bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATING MALE INFERTILITY: EDITING GENES IMPORTANT FOR SPERMATOGENESIS IN A CELL CULTURE SYSTEM
Authors: Norbeck Cassandra , Agrimson Kellie
Published: December 2022

The four levels of aging include the specific disease, the systemic complications that lead to the disease, the loss of cellular integrity that affects the system, and macromolecule malfunction that alters cellular integrity. Similarly, this project investigates infertility and testicular cancer, misregulation of the endocrine system, problems with germ and Sertoli cell maintenance, and ultimately gene expression changes that alter cellular proliferation and death. Infertility affects 4.5–6% of North American males and up to 15% of couples worldwide. Infertility may be caused by unknown genetic factors, as up to 2,300 genes are pertinent to male fertility. This research project aims to create the molecular toolbox needed to evaluate gene function in cultured male germ cells. We will use mouse primary spermatogonial stem cells and a human testicular cancer cell line to knock out the functions of genes Phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1) and Inhibitor of DNA Binding 4 (Id4) in the testis to determine the effect of the knockouts on male germ cell proliferation and cell death. We designed single guide RNAs (gRNAs) using online bioinformatic tools and amplified the genes from human and mouse genomic DNA to demonstrate the effectiveness of our gRNAs in vitro. These gRNAs and Cas9 compose the beginnings of the molecular toolbox used to electroporate cultured cells. This research will contribute to the greater scientific community by providing insight into the function of Spp1 and Id4 relating to male fertility and providing a methodology for future research in aging-related fertility diseases and testicular cancer.
P16-EXPRESSING SENESCENT CELLS ARE A DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD IN SHAPING IMMUNE RESPONSES WITH AGE
Authors: Torrance Blake , Panier Hunter , Cadar Andreia , Martin Dominique , Lorenzo Erica , Bartley Jenna , Haynes Laura
Published: December 2022

Aging results in the accumulation of senescent cells which can cause dysfunction in many contexts but the effects on immune responses remain unclear. Here, we aimed to probe the effects of clearing senescent cells in aged mice on the immune response to influenza infection. We utilized a powerful p16 trimodality reporter mouse model (p16-3MR): under the control of the p16 promoter, these mice express cassettes encoding luciferase, RFP, and herpesvirus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK). p16 is commonly upregulated in senescent cells so this model allows us to selectively delete those cells by treating with ganciclovir (GCV), which will induce apoptosis in cells expressing HSV-TK. We hypothesized that while p16-expressing senescent cells may exacerbate dysfunctional responses to a primary infection, they may play a protective role in resolving inflammation and fostering memory cell generation. We found that deletion of p16-expressing cells enhanced viral clearance and decreased infiltration of pro-inflammatory flu-specific CD8 T cells during the primary response to infection. Conversely, at 30 days post infection, there were fewer flu-specific CD8 memory T cells and lower amounts of anti-viral antibodies in the lungs of GCV treated mice. We also observed perturbations in memory T cell trafficking in GCV treated mice. Furthermore, GCV treated mice were unable to mount an effective memory response and were unable to control viral load following a heterosubtypic challenge. This suggests that targeting senescent cells may potentiate primary responses while limiting the ability to form durable and protective immune memory with age.
VIEWS OF OLDER ADULTS ON SUPPORT OPTIONS TO RELIEVE THEIR WORKING INFORMAL CAREGIVERS: A STORY COMPLETION STUDY
Authors: Vos Eline , de Bruin Simone , Pees Suzanne , van der Beek Allard , Proper Karin
Published: December 2022

Older care recipients living at home increasingly rely on support from informal caregivers, who often combine their caregiving tasks with a paid job. Because of this combination of tasks, working caregivers may become overloaded. Different caregiver support options are available, that also affect older care recipients’ lives, such as respite care, technology, or home care. The aim of this qualitative study was to obtain insight into the perceptions, concerns and preferences of older informal care recipients about the use of support to relieve their working informal caregivers. We performed a story completion writing task among 23 informal care recipients aged 65 years or older, using hypothetical situations to let participants reflect on different caregiver relief support options. The task was followed-up by a story-mediated interview. We used thematic analysis to inductively analyze story completions and interviews. We found that older adults were often willing to use support to relieve their caregivers, to ensure their wellbeing. However, they were also concerned about how the use of such support may conflict with their interests, preferences and values (e.g. respect for their autonomy, privacy, having a trusting relationship with caretakers, paying attention to human aspects in care). Older adults were most hesitant to use adult day care facilities and technological support options. While these areas of tension cannot always be completely resolved, it is important to jointly identify and discuss these, and work towards solutions to balance the respective interests, values and needs of older adults and caregivers.
THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT-INDUCED RELAXATION ON COGNITIVE FORAGING UNDER STRESS IN MIDLIFE AND BEYOND
Authors: Chin Jessie , Mejía Shannon , Desai Smit , Washington Faith-Christina , Ramesh Durga , Deshpande Falguni , Dash Sanjana
Published: December 2022

We defined enrichment seeking as the capacity for adults to engage in the novel and intellectually challenging activities for exploring diverse experience. Although enrichment seeking is associated with cognitive resilience in older adulthood, the tendency for older adults to adopt explorative behavior decreases with age in concert with decline in executive control. The goal of our study was to examine to what extent older adults can adjust their cognitive foraging performance under stress by inducing relaxation through the task environment. We used cognitive foraging games (including word search puzzle games) to understand how older adults optimize their search performance by the tradeoff between exploration (seeking new information) and exploitation (staying at old information). A modified Trier paradigm, where game performance was observed by a neurologist via video conferencing, induced stress; relaxation was manipulated by turning on an electric fireplace in the study room. The study followed a 2 (relaxation) X 2 (stress) within-subjects experimental design. Sixty-one adults (34 middle-age; 27 older adults; 54% women) played games on a tablet under stress / no stress conditions with and without the fireplace in a simulated smart home environment. The interaction effect of relaxation and stress on cognitive foraging performance was significant, indicating that with the relaxation elements in the environment (i.e., a fireplace), older adults are likely to have better cognitive foraging performance under stress. The association can be in part explained by individual differences in cognitive abilities and strategies. Implications on facilitating enrichment seeking through environmental factors are discussed.
SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT AND SUBJECTIVE COGNITIVE FUNCTION AMONG OLDER ADULTS: RURAL-URBAN DIFFERENCES
Authors: Thompson Alisha , Wilks Scott , Livermore Michelle
Published: December 2022

Increasing age significantly relates with a decline in subjective cognitive function, while age and cognitive function decline strongly links with a diagnosis under the umbrella of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Recent literature points to social engagement as a potential mitigator to cognitive function decline. Social engagement often differs by geography of residence, with typically higher engagement among those in urban areas compared to rural counterparts. The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to explore the relationship between social engagement and subjective cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults; and (b) to examine any disparity in social engagement apropos to rural vs. urban residency within this population. The theoretical framework, combining activity theory and cognitive reserve theory, guided the understanding of the relationship between social engagement and subjective cognitive function. A functionalist lens was included to explain rural-urban differences. Secondary data of community-dwelling older adults from AARP’s 2016 Social Engagement and Brain Health Survey (Nf746) were utilized. Results from descriptive analyses, correlations, and several regression models were reported. Bivariate regression models examined primary predictor variables – social engagement and geography of residence. Multivariate models examined sample characteristics, engagement, and geography of residence. Neither social engagement nor rural vs. urban residence achieved statistical significance in the models. Physical health, emotional wellbeing, marital status (identifying as married), and ethnicity (identifying as Black or African American) were positively, significantly associated with subjective cognitive function. Implications for community-dwelling older adults are discussed.
ADDRESSING SOCIAL ISOLATION IN NURSING HOMES DURING COVID-19: A NATIONAL SURVEY
Authors: Nielsen Natalia , Hargraves J Lee , Cosenza Carol , Lim Emily , Barooah Adrita , McPhillips Emily , Dube Catherine , Lapane Kate
Published: December 2022

COVID-19 related policies introduced extraordinary social disruption in nursing homes. In response to the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic, congregated long term care living facilities attempted and/or implemented innovative intervention strategies to alleviate loneliness in residents. We surveyed Directors of Nursing/Administrators of 1,669 homes sampled in strata defined by size (number of beds 30–99, 100+) and quality ratings (1, 2–4, 5) between February-May 2022. The response rate was 30%. Almost 2/3rds of respondents completed it online and the rest via paper. Analyses included nonresponse survey weights to provide nationally representative results. Among a list of 17 situations that occurred, staff shortages was identified as extremely stressful by the majority. Staff were extremely stressed about doing more to meet resident needs and keeping up with rapidly changing regulations which often lacked clinical sense. One third of respondents were extremely concerned about their home’s ability to meet residents’ social needs before vaccines, dropping to 13% after vaccines. Nursing homes tried and perceived as most useful using technology (tablets, phones, emails), assigning staff as a family contact, and staff spending more time with residents. Nearly 60% were extremely concerned about staff burnout/mental health before vaccines and 40% remained extremely concerned after vaccines. Many nursing homes attempted to mitigate the harmful effects of social isolation during the pandemic, despite the stressful circumstances in which staff worked. The extent to which various approaches were implemented varied. While concerns about social isolation reduced after vaccines were available, administrators remain extremely concerned about staff burnout and mental health.
WHEN THE LIGHTS WENT OUT AT ADULT DAY CENTERS: CAREGIVER WELL-BEING DURING THE COVID-19 LOCKDOWNS
Authors: Turner Rachael , Reese-Melancon Celinda , Harrington Erin , Andreo Micaela
Published: December 2022

Adult Day Centers (ADC) are community-based programs that provide services to adults with dementia or other disabilities. Unfortunately, many ADCs were closed during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, leaving caregivers without an important resource. The current study sought to identify novel challenges that caregivers experienced with the closure of ADCs. From May to July 2020, caregivers were recruited from ADCs across the United States and completed an online survey regarding ADC use, feelings of caregiver burden, perceived stress, and perceived change in these variables and others (i.e., time spent caregiving, caregiver and care recipient memory) resulting from the pandemic. Qualitative reports of additional pandemic-related caregiving experiences were also captured. The current work included 70 caregivers, most of whom were caring for a family member with dementia. Correlational analyses indicated that more frequent ADC use prior to the pandemic was associated with reporting an increase in the amount of time spent on caregiving tasks, an increase in caregiver burden, and increased feelings of stress since the onset of the pandemic. Prior use was not related to change in perceptions of caregiver forgetfulness or changes in care recipient memory behaviors. Prominent themes from caregivers’ qualitative reports included mental health concerns, apprehension regarding the virus itself, and the need for respite. These findings support theories of caregiver stress (Pearlin et al., 1990) and provide insight into how caregivers were impacted by the loss of a key resource to support their caregiving.
THE RISK OF COVID-19-RELATED MYOCARDITIS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH A HISTORY OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Crawford Andrew , Zadeh Ali Vaeli , Redondo Andres , Bravo-Ramirez Karen , De Ana , Diaz Diego , Carrero Ricardo Criado , Collado Elias , Larned Joshua
Published: December 2022

Background

Data suggest an increased incidence of myocarditis (MC) associated with the COVID-19 virus. However, the risk factors for COVID-19-related MC remains poorly understood and debated. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the correlation of a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) with MC in older adults admitted for COVID-19.

Methods

Data were obtained from the PearlDiver database (PearlDiver Technologies, Fort Wayne, IN). The study included patients aged 65–75, hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of COVID-19, and Elixhauser Comorbidity index(ECI) >4. History of CAD upon admission was used to split the cohort into two propensity score-matched groups considering age, gender, other cardiovascular diseases, and ECI. Records from both groups were reviewed to identify patients diagnosed with MC during and up to one month after admission. Pearson’s chi-squared test was used to compare groups. The strength of association was reported using Risk Ratios (RR). A p-value < 0.05 was deemed significant.

Results

182,556 patients with and 218,729 without a history of CAD admitted for COVID-19 were identified. Patients with a history of CAD were more likely to be male(54.7% vs. 42% p < 0.0001), older(mean age 70.62 vs. 70.30, p < 0.001), and had more comorbidities(ECI=11 vs. 8, p < 0.0001). After propensity score matching, 0.13% of patients with CAD and 0.12% without CAD developed MC within one month of admission(RR= 1.05, CI95%=0.87–1.26, p=0.61).

Conclusion

One month following admission for COVID-19, the risk of MC was not significantly higher in older persons with a history of CAD.
PANDEMIC RECOVERY IN NURSING HOMES: IMPACT OF A 5-WEEK CURRICULUM ON RESILIENCE AND GROWTH IN DIRECT CARE WORKERS
Authors: Wehry Susan , Patel Prakash
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted people working and living in nursing homes. A virtual five-week curriculum was developed to support recovery and foster growth in direct care workers (DCWs). We hypothesized DCWs would be interested, acquire knowledge and self-care skills, and utilize a post traumatic growth (PTG) self-assessment tool for reflection. The 5 week voluntary program was offered twice. Sessions consisted of a didactic presentation, Q&A, skill practice and action commitment. Each 30 minute session was offered twice weekly, a.m. and p.m., to accommodate shift schedules. Polls were conducted within sessions. Participants who attended all sessions received a certificate of attendance and completed a 4 question, 5-point Likert scale survey and the PTG tool. 53 DCWs participated in at least one session; 30 completed the program and ranked weeks 2 (95%), 3 (65%), and 4 (60%) as most useful. Most used skills were breathing (95%), gratitude practice (91%), catch-check-change (61%), self-massage (61%), and reducing exposure to toxic news (61%). DCWs endorsed self-improvement (96%), curiosity (91%), and “having a hard time” (61%) as most common reasons for enrolling. 100% reported the course completely or almost completely met their goals. In-session polling indicated attendees “felt better or more confident” at the conclusion of each session. 100% successfully utilized the PTG tool. The curriculum was responsive to DCWs needs and interests. DCWs acquired and utilized resilience skills. Some components of the curriculum were more effective than others. Shorter staff training sessions are more attractive to staff and employers. Further study is warranted.
HALF OF OLDER ADULTS HOSPITALIZED WITH COVID-19 EXPERIENCE SYMPTOMS ONE YEAR LATER
Authors: Leis Aleda , Fine Sydney , McSpadden E J , Karvonen-Gutierriez Carrie , Nichols Emily , Lamerato Lois , Malani Anurag N , Martin Emily
Published: December 2022

Older adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19 are at higher risk of experiencing serious in-hospital outcomes and long-term health consequences following discharge. Declines in health and functional ability post-hospitalization are important infection-related outcomes. This study’s aim was to examine functional recovery one year following COVID-19 hospitalization. Twenty-one adults ≥60 years of age hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 infection between 3/2020–5/2020 in Southeast Michigan completed a survey 9–15 months post-discharge including items from the Fried Frailty score, Short Form 36 Physical Assessment, PROMIS Dyspnea Scale, and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule. Mean age at hospital admission was 69 (standard deviation 7). Half of participants (52%) indicated they had too little energy to do the things they wanted to do, 52% (n=11) indicated moderate to severe shortness of breath when walking up two flights of stairs, and 43% (n=9) indicated they were limited a lot in walking several blocks. Additionally, 57% (n=12) indicated they were severely or extremely emotionally affected by their health due to their COVID-19 infection. Results were similar in only those ≥70 years (n=7). Our survey indicates that half of patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 from the first infection wave in Southeast Michigan are significantly affected up to a year or more after their initial infection, and may benefit from long-term outpatient care. More research is needed to inform development of effective treatments for the long-term emotional and physical impacts of severe COVID-19.
EDITORS INSIGHTS ON PUBLISHING OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE GLOBAL GERONTOLOGICAL COMMUNITY
Authors: Miller Edward , Simpson Elizabeth
Published: December 2022

Global aging has proceeded at an unprecedented and accelerating rate. The aging of the population creates both opportunities and challenges for older adults, their families, and society in general. Importantly, there is substantial variation in the effects of and response to global aging both within and across nations depending, in part, on prevailing cultural expectations and values, political and economic imperatives, and social and demographic characteristics. Thus, while some regions and countries have responded with innovative policies and programs to better enable the growing cohort of older adults to remain active and engaged in the community, other regions and countries have struggled with their response or barely begun to plan for the rising population of older adults. This symposium assembles editors at five leading gerontology journals to demonstrate the role that peer-reviewed scholarship can play in disseminating knowledge that informs gerontological research, policy, and practice internationally. Editors include: Edward Alan Miller, PhD, FGSA, Journal of Aging & Social Policy; Jeffrey Burr, PhD, FGSA, Research on Aging; Julie Robison, PhD, FGSA,, Journal of Applied Gerontology; Sandra Torres, PhD, FGSA, Ageing & Society; and Julie Hicks Patrick, PhD, FGSA, International Journal of Aging & Human Development. Each presenter will review the scope, content, and focus of their journals and the role and opportunities for international scholarship.
NAVIGATING DEMENTIA DURING COVID-19: THE EXPERIENCES OF GAY AND LESBIAN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Girling Laura , Splaine Mike
Published: December 2022

By 2030, it is estimated that 30 million individuals worldwide will have Alzheimer’s disease or related-dementias (hereafter dementia). Described as a “modern epidemic of later life,” dementia research has begun to reflect the diversity of our aging society with greater attention to minority populations. Nonetheless, some marginalized dementia-affected populations remain understudied. Estimates suggest more than 1 million lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender older adults will have dementia by 2030. Despite sizeable predictions, dementia-affected gay and lesbian populations remain critically understudied particularly in relation to COVID-19. To date, there is scarce literature focusing on how community-dwelling gay and lesbian adults with dementia navigate the management of their condition during the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to identify how community-dwelling gay and lesbian adults manage their dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic, data were combined from two interview-based studies. Content analysis was conducted on the interview narrative of the subset of individuals with dementia identifying as gay or lesbian and their study partner(n=18). Thematic findings include: 1.triple marginalization (age, sexual orientation, cognitive status), 2.social isolation, 3.programming effects (e.g., adult day programming, ADRD support groups), 4.informal and formal care interruptions, and 5.symptom acceleration. While all members of the public have experienced difficulties since the onset of COVID-19, health threats vary depending on social circumstances and vulnerabilities. Analyses indicate community-dwelling gay and lesbians with dementia are uniquely impacted by COVID-19 and face unique challenges. Attunement to such issues are of special interest to community-level policy makers, health providers, and older LGBTQ adults themselves, requiring further attention.
EFFECT OF ASPIRIN IN COVID-19 OUTCOMES OF OLDER ADULTS WITH A HISTORY OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Zadeh Ali Vaeli , Carrero Ricardo Criado , Wong Alan , Mandile Noah , Stukova Marina , Lopez German , Collado Elias , Larned Joshua
Published: December 2022

Background

Advanced age and coronary artery disease (CAD) have been associated with a dismal prognosis in patients infected with COVID-19, most likely due to the virus’s thrombogenic effects. Older adults with a history of CAD have routinely used low-dose Aspirin (LDA) as prevention due to their increased risk of cerebro-cardiovascular events. However, it is unclear if this population would benefit from LDA when infected with COVID-19.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted using the PearlDiver database (PearlDiver Technologies, Fort Wayne, IN). Using ICD codes, patients aged 65–75 and Elixhauser Comorbidity Score(ECI)>4 with a history of CAD admitted for COVID-19 were identified. The use of LDA for 1 month before the index event was used to split the cohort into two matched groups by age, gender, ECI, and other cardiovascular diseases. Records of groups were reviewed for multiple outcomes 30 days after admission. Pearson’s chi-squared test was used to compare groups. The strength of association was reported as Risk Ratios (RR).

Results

4,017 patients with no difference in the mean age, gender, and ECI were included in each group. No differences present in 30-days all-cause readmission(RR=1.04, CI95% =0.92–1.17, p=0.49), mortality(RR=0.63, CI95%=0.30–1.29, p=0.28), ICU admission(RR=1.01, CI95%=0.89–1.15, p=0.79), gastrointestinal bleeding(RR=1.09, CI95% = 0.85–1.40, p=0.51), and intracranial hemorrhage(RR=0.69, CI95%=0.26–1.83, p=0.62) between groups.

Conclusion

LDA didn’t improve the evaluated outcomes in older persons 30 days after admission. A plausible explanation is that COVID-19’s thrombogenic mechanism is likely atypical.
RE-AIM EVALUATION OF A VIRTUAL “AGING WITH PAIN” INTEGRATIVE HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAM DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Brailsford Jennifer , Sheikh Sophia , Beneciuk Jason , Patel Monika , Johnson Brittany , Li Robin Moorman , Hendry Phyllis , Spindle Natalie
Published: December 2022

Literature suggests integrative pain management strategies reduce chronic pain and opioid use. However, many older adults are unaware of these options. The Aging and Integrative Pain Assessment and Management Initiative (AI-PAMI) launched in 2020, providing webinars and recorded presentations on integrative pain management for adults > age 50, caregivers and healthcare providers. The RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework was used to evaluate AI-PAMI via the following measures: participant demographics, survey results, program elements and qualitative findings. Reach: There have been > 20,000 views of recorded content and 48% (885/1,859) of registrants attended a live webinar. Effectiveness: Survey results demonstrate 75% of providers and 73% of older adults/caregivers reported new knowledge gain; and 80% of providers and 60% of older adults/caregivers reported changing their pain management practice/routine. Adoption: Presentations were delivered by 33 multidisciplinary experts from 12 different institutions. Six regional stakeholders promoted AI-PAMI using their dissemination networks. Implementation: The COVID-19 pandemic changed program delivery from an in-person model to virtual. To date, AI-PAMI has delivered 17 live webinars and 25 recorded presentations. Live webinars are delivered with a didactic, Q&A discussion and follow-up email. To refine AI-PAMI, 11 healthcare providers and 16 older adults participated in focus groups or in-depth interviews. Maintenance: AI-PAMI is in its third year and will be maintained under a long-standing institution-wide program. Website content will be sustained and remain free access. AI-PAMI is a valuable educational resource for older adults, caregivers, and healthcare providers. Virtual delivery is accommodating for a post-COVID environment.
INTERVENTIONS FOR FAMILY CAREGIVERS RECEIVING PALLIATIVE/HOSPICE CARE AT HOME: A SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: Park Taeyoung , Alshakhs Sulaiman , Sweet Elisabeth , McDarby Meghan , Czaja Sara , Reid Cary , Adelman Ronald , Phongtankuel Veerawat
Published: December 2022

With the growth of palliative and hospice care, patients with a terminal illness and their family caregivers have opportunities to pursue care focusing on alleviation of symptoms and optimizing quality of life in the home setting. However, caregivers are often overburdened with caregiving responsibilities leading to poor physical and mental health. Given the importance of family caregivers for patients who elect to receive hospice/palliative care at home along with the negative outcomes associated with caregiving, conducting a review of caregiver interventions is critical to understand what has been studied and identify gaps in the field. A scoping review was conducted to describe interventions focused on family caregivers providing care to terminally ill patients who receive palliative/hospice care in the home setting. Variables collected included intervention delivery details, study population, participant demographics, and measured outcomes. Our search yielded 14,527 articles, of which 70 articles on 54 unique interventions were included in the final analysis. Over three-quarters (77.8%) of the interventions were conducted in North America and Europe. Interventions commonly aimed to reduce the physical burden of caregiving (53.7%), educate the caregiver (53.7%), and improve psychological well-being (48.1%). The majority (58.6%) of the articles evaluated interventions for feasibility outcomes. The lack of studies in non-Western countries points to a cultural disparity in this field. Secondly, despite the variety of interventions, religious and spiritual needs in palliative care need to be further addressed. As palliative and hospice care is an emerging area of research, most studies are still implementing interventions and assessing feasibility.
IMPACT OF HOME AMBIENT TEMPERATURE ON SELF-REPORTED MOOD AND ATTENTION IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Baniassadi Amir , Yu Wanting , Day Ryan , Wong Angel , Travison Thomas , Lipsitz Lewis , Manor Brad
Published: December 2022

Background

Many older adults experience variations in daily mood and/or attention. Lab-based studies show that, among other variables, ambient temperature can influence both. The objective of this study was to determine if and how habitual home temperature influences self-reported mood and attention in this population.

Methods

Ambient temperature and humidity data were collected from the homes of 41 community-dwelling older adults (age=78±7, 35 females) living in Boston from June 1st to Aug 15th. Participants received two time-stamped smartphone-based questionnaires each day to report their mood and attention.

Results

On average, participants completed 86(±29) questionnaires. Those with most variations in subjective outcomes (top quartile of % of time reporting “feeling down/depressed” or “difficult keeping attention”), compared to the rest of the sample, tended to reside in homes with both higher mean ambient temperature (p=0.01) and greater deviation in temperature over time (p=0.10). Logistic regression analysis combining data from all participants revealed that ambient temperature at the time of response did not predict either self-reported outcome. However, within-subject analyses indicated that of the 17 participants who reported at least some variation in attention or mood, the likelihood of experiencing poor mood and/or attention was correlated with time-synced ambient temperature in six individuals. Gender, age, or housing type (affordable vs. private) did not predict the presence of such associations.

Conclusion

Variations in self-reported mood and attention are at least partially explained by the home thermal environment in a non-trivial fraction of older adults.
AGE, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION IN THE STUDY OF MUSCLE MOBILITY AND AGING (SOMMA)
Authors: Newman Anne , Blackwell Terri , Coen Paul , Qiao Yujia , Toledo Frederico , Zamora Ezequiel , Glynn Nancy
Published: December 2022

We studied whether lower physical activity (PA) in older adults may partly explain the age-related decline in muscle mitochondrial function in the SOMMA cohort of 879 men and women, aged 70+. PA was measured both subjectively (CHAMPS questionnaire) and objectively (wrist-worn ActiGraph Link) classifying PA levels as sedentary, light, or moderate to vigorous (MVPA, ≥3 METS). Muscle mitochondrial function was assessed ex vivo via respirometry in permeabilized fiber bundles and as in vivo by 31Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) of the maximal rate of muscle ATP regeneration (ATPMAX in the quadriceps after contraction. Of 809 with respirometry or 31P-MRS, mean age was 76.4, 58.3% were women, 12.7% Black, 85.2% White and 2.1% other race/ethnicity. Mean OXPHOS and ATPMAX values were 1.91 pmol/(s*mg) and 0.016 mM/sec lower per 5-year age increment. Men self-reported more MVPA than women, but women recorded more MVPA with actigraphy. For both self-reported and recorded activity, associations with maximal tissue oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) as well as ATPMAX were stronger for MVPA than for sedentary or light activity. After adjustment for age, sex, and clinic site, OXPHOS was lower for each standard deviation) fewer minutes/week of MVPA [reported, SD=408 min/wk: -3.66 pmol/(s*mg) (95% CI -4.93, -2.39); recorded, SD=600 min/wk: -1.93 pmol/(s*mg) (95% CI -3.31, -0.55)]. Similar associations were noted for ATPMAX. MVPA attenuated the association of age with mitochondrial function by 31–50% for both OXPHOS and ATPMAX, suggesting that MVPA could offset the lower mitochondrial function with age or that lower mitochondrial function impedes MVPA at older ages.
CT-DERIVED PARAVERTEBRAL MUSCLE RADIOMIC FEATURES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH MORTALITY IN THE MROS STUDY
Authors: Lenchik Leon , Webber Katey , Orwoll Eric , Cauley Jane A , Cawthon Peggy , Ensrud Kristine
Published: December 2022

The purpose was to determine if CT-derived radiomic features (biomarkers of muscle heterogeneity) are associated with all-cause mortality (independent of muscle size and density) in 2644 men (mean age 74.0) in the MrOS Study. Our fully-automated machine learning algorithm determined paraspinous muscle area and density. We also identified 75 radiomic features of muscle texture at the level of T12 vertebra. We used factor analysis to reduce the number of radiomic features into latent variables that explain the underlying data. Association of these factors, muscle cross-sectional area, and muscle density with all-cause mortality was determined using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for CT-derived muscle area and density CT parameters (scanner model, slice thickness, tube current), participant age, height, total body fat, grip strength, walking speed, leg power, diabetes status, physical activity, self-reported health, and number of medications. Multiple comparisons were accounted for using false discovery rate testing. After a mean 13.3 ± 5.9 years of follow-up, 1945 (73.6%) men died. Muscle area and density and all 6 radiomic factors identified were significantly different in survivors compared with deceased. In fully adjusted models, 54 of 75 (72%) individual radiomic features were significantly associated with mortality. In fully adjusted models, low muscle density (HR/SD increment = 0.85; CI = 0.75,0.99), radiomic Factor 1 (HR/SD increment = 0.76; CI = 0.62,0.95), radiomic Factor 2 (HR/SD increment = 1.47, CI =1.23, 1.76) but not muscle area (HR/SD increment: 1.18, CI = 0.94, 1.48) or the other radiomic factors identified, were independently associated with mortality.
INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS OF RUSSIAN SPEAKERS IN ISRAEL IN THE SHADOW OF PROPAGANDA: FACEBOOK POSTS ANALYSIS
Authors: Shulyaev Ksenya , Band-Winterstein Tova
Published: December 2022

Part of the elderly Russian-speaking community in Israel is exposed to the TV channels of the Russian government. These channels are impacted by Russian propaganda and, as such, use false claims and manipulative techniques. The aim of this presentation is to shed light on the impact of Russian media on intergenerational relationships of Russian-speaker families in Israel. We conducted a preliminary qualitative study based on a thematic analysis of Facebook posts (Nf34) from March to June 2022. Analysis revealed four key themes: (1) “Tragedy of many families”, the importance of unity of opinion and the problem of difference, a key element in the emotional well-being (or its lack) of Russian-speaking families at the moment; (2) “It’s useless to explain something”, the perception of older parents who support Putin as victims of “brainwashing”, with comments on “zombies”, totalitarian sects, and psychotropic drugs; (3) “The truth will destroy them”, the perception of disbelief in war as a defensive reaction necessary for the elderly, because the reality may destroy them; (4) “A topic that is not talked about”, a refusal to discuss Ukraine seen as the only way to save the relationship, speaking instead about health issues, daily life issues, and the weather. The findings underline that the Russian-Ukrainian war conflict impacts intergenerational solidarity and closeness, and calls for an intervention that provides support for both the elderly and their adult children.
GRANDPARENT-PARENT RELATIONSHIP, CAREGIVING MEANING AND FAMILY WELLBEING: AN APIM STUDY OF 200 DYADS
Authors: Liao Xu
Published: December 2022

While many older persons contribute to their families by providing care to their grandchildren (GC), the role transition could bring challenges to both grandparents (GP) and parents (P) especially for those who evenly share caregiving duties. Despite growing research on grandparenthood, a knowledge gap remains in the study of GP-P partnership; it is essential to examine GP and P as a unit and learn how the dyadic relationship influences their family. The purpose of this study is to gain a further understanding of GP-P relationship, meaning of caregiving, and family well-being (FWB). Data from 200 GP-P dyads in China were collected by a questionnaire survey. The study participants were chosen from families with one GC aged 0–8 who is cared for by GP and P together, and identified by the GC’s teachers. The actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) was adopted in data analysis. Results showed that for co-(grand)parenting relationship and FWB, the actor effect was statistically significant for both GP and P; so was the partner effect from P to GP. Likewise, for meaning of caregiving and FWB, the actor effect was statistically significant for both GP and P; so was the partner effect from GP to P. The results advance knowledge about GP-P partnership and how feelings and actions could impact the overall family well-being. The findings can also guide the development of practices and services that enhance the function of GP-P collaboration and their family well-being.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTACHMENT, RELATIONSHIP QUALITY, AND DAILY STRESS AMONG DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS
Authors: Wuestefeld Paulina , Goodwin Paige , Intrieri Robert
Published: December 2022

The current study assesses the relationship between attachment style, relationship quality, and daily stress among family caregivers of persons with dementia. The study incorporates a longitudinal burst design. In an initial meeting with the investigator, participants completed measures of attachment style (Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire Revised), past and current relationship quality (RQ), emotion regulation (Emotion Regulation Questionnaire), and caregiver burden (Zarit Burden Interview). For the next 14 days, participants were sent a link to a brief survey that included the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule and the Perceived Stress Scale. They were also asked to estimate what proportion of their daily stress did they attribute to caregiving. There are significant positive correlations between caregiver burden and current negative RQ, r = 0.70, p = .008, as well as between attachment anxiety and current negative RQ, r = 0.60, p = .029. According to regression analyses, attachment anxiety predicts negative current RQ, R2 = .37, F(1, 11) = 6.32, p = .029. Current negative RQ predicts caregiver burden, R2 = .49, F(1, 11) = 10.55, p = .008. Additional analyses will explore the link between attachment style, emotion regulation, burden, relationship quality, and longitudinal assessments of daily stress and affect. Though preliminary, study results suggest that beyond caregiver burden, daily stress and well-being of caregivers is impacted by the relationship between attachment, relationship quality, and emotion regulation.
INCREASING MEDICATION SAFETY AWARENESS IN RURAL OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Haughtigan Kara , Jones Susan , Main Eve , Groves Elizabeth , Joyce Melinda
Published: December 2022

Compared to urban populations, rural residents have a higher incidence of chronic diseases and poorer health outcomes. Most medications in the United States are consumed by older adults who are more susceptible to adverse drug events due to the presence of multiple chronic conditions and physiologic changes in the body. This community-based project evaluated the impact of an interdisciplinary medication education intervention on medication knowledge and adherence to medications and refills. The study was a quasi-experimental pretest/posttest design with a convenience sample. The project was marketed via a multi-media approach. Most participants reported learning of the event at a senior center. Each participant received a private educational session for their specific medications with a nurse practitioner, pharmacist, or pharmacy resident. Forty-nine older adults participated in the study with 48 (97.9%) completing both the pretest and posttest. The average age of participants was 71.4 years and the average number of medications per participant was 5.4. There was a statistically significant difference in the adherence to medication and refills subscale score (p = .003). There was no statistically significant difference in the medication knowledge subscale (p = .192), however, the scores did trend upward indicating an increase in medication knowledge. Forty-four (89.8%) participants reported they were more comfortable understanding their medication since participating in the program and 48 (98%) reported they would recommend the program to others. The results of this study suggest community-based outreach medication educational programs can increase adherence to medication and refills for older adults residing in rural areas.
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ATTITUDES TOWARD DEMENTIA, QUALITY OF LIFE, AND MIDLIFE WOMEN’S SYMPTOMS IN FAMILY CAREGIVERS
Authors: Kim Heejung , Kim Seo Yun , Yau Roger , Brewster Glenna , Chee Wonshik , Im Eun Ok
Published: December 2022

Attitudes towards dementia and caregiving differ by family caregivers’ racial/ethnic backgrounds. However, there is a gap in the literature on midlife women family caregivers’ attitudes toward Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and family caregiving. The study purposes were to (1) explore racial/ethnic variations in midlife women family caregivers’ attitudes toward AD and family caregiving and (2) examine the relationships among their attitudes towards dementia and caregiving, quality of life, and physical and psychological symptoms. This cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey among 36 Whites, 41 African Americans, 40 Hispanics, and 55 Asians. The structured measures consisted of two types of attitudes (Attitude toward AD and Related Dementias Scale and Questions on Attitudes toward AD Caregiving), health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L), and multidimensional symptoms (Midlife Women’s Symptom Index). The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression analyses with SPSS 26. Asian caregivers perceived the care recipients’ symptoms as more bothersome than White caregivers (p = .039). Asian caregivers reported lower levels of behavioral skills and shared responsibility compared with other racial/ethnic groups of caregivers (p < .01). African Americans showed more positive attitudes toward family caregiving compared with Hispanics and Asians (p = .001). The regression analyses indicated that more positive attitudes toward family caregiving were significantly related to a better quality of life and fewer symptoms (both physical and psychological symptoms; p < .05). Culturally tailored interventions that incorporate caregivers’ attitudes are needed to improve midlife women family caregivers’ quality of life and symptoms.
PRELIMINARY FINDINGS OF A STUDY ON LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN EXPRESSED EMOTION IN FAMILY CAREGIVERS WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Liu Xiaoji , Kanaya Reiko , Shigenobu Kazue , Takiue Keigo , Yamakawa Miyae
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study was to explore and describe changes in expressed emotion (EE) among family caregivers of dementia and its associated factors at different time points over 3 months. Method: A longitudinal observation study using a 3-month survey was conducted in home care settings, Japan. We collected data on the demographic details of family caregivers currently providing care, which included care burden (Zarit Burden Inventory, ZBI), closeness of the caregiving relationship (Relationship Closeness Scale, RCS), depression (Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS). We used the validated Family Attitude Scale (FAS) to assess EE, in which higher scores indicate a greater intensity of emotional expression.

Results

To date, 45 family caregivers completed the present study. FAS scores were 39.67 ± 24.90 at month 1 (T1), 38.64 ± 23.28 at month 2 (T2), and 39.69 ± 24.52 at month 3 (T3). The change in FAS scores did not show a statistical difference over the three-month period (p=0.816). Multiple regression analysis of FAS at T1 showed that the main influencing factors were gender, marriage, RCS, care burden, and depression (R2=0.763, p < 0.001); the main influencing factors at T2 were marriage and care burden (R2=0.584, p < 0.001); the main influencing factors at T3 were care burden and depression (R2=0.674, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Early identification of risk factors may help in the development of interventions to prevent high levels of EE in family caregivers. We plan to continue refining our analyses to test the validity of our hypothesis.
HEALTHY CAREGIVER SELECTION AMONG DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT
Authors: Jiang Hantao , Wang Xueqing
Published: December 2022

As of 2019, more than 4 million older adults aged 65+ in the United States are cognitively impaired, including the diagnoses of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Caregivers to these older adults bear significant burden, reflected as high prevalence of chronic stress and mental health problems among the caregiver population. It is thus crucial to understand the wellbeing of the caregiver population to design effective policies. Previous studies have documented survival advantage of dementia caregivers compared to non-caregiving individuals as well as other types of caregivers, namely caregivers to persons with MCI or other types of chronic conditions. However, it remains less clear how the role of social support explains dementia caregiver’s survival advantage. In this paper, we directly compare the level and type of social support between different types of caregivers, and examine to what extent the difference in social support explains the survival and health advantage of dementia caregivers compared to caregivers to persons with MCI, non-cognitive impairment chronic conditions and non-caregiving individuals. We use the 12 waves of the Health and Retirement Study and apply multivariate and survival analysis to calculate difference in age-specific hazard ratios. Our preliminary results show that dementia caregivers tend to secure stronger support from family members than caregivers to persons with MCI. Our results have potential to shed light on the empirical puzzle of healthy caregiver selection effect and have direct implications for designing effective intervention to improve health of the caregiver population.