bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transformation of the Regional Social and Professional Space (on the Example of the Republic of Tyva)
Authors: Golenkova Zinaida , Goliusova Yulia , Samba Anna
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this article is to consider the features of the development of the socioprofessional structure in the Republic of Tuva. The socio-professional structure of the population of Tuva is generally similar to the structure of Russian society, although it has its own regional differences. These differences are related both to the peculiarities of the transformation processes in Tuva and to the historical specifics of social development. Over the past century, Tuva’s society has transformed from an archaic agrarian society into an agrarian-industrial one. This type of society persists to this day. Today, the transformation processes taking place in the Russian Federation as a whole and in the Republic of Tyva in particular have a significant impact on the structure of employment and determine the formation of the regional social and professional space. New strata of property owners and the poor emerged. A layer of employees has formed, whose main economic potential depends on the income of employment in organizations of different types of ownership. There is a specific stratum in the social and professional structure of Tuvan society-the so-called independent arats, which are agents that reflect the specifics of the labor space of the republic. They are self-employed by any ethnic type of activity: shepherds, yak breeders, reindeer herders, embroiderers, stone cutters, shamans, throat singers, etc. Also traditional for the republic are collectors of wild plants, hunters and fishermen who are engaged in these activities for profit. They are not integrated into the social and professional structure of modern Tuva, as their professional affiliation is not formalized. The process of legitimizing some professional groups has only just begun. The labor market was also not ready for the emergence of archaic forms of employment. This led to the temporary exclusion of individual groups.
Small Town in the Conditions of the Formation of Agglomerations: a Chance to Survive or a Blow of Modernization?
Authors: Podlesnaia Maria
Published: September 2021

In the context of the rapidly developing urbanization and spatial development strategy of the Russian Federation, focused on strengthening and creating macro-regions, the question arises of what is the place and fate of the development of a small town. The agglomeration approach, which is popularized today as necessary in terms of improving the level and quality of life in the regions, also includes social costs – first of all, ignoring the cultural identity of the small towns, and secondly, utilitarianism and, as a consequence, unification of Russian regions. The author of the article make an attempt to consider such regions – the Kirillovsky district of the Vologda region, which not only has a noticeable number of monuments of architecture, a unique national park, but also is part of the country’s historical province, called the Russian North. Based on the data of two sociological studies conducted in 2009 and 2019, as well as materials from other research groups, an analysis is given of how the population of this territory lives, what are its migration and value attitudes, its attitude to the country and small homeland what role in the life of the population is played by the cultural heritage that it possesses. Attention is drawn to the problem of depopulation of the region as a whole and to the opportunities that exist in reality for territories similar to the Kirillovsky District, which are not only forced to be custodians of cultural originality, but also to be part of this culture themselves, transmitting paternalism and tradition in a certain sense.
Self-evaluation of educational success as an institutional phenomenon: sociological analysis of efficiency and intrasystem contradictions
Authors: Shuklina Elena A.
Published: September 2021

In the context of the institutional transformation of education and the complication of the processes of its functioning and development in the information age, the problem of analyzing the self-assessment of educational success as a subjective regulator of human educational activity becomes of particular importance. The article examines the subjective assessment of success in formal education as a reflection of students' ideas about the degree of compliance with the system of institutional requirements through their acceptance / rejection. The analysis of the problems of educational success is bazed on the material of a large-scale sociological study of schoolchildren, students of secondary vocational education (SVE) and universities of the Sverdlovsk region (N = 2489 people). There were carried out the typologization of subjects of educational activity in accordance with the level of self-assessment of educational success; comparison of the types identified during the transition from one subsystem of education to another (school - secondary vocational education - university); determination of individual-personal and institutional contradictions and conflicts in the assessment of educational success as points of growth, the search for coordination of the needs and interests of the individual, on the one hand, and education as a social institution, on the other. The author comes to the conclusion that the self-assessment of educational success is a stable institutional construct that uniformly regulates educational activity at all stages of education, carrying out the process of differentiation of its subjects. At the same time, it can be dysfunctional in relation to the institution of education, its implementation of an adaptive, socio-cultural function, the function of professional self-determination. The results of the sociological study demonstrated that the institutionally formed model of self-assessment of success for educational communities in the current conditions is not optimal. Gradually transforming in accordance with the needs of students, the possibilities of the educational institution, the challenges of the time, it will have to change, creating conditions for broader prospects and diversity of the educational and professional future of students.
The student time-budget and their adaptation to educational activities
Authors: Bolshakova Ol`ga A. , Karakhanova Tatyana M.
Published: September 2021

The article examines the general picture of the use of their time fund by university students, its structuring, as well as the dynamics of time indicators related to the main spheres of students' daily activities in 2002–20. Particular attention is paid to educational activities as status-forming for full-time students. A survey of university students in Moscow, Omsk and Pskov was conducted in March 2019 – January 2020 by the sector for studying the daily activities and time budget of the ISRAS within the framework of the monitoring complex research "Daily activities of the urban population: time budget, values, social adaptation." The real behaviorur of students was analyzed in combination with the analysis of motivation to obtain higher education, adaptive opportunities for participation in educational activities and the success of professional socialization of students. It was revealed that the dominant motive for obtaining higher education - “the need to have a higher education diploma in order to get a good job” - not only retained (over the period 2002–20) its dominance and a significant “gap” from the significance of other motives, but its importance even rose. In general, the configuration of educational motivation has not changed much. Changes in resource time possibilities least of all affected the segment of daily activities related to the total work load (study time, paid work, unpaid work). The study time of students decreased more significantly for women (much less for men). The amount of time spent on physical recovery of students has decreased, but the space for studying in their free time has significantly expanded. It is shown that the types of students' value orientation in relation to educational activities have a connection with the volume, structure of educational time and other indicators. Indicators of adaptive capabilities of students for the implementation of educational activities are associated with the degree of preparedness of students to study at the university. It was revealed that the time spent on all educational activities and its structure in 2019–20 differs by the worst characteristics both in comparison with 1920 and in comparison, with other periods (the period of 1920–2020 was considered in dynamics).
Docência compartilhada na formação inicial de professores de matemática
Authors: Melo Lucas Medeiros e , Giraldo Victor , Rosistolato Rodrigo
Published: September 2021

Este artigo tem como contexto a implementação de uma proposta de docência compartilhada por um professor da Educação Básica e um do Ensino Superior, em uma disciplina do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). A experiência é parte do projeto Práticas Docentes Compartilhadas (PDC), do Laboratório de Práticas Matemáticas do Ensino (LaPraME), grupo de pesquisa vinculado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Matemática da UFRJ (PEMAT-UFRJ). Enfocamos aspectos da identidade profissional docente que emergem das interações entre os atores envolvidos na experiência de docência compartilhada, observados a partir das relações dinâmicas entre identidade e alteridade. A metodologia utilizada envolveu a produção de dados qualitativos por intermédio de registros escritos em forma diários individuais, com as reflexões de cada um dos professores sobre as aulas, analisados sob a lente teórica do interacionismo simbólico. Nossos resultados indicam a prática da empatia e o sentimento de pertencimento como aspectos emergentes da docência compartilhada.
O dispositivo da especificidade matemática e a produção do sujeito-professor(a)-de-matemática
Authors: Grilo Jaqueline de Souza Pereira , Barbosa Jonei Cerqueira , Maknamara Marlécio
Published: September 2021

Trata-se de um ensaio teórico que tem como objetivo discutir o dispositivo da especificidade matemática operado por professores de matemática. A construção da nossa argumentação apoiou-se em conceitos da caixa de ferramentas foucaultiana e incidiu sobre estudos que tratam do Conhecimento Matemático para o Ensino, do Conhecimento Especializado do Professor de Matemática e da Matemática para o Ensino. Problematizar o discurso da Matemática específica para ensinar possibilitou identificar a principal linha de força do dispositivo: a existência de uma Matemática específica para ensinar. Esta, por sua vez, emaranhada na rede que constitui o dispositivo produzem formas de ser-professor(a)-de-Matemática, dentro do jogo das relações de poder que pretende conduzir a conduta desses professores.
Gene Transmission, Growth, and Exogeneous Growth Hormone Expression of G2 Transgenic Betta Fish (Betta imbellis)
Authors: Ayuningthias Nadia , Nasrullah Hasan , Soelistiyowati Dinar Tri , Kusrini Eni , Alimuddin Alimuddin
Published: September 2021

Highlight ResearchThe F2 of GH-transgenic B. imbellis was successfully producedThe transgene inheritance by the F2 fish was more than 90%The growth and body size of transgenic fish was significantly higher than controlF2 fish reached a larger body size in a shorter period compared to the F1 AbstractIn our previous research, we had successfully produced G0 and G1 Pangasianodon hypophthalmus growth hormone (PhGH) transgenic B. imbellis, native ornamental betta from Indonesia, which its giant-sized variant has valuable price for the breeders. The G0 and G1 transgenic (TG) fish showed higher growth rate and body size compared to the non-transgenic (NT) fish. The study was aimed to produce and evaluate the consistencies of transgene transmission and expression in G2 generation. The growth rate and body size between TG and NT fish was also compared. The G2 generation was produced using crosses between TG and NT G1 fish: ♂TG × ♀TG, ♂TG × ♀NT, ♂NT × ♀TG, and ♂NT ×♀ NT. Fish were reared for 12 weeks, and transgene detection was performed using the polymerase chain reaction method (PCR) on isolated DNA from the caudal fin clips. The endogenous and exogenous GH expression analysis was conducted using the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method. The results showed that the inheritance of the GH transgene by the G2 fish was more than 90% in all transgenic crosses. Endogenous GH was expressed at the same levels in the brain of TG and NT fish, but the exogenous GH expression was highly detected only in the TG fish. The G2 transgenic fish had a higher specific growth rate, up to 31%, compared to the control. The body length of TG crosses were 23−35% higher and had 111−135% higher body weight compared to NT fish. These results showed a promising approached in mass-producing stable lines of giant-sized betta using the GH-transgenic technology.
Effect of Different Feed Restrictions on Growth, Biometric, and Hematological Response of Juvenile Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp)
Authors: Robisalmi Adam , Alipin Kartiawati , Gunadi Bambang
Published: September 2021

Highlight ResearchThere has been a significant decrease in growth, condition factors, hepatosomatic index along viscerosomatic index with the length of time for feed restriction, although fasting for up to 28 days did not cause fish mortalityHematological parameters such as RBCs, WBCs, hematocrit, and hemoglobin decreased significantly, but after re-feeding increased significantly in consecutive timesThe blood glucose levels decreased during feed restriction and gradually increased after re-feedingFeed restriction ﬁsh gained weight continuously during re-feeding, but no displaying compensatory growthThe decrease in hematological parameters did not indicate stress levels in fish, but reflected a lack of nutrition condition AbstractThe management of red tilapia culture can be improved through restriction of feed. This study aimed to determine the impact of feed restriction time and re-feeding on the growth and hematological performance of juvenile red tilapia. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments with four replications, namely the fish were given food for 28 days (A), 7 days of feed restriction followed by 21 days of refeeding (B), 14 days of feed restriction followed by 14 days of refeeding (C), 21 days of feed restriction followed by 7 days of refeeding (D) and 28 days of feed restriction (E). The parameters observed were growth, biometry, and hematological values. The results showed that during the feed restriction period there was a significant decrease in growth, condition factors, hepatosomatic index along with viscerosomatic index with the length of time for feed restriction, although fasting for up to 28 days did not cause fish mortality. Hematological parameters such as RBCs, WBCs, hematocrit, and hemoglobin decreased significantly, but after re-feeding, they increased significantly in consecutive times. As for the blood glucose levels decreased during feed restriction and gradually increased after re-feeding. This study stated that feed restriction ﬁsh gained weight continuously during re-feeding, but no displaying compensatory growth. The results suggested that the decrease in hematological parameters did not indicate stress levels in fish, but reflected a lack of nutrition condition.
Preparation for the Doctoral Defense: Methods and Relation to Defense Outcome and Perception
Authors: Lantsoght Eva O.L.
Published: September 2021

The doctoral defense is an important step towards obtaining the doctoral degree. As such, preparing for the event is necessary. Anecdotal evidence highlights that there is a wide variety of ways in which doctoral candidates prepare for the defense. In this work, I want to explore if there is a relation between the way in which a doctoral candidate prepares for the defense and two important aspects of the defense: the outcome of the defense, and the student perception during and after the defense. For this purpose, I first reviewed the literature on the topic of the preparation for the doctoral defense. Then, I carried out an international survey on the doctoral defense and analyzed the data of the 204 completed surveys with respect to the preparation for the defense using quantitative and qualitative methods. The methods I used included the statistical tests of the correlation between on one hand the preparation and on the other hand the defense outcome and student perception. I used inductive thematic analysis of the open-ended survey questions to gain deeper insight in the way candidates prepared for their defense. I found that candidates most often prepare by making their presentation, reading their thesis, and practicing. The most effective measure is the mock defense, followed by a preparatory course. Reading blogs, books, and chapters is a less effective preparation measure. The conclusion of this work is that doctoral candidates need to understand the format of their defense in order to be able to prepare properly, and that universities should explore either individual pathways to the defense or pilots using a mock defense and/or preparatory course to give their doctoral candidates the necessary tools to prepare for their doctoral defense.
Assessment of Human Modification of Landscapes: Human Perceptions vs. Analytical Indices
Authors: Trombulak Stephen , Hegman William
Published: September 2021

We assessed how close human perceptions of landscape modification matched a multivariate index based on remotely sensed data of the same locations. Using a Human Footprint (HF) map of the continental U.S. (scaled 0-100), we created three series of aerial images, each with ten images distributed evenly across the 10 deciles of HF score. Using a web-based survey, 290 members of the global public ranked the images in one series based on their perception of the degree of human modification. Respondents also reported age, sex, and country. The degree of correspondence between rankings by respondents and by HF score was high, an average of 1.29 units of difference out of a maximum possible of 5.0. Differences among respondents were not explained by age, sex, or general geographic location. These results suggest that human perception of relative landscape modification conforms closely with the relative ranking made by a multivariate, analytical index.
A Social Recommendation Based on Metric Learning and Users’ Co-occurrence Pattern
Authors: Zhang Xin , Qin Jiwei , Zheng Jiong
Published: September 2021

For personalized recommender systems,matrix factorization and its variants have become mainstream in collaborative filtering.However,the dot product in matrix factorization does not satisfy the triangle inequality and therefore fails to capture fine-grained information. Metric learning-based models have been shown to be better at capturing fine-grained information than matrix factorization. Nevertheless,most of these models only focus on rating data and social information, which are not sufficient for dealing with the challenges of data sparsity. In this paper,we propose a metric learning-based social recommendation model called SRMC.SRMC exploits users' co-occurrence pattern to discover their potentially similar or dissimilar users with symmetric relationships and change their relative positions to achieve better recommendations.Experiments on three public datasets show that our model is more effective than the compared models.
Biomarkers of Angiogenesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Novel Sunshine Road
Authors: Pocino Krizia , Napodano Cecilia , Ciasca Gabriele , Marino Mariapaola , De Matthaeis Nicoletta , Miele Luca , Gulli Francesca , Saporito Raffaele , Rapaccini Gian Ludovico , Basile Umberto
Published: September 2021

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health problem associated with chronic liver disease. The pathogenesis of chronic liver disease varies according to the underlying etiological factor, although in most cases it develops from a liver cirrhosis. The worsening progression of liver disease is accompanied by pathological angiogenesis, which is a prerequisite that favors the development of HCC. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical utility of circulating angiogenic markers VEGF, Ang-1, Ang-2, the Angiopoietin receptor (Tie1/2), HGF and PECAM-1 to screen early onset patients and to follow the evolution of HCC. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 62 patients; 33 out of 62 subjects were diagnosed for HCC and 29/62 for liver cirrhosis of different etiology without signs of neoplasia. Patients underwent venous blood sampling before and after treatments for VEGF, Ang-1, Ang-2, Tie1, Tie2, HGF and PECAM-1 measurement. Results: Ang-1 and Ang-2 are detectable not only in patients already suffering from HCC but also in cirrhotic patients without signs of cancer. Patients with HCC show higher HGF concentrations than patients with cirrhosis. A significant reduction in serum levels of Ang-2, Ang-2/Ang-1 and Ca 19-9 after DAAs therapy was observed. Moreover, VEGF levels were increased after treatment of HCC. Conclusion: The preliminary study here presented confirms that the mechanism of tumor angiogenesis is very complex and involves a very large number of factors. The integration of different methodologies and multi-marker algorithms is likely to emerge for the early diagnosis of HCC and the monitoring of the risk of relapse.
Sparsely Connected Autoencoders: A Multi-Purpose Tool for Single Cell Omics Analysis
Authors: Alessandri Luca , Ratto Maria Luisa , Contaldo Sandro Gepiro , Beccuti Marco , Cordero Francesca , Arigoni Maddalena , Calogero Raffaele A.
Published: September 2021

Background: Biological processes are based on complex networks of cells and molecules. Single cell multi-OMICs is a new tool aiming to provide new incites in the complex network of events controlling the functionality of the cell.; Methods: Since single cell technologies provide many sample measurements, they are the ideal environment for the application of deep learning and machine learning approaches. An autoencoder (AE) is composed of an encoder and a decoder sub-model. AE are very powerful in data compression and noise removal. However, the decoder model remains a black box from which is impossible to depict the contribution of the single input elements. We have recently developed a new class of autoencoders, called Sparsely Connected Autoencoders (SCA), which have the advantage of providing a controlled association among the input layer and the decoder module. This new architecture has the benefit that the decoder model is no anymore a black box and it can be used to depict new biologically interesting features from single cell data; Results: In this paper, we show that SCA hidden layer can grab new information usually hidden in single cell data, like as providing clustering on meta-features difficult, i.e. transcription factors expression, or impossible, miRNA expression, to depict in single cell RNAseq data. Furthermore, a SCA representation of cell clusters has the advantage of simulating a conventional bulk RNAseq, which is a data transformation allowing the identification of similarity among independent experiments; Conclusions: In our opinion, SCA represent the bioinformatics version of a “Swiss Army knife” for the extraction of hidden knowledgeable features from single cell OMICs data.
Normal form of a binary polynomial in the critical point of the second order
Authors: Bruno Alexander Dmitrievich , Batkhin Alexander Borisovich
Published: September 2021

We consider a real polynomial of two variables. Its expansion in the vicinity of the zero singular point begins with the third degree form. We find its simplest forms to which this polynomial is reduced by reversible real local analytic coordinate substitutions. First, the normal forms for the cubic form are obtained using linear coordinate substitutions. There are three of them. Then three non-linear normal forms were obtained for the full polynomial. A simplification of the computation of the normal form is proposed. A meaningful example is considered.
Reconstruction Lighting Positions of a Scene for Mixed Reality Systems Using Convolutional Neural Network and Shadow Ray Tracing
Authors: Sorokin Maxim Igorevich , Zhdanov Dmitry Dmitrievich , Valiev Ildar Vagizovich
Published: September 2021

The paper examines the causes of visual discomfort in mixed reality systems and algorithmic solutions that eliminate one of the main causes of discomfort, namely, the mismatch between the lighting conditions of objects in the real and virtual worlds. To eliminate this cause of discomfort, the algorithm is proposed, which consists in constructing groups of shadow rays from points on the boundaries of shadows to points on the boundaries of objects. Part of the rays corresponding to the real lighting conditions form caustics in area of the real light source, which makes it possible to determine the source of illumination of virtual objects for their correct embedding into the mixed reality system. Convolutional neural networks and computer vision algorithms were used to classify shadows in the image. Examples of reconstructing the coordinates of a light source from RGBD data are presented.
Printed and e-book: problems of choice of modern students of the university
Authors: Budnyk Olena , Kachak Tetiana , Blyznyuk Tetyana , Rostykus Nadiia , Boiko Halyna
Published: September 2021

The article highlights the urgency of the problem of digitalization of education, substantiates the need to develop digital competence of young people in the context of using various electronic resources, technologies, the ability to be critical of the accuracy of information, competently use digital media to achieve personal, professional or social goals. The need for the development of reading competence in university students is emphasized. The study used methods of conceptual and comparative analysis, as well as psychodiagnostic and statistical methods. The results of an empirical study conducted in Ukrainian universities on the researched problem are presented. The positive and negative sides in the use of printed and electronic publications by modern students are given. Their preferences for using these sources to solve educational problems are revealed. The peculiarities of the development of readers’ interests of future specialists and the prospects of competition of the printed book with the electronic one are determined. According to the survey, it was found that respondents prefer e-books, they have more advantages in terms of practical application. It is investigated that for study they more often choose printed books, textbooks, which help them to focus more deeply on scientific information and to comprehend it critically (more than 70% of respondents). Emphasis on the importance in modern conditions of a successful combination in educational (professional) activities of electronic and printed publications.
Risk Management of Granola Potato Seeds Production: A Study in Kertasari, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Wulandari Eliana , Ernah Ernah , Hapsari Hepi , Hendra Amelia
Published: September 2021

The quality of potato seeds is important to support increased production. The majority of farmers do not certify potato seeds, which can result in various risks for potato seed production activities. This research aims to identify the risks of potato seed production and formulate risk control strategies for potato seeds production. The research uses house of risk method. The results of this study show thirty-nine identified risk events. The most impactful risk event was rotten potato. Thirty-two identified risk agents with two priorities must be handled first. The most effective ways in handling strategy are training, the certification of potato seed breeder farmers, potato seed certification, as well as purchasing breeder seeds from vegetable crop research center and from other seed breeders. This research suggests the needs to produce quality potato seeds by certifying potato seed and to update the competency certification of potato seed breeders.
Fruit Morphology, Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Salacca zalacca (Gaertner) Voss by Applications of Goat Manures and Bacillus velezensis B-27
Authors: Ilmiah Haviah Hafidhotul , Sulistyaningsih Endang , Joko Tri
Published: September 2021

Snake fruit (Salacca zalacca (Gaertner) Voss) is one of indigenous fruits from Southeast Asia that has been consumed for its antioxidant contents. Improving the fruit quality might increase its benefits for human health. This study aims to analyze fruit morphology, antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the fruit applied with goat manures and Bacillus velezensis B-27. The research used two-factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three blocks as replications. The first factor is the level of goat manure application i.e. 0 kg plant-1, 5 kg plant-1 and 10 kg plant-1, while the second factor is the bacteria application i.e. applied with Bacillus velezensis B-27 and without Bacillus velezensis B-27. The research was conducted in June until December 2019 at Turi, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Fruit length, diameter and shape were measured as morphology parameters. Antioxidant activities were measured using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, whereas flavonoid and phenolic contents were determined by the aluminium-chloride colorimetric and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, respectively. Means of each parameter were analyzed using ANOVA, continued with the Tukey’s HSD test at a 5% significance level. The result showed that the application of 10 kg goat manure per plant with bacteria increased the fruit length (76.78 mm) and the diameter (62.72 mm). Addition of 10 kg goat manure per-plant combined with Bacillus velezensis B-27 gave the highest antioxidant (IC50 of 37.83 µg.mL-1), flavonoid (5.35 mgGAE.100 g-1) and total phenolic contents (44 mgQE.100 g-1).
Seedling Growth Analysis of Papaya Cultivated on Several Planting Media Enriched by Plant Growth Promotor Microbes
Authors: Fatria Dewi , Sparta Andre , Emilda Deni , Hariyanto Bambang , Budiyanti Tri , Martias Martias , Istianto Mizu
Published: September 2021

There are factors contributed to the growth and development of fruit crop seedling. Microbes are well known as plant growth promotors such as symbiotic mycorrhizae and antagonist fungi, Trichoderma spp. The main objective of this experiment is to find out the best medium composition enriched by beneficial microbes to improve papaya seedling growth. The experiment was conducted at Sumani Experimental Station, Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute, Solok, West Sumatera, Indonesia from August until December 2017. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with ten treatments and three replicate blocks. The treatments were ten combinations of media for papaya seedling growth enriched by plant growth promotor microbes. In this experiment, medium soil with additional manure, rice husk charcoal and compost (single or combination) combined with mycorrhizae were used. Also, the effect of Trichoderma sp. enrichment into media composition were tested in this experiment. Treatments SCRMc and SCRMcT; with its complexity; were the best media composition to promote papaya seedling growth. These treatments resulted in best performance of plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves of papaya seedlings. The additional of Trichoderma sp. into medium did not show beneficial effect for all parameters in this experiment.
Determinants of Production and Income Risks of Rainfed Lowland Farming: A Case Study in Maros Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Arifin Arifin , Biba Muhammad Arsyad , Syafiuddin Syafiuddin
Published: September 2021

Rainfed lowland farming production is generally lower than irrigated lowland rice due to area differentiation regional features. Rainfed lowland rice farming can only produce rice during the rainy season because lowland rice cannot be planted in the dry season. The purposes of this study are (1) to analyze the risk of production and income of rice farming in rainfed lowland farming and (2) to investigate the factors influencing the risk of rice farming in rainfed lowland farming. Data were collected from 100 respondents of rice farmers in four sub-districts in Maros Regency using the multi-stage cluster random sampling technique. The analysis of production and income risks were performed using multiple linear regression with the heteroscedastic method. The results have shown that rice farming in rainfed lowland farming poses a risk to production and income. The variables that significantly influence the rainfed lowland rice farming are land area, the number of seeds, the amount of urea fertilizer and the amount of pesticide. Farmers are required to manage risk by prioritizing the effectiveness and efficiency production factors as needed. Similarly the government is expected to assist farmers in maintaining the level of rice selling prices.
Effect of the Different Soil Types on Chrysanthemum Cut Flower Quality
Authors: Shintiavira Herni , Sulistyaningsih Endang , Purwantoro Aziz , Wulandari Rani Agustina
Published: September 2021

Cultivating annual crops in the high upland has the potential to increase avalanche and land erosion. Therefore, chrysanthemum extensification from high upland to medium upland can create sustainable agriculture. The differences between high upland and medium upland are microclimate and soil type. Meanwhile, the effect of soil type between the high upland and the medium upland on the chrysanthemum spray type quality is unknown. The study aimed to determine the effect of different soil types on the quality of chrysanthemums when planted in high upland. The study used a split plot design with two factors. The first factor was the type of soil, such as Andosol from the high upland and Latosol from the medium upland. The second factor was the chrysanthemum varieties, such as Yastayuki (white flower), Arosuka Pelangi (yellow flower) and Socakawani (red flower). The results showed that both Andosol and Latosol soil types could produce the same quality of chrysanthemum in all varieties when planted in high upland. The quality aspects of chrysanthemum were the plant height, the stem diameter, the number of flowers and flower color. Consequently, we could extend the cultivation of chrysanthemum in medium upland by using Latosol type soil.
Urban Expansion and Its Effect on Agricultural Technology Adoption of Smallholder Peri-Urban Farmers in Tigray Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Weldearegay Shishay Kahsay , Tefera Mesay Mulugeta , Feleke Solomon Tsehay
Published: September 2021

In the rapidly growing world, where farming land is shrinking due to horizontal urban expansion and development-induced projects, agricultural productivity should grow by 70% to meet food needs. Spatial urban expansion in developing countries, not exceptional to Ethiopia, puts immense pressure by taking peri-urban fertile agricultural land for the purpose of development. This paper examines whether urban expansion increases or decreases the agricultural technology adoption capacity of smallholder peri-urban farmers. Households were clustered into displaced and non-displaced, and data were collected from 341 households, 101 of whom were displaced and 240 households were non-displaced. Descriptive statistics and econometric model were employed to explore the role of urban expansion in technology adoption of smallholder peri-urban farmers. The multivariate probit result shows that urban expansion decreases the tendency of displaced smallholder peri-urban farmers to participate in irrigation and adoption of a generator but urban expansion does not increase or decrease displaced households’ tendency to adopt beehive and practice row sawing. Generally, urban expansion decreases the affinity of smallholder peri-urban farmers to adopt agricultural technologies. Therefore, policymakers, particularly the Bureau of Agriculture should intensively work and train displaced smallholder peri-urban farmers on the benefit of agricultural technologies to improve agricultural productivity and use the remaining plot of farmland sustainably. Besides strong monitoring and follow-up are required to avert the negative ramifications of development-induced displacement.
Mini Special Issue on NIED Frontier Research on Science and Technology for Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience 2021
Authors: Hayashi Haruo , Fujiwara Hiroyuki
Published: September 2021

We are very pleased to publish this Mini Special Issue, dedicated to NIED Frontier Research on Science and Technology for Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience 2021. Three papers and one survey report are included.

Miura et al. indicate the scope of disaster prevention covered by the new courses of study in the field of disaster prevention. By visualizing the contents of classification and analysis, they propose how to handle the scope of disaster prevention in disaster prevention learning in consideration of the comprehensiveness to solve the problems. In the second paper, a case study on flood damage in Hitoyoshi, Kumamoto Prefecture, Mizui and Fujiwara analyze a method of immediately determining the amount of waste disposal work and the number of residents and disaster volunteers required in the event of a disaster. Fujiwara et al. study the feasibility of estimating damage to large-spanned building structures by conducting shake table tests on a small gymnasium model with simulated damage and measuring the natural frequencies and mode shapes. Onoue et al., in a work published as a survey report, present a method for analyzing slope displacement by using the distance image data of a depth camera. They indicate the possibility of detecting minute changes that can precede slope failure.

We hope this issue provides information useful to all readers who study natural disasters.
Changes in the Dynamic Characteristics of a Small-Scale Gymnasium Model Due to Simulated Earthquake Damage
Authors: Fujiwara Jun , Kishida Akiko , Aoki Takashi , Enokida Ryuta , Kajiwara Koichi ,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) 1501-21 Nishikameya, Mitsuda, Shijimi, Miki, Hyogo 673-0515, Japan,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED), Ibaraki, Japan,   International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
Published: September 2021

In this study, the authors used shake-table tests to assess the modal parameters of a small-scale gymnasium model with simulated damage, the feasibility of estimating the damage to large-span building structures was studied. In Japan, large-span structures, such as gymnasiums, are expected to be used as evacuation shelters when a natural disaster occurs. As the shelter itself may be damaged in case of an earthquake, it is critical to determine whether damage has occurred, where it occurred, and how serious it is, before the shelter is used. The small-scale gymnasium was designed based on the similarity rule. Observed earthquake ground motions scaled to aftershock levels were applied to the model. The natural frequencies and mode shapes were obtained from the measured response accelerations. To study the influence of structural damage on the modal parameters, a gymnasium model with simulated damage was also tested. The results indicate that the modal parameters, e.g., natural frequencies and mode shapes, can be obtained from the response accelerations, and the damage patterns can be estimated from the changes in these modal parameters.
Knowledge Creation for Community Resilience (KCCR): A Conceptual Model
Authors: Oktari Rina Suryani , Munadi Khairul , Idroes Rinaldi , Sofyan Hizir ,   Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala Jl. Tgk. Syech Abdul Rauf, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia,   Tsunami & Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC), Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia,   Graduate School of Mathematics and Applied Science, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia,   Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia,   Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Published: September 2021

The lack of adequate knowledge sharing and knowledge creation about disasters and climate change has been identified as a reason behind the unsatisfactory performance of climate-adaptation and disaster-management practices. This study aimed to identify the critical factors in knowledge creation in order to improve community resilience and propose a conceptual model. The main objectives of this study were to i) identify the key factors supporting the creation of knowledge, ii) identify the key factors promoting community resilience, and iii) develop a conceptual model to improve community resilience based on knowledge creation. This study used both quantitative and qualitative methods. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in four coastal subdistricts in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. A total of 300 samples were obtained from among respondents living in the coastal area using a purposive random sampling technique. The paper presents a literature review exploring theories and concepts concerning the factors supporting knowledge creation as a way to increase community resilience. A conceptual framework is then generated based on the results of field surveys and prior studies. The knowledge-level survey results indicate a need to develop a community resilience framework based on Knowledge Creation Theory as the foundation for decision making and ensure the transmission of knowledge across generations. This study proposes a conceptual model of Knowledge Creation for Community Resilience (KCCR).
Comparison of the Initial Overseas Evacuation Operations Due to COVID-19: A Focus on Asian Countries
Authors: Leelawat Natt , Tang Jing , Krutphong Kodchakorn , Chaichanasiri Suwajo , Kanno Taro , Li Chen-Wei , Le Lien Thi Quynh , Dung Ho Quic , Saengtabtim Kumpol , Laosunthara Ampan ,   Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University  254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand,   Disaster and Risk Management Information Systems Research, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,   Risk and Disaster Management Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,   International School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,   Department of Systems Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,   ALMEC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan,   University of Economics, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam,   School of Engineering and Technology, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
Published: September 2021

During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, state governments all over the world were forced to respond to the crisis, prioritizing not only inbound activities but also their citizens abroad. Our study focused on the reasons for the differences in the evacuation operations, procedures, and outcomes in each country. This study focused on Asian countries/territories that experienced the pandemic earlier than other regions, to compare their prompt evacuation processes between January and May, 2020. Data on the evacuation missions and COVID-19 situation in each studied country/territory were collected. The evacuation operations were reviewed and analyzed using the Business Process Model and Notation to identify the differences that made some of the operations more effective. The insight can contribute to future adaptation and development to implement more effective operations during the emergency response to a pandemic.
The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Gardener Tree Steward Manual
Authors:   Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Gardener Program
Published: September 2021

The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Gardener Tree Steward Manual is an open educational handbook designed to aid Extension Master Gardeners training to be tree stewards, though it is also an appropriate resource for anyone interested in learning about trees and tree care. The book contains information about selecting and planting appropriate trees for Virginia landscapes, caring for trees, and troubleshooting tree problems.
Autonomous Transport Innovation (ATI) : integration of autonomous electric vehicles into a tactical microgrid
Authors: Rolufs Angela , Trout Amelia , Palmer Kevin , Boriack Clark , Brilhart Bryan , Stumpf Annette
Published: September 2021

The objective of the Autonomous Transport Innovation (ATI) technical research program is to investigate current gaps and challenges then develop solutions to integrate emerging electric transport vehicles, vehicle autonomy, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) charging and microgrid technologies with military legacy equipment. The ATI research area objectives are to: identify unique military requirements for autonomous transportation technologies; identify currently available technologies that can be adopted for military applications and validate the suitability of these technologies to close need gaps; identify research and operational tests for autonomous transport vehicles; investigate requirements for testing and demonstrating of bidirectional vehicle charging within a tactical environment; develop requirements for a sensored, living laboratory that will be used to assess the performance of autonomous innovations; and integrate open standards to promote interoperability and broad-platform compatibility. The research performed resulted in an approach to develop a sensored, living laboratory with operational testing capability to assess the safety, utility, interoperability, and resiliency of autonomous electric transport and V2G technologies in a tactical microgrid. The living laboratory will support research and assessment of emerging technologies and determine the prospect for implementation in defense transport operations and contingency base energy resilience.
Advanced Seismic Data Interpretation for Carbonate Targets Based on Optimized Processing Techniques
Authors: Fischer Klaus C. , Möller Ulrich , Marschall Roland
Published: September 2021

Seismic data from the shelf area of the Cretaceous Shu’aiba Formation in Abu Dhabi is used to investigate stratigraphic and structural seismic anomalies. The data consists of a 2-D grid of seismic lines, acquired in the late 1980s and 1993. The data was reprocessed in several phases. The first phase consists of standard time domain processing upto final Dip Move Out stack and migration. In the second phase, a macro-velocity model for post-stack depth migration is generated and tested by the interpreters. The third phase is the interpretation of the pre-stack depth migration stack. Due to the structural irregularity of the Shu’aiba Formation, the pre-stack depth migrated data is considered the most reliable for Amplitude Versus Offset analysis. Further steps are L-1 deconvolution followed by Born Inversion. These last steps are required before the lithology can be modeled with high-resolution. The final lithological model is verified by applying forward modeling. The lithological model forms the basis for reservoir and geostatistical evaluations which account for heterogeneities.