bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential drug-drug interactions with phentermine among long-term phentermine consumers: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Fourie A , Julyan M , Mostert L , Du Plessis J M
Published: August 2023

Background. Phentermine is an internationally recognised amphetamine derivative with significant appetite-suppressing properties. The drug is indicated for the short-term management of obesity, as the long-term (LT) use of phentermine may potentially be associated with severe cardiovascular side-effects, abuse and dependence. The LT use hereinafter describes periods exceeding 12 consecutive weeks. This use may also be associated with potential drug-drug interactions (PDDIs), which may result in adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The literature reports that phentermine is often prescribed LT and for several other off-label indications, increasing the risk for individuals to experience adverse drug events (ADEs) and drug-drug interactions (DDIs). There are, to our knowledge, no South African (SA) studies investigating the prevalence of co-prescribing LT phentermine with drugs that may potentially cause DDIs.
Objective. To determine the prevalence of mild, moderate and severe DDIs with phentermine use when the duration of therapy in private healthcare exceeded 12 consecutive weeks.
Methods. A cross-sectional drug utilisation review (DUR) was done by using data obtained from a SA pharmacy benefit management (PBM) company’s database. Retrospective data of medicine claims for phentermine, from 1  January 2015 to 31  December 2019, were extracted for analysis. The number of days phentermine was supplied was used to identify the study population, in other words, those patients who received the drug LT. A drug interaction checker (Drugs.com) was used to identify potential mild, moderate and severe DDIs when using phentermine and co-prescribed drugs concurrently.
Results. A total of 889 patients received phentermine LT. The top 20 drugs identified as being frequently co-prescribed in this study population demonstrated no mild PDDI, 15 (75%) moderate PDDIs and 5 (25%) severe PDDIs. The most common co-prescribed drug in the moderate group was dextromethorphan (n=282, 31.72%) and the least co-prescribed was formoterol (n=52, 5.85%). Among the drug group ‘severe PDDIs’, tramadol (n=416, 46.79%) was most frequently prescribed, whereas phenylpropanolamine (n=69, 7.76%) was the least prescribed to patients in this group.
Conclusion. There are patients who receive LT phentermine therapy despite the potential severe consequences that may result. These patients may receive concomitant therapy with phentermine and other pharmaceutical constituents, which may potentially cause DDIs, more specifically, moderate and severe DDIs. As such, these patients are not only confronted with the consequences of DDIs but are also at risk to experience ADRs as the residual effect of PDDIs.
The association between cytology and histopathology in thyroid nodules over a 6-year period in an urban hospital in South Africa
Authors: Chetty M , Mbatha B , Fru P
Published: August 2023

Background. Thyroid cancer is prevalent both internationally and locally, and is the most common cause of endocrine malignancies in Africa. The prognosis of thyroid cancer in general is quite good, but to achieve good outcomes, appropriate methods for diagnosis are important. A cytology result obtained from a fine needle aspiration and biopsy (FNAB) is one such method, and is less invasive and has less risk compared with obtaining a histological result via open surgery. However, there are accuracy differences that have been reported in different literature findings.
Objectives. To determine the diagnostic accuracy rate of thyroid FNAB compared with histopathological samples at an urban hospital in South Africa (SA), and compare this with international standards.
Methods. A retrospective observational study was conducted of patients who had undergone both FNAB and thyroidectomies at Helen Joseph Hospital, Gauteng Province, SA, a public tertiary hospital, between 1  January 2016 and 31  December 2021. Various analytical methods were used, including Poisson generalised linear model, binomial generalised linear model, a two-proportion z-test, McNemar’s test and the F1 score.
Results. There were 164 participants in this study who were between the ages of 21 and 82 years old. Thirty-six records were excluded for use as a comparison between cytology and histology, as they were in Bethesda categories 1, 3 and 4. Out of the 128 records that were compared, there was statistically significant agreement v. non-agreement between cytology and histology findings for thyroid nodules (109  v. 19, p<0.001, respectively). A comparison between our sample population and internationally published standards in terms of rate of malignancy noted that our rate of malignancy was slightly higher in Bethesda 2 patients (5.88%) v. internationally published standards (0 - 3%), and slightly lower in Bethesda 4 (23.52%) and 6 (77.77%) v. internationally published standards (25 - 40% and 97 - 99%, respectively.
Conclusion. There was good correlation between cytology and histology for thyroid nodules. Differences were noted between the percentage of malignant cases in the different Bethesda categories compared with international standards as noted above. We recommend that further studies are conducted locally to improve knowledge on this topic.
Edadismo y publicidad: las marcas ya no esconden (tanto) las canas
Authors: Compte Pujol Marc
Published: August 2023

La gente mayor ha sido siempre un colectivo infrarrepresentado en la publicidad y cuando ha aparecido lo ha hecho de manera estereotipada y peyorativa. Es una realidad difícil de justificar, más teniendo en cuenta el creciente peso demográfico y económico de este grupo de edad. Sin embargo, poco a poco, van apareciendo iniciativas para hacer frente a este edadismo crónico. Ejemplos que merece la pena compartir y poner en valor para que ayuden a concienciar sobre la necesidad de un cambio de rumbo que ha de empezar por los propios profesionales de la comunicación que diseñan las campañas.
Financial regulation of social innovations as a tool for ensuring social security
Authors: Andreeva Olga Valentinovna
Published: August 2023

The relevance of the study is determined by the lack of understanding of a certain system of financial regulation of social innovations, which does not allow to ensure the targeted orientation, stability and fullness of financial flows within the framework of the implementation of socio-innovative projects and financing of social innovations throughout their life cycle, which can qualitatively affect chronically unsolvable problems that hinder the improvement of social security of society and the state. The purpose of the article is to formulate an approach to the formation of an effective system of financial regulation of social innovations in order to ensure the social security of the state. The research methodology is based on the developments of Russian and foreign scientists in the field of social security, social innovation, financial regulation. Methods of generalization, analogy, statistical data analysis, tabular and graphical methods of information interpretation were used.   The paper presents approaches to the concept and content of the concept of "social security"; the results of the author's calculation of indicators of social security of the Russian Federation in modern conditions by the index method, taking into account existing scientific developments, strategic planning documents, as well as publicly available statistical data; conceptual elements and approaches for the formation of an effective system of financial regulation of social innovations, based on the requirements of achieving social security. There are two types of financial regulation of social innovations (operational and strategic), levels of implementation (micro-regulation, mesoregulation, macro-regulation), the nature of the impact (stimulating or restrictive), forms of regulation (direct and indirect). The priority directions of financial regulation of social innovations to achieve social security are proposed.
Conformal Yamabe Solitons on Tangent Bundles with Complete Lifts of Some Special Connections
Authors: Altunbaş Murat
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we investigate conformal Yamabe solitons on tangent bundles with respect to the complete lifts a semi-symmetric metric connection and a projective semi-symmetric connection using vertical and complete lifts of torqued vector fields.
Effect of Newly Synthesized Methylxanthines on Motility, Fertilization Capacity of Male Gametes and Embryo Quality
Authors: Stavreva Plamena , Hristova Elena , Zlatkov Alexander , Todorov Plamen
Published: August 2023

Male factor infertility affects 30--40% of the subfertile couples worldwide and that poses a significant medical and social issue. Different strategies are developed to increase the fertilization potential of male gametes during procedures of assisted reproduction. One of these approaches is the addition of biologically active molecules, which help to stimulate the motility of spermatozoa. In the current investigation, we analysed the effect of two newly synthesized original methylxanthines (N-61 and T-1) on the kinetic parameters of male gametes and compared it to the action of pentoxifylline (methylxanthine approved for utilization in clinical practice). It has been found that N-61 and T-1 increase the motility and the biological viability of spermatozoa, but do not influence their fertilization capacity and the quality of the obtained embryos.
Phase Composition, Microstructure, Surface Hardness, and Corrosion Resistance of Surface Plasma Gas Nitrided Titanium Alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al with Indirect Plasmatron
Authors: Veselinov Deyan , Skulev Hristo
Published: August 2023

This study investigates and analyzes the influence of plasma gas nitriding with indirect plasmatron on the phase transformations, microstructure, surface microhardness, and corrosion resistance of titanium alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al. In order to achieve this, the limits of the power used in this process are a minimum of 12 kW and a maximum of 35 kW. The thermochemical treatment time intervals are set at 5, 10, and 15 min. It is found that the phase composition of the surface layer after plasma gas nitriding consists of α-Ti, (N, O), TiN, and TiO2. Titanium oxides are detected only on the outermost surface of the nitrided layers. The measured hardness of the plasma gas nitrided layers obtained of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al is up to 650 HK0.05. Potentiodynamic polarization analysis indicates that the subjects nitrided using 18 kW of power for 15 min have the lowest corrosion rate, while the highest corrosion rate is observed in those nitrided at 25 kW for 15 min.
Synthesis and Properties of Sol-gel Coatings Deposited on Hybrid Materials
Authors: Aleksandrova Mihaela , Petkov Vladimir , Blaskov Vladimir , Korzhov Valery , Kiiko Vyacheslav , Zheltyakova Irina
Published: August 2023

ZrO2-Al2O3 and ZrO2-Y2O3 coatings were synthesized using sol-gel technology with a complexing agent and HNO3 acid catalyst. The resulting coatings were deposited on Nb/Al, Ti/Al substrates. The synthesized coatings were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS analysis), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and XRD (X-ray phase analysis). The obtained data indicate that XPS analysis is very suitable for studying the deposited coatings. Interesting data on the phase composition and surface morphology were obtained from the XRD analysis and the AFM method.
Commensal bacteria maintain a Qa-1b-restricted unconventional CD8+ T population in gut epithelium
Authors: Guan Jian , Peske J David , Manoharan Valerio Michael , Park Chansu , Robey Ellen A , Sadegh-Nasseri Scheherazade
Published: August 2023

Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are characterized by an unusual phenotype and developmental pathway, yet their specific ligands and functions remain largely unknown. Here by analysis of QFL T cells, a population of CD8+ T cells critical for monitoring the MHC I antigen processing pathway, we established that unconventional Qa-1b-restricted CD8+ T cells are abundant in intestinal epithelium. We found that QFL T cells showed a Qa-1b-dependent unconventional phenotype in the spleen and small intestine of naïve wild-type mice. The splenic QFL T cells showed innate-like functionality exemplified by rapid response to cytokines or antigens, while the gut population was refractory to stimuli. Microbiota was required for the maintenance, but not the initial gut homing of QFL T cells. Moreover, monocolonization with Pediococcus pentosaceus, which expresses a peptide that cross-activated QFL T cells, was sufficient to maintain QFL T cells in the intestine. Thus, microbiota is critical for shaping the Qa-1b-restricted IEL landscape.
"Nordic Aspirations"
Authors: Berg Laila
Published: August 2023

This article explores the Scottish discourse on the Nordic region, that is, dominant conceptualisations of the Nordic region in contemporary Scotland in the context of the current Scottish nation-building project. Since the early 2000s, the Nordic region has received wide political attention and been presented as a viable and desirable role model for Scottish development by key political and social actors, including the Scottish Government and the Scottish National Party (SNP). This interest in the Nordic countries and the idea that they offer an alternative for Scotland which is line with dominant self-images of Scotland as egalitarian and social democratic has established itself as a central argument and aspect of the Scottish independence movement and the wider Scottish public debate. This article examines the historical development of the discourse on the Nordic region in Scotland, and its content by showing how the Nordic region is a multifaceted concept which intersects with Scottish nationalism and long-standing associations to the North. The Nordic region, in the Scottish context, is hence both a reality and a myth, a practical example and an idea. This dual quality is at the heart of the appeal and resilience of the Nordic region in contemporary Scotland, making the Nordic region Scotland’s main positive Other.  
Keywords
The Nordic region, Scottish nationalism, the Other, discourse, conceptualisations of North
Diktning som selvarbeid
Authors: Gaasland Rolf
Published: August 2023

Artikkelen tar sitt utgangspunkt i Peter U. Beickens beskrivelse av Franz Kafkas særegne narrative retorikk, og undersøker i hvilken grad Beickens beskrivelse gjelder for Kafkas korttekst «En sultekunstner». Artikkelen argumenterer for at Beickens beskrivelse er relevant for forståelsen av denne kortteksten, men at den også avviker fra beskrivelsen på interessante måter, og på måter som har konsekvenser for hvordan vi forstår tekstens sentrale anliggende. En konklusjon er at den særegne utformingen av «En sultekunstner» kan ses i lys av en interesse som sto sentralt i Kafkas liv og virke, nemlig forbindelsen mellom diktning og selvarbeid.
Pedagogising Virtual Reality Technology
Authors: Larsen Verner
Published: August 2023

Digital technology has increasingly influenced all areas of education, including higher education, with subject-specific technologies developed for professional contexts alongside general communication and collaboration tools. This article draws on a case study conducted in a bachelor programme within building construction design in Denmark, tracking how teachers converted technical knowledge about virtual reality into teaching practice. This transformation process has crystallised different pedagogies, even within the same course. One pedagogical aim was for students to learn to use virtual reality (VR) as a professional competence, while another was to use VR as a tool for learning subject content (building design). This case study raises general issues regarding teachers' use of technology for teaching, addressed in the research tradition of technological, pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK). However, to delve deeper into the educational transformation processes, this article adds an educational sociological perspective, including concepts from Legitimation Code Theory (LCT). With this background, this article raises new questions about the TPACK concept and discusses how the technological knowledge domains in the TPACK model can be differentiated to reflect various digital technologies and their functions, particularly in professional education.
The Association and Dissociation Tendencies of the Coaxial and Non- Coaxial Components of Shear Strength of Soils to Environment
Authors: Rajaraman J. , Thiruvenkatasamy K. , Narasimha Rao S.
Published: August 2023

Soil is rock on its way to ocean. It undergoes many changes during the travel. The important factors which influence the geo-technical behavior of soil are : Grain size and Shape, Gradation, Water, Parent rock materials and Environment. The Geo-technical behavior of fine grains in soil is highly complex than coarse grains. A pure cohesive soil has pure shear or coaxial shear component only. A pure friction soil has Non-coaxial or simple shear component only. Normally a soil sample is a mixture of coarse and fine grains. The shear strength is shared between coaxial and non-coaxial component of the total shear strength of soil. The environment influences the Geo-technical behavior of soil. The coaxial and non-coaxial components of shear strength (coax and non-coax) of soil accepts and adjusts to reach a new equilibrium in stability. In this paper the association and dissociation of coax and non-coax with environmental conditions starting from laboratory and ending in marine environment through examples, illustrations and documented, reliable data available in literature.
Comparison between the Laser Beam Ceilometer and an Algorithm for Continuous Evaluation of Cloud Base Height and Temperature, and Cloud Coverage at Local Scale
Authors: Malek Esmaiel
Published: August 2023

The ground-based laser beam ceilometers are used at the Automated Surface Observing Systems (ASOS) in major airports in the U.S. to measure the cloud base height and report the sky conditions on an hourly basis or at shorter intervals. These laser ceilometers are fixed-type whose transmitters and receivers point straight up at the cloud (if any) base. They are unable to detect clouds that are not above the sensor. To report cloudiness at the local scale, many of these types of ceilometers are needed. A single cloud hanging over the sensor will cause overcast readings, whereas, a hole in the clouds above the sensor could cause a clear reading to be reported. To overcome this problem, we have set up a ventilated radiation station at Logan-Cache airport, Utah, U.S.A., since 1995. This airport is equipped with one of the above-mentioned ceilometers.

This radiation station (composed of pyranometers, pyrgeometers with fields of view of 150°), and net radiometer provide continuous measurements of incoming and outgoing shortwave and longwave radiation and net radiation throughout the year. Considering the additional longwave radiation captured by the facing-up pyrgeometer during cloudy skies, coming from the cloud in the wave band (8-13 μm) which the gaseous emission lacks, we developed an algorithm which provides the continuous cloud information (cloud base height, cloud base temperature, and percent of skies covered by cloud) at local scale during the day and night throughout the year.

Comparisons between the ASOS and the model data during the period June, 2004, are reported in this article. The proposed algorithm is a promising approach for evaluation of the cloud base temperature and height, and percent of skies covered by cloud and its effects on aviation throughout the year.
The Cost of Increased Validity: Combining a Multiple Baseline Design with an ABAB Design
Authors: Whitehurst Geoffrey
Published: August 2023

A previous feasibility study, degradation of pilot flight performance when transitioning from digital instrumentation to analog instrumentation for the first time, was replicated using two single case research designs (SCDs). The validity of SCDs has often been questioned by researchers who use between-group designs. However, within the research fields using single case research, it is suggested that the validity of SCDs can be improved by systematic replication of single case experiments. This study investigated whether validity could be improved by systematic replication of single case experiments by comparing two SCDs: the multiple baseline design (MBD), which increases replications across subjects to improve validity, and the combined design, which increases replications both across and within subjects and may provide greater improvement in validity. The two designs were compared in terms of results, validity, and cost. The results of the data analyses did not provide any significant advantages or disadvantages for either design, and the improvement in validity of the combined design came at a considerable increase in cost.
Perception of current and Former Students towards Attended Music Programs
Authors: Ng Ka Man
Published: August 2023

The job market for musicians has always been competitive. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the perspectives of music students, and retrospective perception from graduates towards their training in music schools. The vast majority of participants reported that they are happy with their current jobs. More than half of the respondents ranked music schools as very successful in preparing them for the job market. Majority of the respondents believe that music schools should include more job-preparation courses in their offerings to prepare students for the always competitive music job market. More practical curriculum is advocated by some respondents.
Musical Expression on Wind Instruments: Perspectives from a Panel of Experts
Authors: Gibbs Brian K.
Published: August 2023

Musical expression, or a performer’s interpretation of the aesthetic message intended by the composer, involves thoughtful manipulation of perceptual variables such as dynamics, tempo, articulation, and timbre. Musical expression is commonly associated with artistry and achievement in music, yet research on pedagogy for teaching musical expression to wind instrumentalists is limited. The purpose of this study is to use perspectives from professional wind instrumentalists and conductors to explore how musical expression on wind instruments is demonstrated and measured. The qualitative tradition of the Delphi method, with three rounds of data collection, provided the structure for answering the research questions. The importance of effectively communicating musical interpretation through performance was a recurring theme within the data collection as well as the literature review. Findings suggest that a performer’s abilities both to appropriately analyze the music and then to successfully communicate his or her interpretation of the music to a listener are critical for achieving artistry in musical expression. The study may provide valuable insight for a deeper understanding of pedagogical strategies needed for teaching musical expression to wind instrumentalists.
An interactive and integrated framework for collaborative product development in cloud manufacturing using STEP standard-based ontology model
Authors: Zaringhalam SeyedehTina , Khalilzadeh Mohammad , Fatahi Valilai Omid
Published: August 2023

Due to the growing competition of firms in manufacturing industries, the enhancement of the design of new products for quick and collaborative interaction of stakeholders is inevitable. A customer-oriented approach during the enhancing of product design requires the support of various stakeholders’ collaboration from their functionality perspectives. Accordingly, manufacturing firms try to increase the product quality through the continuous collaboration and speeding up of the design process. Moreover, new manufacturing paradigms like cloud manufacturing require global and distributed collaboration of stakeholders. One competitive key necessity for firms is the integration of stakeholders in the design and production stages. This article has proposed an interactive and integrated framework for a cloud collaborative manufacturing system. The proposed framework uses the international STEP standard which ensures data integrity in the whole product development processes. The framework enables stakeholders to work collaboratively and interactively in their disciplines, while it also ensures coherency of modifications to avoid conflicts. The proposed model is introduced using an improvisational design method based on the STEP standard to create an interactive platform with a service-oriented approach and supports stakeholders for their own semantics. In addition to examining the needs of an interactive system, the article provides an architecture for implementation of this perspective. A comprehensive case study is designed to show the capabilities of the proposed framework.
Orbital Apex Syndrome and Pituitary Metastasis in Lung Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Khaladkar Sanjay M , Gupta Vanshita , Navani Rahul Srichand , Goyal Shreeya
Published: August 2023

Orbital Apex Syndrome (OAS) is a spectrum of Orbital Apex Disorder (OAD) in which progressive vision loss occurs due to the involvement of oculomotor nerve at the orbital apex, resulting in optic neuropathy and ophthalmoplegia. Generally patients represents with the associated symptoms related to the structures involved, specifically the orbital fissure, orbital appex or cavernous sinus, collectively known as OAD. The present study reports a case of in 38-year-old female patient, detected to have carcinoma bronchus on further evaluation. The patient presented with bilateral progressive blurring of vision, diplopia, and headache. The Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain and orbits revealed thickening of the intracanalicular portion of the right optic nerve, thickening of the intracranial portion of bilateral bilateral optic nerves, a soft tissue intensity lesion at the planum sphenoidale, pituitary gland with out a bright spot, nodular thickening of infundibulum, and thickening of the bilateral cavernous sinus showing near homogeneous postcontrast enhancement. A Chest X-ray (CXR) followed by High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) thorax confirmed a soft tissue density mass lesion with spiculated margins in the posterior segment of the right upper lobe, along with an abrupt termination of the posterior segmental bronchus. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy revealed narrowing of the right upper lobe segmental bronchus. Bronchial lavage fluid revealed features of adenocarcinoma. A whole-body Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan performed elsewhere showed a welldefined hypermetabolic, heterogeneously enhancing soft tissue in the posterior segment of the right upper lobe and at the right orbital apex. Tissue diagnosis could not be confirmed as the patient’s health deteriorated. The MRI brain and orbits with contrast is the most important modality in evaluating OAD. The OAS is rarely reported as the first symptom of an occult lung carcinoma.
Outcomes and Associated Factors of Pregnancy Related Acute Kidney Injury: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Mahesh Bennikal , Manjunath R , Sanjay T Patil , Nagraj Naik D , Atul Desai , Akkamahadevi AS , Rashmi Bennikal
Published: August 2023

Introduction: In developing countries, the incidence of Pregnancy-Related Acute Kidney Injury (PRAKI) has significantly decreased over the past three decades. However, it remains a major contributor to maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. Aim: This retrospective longitudinal study aims to determine the aetiology, outcomes, and factors associated with maternalfoetal outcomes of PRAKI. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary care Medical College Hospital in Dharwad district, Karnataka, India. It included patients with AKI during pregnancy and the peripartum period, admitted between January 2014 and December 2021. A total of 156 subjects at risk of PRAKI were identified. Data was collected from the Medical Records Department (MRD), and three months of patient follow-up data were also collected. PRAKI diagnosis and staging were done using the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria. Primary outcomes included the need for dialysis, renal recovery, renal biopsy findings, and development of CKD. Secondary outcomes were maternal and foetal mortality and birth weight. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Results: The mean age of the participants was 26.34±4.67 years. The most common cause of PRAKI was Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) (75 cases, 48.1%), followed by sepsis (67 cases, 42.90%), and Haemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelet count (HELLP) syndrome (32 cases, 20.50%). Out of the 156 PRAKI patients, one-fourth (42 cases, 26.92%) required haemodialysis, 126 (93%) achieved complete renal recovery, 12 (7.6%) required renal biopsy, 9 (6.6%) developed chronic kidney disease, and 3 (2.2%) developed end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Maternal mortality was observed in 21 patients (13.46%), and foetal mortality occurred in 47 patients (31%) out of 156 perinatal outcomes. Conclusion: PRAKI was associated with poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. PIH, followed by sepsis, remained the leading cause of PRAKI. Immediate referral of patients to a higher centre and comprehensive antenatal care in peripheral areas can reduce the overall health and economic burden.
Exploring Fish Consumption Patterns: A Comparative Study of Urban and Rural Households in Kawardha, (Kabirdham District) Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Devi B. Nightingale , Sahu Aishwarya , Nirmalkar Doman , Paikra Chandramukhi , Sahu Roshmi
Published: August 2023

This study examined regional differences in fish consumption patterns and their correlation with household characteristics in the Kawardha block of Chhattisgarh, India. The study explored various aspects of fish consumption, including occupation, monthly income and expenditure, consumption frequency, species preference, factors influencing fish consumption, and constraints faced by fish consumers. A survey was conducted with 100 respondents (50 households from each region), randomly selected. The collected data were analysed using frequency and percentage and the findings revealed that rural households consumed more fish compared to urban households, with Rohu (Labeo rohita) emerging as the preferred fish species in both regions. The majority of consumers in both rural (45.25%) and urban areas (62.5%) preferred to consume fish once a week. The High Income group (HIG) urban households (82.75%) and low-income group (LIG) rural households (88.23%) were the primary fish consumers. The study also observed that households with a heavy occupational lifestyle consumed more fish (68%) in rural areas, whereas households with a sedentary occupational lifestyle consumed more fish in urban areas (44%). Factors influencing fish consumption were found to be the price and quality of fish. Constraints faced by fish consumers included concerns about hygiene and the availability of desired fish sizes. Various reasons were identified for the reluctance to consume fish, such as the presence of bones, religious beliefs, and sensory preferences. Understanding the regional disparities in fish consumption patterns and the associated household characteristics can guide targeted interventions for promoting sustainable and healthy fish consumption practices in both rural and urban areas. This knowledge can contribute to the development of strategies to address constraints and improve fish consumption habits, leading to better nutrition and overall well-being of inhabitants of both regions.
Assessing the Changes in Consumption Patterns of Households Due to COVID-19 Measures in Kenya
Authors: Mungai Kelvin , Okello Dickson , Opondo Florence
Published: August 2023

This article assessed the changes in household consumption patterns due to COVID-19 interventions in Kenya. COVID-19 measures brought about several challenges globally. The COVID-19 pandemic impacted many elements of people's lives, including their financial well-being. Households had to adapt their buying patterns and food consumption patterns to cope with the new economic realities due to COVID-19 measures in Kenya, such as a ban on social gatherings, closure of institutions, and movement restrictions through lockdowns and curfews. The descriptive approach was used in the study, which used a cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire to collect data from 246 households. Results revealed that household intake of meat, dairy, fruits, snacks, and wheat products decreased significantly (p-values <0.001). Findings also demonstrated a substantial drop in the frequency of shopping for pre-packaged meals, snacks, and meat products (p-values <0.001) and a significant rise in the frequency of shopping for vegetables and wheat products (p-values <0.001) and fruits (p-values <0.05). This paper suggests that policies be designed to enable city dwellers to acquire, purchase, prepare, and consume food during a crisis to provide healthier and more sustainable consumption patterns.
A Unique Case of Emphysematous Pyometra and Uterine Adenocarcinoma Co-Incidence in a Doberman Female Dog
Authors: Umamageswari J. , Rasool Akhter , Sureshkumar R. , Rangasamy S. , Pazhanivel N. , Sarath T. , Krishnakumar K.
Published: August 2023

Background: Emphysematous pyometra is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition observed in intact female dogs, characterized by the accumulation of infectious exudate within the uterus and accompanied by the presence of gas. This report highlights an exceptional case where two distinct medical conditions manifested concurrently in a female Doberman pinscher – the coexistence of emphysematous pyometra and uterine adenocarcinoma. This juxtaposition not only creates an uncommon clinical scenario but also introduces complex challenges in terms of effective clinical management and therapeutic decision-making.

Case Presentation: In this current case, a 4-year-old Doberman female dog underwent an ovariohysterectomy due to advanced purulent uterine infection. Upon gross examination, the uterine horns displayed distension and contained a mixture of fluid and gas. A uterine tissue sample was submitted for histopathological analysis, which unveiled thickened endometrial folds and the presence of neoplastic cells. Both gross and histopathological features confirmed the presence of emphysematous pyometra and uterine adenocarcinoma.

Conclusion: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this represents a novel case of concurrent emphysematous pyometra and uterine adenocarcinoma reported in canines. The extraordinary rarity of encountering both conditions simultaneously underscores the importance of thorough veterinary diagnostic protocols and prompt therapeutic interventions.
Potentials of Constructed Wetland for the Treatment of Wastewater from Cocopeat Production Industry
Authors: S. Lokesh , Parameswari E. , Janaki P. , Jayashree R. , Poorniammal R.
Published: August 2023

The cocopeat production industry generates a significant amount of wastewater containing high organic loads and chemical residues, posing environmental challenges and economic concerns. This study aims to assess the potential of constructed wetlands as an innovative and sustainable approach for managing coco peat production industry wastewater. An artificial wetland was created and filled with 30% soil, 40% sand, 10% bio and hydrochar, and 20% gravel along with Canna indica was used as the plant component. Three types of hydraulic loading rates were studied: 5 ml/min, 10 ml/min, and 15 ml/min, with a retention time of 7 days.

The results showed that the wastewater contains significant levels of Electrical Conductivity (5.24 – 6.31 dS m-1), Total Dissolved Solids (4190 - 5150 mg/L), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (730 - 818 mg/L), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (1825 – 2045 mg/L). The utilization of artificial wetlands along with Canna indica decreased the pollution loads by 42% of Electrical Conductivity, 41% of Biochemical Oxygen Demand, and Chemical Oxygen Demand, 45% of Total Suspended Solids, and 55% of Total Dissolved Solids.

Based on the above results, constructed wetlands are recognized as a reliable wastewater treatment technique and a good solution for the treatment of coirpith washwater, which is a step towards a greener and more sustainable future. By integrating these natural filtration systems into the wastewater treatment process, industries can foster a harmonious coexistence with the environment, ensuring a balance between economic growth and environmental well-being.
Impact of Nitrogen Levels on the Growth and Medicinal Properties of Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) in an Inceptisol of Varanasi, India
Authors: Rani Vanita , Kumar Vipul , Meena Ramawatar , Jain Shreyans Kumar , Birla Devilal
Published: August 2023

Aims:  Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus), is a perennial herbaceous, belongs to the Apocynaceae family. The medicinal poperties are more economically important than the yield of the plant. Nitrogen is the main nutrient affect the medicinal properties of the plant. The main aim of this study was the evaluation of the effects of nitrogen on growth of the Catharanthus roseus and the presence or absence of alkaloid vinblastine.

Place and Duration of Study:  The experiment involved a pot experiment conducted during Rabi season of 2021-2022 in the net house, at Agricultural Research Farm of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.

Methodology: The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with five nitrogen levels i.e. Control (RDF), 2.5g urea/pot, 5.0g urea/pot, 7.5g urea/pot and 10.0g urea/pot in three replications. Plants fed with recommended dose of P: K (40:40) and nitrogen fertilizer according to treatment.

Results: Higher dose of nitrogen i.e., 10.0 g/urea (T5) showed the greatest increase in plant height, number of branches, flowers per plant and SPAD value while number of leaves per plant was maximum at 2.5 g urea/pot (T2) whereas the lowest growth were exhibited in control treatment (T1). The presence or absence of vinblastine was tasted by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and the result showed that at all the levels of nitrogen treatment, vinblastine was present except at control treatment (T1) till a month after transplanting.
Field Screening for Powdery Mildew Resistance (Erysiphe polygoni DC) in Cowpea
Authors: Reddy B. Rajasekhar , Nagendran K. , Pandey Maneesh , Rai N.
Published: August 2023

Aim: The present study was conducted to identify the cowpea genotypes resistant to powdery mildew.

Study Design: One hundred and nine cowpea genotypes were laid out in Augmented Block Design in a single row plot of 4m length and 60cm distance between the rows.

Place and Duration of Study: In total 109 genotypes of cowpea were screened for powdery mildew under field conditions during winter 2018 and winter 2019.

Methodology: All these genotypes were screened under field conditions along with susceptible line VRCP-1444-5 as infector row.

Results: During winter powdery mildew incidence in cowpea was high under Varanasi conditions when cowpea is under maturity stage. Powdery mildew incidence was severe in winter months especially from second fortnight of November to January. Each genotype was grown in a single row. Scoring was done in 0-5 scale. The genotypes that had shown resistance to powdery mildew during winter 2018 were sown again in 2019 for identifying suitable resistant genotypes. Results showed that, 2 genotypes namely IC202280 and EC528412 were completely free from disease during both the seasons of screening and they falls under the category of immune.

Conclusion: Hence these genotypes may be used as resistant donor for development of varieties/lines resistant to powdery mildew.
Isolation and Characterization of Rice Blast and Brown Spot Disease in Different Regions of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Aishwarya V. , Manoranjitham S. K. , Gopalakrishnan C. , Somasundaram E. , Geethanjali S.
Published: August 2023

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important staple food crop cultivated in almost every district of Tamil Nadu. Among the rice fungal diseases, rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae and brown spot caused by Bipolaris oryzae are considered to be most potent threats causing major yield losses in Tamil Nadu. The present study aims in identification and characterization of rice blast and brown spot pathogen from different rice growing regions of Tamil Nadu. Three isolates of blast pathogen and five isolates of brown spot pathogen were collected and characterized based on colony morphology and conidial characters. P. oryzae and B. oryzae was identified based on cultural and morphological characters. Molecular characterization of blast and brown spot isolates were done with universal ITS primers. Pathogenicity test was carried out for all the isolates of blast and brown spot and the isolate showing maximum disease incidence was found as virulent one. The present work of morphological and molecular characterization of blast and brown spot pathogen will therefore be helpful to identify and manage the disease effectively in Tamil Nadu.
A Tally of Computed Tomographic Scan Findings in the Immediate Post-Installation Period in a Rural Based Hospital in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Izevbekhai O. S. , Irabor P. F. I. , Eluehike S. U. , Oriaifo B. , Otaigbe O.
Published: August 2023

Background: The utilization of Computed Tomographic scanners for imaging has gradually evolved in Nigeria since the installation of the first scanner at the University College Hospital, Ibadan in 1989. However, most rural and sub-urban health facilities in Sub-Saharan Africa still lack this all-important modality.

Aim and Objectives: To retrospectively determine the pattern of distribution of CT requests, indications and findings on imaging amongst a small cohort of patients scanned in the immediate post-installation phase of a 32-slice Canon CT scanner.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the requests and reports of thirty patients who had undergone CT examinations of different body regions within the first ten days of installation of a 32-slice Aquilion CT scanner at the Radiology department of one of Nigerias’ leading infectious disease hospital (Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital) in Irrua town. The data were retrieved, coded and entered into Microsoft excel spreadsheet and further analysed using SPSS version 21.

Results: Male patients were more than females in an approximate ratio of 2:1. Majority of patients fell within the age range of 18-64 years. Stroke was the commonest indication and accounted for 33.3% of patients imaged. Although, the craniofacial region was the most commonly imaged region for suspected neurological diseases accounting for 20(67%) of patients, the brain was observed to be grossly normal in 7(23.3%) patients. Rhinosinusitis was the commonest finding seen.   

Conclusions: Males were the most commonly scanned group, while the craniofacial region was the most imaged region. Neurological disorders and stroke cases together accounted for most CT referrals with stroke being the commonest. Rhinosinusitis and normal brain morphology were the most commonly encountered findings.
Efficacy of Different Doses of Oral Clonidine as Premedication in Attenuating Haemodynamic Response to Pneumoperitoneum in Patients During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Mehta Saloni , Mathew Shaji , Podder Suvajit , Shetty Deepali
Published: August 2023

Background: Laparoscopy procedures have gained an increasing demand over the years and rightly so due to its numerous advantages proving it superior to open surgeries. This is therefore important to all the anaesthesiologists to learn the physiological changes during laparoscopic surgery as well how to manipulate and blunt the hemodynamics as well.
Methods: We have taken one such drug, an alpha agonist, oral clonidine and compared its 3 different doses to conclude the most efficacious and safe dosage amongst it.
Results: 100 mcg dose of oral Clonidine is the most safest and most effective amongst the 3 doses of 50, 100 and 150 mcg.
Conclusion: 1) Premedication with oral clonidine is a safe and effective method that provides haemodynamic stability against the neuroendocrine responses due to carboperitoneum in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
2) Escalation of doses from 100 microgram to 150 microgram increases adverse effects and does not enhance efficacy.
In Vitro Acaricidal Effect of Proparacaine HCl on Demodex Folliculorum
Authors: Demirci Göktuğ
Published: August 2023

Purpose: This research aimed to assess the underlying cause behind the in vitro acaricidal impact of proparacaine HCl on Demodex Folliculorum.

Methods: In accordance with Gao's suggestion we epilated a total of 8 eyelashes 4 from the lower and 4 from the upper eyelid of a patient who applied for blepharitis symptoms to the ophthalmology clinic. We fixated 4 of these eyelashes with classical immersion oil and covered them with a coverslip. We wetted 4 of them with Proparacaine Hydrochloride 5 mg (0.5%) and painted them with Na-fluorescein, and covered them with a coverslip.

Results: When we examined the eyelashes that were wetted with Proparacaine Hydrochloride under the light microscope there was no difference in mobility in the Demodex of the eyelashes at first 15 minutes. After 30 minutes we saw that the creamy lipid-like structure which is seen normally in the middle of the Demodex was saponified in Demodex. The other Demodex samples that were in the immersion oil were still alive.

Conclusions: In this case report, we wanted to evaluate the reason for the acaricidal effect of Proparacaine Hydrochloride a local anesthetic agent on Demodex folliculorum. The idea came true while trying to demonstrate Na-fluorescein uptake of Demodex folliculorum under the microscope after using Proparacaine Hydrochloride5 mg (0.5%) to wet the  Na-fluorescein paper and surprisingly we obtained these findings suggesting that it is a substance that may have an anti-acaricidal, anti-demodex effect potential to be a new player for treatment of demodicosis in the future.
The Role of Leadership Function as A Mediating Variable Between Leadership Behaviour and Organizational Performance
Authors: Nugroho Stefanie Maria Natasha , Narsa Niluh Putu Dian Rosalina Handayani
Published: August 2023

This study examined the relationship between leadership behaviour and organizational performance and the relationship between leadership behaviour and leadership functions. It also analyzed the relationship between leadership functions and organizational performance and the relationship between leadership behaviour and organizational performance using leadership functions as mediating variables. The research data was obtained from 282 state apparatus staff from Surabaya's 62 Regional Working Unit Organizations. The results of this study identified a positive relationship between leadership behaviour and organizational performance, as well as demonstrated that leadership functions can partially mediate the relationship between leadership behaviour and organizational performance. This research is expected to provide insight to leaders in the Regional Working Unit Organization on the importance of good behaviour and leadership functions in leading the organization to achieve better performance.