers as well as students on Technology-based Teaching and Learning practices are the main challenges of ICT implementation in education successfully.