bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A facile one-step method to synthesize SiO2@polydopamine core–shell nanospheres for shear thickening fluid
Authors: Liu Mei , Jiang Wanquan , Chen Qian , Wang Sheng , Mao Ya , Gong Xinglong , Cham-Fai Leung Ken , Tian Jie , Wang Huijuan , Xuan Shouhu
Published: March 2016

An illustration of the synthesis of SiO2@PDA core/shell nanospheres, in which the coating on the surface of the SiO2nanospheres improves the rheological behavior of the resulting STFs.
Discovery of monocarbonyl curcumin hybrids as a novel class of human DNA ligase I inhibitors: in silico design, synthesis and biology
Authors: Mandalapu Dhanaraju , Singh Deependra Kumar , Gupta Sonal , Balaramnavar Vishal M. , Shafiq Mohammad , Banerjee Dibyendu , Sharma Vishnu Lal
Published: March 2016

A pharmacophore model identified a novel class of hLigI inhibitors to treat cancer. 36 compounds were synthesized and the identified inhibitor, compound23shown antiligase activity at IC5024.9 μM by abolishing the interaction between hLigI and DNA.
Surface modification of CdSeS nanocrystals for polymer hybrid solar cells
Authors: Erdogan A. , Karakaya C. , Gonce M. K. , Buyukcelebi S. , Yenel E. , Kara K. , Ozcivan A. N. , Can M. , Kus M. , Demic S.
Published: March 2016

We report synthesis of Fluorene–Carbazole derivatives as caping agent for CdSeS nanocrystals to improve the performance of polymer nanocrystal hybrid solar cells.
Metal–nitrogen (Co-g-C3N4) doping of surface-modified single-walled carbon nanohorns for use as an oxygen reduction electrocatalyst
Authors: Deng Li , Zhu Mingyuan
Published: March 2016

A cobalt-doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) polymer was supported on surface-modified single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) to produce a new Co-g-C3N4 catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
Effect of sequential hydrolysis with endo- and exo-peptidase on bitterness properties of wheat gluten hydrolysates
Authors: Liu Bo-Ye , Zhu Ke-Xue , Peng Wei , Guo Xiao-Na , Zhou Hui-Ming
Published: March 2016

After the bitterness of wheat gluten hydrolysates using single-enzyme treatment was assessed by taste dilution analysis, schemes of sequential hydrolysis with endo- and exo- peptidases were designed to prepare low-bitterness small-peptide powders.
Crystal structure and proton conductivity of BaSn0.6Sc0.4O3−δ: insights from neutron powder diffraction and solid-state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Kinyanjui Francis G. , Norberg Stefan T. , Knee Christopher S. , Ahmed Istaq , Hull Stephen , Buannic Lucienne , Hung Ivan , Gan Zhehong , Blanc Frédéric , Grey Clare P. , Eriksson Sten G.
Published: March 2016

BaSn0.6Sc0.4O3−δ: location of the proton using neutrons with insights into its high conductivity and local environment using EIS and NMR.
Hierarchical NiO–In2O3 microflower (3D)/ nanorod (1D) hetero-architecture as a supercapattery electrode with excellent cyclic stability
Authors: Padmanathan N. , Shao Han , McNulty David , O'Dwyer Colm , Razeeb Kafil. M.
Published: March 2016

Simultaneous heterogeneous growth of one-dimensional nanorod supported three-dimensional microflower structures on nickel foam enhanced the non-capacitive faradaic energy storage performance due to the synergistic contribution from the hierarchical hybrid nanostructure.
Gelatin methacrylate/carboxybetaine methacrylate hydrogels with tunable crosslinking for controlled drug release
Authors: Lai T. C. , Yu J. , Tsai W. B.
Published: March 2016

In this work, methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) based hydrogels were fabricated with carboxybetaine methacrylate (CBMA) to manipulate the properties of the gelatin-based hydrogels, since CBMA is a much smaller compound compared to gelatin.
Identification of edible oils using terahertz spectroscopy combined with genetic algorithm and partial least squares discriminant analysis
Authors: Yin Ming , Tang Shoufeng , Tong Minming
Published: March 2016

In this work, we propose a method for distinction of edible oils by using a terahertz (THz) spectrum combined with chemometrics.
Metal-center exchange of tetrahedral cages: single crystal to single crystal and spin-crossover properties
Authors: Zhang Feng-Li , Chen Jia-Qian , Qin Long-Fang , Tian Lei , Li Zaijun , Ren Xuehong , Gu Zhi-Guo
Published: March 2016

Effective SCSC metal-center exchange was observed in a tetrahedral metal–organic cage, in which the metal centers can be induced to display spin crossover behaviors.
[18]Annulene put into a new perspective
Authors: Lungerich Dominik , Nizovtsev Alexey V. , Heinemann Frank W. , Hampel Frank , Meyer Karsten , Majetich George , Schleyer Paul v. R. , Jux Norbert
Published: March 2016

From a materials perspective, [18]annulene and its precursor reveal fascinating packing motifs in the solid state.
Study and application of noncatalyzed photoinduced conjugation of azides and cycloocta-1,2,3-selenadiazoles
Authors: Jedináková P. , Šebej P. , Slanina T. , Klán P. , Hlaváč J.
Published: March 2016

The non-catalyzed cycloaddition of eight structurally different azides with cyclooctyne generated in situ by the photolysis of cycloocta-1,2,3-selenadiazole gives 1,2,3-triazole derivatives as the main products.
Correction: Copper-catalyzed, hypervalent iodine mediated CC bond activation of enaminones for the synthesis of α-keto amides
Authors: Wan Jie-Ping , Lin Yunfang , Cao Xiaoji , Liu Yunyun , Wei Li
Published: March 2016

Correction for ‘Copper-catalyzed, hypervalent iodine mediated CC bond activation of enaminones for the synthesis of α-keto amides’ by Jie-Ping Wan et al., Chem. Commun., 2016, 52, 1270–1273.
A ZnTa2O6 photocatalyst synthesized via solid state reaction for conversion of CO2 into CO in water
Authors: Iguchi Shoji , Teramura Kentaro , Hosokawa Saburo , Tanaka Tsunehiro
Published: March 2016

The photocatalytic activity of ZnTa2O6 for the conversion of CO2 using H2O as a reductant was demonstrated. CO was produced as a reduction product of CO2 in the presence of a Ag cocatalyst, accompanied by a stoichiometric amount of O2 evolution.
Correction: Convenient C-alkylation of the [HCB11Cl11]− carborane anion
Authors: Ramírez-Contreras Rodrigo , Ozerov Oleg V.
Published: March 2016

Correction for ‘Convenient C-alkylation of the [HCB11Cl11]− carborane anion’ by Rodrigo Ramírez-Contreras and Oleg V. Ozerov, Dalton Trans., 2012, 41, 7842–7844.
Atomic simulation of helium trapping in displacement cascades
Authors: Hu Nengwen , Deng Huiqiu , Wang Canglong , Hu Wangyu
Published: March 2016

A molecular dynamics method is applied to simulate displacement cascades in He-doped α-Fe and attention is paid to the clustering of He-participating defect clusters to reveal the trapping behaviors of helium atoms in radiation processes.
Electrochemical immunosensors and their recent nanomaterial-based signal amplification strategies: a review
Authors: Lim Syazana Abdullah , Ahmed Minhaz Uddin
Published: March 2016

In recent years, tremendous advances have been made in biosensors based on nanoscale electrochemical immunosensors for use in the fields of agriculture, food safety, biomedicine, quality control, and environmental and industrial monitoring.
Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Bi25FeO40–Bi2WO6 heterostructures based on the rational design of the heterojunction interface
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zou Yue , Song Jian , Pan Cheng-Ling , Sheng Shao-Ding , Hou Chang-Min
Published: March 2016

Based on the rational design of heterojunction interface, a novel and efficient Bi25FeO40–Bi2WO6 heterostructure photocatalyst was successfully constructed by a facile hydrothermal process.
Deep eutectic solvent mediated synthesis of quinazolinones and dihydroquinazolinones: synthesis of natural products and drugs
Authors: Ghosh Suman Kr , Nagarajan Rajagopal
Published: March 2016

A mild and greener protocol was developed to synthesize substituted quinazolinones and dihydroquinazolinonesviadeep eutectic solvent mediated cyclization with aliphatic, aromatic, and heteroaromatic aldehydes in good to excellent yields.
Protein separations via thermally responsive ionic block copolymer brush layers
Authors: Nagase Kenichi , Kobayashi Jun , Kikuchi Akihiko , Akiyama Yoshikatsu , Kanazawa Hideko , Okano Teruo
Published: March 2016

Thermoresponsive materials were prepared via multi-step surface-initiated ATRP. Because of the hydrophobic/hydrophilic transitions in the materials, proteins are adsorbed and eluted by simply changing the column temperature.
An investigation of surface properties, local elastic modulus and interaction with simulated pulmonary surfactant of surface modified inhalable voriconazole dry powders using atomic force microscopy
Authors: Arora Sumit , Kappl Michael , Haghi Mehra , Young Paul M. , Traini Daniela , Jain Sanyog
Published: March 2016

l-Leucine modified voriconazole spray dried micropartcles.
Designing a single superabsorbent for separating oil from both layered as well as micron/submicron size emulsified oil/water mixtures by gamma radiation assisted grafting
Authors: Chowdhury Subhendu Ray , Jha Atanu , Manna Uttam , Sarma K. S. S.
Published: March 2016

A single superabsorbent for separating both layered and emulsified oil/water mixtures designed by gamma radiation assisted grafting in aqueous ethanol solution.
An aggregation-induced emission-based pH-sensitive fluorescent probe for intracellular acidity sensing
Authors: Lin Na , Chen Xiaohong , Yan Shuanghong , Wang Han , Lu Zhixiang , Xia Xin , Liang Mengyu , Wu Yun-Long , Zheng Liyan , Cao Qiue , Ding Zhongtao
Published: March 2016

An aggregation-induced emission based dual emission pH-sensitive fluorescent probe has been developed and applied for fluorescent visualization of intracellular acidity.
Influence of over-discharge on the lifetime and performance of LiFePO4/graphite batteries
Authors: Zheng Yong , Qian Kun , Luo Dan , Li Yiyang , Lu Qingwen , Li Baohua , He Yan-Bing , Wang Xindong , Li Jianling , Kang Feiyu
Published: March 2016

In this study, the degradation of a LiFePO4/graphite battery under an over-discharge process and its effect on further cycling stability are investigated.
Multifunctional zinc oxide thin films for high-performance UV photodetectors and nitrogen dioxide gas sensors
Authors: Shaikh S. K. , Ganbavle V. V. , Inamdar S. I. , Rajpure K. Y.
Published: March 2016

Multifunctional use of ZnO thin film as NO2 gas sensor and UV photodetector.
Ni-doped rutile TiO2nanoflowers: low-temperature solution synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic efficiency
Authors: Lai Lu-Lu , Wen Wei , Wu Jin-Ming
Published: March 2016

A facile solution approach was developed to synthesize micrometre-sized aggregates of Ni-doped TiO2nanoflowers, which exhibited a rate constant four times that of commercial Degussa P25 TiO2nanoparticles under the UV + Vis illumination.
Three-dimensional, highly porous N-doped carbon foam as microorganism propitious, efficient anode for high performance microbial fuel cell
Authors: Han Thi Hiep , Sawant Sandesh Y. , Hwang Sun-Jin , Cho Moo Hwan
Published: March 2016

Microbial fuel cell based on as-prepared N-doped carbon foam produced 2 times higher power density than the commercial graphite felt.
A promising anode material for sodium-ion battery with high capacity and high diffusion ability: graphyne and graphdiyne
Authors: Xu Zhenming , Lv Xiaojun , Li Jie , Chen Jiangan , Liu Qingsheng
Published: March 2016

First-principles calculations indicate that a novel atomic hollow structure of graphyne and graphdiyne made up of sp- and sp2-hybridized carbon atoms reinforces not only the Na storage capacity but also the Na diffusion.
A selective fluorescent probe based on bis-Schiff base for “turn-on” detection of Al3+and cysteine by different mechanisms
Authors: Li Yang , Liao Caiyun , Huang Shanshan , Xu Hui , Zheng Baozhan , Du Juan , Xiao Dan
Published: March 2016

A novel fluorescent sensorLbased on phenolphthalein derivative bis-Schiff base for “turn-on” detection of Al3+and cysteine on different mechanisms.
AIE active triphenylamine–benzothiazole based motifs: ESIPT or ICT emission
Authors: Padalkar Vikas S. , Sakamaki Daisuke , Kuwada Kenji , Tohnai Norimitsu , Akutagawa Tomoyuki , Sakai Ken-ichi , Seki Shu
Published: March 2016

AIE active triphenylamine–HBT chromophores were synthesized via Suzuki coupling reaction and their emission properties due to ESIPT or ICT phenomena were investigated.
Doping Eu3+/Sm3+ into CaWO4:Tm3+, Dy3+ phosphors and their luminescence properties, tunable color and energy transfer
Authors: Xie Wei , Liu Guixia , Dong Xiangting , Wang Jinxian , Yu Wensheng
Published: March 2016

Eu3+ and Sm3+ co-doped CaWO4:Tm3+, Dy3+ phosphors were prepared by a hydrothermal method. Under different UV radiations, the tunable color and warm-white-light emissions are realized.
Enhanced electrochemical performance by a three-dimensional interconnected porous nitrogen-doped graphene/carbonized polypyrrole composite for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Zhang Fei-Fei , Wang Chun-Li , Huang Gang , Yin Dong-Ming , Wang Li-Min
Published: March 2016

3D interconnected porous nitrogen-doped graphene/carbonized polypyrrole nanotubes are employed as sulfur hosts, they exhibit excellent electrochemical performance for lithium–sulfur batteries.
An organic terpyridyl-iron polymer based memristor for synaptic plasticity and learning behavior simulation
Authors: Yang Xi , Wang Cheng , Shang Jie , Zhang Chaochao , Tan Hongwei , Yi Xiaohui , Pan Liang , Zhang Wenbin , Fan Fei , Liu Yaqing , Chen Yu , Liu Gang , Li Run-Wei
Published: March 2016

Conductance of the viologen/terpyridyl-iron polymer bilayer structure has been effectively modulated by an electrochemical redox reaction for synaptic emulation.
An adsorption–reduction synergistic effect of mesoporous Fe/SiO2–NH2 hollow spheres for the removal of Cr(vi) ions
Authors: Yao Honglin , Ding Qianqian , Zhou Hongjian , Zhao Zhenfu , Liu Gang , Wang Guozhong
Published: March 2016

Mesoporous Fe/SiO2–NH2 hollow spheres were successfully prepared as a magnetic absorbent for the highly effective removal of Cr(vi) ions through an adsorption–reduction synergistic effect.
SFX as a low-cost ‘Spiro’ hole-transport material for efficient perovskite solar cells
Authors: Maciejczyk Michal , Ivaturi Aruna , Robertson Neil
Published: March 2016

Four spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene] (SFX) derivatives, SFX-TAD, SFX-TCz, SFX-TPTZ and SFX-MeOTAD have been synthesized for use as hole-transport materials and fully characterized by 1H/13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, XRD and DSC.
Fabrication of {010} facet dominant BiTaO4 single-crystal nanoplates for efficient photocatalytic performance
Authors: Hu Yidong , Chen Gang , Li Chunmei , Zhou Yansong , Sun Jingxue , Hao Sue , Han Zhonghui
Published: March 2016

We prepared {010} facet dominant BiTaO4 single-crystal nanoplates, which can both split water into H2 and decompose organic dyes into non-toxic small molecules.
Hybrid organic–inorganic solar cells based on bismuth iodide and 1,6-hexanediammonium dication
Authors: Fabian David M. , Ardo Shane
Published: March 2016

Heavy metal toxicity and device instability are prominent limitations in the push for commercialization of photovoltaics based on low-cost, solution-processed materials. Therefore, in this study a hybrid organic–inorganic material containing trivalent bismuth and dicationic 1,6-hexanediammonium was used as the photoactive layer in solution-processed photovoltaics.
Facile synthesis of a Co3V2O8interconnected hollow microsphere anode with superior high-rate capability for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Luo Yanzhu , Xu Xu , Tian Xiaocong , Wei Qiulong , Yan Mengyu , Zhao Kangning , Xu Xiaoming , Mai Liqiang
Published: March 2016

Co3V2O8interconnected hollow microspheres exhibit a remarkable rate capability and cycling performance as a promising anode material for Li-ion batteries.
Dynamic hybrid‐access control in multi‐user and multi‐femtocell networks via Stackelberg game competition
Authors: Liu Chengyi , Xing Song , Shen Lianfeng
Published: March 2016

In this study, the hybrid‐access problem in multi‐femtocell networks, where multiple femtocell registered users (FRUs) and unregistered users (FURUs) coexist, is solved based on the optimal resource allocation using Stackelberg game. The main idea of the authors’ proposed scheme is to have the femtocell base station (FBS) allocating resources to FRUs freely to guarantee their quality of service (QoS), and then obtaining the compensation for offering the hybrid‐access through selling the remaining resources to FURUs with high motivation. Based on the Stackelberg game involving the non‐cooperative competition among the FBS and multiple FURUs, a dynamic hybrid‐access control scheme is proposed and analysed for single‐femtocell access. Then a dynamic multi‐round hybrid‐access scheme (DMRHAS) with post‐DMRHAS is further designed for multi‐femtocell hybrid‐access. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes have the FBS not only protect FRUs' QoS, but also dynamically determine the list of accessible FURUs according to the channel power gains of FURUs and the change of FRUs' QoS demands, through pricing the FURUs.
Grey prediction control and extension assessment for turbine governing system
Authors: Wang Mingdong , Zhang Yunpeng , Ji Tian , Wang Xueke
Published: March 2016

The authors present a control method for generator speed control system based on the grey prediction theory, to solve the stability problem of power system in various perturbations. The results of the simulation indicate that with grey prediction control, the control system behaves less adjusting time and less overshoot. That is, grey prediction control is superior. Besides, the authors establish a control system performance index evaluation system to analyse the performance of grey prediction controller quantitatively. The extension evaluation method is employed to evaluate grey prediction control contrasted to conventional control, and the result shows that the control effect of former is better than the latter, which confirmed the validity of grey prediction method for turbine speed control system.
Measurement of inkjet first-drop behavior using a high-speed camera
Authors: Kwon Kye-Si , Kim Hyung-Seok , Choi Moohyun
Published: March 2016

Drop-on-demand inkjet printing has been used as a manufacturing tool for printed electronics, and it has several advantages since a droplet of an exact amount can be deposited on an exact location. Such technology requires positioning the inkjet head on the printing location without jetting, so a jetting pause (non-jetting) idle time is required. Nevertheless, the behavior of the first few drops after the non-jetting pause time is well known to be possibly different from that which occurs in the steady state. The abnormal behavior of the first few drops may result in serious problems regarding printing quality. Therefore, a proper evaluation of a first-droplet failure has become important for the inkjet industry. To this end, in this study, we propose the use of a high-speed camera to evaluate first-drop dissimilarity. For this purpose, the image acquisition frame rate was determined to be an integer multiple of the jetting frequency, and in this manner, we can directly compare the droplet locations of each drop in order to characterize the first-drop behavior. Finally, we evaluate the effect of a sub-driving voltage during the non-jetting pause time to effectively suppress the first-drop dissimilarity.
Consistent flamelet modeling of differential molecular diffusion for turbulent non-premixed flames
Authors: Wang Haifeng
Published: March 2016

Treating differential molecular diffusion correctly and accurately remains as a great challenge to the modeling of turbulent non-premixed combustion. The aim of this paper is to develop consistent modeling strategies for differential molecular diffusion in flamelet models. Two types of differential molecular diffusion models are introduced, linear differential diffusion models and nonlinear differential diffusion models. A multi-component turbulent mixing layer problem is analyzed in detail to gain insights into differential molecular diffusion and its characteristics, particularly the dependence of differential molecular diffusion on the Reynolds number and the Lewis number. These characteristics are then used to validate the differential molecular diffusion models. Finally, the new models are applied to the modeling of a series of laboratory-scale turbulent non-premixed jet flames with different Reynolds number (Sandia Flames B, C, and D) to further assess the models’ performance.
Response to “Comment on ‘Surface waves on quantum plasma half-space with electron exchange-correlation effects’” [Phys. Plasmas 23, 034701 (2016)]
Authors: Khalilpour H.
Published: March 2016

The main differences between our work [H. Khalilpour, Phys. Plasmas 22, 122112 (2015)] and the work of Shahmansouri [Phys. Plasmas 22, 092106 (2015)] are summarized. Also, the validity of the pre-factor 1/9 in front of Bohm potential is discussed.
An explicit large time step particle-in-cell scheme for nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations in the electromagnetic regime
Authors: Kleiber R. , Hatzky R. , Könies A. , Mishchenko A. , Sonnendrücker E.
Published: March 2016

A new algorithm for electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations, the so called “pullback transformation scheme” proposed by Mishchenko et al. [Phys. Plasmas 21, 092110 (2014)] is motivated as an explicit time integrator reset after each full timestep and investigated in detail. Using a numerical dispersion relation valid in slab geometry, it is shown that the linear properties of the scheme are comparable to those of an implicit v∥-scheme. A nonlinear extension of the mixed variable formulation, derived consistently from a field Lagrangian, is proposed. The scheme shows excellent numerical properties with a low statistical noise level and a large time step especially for MHD modes. The example of a nonlinear slab tearing mode simulation is used to illustrate the properties of different formulations of the physical model equations.
Design and measurement of a TE13 input converter for high order mode gyrotron travelling wave amplifiers
Authors: Wang Yan , Liu Guo , Shu Guoxiang , Yan Ran , Wang Li , Agurgo Balfour E. , Fu Hao , Luo Yong , Wang Shafei
Published: March 2016

A technique to launch a circular TE13 mode to interact with the helical electron beam of a gyrotron travelling wave amplifier is proposed and verified by simulation and cold test in this paper. The high order (HOM) TE13 mode is excited by a broadband Y-type power divider with the aid of a cylindrical waveguide system. Using grooves and convex strips loaded at the lateral planes of the output cylindrical waveguide, the electric fields of the potential competing TE32 and TE71 modes are suppressed to allow the transmission of the dominant TE13 mode. The converter performance for different structural dimensions of grooves and convex strips is studied in detail and excellent results have been achieved. Simulation predicts that the average transmission is ∼−1.8 dB with a 3 dB bandwidth of 7.2 GHz (91.5–98.7 GHz) and port reflection is less than −15 dB. The conversion efficiency to the TE32 and TE71 modes are, respectively, under −15 dB and −24 dB in the operating frequency band. Such an HOM converter operating at W-band has been fabricated and cold tested with the radiation boundary. Measurement from the vector network analyzer cold test and microwave simulations show a good reflection performance for the converter.
Lattice dynamics and thermal conductivity of calcium fluoride via first-principles investigation
Authors: Qi Yuan-Yuan , Zhang Tian , Cheng Yan , Chen Xiang-Rong , Wei Dong-Qing , Cai Ling-Cang
Published: March 2016

The lattice thermal conductivity of CaF2 is accurately computed from a first-principles theoretical approach based on an iterative solution of the Boltzmann transport equation. The second- and third-order interatomic force constants are generated from a real-space finite-difference supercell approach. Then, the force constants for both the second- and third-order potential interactions are used to calculate the lattice thermal conductivity and related physical quantities of CaF2 at temperatures ranging from 30 K to 1500 K. The obtained lattice thermal conductivity 8.6 W/(m·K) for CaF2 at room temperature agrees better with the experimental value than other theoretical data, demonstrating the promise of this parameter-free approach in providing precise descriptions of the lattice thermal conductivity of materials. The obtained dielectric parameters and phonon spectrum of CaF2 accord well with available data. Meanwhile, the temperature dependence curves of the lattice thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and phonon mean free path are presented.
Transducer selection and application in magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction
Authors: Zhou Yuqi , Wang Jiawei , Sun Xiaodong , Ma Qingyu , Zhang Dong
Published: March 2016

As an acoustic receiver, transducer plays a vital role in signal acquisition and image reconstruction for magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction (MAT-MI). In order to optimize signal acquisition, the expressions of acoustic pressure detection and waveform collection are theoretically studied based on the radiation theory of acoustic dipole and the reception pattern of transducer. Pressure distributions are simulated for a cylindrical phantom model using a planar piston transducer with different radii and bandwidths. The proposed theory is also verified by the experimental measurements of acoustic waveform detection for an aluminum foil cylinder. It is proved that acoustic pressure with sharp and clear boundary peaks can be detected by the large-radius transducer with wide bandwidth, reflecting the differential of the induced Lorentz force accurately, which is helpful for precise conductivity reconstruction. To detect acoustic pressure with acceptable pressure amplitude, peak pressure ratio, amplitude ratio, and improved signal to noise ratio, the scanning radius of 5–10 times the radius of the object should be selected to improve the accuracy of image reconstruction. This study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for transducer selection and application in MAT-MI to obtain reconstructed images with improved resolution and definition.
Non-conductive ferromagnetic carbon-coated (Co, Ni) metal/polystyrene nanocomposites films
Authors: Takacs H. , Viala B. , Tortai J.-H. , Hermán V. , Duclairoir F.
Published: March 2016

This article reports non-conductive ferromagnetic properties of metal/polymer nanocomposite films intended to be used for RF applications. The nanocomposite arrangement is unique showing a core double-shell structure of metal-carbon-polystyrene: M/C//P1/P2, where M = Co, Ni is the core material, C = graphene or carbon is the first shell acting as a protective layer against oxidation, P1 = pyrene-terminated polystyrene is the second shell for electrical insulation, and P2 = polystyrene is a supporting matrix (// indicates actual grafting). The nanocomposite formulation is briefly described, and the film deposition by spin-coating is detailed. Original spin-curves are reported and analyzed. One key outcome is the achievement of uniform and cohesive films at the wafer scale. Structural properties of films are thoroughly detailed, and weight and volume fractions of M/C are considered. Then, a comprehensive overview of DC magnetic and electrical properties is reported. A discussion follows on the magnetic softness of the nanocomposites vs. that of a single particle (theoretical) and the raw powder (experimental). Finally, unprecedented achievement of high magnetization (∼0.6 T) and ultra-high resistivity (∼1010 μΩ cm) is shown. High magnetization comes from the preservation of the existing protective shell C, with no significant degradation on the particle net-moment, and high electrical insulation is ensured by adequate grafting of the secondary shell P1. To conclude, the metal/polymer nanocomposites are situated in the landscape of soft ferromagnetic materials for RF applications (i.e., inductors and antennas), by means of two phase-diagrams, where they play a crucial role.
Parameters study on the growth of GaAs nanowires on indium tin oxide by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Wu Dan , Tang Xiaohong , Wang Kai , Olivier Aurelien , Li Xianqiang
Published: March 2016

After successful demonstration of GaAs nanowire (NW) epitaxial growth on indium tin oxide (ITO) by metal organic chemical vapor deposition, we systematically investigate the effect of growth parameters' effect on the GaAs NW, including temperature, precursor molar flow rates, growth time, and Au catalyst size. 40 nm induced GaAs NWs are observed with zinc-blende structure. Based on vapor-liquid-solid mechanism, a kinetic model is used to deepen our understanding of the incorporation of growth species and the role of various growth parameters in tuning the GaAs NW growth rate. Thermally activated behavior has been investigated by variation of growth temperature. Activation energies of 40 nm Au catalyst induced NWs are calculated at different trimethylgallium (TMGa) molar flow rates about 65 kJ/mol. The GaAs NWs growth rates increase with TMGa molar flow rates whereas the growth rates are almost independent of growth time. Due to Gibbs-Thomson effect, the GaAs NW growth rates increase with Au nanoparticle size at different temperatures. Critical radius is calculated as 2.14 nm at the growth condition of 430 °C and 1.36 μmol/s TMGa flow rate. It is also proved experimentally that Au nanoparticle below the critical radius such as 2 nm cannot initiate the growth of NWs on ITO. This theoretical and experimental growth parameters investigation enables great controllability over GaAs NWs grown on transparent conductive substrate where the methodology can be expanded to other III–V material NWs and is critical for potential hybrid solar cell application.
Pickup ion processes associated with spacecraft thrusters: Implications for solar probe plus
Authors: Clemens Adam , Burgess David
Published: March 2016

Chemical thrusters are widely used in spacecraft for attitude control and orbital manoeuvres. They create an exhaust plume of neutral gas which produces ions via photoionization and charge exchange. Measurements of local plasma properties will be affected by perturbations caused by the coupling between the newborn ions and the plasma. A model of neutral expansion has been used in conjunction with a fully three-dimensional hybrid code to study the evolution and ionization over time of the neutral cloud produced by the firing of a mono-propellant hydrazine thruster as well as the interactions of the resulting ion cloud with the ambient solar wind. Results are presented which show that the plasma in the region near to the spacecraft will be perturbed for an extended period of time with the formation of an interaction region around the spacecraft, a moderate amplitude density bow wave bounding the interaction region and evidence of an instability at the forefront of the interaction region which causes clumps of ions to be ejected from the main ion cloud quasi-periodically.
Breaking symmetry in propagation of radially and azimuthally polarized high power laser pulses in underdense plasma
Authors: Pathak Naveen , Zhidkov Alexei , Nakanii Nobuhiko , Masuda Shinichi , Hosokai Tomonao , Kodama Ryosuke
Published: March 2016

Propagation of relativistically intense azimuthally or radially polarized laser pulses (RPP) is demonstrated, via 3D particle-in-cell simulations, to be unstable in uniform underdense plasma. Strong breaking of the pulse symmetry occurs for RPP with power exceeding the critical one for self-focusing in transversely uniform plasma with an increment, Γ, close to the well-known Rayleigh-Taylor-like instability depending on the acceleration, α, and the modulated density gradient length, L, as Γ≈(α/L)1/2. In deeper plasma channels, the instability vanishes. Electron self-injection in the pulse wake and resulting acceleration is explored.
A spatial light modulator that uses scattering in a cholesteric liquid crystal
Authors: Saito Mitsunori , Uemi Hiroto
Published: March 2016

When a cholesteric liquid crystal (helical pitch: 5 μm) was sandwiched between two glass plates with no alignment coating (gap: 20 μm), a random-domain texture appeared and a strong light scattering took place. This translucent texture turned to a transparent homeotropic phase when an electric voltage of 20 V was applied to the liquid crystal layer. This phase transition was used for constructing a spatial light modulator that needed no polarizers. Indium-tin-oxide electrodes (0.8 mm square) were arranged on a glass substrate to create a 20 × 20 pixel array (20 mm square). The liquid crystal was injected into a gap (20 μm thickness) between this substrate and another glass plate with a uniform electrode (ground). The transmittance of the pixels was originally below 10% and decreased to 0% by 7 V application because of increase in the scattering loss. As the voltage was raised, the transmittance increased gradually in the 7–17 V range and then rapidly in the 17–20 V range, attaining 40% at 27 V. Various transmittance distributions or gray-scale images were attainable by applying a suitable voltage (7–27 V) to each pixel. The transmission range of this spatial light modulator extended from ultraviolet (350 nm) to infrared wavelengths (>800 nm). Owing to this wide transmission range as well as capability of the polarizer-free operation, this spatial light modulator is useful to control a lamp spectrum in spectroscopic measurements.
Probing magnetic microstructures with quasi-ballistic Hall crosses
Authors: Fasbender S. , Schluck J. , Cerchez M. , Heinzel T. , Sievers S. , Pierz K. , Schumacher H. W.
Published: March 2016

Hall sensing is performed on a localized magnetic field pattern using a quasi-ballistic Hall cross device. The Hall resistance shows a pronounced peak as a function of the magnetic field amplitude which is absent in the magnetization hysteresis loop. This non-monotonic response exemplifies qualitatively the failure of conventional Hall sensing. It is demonstrated how, by using a numerical simulation based on the Landauer-Büttiker model, the amplitude of the magnetic field profile can be determined from such measurements.
Study of ice cluster impacts on amorphous silica using the ReaxFF reactive force field molecular dynamics simulation method
Authors: Rahnamoun A. , van Duin A. C. T.
Published: March 2016

We study the dynamics of the collisions between amorphous silica structures and amorphous and crystal ice clusters with impact velocities of 1 km/s, 4 km/s, and 7 km/s using the ReaxFF reactive molecular dynamics simulation method. The initial ice clusters consist of 150 water molecules for the amorphous ice cluster and 128 water molecules for the crystal ice cluster. The ice clusters are collided on the surface of amorphous fully oxidized and suboxide silica. These simulations show that at 1 km/s impact velocities, all the ice clusters accumulate on the surface and at 4 km/s and 7 km/s impact velocities, some of the ice cluster molecules bounce back from the surface. At 4 km/s and 7 km/s impact velocities, few of the water molecules dissociations are observed. The effect of the second ice cluster impacts on the surfaces which are fully covered with ice, on the mass loss/accumulation is studied. These studies show that at 1 km/s impacts, the entire ice cluster accumulates on the surface at both first and second ice impacts. At higher impact velocities, some ice molecules which after the first ice impacts have been attached to the surface will separate from the surface after the second ice impacts at 7 km/s impact velocity. For the 4 km/s ice cluster impact, ice accumulation is observed for the crystal ice cluster impacts and ice separation is observed for the amorphous ice impacts. Observing the temperatures of the ice clusters during the collisions indicates that the possibility of electron excitement at impact velocities less than 10 km/s is minimal and ReaxFF reactive molecular dynamics simulation can predict the chemistry of these hypervelocity impacts. However, at impact velocities close to 10 km/s the average temperature of the impacting ice clusters increase to about 2000 K, with individual molecules occasionally reaching temperatures of over 8000 K and thus it will be prudent to consider the concept of electron excitation at these higher impact velocities, which goes beyond the current ReaxFF ability.
Coherent-state overcompleteness, path integrals, and weak values
Authors: Parisio Fernando
Published: March 2016

In the Hilbert space of a quantum particle the standard coherent-state resolution of unity is written in terms of a phase-space integration of the outer product zz. Because no pair of coherent states is orthogonal, one can represent the closure relation in non-standard ways, in terms of a single phase-space integration of the “unlike” outer product z′z, z′≠z. We show that all known representations of this kind have a common ground and that our reasoning extends to spin coherent states. These unlike identities make it possible to write formal expressions for a phase-space path integral, where the role of the Hamiltonian H is played by a weak energy value Hweak. Therefore, in this context, we can speak of weak values without any mention to measurements. The quantity Hweak appears as the ruler of the phase-space dynamics in the semiclassical limit.
Multiferroic tunnel junction of Ni50.3Mn36.9Sb12.8/BiFeO3/Ni50.3Mn36.9Sb12.8 for magneto-electric random access memory devices
Authors: Barman Rahul , Kaur Davinder
Published: March 2016

A multiferroic tunnel junction composed of two ferromagnetic shape memory alloy electrodes separated by a multiferroic barrier was fabricated from a Ni50.3Mn36.9Sb12.8/BiFeO3/Ni50.3Mn36.9Sb12.8 trilayer. A large exchange bias field (HEB) of ∼59 Oe at room temperature was found for this trilayer. Besides the exchange bias effect in this multiferroic tunnel junction, one of the most interesting results was the magnetoelectric effect, which is manifested by the transfer of strain from the Ni50.3Mn36.9Sb12.8 electrodes to the BiFeO3 tunnel barrier. The magnetic field dependence of the junction resistance was observed at room temperature after aligning the ferroelectric polarization of the BiFeO3 barrier with the poling voltage of ±3 V. A change in junction resistance was also observed between the magnetic parallel and antiparallel states of the electrodes, suggesting an entire flip of the magnetic domains against the magnetic field. After reversing the polarization of the BiFeO3 barrier between the two directions, the entire R-H curve was shifted so that both parallel and antiparallel resistances switched to different values. Hence, after applying positive and negative voltages, two parallel and two antiparallel states, i.e., four distinct states were observed. These four states will encode quaternary information by both ferromagnetic and ferroelectric order-parameters, to read non-destructively by resistance measurement. These findings may be helpful towards reconfigurable logic spintronics architectures in next generation magneto-electric random access memory devices.
Droplet microfluidics for kinetic studies of viral fusion
Authors: Mashaghi Samaneh , van Oijen Antoine M.
Published: March 2016

Viral infections remain a major threat to public health. The speed with which viruses are evolving drug-resistant mutations necessitates the further development of antiviral therapies with a large emphasis on drug discovery. To facilitate these efforts, there is a need for robust, high-throughput assays that allow the screening of large libraries of compounds, while enabling access to detailed kinetic data on their antiviral activity. We report here the development of a droplet-based microfluidic platform to probe viral fusion, an early critical step in infection by membrane-enveloped viruses such as HIV, Hepatitis C, and influenza. Using influenza A, we demonstrate the measurement of the kinetics of fusion of virions with target liposomes with sub-second temporal resolution. In analogy with acidification of the endosome that triggers fusion in a cellular context, we acidify the content of aqueous droplets containing virions and liposomes in situ by introducing acid from the dispersed phase and visualize the kinetics of fusion by using fluorescent probes.
Visualization of trapped charges being ejected from organic thin-film transistor channels by Kelvin-probe force microscopy during gate voltage sweeps
Authors: Yamagishi Yuji , Kobayashi Kei , Noda Kei , Yamada Hirofumi
Published: March 2016

Kelvin-probe force microscopy (KFM) has been widely used to evaluate the localized charge trap states in the organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) channels. However, applicability of the KFM has been limited to the trapped charges whose lifetime is typically longer than several minutes because of the temporal resolution of the KFM. Therefore, it has not long been employed for studying the dynamics of the trapped charges in the OTFTs. Here, we demonstrate a method to visualize the transient distribution of the trapped charge carriers in operating OTFTs. The method allows visualizing the dynamics of the trapped charges during the gate voltage sweeps on a time scale of several hundreds of milliseconds. The experimental results performed on dinaphtho[2,3-b:2′,3′-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DNTT) OTFTs indicate that, immediately after a bias voltage applied to a device was turned off, the primary discharging of the channel region around the electrode edges started and it limited the ejection process of the remaining accumulated charges to the electrodes, resulting in an increased density of long-lived trapped charges in a region distant from the electrodes. The presented results suggest that the method is useful to study the electrical connections at the interface between the DNTT grains and electrodes, or those between the grains.
Numerical solution of Williamson fluid flow past a stretching cylinder and heat transfer with variable thermal conductivity and heat generation/absorption
Authors: Malik M. Y. , Bibi M. , Khan Farzana , Salahuddin T.
Published: March 2016

In this article, Williamson fluid flow and heat transfer over a stretching cylinder is discussed. The thermal conductivity is assumed to be vary linearly with temperature. Heat generation/absorption effects are also taken into account. Modeled partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential form by using appropriate transformations. Shooting method in conjunction with Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method is used to find the solution of the problem. Moreover, the effects of different flow parameters γ, λ, ϵ, β and Pr on velocity and temperature profiles are shown graphically. Local Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient are shown in tabular and graphical form.
Crosstalk between the lipopolysaccharide and phospholipid pathways during outer membrane biogenesis in
Escherichia coli
Authors: Emiola Akintunde , Andrews Steven S. , Heller Carolin , George John
Published: March 2016

Significance

This work examines the relationship between bacterial phospholipid biosynthesis and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) regulation. Because LPS is a potent endotoxin in addition to being essential for the survival of gram-negative bacteria, our experimental findings are of importance to the fields of microbiology, immunology, and drug design. In addition, the computational aspect of this work represents an in-depth kinetic model comprising 81 chemical reactions; hence, computational and systems biologists would find our work useful. Furthermore, recent interests in the field of biofuel production by bacteria also imply that our study can help elucidate mechanisms for increased saturated or unsaturated fatty acids synthesis. Consequently, our work appeals to a broad range of disciplines.
A short-term zinc-deficient diet decreases bone formation through down-regulated BMP2 in rat bone
Authors: Suzuki Takako , Katsumata Shin-ichi , Matsuzaki Hiroshi , Suzuki Kazuharu
Published: March 2016

We investigated the effects of a short-term dietary zinc deficiency on bone metabolism. Zinc deficiency increased the mRNA expression of zinc uptake transporters such as Zip1, Zip13, and Zip14 in bone. However, zinc deficiency might not maintain zinc storage in bone, resulting in a decrease in bone formation through downregulation of the expression levels of osteoblastogenesis-related genes.
Party Capability and the US Courts of Appeals
Authors: Szmer John , Songer Donald R. , Bowie Jennifer
Published: March 2016

While many studies have examined party capability theory, few have empirically examined the potential causal mechanisms underlying the theory. We do this by combining quantitative analyses with qualitative data drawn from interviews with over 60 US courts of appeals judges. We find that the “haves,” or repeat players, hire better lawyers and that these lawyers independently contribute to the success of the repeat players. We also find that the advantages of the haves extend to all parties, though to a lesser extent than the advantages enjoyed by the US government. These results remain robust after controlling for ideology.
Gap phenomena and curvature estimates for conformally compact Einstein manifolds
Authors: Li Gang , Qing Jie , Shi Yuguang
Published: March 2016

In this paper we obtain first a gap theorem for a class of conformally compact Einstein manifolds with a renormalized volume that is close to its maximum value. We also use a blow-up method to derive curvature estimates for conformally compact Einstein manifolds with large renormalized volume. The major part of this paper is the study of how a property of the conformal infinity influences the geometry of the interior of a conformally compact Einstein manifold. Specifically we are interested in conformally compact Einstein manifolds with conformal infinity whose Yamabe invariant is close to that of the round sphere. Based on the approach initiated by Dutta and Javaheri we present a complete proof of the relative volume inequality
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