bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing dynamic risk factors in institutional settings using STABLE-2007
Authors: Fernandez Yolanda
Published: December 2021

Assessing dynamic risk factors for persons who reside in an institution can be a challenge. Conceptualizing and scoring dynamic risk factors is more difficult when environments are restricted and opportunities for those being assessed to demonstrate changes in behaviour may be few and far between. Additionally, because dynamic risk measures rely partly on file information scoring is dependent on the training and backgrounds of the people who record information and their personal decisions as to what they consider important enough to include in records. This may mean that scoring under research conditions based only on file review does not reflect the reliability of the measure under clinical conditions. Despite these challenges the present paper argues that there is sufficient evidence to support the use of STABLE-2007 as a reliable and valid measure of dynamic risk factors in institutional settings under both clinical and research conditions. Tips are provided on how to conceptualize institutional behaviours in a manner relevant to dynamic risk factors and how to weigh historical versus more recent information. Finally, recommendations are made for implementing a thoughtful system of checks and balances relevant to the assessment process in institutional settings.
A identidade do performer musical: marcas e possibilidades de desclassificação
Authors: Bragagnolo Bibiana
Published: December 2021

A performance musical aparece como um âmbito bastante classificado - dentro da concepção do termo cunhada por Gutiérrez (2007) - e, por consequência, colonizado, o que acaba por refletir na própria identidade do performer musical e em suas práticas artísticas. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar tal identidade para, a partir desta compreensão, estabelecer algumas possíveis rotas de fuga em direção a práticas musicais mais plurais. A metodologia deste trabalho consiste em inicialmente analisar a identidade performática sob a luz dos conceitos de desclassificação, classificação e identidade de Gutiérrez (2007, 2009, 2020), em diálogo com a literatura específica da área musical. A escolha deste referencial em específico se deve ao seu potencial em abrir para aquilo que se entende como o pluralismo lógico e que se estabelece na contramão do consenso e do conhecimento hegemônico. Ademais, este arcabouço teórico foi anteriormente aplicado de maneira eficiente no âmbito musical do jazz por Mendes (2016), contribuindo de maneira significativa para as reflexões na área. A partir desta proposição de análise, observação e identificação das marcas identitárias e territoriais que configuram o performer musical, são apresentadas duas estratégias de desclassificação: o uso do oxímoro e da polissemia. Tal processo desclassificatório é, sobretudo, um processo emancipatório e decolonial, e que tem o intuito de criar possibilidade para práticas musicais plurais e não hegemônicas, nas quais as narrativas artísticas ausentes possam emergir. Por fim, a aplicação prática destas estratégias é exemplificada através da descrição de um projeto de pesquisa artística em andamento intitulado “Aos olhos da areia”.
Teatralidade, Artaud e subjetividade: uma proposta de análise para a teatralidade na vida tal como ela é
Authors: Baldin Talita , Vidal Paulo Eduardo Viana , Ravizzini Simone
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho é fruto da experiência de seus autores com a clínica psicanalítica e o teatro. Como objetivo visamos articular o conceito de teatralidade (Josette Féral) com o teatro da crueldade de Antonin Artaud para, em seguida, desenvolver uma análise acerca da teatralidade vivida na dimensão da vida no sujeito do cotidiano. A crítica de Artaud aos modos de se fazer teatro em sua época nos faz questionar sobre qual é a arte ou o fazer artístico que nos interessa e como ele se apresenta em nosso dia a dia, abordando casos conhecidos pelo grande público: Coringa, do filme Joker (2019), e dois casos reais, de Sandro, do ônibus 174 em 2002, e de William, que parou a ponte Rio-Niterói em 2019. Com suas histórias resgatamos a recepção pela escuta – que vai muito além de ouvir – como ferramenta imprescindível para alguém se fazer sujeito e concluímos que a teatralidade pode ser uma saída encontrada na vida tal como ela é, por cidadãos comuns, para subverter o discurso do Outro, o qual nos arremessa no desafio de sobreviver às violências inerentes à vida suburbana, racismo, pobreza, violência física e dos discursos. Acreditamos que, talvez, ao transformar submissão em opressão essas personagens da vida real encontrem por ao menos um instante uma possibilidade de alterar suas histórias.
Modo de endereçamento e Jornal Nacional: o papel dos mediadores na edição do telejornal do dia da demissão de Sergio Moro
Authors: Negrini Michele , Cappelari Thuanny , Silva Daniel Batista de Jesus da
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre o papel dos mediadores do Jornal Nacional, com foco na edição do dia do pedido de demissão de Sergio Moro, 24 de abril de 2020. Entendemos por mediadores, a partir de Gomes (2007), todos os envolvidos no processo de produção e veiculação do conteúdo jornalístico, como apresentadores, repórteres, cinegrafistas e editores. O estudo foi realizado com o suporte do olhar teórico-metodológico de Modo de Endereçamento.
O espaço vivenciado e a paisagem de emoções na obra “A Arlesiana” de Vincent Van Gogh
Authors: Rodrigues Jean Carlos
Published: December 2021

O artigo tem como propósito apresentar os resultados de um estudo sobre vivências e paisagens elaborado a partir da obra “A Arlesiana”, de Vincent van Gogh. Este estudo trata tal representação como paisagem de emoção, que conforma a existência de Vincent van Gogh lhe atribuindo sentidos e significados a partir das experiências manifestadas em seu espaço vivenciado. Neste sentido, entendemos que as representações do espaço manifestadas nas pinturas de Vincent van Gogh se constituem como paisagens que, tomadas como formas simbólicas, conformam a vida do artista. Dessa forma, consideramos que o espaço simbólico atribui sentidos e significados à maneira como o espaço é vivenciado e representado pelos sujeitos.
Efek pemberian pakan berlebih berupa limbah sayuran pakcoy terhadap daya cerna, tingkat penurunan limbah, dan kandungan protein pada lalat tentara hitam (Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus))
Authors: Permana Agus Dana , Putra Ramadhani Eka , Soebakti Raeka Okata , Kinasih Ida
Published: December 2021

Salah satu bentuk pengendalian sampah organik yang sekarang aktif dikembangkan adalah proses biokonversi menggunakan larva lalat tentara hitam (Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus)). Salah satu tantangan dalam pengolahan limbah organik adalah mengolah limbah organik pada lokasi penampungan limbah dengan luas terbatas. Kondisi ini menyebabkan tingginya jumlah sampah yang harus dikonversi (dikonsumsi) oleh larva. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengamati kemampuan cerna dan kualitas larva yang diberi pakan berupa sayuran busuk dalam jumlah berlebih. Sampah limbah sayur pakcoy diberikan dengan jumlah 200, 300, 400, dan 500 mg/larva/hari dengan pengulangan 3 kali. Variabel yang diamati adalah laju pertumbuhan, jumlah sampah yang dapat direduksi (waste reduction index (WRI)), efisiensi pembentukan biomassa (efficiency of conversion of digested-feed [ECD]), produk yang dihasilkan (biomassa akhir), dan kandungan protein pada larva, pupa, dan dewasa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada berat biomassa yang dipanen seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah pakan yang diberikan (one-way ANOVA, P > 0,05). Peningkatan pemberian pakan secara signifikan menurunkan efisiensi proses penguraian dan proses perubahan limbah menjadi biomassa tubuh serangga (one-way ANOVA, P < 0,05). Penelitian ini menghasilkan dugaan bahwa batas atas kemampuan konsumsi larva adalah pada tingkat pemberian pakan sebesar 400 mg/larva/hari. Di sisi lain, peningkatan jumlah pakan yang diberikan meningkatkan kandungan protein kasar pada biomassa dari setiap tahapan perkembangan larva.
Influence of Rashba effect and Zeeman effect on properties of bound magnetopolaron in an anisotropic quantum dot
Authors: Hong Lan , Ge Jun , Shuang Shan , Liu Da-Quan ,   School of Physics and Electronic information, Hulunbuir University, Hulunbuir 021008, China
Published: December 2021

The influence of Rashba effect and Zeeman effect on the properties of bound magnetopolaron in an anisotropic quantum dot are studied with Pekar variational method. The expression of the ground state energy of the bound magnetopolaron is obtained through theoretical derivation. The relationship of the ground state energy of the polaron with the transverse effective confinement length, the longitudinal effective confinement length, the magnetic field cyclotron resonance frequency, and the Coulomb bound potential are discussed, respectively. Owing to the crystal structural inversion asymmetry and the time inversion asymmetry, the polaron energy experiences Rashba spin-orbit splitting and Zeeman splitting. Under the strong and weak magnetic field, we discuss the dominant position of Zeeman effect and Rashba effect, respectively. Owing to the presence of phonons and impurities, the polaron is more stable than the bare electron state.
Structure and stability of possible new L i-Y-H ternary hydrides
Authors: Li Huan , Ye Xiao-Qiu , Tang Jun , Ao Bing-Yun , Gao Tao ,   Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang  621907, China,   Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Published: December 2021

The research on the superconductivity of hydrogen-rich compounds has become a hot research topic in the field of high-temperature superconductors in recent years and yttrium hydride YH9+x has been experimentally confirmed to have high temperature superconductivity (near room temperature (Tc = 262 K)), following behind the research of H3S (Tc = 200 K) and LaH10 (Tc = 260 K). The theoretical study of binary hydrogen-rich systems is relatively mature, while the structural characteristics and superconductivity of ternary or quaternary hydrogen-rich compounds are still under exploration. In this paper, nLiH + YH3→LinYHn+3 (n = 1–3) is the synthesis way to explore the stable configuration of ternary hydride LinYHn+3 in a pressure range of 0–300 GPa. The crystal structure, electronic structure, thermodynamic and kinetic stability of LiYH4, Li2YH5 and Li3YH6 in the pressure range of 0–300 GPa are studied based on the structure prediction by particle swarm optimization algorithm and first-principles calculation. The CALYPSO method is used to search for 1–4 times molecular formula structures for Li-Y-H ternary systems with different stoichiometric ratios in the pressure range of 0–300 GPa in steps of 50 GPa. The results show that LiYH4-P4/nmm, Li2YH5-I4/mmm, and Li3YH6-P4/nmm can be respectively synthesized with a certain ratio between LiH and YH3 respectively in a pressure range of 169–221 GPa, 141–300 GPa and 166–300 GPa. The Li2YH5 has the lowest stable pressure and widest range which can be the possible choice in experiment. The results can provide the data support for the superconductivity research and experimental synthesis of hydrides in Li-Y-H ternary system.
Norsk Høifjeld [1911]
Authors: Caspari Theodor
Published: December 2021

This is the fourth edition of Norsk Høifjeld, published in Kristiania (Oslo) in 1911 with illustrations by A. Bloch, Th. Holmboe, Th. Kittelsen, Eiv. Nielsen, and Karl Uchermann.
Høifjeld og Fjeldfolk [1927]
Authors: Caspari Theodor
Published: December 2021

This collection, published in Oslo in 1927, includes the fifth edition of Norsk Høifjeld along with other related works by Theodor Caspari. It is richly illustrated, with Th. Kittelsen among the artists.
Sløyden i endring
Authors: Sandven Jostein
Published: December 2021

Denne artikkelen undersøker temaområder som karakteriserer den nordiske sløyden og avdekker ulike påvirkningsfaktorer som styrer fagområdets utvikling. Som empiri anvendes en kartlegging av 145 plenumsforedrag avholdt på NordFo konferanser i tidsrommet 1985–2020. Studien viser at noen tema er bundet til tid, andre kommer igjen etter å ha vært fraværende en stund, mens atter andre er uttrykk for en ny samfunnsutvikling. I løpet av de siste konferansene blir nye tema tydeligere. Disse kan si noe om forskningsinteressen og eventuelle endringer av den pedagogiske sløyden. Resultatene og analysen peker på at temaet, Sløydens økosofi, setter farge på de andre sløydpedagogiske temaene og kan på den måten gi retning til endring av skolefaget. Metoden som er benyttet er ”Tematisk analyse i sløyd”, en metode som er beslektet med ”Grounded Theory”.
Quantification of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic in dairy manure
Authors: Wang Yi , Pandey Pramod , Chiu Colleen , Jeannotte Richard , Kuppu Sundaram , Zhang Ruihong , Pereira Richard , Weimer Bart C. , Nitin Nitin , Aly Sharif S.
Published: December 2021

Background

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are considered to be emerging environmental contaminants of concern potentially posing risks to human and animal health, and this research studied the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in dairy manure.

Methods

This study is focused on investigating prevalence of ARGs in California dairy farm manure under current common different manure management. A total of 33 manure samples were collected from multiple manure treatment conditions: (1) flushed manure (FM), (2) fresh pile (FP), (3) compost pile (CP), (4) primary lagoon (PL), and (5) secondary lagoon (SL). After DNA extraction, all fecal samples were screened by PCR for the presence of eight ARGs: four sulfonamide ARGs (sulI, sulII, sulIII, sulA), two tetracycline ARGs (tetW, tetO), two macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) ARGs (ermB, ermF). Samples were also screened for two mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (intI1, tnpA), which are responsible for dissemination of ARGs. Quantitative PCR was then used to screen all samples for five ARGs (sulII, tetW, ermF, tnpA and intI1).

Results

Prevalence of genes varied among sample types, but all genes were detectable in different manure types. Results showed that liquid-solid separation, piling, and lagoon conditions had limited effects on reducing ARGs and MGEs, and the effect was only found significant on tetW (p = 0.01). Besides, network analysis indicated that sulII was associated with tnpA (p < 0.05), and Psychrobacter and Pseudomonas as opportunistic human pathogens, were potential ARG/MGE hosts (p < 0.05). This research indicated current different manure management practices in California dairy farms has limited effects on reducing ARGs and MGEs. Improvement of different manure management in dairy farms is thus important to mitigate dissemination of ARGs into the environment.
Rediscovery of Laura’s glassfrog Nymphargus laurae (Anura: Centrolenidae) with new data on its morphology, colouration, phylogenetic position and conservation in Ecuador
Authors: Sánchez-Carvajal María José , Reyes-Ortega Grace C. , Cisneros-Heredia Diego F. , Ortega-Andrade H. Mauricio
Published: December 2021

We report the rediscovery of Laura’s Glassfrog, Nymphargus laurae Cisneros-Heredia & McDiarmid, 2007, based on two specimens collected at the Colonso-Chalupas Biological Reserve, province of Napo, Ecuador. The species was described and known from a single male specimen collected in 1955 at Loreto, north-eastern Andean foothills of Ecuador. Limited information was available about the colouration, systematics, ecology, and biogeography of N. laurae. We provide new data on the external morphology, colouration, distribution and comment on its conservation status and extinction risk. We discuss the phylogenetic relationships of N. laurae, which forms a clade together with N. siren and N. humboldti. The importance of research in unexplored areas must be a national priority to document the biodiversity associated, especially in protected areas.
La necroeconomía de la generación de electricidad para la minería. El impacto comunitario del uso del petcoke en Tocopilla (Chile, 2000-2015)
Authors: Galaz-Mandakovic Fernández Damir
Published: December 2021

Desde una metodología historiográfica y una hermenéutica antropológica, en ese artículo se describe y analiza un proceso derivado de la gran minería del cobre y de la generación de energía eléctrica necesaria para desarrollarla en el primer lustro el siglo XXI. Dichos regímenes productivos, en el marco de la competitividad comercial, derivaron en una necroeconomía a través de la introducción del petcoke como combustible en las termoeléctricas. El petcoke estructuró una fuerte precarización socioambiental y forjó la producción de una subsidiariedad territorial y comunitaria; es decir, la población de Tocopilla tuvo que respirar, soportar y sufrir los efectos ambientales y corporales de las decisiones productivas, las cuales estaban amparadas por agentes del Estado subsumidos y la por debilidad en la regulación medioambiental. Hablar de necroeconomía es visibilizar una de las funciones adversas del capitalismo y sus agentes subalternos en la política, el cual produce una población superflua, la cual ya no es necesario “explotar” sino que gestionar: una manera de disponer de estos excedentes de población es exponerlos a todo tipo de peligros y riesgos. De esa manera, se jerarquiza la vulnerabilidad y la muerte y se construye la desechabilidad en algunos grupos sociales a través de violencia lenta o de estallidos densos sobre “subconjuntos” de humanidad clasificados en un nivel inferior. Así, los sujetos de derechos, devienen en sujetos de desechos, y también en sujetos de muerte. Es decir, personas que por factores economicistas ajenos, y de pronto invisibles, dejaron de ser parte del mundo social y fueron excluidos de las normas que velan por la protección vital.
“Borrarán los muros pero no la historia”: Relecturas e Intervenciones a los MHN de Santiago de Chile, estudio de caso en el marco del estallido social (Octubre-Diciembre 2019)
Authors: Martin Natalie , Tapia Jimena
Published: December 2021

En este artículo se analizan las intervenciones realizadas en diez Monumentos Históricos Nacionales (MHN) del casco fundacional de la ciudad de Santiago en el contexto del estallido social de octubre 2019. Para ello se hizo un registro fotográfico semana a semana hasta fin de año, con el objetivo de caracterizar las intervenciones en su dimensión material y espacial-contextual. Nuestra investigación parte de la premisa que los MHN son parte de un discurso oficial y representan valores que los consagran como patrimonio. Por lo tanto, las intervenciones dan cuenta de un uso y apropiación específica de este patrimonio y nos permite identificar significados y discursos subalternos, con nuevos agentes, memorias yrelatos. Las intervenciones de los MHN y sus Zonas Típicas están poniendo en entredicho las narrativas oficiales, normativas y hegemonizantes, posicionando a los Monumentos como espacios en disputa, donde se configura una nueva forma de entender el presente de los MHN y con ello, el futuro de la relación que establecen con quienes habitan Santiago.
Arterial Parameters in Type-2 Diabetes and Healthy Subjects by using Impedance Plethysmography: A Case-control Study
Authors: Kacha Yogesh Kishorbhai , Desai Chetankumar Bhalabhai , Mehta Hemant B , Shah Chinmay J
Published: December 2021

Introduction: A reduced blood supply to lower limb, due to arterial disease, is a common cause of foot ulceration in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Impedance Plethysmography (IPG) is based on the measurement of changes in the electrical resistance (impedance) caused by blood volume changes. Aim: To compare parameters of type-2 diabetic subjects with those of healthy subjects along with different age group and to associate with Blood Flow Index (BFI), Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Post-Prandial Blood Sugar (PP2BS) and Body Mass Index (BMI). Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted at Government Medical College and in UHTC, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India, from May 2012 to August 2013 on 100 healthy subjects and 100 type-2 diabetic subjects. IPG arterial parameters like BFI, Pulse Arrival Time (PAT), Pulse Termination Time (PTT), Differential Pulse Arrival Time (DPAT), Z0 (Basal impedance) recorded. The data were analysed by unpaired t-test and ANOVA test. Results: This study had 200 subjects of age more than 30 years. The diabetic subjects included 56 males and 44 females whereas the healthy subjects included 67 males and 33 females. There was bilateral significant reduction of BFI, PAT at knee, ankle and calf segment among diabetics group in males and females; and a bilateral significant reduction of PTT at ankle segment among diabetic males and females. DPAT value increased at knee, calf and ankle segment on both sides in male and female; except right ankle segment in diabetic group in females as compared to healthy subjects. Z0 increased at knee, ankle and calf segment in diabetic group on both side in males and females. BFI decreased with an increase in the duration of diabetes. The effect of FBS, PP2BS and BMI in diabetic subjects suggested a negative association with BFI. Conclusion: There was decrease in BFI, PAT, PTT and increase in DPAT in the knee, calf and ankle region of diabetic subjects. BFI negatively correlated with FBS, PP2BS and BMI among diabetics and decreased with increased duration of DM
Germination of Balsa Seedlings (Ochroma lagopus Swartz) under Different Sowing Media in East New Britain, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Malagat Boas , Iamba Kari
Published: December 2021

A good sowing media ensures better anchorage of plants, provides a reservoir of  nutrients and water, and enhance gaseous exchange with the atmosphere. Balsa (Ochroma lagopus Swartz); Vimmy variety, has proven its versatility in producing some of the best phenotypic characteristics such as higher jorquette height, less branching and high log volumes. This experiment was carried out using a combination of three different local materials; local garden soil, pumice soil and sawdust but in different combination ratios aimed to investigate the best combinations. Six treatments were tested: T1= Pure Garden soil, T2= Pumice, T3= Control (75% large coarse sawdust, 25% pure garden soil), T4= Pure Sawdust, T5= 50% medium coarse sawdust, 50% pure soil, and, T6= 33% medium coarse sawdust, 33% Pumice, 33% Pure garden Soil. The daily average germination count in Treatment 5 (50% medium coarse sawdust & 50% pure soil) produced constant germinations from day fifteen (15) to day twenty one (21). Treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 showed high variations in their daily average germination for the same period but did not produce a constant supply of germinations. Treatment 5 had the highest emergence rate index (ERI=71.76) followed by treatment 1 (ERI=66.59).  Treatment 4 had the third highest seedling emergence (ERI=63.74) followed by treatment 3 (ERI=59.37), treatment 6 (ERI=57.22) and treatment 2 (ERI=53.81) at the lowest continuum. Substrates containing 50% soil and 50% medium coarse sawdust are regarded as better sowing media for O. lagopus seedlings.
The Concentration Distance and the Average Kinetic Energy of a Diffusible Solute in its Medium
Authors: Abdullahi Mustapha Umar
Published: December 2021

Seven sets of diffusible samples were allowed to diffuse in their medium in order to observe how much meters of distance a given volume of sample will cover in its medium at particular condition. At the same time also to observe how much joules of average kinetic energy that given sample volume possess during the course of its traveling. After successful diffusion by using suitable apparatus, all data associated with this study was carefully observed repeatedly and recorded. In which, mean values were used. Series of findings were found including new equation Xc=   which can be used in determining this new initiative (concentration distance of a diffusible solute in its medium (Xc)).
A Narrative Review of Libidibia ferrea: Botanical Aspects, Ethnopharmacological Properties, Phytochemical Characteristics, Toxicity, and Experimental Tests
Authors: S. Almeida Nayanne C. O. da , C. Furtado Silvania da , Barcellos José F. M.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Jucá or pau-ferro (Libidibia ferrea) is an arboreal plant from the Fabaceae family. It is commonly used in traditional medicine in the treatment of various diseases, including inflammatory process.

Aims: The objective of this narrative review is to present botanical aspects, ethnopharmacological properties, phytochemical characteristics, toxicity highlighting, and experimental models with L. ferrea.

Results: Botanical Aspects: Jucá has several uses such as in landscaping (stem and canopy), in arborization of urban areas. Ethnopharmacological Properties: It is used in the treatment of various diseases such as diabetes, flu, asthma and, inflammatory processes of which different parts are used (root, stem bark, leaves, fruits, seeds). Phytochemical Characteristics: Phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and terpenoids are among the compounds monthly used. Toxicity: In vivo models have been used to verify toxicity and in most studies the plant presented no toxicity in its use. Experimental studies: Animals, such as mice, dogs, rats, etc. and different models of studies to analyze the action of the plant were used.

Conclusions: Such low toxicity, associated with its widespread use in folk medicine and its various effects demonstrated in the studies included in this Review have corroborated for the continuity of the research with L. ferrea. New studies, however, ought to follow methodological guidelines, such as the Animal Research: reporting in vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) so that, a methodological design secures more homogeneous studies capable of quantifying the actual size of the effect in the plant may have in clinical studies.
A Five-Year Review of Caesarean Section at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, South-South, Nigeria
Authors: Clement Wekere Felix Chikaike , Iwo-Amah Rose Sitonma , Kwosah Joseph Ngozi , Bademosi Adetomi , Amadi Simeon Chijioke
Published: December 2021

Background: Caesarean section (CS) is a major obstetric surgery done for pregnant women and is lifesaving. 

Aim: The study was aimed at reviewing CS at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), to determine the prevalence, trend and indications, for improved management outcomes.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we reviewed five thousand, five hundred and ninety-eight (5598) cases of caesarean sections (3699 emergency, 1899 planned) managed at the RSUTH from 1st January, 2015 to 31st December, 2019.  Data collected were analysed using IBM, Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS), version 25.0 Armonk, New York.

Results: There were 13,516 deliveries and 5,598 cases of CS over the review period, giving the prevalence of CS as 41.4% or 414 per 1000 deliveries.  Emergency and planned CS cases accounted for 66.1% and 33.9% respectively. An increasing trend of CS was observed over the review period. The mean age ± SD of the participants was 32.30±1.04 years (95% CI:30.26,34.34). Modal age group was 35-39 years, accounting for 33.2% followed by those aged 30-34 years (26.2%). Majority of the patients were multipara [3396 (60.7%)], married [4890 (87.4%)], Christians [5540 (99%)] and had tertiary level education [2800 (50%)]. The commonest indication for CS in RSUTH was previous caesarean section [1925(34%)], followed by cephalopelvic disproportion [757(13.4%)], foetal distress [418(7.4%)], preeclampsia [390(6.9%)] and multiple gestation [252 (4.5%)].

Conclusion: The rate of caesarean section is high in RSUTH with an increasing trend.  Although CS is lifesaving, efforts should be made to reduce the rate to the level recommended by WHO, especially in Low-middle-income countries (LMICs), where there is high aversion to CS.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Rural Population of Wardha District Regarding Oral Cancer- A Study Protocol
Authors: Dangore-Khasbage Suwarna
Published: December 2021

Background: Oral cancer is one of the easily diagnosed cancer as compared to the cancers of other parts of the body as the mouth is easily accessible for self or clinical examination. But, it is frequently diagnosed in advanced stage as the population lack the knowledge about the causes and signs & symptoms of oral cancer. Though many studies are there describing this issue, scanty literature is available relevant to knowledge, attitude and practice regarding oral cancer especially in rural areas which needs attention.

Aim: To assess knowledge, attitude and practice of rural population of Wardha district regarding Oral cancer.

Methodology: This questionnaire based prospective study will include 1000 subjects who will be able to read and understand the questionnaire. Self-administered questionnaire prepared in local language (Marathi / Hindi) of the rural population of Wardha district will be administered. Questionnaire will be comprised of two parts. First part request demographic information and the second section contain 18 questions regarding knowledge, attitude and practice regarding oral cancer. All the questionnaire responses will be recorded in tabular format and subjected to statistical analysis.

Expected Results: In rural area of Wardha District in the Indian state of Maharashtra, there may be majority of the people, still having minimal knowledge regarding oral cancer and its causes marking a high percentage when compared to the urban. Thus, this study will be an attempt to evaluate the awareness and access the knowledge of the rural public regarding oral cancer.

Conclusion: The knowledge about the risk factors, sign and symptoms of oral cancer amongst the rural population can be useful for the prevention and early diagnosis of oral cancer, and thus reducing the oral cancer burden of the society.
Pre-experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Warm Compress on Lumbar Region during First Stage of Labour among Primi Parturient Mothers in Labour Room of Selected Hospitals at Amravati
Authors: Sheelamma M. A. , Linson C. C.
Published: December 2021

The goal of this study was to determine the intensity of pain experienced by primiparturient women during the first stage of labour. To see how beneficial a warm compress is on the lumbar area. To see if there's a link between labour discomfort and certain demographic factors. At the 0.05 level of significance, the post-test pain score will be lower than the pre-test pain score. The research method chosen was quantitative, and the study design was pre-experimental, pre-test, and post-test. Purposive sampling was used to collect data from 60 primiparturient moms in the early stages of labour. The research was carried out at Amravati's Dayasagar Hospital. A pre-test was done using a numerical pain scale to determine pain levels among primiparturient moms who met the inclusion criteria. In the initial stage of labour, a warm compress on the lumbar area is applied for 15 minutes every half hour for four hours. The numerical pain scale is used to measure post-test pain levels. In the current study, 53.3 percent of primigravida moms in the control group reported moderate pain (scoring 4-6) and 46.6 percent had severe pain in post-test 1. (score 7-10). 36.6 percent had moderate pain (scoring 4-6) and 63.3 percent had severe pain (7-10) in post-test 2, while 13.3 percent had moderate pain (4-6) and 86.6 percent had severe pain in post-test 3. (score 7-10). In post-test 1, 70% of the experimental group experienced moderate pain (scoring 4-6) and 30% had severe pain (score 7-10). In post-test 2, 66.6 percent of participants reported moderate pain, while 33.3 percent reported severe pain. In post-test 3, 56.6 percent of participants reported moderate pain, while 43.3 percent reported severe pain. As a result, it may be stated that using a warm compress to relieve pain was successful.
Foreign Body Aspiration in Dentistry
Authors: Dixit Drishti , Reche Amit , Chabra Kumar Gaurav , Madhu Priyanka Paul , Raza Anura Saher
Published: December 2021

Background: The foreign body aspiration is very common while performing a dental procedure. Most of the patients are from lower age group as these group of people have high amount of sugar and starch containing diet which is not good for the oral health. But it is not limited to them and several aged patients are also victim of foreign body aspiration.

Summary: Foreign bodies can be anything from cloth dam, barrier techniques itself to broken tooth. Due to age related delayed gag reflex and impact of anesthesia can be possible reasons behind the foreign body aspiration. Pulmonary aspiration is a serious cause of concern and cannot be neglected. It can go unnoticed which can brought to cognizance after careful study and observation of the radiographs. Endoscopic procedures are used to locate and extract the foreign body from the lungs.

Conclusion: Proper guidelines regarding the extraction of foreign body extraction and identification must be followed as it is life threatening condition. Vulnerable age group must be treated with extra caution and every chance of mistake must be covered. Standard operating procedure must be strictly adhered to in order rot have maximum accuracy.
Expression of CD4, CD8 Biomarkers in Invasive Carcinoma of Breast with Clinicopathological Correlation
Authors: Divyapriya C. , Kannan Aarthi , Raghavan Vijayashree
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are widely considered a key sign of the immune interaction between host and tumor, and potentially prognostic biomarkers of good or bad outcome in various cancers, including invasive breast cancer (IBC).

Aim and Objectives: To correlate the expression of CD4, CD8 T-lymphocytes in invasive carcinoma breast with established markers of prognosis like tumour size, grade, lymph node status and molecular subtypes mainly ER, PR, Her 2Neu, Ki67 status, mainly the triple negative breast cancers(TNBC).

Methodology: 58 Invasive breast carcinoma proven tissue blocks were subjected to immunohistochemistry and morphometric analysis for positive CD4, CD8 T-lymphocytes were done.

Results:  Triple negative breast cancer subtype shows high TILs than other pathologic subtypes. Tumor interface CD8+ cells very well correlated with the pathological higher nodal stage. Majority CD4, CD8 positive cells were populated more towards the stromal and interface of the tumor microenvironment rather thatintratumoral.

Conclusion: CD4+ and CD8+ counts may be a valuable independent prognostic tool in predicting the outcome in invasive breast cancer.
ECAST Syndrome (Exercise Collapse Associated with Sickle Cell Trait): First Knock of Sickle Cell in a Young Bodybuilder
Authors: Mahajan Janhavi , Talwar Dhruv , Kumar Sunil , Acharya Sourya , Kakde Yogesh
Published: December 2021

ECAST Or exercise collapse associated with sickle cell trait is a rare phenomenon associated with sickle cell trait and is an important presentation of sickle cell disease in sports medicine. Collapse is seen following vigorous physical activity, which is due to excessive heat, dehydration and other factors associated with physical exercise. This rare syndrome is often missed by the treating physicians as a result of a lack of knowledge about this rare entity leading to massive underreporting. It is important to identify ECAST as a cause of the collapse in young athletes to prevent mortality and morbidity and in order to provide prompt treatment. We report a case of a 25- year-old young male who was a bodybuilder and reported to the gym after a one-year-long break due to lockdown restrictions of COVID19. After a vigorous exercise session, he collapsed in the gym and was brought to the emergency department. After proper history taking and examination, he was suspected to be a case of ECAST due to a history of a similar episode three years back which was treated as a case of exertional syncope with intravenous fluid therapy and a family history of Sickle cell trait with his mother and father both having sickle cell AS Pattern. Ultimately our patient turned out to be a case of Sickle Cell Trait with evidence of AS pattern on Hb electrophoresis and a small-sized spleen visualized on CT Scan of the abdomen. The patient was managed successfully with intravenous fluids and blood transfusion and was discharged in a stable condition. He was counseled about moderating his exercise and is doing well on follow-up.
A Study to Assess Effectiveness of Instructional Teaching Programme on Level of Knowledge and Practices of Prevention of Pneumonia among Mothers of under Five Children in Selected Villages, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Jegin P. , Subbulakshmi S. , Kumar M. Dinesh , Dayana J. , Elakiya E.
Published: December 2021

Back ground: An experimental study was conducted to assess the effects of instructional teaching programme (ITP) on knowledge and practices of mothers regarding prevention of pneumonia in children, Pooncherry, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.Objectives of the study were to assess the effectiveness of ITP on prevention of pneumonia on level of knowledge and practices among mothers of under five children.

Materials and Methods: Non probability purposive technique was adopted for this study. Samples who met inclusion criteria were participated in the study. Self-structured interview schedule for knowledge  and structured rating scale for practices were used to collect the data.

Results: The study results shows that in the pre test 15.13 % of the mothers had adequate knowledge, 24.34 % of the mothers were had moderately adequate knowledge and 60.53 % of the mothers had inadequate knowledge and  and in post test 63.17% of mothers were had adequate knowledge, 28.94% of the mothers had moderately adequate knowledge and very few (8.55% ) mothers had inadequate knowledge. Pre test practices score shows that 63.82 % of the mothers had less desirable practice, 22.37% of the mothers had moderate desirable practices and 13.81% were had highly desirable practices whereas in the post test 63.82% of them had highly desirable practice, 23.03% of them had moderate desirable practices and 13.16% of them had less desirable practices. The mean pretest knowledge score was 5.45 ± 1.47 and the mean posttest knowledge score was 8.49 ± 0.71 and the t value was 15.17, it shows that statistically there was an improvement in the post test knowledge score. The mean pretest practice score was 22.38 ± 2.76, the mean posttest practice score was 43.64 ±1.97 and the t value was 13.35, it shows that statistically there was a significant improvement in the post test practice score. The instructional teaching programme on prevention of pneumonia was statistically effective in promoting the knowledge and desirable practices among mothers.
Gestational Anaemia and its Associated Factors in Normal Pregnant Women
Authors: Khidri Feriha Fatima , Amjad Rubina , Naz Farah , Hussain Abid , Ali Faiza Kamran
Published: December 2021

Objectives: To determine the hemoglobin levels in normal pregnant women and investigate the association of anemia with gestational age, number of antenatal visits, obstetrical complications and mode of delivery.

Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the Lady Willingdon Hospital, Khairpur Mirs, Pakistan from May 2021 to August 2021. A total of 139 normal pregnant women were recruited during antenatal visits. Patients were grouped into normal and anemic groups based on serum hemoglobin levels. Gestational age, obstetrical complications, mode of delivery and fetal outcome were recorded to find its association with anemia. Data was analyzed on SPSS 20.0 and p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results: Out of n=139 normal pregnant women, n=26 women had normal hemoglobin levels, n=49 were mild anemic, n=46 had moderate anemia whereas n=18 had severe anemia. Overall, the prevalence of gestational anemia was 81%. There was significant association between hemoglobin status and number of antenatal visits and complications in previous pregnancies. Hemoglobin status was not significantly associated with gestational age and mode of delivery.

Conclusion: In conclusion, we found that gestational anemia is highly prevalent in Pakistan. Early detection of anemia and its correction via supplementations are recommended.
Assessment of the Level of Knowledge on Autism among the Mothers of Toddlers in Selected Village, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Nandhini M. , Manjula T. R. , Jenifer M. Maria Auxilli
Published: December 2021

Background: Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication and by restricted and repetitive behavior. Mothers of toddlers should have knowledge on Autism to identify the child in earlier age and to treat the child.

Objectives: The study aimed to assess the level of knowledge on autism among the mothers of toddlers. The objectives were to find out the level of knowledge on autism among the mothers and to find out the association between the level of knowledge on autism and selected demographic variables of the mothers of toddlers.

Materials and Methods: A non-experimental, descriptive study was conducted. The sampling technique was snow ball sampling technique with the sample of 50 mothers of toddlers and questionnaires were formulated, a structured interview schedule was used to assess the level of knowledge on autism among the mothers of toddlers. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the collected data. The data collection procedure was done for period of 2 weeks. The study was initiated after obtaining prior permission from the concern authorities.

Results: The findings of this study revealed that 44% of the mothers of toddlers had inadequate knowledge, 44% had moderately adequate knowledge and only 2% had adequate knowledge on autism. There was significant association between level of knowledge and demographic variables such as age, occupation and previous knowledge on Autism of mothers of toddlers.
An Alternate Approach in the Management of COVID – 19 in Unvaccinated / Vaccine Allergic Population – A Case Study
Authors: Bari Ahamed Basha Abdul , Sivashankar R.
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 vaccines offer protection against the severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by developing an immune response to the same. Further, there are mass vaccination programs being conducted across the globe. India administered COVID – 19 vaccines for more than 90 crores of people as on October 2021. However, there are still a bunch of people yet to receive vaccination. Adding to this, very few are found to be allergic to COVID – 19 vaccines. Hence there is a need for an alternative approach till the whole population of the world gets vaccinated. One such approach is prescribing Nilavembu kudineer and Kabha sura kudineer, a polyherbal Siddha medicine formulation of Traditional Indian system of Medicine. This case study highlights the positive effects and importance of the above mentioned polyherbal formulations in the management of mild to moderate COVID-19 patients. Hence, the same can be advised to the individuals who are yet to receive COVID-19 vaccine and persons who are allergic to COVID -19 vaccines.
Prognostic Value of Thyroid Hormone Dysfunction and Age in Septicemic Post-Surgical Patients
Authors: Rain Pallavi , Batra Jyoti , Batra Ankit , Kumar Satish , Mitra Shaila
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Critical illness and sepsis are difficult to treat with increasing age because of the poor adaptive physiological system as age progresses. The study tries to identify prognostic markers among thyroid hormones for post-surgical critically ill subjects, who have sepsis, to improve the outcome of patients with increasing age.

Methods: Free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were estimated by ARCHITECT immunoassay kits in 127 post-surgical critically ill patients with sepsis. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was recorded for each patient.

Results: The FT3, FT4 and TSH levels decreased and SOFA score increased with increasing age. Thyroid markers were significantly inversely correlated with age (for FT4 r= -0.616, p<0.0001 and for TSH r= -0.453, p<0.0001), with the strongest correlation between FT3 and age (r=0.674, p<0.0001). A positive correlation was observed between SOFA score and age (r=0.577, p<0.0001). FT3 decreases, SOFA and age increase from improved prognosis to worst prognosis (p<0.0001).

Conclusions: FT3 surfaced as a prominent prognostic marker that may be used in predicting the prognosis of post-surgical critically ill geriatric patients with sepsis.
Gender Difference in Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors with Diagnosed Hypertension
Authors: Chachar Tarique Shahzad , Laghari Ummama , Mangrio Ghullam Mustafa , Dars Abdul Ghaffar , Farhad Ruqayya , Tunio Yar Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Objective: Our study was designed to compare the gender difference in Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in patients of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro Pakistan.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in  Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro Pakistan from December 2019 to December 2020. Blood pressure was measured twice by trained physicians using aneroid sphygmomanometers after a standardized protocol. Patients were asked to sit with both feet on the floor for ≥5 minutes before the first BP measurement. Both the two BP measurements were taken 60 seconds apart.  For this research we defined hypertension as systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg.

Results:  We conducted a comparison between Hypertensive and nonhypertensive participants of the male and female groups. High blood pressure increased the level of uric acid in both male and female groups (351 ± 92 vs 303 ± 75). We observed that the hypertensive male population reported a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors due to  increase amount of total cholesterol level, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (5.45 ± 1.01, 1.42 ±  0.85,  2.56 ± 0.70) than females (5.15 ± 0.91, 1.29 ± 0.87, 2.30 ± 0.63).

Conclusion: Our results concluded that the male hypertensive population is more prone to future cardiovascular risk due to increased amount of total cholesterol levels, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and sex hormones (androgens).