bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancements and Challenges of Vacuum‐Processed Organic Photodiodes: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: So Chan , Pyo Won Jun , Chung Dae Sung
Published: September 2024

Organic photodiodes (OPDs) have made remarkable strides and now poised to surpass traditional silicon photodiodes (PDs) in various aspects including linear dynamic range (LDR), detectivity, wavelength selectivity, and versatility.[1] Tunable mechanical and optoelectronic properties of organic semiconductors, coupled with lower process costs, have propelled OPDs into the spotlight across fields such as wearable light fidelity systems, flexible image sensors, and biomedical imaging.[2–5] While most advanced organic imaging systems to date rely on polymer‐based solution processes, challenges such as the use of toxic organic solvents and reproducibility issues hinder their commercialization.[6,7] Vacuum‐processed OPDs offer a promising alternative, boasting eco‐friendliness and compatibility with large‐scale fabrication facilities.[8,9] In this review, recent advancements and challenges in vacuum‐processed OPDs, an area that has received less attention compared to solution‐processed counterparts, are explored. Herein, four primary pathways for development of vacuum‐processed OPDs are outlined: 1) ultraviolet‐selective OPDs, 2) visible‐light‐selective OPDs, 3) near‐infrared or short‐wave‐infrared‐sensitive OPDs, and 4) addressing challenges such as higher noise currents compared to inorganic PDs. In this review, it is aimed to furnish readers with a comprehensive understanding of vacuum‐processed OPDs, spanning from materials design to device engineering.
Roles of Cocatalysts in Biomass Photo(electro)refining
Authors: Li Zheng , Li Wenping , Wang Jiu , Jing Liquan , Li Pandeng , Zhang Hongguang , Fan Yingying , Wang Hui , Chen Zhangxin , Hu Jinguang
Published: September 2024

Photosynthesis converts solar energy, carbon dioxide, and water into biomass, offering a renewable energy and chemical source. Biomass photo(electro)refining (BPeR) emerges as a sustainable alternative to petrochemicals for fuel and chemical production. However, BPeR faces challenges due to photocatalyst limitations, necessitating the integration of cocatalysts. Cocatalysts significantly impact the efficiency, selectivity, and durability of BPeR reactions, yet their roles require systematic elucidation and understanding. This review explores how cocatalysts impact the carbon bond functionalization, cleavage, and formation in biomass and its derivatives. It discusses their crucial roles in charge carrier generation, separation, and transportation, particularly in catalyzing surface reactions such as hydrogen‐involved reactions, generation, and manipulation of oxygen or carbon radicals, and the C─C/O/H bond transformations. Additionally, it outlines challenges and prospects for developing cocatalysts to enhance BPeR efficiency and durability, boosting the viability of biomass as a sustainable source of energy and materials.
Long‐term comparison of targeted soil test values and crop removal as a phosphorus fertilization strategy in corn
Authors: Patel Swetabh , Shapiro Charles , Iqbal Javed
Published: September 2024

Finding effective phosphorus (P) recommendation strategies to optimize corn (Zea mays L.) yield under varying yield levels and environmental conditions is continuously sought after. A 16‐year study was conducted in Concord, NE, on Nora silt loam soil initially measuring 16 ± 3 mg kg−1 Bray‐1 P. The study evaluated the impact of different P fertilization strategies on corn yield across various growing conditions (dry, normal, and wet years). Treatments included no P or N (NPNN), no P (NP), P applied at crop removal phosphorus (CRP), and maintaining soil P at 15 (B15), 30 (B30), and 45 (B45) mg kg−1 Bray‐1 P, with similar nitrogen (N) rates except for NPNN. Results showed a 25% and 33% reduction in soil test phosphorus (STP) for NPNN and NP treatments, respectively. The total P required by B30 and B45 treatments was 1.8 times more than that for CRP and B15. Although B30 and B45 treatments increased corn grain P concentration by 6%–12% compared to B15 and CRP, they did not increase yields in normal and dry years. The NP led to yield reductions of 9% and 12% in normal and wet years, respectively. In contrast, CRP achieved an 8% higher yield than B15 during wet years. Economic analysis revealed that B45 yielded a 56% higher net return in normal years, while CRP offered the highest return on investment (ROI) at 4.9. This study highlights the complexity of managing soil P under varying environmental conditions, emphasizing that while maintaining higher STP levels (B30 and B45) can enhance grain P concentration, it does not significantly boost yield and ROI compared to CRP and B15.
Metallo‐Supramolecular Helicates as Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Substrates with High Tailorability
Authors: Song Bo , Zhang Zhonghui , Dou Weitao , Zhao Xiaoli , Niu Yanfei , Wang Chen , Li Chunchun , Nitschke Jonathan R. , Tian Yang , Yang Hai‐Bo , Xu Lin
Published: September 2024

The exploration of novel functionalized supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) can enable new applications in domains that include purification and sensing. In this study, employing a coordination‐driven self‐assembly strategy, we designed and prepared a series of benzochalcogenodiazole‐based metallohelicates as high‐efficiency charge‐transfer surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates, expanding the range of applications for these metallohelicates. Through structural modifications, including the substitution of single heteroatoms on ligands, replacement of coordinating metals, and alteration of ligand framework linkages, the Raman performance of these metallohelicates as substrates were systematically optimized. Notably, the SERS enhancement factors (EFs) of the metallohelicate‐based SERS substrates were significantly enhanced to levels as high as 1.03×107, which rivals the EFs of noble metals devoid of “hot spots”. Additionally, the underlying Raman enhancement mechanisms of these metallohelicates have been investigated through a combination of control experiments and theoretical calculations. This study not only demonstrates the utility of metallohelicates as SERS substrates but also offers insights and materials for the development of high‐efficiency new charge‐transfer SERS substrates.
A Supramolecular Deep Eutectic Electrolyte Enhancing Interfacial Stability and Solution Phase Discharge in Li−O2 Batteries
Authors: Sun Wen , Zhang Fengling , Lai Jingning , Li Bohua , Hu Xin , Gui Boshun , Chen Nuo , Guo Xingming , Li Zhujie , Chen Nan , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie
Published: September 2024

Li−O2 batteries (LOBs) have gained widespread recognition for their exceptional energy densities. However, a major challenge faced by LOBs is the lack of appropriate electrolytes that can effectively balance reactant transport, interfacial compatibility, and non‐volatility. To address this issue, a novel supramolecular deep eutectic electrolyte (DEE) has been developed, based on synergistic interaction between Li‐bonds and H‐bonds through a combination of lithium salt (LiTFSI), acetamide (Ace) and boric acid (BA). The incorporation of BA serves as an interface modification additive, acting as both Li‐bonds acceptor and H‐bonds donor/acceptor, thereby enhancing the redox stability of the electrolyte, facilitating a solution phase discharge process and improving compatibility with the Li anode. Our proposed DEE demonstrates a high oxidation voltage of 4.5 V, an ultrahigh discharge capacity of 15225 mAh g−1 and stable cycling performance of 196 cycles in LOBs. Additionally, the intrinsic non‐flammability and successful operation of a Li−O2 pouch cell indicate promising practical applications of this electrolyte. This research broadens the design possibilities for LOBs electrolytes and provides theoretical insights for future studies.
Effect of calcium silicate on foaming and anti‐shrinkage behavior of thermoplastic polyamide elastomers: Revelation of the open‐cell mechanism
Authors: Ma Yufei , Zhai Yujiao , Zhao Yuyin , Xin Chunling , He Yadong
Published: September 2024

Thermoplastic polyamide elastomer (TPAE)/calcium silicate (CaSiO3) open‐cell foam with low shrinkage and high expansion ratio was prepared by using supercritical CO2 as a blowing agent. Adding CaSiO3 led to increased melt viscoelasticity and reduced crystallinity of TPAE. The primary mechanism of CaSiO3 promoting TPAE foam to form the open‐cell structure was discussed. The interaction between CaSiO3 and TPAE is fragile, making CaSiO3 easy to fall off the cell wall and form the open‐cell structure during foaming process. The increasing CaSiO3 content leads to increased cell density and thinned cell walls, thus increasing the tensile stress on cell wall. On the other hand, the agglomeration of CaSiO3 increases particle size, making it easier to fall off from the adhesion of TPAE matrix. The two aspects work together to improve the open‐cell content of TPAE foam up to 93.28%. The open‐cell structure is conducive to increasing the gas exchange rate and significantly decreasing foam shrinkage ratio. Finally, TPAE foam with a shrinkage ratio of only 2.68% and an expansion ratio of 18.77 times was obtained. In addition, open‐cell structure improves the adsorption performance of TPAE/CaSiO3 foam by 500%.
Synthesis and characterization of linear hybrid aliphatic/aromatic copolyurea via one‐step feeding method
Authors: Gao Zhangcheng , Feng Lianfang , Gu Xueping , Duan Jintang , Jiang Mingzhe , Zhang Cailiang
Published: September 2024

The combination of aromatic and aliphatic structures can endow polyurea with distinct performance advantages. A one‐step feeding method is used to synthesize linear hybrid aliphatic/aromatic copolyureas by varying the ratio of m‐phenylenediamine (MPD) and polyoxypropylenediamine (D2000) reacting with 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Real‐time Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometer monitoring reveals that D2000 exhibits higher reactivity than MPD. Consequently, in the MDI/MPD/D2000 system, D2000 initially reacts with MDI to form an isocyanate‐terminated prepolymer, which subsequently reacts with MPD. Compared with the two‐step feeding method, this approach successfully eliminates biuret formation and enhances tensile strength. Additionally, decreasing the molar ratio of D2000 to MPD (λm) reduces the size and degree of microphase separation in the polyurea by increasing the ordered hydrogen bonding and benzene conjugation, leading to an increase in tensile strength. Specifically, as λm decreases from 70 mol% to 30 mol%, the degree of microphase separation decreases from 0.47 to 0.2, causing the tensile strength to rise from 28 to 48 MPa. Further reducing λm to 30 mol% decreases the degree of microphase separation to 0.16, resulting in an increase in tensile strength to 78 MPa.
Smart anti‐fouling and self‐repairing polymer brushes for efficient oil–water separation
Authors: Liu Jinhui , Yuan Yuka , Peng Shuoli , Guo Liyun , Liu Yudong , Li Shulan , Liu Kai , Hua Jing
Published: September 2024

The increasing water pollution problem poses a demand for oil–water separation materials, but preparing separation materials with high efficiency and excellent durability remains a great challenge. In this work, we use a diblock polymer brush of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and poly(N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) based on cotton fabric to prepare oil–water separation membranes with high efficiency, good durability, and intelligent self‐repairing properties. Lubricating PDMS brushes reduces the fouling adhesion due to its low surface energy and high flexibility. pH‐responsive PDMAEMA brushes provide good hydrophobicity and an intelligent self‐repairing effect. The prepared Co‐PDMS‐PDMAEMA has high oil flux (>30,000 L m−2 h−1) and high separation efficiency (>99%) even after 10 cycles and its surface character can be recovered under acidic conditions. Overall, the modified cotton fabric made by such a versatile technique is promising in oil–water separation.
Investigation of PVDF‐co‐HPF based ultrafiltration polymer inclusion membrane for the extraction of cadmium ions
Authors: Eyupoglu Volkan , Unal Asuman
Published: September 2024

Ultrafiltration polymer inclusion membranes (UPIMs) have become increasingly significant for the separation and purification of heavy metals from industrial wastes and wastewater due to their convenience compared to other liquid membranes. A novel process for cadmium separation and recovery has been developed using biodegradable ion carriers, specifically room temperature ionic liquids with various molecular structures. This innovation has greatly enhanced the efficiency and application of UPIMs for cadmium separation, while also providing the membranes with unique functional properties. In this study, various UPIMs were produced using polyvinyl fluoride hexafluoropropylene (PVDF‐co‐HPF) as the base polymer, different plasticizers, and symmetric room temperature ionic liquids as ion carriers. The ability of these membranes to extract cadmium ions was evaluated, demonstrating a removal rate of 9.70 μmol s−1 from a 25 ppm Cd(II) solution under optimum conditions. The selectivity and stability of the optimized UPIM were examined under different conditions to obtain a deeper insight into of its performance. The morphological characteristics of the optimized UPIM were examined using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy techniques.
Structural evolution of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene under sliding friction in seawater
Authors: Cheng Bingxue , Shang Hongfei , Duan Haitao , Dan Jia , Shengpeng Zhan
Published: September 2024

Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is suitable for tribological applications in various environments because of its advantageous characteristics, including its high‐impact strength, excellent resistance against wear and corrosion, and self‐lubricating properties. However, the tribological behavior of UHMWPE under seawater lubrication is still poorly understood. In this study, the wear mechanisms of UHMWPE in seawater environment were elucidated by examining its morphology and structural evolution during sliding friction. The tribological properties of UHMWPE were significantly affected by the sliding speed in seawater. At low sliding speeds, no long‐strip structures were observed on the worn UHMWPE surface. However, as the sliding speed was increased, prominent convex long‐strip structures appeared and became more densely distributed with time. The molecular chains in the amorphous region of UHMWPE stretched along the sliding direction under stress. In the crystalline region, molecular orientation, and lamellar slip were accompanied by molecular conformational transformations. During the initial stage of sliding friction, UHMWPE mainly exhibited adhesive wear caused by plastic deformation. Subsequently, the wear mechanism of UHMWPE gradually changed from adhesive wear to a combination of adhesive and abrasive wear, and its wear intensified over time.
Machine learning analysis for detecting late recurrence and loss to follow‐up after renal cell carcinoma surgery
Authors: Sato Kodai , Sazuka Tomokazu , Arai Takayuki , Sato Hiroaki , Kanesaka Manato , Ando Keisuke , Saito Shinpei , Pae Sangjon , Yamada Yasutaka , Imamura Yusuke , Sakamoto Shinichi , Ichikawa Tomohiko
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is shown to have a tendency for late recurrence, occurring 5 or more years after curative surgery. Imaging diagnosis is required for follow‐up, and there is no definitive answer as to how long this should continue. Some patients discontinue follow‐up visits at their own discretion. How best to predict late recurrence and loss to follow‐up (LF) remains unclear.

Patients and methods

This study targeted patients diagnosed with non‐metastatic RCC who underwent either radical or partial nephrectomy at Chiba University Hospital between 1988 and 2021. Follow‐up for patients with RCC is typically lifelong. We used random survival forests (RSFs), a machine learning‐based survival analysis method, to predict late recurrence and LF. For verification of prediction accuracy, we applied the time‐dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (t‐AUC). To analyse the risks of late recurrence and LF, SurvSHAP(t) and partial dependence plots were used.

Results

We analysed 1051 cases in this study. Median follow‐up was 58.5 (range: 0–376) months. The predictive accuracy of recurrence using RSF was t‐AUC 0.806, 0.761, 0.674 and 0.566 at 60, 120, 180 and 240 months postoperatively, respectively. The recurrence risk impact showed a time‐dependent increase up to approximately 50 months postoperatively. Beyond 50 months, there were no distinct risk factors characteristic of late recurrence. The predictive accuracy of LF using RSF was t‐AUC 0.542, 0.699, 0.685, 0.628 and 0.674 at 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 months postoperatively, respectively. The risk of LF increased with advancing age beyond 70 years.

Conclusion

It is difficult to identify factors that predict late recurrence. For long‐term follow‐up observation, it is essential to pay particular attention to patients with RCC aged 70 years and above. Establishing frameworks to facilitate collaboration with local hospitals near patients' residences and providing care within the community is necessary.
A unified theoretical framework underlying the regulation of motivated behavior
Authors: Kim Yu‐Been , Lee Young Hee , Park Shee‐June , Choi Hyung Jin
Published: September 2024

To orchestrate behaviors for survival, multiple psychological components have evolved. The current theories do not clearly distinguish the distinct components. In this article, we provide a unified theoretical framework. To optimize survival, there should be four components; (1) “need”, an alarm based on a predicted deficiency. (2) “motivation”, a direct behavior driver. (3) “pleasure”, a teacher based on immediate outcomes. (4) “utility”, a teacher based on final delayed outcomes. For behavior stability, need should be accumulated into motivation to drive behavior. Based on the immediate outcome of the behavior, the pleasure should teach whether to continue the current behavior. Based on the final delay outcome, the utility should teach whether to increase future behavior by reshaping the other three components. We provide several neural substrate candidates in the food context. The proposed theoretical framework, in combination with appropriate experiments, will unravel the neural components responsible for each theoretical component.
Invariables and variables in the evolution of plant reproduction
Authors: Wang Xin
Published: September 2024

Land plants have undergone great diversification and evolution in the past 400 million years. Although complex and hard to grasp, the sexual reproductive cycle (SRC) is an important unavoidable process in the evolution of plants. Various modifications have been added sequentially to this core process, thus creating various novel organs and distinguishing their bearers from one another. Reproductive organs of all land plants, including sporangium, megasporangium, metamegasporangium (=ovule), and various metamegasporangium complexes, are derived from terminal sporangia in the earliest land plants. Throughout the million‐year‐long evolution, plants sequentially recruit associating accessories to protect their vulnerable core parts (spore and gamete). The occurrence of every single one of these novelties is a stair marking land plant reproduction evolution and leads to enhanced offspring development conditioning.
Therapy and counselling experiences of queer adults in Germany
Authors: Bröning Sonja , Mazziotta Agostino
Published: September 2024

Background

Mental health professionals play a crucial role in either alleviating or exacerbating stress among queer clients.

Aims

Drawing on minority stress theory, we conducted a study to examine the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and/or consensually non‐monogamous clients with current or recent psychotherapy or counselling experiences in Germany.

Method

A convenience sample of 492 queer individuals participated in an online survey, providing insights into their most recent experiences with psychotherapy or counselling and evaluating the success of these processes. Among the participants, 92% identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or another non‐heterosexual identity, while 8% identified as heterosexual. Additionally, 54% reported being in consensually non‐monogamous relationships, and 23% identified as gender‐diverse.

Results

The majority (92%) had prior experience with psychotherapy, with over half reporting their last session within the last month. The remaining 8% reported counselling experience. Most participants rated their recent psychotherapy or counselling process as successful. Exemplary practices were more common than inappropriate ones. While overt discrimination by mental health professionals was rare, subtle inappropriate behaviours were still prevalent. Affirmative and actively reassuring practices were strongly linked to subjective therapy success.

Conclusion

The study's findings warrant cautious optimism regarding a non‐discriminative stance in German mental health professionals while highlighting the need for further research, training and guidelines for therapists and counsellors.
Channel Engineering of a Glutamate Exporter
Authors: Nie Zhihua , Liu Pi , Yew Maxine , Shen Jie , Sun Jibin , Schwaneberg Ulrich , Zheng Ping , Zhu Leilei
Published: September 2024

Mechanosensitive channel MscCG2 is involved in glutamate excretion in most C. glutamicum strains. Improving the excretion efficiency of MscCG2 is beneficial to the production of glutamate. In this study, structure‐based rational design was carried out to obtain an improved efflux ability of exporter MscCG2 and its mechanistic advance via two strategies: widening the channel entrance for smoother entry of glutamate and reducing the electronegativity at the entrance of the channels to minimize the rejection of negatively charged glutamate entry. The designed variants were found to enhance glutamate excretion by 2 to 3.3‐fold in the early phase and 1.1‐fold to 1.5‐fold in the late phase of fermentation. The enhanced glutamate excretion was further confirmed by using glutamate toxic analog 4‐fluoroglutamate (4‐FG) and Glu‐Glu peptide uptake and glutamate export assay. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations revealed that the amino acid substitutions indeed enlarged the channel entrance and reduced the repulsion of glutamate when entering the channel. The finding of this study is important for understanding the underlying structure‐function relationship and the mechanism of glutamate secretion to improve glutamate efflux efficiency of glutamate exporter.
Be curious, not judgmental: A DBT emotion regulation handout for changing unwanted emotions
Authors: McHugh Sarah A. , Gold Andrea L.
Published: September 2024

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and its adaptation for adolescents (DBT‐A) provide evidence‐based tools for individuals with chronic emotion dysregulation and their families (Linehan, 2015; Miller et al., 2007). Teens with emotion dysregulation struggle to understand, label, and accept their emotions; they are frequently unable to modulate the intensity of their emotions to match the goals of the present context. No matter how much emotionally‐dysregulated teens and their families may wish it were so, emotion regulation does not include getting rid of emotions. Why not? We need emotions for survival, as emotions serve essential functions: to motivate us for action and to communicate to ourselves and others. Rather than eliminating emotions, emotion regulation aims to help individuals understand their own emotions, decrease emotional vulnerability and suffering, and change unwanted emotions. This article presents “Check the Facts,” a DBT skill for helping individuals with emotion dysregulation effectively change unwanted emotions. We share a handout that we adapted from DBT with step‐by‐step tips based on our experience treating adolescents with chronic emotion dysregulation co‐occurring with obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD)/anxiety disorders.
Prazosin Treatment of Sleep Problems in Youth with PTSD
Authors: Flores Jose , Lauer‐Arnold Ingrid, J. , Benito Kristen
Published: September 2024

Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition characterized by reexperiencing symptoms, persistent avoidance, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and changes in arousal and reactivity in response to a traumatic event (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The pathophysiology of PTSD is not fully understood but likely related to dysregulation of fear‐processing. Currently, the gold standard of treatment is trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF‐CBT). SSRIs are the only FDA‐approved pharmacologic treatments for PTSD in adults and there are no FDA approved medications to treat pediatric PTSD. Unlike studies in adults, double‐blinded randomized control trials (RCTs) did not show any efficacy for SSRIs in pediatric patients diagnosed with PTSD (Hudson et al., 2021). While estimates of pediatric PTSD prevalence varies, the prevalence of PTSD at age 18 is 7.8% (Rolling et al., 2023). Sleep disturbances such as insomnia, night‐time awakenings, and nightmares often persist despite treatment with TF‐CBT or SSRIs. Left untreated, sleep disturbances are predictive of PTSD persistence and comorbid psychiatric complications (Rolling et al., 2023). There is evidence supporting the use of the medication prazosin in alleviating pediatric PTSD sleep disturbances including nightmares and insomnia. Anywhere from 20–80% of children with PTSD report nightmares compared to a prevalence of 10–20% in the general pediatric population (Kovachy et al., 2013). There is a growing need for pharmacologic therapy given the paucity of providers trained in TF‐CBT and a need for symptomatic management. In this review, we will examine sleep disturbances in pediatric PTSD patients and discuss the feasibility of prazosin as an adjunct treatment option.
Childhood maltreatment can cause suicide, depression, and more
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2024

Preventing child maltreatment can result in a reduction in suicide and mental disorders, research has found. The link between childhood maltreatment and adult depression has been known for some time, but the first study published has shown that this maltreatment causes mental disorders and suicide. The study took into account genetic and environmental confounding. For the study, maltreatment was defined as physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional, or neglect before at 18.
Kidney disease, diabetes, and diameter stenosis predict Rotablation bailout in modified balloon application for severely calcified coronary lesions
Authors: Felbel Dominik , Fattom Ali , Fechter Isabella , Paukovitsch Michael , Stephan Tilman , Gröger Matthias , Keßler Mirjam , Schneider Leonhard , Mörike Johannes , Gonska Birgid , Imhof Armin , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Buckert Dominik , Markovic Sinisa
Published: September 2024

Background

Modified balloon (MB) treatment in severely calcified coronary artery lesions is an established technique. However, some lesions require Rotablation (RA) as bailout strategy.

Aims

This study aimed to assess predictors of switch from MB to RA and its impact on procedural and midterm outcomes.

Methods

Four hundred and eighty‐three consecutive patients were included undergoing MB treatment (n = 204) with a scoring or cutting balloon, or upfront RA treatment (n = 279) serving as control cohort. Strategy switch from MB to RA was performed in 19 of 204 patients. Procedural success was defined as successful stent implantation and TIMI III flow.

Results

In the MB cohort, median age was 72 [63−78] years, 75.5% were male and 42.1% had acute coronary syndrome. Procedure success was achieved in 89.4% of the switch group versus 98.4% of the MB only group (p < 0.001) and in 96.4% of the RA cohort. In the switch group, periprocedural complications (31.6% vs. 8.1% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.007), radiation dose (149 [126–252] vs. 59 [30–97] vs. 102 [59–156] Gcm2; p < 0.001) and contrast volume (250 [190–250] vs. 190 [150–250] vs. 195 [190–‐250] mL; p < 0.001) were significantly higher. Diabetes (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.1–13.9, p = 0.042), chronic kidney disease stage 4 or 5 (OR 19.0, 95% CI 3.3–108.6, p < 0.001) and pronounced calcification resulting in higher angiographic diameter stenosis (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.1–1.2, p = 0.001) independently predicted strategy switch. Midterm results were not affected by strategy switch regarding 1‐year target lesion revascularization rates (86% vs. 89% vs. 89%; log‐rank p = 0.95).

Conclusion

Primary RA strategy might be considered in patients with severely calcified coronary artery lesions with high angiographic diameter stenosis, diabetes or impaired renal function due to increased periprocedural complication rates, radiation dose, and contrast volume following strategy switch.
Diabetes and mortality risk in patients undergoing coronary angiography: The KARDIO study
Authors: Laukkanen Jari A. , Kunutsor Setor K. , Immonen Jaakko , Hernesniemi Jussi , Karvanen Juha , Eskola Markku ,   KARDIO study group
Published: September 2024

Background

Diabetes is an established risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes including mortality, but the relationship between diabetes and mortality risk in the presence of the extensive or diffuse form of coronary artery disease (CAD) is controversial.

Aims

We evaluated the association between diabetes and mortality risk in patients who underwent coronary angiography using a real‐life clinical database.

Methods

We utilized the KARDIO registry, which comprised data on demographics, prevalent diseases, including diabetes status, cardiovascular risk factors, coronary angiographies, and other interventions in 79,738 patients. Hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for the association between prevalent diabetes and all‐cause mortality were estimated.

Results

During a median follow‐up of 5.5 years, 11,896 all‐cause deaths occurred. In analyses adjusted for age, smoking status, hypertension, family history of CAD, dyslipidaemia, urgency of intervention, body mass index, sex, and sex‐age interaction, the HR (95% CI) for mortality comparing diabetes with no diabetes was 1.44 (1.38, 1.50). Following additional adjustment for the degree of CAD (1–3 vessels disease) as confirmed by angiography, the HR (95% CI) for mortality remained similar 1.43 (1.36, 1.49). The association did not vary significantly across several relevant clinical characteristics except for a stronger association in those with a family history of CAD than those without (p = 0.034) and former smokers than nonsmokers (p = 0.046).

Conclusion

In patients undergoing coronary angiography, diabetes is associated with an increased mortality risk, independent of several risk factors including the degree of CAD. The association may be modified by family history of CAD and smoking status.
Differential Sensing Approach as a Pattern‐based Discrimination for Biological Samples
Authors: Jo Seon‐Beom , Lee Jung Hoon , Lee Jane , Oh Mi Mi , Lee Jun‐Seok
Published: September 2024

The differential sensing approach uses fingerprint patterning to distinguish uncharacterized biological samples. Inspired by natural sensory systems, an array of cross‐reactive sensors generates unique response fingerprint depending on the samples. Until today, this array system has been developed using various materials, including the library of surface‐charged nanoparticles and chemosensors. Many differential array systems have demonstrated accurate identification of bacterial species, viral subtypes, and cancer cells, as well as distinguishing disease states in blood or urine. This capability is particularly important for distinguishing between normal and abnormal states when specific marker molecules have not yet been identified, providing a powerful diagnostic tool. In this concept, we summarized representative outcomes of differential sensing applications for biological sample discrimination.
From color naming to color perception: Cross‐linguistic differences of the chromatic information processing in monolingual and bilingual speakers
Authors: Simoncelli Camilla , Gréa Philippe , Kihlstedt Maria
Published: September 2024

There has been long running debate about the interaction of language and perception. In this context, bilingual people have often shown benefits, due to their double‐active linguistic system, in cognitive functions, like inhibition, attention, and memory, which are central for visual perception. Color naming and categorization are domains for studying cross‐linguistic effects, which arise from conceptual and perceptual variations across speakers of different languages. In this study, we compared the ‘blue’ lexicon of highly proficient French‐Italian bilinguals to monolingual speakers of the corresponding languages. Prior studies have shown that Italian has two basic color terms for the blue area of color space: one denotes light blue hues (azzurro) and the other dark blue hues (blu), whilst French, with only one basic term bleu, lacks this distinction. We used a Stroop test to probe differences in perception and categorization of blue in bi‐ and monolingual speakers. We found that Italian monolinguals name the ink color more accurately and more rapidly when the word blu is rendered in dark blue ink (corresponding to the word blu) than when it is printed in light blue ink (corresponding to azzurro), since the latter represents an incongruent condition for them. This ‘category effect’ does not exist for French monolingual speakers. Our bilinguals' results demonstrate that, despite the emergence of a specific in‐between perceptual behavior, bilinguals generally performed like Italian monolinguals. These outcomes confirm the hypothesis that their second language categories (Italian) dominate their native language (French), attesting that lexical distinctions influence perceptual faculties in general. However, the ratio of the interference effect (longer reaction times for incongruent stimuli compared to control stimuli) and the facilitation effect (shorter reaction times for congruent stimuli compared to control stimuli) is not the same for bilinguals and monolinguals. The highest magnitude in the facilitation effect was revealed for bilinguals, whereas the highest magnitude in the interference effect was revealed for Italian monolingual speakers. This phenomenon adds evidence to the existence of enhanced bilingual cognitive control abilities.
A Computational Analysis of the Proton Affinity and the Hydration of TEMPO and Its Piperidine Analogs
Authors: Shiroudi Abolfazl , Śmiechowski Maciej , Czub Jacek , Abdel‐Rahman Mohamed A.
Published: September 2024

The study investigated the impact of protonation and hydration on the geometry of nitroxide radicals using B3LYP and M06‐2X methods. Results indicated that TEMPO exhibited the highest proton affinity in comparison to TEMPOL and TEMPONE. Two pathways contribute to hydrated protonated molecules. TEMPO shows lower first enthalpies of hydration (ΔH1–M), indicating stronger H‐bonding interactions, while TEMPONE shows higher values, indicating weaker interactions with H2O. Solvent effects affect charge distribution by decreasing their atomic charge. Spin density (SD) is primarily concentrated in the NO segment, with minimal water molecule contamination. Protonation increases SD on N‐atom, while hydration causes a more pronounced redistribution for water molecules. The stability of the dipolar structure (>N⋅+−O−) is evident in SD redistributions. The frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis of TEMPONE reveals a minimum EHOMO–LUMO gap (EH–L), enhancing the piperidine ring's reactivity. TEMPO is the most nucleophilic species, while TEMPONE exhibits strong electrophilicity. Transitioning from NO radicals to protonated forms increases the EH–L gap, indicating protonation stabilizes FMOs. Increased water molecules make the molecule less reactive, while increasing hydration decreases this energy gap, making the molecule more reactive. A smaller EH–L gap indicates the compound becomes softer and more prone to electron density and reactivity changes.
Molecular Analysis of Changes in DNA Binding Affinity and Bending Extent Induced by the Mutations on the Aromatic Amino Residues in Cren7
Authors: Geethika K. , Verma Arunima , Mondal Padmabati , Mandal Soumit S.
Published: September 2024

Proteins from Crenarchaeal organisms exhibit remarkable thermal stability. The aromatic amino acids in Cren7, a Crenarchaeal protein, regulate protein stability and further modulate DNA binding and its compaction. Specific aromatic amino acids were mutated, and using spectroscopic and theoretical approaches, we have examined the effect of the mutation on the structure, DNA binding affinity, and DNA bending ability of Cren7. The mutants were compared to the structure and function of wild‐type (WT) Cren7. The reverse titration profiles were analysed by a noncooperative McGhee‐von Hippel model to estimate affinity constant (Ka) and binding site size (n) associated with binding to the DNA. The biolayer interferometry (BLI) measurements showed that the binding affinity decreased at higher salt concentrations. For theoretical analysis of the extent of DNA bending, radius of gyration and bending angle were compared for WT and mutants. The time evolution of order parameters based on the translational and rotational motion of tryptophan residue (W26) was used for the qualitative detection of stacking interactions between W26 of Cren7 and DNA nucleobases. It was observed that the orientation of W26 in F41A favored the formation of a new lone pair‐lone pair interaction between DNA and Cren7. Consequently, in thermostable proteins, the aromatic residues at the terminus maintain structural stability, whereas the residues at the core optimize the degree of DNA bending and compaction.
Illuminating the Performance of Electron Withdrawing Groups in Halogen Bonding
Authors: Devore Daniel P. , Ellington Thomas L. , Shuford Kevin L.
Published: September 2024

Throughout the halogen bonding literature, electron withdrawing groups are relied upon heavily for tuning the interaction strength between the halogen bond donor and acceptor; however, the interplay of electronic effects associated with various substituents is less of a focus. This work utilizes computational techniques to study the degree of σ‐ and π‐electron donating/accepting character of electron withdrawing groups in a prescribed set of halo‐alkyne, halo‐benzene, and halo‐ethynyl benzene halogen bond donors. We examine how these factors affect the σ‐hole magnitude of the donors as well as the binding strength of the corresponding complexes with an ammonia acceptor. Statistical analyses aid the interpretation of how these substituents influence the properties of the halogen bond donors and complexes, and show that the electron withdrawing groups that are both σ‐ and π‐electron accepting form the strongest halogen bond complexes.
Microplastics in Cosmetics: Open Questions and Sustainable Opportunities
Authors: Giustra Marco , Sinesi Giulia , Spena Francesca , De Santes Beatrice , Morelli Lucia , Barbieri Linda , Garbujo Stefania , Galli Paolo , Prosperi Davide , Colombo Miriam
Published: September 2024

The cosmetic industry is now changing or rather having an ecological transition in which formulations such as creams, lotions, and powders for make‐up, skin and hair care must not contain microplastics, now a taboo word in this field. Nowadays, many companies are intensifying their research and development (R&D) work to align with recent and future legislation that provides for their elimination to safeguard the ecosystem. The production of new eco‐sustainable materials is currently a hot topic which finds its place in a market worth above 350 billion dollars which will reach more than 700 billion dollars in a very short time. This review offers an overview of the main advantages and adverse issues relating to the use of microplastics in cosmetics and of their impact, providing an insight into the properties of the polymeric materials that are currently exploited to improve the sensorial characteristics of cosmetic products. In addition, the various regulatory restrictions in the different geographical areas of the world are also described, which is matter for reflection on future direction. Finally, a prospective vision of possible solutions to replace microplastics with sustainable alternatives complete the picture of the next generation personal care products to support decision‐making in the cosmetic marketplace.
Ligand and Metal Effects in the Gas‐Phase Fragmentation of Thiomethoxymethyl Complexes
Authors: Stebens Gilles , Kury David , Jakob Lukas , Butschke Burkhard
Published: September 2024

While the collision‐induced dissociation (CID) of the mass‐selected cation [(Ph3P)2Pt(CH2SCH3)]+ causes the selective liberation of PPh3, the diphosphine complex [(dppe)Pt(CH2SCH3)]+ (dppe=1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) ejects C2H4, CH2S, and (CH3)2S upon CID. The analogous palladium complexes [(Ph3P)2Pd(CH2SCH3)]+ and [(dppe)Pd(CH2SCH3)]+ show similar reactivity, except that C−H‐bond activation is completely lacking. For other bidentate diphosphine ligands such as dppm, dppv, dppp, dppb, dppbz, dppf, and xantphos, a correlation of the dominant reaction channels with the bite angle is observed. For bite angles > 90°, hydrogen‐atom transfer is favored, as evidenced by an increase in dimethyl‐sulfide loss. For smaller bite angles (< 90°), intramolecular activation of the thiomethoxymethyl ligand predominates, thus resulting in increased losses of thioformaldehyde and ethene. The results of the CID experiments are compared with those for [(bipy)Pt(CH2SCH3)]+, for which the loss of C2H4 is observed as the main process. DFT calculations for the complexes [(dppe)Pt(CH2SCH3)]+ and [(bipy)Pt(CH2SCH3)]+ together with the experimental findings uncover subtle differences in the underlying reaction mechanisms.
Preferential Binding to a Mannoside of a Pyridine–Acetylene–Phenol Macrocycle with a Fluorine Substituent in the Cavity
Authors: Ohishi Yuki , Chiba Junya , Inouye Masahiko
Published: September 2024

We developed a pyridine–acetylene–phenol macrocycle in which a fluorine atom was introduced in place of a hydroxy group, as a host for the selective binding to epimers of glucose. The fluorine atom was expected to work as a negatively charged infill repelling oxygen atoms of saccharides and prevent the efficient formation of a hydrogen‐bond network with a glucoside, whose cross‐section size is larger than those of the corresponding epimers, especially of a mannoside. UV–Vis and fluorescence titration experiments revealed that this host showed a higher affinity for a mannoside than a glucoside. 1H NMR and molecular modeling suggested that the fluorine atom acts as a moderate infill weakening the binding to a glucoside. This result indicates that selectivity for guest molecules can be modified by replacing a hydroxy group and a hydrogen atom in host molecules with a fluorine atom.
Nickel‐Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cyclotrimerization of Alkynes and Other Unsaturated Systems: A Literature Overview
Authors: Chakrabortty Rajesh , Ghosh Suman , Ganesh Venkataraman
Published: September 2024

Transition metal‐catalyzed [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization provides easy access to carbocycles and heterocycles in a single operation with complete atom economy. In recent years, nickel catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool for constructing fused arenes and heteroarenes with high regio‐/chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance. This review highlights the historical perspective and advances made in recent years in nickel‐catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloadditions of alkynes, diynes, and various unsaturated systems. The catalytic activity of the nickel complexes, such as Ni‐phosphine, Ni‐NHC, Ni‐pincer, Ni‐diimine, etc, and their mechanistic insights have been thoroughly examined. Highly substituted arenes have broad applications in pharmaceuticals and soft materials. The applications of cyclotrimerization in these areas have been illustrated.
In control but uninspired: Displays of artist self‐control undermine perceptions of creativity
Authors: Kokkoris Michail D. , Stavrova Olga
Published: September 2024

Previous research highlighted the interpersonal benefits of self‐control in professional contexts: People prefer high self‐control individuals as work or study partners and expect them to perform better than low self‐control individuals. We show that these benefits of self‐control reverse in the artistic domain. Results of one pilot study and five preregistered online experiments (N = 1644) reveal that artists with high (vs. low) self‐control are perceived as less creative. This effect replicates across various artistic domains (visual art, music, poetry, screenwriting), holds for both male and female artists and can be explained by perceptions of lower experiential processing, which is considered indispensable for creativity. However, art created by high (vs. low) self‐control artists is ascribed higher market value due to stronger attributions of productivity. These findings provide novel insights into the social perception of self‐control and contribute to the understudied topic of the downsides of self‐control as well as to the literature on lay theories of creativity.
Photoelectrochemical Immunoassay of Alpha‐Fetoprotein Based on Au Nanoparticles‐Decorated ZnO Microrods
Authors: Xu Shaohua , Wang Ming , Chen Minyong , Zou Jin , Zhang Mingji , Yu Lihui , Ke Yongfa , Zhang Chenjun , Zhang Hui , Liu Jingfeng
Published: September 2024

Herein a split‐type photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor based on in situ grown gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on the surface of ZnO microrods (ZnO MRs) was devised for the detection of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) by employing dopamine (DA)‐loaded liposomes as the signal amplification strategy. Specifically, as the level of AFP rises, a proportional number of sandwich‐type immunocomplexes form in the well of the microplate, which can introduce a corresponding amount of DA‐encapsulated liposomes at the same time. Encapsulated DA molecules will be released with the stimulation of Triton X‐100, thereby resulting in the marked enhancement of the PEC signal. Under optimized conditions, the proposed PEC immunosensing platform displays specific photocurrent responses toward AFP in a broad dynamic working range of 0.05 −50 ng mL−1, achieving an impressively low limit of detection (LOD) of 18.7 pg mL−1. Furthermore, this methodology not only displays high specificity, and satisfactory storage stability but also ensures acceptable accuracy and practicality for the analytical applications of human serum samples.