bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic plasma exchange provides native liver survival benefit in children with acute liver failure: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Biswas Tamoghna , Lal Bikrant Bihari , Sood Vikrant , Ashritha Avalareddy , Maheshwari Ashish , Bajpai Meenu , Kumar Guresh , Khanna Rajeev , Alam Seema
Published: June 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in pediatric acute liver failure (PALF).

Methods

All children aged 2‐18 years with PALF were included. The intervention cohort included a subset of PALF patients undergoing complete three sessions of TPE, whereas the matching controls were derived by propensity score matching from the patient cohort who did not receive any TPE. Propensity matching was performed based on the international normalized ratio (INR), grade of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), age, bilirubin, and ammonia levels. The primary outcome measure was native liver survival (NLS) in the two arms on day 28.

Results

Of the total cohort of 403 patients with PALF, 65 patients who received TPE and 65 propensity‐matched controls were included in analysis. The 2 groups were well balanced with comparable baseline parameters. On day 4, patients in the TPE group had significantly lower INR (P = 0.001), lower bilirubin (P = 0.008), and higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) (P = 0.033) than controls. The NLS was 46.15% in the TPE arm and 26.15% in the control arm. The overall survival (OS) was 50.8% in the TPE arm and 35.4% in the control arm. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis showed a significantly higher NLS in patients receiving TPE than controls (P = 0.001). On subgroup analysis, NLS benefit was predominantly seen in hepatitis A‐related and indeterminate PALF.

Conclusion

TPE improved NLS and OS in a propensity‐matched cohort of patients with PALF. Patients receiving TPE had lower INR and bilirubin levels and higher MAP on day 4.
Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zhang Lin , Hua Zixin , Fang Zhenwei , Wei Juanjuan , Lin Yang
Published: June 2024

This study aims to systematically review the efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and provide a basis for the rational use of the drug in clinical practice. From the database's inception until February 2023, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and China Science and Technology Journal Database to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of oral semaglutide at dosages of 3, 7, and 14 mg (trial group) against placebo or other positive control drugs (control group) for the treatment of T2DM. Following literature screening and data extraction, the bias risk assessment tool in the Cochrane reviewer handbook 5.1.0 was used to evaluate the literature quality. Meta‐analysis was carried out with RevMan 5.4 software. A total of 10 RCTs with 9541 patients were included. The meta‐analysis results revealed that compared with placebo or positive control drugs (empagliflozin, sitagliptin, liraglutide, and dulaglutide), oral semaglutide significantly reduced the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients (compared to placebo, 3 mg [MD = −0.61%, 95% CI (−0.89, −0.34)], 7 mg [MD = −1.12%, 95% CI (−1.45, −0.79)], 14 mg [MD = −1.08%, 95% CI (−1.32, −0.85)]; compared to positive control drugs (7 mg [MD = −0.26%, 95% CI (−0.38, −0.15)], 14 mg [MD = −0.37%, 95% CI (−0.52, −0.23)]). Oral semaglutide also showed certain advantages over placebo or positive control drugs in terms of weight loss, HbA1c reduction achievement rate, fasting plasma glucose level, and body mass index with overall dose‐dependent efficacy. The incidence of nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting caused by oral semaglutide was higher than that of the placebo or positive control drugs, and the incidence of appetite decrease or constipation was higher than that of the placebo. Severe or symptomatic hypoglycemic episodes were reduced compared to positive control drugs. Oral semaglutide has definite clinical benefits of reducing blood glucose, body weight, reducing the risk of hypoglycemia, and with good safety.
The LTAR Common Experiment at Upper Chesapeake Bay: Integrated
Authors: Soder Kathy J. , Dell Curtis J. , Adler Paul R. , Laboski Carrie A. M. , Williamson Benjamin C.
Published: June 2024

Corn (Zea mays) crops harvested as grain in autumn do not provide opportunity for cover crop establishment, which may be remedied by interseeding cover crops into growing corn. Grazing cover crops after corn grain harvest could provide added revenues and increase nutrient cycling in the system while providing additional ecosystem services. However, tradeoffs between cash crop productivity and cover crop inclusion, and use as grazed forage, are not fully understood. This 4‐year Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research Integrated Common Experiment project evaluated the effect of interseeding cereal rye (Secale cereale) into corn for grazing after corn grain harvest on corn grain yield and late‐season grazing. Cereal rye was interseeded into corn in early June. After corn grain harvest, six paddocks at each location were randomly allotted to grazed (GRAZ) or not grazed (NG). The GRAZ paddocks were grazed with beef cattle in late autumn and again in early spring if regrowth allowed. Paddocks were flown with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) to characterize spatial forage yield and quality. Cereal rye provided an additional 20–30 grazing days in the autumn for 24 beef cows on 4.8 ha. Early spring growth shows potential to provide even greater forage yields than autumn, but growth is less dependable. Corn grain yields did not decrease except in 2019 (dry year) when yields were 40% lower. There were no significant differences in soil health indicators between GRAZ and NG paddocks. The UAS shows promise as a tool for monitoring forage yield and quality and optimizing grazing management.
The LTAR Cropland Common Experiment at the Texas Gulf
Authors: Yost Jenifer L. , Smith Douglas R. , Adhikari Kabindra , Arnold Jeffrey G. , Collins Harold P. , Flynn K. Colton , Hajda Chad , Menefee Dorothy , Mohanty Binayak P. , Schantz Merilynn C. , Thorp Kelly R. , White Michael J.
Published: June 2024

Texas Gulf is one of the 18 regional sites that is part of the USDA‐ARS Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network and focuses on cropland and integrated grazing land research in Central Texas, addressing challenges posed by soil characteristics, climate variability, and urbanization. This paper provides brief site descriptions of the two Cropland Common Experiments being conducted in the Texas Gulf LTAR region, emphasizing conservation tillage practices and precision agriculture techniques. The plot‐scale study is located in Temple, TX, at the USDA‐ARS Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory and examines conventional tillage, strip tillage, and no tillage practices. The field‐scale study, located in Riesel, TX, at the USDA‐ARS Riesel Watersheds, assesses the impact of no tillage, cover crops, fertility management, adaptive management, and precision conservation on crop yield, profitability, and environmental footprint. Key measurements include soil and plant analyses, greenhouse gas fluxes, runoff water quantity and quality, and field operations recorded with precision agriculture equipment. Despite challenges posed by urban encroachment, future research aims to incorporate new technologies, such as unmanned ground vehicles, to enhance sustainability and productivity of the agricultural landscape. These experiments provide valuable insights for stakeholders, contributing to the development of sustainable agricultural practices tailored to the unique challenges within the Texas Gulf LTAR region.
Komrower Memorial Lecture 2023. Molecular basis of phenotype expression in homocystinuria: Where are we 30 years later?
Authors: Kožich Viktor , Majtan Tomas
Published: June 2024

This review summarises progress in the research of homocystinuria (HCU) in the past three decades. HCU due to cystathionine β‐synthase (CBS) was discovered in 1962, and Prof. Jan Peter Kraus summarised developments in the field in the first‐ever Komrower lecture in 1993. In the past three decades, significant advancements have been achieved in the biology of CBS, including gene organisation, tissue expression, 3D structures, and regulatory mechanisms. Renewed interest in CBS arose in the late 1990s when this enzyme was implicated in biogenesis of H2S. Advancements in genetic and biochemical techniques enabled the identification of several hundreds of pathogenic CBS variants and the misfolding of missense mutations as a common mechanism. Several cellular, invertebrate and murine HCU models allowed us to gain insights into functional and metabolic pathophysiology of the disease. Establishing the E‐HOD consortium and patient networks, HCU Network Australia and HCU Network America, offered new possibilities for acquiring clinical data in registries and data on patients' quality of life. A recent analysis of data from the E‐HOD registry showed that the clinical variability of HCU is broad, extending from severe childhood disease to milder (late) adulthood forms, which typically respond to pyridoxine. Pyridoxine responsiveness appears to be the key factor determining the clinical course of HCU. Increased awareness about HCU played a role in developing novel therapies, such as gene therapy, correction of misfolding by chaperones, removal of methionine from the gut and enzyme therapies that decrease homocysteine or methionine in the circulation.
Zoonotic spillover and extreme weather events drive the global outbreaks of airborne viral emerging infectious diseases
Authors: Wang Zekun , Pei Shaojun , Cui Haoliang , Zhang Jianyi , Jia Zhongwei
Published: June 2024

Outbreaks of airborne viral emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) cause an increasing burden on global public health, particularly with a backdrop of intensified climate change. However, infection sources and drivers for outbreaks of airborne viral EIDs remain unknown. Here, we aim to explore the driving mechanisms of outbreaks based on the one health perspective. Outbreak information for 20 types of airborne viral EIDs was collected from the Global Infectious Disease and Epidemiology Network database and a systematic literature review. Four statistically significant and high‐risk spatiotemporal clusters for airborne viral EID outbreaks were identified globally using multivariate scan statistic tests. There were 112 outbreaks with clear infection sources, and zoonotic spillover was the most common source (95.54%, 107/112). Since 1970, the majority of outbreaks occurred in healthcare facilities (24.82%), followed by schools (17.93%) and animal‐related settings (15.93%). Significant associations were detected between the number of earthquakes, storms, duration of floods, and airborne viral EIDs' outbreaks using a case‐crossover study design and multivariable conditional logistic regression. These findings implied that zoonotic spillover and extreme weather events are driving global outbreaks of airborne viral EIDs, and targeted prevention and control measures should be made to reduce the airborne viral EIDs burden.
Incidence of pulmonary vein stenosis in two types of cryoballoon systems
Authors: Shiomi Satoko , Tokuda Michifumi , Sakurai Ryutaro , Yamazaki Yoshito , Matsumoto Takuya , Sato Hidenori , Oseto Hirotsuna , Yokoyama Masaaki , Tokutake Kenichi , Kato Mika , Yamashita Seigo , Yamane Teiichi , Yoshimura Michihiro
Published: June 2024

Background

Currently, two types of cryoballoon (CB) systems are available for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). Since the POLARx (Boston Scientific) is softer during freezing than the Arctic Front Advance Pro (AFA‐Pro; Medtronic), it tends to go more deeply into the pulmonary vein (PV), risking PV stenosis.

Methods

Ninety‐one patients underwent initial CB ablation for paroxysmal AF (AFA‐Pro 56; POLARx 35). Twenty‐six from each group were extracted using propensity score matching. The PV cross‐sectional area (PVA) was measured by tracing the area within the PV plane at 5‐mm intervals from the PV ostium in a distal direction for 20 mm or to the bifurcation in each PV. The PVA was compared before and 3 months after ablation.

Results

Time to balloon temperatures of −30 and − 40°C was significantly shorter and the nadir temperature was significantly lower with POLARx than with AFA‐Pro. In the left inferior (LI) PV and right superior (RS) PV, the freezing balloon position was significantly deeper in POLARx than in AFA‐pro. The freezing position in RSPV with mild to moderate narrowing was deeper than those without (10.2 ± 3.3 mm vs. 8.2 ± 1.8 mm, p = .01). In RSPV, the reduction of PVA tended to be greater with the POLARx than with the AFA‐Pro (26.1% ± 14.1% vs. 19.9% ± 10.3%, p = .07).

Conclusion

There was no significant difference in the incidence of PV stenosis between POLARx and AFA‐Pro. However, if POLARx goes deep into the PVs, we will still have to be careful.
The Semantic Integration of Multiple Unconscious Stimuli in Creative Problem‐Solving
Authors: Liu Chengzhen , Huang Qianling , Li Geng , Xu Dahong , Li Xi , Shi Zifu , Tu Shen
Published: June 2024

The process of creative problem‐solving (CPS) commonly demands that individuals consciously or unconsciously integrate creative ideas from a vast array of diverse information. Using a masked priming paradigm and the Chinese remote associates test (RAT), this study provides innovative behavioral evidence for the integration of multiple unconscious stimuli during CPS. In Experiment 1, three masked Chinese characters were simultaneously presented in the RAT, the first and third characters could be combined to form an answer. Two Chinese two‐character words were presented in parallel, each containing the answer in Experiment 2, and required the complete word information to be split and subsequently re‐integrated in a more complex manner than in Experiment 1. Interestingly, in both the experiments, multiple unconsciously processed stimuli generated a priming effect on creative performance. Specifically, a positive priming effect was observed in response to the difficult RATs, whereas a negative priming effect was observed in response to the easy RATs. Overall, our study verified that semantic integration between different unconsciously perceived stimuli can occur, which provides insights into the mechanisms underlying unconscious priming effects and contributes to a better understanding of how creative cognitive processing is influenced by multiple types of unconscious information.
Internalizing and externalizing behaviors in children and adolescents with Wilson's disease in the context of quality of life
Authors: Biernacka Marta , Jakubowska‐Winecka Anna , Biernacki Marcin , Janowski Kamil , Jańczyk Wojciech , Socha Piotr
Published: June 2024

Patients with Wilson's disease (WD) are at increased risk of poor quality of life (QoL) and social‐emotional outcomes. The above data has been well established in the adult population. What are the predictors of QoL in children and adolescents with WD are unknown. Our study examined whether subjective feelings about QoL are related to the psychosocial functioning in paediatric patients. A cross‐sectional study among 50 children with WD, aged 7–18 years. Participants completed the KINDL QoL questionnaire and the Child Behavior Checklist assessing internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Internalizing and externalizing behaviors and their interaction are significant in predicting the QoL of children with WD. Internalizing behaviors are significant predictor of the QoL β = −0.328 (p < 0.05). The effect of internalizing behavior on the QoL varies with the level of externalizing behavior β = −0.344* (p < 0.05). Simple effects analysis indicates that the highest QoL for children with WD is in the group characterized by both low levels of internalizing and medium levels of externalizing behaviors, t = −3.052 (df = 46) and p < 0.01, or high levels of externalizing behaviors, t = −2.725 (df = 46) p < 0.01. The interaction between internalizing behaviors explained an additional 7.5% of the variance in scores on the QoL scale. Overall, the final regression model explained 14.9% of the scores on the QoL scale. Monitoring internalizing and externalizing behaviors will allow a better understanding of the course of treatment. In chronic disease, the QoL is an aspect that determines the doctor‐patient relationship and often determines the course of the therapeutic process.
Effect of γ‐oryzanol/β‐sitosterol‐based oleogels on the physicochemical and gel properties of Nemipterus virgatus myofibrillar protein
Authors: Mi Hongbo , Yang Yingci , Yi Shumin , Li Jianrong , Chen Jingxin , Li Xuepeng
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

The effect of oleogels prepared with peanut oil and different concentrations of γ‐oryzanol and β‐sitosterol mixture (γ/β; 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 g kg−1) on the physicochemical and gel properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) was investigated.

RESULTS

The solubility and average particle size of MP first decreased and then increased with increasing γ/β concentration. Peanut oil or oleogels could induce the exposure of hydrophobic amino acids and the unfolding of MP, thus significantly increasing the surface hydrophobicity, sulfhydryl content and absolute value of zeta potential, which reached maximum values when the γ/β concentration was 60 g kg−1 (P < 0.05). The addition of peanut oil decreased the gel strength and water holding capacity of MP gel. However, oleogels prepared with 60 g kg−1 γ/β could significantly increase the hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bond content of MP gel (P < 0.05), which promoted the crosslinking and aggregation of MP, enhancing the gel properties. Peanut oil had no significant influence on the secondary structure of MP, while oleogels promoted the transition of MP conformation from α‐helix to β‐sheet structure. The results of light microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy indicated that oleogels prepared with 60 g kg−1 γ/β filled in the pores of MP gel network to form denser and more uniform structure.

CONCLUSION

Oleogels prepared with 60 g kg−1 γ/β could effectively improve the quality of MP gel and have promising application prospects in surimi products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Radiology–Pathology Concordance and Prognostication of Nodal Features in pN+ Oral Cavity Cancer
Authors: Duguet‐Armand Marie , Su Jie , O'Sullivan Brian , de Almeida John , Hosni Ali , Weinreb Ilan , Perez‐Ordonez Bayardo , Smith Stephen , Witterick Ian , Yao Christopher , Goldstein David , Hope Andrew , Hahn Ezra , Waldron John , Ringash Jolie , Spreafico Anna , Yu Eugene , Huang Shao Hui
Published: June 2024

Background and Purpose

The aims of our study are to evaluate the diagnostic performance and prognostic value of radiological lymph node (LN) characteristics in pN+ oral cavity squamous carcinoma (OSCC).

Materials and Methods

pN+ OSCC treated between 2012 and 2020 were included. Preoperative imaging was reviewed by a single radiologist blinded to pathologic findings for the following nodal features: imaging‐positive LN (iN+), laterality and total number, and image‐identified extranodal extension (iENE). The sensitivity of iN+ for pN+ was calculated. The diagnostic performance of other nodal features was evaluated in the iN+ subgroup. The association of radiologic nodal features with overall survival (OS) was evaluated. Inter‐rater kappa for radiologic nodal features was assessed in 100 randomly selected cases.

Results

Of 406 pN+ OSCC, 288 were iN+. The sensitivity of iN+ for pN+ was 71% overall, and improved to 89% for pN+ LN >1.5 cm. Within iN+, sensitivity/specificity for LN size (>3 cm), total LN number (>4), and ENE were 0.44/0.95, 0.57/0.84, and 0.27/0.96, respectively. Sensitivity of iENE was higher in the subset, with major (>2 mm) versus minor (≤2 mm) pENE (43% vs. 13%, p = 0.001). Reduced OS was observed in iN+ versus iN– (p = 0.006), iENE+ versus iENE– (p = 0.004), LN size >3 versus ≤3 cm (p < 0.001), and higher LN number (p < 0.001). Inter‐rater kappa for iN+, laterality, total LN number, and presence of iENE were 0.71, 0.57, 0.78, and 0.69, respectively.

Conclusion

Our study shows that despite modest sensitivity of most radiological nodal features, the specificity of image‐identified nodal features is high and their prognostic values are retained in pN+ OSCC.

Level of Evidence

3 (retrospective review comparing cases and controls) Laryngoscope, 134:4947–4955, 2024
Crosslinking Vinyl‐Addition Polynorbornenes via Difunctional Diazirines to Generate Low Dielectric‐Constant and Low Dielectric‐Loss Thermosets
Authors: Kandanarachchi Pramod , Meyer Gerhard A. , Musolino Stefania F. , Wulff Jeremy E. , Rhodes Larry F.
Published: June 2024

Thermosets having low dielectric constant (Dk < 3) and low dielectric dissipation factor (Df < 0.003), high glass transition temperature (Tg > 150 °C), and good adhesion to copper are desirable for the low loss layers of the copper clad laminates (CCL) in next generation printed circuit boards. Three different difunctional diazirines are evaluated for both thermal and photochemical crosslinking of a high Tg vinyl‐addition polynorbornene resin: poly(5‐hexyl‐1‐norbornene) (poly(HNB)). The substrate polymer, crosslinked by the carbenes generated from the activated diazirines, forms thermosets with Dk < 2.3 and Df < 0.001 at 10 GHz depending on the identity of the diazirine and the loading. The Dk and Df values for one composition are stable for 1600 h at 125 °C in air and for 1400 h at 85 °C and 85% relative humidity, suggesting good long‐term reliability of this thermoset. Adhesion of poly(HNB) to copper can be enhanced by priming the copper surface with a diazirine prior to high temperature lamination; peel strength values of greater than 7.5 N cm−1 are achieved. Negative‐tone photopatterning of poly(HNB) with diazirines upon exposure to 365 nm light is demonstrated.
Silver Coated Multifunctional Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Polymeric Composites as Electro‐Responsive and Piezo‐Resistive Artificial Muscles
Authors: Ince Joshua C. , Duffy Alan R. , Salim Nisa V.
Published: June 2024

Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) are a class of shape‐changing polymers with exceptional mechanical properties and potential as artificial muscles/polymer actuators. In this study, multifunctional LCE actuators with strain sensing and joule heating responsivity are developed. LCEs are successfully synthesized using the thiol‐ene two‐staged michael addition polymerization (TMAP) method. The LCE films are further functionalized via sequential polydopamine (PDA) and silver electroless coating. It is found that the PDA coating enabled the anchoring of the Ag particles to the LCE, thereby enabling the electrical conductivity of the Ag‐LCEs (<0.1 Ω cm−1). The studies confirm that the Ag/PDA coated LCEs can sense up to ≈30% strain, sense their own actuation strokes, and actuate at a rate of 1.83% s−1 while lifting a weight ≈50 times its mass in response to a 12 V 2A DC current.
Integration of proteinogenic amino acids in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia
Authors: Carvalho Michelle S. , Sforca Mauricio Luis , Rocco Silvana Aparecida , Furtado Danielle Zildeana Sousa , Silverio Cristiane da Silva , Nunes Marielle F. Queiroz , Vella Nunes Marcel , Adelino Marcelo P. Machado , Afonso dos Santos Leonardo , Jackowski Andrea , Affonseca Bressan Rodrigo , Lacerda Acioly Luiz Tavares , Assunção Nilson Antônio
Published: June 2024

Background

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe mental disorder of multifactorial origin in which the role of amino acids is relatively unknown. Based on the hypothesis that there is an imbalance in amino acid levels in individuals with SCZ compared with healthy controls (HCs), the aim of this study was to identify the 20 proteinogenic amino acids involved in protein synthesis.

Methods

This study included 43 sex‐ and age‐matched individuals: 20 HCs and 23 with SCZ diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. Using proton nuclear magnetic resonance, we identified the serum levels of the 20 amino acids proteinogenic. We perform multivariate statistical exploratory analyzes to identify compounds, quantify, and identify the main biomarkers of SCZ.

Results

We identified the serum levels of 19 of the 20 amino acids. Cysteine, the main precursor of glutathione, was not detected. Multivariate exploratory analysis identified lysine, Tryptophan (TRP), and glutamate as possible biomarkers of SCZ. Both lysine and TRP levels were lower and glutamate levels were higher in individuals with SCZ than in HCs. The observed reduction in plasma TRP levels in SCZ was attributed to the activation of the kynurenine pathway and has implications for serotonin synthesis. A strong positive correlation was observed between lysine and TRP, and a weak negative correlation between lysine and glutamate. This result is consistent with the lysine catalysis process because lysine degradation generates glutamate and favors an increase in dopamine.

Conclusions

The results are consistent with the lysine catalysis process because lysine degradation generates glutamate and favors an increase in dopamine. We were unable to identify any studies suggesting a relationship between lysine catabolism and SCZ pathophysiology, but we recognize this association as innovative.
Mitigating against the between‐ensemble‐member precipitation bias in a lagged sub‐seasonal ensemble
Authors: Mittermaier Marion , Kolusu Seshagiri Rao , Robbins Joanne
Published: June 2024

The Met Office GloSea5‐GC2 sub‐seasonal‐to‐seasonal 40‐member lagged ensemble consists of members who are up to 10 days different in age such that the between‐ensemble‐member bias is not internally consistent. Reforecasts tend to be used to convert these ensemble forecasts into anomalies from a normal state. These anomalies are however not that useful for applications where individual ensemble members are needed to drive downstream applications in the hazard and impact space. Here we explore whether there is a way of correcting for the within‐ensemble bias without using reforecasts. An investigation into the individual daily precipitation distributions from the JJAS 2019 Indian monsoon season, stratified by forecast horizon, highlights how the distribution changes, and shows that the model distribution is markedly different to the observed. Initial results suggest that it could be better to use recent model forecast distribution(s) as the reference for adjusting the model rainfall accumulations as a function of lead day horizon, that is, not attempting to correct the members to a vastly different (observed) distribution shape, but a more subtle shift towards the model's best guess of reality, rather than reality itself, to remove the between‐ensemble‐member bias. A combination of Exponential and Generalized Pareto distributions are used for parametric quantile mapping to remove this internal ensemble bias using computationally efficient pre‐computed lookup tables. Within‐ and out‐of‐sample results for the 2019 and 2020 monsoon seasons show that the method is effective in tightening precipitation gradients, with improvements in spread, accuracy and skill, especially for low accumulations.
Beat Pilot Tone (BPT): Simultaneous MRI and RF motion sensing at arbitrary frequencies
Authors: Anand Suma , Lustig Michael
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To introduce a simple system exploitation with the potential to turn MRI scanners into general‐purpose radiofrequency (RF) motion monitoring systems.

Methods

Inspired by Pilot Tone (PT), this work proposes Beat Pilot Tone (BPT), in which two or more RF tones at arbitrary frequencies are transmitted continuously during the scan. These tones create motion‐modulated standing wave patterns that are sensed by the receiver coil array, incidentally mixed by intermodulation in the receiver chain, and digitized simultaneously with the MRI data. BPT can operate at almost any frequency as long as the intermodulation products lie within the bandwidth of the receivers. BPT's mechanism is explained in electromagnetic simulations and validated experimentally.

Results

Phantom and volunteer experiments over a range of transmit frequencies suggest that BPT may offer frequency‐dependent sensitivity to motion. Using a semi‐flexible anterior receiver array, BPT appears to sense cardiac‐induced body vibrations at microwave frequencies (1.2 GHz). At lower frequencies, it exhibits a similar cardiac signal shape to PT, likely due to blood volume changes. Other volunteer experiments with respiratory, bulk, and head motion show that BPT can achieve greater sensitivity to motion than PT and greater separability between motion types. Basic multiple‐input multiple‐output ( MIMO) operation with simultaneous PT and BPT in head motion is demonstrated using two transmit antennas and a 22‐channel head‐neck coil.

Conclusion

BPT may offer a rich source of motion information that is frequency‐dependent, simultaneous, and complementary to PT and the MRI exam.
Muscle diffusion tensor imaging in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Authors: Barzaghi Leonardo , Paoletti Matteo , Monforte Mauro , Bortolani Sara , Bonizzoni Chiara , Thorsten Feiweier , Bergsland Niels , Santini Francesco , Deligianni Xeni , Tasca Giorgio , Ballante Elena , Figini Silvia , Ricci Enzo , Pichiecchio Anna
Published: June 2024

Introduction/Aims

Muscle diffusion tensor imaging has not yet been explored in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). We assessed diffusivity parameters in FSHD subjects compared with healthy controls (HCs), with regard to their ability to precede any fat replacement or edema.

Methods

Fat fraction (FF), water T2 (wT2), mean, radial, axial diffusivity (MD, RD, AD), and fractional anisotropy (FA) of thigh muscles were calculated in 10 FSHD subjects and 15 HCs. All parameters were compared between FSHD and controls, also exploring their gradient along the main axis of the muscle. Diffusivity parameters were tested in a subgroup analysis as predictors of disease involvement in muscle compartments with different degrees of FF and wT2 and were also correlated with clinical severity scores.

Results

We found that MD, RD, and AD were significantly lower in FSHD subjects than in controls, whereas we failed to find a difference for FA. In contrast, we found a significant positive correlation between FF and FA and a negative correlation between MD, RD, and AD and FF. No correlation was found with wT2. In our subgroup analysis we found that muscle compartments with no significant fat replacement or edema (FF < 10% and wT2 < 41 ms) showed a reduced AD and FA compared with controls. Less involved compartments showed different diffusivity parameters than more involved compartments.

Discussion

Our exploratory study was able to demonstrate diffusivity parameter abnormalities even in muscles with no significant fat replacement or edema. Larger cohorts are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
Mothers' experience of infant massage in child health care: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Danielsson Marlene , Lustig Hanna Hansson , Garmy Pernilla , Einberg Eva‐Lena
Published: June 2024

Aim

To investigate mothers' experience of infant massage.

Design

This was an exploratory‐descriptive qualitative study based on individual interviews.

Methods

A qualitative interview study with an inductive approach was used according to the COREQ guidelines. The participants in the study were mothers (n = 11) residing in Sweden who received training in infant massage from the child health care nurse in the child health care services. The transcribed interviews were analysed using a qualitative content analysis.

Results

The collected material resulted in two categories and eight subcategories. The categories were learning infant massage and using infant massage as a tool. The eight subcategories were massaging in a parent group, massaging at home, massage movements and the child health care nurse's supporting hand, reading the child's signals, creating time and relaxation together, interaction and connection between the child and the parent, relief from stomach problems and anxiety and continuing to massage the older child.

The study showed that mothers experienced that the relationship created through infant massage brought more joy, tenderness and security to the child. The child health care nurse had an important role in supporting the mothers, especially when it came to different views on doing infant massage at home and in groups.

Patient or Public Contribution

Mothers with experience of infant massage were interviewed.
Intrarater and interrater reliability of digital calipers in assessing Achilles tendon thickness in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Nazir Shaikh Nabi Bukhsh , Ansari Basit
Published: June 2024

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the intrarater and interrater reliability of measuring Achilles tendon (AT) thickness using a digital caliper in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey was conducted at the Physiotherapy Department of Rabia Moon Hospital, involving the recruitment of 61 patients with knee osteoarthritis. Measurements were taken in millimeters at a 90‐degree angle, approximately 5 cm from the attachment to the calcaneus, precisely where the ankle joint joins the medial malleolus. Two physical therapists conducted two testing sessions, separated by 7 days, to assess both the intrarater and interrater reliability of the digital caliper. During the second session, two raters simultaneously assessed the patients' responses on the digital caliper. The study analyzed reliability indices, including the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman plot.

Results

The study found high intrarater reliability for the digital caliper, with an ICC of 0.96 (95% confidence interval: 0.22, 0.99). For interrater reliability, the ICC was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96, 0.98) in patients with knee OA. Additionally, both interrater and intrarater agreement for measuring AT thickness with the digital caliper fell within acceptable limits on 95% of occasions, as indicated by the Limits of Agreement values: 0.32 to −0.53 mm for interrater agreement and −0.35 to −0.04 mm for intrarater agreement.

Conclusions

Digital Calipers have been found to provide excellent intrarater and interrater reliability when used to measure AT thickness in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).
Attitude takeover control of spacecraft based on neural network predefined‐time extended state observer
Authors: Shi Mingyue , Wu Baolin , Bernelli‐Zazzera Franco
Published: June 2024

This article introduces the problem of predefined‐time attitude takeover control for spacecraft. A novel radial basis function neural network predefined‐time extended state observer is presented, which facilitates estimation of external disturbance, unmeasurable angular velocity, and actuator installation deviation within a predefined‐time. A quantizer is then employed to quantize control input signal in controller‐to‐actuator side to mitigate communication pressure. Thereafter, a novel predefined‐time attitude controller is proposed to ensure system states converge within a predefined‐time. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is substantiated via numerical simulation.
Large‐Scale Analysis of Defects in Atomically Thin Semiconductors using Hyperspectral Line Imaging
Authors: Lim Seungjae , Kim Tae Wan , Park Taejoon , Heo Yoon Seong , Yang Seonguk , Seo Hosung , Suh Joonki , Lee Jae‐Ung
Published: June 2024

Point defects play a crucial role in determining the properties of atomically thin semiconductors. This work demonstrates the controlled formation of different types of defects and their comprehensive optical characterization using hyperspectral line imaging (HSLI). Distinct optical responses are observed in monolayer semiconductors grown under different stoichiometries using metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition. HSLI enables the simultaneous measurement of 400 spectra, allowing for statistical analysis of optical signatures at close to a centimeter scale. The study discovers that chalcogen‐rich samples exhibit remarkable optical uniformity due to reduced precursor accumulation compared to the metal‐rich case. The utilization of HSLI as a facile and reliable characterization tool pushes the boundaries of potential applications for atomically thin semiconductors in future devices.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Nanostructured 2D Tin Telluride
Authors: Singh Appu Kumar , Karthik Rajeev , Sreeram Punathil Raman , Kundu Tarun Kumar , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar
Published: June 2024

A lot of experimental studies are conducted on theoretically predicted thermoelectric 2D materials. Such materials can pave the way for charging ultra‐thin electronic devices, self‐charging wearable devices, and medical implants. This study systematically explores the thermoelectric attributes of bulk and 2D nanostructured Tin Telluride (SnTe), employing experimental investigations and theoretical analyses based on semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory. The bulk SnTe is synthesized through flame melting, while the 2D SnTe is produced via liquid phase exfoliation. The comprehensive assessment of thermoelectric properties integrated experimental measurements utilizing a Physical Property Measurement System and theoretical calculations from the BoltzTraP code. Experimental thermoelectric studies show a high ZT of 0.17 for 2D SnTe when compared to bulk (0.005) at room temperature. This rise in ZT is due to the high Seebeck coefficient and low thermal conductivity of nanostructured 2D SnTe. Density functional theory (DFT) studies reveal the contribution of the density of states (DOS) and energy bandgap in enhancing the Seebeck coefficient and lowering thermal conductivity by interface scattering.
Erhalten durch Modernisierung, Membrandächer refreshed
Authors: Stimpfle Bernd
Published: June 2024

In den 1990er‐Jahren wurden in Europa viele Membranprojekte realisiert. Nach teilweise über 30 Jahren Nutzungsdauer stehen bei einer Vielzahl dieser Bauwerke nun Dacherneuerungen an. Ziel ist es, sie langfristig weiterzunutzen, ihre ursprüngliche Attraktivität wiederherzustellen und die Standsicherheit für die nächsten Jahre zu bewahren. Die präsentierten Beispiele zeigen unterschiedliche Gründe für die Sanierung, aber auch unterschiedliche Herangehensweisen an die Modernisierung.
Emergent knowledge patterns in verification artifacts
Authors: Jung Sukhwan , Salado Alejandro
Published: June 2024

Knowledge graphs have recently been introduced to the verification strategy field successfully representing the complexity of verification in real‐life applications. This format provides a scale‐free analysis of verification strategies compared to the more traditional verification artifacts such as requirement traceability matrices and verification matrices. Complexities can be observed visually and numerically both in terms of the problem scope and the entity interdependencies. In this paper, we retrieve verification strategy information patterns representing different aspects of verification. This is achieved by tapping into the network properties of knowledge graphs. They are dissected to detect knowledge patterns emerging from different parts of the verification artifacts. Similarities and differences between the two verification strategies are explained numerically and semantically. Seemingly unrelated requirements and verification activities are connected through indirect connections, and orthogonalities between independent requirements are analyzed. These findings validate the scalability of verification planning and assessment based on knowledge graphs.
Communicating Alzheimer's biomarker results to cognitively unimpaired research participants: Satisfaction, utility, and impact on research attitudes
Authors: Erickson Claire M. , Ketchum Fred B. , Basche Kristin E. , Chin Nathaniel A. , Eveler Marcella L. , Clark Lindsay R.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Recruitment and retention pose a significant challenge to Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. Returning AD biomarker results to participants has been proposed as a means to improve recruitment and retention. We present findings related to participant satisfaction, utility, and impact on research attitudes from the amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) disclosure sub‐study within the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (WRAP).

Methods

Ninety‐nine cognitively unimpaired WRAP participants learned their amyloid PET results (mean age ± SD = 72.0 ± 4.8). Measures of reasons for wanting to learn results, study comprehension, result utility, visit satisfaction, research attitudes, and future study enrollment willingness were collected. Between‐group, chi‐squared analysis was conducted to determine differences by result type (elevated vs. not elevated amyloid PET result) in study comprehension, result utility, and visit satisfaction. Linear mixed‐effects modeling was used to evaluate changes in research attitudes and enrollment willingness as a function of time, amyloid result type (elevated/not elevated), and their interaction.

Results

The reasons most frequently endorsed for wanting to learn amyloid PET result was a “desire to contribute to research on Alzheimer's disease dementia” and “to inform preventative measures [one] might take (e.g., change diet, exercise, or other lifestyle changes).” Overall, participants reported understanding the results and found learning them useful. Satisfaction with the study visits was overwhelmingly high, with over 80% agreeing with visit usefulness and their satisfaction. Few differences were found between participants who learned an elevated and not elevated result. Over the course of the study, participants who learned an elevated amyloid PET result reported higher willingness to enroll in drug trials (beta: 0.12, p = 0.01) and lifestyle interventions (beta: 0.10, p = 0.02) compared to participants who learned a not elevated result.

Discussion

Formal incorporation of disclosure practices may encourage participant recruitment and retention within AD research.

Highlights

Participants wanted to learn their amyloid results to contribute to research.

Satisfaction with disclosure and post‐disclosure visits was high overall.

Returning AD biomarkers can increase willingness to participate in research.
A diagram-free approach to the stochastic estimates in regularity structures
Authors: Linares Pablo , Otto Felix , Tempelmayr Markus , Tsatsoulis Pavlos
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we explore the version of Hairer’s regularity structures based on a greedier index set than trees, as introduced in (Otto et al. in A priori bounds for quasi-linear SPDEs in the full sub-critical regime, 2021, arXiv:2103.11039) and algebraically characterized in (Linares et al. in Comm. Am. Math. Soc. 3:1–64, 2023). More precisely, we construct and stochastically estimate the renormalized model postulated in (Otto et al. in A priori bounds for quasi-linear SPDEs in the full sub-critical regime, 2021, arXiv:2103.11039), avoiding the use of Feynman diagrams but still in a fully automated, i. e. inductive way. This is carried out for a class of quasi-linear parabolic PDEs driven by noise in the full singular but renormalizable range. We assume a spectral gap inequality on the (not necessarily Gaussian) noise ensemble. The resulting control on the variance of the model naturally complements its vanishing expectation arising from the BPHZ-choice of renormalization. We capture the gain in regularity on the level of the Malliavin derivative of the model by describing it as a modelled distribution. Symmetry is an important guiding principle and built-in on the level of the renormalization Ansatz. Our approach is analytic and top-down rather than combinatorial and bottom-up.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of MAKO robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty versus conventional manual total knee arthroplasty in uncomplicated unilateral total knee arthroplasty a single-centre retrospective analysis
Authors: Ma Nanshan , Sun Pengfei , Xin Pengfei , Zhong Sheng , Xie Jun , Xiao Lianbo
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To compare the efficacy and safety of MAKO robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty (MA-TKA) with conventional manual total knee arthroplasty (CM-TKA) in patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis (KOA) during the early postoperative period.

Method

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 22 patients with KOA who underwent MA-TKA and 26 patients who underwent CM-TKA from April 2023 to July 2023. Hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), American Knee Society Score (AKSS), Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12), visual analogue scale (VAS), and postoperative complications were recorded and compared between the two groups.

Result

Both groups successfully completed the surgeries. In terms of radiographic parameters, postoperative one month LDFA and HKA in the MA-TKA group were significantly lower than those in the CM-TKA group (P < 0.05). At the one month follow-up, 19 patients (86.4%) in the MA-TKA group had an HKA less than 3°, compared to 20 patients (76.9%) in the CM-TKA group. Clinically, VAS scores at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h postoperatively were lower in the MA-TKA group both at rest and during activity. At one month and three months postoperatively, AKSS Function Scores and FJS-12 scores in the MA-TKA group were significantly higher than those in the CM-TKA group (P < 0.05). Regarding postoperative complications, no complications occurred in the MA-TKA group, while one patient in the CM-TKA group experienced postoperative knee stiffness, which resolved after physical therapy, with no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Compared with conventional manual total knee arthroplasty, MAKO robot-assisted TKA demonstrates better short-term clinical efficacy, achieves better alignment planning, and maintains good safety.
Comprehensive risk management of reservoir landslide-tsunami hazard chains: a case study of the Liangshuijing landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir area
Authors: Li Ye , Xie Xiaoxu , Jin Bijing , Chen Lixia , Liang Xin , Yin Kunlong
Published: June 2024

Landslide-induced tsunamis in reservoirs often pose greater risks than landslides themselves. Existing studies and mitigation practices have prioritized increasing landslide stability to meet safety standards, incurring high costs and lacking sustainability. More than 5000 landslides have developed along the Three Gorges Reservoir banks in China, and some may trigger tsunamis. To effectively and sustainably manage risk of landslide-tsunami hazard chains (LTHC), we propose a new framework (based on quantitative risk analysis) involves decision-making based on risk characteristics and local economies, a strategy for selecting optimal risk control plan through cost–benefit analyses that consider long-term effectiveness and adverse effects, and dynamic management through iterative risk reassessment-recontrol cycles. The Liangshuijing landslide accelerated in 2009, posing a tsunami threat to the Yangtze River and coastal residents. Post-mitigation, the risks under four mitigation plans and combined scenarios were quantitatively evaluated. The mass removal plan reduces total risk by approximately 68%, less than the 80% reduction from the anti-slip pile plan, but with a 30-fold greater benefit–cost ratio (BCR). The surface drainage and monitoring network plans show limited long-term cost-effectiveness due to short measure lifetimes, however, their short-term BCRs exceed those of the mass removal plan due to lower direct costs. According to comprehensive long and short-term analyses, combined plans involving mass removal are the most cost-effective. Our results reveal how to select appropriate strategies for managing LTHC risk, how landslide mitigation controls tsunami risks, and how time-related parameters affect solution effectiveness. Our findings show that partially mitigating risks may provide more cost-effective and sustainable management of LTHCs than eliminating risks to negligible levels.