bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OBYEKTIVITAS SURAT KABAR REGIONAL PADA PEMBERITAAN CAGUB DAN CAWAGUB PILKADA LAMPUNG 2014
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Suciska Wulan , Windah Andi ,   Universitas Lampung, Wijaya Toni ,   Universitas Lampung
Published: April 2023

This study examines the objectivity of daily newspapers (SKH) on the news about Governor and Vice Governor Candidate in Lampung Province General Elections on 2014. Newspaper as a form of mass media used to interpret and reassemble the complex facts of reality into a meaningful story which can be understood by audiences. One of the main events that have been constructed in advance is a political event. Political coverage has dimensions of public opinion formation (public opinion) because it could affect the political achievement of political actors. The formation of public opinion in Lampung Provincial General Election also takes place during the campaign before the vote (1-7 November 2014). The news was reported by Lampung Post Daily Newspaper, Tribun Lampung Daily Newspaper and Radar Lampung Daily Newspaper. This study uses a quantitative approach with content analysis method (content analysis). As a result, the Tribune Lampung Daily Newspaper has higher values in reporting the news’ factuality and impartiality principles. This difference is attributed to the editorial policy of the media and also the object influencingfactor such as the object’s strategic position and financial strength.
RESTRUKTURISASI BADAN USAHA MILIK NEGARA (BUMN) SEBAGAI SALAH SATU LANGKAH REFORMASI UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN PERUSAHAAN: STUDI PADA PT. PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA VII (PERSERO) LAMPUNG
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Yulianti Devi
Published: April 2023

The research about the restructuring in public enterprice is one of the way to develop the corporation, running by a qualitative approach and descriptive type of research in order to give the analysis and descripton about the restructring program in PTPN VII (Persero) Lampung. The rsearch got the data from documentation and litetarute or references about the subject matter. The result of this research showed that there were lots of changes in organization structure during the period of 2009 until 2014. It showed that this corpaoration has done some resctruturing ways suchas: asets, organization, and finance.
IKLAN “ORANG PINTAR MINUM TOLAK ANGIN” VS “ORANG BEJO MINUM BINTANG TOEJOEH MASUK ANGIN” PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN TINDAKAN KOMUNIKASI DAN ETIKA PERIKLANAN
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Kartika Tina
Published: April 2023

Beberapa perspektif dan aliran dalam etika, yang dapat diterapkan pada tindakan komunikasi, serta mengkritisi penerapan etika dalam berbagai bidang komunikasi. Iklan dengan tagline “Orang Pintar Minum Tolak Angin”, sejak ditayangkan di televisi 2000 ini telah menanamkan persepsi kepada masyarakat. Jamu Tolak Angin yang diproduksi oleh PT Sidomuncul ini merupakan salah satu produk obat herbal berupa cairan untuk mengatasi masuk angin. Selanjutnya ada beberapa produk lain serupa misalnya Bintang Toejoeh Masuk Angin dari Deltomed adalah jamu Tolak Angin berupa kaplet. Salah satu tagline yang digunakan oleh Bintang Toejoeh Masuk Angin adalah “wes, ewes-ewes bablas angine”. Tahun 2012 PT Bintang Toejoeh juga mengiklankan produk herbal berupa tablet dengan BTMA (Bintang Toejoeh Masuk Angin) dengan tagline “orang bejo minum Bintang Toejoeh Masuk Angin ”. Salah satu kalimat Butet Kertarajasa dalam iklan tersebut adalah “Orang bejo lebih untung dari orang pintar”. Kalimat pada “Orang bejo lebih untung dari orang pintar” menyinggung iklan pada kalimat “Orang Pintar Minum Tolak Angin” di digunakan PT Sidomuncul. Tulisan ini akan pembahasan dua iklan ini dilihat dari perspektif Undang-undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2002 tentang penyiaran dan juga dilihat dari etika yang seharusnya dilakukan perusahan dan pemilik media dalam mengiklankan produknya.
DEMOKRASI TERPIMPIN SEBUAH KONSEPSI PEMIKIRAN SOEKARNO TENTANG DEMOKRASI
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Indrajat Himawan
Published: April 2023

This study analyze about a democracy concept which is developed by President Soekarno in 1950-1959, in that era is implementation parliamentary democracy in Indonesia. President Soekarno disappointment on the implementation parliamentary democracy was state in his spech which titled “Menyelematkan Republik Proklamasi” on febuary 21st 1957, Soekarno gave an idea named President Concept. It said that the experienced during 11 years with liberal or was not suitable with Indonesian personality. Because liberal democracy is import from the west. And in this sistem there is a known term about opposition. This term makes Indonesia suffered because it translate into contra with all goverment policy. The proper kabinet for Indonesia is gotong royong kabinet which consist off all people element, not like kabinet in parliamentary democracy. In his previous speech at general meeting “Merah Putih” Soekarno gaven a clue and tell his ambition to take a part to the goverment before constituent assembly finishe the new constitution. Soekarno also said that he will give the consept which is possible for him to take part in goverment although Indonesia still used parliamentary democracy. Beside the dissapointment of implementation liberal or parliamentary democracy, he also dissapointed because his position as President is only symbol. As we know that indonesia goverment sistem has change on november 14th November 1945 from presidentialism in to parliamentary sistem, as an effort to show Soekarno-Hatta goverment is not a japan puppet. And the impact the position Soekarno as president changed not as a head of goverment but as a head of state. The position head of goverment is in prime minister. Based on the issue that makes Soekarno create a democracy concept which is appropriate with the personality of Indonesia people and an effort Soekarno to restore his legitimacy and authority as a president.
Proposed Business Improvement after Pandemic: A Case Study of Grand 8 Dental Care
Authors: Wulandari Citra Trisnawati , Wandebori Harimukti
Published: April 2023

Grand 8 Dental Care, a private dental clinic located in Grand Metropolitan Mall Bekasi, West Java. This dental clinic has already established since 2015, but the yearly revenue considered stagnant. This condition worsened in 2020 due to pandemic Covid-19. Even though it had improved in 2021, the numbers have not returned to what they were before the pandemic, and even worsened again in 2022. This research intended to assess external and internal factors that might be affected the stagnant (tend to decrease) revenue. External factors are assessed by analyzing general environment, industry, and competitor. Analyzing Resource, value chain, and VRIO were performed to assess internal factors. Consumer analysis was also performed in this research, and the primary data were collected by distributing the questionnaire to general dental patients in Indonesia as an instrument of quantitative research and performed qualitative research by having observation and in-depth interview with Grand 8 Dental Care owner, employees and existing patients. Secondary data were collected from websites and social media. Result of this research stated that the services provided by Grand 8 to its patients have satisfied their existing patients. But when the qualitative research results were compared to the quantitative ones, it turned out that there were still services that Grand 8 had not provided to be able to increase its revenue. From research result, assessing the external and internal factors, also consumer and competitor analysis, the assessment is continued by analyzing the SWOT of the Grand 8 Dental Care which bring into TOWS analysis to generate business and marketing strategies to improve the revenue of Grand 8 Dental Care. Based on the analysis, the proposed business improvement of Grand 8 Dental Care is to overcome its weaknesses and strengthen the current values to grab the opportunities impacted in revenue increasing. All those strategies will be implemented through marketing mix 4P (Product, Price, Promotion and Place).
HYBRID YOUNG-MUSLIM: Intersection Manhaj, Political Identity, and Modernity through Social Media
Authors: Juliansyahzen Muhammad Iqbal
Published: April 2023

This article analyzes the religious phenomenon of young Muslims who are channeled through social media. Along with the swift currents of modernization, digitalization, and globalization, it is possible to cross subcultures in the dynamics of human life, including in religious matters. On the one hand, in the religious context, there are specific guidelines (manhaj), but on the other hand, they want to maintain their identity as young people. The results of the struggle and synthesis of various elements gave birth to a form of religion called Hybrid Muslim. Forms of religion can be seen from the model of dress and social relations. The influence of religious groups in the construction of Muslim religion in the media is very large. They use a number of strategies to spread their religious understanding so that it fits the character of young Muslims. The manhaj most influential in the construction of Muslim religiosity is manhaj the conservative religious. Nevertheless, young people's religious identity is not eliminated, namely millennial, modern, and Islami.
Application of Mudharabah and Musyarakah Financing at the Sharia Rural Banks in The City of Purwokerto
Authors: Faozan Akhmad
Published: April 2023

Islamic banks are financial institutions that carry out their business activities based on sharia principles. Sharia principles must be applied to contracts implemented in Islamic banks. One of the contracts applied in Islamic banks is mudharabah and musyarakah contracts. This study focuses on the discussion on how to apply mudharabah and musyarakah financing, the distribution of business profit sharing and the obstacles faced by Sharia Rural Banks in the City of Purwokerto in implementing this financing. This type of research is field research using a qualitative research approach. The author uses several methods of collection in this study, namely observation, interviews and documentation. There are three stages in qualitative data analysis, namely the data reduction stage, display data, and conclusion or verification. The results of this study indicate: First, the mechanism of mudharabah and musyarakah financing at Sharia Rural Banks in the City of Purwokerto includes the initial process, the analysis process, the approval process, and the disbursement process. Second, most of the profit sharing in mudharabah and musyarakah financing at Sharia Rural Banks in the City of Purwokerto uses an income projection that reaches 80%. The rest, using the method profit and loss sharing by 17% and revenue sharing as much as 3%. Third, the small percentage of use profit and loss sharing and revenue sharing as well as the large use of income projections due to constraints such as customers not having business financial reports, especially small customers, customers' reluctance to make business financial reports and Sharia Rural Banks in the City of Purwokerto not obliging to submit business financial reports.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTRODUCTION TO ESSAY WRITING COURSE’S TEXTBOOK BASED ON HOTS-TECH INTEGRATED WITH CM-PBL (CASE METHOD-PROJECT BASED LEARNING)
Authors: Arifin Muhammad Fatkhu , Anggraeni Candradewi Wahyu , Dewi Mercya Christ Sita
Published: April 2023

Despite many studies focusing on writing materials, few developed e-book writing materials for university students. This study aims to 1) analyze the students' and lecturers' needs related to the development of the Introduction to Essay Writing Course's textbook based on HOTS-Tech (Higher Order Thinking Skill-Technology) integrated with CM-PBL (Case Method-Project Based Learning) and 2) to develop an Introduction to Essay Writing Course's textbook based on HOTS-Tech integrated with CM-PBL. This study employs R &D with the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate). Participants in the current study are 35 university students and four lecturers. We employed instruments such as questionnaires, interviews, and observations. Data collection traces the ADDIE model, while the data analysis employs non-parametric statistics with a descriptive quantitative model.   The result shows that the book adheres contents of the book, material presentation, presentation order, the balance of the chapter, language use, and layout. The activities should cover higher-order thinking skills (HOTs) under main categories; analyzing, evaluating, and creating. The current study implies that EFL university teachers embed technology and HOTs in the Essay Writing e-book to promote the techno-skill of the current generation.
ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF THE STUDENTSâ€™ READING COMPREHENSION ABILITIES AND ITS DIFFICULTIES
Authors: Rahmah Dita Aulia , Mistar Junaidi
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to assess the student's reading comprehension level and the difficulties that the students faced in reading. The writer conducted this study at Senior High School 2 Pasuruan, especially the 11th-grade students in Language Programs. This study focused on the student's reading ability level and the difficulties that the students faced in reading. The writer used survey research designs in conducting this study. The participants of this study were 30 students. In collecting the data, the writer distributed closed-ended questionnaires, which consisted of 29 questions with a 4-point scale (always, sometimes, rarely, and never). The result showed that 47% of students faced many problems or difficulties understanding the reading text. While 37% of students sometimes found difficulties reading an English passage, 16% of the students who chose "rarely" indicated that the difficulty they faced was not challenging. In conclusion, it was found that many students still need help comprehending the text. The study implies that the influencing factors in reading must be addressed.Â Â
WHAT DO LAW STUDENTS NEED AND WHAT PROBLEMS THEY EXPERIENCED IN LEARNING ENGLISH? INSIGHT FROM STUDENTS AND ALUMNI
Authors: Hardiana Tusi , Rosayanti Novinda
Published: April 2023

Many scholars addressed how English was essential to master in many fields. However, few scholars addressed what content of English was required by significant law students. This article, therefore, proposes a little investigation: the problem encountered by law students in mastering English, the basic skills, and materials considered fundamental to be taught in the learning process. Descriptive quantitative was applied to gather the data. Seven-four second-semester students and alums majoring in Law were taken as samples. The researchers collected the data and analyzed them using Microsoft Excel. The findings of the first research question revealed that listening was the most difficult skill to be perceived by the students majoring in Law. Moreover, the finding of the second research question claimed that speaking was assumed as the most necessary skill to be taught. Furthermore, formal and informal English languages were expected to be involved in English learning materials. By looking at the findings of this research, the practitioners can be used as a reference for the betterment of designing materials for Law students. The study implies that students frequently encounter the essential skills and materials to be taught.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TEACHING LISTENING WITH A BLENDED-BASED CANVAS MODEL AT THE UNIVERSITY LEVEL
Authors: Wahyuni Erly - , Soeparto Soeparto
Published: April 2023

The research is to know whether the blended-based canvas model is effective or not used in Listening classes. An experimental design was applied with a  mixed method. The quantitative design used was a pretest-posttest experimental and control group design to examine if such a model of learning can affect their comprehension of Listening and a qualitative one to know their responsibilities towards the model. Two classes of third-semester students are selected randomly as research subjects, and each group consists of 32 students. The pretest-posttest scores are analyzed using a t-test. The result of the t-test indicates if there is an increase in the pre-test results after giving treatment (post-test), with the final score being 93.05 for the experimental class and 84.58 for the control class. It reveals that the listening activities designed with blended-based learning in the experiment class are practical. The student's response to this listening model is positive even though the online platform model still has weaknesses. The students can access their courses anywhere and anytime, with no time limitation and dynamic interaction between the teachers and students, and they can also get e-materials quickly.
THE DYNAMICS OF NEIGHBORHOOD SPEAKING: A SOCIOPRAGMATIC STUDY
Authors: Siagian Beslina Afriani , Sitorus Nurhayati
Published: April 2023

Neighboring life is a type of social interaction that shows many symptoms of social conflict. The social conflict appears in various illocutionary speech acts found in neighboring social interactions. This study examines illocutionary speech acts using listening and speaking techniques in collecting data and translational and pragmatic equivalent methods in processing data. Data was obtained naturally through mutual interaction with neighbors. This study shows variations and rich pragmatic features in neighborly interactions. All speech acts have hidden meanings that deserve to be studied. The realization of illocutionary speech acts in this study is manifested in five ways: directive speech acts of ordering, expressive speech acts of mocking, commissive speech acts of offering, assertive speech acts of boasting, and declarative speech acts of confirming. In contrast, the speaking strategy obtained from the research data is divided into four parts: speaking frankly without further ado, speaking candidly with positive Politeness, speaking candidly with negative Politeness, and the strategy of vaguely speaking. - vague. Furthermore, the factors that influence the realization of speech acts are speech situation, age, kinship, gender, social status, and social relations. This research has implications for kinship relations between neighbors. Understanding speech acts can prevent social conflict and create closeness between neighbors.
E-CLASSROOM LANGUAGE: A CONVERSATION ANALYSIS OF SYNCHRONOUS INSTRUCTIONS DURING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK
Authors: Apriliani Hany , Lengkanawati Nenden Sri
Published: April 2023

A growing body of research has documented classroom language use in traditional classrooms. However, how teachers use language in virtual classrooms remains largely under-researched. This study was carried out to fill this gap. The purpose was to examine teachers' use of classroom language in synchronous virtual classrooms and how it facilitated learning opportunities for EFL learners. Under the qualitative research framework, video recordings of online instructional activities were analyzed using a conversation analysis approach. The results show that the majority of expressions used in online synchronous instructions were quite similar to those used in traditional classrooms except for the expressions like "let me share my screen," "turn on the camera," and "I will mute everyone." The results also show that teachers' e-classroom language use provided learning opportunities for students employing recast, scaffolding, and extended wait time for students' turns. Information on teachers' classroom language use in online learning environments presented in this paper is based on limited data, and further studies involving more significant participants are recommended.
THE IMPACT OF HYBRID ELT ON EFL TEACHERS AND STUDENTS AT SECONDARY SCHOOLS DURING THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Romdhani Moch Syahri , Aisyah Siti
Published: April 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak contrived change in various sectors, forcing the education sector to adjust and modify the daily conduct of teaching and learning in schools. This research highlights modifications done by schools as they have applied Hybrid Learning (HL) as an adjustment in the learning-teaching process. This study asked EFL Teachers and Students from thirty different schools in Surabaya and Sidoarjo in English Foreign Language (EFL) classes to complete the survey about how Hybrid Learning is implemented in their classes. This research analyzed the responses by using the descriptive design. Teachers' and students' responses about the changes in teaching instruments they used, school facilities to support their classes, period of adjustments, and their preference to choose either HL EFL to compare to conventional EFL class is collected through a survey. Their result shows that 1) Adjustments require a short period for students and teachers. 2) School facilities to support EFL HL classes. The study implies that conducting HL in emergencies requires adjustments. Thus, sufficient preparation from authorities is needed.Â
PERSPECTIVES OF INDONESIAN UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS ON READING PROFICIENCY AND COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE
Authors: Sinom Patrick Adtya Pratama , Ena Ouda Teda
Published: April 2023

The transformation of the world has brought communication into a complex system. This research focused on understanding communication from reading proficiency and communicative competence perspectives. It is aimed to find a correlation between reading proficiency and communicative competence in English as L2. The quantitative method with the correlational study was employed to analyze the data collected. The study was conducted at a private university in Yogyakarta. Thirty students participated in this research. The study employed a survey design using a questionnaire to collect the data. The result indicated a strong connection between reading proficiency and communicative competence. It implies that reading proficiency and communicative competence are connected.Â
DEXTERITY OF ACCEPTING AND DECLINING ORAL INVITATIONS OF SMK STUDENTS IN SPEAKING PERFORMANCE
Authors: Sahan Anselmus , Bulle Hermelinda Azi , Lasi Febronia
Published: April 2023

Accepting and declining invitations bridges the speakers and hearers involved in direct communication to get mutual understanding. In a classroom context, the knowledge of accepting and declining invitations is essential since both teachers and students should be able to create a dialogical relationship. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether the eleventh-year students of SMK Negeri Nibaaf, Kefamenanu, have mastered accepting and declining the invitation, describe their difficulties, and categorize their level of mastery. To describe the whole process, the researchers applied a quantitative method. To get the data, this study used an oral test given to eleven students learning English in the 2020/2021 school year. This study used mobile phones to record the oral test. Their performance was analyzed using the parts of accepting and declining an invitation and four aspects of speaking: fluency, vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. The result shows that their average score is 89.5. It indicates that their dexterity is categorized as very good, and their level of mastery is excellent. However, they made 109 (48%) right and 23 (8%) wrong answers. They also faced pronunciation difficulties (11 (or" 4%) right and 55 (or: 20%) wrong answers) and grammar20 (or: 7%) right and 46 (or: 17%) wrong answers). It implies that teaching speaking should pay more attention to accepting and declining an oral invitation.
PRE-SERVICE EFL TEACHERS' PERCEPTIONS TOWARD THE MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRID LEARNING MODEL
Authors: Khabib Samsul , Rahayu Endah Yulia , Triristina Nensy
Published: April 2023

Recent innovations in online education have created an opportunity for hybrid learning, combining online and traditional learning. Hybrid learning leads to particular challenges for pre-service teachers, such as how to manage the materials. Furthermore, hybrid learning materials can be developed using technology to create multimedia content that is more interactive than traditional print materials. Digital tools such as video, sound, animations, and graphics are powerful tools in the teacher's hands to engage learners and provide immersive learning experiences. Thus, this study aimed to explore pre-service teachers' attitudes towards and perceptions of hybrid learning, how they use technology to create and manage hybrid learning materials, and what challenges they face when engaging in this new way of teaching. The participants were 55 pre-service teachers who took the Entrepreneurship Course. A mixed-method approach was employed with questionnaires, documentation, and interviews to gain the data. The researcher used descriptive statistics and content analysis to analyze the data. The study results showed that pre-service teachers perceive technology positively when appropriately used for teaching. However, they lack the technical knowledge and skills to integrate technology into their teaching practice, limiting their ability to incorporate technology in the classroom fully. Given this information, it is clear that pre-service teachers need to be provided with adequate instruction and support to ensure that they can effectively use technology in their teaching.
ANALYZING ENGLISH TEACHERS’ INSTRUCTION AND MEDIA INVOLVEMENT OF BLENDED LANGUAGE LEARNING IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Purnawati Purnawati , Forsia Lastry , Shopia Khilda
Published: April 2023

Previous researchers have widely investigated the analysis of teachers’ instruction as a micro-learning. These researches need to be continued by analyzing other teaching aspects such as the involvement of learning media and blended learning model. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the teachers’ instruction in Higher Education by using learning media in the context of the blended learning model. By employing a qualitative descriptive analysis approach, this research examined five samples of blended classes’ instruction, including two online synchronous learning, one offline synchronous learning, and two online asynchronous learning. These samples are observed, transcribed, and analyzed to highlight the specific instruction in the classes.Meanwhile, the employment of learning media was gathered using an interview with the teachers. The result of data analysis found that various teachers’ instruction can be implemented in synchronous and asynchronous classes of blended learning context to support students centered learning. Meanwhile, slide shows, Zoom, G-meet, and LMS are the media often used. Moreover, blended learning can support student-centered learning as well as offline learning. This finding contributes to the student-centered approach implementation, which aligns with the 21st-century learning model.
AN INVESTIGATION OF PLAGIARISM IN EFL THESIS GRADUATES OF ALMUSLIM UNIVERSITY
Authors: Zuhra Intan , Nofriati Eli , Dewi Silvi Listia
Published: April 2023

Along with many plagiarism issues in the academic world, types of Plagiarism and its linguistic patterns are still under investigation. This study focuses on how Almuslim University EFL graduates perceive Plagiarism. The data for this study were gathered through documents and interviews using a descriptive qualitative design. Fifteen theses were used as samples to determine Plagiarism types and linguistic patterns, and 15 respondents were interviewed to determine the factors that influence Plagiarism. The documents were coded based on the types of Plagiarism, and the respondents were asked five questions during the interview. The findings revealed that 12 of the 15 theses samples had plagiarism rates greater than 25%, and three were found to have a small percentage of Plagiarism. According to the samples, most EFL graduates completed their theses using patchwriting instead of verbatim Plagiarism. In both types of Plagiarism (literal Plagiarism and intelligence).Furthermore, the interview results revealed that Plagiarism could occur due to various factors, including a lack of information, a desire to finish it quickly, an adverse environmental influence, and viewing the thesis as a graduate formality. Furthermore, the findings of this study can be used to educate others about the various types, causes, and contributing factors to Plagiarism. As a result, lecturers and universities can take precautionary measures to avoid Plagiarism in the future.
Book Review of Disciplinary Literacy and Gamified Learning in Elementary Classrooms: Questing Through Time and Space
Authors: Noonen Sheila Marie
Published: April 2023

Disciplinary Literacy and Gamified Learning in Elementary Classrooms: Questing Through Time and Space is a handbook for launching quest-based learning activities in the elementary classroom. The work collates resources that support content area learning and multi-modal literacy. Students are centered in the learning activities as creators and players, thus making learning an active and engaging experience. Each unit articulates the learning standards, lesson objectives, and evaluation methods, effectively serving as a paradigm of best practices in teaching. This resource is complemented by an online resource hub for each unit of study, which includes a supplementary website, videos, and printable lesson plans.
Book Review: The Complete Guide to Blended Learning: Activating Agency, Differentiation, Community and Inquiry for Students
Authors: Burton April
Published: April 2023

In The Complete Guide to Blended Learning: Activating Agency, Differentiation, Community and Inquiry for Students, Catlin Tucker continues to support teacher wellness and student accountability.  Unlike her previous books on blended learning, this book focuses on designing and developing a learning community that positively impacts both students and teachers.  Recognizing that technology has become a mainstay in classrooms, Tucker provides recommendations that support educators in the selective use of digital tools to empower students to take an active role in their learning at all levels.
Mechanization Status, its Technical Indicators and Impact on the Wheat Crop Production in Iraq
Authors: Turky Thaer , Isaak Momtaz , Hassan Naseem A. , Sabah Khalid
Published: April 2023

Increase of the number of tractors and harvesters working in agriculture improves significantly the number of agricultural land operations, harvest efficiency and eliminates primitive farming methods. The production expansion is either horizontal through exploitation and reclamation of more areas or vertical such as introduction of technological variables in the same unit area. The current study aims to investigate the gap of the ratio of the number of tractors and harvesters to the agricultural area, its technical indicators and its impact on the wheat crop production. Data were obtained from agricultural departments and divisions of the Salah al-Din Agriculture Directorate to calculate some of the indicators of the technological and technical evaluation. Tables were prepared with the numbers of tractors and agricultural harvesters that cover the cultivation and harvest campaign. Their horsepower was proven and then converted to the kilowatt unit, as well as the agricultural areas within the agricultural plan that is implemented by the Directorate for four seasons. The surplus power of agricultural tractors contributed to the increase in the executed agricultural areas and requirements of agricultural operations such as tillage, harrows, and leveling contrary to agricultural harvesters, in which case there was a gap in the decrease of the number of agricultural combines in relation to the implemented agricultural plan, which, as a result, may cause a loss in wheat crop harvesting on the specified date. The mechanical harvest contributed to the increase in the grain received from the wheat by the grain trading company in the province, which brings economic returns to the farmer.
The Earliest Cyrtina (Brachiopoda, Cyrtinidina) in the Devonian of the Barrandian (Czech Republic)
Authors: Mergl Michal
Published: April 2023

The earliest known Cyrtina in the Prague Basin has been discovered in the Kotýs Limestone of the Lochkov Formation (Lochkovian) among a rich brachiopod-coral fauna at Branžovy ridge near Bubovice (Beroun District, Czechia). Rare and imperfectly preserved silicified shells are assigned to Cyrtina praecedens Kozłovski, 1929, a species originally described from Podolia, Ukraine. The species is known also in north-eastern Russia (Tajmyr and Sette-Daban Mts) and likely also in New South Wales, Australia. Its distribution provides evidence of the rapid spread of Cyrtina across the shallow shelves of Laurussia, Siberia and Gondwana in the Early Devonian. The Devonian and Carboniferous distribution of Cyrtina is restricted to the agitated, shallow-water carbonate environment in tropical and temperate climatic belts.
Heterosporangia in Isoetes Pantii (Isoetaceae, Pteridophyta): Revealing the Beginnings of Heterospory and Recalling Paleozoic Ancestors?
Authors: Bek Jiří , Goswami Hit Kishore
Published: April 2023

The extant plant genus Isoetes (Isoetaceae; lycophyte, quillwort) is important from an evolutionary point of view. Species of this heterosporous genus are small herbs (up to 50 centimeters) and exhibit some morphological, anatomical and embryological features of their Paleozoic arborescent lycopsid ancestors. The species Isoetes pantii produces three kinds of microspores (monolete, alete and trilete) and two types of trilete megaspores in one and the same heterosporangium. We attempt to associate these unusual functional megaspores with various Paleozoic spores described mainly from Devonian barinophytaleans such as Omniastrobus dawsonii, Barinophyton richardsonii, B. citrulliforme and Protobarinophyton pennsylvanicum. These have two kinds of spores in a sporangium and provide the first palynological evidence of heterospory at 405 Ma. The germination of microspores and megaspores and production of gametophytes within the heterosporangia of I. pantii corresponds with that of some of its Paleozoic ancestors. Retention of megaspores within heterosporangia and their germination in situ offers evidence that I. pantii exhibits the probable route of evolution of the seed habit. These observations support the hypothesis that a typical heterosporangium was the cradle for the evolution of heterospory.
Diminutive Epibionts on Crinoid Stems from the Lower/Middle Devonian Boundary in the Barrandian, Czech Republic
Authors: Mergl Michal , Šmídtová Nikola
Published: April 2023

Diminutive crinoid holdfasts and cemented tests of the foraminifers Psammosphaera and Tolypammina were observed on coarse bioclasts in weathered limestones of the Daleje-Třebotov Formation. Specimens were obtained in 1984 by washing so called “white beds” at a temporary locality in Praha- Barrandov. A few millimeter sized bioclasts with epibionts were freed from hard limestone beds of the Třebotov Limestone near the Lower/Middle Devonian boundary by long-term weathering. Many of the crinoid holdfasts attached to pluricolumnals provoked a stereomic response of the host crinoid. Also the growth orientation of the crinoid epibiont is not random and indicates some crinoid-epibiont to crinoidhost interaction. Reaction of host stereome and non-random stem orientation offer direct evidence of epibiont larval settlement and subsequent growth on the stem of a living crinoid host. The extensive growth of the host stereome ended by partial to total engulfing of the epibiont holdfast. This indicates advancing and finally successful defence of the host crinoid against the epibiont. The holdfast gives evidence that the small host crinoids offered a somewhat higher tier for even smaller epibiont crinoids. However, other observed holdfasts indicate fixation of larva and growth over loose bioclasts lying on a sea bed. Location of foraminifer test on bioclasts confims that foraminifers cemented and grew on loose echinodermal and brachiopod remains and preferred crevices and similar protected sites with concave profiles. This is clear evidence that diverse bioclasts (brachiopod shells, pelmatozoan ossicles) provided the hard substrate suitable for epibiont life on a sea bed.
Seminal Insights Concerning the Variety of Sidertic Structures and Variable Genesis and of Sideritic Occurrences: An Unexplored Source of Palaeontological Information (Sydney Coalfield, Middle Pennsylvanian, Canada)
Authors: Zodrow Erwin L. , Pšenička Josef
Published: April 2023

Reported are descriptions of twelve samples representing a variety of sideritic structures, including nodules mostly from roof shale of the Middle Pennsylvanian Sydney Coalfield, Canada. The co-occurrence of fossiliferous nodules and compression fossils in the shaley roof rocks at Point Aconi enhance greatly palaeontological information. Newly discovered in a coal seam, and part of the sample, is a 40 mm thick continuous sheet-like layer of siderite with abundant permineralized-like-compressed small to micron-sized structures in a rather evenly-sized sideritic matrix, probably indicating a genetic origin different from that of the nodules. Methods include some thin-section, and two X-Ray analysis. However, large systematic sampling is a prerequisite to explore that situation, which additionally could provide faunal information for Euromerican correlation.
The Rare Trilobites Exallaspis (Odontopleuridae) and Kosovoproetus? (Tropidocoryphidae) in the Homerian (Silurian) Of The Prague Basin, Bohemian Massif
Authors: Hartl František , Vokáč Václav , Pavlovič Miroslav , Mrázek Tomáš , Šafka Martin
Published: April 2023

The deep-water Aulacopleura koninckii Assemblage in the lower Homerian (T. testis Sub-Biozone) “Aulacopleura shales“ strata at the classical ‘Barrande’s pits’ locality on the Černidla hillside at Loděnice in the Prague Basin is supplemented by the addition of two new trilobite taxa, viz. Exallaspis? perunicana sp. n. and Kosovoproetus? aff. praecursor (Přibyl & Vaněk 1987). The palaeogeographic distribution of Exallapis Ramsköld & Chatterton, 1991 is extended by the occurrence of Exallaspis? perunicana sp. n. and the younger Exallaspis sp. in the upper Homerian (the P. parvus – G. nassa Biozone) of the Prague Basin, reflecting the faunal migration between the southern shelf of the Baltica palaeocontinent and the Perunica microcontinent accross the Rheic Ocean. The small dimensions of the K.? aff. praecursor exoskeletons compared to those of K.? praecursor in the bordering shallow-water Liolalax–Sphaerexochus– Cheirurus Assemblage represent another example of adaptive nanism in trilobites of the Aulacopleura-Raphiophorus Biofacies.
Construction of the Metro Line D in Praha-Pankrác: An Introductory Report About a Unique Opportunity for Study of the Upper Ordovician Fossil Assemblages and Sediments in the Prague Basin (Czech Republic)
Authors: Bruthansová Jana , Bruthans Jiří , Kraft Petr
Published: April 2023

The construction of the new metro line D in Praha-Pankrác provides a unique opportunity to study different aspects such as lithology, stratigraphy and fossil assemblages from the Upper Ordovician and Silurian of the Prague Basin. Results from the sections in tunnels mined so far allowed detailed information about the succession of fossil assemblages, facies variability and actual thicknesses of the upper part of the Bohdalec Formation, the Králův Dvůr and Kosov formations in this part of Prague Basin. The stratigraphic position of Michle Facies in the Bohdalec Formation was also indicated.
Internationalisation of Higher Education Curriculum as a Strategy for Preparing Future Youth Workers
Authors: Sawicki Krzysztof , Żyłkiewicz-Płońska Emilia
Published: April 2023

Educating future youth workers is a particular challenge for higher education. It results not only in the acquisition of basic knowledge and skills, but also in the implementation of the glocal perspective. In this aspect, the process of internationalization of higher education is a key element enabling optimal shaping of future youth workers’ vocational identity.

The article presents an international strategic partnership project enabling such activities in the area of bachelor’s studies. Its theoretical layer (Positive Youth Development) and intellectual outputs were presented. Moreover, learning, teaching and training activities, which are the result of the testing of the educational module, were introduced. The opportunity to participate in such international activities enables future social professionals to creatively approach youth problems at the local level using a broader perspective and mechanisms based not only on identifying risk and problems but also on resources and opportunities for positive development. The results worked out in the project can form the basis to develop learning, teaching and training activities for future youth workers outside partner universities.
The Result of the Meeting of Voluntary Migrants with Forced Migrants at the Volunteering Background – Research Report
Authors: Butarewicz-Głowacka Agata , Dowgiert Martyna , Suchocka Amelia
Published: April 2023

The aim of the paper is to present the specificity of voluntary work of Erasmus+ Spanish students (voluntary migrants) in aid of children in Polish primary schools attended by foreigners (often forced migrants). The first – theoretical part of the text presents the outline of migration issues, including forced and educational migration as well as voluntary work. The second part of the text shows methodological assumptions of qualitative research, which was conducted using the method of individual cases in June 2022 among Spanish volunteers working on behalf of the Dialog Foundation in Bialystok, Poland. Chosen research results concerning the activities undertaken by the volunteers, their motivation to act and the multilateral benefits from their work have been shown. In the light of the results of the research, Spanish volunteers contributed to the integration of pupils in the primary schools, in which they conducted workshops. The results of the research may hopefully be useful to develop further educational research concerning volunteering in aid of children in an intercultural environment.
Value Behaviour Norm Theory Approach to Predict Private Sphere Pro-Environmental Behaviour among University Students
Authors: Arya Bhavana , Kumar Harshita
Published: April 2023

Despite the fact that university students have significant potential to influence the future state of the environment, few academic researchers have focused on environmental behaviour among university students in less developed and developing countries. In the extant literature, there is a need to assess the significance of value behaviour norm theory in different ‘private-sphere’ or ‘daily life’ human behaviours. This paper aimed to assess a possible chain effect between individual values, environmental consciousness and personal norms to promote private sphere Pro-Environmental behaviour among university students. (N = 267). Multiple regression analysis results revealed that Altruistic Values (AV), Egoistic Values (EGV), New Ecological Paradigm (NEP), and Ascription of Responsibility (AR) significantly predicted Pro-Environmental Behaviour (PEB). However, Biospheric Values (BV), Awareness of Consequences (AC), and Personal Norm (PPN) do not significantly predict Pro-Environmental Behaviour (PEB). The Value Behaviour Norm Theory (VBN) model explained a significant amount of variance (65.6 %) in predicting Private Sphere Pro-Environmental Behaviour in University Students. Results indicate that University students may benefit from awareness programs on the VBN model which may improve their Pro-Environmental behaviour.
Blockchain for open scientific collaboration and impact (published in AESIS General Newsletter November 2022)
Authors: Sharples Michael
Published: April 2023

Blockchain for open scientific collaboration and impact

Authors: Mike Sharples, Emeritus Professor of Educational Technology Institute of Educational Technology, The Open University, and Jason E. Barkeloo, Founder/Chair, Open Therapeutics, United Kingdom.

How do you set up an incentive system that rewards scientists for open collaboration? That was the issue tackled in “The Blockchain and Kudos: A Distributed System for Educational Record, Reputation and Reward”. That approach uses a blockchain, best known for recording cryptocurrency transactions, at the heart of a new scientific record and reward system. Organizations and intellectual workers are given an initial award of “educational reputation currency” (“Kudos”) stored on a blockchain. Then any person or institution can make a reputational transaction. An institution might announce a breakthrough by posting the findings on the blockchain and transferring some of its Kudos to the team that did the work. An individual could publish a paper on the blockchain which is timestamped and archived. Other people then transfer some of their Kudos to the author, to boost the reputation of that person’s work. The basic idea – combining blockchain, open collaboration, and reputation currency – is the core of the open science platform Therapoid.  It provides researchers with ScienceCoins cryptocurrency when they collaborate. Researchers and students in economically challenged areas could particularly benefit from the monetary awards. This award model can be extended to non-fungible tokens (NFTs), which can also be monetized.
Comparison of Learning Spacecraft Path-Planning Solutions from Imitation in Three-Body Dynamics
Authors: Parmar Kanak , Taheri Ehsan , Guzzetti Davide
Published: April 2023

Spacecraft path-planning approaches that are capable of producing not only autonomous but also generalized solutions promise to open new modalities for robotic exploration and servicing in orbit environments characterized by epistemic uncertainty. Our hypothesis is that, in face of large systemic uncertainties, learning control policies from human demonstrations may offer a pathway to spacecraft guidance solutions that are more generalizable and complementary of baseline-dependent methods. In this context, the performance discrepancy between spacecraft path-planning policies trained from human demonstrations and optimal baseline solutions has not been characterized. We define a low-thrust, minimum-time transfer problem with predefined boundary constraints, across a wide range of binary asteroid systems, which form a “sandbox” environment for complex, highly variable, and poorly known orbit environments. Trajectories generated using optimal control theory (both indirect and direct methods) and human demonstrations (from a gamified version of the baseline environment) are collected. We test different implementations of behavioral cloning to analyze both feed forward and stateless long short-term memory regressions. As a result, we collect initial empirical evidence of performance degradation during cloning (compared to precisely optimal behavior) and performance stability across variations of the environment parameters. Such evidence informs the selection and improvement of the behavioral cloning architecture in future studies.