bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metal‐Free, Light‐Catalyzed ATRP For the Synthesis of Functional PVDF‐Based Block Copolymers and Their Characterization
Authors: Altomare Aldo , Sognane Rouguy , Fiorito Alice , Loos Katja
Published: October 2024

The synthesis and characterization of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)‐based block copolymers using a metal‐free light‐catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) approach are described. A PVDF macroinitiator with C─Br bonds at both ends of the chain is synthesized, and an organic photoredox catalyst (OPRC) is used to control the process. The metal‐free process expands the possibilities for the synthesis and application of PVDF‐based block copolymers, as it allows the use of monomers that is previously incompatible with classical ATRP due to their interaction with metal catalysts. The synthesized block copolymers are characterized structurally and thermally as powder materials and in thin films. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) analysis revealed that the crystalline phase of PVDF changes when thin films are formed. Specifically, the disappearance of the FT‐IR peaks related to the gamma phase and the presence of characteristic peaks related to the alpha and beta phases indicate that film formation rearranged the PVDF chains, leading to changes in their crystalline phases. These PVDF‐based block copolymers have unique properties, including high thermal stability, chemical resistance, and piezoelectricity, making them potential candidates for use in various fields, such as biomedical engineering, energy storage, and electronic devices.
Strong Kähler with torsion solvable lie algebras with codimension 2 nilradical
Authors: Brienza Beatrice , Fino Anna
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we study strong Kähler with torsion (SKT) and generalized Kähler structures on solvable Lie algebras with (not necessarily abelian) codimension 2 nilradical. We treat separately the case of ‐invariant nilradical and non‐‐invariant nilradical. A classification of such SKT Lie algebras in dimension 6 is provided. In particular, we give a general construction to extend SKT nilpotent Lie algebras to SKT solvable Lie algebras of higher dimension, and we construct new examples of SKT and generalized Kähler compact solvmanifolds.
Energy Metabolic Profile in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Preliminary Landscape of Warburg Effect in Oral Cancer
Authors: Gonçalves Francisca Aurina , da Silva Bittencourt Leonardo , Barbosa Silvia , Diel Leonardo Francisco , Bernardi Lisiane , Matte Cristiane , Lamers Marcelo Lazzaron
Published: October 2024

We hypothesized that cell energy metabolic profiles correlate with normal, dysplastic, and tumor cell/tissue statuses and may be indicators of aggressiveness in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. The energy‐related proteins that were differentially expressed in human OSCC fragments (n = 3) and their adjacent epithelial tissue (TAE) were verified using mass spectrometry (MS). Immunohistochemistry for 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE) was performed to evaluate the oxidative stress patterns in OSCC (n = 10), epithelial dysplasia (n = 9), and normal epithelial (n = 4) biopsies. The metabolic energy profile of OSCC aggressiveness was investigated in human OSCC cell lines with different levels of epithelial–mesenchymal transition proteins. The genes associated with the proteins found by MS in this study were analyzed using survival analysis (OS), whereas the genes associated with a poorer prognosis were analyzed using context‐specific expression, Gene Ontology (GO) and Cancer Hallmarks for function enrichment analysis. The rationale for all experimental approach was to investigate whether the variation in energy metabolism profile accompanies the different phenotypes (from epithelial to mesenchymal) during the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. All OSCC fragments exhibited an increase in glycolysis‐related proteins and a decrease in mitochondrial activity compared to the TAE region (p < 0.05), probably due to the downregulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase and antioxidant proteins. Additionally, the OSCC cell lines with a mesenchymal profile (SCC4, SCC9, and SCC25) had a lower mitochondrial mass and membrane potential and generated lower levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species than the TAE region. When we analyzed 4‐HNE, the reactive species levels were increased in the epithelial regions of OSCC and potentially malignant lesions. A decrease in the levels of 4‐HNE/reactive species was observed in the connective tissue underlying the dysplastic regions and the OSCC invasion zone. Based on this scenario, aggressive OSCC is associated with high glycolytic and oxidative metabolism and low mitochondrial and antioxidant activities, which vary according to the differentiation level of the tumor cells and the stage of carcinogenesis.
Vitamin B12 protects necrosis of acinar cells in pancreatic tissues with acute pancreatitis
Authors: Chen Yulin , Li Xue , Lu Ran , Lv Yinchun , Wu Yongzi , Ye Junman , Zhao Jin , Li Li , Huang Qiaorong , Meng Wentong , Long Feiwu , Huang Wei , Xia Qing , Yu Jianbo , Fan Chuanwen , Mo Xianming
Published: October 2024

Pharmacological agents regarding the most optimal treatments of acute pancreatitis remain. One‐carbon metabolism nutrients as therapeutic agents in many diseases might be involved in acute pancreatitis. The roles are acquired exploration in acute pancreatitis. We utilized Mendelian randomization to assess the causal impact of folate, homocysteine, and vitamin B12 (VB12) on acute pancreatitis. Wild‐type and corresponding genetically modified mouse models were used to verify the genetic correlating findings. A negative association between genetically predicted serum VB12 levels and risks of acute pancreatitis was identified in human population. The transcobalamin receptor (TCblR)/CD320 gene ablation that decreased cellular VB12 uptake and ATP production in pancreatic tissues promoted necrosis, resulting in much severe pathological changes of induced acute pancreatitis in mice. VB12 pretreatment and posttreatment dramatically increased ATP levels in pancreatic tissues and reduced the necrosis, then the elevated levels of amylase in serum, the levels of CK‐19, the activity of trypsin, and T lymphocyte infiltration in pancreatic tissues, prevented the pancreatic gross loss and ameliorated histopathological changes of mouse pancreases with induced acute pancreatitis. The results reveal that VB12 is potential as a therapeutic agent to inhibit tissue injuries and adaptive inflammatory responses in the pancreas in patients with acute pancreatitis.
The Influence of R&D Intensity on Supply Chain Transparency: Evidence From the Disclosure Substitution Perspective
Authors: Sun Junqin , Wang Fangjun , Lyu Chongchong , Wang Yu
Published: October 2024

This paper shows that the existence of disclosure‐related costs and benefits explains the influence of R&D intensity on supply chain transparency. We find that R&D‐active firms are more likely to redact supply chain identities but disclose supply chain distribution as a substitution. The effect of withholding (disclosing) the specific identities (distribution) of supply chain is more (less) pronounced when firms are in higher competitive industries or non–state‐owned enterprises. Our study provides evidence of disclosure substitution behavior in a unified voluntary setting of supply chain transparency and shows that partial disclosure of nonproprietary information may be optimal.
Review of the 8th autumn school in chemoinformatics
Authors: Gasteiger Johann
Published: October 2024

This paper gives an overview of the lectures and posters presented at the 8th Autumn School in Chemoinformatics held in Nara, Japan on 28th ‐ 30th November 2023. The topics ranged from the study of chemical reactions through drug design and the use of Chemical Language Models and electronic structure informatics to the modeling of materials. In addition, a brief overview of the 50 years of work in chemoinformatics by Johann Gasteiger is given with an emphasis on the essential decisions during his scientific career.
Evaluating the significance of latent tuberculosis infection treatment in high‐incidence countries
Authors: Gupta Ankur , Arora Garhima , Bairagi Nandadulal , Chatterjee Samrat
Published: October 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a devastating and rapidly spreading disease. Despite years of scientific research and numerous efforts, it is still a major and resurgent health problem worldwide, with high mortality rates. Added to the concern is that TB persists as a latent infection, an occult face of TB, that becomes a potential reservoir for active tuberculosis. Since latent TB‐infected patients may eventually advance to the active form of TB, an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of latent tuberculosis are essential for TB control. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment is a prominent component of TB control in low‐prevalence countries like the United States; however, its implication in high‐incidence countries like India is still challenging. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the impact of implementing diagnosis and treatment of LTBI in high‐incidence countries using a mathematical model‐based approach. Through our model, we predicted the incidence rate based on the current treatment regimen in India for the year 2035, which is one of the milestones of WHO for a substantial reduction in TB incidence. We observed demographic variability in the effects of various parameters on the TB incidence rate. Finally, we formulated the putative treatment strategies to reduce the TB burden in high‐incidence scenarios. Further, we estimated the impact of these proposed treatment strategies on the drug‐resistant population in high‐incidence scenarios. The model predictions suggested molding the current treatment strategies and focused implementation of LTBI diagnosis and treatment in high‐incidence scenarios.
Multiplicity of solutions for a Kirchhoff equation with non‐linearity concave at the origin
Authors: Razani Abdolrahman , Costa Gustavo S. A. , Oliveira Junior José C.
Published: October 2024

We are concerned with the Kirchhoff problem

where
is a bounded domain with a regular boundary
, and
, with
for
and
for
. Given appropriate conditions on the function
, we successfully applied variational methods to establish the existence of multiple solutions, including both a ground state and a nodal solution, for the specified problem, provided that
is sufficiently small and for certain values of
.
On proportional hybrid operators in the discrete setting
Authors: Lizama Carlos , Murillo‐Arcila Marina
Published: October 2024

In this article, we introduce a new nonlocal operator
defined as a linear combination of the discrete fractional Caputo operator and the fractional sum operator. A new dual operator
is also introduced by replacing the discrete fractional Caputo operator with the discrete fractional Riemann–Liouville operator. It is shown that it corresponds to a natural discretization of a proportional hybrid operator defined by the Riemann–Liouville operator instead of Caputo hybrid operator. We then analyze the most important properties of these operators, such as their inverse operator and the
‐transform, among others. As an application, we solve difference equations equipped with these operators and obtain explicit solutions for them in terms of trivariate Mittag‐Leffler sequences.
Sperm Metabolism
Authors: Abruzzese Giselle Adriana , Sanchez‐Rodriguez Ana , Roldan Eduardo R. S.
Published: October 2024

Bioenergetics plays a crucial role in sperm functions, including motility, capacitation‐related protein modifications, oocyte recognition and interaction, all of which are essential for fertilization. Sperm metabolism is recognized as flexible, responding to environmental cues and energetic demands during ejaculation, the journey along the female tract, and until fertilization. Recent studies suggest that sperm metabolic functions are relevant beyond fertilization and may influence zygote and embryo development, impacting paternal‐derived effects on offspring development and health. In recent years, sperm metabolic functions and homeostasis have gained increasing interest in male reproduction research. Given the crucial implications of sperm metabolism on fertility‐related processes, this field is of interest not only in human male fertility but also in livestock research, semen conservation, and assisted reproductive techniques. Newly developed assessment tools are allowing a better understanding of sperm metabolism under different conditions and identifying species‐specific peculiarities. This review aims to discuss the current knowledge of mammalian sperm metabolism, focusing on species‐specific features, changes during the sperm journey, and potential contributions to translational research and reproductive biotechnologies. Furthermore, we propose future perspectives on sperm bioenergetics research.
Consequences of Workplace Bullying From Nurses' Perspectives: A Qualitative Descriptive Study in Iran
Authors: Piri Saeedeh , Jalali Rostam , Khatony Alireza
Published: October 2024

Aim

The aim of this study is to explore Iranian nurses' experiences regarding the consequences of bullying.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study is carried out using conventional content analysis and Granheim and Lundman's method.

Methods

Data for this study were collected through 12 in‐depth, semi‐structured individual interviews with nurses employed at a teaching hospital in REDACTED, western Iran. Purposeful sampling was employed until data saturation was achieved. Data management was conducted using MAXQDA software.

Results

The participants consisted of 12 nurses, with a mean age of 36.1 ± 8.6 years. Their experiences of workplace bullying were analysed and categorised into a main theme called ‘Consequences of Workplace Bullying’, with two categories identified as ‘Organisational Consequences’ and ‘Individual Consequences’. The organisational consequences were further elaborated through two subcategories: ‘work performance consequences’ and ‘patient care consequences’. The individual consequences category included subcategories including ‘psychosomatic consequences’, ‘psychological consequences’ and ‘family consequences’.

Conclusion

Workplace bullying among nurses can have negative impacts on patients, nurses and organisations. In order to mitigate these effects, nurse managers can take proactive measures by implementing management strategies and fostering a positive work culture. By addressing the underlying factors and promoting a supportive environment, the adverse consequences of workplace bullying can be reduced or prevented.

Patient or Public Contribution

Yes.
Analysis of Opioid Prescribing Trends Following Thyroidectomy and Parathyroidectomy Before and After the 2021 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Opioid Prescribing Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Africa Robert E. , McKinnon Brian J. , Coblens Orly M. , Ranasinghe Viran J. , Shabani Sepehr
Published: October 2024

Objective

To evaluate the trends in opioid and nonopioid prescribing for thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy before and after the publication of guidelines by the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery in April 2021.

Study Design

Retrospective.

Setting

Eighty‐three health care organizations in the United States that contribute to the TriNetX database.

Methods

Deidentified patient data were retrieved from the TriNetX. Patients who were prescribed either opioids or nonopioid analgesic within 1 to 5 days following thyroid surgery and parathyroidectomy were included. Evaluation of the prescription trends was performed by interrupted time series analysis in Statistical Analysis System 9.4 with significance set at P < .05 to assess trends before and after the new opioid prescription guidelines.

Results

For thyroid surgery, there was an immediate effect of the guideline change indicated by a 3.3% decrease in the opioid prescription trend (P = .03) and a significant increase in nonopioid use of overtime by 0.13% every 3 months (P < .0001). The opioid prescription trend following parathyroidectomy significantly decreased over time by 0.28% every 3 months (P < .0001), while the nonopioid prescription trend increased by 0.14% (P < .0001).

Conclusion

There was an associated immediate reduction in the opioid prescribing trend for thyroidectomy, but the change was not sustained overtime. There was an associated decrease in the opioid prescribing trend for parathyroidectomy, but not immediately after the initial publication of the prescription guidelines.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Augmented barrier properties of poly (lactic acid) composite packaging film reinforced by antibacterial hybrid bio‐filler: Extending the shelf life of fruits
Authors: Pradhan Sreemayee , N R Aswathy , G S Sudha , Samal Alaka , Mohapatra Aswini Kumar , Praharaj Payoja , Pandey Sony
Published: October 2024

This work investigates the construction of biodegradable packaging film based on polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with a novel antibacterial hybrid nanofiller to improve barrier and mechanical properties. The study focuses on incorporating silver‐ingrained silica particles (Ag–In–Si) into PLA matrix to prepare the packaging film (Ag–In–SiPLA) that has superior antibacterial, and barrier property with negligible oxygen and water vapour penetration. The Ag was synthesized using natural neem leaf extract as a reducing agent. To ingrain silver over rice husk silica (Si) an in situ technique was adopted. Hence called Ag‐In‐Si bio‐filler. The Ag–In–SiPLA films were fabricated using melt blending and sheet extrusion methods by means of a micro‐compounder. The addition of rice husk silica served the purpose of cost‐effectiveness of the packaging film along with the enhancement of the oxygen and water barrier properties of the films. The optimized sample (PLA loaded with 3% Ag–In–Si), exhibited optimum transparency, moisture resistance, and barrier properties compared with control PLA film. The experiments on Muntingia calabura (Jamaica cherry) preservation have verified the remarkable effectiveness of Ag–In–SiPLA films in preserving their quality for an extended period. These biodegradable packaging films, composed of food‐grade materials and sustainable ingredients, have the potential to provide a compostable and environmentally friendly solution for various packaging applications. This research shed light on the antibacterial Ag–In–SiPLA film as a long‐term, high‐performance fruit packaging solution.

Highlights

Novel antibacterial PLA composite with enhanced barrier and mechanical properties.

Silver‐ingrained silica particles improve antibacterial and barrier properties.

Green synthesis of silver using neem leaf extract

Melt blending and sheet extrusion used to create cost‐effective packaging films.

Ag–In–SiPLA films extend Muntingia calabura preservation, proving effective.
Suspended Droplets Discharge Characteristics
Authors: Chen Yanheng , Peng Binqi , Qiu Fangcheng , Zheng Xin , Li Hanyu , Peng Changzhi , Pei Xuekai
Published: October 2024

This study investigates discharge phenomena in suspended droplets using needle–needle electrodes. By employing ultrasonic suspension technology for noncontact droplet suspension and high‐speed cameras for capturing time‐resolved discharge images, the study examines the impact of droplets on discharge characteristics and morphology. Results show that droplets alter the electric field distribution, affecting discharge paths. Low‐conductivity droplets hinder discharge, causing deflection or changes in the discharge channel, whereas high‐conductivity droplets act as suspended electrodes, facilitating discharge channel formation, reducing breakdown voltage and shortening the establishment time. Droplets transition from ellipsoid to flat and back during discharge, with high‐conductivity droplets potentially undergoing liquid explosion. These findings are crucial for designing high‐voltage equipment in liquid‐contaminated environments.
Pediatric pulmonology 2023 year in review: Asthma
Authors: Espaillat Andre , Loughlin Ceila E. , Stephenson Nicole
Published: October 2024

Caring for children with asthma continues to be an essential responsibility of the pediatric pulmonologist. In this Pediatric Pulmonology Year in Review, we summarize the significant publications focused on pediatric asthma that have been published over the last year. Articles were selected from Pediatric Pulmonology and other relevant medical journals that historically publish in the field of pediatrics, and more specifically, pediatric asthma. Our aim was to highlight publications that may impact or change clinical practice. Once articles were collected, specific themes were chosen to best orient the reader to particular interests. In this review, we will discuss new findings that assist in the diagnosis and evaluation of pediatric asthma, highlight risk factors and social determinants that impact successful care, and discuss new interventions and treatment modalities for acute exacerbations and maintenance control. We hope this review can provide new insights and guidance for implementation into clinical practice within the field of pediatric asthma.
Quantitative systems toxicology modeling in pharmaceutical research and development: An industry‐wide survey and selected case study examples
Authors: Beattie Kylie A. , Verma Meghna , Brennan Richard J. , Clausznitzer Diana , Damian Valeriu , Leishman Derek , Spilker Mary E. , Boras Britton , Li Zhenhong , Oziolor Elias , Rieger Theodore R. , Sher Anna
Published: October 2024

Quantitative systems toxicology (QST) models are increasingly being applied for predicting and understanding toxicity liabilities in pharmaceutical research and development. A European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA)‐wide survey was completed by 15 companies. The results provide insights into the current use of QST models across the industry. 73% of responding companies with more than 10,000 employees utilize QST models. The most applied QST models are for liver, cardiac electrophysiology, and bone marrow/hematology. Responders indicated particular interest in QST models for the central nervous system (CNS), kidney, lung, and skin. QST models are used to support decisions in both preclinical and clinical stages of pharmaceutical development. The survey suggests high demand for QST models and resource limitations were indicated as a common obstacle to broader use and impact. Increased investment in QST resources and training may accelerate application and impact. Case studies of QST model use in decision‐making within EFPIA companies are also discussed. This article aims to (i) share industry experience and learnings from applying QST models to inform decision‐making in drug discovery and development programs, and (ii) share approaches taken during QST model development and validation and compare these with recommendations for modeling best practices and frameworks proposed in the literature. Discussion of QST‐specific applications in relation to these modeling frameworks is relevant in the context of the recently proposed International Council for Harmonization (ICH) M15 guideline on general principles for Model‐Informed Drug Development (MIDD).
Stubborn State and Disturbance Observer Co‐Design for Nonlinear Descriptor Systems With δQC$$ \delta \mathrm{QC} $$ via a Dynamic Event‐Triggered Mechanism
Authors: Liu Leipo , Wen Qiaofeng , Li Yanan , Fu Dexin , Cai Xiushan
Published: October 2024

This article studies the state and disturbance simultaneous estimation problem for a class of nonlinear descriptor systems with using a dynamic event‐triggered mechanism. refers to incremental quadratic constraints, which can provide a unified description of many types of common nonlinear functions. To reduce the negative impact of measurement outliers on the identification estimation, a stubborn state and disturbance observer co‐design scheme is proposed for the first time by embedding dynamic saturation output estimation errors. Meanwhile, a dynamic event‐triggered mechanism is introduced to avoid the need for continuously available output information, which can reduce the pressure on communication resources. By constructing a Lyapunov function, existence conditions of the stubborn state and disturbance observer are obtained in the form of a convex optimization problem so that the error estimation maintains an acceptable estimation performance. Finally, simulation examples illustrate the universality and stubbornness of the proposed observer.
Effects of maize residue and biochar applications on soil δ13C and organic carbon sources in a subtropical paddy rice ecosystem
Authors: Jin Qiang , Wang Weiqi , Liu Xuyang , Lin Shaoying , Sardans Jordi , Fang Yunying , Vancov Tony , Tariq Akash , Zeng Fanjiang , Peñuelas Josep
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the utility of plant δ¹3C natural labeling in predicting the impacts of environmental shifts on carbon cycling within ecosystems, particularly focusing on paddy fields treated with maize (Zea mays L.) residues and biochar. Specifically, it examines how soil δ¹3C and the sources of soil organic carbon (SOC), respond in paddy fields (which cultivate C3 plants like rice) when amended with maize residues, maize biochar, and silica‐enriched biochar (derived from C4 plants). Conducted in the Fuzhou paddy fields, the experiment included control groups and treatment groups with maize residue (4 t ha⁻¹), maize biochar (4 t ha⁻¹), and silicon‐modified maize biochar (4 t ha⁻¹) during both the early and late rice growth periods. The results indicate that all soil treatments increased soil δ¹3C. The application of maize residues notably affected the δ¹3C of the upper soil profile (0–15 cm) differently from the deeper layers (15–30 cm), and it increased soil organic C more than biochar or silicon‐modified maize biochar. Soil available P (AP) and pH emerged as significant factors linking δ¹3C, influencing rice yield through changes in soil physicochemical properties. Unlike maize residues, which reduced rice yields, applications of biochar and silicon‐modified maize biochar increased rice yields. The latter, which was particularly effective in lowering SOC decomposition rates and addressing rice's silica needs, emerged as the preferred option. The study highlights maize biochar and silicon‐modified maize biochar as sustainable alternatives to maize residues for rice cultivation, enhancing soil fertility, carbon pool stability, and yields.
Efficient Nano Composite (Cerium/Aluminum Nitrate) in the Process of Desulfurization
Authors: Aljalif Ali , Bahari Ali , Hamidabadi Vaheed Fallah
Published: October 2024

In the present work, a lot of efforts have been made to reduce the sulfur particles, as main pollutants, from gasoline with using cerium (Ce) and Al(NO3)3 nano composites measured with Reference method: ASTM D7039‐15. The sulfur crystallite number was around 7235 ppm for DS (Ni (NO3)2 and urea). These unwanted sulfur particles reached to 3028 ppm for y (Al (NO3)3)/x (Ce)=0.25 in weight ratio, without using centrifuge process. This result is a very good due to some points: The present experimental works have been done at the room temperature and atmosphere environment, whilst many other works, as addressed here, have needed higher temperature and pressures. To our knowledge, Ce, Aluminum nitrate and urea as nano composite materials have need been used for desulfurization processes. Moreover, some relevant techniques such as X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV‐Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) have also been used.
Identification of Potential Inhibitors for Poly(ADP‐ribose) Polymerase‐10 (PARP10): Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Lotfi Ghazaleh , Mohebbi Shohreh , Mohammadian Berneti Atefeh , Amanlou Massoud , Salehabadi Hafezeh
Published: October 2024

Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐10 (PARP10) is a critical enzyme involved in DNA damage repair. Its function in cellular repair mechanisms has been implicated in the development of chemoresistance and radioresistance in cancer cells. Consequently, PARP10 inhibition represents a promising, albeit challenging, and therapeutic target for various cancer types. This study aims to discover new PARP10 potential inhibitors via a hybrid of in silico approaches. Initially, pharmacophore‐based virtual screening was conducted on the ZINC and NCI databases. The resulting compounds were subsequently subjected to molecular docking studies to identify potential new PARP10 inhibitors. Subsequently, classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to evaluate and compare the dynamic behavior of the selected ligand, veliparib, and OUL35, a selective PARP10 inhibitor. Ultimately, compound ZINC20906412 was found as a potential lead compound based on its docking score and favorable interactions within the PARP10 active site. This compound may offer therapeutic potential for cancer treatment.
Fabrication, Physical, Structural, Optical Properties, and γ‐Ray Attenuation Attributes of Germanate Borosilicate Glasses: Role of GeO2
Authors: Al‐Ghamdi Hanan , Alsaif Norah A.M. , Alfryyan Nada , Abouhaswa A.S. , Rammah Y.S.
Published: October 2024

Samples of germanium borosilicate glasses with chemical formula 50.5B2O3 + 0.5CeO2 + 10SiO2 + (20‐x) CaO + 19Na2O + XGeO2 with 0 (GeO0) ≤ X ≤ 5 (GeO5) mol% were fabricated by using the melt quenching technique. Structure, physical, and optical properties as well as radiation attenuation capacity was examined. XRD data confirmed that GeOX samples were in amorphous state. The density (ρ) of the prepared glass samples increased from 2.24 to 2.55 g/cm3, while the molar volume (Vm) slightly declined from 26.8 to 26.42 cm3/mol. The UV absorption edge shifted to a higher wavelength as the concentration of GeO2 increased. The values of direct band gap ranged from 3.36 to 2.91 eV, and the indirect ranged from 3.12 to 2.75 eV. Urbach energy (Eu) values fluctuated between 0.65 to 0.16 eV. As the Ge4+ ion increased, the glass sample's refractive index enhanced. Mass attenuation coefficients (MACs) of GeOX samples increased from 6.788 to 10.381 cm2/g at 0.015 MeV. The GeO5 sample possessed the lowest half value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP). Effective atomic number (Zeff) of GeOX possessed the same trend of MAC. Results confirmed that the suggested GeOX glasses can be applied in different optical and radiation attenuation applications.
ZGSO:Cr3+,Ni2+ Persistent Phosphors with Dual Emission in NIR‐I and SWIR Ranges for Bio‐Imaging Applications
Authors: Cai Guanyu , Naillon Thomas , Seguin Johanne , Scherman Daniel , Mignet Nathalie , Chaneac Corinne , Richard Cyrille , Viana Bruno
Published: October 2024

Persistent luminescence (PersL) is widely used for near infrared (NIR‐I, 650–950 nm) imaging as they allow getting images without background. Bio‐imaging in the second shortwave‐infrared region SWIR‐II (NIR‐II, 1000–1400 nm) is less widespread but is growing as it offers the advantages of low photon scattering, increased in vivo penetration depth, and improved imaging clarity. In this work, the preparation and the complete optical properties of a new material is reported, Zn1.33Ga1.33Ni0.005Cr0.005Sn0.33O3.995 (ZGSO:Cr3+, Ni2+) able of emitting in both deep‐red/NIR‐I and SWIR (NIR‐II) and shows its potential in bioimaging. ZGSO:Cr3+, Ni2+ can be excited using different sources such as X‐rays, UV, and visible light to emit persistent signals in dual biological windows (dual‐BW). By integrating an energy transfer process from Cr3+ to Ni2+ within this newly synthesized material, the influence of co‐dopants on signal intensity and emission wavelengths is sought to explore. PersL at ≈700 nm (NIR‐I) and ≈1300 nm (NIR‐II) have been tested in preliminary bioimaging experiments using different protocols, allowing signal detection with good spatial resolution and depth sensitivity. The dual‐BW PersL imaging strategy expands the toolbox for highly accurate analysis and has, for the first time, allowed access to accurately high‐resolution sensing, and tracing.
Photoelectroreduction CO2 to Ethanol Over BiFeO3 with Synergistic Effect of Self‐Polarization and External Electric Field
Authors: Liu Bo , Li Jiuyang , Tan Lipeng , Zhang Xiaochao , Guo Xin , Wang Xiaokun , Zhang Changming
Published: October 2024

The exploitation of semiconductor self‐polarization is an effective mean of improving the efficiency of electron utilization. In this work, the synthesis of BiFeO3 (BFO) samples with varying photoelectric properties is achieved by modulating the concentration of KOH. The experimental results reveal that BFO‐4 (4 m KOH) has excellent carrier efficiency. Interestingly enough, the ethanol yield of up to 7.05 μmol cm−2 h−1 in the photoelectrocatalytic process, which is 1.4 times than that of single electrocatalysis. Based on the characterization data, the external electric field forms a multi‐electric field coupling in the BFO (external electric field can enhance the self‐polarization electric field), which enhances charge separation efficiency and facilitates surface reactions, and the CO2 reduction performance is improved. Finally, the free energy in the key step of CC coupling on the surface of BiFeO3 is calculated by DFT. This study offers a valuable reference for the application of ferroelectric materials in the photoelectrocatalytic reduction of CO2 and the design of catalysts for C2+ products.
Comprehensive Review on the Synthesis of [1,2,3]Triazolo[1,5‐a]Quinolines
Authors: Da Costa Gabriel P. , Sacramento Manoela , Barcellos Angelita M. , Alves Diego
Published: October 2024

This report outlines the evolution and recent progress about the different protocols to synthesize the N‐heterocycles fused hybrids, specifically [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5‐a]quinoline. This review encompasses a broad range of approaches, describing several reactions for obtaining this since, such as dehydrogenative cyclization, oxidative N−N coupling, Dieckmann condensation, intramolecular Heck, (3+2)‐cycloaddition, Ullman‐type coupling and direct intramolecular arylation reactions. We divided this review in three section based in the starting materials to synthesize the target [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5‐a]quinolines. Starting materials containing quinoline or triazole units previously formed, as well as starting materials which both quinoline and triazole units are formed in situ. Different methods of obtaining are described, such as metal‐free or catalyzed conditions, azide‐free, using conventional heating or alternative energy sources, such as electrochemical and photochemical methods. Mechanistic insights underlying the reported reactions were also described in this comprehensive review.
Parental assigned chromosomes for cultivated cacao provides insights into genetic architecture underlying resistance to vascular streak dieback
Authors: Tobias Peri A. , Downs Jacob , Epaina Peter , Singh Gurpreet , Park Robert F. , Edwards Richard J. , Brugman Eirene , Zulkifli Andi , Muhammad Junaid , Purwantara Agus , Guest David I.
Published: October 2024

Diseases of Theobroma cacao L. (Malvaceae) disrupt cocoa bean supply and economically impact growers. Vascular streak dieback (VSD), caused by Ceratobasidium theobromae, is a new encounter disease of cacao currently contained to southeast Asia and Melanesia. Resistance to VSD has been tested with large progeny trials in Sulawesi, Indonesia, and in Papua New Guinea with the identification of informative quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Using a VSD susceptible progeny tree (clone 26), derived from a resistant and susceptible parental cross, we assembled the genome to chromosome‐level and discriminated alleles inherited from either resistant or susceptible parents. The parentally phased genomes were annotated for all predicted genes and then specifically for resistance genes of the nucleotide‐binding site leucine‐rich repeat class (NLR). On investigation, we determined the presence of NLR clusters and other potential disease response gene candidates in proximity to informative QTLs. We identified structural variants within NLRs inherited from parentals. We present the first diploid, fully scaffolded, and parentally phased genome resource for T. cacao L. and provide insights into the genetics underlying resistance and susceptibility to VSD.
Impact of agricultural intervention on income and employment in hoar wetland areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahamed Jasim Uddin , Marium Bibi , Begum Ismat Ara , Ding Shijun , Ahmed Tukir , Molla Md. Mosharraf Uddin , Alam Mohammad Jahangir
Published: October 2024

The study aimed to investigate the current scenario of wetland households and the impact of agricultural interventions. It also sought to qualitatively assess rural development, the food system, and poverty from the perspective of wetland areas in Bangladesh. A total of 1000 respondents were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were employed for data analysis. The findings reveal that livelihood activities are seasonal. They also indicate that rice‐valued well‐being has significantly improved due to successive agricultural policy regimes. Additionally, protection interventions, well‐being, and policy periods were negatively associated with poverty. The study found that agricultural interventions have substantially enhanced income, employment, and labor productivity due to successive agricultural policy regimes. To advance development in wetland areas, it is recommended to focus on enhancing local knowledge, implementing river erosion control measures, developing rice varieties, diversifying crops, improving flood control measures, establishing a nutritious food supply chain, and enacting relevant regulations.
The Effects of Concentrate Supplement Levels on Feed Utilization and Red Meat Production of Blackhead Somali Sheep Fed Natural Pasture Grass Hay as a Basal Diet
Authors: Yimenu Shashie Ayele , Letta Mengistu Urge
Published: October 2024

Background

In recent years, consumers have become aware of their health, and their preference has been rapidly changing to consume less fatty meat. Therefore, devising a strategy to produce lean meat is a concern in this study. One of the strategies, among others, for lean meat production is controlling the amount of supplements given to sheep. Hence, muscle (lean) and adipose tissue (fat) require different amounts of energy to lie down.

Objectives

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of concentrate supplementation levels on feed utilization and red meat production in Blackhead Somali sheep (BHS) fed natural pasture grass hay as a basal diet.

Materials and Methods

A total of 16 BHS sheep weighing 19.5 ± 0.2 kg (mean ± SE) at the beginning of the experiment were kept for 90 days by feeding two levels (1% [T1] and 1.75% [T2] body weight [BW] of sheep) of supplement. The sheep were blocked according to their initial BW (IBW), and the supplements were randomly assigned within a block. At the end of the feeding period, all sheep were slaughtered, and carcass and non‐carcass data were recorded. Data were analysed using the SAS software version 9.1 of PROC GLM programme.

Results

Sheep fed T1 and T2 consumed 6.1 and 8.2 MJ/day metabolizable energy (ME), respectively, and 73.1 and 93.6 g/day crude protein (CP), in that order. Consequently, sheep fed T2 produced 1.37 kg extra BW by growing an average rate of 15 g/day greater (p < 0.0001) over their counterpart fed T1. They also produced 0.9 kg, 0.8 cm2 and 2.64% heavier carcasses, a wider rib eye area and a higher intramuscular fat content (p < 0.0001), respectively, over the sheep fed T1. On the other hand, the lean‐to‐fat ratio was significantly lower in sheep fed T2 than T1. In most parameters considered in this study, sheep fed T2 (1.75% BW) were superior, but its intramuscular fat (IMF) content was much higher than the limit that the consumers needed.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that 1% BW supplementation is enough for BHS to produce lean meat containing the optimal fat content in stall feeding condition.
Editorial diversity correlates with journal impact factor and author diversity in cardiothoracic surgery
Authors: Martins Russell Seth , Umar Zainab , Amir Muhammad Ali , Jogezai Zulfiqar Haider , Ahmed Warda , Barolia Mehak , Razi Syed Shahzad , Poulikidis Kostantinos , Latif M. Jawad , Martin Linda W. , Molena Daniela , Bhora Faiz Y.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

While there are no widely accepted diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) metrics for journals, geographic and sex diversity across a journal's editorial board may provide a surrogate measure of its commitment to DEI. We explored the association between journal quality and DEI metrics for cardiothoracic surgery (CTS) journals and investigated whether editorial diversity correlates with diversity across published articles.

Methods

We collected the following data for 30 CTS journals: country of publication (categorized by income level), journal quality metrics (citation‐based metrics, e.g., impact factor (IF) or H‐index), and sex and geographic representation across editorial boards and published articles. Bivariate correlations between numeric variables were assessed using Spearman's correlation.

Results

Female representation across editorial boards was 12.1%. Most editorial board members belonged to the United States (35.2%), with only 7.4% from the lower‐middle‐income countries and 0% from low‐income countries. IF showed a strong positive correlation with female editorial representation (r = 0.70) but an inverse correlation with low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) editorial representation (r = −0.45). Female editorial representation demonstrated a significant positive correlation with female first authorship (r = 0.45), whereas LMIC editorial representation correlated strongly with LMIC corresponding authorship (r = 0.85).

Conclusion

Women and researchers from LMICs are in the minority across editorial boards of CTS journals. However, a strong correlation between journal H‐index and female editorial representation indicates that top‐ranked journals are spearheading efforts to improve equitable sex‐based and gender representations. Similar efforts are required to ensure more global geographic representation across editorial boards and top‐ranked CTS journals are the best placed to lead by example.
The Systemic Importance of Cyber Risk in Banks
Authors: Birindelli Giuliana , Iannuzzi Antonia Patrizia
Published: October 2024

This chapter aims to analyse cyber risk with specific regard to the banking and financial sector by highlighting the progress made in academic studies (section “The Cyber Risk in Banks: A Literature Review”), the systemic impacts of this risk (section “Cyber Risk as a Systemic Risk”) as well as the point of view of supervisory authorities (section “The Point of View of Financial Regulators”). At the end of the chapter, data provided by the ORBIS database are reported in order to understand current bank (and other financial institutions) exposure to this new and sophisticated risk (section “Banks’ Exposure to Cyber Risk: Some Empirical Evidence”).
Towards complexity in de Sitter space from the doubled-scaled Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model
Authors: Aguilar-Gutierrez Sergio E.
Published: October 2024

Abstract

How can we define complexity in dS space from microscopic principles? Based on recent developments pointing towards a correspondence between a pair of double-scaled Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (DSSYK) models/ 2D Liouville-de Sitter (LdS2) field theory/ 3D Schwarzschild de Sitter (SdS3) space in [1–3], we study concrete complexity proposals in the microscopic models and their dual descriptions. First, we examine the spread complexity of the maximal entropy state of the doubled DSSYK model. We show that it counts the number of entangled chord states in its doubled Hilbert space. We interpret spread complexity in terms of a time difference between antipodal observers in SdS3 space, and a boundary time difference of the dual LdS2 CFTs. This provides a new connection between entanglement and geometry in dS space. Second, Krylov complexity, which describes operator growth, is computed for physical operators on all sides of the correspondence. Their late time evolution behaves as expected for chaotic systems. Later, we define the query complexity in the LdS2 model as the number of steps in an algorithm computing n-point correlation functions of boundary operators of the corresponding antipodal points in SdS3 space. We interpret query complexity as the number of matter operator chord insertions in a cylinder amplitude in the DSSYK, and the number of junctions of Wilson lines between antipodal static patch observers in SdS3 space. Finally, we evaluate a specific proposal of Nielsen complexity for the DSSYK model and comment on its possible dual manifestations.
Bootstrapping multi-wound twist effects in symmetric orbifold CFTs
Authors: Guo Bin , Hampton Shaun D.
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We investigate the effects of the twist-2 operator in 2D symmetric orbifold CFTs. The twist operator can join together a twist-M state and a twist-N state, creating a twist-(M + N) state. This process involves three effects: pair creation, propagation, and contraction. We study these effects by using a Bogoliubov ansatz and conformal symmetry. In this multi-wound scenario, pair creation no longer decouples from propagation, in contrast to the previous study where M = N = 1. We derive equations for these effects, which organize themselves into recursion relations and constraints. Using the recursion relations, we can determine the infinite number of coefficients in the effects through a finite number of inputs. Moreover, the number of required inputs can be further reduced by applying constraints.
Localised gravity and resolved braneworlds
Authors: Leung Rahim , Stelle K. S.
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Deriving an effective massless field theory for fluctuations about a braneworld spacetime requires analysis of the transverse-space-wavefunction’s second-order differential equation. There can be two strikingly different types of effective theory. For a supersymmetric braneworld, one involves a technically consistent embedding of a supergravity theory on the worldvolume; the other can produce, in certain situations, a genuine localisation of gravity near the worldvolume but not via a technically consistent embedding. So, in the latter situation, the theory’s dynamics remains higher-dimensional but there can still be a lower-dimensional effective-theory interpretation of the dynamics at low worldvolume momenta / large worldvolume distances.

This paper examines the conditions for such a gravity localisation to be possible. Localising gravity about braneworld spacetimes requires finding solutions to transverse-space self-adjoint Sturm-Liouville problems admitting a normalisable zero mode in the noncompact transverse space. This in turn requires analysis of Sturm-Liouville problems with radial singular endpoints following a formalism originating in the work of Hermann Weyl. Examples of such gravity-localising braneworld systems are found and analysed in this formalism with underlying “skeleton” braneworlds of Salam-Sezgin, resolved D3-brane and Randall-Sundrum II types.