bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rekrutmen Perempuan Menjadi Politisi Legislatif
Authors: Hendrawati
Published: June 2020

The research of Women recruitment be a (legislative) politician be held on Kotabaru Regency and Tanah Bumbu Regency at South Kalimantan Province. The Objective is a known and seen recruitment or woman candidate to be a (legislative) politician. This research used methods survey with the quantitative approach, intended to descriptive data via questionnaire to respondent. Data who not can be covered in this research be equipped with the quantitative approach with depth interview. The result showing the public opinion seen women presence as politician more comprehensive likely on Act No.8 Years 2012 to encourage strengthening the role, position, and strategic about 30% women representation in legislative. But what happens, proportion women member on legislative failed to reach 30% of affirmative action, beside patriarchy culture still shadowing women candidates for legislative so that so difficult to strengthen the trust of the voters. And then, ration of women representation has decrease, both locally, province and center at 2014 Election.

Keyword : recruitment, Women, Politician, Legislative

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian rekrutmen perempuan menjadi politisi (legislatif) berlokasi di Kabupaten Kotabaru dan Tanah Bumbu, Kalimantan Selatan. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui dan melihat rekrutmen atau pencalonan perempuan menjadi politisi (legislatif). Metode yang digunakan melalui survey dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Dimaksudkan untuk mendiskripsikan data melalui kuesioner kepada responden. Data yang tidak tercover dalam penelitian ini, maka dilengkapi dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa opini public melihat keberadaan perempuan sebagai politisi lebih konprehensif berpeluang dalam UU No.8 Tahun 2012 untuk mendorong penguatan peran, posisi dan strategis tentang keterwakilan perempuan 30% di lembaga legislative. Namun apa yang terjadi, proporsi anggota legisatif perempuan yang terpilih gagal mencapai affirmative action 30%, disamping budaya patriarki masih membayangi para caleg perempuan juga gagalnya pengkaderan dan pendidikan politik serta rekrutmen politisi perempuan (DPR) yang kurang selektif sehingga sulit memperkuat kepercayaan pemilih. Akhirnya jatah keterwakilan perempuan mengalami penurunan, baik ditingkat, lokal, provinsi, maupun tingkat pusat pada pemilu 2014.

Kata kunci: rekrutmen, perempuan, politisi, legislatif
Pengoperasian Sistem Operasi Komputer Bagi Pegawai Pemerintah Daerah Di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Hartiningsih
Published: June 2020

The operation of the computer operating system by local government officials in South Kalimantan aims to determine the computer's operating system that is used by local government officials. With survey methods and techniques as well as the determination of the location determination is done by random sampling of respondents, the results indicate, a proprietary operating system is much more dominant use by employees compared with the open source operating system. Some of the prominent reasons for the operation of the system that is already familiar, quite familiar, practical, manarik, and easy to apply. Operation of the open source operating system is legal, but very little used by local government employees. In contrast with the use of a proprietary operating system that is favored by many employees. Proprietary operating system is quite easy and already familiar to do all the work of the office. To promote the use of open source operating system for employees need guidance and socialization to the realization that the use of a proprietary operating system without a license is an offense of piracy is not saving money.

Keywords: Operationg, operating system, computer

 

ABSTRAK

Pengoperasian sistem operasi komputer oleh pegawai pemerintah daerah di Kalimanatan Selatan bertujuan untuk mengetahui sistem operasi komputer yang digunakan oleh para pegawai pemerintah daerah. Dengan metode survey dan teknik penentuan lokasi maupun penentuan responden dilakukan secara random sampling, hasil penelitian mengindikasikan, sistem operasi proprietary jauh lebih dominan digunakan oleh para pegawai dibandingkan dengan sistem operasi open source. Beberapa alasan yang mengemuka terhadap pengoperasian sistem itu yakni sudah terbiasa, cukup familiar, praktis, manarik, dan mudah pengaplikasiannya. Pengoperasian sistem operasi open source memang legal, tetapi sangat minim digunakan oleh pegawai pemerintah daerah. Berbeda jauh dengan penggunaan sistem operasi proprietary yang digemari oleh banyak pegawai. Sistem operasi proprietary cukup mudah dan terlanjur familiar untuk mengerjakan segala pekerjaan kantor. Untuk memasyarakatkan penggunaan sistem operasi open source terhadap pegawai perlu bimbingan dan sosialisasi untuk penyadaran bahwa penggunaan sistem operasi proprietary tanpa lisensi merupakan tindak pembajakan juga tidak hemat.

Kata Kunci : Pengoperasian, sistem operasi, komputer
Pengalaman Masyarakat Adat Boti dalam Memanfaatkan Media Rakyat Untuk Pembangunan
Authors: Andung Petrus Ana , Nope Hotlief Arkilaus
Published: June 2020

Bonet is one of local wisdoms of Boti tribe that is also used as a traditional communication media to deliver messages of development. This study was conducted to find out the experiences of Boti Tribe in using Bonet as a traditional medium of communication in order to stimulate and increase community participation in rural development. This study used a qualitative approach using the phenomenological method. The Boti government in collaboration with the King of Boti has consistently used Bonet as an alternative medium of communication to convey various messages about development. In addition, according to the real experience of Boti local government, Bonet is considered as a powerful media to increase community participation in rural development.

Keywords: Local Wisdom, Bonet, Phenomenological, Participation in Development

 

ABSTRAK

Bonet merupakan salahsatu kearifan lokal masyarakat adat Boti yang dimanfaatkan sebagai saluran komunikasi tradisional guna menyampaikan pesan-pesan pembangunan.  Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengalaman masyarakat adat Boti dalam menggunakan bonet sebagai saluran komunikasi tradisional guna memacu serta meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan desa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode fenomenologi.  Pemerintah Boti bekerjasama dengan Raja Boti, secara konsisten telah memanfaatkan Bonet sebagai media alternatif guna menyampaikan berbagai pesan pembangunan.  Tidak hanya itu saja. Berdasarkan pengalaman nyata dari Pemerintah Desa Boti, penggunaan Bonet dianggap cukup ampuh memacu dan meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan desa. 

Kata kunci: Kearifan Lokal, Bonet, Fenomenologi, Partisipasi dalam Pembangunan
Una perspectiva histórico-social de la eutanasia y respuesta del magisterio de la Iglesia
Authors: Martínez Guisasola José Manuel
Published: June 2020

En las últimas décadas estamos observando cómo desde distintos ámbitos políticos y sociales se impulsan peticiones reivindicativas en favor de la legalización de la eutanasia, peticiones estas que, en no pocas ocasiones, llevan consigo el ataque a la postura de la Iglesia Católica por negarse a su normativización jurídica. En el presente artículo se pretende esclarecer el concepto de eutanasia. Primero se hará un recorrido histórico por la evolución de su significado; seguidamente se analizará la estrategia empleada por los colectivos que la promueven; y se concluirá con la presentación de la posición doctrinal del Magisterio de la Iglesia, exponiendo las líneas fundamentales del discernimiento moral con relación a la intervención con enfermos terminales.
Impact of Teaching Practice on Pre-Service Teachers’ Pedagogical Competencies in Tanzania
Authors: Kihwele Jimmy Ezekiel , Mtandi Raiza
Published: June 2020

Teaching practice is an integral part in preparing pre-service teachers and initiates them to the actual teaching environments. TP has been frequently interrupted hence raising a concern about its contribution on improving pedagogical competencies. This study sought to understand the contribution of teaching practice on developing pre-service teachers’ pedagogical competencies. The study adopted case study design through the mixed approach that involved a total of 81 respondents from Mzumbe University in Tanzania. Respondents were picked from their teaching practice stations to fill in the questionnaires with 36 items. Participants consent was obtained before taking part in responding to questionnaires. The findings show that, pre-service teachers perceive TP as a crucial part of teacher education as it helps to consolidate pedagogical skills. Again, TP contributed to develop pre-service teachers’ pedagogical competencies through merging theoretical understanding and actual practices as well as how to select, prepare and use teaching and learning materials and aids. Further, findings show challenges like inadequacy of single assessment, poor mentor-novice teacher relationship and interruptions that reduced the actual teaching time. TP requires some modifications including improved relationship between pre-service teachers and host teachers, to increase the TP duration to compensate lost time due to interruptions and pre-service teachers need to be assessed more than once. It is recommended that time for TP should be reviewed in the universities curricula for pre-service teachers to have practical experience and get mentorship from experienced teachers. In this way, TP will become an apprenticeship with great impact to the teaching profession.
Perfil de triatletas amadores do estado de Minas Gerais: análise dos treinamentos, lesões e competições
Authors: Araújo Príncia Jardim , Vilas Boas Yvan Fernandes , Tavares Marcelo Rodrigo , Rodrigues César Augusto Costa , Rosa Bruno Barbosa
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi traçar um perfil dos praticantes amadores de Triatlo através da análise da rotina de treinos e competições. Métodos: Participaram da pesquisa 46 homens e 16 mulheres da cidade de Belo Horizonte.A pesquisa é quantitativa e foi realizada por meio da aplicação de questionário com 40 perguntas abertas e fechadas. As perguntas são relativas aos temas: informações pessoais, histórico no triatlo, rotina de treino, participação em competições, histórico de lesões e hábitos relacionados à prática do triatlo. O questionário foi elaborado pelos pesquisadores. Resultados: A maioria se considera de nível intermediário (59,67%) e participa de provas de curta distância (52%).Cada modalidade é treinada em média 3 vezes na semana.O treino de educativos na natação é realizado com frequência por 33,8%, o anaeróbio no ciclismo por 14,5% e o treino de força na corrida por 20,9% dos participantes. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o nível de desempenho auto percebido pelos triatletas amadores de Belo Horizonte tem relação direta com o tempo de prática na modalidade. As horas que dedicam para cada modalidade em relação às horas totais de treino na semana são elevadas para natação e ciclismo e baixas para corrida em comparação a outros estudos. Não foi encontrada relação entre lesões e rotina de treinamento. Uma investigação mais aprofundada sobre as competições, como tempo gasto nas provas e região onde competem, irá contribuir para outras análises e resultados.
Contornos da produção científica sobre atletas transgêneros na mídia brasileira: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Pedrosa Gabriel Frazão Silva , Nascimento Diego Ramos do , Garcia Rafael Marques , Pereira Erik Giuseppe Barbosa
Published: June 2020

O objetivo deste artigo foi compreender como vem sendo tratada a presença de atleta trans na mídia brasileira. Este estudo se caracterizou como uma Revisão Sistemática de Literatura, seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA e aplicando nossos instrumentos de coleta na base de dados do Google Acadêmico. Como resultados, encontramos 11 trabalhos, sendo 08 artigos publicados em revistas e/ou anais de congressos, 02 teses e 01 monografia. A abordagem dominante foi de cunho qualitativo e descritivo, concentrando-se na região Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. A leitura dos documentos revelou que, embora se proponham a discutir sobre trans, predominou-se o estudo de gêneros à luz das identificações homem e/ou mulher, sempre sob uma ótica binária, o que demonstra uma incongruência da temática com as catalogações na base de dados. Foi possível perceber, ainda, que na mídia existe uma linha tênue entre inclusão de uma temática a ser abordada de forma correta e segregação por apresentar falhas em discursos que venham a comprometer a visibilidade das pessoas trans, sobretudo no que se refere à inserção de atletas desta identificação no cenário esportivo.
Estrategia para perfeccionar situaciones del contraataque en baloncesto sub-16, ambos sexos
Authors: Proaño Báez Anahí Alexandra , Caicedo Silva Wilson Nicolás , Ponce Guerrero Patricio Marino
Published: June 2020

Introducción: las situaciones del contraataque en los deportes son elementos del juego considerablemente importantes que suelen ser modelados como parte de la preparación deportiva, su potenciación implica elevar el rendimiento deportivo de forma integral. Objetivo: implementar una estrategia didáctica capaz de perfeccionar diversas situaciones del contraataque en basquetbolistas Sub-16 (ambos sexos) de la Selección de Cumbaya. Métodos: Investigación cuasi-experimental, estudiando la población de basquetbolistas  (ambos sexos) de la Selección de Cumbaya (15 jugadores masculinos y 15 femeninos). Se implementa una estrategia didáctica en dos mesociclos de entrenamiento, evaluando en dos momentos de la preparación deportiva el rendimiento del contraataque desde una situación de juego determinada. Resultados: La media inicial del rendimiento en contraataque del sexo masculino se estableció en 1,8 puntos, y en el postest en 2,9 puntos (+1,1 puntos), siendo significativamente diferente (p=0,001). La media inicial del rendimiento en contraataque del sexo femenino se estableció en 1,2 puntos, y en el postest en 2,3 puntos (+1,1 puntos), siendo significativamente diferente (p=0,001). Conclusiones: La estrategia de intervención evidenció para la presente investigación una mejora notable en el rendimiento del contraataque de los basquetbolistas estudiados  (ambos sexos), siendo efectivo el estímulo físico realizado en los dos mesociclos de entrenamiento.
Kết cục thai kỳ các trường hợp thai nhỏ so với tuổi thai
Authors: Truong My Ngoc , Do Thi Minh Nguyet , Tran Nhat Thang , Ho Viet Thang , Vuong Thi Ngoc Lan
Published: June 2020

Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Mô tả kết cục thai kỳ các trường hợp thai nhỏ so với tuổi thai được chẩn đoán từ 28 đến 36 tuần tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Thành phố Cần Thơ và khảo sát các yếu tố liên quan đến kết thúc thai kỳ trước 37 tuần và các kết cục xấu ở trẻ sơ sinh.

Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu báo cáo loạt ca thực hiện từ tháng 10/2018 đến tháng 6/2019. Đối tượng nghiên cứu là tất cả phụ nữ mang thai từ 28 đến 36 tuần, được chẩn đoán thai nhỏ hơn so với tuổi thai. Thai nhỏ so với tuổi thai được định nghĩa khi có ít nhất một lần siêu âm mà ước lượng cân nặng thai dưới bách phân vị thứ 10 so với tuổi thai.

Kết quả: Có 103 thai phụ được nhận vào nghiên cứu. Mổ lấy thai chiếm tỉ lệ 73,3% (95% KTC 64 - 82) với nguyên nhân chính là suy thai (59,5%). Tuổi thai trung bình lúc sinh là 36 1/7 tuần. Cân nặng lúc sinh trung bình 2.039 ± 562 g. Tỷ lệ trẻ sơ sinh nhẹ cân so với tuổi thai là 72,8% (95% KTC 0,64 - 0,82), tỷ lệ trẻ nhập khoa Hồi sức sơ sinh 34,0% (95% KTC 25 - 43), bệnh lý sơ sinh tổng hợp 41,0% (95% KTC 30 - 50), tỷ lệ thai chết trong tử cung 1,0%, tỷ lệ trẻ chết sau sinh 1,0%. Các yếu tố liên quan kết thúc thai kỳ trước 37 tuần và kết cục thai kỳ xấu ở trẻ sơ sinh gồm thời điểm xuất hiện, mức độ thai nhỏ so với tuổi thai, có kết hợp thiểu ối và bệnh lý rối loạn tăng huyết áp thai kỳ ở mẹ.

Kết luận: Thai nhỏ so với tuổi thai có kết cục thai kỳ không thuận lợi. Kết quả nghiên cứu là cơ sở cho quản lý thai các trường hợp thai kỳ nguy cơ, đồng thời cung cấp thông tin cho công tác tư vấn thai phụ.
Hiệu quả của khâu cổ tử cung ngả bụng trước thụ thai ở những phụ nữ có tiền căn sinh non hoặc sẩy thai ở tam cá nguyệt thứ hai
Authors: Nguyễn Mai An , To My Anh , Chau Ngoc Minh , Ly Thien Trung , Le Thi Ha Xuyen , Dang Quang Vinh , Huynh Thi Thu Thuy , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Phuong
Published: June 2020

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá hiệu quả và tính an toàn của khâu cổ tử cung ngả bụng trước thụ thai trong dự phòng sinh non.

Đối tượng và Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Đây là một báo cáo hồi cứu loạt ca. Tất cả những phụ nữ được thực hiện khâu cổ tử cung ngả bụng trước thụ thai tại bệnh viện Mỹ Đức trong thời gian từ tháng 01/2015 đến tháng 01/2020 được nhận vào nghiên cứu. Chỉ định khâu cổ tử cung ngả bụng tại bệnh viện là những phụ nữ có tiền căn sẩy thai ở tam cá nguyệt thứ 2 hoặc sinh non đã khâu vòng cổ tử cung qua ngả âm đạo hoặc sinh non có bất thường cấu trúc giải phẫu ở cổ tử cung. Sau khâu cổ tử cung, bệnh nhân được thụ thai bằng cách tự nhiên hoặc thông qua kỹ thuật hỗ trợ sinh sản. Kết cục chính là tỷ lệ sinh từ 34 tuần trở lên. Tỷ lệ trẻ sinh sống, tuổi thai trung bình khi sinh, kết cục sơ sinh, thời gian phẫu thuật, thời gian nằm viện và các biến chứng sau phẫu thuật là các kết cục phụ của nghiên cứu.

Kết quả: Từ tháng 1/2015 đến tháng 1/2020, có 19 phụ nữ đủ tiêu chuẩn thu nhận, trong đó có 5 phụ nữ đã sinh và 4 phụ nữ đang mang thai. 3/5 (60%) trường hợp sinh từ 34 tuần trở lên. Thời gian khâu cổ tử cung ngả bụng trung bình là 43,3 phút, thời gian nằm viện sau khâu trung bình là 4,1 ngày. Tỷ lệ sinh sống là 5/5 (100%) với tuổi thai trung bình là 33,9 tuần.

Kết luận: Khâu cổ tử cung ngả bụng trước thụ thai có thể là một chọn lựa trong việc dự phòng sinh non cho các trường hợp có tiền căn sinh non hoặc tiền căn sẩy thai ở tam cá nguyệt thứ 2 dù đã được khâu cổ tử cung ngả âm đạo trước đó, và / hoặc bất thường giải phẫu ở cổ tử cung.
Phát hiện đột biến mất đoạn hai gen Alpha Globin (--SEA) gây bệnh Αlpha Thalassemia bằng kỹ thuật PCR
Authors: Dao Thi Trang , Nguyen Thi Hao , Bui Thi Lanh , Hoang Thi Hai , Hoang Thi Ngoc Lan , Doan Thi Kim Phuong
Published: June 2020

Đặt vấn đề: Chẩn đoán xác định người mang đột biến dị hợp tử --SEA có ý nghĩa lớn với việc chẩn đoán trước sinh. Chẩn đoán sớm thai bị Hb Bart’s có vai trò quan trọng cho tư vấn di truyền.

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá hiệu quả của việc phát hiện đột biến --SEA bằng phương pháp PCR.

Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: 66 mẫu DNA tách chiết từ 31 mẫu máu và 35 mẫu ối tươi/ối nuôi cấy đã làm xét nghiệm đột biến gen α globin bằng phương pháp lai phân tử ngược tại Trung tâm Tư vấn Di truyền, Bệnh viện Đại học Y Hà Nội. Các mẫu DNA được PCR bằng mồi đã thiết kế, sau đó điện di để xác định đột biến --SEA. So sánh kết quả giữa hai phương pháp.

Kết quả: Đoạn mồi thiết kế đã khuếch đại thành công đoạn gen mang đột biến --SEA. 66/66 mẫu máu và mẫu ối có kết quả 100% tương đồng giữa hai phương pháp.

Kết luận: PCR là một phương pháp chính xác, đơn giản, nhanh chóng và kinh tế trong chẩn đoán người mang gen cũng như chẩn đoán thai thi mang đột biến --SEA.
Phân mảnh phôi và các ảnh hưởng trên kết quả điều trị hỗ trợ sinh sản
Authors: Nguyen Thi Quynh Tien , Dang Thi Huyen Trang , Nguyen Ngoc Quynh
Published: June 2020

Trong kỹ thuật hỗ trợ sinh sản, chỉ có một số ít noãn phát triển thành phôi chất lượng tốt để sử dụng chuyển cho bệnh nhân. Hình thái phôi là một trong các tiêu chí để chọn lựa phôi chuyển cho bệnh nhân. Hình thái phôi thể hiện qua số lượng tế bào, độ đồng đều phôi bào, và tỷ lệ của các mảnh vụn phôi bào. Trong đó, phân mảnh được xem là tiêu chí quan trọng bởi vì phân mảnh càng nhiều khả năng phôi phát triển càng kém. Những phôi có nhiều phân mảnh làm hạn chế tiềm năng phát triển và làm tổ của phôi. Phân mảnh phôi là các phần nhỏ của tế bào chất được bao bọc bởi màng tế bào nhưng thường không có DNA, hình thành trong quá trình phân chia của tế bào. Sự phân mảnh phôi phụ thuộc vào nhiều yếu tố như điều kiện nuôi cấy, buồng trứng đáp ứng kém, chất lượng tinh trùng, tuổi vợ cao, chất lượng noãn, quy trình kích thích buồng trứng. Nội dung của bài tổng quan sau xin trình bày về cơ chế gây ra phân mảnh phôi, các dạng phân mảnh và ảnh hưởng của phân mảnh phôi lên kết quả điều trị trong IVF.
ANALISIS KONSEP TEMATIK PADA TAMAN-TAMAN DI KEBUN RAYA SRIWIJAYA DALAM MENDUKUNG KONSERVASI LAHAN GAMBUT SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Herawati Masfiah , Maryani Sri
Published: June 2020

Luas  lahan  basah  di  Indonesia  diperkirakan  20,6 juta ha atau sekitar 10,8% dari luas daratan Indonesia (Rahmawaty et al.2014). Sumatera Selatan sebagai salah satu provinsi yang memiliki luas lahan gambut sekitar 1.254.502,34 hektar merupakan potensi alam yang harus dijaga keberlangsungan ekosistemnya, salah satu upaya pemanfaatan ekosistem gambut di Sumatera Selatan adalah dengan pembuatan Kebun Raya Sriwijaya. Karakteristik lahan gambut yang dimiliki oleh Kebun Raya Sriwijaya merupakan dasar dalam semua kegiatan yang di lakukan di lokasi ini. Salah satu kegiatan pembangunan yang di lakukan di Kebun Raya Sriwijaya adalah pembangunan taman tematik. Penulisan ini akan mengulas analisa mengenai bagaimana integrasi tema pembangunan taman berdasarkan kondisi karakteristik lahan tersebut.

Tema taman yang dapat dinikmati secara visual akan mempengaruhi  minat pengunjung, baik bagi golongan anak-anak, orang tua, mulai dari tingkatan pendidikan terendah sampai tertinggi untuk datang dan beraktivitas di taman, sehingga tujuan konservasi, pendidikan, penelitian, rekreasi serta jasa lingkungan akan  terpenuhi. Hasil analisis tematik taman yang ada di Kebun Raya Sriwijaya ditemukan bahwa  tematik pada taman- taman yang ada di Kebun Raya Sriwijaya ditentukan atas dasar tema Kebun Raya Sriwijaya, potensi tanaman, nilai estetika, lahan yang tersedia, relief lahan, karakteristik tanah (jenis gambut, kedalaman, elevasi dan tinggi muka air tanah) dan ketersediaan sumber air untuk penyiraman.
Cultura organizacional y Sustentabilidad empresarial en las Pymes durante crisis periodos de confinamiento social
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-DÍAZ Romel Ramón , GOZÁLEZ-DÍAZ Katia Ninozca
Published: June 2020

El presente artículo pretende describir la cultura organizacional y sustentabilidad como estrategias para mitigar la crisis económica ocasionada por el COVID-19 en el sector comercio de ropas de minoristas de la ciudad de Cabimas del estado Zulia. Se enmarco en la metodología cuantitativa se aplicó un cuestionario estandarizado (validado a juicio de expertos y con un coeficiente de confiabilidad Alpha de Cronbach de 0,92 Muy Alta) con 16 reactivos aplicado a 14 Pymes del sector comercio minorista de ropa para niño en la ciudad de Cabimas, el cual se aplicó en abril/2020 mediante un Google form. Luego se procesó la información obtenido a través del software estadístico SPSS, donde se determinó la estadística descriptiva y se obtuvieron los principales resultados: la crisis económica y sanitaria ocasionada por el COVID-19 ha estimulado estrategias empresariales alineadas al uso del comercio electrónico y uso masivo de las redes sociales no solo oficiales sino de los trabajadores, quienes asumiendo con responsabilidad sus compromisos con la Pyme han establecido redes y relaciones con clientes que han afianzada formas alternativas de intercambio comercial.
Innovación y Desempeño Económico en México
Authors: Bastidas Regalado Viridiana , Millan López Nora Teresa , Gonzalez Díaz Romel Ramón , Serrano Polo Edgardo Alfonso
Published: June 2020

En este estudio se analizan los factores que determinan el desempeño económico de los estados de México. Estos factores se relacionan con la producción inventiva, el capital humano y el capital industrial. El periodo de análisis comprende entre 1997 y 2016 desde una perspectiva regional, con la finalidad de ilustrar la existencia de un efecto espacial positivo, es decir, la existencia de una complementariedad entre los estados. Entre los hallazgos, se tiene un efecto positivo y significativo de la educación, la capacidad inventiva y el capital industrial sobre el desempeño económico del territorio nacional. Asimismo, la vecindad entre los estados impacta de forma positiva y significativa en el desempeño de la economía mexicana.
Evaluación en un curso de ecuaciones diferenciales con el apoyo de material en línea de matemáticas en contexto
Authors: del Rivero-Jiménez Socorro , Ruiz-Moreno Leonsio
Published: June 2020

La finalidad de esta investigación es evaluar, por un lado, el aprovechamiento escolar en un curso de ecuaciones diferenciales cuando se implementa material didáctico contextualizado en circuitos eléctricos con el uso de la plataforma Moodle como herramienta de apoyo y por el otro evaluarla percepción de los alumnos respecto a la utilidad de dicha plataforma. La investigación es de tipo mixta (cuantitativa y cualitativa), se fundamenta teórica y metodológicamente en la Matemática en el Contexto de las Ciencias. La evaluación cuantitativa se establece mediante un comparativo entre estudiantes de ingeniería electrónica: grupo control y grupo experimental. Los resultados indican que existe relación entre la aplicación del material didáctico con el uso de la plataforma Moodle y la obtención de mejoras en el aprendizaje de las ecuaciones diferenciales en el contexto de los circuitos eléctricos. La evaluación cualitativa se establece mediante la técnica de grupos focales donde los alumnos opinaron que la plataforma Moodle les ayuda a tener un mejor entendimiento de la materia y a desarrollar un aprendizaje autónomo.
Measuring Client-Centered Outcomes in an Occupational Therapy Student Teaching Clinic Using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure
Authors: Zylstra Sheryl Eckberg , Doyle Sue
Published: June 2020

Importance: Student teaching clinics (STCs) are an increasingly popular means of providing clinical learning opportunities to health profession students. Although research exists on the learning outcomes of students participating in STCs, little research exists on the outcomes of clients participating in STCs.

Objective: To examine client-perceived outcomes at a university-based occupational therapy STC in the Pacific Northwest.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Participants: Participants included all clients (pediatric and adult) attending the STC during spring 2016. Seventy client charts were reviewed, and 56 charts (80%) met the study inclusion criteria.

Intervention: Intervention included 12 wk of student-led occupational therapy that was client centered and occupation based.

Outcomes and Measures: Client perceptions of performance and satisfaction in self-identified valued occupations were measured using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) before and after intervention.

Results: Clients demonstrated statistically significant increases in both COPM Performance and Satisfaction scores as well as clinically significant improvement in Satisfaction scores.

Conclusions and Relevance: Clients reported improvements in performance and satisfaction in valued occupations after attending an STC. The COPM has potential to be used as a client-reported outcome measure for occupational therapy services in STCs, across diagnoses and ages. Areas for future research and clinical implications are discussed.

What This Article Adds: This study demonstrates that STCs have the potential to provide positive outcomes for clients as well as student therapists. It provides preliminary support for using the COPM to assess client outcomes in STCs.
Occupational Therapy Group Interventions in Oncology: A Scoping Review
Authors: Udovicich Anthea , Foley Kitty-Rose , Bull Danielle , Salehi Nasim
Published: June 2020

Importance: Patients with cancer frequently experience difficulties with everyday activities. This scoping review explores occupational therapy group interventions in oncology, an area relevant to occupational therapy practitioners, but one that has limited evidence.

Objective: This scoping review examines the association between occupational therapy–based oncology groups and improved functional activity of daily living outcomes for adults with cancer. It poses the following research question: Are occupational therapy groups associated with improved functional outcomes for adults with cancer?

Data Sources: Searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, OTseeker, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, and OTDBase were completed for peer-reviewed articles published from 1997 to 2018.

Study Selection and Data Collection: Inclusion criteria were articles published in English and occupational therapy–based groups for adults with cancer.

Findings: Eight articles matched the inclusion criteria. The articles reviewed were 2 randomized controlled trials, 1 case study, 1 descriptive exploratory research study, 1 mixed-methods study, 2 pretest–posttest studies, and 1 longitudinal prospective comparative study.

Conclusions and Relevance: Occupational therapy groups led to a significant increase in occupational performance and satisfaction, an improvement in functioning, and a decrease in fatigue. Engagement in important roles and occupations and sharing the experience with others were also highly valued. This review provides support for the implementation of group-based occupational therapy interventions in oncology. Further research is required in this area, particularly in the inpatient setting with men included in the sample.

What This Article Adds: This scoping review demonstrates the benefits of group-based occupational therapy interventions for adult patients with cancer.
Predicting Student Success on the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy® Examination
Authors: Kurowski-Burt Amy L. , Woods SueAnn , Daily Shay M. , Lilly Christa L. , Scaife Brian , Davis Diana
Published: June 2020

Importance: A predictive tool to support academic and practice outcomes for occupational therapy students is needed for use in advising students.

Objective: To determine whether characteristics of academic and professional behavior across cohorts could indicate the likelihood of student success in passing the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy® examination.

Design: Causal–comparative research.

Participants: Master of occupational therapy students (N = 315; eight cohorts).

Measures: Demographics, college entrance exams, grade point average, program benchmarks (i.e., specific course grades, fieldwork grades, Occupational Therapy Knowledge Exam scores), licensure exam.

Results: Baseline and in-program characteristics were used to determine success; for each unit increase in the success score, the odds of passing the exam were 4.11 (95% confidence interval [2.23, 7.60]).

Conclusions and Relevance: Case studies that have used this success score suggest that additional resources and targeted interventions could be allocated to help students at highest risk of not passing the licensure exam.

What This Article Adds: Using a predictive tool to support student success can enable more effective academic advising throughout an occupational therapy program and result in positive outcomes on the licensure exam.
Pilot Use of the Adapted Fresno Test for Evaluating Evidence-Based Practice Knowledge in Occupational Therapy Students
Authors: Atler Karen , Stephens Jaclyn
Published: June 2020

Importance: A core tenet of occupational therapy is that practitioners should use evidence in their practice. Nevertheless, many occupational therapy practitioners feel limited in their evidence-based practice (EBP) knowledge. Conceivably, improving EBP knowledge in students would facilitate their greater knowledge as practitioners. Other researchers have modified teaching methods and content to enhance knowledge in students but did not empirically evaluate the acquisition of knowledge.

Objective: To empirically evaluate EBP knowledge acquisition.

Design: Descriptive, mixed-methods pilot study.

Setting: A graduate occupational therapy program.

Participants: Fifty-one second-year occupational therapy students.

Outcomes and Measures: We used the Adapted Fresno Test of Competence in Evidence-Based Practice to measure evidence-based practice knowledge. We also qualitatively assessed students’ perceptions of what influenced their development of EBP knowledge and how they felt after completing the posttest.

Results: We found significant improvements in EBP knowledge. We also found the following qualitative themes regarding influences on students’ EPB knowledge development: helpful supports, learning activities, and the context of doing with others.

Conclusions and Relevance: We observed significant gains in EBP knowledge, as measured by the Adapted Fresno Test, after occupational therapy students completed an EBP course. We theorize that students’ gains in EBP knowledge will support their ability to successfully use evidence in their future occupational therapy practice.

What This Article Adds: Our findings on the Adapted Fresno Test indicate that our course successfully promoted acquisition of EBP knowledge. We theorize that students’ gains in evidence-based practice knowledge will support their ability to successfully use evidence in their future occupational therapy practice.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Preliminary Validation of the European Spanish Version of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ–ES)
Authors: Montes-Montes Rebeca , Delgado-Lobete Laura , Pereira Javier , Pousada Thais
Published: June 2020

Importance: The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ) is the most widely used measure of difficulties with activities of daily living and academic performance in children with developmental coordination disorder, but this tool has not been adapted for use in Spain.

Objective: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the DCDQ into European Spanish (DCDQ–ES) for use in assessing motor coordination in Spanish children.

Design: Cross-cultural adaptation and preliminary validation study.

Setting: Community and mainstream schools in Spain.

Participants: A committee of five experts oversaw the cross-cultural adaptation process. A community-based convenience sample of 31 parents of children ages 5–14 yr was used to test the comprehensibility of the DCDQ–ES. Preliminary reliability was tested with 35 randomly selected parents of children ages 6–12 yr.

Outcomes and Measures: The DCDQ was translated into European Spanish and cross-culturally adapted following international guidelines. Comprehensibility was assessed using cognitive debriefing interviews. The final version of the DCDQ–ES was used for the reliability analysis.

Results: Cultural relevance and equivalence and idiomatic differences between the DCDQ and DCDQ–ES were evaluated. Comprehensibility analysis led to minor modifications that facilitated comprehension and interpretation. Internal consistency and homogeneity of the DCDQ–ES were good (Cronbach’s α = .857, corrected item–total correlations = .268–.692).

Conclusions and Relevance: The DCDQ–ES is conceptually and semantically equivalent to DCDQ and was successfully cross-culturally adapted for the European Spanish context. Preliminary data suggest that the DCDQ–ES is a reliable measure of motor coordination in Spanish children.

What This Article Adds: This study provides evidence of the cultural equivalence of the DCDQ–ES for use with Spanish children. Occupational therapists in Spain can use the DCDQ–ES to evaluate children’s motor coordination difficulties in everyday activities.
“Starting to Live a Life”: Understanding Full Participation for People With Disabilities After Institutionalization
Authors: Angell Amber M. , Goodman Leah , Walker Heather R. , McDonald Katherine E. , Kraus Lewis E. , Elms Edward H. J. , Frieden Lex , Sheth Alisa Jordan , Hammel Joy
Published: June 2020

Importance: A key objective of the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) is community integration; yet, nearly 30 yr later, little is known about the participation of people with disabilities who transition from institutions to the community.

Objective: To understand how people with disabilities describe full participation after transitioning from an institution to the community and to identify environmental barriers and facilitators to participation during and after this transition.

Design: The ADA–Participatory Action Research Consortium (ADA–PARC), a collaboration among researchers, people with disabilities, and community organizations, is implementing a multimethod, participatory action research study of participation among people with disabilities posttransition. This article presents qualitative findings from semistructured interviews collected as part of the larger ADA–PARC project.

Setting: ADA–PARC community partners across the United States.

Participants: One hundred fifty-three adults with disabilities.

Outcomes and Measures: We used a semistructured interview guide to ask participants about their experiences during and after transition to the community.

Results: We identified four themes: (1) the process of transition as ongoing rather than a single event, (2) access to everyday occupations as full participation and what fully represents “living a life,” (3) environmental barriers to participation, and (4) social identity as participation as the transformative process of moving from the disempowering isolation of the institution to being integrated into the community.

Conclusions and Relevance: As people with disabilities transition into community settings, they require ongoing supports to facilitate their full, long-term participation.

What This Article Adds: People with disabilities reported that transitioning from institutions to the community was itself not enough to support their full community participation; rather, they viewed transition as an ongoing process, and they needed services and supports to fully participate. Occupational therapy practitioners working in institutional and community settings can partner with local disability advocacy communities to support their clients’ sense of identity and self-confidence during and after transition to the community.
A replication of “The role of intermediaries in facilitating trade” (Journal of International Economics, 2011)
Authors: Duan Jianhua , Qian Xuefeng , Das Kuntal K. , Meriluoto Laura , Reed W. Robert
Published: June 2020

This study replicates Ahn, Khandelwal, and Wei’s (2011) model of intermediary trade. The study produces two main results. First, the authors are able to reproduce empirical evidence for AKW’s three main predictions for Chinese exports. This is impressive because much of the data for their replication are independently sourced. However, when the authors subject their model to additional tests, they find that the evidence is not robust. Using more recently available data to test AKW′s first prediction, the authors estimate coefficients that are wrong-signed and significant. When they re-analyze the evidence supporting the second and third predictions, they find that the full sample results mask significant heterogeneity across Chinese regions. In many cases, key coefficients are insignificant. In a few cases, they are wrong-signed and significant. Finally, using multiple versions of a key variable measuring the number of required import documents by country, the authors discover that the results are not robust across versions.
PTR-TOF-MS eddy covariance measurements of isoprene and monoterpene fluxes from an eastern Amazonian rainforest
Authors: Sarkar Chinmoy , Guenther Alex B. , Park Jeong-Hoo , Seco Roger , Alves Eliane , Batalha Sarah , Santana Raoni , Kim Saewung , Smith James , Tóta Julio , Vega Oscar
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are important components of the atmosphere due to their contribution to atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles. Tropical forests are the largest source of the dominant BVOC emissions (e.g. isoprene and monoterpenes). In this study, we report isoprene and total monoterpene flux measurements with a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) using the eddy covariance (EC) method at the Tapajós National Forest (2.857∘ S, 54.959∘ W), a primary rainforest in eastern Amazonia. Measurements were carried out from 1 to 16 June 2014, during the wet-to-dry transition season. During the measurement period, the measured daytime (06:00–18:00 LT) average isoprene mixing ratios and fluxes were 1.15±0.60 ppb and 0.55±0.71 mg C m−2 h−1, respectively, whereas the measured daytime average total monoterpene mixing ratios and fluxes were 0.14±0.10 ppb and 0.20±0.25 mg C m−2 h−1, respectively. Midday (10:00–14:00 LT) average isoprene and total monoterpene mixing ratios were 1.70±0.49 and 0.24±0.05 ppb, respectively, whereas midday average isoprene and monoterpene fluxes were 1.24±0.68 and 0.46±0.22 mg C m−2 h−1, respectively. Isoprene and total monoterpene emissions in Tapajós were correlated with ambient temperature and solar radiation. Significant correlation with sensible heat flux, SHF (r2=0.77), was also observed. Measured isoprene and monoterpene fluxes were strongly correlated with each other (r2=0.93). The MEGAN2.1 (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1) model could simulate most of the observed diurnal variations (r2=0.7 to 0.8) but declined a little later in the evening for both isoprene and total monoterpene fluxes. The results also demonstrate the importance of site-specific vegetation emission factors (EFs) for accurately simulating BVOC fluxes in regional and global BVOC emission models.
Retrieving tropospheric NO2 vertical column densities around the city of Beijing and estimating NOx emissions based on carMAX-DOAS measurements
Authors: Cheng Xinghong , Ma Jianzhong , Jin Junli , Guo Junrang , Liu Yuelin , Peng Jida , Ma Xiaodan , Qian Minglong , Xia Qiang , Yan Peng
Published: June 2020

Abstract. We carried out 19 city-circle-around car MAX-DOAS experiments on the 6th Ring Road of Beijing in January, September, and October 2014. The tropospheric vertical column densities (VCDs) of NO2 were retrieved from measured spectra by the Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) technique and used to estimate the emissions of NOx (≡ NO + NO2) from urban Beijing during the experimental periods. The offline LAPS-WRF-CMAQ model system was used to simulate the wind fields by assimilation of observational data and calculate the NO2-to-NOx concentration ratios, both of which are also needed for the estimation of NOx emissions. The NOX emissions in urban Beijing for the different seasons derived from the car MAX-DOAS measurements in this study were compared to the multi-resolution emission inventory in China for 2012 (MEIC 2012). Our car MAX-DOAS measurement results showed higher NO2 VCD in January than in the other two months and typically larger NO2 VCD at the southern parts of the 6th Ring Road than at the northern parts. The wind field had obvious impacts on the spatial distribution of NO2 VCD, with the mean NO2 VCD along the 6th Ring Road typically being higher under the south wind than under the north wind. In addition to the seasonal difference, the journey-to-journey variations of estimated NOx emissions rates (ENOx) were large even within the same month, mainly due to uncertainties in the calculations of wind speed, the ratio of NO2 and NOx concentration, and the decay rate of NOx from the emission sources to the measured positions under different meteorological conditions. The ranges of ENOx during the heating and non-heating periods were 28.7 × 1025 to 60.0 × 1025 molecules s−1 and 7.7 × 1025 to 24.8 × 1025 molecules s−1, respectively. The average ENOx values in the heating and non-heating periods were 43.0 × 1025 molecules s−1 and 13.9 × 1025 molecules s−1, respectively. The uncertainty range of ENOx was 16.4–33.2 %. The monthly emission rates from MEIC 2012 are found to be lower than the estimated ENOX, particularly in January. Our results provide important information and datasets for the validation of satellite products and also show how car MAX-DOAS measurements can be used effectively for dynamic monitoring and updating of the NOx emissions from megacities such as Beijing.
Global modeling of cloudwater acidity, rainwater acidity, and acid inputs to ecosystems
Authors: Shah Viral , Jacob Daniel J. , Moch Jonathan M. , Wang Xuan , Zhai Shixian
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Cloudwater acidity affects the atmospheric chemistry of sulfate and organic aerosol formation, halogen radical cycling, and trace metal speciation. Rainwater acidity including post-depositional inputs adversely affects soil and freshwater ecosystems. Here we use the GEOS-Chem model of atmospheric chemistry to simulate the global distributions of cloud- and rainwater acidity, and the total acid inputs to ecosystems from wet deposition. The model accounts for strong acids (H2SO4, HNO3, HCl), weak acids (HCOOH, CH3COOH, CO2, SO2), and weak bases (NH3, dust and sea salt aerosol alkalinity). We compile a global dataset of cloudwater pH measurements for comparison with the model. The global mean observed cloudwater pH is 5.2 ± 0.9, compared to 5.0 ± 0.8 in the model, with a range of 3 to 8 depending on region. The lowest values are over East Asia and the highest values are over deserts. Cloudwater pH over East Asia is low because of large acid inputs (H2SO4, HNO3), despite NH3 and dust neutralizing 70 % of these inputs. Cloudwater pH is typically 4–5 over the US and Europe. Carboxylic acids account for less than 25 % of cloudwater H+ in the northern hemisphere on an annual basis, but 25–50 % in the southern hemisphere and over 50 % in the southern tropical continents where they push the cloudwater pH below 4.5. Anthropogenic emissions of SO2 and NOx (precursors of H2SO4 and HNO3) are decreasing at northern mid-latitudes, but the effect on cloudwater pH is strongly buffered by NH4+ and carboxylic acids. The global mean rainwater pH is 5.5 in GEOS-Chem, higher than the cloudwater pH because of dilution and below-cloud scavenging of NH3 and dust. GEOS-Chem successfully reproduces the rainwater pH observations in North America, Europe, and eastern Asia. Carboxylic acids, which are undetected in routine observations due to biodegradation, lower the annual mean rainwater pH in these areas by 0.2 units. The acid wet deposition flux to terrestrial ecosystems taking into account the acidifying potential of NO3− and NH4+ in N-saturated ecosystems exceeds 50 meq m−2 a−1 in East Asia and the Americas, which would affect sensitive ecosystems. NH4+ is the dominant acidifying species in wet deposition, contributing 41 % of the global acid flux to continents under N-saturated conditions.
Towards parametrising atmospheric concentrations of ice nucleating particles active at moderate supercooling
Authors: Mignani Claudia , Wieder Jörg , Sprenger Michael A. , Kanji Zamin A. , Henneberger Jan , Alewell Christine , Conen Franz
Published: June 2020

Abstract. A small fraction of freezing cloud droplets probably initiates much of the precipitation above continents. Only a minute fraction of aerosol particles, so-called ice nucleating particles (INPs), can trigger initial ice formation at −15 °C, a cloud-top temperature frequently associated with snowfall. We found at a mountain top site in the Swiss Alps that concentrations of INPs active at −15 °C are different functions of coarse (> 2 μm) aerosol particle concentrations, depending on whether an air mass is precipitating, non-precipitating, or carrying Saharan dust and non-precipitating. Consequently, we suggest that a parameterisation at moderate supercooling should consider coarse particles in combination with air mass differentiation.