bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of: Hair ID: An Interactive Tool for Identifying Australian Mammalian Hair
Authors: Houck MM
Published: August 2015

Anyone who's studied animal hairs microscopically generally refers to Brunner and Coman's book (1), The Identification of Mammalian Hair, as "The Book." Very few comprehensive references are available for animal hairs and the interested microscopist must search and hunt for old and mostly out-of-print references (2). Hair ID is a modern and excellent addition to the animal hair literature. It is simple, fast, and flexible. An excellent training aid and reference, every forensic science laboratory and forensic educational program should own a copy of Hair ID.
Injectable Bone Substitute Based on β-TCP Combined With a Hyaluronan-Containing Hydrogel Contributes to Regeneration of a Critical Bone Size Defect Towards Restitutio ad Integrum
Authors: Barbeck Mike , Hoffmann Christiane , Sader Robert , Peters Fabian , Hübner Wolf-Dietrich , Kirkpatrick Charles James , Ghanaati Shahram
Published: August 2015

In the present in vivo study, the regenerative potential of a new injectable bone substitute (IBS) composed of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and hyaluronan was tested in a rabbit distal femoral condyle model. To achieve this, 2 defects of 6 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length were drilled into each femur condyle in a total of 12 animals. For each animal, 1 hole was filled with the substitute material, and the other was left empty to serve as the control. After 1, 3, and 6 months, the regenerative process was analyzed by radiography as well as by histological and histomorphometrical analysis. The results revealed that bone tissue formation took place through osteoconductive processes over time, starting from the defect borders to the center. Both the β-TCP content and the hydrogel support bone tissue growth. The histomorphometrical measurements showed that the amount of bone formation in the experimental group was significantly higher compared with that found in the control group after 3 months (19.51 ± 5.08% vs. 1.96 ± 0.77%, P < .05) and 6 months (4.57 ± 1.56% vs. 0.23 ± 0.21%, P < .05). The application of the IBS gave a restitutio ad integrum result after 6 months and was associated with its nearly complete degradation, in contrast to the results found in the control group. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate that the IBS contributes to sufficient bone regeneration by serving as a scaffold-like structure, combined with its degradation within 6 months.
Realisation of the Knowledge Management Process in Study - related Performance of Academic Departments
Authors: Misiūnaitė - Bačiauskienė Eglė , Jucevičienė Palmira
Published: August 2015

The context of knowledge management determines the following research question: how theoretical constructs of knowledge management are realised in the performance of academic departments? The research aim is to identify the implementation of study-related knowledge management process at academic department.

The empirical research is based on the case study strategy. After targeted selection of cases, in-depth interviews were carried out at two academic departments, where groups of experts had been identified. The collected data were processed by criterion-based analysis. The Department X possesses expertise in education and methodological competence in curriculum construction and study process realisation; study-related processes of collective and individual knowledge management are articulated by study-related terminology and informal identification of knowledge in the process of social interaction dominates here; unfortunately little coordination is given to the acquisition, dissemination, creation, storage and application of knowledge.

The Department Y informally reduces the study-related knowledge to the concept of professionalism and knowledge of the study programme content; methodological competence of designing and implementing a study programme (module) is referred to as developing. In this context, the need for knowledge acquisition is realised by attracting external expert knowledge. At this Department, the process of study related knowledge is not systemic and strongly coordinated; individual not collective efforts prevail.

Summarising the analysis of the two case-studies, it is evident that a formalized system of knowledge management has not been yet created and implemented in the departments. However, the educational and subject-related competences of the department lead to unintentional knowledge management process that is naturally taking place through the process of studies management with the prevailing non-formal activities of organizational knowledge identification, acquisition, creation, dissemination, storage and application.
EcoClimate: a database of climate data from multiple models for past, present, and future for macroecologists and biogeographers
Authors: Lima-Ribeiro Matheus Souza , Varela Sara , González-Hernández Javier , De Oliveira Guilherme , Diniz-Filho José Alexandre F. , Terribile Levi Carina
Published: August 2015

Studies in biogeography and macroecology have been increasing massively since climate and biodiversity databases became easily accessible. Climate simulations for past, present, and future have enabled macroecologists and biogeographers to combine data on species’ occurrences with detailed information on climatic conditions through time to predict biological responses across large spatial and temporal scales. Here we present and describe ecoClimate, a free and open data repository developed to serve useful climate data to macroecologists and biogeographers. ecoClimate arose from the need for climate layers with which to build ecological niche models and test macroecological and biogeographic hypotheses in the past, present, and future. ecoClimate offers a suite of processed, multi-temporal climate data sets from the most recent multi-model ensembles developed by the Coupled Modeling Intercomparison Projects (CMIP5) and Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Projects (PMIP3) across past, present, and future time frames, at global extents and 0.5° spatial resolution, in convenient formats for analysis and manipulation. A priority of ecoClimate is consistency across these diverse data, but retaining information on uncertainties among model predictions. The ecoClimate research group intends to maintain the web repository updated continuously as new model outputs become available, as well as software that makes our workflows broadly accessible.
Rosa (João Guimarães)
Authors: Azevedo Valéria Furtado
Published: August 2015

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O coronel não verá jamais os seus filhos
Authors: Emediato Luiz Fernando De Souza
Published: August 2015

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O semeador
Authors: Almeida Ana Maria De
Published: August 2015

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O ventre da terra
Authors: Lyon Sandra
Published: August 2015

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Lágrima de urso
Authors: Branco Lúcia Castello
Published: August 2015

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Dulica dois graus a mais
Authors: Lyon Sandra
Published: August 2015

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A rua
Authors: Claver Ronald
Published: August 2015

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Os entes queridos
Authors: Frediani Magda
Published: August 2015

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Eu, de nome Lutero Reis
Authors: Renault Luiz Otávio Linhares
Published: August 2015

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Por estas sucessões testamentárias
Authors: Costa José Gomes da
Published: August 2015

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Simulações de sistemas de controle de pêndulo simples e invertido em malhas aberta e fechada
Authors: Costa André Pereira da , Silva Samuel Alves da , Lira Valnyr Vasconcelos
Published: August 2015

Este trabalho objetivou realizar simulações de sistemas de controle de pêndulo simples e invertido em malha aberta e em malha fechada. Dessa forma, durante nosso caminho metodológico, tais simulações foram desenvolvidas no software Matlab, considerando sua grande utilização na área de Automação Industrial. Entre os resultados encontrados, notamos que na simulação em malha aberta o pêndulo simples é um sistema estável e que, em alguns minutos, o sistema entra em regime permanente, ou seja, a haste do pêndulo tende a posição de 0º, o que corresponde a uma oscilação amortecida. Com relação às simulações das representações do pêndulo invertido, o sistema é instável, já que o valor do ângulo da haste tende ao infinito. E, no caso da simulação em malha fechada, verificamos que os dois controladores são capazes de levar os dois sistemas mecânicos para a região de estabilidade.
Desenvolvimento de um ambiente de aprendizagem para o ensino de controle de processos
Authors: Costa André Pereira da , Silva Samuel Alves da , Lira Valnyr Vasconcelos
Published: August 2015

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo construir um ambiente de aprendizagem para o ensino de Controle de Processos, tornando-se um importante recurso didático que favorece o aprendizado dos graduandos do Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Automação Industrial, no IFPB Campus Cajazeiras. Então, em nosso percurso metodológico, utilizamos o software MATLAB, bem como sua linguagem de programação característica, para tornar viável a construção do ambiente. Tal software é bastante utilizado na área de Controle de Processos em diversas pesquisas, contribuindo tanto para o desenvolvimento prático, pois possibilita que novos métodos de controle sejam avaliados e empregados nas mais distintas situações, como também no campo educacional. Além disso, utilizamos os pêndulos simples e invertido como modelos mecânicos do simulador. Dentre os resultados obtidos, podemos mencionar a simplicidade de utilização e manipulação do ambiente, pois sua interface gráfica facilita a execução das simulações, de modo dinâmico, na qual o estudante de graduação poderá configurar o sistema e o controlador, além de visualizar o resultado da simulação em um gráfico.
Análise espacial do ensino profissional e tecnológico no âmbito do IFPB
Authors: Farias Bianca Almeida de , Sousa Ridelson Farias de , Falcão Ermano Cavalcante
Published: August 2015

O Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba (IFPB) é uma instituição especializada na oferta de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica, e deve obedecer ao princípio da indissociabilidade entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão, garantindo a concordância com as normas dos projetos pedagógicos de cursos técnicos e superiores. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma análise espacial por câmpus desse Instituto em relação à oferta de ensino, às pesquisas desenvolvidas e às atividades de extensão. Utilizando dados do ano de 2014 referentes ao ensino, à pesquisa e à extensão no IFPB e Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG) - software ArcGis 9.3, tem-se uma visão espacializada das informações na forma de mapas temáticos. Os resultados auxiliarão de forma considerável o aperfeiçoamento da gestão no sentido de tornar mais eficiente a análise referente a ensino, pesquisa e extensão, estabelecendo uma nova realidade na obtenção de informações e contribuindo com a consolidação de uma educação pública de qualidade.
Nectar chemistry mediates the behavior of parasitized bees: consequences for plant fitness
Authors: Richardson Leif L. , Bowers M. Deane , Irwin Rebecca E.
Published: August 2015

Plants produce an array of secondary metabolites that play important ecological roles as anti‐herbivore and anti‐pathogen defenses. Many herbivores experience physiological costs when they consume secondary metabolites, yet some also benefit, for example when these chemicals confer resistance to parasites and predators. Secondary metabolites are often present in nectar and pollen, which is paradoxical given that floral rewards are important in the attraction of mutualists rather than deterrence of antagonists. Motivated by studies of interactions among plants, herbivores, and parasites, as well as research showing that secondary metabolites can reduce bee disease, we characterized the occurrence of two iridoid glycosides, aucubin and catalpol, in floral rewards and other tissues of the bee pollinated plant, Chelone glabra. We then experimentally investigated effects of nectar iridoid glycoside concentrations on the foraging behavior of bumble bee pollinators naturally afflicted by a parasitoid fly and a protozoan intestinal parasite, and subsequent effects on an estimate of plant reproduction. We found that floral nectar had lower iridoid glycoside concentrations than leaves, pollen, and corollas, and that, compared to those plant parts, the relative ratio of the two primary iridoid glycosides, aucubin and catalpol, was reversed in nectar. Whether bees carried parasitoid fly larvae did not affect their response to nectar chemistry; however, there was a significant interaction between protozoan parasite infection and nectar treatment, with infected bees foraging longer at flowers with high compared to low nectar iridoid glycoside concentrations. Parasitized bees were also more likely to return to inflorescences with high iridoid glycoside nectar. Consequently, flowers in the high iridoid glycoside nectar treatment donated significantly more pollen to conspecific stigmas than did flowers in the low iridoid glycoside treatment, suggesting an increase in male plant fitness. Taken together, these results demonstrate that nectar secondary metabolites can mediate the behavior of pollinators with subsequent benefits for estimates of plant reproduction.
Decomposing the variance in southern elephant seal weaning mass: partitioning environmental signals and maternal effects
Authors: Oosthuizen W. Chris , Bester Marthán N. , Altwegg Res , McIntyre Trevor , de Bruyn P. J. Nico
Published: August 2015

Predator populations are likely to respond to bottom‐up processes, but there remains limited understanding of how wide‐ranging marine predators respond to environmentally driven temporal variation in food availability. Widespread declines of several Southern Ocean predators, including southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina, have been attributed to decreases in food availability following environmental changes. We used linear mixed models to examine temporal process variance in weaning mass (a key fitness component) of southern elephant seals at Marion Island over a 27‐year period (1986–2013). We quantified the contribution of within‐ and between‐year covariates to the total phenotypic variance in weaning mass and determined whether the observed reversal of population decline was associated with a continued increase in weaning mass, suggesting improvement in per capita food availability to adult females. Weaning mass initially increased rapidly with maternal age, but reached an asymptote when females were nine years old. Longitudinal data examining between‐individual maternal differences suggested latent, age‐independent maternal influences on weaning mass. Between‐year differences accounted for only 6% of the total phenotypic variance in weaning mass. We found no evidence for a systematic trend in weaning mass, but model predicted weaning mass was 8.70 kg (95% CI = 2.14–14.73) lower during the 1980s, suggesting that food limitation may have been most severe during these years when the population was declining. Model support for a population size effect was entirely driven by the low weaning mass and comparatively high (but declining) population size from 1986 to 1988; subsequent variation in population size had no detectable influence on weaning mass. Remotely sensed chlorophyll‐a concentration within the seals' foraging distribution explained 45% of the between‐year variation (1998–2013, n = 9) in weaning mass, with higher weaning mass in years of positive chlorophyll‐a anomalies. Environmental variation associated with variability in the Southern Annular Mode poorly predicted temporal variation in weaning mass. Our long‐term data on elephant seal weaning mass provides a perspective on variation in food availability in a pelagic environment which is poorly known. Examining the long‐term regionally specific effects of environmental variability aids our understanding of how these predators interact with their environment.
Nonlinear Drillstring-Dynamics Modeling of Induced Vibrations in Unconventional Horizontals
Authors: Wilson J. K. , Heisig G..
Published: August 2015

Inducing vibrations while drilling is a relatively new concept that shows promise in directional applications. Instigating motion of the drillstring, particularly in the sections lying on the low-side of the wellbore, can lead to substantial improvements in managing the two limiting factors of the long horizontal wells that are typically associated with current unconventional shale plays: removal of formation cuttings from the borehole and frictional drag between nonrotating drillstrings and the wellbore wall. Minimizing these effects by introducing controlled vibrations increases the overall drilling efficiency and reduces the cost associated with the well. The difficulty in implementing such actions, however, is consistency. Because the behavior of drilling assemblies is inherently nonlinear, it has been difficult in the past to reliably predict their response to dynamic events. This, in turn, creates a challenge when trying to optimize the performance of arbitrary vibration-inducing devices (VIDs).

This study presents a detailed analysis of the fully coupled, 3D, nonlinear behavior of drillstrings under the action of induced vibrations. Specific focus is given to the dynamic characteristics of a drillstring, during horizontal-drilling operations, in long unconventional wells and how this behavior affects the success of the well. The response of the drillstring, due to induced axial and lateral oscillatory motions, is examined through linearized dynamic analysis and nonlinear time-domain simulations.

Solutions obtained from the study provide a clearer understanding of the dynamics experienced downhole and lead to suggestions for improved practices when drilling with lateral VIDs, particularly with regard to hole cleaning. Further insights into the sliding behavior of the drillstring, during the use of these types of tools, are drawn from animated modeling results. Finally, the future applications of this technology are discussed.
An Exploration of the Relationships between Job Motivation, Collective Benefit, Target Awareness, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Chinese Culture
Authors: Chi-Ho Chiou
Published: August 2015

This article explores the influence of Chinese culture on job motivation and its relationship with organizational citizenship behavior, relying on interviews with employees in governmental institutions and corporations in Taiwan. The requirements of relationships and personal pride in Chinese culture create a unique job motivation, which affects an organization's citizenship behavior. An organization's collective benefit and target awareness has an interfering effect on job motivation. The type of organization and employee's age and level of education influence the job motivation and behavior of Chinese employees. The findings will be beneficial in future research and theoretical development.
Exploring Teachers' Voices about Inclusion in Physical Education: A Qualitative Analysis with Young Elementary and Middle School Teachers
Authors: Campos Maria J. , Ferreira José P. , Block Martin E.
Published: August 2015

To truly understand physical educators' concerns about inclusion their voices must be heard, but little research has been done in Portugal. For this reason, a semi-structured interview in a focus group was held with young physical educators aiming to identify the perceptions and challenges with respect to inclusion in their physical education (PE) classes. Findings of the present research suggest that these PE teachers advocated for inclusion and pointed out advantages for students with and without disabilities, although they raised some challenges that could be an obstacle to effectiveness, including the lack of specific training and experience in inclusive PE and type and severity of the student's impairment. These results emphasize the need for specific preparation of Portuguese PE teachers in inclusive PE not only during the university curricula but also during their professional careers.
Arm Movement as a Cue for the Estimation of Visual Location
Authors: Kirsch Wladimir , Kunde Wilfried
Published: August 2015

Two experiments including 24 (M age = 29 yr., SD = 9; 6 men) and 25 participants ( M age = 27 yr., SD = 9; 8 men), respectively, examined how arm movement extent affects the perception of visual locations. Linear arm movements were performed on a horizontal plane from a start position until an auditory signal occurred. Subsequently, the position of a visual target located along the movement path was judged. The target was judged as further away with an increase in movement extent. The results indicated that motor-related signals are taken into account in visual perception of locations. There were no indications, though, that changes of location perception prompted subsequent changes of action planning, which demonstrates the short-term nature of action-induced plasticity of space perception under the present conditions.
Effect of Energy Drinks on Selected Fine Motor Tasks
Authors: Jacobson B. H. , Hughes P. P. , Conchola E. C. , Hester G. M. , Woolsey C. L.
Published: August 2015

This study assessed the effect of energy shots on selected fine motor tasks. The participants were college-age male ( n = 19; M age = 20.5 yr., SD = 0.7) and female ( n = 21; M age = 21.1 yr., SD = 0.7) volunteers who were assessed on hand steadiness, choice reaction time, rotary pursuit, and simple reaction time. The energy shots group scored significantly poorer on the hand steadiness tests and significantly better on choice reaction time and simple reaction time tests. The enhanced reaction time and disruption in hand steadiness afforded by energy shots would not be apparent in many gross motor activities, but it is possible that reaction time improvement could be beneficial in sports that require quick, reflexive movements. However, the potential adverse psychological and physiological effects warrant discretionary use of such products.
GUEST EDITORIAL MESSAGE TODAY: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Shankhwar Anil Kumar
Published: August 2015

Not available.International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015Page: II-III
FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS ON INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS BETWEEN CEMENT INDUSTRY AND TEA INDUSTRY
Authors: Yadav Shailendra Kumar , Kalaiyarasi R
Published: August 2015

The project aims at analyzing the feasibility of utilizing cement kiln dust (CKD) in treating wastewater from tea industry with the concept of industrial symbiosis. CKD is the dust collected at the air pollution control device(s) associated with a kiln system from cement industry. A very less percent of CKD is recycled and the rest is land filled /stockpiled; disrupts groundwater through leaching of minerals. Cement Kiln Dust (CKD), rich in CaO, SiO2, behaves as a neutralizing as well as stabilizing agent for tea effluent treatment. The ability of CKD to reduce the BOD, COD, TSS, and phosphates in tea effluent was analyzed and the optimum dosage is determined. The effect of different dosages of Cement Kiln Dust ranging from (1-3) gm/l has been discussed on the bench scale tests. The results show that, for different CKD concentrations, high removal efficiencies of 94.4 and 99.0, 58.9 for BOD, TSS, phosphates and a lower efficiency for COD with 9.09 are achieved for 2.5gm/l. The persistent presence of color providing proteins theaflavins (TF) and the arubigins (TR) from the leftover tea leaves in the effluent imparts the low removal efficiencies of COD. However, the COD value is within the dischargeable limits (CPCB standards). Moreover, a considerable removal efficiency and high SVI of 0.181 makes CKD a feasible coagulant in treating tea effluent with optimum dosage of 2.5g/l. The objective of developing industrial symbiosis network was thus achieved using the CKD to treat wastewater from tea industries.   International Journal of EnvironmentVolume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015Page: 20-34
AN ASSESSMENT OF SEVERITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AEROSOL PARTICLES DURING PRECIPITATION
Authors: Verma T. S. , Madhava Rao K. S. , John Shibu K.
Published: August 2015

Africa is one of the sources of biomass burning emissions. It is estimated that about 6 million tons of fuel per day is consumed in the southern hemisphere. Biomass burning has an important contribution on aerosol particle concentrations in the atmosphere. Efforts have been made to conduct research in Gaborone to monitor the concentration of atmospheric aerosols in atmosphere. These studies were mainly confined to measurement of concentration of aerosols and establishing a relation with determinants such as carbon dioxide concentration, biomass burning, and precipitation among others. However, very little seems to have been done in relating the empirical data to a mathematical model or to study quantitatively the impact of precipitation on the concentration of aerosols larger than 0.3?m in the atmosphere. In this paper we provide an objective criterion for classifying measurements on concentration of atmospheric aerosol particles and build a mathematical model that helps us to understand variations in weekly aerosol concentrations in terms of their severity. We also construct an index of severity which when applied to different seasons under the study period indicates that precipitation significantly scavenges atmospheric aerosols.International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015Page: 81-95
EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS ON THE PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) OVER LAST 25 YEARS IN THE TERAI REGION OF NEPAL
Authors: Dahal Khet Raj , Puri Ramesh Raj , Joshi Arun Kumar
Published: August 2015

A study on the effect of climate change and associated factors on the production and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) over last 25 years in the Terai region of Nepal was conducted. Three major wheat growing districts of Nepal (Kanchanpur, Rupandehi and Dhanusha) were focused. Climate and wheat management data were deployed. Farmers' feedback was taken through a set of semi-structured questionnaire followed by one day workshop cum seminar. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was also conducted in the field. Comparison over 25 years showed that rainfall during wheat season declined significantly while maximum temperature increased by over 10C. Mean minimum temperature showed slight decline. Farmers' interaction indicated that growth period of wheat appeared to reduce over years, while new diseases/races and weeds have emerged. This led to increase in use of chemical pesticides. Use of inputs such as chemical fertilizers increased significantly leading to increased production cost by many folds. Despite limitations, wheat farming area and production has increased significantly in the past 25 years. The major issues for farmers were found to be a deficit of inorganic fertilizers, insufficient supply of quality seeds and an unsystematic market. The coping mechanism for climate change in wheat farming in all the three districts was not applied due to lack of knowledge, facilities and access to improved technologies. The farmers expected advanced technological know-how along with other facilities for climate resilient wheat farming.International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015Page:
Effect of Pineapple Pulp on Sensory Quality and Shelf-life of Pineapple Cake
Authors: Haque MA , Afrin S , Shibly AZ , Zohora FT , Sultana MM
Published: August 2015

The experimental study on performance formulation and analysis of pineapple pulp fortified cake considering physical, chemical, sensorial and microbial quality. Cake was fortified with 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% pineapple pulp incorporated into wheat flour. The pineapple pulps used in the cake preparation were analyzed for proximate composition. The physical and chemical properties of cakes were analyzed. Quantitive microbial analysis of food samples were done on the basis of total viable count. Bacterial load range from 1.22×102(cfug-1) to 9.54×103(cfug-1) on different storage condition. Zero present pineapple pulp incorporated cake sample showed the highest microbial load 9.54×103(cfug-1).Total fungal count ranged from 0.97×102 to 5.04×103 (cfug-1)on different storage conditions. Fortified cake with 10% pineapple pulp contains lowest amount of fungi and bacteria after 8 days. So its shelf life will be enhanced about 6-7 days. Further 5%, 15%, and 20% pineapple pulp incorporated cake sample contain high microbial load, hence they will get shelf life of 5-6 days. Fortification of cake with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, pineapple pulp increasedthe value of ash, fiber and moisture in comparing with control cake. The statistical analysis of organoleptic test response of sensory attributes revealed that color, flavor, texture and overall acceptability were decreased with the increase of pineapple pulp in the cake formulation.Symmetry, crust and crumb quality, crust color and consistency,color,texture of the crumb and microbial load of the cakes containing 10% pulp were better than those of cakes containing above 10% pineapple pulp.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 7-11 2015
Status of Water Quality in the Tista River at Kaunia Point and its Impact on Aquatic Environment
Authors: Islam MS , Islam MA , Islam MJ , Kabir MH , Meghla NT
Published: August 2015

The study was conducted to investigate the surface water quality of the Tista River at Kaunia point in wet (September to November) and dry season (December to February) during the period from September 2013 to February 2014. The water samples were collected from five different sampling stations of Tista River mentioned as Station 1 (St-1), 2 (St-2), 3 (St-3), 4 (St-4) and 5 (St-5). The analysis of the study showed that the average transparency was 13.28 and 32.31 cm in wet and dry season, respectively, while the temperature was observed 25.86 and 18.18?C in wet and dry season, respectively. The observed electrical conductivity (EC) was 84 and 145.67 ?s cm-1, pH was 7.72 and 8.03, dissolve oxygen (DO) was 5.35 and 5.37 mg l-1, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 1.64 and 1.89 mg l-1 in wet and dry season, respectively. In wet season, the total dissolved solid (TDS) was measured 53.2 mg l-1, while 73.86 mg l-1 in dry season. The alkalinity was found 40.94 and 43.4 mg l-1 in wet and dry season, whereas, the hardness was found 98.47 and 102.46 mg l-1 in the following seasons. The study showed that most of the water quality parameters of the Tista River were suitable for aquatic organisms as well as fishes. However, the agricultural runoff and waste materials generated from anthropogenic sources could be the main causes of degradation of water quality and aquatic organisms.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 29-33 2015
Adulteration of Raw Milk in Selected Regions of Tangail District of Bangladesh
Authors: Bari L , Hoque MR , Reza MSA , Hossain MA , Islam A
Published: August 2015

At the present time adulteration of food especially raw milk is becoming a burning issue. Normally milk is adulterated with water, starch, skim milk powder, sugar, detergent, and fat, recently formalin also added with milk to increase the shelf life of milk. Thats why it is very essential to detect the prevalence of adulteration of milk. The present experiment was conducted to know the adulteration of milk. Total thirty milk samples were collected from five different bazaars (Tangail town, Santosh Bazaar, Porabari Bazaar, Boilla Bazaar, Bajitpur Bazaar) of Tangail district where six samples were taken from each entry point. The mean Specific gravity was 1.021, 1.020, 1.019, 1.019 and 1.020 respectively which were lower than standard 1.032 (BSTI, 2000). The results clearly suggest that water was the most common adulterant in almost all sample of raw milk collected. 56.67% and 50% samples were adulterated with starch and skim milk powder respectively. Two types of preservatives namely borax and sodium bicarbonate were detected in the fluid milk from the study areas. Out of all samples, 23.33% was adulterated with sodium bicarbonate and 16.66% with borax. However, none of the samples contained either formalin or hydrogen peroxide. It could therefore be inferred that, the consumers need to be more cautious regarding the quality of raw milk.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 41-44 2015
Assessment of Quality Status of Zinc Sulfate (hepta hydrate) Fertilizers Available in the Markets of Jessore Sadar Upazila
Authors: Islam GMM , Hossain M , Iqbal SMA , Mollah MRA
Published: August 2015

An experiment was conducted in the Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during January to December, 2012 to see the quality status of Zinc Sulfate (hepta hydrate) fertilizers available in the markets of Jessore sadar upazila. For this purposes Zinc Sulfate (hepta hydrate) fertilizer samples were randomly collected from all union of the upazila. Fifteen unions and a pourashava in this upazila were included the experiment. Three composite samples were collected from each of the unions. Therefore, 48 composite samples were ready for 16 unions including pourashava. In this study 79% Zinc Sulfate (heptahydrate) fertilizer was adulterated and 21% was qualified according to government specification. 40% of them were ten to fifty percent of required Zn content and 2% of them were same level of S content. Only 21% of total fertilizers contained hundred percent of required Zn. Whereas, 96% fertilizers contained the same level of required S and only four percent of the fertilizers was found as sulfur deficient. The highest nutrient value of S and Zn were 17.75% and 23.03% respectively. On the other hand, the lowest value of them was 5.2% and 1.30%. Further 27% of them contained above eighty percent of required Zn. No unique relation between sulfur and zinc content of those fertilizers was found.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 69-71 2015
Effects of Insecticides for Controlling Hogplum Beetle Podontia 14-punctata under Laboratory and Field Conditions
Authors: Uddin MJ , Khan MMH
Published: August 2015

Experiments on hogplum beetle, Podontia 14-punctata were carried out to find out the suitable insecticide(s) with appropriate dose(s) for suppressing both larvae and adults. Results revealed that the highest mortality (100%) was found in 1st instar larvae after 24 hours at each dose of superior 505EC and the lowest mortality was in T4 treated leaves. The highest mortality was also found in 2nd, 3rd, 4th and adult stages of hog-plum beetle by T5 and T6 treatments. No mortality was observed in control treatment in laboratory trial. The mean number of larvae ranged from 1.5 to 7.6 per square meter of quadrate at one week after last spray. No significant difference was observed among treatments regarding percent leaf infestation at one day before 1st spray. The percent leaf infestation ranged from 5.01 to 9.82 at one week after last spray. The lowest percent (5.87%) leaf infestation was found in T6 treated plants while the highest percent (15.76%) leaf infestation was found in untreated control plants. The highest mortality was observed in T5 and T6 treated plants at all larval instars and no significant difference was found between two doses of each insecticide under field condition. The results of field trial also revealed that the minimum dose (0.75 ml L-1 of water) of Superior 505 EC is sufficient to suppress the field population of larvae and adults of Podontia 14-punctata effectively. Finally, it may be concluded that the highest mortality was found in all larval instars and adult stage of hog-plum beetle after 24 hours at each dose of superior 505 EC (T5 and T6 treatments) both in laboratory and field trials.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 79-83 2015
Investigation of Some Water Quality Parameters of Pond Water under Mymensingh Municipality
Authors: Zannat F , Ali MA , Sattar MA
Published: August 2015

A study was conducted to evaluate the water quality parameters of pond water at Mymensingh Urban region. The water samples were collected from 30 ponds located at Mymensingh Urban Region during August to October 2010. The chemical analyses of water samples included pH, EC, Na, K, Ca, S, Mn and As were done by standard methods. The chemical properties in pond water were found pH 6.68 to 7.14, EC 227 to 700 ?Scm-1, Na 15.57 to 36.00 ppm, K 3.83 to 16.16 ppm, Ca 2.01 to 7.29 ppm, S 1.61 to 4.67 ppm, Mn 0.33 to 0.684 ppm and As 0.0011 to 0.0059 ppm. The pH values of water samples revealed that water samples were acidic to slightly alkaline in nature. The EC value revealed that water samples were medium salinity except one sample and also good for irrigation. According to drinking water standard Mn toxicity was detected in pond water. Considering Na, Ca and S ions pond water was safe for irrigation and aquaculture. In case of K ion, all the samples were suitable for irrigation but unsuitable for aquaculture.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 85-89 2015
A Study on Rain Water Harvesting and Comparative Cost Analysis with Withdrawal of Underground Water around Gazipur City
Authors: Ashraful AM , Islam MM
Published: August 2015

Rain water harvesting is a technology used to supply water for domestic purposes in developing countries. During dry weather, dust and other pollutants accumulate on the roof surface and are washed off at the beginning of the next rain. The initial contaminated volume of water flowing from a roof after a rain storm is known as the first flush and research has shown that diverting it from the main supply can improve the quality of stored water. An integrated planning for Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting system for different institutes in the premises an educational complex is done. The main objectives of the study are to estimate the roof top rain water harvesting potential and comparative cost analysis with withdrawal underground water.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 91-94 2015
Prospects of Renewable Energy at Rural Areas in Bangladesh: Policy Analysis
Authors: Kabir KMH , Uddin MK
Published: August 2015

Presently the country faces a peak load shortage of 30% of total demand and the shortage of gas supply resulting in about 10% of power plants leaving idle. It also reveals that about 1-2% GDP growth declined annually owing to the shortage of energy and poorer ability of power generation. The present study seeks to analyze the issues and challenges of renewable energy (RE) in Bangladesh with special emphasis on prospects of energy generation at rural areas of Bangladesh and subsequent policy analyses. Electricity generation through RE and implementation of energy efficiency and conservation including the RE policies and their analyses will explore to meet the future unmet demand in power sector. Lessening of dependency on natural gas is one of the top agenda of the government, in addition Bangladesh has enormous prospects of RE (solar energy) to meet the unmet demand particularly at the remote and off grid areas. By this time, the government of Bangladesh has planned to generate 5% of generation (i.e., 800MW) by 2015 and subsequently 10% (i.e., 2000MW) by 2020 from renewable sources and 20% of total generation by nuclear, renewable and cross border by 2030 out of40,000 MW total expected generations. In this paper possible attempts have been made to identify the problems and prospects related to the RE particularly for solar energy at rural areas and their possible recommendations for future development towards achieving millennium goal.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 105-113 2015
Effect of Water Quality, Environmental Sanitation and Hygiene Practices on Health of School Going Children of Urban Slum Areas
Authors: Haque MA , Haque MN , Sultana MM , Hossen SM , Paul S
Published: August 2015

The study was carried out among the 246 school going children of urban slum of Tangail district and random sampling methods were applied. Slum population has been increasing in Bangladesh over the last three decades along with the growth and expansion of cities and towns.The facilities in urban slums were very much unsatisfactory due to lack of proper water supply and adequate hygiene and sanitation facilities. The good hygienic and sanitation knowledge and the practice have been found to be significantly low among the slum dwellers of Tangail district. Thewater supply and sanitation condition are improving very slowly in the urban slums of Tangail. Majority (94.7%) of the slum people use tube well water for drinking, cleaning and household purposes. The dustbin facility was the most neglected sector in these slums. Besides, Solid waste management and drainage system were totally unsatisfactory. It was observed that houses, shops, drains, roads etc. have been constructed unplanned and solid wastes were preserved on open places. Majority (58.1%) of the children did not ware sandal while going to latrine and did not cut finger nail regularly (54.5%). Most of the slum dwellers (63.4%) did not use cover for safety of the prepared food. It was observed that there was presence of pet/animal/insect in food preparation area of maximum households. Most of the people were unaware about toilet cleaning regularly. Findings of the study showed that 40.7% children were underweight, 28.9% children were stunted and 31.3% children were wasted. The child morbidity rate was high. Water quality, environmental sanitation and hygiene practices were positively correlated (r = 0 to +1) with health status of school going children. Thewater quality, environmental sanitation and hygiene practices have significant impact (p? 0.05) on the health of school going children of these slums.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 115-119 2015
Hospital Waste Generation and Management in Mymensingh Municipality
Authors: Islam MA , Mobin MN , Baten MA , Hossen MAM , Islam MJ
Published: August 2015

The study was conducted on hospital waste generation in Mymensingh municipality and also its management technique. Data was collected through questionnaire interview from local residents, superintendents, nurses, observation and secondary sources. The results revealed that wastes are collected every alternative day and though sometime in irregular basis. Hospital wastes causes different health hazards like bad smell, infestation of animals, diarrhoea, skin diseases etc. due to irregular collection, unsafe handling, disposal, storage, transportation and finally dumped with municipal wastes. Shortage of dustbin is common in every hospitals and clinics in Mymensingh municipality. The study also revealed that 1500-2000 kg wastes were generated per day in Mymensingh municipality area in which 25% infectious and 75% non- infectious. These huge amount of wastes could be treated or disposed by the process like incineration, deep-burial, local autoclaving, micro waving, disinfections destruction & drugs disposal in secured landfills, chemical treatment etc.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 135-138 2015
Effect of Prilled Urea, Urea and NPK Briquettes on the Yield of Bitter Gourd in Two Upazillas of Jessore District
Authors: Akter H , Tarafder SK , Huda A , Mahmud AA
Published: August 2015

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of deep placement of urea and NPK briquettes compared to broadcast application of prilled urea for bitter gourd production during the Kharif-1 season of 2013. The experiments were conducted in two locations in Jessore district, Chowgacha and Jessore sadar. Seven treatments were designed to evaluate crops response: T1: Control, T2: Farmers practice, T3: Recommended doses of all fertilizers except N, T4: Recommended doses of all fertilizers, T5: Urea briquette + other fertilizers, T6: NPK briquette + other fertilizers and T7: NPK briquette + other fertilizers except cowdung. The rate of urea and NPK briquette was 10 percent less than the rate of recommended prilled urea. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The sizes of NPK and urea briquette were 3.4 g and 2.7 g, respectively. The recommended fertilizer doses were used to supply N, P, K, S, Zn and B from Urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum, zinc sulphate (hepta) and boric acid, respectively. The results showed that deep placement of NPK briquette gave significantly the highest yield of bitter gourd (32.16 tha-1) followed by urea briquette (30.45 tha-1) which were 12.34 and 7.41 percent higher over recommended doses of all fertilizers. The highest N recovery (77.4 %) was found when 72 kg N ha-1 was applied as NPK briquette.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 157-160 2015
Unicameral bone cyst of the patella in a young dog
Authors: Briotti F. , Beale B. , Petazzoni M.
Published: August 2015

This report describes a case of a solitary unicameral patellar bone cyst in a young dog. A five-month-old, male Dobermann Pinscher dog was referred for a 10-day left hindlimb lameness. A mild swelling of the peripatellar soft tissues of the left patella was detected upon physical examination. Signs of pain were elicited upon direct palpation of the patella. Radiographic examination revealed an oval radiolucency within the medullary cavity at the base of the left patella. Radiographic examination, arthroscopy, and histopathology findings supported the diagnosis of a benign patellar bone cyst. The condition was treated by surgical curettage and autogenous bone graft harvested from the ipsilateral proximal tibia. Clinical signs, including lameness and signs of pain upon deep palpation, disappeared three weeks after surgery. Follow-up re-evaluation five years after surgery revealed no recurrence of the cyst and the patient was asymptomatic.
Deproto-metallation of N-arylated pyrroles and indoles using a mixed lithium–zinc base and regioselectivity-computed CH acidity relationship
Authors: Messaoud Mohamed Yacine Ameur , Bentabed-Ababsa Ghenia , Hedidi Madani , Derdour Aïcha , Chevallier Floris , Halauko Yury S , Ivashkevich Oleg A , Matulis Vadim E , Picot Laurent , Thiéry Valérie , Roisnel Thierry , Dorcet Vincent , Mongin Florence
Published: August 2015

The synthesis of N-arylated pyrroles and indoles is documented, as well as their functionalization by deprotonative metallation using the base in situ prepared from LiTMP and ZnCl2·TMEDA (1/3 equiv). With N-phenylpyrrole and -indole, the reactions were carried out in hexane containing TMEDA which regioselectively afforded the 2-iodo derivatives after subsequent iodolysis. With pyrroles and indoles bearing N-substituents such as 2-thienyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-methoxyphenyl and 4-bromophenyl, the reactions all took place on the substituent, at the position either adjacent to the heteroatom (S, N) or ortho to the heteroatom-containing substituent (OMe, Br). The CH acidities of the substrates were determined in THF solution using the DFT B3LYP method in order to rationalize the experimental results.