bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pure shear stable crack growth through Compact‐Tension‐Shear specimen in plane state of stress
Authors: Mourad Abdel‐Hamid I.
Published: January 2025

In this work the effect of assumption of plane state of stress (plane stress or plane strain) on the predictability of the experimental results observed during the in‐plane shearing mode (mode II) stable crack growth (SCG) through 8 mm thick compact tension shear (CTS) specimen of a workhardening aluminium alloy (D16AT) has been studied. Experimental results include load–sliding displacement diagrams, extent of SCG, fracture surface fractographs, scanning electron micrographs, crack front geometry and variation of plastic zone in the thickness direction. The experimental observations show that the crack extends in its own plane, the fracture surface is flat, smooth, and free of any shear lip, the crack front geometry, which is mostly straight initially, remains so throughout the SCG. Furthermore, the plastic zone size is the same along the specimen thickness and the constraint on the plastic zone does not develop near the mid thickness. Numerical simulations based on the assumptions of plane stress and plane strain have been performed using a 2D elastic–plastic finite element scheme and the COA/COD criterion as the criterion governing the crack growth. Finite element results on the load sliding displacement diagrams, J‐resistance curves, plastic zone sizes and variation of equivalent stress and strain along the crack‐line ahead of the crack tip are presented. The resistance curve is a straight‐line and the magnitudes of equivalent stress and strain show a tendency to increase as the crack extension proceeds. In general, experimental observations indicate that a plane stress state prevails throughout the thickness and the predictions based on the assumption of state of plane stress are closer to the experimental observations for the examined thickness.
The theta approach to creep and creep fracture of forged 1Cr–1Mo–0.25V steel
Authors: Wilshire B. , Burt H.
Published: January 2025

Tensile creep and creep fracture properties are presented for a forged 1Cr–1Mo–0.25V rotor steel over stress ranges giving creep lives up to about 1000 hours at 783 to 863 K. The results are described by adopting traditional power-law approaches, before documenting the additional information gained by quantifying the creep curve shapes using the θ methodology. In this way, the observed behaviour patterns are explained in terms of the dislocation processes governing strain accumulation, the localized microstructural instability causing the tertiary acceleration and the eventual neck formation which leads to transgranular failure. Moreover, the θ relationships derived from this short-term test programme are shown to allow prediction of the comprehensive long-term data sets for forged 1Cr–1Mo–0.25V steels determined by the National Research Institute for Metals, Japan.
Energy absorption capabilities of woven roving glass/epoxy composite tubes: Effect of tube length
Authors: Elgalai A.M. , Hamouda A.M.S. , Mahdi E. , Sahari B.S.
Published: January 2025

This work presents a comprehensive experimental work on woven roving glass/epoxy composite tubes subjected to axial quasi-static compression loading condition in order to study the effect of the tube length on crushing behaviour, failure modes, and on energy absorption capabilities. For this purpose, composite tubes of different lengths; L1, L2, L3, and L4 (111, 174, 237, and 300 mm, respectively) were fabricated and tested. The main objectives of this work are to study the behaviour of the load-displacement curve and to investigate the effect of the change in tube length on the energy absorption capability of cylindrical tubes. It has been found that crushing behaviour and energy absorption capabilities are sensitive to the change in the tube length. Also it is found that the tested specimens exhibited different failure modes, which characterized each tube.
The effect of multiscale dominating region on brittle fracture
Authors: Yokobori A. Toshimitsu
Published: January 2025

In this paper, based on previously obtained experimental and theoretical results related to brittle fracture and dislocation dynamics, multiscale effect of dominating region on brittle fracture were discussed from the view point of scale similarity of mechanical properties. From this research, it was found that the nearest effective mechanical factor qualitatively affects an essential mechanical behavior of materials. On the other hand, other surrounded mechanical factors quantitatively affect mechanical behaviors of materials in the manner of scale effect and mechanical similarity is held independent of the existence of these surrounded mechanical factors.
Evolution of damage accumulation in low-carbon steel in tension condition
Authors: Tyutin M.R. , Botvina L.R. , Zharkova N.A. , Petersen T.B. , Hudson J.A.
Published: January 2025

Stages of damage accumulation process in notched specimens from low-carbon steel at tension were studied by means of replicas, acoustic emission and ultrasound attenuation methods. The shape and size of plastic deformation zones at a pre-existing crack tip, microcrack length and density in the zones were estimated and cumulative distributions of microcracks by their size were obtained. Acoustic emission method was used to control the damage accumulation process at various stages of loading in a real-time mode. Acoustic emission sources recorded during the loading of the specimens were located and the cumulative amplitude distributions of acoustic signals were estimated. It was established that cumulative distributions of microcracks and acoustic emission signals on initial stage of damage accumulation are well described by an exponential function which is replaced by a power law one at a load close to the maximum value. At this stage of loading, density of microcracks and acoustic emission signals approaches a limit value, crack coalescence leading to the main crack formation begins and ultrasound attenuation coefficient sharply increases. The results obtained are compared to the pattern of crack accumulation in rocks.
Method for quantitative evaluation of stretched zone width using two-dimensional local Hurst exponent
Authors: Yamagiwa K. , Takanashi M. , Izumi S. , Sakai S.
Published: January 2025

Fractal analysis has been widely used to characterize the fracture surface. It has been recognized that the local Hurst exponent, which is based on the concept of the self-affine fractal, is useful to detect the transition point of the fracture surface. In order to calculate the local Hurst exponent, a high-resolution profile is needed. The measurement of this profile, however, requires considerable time and effort, which thus makes it difficult to calculate all the profiles of the fracture surface and arrive at a detailed evaluation of the features of the fracture surface. In the present study, we propose a new method of calculating the two-dimensional local Hurst exponent, which can be used to evaluate the features of the fracture surface using the local Hurst exponent. To investigate the validity of the two-dimensional local Hurst exponent, our calculations were applied to grayscale images in which the stretched zone was observed and the width of the stretched zone (SZWc) was measured. The SZWc calculated by the two-dimensional local Hurst exponent and that detected by human observation were found to be in good agreement. We thus conclude that the two-dimensional local Hurst exponent is a useful means of detecting the transition point of the fracture surface.
Fracture in brittle materials: The atomic-scale viewpoint
Authors: Ippolito M. , Fugallo G. , Mattoni A. , Colombo L. , Cleri F.
Published: January 2025

We present the basic formalism, as well as the underlying physical picture of atomistic simulations, as applied to the investigation of materials mechanical behavior. In particular, we discuss brittle fracture in cubic silicon carbide, proving that atomistic simulations are not only consistent with elementary continuum fracture mechanics, but also do provide a better physical insight on atomic-scale features, e.g. lattice trapping. Finally, we show how atomistic simulations could be used as a provider of constitutive relations to be possibly used in continuum modeling.
A mother–daughter mechanism for mode I dominated cracks: Supersonic crack motion along interfaces of dissimilar materials
Authors: Buehler Markus J. , Gao Huajian
Published: January 2025

In this paper we summarize our recent progress in applying large-scale atomistic studies of crack dynamics along interfaces of dissimilar materials. We consider two linear-elastic material strips in which atoms interact with harmonic potentials of different spring constants. The two strips are bound together with a weak potential whose bonds snap early upon a critical atomic separation. An initial crack serves as the initiation point for dynamic interfacial fracture. We focus on the maximum speed of tensile dominated cracks along such a bimaterial interface. We observe that upon initiation at a critical load, the crack quickly approaches a velocity a few percent larger than the Rayleigh-wave speed of the soft material. After a critical time, a secondary crack is nucleated a few atomic spacings ahead of the crack. This secondary crack propagates at the Rayleigh-wave speed of the stiff material. If the elastic mismatch is sufficiently large (e.g. ten as in our study), the secondary crack can be faster than the longitudinal wave speed of the soft material, thus propagating supersonically. At this stage, supersonic crack motion is clearly identified by two Mach cones in the soft material. Our study suggests that such mother–daughter transition mechanism, which has been previously reported for mode II crack motion in homogeneous materials, may also play an important role in the dynamics of interfacial cracks under tensile loading. We also include some studies of unconstrained crack motion along interfaces of dissimilar materials, and demonstrate that the crack tends to branch off into the softer region, in agreement with previous study by Xu and Needleman (Int. J. of Fracture 74 (1996)).
Scaling properties of the three-dimensional fuse model as a model for brittle fracture
Authors: Ramstad Thomas , Bakke Jan , Hansen Alex
Published: January 2025

Fracture morphology has for the last two decades gained much interest seen from a fundamental point of view. Experimental evidence point out a self-affine scaling of such fracture surfaces, which leads to the fact that the roughness of the fracture scales with the size of the system as w∼Lζ. We have implemented a numerical network of random fuses in three dimensions in order to study breakdown processes of brittle materials. With this model we have been able to measure critical exponents at breakdown, and in that sense gained information of the scaling laws involved in the morphology of fracture surfaces. We have studied both the scaling of roughness and behavior of the correlation length ξ for broad distributions in order to examine the linkage between them. A newly proposed relation by Hansen and Schmittbuhl gives ζ=2ν/(1+2ν). By using the relation ξ∼|p−pc|−ν from percolation theory we measure the critical correlation length exponent ν=0.83±0.06. From this value we derive a value for the roughness exponent ζ=0.62±0.05 in the three-dimensional fuse model. This is consistent with previous studies on the fuse model in three dimensions.
Quasi-brittle fracture of foam-polystyrene plates with hole
Authors: Legan M.A. , Kolodezev V.E. , Sheremet A.S.
Published: January 2025

Experiments were performed to determine the quasi-brittle fracture of foam-polystyrene plates of trademark PSB-25 involving some holes, cuts and also without them. The plates of dimensions 1×1 m and thickness 5 cm are used. The ultimate strength of material, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, pre-fracturing strain and critical coefficient of stress intensity were determined. All holes in plates are made as central holes having circular, elliptic and square shapes. A major axis of elliptic holes is located both normally to the stretching directions and at angle 45° to this direction. To analyze experimental data, a numerical algorithm is used because the relation among the sizes of holes and plates does not correspond to the known problems on stress concentrations for infinite planes. Using the gradient fracture criterion as the base and the boundary element method (the fictitious stress method), the above computational strength algorithm is constructed. The experimental data are compared with the calculation results. The application of classic strength criterion resulted in lower evaluations of critical stresses and loads. In comparison with the classical criterion, the use of the gradient fracture criterion leads to better agreement between numerical estimates and experimental data.
Development of a creep/fatigue crack growth testing Code of Practice for components
Authors: Nikbin K.M.
Published: January 2025

In life assessment methodologies, which involve analyzing cracks and discontinuities, there is a need to assess the significance of the defects which may exist in high temperature equipment operating in the creep and creep/fatigue range. Creep and creep/fatigue crack growth models as well as residual defect assessment codes need reliable and verifiable material properties data and validated fracture mechanics parameters for use in their predictive methodologies. Versailles Agreement on Materials and Standards (VAMAS) working group TWA25 has incorporated in a draft Code of Practice the results from the research to develop an overall methodology for deriving acceptable data and validated parameters for life assessment analysis. The pre-standard recommendations in TWA25 have been developed further taking into account the present Creep Crack Growth ASTM E1457 standard. The Draft Code of Practice (CoP) identifies methods of testing and presents validated fracture mechanics parameter used for analyzing laboratory creep crack growth data derived from non-standard feature test components.
Code of Practice for creep crack growth testing of industrial specimens
Authors: Dogan B. , Nikbin K. , Ceyhan U.
Published: January 2025

A Code of Practice is prepared based on the comprehensive work within internal, national and international projects. The guidelines are established for specimen selection to be followed in experimental studies. The Code of Practice is prepared based on the authors' and project partners' long years of experience in the subject field of high temperature testing, deformation studies and creep crack growth on ferritic and austenitic materials, including C-Mn, P22, P91 and 316 steels and their weldments. FE calculations and validation tests were carried out on industrially relevant specimen geometries. The Code of Practice gives advice on testing, measurements and analysis of test data for a range of creep brittle to creep ductile materials tested using different specimen sizes and geometries. Along with guidelines of Code of Practice, validation test results are presented for the applicability of the Code of Practice to the selected materials and geometries.
Elevated temperature fatigue crack growth model for DS-GTD-111
Authors: Yoon Kee Bong , Park Tae Gyu , Saxena Ashok
Published: January 2025

The removal of grain boundaries normal to the principal loading direction with the introduction of directionally solidified (DS) grains has significantly improved creep strength, resistance to thermal fatigue, crack growth and oxidation. In this study, a model is developed for representing and predicting the high temperature fatigue crack growth behavior of directionally solidified Ni base alloy, DS GTD-111. A new physically-based model is proposed that accurately represents the influence of temperature on the fatigue crack growth behavior. The test material was cast in the form of slabs that were approximately 254 mm long, 197 mm wide and 32 mm thick. Fatigue crack growth tests were carried out using 50.8 mm wide compact type specimens at 24, 649, 760 and 871°C in LT and TL orientations. The results showed that the dependence of the fatigue crack growth exponent, m, on the test temperature as well as the specimen orientation was weak. Hence, m was considered as constant in the temperature ranges considered in this study for both specimen orientations. The fatigue crack growth coefficient, c, was seen to increase with increasing temperature. A model based on thermal activation of dislocations is developed and shown to represent all the data.
Influence of heats, heat-treatments and testing methods on high temperature fatigue of 2.25Cr–1Mo steels
Authors: Yamaguchi K. , Hayakawa M. , Kimura M. , Kobayashi K.
Published: January 2025

Low-cycle fatigue properties for three heats of normalized and tempered 2.25Cr–1Mo steel were investigated under uniaxial strain control at high temperatures. Comparing with the reference data for normalized and tempered, and annealed 2.25Cr–1Mo steels under uniaxial or diametrical strain control, it was clarified that the influence of heats, heat-treatments and the strain control mode.
Comparison of two creep crack growth parameters, C* and Q*, with FE analysis
Authors: Yatomi M. , Yokobori A.T. , Nikbin K.M.
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a numerical study of creep crack growth in a compact tension specimen using elastic-plastic-creep Finite Element (FE) modelling. The constitutive behaviour of a carbon–manganese steel at 320°C, 360°C and 400°C was described by a power law creep model. A damage-based approach is used to predict the crack propagation rate using a node-debonding technique. Analyses at a fixed load at different temperatures and different loads at a fixed temperature were performed to predict crack extension under plane stress and plane strain conditions. Three parameters, K, C* and Q* parameters, are used and compared to characterise creep crack growth (CCG) rate. Comparisons were made with available experimental CCG. When the K parameter is used there is both load and temperature dependence of CCG rate. When the C* and Q* parameters are employed for the characterisation of CCG rate, initial tails are observed in the early stages of crack growth for all FE predictions. The FE results indicate that under full steady state CCG rate versus C* or Q* there is little dependence on temperature and load under plane stress conditions. Whereas under plane strain conditions there is dependence observed with temperatures and load for both the C* and Q* parameters.
A study on creep crack propagation behaviour of aged CrMoV for a long term used turbine
Authors: Takeda Hiroyoshi , Inukai Takao
Published: January 2025

The rotor and casing parts of steam turbines exposed high temperature and high stress for extensive periods are deteriorated by correlation between creep and fatigue. Microcrack initiates and coalesce with the main crack under creep condition. In order to apply to steam turbine components for creep crack propagation evaluation, the most suitable parameter must be selected for creep crack propagation evaluations of degrade CrMoV. Therefore, in this study, the experimental characteristics of the creep crack propagation behaviour have been investigated by both FEM analysis and creep burst test of cylinder model for the aged CrMoV rotor steel. As a result, comparisons of predicted the crack length to crack propagation time being used by parameter J* and Q* with experimental results show good agreement. In the study, though parameter K is too conservative, both parameters J* and Q* are available to predict of the creep crack propagation behaviour for aged CrMoV steel for practical use.
The effect of the lattice parameter of functionally graded materials on the stress field near crack tips
Authors: Liang Jun
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the effect of the lattice parameter of functionally graded materials on the stress field near crack tips subjected to a uniform anti-plane shear loading is investigated by means of the non-local theory. The traditional concepts of the non-local theory are extended to solve the fracture problem of functionally graded materials. To make the analysis tractable, it is assumed that the shear modulus varies exponentially with coordinate parallel to the crack. By use of the Fourier transform, the problem can be solved with the help of a pair of dual integral equations, in which the unknown variable is the displacement on the crack surface. To solve the dual integral equations, the displacement on the crack surface is expanded in a series of Jacobi polynomials. Unlike the classical elasticity solutions, it is found that no stress singularity is present at crack tips. The nonlocal elastic solutions yield a finite hoop stress at crack tips, thus allowing us to using the maximum stress as a fracture criterion. The magnitude of the finite stress field depends on the crack length, the parameter describing the functionally graded materials and the lattice parameter of materials.
The dynamic behavior of two parallel interface cracks in magneto-electro-elastic materials under the harmonic anti-plane shear stress waves
Authors: Zhou Zhen-Gong , Wu Lin-Zhi , Du Shan-Yi
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the dynamic coupling behavior of two parallel symmetry interface cracks in magneto-electro-elastic material plane under the harmonic anti-plane shear stress waves is studied by Schmidt method. By using the Fourier transform, the problem can be solved with a pair of dual integral equations in which the unknown variables are defined as the jumps of displacements across the crack surfaces. To solve the dual integral equations, the jumps of displacements across the crack surface are expanded in a series of Jacobi polynomials. The relations among the electric filed, the magnetic flux and the stress field are obtained. The shielding effect of two parallel interface cracks has been discussed.
Fracture mechanics and complexity sciences – Part I. Order emerging from complex systems: Fractals and renormalization group
Authors: Carpinteri Alberto , Puzzi Simone
Published: January 2025

The so-called Complexity Sciences are a topic of fast growing interest inside the scientific community. Aim of this paper is to provide an insight into the role of complexity in the field of Materials Science and Fracture Mechanics. The paper is divided into two parts, which deal with the two opposite natural trends of composite systems: order and structure emerging from heterogeneous and random systems and the route towards instability and chaos arising from simple nonlinear rules. In this paper (Part I), the former trend will be illustrated by means of two fracture mechanics applications, whereas the latter trend will be treated in the companion paper. The first application concerns the occurrence of self-similarity and fractal patterns in material damage and deformation of heterogeneous materials, and the apparent scaling of the nominal mechanical properties of disordered materials. The second application deals with criticality in the acoustic emissions of damaged structures and with scaling in the time-to-failure.
Fatigue characteristics and fatigue life prediction of glass ceramics in a water environment
Authors: Yoshikawa A. , Hiratsuka A. , Tsujino R. , Ogawa K.
Published: January 2025

Fatigue tests by using the glass ceramics under two kinds of environmental conditions: air and ion-exchange water. That is to say, for glass ceramic specimens with three collinear cracks that were introduced at different crack center distances by Vicker's indentation, fatigue tests in water environment were carried out under a four-point bending load. The results show that the time to failure for a glass ceramic specimen having small crystal grains was significantly shorter in the water environment than in the atmosphere, whereas in a glass ceramic specimen having large crystal grains, no difference due to the environment can be observed. The prediction of time to failure with crack interaction and crack coalescence was also carried out. The results were in good agreement with the experimental results. The validity of the proposed method of fatigue life prediction was confirmed.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pendidikan Fiqih Wakaf: Studi Kasus di Pulau Penang Malaysia
Authors: Juliansyah Iqbal , Nurjanah Binti Kamarulzaman Siti , Nur Qulubi Agil , Firantika Nabila Cindy , Kurniawati Dewi , Lufina Lufina , Andriyanto Muhamad , Riyandani Seja
Published: January 2025

Di Malaysia, wakaf produktif telah menjadi fokus untuk mempercepat perputaran ekonomi dan memberdayakan masyarakat. Ketidakseragaman undang-undang wakaf antar negeri yang menyebabkan perbedaan dalam pemahaman dan tatacara pengeluaran fatwa. Masalah lain termasuk kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang wakaf, terutama terkait aplikasi wakaf dalam konteks keuangan, serta perlunya pentadbiran wakaf yang lebih terpusat untuk memastikan kelancaran operasi wakaf di Malaysia. Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan menganalisis peningkatan pengetahuan fiqih wakaf bagi masyarakat di wilayah Pulau Penang, Malaysia. Metode pengabdian masyarakat melibatkan studi literatur dan studi lapangan untuk mengumpulkan data yang relevan. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman masyarakat terkait fiqih wakaf masih perlu ditingkatkan melalui program edukasi dan sosialisasi. Program penyuluhan dilaksanakan secara langsung dengan melibatkan pemuka agama setempat dan pemerintah desa Pulau Penang. Evaluasi dilakukan untuk memastikan efektivitas program dan memberikan rekomendasi untuk peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat terkait fiqih wakaf.
Addressing Fisheries Policies in Pakistan by Using Deep Learning
Authors: Hafeez Hinna , Tariq Arqam , Nisa Zaib un , Taj Farah
Published: January 2025

Pakistan has been facing an acute decline in the aquamarine population, especially fisheries, over the last few years. Therefore, the current study attempted to facilitate policymakers in identifying and addressing fish shortage using Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning (DL). Policymakers can achieve this objective with the help of biologists and experts working in the field of AI. Presently, manual identification methods are still utilized in fish breeding, however, aquaculture is the only sector where the use of DL is increasing rapidly. For this, marine biologists and ichthyologists must have a precise taxonomy of fish species, if they intend to understand fish behavior deeply. Most current algorithms are designed to recognize fish in dry environments due to various challenges, such as background noise, picture distortion, the existence of other water bodies in images, low image quality, and occlusion. Due to the rapid growth of DL, the use of computer vision in agriculture and farming to generate agricultural intelligence has become a current hotspot in the field of research. Automatic classification of fish is severely limited by the inability to reliably distinguish between different fish species and taxonomic groups. Once the data is split into a "train" and "test" set, the former's features may be retrieved. Layer-specific feature extraction was performed for the current study. Subsequently, the model was trained using AlexNet and several machine-learning classification methods were compared to improve the classification accuracy. To demonstrate the use of DL in order to address the extinction of fisheries in Pakistan, a dataset of different types of fish was used, taken from Kaggle which measured 541MB. After choosing the dataset, AlexNet was used for the classification and to split the data into test (70%) and train data (30%). Afterwards, the features of train data were extracted on layers and AlexNet was used to train the model. Later, different machine learning classification algorithms were used to find the best classification accuracy, which may help to identify the fish breeds that are facing the threat of extinction. Moreover, policymakers may use the results to formulate policies in order to address the problem.
Analysis of the Education Policies of Pakistan: Identifying Factors Behind its Shortcomings and Failure to Achieve Goals
Authors: Tasleem Zerish , Tasleem Zermina
Published: January 2025

Education is critical for personal and national development, influencing economic growth, social progress, and cultural preservation. Since gaining independence in 1947, Pakistan has worked to establish an effective education system, yet literacy rates remain low. Early efforts, such as the 1947 National Education Conference, were hampered by the challenges of post-partition circumstances. Currently, Pakistan's education system confronts a number of issues, including limited finance, poor educational quality, socio-cultural hurdles, and major urban-rural inequities. Understanding these concerns is vital for understanding the continued struggles to meet educational needs. Data for this study was collected from secondary sources. It concluded that significant obstacles to educational policy include socio-cultural barriers, poor quality of education, inadequate funding, and inconsistent policy implementation. The findings underscore the need for evidence-based strategies and comprehensive reforms to address these issues effectively. This research contributes to the broader discourse on educational policy by highlighting actionable recommendations and proposing a framework for successful policy development and implementation, ultimately aiming to enhance the quality and equity of education in Pakistan.
Improving Leadership Decision-Making (LDM) through Knowledge Management (KM) in Public Sector (PS) of Pakistan
Authors: Salam Muhammad Abdus , Haq Naveed ul
Published: January 2025

The current study aimed to identify the existing leadership decision-making (LDM) in the public sector (PS) of Pakistan along with its role, barriers, constraints, and issues. Thereafter, the study attempted to examine the application of knowledge management (KM) principles and techniques for the augmentation of LDM to enhance the overall efficacy of PS. The study was qualitative in nature and comprised rigorous literature review and examination of archival records of  PS in Pakistan. Additionally, it also analyzed the personal insights and reflections from the PS of Pakistan. The findings revealed that the field is in embryonic stage and requires extensive research in qualitative as well as quantitative domain. There is even a lack of basic awareness pertaining to KM and its subfields encompassing tacit knowledge, explicit knowledge, and phronesis. However, the growth of private sector and the role of key decisions taken by the leadership in shaping their sustainable success is a prime lesson to be learnt by the PS in terms of adoption of KM for better decision-making (DM). Moreover, the study also  focused on the development of a model by modifying an existing DM organizational model presented in 2017. However, generalizability could be an issue, since this study was conducted based on the personal reflections of the researcher. Additionally, empirical validation, quantitative, longitudinal, cross-sectional, and case study researches may b conducted to evaluate the implications of the study. PS is considered as a non-profit organizational setup. There is a wide gap between public and private sector due to the difference in the role played by both. However, a number of practices can be adopted interchangeably to improve and enhance the existing capabilities which in case of PS include governance, compliance, and citizen satisfaction. The current study provided theoretical insights into how KM models, themes, and practices can be applied for the improvement of DM in the PS. The model presented was novel and an addition to the existing body of knowledge.
Normal Pregnancy Clinical Guidelines: New Version
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dobrokhotova Yu.E. , Kuznetsov P.A. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dzhokhadze L.S. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bobrova V.A. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

n February 2024, the MOH Scientific and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health approved a new version of the Normal Pregnancy Clinical
Guidelines. A Pregravid Preparation section was added to the Guidelines. This event of utmost importance will provide development of a pre-
pregnancy examination program based on the document. Other sections of the Guidelines were slightly amended. In particular, gestational
age calculation approaches were modified; some testings were excluded from the pregnancy examination (the recommendations no longer
include a coagulogram) but others, on the contrary, were added. New recommendations have appeared for referrals to specialists. Every
pregnant woman must now visit a perinatal psychologist twice during pregnancy. In the third trimester, a mandatory ultrasound examination
has reappeared, but the timing has shifted to 34–36 weeks. Changes have been made to the indications for prescribing vitamins. Clarifications
have also been added to the "Vaccination" section. In our paper, we will analyze the document amendments and discuss their significance.
KEYWORDS: pregravid preparation, normal pregnancy, VTEC, screening, US, prevention, cervix, premature birth, prenatal screening.
FOR CITATION: Dobrokhotova Yu.E., Kuznetsov P.A., Dzhokhadze L.S., Bobrova V.A. Normal Pregnancy Clinical Guidelines: New Version.
Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2024;7(4):296–301 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2024-7-4-1
Gestational hyperglycemia and perinatal outcomes
Authors:   Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Shaposhnikova E.V. , Mentsik M.M. ,   I.S. Berzon Krasnoyarsk Interregional City Hospital No. 20, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Gol'tsman E.V. ,   I.S. Berzon Krasnoyarsk Interregional City Hospital No. 20, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Medzhidli E.Sh. ,   Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

Background: Increased number of pregnant women with carbohydrate metabolism disorders is associated with newly implemented reference
intervals for normoglycemia, older age of patients and prevalence of concomitant comorbidities among them. Diabetic fetopathy (DF) leads to
adverse perinatal outcomes and neonatal complications.
Aim: to evaluate perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and gestational DM (GDM) complicated by DF.
Materials and Methods: labor and delivery medical records were retrospectively analyzed in 570 patients with carbohydrate metabolism
disorders such as type 1 DM (n=30) and GDM (n=540) among which neonatal DF was diagnosed in 10 (33.3%, type 1 DM group) and 34 (6.3%,
GDM group) patients, respectively (OR=7.44, 95% CI: 3.23–17.15).
Results: early delivery (at 360–366 weeks) was performed in 3 (30%) and 4 (11.8%) patients of the type 1 DM and the GDM groups, respectively
(OR=3.21, 95% CI: 0.58–17.74). During the neonatal period, newborns of the type 1 DM and the GDM groups demonstrated cephalohematoma
(1 [10%] vs. 2 [5.9%], respectively) and clavicle fracture (2 [20%] vs. 1 [2.9%], respectively). Perinatal damage of the central nervous system
was diagnosed in 3 (30%) and 1 (2.9%) neonates in the type 1 DM and the GDM groups, respectively (p<0.05). 6 (60%) and 6 (17.7%) neonates
of the type 1 DM and the GDM groups, respectively, were transferred to the Pediatric Department (p<0.05).
Conclusion: among patients with type 1 DM, signs of neonatal diabetic fetopathy are more common complicating the course of the early
neonatal period and requiring further treatment and rehabilitation.
KEYWORDS: pregnancy, hyperglycemia, gestational diabetes mellitus, delivery, diabetic fetopathy, perinatal outcomes.
FOR CITATION: Shaposhnikova E.V., Mentsik M.M., Gol'tsman E.V., Medzhidli E.Sh. Gestational hyperglycemia and perinatal outcomes.
Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2024;7(4):302–306 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2024-7-4-2
Formalización y crecimiento de micronegocios en Colombia: relación con el acceso al crédito desde una perspectiva formal/informal, de género y regional
Authors: Tobar-Cruz John Sebastian , Ruiz-Martínez Carlos Alberto
Published: January 2025

Este trabajo explora la relación entre el acceso al crédito y la formalización y el crecimiento de los micronegocios en Colombia. Se utilizan datos de la Encuesta a Micronegocios (EMICRON) del DANE para el periodo 2019-2022, junto con la metodología de Propensity Score Matching y modelos de elección binaria para examinar esta interacción. Los resultados destacan que el acceso al crédito se relaciona de manera positiva y significativa con el crecimiento y la formalización de los micronegocios en las cuatro dimensiones estudiadas: entrada, insumos, producción y tributaria. El análisis incluye una distinción entre créditos otorgados por entidades formales e informales, revelando que los micronegocios con acceso a crédito formal presentan una mayor propensión a la formalización y un crecimiento más pronunciado en comparación con aquellos que acceden a crédito a través de entidades informales. Además, al examinar según el sexo del propietario/a, los micronegocios liderados por mujeres con acceso a crédito formal logran mejores resultados en formalización y crecimiento que los liderados por hombres. Por último, el análisis a nivel departamental revela notables variaciones en los resultados, destacando las disparidades económicas y sociales entre las diversas áreas del país.
Improving Financial Technology-Based Financial Behavior Capabilities in Jayapura City and Jayapura Regency MSMEs
Authors:   University of Cenderawasih, Indonesia, Sesa Pascalina V. S. , Kambuaya Maylen K. P. ,   University of Cenderawasih, Indonesia, Larasati Rudiawie ,   University of Cenderawasih, Indonesia, Wonar Klara ,   University of Cenderawasih, Indonesia
Published: January 2025

This study assesses how financial technology (fintech) has helped MSMEs in Jayapura City and Jayapura Regency improve their financial behavior. This study used a quantitative methodology with associative and moderation techniques to gather data via questionnaires, which WarpPLS was then used to analyze. The study's findings demonstrate that financial behavior, which aids in cash flow management and guards against mistakes that could result in bankruptcy, is significantly influenced by financial literacy. Furthermore, MSME entrepreneurs' good financial behavior is positively influenced by personality traits like thoroughness and openness, particularly regarding capital management and investment decisions. Fintech, however, cannot moderate the relationship between financial behavior and financial literacy because these digital tools cannot close the knowledge gaps in finance that must be addressed to make wise financial decisions. Similarly, personality traits like neuroticism and extroversion influence an individual's financial behavior more than technology use. Therefore, fintech cannot moderate the association between financial personality and behavior. These results can guide local governments and universities in offering financial management and digital training to MSME actors, boosting regional financial inclusion
Determinants of Cash Holding: A Study on Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2021
Authors:   Proklamasi 45 University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Hikmah Khoirul , Prastiwi Puri ,   Proklamasi 45 University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Kusumawati Diana Anggraini ,   Proklamasi 45 University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: January 2025

This research analyzes the influence of COVID-19, leverage, growth opportunity, net working capital (NWC), dividend, and profitability toward cash holding. The population used is all manufacturing companies recorded on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) for 2018- 2021. Purposive sampling combined with non-probability sampling was used to determine the research sample, which consisted of 69 manufacturing companies. The research hypothesis was tested using the panel data regression analysis method, namely the Random Impact Model. The research results show that COVID-19, growth opportunity, leverage, NWC, dividend, and profitability impact cash holding. At the same time, it was partially found that COVID-19 had an impact on cash holding, leverage had a significant adverse effect on cash holding, growth opportunity had a negative impact on cash holding, NWC and dividends had an insignificant negative impact on cash holding, and profitability has no significant favorable influence on cash holding. Leverage has a substantial detrimental effect on cash holdings, which suggests that businesses with high levels of leverage are at risk of having liquidity issues. Policymakers may consider providing guidelines or support mechanisms for manufacturing firms to strengthen their financial resilience during uncertain periods
Alternative Community Empowerment Program as an Effort to Improve Street Vendors Empowerment in Jayapura City
Authors:   Cenderawasih University, Maga La , Indahyani Rachmaeny ,   Cenderawasih University
Published: January 2025

The economic recession triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted street vendors (PKL), heightening the economic burden on families despite government social assistance efforts. This study aims to formulate an effective street vendor empowerment program in Jayapura City. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method with the ExpertChoice 11 software, the research involved several relevant agencies as respondents. The findings indicate that the main obstacle to empowering street vendors is their low business management ability, driven by the underutilization of training institutions. This limitation also contributes to weak innovation capabilities and the uniformity of products offered by street vendors. Moreover, the incomplete street vendor database exacerbates the issue by hindering targeted interventions. The proposed empowerment program emphasizes improving innovation and business management skills through education and training, which can be implemented using micro, mezzo, or macro approaches. The mezzo approach, in particular, is highlighted as a suitable framework for addressing the identified challenges. This study highlights the need for more intensive, persuasive efforts by the Jayapura City government to increase participation in empowerment initiatives while encouraging street vendors to independently enhance their skills and innovate to improve the competitiveness and diversity of their products.
The Influence of Service Failure on Mobile Banking Usage and Its Relation to User Satisfaction
Authors:   Telkom University, Sugiono Ovio Destiana , Dewi Citra Kusuma ,   Telkom University, Madiawati Putu Nina ,   Telkom University
Published: January 2025

The explosive expansion of the internet has changed the way banks communicate with their clients. MyBCA, a mobile banking (m-banking) application, is designed to meet the needs of customers who prefer banking from home. This study aims to analyze the impact of m-banking service failures on MyBCA user adoption and satisfaction. 390 respondents participated in this quantitative study, with data analysis using SMARTPLS 3.1. Results show that m-banking adoption is significantly affected by functional, system, information, and service failures. In addition, the use of m-banking was also found to have a significant influence on use satisfaction towards m-banking. Despite functional failures, users still use m-banking frequently. System failures, such as technical glitches, have a significant impact on usage. In contrast, information failures have less impact than other failures. Service failures, such as transaction errors, also have a major impact on usage. This study uses MBFM to analyze the interrelationships between service failures, m-banking adoption, and user satisfaction, providing important insights for the future development of m-banking services. The results of this study can be used as a basis for designing more targeted service quality improvement strategies, with a priority on improving the core features that are most frequently used by users
EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTHOCYANIN AS A HEPATOPROTECTOR: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Amanda Putri Khairunnisa Rizqika , Lusiana Evi , Theodorus  , Rosdah Ayeshah Augusta , Harahap Debby Handayati , Larasati Veny
Published: January 2025

Exposure to free radicals can cause hepatotoxicity in liver cells. Hepatoprotectors are needed to prevent free radicals. The flavonoid group anthocyanin compounds, which give many plants purple, blue, and red colors, have antioxidant activity as hepatoprotectors. This study uses a systematic literature review to review the effectiveness of various plants containing anthocyanins as hepatoprotectors. Articles were searched using Google Scholar, PubMed, and NCBI with keywords such as "Anthocyanin compounds and Hepatoprotective effects" that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results obtained from 7 review articles show that several plants contain anthocyanins, such as bilberry and blackberry, Rosella, purple cabbage, butterfly pea flower, Aronia melanocarpa Elliot (AMA), red cabbage, and radish. The mechanisms in plants containing anthocyanins as hepatoprotective include antioxidant activity, inhibition of cytochrome enzymes, inhibition of inflammation, protein expression, and modulation of the apoptotic signal pathway. This review concludes that plants containing anthocyanins are effective as natural hepatoprotectors with various mechanisms.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING METFORMIN IN AGING RELATED DISEASES
Authors: Muhammad Tola Sakura , MH Faradz Sultana , Handoyo Utomo Ahmad Rusdan , Mustofa Samsul
Published: January 2025

This review aimed to explore the anti-aging effects of metformin, which lowers glucose, slows down cell aging through regulating intracellular signaling molecules and activating AMPK, and protects against aging-related diseases. The activation of AMPK by Metformin allows it to control inflammatory conditions, improve oxidative status, regulate differentiation pathways of various cells, and ultimately provide positive therapeutic effects on these cells. Metformin plays a role in several cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, cancer, and fragile X syndrome by improving several parameters in some of these disease conditions. Metformin provides benefits in aging-related diseases, but further studies with various methods and samples are needed to assess the effectiveness and consider the side effects of metformin in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, as well as involving genetic factors associated with metformin.
MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDER ASSOCIATED WITH DEVICE USAGE AT THE TEACHER PROFESSION
Authors: Septadina Indri Seta , Wardiansah  , Fatimah Nyimas , Fitri Agita Diora
Published: January 2025

. One of the most common diseases in workers is musculoskeletal disorders. where the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in teachers is around 39% to 95%. Most teachers experience chronic musculoskeletal disorders and subjective complaints, one of which is pain in the upper limbs.  Some studies show the relationship between gadgets and user posture can cause discomfort and fatigue in the hands, elbows, and shoulders. This article discuss about the use of gadgets in an unergonomic position often results in musculoskeletal complaints. Static loading by holding handheld devices or gadgets for long periods, often with unergonomic postures and excessive use of muscles in the upper limbs, is likely to contribute to myofascial pain syndrome in the muscles of the hands and arms, resulting in pain in the upper limbs.