A genetically engineered mouse/human chimeric antibody targeting CD99 enhances antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis against human mantle cell lymphoma Z138 cells
Authors:   Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand., Kotemul Kamonporn , Pata Supansa ,   Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand., Laopajon Witida ,   Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand., Kasinrerk Watchara ,   Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand., Takheaw Nuchjira ,   Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.
Published: June 2024

Background: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive form of B-cell nonHodgkin lymphoma. The elimination of MCL cells via phagocytosis is essential for cancer eradication. Therefore, discovering novel targeted antibodies that can induce phagocytosis is needed. We have demonstrated that our in-houseproduced mouse anti-CD99 mAb clone MT99/3 could induce potent anticancer activities against MCL cell lines in both in vitro and in vivo mouse xenograft models. Nevertheless, for use in humans, the mouse mAb needs to be transformed into a mouse/human chimeric mAb that contains a human Fc region to activate human immune effector functions, especially macrophage-mediated phagocytosis. Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) mediated by mouse/human chimeric mAb MT99/3 against MCL has not been previously reported. Objective: This study aimed to genetically engineer a mouse/human chimeric antibody against human CD99 derived from mouse mAb MT99/3 and to evaluate its effect in mediating the ADCP mechanism for eradicating MCL cells in vitro using monocyte-derived macrophages. Materials and methods: The expression plasmid to produce chimeric anti-CD99 antibody, ChAbMT99/3, was constructed by fusing the variable domains of mouse mAb MT99/3 with the constant domains of human IgG1 and the constant domains of kappa light chain. ChAbMT99/3 was expressed in the stable human expression system based on HEK293T cells. ChAbMT99/3 was purified from the culture supernatant of ChAbMT99/3-expressing HEK293T cells using Protein G chromatography. The purity and structure of ChAbMT99/3 were verified by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. The binding specificity and activity were determined by staining with cells expressing recombinant and native human CD99. The anticancer activity of ChAbMT99/3 in mediating the ADCP mechanism against MCL cell line Z138 using human monocytederived macrophages was evaluated. Results: We successfully constructed the plasmid to produce ChAbMT99/3. Human HEK293T cells stably expressing ChAbMT99/3 were established. The ChAbMT99/3- expressing HEK293T cells could secrete ChAbMT99/3 into the culture supernatant. The high purity and complete IgG structure of ChAbMT99/3 were obtained from the purification process. Crucially, this chimeric antibody retained its binding reactivity to recombinant and native human CD99. In addition, the produced ChAbMT99/3, upon binding to MCL cells, significantly enhanced ADCP against MCL cell line Z138 in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: The production of a mouse/human chimeric antibody against human CD99 derived from mouse mAb MT99/3 was successful. The engineered antibody could mediate ADCP activity against MCL cells. The produced ChAbMT99/3 might be a promising therapeutic candidate for MCL treatment.