bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supraglacial lake drainage at a fast-flowing Greenlandic outlet glacier
Authors: Chudley Thomas R. , Christoffersen Poul , Doyle Samuel H. , Bougamont Marion , Schoonman Charlotte M. , Hubbard Bryn , James Mike R.
Published: December 2019

Supraglacial lake drainage events influence Greenland Ice Sheet dynamics on hourly to interannual timescales. However, direct observations are rare, and, to date, no in situ studies exist from fast-flowing sectors of the ice sheet. Here, we present observations of a rapid lake drainage event at Store Glacier, west Greenland, in 2018. The drainage event transported 4.8

×

10
6
m
3
of meltwater to the glacier bed in

∼

5 h, reducing the lake to a third of its original volume. During drainage, the local ice surface rose by 0.55 m, and surface velocity increased from 2.0 m

⋅

d
−1
to 5.3 m

⋅

d
−1
. Dynamic responses were greatest

∼

4 km downstream from the lake, which we interpret as an area of transient water storage constrained by basal topography. Drainage initiated, without any precursory trigger, when the lake expanded and reactivated a preexisting fracture that had been responsible for a drainage event 1 y earlier. Since formation, this fracture had advected

∼

500 m from the lake’s deepest point, meaning the lake did not fully drain. Partial drainage events have previously been assumed to occur slowly via lake overtopping, with a comparatively small dynamic influence. In contrast, our findings show that partial drainage events can be caused by hydrofracture, producing new hydrological connections that continue to concentrate the supply of surface meltwater to the bed of the ice sheet throughout the melt season. Our findings therefore indicate that the quantity and resultant dynamic influence of rapid lake drainages are likely being underestimated.
Molecular basis for allosteric regulation of the type 2 ryanodine receptor channel gating by key modulators
Authors: Chi Ximin , Gong Deshun , Ren Kang , Zhou Gewei , Huang Gaoxingyu , Lei Jianlin , Zhou Qiang , Yan Nieng
Published: December 2019

The type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is responsible for releasing Ca
2+
from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of cardiomyocytes, subsequently leading to muscle contraction. Here, we report 4 cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of porcine RyR2 bound to distinct modulators that, together with our published structures, provide mechanistic insight into RyR2 regulation. Ca
2+
alone induces a contraction of the central domain that facilitates the dilation of the S6 bundle but is insufficient to open the pore. The small-molecule agonist PCB95 helps Ca
2+
to overcome the barrier for opening. FKBP12.6 induces a relaxation of the central domain that decouples it from the S6 bundle, stabilizing RyR2 in a closed state even in the presence of Ca
2+
and PCB95. Although the channel is open when PCB95 is replaced by caffeine and adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), neither of the modulators alone can sufficiently counter the antagonistic effect to open the channel. Our study marks an important step toward mechanistic understanding of the sophisticated regulation of this key channel whose aberrant activity engenders life-threatening cardiac disorders.
An absence of lamin B1 in migrating neurons causes nuclear membrane ruptures and cell death
Authors: Chen Natalie Y. , Yang Ye , Weston Thomas A. , Belling Jason N. , Heizer Patrick , Tu Yiping , Kim Paul , Edillo Lovelyn , Jonas Steven J. , Weiss Paul S. , Fong Loren G. , Young Stephen G.
Published: December 2019

Significance

Deficiencies in lamin B1 or lamin B2 in mice result in markedly reduced neuronal density in the cerebral cortex, but the mechanism has been unclear. We found that deficiencies of either lamin B1 or lamin B2 cause nuclear membrane (NM) ruptures in migrating neurons, accompanied by DNA damage and cell death. Our studies were informative because they uncovered large differences in the frequency of NM repair in lamin B1- and lamin B2-deficient neurons, implying unique functions for the 2 nuclear lamins in maintaining NM integrity. Also, our studies uncovered an important role for mechanical stresses in eliciting NM ruptures, helping to explain the increased frequency of NM ruptures in migrating neurons.
Carmen Valero-Garcés & Rebecca Tipton (eds.). (2017) Ideology, Ethics and Policy Development in Public
Service Interpreting and Translation
Authors: Liu Jinhui , Wen Jun
Published: December 2019

This collection addresses translation and interpreting in settings of diversity and migration. It brings together
the latest research on public service interpreting and translation (PSIT) in the context of growing rights-based discourses on
language support services, with a particular focus on ideological, ethical and policy issues. Articles in this volume employ new
perspectives and draw insight from the practical field with the aim to explore the social basis and consequences of policy
development, interconnections between intricate concepts of ethics and ideology, and to stimulate debate : more discussion concerning public service
interpreting and translation among academia, the public and the third sectors to deepen the understanding of language support needs
and policy context.
Effects of genistein on lipopolysaccharide-induced injury of mouse alveolar epithelial cells and its mechanism
Authors: Zhu Qi , Zhang Wei , Mu Deguang , Zhou Hongbin , Wu Shengchang , Zou Hai
Published: December 2019

Alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells have critical functions in acute respiratory distress syndrome progress. Genistein could protect the lungs from acute lung injury, however, whether genistein protects the alveolar epithelial cells from LPS-induced injury was less studied. Spectrophotometric method 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to detect cell viability and levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. Flow cytometry and western blot assay were performed to detect cells apoptosis and protein levels. In LPS-induced model of mouse lung epithelial (MLE)-12 cells, PBEF (proinflammatory cytokine) expression, and cell apoptosis were increased and cell viability was decreased, whereas NF-κB was activated and expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were increased. However, genistein partly reversed the effect of LPS, and it plays a protective role in lung injury by reducing expression of PBEF, inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and alleviating inflammatory response of cells.
Meristic characters and length-weight relation of climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) from wetlands in Sigi District, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Ndobe S , Rusaini  , Masyahoro A , Serdiati N , Madinawati  , Moore A M
Published: December 2019

The climbing perch, Anabas testudineus Bloch 1972, is a valued freshwater fish with a wide distribution in South and Southeast Asia. This study examined the meristic counts and length-weight relation of climbing perch from Sigi District, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, close to the eastern extremity of the species distribution. Specimens collected from wetlands in Sigi District were weighed and measured (total length) to derive length–weight relation (n = 265) and meristic counts (n = 140). Length (L, in mm) – weight (W, in g) relation (W = a·Lb) parameter b = 2.98 overall; for females b = 3.06 while for males b = 2.88. Maximum length Lmax was 163 mm. The meristic formula using median values was D, XVII+8; A, X+9; P, 13; V, I+5; C, 16. Mean scale counts for both male and female climbing perch were: longitudinal 31 and vertical 15. There was no significant between-sex difference in meristic characters. Although the average growth pattern was isometric, males exhibited a slight allometric negative tendency. Low maximum size is consonant with other indications of a population under pressure, reinforcing the need for sustainable, holistic wetland management. In the context of domestication, high variability in meristic characters may indicate high genetic diversity and/or plasticity, which could provide scope for selective breeding.
Production of Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei through implementation of rapid biofloc technology
Authors: Kasan N A , Kamaruzzan A S , Rahim A I A , Ishak A N , Jauhari I , Ikhwanuddin M
Published: December 2019

A green technology known as rapid biofloc was implemented to reduce environmental damage while improving production of Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei to meet global market demand. Since there was no intensive application of biofloc technology being implemented at an industrial scale, this study aimed to assess the effect of biofloc in order to optimize water quality and maximize overall shrimp production. To speed-up the development of biofloc in L. vannamei cultures, an isolated biofloc boost-up bacteria inoculum was added during a new shrimp post-larvae (PL) stocking program. Samples of water, shrimp and biofloc were collected at ten day intervals from the new stocking of shrimp PL until harvest time (±100 days). Biofloc was observed starting to form as early as 10 days after shrimp the cultivation period began, and biofloc formation was speeded up by the addition of the inoculum. The biofloc effectively enhanced good water quality which resulted in an increase in shrimp biomass. The rapid biofloc formation and aggregation of beneficial microbes in the biofloc were responsible for maintaining good water quality and optimizing shrimp survival and production. Therefore, knowledge on the microbial composition in biofloc is deemed important for the successful design and application of biofloc technology to support a sustainable shrimp aquaculture industry.
The effect of commercial feed enrichment with Piper betle leaf extract on the growth and survival rate of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Agustina S S
Published: December 2019

This research aimed to examine effect of commercial feed enrichment with Piper betle leaf extract on the growth and survival rate of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This study used an experimental method with 15-20 g tilapia seed as test organisms at a stocking rate of 150 fish/m2. A Completely Randomized Design was used with five treatments and three replicates. The treatments were: A (pelleted feed/control); B (10% Piper betle leaf extract/kg feed); treatment C (15% Piper betle extract/kg feed); treatment D (20% Piper betle leaf extract/kg feed); and treatment E (25% betel leaf extract/kg of feed). The parameters observed during this study were the net increase in biomass and survival rate of the tilapia seed. All data were tabulated, then analysed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Water quality parameters in each treatment remained within acceptable limits for tilapia grow-out throughout the study, with pH 6.0–7.96; temperature 27.1 - 34.8 °C; DO 3.7 - 4.8 ppm and 0 ppm ammonia. The Piper betle leaf extract concentration in treatment D (20%) gave the best results, with 342.33 ± 10.60 g net increase in tilapia seed biomass and 100%± 0% survival rate.
Perspectives on seagrass ecosystem services from a coastal community
Authors: Ambo-Rappe R , La Nafie Y A. , Marimba A A , Cullen-Unsworth L C. , Unsworth R K.
Published: December 2019

Seagrasses are marine flowering plants, which form extensive meadows mostly in shallow water marine environments. They provide a wide range of ecosystem services, which can be grouped into four broad categories: provisioning (e.g. food production); regulating (e.g. controlling climate and disease); supporting (e.g. nutrient cycles and oxygenation); and cultural (e.g. spiritual and recreational benefits). These services directly or indirectly benefit humans. Seagrass have contributed to the fulfilment of human needs for a very long time, before the term “ecosystem services” was coined. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding public awareness on seagrasses and the benefits they provide. In this study, we conducted a workshop in Selayar Archipelago, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, an area with extensive seagrass meadows. The workshop focussed on seagrass meadows in the context of coastal community livelihood-related activities. The 50 workshop participants came from a variety of backgrounds, mostly related to the marine and fisheries sector (e.g. fishermen, vocational high school students, conservation agency staff, district government fisheries officers, and fisheries extension staff). The workshop revealed that many marine and fisheries stakeholders have a high level of awareness regarding seagrasses and the basic ecosystem services they provide. Some key points were identified from the workshop: 1) seagrasses were recognised as a resource; 2) the most and least frequently mentioned ecosystem service types mentioned were “provisioning” and “cultural”, respectively; 3) threats to seagrass meadows were identified and practical recommendations to minimize the threats were formulated.
Design Viability of Purse Seiners Operating in Bone Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Farhum S A , Zainuddin M , Nelwan A F P , Pangera A A , Risa R D
Published: December 2019

The success of fishing operations is influenced by various factors that interact with each other, one of which is the fishing vessel. Purse seine fisheries make a substantial contribution to capture fisheries in much of eastern Indonesia, including the seas around Sulawesi. Purse seiners must conform to standard criteria to ensure the success of the catch. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the design viability of purse seiners operating from Bone Regency in South Sulawesi. This study evaluated four purse seiner vessels, measuring the main dimensions and curvature of the vessels to obtain vessel offset data. The data obtained were analysed using the Maxsurf V8.20i program to produce line drawings and calculate the three-dimensional (3D) hydrostatic and stability properties of the vessels. These were used to evaluate the design viability based on compatibility with standard criteria. The purse seiners operating in Bone Regency had a casco hull type design, with V-bottom bow sections and U-bottom stern sections. The vessels had a large cross-sectional area which allowed considerable space for the placement of the purse seine net and fishing catch. The ratio of the main dimensions and hydrostatic parameters of the sample vessels did not match the standard criteria for purse seine vessels. However, the results obtained for the static stability of the sampled vessels did meet standards that are in accordance with the criteria of the International Maritime Organization.
Livelihood Features of Seaweed Farming Households: A Case study from Bungin Permai Village, South Konawe, South East (SE) Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Rahim M , Aslan L O M , Ruslaini  , Taridala S A A , Wianti N I , Nikoyan A , Budiyanto  , Hafid H
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to analyse the variations and structure of seaweed farming household incomes; to quantify the income coming from various income sources and to analyse the efficiency of seaweed farming. The study was conducted in the village of Bungin Permai, South Konawe from July to September 2016 using structured interviews. In total there were 96 household respondents involved. Income structures and strategies were analysed descriptively, while the amount of income was determined using income analysis. The results showed that most respondents worked in the fisheries sector as seaweed farmers (n=75; 77%) and also as fishermen. The average income generated by seaweed farming households was IDR. 29,154,121 annually; the income from seaweed farming was IDR. 10,556,724 annually, while the income obtained from non-fishing activities was IDR. 11,071,875 annually. The respondents generated additional income by catching crabs, fishing using traps and anchored lift nets (bagan). When all the depreciated assets (e.g. ropes, floats, and traditional boats) were included in the expenses, the mean C/R (cost-to-revenue) value of seaweed farming was 1.88. The lowest R/C was 0.96 while the highest was 21.04. Those R/C values mean that seaweed faming in Bungin Permai was generally efficient and profitable.
Structural relationship among steroids from Sulawesi Tenggara’s sponge Clathria sp. and their radical scavenger activity
Authors: Sahidin I , Sadarun Baru , Aslan La Ode M. , Wahyuni  , Hajrul Malaka M. , Fristiohady Adryan
Published: December 2019

Four steroids were isolated and identified from the acetone extract of Clathria sp., namely clathruhoate or 3β-(butiryloxymethyl)-A-nor-5α-cholestane (1), 3β-(acetoxymethyl)-A-nor-5α-cholestane (2), 3β-(hydroxymethyl)-A-nor-5α-cholestane (3), and 3β-(hydroxymethyl)-A-nor-5α-cholest-15-ene (4). Isolation was carried out using chromatography techniques including Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and radial chromatography (RC) with silica gel as adsorbent and mixture of solvents as eluent. The Structure of isolated compounds was determined by spectroscopic methods i.e. FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR and also by comparing the spectroscopic data with similar data from references. The compounds isolated were evaluated for biological activity against a radical agent (DPPH radical). The relationship of the steroids showed that compound 3 is an oxidation product of compound 4. Clathruhoate (1) is formed by esterification of compound 3 with buthanoic acid, and compound 2 is produced by esterification of compound 3 with acetic acid. The radical scavenger potential of the methanol extract and steroids from Clathria sp. can be summarized as follows: methanol extracts > compound 4 > compound 3 > compound 2 > compound 1.
Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of honey collected from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia on pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture
Authors: Salosso Y
Published: December 2019

The objectives of this research were to investigate the chemical composition and the antibacterial activity of honey from East Nusa Tenggara, produced by Trigona spp., on pathogenic bacteria in fish. The honey used in this research was collected specifically from Semau and Timor Islands while Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio alginoliticus were used as the testing bacteria. The chemical composition tests included moisture content (gravimetric), pH, total sugar (spectrophotometric). The honey was tested for the presence of the following active compounds: alkaloids, flavonoids, tanin, saponins, steroids and terpenoids. Antibacterial activity tests were conducted using “paper disk” method with undiluted honey samples. The moisture content of the Semau honey (33 %) was higher than that of the Timor honey (24.65 %), but the total sugar of the Semau honey ( 6.62 %) was lower than that of the Timor honey (74.22%). All honey from both sources (Semau and Timor) in East Nusa Tenggara contained alkaloids, steroids and terpenoids but did not contain flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Antibacterial tests showed that the honey from both sources, Semau and Timor, showed antibacterial activity against V. Alginoliticus and A. hydrophila; the V. alginolitycus inhibition zone diameters were 8.5 mm and 10.5 mm, respectively, while and the A. hydrophila inhibition zone diameter was 8 mm for both honeys.
Analysis of biological aspects of Scottish seine net catches in Mamuju waters, West Sulawesi
Authors: Najamuddin  , Palo M , Assir A , Asni A , Busman
Published: December 2019

The decree of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries No. 2 of 2015 has disturbed many fishermen in Indonesia, including Scottish seine fishermen. In that decree, the government concludes that the Scottish seine is not selective in catching fish and tends to disrupt the sustainability of small pelagic fish resources. This study aimed to analyse the biological aspects of fish caught with Scottish seine nets during the west monsoon season in the waters of Mamuju, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study was carried out from January to March 2016 with a case study of 1 unit during 30 fishing trips. The data collected included the type of fish caught, the weight and length of each fish by species. Data on fish taxa and size were analysed graphically and descriptively. The composition of the fish caught during the study was: shortfin scads (38%), bigeye scads (18%), sardines (14%), mackerel tuna (9%), Indian mackerel (7%), torpedo scads (6%), white trevally (3%), and other species (5 %). The length of shortfin scads, bigeye scads, sardinella, and mackerel tuna ranged from 9.9 - 18.2 cm; 8.5 - 19.5 cm; 10 - 12.5 cm; and 10-15 cm, respectively. In general, the fish caught were still classified as immature and not suitable for capture. To support sustainable fishing, it is necessary to limit fishing in the period from January to March.
The effect of initial weight of seedlings grafted from tissue-cultured and local strain seedlings on growth and carrageenan content of the Red Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) using a grafting method
Authors: Embi A L , Aslan L O M , Iba W , Patadjai A B , Sulistiani E
Published: December 2019

A grafting experiment using tissue-cultured and local strain Kappaphycus alvarezii seedlings was conducted from January to April 2019 and consisted of two steps. Firstly, grafting and propagating the seedlings using three different initial weights (IW) of 10, 15 and 20 g. Secondly, a culture experiment using the new seedlings produced from the first step. Seedlings were completely attached to each other after 18 days following the first step with a mean 75.0% grafting rate. The new seedlings were then cultured for 45 days using a long line method. The highest daily growth rate (DGR) was 4.36 %.day-1 obtained from 20-g IW while the lowest DGR was 4.01%.day-1 from 15-g IW. It was found that rapid changes in water salinity and turbidity may affect the success in terms of grafting rate and DGR. The ratio of fresh weight (FW) to dry weight (FW:DW) showed no significant differences among treatments although the 20-g IW showed the highest FW:DW ratio (8.21: 1) followed by 15-g IW (7.87:10) and 10-g IW (6.63:1). In contrast, 10-g IW and 15-g IW showed a significant difference in term of carrageenan content from 20-g IW. The 10-g IW carrageenan content was highest (40.38%) followed by 15-g IW (40.25%) and 20-g IW (38.34%). Salinity was 24-32 ppt, temperature was 29-31 °C. Nitrate and phosphate were 0.324-0.420 mg.l-1 and 0.180-0.538 ppm, respectively, while turbidity range was 3,128-9,336 NTU. In conclusion, for this method of grafting, it is recommended to use 20-g initial weight.
Evisceration rate of sandfish Holothuria scabra during transportation
Authors: Tuwo A , Yasir I , Tresnati J , Aprianto R , Yanti A , Bestari A D , Syafiuddin  , Nakajima M
Published: December 2019

The sandfish Holothuria scabra is a benthic animal of high ecological and economic value. The high economic value of sandfish has led to declining populations due to overfishing. Initiatives to improve sandfish production have included restocking, sea-ranching and aquaculture (captive breeding and grow-out). These initiatives require a supply of animals (seed and/or broodstock) that often originate far from the location where they are needed. This calls for a good transportation system so that the sandfish arrive in good condition. This study aimed to assess the evisceration rate of sandfish transported using open and closed transportation modes. During the study, different modes of packing, density, transportation time, and holding time were evaluated. This study indicated that delivery using open systems gave poor results; besides being less practical, post-transport evisceration was very high. The ratio of oxygen and water and the packing density did not appear to affect the sandfish evisceration rate. Evisceration seemed to be triggered by the presence of dead and decaying sandfish in the bag. Sandfish that survived transportation generally recovered swiftly after being placed in a pre-prepared holding tank. The transported sandfish were used for multitrophic aquaculture and the post-transport survival ratio was very high.
Water bird habitat suitability analysis in an urban coastal wetland (case study: Lantebung mangrove ecotourism area)
Authors: Purify A , Nurdin N , Maulani R I , Lanuru M
Published: December 2019

Water birds are significant wildlife in mangrove ecosystem. These aquatic birds have prominent roles for the integrity of the ecosystem. This research aimed to analyse water birds habitat suitability level at Lantebung Mangrove Ecotourism Area in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Geography Information System (GIS) and remote sensing approaches were employed in this study. Eight parameters were used for water bird habitat suitability assessment: land type, food class, water level, human disturbance, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature. All data parameters other than land type were interpolated using Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation (IDW) in ArcGIS 10.5. Meanwhile, land types were digitized on-screen using Landsat 8 imagery (acquisition October 2018), based on GPS field tracking. The suitability assessment was done by weighted overlay analysis, based on the scoring and weighting of each layer. The results showed that the area suitable for water bird habitat at Lantebung Mangrove Ecotourism Area was approximately 44 ha or 51.2% from the total area. The majority of suitable area consisted of mangrove forest, mudflat in front of mangrove forest, and mudflat behind mangrove forest. Further sustainable effort is needed to manage the available habitats, so that water bird population can be conserved.
Biodiversity of lobster larvae (Panulirus spp.) from the Indonesian Eastern Indian Ocean
Authors: Setyanto A , Soemarno  , Wiadnya D G R , Prayogo C
Published: December 2019

Lobster fisheries play an important role in the development of Indonesian fisheries management. The tropical lobster genusPanulirushas high species diversity in the Indonesian Eastern Indian Ocean. The Indonesian government has designated lobster fisheries as one of the types of fisheries requiring special attention in 11 of the Fisheries Management Areas in the Republic of Indonesia (FMARI). Each management area has specific ecological characteristics and may have unique lobster species richness. Studies on the temporal and spatial distribution of lobster species during all life phases are necessary to determine the connectivity of lobster populations. This study aimed to identify the species of lobster larvae of the genusPanulirusin FMARI 573. Samples were collected from several locations, including Pacitan, Trenggalek, Tulungagung, Banyuwangi, and Lombok, in July-August 2018. Data were analysed descriptively through species identification based on morphological traits. Identification of the samples was carried out at the sampling site and in the laboratory. The study found six species of lobster larvae:Panulirus ornatus(local nameudang mutiara),P. homarus(udang pasir),P. penicillatus(udang batu),P. versicolor(udang bambu),P. longipes(udang batik) andP. polyphagus(udang Pakistan). These species were unevenly distributed at the study sites. Further research is needed to analyse the distribution and connectivity of lobster populations by analysing species composition during different life phases (larva/puerulus, juvenile, adult) at different spatial and temporal scales.
The association of economically important fish with mangroves in Maumere Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Vincentius A , Nessa M N , Jompa J , Saru A , Hatta M , Rukminasari N
Published: December 2019

Mangroves are known to play a role in fisheries production, but specifically, however the associations between economically important fish species and mangroves with varied characteristics are not yet widely known. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship (association) between economically important fish species and mangroves with varied characteristics in Maumere Bay, Indonesia. The research used spatial and non-spatial methods; the research on economically important fish species used an experimental fishing sampling method. Correspondence analysis was applied to answer the question why certain economically important fish species were associated with certain mangrove characteristics. The mangroves at the study locations with characteristically dominant species Bruguiera parviflora, Avicennia alba, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal, with a moderate value of the Shannon diversity index (1< H’ ≤3), and moderate value of the Simpson dominance index (0.5< C ≤0.75), associated with the economically important fish species Psammoperca waigiensis, Synanceia verrucosa and Pomadasys maculatus. The locations of mangrove with high mangrove cover (≥ 80%), Avicennia marina as dominant species, large area (100 ha) and high density (≥ 3000 trees / ha), Rhizophora mucronata as dominant species, and high value of Pielou’s evenness index (0.6< e ≤1.0) were associated with the economically important fish species Upeneus mollucensis, Lethrinus lentjan, and Lutjanus bitaeniatus. The mangrove locations with medium cover (50% - 75%), moderate values of Simpson dominance index (0.5< C ≤0.75) but high mangrove belt width (≥ 400 m) were associated with the economically important fish species Siganus javus, Stegostoma fasciatum, Mugil cephalus, Carangoides malabaricus and Chanos chanos.
Macroscopic characteristics of the gonad maturity stages of dusky parrotfish Scarus niger
Authors: Yanti A , Yasir I , Rahmani P Y , Aprianto R , Tuwo A , Tresnati J
Published: December 2019

The dusky parrotfish Scarus niger is an important economic fish. Like other reef fish that have good taste, white and thick meat, and don’t have a lot of tiny bones, the dusky parrotfish is a fine food fish. The dusky parrotfish has a very wide distribution in tropical and subtropical sea waters. This study aimed to validate the maturity stage descriptions based on macroscopic characters. The results of this study are expected to be a reference in the study of the reproductive biology of dusky parrotfish and other parrotfishes, such as first maturity and the reproductive cycle. The samplings were done monthly at Makassar Fisheries Port from January 2018 to May 2019. The parameters measured were total length, body weight, gonad weight, gonad length and width, and liver weight. The observed aspect was the gonad colour and condition for both male and female fishes. Five stages of gonad maturity used to identify the gonad maturity stages were quite accurate. The accuracy was indicated by the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) values that increased progressively from Stage I to IV. This accuracy validates macroscopic characters used for identifying the maturity stage of dusky parrotfish
Exploring Biodiversity and Monitoring Genetic Resources of Aquatic Plants in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Nugraha M F I , Koneri R , Julzarika A , Reflinur  , Enggarini W , Yunita R , Radjamuddin M A , Novita H
Published: December 2019

The diversity and abundance of aquatic plants in freshwater ecosystems are very important as supporting factors for ecosystems. Conservationists can help to preserve species from the threat of extinction. How can we support the most species of aquatic plants at minimum cost? One strategy is to search for them and identify biodiversity hotspots, especially where an exceptional concentration of endemic species is undergoing significant loss of habitat. The genetic resources of aquatic plants represent the health of aquatic environments, i.e. lakes, rivers and waterfalls. The erosion of these resources threatens the stability of inland water health. We examined the patterns, causes and implications of freshwater macrophyte richness and rarity in Manado. The provincial richness of all macrophyte species, including rare species, showed strong preferences for mesotrophic and eutrophic conditions. Meanwhile, the rare species occurring nationally were more evenly distributed across the entire gradient of trophic conditions. From the four survey locations in the waterfalls, lakes, and river flows of the Manado area, a total of 37 species of aquatic plants were collected. Each area surveyed included different species and this is unique to the Wallace region.
Model of investment reconstruction post moratorium of Cantrang fishing gear (case study: Makassar Strait Waters and Bone Bay in Indonesia)
Authors: Adhawati Sri Suro , Mallawa Achmar
Published: December 2019

Cantrang is active fishing gear. The workings of the Cantrang, drawn on the bottom of the water and the size of the small mesh, included in the category of fishing equipment damaging the environment and marine biota. In the PERMEN-KP/2/2015, Cantrang can no longer be used. For survival, fishermen must replace or reconstruct the investment used. The research objective is to analyze and obtain a model of investment reconstruction that can provide maximum income to fishermen in the Makassar Strait and Bone Bay waters after prohibiting the use of Cantrang in the Republic of Indonesia fisheries management area. The study used 6 treatments, namely; Scenario 1 without reconstructing, Scenario 2 reconstructing the net, Scenario 3 reconstructing the rope, Scenario 4 reconstructing the boat, Scenario 5 reconstructing the machine and Scenario 6 reconstructing the investment thoroughly. The study was conducted in August 2016 - July 2017 in 3 locations namely Takalar, Pangkep district, and Palopo City. The research location was determined intentionally by considering the existence of Cantrang and representativeness of the waters of Bone Bay and Makassar Strait. Sampling using census method. Research result; (1) Scenario 1. has a MtpI value equal to 0 (zero), which means that without reconstructing investment, income equals 0 (zero) (2) Scenarios 2 and 6 have a positive MtpI value which means that reconstructing investment causes an increased income (3) Scenarios 3, 4 and 5 have a MtpI value equal to negative which means that reconstructing investment causes a decrease in income.
Bridging a new concept of fisheries subsidies policy to support sustainable fisheries in Indonesia
Authors: Nur Muhammad
Published: December 2019

Indonesia protested the policy of the WTO, which required the abolition of subsidies. Therefore, Indonesia, through the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs then attempted to roll out an exception to the WTO provisions. At the 11th Ministerial Conference in Buenos Aires, Argentina, the ministers of the member countries of the WTO agreed to accommodate the interests pursued by Indonesia to review the application of fisheries subsidies. This research then analyzes fisheries subsidies practice in Indonesia. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the policy of fisheries subsidies implemented by the government has not been planned with good policies and management so that the subsidy has an impact on overfishing, overcapacity or IUU Fishing. Therefore, the author initiated the Co-management of Green Fisheries Subsidy policy. The core of this idea focuses on the management of fisheries subsidies that support the sustainability of fisheries resources involving various relevant stakeholders. This idea uses seven principles which are then applied in the stages of establishing a policy of providing subsidies in each region based on the bottom-up principle so that the implementation of subsidies will be more effective and efficient based on the needs of each region. The author uses a normative juridical research method by examining library materials or other secondary materials. The author uses the literature study. The tools used are documents in the form of primary, secondary, and non-legal materials. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively, then presented descriptively.
The productivity and the pattern of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) fishing season in Morotai Island waters
Authors: sofiati Titien , Alwi Djainudin
Published: December 2019

Tuna fisheries in Morotai Island have great potential economic value. The production of Tuna in 2016 as much as 325 tons. This condition then made Tuna as the superior commodity in this territory [3]. Know the productivity and the pattern of tuna fishing season can maximize tuna production in Morotai Island. The purpose of this research was to investigate the productivity and Yellowfin Tuna fishing season in Morotai Island waters. The study used a survey method by conducting, the preliminary study in June 2018, and collecting data in the field during July-August 2018. The primary was obtained from fishing results data, numbers of the fishing trip from Tuna’s fishers. For the time series secondary data were derived from DKP Morotai Island is the time series data year 2009-2016, DKP Province Maluku Utara, The Log Book of Pacific Tuna Fishers Cooperative, and BPS Morotai Island. The analyzing consisted of CPUE analysis and time series (moving average) analysis. The research results showed that productivity catching Tuna is 0.798 tons/year. Although the productivity in every year was fluctuating but have a low trend, because of the catching of Tuna in Morotai Island used motorboat with small capacity, which is 1,5-3 GT. The analysis results of time series (moving average) analysis showed that the season for fishing Tuna happened throughout the year, with the peak of season happened in March and June.
Effects of increasing temperature and nitrate concentration on cell abundance, growth rate, biomass and free fatty acid of Tetraselmis sp
Authors: Rukminasari Nita , Omar Sharifuddin Bin Andy , Lukman Muhammad
Published: December 2019

It is well known that marine microalgae have a high diversity and potency as natural food for aquaculture, a high bioactive compound, and source of biofuel. Tetraselmis sp. is one of the marine-green algae, which has a high lipid content. A completely randomized design was used in this experiment with four levels of temperature treatments (28°C, 30°C, 32°C, and 34°C) and three levels of nitrate treatments (0 gr/L, 0.2 gr/L and 0.4 gr/L) with length of culture was 21 days. The result of our study showed that the highest growth rate was found at 30°C with double nitrate concentration account for 0.20 cell/day. The highest biomass was found at 0.20 g/L nitrate treatment for 34°C temperature treatment account for 0.17 g/L, while the lowest dry weight was 0.08 g/L that was found at 0.0 g/L nitrate treatment for 28°C temperature treatment. The highest free fatty acid percentage was found at 30°C of temperature treatment at the 0.40 g/L of nitrate concentration treatment, account for 8.81 %. Statistically, results showed that increasing temperature affected significantly to biomass and free fatty acid while increasing nitrate was different significantly on growth rate, and biomass.
Inhibitory activity of Sargassum hystrix extract and its chloroform fractions on inhibiting the α-glucosidase activity
Authors: Azizah Rosiana Nafilatul , Husni Amir , Budhiyanti Siti Ari
Published: December 2019

Seaweed is one of the marine biotas that has several benefits for health and cosmetics. The objective of this study was to isolate and test the activity of chloroform fraction of Sargassum hystrix seaweed extract in inhibiting the α-glucosidase and identification of the active fraction compounds. S. hystrix was extracted by maceration, then partitioned using chloroform and methanol. The chloroform fraction was further separated by column chromatography to obtain purer compounds. The extract of S. hystrix, chloroform fraction resulting from partitioning and chloroform fractions from column chromatography were tested for inhibitory activity against the α-glucosidase. The active chloroform fraction inhibits the α-glucosidase then identified its compounds using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The result showed that chloroform fraction (IC50 = 0.726 mg/mL) had a higher inhibitory activity of the α-glucosidase than acarbose (IC50 = 1.890 mg/mL). Column chromatography separation produced seven chloroform fractions. The highest inhibition activity was found in the second chloroform fraction (41.62%), third (51.39%), and fourth (30.49%). Based on GC-MS analysis, several compounds were thought to be able to inhibit the α-glucosidase. The identified compounds were 2-Hexadecene-1-ol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-; Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester; 9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester; Phytol; Stigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3-ol, (3.beta,24Z)- and 6-Hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro benzofuran-2 (4H )-one.
Projective mapping and descriptive analysis of commercial fish floss in Yogyakarta Region
Authors: Fitriya Wahdan , Ekantari Nurfitri
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to determine the quality of commercial fish floss in the Yogyakarta region based on the similarity and dissimilarity in the dominant spices perceived by panelists. Projective mapping (PM) or napping has attained much attention in recent literature as a method for fast sensory profiling and measurement of consumer perception. Configurations from PM have been shown to provide similar product maps. Observation of projective mapping was carried out on ten commercial fish floss using 80 untrained panelists. Panelists were instructed to group samples according to their perception in a sheet flat area 60 × 60 cm2. The coordinates of the grouping sample were recorded. Results of the study were able to detect 12 flavored spices obtained; samples were scattered in four groups of dominant herbs. Fish floss AK, KF_T, and DE contain nutmeg, turmeric, tamarind, and ginger as the dominant flavor. The brands N_S, TS, and SM exhibit dominant taste of fish flavor, candlenut, lemongrass, and a slight chili. N_L, SR, and KF_L had the dominant taste of bay leaves, coriander, cutcherry, and chili. SF_S brand had a dominant flavor of galangal. The result of this study can be used as a reference for the development of the fish floss industry in the Yogyakarta area for new industries and the destination of new products from various raw materials of fish.
Implementation of Participatory Policy through Quality Awareness and Quarantine Community Movement (Gemasatukata) in Untia Village, Makassar City
Authors: Suardi Wahdania , Mardiansyah
Published: December 2019

In order to realize participatory, responsible and sustainable management of Fisheries Resources a regulation or policy is needed to embrace these efforts in an integrated manner. The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the implementation of Participatory Policy through the Quality Awareness and Quarantine Community Movement (Gemasatukata) in the Untia Village of Makassar City. The research method used is a qualitative approach with the type of descriptive research then data collection is obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. The focus of this study examines policy implementation from aspects of achieving policy objectives, target groups, implementing organizations, and environmental factors. The process of data analysis includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The results of this study indicate the government’s concrete efforts through interactive communication and obtaining effective information through inputs from the fishing community that explain the root of the problem at hand but the findings of this study show that the empowerment program aimed at this group of fishermen received physical assistance but the essence of behavior change has not been implemented optimally because these behavioral changes require a short process and program sustainability.
Enhanching small-scale community for coastal management in Puntondo Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Zamroni Achmad , Apriliani Tenny , Yusuf Risna , Kurniasari Nendah
Published: December 2019

Coastal communities were mostly characterized by small-scale fisheries, facing difficulties to improve livelihoods and coastal management. Thus, community needs to build the organization and alternative livelihoods must be developed. This study aims to: 1) Asses the socio-economic information; 2) Analyze the dynamic of marine and fisheries activities, and 3) Analyze the activity to improve the capacity of community for coastal resource management. Data were collected during 2017 through interviews using structured and semi-structured questionnaires, both open and closed ones to 42 fishermen/seaweed farmers; 20 respondents from local fishery officers, seaweed collectors, traders, and exporters, processing companies, and coastal women/fishermen’s wives. Representatives of 11 relevant stakeholders were also interviewed. The result shows that coastal community livelihood activities in Takalar District consist of fishing, aquaculture, and the processing of fishery products. Fishing activities carried out by fishermen using the size <5 GT vessels and fishing gear such as nets and fishing rods. There is growing aquaculture in seaweed commodities particularly Eucheuma cottonii and Eucheuma spinosum, while for Gracilaria sp., and Caulerva sp. were started to be developed. Initial activity planning was done to increase the resilience of coastal communities, based on the social and economic profile then composed the activities plan to increase resilience of people in Takalar District.
Fisheries cooperative as a catalyst for economic improvement of fishermen society
Authors: Gosari B A J , Wahid A , Firman  , Cangara A S
Published: December 2019

Fishermen society, especially coastal areas, want an increase in the economy. One of the catalysts is by participating actively in fisheries cooperatives. This study aims to determine the role of cooperatives as a catalyst for the economy. Through fisheries cooperatives, fishermen society as members gets more value than fishermen society who are not members of cooperatives. This research was conducted at the Juku Lele Cooperative in Somba Opu District, Gowa Regency, from January to March 2019. The alternative revenues as catfish farmers calculated are 2,567.5 million for members and 198.328 million for non-members. Ratio profit margin cooperatives as an economic catalyst are 65% for members and 23.93 for non-members.
Optimization of temperature and time in carrageenan extraction of seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) using ultrasonic wave extraction methods
Authors: Mahyati  , Azis Abdul
Published: December 2019

Carrageenan is a hydrocolloid compound from Rhodophyceae extraction of K. alvarezii using alkali solvents. Conventional extraction methods that have been using certain solvents in large volumes require a long time and low yields resulting in high production costs and large amounts of waste which pollute the environment. These adverse effects can be minimized by extraction with the help of ultrasonic waves which will provide an intensive stirring effect to damage the cell walls of seaweed so that the process of mass transfer will be faster. The extraction temperature greatly influences the quantity and quality of carrageenan which is often carried out in conventional extraction. In carrageenan extraction activities from K. alvarezii with the help of ultrasonic waves, the effects of temperature and time on these two parameters will also be studied. This activity was conducted to determine the time and temperature of carrageenan extraction from K. alvarezii seaweed using an ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz with temperature variations of 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 °C, and time variations of 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 minutes. The results of extraction of K.alvarezii seaweed with a time variation of 40 minutes and temperature variation is 70 °C, with the optimum value of temperature and extraction time is 70 °C for 30 minutes which produces carrageenan as much as 44.46%. The carrageenan quality test produced water content ranging from 6.27-14.18%, ash content 12.33-13.69%, viscosity of 10.4-27.9 cP and gel strength ranged from 926.26 to 4945.99 dyne / cm2.