bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rethinking the Translation of τρέχωμεν τὸν . . . ἀγῶνα in Hebrews 12.1 in Light of Ancient Graeco-Roman Literature
Authors: Hollinger Zoe
Published: April 2019

The phrase τρέχωμεν τὸν . . . ἀγῶνα in Heb 12.1 is almost universally translated into English as “let us run the race.” Despite commentators noting that ἀγών refers to a struggle or contest, the fact that it is governed by τρέχω, typically translated “run,” leads to the conclusion that ἀγών must signify a race. Yet, an analysis of the same phrase in Graeco-Roman literature demonstrates that when τρέχω and ἀγών are combined in a context that lacks athletic imagery, the phrase frequently refers to a struggle, often in the face of death. This observation, combined with closer attention to the context in which the phrase occurs in Hebrews, suggests that τρέχωμεν τὸν . . . ἀγῶνα in Heb 12.1 should be translated as “let us undergo the struggle”—the focus being on the audience’s struggle in the face of death, not on their athletic prowess on the race track.
Are We Speaking the Same Language? The Influence of Scripture Translations on How Christians and Muslims Talk about God
Authors: Richardson Bill T.
Published: April 2019

The publication of the Turkish Common Language translation in 2001 ( Kutsal Kitap) helped Protestant Christians in Turkey develop their own unique subdialect of Turkish for discussing religious and theological topics. Consequently, there is now a kind of language barrier between Christians and the average Muslim. I evaluated a variety of written texts and oral discourse produced by Turkish Muslims as well as translations of the Qur’an. With regard to the names and forms of address used for God, I found that usage in Turkish closely correlates with the Arabic of the Qur’an. I also found that dialogue in Christian sermons and texts also closely corresponds with the translation choices made in the 2001 Turkish Bible. I conclude that where subdialects are sufficiently diverse, a different translation for each dialect or social group will be helpful for the society as a whole.
Serum interleukin-10 level in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A meta-analysis
Authors: Meng Danli , Liang Liexin , Guo Xianwen
Published: April 2019

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a key anti-inflammatory cytokine, and it is associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the relationship between serum IL-10 level and IBD remains controversial. In this study, a meta-analysis was performed using STATA 12.0 software. Articles were gathered by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Chinese Biomedical Database. Relevant studies were examined to identify their eligibility. Finally, eight studies met the inclusion criteria; these studies consisted of 211 patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC), 134 patients diagnosed with Crohn’s disease (CD), and 131 healthy control subjects. The IL-10 levels in the serum samples of UC patients significantly increased (pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08–1.03, P = 0.022). No significant association was observed in both adult (>17 years old) and pediatric (<17 years old) UC patients in a subgroup analysis performed in terms of age among all UC patients. The relationship between serum IL-10 concentration and UC patients did not differ as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and no significant differences were observed when Bio-Plex technology and Luminex assay were used for analyses. There is no statistical difference of serum IL-10 levels between patients with UC and CD. Results suggest that the IL-10 levels increased in UC patients compared with the control group, and such increase contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of UC. Therefore, serum IL-10 level may be a noninvasive biomarker for UC patients.
Endometriotic lesions
Authors: Maharajaa Sri PK , Asally Razan , Markham Robert , Manconi Frank
Published: April 2019

Endometriosis is a complex gynaecological condition affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterised by the presence of lesions containing endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus. The disease is typically associated with pelvic pain (including dysmenorrhoea and dyspareunia), infertility and bowel-related symptoms. Endometriotic lesions have a highly variable presentation and most commonly occur in the abdominal cavity. These lesions are broadly classified into peritoneal, ovarian and deep infiltrating endometriosis. There have been observations of increased density of nerve fibres and neurological molecules in the endometriotic lesions compared to the uninvolved peritoneum of women without endometriosis and the presence of unmyelinated nerve fibres were higher near the glands. The lesion sites are characterised by a range of immunological alterations, and specific immune cell populations have also been known to synthesise and secrete neurogenic factors. Endometriotic lesions are capable of producing prostaglandins which are direct generators of pain and are capable of inducing inflammation. Diagnosing the disease involves direct visualisation of the lesions through a laparoscopic or laparotomy, which is followed by histopathological examination of biopsied or excised lesions. The staging of endometriosis due to its complexity is highly variable as presentation and gaps in knowledge pose a great challenge in the classification of the disease. The medical management of endometriosis aims at providing adequate analgesia and suppression of the activity of the lesion. A better understanding of endometriotic lesion relationships between innervations and specific clinical characteristics may elucidate aspects of pain mechanisms and infertility in endometriosis and facilitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
Impact of Routine Gastrocnemius Stretching on Ankle Dorsiflexion Flexibility and Injury Rates in High School Basketball Athletes
Authors: Knapik Derrick M. , LaTulip Scott , Salata Michael J. , Voos James E. , Liu Raymond W.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Achilles tightness exacerbates a variety of foot and ankle conditions while increasing the risk of lower extremity injuries. The correlation between Achilles tightness and lower extremity injury rates in a young, athletic population is unknown.

Purpose:

To evaluate the impact of routine gastrocnemius stretching on ankle flexibility and lower extremity injury rates in youth basketball athletes.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A prospective cohort study enrolling 8 high school basketball teams (4 male teams, 4 female teams) was conducted over a 3-month sporting season. Two schools (2 male teams, 2 female teams) were assigned to a daily gastrocnemius stretching protocol. Two control schools (2 male teams, 2 female teams) followed no protocol. Passive ankle dorsiflexion was measured bilaterally in both groups at 4 time points: preseason, 1 month and 2 months after the start of the season, and postseason (3 months from the start of the season). The number of injuries sustained during the season and the number of games missed because of a lower extremity injury were recorded. Differences in dorsiflexion flexibility measurements and injury rates were analyzed between the protocol and control groups.

Results:

A total of 106 athletes (46 male, 60 female) were included in the study. The protocol group included 51 athletes (mean age, 15.7 ± 1.2 years) versus 55 athletes (mean age, 16.2 ± 1.0 years) in the control group. Athletes undergoing routine gastrocnemius stretching had significantly higher ankle dorsiflexion flexibility measurements compared with control athletes at all time points ( P < .05 for each time point) while also demonstrating a significant increase in dorsiflexion between the preseason and postseason time points ( P = .04). No significant difference in injury rates was appreciated between the protocol and control groups, and no difference in dorsiflexion flexibility measurements was appreciated between injured and uninjured athletes.

Conclusion:

The implementation of a gastrocnemius stretching protocol in youth basketball athletes increased ankle dorsiflexion over a single season without decreasing the injury incidence relative to controls in our study. Because the size of our study limited statistical power, a confirmation of the results in a larger study is required.
Callous Cruelty and Counterinsurgency: Civilian Victimization and Compensation in U.S.-Occupied Iraq
Authors: Bonds Eric
Published: April 2019

Randall Collins coined the term callous cruelty to refer to the bureaucratic development and application of violence, which frequently results in widespread civilian impacts even when unintended. The U.S. military itself identified such outcomes as a major obstacle to success in counterinsurgency warfare during its occupation of Iraq, and consequently sought to more carefully target insurgents in ways that avoid or minimize civilian harm by further rationalizing its violence. When violence resulted in harm regardless, U.S. officials in Iraq sought to ameliorate it by providing monetary payments to war victims. This article presents an analysis of U.S. Army documents from this compensation program. The files studied here depict the routine nature of civilian harm in Iraq even under the counterinsurgency approach. The files further reveal the most common ways by which U.S. military action killed civilians. Finally, the documents show that the compensation program was administered in a way that frequently re-inscribed, rather than diminished, the callous cruelty of counterinsurgency war.
Chinese radicals as distinctive marks of language
Authors: Nie Hongyin
Published: April 2019

People of the southern ethnic minorities in China used to create their own scripts by imitating Chinese characters, in which some inherent Chinese radicals are borrowed, which indicate how the characters should be read semantically in their native language rather than in Chinese. This method, unexplainable by traditional Chinese theory, may not be regarded as a valid way of character creation, but proves to be an ignored fact existing in the “Southern Scripts of Chinese Imitation”.
PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint and p53 loss facilitate tumor progression in activated B-cell diffuse large B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Pascual Marién , Mena-Varas María , Robles Eloy Francisco , Garcia-Barchino Maria-Jose , Panizo Carlos , Hervas-Stubbs Sandra , Alignani Diego , Sagardoy Ainara , Martinez-Ferrandis Jose Ignacio , Bunting Karen L. , Meier Stephen , Sagaert Xavier , Bagnara Davide , Guruceaga Elizabeth , Blanco Oscar , Celay Jon , Martínez-Baztan Alvaro , Casares Noelia , Lasarte Juan José , MacCarthy Thomas , Melnick Ari , Martinez-Climent Jose Angel , Roa Sergio
Published: April 2019

Refractory or relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) often associates with the activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtype and genetic alterations that drive constitutive NF-κB activation and impair B-cell terminal differentiation. Here, we show that DNA damage response by p53 is a central mechanism suppressing the pathogenic cooperation of IKK2ca-enforced canonical NF-κB and impaired differentiation resulting from Blimp1 loss in ABC-DLBCL lymphomagenesis. We provide evidences that the interplay between these genetic alterations and the tumor microenvironment select for additional molecular addictions that promote lymphoma progression, including aberrant coexpression of FOXP1 and the B-cell mutagenic enzyme activation-induced deaminase, and immune evasion through major histocompatibility complex class II downregulation, PD-L1 upregulation, and T-cell exhaustion. Consistently, PD-1 blockade cooperated with anti-CD20-mediated B-cell cytotoxicity, promoting extended T-cell reactivation and antitumor specificity that improved long-term overall survival in mice. Our data support a pathogenic cooperation among NF-κB-driven prosurvival, genetic instability, and immune evasion mechanisms in DLBCL and provide preclinical proof of concept for including PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in combinatorial immunotherapy for ABC-DLBCL.
CD103-positive CSC exosome promotes EMT of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: role of remote MiR-19b-3p
Authors: Wang Lu , Yang Guang , Zhao Danfeng , Wang Jiaqi , Bai Yang , Peng Qiang , Wang Hongzhi , Fang Ruizhe , Chen Guang , Wang Zhichao , Wang Keliang , Li Guangbin , Yang Yinhui , Wang Ziqi , Guo Pengyu , Peng Li , Hou Dayong , Xu Wanhai
Published: April 2019

Background

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is characterized by a highly metastatic potential. The stromal communication between stem cells and cancer cells critically influences metastatic dissemination of cancer cells.

Methods

The effect of exosomes isolated from cancer stem cells (CSCs) of CCRCC patients on the progress of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and lung metastasis of CCRCC cells were examined.

Results

CSCs exosomes promoted proliferation of CCRCC cells and accelerated the progress of EMT. Bioactive miR-19b-3p transmitted to cancer cells by CSC exosomes induced EMT via repressing the expression of PTEN. CSCs exosomes derived from CCRCC patients with lung metastasis produced the strongest promoting effect on EMT. Notably, CD103+ CSC exosomes were enriched in tumor cells and in lung as well, highlighting the organotropism conferred by CD103. In addition, CD103+ exosomes were increased in blood samples from CCRCC patients with lung metastasis.

Conclusions

CSC exosomes transported miR-19b-3p into CCRCC cells and initiated EMT promoting metastasis. CD103+ acted to guide CSC exosomes to target cancer cells and organs, conferring the higher metastatic capacity of CCRCC to lungs, suggesting CD103+ exosomes as a potential metastatic diagnostic biomarker.

Graphical abstract

ᅟ
Attack detection in water distribution systems using machine learning
Authors: Ramotsoela Daniel T. , Hancke Gerhard P. , Abu-Mahfouz Adnan M.
Published: April 2019

The threat to critical water system infrastructure has increased in recent years as is evident from the increasing number of reported attacks against these systems. Preventative security mechanisms are often not enough to keep attackers out so a second layer of security in the form of intrusion detection is paramount in order to limit the damage of successful attacks. In this paper several traditional anomaly detection techniques are evaluated in the context of attack detection in water distribution systems. These algorithms were centrally trained on the entire feature space and compared to multi-stage detection
techniques that were designed to isolate both local and global anomalies. A novel ensemble technique that combines density-based and parametric algorithms was also developed and tested in the application environment. The traditional techniques had comparable results to the multi-stage systems and when used in conjunction with a local anomaly detector the performances of these algorithms were greatly improved. The developed ensemble technique also had promising results outperforming the density-based techniques and having comparable results to the parametric algorithms.
Machine learning to reduce cycle time for time-lapse seismic data assimilation into reservoir management
Authors: Xue Yang , Araujo Mariela , Lopez Jorge , Wang Kanglin , Kumar Gautam
Published: April 2019

Time-lapse (4D) seismic is widely deployed in offshore operations to monitor improved oil recovery methods including water flooding, yet its value for enhanced well and reservoir management is not fully realized due to the long cycle times required for quantitative 4D seismic data assimilation into dynamic reservoir models. To shorten the cycle, we have designed a simple inversion workflow to estimate reservoir property changes directly from 4D attribute maps using machine-learning (ML) methods. We generated tens of thousands of training samples by Monte Carlo sampling from the rock-physics model within reasonable ranges of the relevant parameters. Then, we applied ML methods to build the relationship between the reservoir property changes and the 4D attributes, and we used the learnings to estimate the reservoir property changes given the 4D attribute maps. The estimated reservoir property changes (e.g., water saturation changes) can be used to analyze injection efficiency, update dynamic reservoir models, and support reservoir management decisions. We can reduce the turnaround time from months to days, allowing early engagements with reservoir engineers to enhance integration. This accelerated data assimilation removes a deterrent for the acquisition of frequent 4D surveys.
Seismic attribute enhancement of weak and discontinuous gas hydrate bottom-simulating reflectors in the Pegasus Basin, New Zealand
Authors: Bedle Heather
Published: April 2019

Gas hydrates in the oceanic subsurface are often difficult to image with reflection seismic data, particularly when the strata run parallel to the seafloor and in regions that lack the presence of a bottom-simulating reflector (BSR). To address and understand these imaging complications, rock-physics modeling and seismic attribute analysis are performed on modern 2D lines in the Pegasus Basin in New Zealand, where the BSR is not continuously imaged. Based on rock-physics and seismic analyses, several seismic attribute methods identify weak BSR reflections, with the far-angle stack data being particularly effective. Rock modeling results demonstrate that far-offset seismic data are critical in improving the imaging and interpretation of the base of the gas hydrate stability zone. The rock-physics modeling results are applied to the Pegasus 2009 2D data set that reveals a very weak seismic reflection at the base of the hydrates in the far-angle stack. This often-discontinuous reflection is significantly weaker in amplitude than typical BSRs associated with hydrates. These weak far-angle stack BSRs often do not appear clearly in full stack data, the most commonly interpreted seismic data type. Additional amplitude variation with angle (AVA) attribute analyses provide insight into identifying the presence of gas hydrates in regions lacking a strong BSR. Although dozens of seismic attributes were investigated for their ability to reveal weak reflections at the base of the gas hydrate stability zone, those that enhance class 2 AVA anomalies were most effective, particularly the seismic fluid factor attribute.
Deep learning applied to seismic attribute computation
Authors: Griffith Donald P. , Zamanian S. Ahmad , Vila Jeremy , Vial-Aussavy Antoine , Solum John , Potter R. David , Menapace Francesco
Published: April 2019

We have trained deep convolutional neural networks (DCNs) to accelerate the computation of seismic attributes by an order of magnitude. These results are enabled by overcoming the prohibitive memory requirements typical of 3D DCNs for segmentation and regression by implementing a novel, memory-efficient 3D-to-2D convolutional architecture and by including tens of thousands of synthetically generated labeled examples to enhance DCN training. Including diverse synthetic labeled seismic in training helps the network generalize enabling it to accurately predict seismic attribute values on field-acquired seismic surveys. Once trained, our DCN tool generates attributes with no input parameters and no additional user guidance. The DCN attribute computations are virtually indistinguishable from conventionally computed attributes while computing up to 100 times faster.
Cultural adaptation of cognitive–behavioural therapy
Authors: Naeem Farooq , Phiri Peter , Rathod Shanaya , Ayub Muhammad
Published: April 2019

The study of cultural factors in the application of psychotherapy across cultures – ethnopsychotherapy – is an emerging field. It has been argued that Western cultural values underpin cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) as they do other modern psychosocial interventions developed in the West. Therefore, attempts have been made to culturally adapt CBT for ethnic minority patients in the West and local populations outside the West. Some frameworks have been proposed based on therapists’ individual experiences, but this article describes a framework that evolved from a series of qualitative studies to culturally adapt CBT and that was field tested in randomised controlled trials. We describe the process of adaptation, details of methods used and the areas that need to be focused on to adapt CBT to a given culture. Further research is required to move the field forward, but cultural adaptation alone cannot improve outcomes. Access to evidence-based psychosocial interventions, including CBT, needs to be improved for culturally adapted interventions to achieve their full potential.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After reading this article you will be able to:

•

recognise the link between cultural factors and the need to adapt psychosocial interventions

•

identify the necessary steps to culturally adapt CBT

•

understand the modifications required to deliver therapy to individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds.
Mathematical Approach to Differentiate Spontaneous and Induced Evolution to Drug Resistance During Cancer Treatment
Authors: Greene James M. , Gevertz Jana L. , Sontag Eduardo D.
Published: April 2019

Purpose

Drug resistance is a major impediment to the success of cancer treatment. Resistance is typically thought to arise from random genetic mutations, after which mutated cells expand via Darwinian selection. However, recent experimental evidence suggests that progression to drug resistance need not occur randomly, but instead may be induced by the treatment itself via either genetic changes or epigenetic alterations. This relatively novel notion of resistance complicates the already challenging task of designing effective treatment protocols.

Materials and Methods

To better understand resistance, we have developed a mathematical modeling framework that incorporates both spontaneous and drug-induced resistance.

Results

Our model demonstrates that the ability of a drug to induce resistance can result in qualitatively different responses to the same drug dose and delivery schedule. We have also proven that the induction parameter in our model is theoretically identifiable and propose an in vitro protocol that could be used to determine a treatment’s propensity to induce resistance.
Transcytosis maintains CFTR apical polarity in the face of constitutive and mutation-induced basolateral missorting
Authors: Bidaud-Meynard Aurélien , Bossard Florian , Schnúr Andrea , Fukuda Ryosuke , Veit Guido , Xu Haijin , Lukacs Gergely L.
Published: April 2019

Apical polarity of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is essential for solute and water transport in secretory epithelia and can be impaired in human diseases. Maintenance of apical polarity in the face of CFTR non-polarized delivery and inefficient apical retention of mutant CFTRs lacking PDZ-domain protein (NHERF1, also known as SLC9A3R1) interaction, remains enigmatic. Here, we show that basolateral CFTR delivery originates from biosynthetic (∼35%) and endocytic (∼65%) recycling missorting. Basolateral channels are retrieved via basolateral-to-apical transcytosis (hereafter denoted apical transcytosis), enhancing CFTR apical expression by two-fold and suppressing its degradation. In airway epithelia, CFTR transcytosis is microtubule-dependent but independent of Myo5B, Rab11 proteins and NHERF1 binding to its C-terminal DTRL motif. Increased basolateral delivery due to compromised apical recycling and accelerated internalization upon impaired NHERF1–CFTR association is largely counterbalanced by efficient CFTR basolateral internalization and apical transcytosis. Thus, transcytosis represents a previously unrecognized, but indispensable, mechanism for maintaining CFTR apical polarity that acts by attenuating its constitutive and mutation-induced basolateral missorting.
Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven H2 Production via UiO-66 Nanospheres Attached to Flower-Shaped ZnIn2S4 Microspheres
Authors: Jiang Jifei , Zhu Qiong , Guo Yu , Cheng Lin , Lou Yongbing , Chen Jinxi
Published: April 2019

Photocatalytic hydrogen production is an effective strategy for meeting energy challenges. Here, a composite for photocatalytic hydrogen production via introduction of UiO-66 nanospheres into flower-shaped ZnIn2S4 microspheres (ZIS/U6) is described. The optimum composite with 20 mg UiO-66 loading displayed the high photocatalytic rate of 1860.9 µmol g−1 h−1 with an apparent quantum efficiency of 1.4% at 420 nm under visible-light irradiation, which is nearly 3 times higher than that of ZnIn2S4. The improved photocatalytic H2 rate mainly benefited from effective electron transfer between ZnIn2S4 and UiO-66. Additionally, we tried to introduce UiO-66-NH2 and UiO-66-(SH)2 with excellent visible light absorption into ZnIn2S4 to obtain composites. Surprisingly, they did not exhibit better photocatalytic hydrogen production rates. Combined with the electrochemical test results, it was found that they had completely different electron transfer paths from ZIS/U6. Therefore, a different photocatalytic mechanism was proposed and further verified by transient photocurrent.
Extraction and purification of RNA from human carious dentine: an approach to enable bacterial gene expression studies
Authors: Bezerra Daniela da Silva , Neves Beatriz Gonçalves , Guedes Sarah Florindo de Figueiredo , Regis Wanessa Fernandes Matias , Stipp Rafael Nobrega , Rodrigues Lidiany Karla Azevedo
Published: April 2019

Background: RNA isolation from bacteria within dentine caries lesions could be difficult due to reduced amount of collectable biomass and high mRNA instability. Attempting to overcome this challenge we describe one protocol developed to extract and purify total RNA from dentine lesions. Objective: customize a bacterial RNA extraction and purification method from human carious dentine. Methods: quantity and purity of extracted RNA were measured with a microvolume UV-VIS spectrophotometer, RNA integrity was assessed by standard denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis and images were captured under ultraviolet light with camera and analyzed. DNase treatment removed genomic DNA and an additional step of purification was carried out in silica spin column.  Results: final yield (ng/μl) was 67.01 ± 22.33, absorbance ratio A260/A280 = 2.0 ± 0.07 and RNA integrity were obtained. The purified samples were reversely transcribed and the expression of atpD and fabM gene from Streptococcus mutans analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Conclusion: the extraction methodology developed produced high-quality RNA from dentine microbiota for transcriptional analysis.
The study of protein recruitment to laser-induced DNA lesions can be distorted by photoconversion of the DNA binding dye Hoechst
Authors: Hurst Verena , Gasser Susan M.
Published: April 2019

A commonly used approach for assessing DNA repair factor recruitment in mammalian cells is to induce DNA damage with a laser in the UV or near UV range and follow the local increase of GFP-tagged proteins at the site of damage. Often these measurements are performed in the presence of the blue DNA dye Hoechst, which is used as a photosensitizer. However, a light-induced switch of Hoechst from a blue-light to a green-light emitter will give a false positive signal at the site of damage.  Thus, photoconversion signals must be subtracted from the overall green-light emission to determine true recruitment. Here we demonstrate the photoconversion effect and suggest control experiments to exclude false-positive results.
Pedagogical Conditions for the Development of Engineering Knowledge in Modern General Education
Authors: Петросян А. , Petrosyan A.
Published: April 2019

This article addresses the issue of introducing engineering knowledge bases into general educational practice for the successful self-determination of schoolchildren and the formation of their respective competencies. Today, an engineer is a person who designs our modern life in many of its forms. Since progress does not stand still, it is in its professional activities that it is often faced with the need to constantly evolve and master ever newer software and hardware. To solve such non-standard tasks, it needs not only to possess technical knowledge and ability to self-improvement, but also to have engineering thinking. As a result of advances in computer technology and the digitalization of our society, computers have become better people to cope with linear and patterned tasks. It created great competition in the labor market among professions, whose work is based on a clear algorithm of actions, and also caused the need to improve the level of training of an engineer.
The Problem of Sleep in the Scientific and Pedagogical Discourse: a Review of Foreign Studies
Authors: Сморчкова В. , Smorchkova V. , Курганов С. , Kurganov S.
Published: April 2019

The article considers healthy sleep as an element of pedagogical work and as one of the factors of high-quality and successful training at all stages of a person’s life. A review of foreign studies is presented, during the analysis of which a conclusion is made about the importance and signifi cance of healthy sleep during the training period. The question is raised about the need to introduce somnological knowledge and foreign experience into domestic pedagogy in order to improve the quality of education and improve the physical and mental health of students.
Una base de datos de precios y características de vivienda en Colombia con información de Internet
Authors: Cárdenas Rubio Jeisson Arley , Chaux Guzmán Francisco José , Otero Jesús
Published: April 2019

Este documento ilustra la utilización de técnicas de la ciencia de datos para la creación y análisis de una base con información de precios y características de venta o arriendo de casas o apartamentos en las principales ciudades de Colombia. Se espera que esta nueva base de datos, que sigue siendo actualizada, se pueda convertir en el futuro en una herramienta útil para el diagnóstico temprano del comportamiento y evolución del sector inmobiliario en el país.
Search Among Queues Under Quality Differentiation
Authors: Yang Luyi , Debo Laurens G. , Gupta Varun
Published: April 2019

Customers looking for service providers often face search frictions and have to trade off quality and availability. To understand customers’ search behavior when they are confronted with a large collection of vertically differentiated, congested service providers, we build a model in which arriving customers conduct a costly sequential search to resolve uncertainty about service providers’ quality and queue length and select one to join by optimal stopping rules. Customers search, in part, because of variations in waiting time across service providers, which, in turn, is determined by the search behavior of customers. Thus, an equilibrium emerges. We characterize customers’ equilibrium search/join behavior in a mean field model as the number of service providers grows large. We find that reducing either the search cost or customer arrival rate may increase the average waiting time in the system as customers substitute toward high-quality service providers. Moreover, with lower search costs, the improved quality obtained by customers may not make up for the prolonged wait, therefore degrading the average search reward and, more importantly, decreasing customer welfare; when customers search, their welfare can even be lower than if they are not allowed to search at all.

This paper was accepted by Gad Allon, operations management.
How Close Are Western Cham Language and Bahasa Indonesia in their Structure? A Contrastive Study
Authors: Safeat Math , Kurniawan Muhammad Hafiz
Published: April 2019

Western Cham spoken in Cambodia is categorized as Malay-Polynesian under the West Malay Polynesian with the largest speakers compared to its sister, Eastern Cham spoken in Vietnam. The fallen kingdom of Champa in 1442 brought pervasive and massive change to this language both spoken and writing system. The language contact between these languages to the neighboring language makes these languages survive by adopting the phonotactics of neighboring languages. However, this change can be traced back to its family and this research aims to find and to describe the difference and similarity between Bahasa Indonesia and Cham language using contrastive analysis. This analysis is used to elaborate the phrase structure, and simple clause structure with different voices, negation, and the use of adverb already which has its unique application. This research, which was fully funded by PPSDK (Pusat Pengembangan Stategi Diplomasi dan Kebahasaan) under the Ministry of Education of Republic Indonesia and also supported by Universitas Ahmad Dahlan and Musa Asiah Foundation (YASMA), was conducted in four months in a Muslim private School in Krouch Chmar, Cambodia and has secondary aim to support the development of this language and to preserve it from language endangerment status, because of its limited use in social settings.
THE EMERGENCE OF NEW MEDIUM
Authors: Djaha Siti Susanti Mallida
Published: April 2019

This study aims at finding the development of new medium of drama in English literary history. From the very first emergence of drama, the plays that have been written were performed in the theater and in many kinds of theater were appears to represent some ideas from the society. As time passing by, these kind of theater had a kind of transformation to be the new medium that we called motion picture. This motion picture began with the silent movie, then it became the talking picture, and it was improved to be the cinema. In its development until today, which we had been known as the movie. This new medium emerged to replace the live theater performance especially in Edwardian era.
Students’ Perception at the Use of Padlet in Linguistics Class
Authors: Anwar Choiril , Nugroho Kurniawan Yudhi , Nurhamidah Idha
Published: April 2019

This study aims at investigating students’ perceptions of the use of Padlet in the class of Introduction to Functional Linguistics. The population of this study was a class of 2014 batch student of English Language Education program at Sultan Agung Islamic University (UNISSULA) Semarang with a sample of 28 people. This research is in the form of qualitative descriptive design. The data collection method uses observations and questionnaire. The data is then analyzed using interpretive descriptive analysis. The specific target to be achieved in this study is that by knowing students' perceptions of the use of Padlet, then this result can be used as a reference for the Faculty of Language and Communication Science and other faculties in the UNISSULA environment to improve the performance and quality of service to students especially in the learning and teaching process. In addition, the results of this study can also be a reference for both the Study Program and the Faculty to review the curriculum that has been implemented so far. From the data obtained through questionnaires distributed to 28 students of the English Language Education Study Program at the Faculty of Languages and Communication Science of Sultan Agung Islamic University Semarang in the class of 2014/2015, researchers can conclude that these students have very diverse perceptions in the use of Padlet media in learning Introduction to Functional Linguistics. To be sure, most students really positively appreciate the use of this media in linguistic learning in general.
Zambian media in transition: Media reforms in an economic and political context
Authors: Hamusokwe Basil
Published: April 2019

The history and development of the Zambian media has been intertwined with the process of democratization in the country. This article uses the theories of transitology and political economy of communication to analyse the relationship between media reforms and the democratic process. Since 1991, the trajectory of the Zambian media has been presented in the shadow of the political and economic factors at play during the transition to democracy. As part of the democratic transition, political elites promised media reforms, but subsequent developments have made the media increasingly more a prisoner of the political and economic realities, where the state retains control over the media. The government employs rhetoric to create an illusion of media reforms by repeatedly promising to privatize state-owned media. This article therefore argues that even if economic factors exert great influence on the democratic transition in Zambia, the state continues to be a key player in shaping the media industry in the country. It further argues that some of the causes of this stalled transition are historical factors imbedded in the problem of recycled leadership.
The algorithm and painting semi-skilled: Notes for an exhibition
Authors: Reitz Chris
Published: April 2019

When Gabriel Orozco began painting in the mid-2000s he did so via a turn to non-compositional strategies of making – to painting by algorithm, on the one hand, and painting by appropriation on the other. Work in this vein included his rule-based ‘Samurai Tree’ series and a series of pixelated images he calls the ‘Particle Paintings’. This turn in Orozco’s practice served as the point of departure for an exhibition investigating the legacy of modernist painting techniques in artwork articulated in and through digital and computer technology. In addition to two works by Orozco (Pollock’s Drip Grid, 2011, a pixelated detail of Jackson Pollock’s Number 8, 1949, and an animation from his ‘Samurai Tree’ series), the exhibition featured work by six contemporary artists, all of which were produced in the last year. Orozco’s work, the oldest in the show, set the terms of the investigation and provided a critically established frame for the otherwise brand new work on display. This article describes the dual art historical stakes – deskilled non-compositional modernist strategies and reskilled computer art – of the exhibition that resulted.
Dancing muses, roller disco and the phantasmagoric feminine: Reanimating Terpsichore in the movie musical Xanadu (1980)
Authors: Thomas Priya A.
Published: April 2019

This article takes as its main focus Robert Greenwald’s cult classic movie musical, Xanadu (1980). Reconsidering Xanadu’s distinction as one of the most critically and commercially panned films produced in Hollywood history, my reading uncovers the ways in which the musical’s campy, neo-mythological iteration of Terpsichore resuscitates key Romantic leitmotifs of the muse as technosensual, airborne woman. Focusing on the roller skate as wearable technology, I trace Xanadu’s muse to its historical predecessors. By extension, I reveal how the moving body’s prosthetic territories (i.e. the roller skate and the pointe shoe) and motion media technologies play a central role in reviving Xanadu’s muse as the ‘phantasmagoric feminine’, forming an enduring point of intersection between dance and musical theatre. I develop and theorize this term ‘phantasmagoric feminine’ within the article in reference to a constellation of representational strategies used in the history of Romantic ballet.
Zonificación forestal bajo el concepto de Áreas de Respuesta Homogénea en el centro de México
Authors: Reyes Cárdenas Oscar , Flores Garnica José Germán , Treviño Garza Eduardo Javier , Aguirre Calderón Oscar Alberto , Cárdenas Tristán Abraham
Published: April 2019

El aprovechamiento racional de los recursos naturales hace necesario identificar y analizar su condición espaciotemporal; existen diversas técnicas para generar información al respecto basadas en el manejo de información dentro del Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG). Por ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar Áreas de Respuesta Homogénea (ARH) que identifiquen superficies forestales, con condiciones ambientales similares, mediante el empleo de la técnica del álgebra de mapas. Para lograr lo anterior, se utilizó como variable principal el tipo de vegetación (6 clases) y fue complementada con variables físicas del territorio, tales como exposición (5 clases), altitud (7 intervalos) y tipo de suelo (8 clases). Para determinar las ARH se generaron expresiones a partir de la combinación de las clases mencionadas. En total se desarrollaron 2 016 combinaciones. Con el propósito de realizar la validación de los resultados se utilizaron los datos registrados en los conglomerados del Inventario Nacional Forestal y Suelos 2004-2007. Como resultado de este estudio se obtuvieron mapas por cada tipo de vegetación, en los cuales se presentan las cinco combinaciones a partir de las que se obtuvieron las mayores superficies. Con la finalidad de determinar la confiabilidad de los resultados se generó una matriz de confusión y se calculó el índice Kappa. A partir de los resultados conseguidos, se considera que, con la combinación de las cuatro variables empleadas en el estudio, es posible determinar superficies forestales, por lo que pueden ser empleadas en la definición de éstas.
Mapa de unidades geomorfológicas del Parque Nacional Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo (Santa Cruz, Argentina) para su aplicación geoarqueológica
Authors: Gómez Juan Carlos , Magnin Lucía Angélica
Published: April 2019

Las investigaciones arqueológicas en el Macizo del Deseado (provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina) han permitido registrar un gran volumen de evidencias de las sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras móviles que ocuparon el área desde tiempos prehispánicos. Para avanzar en estos estudios es necesario analizar la superficie del terreno y discriminar las diversas unidades geomorfológicas en donde se emplazan los restos arqueológicos. En este trabajo se utilizan técnicas geomáticas para generar una cartografía de detalle a partir de la hoja geológica existente para la región (escalas 1:250 000 y 1:100 000), imágenes satelitales de alta resolución e información planialtimétrica relevante. Como resultado se definieron nueve unidades geomorfológicas en las cuales se analizó la distribución de recursos que pudieron estar disponibles para las poblaciones en el pasado y se identificaron procesos naturales que afectan el registro arqueológico.
Análisis de la vulnerabilidad a inundaciones de la parroquia Santa Ana de Vuelta Larga, provincia de Manabí, Ecuador
Authors: Burgos Choez Bryan Danilo , Cartaya Ríos Scarlet Josefina , Mero del Valle David Jesod
Published: April 2019

La parroquia Santa Ana de Vuelta Larga, localizada en la cuenca del río Portoviejo de la provincia de Manabí, Ecuador, es una de las más afectadas por inundaciones. Por ello, en el presente estudio se analizó su vulnerabilidad global, a través de componentes físicos, sociales, económicos y ecológicos. Para lo cual se empleó: observación directa de aspectos como la ubicación, conservación y el material de construcción de las viviendas; encuestas personales y descriptivas, para recabar información sobre la gestión de riesgos y pérdidas económicas; y, el uso de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica, para el análisis cartográfico de aspectos ecológicos de la parroquia. Las encuestas se realizaron aleatoriamente por estratos a 378 personas, resultado de la fórmula de poblaciones finitas, con un margen de error del 5% y un nivel de confianza del 95%. Los resultados arrojaron que la vulnerabilidad global es media (55%), donde influye más el aspecto social, por la falta de preparación ante el riesgo por parte de las instituciones gubernamentales locales y habitantes; seguido del aspecto físico, por la cercanía de gran parte de viviendas al río; el ecológico, por la disminución de la cobertura vegetal y sellado de suelo; y, en menor proporción, el económico, por la ubicación de la zona comercial sobre el área con pendientes inferiores a 2,5º. Se concluye que la vulnerabilidad de la parroquia está ligada a su ubicación geográfica, falta de un ordenamiento territorial, de preparación ante el riesgo y del cambio del uso de suelos y cobertura vegetal.
Halaman Sampul
Authors: Editor Editor
Published: April 2019

Cover, Dewan Redaksi, Daftar Isi
Kombination unterschiedlicher Modellierungsansätze für die betriebsbegleitende Simulation industrieller Prozesse
Authors: Bergs Christoph , Heizmann Michael
Published: April 2019

Die Kombination von unterschiedlichen Modellierungsansätzen wird schon seit längerer Zeit betrachtet – vor allem um sogenannte Grey-Box-Modelle zu erstellen. Im Rahmen der Digitalisierung von Produktionen entstehen jedoch bedingt durch eine größere Datenbasis neue Möglichkeiten im Bereich der Modellbildung. Dieser Beitrag befasst sich daher mit einem Konzept, Modelle unterschiedlicher Produktlebenszyklusphasen sowie unterschiedlichen Typs miteinander zu kombinieren. Diese Modellkombination soll einen Mehrwert für den Betreiber darstellen, indem dieser detaillierte Simulationsmodelle während des Betriebs als Entscheidungsunterstützung verwenden kann. Zunächst werden die unterschiedlichen Modellierungsansätze sowie deren Kombination eingeführt. Daraufhin wird ein Konzept für das Training und die Betriebsphase der Modelle beschrieben. Abschließend wird das Potential des Ansatzes am Beispiel der thermischen Zustandsüberwachung einer Asynchronmaschine dargestellt.
Comparative study of back propagation artificial neural networks and logistic regression model in predicting poor prognosis after acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Liang Yaru , Li Qiguang , Chen Peisong , Xu Lingqing , Li Jiehua
Published: April 2019

Objective

To investigate the predictive value of clinical variables on the poor prognosis at 90-day follow-up from acute stroke onset, and compare the diagnostic performance between back propagation artificial neural networks (BP ANNs) and Logistic regression (LR) models in predicting the prognosis.

Methods

We studied the association between clinical variables and the functional recovery of 435 acute ischemic stroke patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to modified Rankin Scale scores evaluated on the 90th day after stroke onset. Both BP ANNs and LR models were established for predicting the poor outcome and their diagnostic performance were compared by receiver operating curve.

Results

Age, free fatty acid, homocysteine and alkaline phosphatase were closely related with the poor outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients and finally enrolled in models. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of BP ANNs were 80.15%, 75.64% and 82.07% respectively. For the LR model, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity was 70.61%, 88.46% and 63.04% respectively. The area under the ROC curve of the BP ANNs and LR model was 0.881and 0.809.

Conclusions

Both BP ANNs and LR model were promising for the prediction of poor outcome by combining age, free fatty acid, homocysteine and alkaline phosphatase. However, BP ANNs model showed better performance than LR model in predicting the prognosis.
Gang Rivalry and Crime: A Differential Game Approach
Authors: Faria João Ricardo , Mixon Franklin G. , Upadhyaya Ashish , Upadhyaya Kamal P.
Published: April 2019

This study contributes to the modern literature on the economics of crime by proposing and solving two models of a differential game that considers the dynamic strategic behavior of two gangs engaged in a territorial conflict. The police force acts as the leader in the game. In the first model, each gang is concerned solely by the actions of the other, thus leading to an equilibrium wherein the greater one gang’s criminal activity, the greater the rival gang’s criminal activity. In the second model both gangs account primarily for police activities aimed at maintaining law and order, thus leading to an equilibrium wherein the gangs respond directly to the law enforcement activities of the police force. Exploratory analyses employing gang-related crime and police activities in Los Angeles provide empirical support for the main features of both models of the differential game, such as how gang rivalry fuels criminal activity and how the role of police is crucial in reducing gang-related crime.