bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Sublunary Phaenomena as a Subject of Medieval Academic Discussion: Meteorology and the Prague University Disputationes de Quolibet
Authors: Kocánová Barbora
Published: March 2017

Prague university scholars found ten questions (six quaestiones and four probleumata) of medieval meteorology remarkable enough to include them in the agenda of annual ceremonial disputations de quolibet between 1399 and 1417. The disputations resembled rhetoric tournaments where masters of the Faculty of Arts fought with each other using their polemics about scientific and political issues of the time. The six enticing quaestiones mostly concerned topics which were not sufficiently addressed by Aristotle, although they had been discussed extensively since antiquity. Above all, they concerned aspects of optical phaenomena (meteors, comets, halo effect, rainbow). The so-called probleumata, simple topics added to the quaestiones to entertain and refresh the audience, will also be discussed; unlike quaestiones, probleumata rarely referred directly to Aristotle’s work. The present study examines to what extent the sources for quodlibet disputations represent relevant material for the study of the reception of meteorology in medieval education.
Beyond the “Win-Win”
Authors: de los Reyes Gastón , Scholz Markus , Smith N. Craig
Published: March 2017

While Porter and Kramer’s Creating Shared Value (CSV) works well as a management framework to address “win-win” business and society issues, it leaves managers ill-equipped to legitimately manage issues where they face the prospect of “win-lose” or “lose-win” social engagements. For legitimacy, managers need to bolster CSV with ethical frameworks—specifically, norm-taking and norm-making frameworks. Managers can be better positioned to create shared value through CSV+, a multi-part framework built around CSV and augmented by ethical frameworks.
Religiosity, the Practices of Religions, and the Perception of Older People Among Muslims and Buddhists in Thailand
Authors: Leelavanichkul Sumana , Chamratrithirong Aphichat , Jampaklay Aree , Gray Rossarin
Published: March 2017

We examined the effects of religiosity and the practices of religions among the Buddhists and Muslims aged 20 to 79 in Thailand on maintaining positive attitudes toward older people. Factor and multiple regression analyses are applied, using data from the 2011 National Survey on Conditions of Society and Culture. The measures of perception of older people are Social Value and Personal Value. Religiosity is measured by the self-assessment of religious strictness and one’s own practices according to the religious principles. Among Buddhists, the practices are measured by the frequency of praying, Takbat, Pancha Sila, and meditation. For Muslims, the practices are measured by the frequency of doing Salat, observing Saum, and giving Zakat. We found that religiosity and some practices of religions have positive effects on the perception of the value of older people. In addition, social policy for a smooth transition to an aging society should be considered alongside this religious mechanism.
Correcting Misperceptions
Authors: Herda Daniel
Published: March 2017

The current analysis examines the degree to which a classroom activity using student response systems (SRS) can improve the accuracy of commonly held demographic misperceptions. Overestimation of religious, racial, and immigrant minority population sizes is pervasive in the United States and Western Europe, and such inaccuracies predict more negative intergroup attitudes. This study introduces an interactive SRS-based activity designed to teach students about demographic realities and then tests its effectiveness for correcting misperceptions. Experimental results indicate greater accuracy in students’ estimates of the Jewish and Muslim population sizes five weeks after taking part in the activity. Their perceptions were improved significantly relative to peers who participated in a non-SRS version of the exercise and to those who were absent on the day of the exercise. Overall, the results indicate that the sociology classroom, aided with SRS, can be an effective arena through which to combat demographic misperceptions and improve intergroup understanding.
P-16 Partnership to Improve Students’ Postsecondary Mathematics Achievement
Authors: Hartman Jenifer J.
Published: March 2017

Increasing students’ academic success in postsecondary endeavors is an important goal for both high school and college institutions today. However, the standards for high school graduation and college readiness are not well aligned, and successful transition from high school to college is problematic for many students, particularly in math. This article describes a P-16 collaborative effort to examine high school math achievement in relation to college math placement and how the results informed policies and practices in both organizations.
Principal-Counselor Collaboration and School Climate
Authors: Rock Wendy D. , Remley Theodore P. , Range Lillian M.
Published: March 2017

Examining whether principal-counselor collaboration and school climate were related, researchers sent 4,193 surveys to high school counselors in the United States and received 419 responses. As principal-counselor collaboration increased, there were increases in counselors viewing the principal as supportive, the teachers as regarding one another with respect, the school community as having high yet achievable standards, and decreases in schools being vulnerable to outside influences such as vocal parents and community groups. Principal-counselor collaboration was significantly correlated to four dimensions of school climate.
A New Framework for Leadership Preparation
Authors: Black William R. , Burrello Leonard C. , Mann John L.
Published: March 2017

The authors describe how teams of faculty and district leadership development directors used an appreciative organizing in education (AOE) framework using appreciative inquiry (AI) scholarship to promote a more sustainable architecture for the preparation and development of leaders. The AOE framework is introduced and a description is provided of the ways in which one university program utilizes an AOE framework and AI strategies in three programs that serve individuals in different career stages—aspiring Assistant Principals, Aspiring Principals, and experienced Principals. The article concludes with examples of AOE projects and discussion of AOE’s promise as a leadership preparation approach.
Peer Group and Text Message–Based Weight-Loss and Management Intervention for African American Women
Authors: Lee Sohye , Schorr Erica , Chi Chih-Lin , Treat-Jacobson Diane , Mathiason Michelle A. , Lindquist Ruth
Published: March 2017

About 80% of African American (AA) women are overweight or obese. Accessible and effective weight management programs targeting weight loss, weight maintenance and the prevention of weight regain are needed to improve health of AA women. A feasibility study was conducted to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of a 16-week intervention protocol for weight loss and management that combined daily text messages and biweekly peer group sessions. Modest but statistically significant reductions were detected in weight and body mass index from baseline to 16 weeks. At baseline, 36% of participants were in action and maintenance stages in measures of the stages of change for weight loss and management; this percent increased to 82% at 16 weeks. Findings of this feasibility study provide preliminary evidence of an educational intervention that could motivate women and lead to successful behavior change, and successful weight loss and management for AA women.
Factor VII deficiency: do all need replacement for cardiac surgery?
Authors: Khazi Fayaz Mohammed , Siddiqi Nayyer R , Karaly Yehia M , Al-Zamkan Bassil , Safadi Faouzi DIT , Al-Jassim Obaid
Published: March 2017

In cardiac surgery, supplementation with recombinant factor VIIa is the treatment of choice for patients with factor VII deficiency, but overzealous administration can be associated with thromboembolic side-effects. A 53-year-old man with factor VII activity 15.2%, international normalized ratio 2.9, and acute thrombotic critical coronary anatomy, underwent coronary artery bypass surgery and a thoracotomy with decortication 5 months later. He was managed successfully without recombinant factor VIIa supplementation. This case demonstrates that current bedside and laboratory tests such as thromboelastography, prothrombin time or international normalized ratio, and factor VII activity may not predict replacement therapy in these patients.
The careers of three experienced string teachers: Some observations
Authors: Ha Joy
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study was to explore the career development process of three experienced string instrument teachers and how they understood their career development. The following questions guided this interpretative phenomenological case study: (a) How do the string teachers in this study learn to teach? (b) What sort of phases are involved in their career development process? and (c) What are the main features of each phase? The findings of this research indicated that the string teacher career development process involves the following phases: tertiary student, beginning teacher, independent learner-teacher and experienced teacher. Furthermore, the findings revealed that string teachers learn to teach through performance training, string pedagogy courses, teaching courses, teaching experience, Suzuki courses, professional development programmes, help from experienced teachers, discussion with colleagues, observation and resources such as DVDs and websites.
Emotional maltreatment in family of origin and young adult romantic relationship satisfaction
Authors: Peterson Claire M. , Peugh James , Loucks Laura , Shaffer Anne
Published: March 2017

The aims of the current study were to use dyadic data analysis to examine the associations of history of childhood emotional maltreatment to current relationship satisfaction among young adult romantic partners as moderated by the effects of hostile behavioral observations within these romantic couples. Our sample included 52 young adult romantic dyads recruited from a large southeastern university. Current relationship satisfaction and history of childhood emotional maltreatment were obtained via self-report; behavioral interactions were rated on a behavioral coding system to determine level of dyadic hostility. Results revealed a significant interaction effect: Females’ history of childhood emotional maltreatment significantly predicted relationship satisfaction for women at low or average (but not high) levels of dyadic hostility. Our findings suggest that for young women, romantic relationship satisfaction is compromised by their own history of emotional maltreatment, particularly when the couple’s conflict resolution style is characterized by low to average levels of hostility.
Bidirectional apical–basal traffic of the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor in brain endothelial cells
Authors: Siupka Piotr , Hersom Maria NS , Lykke-Hartmann Karin , Johnsen Kasper B , Thomsen Louiza B , Andresen Thomas L , Moos Torben , Abbott N Joan , Brodin Birger , Nielsen Morten S
Published: March 2017

Brain capillary endothelium mediates the exchange of nutrients between blood and brain parenchyma. This barrier function of the brain capillaries also limits passage of pharmaceuticals from blood to brain, which hinders treatment of several neurological disorders. Receptor-mediated transport has been suggested as a potential pharmaceutical delivery route across the brain endothelium, e.g. reports have shown that the transferrin receptor (TfR) facilitates transcytosis of TfR antibodies, but it is not known whether this recycling receptor itself traffics from apical to basal membrane in the process. Here, we elucidate the endosomal trafficking of the retrograde transported cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) in primary cultures of brain endothelial cells (BECs) of porcine and bovine origin. Receptor expression and localisation of MPR300 in the endo-lysosomal system and trafficking of internalised receptor are analysed. We also demonstrate that MPR300 can undergo bidirectional apical–basal trafficking in primary BECs in co-culture with astrocytes. This is, to our knowledge, the first detailed study of retrograde transported receptor trafficking in BECs, and the study demonstrates that MPR300 can be transported from the luminal to abluminal membrane and reverse. Such trafficking of MPR300 suggests that retrograde transported receptors in general may provide a mechanism for transport of pharmaceuticals into the brain.
Urban and rural stroke mortality rates in China between 1988 and 2013: An age-period-cohort analysis
Authors: Li Jingjing , Li Boyang , Zhang Fengfan , Sun Yang
Published: March 2017

Objective

To evaluate effects attributable to age, time period and birth cohort, on stroke mortality data from urban and rural regions in China between 1988 and 2013.

Methods

Mortality data were obtained from the Chinese Health Statistics Annual Report (1987–2001) and Chinese Health Statistics Yearbooks (2003–2014). Population data were obtained from population censuses (i.e. 1982, 1990, 2000 and 2010). Data were analysed using an age-period-cohort (APC) model and intrinsic estimation (IE) method.

Results

The age effect suggested that all older residents had higher stroke mortality risk than younger residents. Period effect showed that compared with figures for 1988, stroke mortality in 2013 was 1.8 times higher for urban regions and 2.4 times higher for rural regions. After controlling for age and period effects, cohorts born before the Chinese economic reform had a steady decline in stroke mortality. However, mortality rates increased and fluctuated in post-reform cohorts.

Conclusions

This APC-IE analysis identified a modest period effect with large age and cohort contributions to both the overall mortality and the disparity between urban and rural stroke mortality. Identifying early life and cumulative risk factors for stroke, improving equality in stroke prevention and care are needed to reduce the stroke mortality in China.
Race and Revolution at Bwa Kayiman
Authors: Shilliam Robbie
Published: March 2017

It is no longer remarkable to claim that, out of all the revolutions in the making of the modern world order, the Haitian Revolution was the most radical and remains the most challenging to Euro-Western narratives. The Haitian Revolution did what no other did – end slavery – in an age when white Europeans and North Americans spoke of natural rights and freedoms while they remained traffickers and brutal exploiters of African flesh. The stakes at play are significant: To theorise and narrate the Haitian Revolution is to necessarily take part in a struggle over the authorship of the meaning of global justice and modern freedoms. But as we deepen our understandings of the Revolution we must grapple more audaciously with the intellectual strictures that have in various ways ‘silenced’ these struggles of enslaved Africans. Race informs these silencings. Fundamentally, race silences the response to slavery. In this article, I return to Bwa Kayiman – the meeting that inaugurated a world-shaking response.
The Proximal Tibiofibular Joint: A Biomechanical Analysis of the Anterior and Posterior Ligamentous Complexes
Authors: Marchetti Daniel Cole , Moatshe Gilbert , Phelps Brian M. , Dahl Kimi D. , Ferrari Marcio Balbinotti , Chahla Jorge , Turnbull Travis Lee , LaPrade Robert F.
Published: March 2017

Background:

Dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint is a complex injury that is often overlooked or misdiagnosed. Surgical management is recommended for severe acute or for chronic symptomatic instability of the proximal tibiofibular joint. Although the anterior ligamentous complex has been reported to be stronger than the posterior complex, biomechanical data are lacking.

Purpose:

To determine the ultimate load of the anterior and posterior ligamentous complexes of the proximal tibiofibular joint to determine optimal graft selection.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Ten nonpaired, fresh-frozen knee specimens were dissected to expose the anterior and posterior proximal tibiofibular ligamentous complexes. The tibia was split in the coronal plane to separate the anterior and posterior ligamentous complexes, and the fibula was left intact. Specimens were secured in a dynamic testing machine and preconditioned for 10 cycles between 2 and 10 N at 0.1 Hz followed by loading to failure at a rate of 25 mm/min.

Results:

The mean (±SD) ultimate load of the anterior complex (517 ± 144 N) was significantly greater than the mean ultimate load of the posterior complex (322 ± 160 N) ( P = .012). The mean surface areas of the anterior and posterior complexes were 761 ± 174 mm2 and 565 ± 103 mm2, respectively ( P = .008). The mean values for stiffness of the anterior (133 N/mm) and posterior (109 N/mm) complexes were similar ( P = .250).

Conclusion:

The ligaments of the human proximal tibiofibular joint were able to withstand a mean ultimate failure load of 517 ± 144 N for the anterior complex and 322 ± 160 N for the posterior complex. In this regard, it is recommended that the strengths of grafts chosen for proximal tibiofibular reconstructions meet or exceed these values.

Clinical Relevance:

The optimal surgical treatment for addressing residual proximal tibiofibular instability is not well defined. Before an anatomic reconstruction of the proximal tibiofibular ligament is developed, the individual biomechanical properties of the anterior and posterior ligamentous structures of the proximal tibiofibular joint need to be considered to facilitate an optimal reconstruction design.
Empires and nation-states
Authors: Malešević Siniša
Published: March 2017

This introduction to a special issue focuses on the complex and contradictory relationships of empires and nation-states. It contests the traditional views that posit nation-states and empires as the mutually exclusive forms of state organization. The paper identifies the key features of these two ideal types and then briefly reviews the current developments in this field. This introduction also provides a summary overview of the nine contributions that compose the special issue.
Improving shear strength of bolted joints in pultruded glass fiber reinforced polymer composites using carbon nanotubes
Authors: Genedy Moneeb , Chennareddy Rahulreddy , Soliman Eslam M , Kandil Usama F , Taha Mahmoud M Reda
Published: March 2017

The structural design of the bolted fiber reinforced polymer elements is typically governed by the capacity of the joint rather than the fiber reinforced polymer member, while the joint capacity is typically governed by the shear strength of the fiber reinforced polymer. Here, the possibility of improving the shear strength of bolted joints is investigated in the unidirectional glass fiber reinforced polymer plates by incorporating the multiwalled carbon nanotubes during glass fiber reinforced polymer fabrication. Glass fiber reinforced polymer double-shear bolted lap joints were fabricated using up to 1.0 wt% multiwalled carbon nanotubes–-epoxy nanocomposites. Finite element modeling using multicontinuum theory and element deletion techniques was performed to explain the joint behavior. The experimental investigations show that incorporating multiwalled carbon nanotubes improved the shear strength, ductility, and energy absorption significantly. Microstructural analysis proves that a chemical reaction between multiwalled carbon nanotubes and epoxy improves the shear strength of the matrix.
Toward an Understanding of Preservice English as a Foreign Language Teachers’ Acceptance of Computer-Assisted Language Learning 2.0 in the People’s Republic of China
Authors: Mei Bing , Brown Gavin T. L. , Teo Timothy
Published: March 2017

Despite the rapid proliferation of information and communication technologies, there exists a paucity of empirical research on the causes of the current low acceptance of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) by English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). This study aims to remedy this situation through the identification of factors influencing preservice EFL teachers’ intention to adopt Web 2.0 technologies for language learning purposes in the PRC. Based on the technology acceptance model and the technological pedagogical content knowledge model, a hypothesized seven-factor model was tested via structural equation modeling with data obtained from 295 preservice EFL teachers in the PRC. The results revealed that intention to use CALL 2.0 was predicted most strongly by facilitating conditions. This finding can help stakeholders to make informed decisions about various aspects of facilitating conditions to effectively enhance preservice EFL teachers’ acceptance of CALL 2.0 in the PRC.
Effect of Severe Vitamin D Deficiency at Admission on Shock Reversal in Children With Septic Shock: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Sankar Jhuma , Ismail Javed , Das Rashmi , Dev Nishanth , Chitkara Anubhuti , Sankar M. Jeeva
Published: March 2017

Objectives:

To evaluate the association of severe vitamin D deficiency with clinically important outcomes in children with septic shock.

Methods:

We enrolled children ≤17 years with septic shock prospectively over a period of 6 months. We estimated 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D] levels at admission and 72 hours. Severe deficiency was defined as serum 25 (OH) <10 ng/mL. We performed univariate and multivariate analysis to evaluate association with clinically important outcomes.

Results:

Forty-three children were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency was 72% and 69% at admission and 72 hours, respectively. On univariate analysis, severe vitamin D deficiency at admission was associated with lower rates of shock reversal, 74% (23) versus 25% (3); relative risk (95% confidence interval [CI]): 2.9 (1.09-8.08), at 24 hours and greater need for fluid boluses (75 vs 59 mL/kg). On multivariate analysis, nonresolution of shock at 24 hours was significantly associated with severe vitamin D deficiency after adjusting for other key baseline and clinical variables, adjusted odds ratio (95% CI): 12 (2.01-87.01); 0.01.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency is high in children with septic shock admitted to pediatric intensive care unit. Severe vitamin D deficiency at admission seems to be associated with lower rates of shock reversal at 24 hours of ICU stay. Our study provides preliminary data for planning interventional studies in children with septic shock and severe vitamin D deficiency.
Monitoring the World Health Organization Global Target 2025 for Exclusive Breastfeeding: Experience From the United States
Authors: Gupta Priya M. , Perrine Cria G. , Chen Jian , Elam-Evans Laurie D. , Flores-Ayala Rafael
Published: March 2017

Background:

Exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months, calculated from a single 24-hour recall among mothers of children 0 to 5 months of age, is a World Health Organization (WHO) indicator used to monitor progress on the 2025 global breastfeeding target. Many upper-middle-income and high-income countries, including the United States, do not have estimates for this indicator.

Research aim:

To describe the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months in the United States.

Methods:

We used a single 24-hour dietary recall from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2012 to calculate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months. We discuss our results in the context of routine breastfeeding surveillance, which is reported from a national survey with different methodology.

Results:

Among children younger than 6 months, 24.4%, 95% confidence interval [17.6, 31.1], were exclusively breastfed the previous day.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, this is the first estimate of the WHO indicator of exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months for the United States. This study supports the global surveillance and data strategy for reporting to the WHO on the 2025 target for exclusive breastfeeding.
The Experience of Feeling Disrespected
Authors: Hawkins Kim
Published: March 2017

The concept of feeling disrespected was explored using the Parse research method. Ten women living with embodied largeness were asked, “What is the experience of feeling disrespected?” The structure of the living experience was feeling disrespected is mortifying disheartenment arising with disquieting irreverence, as distancing affiliations surface while enduring hardship. The findings provided new knowledge of living quality, advanced nursing practice, and presented future direction for research.
Prisms Transform Perspectives
Authors: Carroll Karen
Published: March 2017

In the following article, Lila Ortuno and Dr. Kristine Florczak describe the personal and professional growth gained by a graduate student undertaking a knowledge based personal reflection of practice.
Transformational Leadership in Nursing Education
Authors: Fischer Shelly Ann
Published: March 2017

Transformational leadership is a trending style and competency that has been embraced by many industries and nursing practice settings. Similar positive influence on follower engagement, teamwork, and solidarity might be experienced if transformational leadership is employed by administration and faculty as a guiding framework for nursing education. The impact of embedding a teamwork culture in basic nursing education could be significant on students and ultimately on the nursing profession. Further research is needed to develop and test application of the transformational leadership framework in nursing education.
Again, What Is Nursing Science?
Authors: Barrett Elizabeth Ann Manhart
Published: March 2017

This article again asks, What is nursing science? Who knows? Who cares? The author describes the threat to the survival of nursing science grounded in nursing frameworks and theories. This threat is magnified by the proposal of the Council for the Advancement of Nursing Science (CANS) to change the curricula of PhD education. The aim of CANS is to prepare nurse scientists for lifelong competitive careers in interdisciplinary research, often focused on funding priorities of the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR). Curricula would include preparation for conducting research in topics such as omics, e-science, translation science, biobehavioral science, symptom science, and team science. How can this be nursing science? It is argued that this focus might obliterate nursing’s discipline-specific phenomenon of concern, the human-universe-health process.
Thoughts About Created Environment
Authors: Verberk Frans , Fawcett Jacqueline
Published: March 2017

This essay is about the Neuman systems model concept of the created environment. The essay, based on work by Frans Verberk, a Neuman systems model scholar from the Netherlands, extends understanding of the created environment by explaining how this distinctive perspective of environment represents an elaboration of the physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual variables, which are other central concepts of the Neuman Systems Model.
“Oh, the Places” Nurses “Go!”
Authors: Ortiz Mario R.
Published: March 2017

It is interesting to imagine the many diverse places and settings that nurses “go” to serve individuals, families, and communities with their unique knowledge base. Nurses working in rural areas have many challenges and opportunities, since they work in isolated areas “in the wide open air” where there is limited access to healthcare.
The Kaleidoscope Career Model Revisited
Authors: Mainiero Lisa A. , Gibson Donald E.
Published: March 2017

This study revisits the parameters of authenticity, balance, and challenge in The Kaleidoscope Career Model (KCM) concerning gender differences in midcareer. Unemployed individuals were surveyed ( n = 744) to determine gender differences in the three parameters across five segmented career stages. The results showed variance in the Authenticity, Balance and Challenge (ABC) parameters across career stages by gender, with balance increasingly important in full midcareer for women but of lesser importance for men. Authenticity showed a similar pattern for men and women, with authenticity rising for women and declining for men in very late career as predicted by the model. Challenge remained consistent for men and women, declining in importance over time. The study contribution offers sharper resonance of the KCM through closely segmented midlife career stages for an unemployed population undergoing career transitions.
The influence of organosoluble (co)polyimides side functionalization and drawing parameters on the optical fibre coatings formation and properties
Authors: Sapozhnikov Dmitry A , Bayminov Bato A , Zabegaeva Olesya N , Alexeeva Diana D , Semjonov Sergey L , Kosolapov Alexey F , Plastinin Evgeniy A , Buzin Mikhail I , Vygodskii Yakov S
Published: March 2017

A series of the copolyimides have been synthesized by one-step high-temperature method in m-cresol solution to explore their effect on the optical fibre coatings formation and properties. The following parameters that influence the coating quality and properties have been estimated: the viscosity of the polymer solution, drawing technological parameters, polyimide (PI) structure and molecular weight. It was found that copolyimides bearing side hydroxyl and carboxyl groups formulate the coatings with good adhesion without additional coupling agent. The fibres with elaborated PI coatings have high thermal stability. For some of them, 20% reduction of the fibre’s bending strength takes place only after heating for 24–72 h at 300°C.
Robust finite time second-order sliding mode stabilization control for floated inertial platform
Authors: Yu Chunmei , Li Anliang , Zhang Shifeng , Bai Xibin
Published: March 2017

High precision inertial navigation system is one of the main ways to improve the accuracy of the satellite orbit and to prolong life. In order to solve the suspension stabilization problem of the floated inertial navigation platform (or the floated platform), a robust finite time second-order sliding mode control scheme is proposed. This control method can guarantee the stability and rapidity of the system under the complex disturbances. Then, focusing on the design problem of the observer, the nonlinear extended state observer is designed to enhance the adaptability for random uncertainty and to improve the robust performance and the stabilization accuracy of the controller. Finally, the stability and convergence of the control system are proven by the homogeneous theory. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can eliminate the input chattering of the sliding mode control efficiently and the high precision inertial stabilization of the floated inertial platform is realized with the accuracy higher than [Formula: see text].
Democratizing the wealth of cities: self-financing urban development
Authors: Turnbull Shann
Published: March 2017

In conventional urban developments, land and property owners benefit from the uplift in land values that arises from the costly public investments by different levels of government in roads, water, sewerage, transport, education, hospitals and other services, as well as from private investments in production, trade, office, retail, entertainment, sporting and residential facilities. This paper describes the many benefits that come from cooperative land banks that make the development of new urban sites with infrastructure and services self-financing (reducing the need for public investment). They also lower the costs of housing and commercial investments by removing the cost of land. This is achieved by separating the ownership of land (now owned by the cooperative) from the ownership of buildings, and by making the rights of ownership conditional upon use (i.e. use it or lose it). Owners of dwellings get a “dynamic lease” that reflects the value of their investment and in addition obtain shares in the cooperative that capture the value of all sites and community assets. Cooperative land banks can also contribute to financing urban renewal initiatives, although, as the paper describes, this may need supportive legislation.
Time Order as Psychological Bias
Authors: Grabot Laetitia , van Wassenhove Virginie
Published: March 2017

Incorrectly perceiving the chronology of events can fundamentally alter people’s understanding of the causal structure of the world. For example, when astronomers used the “eye and ear” method to locate stars, they showed systematic interindividual errors. In the current study, we showed that temporal-order perception may be considered a psychological bias that attention can modulate but not fully eradicate. According to Titchener’s law of prior entry, attention prioritizes the perception of an event and thus can help compensate for possible interindividual differences in the perceived timing of an event by normalizing perception in time. In a longitudinal study, we tested the stability of participants’ temporal-order perception across and within sensory modalities, together with the magnitude of the participants’ prior-entry effect. All measurements showed the persistence of stable interindividual variability. Crucially, the magnitude of the prior-entry effect was insufficient to compensate for interindividual variability: Conscious time order was systematically subjective, and therefore traceable on an individual basis.
Uptake trends in the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme and the influences of age, sex, and deprivation
Authors: Quyn Aaron J , Fraser Callum G , Stanners Greig , Carey Francis A , Carden Claire , Shaukat Aasma , Steele Robert JC
Published: March 2017

Objective

Age, sex, and deprivation are known factors influencing colorectal (bowel) cancer screening uptake. We investigated the influence of these factors on uptake over time.

Methods

Data from the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme (SBoSP) were collected between 2007 and 2014. End-points for analysis were uptake, faecal occult blood test positivity, and disease detection, adjusted for age, sex, deprivation, and year of screening.

Results

From 5,308,336 individual screening episodes documented, uptake gradually increased with increasing age up to 65–69 and was lower in men than women (52.4% vs. 58.7%, respectively). Deprivation had a significant effect on uptake by men and women of all age groups, with the most deprived least likely to complete a screening test. Uptake has increased with time in both sexes and across the deprivation gradient. The number needed to screen to detect significant neoplasia was significantly lower in men than women overall (170 vs. 365), and this held over all age and deprivation groups. The number needed to screen was also lower in the more deprived population.

Conclusions

Although lower age, male sex, and increased deprivation are associated with lower bowel cancer screening uptake in Scotland, uptake has increased since SBoSP introduction in all age groups, both sexes, and across the deprivation gradient. Despite a lower uptake, the number needed to screen to find significant disease was lower in men and in those with higher levels of deprivation.
Sociodemographic Determinants of Low Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Among Bangladeshi Adults: Results From WHO-STEPS Survey 2010
Authors: Karim Md Nazmul , Zaman M. Mostafa , Rahman Md Mujibur , Chowdhury M. A. Jalil , Ahsan H. A. M. Nazmul , Hassan Md Mahtabuddin , Karim Syed Rezaul , Hossain Md Zakir , Billah Baki
Published: March 2017

This study aimed to investigate factors affecting fruit and vegetables (FAVs) intake among Bangladeshi adults. Dietary data of 9275 adults from the Bangladesh Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factor Survey 2010 were analyzed. The mean age of the respondents was 42.4 (±13.5) years. Multistage cluster sampling was applied to identify samples. Demographics, personal habits, physical activity, diet, and anthropometric data were collected using the WHO-STEPs questionnaire. Average daily intake of <5 servings of FAVs combined was considered to be low FAV consumption, and its prevalence was 82.8%. A mixed-effect logistic regression model was fitted to assess association of factors with low FAV intake. Higher educational attainment, greater wealth, female sex, low physical activity, body mass index >25 kg/m2, and smokeless tobacco consumption were significantly associated with higher FAV consumption. Frequency of low FAV intake increased with increasing age and decreased with increasing educational attainment. Programs targeting people at risk of low FAV consumption are needed to promote consumption.
Novel Lessons on Behavioral Ethics From the U.S. Military Academy at West Point
Authors: Offstein Evan H. , Dufresne Ronald L. , Childers J. Stephen
Published: March 2017

After a spate of business ethics crises over the past two decades, management educators were put on notice: considerably more was needed to improve the ethical grounding of our graduating students. Taking stock of our progress, we contend that management education remains well short of achieving this charge and cannot be content with the state of its ethics development. In this essay, grounded on a 2-year research platform, we turn to a unique institute of higher education to comment on the pedagogical assumptions and practices they enact to enhance the ethical behavior of their students. Specifically, this essay will comment on some of the more novel and paradoxical principles and approaches employed by the U.S. Military Academy at West Point to support the positive ethical behaviors of its students. We offer meaningful prescriptions touching on core planks of behavioral ethics: moral awareness, moral decision making, and moral motivation. Given the questionable efficacy of some previous approaches at improving ethical behavior, turning our attention to this unique institution may offer some compelling insights that may be employed in management education.
Testing Ethnological Theories on Prehistoric Kinship
Authors: Ensor Bradley E.
Published: March 2017

Although not a new topic, there is a growing trend in ethnology to interpret changing kinship terminology, social organization, and marriage practices deep into prehistory. These efforts are largely guided by phylogenetic, neoevolutionary, and historical particularist theoretical models using 19th to 20th century ethnographically recorded kin terminology. However, the “high-level” theoretical models and their assumptions are untestable without data dating to prehistory. Archeological kinship analysis based on cross-cultural “mid-level” factual correspondence between social organization and patterns in material culture, which is not biased by any given “high-level” theory, can empirically test the ethnological models and assumptions. Archeological case studies on the Chontal Maya and Hohokam illustrate problems in phylogenetic, neoevolutionary, and historical particularist theoretical assumptions. Instead, the results are consistent with contemporary anthropological theory emphasizing practice and agency within historically contingent political economic social contexts.
Perioperative Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review of Published Cases
Authors: Agarwal Shvetank , Bean Matthew G. , Hata J. Steven , Castresana Manuel R.
Published: March 2017

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is a condition that is characterized as a transient ventricular dysfunction in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and is usually triggered by an acute medical illness or intense physical or emotional stress. Multiple cases of perioperative TCM (pTCM) have been reported from around the world, but a qualitative analysis of these cases has not yet been done. For this systematic review, we searched PubMed for case reports and case series of pTCM published from 1966 to April 2015 with the objective being to evaluate whether differences in demographics, clinical features and outcomes exist between pTCM and nonperioperative (npTCM), as well as to attempt to identify any predictors of the severe form of pTCM, which requires mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices or leads to death. A total of 93 articles describing 102 cases were retrieved and reviewed. The findings were compared with the analysis of the International Takotsubo Registry by Templin et al and a systematic review of mainly non-perioperative TCM (npTCM) by Gianni et al. Although we were unable to identify definitive risk factors for pTCM, our review suggests that pTCM appears to occur in younger patients and with a lower likelihood of ST segment elevations and T-wave abnormalities than in npTCM. No demographic or clinical factors were identified that were predictive of more severe outcomes. As TCM in general can be a life-threatening event, it would therefore be prudent to consider pTCM within a differential diagnosis in any patient who decompensates in the perioperative period.
Involvement of Reactive Metabolites of Diclofenac in Cytotoxicity in Sandwich-Cultured Rat Hepatocytes
Authors: Kawase Atsushi , Hashimoto Ryota , Shibata Mai , Shimada Hiroaki , Iwaki Masahiro
Published: March 2017

Background and Objectives:

Diclofenac (DIC) is metabolized to reactive metabolites such as diclofenac acyl-β-d-glucuronide (DIC-AG). It is possible that such reactive metabolites could cause tissue damage by formation of covalent protein adducts and other modification of cellular proteins or by induction of immune responses against its covalent protein adducts. However, the detailed mechanisms of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) have been unclear. The objective is to clarify the involvement of DIC-AG and 4′hydroxydiclofenac (4′OH-DIC) in acute DILI.

Methods:

We examined the effects of inhibiting DIC-AG and 4′OH-DIC production on covalent protein adduct formation and lactate dehydrogenase leakage using sandwich-cultured rat hepatocytes (SCRHs).

Results:

After pretreatment of SCRH with (−)-borneol (BOR, a uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase inhibitor) or sulfaphenazole (SUL, a cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibitor) for 30 minutes, intracellular concentrations of DIC, DIC-AG, and 4′OH-DIC were determined after further treating cells with 300 μM DIC for 3 hours. The decreased levels of reactive metabolites caused by BOR or SUL pretreatment resulted in decreased lactate dehydrogenase leakage from SCRH, although the formation of covalent protein adducts was not affected.

Conclusion:

These results suggested that both DIC-AG and 4′OH-DIC may be involved in acute cytotoxicity by DIC.
The impact of both spousal caregivers’ and care recipients’ health on relationship satisfaction in the Caregiver Health Effects Study
Authors: Monin Joan K , Levy Becca , Doyle Margaret , Schulz Richard , Kershaw Trace
Published: March 2017

This study examined, with a sample of older adult, caregiving couples, whether each spouse’s health was associated with their own and their partner’s relationship satisfaction. Dyads ( n = 233; age = 64–99 years) in the Caregiver Health Effects Study, ancillary to the Cardiovascular Health Study, reported relationship satisfaction, depressive symptoms, disability, and self-reported health. The cross-sectional Actor–Partner Interdependence Model showed that for both caregivers and care recipients, greater depressive symptoms and lower self-reported health related to lower relationship satisfaction (actor effects). Caregivers had lower relationship satisfaction when they were more disabled (actor effect) and when care recipients were more depressed (partner effect).
The mundane experience of everyday calorie trackers: Beyond the metaphor of Quantified Self
Authors: Didžiokaitė Gabija , Saukko Paula , Greiffenhagen Christian
Published: March 2017

In this article, we build on the work of Ruckenstein and Pantzar, who have demonstrated how our understanding of self-tracking has been influenced by the metaphor of the Quantified Self (QS). To complicate this very selective picture of self-tracking, we shift the focus in understanding self-tracking from members of the QS community to the experiences of ‘ordinary man and woman’. Therefore, we interviewed ‘everyday calorie trackers’, people who had themselves started using MyFitnessPal calorie counting app but were not part of any tracking community. Our analysis identifies three main themes – goals, use and effect – which highlight the mundane side of self-tracking, where people pursuing everyday, limited goals engage in basic self-tracking and achieve temporary changes. These experiences contrast with the account of self-tracking in terms of long-term, experimental analysis of data on the self or ‘biohacking’, which dominates the QS metaphor in the academic literature.
‘The sweet tang of rape’: Torture, survival and masculinity in Ian Fleming’s Bond novels
Authors: Adams Alex
Published: March 2017

Little scholarly attention has been paid to the torture scenes in Ian Fleming’s canon of Bond novels and short stories (1953–1966), despite the fact that they represent some of the most potent sites of the negotiations of masculinity, nationhood, violence and the body for which Fleming’s texts are critically renowned. This article is an intersectional feminist reading of Fleming’s canon, which stresses the interpenetrations of homophobia, anticommunism and misogyny that are present in Fleming’s representation of torture. Drawing on close readings of Fleming’s novels and theoretical discussions of heteronormativity, homophobia and national identity, this article argues that Fleming’s representations of torture are sites of literary meaning in which the boundaries of hegemonic masculinity are policed and reinforced. This policing is achieved, this article argues, through the associations of the perpetration of torture with homosexuality and Communism, and the survival of torture with post-imperial British hegemonic masculinity. Fleming’s torture scenes frequently represent set pieces in which Bond must reject or endure the unsolicited intimacy of other men; he must resist their seductions and persuasions and remain ideologically undefiled. Bond’s survival of torture is a metonymy for Britain’s survival of post-Second World War social and political upheaval. Further, the horror of torture, for Fleming, is the horror of a hierarchy of hegemonic masculinity in disarray: Bond’s survival represents the regrounding of normative heterosexual masculinity through the rejection of homosexuality and Communism.
The Communicative Function of Sad Facial Expressions
Authors: Reed Lawrence Ian , DeScioli Peter
Published: March 2017

What are the communicative functions of sad facial expressions? Research shows that people feel sadness in response to losses but it’s unclear whether sad expressions function to communicate losses to others and if so, what makes these signals credible. Here we use economic games to test the hypothesis that sad expressions lend credibility to claims of loss. Participants play the role of either a proposer or recipient in a game with a fictional backstory and real monetary payoffs. The proposers view a (fictional) video of the recipient’s character displaying either a neutral or sad expression paired with a claim of loss. The proposer then decided how much money to give to the recipient. In three experiments, we test alternative theories by using situations in which the recipient’s losses were uncertain (Experiment 1), the recipient’s losses were certain (Experiment 2), or the recipient claims failed gains rather than losses (Experiment 3). Overall, we find that participants gave more money to recipients who displayed sad expressions compared to neutral expressions, but only under conditions of uncertain loss. This finding supports the hypothesis that sad expressions function to increase the credibility of claims of loss.