bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Literature Analysis About the Impact of the CDO on Company Success
Authors: Hofbauer Gunter , Maier Daniel
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this article is to identify a potential influence of a Chief Digital Officer (CDO) on company’s success. To do so, the CDO position is analyzed and put in context with existing research regarding upper echelons and consequences of digital activities. The research approach is theoretical and analytical and provides an intensive literature analysis concerning the connecting topics. Firstly, general facts and characteristics of CDOs will be presented. Secondly, the monetary influence of digital activities in former studies will be examined. Thirdly, upper echelon theory and attention-based view theory will be discussed with regard to organizational issues. In a final step, the topics mentioned are put into context with each other. The aim is to prove that the employment of a CDO might be able to influence the financial outcome of a company. As an intermediate finding it can be stated that the CDO Position has an impact on company’s success. But further research is needed to clearly prove the extent of influence. Keywords: Chief Digital Officer (CDO), Upper Echelon, Digital Transformation, Artificial Intelligence (AI) JEL Codes: O10, O11, O14
On the Issue of Regulation of the Securities Market
Authors: Gogokhia Maya
Published: February 2023

Financial market is institutionally represented by the financial system. The segments of the decentralized financial system correspond to the sectors of the financial market. Financial relations are formed outside the financial market - in the form of a public financial system. The structure of the decentralized financial system is the relationship between the banking sector and liquid securities markets. The financial structure as a source of ways and mechanisms of economic development is the subject of discussions. In recent years, there has been an increase in the convergence of sectors of the financial system. The financial structure continues to transform. The principles of regulation are the main basic on which the practical actions of the state to regulate the securities market should be based. In contrast to state regulation of the market as a whole, that is, regulation of macroeconomic processes, regulation of the securities market is predominantly administrative in nature. The article expresses an opinion on the expediency of restoring the fundamental entry in the Law of Georgia “On the Securities Market”, according to which trading in government securities is allowed only on the stock exchange; The need to protect the interests of minority investors, greater transparency of information about issuers, regulated participants, large investors is also emphasized. The market regulation system is formed under the influence of problems that accumulate and require solutions. The regulation of the securities market by the state is explained by the role played by this market and the desire to increase the reliability of the market and the level of confidence on the part of all its participants. Regulation of the stock market by the state will be supplemented by regulation by self-regulatory participants. Public regulation (regulation through public opinion) is also very important. The reaction of the population to any action on the securities market is the primary reason for initiating this or that regulatory action on the part of the state or market professionals. The development of the securities market in Georgia will be facilitated by a deeper discussion of the mentioned market problems and ways to overcome them. The article highlights the modern trend of creating stock groups in the securities market; The impact of the Covid pandemic on the stock markets is shown; The different situation in the world is analyzed in terms of creating a system of financial market regulation. Currently, the banking system is the dominant sector of the financial market in Georgia, which has been determined by the policy of the National Bank of Georgia for a long period of time. It is no so important which body should play the role of a regulator - the NSC or the National Bank - the determining factors are the will of the (financial) authorities, the methodology of supervision and the qualifications of the staff. Keywords: securities market, principles of regulation, Regulatory system, IOSCO. JEL Codes: L26, L32, M14
THE EVOLUTION OF MYCORISIAN FUNG AS SYMBIOTIC PARTNERS
Authors:   PhD. student University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine in Bucharest, DRAGOTA Marina , JURCOANE Stefana ,   Prof. PhD. University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine in Bucharest
Published: February 2023

The article analyzes the evolution of mycorrhizal fungi, which served as symbiotic partners in association with plants, more precisely with their root system. The advantage brought by the existence of mycorrhizal symbioses for plant nutrition, highlighted the influence this association has on plant growth and development. The existence of mycorrhizal fungi was demonstrated approximately 400 million years ago, the first discoveries being the fossils of Aglaophyton major plants that showed traces of arbuscules, these being considered edifying transfer structures for the vesicular-arbuscular endomycorrhizal type. Mycorrhizae are present in mature ecosystems, ecosystems that present a cyclical and unitary evolution of the components between the biotic and abiotic unit, at which point the mycorrhizal associations have the role of regulating the assimilation of food resources for the plants with which they are associated. In this association, hyphae play an important role in the nutrient cycle, having the function of stopping losses from the ecosystem
New insights into holonomic brain theory: implications for active consciousness
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya Üniversite, 54050 Serdivan/Sakarya, Turkey, Aemdar E.
Published: February 2023

This pioneering research on how specific molecules deep inside our brains form a dynamic information holarchy in phase space, linking mind and consciousness, is not only provocative but also revolutionary. Holonomic is a dynamic encapsulation of the holonic view that originates from the word “holon” and designates a holarchical rather than a hierarchical, dynamic brain organization to encompass multiscale effects. The unitary nature of consciousness being interconnected stems from a multiscalar organization of the brain. We aim to give a holonomic modification of the thermodynamic approach to the problem of consciousness using spatiotemporal intermittency. Starting with quasiparticles as the minimalist material composition of the dynamical brain where interferences patterns between incoherent waves of quasiparticles and their quantum-thermal fluctuations constrain the kinetic internal energy of endogenous molecules through informational channels of the negentropically-derived quantum potential. This indicates that brains are not multifractal involving avalanches but are multiscalar, suggesting that unlike the hologram, where the functional interactions occur in the spectral domain, the spatiotemporal binding is multiscalar because of self-referential amplification occurring via long-range correlative information. The associated negentropic entanglement permeates the unification of the functional information architecture across multiple scales. As such, the holonomic brain theory is suitable for active consciousness, proving that consciousness is not fundamental. The holonomic model of the brain’s internal space is nonmetric and nonfractal. It contains a multiscalar informational structure decoded by intermittency spikes in the fluctuations of the negentropically-derived quantum potential. It is therefore, a more realistic approach than the platonic models in phase space.
Antibacterial activity of Annona muricata leaves’ extracts
Authors: Olufunke Christy AKANJI
Published: February 2023

The phenomenon of multidrug-resistant pathogens has increasingly become a cause for serious concern with regard to both nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Plants have been useful to man not only for food, shelter, and clothing but also for their use for ornamentation and health care. Annona muricata belongs to the family of Annonaceae and commonly known as Soursop. It is used in traditional medicine in many countries to cure various ailments and diseases. This study investigated in vitro antibacterial activity of Annona muricata Linn. leaves extracts against Escherichia coli, Staphyococcus aureus, Acenobacter baumanni, Moraxella catarrhalis and Enteroccocus faecium. Antibacterial assay was performed by Agar well diffusion method in Mueller Hinton Agar plates. N-hexane, methanol and water were used as solvents for extraction while Chloramphenicol (30 µg) served as control. The result of the present study revealed that n-hexane A. muricata extract exhibited highest inhibitory action against Enterococcus faecium (20.67 mm) and Acinetobacter baumarii (21.34 mm) when compared with all the treatments including chloramphenicol (16.65 mm; 15.35 mm respectively) . The result also showed that methanol, aqueous and n-hexane extracts had highest zone of inhibitions against Escherichia coli (25.76 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (18.65 mm) and Moraxella catarrhalis (18.65 mm) respectively. It was discovered in this study that Annona muricata leaves’ extracts possessed activity against the tested bacteria responsible for the most common bacterial diseases with n-hexane extract showing significant inhibitory action against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The activity of Annona muricata leaves depended greatly on the solvent of extraction. The result recommends Annona muricata leaves as potential new effective drug for bacterial infections including multi-drug resistant bacteria and further studies should be carried out to determine its mechanism of actions.
Improvement of Photoluminescence Quantum Efficiency of Perovskite
Nanocrystals Via Synthesis Using Silicone Oil
Authors: Lee Su-Seung , Kim Jae Il , Lee Tae-Woo
Published: February 2023

The size and photoluminescence quantum efficiency of FAPbBr3
perovskite nanocrystals could be adjusted by adjusting the viscosity of the
solvent and the reaction temperature. If toluene and silicone oil were mixed at
a weight ratio of 1:1, FAPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals can be
synthesized at an elevated temperature of 50°C according to the
ligand-assisted re-precipitation method. As a result, perovskite nanocrystals
with optimal peak wavelength of 535 nm, full width at half maximum of 24.8 nm,
and photoluminescence quantum efficiency of 87.5% were achieved. TEM analysis
confirmed that the particle was an average size of 10 nm. This synthetic method
provides a more convenient route to synthesize perovskite nanoparticles while
avoiding aggregation of particles.
Vertical Organic Transistor with Electrochemically Oxidized
Permeable Base Electrode
Authors: Lee In-Hye , Kim Yun-Do , Lim Kyung-Geun
Published: February 2023

Vertical organic thin film transistors (VOTFTs) are emerging electronic devices
that can overcome the limitations of conventional organic thin film transistors
(OTFTs) based on lateral architecture. Here, organic permeable base transistors
(OPBTs) are formed with an oxide layer on the base electrode through an
electrochemical process called anodization, and this oxide layer acts as a
dielectric layer. Through this electrochemical method, the manufacturing process
is simplified and the charge carrier transport of the VOTFT is improved. In this
study, the thickness of AlOx formed by anodizing the Al electrode was
calculated through the capacitance-voltage measurement of the
metal-insulator-metal device, and OPBT operations were observed according to the
anodizing potential and interfacial layer, respectively. In addition, we
observed the specific behaviors of vertical OPBT depending on the applied
potential correlations between middle base electrode and bottom collector
electrode.
TERAPIA NUTRICIONAL ENTERAL EM PACIENTES PALIATIVOS: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Silva Gabriele Raniero da , Falcao Maria Eduarda Sanabria , Gomes Gabrielly Caroliny de Souza , Silva Kímberlyn Reis da , Santos Elaine Cristina Negri , Vieira Ana Paula Brambilo Menegasso , Genaro Sandra Cristina , Fagiani Marcela
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to highlight and discuss whether there is any more appropriate conduct for enteral nutritional therapy in patients in palliative care. To answer the research question, descriptors related to the PICO strategy items were selected, being used with the Health Sciences Descriptors. The research was based on eight articles, all published between 2017 and 2021, found in the following databases: PubMed, LILACS and Scielo. Most studies have proved that there is great uncertainty about how to act in the feeding of the patient in palliative care and how far to go with this patient. Therefore, the nutritionist is indispensable at this time, defining the best nutritional conduct together with the multidisciplinary team. Therefore, ENT must be individualized, aiming at comfort and quality of life in the first place.
How does the extent of student-active learning in engineering programmes influence students’ perceived learning outcomes?
Authors: Øien Geir Egil Dahle , Pettersen Ivar , Bodsberg Nils Rune
Published: February 2023

Through the project “Technology Education of the Future” (FTS), NTNU has developed a framework for re-design of its study programmes in technology and engineering. One of the main findings is the need for a broader, more multidimensional view of graduate competence, showcasing the need to fully integrate training of several important non-technical professional skills in future programmes. To enable such integration, student-active pedagogical methods in combination with integrated learning principles are often seen as key tools. This paper quantitatively investigates to what extent study programmes’ facilitation of active student participation actually makes a difference to perceived learning outcomes across a variety of competence areas. The research question under consideration is “How does the extent of student-active learning in engineering programmes influence students’ perceived learning outcomes?” Using statistical analysis of data from a national student survey, correlation was investigated between students’ perception of how well active student participation is facilitated by the teaching in their study programmes, and their self-evaluated learning outcomes in 10 different competence areas. Regression analysis was done based directly on individual student responses and on responses averaged over study programmes. The results show statistically significant positive correlation for most competence areas. Students’ perception of how well their programmes facilitate active student participation is found in good agreement with actual known programme characteristics. The results thus provide quantitative indication that improving facilitation of student-active learning in engineering programmes indeed improves learning outcomes for a broad set of future-relevant competence areas.
The Victoria Mxenge Housing Project: Women building communities through social activism and informal learning
Authors:   University of Cape Town, Ismail Salma
Published: February 2023

At the beginning of South Africa’s democratic change in 1994, the Victoria Mxenge Housing Project was founded by a group of 12 women who lived in shacks on the barren outskirts of Cape Town. These women had come from rural areas and were poor, vulnerable and semi-literate. Yet they learned how to build, negotiate with the government and NGOs, architects and building experts, and form alliances with homeless social movements locally and internationally. The desolate piece of land they occupied is now a thriving, sustainable community of more than 5 000 houses. Over a period of 10 years Salma Ismail tracked the history of the Victoria Mxenge Housing Project, from its start as a development organisation to its evolution into a social movement and then as a service provider. Through the stories of these women, she describes the choices a social movement made when caught up in the struggle to mobilise for housing and become service providers in a context in which the state did not live up to its social responsibilities. The text weaves together perspectives on the usefulness and limitations of Popular Education, the value of local and traditional knowledge, and of experiential learning and learning in an informal context. This book taps into the growing international interest in ‘citizen learning’ in the context of social movements.
The House of Tshatshu: Power, politics and chiefs north-west of the Great Kei River c 1818-2018
Authors:   University of Cape Town, Mager Anne Kelk , Velelo Phiko Jeffrey
Published: February 2023

‘In 1852 Sir George Cathcart pronounced that the amaTshatshu chieftaincy no longer existed: “I have broken and banished the tribe”, he boasted. This deeply researched book, at once clear-sighted and moving, traces the consequences of this proscription to the present day. In the course of a detailed examination of 200 years of this Thembu chieftaincy, Mager and Velelo illuminate a number of large and pressing themes in South African history. These include the contested meanings of chieftaincy and ethnicity; the complex politics and violence of settler colonialism and apartheid-era Bantustans and their consequences in the present day, and the meaning of land and land restitution in the context of the continuing neglect of rural populations. In 2013 the Tshatshu chieftaincy was finally restored and its new incumbent installed in a powerful ceremony, but with history weighing so heavily on this story, it seems unlikely that this is the final chapter.’ – Megan Vaughan, University College of London ‘The authors recognise that they are differently positioned in relation to this history and that while they belong in the story, it does not belong to them. They pose pertinent questions for political reform and gender relations: Can institutions which have been tainted by a hostile past be harmonised with the Constitution and the Bill of Rights that are the fundamental guides for South Africa’s democracy? How these and other questions are handled throughout the book is impressive.’ – Professor Luvuyo Wotshela, University of Fort Hare
Rights-based Justifications for Self-Defense
Authors: Ford Shannon Brandt ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2023

I defend a modified rights-based unjust threat account for morally justified killing in self-defense. Rights-based moral justifications for killing in self-defense presume that human beings have a right to defend themselves from unjust threats. An unjust threat account of self-defense says that this right is derived from an agent’s moral obligation to not pose a deadly threat to the defender. The failure to keep this moral obligation creates the moral asymmetry necessary to justify a defender killing the unjust threat in self-defense. I argue that the other rights-based approaches explored here are unfair to the defender because they require her to prove moral fault in the threat. But then I suggest that the unjust threat account should be modified so that where the threat is non-culpable or only partially culpable, the defender should seek to share the cost and risk with the threat in order for both parties to survive.
Aggressive pyogenic granuloma mimicking a malignant lesion: Case report and review.
Authors: Banjar Assim , Al-Masri Nehal , Akil Abbad , Demyati Abrar , Abed Hassan
Published: February 2023

A pyogenic granuloma is a reactive hyperplastic inflammatory lesion that arises as a result of various stimuli such as low-grade local irritation, trauma, hormones, and certain medications. In the oral cavity, it is a relatively common gingival soft tissue lesion, which originates as an expansile growth of the mucous membrane. It could exhibit aggressive behaviour mimicking that of malignant lesions with different presentations. This article aims to present the case of a patient who attended the dental clinic while complaining about a large and rapidly growing intraoral mass with aggressive behaviour, which had manifested as a fast-growing lesion causing rapid expansion of the buccal and palatal bone, bleeding, and alveolar bone destruction associated with mobile teeth. The article also aims to compare this case with current reported cases of aggressive pyogenic granuloma in the literature.
Prescription of antibiotics for the prevention of failures and postoperative infections in oral implantology: a literature review
Authors: El Azrak Mohamed , Polyzois Ioannis
Published: February 2023

The increased success and survival of dental implants reported in the literature

has led them to become increasingly popular. Albrektsson estimated that more

than 12 million implants are placed annually around the globe.1 A recent

systematic review reported a mean survival value of 94.6% and success rates

ranging from 34.9-100% over a mean follow-up period of 13 years.2

Antibiotics are a type of antimicrobial agent that kill or slow the growth of

bacteria, and they are prescribed by health professionals to treat and prevent

infections. Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis can be defined as “the use of

antibiotics to prevent infections at the surgical site”.3 There are currently no

clear guidelines on antibiotic prophylaxis for implant surgery and antibiotic

prophylaxis remains a controversial topic.
To Analyze the Impact Of Formative Assessment In Fostering The Students Learning Competencies
Authors: Shameem Khursheed  , Muhammad Shahid
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of formative assessment through classroom teaching and assessment experiences of teachers as well as students' learning outcomes. Education is a vibrant phases. that involves a number of interconnected teaching and learning  The method can be performed without effective assessment, which is a key issue for those and serves as an essential function in teaching methodology. A particular lecturer as one of the most effective teaching strategies and practices likely used formative assessment at some point in history. As the primary characteristic of formative assessment, Socrates known as an early practitioner when preparing college students for the questions that are searched and provoked. Their responses are used to gauge their acquired knowledge and direct the instruction. A system of evaluation rewards cultural learning from teachers and students' interest. Formative assessment is utilized in Intermediate College, this qualitative and quantitative study examined that formative assessment had a positive impact on the students' learning and also teachers can review their teaching performance in the classes on the bases of student feedback. The researcher examined that although there were few weaknesses in some areas due to the lack of awareness, which can be removed by conducting a session with the teachers and students. The overall result of the report about the impact of formative assessments was on quite positive for the learning competencies of students at college.
APOIO ÀS VÍTIMAS DIRETAS E INDIRETAS DE CRIMES CONTRA A VIDA E O ATENDIMENTO INTEGRAL DO CENTRO DE REFERÊNCIA E APOIO À VÍTIMA
Authors: Da Costa Fernando José , Santos Martins D'Auria Priscila
Published: February 2023

No presente trabalho, apoiamo-nos na experiência de atendimento às vítimas de crimes contra a vida que o Centro de Referência realiza desde 1998. Procuramos desenvolver uma metodologia própria para o acolhimento e atendimento integral e interdisciplinar dessas vítimas que atravessam um luto difícil e imposto. A partir disso, compreendemos que o acesso à justiça está além dos processos criminais, visto que as vulnerabilidades de quem sofre violência também são sociais, físicas, educativas, econômicas e emocionais.
ESTATUTO DA VÍTIMA DE CRIME EM PORTUGAL
Authors: Moyano Marques Frederico
Published: February 2023

A vítima de crime tem vindo progressivamente a ganhar o seu espaço no processo penal. Impulsionadas por instrumentos jurídicos emanados de grandes organizações internacionais, as legislações nacionais da maioria dos Estados-Membros da União Europeia vêm consagrando um conjunto de direitos destinados a assegurar às vítimas um tratamento assente no respeito e no reconhecimento, a possibilitar-lhes a prossecução dos seus legítimos interesses e a conferir-lhes um papel mais ativo no processo. Em Portugal, embora a figura processual do assistente já permitisse à vítima a intervenção no processo, ainda que com algumas limitações, verificaram-se nos últimos anos profundas alterações legislativas, designadamente a introdução do estatuto de vítima e do estatuto de vítima de violência doméstica. Contudo, ao mesmo tempo que robusteceram a posição das vítimas, estes dois quadros normativos trouxeram um tratamento desigual cuja razão de ser nem sempre se afigura aceitável.
JUSTIÇA RESTAURATIVA E OS CÍRCULOS DE DIÁLOGO NA VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA
Authors: Souza Almeida Adrielson
Published: February 2023

A justiça restaurativa representa uma evolução na gestão das penas e modo de reduzir ou minimizar os danos das violações. Porém não serve para todos os crimes e precisa ser conhecida desde sua base conceitual até sua aplicabilidade. O presente artigo, escrito a partir da experiência do autor em um tribunal de justiça brasileiro, apresenta subsídios para compreender e agir na via restaurativa, tendo por foco a questão da violência doméstica contra a mulher.
EM DEFESA DA VIA ANTIRRACISTA
Authors: Loures Ferreira Gianmarco
Published: February 2023

O racismo tem atravessado sociedades, criado desigualdades e ceifado vidas de populações pretas em todo o globo. E suas consequências são devastadoras na autoconsciência de si, na saúde mental, na exclusão, na vida precária por conta das discriminações impostas aos negros por gerações. Sua ação, trata-se de uma estratégia de regulação política, a qual é produzida socialmente para ancorar a autopreservação de um grupo posicionado como hegemônico: a branquitude. O artigo pauta essa questão, ao mesmo tempo em que convida ao seu enfrentamento.
Résistances indigènes dans les pays du Sud : il est temps de mettre fin au racisme, à la xénophobie et à l'ethnocide
Authors: Kapukaya Apurinã Kowawa , Tupinambá Awamirim
Published: February 2023

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Editorial
Authors: Amaro Sarita , Leite dos Santos Celeste , Sousa de Almeida Vanessa Therezinha , Araújo Marilene
Published: February 2023

Apresentação do volume 1 da Revista, objetivos e potencial contributivo à sociedade.
La victimología como fundamento del estatuto de las víctimas de delitos
Authors: Tamarit Sumalla Josep Maria
Published: February 2023

El reconocimiento de los derechos de las víctimas ha evolucionado de modo paralelo a la investigación victimológica, aunque las decisiones políticas que se expresan en los textos legales y en la aplicación de los mismos con frecuencia no se basan en los avances del conocimiento victimológico. La experiencia del estatuto de las víctimas en España, en el contexto de la normativa europea, puede ser de interés para otros países que están inmersos en el desarrollo legal de los derechos de las víctimas.
JUSTIÇA RESTAURATIVA
Authors: Cordeiro Leite dos Santos Maria Celeste
Published: February 2023

Retrata-se no presente artigo as principais influências, origens e conceitos que referenciam a Justiça Restaurativa, notadamente desenvolvidos em Harrisonburg - Virgínia, nos Estados Unidos por Howard Zehr, no curso de facilitador, do Summer Peacebuilding Institute (SPI). Tem como objetivo analisar o conflito, o trauma e a violência causada pela natureza do ser humano, ou pelas instituições sociais, visando através de diferentes estratégias e práticas restaurativas, dignificar e construir resiliências para as vítimas. Os dados apresentados serão construídos e analisados mediante estratégias qualitativas. A metodologia segue a Tópica aristotélica
JUSTIÇA RESTAURATIVA E A BUSCA DO PROTAGONISMO ESQUECIDO DA VÍTIMA
Authors: Bueno de Azevedo Paulo
Published: February 2023

No presente artigo, estudam-se o papel da vítima e a perda do seu protagonismo nos conflitos criminais. De início, por meio de análise jurídico-legal do Código Penal e do Código de Processo Penal em vigor, examina-se como a vítima teve os seus direitos esquecidos, a ponto de poder ser considerada como mera testemunha do Estado-Juiz. Em seguida, são analisados dois projetos de lei (Estatuto da Vítima e novo Código de Processo Penal), que buscam superar o presente estado das coisas. Por derradeiro, é estudada a forma como se entrelaçam os direitos das vítimas com a justiça restaurativa, pesquisando a sua aplicabilidade atual por meio do acordo de não persecução penal.
Effectiveness of educational intervention on Attitude regarding care of geriatric among Nursing Students at a selected nursing colleges, Kolar
Authors:   Department of Nursing Foundation, Sri Devaraj Urs College of Nursing,Tamaka, Kolar, Vani R , Cariena Zeanath J
Published: February 2023

Background: By 2050, 80% of the world's elderly will reside in low- and middle-income countries. Nurses play an important role in addressing challenges by encouraging people to lead independent lives with favourable health promotion outcomes. Objectives: To examine the relationship between attitude scores and selected demographic variables of nursing students. Effectiveness of educational intervention on attitude of nursing students regarding care of geriatric. Settings and Design: Quantitative approach-one group pre-test, post-test-Experimental research design developed by establishing sample frame using simple random sampling technique among 60 nursing students from III and IV years of BSc (N). Data was collected using a 5-point likert scale and evaluated using descriptive and inferential statistics after obtaining IEC. Results: Pre-test, 37 (61.7%) had an unfavourable attitude, after the post-test, 54 participants (90%) had a fairly good attitude, whereas 6 people (10%) had a pleasant attitude. With a pre-test mean score of 48.1, SD 5.25, and a post-test mean score of 63.5, SD 9.183, significant at p0.05. Hence intervention was effective & research hypothesis has been accepted. Conclusion: requires emphasis on competency caring for older persons and to address concerns. Key words: educational intervention, Attitude, care of geriatric.
Anatomical Variations of Spleen in South Indian Population
Authors:   Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Tamaka, Kolar., Ashwini N S , Kulkarni Vinay , Venkateshu K V
Published: February 2023

Background: Spleen is the large lymphoid organ that is situated in the left hypochondriac region and is usually wedge shaped. It has two ends, two surfaces and three margins. Superior margin of the spleen possesses characteristic notches. Normally spleen is not palpable. It develops in dorsal mesogastrium during the 5th week of fetal life from a mass of mesenchymal cells. Objectives: The present study explains the morphology of spleen 1.To determine the length of spleen 2.To determine the breadth of spleen 3.To determine the thickness of spleen 4.To determine the variations in notches & shape of spleen 5.To compare the morphometric measurements with previous studies Results: In our study, the length, breadth and thickness of spleen was 9.19 cm, 6.61 cm and 3.25 cm respectively. The length of spleen ranged between 5-8cm in 35% of spleens, 8.1-10cm in 35%, 10.1-12cm in 24%and >12.1cm in 6% of spleens studied. Majority of the length of spleens ranged between 5-8cm and 8.1-10cm. The breadth ranged between 3.5-5.5cm in 25% of spleens, 5.6-7.5cm in 45%, 7.6-9.5cm in 20% and 9.6-11.5cm in 10% of spleens studied. The maximum range of breadth of spleen was 5.6-7.5cm in our study. The thickness of spleen ranged between 1-4cm in 82% of spleens, 4.1-6cm in 10% of spleens and 6.1-8cm in 8% of spleen maximum being 1-4cm. 5 fissures and 6 lobules in one of the spleens were observed. These fissures were from the superior border. A deep fissure on the diaphragmatic surface was also observed. The shape of spleen was wedge shaped in 34 % of the spleens being the maximum and next was oval shaped spleens and heart shaped spleens and crescent shaped spleens were the least found in 1% only. The weight of the spleen ranged between 40-500gms, heaviest being 461.1 gms in one of the spleen and least being 47.8gms. Conclusion: The detailed knowledge on variations of spleen is important in clinical practice to avoid and prevent any complications and to obtain a good operative, as well as diagnostic intervention. Keywords: Splenic notches, Polysplenia, Wandering spleen
COVID 19 Vaccination Coverage among Village Residents — A Cross Sectional Study
Authors:   Department of Community Medicine, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, India, Pradeep T S , Abhishek S V , Jayan Vivek , Anandu S , Shankar Sindhu , Sali Ramees M
Published: February 2023

Background: The global Pandemic of COVID-19 has impacted all countries of the world. Spreading of infectious agent accomplished either by specific protection by a potent vaccine or active disease contraction. A safe and effective vaccine would help to protect all age groups. Objectives: To assess the COVID-19 vaccination coverage among adults (18+ years) and to enumerate the factors influencing the COVID-19 Vaccination coverage among them. Methods and Material: All persons above 18 year of age who were eligible for COVID vaccine immunization were included in the survey. Houses locked during survey were excluded. Data were collected by an interview method using a pretested semi structured questionnaire which lasted less than 5 minutes. Results: 22882(61%) were the age group of 18-45yrs, 19457(51.9%) were males, 28457(75.9%) belonged to nuclear family, 85.5% had received at least one dose and 22.2% had received both the dose of COVID 19 vaccination, those who were graduates are 1.17 times chance of getting vaccinated, when compared to postgraduates. Among the occupational groups, compared to semi-professionals, professionals have 3.4 times chance of getting vaccinated. Those participants surveyed having COPD has 70% less chance of getting vaccinated compared to those who don’t having COPD. By using binary logistic regression, compare to nuclear family Joint family had 70% more chance and graduates had 64% of more chance of getting 2 dose of COVID vaccination. Professionals, Home makers, Diabetics, Hypertensive patients had higher odds of getting 2 dose of COVID vaccination. Conclusions: The effort to vaccinate hundreds of millions of people against COVID has been possible. There are very few reasons why the vaccination coverage could have been sluggish but most of them are easily addressable. Keywords: COVID 19, Vaccination, Villages
Long-Term Change in Caribbean Reef Water Quality and Ecosystem Health
Authors: Whaley Zachary B. , Cramer Katie L. , McClenachan Loren , Tewfik Alexander , Alvarez-Filip Lorenzo , McField Melanie , Carilli Jessica , Vardi Tali
Published: February 2023

Caribbean coral reef ecosystems have declined dramatically since systematic monitoring began in the 1970s. Over the past 50 years, they have lost between 50-80% of reef-building corals, their principal ecosystem architects. These declines have been attributed to climate change, introduction of invasive species, overfishing, and land-based pollution. Although recognized as a major stressor to corals, the role of land-based pollution in Caribbean coral declines has not been quantified due to the lack of consistent reef water quality monitoring. As part of our CPN-funded working group “Integrating paleo and historical data into coral reef management and policy”, we compiled several metrics of reef water quality from paleoecological data and disparate monitoring efforts across the Caribbean to document multidecadal-scale change over a period of intensifying coastal land alteration. We then compared water quality trends with trends in living coral cover from these same reefs to assess the role of water quality declines from land-based runoff on coral reef ecosystem health. These analyses show that (1) an array of historical data exist for reconstructing trends in Caribbean reef water quality that are in disparate repositories and remain mostly untapped, (2) reefs across the Caribbean have experienced water quality declines over the past half century, even offshore sites that were previously thought to be unaffected by land-based runoff, (3) correlations between reef water quality and coral abundance trends are detected at select sites where water quality monitoring protocols were consistent and sustained for multiple decades, and (4) water quality declines are asynchronous across sites and are likely related to differing timing and histories of land alteration.
Oyster Death Assemblages as Archives of Historical Information for Studying Long-Term Trends in Oyster Body Size
Authors: Durham Stephen R. , Dietl Gregory P. , Handley John C. , Hua Quan , Clark Cheryl P. , Pier Jaleigh Q. , Kaufman Darrell S.
Published: February 2023

A lack of location-specific, long-term data is a common obstacle to assessing trends in condition of coastal habitats over time. Without historical monitoring records or other documentation, filling such data gaps can be difficult, but sedimentary records such as death assemblages (DAs; the accumulated, identifiable remains of organisms that lived in or near the habitat in the past) are relatively untapped, location-specific archives of ecological information from the past. In 2018, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the Paleontological Research Institution began a collaboration to study the use of oyster reef (Crassostrea virginica) DAs to address monitoring information gaps for oyster size. To-date, our project has sampled DAs from over 30 intertidal oyster reefs around Florida, radiocarbon dated most of the samples, and measured over 26,000 oyster shells. In the process, we found that C. virginica DAs are recent and high-resolution archives, with most samples from 15-35cm burial depth dating to within the last 80 years. We also developed a model to combine the DA data with real-time monitoring data on live oyster sizes from the same reefs to estimate reef- and locality-level size trends from as early as the 1960s to the present. This information is adding temporal context for our overwhelmingly short (~5-10 years) and recent (many post-2010) time series of live C. virginica size data. This case study demonstrates the potential utility of DA data for supplementing real-time monitoring data during the assessment and management of coastal habitats.
Implications of Immigrant Arrival Times During the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum for Mammal Biogeographic Response to Modern Climate Change
Authors: Bloch Jonathan I. , Morse Paul E. , Vitek Natasha S. , Boyer Doug M. , Korasidis Vera A. , Wing Scott L.
Published: February 2023

Abilities of taxa to track suitable habitat under climate change is a concern in conservation biology. Projections that assume suitable habitat is limited to currently occupied biomes can produce underestimates of species viability. The geological record is a valuable source of data to test assumptions about habitat tracking because it archives past episodes of climate change. The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) ~56 million years ago was an interval of rapid carbon release (millennial scale) and global warming (~5 C) that caused large geographic range shifts in Earth’s biota. Large, stratigraphically controlled fossil collections spanning the PETM in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, document first occurrence data for immigrant mammals and plants, providing evidence of geographic range shifts as well as changes in climate, flora and vegetation. If mammals tracked specific habitats, their intercontinental dispersal would imply continuity of biomes across Holarctica. In that case, intercontinental mammal and plant immigrants should appear concurrently. Instead, mammalian immigrants crossed high latitude belts of warm, temperate forest, then appeared in the Bighorn Basin during the warmest part of the PETM when plant fossils suggest a dry tropical forest. Warm temperate Eurasian plants are rare during the body of the PETM, but become abundant during the recovery, as climate became wetter. Floral change during the PETM recovery is not concurrent with change in mammalian community structure. Distinct patterns of mammalian and plant turnover suggest that mammals did not strictly track plant-defined habitats. Species may be capable of more flexible responses to rapid climate change than current models predict. Efforts that support movement and provide multi-latitudinal networks of protected areas should be prioritized as a viable means to help conserve some species in the face of climate change.
Giant Kelp Forest Resilience to Ocean Warming; Historical and Modern Systems
Authors: Roopnarine Peter D. , Banker Roxanne M. W. , Sampson Scott D.
Published: February 2023

Giant kelp forests of the North Pacific are iconic among cool temperate marine communities. They are also amongst the most productive marine ecosystems, harboring significant biodiversity and supporting coastal economies. The fate of these systems over the next eight decades is uncertain, given the variance of outcomes for global warming scenarios and the complexities of ecological forecasting. There is a growing consensus that giant kelp will be susceptible to warming, leading to a decline of the communities. Kelp forest dynamics, however, are also controlled by biotic interactions. In the North Pacific, the main biotic factors today are kelp herbivory, especially by grazing sea urchins, and predatory control of the urchins, particularly by sea otters and sunflower sea stars. A recent study demonstrated that as late as the 18th century, the now extinct mega herbivore Steller’s sea cow, an obligate kelp browser, had a significant impact on North Pacific kelp forest dynamics. Mathematical models comparing the historical community to modern ones indicated that the sea cow would have increased forest resilience against reductions of predation of urchins caused by multiple types of perturbation. In addition to epidemics and temperature anomalies, it is expected that global temperatures will increase 2-4 degrees Celsius by the year 2100. Here we use the mathematical models to explore forest dynamics under various warming scenarios, including the changing impacts of epidemics and the frequency and intensity of warming anomalies. Preliminary results suggest that in contrast to a stable temperature regime, warming to 4 degrees increases chaotic dynamics, extinction of both sea urchins and sunflower sea stars, and abundance of understory algae. Those results also suggest that chaos and algal increase would be lessened in the presence of the extinct herbivore. These findings bear implications for future kelp forest management, conservation, and human economic exploitation.
Conservation Paleobiology and Taphonomy: Differential Preservation and Time-Averaging of Echinoids and Mollusks
Authors: Torres Luis , Kowalewski Michał , Portell Roger W. , Grun Tobias B.
Published: February 2023

Fossils from surficial death assemblages and shallow cores are an important archive used in the field of conservation paleobiology. Understanding the taphonomic filters and time-averaging that affect modern biomineralized taxa is crucial for using their fossil record as a source of geohistorical data. Through comparative analysis of the live-dead patterns of echinoids and mollusks, we aim to assess multiple hypotheses regarding differences between the two taxa in terms of preservation potential and fossil record resolution. In this pilot study, six sediment samples (five surface [0-10cm] and one subsurface [30-40cm]) were collected in a shallow, subtidal habitat off the coast of Cedar Key, Florida. These samples were sieved for mollusks and echinoids. Specimens were segregated by taxa and classified into live, whole dead, and fragments. Results were consistent among surface samples, which showed that, by weight, an average of 8% of all mollusk specimens and 55% of all echinoid specimens were live collected. Fragmentation rate by weight was notable higher for echinoids than for mollusks: 77% for mollusks and >99% for echinoids. The subsurface sample lacked complete echinoid tests, but complete mollusks shells, mollusk fragments and echinoid fragments remained common. These results support the hypothesis that echinoid tests degrade more quickly than mollusk shells, making them less likely to be preserved as part of time-averaged assemblages formed under low net-accumulation rates. Echinoid fragments do not seem to follow this pattern, and instead seem to preserve similarly to mollusks. The results suggest that geohistorical records provided by echinoids and mollusks may be fundamentally distinct from one another in terms of temporal resolution and completeness of the fossil record.
Understanding Botanical Traits of Rancho La Brea Fossils for Conservation Purposes
Authors: Mendoza Steven Joseph
Published: February 2023

The La Brea Tar Pits and Museum in Los Angeles is home to over 4 million Pleistocene fossils that help us better understand California during the last Ice Age. While the focus of Rancho La Brea research has often been on understanding the site’s megafauna, the plant fossils of this site hold a wealth of information that remains untapped. Seeds, nuts, pods, leaves, and entire trees have been preserved in the asphalt to such a degree that researchers have identified over 150 different species of plants. These plants document the environmental changes Southern California has experienced from before the Last Glacial Maximum until today. The plants found at La Brea Tar Pits have proven their resilience during extreme climatic changes. Their botanical characteristics and traits are valuable for conservationists and land managers to consider as they plan landscapes for the changing climatic circumstances of today. To translate this deeper-time information into actionable conservation recommendations, we are developing a database of biological, environmental, and ethnobotanical characteristics for each of the 163 species of plant fossils identified at La Brea Tar Pits. By recording botanical temperature ranges, drought tolerances, soil preferences, fire responses, and organisms associated with each species, we can recommend which La Brea plants can thrive in certain regions, maximizing functional ecosystem services with minimal human investment. Researchers, land managers, conservation specialists, urban planners, and homeowners can use this database to create sustainable climate change-resistant parks, gardens, habitats, and recreational/educational spaces utilizing plants native to Los Angeles for the past 50,000+ years.