bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Chalakova Tatyana , Yotov Yoto , Tzotchev Kaloyan , Galcheva Sonya , Balev Boyan , Bocheva Yana , Usheva Natalya , Iotova Violeta
Published: May 2020

:

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disease that starts early in life and often leads
to micro- and macrovascular complications. The incidence of the disease is lower than that of type 2
DM and varies in different countries and ethnic groups, and the etiological and pathogenetic factors are
different from T2DM. The aim of this overview is to investigate the effect of T1DM on all-cause mortality
and CVD morbidity and mortality. During the last decades, the treatment of T1DM has improved
the prognosis of the patients. Still, the mortality rates are higher than those of the age- and sex-matched
general population. With the prolonged survival, the macrovascular complications and cardiovascular
diseases (CVD) appear as major health problems in the management of patients with T1DM. The studies
on the CVD morbidity and mortality in this disease group are sparse, but they reveal that T1DM is
associated with at least 30% higher mortality. In comparison to healthy people, CVDs are more common
in T1DM patients and they occur earlier in life.

:

Furthermore, they are a major cause for death and impaired quality of life in T1DM patients. The correlation
between diabetic control and the duration of T1DM is not always present or is insignificant. Nevertheless,
the early detection of the preclinical stages of the diseases and the risk factors for their development
is important; similarly, the efforts to improve glycemic and metabolic control are of paramount
importance.
Infertility in Light of in vitro Fertilization and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection: Treatments and Associated Outcomes
Authors: Lorzadeh Nahid , Kazemirad Nastran
Published: May 2020

Over the years, the efficacy of assisted reproductive technologies has significantly improved.
Infertility-associated problems like tubal obstruction, severe male-factor infertility, severe
endometriosis and ovulatory dysfunction have entailed the need for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Intracytoplasmic
sperm injection (ICSI) is the insertion of a single and viable spermatozoon into the
oocyte, thereby circumventing the penetration of the oocyte membranes and aiding gamete fusion
process. The use of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are the
most commonly practiced therapeutic measures. However, owing to the report-based outcomes, the
success rate is still inconclusive. Besides, there are reports on low pregnancy rates after ICSI, using
round spermatids from men, in the absence of elongated spermatids in testes. The use of elongated
and round spermatids in ICSI procedures has raised some reasonable doubts regarding the safety of
this treatment. In this review, we will give a comprehensive discussion on the role of IVF/ICSI for
the treatment of infertility, based on the current researches.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Affects Age-associated Health-Related Quality of Life Among Young Age Women in the Urban-Rural Population
Authors: Tabassum Fauzia , Dhar Kavita , Sinha Hemali Heidi , Jyoti Chandra , Akhtar Md Sayeed , Chopra Vipender S.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the major endocrine disorder in
women that promptly affects psychological perception and associated social and cultural relations
with women. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was assessed to explore the effects of PCOS
in terms of emotional aspects and related anxiety in women.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to explore the psychological burden in adolescent women
due to PCOS.

Methods:

A prospective questionnaire-based study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital, and
100 PCOS and 200 healthy cases were enrolled based on Rotterdam criteria during the year 2017
and 2018. Pre-validated HRQOL questionnaires like Short Form Health survey-36 (SF-36) were
used for evaluating the impact of PCOS in women.

Results:

In PCOS cases, mean age and body mass index was 22.81±5.33 and 24.35±5.49 respectively.
A significant difference (P=0.001) regarding age was observed between PCOS and healthy
control. The higher percentage of PCOS cases (90 %) were among the category of less than 5 years of
PCOS symptoms. In addition, we observed a significant (P=0.001) reduction in quality of life in all
eight domains of SF-36 questionnaire between PCOS and healthy control cases. Moreover, a decreasing
pattern of SF-36 score was observed with an increase in the duration of PCOS symptoms.

Conclusion:

Altogether, our result of this study concluded that HRQOL especially emotional
changes were more affected in adolescent and middle age group patients that may be due to fear of
infertility and cosmetic problems.
Effects of Heat Source Temperature, Nanostructure, and Wettability on Explosive Boiling of Ultra-Thin Liquid Argon Film Over Graphene Substrate: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Zhang Haiyan , Li Cunhui , Wang Yi , Zhu Yingmin , Wang Weidong
Published: May 2020

Background:

The study on explosive boiling phenomenon has received increasing attention
because it involves many industries, such as advanced micro-, nano-electromechanical and
nano-electronic cooling systems, laser steam cleaning, and so on.

Objective:

In the present work, the explosive boiling of ultra-thin liquid film over two-dimensional
nanomaterial surface in confined space with particular emphasis under the three different influencing
factors: various heights of nanostructures, various wetting conditions of solid-liquid interface as well
as various heat source temperatures.

Methods:

Molecular Dynamics simulations (MDs) in present work have been adopted to simulate the
whole explosive boiling process.

Results:

For different heat source temperature case, the higher the heat temperature is, the less time
the explosive boiling spends after relaxation. For nanostructure case, nanostructure surface significantly
increases heat transfer rate and then leads to the increase of phase transition rate of explosive
boiling. For different wetting property case, the increase of surface wettability results in an increase
of phase transition to some degree.

Conclusion:

The addition of nanostructures, the higher heat source temperature and good wettability
between thin liquid film and substrate surface dramatically improve thermal heat transfer from solid
surface to liquid film, which will give rise to explosive boiling occur. In addition, the non-vaporized
argon layer still exists in these three factors despite continuous thermal transmission from the substrate
surface to liquid argon film adjacent to the solid surface even other vaporized argon atoms.
Epimedium brevicornumMaxim and its Efficacy in the Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction
Authors: Mahboubi Mohaddese
Published: May 2020

Epimedium sp. is a famous plant as sexual enhancer. In Chinese Pharmacopeia, Five species
of Epimedium brevicornum, E. sagittatum, E. pubescens, E. koreanum, and E. wushanense were
recorded as Epimedium Herba (Yin Yang Huo). The aim of this review article was to evaluate the
potential efficacy of E. brevicornum as a remedy for sexual dysfunction and infertility. For preparing
of this manuscript, we searched in all accessible resources (PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley, Springer,
and Google), books, thesis, and pharmacopeias. There are different traditional prescriptions containing
E. brevicornum, which are recommended for the treatment of impotence and sexual disorders.
Although, there is no clinical study on efficacy and safety of E. brevicornum on sexual functions,
but animal and experimental analysis exhibited that E. brevicornum is an estrogenic plant and
its flavonoid glycosides are inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE 5) and improved the erectile dysfunction,
libido, impotence, sperm quality and fertility. Due to the lack of clinical study on the efficacy
of E. brevicornum, designing the human clinical study on safety and efficacy of standard E.
brevicornum can be the subject of future studies.
A comparative study of techniques used for the diagnosis of effusive feline infectious peritonitis
Authors: Hellemans A. , Acar D. D. , Stroobants V. J. E. , Theuns S. , Desmarets L. M. B. , Nauwynck H. J.
Published: May 2020

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease caused by feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). At present, neither a licensed treatment nor an accurate ante-mortem diagnosis are available. In the present study, three available tests were evaluated for their diagnostic power on effusion samples. High feline coronavirus antibody titers, measured with an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA), were correlated with FIP but its low specificity precluded a reliable diagnosis. The in-house 5’ reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) provided a much better specificity and high sensitivity. Given the low sensitivity of immunofluorescence staining (IF) of effusive cells, the RT-qPCR alone or in combination with IPMA represents a good alternative for IF. In the majority of the effusion samples from FIP positive animals, Sanger sequencing of the open reading frame encoding the spike protein (ORF S) revealed not only mutations that were previously associated with FIP (M1058L, S1060A, I1106T and D1108Y/E/G) but also two new, closely related mutations (T1112S/N).
XXIV Международный симпозиум Нанофизика и наноэлектроника", Нижний Новгород, 10-13 марта 2020 г. Анализ фононных мод и электрон-фононного взаимодействия в квантово-каскадных лазерных гетероструктурах
Authors: Афоненко Ан.А. , Афоненко А.А. , Ушаков Д.В. , Дубинов А.А.
Published: May 2020

The phonon modes of quantum cascade heterostructures based on binary and ternary semiconductor compounds are modeled. The dependences of the frequencies of the interface phonon modes of the structure on the wave vector in the plane of the layers and on the phase shift in the period of the superlattice are calculated. It was found that the range of variation of the quantum energy of the phonon modes of the GaAs/Al0.25Ga0.75As structure does not exceed 2 meV. The calculated resulting interband scattering rate in the structure, taking into account the interface and confined modes, practically does not differ from the calculations in the approximation of bulk phonons of the structure.
Разогрев и релаксация энергии электронно-дырочного газа в треке первичного атома отдачи
Authors: Пузанов А.С. , Оболенский С.В. , Козлов В.А.
Published: May 2020

Based on the Monte Carlo algorithm, a method has been developed for calculating the energy spectrum of hot nonequilibrium electrons and holes in the track of the primary recoil atom when exposed to single fast neutrons. The calculations of the heating and subsequent relaxation of nonequilibrium charge carriers in silicon in the track of a charged particle with initial energies in the range of 50...200 keV are carried out. The characteristic temperatures of the electron and hole plasma were obtained, which amounted to 5400 K and 2700 K, respectively. The effect of radiation-induced heating of charge carriers on the failure stability of static memory elements is discussed.
Комбинационное рассеяние света квазиоднофотонных импульсов в оптоволокне с накачкой
Authors: Попов В.Г. , Криштоп В.Г. , Тарелкин C.А. , Корель И.И.
Published: May 2020

Processes of Raman scattering of quasi-single-photon pulses in a single-mode optical fiber with pumping are theoretically considered. The peculiarity of the scattering is that the pumping creates non-equilibrium molecular vibrations, which significantly increases the probability of Raman scattering in the optical fiber. Non-equilibrium vibrations are expected to be when the stimulated Raman scattering takes place for the pump pulse. As a result, the length of the optical fiber has been estimated where the probability of the Raman scattering is increased
Влияние температуры формирования на морфологию por-Si, получаемого методом Pd-стимулированного химического травления
Authors: Силаков Г.О. , Воловликова О.В. , Гаврилов С.А. , Железнякова А.В. , Дудин А.А.
Published: May 2020

The process of Pd-assisted chemical etching of silicon in a solution containing HF and H2O2 was studied. The influence of factors such as etching duration and solution temperature on the morphology of the formed layers was investigated. It is shown that in process Pd - assisted etching, Pd nanoparticles remain on the walls and bottom of the pores. Those structures, as was demonstrated in early works, have the property of electro-oxidation of ethanol, which gives grounds to assert that the formed structures are Schottky-type structures. Using the electrochemical equilibrium diagram in the Si-HF system (aq.), a model of Pd-assisted etching was determined. It is shown that the polishing dissolution of Si occurs without the formation of intermediate products (SiO2).
Взаимодействие фторуглерода с моноокисью кремния и процессы образования нанонитей SiC
Authors: Астрова Е.В. , Улин В.П. , Парфеньева А.В. , Нащекин А.В. , Неведомский В.Н. , Байдакова М.В.
Published: May 2020

When studying the processes of thermal carbonization of silicon monoxide in the presence of non-stoichiometric carbon monofluoride, it was found that increasing the annealing temperature of mixtures of SiO and CFx powders in a quasiclosed volume to 1000°C and higher leads to the release of whisker-like SiC nanocrystals. The studies showed that in parallel with the known crystallization of SiC nanowires as a result of the interaction of SiO vapors with carbon monoxide, previously undescribed interaction of CO with gas-phase silicon difluoride SiF2 takes part in their formation. At temperatures below 1200°C, this reaction is dominant, making the largest contribution to the yield of SiC nanowires.
Расчет доз аморфизации кремния при облучении легкими ионами средних энергий
Authors: Окулич Е.В. , Окулич В.И. , Тетельбаум Д.И.
Published: May 2020

Based on the previously proposed diffusion–coagulation model of defect formation under ion irradiation of silicon and numerically solving the corresponding kinetic equations, amorphization doses (Фam) for ions of medium energy with a mass of M1 ≤ 31 a.m.u. were calculated. It is assumed that amorphization at a given depth occurs at a dose at which a certain threshold value of the total concentration of vacancies and divacancies (Cam) is reached. Variable parameters in the calculations were: ion energy, ion current density, temperature, as well as the threshold atomic displacement energy of atom (Ed) and Cam. Limits of the diffusion–coagulation model are determined. Comparison of the results of calculations carried out at these limits with published experimental data showed (taking into account the variation of the experimental data and a certain freedom of choice of the parameters Ed and Cam) a satisfactory agreement between the calculated and experimental values of Фam.
Расчет волновых функций резонансных состояний акцепторов в узкозонных соединениях CdHgTe
Authors: Жолудев М.С. , Козлов Д.В. , Куликов Н.С. , Разова А.А. , Гавриленко В.И. , Морозов С.В.
Published: May 2020

Wavefunctions of electron have been calculated for conduction band of zero-gap HgCdTe alloy with Coulomb acceptor. Energies of resonant states have been estimated.
Влияние имплантации ионов Al-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=- на состав, электронную и кристаллическую структуру поверхности GaP(111)
Authors: Донаев С.Б. , Умирзаков Б.Е.
Published: May 2020

Nanocrystalline phases and GaAlP films were obtained by implanting Al+ ions
with E0 = 1 keV at different doses on the surface of a GaP(111) single crystal, and
their electronic and crystalline structures were studied. It is shown that the type and
lattice parameters of a three-component nanostructure are in good agreement with
those for the substrate. The relationship between the band gap Eg and the sizes of
nanocrystalline phases is studied. It has been established that in the case of surface
sizes of phases d less than 35–40 nm (thickness 3.5–4 nm), the quantum-size
effects appear in the Ga0.6Al0.4P nanocrystalline phases.
The Cyrus Thomas Collection of Aphididae, and a Tabulation of Species Mentioned and Described in his Publications
Authors: Davis John
Published: May 2020

Many inquiries, from specialists on the Aphididce, and others, regarding the disposition and condition of the Thomas collection of Aphididce have been received, and the following data, most of which are based on a study of this collection, seem worthy of publication.
The North American Species of the Genus Tiphia (Hymenoptera, Aculeata) in the Collection of the Illinois State Natural History Survey
Authors: Malloch J. R.
Published: May 2020

It is not to be assumed that the Tiphia species discussed in this paper constitute an exhaustive list of those occurring in Illinois, and it is certain that a very large number of those occurring in the UnitedStates are unknown to me ; but the present paper contains the most comprehensive survey of the North American species yet attempted, contains many new characters for the differentiation of the species, and should prove useful to students of the group.
Ways and Means of Measuring the Dangers of Pollution to Fisheries
Authors: Shelford Victor
Published: May 2020

A number of crucial questions have frequently called for answers in the past few months, and it is the purpose of this paper to state these problems, to emphasize the need for further definite investigation for their solution, and to give a general indication of the trend of existing data bearing on them. The general subject of the relation of aquatic animals to the physical and chemical conditions of their environment has only recently begun to receive systematic attention.
Some Recent Changes in Illinois River Biology
Authors: Forbes Stephen , Richardons Robert
Published: May 2020

The principal causes of change in the biological environment of the Illinois River which have come in since 1899 are the opening of the drainage canal of the Sanitary District of Chicago in January, 1900, a great increase in the amount of Chicago sewage emptied into the stream, and an extensive reclamation of the river bottoms for agricultural uses ; and it is our present purpose to trace the principal effects of these changes upon the life of the stream.
Acanthocephala from the Illinois River, with Descriptions of Species and a Synopsis of the Family Neoechinorhynchidae
Authors: Van Cleave H. J.
Published: May 2020

The present paper is based upon an intensive search for Acanthocephala in the vertebrates of the Illinois River, especially in the region of Havana, Illinois. The collections were the result chiefly of work during the summer of 1910, though a number of subsequent observations have been included in the tabulated results along with a few instances of hosts examined at other points on the river, namely at Peoria and at Beardstown, Illinois.
A Study of the Malarial Mosquitoes of Southern Illinois
Authors: Chandler Stewart
Published: May 2020

It has been the main object of the survey to find the kinds of places in which malarial mosquitoes breed in southern Illinois and to learn which kinds are clearly preferred and how continuously and to what extent the various species abound through the year. From these data, together with those obtained from physicians, certain conclusions have been drawn in respect to the relation between the amount of malarial disease on the one hand and the number of malarial mosquitoes, the proximity of their breeding-areas, and the distances to which they are capable of flying, on the other.
Further Tests of Dry Sulfur Compounds for the Control of the San Jose Scale
Authors: Flint Wesley
Published: May 2020

During the season of 1919 a series of experiments for the control of the San Jose scale was conducted in two orchards on the west side of the state. The object of these experiments was to make a thorough test, under field conditions, of several widely advertised dry sulfur compoundsintended for the control of the San Jose scale. A description of these experiments and the results have been published in Experiment Station Circular No. 239, this work being conducted by W. S. Brock, of the Horticultural Department of the University of Illinois, and the present writer.
An Ecological Survey of the Prairie Vegetation of Illinois
Authors: Sampson Homer
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this survey was to determine as far as possible the composition and ecological relation of the prairie vegetation of Illinois.
Changes in the Bottom and Shore Fauna of the Middle Illinois River and its Connecting Lakes since 1913-1915 as a Result of the Increase, Southward, of Sewage Pollution
Authors: Richardson Robert
Published: May 2020

The following short account of the principal changes that have occurred both in the composition and abundance of the small bottom-invertebrate fauna of the Illinois River system between Chillicothe and Browning since 1913-1915, these points being respectively 146.5 and 229.5 miles below the mouth of the Chicago River-is based on hauls made in July, August, and September, 1920, with the Petersen quantitative bottom- sampler at seventy-one stations in the river and Peoria Lake between Chillicothe and the head of Grand Island, and at twenty-five stations in five of the more important bottom-land lakes in the neighborhood of Havana.
Notes on a Collection of Erythroneura and Hymetta (Eupterygidae) chiefly from Illinois, with Descriptions of New Forms
Authors: McAtee W. L.
Published: May 2020

The collection here reported upon was identified and descriptions of new forms written several months ago, completion of the report being delayed by lack of time to trace out a few loose ends. As a new revision of the genus Erythroneura is under way it is thought best to put on record now these Illinois data.
Illinois River Bottom Fauna in 1923
Authors: Richardson Robert
Published: May 2020

The present paper is based on one hundred and fifty Petersen sampler collections taken in the Illinois River and Peoria Lake between June and September 1923 ; including 26 taken between La Salle and the head of Peoria Lake; 75 in the lake or its entrance, outlet, or connecting- '"narrows" ; and 49 below the lake and between Peoria and Beardstown.
Changes in the Small Bottom Fauna of Peoria Lake, 1920-1922
Authors: Richardson Robert
Published: May 2020

The present paper compares the condition of the bottom fauna of Peoria Lake as found in July-September, 1922, with that of the summer of 1920, which was probably very close to its point of low condition following the mortality of 1917-1918, just referred to; with the result, in general, of indicating an essentially slight though measurable improvement in the two years.
Recent Insecticide Experiments in Illinois with Lubricating Oil Emulsions
Authors: Chandler S. C. , Flint W. P. , Huber L.L.
Published: May 2020

This report gives the results of four years experiments on the control of San Jose scale at various points in southern Illinois.
Notes on Homoptera from Illinois, with Descriptions of New Forms, chiefly Eupteryginae
Authors: McAtee W. L.
Published: May 2020

The records given herein supplement those in a previous paper (Bul. Ill. State Nat. Hist. Survey, Vol. XV, Art. II, April, 1924, pp. 39-44) along similar lines, and constitute a report on various lots of Homoptera, chiefly Eupteryginae submitted to the writer for determination. The species of the genus Typhlocyba are treated in a previous paper (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 68, Art. 18, pp. 1-47), and those of the genus Empoasca are held pending revisional study.
The General Entomological Ecology of the Indian Corn Plant
Authors: Forbes Stephen
Published: May 2020

A prolonged study, extending over many years, of the entomology of the corn plant, the economic results of which have been published in my seventh and twelfth reports as State Entomologist of Illinois (the Eighteenth and Twenty-third of the office series), has left in my possession a considerable body of information capable of treatment from the standpoint of pure ecology, and the beginnings of such a treatment are here assembled because of the rising interest in ecological investigation and the promise which it gives of interesting and important results, and becauseof a wish to illustrate in some measure the general scientific value of such materials of which, it scarcely need be said, the economic entomologists of this country have accumulated a large amount.
Methods and Principles for Interpreting the Phenology of Crop Pests
Authors: Tehon L. R.
Published: May 2020

In the present state of affairs, this paper proposes primarily to call attention to a method of defining the relations of plant diseases to climate and weather; but it intends, also, to make additional suggestions which may be useful to entomologists (the latter having used the method to a limited extent) and to point out some of the fundamental principles concerned. If certain sections of the paper should appear to readers to be lacking in conclusiveness, the writer would respond that his aim has been not so much to draw final conclusions as to illustrate the potentialities of a method.
The Bottom Fauna of the Middle Illinois River, 1913-1925
Authors: Richardson R. E.
Published: May 2020

The present paper adds the findings of two more years (1924 and 1925) to our previous accumulation on the small bottom fauna of the middle Illinois River, and brings into comparison with the data obtained under the comparatively clean-water conditions of 1913-1915 the results of five summers' collecting in the more or less seriously polluted bottom muds in the same territory between the years 1920 and 1925.
Epidemic Diseases of Fruit Trees in Illinois 1922-1928
Authors: Tehon L. R. , Stout Gilbert
Published: May 2020

It is our purpose, now, to present in some detail an account of the survey methods that have been developed and used in dealing with fruittree diseases and to state the results that have been obtained through their use. These methods are similar in certain respects to those described for cereal diseases in a former publication. Consequently this discussion has been made as brief as possible.
Records of Spring Migration of Birds at Urbana, Illinois, 1903-1922
Authors: Smith Frank
Published: May 2020

The chief object in view in the preparation of this paper has been to make available to those interested certain data connected with spring bird migration activities in East Central Illinois in tlie vicinity of Urbana.
The Plankton of Some Sink Hole Ponds in Southern Illinois
Authors: Eddy Samuel
Published: May 2020

A study of the plankton of such ponds is of interest because of the additional information thus obtained regarding pond organisms and because of the possibilities of their relation to cave fauna. Also, as the ponds may be the sources of the large springs for which these regionsare noted and often popular. the contents of their waters are important as possible sources of pollution.
The Plankton of the Sangamon River in the Summer of 1929
Authors: Eddy Samuel
Published: May 2020

The present study is an attempt to determine to what extent these effects are reflected by changes in the abundance of certain kinds of microscopic organisms, collectively called plankton, which live suspended in the water.
A List of the Mosses, Liverworts, and Lichens of Illinois
Authors: Hall John , Hall Elihu
Published: May 2020

A list based on specimens collected from Menard county by Mr. Hall, from Fulton county by Mr. Wolf, and from Southern Illinois mostly obtained by Mr. Wolf, as botanical collector of a party from the State Laboratory which visited the counties of Union, Johnson, and Jackson, during July and August, 1877.
Descriptive Catalogue of North American Batrachia and Reptilia, Found East of Mississippi River
Authors: Davis N. S., Jr. , Rice Frank L.
Published: May 2020

The students of general herpetology in this country have labored under great disadvantage, as the descriptions of American Batrachia and Reptilia are scattered through many works, which are rarely found except in large scientific libraries. In the following pages an attempt is made to describe, in convenient form, the species found in Eastern North America, and the higher groups to which they belong. The nomenclature and classification used are the same as that adopted by Prof. E. D. Cope in his Check List of North American Batrachia and Reptilia. In order to facilitate the identification of specimens, and in order that the catalogue may be available to the greatest number, when easily recognizable characters did not exist in the natural synopses, they were added in artificial ones.
Descriptive Catalog of the North American Hepaticae, North of Mexico
Authors: Underwood Lucien M.
Published: May 2020

The Hepaticae include quite diverse forms of vegetation, judging from the outward habit of the plants composing the group, yet all are more or less intimately related in their essential, that is. their reproductive characters. The lower forms consist of a mere expansion of tissue with no differentiation of stem and leaves. These thalloid forms are quite frequently confused with certain forms of lichens, but can be easily distinguished by the fact that while the lichen is usually rather dry and crustaceous or leathery, the hepatic is more loosely cellular or spongy in texture, and presents a moist or somewhat juicy appearance under pressure. Some of the aquatic forms have also been mistaken for algae. The higher forms of Hepaticae are more moss-like in general appearance, consisting of a stem and leaves usually closely creeping over some substance, which may be the ground itself, rotten wood, living trees, or rocks. These higher forms are sometimes confused with the true mosses (Musci), but can usually be distinguished by having the leaves two-ranked, while the mosses proper have them in several or many ranks. The more technical differences will be made apparent at a later paragraph.
List of described species of Fresh Water Crustacea from America, North of Mexico
Authors: Underwood Lucien M.
Published: May 2020

The economic relations of the fresh water Crustacea are rapidly calling them into general notice, since their importance as the natural food supply of many of our most valuable fishes is established beyond question. It has seemed desirable that our scattered literature on this subject should be indexed and made available to students. The following preliminary list is not intended as a complete arrangement of genera and species. A thorough revision of many of these groups must precede any permanent arrangement, and this is not possible at present. It is, therefore, merely an index to the described species, with such references to American and foreign literature as will place the student in a position to make use at once of all that pertains to each species. In case a full synonymy is given in standard works, like those of Leydig, Claus, P. E. Miller, Brady, etc., it has not been thought desirable to repeat this synonymy, but merely to refer to the author giving it in full. For this reason all the European papers are not repeated for all the species they describe. In the American literature, however, it has seemed desirable to give every reference to each species, even at the risk of too great repetition.
Studies of the food of Fresh Water Fishes
Authors: Forbes Stephen A.
Published: May 2020

The cod family is represented in Illinois by only a single species, the burbot (Lota maculosa), occurring in the interior of Lake Michigan, and making its way at irregular intervals to the shallow waters within the reach of ordinary fishing operations. Since the opening of canals between the Great Lakes and the river systems of the State, occasional specimens have been taken in the Illinois and Mississippi. Its predaceous character is too well known to make special description of its alimentary structures necessary. It is reported by Mr. G. Brown Goode to feed upon various small fishes and Crustacea which frequent the bottom, devouring more particularly fishes with habits like its own. It is extremely voracious, with a wonderfully distensible stomach; and not only captures the most active fishes, such as the pike, but will eat carrion, and may even swallow stones. It is reported to be nocturnal in habit, and often to secure its prey by stealth.
On the Food Relations of Fresh-Water Fishes; a summary and discussion
Authors: Forbes Stephen A.
Published: May 2020

The principal object of the research reported in the series of papers of which this is the concluding number, is to determine more precisely than has hitherto been done the relations to nature of the various genera and families of the fishes of an interior region. This purpose has led especially to a study of the food relations of the groups, for through these, chiefly, fishes exert their influence on the outer world, and are themselves impressed in turn; and thus have appeared a number of subordinate considerations having a bearing, more or less direct, on the main intention of the study.
Initial Studies of American Elm Diseases in Illinois
Authors: Harris Hubert
Published: May 2020

This paper is a report of the first results of the investigation. It includes an account of previous work on Illinois elm diseases, the importance of the present malady in nurseries and cities, the general symptoms manifested by diseased elms in Illinois, a detailed consideration of symptoms, effects, and probable pathogens for several important and minor diseases and of fungi obtained infrequently, as well as an account of two preliminary experiments relating to the control of "elm wilt" in nurseries.
Annotated List of the Fishes of Illinois
Authors: O'Donnell John
Published: May 2020

Many scientific names of Illinois fishes have been changed in the twenty-six years that have passed since the original report was issued, so that today there is need for a list which will place the state fauna in accord with present general classifications.
Preliminary studies on parasites of upland game birds and fur-bearing mammals in Illinois
Authors: Leigh W. Henry
Published: May 2020

THE following is a brief report on studies of the parasites of Illinois upland game birds and fur-bearing mammals. It was undertaken by the author during graduate study at the University of Illinois as a project of the Section of Game Research and Management of the Illinois Natural History Survey.
Preliminary Investigation of Oak Diseases in Illinois
Authors: Carter J. Cedric
Published: May 2020

The diseases of oak studied by the author and the fungi associated with them are described in this paper.
Overfishing in a Small Artificial Lake
Authors: Bennett George W.
Published: May 2020

The only case of overfishing ever observed in Illinois by Natural History Survey aquatic biologists occurred under conditions favorable for study, 1938-1941. Evidence of overfishing was available from well-kept records of hook-and-line catches for two complete fishing seasons and parts of two others, and from sample catches made with test hoopnets in 1938 and 1940.  A poison census was made on June 24, 1941. At this time the lake contained 9,171 fish weighing 442.17 pounds. The kinds of fish present were largemouth bass, black crappies, bluegills, warmouth bass, green sunfish, yellow bass, black bullheads, yellow bullheads and golden shiners, as well as one carp, one common sucker and one blunt-nosed minnow. The oldest fish were in their sixth summer of life, and nearly all of these were largemouth bass. Most of the fish were taken when in their third summer. In spite of heavy fishing, the natural spawn of fish was obviously sufficient to insure replacement of those fish removed, and under reduced fishing intensity the lake would have returned to its former carrying capacity.
Fox Squirrels and Gray Squirrels in Illinois
Authors: Brown Louis G. , Yeager Lee E.
Published: May 2020

The project had two main objectives: 1. Determination of squirrel breeding seasons and related biology, the information derived to be used in recommending biologically sound squirrel hunting seasons. 2. Determination of the environmental requirements of Illinois squirrels, the information on this subject to be used in management and restoration practices. Field work covered a 4-year period, 1940-1943. No completely satisfactory census technique was developed. The western fox squirrel (Sciurus niger rufiventris) inhabits most wooded areas, including small woodlots and hedgerows, in every Illinois county. The gray squirrel (S. carolinensis leucotis and/or 5. c. carolinensis) occurs in all Illinois counties except some on the black prairie.  It is confined to dense forest stands and is most numerous in those with brushy understory in the river bluffs and bottoms areas. The red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus loquax) was not found in Illinois by the writers.  Both fox and gray squirrels have two breeding seasons per year, the first in winter and spring and the second in spring and summer.  Second-season litters appear to be confined largely to vigorous females over 18 months old. Both spring-born and summer-born animals attain sexual maturity at the age of about 10 to 12 months, and the females produce their first young when approximately a year old.
The Leafhoppers, or Cicadellidae, of Illinois (Eurymelinae Balcluthinae)
Authors: DeLong D. M.
Published: May 2020

The leafhoppers, or Cicadellidae, constitute one of the largest families of insects in North America and also in tile entire world, rivaling in number of species such groups as the rove beetles, or Staphylinidae, the hymenopterous family Ichneumonidae, and the weevil family Curculionidae. When complete, the Illinois list of leafhoppers will probably be close to 700 species. This report deals with about half of the Illinois leaf hopper species, comprising 16 subfamilies. The other half belongs to the large subfamily Cicadellinae, which is not treated in this report except for a key to the genera. Three hundred thirty species of the subfamilies here treated are recorded from Illinois. Additional species whose range indicates that they might he found in the state with subsequent collecting have been added to the keys for the purpose of giving a more thorough understanding of the Illinois species. Many leafhopper species are economically important, either inflicting direct damage to crops, or transmitting plant diseases. These species are difficult to differentiate from many forms considered to be of little or no economic importance. One of the principal aims of this report is to set forth keys and illustrations for their identification.
Biology of the White Crappie in Illinois
Authors: Hanson Donald F.
Published: May 2020

The white crappie, Pomoxis annularis Rafinesque, and the black crappie, Pomoxis nigro-maculatus (Le Sueur), are among the most characteristic and abundant fishes of the lakes and streams of Illinois. They are popular with Illinois anglers and are generally ranked with the better food fishes of the state. Both species have been used extensively for stocking artificial lakes of various sizes. This paper is based largely on white crappie studies carried on by the writer at Lake Decatur, Macon County, Illinois, during the period beginning in late November, 1935, and ending in early December, 1939. Most of the fish for the Lake Decatur studies were caught in hoop nets that were operated at 1- to 2-month intervals at all seasons of the year.
Ecological Life History of the Warmouth (Centrarchidae)
Authors: Larimore R. Weldon
Published: May 2020

Overpopulation among certain warm-water fishes is now commonly recognized as a cause of poor fishing in many lakes and ponds of the United States. More than a decade ago, Bennett (1944:186) suggested that perhaps some sunfish not prone to overpopulation would, with little control by man, produce good fishing over a prolonged period. This suggestion stimulated a search for a species that has a low reproductive potential, a species that does not tend to overcrowd its habitat, and yet has good sporting qualities. The warmouth, Chaenobryttus gulosiis (Cuvier), appeared to be such a species. The study of its life history and ecology presented here may serve as a basis for an estimate of the potential value of the species as a companion for bass or other game fishes in lakes and ponds of Illinois and neighboring states.
Stocking and Sport Fishing at Lake Glendale (Illinois)
Authors: Hansen Donald F.
Published: May 2020

The relative success of two stocking procedures used at Lake Glendale was measured in terms of the quality of hook-and-line fishing that followed the stockings. The initial stocking, in the spring of 1940, was done with adult fish at the rate of 0.9 largemouth bass and 2.6 bluegills per acre; the later stocking, in the fall of 1946, was done with a mixture of yearling and adult fish at the rate of 27.4 largemouth bass and 41.3 bluegills per acre. Warmouths and green sunfish contaminated the lake in both study periods, 1940- 1946 and 1946-1950, but the populations built up by these species were small. The standing crop value for Lake Glendale was similar to the standing crop values for two small ponds in the region but considerably below the values of 6 other ponds, including three 1-acre ponds within 2 miles of the lake. Lake Glendale contained fewer fish of harvestable sizes per acre than the three nearby ponds. Bass fishermen at Lake Glendale did not lose their interest in bass fishing when the population of legal-size bass stood at 5 fish per acre and the catch rate on plugs averaged only 0.06 bass per trip. No close correlation was found between fishing effort and fishing success.
The Thrips, or Thysanoptera, of Illinois
Authors: Stannard Lewis Judson
Published: May 2020

This article is presented to make our tiny thrips better known—to show what thrips really are, to explain which ones are harmful and which ones are beneficial, and to introduce the many thrips that are of no direct economic consequence to man but are a part of the native fauna of Illinois. As will be shown, thrips are exquisite creatures, complicated in form, delicate in habit, and most dis- tinct from the usual run of insects. About 200 species of thrips have been collected in Illinois. Herein is an account of those species and of some others that may occur, but so far have not been found, in our state.
Jassidae of Illinois
Authors: Woodworth Charles W.
Published: May 2020

The insects included under the name Jassidae, form a large and well-defined natural group. They are readily distinguishable from members of the allied families as follows: from Cicadidae by the possession of but two ocelli (or none) instead of three, as in the latter family; from Cercopidae by having broad transverse posterior coxae instead of conical ones, and having the posterior tibiae prismatic instead of round; and lastly, from Membracidae by having the thorax only slightly convex and not strongly declivous. Aside from this there is a general resemblance between forms of the same family, so that they may be very readily distinguished at a glance; but the above characters are useful chiefly for 'doubtful cases, before the student becomes familiar with the various forms.
An American Terrestrial Leech
Authors: Forbes Stephen A.
Published: May 2020

Our common land leech was first obtained by me in April, 1876, at Normal, McLean County, Illinois, where it was dug up in a house garden, about a dozen rods from the nearest rivulet. An example sent the following year to Prof. A. E. Verrill, with some remarks on its superficial characters, was by him identified provisionally and with some hesitation as his Semiscolex grandis, originally described* from three aquatic individuals obtained from Lake Huron, Lake Superior, and West River, Connecticut. I have now, however, fifty-six specimens of this leech, all from the earth in Central Illinois, some of them half a mile or more from water, and representing collections made at different times from April, 1876, to June, 1890 ; while, on the other hand, it has not once occurred in the course of a large amount of aquatic work done in the same regions during these fifteen years. It has, moreover, constant characters which clearly distinguish it from Semiscolex qrandis as far as one may judge by a comparison with Verrill's description, and I do not doubt that it is distinct.
A Preliminary Report on the Animals of the Mississippi Bottoms Near Quincy, Illinois, in August 1888. Part I
Authors: Garman H.
Published: May 2020

The peculiar features of the waters examined while with the Fish Commission at Quincy, in August, 1888, are reflected in the character of the collections taken from them. The locality is not one which would be selected by the naturalist as likely to yield a great variety of species. The waters are too much alike and are too much at the mercy of the Mississippi River for that. It is a localitv, however, that is eminently characteristic of the Mississippi Valley, and one that is calculated to yield a fauna equally characteristic of certain influences which the great stream exerts upon its denizens.
A Synopsis of the Reptiles and Amphibians of Illinois
Authors: Garman H. L.
Published: May 2020

This synopsis is presented largely as it was written several years ago. Before a final report on our reptiles and amphibians is prepared, it is sincerely to be desired that examples of every Illinois species may be in the Illinois Laboratory collection for description, and that the local features of the fauna may be brought out by a critical comparison of Illinois specimens with collections from other parts of the United States. Specimens of the following species, and observations upon them, are especially desirable: Cistudo ornata, Chrysemys picta, Pseudemys hieroglyphica, P. concinna, Heterodon simus, Ophibolus rhombomaculatus, Nerodia sipedon var. fasciata, Rana areolata, R. sylvatica, Hyla cinerea, Desmognathus fusca, Spelerpes ruber, Amblystoma jeffersonianum and A. punctatum.
Synopsis of the Subfamilies and Genera of the North American Cercopidae, with a Bibliographical and Synonymical Catalogue of the Described Species of North America
Authors: Goding F. W.
Published: May 2020

Synopsis of the Subfamilies and Genera of the North American Cercopidae, with a Bibliographical and Synonymical Catalogue of the Described Species of North America
Migrational Behavior of Mallards and Black Ducks as Determined from Banding
Authors: Bellrose Frank Chapman , Crompton Robert D.
Published: May 2020

Large scale banding of migratory ducks in the United States first occurred in Illinois. The objectives of the analysis presented in this paper were to determine: a) the migration patterns as shown by band recoveries from mallards and black ducks, b) the variation in migration patterns of mallards banded at various localities in the Mississippi Flyway, c) the degree of variation in migration patterns of mallards from year to year, d) the period of time mallards remain at a given area on the flyway, and e) the chronology of migration in the mallard as shown by band recoveries.
A Survey of the Mussels (Unionacea) of the Illinois River
Authors: Starrett William Charles
Published: May 2020

The basic purposes of this investigation were to make a survey of the pearly mussel (Mollusca: Pelecypoda: Unionacea) populations of the entire Illinois River in order to formulate a sound basis for managing the mussel resource of this river, and to determine what species and distributional changes had taken place during the past century.
Nutritional Responses of Pheasants to Corn, with Special Reference to High-Lysine Corn
Authors: Labiski Ronald F. , Anderson William L.
Published: May 2020

The objectives of this investigation were to ascertain the physiological responses of juvenile hen pheasants in autumn, and of adult hens in late winter and early spring to exclusive diets of normal corn and high-lysine corn.