bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Efeito da Compressão de Páginas no sistema DSM PULSAR
Authors: Marino Mário Donato , Ordonez Edward D. M. , Kofuji Sérgio T.
Published: September 2022

PULSAR é o primeiro DSM (Distributed Shared Memory System) implementado em software que além de utilizar a Consistência de Liberação, utiliza também o algoritmo de compressão de Huffman para minimizar a quantidade de dados transmitida para a manutenção da consistência. Está sendo avaliado com dois programas aplicativos: uma Eliminação de Gauss e o Water (SPLASH I). Os resultados ao se adotar o PULSAR com compressão são muito promissores: para o aplicativo Gauss, houve uma redução de 91% dos dados transmitidos pela rede e o speedup atingiu o máximo de 17 %, ambos comparados ao mesmo programa com o PULSAR sem compressão. Para o Water houve uma redução mâxima de 30% dos dados transmitidos e um speedup de cerca de 3%, comparados a versão PULSAR sem compressão.
A parallelization technique applied to the computation of rotating flows in cavities
Authors: Cunha Rudnei Dias da , Bortoli Álvaro Luiz de
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we investigate the parallel solution to the rotating internal flow problems, using the Navier-Stokes equations as proposed in [ST83] and [SPE85]. A Runge-Kutta time-stepping scheme was applied to the equations and both sequential and message-passing implementations were developed, the latter using MPI, and were tested on an SGI Origin200 distributed, global shared memory parallel computer. The results show that our approach to parallelize the sequential implementation requires little effort whilst providing good results even for medium-sized problems, on this particular computer.
Parallelizing CPTEC' s General Circulation Model
Authors: Tamaoki Jonas N. , Bonatti José Paulo , Panetta Jairo , Tomita Simone
Published: September 2022

We describe the first parallel version or CPTEC's General Circulation Model, targeting a 4 processor, shared memory NEC SX4. This paper emphasizes techniques to parallelize vintage production code, keeping results reproducible. Measured speed-ups compare favorably with Amdahl's Law predicted values.
HetNOS Threads: Programação Multithreaded Distribuída
Authors: Mantay Vinicius , Geyer Cláudio Fernando Resin
Published: September 2022

O pacote de programação HetNOS Threads visa a união de duas importantes tecnologias de desenvolvimento de aplicações paralelas e distribuídas, que são os pacotes de programação multithreaded e a utilização de programação distribuída em redes de computadores com alta velocidade de comunicação. O modelo de programação adotado tem por objetivo oferecer ao desenvolvedor desta classe de aplicações ferramentas para a exploração de paralelismo tanto de alta quanto de baixa granulosidade. Essas metas são alcançadas com a combinação de um pacote de programação multithreaded, as Pthreads, com o sistema operacional de rede HetNOS. São oferecidas primitivas de comunicação entre processos e threads distribuídos via troca de mensagens, manipulação remota destas entidades e variáveis de sincronização distribuídas, de maneira a proporcionar as funcionalidades necessárias ao desenvolvimento de aplicações paralelas distribuídas aliandofacilidade de uso, programação intuitiva e desempenho eficiente.
Simultaneous Speculation Scheduling
Authors: Unger A. , Ungerer Th. , Zehendner E.
Published: September 2022

Simultaneous Speculation Scheduling (S3) is a combined compiler and architecture technique to control multiple path execution. lt can be applied for dual path branch speculation in case of unpredictable branches and for multiple path speculative execution of loop iterations. Loop-carried dependences are handled by data dependence prediction. Architectural requirements are a minimal form of multithreaded processor architecture and three new instructions (fork, sync, wait). Simulation results show performance gains of up to 40% over purely static scheduling techniques by applying the S3 technique to branches in kernel sections of SPECint95 benchmark programs.
A Stall Metric to Track Communication Performance
Authors: Mink Alan , Salamon Wayne , Lndovina Michael
Published: September 2022

Probing the communication protocol stack in Linux PC-based clusters to investigate erratic TCP/IP performance has led to a new metric, data stream stall, which is analogous to instruction stream stall in CPUs. Data stream stalling correlates well with unexpected throughput performance dips; the dips are usually due to delayed ACKs or questionable handling of them. We illustrate the use of this data stream stall metric by isolating and correcting the cause of these communication throughput dips in our version of Linux (2.0.29). The availability of this data stream stall metric would provide useful feedback to users by indicating deficient communications performance.
Explorando Conceitos e Mecanismos de Memória Compartilhada Distribuída em Entrada/Saída Paralela
Authors: Osthoff Carla , Bianchini Ricardo , Seidel Cristiana , Mattoso Marta , Amorim Claudio L.
Published: September 2022

Parallel applications from several areas, such as scientific computing and commercial databases, require high-performance input/output (I/O) systems. This paper proposes the exploitation of software-based distributed shared-memory (software DSM) concepts and mechanisms to optimize disk caching and, as a result, substantially improve the I/O performance of parallel systems. More specifically, the main contribution of the paper is a set of mechanisms that allow us: (a) to move the coherence of disk data to the main memory level; (b) to utilize a relaxed consistency model for the disk data accesses; and (c) to save disk cache space. In order to evaluate our ideas, we are currently implementing the DSMIO system for a prototype parallel database manager using the IBM-SP multicomputer system. Our preliminary results show that the database benchmarks that benefit the most from oursystem can achieve 99% reductions in execution time. We conclude that the exploitation of software DSM concepts and mechanisms indeed significantly improve the I/O performance of parallel database applications.
Avaliação de Modelos de Acesso à Memória de Dados em Arquiteturas Super Escalares
Authors: Pereira Emmanuel M. , Chaves Filho Eliseu M.
Published: September 2022

The execution of data memory access instructions is an important issue for processor performance, due to the high frequency of such instructions. This work focus on the execution of memory access instructions in superscalar architectures. Several different memory access models are evaluated, ranging from a simple mechanism in which memory access instructions are executed sequentially in order, to a mechanism which executes memory access instructions in pipeline, out of order and speculatively.
Wang Zongyue's Taijiquan Discourse: the Biomechanics of Dongjin
Authors: Ong C.P.
Published: September 2022

We present in this following paper a verse-by-verse translation of the Taijiquan Discourse, with annotations in the framework of biomechanics. In the text, dongjin 懂劲 the “comprehension of jin” crystallizes as a central concept. Dongjin can be viewed as how the body comprehends, and interacts functionally with force. While the body relates to force by its strength and functionality, the Taiji body, is considered to be instilled with dongjin, and perceives the force associated with jin (劲) as “soft” (rou) and “hard” (gang), which correspond to the vector quantities of the force, namely, direction and magnitude. In most cases the common response to an attacking force is to fight back, in a direct force- against-force interaction, which creates a “double- weighted” conditions (shuangzhong 双重) that tenses up, and traps the body from being able to maneuver. This renders the body vulnerable. Dongjin enables the body to respond to the incoming force by making postural adjustments to receive force at an angle, at the moment of impact, thus deflecting and mitigating it. In other words, the body uses the rou component (softness) to absorb and neutralize the incoming force. Also, dongjin accords liveliness and spontaneity in the response of rou and gang, which is a fundamental feature of martial skills. Dongjin is more comprehensive than perceiving force as a vector; it enables the body to use the dynamics of rou and gang functionally in its application, with great efficacy. Dongjin forms the biomechanical basis for Taijiquan's key strategy of responding with rou-softness in martial interactions (yi rou wei zhu 以柔为主).
The research on the coupling relationship between human skeleton and fascia in Taĳi from the perspective of spatial structure
Authors: Xu Zili , Juan Chen Juan
Published: September 2022

This paper analyzes the spatial structure and movement characteristics of bones in Taiji movement, and puts forward the viewpoint that the human body forms a "rigid and flexible" coupled movement force system with the bones and fascia during Taiji movement, and this relates to the structural forces experiences by the human body in Taiji movement. In Taiji movement, the fascia wraps and connects bones in series. This forms a rigid flexible coupling prestressed force system in the human body. It is believed that to understand the ancient process of Taiji scientifically, it will be required to undertake a combined study of fascia science, fluid mechanics, spatial structure mechanics, modern kinematics, with other research disciplines.
Effect of Heat Treatment Conditions on Resistance Spot Weldability of 1.8 GPa-grade Al-Si Coated Hot Stamping Boron Steel
Authors: Kim Jaehun , Jun Hyunuk , Kim Wonho , Cheon Jooyong , Kim Jaedeuk , Jo Ilguk , Ji Changwook
Published: September 2022

This study entailed resistance spot welding conducted using 1.8 GPa-grade hot stamping boron steel heat-treated under varied conditions. The relationship between weldability and melting behavior of the intermetallic layer during resistance spot welding was examined. As regards the four heat treatment conditions beyond the austenitic temperature, it was found that the intermetallic layer thickened with increased time and temperature. Furthermore, the contact resistance also increased with increased time and temperature of the heat treatment. This was mainly because of the expansion of the area of Al-Fe-based intermetallic phases (e.g., FeAl2 and Fe2Al5) within the intermetallic layer. Contact resistance induces the thickening of the intermetallic layer and results, even with a low current, in the occurrence of expulsion due to the high heat generation in the faying surface. Subsequently, the weldable current range became narrow, and satisfying the property requirements was challenging. The welding using the heat treatment condition of 900 °C and 5 min showed sufficient current path area. This can be attributed to the phenomenon that the intermetallic layer was forced out to the rim of the corona bond area at an early stage of the welding. However, the welding using other conditions showed that the intermetallic layer remained on the border of the nugget and corona bond areas it was observed and verified via electron probe micro analysis. Consequently, the nugget was insufficiently formed and the fracture mode was a partial interfacial fracture. On the contrary, it was found that the adoption of the pre-pulse could enhance the weldability of all conditions by obtaining a larger contact area.
A FILOSOFIA DO CAPITALISMO HUMANISTA DE BRUNELLO CUCINELLI E A MATERIALIZAÇÃO DA SUSTENTABILIDADE HUMANISTA NO ÂMBITO EMPRESARIAL
Authors: Teixeira Alessandra Vanessa , Pilau Sobrinho Liton Lanes , Cruz Paulo Márcio
Published: September 2022

O presente estudo aborda a filosofia do capitalismo humanista de Brunello Cucinelli, a qual demonstra ser possível uma empresa aliar o capitalismo com o humanismo e a sustentabilidade, levando em consideração, em primeiro lugar, o respeito e a valorização à dignidade da pessoa humana, verificando-se a partir disso a materialização da sustentabilidade humanista no âmbito empresarial. Inicialmente, é feita a apresentação da biografia de Cucinelli e, na sequência, são expostos alguns fatos relacionados à sua vida, pessoal e profissional, que justificam a sua filosofia de vida e de trabalho. Ao final, demonstra-se que a empresa Brunello Cucinelli é a materialização da ideia de dimensão humanista da sustentabilidade. Quanto à metodologia empregada, registra-se que na fase de investigação foi utilizado o método indutivo, na fase de tratamento de dados o método cartesiano e no relatório dos resultados foi empregada a base lógica indutiva.
Por alusiones. Referencias personales a inmigrantes en grupos de discusión con españoles sobre la recuperación económica
Authors: Ruiz Ruiz Jorge , Mariscal-de-Gante Álvaro
Published: September 2022

En España la profunda crisis económica que se inicia en 2008 no supuso un aumento importante del rechazo a los inmigrantes entre la población autóctona, como se habría podido esperar en base a la teoría del conflicto intergrupal. Una vez superada la crisis económica se plantea la pregunta de en qué medida esta aceptación mayoritaria de la inmigración en España se mantiene, así como si es sólida o sostenible en el tiempo. En este artículo ofrecemos algunas respuestas a estas importantes cuestiones a partir del análisis de los discursos producidos en 9 Grupos de Discusión con españoles autóctonos realizados en 2019. En concreto, se trata de un análisis microscópico o de detalle centrado en las alusiones personales a inmigrantes, es decir, referencias a personas concretas identificadas como inmigrantes, que se producen en las conversaciones grupales. Mediante este análisis se pretendió detectar posibles actitudes de rechazo ocultadas o disimuladas en las expresiones discursivas más explícitas. Los resultados apuntan a que el rechazo a los inmigrantes es muy escaso y discursivamente débil incluso en estas alusiones personales. Pero más que una aceptación incondicional de la inmigración las alusiones se muestran ambivalentes, con una relativamente frecuente expresión de críticas y reproches que sin embargo no derivan en hostilidad o animadversión. Esta ambivalencia confiere a estas actitudes un cierto carácter precario o inestable.
In Spain, the deep economic crisis that started in 2008 did not lead to a significant increase in the rejection of immigrants among the local population, as might have been expected from group threat theory. Once the economic crisis has been overcome, the question arises of to what extent this majority acceptance of immigration in Spain is maintained, as well as whether it is solid or sustainable over time. In this article we offer some answers to these important questions based on the analysis of the discourses produced in 9 Discussion Groups with Spaniards held in 2019. Specifically, it consists of a microscopic or detailed analysis focused on personal allusions to immigrants, i.e. references to specific persons identified as immigrants, which emerged during in the group conversations. Through this analysis, we aim to detect possible attitudes of rejection which may be hidden or dissembled in the most explicit discursive expressions. The results suggest that rejection of immigrants is very scarce and discursively weak, even in these personal allusions. But more than an unconditional acceptance of immigration, the allusions are ambivalent, with a relatively frequent expression of criticism and reproach, which however did not arrive to overt hostility or animosity. This ambivalence makes these attitudes more a certain precarious or unstable.
Early-Stage Design of Novel Vessels: How can we Take a Step Forward?
Authors: Charisi Nikoleta Dimitra , Hopman Hans , Kana Austin
Published: September 2022

The aim of this paper is to discuss the challenges associated with the early-stage design of novel and reliable vessels, and discuss the expected benefit of the application of multi-fidelity models in this specific problem. During early-stage design of novel or complex vessels, the naval architect aims to explore the multi-dimensional design space to identify the most promising solutions and identify key trade-offs. The goal is to understand the relationship between the design drivers and the key performance indicators (KPIs) which will lead to the formulation of the main design decisions. This analysis is typically performed with the help of bespoke early-stage design tools. Traditionally, early-stage design tools are computationally cheap, but lack in accuracy. These tools have been developed based on gained design knowledge such as empirical and semi-empirical methods, historical data, and experts’ opinions. However, for the design of novel vessels, these tools are not sufficient because they have typically been developed based on the experience gained from traditional vessels. The early-stage design of novel vessels is challenging because there is very limited existing knowledge about both the design drivers and the KPIs due to their inherent nature of being “novel”. The first part of the paper discusses the challenges associated with the design of novel vessels. Two novel hull designs were examined as qualitative case studies, namely the USS Zumwalt (DDG1000) and Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) – Independent variant, to identify the design drivers and KPIs connected with the design of novel vessels by following a bottom-up approach. Ensuring the vessel’s reliability is a major design aspect for all novel designs. To achieve this, analysis via high fidelity tools is traditionally required. Typically, high fidelity tools are used later on in the design process due to their high computational requirements and the detailed design information required. However, the application of multi-fidelity models (MFMs) in the design process is a promising technique in order to introduce high fidelity models earlier on in the design process. The second part of the paper focuses on an extended literature review on the application of the multi-fidelity models to the design of complex engineering systems. Finally, the most promising methods for this specific problem are identified and discussed.
An Evaluation of Suitable Methods to Deal with Deep Uncertainty Caused by the Energy Transition in Ship Design
Authors: Zwaginga Jesper J. , Pruyn Jeroen F. J.
Published: September 2022

The maritime industry is transitioning toward zero emission. To ensure compliance with future emission reduction regulations, many different alternative fuels and technology options are being investigated and evaluated. However, as these are ongoing developments, this results in varying and changing data on the performance and requirements of options. On top of that, while regulatory ambitions are aiming for increasingly larger reductions of Green House Gases (GHG) and other harmful substances, the level and details of the future regulations are unknown and subject to ongoing scientific and societal discussions. The level of uncertainty regarding regulation and technology for the energy transition can be defined as being deeply uncertain, which means uncertainty cannot be ordered in terms of possibility or occurrence. Although uncertainty is not uncommon in ship design, ship owners and designers are faced with an unprecedented level of uncertainty and require new methods to deal with this.

This paper therefore investigates and compares several methods that could be used to increase the feasibility of future energy carriers in the design process, while accounting for the uncertainty in regulation and technical details of alternative fuels. Three promising methods were identified in a literature research: Firstly, Dynamic Adaptive Policy Pathways (DAPP) evaluates alternative options and develops possible pathways to compliance. Secondly, Responsive Systems Comparison (RSC) determines performance of a design in established scenarios (epoch), also allowing evaluation including retrofit (changeability). Thirdly, Robust Decision making (RDM) explores the effect of uncertainties on a pre-specified design and analyses its vulnerability. Within this paper, a first comparison is carried out by applying each method to a general cargo ship case. The goal is to better understand the usability and potential of each method for the energy transition in shipping.

Each of the researched methods was shown to allow for different insights in option performance in uncertain conditions during the early design stage. With DAPP providing a global, but clear overview of the possible future pathways toward emission reduction compliance of the design, RSC giving a more detailed insight of technology options in specific scenarios (including evaluation of changeability in a scenario) and RDM allowing a more in depth research of the alternative fuel’s parameters and the circumstances under which these might comply. With each method demonstrating its own strength, future research will develop more realistic and complex designs and processes to be applied to a combination of the beneficial aspects of two or more methods.
Investigating Automation and Future Short Sea Shipping Concepts
Authors: Pawling Rachel Jean
Published: September 2022

Short Sea Shipping remains a topic of interest in various nations with long coastlines, both as a means to offload road and rail, and to potentially reduce both harmful emissions and costs. Short Sea Shipping concepts have included both automated options and conventional ones using crewed vehicles and ships. However, vehicle technologies have advanced significantly over the last decade, particularly in the fields of electrical propulsion and automation, the later ranging from simple features such cruise control, to more complex ones such as automated parking. Increasing electrification as a vehicle standard also enables innovative technologies such as mechanum wheels. Combined, these automotive technologies may allow Short Sea Shipping automation without the extensive infrastructure changes implied by studies in the first decade of this century.

This paper describes ongoing research at UCL, examining the impacts of these increasingly widespread technologies on Short Sea Shipping. This topic has been investigated via; post-graduate group ship design projects; individual student research projects; and “exemplar” designs examining specific aspects. The paper will begin with a review of some past Short Sea Shipping concepts, before turning to how automation and vehicle technology have developed in recent years. The methods and findings of two student projects using simulation tools to investigate automation both in the port and the ship will be described. The paper will also describe an example design for a novel Ro-Ro cargo ship using a combination of transverse and vertical cargo loading, using smaller holds rather than the long, open vehicle decks on current Ro-Ro vessels.
USE OF MACHINE LEARNING TO PREDICT PROFIT IN LPG DISTRIBUTION IN METROPOLITAN LIMA
Authors: VALLEJOS ROMERO DIEGO ADOLFO , DEUDOR FERNANDEZ CHRISTIAN CARLOS , GARCIA LOPEZ IVAN JESUS
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT:
The present descriptive quantitative research tries to find out which machine learning model is the most efficient to predict the utility of a bulk liquefied petroleum gas trading company in Metropolitan Lima. To determine daily profit, which will be a variable dependent on the output model. This dependent parameter has five independent variables: sale price, quantity sold, purchase cost, transportation cost and kilometers traveled, as well as the values with the highest correlation coefficients.
There are several machine learning models, for this research the Artificial Neural Networks, Multiple Linear Regression and Random Forest models will be used, which estimated the utility through their own mathematical algorithms. To simulate the algorithms of the mentioned models, the Python program was used. These models were trained to learn and validate 70% and 30% of the database, that is, of the 235 data collected, 165 data were used to calibrate and 70 data to validate. When making the comparison between the automatic learning models for the estimation of the daily utility of the trading company, the Random Forest model was obtained as the best option, obtaining an R2 of 0.959 and also having the lowest statistical error rates with respect to the models. of Artificial Neural Networks and Multiple Linear Regression.
Keywords: Machine learning, artificial neural networks, multiple linear regression, Random Forest and predictive models.
Key Impacts on Environmental Improvements in Case of Road Transport Companies
Authors: Arsić Siniša , Peulić Velibor , Jovanović Dragutin , Arsić Miloš
Published: September 2022

This research includes the analysis of key impacts on environmental improvements, which are engaged in road transport of cargo or passengers. The basic assumption of this paper is that the level of fulfilment of environmental standards (measured by decreasing emissions of harmful gasses) is largely conditioned by the external influences, such as business strategy, performance or logistics management activities. The main goal of this paper is to theoretically identify key impact in the case of transport companies when it comes to potential for improvements of environmental indicators. Improvements for the living environment can be caused by fleet renewal, tighter vehicle lifecycle management and via different government regulations. Key findings suggest that the fact whether a road transport company does business internationally. Future research involves extending this sample of road transport companies to all Balkan countries, who are members of the EU or are candidate countries. Additionally, future research should be including additional environmental indicators that are not conventionally measured during vehicle inspections.
Influence of Geometric Elements of Roundabouts on Speed at the Approach
Authors: Davidović Slavko , Mićić Spasoje , Stanković Srećko
Published: September 2022

Research conducted in recent decades has shown that there are significant variations in speed at roundabouts depending on the geometric elements. Due to the characteristics of roundabouts and the way vehicles move, there is a reduction in speed, not only in the roundabout zone, but also at the approaches to the roundabout. This paper analyzes the influence of different types of roundabouts as one of the elements of the street system, on speed as one of the basic parameters of traffic flow that defines the functionality and quality of traffic conditions. The research of speeds was done on the approaches to the roundabout, as one of the characteristic segments of the roundabout.
Análise temporal do nascimento e hospitalização de crianças prematuras em município brasileiro de fronteira
Authors: Silva Kauhany de Souza , Grebinski Ana Tamara Kolecha Giordani , Ferreira Helder , Zilly Adriana , Silva Rosane Meire Munhak da
Published: September 2022

Introdução: O nascimento prematuro é considerado um problema de saúde pública global, por ser responsável por altos índices de mortes infantis. Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal de nascimento e da hospitalização de crianças prematuras em município brasileiro de fronteira. Método: Estudo transversal, com coleta retrospectiva de dados que analisou 951 prontuários de recém-nascidos prematuros, hospitalizados em cuidados intensivos e ou intermediário, no período de 2013 a 2017, em Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brasil. As comparações realizadas no estudo envolveram variáveis de nascimento e da hospitalização distribuídas por anos, e o nível de significância foi p<0,05. Resultados: A incidência do nascimento prematuro foi de 10,3% e manteve-se estável nos anos estudados, no entanto, a hospitalização mostrou crescimento (37,7%-50,1%). Prematuridade extrema (12,2%-9,5%) e complicações (45,9%-21,6%) apresentaram redução, e o uso de antibióticos (50,0%-75,2%) aumentou, com resultados estatisticamente significantes (p<0,05). O tempo de ventilação mecânica invasiva (347,2-123,9 horas) e tempo de internação (29,0-24,6 dias) diminuíram nos anos estudados, sem diferenças no desfecho alta ou óbito. O diagnóstico na internação de maior ocorrência foi as afecções pulmonares. Problemas de origem infecciosa mostraram redução (7,6%-3,7%), por outro lado, em 2014 houve aumento de malformações congênitas (11,1%) e em 2016 de asfixia perinatal (33,7%). Conclusão: Embora tenha ocorrido a redução da prematuridade extrema, de complicações e dias de hospitalização, observou-se o aumento do número de recém-nascidos prematuros hospitalizados, mostrando a necessidade do (re)planejamento e da (re)organização do processo assistencial.
Hemocyte differentiation to the megacyte lineage enhances mosquito immunity against Plasmodium
Authors: Barletta Ana Beatriz F , Saha Banhisikha , Trisnadi Nathanie , Talyuli Octavio AC , Raddi Gianmarco , Barillas-Mury Carolina
Published: September 2022

Activation of Toll signaling in Anopheles gambiae by silencing Cactus, a suppressor of this pathway, enhances local release of hemocyte-derived microvesicles (HdMv), promoting activation of the mosquito complement-like system, which eliminates Plasmodium ookinetes. We uncovered the mechanism of this immune enhancement. Cactus silencing triggers a Rel1-mediated differentiation of granulocytes to the megacyte lineage, a new subpopulation of giant cells, resulting in a dramatic increase in the proportion of circulating megacytes. Megacytes are very plastic cells that are massively recruited to the basal midgut surface in response to Plasmodium infection. We show that Toll signaling modulates hemocyte differentiation and that megacyte recruitment to the midgut greatly enhances mosquito immunity against Plasmodium.
Surviving on low-energy light comes at a price
Authors: Romero Elisabet
Published: September 2022

Two species of photosynthetic cyanobacteria can thrive in far-red light but they either become less resilient to photodamage or less energy efficient.
Low Serum Level of High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Is Associated with Gastric Cancer Regardless of Sex and Tumor Stage
Authors: Nam Su Youn , Jeong Jihyeon , Lee Won Kee , Jeon Seong Woo
Published: September 2022

Background/Aims: HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) may have anti-tumor effects; however, the effects remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate sex- and tumor stage-specific association of hyperglycemia and HDL-C with gastric cancer.Materials and Methods: We used the National Health Insurance Service data. All participants underwent gastric cancer screening between January and December 2011. Hyperglycemia and HDL-C levels were categorized according to the World Health Organization guideline and Adult Treatment Panel III. Adjusted regression analysis was performed using ORs and 95% CIs.Results: Gastric cancer was detected in 10,417 of 5.49 million individuals (2.43 million men). Hyperglycemia (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.20~1.36) and low HDL-C levels (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.35~1.48) were associated with gastric cancer. In the sub-analysis by sex, hyperglycemia (≥126 mg/dL) was associated with gastric cancer in both men (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.18~1.36) and women (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.17~1.49). Low HDL-C levels were associated with gastric cancer in both men (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.40~1.58) and women (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.27~1.42). In the sub-analysis by tumor stage, hyperglycemia was associated with both early (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.08~1.20) and advanced gastric cancer (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.26~1.55). Low HDL-C levels were also associated with early (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.27~1.41) and advanced gastric cancer (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.74~2.13).Conclusions: Hyperglycemia and low HDL-C levels are consistently associated with gastric cancer regardless of sex or tumor stage.
Bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes prevent hyperoxia-induced apoptosis of primary type II alveolar epithelial cells in vitro
Authors: Yang Wei , Huang Chao , Wang Wenjian , Zhang Baozhu , Chen Yunbin , Xie Xinlin
Published: September 2022

Background

The presence of alveolar epithelial type II cells (AECIIs) is one of the most important causes of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Exosomes from bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can reduce hyperoxia-induced damage and provide better results in terms of alveolar and pulmonary vascularization parameters than BMSCs. Currently, intervention studies using BMSC-derived exosomes on the signaling pathways regulating proliferation and apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells under the condition of BPD have not been reported. This study investigated the effects of rat BMSC-derived exosomes on the proliferation and apoptosis of hyperoxia-induced primary AECIIs in vitro.

Methods

The isolated AECIIs were grouped as follows: normal control (21% oxygen), hyperoxia (85% oxygen), hyperoxia+exosome (20 µg/mL), hyperoxia+exosome+LY294002 (PI3K/Akt inhibitor, 20 µM), and hyperoxia+exosome+rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor, 5 nM). We used the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin to determine the roles of the PI3K/Akt and mTOR signaling pathways. The effects of BMSC-derived exosomes on AECII proliferation and apoptosis were assessed, respectively.

Results

Decreased levels of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, the cell proliferation protein Ki67, p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR, as well as increased levels of AECII apoptosis and the proapoptotic protein Bax in the hyperoxia group were observed. Notably, Sprague Dawley rat BMSC-derived exosomes could reverse the effect of hyperoxia on AECII proliferation. However, the application of LY294002 and rapamycin inhibited the protective effects of BMSC-derived exosomes.

Conclusion

Our findings revealed that BMSC-derived exosomes could regulate the expression of apoptosis-related proteins likely via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby preventing hyperoxia-induced AECII apoptosis.
Variation in genetics, morphology, and recruitment of the invasive barnacle Amphibalanus eburneus (Gould, 1841) in the southern Korean peninsula
Authors: Kim Jeongho , Ubagan Michael , Kwon Soyeon , Kim Il-Hoi , Shin Sook
Published: September 2022

The ivory barnacle Amphibalanus eburneus is a marine crustacean, which presents near-cosmopolitan distribution due to extensive introduction and exhibits a wide spectrum of phenotypic variation. To elucidate geographical differentiation among populations through invasion, we investigated variation in genetic structure, shell morphology, and recruitment pattern for A. eburneus, from the southern Korean Peninsula where it has been established since the late 1980s. We selected samples from four populations in corresponding ecologically-relevant regions representing all surrounding South Korean waters. From these we amplified the mitochondrial genetic marker cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) from 57 individuals and performed a populational genetic analyses with 11 additional GenBank sequences to evaluate population structure. To examine morphological variation, we applied two-dimensional landmark-based geometric morphometrics to the scutum and tergum for 148 and 151 individuals, respectively. Furthermore, we estimated the density of year-old individuals in the field to compare recruitment responses among localities. We detected 33 haplotypes among the four locations belonging to three distinct clades based on moderate intraspecific pairwise genetic distance (≥3.5%). The haplotypes in these clades were not locality-specific in their distribution. In contrast, we did detect interpopulation variation in opercular shape and morphospace structure, and one population could be separated from the rest based on its distinct tergum morphotype alone. This morphologically distinct population was also differentiated by displaying the lowest mean recruitment density. Our results indicate that although there is no relationship between molecular variation in the COI gene and geographic regions in South Korea, association with locality for operculum morphology, and recruitment response suggest ecological adaptation by this barnacle in a new habitat.
The Development of Turkish Theater and the Transformation of Theater Spaces from the Establishment of Republic until 1960’s
Authors: ÖNER Aybüke , ŞENER Mehmet
Published: September 2022

Tiyatro kavramı birden fazla katmana sahip çok bileşenli bir yapıya sahiptir. Tiyatro mekânı, bu çok katmanlı yapının temel parçalarındandır ve tiyatro sanatının toplumla kurduğu ilişkiye bağlı olarak farklılaşıp çeşitlenir. Türk tiyatrosunun
mekân tarihi, siyasi ve sosyal sebeplerle ilintili olarak değişimler içerir. Cumhuriyet Dönemi tiyatro mekânlarının üretim pratikleri ise, tiyatronun gündelik hayattaki konumuna ve gelişim süreçlerine bağlı olarak değişim gösterir.
Cumhuriyet’in kuruluş döneminde modern ulus devlet kurma ideolojisi doğrultusunda tiyatroya yüklenen misyon tiyatroyu bir eğitim aracına dönüştürür. Bu yıllarda Cumhuriyet ideolojilerinin halka ulaştırılması ve halkın tiyatro yoluyla
eğitilmesi öncelikli hedef olur. Bununla birlikte tiyatro çağdaşlaşmanın bir simgesi olarak görüldüğü için kurumsal bir Türk tiyatrosu oluşturmak adına adımlar atılır. Tiyatro kurumlarının devlet tarafından desteklenmesi, okulların
açılması, şehir ve devlet tiyatrolarının gelişmesi, özel tiyatroların sayısındaki artış ile beraber tiyatro mekânına ve tiyatro binasına olan ihtiyaç gündeme gelir. Bu kapsamda 1923 ve 1960 yılları arasında tiyatro mekânları, dönemin
eğitim ve kültür merkezleri olarak görülen "Türk Ocakları" ve "Halkevleri" temsil salonlarında kendine yer edinir. 1950'lerden sonra sinema ve kültür merkezleri gibi yeni mekânların ortaya çıkması ve halkın bu mekânlara ilgisinin
artması, tiyatro mekânı ihtiyacının bu yapılarda giderilmesiyle sonuçlanır. Makale kapsamında; Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türk Tiyatrosunun mekânsal yapısının ve mimari özelliklerinin geçirdiği değişimlerin, tarihsel süreç içerisinde gerçekleşen
politik kırılmalar ve değişen sosyokültürel dinamiklerin belirleyici rolü üzerinden okunması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda öncelikle Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türk Tiyatrosu’nun gelişim çizgisi ve kurumsallaşma tarihi ele alınmıştır. Ardından
1923-1960 yılları arasını kapsayan süreçte sosyokültürel bağlamda yaşanan kırılmalar doğrultusunda kullanılan mekânlar ve yapılar tespit edilmiş; belirlenen örnekler mimari planlar, fotoğraflar ve belgeler üzerinden incelenmiştir.
Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen en temel kazanım toplumsal gelişmelerin tiyatro yapılarının mimari karakterleri ve işlevlerini hangi yönlerde ve ne şekilde etkilediğini birebir görebilmek; dolayısıyla mimarlığı etkileyen temel dinamikleri
de somut örnekler üzerinden okuyabilmek olmuştur.
Evaluation of Abdi İpekçi’s Opinion Columns in Milliyet Towards March 12 Memorandum in Terms of Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: ÇETİN Birsen
Published: September 2022

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti siyasi tarihi, çeşitli dönemlerde gerçekleştirilen askeri müdahalelerle şekil almak durumunda kalmıştır. 12 Mart 1971 tarihinde verilen askeri muhtıra söz konusu dönemlerden birine işaret etmektedir. Öyle ki 12
Mart’a giden süreçte ülke içinde siyasal alanda belirgin gelişmeler ve değişimler yaşanırken, toplumsal hareketler de kendine ülkede yer bulmaya başlamıştır. Ülke içinde kaos ve karmaşa yayılmış, asker müdahalesinin olası olduğu
yönündeki görüşler basında yer bulmaya başlamıştır. Gazetecilerin böylesi dönemlerdeki olaylara yönelik yaklaşımları önemlidir, çünkü gazetecilerin kamuoyu oluşturma gücü vardır. Bu çalışmada Norman Fairclough’un eleştirel söylem
analizi yöntemi, Abdi İpekçi’nin yazılarında kullanmış olduğu söylem ve sosyokültürel gelişmeler ile değişimler arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymak için kullanılmıştır. Fairclough’a göre, medya metinlerinin analizi söz konusu olduğunda,
eleştirel söylem analizi yenilikçi bir yaklaşım önermektedir. Bu yöntem, medyada söylem eylemlerindeki değişimlerin bir toplumdaki sosyokültürel değişimler ile ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu noktadan hareketle, bu çalışmada,
İpekçi’nin köşe yazıları gazetecilik yaklaşımını ortaya koymak için eleştirel söylem analizi bağlamında edilmektedir. İpekçi Türk basın tarihinin en başarılı ve etkili gazetecilerinden birisidir. Abdi İpekçi, 12 Mart muhtırası
verildiğinde Milliyet gazetesinde genel yayın yönetmeniydi ve 12 Mart’a ilerleyen süreçte ülke içinde meydana gelen olaylara yakından tanıklık etmiştir. Bu süreçte, Milliyet gazetesindeki köşe yazılarında, ülkede meydana gelen
olayları hem Türkiye Cumhuriyeti hem de dünya açısından incelemiş ve değerlendirmiştir. Eleştirel söylem analizi sonuçlarına göre İpekçi söz konusu dönemde halkı ve siyasetçileri bilgilendirmiş ve uyarmıştır. İpekçi okurlarını,
siyasetçilere ve gençlik örgütlerine karşı kışkırtmaktan kaçınmış ve yazılarında demokrasinin önemini vurgulamıştır. Öyle ki, İpekçi’nin yazım üslubu gözlem ve tarafsızlığın gazetecilik bağlamındaki önemini ortaya koymaktadır.
Bu bakımdan, İpekçi’nin gazetecilik deneyimlerinin ve yazım üslubunun günümüz dünyasında, gazeteciler için yol gösterici olduğu açıkça görülebilmektedir.
Nipple Papilloma with Dysplasia: A Case Report
Authors: Yadav Pratiksha , Sameera Yevvari , Gupta Vanshita , Rangankar Varsha , Kambale Tushar
Published: September 2022

Nipple papilloma is an uncommon benign breast tumour. Polypoid lesions arising from the surface of the nipple include nipple papilloma, fibroepithelial stromal polyp of the nipple. These must be differentiated from malignant lesions involving the nipple, like Paget’s disease of the nipple, and malignant breast lesion with nipple involvement. Detailed clinical examination, and to a great extent, imaging helps to differentiate these lesions. Hereby, authors report a case of 46-year-old female presented with abnormal growth arising from the right nipple. On full field digital mammography, bilateral breasts revealed scattered fibroglandular breast parenchyma {American College of Radiology (ACR) type B). An irregular hyperdense mass with lobulated margins is seen superior to right nipple which measured approximately 16×14 mm. The case was managed by local curative excision under local anaesthesia. On gross histopathology, the lesion showed squamous epithelium consisting of variable levels of acanthosis and hyperkeratosis, and focal parakeratosis which also shows focal ulceration and moderate to severe dysplasia and mixed inflammation consistent with papilloma. Histopathological examination has a role in differentiating the benign lesions like nipple papilloma from fibroepithelial stromal polyp of nipple and also helps in determining the presence of atypical hyperplasia, dysplasia or carcinoma in-situ.
Oral Fibrolipoma Arising from Maxillary Alveolus: A Rare Case Entity
Authors: Shah Shreyas N , Jain Garima S , Patel Uday , Shah Arpan
Published: September 2022

Lipoma is a non malignant tumour of adipocytes. Lipomas are most commonly seen during 4th to 6th decades of life. About 20% lipomas are seen in head and neck region of which only 1% to 4% have been reported in oral cavity. Most common site of occurance in oral cavity is buccal mucosa and tongue (50%). Various histological variants of lipoma have been identified, which include fibrolipoma, angiolipoma, infiltrating (intramuscular) lipoma, pleomorphic lipoma, osteolipoma, sialolipoma, chondrolipoma, myxolipoma and spindle cell lipoma. Fibrolipoma is a rare histological variant and occurrence on alveolus is even rare. Thus, reporting a case of Fibrolipoma of size 2×2 cm arising from maxillary alveolus in a 42-year-old female patient with a long standing history of 4 years
Circular Pattern of Temperature Changes and Its Effect on Workers’ Attitude (A Case Study of the Federal Polytechnic Offa)
Authors: Edem Udokang, Anietie
Published: September 2022

This study is to determine the effect of temperature on workplace attitude, which led to the investigation of a circular pattern of temperature changes. The idea of time series data being presented in circular form since time itself rotates around the circle of a clock was the moving force in studying the pattern and behaviour of air temperature to identify peak periods. The data on air temperature (0C) in Offa was collected monthly from 2016 to 2020 from a reliable online source tcktcktck.org which tally with an available short period of temperature recorded by the Metrological Garden of Science Laboratory Department, The Federal Polytechnic Offa. While the data on workers’ attitudes was from a questionnaire with an 8.5 reliability index. The study adopted a descriptive approach in the first instance, where responses from the questionnaire were in tabular form and the monthly means temperature in a circular plot before the application of cosinor regression to the original monthly temperature data for further examinations. The result of the circular plot indicated seasonality in the data because the monthly mean temperature differs, making the plot not perfectly circular. The presence of seasonality noticed in the cosinor plot was confirmed in the cosinor regression analysis as being significant at a 5% level of significance. The temperature amplitude from 2016 to 2020 had its peaks in February when 50.9% to 56% of workers are likely to experience fatigue (exhausted). The analysis for 2016 indicates temperature amplitude in Offa at 2.30C which peaks in early February. While in 2020, the temperature amplitude of 3.80C peaks at the beginning of February. The increase between 2016 and 2020 is due to climate change. The government and other stakeholders should provide facilities to reduce workers’ fatigue and do more about climate change.
Lightweight Aggregate Concrete: Strength Analysis
Authors: Sahoo Chinmay , Sahoo Subrat Kumar , Das Madhurima , Mishra Siba Prasad
Published: September 2022

The lightweight concrete (LWC) has been successfully employed, by the ancient Romans and its popularity has grown for its reduced density and higher thermal insulation capabilities. Compared to ordinary mix concrete (OMC), LWC can substantially lessen the dead load of high-rise structures. The density of LWC is comparatively low i.e. 300 to 1850 kg/m3, whereas conventional concrete has a unit weight of 2200kg/m3 to 2600kg/m3. Many pieces of research on adding disposable industrial wastes LWC focus on "semi-lightweight" or concrete built of lightweight materials which have provided both structural, financial, and environmental achievements.

Synthetic lightweight aggregate derived from industries/environmental waste is not possible for reuse openly dumped and makes it environmental abuse. The lowering self-load of a structure made of lightweight concrete makes it easy the handling heavier pre-cast pieces. Present research involves of amalgamation of low specific weight “cinder” as coarse and fine aggregate replacements at various percentages and comparing the physical and mechanical characteristics of concrete made from it with orthodox concrete. The replacement was 10%, which will boost the flexural, tensile, and compressive strength if replaced as a fine Aggregate. The compressive strength, flexural splitting, and tensile strength of SF were raised by 20%. Will be cut back. Cinder added as coarse and fine aggregate in concrete, makes the LWC that enhances workability, foaminess, and up to 20% replacement as CA behaves as the ordinary normal concrete.