bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sistema multiobjetivo de soporte a decisiones para planificación de programación de operaciones
Authors: Saavedra Antolínez Iván , Paternina Arboleda Carlos D. , Niño Ruiz Elías D. , Gómez Vizcaíno Libardo S.
Published: August 2017

This research shows the design and construction of a multi objective optimization support system for decision making, DSS-SCHEDULER, in order to effectively perform naval shipbuilding operations, by managing to have a rational usage, under a limited capacity, of the installed capacity. The system creates the operational plan for the scheduling of operations as well as the allocation of all the resources related to the processes carried out at the plant, and, taking into account all the restrictions this type of service entails, generate a set of optimal solutions in order to comply with the objective functions as planned, such as costs and the promise for delivery dates to support the decision making process in scheduling Cotecmar’s industrial operations.
Conceptos y conclusiones de la “Sesión 2010 del Instituto Panamericano de Estudios Avanzados en Dinámica y Control de Vehículos Marinos tripulados y no tripulados”
Authors: McCue Leigh , Sanjuan Marco , Hubbard Ryan
Published: August 2017

In the summer of 2010, the first ever NSF’s Pan-American Advanced Studies Institute (PASI) in Colombia was held in Barranquilla and Cartagena. The two-week institute brought together researchers of the Americas to discuss topics related to dynamics and control of manned and unmanned marine vehicles. This paper presents a summary of the program organization and findings, along with lecturer and participant feedback. It is intended to serve as a lead-in to the technical papers by PASI participants contained in this special edition of Ship Science & Technology.
Design methodology of a militar messaging system
Authors: Pérez V. Gustavo , Marrugo Ll. Stefany
Published: August 2017

The paper describes the design methodology of a military messaging system. The system’s design is characterized by its coherence among security, transmission medium, and design protocol, which allow added value in the strategic operations center. The system allows using a selected data base for subsequent applications of operations research tools and simulation. The system was designed with a low bandwidth communications network (HF / VHF / UHF and satellite phone calls) as the transmission media. The messaging system security is based on a public key cryptographic system. The paper also shows some of the test results of the system’s functionality.
Using anthropometrics in designing for enhanced crew performance
Authors: Ross J.M.
Published: August 2017

Today’s naval ship or craft designer routinely uses the principles of human factors (ergonomics) as a way to help enhance crew performance. But even though many aspects of human factors are well known, certain important categories often remain underutilized. One of these categories is anthropometrics, the study of human body dimensions and capabilities. Anthropometrics analyzes age, gender, and other data within populations of people, such as the general population of a nation or the special population of that nation’s active duty naval personnel. For the naval designer, anthropometrics helps to ensure adequate ergonomic design for the population from which the crew is drawn. The naval designer can address in a quantifiable manner issues such as lines of sight, console height and valve handle accessibility. When anthropometric principles are thus applied, the ship better fits the capabilities and limitations of the crew, resulting in enhanced crew performance.
Spectrophotometeric Determination of Trifluoperazine HCL in Pure Forms and Pharmaceutical Preperations
Authors: Hamzah Mohammad Hamzah , Taqi Rawa M M , Hasan Muna M. , Al-Timimi Raid J. M.
Published: August 2017

A simple and accurate spectrophotometric method for the determination of Trifluoperazine HCl in pure and dosage forms was developed. The method is based on the reaction between Trifluoperazine HCl and p-chloroaniline in the presence of cerium ion as oxidizing agent which lead to the formation of violate color product that absorbed at a maximum wavelength 570nm while the blank solution was pink. Under the optimum conditions a linear relationship between the intensity and concentration of TRF in the range 4-50μg/ml was obtained . The molar absorptivity 3.74×103 L.mol-1.cm-1 , Limit of detection (2.21μg/ml), while limit of quantification was 7.39μg/ml. The proposed analytical method was compared with standard method using t-test and F-test , the obtained results shows there is no significant differences between proposed method and standard method. Based on that the proposed method can be used as an alternative method for the determination of TRF in pure and dosage forms.
Estimation of Trace Elements in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum-Comparative Study in Healthy and Periodontitis
Authors: Meenaksh Bhagavathami , Chandran Chitraa R. , Ranganathan Aravindhan Thathchari , Rama Kavindapadi Venkateswaran , Srinivasan Valarmathy
Published: August 2017

Background: This study aims to determine and compare the levels of trace elements copper, zinc, selenium and chromium in GCF and serum of patients with periodontitis and healthy individuals. Methods: This cross sectional study includes 24 study subjects recruited from the patients reporting to the Department of Periodontics , Tagore Dental College Chennai. All the selected patients were subjected to a clinical examination done by a single examiner. The estimation of trace elements Copper, Zinc, Selenium and Chromium in GCF and serum is performed using Perkin Elmer optima 5300 Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer (ICPOES). Results: GCF and serum copper levels showed no significant difference in both periodontitis and healthy groups . Selenium levels tend to be the same in both groups. Serum zinc levels are more in periodontitis patients than healthy subjects (p less than 0.01). GCF chromium levels are found to be more in patients with periodontitis than healthy. Conclusions : More research is therefore needed to monitor the role of these trace elements C with an increased sample size to ascertain whether they are associated with a reduced risk of periodontitis.
Diabetic Risk Score and Fasting Plasma Glucose Testing in the Screening for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk
Authors: Thavorasak Techit , Kamkaen Paphanin , Rattanasri Araya , Tangvarasittichai Surapon
Published: August 2017

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic disorder and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. Early recognition and intervention will be helpful in reducing the personal and financial cost of the disease. We used the diabetic risk score (DRS) and fasting plasma glucose test (FPGT) for identification the risk of T2DM. A total of 142 female participants were randomly participated in the present study. These participants were identified as 39 (27.5%) high risk (Gr-III) and 71 (50%) very high risk (Gr-IV) for T2DM groups according to the DRS. In addition with 13 (9.2%) and 2 (1.4%) were newly diagnosed as having HT and T2DM. Both HT and T2DM participants were older than the normal participants. BMI and WC were not significantly different in the comparison of T2DM with Non-T2DM and HT with Non-HT patients. The DRS would be practical to use as tool for T2DM risk screening while FPGT was used to identify impaired fasting glucose and T2DM onset. Then, we recommended FPGT for the individuals with high and very high DRS groups.
Homology Modeling of Mus Musculus CDK5 and Molecular Docking Studies with Flavonoids
Authors: Suri Sowmya , Waseem Rumana , Bandi Seshagiri , Shaik Sania
Published: August 2017

A 3D model of Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) (Accession Number: Q543f6) is generated based on crystal structure of P. falciparum PFPK5-indirubin-5-sulphonate ligand complex (PDB ID: 1V0O) at 2.30 Å resolution was used as template. Protein-ligand interaction studies were performed with flavonoids to explore structural features and binding mechanism of flavonoids as CDK5 (Cyclin-dependent kinase 5) inhibitors. The modelled structure was selected on the basis of least modeler objective function. The model was validated by PROCHECK. The predicted 3D model is reliable with 93.0% of amino acid residues in core region of the Ramachandran plot. Molecular docking studies with flavonoids viz., Diosmetin, Eriodictyol, Fortuneletin, Apigenin, Ayanin, Baicalein, Chrysoeriol and Chrysosplenol-D with modelled protein indicate that Diosmetin is the best inhibitor containing docking score of -8.23 kcal/mol. Cys83, Lys89, Asp84. The compound Diosmetin shows interactions with Cys83, Lys89, and Asp84.
Inflation Targeting Experience: Lessons for Ukraine
Authors: Vavra David
Published: August 2017

In the past three decades, many advanced market and emerging market economies have modernized their monetary policy frameworks. We research the experience of these economies for lessons relevant to the monetary policy in Ukraine, which has recently embarked on a similar modernization program. Most countries we study have adopted some form of inflation targeting, given unfavorable experiences with previous regimes based on money and exchange rate, however with the exchange rate continuing to play an important role. Most of the pillars of effective IT monetary policy developed over time through determined efforts led by central banks, and the initial conditions did not matter for success. Countries have experienced numerous challenges with regards to communication, credibility, policy transmission, and fiscal dominance. Overcoming these challenges gave rise to new practices, which now form the stateof- the art monetary policy, irrespective of whether it is called an IT regime. A general lesson for Ukraine (as well as other future modernizers and IT adopters) is that determination and speed in building the pillars of IT policy is paramount for success and credibility of the new framework.
Quasi-Competitiveness of the Audit Services Market in Ukraine: The Aspect of European Integration
Authors: Makarenko Inna , Plastun Oleksiy
Published: August 2017

In the context of European integration processes and transformations in the banking sector, a study of the concentration of the audit services market in Ukraine, one of the most regulated markets, was held. The authors applied a number of methods for evaluation of concentration: the traditional methods of determining the level of market competition and the Kruskal-Wallis test to confirm market heterogeneity. The results allow for a conclusion that there is a high level of regional market concentration, which necessitates a competitive market environment for the implementation of audit services.
Study of Traditional Uses of Medicinal Plants (Herbs) of Hilly Areas of Lekhnath Municipality
Authors: Dwa Om Prasad
Published: August 2017

The present work is based on the exploration of traditional use medicinal plants ethonobotanically, of Lekhnath Municipliaty, Kaski. A general survey and study of medicinal plants, particularly wild and cultivated herbs was conducted from 1st Oct. 2012 to 30th Apr. 2013.This paper deals about 24 species of medicinal herbs belong to 21 families. Included families are Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae (4), Cannabinaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Commelinaceae, Crassulaceae, Cyperaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Labiatae, Leguminosae, liliaceae, Malvaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Oxalidaceae, Primulaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Trapaceae, Urticaceae and Zingiberaceae.This result was based on survey carried out consulting participatory techniques to collect detailed information about collection and utilization of traditional medicinal plants at that area. Important information and other details about the respective plants were collected by discussion with native inhaler, traditional medicine practitioners and villagers. Showing them the sample of the plants.  Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol. 2, No.1 (December 2013), page: 82-89
Registration of CA 4005 and CA 4006 Cotton Germplasm Lines with Partial Resistance to Feeding Injury from Thrips
Authors: Wann Dylan Q. , Dever Jane K. , Arnold Mark D. , Parajulee Megha N. , Elkins Heather D.
Published: August 2017

Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) are common pests of cotton (Gossypium spp.) worldwide, typically causing economic damage within the first few weeks after planting of a cotton crop. With the loss of granular aldicarbs and resistance development to other insecticides in recent years, host plant resistance could play an important role in the integrated management of thrips. Two breeding lines originally developed for cold tolerance in the Texas A&M AgriLife Research cotton improvement program at Lubbock, TX, exhibited characteristics associated with thrips tolerance. These G. hirsutum lines, CA 4005 (Reg. No. GP‐1023, PI 681593) and CA 4006 (Reg. No. GP‐1024, PI 681594), are germplasm lines that were subsequently evaluated for potential resistance to thrips feeding injury. Both lines were evaluated in field and greenhouse tests from 2012 to 2014. CA 4005 and CA 4006 consistently displayed greater resistance to thrips feeding injury than the commercial and susceptible checks at the field level. Greenhouse evaluations, however, revealed that these lines are only partially resistant and can be overcome at high thrips densities. Yield potential, high‐volume instrument (HVI) fiber quality, and other agronomic characteristics of CA 4005 and CA 4006 were comparable to the evaluated commercial checks. These germplasm lines exhibited improved thrips resistance and competitive agronomic potential for the Texas High Plains and would be valuable sources of partial thrips resistance in adapted G. hirsutum germplasm.
Monitoring Cognitive Workload Using Vocal Tract and Voice Source Features
Authors: Magnusdottir Eydis Huld , Borsky Michal , Meier Manuela , Johannsdottir Kamilla , Gudnason Jon
Published: August 2017

Monitoring cognitive workload from speech signals has received much attention from researchers in the past few years as it has the potential to improve performance and fidelity in human decision making. The bulk of the research has focused on classifying speech from talkers participating in cognitive workload experiments using simple reading tasks, memory span tests and the Stroop test, typically into three levels of low, medium and high cognitive workload. This study focuses on using parameters extracted from the vocal tract and the voice source components of the speech signal for cognitive workload monitoring. The experiment used in this study contains 98 participants, the levels were obtained by using a reading task and three Stroop tasks which were randomly ordered for each participant and an adequate rest time was used inbetween tasks to mitigate the effect of cognitive workload from one task affecting the subsequent one. Vocal tract features were obtained from the first three formants and voice source features were extracted using signal analysis on the inverse filtered speech signal. The results show that on their own, the vocal tract features outperform the voice source features. The MCR of 33.92% ± 1.05 was achieved with a SVM classifier. A weighted combination of vocal tract and voice source features classified with SWM classifier fused at the output level achieved the lowest MCR of  32.5%.
A Novel Modified DTC-SVM Method with Better Overload-capability for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Servo Drives
Authors: Vajsz Tibor , Számel László , Rácz György
Published: August 2017

Direct torque control with space vector modulation (DTC-SVM) is one of the most promising alternatives of field-oriented control in the case of permanent magnet synchronous motor drives. This method controls the electromagnetic torque of the motor with excellent dynamics which makes it an attractive choice in the case of servo drives. In this article DTC-SVM is investigated with Matlab-Simulink simulation and it is proven that DTC-SVM has severe instability-issues during overloading and its overload-capabilities are heavily dependent on the speed. Therefore, a novel modified DTC-SVM method is proposed which is stable during overloading and its overload-capabilities are practically independent of the speed. Also, the overload-capability of the new method is superior to that of classical DTC-SVM, while the two methods are practically identical from the point of view of the torque-control dynamics and the torque-ripple generated.
Constructions for the Optimal Pebbling of Grids
Authors: Győri Ervin , Katona Gyula Y. , Papp László F.
Published: August 2017

In [6] the authors conjecture that if every vertex of an infinite square grid is reachable from a pebble distribution, then the covering ratio of this distribution is at most 3.25. First we present such a distribution with covering ratio 3.5, disproving the conjecture. The authors in the above paper also claim to prove that the covering ratio of any pebble distribution is at most 6.75. The proof contains some errors. We present a few interesting pebble distributions that this proof does not seem to cover and highlight some other difficulties of this topic.
Magnetic Inflation and Stellar Mass. I. Revised Parameters for the Component Stars of the Kepler Low-mass Eclipsing Binary T-Cyg1-12664
Authors: Han Eunkyu , Muirhead Philip S. , Swift Jonathan J. , Baranec Christoph , Law Nicholas M. , Riddle Reed , Atkinson Dani , Mace Gregory N. , DeFelippis Daniel
Published: August 2017

Several low-mass eclipsing binary stars show larger than expected radii for their measured mass, metallicity, and age. One proposed mechanism for this radius inflation involves inhibited internal convection and starspots caused by strong magnetic fields. One particular eclipsing binary, T-Cyg1-12664, has proven confounding to this scenario. Çakırlı et al. measured a radius for the secondary component that is twice as large as model predictions for stars with the same mass and age, but a primary mass that is consistent with predictions. Iglesias-Marzoa et al. independently measured the radii and masses of the component stars and found that the radius of the secondary is not in fact inflated with respect to models, but that the primary is, which is consistent with the inhibited convection scenario. However, in their mass determinations, Iglesias-Marzoa et al. lacked independent radial velocity measurements for the secondary component due to the star’s faintness at optical wavelengths. The secondary component is especially interesting, as its purported mass is near the transition from partially convective to a fully convective interior. In this article, we independently determined the masses and radii of the component stars of T-Cyg1-12664 using archival Kepler data and radial velocity measurements of both component stars obtained with IGRINS on the Discovery Channel Telescope and NIRSPEC and HIRES on the Keck Telescopes. We show that neither of the component stars is inflated with respect to models. Our results are broadly consistent with modern stellar evolutionary models for main-sequence M dwarf stars and do not require inhibited convection by magnetic fields to account for the stellar radii.
Rapid Light-curve Changes and Probable Flip-flop Activity of the W UMa-type Binary V410 Aur
Authors: Luo Xia , Wang Kun , Zhang Xiaobin , Deng Licai , Luo Yangping , Luo Changqing
Published: August 2017

New photometric observations of a W UMa system, V410 Aur, were carried out over 10 nights from 2014 December 19 to 2015 February 8, from which four sets of light curves were obtained. The light curves show many unusual behavioral features, including changing occultation depths, transit minima, and asymmetric maxima. The four sets of light curves have been separately analyzed with the Wilson–Devinney method. The results suggest a totally eclipsing contact configuration for the system. Over a surprisingly short time span of only 52 days, the dominant spot distortion phase jumped twice between phases 0.0 and 0.5. The light-curve variations can be interpreted by the presence of two cool spots on the massive component. Based on our analysis, it is further suggested that the peculiar behavioral patterns are probably caused by the presence of two permanent, active large spots separated in longitude by about 180°, whose locations remain almost unchanged throughout. Our study demonstrates that the system has been undergoing typical flip-flop activity. We therefore conclude that V410 Aur is a W UMa-type system exhibiting flip-flop activity.
Effects of a Guide Field on the Larmor Electric Field and Upstream Electron Temperature Anisotropy in Collisionless Asymmetric Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Ek-In Surapat , Malakit Kittipat , Ruffolo David , Shay Michael A. , Cassak Paul A.
Published: August 2017

We perform the first study of the properties of the Larmor electric field (LEF) in collisionless asymmetric magnetic reconnection in the presence of an out-of-plane (guide) magnetic field for different sets of representative upstream parameters at Earth’s dayside magnetopause with an ion temperature greater than the electron temperature (the ion-to-electron temperature ratio fixed at 2) using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. We show that the LEF does persist in the presence of a guide field. We study how the LEF thickness and strength change as a function of guide field and the magnetospheric temperature and reconnecting magnetic field strength. We find that the thickness of the LEF structure decreases, while its magnitude increases when a guide field is added to the reconnecting magnetic field. The added guide field makes the Larmor radius smaller, so the scaling with the magnetospheric ion Larmor radius is similar to that reported for the case without a guide field. Note, however, that the physics causing the LEF is not well understood, so future work in other parameter regimes is needed to fully predict the LEF for arbitrary conditions. We also find that a previously reported upstream electron temperature anisotropy arises in the vicinity of the LEF region both with and without a guide field. We argue that the generation of the anisotropy is linked to the existence of the LEF. The LEF can be used in combination with the electron temperature anisotropy as a signature to effectively identify dayside reconnection sites in observations.
Flux Sensitivity Requirements for the Detection of Lyman Continuum Radiation Drop-ins from Star-forming Galaxies below Redshifts of 3
Authors: McCandliss Stephan R. , O’Meara John M.
Published: August 2017

Flux estimates for ionizing radiation escaping from star-forming galaxies with characteristic UV luminosities (

), derived from GALEX and the VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey, are presented as a function of redshift and assumed escape fraction. These estimates offer guidance to the design of instrumentation and observing strategies, be they spectroscopic or photometric, for attempting to detect LyC escaping star-forming galaxies for redshifts

. Examples are given that relate the integrated escape fraction (f

e

LyC) of ionizing photons, obtained by integrating over the entire extreme UV (EUV) bandpass, to the relative escape fraction (f

e

900) observed just shortward of the ionization edge at 911.8 Å as a function of H i, He i, and He ii column densities. We find that for

, f

e

LyC is significantly greater than f

e

900. Detection of LyC “drop-ins” in the rest-frame EUV will provide enhanced fidelity to determinations of the integrated fraction of ionizing photons f

e

LyC that escape star-forming galaxies and contribute to the metagalactic ionizing background (MIB).
The Role of Viscosity in Causing the Plasma Poloidal Motion in Magnetic Clouds
Authors: Zhao Ake , Wang Yuming , Liu Jiajia , Zhou Zhenjun , Shen Chenglong , Liu Rui , Zhuang Bin , Zhang Quanhao
Published: August 2017

An interesting phenomenon, plasma poloidal motion, has been found in many magnetic clouds (MCs), and viscosity has been proposed as a possible mechanism. However, it is not clear how significant the role of viscosity is in generating such motion. In this paper, we conduct a statistical study of the MCs detected by the Wind spacecraft during 1995–2012. It is found that, for 19% of all the studied MCs (186), the poloidal velocities of the MC plasma near the MC boundaries are well correlated with those of the corresponding ambient solar wind plasma. A non-monotonic increase from inner to outer MCs suggests that the viscosity does play a role, albeit weak, on the poloidal motion in the MC statistically. The possible dependence on the solar wind parameters is then studied in detail for the nine selected crossings, which represent the viscosity characteristic. There is an evident negative correlation between the viscosity and the density, a weak negative correlation between the viscosity and the turbulence strength, and no clear correlation between the viscosity and the temperature.
Dynamics of a Probable Earth-mass Planet in the GJ 832 System
Authors: Satyal S. , Griffith J. , Musielak Z. E.
Published: August 2017

The stability of planetary orbits around the GJ 832 star system, which contains inner (GJ 832c) and outer (GJ 832b) planets, is investigated numerically and a detailed phase-space analysis is performed. Special attention is given to the existence of stable orbits for a planet less than 15 M
⊕ that is injected between the inner and outer planets. Thus, numerical simulations are performed for three and four bodies in elliptical orbits (or circular for special cases) by using a large number of initial conditions that cover the selected phase-spaces of the planet’s orbital parameters. The results presented in the phase-space maps for GJ 832c indicate the least deviation of eccentricity from its nominal value, which is then used to determine its inclination regime relative to the star–outer planet plane. Also, the injected planet is found to display stable orbital configurations for at least one billion years. Then, the radial velocity curves based on the signature from the Keplerian motion are generated for the injected planets with masses 1 M
⊕ to 15 M
⊕ in order to estimate their semimajor axes and mass limits. The synthetic RV signal suggests that an additional planet of mass ≤15 M
⊕ with a dynamically stable configuration may be residing between 0.25 and 2.0 au from the star. We have provided an estimated number of RV observations for the additional planet that is required for further observational verification.
Theoretical Interpretation of Pass 8 Fermi-LAT e+ + e− Data
Authors: Di Mauro M. , Manconi S. , Vittino A. , Donato F. , Fornengo N. , Baldini L. , Bonino R. , Di Lalla N. , Latronico L. , Maldera S. , Manfreda A. , Negro M. , Pesce-Rollins M. , Sgrò C. , Spada F.
Published: August 2017

The flux of positrons and electrons (e
+ + e
−) has been measured by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) in the energy range between 7 GeV and 2 TeV. We discuss a number of interpretations of Pass 8 Fermi-LAT e
+ + e
− spectrum, combining electron and positron emission from supernova remnants (SNRs) and pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), or produced by the collision of cosmic rays (CRs) with the interstellar medium. We find that the Fermi-LAT spectrum is compatible with the sum of electrons from a smooth SNR population, positrons from cataloged PWNe, and a secondary component. If we include in our analysis constraints from the AMS-02 positron spectrum, we obtain a slightly worse fit to the e
+ + e
−
Fermi-LAT spectrum, depending on the propagation model. As an additional scenario, we replace the smooth SNR component within 0.7 kpc with the individual sources found in Green’s catalog of Galactic SNRs. We find that separate consideration of far and near sources helps to reproduce the e
+ + e
−
Fermi-LAT spectrum. However, we show that the fit degrades when the radio constraints on the positron emission from Vela SNR (which is the main contributor at high energies) are taken into account. We find that a break in the power-law injection spectrum at about 100 GeV can also reproduce the measured e
+ + e
− spectrum and, among the CR propagation models that we consider, no reasonable break of the power-law dependence of the diffusion coefficient can modify the electron flux enough to reproduce the observed shape.
Causes, outils et conséquences de l’hétérogenéité du contrôle des filiales dans les groupes de sociétés
Authors: Puyou François-Régis
Published: August 2017

Ce travail porte sur les usages du contrôle de gestion dans la résolution des tensions entre autonomie et intégration des filiales au sein des grands groupes de sociétés. Les pratiques sont observées empiriquement au travers des efforts déployés par les acteurs du reporting dans le but de définir le type de contrôle exercé. L’article défend l’idée que les managers des échelons intermédiaires qui se trouvent à la fois en position de salariés d’une filiale mais aussi en position de maison mère vis-à-vis d’échelons encore inférieurs, sont soucieux de légitimer leur contribution au sein des groupes. Ces derniers témoignent alors de leurs compétences en « gestion des groupes » par une très grande implication dans la mise en œuvre du contrôle sur les filiales. Ces initiatives entrainent des réactions de la part des dirigeants de filiales qui vont de l’opposition franche à l’adhésion plus ou moins négociée. De ces interactions naissent des types de contrôle différents d’un échelon du groupe à un autre aussi bien qu’entre filiales d’une même maison mère.
Les écoles de gestion en France et les fondations américaines (1930-1975)
Authors: Gemelli Giuliana
Published: August 2017

Le développement des écoles de gestion en France, et notamment de celles qui se sont inspirées des programmes MBA, a souvent été perçu comme l’effet d’une simple imitation des modèles américains. Cet article analyse le rôle joué par les grandes fondations américaines (Rockefeller, XXth Century Fund et surtout Ford) et fait apparaître que le tableau fut beaucoup plus complexe. Ce qui caractérisa les trois tournants de la longue gestation des écoles de gestion en France, ce fut plutôt un processus de fertilisation croisée où les acteurs (hommes d’action, consultants, grands commis) furent, avec leurs initiatives et leur capacité de traduction, les vecteurs d’un processus d’appropriation créative. Ce processus eut des répercussions dans l’espace de la concurrence entre les institutions françaises (écoles de gestion, universités) ainsi que dans l’espace de la concurrence internationale. Il apparaît que les fondations américaines ont été en France un vecteur de dynamisme plutôt que d’influence directe ou de domination lors des trois tournants qui sont marqués par de profondes différences historiques.
L’ESSEC, de l’école catholique des fils à papa à la grande école de gestion
Authors: Languille Valérie
Published: August 2017

École catholique fondée par des jésuites au début du siècle, l’ESSEC s’est longtemps distinguée des écoles consulaires (HEC, ESCP, Écoles Supérieures de Commerce de province...) fondées au cours de la seconde moitié du XIX e siècle, à la fois par son mode de fonctionnement, sa mission idéologique et les tensions qui la traversèrent. Un processus de sécularisation, imposé par l’évolution de l’environnement extérieur, a toutefois éloigné l’ESSEC de ses origines catholiques pour l’intégrer dans le système global de l’enseignement supérieur commercial. En cela, l’école se rapproche étonnamment des universités américaines, fondées par des sectes religieuses dans le but de former leurs prêcheurs, qui, voyant peu à peu affluer des étudiants d’autres origines et pressées par la concurrence, sont devenues de grandes universités multidisciplinaires, sans plus aucun lien avec leur vocation première.
Politique de productivité et formations à la gestion en France (1945-1960) : un essai non transformé
Authors: Kipping Matthias , Nioche Jean-Pierre
Published: August 2017

Cet article analyse en détail les efforts pour introduire le management à l’américaine dans le système éducatif français après la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale et les raisons de leur échec presque complet. Parmi ces raisons on relève en premier lieu la réticence des responsables des grandes écoles à tout changement ainsi que les confrontations entre différents groupes d’intérêts économiques et politiques pour le contrôle de la formation continue des cadres et dirigeants. Le renouveau commence seulement vers la fin des années 1950, sous l’impulsion du ministère de l’Éducation Nationale, du Commissariat au Plan et, surtout, de la Chambre de Commerce de Paris.
Networks, values and business: the evolution of British family firms from the eighteenth to the twentieth century
Authors: Rose Mary B.
Published: August 2017

L’environnement institutionnel - le partnership - est largement à l’origine du rôle joué par les firmes familiales dans les débuts de la révolution industrielle. Ce rôle des réseaux et des capitaux familiaux demeure essentiel au cours du XIX e siècle. Les changements survenus à la fin du XIX e siècle et entre les deux guerres n’altèrent pas le modèle, même si se produit un processus de concentration fondé sur les holdings et les fusions. Certes, après 1945, le divorce apparaît de plus en plus grand entre propriété et contrôle, mais la perte d’avantage compétitif de la Grande-Bretagne semble tenir plus aux politiques de redistribution des revenus qu’à un mauvais management des firmes familiales.
Funding enterprise: the finance of British industry during the nineteenth century
Authors: Watson Katherine
Published: August 2017

L’article fournit une brève revue des développements essentiels concernant le financement de l’industrie britannique durant les XVIII e et XIX e siècles. Il résume un certain nombre des débats retenant l’attention des historiens comme le rôle du secteur bancaire et l’échec du marché du capital à la fin de l’époque victorienne. Une seconde section passe en revue l’essor des recherches en histoire bancaire et éclaire le consensus croissant autour de l’idée que les banques britanniques n’ont pas empêché la performance industrielle. La section 3 fournit de nouvelles estimations sur la structure financière des grandes sociétés dans un certain nombre de secteurs clefs de l’économie de la fin du XIX e siècle : il en ressort l’idée d’une diversité des expériences et le fait qu’il faut poursuivre des études économiques pour éclairer la relation historique entre finance et industrie en Grande-Bretagne ainsi que ses implications.
The durability of transaction banking practices in the provision of finance to the business sector by British banks
Authors: Baker Mae , Collins Michael
Published: August 2017

L’étude d’un échantillon de 3 010 firmes industrielles montre qu’entre 1880 et 1914, les banques britanniques leur procurèrent essentiellement des crédits à court terme, exigèrent, avec les progrès de la responsabilité limitée, de plus en plus de garanties, mais continuèrent d’accorder un soutien financier aux entreprises en difficultés. Si, entre les deux guerres, les banques s’engagèrent plus nettement, elles le firent par nécessité au profit de SA faisant appel au public. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, elles demeurèrent attachées à une culture de transaction banking , axée sur le financement à court terme, au grand dam des PME.
La politique de dividendes des houillères du bassin du Pas-de-Calais au XIX e siècle
Authors: Franck Bernard
Published: August 2017

L’économétrie permet de déterminer, en négatif, les comportements d’autofinancement. L’exemple des onze compagnies du bassin du Pas-de-Calais permet d’identifier deux groupes d’entreprises. L’un relève du modèle de la firme classique, recherchant la maximisation du profit, parce que contrôlée par ses actionnaires. L’autre correspond au modèle de la firme directoriale, caractérisée par la séparation de la propriété et du contrôle : elle a pour objectif la croissance du chiffre d’affaires sous contrainte d’un profit minimum. Alors qu’à chaque instant, la firme classique minimise son profit, la firme directoriale détermine sa production de façon à atteindre le profit minimum exigé par les actionnaires et lui-même réévalué en fonction de la croissance du chiffre d’affaires.
Le développement de l’entreprise Viafrance (1971-1995) : de la croissance autofinancée au renforcement de ses fonds propres
Authors: Berthonnet Arnaud
Published: August 2017

Née en 1970, la Société Viafrance parvient, entre 1971 et 1985, à se hisser dans le peloton de tête des entreprises françaises de travaux routiers. Grâce à un haut niveau de marge brute d’autofinancement, elle fait face au désengagement d’Esso de son capital et se réoriente, à partir de 1985 et avec succès, vers la croissance externe. Figurant dès sa création parmi les firmes les plus rentables de son secteur, elle représente un certain modèle de l’entreprise moyenne fondant sa réussite sur des taux élevés d’autofinancement et d’investissement.
Négociation collective et gouvernement des individus dans l’entreprise : la négociation des classifications dans la métallurgie (1968-1975)
Authors: Pezet Éric
Published: August 2017

Cet article traite du lien entre négociation collective, projets politiques et sociaux et pratiques managériales de gouvernement des individus. Il s’appuie sur la négociation de la classification des emplois dans la métallurgie dans la première moitié des années 1970. Cette contribution montre que le programme politique de mensualisation a défini une nouvelle figure d’acteur de l’entreprise par référence à laquelle a été menée la négociation de la classification des emplois dans la métallurgie. L’entreprise Berliet a fourni aux négociateurs une référence concrète pour établir, à partir de la classification des emplois, un lien entre les pratiques managériales de gouvernement des individus et la généralisation du statut de salarié mensualisé.
Contrôle des réseaux de P.M.E. : influence des critères de sélection des partenaires sur la performance
Authors: Tcheubeu Nana Tyéri B. , Ndzogoue Alain Bernard , Kamdem David
Published: August 2017

Les objectifs de ce travail sont les suivants : comprendre et décrire les critères de sélection des partenaires au sein des réseaux de P.M.E., et vérifier si ces critères de sélection peuvent expliquer la performance de ces P.M.E. À partir d’une observation auprès de 54 P.M.E. camerounaises des secteurs manufacturiers et logistiques, il ressort que ces P.M.E., pour le choix des partenaires, tiennent en considération des critères très importants comme : le prix, la qualité, les relations antérieures ; et comme critères considérables, la capacité de production, la réputation et la capacité technique. La littérature indique que lorsque les partenaires sont sélectionnés avec des critères biens élaborés, cela a une influence sur la performance des entreprises, mais, nous constatons que, malgré la prise en comte de ces critères, cela n’altère pas l’opportunisme des acteurs qui reste toujours en arrière-plan de sélection, et par conséquent, n’explique pas la performance.
Introduction. Les dispositifs de transition emploi-retraite en Allemagne
Authors: Chagny Odile , Fröhler Norbert
Published: August 2017

En Allemagne, l’allongement de la durée de l’activité professionnelle constitue l’un des grands objectifs de la politique sociale menée par l’État depuis au moins la réforme des retraites de 1992. Le législateur a progressivement restreint les possibilités de sortie anticipée du marché du travail et relevé les limites d’âge. Dans le même temps, il a encouragé les accords de branche et d’entreprise pour l’élaboration des dispositifs de départ à la retraite. Cet article introductif analyse les évolutions des modalités de transition emploi-retraite et tout particulièrement l’articulation entre le système de retraite, la prise en charge du non-emploi, et les dispositifs relevant des branches et des entreprises. Un second article (Fröhler, dans ce numéro) analyse la « boîte noire » que constituent les accords collectifs de branche ou d’entreprise et leurs conséquences pour les salariés.
Extent and Morbidity of Lateralization of a Trochanteric Fixation Nail Blade
Authors: Sandifer Phillip A. , Hulick Robert M. , Graves Matthew L. , Spitler Clay A. , Russell George V. , Hydrick Josie M. , Jones LaRita C. , Bergin Patrick F.
Published: August 2017

This study examined the incidence and risk factors associated with lateral helical blade migration and trochanteric pain with the trochanteric fixation nail. A retrospective review was performed of 141 cases of pertrochanteric femur fracture treated with a trochanteric fixation nail at a level I trauma center over a period of 42 months. Exclusion criteria included follow-up of less than 60 days, preexisting osteonecrosis of the femoral head, and prophylactic trochanteric fixation nail treatment. Patient demographics, operative findings, and radiographic findings were recorded. Medical records were reviewed to identify symptomatic hardware. Overall, 27 patients (19.1%) were symptomatic, and 3 (2.1%) required revision surgery for blade prominence. Of the patients, 42 (30%) had lateralization of greater than 1 cm, and 16 of these (38.1%) were symptomatic (
P
<.02). A risk factor for lateralization was AO classification, with 46.1% of type A2 fractures showing lateralization of greater than 1 cm. The quality of calcar reduction nearly reached statistical significance, and 44.8% of patients who had inadequate reduction had lateralization of greater than 1 cm compared with 26.4% of patients who had adequate reduction (
P
=.054). Lateralization of greater than 1 cm was directly associated with the presence of symptoms (
P
<.001) and removal of hardware because of trochanteric pain (
P
=.007). Multivariate analysis showed that increasing tip-apex distance, inadequate calcar reduction, and greater fracture severity were predictive of excessive lateralization of greater than 1 cm. Nearly 20% of patients had lateral hip pain associated with cephalomedullary fixation. Final lateralization of the helical blade of greater than 1 cm was a very strong predictor of symptoms. During preoperative counseling, surgeons should caution patients about this relatively frequent and likely underreported complication. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(5):e886–e891.]
Extensor Mechanism Reconstruction for Chronic Patellar Fracture
Authors: Cusano Antonio , Curry Emily J. , Marinko Lee N. , Li Xinning
Published: August 2017

Patients with displaced patellar fractures typically present with disruption to the extensor mechanism requiring acute surgical intervention. Chronic patellar fractures with disruption of the extensor mechanism are uncommon, and few surgical options are available. The authors present a patient who sustained a fracture to the inferior pole of the patella in Africa 5 years prior that was managed conservatively with bands and a brace. He decided to pursue surgical intervention because of difficulties with leg extension, weakness, and ambulation. The patient underwent a novel reconstruction of his chronic extensor mechanism loss with a combination of inferior pole patellar fracture excision, z-plasty and lengthening of the quadriceps tendon, and Achilles tendon reconstruction of the patellar tendon with both hamstring autograft and acellular human dermal matrix allograft augmentation of the entire reconstruction construct. At the final 2-year follow-up, the patient had restored active extension with no extensor lag and had returned to his preinjury activities, including running and playing soccer. [
Orthopedics.
2018; 41(1):e145–e150.]
A Case of Infective Endocarditis caused by Salmonella paratyphi A
Authors: Egodage U.K. , Dharmarathne C. , Mohideen M.S. , Dahanayake M.U. , Bodinayake C.K.
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Endocarditis is a rare complication of salmonellosis. The most frequently observed species is Salmonella typhi[1]. Endocarditis caused by Salmonella paratyphi is extremely rare with only few previous cases documented in the medical literature[2-7]. We report a case of endocarditis caused by Salmonella paratyphi A in an otherwise healthy young patient.
Effect of L-carnitine enrichment on the rotifer and influences on clownfish larvae
Authors: Ghosh S. , Kumar T.T. Ajith , Sahu N.C.
Published: August 2017

Enrichment has shown considerable influence on the population growth, reproduction and individual growth of rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis Müller, 1786) and its utility on the clownfish larvae (Amphiprion ocellaris Cuvier 1830). Using the culture medium of microalgae (Nannochloropsis salina D.J. Hibberd 1981) as the control, rotifers were enriched by dissolving in S-presso (for short term enrichment) or L-carnitine supplements. The study was conducted in three replicates for five and 10 days of batch culture. On day-4, the population density of rotifers exposed to 1, 10 and 100 mg l -1 L-carnitine was significantly increased (p<0.001) by 43, 39 and 54%, respectively, compared to the control. The population density in these three treatments also increased on day-2, day-3 and day-5 compared to the 1000 mg L-1 treatment (p<0.05) and control (p<0.05). The body length (p<0.001) and width (p<0.05) were significantly reduced in the 1000 mgL-1 treatment compared to the control. The mean values of total unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA's, HUFA's and n-3 fatty acids) and the ratio of n-3/n-6, DHA/EPA, EPA/AA were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the rotifers enriched with L-carnitine compared to S-presso and algae. Larvae fed using rotifer enriched with L-carnitine gained the maximum growth (65.7±1 mg), followed by those enriched with S-presso (42.2±0 mg). In L-carnitine treatment, metamorphosis took only 9 days, followed by the control. In L-carnitine and S-presso units, the clownfish larvae took only three days for the first pigmentation compared to four days in N. salina (control) and 10 days with S-presso. Rotifers enriched with L-carnitine showed the highest survival rate (70 %) of the clownfish followed by the control (68%) and S-presso (52%). The results suggested that L-carnitine could be a positive factor to enhance the rotifer production and also its utilization in clownfish larval culture.
Molecular identification and expression of papaya ringspot virus gene in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana Domin) plants
Authors: Mishra R. , Verma R.K. , Petrov N. , Stoyanova M. , Stoev A. , Dikova B. , Bakardijieva N.V. , Gaur R.K.
Published: August 2017

Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) belongs to Potyviridae family, genus Potyvirus and mainly transmitted by aphids (genera Macrosiphum and Myzus). Infected plants show mottling, blister-like patches and distortion of leaves as well as causes ring spot disease in papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruits. The HC-Pro (helper component proteinase), CI (cylindrical inclusion), NIb (nuclear inclusion body b) and Cp (coat protein) gene are involved in many other essential processes during the virus infection cycle as well as for transmission of potyvirus. Novel degenerate primers have been designed for amplification these genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the HC-Pro had the closest relationship with PRSV P isolate MP, CI with PRSV P isolate DEL and partial Nib plus CP with PRSV P isolate DEL as well as PRSV P isolate USA. Eluted PCR product of amplified gene was checked in 1 % agarose gel and cloned in binary vector with reporter gene (GUS). Agroinfiltration and GUS histochemical staining was performed for detecting the movement of a particular gene. The high sensitivity of GUS assays permitted temporal analysis of early expression of potyviral genes. Expression study proved that all genes are involved in long distance movement in host plants.