bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Head, heart or checklist? How self-reported decision-making strategies change according to speciality and grade: a cross-sectional survey of doctors
Authors: Pumphrey Oliver , Grenville Jack , Colquhoun Matthew , Mullins Barry , Earls Patrick , Eaton Simon , Cleeve Stewart
Published: April 2019

Purpose

To identify and analyse variations in self-reported decision-making strategies between medical professionals of different specialty and grade.

Study design

We conducted a cross-sectional survey of doctors of different specialities and grades at St. George’s Hospital, London, UK. We administered 226 questionnaires asking participants to assign proportions of their clinical decision-making behaviour to four strategies: intuitive, analytical, rule-based and creative.

Results

We found that physicians said they used rule-based decision-making significantly more than did surgeons and anaesthetists (p = 0.025) and analytical decision-making strategies significantly less (p = 0.003). In addition, we found that both intuitive (p = 0.0005) and analytical (p = 0.0005) decision-making had positive associations with increasing experience, whereas rule-based decision-making was negatively associated with greater experience (p = 0.0005).

Conclusions

Decision-making strategies may evolve with increasing clinical experience from a predominant use of rule-based approaches towards greater use of intuitive or analytical methods depending on the familiarity and acuity of the clinical situation. Rule-based strategies remain important for delivering evidence-based care, particularly for less experienced clinicians, and for physicians more than surgeons, possibly due to the greater availability and applicability of guidelines for medical problems. Anaesthetists and intensivists tend towards more analytical decision-making than physicians; an observation which might be attributable to the greater availability and use of objective data in the care environment. As part of broader training in non-technical skills and human factors, increasing awareness among trainees of medical decision-making models and their potential pitfalls might contribute to reducing the burden of medical error in terms of morbidity, mortality and litigation.
Efficient Parallel Simulation over Large-scale Social Contact Networks
Authors: Wu Yulin , Cai Wentong , Li Zengxiang , Tan Wen Jun , Hou Xiangting
Published: April 2019

Social contact network (SCN) models the daily contacts between people in real life. It consists of agents and locations. When agents visit a location at the same time, the social interactions can be established among them. Simulations over SCN have been employed to study social dynamics such as disease spread among population. Because of the scale of SCN and the execution time requirement, the simulations are usually run in parallel. However, a challenge to the parallel simulation is that the structure of SCN is naturally skewed with a few hub locations that have far more visitors than others. These hub locations can cause load imbalance and heavy communication between partitions, which therefore impact the simulation performance. This article proposes a comprehensive solution to address this challenge. First, the hub locations are decomposed into small locations, so that SCN can be divided into partitions with better balanced workloads. Second, the agents are decomposed to exploit data locality, so that the overall communication across partitions can be greatly reduced. Third, two enhanced execution mechanisms are designed for locations and agents, respectively, to improve simulation parallelism. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed solution, an epidemic simulation was developed and extensive experiments were conducted on two computer clusters using three SCN datasets with different scales. The results demonstrate that our approach can significantly improve the execution performance of the simulation.
HAWS
Authors: Gong Xun , Gong Xiang , Yu Leiming , Kaeli David
Published: April 2019

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have become an attractive platform for accelerating challenging applications on a range of platforms, from High Performance Computing (HPC) to full-featured smartphones. They can overcome computational barriers in a wide range of data-parallel kernels. GPUs hide pipeline stalls and memory latency by utilizing efficient thread preemption. But given the demands on the memory hierarchy due to the growth in the number of computing cores on-chip, it has become increasingly difficult to hide all of these stalls.

In this article, we propose a novel Hint-Assisted Wavefront Scheduler (HAWS) to bypass long-latency stalls. HAWS starts by enhancing a compiler infrastructure to identify potential opportunities that can bypass memory stalls. HAWS includes a wavefront scheduler that can continue to execute instructions in the shadow of a memory stall, executing instructions speculatively, guided by compiler-generated hints. HAWS increases utilization of GPU resources by aggressively fetching/executing speculatively. Based on our simulation results on the AMD Southern Islands GPU architecture, at an estimated cost of 0.4% total chip area, HAWS can improve application performance by 14.6% on average for memory intensive applications.
PDES-A
Authors: Rahman Shafiur , Abu-Ghazaleh Nael , Najjar Walid
Published: April 2019

In this article, we present experiences implementing a general Parallel Discrete Event Simulation (PDES) accelerator on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The accelerator can be specialized to any particular simulation model by defining the object states and the event handling code, which are then synthesized into a custom accelerator for the given model. The accelerator consists of several event processors that can process events in parallel while maintaining the dependencies between them. Events are automatically sorted by a self-sorting event queue. The accelerator supports optimistic simulation by automatically keeping track of event history and supporting rollbacks. The architecture is limited in scalability locally by the communication and port bandwidth of the different structures. However, it is designed to allow multiple accelerators to be connected to scale up the simulation. We evaluate the design and explore several design trade-offs and optimizations. We show that the accelerator can scale to 64 concurrent event processors relative to the performance of a single event processor. At this point, the scalability becomes limited by contention on the shared structures within the datapath. To alleviate this bottleneck, we also develop a new version of the datapath that partitions the state and event space of the simulation but allows these partitions to share the use of the event processors. The new design substantially reduces contention and improves the performance with 64 processors from 49x to 62x relative to a single processor design. We went through two iterations of the design of PDES-A, first using Verilog and then using Chisel (for the partitioned version of the design). We report in this article on some observations in the differences in prototyping accelerators using these two different languages. PDES-A outperforms the ROSS simulator running on a 12-core Intel Xeon machine by a factor of 3.2x with less than 15% of the power consumption. Our future work includes building multiple interconnected PDES-A cores.
Schedule Synthesis for Halide Pipelines through Reuse Analysis
Authors: Sioutas Savvas , Stuijk Sander , Waeijen Luc , Basten Twan , Corporaal Henk , Somers Lou
Published: April 2019

Efficient code generation for image processing applications continues to pose a challenge in a domain where high performance is often necessary to meet real-time constraints. The inherently complex structure found in most image-processing pipelines, the plethora of transformations that can be applied to optimize the performance of an implementation, as well as the interaction of these optimizations with locality, redundant computation and parallelism, can be indentified as the key reasons behind this issue. Recent domain-specific languages (DSL) such as the Halide DSL and compiler attempt to encourage high-level design-space exploration to facilitate the optimization process. We propose a novel optimization strategy that aims to maximize producer-consumer locality by exploiting reuse in image-processing pipelines. We implement our analysis as a tool that can be used alongside the Halide DSL to automatically generate schedules for pipelines implemented in Halide and test it on a variety of benchmarks. Experimental results on three different multi-core architectures show an average performance improvement of 40% over the Halide Auto-Scheduler and 75% over a state-of-the art approach that targets the PolyMage DSL.
SketchDLC
Authors: Xu Yemao , Dong Dezun , Xu Weixia , Liao Xiangke
Published: April 2019

With the fast development of deep learning (DL), the communication is increasingly a bottleneck for distributed workloads, and a series of optimization works have been done to scale out successfully. Nevertheless, the network behavior has not been investigated much yet. We intend to analyze the network behavior and then carry out some research through network simulation. Under this circumstance, an accurate communication measurement is necessary, as it is an effective way to study the network behavior and the basis for accurate simulation. Therefore, we propose to capture the deep learning communication (DLC) trace to achieve the measurement.

To the best of our knowledge, we make the first attempt to capture the communication trace for DL training. In this article, we first provide detailed analyses about the communication mechanism of MXNet, which is a representative framework for distributed DL. Secondly, we define the DLC trace format to describe and record the communication behaviors. Third, we present the implementation of method for trace capturing. Finally, we make some statistics and analyses about the distributed DL training, including communication pattern, overlap ratio between computation and communication, computation overhead, synchronization overhead, update overhead, and so forth. Both the statistics and analyses are based on the trace files captured in a cluster with six machines. On the one hand, our trace files provide a sketch on the DLC, which contributes to understanding the communication details. On the other hand, the captured trace files can be used for figuring out various overheads, as they record the communication behaviors of each node.
CAD-Base
Authors: Basu Kanad , Saeed Samah Mohamed , Pilato Christian , Ashraf Mohammed , Nabeel Mohammed Thari , Chakrabarty Krishnendu , Karri Ramesh
Published: April 2019

Fabless semiconductor companies design system-on-chips (SoC) by using third-party intellectual property (IP) cores and fabricate them in offshore, potentially untrustworthy foundries. Owing to the globally distributed electronics supply chain, security has emerged as a serious concern. In this article, we explore electronics computer-aided design (CAD) software as a threat vector that can be exploited to introduce vulnerabilities into the SoC. We show that all electronics CAD tools—high-level synthesis, logic synthesis, physical design, verification, test, and post-silicon validation—are potential threat vectors to different degrees. We have demonstrated CAD-based attacks on several benchmarks, including the commercial ARM Cortex M0 processor [1].
Lysyl oxidase-like 2 depletion is protective in age-associated vascular stiffening
Authors: Steppan Jochen , Wang Huilei , Bergman Yehudit , Rauer Marcel J. , Tan Siqi , Jandu Sandeep , Nandakumar Kavitha , Barreto-Ortiz Sebastian , Cole Robert N. , Boronina Tatiana N. , Zhu Wanqu , Halushka Marc K. , An Steven S. , Berkowitz Dan E. , Santhanam Lakshmi
Published: April 2019

Vascular stiffening and its sequelae are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. The increasingly accepted concept of “smooth muscle cell (SMC) stiffness syndrome” along with matrix deposition has emerged in vascular biology to account for the mechanical phenotype of arterial aging, but the molecular targets remain elusive. In this study, using an unbiased proteomic analysis, we identified lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) as a critical SMC mediator for age-associated vascular stiffening. We tested the hypothesis that loss of LOXL2 function is protective in aging-associated vascular stiffening. We determined that exogenous and endogenous nitric oxide markedly decreased LOXL2 abundance and activity in the extracellular matrix of isolated SMCs and LOXL2 endothelial cells suppress LOXL2 abundance in the aorta. In a longitudinal study, LOXL2+/− mice were protected from age-associated increase in pulse-wave velocity, an index of vascular stiffening, as occurred in littermate wild-type mice. Using isolated aortic segments, we found that LOXL2 mediates vascular stiffening in aging by promoting SMC stiffness, augmented SMC contractility, and vascular matrix deposition. Together, these studies establish LOXL2 as a nodal point for a new therapeutic approach to treat age-associated vascular stiffening.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Increased central vascular stiffness augments risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. Despite significant advances in understanding the genetic and molecular underpinnings of vascular stiffening, targeted therapy has remained elusive. Here, we show that lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) drives vascular stiffening during aging by promoting matrix remodeling and vascular smooth muscle cell stiffening. Reduced LOXL2 expression protects mice from age-associated vascular stiffening and delays the onset of isolated systolic hypertension, a major consequence of stiffening.
Cotargeting of BCL2 with Venetoclax and MCL1 with S63845 Is Synthetically Lethal In Vivo in Relapsed Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Prukova Dana , Andera Ladislav , Nahacka Zuzana , Karolova Jana , Svaton Michael , Klanova Magdalena , Havranek Ondrej , Soukup Jan , Svobodova Karla , Zemanova Zuzana , Tuskova Diana , Pokorna Eva , Helman Karel , Forsterova Kristina , Pacheco-Blanco Mariana , Vockova Petra , Berkova Adela , Fronkova Eva , Trneny Marek , Klener Pavel
Published: April 2019

Purpose:

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas characterized by (over)expression of BCL2. A BCL2-targeting drug, venetoclax, has promising anticancer activity in MCL. We analyzed molecular mechanisms of venetoclax resistance in MCL cells and tested strategies to overcome it.

Experimental Design:

We confirmed key roles of proapoptotic proteins BIM and NOXA in mediating venetoclax-induced cell death in MCL. Both BIM and NOXA are, however, differentially expressed in cell lines compared with primary cells. First, NOXA protein is significantly overexpressed in most MCL cell lines. Second, deletions of BIM gene harbored by three commonly used MCL cell lines (JEKO-1, MINO, and Z138) were not found by array comparative genomic hybridization using a validation set of 24 primary MCL samples.

Results:

We demonstrated that MCL1 and NOXA play important roles in mediating resistance to venetoclax. Consequently, we tested an experimental treatment strategy based on cotargeting BCL2 with venetoclax and MCL1 with a highly specific small-molecule MCL1 inhibitor S63845. The combination of venetoclax and S63845 demonstrated synthetic lethality in vivo on a panel of five patient-derived xenografts established from patients with relapsed MCL with adverse cytogenetics.

Conclusions:

Our data strongly support investigation of venetoclax in combination with S63845 as an innovative treatment strategy for chemoresistant MCL patients with adverse cytogenetics in the clinical grounds.
Tumor Lysis, Adverse Events, and Dose Adjustments in 297 Venetoclax-Treated CLL Patients in Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Roeker Lindsey E. , Fox Christopher P. , Eyre Toby A. , Brander Danielle M. , Allan John N. , Schuster Stephen J. , Nabhan Chadi , Hill Brian T. , Shah Nirav N. , Lansigan Frederick , Yazdy Maryam , Cheson Bruce D. , Lamanna Nicole , Singavi Arun K. , Coombs Catherine C. , Barr Paul M. , Skarbnik Alan P. , Shadman Mazyar , Ujjani Chaitra S. , Tuncer Hande H. , Winter Allison M. , Rhodes Joanna , Dorsey Colleen , Morse Hannah , Kabel Charlene , Pagel John M. , Williams Annalynn M. , Jacobs Ryan , Goy Andre , Muralikrishnan Sivraj , Pearson Laurie , Sitlinger Andrea , Bailey Neil , Schuh Anna , Kirkwood Amy A. , Mato Anthony R.
Published: April 2019

Purpose:

Clinical trials of venetoclax reported negligible rates of clinical tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) when using an extended dose escalation schedule. We aimed to understand TLS prophylaxis, rates of select adverse events (AE), and impact of dosing modifications in routine clinical practice.

Experimental Design:

This retrospective cohort study included 297 CLL venetoclax-treated patients outside of clinical trials in academic and community centers. Demographics, baseline disease characteristics, venetoclax dosing, TLS risk and prophylaxis, and AEs were collected.

Results:

The group was 69% male, 96% had relapsed/refractory CLL, 45% had deletion chromosome 17p, 84% had unmutated IGHV, 80% received venetoclax monotherapy, and median age was 67. TLS risk was categorized as low (40%), intermediate (32%), or high (28%), and 62% had imaging prior to venetoclax initiation. Clinical TLS occurred in 2.7% of patients and laboratory TLS occurred in 5.7%. Pre-venetoclax TLS risk group and creatinine clearance independently predict TLS development in multivariable analysis. Grade 3/4 AEs included neutropenia (39.6%), thrombocytopenia (29.2%), infection (25%), neutropenic fever (7.9%), and diarrhea (6.9%). Twenty-two patients (7.4%) discontinued venetoclax due to an AE. Progression-free survival was similar regardless of number of dose interruptions, length of dose interruption, and stable venetoclax dose.

Conclusions:

These data provide insights into current use of venetoclax in clinical practice, including TLS rates observed in clinical practice. We identified opportunities for improved adherence to TLS risk stratification and prophylaxis, which may improve safety.
“A Natural Progression”: Australian Women's Attitudes About an Individualized Breast Screening Model
Authors: Lippey Jocelyn , Keogh Louise A. , Mann G. Bruce , Campbell Ian G. , Forrest Laura E.
Published: April 2019

Individualized screening is our logical next step to improve population breast cancer screening in Australia. To explore breast screening participants' views of the current program in Victoria, Australia, examine their openness to change, and attitudes toward an individualized screening model, this qualitative work was performed from a population-based breast screening cohort. This work was designed to inform the development of a decision aid to facilitate women's decisions about participating in individualized screening, and to elicit Australian consumer perspectives on the international movement toward individualized breast screening. A total of 52 women participated in one of four focus groups, and were experienced with screening with 90% of participants having had more than three mammograms. Focus group discussion was facilitated following three main themes: (i) experience of breast screening; (ii) breast cancer risk perception, and (iii) views on individualized screening. Participants had strong, positive, emotional ties to breast screening in its current structure but were supportive, with some reservations, of the idea of individualized screening. There was good understanding about the factors contributing to personalized risk and a wide range of opinions about the inclusion of genetic testing with genetic testing being considered a foreign and evolving domain. Individualized breast screening that takes account of risk factors such as mammographic density, lifestyle, and genetic factors would be acceptable to a population of women who are invested in the current system. The communication and implementation of a new program would be critical to its acceptance and potential success. Reservations may be had in regards to uptake of genetic testing, motivations behind the change, and management of the women allocated to a lower risk category.
Increasing Incidence rates of Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Germany and Significance of Disease Burden Attributed to Human Papillomavirus
Authors: Wittekindt Claus , Wagner Steffen , Bushnak Ayman , Prigge Elena-Sophie , von Knebel Doeberitz Magnus , Würdemann Nora , Bernhardt Katharina , Pons-Kühnemann Jörn , Maulbecker-Armstrong Catharina , Klussmann Jens Peter
Published: April 2019

Increasing incidences of head and neck cancers and rising proportions of these associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), especially in the oropharynx, have been reported in international studies. So far, the trends and contribution of HPV to the number of newly diagnosed cases of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) in Germany are uncertain. We investigated HPV association and incidence rates in a cohort of consecutively included patients with OPSCC in Giessen 2000–2017, and compared our results with regional (Giessen and the federal state of Hesse), national (Germany), and international (United States) databases. Regional data show a significant increase in the overall incidence rates of oropharyngeal cancers and in the incidence of HPV-associated cancers of the subsites tonsils and oropharynx, whereas other oropharyngeal subsites show no significant change. Analysis of national databases shows a significant incidence increase in Germany and in the United States. The rise in incidence is predominantly attributable to male patients in the US population, whereas in Germany rising OPSCC incidence is more associated with females. There is a significant elevation of OPSCC incidence rates in Germany, which corresponds to the recognized incidence increase of HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers based on experimental data from consecutively included patients of our cohort. Our investigation shows different patterns of this increase in Germany and in the United States, which demonstrates spatial heterogeneity and the need for population-based investigations regarding the role of HPV in oropharyngeal cancer.
Non-Invasive Imaging Methodologies for Assessment of Radiation Damage to Bone Marrow and Kidneys from Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy
Authors: Ahlstedt Jonas , Johansson Edvin , Sydoff Marie , Karlsson Helena , Thordarson Eddie , Gram Magnus , Eriksson Olof
Published: April 2019

Background/Aims: Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is becoming clinical routine for management of neuroendocrine tumours. The number of PRRT cycles is correlated with treatment effect but theoretically limited by off-target radiation damage to kidneys and bone marrow. New imaging biomarkers for assessment of PRRT tissue damage would enable evaluation of novel renal and bone marrow protective agents, as well as personalised PRRT treatment regiments. Methods: Mice treated with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE PRRT or vehicle were examined at baseline and following treatment with [18F]fluorothymidine (FLT) positron emission tomography (PET) and technetium-99m-mercapto-acetyl-tri-glycine ([99mTc]Tc-Mag3) single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) to assess dynamic changes in bone marrow proliferation and renal function, respectively. Results: Bone marrow proliferation as assessed by [18F]FLT was decreased 2 days after PRRT treatment, but not vehicle, compared to baseline (target-to-background ratio [TBRmax] baseline:1.69 ± 0.29 vs. TBRmax PRRT: 0.91 ± 0.02, p < 0.01). Renal function as assessed by [99mTc]Tc-Mag3 SPECT was similarly decreased 2 days following PRRT compared to vehicle (fractional uptake rate [FUR] vehicle: 0.030 ± 0.014 s–1 vs. FUR PRRT: 0.0051 ± 0.0028 s–1, p < 0.01). Conclusion: [18F]FLT PET and [99mTc]Tc-Mag3 SPECT are promising techniques for assessing bone marrow and renal injury from [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE PRRT and may potentially improve patient management by allowing evaluation of protective interventions as well as enabling personalised PRRT treatments.
The Impact of Environmental Stress on Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review
Authors: Martin Kristy , McLeod Emily , Périard Julien , Rattray Ben , Keegan Richard , Pyne David B.
Published: April 2019

Objective:

In this review, we detail the impact of environmental stress on cognitive and military task performance and highlight any individual characteristics or interventions which may mitigate any negative effect.

Background:

Military personnel are often deployed in regions markedly different from their own, experiencing hot days, cold nights, and trips both above and below sea level. In spite of these stressors, high-level cognitive and operational performance must be maintained.

Method:

A systematic review of the electronic databases Medline (PubMed), EMBASE (Scopus), PsycINFO, and Web of Science was conducted from inception up to September 2018. Eligibility criteria included a healthy human cohort, an outcome of cognition or military task performance and assessment of an environmental condition.

Results:

The search returned 113,850 records, of which 124 were included in the systematic review. Thirty-one studies examined the impact of heat stress on cognition; 20 of cold stress; 59 of altitude exposure; and 18 of being below sea level.

Conclusion:

The severity and duration of exposure to the environmental stressor affects the degree to which cognitive performance can be impaired, as does the complexity of the cognitive task and the skill or familiarity of the individual performing the task.

Application:

Strategies to improve cognitive performance in extreme environmental conditions should focus on reducing the magnitude of the physiological and perceptual disturbance caused by the stressor. Strategies may include acclimatization and habituation, being well skilled on the task, and reducing sensations of thermal stress with approaches such as head and neck cooling.
Beyond Transition: Personal and Social Transformation Through Co-Inquiry Among Military-Connected Students
Authors: Kent Shannon M. , Buechner Barton D.
Published: April 2019

Social reintegration of veterans following military service is a complex, nonlinear, and highly individualized phenomenon, yet much of the existing literature on transition of veterans represents a narrow and limited perspective of transition and trauma—mostly written from an external (nonveteran) perspective. We present an alternative based on concepts of personal and social transformation through collaborative, veteran-led social science research designed from an interdisciplinary Adlerian (social systems) perspective. Participants are military-connected students, defined as service members, veterans, family members, and mental health practitioners experienced in working with military and veteran populations. Research projects described were designed by the students, and these typically involved informal data gathering and self-reflection, combined with extensive review of current interdisciplinary literature in the military psychology field. A case study of informal participative research with a cohort of female Navy Chief Petty Officers by the first author is presented as an example. Conclusions and recommendations support further extension of this cohort-driven adult learning model as a means of combining personal growth and social transformation by including military, veteran, and family perspectives in research and literature directed toward veterans’ social and mental health programs and policies.
The Proclivity to Rely on Professional Experience and Evidence-Based Policing: Findings From a Survey of High-Ranking Officers in the Israel Police
Authors: Jonathan-Zamir Tal , Weisburd David , Dayan Michal , Zisso Maia
Published: April 2019

Studies have identified that police officers often support and value evidence-based policing (EBP), but nevertheless prefer relying on experience when making decisions. Yet, policing scholars have paid little attention to the generality of this proclivity, the psychological mechanisms behind it, or to its implications for implementing EBP. The present study illuminates this phenomenon. We review its psychological foundations and use a survey of high-ranking officers from the Israel Police to examine its prevalence. We find that while officers support EBP overall, they believe that decisions should be based primarily on experience, not research. The two were found to be separate (although correlated) constructs. Furthermore, we find that the preference for experience as the basis for decision making is an overarching trait, not associated with personal-level characteristics. We discuss the implications of our findings and argue that attempts to implement EBP should recognize and work with this inherent psychological inclination.
Nonfatal Strangulation in a Sample of Domestically Violent Stalkers: The Importance of Recognizing Coercively Controlling Behaviors
Authors: Bendlin Martyna , Sheridan Lorraine
Published: April 2019

Strangulation is different to other types of physical violence as it often leaves no visible injuries and is frequently motivated by coercive control. Few studies have explored nonfatal strangulation and coercive control, and no studies have explored these factors within a sample of stalkers. Given that stalking perpetrators exhibit many of the coercively controlling behaviors related to nonfatal strangulation, the current study explored nonfatal strangulation and other coercively controlling behaviors in a stalking sample. A police dataset of 9,884 cases of domestic violence that involved stalking was analyzed. Results revealed that coercive control and related behaviors of excessive jealousy, victim isolation, victim fear, and victim’s belief that the perpetrator will kill them were associated with higher likelihood of having experienced nonfatal strangulation. These results may help first responders to identify victims at risk of nonfatal strangulation and suggest a need for nonfatal strangulation to be a criminal offense.
Parent–Child Relationship Quality and Internalizing Problems as Predictors of Risky Sexual Behavior
Authors: Rogers Mary Moussa , McKinney Cliff
Published: April 2019

Risky sexual behavior is more prevalent in emerging adult populations and emerging adults engaging in risky sexual behavior also may be experiencing higher levels of internalizing problems. Parents and their relationships with their children maintain relevance in emerging adulthood and may decrease negative outcomes. Thus, the current study examined whether parent–child relationship quality decreased the likelihood of risky sexual behavior via internalizing problems and examined gender dyads between parents and children. Participants included 502 emerging adults (172 males and 330 females) ranging in age from 18 to 25 years. Structural equation modeling analyses were conducted and indicated that internalizing problems mediated the relationship between parent (both paternal and maternal)–child relationship quality and risky sexual behavior for both males and females. Maternal–child relationship quality predicted lower internalizing problems more strongly for males than for females, suggesting moderated mediation. Thus, both mothers’ and fathers’ relationship with their children may affect risky sexual behavior indirectly via internalizing problems.
Communicative Capitalism and Revolutionary Form
Authors: Dean Jodi
Published: April 2019

This essay considers the political form that is presupposed in questions of resistance and revolution. It situates resistance and revolution in communicative capitalism, a setting characterised by intense winner-take-all inequality, the decline of symbolic efficiency, and the shift from the use to the circulation value of communicative utterances. It draws out the way that this setting inflects the body the question of resistance and revolution presupposes. Is it the world, the individual, the network, or the party? I argue that the party is the form we need to assume when we ask about revolution because it is the party that has the capacity to strategise, to plan and to arrange itself with an eye to revolution.

Capitalismo comunicativo y forma revolucionaria
Framing the Bicyclist: A Qualitative Study of Media Discourse about Fatal Bicycle Crashes
Authors: Scheffels Erin , Bond Julie , Monteagut Lorraine E.
Published: April 2019

This research examines the linguistic choices that frame relationships between bicyclists and other parties involved in fatal crash events. Textual data were collected from media reports of all bicyclist traffic fatalities that occurred from January 2009 through June 2018 in Hillsborough County, Florida, which has a disproportionately high number of bicyclist deaths compared with other areas of the U.S. The media reports were coded with a qualitative data analysis software and analyzed using critical discourse analysis (CDA), a rigorous qualitative method used to analyze oral and written communication developed by Fairclough. Through CDA, the study examines how linguistic choices produce meaning and reinforce the “common sense” or “taken-for-granted” lexicon of transportation. Results show the majority of news reports were episodic rather than thematic, focusing on the traffic event and the parties involved in the crash, particularly the bicyclist. Vocabulary, grammatical structure, and narrative framing of news reports largely functioned to remove blame from the motorist and to highlight the bicyclist’s actions. These linguistic strategies reflect the assumption that responsibility for safety rests on the bicyclist and detracts attention from potential social policy reform that would lead to fewer bicyclist fatalities. A minority of articles written with thematic frames focused on broader issues such as social capital, safety education, and advocacy. This interdisciplinary study is a unique contribution to transportation literature, employing a methodology typically reserved for communication scholars and linguists.
Traffic Prediction using Time-Space Diagram: A Convolutional Neural Network Approach
Authors: Khajeh Hosseini Mohammadreza , Talebpour Alireza
Published: April 2019

Traffic prediction is a major component of any traffic management system. With the increase in data sources and advancement in connectivity, data analysis and machine learning approaches for traffic prediction have gained a lot of attention. Most of the existing data analysis approaches in traffic prediction rely on aggregated inputs such as flow and density, with limited studies using the individual vehicle-level data. The time-space diagram of the vehicles can be constructed from the connected vehicles’ data. This plot is comprehensive and contains all the information about traffic flow dynamics at both microscopic and macroscopic levels. Accordingly, this study introduces a deep learning-based methodology to directly predict the traffic state based on the time-space diagram with the use of convolutional neural networks (CNN). The time-space diagram is directly used as the input to the traffic prediction model using a CNN. The prediction capability of the proposed model is compared with multilayer perceptron, support vector regression, and autoregressive integrated moving average, and the results indicate a superior capability of CNN in predicting flow and density across all possible values of these parameters.
Elderly Pedestrian Fatal Crash-Related Contributing Factors: Applying Empirical Bayes Geometric Mean Method
Authors: Das Subasish , Bibeka Apoorba , Sun Xiaoduan , Zhou Hongmin “Tracy” , Jalayer Mohammad
Published: April 2019

Recent statistics show that around 20% of all pedestrian fatalities (1,002 out of 5,376) in 2015 were pedestrians over the age of 65. There is a need to identify issues associated with elderly pedestrian crashes to develop effective countermeasures. This study aimed to determine the key associations between contributing factors of elderly pedestrian crashes. The authors analyzed three years (2014 to 2016) of elderly pedestrian fatal crashes from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System in the United States by using empirical Bayes (EB) data mining. The findings of this study revealed several association patterns with high crash potential for elderly pedestrians that include backing vehicle-related crashes for female pedestrians (especially those aged 79 and above), segment-related crashes at night for 65 to 69 year-old male pedestrians, crossing an expressway at night for male pedestrians, especially the 65 to 69 year group, failure to yield while crossing at intersections, and crashes occurring in the dark with poor street lighting. The findings of this study could help authorities determine effective countermeasures for this group of vulnerable road users.
Determinants of Infant Feeding Practices Among HIV-Infected Mothers in Urban Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Iliyasu Zubairu , Galadanci Hadiza S. , Iliyasu Miyassaratu L. , Babashani Musa , Gajida Auwalu U , Nass Nafisa S. , Aliyu Muktar H.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Despite advances in prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission, infants in Africa remain at risk of HIV acquisition from inappropriate feeding practices.

Research aims:

To assess maternal knowledge and predictors of appropriate infant feeding practices among HIV-infected mothers attending a tertiary facility in Kano, Nigeria.

Method:

A cross section of 203 HIV-positive mothers were interviewed using structured, pretested survey questionnaires. Knowledge scores and infant feeding practices were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to ascertain independent correlates of infant feeding practices in the study sample.

Results:

Over a third (37.4%) of the participants were aware of the risk of HIV transmission through breastfeeding. The proportion of participants with good, fair, and poor knowledge of recommended feeding options for HIV-exposed infants was 4.4%, 73.4%, and 22.2%, respectively. About three in four participants (73.9%) breastfed their index infants exclusively for the first six months. Approximately 7.4% of respondents practiced mixed feeding (breastfeeding plus infant formula). Counseling on infant feeding (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 2.16, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = [1.58, 4.15]) and hospital delivery (AOR = 3.02, 95% CI = [2.67, 7.84]) predicted appropriate infant feeding practice.

Conclusion:

Appropriate infant feeding practices were significantly associated with prior infant feeding counseling and delivery in a hospital setting. HIV-infected mothers in this setting should receive counseling on infant feeding early in their pregnancy and be educated on the importance of hospital delivery.
The High Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms and Its Correlates With Older Hmong Refugees in the United States
Authors: Yang Mai S. , Mutchler Jan E.
Published: April 2019

Objective: We estimate depressive symptoms in a sample of older Hmong refugees in the United States, and investigate factors shaping risk of depression in this population. Method: Data were collected in California and Minnesota ( N = 127). The study sample included Hmong immigrants aged 55 and over. The measure of depression used is the Hopkins Symptom Checklist–10 (HSCL-10) inventory. Linear regression models were used to identify significant correlates of depressive symptoms. Results: More than 72% of the participants indicated being symptomatic of depression, as reflected by having a HSCL-10 score of 1.85 or higher. Self-reported health was a risk factor for depression. Protective factors from depression were larger household size and older age of arrival into the United States. Discussion: This study updated knowledge about the mental health status of Hmong refugees, who are now at later life. Our findings suggest that depression may be a lifelong experience in this high risk population.
Transitivity, agency, mind style: What’s the lowest common denominator?
Authors: Nuttall Louise
Published: April 2019

Analyses of the worldviews presented by texts have identified grammatical patterns in terms of the transitivity system outlined in systemic-functional grammar (Halliday, 1994; Halliday and Matthiessen, 2014). While contributing to different interpretations of mind style and ideology in different contexts, these patterns and interpretative effects often bear fundamental similarities. In this article, I investigate this underlying similarity in transitivity analyses, or ‘interpretative “lowest common denominator”’ (Simpson, 1993: 105), from a cognitive stylistic perspective. This article attempts to characterise this low-level effect and test it empirically. It takes as its starting point a body of analyses in stylistics and critical discourse analysis which repeatedly link comparable sets of grammatical features (e.g. goal-less intransitive clauses and metonymic agency) to a diminished sense of intentionality, awareness and control in the human agent responsible (e.g. Halliday, 1971; Kennedy, 1991; Simpson and Canning, 2014; Trew, 1979). I argue that the shared interpretative effects of these stylistic choices can be understood in terms of cognitive grammar’s model of construal (Langacker, 2008). Specifically, I propose that the effects of transitivity choices are fundamentally effects for our attribution of mental states, or ‘mind-modelling’ (Stockwell, 2009) of participants, as part of a construal. Finally, I describe an online reader response experiment which tests this proposal among a wider sample of readers. Combining methods from experimental studies of mind attribution in psychology with a controlled alteration of texts by Conrad and Hemingway, this research reveals predictable cognitive effects of transitivity choices across contexts.
The development and use of performance measures in New Zealand tertiary education institutions
Authors: Narayan Anil Kumar
Published: April 2019

This article provides a 30-year history of the development, use and impact of performance measures on tertiary education institutions in New Zealand. The study reveals that performance measurement emerged from the new public management initiatives and the multiple logics of government reforms to help address efficiency and accountability concerns of the tertiary education sector. The performance measurement culture became central to shaping and reshaping the character of educational politics, government policies and the management of educational outcomes. Performance measurement also created a web of unintended consequences with its own tensions, cynicism and complications. Enacted by the market logic and complemented by the business logic to maximise profits, performance measures compromised academic quality and caused rivalry with the norms of the academic profession. The study recommends that the distorting effects of performance measurement requires profound rethinking and careful management to ensure that it accomplishes what it is intended to accomplish.
Managing the Tradition and Innovation Paradox in Family Firms: A Family Imprinting Perspective
Authors: Erdogan Irmak , Rondi Emanuela , De Massis Alfredo
Published: April 2019

Long-established family firms are endowed with a bundle of beliefs and practices that constitute their tradition. However, to remain competitive, they need to renew their products and production processes. Such forces pulling toward the past and the future, antithetically calling for continuity and change, seem paradoxical. In an abductive analysis of eight long-established family firms in Turkey, we identify four equifinal strategies to manage this paradox. Adopting a family imprinting perspective, we theorize how the long-lasting legacy of previous family generations shapes different approaches to innovation and tradition depending on the content imprinted on the current family generation. Contributing to family business, imprinting and innovation research, we identify the new construct of temporal symbiosis as a firm’s simultaneous adoption of retrospective and prospective approaches to using its resources to concurrently perpetuate tradition and achieve innovation, highlighting its crucial role as a shield of the past and engine for the future.
Trauma, Power, and Intimate Relationships Among Women in Prison
Authors: McCauley Heather L. , Richie Fallon , Hughes Sara , Johnson Jennifer E. , Zlotnick Caron , Rosen Rochelle K. , Wechsberg Wendee M. , Kuo Caroline C.
Published: April 2019

The present study, which included four focus groups of women ( n = 21) in four New England prisons, aimed to understand how power impacted women’s relationships, exposure to violence, and health. Women described power in three ways: (a) power as control over their sexuality and their sexual partners, (b) power emerging from emotional strength, and (c) power referring to a process of empowerment. Women’s perceptions and experiences of power were informed by their trauma histories and influenced their sexual behavior and health. Our findings provide a framework for considering incarcerated women’s experiences of power in trauma-informed interventions for this marginalized population.
Burden of Care and Quality of Life in Home Caregivers of Patients With Stroke in Iran
Authors: Masoudian Nooshin , Sarmadi Mohammad , Najafi Rasool , Najafi Fereshteh , Maleki Shirin
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Burden of Care and Quality of Life in informal home caregivers of stroke patients in Iran. Also we were trying to explore the factors that affect the burden of care. In this cross-sectional study, we have selected 62 informal home caregivers of the patients admitted to “the stroke outpatient unit of the neurology clinic” of the central hospital in Semnan province, Iran, to take part in the investigation. We interviewed them using the Caregiver Burden Inventory and SF-36 Questionnaire for assessing their quality of life. There was a negative and significant correlation between different aspects of quality of life and burden of care. In the bivariate regression model, being married and having lower levels of education (minimum years of schooling) were associated with higher levels of the burden. Our study shows that increasing burden of care in informal home caregivers reduces the quality of life in all domains. Thus, the results of this study indicate that an increase in the burden of caregiving on caregivers lowers their quality of life in all aspects; especially, caregivers who provide care to their spouses encountered more burden. Therefore, these caregivers must be in the center of interest while planning to reduce the burden of care.
Dermatologic Training and Practice in Canada: A Historical Overview
Authors: Mydlarski P. Régine , Parsons Laurie M. , Pierscianowski Tadeusz A. , Humphrey Shannon , Kirchhof Mark G. , Powell Julie , Rosen Cheryl F. , Huck Emma , Conway Josée , Kouri Adam
Published: April 2019

The specialty of dermatology is constantly changing to meet the medical needs of our society. The discipline is in flux because of a variety of factors such as growing population needs, technological advancements, fiscal restraint, and demographic changes. As part of an in-depth review of the specialty, the Dermatology Working Group (DWG) for the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada sought to determine whether the current training configuration is suitably preparing graduates to meet the societal health needs of dermatology patients. In this first of a 2-part series, the authors conducted comprehensive literature and historical reviews and a jurisdictional analysis to understand the current state of dermatology practice in Canada. Herein, they explore trends in the dermatology workforce, population needs, accessibility, and wait times, as well as issues in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education. In a subsequent publication, the DWG will utilize information gained from this historical analysis and jurisdictional review, stakeholder perspectives, and a national survey to shape the future of dermatology training in Canada.