bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Factors that Affect the Well-Being of Healthcare Workers
Authors: Tomo Andrea , De Simone Stefania
Published: May 2017

While the literature on well-being has largely explored workers in different industries, and much has been written about patient well-being and quality of life in recent years, little attention has focused on the well-being of healthcare professionals. This study aims to provide a relevant state-of-the-art on the healthcare sector within the context of well-being. The paper employs a systematic literature review, following the PRISMA guidelines, to find relevant studies; the analysis of results is then provided by using Herzberg’s two-factor theory to explore factors affecting the well-being of healthcare workers. The literature review revealed that few relevant studies were conducted before the year 2013; only a recent increased attention to this theme, with a particular focus on nurses, enabled this study to confirm several factors individuated in the general literature on well-being and to highlight some other factors specific to healthcare. This paper provides suggestions to build a better and healthier work environment, highlighting that managers need to focus their attention on creating conditions that facilitate intra- and inter- professional relationships, on providing healthcare workers with adequate solutions for their well-being, and on strengthening the individual employee’s identification with, and involvement in, the organization.
Research on the impact of exercise on body composition of elderly
Authors: Aksović Nikola , Anđelković Ivana , Ličina Mersad
Published: May 2017

Body composition is a component of health, which is closely linked with the values of muscle, fat, water, bone, and other vital parts of the human body The subject of research are studies published in the period from 1998 to 2016, focused on the impact of the program of exercise on body composition in older people, aged 58-70 years This review aimed to identify and summarize the body composition of the elderly, as well as to clarify whether there is an impact exercise program on body composition in the elderly The results of this study confirm the conclusions of many previous studies that exercise is an important factor in the reduction of body composition of the elderly Made a systematic review shows that compared with passive control group achieved significant results in improving body composition of elderly people It is recommended that aerobic training, high-intensity training, endurance training, resistance training, strength training, or a combination of these types of training are a sure way to reduce the body composition of the elderly, however, individual differences can certainly be attributed to the characteristics of the sample, and in addition obtained results may vary depending on the duration and type of activity.
Connections between morphological characteristics and cardiorespiratory fitness of students
Authors: Anđelković Ivana , Aksović Nikola
Published: May 2017

Cardiorespiratory fitness is the ability of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to supply oxygen active muscle and the ability of muscles to use oxygen for energy production during continuous physical activity . The subject of research are studies published in the period from 2000 to 2016, focused on the connection between morphological characteristics and cardiorespiratory fitness of students . The aim of this survey is to collect the relevant literature on cardiorespiratory fitness, as well as to clarify whether there is a relationship of morphological characteristics and cardiorespiratory fitness of students . The systematic review included 25 studies . Based on the results, it can be concluded that the correlation between morphological characteristics and cardiorespiratory fitness is significant, especially if viewed from the perspective of the health status of man . This speaks to the fact that modern trends in society positive because it cares about the physical fitness man the right path to a healthy lifestyle.
The impact of a two-month break from training on motor abilities in 13 to 14 years old female volleyball players
Authors: Brezić Goran , Bogojević Mapko , Majstorović Nikola , Savić Zoran , Simić Jelena
Published: May 2017

Numerous studies explore the influence of different training processes on changes in motor abilities, on the other hand break in the athletes season is the phenomenon which could also have a significant impact on motor abilities. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in motor abilities, as well as anthropometric characteristics of female volleyball players 13-14 years old following the 2 months brake. The instrument used for the assessment of break characteristics and duration was standardized IPAQ (International Physical activity questionary) questionary, modified for the purposes of this study. Anthropometric parameters (body height, body mass, BMI) were used for this research, as well as field tests for the motoric abilities assessing explosive strenght of leg extensor muscles, speed and strenght of arm muscles, repetitive strenght, endurance in speed, and agility (long jump, felling cones, medicine ball throw from prone position, crunches in 30 seconds, and 3m sidesteps). Based on the analysis of the obtained results, differences were observed in anthropometric characteristics: body height, body mass, and BMI, with the level of significance of p<0,05. Significant differences were also observed in 3/5 of motor abilities: explosive strength of leg extensor muscles, strength of arm muscles, and endurance in speed, while no significant differences were observed in variables assessing agility, and repetitive strength. A 2 month break from training had selective influence on changes in motor abilities in female volleyball players. Agility, and repetitive strength, as some of volleyball specific abilities remained almost unchanged, respectively brake didn't have significant impact on them.
Physical activity of adults with hemophilia in Serbia
Authors: Dević Damjan , Radenović Sandra , Turza Karel
Published: May 2017

The subject of this paper is the involvement of adults with hemophilia in Serbia in physical activity through planned and systematic physical exercise and sports activities Authors have explored the basic socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents as well as the level of awareness about the benefits of physical activity for health and psychosocial status of adults with hemophilia. The aim of the research is to determine the difference between adults with hemophilia in Serbia in: the socio-demographic characteristics; in the presence of fear of injury; in awareness about the benefits of physical activity through physical exercise for overall health condition and quality of life and in accepting doctors' recommendations related to physical activity through physical exercise. The study included 44 adults with hemophilia surveyed in April 2016, at Ada Ciganlija in Belgrade, during the event marking the World Day of hemophilia patients in Serbia. As there is no sociological researches of involvement in physical activity of people with hemophilia in Serbia for now, the results of this research can be a specific type of a landmark in the implementation of further sociological studies of this population. The results suggest that the adults with hemophilia should be more involved in the physical activity or sport with the recommendation of doctors and trainers in accordance with the degree of severity of hemophilia.
Comparative analysis of postural status of children that stay for longer or shorter time in pre-schools and are involved in sports activities on the territory of the city of Kragujevac
Authors: Živanović Vladimir
Published: May 2017

Ontogenetic development, during the embryonic period and postnatal life, involves a complex of quantitative and qualitative changes in individual organs, organ systems and organism as a whole, given that the organism is an integral, in homeostatic conditions, indivisible whole. The processes of tissue growth and differentiation and functional maturation comprise a complex term of physical development. In today's typical urban areas it comes to permanent reduction of opportunities and needs of children for exercise and intense physical engagement, which is particularly evident in the preschool population. The aim of this study was to examine the posture status, ie the status of individual body segments in children who attend preschool institution 'Nada Naumović' in Kragujevac. The total sample included 204 preschoolers, aged 6 to 7 years, who were divided into a subsample of children staying for 3 and 4 years (LSKPI-103 - longer stay in Kragujevac preschool institutions) in preschool and a subsample of children staying for 6 months (SSKPI-101 - shorter stay in Kragujevac preschool institutions). The method used in determining the possible postural disorders was somatoscopy, by Radisavljevic and Radojevic. The results of the research led to the following conclusions, that there is approximately the same number of children in both samples with three or more postural deformities (even LSKPI-51 or 49.51% compared to SSKPI-50 or 49.50%), as well as in children who do not have a deformity of body (LSKPI-14 or 13.59%, compared to SSKPI 12 or 11.88%). Namely, the most common physical irregularities in both samples in the assessment 1 were in the variables: suspended arch of the foot, LSKPI - values (as much as 71.84%), compared to subsample SSKPI (77.22%), then with the distortions of the Achilles tendon towards the inside (69.90%), as opposed to (75.24%) and 'X' feet (66.01%), versus (72.27%). Comparative sublimation of the two mentioned samples of respondents, in the assessment 1, found the greatest statistical differences in the variables: embossed or carved chest values (5.53%), followed by distortion of Achilles tendon in or out (5.38%), 'H' or 'O' footing, respectively the knee joint (5.33%) and raised right or left shoulder blade (4.58%), while the least significant differences were found in: right or left wings blade in the value of (0.41%), then with increased or decreased cervical curve (0.85%) and in head position tilt to the right or left side of the body (0.93%). Quantitative research results indicate the need to apply corrective exercises with the aim of correction, but also prevention of postural disorders by introducing exercises as daily focused activities of pre-school population.
The dominant hand influence on technical and tactical activity and efficiency of top table tennis players in the world
Authors: Kocić Goran
Published: May 2017

The study, aiming to determine the dominant hand influence on technical and tactical activity and efficiency of top table tennis players, analyzed the 846 sets played by 77 players, participants in the final of the Olympic tournament, during the 77 duels. Each observation has been described trough a 28 variables set. The results were submitted to descriptive, inferential and multivariate statistical analysis. In the basic player sample 28 57% were left-handed players, which was an essential aberration from the representation of left-handed people in the general population. By the Mann-Whitney test was determined significant difference between left-handed and right-handed players in 10 variables. Binary logistic regression analysis extracted a set of 9 variables that were significantly differ the left-handed from right-handed players. The obtained regression model was highly significant (Hosmer-Lemeshaw p =.8451; AUROC p <.00001; sensitivity of 62.18%, specificity 89.25%) and correctly classified 69.03% of the analyzed observations. Discriminant analysis (Mahalanobis distance to centroid p <.00001) pointed to 8 variables with significant contribution to the canonical dimension that maximized the distance between the observed groups. It was concluded that the influence of the dominant hand in a top table tennis players game is significant and in favor of left-handed players, what one should pay attention to in the selection and training process.
Proposal for correction of practical class organization of the subject Theory and methodology of sport gymnastics based on female student performance assessment
Authors: Kocić-Pajić Sonja , Vukašinović Vladan , Dabović Milinko , Radisavljević-Janić Snežana
Published: May 2017

In this study, the efficiency of female students in overcoming program of practical classes of the subject Theory and methodology of sport gymnastics on academic studies of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education in Belgrade was analysed. The purpose of this survey was to propose changes for the sake of increasing the efficiency of studies based on the estimated accomplishment in acquiring skills as one of the measures of the instruction quality. In order to determine the direction of these changes, the relations of good results in overcoming the individual units of the program of practical classes, success in mastering rhythmic and acrobatic contents, and achievements in overcoming program of practical classes by disciplines were examined. The study is of transversal type and is based on ex-post-facto proceedings. An experimental effect presented a regular program of exercises realized in the framework of practical classes in the duration of one school year. A descriptive method was applied, as well as the method of content analysis For a statistical interpretation of data, the T - test for dependent samples, and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used. The results indicated that female students were significantly more successful in overcoming the compulsory compositions than in colloquiums and in free compositions, as well as in overcoming the pre-examination and examination commitments on the floor and the beam in relation to the loom and leaps Respectable performance assessment enabled the proposal of solutions for the purpose of improving the quality of teaching. The effects of suggested changes in the organization of practical classes should be monitored in the work with the future generations of female students.
Analysis of world records and results achieved in the Olympic Games in the heptathlon
Authors: Mandarić Dejan , Mandarić Sanja
Published: May 2017

The heptathlon is a combined event in athletics consisting of seven athletics events, where the most versatile athletes compete. The heptathlon competition is held over two constructive days, and the winners are determined by the combined performance in all. On the first day the competitors do 100 m hurdles, high jump, shot put and 200 m. On the second day they do long jump, javelin and 800 m. Performance is judged on a points system in each discipline using scoring tables, which were accepted by the International Association of Athletics Federation in 1984. Considering that the heptathlon stands for running, jumping, and throwing disciplines, the goal of the project is to determine the structure, or domination of definite single disciplines or the group of disciplines, during achieving the results in the heptathlon. According to this, the analysis of the world record of Jackie Joyner Kersee and the heptathlon Olympics winners from 2000 to 2016 was done in this project. The research results show that the results achieved in running and jumping disciplines play the crucial role in the achieving the best results in the heptathlon, and the world record of Jackie Joyner Kersee is the result hard to be achieved in the future.
Prediction of reliability and correlation of methods and variables for determining the optimal drop height
Authors: Matić Milan
Published: May 2017

Training with an optimal demand maximizing muscle power is recommended and considered superior to classic demand training which lacks precisely determened intensity The first goal of this research was to examine the number of repetitions required to achieve variables of high reliability determining the optimal drop height (DHopt) while using the picking or fitting methods and following variables: relativized maximal muscle power in the concentrated phase of jump (PPcon), achieved jump height (H), and reactive strength index (RSI). The second goal was to examine the correlation between the two methods used and variables that define DHopt Thirty examinees participated in this experiment (students of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade) When DHopt was determined by the variable PPcon using the fitting method (two repetitions were enough) the smallest number of repetition was needed to achieve 'high' reliability. When DHopt was determined by the variable RSI using the picking method three repetitions were needed, and when DHopt was determined by the variable H using the picking and fitting methods five repetitions were needed in order to achieve high reliability The fewest number of repetitions was needed when DHopt was determing PPcon using the picking method The lowest correlation between the methods of picking and fitting, the only statistically significant different DHopt between the two methods, was shown when DHopt was determined by PPcon variable.
Effects of specialized physical education classes on the body composition female students of Academy of Criminalistics and Police Studies
Authors: Mitrović Bojan , Vučković Goran , Đorđević Marija , Rakić Slađana
Published: May 2017

The aim of this research was to determine effects of Specialized physical education classes and effects of 'functional training method' programme application on body composition of female students, during 12 weeks. The research was carried out on sample of 54 female students of the Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies (ACPS) from Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, aged from 19 to 21 years, divided into experimental group (22 female, BH=169.05±5.03cm, BW=64.91±10.36kg, BMI=22.63±2.87kg/m2) and into control group (32 female, BH=168.29±4.68cm, BW=61.33±6.54kg, BMI=21.65±2.03kg/m2), respectively. Experimental group has applied 'functional methods' of strength development, twice a week, during 12 weeks, no longer than 20 minutes by classes. Female students were tested at the beginning and at the end of the experimental programme, by standardized procedures for body composition assessment. Results of MANCOVA showed, at general level, that there wern't statistically significantly changes in effects between experimental and control group, in case of application of experimental programme on body composition of female students (p=0.610), during 12 weeks. Results of ANCOVA of female students, showed at the individual level, that there wern't statistically significantly changes. It can be concluded that the application of 'functional training method' programme on female students of ACPS, during 12 weeks, had no statistically significant effects on the change of all parameters body composition isn't statistically significantly affected in any of parameters, with some minor changes of observed parameters.
A Broadband Ultrathin Nonlinear Switching Metamaterial
Authors: Zarnousheh Farahani E. , Jarchi S. , Keshtkar A.
Published: May 2017

In this paper, an ultrathin planar nonlinear metamaterial slab is designed and simulated. Nonlinearity is provided through placing diodes in each metamaterial unit cell. The diodes are auto-biased and activated by an incident wave. The proposed structure represents a broadband switching property between two transmission and reflection states depending on the intensity of the incident wave. High permittivity values are presented creating a near zero effective impedance at low power states, around the second resonant mode of the structure unit cell; as the result, the incident wave is reflected. Increasing the incident power to the level which can activate the loaded diodes in the structure results in elimination of the resonance and consequently a drop in the permittivity values near the permeability one as well as a switch to the transmission state. A full wave as well as a nonlinear simulations are performed. An optimization method based on weed colonization is applied to the unit cell of the metamaterial slab to achieve the maximum switching bandwidth. The structure represents a 24% switching bandwidth of a 10 dB reduction in the reflection coefficient.
High Sensitive FBG Based Muscular Strain Sensor
Authors: Koozekanani R. D. , Makouei S.
Published: May 2017

Assessment of biomechanical behavior of human musculoskeletal structure is essential to recognize bone diseases and to design proper medical devices.  The skeleton system basically adapts to mechanical loadings. Thus, monitoring the bone deformation under load is of great importance to attain better analysis and interpretation.  In recent years, Fiber Bragg Grating sensing devices have been developed and used to monitor strain and temperature of skeleton system.  In this work a Fiber Bragg Grating sensor is designed holding a 1.54 pmµε-1 axial strain sensitivity which is almost 30% higher than the one achieved so far.  The improvement in sensitivity is achieved by adjusting single-mode optical fiber parameters of the structure.
A mixed methods study of multiple health behaviors among individuals with stroke
Authors: Plow Matthew , Moore Shirley M. , Sajatovic Martha , Katzan Irene
Published: May 2017

Background

Individuals with stroke often have multiple cardiovascular risk factors that necessitate promoting engagement in multiple health behaviors. However, observational studies of individuals with stroke have typically focused on promoting a single health behavior. Thus, there is a poor understanding of linkages between healthy behaviors and the circumstances in which factors, such as stroke impairments, may influence a single or multiple health behaviors.

Methods

We conducted a mixed methods convergent parallel study of 25 individuals with stroke to examine the relationships between stroke impairments and physical activity, sleep, and nutrition. Our goal was to gain further insight into possible strategies to promote multiple health behaviors among individuals with stroke. This study focused on physical activity, sleep, and nutrition because of their importance in achieving energy balance, maintaining a healthy weight, and reducing cardiovascular risks. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected concurrently, with the former being prioritized over the latter. Qualitative data was prioritized in order to develop a conceptual model of engagement in multiple health behaviors among individuals with stroke. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed independently and then were integrated during the inference stage to develop meta-inferences. The 25 individuals with stroke completed closed-ended questionnaires on healthy behaviors and physical function. They also participated in face-to-face focus groups and one-to-one phone interviews.

Results

We found statistically significant and moderate correlations between hand function and healthy eating habits (r = 0.45), sleep disturbances and limitations in activities of daily living (r =  − 0.55), BMI and limitations in activities of daily living (r =  − 0.49), physical activity and limitations in activities of daily living (r = 0.41), mobility impairments and BMI (r =  − 0.41), sleep disturbances and physical activity (r =  − 0.48), sleep disturbances and BMI (r = 0.48), and physical activity and BMI (r =  − 0.45). We identified five qualitative themes: (1) Impairments: reduced autonomy, (2) Environmental forces: caregivers and information, (3) Re-evaluation: priorities and attributions, (4) Resiliency: finding motivation and solutions, and (5) Negative affectivity: stress and self-consciousness. Three meta-inferences and a conceptual model described circumstances in which factors could influence single or multiple health behaviors.

Discussion

This is the first mixed methods study of individuals with stroke to elaborate on relationships between multiple health behaviors, BMI, and physical function. A conceptual model illustrates addressing sleep disturbances, activity limitations, self-image, and emotions to promote multiple health behaviors. We discuss the relevance of the meta-inferences in designing multiple behavior change interventions for individuals with stroke.
Conceptualizing holistic community resilience to climate events: Foundation for a climate resilience screening index
Authors: Summers J. Kevin , Smith Lisa M. , Harwell Linda C. , Buck Kyle D.
Published: May 2017

The concept of resilience has been evolving over the past decade as a way to address the current and future challenges nations, states, and cities face from a changing climate. Understanding how the environment (natural and built), climate event risk, societal interactions, and governance reflect community resilience for adaptive management is critical for envisioning urban and natural environments that can persist through extreme weather events and longer‐term shifts in climate. To be successful, this interaction of these five domains must result in maintaining quality of life and ensuring equal access to the benefits or the protection from harm for all segments of the population. An exhaustive literature review of climate resilience approaches was conducted examining the two primary elements of resilience—vulnerability and recoverability. The results of this review were examined to determine if any existing frameworks addressed the above five major areas in an integrated manner. While some aspects of a resilience model were available for existing sources, no comprehensive approach was available. A new conceptual model for resilience to climate events is proposed that incorporates some available structures and addresses these five domains at a national, regional, state, and county spatial scale for a variety of climate‐induced events ranging from superstorms to droughts and their concomitant events such as wildfires, floods, and pest invasions. This conceptual model will be developed in a manner that will permit comparisons among governance units (e.g., counties) and permit an examination of best reliance practices.
Transpolar arcs observed simultaneously in both hemispheres
Authors: Carter J. A. , Milan S. E. , Fear R. C. , Walach M.‐T. , Harrison Z. A. , Paxton L. J. , Hubert B.
Published: May 2017

Two coexisting transpolar arcs are observed on 31 August 2005. We track the formation and motion of the arcs in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, using data from two independent satellites (Imager for Magnetopause to Aurora Global Exploration and a Defence Meteorological Satellite Program satellite). The observations are supported by supplementary ground‐based ionospheric convection data from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network. The two arcs form during a period of northward interplanetary magnetic field. Following a change in the direction of the interplanetary magnetic field BY component from negative to positive, the dawnside arc traverses the polar cap to the duskside in the Northern Hemisphere. Over the same time period and in the Southern Hemisphere, the duskside arc traverses the polar cap to the dawnside. A complex magnetic field line topology resulting in the coexistence of two tongues of closed field lines protruding into the otherwise open polar cap is implied. We discuss these observations in terms of magnetic conjugacy and a model of transpolar arcs formation.
Sediment gravity flows triggered by remotely generated earthquake waves
Authors: Johnson H. Paul , Gomberg Joan S. , Hautala Susan L. , Salmi Marie S.
Published: May 2017

Recent great earthquakes and tsunamis around the world have heightened awareness of the inevitability of similar events occurring within the Cascadia Subduction Zone of the Pacific Northwest. We analyzed seafloor temperature, pressure, and seismic signals, and video stills of sediment‐enveloped instruments recorded during the 2011–2015 Cascadia Initiative experiment, and seafloor morphology. Our results led us to suggest that thick accretionary prism sediments amplified and extended seismic wave durations from the 11 April 2012 Mw8.6 Indian Ocean earthquake, located more than 13,500 km away. These waves triggered a sequence of small slope failures on the Cascadia margin that led to sediment gravity flows culminating in turbidity currents. Previous studies have related the triggering of sediment‐laden gravity flows and turbidite deposition to local earthquakes, but this is the first study in which the originating seismic event is extremely distant (> 10,000 km). The possibility of remotely triggered slope failures that generate sediment‐laden gravity flows should be considered in inferences of recurrence intervals of past great Cascadia earthquakes from turbidite sequences. Future similar studies may provide new understanding of submarine slope failures and turbidity currents and the hazards they pose to seafloor infrastructure and tsunami generation in regions both with and without local earthquakes.
Constraints on melt content of off‐axis magma lenses at the East Pacific Rise from analysis of 3‐D seismic amplitude variation with angle of incidence
Authors: Aghaei Omid , Nedimović Mladen R. , Marjanović Milena , Carbotte Suzanne M. , Pablo Canales J. , Carton Hélène , Nikić Nikola
Published: May 2017

We use 3‐D multichannel seismic data to form partial angle P wave stacks and apply amplitude variation with angle (AVA) crossplotting to assess melt content and melt distribution within two large midcrustal off‐axis magma lenses (OAMLs) found along the East Pacific Rise from 9°37.5′N to 9°57′N. The signal envelope of the partial angle stacks suggests that both OAMLs are partially molten with higher average melt content and more uniform melt distribution in the southern OAML than in the northern OAML. For AVA crossplotting, the OAMLs are subdivided into seven ~1 km2 analysis windows. The AVA crossplotting results indicate that the OAMLs contain a smaller amount of melt than the axial magma lens (AML). For both OAMLs, a higher melt fraction is detected within analysis windows located close to the ridge axis than within the most distant windows. The highest average melt concentration is interpreted for the central sections of the OAMLs. The overall low OAML melt content could be indicative of melt lost due to recent off‐axis eruptions, drainage to the AML, or limited mantle melt supply. Based on the results of this and earlier bathymetric, morphological, geochemical, and geophysical investigations, we propose that the melt‐poor OAML state is largely the result of limited melt supply from the underlying mantle source reservoir with smaller contribution attributed to melt leakage to the AML. We hypothesize that the investigated OAMLs have a longer period of melt replenishment, lower eruption recurrence rates, and lower eruption volumes than the AML, though some could be single intrusion events.
Induced heterogeneity of soil water content and chemical properties by treated wastewater irrigation and its reclamation by freshwater irrigation
Authors: Rahav Matan , Brindt Naaran , Yermiyahu Uri , Wallach Rony
Published: May 2017

The recognition of treated wastewater (TWW) as an alternative water resource is expanding in areas with a shortage of freshwater (FW) resources. Today, most orchards in Israel are irrigated with TWW. While the benefits of using TWW for irrigation are apparent, evidence of its negative effects on soil, trees, and yield is accumulating. This study, performed in a commercial TWW‐irrigated citrus orchard in central Israel, examined the effects of (1) soil‐wettability decrease due to prolonged TWW irrigation on the spatial and temporal distribution of water content and associated chemical properties in the root zone; (2) the conversion of irrigation in half of the TWW‐irrigated research plot to FW (2012) for soil reclamation. Electrical resistivity tomography surveys in the substantially water repellent soils revealed that water flow is occurring along preferential flow paths in both plots, leaving behind a considerably nonuniform water‐content distribution. This was despite the gradual relief in soil water repellency measured in the FW plots. Four soil‐sampling campaigns (spring and fall, 2014–2016), performed in 0–20 and 20–40 cm layers of the research plot, revealed bimodal gravimetrically measured water‐content distribution. The preferential flow led to uneven chemical‐property distribution, with substantially high concentrations in the dry spots, and lower concentrations in the wet spots along the preferential flow paths. The average salt and nutrient concentrations, which were initially high in both plots, gradually dispersed with time, as concentrations in the FW plots decreased. Nevertheless, the efficiency of reclaiming TWW soil by FW irrigation appears low.
Short‐term variations of Icelandic ice cap mass inferred from cGPS coordinate time series
Authors: Compton Kathleen , Bennett Richard A. , Hreinsdóttir Sigrún , van Dam Tonie , Bordoni Andrea , Barletta Valentina , Spada Giorgio
Published: May 2017

As the global climate changes, understanding short‐term variations in water storage is increasingly important. Continuously operating Global Positioning System (cGPS) stations in Iceland record annual periodic motion—the elastic response to winter accumulation and spring melt seasons—with peak‐to‐peak vertical amplitudes over 20 mm for those sites in the Central Highlands. Here for the first time for Iceland, we demonstrate the utility of these cGPS‐measured displacements for estimating seasonal and shorter‐term ice cap mass changes. We calculate unit responses to each of the five largest ice caps in central Iceland at each of the 62 cGPS locations using an elastic half‐space model and estimate ice mass variations from the cGPS time series using a simple least squares inversion scheme. We utilize all three components of motion, taking advantage of the seasonal motion recorded in the horizontal. We remove secular velocities and accelerations and explore the impact that seasonal motions due to atmospheric, hydrologic, and nontidal ocean loading have on our inversion results. Our results match available summer and winter mass balance measurements well, and we reproduce the seasonal stake‐based observations of loading and melting within the 1
confidence bounds of the inversion. We identify nonperiodic ice mass changes associated with interannual variability in precipitation and other processes such as increased melting due to reduced ice surface albedo or decreased melting due to ice cap insulation in response to tephra deposition following volcanic eruptions, processes that are not resolved with once or twice‐yearly stake measurements.
On the dynamics of flow past a cylinder: Implications for CTD package motions and measurements
Authors: Munday D. R. , Meredith M. P.
Published: May 2017

During the collection of ship‐based observations, heaving of the vessel may lead to variation in the descent rate of a CTD package. This can result in the package being pulled upward through previously sampled water, leading to difficult to quantify errors due to the complex wake. To reduce this problem to one of manageable stature, we use the simple paradigm of two‐dimensional flow past a cylinder. By using a tracer with a gradient along the flow, we quantify the effect of the cylinder on its distribution and the impact of postprocessing. At high Reynolds numbers, over 200, uniform translation leads to a small error in the tracer value. This error is likely negligible at the much higher Reynolds number of the ocean. When the flow is oscillated longitudinally, there are two main sources of error; attached vortices may propagate around the cylinder and/or shed vortices may translate into the path of the cylinder. Postprocessing by removing records from previous pressure levels removes much of the first error, due to it occurring as the package ascends. However, the second source of error is more difficult to remove, due to it occurring when the package is once again descending. In general, results indicate that long‐period oscillations are preferable. While the magnitude of the errors are comparable to those from short‐period oscillations, they are spread farther apart in time and space and the overall effect is to localize the errors in small regions of the final depth profile.
Rapid shelf‐wide cooling response of a stratified coastal ocean to hurricanes
Authors: Seroka Greg , Miles Travis , Xu Yi , Kohut Josh , Schofield Oscar , Glenn Scott
Published: May 2017

Large uncertainty in the predicted intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) persists compared to the steadily improving skill in the predicted TC tracks. This intensity uncertainty has its most significant implications in the coastal zone, where TC impacts to populated shorelines are greatest. Recent studies have demonstrated that rapid ahead‐of‐eye‐center cooling of a stratified coastal ocean can have a significant impact on hurricane intensity forecasts. Using observation‐validated, high‐resolution ocean modeling, the stratified coastal ocean cooling processes observed in two U.S. Mid‐Atlantic hurricanes were investigated: Hurricane Irene (2011)—with an inshore Mid‐Atlantic Bight (MAB) track during the late summer stratified coastal ocean season—and Tropical Storm Barry (2007)—with an offshore track during early summer. For both storms, the critical ahead‐of‐eye‐center depth‐averaged force balance across the entire MAB shelf included an onshore wind stress balanced by an offshore pressure gradient. This resulted in onshore surface currents opposing offshore bottom currents that enhanced surface to bottom current shear and turbulent mixing across the thermocline, resulting in the rapid cooling of the surface layer ahead‐of‐eye‐center. Because the same baroclinic and mixing processes occurred for two storms on opposite ends of the track and seasonal stratification envelope, the response appears robust. It will be critical to forecast these processes and their implications for a wide range of future storms using realistic 3‐D coupled atmosphere‐ocean models to lower the uncertainty in predictions of TC intensities and impacts and enable coastal populations to better respond to increasing rapid intensification threats in an era of rising sea levels.
Land adjacency effects on MODIS Aqua top‐of‐atmosphere radiance in the shortwave infrared: Statistical assessment and correction
Authors: Feng Lian , Hu Chuanmin
Published: May 2017

Satellite measurements of coastal or inland waters near land/water interfaces suffer from land adjacency effects (LAEs), particularly in the short‐wave infrared (SWIR) wavelengths. Here a statistical method was developed to quantify the LAEs as the ratio of top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) total radiance (Lt, W m−2 µm−1 sr−1) between near‐shore pixels and LAE‐free offshore pixels (>12 pixels away from land). The calculations were conducted using MODIS Aqua images between 2003 and 2012 over the Madagascar Island, with results showing the dependency of LAEs on different environmental and observational factors. The LAEs decrease dramatically with increasing distance from shoreline, and increase with decreasing aerosol optical thickness at 869 nm (τ869). The nearby land surface albedo also plays a role in modulating the LAEs, but the impact is only prominent under low‐aerosol conditions. Based on these observations, a look‐up‐table (LUT) to formulate a correction scheme was established. Tests of the correction scheme using satellite observations over the Hawaii Islands and using in situ measurements in the Chesapeake Bay show significant improvements in Lt (LAEs much closer to 1 than uncorrected data) and retrieved surface chlorophyll‐a concentration (Chl‐a, mg m−3), respectively. Furthermore, the number of Chl‐a retrievals within the range of 0–64 mg m−3 also increases by >60%. While the ultimate solution of correcting the LAEs for coastal/inland water applications still requires further work, these preliminary results suggest that the method proposed here deserves further tests for other estuaries and lakes.
Cultural Interpretations of Global Information? Hindsight Bias after Reading Wikipedia Articles across Cultures
Authors: von der Beck Ina , Oeberst Aileen , Cress Ulrike , Nestler Steffen
Published: May 2017

Summary: Hindsight bias is the mistaken belief that an outcome could have been foreseen once it is known. But what happens after learning about an event? Can reading biased media amplify hindsight distortions? And do people from different cultural backgrounds — with different cognitive thinking styles — draw equal conclusions from equal media reports? We report two studies with Wikipedia articles and samples from different cultures (Study 1: Germany, Singapore, USA, Vietnam, Japan, Sweden, N = 446; Study 2: USA, Vietnam, N = 144). Participants read one of two article versions (foresight and hindsight) about the Fukushima Nuclear Plant and estimated the likelihood, inevitability, and foreseeability of the nuclear disaster. Reading the hindsight article increased individuals' hindsight bias independently of analytic or holistic thinking style. Having excluded survey language as potential impact factor (Study 2), this result remains. Our findings extend prior research on hindsight bias by demonstrating the amplifying effect of additional (biased) information on hindsight bias. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Designing Liquid Metal Interfaces to Enable Next Generation Flexible and Reconfigurable Electronics
Authors: Ilyas Nahid , Cook Alexander , Tabor Christopher E.
Published: May 2017

Gallium liquid metal alloys are room temperature fluidic conductors that are used to create a variety of paradigm shifting concepts in stretchable and reconfigurable electronics. A viscoelastic solid oxide skin encases the bulk liquid metal alloy which allows remarkably unprecedented 3D fluidic structures to be constructed. This oxide also has detrimental effects to fluidic behavior in microchannels because it adheres to the channel walls. The work mitigates these detrimental effects in flow behavior through surface modification of the gallium oxide with phosphonic acids to control interfacial chemistry. This results in no adhesion between the gallium surface oxide and the underlying substrates and no alloying with metal electrodes, two pervasive problems in the field. In addition to control over the flow properties of the metal alloy with the oxide intact, phosphonic acid modification allows tunability of the work function and surface oxide thickness.
Pulsed Hybrid Reactive Magnetron Sputtering for High zT Cu2Se Thermoelectric Films
Authors: Perez‐Taborda Jaime A. , Vera Liliana , Caballero‐Calero Olga , Lopez Elvis O. , Romero Juan J. , Stroppa Daniel G. , Briones Fernando , Martin‐Gonzalez Marisol
Published: May 2017

Thermoelectric films on flexible substrates are of interest for the integration of thermoelectric in wearable devices. In this work, copper selenide films are achieved by a novel low‐temperature technique, namely pulsed hybrid reactive magnetron sputtering (PHRMS). A brief introduction to the basic chemistry and physics involved during growth is included to explain its fundamentals. PHRMS is a single‐step, room temperature (RT), fabrication process carried out in another ways conventional vacuum sputtering system. It does not require high‐temperature post‐annealing to obtain films with great thermoelectric performance. It is, therefore, compatible with polymeric substrates like Kapton tape. Several sets of films covering a large exploratory compositional range (from Cu/Se = 1 to 9) are deposited and their microstructure and thermoelectric properties are analyzed at RT. Power factors as high as 1.1 mW m−1 K−2 in the in‐plane direction and thermal conductivities as low as κ = 0.8 ± 0.1 W m−1 K−1 in the out‐of‐plane direction have been obtained for β‐Cu2Se films. Consequently, a figure of merit of 0.4 at RT can be estimated under the assumption that for this polycrystalline cubic phase no additional anisotropy in the thermoelectric properties is introduced by the planar configuration. Moreover, PHRMS is also industrially scalable and compatible with the in‐line fabrication of other selenides.
Photonic Tuning of the Emission Color of Nanophosphor Films Processed at High Temperature
Authors: Geng Dongling , Lozano Gabriel , Calvo Mauricio E. , Núñez Nuria O. , Becerro Ana I. , Ocaña Manuel , Míguez Hernán
Published: May 2017

Photonics offers new possibilities to tailor the photoluminescence process in phosphor‐converted light emitting diodes. Herein, it is demonstrated that the emission color of thin layers of rare‐earth doped nanocrystals can be strongly modulated in tunable spectral ranges using optical resonators specifically designed to this end. GdVO4:Dy3+ nanoparticles of controlled size and shape are synthesized using a solvothermal method with which highly transparent nanophosphor thin films are prepared. This paper designs and fabricates optical multilayers, which are transparent in the UV and resonant at the frequencies where the Dy3+ ions emit, to prove that the color coordinates of this emitter can be tuned from green to blue or yellow with unprecedented precision. Key to the achievement herein reported is the careful analysis of the structural and optical properties of thin nanophosphor layers with the processing temperature in order to achieve efficient photoluminescence while preserving the transparency of the film. The results open a new path for fundamental and applied research in solid‐state lighting in which photonic nanostructures allow controlling the emission properties of state‐of‐the‐art materials without altering their structure or chemical composition.
Performance‐Enhancing Broadband and Flexible Photodetectors Based on Perovskite/ZnO‐Nanowire Hybrid Structures
Authors: Gao Ting , Zhang Qi , Chen Junnian , Xiong Xing , Zhai Tianyou
Published: May 2017

A hybrid approach by combining inorganic semiconductors with organolead halide perovskite may provide an alternative and competitive route to acquire light harvesting materials that are expected to have an improved photosensitivity and broader spectral response. Here, the first designed CH3NH3PbI3/ZnO photodetectors reveal a distinguished photoelectric performance (responsivity = 4.00 A W−1, external quantum efficiency = 1300% @380 nm) with fast response times and an available broadband region up to 760 nm as compared to the pure ZnO nanowire photodetectors. Moreover, such photodetectors demonstrate good flexibility and stability after extremely bending 200 cycles. Therefore, the excellent optoelectronic properties will make perovskite/inorganic materials promising building blocks for wider electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Desulfitative 6π Electrocyclization: Efficient Synthesis of Diverse 4‐Aminoquinolines
Authors: Shi Lou , Pan Ling , Li Yifei , Liu Qun
Published: May 2017

The C−C bond formation via C−S bond activation (disclosed in 2000) has received increasing attention. However, stoichiometric amounts of exogenous thiophilic reagents are generally required as thiolate scavengers. Herein, a new model for the synthesis of 4‐aminoquinolines, the copper(II)‐catalyzed aerobic oxidative desulfitative 6π cyclization of the readily available N‐arylimino ketene N,S‐acetals is described. The reaction can proceed efficiently under mild conditions without any exogeneous thiolate scavengers (due to the formation of disulfide as the by‐product) to afford diverse 4‐aminoquinolines, a privileged structure motif displaying antimalarial activity, with a wide range of functional groups at the C‐2 to C‐8 positions.

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