bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate Monitoring and Water Resources Management for Agricultural
Authors: RUSU Teodor , SOPTEREAN Mara L. , MORARU Paula I. , BOGDAN Ileana , POP Adrian I. , CAMPEAN Petre
Published: December 2021

The degree of soil degradation in Transylvanian Plain (TP) and climate change in recent years, have radically modified climatic conditions for cultural crops. Monitoring of temperature and water supply in TP aims to evaluate these two resources for agricultural production. Monitoring the thermal and water supplies from TP was performed with twenty HOBO micro stations which determine the temperature (to a height of 1 m) and rainfalls same as temperature (at 10, 30, 50 cm depth in soil) and soil moisture (at 10 cm depth). Average precipitation recorded during 2009-2011, is 498.97 mm, which is beneath the multiannual average of the area. The year 2009 indicated an average of 503.84 mm in TP, considered in the lower limit of the area, followed by the year 2010 with an annual average of 607.84 mm, the year with the closest values to normal area precipitation values. The year 2011 is extremely dry, with an average of 376.56 mm. This situation is reflected in rainfall humidity values, recorded at a depth of 10 cm in the soil, where the area average is about 0.249%. Average air temperature during 2009-2011 is 10.75Â 0C, in the soil at 10 cm depth being 11.150C, respectively 11.28Â 0C at depth of 50 cm. Low amounts of precipitation, especially their poor distribution during crop vegetation, are aggravated by the deficit of hydrological resources for TP. The average air temperature is above multiannual average of the area, which significantly influenced the optimum time of sowing and amount of biologically active degrees of temperature during the vegetation period.
In Vitro Studies Regarding the Biology and the Biological Control of some Botrytis
Authors: MICLEA Raluca Vasilica , PUIA Carmen Emilia
Published: December 2021

Botrytis cinereaÂ Â Pers., attacks more than 250 herbaceous and arborescent species of plants being a pathogen spread across the world. This plant pathogen is the main body responsible for the occurrence of grey mould in grapes and other vegetables and fruits. The purpose of the research was the observation of the morphological and cultural characteristics of some isolates of the pathogen as well as the biological control with hydroalcoholic plant extracts. In our experiments weâ€™ve identified and isolated the pathogenÂ Botrytis cinerea Pers., weâ€™ve inoculated on three culture media PDA, CzapekÂ - agar, MA. The features that we observed were the growth rate of the colonies, the sporulation and sclerotia appearance, the shapes and the dimensions of conidia, the number and distribution of the sclerotia. The results obtained consist in differences of morphology, number and distribution of the sclerotia and dimensions of the conidia. For the control with plant extracts of the fungus the isolates were inoculated on PDA medium that contained the extract using the poison food technique. The fungistatic effect of the extracts was established by examining the presence or the absence of the colony growth. The diameters of the colonies were measured and in order to establish the growth inhibition of the fungus it was calculated the surfaces of the colonies that appeared on the treated plates using the ellipse area formula. The results obtained were expressed as inhibition percentage of mycelia growth compared with the dimensions of the control colony.
The Behavior of Wheat Varieties to Attack By Fusarium Spp. in Different Test
Authors: ȘOPTEREAN Laura Maria , SUCIU Alexandra , NAGY Elena
Published: December 2021

FusariumÂ Â is one of the most widespread and damaging diseases of cereal crops (wheat, barley, rye), mainly due to the attack on the ears. In favorable areas forÂ Fusarium , attack causes significant damage in terms of quantity, as a result of reducing the number of berries and THGW's decline, and loss of a qualitative nature, due to lower grain protein content and mycotoxins occurrence. The yield losses caused byÂ Fusarium in wheat, varies from year to year, mainly driven by climatic conditions and technological, source of inoculum and cultivated variety. The objective of this paper was to determine the reaction of wheat varieties to the attack byÂ Fusarium spp. in different test conditions. The researches took place in ARDS Turda, in the Laboratory of Phytopathology. The experiments were located by randomized block method in three replications. Biological material was represented by three varieties of wheat, developed by the Laboratory of Wheat Improvement. Test methods were: uninoculated-untreated, inoculated-untreated, inoculated-treated and uninoculatedtreated. The inoculation was done with the suspension ofÂ Fusarium spp. and treatments were applied with products: Falcon 250 EC and Prosaro 460 EC. The manifestation degree ofÂ Fusarium was expressed as the percentage of ears and grains infected, and production was expressed by t / ha. After observations and statistical processing of data we can say that the percentage of infected grain varies between 0-16 %, for varieties studied. Yield obtained have been affected by the test version in the two experimental years, the lowest yields were obtained in natural and artificial infection, but without treatment, ranging between 4.7 to 4.9 t / ha in 2010 and 2.8 to 3.9 in 2011.
Role of Some Genetic Parameters on Breeding Work for Resistance to Pre-Harvest
Authors: Nicolae Lupu , Moldovan Vasile , Kadar Rozalia , Racz Ionut
Published: December 2021

For wheat (Â Triticum aestivum ), periods of prolonged rainfall and high humidity after the grain has ripened and before it can be harvested can contribute to, so called pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), which can be considered as a premature germination. PHS can be defined a complex quantitative character having two important components: sprouting score and falling number. The two these components are controlled by gene effects which are predominant of additive nature. Our research have been conducted on parental, FÂ 1, F2, backcross generations means, from 4 cyclic crosses with common parents differing in their reaction to PHS and falling number. Broad sense heritability coefficients for PHS score showed high values in the case of majority hybrids that indicate the important role of genotype in phenotypic expression of reaction to sprouting. Concerning to falling number, broad sense heritability coefficients had smaller values. For wheat as a self pollinated crop, is preferable to be used narrow sense heritability which reflects additive genetic contribution to phenotypic expression of sprouting or falling number, because only additive gene effects can be fixed to progeny. When PHS score, or falling number have high values for narrow sense heritability (higher 50), is recommended the beginning of selection in FÂ 2 and in these cases can be successful applied pedigree selection. Concluding, high heritabilities associated with other genetic parameters can be important tools at hand of breeders. They indicated that wheat selection for PHS tolerance or falling number would be effective in populations involving crosses of sensitive and tolerant parents.
Chemical Control of Grapevine Main Pathogens under the Climate Conditions of Baia
Authors: MIHALESCU Lucia , MARE ROSCA Oana , VOSGAN Zorica , DUMUTA Anca , CORDEA Mirela , MAXIM Aurel
Published: December 2021

The experiences were performed in the Tautii Magheraus locality, located at 3 km from Baia Mare. Five variety of grapevine were studied:Â Cramposie , Feteasca regala , Muscat OttonelÂ Â , Perla de Zala and Italian Riesling . The resistance of the cultivated grapevine varieties against the attack of the main phytopathogenic fungi:Â Plasmopara viticola , Uncinula necator , Botryotinia fuckelianaÂ Â , in terms of the 2011 year, was studied. In order to assess the resistance of the grapevine varieties against the phytopathogenic agents attack, the frequency, intensity and degree of attack were determined. The most sensitive to the attack of downy mildew on leaves was theÂ Italian Riessling , with a degree of attack of 71.5%; and the most resistant variety wasÂ Perla de Zala , with a degree of attack of 26%. The most resistant to the attack of grape powdery mildew on leaves was theÂ Muscat OttonelÂ Â variety, with a degree of attack of 8.1%; and the most sensitive was the Italian Riesling variety with 18.1%. In case of the attack of downy mildew on grapes, the most sensitive was theÂ Italian RieslingÂ Â variety with a degree of attack of 11.5%; and the most resistant was Perla de Zala with 2.5%. During the vegetation of the 2011 year, the chemical protection was performed with fungicides that were administered by seven sprayings.
The Effect of Fusarium Graminearum Inoculation on Winter Wheat at ARDS Turda,
Authors: KADAR Rozalia , Amin Said SARDAR Amin Said SARDAR
Published: December 2021

FusariumÂ Â Head Blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium spp., has become one of the most destructive diseases in the worldâ€™s wheat growing areas, especially in humid and semihumid regions. More precise data relating the effects of FHB on yield have been obtained using inoculated trials. The situation is totally changed by inoculation with Fusarium. Because this disease affected wheat in flowering stage, number of grain/spike is strongly diminished. It can be observed the behavior of Turda 95 and Dumbrava varieties created at ARDS Turda which lose less number of grain than other cultivars.
Development of Sustainable Romanian Eco-Tourism - Concepts and Features
Authors: ANDREI Daniela - Ruxandra , GOGONEA Manuela - Rodica , SANDU Mariana , CHIRIÅ¢ESCU Vergina , POP Oana - Ioana
Published: December 2021

Given that ecotourism, as a form of sustainable tourism, registered a further develop in recent decades, and an increasing interest from tourists and specialists in the study of tourism, this paper is timely and appropriate. The tourism, like a socio-economic phenomenon, has experienced continuous growth and diversification, wearing new forms, such as rural tourism, agro-tourism, ecotourism, etc. This study includes both theoretical concepts, documentation obtained from the literature and a series of concrete results on the degree of development of ecotourism in Romania. Is shown, in particular, organized ecotourism situation as a form of tourism in protected areas.
Romaniaâ€™s Tourism - Effects of the Accession
Authors: SIMTION Daniela , LUCA Roxana
Published: December 2021

Romaniaâ€™s accession to the European Union produced a number of effects on local economy, both positive and negative. Market specialists say that the positive effects of the accession are felt by improved services, improved healthcare and improved education or by creating efficient markets. The first areas that have felt the impact of the EU accession are: leasing, SMEs, telephony, internet, hardware industry, software industry etc. In contrast, there are areas that feel the effects after a longer period, and here enters the capital market, banking industry, tourism or HR industry (hotels and restaurants) and agriculture. While top areas in terms of performance, feel the positive effects of accession in the short term, certain sectors of the economy disappear or restrict their activity. Tourism and transport are areas that benefit from the accession, the main advantages, which Romania counts as attractive, in competition with other traditional destinations of the world, are: geographical position in Europe, accessibility by air links with most capitals and cultural tourism so fascinating for foreigners. The accession also brings an increase of professionalism of the services offered by hotel operators. In particular, the effects of our country's integration into the European Union touch many aspects of which are noted:increased competition, resulting in improved tourism offer; access to international financing; rebuilding infrastructure; increase of tourism traffic to and from our country.
Ecological Structures with Hyperbolic Geometries in Public Spaces
Authors: DUMITRASCU Aura , NICA Razvan , CORDUBAN Calin
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, in central urban areas, the social activities are generally materialized into passive interactions. Although the built environment has no direct influence on the quality, the content and the intensity of social interactions, the architects and planners can at least influence the potential for physical, visual and auditory contact among people - the so-called active interactions - usually, one of the most important characteristics of public spaces. The built framework of public urban spaces can provide a wide range of opportunities for the development of human relationships, so that the architectural design and the social processes are supporting one another. The perspective of sustainability for the design of public spaces refers to three major aspects (eco-system, economy and society) and can be achieved with various temporary or permanent structures that separate and organize public spaces, giving them different social connotations (landscape design components, ecological structures with optimal geometries, etc.). Therefore, the use of hyperbolic geometries (for which the curvature is negative and the space created isÂ open ) seems appropriate because of the structural optimization that leads to a minimum material consumption. The hyperbolic structures can also help improve the overall image of public spaces, generating atypical areas with a significant impact (both visual and auditory) on the receiving public. The present paper illustrates several types of hyperbolic geometries optimized for different ecological structures (wood, bamboo, textiles, etc.) located in public spaces (public squares, parks, gardens). Our primary focus will be on the analysis of the main principles of sustainable development, their degree of compliance and on the active interactions between people - created by the implementation of such structures in public green areas.
The Diversity of the Genus Diplotaxis and the Spreading of the Species
Authors: LAZAR Simona Laura , PAMFIL Doru , ARDELEAN Marin , CORDEA Mirela Irina
Published: December 2021

The neglected and underutilized crops are more and more advertised due to the recognition of their nutritional value. Some of these species are used as crop wild relatives in plant breeding, for the infusion of useful characters in the commercial varieties and others are used as fourth generation vegetables. Different scientific reports on their chemical composition and the benefic effect on the human health to the conclusion that the wild rocket is a desirable vegetable. This is the case of the genusÂ Diplotaxis , with its 31 species showing a wide degree of heterogeneity in the morphology, chromosome number and geographical distribution of these species. The accessions within the genus DiplotaxisÂ Â are investigated worldwide especially D. tenuifolia and D. muralis , because there is an increasing interest in them due to the fact that they are picked or cultivated for human consumption. The origin of the genusÂ Diplotaxis is considered the Mediterranean Basin and the Middle East but its area of spreading is very wide. It was observed that the only areas that have not entered this very adaptable species are arctic and subarctic areas and East Asia. Although the species are so cosmopolitan, it is important to keep their diversity especially in the original places such as Romania forÂ D. tenuifolia and D. muralis.
Soil - Land Use Correlations in the Jijia Upper Catchment Focus on Land Degradation
Authors: MOVILÄ‚ Andreea Georgiana , VASILINIUC Ionuț
Published: December 2021

The distribution of zonal soils from Jijiaâ€™s upper catchment is the result of the development in time of all soil forming and evolution processes. The problems regarding the soil cover and its capitalization become often â€žcomplicatedâ€, being constantly subjected to the land use. For this paper, was used the methodology for establishing classes of land use based on the Romanian System of Soil Taxonomy (2012) nomenclature. Based on GIS software was conducted the assessment and classification, by statistical and spatial methods, of soil basic features in relation to the present land use. In terms of pedogenesis, Jijia upper catchment represents an area with high complexity in relation to the environmental variability. On the overall is confirmed the area-elevation distribution of the main types and soil classes, marking the transition from Chernisols (through Phaeozems) to Luvisols. For the entire basin, forested areas exceed the national average (36% of the studied zone), to these being added the territories under constructions that occupy considerable area (11%). Regarding the land used as arable (27%), it can be pointed out the strong capitalization of Chernisols (Chernozems and Phaeozems), including also those located on slope conditions. Uncontrolled extensions on stable terrains with high pedological potential creates an anthropogenic pressure on the soil background, the arable lands being specific also to some areas with soils less favorable (Luvisols, formed and evolved in the forest, but gradually taken into the agricultural utilization). Moreover, in this way it is noticed an incresead percent of territories affected by landslides and other current geomorphological processes.
Longitudinal Distribution of Ephemeroptera Communities for the Sasar River and its
Authors: MARE ROȘCA Oana , MIHALESCU Lucia , VOSGAN Zorica , MARIAN Monica , DUMUÅ¢A Anca , MAXIM Aurel
Published: December 2021

The Sasar River basin is located in the Baia Mare Depression; it covers an area of 311 sq km and it is located in NW Romania. Due to urbanization and industrialization, and to a lesser extent agriculture, Sasar Basin shows a simplification of the biocenosis, more or less brutal, the intensity of pollution.This paper summarizes the results of sampling campaigns that were carried out between 2003-2008, when a total of 10 stations of the investigated basin were identified and analyzed, according to the Normalized Global Biological Index (IBGN) methodology. Subsequent to the systematical study, 20 species belonging to 6 Ephemeroptera families (Â Leptophlebiidae, Ephemeridae, Ephemerelllidae, Caenidae, Heptageniidae, BÃ¤etidaeÂ Â ) were identified. Ephemeroptera is a group of demanding environmental conditions; high specific abundance was recorded in the stations located in areas with minimal and moderate anthropogenic impact (upstream Blidari-10 species; Valley MÄƒriuÅ£ii- 10 species, upastream Baia Sprie - 9 species). The number of species is drastically reduced for the stations located downstream of the Baia Sprie and Baia Mare industrial centers (downstream Baia Sprie-3 species, downstream Baia Mare -1 species). Within the communities of Ephemeroptera high frequencies were performed byÂ BÃ¤etis rhodani (90%), considered in terms of the ecological valence, average tolerance to pollution. Pollution-sensitive species had low frequencies:Â Rhithrogena semicolorataÂ Â (40%), BÃ¤etis alpinus (40%).
Evaluation of Global Solar Radiation Received by a Spherical Solar Collector
Authors: GáSPáR Ferenc , BÄ‚LAN Mugur , Já„NTSCHI Lorentz , ROȘ Victor
Published: December 2021

In the paper the global solar radiation incident on a fixed spherical solar collector is evaluated and compared to a south oriented with 46 grade tilt angle fixed flat plate solar collector. Mean daily and hourly solar radiation are calculated from existing data for Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The results show that depending on the equivalent absorbing surface area taken into account, spherical collectors can be more efficient in receiving solar radiation than flat plate collectors.
Ecological and Agronomical Analysis of Some Permanent Grasslands in the Banat Area
Authors: DURÄ‚U Carmen Claudia
Published: December 2021

The importance of permanent grasslands in Romania has been minimised these last years by both turning them into arable lands or by abandoning them. The goal of this paper is to characterise from an ecological point of view and from the point of view of fodder yield some permanent grasslands in different states of management with a view to establish some corrective measures. The vegetation of the permanent grasslands was analysed in 2011, with measurements made in the last decade of April, in the middle of the second decade of June, and in the second decade of September. Permanent grasslands are located in the southern part of the Timis County, following the line of the localities Dudestii Noi - Cenad. Data processing was done based on botanical sampling. Vegetation determination was done with the linear method (quadrant) calculating pastoral value (PV). Alphabiodiversity was estimated with theÂ Shannon (H' ) and Simpson (D) indices, while beta-diversity was estimated with theÂ Jaccard index (Pj) and with the Hamming (H) distance. Irrational use of permanent grasslands and the lack of proper improvement measures have lead to the present state of the vegetal cover. The presence of ruderal plants is obvious and the frequency of invaluable species defines the grasslands from an agro-ecological point of view.
Characterization of Sasar and Firiza Rivers Water Quality on Specific Toxic Pollutants Regime ( metals)
Authors: ROȘCA Oana MARE , MIHALESCU Lucia , VOSGAN Zorica , MARIAN Monica , DUMUTA Anca , MAXIM Aurel
Published: December 2021

The Sasar River basin covers an area of 311 sq.km and it is situated in NW Romania. The investigated area is included, mainly, in the industrial area of the city of Baia Mare, an ar ea with ancient traditions related to the exploitation of non-ferrous ores. Therefore, the mining exploitation activities have created pressing conditions on the environmental and public health of the analyzed area.The dynamic indicators of water quality on specific toxic pollutantsÂ  ( metals )Â  for the period 19982007 were analyzed in three sections located upstream and downstream from the industrial centers of Baia Sprie and Baia Mare.The analyses of the dynamics of heavy metals in the waters of the Sasar River have found that, the main issues are high Pb and Cu indicators for the upstream section of Baia Sprie; as for the section downstream of Baia Mare, the Zn, Cd and Mn indicators are found in such concentrations that their values determine a high level of toxicity for the monitoring section.There is a clear reduction trend in specific toxic pollutants for the upstream section of Baia Sprie. Special problems continue to be reported for zinc, cadmium, manganese and lead, for the sections downstream of Baia Mare and upstream from the confluence of the Sasar and Firiza Rivers.
Variation of Physico -Chemical Parameters from a Butchery Area in Rm. Valcea
Authors: FLORESCU Diana , ARICIU Marius , BOCIU Diana , IONETE Roxana
Published: December 2021

The European Parliament and Council Regulation no.178/2002 sets the standard for consumer protection and environmental quality assurance relating to a specifi c food in the user market. In order to monitor the environmental factors, the study is focused on meat industry that is expanding rapidly, is an established player and a leader in its market, specifically S.C. Diana S.R.L, Rm.Valcea.Environmental protection, monitoring and controlling environmental factors of pollutant emissions is performed by authorized personnel in laboratories with adequate equipment described in specific standards. Air monitoring should be compliant with Order 462/1993, which also shows the maximum permitted concentrations for each parameter monitored. Parameters monitored of directed emissions into the atmosphere, are made once a week from the waste incinerator stack. For monitoring of ammonia in the refrigeration units, the Order 462/1993 is followed and furthermore authorized staff ensures that emissions do not harm air quality and odours, according to Health Ministry Order 536/1997. Regarding the monitoring of ammonia, which takes part in air quality control, sampling is made weekly by trained personnel.The monitoring and control of water quality parameters, is performed by complying to the drinking water law no. 458/2002. Water quality control implicates weekly examinations of set limit controls. SC Diana Ltd from Rm. -Valcea has not exceeded the required limits during the monitoring performed in this research paper. If limits are exceeded, they must be reported to County Environmental Protection Agency.Unit is obliged to regularly inform the Environmental Protection Authority on monitoring activities carried out.
The Content of Polyphenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Three Monovarietal Wines and their Blending, used for Sparkling Wine Production
Authors: CHIRCU BRAD Carmen , MUSTE Sevastița , MUDURA Elena , BOBIȘ Otilia
Published: December 2021

3 monovarietal wines obtained in two consecutive years in Jidvei Winery Romania were investigated in respect of total polyphenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity before and after blending for sparkling wine obtaining. The three varieties were Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Royal Maiden (Feteasca Regala). Total polyphenols were determined with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, total flavonoid content with sodium nitrite, aluminum chloride and sodium hydroxide and antioxidant activity using Radical Scavenging Activity and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power methods. All mentioned parameters were determined by UV-VIS absorption spectrometry. The determined total polyphenolic content were within the interval 307.21-727.43 mgGAE/l wine for simple varieties and within 405.44-472.74 mgGAE/l for blends and final product (sparkling wine). Total flavonoid content ranged between 16.74 and 242.46 mgQE/l wine in simple varieties and between 38.48 and 80.18 mgQE/l for blends and sparkling wine. Antioxidant activity was correlated with total polyphenols and total flavonoids.Â
Impact of Distillation Process on the Major Volatile Compounds as Determined by GC-FID Analysis in Apple Brandy Originated from Transylvania, Romania
Authors: COLDEA Teodora Emilia , SOCACIU Carmen , TOFANÄ‚ Maria , Vá‰KONY Elena , RANTA Nicoleta
Published: December 2021

There were analyzed samples of fruit distillates from the two stages of distillation process, first distillate and the second distillate, as apple brandy originating from BistriÅ£a-NÄƒsÄƒud County, Transylvania provenience and were collected directly from the producer soon after the process ended. We investigated 10 major volatile compounds (acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, methanol, 1-propanol, 1butanol, 2-butanol, isobutylic alcohol, isoamylic alcohol, amyl active alcohol and furfural) by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). We used reference chemicals to identify these compounds and 3-pentanol as internal standard to quantify the volatiles. This analysis permitted to observe the differences between the two distillates. Acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate and methanol have smaller amounts in the second distillation step. Furfural and higher alcohols registered different evolution in the last distillation step. They were higher then in the first distillate. The factors which differentiate the two samples can be separation of fractions (heads, hearts and tails), temperature, quality of raw material and the fermentation process.Â
The Influence of Storage Temperature on the Bread Quality
Authors: DAVID Adriana Paula , CÄ‚TUNESCU Giorgiana Mihaela , DAVID Oana Maria , OLAR Daiana
Published: December 2021

The main purpose of this paper is the study of sensory and physicochemical changes occurring in bread, preserved at ambient temperature and refrigeration temperature for 7 days. The study has been achieved using bread commercialized in a supermarket, sliced and packaged in polyethylene foil. Monitoring the quality parameters has been achieved daily so be as visible changes. The quality parameters monitored was elasticity, porosity, acidity, humidity and sensory characteristics, indicators which reflect the freshness of bread. The analytical methods used are those of standards and values are within the limits of quality standards.
Antibacterial Profile of Essential Oils Against Pathogen Bacteria
Authors: DOBRE Alina , NICULIÅ¢Ä‚ Petru
Published: December 2021

The present study was performed to investigate the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils (EOs) from aromatic plants. Three EOs from clove, white thyme and oregano were evaluated against four pathogen bacterial strains (Staphyloccocus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Bacillus cereus) using agar dilution method, in order to obtain the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).The Lamiaceae family EOs (white thyme and oregano) presented as main active compounds thymol (32,63% / 12,07%) and carvacrol (12,87% / 60,77%) but also p-cymen (25,44% / 14,85%), linalool (4,65% / 2,02%) and other chemical compound but in small amounts. The GC-MS analysis of clove oil identified seven chemical constituents, of these eugenol (53,94%) and isoeugenol (27,51%) were the major compounds.These essential oils showed an obvious antibacterial activity against the tested strains with an MIC and MBC in the ranges of 200-600 ppm and 400-1000 ppm, respectively. The most active essential oil was oregano oil with a MIC of 400 ppm for E. coli and 200 ppm for the rest of bacterial strains. Clove oil were less efective against tested bacteria and presented a MIC of 600 ppm for all the strains and a MBC between 800 - 1000 ppm. The result obtained permitted us to make a antibacterial profile of these essential oils, based on the chemical composition and the susceptibility of bacterial structure. In conclusion, these essential oils can be a good source of natural antibacterial agents.
Total Polyphenols from Different Fresh and ProcessedFruits and Vegetables
Authors: FARCAS Anca Corina , TOFANA Maria , SOCACI Sonia , SALANTA Liana , MICHIU Delia , MURESAN (CERBU) Andruta
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the total polyphenols content of some fruits (sour cherry and plums) and vegetables (red cabbage and red beetroot), usually consumed in Romania, fresh or processed, using Folin Ciocalteu method. Absorbance was measured at 725 nm using UVVisible Spectrometer and phenolic compounds were quantified based on standard calibration curve prepared from pure phenolic standard (gallic acid).Â  After processing and storage stages, the content of polyphenols decreased significantly in all four samples taken into study. The biggest losses of polyphenols by oxidative degradation occurs for canned red cabbage (from 448.5Â±4.56 to 151.5Â±9.13 mg GAE/100g) followed closely by plum compote (from 503.4Â±3.04 to 266.7Â±6.08 mg GAE/100g).
Petri Net Modelling of the Starch Enzymatic Liquefaction
Authors: MIRONESCU Ion Dan , MIRONESCU Monica
Published: December 2021

This paper investigates the use of the Petri Net modelling language for the description and analysis of the enzymatic reactions that are used for the starch liquefaction. The Coloured Petri Net formalism supported by the CPN Tools modelling and simulation environment is used. The pools of substrates and products are represented as the places and the possible reactions as the transition of the net. The concurrent reactions are modelled trough transitions that are enabled at the same time. The occurrence probabilities associated with each of these concurrent transitions are chosen as the model parameters. The analysis of the specific properties of the model is used to fit the model to data from the industrial production process using the enzyme Liquozyme for the starch hydrolysis.
Influence of Physical Treatments on the Potato Starch Granules Micro- and Ultrastructure
Authors: MOZA Maria Iasmina , MIRONESCU Monica , FLOREA Adriana
Published: December 2021

In this research, potato starch was subjected to physical treatments in order to analyse the changes at the micro- and ultrastructural levels and finally to identify the optimal conditions for disintegrating the starch granules. For the analysis, 10% aqueous solutions of potato starch were treated with a) microwaves; b) heat and c) heat combined with ultrasounds. For each treatment type, the duration was 5 minutes, excepting the microwave treatment, where the time was 1 and 5 minutes; heat power varied from 180W to 900W at the tests with microwave, temperature varied between 65C and 100oC in the thermal experiments and at the thermal analysis combined with ultrasounds temperature had values between 35oC and 85oC. The effect of these treatments was analysed using microscopic techniques (optical and scanning electron microscopy) in order to describe the morphological and micro- and ultrastructural modifications of the starch granules. Results indicated that the morphological and microstructural differences mostly depend on the chosen treatment and on the working conditions. The microwaves treatment was shown to be more effective on disintegrating the starch granule than the thermal action combined with ultrasounds or the thermal treatment alone. Starch granule was cracked at the heat power of 180W even after 1 minute of treatment; after 5 minutes, the gel-like structure was clearly formed for all the granules. Ultrasounds also modified the granule structure by cracking. High temperature (minimal 85oC) was essential for the propagation of ultrasounds or for the thermal treatment in order to assure the efficacy of the physical treatments on the granule. o
Research Regarding the Characterization of Fatty Acids Composition of Hare Meat (Lepus Europaeus Pallas)
Authors: TÄ‚RNÄ‚UCEANU (FRUNZÄ‚) Gabriela , BOIȘTEANU Paul Corneliu
Published: December 2021

Nutritional value of meat is influenced by its fatty acid content, especially at monoynsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid; the fat content of meat from hare is relatively low (an average of 1.84% in Longissius dorsi muscles, 1.72% in Semimembranosus muscle and 2.09% in Triceps brachii muscles), but in terms of content in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ï‰3 and Ï‰6) to its observed values were higher than in other species. Biological material was collected from the hunting grounds belonging Iasi County. Determinations were made on muscles Longissimus dorsi, Semimembranosus and Triceps brachii, the muscle groups being vacuum packed, frozen at -80 0C and immediately after thawing were dried at a temperature of -110 0C (with CoolSafe , SCANVAC ). With NIRS methodology, using spectrophotometer FOSS 6500, aimed to lipid profile of hare meat, making a comparison between the sexes. Following the determinations made significant differences were observed between muscle groups in the content of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated
Analysis and Comparison of Mango Fermentation Carried out in Pilot Plate Scale Bioreactor and Acetator
Authors: TRUTA Delia Mihaela , TOFANÄ‚ Maria , THONART Philippe
Published: December 2021

Two mango vinegar fermentations have been carried out in a 20L pilot plant scale bioreactor and a 300L acetator. Both vinegar fermentations were started from fresh mango juice to witch was added the acetic acid bacteria Acetobacter senegalensis. This bacterium was isolated from mango fruits, Mangifera indica L., and was proved to have thermotolerance and acidotolerance properties. Based on this fact the acetic acid bacterium was used as a starter in the vinegar fermentation process. The aim of this research is compare the fermentation processes realized with the two equips, concerning the cells growth, the ethanol, sugars and organic acids evolution and also the volatile compounds. The volatile compounds have been identified by two gas chromatographic techniques, HS/GC-MS and HS/SPME-GC-MS, at different times during the two fermentation processes. The obtained results had shown a better mango vinegar fermentation process, regarding the bacteria growth, when the pilot plant scale bioreactor was used for the fermentation process rather than the acetator. Regarding the volatile compounds identified, a higher number was found by using the HS/SPME-GC-MS technique while the HS/GC-MS technique shown some variations of the volatile compounds identified during the fermentation processes.Â
Comparative Analysis of Drinking Water Mineral Composition
Authors: GORAN Gheorghe Valentin , CRIVINEANU Victor , TUDOREANU Liliana , VOINEA Andreea Stefania
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the mineral and heavy metals concentrations in tap water, filtered water and bottled water. Minerals and heavy metals such as Ag, Be, Cd, Co, Li, Ni, Pb and Se, have not been identified (concentrations below 0.001 ppm), suggesting the absence of heavy metal contamination of drinking water in the area of the study. The samples had low concentrations for aluminum and strontium. The highest concentrations of macro-and micro-elements and toxic metals were found only in the well water samples collected from the Ramnicul Sarat and Focsani area, possibly because of higher soil pollution. For all drinking water samples, the highest mineral concentrations were found in essential macro-mineralsÂ  such asÂ  sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. For calcium, the highest concentration was found in the well water samples from Focsani area.
Researches Concerning the Quality of some Semi-Smoked Meat Products Obtained in a Meat Processing Unit
Authors: SÄ‚LÄ‚GEAN Claudiu Dan , Å¢IBULCÄ‚ Dorin , JIMBOREAN Mirela , CHERECHE Ș Daniel
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The purpose of the performed researche was to establish the quality of some meat products in casings belonging to the semi-smoked group obtained in a meat processing factory. In this respect, organoleptic and physical-chemical analysis have been performed on ten assortments belonging to the specified group of the meat products in casings. The obtained results highlight that, from organoleptic point of view the finished products are in compliance with the standard provisions excepting some assortments in which case were found some physical faults such as: wrinkled casings (in case of the Italian and pork salamis), the presence of conjunctive tissue on section (in case of the Victoria salami) or pork skin improperly minced (the Salajeni sausages), exuding fat at the ends of the bar-salamis (in case of the Crakauer salami), air holes under the casing (in case of the Trandafir sausages) or on section (in case of the Vara salami). These physical faults are caused by the non-observance of some technological parameters. The incidence of these faults does not exceed 12.8% of the total number of analyzed samples. From physical-chemical point of view the obtained values for the finished products are in accordance with the in force quality standards, excepting 10% from the total number of analyzed samples (small exceedings of the maximum admitted limit of the moisture content in case of the Vara, Italian and pork salamis and the salt content for the Populari sausages). There have been analysed the causes of these faults and the necessary measures to prevent occurrence of these faults and insuring the quality of the finished productsÂ
The Dynamic Of Essential Oil Accumulation In Hop Cones During 2011 Year
Authors: SALANÅ¢Ä‚ Liana Claudia , TOFANÄ‚ Maria , SOCACI Sonia , MUDURA Elena , LAZAR (POP) Carmen
Published: December 2021

The present study includes researches regardingÂ  the dynamic accumulation of essential oil in hop cones, in different phenophases: during the formation, ripening and harvesting cones. The studyÂ  was carried out for three varieties of hop: Magnum (MG), HÃ¼ller Bitterer (HB) and Aroma (AR), cultivated in pedo-climatic areas from Transilvania, in theÂ  Seleuș farms from Mureș.Â  The essential oils were extracted from all samples using the hydrodistillation technique.
Researches Regarding the Level of Organophosphoric Pesticides Residues in Raw Milk Used for Scalded Paste Cheese Production
Authors: Å¢IBULCÄ‚ Dorin , JIMBOREAN Mirela , SÄ‚LÄ‚GEAN Claudiu Dan
Published: December 2021

The aim of the research was to establish the level of organochlorine pesticides residues (Î±HCH, Î²-HCH, Î³-HCH (Lindan), DDT-T, Heptaclor, Dieldrin, Endrin) in the raw milk used for cheese production. Sixty samples of milk were analyzed, using the gas-chromatographic method from AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). Thus, the pesticides residues from milk fat or from the ether extract of the sample were selectively extracted with acetonitril and petroleum ether and purified on florisil column and than eluted with petroleum ether, diethyl ether and ethanol mixture.Â
Differential Fertilization and Nutritive Substrates Effect on the Flowering Degree of Pelargonium Zonale
Authors: TOMOȘ Camelia , MÄ‚RGHITAȘ Marilena
Published: December 2021

This paper presents researches regarding the effect of differential fertilization and nutritive substrates on the flowering degree of Pelargonium zonale species. Aim of this subject research resulted from the desire to conduct experiments that provide results with beneficial impact on geraniums crop, results allowing production of some quality plants, both in terms of aesthetics and plant health.Research followed the effect of differential fertilization and of nutritive substrates on the degree of geraniums flowering. The research focused on experiments designed to highlight favourable combinations of soil and fertilizer for geraniums development and particularly, favourable for flowering (the main ornamental quality). The types of substrate, fertilizers, pH varies depending on the type of crop, the substrate and the source of fertilizer and can be affected by the source of water and the type of irrigation system. Relative acidity or alkalinity of the substrate type affects directly the availability of nutrients in the plants root system. By applying the fertilizers, amendments and culture technology can be changed, to a large extent, the direction of the chemical and biochemical process from soil as well as the fertility status.
Food Consumption in Romania - Quantitative and Qualitative Aspects of Food Security
Authors: GAVRILÄ‚ Viorica , KRUSZLICIKA Mihaela , CHIRITESCU Vergina
Published: December 2021

Food security ensurance is determined both by food availability, which depends on agrifood sector and on agricultural trade and by the access to food, which results mainly from the incomes and population purchase power, but also on other factors for example the local market supply, the physical access of persons to food, etc. Starting from these considerents, the paperâ€™s aim is to identify the way in which the internal supply is able to assure the population access to balanced food diet, based on valuable components, respecting the nutritional specialists. Using the methabolical coeficients for macronutrients, it was realised their conversion or equivalence into calories, fact which permitted the assessment of the evolution in time of level and structure of the caloric input. Results obtained show a qualitative modification of the caloric input, by diminution of the level of calories coming from glucides and slight increase of the protein caloric level, mainly the animal origin ones. In the strucuture we can see as a positive aspect, a modification in the caloric share of the glucides, by increase of the input from fruits and vegetables. Structurally at the level of year 2011 the caloric share of nutrient factors is inscribing in the values recommended by nutritionists but there are identified also certain negative tendences which in the future could generate a degradation ofÂ  dietâ€™s calorie balance.
Measures for Improving the Quality of Watercourses in the Impact Area of the Baia Mare Industrial Perimeter
Authors: MARE ROȘCA Oana , MIHALESCU Lucia , VOȘGAN Zorica , MARIAN Monica
Published: December 2021

The Baia Mare industrial area is located in the Baia Mare Depression (NW Romania). The main source of impact on the watercourses of the Baia Mare industrial area is the exploitation of non-ferrous ores that, over time, a number of changes generated in the environmental parameters. The main drainage axis of the above noted industrial center is formed by the SÄƒsar River and the Firiza River. Since the response of the aquatic communities to the environmental factors best reveal the local conditions; the zoobenthos communities in 10 stations located in the SÄƒsar basin were analyzed during 2003-2009. Contributions to improving the quality of water contaminated by the industrial effluents.Â  Â Â In the conditions of limiting disturbances that block the detoxification and self-purification processes, there are prerequisites for improving the quality of aquatic life.
Assessing the Importance of Biotic Factors in Tree Development
Authors: ȘULEA Constantin , OROIAN Ioan , COVRIG Ilie , TÄ‚UT Ioan , BURDUHOS Petru
Published: December 2021

SevereÂ  worseningÂ  ofÂ  theÂ  phytosanitaryÂ  statusÂ  ofÂ  forest treesÂ  wasÂ  reportedÂ  inÂ  lastÂ  years, mainlyÂ  dueÂ  toÂ  theÂ  climaticÂ  conditions,Â  lowÂ  biologicalÂ  resistanceÂ  ofÂ  trees,Â  andÂ  forestÂ  management mistakes. TheÂ  mainÂ  aimsÂ  andÂ  objectivesÂ  ofÂ  thisÂ  paperÂ  areÂ  toÂ  emphasizeÂ  theÂ  effectÂ  ofÂ  harmfulÂ  biotic factorsÂ  inÂ  differentÂ  phasesÂ  ofÂ  treeÂ  development. TheÂ  trialÂ  was carriedÂ  outÂ  underÂ  theÂ  ForestryÂ  Office Satu Mare, on an experimental area located in the Forest District of Satu Mare, on 0.25 ha. It consisted inÂ  twoÂ  parts,Â  oneÂ  containingÂ  theÂ  25Â  yearsÂ  oldÂ  oakÂ  withÂ  secondÂ  productionÂ  class,Â  andÂ  theÂ  other containingÂ  theÂ  25Â  yearsÂ  oldÂ  hornbeamÂ  withÂ  thirdÂ  productionÂ  class.Â  InÂ  oak,Â  31%Â  haveÂ  driedÂ  thin branches, over 20% have the entire crown dried, and 15% present the same symptom but with a less thanÂ  20%Â  intensity.Â  InÂ  hornbeam,Â  7%Â  ofÂ  treesÂ  presentÂ  crownÂ  dryings,Â  thinÂ  branchesÂ  belowÂ  20%Â  or thick dried branches between 1 and 5 %.
The Salty Lakes of Ocna Sibiului. Past. Present. Future
Authors: MIHAIESCU Tania , CUC Manuela , MIHAIESCU Mihnea Andrei
Published: December 2021

At the center of the Transyvanian Plateau lies Ocna Sibiului, with its salt deposits which, in places,Â  runÂ  upÂ  toÂ  oneÂ  thousandÂ  metersÂ  belowÂ  theÂ  surface.Â  TheÂ  presenceÂ  ofÂ  theseÂ  deposits hasÂ  been favored, due the extraction of salt throughout the years causing the formation of the now famous salt lakes. Due to different environmental conditions, lacustrine cuvettes and water quality differ from one lakeÂ  toÂ  another. TheÂ  studiedÂ  lakesÂ  areÂ  consideredÂ  toÂ  beÂ  inÂ  conectionÂ  withÂ  theÂ  saltÂ  depositsÂ  exposed throughÂ  minigÂ  activitiesÂ  carriedÂ  onÂ  inÂ  different time periods.Â  OtherÂ  lakesÂ  inÂ  theÂ  areaÂ  already are isolated from salt deposits due to natural sedimentation proceses. The study adresses the lakes which stillÂ  presentÂ  aÂ  highÂ  degree ofÂ  salinityÂ  andÂ  areÂ  used forÂ  balnearÂ  purposes,Â  andÂ  present,Â  dueÂ  toÂ  various factors, variation of physical-chemical composition throughout the year. Water samples were collected fromÂ  theÂ  mainÂ  sixÂ  lakesÂ  inÂ  OcnaÂ  SibiuluiÂ  (OcniÅ£a -Â  AvramÂ  Iancu;Â  RÃ¢ndunica;Â  Negru;Â  FÄƒrÄƒÂ  Fund; BrÃ¢ncoveanuÂ  andÂ  GuraÂ  Minei). SurveysÂ  wereÂ  carriedÂ  outÂ  in fourÂ  periodsÂ  (March-November)Â  during 2012.WaterÂ  temperature,Â  electricalÂ  conductivityÂ  (atÂ  25Â°C)Â  andÂ  pHÂ  wereÂ  measured in-situ. The water pHÂ  changed fromÂ  aÂ  lakeÂ  toÂ  another.Â  GenerallyÂ  itÂ  isÂ  withinÂ  theÂ  range ofÂ  6.78Â  toÂ  8.8Â  highlightingÂ  the neutralÂ  toÂ  slightlyÂ  alkalineÂ  lakeÂ  water.Â  SaltÂ  lakeÂ  waterÂ  conductivityÂ  values,Â  inÂ  theÂ  upperÂ  layersÂ  vary withinÂ  aÂ  wideÂ  range,Â  fromÂ  moreÂ  thanÂ  200Â  mS cm-1 to 45.7 mS cm-1, withÂ  differentÂ  values from the differentÂ  lacustrineÂ  units. TheÂ  saltÂ  waterÂ  lakes areÂ  characterizedÂ  byÂ  highÂ  contentÂ  ofÂ  sodiumÂ  and chlorine ions. The other major ions are present in a small amount. This paper aims to compare the past and present evolution, characteristics and environment of these lakes, , and, based on this and current research, to project a vision of their future and how it will affect the lives of future generations living besides them.