bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tartu Riiklik Ülikool julgeolekuorganite huviorbiidis 1950. aastal [Abstract: Tartu State University in the sphere of interest of the state security organs in 1950]
Authors: Tannberg Tõnu
Published: May 2020

Abstract: Tartu State University in the sphere of interest of the state security organs in 1950

After the re-occupation of Estonia in 1944, the Soviets launched an extensive and diverse process of Sovietisation for building a new society. An important instrument in this campaign was the struggle that had been unleashed against so-called bourgeois nationalism. This ‘struggle’ culminated with the notorious 8th Plenum of the Central Committee of the Estonian Communist (Bolshevik) Party that was held in March of 1950, where the former Communist Party leader of the Estonian SSR Nikolai Karotamm was removed from his post and the campaign for purging ‘anti- Soviet elements’ from various spheres of life, which had already began in the first year of Soviet occupation, was given even more of a free hand.

In the eyes of the regime, the Tartu State University of that time was also an important ‘nest of bourgeois nationalism’, for which reason it is not surprising that the state security organs demonstrated greater than usual interest in that institution. At the end of the 1940s, the 5th Section of the Tartu Department of the Estonian SSR Ministry of State Security scrutinised the university with the personal participation of the section head and a state security senior operative officer.49 The thorough ‘mapping’ of the university’s staff was carried out by the state security organs in the early spring of 1950. As a result of this, several lengthy reports were completed that provide an overview of the university’s network of agents and the ‘littering’ of the university ‘with anti-Soviet elements’. Yet these reports contain other interesting information. Valentin Moskalenko, who had only just been appointed Minister of State Security of the Estonian SSR at the start of 1950, reported to Moscow on the prevailing situation at the university in June of 1950.50 Yet it was not until September of that year that he notified the leadership of the Estonian SSR headed by Johannes (Ivan) Käbin, who ascended to power in March of 1950.51 It is noteworthy that statistical data on the network of agents operating at the university was also added to the end of the report sent to Moscow, but Käbin was not informed of that.

V. Moskalenko’s report that was sent to Moscow is published below along with essential commentaries. Jaan Isotamm (1939–2014) translated and commented on this document within the framework of a long-past research project of the compiler of this publication. The compiler of this publication has also previously published a separate article that draws on the above-mentioned reports.
The change in the intensity of symptoms in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder after “Workshops for Parents of Hyperactive Children”
Authors: Pisula Agnieszka , Bryńska Anita , Wójtowicz Stanisław , Srebnicki Tomasz , Wolańczyk Tomasz
Published: May 2020

Cel pracy

Ocena zmian w zakresie nasilenia objawów ADHD u dzieci i młodzieży, których rodzice uczestniczyli w ‘Warsztatach dla rodziców dzieci nadpobudliwych’.

Metoda

grupę eksperymentalną stanowili rodzice n=199 dzieci i młodzieży z rozpoznaniem ADHD, uczestniczący w 12-tygodniowym programie warsztatowym, grupę odniesienia rodzice n=24 dzieci i młodzieży z ADHD, uczestniczący w czasie 12-tygodni w 1-2 standardowych wizytach lekarskich (treatment as usual). Metoda: w czasie pierwszego i ostatniego spotkania warsztatowego poproszono o wypełnienie kwestionariuszy: CBCL oraz Conners-IOWA-10 (ocena dziecka przez rodzica), TRF oraz Conners-RCTRS-28 (ocena dziecka przez nauczyciela/wychowawcę), YRS (ocena dokonana przez dziecko, jeśli ukończyło 11 r.ż.). Dzieci i młodzież z grupy odniesienia poddano takiej samej, dwukrotnej ocenie po pierwszej wizycie w poradni i po 12 tygodniach.

Wyniki

osoby uczestniczące w programie warsztatów byli w większości rodzicami chłopców z rozpoznaniem podtypu mieszanego ADHD ze współwystępującymi lub bez opozycyjno-buntowniczych zaburzeń zachowania oraz podtypu ADHD z przewagą zaburzeń uwagi. W grupie eksperymentalnej istotne zmniejszenie nasilenia objawów wykazano dla ocen matek we wszystkich skalach Conners-IOWA-10 oraz w następujących skalach CBCL: Problemy społeczne, Zaburzenia uwagi, Zachowania agresywne, Zachowania eksternalizacyjne oraz w zakresie Wyniku całkowitego. Poprawa była niezależna od rodzaju ustalonego rozpoznania oraz prowadzonego leczenia farmakologicznego.

Wnioski

oceniany program prowadzi do redukcji nasilenia objawów w umiarkowanym lub małym zakresie, niezależnie od podtypu zaburzenia, współwystępujących opozycyjno-buntowniczych zaburzeń zachownia, a także stosowanej, lub też nie, farmakoterapii.
Scapholunate Dissociation: Current Concepts of the Treatments
Authors: Chae Seungbum , Roh Youn-Tae , Park Il-Jung
Published: May 2020

Scapholunate dissociation is the most common cause of the wrist pain and instability and typically results from scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) injury. It is difficult for surgeons to diagnose the SLIL injury due to its complex anatomy and biomechanics. The natural history of the SLIL injury is still not fully understood as most of the SLIL injuries are not detected in their acute stage. Careful physical examination and radiologic evaluation are essential aspects of SLIL injury diagnosis. We should consider five conditions to evaluate SLIL injuries: the integrity of the dorsal SLIL, the healing potential of the disrupted ligament, the alignment of the scaphoid, the reducibility of the carpal malalignment, and the cartilage condition. In this review, the stages classified based on these conditions and the current treatments according to each stage will be described in detail.
The Effect of Patent Protection on Inventor Mobility
Authors: Melero Eduardo , Palomeras Neus , Wehrheim David
Published: May 2020

This article investigates the effect of patent protection on the mobility of early-career employee-inventors. Using data on patent applications filed at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office between 2001 and 2012 and examiner leniency as a source of exogenous variation in patent protection, we find that one additional patent granted decreases the likelihood of changing employers, on average, by 23%. This decrease is stronger when the employee has fewer coinventors, works outside the core of the firm, and produces more basic-research innovations. These findings are consistent with the idea that patents turn innovation-related skills into patent-holder-specific human capital.

This paper was accepted by Ashish Arora, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Going alone and taking the independent route: new insights on female candidate emergence
Authors: Buckley Fiona
Published: May 2020

Using a novel approach – examining independent women and comparing them with their party counterparts – this article offers new insights on the emergence, recruitment and election of women candidates, within and beyond political parties. To date, studies of gender, candidate recruitment and institutions have concentrated on parties and party women. These studies highlight the gendered aspects of party candidate recruitment and conclude that parties are gatekeepers of women’s candidacy. This article finds that beyond party boundaries, the emergence and election of independent women is circumscribed by individual, institutional and political culture dynamics that have consequences for independent women’s candidacy. The independent route is no less gendered or more advantageous a pathway for women’s candidacy.
Laser-induced plasma in water at high pressures up to 40 MPa: A time-resolved study
Authors: Tian Ye , Li Ying , Wang Lintao , Huang Fuzhen , Lu Yuan , Guo Jinjia , Zheng Ronger
Published: May 2020

The knowledge on the laser-induced plasma emission in water at high pressures is essential for the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in the deep-sea. In this work, we investigate the spectral features of ionic, atomic and molecular emissions for the plasma in water at different pressures from 1 to 40 MPa. By comparing between the time-resolved spectra and shadowgraph images, we demonstrate that the dynamics of the cavitation bubble at high pressures plays a key role on the characterization of plasma emission. The initial plasma emission depends weakly on the external pressure. As time evolves, the cavitation bubble is more compressed by the higher external pressure, leading to a positive confinement effect to maintain the plasma emission. However, at very high pressures, the bubble collapses extremely fast and even earlier than the cooling of the plasma. The plasma will gain energy from the bubble collapse phase, but quench immediately after the collapse, leading to a sharp reduction in the plasma persistence. These effects caused by bubble dynamics explain well the observed spectral features and are further proved by the temporal evolutions of the plasma temperature and electron density. This work gives not only some insights into the laser-induced plasma and bubble dynamics in high pressure liquids but also better understanding for the application of underwater LIBS in the deep-sea.
Sparse representation of Brillouin spectrum using dictionary learning
Authors: Tan Hongxiu , Wu Hao , Shen Li , Zhao Can , Li Kangjie , Zhang Maoqi , Fu Songnian , Tang Ming
Published: May 2020

Distributed optical fiber Brillouin sensors can monitor the temperature and strain along a fiber by estimating the Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) according to the measured Brillouin spectrum. The system performance is highly dependent on the algorithm of BFS extraction. The well-established Lorentz curve fitting (LCF) method is generally employed because the Brillouin spectrum theoretically satisfies a Lorentz shape. Recently, machine-learning methods have been proposed for more effective BFS extraction, but they have some drawbacks and limitations. The machine-learning algorithms require a large amount of data and high computing power to find suitable extraction methods. However, with prior knowledge, Brillouin spectrum can be treated as a regular signal that requires only three degrees of freedom to define. The unique sparsity characteristics of Brillouin spectrum have not been well studied or exploited. In this paper, we propose a sparse representation method for Brillouin spectrum that extracts three sparse features of the Brillouin spectrum through the dictionary-learning algorithm (K-means singular value decomposition). The correlation between the sparse coefficient and the BFS is experimentally calibrated and verified. The accuracy of the proposed algorithm is comparable to that of LCF, and its processing is six times faster. This sparse representation method for Brillouin spectra is promising as an alternative universal BFS extraction method for distributed Brillouin sensors.
Generation of laser chaos with wide-band flat power spectrum in a circular-side hexagonal resonator microlaser with optical feedback
Authors: Wang Yixuan , Jia Zhiwei , Gao Zhensen , Xiao Jinlong , Wang Longsheng , Wang Yuncai , Huang Yongzhen , Wang Anbang
Published: May 2020

We numerically demonstrate the generation of wide-band laser chaos with flat power spectrum in a 2D circular-side hexagonal resonator (CSHR) microlaser subject to long-cavity optical feedback. The bandwidth and flatness of the chaotic power spectrum are investigated under different bias currents and optical feedback rates. Under low bias current, the bandwidth under an optimized optical feedback rate increases obviously as raising bias current and the power spectrum flatten simultaneously. Under high bias current, the optimized bandwidth gradually tends toward stabilization, with corresponding flatness less than 5 dB. We compare the chaotic power spectra with small-signal modulation response (SSR) curves under different bias currents. It can be concluded that wide-band and flat SSR indicates wide-band and flat chaotic power spectrum. This work argues that we can enhance laser chaos by using a laser device with wide-band and flat SSR and simple optical feedback configuration, which is significantly beneficial to synchronization-based applications including chaos communication and key distribution
Broadband continuous/discrete spectrum optical absorber using graphene-wrapped fractal oligomers
Authors: Raad Shiva Hayati , Atlasbaf Zahra
Published: May 2020

In this paper, a second-order fractal oligomer constructed by graphene-coated cylindrical nano-rods is proposed as the unit cell of a wideband optical absorber. Nano-rods have resided on a dielectric substrate with a thick metallic mirror. The fractional bandwidth of the designed structure is 88.67% for the absorption above 90%. Broadband absorption originates from the cooperative excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of the bottom, top, and lateral surfaces of the rods, engineered by the geometrical parameters through the fractal concept. Designed full absorber has an acceptable performance concerning the incident angles up to around 35° and it is polarization insensitive. Moreover, broadband absorption can be altered to multi-band performance in the same spectrum with the desired number of frequency bands. This feature is obtained by manipulating the substrate thickness to excite multiple orders of Fabry-Perot cavity resonances. Our proposed structure has potential applications in various optical devices such as filters, sensors, and modulators.
Observation of doubly periodic solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in optical fibers
Authors: Vanderhaegen Guillaume , Szriftgiser Pascal , Naveau Corentin , Kudlinski Alexandre , Conforti Matteo , Trillo Stefano , Akhmediev Nail , Mussot Arnaud
Published: May 2020

We report the first, to the best of our knowledge, experimental
observation of doubly periodic first-order solutions of the nonlinear
Schrödinger equation in optical fibers. We confirm, experimentally,
the existence of

A

-type and

B

-type solutions. This is done by using
the initial conditions that consist of a strong pump and two weak
sidebands. The evolution of power and phase of the main spectral
components is recorded using heterodyne time-domain reflectometry.
Another important part of our experiment is active loss compensation.
We reach a good agreement between theory and experiment.
Las capacidades internacionales de los entes subnacionales en Argentina y en Italia. Un análisis comparado
Authors: Cabeza Marta Graciela
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN: La situación de los entes subnacionales italianos en cuanto a sus capacidades internacionales ha ido evolucionando en las dos últimas décadas del siglo XX para verse reflejada finalmente en las Leyes Bassanini y en la reforma constitucional del 2001 que refuerzan el federalismo. Los cambios en la misma dirección también pueden ser identificados en Argentina desde fines de la década de 1980 hasta nuestros días. La atribución de mayores márgenes de acción para las provincias y regiones se ha utilizado para proponer y actuar iniciativas que algunas veces complementan el accionar de los Estados centrales y otras abren caminos innovadores. De una comparación de las capacidades externas de los entes subnacionales en ambos países surge la convicción de que el «poder externo» otorgado a los mismos en principio es similar, avanzando un poco más la legislación italiana al desligar de los principios fundamentales que el Estado determina, a las actividades de competencia exclusiva de las regiones.ABSTRACT: The situation of the Italian sub-national entities, as far as its international capabilities, has been evolving in the last two decades of the XXth century. This reflected in the Bassanini’s Laws and the constitutional amendment of 2001, both of which have reinforced «federalism» even though Italy is not a federal State. Changes like these can also be identified in Argentina since late 1980’s until today. Therefore, the amendment of the constitutional chart of 1996 took into account those demands. When getting more freedom to act, provinces and regions have used it to generate initiatives but also to complement the national State’s activities. Both Italian regions and Argentinean provinces have been using this new broader power. They complement the Nation-State traditional role and also carry on innovating actions. When comparing external capabilities or competences of the sub-national entities in both Italy an Argentina, the «external power» given to them seem to look similar. However, the Italian legislation came forward when separating from the fundamental principles the State determines, the activities of exclusive competence of the regions.
Movimientos urbanos y desempoderamiento en Perú y Venezuela
Authors: Levine Daniel H. , Romero Catalina
Published: May 2020

Este artículo plantea un puzzle principal: ¿por qué la movilización ciudadana continuada viene acompañada de un crecimiento del desempoderamiento de estos mismos ciudadanos? ¿Por qué los movimientos fracasan, los líderes se desgastan y los miembros se dispersan, y cuáles son las implicaciones del fracaso organizativo para la representación democrática? Nuestra consideración del asunto encuentra sus raíces en un profundo análisis de los movimientos urbanos, de la movilización, del empoderamiento y del desempoderamiento en la experiencia reciente de Venezuela y Perú. Después de una breve explicación de los movimientos ciudadanos urbanos y de la política en nuestros dos casos, concretaremos unas reflexiones generales sobre la naturaleza de ese proceso, y sobre la peculiar combinación de fortalezas y fragilidades que determinan muchos movimientos contemporáneos. Seguiremos con un examen de los tipos de movimientos y de sus vínculos con los partidos políticos y las protestas. Las características de la vida urbana son muy importantes en este contexto. Concluiremos con el análisis de las recientes oleadas de movilizaciones urbanas en Perú (que provocaron la salida del presidente Alberto Fujimori) y en Venezuela (ambas a favor y en contra del presidente Hugo Chávez Frías), y con algunas reflexiones sobre el futuro más probable del empoderamiento y desempoderamiento de los ciudadanos urbanos y sobre las implicaciones de esta perspectiva para la representación democrática.
Cambio o continuismo: una interpretación de la política económica del gobierno de Lula
Authors: Moreira Cunha André , Da Silva Bichara Julimar
Published: May 2020

En el primer año de gobierno, la administración de Lula implantó una política macroeconómica caracterizada por una fuerte restricción fiscal y monetaria y por reformas estructurales (tributaria y de la seguridad social) criticadas por el Partido de los Trabajadores y por sus bases de apoyo social en las dos últimas décadas. Teniendo en cuenta estos hechos y la expectativa internacional generada por la elección de un gobierno de «izquierda» en Brasil frente a la crisis del modelo neoliberal en América Latina, este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar: (i) las circunstancias económicas del principio del gobierno Lula que condicionaron la adopción de una «estrategia de transición»; (ii) los resultados de esta estrategia; y (iii) los aspectos de continuidad y cambio en el nuevo gobierno. Son presentadas evidencias empíricas que sostienen que el margen de maniobra de la nueva administración era sensiblemente estrecho como para promover profundos cambios en la conducción de la política económica. Sin embargo, aparte de aquellas restricciones, heredadas del ajuste liberalizante de la década de 1990, el gobierno optó por la adopción de un conjunto de políticas que podrá generar una nueva trampa de bajo crecimiento con inestabilidad macroeconómica, en los términos de lo experimentado en la década pasada.
Perfil de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos de bactérias patogênicas humanas isoladas de leite cru
Authors: Silva Reginara Teixeira da , Lopes Joyce Bitencourt Athayde , Oliveira Kleydejany Lima Lemos de , Ribeiro Júnior José Carlos , Beloti Vanerli
Published: May 2020

A presença de bactérias no leite cru, associada ao possível uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos no gado leiteiro, pode influenciar no surgimento de bactérias resistentes. O perfil de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos de seis cepas bacterianas patogênicas, isoladas de leite cru do estado do Maranhão (Acinetobacter septicus, Hafnia alvei, Lactococcus garvieae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pantoea spp. e Klebsiella spp.), foi avaliado neste estudo por meio do teste de antibiograma por difusão de disco em Ágar Müeller Hinton, e para a interpretação das categorias de sensibilidade foram utilizados os critérios previamente estabelecidos. O antimicrobiano com menor eficiência foi a lincomicina, onde 83,33 % das cepas apresentaram resistência. A gentamicina e a tetraciclina apresentaram 100% de eficiência frente os isolados deste estudo. Klebsiella spp. destacara-se por apresentar resistência >50% aos antimicrobianos testados. No entanto, observou-se multirresistência em 50% dos isolados: Hafnia alvei, Pantoea spp. e Klebsiella spp. Os resultados verificados demonstram a multirresistência de patógenos de grande importância para a saúde pública, e o leite cru como uma possível fonte de veiculação desses micro-organismos multirresistentes.
Caracterização Hidrogeológica do Aquífero Freático da Unidade 3 da Univiçosa
Authors: Cândido Miranda Edson Henrique , Anselmo da Mata Rafles , Pereira Luana Cláudia
Published: May 2020

Diante do avanço das simulações de águas subterrâneas nos últimos anos como forma de propor soluções para gestão de recursos hídricos, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo a elaboração de um modelo hidrogeológico conceitual para o aquífero freático da Unidade 3 da Univiçosa, em que foi analisado o rebaixamento do nível de água do lençol freático através dos dados de bombeamento dos poços existentes no local e obtidos os parâmetros hidrodinâmicos do aquífero através do software Aquifer Test. Também foram realizadas análises potenciométricas dos poços bem como a relação entre a precipitação e a recarga do aquífero por intermédio de campanhas de monitoramento dos níveis de água estático e dinâmico dos poços e do regime de precipitação da região no intuito de se compreender o comportamento do lençol freático da região. Foi verificado que houve diferentes respostas ao bombeamento para os poços denominados “Frente Esquerda” e “Fundos Direita”, este último devido a um pequeno lago em sua proximidade. Durante a recuperação ambos os poços se comportaram de maneira semelhante em que os níveis de água atingiram valores acima dos medidos antes dos testes de bombeamento, porém com o poço “Fundos Direita” atingindo valores muito acima, por volta de 1,75 m a mais do que o nível medido antes do teste de bombeamento. Os valores dos parâmetros hidrodinâmicos encontrados foram: Transmissividade (T) 1,0 x 10-3 m2/s, Condutividade Hidráulica (K) 4,17 x 10-5 m/s e Armazenamento (S) 1,0 x 10-4. Estes valores permitiram a obtenção do Raio de influência dos poços sendo possível constatar a não sobreposição dos cones de rebaixamento entre os poços “Frente Esquerda” e “Fundos Direita”. A análise potenciométrica permitiu verificar o comportamento do fluxo de água entre os poços, incluindo um terceiro denominado “Residencial”, sendo constatado que em regime estacionário a água flui dos poços de maior para os de menor cota altimétrica e em regime transitório, quando há bombeamento, ela flui em direção aos poços. A análise da relação entre a precipitação e a recarga do aquífero não foi significativa, mostrando pequenas variações nos níveis estáticos da água dos poços em períodos chuvosos, o que leva a crer que a quantidade de água precipitada e o período de monitoramento não foram suficientes para constatar alterações nos níveis de água do lençol freático. Por fim, foi constatado que a explotação de água dos poços não compromete a quantidade de água no local, visto que não há interferência entre eles, porém recomenda-se a execução de sondagens nas proximidades dos poços para melhor caracterização dos mesmos e ampliação do período de monitoramento para melhor conhecimento do comportamento do aquífero freático local por meio da elaboração de um modelo hidrogeológico matemático.
The Power of Place in Play
Authors: Ergler Christina R.
Published: May 2020

»There's nothing really fun about the park in winter!« - Christina Ergler is the first one to explore why ›play‹ resonates differently across urban localities and seasons. She draws on Bourdieu's theory of practice and Gibson's affordance theory to show that determinants of seasonal outdoor play transcend modifiable barriers such as traffic and unsuitable play spaces as well as the inevitable issue of inclement weather. In contrast, seasonal play determinants are grounded in locally constituted beliefs about what is seasonally ›appropriate‹ children's activity. To foster a healthier and more sustainable life for children, outdoor play needs to become convenient all-year-round in all locations.
Humor, Mockery and Defamation in Western Sahara
Authors: Boulay Sébastien , Dahmi Mohamed
Published: May 2020

Looking at humor in a context of conflict, tragedy and suffering can seem surprising and even morally inappropriate. However, when one begins to examine the artistic production which circulates on the Web in Western Sahara and in the Saharawi society, one realizes quite quickly that humor and derision occupy a significant place there; these registers make it possible to convey and accept by the public (s) sensitive subjects which would not be raised publicly in any other way. The emergence of new media, which rely heavily on images, has probably pushed artists to introduce certain innovations in their performances, to reach new audiences with laughter. In order to better understand the role, the forms but also the constraints of humorous performance in contemporary Saharawi political life, the text examines three works (poem-operetta, One Man Show and video clip), which seem particularly new regarding the classical Sahrawi artistic production.
From Kuwait's Margins to Tolaytila's Mainstream
Authors: Hubail Fatema
Published: May 2020

Fatema Hubail, in her chapter, explores the case of the Kuwaiti group of comedians, Sheno Ya3ni or »so what« in colloquial Arabic, and the ways in which they engage the boundaries of their social positioning through the use of satire. By analyzing narratives and discourse used in each of the episodes, Hubail explains that most episodes position Tolaytila as a dystopian state-one with an image of serenity, peace, and freedom of speech, but a reality of social restrictions, gendered and cultural subjectivities, and an »all-seeing« state that monitors its citizens. This research explores how Sheno Ya3ni challenge their social positioning as Kuwaiti citizens specifically, and Khaleeji citizens more generally through their content. Through satire, Sheno Ya3ni create and control their own definitions and understandings of themselves as members of the Kuwaiti and larger khaleeji social fabric, and how they engage with these social realities in a public space. This paper argues that the use of the group's YouTube channel (and other social media platforms) as a discursive space that blurs the distinction between online/offline public spaces, making the fictional content represented on the group's channel a reflection of social realities (exaggerated as a means of critiquing these realities). This research relies heavily on discourse and narratives emerging through the comedians' engagement with aesthetics, space, and identity, as observed through their characterizations, narratives, and events taking place in the fictional land of Tolaytila. These categories are examined through the lens of Rancière's dissensus to deconstruct how the group perform offline resistance through online satire and fiction, and to what extent that resistance remains challenged and limited by the state authorities they belong to.
Am grünen Strand der Spree - So gut wie ein Künstlerroman
Authors: Magen Antonie
Published: May 2020

Antonie Magen widmet sich in ihrem Beitrag der Frage, inwieweit es sich bei »Am grünen Strand der Spree« um einen Künstlerroman handelt. Ausgehend von der Beobachtung, dass Kunst eines der zentralen Themen des Romans ist, zeichnet sie das künstlerische (Selbst-)Verständnis von Hans Scholz nach. Dabei analysiert sie seinen Rückgriff auf historische Kunstkonzepte wie z. B. die progressive Universalpoesie der Frühromantiker, oder Lessings »Ut pictura poesis«-Frage vor dem Hintergrund der Kunstdiskussionen der unmittelbaren Nachkriegszeit. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass Hans Scholz mit seinem Roman eine ganz eigene Antwort auf die Frage gibt, wie Kunst nach dem Holocaust überhaupt noch aussehen kann.
Der große Boogie-Woogie aus der Macht des Schicksals
Authors: Heck Stephanie , Lang Simon
Published: May 2020

Stephanie Heck und Simon Lang beschäftigen sich mit Musik als semantischem Komplex und Gestaltungsmittel in Fritz Umgelters Fernsehmehrteiler. Vor dem Hintergrund der musikhistorischen Entwicklungen in den 1950er Jahren wird die filmische Darstellung von Musik auf die Filmmusik der einzelnen Folgen im Gesamtzusammenhang der Serie bezogen. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass die Musik ähnlich wie in Scholz' Roman poetologisch das Programm des fünfteiligen Werks vermittelt: das einer Aufheiterung, die weltanschauliche wie künstlerische Verabsolutierung desavouiert. Zugleich fungiert Musik als intraserielles Kohäsionsmittel, über das die zentrale Idee eines zyklischen Weltenlaufs transportiert wird.
Calon-Welten
Authors: Vilar Márcio
Published: May 2020

In ganz Brasilien leben die mehrere Minderheiten umfassenden Calen, die seit Jahrhunderten vielfältige und intensive Beziehungen mit anderen Einwohnern Brasiliens pflegen. Während sich ihre unterscheidenden Merkmale im Laufe der Zeit ändern, behaupten sich die Calen als »Ciganos« invariabel weiter, wobei gelegentlich Reibungen zwischen ihnen und Nichtciganos entstehen. Eine Besonderheit besteht in ihren Bestattungsbräuchen, die mehrere Nichtciganos als problematisch ansehen. Doch wie gehen Ciganos in Brasilien mit Tod und Trauer um? Wie sehen die entsprechenden Rituale aus und welchen Einfluss haben sie auf die kulturelle Souveränität der Calen? Márcio Vilars ethnologische Untersuchung widmet sich diesen Fragen, wobei er auf die Beziehungen zwischen den Trauerritualen der Calen und ihrer Konstruktion einer eigenen Calon-Welt inmitten der Welten von anderen als Vida Cigana fokussiert.
Hilbigs Meuselwitz. Von der schwierigen Beziehung zwischen einer Kleinstadt und ihrem größten Dichter
Authors: Dahlke Birgit
Published: May 2020

Als Max Wolfgang Hilbig am 31. August 1941 in Meuselwitz, einem Industriestädtchen im sächsisch-thüringischen Braunkohlerevier vierzig Kilometer südlich von Leipzig, geboren wird, ist der Vater, Schneider von Beruf, an der Front. Die Mutter Marianne Hilbig, geborene Startek, bewohnt ein Zimmer im Haus ihrer Eltern. Auch wenn der Dichter Hilbig die längste Zeit seines Lebens in Meuselwitz verbrachte, hat er für die Kleinstadt nie wirklich Heimatgefühle aufbringen können. Daheim sei es ihm immer unheimlich erschienen, lautet ein Schlüsselsatz. Zugleich kommt dem Ort »M.« in seiner umfangreichen Prosa und Lyrik ein zentraler Status zu. Nicht nur die persönliche Erfahrung einer Sozialisation in der Nachkriegsprovinz geht in die literarische Topographie ein, auch die Hilbig-typische bildmächtige Kreativität und Lust an der Übertreibung. Ein historisch belegter Fakt wie die Zwangsarbeit der Häftlinge des KZ Buchenwald in den Hallen des Rüstungskonzerns der Hugo-Schneider-AG (HSAG) am Stadtrand hinterlässt, vermittelt über das vom Kind in direkter Nachbarschaft erlebte angstbesetzte Schweigen der Erwachsenen, unübersehbar Spuren in Hilbigs Texten. Die Art der Kontextualisierung und symbolischen Aufladung von »M.« hat in der Heimatstadt des Büchnerpreisträgers lange vehemente Abwehr ausgelöst. Obwohl Hilbig seine 1919 geborene Mutter auch nach seiner Ausreise aus der DDR und bis in seine letzten Lebensjahre regelmäßig in Meuselwitz besuchte, fanden die Kleinstadt und ihr Dichter bis zu seinem frühen Tod nicht zueinander.
Refeudalisierung und Rechtsruck
Authors: Kaltmeier Olaf
Published: May 2020

Weltweit ist eine Konjunktur der Refeudalisierung zu verzeichnen: Milliardäre werden Staatspräsidenten, der Luxuskonsum steigt ebenso dramatisch an wie soziale Ungleichheiten und es entsteht eine Kultur politischer und sozio-ökonomischer Abschottung. In Lateinamerika ist diese Tendenz zudem mit einem markanten Rechtsruck in der politischen Sphäre verbunden, der - symbolisiert im Aufstieg weißer, reicher Männer - Indigene, Arme und Feministen zunehmend diffamiert. Mit seiner Refeudalisierungs-Hypothese liefert Olaf Kaltmeier einen kohärenten Interpretationsrahmen, um die Phänomene des Gesellschaftswandels verständlich zu machen, die wir im frühen 21. Jahrhundert global durchleben und die in Lateinamerika ganz spezifische regionale Ausdrucksformen annehmen.
Generative Bildarbeit
Authors: Brandner Vera
Published: May 2020

Wir alle sind Fotografie! Wir fotografieren, betrachten Fotos, sind darauf abgebildet und verwenden sie. Die Fotografie berührt und verstört, sie verbindet und trennt, sie beweist und ist vieldeutig. Vera Brandner nutzt in der generativen Bildarbeit das Beziehungshafte, das Ambivalente und das Undisziplinierte der Fotografie für Bildungs- und Forschungsprozesse. Die Fotografie wird dabei zum transdisziplinären Praxisfeld, bei dem auf prozesshafte und partizipative Weise die Beteiligten und ihre generativen Themen in den Fokus rücken. Anhand der Bilder, dem Betrachten und Diskutieren werden die Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmungen erkundet sowie Kategorien sozialer Grenzziehung hinterfragt. Forschen und Lernen gehen dabei Hand in Hand und werden als Erkenntnis- und Transformationsprozesse wirksam.
Intersexualität im Sport
Authors: Krämer Dennis
Published: May 2020

Mit der Geschlechtszugehörigkeit ist eine spezifische Vorstellung von körperlicher Leistungsfähigkeit verbunden. Im Sport zeigt sich diese darin, dass eine Trennung in Männer und Frauen als grundlegende Voraussetzung erachtet wird, um fairen Wettbewerb zu ermöglichen. Doch was bedeutet eine solche Trennung für intersexuelle Sportler*innen, die sich schon körperlich der Zweigeschlechterordnung entziehen? Dennis Krämer arbeitet aus soziologischer, medizinischer und sexualwissenschaftlicher Perspektive die existierenden Vorstellungen über Intersexualität als zeitgenössische Körperpolitiken heraus und reflektiert ihre Entstehung unter Berücksichtigung der gesellschaftlichen Verhältnisse.
Let Them Haunt Us
Authors: Werner Anna-Lena
Published: May 2020

Let Them Haunt Us analyzes contemporary aesthetics engaged in trauma and critically challenges its canonical status as »unrepresentable«. Focusing on case studies in the aesthetic practices of Janet Cardiff and George Bures Miller, Omer Fast, Forensic Architecture, and Paul McCarthy this book proposes to redefine trauma as a productive framework to exploring individual, collective, and cultural conflicts addressed in current artistic and curatorial practices. Anna-Lena Werner considers the aesthetic realm as a potential forum that provides methods of understanding the humanitarian consequences of violence and warfare, and to reveal the effects of trauma on visual culture, collective memory, and politics.
Urheberrecht und offene Lizenzen im wissenschaftlichen Publikationsprozess
Authors: Scholger Walter
Published: May 2020

Forschende und Studierende an Universitäten, Bildungs- und Gedächtnisinstitutionen stehen stets in einem Spannungsverhältnis zwischen ihrem eigenen wissenschaftlichen Schaffen und jenem fremden Schaffen, das im Forschungsprozess rezipiert und reflektiert werden muss. Diese Doppelrolle als Autorinnen und Autoren sowie Benutzerinnen und Benutzer und der gerechte Ausgleich zwischen den Interessen beider Parteien ist Aufgabe des Urheberrechts, d.h. die Definition der Rechte der Urheberinnen und Urheber auf der einen und von konkreten Ausnahmen für den Forschungs- und Bildungsbereich auf der anderen Seite. Dieser Beitrag erläutert die wichtigsten Grundbegriffe des Urheberrechts und die zulässigen freien Werknutzungen im Rahmen von Forschung und Lehre sowie die Vergabe von offenen Lizenzen (im Speziellen Creative Commons) zur Nachnutzung ihrer Werke durch die Autorinnen und Autoren.
Landesbühnen als Reformmodell
Authors: Schröck Katharina M.
Published: May 2020

Landesbühnen als Institution der Darstellenden Künste mit Reiseauftrag sind ein einzigartiges Konstrukt: Im Kerngeschäft der Kunst verpflichtet, agieren sie auf dem Gastspielmarkt, um der breiten Bevölkerung Theater zu ermöglichen. Teilhabegerechtigkeit ist ihre Existenzberechtigung, flächendeckende Grundversorgung ihre Begründung. Welche Konzepte liegen dieser Theaterarbeit zugrunde? Welche Rolle spielt dabei Partizipation? Und wo gibt es Diskrepanzen zwischen kulturpolitischer Idee und theaterpraktischer Realität? Erstmalig widmet sich eine Analyse umfassend dem Modell Landesbühne. Ausgehend von Fallbeispielen und Experteninterviews generiert Katharina M. Schröck dabei Erkenntnisse für Reformen der Theaterlandschaft.
»Deaf President Now«
Authors: Gropper Max
Published: May 2020

Max Gropper analysiert in seinem Beitrag die Gehörlosenproteste an der Gallaudet University in Washington D.C. 1988 anhand des theoretischen Konzepts des »Exposures« von Hentschel und Krasmann. Die Betrachtung der Gehörlosenbewegung und ihres Protests gegen einen hörenden Paternalismus im Jahr 1988 zeigt eines der Schlüsselmomente in der Emanzipation gehörloser Menschen, indem eine bis dahin marginalisierte Gruppe aktiv in die Öffentlichkeit tritt und dadurch unterdrückende Strukturen in der Gesellschaft offenlegt und infrage stellt.
Diversität und Architektur
Authors: Weber Anna Marijke
Published: May 2020

Migrantisch initiierte Architektur findet sich auch in profanen Lebensbereichen unserer Gesellschaft. Anna Marijke Weber untersucht auf Basis einer längerfristigen und vergleichenden Perspektive exemplarisch drei Beispiele: ein Eiscafé, eine Teestube und eine Shishabar. Ihre empirisch dichte zeichnerische und textliche Betrachtung wird von ausgewählten Arbeiten aus Architekturtypologie und Kulturwissenschaften gerahmt, die sie kritisch liest und miteinander ins Gespräch bringt, um ein angemessenes Verstehenskonzept zu definieren. Im Zentrum stehen dabei Entwurfsprozesse, räumliche Entwicklung und der Beitrag zu planerischen sowie weiteren gesellschaftlichen Themenfeldern.
Im Rauschen der Schweizer Alpen
Authors: Jäggi Patricia
Published: May 2020

Einschalten, Sender suchen und die Welt im Ohr haben: Internationales Radio prägte Politik und Alltag im Kalten Krieg. Patricia Jäggi untersucht mit Fokus auf dem Schweizer internationalen Sender die Blütezeit dieses globalen Mediums. Dazu versetzt sie sich in die Rolle von Radiohörer*innen und rekonstruiert mittels eines innovativen methodischen Zugangs damaliges auditives Erleben. Neben Tonarchivalien des Schweizer Senders aus den Jahren 1950 bis 1975, in denen die Alpen genauso journalistisch wie radiophon dargestellt wurden, wird die technische Übermittlung nachgestellt und damit auch die Geräuschwelt des Äthers als Teil des auditiven Erlebenshorizonts untersucht. Das Buch liefert neue Zusammenhänge zwischen Klangwelt, Kulturdiplomatie und Kosmopolitismus.
Visualität und Zugehörigkeit
Authors: Lemme Sebastian
Published: May 2020

Unser Blick auf Migration, Integration und Flucht wird maßgeblich von medialen Bildern mitbestimmt. Anhand von Fallbeispielen analysiert Sebastian Lemme hierzu dominante Darstellungs- und Repräsentationsmuster in der deutschen Medienberichterstattung zwischen 2006 und 2015. Dabei bezieht er postkoloniale und rassismuskritische Forschungsansätze ein und arbeitet heraus, wie ein »Othering« (»Differentmachen«) von Migrant*innen und Muslim*innen visuell verankert wird. Seine sozialsemiotisch fundierte Analyse verdeutlicht zugleich die Konstruktion von Selbstbildern und zeigt auf, welche tief greifenden Botschaften über Identität, Zugehörigkeit und Deutschsein visuell ausgehandelt werden.
Achtsamkeit als kulturelle Praxis
Authors: Schmidt Jacob
Published: May 2020

»Achtsamkeit« hat in den letzten 50 Jahren eine erstaunliche Popularität erlangt - getragen von blühenden Verheißungen und begleitet von pauschaler Kritik. Jacob Schmidts Analyse verschiedener Ansätze - etwa der von Jon Kabat-Zinn entwickelten Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) - zeigt jedoch, dass Achtsamkeitspraktiken ganz unterschiedliche Selbst- und Weltverhältnisse modellieren. Diese gehen nicht nur auf buddhistische Meditationspraktiken zurück, sondern lassen sich als komplexe Verflechtungen mit der Kultur der Moderne und der Beschleunigungsgesellschaft rekonstruieren. Hiermit liegt eine erste umfassende und systematische soziologische Studie zum populären Phänomen der Achtsamkeit vor.
Napoleon und der »Vaterländische Krieg« in Russland
Authors: Rapp Konstantin
Published: May 2020

Der Krieg Russlands gegen Napoleon im Jahr 1812 lieferte einen entscheidenden Impuls für die Herausbildung der russischen nationalen Identität. Anhand der Entwicklung der russischen historischen Prosa sowie am Beispiel der bisher kaum untersuchten pädagogischen, populärwissenschaftlichen und literarischen Geschichtsdarstellungen im Jubiläumsjahr 1912 lassen sich unterschiedliche Funktionen des Gedenkens an den »Vaterländischen Krieg« in Russland 100 Jahre später aufzeigen. Konstantin Rapps Analyse gewährt einen Einblick in die Konstruktion von Eigen- und Fremdbildern und vermittelt einen differenzierteren Blick auf das Verhältnis von Russland und dem Westen und somit auch auf aktuelle politische Prozesse.
Selection of Thermal Integrity Data Regression Parameters
Authors: Mullins Gray , Johnson Kevin R. , Winters Danny , Hilferding Hida , Kupselaitis Kurt
Published: May 2020

Thermal integrity profiling (TIP) is a nondestructive method of evaluating the as-built features of cast-in-place concrete foundation elements such as bored piles, drilled shafts, continuous flight auger piles, barrettes, dams, or diaphragm walls. The technology measures the temperature of curing concrete along the length of the element to detect the presence (or absence) of hydrating cement, alignment of the reinforcing steel, and rebar cover thickness. Like many integrity methods used for drilled shafts, direct comparison of local concrete conditions are made relative to the overall normal or average concrete conditions with two exceptions: the top and bottom of the element, which cannot be directly compared with the rest of the shaft temperature without adjusting those measurements to account for end effects. This paper outlines the selection of the end adjustment parameters to ensure the top and bottom shapes are properly defined. The presented data regression process is based on both numerical model findings as well as the statistical findings from 232 TIP-tested shafts on the same project.
Foam Concrete Pore Structure Effect on Drying Shrinkage and Frost Resistance
Authors: Gong Jianqing , Zhang Wenjie , Zhou Zihao
Published: May 2020

Foam concrete has two major shortcomings resulting primarily from pore structure: high drying shrinkage and weak frost resistance. This article reports on a study of how various water-cement ratios affect high drying shrinkage and weak frost resistance. Stereomicroscopy, acoustic wave, and nitrogen adsorption methods measured macroporous and microscopic pore structures to analyze drying shrinkage and frost resistance mechanisms. Drying shrinkage was shown to gradually increase as water-cement ratios increased from 0.4 to 0.7. This can be attributed to increased water loss via capillary holes and greater capillary tension. Frost resistance maximized at a water-cement ratio of 0.5. As the water-to-cement ratio increased from 0.4 to 0.5, accessible pores with an average size of 10–50 nm increased. The volume of harmful 50–200-nm pores and pores larger than 200 nm increased. When water-cement ratios increased from 0.5 to 0.7, the number of 0–200-μm pores decreased sharply, whereas pores larger than 400 μm increased dramatically.
The Sleep of Reason: Sleep and the Philosophical Soul in Ancient Greece
Authors: Wohl Victoria
Published: May 2020

Freud tracked the psyche along the paths of sleep, following the “royal road” of dreams. For the ancient Greeks, too, the psyche was revealed in sleep, not through the semiotics of dreams but through the peculiar state of being we occupy while asleep. As a “borderland between living and not living” (as Aristotle puts it), sleep offered unique access to the psukhē, that element within the self unassimilable to waking consciousness. This paper examines how Greek philosophers theorized the sleep state and the somnolent psukhē, focusing on Heraclitus, Plato, and Aristotle. Each of the three attempts to reclaim sleep for waking life and to join the sleeping soul to the philosophical self. But that attempt never fully succeeds. Instead sleep consistently emerges as a philosophical blindspot, a state that—unlike dreams—cannot be spoken by philosophy's logos nor fully illuminated by philosophical analysis.
Relationality, Fidelity, and the Event in Sappho
Authors: Matlock Andres
Published: May 2020

This article considers the conceptual significance of relationality in Sappho. It argues that Sappho's poetry reconstitutes systems of relation by making evident exceptions to their explanatory capacity. These exceptions can be profitably understood through the rubric of the “event.” Drawing in particular on the relational function of prepositions and Alain Badiou's philosophical work on the event, the article examines how “thinking prepositionally” alongside Sappho reveals both the relations that make up the situational world of her poetry as well as those evental moments of non-relation through which that world is impossibly transformed. The article concludes with considerations of Sapphic fidelity—that is, how Sappho's poetry realizes the transformative potential of the event—and the poet's articulation of the event through figures of preeminence and comparison.
Bibliographic Review Physical Activity Programs In Older Adults: Balance, Prevention Of Falls
Authors: Martínez-Moreno Alfonso , Ibáñez Pérez Ricardo José , López Garcia María Ángeles
Published: May 2020

The objective has been to collect, compare and elaborate a reference with scientific evidence, about the effectiveness of physical activity programs that help prevent falls in healthy older adults. The methodology chosen was a literature review based on the databases: PubMed, Scielo, Science Direct, Web of Science and Scopus. After filtering based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria designed ad hoc for the study, a total of 23 scientific articles were rescued. Thus, the validity of numerous protocols for the prevention of falls for elderly people has been proven, mainly constituted through exercise programs, seeking the improvement, mainly, of strength, balance, functionality and, indirectly, of the quality of life of the patient. All this, acts in a synergistic manner decreasing the appearance of accidental falls. However, it has also been possible to see the existence of numerous activities such as Pilates, Yoga, adapted Judo, exercises carried out in aquatic means or even Contemporary Dance, which have benefits in terms of prevention of falls, also having the incentive to be very easy to improve adherence to the program, being able to be inserted without too many difficulties in its day to day, attending, at all times, to the characteristics and needs of the elderly.