bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated analysis of long noncoding RNA interactions reveals the potential role in progression of human papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: You Xin , Zhao Yixin , Sui Jing , Shi Xianbiao , Sun Yulu , Xu Jiahan , Liang Geyu , Xu Qingxiang , Yao Yongzhong
Published: October 2018

Recent scientific evidence has suggested that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important part in tumorigenesis as an important member of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). Hundreds of RNA sequence data and relevant clinic information are freely accessible in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. However, the role of cancer‐related lncRNAs in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is not fully understood yet. In this study, we identified 461 RNA sequencing data from TCGA. Subsequently, 45 lncRNAs, 21 miRNAs, and 78 mRNAs were chosen to construct a ceRNA network of PTC. Then, we analyzed the correlation between these 45 PTC‐specific lncRNAs and clinic features and patient outcome. Thirty‐seven of these lncRNAs were found to be closely related to age, race, gender, lymph node metastasis, TNM staging system, and patient outcome. Additionally, three of them were linked to PTC patient overall survival. Eventually, we selected eight lncRNAs randomly and performed quantificational real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) in 28 newly diagnosed patients with PTC to verify the reliability of the above results. The results of qRT‐PCR are totally in agreement with the bioinformatics analysis. Additionally, it was found that HAND2‐AS1 was negatively related to tumor size (P < 0.05). The results were consistent with the bioinformatics analysis in TCGA. Taken together, we identified the differentially expressed lncRNAs and constructed a PTC ceRNA network. The study provides a new perspective and supplement for our understanding of lncRNAs in PTC development and reveals potential diagnostic and prognostic markers in PTC.
A prospective analysis of symptom burden for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase treated with frontline second‐ and third‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Zulbaran‐Rojas Alejandro , Lin Huei‐Kan , Shi Qiuling , Williams Loretta A. , George Binsah , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Jabbour Elias , O’Brien Susan , Ravandi Farhad , Wierda William , Estrov Zeev , Borthakur Gautam , Kadia Tapan , Cleeland Charles , Cortes Jorge E. , Kantarjian Hagop
Published: October 2018

Background

Treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is effective but needs to continue for several years, possibly indefinitely. Although generally safe, TKI may have hitherto poorly recognized effects in the quality of life (QoL) of such patients.

Methods

We prospectively measured the symptom burden of patients with chronic phase CML enrolled on frontline TKI trials with dasatinib, nilotinib, or ponatinib. A total of 219 patients were enrolled and filled out the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI)‐CML questionnaire before the start of therapy and during follow‐up at defined time points of 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months.

Results

The median age was 50 years. Longitudinal analysis showed relatively stable symptom severity scores over time. Fatigue was the most common symptom in all three cohorts, both prior to the start of therapy and during therapy, including after achievement of deep molecular remission. Work was the most affected component of daily living. Overall patients tolerated therapy well with improvement of their symptoms from baseline, with few dose reductions related to toxicity or symptomatology. Although 31% of the patients who completed MDASI‐CML achieved complete molecular remission by 24 months of treatment, nearly 90% experienced persistent mild symptoms.

Conclusion

Side effects related to TKIs may impact the quality of life in patients with CML‐CP. Further studies should investigate factors (comorbidities, concomitant medications, dose and schedule, etc) associated with these symptoms and interventions that may improve the patients’ QoL, including treatment discontinuation when safely feasible.
Fc‐gamma receptor polymorphisms, cetuximab therapy, and overall survival in the CCTG CO.20 trial of metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Shepshelovich Daniel , Townsend Amanda R. , Espin‐Garcia Osvaldo , Latifovic Lidija , O’Callaghan Chris J. , Jonker Derek J. , Tu Dongsheng , Chen Eric , Morgen Eric , Price Timothy J. , Shapiro Jeremy , Siu Lillian L. , Kubo Michiaki , Dobrovic Alexander , Ratain Mark J. , Xu Wei , Mushiroda Taisei , Liu Geoffrey
Published: October 2018

Background

Two germ line Fc‐γ receptor (FCGR) polymorphisms, rs1801274 [FCGR2A; His(H)131Arg(R)] and rs396991 [FCGR3A; Phe(F)158Val(V)], produce altered proteins through amino acid substitutions. We previously reported that the FCGR2A H/H genotype was associated with longer overall survival (OS) in cetuximab‐treated chemotherapy‐refractory patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Here, we aimed to replicate and extend this finding in the Canadian Clinical Trials Group CO.20 trial.

Methods

After germ line DNA genotyping, polymorphic relationships with survival were assessed using log‐rank tests and hazard ratios (HR) from Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for known prognostic factors. The dominant genetic inheritance model was used for the main analysis.

Results

Of 592 wild‐type KRAS patients treated with cetuximab, those with the FCGR2A H/H genotype (n = 165, 28%) had improved OS (HR: 0.66, P < 0.001; median absolute benefit, 1.3 months) compared to those with R/‐ genotype (n = 427, 72%). Patients with H/R had intermediate results under a codominant genetic inheritance model (HR: 0.72, P = 0.003). No significant associations were found between FCGR3A genotype and OS. In an exploratory analysis, patients with the combination of FCGR2A H/H + FCGR3A F/F genotype had significantly better OS (HR: 0.33, P = 0.003; median absolute benefit, 12.5 months) than patients with the combination of double‐variant R/R + V/V genotype. Progression‐free survival results were similar to OS. Toxicity rates were not associated with either polymorphism.

Conclusions

The FCGR2A genotype was associated with efficacy but not with toxicity in wild‐type KRAS, cetuximab‐treated colorectal cancer patients. FCGR3A genotype may modulate the relationship between FCGR2A polymorphism and outcome. FCGR2A is a promising biomarker for clinical management for these patients.
Tumorigenic PVT‐1 gene locus is governed by miR‐2909 RNomics
Authors: Wani Sameena , Kaul Deepak
Published: October 2018

Genomic regulation and functional significance of PVT‐1 gene locus, in the MYC‐driven cancers, has remained enigmatic ever since its discovery. With the present study, an attempt is made to establish that cellular AATF genome encoded miR‐2909 RNomics pathway involving crucial genes coding for KLF4, Deptor, mTORC1, STAT3, and p53 has the inherent capacity to ensure sustained co‐amplification of PVT‐1 gene locus together with c‐Myc gene. Based upon these results, we propose that miR‐2909 RNomics pathway may play a crucial role in the regulation of tumorigenic PVT‐1 gene locus.
Structural Insight into H‐NOX Gas Sensing and Cognate Signaling Protein Regulation
Authors: Guo Yirui , Marletta Michael A.
Published: October 2018

Heme‐nitric oxide/oxygen binding (H‐NOX) proteins are a family of gas‐binding hemoproteins that bind diatomic gas ligands such as nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen (O2). In bacteria, H‐NOXs are often associated with signaling partners, including histidine kinases (HKs), diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) or methyl‐accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), either as a stand‐alone protein or as a domain of a larger polypeptide. H‐NOXs regulate the activity of cognate signaling proteins through ligand‐induced conformational changes in the H‐NOX domain and protein/protein interactions between the H‐NOX and the cognate signaling partner. This review summarizes recent progress toward deciphering the molecular mechanism of bacterial H‐NOX activation and the subsequent regulation of H‐NOX‐associated cognate sensor proteins from a structural and biochemical point of view.
Enhanced Supercapacitive Performance of MnCO3@rGO in an Electrolyte with KI as Additive
Authors: Li Hua , Wu Xiaozhong , Zhou Jin , Liu Yuxiang , Huang Ming , Xing Wei , Yan Zifeng , Zhuo Shuping
Published: October 2018

MnCO3@rGO (GM) was synthesized through a facile one‐pot hydrothermal process with graphene oxide and KMnO4 as precursors. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that the prepared MnCO3 possesses a high crystallinity with a grain size of 28.4 nm. To improve the capacitive performance of GM, KI was added to the Na2SO4 electrolyte as a redox additive. Electrochemical measurements show that the specific capacitance of GM in KI additive electrolyte could reach up to 546 F g−1 at the current density of 0.5 A g−1. This value is 8 times larger than that (61 F g−1) in Na2SO4 electrolyte at the same current density. The elevated specific capacitance is attributed to the presence of I−, which can bring about significant pseudocapacitance through the redox couples of I−/I3− and I−/IO3− as confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. GM also possesses a capacitance retention ratio of around 103 % after 2000 cyclic voltammetry measurements, suggesting a superior cycling stability.
Simultaneous Modulation of Composition and Oxygen Vacancies on Hierarchical ZnCo2O4/Co3O4/NC‐CNT Mesoporous Dodecahedron for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ma Yangde , Yang Yang , Dai Xiaoping , Luan Xuebin , Yong Jiaxi , Qiao Hongyan , Zhao Huihui , Cui Meilin , Zhang Xin , Huang Xingliang
Published: October 2018

Electrochemical water splitting is a promising way for the sustainable production of hydrogen, but the efficiency of the overall water‐splitting reaction largely depends on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) because of its sluggish kinetics. Herein, a series of hierarchical ZnCo2O4/Co3O4/NC‐CNT (NC‐CNT=nitrogen‐rich carbon nanotube) mesoporous dodecahedrons grafted to carbon nanotubes have been synthesized from ZnCo bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZnCo‐ZIFs) through sequential pyrolysis in nitrogen and mild oxidation in air. The simultaneous modulation of oxygen vacancies, composition, and hierarchical mesoporous architecture remarkably enhanced their electronic conduction and the amount and reactivity of accessible actives; thus boosting their intrinsic activity in the OER. The optimal ZnCo2O4/Co3O4/NC‐CNT‐700 sample exhibited a large current density of 50 mA cm−2 at a potential of 1.65 V, a small Tafel slope of 88.5 mV dec−1, and superior stability in alkaline media. This work should provide a facile strategy for the rational design of advanced OER catalysts by simultaneous engineering of oxygen vacancies and composition.
Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of (R)‐(+)‐ and (S)‐(−)‐rabeprazole in human using chiral LC‐MS/MS after administration of rabeprazole sodium enteric‐coated tablet
Authors: Sun Lu‐Ning , Shen Yi‐Wen , Ying Yu‐Wen , Li Duo , Li Teng‐Fei , Zhang Xue‐Hui , Zhao Ping , Ding Li , Wang Yong‐Qing
Published: October 2018

Rabeprazole is an effective proton pump inhibitor to treat acid‐related diseases. To achieve the simultaneous determination of rabeprazole enantiomers in human plasma, a chiral LC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated. Acetonitrile including 0.1% ammonium were used as protein precipitating agent. Analytes were separated within 8 minutes on a Chiralpak IC column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was 10 mM ammonium acetate including 0.2% acetic acid‐acetonitrile (35:65, v/v). An API 4000 mass spectrometer was used as detector for the analysis, and the multiple reactions monitoring transitions of m/z 360.1 → 242.2 and 346.1 → 198.1 were opted for quantifying rabeprazole enantiomers and internal standard. Matrix effects were not apparent for each enantiomer and internal standard (esomeprazole), the calibration curves were linear over the concentration of 0.500 to 400 ng·mL−1, the intra‐run precisions were below 5.4%, the inter‐run precisions were below 9.9%, and the accuracy was between −9.2% and 9.3%. There was no chiral inversion observed during sample storage, preparation procedure, and analysis, demonstrating that analytes were stable in this study. This method was applied to the stereoselective pharmacokinetic study of (R)‐(+)‐ and (S)‐(−)‐rabeprazole after oral administration of 10‐mg rabeprazole sodium enteric‐coated tablet in healthy Chinese subjects.
Generalizing Countercurrent Processes: Distillation and Beyond
Authors: Münzberg Stephan , Vu Truong Giang , Seidel‐Morgenstern Andreas
Published: October 2018

The implementation and exploitation of countercurrent movement between different phases is a well‐established principle to enhance the performance of separation processes. The improvements are essentially due to the establishment and application of more favorable driving forces compared to co‐current operation. The success of dedicated multistage countercurrent distillation processes has been a key motivator for the development of many other principles of countercurrent separation processes. This promoting aspect was strongly supported by the availability of graphical solutions of the underlying mass balance equations, e.g. the McCabe‐Thiele diagram. Selected applications of countercurrent separation processes are presented, which demonstrate extensions exploiting spatial and temporal sub‐structures and additional phase changes.
Protecting the gains: What changes are needed to prevent a reversal of the downward cardiovascular disease mortality trend?
Authors: Ortendahl Jesse D. , Diamant Allison L. , Toth Peter P. , Cherepanov Dasha , Harmon Amanda L. , Broder Michael S.
Published: October 2018

Aims

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has decreased over 60% over the past 50 years in the United States; however, emerging data indicate CVD incidence may be rising because of shifting demographics, increasing risk factor prevalence, and competing needs for limited resources. We projected CVD mortality from 2015 to 2040 given varying informed assumptions regarding changes in risk factor prevalence, uptake of current therapeutic options, and future innovations.

Methods

A microsimulation model was used to project US CVD mortality trends. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data were used to estimate population‐level trends in CVD risk factors. Risk factors were used to generate Framingham Risk Scores for cohorts of 1 000 000 individuals from the general population to determine each individuals' CVD risk. Annual cardiovascular incidence, prevalence, and mortality were projected for scenarios differing by uptake of current therapies, anticipated pharmaceutical innovations with variable efficacy, risk factor prevalence, and changes in health disparities.

Results

When incorporating a demographic shift, continued changes in risk factors, current treatment utilization, and no major innovations, we predicted the CVD mortality rate would increase 41% by 2040. If innovations providing incremental benefits equal to those associated with the introduction of statins are identified and widely utilized, CVD mortality could remain constant through 2040. With more efficacious innovations, CVD mortality could be further reduced.

Conclusions

Given demographic and risk prevalence changes, increasing access and adherence to current preventative therapeutics could slow the expected mortality increase, but new therapies may be needed to maintain the downward trend in CVD deaths.
A feasibility study of breast cancer genetic risk assessment in a federally qualified health center
Authors: Hoskins Kent F. , Tejeda Silvia , Vijayasiri Ganga , Chukwudozie Ifeanyi Beverly , Remo Mylene H. , Shah Hiral A. , Abraham Ivy E. , Balay Lara E. , Maga Tara K. , Searles Ericka R. , Korah Veena J. , Biggers Alana , Stolley Melinda R. , Warnecke Richard B.
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND

The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) endorses routine screening for genetic risk of breast and/or ovarian cancer as a component of primary health care. Implementation of this recommendation may prove challenging, especially in clinics serving disadvantaged communities.

METHODS

The authors tested the feasibility of implementing the USPSTF mandate at a federally qualified health center (FQHC) to identify women who were eligible for genetic counseling (GC). A 12‐month usual‐care phase was followed by a 12‐month intervention phase, during which time cancer genetic risk assessment (CGRA) was systematically performed for all women aged 25 to 69 years who presented for an annual examination. Women who were eligible for GC were recruited to participate in the study.

RESULTS

After initiating CGRA, 112 women who were eligible for GC consented to study participation, and 56% of them received a referral for GC from their primary care physician. A subgroup of 50 participants were seen by the same primary care physician during both the usual‐care and intervention phases. None of these patients was referred for GC during usual care, compared with 64% after the initiation of CGRA (P < .001). Only 16% of referred participants attended a GC session.

CONCLUSIONS

Implementing USPSTF recommendations for CGRA as a standard component of primary health care in FQHCs is feasible and improves referral of minority women for GC, but more work is needed to understand the beliefs and barriers that prevent many underserved women from accessing cancer genetic services.
Immunolocalization suggests a role of the histamine‐gated chloride channel PxHCLB in spectral opponent processing in butterfly photoreceptors
Authors: Chen Pei‐Ju , Matsushita Atsuko , Wakakuwa Motohiro , Arikawa Kentaro
Published: October 2018

Spectrally opponent responses, that is, wavelength‐dependent inversions of response polarity, have been observed at the level of photoreceptors in butterflies. As inter‐photoreceptor connections have been found in the butterfly Papilio xuthus, and histamine is the only neurotransmitter so far identified in insect photoreceptors, we hypothesize that histaminergic sign‐inverting synapses exist in the lamina between different spectral receptors as a mechanism for spectral opponency as in the medulla of Drosophila. Here, we localized two histamine‐gated chloride channels, PxHCLA (Drosophila Ort homolog) and PxHCLB (Drosophila HisCl1 homolog), in the visual system of Papilio xuthus by using specific antisera. The antiPxHCLA labeling was associated with the membrane of nonphotoreceptor cells that are postsynaptic to photoreceptors, while the antiPxHCLB labeling overlapped with photoreceptor axons, indicating that PxHCLB is expressed at inter‐photoreceptor synapses: PxHCLB is likely involved in producing spectral opponency at the first visual synapses. Color processing in Papilio may appear earlier than previously hypothesized in insect visual systems.
On Growth of Sobolev Norms for Energy Critical NLS on Irrational Tori: Small Energy Case
Authors: Deng Yu
Published: October 2018

We consider the energy‐critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation on a generic irrational torus. Using the long‐time Strichartz estimates proved in [8], we establish polynomial upper bounds for higher Sobolev norms for solutions with small energy. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hybrid context modeling and wavelet transform for region of interest detection and rate control based on VP9 video codec
Authors: Zhang Zhewei , Jing Tao , Tian Chunhua , Gao Meilin , Li Xuejing
Published: October 2018

Region of interest detection is a useful technique in video encoding. This work presents a model to distinguish region of interest area based on VP9 video codec. The model contains high motion, contrast, color sensitive areas which fits for human visual system. A hybrid detection algorithm, including Wavelet Transform and Context Modeling method, is proposed. The algorithm approximately reveals ROI details for the sake of pursuing computing time. In ROI‐based encoding, adjusting encoding parameters for region of interest (ROI) during the encoding procedure can bring turbulence in bits output, a rate control model is established in this work. We also design a rate control mechanism for ROI encoding mode both in CBR and VBR to maintain the output bit rate stable. The encoding parameter are set specifically in different ROI areas to improve both visual effects and PSNR. The proposed detection method and rate control mechanism work well in VP9 codec and contribute saving bits according to experimental results.
Driving characteristics of an electromagnet‐assisted ferrite magnet motor
Authors: Motoki Kazuki , Fukami Tadashi , Koyama Masato , Mori Takeshi , Yamada Masaki , Nakano Masatsugu
Published: October 2018

In this article, the driving characteristics of an electromagnet‐assisted ferrite magnet motor (EMaFM) are investigated using a 1.5‐kW prototype machine. The EMaFM is a new type of synchronous motor, which combines a ferrite magnet motor with an electromagnet motor. Finite element analysis and experimental results show the following. (1) A wide constant power range as well as high torque at low speeds can be achieved by assisting the torque with the built‐in electromagnet motor. (2) It is possible to reduce the losses and improve the efficiency by adjusting the field current according to the operating conditions.
Paramagnetic Chromium(II) Complexes and Chromium(IV) Nitrides with Bulky Alkylcyclopentadienyl Ligands
Authors: Gidt Wjatscheslaw , Smytschkow Igor , Sun Yu , Langer Jens , Böttcher Tobias , Kratzert Daniel , Klingele Julia , Oelkers Benjamin , Sitzmann Helmut
Published: October 2018

Easily available chromium(II) acetate was used for an entry into chromium chemistry: sodium tetraisopropylcyclopentadienide (Na4Cp), sodium 1,2,4‐tri(tert‐butyl)cyclopentadienide (NaCp′′′), or lithium pentaisopropylcyclopentadienide (Li5Cp) convert the acetate to the acetate‐bridged dimers [4CpCr(µ‐OOCCH3)]2 (1a), [Cp′′′Cr(µ‐OOCCH3)]2 (1b), or [5CpCr(µ‐OOCCH3)]2 (1c) in yields well above 70 %. These acetates could be converted into the halide‐bridged dimers [4CpCr(µ‐Cl)]2 (2a), [4CpCr(µ‐Br)]2 (3a), [Cp′′′Cr(µ‐Br)]2 (3b), or [5CpCr(µ‐Br)]2 (3c), [4CpCr(µ‐I)]2 (4a), or [Cp′′′Cr(µ‐I)]2 (4b) with the corresponding trimethylsilyl halides in nearly quantitative yield. With bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfate the acetate 1a gave crude bis(tetraisopropylcyclopentadienylchromium)sulfate (5a). From the bromide 3b and sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide the mononuclear chromium(II) silylamide [Cp′′′CrN(SiMe3)2(THF)] (7b) was obtained as a tetrahydrofuran adduct. Upon reaction with sodium azide, the iodide 4a afforded the tetranuclear chromium(IV) nitride cubane [(4CpCr)3(µ3‐N)4CrOH] (8a) after extraction with heptane containing traces of water. The analogous chromium nitride derivative [(Cp′′′Cr)3(µ3‐N)4CrBr] (9b) was obtained from the bromide 3b and sodium azide.
The analgesic efficacy of morphine varies with rat strain and experimental pain model: implications for target validation efforts in pain drug discovery
Authors: Hestehave Sara , Abelson Klas S. P. , Brønnum Pedersen Tina , Munro Gordon
Published: October 2018

Background

Translating efficacy of analgesic drugs from animal models to humans remains challenging. Reasons are multifaceted, but lack of sufficiently rigorous preclinical study design criteria and phenotypically relevant models may be partly responsible. To begin to address this fundamental issue, we assessed the analgesic efficacy of morphine in three inbred rat strains (selected based on stress reactivity and affective/pain phenotypes), and outbred Sprague Dawley (SD) rats supplied from two vendors.

Methods

Sensitivity to morphine (0.3–6.0 mg/kg, s.c.) was evaluated in the hot plate test of acute thermal nociception, the Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) model of inflammatory‐induced mechanical hyperalgesia, and in a locomotor motility assay in male rats from the following strains; Lewis (LEW), Fischer (F344), Wistar Kyoto (WKY), and SD's from Envigo and Charles River.

Results

F344 and SD rats were similarly sensitive to morphine in hot plate and CFA‐induced inflammatory hyperalgesia (Minimum Effective Dose (MED) = 3.0 mg/kg). WKY rats developed a less robust mechanical hypersensitivity after CFA injection, and were less sensitive to morphine in both pain tests (MED = 6.0 mg/kg). LEW rats were completely insensitive to morphine in the hot plate test, in contrast to the reversal of CFA‐induced hyperalgesia (MED = 3.0 mg/kg). All strains exhibited a dose‐dependent reduction in locomotor activity at 3.0–6.0 mg/kg.

Conclusion

Sensory phenotyping in response to acute thermal and inflammatory‐induced pain, and sensitivity to morphine in various inbred and outbred rat strains indicates that different pathophysiological mechanisms are engaged after injury. This could have profound implications for translating preclinical drug discovery efforts into pain patients.

Significance

The choice of rat strain used in preclinical pain research can profoundly affect the outcome of experiments in relation to (a) nociceptive threshold responses, and (b) efficacy to analgesic treatment, in assays of acute and tonic inflammatory nociceptive pain.
Associations of food addiction and nonsuicidal self‐injury among women with an eating disorder: A common strategy for regulating emotions?
Authors: Carlson Lily , Steward Trevor , Agüera Zaida , Mestre‐Bach Gemma , Magaña Pablo , Granero Roser , Jiménez‐Murcia Susana , Claes Laurence , Gearhardt Ashley N. , Menchón José M. , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando
Published: October 2018

Objective

We examined the association between lifetime nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI), emotion regulation, and food addiction (FA) in women (n = 220) with eating disorders (ED) compared with (n = 121) healthy controls (HC).

Method

Participants were assessed via face‐to‐face interviews for ED diagnosis and lifetime NSSI. FA was assessed with Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 and emotion regulation using the Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS).

Results

The prevalence of FA was significantly higher among women with an ED when compared with HC (75.9% vs. 4.1%, p < 0.001). Similarly, subjects presenting FA showed a high prevalence of lifetime NSSI, in both ED and HC (40.7% and 60.0%, respectively). Our predictive model revealed FA and DERS total scores as indicators of the presence of lifetime NSSI independent of group assignment, ED diagnosis, and age.

Conclusions

These findings suggest a shared aetiology between ED, NSSI, and FA, explained possibly in part by emotion‐regulation deficits.
Association of raisin and raisin‐containing food consumption with nutrient intake and diet quality in US children: NHANES 2001‐2012
Authors: Fulgoni Victor L. , Painter James , Carughi Arianna
Published: October 2018

Background

Raisins are a commonly consumed dried fruit and given their nutrient profile may offer nutritional and health benefits.

Objective

To examine the association between consumption of raisins and raisin‐containing foods with nutrient intake and dietary quality in children.

Methods

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for 2001–2012 in those 2–18 years of age (n = 20,175) were used. Consumers of raisins (n = 154, 51.6% female) and raisin‐containing foods (n = 1,993, 52.5% female) were defined as reporting any consumption of raisins and raisin‐containing foods, respectively, during the first 24‐hr diet recall. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)‐2010. Regression analyses were conducted comparing consumers and nonconsumers using appropriate sample weights and adjusted for demographic and lifestyle covariates with significance set at p < 0.01.

Results

Regarding “nutrients of public health concern/shortfall nutrients” and “nutrients to limit,” raisin consumers had higher intakes of dietary fiber (23%), potassium (16%), magnesium (12%) with lower intakes of added sugars (−19%) than nonconsumers. Similarly, consumers of raisin‐containing foods also had higher intakes of dietary fiber (15%), potassium (5%), magnesium (11%), iron (6%), vitamin A (10%), and vitamin E (13%) and lower intake of sodium (−5%). Consumers of raisin and raisin‐containing foods had higher intakes of fruits (60%, 16%, respectively), whole fruits (119%, 23%, respectively) and whole grains (44%, 93%, respectively) and had a better diet quality as per higher total HEI 2010 scores (22%, 8%, respectively) than nonconsumers.

Conclusion

In conclusion, consumption of raisins or raisin‐containing foods was associated with better nutrient intake and diet quality in American children.
Artificial Mushroom Sponge Structure for Highly Efficient and Inexpensive Cold‐Water Steam Generation
Authors: Gao Xiujun , Lan Haihang , Li Songru , Lu Xubing , Zeng Min , Gao Xingsen , Wang Qianming , Zhou Guofu , Liu Jun‐Ming , Naughton Michael J. , Kempa Krzysztof , Gao Jinwei
Published: October 2018

A bioinspired structure of an artificial mushroom, made of the common polyvinyl alcohol sponge coated with charcoal, is fabricated, with high efficiency in generating cold water steam of ≈73% under 1 sun illumination, due to very high light absorption, efficient water supply, and low heat loss. In addition, the structure is very inexpensive, and thus ideal for applications in portable cold (boil‐free) steam generators for water purification and desalination.
Turbidite, debrite, and hybrid event beds in submarine lobe deposits of the Palaeocene to middle Eocene Kapit and Pelagus members, Belaga Formation, Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Kuswandaru Galih Yudha , Amir Hassan Meor H. , Matenco Liviu C. , Taib Nur I. , Mustapha Khairul A.
Published: October 2018

Turbiditic flysch units of the Rajang Group form a large crescentic belt of deformed strata in central Borneo. Unfortunately, our understanding of its bed type characteristics and depositional setting is very poor. Here, we present a detailed bed type analysis of the Palaeocene to middle Eocene Kapit and Pelagus members of the Belaga Formation, based on detailed investigations of recent road‐cut exposures around Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia. Five bed types are identified from the studied sections, representing deposition from turbidity currents, debris flows, and flows that show turbulent and laminar characteristics. The Belaga Formation deposits are divided into four bed type associations based on bed type assemblages, bed geometry, degree of bed amalgamation, vertical grain size, and bed thickness trends, for example, lobe axis, lobe off‐axis, lobe fringe, and slump. Hybrid event beds (HEBs) are not restricted only to the lobe fringe but are also a common element of the lobe axis sub‐environment in the Belaga Formation system. Their common occurrence in a proximal location in the lobes is probably due to enhanced seafloor erosion and rapid deceleration due to loss of confinement at the channel lobe transition further up‐dip. Evidence such as bidirectional ripple cross‐lamination in thin‐bedded turbidites and variable palaeocurrent orientations suggest a complex depositional topography, which also suppressed flow turbulence and promoted deposition of hybrid event beds in proximal locations through deflection and deceleration of incoming flows by confining counter slopes. Similar bed type assemblages within the slump and lobe deposits indicate a local origin for the slumps. Localized failures can form on low gradient slopes developed in tectonically active basins with complex topography.
Prioritization of Therapeutic Targets and Trial Design in Cirrhotic Portal Hypertension
Authors: Abraldes Juan G. , Trebicka Jonel , Chalasani Naga , D’Amico Gennaro , Rockey Don C. , Shah Vijay H. , Bosch Jaime , Garcia‐Tsao Guadalupe
Published: October 2018

Portal hypertension (PH) is the main driver of cirrhosis decompensation, the main determinant of death in patients with cirrhosis. PH results initially from increased intrahepatic vascular resistance. Subsequently, increased inflow from splanchnic vasodilation and increased cardiac output lead to a further increase in portal pressure (PP). Reducing PP in cirrhosis results in better outcomes. Removing the cause of cirrhosis might improve PP. However, this is a slow process and patients may continue to be at risk of decompensation. Additionally, for some chronic liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), etiological treatments are not yet available. Therefore, there is a need to develop better therapies specifically aimed at reducing PP. For over 35 years, the mainstay of such therapy has been the use of nonselective beta‐blockers (NSBBs) that act by reducing portal venous inflow. Recently, many drugs (mainly targeting intrahepatic mechanisms) have shown promise in preclinical and early clinical studies and may act alone or synergistically with NSBBs in reducing PP in cirrhosis. The objective of this position paper is to propose a novel framework for the design of clinical trials (phase 1, 2, and 3) in patients with cirrhosis and PH and to prioritize targets and pharmacological therapies in this setting. We have focused the discussion on patients with compensated cirrhosis. The paper summarizes discussions held at The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Industry Colloquium in January 2018, with the participation of clinical and translational investigators, regulatory professionals, and industry partners.
Serum‐plasma matched metabolomics for comprehensive characterization of benign thyroid nodule and papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Huang Feng‐Qing , Li Jing , Jiang Lin , Wang Feng‐Xiang , Alolga Raphael N. , Wang Ma‐Jie , Min Wen‐Jian , Ma Gaoxiang , Zhao Yi‐Jing , Wang Shi‐Lei , Yu Yuan , Chen Xiang , Zhu Danxia , Zhu Jun , Wang Guangzhou , Xia Tiansong , Sang Jian‐Feng , Lai Mao‐De , Li Ping , Zhu Wei , Qi Lian‐Wen
Published: October 2018

Metabolomics offers a noninvasive methodology to identify metabolic markers for pathogenesis and diagnosis of diseases. This work aimed to characterize circulating metabolic signatures of benign thyroid nodule (BTN) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) via serum‐plasma matched metabolomics. A cohort of 1,540 serum‐plasma matched samples and 114 tissues were obtained from healthy volunteers, BTN and PTC patients enrolled from 6 independent centers. Untargeted metabolomics was determined by liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometric and multivariate statistical analyses. The use of serum‐plasma matched samples afforded a broad‐scope detection of 1,570 metabolic features. Metabolic phenotypes revealed significant pattern differences for healthy versus BTN and healthy versus PTC. Perturbed metabolic pathways related mainly to amino acid and lipid metabolism. It is worth noting that, BTN and PTC showed no significant differences but rather overlap in circulating metabolic signatures, and this observation was replicated in all study centers. For differential diagnosis of healthy versus thyroid nodules (BTN + PTC), a panel of 6 metabolic markers, namely myo‐inositol, α‐N‐phenylacetyl‐L‐glutamine, proline betaine, L‐glutamic acid, LysoPC(18:0) and LysoPC(18:1) provided area under the curve of 97.68% in the discovery phase and predictive accuracies of 84.78–98.18% in the 4 validation centers. Taken together, serum‐plasma matched metabolomics showed significant differences in circulating metabolites for healthy versus nodules but not for BTN versus PTC. Our results highlight the true metabolic nature of thyroid nodules, and potentially decrease overtreatment that exposes patients to unnecessary risks.
Reinforcing materials for polymeric tissue engineering scaffolds: A review
Authors: Bakht Khosh Hagh Haleh , Farshi Azhar Fahimeh
Published: October 2018

Final purpose of tissue engineering is to regenerate or repair damaged tissues or organs. Desired repair efficacy necessitates proper physicochemical performances of scaffolds, among which adequate mechanical properties are crucial. Therefore, reinforcing tissue engineering scaffolds has been a hot research trend in recent years. In this regard, the use of some biomaterials as reinforcing materials is a longstanding area of interest. This article introduces the most popular reinforcing materials and focuses on recent advances in the use of these materials for reinforcing mechanical properties of tissue engineering scaffolds. A classification based on materials nature, for example, bioceramics, clays, carbon‐based materials, and metal oxides, is provided, followed by their effects on scaffolds properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1560–1575, 2019.
The effects of substrate‐mediated electrical stimulation on the promotion of osteogenic differentiation and its optimization
Authors: Hu Wei‐Wen , Chen Tun‐Chi , Tsao Chia‐Wen , Cheng Yu‐Che
Published: October 2018

To explore the effect of electrical stimulation (ES) on osteogenesis, a polypyrrole (PPy)‐made electrical culture system was developed to provide a direct‐current electric field (DCEF). This DCEF device was applied to treat differentiated rat bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSCs) once in different stages of osteo‐differentation to investigate its temporal effects. The mineralization results showed that the DCEF treatment not only accelerated cell differentiation but also promoted the saturation levels, and the ES on day 8 was the group demonstrated the optimal result. The gene regulation analysis indicated that the DCEF treatment immediately increased the levels of genes related to osteo‐differentiation, especially Runx2. Because Runx2 is a crucial transcriptional factor of osteogenesis, the ES‐caused improvement of mineralization was likely contributed by the extension of its expression. Further, different ES modes were investigated of their efficacy on bone matrix deposition. Square waves with different parameters including frequency, offset, amplitude, and duty cycle were systematically examined. In contrast to constant voltage, square waves demonstrated periodical changes of current through substrate to significantly improve mineralization, and the efficiencies highly depended on both frequency and intensity. Through this comprehensive study, DCEF treating condition was optimized, which should be beneficial to its application on osteogenesis promotion. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1607–1619, 2019.
Weathering the storm: A case of thyroid storm refractory to conventional treatment benefiting from therapeutic plasma exchange
Authors: Wyble Aaron J. , Moore Steven C. , Yates Sean G.
Published: October 2018

Thyroid storm is a severe manifestation of thyrotoxicosis characterized by systemic organ dysfunction secondary to a hypermetabolic state. Although antithyroid drugs, steroids, beta‐blockers, antipyretics, and cholestyramine are the standard of care, some patients inadequately respond to these conventional therapies. Therapeutic plasma exchange has been previously utilized as a treatment modality in patients with a poor response to routine therapies or with contraindications to them. Herein, we report our experience with the management of a case of thyroid storm refractory to conventional treatment but responsive to therapeutic plasma exchange.
Retracted: Overexpression of microRNA‐590‐3p promotes the proliferation of and inhibits the apoptosis of myocardial cells through inhibition of the NF‐κB signaling pathway by binding to RIPK1
Authors: Zhao Can , Jiang Jing , Wang Yong‐Liang , Wu Yong‐Quan
Published: October 2018

Ischemic heart disease is widely considered as a major health threat, which causes a high number of deaths every year worldwide. Much evidence has shown that oxidative stress (OS) is implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI). This study aims to evaluate the effect of miR‐590‐3p on the OS of IRI mice through the nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway by targeting receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1). IRI mouse models were established for extracting myocardial tissues and isolating myocardial cells. The expression of inflammatory related‐factors was detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in tissues were determined. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to assess the role of miR‐590‐3p in the expression of NF‐κB‐related factors and apoptosis‐related factors. Besides, the regulatory effects of miR‐590‐3p on myocardial cell proliferation and apoptosis were also assessed. According to the obtained results, we found that IRI mice displayed higher expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, and interferon‐γ, lower expression of IL‐10 in serum, a decreased SOD level, and an increased MDA level. In addition, RIPK1 was determined as a target gene of miR‐590‐3p. After transfection of overexpressed miR‐590‐3p or si‐RIPK1, declined RIPK1, NF‐κB, Toll‐like receptor 4, caspase‐3, FasL, p53, and c‐myc levels, increased B‐cell lymphoma‐2 level, promoted cell proliferation, promoted cell cycle distribution and inhibited apoptosis of myocardial cells were found. Our study demonstrates that miR‐590‐3p can alleviate the OS of IRI mice through the inhibition of the RIPK1 and NF‐κB signaling pathway. Thus, miR‐590‐3p represents a potential target for IRI repair.
Selective beta‐blocker esmolol improves cerebral cortex microcirculation in a swine ventricular fibrillation model
Authors: Li Zhenhua , Yuan Wei , Li Jie , Li Jiebin , Wu Junyuan , Zhao Yongzhen , Li Chunsheng
Published: October 2018

Objective

This study aimed to identify whether esmolol attenuates cerebral cortex microcirculation blood flow due to epinephrine in prolonged ventricular fibrillation (VF) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and may improve neurological prognosis.

Methods

Male pigs were randomized into the esmolol+epinephrine group (group EE), the epinephrine group (group EP), and the normal saline group (group NS) (n = 8 each group). Untreated VF for 8 minutes was induced in pigs. After CPR for 2 minutes, group EE received esmolol (500 µg/kg)+epinephrine (20 µg/kg), group EP received epinephrine 20 µg/kg, and group NS received 5 mL normal saline. Then, a 120 J electric shock was delivered. If the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) failed, epinephrine (20 µg/kg) was repeated in group EP and EE, followed by another 2 minutes of CPR, a 150 J electric shock was delivered every 2 minutes until ROSC. Cerebral microcirculation images were obtained at 0.5, 6, 12, and 24 hours by cranial windows after ROSC. Cerebral performance category scores and neurological deficit scores (NDS) were calculated. The frontal cortices were harvested after the animals were euthanized.

Results

The NDS, the perfused vessel density, and the microcirculatory ﬂow index of group EE were better than other two groups. The morphology of endothelial cells in the group EE remained intact; however, it was destroyed in the group EP.

Conclusions

Administration of esmolol with epinephrine may alleviate the impairment of cerebral microcirculation blood flow caused by the administration of epinephrine in prolonged VF and thereby improves neurological outcomes in a swine model.
Investigation of LINC00342 as a poor prognostic biomarker for human patients with non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Tang Huaping , Zhao Lei , Li Meng , Li Tingtian , Hao Yueqin
Published: October 2018

Cyclic long noncoding RNAs have recently become major players in cancer biology and can serve as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and as potential therapeutic targets. We explored circulating LINC00342 as a predictor of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The expression of LINC00342 in tissues, serum, PBMC, and NSCLC cell lines were screened by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A multistage validation and risk score formula detection analysis was used. The effect of LINC00342 on proliferation was assessed by MTT, p53, and PTEN pathways, which were analyzed by Western blot analysis. We found that LINC00342 was upregulated in the tissues, serum, and PBMC of patients with NSCLC. In addition, patients with higher LINC00342 expression levels were associated with poor overall survival. For the diagnosis of NSCLC, the specificity and sensitivity of LINC00342 were significantly higher than that of CYFRA 21‐1. Moreover, LINC00342 promoted proliferation by inhibiting the expression of p53 and PTEN proteins in NSCLC cell lines. Our study demonstrates that LINC00342 is involved in the development, and LINC00342 may be a potential diagnostic factor and a target for new therapies for future patients with NSCLC.
Inhibition of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase potentiates the apoptotic and antimetastatic effects of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors on metastatic DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells
Authors: Rencüzoğullari Özge , Arısan Elif Damla , Obakan Yerlikaya Pinar , Çoker Gürkan Ajda , Keskin Buse , Palavan Ünsal Narçin
Published: October 2018

Purvalanol and roscovitine are specific cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, which have antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on various types of cancer. Although, the apoptotic accomplishment of purvalanol and roscovitine was elucidated at the molecular level, the underlying exact of drug‐induced apoptosis through mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling still speculative. In addition, the role of CDK inhibitors in the downregulation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)‐mediated epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) remains unclear. Here, we investigated the potential effect of each CDK inhibitors on cell proliferation, migration, and generation of reactive oxygen species due to the inhibition of MAPKs in metastatic DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells. We reported that purvalanol and roscovitine induced mitochondria membrane potential loss–dependent apoptotic cell death, which was also characterized by activation of several caspases, cleavage of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 in DU145 and PC3 cells. Cotreatment of either purvalanol or roscovitine with ERK1/2 inhibitor, U0126, synergistically suppressed cell proliferation, and induced apoptotic action. Also, ERK1/2 inhibition potentiated the effect of each CDK inhibitor on the downregulation of EMT processes via increasing the epithelial marker and decreasing mesenchymal markers through reduction of Wnt signaling regulators in DU145 cells. This study provides biological evidence about purvalanol and roscovitine have apoptotic and antimetastatic effects via MAPK signaling on prostate cancer cell by activation of GSK3β signaling and inhibition of phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase/AKT (PI3K/AKT) pathways involved in the EMT process.
An eight‐long noncoding RNA expression signature for colorectal cancer patients’ prognosis
Authors: Zhang Lin , Chen Shuo , Wang Boxue , Su Yinan , Li Shuyuan , Liu Guisheng , Zhang Xipeng
Published: October 2018

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as important biomarkers of cancer progression. Here, we proposed to develop a lncRNA‐based signature with a prognostic value for colorectal cancer (CRC) overall survival (OS). Through mining microarray datasets, we analyzed the lncRNA expression profiles of 122 patients with CRC from Gene Expression Omnibus. Associations between lncRNA and CRC OS were firstly evaluated through univariate Cox regression analysis. A random survival forest method was applied for further screening of the lncRNA signature, which resulted in eight lncRNAs, including PEG3‐AS1, LOC100505715, MINCR, DBH‐AS1, LINC00664, FAM224A, LOC642852, and LINC00662. Combination of the eight lncRNAs weighted by their multivariate Cox regression coefficients formed a prognostic signature, through which, we could divide the 122 patients with CRC into two subgroups with significantly different OS. Good robustness of the lncRNA signature's prognostic value was verified through an independent data set consisting of 55 patients with CRC. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis indicated the potential association between high prognostic value and oxygen metabolism‐related processes. This result should indicate that lncRNAs could be a useful signature for CRC prognosis.