bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variant of plasmablastic microlymphoma in Castleman disease: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Artom Nathan , Brignone Marcello , Paris Luca , Garlaschelli Anna Lisa , Cavaliere Marina , Michelis Gian Luca , Venturino Claudia , Ardoino Silvia , Venturino Ezio , Gnerre Paola , Tassara Rodolfo
Published: December 2018

Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder also known as angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia or giant lymph node hyperplasia. CD can be unicentric CD (UCD) or multicentric CD (MCD). MCD affects more than one group of lymph nodes and/or lymphoid tissues and it is frequently associated with HIV and human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) infections and, in contrast with UCD, it often results in systemic symptoms, such as fever, fatigue, anemia, inflammatory syndrome. HHV- 8-associated MCD recognizes HHV-8 as an etiopathogenetic agent and occurs generally in HIV-positive subjects. Our report describes an HHV-8 positive Castleman disease with plasmablastic microlymphoma occurring in a 51-year-old HIV seronegative woman, with a previous history of HBV infection and Kaposi’s sarcoma, who presented elevated procalcitonin levels during the acute phase of CD.
Case Report: High Mannose-Binding Lectin Serum Determined by MBL2 Genotype and Risk for Clinical Progression to Chagasic Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report of Three Patients
Authors: Cláudia Freitas Lidani Kárita , Andrade Fabiana Antunes , Kozlowski Ronaldo Kiviatcoski , Luz Paola Rosa , Messias-Reason Iara J.
Published: December 2018

Chagas disease (CD), caused by infection with the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, leads to severe cardiomyopathy in 20–30% of patients, whereas the remainder may stay asymptomatic and never develop cardiomyopathy or other clinical manifestations. The underlying cause for this variable outcome is not fully characterized, although previous studies have found high levels of circulating mannose-binding lectin (MBL) to be associated with cardiac failure echocardiographic changes. We report three indeterminate (asymptomatic) chronic Chagas patients who were followed up for 10 years. Two of these patients developed chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) during this follow-up period and, when genotyped, were found to be carriers of the high MBL producer HYPA/HYPA genotype, suggesting that genetically determined high MBL serum might be associated with the risk of CCC development. These results suggest the use of MBL quantification and MBL2 genotyping as tools for clinical assessment in patients with chronic CD.
Maternal Influenza Vaccination and the Risk of Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Among Household Contacts Under the Age of Five in Mali
Authors: Buchwald Andrea G. , Tamboura Boubou , Haidara Fadima C. , Coulibaly Flanon , Doumbia Moussa , Diallo Fatoumata , Boudova Sarah , Keita Adama M. , Sow Samba O. , Kotloff Karen , Levine Myron , Tapia Milagritos D.
Published: December 2018

Influenza transmission is increased among household contacts. Vaccination decreases transmission; however it is unclear how vaccinating a single individual alters disease risk among household contacts, particularly in regions with low vaccination coverage. Pregnant women were randomized to influenza or control vaccination. Households were visited weekly until infants born to enrolled women reached 6 months. Household contacts younger than 5 years were tested for laboratory-confirmed influenza (LCI). Incidence of LCI and rate ratios (RtR) comparing incidence between vaccine groups were calculated. The secondary infection rate (SIR) was calculated for households where LCI was detected. The H1N1 strain in the vaccine was a match for circulating H1N1 during the study, thus, all analyses were performed for H1N1-LCI and any LCI. A total of 5,345 household contacts younger than 5 years followed for a mean of 228 days (standard deviation [SD] = 45 days) experienced 2,957 influenza-like illness episodes. Incidence of any LCI and H1N1-LCI was 23 (N = 276) and 7.3 per 100,000 days (N = 89), respectively. Household contacts of women who received influenza vaccine had fewer LCI (RtR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.14) and fewer H1N1-LCI (RtR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.48, 1.11) episodes than contacts in control households. Incidence of LCI and household SIR were low in households of women enrolled in an influenza vaccine trial in Mali. Although low incidence made statistical significance difficult to detect, there was a trend for decreased rates of H1N1-LCI in households where a pregnant mother received influenza vaccination.
Etyma
Authors: Čop Bojan
Published: December 2018

Arm. azbn, gén. azbin, instr. azbamb signifie selon Ciakciak «le fila dell'ordito«, (plus tard) «liccio». Le mot est inexpliqué. Sa partie finale rappelle un autre mot arménien, à savoir skizbn, gén. skizban, instr. skzbamb »principio, origine». Celui-ci est dérivé du verbe sksanim «(in)cominciare», ce qui veut dire que la partie radicale skis- donne l'abstrait verbal au moyen d'un suffixe bizarre -bn; mais c'est Pedersen qui a éclairé d'une manière suffisante cette anomalie (KZ. 38, 217): au lieu du suffixe -mn (i.-eur. *-men-), on a par dissimilation -vn et le -v- a dû donner une occlusive derrière une sifflante, qui elle-meme est devenue sonore. De la même façon, on a fait azbn. La racine de ce mot est done à chercher dans az-.
Remarques sur un cas spécial de l'emploi des verbes vicaires faire et do en Français et en Anglais
Authors: Grad Anton
Published: December 2018

On constate en français et en anglais un fait syntactique intéressant: le parallélisme – à l'époque ancienne encore plus évident qu'à l'époque moderne – de l'emploi des verbes faire et do comme verbes vicaires (verbes de substitution, verbes suppléants); c'est ainsi qu'on trouve, en anglais moderne, les formes personnelles du verbe do, faiblement accentuées et servant à remplacer un verbe à sens plein déjà employé précédemment, p. ex. Dans les propositions comparatives, surtout celles dépourvues de complément d'objet.
Il congiuntivo nel Goldoni
Authors: Skubic Mitja
Published: December 2018

Nelle sue commeclie dialettali, Goldoni spesso ricorre al congiuntivo. La forma e tanto frequente e tanta è la coerenza nell'uso che ci testimonia della popolarita del congiuntivo nel veneziano parlato del suo tempo. E ancora non sapremmo elencarne tutte le forme, giacche, nel presente almeno, una speciale per il congiuntivo esiste quasi solo per la 3.a persona (come nell'indicativo, anche nel congiuntivo coincidono la 3.a del sg. e la 3.a del pl.). Pochi sono i verbi che mostrano una forma a parte per il congiuntivo nella La pers. sg. Citiamo dalla Casa nova: »fe conto che sia morto per vu«, I, 6; »E no le vol ehe maledissa sta casa e che diga roba de quel strambo de so fradelo«, II, 5; »se no volè che vaga, lasserò star«, II, 6; »bisognerà che dipenda da ela«, I, 6; »ghe son, bisogna che ghe staga, I, 2; »Bisognerà che m'inzegna da qualche altra banda«, I, 15. Quasi inesistente la 2.a pers. sg.; >>Siestu benedeta, dove che tu xe«, Rusteghi, II, 3. La scarsità della forma nel congiuntivo è da riconnettere alla scarsità della 2.a pers. in generale nelle commedie. Non ci sono forme del congiuntivo nel plurale: »avanti che lo spartimo, fevelo mostrare«, Baruffe, I, 5; »acciò che vegni a discreditar la mia casa«, Rusteghi, II, 3; »son vegnua a posta, acciò che parlè”, Rusteghi, III, 2.
Alberto Varvaro: Storia, problemi e metodi della linguistica romanza,
Authors: Muljačić Žarko
Published: December 2018

Taj priručnik povijesti romanske lingvistike i njenih problema i metoda ne kani zamijeniti odgovarajuće poglavlje u knjizi C. Tagliavinija, Le origini neolatine, Bologna 19644 (v. o njoj našu recenziju, Linguistica 6, 1964, str. 95-100) kako skromno ističe autor u pregovoru. S naše bismo strane dodali da je autorova namjera bila dati studentima bolji i suvremeniji pregled povijesti romanistike od Vidosova jer taj nizozemski romanist mađarskog porijekla nakon talijanskog izdanja svog priručnika (1959) nije mijenjao glavni tekst nego samo bilješke, i to nebitno (usp. španjolsko izdanje iz 1963. i njemačko iz 1968. god;). Kako povijest romanistike zaprerna u biti samo prvi dio Vidosove knjige (173 str.) a ovdje je glavna iako ne i jedina tema, to je očito da je Varvaro kvantitativno daleko ostavio iza sebe svog prethodnika. U čemu je kvalitetno bolji odnosno potpuniji, vidjet će se niže.
Alle origini della 1a Pl. Dell’indicativo presente in –iamo
Authors: Škerlj Stanko
Published: December 2018

La questione della 1. a pers. pl. dell'indicakivo presente nell'italiano (e in alcum  dialeltti italiani) è antioa  probabilmente quanto  la  morfologia storica italiana stessa. Dopo che nella III coniugazione latina l'accento sulla terzultima (véndimus) aveva ceduto  alia pressione che Ie altre tre  coniu­ gazioni  (cantámus, habémus, dormímus), unanimi, esercitavano su  di esso (véndimus > vendímus, o piuttosto vendémus), i punti dd. partenza, per la formazione delle forme romanze, erano cantámu, abému  (e vendému), dor­mímu. Infatti, molti dialetti italiani e anche alcuni della Toscana, fino a oggi mostrano esiti foneticamente normali, provenienti direttamente da quelle originarie forme latine; così, a modo d'esempio, Pracchia (provincia di Prato) ha: cantamo, vendemo, dormimo; l'isola d'Elba: passamo, scendemo, venimo; e similmente nelle Marche, nell'Umbria e altrove (cf. Rohlfs, Histor. Gram­ matik der italienischen Sprache  II, § 530). Anche nell'antica lingua  scritta di molte regioni della stessa Toscana, cosi nei testi antichi di Pisa e di Lucca, Ie forme »regolari«  non sono  rare; e distinguono le tre forme Guittone e Ristoro d'Arezzo. - Invece la desinenza in -iamo prevale, soprattutto nella I e nella IV coniugazd.one, in altrd. testi  toscand. fin dal Duecento; a poco apoco, rna abbastanza presrto, essa si è insediata, come desinenza unica della 1. a pl. di tutte Ie ooniugazioni - anche di quella in -ere, la più resistente - nella lingua latteraria.
Zu ein paar glottogonischen fallen
Authors: Čop Bojan
Published: December 2018

Glottogonische Spekulationen gëhoren natürlicherweise zu denjenigen sprachwissenschaftlichen Betätigungen, die am wenigsten Aufsehen erregen, da ja hier die heisseste Phantasie ohne Zügel am Werke sein kann. Doch wie ein lateinisches Wort mit Hilfe eines anderen Iateinischen Wortes ety­ mologisch erklärt werden kann, wenn die Verhältnisse genügend günstig sind, so kann man auch auf dem Gebiet der indogermanischen Ursprache weiter in die Vergangenheit der Wörter vordringen, wenn sich passende Vergleiche bieten und auch sonst bekannte Typen in der Wortbildung und Wortderivation zu Rate gezogen werden. Mit aller Vorsicht versuche ich unten auch ein paar solche »glottogonische« Schritte zu tun.
Contributi alla sintassi del verbo nei dialetti veneti
Authors: Mitja Skubic Mitja Skubic
Published: December 2018

A distanza di più di cento anni dal Goldoni, il teatro veneziano trova un altro genio, Giacinto Gallinar La lingua delle sue commedie, certo meno brillanti di quelle goldoniane, e piil penetrate da un realismo, crudo, a volte amaro, sembra rispecchiare assai fedelmente il veneziano parlato nella se­ conda metà del secolo scorso; il dialogo vi e spontaneo e vivo, le battute rieccheggiano spesso la parlata popolare.
Soprannomi nella parlata veneta di Pirana
Authors: Skubic Mitja
Published: December 2018

Mettere un soprannomme a una persona è un costume generale: come se nome e cognome non bastassero per individuarla. A Pirano, poi, questa usanza è costante sia che il soprannome continui ad esistere accanto al cognome sia che esso si sostituisca al cognome assurnendone la funzione.l Quest'uso risulta, del resto, comprensibile se teniamo presente che molte famiglie piranesi portavano lo stesso cognome e il soprannome era quindi il mezzo per distinguerle tra di loro; i Viezzoli, ad es., erano Viezzoli-Baldini, -Dardi, -Lepo, -Mordadel, -Napoli, -Scagazo, -Inlaponta, eoc., e i Fonda erano Fonda-Barboio, -Bebo, -Ciupa, -Gazeta, -Masuco, -Petito, -Sbrisa, ecc.
Carducci e il linguaggio poetico tradizionale
Authors: Klajn Ivan
Published: December 2018

È indubbio che Giosue Carducci si trova a una svolta nello sviluppo del linguaggio poetico italiano. Prima di lui, alla conclusione del regno più che quadrisecolare della lingua petrarchesco-bembiana, i primi romantici avevano proclamato la necessità di rinnovare, fra l'altro, anche illinguaggio della poesia. Ma il peso della tradizione era troppo grande perché essi, con le loro modeste personalità poetiche, potessero attuiue un vero sovvertimento. Il Berchet adoperò qualche parola non ammessa nel lessico poetico più tradizionalista, ma il fondo del suo linguaggio rimase decisamente aulico, con speme, desire, pièta, veglio, assiso, diè, sieno, fea, mancâr, seguio, rimanmi, nosco, il difende, ei preferse e simili anticaglie. Nel Prati, gli elementi nuovi stonano ancora di più contro lo sfondo tradizionale; l'Aleardi, poi, «segna un netto ritorno alla tradizionne”. La generazione successiva al Carducci, invece, è dominata dal Pascoli, nella cui poesia non rimangono che rare tracce degli arcaismi creditati. Anche per ragioni cronologiche, quindi, calcolando una specie di media aritmetica, potremmo aspettarci di trovare nella lingua del maremmano una uguale mescolanza del vecchio e del nuovo.
Tracce dell’Antico dialetto Veneto di Pirano
Authors: Cortelazzo Manlio
Published: December 2018

Il Comitato dell'Atlante Linguistico Mediterraneo (ALM), dopo aver accettato d'includere nel piano dei suoi lavori un'inchiesta presso i pe­ scatori di lingua slovena di S. Croce di Trieste (Sv. Križ pri Trstu) - inchiesta egregiamente compiuta tra il 1966 ed il 1967 da T. Logar e S. Škerlj nel quadro dei rilievi per un grande atlante linguistico slo­ veno -, ha aderito anche alla proposta parallela di allargare le inchieste italiane, aggiungendo alla rete precedentemente stabilita un punto sulla costa istriana. La scelta è caduta su Pirano (Piran) per due motivi: la sua dislocazione geografica, come ultimo porto meridionale dell'area slovena, e la sua fisionomia dialettale, abbozzata dall'Ascoli (1873), illustrata fin dal 1900 dall'Ive, che includeva il piranese fra I dialetti ladino-veneti dell'Istria, esemplificata dal Parenzan attraverso 24 sonetti in vernacolo (il titolo della raccoltina - Del dialetto di Pirano. Saggio di Pietro Parenzan riveduto e annotato dal Conte Nicodemo Ton, Trieste, 1901 - non inganni) e indirettamente descritta dallo Scheuer­ meier, che visitò la cittadina nel maggio del1922 per l'AIS (punto n. 368), e dal Pellis con una larga inchiesta diretta nel suo territorio (precisamente a Sicciole di Pirano), condotta nel 1926 e nel 1928 per l'Atlante Linguistico Italiano (ALI).
Ancora sull’Atlante linguistico Balcanico
Authors: Deanović Mirko
Published: December 2018

Oltre alla ricca e ben nota attività nel campo della sintassi e della storia letteraria il festeggiato Maestro Stanko Škerlj ha acquistato in tempi pin recenti meriti particolari anche nell'ambito della geografia linguistica. Infatti, negli anni 1966 e 1967, insieme al collega Tine Logar, egli ha effettuato un'inchiesta per l' Atlante Linguistico M editerraneo ( ALM) nella localita di Santa Croce di Trieste (Sveti Križ pri Trstu), piccolo porto abitato da pescatori parlanti lm dialetto sloveno. Così, per merito suo, anche codesto punto d'inchiesta, l'unico di lingua slava in Italia, poté entrare nel citato Atlante (col numero 79). In tal modo Stanko Škerlj è venuto ad aggiungersi alla shiera dei collaboratori e a far parte del Comitato per l'ALM, di cui il primo volume dei quattro previsti uscira nel 1974 a Firenze. Per merit di Škerlj dunque viene così arricchito il quadro sinottico del lessico marittimo slavo sulle coste dell'Adriatico e del Mar Nero, che comprende ora le nomenclature slovena e .serbo­ croata, bulgara e ucraina.
L' assonance trasitoire dans le pèlerinage de Charlemagne et dans le cantar de mio cid
Authors: Drašković Vlado
Published: December 2018

Il arrive dans la poésie médiévale, française et espagnole, que le premier vers d'une laisse maintienne I'assonance de la laisse qui précède. Parfois, mais plus rarement, le cas est inverse: le vers final d'une laisse annonce l'assonance de la laisse qui suit. Ce phénomène, que nous appellerons laisse transitoire, est considéré comme nne des irrégularités métriques et les éditeurs ont, le plus souvent, recours à des corrections plus on mains notables. Que gagne-t-on par leurs corrections? Ou plutôt: qu'est-cequ'on y perd? C'est précisément ce que nons voudrions montrer en relevant tons les exemples du phénomène dans les deux oeuvres mentionnées ci-dessus.
Slovenačke leksičke posuđenice u Istrorumunskom
Authors: Flora Radu
Published: December 2018

Istrorumunski- naučni naziv za govore tzv. Rument, Ćića, Vlaha, Ćiribiraca na poluotoku Istri; sa lokalitetima gde se još uvek upotrebljavaju ovi govori, makar i kao familijarni: Žejane, severno od Rijeke, i u dolini reke Raše, u podnožju Učke, Šušnjevica, Nova Vas, ]esenovik, Brdo (difuzno naselje) i Letaj- privlačio je oduvek pažnju romanista, specijalno rumunista, nažalost manje slavista. To je, već čitav vek, jezička enklava, u stvari poslednji ostaci razhijenih srednjevekovnik Vlaha, koja nikad nije brojala više od nekoliko hiljada stanovnika, - danas svega nekih oko hiljadu i nešto govornika ovog dijalekta, - ali koja pruža vanredne mogućnosti za proučavanje bilingvizma i njegovih višestrukih aspekata, sa širokim mogućnostima transponovanja na planu opšte lingvistike.
K etimologiji slovenske bsede križ
Authors: Grad Anton
Published: December 2018

Da je treba iskati izvor za slovensko besedo križ - kot tudi za hrv. križ, češ. križ in poljski krzyž (1) - v latinski besedi cruce(m), acc. sg. od crux, je ugotovil že Miklošič EW 141; toda medtem ko je bil Miklošič mnenja, da slovanski refleksi latinske besede cruce(m) temelje na stvn. chruzi, chriuze (9. stoletje) kot posredniku med latinsko besedo in slovanskimi njenimi refleksi, so drugi lingvisti (2) rajši mislili na romansko, specialno ladinsko (retoromansko) posredovanje, in to iz razloga, da iz stvn. chruzi ni razložljiv ž v besedi križ. Tako Berneker, l. c., upravičeno pripominja, da pot izposoditve še ni točno ugotovljena niti niso glasovne razmere oziroma glasovni razvoji še popolnoma jasni; Bartolijeva hipoteza, l. c., ki skuša najti osnovo za križ v beneško-ladinski polliterarni besedi kruz (<lat. crucem), ki bi sama bila rezultat križanja ljudske oblike krož (< croce < cruce) in cerkvenega latinizma kruks (< crux), bi sicer Bernekerju pojasnila slovanske glasovne reflekse v križ, vendar se mu zdi taka razlaga premalo zanesljiva in malo verjetna.
Sur l' origine de la formule Co poise moi en ancien francais
Authors: Grad Anton
Published: December 2018

On sait que l'ancien français faisait un emploi des verbes impersonnels bien plus fréquent que la langue modeme, montrant, sous cet égard aussi, un état de choses qui ne différait pas beaucoup de celui du latin. C'est ainsi que, pour la catégorie des verbes exprimami un mouvement do l'âme, la vieille langue disposait de toute une série de verbes impersonnels dont la plupart sont inconnus à l'usage moderne et dont voici quelques exemples.
Johannes Hubschmid, Schläuche und Fässer. Wort- und sachgeschichtliche Untersuchungen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des romanischen Sprachgutes in und ausserhalb der Romania sowie der türkisch-europäischen und türkischkaukasisch- persischen Lehnbeziehun
Authors: Bezlaj F.
Published: December 2018

C'est dans le bref espace de sept ans que Hubschmid, par une série de monographies et d'essais, s'est rangé parmi les plus remarquables paléontologues de la linguistique romane. Il s'est voué aux recherches de la stratigraphie du vocabulaire roman: la nature de son travail exige, cependant, qu'il touche tout autour dans les domaines très lointains des autres langues. Ses premières études consacrées principalement au substrat de mots préromans lui ont souvent offert l'occasion d'attirer l'attention sur les reliquats préslaves en slovène et, dans une certaine mesure en serbo-croate. Actuellement il a également étendu sa sphère d'activité jusqu'aux emprunts de civilisation. Sa première étude de cette espèce fut Haustiernamen und Lockrufe dans Vox Rom. XIV, 184—203, où il a traité de plusieurs mots slaves des Balkans qui font partie de cette catégorie de mots. Ses matériaux pourraient être considérablement complétés. Outre le mot suisse lōbe, lōbeli »appel aux vaches« et l'alb. lopë < *lāpa ou *lēpa, je vais citer aussi le slov. laba. »nom de vache« (Pleteršnik I, 494), serbocr. labo »nom de boeuf« (ARj V. 860) et le slov. kūcek, сūсек, kucin, kūček »chien«, etc. C'est aussi duns Schläuche und Fässer qu'il apporte quelques éléments complémentaires à cette catégorie. A cause du got. hakuls etc. (Berneker, SEW I, 593) et des vieux dérivés du type kozel »bouc«, v. norr. hôken »chevreau« il est impossible de dériver si. koza »chèvre« des mots ayant une forme semblable dans certaines langues orientales, p. ex. bachkir. käzä »chèvre«, comme le croyaient certains anciens chercheurs. Hubschmid, qui suit ces mots loin en Asie, juge, au contraire, que le point de départ commun germano-slave *kag'a est une vieille variante des appels de berger du type kač — kac dont s'est développé le mot pour la chèvre dans beaucoup de langues et qui sont d'usage aussi chez les Slaves, serbocr. kec, keca, bulg. kič-kič, kăču-kăču, kači-kači. Je serais d'avis que de toutes les opinions touchant l'étvmologie de ce mot slave difficile celle de Hubschmid est la plus acceptable. Il est intéressant que le vieux mot i.-e. oriental pour 'la chèvre *ag'i-, qui a été rencontré dans ce sens en indoiranien, en balto-slaye et en alnanais (Porzig, Die Gliederung 181) v. sl. (j)azno «peau, cuir» ne s'est conservé jusqu'à nos jours qu'en slov. aževina «déchets de tannage» (Pleteršnik I, 7).
Prispevek k problemu sonorizacije latinskih intervokaličnih konzonantov
Authors: Grad Anton
Published: December 2018

Sonorizacija latinskih intervokaličnih konzonantov je eden najznačilnejših glasovnih pojavov vulgarne latinščine, ki razdeli Romani jo v dva dela: zahodno Romanijo, ki obsega Iberski polotok, Galijo in vso severno Italijo (tudi z retoromanskimi govori), kjer je sonorizacija bila povsod izvedena, ter vzhodno Romanijo, zajemajočo Korziko, Sardinijo, srednjo ter južno Italijo in Balkan, ki v tem pogledu ostanejo konservativni (primere glej v francoskem delu članka!). Medtem ko je meja med severno Italijo (z izvedeno sonorizacijo) ter ostalo (konservativno) Italijo precej točno označena s črto Spezia—Rimini, pa ta meja — kot to še prav pred kratkim omenja tudi Wartburg, Die Ausgliederung der romanischen Sprachrüume, Bern 1950, p. 32 — ni točneje znana med severno Italijo in konservativnim Balkanom oziroma vzhodnimi pokrajinami, to je, ne vemo, do kam je ta važna vulgarnolatinska glasovna inovacija, katere začetki segajo v 3., konec pa v 6. stoletje, prodrla iz severne Italije proti vzhodu na ozemlje tedanjih rimskih provinc lllyricum, Pannonia in Noricum. Na podlagi nekaterih, žal, redkih slovenskih toponimov in hidronimov romanskegaali predromanskega izvora skuša avtor prikazati, da je ta meja potekala prav preko današnjega slovenskega ozemlja: v Posočju dokazujejo imena, kot Kobarid < *Capretum, *Ca(r)pretum, *Cavaretum. Sužid < *Salicetu. *Saxetu, Modreja < *Matreia, morda tudi Čadra < *Catlhedra, *Cataractes in Kreda < *(terra)creta, da so Slovenci ob svojem prihodu v te kraje proti koncu VI. stoletja oziroma kasneje našli sonorizacijo izvedeno; nasprotno pa krajevna imena, kot Logatec < Longatici, Trojane < *Atrante ter Ptuj < Poetovio ter slično na Koroškem Beljak < *Biliacum, Betràv < ilir. *Vetrona v Ziljski dolini ter nem. Zettin < slov. Cetinje < predromansko *Kaitônia, kažejo na ohranjene nezvočne intervokalične konzonante. Redka geografska imena romanskega izvora vzhodno od črte Beljak—Rijeka bi dala sklepati, da je roinanizacija na tem ozemlju bila šibka, tako v Noriku kot Iliriku in Panoniji; močnejša romanizacija in z njo vred tudi naša glasovna inovacija bi se bila torej zaustavila ob Karnijskih Alpah na severu ter pred vzhodnimi obronki Julijskih Alp in njih južnih podaljškov na vzhodu. Za Istro pa bi krajevna imena Koper < Caprae, Capris, Kršikla < *Carsic(u)la ter Pičan < Pétena dokazovala, da so Slovani ob svojem prvem prihodu na to ozemlje tudi naleteli na še ohranjene intervokalične tenues; sonorizacija, ki jo danes najdemo v še ohranjenem staroistrskem romanskem jeziku, je torej kasnejšega datuma. Podrobneje glej v francoskem delu članka.
Remarques sur la chronologie de la palatalisation des occlusives velaires c, g devant a en frioulan
Authors: Grad Anton
Published: December 2018

A côté de la palatalisation des occlusives vélaires c, g devant e, i, connue à presque toutes les langues romanes et, par conséquent, remontant à l'époque du latin vulgaire, une partie, assez étendue, de la Romania connaît aussi la palatalisation de ces mêmes consonnes devant la voyelle a, à savoir le Nord de la France (le picard et le normand exceptés), le Sud-Est de la France (les parlers franco-provençaux) et les parlers rhétoromans; dans ces derniers, la palatalisation a été sujette à certaines conditions2 et a abouti, souvent, à des résultats différant de ceux de la palatalisation en Gaule.
Sumerian Proverbs. Glimpses of Everyday Life in Ancient Mesopotammia. By Edmund I. Gordon with a chapter by Thorkild Jacobsen. (Museum Monographs. Published by The University ivrus,eum. University of Pennsylvania.) Philadelphia 1959, 7,50. XXVI + 556 str.
Authors: Korošec Viktor
Published: December 2018

Stari pregovori in reki so dragocene priče ljudske modrosti in ljudskega naziranja o življenju in družbi. Posebno priljubljeni so bili na Starem vzhodu. Tako so pri Egipčanih nastali obširni "modrostni spisi". biblija ima posebno knjigo Pregovorov (Mišle Šelomo). Zelo razširjeni so pa bili tudi pri starih Sumercih. Njihovi pisarji so v mestih Nippurju, Uru (in najbrž tudi drugod) sestavljali cele zbirke takih rekov. Navadno so to kratka pravila, življenjske maksime, včasih samoumevne resnice, včasih kratke, nekoliko sarkastične zgodbice.
Contibution a la syntaxe des pronoms personnels sujets en ancient Français
Authors: Grad Anton
Published: December 2018

On sait que le français moderne est une des langues où le verbe, dépourvu d'un sujet nominal, doit s'accompagner du pronom personnel sujet; l'origine de cet emploi - étranger à la langue latine, ainsi qu'à la majorité des autres langues romanes' - a intéressé plusieurs éminents romanistes qui, toutefois, ne sont pas d'accord sur les causes de l'origine de cet emploi.
Remarques sur n'avoir pas un sou vaillant
Authors: Regula M.
Published: December 2018

Dans un article paru dans la Zeitschrift für französische Sprache und Literatur, LVIII, S. 22-27, M. St. Lyer a tâché d'expliquer la forme et la fonction de vaillant. Comme, à notre avis, son étude a besoin d'être complétée par des exemples tout particuliers, nous nous sonimes proposé pour tâche de reprendre ce sujet.
IZ condizionale temporale nelle tre redazioni del romanzo manzoniano
Authors: Savić Momčilo D.
Published: December 2018

È noto che l'italiano, a differenza delle altre lingue neolatine occidentali, possiede due tempi per esprimere il futuro in relazione al passato: non soltanto il condizionale semplice, ma anche quello composto. Essendo il condizionale semplice un tempo che di Secolo in secolo sta perdendo terreno in quest'uso (e lo può dimostrare l'impiego più che parco che se ne fa nelle opere letterarie moderne,  nonché qualche manuale grammaticale), crediamo utile analizzare tutti i condizionali temporali (trascurando assolutamente quelli con funzione modale) nelle tre redazioni successive del romanzo manzoniano; tanto più che il Manzoni è uno scrittore che si proponeva di avvicinare la lingua letteraria a quella parlata e che molte volte anche l'italiano moderno, voiendo darsi l'approvazione di qualche costrutto sintattico, si richiama ai Promessi Sposi.
Zum gotischen gen. pl. auf-ë
Authors: Grošelj M.
Published: December 2018

Bekanntlich ist die got. Endung -ē eine Besonderheit, der in den übrigen germ. Sprachen nichts Vergleichbares gegenübersteht. Man nimmt wohl -allgemein an, dass es sich um eine innergot. Neuschöpfung handelt; auch ist eine idg. Endung des Gen. Pl. -ēm; linbelegt. Folgender Erklärungsversuch geht von der Annahme aus, dass die Triebkraft für dfese Neuschöpfupg in der Neigung zur Differenzierung des Maskulinums vom Femininum auf -ō (gibō : dagē) zu suchen ist. Diese Neigung ist besonders im Nom. und Gen. bemerkbar.
Pretérito simple y compuesto en el español hablado
Authors: Skubic Mitja
Published: December 2018

Estas líneas no pretenderi ser más que una modesta contribución a una más amplia y profunda encuesta sobre el empleo de las dos formas del pretérito en el español contemporáneo. Se trata de unas cuantas frases oídas en e1 otoño de este año en varias ciudades españolas. No he tenido en cuenta ni distinción social, ni edad. La edad se precisará sólo cuando se tratará del habla de los niños y personas jóvenes. Ninguna de las frases citadas representa la traducción 0 la respuesta a una pregunta formulada con el fin de obtener una frase con la forma verbal que nos interesa. En la mayoría de los casos, los pasajes han sido reeogidos en las conversaciones entre otras personas, y no conmigo, lo  que probablemente elimina el empleo de una de las dos formas que él que, habla considera más literaria.
Il preterito nel toscano parlato
Authors: Skubic Mitja
Published: December 2018

E' noto che l'italiano d'oggi scritto e ancor più quello parlato non si basano più esclusivame te sul toscano: l'italiano comune non è privilegio di una sola regione, ma è una lingua convenzionale, un modello al quale cerca di arrivare la lingua di una data regione, cioè quell' italiano regionale che non può celare la sua attuazione geografica.
Rupprech Rohr, Einführung in das Studium der Romanistik, Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin, 1964
Authors: Muljačić Žarko
Published: December 2018

U poslijeratno doba opaža se posvuda potreba da se studentima filoloških disciplina pruže upu te u struku koju su izabrali pa sli se tako i za pojedine romanske jezike i književnosti, i za romanistiku u cjelini pojavili u mnogim zemljama gel.je se ti predmeti uče i raznovrsni priručnici. Svima je cilj da, uz živu riječ nastavnika gornji o toj problematici nerijetko drže posebne kolegije), pomognu početnicima da se snadju u mnoštvu udžbenika i drugih knjiga te golemog broja znanstvenih priloga što izlaze u sve brojnijim časopisima u Evropi i van nje. Ako se zna da je preosjek znanja što ga tj.onose abiturijenti na ovom sektru opčenito niži nego prije tata, onda je shvatljivo da su neki autori takvih priručnika osjetili potrebu da svojim čitateljima pruže nešto više od šturih bibliografskih podataka. Stoga su mnoga djela preraslasažete, i te kako dobrodošle uvode u pojedine znanstvene discipline i njihove dijelove.
The repetition of phonemic chaeacteristics in radical morphemes in sets of synonyms from indo-european languages*
Authors: Vodušek Božo
Published: December 2018

The next two notional groups to be examined in our inquiry investigating the correlation between sound and meaning are the group narrow, knead, thick (in density), and the group touch, stretch, put. The first contains in its radical morphemes a much greater number of nasal phonemic characteristics than expected from the Representative Sample. The second one presents the case of an unusual accumulation of dental phonemic characteristics. These groups have been established by the same method of selection of synonymic sets from Buck's dictionary employed already for the groups smooth and rough, and they have also approximately the same size. The hypothesis of a physiologically founded sound symbolism has been the criterion for constituting our groups here and there. In the same way as we quoted Plato's view of a natural connection between I and smoothness and between r and roughness, we can for the sound·symbolism of dentals  appeal to the frequent - acoustically unexplained - appearing of these phonemes in the so-called »echoic« verbs and interjections for touching; striking, and falling, and on the other side to a largely accepted view of the correlation between the gesture of indicating (stretching the arm, the finger) and the use of »centrifugal« dentals in demonstrative and personal pronoums. Similarly the »centripetal« expressivity of nasals - on the physiological basis of tactile and proprioceptive sensations from the combined pressure of the muscles of (lips,) tongue and soft palate - has been repeatedly emphasized by linguists and psychologists. Darwin's observation in his treatise The expression of emotions about the involuntary accompaniment of the movements of the hands and the movements of the organs of speech can be considered as a supplementary clue of explanation being valid in both cases.
Zur hethitischen schreibung und lautung*
Authors: Čop Bojan
Published: December 2018

Mit dem Kap. D könnten wir nun unserer Untersuchung ein Ende machen; denn wir stellten fest; dass sich die Schreibungen der inlautenden hethitischen Konsonantenach nach festen Gesetzen richten, die mit der Schreibung als Kultur- und Schulphänomen überhaupt nichts zu tun haben können, da sie gerade von der phonetischen Umgebung bestimmt sind. Wenn etwas aber in der Sprache phonetisch unterbaut ist, muss selbst auch nur phonetischen Charakter und nichts anderes haben; unsere Reg eln beweisen schon selbst, dass die hethitischen Schrelibge wohnheiten von der Aussprache bestimmt waren, weiter aber, dass diese Schreibungen in der hethitischen Lautgeschichte festverwurzelt sind.
Einige slovenische und baltische lexische parallelen
Authors: Bezlaj France
Published: December 2018

Ich habe schon an anderer Stelle darauf aufmerksam gemacht, dass es im Slovenischen eine Schicht Wörter gibt, bei welchen man zwar auf eine reguläre Entwicklung den slavischen phonetischen Gesetzen gemäss schliessen kann, für welche man jedoch keine entsprechenden Reflexe in anderen slavischen Sprachen findet. Für diese Art von Archaismen stehen uns wenigstens entsprechende Parallelen in den baltischen Sprachen, im Litauischen, im Lettischen und im Altpreussischen, teilweise aber auch im Wortschatz anderer indoeuropäischer Sprachen zur Verfügung. Die älteren Forscher, die fest auf einer altslavischen Sprachgemeinschaft basierten, haben solche Möglichkeiten selbstverständlich nicht in Betracht gezogen. Deshalb sind im Slovenischen noch mehrere Tausend großtenteils dialektischer oder auch· nur historisch bezeugter. Wörter respektive Wörtergruppen übrig geblieben, die bis jetzt von der etymologischen Literatur überhaupt nicht berücksichtigt worden sind. Nach rieueren Arbeitsprinzipen muss die phonetische Analyse von einer strengen sen:iantischen Kontrolle begleitet werden, gleichzeitig jedoch müssen die Wörter auch in einem weiteren Komplex der Synonymie nnd Homonymie behandelt werden.
Beiträge zur indogermanischen Wortforschung (VII)ge zur indogermanischen Wortforschung (VII)
Authors: Čop Bojan
Published: December 2018

Ntr. »Tisch aus Rohrgeflecht (?)« = Dupl. Giš Banšur.ad.kid (s. Friedrich, Heth. Wb. 57) ist ein Wort mit Suffix -uzzi-, über dessen Funktion s. Friedrtch, Heth. El. F 39 und.Kronasser,Etym. d. heth. Spr.: II. Wortbildung des Heth. 240 f. Es bildet Nomina instrumenti, z. Teil aus Nominalstämmen; so sicher in lahhurnuzzi- »Opfertisch (??)« von lahhura »Opfertisch« (hier erweiterturn ein -n-); sonst deverbal: kuruzzi- »Schneidewerkzeug« von kuer- »schnei­ den«, warp-uzi- »Bronzegerat b. Baden<< von warp- »baden« usw.; doch ist bei kattaluzzi- »Schwelle (Unter- u. Oberschwelle)« auch an denominativen Ursprung zu denken ("'kattala- »unterer«?).
AN INQUIRY INTO THE USEFULNESS OF THE STANDARD METHODS DIRECT MICROSCOPIC COUNT1
Authors: Levowitz David
Published: December 2018

Microscopic technics are not capable of yielding “accurate numerical estimates” of the bacteria in “market grade” row milks, because of (a) the small number of cells available, and their random distribution; (b) the pattern of solids deposition and (c) the “working factors” dictated by the smear areas examined. While multiple strip viewing reduces working factors, the order of accuracy attainable is far short of that yielded by the agar plate method, and the effort which must be expended is much greater.
THE EFFECT OF MILKING PRACTICES UPON THE DETERIORATION OF MILKING MACHINE INFLATIONS
Authors: Ward Gerald M. , Elsey Virgil R. , Hurry J. A.
Published: December 2018

This research was designed to study the effects of milking practices upon the deterioration of natural rubber liners. Winter rations appear to produce a more severe rate of blistering than either summer pasture or ration.

Cleaning seemed to have little effect upon rate of blistering. Storage in 10% lye solutions increased the time to blister. Pure fatty acids were shown to produce blistering. Udder ointments and mastitis treatments used in this study had no appreciable effects on blistering of rubber.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE RISE IN BULK TANKS ON MILK QUALITY
Authors: VanDemark P. J. , March R. P.
Published: December 2018

On adding warm morning milk to cold evening milk no development of rancidity was detectable with blend temperatures of 40°F., 50°F., and 60°F., but was apparent at a maximum rise of 70°F. Under conditions simulating every-other-day pick-up no significant increase in rancidity occured on raising the blend temperature to 60°F., but a measureable increase did occur with a blend temperature of 70°F. The increment in acid degree values between 24 and 48 hours is much less with every-other-day pick-up than with samples picked up daily.
BACTERIOLOGY OF MILK HELD AT FARM BULK COOLING TANK TEMPERATURES
Authors: Marth E. H. , Frazier W. C.
Published: December 2018

Raw milk samples containing less than 50,000 bacteria per ml. were compared with samples over 50,000 per ml. by means of bacterial counts mode during four days of storage at 36° F., 38° F., 38° F., with periodic raises to 45° F. or 50° F., and 45° F. More samples of the high count milks showed appreciable growth within one, two, three or four days than of the low count milks, but psychrophiles often grew faster, especially after two days, in the low count milk. Raw milks are more likely to remain Grade A for a desired storage period if they contain low numbers of bacteria and if their storage temperature is 38° F. or lower.
BACTERIOLOGY OF MILK HELD AT FARM BULK COOLING TANK TEMPERATURES
Authors: Marth E. H. , Frazier W. C.
Published: December 2018

Predominant bacteria in raw milks held at farm bulk cooling tank temperatures were gram negative rods of the following genera: Achromobacter, Aerobacter, Alcaligenes, Flavobacterim and Pseudomonas. When inoculated into raw milk and held at 38° F., most of the Pseudomonas cultures grew rapidly and steadily for the first two days and more slowly during the last two days. The Achromobacter and Alcaligenes cultures grew rapidly for the first three days and more slowly during the fourth, while the Aerobacter culture growth. Flavobacterium cultures failed to grow appreciably.
SANITATION PROBLEMS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COTTAGE CHEESE1
Authors: Boyd J. C.
Published: December 2018

Cottage cheese is the result of a controlled bacteriological fermentation. Its successful manufacture and distribution is, therefare, largely a matter of controlling certain bacteriological and sanitation problems. These problems are discussed under three catagories: namely, those that affect the manufacturing procedure; those that affect the shelf life or keeping quality of the finished product; and those that affect the spread of disease.
PIPELINE-MILKER AND BULK-TANK MILK FILTRATION1
Authors: Jensen J. M. , Jokay Louis
Published: December 2018

The filtrition efficiency of various materials used in pipeline filters showed that the best filtration was secured using bonded non-woven cotton discs, followed in order by flannel fabric, muslin fabric, and flannel fabric after use in four milkings. However, bag filters of flannel and muslin gave inadequate filtration. The tests were made using a milk flow splitting apparatus, dividing milk equally between two kinds of filter materials, and by measuring the number and size of sediment particles found in one square centimeter areas of Lintine sediment testing discs after drawing samples from bulk tanks. Best uniformity in numbers of particles was secured when testing one gallon portions.
SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF SURVIVING IODINE-TREATED PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS1
Authors: Heather C. D. , Vanderzant C.
Published: December 2018

A study was made of some of the growth characteristics of cultures of Pseudomonas fluorescens which had received a sublethal treatment with various iodophors. Cultures grown in the presence of iodophor showed an increased lag phase at 5°C. in skimmilk and nutrient broth. However, the growth characteristics of iodine-treated cultures grown in iodine-free media were very similar to those of non-treated cultures.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF CERTAIN FACTORS EFFECTING HYDROLYTIC RANCIDITY IN MILK1
Authors: Speer J. F. , Watrous G. H. , Kesler E. M.
Published: December 2018

A survey of 39 stanchion and parlor pipeline milkers in Pennsylvania indicates a considerable amount of rancid milk being produced on many of these farms. The majority of farms having installations with vertical risers were encountering this difficulty. The effect of stage of lactation seems to be a more important factor on the susceptibility of milk fat to lipolysis than variations between summer and winter feeding.
THE CLEANABILITY OF MATERIALS IN CONTACT WITH DAIRY PRODUCTS1
Authors: Hays G. L. , Burroughs J. D. , Johns D. H.
Published: December 2018

The removal of air dried soil (dairy products contaminated with E. coli) from the surface of disks of several possible dairy equipment construction materials was determined by both radioactive tracer techniques and bacteriological methods. Both methods showed that cleaning the disks with any of the four types of cleaning compounds effected essentially complete removal of the contaminating soil from the surface of the molded plastics and various finishes of stainless steel which were tested.
MIXING OF MILK IN WEIGH TANKS1
Authors: Henningson R. W. , Byrd W. P.
Published: December 2018

A mixing device suspended in weigh tanks of dairy plants significantly improved the mixing of the milk and aided greatly in the securing of a “representative” sample of the daily delivery for compositing. All weigh tanks from which the samples were secured were found to need some aid for mixing the milk. The mixing device tested was better than mechanical and air agitators in this respect. The method of mixing the milk did influence the butterfat value of the composite sample under commercial conditions.
IS WEIGH TANK SAMPLING ACCURATE?1
Authors: Bradfield Alec
Published: December 2018

A method was developed for checking weigh tank sampling accuracy that was better than comparing samples from different locations in tanks. Long, narrow, deep weigh tanks with a steep pitch in the bottom yielded the most accurate samples. Cube-shaped tanks with a hopper at one corner, and round tanks gave excellent results. High fat milk was more difficult to mix than lower fat milk. Sampling location influenced gain or loss in fat.
This Thing Called Life
Authors: Vogel Joseph
Published: December 2018

What were Prince’s politics? What did he believe about God? And did he really forsake the subject—sex—that once made him the most subversive superstar of the Reagan era? In this illuminating thematic biography, Joseph Vogel explores the issues that made Prince one of the late 20th century’s most unique, controversial, and fascinating artists.

Since his unexpected death in 2016, Prince has been recognized by peers, critics, and music fans alike. President Barack Obama described him as “one of the most gifted and prolific musicians of our time.” Yet in spite of the influx of attention, much about Prince’s creative life, work, and cultural impact remains thinly examined. This Thing Called Life fills this vacuum, delving deep into seven key topics—politics, sound, race, gender, sex, religion, and death—that allow us to see Prince in fresh, invigorating new ways. Accessible and timely, This Thing Called Life takes the reader on a journey through the catalog and creative revolution of one of America’s most compelling and elusive icons.
Accounting for the vertical distribution of emissions in atmospheric CO2 simulations
Authors: Brunner Dominik , Kuhlmann Gerrit , Marshall Julia , Clément Valentin , Fuhrer Oliver , Broquet Grégoire , Löscher Armin , Meijer Yasjka
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Inverse modeling of anthropogenic and biospheric CO2 fluxes from ground-based and satellite observations critically depends on the accuracy of atmospheric transport simulations. Previous studies emphasized the impact of errors in simulated winds and vertical mixing in the planetary boundary layer, whereas the potential importance of releasing emissions not only at the surface but distributing them in the vertical was largely neglected. Accounting for elevated emissions may be critical, since more than 50 % of CO2 in Europe is emitted by large point sources such as power plants and industrial facilities. In this study we conduct high-resolution atmospheric simulations of CO2 with the mesoscale model COSMO-GHG over a domain covering the city of Berlin and several coal-fired power plants in eastern Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic. By including separate tracers for anthropogenic CO2 emitted only at the surface or according to realistic, source-dependent profiles, we find that releasing CO2 only at the surface overestimates near-surface CO2 concentrations in the afternoon on average by 14 % in summer and 43 % in winter over the selected model domain. Differences in column mean dry air mole fractions XCO2 are smaller, between 5 % in winter and 8 % in summer, suggesting smaller yet non-negligible sensitivities for inversion modeling studies assimilating satellite rather than surface observations. The results suggests that the traditional approach of emitting CO2 only at the surface is problematic and that a proper allocation of emissions in the vertical deserves as much attention as an accurate simulation of atmospheric transport.
Negligible isotopic fractionation of nitrogen within temperate Zostera spp. meadows
Authors: Russell Douglas G. , Wong Wei Wen , Cook Perran L. M.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Seagrass meadows form an ecologically important ecosystem in the
coastal zone. The 15N∕14N ratio of seagrass is commonly used to
assess the extent to which sewage-derived nitrogen may be influencing seagrass
beds. There have, however, been few studies comparing the 15N∕14N
ratios of seagrass beds, their associated sediments and, of critical
importance, the porewater NH4+ pool, which is most bioavailable.
Here, we undertook a study of the 15N∕14N ratios of seagrass
tissue, sediment porewater NH4+ pool and the bulk sediment to
elucidate the extent of any fractionating processes taking place during
organic matter mineralisation and nitrogen assimilation. The study was
undertaken within two coastal embayments known to receive nitrogen from a
range of sources including marine, urban and sewage sources. There was close
agreement between the bulk sediment δ15N and seagrass
δ15N (r2 of 0.92 and mean offset of 0.9 ‰),
illustrating a close coupling between the plant and sediment pools. The
δ15N of porewater NH4+ was strongly correlated with
the δ15N of both the sediment and the seagrass tissue. For both of
these relationships, however, the intercept of the line was not significantly
different from 0 and the slopes were not 1:1, reflecting an enrichment of
the porewater NH4+ δ15N pool relative to seagrass
tissue and bulk sediment δ15N at high δ15N values. We
suggest that nitrogen fixation is the most likely explanation for the
observation that the δ15N of seagrass tissue is lower than
porewater NH4+. Conversely, we suggest that the most likely
explanation for the enrichment of porewater NH4+ above bulk
sediment was through the preferential mineralisation of isotopically enriched
algal material (nitrogen derived from sewage sources) within the sediment as
δ15N increased in the vicinity of a sewage treatment plant.