bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rezagos en el nivel de autonomía de las mujeres rurales mexicanas en la primera década del siglo XXI
Authors: López Guerra Verónica , Rojas Olga Lorena
Published: May 2017

Considerando los cambios ocurridos en la condición de las mujeres mexicanas en materia escolar y laboral, además de las transformaciones del campo mexicano en las décadas recientes, llevamos a cabo un estudio sobre los avances y rezagos en la autonomía de las mujeres rurales comparándolas con sus pares urbanas. Para ello utilizamos los datos de la Encuesta Nacional sobre la Dinámica de las Relaciones en los Hogares (ENDIREH) de 2011. Nuestros resultados sugieren la existencia de importantes rezagos en la condición de las mujeres rurales respecto a las urbanas; sin embargo, al considerar algunas características sociodemográficas se detectan algunos matices.
A produção do conhecimento sobre o ensino médio integrado: uma análise a partir das pesquisas de doutoramento
Authors: Morais João Kaio Cavalcante de , Henrique Ana Lúcia Sarmento , Silva Lenina Lopes Soares
Published: May 2017

Este artigo objetiva analisar o tema Ensino Médio Integrado (2011-2014) no banco de teses da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Ensino Superior. Foram localizadas dez teses que discorrem a respeito dessa problemática. Para fundamentar a pesquisa, recorreu-se aos estudos de Frigotto, Ciavatta e Ramos (2005), Kuenzer (2009) e Moura (2014), o que configurou esta pesquisa como bibliográfica a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa. Os resultados mostraram que os trabalhos consultados se bifurcam em três categorias: currículo integrado, políticas de avaliação de implementação e situações do cotidiano do processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Essas categorias abordam elementos teóricos e empíricos sobre o Ensino Médio Integrado no Brasil. Sinaliza-se a necessidade de mais pesquisas de doutoramento voltadas para discussões referentes ao Ensino Médio Integrado, uma vez que na última década esse esteve no cerne das principais políticas da expansão da educação profissional nesse país.
O pensamento educacional de Manoel Bomfim a partir da obra América Latina: males de origem (1905)
Authors: Machado Charliton José dos Santos , Barbosa Daniella de Souza
Published: May 2017

Este artigo avalia o pensamento educacional de Manoel Bomfim a partir da apreciação de sua clássica obra América Latina: males de origem (1905), além de levantar suas contribuições para o pensamento social brasileiro. Foi considerado um intelectual dissidente devido ao seu contradiscurso abominando o racismo científico como explicação para o atraso econômico, social, político e moral existente no início do século XX nas repúblicas latino-americanas. Manoel Bomfim, à luz de sua teoria do parasitismo social, reescreve o debate sobre o atraso latino-americano em outro campo, o da análise histórica da colonização ibérica, considerando a defesa da educação como meio para a emancipação dos povos e para a construção de uma sociedade mais democrática.
The history of initial teacher education in Canada: Québec and Ontario
Authors: Smyth Elizabeth , Hamel Thérère
Published: May 2017

This article traces the history of teacher education in Canada from the seventeenth century to the present by focusing on teacher education in the English-language dominant province of Ontario and the French-language dominant province of Québec. Because of the decentralized nature of education in Canada, it is at the provincial, not at the national level, where policies and practices for teacher education are developed and delivered. Like the history of Canada itself, the history of teacher education is marked by conflicts of gender, religion, power, class, race, language and ethnicity as teacher education struggled to claim a space itself in the academy and exercise its authority within the ivory tower. The article considers how the historical struggles and successes can both inform and cause us to critically reflect our current practice.
Espaço poético como tradução didática: Bachelard e a imagem da casa
Authors: Dinarte Luiz Daniel Rodrigues , Corazza Sandra Mara
Published: May 2017

O artigo propõe a invenção de um problema envolvendo o Espaço Poético, a partir da obra A Poética do Espaço, de Gaston Bachelard, e a didática. Entendendo o Espaço a partir da inflexão atribuída por Corazza (2015b, 2015a), desde o bloco de pensamento EIS AICE (Espaços, Imagens, Signos e Autor, Infantil, Currículo, Educador), e a didática como didática da diferença, a discussão gira em torno da imagem da casa, nos termos da filosofia bachelardiana, como força de criação. Se se entende uma didática da diferença em consonância com uma didática tradutória, mesmo o território conceitual-filosófico pode e deve ser dado à tradução. Por isso, o Espaço é definido como espaço de possibilidades tradutórias e de emergência de linguagens.
Políticas de redução da desigualdade sociocultural
Authors: Lara Angela Mara Barros
Published: May 2017

O tema tratado neste texto é a desigualdade sociocultural, tendo como objetivo compreender as políticas públicas e sociais que, engendradas nesta sociedade, formam o escopo para entender este objeto. O problema que motivou este escrito baseou-se no seguinte questionamento: é possível a superação da desigualdade sociocultural na América Latina? A partir dessa questão, foi possível analisar as complexidades que envolvem a região latino-americana no que tange às diferentes formas de desigualdade. As unidades do texto trabalhadas foram: alguns conceitos de desigualdade observados na região latino-americana, bem como os princípios e fundamentos que os sustentam; o capitalismo monopolista e o papel do Estado e sua refuncionalização na compreensão da desigualdade sociocultural. Nesse sentido, a discussão fundamentou-se nos pressupostos históricos que têm como perspectiva a totalidade, a hegemonia e a mediação. O terceiro e último ponto debatido foi a possível superação da desigualdade sociocultural na América Latina.
As tirinhas nas aulas de leitura em língua inglesa: uma proposta didático-pedagógica para iniciantes
Authors: Nóbrega Daniela Gomes de Araújo
Published: May 2017

Este artigo traz para discussão a prática e a pedagogia de leitura multimodal nas aulas de leitura em Língua Inglesa para os alunos iniciantes. Este trabalho discute a possibilidade de se trabalhar com o gênero textual “tirinha” em aulas de leitura em língua inglesa. Para tanto, como teoria, para discorrer sobre a noção de gênero, utilizou-se Bazerman (2006); para apresentar as características da linguagem não verbal, recorreu-se a Ekman e Friesen (1969) e Nóbrega (2011); para discutir sobre o gênero textual “tirinha”, consideraram-se os trabalhos de Barbosa et al. (2014) e de Ramos e Vergueiro (2015); para debater sobre leitura interativa e multimodal, empregaram-se os subsídios teóricos de Kleiman (2012) e Rojo (2012). Como proposta didático-pedagógica, recomendam-se atividades em sala de aula que associam a leitura multimodal (imagética ou quadrinhista) presente nas “tirinhas” com o texto escrito (diálogos dos personagens), dando ênfase às habilidades orais ou de escrita dos alunos.
Formação de professores de educação infantil: memória, narrativa e inteireza
Authors: Pena Alexandra Coelho
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo assume o desafio, cada vez mais necessário diante das mais recentes regulações resultantes da pesquisa, do debate acadêmico e das políticas públicas implementadas há quase vinte anos no Brasil, de discutir o tema da formação de professores de educação infantil. Para tanto, o texto toma os achados de uma pesquisa de doutorado que ouviu as histórias de vida de dez educadoras – professoras, coordenadoras, cozinheiras e auxiliares de serviços gerais – responsáveis pelo atendimento de crianças entre zero e cinco anos de idade das creches e pré-escolas da Baixada Fluminense, no Rio de Janeiro. As narrativas analisadas na pesquisa permitem apontar para uma formação que possa se constituir como uma relação dialógica entre o conhecimento intelectual e o conhecimento de si, levando em consideração a inteireza de cada sujeito em seu processo formativo.
A influência da formação continuada na prática docente
Authors: Mororó Leila Pio
Published: May 2017

O texto discute como a formação continuada pode ou não influenciar a prática pedagógica docente. Para tanto, analisa as entrevistas e observações em sala de aula realizadas com doze professoras participantes de um curso de formação continuada. Utiliza como categorias teóricas os conceitos de cotidiano e não cotidiano (Heller) e de sentido e significado (Leontiev). Conclui que a influência que qualquer evento de formação docente venha a exercer sobre a prática de professores depende, principalmente, dos mediadores que possam proporcionar-lhes possibilidades de ruptura com as formas de pensamento cotidiano, permitindo, portanto, a aproximação do seu sentido pessoal do significado social do trabalho docente.
Two Issues of University Governance in Vietnam in The Context Of Integration
Authors: Trinh Ngoc Thach
Published: May 2017

Giáo dục đại học Việt Nam (GDĐH) đang từng bước đổi mới theo xu hướng hội nhập quốc tế. Trong quá trình đối mới, nhiều vấn đề của GDĐH đã được nhận diện, trong số đó, hai vấn đề của quản trị đại học là: tự chủ đại học và đầu tư tài chính cho đại học đang là những nội dung được thảo luận nhiều tại các cuộc hội thảo về đổi mới GDĐH trong thời gian gần đây. Bài viết này phân tích hai vấn đề của quản trị đại học ở Việt Nam trong bối cảnh hội nhập quốc tế hiện nay.
Thực trạng mạng lưới xã hội trong khám chữa bệnh của người trong độ tuổi lao động ở huyện Thường Tín, thành phố Hà Nội
Authors: Phạm Gia Cường
Published: May 2017

Bài viết tập trung phân tích cấu trúc và sự tương tác giữa các thành viên trong mạng lưới khám chữa bệnh nhằm xác định các thành phần, các mối quan hệ, nội dung trao đổi và việc duy trì, phát triển mối quan hệ trong mạng lưới khám chữa bệnh. Từ đó, có những khuyến nghị đối với nhà quản lý trong việc thiết lập mối quan hệ giữa cơ sở y tế với cộng đồng và người dân. Mạng lưới xã hội của người trong độ tuổi lao động có cơ cấu ít thành phần. Mối quan hệ trong mạng lưới chủ yếu là các thành viên gia đình, nhân viên y tế, họ hàng, người có cùng hoàn cảnh ốm đau, bệnh tật và mối quan hệ được họ sử dụng ít nhất là chính quyền địa phương, cơ quan, tổ chức. Người trong độ tuổi lao động có niềm tin vào mối quan hệ: nhân viên y tế, thành viên gia đình, họ hàng và người cùng có hoàn cảnh ốm đau, bệnh tật. Nội dung trao đổi của các thành viên trong mạng lưới chủ yếu là: thuốc và cách chữa bệnh; ốm đau, bệnh tật; bác sĩ; chính sách liên quan đến khám chữa bệnh tiếp cận cơ sở y tế.
Quản lý mô hình liên thế hệ tự giúp nhau của người cao tuổi và vai trò của công tác xã hội
Authors: Nguyễn Văn Đồng
Published: May 2017

Thanh Hóa là địa phương đi đầu trong việc nhân rộng mô hình liên thế hệ tự giúp nhau, đây là mô hình chăm sóc - trợ giúp người cao tuổi dựa vào cộng đồng, mô hình đã huy động sự tham gia của cộng đồng trong việc chăm sóc, trợ giúp và phát huy vai trò người cao tuổi. Hoằng Hóa là huyện đầu tiên của tỉnh Thanh Hóa có loại mô hình này; sau giai đoạn đầu triển khai mô hình đã trợ giúp người cao tuổi thông qua 4 hoạt động chính: Chăm sóc sức khỏe; hỗ trợ sinh kế tạo việc làm; giải trí - thể dục thể thao; truyền thông nâng cao nhận thức về chính sách người cao tuổi. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện tại địa bàn huyện Hoằng Hóa ở 2 xã có mô hình liên thế hệ tự giúp nhau (xã Hoằng Lưu và Hoằng Trạch), mẫu nghiên cứu là 200 người cao tuổi có độ tuổi từ 60 - 80 tuổi, hiện đang sinh hoạt trong mô hình liên thế hệ tự giúp nhau tại địa bàn khảo sát.
CoNiP/Au Multisegment Magnetic Nanowires: Synthesis and Aminothiophenol (4-ATP) Functionalization
Authors: Ngoc Do Quang , Nu Hoang Thi , Thiem Luu Van , Quynh Luu Manh , Tu Le Tuan
Published: May 2017

Abstract: The magnetic properties in CoNiP/Au multisegments nanowire were investigated. All the samples were prepared by electrodeposition method with pH of 5.5 and room temperature. The electrochemical potential of CoNiP was determined by cycle voltammetary. The crystalline structure and morphology of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Miroscopy (SEM) and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), respectively. The hysteresis loops were measured at room temperature using vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The SEM and TEM image showed that the CoNiP/Au nanowires with diameters about 50 nm. The lattice spacing of the  CoNiP samples were 0.205 nm. The obtained results of VSM show that, the coercivity is 1006 Oe. The 4-Aminothiophenol (4-ATP) functionalized CoNiP/Au were combined by inverse emulsion method in order to apply to biomedicine.  The characteristic Surface Enhanced Raman peak positions of 4-ATP absorbed on the Au segments were occurred without any alterations, which significantly predicted attractive applicability of the colloids for biomedical labeling.
Pemberdayaan Pengrajin Perempuan Penenun Sarung ATBM (Alat Tenun Bukan Mesin)
Authors: Farida Farida , Christantyawati Nevrettia
Published: May 2017

Community empowerment through MSMEs is now a central theme that is often raised by some researchers and also a major concern for the government, especially by the Office of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Micro Enterprises. Data released by the Office of Cooperatives and SMEs in 2013, the contribution of cooperatives and SMEs reached more than Rp 600 trillion or about 57% of East Java GDP that reached Rp 1.012 trillion. Besides, the industry of 54.34% in East Java also comes from MSME which can accommodate 98% of the workforce (Bappeda Jtim, 2014). Year 2015 is currently promoting OVOP (One Village One Product). This is the government's way of improving products coming from the region. Sambopinggir and Cerme is a small area in Lamongan and Gresik regency producing weaving ATBM sarong. A group of women weavers of ATBM sarong weavers are a small part of a group of women who take part in a small business of hand-made crafts that are purely human-dependent. Currently weaving fabric manufacturer products that many appear in the market of course very worrying and means of business continuity in the future. Prices for cheaper factory sarongs and varied designs will make ATBM woven sarongs to be lost far away. This is where the need for various parties to keep preserving hand-weaving business that has been running this year-long so as not to become extinct. In this program a group of women weavers weavers will be trained on the design of the woven sarong products to be more varied, the processing of cloth sarong weaving into other forms such as bags, mukena and clothes so more selling effects as well as packaging and product naming. Marketing is also no longer done conventionally so that ATBM woven sarong products can be marketed more widely. Keywords: group of women weavers, ATBM weaving sarong
Revisit to functional classification of towns in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Chandra Bahadur , Rijal Shiba Prasad
Published: May 2017

The present study on functional classification of the towns in Nepal is a revisit to the study made in 1980 applying the similar methodology. The previous study was based on census data of 1971 and the present study on census data of 2011. The percentages of surplus labour force in proportion to national level were computed considering five activities groups involved in non-agricultural sectors. Then, the arithmetic means of each activity group were calculated and the standard deviations from the means were taken for measuring the functional specialization.The study revealed that both the degree of urbanization and level of functional specialization have considerably increased during a period of four decades. There were only 16 towns in 1971, which increased to 58 in 2011. The number of specialized towns has increased by six folds from 4 in 1971 to 26 in 2011. The level of urbanization has now been a prominent phenomenon as compared to that in 1971. In 1971, even the then large towns were with high agricultural labor force. Now, the proportion of agricultural labor force has declined considerably. However, agriculture labor forces constitute to be dominant in more than 15 smaller towns. It indicates that urban economic base is not being taken into account while incorporating places as municipalities in several cases.The Geographical Journal of Nepal Vol. 10: 15-27, 2017
Administrative Prozesse transparent machen
Authors: Klatte Hajo
Published: May 2017

Unstrukturierte und nicht eindeutig definierte Produktentstehungsprozesse (PEP) können in Unternehmen dazu beitragen, dass die Produktentstehung zeit- und ressourcenintensiv ist. Dies sorgt unter anderem für eine nicht vollständige Ausschöpfung der Potenziale und kann sogar dazu führen, dass Wettbewerbsvorteile durch eine zu lange andauernde Produktentwicklung nicht genutzt werden können. Neben einem Vergleich der Arbeitssysteme zwischen der Produktion und dem administrativen Bereich wird in diesem Beitrag ein Vorgehen zur Analyse sowie zur Konzeption des PEP vorgestellt. In dem Vorgehen werden Methoden und Werkzeuge zur Unterstützung genannt und auf mögliche Risiken hingewiesen.
Schnittstellenanalyse in der integrierten Fabrikplanung
Authors: Burggräf Peter , Dannapfel Matthias , Utsch Julian , Uelpenich Jérôme , Kasalo Mateo
Published: May 2017

In bestehenden Ansätzen der Fabrikplanung werden Planungsschnittstellen des Produktions- und Energiesystems nur unzureichend betrachtet. Die Problematik bei der Realisierung eines integrierten Planungsvorgehens besteht im Informationsdefizit zwischen den Planungsbeteiligten. Potenziale werden durch eine integrierte Planung erwartet. Der Beitrag stellt eine Methode vor, welche eine Schnittstellenanalyse zwischen Planungsinformationen und -parametern beider Planungsdomänen ermöglicht.*)
Das Technologiemanagement erfolgreich gestalten
Authors: Schuh Günther , Wellensiek Markus , König Christina , Zeller Paul
Published: May 2017

Ein durchgängiges Technologiemanagement befähigt dazu, für das eigene Unternehmen benötigte Technologien zu identifizieren, gezielt zu entwickeln und in erfolgreiche Produkte umzusetzen. Es ist somit ein wesentlicher Faktor zur Sicherstellung des nachhaltigen Unternehmenserfolgs. Gemeinsam mit einem Industriekonsortium hat das Fraunhofer IPT ein Benchmarking zum Technologiemanagement durchgeführt und zehn handlungsleitende Erfolgsfaktoren für die praktische Ausgestaltung identifiziert.
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Effect of Operating Point Selection on Non-linear Experimental Identification of iSTC–21v and TKT–1 Small Turbojet Engines
Authors: Főző Ladislav , Andoga Rudolf , Beneda Károly , Kolesár Jan
Published: May 2017

Precise dynamic mathematical models of complex systems are important in control and diagnostic systems design and allow testing a complex system in virtual environment at a low cost. They can be also utilized in rapid prototyping using a concept of hardware in the loop. Ever improving methods of experimental identification and using approaches in non-linear approximation can considerably increase the precision of dynamic models of complex systems. The article deals with non-linear approximation of transfer gains of a complex system and evaluates the influence of operational point selection on precision of the resulting model using methods of experimental data driven identification. The object of control is represented by two similar small turbojet engines at the Departments of the authors, the iSTC-21v and TKT-1, both based on the same power section having two degrees of freedom: fuel mass flow rate and variable convergent nozzle position.
The Multicriteria Analysis of the Mixed Use of Kecskemét Military Air Base
Authors: Boldizsár Adrienn , Kővári Botond
Published: May 2017

The use of military air bases for civilian purposes is not a new idea, there are many places in the world where they make full use of this possibility to reduce the excessive reliance on the civilian airports. We have examined this kind of usability of military airports at Dezső Szentgyörgyi Air Base, in Kecskemét, Hungary. As a result of our research it seems that it may be the first mixed-service airport in the country. At the same time, an appropriate technical, infrastructural and personal background is indispensable to establish a mixed-use airport. The examination and result of this will be presented in detail subsequently. The implementation of the civilian part would be of course a challenge but everything is set to create a mixed-use air base with relatively little improvements.
Tuning of Look-ahead Cruise Control in HIL Vehicle Simulator
Authors: Mihály András , Baranyi Márk , Németh Balázs , Gáspár Péter
Published: May 2017

The paper introduces a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) driving simulator with the implementation of a look-ahead cruise control considering forward road information. The vehicle dynamics are simulated real-time in the high fidelity heavy duty vehicle simulation environment TruckSim, while the proposed look-ahead control algorithm also runs real-time on dSPACE MicroAutoBox II. The latter functions as a vehicle electronic control unit (ECU) and is used for rapid control prototyping (RCP), hence the proposed look-ahead driver assistance system can be tested and tuned in a real-time HIL vehicle simulator before installing dSPACE MicroAutoBox II in a real vehicle.
Measuring the Reflection Matrix of a Rough Surface
Authors: Burgi Kenneth , Marciniak Michael , Oxley Mark , Nauyoks Stephen
Published: May 2017

Phase modulation methods for imaging around corners with reflectively scattered light required illumination of the occluded scene with a light source either in the scene or with direct line of sight to the scene. The RM (reflection matrix) allows control and refocusing of light after reflection, which could provide a means of illuminating an occluded scene without access or line of sight. Two optical arrangements, one focal-plane, the other an imaging system, were used to measure the RM of five different rough-surface reflectors. Intensity enhancement values of up to 24 were achieved. Surface roughness, correlation length, and slope were examined for their effect on enhancement. Diffraction-based simulations were used to corroborate experimental results.
Geomimetics and Extreme Biomimetics Inspired by Hydrothermal Systems—What Can We Learn from Nature for Materials Synthesis?
Authors: Unterlass Miriam
Published: May 2017

‘Extreme biomimetics’ and ‘geomimetics’ are relatively recent fields of materials chemistry. Both take inspiration from natural materials for generating novel synthetic materials or enhanced properties in known materials. In geomimetics, the source of inspiration is geological systems, while extreme biomimetics is motivated by organisms operating in—from an anthropocentric point of view—extreme conditions. This review article focuses on geomimetic and extreme biomimetic hydrothermal synthesis. Since hydrothermal preparative chemistry typically uses nothing but water and the required precursors, the field belongs to the research area of ‘green materials chemistry’. Geomimetics, on the one hand, takes inspiration from natural materials formation. Extreme Biomimetics, on the other hand, is inspired by materials found in extremophile organisms, instead of aiming to implement their actual biosynthesis. In this contribution, both extreme biomimetics and geomimetics are first defined, and further critically discussed on the basis of recent, selected examples. Moreover, the necessity for the two closely related fields as well their prospects are commented on.
Mathematics Intervention Supporting Allen, a Latino EL: A Case Study
Authors: Di Stefano Marialuisa , Litster Kristy , MacDonald Beth L.
Published: May 2017

This research discusses a single case study of a first-grade Latino English Learner (EL) student, Allen (pseudonym), from a larger inquiry-based intervention on inversion and mental reversibility development. The purpose of this case study was to develop a better understanding of the relationship between Allen’s English language proficiency and his ability to solve inversion and compensation mathematics tasks. The integration of multiple paradigms confronting radical constructivism and sociocultural theory of learning via culturally relevant pedagogy provided us with a multi-faceted set of perspectives in understanding the interconnection between Allen’s cultural and linguistic background and his development of algebraic reasoning. Through conceptual and retrospective analyses, we found that Allen’s language features are highly correlated with the development of his thinking strategies and his ability to solve mathematics tasks. Implications of this study include the development of teaching strategies that address critical issues in mathematics, such as the individual differences of learners, specifically ELs from Latino background. We suggest further research is needed in the field of language acquisition and access to STEM related concepts.
Policy and Environmental Implications of Photovoltaic Systems in Farming in Southeast Spain: Can Greenhouses Reduce the Greenhouse Effect?
Authors: Carreño-Ortega Angel , Galdeano-Gómez Emilio , Pérez-Mesa Juan , Galera-Quiles María
Published: May 2017

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have grown in popularity in the farming sector, primarily because land area and farm structures themselves, such as greenhouses, can be exploited for this purpose, and, moreover, because farms tend to be located in rural areas far from energy production plants. In Spain, despite being a country with enormous potential for this renewable energy source, little is being done to exploit it, and policies of recent years have even restricted its implementation. These factors constitute an obstacle, both for achieving environmental commitments and for socioeconomic development. This study proposes the installation of PV systems on greenhouses in southeast Spain, the location with the highest concentration of greenhouses in Europe. Following a sensitivity analysis, it is estimated that the utilization of this technology in the self-consumption scenario at farm level produces increased profitability for farms, which can range from 0.88% (worst scenario) to 52.78% (most favorable scenario). Regarding the Spanish environmental policy, the results obtained demonstrate that the impact of applying this technology mounted on greenhouses would bring the country 38% closer to reaching the 2030 greenhouse gas (GHG) target. Furthermore, it would make it possible to nearly achieve the official commitment of 20% renewable energies by 2020. Additionally, it would have considerable effects on the regional socioeconomy, with increases in job creation and contribution to gross domestic product (GDP)/R&D (Research and Development), allowing greater profitability in agrifood activities throughout the entire region.
Electric Propulsion Concepts for an Inverted Joined Wing Airplane Demonstrator
Authors: Galinski Cezary , Lis Mateusz , Hajduk Jaroslaw
Published: May 2017

One of the airplane design concepts that potentially allows for significantly increased efficiency, but has not yet been investigated thoroughly, is the inverted joined wing configuration, where the upper wing is positioned in front of the lower one. We performed wind tunnel and flight testing of a demonstrator of this concept, first by applying electrical propulsion to simplify wind tunnel testing, and then the same electrical-propulsion demonstrator performed several flights. As the chosen propulsion method proved to be too cumbersome for an intensive flight campaign and significant loss of battery performance was also observed, the electrical propulsion was then replaced by internal combustion propulsion in the second phase, involving longer-duration flight testing. Next we identified and analyzed two potentially beneficial modifications to the design tested: one involved shifting the center of gravity towards the aft, the other involved modifying the thrust vector position, both with the assumption that electric motors can be applied for propulsion. On this basis, the paper finishes with some conclusions concerning a new concept of electrical propulsion for an inverted joined wing design, combining two ideas: hybridization and distribution along the aft wing leading edge.
Treatment of Slaughterhouse Waste Water Mixed with Serum from Lacteal Industry of Extremadura in Spain to Produce Clean Energy
Authors: Marcos A. C. , Al-Kassir A. , Cuadros Francisco , Yusaf Talal
Published: May 2017

The problem of slaughterhouse waste water can be resolved by mixing it with serum from lacteal industry to produce a biogas. The effect of serum addition on the anaerobic co-digestion of solid and liquid slaughterhouse waste has been studied. The experimental device consisted of a continuous digester by recirculation of biogas produced in the anaerobic digestion. The input effluent was a mixture of slaughterhouse waste from Badajoz city (Spain) and animal serum in a proportion of 20%. The anaerobic digestion was developed in a complete mixing continuous digester with a capacity of 6.2 L at 37 °C and a feed rate of 350 mL/day. From the results obtained for the co-digestion of the feeding effluent of the slaughterhouse waste, without and with serum added, in the same operating conditions, comparative data about the biological depuration and biogas production have been obtained. A 10 L biogas production was obtained with the slaughterhouse waste and 18 L with the slaughterhouse waste with serum added. In conclusion, the highest energetic yield (97.52% higher) was obtained in the second case, due to the positive action of catalytic enzymes present in the animal serum.
Investigation on the Effect of the Gas Exchange Process on the Diesel Engine Thermal Overload with Experimental Results
Authors: Nanda Sangram Kishore , Jia Boru , Smallbone Andrew , Roskilly Anthony Paul
Published: May 2017

In this paper, the influence of the gas exchange process on the diesel engine thermal overload is provided. Main components involved in the gas exchange process are discussed. The ambient conditions, the turbocharger performance, and the valve timing that affect the gas exchange process have been investigated. Experiments were conducted to simulate ambient conditions at different geographical locations and demonstrated a decrease in oxygen concentration in the exhaust as the humidity level in the air increased. Additionally, the effect of an inefficient turbocharger on an engine operating at part-load was also investigated. It was observed that an overly lean air/fuel mixture caused inefficient scavenging and the corresponding level of residual gas trapped in the cylinder increased. This resulted in partial combustion which could be observed as white smoke from the engine exhaust stack, therefore indicating the presence of unburnt fuel. Exhaust valve timing measurements showed that the cylinder with the highest wear rate had its valve closure timing 10 crank angle degrees after the cylinder with least wear rate. The exhaust valves were closed earlier than the designed condition which impaired the scavenging process and increased the level of residual gas trapped in the cylinder. This resulted in a reduction of the actual air-to-fuel ratio and high exhaust gas temperatures.
The Complete Structure of the Core Oligosaccharide from Edwardsiella tarda EIB 202 Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Kaszowska Marta , De Mendoza-Barberá Elena , Maciejewska Anna , Merino Susana , Lugowski Czeslaw , Tomás Juan
Published: May 2017

The chemical structure and genomics of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core oligosaccharide of pathogenic Edwardsiella tarda strain EIB 202 were studied for the first time. The complete gene assignment for all LPS core biosynthesis gene functions was acquired. The complete structure of core oligosaccharide was investigated by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry MSn, and matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The following structure of the undecasaccharide was established: The heterogeneous appearance of the core oligosaccharide structure was due to the partial lack of β-d-Galp and the replacement of α-d-GlcpNAcGly by α-d-GlcpNGly. The glycine location was identified by mass spectrometry.
Improving the Power Conversion Efficiency of Carbon Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells by Growing the Dots on a TiO2 Photoanode In Situ
Authors: Zhang Quanxin , Zhang Geping , Sun Xiaofeng , Yin Keyang , Li Hongguang
Published: May 2017

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are highly promising since they can potentially solve global energy issues. The development of new photosensitizers is the key to fully realizing perspectives proposed to DSSCs. Being cheap and nontoxic, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have emerged as attractive candidates for this purpose. However, current methodologies to build up CQD-sensitized solar cells (CQDSCs) result in an imperfect apparatus with extremely low power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Herein, we present a simple strategy of growing carbon quantum dots (CQDs) onto TiO2 surfaces in situ. The CQDs/TiO2 hybridized photoanode was then used to construct solar cell with an improved PCE of 0.87%, which is higher than all of the reported CQDSCs adopting the simple post-adsorption method. This result indicates that an in situ growing strategy has great advantages in terms of optimizing the performance of CQDSCs. In addition, we have also found that the mechanisms dominating the performance of CQDSCs are different from those behind the solar cells using inorganic semiconductor quantum dots (ISQDs) as the photosensitizers, which re-confirms the conclusion that the characteristics of CQDs differ from those of ISQDs.
Stability Study of Sunscreens with Free and Encapsulated UV Filters Contained in Plastic Packaging
Authors: Briasco Benedetta , Capra Priscilla , Mannucci Barbara , Perugini Paola
Published: May 2017

Sunscreens play a fundamental role in skin cancer prevention and in protection against photo-aging. UV filters are often photo-unstable, especially in relation to their vehicles and, being lipophilic substances, they are able to interact with plastic packaging. Finally, UV filter stability can be significantly affected by the routine use of the product at high temperatures. This work aims to study the stability of sunscreen formulations in polyethylene packaging. Butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane and octocrylene, both in a free form and as encapsulated filters were chosen as UV filters. Stability evaluations were performed both in the packaging and on the formulations. Moreover, a further two non-destructive techniques, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and a multiple light scattering technique, were also used to evaluate the stability of the formulation. Results demonstrated clearly that all of the pack underwent significant changes in its elastic/plastic behavior and in external color after solar irradiation. From the evaluation of the extractable profile of untreated and treated packaging material an absorption of 2-phenoxyethanol and octocrylene were shown. In conclusion, the results highlighted clearly that a reduction of the UV filter in the formulation packed in high-density polyethylene/low-density polyethylene (HDPE/LDPE) material can occur over time, reducing the protective effect of the product when applied to the skin.
Nano-Contact Transfer with Gold Nanoparticles on PEG Hydrogels and Using Wrinkled PDMS-Stamps
Authors: Yesildag Cigdem , Tyushina Arina , Lensen Marga
Published: May 2017

In the present work, a soft lithographic process is used to create nanometer-sized line patterns of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on PEG-based hydrogels. Hereby nanometer-sized wrinkles on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are first fabricated, then functionalized with amino-silane and subsequently coated with Au NPs. The Au NPs are electrostatically bound to the surface of the wrinkled PDMS. In the next step, these relatively loosely bound Au NPs are transferred to PEG based hydrogels by simple contacting, which we denote “nano-contact transfer”. Nano-patterned Au NPs lines on PEG hydrogels are thus achieved, which are of interesting potential in nano-photonics, biosensor applications (using SERS) and to control nanoscopic cell adhesion events.
In-Process Atomic-Force Microscopy (AFM) Based Inspection
Authors: Mekid Samir
Published: May 2017

A new in-process atomic-force microscopy (AFM) based inspection is presented for nanolithography to compensate for any deviation such as instantaneous degradation of the lithography probe tip. Traditional method used the AFM probes for lithography work and retract to inspect the obtained feature but this practice degrades the probe tip shape and hence, affects the measurement quality. This paper suggests a second dedicated lithography probe that is positioned back-to-back to the AFM probe under two synchronized controllers to correct any deviation in the process compared to specifications. This method shows that the quality improvement of the nanomachining, in progress probe tip wear, and better understanding of nanomachining. The system is hosted in a recently developed nanomanipulator for educational and research purposes.
A Low-Cost System Based on Image Analysis for Monitoring the Crystal Growth Process
Authors: Venâncio Fabrício , Rosário Francisca , Cajaiba João
Published: May 2017

Many techniques are used to monitor one or more of the phenomena involved in the crystallization process. One of the challenges in crystal growth monitoring is finding techniques that allow direct interpretation of the data. The present study used a low-cost system, composed of a commercial webcam and a simple white LED (Light Emitting Diode) illuminator, to follow the calcium carbonate crystal growth process. The experiments were followed with focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM), a common technique for obtaining information about the formation and growth of crystals. The images obtained in real time were treated with the red, blue, and green (RGB) system. The results showed a qualitative response of the system to crystal formation and growth processes, as there was an observed decrease in the signal as the growth process occurred. Control of the crystal growth was managed by increasing the viscosity of the test solution with the addition of monoethylene glycol (MEG) at 30% and 70% in a mass to mass relationship, providing different profiles of the RGB average curves. The decrease in the average RGB value became slower as the concentration of MEG was increased; this reflected a lag in the growth process that was proven by the FBRM.
Quad-Bike Operational Instability
Authors: Macmillan Ross H.
Published: May 2017

The stake-holders in the quad-bike (QB) industry in Australia have failed to reach a satisfactory resolution of the present impasse that exists with respect to the causes and mitigation of the trauma suffered by riders due to QB instability. In an effort to provide purchasers with data enabling them to discriminate between safer and less safe machines, static longitudinal and lateral tests have been conducted by various interested parties; quasi-static lateral tests have also been conducted under some operational conditions. It is argued that while these static tests are valid, under many operating conditions QBs will not reach such unstable slopes due to poor traction. Further, these tests do not include the quasi-static and dynamic factors which also influence the processes associated with operational instability. For these reasons, the static tests do not provide an adequate basis for discrimination between safer and less safe machines.
Assessing the National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard of 2016: Can Americans Access Electronic Disclosure Information?
Authors: Berning Craig , Roe Brian
Published: May 2017

The debate as to whether to require mandatory labeling of genetically modified organism (GMO) foods was partially settled on 29 July 2016, when President Obama signed the National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard into public law. In contrast to precipitating legislation passed by the State of Vermont that required disclosure of GMO ingredients on food shelves or food packages, the superseding National Standard allows firms to disclose bioengineered ingredients to consumers via symbols, electronic or digital links, or phone numbers, and further requires a study assessing the ability of consumers to access disclosure information by these means. This communication analyzes survey responses from 525 adults to investigate whether U.S. consumers are able to obtain information as per the disclosure methods allowed in the Federal legislation. The survey probes deeper to investigate consumer perceptions of genetically modified organisms and whether consumers would use the tools available to access disclosure about bioengineered ingredients. Findings from the survey show that 93.8% of respondents have the ability to access information via the disclosure methods permitted. Those in the lowest income group, and from the oldest age group are least likely to have such access. This provides the United State Department of Agriculture with information relevant to how they can implement the law and highlights particular demographic segments that may require additional attention to ensure the disclosed information is universally accessible.
Monitoring Approach to Evaluate the Performances of a New Deposition Nozzle Solution for DED Systems
Authors: Mazzucato Federico , Tusacciu Simona , Lai Manuel , Biamino Sara , Lombardi Mariangela , Valente Anna
Published: May 2017

Abstract: In order to improve the process efficiency of a direct energy deposition (DED) system, closed loop control systems can be considered for monitoring the deposition and melting processes and adjusting the process parameters in real-time. In this paper, the monitoring of a new deposition nozzle solution for DED systems is approached through a simulation-experimental comparison. The shape of the powder flow at the exit of the nozzle outlet and the spread of the powder particles on the deposition plane are analyzed through 2D images of the powder flow obtained by monitoring the powder depositions with a high-speed camera. These experimental results are then compared with data obtained through a Computational Fluid Dynamics model. Preliminary tests are carried out by varying powder, carrier, and shielding mass flow, demonstrating that the last parameter has a significant influence on the powder distribution and powder flow geometry.
Indicators of health behavior of drivers and riders in the countryside of Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Nascimento Ellany Gurgel Cosme do , Cavalcanti Marília Abrantes Fernandes , Pessoa Júnior João Mário , Fernandes Niedja Cibegne da S. , Silva Rafael Tavares Silveira , Sena Rômulo Mágnus de Castro , Alchieri João Carlos
Published: May 2017

Objective: to verify habits and behavior of the drivers and their correlation to the usage of safety equipment. 

Method: cross-sectional study using a household survey of an explanatory nature. Community health workers conducted interviews in 3,482  of Caraúbas, state of Rio Grande do Norte. 

Results: there is a low adherence to wearing traffic safety equipment, specifically seatbelt and helmet, and the population does not understand the continuous usage as a healthy behavior. The association with socioeconomic variables shows the evidence of groups possibly more vulnerable to accidents than others. Stands out the low adherence of safety equipment while moving around the city, possibly due to the misunderstanding of the risks, justified by the short distances of the rides and the not policed streets. 

Conclusion: The increase of the powered mobility due to the improvement of the population’s income, the low adherence of the seatbelt and helmet and the ineffectiveness of the government oversight make the situation a serious public health problem.
Factors associated with uremic pruritus
Authors: Gobo-Oliveira Mariele , Pigari Vitoria G , Ogata Matheus S.P. , Miot Hélio A. , Ponce Daniela , Abbade Luciana P.F.
Published: May 2017

Background: The etiopathogenesis of uremic pruritus (UP) is multifactorial aspect, and it is thus necessary to elucidate its associated factors to develop efficient therapeutics approaches. This study aimed to verify the prevalence of UP and its associated factors.

Methods and Findings: Prospective and cross-sectional study with patients undergoing hemodialysis at a university public hospital. The data were obtained between April 2014 and April 2015. The statistical analysis was carried out using multivariate regression models, and statistical significance was set at p<0.05. A total of 164 patients were included, and pruritus was reported in 64 (39%). In the multivariate analysis, a higher creatinine level was risk factor for pruritus (β=1.09, 95% CI 1.00-1.19; p=0.048), as was a lower level of hemoglobin (β=0.85, 95% CI 0.73-0.99; p=0.043). Dyslipidemia (β=1.52, 95% CI 0.12-2.91; p=0.03), obesity (β=2.40, 95% CI 1.03-3.78; p=0.001), higher levels of C-reactive protein (β=0.26, 95% CI 0.19-0.34; p<0.001) and black race (β=1.49, 95% CI -2.57 and 0.42; p<0.006) were associated with a greater intensity of pruritus. The use of a high-flux dialyzer was associated with a lower intensity of pruritus (β=-1.69, 95% CI -3.05-0.34; p=0.01).

Conclusion: Uremic pruritus has a high prevalence in hemodialysis patients, and the data suggest that the higher the creatinine and the lower the hemoglobin levels are, the greater the risk of developing pruritus is. Dyslipidemia, obesity, and higher levels of C-reactive protein were associated with a greater intensity of pruritus, whereas the use of a high-flux dialyzer was associated with lower pruritus intensity.
The Influence of Orbital Resonances on the Water Transport to Objects in the Circumprimary Habitable Zone of Binary Star Systems
Authors: Bancelin David , Pilat-Lohinger Elke , Maindl Thomas I. , Ragossnig Florian , Schäfer Christoph
Published: May 2017

We investigate the role of secular and mean motion resonances on the water transport from a belt of icy asteroids onto planets or embryos orbiting inside the circumprimary habitable zone (HZ) of a binary star system. In addition, the host-star has an accompanying gas giant planet. For a comparison, we perform two case studies where a secular resonance (SR) is located either inside the HZ close to 1.0 au (causing eccentric motion of a planet or embryos therein) or in the asteroid belt, beyond the snow line. In the latter case, a higher flux of icy objects moving toward the HZ is expected. Collisions between asteroids and objects in the HZ are treated analytically. Our purely dynamical study shows that the SR in the HZ boosts the water transport; however, collisions can occur at very high impact speeds. In this paper, we treat for the first time, realistic collisions using a GPU 3D-SPH code to assess the water loss in the projectile. Including the water loss into the dynamical results, we get more realistic values for the water mass fraction of the asteroid during an impact. We highlight that collisions occurring at high velocities greatly reduce the water content of the projectile and thus the amount of water transported to planets or embryos orbiting inside the HZ. Moreover, we discuss other effects that could modify our results, namely the asteroid’s surface rate recession due to ice sublimation and the atmospheric drag contribution on the asteroids’ mass loss.