bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Archival Science and Knowledge Organization: Mapping Methodological Relationships
Authors: Barros Thiago Henrique Bragato , Sousa Renato Tarciso Barbosa de
Published: January 2020

We discuss the aspects and points of contact between knowledge organization and archival science, based on the texts published in the scope of the International Society of Knowledge Organization, especially concerning classification and description, building a theoretical-conceptual parallel about their points of contact. The aim is to systematize the relations between knowledge organization and archival science within the scope of classification and description. Bibliographic research in ISKO literature and archival literature was performed. Through systematization, it was possible to understand how the relationship between these fields is carried out and how it can be strengthened. The field of knowledge organization makes a pivotal contribution to the development of methodologies to access information. A series of developments in languages, structures and classifications, that is, knowledge organization systems (KOSs), is presented. On the other hand, archival science has been developing simultaneously, but in many moments seeking interlocutions, although superficial or even unintentional with the field of knowledge organization. The approximation of these fields is essential for the development of archival classification and description, aiming for the construction of ontologies, taxonomies and controlled vocabularies among others. These recent approximations must have occurred due to the changes that have happened in the last twenty years in relation to records management and the way people build knowledge and seek information. Also, it is possible to apply KOSs in the administrative digital environment for better archival representation instruments.
The Representation of Archival Information in Controlled Vocabularies: The Context of the Archival Institutions in Rio de Janeiro .
Authors: Souza Rosale de Mattos
Published: January 2020

We aim to trace the scenario of the use of controlled vocabularies as tools of research and work in the scope of representation and retrieval of information in institutions that have archival collections, in order to highlight the need for greater emphasis on the subject of representation of archival information in the academic field, increasing the visibility for the study and analysis of the collections in question and their contents, relevant to the information society. We investigate the current scenario of the use of controlled vocabularies in the archival collections of Rio de Janeiro, the theoretical-methodological changes arising from the impacts of information technologies on analysis, representation, such as classification and indexing, content retrieval, information needs in the contemporary world. The representation of information is associated with classification and retrieval of information to the organization of knowledge in information science. There is a gap in the archival area regarding the expression representation of information from the description of the nineteenth century. As for the theoretical-methodological aspect, there was a theoretical survey of the representation of information in publications in the interdisciplinary areas; as to the operational methodology, questionnaires were applied to information agencies on the use of controlled vocabularies, in relation to the treatment of information in archival collections. We conclude by demonstrating the importance of adopting the concept of information representation in archives, using controlled vocabularies associated with new information technologies and informational ecology, consolidating the area as a scientific and interdisciplinary field for information science.
Provenance as a Knowledge Organization Principle
Authors: Tognoli Natalia , Guimarães José Augusto Chaves
Published: January 2020

The principle of provenance is one of the most important milestones in archival practice and theory from the time its establishment grounded the scientific dimension of archival discipline in the nineteenth century. Since then, provenance and document context have supported the organization of archival knowledge (especially through classification and description procedures). Such relationships were gradually refined over the years and from different experiences between European archives and their classification and ordering systems. Historically, the principle of provenance is a pivotal moment in the development of archival theory, crucial to understanding the nature of records and archives. However, in archival theory, the principle of provenance still does not correspond to a single term or a single definition and scarce normalization terminology remains one of the problems of archival science, which leads to a lack of consensus about the division between the two principles of provenance and original order. Recently, the concept of provenance has been addressed by many other disciplines (law, library and information science, computer science and visual analytics) and applied to different domains (cloud-based storage, preservation of digital records, digital evidence, digital humanities, e-science, open data, linked data, knowledge organization and indexing. As the use of provenance reaches new domains it is no longer just an organizing principle but also a means of reaching for authenticity and reliability of data and objects in digital environments or museums or to reestablish the original organic relationship in library collections.
Lobby für Menschen ohne Lobby
Authors: Radlbeck Daniela
Published: January 2020

Die Wohnungsfrage stellt in den meisten deutschen Großstädten ein Brennpunkt der öffentlichen Diskussion dar. Eine besondere Herausforderung ist das Finden bezahlbarer Wohnungen für soziale Träger, wie ein Blick nach Berlin zeigt.
Sozialräumliche Beratungsangebote mit Querschnittcharakter
Authors: Herrmann Carolin
Published: January 2020

Die für alle Beteiligten oft unüberschaubaren Versorgungsangebote können durch Teilhabezentren im Sozialraum vernetzt und für die Gestaltung eines auf die individuelle Lage des hilfesuchenden Menschen und seines Umfeldes zugeschnittenes Angebot genutzt werden. Die Kölner Organisationsberaterin Carolin Herrmann stellt das Modell vor, das im Hinblick auf die neuen Rahmenbedingungen des Bundesteilhabegesetzes von besonderem Interesse ist.
Fehler vermeiden
Authors: Feindura Sabine
Published: January 2020

Arbeitsverhältnisse können neben einem Aufhebungsvertrag auch durch einen Abwicklungsvertrag beendet werden. Letztere Möglichkeit kann für Arbeitgeber wie Arbeitnehmer günstiger sein.
Kosten und Leistungen erfassen und steuern
Authors: Pieper Heinrich B.
Published: January 2020

Die Kosten- und Leistungsrechnung ist ein Kernstück betriebswirtschaftlicher Steuerung - und eine Herausforderung gerade für kleinere Organisationen der Sozialwirtschaft.
Neue Spielregeln
Authors: Elsemann Katrin
Published: January 2020

Wie neue Spielregeln in einer männerdominierten Unternehmenswelt gefunden und umgesetzt werden können, untersuchen zwei erfolgreiche Start-up-Gründerinnen.
Neogenní a kvartérní sedimenty v oblasti Nového Hrádku (západní část NP Podyjí)
Authors: Nehyba Slavomir , Kirchner Karel , Kuda František
Published: January 2020

Neogene deposits of the Carpathian Foredeep were newly recognized in the sedimentary succession within the outcrop close to Nový Hradek site in the area of the Podyjí National Park covered by extensive Quaternary deposits. These deposits are preserved as erosional relics within a bowl shaped depression on the top of the crystalline basement. Facies analysis shows that the recognised Neogene beds represent fluvial deposits. Two facies associations were identified within the Quaternary deposits. Although both of them are interpreted as colluvial deposits, they were formed by a series of gravity flows with highly varied water content. The provenance analysis (pebble petrography, association of heavy minerals, zircon study) confirmed, that the source area of both Neogene and Quaternary deposits was located in the adjacent geological units with strong dominance of Moravian Unit. Relatively high mineral maturity of the studied deposits points to extended blanket of intensely weathered crystalline basement, which underwent erosion and redeposition. Higher content of quartz clasts within the Neogene deposits reveals different mode of transport and possible redeposition from older sediments. Studied Neogene deposits are preliminary related to quartzose gravel and sands known from the close surrounding of the nearby Lukov village. Comparison of Neogene and Quaternary deposits in the surroundings of Nový Hrádek and occurrences of similar sediments within the National Park in Austria (e.g. surroundings of Merkersdorf) might provide a further data about the poorly known history of the area during Neogene.
Do Unknown Risks Preclude Informed Consent?
Authors: Rudge David ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

Allen Buchanan and Daniel Brock, in a widely influential account, Deciding for Others (1990), advocate a sliding scale approach to the determination of whether a patient is competent to make a decision regarding his/her health care. An analysis of two critiques of their position (Beauchamp and Childress (1994), Wicclair (1991 a,b)) reveals a tacit presumption by all of these authors that the greater cognitive challenge often posed by high risk therapies constitutes grounds for an elevated standard of competence. This presumption cannot be consistently maintained in cases where the patient's decision involves experimental therapies. It implies either that informed consent can never take place in such situations, or, perhaps even more counter-intuitively, that a lower standard of competency should be used than when the patient is asked to choose only among standard therapies.
TESTE DE INTEGRIDADE NO SETOR PRIVADO: ESTADO DA ARTE
Authors: Aguiar Julio Cesar de , Matias Flávio Pereira da Costa
Published: January 2020

Este artigo visa discutir como o teste de integridade é utilizado no setor privado no Brasil e a respectiva compatibilidade com a legislação brasileira. Primeiramente, o artigo busca examinar a aplicação do compliance no direito comparado e no brasileiro, especificamente sob o Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (EUA), o Bribery Act 2010 (UK) e a Lei 12.846/2013. O estudo também analisa o teste de integridade, suas origens e modalidades. Após, o artigo discute a aplicação do teste de integridade no setor privado e o estado da arte do uso do teste de integridade como uma ferramenta de compliance no direito comparado e na legislação brasileira, para concluir que a aplicação de testes de integridade no setor privado tem respaldo na lei para fazer parte de programas de conformidade, tanto no Brasil como no exterior. O método utilizado para o artigo foi a pesquisa bibliográfica, de natureza exploratória, utilizando a legislação brasileira, a legislação do Reino Unido e a legislação estadunidense como referências de análise.
(NEO) CONSTITUCIONALISMO: ¿PROGRESO O RETORNO? UN ANÁLISIS DEL PARADIGMA NEOCONSTITUCIONALISTA EN LA OBRA DE LUIGI FERRAJOLI A LA LUZ DE ALGUNAS CRÍTICAS DE FERNANDO ATRIA
Authors: Iosa Juan Francisco
Published: January 2020

Vou manter aqui uma tese que desafia abertamente o paradigma constitucionalista defendido por Luigi Ferrajoli em Principia Iuris: a tese afirma que o (neo) constitucionalismo é o direito pré-moderno. Não apenas existe uma profunda semelhança estrutural e funcional entre o direito pré-moderno e o direito do estado constitucional. Essa semelhança indica que na lei do estado de direito constitucional, em vez de um progresso em direção a um sistema legal moralmente superior ao estado de direito legislativo, há um retorno ao direito pré-moderno. Em outras palavras, um retorno a um direito profundamente hostil ao autogoverno popular, amigável ao governo de uma elite judicial e, finalmente, funcional a uma sociedade onde a genuína igualdade de seres humanos se afasta do horizonte de nossas utopias regulatórias.teórica. Principais conclusões. Tempo verbal no presente.
La memoria, la coeducación y la paz
Authors: Vergara Figueroa Abilio
Published: January 2020

Uno de los factores fundamentales para comprender la problemática de la paz es el de la memoria. Un presupuesto de este artículo es que dicha memoria se realiza en el lenguaje, especialmente en el lenguaje articulado, que es el medio por el que se hace púbica y se despliega, no sólo la expresión de un pasado, sino también las perspectivas que orientan nuestras argumentaciones para el presente y el futuro. Cuando hablo de lenguaje, propongo que de lo que se trata, no son sólo de palabras, sino de sintagmas, es decir del habla (en el sentido de Saussure) desplegada en una época, y en contextos biográficos y comunidades interpretativas (Thompson, 1993) de cada uno y de cada comunidad. Dos factores a considerar en esta definición de nociones, categorías y conceptos son lo imaginario (el flujo entre memoria e imaginación) y la ideología, que están relacionados con la educación y las condiciones de vida, colectivas e individuales.Otro asunto que hay que considerar son los contextos o niveles de diversa escala y poder, entre ellos, los contextos contemporáneos, es decir la escala macro-estructural ─escala preferida de quienes piensan que la (cultura de) paz no es posible─, que interviene decisivamente en la formulación de las posibilidades no sólo de la paz, sino de la memorialización, la que puede ser sometida a políticas públicas y privadas de diverso alcance.En este artículo se abordan los problemas asociados a las posibilidades de formulación de las políticas de paz en su nivel intermedio, es decir las que median entre las escalas macro y micro, con especial énfasis en las últimas, que es donde la memoria, la acción colectiva y la autoreflexividad pueden aportar.
El impacto del estrés por aculturación sobre la sintomatología de los adolescentes migrantes en Arica y Antofagasta, Chile
Authors: Villacieros Iciar
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between acculturation stress and symptomatology in migrant adolescents from Peru, Bolivia and Colombia living in Chile. The final sample consisted of 146 participants between the ages of 11 and 17 (M=13.77, DT=2.01). Of these, 47.9% (N=70) are men and 52.1% (N=76) are women settled in Arica and Antofagasta (Chile). The results show statistically significant relationships between the two scales (r=.488, p<.01). The relationships between internal symptoms and discrimination (r=.461, p<.01) and internal symptoms and longing and nostalgia for the country of origin (r=.402, p<.01) stand out. External symptoms correlated with feeling family broken (r=.381, p<.01). Internal symptomatology was the dimension with the greatest relationship to the total stress scale (r=.477, p<.01). Finally, the usefulness of the results, their limitations and applications are discussed.
Acerca del condicionamiento socioeconómico de la locura: Llucia Ramis y otras narradoras actuales.
Authors: Sanz Ruiz Cristina
Published: January 2020

En este artículo se examina el papel protagonista de la locura como uno de los motivos más repetidos en la novela de la crisis. A pesar de la disparidad de planteamientos, la mayor parte de los autores plantean una relación de causalidad entre precariedad económica e inestabilidad mental, que se corresponde con lo demostrado por diversos estudios sociológicos y psicológicos. Hemos constatado, además, que las tres novelas que incorporan un enfoque más introspectivo han sido escritas por mujeres (Marta Sanz, Elvira Navarro y Llucia Ramis). Por último, utilizamos el caso particular de Las posesiones (2018) de Llucia Ramis para elaborar un análisis más exhaustivo.
Jugando en tiempos de crisis
Authors: Rodríguez Jesús
Published: January 2020

El videojuego puede ser entendido como una herramienta narrativa y como un simulador de la realidad, además de ser útil para la visualización de datos, tal y como demuestra el colectivo Derivart con sus trabajos. Jesús Rodríguez, miembro de Derivart, repasa el nacimiento de sus proyectos más destacados, en los que relacionan los videojuegos y el mundo de las finanzas desde una perspectiva artística.
The Mediterranean Today. Stability, Instability, Orientations. A first rapid excursus
Authors: Macioti Maria Immacolata
Published: January 2020

A quick trip to some Mediterranean countries shows significant disparities, situations of inequality, different religious preferences, and struggling minority populations. The dream of a Mediterranean crossroads of cultures, which has taken up so much space in our past, seems today to retreat-- leaving behind a sea that has become a kind of hard border, difficult to cross for many men, women, children, who too often have lost their lives. The European Union prefers to defend its own borders from migrants and also from possible asylum seekers. It defends itself, and the Mediterranean is an important pawn in these actions, from the flows of arrivals from Africa, viz. the role of Libya, from which people escape the Syrian tragedy. For this purpose, they use countries like Greece and Turkey. A notable reversal for Italy in particular, an Italy that experienced first-hand migratory phenomena.
Body and biology
Authors: Cipriani Roberto
Published: January 2020

The social community is neither a mosaic nor a sum of different identities but something akin to a new, compound being, characterised by its own genome: the mfDNA. It involves, in particular, a kind of colonisation, the outcome of events, contingencies, probabilistic dynamics, interrelationships between the individual (or society) and the environment. Furthermore, community does not imply a mere list of species but a milieu that exists to serve their relative, not simply single and bi-univocal representations and interrelationships, acting within a complex multifactorial network characterized by a preliminary mathematical-model approach. Therefore, it is possible to introduce a new perspective, driven by the mfDNA approach and biology, and suggest a wider context capable of improving our understanding of the role of individuals within societies. We propose a new tool, the “social mfDNA model”, as an interior indicator of the properties, composition and dynamics of human society.
The Functionality and Comparisons of BSC and Alternative Theories in Organisations: Business Perspective
Authors: Nwafor Benneth C. , Piranfar Hosein , Aston John
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this research is to show the comparison of Resource-based view, Human capital, stakeholder as alternative theories and Balanced Scorecards (BSCs). Resource-Based View (RBV) appears to be limited with narrow implications as the strategic roles. RBV is forced on the internal organisation of a firm and it does not consider the external factors like the demand side of the market. A firm or an organisation may have the resources and the capabilities to gain a competitive advantage but still have no demand. RBV is not explicit on how particular market-based assets and capabilities contribute to generating and sustaining specific form of customer values. Accordingly, Human Capital theory (HC) assumes education increases productivity in the organisation, resulting in higher individual wages, but failed to provide adequate insight into the process through which education training are translated into higher wages. High level of educational attainment and quality may not potentially yield greater productivity and wages across the board. In the same vein, stakeholder theory has no learning and growth perspective required in the 21st century business but provides managers with clear mission and facilitates decision making. Balanced Scorecards (BSCs) has four perspectives: Financial, Customer, Internal development and Learning and growth perspective. It sets priorities by identifying, rationalising and aligning initiatives. The broad aim of this study is to shed light on limitations of these theories. The paper intends to identify future research questions that would help to remove fundamental barriers to pave the way to the company-wide performance in Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs): does BSC or alternative theory add significant value to SMEs? If it does add value, how does it enhance the performance of SMEs in emerging economies?
Sustainable Agriculture and Farmers Choices Among Short Term Efficiency and Preserving the Future
Authors: Miftari Alda
Published: January 2020

This paper focuses the attention on the biodiversity of production system of farmers and the social impact in the environment process related on the economy scale. Farmers in Italian regions are growing fast and are developing new paradigms on sustainable agriculture for the development and eco-friendly products for the future of farming. The organic agriculture is an alternative of farming for producing in sustainable way and ensuring social and local conditions and promoting high level of food quality. On behalf of CAP reform 2020 and the Sustainable Development Goals, Agriculture is one of the pointed and discussed sectors concerning the preservation of environment and the welfare for the future generations. This article will focus the evaluation of the three pilasters of sustainability and the principles of organic agriculture. The methodology of this research is a quantitative model on using data from ISTAT, EUROSTAT database and statistical analysis are employed in this research. Our analysis shows the connection of new paradigms, methods and estimations on the sustainable development with the organic agriculture and discuss the farmers alternative for more sustainable agriculture development and revenue.
Cournot-Nash Family Decision and Economic Growth in an Extended Solowian Model
Authors: Zhang Wei Bin
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this paper is to study economic growth with family-based microeconomic foundation. It develops a neoclassical growth model of endogenous wealth accumulation and consumption of two-person families. Growth mechanism and economic structures are based on a generalized Solowian growth model with Zhang’s concept of disposable income and utility. Each spouse maximizes his/her utility function which is dependent on his/her egocentric utility function and the spouse’s egocentric utility function. One’s egocentric utility function is related to one’s private consumption of goods, consumption of family goods, and saving made out of one’s own disposable income. The couple’s decisions are interdependent and are modelled as a Cournot-Nash game. Our model endogenously determines intra-household wealth accumulation and resource allocation on consumption and saving. The paper make an integration of some basic ideas in neoclassical growth theory and family economics. We conduct comparative dynamic analyses to show how the movement of the economy is affected by different exogenous changes in gender relations, preferences, and technologies.
Medicine and magic during the English witch-trials: Negotiating legality between religion and practice
Authors: Macpherson Annabel
Published: January 2020

The years of the English witch-hunts (1542 to 1736) present a negotiation between state and citizenry. In discussing the relationship between magic and medicine we can see the negotiation between religious orthodoxy and practicality. Demonologists’ called for widespread prosecution of charming acts as a means of eliminating sin - desires put into law, but never truly implemented because of the reality of Early Modern English Life. The widespread availability of Cunning Folk, traditional charmers, represented the practicality of magic. In between the two poles Hermetic-Cabalists used charming but retained the language of piety. The English witch-trials demonstrate the fraught process of defining what ‘magic’ is and is not permissible when faced with the reality of Early Modern Life.
Evaluation the Software Tools Quality to Thesaurus in the Implementation of a Controlled Media Art Vocabulary
Authors: Angel Marzal Miguel , Ríos Beatriz , Ferreyra Diego
Published: January 2020

In this project, he develops the evaluation of seven thesaurus software tools, in the implementation of a controlled vocabulary, for the CAAC (Collections and Archives of Contemporary Art of the Faculty of Fine Arts of Cuenca, UCLM) in collaboration with UC3M; framed in the "Media Art vocabulary" project. For the conservation of artistic products as digital objects of the museum of Cuenca, Spain. The Construction and application of the thesaurus, Web implementation, publication of its terms as Linked Data, using TemaTres Software. A customized method is used combining quality, usability and semantic web techniques. A method was designed to evaluate the characteristics of each of the tools. Such as the availability of download, easy of access, use, learning, deployment on the server, sharing, and exchange of data, and free use. This study is a part project to Vocabularies for a Media Art Archives and Collections Network. This project establishes the scientific and methodological convergence of two research teams, one from Humanities, Art and Fine Arts, the other from Documentation, with a support of Computer Science and Audiovisual Communication. The importance of project progress lies in metadata labeling, identification by descriptors of the specific thesaurus, guarantee of semantic reuse of content, interoperability for a network of Media Art archives and collections, its digital continuity and dissemination in virtual spaces Wide projection. Winning the TemaTres tool, the thesaurus was implemented in the period from April to July 2019.
Carboxy‐terminal truncations of mouse α‐synuclein alter aggregation and prion‐like seeding
Authors: Sorrentino Zachary A. , Xia Yuxing , Gorion Kimberly‐Marie , Hass Ethan , Giasson Benoit I.
Published: January 2020

α‐synuclein (αsyn) forms pathologic inclusions in several neurodegenerative diseases termed synucleinopathies. The inclusions are comprised of αsyn fibrils harboring prion‐like properties. Prion‐like activity of αsyn has been studied by intracerebral injection of fibrils into mice, where the presence of a species barrier requires the use of mouse αsyn. Post‐translational modifications to αsyn such as carboxy (C)‐terminal truncation occur in synucleinopathies, and their implications for prion‐like aggregation and seeding are under investigation. Herein, C‐truncated forms of αsyn found in human disease are recapitulated in mouse αsyn to study their seeding activity in vitro, in HEK293T cells, in neuronal–glial culture, and in nontransgenic mice. The results show that C‐truncation of mouse αsyn accelerates aggregation of αsyn but alters prion‐like seeding of inclusion formation.
Vanadium‐Based Nanomaterials: A Promising Family for Emerging Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Xiaoming , Xiong Fangyu , Meng Jiashen , Wang Xuanpeng , Niu Chaojiang , An Qinyou , Mai Liqiang
Published: January 2020

The emerging electrochemical energy storage systems beyond Li‐ion batteries, including Na/K/Mg/Ca/Zn/Al‐ion batteries, attract extensive interest as the development of Li‐ion batteries is seriously hindered by the scarce lithium resources. During the past years, large amounts of studies have focused on the investigation of various electrode materials toward emerging metal‐ion batteries to realize high energy density, high power density, and a long cycle life. In particular, vanadium‐based nanomaterials have received great attention. Vanadium‐based compounds have a big family with different structures, chemical compositions, and electrochemical properties, which provide huge possibilities for the development of emerging electrochemical energy storage. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the recent progresses of promising vanadium‐based nanomaterials for emerging metal‐ion batteries is presented. The vanadium‐based materials are classified into four groups: vanadium oxides, vanadates, vanadium phosphates, and oxygen‐free vanadium‐based compounds. The structures, electrochemical properties, and modification strategies are discussed. The structure–performance relationships and charge storage mechanisms are focused on. Finally, the perspectives about future directions of vanadium‐based nanomaterials for emerging energy storage devices are proposed. This review will provide comprehensive knowledge of vanadium‐based nanomaterials and shed light on their potential applications in emerging energy storage.
Lightweight, Superelastic Boron Nitride/Polydimethylsiloxane Foam as Air Dielectric Substitute for Multifunctional Capacitive Sensor Applications
Authors: Tay Roland Yingjie , Li Hongling , Lin Jinjun , Wang Hong , Lim Jacob Song Kiat , Chen Shuai , Leong Wei Lin , Tsang Siu Hon , Teo Edwin Hang Tong
Published: January 2020

Porous polymeric foams as dielectric layer for highly sensitive capacitive based pressure sensors have been extensively explored owing to their excellent flexibility and elasticity. Despite intensive efforts, most of previously reported porous polymer foams still suffer from difficulty in further lowering the attainable density limit of ≈0.1 g cm−3 while retaining high sensitivity and compressibility due to the limitations on existing fabrication techniques and materials. Herein, utilizing 3D interconnected networks of few‐layer hexagonal boron nitride foams (h‐BNFs) as supporting frameworks, lightweight and highly porous BN/polydimethylsiloxane composite foams (BNF@PDMS) with densities reaching as low as 15 mg cm−3 and permittivity close to that of air are fabricated. This is the lightest PDMS‐based foam reported to date. Owing to the synergistic effects between BN and PDMS, these lightweight composite foams possess excellent mechanical resilience, extremely high compressibility (up to 95% strain), good cyclic performance, and superelasticity. Being electrically nonconductive, the potential application of BNF@PDMS as a dielectric layer for capacitive sensors is further demonstrated. Remarkably, the as‐fabricated device can perform multiple sensing functions such as noncontact touch sensor, environmental monitoring sensor, and high sensitivity pressure sensor that can detect extremely low pressures of below 1 Pa.
Active Control of Asymmetric Fano Resonances with Graphene–Silicon‐Integrated Terahertz Metamaterials
Authors: Li Quan , Gupta Manoj , Zhang Xueqian , Wang Shuang , Chen Tai , Singh Ranjan , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili
Published: January 2020

Planar metamaterials are extensively studied in recent years due to their potential applications in design of flat optical components, ultrasensitive sensors, lasing spasers, and nonlinear devices. Recent studies have reported dynamic control of photoactive material–based metamaterials through optical excitation. However, most of the previous demonstrations rely on single stimulus control and typically require large fluence and ultrafast pulses of light. Here, graphene is integrated with Fano resonant metasurface on silicon substrate that provides active modulation of terahertz waves with low‐power, continuous wave (CW) optical (λ = 532 nm) excitation. More importantly, the hybrid graphene–silicon system provides “dual control” through a combination of applied electrical bias voltage and photodoping of silicon by CW illumination which alters the conductivity of the graphene resulting in an active modulation of the metamaterial resonance. Large real‐time tunability with dual control characteristics of resonant metasurfaces can be a promising route for designing active and functional terahertz metadevices.
Nanocarbon Catalysts: Recent Understanding Regarding the Active Sites
Authors: Zhang Lu‐Hua , Shi Yumeng , Wang Ye , Shiju N. Raveendran
Published: January 2020

Although carbon itself acts as a catalyst in various reactions, the classical carbon materials (e.g., activated carbons, carbon aerogels, carbon black, carbon fiber, etc.) usually show low activity, stability, and oxidation resistance. With the recent availability of nanocarbon catalysts, the application of carbon materials in catalysis has gained a renewed momentum. The research is concentrated on tailoring the surface chemistry of nanocarbon materials, since the pristine carbons in general are not active for heterogeneous catalysis. Surface functionalization, doping with heteroatoms, and creating defects are the most used strategies to make efficient catalysts. However, the nature of the catalytic active sites and their role in determining the activity and selectivity is still not well understood. Herein, the types of active sites reported for several mainstream nanocarbons, including carbon nanotubes, graphene‐based materials, and 3D porous nanocarbons, are summarized. Knowledge about the active sites will be beneficial for the design and synthesis of nanocarbon catalysts with improved activity, selectivity, and stability.
Impacts and management strategies for crop production in waterlogged or flooded soils: A review
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Singh Gurbir , Motavalli Peter P. , Nelson Kelly A. , Orlowski John M. , Golden Bobby R.
Published: January 2020

Globally, flooding is one of the most damaging abiotic stresses, besides drought, that affects 17 million km2 of land surface annually. Recent research indicates that climate change is resulting in more extreme weather events, such as flooding or soil waterlogging, that negatively affect crop production. Therefore, it is imperative to understand how flooding stress affects crops and to develop improved production practices that make cropping systems more resilient and able to cope with extreme weather events. This review paper summarizes the current state of knowledge on the impacts of flooding or soil waterlogging on crop production losses, nitrogen (N) losses, and provides potential management strategies to reduce these losses. The factors affecting the extent of flooding injury in plants as well as plant adaptations under waterlogging stress are also discussed briefly. For the purpose of this review, “flooding” refers to the situation when all or part of the plant is submerged under water, whereas “soil waterlogging” refers to the situation where soil pores are saturated with water. Soil waterlogging also promotes soil N losses through runoff, leaching, and denitrification. Potential management practices that can be used to mitigate soil waterlogging stress include the use of flood‐tolerant varieties, adjusting management practices, improving drainage, and practicing adaptive nutrient management strategies. However, these might be site‐ or crop‐specific management practices and they should be validated for their economic viability before developing future management plans that promote sustainable crop yields from waterlogged soils.
Single‐stage retrograde endoscopic common bile duct stone removal might be sufficient in moderate acute cholangitis with a stone size ≤12 mm: A retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching
Authors: Hung Kuo‐Tung , Kuo Chung‐Mou , Tsai Cheng‐En , Chiu Yi‐Chun , Lu Lung‐Sheng , Wu Cheng‐Kun , Sou Fai‐Meng , Huang Pao‐Yuan , Tai Wei‐Chen , Kuo Chung‐Huang , Liang Chih‐Ming , Chuah Seng‐Kee
Published: January 2020

Studies elucidating the efficacy and safety of single‐stage endoscopic treatment for acute moderate cholangitis with choledocholithiasis are limited. Therefore, we performed a retrospective analysis of single‐stage endoscopic treatment for common bile duct (CBD) stone removal in patients with moderate cholangitis to determine the rates of successful stone extraction and complications. A retrospective chart review was conducted for all consecutive patients (n = 632) undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for CBD stone removal between January 2010 and September 2013 at the study institution. A total of 346 patients excluded based on the following criteria: procedural failure requiring an anatomy‐modifying operation, stenosis of the pyloric ring, tumor‐related obstruction, treatment requiring only biliary drainage, failure to locate the papilla, intolerance due to inadequate sedation, CBD stone > 12 mm, CBD sludge, and non‐naïve papilla in ERCP. The remaining 286 patients were randomly matched at a 1:2 ratio using propensity score together with age and sex with the Number Cruncher Statistical System statistical software. After propensity score matching, there were 90 and 134 patients in the moderate and no/mild cholangitis groups, respectively. The baseline characteristics and endoscopic findings were comparable between the two groups. The success rate of complete stone extraction was similar between the moderate and no/mild cholangitis groups (90.0% vs 91.0%, P = .793). Additionally, the complication rates were comparable between the moderate and no/mild cholangitis groups (post‐ERCP pancreatitis, 13.3% vs 10.4%, P = .542; pneumonia, 4.4% vs 1.5%, P = .183; perforation, 0% vs 1.5%, P = .243; and mortality, 2.2% vs 0.7%, P = .350). However, there was a trend for higher bleeding rate in the moderate cholangitis group compared with the no/mild cholangitis group (2.2% vs 0%, P = .084). Single‐stage retrograde endoscopic CBD stone removal in patients with moderate cholangitis and choledocholithiasis sized ≤12 mm might be adequate based on the high success rate (90.0%) for stone removal and low complication rates.
Morphological characterization of newborns in Kinshasa, DR Congo: Common variants, minor, and major anomalies
Authors: Mubungu Gerrye , Lumaka Aimé , Mvuama Nono , Tshika Dahlie , Makay Prince , Tshilobo Prosper Lukusa , Devriendt Koenraad
Published: January 2020

The evaluation of minor physical variation is crucial in a dysmorphological examination. Currently, data on the spectrum and incidence of minor physical variants in Central African newborns is lacking. We therefore conducted a cross‐sectional descriptive study of 722 newborns recruited within the first 24 hr of life, in two large maternities in Kinshasa, DR Congo. Minor anomalies were defined according to the series of articles in AJMG Part A and coded as human phenotype ontology terms. A total of 97 different morphological variants were recorded of which 13 were common. About 34.8% of the newborn carried one minor anomaly, 11.6% had two, and 4.3% had three minor anomalies. No gender differences were observed, but the incidence of specific anomalies appeared to vary with the geographical origin of parents within the DR Congo. The results of this study will aid clinicians to interpret morphological variation in Central African newborns.
A Corrole‐Based Covalent Organic Framework Featuring Desymmetrized Topology
Authors: Zhao Yanming , Dai Wenhao , Peng Yunlei , Niu Zheng , Sun Qi , Shan Chuan , Yang Hui , Verma Gaurav , Wojtas Lukasz , Yuan Daqiang , Zhang Zhenjie , Dong Haifeng , Zhang Xueji , Zhang Bao , Feng Yaqing , Ma Shengqian
Published: January 2020

Herein, for the first time, we present the successful synthesis of a novel two‐dimensional corrole‐based covalent organic framework (COF) by reacting the unusual approximately T‐shaped 5,10,15‐tris(p‐aminophenyl)corrole H3TPAPC with terephthalaldehyde, which adopts desymmetrized hcb topology and consists of a staggered AB stacking structure with elliptical pores. The resultant corrole‐based COF, TPAPC‐COF, exhibits high crystallinity and excellent chemical stability. The combination of extended π‐conjugated backbone and interlayer noncovalent π–π interactions endows TPAPC‐COF with excellent absorption capability in the entire visible‐light and even near‐infrared regions. Moreover, this work suggests the promise of TPAPC‐COF as a new class of photoactive material for efficient singlet‐oxygen generation with potential photodynamic therapy application as demonstrated by in vitro anticancer studies.
Crystalline BP‐Doped Phenanthryne via Photolysis of The Elusive Boraphosphaketene
Authors: Yang Wenlong , Krantz Kelsie E. , Dickie Diane A. , Molino Andrew , Wilson David J. D. , Gilliard Robert J.
Published: January 2020

The synthesis and reactivity study of the first isolable boraphosphaketene, cyclic(alkyl)(amino) carbene (CAAC)‐borafluorene‐P=C=O (2), is described. Photolysis of compound 2 results in the formation of CAAC‐stabilized BP‐doped phenanthryne (3) through tandem decarbonylation, monoatomic phosphide insertion, and ring‐expansion. Notably, while BN‐doped phenanthryne was previously discussed as a reactive intermediate which could not be isolated, the heavier BP‐doped analogue exhibits remarkable solution and solid‐state stability. The reactivity of 2 with stable carbenes was also explored. Addition of CAAC to 2 led to migration of the original CAAC ligand from boron to phosphorus and coordination of the added CAAC to carbon, affording compound 4. Reaction of 1,3‐diisopropyl‐4,5‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene (NHC) with 2 resulted in N−C bond activation to give the unusual spiro‐heterocyclic compound (5).
Designing Atomic Active Centers for Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysts
Authors: Lei Yongpeng , Wang Yuchao , Liu Yi , Song Chengye , Li Qian , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong
Published: January 2020

The evolution of hydrogen from water using renewable electrical energy is a topic of current interest. Pt/C exhibits the highest catalytic activity for the H2 evolution reaction (HER), but scarce supplies and high cost limit its large‐scale application. Atomic active centers in single‐atom catalysts, single‐atom alloys, and catalysts with two atom sorts exhibit maximum atomic efficiency, unique structure, and exceptional activity for the HER. Interactions between well‐defined active sites and supports are known to affect electron transfer and dramatically accelerate the reaction. This Review first highlights methods for studying atomic active centers for the HER. Then, active sites with different coordination configurations are described. Active centers with one metal atom, two different metal atoms as well as nonmetal atoms are analyzed at the atomic scale. Finally, future research perspectives are proposed.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Strain‐Increase Ring Contraction Allows the Synthesis of Cyclobutyl Boronic Esters
Authors: Davenport Raffael , Silvi Mattia , Noble Adam , Hosni Zied , Fey Natalie , Aggarwal Varinder K.
Published: January 2020

There are a limited number of ring‐contraction methodologies which convert readily available five‐membered rings into strained four‐membered rings. Here we report a photo‐induced radical‐mediated ring contraction of five‐membered‐ring alkenyl boronate complexes into cyclobutanes. The process involves the addition of an electrophilic radical to the electron‐rich alkenyl boronate complex, leading to an α‐boryl radical. Upon one‐electron oxidation, ring‐contractive 1,2‐metalate rearrangement occurs to give a cyclobutyl boronic ester. A range of radical precursors and vinyl boronates can be employed, and chiral cyclobutanes can be accessed with high levels of stereocontrol. The process was extended to the preparation of benzofused cyclobutenes and the versatility of the boronic ester was demonstrated by conversion to other functional groups.
Homogeneous, Low‐volume, Efficient, and Sensitive Quantitation of Circulating Exosomal PD‐L1 for Cancer Diagnosis and Immunotherapy Response Prediction
Authors: Huang Mengjiao , Yang Juanjuan , Wang Teng , Song Jia , Xia Jinglu , Wu Lingling , Wang Wei , Wu Qiaoyi , Zhu Zhi , Song Yanling , Yang Chaoyong
Published: January 2020

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, but its efficacy is severely hindered by the lack of effective predictors. Herein, we developed a homogeneous, low‐volume, efficient, and sensitive exosomal programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1, a type of transmembrane protein) quantitation method for cancer diagnosis and immunotherapy response prediction (HOLMES‐ExoPD‐L1). The method combines a newly evolved aptamer that efficiently binds to PD‐L1 with less hindrance by antigen glycosylation than antibody, and homogeneous thermophoresis with a rapid binding kinetic. As a result, HOLMES‐ExoPD‐L1 is higher in sensitivity, more rapid in reaction time, and easier to operate than existing enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)‐based methods. As a consequence of an outstanding improvement of sensitivity, the level of circulating exosomal PD‐L1 detected by HOLMES‐ExoPD‐L1 can effectively distinguish cancer patients from healthy volunteers, and for the first time was found to correlate positively with the metastasis of adenocarcinoma. Overall, HOLMES‐ExoPD‐L1 brings a fresh approach to exosomal PD‐L1 quantitation, offering unprecedented potential for early cancer diagnosis and immunotherapy response prediction.
Tuning Internal Strain in Metal–Organic Frameworks via Vapor Phase Infiltration for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Yang Fan , Hu Wenhui , Yang Chongqing , Patrick Margaret , Cooksy Andrew L. , Zhang Jian , Aguiar Jeffery A. , Fang Chengcheng , Zhou Yinghua , Meng Ying Shirley , Huang Jier , Gu Jing
Published: January 2020

A gas‐phase approach to form Zn coordination sites on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) by vapor‐phase infiltration (VPI) was developed. Compared to Zn sites synthesized by the solution‐phase method, VPI samples revealed approximately 2.8 % internal strain. Faradaic efficiency towards conversion of CO2 to CO was enhanced by up to a factor of four, and the initial potential was positively shifted by 200–300 mV. Using element‐specific X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, the local coordination environment of the Zn center was determined to have square‐pyramidal geometry with four Zn−N bonds in the equatorial plane and one Zn‐OH2 bond in the axial plane. The fine‐tuned internal strain was further supported by monitoring changes in XRD and UV/Visible absorption spectra across a range of infiltration cycles. The ability to use internal strain to increase catalytic activity of MOFs suggests that applying this strategy will enhance intrinsic catalytic capabilities of a variety of porous materials.
Alkyl‐Chain‐Regulated Charge Transfer in Fluorescent Inorganic CsPbBr3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Duan Jialong , Wang Yudi , Yang Xiya , Tang Qunwei
Published: January 2020

Improved charge extraction and wide spectral absorption promote power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The state‐of‐the‐art carbon‐based CsPbBr3 PSCs have an inferior power output capacity because of the large optical band gap of the perovskite film and the high energy barrier at perovskite/carbon interface. Herein, we use alkyl‐chain regulated quantum dots as hole‐conductors to reduce charge recombination. By precisely controlling alkyl‐chain length of ligands, a balance between the surface dipole induced charge coulomb repulsive force and quantum tunneling distance is achieved to maximize charge extraction. A fluorescent carbon electrode is used as a cathode to harvest the unabsorbed incident light and to emit fluorescent light at 516 nm for re‐absorption by the perovskite film. The optimized PSC free of encapsulation achieves a maximum power conversion efficiency up to 10.85 % with nearly unchanged photovoltaic performances under 80 %RH, 80 °C, or light irradiation in air.