bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viscoelastic Kirchhoff–Love shells at finite strains: constitutive modeling and mixed low-regularity finite elements
Authors: Platzer Sebastian , Pechstein Astrid , Humer Alexander , Krommer Michael
Published: February 2025

The finite element simulation of thin viscoelastic membranes is a challenging problem. On the one hand, geometric dimensions of the membrane are adverse to classical finite element formulations, which require the thickness of the structure to be resolved. On the other hand, both material and geometric nonlinearities need to be considered in the large-strain regime. In the present paper, a Kirchhoff–Love shell formulation including thickness deformation is deduced for incompressible viscoelastic membranes at finite strain. For this formulation, a mixed shell element with low regularity is proposed to discretize a viscoelastic shell formulation based on a multiplicative split of the deformation gradient. The formulation is tested against full three-dimensional formulations in a variety of examples. Excellent accordance of results in quasi-static as well as dynamic simulations is observed.
Model-Based prediction of linearized stiffness and damping values for bolted joints
Authors: Dalkiz Rasim , Jacobs Georg , Höpfner Gregor , Wischmann Stefan
Published: February 2025

The virtual testing of a technical product in terms of its acoustic behavior enables the engineer to evaluate the design without the need for physical prototypes. To predict the acoustic behavior virtually, models should consider both the dynamic excitations of the system and the transfer behavior of sound from the excitation source to the user. The transfer behavior is influenced by the resonance frequencies and the damping of the structure, the latter of which mainly occurs in the joints between the components. Stiffness and damping values are required to design the transfer behavior of the joints. For this, load conditions must be determined. To model load and displacement states occurring in the joint in dynamic applications, a distributed approach can be used by modelling in the FEM. This makes it possible to consider the influence of the microgeometry in the form of the surface roughness on the transfer behavior of the joint. To use the continuously distributed load and displacement states in concentrated model elements or as design parameters in the form of linearized stiffness and damping values, the load conditions must be linearized in the considered operating point. This paper therefore presents a method for the model-based derivation of linearized stiffness and damping values, which assesses the influence of the design of the joint on stiffness and damping on the basis of experimentally determined surface roughness. For this, distributed models in the FE are parameterized based on a measured surface roughnesses. Based on these models, linearized stiffness and damping values are determined for different joint geometries. This makes it possible for the first time to derive model-based linearized stiffness and damping values for different joint geometries. The Brake-Reuss beam is used as an academic object of investigation. Transferring the method to industrial systems can optimize costs and resources in the product development process.
Epidemiology and risk factors of expatriates returning to Switzerland colonized at the intestinal level with multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales
Authors: Campos-Madueno Edgar I. , Aldeia Claudia , Roumet Marie C. , Limacher Andreas , Sendi Parham , Endimiani Andrea
Published: February 2025

Living in high-endemic regions increases the risk of intestinal colonization by multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales (MDR-Ent). This study investigated Swiss expatriates residing abroad (≥ 3 months) to assess their colonization status upon returning to Switzerland. Selective culture-based methods were implemented to detect third-generation cephalosporins- (3GC-R), carbapenems- (CR), and colistin-resistant (COL-R) strains. Whole-genome sequencing was used to characterize antimicrobial resistance genes, sequence type (ST), and phylogroup of MDR-Ent. Epidemiological data were analyzed using uni- and multivariable models to identify risk factors, providing crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs). Among 196 participants living across Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Europe, the overall MDR-Ent colonization prevalence was 42.9%. Continent of residence emerged as a significant risk factor (p = 0.04) for colonization: Africa (adjusted OR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.0–11.0) and Asia (adjusted OR = 4.7, 95% CI 1.5–15.0). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (Ec) was the most frequent isolated species (n = 107 out of 119 Ent). Most 3GC-R-Ec possessed bla
CTX−M genes (n = 89; 83.2%) and pandemic lineages were frequent (e.g., ST69 and ST131, n = 18). No CR-Ent were detected, but some COL-R strains (n = 18; of which 15 Ec) harbored the mcr-1.1 gene. Expatriates represent an understudied population at risk of MDR-Ent colonization. This population may contribute to the importation and potential dissemination of dangerous bacteria into low-prevalence countries, as shown in this Swiss study, warranting further investigation and surveillance.
Characteristics of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who do not respond to axitinib treatment
Authors: Ohba Kojiro , Osawa Takahiro , Kojima Takahiro , Hara Tomohiko , Sugimoto Mikio , Eto Masatoshi , Minami Keita , Nakai Yasutomo , Ueda Kosuke , Naito Sei , Nonomura Norio , Murai Sachiyo , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Nakanishi Hiromi , Mukae Yuta , Mitsunari Kensuke , Matsuo Tomohiro , Imamura Ryoichi , Shinohara Nobuo
Published: February 2025

Background

Axitinib is a widely used tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treatment. Here, we analyzed the characteristics of patients who did not respond to axitinib and evaluated alternative options for their treatment.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data for 449 patients with mRCC who were administered axitinib following another TKI as initial therapy. Patients with progressive disease (PD) at their first assessment were defined as showing early-PD. We analyzed the characteristics of patients at risk of early-PD and evaluated the relationship between the treatment following axitinib and their prognosis.

Results

Early-PD was diagnosed in 102 patients, and was more common in those who had not undergone nephrectomy (p < 0.001), those treated with a TKI for a short period (p < 0.001), and those in the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) poor risk category for mRCC (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that these were independent risk factors for early-PD (all p < 0.001). Of those with early-PD, 52 changed to next-line treatment. The progression-free survival periods were 5.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.4–8.6) months for patients administered TKIs, 4.2 (95% CI 0.3–8.1) months for those on nivolumab, and 2.2 (1.8–2.6) months for those on mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (p = 0.030).

Conclusion

Patients who have not undergone nephrectomy, those previously treated with another TKI for a short period, and those in the IMDC poor risk category are more likely to experience early-PD when taking axitinib. Furthermore, TKIs are the best treatment for patients with early-PD who have previously been administered axitinib.
DECODE-3DViz: Efficient WebGL-Based High-Fidelity Visualization of Large-Scale Images using Level of Detail and Data Chunk Streaming
Authors: AboArab Mohammed A. , Potsika Vassiliki T. , Skalski Andrzej , Stanuch Maciej , Gkois George , Koncar Igor , Matejevic David , Theodorou Alexis , Vagena Sylvia , Sigala Fragiska , Fotiadis Dimitrios I.
Published: February 2025

The DECODE-3DViz pipeline represents a major advancement in the web-based visualization of large-scale medical imaging data, particularly for peripheral artery computed tomography images. This research addresses the critical challenges of rendering high-resolution volumetric datasets via WebGL technology. By integrating progressive chunk streaming and level of detail (LOD) algorithms, DECODE-3DViz optimizes the rendering process for real-time interaction and high-fidelity visualization. The system efficiently manages WebGL texture size constraints and browser memory limitations, ensuring smooth performance even with extensive datasets. A comparative evaluation against state-of-the-art visualization tools demonstrates DECODE-3DViz's superior performance, achieving up to a 98% reduction in rendering time compared with that of competitors and maintaining a high frame rate of up to 144 FPS. Furthermore, the system exhibits exceptional GPU memory efficiency, utilizing as little as 2.6 MB on desktops, which is significantly less than the over 100 MB required by other tools. User feedback, collected through a comprehensive questionnaire, revealed high satisfaction with the tool's performance, particularly in areas such as structure definition and diagnostic capability, with an average score of 4.3 out of 5. These enhancements enable detailed and accurate visualizations of the peripheral vasculature, improving diagnostic accuracy and supporting better clinical outcomes. The DECODE-3DViz tool is open source and can be accessed at https://github.com/mohammed-abo-arab/3D_WebGL_VolumeRendering.git.
Maternal Factors Influencing the Nutritional Status of HIV-Exposed Infants: A 12-Month Follow-Up in Mathare and Kibera Informal Settlements in Nairobi County
Authors: Kiilu Elizabeth Mueke , Karanja Simon , Kikuvi Gideon , Muthoki Linet
Published: February 2025

Optimal infant nutrition is crucial for good health and survival. HIV-exposed infants have a greater incidence of low birthweight than HIV-unexposed infants, predisposing them to malnutrition and a greater risk of HIV infection. A 12-month longitudinal study was conducted on 166 HIV-exposed infants, assessing nutritional status at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. Fisher’s test and logistic regression analysed the data using WHO growth standards. Ethical approval was obtained (KEMRI/SERU/CPHR/002/3525). Results: Wasting: Younger maternal age (18–24 years) presented higher odds of infant wasting across all timepoints: 6 weeks aOR 4.31 (CI: 1.11, 1.83), 6 months aOR 4.49 (CI: 1.09, 27.34), and 12 months aOR 5.49 (CI: 1.41, 32.97). Stunting: At 6 months, infants of underweight mothers and those on second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens had higher odds of stunting aOR 4.76 (CI: 1.36, 16.65) and aOR 5.49 (CI: 1.64, 18.38), respectively. At 12 months, poor maternal ART adherence aOR 4.11 (CI: 1.14, 14.82) and mothers on second-line ART regimens aOR 3.68 (CI: 1.09, 12.49) had increased odds of infant stunting. Underweight: At 6 weeks, high maternal viral load aOR 6.33 (CI: 2.31, 17.36) was associated with higher odds underweight infants, whereas employed mothers had lower odds of underweight infants at 6 and 12 months aOR 0.10 (CI: 0.03, 0.32) and aOR 0.22 (CI: 0.09, 0.59) respectively. The results highlight maternal nutrition and ART adherence’s influence on infant nutritional status and HIV vertical transmission risk. The study recommended integrating comprehensive nutritional care into HIV policies and enhancing ART counselling to reduce vertical transmission risk and poor infant growth.
Design, fabrication, and characterization of a user-friendly microfluidic device for studying liver zonation-on-chip (ZoC)
Authors: Mahdavi Reza , Hashemi-Najafabadi Sameereh , Ghiass Mohammad Adel , Valaskivi Silmu , Välimäki Hannu , Kreutzer Joose , Hamngren Blomqvist Charlotte , Romeo Stefano , Kallio Pasi , Adiels Caroline Beck
Published: February 2025

Liver zonation is a fundamental characteristic of hepatocyte spatial heterogeneity, which is challenging to recapitulate in traditional cell cultures. This study presents a novel microfluidic device designed to induce zonation in liver cell cultures by establishing an oxygen gradient using standard laboratory gases. The device consists of two layers; a bottom layer containing a gas channel network that delivers high (cell incubator air, 19% oxygen) and low oxygenated (nitrogen) gases to create three distinct zones within the cell culture chamber in the layer above. Computational simulations and ratiometric oxygen sensing were employed to validate the oxygen gradient, demonstrating that stable oxygen levels were achieved within two hours. Liver zonation was confirmed using immunofluorescence staining, which showed zonated albumin production in HepG2 cells directly correlating with oxygen levels and mimicking in-vivo zonation behavior. This user-friendly device supports studies on liver zonation and related metabolic disease mechanisms in vitro. It can also be utilized for experiments that necessitate precise gas concentration gradients, such as hypoxia-related research areas focused on angiogenesis and cancer development.
Effects of multilayered cellulose-based coatings on the barrier properties of paperboard
Authors: Lyytikäinen Johanna , Koljonen Krista , Leminen Ville
Published: February 2025

Coating a paperboard is the most important finishing process to achieve a good barrier against oxygen, water vapor and grease, which are typically obtained with fossil-based plastics. In this study, three different cellulose-based coating components—methyl nanocellulose (MeNC), microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and hydrophobically modified ethyl(hydroxyethyl) cellulose (HM-EHEC)—were investigated. One to five coating layers were applied to the paperboard using spray and rod coating. Combinations of different coating components, coat weights, and barrier properties at different temperatures and relative humidities were studied. Scanning electron microscopy, air permeance and contact angle measurements using water and oil were used to characterize the uncoated and coated surfaces. It was shown that the MeNC and MFC layers increased the surface wettability. On contrary, HM-EHEC coating provided surface hydrophobicity, but reduced oil repellence. According to oxygen barrier measurements, HM-EHEC seemed to provide resistance at high humidities. In addition, a coating with a low weight could not close the surface completely and resulted in a poor grease barrier. However, high-weight coatings with MFC and HM-EHEC layers were greaseproof, even at elevated temperature and humidities.
A vacuolar proton pump controls the post-germinative growth of rice (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica)
Authors: Gann Peter James Icalia , Nandy Soumen , Botelho Flávia Barbosa Silva , Vinzant Kari , Khodakovskaya Mariya , Srivastava Vibha
Published: February 2025

Post-germinative growth in plants is controlled by sucrose mobilization from the endosperm. Regulation of this process, however, is not fully understood. Transcriptional suppression of the rice vacuolar H+ translocating pyrophosphatase (V-PPase) referred to as VPP5 led to enhanced starch content in mature grains. However, vpp5 suppressed lines displayed a slower post-germinative growth rescuable by sucrose, indicating inefficient sucrose mobilization from the endosperm. Biochemical and gene expression analyses showed a slower rate of starch to sucrose conversion and altered expression of the key starch utilization pathway genes. We hypothesized that the modulation of metabolic activities in the vpp5 lines was based on the perturbation in the homeostasis of H+ and/or inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). Concurring with this, we found enhanced levels of PPi in vpp5 germinating seeds. Metabolomic analysis of the germinating seeds at two different stages of germination revealed a slower rate of metabolism and a differential enrichment of metabolites associated with starch and sucrose metabolism in vpp5 compared to the wildtype. Notably, the yield traits of vpp5 lines, at least in the greenhouse conditions, were not impacted as grain numbers and grain weight of the greenhouse-ripened seeds were similar to that of the wildtype. In conclusion, VPP5 encoding the endosperm-specific V-PPase regulates starch to sucrose conversion in germinating seeds, and its suppression results in a slower post-germinative growth but does not impact the reproductive development the plants.
Optimized derivative fast Fourier transform: Splitting singlet-appearing resonances to genuine multiplets in ovarian NMR spectra from encoded time signals
Authors: Belkić Dževad , Belkić Karen
Published: February 2025

We address the demanding J-spectroscopy part of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for encoded time signals. In the fast Fourier transform (FFT), the J-coupled multiplets are mostly unresolved even with strong magnetic fields (e.g. 600 MHz, 14.1T). The problem is further exacerbated by minuscule chemical shift bands hosting such multiplets. Derivative estimations might be tried as an alternative strategy. However, too tightly overlapped resonances require higher-order derivative estimations. These, in turn, uncontrollably enhance the reconstruction instabilities. Hence, a robust optimizing stabilizer is needed. It is provided by the optimized derivative fast Fourier transform, which simultaneously increases resolution and reduces noise. We presently demonstrate that higher-orders (up to 15) of this processor can accurately resolve the J-coupled multiplets into their genuine components hidden within the singlet-appearing resonances in the FFT spectra. This is exemplified with the challenging two triplets (taurine, myo-inositol lying within only 0.02 ppm) for time signals encoded by ovarian NMR spectroscopy from a patient’s excised cancerous cyst fluid specimen.
Scaling the weight parameters in Markov logic networks and relational logistic regression models
Authors: Weitkämper Felix Q.
Published: February 2025

Extrapolation with domain size has received plenty of attention recently, both in its own right and as part of the broader issue of scaling inference and learning to large domains. We consider Markov logic networks and relational logistic regression as two fundamental representation formalisms in statistical relational artificial intelligence that use weighted formulas in their specification. However, Markov logic networks are based on undirected graphs, while relational logistic regression is based on directed acyclic graphs. We show that when scaling the weight parameters with the domain size, the asymptotic behaviour of a relational logistic regression model is transparently controlled by the parameters, and we supply an algorithm to compute asymptotic probabilities. We show using two examples that this is not true for Markov logic networks. We also discuss using several examples, mainly from the literature, how the application context can help the user to decide when such scaling is appropriate and when using the raw unscaled parameters might be preferable.
Re-assessing accuracy degradation: a framework for understanding DNN behavior on similar-but-non-identical test datasets
Authors: Anzaku Esla Timothy , Wang Haohan , Babalola Ajiboye , Van Messem Arnout , De Neve Wesley
Published: February 2025

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) often demonstrate remarkable performance when evaluated on the test dataset used during model creation. However, their ability to generalize effectively when deployed is crucial, especially in critical applications. One approach to assess the generalization capability of a DNN model is to evaluate its performance on replicated test datasets, which are created by closely following the same methodology and procedures used to generate the original test dataset. Our investigation focuses on the performance degradation of pre-trained DNN models in multi-class classification tasks when evaluated on these replicated datasets; this performance degradation has not been entirely explained by generalization shortcomings or dataset disparities. To address this, we introduce a new evaluation framework that leverages uncertainty estimates generated by the models studied. This framework is designed to isolate the impact of variations in the evaluated test datasets and assess DNNs based on the consistency of their confidence in their predictions. By employing this framework, we can determine whether an observed performance drop is primarily caused by model inadequacy or other factors. We applied our framework to analyze 564 pre-trained DNN models across the CIFAR-10 and ImageNet benchmarks, along with their replicated versions. Contrary to common assumptions about model inadequacy, our results indicate a substantial reduction in the performance gap between the original and replicated datasets when accounting for model uncertainty. This suggests a previously unrecognized adaptability of models to minor dataset variations. Our findings emphasize the importance of understanding dataset intricacies and adopting more nuanced evaluation methods when assessing DNN model performance. This research contributes to the development of more robust and reliable DNN models, especially in critical applications where generalization performance is of utmost importance. The code to reproduce our experiments will be available at https://github.com/esla/Reassessing_DNN_Accuracy.
Are U.S. GAAP-based and IFRS-based accounting amounts more comparable after the revised lease standards? Evidence from ASC 842 and IFRS 16
Authors: Altamuro Jennifer , Chen Lucy Huajing , Li Yiwen
Published: February 2025

This study examines whether the revised lease standards (ASC 842 and IFRS 16) make U.S. GAAP-based accounting amounts more comparable with IFRS-based accounting amounts. Our study is motivated by the FASB and the IASB’s call for research on the comparability of the revised lease standards. We find that U.S. GAAP and IFRS pairs that are high operating lease users experience a larger increase in accounting comparability after the adoption of revised lease standards than low operating lease U.S. GAAP-IFRS pairs. Additionally, our results suggest that the improvement comes more from the changes to the balance sheet rather than the income statement and is more pronounced for IFRS firms from countries with stronger accounting enforcement. Lastly, we show that analysts who are more GAAP-focused (IFRS-focused) prior to the standard change are more likely to increase their forecasting of book value per share for IFRS (U.S. GAAP) firms.
The Role of Kinetic Instabilities and Waves in Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Graham D. B. , Cozzani G. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Wilder V. D. , Holmes J. C. , Nakamura T. K. M. , Büchner J. , Dokgo K. , Richard L. , Steinvall K. , Norgren C. , Chen L.-J. , Ji H. , Drake J. F. , Stawarz J. E. , Eriksson S.
Published: February 2025

Magnetic reconnection converts magnetic field energy into particle energy by breaking and reconnecting magnetic field lines. Magnetic reconnection is a kinetic process that generates a wide variety of kinetic waves via wave-particle interactions. Kinetic waves have been proposed to play an important role in magnetic reconnection in collisionless plasmas by, for example, contributing to anomalous resistivity and diffusion, particle heating, and transfer of energy between different particle populations. These waves range from below the ion cyclotron frequency to above the electron plasma frequency and from ion kinetic scales down to electron Debye length scales. This review aims to describe the progress made in understanding the relationship between magnetic reconnection and kinetic waves. We focus on the waves in different parts of the reconnection region, namely, the diffusion region, separatrices, outflow regions, and jet fronts. Particular emphasis is placed on the recent observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft and numerical simulations, which have substantially increased the understanding of the interplay between kinetic waves and reconnection. Some of the ongoing questions related to waves and reconnection are discussed.
The brothers Karamazov go abroad: A dataset of Russian leaders’ foreign visits
Authors: Aras Bulent , Fazlioglu Burcu
Published: February 2025

This study presents the “Russia Visits Dataset,” which records high-level visits by Russian leaders to foreign countries from 1991 to 2023, including official trips by presidents, prime ministers, and foreign ministers. Using probit regression analysis, the study reveals that strategic interests—such as political, economic, and military factors—predominantly shape the distribution of Russian leader visits, while domestic influences are found to have a limited role. The analysis also emphasizes the importance of international organizations, particularly the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), as a key driver of Russian state visits. The results suggest that previous visits by different leaders influence subsequent visits, indicating a coordinated and sequential approach to Russian diplomacy. The “Russia Visits Dataset” serves as a valuable resource for understanding the dynamics of Russian foreign policy and provides a foundation for future research into the motivations, impacts, and diplomatic strategies of Russian leader visits.
Age-related changes in the radiologic findings of lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia: a multicenter study
Authors: Ohya Ayumi , Fukuzawa Takuya , Himoto Yuki , Kido Aki , Tsuboyama Takahiro , Kikkawa Nao , Fukui Hideyuki , Iraha Yuko , Ito Kimiteru , Fujinaga Yasunari
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To investigate the age-related changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH) during long-term follow-up.

Materials and methods

This multicenter study included 91 patients who underwent preoperative MRI and had a histopathological diagnosis of LEGH, atypical LEGH, or adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) with LEGH after surgical resection. Thirty patients underwent follow-up MRIs at intervals of more than 3 months. According to the age and menopausal status, patients were categorized into four groups: group A, 31–40 years; group B, 41–50 years (premenopausal); group C, more than 50 years (premenopausal); group D, postmenopausal. Differences in the MRI findings (size and morphological pattern) were compared among the four groups.

Results

The lesion volume was the largest in group C and smallest in group D, showing a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The typical cosmos pattern was seen in 60.0% of group A, 62.2% of group B, 75.0% of group C, and 29.2% of group D. The cosmos pattern was significantly less frequent in postmenopausal patients compared to premenopausal patients (p < 0.05). During follow-up, five of 12 individuals in group A exhibited the typical cosmos pattern. Among the seven individuals who did not initially show the cosmos pattern, two later developed the typical cosmos pattern. No changes in the lesion pattern were observed in participants in their 40 s up to the premenopausal 50 s. From the premenopausal 50 s to the postmenopausal period, the cosmos pattern changed to a microcystic pattern in one case of atypical LEGH.

Conclusions

LEGH increases in volume with age until menopause, along with an increasing frequency of the typical cosmos pattern in MRI. However, after menopause, both the volume of the lesion and frequency of the typical cosmos pattern decrease.
Seasonal Variation in the Role of Benthic Macrofauna Communities for Ecosystem Functioning in Shallow Coastal Soft-Sediment Habitats
Authors: Gammal Johanna , Järnström Marie , Norkko Joanna , Bonsdorff Erik , Norkko Alf
Published: February 2025

Coastal zones include a variety of habitats and numerous biodiversity components, which provide essential ecosystem functions and services. In the wake of the escalating climate and biodiversity crises, there is an urgency for increased understanding of how biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning. The strong seasonality in high-latitude ecosystems is adding complexity to these relationships. To examine this complexity, recurrent sampling of benthic macrofauna and solute fluxes was conducted in three shallow (< 4 m) coastal soft-sediment habitats (I sandy mud, II fine sand, and III medium sand) over a year (April 2015–April 2016) in SW Finland (N 59° 50.670′, E 23° 14.963′). In addition to temperature, key benthic fauna species (Macoma balthica, Cerastoderma glaucum, Hediste diversicolor, and Marenzelleria spp.) accounted for variability in solute fluxes at every site (27–47% of the variability explained). At the most exposed site, with medium sand, the organic matter content also apparently affected solute fluxes. These results highlight that the strength of the benthic biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships depends on season, macrofauna species, and environmental context.
Automating quality control through an expert system
Authors: Scarton Giorgio , Formentini Marco , Romano Pietro
Published: February 2025

In this article, we present findings from an interventional study conducted within a small enterprise in northern Italy, focused on automating quality control in press-in operation for the production of reduction gearboxes. Guided by Organizational Information Processing Theory, we developed an expert system to automate quality control and facilitate early fault detection. This novel approach enhances quality control within this production stage and could potentially impact other levels of the supply chain. We contribute to the theory by providing a revised version of the Organizational Information Processing Theory framework which integrates technological advancements and variability of the task over time as critical factors affecting information processing, and shows the iterative nature of the digitalization process in SMEs. Operationally, the solution increases defect identification from 6% at end-of-line to 15% through step-by-step checks. It provides a cost-effective, practical example of AI-driven quality control, advocating for data-driven decision-making demonstrating a scalable pathway for SMEs to adopt AI with limited resources.
Uncertainty quantification data model for the probabilistic design of the thermal protection system of a reusable launch vehicle stage
Authors: Koch Aaron D. , Wilken Jascha , Alder Marko
Published: February 2025

Early design phases significantly impact a system’s life-cycle costs, yet they are fraught with large uncertainties. Hence, it is important to incorporate uncertainties in preliminary design activities. However, sampling the uncertain design space instead of analyzing a single system entails a considerable computational cost. It also demands a high degree of automation. Standardized data models can significantly aid this effort by offering a structured way of storing and handling large amounts of data. Therefore, this paper proposes an uncertainty quantification (UQ) data model for dealing with probabilistic data. Its hierarchical structure has been specified using Extensible Markup Language Schema Definition (XSD). It is complemented by a library written in C and provides additional Python bindings. The proposed approach is used in a case study in which the design of a thermal protection system (TPS) of the wing profile of a reusable launch vehicle stage is assessed. The UQ data model was used to store the UQ data of the TPS design study.
Nutritional support in professional German football clubs and youth academies—a descriptive study
Authors: Reyzis Dolores , Braun Hans , Hauser Thomas , Meyer Tim
Published: February 2025

Proper nutrition is considered important for the maintenance of health and performance in football players. The more demanding the match and training schedule, the higher the requirements for nutritional advice are. Still, the amount and level of nutritional support is unknown in many (semi-)professional settings. Therefore, the goal of this study was to provide an overview of nutrition practices in clubs of the highest German football leagues and their youth academies. An online survey about nutritional support was distributed to 97 professional male (Bundesliga, 2nd Bundesliga, and 3rd division), female (Women’s Bundesliga), and academy club representatives of which 52 (54% response rate) replied. We found that ~83% (n = 43) of clubs provide some nutritional advice, mostly for the professional male (69%, n = 35) and academy teams (65%, n = 34), while only 32% (n = 12) of professional female teams receive support. Nutritional advice is primarily provided by either full-time coaches (27%) or external nutritionists (27%). In about 60% of elite German clubs, daily nutrition offers include one whole meal, sports foods and micronutrient supplementation. Clubs’ representatives (75%) concur that nutrition significantly impacts football performance. Challenges in the implementation of advice are seen in professional players being often quite resistant to advice and in the topic still being “very coach-dependent”. In conclusion, nutrition is regarded an important topic within surveyed clubs, but consistent support by nutrition professionals is sparse, especially for female players. To enhance the quality of nutritional support, professional clubs and academies might consider employing a full-time qualified nutritionist or dietitian.
Mitochondria in cutaneous health, disease, ageing and rejuvenation—the 3PM-guided mitochondria-centric dermatology
Authors: Golubnitschaja Olga , Sargheini Nafiseh , Bastert Janine
Published: February 2025

Association of both intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors leading to accelerated skin ageing is reflected in excessive ROS production and ir/reversible mitochondrial injury and burnout, as abundantly demonstrated by accumulating research data. Due to the critical role of mitochondrial stress in the pathophysiology of skin ageing and disorders, maintained (primary care) and restored (secondary care) mitochondrial health, rejuvenation and homoeostasis are considered the most effective holistic approach to advance dermatological treatments based on systemic health–supportive and stimulating measures. Per evidence, an effective skin anti-ageing protection, wound healing and scarring quality – all strongly depend on the sustainable mitochondrial functionality and well-balanced homoeostasis. The latter can be objectively measured and, if necessary, restored in a systemic manner by pre- and rehabilitation algorithms tailored to individualised patient profiles. The entire spectrum of corresponding innovations in the area includes natural and systemic skin rejuvenation, aesthetic and reconstructive medicine, sustainable skin protection and targeted treatments of skin disorders. Contextually, mitochondria-centric dermatology is instrumental for advanced 3PM-guided approach which makes a good use of predictive multi-level diagnostics and targeted protection of skin against both — the health-to-disease transition and progression of relevant disorders. Cost-effective targeted protection and new treatment avenues focused on sustainable mitochondrial health and physiologic homoeostasis are proposed in the article including in-depth analysis of patient cases and exemplified 3PM-guided care with detailed mechanisms and corresponding expert recommendations presented.
Development of buspirone hydrochloride-loaded long-acting microneedles for management of anxiety disorders
Authors: Karve Tanvi , Shrestha Nisha , Kipping Thomas , Banga Ajay K.
Published: February 2025

Buspirone hydrochloride (BSP) is an anxiolytic agent approved for the management of anxiety disorders. The current US-FDA approved medications of BSP are administered via the oral route, which is linked to several disadvantages such as low oral bioavailability and low half-life necessitating multiple daily doses. For chronic diseases such as anxiety disorders, where long-term or lifelong management is often required, these factors impact patient compliance and treatment adherence. The present study offers an alternative treatment approach by investigating the feasibility of sustained transdermal delivery of BSP via long-acting microneedles (MNs). Needle-tip-loaded MNs were fabricated via micro-molding technique using various grades of poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) namely 4–88, 8–88, 18–88, and 26–88. These MNs were compared using characterization techniques such as Parafilm® insertion testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and histological evaluation of MNs-treated human skin. The effect of different grades of PVA on the structural and mechanical properties of the fabricated MNs was evaluated. Further, in vitro release and permeation tests were conducted to assess the drug release patterns and transdermal delivery across dermatomed human skin over 7-day study periods. The highest release (5507.37 ± 456.88 µg/cm2) and delivery (4705.42 ± 634.57 µg/cm2) were observed from PVA 4–88, with significant differences among the PVA grades based on their properties. Notably, all four types of the fabricated PVA MNs crossed the daily and weekly therapeutic targets for the systemic delivery of BSP. Overall, this study established the feasibility of sustained delivery of BSP across the skin using PVA MNs for the management of anxiety disorders.

Graphical Abstract
Pulp Regeneration in Necrotic Teeth Based on Functionalized Scaffolds: a Review of Clinical and Experimental Strategies
Authors: De la cruz-Rocha Edwin Rafael , Parada-Sanchez Monica Tatiana , Arboleda-Toro David , Cañas-Gutierrez Ana Isabel
Published: February 2025

Purpose of Review

This review aims to summarize the literature about the main concepts related to pulp regeneration in necrotic teeth as well as the functions of each of the elements applied, with special consideration on understanding the functionalization of the different biomaterials used in the scaffold design.

Recent Findings

Pulp necrosis, caused by trauma, caries, or periodontal disease, interrupts this tissue's formative, nutritive, reparative, and defense functions, making its regeneration challenging to favor the prognosis of the compromised tooth. Although current regenerative endodontic treatments do not fully regenerate the pulp-dentin complex with its vascular and neuronal components, the functionalization of biomaterials could favor the regeneration of functional pulp-like tissue through the strategy called Cell Homing.

The biomaterials used in pulp regeneration when functionalized with protein or pharmacological molecules have a great influence on the migratory, proliferative and differentiation response of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells residing within the dental and periodontal tissues. The structure and physiology of the pulp tissue are considered challenges in regenerative endodontics. However, the development of strategies based on functionalized bio-scaffolds, promoting cell migration and subsequent cell homing is a promising solution to improve the prognosis of tooth with pulp necrosis.
Understanding the Decoupled Effects of Cations and Anions Doping for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Hu Tianxiang , Wang Yixi , Liu Kai , Liu Jia , Zhang Haoyang , Khan Qudrat Ullah , Dai Shijie , Qian Weifan , Liu Ruochen , Wang Yanyan , Li Chongyuan , Zhang Zhenru , Luo Mingxiang , Yue Xiaofei , Cong Chunxiao , Yongbo Yuan , Yu Anran , Zhang Jia , Zhan Yiqiang
Published: February 2025

The past decade has witnessed the rapid increasement in power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, serious ion migration hampers their operational stability. Although dopants composed of varied cations and anions are introduced into perovskite to suppress ion migration, the impact of cations or anions is not individually explored, which hinders the evaluation of different cations and further application of doping strategy. Here we report that a special group of sulfonic anions (like CF3SO3
−) successfully introduce alkaline earth ions (like Ca2+) into perovskite lattice compared to its halide counterparts. Furthermore, with effective crystallization regulation and defect passivation of sulfonic anions, perovskite with Ca(CF3SO3)2 shows reduced PbI2 residue and metallic Pb0 defects; thereby, corresponding PSCs show an enhanced PCE of 24.95%. Finally by comparing the properties of perovskite with Ca(CF3SO3)2 and FACF3SO3, we found that doped Ca2+ significantly suppressed halide migration with an activation energy of 1.246 eV which accounts for the improved operational stability of Ca(CF3SO3)2-doped PSCs, while no obvious impact of Ca2+on trap density is observed. Combining the benefits of cations and anions, this study presents an effective method to decouple the effects of cations and anions and fabricate efficient and stable PSCs.
A First Look at the Gravettian Open-Air Site Ollersdorf-Heidenberg (Austria): Recent Fieldwork and First Results on Stratigraphy, Chronology, Organic Preservation and Combustion Activity
Authors: Bosch Marjolein D. , Pirson Stéphane , Damblon Freddy , Jambrina-Enríquez Margarita , Mallol Carolina , Pryor Alexander , Murphree William Chase , Viola Bence T. , Antl-Weiser Walpurga , Nigst Philip R.
Published: February 2025

The Middle Danube region is a key area for understanding Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherer behaviours in a climatic context due to its long loess–palaeosol sequences and rich archaeological record spanning from the onset of the Upper Palaeolithic to the Last Glacial Maximum and beyond. Recently, new approaches focusing on high-resolution studies of the stratigraphy, geoarchaeological studies at microscopic scale and investigations of organic matter at molecular scale (biomarker analyses) have shown great new insights in human behaviour. Many sites in the Middle Danube region have been excavated a long time ago without opportunity to apply such approaches. The aim of this paper is to introduce Ollersdorf-Heidenberg, a loess open-air site. The site is located ~ 26 km northeast of Vienna close to the Morava River valley and preserves several Upper Palaeolithic archaeological horizons. The site has been known since a pipeline construction in 1998. Here, we report the first results of new research at the site including new excavations in two trenches. We describe and analyse the stratigraphy, present a first radiocarbon date, describe and analyse lithic and faunal collections, and assess potential in situ combustion activity and the preservation of organic matter. Research at the site is ongoing, but our preliminary results let us suggest good preservation of organic matter and, hence, Ollersdorf-Heidenberg has a remarkable potential for providing valuable insights in past hunter-gatherer behaviours at the climatic downturn towards the Last Glacial Maximum.
Is anomalous electron cross-field transport always detrimental?: potential applications of deliberately enhanced transport in Hall thrusters
Authors: Bak Junhwi , Kawashima Rei
Published: February 2025

Anomalous electron transport in Hall thrusters is traditionally viewed as detrimental to thruster performance due to the power consumption associated with electron back-flow. The electron back-flow can significantly increase when the magnetic barrier near the acceleration region is deteriorated. However, enhanced cross-field transport in the near-anode or plume region, which contributes less to the total resistivity across the space, can potentially control thruster operation while minimizing known detrimental effects. In this work, we explore how enhanced cross-field transport in such regions affects various aspects of Hall thruster operation and explore the potential applications of artificially enhanced cross-field transport using a radial-axial 2D hybrid particle-in-cell simulation. We report that, in certain cases, even though electron back-flow increases, induced changes in plasma formation and ion acceleration due to manipulated anomalous transport can occur favorably, overall improving thruster performance. This finding motivates further comprehensive studies focused on the control of cross-field electron transport.
Integrating Disease Investigation Escape Room and Preparedness Simulation into Nursing Education
Authors: Phan Quyen To , Chance-Revels Rebekah , Clark-Youngblood Morgan , Baker Helen , Kimble Laura P.
Published: February 2025

Objective

This report describes the implementation and evaluation of a unique escape room game/unfolding public health preparedness simulation into nursing education. The innovative approach was designed to teach disease investigation, epidemiological principles, and technical skills such as the tuberculosis (TB) skin testing techniques.

Methods

The escape room/unfolding health preparedness simulation was implemented with 29 pre-licensure nursing students and involved game-like activities as well as a realistic disaster simulation scenario with standardized patients.

Results

The project yielded positive outcomes, with students demonstrating increased knowledge and confidence. Students also recommended the simulation for teaching disaster preparedness, highlighting its effectiveness. Evaluation data also suggested refinement of the simulation around the nurses’ roles.

Conclusions

While implementing this teaching innovation had challenges, the approach enhanced active learning, critical thinking, and teamwork in nursing education, preparing students for real-world health care challenges. The project underscores the importance of such simulations in training nursing students for public health emergencies. It also highlights the need for further research to assess long-term impacts on student outcomes, indicating the potential for continued improvement and development in the field.
Patient safety as a measure of resilience in US hospitals: central line-associated bloodstream infections, July 2020 through June 2021
Authors: Sapiano Mathew R.P. , Dudeck Margaret A. , Patel Prachi R. , Binder Alison M. , Kofman Aaron , Kuhar David T. , Pillai Satish K. , Stuckey Matthew J. , Edwards Jonathan R. , Benin Andrea L.
Published: February 2025

Objective:

Resilience of the healthcare system has been described as the ability to absorb, adapt, and respond to stress while maintaining the provision of safe patient care. We quantified the impact that stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic had on patient safety, as measured by central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Healthcare Safety Network.

Design:

Acute care hospitals were mandated to report markers of resource availability (staffing and hospital occupancy with COVID-19 inpatients) to the federal government between July 2020 and June 2021. These data were used with community levels of COVID-19 to develop a statistical model to assess factors influencing rates of CLABSIs among inpatients during the pandemic.

Results:

After risk adjustment for hospital characteristics, measured stressors were associated with increased CLABSIs. Staff shortages for more than 10% of days per month were associated with a statistically significant increase of 2 CLABSIs per 10,000 central line days versus hospitals reporting staff shortages of less than 10% of days per month. CLABSIs increased with a higher inpatient COVID-19 occupancy rate; when COVID-19 occupancy was 20% or more, there were 5 more CLABSIs per 10,000 central line days versus the referent (less than 5%).

Conclusions:

Reporting of data pertaining to hospital operations during the COVID-19 pandemic afforded an opportunity to evaluate resilience of US hospitals. We demonstrate how the stressors of staffing shortages and high numbers of patients with COVID-19 negatively impacted patient safety, demonstrating poor resilience. Understanding stress in hospitals may allow for the development of policies that support resilience and drive safe care.