bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RISKS SOURCES AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES IN POULTRY (EGG) PRODUCTION IN THE AGRARIAN COMMUNITIES OF LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Dr. Olugbenga Adesoji Christopher Ologbon  , Eucharia Emenyeonu-Gasper  , Dr. Adewunmi Olubanjo Idowu  , Dr. Olumayowa Oyebanjo  , Dr. Omolara Mujidat Dada
Published: August 2022

Poultry farming provides rich source of animal protein and contributes significantly to food security among Nigeria households. However, the poultry sector is largely vulnerable to risk conditions, ranging from natural events, climate disturbances, and human lapses resulting in tumultuous performances of the poultry enterprise. This study was carried out in the agrarian suburb of Lagos State, Nigeria to determine the dominant risk sources in the poultry egg sector, and the determinants of mitigation strategy adoption among egg farmers. Primary data were obtained in a crosssectional survey of 125 poultry egg farmers drawn by multi-stage random sampling across major communities in the study area, and were analysed by both descriptive and quantitative techniques. A risk behavioural model (RBM) was used to estimate the determinants of farmers’ adoption of specific mitigation strategies. From the findings, 62% of the respondents were male, married (64%), formally educated (74%), and of mean age and household size 40 ± 15 years and 4 ± 2 persons, respectively. Average farmer’s flock size was 524 ± 327 layers, 6 ± 5 average years of farming experience, and average gross income of N1,490,000/production cycle. The identified risk factors (response scores and survival propensities in parentheses) were; disease epidemic shocks (1.82, 44.67%); egg glut shocks (1.85, 39%); adverse weather shocks (2.01, 53%); and input price instability shocks (2.21, 60%). Identified lead risk mitigation strategies were strict adherence to routine vaccination regime; advance egg sales arrangement; proper timing/frequency of bird stocking, and advance/wholesale inputs purchase arrangements. Findings from the study established that medically disenfranchised (2.974; p<0.01) and non-remotely located farms (1.682 p><0.1) had higher propensity for routine vaccination/drugs administration to mitigate disease outbreak. Likewise, experienced farmers (2.780; p><0.01) operating farms with less capital-based assets (2.655; p><0.01) would more likely adopt advance sales arrangement to mitigate egg glut shock. With better human skills development (2.173; p><0.05), poultry farmers would likely engage proper timing for birds stocking to mitigate the effect of adverse weather condition on their farms. To enhance farmers’ timely access to major inputs (feeds, drugs and stocks) for a sustainable poultry egg industry in the study area, localisation of farms within policy-regulated areas and proximity to input supply firms were recommended.
IMPACT OF ASSET GROWTH AND EQUITY MULTIPLIER ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF MICROFINANCE BANKS OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Dr Ali Raza Nemati  , Taimoor Javed  , Muhammad Umar Sidiqui
Published: August 2022

Microfinance is the provision of a comprehensive range of financial facilities such as loans, deposited, money transfers, payment services and insurance to low-income households and their micro enterprises, due to limited literature on evaluating the financial performance of microfinance banks. The objective of this paper to investigates the relationship between asset growth and equity multiplier on the financial performance of microfinance banks of Pakistan. Study considers two variables, which relate to the profitability (a dependent factor): ROA and ROE. The independent factor on the other hand, AG, and EM. For this purpose, total 9 microfinance banks of Pakistan are engaged with 10- year financial data from 2010-2019 that are comes under the supervisions of State bank of Pakistan. E-views software is used to revealed result by analysis different tests including the descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and panel square regression method with. Some authors suggest that asset growth and equity multiplier have positive impact on financial performance of banks, while some authors suggests that asset growth and equity multiplier have its negative impact on the financial performance of banks. This study suggest that asset growth has its significant positive relationship with return on asset and return on equity, while equity multiplier has its significant negative relationship with return on asset and return on equity, finally based on results we conducted that asset growth has its significant positive relationship on financial performance and equity multiplier has negative relationship on the financial performance of microfinance banks of Pakistan. The study is equally beneficial and useful for the future researchers and for the microfinance banks of Pakistan to improve their profitability by reducing the equity and increasing asset growth.
DETERMINING THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL AND MORAL INCENTIVES ON JOB SATISFACTION OF TEACHERS AT HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTES
Authors: Dr. Ghulam Murtaza Shah  , Dr. Noor Ahmed Memon  , Dr. Ghazala Tunio
Published: August 2022

One of the main objectives of this study is to determine the empirical effect of financial and moral incentives on job satisfaction of teachers at higher education institutes. Financial incentives are monetary or tangible in form; two main financial types of incentives included in the study are promotion and group insurance. Moral incentives are non-monetary or intangible in nature; two main types of moral incentives are also included in the study, i-e Achievement and Recognition as well as Growth. Job satisfaction is considered as dependent variable in the study. Research instrument used to collect primary data was closed ended questionnaire which was adopted from previous relevant research studies. Primary data was collected from one hundred teachers working in three different universities located in Jamshoro city, Sindh. Data was analyzed using different statistical techniques like Cronbach alpha, Descriptive Statistics, Mean, Standard Deviation, Skewness and Kurtosis, Correlation Coefficient R and Structured Equation Modeling. All results of Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and Factor loadings, T statistics and P values of Structured Equation Modeling shown positive and significant effect of financial and moral incentives on job satisfaction of teachers. Only one hypothesis related to one of the moral incentives, Growth, is rejected, all other hypotheses are accepted. This research study concludes positive and significant effect of three incentives, two financial incentives i-e Promotion and Group Insurance, and one moral incentive i-e Achievement and Recognition on job satisfaction of teachers. Findings of research studies are practical guidance for top management of higher education institutes to increase job satisfaction and devise attractive incentives policy for teachers. It is also a valuable guidance for other private higher education institutes to increase job satisfaction of teachers as the proposed study only covers three largest and well recognized public sector universities of the country.
The Impact of Resource Efficiency Actions on Firm Performance, Moderating Role of Eco-Investment and Production Cost
Authors: Muhammad Faisal  , Adeel Ahmad  , Salman Riaz  , Zia Ur Rahman
Published: August 2022

The relationship of resource efficiency actions and firm performance has been analyzed by different researchers where the large firms have, all the times, been considered mostly however the small firms have been neglected generally. The prior studies concluded with no common consensus to comprehend the direction of this relationship. In this study, the primary intention is to examine the impact of resource efficiency actions on financial performance of SMEs. The cross section quantitative data of ninety firms has been gathered for the year 2019 by questionnaires. The dependent variable is firm performance and seven resource efficiency actions of saving water, saving energy, renewable energy, saving material, minimizing waste and selling scrap material to another company, are the independent variables whereas the eco-investment and production cost are the moderating variables. The correlation techniques and ordinal regression analysis have been implemented. This study concludes a negative and insignificant relationship between resource efficiency actions and financial performance of small firms for the short run. The eco-investment negatively but significantly whereas the production cost positively and significantly moderates the link of resource efficiency actions and firm performance. The results can vary if the subject matter is analyzed by accumulating the panel data and if other subdivisions of this sector are also included to extend the sample size.
TRACING THE MOTIVATION FOR USE OF EMAIL RECORDS IN ZIMBABWE’S CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
Authors: Dr. Samson Mutsagondo
Published: August 2022

There is increased use of electronic mail (email) as official records in many organizations. In fact, email is no longer used for communication purposes only, but it is also as an official record in business transactions. Zimbabwe’s central government is one such institution where reliance on use of email is on the increase. This article identifies and discusses factors that motivate Zimbabwe’s central government in using email as an official record in day-today business. The study was mixed method research and it made use of the convergent mixed methods research design. A total of 240 out of 660 informants from 12 out of 22 government ministries participated in the study where they responded to structured questionnaires. Ten interviewees also participated in the study. These included seven archivists from the National Archives of Zimbabwe, the director of the National Archives of Zimbabwe, an administration director from one government ministry and an Information Technology director from another government ministry. In addition to structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, data were also collected through personal observation and document reviews. Revelations from the study were that rise in use of email records was boosted by strides in electronic government and mobile government as well as issues of low cost, speed and ease of use of email, the later factors owing much to the innovation diffusion theory which greatly informed this study. The study recommended that increase in use of email records should match proper management of email records in order to make email an authentic, reliable and useful record of integrity.
IMPACT OF TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP ON KNOWLEDGE HIDING BEHAVIOR; MODERATING ROLE OF ISLAMIC WORK ETHICS
Authors: Dr. Malik Muhammad Faisal  , Dr. Manzoom Akhtar  , Dr. Ali Haider  , Dr. Zia ur Rehman
Published: August 2022

Knowledge hiding behavior reflect an intended concealment of knowledge that must be request by another people. This study examined the collective impact of Transactional leadership on knowledge Hiding Behavior with the moderating role of Islamic work ethic in hospitality industry of Pothwar region (Rawalpindi division). In this research, quantitative research method was applied. Population of the study include in this research are the managers and the employees of the hospitality industry. In this research we used nonrandom sampling technique and collected data through questionnaire with total of 250 employees of hospitality industry in Pakistan. Results of the research shows that role of Islamic work ethics is important for every organization. It strengthens the connection between the transactional leadership and the knowledge Hiding Behavior. It has also found that the leaders and the followers believe and accept the Islamic Work Ethic is the main factor of encouraging the employees that are committed to their work and perform their duties and responsibilities.
MANAGEMENT AND PROCUREMENT OF SWEET ORANGE PRODUCTION INPUT RESEARCH CENTER FOR ORANGE PLANTS AND SUBTROPICAL FRUIT (BALITJESTRO), CITY OF BATU, EAST JAVA
Authors: Hardiyanti Febby
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this activity is to be able to manage the production process of sweet oranges and be able to carry out and organize production and post-production activities of sweet oranges. The activity was carried out for 3 weeks (starting from March 02–23, 2020) at the Tlekung Experimental Garden (KP), Research Institute for Citrus and Subtropical Fruits (Balitjestro), Batu City, East Java. PKL activities at Balitjestro were planned to be carried out until May 9, 2020, but had to be stopped on March 23, 2020 due to the Covid 19 pandemic in Indonesia. PKL activities are continued with guided street vendors for 9 days starting from June 02–09, 2020, so that they meet the minimum number of practice hours of 60%.The conclusion obtained is that the activities of managing and procuring production inputs for sweet orange agribusiness are realized in Balitjestro with a literature study on sweet orange cultivation and leaf pruning on citrus seeds. The activities of managing the production process of the sweet orange agribusiness business are realized in Balitjestro starting from the maintenance of citrus plants including the installation of mulch on citrus seed mounds, pruning of twigs on citrus plants, and thinning of citrus fruit plants. Other activities include planting beets and head lettuce.
IDENTIFICATION OF SCHOOL BULLYING BEHAVIOR IN HIGH GRADE STUDENTS OF STATE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 001 BALAM JAYA KAMPAR
Authors: Rezinanda Saprila
Published: August 2022

This study aims to further identify bullying behavior in schools in the 001 Elementary High School Balam Jaya Kampar. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method. For the aspect of direct physical contact has the highest percentage of 90.26% with the "Very High" category, the verbal contact aspect has a percentage of 83.71% with the "Very High" category, the direct non-verbal behavior aspect has a percentage of 88.00% in the "Very High" category, while indirect non-verbal behavior has a percentage of 85.00% in the "Very High" category, it can be said from the four aspects of Bullying Behavior in Elementary High School Students Bullying School Behavior in Kampar Negeri 001 Balam Jaya the highest was direct verbal contact, and the lowest was indirect non-verbal behavior. So all those related to students such as principals, teachers, counseling guidance teachers, and parents respond to bullying behavior in small or large forms so as not to cause victims and have a detrimental impact on students.
ANALYSIS OF TEACHING READINESS OF FKIP STUDENTS OF TEACHER EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM, RIAU UNIVERSITY CLASS OF 2018
Authors: Siska Indriani
Published: August 2022

This study aims to determine and describe the teaching readiness of Elementary School Teacher Education Students of Riau University Class of 2018. This research will be carried out in the Elementary School Teacher Education Study Program at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Riau. This research was conducted in November-December 2021. This research is a quantitative descriptive study. The method used in this study was a survey with data collection techniques using questionnaires. The population in this study was all FKIP students of Riau University, PGSD Study Program class of 2018. The results showed that the overall results of the indicators studied showed that students of the PGSD study program at Riau University had physical readiness, mental readiness, and the ability and skills in teaching had met the minimum standards required as an educator.
Die Macht der Phantasie und die Abschaffung des absoluten Wissens
Authors: Hepfer Karl
Published: August 2022

»Phantasie« steht heute für die kreativen und schöpferischen Fähigkeiten des Menschen. Dieser Sprachgebrauch ist relativ neu. Tatsächlich findet der Versuch, dieses Vermögen terminologisch und systematisch genauer zu bestimmen, die längste Zeit in der Erkenntnistheorie und nicht in der Ästhetik statt. Dabei steht die Phantasie von Anfang an als eigenständiges Vermögen neben der Wahrnehmung und dem Verstand und wird in einer wichtigen Rolle für die Erklärung unserer Wissensansprüche gesehen. Wegen ihrer epistemischen Unzuverlässigkeit haben Erkenntnistheoretiker sie allerdings oft mit großem Misstrauen betrachtet. Die Untersuchung zeichnet anhand ausgewählter historischer Stationen die grundlegende Veränderung in der Wahrnehmung des Vermögens nach, von der Antike bis zur Neuzeit. Der diachrone Blick legt dabei auch eine systematische Pointe frei, nämlich dass sich anhand der theoretischen Wahrnehmung der Phantasie jeweils der Stand der Diskussion in der Frage bestimmen lässt, ob Erkenntnis ein ausschließlich passiver Vorgang ist, wie antike Theorien behaupten, oder auf jeden Fall eine aktive und produktive Eigenleistung des Geistes erfordert, wie die Theorien der Neuzeit mit steigender Überzeugung argumentieren. Je eindeutiger die Antwort zugunsten der zweiten Option ausfällt, desto weniger neutral oder objektiv scheint unser (empirisches) Wissen zu sein, desto eher entspringt es offensichtlich einer subjektiven Interpretationsleistung.
BTHG: Die wichtigsten Neuerungen für die psychiatrische Arbeit
Authors: Rosemann Matthias
Published: August 2022

Wegweiser durch das neue Teilhaberecht

Durch das BTHG werden die Selbstbestimmungsrechte und Ansprüche auf Unterstützung von Menschen mit Behinderungen gestärkt. Alle psychiatrischen Leistungserbringer und Kostenträger müssen sich neu aufstellen und die anspruchsberechtigten Bürger und ihre Angehörigen müssen ihre Rechte kennenlernen.

In diesem hochaktuellen Buch werden zentrale Begriffe wie Assistenz, Selbstbestimmung und Teilhabe erklärt und die neuen Vorschriften für die Teilhabeplanung zusammengeführt. Parallel werden die wichtigsten Paragrafen zitiert, damit man die neuen Teilhaberechte nicht nur versteht, sondern auch durchsetzen kann.
Fragebogen zur Erfassung gemeindepsychiatrischer Angebote für schwer psychisch kranke Menschen
Authors: Koschig Maria , Conrad Ines , Schwedhelm Justus , Frank Magdalena , Gühne Uta , Stengler Katarina , Riedel-Heller Steffi G.
Published: August 2022

Gemeindepsychiatrie funktional erfassen

Die Hilfsmöglichkeiten für schwer psychisch kranke Menschen mit ihren komplexen Versorgungsbedarfen haben sich über die letzten Jahrzehnte deutlich erweitert und finden heute überwiegend gemeindenah statt. Die Wirksamkeit vieler dieser Angebote ist mittlerweile wissenschaftlich belegt. Gleichzeitig besteht ein erheblicher Nachbesserungsbedarf zum Beispiel in Bezug auf Vernetzung einzelner Hilfen, der Kriseninterventionen außerhalb der Kliniken oder der stärkeren Berücksichtigung von Peer-Ansätzen.

Eine gezielte Weiterentwicklung des psychiatrisch-psychosozialen Versorgungssystems erfordert eine genaue Erfassung und Beschreibung der jeweiligen Versorgungssituation. Zu diesem Zweck wurde das Handbuch GEMPSY entwickelt: eine kompakte Anleitung zur Erfassung gemeindepsychiatrischer Versorgungs- und Vernetzungsstrukturen vor dem Hintergrund des Funktionalen Basismodells und der S3-Leitlinie »Psychosoziale Therapien bei schweren psychischen Erkrankungen« der DGPPN.
Comparison of Performance and Movement Kinematics of Virtual Reality Practice with Real-World Practice in the Dart-Throwing Skill
Authors: Mousavi Seyyed Ahmad , Shahbazi Mehdi , Shirzad Elham
Published: August 2022

Background: Researchers are pursuing the enhancement of sensorimotor skills through the application of virtual reality (VR) in the sports environment. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the performance and kinematics of VR with real-world dart-throwing. Methods: Twenty-four healthy junior high school boy students participated (aged = 13.66, SD = 0.48) in this semi-experimental study in the year of 2017. We examined mean radial and bivariate variable errors as the performance variables. The maximum flexion angle, release time angle, and angular velocity was examined as the kinematic variables. Standard dartboard, the Xbox360, the Kinect, and a high-speed camera (sampling at 240 Hz) were used to measure the performance and kinematics characteristics of upper limb motion. We used Kinovea 0.8.26 and MATLAB R2015b to analyze videos and data smoothing. One-way MANOVA was used to analyze variables. Results: The results revealed (P = 0.392) no significant differences in MRE between VR and real-world (RW) training in pre-test, acquisition, and retention outcomes, F (3, 20) = 1.05. The results indicated (P = 0.024) significant differences in BVE between VR and RW training in the pre-test, F (5.83). In addition, kinematic dependent variables (P = 0.692) had no significant difference between groups, F (9, 14) = 0.711. Conclusions: These findings achieved the same results in performance and kinematics of dart-throwing by VR intervention in the RW context. Basic similarities between VR and RW movement patterns in the same task bring motor skills improvement and transfer of learning.
Moral Distress in Iranian Psychiatric Nurses: A Content Analysis
Authors: Tavakol Nahid , Molazem Zahra , Rakhshan Mahnaz , Asemani Omid
Published: August 2022

Background: The complexities of the health care system have imposed complex ethical issues on nurses, resulting in moral distress in all categories of nurses with various specialties. Psychiatric nurses are also exposed to moral dilemmas because they care for vulnerable patients with delusions and suicidal ideation problems. Due to the different experiences of moral distress in different cultures, settings, and wards, we studied this phenomenon in Iranian psychiatric nurses. Objectives: We conducted this study to investigate the causes of moral distress in Iranian psychiatric nurses. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted based on a conventional content analysis on 12 psychiatric nurses selected by the purposive sampling method in 2020 in Shiraz, Iran, considering the maximum diversity. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with participants for an average of 40 - 60 minutes per interview until data saturation. Results: We obtained causes of moral distress from 7 categories and 20 subcategories. The categories included “lack of professional competence”, “organizational culture”, “individual factors”, “environmental and organizational factors”, “management factors”, “weaknesses in professional and effective communication”, and “observation of moral dilemmas by nurses”. Conclusions: This study demonstrated various causes of moral distress that managers should consider by providing a safe environment and appropriate facilities for psychiatric nurses.
Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential of Chloroform and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Teucrium persicum
Authors: Hajipour Parvaneh , Eizadifard Fatemeh , Tafrihi Majid
Published: August 2022

Background: Teucrium persicum, a well-known Iranian endemic plant, has been used to treat various diseases in Iranian traditional medicine. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of T. persicum on cancer cell lines. Methods: The total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant potential of chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts were assayed. The GC-MS analysis was used to detect the chemical constituents of these two extracts. The cytotoxicity effects of extracts on two cancer cell lines, PC-3, SW-480, and HEK-293, as normal cell lines were evaluated using the MTT assay. Results: The average total phenolic contents of chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts were found to be 48 ± 0.2 and 25 ± 0.4, respectively (P < 0.05). The total flavonoid contents of chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts were measured as 34 ± 0.6 and 36 ± 0.6 mg EQ/g of the dried extract, respectively (P < 0.05). The antioxidant potential of chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts were calculated as 2.5 ± 0.013 and 3 ± 0.0023 μg/mL, respectively (P < 0.05). According to the GC-MS analysis, 60 and 61 different bioactive compounds were detected in chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts, respectively. MTT results showed that the SW-480 cell line was more sensitive than PC-3 and HEK-293 cells. Conclusions: It was concluded that T. persicum had significant antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. Taking our study results into account, cancer inhibiting properties of T. persicum were strongly supported. However, it was recommended that further specific and detailed biochemical and molecular studies should be conducted in order to discover the effective compound(s) and mechanism(s) responsible for producing these effects.
Scapular Kinematic During Arm Elevation in Shoulder Impingement Syndrome Using Motion Analysis System: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hajibashi Arghavan , Amiri Ali , Sarrafzadeh Javad , Salehi Reza , Shanbehzadeh Sanaz
Published: August 2022

Context: With a key role in normal shoulder function, scapular kinematics have been investigated in shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS). Objectives: This systematic review aimed at determining scapular kinematic patterns in patients with SIS compared to in asymptomatic individuals. Data Sources: Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid, Embase and PEDRO were searched from January 1995 to June 2021. Study Selection: Articles in English published in peer-reviewed journals and using motion analysis systems to compare scapular kinematics between patients with SIS and asymptomatic subjects during arm elevation were included. Data Extraction: A modified Downs and Black checklist was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. A random-effects model was employed to perform a meta-analysis. Results: Nine out of 1650 screened abstracts were included for data extraction. Scapular upward rotation significantly decreased during arm elevation in SIS (SMD = -0.13, 95% CI = -0.23 to -0.02) with a low effect size (I2 = 46%). No differences were observed in scapular posterior tilt (SMD = -0.07, 95% CI = -0.18 to 0.03) and external rotation (SMD = 0.02, 95% CI = -0.06 to 0.09) between patients with SIS and asymptomatic subjects. Conclusions: This review revealed that except for scapular upward rotation, scapular movement was generally insignificantly different between the subjects with and without SIS during arm elevation. Between-group differences might have been overlooked as a result of the high risk of bias in the included studies. The high-quality studies addressing confounders are required to provide a definitive conclusion on the relationship between SIS and scapular kinematics.
Light Metaphysics and Scripture in the Inaugural Sermons of Robert Grosseteste and St. Bonaventure
Authors: Levri Catherine A. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2022

Robert Grosseteste delivered his inaugural sermon, Dictum 19, in 1229/1230. Like many inaugural sermons, Dictum 19 praises Scripture, its divine author, and the study of the sacred text. Grosseteste’s sermon, however, is unique in that its author had an extensive background in the natural sciences. I propose that his understanding of the nature of light influences his understanding of Scripture in Dictum 19. Specifically, Scripture, like light, gives form to others, creating a hierarchy of bodies which mediate this form. Grosseteste’s thought influenced Saint Bonaventure, who delivered his inaugural sermon Omnium artifex docuit me sapientia at his 1254 inception. Like Grosseteste, Bonaventure’s understanding of the nature of Scripture is based in part on his light metaphysics. I conclude that, for both Grosseteste and Bonaventure, their use of light as an analogy for Scripture is rooted not only in traditional theological metaphors but also in their metaphysics of light.
Thomas Aquinas on Assimilation to God through Efficient Causality
Authors: Pierson Daniel J. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2022

This article is a contribution to the field of study that Jacques Maritain once described as “metaphysical Axiomatics.” I discuss Aquinas’s use of the metaphysical principle “omne agens agit sibi simile,” focusing on perhaps the most manifest instance of this principle, namely, univocal generation. It is well known that Aquinas holds what could be called a “static” or “formal” view of likeness between God and creatures: creatures are like God because they share in certain exemplar perfections that preexist in God. My focus instead is on an efficient likeness to God, which reflects a foundational truth about reality for Aquinas: all creatures produce something like themselves through their operations, in imitation of God, who does so on a more fundamental level. My discussion will also clarify Aquinas’s derivation of the principle of similitude from a prior metaphysical principle, “every agent acts insofar as it is in act.”
Creating a Virtual Symposium
Authors: Trusso Dana ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2022

Democratizing the syllabus has been discussed in the fields of sociology and political science but rarely in philosophy. In this paper I will draw upon my experience of teaching Philosophy of Love in an online modality to examine the impact on motivation when students fill in the gaps presented in a democratic syllabus.
Attitudes towards legal and ethical aspects of organ donation among health care workers and general population of Montenegro
Authors: Peličić Damir , Prelević Vladimir , Nejkov Sonja , Bogojević Milan , Saveljić Mitar , Stojanović Vesna , Radovanović Snežana , Radević Svetlana
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Medical and legal problems of organ transplantation are numerous. The donor must be fully and properly informed about all elements regarding the transplantation, and especially about the possible consequences resulting from the removal of tissues and organs, which is an essential ethical problem. Aim: The aim of this research was to determine the attitude of health professionals and the general population in Montenegro towards some of the legal and ethical aspects of organ donation. Material and methods: The research was conducted with the consent of the Ethics Committee of the Clinical Center of Montenegro, in Podgorica number 03 / 01-1504. The sample was formed by random selection and consisted of 400 adult citizens of the city of Podgorica. The research included 200 health workers employed at the Clinical Center of Montenegro in Podgorica and 200 adult citizens of the city of Podgorica. Results: The majority of health workers (84.6%) state that the donor should be the one who gives consent for organ donation for life. Similarly, the vast majority (76%) of the general population believe the same. The largest percentage of participants, more than a third, in both groups, believe that using organs for the wrong purposes is sometimes possible, while almost a quarter of respondents said they did not believe it could happen. The difference in the opinion of health workers and the general population on this issue was not statistically significant (p = 0.522). Conclusion: From our research it can be concluded that both groups of respondents generally believe that the guarantee that organs will be used for the right purposes is the most important factor in organ donation and that the donor is the one who will give consent for living organ donation. The proposed measures need to create a strategy to increase confidence that organ donation will be done only for the right purposes, both in the general population and among health professionals.
First Dawn
Authors: Battiston Roberto
Published: August 2022

From the very first moments of the universe to the birth of the first star, our solar system, and our planet: a physicist traces the known and the unknown.

Since the beginning of the twentieth century, the horizon of our knowledge about the universe has expanded to encompass the infinitesimally small—and the infinitely vast. In First Dawn, physicist Roberto Battiston takes readers on a journey through space and time, to the boundaries of our knowledge and beyond. From the violence of the Big Bang and the birth of the first star, hundreds of millions of years later, to the emergence of our solar system, the dawn of life on Earth, and the possibility of life on other planets, Battiston maps what we know about the universe and how we came to know it—cautioning us, however, that what we know is a minuscule fraction of what there is to know.

Battiston outlines discoveries by some of the greatest theoretical physicists of the twentieth century, including Einstein, Bohr, Schrödinger, Heisenberg, Fermi, and Hubble; discusses the mysteries of dark energy and dark matter; and considers what it means for the universe to have emerged out of nothing. The ignition of the first star illuminated a universe that had been expanding, unobserved and unobservable, in the dark. Drawing on his own research, Battiston discusses the birth of the Sun, the formation of planets, the origins of life, interstellar migrations, extrasolar planets, black holes, gravitational waves, and much more. But, he warns, for some questions—the dimensions of the universe, for example, or the existence of other universes—we are destined to remain in the realm of speculation.
Impact of emotional intelligence on adherence to the Mediterranean diet in elementary education school students. A structural equation model
Authors: Melguizo-Ibáñez Eduardo , Badicu Georgian , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Silva Ana Filipa , Ubago-Jiménez Jose Luis , González-Valero Gabriel
Published: August 2022

Background

Adolescence is one of the stages where a large number of physical, psychological and emotional changes occur, the latter playing a key role in adherence to a healthy dietary pattern. Taking into account the above, this research reflects the objectives of developing an explanatory model of the incidence of attention, clarity and emotional repair on adherence to the Mediterranean diet and to contrast the structural model through a multigroup analysis based on Mediterranean adherence to this dietary pattern.

Methods

To this end, a comparative descriptive cross-sectional study has been carried out with 293 students from the third cycle of primary education. The instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire, the KIDMED test and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24).

Results

Students who show low adherence to the Mediterranean diet have a negative association with the repair of negative emotions. Participants who show a medium adherence to the Mediterranean diet, it is observed that they have a negative relationship with emotional clarity, while students who claim to have a high adherence to the Mediterranean diet show positive relationships with each of the constructs that make up emotional intelligence.
Probability-based preservational variations within the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota (China)
Authors: Saleh Farid , Ma Xiaoya , Guenser Pauline , Mángano M. Gabriela , Buatois Luis A. , Antcliffe Jonathan B.
Published: August 2022

The Chengjiang biota (Yunnan Province, China) is a treasure trove of soft-bodied animal fossils from the earliest stages of the Cambrian explosion. The mechanisms contributing to its unique preservation, known as the Burgess Shale-type preservation, are well understood. However, little is known about the preservation differences between various animal groups within this biota. This study compares tissue-occurrence data of 11 major animal groups in the Chengjiang biota using a probabilistic methodology. The fossil-based data from this study is compared to previous decay experiments. This shows that all groups are not equally preserved with some higher taxa more likely to preserve soft tissues than others. These differences in fossil preservation between taxa can be explained by the interaction of biological and environmental characteristics. A bias also results from differential taxonomic recognition, as some taxa are easily recognized from even poorly preserved fragments while other specimens are difficult to assign to higher taxa even with exquisite preservation.
Pediatrics HIV-positive status disclosure and its predictors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Belay Getaneh Mulualem , Yehualashet Fikadu Ambaw , Ewunetie Amare Wondim , Atalell Kendalem Asmare
Published: August 2022

Introduction

HIV-positive status disclosure for children is challenging for family members, guardians, and healthcare professionals. Disclosure is very challenging, particularly for children, yet no systematic synthesis of evidence accurately measures HIV-positive status disclosure in children. This systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to quantify the national prevalence of pediatric HIV-positive status disclosure in Ethiopia and identify factors associated with HIV-positive status disclosure.

Method

We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science databases, and google scholar for relevant published studies. Studies published in the English language and conducted with cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional designs were eligible for the review. The primary and secondary outcomes of the study were HIV-positive status disclosure and factors associated with HIV-positive status disclosure, respectively. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. A random effect- model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of HIV-positive status disclosure. Heterogeneity and publication bias of included studies was determined using I2 and Egger’s test, respectively.

Result

From 601 records screened, nine relevant studies consisting of 2,442 HIV-positive children were included in the analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of HIV-positive status disclosure among children living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia was 31.2% (95% CI [23.9–38.5]). HIV-negative status of caregivers (AOR: 2.01; 95% CI [1.28–3.18]), long duration on ART (greater than 5 years) (AOR: 3.2; 95% CI [1.77–5.78]) and older age of the child (>10 years) (AOR: 7.2; 95% CI [4.37–11.88]) were significantly associated with HIV-positive status disclosure.

Conclusion

Low prevalence of pediatric HIV-positive status disclosure was observed in Ethiopia. The longer duration of ART, the HIV-negative status of the caregiver, and older age greater than 10 years were the predictors of pediatric HIV-positive status disclosure. Health system leaders and policymakers shall design training and counseling programs for healthcare professionals and caregivers to enhance their awareness about HIV-positive status disclosure.

Trial registration

This review was registered under PROSPERO and received a unique registration number, CRD42019119049.
Impact of Plastinated Tracheobronchial Tree Cast on Students’ Learning in a South Indian Medical School- A Quasi-experimental Study
Authors: Uma SV , Leelavathy .
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Plastination is a technique used in anatomy to preserve body parts or whole body by indefinitely replacing water and lipids contained in it with a curable plastic. This process renders human tissue dry, non toxic, and odorless. The students consider these specimens as user friendly in enhancing their learning. Aim: To evaluate and compare the knowledge gained and its long term retention, between two groups of students, by the use of plastinated specimens and that of routine lecture class of same topic, respectively. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimentall study was conducted in the Anatomy Department of a Medical School in Bangalore, Karnataka, India, between November 2018 and January 2019. Total 150 Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) students from first year were divided into two groups- G1 and G2 of 75 students each. G1 was taught bronchopulmonary segments with tracheobronchial tree cast and a regular theory class was conducted on the same topic for G2. Both the groups were evaluated with a written questionnaire on the same day (T1) after the session and after 10 weeks (T2). The test scores of both the groups were compared using independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test was used to compare T1 and T2 scores of same groups. Results: The number of students taken for analysis among G1 was 48 (28 girls and 20 boys) out of 75 and G2 was 47(30 girls and 17 boys) out of 75 and their mean age was 19±1 years. The mean score of G1 for T1 was 6.30 and for T2 it was 8.60, whereas the mean score of G2 for T1 was 11.05 and T2 was 8.58. Statistically significant difference was observed within both the groups G1 (p-value=0.023) and G2 (p-value=0.002) for T1 and T2. There was a statistically significant difference on inter group comparison for T1 (p-value<0.01), whereas, on comparing the test scores for T2 of G1 and G2 there was no significant difference. Conclusion: The results bring about the importance of visual and tactile learning of bronchopulmonary segments which has an impact on the memory for a longer period rather than didactic lecture classes. The use of plastinated specimens as an adjuvant to dissection in anatomy teaching will help in better understanding of the subject and retention for a longer period of time.
Protective Action of Phosphorus 6CH in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Induced Pathogenecity in Gallus-gallus Embryo
Authors: Chatterjee Debasmita , Paira Krishnendu , Goswami Pritam , Ghosh Sayak , Choudhuri Dharitri , Das Satadal
Published: August 2022

Introduction: In the search of effective medicines against Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) besides the conventional mode of treatment many medicines belonging to alternative therapeutics claimed to be effective in this disease. In homeopathy-a branch of alternative medicine some medicines are claimed to be effective in COVID-19 after human trials. Aim: To study whether ultradiluted preparation of Phosphorus 6CH (centesimal (C) dilutions, using Hanhemann's (H) dilution method) can protect damaging action of Delta Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) in Gallus gallus embryo in relation to their gross appearances, histopathological changes and cytokine changes. Materials and Methods: An in-vivo fertilized chick embryo model experimental analysis was carried out at the Genetic Research Laboratory of Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. The whole experimental study was done in a time period of November 2021 to January 2022 and the data collected were analysed using statistical software Minitab. About 14 days old Gallus gallus embryonated eggs were inoculated with the antigen along with the vehicle alcohol controls. The Phosphorus 6CH was used to see whether it can prevent or cure the damaging action of the spike protein in the embryo in different experimental sets. Results: The notable finding in this experiment is the remarkable elevated expression of Interleukin (IL)-10 gene in the curative, preventive sets as well as in the medicine control sets in comparison to antigen and alcohol control sets. In case of Transforming Growth Factor, (TGF) β1 there was enhanced expression of TGF β1 gene in the alcohol 6C set and antigen set which gets ameliorated with Phosphorus 6CH. The morbid anatomy of the embryo and the histopathological picture of the liver of the embryo also reflected similar findings in these two experimental sets. After statistical analysis it was found that there was significant correlation in between Interferon (IF) γ and IL-10 in these experimental results which appears very important. Conclusion: The homeopathic medicine phosphorus 6CH is capable of maintaining cytokine balance in Delta SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD induced pathogenecity in Gallus gallus embryo.
Cross-cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Gujarati Version of Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity
Authors: Shah Dharti , Khatri Subhash
Published: August 2022

se, Language, Translation ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical activity is an important factor for healthy ageing and inactivity can lead to various disorders. The Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) is an established method for assessing physical activity in adults aged over 50 years. Aim: To compare the cross-cultural adaptation and translation of English RAPA into Gujarati language and to identify the psychometric properties of the Gujarati RAPA. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2021 to February 2022 with the original author’s permission and the study was completed in three phases (i) Translation and cross-cultural adaptation (ii) Face and content validity (iii) Test-retest reliability. The author’s suggested procedure was undertaken for translation and the consensus method was used for face and content validity. Total nine experts from different fields examined each item of the Gujarati RAPA. Total 108 participants were included in the study and to find test-retest reliability, one week interval was used. Results: Total 108 participants (mean age 61.6±7.82 years) were studied. The Content Validity Ratio (CVR) for item 1 was 0.88 and for all other items, the value was 1. Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) value of all the items of Gujarati RAPA was >0.79%. Test-retest reliability measured by weighted kappa k (for RAPA1: 0.82 and RAPA2: 0.73) was very good. Conclusion: Gujarati RAPA had good face and content validity and very good test-retest reliability. Hence, it is a useful tool for the assessment of physical activity in Gujarati speaking population.
Effectiveness of Adding Garlic Extract (Allium sativum) in Commercial Feed to the Resistance of Nilem Fish (Osteochillus hasselti) Infected with Aeromonas hydrophila Bacteria
Authors: Rachmawati Aldha , Rosidah . , Anna Zuzy , Lili Walim
Published: August 2022

Determining the concentration of garlic extract addition in commercial feeds that are effective for increasing the body's resistance and survival of nilem fish to the attack of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. This study was carried out at the Aquatic animal physiology laboratory of building 2 and the biotechnology laboratory, faculty of fisheries and marine sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, between November and December 2021. This study used the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) method with five treatments and three tests. The treatment used is the addition of garlic extract to commercial feed at doses: 0 g / kg of feed (A), 10 g / kg of feed (B), 20 g / kg of feed (C), 30 g / kg of feed (D), and 40 g / kg of feed (E). The treatment period is carried out for 21 days. Furthermore, nilem fish were tested with Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria with a density of 108 CFU / ml by intramuscular injection. The results showed that the addition of garlic extract to the feed did not produce a noticeable influence on the survival value of fish. However, the administration of garlic extract into the feed of 20 g / kg affects the health of the fish body in the form of a white blood cell count of 12800 cells / mm3.