bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhalation of itraconazole mitigates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis via regulating SPP1 and C3 signaling pathway pivotal in the interaction between phagocytic macrophages and diseased fibroblasts
Authors: Pan Caizhe , Wei Hao , Chen Bi , Wu Lei , Song Jiayao , Zhang Qing , Wu Xinglong , Liang Guibai , Chen Wenhao , Wang Yingshuo , Xie Yicheng
Published: November 2024

Background

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) stands as a significant contributor to global mortality rates. Presently, there exists a dearth of effective anti-fibrotic treatments for this condition. While itraconazole (ITR) has exhibited potential in mitigating pulmonary fibrosis, its oral administration is hampered by unfavorable pharmacokinetics, which elevate the risk of adverse reactions, thus limiting its clinical utility.

Methods

An inhalable formulation of ITR were engineered which aimed at enhancing its pulmonary dispersion. First, pharmacokinetics were conducted to investigate the blood concentration and tissue residue of ITR after inhalation administration. In addition, bleomycin induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis model was used to compare the therapeutic effects of ITR administered by inhalation and intragastric administration. Finally, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) was used to explore the mechanism of ITR inhalation administration.

Results

We found that a large amount of drugs accumulated in the lung tissue for a long time after inhalation administration, thus maximizing the therapeutic effect of drugs. Inhalation of ITR daily at for 21 days significantly attenuated bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis and inflammation in murine models. Additionally, our findings revealed that ITR inhalation diminished the proportion of diseased fibroblasts while promoting reparative fibroblast populations in the murine model. Furthermore, it effectively reversed the proportion of activated phagocytic macrophages. Mechanistically, ITR inhalation exerted its effects by regulating SPP1 and C3 signaling pathway pivotal in the interaction between phagocytic macrophages and diseased fibroblasts.

Conclusions

These insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying ITR’s therapeutic effects on IPF underscore the favorable pharmacokinetic profile conferred by inhalation, thus presenting a promising formulation poised for clinical translation.
Age- and sex-associated alterations in hypothalamic mitochondrial bioenergetics and inflammatory-associated signaling in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Adlimoghaddam Aida , Fontaine Kyle M. , Albensi Benedict C.
Published: November 2024

Mitochondrial dysfunction and associated inflammatory signaling are pivotal in both aging and in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Studies have also shown that hypothalamic function is affected in AD. The hypothalamus may be a target for AD drugs given that mitochondrial alterations are observed in the hypothalamus. This study investigated how age and sex affect mitochondrial bioenergetics and inflammatory signaling in the hypothalamic mitochondria of 3xTg and control mice at 2, 6, and 13 months, aiming to enhance our understanding of these processes in aging and AD. Parameters included oxygen consumption rates, expression levels of subunits comprising mitochondrial complexes I-V, the enzymatic activity of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), transcription factors associated with inflammation such as NF-κB, pIκB-α, Nrf2, and other inflammatory biomarkers. Hypothalamic mitochondrial dysfunction was observed in 3xTg females as early as 2 months, but no changes were detected in 3xTg males until 6 months of age. In 3xTg mice, subunit expression levels for mitochondrial complexes I-II were significantly reduced in both sexes. Significant sex-based differences in COX activity were also observed at 13 months of age, with levels being lower in females compared to males. In addition, significant sex differences were indicated in NF-κB, pIκB-α, Nrf2, and other inflammatory biomarkers at different age groups during normal aging and AD progression. These findings highlight important sex differences in hypothalamic bioenergetics and inflammation, offering insights into potential new targets for preventing and/or treating AD.
Investigating EFL instructors’ approaches to classroom-based assessment culture: an explanatory sequential mixed-method approach
Authors: Latif Muhammad Wasim , Wasim Arzoo
Published: November 2024

Based on sociocultural theory and pragmatism philosophical underpinnings, this study explores the classroom assessment practices of tertiary EFL practitioners, focusing on their alignment with contemporary constructivist assessment trends, methods, and approaches, rather than psychometrical assessments. The study extends knowledge on language teachers’ preparedness for implementing classroom assessment literacy. Participants were tertiary EFL instructors from four higher educational institutions in Saudi Arabia. Adopting an explanatory sequential mixed-methods research design, data were collected through self-reported questionnaires, classroom observations, and a review of assessment documents and artifacts. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data and thematic analysis qualitative data. The dominance of traditional over alternative assessment methods was demonstrated, indicating gaps in teachers’ classroom assessment literacy. The findings highlight the contradiction, discrepancy, and complexity of the relationship between teachers’ articulated and exercised assessment practices. They provide baseline data for L2 classroom assessment policy, a classroom-based assessment framework, and a guide for teachers’ professional development in language assessment literacy.
Comparative evaluation of Artec Leo hand-held scanner and iPad Pro for 3D scanning of cervical and craniofacial data: assessing precision, accuracy, and user experience
Authors: Spears Samuel D. J. , Lester Thomas , Torii Ryo , Kalaskar Deepak M.
Published: November 2024

Aim

This study compares the precision, accuracy, and user experience of 3D body surface scanning of human subjects using the Artec Leo hand-held scanner and the iPad Pro as 3D scanning devices for capturing cervical and craniofacial data. The investigation includes assessing methods for correcting 'dropped head syndrome' during scanning, to demonstrate the ability of the scanner to be used to reconstruct body surface of patients.

Methods

Eighteen volunteers with no prior history of neck weakness were scanned three times in three different positions, using the two different devices. Surface area, scanning time, and participant comfort scores were evaluated for both devices. Precision and accuracy were assessed using Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and Intra-Class Correlation Coefficients (ICC).

Results

Surface area comparisons revealed no significant differences between devices and positions. Scanning times showed no significant difference between devices or positions. Comfort scores varied across positions. MAD analysis identified chin to chest measurements as having the highest variance, especially in scanning position 3. However, no statistical differences were found. MAPE results confirmed accuracy below 5% error for both devices. ICC scores indicated good reliability for both measurement methods, particularly for chin to chest measurements in positions 1 and 3.

Conclusion

The iPad Pro using the Qlone app demonstrates a viable alternative to the Artec Leo, particularly for capturing head and neck surface area within a clinical setting. The scanning resolution, with an error margin within ±5%, is consistent with clinically accepted standards for orthosis design, where padding and final fit adjustments allow for bespoke devices that accommodate patient comfort. This study highlights the comparative performance of the iPad, as well as suggests two methods which can be used within clinics to correct head drop for scanning.
The potentiality of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) complex holobiont in transmitting the hepatitis C virus (HCV) with the aid of bacterial microbiota in the midgut
Authors: Abdallah Fatma I. , Merdan Bouthaina A. I. , Shaarawi Fatma A. I. , Mohamed Ali F. , Selim Tharwat A. , Dahesh Salwa M. A. , Rady Magda H. A.
Published: November 2024

Background

The possibility of considering Culex pipiens (Cx. pipiens) as a vector for transmitting the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is controversial and needs further investigation. This work aimed to detect the possibility of transmission of the hepatitis C virus by Cx. pipiens and the role of the bacterial microbiota in their midgut.

Main body

Two groups of symbiotic and aposymbiotic of female Cx. pipiens were infected with the hepatitis C virus using an artificial feeding membrane technique. The viral load was detected in the head region for up to 60 min in the infected symbiotic group and 90 min in the aposymbiotic group. The midgut region can harbor the virus for 5 days after feeding. The absence of gut microbiota increases the potentiality of ten females to carry high titer of infective dose (1.2 × 106 IU/ml) of HCV genotype 4a for 6 days. The bacterial midgut microbiota appears to play a significant role in the transmission of HCV. On the other hand, HCV was not detected in the salivary glands of either symbiotic or aposymbiotic mosquitoes during the detection period. Cx. pipiens can transmit HCV from infected female adult mosquitoes to HCV-negative human blood in vitro. The biological parameters were survival rate, blood feeding, oviposition, hatchability rates, and mean digestion period of Cx. pipiens after infection with HCV showed significant changes. Moreover, an ex vivo assay demonstrated that HCV-infected mosquitoes could transmit the virus RNA into healthy blood.

Conclusion

The results suggested that the mosquitoes’ mechanical transmission of HCV was reasonable. In addition, the mosquito microbiome played a significant role in determining the potentiality of mosquitoes as a vector for disseminating HCV infections.

Graphic abstract
The evidence-based new vista to wane the utilization of antimicrobials in UTIs
Authors: Kholy Amal A. El , Wahsh Engy A. , Batiha Gaber E. , Moustafa Hebatallah Ahmed Mohamed
Published: November 2024

Background

In recent years, antibiotic resistance rates have become a global concern for clinicians to combat the pathogenic bacteria associated with UTIs. The objective of this current paper is to explore the evidence-based use of natural products as an alternative strategy to reduce the recurrence rates among different UTI patient populations such as pregnant women, postmenopause women, and children.

Main body

Commonly used non-antimicrobial products to treat and prevent UTIs include vaginal estrogen, cranberry, probiotics, D-mannose, hyaluronic acid (HA), Chinese herbal medicine, and ascorbic acid. Literature supports the safety and effectiveness of utilizing these products in different UTI patients to a great extent. The strongest recommendation was given to the utilization of vaginal estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal females to prevent rUTI.

Conclusion

We believe our research is the first to provide evidence-based clinical practice guidelines and insight into UTI management using non-antimicrobial drugs in different populations. Our findings can guide future research on the reduction of antimicrobial misuse and preventing antimicrobial resistance.

Graphical Abstract
Video head impulse test (vHIT) unravels the hidden pathology in chronic vestibular deficit
Authors: Lasheen Reham Mamdouh , Kolkaila Enaas Ahmad , Elmehalawy Trandil Hassan , Mady Nashwa , Nada Nashwa
Published: November 2024

Background

The caloric test is persistently altered in chronic peripheral vestibular hypofunction (PVH). So, we cannot depend on it to measure the degree of compensation in chronic vestibulopathy patients who are still complaining. So our aim was to assess the utility of vHIT to discover the unrevealed pathology in those patients. Our study included 20 subjects with unilateral chronic PVH who were still complaining (study group) and 20 healthy volunteers (control group). Videonystagmography (VNG) and video head impulse test (vHIT) were applied to all the subjects.

Results

VNG and caloric test results showed compensation signs in the study group. The caloric test indicated unilateral weakness in the affected side. According to vHIT results, a comparison between the affected lateral canal, contralateral healthy lateral canal among the study group, Rt. lateral canal, and Lt. lateral canal among the control group revealed no significant difference (P = 0.789), while comparing anterior and posterior canals showed significant differences (P = 0.005, 0.025) respectively.

Conclusion

The caloric test assesses only the horizontal semicircular canal and it is persistently altered in unilateral chronic PVH. So, we cannot depend on it to measure the degree of compensation in chronic vestibulopathy patients who are still complaining nor to detect unrevealed pathology regarding ant or post semi-circular canal. So we can use the vHIT test to discover the unrevealed pathology in those patients.
Enhancing seismic noise suppression using the Noise2Noise framework
Authors: Ozawa Mitsuyuki
Published: November 2024

Efficient noise reduction is essential in seismic processing to improve signal clarity and subsurface imaging. Although supervised deep learning (DL) offers a solution for removing noise from seismic records, it faces challenges due to the scarcity of noise-free labels. To address this problem, we propose the Noise2Noise Enhancement (N2NE) framework, which improves the noise reduction capabilities of conventional methods. By leveraging the Noise2Noise concept, this framework eliminates the requirement for clean reference signals, making it highly versatile for seismic processing. The framework is quantitatively examined using field noisy data with and without repeated shots. In the repeated-shot scenarios, the N2NE framework enhances the performance of conventional vertical stacking using DNNs trained on repeated-shot pairs. Furthermore, employing a substack strategy, which applies smaller substacks for preliminary noise suppression prior to DL training, boosts noise suppression. In scenarios without repeated shots, the Cross-domain N2NE framework refines conventional denoising methods, such as FX deconvolution, by utilizing information from the common-shot and receiver domains. Quantitative assessments show significant improvements in signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index, demonstrating the frameworks effectiveness. With the elimination of the need for noise-free labels, the N2NE framework improves data quality and also has the potential to enhance efficiency and reduce the costs of conventional reflection seismic surveys and long-term monitoring projects.
Unsupervised ground-roll attenuation via implicit neural representations
Authors: Li Ji , Liu Dawei , Sacchi Mauricio D.
Published: November 2024

Coherent noise attenuation in land seismic data is particularly challenging, especially when dealing with ground roll. Unlike incoherent noise, ground roll overlaps with reflections in time-space and frequency-wavenumber domains, making it difficult to separate them without distorting the signal. Traditional attenuation methods often struggle with this overlap, leading to a trade-off between preserving the reflections and effectively reducing noise. Recent advances in deep learning offer promising alternatives, but many rely on supervised learning, which requires a substantial amount of paired training data, which is often unavailable in real-world scenarios. Unsupervised approaches, although avoiding the need for labeled data, frequently face issues such as convergence instability and extensive parameter tuning. We develop an unsupervised deep-learning framework for separating reflections from ground roll to address these challenges. Our method leverages the inherent low-frequency bias of implicit neural representations, which emphasizes self-similarity features during training. The network initially learns to represent smoother, flattened events in seismic data before focusing on features with deeper dips and incoherent noise. To enhance the network’s ability to capture the self-similarity of reflections, we apply a normal moveout (NMO) correction to flatten the reflections before using the network to extract these features from the NMO-corrected data. We further incorporate a horizontal derivative regularization term into the loss function. This term penalizes horizontal variations, ensuring a more stable convergence and reducing the burden of parameter tuning, thereby eliminating the need for early stopping. Our approach is validated with synthetic and real land data examples and compared against traditional f- k filtering methods. The results demonstrate its power in effectively attenuating noise while preserving the integrity of seismic reflections.
Climate change and mental health: overview of UK policy and regulatory frameworks to stimulate and inform future research and practice
Authors: Mechelli Andrea , Baecker Lea , Bakolis Ioannis , Stewart Robert , Gasparrini Antonio , Smythe Michael , White Matthew , Bridge Nick
Published: November 2024

In the context of climate change, the impacts of extreme weather events are increasingly recognised as a significant threat to mental health in the UK. As clinicians and researchers with an interest in mental health, we have a collective responsibility to help understand and mitigate these impacts. To achieve this, however, it is vital to have an appreciation of the relevant policy and regulatory frameworks. In this feature article, a collaboration amongst mental health and policy experts, we provide an overview of the integration of mental health within current climate policies and regulations in the UK, including gaps and opportunities. We argue that current policy and regulatory frameworks are lacking in coverage, ambition, detail and implementation, as increases in weather extremes and their negative impacts on mental health outpace action. For example, across current national and local climate policies, there is almost no reference to the impacts of extreme weather events on mental health. Whilst alarming, this provides scope for future research to fill evidence gaps and inform policy and regulatory change. We call for mental health and policy experts to work together to improve our understanding of underlying mechanisms and develop practical interventions, helping to bring mental health within climate policy and regulatory frameworks.
Dasiglucagon in Children With Congenital Hyperinsulinism Up to 1 Year of Age: Results From a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: De Leon Diva D , Banerjee Indraneel , Kummer Sebastian , Birch Sune , Bøge Eva , Ivkovic Jelena , Kendall David M , Thornton Paul S
Published: November 2024

Context

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a cause of persistent hypoglycemia in childhood with a considerable risk of lifelong neurological sequelae. Available pharmacological therapies are limited. Dasiglucagon is a glucagon analog for the treatment of hypoglycemia.

Objective

To assess the efficacy and safety of dasiglucagon in children with CHI up to 1 year of age.

Methods

This study included a randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled part 1 and an open-label, single-arm part 2 at 4 centers in Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Participants comprised children with CHI aged 7 days to 12 months who were dependent on IV glucose. In part 1, participants were randomized to dasiglucagon or placebo for 48 hours, then crossed over to the other treatment for 48 hours. In part 2, all participants received dasiglucagon for 21 days. The primary outcome was mean IV glucose infusion rate (GIR) in the last 12 hours of part 1.

Results

Between June 19, 2020, and February 9, 2022, 12 eligible participants were randomized to dasiglucagon–placebo (n = 7) or placebo–dasiglucagon (n = 5). The IV GIR was significantly reduced with dasiglucagon compared with placebo (least-squares mean 4.3 mg/kg/min [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 7.60 mg/kg/min] and 9.5 mg/kg/min [95% CI, 6.24 to 12.81 mg/kg/min], respectively; P = .004). The most frequent adverse events in both treatment groups were gastrointestinal, dermatological, and metabolism and nutritional disorders.

Conclusion

In infants with CHI, dasiglucagon significantly reduced the amount of IV glucose needed to maintain euglycemia compared with placebo. Dasiglucagon represents a promising treatment for the management of CHI.
The Politics of Alien Listening
Authors: Gallope Michael
Published: November 2024

Daniel Chua and Alexander Rehding's book Alien Listening: Voyager's Golden Record and Music from Earth (2021) offers a deep philosophical discussion of NASA's Golden Record that had been attached to the side of its 1977 Voyager probe. The Golden Record was an album of sounds from around the world that was sent in the hope that an alien listener might be able to hear examples of music and language from planet Earth. Chua and Rehding's book uses NASA's Golden Record as a portal through which to imagine a new philosophy of music and listening based in vibration, inconsistency, generosity toward the unknown, and unconditional inclusion. This review analyzes the philosophical content of their book and poses questions about the underlying epistemological and political complexity of their ethical injunction.
David Graeber's Anthropology of Human Possibilities
Authors: Çubukçu Ayça
Published: November 2024

This essay offers a close reading of David Graeber's posthumously published magnum opus The Dawn of Everything: A New History of Humanity (2021), which he co-authored with David Wengrow. The essay engages critically with the concepts of “humanity” and “freedom” that The Dawn of Everything advances. Highlighting how Graeber's Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology (2004) foreshadows The Dawn of Everything in the kind of radical social theory both books advance, the essay proposes that we treat Graeber's scholarship as an anthropology of human possibilities.
Analysis of Current Evidence in the Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms: A Systematic Review and Proposal for a Reporting Guideline to Enhance Reproducibility and Comparability of Surgical and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Ferreira Marcio Yuri , Batista Sávio , Camerotte Raphael , Vilardo Marina , Nogueira Bernardo Vieira , Hong Anthony , Santos Ana B. , Günkan Ahmet , Bocanegra-Becerra Jhon E. , Ribeiro Filipe Virgilio , Perdigão Vinicius , Cardoso Leonardo Januário Campos , Bertani Raphael , Ferreira Christian , Langer David J. , Serulle Yafell
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Endovascular therapy (EVT) has recently become the most widely used treatment method for intracranial aneurysms (IAs). However, the literature on this topic is heterogeneous, with studies assessing and reporting surgical and clinical outcomes in different ways, lacking standardization. We aimed to evaluate the quality of these studies and propose a reporting guideline focusing on essential elements to ensure reproducibility and comparability.

METHODS:

After Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. Eligible studies were observational or randomized, reported clinical and/or surgical outcomes of EVTs for IAs, included over 200 patients, and were published in English between January 1, 2022, and January 1, 2024. Studies were assessed focusing on key domains: (1) reporting on the baseline characteristics of the patient sample, (2) assessment and reporting on imaging methods and aneurysm characteristics, (3) reporting on pivotal concepts definitions, (4) reporting on operator(s) and staff characteristics, (5) reporting on anesthetic protocol, (6) reporting on antiaggregant and anticoagulation therapy, (7) reporting on surgical details, (8) assessing and reporting clinical and surgical outcomes, and (9) reporting retreatment details.

RESULTS:

Thirty-nine studies comprising 79 604 patients were included. Our assessment revealed substantial gaps in the literature on EVTs for IAs, including deficiencies across all domains. An EndoIAs Reporting Guideline was developed, consisting of 74 items distributed across 10 domains, focusing on key surgical and clinical outcomes.

CONCLUSION:

Substantial deficiencies were identified in data collection and outcomes reporting in the available literature on EVT for IAs, thereby impeding comparability and reproducibility and hindering the building of cumulative evidence. The aim of the proposed EndoIAs Reporting Guideline was to address these fundamental aspects and has the potential to enhance the reproducibility and comparability of future studies, thereby fostering the building of cumulative and reliable evidence of EVT for IAs.
O (necessário) aprimoramento normativo do processo administrativo brasileiro: a reforma proposta pelo PL nº 2.481/2022
Authors: Araujo Valter Shuenquener de , Oliveira Rafael Arruda
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a atuação processual da administração pública, na forma da Lei nº 9.784/1999, bem como a reforma proposta pelo Projeto de Lei nº 2.481/2022. As considerações e perspectivas aqui apresentadas almejam criar maiores incentivos para a utilização do processo administrativo como instrumento-providência potente e principal para a resolução de desencontros e controvérsias entre administrados e administração. Os subsídios ofertados partem do pressuposto de que o agir administrativo processualizado, para além de guardião efetivo da juridicidade das decisões públicas, deve ser um prezável portador da confiança e efetividade da atuação do poder público, sendo o recurso ao Judiciário solução residual. A metodologia da pesquisa é bibliográfica e seu objetivo é o de realçar a importância da atuação processual da administração pública e de descrever e analisar as propostas formuladas no PL nº 2.481/2022.
Structural and Functional Implications of Polyarginine Addition to Green Fluorescent Protein Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae INVSc1
Authors: Tandio Saputro Shania Safera , Wahyunita Khayu , Nurhasanah Astutiati , Nugraha Yudhi , Faizal Irvan , Pambudi Sabar , Wibowo Syahputra , Pramono Andri Pramesyanti
Published: November 2024

Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) is widely used as a reporter gene, aiding in protein recovery and transduction studies. In this study, EGFP was tagged with eleven arginine residues (PolyR) and six histidine residues (His-tag) for purification. The aim was to enhance the synthesis of EGFP-PolyR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and evaluate the effects of polyarginine modification on protein stability and expression levels. The expression of EGFP and EGFP-PolyR in S. cerevisiae was assessed through fluorescence measurements and protein levels. Structural analyses were conducted using in silico tools to investigate changes in beta strands and helices, which were validated through Western blots. Results showed that EGFP-PolyR maintained similar fluorescence levels to EGFP, but with notable structural changes. EGFP-PolyR's final beta strand terminates at Ala228, compared to Gly229 in EGFP, affecting the beta sheet's stability. Structural modifications also included altered helix lengths, with a longer helix 10 and shorter helix 9 in EGFP-PolyR. These alterations, along with shifts in helix-helix interactions, contribute to destabilization. Additionally, EGFP-PolyR exhibited unique gamma coils absent in EGFP, further differentiating its structure. The structural changes led to decreased protein expression and solubility, as indicated by Western blot analysis, with EGFP-PolyR showing significantly lower expression levels. The findings suggest that EGFP-PolyR is prone to aggregation and misfolding, characteristics often associated with aggregation-prone proteins.In conclusion, the polyarginine modification significantly impacts the structural integrity, stability, and solubility of EGFP. While fluorescence is retained, these changes hinder protein detectability and purification, highlighting the importance of considering structural alterations when modifying reporter proteins for experimental use.
The challenging reality of the clinical learning environment at Damascus University Faculty of Dental Medicine in Syria: A qualitative study
Authors: Alfakhry Ghaith , Mustafa Khattab , Jazayerli Bashar , Alhomsi Khaled , Jamous Issam
Published: November 2024

Introduction In Syria, specialist dentists undergo five years of undergraduate education and four years of postgraduate education. In the latter, students engage in treating complex cases as part of their professional training. This study aimed to obtain in-depth qualitative understanding of the clinical learning environment at Damascus University Faculty of Dental Medicine, Syria. Methods Semi-structured interviews were held with eight postgraduate dental students at Damascus University Faculty of Dental Medicine. The faculty has eight clinical departments; therefore, a single participant was purposively sampled from each department. The male-female ratio of the eight interviewed participants was 1:1. All interviews were conducted between 26th April 2020 and 8th January 2021. Data were analyzed inductively using reflective thematic analysis. Pragmatic saturation was discussed during the analysis and the authors made an interpretative judgement to stop data collection at the eighth interview. Results Major themes which emerged covered different aspects of the clinical learning environment such as clinical training, social interaction and assessment procedures. Faculty’s negligence of their teaching duties was one of the most recurrent themes. In clinical training and due to faculty inaccessibility, students had to rely on themselves or their senior peers in training. The social climate was perceived negatively and assessment was described as unfair and biased. Discussion This study employed Gruppen’s conceptual framework to conduct a theory informed analysis of the clinical learning environment in a dental school with limited resources. The findings highlight important areas of improvement that needs addressing, including the unavailability of teaching staff, neglect of student needs, a competitive social atmosphere, and inconsistent assessment practices. Future research ought to focus on understanding the perspectives of teaching faculty and decision makers regarding the obstacles to implementing substantial reforms aimed at enhancing the clinical learning experience.
14-19. Yüzyıllar Arası Ahlâk-ı Adudiyye Şerhlerinde İş Ahlakı Meselelerinin Serencamı
Authors: Erdemir Erkan
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 14. yüzyılda Adudüddin el-Îcî tarafından kaleme alınmış bulunan Ahlâk-ı Adudiyye isimli Arapça risalenin, bu risaleye daha sonraki dönemlerde yapılan şerhler üzerinden incelenmesi ve bugünün iş ahlakı meselelerine dönük mesajlarının değerlendirilmesidir. 14. yüzyılda yazılan risaleye aynı dönemde Îcî’nin talebeleri olan Şemseddin el-Kirmânî ve Seyfüddîn Ahmed el-Ebherî tarafından yazılan şerhler daha sonraki dönemlerde de devam etmiş, 19. yüzyıla kadar her yüzyılda bir-iki ilaveyle ortaya bir Ahlâk-ı Adudiyye şerhleri külliyatı çıkmıştır. Çalışmada, dört bölümden oluşan risalenin, ev idaresi başlıklı üçüncü bölümünün varlık yönetimi ve çalışanların yönetimi başlıklı iki alt bölümü esas alınmış ve farklı yüzyıllarda yapılan dokuz şerh karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Böylece şerhlerde geçen iş ahlakı meseleleri bugünün bakış açısıyla değerlendirilerek, bir anlamda yeniden şerh edilmiştir. Çalışmanın en önemli bulgusu, ev idaresi ile ilgili tavsiyelerde orijinal risaledeki ahlaki perspektifin, yani işletme faaliyetinin öncelikli amacının işleri ahlaka uygun yürütmek olduğu kabulünün, takip eden yüzyıllarda da aynen korunmuş olmasıdır. Çalışmada, şarihlerin kendi dönemlerine ait toplumsal koşulları eserlerine yansıttıkları ile ilgili bazı bulgular da elde edilmiştir.
Modern Dönemde İktisadi ve Sosyal Yönleriyle Ahilik Geleneği: Mudurnu Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Ateş Yahya , Durmuş Muhammed Emin
Published: November 2024

Ahilik, Anadolu’nun ticaret hayatını uzun yıllar düzenleyen bir kurum olarak öne çıkmıştır. Ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel ve ahlaki etkileriyle öne çıkan ahilik, ticaretin sadece maddi kazançları üzerine değil, toplumun bütününü kucaklayan bir iş etiği ve dayanışma kültürünü de oluşturmuştur. Günümüzde küresel ticarette yaşanan etik sorunlar, ahilik geleneğinin yeniden değerlendirilmesini gerektirmektedir. Mudurnu, ahilik geleneğini günümüzde yaşatma amacı güden önemli bir ilçe olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Nitekim Mudurnu, 2015 yılında UNESCO’nun Dünya Mirası Geçici Listesi’nde “Mudurnu Tarihi Ahi Kenti: Ahiliğin Tanıkları (Bolu)” olarak yer almıştır. Çalışmada Mudurnu’da devam ettiği bilinen ahilik teşkilatının günümüze ne derecede aktarıldığının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda Mudurnu esnaflarından 8 kişiyle görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, ahilik geleneğinin Mudurnu’da günümüz ticaret ortamında hala etkili olduğu anlaşılmış; ancak bazı değişikliklerin yaşandığı görülmüştür. Geçmişe nazaran azalmış olsa da ahilik anlayışının ve bununla birlikte ahilik ritüellerinin ilçede halen devam ettirilmeye çalışıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Görüşülen esnafların halen ahilik anlayışına göre ticaretlerini düzenledikleri anlaşılmaktadır. Ancak, usta-çırak ilişkisinin azalması, ahilik geleneğinin yeni nesle aktarılmasını olumsuz etkilemiştir. Bu çalışma, Mudurnu’daki ahilik geleneğinin günümüzdeki durumunu değerlendiren özgün bir çalışma olarak literatüre katkı sunmaktadır.
ANALYSIS AND MINIMIZATION OF THE RISKS OF HARMFUL DEPENDENCIES IN THE PROCESS OF CONTINUOUS INTEGRATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SOFTWARE CODE
Authors: Alekseev Danil N. , Khamitov Renat M.
Published: November 2024

Continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) processes have become essential elements of modern software development, enabling automation and optimization of work processes. However, these processes come with risks associated with vulnerabilities in the dependency chain, which can lead to serious consequences such as unauthorized access and data leakage. The article discusses the need to implement reliable mechanisms for detecting and mitigating dependency risks to improve the reliability of CI/CD.
The main risk in CI/CD processes is the exploitation of malicious dependencies used during the software build and deployment process. The main types of attacks include dependency confusion, dependency hijacking, and typo cybersquatting. To prevent these threats, various protection methods are proposed, such as controlling access to private packages, using automated tools for monitoring and checking dependencies, and implementing machine learning systems to detect suspicious packages. These measures are aimed at ensuring the integrity and security of software products, minimizing the risks associated with dependencies in CI/CD.
Purpose. Analyze dependency chain attacks and identify effective risk management methods to ensure high security of continuous integration and deployment processes to improve software development practices by identifying and eliminating potential vulnerabilities and stability issues, which provides safer and more reliable software delivery pipelines, reducing the likelihood of failures and disruptions in production environments.
Methodology.  This work includes the results of both international and local scientific research. To identify the relationships and obtain original conclusions, the author uses theoretical research methods, paying special attention to the search and analysis of information. The authors apply theoretical research methods related to the search and analysis of information to identify connections and obtain unique conclusions.
Results. The analysis of the risks of malicious dependencies in the process of continuous integration and implementation of the program code is carried out. Methods have been identified to minimize the risks of dependency abuse, the need to implement multi-level security measures, including automated monitoring and analysis tools, strict access control to repositories and the use of cryptographic methods to verify the integrity of packages. In addition, regular audits and employee training help maintain a high level of security and awareness of potential threats.
Practical implications. It is advisable to apply the results obtained in the field of DevOps development in order to optimize the application development and release process by eliminating a known bottleneck: minimizing the risks of malicious dependencies in the process of continuous integration.
Revenue Maximization Under Unknown Private Values with Nonobligatory Inspection
Authors: Alaei Saeed , Makhdoumi Ali , Malekian Azarakhsh
Published: November 2024

Rethinking Informational Assumptions in Mechanism Design

Mechanism design has proven to be very effective is soliciting buyers’ incentives and finding the optimal way of allocating scares resources. A common assumption in classic mechanism design, however, is that buyers have full information about their values. Motivated by application in e-commerce, Alaei et al. (2024) consider settings without this assumption and finds the optimal selling mechanism for them.
investigar en filosofía e infancia: trayectorias, multiplicidades y comienzos. el investigador(a) como potencia de una mirada
Authors: Chacon quiroga Karen julieth , Pulido cortes Oscar
Published: November 2024

El texto presenta resultados del proyecto de investigación de la exploración del medio al espíritu investigativo en perspectiva de filosofía e infancia (FeI). Esta indagación hace parte de las preocupaciones teóricas y metodológicas que los grupos de investigación Aión: tiempo de la infancia y Gifse de la Uptc vienen desarrollando e implementado en instituciones de educación básica y media, especialmente en zonas rurales. Este artículo centra su atención en las siguientes preguntas: ¿qué significa investigar en perspectiva de filosofía e infancia?, ¿existen rasgos particulares de los sujetos —maestros investigadores— involucrados a los proyectos?, si es así, ¿cuáles se destacarían?, ¿cuál es el lugar de la pregunta en los procesos de investigación?, ¿de qué manera incide el contexto?, ¿qué hay de investigación en el movimiento creativo que transforma la realidad educativa?, ¿qué es lo creativo en investigación?, ¿qué compromisos éticos y políticos se piensan en el vínculo investigación-comunidad? el procedimiento metodológico tiene sus raíces en perspectivas que reconocen las voces de los actores. Se realiza un trabajo documental que involucra ponencias, artículos, tesis de maestría y doctorado; también se efectúan entrevistas no estructuradas a profesores investigadores universitarios y de escuelas públicas que hacen parte de la red filosofía e infancia de Boyacá. El artículo concluye presentando las voces, prácticas y características del sujeto-maestro-investigador en filosofía e infancia.
FERROCARRIL EN EL PAISAJE URBANO
Authors: Maia Doralice Sátyro , Santos y Ganges Luis
Published: November 2024

Se plantea el estudio de la segregación socioespacial en las ciudades referida a la relación ferrocarril-ciudad, de modo que unos análisis funcionales, estructurales y morfológicos permitan la interpretación de los paisajes urbanos resultantes en torno a la línea férrea y sobre todo del otro lado de la línea férrea. El texto responde a la primera fase de una investigación en curso (A linha que conduz também separa. Ferrovia e segregação socioespacial em cidades médias do Brasil e da Espanha), de modo que trata en primer término los conceptos de barrera física, barrera social y frontera urbana, después expone el problema de los pasos a nivel, continúa con el ítem de los paisajes obreros y el perfil social del otro lado de la línea férrea, para concluir con el planteamiento de unas bases analíticas operativas y unas consideraciones finales.
Desplazamiento forzado en el subsistema migratorio mesoamericano. Reflexiones geopolíticas y socioterritoriales desde las personas solicitantes de asilo en Estados Unidos en espera en Ciudad Juárez
Authors: DIAZ CARRNERO EMILIANO IGNACIO
Published: November 2024

La década que acaba de terminar será recordada como la década del desplazamiento forzado a nivel internacional. Ante este hecho, las respuestas políticas tanto a nivel internacional como a nivel Estatal, se han centrado en dos rutas: por un lado, la atención desde el derecho internacional de refugiados (DIR) y el derecho internacional humanitario (DIH); y la atención desde el punto de vista político y militar con políticas de contención y disuasión que diferentes autores denominan externalización fronteriza y externalización del asilo. La segunda vía de respuesta, contiene prácticas claramente violatorias tanto del DIR y el DIH, como del derecho internacional en materia de derechos humanos (DIDH). En las ciudades de la frontera norte de México, existe una gran concentración de personas desplazadas forzadas -tanto de personas desplazadas internamente, como personas solicitantes de protección internacional- que permanecen largos periodos de espera, con el fin de solicitar asilo en Estados Unidos. El presente trabajo expone los resultados de la Encuesta a Mexicanos Desplazados y Solicitantes de Asilo (ENMEDESA) 2022 y la Encuestas a Migrantes Extranjeros Solicitantes de Asilo (ENMIEXSA) 2022, para desde ahí, hacer una serie de reflexiones geopolítcas y socioterritoriales situadas desde Ciudad Juárez y desde las necesidades de las personas que se encuentran en dicha situación.
LAS ATMÓSFERAS AFECTIVAS EN LA GEOGRAFÍA HUMANA: ENTRE LAS GEOGRAFÍAS NO REPRESENTACIONALES Y LOS CIBERESPACIOS EMOCIONALES
Authors: Chaparro Jeffer , Bonastra Quim , Torres Heiler
Published: November 2024

Las atmósferas afectivas en la geografía humana: entre las geografías no representacionales y los ciberespacios emocionales (Resumen).
Exploramos aquí la intersección de las atmósferas afectivas con las prácticas espaciales tanto en entornos físicos como digitales. Reconociendo la geografía humana como un campo que estudia las relaciones y prácticas espaciales que configuran el mundo y el lugar, el texto profundiza en cómo las geografías no representacionales, aquellas que enfatizan las experiencias y prácticas más allá de las representaciones simbólicas del espacio, ofrecen un marco valioso para comprender las atmósferas afectivas. Argumentamos que las atmósferas afectivas, que podríamos definir como espacio-tiempos cargados de un estado de ánimo, son fundamentales para la experiencia humana. Discutimos cómo estas atmósferas no solo son perceptibles en los entornos factuales, como ciudades, paisajes naturales y lugares de encuentro, sino también en los ciberespacios, entendidos como los entornos electrónicos donde las interacciones humanas ocurren a través de tecnologías digitales. En el ámbito de las geografías no representacionales, destacamos la importancia de los afectos y las emociones en la producción y experiencia del espacio, sugiriendo que los espacios físicos y los ciberespacios no son meramente contextos neutrales, sino participantes activos en la conformación de las experiencias humanas. También examinamos, a partir de diversos ejemplos, las mecánicas del diseño y la puesta en escena de atmósferas mostrando que puede funcionar como un arma de doble filo. Finalmente, llamamos a la mayor integración de las apuestas emocionales en el estudio de la geografía humana, argumentando que comprender las atmósferas afectivas es esencial para abordar cuestiones relacionadas con la identidad, el sentido de pertenencia, el papel del arte y las dinámicas de poder en los espacios físicos y digitales.
Palabras clave: geografías no representacionales, atmósferas afectivas, ciberespacios emocionales.
A CIDADE COMO ESPAÇO PERMANENTE DE DISPUTA
Authors: Silva José Borzacchiello
Published: November 2024

O texto parte do pressuposto que os centros tradicionais das cidades brasileiras foram espaços estratégicos de reprodução do capitalismo financeiro. O processo de urbanização acelerado por que passou o país, além de promover a transferência populacional da área rural para a urbana, concentrou boa parte destes fluxos migratórios em poucos territórios. Nas cidades e principalmente, nas regiões metropolitanas, desencadeou-se um padrão de urbanização calcado na reprodução permanente de eixos de expansão horizontal. Essa expansão toma corpo a partir dos anos cinquenta e se acentua até os anos oitenta do século XX. Este modelo de desenvolvimento urbano ficou marcado pela expansão da fronteira urbana, impulsionado pelo planejamento econômico e territorial e, particularmente pelas políticas de financiamento e produção habitacional e de infraestruturas, principalmente sistemas de circulação e de saneamento. Do ponto de vista da produção habitacional, a disponibilidade de crédito a juros subsidiados voltado sempre para a produção de imóveis novos, permitiu à classe média das grandes cidades constituir novos bairros e novas centralidades na cidade gerando, além da expansão horizontal, o paulatino esvaziamento dos centros tradicionais.
DISPERSÃO TERRITORIAL CONTROLADA DAS MIGRAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS NO BRASIL
Authors: Bomtempo Denise
Published: November 2024

A migração é um tipo de mobilidade que articula as pessoas, no espaço e no tempo de maneira coexistente. Diversas são as causas para que as migrações ocorram. Diante de uma economia mundo globalizada, as desigualdades se manifestam nos territórios e condicionam expulsões, barramentos, aprisionamento e/ou constantes movimentos migratórios, os quais necessitam de explicações que considerem elementos estruturais e conjunturais enquanto condicionantes de tal fenômeno. No contexto da América Latina, o Brasil é um país constituído por múltiplos movimentos migratórios. Na tentativa de contribuir para entender a configuração e o conteúdo das migrações que atravessam o território brasileiro no século XXI, este texto tem como perspectiva discutir acerca das estratégias “acolhimento humanitário” subsidiada por organismos internacionais em parcerias com governos nacionais, que na essência revela, por meio da dispersão territorial controlada de pessoas em situação de migração, a normatização, o barramento e a contenção (mesmo que circulatória) de pessoas em situação de migração nos países que formam o conjunto do Sul Global. Para tanto, o referencial teórico alicerçado nos conceitos de migração, fronteira, instituição, agentes e escala, associadas ao levantamento de dados secundários, leitura de documentos e trabalho empírico contribuiu para que pudéssemos entender teoricamente a complexidade que alicerça as migrações no período atual, e que demanda, além da reflexão, a construção de agendas alternativas ao controle das vidas migrantes no presente.
ESCENAS DE USME-SUMAPAZ, COLOMBIA PRÁCTICAS ARTÍSTICAS ENTRE ATMÓSFERAS AFECTIVAS INVOLUNTARIAS E INTENCIONALES
Authors: Fracaso Liliana , Cabanzo Francisco , Gamboa Jorge
Published: November 2024

La realidad territorial de Usme-Sumapaz, en Colombia, se presenta extraordinariamente compleja, por las visiones encontradas de un rico patrimonio en disputa entre agudos conflictos sociales. Recorriendo el territorio, esta investigación-creación explora los entornos materiales, emotivos, afectivos y estéticos del paisaje y analiza cómo las escenas impactan lo sensible, componiendo atmósferas afectivas, anafectivas y desafectivas. Las escenas son la dimensión objetiva de la realidad, que estalla en la subjetividad y la emotividad de las personas produciendo atmósferas involuntarias de las que se pueden originar, intencionalmente, otras atmósferas con orientaciones, estéticas o expresiones lingüísticas nuevas. En este sentido, los investigadores-creadores del proyecto, junto con un grupo internacional de estudiantes de arquitectura y artes exploraron -en presencial y en remoto- los hechos cognitivos y emotivos del caso de estudio para crear prácticas artísticas, obras colaborativas y atmósferas afectivas intencionales. A partir de las escenas de Usme-Sumapaz ¿cómo se llega al concept de las obras? El artículo describe el proceso, las narrativas y enuncia con las obras las atmosferas afectivas intencionales.