bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intermittent control of coexisting attractors
Authors: Liu Yang , Wiercigroch Marian , Ing James , Pavlovskaia Ekaterina
Published: May 2013

This paper proposes a new control method applicable for a class of non-autonomous dynamical systems that naturally exhibit coexisting attractors. The central idea is based on knowledge of a system's basins of attraction, with control actions being applied intermittently in the time domain when the actual trajectory satisfies a proximity constraint with regards to the desired trajectory. This intermittent control uses an impulsive force to perturb one of the system attractors in order to switch the system response onto another attractor. This is carried out by bringing the perturbed state into the desired basin of attraction. The method has been applied to control both smooth and non-smooth systems, with the Duffing and impact oscillators used as examples. The strength of the intermittent control force is also considered, and a constrained intermittent control law is introduced to investigate the effect of limited control force on the efficiency of the controller. It is shown that increasing the duration of the control action and/or the number of control actuations allows one to successfully switch between the stable attractors using a lower control force. Numerical and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A celebration of mechanics: from nano to macro. The J. Michael T. Thompson Festschrift issue
Authors: Elishakoff Isaac
Published: May 2013

This Theme Issue is dedicated to the topic ‘Mechanics: from nano to macro’ and marks the 75th birthday of Dr J. Michael T. Thompson, Fellow of the Royal Society, whose current affiliations are as follows: (i) Honorary Fellow, Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge; (ii) Emeritus Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London; and (iii) Professor of Theoretical and Applied Dynamics (Distinguished Sixth Century Chair, part-time), University of Aberdeen. He also serves as Chairman of the Board of Directors at ES-Consult (consulting engineers) in Copenhagen, Denmark. The pertinent question that arises from the very start is: should we first salute Michael and then describe the Theme Issue, or vice versa? Indeed, according to Blaise Pascal (1623–1662), the last thing one discovers in composing a work is what to put first. I would like to take the liberty of deviating from the tradition of the
Philosophical Transactions
and start with the tribute to Michael; after all he is the prime cause of this Theme Issue.
The Uppsala model on evolution of the multinational business enterprise – from internalization to coordination of networks
Authors: Vahlne Jan-Erik , Johanson Jan
Published: May 2013

Purpose

– This paper seeks to offer a model on the evolution of the multinational business enterprise (MBE). It is meant to be an alternative to the eclectic paradigm, the preeminent theoretical tool applied in studies of the multinational enterprise (MNE) and foreign direct investment. The label MBE aims at moving focus from structure of production to change processes in business relations and entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach

– While the eclectic paradigm is grounded in neo-classical economics meant primarily to be applied in studies of macroeconomic interest and is based on assumptions not applicable in studies of individual firms, the model of the MBE is meant to be used in studies at the micro-level. It is rooted in assumptions consistent with behavioural theory consequently being more realistic. The model is based on the Uppsala model with input from studies on dynamic capabilities, entrepreneurship research and research on management under uncertainty.

Findings

– The realistic assumptions of the model imply that it is relevant for understanding the dynamics of strategy and management of the MBE.

Research limitations/implications

– As the model aims at enriching our understanding of the dynamics of the MBE the paper recommends empirical longitudinal studies of firms.

Originality/value

– Realistic and relevant assumptions imply that the model differs in critical respects from received theory in international business.
Extreme loss risk in financial turbulence – evidence from the global financial crisis
Authors: Uppal Jamshed Y. , Ullah Mangla Inayat
Published: May 2013

Purpose

This study aims to examine the stock returns distributions in ten countries in the periods before and after the global financial crisis (GFC) to evaluate how well the empirical distributions conformed to the extreme value theory (EVT) which underlies a family of risk management models.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors’ sample consists of the G5 countries and the five leading emerging economies. Parameters of the General Pareto Distribution (GPD) for each country are estimated for the pre‐ and the crisis period. The authors follow a two‐step procedure: a GARCH(1,1) model is fitted to the historical return data by pseudo maximum likelihood method; Hill's GPD tail estimation procedure is employed on the residuals from the first step. Goodness‐of‐fit is evaluated for the empirical distributions.

Findings

The authors find that the EVT explains the observed distributions well in both the pre‐GFC and the GFC periods, with the important exceptions of the US and the UK markets in the crisis period. Moreover, the estimated distribution parameters are quite different for the two periods. The results underscore the inadequacy of the quantitative risk models in times of financial turbulence, and the need for prudential exercise of judgment in risk management.

Originality/value

The global financial crisis (GFC) provides a unique and historical experiment to evaluate the models of tail distributions. Although the EVT provides a sound basis for modeling extreme risks, the study highlights the fundamental problem of dealing with uncertainty.
Investigating the possibility of constructing different seam types for clothing using ultrasonic
Authors: Seram Niromi , Cabon Darron
Published: May 2013

Purpose

Ultrasonic seaming: the pertained technology for this research is identified as one of the alternatives which offers many advantages over traditional sewing. Ultrasonic technology was initially used for plastic welding. It has been utilized in automotive, electronics and electrical appliances, filtration, packaging, aerospace and apparel industries. However, the use of sewing machine, needle and threads still remains as the most popular method of joining fabrics together. The aim of this research is to investigate the possibility of constructing different types of seams for clothing using ultrasonic technology which is an existing technology that is not fully utilized and not fully realized the advantages associated with it in the apparel industry.

Design/methodology/approach

Experimental reflective practice' was used as the main method for practical investigation. The basis for analysis was formed by reflections made during and after the experimentations.

Findings

Though the construction of the seams are possible, due to thickness of the layers, LSc and LSe seam types were not successful in terms of quality. The bound seam type and the flat seams are possible using ultrasonic technology without the blade, the quality is not satisfactory when comparing to the conventional sewing technique. However, ornamental stitching (OS) and edge finishing (EF) with ultrasonic are possible and successful.

Originality/value

The results of this study will shed more light on ways of using ultrasonic technology in the apparel industry.
Application of fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) to criteria weights for fashion design scheme evaluation
Authors: Lin Chiahsu
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to determinate the criteria weight in a fashion design scheme evaluation system.

Design/methodology/approach

The first stage is to use the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) by fashion design experts of academia and industries for fashion design evaluation criteria. The second stage is based on the use of a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) to find the criteria weight. Finally, an empirical example is used to illustrate the procedure of obtaining the criteria weights for the evaluation of a fashion design scheme.

Findings

The result shows that there are eight evaluation criteria to be obtained for fashion design scheme selection. The evaluation characteristic weights of theme and innovation score almost 90 percent (88.93 percent), the criteria weights of the first five, fashion forecast theme story, best‐seller modification, new idea and product position, score almost 80 percent (79.96 percent) and the criteria weights of the first two, fashion forecast and theme story, score almost 40 percent (39.93 percent) when selecting a design scheme in the fashion design process.

Originality/value

This paper proposes the vital characteristic and criteria for the selection of the fashion design scheme. In selecting fashion design scheme, this study uncovers that the marketing is less important than theme and innovation characteristics. Additionally, the results of this study, indicate the important five criteria, offered designer a set of useful indicators in preparing fashion design scheme and improving the quality of fashion design decision.
Garment prototyping based on scalable virtual female bodies
Authors: Chaw Hlaing Ei , Krzywinski Sybille , Roedel Hartmut
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The aim of the research is the development of 3D virtual models of lower female bodies from scanned data of different body types for computer‐aided 3D product development of loose‐fitting garments.

Design/methodology/approach

In order to develop reproducible construction of fashionable/functional outerwear (e.g. ladies’ trousers) on the basis of generated scalable 3D virtual female models, 3D‐CAD methods have to be developed. In doing so, the variable parameters are predefined and the block pattern of a trouser design can be modified by changing the parameters for the variety of trouser models. Two‐dimensional (2D) pattern pieces are then automatically generated and modified if necessary. According to morphological changes, the whole process proceeds automatically up to 2D patterns and thus corresponds to a grading in 3D.

Findings

The generated 3D virtual model and trouser design corresponding to a basic design or block pattern can be offered to the garment industry. The task of the designer or stylist is only to define the intended pattern design on the created trouser shell. Therefore, the approach is also very feasible for pattern makers who are not skilled in computer technology. The goal of this research is to provide an indispensable basis for an effective new technology for the construction of fit‐relevant, loose‐fitting garments, and in doing so, further accelerate the textile chain.

Originality/value

This paper provides methods of creating 3D garment design as well as grading in 3D, based on scalable virtual models of female lower bodies, which are worked out using a new German size designation system. Since the data processed for the generation of virtual models derives from direct scan data from women (taking into account different body types), the targeted German population is reflected.
A novel real‐time measuring method for cloth fell distance during weaving
Authors: Vatankhah Elham , Sheikhzadeh Mohammad , Darvishzadeh Mehdi
Published: May 2013

Purpose

Cloth fell distance is an effective parameter on controlling pick density during weaving process. The purpose of this study is developing a novel, simple and economic system to measure the cloth fell distance from the front position of the reed in each cycle of weaving process dynamically.

Design/methodology/approach

This novel system consists of optical sensors used to measure difference between time the reed reaches the cloth fell and time the reed reaches the front. To interpret this time difference to cloth fell distance, reed motion equation has been used. The reed motion curve in terms of angular position of the crankshaft can be calculated by mathematical analysis.

Findings

This method combining the electronic components and mechanical mechanism of reed motion measures the cloth fell distance online.

Originality/value

This simple and economic method can be used in all types of weaving machine. High accuracy and high speed processing in comparison to previous reported methods are the most advantages of this new real‐time system.
The role of online informediaries for consumers
Authors: Chung Sunghun
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to find the role of online informediaries on the perspective of price comparison and information aggregator. Specifically, the author wants to explain how the level of product involvement moderates the effect of price dispersion and product information quality on attitude toward product in online informediaries.

Design/methodology/approach

The data for this study are obtained from a three‐way factorial experimental research design. Data were collected from 258 college students who have an experience with an online informediary. Combining ANCOVA and regression analysis enables the study of attitude formation and yields encouraging results.

Findings

The study finds that high‐involvement consumers focus on systematic cues (e.g. product attributes) in evaluating product quality. However, when they feel that their initial search yields insufficient results, causing them to perceive more product performance risk, they search for additional cues (e.g. price dispersion). Low‐involvement consumers are mainly affected by price dispersion, which is a heuristic cue, and they evaluate the product more favorably under a high (vs low) level of price dispersion.

Originality/value

This paper is one of the first to consider and empirically test a heuristic‐systematic model for attitude toward product in online informediaries. It also uniquely tests the level of price dispersion to discern the important motivating factors.
Measuring the sociocultural appeal of SNS games in Taiwan
Authors: Shen Kai‐Shuan
Published: May 2013

Purpose

This study aims to explore the sociocultural appeal of SNS game content from the point of view of the human emotions aroused by the interaction between the players and the games.

Design/methodology/approach

The author's research methodology is based on Miryoku Engineering. The author interviewed 11 knowledgeable gamers by the evaluation grid method (EGM) and surveyed 321 players through a questionnaire in order to gather data about their preferences, which were then analysed using quantification theory type I.

Findings

The semantic structure of the appeal of the games was determined from interviews with knowledgeable gamers (EGM). This structure represents a hierarchy of the relationship between the types of appeal or appeal factors, the reasons for gamers’ preferences, and the specific characteristics of SNS games. According to the statistical analysis, the most important sociocultural appeal factors of SNS games are “practicable and realizable” and “innovative and unique”, and these are affected in varying degrees by particular reasons and characteristics.

Practical implications

The author has found that sociocultural factors influence the design of SNS games significantly. In addition, the issue of how to integrate the sociocultural factors into the design of games is critical to the success of the marketing strategies of SNS games in different areas or countries.

Originality/value

The author's findings provide important information for designers and researchers of SNS games. The study also contributes to the field of human‐computer interaction in cyberspace.
Corporate governance, economic turbulence and financial performance of UAE listed firms
Authors: Kamal Hassan Mostafa , Saadi Halbouni Sawsan
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on the financial performance of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) listed firms.

Design/methodology/approach

Relying on a sample of 95 UAE listed firms affiliated to financial and non‐financial sectors, the paper performs a cross‐section regression analysis to test whether there is a significant relationship between governance mechanisms (voluntary disclosure, CEO duality, board size, board committee and audit type) and UAE firms' performance while controlling for firm size, industry type, firm listing years and leverage. The paper relies on data published on year 2008 and utilizes the accounting‐based measures of Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) as well as the market measure (Tobin's Q) in order to measure the UAE firms' financial performance.

Findings

The empirical results show that voluntary disclosure, CEO duality and board size are significantly influencing the UAE accounting‐based performance measure, while none of the governance variables significantly affects firms' market performance measure. The results also reveal that firm size is the only control variable that significantly influences firms' performance. This paper provides evidence showing that the accounting‐based performance measures are more objective in the years where unstable economic conditions exist.

Practical implications

The paper's findings indicate that the underlying principles of corporate governance are applicable in emerging markets. The findings are important to regulators, investors, managers, and researchers aiming at developing new policies that establish better regulatory infrastructure that increases investors' confidence and attracting foreign investment.

Originality/value

The paper is one of very few studies that examine the relationship between corporate governance and firms' financial performance under economic turbulent in an emerging market economy, the UAE.
Competing while shopping
Authors: Satinover Nichols Bridget , Flint Daniel J.
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to better understand the experiences of women who were engaged in a competitive retail shopping event.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employed the discovery‐oriented grounded theory approach, in order to interpret field data from observations and interviews from 30 women who participated in a bridal gown sale event.

Findings

This paper exposes the manner in which the women shoppers shifted from competitive mindsets and behaviors, to cooperative ones, with other women shoppers. Four complimentary “trajectories” help explain how this takes place by demonstrating that the women progressed through mindsets of competition, co‐opetition, cooperation, and charity. The course of this process occurs within the realm of highly dynamic environments, which help foster the women's changing behaviors. The experiences of our participants converged such that this process of competition‐cooperation contributed to positive experiential value of the shopping trip.

Research limitations/implications

This study focused only on women shoppers in the USA and concentrated only on one retail sale event. Future studies should expand the cultural diversity of the participants and increase the contextual boundaries of the phenomenon to include other instances of competitive shopping.

Practical implications

Understanding how women consumers engage in competition, and consequently cooperation, should be of considerable interest to retailers wishing to execute competitively natured events and promotions. The paper's findings suggest that women value competitive shopping events because of the social experience they provide, not solely for the product that might be acquired. The study contributes to our understanding of how women interpret social interaction, manage relationships with one another in retail settings, and are co‐creators of intrinsic shopping value. It also offers a more favorable viewpoint of competition in the retail domain than what is often construed in mainstream media.

Originality/value

This research is one of the first to focus on women shoppers who are engaged in a competitive shopping event. For consumer theorists, this study offers insights into social behavioral processes. It provides a platform for continuing research in the area of consumer competition.
Women's magazines as facilitators of Christmas rituals
Authors: Freeman Lynne , Bell Susan
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to focus on the editorial content of monthly women's magazines and consider their role in facilitating the Christmas food rituals. Of particular interest is the extent to which the special food features have adapted to support the changes in women's lifestyles over the last 20 years.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a longitudinal social semiotic analysis of Christmas food features in women's magazines in Australia and the UK over the period 1991‐2011.

Findings

The analysis reveals a recurring conflict between the magazine content and the lifestyles of their readers. For families to participate in and maintain the Christmas ritual still means devotion, typically by a woman. The message has not changed, even though the work/home balance for many women has. The responsibility for putting the “magic” in Christmas lies firmly at the woman's feet. The magazines' text convey a contradictory message by offering readers budget and timesaving tips, while their visuals imply that such “shortcuts” stand in the way of the sought‐after magical Christmas, the rituals must be followed in full.

Research limitations/implications

Adopting a longitudinal social semiotic analysis enabled the authors to conduct a detailed comparison of both text and imagery across the magazines and across the years. The authors were also able to report on how the sign complexes such as colour and text worked in combination to create a social message.

Originality/value

Whilst women's magazines remain an important vehicle for the transmission of social values, the paper's findings demonstrate that they are not necessarily adapting to social change.
A computerised model to enhance the cost‐effectiveness of production and maintenance dynamic decisions
Authors: Al‐Najjar Basim , Jacobsson Martin
Published: May 2013

Purpose

To develop and test a model and software‐based support system for better understanding of the interactions between man‐machine‐maintenance‐economy (MMME), and enable cost‐effective decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on published knowledge and experience within maintenance, maintenance organization and production, and a case study.

Findings

Development of a model describing interactions between man‐machine‐maintenance‐economy interactions and MMME software module. MMME test shows its ability to identify, quantify, assess and follow up losses in production time which is necessary when planning effective maintenance actions.

Research limitations/implications

In the paper the focus is to quantify production time losses in order to identify the root causes of the problem. The case study is performed at a manufacturing plant for truck engines.

Practical implications

A systematic approach of how to quantify and evaluate losses in production time in order to identify problems and problem areas within the production. This approach is discussed and motivated with the aim of achieving more cost‐effective decisions in maintenance.

Originality/value

The model and software application developed enables a structured way of analyzing production time losses in order to find cost‐effective solutions to the problems. The model is very flexible enabling it to be customized for a wide spectrum of branches.
Certification of maintenance providers: a competitive advantage
Authors: Manuel Torres Farinha José , Galar Diego , Adelino Fonseca Inácio , Kumar Uday
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to synthesize some relevant norms, namely European norms (EN), to the maintenance field.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology is based on the conjunction of the most relevant norms to the maintenance field that represent a coherent set of tools to aid maintenance activity and maintenance companies to achieve a new level of competitiveness.

Findings

Until now, the companies have not given relevance to specific certifications, such as PAS 55 or NP4492. But, with the increase of competitiveness and the market more and more exigent, it is necessary to introduce this new paradigm to raise the maintenance activity at an upper level.

Practical implications

The approach presented in the paper constitutes a base for an upper level of competitiveness among companies, based on common standards that make the maintenance activity more exigent and transparent.

Originality/value

The paper presents a conjunction among standards, including the newest ones, that constitutes a new vision for maintenance providers, representing a definitive contribution for a new positioning of the maintenance market.
Prototype production and experimental analysis for circular and profiled conformal cooling channels in aluminium filled epoxy injection mould tools
Authors: Altaf Khurram , Majdi Abdul Rani Ahmad , Raghavan Vijay R.
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a technique of fabricating profiled conformal cooling channels (PCCC) in an aluminium filled epoxy mould using rapid prototyping (RP) and rapid tooling (RT) techniques and to compare the cooling times for the moulds with circular and profiled channels experimentally. The cooling channels in injection mould tools have a circular cross section. In a PCCC, the cross sectional shape is so designed that the flat face surface of the channel facing the cavity follows the profile of the cavity. These types of channels can be manufactured through RP and RT techniques.

Design/methodology/approach

A part to be moulded was designed and modelled. Two moulds were then designed with the part cavity, one having a circular channel and the second with a profiled channel, both having the same cross sectional area for coolant flow. The channel patterns were designed with supports according to their position regarding height and distance from the cavity as designed earlier. Both channels have the same distance from the cavity wall. RP patterns were produced for both channels and part using the Thermojet 3D printer. The cooling channel and the moulded part patterns were then assembled as designed in the moulds. Moulding frames were fabricated with aluminium plates and the pattern was placed in the frames. Epoxy was poured on the pattern and then cured. The moulded part and the channel patterns embedded inside epoxy were melted out during the final curing cycle, leaving behind the circular‐ and profiled‐cooling channels in the moulds. For the cooling time measurement, injection moulding was done with moulds with circular and profiled channels. Moulded part temperature will be recorded by embedding thermocouples within the mould cavities.

Findings

A technique for the manufacture of cooling channels of different profiles in epoxy moulds was presented. Experimental analysis for temperature measurement for the moulded part with injection moulding process showed that PCCC mould has less cooling time then mould with circular channels.

Research limitations/implications

The technique presented is based on the metal‐filled epoxy materials used in RT and was obtained using a specific test part. Epoxy tooling can be a useful alternative of metallic mould to produce injection mould tools. A limitation for the epoxy moulds is that they have a limited life as compared with metallic moulds.

Originality/value

This is a new technique of manufacturing moulds with cooling channels using RP/RT techniques. Moulds with different channel cross sections can be manufactured using this technique.
Reference data and geocoding quality
Authors: Hart Timothy C. , Zandbergen Paul A.
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of reference data, input address quality, and crime type on completeness and positional accuracy of street geocoded crime events.

Design/methodology/approach

Existing data were analyzed using ArcGIS, including crime incident information, street network reference data, and address point and/or parcel reference data. Geocoding completeness was determined by the overall match rate. Positional accuracy was determined by comparing the Euclidian distance between street geocoded locations of crime events to the corresponding address point/parcel geocoded location.

Findings

Results indicate that match rates vary by reference data, input address quality, and crime type. Local street centerline files consistently produced match rates that were as good as – and in many cases superior to – other types of reference data, including commercial data. Greater variability in positional accuracy was observed across reference data when crime type and input address quality was considered, but results were consistent with positional accuracy analysis conducted using data from other disciplines.

Practical implications

Results provide researchers and practitioners with valuable guidance and insight into one of the most basic – albeit fundamental – procedures related to the spatio‐temporal analysis of crime, suggesting that reference data required to produce geocoded crime incidents successfully and of high quality does not necessarily mean a large financial investment on the part of law enforcement agencies or researchers interested in the geospatial analysis of crime.

Originality/value

Prior to this investigation, a comprehensive examination of the impact of data quality on geocoded crime events was absent from the literature.
Policing the homeless: policy, practice, and perceptions
Authors: Hartmann McNamara Robert , Crawford Charles , Burns Ronald
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The homeless are a common sight in many cities and their actions frequently bring them into contact with the police. However, little is known about police policy and the homeless. The aim of this research was to examine policy, practices, and perceptions of the police and the homeless.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was mailed to 100 police departments in the United States to gather information about their policies, resources, and amount of contact with the homeless. A Chi square statistical analysis was conducted to assist in comparing departments on key issues. In addition, interviews were conducted with police officers and homeless individuals to gain further insight into their perceptions and experiences.

Findings

Policing issues with the homeless were examined by size of the department, municipality, and size of the population served. Law enforcement agencies of all sizes and jurisdictions encountered homeless individuals. Large municipal agencies had the most frequent contact, and provided the most services. However, these departments did not have significantly more training or information provided to officers regarding the homeless. The narratives from the interviews revealed a level of frustration and feelings of being burdened from officers, and a sense of being harassed and targeted from the homeless.

Research limitations/implications

The survey was only conducted with 100 departments as a pilot study, and the interviews were only conducted in one city. Future research would extend the survey to more departments and gather more information from officers and homeless individuals.

Originality/value

Results from the present work advance our understanding of the relatively under‐studied relations and social dynamics between law enforcement and the homeless – providing both a qualitative and quantitative assessment. There are several policy recommendations for law enforcement administrators and organizations that assist the homeless.
Colombian police under fire: image, corruption and controls
Authors: Carlos Ruiz Väsquez Juan
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the extent and impact of corruption on public trust and on the stability of the Colombian police. The effectiveness of public controls, civilian oversight, and overseeing bodies is evaluated to determine the degree of impunity and the level of independence from other agencies of control.

Design/methodology/approach

The research in this study is based on data analyses of surveys, interviews, and an observational approach. This paper considers four general surveys, namely:Latinobarómetro,Iberobarómetro, Global Corruption Barometer, Corruption Perception Indexes, and World Values Survey. The observation consisted of accompanying Bogotá police department teams for two months during the evenings between 10 p.m. and 7 a.m. This study draws upon 20 interviews with police officers of all ranks. Additionally, an informal observation of police activities during the night was carried out to discover the occurrence of corruption, which was impossible to reveal by a more formal observation.

Findings

Although corruption in the Colombian police force is presumably a generalized phenomenon, it is still one of the most appreciated agencies among Colombians. However, scandals have been cleverly mitigated by rhetoric and apparent purges and the setting‐up of inoffensive mechanisms of control. Internal inspection and civilian oversight have been weakened – rendered ineffective by an increasingly powerful police leadership.

Research limitations/implications

Since corruption is a concealed phenomenon, its analysis always causes problems. Police officers are reluctant to talk about the problem and there is an organizational denial of the phenomenon.

Originality/value

The paucity of academic research on police forces in Latin America is still apparent and the field of study lacks a real degree of specialization. Similarly, there has been no empirical examination of issues pertaining to the study of the modern Colombian force. This paper thus attempts to compensate for the lack of empirical research on the Colombian police. It contributes to the overall literature on police corruption by explaining the organizational features of bribing and police corruption on the beat.
A context‐based process semantic annotation model for a process model repository
Authors: Mturi Elias , Johannesson Paul
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a model for semantically annotating business process models stored in a repository. The purpose of the model is to facilitate the searching of process models, to support navigating the process model repository and to enhance the understandability of process models.

Design/methodology/approach

The annotation model has been developed by following a design science research approach. By analysing existing works the authors have identified the requirements for such an annotation model. Following these requirements the authors have designed a context‐based process semantic annotation model. As a proof of concept, the annotation model has been implemented in a repository prototype and its applicability demonstrated. Finally, the annotation model has been evaluated in two controlled experimental studies.

Findings

The proposed annotation model can be used to positively affect searching, navigation and understandability of process models.

Practical implications

Application of the annotation model and clearly defined concepts in the process model repository is expected to improve the process of finding relevant process models in the repository for reuse.

Originality/value

The contribution of the paper is both theoretical and practical. It provides a clear‐cut context‐based process semantic annotation model that can be implemented easily in any process model repository.
BPR complementary competence: definition, model and measurement
Authors: Emerie Kassahun Asmare , Molla Alemayehu
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to define the skills, systems, and technologies developed post‐business process reengineering (BPR), which the authors refer to as BPR Complementary Competences (BPRCC), and develop and validate a model to evaluate the BPRCC of public sector organizations in developing economies.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper, drawing from the complementary competence perspective of the resource‐based view, defines the BPRCC as a higher order construct composed of the BPR complementary transformational competences (BPRCTC) and managerial competences (BPRCMC). Based on Lewis et al.'s methodology of instrument development, an instrument is developed using survey data of 209 public sector organizations.

Findings

The finding produces a 13 item measurement model. Further, it shows that the BPRCTC is composed of three competencies, namely, BPR‐IS alignment, continuous process improvement and integration and information system delivery competences.

Research limitations/implications

Researchers can use the model and instrument as part of a nomological‐net of factors to explain the impact of BPR on public sector organizational performance. BPR practitioners can also use the instrument to identify and nurture those competences that are critical to enhance BPR's value.

Originality/value

The development of the BPRCC model and its accompanying measurement instrument for the public sector context of a developing economy represents an original contribution.
An empirical analysis on Six Sigma implementation in service organisations
Authors: Chakraborty Ayon , Kay Chuan Tan
Published: May 2013

Purpose

Since its introduction by Motorola in the 1980s, Six Sigma and its philosophy have found widespread application in many manufacturing and service industries. It is felt that there is a need to take stock of the spread of Six Sigma implementation in service organisations. The purpose of this paper is to investigate five main themes which have emerged from literature and to draw on those themes to reflect on wider applicability of Six Sigma in services.

Design/methodology/approach

The study involves two exploratory questionnaire surveys. The small‐scale survey is conducted in service organizations in Singapore. The large‐scale survey was web‐based and involved service organisations throughout the world. The objective is to explore and understand the issues highlighted by the service organisations during Six Sigma implementation.

Findings

The findings confirm the inclusion of critical success factors, critical‐to‐quality characteristics, and set of tools and techniques as observed from the literature. In the case of key performance indicators (KPIs), there are different interpretations about them in the literature and also by industry practitioners. Some literature explains KPIs as performance metrics whereas some feel they are key process input or output variables, which is similar to interpretations by practitioners of Six Sigma. The responses of “not relevant” and “unknown to us” as reasons for not implementing Six Sigma show the need for understanding specific requirements of service organizations.

Research limitations/implications

The limited responses from the authors' surveys restrict the possibility of generalising the findings. Therefore, more extensive survey is required. The three‐phase approach with mixed method used in the overall study has been shown to be useful.

Originality/value

Although much theoretical description is available about Six Sigma, there has been limited rigorous academic research on it. This gap is far more pronounced about Six Sigma implementation in service organizations, where the theory is not yet mature. Identifying this need, the paper contributes, by empirical research through surveys, to understand the issues involving Six Sigma implementation in service organizations.
The rubber industry of Thailand: a review of past achievements and future prospects
Authors: Weerathamrongsak Pornthep , Wongsurawat Winai
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the recent developments in the natural rubber industry and identify the major factors that will likely determine the sustainability of Thailand's competitive advantage in this area.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were gathered through in depth interviews with industry experts both in the private and public sectors. The obtained information was then analyzed under the standard framework of national competitiveness widely referred to as the Diamond Model.

Findings

The recent success of the Thai rubber industry stems from the competitiveness of local firms in the upstream industry and the leadership of foreign firms in the downstream sector. To further strengthen competitiveness, a more concerted effort to encourage innovation and technology absorption by local downstream firms is required.

Originality/value

This research provides a comprehensive overview of one of Thailand's most significant agricultural exporting industries. It systematically analyzes the sector's strengths and weaknesses and offers recommendations for policy makers to manage future opportunities and threats.
The coaching experience of four novice principals
Authors: James‐Ward Cheryl
Published: May 2013

Purpose

This study followed four novice principals in two urban school districts through one or two years of their leadership coaching experience. The purpose of this study was to determine principals’ perceived benefits of the coaching experience, principals’ beliefs regarding the most beneficial attributes of a coach, and the match between these findings and the core leadership practices that most dramatically impact student achievement.

Design/methodology/approach

This study followed four novice principals in two urban school districts through one or two years of their leadership coaching experience.

Findings

Principals in this study appeared to have had a successful coaching experience in part because of: the coach's knowledge of curriculum, schools, and districts; the practicality of the experience; and the coach's ability to collaborate and shape the thinking of principals without being authoritative or intrusive. Principals experienced success on the job as identified by the student achievement on state tests and their advancement to district principal leadership roles.

Originality/value

The focus of the coaching in this study appeared to be centered on the core leadership practices noted to have the most impact on student achievement. The results revealed that the skills sets and knowledge of a coach are critical to the coaching experience. The general effects of a coaching focus on core leadership practices may also play a significant part in principal success; however, more research is needed to make a full determination.
Coaching and mentoring for self‐efficacious leadership in schools
Authors: Rhodes Christopher , Fletcher Sarah
Published: May 2013

Purpose

This article aims to propose a three‐stage framework for on‐going professional development of aspirant and incumbent heads that is designed to increase their own self‐efficacy. It is suggested that continuity and progression in self‐efficacy development can be addressed via processes pertaining to acculturation, assimilation and actualisation. The on‐going work of Fletcher augments this conceptual framework with a new approach to action research ensuring an evidence‐based foundation to the growth of self‐efficacy.

Design/methodology/approach

The article offers an analysis of existing research evidence in coaching, mentoring, talent management, leadership development and self‐efficacy to propose a framework useful in research and in the development of self‐efficacy that may help secure transition between the potential to lead and high performance in leadership incumbency in schools.

Findings

The article points to the importance of coaching and mentoring as potential scaffolds to create an appreciation of self‐efficacy's value at all stages of the headship journey. It is suggested that active development of individual's self‐efficacy through mentoring and coaching relationships may serve to ensure that the loss of human potential of those who could lead but never completed the journey is reduced.

Research limitations/implications

The article identifies new questions pertaining to the practice of high quality coaching and mentoring in the journey to leadership in schools and raises further questions pertaining to the conceptualisation of learning relationships and the interactions and feelings involved in such learning relationships.

Originality/value

This article suggests a phased approach, an integrated vision of mentoring and coaching for headteacher development that can span their professional lifetime. This generative approach is what distinguishes the authors’ proposal from others. An emphasis is placed on self‐study integrated in an Appreciative Inquiry approach, however, the authors’ proposal goes further in that they have realised that aspirant headteachers should be taught how to undertake self study integrated with action research not only for their own benefit as they journey towards incumbency but also so that they can become coach and mentor for others; for their staff, pupils and other aspirant headteachers.
Fostering trust in mentoring relationships: an exploratory study
Authors: Leck Joanne , Orser Barbara
Published: May 2013

Purpose

Mentoring has been identified as a key strategy to career development and has been argued to be indispensable for women to advance to positions of power. For mentoring to succeed, it is imperative that mentors trust their protégés. However, recent research has suggested that male mentors trust their male protégés more so than their female protégés. Since women are frequently mentored by men, it is imperative that they gain the same level of trust as their male peers enjoy. According to an established model of trust, trust is shaped by the mentor's perceptions of protégé ability, benevolence and integrity, as well as perceptions of the risk inherent to mentoring. This exploratory research aims to examine what influences these perceptions to shed light on how protégés can gain the trust of their mentors.

Design/methodology/approach

Because little research has been conducted in this area, an exploratory qualitative design was chosen. Mayer, Davis and Schoorman's model of organizational trust is used as the theoretical framework.

Findings

This research sheds light on what predicts how trust is formed, fostered and lost in a mentoring context by examining factors that may influence perceptions of ability, benevolence, integrity and risk. Several protégé behaviors were identified that influenced perceptions of ability. Perceptions of benevolence were described as “feelings”. Perceptions of integrity were influenced by keeping confidences. Finally contextual factors, such as gender, were also identified as influencing the level of trust.

Research limitations/implications

The sample size was based on only 24 mentors; as a consequence, the findings are exploratory in nature and not generalizable.

Practical implications

Trust has been identified as a critical component of an effective mentoring relationship. As a consequence, mentoring programs must include activities that assist in establishing and fostering trust between mentor and protégé.

Social implications

Women are still under‐represented in positions of power. Mentoring has been widely adopted as a mechanism to help women climb the corporate ladder. The lack of female mentors frequently means that female protégés have to be mentored by men. If women are to break the “glass ceiling,” it is imperative that male mentors trust their female protégés to the same extent as their male protégés and provide them with the same career advancing opportunities.

Originality/value

Very little research has examined the role of trust in mentoring, although trust has been identified as a critical element in other organizational activities, such as leadership, performance appraisal, labor‐management relations, interpersonal cooperation, e‐commerce transactions and self‐managing work teams.