bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shade and Nitrogen Fertilizer Effects on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Creeping Bentgrass Putting Greens
Authors: Chapman Katy E. , Walker Kristina S.
Published: August 2024

Climate change mitigation requires creative solutions to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG). Little research has been performed on GHG emissions from shaded turfgrass systems, resulting in a lack of best management practice (BMP) development. The aim of this research was to investigate the soil flux of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) as impacted by shade [shade (98.8%) versus sun (100%)] and differing sources (fast- versus slow-release) and rates (147 versus 294 kg ha−1 yr−1) of nitrogen (N) fertilizers on creeping bentgrass putting greens. The results show that emissions of soil CO2 and soil N2O are significantly lower in shaded plots versus sunny plots. The presence of N fertilizer significantly increased soil CO2 emissions over unfertilized plots. Quick-release N fertilizer fluxed significantly more soil N2O than the slow-release N fertilizers. Turfgrass color was significantly higher on the sunny green versus the shaded green except in late summer. Turfgrass quality was significantly higher for the shaded green versus the sunny green. Milorganite improved turfgrass quality whereas urea decreased turfgrass quality due to fertilizer burn. When N is needed to improve turfgrass color and quality, the use of slow-release N sources should be a BMP for shaded greens.
Simulation of Flow and Salinity in a Large Seasonally Managed Wetland Complex
Authors: Helmrich Stefanie , Quinn Nigel W. T. , Beutel Marc W. , O’Day Peggy A.
Published: August 2024

Seasonally managed wetlands in the San Joaquin River (SJR) watershed in California provide important benefits to wildlife and humans but are threatened through anthropogenic activity. Wetlands in the SJR are subject to salinity regulation, which poses challenges for wetland management. Salinity management in the SJR basin is supported by a process-based model, the Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework (WARMF). Wetlands are simulated with a “bathtub” analog where water levels are assumed to be the same over one model compartment and the storage volume depends on depth. The complexity and extent of hydrological features pose challenges for input data acquisition. Two approaches to estimating inflow and pond depth and determining water sources were assessed. Approach 1 used mostly monitored data, while Approach 2 used wetland manager knowledge. Approach 2 predicted outflow and salinity better than Approach 1, and an important benefit was the simulation of water reuse within the wetland complex, which was previously not implemented. Approach 1 is generally suited for estimating pond depth when a model compartment represents one wetland, while Approach 2 is suited for wetlands with large spatial extent, many hydrological features, and managed flows. The improved model will support wetland management.
Diversity of Ladybird Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Tenerife and La Gomera (Canary Islands): The Role of Size and Other Island Characteristics
Authors: Romanowski Jerzy , Ceryngier Piotr , Vĕtrovec Jaroslav , Zmuda Christian , Szawaryn Karol
Published: August 2024

This paper provides new data on the ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae) from two islands in the Canary archipelago: Tenerife, the largest island, and La Gomera, the second smallest. As they clearly differ in size but are similar in location and geological age, they are a suitable model for testing the species–area relationship. Our study shows that, in line with this main assumption of the theory of island biogeography, clearly more species occur on a large island (Tenerife) than on a small one (La Gomera). The field surveys documented the occurrence of 35 ladybird species on Tenerife (including 5 not previously reported from this island) and of 20 species on La Gomera (2 species new to the island). Coelopterus sp. collected on Tenerife (a single female that could not be identified to species) is the first record of this genus for the whole Canary Islands. Taking our data and previously published records into account, 47 species of Coccinellidae are known to occur on Tenerife and 26 species on La Gomera. Tenerife has by far the richest ladybird fauna of all the Canary Islands (the next in line, Gran Canaria, has 41 recorded species), but it also has the highest number of non-native ladybird species. All of the ten non-native species recorded in the Canary Islands are found on Tenerife, and for most of them, Tenerife was the island of their first appearance in the archipelago. This island, much more distant from the mainland than the other relatively large islands (Fuerteventura, Lanzarote), appears to be the main recipient of ladybirds immigrating to the Canary Islands. Tenerife can play this role probably because of its great habitat diversity and altitude variation, as well as intensive tourism and trade-related transport.
Unique Presentation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-Induced Rash and Mucositis with Salivary Gland Inflammation in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Kucharek Izabela , Bednarz Klaudia , Sybilski Adam Jerzy
Published: August 2024

Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a significant respiratory pathogen leading to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), especially in children. Up to 30% of confirmed MP cases can develop dermatological symptoms, with Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM) being a distinct clinical entity marked by mucous membrane inflammation, with or without skin lesions. Methods: This case report describes a 7-year-old girl admitted with fever, stomatitis, conjunctivitis, and skin lesions. On the second day, a painful neck enlargement was observed, with ultrasound confirming bilateral submandibular salivary gland inflammation and elevated serum amylase levels. The patient later developed pneumonia, confirmed via chest X-ray and pleural ultrasound. MP infection was confirmed via specific IgM antibodies and PCR in a throat swab. Results: The patient was diagnosed with MIRM and was treated with clarithromycin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, and methylprednisolone, resulting in a full recovery. Conclusions: This case highlights a unique presentation of MIRM with salivary gland inflammation, not previously described in pediatric mycoplasmal infections.
Variability in Care Pathways for Hip Fracture Patients in The Netherlands
Authors: Bremen Hanne-Eva van , Kroes Thamar , Seppala Lotta J. , Gans Emma A. , Hegeman Johannes H. , van der Velde Nathalie , Willems Hanna C.
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: Integrated orthogeriatric care has demonstrated benefits in hip fracture management for older patients. Comprehensive care pathways are essential for effective integrated care delivery, yet local variability in care pathways persists. We assessed the current hip fracture care pathways in the Netherlands, focusing on the variability between these care pathways and the degree of implementation of orthogeriatric care. Methods: A nationwide inventory study was conducted. A survey was sent to all hospitals in the Netherlands to collect the care pathways or local protocols for hip fracture care. All care elements reported in the care pathways and protocols were systematically analyzed by two independent researchers. Furthermore, an assessment was performed to determine which model of orthogeriatric care was applied. Results: All 71 Dutch hospitals were contacted, and 56 hospitals responded (79%), of which 46 (82%) provided a care pathway or protocol. Forty-one care elements were identified in total. In the care pathways and protocols, the variability in the description of these individual care elements ranged from 7% to 87%. Twenty-one hospitals had an integrated care model with shared responsibility, while an equal number followed an orthopedic trauma surgeon-led care model. Conclusions: These findings provide a detailed description of the hip fracture care pathways in the Netherlands. Variations were observed concerning the care elements described in the care pathways, the structure of the care pathway, and the specification of several elements. The implementation of integrated care with shared responsibilities, as recommended by the international literature, has not been achieved nationwide. The clinical implications of the variability between care pathways, such as the influence on the quality of care, need to be further investigated.
The New Frontiers of Fetal Imaging: MRI Insights into Cardiovascular and Thoracic Structures
Authors: Cundari Giulia , Galea Nicola , Di Mascio Daniele , Gennarini Marco , Ventriglia Flavia , Curti Federica , Dodaro Martina , Rizzo Giuseppe , Catalano Carlo , Giancotti Antonella , Manganaro Lucia
Published: August 2024

Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) represents a second-line imaging modality that provides multiparametric and multiplanar views that are crucial for confirming diagnoses, detecting associated pathologies, and resolving inconclusive ultrasound findings. The introduction of high-field magnets and new imaging sequences has expanded MRI’s role in pregnancy management. Recent innovations in ECG-gating techniques have revolutionized the prenatal evaluation of congenital heart disease by synchronizing imaging with the fetal heartbeat, thus addressing traditional challenges in cardiac imaging. Fetal cardiac MRI (fCMR) is particularly valuable for assessing congenital heart diseases, especially when ultrasound is limited by poor imaging conditions. fCMR allows for detailed anatomical and functional evaluation of the heart and great vessels and is also useful for diagnosing additional anomalies and analyzing blood flow patterns, which can aid in understanding abnormal fetal brain growth and placental perfusion. This review emphasizes fMRI’s potential in evaluating cardiac and thoracic structures, including various gating techniques like metric optimized gating, self-gating, and Doppler ultrasound gating. The review also covers the use of static and cine images for structural and functional assessments and discusses advanced techniques like 4D-flow MRI and T1 or T2 mapping for comprehensive flow quantification and tissue characterization.
Clinical Updates in Coronary Artery Disease: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Bottardi Andrea , Prado Guy F. A. , Lunardi Mattia , Fezzi Simone , Pesarini Gabriele , Tavella Domenico , Scarsini Roberto , Ribichini Flavio
Published: August 2024

Despite significant goals achieved in diagnosis and treatment in recent decades, coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a high mortality entity and continues to pose substantial challenges to healthcare systems globally. After the latest guidelines, novel data have emerged and have not been yet considered for routine practice. The scope of this review is to go beyond the guidelines, providing insights into the most recent clinical updates in CAD, focusing on non-invasive diagnostic techniques, risk stratification, medical management and interventional therapies in the acute and stable scenarios. Highlighting and synthesizing the latest developments in these areas, this review aims to contribute to the understanding and management of CAD helping healthcare providers worldwide.
Automatic Segmentation of Mediastinal Lymph Nodes and Blood Vessels in Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS) Images Using Deep Learning
Authors: Ervik Øyvind , Tveten Ingrid , Hofstad Erlend Fagertun , Langø Thomas , Leira Håkon Olav , Amundsen Tore , Sorger Hanne
Published: August 2024

Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is used in the minimally invasive sampling of thoracic lymph nodes. In lung cancer staging, the accurate assessment of mediastinal structures is essential but challenged by variations in anatomy, image quality, and operator-dependent image interpretation. This study aimed to automatically detect and segment mediastinal lymph nodes and blood vessels employing a novel U-Net architecture-based approach in EBUS images. A total of 1161 EBUS images from 40 patients were annotated. For training and validation, 882 images from 30 patients and 145 images from 5 patients were utilized. A separate set of 134 images was reserved for testing. For lymph node and blood vessel segmentation, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) values of the Dice similarity coefficient were 0.71 ± 0.35 and 0.76 ± 0.38, those of the precision were 0.69 ± 0.36 and 0.82 ± 0.22, those of the sensitivity were 0.71 ± 0.38 and 0.80 ± 0.25, those of the specificity were 0.98 ± 0.02 and 0.99 ± 0.01, and those of the F1 score were 0.85 ± 0.16 and 0.81 ± 0.21, respectively. The average processing and segmentation run-time per image was 55 ± 1 ms (mean ± SD). The new U-Net architecture-based approach (EBUS-AI) could automatically detect and segment mediastinal lymph nodes and blood vessels in EBUS images. The method performed well and was feasible and fast, enabling real-time automatic labeling.
PASS Theory of Intelligence and Its Measurement Using the Cognitive Assessment System, 2nd Edition
Authors: Naglieri Jack A. , Otero Tulio M.
Published: August 2024

The goal of this paper was to describe the context within which the PASS theory of intelligence was conceived and the reasons why this theory was used to guide the construction of the Cognitive Assessment System and the several versions of the Cognitive Assessment System, 2nd Edition. We also discuss validity issues such as equitable assessment of intelligence, using PASS scores to examine a pattern of strengths and weaknesses related to academic variability and diagnosis, and the utility of PASS scores for intervention. We provide summaries of the research that informs our suggestions that intelligence testing should be theory-based, not constrained by the seminal work of test developers in the early 1900s, and neurocognitive processes should be measured based on brain function.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Motion Responses of a Spar-Type Floating Structure with Aquaculture Feeding Systems
Authors: Li Qiao , Bai Shenyi , Dong Shuchuang , Zhou Jinxin , Kitazawa Daisuke
Published: August 2024

The combination of aquaculture industry with floating offshore wind turbines has the potential to generate significant economic advantages for both industries. To investigate this potential, the present study focuses on analyzing the heave, and pitch dynamic responses of a Spar-type floating offshore wind turbine that incorporates an aquaculture feeding system. A series of water tank model tests, together with numerical calculations, were conducted using a 1/56 scale model of a 2 MW, displacement 3500 tons, floating Spar-type wind turbine. The feeding system was placed inside the Spar and slightly above the waterline by adjusting the configuration of the total weight. The weight of the feeding system in the experiments is 100 tons, capable of sustaining 300 tons of fish for an entire week, and the realistic applications have been expanded using the numerical calculation. For this reason, the present study serves a good case study for general understanding, because the integration of the feeding system inevitably raises the center of gravity of the structure and potentially affects its overall stability. The experiments revealed no discernible increase in the heave motion. Moreover, the pitch motion theoretically increased, but occasionally decreased in the experiments with the overall inclination angles being less than 1.2 degrees during the experiments. As a result, the present study supports the practice of integrating a Spar-type wind turbine with feeding systems. Future research should continue to comprehensively examine, both experimentally and numerically, the motion responses of the wind turbine and aquaculture facilities with varying configurations.
Field Redevelopment and Weight Shedding for Decommissioning of Offshore Facilities
Authors: Reda Ahmed , Amaechi Chiemela Victor , Shahin Mohamed A. , McKee Kristoffer K.
Published: August 2024

There is currently a rising interest in reusing and repurposing offshore facilities through decommissioning; however, major challenges arise, such as size, weight, sea depth, planned use, and location. This article aims to discuss the philosophy that needs to be adopted for field redevelopment, particularly when existing platforms must be preserved and integrated into new greenfield facilities. The article also discusses the concept of weight shedding during the decommissioning of offshore facilities to either extend the life of existing platforms or provide clear space for new equipment to be installed by removing unnecessary components and structures. The above aspects of decommissioning are investigated through the redevelopment of a case study of a mature offshore oil field located in shallow water. The study indicated that weight shedding presents a favourable method for decommissioning offshore installations and can effectively lower expenses, minimise environmental consequences, and optimise the use of resources.
Manipulation-Compliant Artificial Potential Field and Deep Q-Network: Large Ships Path Planning Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning and Artificial Potential Field
Authors: Xu Weifeng , Zhu Xiang , Gao Xiaori , Li Xiaoyong , Cao Jianping , Ren Xiaoli , Shao Chengcheng
Published: August 2024

Enhancing the path planning capabilities of ships is crucial for ensuring navigation safety, saving time, and reducing energy consumption in complex maritime environments. Traditional methods, reliant on static algorithms and singular models, are frequently limited by the physical constraints of ships, such as turning radius, and struggle to adapt to the maritime environment’s variability and emergencies. The development of reinforcement learning has introduced new methods and perspectives to path planning by addressing complex environments, achieving multi-objective optimization, and enhancing autonomous learning and adaptability, significantly improving the performance and application scope. In this study, we introduce a two-stage path planning approach for large ships named MAPF–DQN, combining Manipulation-Compliant Artificial Potential Field (MAPF) with Deep Q-Network (DQN). In the first stage, we improve the reward function in DQN by integrating the artificial potential field method and use a time-varying greedy algorithm to search for paths. In the second stage, we use the nonlinear Nomoto model for path smoothing to enhance maneuverability. To validate the performance and effectiveness of the algorithm, we conducted extensive experiments using the model of “Yupeng” ship. Case studies and experimental results demonstrate that the MAPF–DQN algorithm can find paths that closely match the actual trajectory under normal environmental conditions and U-shaped obstacles. In summary, the MAPF–DQN algorithm not only enhances the efficiency of path planning for large ships, but also finds relatively safe and maneuverable routes, which are of great significance for maritime activities.
A Novel Hill Climbing-Golden Section Search Maximum Energy Efficiency Tracking Method for Wireless Power Transfer Systems in Unmanned Underwater Vehicles
Authors: Ma Yayu , Liang Bo , Wang Jiale , Cheng Bo , Yan Zhengchao , Dong Moyan , Mao Zhaoyong
Published: August 2024

Efficiency has always been one of the most critical indicators for evaluating wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. To achieve fast maximum energy efficiency tracking (MEET), this paper provides an innovative control method utilizing the hill climbing-golden section search (HC-GSS) method of an LCC-S compensated WPT system. The receiver side includes a buck-boost converter that regulates the output current or voltage to meet output requirements. In the meantime, the buck-boost converter on the transmitter side is managed by the HC-GSS approach for MEET by minimizing the input power under the premise of output stability. Compared with the conventional P&O method, the HC-GSS method can eliminate the trade-off between the oscillation and convergence rate because it is designed for different system stages. In this WPT system, there is no need for direct communication between the transmitter and receiver. Therefore, the system is potentially cheaper to implement and does not suffer from annoying communication delays, which are prevalent in underwater environments for unmanned underwater vehicles’ (UUV) WPT systems. Both the simulation and experiment results show that this method can improve the efficiency of the WPT system without communication. The proposed method remains valid with coupler displacement as it does not include the mutual inductance of the system.
Optimization of Fused Filament Fabrication for High-Performance Polylactic Acid Parts under Wear Conditions
Authors: Batista Moises , Ramirez-Peña Magdalena , Salguero Jorge , Vazquez-Martinez Juan Manuel
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the impact of various manufacturing parameters on the mechanical and tribological properties of high-performance PLA (polylactic acid) parts produced using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF). It addresses the challenges associated with optimizing additive manufacturing processes, particularly for polymer-based materials, and emphasizes the importance of understanding how factors such as build orientation, layer thickness, and infill density influence the final properties of the printed parts. This study highlights the improvements that can be achieved by incorporating reinforcements such as carbon fibers and graphene nanoplatelets into PLA, enhancing its mechanical strength and wear resistance. Experimental results show that optimizing printing parameters can significantly reduce the coefficient of friction and wear, leading to better performance in applications involving movement and mechanical stress. Key findings include the observation that higher infill densities and specific build orientations improve the fatigue life and tensile strength of PLA parts. Additionally, post-printing thermal treatments can alleviate internal stresses and enhance interlayer adhesion, further improving mechanical properties. The article concludes that with proper optimization, high-performance PLA can be a viable material for industrial applications, offering both environmental benefits and enhanced performance.
Effect of Roundness Error of the Grooves on the Inner Ring Runout of Angular Contact Ball Bearings
Authors: Cui Di , Yu Yongjian , Xue Yujun , Guo Pengge , Han Hongbiao , Cai Haichao
Published: August 2024

In this paper, a prediction model of the inner ring runout of angular contact ball bearings is established according to the geometric and kinematic relationships of the bearing, considering factors such as the roundness error of the inner and outer grooves, the dimensional error of the balls, and the change of the contact angle between the balls and the grooves. The correctness of the model is verified through experiments. The effects of the order and amplitude of the roundness error of the inner groove and the order and amplitude of the roundness error of the outer groove on the inner ring runout are analyzed. The coupling effect of the roundness error of the inner and outer grooves on the inner ring runout is further analyzed. The results show that the inner ring runout changes periodically with a change to the roundness error order of the grooves, which increases with an increase in the roundness error amplitude. Under the coupling of the roundness error of the inner and outer grooves, the magnification of the inner ring runout increases as a whole. When there are specific relationships between the roundness error orders of the grooves and the number of balls, the magnification of the axial or radial runout changes significantly.
Design of Dual Winding Flux Modulation Machine for Performance Improvement in Variable Speed Application
Authors: Lyeo Min-Gu , Hwang Kyu-Yun , Lee Sung-Hyun
Published: August 2024

In this paper, a Dual Winding Flux Modulation Machine (DWFMM) is proposed for variable speed application. The DWFMM is configured by adding windings to the Single Winding Flux Modulation Machine (SWFMM), consisting of a master winding that drives the motor and a slave winding that enables pole changing and performance enhancement. Through pole changing, the DWFMM can operate as two different machines: a Vernier Machine (VM) for varying speeds and torque operations and a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM). In the VM mode, flux enhancement is applied to improve torque, and in the PMSM mode, Flux Weakening is applied to increase speed. The characteristics of the two different operating modes were analyzed using the Finite Element Method (FEM) to validate the machine’s performance. Finally, the DWFMM and SWFMM were designed and compared as variable speed application machines to confirm their suitability and superiority.
A Terminal Residual Vibration Suppression Method of a Robot Based on Joint Trajectory Optimization
Authors: Liang Liang , Wu Chengdong , Liu Shichang
Published: August 2024

Vibration problems have become one of the most important factors affecting robot performance. To this end, a terminal residual vibration suppression method based on joint trajectory optimization is proposed to improve the accuracy and stability of robot motion. Firstly, based on the characteristics of the friction nonlinearity due to joint coupling and physical feasibility of dynamic parameters, a semidefinite programming method is used to identify dynamic parameters with actual physical meaning, thereby obtaining an accurate dynamic model. Then, based on the result of the residual vibration time domain analysis, a joint trajectory optimization model with the goal of minimizing joint tracking error is established. The Chebyshev collocation method is used to discretize the optimization model. The dynamic model is used as the optimization constraint, and barycentric interpolation is used to obtain the optimized joint motion trajectory. Finally, industrial robot experiments prove that the vibration suppression method proposed in this article can reduce the maximum acceleration amplitude of residual vibration by 62% and the vibration duration by 71%. Compared with the input shaping method, the method proposed in this paper can reduce the terminal residual vibration more effectively and ensure the consistency of running time and trajectory.
Game-Theoretic Adversarial Interaction-Based Critical Scenario Generation for Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Zheng Xiaokun , Liang Huawei , Wang Jian , Wang Hanqi
Published: August 2024

Ensuring safety and efficiency in the rapidly advancing autonomous vehicle (AV) industry presents a significant engineering challenge. Comprehensive performance evaluations and critical scenario testing are essential for identifying situations that AVs cannot handle. Thus, generating critical scenarios is a key problem in AV testing system design. This paper proposes a game-theoretic adversarial interaction method to efficiently generate critical scenarios that challenge AV systems. Initial motion prediction for adversarial and surrounding vehicles is based on kinematic models and road constraints, establishing interaction action spaces to determine possible driving domains. A novel evaluation approach combines reachability sets with adversarial intensity to assess collision risks and adversarial strength for any state, used to solve behavior values for each interaction action state. Further, equilibrium action strategies for the vehicles are derived using Stackelberg game theory, yielding optimal actions considering adversarial interactions in the current traffic environment. Simulation results show that the adversarial scenarios generated by this method significantly increase incident rates by 158% to 1313% compared to natural driving scenarios, while ride comfort and driving efficiency decrease, and risk significantly increases. These findings provide critical insights for model improvement and demonstrate the proposed method’s suitability for assessing AV performance in dynamic traffic environments.
A Novel Hybrid Model for Financial Forecasting Based on CEEMDAN-SE and ARIMA-CNN-LSTM
Authors: Dong Zefan , Zhou Yonghui
Published: August 2024

Financial time series data are characterized by non-linearity, non-stationarity, and stochastic complexity, so predicting such data presents a significant challenge. This paper proposes a novel hybrid model for financial forecasting based on CEEMDAN-SE and ARIMA- CNN-LSTM. With the help of the CEEMDAN-SE method, the original data are decomposed into several IMFs and reconstructed via sample entropy into a lower-complexity stationary high-frequency component and a low-frequency component. The high-frequency component is predicted by the ARIMA statistical forecasting model, while the low-frequency component is predicted by a neural network model combining CNN and LSTM. Compared to some classical prediction models, our algorithm exhibits superior performance in terms of three evaluation indexes, namely, RMSE, MAE, and MAPE, effectively enhancing model accuracy while reducing computational overhead.
On the Qualitative Analysis of Solutions of Two Fractional Order Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Bolat Yasar , Gevgeşoğlu Murat , Chatzarakis George E.
Published: August 2024

In applied sciences, besides the importance of obtaining the analytical solutions of differential equations with constant coefficients, the qualitative analysis of the solutions of such equations is also very important. Due to this importance, in this study, a qualitative analysis of the solutions of a delayed and constant coefficient fractal differential equation with more than one fractional derivative was performed. In the equation under consideration, the derivatives are the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives. In the proof of the obtained results, Laplace transform formulas of the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative and some inequalities are used. We also provide some examples to check the accuracy of our results.
Explicit Parameterizations of Ortho-Symplectic Matrices in R4
Authors: Mladenova Clementina D. , Mladenov Ivaïlo M.
Published: August 2024

Starting from the very first principles we derive explicit parameterizations of the ortho-symplectic matrices in the real four-dimensional Euclidean space. These matrices depend on a set of four real parameters which splits naturally as a union of the real line and the three-dimensional space. It turns out that each of these sets is associated with a separate Lie algebra which after exponentiations generates Lie groups that commute between themselves. Besides, by making use of the Cayley and Fedorov maps, we have arrived at alternative realizations of the ortho-symplectic matrices in four dimensions. Finally, relying on the fundamental structure results in Lie group theory we have derived one more explicit parameterization of these matrices which suggests that the obtained earlier results can be viewed as a universal method for building the representations of the unitary groups in arbitrary dimension.
Pairs of Positive Solutions for a Carrier p(x)-Laplacian Type Equation
Authors: Candito Pasquale , Failla Giuseppe , Livrea Roberto
Published: August 2024

The existence of multiple pairs of smooth positive solutions for a Carrier problem, driven by a p(x)-Laplacian operator, is studied. The approach adopted combines sub-super solutions, truncation, and variational techniques. In particular, after an explicit computation of a sub-solution, obtained combining a monotonicity type hypothesis on the reaction term and the Giacomoni–Takáč’s version of the celebrated Díaz–Saá’s inequality, we derive a multiplicity of solution by investigating an associated one-dimensional fixed point problem. The nonlocal term involved may be a sign-changing function and permit us to obtain the existence of multiple pairs of positive solutions, one for each “positive bump” of the nonlocal term. A new result, also for a constant exponent, is established and an illustrative example is proposed.
Fold-Fold Singularity in a Piecewise Smooth Mathematical Model Describing the Dynamics of a Stockless Market
Authors: Molina-Díaz Oscar Emilio , Olivar-Tost Gerard , Sotelo-Castelblanco Deissy Milena
Published: August 2024

Fold-fold singularities are critical points or singularities in piecewise smooth dynamical systems (PWS) where both the stability and the structure of the system change. These singularities are of great importance in the study of specific dynamics, such as those in markets, as they indicate significant transformations in their evolution, including sudden variability in prices or changes in the behavior of offers and demand. Despite the substantial increase in the use of mathematical and computational tools applied to market dynamics, the current literature does not thoroughly address the study of the existence of fold-fold singularities in piecewise smooth systems within this context. Therefore, due to the importance of markets as economic activities, this paper proves the existence of such a singularity in a mathematical model that describes the dynamics of a stockless market, which is represented by a system of ordinary differential equations defined with piecewise smooth functions.
Formal Modeling and Verification of Lycklama and Hadzilacos’s Mutual Exclusion Algorithm
Authors: Nigro Libero
Published: August 2024

This study describes our thorough experience of formal modeling and exhaustive verification of concurrent systems, particularly mutual exclusion algorithms. The experience focuses on Lycklama and Hadzilacos’s (LH) mutual exclusion algorithm. LH rests on the reduced size of the shared state, contains a mechanism that tries to enforce an FCFS order to processes entering their critical section, and embodies Burns and Lamport’s (BL) mutual exclusion algorithm. The modeling methodology is based on timed automata and the model checker of the popular Uppaal toolbox. The effectiveness of the modeling and analysis approach is first demonstrated by studying the BL’s solution and retrieving all its properties, including, in general, its unbounded overtaking, which is the non-limited number of by-passes a process can suffer before accessing its critical section. Then, the LH algorithm is investigated in depth by showing it fulfills all the mutual exclusion properties when it operates with atomic memory. However, as this study demonstrates, LH is not free of deadlocks when used with non-atomic memory. Finally, a state-of-the-art mutual exclusion solution is proposed, which relies on a stripped-down LH version for processes, which is used as the arbitration unit in a tournament tree (TT) organization. This study documents that LH’s TT-based algorithm satisfies all the mutual exclusion properties, with a linear overtaking, both using atomic and non-atomic memory.
Riemann Problem for the Isentropic Euler Equations of Mixed Type in the Dark Energy Fluid
Authors: Chen Tingting , Jiang Weifeng , Li Tong , Wang Zhen , Lin Junhao
Published: August 2024

We are concerned with the Riemann problem for the isentropic Euler equations of mixed type in the dark energy fluid. This system is non-strictly hyperbolic on the boundary curve of elliptic and hyperbolic regions. We obtain the unique admissible shock waves by utilizing the viscosity criterion. Assuming fixed left states are in the elliptic and hyperbolic regions, respectively, we construct the unique Riemann solution for the mixed-type models with the initial right state in some feasible regions. Finally, we present numerical simulations which are consistent with our theoretical results.
Modified Orbitozygomatic Craniotomy Approach for a Recurrent Orbital Tumor in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Chrenko Róbert , Bušányová Beáta , Gerinec Anton , Tomčíková Dana , Rýchly Boris , Grega Marek , Hanko Martin , Nedomová Barbora
Published: August 2024

Background: This report aims to present the case of a pediatric patient with a recurrent tumor in the superolateral orbit. Clinical Presentation: An 8-year-old patient was initially treated for a tumor in the superolateral orbit via a transconjunctival approach. The histopathological diagnosis was epidermoid cyst. Postoperatively, chronic inflammation and fistula developed in the lateral canthus area. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a residual tumor posterior to the original tumor location. The patient was treated via a modified orbitozygomatic (mOZ) craniotomy approach that was originally applied in neurosurgery, and complete tumor removal was achieved. A temporary paralysis of the frontotemporal branch of the facial nerve was observed and fully resolved within one month following surgery. At the 18th month of follow-up, the visual, neurological, and cosmetic results were found to be satisfactory. Conclusions: mOZ craniotomy can be used to access and operate on recurrent orbital tumors in pediatric patients where other more aggressive surgical approaches should be avoided.
Hydrodynamic Evaluation of a Filtering Hydrocyclone for Solid Particle/Water Separation
Authors: Cavalcante Daniel C. M. , Magalhães Hortência L. F. , Neto Severino R. Farias , Gomez Ricardo S. , Delgado João M. P. Q. , Lima Antonio G. B. , Vasconcelos Danielle B. T. , Silva Márcio J. V. , Farias Daniel O. , Queiroz Suelyn F. A. M. , Santos Antonio C. Q. , Tito Thâmmara L. H. , Silva Emmanuel F. M.
Published: August 2024

A conventional hydrocyclones is a versatile equipment with a high processing capacity and low maintenance cost. Currently, several studies aim to alter the typical structure of the conventional hydrocyclone in order to modify its performance and purpose. For this, filtering hydrocyclones have emerged, where a porous membrane replaces the conic or cylindrical wall. During the operation of this equipment, in addition to the traditionally observed streams (feed, underflow, and overflow), there is a liquid stream resulting from the filtration process, commonly referred to as filtrate. This work proposes to numerically investigate the solid particle/liquid water separation process in a filtering hydrocyclone using the commercial software Ansys CFX® 15.0. The proposed mathematical model for the study considers three-dimensional, steady state and turbulent flow, using the Eulerian–Eulerian approach and the Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model. This study presents and analyzes the volume fraction, velocity, and pressure fields, along with flowlines and velocity profiles. The results indicate that the proposed model effectively captures the fluid dynamic behavior within the filtering hydrocyclone, highlighting higher pressures near the porous membrane and a higher concentration of solid particles in the conical region, with water being more concentrated in the cylindrical part of the hydrocyclone. Additionally, the findings show that the volumetric flow rate of the filtrate significantly influences the internal flow dynamics, with conventional hydrocyclones demonstrating higher pressure gradients compared to the proposed filtering hydrocyclone.
Control of Pathogen Erysiphe alphitoides Present in Forest Crops in Current Climatic Conditions
Authors: Tăut Ioan , Moldovan Mircea , Șimonca Vasile , Varga Mircea Ioan , Rob Marinel , Chira Florentina , Chira Dănuț
Published: August 2024

The production of oak seedlings in intensive crops involves the modification of natural conditions, namely the degree of humidity, through artificial irrigation, which favors the appearance of the pathogen Erysiphe alphitoides, responsible for the Oak Powdery Mildew (OPM) disease. Thus, it is necessary to identify new substances and technologies to control OPM. In this sense, new products approved by the European Union (EU) and Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) were identified, both synthetic and, a great novelty, biological (based on chito-oligosaccharides-oligogalacturonans: COS-OGA). In order to quantify the results, a correlation was made with climatic factors, by sampling data related to temperature and relative humidity with Data Logger devices. The obtained results suggest that OPM has a high virulence in the temperature range of 20 to 30 °C; at a relative humidity above 75%. The data obtained from the field experiments show that the synthetic products controlled OPM with an effectiveness between 70% and 95%, and the biological product behaved almost similarly, between 60% and 90%, which creates high opportunities for environmentally friendly control of forest pathogens.
Epidemiology and Clinical Insights of Catheter-Related Candidemia in Non-ICU Patients with Vascular Access Devices
Authors: Scaglione Giovanni , Colaneri Marta , Offer Martina , Galli Lucia , Borgonovo Fabio , Genovese Camilla , Fattore Rebecca , Schiavini Monica , Taino Alba , Calloni Maria , Casella Francesco , Gidaro Antonio , Fassio Federico , Breschi Valentina , Leoni Jessica , Cogliati Chiara , Gori Andrea , Foschi Antonella
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Vascular access devices (VADs), namely peripheral VADs (PVADs) and central venous VADs (CVADs), are crucial in both intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU settings. However, VAD placement carries risks, notably catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). Candida spp. is a common pathogen in CRBSIs, yet its clinical and microbiological characteristics, especially in non-ICU settings, are underexplored. Methods: We conducted a monocentric, retrospective observational study at Luigi Sacco Hospital from 1 May 2021 to 1 September 2023. We reviewed medical records of non-ICU adult patients with CVADs and PVADs. Data on demographics, clinical and laboratory results, VAD placement, and CRBSI occurrences were collected. Statistical analysis compared Candida spp. CRBSI and bacterial CRBSI groups. Results: Out of 1802 VAD placements in 1518 patients, 54 cases of CRBSI were identified, and Candida spp. was isolated in 30.9% of episodes. The prevalence of CRBSI was 3.05%, with Candida spp. accounting for 0.94%. Incidence rates were 2.35 per 1000 catheter days for CRBSI, with Candida albicans and Candida non-albicans at 0.47 and 0.26 per 1000 catheter days, respectively—patients with Candida spp. CRBSI had more frequent SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 pneumonia, and hypoalbuminemia. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Candida spp. was a notable cause of CRBSIs in our center, underscoring the importance of considering Candida spp. in suspected CRBSI cases, including those in non-ICU settings and in those with PVADs.
Protective Effects of Huo Xiang Zheng Qi Liquid on Clostridioides difficile Infection on C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Chen Ming , Zhai Lin , Schønning Kristian , Alpízar-Alpízar Warner , Larum Ole , Andersen Leif Percival , Holck Susanne , Friis-Møller Alice
Published: August 2024

Background: Clostridioides difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is a major healthcare-associated infection. New treatment options for CDAD are needed. A traditional Chinese medicinal formula, Huo Xiang Zheng Qi (HXZQ), was chosen to test against CDAD in a mouse model. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were challenged with C difficile (ATCC 43255) orally; then received saline; vancomycin 25 mg/kg; or HXZQ in two different concentrations twice daily for 5 days. The animals’ body weight; clinical signs; and survival rates were registered daily. Fecal pellets from each animal were taken for PCR analysis as a control of infection. Results: 50% of the mice receiving saline died; 85.7% of the mice receiving vancomycin survived; 75% of the mice receiving HXZQ survived; and 87.5% of the mice receiving a 1:1 saline dilution of HXZQ survived. The HXZQ-treated groups were C. difficile PCR positive with loads less than that of the untreated mice. The weight loss in the vancomycin plus HXZQ 1:1 treated group; the vancomycin-treated group; and the untreated group were 3.08%, 4.06%, and 9.62%, respectively. Conclusions: our results showed that HXZQ can protect mice from CDAD-related death as effectively as vancomycin and the combination of vancomycin and HXZQ may give even better protection.
Chain Extension of Piperazine in Ethanol: Synthesis of 2-(4-(2-(Phenylthio)ethyl)piperazinyl)acetonitriles and ACAT-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Huang Ying , Zhu Tingyu , Li Yinghua , Huang Deguang
Published: August 2024

A base-induced synthesis of 2-(4-(2-(phenylthio)ethyl)piperazinyl) acetonitriles by reaction of disulfides, 1-(chloromethyl)-4-aza-1-azonia bicyclo[2.2.2]octane chloride and trimethylsilyl cyanide is reported. The scope of the method is demonstrated with 30 examples. The reaction mechanism research indicates that the three-component reaction would be a SN2 reaction. The products exhibit good activities towards advanced synthesis of aqueous soluble acyl-CoA: cholesterol O-acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) inhibitors. Our work is superior as it uses less-odor disulfides as carbon sources and EtOH as solvent in a water and dioxygen insensitive reaction system, followed by a simple purification process.
The Sri Lanka Mother and Newborn Growth (S-MaNGro) Cohort: Protocol of a Nationwide Prospective Study
Authors: Pathirathna Malshani Lakshika , Haruna Megumi , Sasaki Satoshi , Yonezawa Kaori , Usui Yuriko , Hagiwara Yasuhiro
Published: August 2024

Perinatal cohort studies with a prospective longitudinal design are critical for determining the effects of early-life exposures on offspring’s health outcomes. The Sri Lanka Mother and Newborn Growth cohort study aims to investigate the impact of maternal nutritional and psychosocial factors on newborns’ birth weight in the Sri Lankan context. This paper presents the methodology of participant recruitment, follow-ups, an overview of measurements, and planned data analyses. This study included a nationally representative sample of Sri Lankan pregnant women recruited in their first trimester of pregnancy. Follow-up assessments were conducted once during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and after the baby’s birth, prospectively tracking the women’s dietary intake, mental health, hemoglobin concentrations, and gestational weight gain data. Once the participants delivered their babies, the data on gestational age, sex of the newborn, birth weight, length and occipitofrontal circumference at birth, and mode of delivery were collected. Between August 2022 and August 2023, we recruited 2000 first-trimester pregnant women to the cohort and continued to follow up with them until the baby’s birth. The response rates were 90.4%, 81.4%, and 75.2% in the first, second, and third follow-ups. We plan to analyze the data in July 2024. We expect this study to provide valuable insights into various early-life exposures affecting neonatal birth weight. The study’s findings will serve as a valuable information resource for a broader scientific community, enabling the development of effective policies to prevent low-birth-weight deliveries in low-resource settings.
Dermatological Presentation of Strongyloides stercoralis Infection in Two Elderly Italian Inpatients
Authors: Gardini Giulia , Froeschl Guenter , Puzzi Petra Rosa , Gambino Silvia , Erne Elke Maria
Published: August 2024

Persistent infections caused by Strongyloides stercoralis are probably underestimated in the elderly Italian population. This nematode is unique among helminths: it can last asymptomatically in the host for decades and may present with a broad range of clinical pictures upon reactivation. Misdiagnosis often occurs even when the clinical picture is suggestive. If undetected, this parasitosis can lead to serious consequences when hyperinfection occurs. Herein, we report two peculiar clinical cases of complicated strongyloidiasis with multiple skin lesions. The aim of our report is to lead clinicians to familiarize themselves with skin patterns and clinical features that can suggest a possible underlying strongyloidiasis.