bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroimaging in the Oldest-Old: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Woodworth Davis C. , Scambray Kiana A. , Corrada María M. , Kawas Claudia H. , Sajjadi S. Ahmad
Published: May 2021

The oldest-old, those 85 years and older, are the fastest growing segment of the population and present with the highest prevalence of dementia. Given the importance of neuroimaging measures to understand aging and dementia, the objective of this study was to review neuroimaging studies performed in oldest-old participants. We used PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science search engines to identify in vivo CT, MRI, and PET neuroimaging studies either performed in the oldest-old or that addressed the oldest-old as a distinct group in analyses. We identified 60 studies and summarized the main group characteristics and findings. Generally, oldest-old participants presented with greater atrophy compared to younger old participants, with most studies reporting a relatively stable constant decline in brain volumes over time. Oldest-old participants with greater global atrophy and atrophy in key brain structures such as the medial temporal lobe were more likely to have dementia or cognitive impairment. The oldest-old presented with a high burden of white matter lesions, which were associated with various lifestyle factors and some cognitive measures. Amyloid burden as assessed by PET, while high in the oldest-old compared to younger age groups, was still predictive of transition from normal to impaired cognition, especially when other adverse neuroimaging measures (atrophy and white matter lesions) were also present. While this review highlights past neuroimaging research in the oldest-old, it also highlights the dearth of studies in this important population. It is imperative to perform more neuroimaging studies in the oldest-old to better understand aging and dementia.
Topology reconstructure for power systems based on transient dynamics: A sparse recovery perspective
Authors: Ma Zhefei , Liang Feiling , Xiao Yong , Zhao Yun , Xu Di
Published: May 2021

Aiming at the traditional topology identification based on steady-state operation, a topology identification method considering power system transient data is proposed. Firstly, the power system is dynamically modeled. Through theoretical derivation, the feature vectors that can reflect the topology information are extracted, and the topology identification problem is transformed into a sparse vector recovery problem. Based on compressive sensing theory, the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm is adopted to solve the sparse recovery problem. Since the identification process is bidirectional, there may be some identification conflicts. For this consideration, an optimization strategy is introduced to improve the original algorithm. The influence of each algorithm parameter on the topology identification performance is then studied. By considering the transient process, a large amount of effective identification data was obtained in only a few processes. Finally, a simulation test on the proposed algorithm on the IEEE standard 22-bus power distribution system is conducted. The results show that the improved algorithm has outperformed the traditional algorithm.
Improved ANFIS based MRAC observer for sensorless control of PMSM
Authors: Suryakant  , Sreejeth Mini , Singh Madhusudan
Published: May 2021

Detection of the rotor position is an important prerequisite for controlling the speed and developed torque in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Even though use of incremental encoder and resolver is one of the popular schemes for sensing the rotor position in a PMSM drive, it increases the size and weight of the drive and reduces its reliability. Dynamic modeling of the motor and control algorithms are often used in sensor-less control of PMSM to estimate rotor position and motor speed. Most sensor-less control algorithms use machine parameters like torque constant, stator inductances and stator resistance for estimating the rotor position and speed. However, with accuracy of such estimation and the performance of the motor degrades with variation in motor parameters. Model reference adaptive control (MRAC) provides a simple solution to this issue. An improved Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) based MRAC observer for speed control of PMSM drive is presented in this paper. In the proposed method adaptive model and adaptive mechanism are replaced by an improved ANFIS controller, which neutralize the effect of parametric variation and results in improved performance of the drive. The modeling equations of PMSM are used to estimate the rotor position for speed and torque control of the drive. Simulation studies have been carried out under various operating condition using MATLAB/Simulink. In addition, a comparative analysis of the conventional MRAC based observer and improved ANFIS based MRAC observer is carried out. It is observed that the proposed method results in better performance of the PMSM drive.
A method for efficient clustering of spatial data in network space
Authors: Nguyen Trang T.D. , Nguyen Loan T.T. , Nguyen Anh , Yun Unil , Vo Bay
Published: May 2021

Spatial clustering is one of the main techniques for spatial data mining and spatial data analysis. However, existing spatial clustering methods primarily focus on points distributed in planar space with the Euclidean distance measurement. Recently, NS-DBSCAN has been developed to perform clustering of spatial point events in Network Space based on a well-known clustering algorithm, named Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN). The NS-DBSCAN algorithm has efficiently solved the problem of clustering network constrained spatial points. When compared to the NC_DT (Network-Constraint Delaunay Triangulation) clustering algorithm, the NS-DBSCAN algorithm efficiently solves the problem of clustering network constrained spatial points by visualizing the intrinsic clustering structure of spatial data by constructing density ordering charts. However, the main drawback of this algorithm is when the data are processed, objects that are not specifically categorized into types of clusters cannot be removed, which is undeniably a waste of time, particularly when the dataset is large. In an attempt to have this algorithm work with great efficiency, we thus recommend removing edges that are longer than the threshold and eliminating low-density points from the density ordering table when forming clusters and also take other effective techniques into consideration. In this paper, we develop a theorem to determine the maximum length of an edge in a road segment. Based on this theorem, an algorithm is proposed to greatly improve the performance of the density-based clustering algorithm in network space (NS-DBSCAN). Experiments using our proposed algorithm carried out in collaboration with Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam yield the same results but shows an advantage of it over NS-DBSCAN in execution time.
Classification of papillary thyroid carcinoma histological images based on deep learning
Authors: Liu Yaning , Han Lin , Wang Hexiang , Yin Bo
Published: May 2021

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a common carcinoma in thyroid. As many benign thyroid nodules have the papillary structure which could easily be confused with PTC in morphology. Thus, pathologists have to take a lot of time on differential diagnosis of PTC besides personal diagnostic experience and there is no doubt that it is subjective and difficult to obtain consistency among observers. To address this issue, we applied deep learning to the differential diagnosis of PTC and proposed a histological image classification method for PTC based on the Inception Residual convolutional neural network (IRCNN) and support vector machine (SVM). First, in order to expand the dataset and solve the problem of histological image color inconsistency, a pre-processing module was constructed that included color transfer and mirror transform. Then, to alleviate overfitting of the deep learning model, we optimized the convolution neural network by combining Inception Network and Residual Network to extract image features. Finally, the SVM was trained via image features extracted by IRCNN to perform the classification task. Experimental results show effectiveness of the proposed method in the classification of PTC histological images.
A novel hybrid approach for product concept evaluation based on rough numbers, shannon entropy and TOPSIS-PSI
Authors: Chen Zhe , Zhong Peisi , Liu Mei , Sun Hongyuan , Shang Kai
Published: May 2021

This work aims to help the designers to make decisions in the early stage of new product development. Design concept evaluation is very critical in design process, it may affect the later stages. However, facing to uncertain circumstance, mostly, the raw data in early stage are subjective and imprecise. This work proposes a novel approach to solve this problem. The whole work is based on rough numbers, Shannon entropy, technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution method and preference selection index method. Firstly, rough numbers and Shannon entropy are integrated to determine the weight of evaluation criteria based on their interrelationships. After that, a novel technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution method improved by rough numbers and preference selection index method is proposed to evaluate and rank the alternatives. Then, a comparative case is carried out with proposed method and two other methods in this study. The comparation of evaluation processes indicates that the proposed method’s advantage. Compared the other methods, proposed approach is objective, simple and do not need additional input. The results of three methods are similar. It means that the proposed method is not only effective and efficient in design concept evaluation, but also can save time and cost in the early stage of new product development.
Research on image classification method of strip steel surface defects based on improved Bat algorithm optimized BP neural network
Authors: Yue Xiaofeng , Ma Guoyuan , Liu Fuqiuxuan , Gao Xueliang
Published: May 2021

Due to the complexity and variety of textures on Strip steel, it is very difficult to detect defects on rigid surfaces. This paper proposes a metal surface defect classification method based on an improved bat algorithm to optimize BP neural network. First, this paper uses the Local Binary Pattern(LBP) algorithm to extract features from six types of defect images including inclusion, patches, crazing, pitted, rolled-in, and scratches, and build a feature sample library with the extracted feature values. Then, the WG-BA-BP network is used to classify the defect images with different characteristics. The weighted experience factor added by the network can control the flight speed of the bat according to the number of iterations and the change of the fitness function. And the gamma distribution is added in the process of calculating loudness, which enhances the local searchability. The BP network optimized by this method has higher accuracy. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of the method, this article introduces the five evaluation indicators of accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 value under the multi-class model. To prove that this algorithm is more feasible and effective compared with other swarm intelligence algorithms. The best prediction performance of WG-BA-BP is 0.010905, and the accuracy rate can reach 0.9737.
Mutations in GBA and LRRK2 Are Not Associated with Increased Inflammatory Markers
Authors: Thaler Avner , Omer Nurit , Giladi Nir , Gurevich Tanya , Bar-Shira Anat , Gana-Weisz Mali , Goldstein Orly , Kestenbaum Meir , Shirvan Julia C. , Cedarbaum Jesse M. , Orr-Urtreger Avi , Regev Keren , Shenhar-Tsarfaty Shani , Mirelman Anat
Published: May 2021

Background: Inflammation is an integral part of neurodegeneration including in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Ashkenazi Jews have high rates of genetic PD with divergent phenotypes among GBA-PD and LRRK2-PD. The role of inflammation in the prodromal phase of PD and the association with disease phenotype has yet to be elucidated. Objective: To assess central and peripheral cytokines among PD patients with mutations in the LRRK2 and GBA genes and among non-manifesting carriers (NMC) of these mutations in order to determine the role of inflammation in genetic PD. Methods: The following cytokines were assessed from peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and INF- γ. A comprehensive intake including general medical conditions, use of anti-inflammatory treatments, motor and cognitive assessments and additional laboratory measures were recorded, enabling the construction of the MDS probable prodromal score. Results: Data from 362 participants was collected: 31 idiopathic PD (iPD), 30 LRRK2-PD, 77 GBA-PD, 3 homozygote GBA-PD, 3 GBA-LRRK2-PD, 67 LRRK2-NMC, 105 GBA-NMC, 14 LRRK2-GBA-NMC, and 32 healthy controls. No between-group differences in peripheral or CSF cytokines were detected. No correlation between disease characteristics or risk for prodromal PD could be associated with any inflammatory measure. Conclusion: In this study, we could not detect any evidence on dysregulated immune response among GBA and LRRK2 PD patients and non-manifesting mutation carriers.
Solvent and temperature effects on the tautomerization of a carbonitrile molecule: A conductor-like polarizable continuum model (CPCM) study
Authors: Khanjari Zohreh , Mohtat Bita , Ghiasi Reza , Djahaniani Hoorieh , Behbahani Farahnaz Kargar
Published: May 2021

This research examined the effects of solvent polarity and temperature on the tautomerization of a carbonitrile molecule at CAM-B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) level of theory. The selected solvents were n-hexane, diethyl ether, pyridine, ethanol, methanol, and water. The solvent effects were examined by the self-consistent reaction field theory (SCRF) based on conductor-like polarizable continuum model (CPCM). The solvent effects were explored on the energy barrier, frontier orbitals energies, and HOMO-LUMO gap. Dependencies of thermodynamic parameters ( ΔG and ΔH) on the dielectric constants of solvents were also tested. Specifically, the temperature dependencies of the thermodynamics parameters were studied within 100–1000 K range. The rate constant of the tautomerism reaction was computed from 300 to 1200 K, in the gas phase.
An action-observation/motor-imagery based approach to differentiate disorders of consciousness: what is beneath the tip of the iceberg?
Authors: Naro Antonino , Pignolo Loris , Lucca Lucia Francesca , Calabrò Rocco Salvatore
Published: May 2021

Background:

The evaluation of motor imagery in persons with prolonged Disorders of Consciousness (pDOC) is a practical approach to differentiate between patients with Minimally Conscious State (MCS) and Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (UWS) and to identify residual awareness even in individuals with UWS. Investigating the influence of motor observation on motor imagery could be helpful in this regard.

Objective:

In order to corroborate the clinical diagnosis and identify misdiagnosed individuals, we used EEG recordings, to assess the influence of the low-level perceptual and motoric mechanisms on motor observation on motor imagery, taking into account the role of the high-level cognitive mechanisms in patients with pDOC.

Methods:

We assessed the influence of motor observation of walking in first-person or third-person view (by a video provision) on motor imagery of walking in the first-person view on the visual N190 (expression of motor observation processing), the readiness potential (RP) (expressing motor preparation), and the P3 component (high-level cognitive processes) in a sample of 10 persons with MCS, 10 with UWS, and 10 healthy controls (CG). Specifically, the video showed a first-view or third-view walk down the street while the participants were asked to imagine a first-view walking down the street.

Results:

CG showed greater N190 response (low-level sensorimotor processing) in the non-matching than in the matching condition. Conversely, the P3 and RP responses (high-level sensorimotor processing) were greater in the matching than in the non-matching condition. Remarkably, 6 out of 10 patients with MCS showed the preservation of both high- and low-level sensorimotor processing. One UWS patient showed responses similar to those six patients, suggesting a preservation of cognitively-mediated sensorimotor processing despite a detrimental motor preparation process. The remaining patients with MCS did not show diversified EEG responses, suggesting limited cognitive functioning.

Conclusions:

Our study suggests that identifying the low-level visual and high-level motor preparation processes in response to a simple influence of motor observation of motor imagery tasks potentially supports the clinical differential diagnosis of with MCS and UWS. This might help identify UWS patients which were misdiagnosed and who deserve more sophisticated diagnoses.
Using supervised machine learning to identify efficient blocking schemes for record linkage
Authors: Campbell Scott R. , Resnick Dean M. , Cox Christine S. , Mirel Lisa B.
Published: May 2021

Record linkage enables survey data to be integrated with other data sources, expanding the analytic potential of both sources. However, depending on the number of records being linked, the processing time can be prohibitive. This paper describes a case study using a supervised machine learning algorithm, known as the Sequential Coverage Algorithm (SCA). The SCA was used to develop the join strategy for two data sources, the National Center for Health Statistics’ (NCHS) 2016 National Hospital Care Survey (NHCS) and the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Enrollment Database (EDB), during record linkage. Due to the size of the CMS data, common record joining methods (i.e. blocking) were used to reduce the number of pairs that need to be evaluated to identify the vast majority of matches. NCHS conducted a case study examining how the SCA improved the efficiency of blocking. This paper describes how the SCA was used to design the blocking used in this linkage.
Population and Housing Censuses: An overdue and old-fashioned instrument or still a modern, severely needed and steadfast tool?
Authors: Durr Jean-Michel
Published: May 2021

Following the release of the special issue of the Statistical Journal of the IAOS on Population and Housing Census, a platform was opened to discuss several topics related to the census, such as the definition of the census, the methodologies and technologies used to conduct a population and housing census. In particular, in a context of increasing access to administrative data, the relevance of the traditional census was discussed, in regard to its huge cost. Finally, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the censuses planed for the years 2020 and 2021 was raised as monitored by international organisations.
Study on the effect of different blood flow velocities of pulmonary vein on endocardial microwave ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Zhang Meng , Cheng Yanyan , Liu Hongxing , Nan Qun
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE: To cure atrial fibrillation, the maximum ablation depth (⩾ 50∘C) should exceed the myocardial thickness to achieve the effect of transmural ablation. The blood flow of pulmonary vein in the endocardium can cause the change in the myocardial temperature distribution. Therefore, the study investigated the effect of different pulmonary vein blood flow velocities on the endocardial microwave ablation. METHODS: The finite element model of the endocardial microwave ablation of pulmonary vein was simulated by electromagnetic thermal flow coupling. The ablation power was 30 W and the ablation time was within 30 s. The blood flow in the coupling of fluid mechanics equation and heat transfer equation results in the heat damage. Furthermore, the cause of the different lesion dimensions is the blood flow velocity. The flow velocities were set as 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.07, 0.12, 0.16, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 m/s. RESULTS: When the flow velocities were 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.07, 0.12, 0.16, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 m/s, the maximum ablation depth were 6.00, 5.56, 5.16, 5.12, 5.04, 5.01, 4.98, 4.96 and 4.94 mm, respectively; the maximum ablation width were 12.53, 9.63, 9.23, 9.16, 9.07, 9.05, 8.94, 8.91 and 8.90 mm, respectively; the maximum ablation length were 12.00, 11.61, 8.98, 8.59, 8.37, 8.23, 8.16, 8.06 and 8.04 mm respectively. To achieve transmural ablation, the time was 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4 s, respectively when the myocardial thickness was 2 mm; the time was 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9 s, respectively when 3 mm; the time was 15, 16, 18, 19, 19, 20, 20, 20, 20 s, respectively when 4 mm. CONCLUSIONS: When the velocity increases from 0 m/s to 0.3 m/s, the microwave lesion depth decreases by 1.06 mm. To achieve transmural ablation, when the myocardial thickness is 2 mm, 3 and 4 s should be taken when the velocity is 0–0.12 and 0.12–0.30 m/s, respectively; when the myocardial thickness is 3 mm, 7, 8 and 9 s should be taken when 0, 0–0.07 and 0.07–0.30 m/s respectively; when the myocardial thickness is 4 mm, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20 s should be taken when 0, 0–0.02, 0.02–0.05, 0.05–0.12, 0.12 m/s–0.30 m/s.
Identifying research gaps: A review of virtual patient education and self-management
Authors: Brucker-Kley Elke , Kleinberger Ulla , Keller Thomas , Christen Jonas , Keller-Senn Anita , Koppitz Andrea
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Avatars in Virtual Reality (VR) can not only represent humans, but also embody intelligent software agents that communicate with humans, thus enabling a new paradigm of human-machine interaction. OBJECTIVE: The research agenda proposed in this paper by an interdisciplinary team is motivated by the premise that a conversation with a smart agent avatar in VR means more than giving a face and body to a chatbot. Using the concrete communication task of patient education, this research agenda is rather intended to explore which patterns and practices must be constructed visually, verbally, para- and nonverbally between humans and embodied machines in a counselling context so that humans can integrate counselling by an embodied VR smart agent into their thinking and acting in one way or another. METHODS: The scientific literature in different bibliographical databases was reviewed. A qualitative narrative approach was applied for analysis. RESULTS: A research agenda is proposed which investigates how recurring consultations of patients with healthcare professionals are currently conducted and how they could be conducted with an embodied smart agent in immersive VR. CONCLUSIONS: Interdisciplinary teams consisting of linguists, computer scientists, visual designers and health care professionals are required which need to go beyond a technology-centric solution design approach. Linguists’ insights from discourse analysis drive the explorative experiments to identify test and discover what capabilities and attributes the smart agent in VR must have, in order to communicate effectively with a human being.
Supine lying center of pressure movement characteristics as a predictor of normal developmental stages in early infancy
Authors: Wang Junsig , Siddicky Safeer F. , Johnson Tara , Kapil Namarta , Majmudar Bittu , Mannen Erin M.
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Absent or abnormal fidgety movements in young infants are associated with subsequent diagnoses of developmental disorders such as cerebral palsy. The General Movement Assessment (GMA) is a qualitative clinical tool to visually identify infants with absent or abnormal fidgety movements associated with developmental stage, yet no quantitative measures exist to detect fidgety activity. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a correlation exists between quantitative Center of Pressure (CoP) measurements during supine lying and age. METHODS: Twenty-four healthy full-term infants participated in the Institutional Review Board-approved study. Participants were placed supine in view of a GoPro camera on an AMTI force plate for two minutes. Spontaneous movements were evaluated by three trained raters using the GMA. Traditional CoP parameters (range, total path length, mean velocity, and mean acceleration of resultant CoP) were assessed, and complexity of each of the resultant CoP variables (location, velocity, and acceleration) was calculated by sample entropy. Linear regression with Pearson correlation was performed to assess the correlations between the CoP parameters and adjusted age. RESULTS: Nineteen infants were deemed fidgety per the GMA and were included in further analyses. All Sample entropy measures and range of resultant CoP had significant correlations with adjusted age (p< 0.05). Sample entropy of resultant CoP decreased with increasing age while range of resultant CoP increased with increasing age. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that complexity of CoP and range of CoP are good predictors of age in typical developing infants during the fidgety period. Therefore, an approach using these parameters should be explored further as a quantifiable tool to identify infants at risk for neurodevelopmental impairment.
Opportunities to enhance collective activity to meet the demands of a task: A case of job rotation among port workers
Authors: Motter Arlete Ana , Silva Daniel , Santos Marta
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE: This article aims to demonstrate the ways in which port workers collectively respond to task demands, work organization and functional turnover instituted in a Portuguese port. METHODS: Based on both the theoretical debate on the cooperative aspects during the performance of the activity and the contextual research matrix of the activity ergonomics, the investigation conducted focused on the room for maneuvering that is assigned to the work teams and, more specifically, how collective action materializes more visibly in the elaboration of new rules of action with a view to the arbitration between the preservation of health, the guarantee of safety and the response to the required performance levels. RESULTS: The results of the analysis of port activity make evident the development of a high degree of operational synchronization between the professional skills articulated in the team, specialized communication in certain work subprocesses, and strategies for collective surveillance of risks.
Pulsed X-ray source with the pulse duration of 50 ns and the peak power of 70 MW for capturing moving objects
Authors: Komarskiy Alexander Alexandrovich , Korzhenevskiy Sergey Romanovich , Ponomarev Andrey Viktorovich , Komarov Nikita Alexandrovich
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND:

Traditionally, X-ray systems for capturing moving objects consist of a continuous X-ray source and a detector that operates at a predetermined frame rate.

OBJECTIVE:

This study investigates the possibility of using pulsed X-ray source with an inductive energy storage device and a semiconductor opening switch for shooting moving objects.

METHODS:

The study uses a high-voltage pulse generator that has the following parameters namely, the pulse voltage amplitude up to 320 kV, the pulse current up to 240 A, the current pulse duration of about 50 ns, and the pulse repetition rate up to 2 kHz. The duration and intensity of glow for standard CsI:Tl and Gd2O2S:Tb X-ray phosphors after their irradiation with X-ray flashes of about 50 ns duration are investigated. After X-ray radiation is converted into light, the signal is recorded using semiconductor detectors. We acquired several images of an object moving at a speed of about 20 m/s. A semiconductor detector with phosphor, which operates in the mode of continuous signal accumulation, is used.

RESULTS:

When using the pulsed X-ray source and phosphors with a short afterglow, the individual frames can be obtained at the pulse repetition rate of several kilohertz, and the detector does not contain the residual luminescence from the previous frame by the arrival of the next frame.

CONCLUSIONS:

The X-ray source shows good pulse-to-pulse reproducibility of X-rays, and can be used to capture objects in motion at a frame rate of several kHz.
Validation of technological process of preparation hymoding cream with hyaluronic acid
Authors: Ярних Т. Г. , Мельник Г. М. , Рухмакова О. А.
Published: May 2021

To date, in the mass production of medicines both in pharmaceutical companies and in pharmacies, more and more attention is paid to the practice of process validation. Validation is a key condition for the implementation of Good Manufacturing (GMP) and Pharmacy (GPP) practices, the standards of which are mandatory for medicines worldwide and in Ukraine.

The aim of the work – validation of the technological process of preparation extemporaneous hymoding cream with hyaluronic acid in order to obtain documentary evidence of effective reproduction of the preparation of this medicine.

The study design is based on research on the development of dosage form technology, analysis of the impact of critical manufacturing points and evaluation of their impact on the final quality of the cream, taking into account the requirements of GPP. The object of validation is the technological process of preparation hymoding cream with hyaluronic acid. The validation procedure was performed on 3 experimental batches of the medicine.

In order to check and optimize the selected technological process of preparation hymoding cream in pharmacies, its validation was carried out. According to the calculated quantities of the components of the studied cream, as well as the identified critical parameters, three batches of the medicine of 100.00 g were developed. On the series of cream, the optimization of technological parameters, testing of critical parameters for all planned stages of production with the definition of eligibility criteria and validation scheme was carried out. Acceptance criteria for all critical parameters were determined during the optimization of technology on batches of the studied medicine. The general risk assessment was carried out at the stage of pharmaceutical development according to the procedure «identification – analysis – risk assessment» to determine the scheme of validation work on batches of the medicine. During the technological process, critical indicators were checked and appropriate forms were filled out.

A study on the validation of the technological process of preparation hymoding cream with hyaluronic acid in pharmacies was performed. Documentary evidence of effective reproduction of the manufacture of this medicine has been obtained. A comprehensive analysis of the developed manufacturing process makes it possible to identify critical control points that minimize the occurrence of possible risks in the manufacture of the investigated medicine. According to the results of the research, it can be concluded that the developed cream with hyaluronic acid meets the requirements of State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine in all quality indicators, which allows to recommend it for use in dermatology.
Development of the composition and technology of the curative preventive toothpaste with antimicrobial and deodorating properties
Authors: Гудзь Н. І. , Власенко І. О.
Published: May 2021

The significant prevalence of diseases of the oral cavity predetermine the relevance of preventive means aimed at maintaining the dental health of the population. The application of toothpastes and elixirs with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and deodorant properties improves the condition of the oral cavity, and is also one of the means for the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease and halitosis.

The aim of the work was to develop the composition and laboratory technology of curative and prophylactic toothpaste and to study the indicators of its quality.

Research materials: carbopol, xanthan gum, propolis tincture, bee bread tincture, thyme essential oil, xylitol, sorbitol, and a sample of toothpaste. Pharmacological-technical methods, potentiometric and alkalimetric study methods were used.

In order to develop the composition of a toothpaste, requirements of the current regulatory documents for the composition and characteristics of toothpastes were analyzed. The composition and quantity of components for the curative and prophylactic toothpaste have been theoretically substantiated. Carbopol and xanthan gum were used as gelling agents. Calcium carbonate was chosen as the abrasive basis of the toothpaste, which helps to remove plaque from the tooth enamel. Such polyhydric alcohols as sorbitol, glycerin, xylitol and propylene glycol were used as plasticizers. Considering the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and radioprotective properties of propolis tincture and bee bread tincture, they were incorporated in the toothpaste composition. The technology of laboratory batches of toothpaste was based on the general principles of obtaining suspension gels and pastes. The quality of the toothpastes was controlled for organoleptic and physicochemical indicators in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory documents.

The theoretical and experimental justification of the composition of the curative and prophylactic toothpaste of antimicrobial actvity with a deodorant effect. This paste contained carbopol, xanthan gum, calcium carbonate, xylitol, tinctures of bee products (propolis and bee bread) and thyme essential oil. On the basis of pharmacological-technical research, a rational technology of the curative and prophylactic toothpaste has been developed. Organoleptic and physicochemical indicators of the quality of the developed curative and prophylactic toothpaste have been established and its classification characteristics have been determined.
PREVALENCE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN IN PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT MEDIAN STERNOTOMY-A CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEY
Authors: Bakash M. Shaffi , Sankarganesh A.
Published: May 2021

Background: One third of post patients experience moderate to severe chronic nonanginal postoperative pain (CPOP) and its management remains a challenge despite modern pharmaceutical preparations and new invasive and non-invasive pain –allaying techniques. Physiotherapy plays a major role in cardio-thoracic rehabilitation from the pre-operative period to postoperative period. Cardiac Rehabilitation is a medically supervised program that helps to improve the health and social well-being of people.

Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in patients who underwent cardio-thoracic surgery. PROCEDURE: Study design was non-experimental and study type was observational. 53 patients who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected conveniently for the study after obtaining informed consent. Nordic questionnaire is used as an outcome measure to identify the pain in post-operative patients.

Results: Highest pain was reported in upper back (94.3)% region followed by shoulder (37.7)%lower back (26.4)% and neck (24.5)%, region when patients were assessed on 7th post-operative day by using Nordic questionnaire.

Conclusion: This study concludes that there was a prevalence of upper back pain when compare to other regions and has showed the least prevalence of pain in elbow, wrist and hand.

Keywords: Median sternotomy patients, Musculoskeletal pain, Nordic questionnaire.
THE CONNECTION BETWEEN ORAL HEALTH AND COVID-19 SEVERITY
Authors: Gedam Unnati , Jain Deshraj , Varma Amit
Published: May 2021

“Oral health is a reflection of the physiological, social, and psychological factors that are essential to our quality of life”. COVID -19 is becoming a threat all over the world. Obesity, diabetes, and hypertension are common underlying conditions in patients that develop serious COVID-19 complications. In the meantime, evidence of a correlation between oral health and severity of COVID-19 disease is growing, According to various studies, the particular ingredient in some affordable and readily available mouthwash products is highly effective at inactivating the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19. Simple oral hygiene measures may help reduce the risk of the novel coronavirus spreading from the mouth to the lungs, as well as prevent serious COVID-19 infections. This article briefly reports the importance of oral hygiene and its link with COVID-19 severity.

Keywords: COVID-19, Oral health, severity, global pandemic
Haplotype Effect of Two Human Leukocyte Antigen-G Polymorphisms of rs1736933 and rs2735022 on the Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Authors:   Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran., Najafi Zahra , Khalaj-Kondori Mohammad ,   Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran., Hosseinpour Feizi Mohammad Ali ,   Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran., Abbasaliizadeh Shamsi ,   Department of Gynecology &Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Background: Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) is a multifactorial disease that affects 1-3% of couples. Since Human Leukocyte Antigen-G (HLA-G) gene is involved in fetal maternal immune tolerance, mutations in the HLA-G gene can affect the success rate of pregnancy. Objective: The present study aims to investigate the haplotype effect of rs1736933 and rs2735022 polymorphisms found in the HLA-G gene on the RPL. Methods In this case-control study, participants were 100 women with RPL and 80 women with normal fertility in northwestern Iran. The HLA-G gene promoter was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method and sequenced. The genotype and allele frequencies of the two polymorphisms were compared between the two groups by using t-test in SPSS software version 22. Haplotype analysis was performed using PHASE 2.1 and Haploview 4.2 applications Findings: C allele and CC genotype in rs2735022 polymorphism and the G allele and GG genotype in rs1736933 polymorphism showed a significant association with the RPL (P<0.05). Frequency of haplotypes AA, AC, GA, GC were 0.72, 0.23, 0.01, 0.03 in patients and 0.39, 0.01, 0.02, 0.59 in the control group (P<0.05). The linkage disequilibrium score was 94. Conclusion: Analysis of GC haplotype in rs2735022 and rs1736933 polymorphisms of the HLA-G gene can be helpful in genetic studies of women with RPL.
Uso de Réplicas de Fósseis, Ferramentas Líticas e Crânios de Hominínios em Sala de Aula do Ensino Médio, em Nova Viçosa, BA
Authors: Farah Leonardo de Castro
Published: May 2021

Este artigo tem como meta divulgar os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada em sala de aula usando diversas réplicas de fósseis. A pesquisa foi dividida em três partes: 1ª parte seria introdutória sobre a História de Nova Viçosa – BA (População, realidade Sociocultural, Religiosidade, Economia e os Índices Educacionais); 2ª parte tratou-se de introduzir as réplicas para aos alunos, em sala de aula, do 1º Ano do Ensino Médio. A 3ª parte seria os resultados do questionário que os alunos fizeram e se conseguiram entender o assunto abordado. Os objetivos proposto neste artigo são: 1º) despertar a curiosidade; 2º) explicar como se deu o processo de antropogenia; 3º) realização de um teste para averiguar se os alunos entenderam o assunto. Os resultados obtidos após a realização dos testes foram: 1°) os alunos conseguiram entender a relação entre meio-ambiente e a dieta do espécime 2°) houve muita dificuldade de entender processo evolutivo do ser humano (antropogenia). Para corrigir isso seria necessário estruturar o Projeto Politico-Pedagógico da escola dando ênfase ao ensino da Paleoantropologia.
Adoecimento Psicológico E O Ensino Fundamental: Representações Sociais Do(A) Professor(A) Doente
Authors: Candido Letícia Martins Ribeiro
Published: May 2021

Este estudo se insere no campo da psicologia escolar em interface com a psicologia da saúde e utiliza a metodologia das representações sociais na sua abordagem estrutural para identificar as representações sociais do professor do ensino fundamental sobre saúde mental no trabalho. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo, utilizando-se de questionário sócio demográfico e técnica da evocação livre em uma escola municipal na região metropolitana de Goiânia-GO com 18 (dezoito) professores (as) da rede pública municipal que foram diagnosticados, previamente, com algum tipo de transtorno psicológico. Os resultados apontam que os elementos do núcleo periférico dizem respeito aos aspectos externos ao professor, isto é, elementos que podem modificar a partir de intervenções no ambiente ou na cultura escolar. Os elementos presentes no núcleo central estão ligadas aos aspectos internos do (a) professor (a), ou seja, são elementos menos flexíveis e que, para que haja qualquer mudança nestas representações, estes aspectos deverão ser trabalhados de forma individual e singular.
Faculty in Contemporary Kyrgyzstan: Reactions to Reforms
Authors: Merrill Martha , Baitugolova Janara , Ryskulova Chynarkul
Published: May 2021

After Kyrgyzstan’s independence, reforms were implemented in higher education: new degrees, credit hours, private institutions, tuition in public institutions, and independent accreditation. However, faculty reactions to these reforms have not previously been studied. The authors conducted 57 interviews in four locations over three years. Our findings show that, first, interviewees discussed all kinds of changes in higher education and society. Second, participants were undergoing “concurrent stresses” (Anderson, Goodman, and Schlossberg, 2012) – their personal as well as professional lives were changing. Third, opinions differed. We analyzed these according to three of Schlossberg’s “4 S’s”: differences in faculty selves, situations, and support systems. However, few participants described strategies for dealing with the changes. Fourth, nearly all spoke of the reforms as something not under their control. Fifth, very few faculty members described the changes as unilaterally negative or positive.  Most said, “I like this, but not that.”
The connection between public lighting modernisation and light pollution : The Dunaújváros pattern
Authors: Pozsgai Andrea , Pusztai-Eredics Alexandra , Baranyai Gábor , Lenner Tibor
Published: May 2021

Proper street lighting has psychological, ecological and economic functions. Not only does it provide safety in settlements at night, but it also makes streets friendlier. Inadequate quantity and quality of street luminaries can cause troubles in the ecosystems of settlements. Public lighting management is the responsibility of local governments, and therefore it matters how much the operation and maintenance burden the budget. The modernisation of the obsolete street lighting system and the installation of a reliable and energy-saving (cost-effective in the long run) system is taking place in more and more places. Large cities (domestic cities with county rights) deserve special attention due to the concentration of the population, functions and through them the concentration of environmental impacts.
Future long-term night sky monitoring projects shall use multispectral imaging sensors when possible
Authors: Tong Kai Pong , Kolláth Zoltán
Published: May 2021

Interest in investigation of the impact of light pollution on ecology leads to a surge of observations and measurements. This article presents the measurement of the night sky radiance in over a period of 4.5 years in the city of Bremen, Germany from two sites situated in suburban and rural areas. It was found that both sites show a decreasing trend in sky radiance. However, since no multispectral images were taken, the exact cause of the decrease cannot be determined. It is therefore recommended that future night sky measurements should be based on multispectral imaging, for example by commercial digital cameras.
Necrophag rovarok igazságügyben : Lucilia sericata (Diptera, Calliphoridae) jelentősége a tetemek lebontásának folyamatában
Authors: Tatár László , Horotán Katalin , Varga János
Published: May 2021

Jelen tanulmány a Lucilia sericata (Meigen) forenzikus entomológiai szempontból jelentős rovar kísérleti körülmények közti fejlődési menetét (metamorfózis) elemzi. Egy tetemrészlet (sertés mellső végtag) szabad környezetben megvalósuló lebomlásának folyamatát vizsgálva a L. sericata teljes fejlődési menetének fázisait végigkíséri. Vizsgálja a hőmérsékletnek és a páratartalomnak a L. sericata egyedfejlődésére gyakorolt hatását. A tanulmány kiterjed a kísérleti időszakban a vizsgált faj mellett meg jelenő más forenzikus rovarok megfigyelésére is.
IMAJINER RUANG KEPALA DALAM REKAMAN GAMELAN AGÊNG DENGAN TEKNIK STEREOFONIK
Authors: Santosa Iwan Budi
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT The presentation of Javanese gamelan cannot always be present in the midst of our busy lives. In order to present musical karawitan whenever needed by the audience, it requires the recording of Javanese gamelan that can represent the original sound. Javanese people generally realize that the presentation of Javanese gamelan will be better if it is presented in pendapa. To find musical recordings as a performance in pendapa, it needs to consider the recording equipment used as well as recording techniques so that the sound will be obtained in accordance to the original sound and can bring the soul or spirit of Javanese gamelan. In order to get the gamelan recording in accordance to the original sound and to present the soul or spirit of the gamelan, the recording equipment used must adjust to the sound characteristics of the gamelan instruments and the recording uses stereophonic techniques. Stereophonics is a recording technique that is done in order to produce sounds in according to the original sound where the listeners feel to see a live performance. Keywords: Javanese Gamelan, recording, stereophonic.  AbastrakPenyajian gamelan Jawa tidak selalu bisa hadir di tengah kesibukan kita. Untuk menyajikan musik karawitan setiap kali dibutuhkan oleh penikmatnya, diperlukan rekaman gamelan Jawa yang dapat merepresentasikan suara aslinya. Masyarakat Jawa umumnya menyadari bahwa penyajian gamelan jawa akan lebih baik jika disajikan dalam pendapa. Untuk mengetahui rekaman musik sebagai sebuah pertunjukan dalam pendapa perlu memperhatikan alat perekam yang digunakan serta teknik perekamannya agar didapat suara yang sesuai dengan suara aslinya dan dapat memunculkan jiwa atau ruh gamelan Jawa. Untuk mendapatkan rekaman gamelan yang sesuai dengan suara aslinya dan menghadirkan jiwa atau ruh dari gamelan tersebut, alat perekam yang digunakan harus menyesuaikan dengan karakteristik bunyi dari alat musik gamelan tersebut dan perekamannya menggunakan teknik stereofonik. Stereophonics adalah teknik perekaman yang dilakukan untuk menghasilkan suara yang sesuai dengan suara aslinya dimana pendengar merasakan secara langsung pertunjukannya. Kata kunci: Gamelan Jawa, rekaman, stereofonik.