bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Poor Match among Different Precessing Gravitational Waveforms
Authors: Tápai Márton , Pintér Viktória , Tarjányi Tamás , Keresztes Zoltán , Gergely László
Published: March 2018

The sixfold direct detection of gravitational waves opened the era of gravitational wave astronomy. All of these gravitational waves were emitted by black hole or neutron star binaries. The determination of the parameters characterizing compact binaries requires the accurate knowledge of waveforms. Three different waveforms (Spin Dominated, SpinTaylorT4 and Spinning Effective One Body fitted to Numerical Relativity, SEOBNR) are considered in the spin-aligned and precessing cases, in the parameter ranges where the larger spin dominates over the orbital angular momentum. The degeneracy in the parameter space of each waveform is analyzed, then the matches among the waveforms are investigated. Our results show that in the spin-aligned case only the inspiral Spin-dominated and SpinTaylorT4 waveforms agree well with each other. The highest matches of these with SEOBNR are at different parameters as compared to where SEOBNR shows the best match with itself, reflecting SEOBNR being full inspiral-merger-ringdown waveform, with coefficients fitted to numerical relativity, rather than arising from post-Newtonian (PN) calculations. In the precessing case, the matches between the pairs of all waveforms are significantly lower. We identify possible causes of this in (1) the implementation of the angular dynamics carried out at different levels of accuracy for different waveforms; (2) differences in the inclusiveness of the merger process and in the PN coefficients of the inspiral waveforms (Spin-Dominated, SpinTaylorT4) and the full SEOBNR waveform.
Intra-Urban Microclimate Effects on Phenology
Authors: Parece Tammy , Campbell James
Published: March 2018

The urban heat island effect is commonly defined as the thermal differences between cooler rural and warmer urban areas, but it also refers to microclimatic differences within an urban area that arises from varied combinations of land cover related to different land uses. Microclimatic variations should also produce intra-urban differences in vegetation phenophases, although few studies have investigated urban phenology. Most phenological studies are usually regional to continental in scale, predominantly tracking changes in start of season related to climate change. This study reports results of an exploratory analysis using TIMESAT (Lund University, Lund, Sweden) software and MODIS NDVI 250-m resolution data (Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA) to identify intra-urban differences in start of season for the City of Roanoke, Virginia. We compare these results to our in-situ temperature collection campaign. Additionally, we completed an in-situ start of season data collection by observing select tree species. Our results demonstrate that MODIS, processed by TIMESAT software, identified intra-urban start of season variations, and these variations are consistent with differing intra-urban microclimates and our in-situ start of season observations. Furthermore, results from such analyses can aid plans for increasing the urban tree canopy or in cultivating locations for urban agriculture—i.e., warmer areas with a longer growing season could accommodate warmer weather trees and crops.
A Thermodynamical Approach for Evaluating Energy Consumption of the Nanofiltration-Crystallization Process on Selective Separation of Chloride and Sulfate
Authors: Du Ming-yuan , Zeng Lan-mu , Wang Xiao-lin
Published: March 2018

Nanofiltration (NF) coupling processes have been applied to treat high salinity wastewater in many studies. The main reason that affects the industrialization of the wastewater treatment is the high cost, which is mainly caused by the energy consumption of the entire system. Therefore, how to evaluate the energy consumption of different process configurations is an important issue. In this work, a thermodynamical approach was explained in detail, which could be used for evaluating energy consumption for pressure-driven membrane processes (e.g., NF and reverse osmosis) and osmotically driven membrane processes (e.g., forward osmosis). The coupling process configurations of NF, reverse osmosis (RO) and crystallization (Cryst) were selected to evaluate the energy consumption for high NaCl and Na2SO4 concentration wastewater in this paper. Four different process configurations (NF-Cryst, RO-Cryst, RO-NF-Cryst, NF-RO-Cryst) were simulated using Aspen Plus. The processes were discussed using a thermodynamical approach with a customized NF model. The electrolyte Non-Random Two-Liquid (electrolyte-NRTL) model was employed to calculate the thermodynamic properties of the solutions. The simulation results showed that the energy consumption per cubic meter of treated water (Ewater) in NF-Cryst and NF-RO-Cryst processes were lower than that of RO-Cryst and RO-NF-Cryst. When c f , N a 2 S O 4 was low (e.g., 15 g·L−1), there was not much difference in energy consumption between NF-Cryst and NF-RO-Cryst processes. Moreover, the high efficiency of NF was revealed in the separation of salt and decrease in the energy consumption of the whole process.
Implementation of a Two-Source Model for Estimating the Spatial Variability of Olive Evapotranspiration Using Satellite Images and Ground-Based Climate Data
Authors: Fuentes-Peñailillo Fernando , Ortega-Farías Samuel , Acevedo-Opazo César , Fonseca-Luengo David
Published: March 2018

A study was carried out to evaluate the potential use of the two-source Shuttleworth and Wallace (SW) model to compute the intra-orchard spatial variability of actual evapotranspiration (ET) of olive trees using satellite images and ground-based climate data. The study was conducted in a drip-irrigated olive orchard using satellite images (Landsat 7 ETM+), which were acquired on clear sky days during the main phenological stages (2009/10 growing season). The performance of the SW model was evaluated using instantaneous latent heat flux (LE) measurements that were obtained from an eddy correlation system. At the time of satellite overpass, the estimated values of net radiation ( Rn i ) and soil heat flux ( G i ) were compared with ground measurements from a four-way net radiometer and soil heat flux plates, respectively. The results indicated that the SW model subestimated instantaneous LE (W m−2) and daily ET (mm d−1), with errors of 12% and 10% of observed values, respectively. The root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) values for instantaneous LE were 26 and 20 W m−2, while those for daily values of ET were 0.31 and 0.28 mm d−1, respectively. Finally, the submodels computed Rn i and G i with errors of between 4.0% and 8.0% of measured values and with RMSE and MAE between 25 and 39 W m−2.
Real-Time Flood Control by Tree-Based Model Predictive Control Including Forecast Uncertainty: A Case Study Reservoir in Turkey
Authors: Uysal Gökçen , Alvarado-Montero Rodolfo , Schwanenberg Dirk , Şensoy Aynur
Published: March 2018

Optimal control of reservoirs is a challenging task due to conflicting objectives, complex system structure, and uncertainties in the system. Real time control decisions suffer from streamflow forecast uncertainty. This study aims to use Probabilistic Streamflow Forecasts (PSFs) having a lead-time up to 48 h as input for the recurrent reservoir operation problem. A related technique for decision making is multi-stage stochastic optimization using scenario trees, referred to as Tree-based Model Predictive Control (TB-MPC). Deterministic Streamflow Forecasts (DSFs) are provided by applying random perturbations on perfect data. PSFs are synthetically generated from DSFs by a new approach which explicitly presents dynamic uncertainty evolution. We assessed different variables in the generation of stochasticity and compared the results using different scenarios. The developed real-time hourly flood control was applied to a test case which had limited reservoir storage and restricted downstream condition. According to hindcasting closed-loop experiment results, TB-MPC outperforms the deterministic counterpart in terms of decreased downstream flood risk according to different independent forecast scenarios. TB-MPC was also tested considering different number of tree branches, forecast horizons, and different inflow conditions. We conclude that using synthetic PSFs in TB-MPC can provide more robust solutions against forecast uncertainty by resolution of uncertainty in trees.
The Magnitude and Cost of Groundwater Metering and Control in Agriculture
Authors: Ursitti Armando , Giannoccaro Giacomo , Prosperi Maurizio , De Meo Emilio , De Gennaro Bernardo
Published: March 2018

Volumetric pricing as envisaged within the Water Framework Directive (60/2000) is a considerable challenge in terms of irrigation in Mediterranean regions, since a large share of the water source is groundwater. Enforcing this pricing scheme involves systematic metering and control (M&C) systems with subsequent high costs. This paper aims to fill the gap in the literature related to the assessment of costs for the metering and control of irrigation groundwater. The full operational cost of all activities related to the hypothetical services provided by a public agency is assessed for Apulia (a region in southern Italy). The results show that point-to-point metering services are quite costly, ranging from 38.5 to 59 euros per delivery point. New questions arise regarding whether the M&C of groundwater abstraction should be fully charged to end users (i.e., farmers), or also shared with the whole society as a public service aimed at environmental enhancement.
Effects of Drip Irrigation Models on Chemical Clogging under Saline Water Use in Hetao District, China
Authors: Zhangzhong Lili , Yang Peiling , Zheng Wengang , Wang Caiyuan , Zhang Chong , Niu Minglei
Published: March 2018

Saline water is a major resource for agricultural irrigation in arid-semi arid regions, especially when it is combined with drip irrigation. However, highly saline water can easily cause clogging of the emitters in drip irrigation systems, adversely affecting crop growth. Hence, a 2a processing tomatoes drip irrigation study was conducted in Hetao irrigation district. The chemical clogging of the emitters was analyzed using four drip irrigation models: RI1 (all fresh water irrigation), RI2 (saline water use in the flowering stage, fresh water in the fruiting stage), RI3 (fresh water use in the flowering stage, saline water in the fruiting stage), and RI4 (all saline water irrigation). The results revealed that the discharge ratio variation (Dra) and the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU) of RI4 decreased to 74.0% and 70.9%, respectively, which is considered as a clogged condition with poor irrigation uniformity. When compared to the all saline water irrigation model, the Dra and CU of fresh-saline alternating irrigation models (RI2 and RI3) were higher by 12.16% and 18.05%, respectively. Additionally, the dry weight (DW) of emitters fouling was less than that of RI4 by 16.30%. The Dra and CU showed linear relationships (R2 > 0.79) for the different irrigation models. However, as the Dra declined, the more adverse influence on maintaining the high CU was found in RI4. Using irrigation models with alternating fresh-saline water were recommended to control chemical clogging in drip irrigation systems. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was the dominant scale formed, which caused the emitters to clog when processing tomatoes were grown using a drip irrigation system with saline water.
Cyclodextrin inhibits zinc corrosion by destabilizing point defect formation in the oxide layer
Authors: Altin Abdulrahman , Krzywiecki Maciej , Sarfraz Adnan , Toparli Cigdem , Laska Claudius , Kerger Philipp , Zeradjanin Aleksandar , Mayrhofer Karl J J , Rohwerder Michael , Erbe Andreas
Published: March 2018

Corrosion inhibitors are added in low concentrations to corrosive solutions for reducing the corrosion rate of a metallic material. Their mechanism of action is typically the blocking of free metal surface by adsorption, thus slowing down dissolution. This work uses electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to show the cyclic oligosaccharide β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to inhibit corrosion of zinc in 0.1M chloride with an inhibition efficiency of up to 85%. Only a monomolecular adsorption layer of β-CD is present on the surface of the oxide covered metal, with Raman spectra of the interface proving the adsorption of the intact β-CD. Angular dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ADXPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) were used to extract a band-like diagram of the β-CD/ZnO interface, showing a large energy level shift at the interface, closely resembling the energy level alignment in an n–p junction. The energy level shift is too large to permit further electron transfer through the layer, inhibiting corrosion. Adsorption hence changes the defect density in the protecting ZnO layer. This mechanism of corrosion inhibition shows that affecting the defect chemistry of passivating films by molecular inhibitors maybe a viable strategy to control corrosion of metals.
Orbit and Dynamical Mass of the Late-T Dwarf GL 758 B*
Authors: Bowler Brendan P. , Dupuy Trent J. , Endl Michael , Cochran William D. , MacQueen Phillip J. , Fulton Benjamin J. , Petigura Erik A. , Howard Andrew W. , Hirsch Lea , Kratter Kaitlin M. , Crepp Justin R. , Biller Beth A. , Johnson Marshall C. , Wittenmyer Robert A.
Published: March 2018

Gl 758 B is a late-T dwarf orbiting a metal-rich Sun-like star at a projected separation of ρ ≈ 1.″6 (25 au). We present four epochs of astrometry of this system with NIRC2 at Keck Observatory spanning 2010 to 2017 together with 630 radial velocities (RVs) of the host star acquired over the past two decades from McDonald Observatory, Keck Observatory, and the Automated Planet Finder at Lick Observatory. The RVs reveal that Gl 758 is accelerating with an evolving rate that varies between 2 and 5 m s−1 yr−1, consistent with the expected influence of the imaged companion Gl 758 B. A joint fit of the RVs and astrometry yields a dynamical mass of

M
Jup for the companion with a robust lower limit of 30.5 M
Jup at the 4-σ level. Gl 758 B is on an eccentric orbit (e = 0.26–0.67 at 95% confidence) with a semimajor axis of a = 

au and an orbital period of P = 

yr, which takes it within ≈9 au from its host star at periastron passage. Substellar evolutionary models generally underpredict the mass of Gl 758 B for nominal ages of 1–6 Gyr that have previously been adopted for the host star. This discrepancy can be reconciled if the system is older—which is consistent with activity indicators and recent isochrone fitting of the host star—or alternatively if the models are systematically overluminous by ≈0.1–0.2 dex. Gl 758 B is currently the lowest-mass directly imaged companion inducing a measured acceleration on its host star. In the future, bridging RVs and high-contrast imaging with the next generation of extremely large telescopes and space-based facilities will open the door to the first dynamical mass measurements of imaged exoplanets.
Infrared Spectroscopy of Carbonaceous-chondrite Inclusions in the Kapoeta Meteorite: Discovery of Nanodiamonds with New Spectral Features and Astrophysical Implications
Authors: Abdu Yassir A. , Hawthorne Frank C. , Varela Maria E.
Published: March 2018

We report the finding of nanodiamonds, coexisting with amorphous carbon, in carbonaceous-chondrite (CC) material from the Kapoeta achondritic meteorite by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. In the C–H stretching region (3100–2600 cm−1), the FTIR spectrum of the Kapoeta CC material (KBr pellet) shows bands attributable to aliphatic CH2 and CH3 groups, and is very similar to IR spectra of organic matter in carbonaceous chondrites and the diffuse interstellar medium. Nanodiamonds, as evidenced by micro-Raman spectroscopy, were found in a dark region (∼400 μm in size) in the KBr pellet. Micro-FTIR spectra collected from this region are dramatically different from the KBr-pellet spectrum, and their C–H stretching region is dominated by a strong and broad absorption band centered at ∼2886 cm−1 (3.47 μm), very similar to that observed in IR absorption spectra of hydrocarbon dust in dense interstellar clouds. Micro-FTIR spectroscopy also indicates the presence of an aldehyde and a nitrile, and both of the molecules are ubiquitous in dense interstellar clouds. In addition, IR peaks in the 1500–800 cm−1 region are also observed, which may be attributed to different levels of nitrogen aggregation in diamonds. This is the first evidence for the presence of the 3.47 μm interstellar IR band in meteorites. Our results further support the assignment of this band to tertiary CH groups on the surfaces of nanodiamonds. The presence of the above interstellar bands and the absence of shock features in the Kapoeta nanodiamonds, as indicated by Raman spectroscopy, suggest formation by a nebular-condensation process similar to chemical-vapor deposition.
Interstellar Object ’Oumuamua as an Extinct Fragment of an Ejected Cometary Planetesimal
Authors: Raymond Sean N. , Armitage Philip J. , Veras Dimitri
Published: March 2018

’Oumuamua was discovered passing through our solar system on a hyperbolic orbit. It presents an apparent contradiction, with colors similar to those of volatile-rich solar system bodies but with no visible outgassing or activity during its close approach to the Sun. Here, we show that this contradiction can be explained by the dynamics of planetesimal ejection by giant planets. We propose that ’Oumuamua is an extinct fragment of a comet-like planetesimal born a planet-forming disk that also formed Neptune- to Jupiter-mass giant planets. On its pathway to ejection ’Oumuamua’s parent body underwent a close encounter with a giant planet and was tidally disrupted into small pieces, similar to comet Shoemaker–Levy 9’s disruption after passing close to Jupiter. We use dynamical simulations to show that 0.1%–1% of cometary planetesimals undergo disruptive encounters prior to ejection. Rocky asteroidal planetesimals are unlikely to disrupt due to their higher densities. After disruption, the bulk of fragments undergo enough close passages to their host stars to lose their surface volatiles and become extinct. Planetesimal fragments such as ’Oumuamua contain little of the mass in the population of interstellar objects but dominate by number. Our model makes predictions that will be tested in the coming decade by the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope.
A High-precision Trigonometric Parallax to an Ancient Metal-poor Globular Cluster∗
Authors: Brown T. M. , Casertano S. , Strader J. , Riess A. , VandenBerg D. A. , Soderblom D. R. , Kalirai J. , Salinas R.
Published: March 2018

Using the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we have obtained a direct trigonometric parallax for the nearest metal-poor globular cluster, NGC 6397. Although trigonometric parallaxes have been previously measured for many nearby open clusters, this is the first parallax for an ancient metal-poor population—one that is used as a fundamental template in many stellar population studies. This high-precision measurement was enabled by the HST/WFC3 spatial-scanning mode, providing hundreds of astrometric measurements for dozens of stars in the cluster and also for Galactic field stars along the same sightline. We find a parallax of 0.418 ± 0.013 ± 0.018 mas (statistical, systematic), corresponding to a true distance modulus of 11.89 ± 0.07 ± 0.09 mag (2.39 ± 0.07 ± 0.10 kpc). The V luminosity at the stellar main-sequence turnoff implies an absolute cluster age of 13.4 ± 0.7 ± 1.2 Gyr.
Impact des patients « bed blockers » sur les coûts hospitaliers et évaluation des obstacles à la sortie, étude prospective au sein de quatre hôpitaux belges
Authors: De Foor Julie , Leclercq Pol , Van Den Bulcke Julie , Pirson Magali
Published: March 2018

Introduction : Les hôpitaux constatent régulièrement que la durée de séjour à l’hôpital de certains patients est prolongée bien que leur présence ne soit plus justifiée par des raisons médicales. Le manque d’infrastructures extrahospitalières pouvant accueillir des patients après une hospitalisation peut avoir un impact sur les coûts des hôpitaux. L’objectif de l’étude est d’établir les profils des patients bed blockers , d’identifier les obstacles à leur sortie, le besoin en structures d’accueil adéquates après l’hospitalisation, de calculer la durée excédentaire du séjour, et d’en évaluer le coût pour les hôpitaux. Méthodes : Une enquête a été réalisée dans quatre hôpitaux belges. Les patients qui sont toujours hospitalisés, alors que l’autorisation médicale de sortie remonte à plus de 24 heures, ont été recensés sur une période de 21 ou 30 jours. L’étude se concentre sur 93 patients. Résultats : Nous distinguons quatre profils de patients bed blockers . 33% des patients sont en attente d’un lit en maison de repos et de soins (MRS) ou une maison de repos pour personnes âgées (MRPA) (groupe A). Ils ont une durée de séjour excédentaire moyenne (écart type) de 13 jours (12), ce qui représente un coût moyen par patient de 8.197 EUR pour l’hôpital. Les patients du groupe B ont besoin d’un accueil temporaire pour leur permettre de restaurer leur autonomie avant de retourner dans leur environnement familial naturel (21%). Ils ont une durée excédentaire moyenne de 3 jours (2), ce qui représente un coût moyen de 2.392 EUR. Les patients du groupe C nécessitent de la revalidation après l’hospitalisation (34%). Ils ont une durée de séjour excédentaire moyenne de 11 jours (18), ce qui représente un coût moyen par patient de 10.070 EUR. Le groupe D reprend les patients pour lesquels il n’existe pas ou peu de solutions de placement. Ils représentent 11% de la population étudiée et ont des profils variés et hétérogènes. L’obstacle principal à la sortie des patients de l’hôpital est un problème de disponibilité ou d’absence de l’offre de soins. Discussion/Conclusion : Les résultats montrent la nécessité de développer des lits de revalidation et de maisons de repos comme première solution permettant la sortie de patients dans des délais raisonnables.
Maillage territorial des établissements de santé : apport des modèles issus de la théorie des graphes
Authors: Le Meur Nolwenn , Ferrat Lauric , Gao Fei , Quidu Frédérique , Louazel Michel
Published: March 2018

La recomposition hospitalière observable depuis plus de 20 ans en France résulte de décisions prises dans le cadre des politiques de planification et des stratégies adoptées par les établissements. Au-delà de ses conséquences, comment dans un premier temps rendre compte du maillage territorial des établissements de santé ? Pour identifier les facteurs caractérisant la topologie du maillage, les statistiques de test conventionnelles sont inadaptées. Aussi nous proposons dans cet article méthodologique, d’étudier l’utilité des modèles issus de la théorie des graphes pour la modélisation des transferts de patients entre établissements de courts séjours (i.e. Médecine-Chirurgie-Obstétrique, MCO) et établissements de soins de suites et réadaptation (SSR) à partir du Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d’Information (PMSI). Les modèles Erdös-Renyi (ER) et les modèles à séquences contraintes sur les degrés ( Constrainted Degree Sequence Model , CDSM) testent la significativité des mesures d’assortativité. Dans notre étude, ils démontrent entre autre la propension des établissements de même statut juridique à échanger des patients entre-eux. Les modèles en blocs permettent de créer des clusters d’établissements sur la base des caractéristiques communes. Dans notre contexte, ils soulignent notamment la dynamique territoriale des échanges entre établissements. Enfin, les modèles à graphes aléatoires exponentiels ( Exponential Random Graph Models ou ERGM) et la mesure d’assortativité mesurent l’influence simultanée de la proximité géographique et des statuts juridiques dans la relation entre les établissements. En conclusion, les méthodes issues de la théorie des graphes offrent des perspectives pour identifier et quantifier l’impact de facteurs pouvant influencer la topologie des relations hospitalières.
L’éthique du complexe scientifico-technique selon Dominique Dubarle
Authors: Faes Hubert
Published: March 2018

D. Dubarle, dominicain, épistémologue, a réfléchi dans de nombreux articles sur l’impact des sciences et des techniques dans l’histoire et les sociétés humaines. Selon les grandes lignes de cette réflexion, le complexe scientifico-technique n’est en rien promesse d’un mal ou d’un bien assuré pour l’humanité, mais il entraîne des formes nouvelles d’action et de socialisation qui sont un défi éthique et politique. Il invitait à prospecter l’avenir qu’il nous prépare et de reconnaître les responsabilités qui nous incombent. Malgré certaines apparences, ses réflexions demeurent d’actualité.
Are the RNA:DNA ratio and dry-weight-at-length suitable growth proxies for brown shrimps (Crangon crangon)?
Authors: Hufnagl Marc , Temming Axel
Published: March 2018

Growth rates are of fundamental interest for studying population dynamics of species when no age information is available. In these cases in situ growth proxies must be identified and validated, and here we tested whether RNA-DNA ratio (RD) and dry weight condition (DWC) can act as such proxies for the shrimp Crangon crangon. Growth rates (mm d–1) were determined for male and female shrimps (20 to 67 mm) reared at five different temperatures (5°C to 25°C) and caught in two different months (May, July). Due to the potential interactive effects of the factors sex, size, temperature and time, different statistical analysis were applied to test for linear interactions (factorial analysis of mixed data, FAMDs), nonlinear additive effects (generalized additive models, GAMs) and nonlinear interactions (nonlinear regression combined with GAMs). The FAMD indicated positive correlations between length, month and growth rate. A positive correlation between DWC and sex and between RD and temperature was also indicated. RD was not significant in the GAM but a nonlinear link between length, temperature and growth was found. Finally, an extended Bertalanffy growth model was fitted to sex-specific growth rates and in a second step a GAM was fitted to the differences (residuals) between observed and predicted growth. RD again had no significant explanatory power for growth and, although it is a commonly used growth proxy, we concluded that it is not a suitable index for evaluating length growth of C. crangon.
Teoria fundamentada nos dados como referencial metodológico para pesquisas com famílias na enfermagem brasileira/ Grounded theory as a methodological reference for research with families in brazilian nursing
Authors: Gomes Joseila Sonego , Girardon-Perlini Nara Marilene Oliveira , Coppetti Larissa De Carli , Dalmolin Angélica
Published: March 2018

A Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados extrai experiências dos atores sociais atribuindo-lhes aspectos significativos, permite interligar constructos e potencializar a expansão do conhecimento. Construída com base em dados reais, possibilita estudar processos interacionais familiares e questões emergentes para o desenvolvimento da enfermagem da família. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar e analisar as tendências na construção do conhecimento da enfermagem brasileira acerca dos estudos com famílias, os quais utilizaram teoria fundamentada nos dados como referencial metodológico. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa, realizada em teses e dissertações disponíveis nos Catálogos do Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas em Enfermagem. A busca obteve, como resultado, 124 documentos; desses, 30 compuseram o corpus da revisão. Tais estudos abordaram famílias em situações de adoecimento, a discutir sentimentos e dificuldades enfrentadas na situação vivida. Frente às necessidades de adaptações, a família reorganiza-se, redefine valores e estrutura-se para cuidar do familiar doente, visando a manter o equilíbrio. Percebe-se haver uma lacuna quanto a pesquisas embasadas metodologicamente na Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, realizadas com famílias que vivenciam momentos de adaptações em razão de transições do seu ciclo de desenvolvimento.
Historical Real Estate Valuation by Cost Approach
Authors: Burada Cristian Oliviu , Demetrescu Traian Cristian
Published: March 2018

Compared to modern buildings, historical real estate features features that give them a special status: the architectural style of the epoch, the old materials or the built-in building methods, the high rehabilitation costs or the legal restrictions on their intervention. Therefore, in evaluating a historical real estate property, evaluators need to undertake additional, sometimes atypical, steps compared to assessing a modern property. Assessing a historical real estate property by cost has particularities that distinguish it from the assessment of a modern building.
Insights into the Performance of SD Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan Rapid Diagnostic Test and Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein 2 Gene Variation in Madagascar
Authors: Willie Nigani , Mehlotra Rajeev K. , Howes Rosalind E. , Rakotomanga Tovonahary A. , Ramboarina Stephanie , Ratsimbasoa Arsène C. , Zimmerman Peter A.
Published: March 2018

Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) forms the basis of many current malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). However, the parasites lacking part or all of the pfhrp2 gene do not express the PfHRP2 protein and are, therefore, not identifiable by PfHRP2-detecting RDTs. We evaluated the performance of the SD Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan RDT together with pfhrp2 variation in Madagascar. Genomic DNA isolated from 260 patient blood samples were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–amplified for the parasite 18S rRNA and pfhrp2 genes. Post-PCR ligation detection reaction-fluorescent microsphere assay (LDR-FMA) was performed for the identification of parasite species. Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 amplicons were sequenced. Polymerase chain reaction diagnosis of patient samples showed that 29% (75/260) were infected and P. falciparum was present in 95% (71/75) of these PCR-positive samples. Comparing RDT and P. falciparum detection by LDR-FMA, eight samples were RDT negative but P. falciparum positive (false negatives), all of which were pfhrp2 positive. The sensitivity and specificity of the RDT were 87% and 90%, respectively. Seventy-three samples were amplified for pfhrp2, from which nine randomly selected amplicons were sequenced, yielding 13 sequences. Amplification of pfhrp2, combined with RDT analysis and P. falciparum detection by LDR-FMA, showed that there was no indication of pfhrp2 deletion. Sequence analysis of pfhrp2 showed that the correlation between pfhrp2 sequence structure and RDT detection rates was unclear. Although the observed absence of pfhrp2 deletion from the samples screened here is encouraging, continued monitoring of the efficacy of the SD Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan RDT for malaria diagnosis in Madagascar is warranted.
Geochemistry of the dissolved loads of rivers in Southeast Coastal Region, China: Anthropogenic impact on chemical weathering and carbon sequestration
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Xu Zhifang , Sun Huiguo , Zhao Tong , Shi Chao , Liu Taoze
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Southeast coastal region is the most developed and populated area in China. Meanwhile, it has been the most severe acid rain impacted region for many years. The chemical compositions and carbon isotope ratio of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) of rivers were investigated to evaluate the chemical weathering and associated atmospheric CO2 consumption rates. Mass balance calculation indicated that the dissolved loads of major rivers in the Southeast Coastal Rivers Basin (SECRB) were contributed by atmospheric (14.4 %, 6.6–23.4 %), anthropogenic (17.8 %, 0–55.2 %), silicate weathering (38.3 %, 10.7–74.0 %) and carbonate weathering inputs (29.4 %, 3.9–62.0 %). The silicate and carbonate chemical weathering rates for these river watersheds were 10.0–29.6 t km−2 a−1 and 1.0–54.1 t km−2 a−1, respectively. The associated mean CO2 consumption rate by silicate weathering for the whole SECRB were 167 × 103 mol km−2 a−1. The chemical and δ13CDIC evidences indicated that sulfuric acid (mainly from acid deposition) was significantly involved in chemical weathering of rocks. The calculation showed an overestimation of CO2 consumption at 0.19 × 1012 g C a−1 if sulfuric acid was ignored, which accounted for about 25 % of the total CO2 consumption by silicate weathering in the SECRB. This study quantitatively highlights that the role of sulfuric acid in chemical weathering, suggesting that acid deposition should be considered in studies of chemical weathering and associated CO2 consumption.
Resource and physiological constraints on global crop production enhancements from atmospheric particulate matter and nitrogen deposition
Authors: Schiferl Luke D. , Heald Colette L. , Kelly David
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Changing atmospheric composition, induced primarily by industrialization and climate change, can impact plant health and may have implications for global food security. Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) can enhance crop production through the redistribution of light from sunlight to shaded leaves. Nitrogen transported through the atmosphere can also increase crop production when deposited onto cropland by reducing nutrient limitations in these areas. We employ a crop model (pDSSAT), coupled to input from an atmospheric chemistry model (GEOS-Chem), to predict the impact of PM and nitrogen deposition on crop production. In particular, the crop model considers the resource and physiological restrictions to enhancements in growth from these atmospheric inputs. We find that the global enhancement in crop production due to PM in 2010 under the most realistic scenario is 2.3 %, 11.0 %, and 3.4 % for maize, wheat, and rice, respectively. These crop enhancements are smaller than those previously found when resource restrictions were not accounted for. Using the same model setup, we assess the effect of nitrogen deposition on crops and find modest increases (~ 2 % in global production for all three crops). This study highlights the need for better observations of the impacts of PM on crop growth and the cycling of nitrogen throughout the plant-soil system to reduce uncertainty in these interactions.
A comparative study of auroral morphology distribution between the Northern and Southern Hemisphere based on automatic classification
Authors: Yang Qiuju , Hu Ze-Jun
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Aurora is a very important geophysical phenomenon in the high
latitudes of Arctic and Antarctic regions, and it is important to make a
comparative study of the auroral morphology between the two hemispheres.
Based on the morphological characteristics of the four labeled dayside
discrete auroral types (auroral arc, drapery corona, radial corona
and hot-spot aurora) on the 8001 dayside auroral images at the Chinese Arctic Yellow
River Station in 2003, and by extracting the local binary pattern (LBP)
features and using a k-nearest classifier, this paper performs an automatic
classification of the 65 361 auroral images of the Chinese Arctic Yellow River
Station during 2004–2009 and the 39 335 auroral images of the South Pole
Station between 2003 and 2005. Finally, it obtains the occurrence distribution of
the dayside auroral morphology in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere. The
statistical results indicate that the four dayside discrete auroral types
present a similar occurrence distribution between the two stations. To the best
of our knowledge, we are the first to report statistical comparative
results of dayside auroral morphology distribution between the Northern and
Southern Hemisphere.
An EC-Earth coupled atmosphere-ocean single-column model
(AOSCM) for studying coupled marine and polar processes
Authors: Hartung Kerstin , Svensson Gunilla , Struthers Hamish , Deppenmeier Anna-Lena , Hazeleger Wilco
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Single-column models (SCM) have been used as a tool to develop numerical weather prediction and global climate models for several decades. SCMs decouple small-scale processes from large-scale forcing and thus allow to test physical parameterizations in a controlled environment with reduced computational cost. Typically, either the ocean, sea-ice or atmosphere is fully modelled and assumptions have to be made on the boundary conditions from other subsystems, adding a potential source of errors. Here, we present a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean SCM (AOSCM), including sea-ice, which is related to the global climate model EC-Earth, consisting of NEMO3.6, LIM3, OpenIFS cycle 40r1, and OASIS3-MCT. The AOSCM is tested at three locations: the tropical Atlantic, the midlatitude Pacific and the Arctic. At all three locations in-situ observations are available for comparison. Evaluating model performance with buoy data, soundings and ship based observations, we find that the coupled AOSCM can capture the observed atmospheric and oceanic evolution. Model evolution is sensitive to the initial conditions and forcing data imposed on the column. Coupling several model components while alongside using them individually can help disentangle model feedbacks. Although the model can be extended, we demonstrate that already in the current setup it is a valuable tool to advance our understanding in marine and polar boundary layer processes and the interactions of their coupled components.
Simulation of the future sea level contribution of Greenland with a new glacial system model
Authors: Calov Reinhard , Beyer Sebastian , Greve Ralf , Beckmann Johanna , Willeit Matteo , Kleiner Thomas , Rückamp Martin , Humbert Angelika , Ganopolski Andrey
Published: March 2018

Abstract. We introduce the coupled model of the Greenland glacial system IGLOO 1.0, including the polythermal ice sheet model SICOPOLIS (version 3.3) with hybrid dynamics, the model of basal hydrology HYDRO and a parameterization of submarine melt for marine-terminated outlet glaciers. Aim of this glacial system model is to gain a better understanding of the processes important for the future contribution of the Greenland ice sheet to sea level rise under future climate change scenarios. The ice sheet is initialized via a relaxation towards observed surface elevation, imposing the palaeo-surface temperature over the last glacial cycle. As a present-day reference, we use the 1961-1990 standard climatology derived from simulations of the regional atmosphere model MAR with ERA reanalysis boundary conditions. For the palaeo-part of the spin-up, we add the temperature anomaly derived from the GRIP ice core to the years 1961–1990 average surface temperature field. For our projections, we apply surface temperature and surface mass balance anomalies derived from RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios created by MAR with boundary conditions from simulations with three CMIP5 models. The hybrid ice sheet model is fully coupled with the model of basal hydrology. With this model and the MAR scenarios, we perform simulations to estimate the contribution of the Greenland ice sheet to future sea level rise until the end of the 21st and 23rd centuries. Further on, the impact of elevation-surface mass balance feedback, introduced via the MAR data, on future sea level rise is inspected. In our projections, we found the Greenland ice sheet to contribute to global sea level rise between 1.9 and 13.0 cm until the year 2100 and between 3.5 and 76.4 cm until the year 2300, including our simulated additional sea level rise due to elevation-surface mass balance feedback. Translated into additional sea level rise, the strength of this feedback in the year 2100 varies from 0.4 to 1.7 cm, and in the year 2300 it ranges from 1.7 to 21.8 cm. Additionally, taking Helheim and Store Glaciers as examples, we investigate the role of ocean warming and surface runoff change for the melting of outlet glaciers. It shows that ocean temperature and subglacial discharge are about equally important for the melting of the examined outlet glaciers.
A statistical fracture model for Antarctic ice shelves and glaciers
Authors: Emetc Veronika , Tregoning Paul , Morlighem Mathieu , Borstad Chris , Sambridge Malcolm
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Antarctica and Greenland hold enough ice to raise sea level by more than 65 m if they were to melt completely. Predicting future ice sheet mass balance depends on our ability to model these ice sheets, which is limited by our current understanding of several key physical processes, such as iceberg calving. Large-scale ice flow models either ignore this process or represent it crudely. To model fracture formation, which is an important component of many calving models, Continuum Damage Mechanics as well as Linear Fracture Mechanics are commonly used. However, these methods applied across the Antarctic continent have a large number of uncertainties. Here we present an alternative, statistics-based method to model the most probable zones of nucleation of fractures. We test this approach on all main ice shelf regions in Antarctica, including the Antarctic Peninsula. We can model up to 99 % of observed fractures, with an average rate of 84 % for grounded ice and 61 % for floating ice and mean overestimation error of 26 % and 20 %, respectively, thus providing the basis for modelling calving of ice shelves. We find that Antarctic ice shelves can be classified into groups based on the factors that control fracture location. The factors that trigger fracturing as well as sustain existing fractures advected from upstream vary from one ice shelf to another.
Mastitis pathogens and their resistance against antimicrobial agents in herds of dairy cows situated in marginal parts of Slovakia
Authors: Zigo František , Vasiľ Milan , Elečko Juraj , Zigová Martina , Farkašová Zuzana
Published: March 2018

Marginal regions are relatively large part of the area Slovakia which in terms of the economy breeding ruminants can efficiently produce animal commodities only occasionally. Geographic, social and economic stability of these regions is strongly influenced by breeding of ruminants with market milk production. Mastitis is a disease complex that assumes highest clinical and economic significance in milk animals particularly medium to high yielding dairy cattle, usually in and around periparturient period. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different antibiotics against mastitis causing microorganisms during first month of lactation in two herds of 230 and 310 dairy cows situated in marginal parts of Slovakia. Milk samples from quarters were cultured and identified bacteria were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test by disc diffusion method to a large number of antibiotics. The prevalence of mastitis in the monitored herds of dairy cows was 26.1% to 17.6%, respectively. A total of 1663 milk samples from udder quarters were investigated, 446 (21.3%) samples were positive. No pathogens were isolated from 1663 (78.4%) milk samples. From all tested bacteria Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. which were isolated from subclinical and clinical mastitis, were found amoxicillin + clavulanat and tetradelta to be most effective drug followed by ceftiofur and rifaximin. The significant difference was confirmed between the Staph. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates with respect to their susceptibility to the various antibiotics. Antibiotic susceptibility tests should be done to determine the effectiveness of drug that can be used for successful treatment of diseases. Proper isolation and identification of the causative organism play significant role in prevention and control of the diseases.
Fanconi Syndrome in Irish Wolfhound Siblings
Authors: Bommer Nick X. , Brownlie Serena E. , Morrison Linda R. , Chandler Marge L. , Simpson James W.
Published: March 2018

Three juvenile male Irish wolfhound littermates presented with marked polyuria and polydipsia. The four female siblings were apparently unaffected. Diagnostic testing revealed glucosuria with normoglycemia, generalized aminoaciduria, hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis consistent with Fanconi syndrome. Renal ultrasonographic and histologic findings are presented. Cases were managed with a supplementation regimen based on a treatment protocol for Fanconi syndrome in basenjis. These dogs did not have angular limb deformities as documented previously in juvenile canine siblings with Fanconi syndrome. Fanconi syndrome has not been previously described in Irish wolfhound siblings.
Azotemia and Proteinuria in Dogs Infected with Babesia gibsoni
Authors: Ullal Tarini , Birkenheuer Adam , Vaden Shelly
Published: March 2018

Babesiosis is a hemoprotozoal tick-borne disease that is commonly associated with thrombocytopenia and anemia; however, renal involvement has been documented in dogs. The purpose of this retrospective study was to document azotemia and proteinuria in dogs infected with Babesia sp. and to describe the response to antiprotozoal therapy. The electronic database of the North Carolina State University Vector Borne Disease Laboratory was searched to identify dogs who were diagnosed with babesiosis and to determine if they had proteinuria and/or azotemia. Dogs were excluded if they had coinfections or comorbidities known to cause glomerular injury. Of 35 dogs identified during the initial search, 5 were included; however, only 4 of these dogs had both pre- and posttreatment data. All five dogs were American pit bull terriers or American pit bull terrier-mixed breed dogs, were infected with Babesia gibsoni, and had hypoalbuminemia and proteinuria. Three dogs had azotemia. Responses to antiprotozoal treatment included normalization of (three) or increase in (one) serum albumin, resolution (one) or improvement (one) of azotemia, and reduction in proteinuria (two). Laboratory findings consistent with glomerular disease can be found in Babesia gibsoni-infected dogs, and treatment can lead to improvement of the azotemia and proteinuria.
PLANTAS MEDICINAIS: RELACIONANDO CONHECIMENTO POPULAR E CIENTÍFICO NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE
Authors: Noll Gonçalves Rodrigo , Rodrigues da Silva Noll Gonçalves Jéssica , Da Cruz Magalhães Buffon Marilene , Rejane Bonato Negrelle Raquel
Published: March 2018

Visando contribuir para o fortalecimento do uso adequado de fitoterápicos na Atenção Primária à Saúde, apresenta-se resultado de estudo etnobotânico e etnofarmacológico sobre o uso de plantas medicinais junto à comunidade da área de abrangência da Unidade de Saúde da Família Itambezinho (Campo Largo, Paraná, Brasil). A população amostral foi composta por 31 famílias, sendo que o maior número de entrevistados foram mulheres que possuíam entre 18 e 80 anos de idade, com escolaridade inferior a 8 anos de estudo e renda familiar inferior a 2 salários mínimos. Foram registradas 426 referências etnobotânicas junto aos entrevistados, associadas a 120 espécies predominantemente herbáceas. Dentre as plantas identificadas, as mais citadas para uso geral foram Mentha arvensis L. (35 citações), Melissa officinalis L. (21), Ruta graveolens L. (15), Zingiber officinale Roscoe (14) e Tanacetum vulgare L. (12). As informações etnobotânicas coletadas foram analisadas comparativamente ao exposto em distintas fontes impressas e eletrônicas, no sentido de identificar incongruências quanto a indicações de usos e também riscos de utilização inapropriada.