bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pushouts, Shutouts, and Holdouts
Authors: Lukes Marguerite
Published: October 2013

This mixed-methods study examines educational experiences of Latino immigrant young adult dropouts in New York City, along with pre- and postmigration factors that impact school participation. Due to age, interrupted schooling, and limited English proficiency, high schools view this population as hard to serve. Increasing numbers of these youth turn to adult and alternative education programs, seeking a pathway to college and job training. Data presented raise questions about the impact of local and federal education policies on educational access for immigrant young adults and contribute to the national conversation about education and career pathways for disconnected and underserved youth.
Making a Stink About the “Ideal” Classroom
Authors: Souto-Manning Mariana
Published: October 2013

In this article, I draw on the ethnographic study of a Universal Pre-Kindergarten class to theorize the functional appeal of conflict that permeates young children’s interactions. From a conflict theory perspective, I document how young children negotiate meaning in and with their world as they engage in learning through conflict. While considering multiple and overlapping dimensions of conflict influencing and informing life in this classroom community, through an analytic narrative, I theorize and story conflict in an early childhood setting, illustrate the transformative possibilities of conflict, and challenge the concept of the “ideal” early childhood classroom.
Does the “Negro” Still Need Separate Schools? Single-Sex Educational Settings as Critical Race Counterspaces
Authors: Terry Clarence L. , Flennaugh Terry K. , Blackmon Samarah M. , Howard Tyrone C.
Published: October 2013

This article explores whether contemporary educators should consider single-sex educational settings as viable interventions in educating African American males. Using qualitative data from a 2-year study of single-sex educational spaces in two Los Angeles County high schools, the authors argue that when all-male spaces effectively function as Critical Race Theory counterspaces, the educational experiences of high school–aged Black males are positively transformed. These cocurricular, single-sex counterspaces can effectively shield Black males from the marginalizing effects of urban schooling while serving as platforms for productive reengagement in positive school trajectories. Research-based principles for designing effective single-sex educational settings are discussed.
“These Communities Have the Most to Gain from Valley Cityhood”
Authors: Connor Michan Andrew
Published: October 2013

Activists in the San Fernando Valley between 1996 and 2002 renewed efforts to secede from the city of Los Angeles. The movement mobilized many of the constituencies and grievances associated with the 1970s tax revolt and anti-busing protests in the Valley. While mostly white homeowners’ associations were the principal activists for secession, they needed to enlist the Valley’s Latino population. Though secession failed, Valley activists crafted a color-blind rhetoric of community empowerment that won support from many Valley Latinos and offers a preview of future metropolitan politics as whites retain economic privilege but lose demographic predominance.
Boon or Bane
Authors: Wenger Jeffrey B. , Weller Christian E.
Published: October 2013

Economic and behavioral theories arrive at different conclusions about the effect of being allowed to borrow from one’s defined-contribution (DC) retirement plan on people’s contributions to DC plans. Traditional life-cycle models unambiguously suggest that the borrowing option makes people better off than not being able to borrow. Households consequently contribute more to their DC plans than they would absent the borrowing option. Previous research finds that the ability to borrow from a DC plan increases contemporaneous contributions, consistent with traditional models. Behavioral finance, in contrast, suggests that some workers may operate with nonlinear time discounting. They plan on saving more in the future but change their mind and save less than initially planned as time passes. These workers may enjoy higher lifetime utility if they have no loan option because DC plans serve as commitment devices for retirement saving. The money cannot be used prior to retirement. Absent this commitment device, contributions may be lower for some households than would be the case without a DC loan option. We study DC plan contributions for households with heterogeneous preferences about discounting. We separate households into those that demonstrate inconsistent (or paradoxical) borrowing behavior, which may reflect nonlinear time discounting, and those with more consistent borrowing behavior. We find that a DC loan option raises current savings, but does so more for households with consistent borrowing behavior than for those with inconsistent borrowing behavior.
Religious secularity
Authors: Ghobadzadeh Naser
Published: October 2013

Despite its promises, the Islamic state of Iran has systematically prioritized political considerations over religious precepts, inadvertently generating a reformist religious discourse that challenges the very foundations of the Islamic state. This article conceptualizes the religious secularity discourse and the paradoxes ingrained in the Islamic state. The religious secularity discourse rejects the notion that Islamic holy texts offer a blueprint for governance and calls for the secular democratic state to realize the core principle of Islam: justice [ Adl]. Towards this end, inclusive secular democratic principles champion a socio-political polity conducive to the cultivation of genuine religiosity, whereby faith and religious practices are free of coercion by fellow citizens or state institutions. By blurring the boundary between the religious and the secular and challenging the religious secular dichotomy, religious secularity highlights the relevance and possibility of harmonizing Islamic and inclusive secular democratic principles.
Subsite Awareness in Neuropathology Evaluation of National Toxicology Program (NTP) Studies
Authors: Rao Deepa B. , Little Peter B. , Sills Robert C.
Published: October 2013

This review article is designed to serve as an introductory guide in neuroanatomy for toxicologic pathologists evaluating general toxicity studies. The article provides an overview of approximately 50 neuroanatomical subsites and their functional significance across 7 transverse sections of the brain. Also reviewed are 3 sections of the spinal cord, cranial and peripheral nerves (trigeminal and sciatic, respectively), and intestinal autonomic ganglia. The review is limited to the evaluation of hematoxylin and eosin–stained tissue sections, as light microscopic evaluation of these sections is an integral part of the first-tier toxicity screening of environmental chemicals, drugs, and other agents. Prominent neuroanatomical sites associated with major neurological disorders are noted. This guide, when used in conjunction with detailed neuroanatomic atlases, may aid in an understanding of the significance of functional neuroanatomy, thereby improving the characterization of neurotoxicity in general toxicity and safety evaluation studies.
Effects of Lersivirine on Canine and Rodent Thyroid Function
Authors: Houle Christopher D. , Finch Gregory L. , Mauthe Robert J. , Potter David M. , Walisser Jacqueline A. , Gardner Iain B. , DeWit Robert H.
Published: October 2013

Lersivirine is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) being developed for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Like other NNRTIs, lersivirine is a potent enzyme inducer in rodents capable of inducing a number of hepatic enzymes including those involved in its own metabolism. Preclinically lersivirine has been associated with hepatocellular hypertrophy and thyroid gland follicular cell hypertrophy in rats, mice, and dogs. In rodents, we show that development of thyroid hypertrophy is related to the classic mechanism, namely increased thyroxine (T4) clearance secondary to induction of uridine-diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT) in the liver and a resulting increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone. Similarly, lersivirine-exposed dogs exhibit a significant increase in hepatic UDPGT enzyme activity along with increased T4 clearance although clear effects on serum thyroid hormone levels were less apparent. These effects on thyroid hormonal clearance in the dog suggest that thyroid gland hypertrophy in this species is due to the same mechanism shown to occur in rodents although, as expected, dogs better adapt to these effects and therefore maintain relatively normal thyroid hormonal balance. It is also notable that the minimal thyroid follicular hypertrophy that occurs in dogs does not progress as is seen in rodents. As is the case with rodents, these adaptive changes in the dog are not considered indicative of a human health risk.
Outcomes of Isolated Basilar Skull Fracture: Readmission, Meningitis, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak
Authors: McCutcheon Brandon A. , Orosco Ryan K. , Chang David C. , Salazar Francesca R. , Talamini Mark A. , Maturo Stephen , Magit Anthony
Published: October 2013

Objective

To determine rates of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, meningitis, and readmission in pediatric and adult patients with isolated basilar skull fracture.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional analysis of a statewide database.

Subjects

Patients with isolated basilar skull fracture (1995‐2010).

Methods

Patients were identified within the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development database using ICD‐9 diagnosis codes.

Results

A total of 3563 pediatric and 10,761 adult patients met inclusion criteria. In‐hospital rates of meningitis (0.48% and 0.64%, P =. 3360) and CSF leak (2.33% and 1.75%, P =. 0270) were similar among children and adults, respectively. Rates of 90‐day meningitis (0.17% and 0.37%, P =. 0714) and CSF leak (0.40% and 0.40%, P =. 9823) were also similar. Thirty‐day readmission was 4.6% for children compared with 12.4% for adults (P <. 001). For both pediatric and adult patients, extra‐axial hematoma (odds ratio [OR] [confidence interval {CI}] 1.65 [1.05‐2.59] and 1.61 [1.34‐1.95]) and comorbidities (OR [CI] 2.19 [1.11‐4.34] and 1.28 [1.04‐1.59]) were associated with significant increases in 30‐day readmission. Loss of consciousness greater than 1 hour (OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.53‐6.08) and CSF leak (OR, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.41‐7.64) increased the likelihood of pediatric readmissions. Lack of insurance (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50‐0.90) and female gender (OR 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70‐0.99) reduced the likelihood of adult readmission.

Conclusion

Meningitis and CSF leak following isolated basilar skull fractures are uncommon. Readmission within 30 days was more common in adults than in children. CSF leak, hematoma, and prolonged loss of consciousness increased the likelihood of readmission in children. Intracranial injury, male gender, having insurance, and comorbidities increased the likelihood of readmission in adults.
A rare variety of mixed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Authors: Mishra Amit , Sharma Pranav , Patel Ramesh , Panchal Jigar , Solanki Atul
Published: October 2013

We describe a rare case of mixed supra- and infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in a 2-month-old boy weighing 2.3 kg who was admitted with central cyanosis. Although the surgical repair was successful, the child died due to pulmonary hypertensive crisis.
Left atrial reduction in modified maze procedure with concomitant mitral surgery
Authors: Kasemsarn Choosak , Lerdsomboon Piyawat , Sungkahaphong Vibhan , Chotivatanapong Taweesak
Published: October 2013

Background

An association between mitral valve disease and atrial fibrillation is common. Modifications of energy sources have simplified surgical ablation. Left atrial size reduction should improve outcomes of the maze operation.

Methods

Between 2004 and 2011, 236 patients with permanent atrial fibrillation and mitral valve disease underwent mitral valve surgery and modified biatrial radiofrequency ablation. The study evaluated cardiac rhythm, atrial size, atrial contractility, and survival.

Results

The mitral valve was repaired in 88 (37.3%) patients and replaced in 148 (62.7%). The left atrium was reduced in 192 (81.4%) patients: 31 (13.1%) had posterior wall reduction and 161 (68.2%) had right lateral and posterior wall resection. The 30-day mortality was 4.2% (10/236). The median follow-up was 41 months. Actuarial freedom from atrial fibrillation at 1 year and last follow-up was 87.7% and 84.9%, respectively. Predictors of recurrence were preoperative left atrial diameter >60 mm ( p = 0.002), postoperative diameter >50 mm ( p < 0.001), atrial fibrillation on day 7 ( p < 0.001), and technique of reduction (posterolateral/posterior) in patients with atrial size >60 mm ( p = 0.017). Atrial fibrillation during follow-up ( p = 0.002) and age >60 years ( p = 0.003) were significant predictors of poorer survival. During 5-year follow-up, non-atrial fibrillation patients survived significantly longer than atrial fibrillation patients ( p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Radiofrequency ablation is an effective option for treatment of permanent atrial fibrillation concomitant with mitral valve surgery. Atrial reduction to <50 mm improves success. Elimination of atrial fibrillation significantly prolongs patient survival.
Surgical treatment of systemic embolization by cardiac metastasis of lung cancer
Authors: Santise Gianluca , Raffa Giuseppe Maria , Pilato Michele
Published: October 2013

Pulmonary vein infiltration from a malignant lung neoplasm is a serious condition that may result in a constant source of systemic emboli. Although surgery is often indicated to prevent recurrent embolism, aggressive approaches have shown a high rate of perioperative morbidity. We herein report the case of a patient diagnosed with lung cancer infiltrating the cardiac chambers through the left superior pulmonary vein, who was treated by left pulmonary vein patch closure as a preventive and less invasive measure to reduce the thromboembolic risk.
Devised reinforcement of distal stump in total arch replacement using BioGlue
Authors: Tokunaga Shigehiko , Yasuda Shota , Masuda Munetaka
Published: October 2013

Although thoracic endovascular aortic repair and the open stent-grafting technique have become popular, surgical replacement of the aorta remains the procedure of choice for arch aneurysms. Distal anastomosis in total arch replacement is fraught with danger in the patient with a fragile aortic wall, and can lead to uncontrollable bleeding from the fragile distal stump with existing reinforcement techniques. We describe an easy and secure distal anastomosis reinforcement technique, the “BioGlue rolled sandwich technique”, for total arch replacement, which avoids the difficulties of application of BioGlue near the vagus and phrenic nerves.
Triple synchronous primary lung cancer
Authors: Zardo Patrick , Krüer Thomas , Schiffmann Stefan , Freermann Stefan , Fischer Stefan
Published: October 2013

Synchronous multiple primary lung cancer is rare and difficult to differentiate from metastatic disease. State-of-the-art diagnostic tools may contribute to discern synchronous multiple primary lung cancer from lung cancer or other primary tumors with pulmonary metastases, thus allowing implementation of curative strategies. We report the case of a 72-year-old woman with 3 synchronous primary lung cancers.
The power of interaction rituals: The Student Volunteer Army and the Christchurch earthquakes
Authors: Lewis Kate V.
Published: October 2013

This article is based on an example of socially entrepreneurial practice – the creation of the Student Volunteer Army – by a young New Zealander, Sam Johnson, immediately after a natural disaster: the Christchurch earthquakes of 2010 and 2011. Collins’ interaction ritual chain theory is used as a theoretical framework for examining the micro-sociological interactions that underpinned this socially innovative response during a state of emergency. The emotion and power generated via these chains of interaction rituals (within and beyond the socially entrepreneurial Student Volunteer Army) had significant impact and positive outcomes that spilled over advantageously. The article finds relevance in examining micro-interaction rituals within bounded contexts as a result of their potential to result in macro-behavioural and/or cultural changes.
Reconsidering capitalism: the promise of social innovation and social entrepreneurship?
Authors: Shaw Eleanor , de Bruin Anne
Published: October 2013

This special edition explores and analyses the complexities and possibilities of social enterprise and social innovation. While these related concepts have been subject to considerable research, policy and practitioner attention, detailed empirical studies of the processes involved, the impact of social enterprises, the effects of social innovations and the motivations of social entrepreneurs, and those with whom they partner, are rare. The articles which follow present fresh evidence to provide contemporary insights into: the role of risk in shaping the effectiveness of social enterprises; the mediating function of not-for-profit organisations in the process of social innovation; the relevance of local embeddedness and sociocultural context; and the practice of social entrepreneurship within fluctuating and difficult environmental circumstances. These articles provide convincing examinations of and insights into social enterprise and social innovation which, at times, challenge dominant state within the ‘mainstream’ entrepreneurship discourse. Individually, they offer recommendations for future research and collectively, identify a research agenda for developing knowledge about social entrepreneurship and social innovation.
Channels as content curators: Multiplatform strategies for documentary film and factual content in British public service broadcasting
Authors: Sørensen Inge Ejbye
Published: October 2013

Today, VOD (video on demand) sites and portals specializing in long-form, high-quality documentary and factual content proliferate online. This article explores the multiplatform strategies of public service broadcasters in the UK in this context. It examines how the BBC and Channel 4 address the masses of user generated content that flood the documentary market and partake in the battle for audiences for documentary films and factual content in a multiplatform context. Both channels seek to reinvent themselves as public service media providers and curators of documentary content online, in order to fulfil public service remits and secure their positions as leading providers of documentary and factual content across platforms in a global multiplatform mediascape. However, by contrasting Channel 4’s online ‘verticals’ with the BBC’s themed and branded documentary portals, the article argues that although Channel 4 and BBC pursue similar strategies online they do so for different reasons and to different effect.
Appropriate Evidence Sources for Populating Decision Analytic Models within Health Technology Assessment (HTA)
Authors: Zechmeister-Koss Ingrid , Schnell-Inderst Petra , Zauner Günther
Published: October 2013

Background. An increasing number of evidence sources are relevant for populating decision analytic models. What is needed is detailed methodological advice on which type of data is to be used for what type of model parameter. Purpose. We aim to identify standards in health technology assessment manuals and economic (modeling) guidelines on appropriate evidence sources and on the role different types of data play within a model. Methods. Documents were identified via a call among members of the International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment and by hand search. We included documents from Europe, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand as well as transnational guidelines written in English or German. We systematically summarized in a narrative manner information on appropriate evidence sources for model parameters, their advantages and limitations, data identification methods, and data quality issues. Results. A large variety of evidence sources for populating models are mentioned in the 28 documents included. They comprise research- and non–research-based sources. Valid and less appropriate sources are identified for informing different types of model parameters, such as clinical effect size, natural history of disease, resource use, unit costs, and health state utility values. Guidelines do not provide structured and detailed advice on this issue. Limitations. The article does not include information from guidelines in languages other than English or German, and the information is not tailored to specific modeling techniques. Conclusions. The usability of guidelines and manuals for modeling could be improved by addressing the issue of evidence sources in a more structured and comprehensive format.
Relationship between cerebrospinal fluid flow, ventricles morphology, and DTI properties in internal capsules: differences between Alzheimer's disease and normal-pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Daouk Joël , Chaarani Bader , Zmudka Jadwiga , Capel Cyrille , Fichten Anthony , Bouzerar Roger , Gondry-Jouet Catherine , Jouanny Pierre , Balédent Olivier
Published: October 2013

Background

Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have some similar clinical features and both involve white matter and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) disorders.

Purpose

To compare putative relationships between ventricular morphology, CSF flow, and white matter diffusion in AD and NPH.

Material and Methods

Thirty patients (18 with AD and 12 with suspected NPH) were included in the study. All patients underwent a 3-Tesla MRI scan, which included phase-contrast MRI of the aqueduct (to assess the aqueductal CSF stroke volume) and a DTI session (to calculate the fractional anisotropy [FA] and apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC]) in the internal capsules).

Results

FA was correlated with ventricular volume in the suspected NPH population ( P < 0.001; rs = 0.88), whereas the ADC was highly correlated with the aqueductal CSF stroke volume in AD ( P < 0.001; rs = 0.79).

Conclusion

Although AD and NPH both involve CSF disorders, the two diseases do not have the same impact on the internal capsules. The magnitude of the ADC is related to the aqueductal CSF stroke volume in AD, whereas FA is related to ventricular volume in NPH.
Prominent hypointense veins on susceptibility weighted image in the cat brain with acute infarction: DWI, SWI, and PWI
Authors: Kim Yong-Woo , Kim Hak Jin , Choi Seon Hee , Kim Dong Chan
Published: October 2013

Background

The multiple prominent hypointense veins on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) have been found in the ischemic territory of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Venous side is the unknown area in the hemodynamics of brain infarction.

Purpose

To evaluate the venous aspect in acute brain infarction through an animal study.

Material and Methods

The acute infarction in cat brains was induced with a bolus infusion of 0.25 mL of triolein through one side of the common carotid artery. The magnetic resonance (MR) images, including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map, SW, and perfusion-weighted (PWI) images, were obtained serially at 2 h ( n = 17), 1 day ( n = 11), and 4 days ( n = 4) after triolein infusion. The obtained MR images were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. For qualitative assessment, the signal intensity of the serial MR images was evaluated. The presence or absence and the location with serial changes of infarction were identified on DWI and ADC map images. The presence or absence of prominent hypointense veins and the serial changes of cortical veins were also evaluated on SWI. Quantitative assessment was performed by comparing the relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), cerebral blood flow (rCBF), and mean transit times (MTT) of the lesions with those of the contralateral normal side calculated on PWI. The serial changes of rCBV, rCBF, and MTT ratio were also evaluated.

Results

Acute infarction in the first and second medial gyrus of lesion hemisphere was found by qualitative evaluation of DWI and ADC map images. On the serial evaluation of SWI, the cortical veins of cat brain with infarction were obscured at 2 h and then re-appeared at 1 day. The hemorrhage transformation and prominent hypointense veins were seen at 4 days on SWI. The quantitative evaluation revealed increased MTT ratios and decreased rCBV and rCBF ratios on PWIs in the acute infarction of cat brain.

Conclusion

The prominent hypointense veins on SWI were seen in the half of the acute infarction at 4 days. The prominent hypointense veins on SWI may have good agreement with the increased MTT ratio.
Increasing Platelet Concentrations in Leukocyte-Reduced Platelet-Rich Plasma Decrease Collagen Gene Synthesis in Tendons
Authors: Boswell Stacie G. , Schnabel Lauren V. , Mohammed Hussni O. , Sundman Emily A. , Minas Tom , Fortier Lisa A.
Published: October 2013

Background:

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is used for the treatment of tendinopathy. There are numerous PRP preparations, and the optimal combination of platelets and leukocytes is not known.

Hypothesis:

Within leukocyte-reduced PRP (lrPRP), there is a plateau effect of platelet concentration, with increasing platelet concentrations being detrimental to extracellular matrix synthesis.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Different formulations of lrPRP with respect to the platelet:leukocyte ratio were generated from venous blood of 8 horses. Explants of the superficial digital flexor tendon were cultured in lrPRP products for 96 hours. Platelet-derived growth factor–BB (PDGF-BB), tumor necrosis factor−α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor–β1 (TGF-β1), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentrations were determined in the media by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gene expression in tendon tissue for collagen type I and III ( COL1A1 and COL3A1, respectively), matrix metalloproteinase−3 and −13 ( MMP-3 and MMP-13, respectively), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), and IL-1β was determined. Data were divided into 3 groups of lrPRP based on the ratio of platelets:leukocytes and evaluated to determine the effect of platelet concentration.

Results:

Complete blood counts verified leukocyte reduction and platelet enrichment in all PRP preparations. In the lrPRP preparation, the anabolic growth factors PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 were increased with increasing platelet concentrations, and the catabolic cytokine IL-1β was decreased with increasing platelet concentrations. Increasing the platelet concentration resulted in a significant reduction in COL1A1 and COL3A1 synthesis in tendons.

Conclusion:

Increasing the platelet concentration within lrPRP preparations results in the delivery of more anabolic growth factors and less proinflammatory cytokines, but the biological effect on tendons is diminished metabolism as indicated by a decrease in the synthesis of both COL1A1 and COL3A1. Together, this information suggests that minimizing leukocytes in PRP is more important than maximizing platelet numbers with respect to decreasing inflammation and enhancing matrix gene synthesis.

Clinical Relevance:

This study suggests that reducing leukocytes to minimize catabolic signaling appears to be more important than increasing platelets in an effort to maximize anabolic signaling. Further, a maximum biological threshold of benefit was demonstrated with regard to the number of platelets beyond which further increases in platelet concentration did not result in further anabolic upregulation. In vivo investigations documenting the use of platelets for the treatment of tendinopathy are justified as well as further in vitro characterization of the ideal PRP product for the treatment of tendinopathy and other musculoskeletal applications.
Injuries Among Spanish Male Amateur Soccer Players
Authors: Herrero Helena , Salinero Juan José , Del Coso Juan
Published: October 2013

Background:

Soccer is the most popular sport worldwide, with about 265 million players, both professionals and amateurs. Most research investigating soccer injuries has focused on professional players because they have greater exposure time, but most soccer players are at the recreational level.

Purpose:

To undertake a retrospective epidemiological study of the injuries sustained in Spanish amateur soccer during the 2010-2011 season.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiological study.

Methods:

Any injuries incurred by the 134,570 recreational soccer players (aged 18-55 years) registered with the Spanish Football Federation were reported to the federation’s medical staff. A standardized medical questionnaire, based on the Fédération International de Football Association (FIFA) Medical and Research Centre (F-MARC) consensus for collection procedures in studies of soccer injuries, was used to classify the injury according to type, severity, location, and treatment.

Results:

A total of 15,243 injuries were reported, with an average of 0.11 injuries per player and per year. From the total number of injuries, 67.2% were classified as injuries that resulted in time loss, while the remaining 32.7% were injuries that required medical attention. Most injuries led to a minimum of 1 competitive match being missed (87%), and only 2.5% were recurrent injuries. The rate of injuries per 1000 hours of play was double during games (1.15/1000 hours) compared with during training (0.49/1000 hours). From the total number of injuries reported, 7.7% corresponded to goalkeepers, 24.2% to forwards, 33.8% to defenders, and 34.3% to midfielders. The knee (29.9%) and ankle joints (12.4%) were the most common body locations injured, while ligament sprains and ruptures accounted for 32.1% of the total injuries attended. Older amateur players (age ≥30 years) had a greater number of injuries per year and per 1000 hours of play than their younger counterparts.

Conclusion:

The risk of injury in amateur soccer is lower than that previously reported in professional players. The most common complaints in amateur players are knee ligament injuries. Further research is needed to investigate ways of reducing the incidence of injuries in amateur soccer.
The Effect of an 8-Week Tai Chi Exercise Program on Physical Functional Performance in Middle-Aged Women
Authors: Zacharia Susan , Taylor E. Laurette , Hofford Craig W. , Brittain Danielle R. , Branscum Paul W.
Published: October 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an 8-week Tai Chi Chih exercise program on physical functional performance (PFP) among women aged 45 to 65 years. A quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent comparison group was used. Forty-one healthy inactive women were assigned to either an intervention group ( n = 19) or a comparison group ( n = 19). A 60-min Tai Chi Chih exercise class was conducted twice a week for 8 weeks. PFP was measured at baseline and postintervention using the Continuous Scale Physical Functional Performance–10 (CS-PFP 10). Between-group differences were analyzed using one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). After participating in the 8-week program, intervention group participants showed greater improvement in the CS-PFP measures ( p < .05, η2 > .06). However, the comparison group had little changes. The findings from this study suggest that participation in an 8-week Tai Chi Chih exercise program can improve PFP in healthy, community-dwelling middle-aged women.
Dynamic waste management (DWM): Towards an evolutionary decision-making approach
Authors: Rojo Gabriel , Glaus Mathias , Hausler Robert , Laforest Valérie , Bourgeois Jacques
Published: October 2013

To guarantee sustainable and dynamic waste management, the dynamic waste management approach (DWM) suggests an evolutionary new approach that maintains a constant flow towards the most favourable waste treatment processes (facilities) within a system. To that end, DWM is based on the law of conservation of energy, which allows the balancing of a network, while considering the constraints of incoming ( h1) and outgoing ( h2) loads, as well as the distribution network ( ΔH) characteristics. The developed approach lies on the identification of the prioritization index ( PI) for waste generators (analogy to h1), a global allocation index for each of the treatment processes (analogy to h2) and the linear index load loss ( ΔH) associated with waste transport. To demonstrate the scope of DWM, we outline this approach, and then present an example of its application. The case study shows that the variable monthly waste from the three considered sources is dynamically distributed in priority to the more favourable processes. Moreover, the reserve (stock) helps temporarily store waste in order to ease the global load of the network and favour a constant feeding of the treatment processes. The DWM approach serves as a decision-making tool by evaluating new waste treatment processes, as well as their location and new means of transport for waste.
A study on constrained efficient global optimization method for noisy computational fluid dynamics data
Authors: Bae Hyo Gil , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: October 2013

The efficient global optimization method is a global optimization technique that can select the next sample point automatically by infill sampling criteria and search for the global minimum with less samples than the conventional global optimization needs. Infill sampling criteria function consists of the predictor and mean square error provided from the kriging model, which is a stochastic metamodel. Also, the constrained efficient global optimization method can minimize the objective function when dealing with constraints under the efficient global optimization concept. In this study, the constrained efficient global optimization method was applied to the RAE2822 airfoil shape design formulated with constraint. But the noisy computational fluid dynamics data caused the kriging model to fail to depict the true function. The distorted kriging model would make the efficient global optimization deviate from the correct search. This distortion of kriging model can be handled with the interpolation (p = free) kriging model. With the interpolation (p = free) kriging model, however, the search for efficient global optimization solution was stalled in a narrow feasible region, so there were less chances to update the objective and constraint functions. Then the accuracy of the efficient global optimization solution may not be good enough, so the three-step search method is proposed to obtain an accurate global minimum as well as prevent the distortion of kriging model for the noisy constrained computational fluid dynamics problem.
Improved robust Huber-based divided difference filtering
Authors: Li Wei , Liu Meihong , Duan Dengping
Published: October 2013

This article derives an improved robust Huber-based divided difference filter by using the Huber’s technique, in which the nonlinear measurement function is directly used in the nonlinear regression equation instead of the linear or statistical approximation. The presented filtering algorithm exhibits robustness against the deviations from the Gaussian error distribution and has better estimate accuracy compared with the Huber-based divided difference filter. This filter is applied to a benchmark problem of estimating the trajectory of an entry body from discrete-time range data measured by a radar tracking station. Simulation results indicate that the proposed filter algorithm outperforms the previous methods in terms of robustness and accuracy.
The effect of acute physical exercise on cytokine levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: da Silva AE , dos Reis-Neto E Torres , da Silva NP , Sato EI
Published: October 2013

Background

Acute exercise increases IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α levels in healthy subjects. There is no study evaluating the effect of exercise on cytokines level in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.

Objective

Our aim was to assess IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α levels at baseline and after acute physical exercise in patients with SLE.

Methods

In total, 27 female SLE patients and 30 healthy controls were evaluated. Serum levels of IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α at baseline and soon after the ergospirometric test were measured by ELISA test. Student's t-tests and Mann–Whitney test were used for intra- and inter-group comparisons; p values <0.05 were considered significant.

Results

Patients with SLE presented worse ergospirometric parameters compared with controls: VO2max (25.78 ± 5.51 vs. 32.74 ± 5.85 ml/kg/min, p < 0.001); maximum heart rate (174.18 ± 12.36 vs. 185.15 ± 2.07 bpm, p = 0.001); maximum ventilation (65.51 ± 15.68 vs. 80.48 ± 18.98 l/min, p = 0.001) and maximum speed (7.70 ± 1.24 vs. 9.40 ± 1.22 km/h, p < 0.001). At baseline, SLE patients presented higher levels of IL-6 (2.38 ± 1.70 vs. 1.71 ± 0.29 pg/ml, p = 0.035) and IL-10 (1.09 ± 1.55 vs. 0.30 ± 0.11 pg/ml, p = 0.037) than controls. Acute exercise in controls increased IL-6 level (1.71 ± 0.29 vs. 2.01 ± 0.27 pg/ml, p = 0.003) without change in IL-10 and TNF-α levels. However, no significant change in cytokine levels was observed in SLE patients after acute exercise.

Conclusion

This is the first study evaluating the effect of acute exercise on cytokine levels in patients with SLE. In contrast to healthy controls, acute physical exercise did not increase the levels of IL-6 in patients with SLE, and seems to be safe in those patients with inactive or mild active disease.
Examining the Relationship Between Routine Activities and Malware Infection Indicators
Authors: Holt Thomas J. , Bossler Adam M.
Published: October 2013

The threat of attacks enabled by malicious software, or programs used to compromise computer systems and steal information, has increased dramatically over the last two decades. There has, however, been little research considering the correlates of malware infection victimization. Thus, this study attempts to refine the existing literature on malware victimization using multiple measures for the presence of an infection and a Routine Activities framework to identify the correlates of infection in a sample of students, faculty, and staff at a southeastern university. The implications of this study for criminological theory and cybercrime research are discussed in detail.
Perceived Support, Knowledge Tacitness, and Provider Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Swift Michele L. , Virick Meghna
Published: October 2013

This study provides a direct test of social exchange theory on knowledge sharing from the perspective of the provider by examining the role of both perceived coworker support (PCS) and perceived organizational support (POS) on the extent to which employees share their knowledge with their coworkers. Also examined is the moderating role of knowledge tacitness. Results show PCS has a strong positive relationship with provider knowledge sharing but, contrary to expectation, POS does not have a significant relationship. Further, knowledge tacitness moderates the relationship between PCS and knowledge sharing such that the relationship between PCS and knowledge sharing is stronger for providers who perceive their knowledge as tacit. However, the difference in knowledge sharing between providers with knowledge high in tacitness versus low in tacitness is greatest at low levels of PCS and decreases as PCS increases. The implications of these findings to research and practice are discussed.
Overweight and Obesity Among Hispanic Children Entering Foster Care
Authors: Schneiderman Janet U. , Smith Caitlin , Arnold-Clark Janet S. , Fuentes Jorge , Duan Lei , Palinkas Lawrence A.
Published: October 2013

This retrospective medical chart review examined the prevalence of overweight/obesity (≥85th percentile) and obesity (≥95th percentile) in Hispanic foster children aged 2–18 years in Los Angeles, California. Logistic regression was used for boys and girls separately to analyze polyvictimization (i.e., one vs. two or more types of maltreatment), type of maltreatment (abuse vs. neglect), and age-group as risk factors for overweight and obesity. Almost 40% of participants were overweight/obese, with the highest prevalence (47.7%) observed among children aged 12–18. Children aged 6–18 were at an increased risk of overweight/obesity and obesity compared with children aged 2–5. Although polyvictimization has been shown to have adverse health effects, in this study, it was related to slightly lower odds of obesity for boys but was unrelated to high weight for girls. Addressing the obesity epidemic among Hispanic foster children is vital to preventing continued obesity and the development of obesity-related health problems, especially by focusing on important community and family influences.
Intimate Partner Violence and the Relation Between Help-Seeking Behavior and the Severity and Frequency of Physical Violence Among Women in Turkey
Authors: Ergöçmen Banu Akadlı , Yüksel-Kaptanoğlu İlknur , Jansen Henrica A. F. M. (Henriette)
Published: October 2013

This study explores the severity and frequency of physical violence from an intimate partner experienced by 15- to 59-year-old women and their help-seeking behavior by using data from the “National Research on Domestic Violence Against Women in Turkey.” Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were conducted to compare the relationship between severity and frequency of violence and women’s characteristics. Of all ever-partnered women, 36% have been exposed to partner violence; almost half of these experienced severe types of violence. Women used informal strategies to manage the violence instead of seeking help from formal institutions. Help-seeking behavior increases with increased severity and frequency of violence.
Rape Myth Acceptance Impacts the Reporting of Rape to the Police
Authors: Heath Nicole M. , Lynch Shannon M. , Fritch April M. , Wong Maria M.
Published: October 2013

We examined the association between rape myth acceptance (RMA) and reporting rapes to the police. Situational characteristics of the rape (e.g., stranger attack, injury) are known predictors of reporting, but no existing studies have examined the association between beliefs about rape and reporting. In addition, most studies of RMA do not assess victimization history. Incarcerated women experience high rates of sexual assaults prior to incarceration. We recruited 74 rape survivors from a northwestern state prison. Results suggest that women who endorsed higher levels of RMA were less likely to report their rapes to police; however, participants endorsed few rape myths.
The Impact of Offenders Leaving the Scene on the Police Decision to Arrest in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Hirschel David , Buzawa Eve S.
Published: October 2013

In this article, the authors examine an issue that has not been studied in depth by prior research: the impact that fleeing the scene has on the likelihood of arrest in intimate partner violence cases. Using police data obtained from 25 police departments in four states, and controlling for a variety of incident, offender, victim, and jurisdictional characteristics, the authors find that an offender who flees the scene of the incident is more than 5 times less likely to be arrested than one who remains at the scene. The policy implications of the findings are discussed.
“Relationships So Loving and So Hurtful”
Authors: Kanuha Valli Kalei
Published: October 2013

Intimate partner violence (IPV) in Asian, Pacific Islander, and Native Hawaiian (APINH) queer women’s and lesbian relationships was examined through interviews with 24 APINH respondents. Seven major themes were uncovered in the dynamics of intimate violence: (a) control, intimidation, and instilling fear; (b) “deep” emotional intimacy; (c) first, early, or rebound relationships; (d) sexual jealousy and possessiveness; (e) shame as a barrier; (f) limited social and potential partner networks; and (g) crossing/intersecting gender in the “butch” as victim. Study implications include expanding research on same-sex IPV focusing on the intersection of ethnicity, gender, and sexual identity.
Frequency of Intimate Partner Violence and Rural Women’s Mental Health in Four Indian States
Authors: Stephenson Rob , Winter Amy , Hindin Michelle
Published: October 2013

This study examines the association between self-reported frequency of verbal, physical, and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) and mental health among 6,303 rural married women (age 15-49), in four Indian states: Bihar, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu. Data are taken from the 2002-2003 National Family Health Survey-2 Follow-Up Survey. The results indicate that experiencing physical, verbal, or sexual IPV is associated with an increased risk of adverse mental health outcomes. Our results provide support for the importance of screening for IPV in mental health settings, especially in resource-poor settings where both IPV and mental health are often overlooked.
On Timoshenko thin elastic inclusions inside elastic bodies
Authors: Khludnev AM , Leugering GR
Published: October 2013

The paper concerns the analysis of equilibrium problems for 2D elastic bodies with thin inclusions modeled in the framework of Timoshenko beams. The first focus is on the well-posedness of the model problem in a variational setting. Then delaminations of the inclusions are considered, forming a crack between the elastic body and the inclusion. Nonlinear boundary conditions at the crack faces are considered to prevent a mutual penetration between the faces. The corresponding variational formulations together with weak and strong solutions are discussed. The model contains various physical parameters characterizing the mechanical properties of the inclusion, such as flexural and shear stiffness. The paper provides an asymptotic analysis of such parameters. It is proved that in the limit cases corresponding to infinite and zero rigidity, we obtain rigid inclusions and cracks with the non-penetration conditions, respectively. Finally, exemplary networks of Timoshenko beams are considered as inclusions as well.
Necking modes in multilayers and their influence on tearing toughness
Authors: Hutchinson John W
Published: October 2013

Periodic bifurcation modes that occur in ductile multilayered plates or sheets stretched in plane strain tension are analyzed to reveal whether necks are likely to localize at the scale of the thickness of individual layers or at the scale of the full thickness of the multilayer. The energy dissipated in tearing a ductile multilayer scales with the extent of the localized thinning region in the tensile direction. If plates or sheets with high tearing toughness are desired, the combination of layers should be chosen to suppress necking localization at the scale of individual layers. Insight into the properties and thicknesses of the layers required to suppress short-wavelength necking is revealed by a bifurcation analysis of multilayers comprised of metal layers having different strength and hardening behaviors and multilayers combining metal and elastomer layers. Several examples suggest that when localization takes place at the scale of the individual layers it may occur in the form of a band inclined through the thickness.
A one-dimensional fractional order thermoelastic problem for a spherical cavity
Authors: Sherief Hany H , Abd El-Latief AM
Published: October 2013

We apply the fractional order theory of thermoelasticity to a one-dimensional problem for a spherical cavity subjected to a thermal shock. The predictions of the theory are discussed and compared with those for the generalized theory of thermoelasticity.