bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthetic ultra-long chain fatty acyl based amphiphilic lipids as a dual function excipient for the production of surfactant-free solid lipid nanoparticles (SF-SLNs): a physico-chemical study
Authors: Wei Wei , Lu Xiaonan , Wang Zegao , Dong Mingdong , Feng Fengqin , Guo Zheng
Published: June 2016

Behenoyl (22 : 0) based amphiphilic lipids are synthesized, some of which demonstrate excellent dual functionality as both solid excipients and emulsifiers in producing uniform solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs).
In vitro evaluation of anticancer and biological activities of synthesized manganese oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Khan Shahanavaj , Ansari Anees A. , Khan Abdul Arif , Abdulla Maha , Obeed Omar Al- , Ahmad Rehan
Published: June 2016

This paper presents the results from a systematic study into the characterization and anticancer and biological activity of synthesized super-paramagnetic manganese oxide nanoparticles (Mn3O4-NPs).
Aromatic C–H bond cleavage by using a Cu(i) ate-complex
Authors: Zhang Guanghui , Yi Hong , Xin Jie , Deng Yi , Bai Ruopeng , Huang Zhiliang , Miller Jeffrey T. , Kropf A. Jeremy , Bunel Emilio E. , Qi Xiaotian , Lan Yu , Lei Aiwen
Published: June 2016

Ate-complex [Cu(OtBu)2]Na was found to be able to cleave C–H bond of benzothiazole (ArH) producing [ArCuI(OtBu)]Na with a rate constant of 3.2 × 10−2 mol−1 L s−1 at −50 °C and with an activation enthalpy of 0.73 kcal mol−1 at room temperature.
Experimental and computational evidence on conformational fluctuations as a source of catalytic defects in genetic diseases
Authors: Fuchs Julian E. , Muñoz Inés G. , Timson David J. , Pey Angel L.
Published: June 2016

Catalytic mutants causing inherited type III galactosemia alter active site structural dynamics and shift the native conformational equilibrium towards inactive conformations.
A large-volume manufacturing of multi-crystalline silicon solar cells with 18.8% efficiency incorporating practical advanced technologies
Authors: Zhang Yingbin , Tao Jiahua , Chen Yifeng , Xiong Zhen , Zhong Ming , Feng Zhiqiang , Yang Pingxiong , Chu Junhao
Published: June 2016

The optimization processes for the mass-production of high-efficiency multi-crystalline silicon solar cells have been observed in this paper.
Biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(ε-carprolactone) polymeric micelles with different tailored topological amphiphilies for doxorubicin (DOX) drug delivery
Authors: Chen Y. , Zhang Y. X. , Wu Z. F. , Peng X. Y. , Su T. , Cao J. , He B. , Li S.
Published: June 2016

The self-assembly and drug release of the three PEG–PCL copolymers with different topologies but identical molar ratio between PEG to PCL.
Stable over-expression of the human malate–aspartate NADH shuttle member Aralar I in PK15 cells improves energy metabolism and enhances proliferation of porcine circovirus-2
Authors: Xia Zhongwu , Yi Xiaoping , Zhuang Yingping
Published: June 2016

The considerable losses sustained by the pig industry due to porcine circovirus-2 (PCV2) could be avoided by using an attenuated vaccine.
A gadolinium MOF acting as a multi-responsive and highly selective luminescent sensor for detecting o-, m-, and p-nitrophenol and Fe3+ ions in the aqueous phase
Authors: Tan Qing-Hua , Wang Yan-Qin , Guo Xiao-Yu , Liu Hou-Ting , Liu Zhi-Liang
Published: June 2016

A new Gd-MOF constructed with a π-conjugated ligand shows highly luminescent selective sensing of o-, m-, and p-nitrophenol and Fe3+ ions in an aqueous system.
Optimization of (Cu2Sn)xZn3(1−x)S3/CdS pn junction photoelectrodes for solar water reduction
Authors: Chen Yubin , Qin Zhixiao , Chen Tao , Su Jinzhan , Feng Xiaoyang , Liu Maochang
Published: June 2016

Optimization of (Cu2Sn)xZn3(1−x)S3/CdS pn junction photoelectrodes led to the incident photon to current conversion efficiency of 24.7% for water reduction.
The properties of new epoxy networks swollen with ionic liquids
Authors: Leclère M. , Livi S. , Maréchal M. , Picard L. , Duchet-Rumeau J.
Published: June 2016

In this work, ionic liquids based on trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium associated with bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate [TMP] and dicyanamide [DCA] counter anions were used as reactive additives within epoxy/amine networks.
Electrolytes as a tuning parameter to control nano-emulsion and nanoparticle size
Authors: Fornaguera Cristina , Calderó Gabriela , Solans Conxita
Published: June 2016

Schematic representation of the effect of the electrolytes addition in the aqueous phase of the NE on NE droplet size.
Facile and sensitive electrochemical detection of methyl parathion based on a sensing platform constructed by the direct growth of carbon nanotubes on carbon paper
Authors: Yue Xiaoyue , Han Pengxian , Zhu Wenxin , Wang Jianlong , Zhang Lixue
Published: June 2016

Facile and sensitive methyl parathion detection was achieved based on a novel carbon nanotube/carbon paper sensor.
Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of amorphous carbon molecular sieve membranes for gas separation
Authors: Nagasawa Hiroki , Kanezashi Masakoto , Yoshioka Tomohisa , Tsuru Toshinori
Published: June 2016

Amorphous carbon membranes were successfully synthesized onto a SiO2–ZrO2/α-Al2O3 nanoporous substrate via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) at room temperature.
Electrostatic assembly of gold nanorods on a glass substrate for sustainable photocatalytic reduction via sodium borohydride
Authors: Harrington Jordan A. , Harms Zachary D. , Zaleski Jeffrey M.
Published: June 2016

Gold nanorods were adhered onto a glass substrate for use as a sustainable, reusable photocatalyst to reduce 4-nitroaniline with sodium borohydride.
Supramolecular hydrogel of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: preparation, characterization and ocular biocompatibility
Authors: Li Xingyi , Pu Guojuan , Yu Xinxin , Shi Shuai , Yu Jing , Zhao Wenguang , Luo Zichao , He Zhifen , Chen Hao
Published: June 2016

A supramolecular hydrogel based on a peptide (GFFY) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (naproxen and ibuprofen) was synthesized for use as a topical gel.
Branched triphenylamine-core compounds: aggregation induced two-photon absorption
Authors: Zhang Xin , Gan Xiaoping , Yao Shun , Zhu Weiju , Yu Jianhua , Wu Zhichao , Zhou Hongping , Tian Yupeng , Wu Jieying
Published: June 2016

Three branched dipole molecules (T1–T3) were designed and synthesized. T1 and T2 have remarkable AIE properties arising from the formation of J-aggregation because of their partial planarization in an aggregated state.
Synthesis, crystal structures, and in vitro anticancer properties of new N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) silver(i)- and gold(i)/(iii)-complexes: a rare example of silver(i)–NHC complex involved in redox transmetallation
Authors: Haque Rosenani A. , Ghdhayeb Mohammed Z. , Budagumpi Srinivasa , Khadeer Ahamed Mohamed B. , Abdul Majid Amin M. S.
Published: June 2016

A series of cationic, linearly coordinated silver(i)– and gold(i/iii)–NHC complexes of (benz)imidazol-2-ylidene ligands was prepared and successfully characterized.
Selective delivery of photothermal nanoparticles to tumors using mesenchymal stem cells as Trojan horses
Authors: Encabo-Berzosa M. Mar , Gimeno Marina , Lujan Lluis , Sancho-Albero Maria , Gomez Leyre , Sebastian Victor , Quintanilla Miguel , Arruebo Manuel , Santamaria Jesus , Martin-Duque Pilar
Published: June 2016

Mesenchymal stem cells can be usedin vivoas carriers of photothermal nanoparticles thanks to their ability to migrate and incorporate into tumors. A superior ablative effect is reached when using this strategy compared to the EPR effect.
Base free regioselective synthesis of α-triazolylazine derivatives
Authors: Harisha Mysore Bhyrappa , Nagaraj Muthupandi , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam , Bhuvanesh Nattamai
Published: June 2016

A regioselective α-heteroarylation followed by deoxygenation towards the synthesis of variety of azine triazole from simple azine N-oxides derivatives and N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles has been described.
Synthesis of high-voltage (4.7 V) LiCoO2 cathode materials with Al doping and conformal Al2O3 coating by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Xie Ming , Hu Tao , Yang Liu , Zhou Yun
Published: June 2016

The electrochemical properties of high-voltage (4.7 V) LiCoO2 cathode materials with Al doping and a conformal Al2O3 coating by atomic layer deposition were studied in this paper.
Preparation of novel CeMo(x) hollow microspheres for low-temperature SCR removal of NOx with NH3
Authors: Zhan Sihui , Shi Qiang , Zhang Yu , Li Yi , Tian Yang
Published: June 2016

A series of novel Mo doped CeO2 hollow microspheres have been successfully synthesized using carbon microspheres as templates, which were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET and used to remove NOx upon NH3-SCR at lower temperature.
Facile fabrication hybrids of TiO2@ZnO tubes with enhanced photocatalytic properties
Authors: Wang Minghui , Cui Liying , Li Songyang , Li Zhuoxin , Ma Tianliang , Luan Guoyou , Liu Wei , Zhang Fanli
Published: June 2016

Hollow nano-tubes of TiO2 and TiO2@ZnO hybrids were produced by a facile and mild approach combining an electrospinning technique and soaking method, followed by calcination.
TEMPO-catalyzed synthesis of 5-substituted isoxazoles from propargylic ketones and TMSN3
Authors: He Yan , Xie Yu-yang , Wang Ying-chun , Bin Xiao-min , Hu Da-chao , Wang Heng-shan , Pan Ying-ming
Published: June 2016

A novel and efficient TEMPO-catalyzed synthesis of 5-substituted isoxazoles from propargylic ketones and TMSN3via the radical mechanism process is described. A plausible reaction mechanism for this process is proposed.
Selective enhancement of human stem cell proliferation by mussel inspired surface coating
Authors: Jiang Xiumei , Li Yanfang , Liu Ying , Chen Chunying , Chen Menglin
Published: June 2016

The biocompatibility and cell adhesion properties of mussel inspired polydopamine and polynorepinephrine surface coatings on PCL fibers for human mesenchymal and human induced pluripotent stem cell derived mesenchymal stem cells were investigated.
Comparative study on the characteristics, operational life and reactivity of Fe/Cu bimetallic particles prepared by electroless and displacement plating process
Authors: Ren Yi , Lai Bo
Published: June 2016

In this study, an electroless (electrode-less) copper plating technology was developed to prepare the high-reactive and robust iron–copper (Fe/Cu) bimetallic particles.
Nanomaterial mediated optogenetics: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Huang Kai , Dou Qingqing , Loh Xian Jun
Published: June 2016

This review elaborates on the possible applications of nanomaterials in optogenetics and analyses the benefits of nanomaterial-mediated optogenetics.
Optical microring resonator based corrosion sensing
Authors: Ahmed Rajib , Rifat Ahmmed A. , Yetisen Ali K. , Salem Michel Saab , Yun Seok-Hyun , Butt Haider
Published: June 2016

A refractive index (RI) based corrosion sensor that could measure the oxidation of iron metal to iron-oxide was numerically investigated with a finite element method.
Palladium-catalyzed direct C–H arylation of ferrocenecarboxamides with aryl halides
Authors: Qiao Huijie , Sun Suyan , Yang Fan , Zhu Yu , Zhu Weiguo , Wu Yusheng , Wu Yangjie
Published: June 2016

A simple and facile protocol for palladium-catalyzed ortho-arylation of ferrocenecarboxamides with aryl halides was developed with the assistance of the bidentate directing group.
Functionalised diimidazolium salts: the anion effect on the catalytic ability
Authors: Rizzo Carla , D'Anna Francesca , Noto Renato
Published: June 2016

How is it possible to catalyze and simultaneously control the outcome of a reaction? Employing task specific ionic liquids and changing their anions.
Discovery of lipoic acid-4-phenyl-1H-pyrazole hybrids as novel bifunctional ROCK inhibitors with antioxidant activity
Authors: Tu Ya-lin , Chen Qiu-he , Wang Sheng-nan , Uri Asko , Yang Xiao-hong , Chu Jia-qi , Chen Jing-kao , Luo Bing-ling , Chen Xiao-hong , Wen Shi-jun , Pi Rong-biao
Published: June 2016

A potently selective ROCK2 inhibitor with antioxidative properties.
Nitrogen-doped carbon dots derived from polyamindoamine dendrimer
Authors: Shen Juncai , Li Qing , Zhang Yan , She Xing-jin , Wang Cai-Feng , Chen Su
Published: June 2016

Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized through a hydrothermal process. The as-prepared CDs were used as fluorescent ink and sensors for the sensitive detection of temperature and Fe3+in aqueous solution.
Rapid response and excellent recovery of a polyaniline/silicon carbide nanocomposite for cigarette smoke sensing with enhanced thermally stable DC electrical conductivity
Authors: Ahmad Sharique , Sultan Adil , Mohammad Faiz
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we present an electrical conductivity based rapid response cigarette smoke sensor with excellent recovery based on a polyaniline/silicon carbide (Pani/SiC) nanocomposite.
β-Alanyl aminopeptidase-activated fluorogenic probes for the rapid identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical samples
Authors: Váradi Linda , Hibbs David E. , Orenga Sylvain , Babolat Michèle , Perry John D. , Groundwater Paul W.
Published: June 2016

The fluorogenic self-immolative substrates8are specifically hydrolyzed by β-alanyl aminopeptidase, resulting in a 1,6-elimination and the release of the highly fluorescent hydroxycoumarins6.
Effect of the MWCNTs selective localization on the dielectric properties for PVDF/PS/HDPE ternary blends with in situ formed core–shell structure
Authors: Li Shuang-lin , Dou Rui , Shao Yan , Yin Bo , Yang Ming-bo
Published: June 2016

This work demonstrated the selective localization of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/poly(styrene) (PS)/high-density poly(ethylene) (HDPE) blends to be an effective method to reduce the dielectric loss.
A reproducible gold SERS substrate assisted by silver nanoparticles without using extra aggregation agents
Authors: Liu Yuping , Lu Zhiwei , Lin Xiang , Zhu Hongbin , Hasi Wuliji , Zhang Meiling , Zhao Xiaorong , Lou Xiutao
Published: June 2016

A novel and very simple silver-assisted gold SERS substrate with very excellent reproducibility and high enhancement is achieved, and the utilization of extra aggregation agents is eliminated in the colloids substrate.
Experimental and theoretical approving of anomeric based oxidation in the preparation of 2-sbstituted benz-(imida, oxa and othia)-zoles using [2,6-DMPy-NO2]C(NO2)3 as a novel nano molten salt catalyst
Authors: Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Khazaei Ardeshir , Alaie Saied , Baghery Saeed , Maleki Farahnaz , Bayat Yadollah , Asgari Asiye
Published: June 2016

The synthesis of [2,6-DMPy-NO2]C(NO2)3 as a novel NMS and its application in the synthesis of 2-sbstituted benz-(imida, oxa and othia)-zoles via a new mechanistic approach was supported by theoretical studies.
Novel naproxen-peptide-conjugated amphiphilic dendrimer self-assembly micelles for targeting drug delivery to osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Zhao Yinbo , Zeng Qi , Wu Fengbo , Li Jing , Pan Zhaoping , Shen Pengfei , Yang Lu , Xu Ting , Cai Lulu , Guo Li
Published: June 2016

The aim of the current study was to synthesize and prepare novel self-assembly micelles loaded with curcumin (Cur) based on naproxen (Nap)-conjugated amphiphilic peptide dendrimers.
Turning carbon fiber into a stress-sensitive composite material
Authors: Villani M. , Delmonte D. , Culiolo M. , Calestani D. , Coppedè N. , Solzi M. , Marchini L. , Bercella R. , Zappettini A.
Published: June 2016

Carbon fiber-based piezoelectric transducer by ZnO nanorods functionalization.
Near-infrared wavelength-dependent nonlinear transmittance tailoring in glass ceramics containing Er3+:LaF3nanocrystals
Authors: Chen Z. , Sun L. , Zhang H. , Dong G. P. , Gecevicius M. , Liu Y. Q. , Fu Y. X. , Jiang C. , Zhou S. F. , Qiu J. R.
Published: June 2016

Tailoring optical nonlinear transmittance relying on excitation at various NIR wavelengths in LaF3:Er3+nanocrystals embedded in germanate oxyfluoride glass ceramics.
Counter ions and constituents combination affect DODAX : MO nanocarriers toxicity in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Oliveira Ana Cristina Norberto , Sárria Marisa Passos , Moreira Pedro , Fernandes Joana , Castro Lisandra , Lopes Ivo , Côrte-Real Manuela , Cavaco-Paulo Artur , Real Oliveira Maria Elisabete Cunha Dias , Gomes Andreia Castro
Published: June 2016

To accurately evaluate harmful effects on cells, tissues and organisms, DODAX : MO liposomes were evaluatedin vitroandin vivo. Toxicity was found to depend on counter-ions and helper lipid contents.
Analysis of 3-D Tongue Motion From Tagged and Cine Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Xing Fangxu , Woo Jonghye , Lee Junghoon , Murano Emi Z. , Stone Maureen , Prince Jerry L.
Published: June 2016

Purpose

Measuring tongue deformation and internal muscle motion during speech has been a challenging task because the tongue deforms in 3 dimensions, contains interdigitated muscles, and is largely hidden within the vocal tract. In this article, a new method is proposed to analyze tagged and cine magnetic resonance images of the tongue during speech in order to estimate 3-dimensional tissue displacement and deformation over time.

Method

The method involves computing 2-dimensional motion components using a standard tag-processing method called harmonic phase, constructing superresolution tongue volumes using cine magnetic resonance images, segmenting the tongue region using a random-walker algorithm, and estimating 3-dimensional tongue motion using an incompressible deformation estimation algorithm.

Results

Evaluation of the method is presented with a control group and a group of people who had received a glossectomy carrying out a speech task. A 2-step principal-components analysis is then used to reveal the unique motion patterns of the subjects. Azimuth motion angles and motion on the mirrored hemi-tongues are analyzed.

Conclusion

Tests of the method with a various collection of subjects show its capability of capturing patient motion patterns and indicate its potential value in future speech studies.
High‐power epitaxial‐side down mounted terahertz quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Wang Tao , Zhai Shenqiang , Liu Junqi , Liu Fengqi , Wang Zhanguo
Published: June 2016

High‐power terahertz quantum cascade lasers at −97.4 μm based on coplanar waveguide epitaxial‐side down (Epi‐down) mounting technique are presented. With the improved thermal management, excellent performance is obtained for the Epi‐down mounted lasers. The maximum output powers of 685 mW in pulsed mode and 164 mW in continuous‐wave (C‐W) mode are realised at 10 K. The maximum C‐W wall‐plug efficiency of 1.67% is also realised. Fundamental lateral mode emissions are achieved for wide ridge lasers through a mode loss differentiation process.
Adaptive neural network control for active suspension system with actuator saturation
Authors: Zhao Feng , Ge Shuzhi Sam , Tu Fangwen , Qin Yechen , Dong Mingming
Published: June 2016

This study investigates adaptive neural network (NN) state feedback control and robust observation for an active suspension system that considers parametric uncertainties, road disturbances and actuator saturation. An adaptive radial basis function neural network is adopted to approximate uncertain non‐linear functions in the dynamic system. An auxiliary system is designed and presented to deal with the effects of actuator saturation. In addition, since it is difficult to obtain accurate states in practice, an NN observer is developed to provide state estimation using the measured input and output data of the system. The state observer‐based feedback control parameters with saturated inputs are optimised by the particle swarm optimisation scheme. Furthermore, the uniformly ultimately boundedness of all the closed‐loop signals is guaranteed through rigorous Lyapunov analysis. The simulation results further demonstrate that the proposed controller can effectively suppress car body vibrations and offers superior control performance despite the existence of non‐linear dynamics and control input constraints.
Event‐based security control for discrete‐time stochastic systems
Authors: Ding Derui , Wang Zidong , Wei Guoliang , Alsaadi Fuad E.
Published: June 2016

This study is concerned with the event‐based security control problem for a class of discrete‐time stochastic systems with multiplicative noises subject to both randomly occurring denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks and randomly occurring deception attacks. An event‐triggered mechanism is adopted with hope to reduce the communication burden, where the measurement signal is transmitted only when a certain triggering condition is violated. A novel attack model is proposed to reflect the randomly occurring behaviours of the DoS attacks as well as the deception attacks within a unified framework via two sets of Bernoulli distributed white sequences with known conditional probabilities. A new concept of mean‐square security domain is put forward to quantify the security degree. The authors aim to design an output feedback controller such that the closed‐loop system achieves the desired security. By using the stochastic analysis techniques, some sufficient conditions are established to guarantee the desired security requirement and the control gain is obtained by solving some linear matrix inequalities with non‐linear constraints. A simulation example is utilised to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed controller design scheme.
Delay compensation of discrete‐time linear systems by nested prediction
Authors: Liu Qingsong , Zhou Bin
Published: June 2016

In this study, the authors study the input delay compensation problem for discrete‐time linear systems with both state and input delays. Under the assumption that the original time‐delay system without input delay can be stabilised by state feedback, a nested predictor feedback controller is established to predict the future states such that the arbitrarily large yet exactly known input delay in the original system is completely compensated. Consequently, it is shown that the closed‐loop system consisting of the original time‐delay system and the nested prediction feedback controller is asymptotically stable. Under an additional assumption, an explicit nested predictor feedback controller without involving any nested summations is also established. Finally, two numerical examples are carried out to illustrate the obtained theoretical results.
Robust approach for attitude tracking and nonlinear disturbance rejection of rigid body spacecraft
Authors: Ping Zhaowu , Dong Yi , Tang Hao , Lu Jun‐Guo
Published: June 2016

This paper studies the attitude tracking and nonlinear external disturbances rejection problem of rigid body spacecraft by a robust state feedback control law motivated by nonlinear internal model design. This control law, independent of inertia matrix, can not only achieve asymptotic tracking of the desired attitude, but also reject nonlinear external disturbances in the control torque, generated by a so‐called nonlinear exosystem. It is also worth mentioning that our control law is a much simpler and smooth one, which can beat the inherent drawback of a discontinuous one that might result in undesired chattering effect in the real applications. With the introduction of nonlinear internal model, we convert the attitude tracking and disturbance rejection problem of spacecraft to the global robust stabilisation problem of a complicated nonlinear multi‐input, multi‐output augmented system, and then perform a rigorous and sophisticated stability analysis of such nonlinear augmented system. Simulation results will also be provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of our design.
Lateral excitonic switching in vertically stacked quantum dots
Authors: Jarzynka Jarosław R. , McDonald Peter G. , Shumway John , Galbraith Ian
Published: June 2016

We show that the application of a vertical electric field to the Coulomb interacting system in stacked quantum dots leads to a 90° in-plane switching of charge probability distribution in contrast to a single dot, where no such switching exists. Results are obtained using path integral quantum Monte Carlo with realistic dot geometry, alloy composition, and piezo-electric potential profiles. The origin of the switching lies in the strain interactions between the stacked dots hence the need for more than one layer of dots. The lateral polarization and electric field dependence of the radiative lifetimes of the excitonic switch are also discussed.
Influence of the Al wire placed in the anode axis on the transformation of the deuterium plasma column in the plasma focus discharge
Authors: Kubes P. , Paduch M. , Cikhardtova B. , Cikhardt J. , Klir D. , Kravarik J. , Rezac K. , Zielinska E. , Zaloga D. , Sadowski M. J. , Tomaszewski K.
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we describe the influence of an Al wire of 270 μm in diameter placed along the anode axis on the transformation of the deuterium pinch column in a megaampere (MA) plasma focus device. The evolution of the pinched column and of the wire corona was investigated by means of the multiframe interferometry, neutron and X-ray diagnostics. The wire corona did not influence considerably on the evolution of dense plasma structures and neutron production, but it increased the plasma density and consequently, the currents around its surface. The distribution of the closed internal currents (ranging hundreds of kA) and associated magnetic fields amounting to 5 T were also estimated in the dense plasma column and in plasmoidal structures at the near-equilibrium state. The description is based on the balance of the plasma pressure and the pressure of the internal poloidal and toroidal current components compressed by the external pinched column. The dominant number of fusion deuterium-deuterium (D-D) neutrons is produced during the evolution of instabilities, when the uninterrupted wire corona (containing deuterium) connects the dense structures of the pinch, and it did not allow the formation of a constriction of the sub-millimeter diameter.
Optical and electronic properties of sub-surface conducting layers in diamond created by MeV B-implantation at elevated temperatures
Authors: Willems van Beveren L. H. , Liu R. , Bowers H. , Ganesan K. , Johnson B. C. , McCallum J. C. , Prawer S.
Published: June 2016

Boron implantation with in-situ dynamic annealing is used to produce highly conductive sub-surface layers in type IIa (100) diamond plates for the search of a superconducting phase transition. Here, we demonstrate that high-fluence MeV ion-implantation, at elevated temperatures avoids graphitization and can be used to achieve doping densities of 6 at. %. In order to quantify the diamond crystal damage associated with implantation Raman spectroscopy was performed, demonstrating high temperature annealing recovers the lattice. Additionally, low-temperature electronic transport measurements show evidence of charge carrier densities close to the metal-insulator-transition. After electronic characterization, secondary ion mass spectrometry was performed to map out the ion profile of the implanted plates. The analysis shows close agreement with the simulated ion-profile assuming scaling factors that take into account an average change in diamond density due to device fabrication. Finally, the data show that boron diffusion is negligible during the high temperature annealing process.
Observation of anisotropic energy transfer in magnetically coupled magnetic vortex pair
Authors: Hasegawa N. , Sugimoto S. , Kumar D. , Barman S. , Barman A. , Kondou K. , Otani Y.
Published: June 2016

We have experimentally investigated the energy transfer and storage in the magnetostatically coupled vortices in a pair of disks. By measuring the frequency dependence of the rectified dc voltage, we observed a specific gyrating motion due to anomalous energy storage at the off-resonant frequency for anti-parallel polarities. Micromagnetic simulations based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation qualitatively reproduce the experimental results and reveal that the behavior arises from the anisotropic energy transfer, i.e., the modulation of effective damping constant of the pair disks, originating from the phase difference between coupled vortex cores. These findings can be of use in magnetic vortex based logic operations.
Electric charge limits on settled powders
Authors: Pérez-Vaquero J. , Quintanilla M. A. S. , Castellanos A.
Published: June 2016

In flows of dry particulate systems, electric charge is generated on particle surfaces by their collision with walls and with other particles. Charge build-up on single particles can yield local charge values high enough to surpass the limiting electric field for corona discharge into the surrounding gas. Then, local charge is decreased to a lower value that becomes stabilized when flows stop and particles deposit in a container. In this paper, we have used a Faraday pail system to measure the residual particle charge after using two different devices—tribochargers—for particle charging. One of the tribochargers allowed us to directly measure the total charge that was transferred from the walls to the particles, and this was compared to the final values in the bulk powder once it was collected in the Faraday pail. The results show that the electric charge of particles dispersed in gas is limited by corona discharge and depends mainly on the particle size. In addition, we present a simple model of the discharge of the collected powder based on electrostatic considerations. If the powder effective conductivity and the electric charge of the settling particles are known, the model predicts the temporal evolution of the total charge of the collected powder and the spatial distribution of the electric charge and electric field.
Ligand-size and ligand-chain hydrophilicity effects on the relaxometric properties of ultrasmall Gd2O3 nanoparticles
Authors: Tegafaw Tirusew , Xu Wenlong , Lee Sang Hyup , Chae Kwon Seok , Cha Hyunsil , Chang Yongmin , Lee Gang Ho
Published: June 2016

The relaxometric properties of ultrasmall Gd2O3 nanoparticles coated with various ligands were investigated. These ligands include small diacids with hydrophobic chains, namely, succinic acid (Mw = 118.09 amu), glutaric acid (Mw = 132.12 amu), and terephthalic acid (Mw = 166.13 amu), and large polyethylenimines (PEIs) with hydrophilic chains, namely, PEI-1300 (M¯n=1300) and PEI-10000 (M¯n=10000). Ligand-size and ligand-chain hydrophilicity effects were observed. The longitudinal (r1) and transverse (r2) water proton relaxivities generally decreased with increasing ligand-size (the ligand-size effect). The ligand-size effect was weaker for PEI because its hydrophilic chains allow water molecules to access the nanoparticle (the ligand-chain hydrophilicity effect). This result was explained on the basis of the magnetic dipole interaction between the dipoles of the nanoparticle and water proton. In addition, all samples were found to be non-toxic in cellular cytotoxicity tests.
Direct synthesis of ultrathin SOI structure by extremely low-energy oxygen implantation
Authors: Hoshino Yasushi , Yachida Gosuke , Inoue Kodai , Toyohara Taiga , Nakata Jyoji
Published: June 2016

We performed extremely low-energy 16O+ implantation at 10 keV (Rp ∼ 25 nm) followed by annealing aiming at directly synthesizing an ultrathin Si layer separated by a buried SiO2 layer in Si(001) substrates, and then investigated feasible condition of recrystallization and stabilization of the superficial Si and the buried oxide layer by significantly low temperature annealing. The elemental compositions were analyzed by Rutherford backscattering (RBS) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). The crystallinity of the superficial Si layer was quantitatively confirmed by ananlyzing RBS-channeling spectra. Cross-sectional morphologies and atomic configurations were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). As a result, we succeeded in directly synthesizing an ultrathin single-crystalline silicon layer with ≤20 nm thick separated by a thin buried stoichiometric SiO2 layer with ≤20 nm thick formed by extremely low-energy 16O+ implantation followed by surprisingly low temperature annealing at 1050∘ C.
Effect of nickel on pollen germination and pollen tube length in Arabis alpina (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Pavlova Dolja
Published: June 2016

In this work we studied and compared the toxic effect of nickel (Ni) on pollen germination and pollen tube length in Arabis alpina L. collected from serpentine and non-serpentine populations distributed in the Rila mountains, Bulgaria. Pollen grains were treated with prepared standard solutions of 100, 300, 500, and 700 μM Ni as NiCl2 in distilled water. A nutritional medium was also used to assess pollen germination. Nickel inhibited pollen germination and pollen tube elongation in both serpentine and non-serpentine plants. The percentage of germinated pollen in serpentine plants treated with Ni was higher than in non-serpentine plants but there was no difference in pollen tube elongation between groups. However, pollen tubes showed abnormalities such as coiling and swelling of the tip, or burst, and varied considerably among the samples. A complete break of pollen tube elongation is due to such abnormalities. Also, decreased pollen fertility in both populations was found. The plants from serpentines were less sensitive to (i.e. more tolerant of) elevated Ni concentrations commonly found in serpentine soils.
Temporal Reference Without the Concept of Time?
Authors: Jaszczolt Katarzyna M.
Published: June 2016

In this article I argue that whatever the preferred construal of time is, it is
always further reducible to one that assumes tenseless reality. In particular,
I argue for the superiority of an approach according to which the differences
between the future, present and past are quantitative on the level of basic building
blocks over a more intuitive view on which the differences are, as on the
surface level, qualitative. I demonstrate that a qualitative construal is reducible
to a quantitative one and that as such the latter fares better with the B-theoretic,
tenseless outlook on reality.
Western Conception of Time in Signed Languages: a Cognitive Linguistic Perspective
Authors: Kosecki Krzysztof
Published: June 2016

The chapter builds on previous research into the concept of time in signed
languages (Brennan 1983; Wilcox 2000; Taub 2001; Sutton-Spence and Woll
2010). Relying on the framework of the second generation cognitive linguistics
(Lakoff and Johnson 1999), it discusses the key elements of the Western view
of time as expressed in American, British, Polish, and other signed languages.
Signs based on metaphors, metonymies, and interactions of these two conceptual
mechanisms represent the conception of time rooted in classical physics
(Newton 1729), the paradigm of life sciences (McGrath and Kelly 1986), and
the efficiency-oriented concept of work (Lakoff and Johnson 1980). They reflect
time’s linearity and cyclicity, its division into homogenous units, and its use as
an economic resource.
The Mental Timeline During the Processing of Linguistic Information
Authors: Eikmeier Verena , Alex-Ruf Simone , Maienborn Claudia , Schröter Hannes , Ulrich Rolf
Published: June 2016

There is ample evidence that people use spatial concepts to think and speak
about time. Consistent with this notion, recent reaction time experiments
have documented that the spatial coordinates of responses influence speeded
decisions regarding temporal information. Specifically, classifying temporal linguistic
information produces a space-time congruency effect on reaction time
when responses with the left and right hand are arranged on the left-right axis.
A similar effect can be observed for responses that consist of movements along
the back-front axis. These findings are consistent with the view that time runs
from left to right or from back to front. In the present article we review these
results and assess the linguistic relevance of these two mental timelines for the
comprehension of linguistic information at the word and sentence level.
Reflection of temporal horizon in linguistic performance
Authors: Waliński Jacek Tadeusz
Published: June 2016

A significant body of cognitive research has identified the way in which temporal
horizons are developed in the human mind, as well as the influence they
exert on individual and social behavior. This study demonstrates a cognitive
schema of temporal horizon that emerges from the frequency of expressions
denoting temporal distance in spontaneous linguistic performance of Polish
speakers. Linguistic material analyzed in this study includes transcriptions of
impromptu conversations conducted in informal personal contexts, which were
compiled into a demographically annotated linguistic corpus that amounts
to 2.4 million words. The results reveal that the temporal horizon functions
predominantly within three distinctive brackets corresponding to one day, one
year, and up to 50 year periods. Moreover, the findings indicate that it tends to
alter dynamically with age.
Cutting-edge theories and techniques for LCI in the context of CALL
Authors: Caws Catherine , Hamel Marie-Josée
Published: June 2016

As an introduction to the field of learner-computer interaction, this chapter argues for a need to generate knowledge about the online language learning process, developing a capacity for doing so by using cutting-edge frameworks and methods grounded in science and engineering. Adopting a posture of CALL engineers, we approach interaction-based research in CALL through the core concept of design and discuss LCI investigations in the context of technology-­mediated task-based language learning. This chapter also presents the aim of the book; highlights the main features of contributors’ chapters; identifies the book’s readers and purposes for which it can be used. It summarizes each chapter in order to highlight the variations in theories and methods that this book promotes for the analysis of LCI. As such, this introductory chapter serves to guide readers to better apprehend the book content.
CALL design and research
Authors: Levy Mike , Caws Catherine
Published: June 2016

This chapter aims to explore two areas of computer assisted language learning (CALL) work that have proved problematic over time. The first area relates to our understanding of the broader contextual factors that influence CALL activity; the second relates to our understanding of the nature of interactions when those interactions are mediated via technology in some way. Thus, we aim to consider external factors and their influence on CALL and internal factors as they pertain to mediated interactions in CALL contexts. In both cases, we argue that insights and techniques drawn from the fields of HCI and engineering can enrich our understandings and practices, especially in focusing areas of research and development more effectively, and in conceptualizing research and practice in the first place.
Video screen capture to document and scaffold the L2 writing process
Authors: Hamel Marie-Josée , Séror Jérémie
Published: June 2016

This chapter explores the potential of video screen capture (VSC) as a technology that can provide new insights when investigating learner-computer interactions in CALL research, and that can play a mediating role in second language (L2) writing pedagogy. Arguments are put forward as to why CALL researchers and language educators should be interested in this accessible and flexible tool. Three studies are described to consolidate these arguments. The first one, a usability study, investigates L2 learners’ dictionary search processes in the context of the design of an online dictionary prototype. The second study examines the composition processes and strategies of L2 writers. The third study looks at the pertinence and added value of integrating VSC in the L2 writing class. Affordances of VSC arose from these studies. VSC emerged as a powerful documentation tool enabling the collection of process-oriented learner data and new forms of dynamic corpora. It also emerged as a retrospection tool capable of supporting L2 writers in their literacy development and as a scaffolding tool to provide multimodal feedback on L2 written output.
Analysing multimodal resources in pedagogical online exchanges
Authors: Cohen Cathy , Guichon Nicolas
Published: June 2016

This chapter focuses on the contribution to web conferencing-based pedagogical synchronous interactions of meaning-making multimodal resources (spoken language as well as gesture, gaze, body posture and movement). The first part of the chapter explores different methodological approaches to the analysis of multimodal semiotic resources in online pedagogical interactions. Having presented an overview of what research into synchronous web-mediated online interaction can bring to the field of CALL, we discuss the importance of determining the relevant units of analysis which will impact the granularity of transcription and orient the ensuing analyses. With reference to three of our own studies, we then explore different methods for studying multimodal online exchanges depending on the research questions and units of analysis under investigation. To illustrate the various ethical, epistemological and methodological issues at play in the qualitative examination of multimodal corpora, the second part of the chapter presents a case study that identifies the different steps involved when studying online pedagogical exchanges, from the initial data-­collection phase to the transcription of extracts of the corpus for publication.
Rendaku awareness of Japanese learners in Taiwan
Authors: Nakazawa Nobuyuki , Vance Timothy J. , Irwin Mark , Lyddon Paul
Published: June 2016

As rendaku is not entirely predictable, it is particularly difﬁcult for second language learners of Japanese to master. To date, however, little research has been done to examine this problem. This study investigates the potential pedagogical value of Lyman’s Law, the observation that the second element in a two-element compound will not undergo rendaku if it contains a voiced obstruent. University learners of Japanese in Taiwan were tested on the occurrence of rendaku in two-element compounds. They also answered questions about their knowledge of rendaku and Lyman’s Law. The results showed that most students knew about but overused rendaku and that they were unfamiliar with Lyman’s Law. Thus, explicit instruction on Lyman’s Law may be beneﬁcial in curbing the overuse of rendaku.
The Rendaku Database
Authors: Irwin Mark
Published: June 2016

Of those studies which have examined rendaku from a statistical angle, most have been small-scale, employing restricted corpora or micro-databases and often focused on speciﬁc conditions. The lack of a large-scale corpus was the impetus behind the creation of the Rendaku Database, available online for ongoing and future research. In this paper, both the initial and non-initial elements of approximately 28,000 compounds are subjected to a detailed analysis: by vocabulary stratum, length, part of speech, accent pattern, and frequency, as well as by the value of the moras straddling either side of the element boundary. Among the core ﬁndings are that initial elements which are verbs show aberrantly low rendaku rates, while non-initial elements which are deadjectival nouns, and those which begin in h, both exhibit considerably higher than average rendaku rates.
Rosen’s Rule
Authors: Irwin Mark
Published: June 2016

Rosen’s Rule states that rendaku is predictable when at least one element in a compound is three moras or longer. The rule is of importance for two reasons. Firstly, it adds further to the evidence afﬁrming the role of the foot in Japanese. Secondly, the application of Rosen’s Rule allows us to ﬂag a given morpheme for rendaku immunity (never undergoing rendaku) or its opposite, rendaku submission (always undergoing rendaku). However, recent work on Rosen’s Rule has shown that its psychological reality is unproven and, due to inconsistent deﬁnitions in Rosen’s work, scholarly interpretation of the Rule has not yet reached a consensus. Harnessing the Rendaku Database, the Rule is subjected to a thoroughgoing analysis, the outcome of which is that Rosen’s Rule is judged to be highly robust, with an accuracy level in the area of 90%.
Rendaku and individual segments
Authors: Vance Timothy J. , Asai Atsushi
Published: June 2016

This paper reviews suggestions involving particular individual phonemes, either as potential rendaku targets or as elements in the environment. Some of the proposed segmental effects are real, at least as statistical tendencies in the existing vocabulary, and experimental studies suggest that native speakers can and sometimes do internalize such micro-generalizations. On the other hand, although it is widely reported that a moraic nasal immediately preceding a potential rendaku site promotes rendaku, this putative tendency does not stand up to scrutiny. It has not, however, been tested experimentally. The ﬁnal section of the paper looks at phenomena that preempt rendaku: moraic obstruent insertion and replacement of h with w.
Rendaku in Okinawan
Authors: Serafim Leon A.
Published: June 2016

This paper provides a thorough synchronic and diachronic account of rendaku in the Shuri dialect of Okinawan, which is the best documented variety in the Ryukyuan branch of the Japonic family. Rendaku in Shuri Okinawan is abundant, and its phonetic manifestation is very similar to that in Tokyo “standard” Japanese. Since many Shuri words exhibiting rendaku have no Japanese cognates, rendaku was not introduced into Okinawan by borrowings from Japanese but was a characteristic of proto-Japonic (the common ancestor of Ryukyuan and Japanese). One particularly interesting historical development in the Shuri dialect is that some elements in which sound change eliminated a medial voiced obstruent lost their immunity to rendaku because Lyman’s Law no longer applied.
Rendaku in cross-linguistic perspective
Authors: Labrune Laurence
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this paper is to document rendaku-like devices in languages other than Japanese and to cast a comparative and typological eye on the phenomena involved. Two cases are extensively discussed: Korean sai-sios, whose exponents are tensiﬁcation, nasalization, or t-insertion, and Basque lotura, whose exponents are devoicing, affrication, or t-insertion. The paper also reviews seven other unrelated languages which possess similar compounding devices: Slave, Movima, Kanamari, Malagasy, Nivkh, Nêlêmwa, and Malayalam. It is argued that rendaku-like elements should be recognized as featural linking elements (FLE), a subtype of linking elements, whose featural nature induces a number of speciﬁc properties. To conclude, the paper addresses some issues speciﬁc to Japanese rendaku which can arguably receive new insights thanks to the cross-linguistic and typological investigation.
On the establishment of ergative alignment during the Late Middle Indo-Aryan period
Authors: Bubenik Vit
Published: June 2016

I will argue that the Late Middle Indo-Aryan period (7–11th c.) was the crucial period for the establishment of ergative alignment as known from contemporary West Indo-Aryan languages (Bubenik 1998). I will demonstrate that the syncretism of case leading to the appearance of the absolutive case in the nominal system was caused by phonological change, while the way case marking alignment was distributed over the pronominal system can primarily be attributed to the effects of animacy. On the verbal side the increase in ergativity came as a consequence of the ultimate demise of the old aspectual forms. I will endorse a ‘contingency view’ of alignment (Dixon 1994, Haig 2008) which considers the increase in ergativity as a mere ‘by-product’ of the restoration by analytic means of the old aspectual triad.