bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing hypercoagulability and VTE risk using thromboelastography and Khorana score in women with cancers receiving chemotherapy
Authors: Tera Yousra , Suh Yoon Jin , Fainchtein Karina , Agrawal Anita , Mates Mihaela , Othman Maha
Published: March 2024

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common occurrence in cancer and chemotherapy increases thrombosis risk. Current risk assessment models such as the Khorana score (KS) and its modifications have limitations in female cancers. We assessed the coagulation profile of a group of women cancer patients under chemotherapy using thromboelastography (TEG) to determine if this can inform VTE risk assessment. Cancer patients who planned to receive chemotherapy were recruited. Baseline demographics, cancer data, BMI, Khorana Score (KS), and VTE risk factors were recorded and patients were followed for 6 months, for any thrombotic events. A total of 36 patients aged 35–85 (18 breast, 11 endometrial, 7 ovarian cancer) were evaluated. Hypercoagulability was detected in 63% of patients post‐chemo cycle 1 and 75% post‐cycle 2, with a significant increase in MA (maximum amplitude) and CI (clotting index), reduction in R (reaction time), K (clot kinetics), and LY30 (lysis time after 30 min of MA). KS showed only 7% of patients were high risk, 23% were low, and 70% were intermediate risk. MA and CI significantly increased in patients with intermediate and high‐risk KS when compared with the low‐risk patients and MA was positively correlated with KS. Five patients developed actual VTE; 100% of the tested ones were hypercoagulable either post‐cycle 1 or 2 and 80% were KS intermediate risk. TEG is a hypercoagulability marker and TEG‐MA and CI can potentially assess VTE risk. Larger studies are needed to assess the utility of TEG as an adjuvant to KS to better predict VTE in specific female cancers.
Head circumference at birth and postnatal growth trajectory in vulnerable groups from Argentina
Authors: González Garello Tomás , Barbeito‐Andrés Jimena , Pérez Adriana , Cueto Gerardo , Nuñez Pablo , Bonfili Noelia , Gonzalez Paula
Published: March 2024

Objectives

To investigate the association between the anthropometric status at birth and brain and bone growth during the first year of life. According to the brain‐sparing hypothesis, we expect catch‐up to be faster in head circumference (HC) than in body length.

Methods

This is a longitudinal design that included Argentinian infants under 12 months of age with at least three anthropometric records. We classified study participants into four growth status categories according to z‐scores for HC (HCZ) and length (LAZ) at birth, with z‐score = −2 as a threshold. We used the Count model to describe growth trajectories in HC and length in the first year of life according to the growth status at birth. Recovery indicator for HC and length was taken as the time until the predicted growth trajectory surpassed the threshold curve predicted by z‐score = −2 for age.

Results

Growth models included 3399 infants. There were significant differences in the growth parameters between groups in all cases (p < 0.05). Within the group with a low HCZ and a low LAZ at birth, HC recovery was faster than length. In the case of a low z‐score for only one of the variables, newborns with a low HCZ recovered faster than individuals born with a low LAZ.

Conclusions

The postnatal growth pattern in HC and length is associated with the growth status of HC and length at birth. As we hypothesized, the fastest postnatal recovery occurs for HC in cases of intrauterine delayed growth.
Cover Image, Volume 141, Issue 14
Authors: Huang Qing‐Yi , Liu Hui‐Ling , Hsu Wei‐Lun , Wu Tzong‐Ming
Published: March 2024

The cover image by Qing‐Yi Huang shows highly sensitive detection of NH3 in the concentration of 0.6~2.0 ppm, which can be used as a gas‐sensing material to detect kidney or hepatic disease from human breath. DOI: 10.1002/app.55209

image
Synthesis of Indole‐Linked Thiadiazoles and their Anticancer Action against Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Gavadia Renu , Rasgania Jyoti , Sahu Neetu , Nimesh Surendra , Loveleen Lacy , Mor Satbir , Jakhar Komal
Published: March 2024

With a lack of targeted therapy and significantly high metastasis, heterogeneity, and relapse rates, Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) offers substantial treatment challenges and demands more chemotherapeutic interventions. In the present study, indole‐endowed thiadiazole derivatives have been synthesized and screened for antiproliferative potency against the triple‐negative breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cell line. Compound 4 h, possessing chlorophenyl moiety, displays the best anticancer potency (IC50: 0.43 μM) in the cell viability assay. The title compounds demonstrate substantial docking competency against the EGFR receptor (PDB ID: 3POZ), validating their in‐vitro ant proliferative action. With a high docking score (−9.9 to −8.7 kcal/mol), the indole hybrids display significant binding propensity comparable to the co‐crystallized ligand TAK‐285 and occupy a similar strategic position in the active domain of the designated receptor. The quantum and electronic properties of the integrated templates are evaluated through DFT, and optimal values of the deduced global reactivity indices, such as energy gap, electronegativity, ionization potential, chemical potential, electrophilicity, etc., suggest their apt biochemical reactivity. The indole hybrids show near‐appropriate pharmacokinetic efficacy and bioavailability in the in‐silico studies, indicating their candidacy for potential drug usage. Promising in‐vitro anticancer action and binding interfaces project indole conjugates as potential leads in addressing the TNBC dilemma.
Leveraging archival cerebrospinal fluid samples for genetic insights from cell‐free DNA
Authors: Miller Alexandra M. , Bale Tejus A.
Published: March 2024

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples are often a rich source of tumor‐derived cell‐free DNA (cfDNA), a high degree of success in detecting tumor mutations can even be achieved with archival CSF samples.
Soil Fertility, Fertilizers, and Crop Nutrition: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Mikkelsen Robert , Blaylock Alan
Published: March 2024

Society has made (and will be making) significant demands on agriculture in the not‐to‐distant future. Meeting future sustainability goals and environmental regulations while simultaneously continuing to meet requirements for food, feed, fuel, and fiber requires a firm understanding of how “we” have collectively arrived at our current status as it relates to our fertility principles and beliefs as well as the processes that address them. We have advanced far from the earliest thoughts on rudimentary plant nutrition to a sophisticated science of prescription crop nutrition. This article represents the first part of a series that intends to describe crop nutrition and fertilizers from where we have been to where the authors believe that we will likely need to be prepared to go if we are to support world demands into the foreseeable future. Earn 1.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Microgeographic population structuring in a genus of California trapdoor spiders and discovery of an enigmatic new species (Euctenizidae: Promyrmekiaphila korematsui sp. nov.)
Authors: Starrett James , Jochim Emma E. , Quayle Iris L. , Zahnle Xavier J. , Bond Jason E.
Published: March 2024

The recognition and delineation of cryptic species remains a perplexing problem in systematics, evolution, and species delimitation. Once recognized as such, cryptic species complexes provide fertile ground for studying genetic divergence within the context of phenotypic and ecological divergence (or lack thereof). Herein we document the discovery of a new cryptic species of trapdoor spider, Promyrmekiaphila korematsui sp. nov. Using subgenomic data obtained via target enrichment, we document the phylogeography of the California endemic genus Promyrmekiaphila and its constituent species, which also includes P. clathrata and P. winnemem. Based on these data we show a pattern of strong geographic structuring among populations but cannot entirely discount recent gene flow among populations that are parapatric, particularly for deeply diverged lineages within P. clathrata. The genetic data, in addition to revealing a new undescribed species, also allude to a pattern of potential phenotypic differentiation where species likely come into close contact. Alternatively, phenotypic cohesion among genetically divergent P. clathrata lineages suggests that some level of gene flow is ongoing or occurred in the recent past. Despite considerable field collection efforts over many years, additional sampling in potential zones of contact for both species and lineages is needed to completely resolve the dynamics of divergence in Promyrmekiaphila at the population–species interface.
Design, synthesis, olfactory evaluation and molecular docking study of Isoxazoline carboxylate derivatives as fragrance molecules
Authors: Büyükbayram Muhammet , Gürer Sonay , Çat Yeşim , Canayakın Oğuzhan , Altuğ Cevher , Sağırlı Akın
Published: March 2024

In this research, a wide range of aldoxime derivatives with aromatic and aliphatic substituents were synthesized as precursors to nitrile oxide in cycloaddition reactions. The aldoximes were synthesized with good to high yields and showed a lack of diastereoselectivity, as confirmed by 1H NMR measurements. These aldoximes were then utilized as precursors of nitrile oxide in 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions and were treated with dipolarophilic reagents, namely methyl methacrylate (MMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), to produce isoxazoline carboxylate derivatives with high regioselectivity. The obtained compounds were characterized using various techniques, including NMR, FT‐IR, GC–MS and TOF‐LCMS analyses. The study also targets the molecular docking analysis, using Autodock 4.2.6 software, targeting the OR51E2 protein. This protein has drawn recent attention, with the hypothesis that propionic acid activates OR51E2, making it a suitable candidate for the carboxylate group within the obtained isoxazoline skeleton. Through these multifaceted investigations, this research contributes to the design and development of fragrant molecules with potential applications in the fragrance industry, offering a promising avenue for future olfactory innovations.
Regulating lithium affinity of hosts for reversible lithium metal batteries
Authors: Liu Hao , Ji Yuchen , Li Yang , Zheng Shisheng , Dong Zihang , Yang Kai , Cao Aimin , Huang Yuxiang , Wang Yinchao , Shen Haifeng , Zhang Shao‐jian , Pan Feng , Yang Luyi
Published: March 2024

Lithium (Li) metal batteries are regarded as the “holy grail” of next‐generation rechargeable batteries, but the poor redox reversibility of Li anode hinders its practical applications. While extensive studies have been carried out to design lithiophilic substrates for facile Li plating, their effects on Li stripping are often neglected. In this study, by homogeneously loading indium (In) single atoms on N‐doped graphene via In‐N bonds, the affinity between Li and hosting substrates is regulated. In situ observation of Li deposition/stripping processes shows that compared with the N‐doped graphene substrate, the introduction of In effectively promotes its reversibility of Li redox, achieving a dendrite‐free Li anode with much‐improved coulombic efficiency. Interestingly, theoretical calculations demonstrate that In atoms have actually made the substrate less lithophilic via passivating the N sites to avoid the formation of irreversible Li–N bonding. Therefore, a “volcano curve” for reversible Li redox processes is proposed: the affinity of substrates toward Li should be optimized to a moderate value, where the balance for both Li plating and Li stripping processes could be reached. By demonstrating a crucial design principle for Li metal hosting substrates, our finding could trigger the rapid development of related research.
FIGO Preconception Checklist: Preconception care for mother and baby
Authors: Benedetto Chiara , Borella Fulvio , Divakar Hema , O'Riordan Sarah L. , Mazzoli Martina , Hanson Mark , O'Reilly Sharleen , Jacobsson Bo , Conry Jeanne A. , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. ,   FIGO Committee on Well Woman Healthcare, FIGO Committee on the Impact of Pregnancy on Long‐Term Health
Published: March 2024

The preconception period is a unique and opportunistic time in a woman's life when she is motivated to adopt healthy behaviors that will benefit her and her child, making this time period a critical “window of opportunity” to improve short‐ and long‐term health. Improving preconception health can ultimately improve both fetal and maternal outcomes. Promoting health before conception has several beneficial effects, including an increase in seeking antenatal care and a reduction in neonatal mortality. Preconception health is a broad concept that encompasses the management of chronic diseases, including optimal nutrition, adequate consumption of folic acid, control of body weight, adoption of healthy lifestyles, and receipt of appropriate vaccinations. Use of the FIGO Preconception Checklist, which includes the key elements of optimal preconception care, will empower women and their healthcare providers to better prepare women and their families for pregnancy.
Tortoise health. Part 2: common clinical conditions
Authors: Kubiak Marie
Published: March 2024

Background: This is the second article in a two‐part series on tortoise health, and focuses on two areas of significant clinical concern: reproductive and respiratory diseases. Although both common, the clinical presentation of these conditions in tortoises varies greatly from that of more familiar domestic mammal patients. The first part of the series was published in the January/February 2024 issue of In Practice and covered husbandry and husbandry‐related diseases.

Aim of the article: This article outlines further clinical conditions commonly seen in captive tortoises and their aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management. Euthanasia technique is also discussed and is a procedure which is possible to be carried out in any veterinary clinic where welfare of a tortoise is significantly compromised.
Working with small‐scale pig keepers. Part 1: encouraging legislative adherence
Authors: Scott Claire , Nevel Mandy
Published: March 2024

Background: Threats such as African swine fever (ASF) are in close proximity to the UK; therefore, it is a crucial time to protect the British pig herd from exotic notifiable disease, which can be best achieved through legislative adherence. This is especially the case for laws around the feeding of pigs, which remains the likely route for ASF to enter the UK. Keepers of pigs on a small scale, including keepers of pet pigs, may show variable adherence to the relevant legislation. Furthermore, general farm practitioners, often responsible for supervising small‐scale pig holdings, may be less familiar with legislative requirements than those vets who deal solely with pigs. Despite this, legal requirements must be met on all holdings and overseeing vets are key to encouraging legislative compliance among keepers.

Aim of the article: This article, the first in a two‐part series on working with small‐scale pig keepers, serves as a reference for vets so that they can provide their clients with up‐to‐date advice on how to keep pigs within the legal framework for the UK. It also offers advice on how this information could be shared among pig keepers. Part two, which will be published in a subsequent issue of In Practice, will focus on how we, as vets, can encourage antibiotic stewardship on smallholdings.
Opportunities for improving your medical equipment asset base
Authors: Brown Scott
Published: March 2024

The surplus of medical equipment procured by the NHS during the Covid‐19 pandemic provides the veterinary sector with an opportunity to significantly improve the medical equipment they use on a daily basis. This article outlines how building a strategic replacement programme in practice is the first step to actively managing an asset base of medical devices, and explains that there are now good opportunities to improve the veterinary medical equipment asset bases with significantly lower investment.
復温困難であった広範囲熱傷患者に対して，中心静脈留置型経皮的体温調節システムを用いて迅速な復温と体温管理を行い，救命に成功した1例(A case of successful rapid rewarming using an intravascular temperature management system in a patient with extensive burns)
Authors: 智也 廣瀬 , 忠彦 塩崎 , 健太郎 清水 , 大史 福岡 , 智彦 酒井 , 淳也 島崎 , 順 織田
Published: March 2024

広範囲熱傷患者は容易に低体温に陥り，その時の熱産生能力が患者の生命予後と関与している。自力で熱産生することができない熱傷患者を復温させることは非常に困難である。しかし，近年，直接血液を加温する装置（中心静脈留置型経皮的体温調節システム）が軽量・簡易化されており，迅速に復温させることが可能となった。今回我々は，低体温に陥り復温困難であった重症熱傷症例に対して，この装置を用いて迅速な復温と体温管理を行い，救命することができたので報告する。症例はburn index 33，prognostic burn index 95の広範囲熱傷患者（62歳の男性）が，第8病日に熱傷感染創が原因で敗血症性ショックに陥り，当院に転院となった。来院後，ガーゼ交換後に38.5℃から34.8℃まで急激に体温が低下した。通常の加温では復温困難であったため，予定していたデブリードマンを中止して，中心静脈留置型経皮的体温調節システムを用いて迅速な復温と体温管理を行った。来院から24時間後に37℃に復温したことを確認して感染創のデブリードマンを行い，その後数回の手術を経て救命することができた。低体温から速やかに復温することができない広範囲熱傷患者に対しては，中心静脈留置型経皮的体温調節システムを用いて直接血液を加温して復温させることが有効な治療手段となりうる。
ナッツ類を摂取したことにより摂食てんかんを発症した1症例(A case of eating epilepsy characterized by an epilepsy attack that occurred following the consumption of nuts)
Authors: 翔 早川 , 剛 大塚 , 良輔 古谷
Published: March 2024

反射性てんかんとは，特定の刺激によりてんかん発作を生じる疾患であり，そのなかの一つに食事を摂取することで生じる摂食てんかんがある。本症例の患者は40歳代の男性，夕食摂取後に痙攣発作が認められたため救急要請された。以前にも同様の主訴で救急搬送された経緯があった。詳細な病歴聴取の結果，いずれもナッツ類を摂取した後の発症であり，ナッツ類を摂取したことによる摂食てんかんの診断となった。摂食てんかんは報告数が少ない稀な疾患であり，ナッツ類を契機としたものは調べた範囲では報告がなかった。発生機序の詳細は不明であるが現時点で側頭葉辺縁領域や辺縁外領域の関与が考えられている。検査所見に特異的なものはなく，鑑別疾患が主な診断方法となる。鑑別すべき疾患としてはアナフィラキシーと症候性痙攣が挙げられ，診断にはそれぞれの疾患の特徴を理解し，患者からの過去の痙攣の既往，直前に摂取した食事の内容，以前にその食事を摂取したときに痙攣や意識障害を発症したかどうか，アレルギー歴などの詳細な病歴聴取が重要である。
新型コロナウイルス感染を契機に発症した気管支動脈瘤破裂による呼吸不全に対しVV–ECMOを導入し救命し得た1例(Alveolar hemorrhage due to rupture of multiple bronchial aneurysms complicated with corona virus disease 2019 successfully treated with veno–venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a case report)
Authors: 紗矢果 長木 , 高寛 湯川 , 里織 大坪 , 武志 山際
Published: March 2024

気管支動脈瘤は稀な疾患であり，気管支動脈瘤破裂は致死的大量喀血の原因となりうる。症例は69歳の男性。呼吸困難と右胸痛，喀血を主訴に当院に搬送された。来院時38℃台の発熱がありSARS–CoV–2抗原検査が陽性であったためcoronavirus disease 2019（COVID–19）と診断した。搬送時より低酸素血症が顕著であり直ちに迅速導入気管挿管し人工呼吸管理を開始したが，危機的低酸素血症が遷延していたため緊急でveno–venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation（VV–ECMO）を導入した。呼吸状態が安定したのちに喀血の原因検索目的に胸腹部造影CT検査を施行したところ，左右気管支動脈共通幹に動脈瘤を認めた。気管支動脈の血管造影検査を行い，責任病変を特定して経皮的塞栓術を行った。第7病日にVV–ECMO，続いて人工呼吸管理を終了し，理学療法などを行い第14病日に自宅退院した。本症例ではCOVID–19感染を契機に未診断の多発気管支動脈瘤が破裂したことで発症した危機的低酸素血症に対してVV–ECMO導入により患者の救命に成功した。COVID–19は血管内皮障害に伴って気管支動脈瘤破裂を引き起こす可能性があり，注意が必要である。
カフェイン中毒により脳虚血を来し，片麻痺症状を呈したと考えられた1例(A case of hemiplegia caused by cerebral ischemia due to caffeine intoxication)
Authors: 伸 南和 , 恭輔 高端 , 勲 鵜飼 , 奈央子 重安 , 雄公 中川
Published: March 2024

既往にうつ病のある43歳の女性が，カフェイン含有の市販薬を大量内服し，当院に救急搬送された。来院時，交感神経亢進型のトキシドロームを認め，病歴からカフェイン中毒と診断した。カフェインの摂取量は致死量となりうる8g相当であったため，気管挿管のうえ活性炭投与に加えて緊急で血液濾過透析を行う方針とした。持続的血液濾過透析後，速やかに洞性頻脈は改善し，第8病日に抜管できた。抜管後に入院時に認めなかった右上下肢の不全麻痺が明らかとなったことから，頭部MRIを撮影したところ，左淡蒼球と一部内包後脚にかかる部位に拡散強調画像で高信号，FLAIR像で高信号の病変を認めた。MRAでは主血管の病変は認めず，高用量のカフェインによる脳虚血を疑い，保存的治療の方針とした。1週間後の頭部MRI再検では，拡散強調画像とFLAIR像での信号変化は軽減していた。経時的に右上下肢不全麻痺は改善を認めた。カフェインは中枢神経作用としてアデノシンA1，A2A受容体拮抗作用を示し，脳血管の収縮を来すことから，高用量の摂取により脳虚血を起こす可能性が考えられた。淡蒼球は虚血に脆弱な部位であり，本症例の画像所見として表れたと考えられた。カフェイン中毒では脳血管収縮から脳虚血を来し，片麻痺などの中枢神経症状を呈する可能性があり，注意が必要である。
心停止蘇生後の低体温療法によって電気的ストームを生じた早期再分極症候群の1例(A case of early repolarization syndrome in which hypothermia after cardiopulmonary resuscitation resulted in development of an electrical storm)
Authors: 喬之 鈴木 , 峰司 早川 , 侑可子 山田 , 悠 松本 , 慶憲 本間
Published: March 2024

症例は20歳の男性。夜間就寝中に突然呻吟と意識消失を認めたため，家族が救急要請した。救急隊到着時は無脈性電気活動（pulseless electrical activity: PEA）であり，アドレナリンの静脈内投与を行ったものの心拍再開せずに搬入された。来院時，心電図はPEAであったが気管挿管，アドレナリン投与により心拍再開した。心拍再開後，12誘導心電図にJ波や明らかなST変化はみられなかった。意識レベルの改善が見られず，挿管・鎮静下に低体温療法を開始した。低体温療法開始1時間半後から心室細動（ventricular fibrillation: VF）が生じ，その後電気的ストームとなったため，抗不整脈薬を投与し電気的除細動を繰り返した。12誘導心電図を再検したところJ波が広範な誘導に出現していた。冠動脈造影検査では冠動脈に狭窄はなく，アセチルコリン負荷試験でも冠動脈の亜閉塞や完全閉塞は認めなかった。冠動脈造影検査後，低体温療法を中止し平温療法を開始した。平温療法開始後，J波は消失しその後VFを生じることはなかった。今回，心肺停止蘇生後の低体温療法によってJ波が顕在化し，電気的ストームを生じた早期再分極症候群の症例を経験し，特発性VFによる心停止蘇生後に低体温療法をする際にはJ波の出現に注意する必要があると考えられたため，報告する。
Federally funded genomic research probes cognitive link to illness
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: March 2024

An investigator at the New York‐based Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research contends that a new $3.1 million grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) will help expand understanding of the genetics of cognitive function and their connection to major mental illnesses. Findings in this area could ultimately lead to breakthrough treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, major depression, autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Short‐Term Ingestion of Essential Amino Acid Based Nutritional Supplements or Whey Protein Improves the Physical Function of Older Adults Independently of Gut Microbiome
Authors: Azhar Gohar , Verma Ambika , Robeson Michael S. , Patyal Pankaj , Nookaew Intawat , Sharma Shakshi , Pangle Amanda , Che Yingni , Wolfe Robert R. , Wei Jeanne Y.
Published: March 2024

Scope: Dietary proteins and essential amino acids (EAAs) are the major nutritional supplements that support the growth and activity of gut microbes contributing to the wellbeing of their host. This study hypothesizes that daily supplementation of the diet with either EAAs or whey protein for 12 weeks would improve the gut microbiome of older adults.

Methods and results: The stool samples are processed and subjected to Illumina‐based 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing. In both groups, the most abundant families are found in order of relative abundance included: Bacteroidaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, Rikenellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Oscillospiraceae, Tannerellaceae, and Akkermansiaceae, which indicate that these subjects are able to maintain a same healthy microbial diversity in their guts. A significant finding is a reduction of proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) in the EAAs group. It also uses the standard 6‐min walking test (6MWT) as a measure of cardiopulmonary fitness. At the end of the study, the subjects in the EAAs group perform significantly better in the 6MWT as compared to the whey group.

Conclusion: It seems plausible that the improved physical performance and reduced proinflammatory cytokine, IL‐18 seen in the EAAs group, are independent of changes in gut microbiota.
High‐order models for hydro‐mechanical coupling problems in multiscale porous media
Authors: Zuo Hong , Yang Zhiqiang , Cui Junzhi , Deng Shouchun , Li Haibo , Guo Zitao
Published: March 2024

An accurate prediction of nonlinear hydro‐mechanical (HM) coupling in subsurface structures with pronounced heterogeneity at multiple spatial scales is still an open topic and crucial for numerous engineering applications, for example, hydraulic fracturing and enhanced geothermal systems. In this study, novel high‐order multi‐scale asymptotic solutions are developed to accurately capture the locally oscillating characteristics of gas flow and solid displacement fields at multiple scales. First, the formal macro‐meso two‐scale asymptotic expansion is performed to establish the homogenized solutions and macro‐meso high‐order models which can predict the HM coupling problems at the macroscale and mesoscale. By directly expanding the cell functions defined at the mesoscale to the microscopic levels, the high‐order two‐scale expansion for the mesoscopic cell functions is built, and the upscaled relations for the flow parameters and constitutive coefficients from the microscale to the mesoscale and macroscale are developed correspondingly. The multi‐scale low/high‐order models are established by combining the high‐order expansion of all cell functions at the mesoscale and the developed macro‐meso two‐scale models. The main contributions are that the present approaches follow the reverse thought processes of reiteration homogenization methods, and offer a very innovative and efficient way to establish high‐accuracy high‐order models for the nonlinear HM coupling problems in the heterogeneous porous medium with any number of spatial scales. The effectiveness and accuracy of the present solution are validated by several representative cases with different constitutive coefficient contrasts. The results demonstrate that the high‐order solutions provide an accurate prediction for gas transport and solid deformation of heterogeneous porous media with multi‐scale configurations.
Publication trends and hot spots in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle: A bibliometric analysis (2010–2022)
Authors: Yuan Dong‐liang , Xie Wen‐qing , He Miao , Yu Deng‐jie , Li Heng‐zhen , Jin Hong‐fu , Yang Guang , Ji Bing‐zhou , Xiao Wen‐feng , Li Yu‐sheng
Published: March 2024

Background

The Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle is a quarterly peer‐reviewed medical journal published by WILEY since 2010 and has been dedicated to advancing research on chronic diseases, especially cachexia and sarcopenia. Over the past 12 years, sarcopenia research worldwide has significantly changed. This study aimed to investigate different aspects of studies published in this journal.

Methods

Using the term ‘Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle’, we retrieved related publications from the Web of Science and PubMed databases. Studies published in this journal were classified and analysed from different perspectives, such as the number of studies, total citations, times cited per item, H‐index, research area, article types, institutions, country and funding agency. The VOS viewer software was used for co‐occurrence, bibliographic coupling, co‐citation and co‐authorship analyses.

Results

From 2010 to 2022, 1194 studies were published in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. The United States was the highest contributor, with the most publications and citations and the highest H‐index. Italy ranked first for the times cited per item. The main research area was geriatrics and gerontology. von Haehling S was the author with the highest impact. The National Institutes of Health, USA, and the United States Department of Health Human Services funded the maximum number of studies. The top 5 most frequently used keywords in all publications over 12 years were sarcopenia, cachexia, skeletal muscle, body composition and muscle mass. The Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle was cited the most by Nutrients, and PLOS ONE was cited the most by the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.

Conclusions

Publications in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle have significantly increased from 2010 to 2022, especially in recent years. The United States is still the leader in sarcopenia research. Future submissions to this journal will continue to focus on sarcopenia, cachexia, skeletal muscle, body‐composition and muscle mass. The aetiology, molecular mechanisms and outcomes of sarcopenia and cachexia are current research hotspots.
Potassium tert‐Butoxide‐Catalyzed Selective Synthesis of 1,4‐Benzodioxepines via 7‐exo/7‐endo‐dig Cyclization of Alkynol: Experimental and DFT Study
Authors: Nosood Yazdanbakhsh Lotfi , Takallou Ahmad , Hosseini Mohammad Reza , Al‐Shidhani Sulaiman , Anwar Muhammad U. , Al‐Harrasi Ahmed
Published: March 2024

A new method utilizing base catalysis is outlined for the synthesis of 1,4‐benzodioxepines, introducing a unique scaffold containing a seven‐membered ring heterocycle. The reaction proceeded under thermal conditions, with no waste was generated during the transformation, highlighting its remarkable atom efficiency and environmental friendliness. A straightforward metal‐free reaction condition utilizing 2‐propynyloxy benzyl alcohols as starting material and a catalytic amount of t‐BuOK in mesitylene at 100 °C for 1 hour was employed for this intramolecular cyclization transformation, resulting in the formation of 1,4‐Benzodioxepines in good to excellent yields and high regio‐ and diastereo‐selectivity. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations yielded the relative internal energy (U), enthalpy (H), and Gibbs free energy (G) values for all possible products, aligning closely with our experimental data.
Colorful Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Including White Afterglow from Mechanical Robust Transparent Wood for Time Delay Lighting
Authors: Lü Zequan , Gao Qian , Shi Meichao , Su Zhenhua , Chen Gegu , Qi Haisong , Lü Baozhong , Peng Feng
Published: March 2024

The preparation of mechanical robust organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials especially with white afterglow is attractive but rarely reported. Herein, a method to produce mechanical robust colorful RTP transparent wood (PTW) by infiltrating delignified wood with poly (vinyl alcohol) solutions containing arylboronic acids with various π conjugations is reported. The doubly rigid environment provided by the B─O covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds can stabilize the triplet excitons, leading to a ultralong lifetime of up to 2.13 s and excellent RTP emission stability (without obviously quenching over a month) of the target PTW. Besides, as a promising structural material for optical applications, the PTW shows combined advantages of multicolored persistent luminescence (from blue to green and then to red), good optical transmittance (≈90%), and striking mechanical strength (≈154 MPa). More importantly, by introducing appropriate amount of fluorescent dye rhodamine 6 G to the PTW with blue afterglow, white afterglow with a lifetime of 1.85 s is successfully achieve through triplet‐to‐singlet Förster resonance energy transfer. The PTW can function as afterglow window, anticounterfeiting label, and time delay lighting. This success paves the way for the development of mechanical robust, ecofriendly, and practical RTP materials.
Meeting our ‘vets in the making’
Authors: Carlin Laura
Published: March 2024

Laura Carlin, BVA membership marketing manager, has been chatting to students at vet schools around the UK.
BVA unveils new strategic plan
Authors: Betton Vicki
Published: March 2024

Vicki Betton, BVA's communications director, introduces our latest three‐year strategic plan, which helps us to deliver our long‐term objectives and provide strong leadership, especially when emerging issues impact the profession.
Domain walls and distances in discrete landscapes
Authors: Basile Ivano , Montella Carmine
Published: March 2024

Abstract

We explore a notion of distance between vacua of a discrete landscape that takes into account scalar potentials and fluxes via transitions mediated by domain walls. Such settings commonly arise in supergravity and string compactifications with stabilized moduli. We derive general bounds and simple estimates in supergravity which constrain deviations from the ordinary swampland distance conjecture based on moduli space geodesics, and we connect this picture to renormalization group flows via holography.
Enzymatic Self-Degradable PLA-Based Electrets
Authors: Flachs Dennis , Zhukov Sergey , Zech Isabella , Schreck Timo , Belle Stefan , von Seggern Heinz , Kupnik Mario , Altmann Alexander Anton , Thielemann Christiane
Published: March 2024

In recent years, the demand for sustainable and degradable materials and electronic devices has increased significantly. Among a range of biodegradable polymers, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a good alternative to conventional petrol-based polymers because of its attractive mechanical properties and its easy processability. Recently, PLA has also been described as a promising dielectric material with piezoelectric and electret properties. We expect that PLA—after further optimization—will play an important role as a material for environmentally friendly sensors in the future, where first applications such as air filters and pressure sensors have already been proposed. However, degradation under normal ambient conditions is very slow, and an accelerated and controllable degradation process is highly desirable for any type of PLA-based sensors. Enzymatic hydrolysis with embedded enzymes has been proposed as an approach to accelerate and control degradation. In this work, we investigate the properties of PLA in terms of dielectric and mechanical properties with a focus on its ability to store charges after the enzyme proteinase K (Trit. album) has been incorporated. Results reveal that proteinase K has a positive effect on the charge stability of solvent-cast PLA electrets after complete evaporation of the solvent. Furthermore, we observed a concentration-dependent acceleration of mass loss in a Tris-HCl buffer. A fast degradation within only one day occurred at a concentration of 6 wt% proteinase K.
Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war and their employment in the Italian hinterland (1915–1920)
Authors: Juhász Balázs
Published: March 2024

This essay deals with the criteria for the employment of POWs in Italy during the Great War. It is a contribution to the current research demonstrating the close connection between civilian and military spheres during the war, including in the area of internment. This intertwining is particularly evident when one studies the wartime economic system. Although the article shows that the contribution of POWs was marginal, their work was diverse and particularly visible in certain sectors. Therefore, it is important to clarify the rules that governed their employment, and the outcomes of their work.
The re-establishment of desiccation tolerance in germinated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seeds
Authors: Sano Naoto , Verdier Jerome
Published: March 2024

Desiccation tolerance (DT) of seeds, one of the plant's environmental adaptation mechanisms, allows them to survive as seeds in a quiescent state under extremely water-deficient conditions during the plant's life cycle, followed by seed germination and seedling establishment under favourable water conditions. The seed-DT is lost after radicle emergence; however, there is a developmental period called the ‘DT window’ during which the germinating seeds can re-induce DT following a cue from their ambient low water potential (i.e. mild osmotic stress). The DT re-inducibility within the DT window has been used as a model biosystem for understanding molecular mechanisms that activate/supress DT in a number of plant species. However, the characteristics of the DT window for species particularly important to the agroindustry are still largely fragmented. Here, physiological analyses were performed, aiming to elucidate the properties of the DT window in tomato, a model species for Solanaceae, holding a key strategic position for the seed industry and commercial use around the world. We revealed that (i) the DT window of tomato seeds is closed when the developing radicle reaches about 4 mm after germination, (ii) the most effective ambient water potential to re-induce DT into seeds is about −1.5 MPa and (iii) there is organ specificity of DT re-induction with hypocotyls, showing a longer DT window than cotyledons and roots in post-germination seeds.
Bilingualism reduces associations between cognition and the brain at baseline, but does not show evidence of cognitive reserve over time
Authors: Elliott Meghan R. , Mungas Dan M , Arce Rentería Miguel , Whitmer Rachel A. , DeCarli Charles , Fletcher Evan M
Published: March 2024

Studies suggest that bilingualism may be associated with better cognition, but the role of active bilingualism, the daily use of two languages, on cognitive trajectories remains unclear. One hypothesis is that frequent language switching may protect cognitive trajectories against effects of brain atrophy. Here, we examined interaction effects between language and brain variables on cognition among Hispanic participants at baseline (N = 153) and longitudinally (N = 84). Linguistic measures included self-reported active Spanish–English bilingualism or Spanish monolingualism. Brain measures included, at baseline, regions of gray matter (GM) thickness strongly correlated with cross-sectional episodic memory and executive function and longitudinally, tissue atrophy rates correlated with episodic memory and executive function change. Active Spanish–English bilinguals showed reduced association strength between cognition and gray matter thickness cross-sectionally, β=0.303, p < .01 but not longitudinally, β=0.024, p = 0.105. Thus, active bilingualism may support episodic memory and executive function despite GM atrophy cross-sectionally, but not longitudinally.
Development and Operation of a Global‐Scale Seismographic Network: The IRIS/USGS GSN
Authors: Davis Peter
Published: March 2024

From inception in the late 1980s up to the present, the Global Seismographic Network has produced high quality seismic data that has advanced research into the structure of the Earth's deep interior particularly the large‐scale heterogeneous elastic/anelastic structure of the mantle and core. The network's breadth of coverage enables images of great earthquakes impossible to obtain from regional networks or array data alone. Analysis of the data has provided new insights into non‐traditional seismic sources such as slow earthquakes, glaciers and landslides. Ancillary meteorological and infrasound sensors collocated at the sites support unique studies of volcanic events such as the recent eruption of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai volcano. Near real‐time transmission of the data to hazard warning centers has expanded the network's usefulness as a tool for rapid response to earthquakes, for warning communities effected by tsunamis, and for monitoring compliance with nuclear test ban treaties. The successful construction and operation of the network would not be possible without the outstanding international cooperation of many governmental, academic and private groups who have hosted components of the network.
River Control Points for Algal Productivity Revealed by Transport Analysis
Authors: Schmadel Noah M. , Harvey Judson W. , Choi Jay , Stackpoole Sarah M. , Graham Jennifer L. , Murphy Jennifer C.
Published: March 2024

Measurement of planktonic chlorophyll‐a—a proxy for algal biomass—in rivers may represent local production or algae transported from upstream, confounding understanding of algal bloom development in flowing waters. We modeled 3 years of chlorophyll‐a transport through a 394‐km portion of the Illinois River and found that although algal biomass is longitudinally widespread, most net production occurs at river control points in the upper reaches (up to 3.7 Mg chlorophyll‐a y−1 km−1). Up to 69% of the algal biomass in the upper river was a result of within‐reach production, with the remainder recruited from headwaters and tributaries. High chlorophyll‐a measured farther downstream was largely because of transport from source‐area control points, with substantial net losses of algal biomass occurring in the lower river. Modeling the often‐overlooked river transport component is necessary to characterize where, when, and why planktonic algae grow and predict how far and fast they move downstream.
Storylines for Future Projections of Precipitation Over New Zealand in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Gibson Peter B. , Rampal Neelesh , Dean Samuel M. , Morgenstern Olaf
Published: March 2024

Large uncertainty exists in the sign of long‐term changes in regional scale mean precipitation across the current generation of global climate models. To explore the physical drivers of this uncertainty for New Zealand, here we adopt a storyline approach applying cluster analysis to spatial patterns of future projected seasonal mean precipitation change across CMIP6 models (n = 43). For the winter precipitation change signal, the models split roughly into two main groups: both groups have a very robust wet signal across the west coast of the South Island but differ notably in terms of the sign of precipitation change across the north of the North Island. These far north winter precipitation differences appear related to how far the Hadley cell edge and regional eddy‐driven jet shift across the models relative to their historical positions. In contrast, for summer, most models have a markedly weaker and spatially non‐uniform response, where internal variability often plays a large role. However, a small group of models predict a robust wet signal across most of the country in summer. This “wet model” group is characterized by a regional La Niña‐like increase in high pressure shifted further to the south‐east of New Zealand, associated with more frequent north‐easterly flow over the country and accompanied by significant warming of local sea surface temperatures. This regional circulation response appears related to changes in stationary Rossby wave paths as opposed to changes in La Niña occurrence frequency itself.
Localized General Vertical Coordinates for Quasi‐Eulerian Ocean Models: The Nordic Overflows Test‐Case
Authors: Bruciaferri Diego , Guiavarc'h Catherine , Hewitt Helene T. , Harle James , Almansi Mattia , Mathiot Pierre , Colombo Pedro
Published: March 2024

A generalized methodology to deploy different types of vertical coordinate system in arbitrarily defined time‐invariant local areas of quasi‐Eulerian numerical ocean models is presented. After detailing its characteristics, we show how the general localization method can be used to improve the representation of the Nordic Seas overflows in the UK Met Office NEMO‐based eddy‐permitting global ocean configuration. Three z*‐levels with partial steps configurations localizing different types of hybrid geopotential/terrain‐following vertical coordinates in the proximity of the Greenland‐Scotland ridge are implemented and compared against a control configuration. Experiments include a series of idealized and realistic numerical simulations where the skill of the models in computing pressure forces, reducing spurious diapycnal mixing and reproducing observed properties of the Nordic Seas overflows are assessed. Numerical results prove that the localization approach proposed here can be successfully used to embed terrain‐following levels in a global geopotential levels‐based configuration, provided that the localized vertical coordinate chosen is flexible enough to allow a smooth transition between the two. In addition, our experiments show that deploying localized terrain‐following levels via the multi‐envelope method allows the crucial reduction of spurious cross‐isopycnal mixing when modeling bottom intensified buoyancy driven currents, significantly improving the realism of the Nordic Seas overflows simulations in comparison to the other configurations. Important hydrographic biases are found to similarly affect all the realistic experiments and a discussion on how their interaction with the type of localized vertical coordinate affects the realism of the simulated overflows is provided.
Last Chance Lake Harbors the Highest Known Levels of Phosphate
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: March 2024

Bodies of water such as this might have functioned as cradles of life, given their unique biogeochemistry.
Mapping Sinking Land for Tribal Resilience in Louisiana
Authors: van Deelen Grace
Published: March 2024

The Grand Caillou/Dulac Band of Biloxi Chitimacha Choctaw Tribe has been losing land to the sea, which could hamper efforts to gain federal recognition.
Reduction of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) in association with relapse in early-stage psychosis: a 7-Tesla MRS study
Authors: Mihaljevic Marina , Chang Yu-Ho , Witmer Ashley M. , Coughlin Jennifer M. , Schretlen David J. , Barker Peter B. , Yang Kun , Sawa Akira
Published: March 2024

Understanding the biological underpinning of relapse could improve the outcomes of patients with psychosis. Relapse is elicited by multiple reasons/triggers, but the consequence frequently accompanies deteriorations of brain function, leading to poor prognosis. Structural brain imaging studies have recently been pioneered to address this question, but a lack of molecular investigations is a knowledge gap. Following a criterion used for recent publications by others, we defined the experiences of relapse by hospitalization(s) due to psychotic exacerbation. We hypothesized that relapse-associated molecules might be underscored from the neurometabolites whose levels have been different between overall patients with early-stage psychosis and healthy subjects in our previous report. In the present study, we observed a significant decrease in the levels of N-acetyl aspartate in the anterior cingulate cortex and thalamus in patients who experienced relapse compared to patients who did not. Altogether, decreased N-acetyl aspartate levels may indicate relapse-associated deterioration of neuronal networks in patients.
Predicting hypovitaminosis C with LASSO algorithm in adult critically ill patients in surgical intensive care units: a bi-center prospective cohort study
Authors: Hu Jie , Zhang Jingwen , Li Dawei , Hu Xin , Li Qi , Wang Wenwen , Su Jianguo , Wu Di , Kang Hongjun , Zhou Feihu
Published: March 2024

Vitamin C played pleiotropic roles in critical illness and vitamin C insufficiency was predictive of the development of multiple organ failure. Currently, the prevalence of vitamin C insufficiency in Chinese critically ill patients is rarely determined and there are no established bedside tools to predict hypovitaminosis C. To develop a nomogram to identify patients with high risk of hypovitaminosis C, we performed a bi-center prospective cohort study at two ICUs of the first and sixth medical center in PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China from May 6th to July 31st, 2021 We identified 322 eligible patients. 62.4% patients were hypovitaminosis C. 7 features, including source of infection, the level of serum albumin, age, male gender, sepsis, vascular disease, and wasting of vitamin C by the kidney, were selected using LASSO algorithm and therefore included in the nomogram. In the testing set, our model showed moderate discrimination ability with areas under the curve of 0.75 [0.64–0.84]. Variable importance evaluated by SHAP value highlighted two novel important predictors, i.e., abdominal infection and the level of serum albumin. In conclusion, we first reported a high burden of vitamin C insufficiency in Chinese adult patient in the ICU. We also constructed a prediction model to timely identify patients with high risk of hypovitaminosis C, which allows the clinicians to choose appropriate candidates for Vitamin C repletion in clinical practice or clinical trials.