bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural renewal of the forest in drained pine forests, passed by complex logging
Authors: Смирнов А. П. , Смирнов А. А.
Published: August 2024

Опытные комплексные рубки проводились в разновозрастных сосняках в 1984 г., через 17 лет после устройства каналов на верховом торфянике. Удалялась старовозрастная часть древостоя, в молодой части проводилось разреживание. В год проведения рубок подрост сосны имелся на всех участках в количестве 7-10 тыс. экз./га. В течение последующих 15 лет (к 1999 г.) количество подроста сосны уменьшилось до 0,2-3,3 тыс. экз./га. Еще через 15 лет (2014 г.) подрост сосны полностью перешел в отпад. По-видимому, основной причиной явилась усилившаяся конкуренция за свет и питательные вещества почвы со стороны интенсивно растущего древостоя. Подрост берёзы сформировался через 15 лет после рубок на всех участках в количестве 0,4-4 тыс. экз./га. Еще через 15 лет (2014 г.) густота березы на большинстве участков возросла до 2-5 тыс. экз./га, и к настоящему времени (2023 г.) это количество почти не изменилось. Тем самым подтверждается, что молодое поколение березы лучше адаптируется к новым условиям на осушаемых объектах по сравнению с сосной. Больше подроста березы у каналов, где лучше световой и питательный режим. Подрост ели в год проведения рубок встречался единично. К 1999 г. густота подроста ели на отдельных участках составляла 0,1-0,4 тыс. экз./га, и в дальнейшем почти не увеличивалась. Несмотря на крайне незначительное количество елового подроста и его неравномерное распределение по площади, за последние 15-25 лет практически отсутствует его отпад.

Experimental complex felling was carried out in pine forests of different ages in 1984, 17 years after the construction of canals on the upland peat bog. The old-growth part of the stand was removed, and thinning was carried out in the young part. In the year of felling, pine undergrowth was available in all areas in the amount of 7-10 thousand specimens per hectare. Over the next 15 years (by 1999) the amount of pine undergrowth decreased to 0.2-3.3 thousand ind. per hectare. Apparently, the main reason was the increased competition for light and soil nutrients from the intensively growing stand. Birch undergrowth was formed in 15 years after felling in all areas in the amount of 0.4-4 thousand specimens per hectare. After another 15 years (2014), the density of birch in most areas increased to 2-5 thousand ind./ha, and by now (2023) this amount has not changed much. Thus, it is confirmed that the young generation of birch is better adapted to new conditions on drained objects compared to pine. There is more birch undergrowth near the canals, where the light and nutritional regime is better. In the year of felling, spruce undergrowth was found sporadically. By 1999, the density of spruce undergrowth in some areas was 0.1-0.4 thousand specimens per hectare, and in the future it almost did not increase. Despite the extremely small amount of spruce undergrowth and its uneven distribution over the area, over the past 15-25 years there has been practically no loss of it.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROOT CANAL SEALERS: AN IN-VITRO STUDY
Authors:   Post Graduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kanti Devi Dental College and Hospital, Uttar Pradesh, India., a Snehil , Kumar Nagpal Ajay ,   Head of the Department, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kanti Devi Dental College and Hospital, Uttar Pradesh, India., Arif Arina ,   Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kanti Devi Dental College and Hospital, Uttar Pradesh, India., Wangziom Mosobi Nima ,   Post Graduate Student, Department ofConservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kanti Devi Dental College and Hospital, Uttar Pradesh, India., Kumar Aditya ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kanti Devi Dental College and Hospital, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Obturation materials are considered the key elements in supporting strength of endodontically treated teeth. Hence, along with gutta percha (GP) use of sealers strengthen the remaining tooth structure, thus increasing fracture resistance. Material and Methods: Eighty extracted single rooted mandibular premolar teeth were decoronated to standardized root length of 13mm. After confirming working length cleaning and shaping upto F2 file along with irrigation using 5ml 3% NaOCl, 5ml 17% EDTA and normal saline was done. Teeth were divided into 5 groups (n=16) depending upon type of sealer used for obturation along with gutta percha (GP) using lateral compaction technique. Group 1: Endoseal sealer, Group 2: AH Plus, Group 3: Apexit Plus, Group 4: Bio C Sealer, Group 5: Instrumented and unobturated (Control). Samples were stored for 7 days at 37 degree and 100% humidity for sealer to set completely. Samples were mounted vertically 3mm into acrylic resin block leaving 9mm of root length exposed. Fracture resistance was tested using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Amount of force required for fracture was recorded in Newton. Data were analysed using SPSS 22.0 and oneway ANOVA and Post hoc Tukey test were used for statistical analysis. Result: The maximum fracture resistance was obtained in Group 4 Bio C sealer i.e. 418.81Â±21.06 N, followed by Group 2, Group 3 and Group 1. Least fracture resistance was obtained in Group 5. Conclusion: Bio C sealer provides the best fracture resistance to the endodontically treated teeth when compared with AH Plus, Apexit Plus and Endoseal.
Gobierno Abierto y Universidad. Experiencias y resultados desde la cooperación Universidad- Estado en temáticas de Sustentabilidad Ambiental en Universidades de la Región Caribe 2018-2022
Authors: Obregón Rodríguez Celina , Amézquita López Julio , Perozo Edison
Published: August 2024

El gobierno abierto refiere a un cambio de paradigma de gestión pública que atraviesa a las instituciones de todos los poderes del Estado, en tanto que el mismo sostiene que la relación con la ciudadanía debe ser el centro del accionar y de la toma de decisiones del quehacer público. El objetivo de este artículo es Evaluar el estado de la cooperación Universidad – Gobierno – Corporaciones ambientales frente a la estrategia de gobierno abierto en la dimensión ambiental con énfasis en cambio climático. La hipótesis formulada es la existencia de una baja implementación de Políticas Públicas pesar de profusión de convenios Universidad-estado. La metodología utilizada es del tipo descriptiva, por cuanto se desarrolló una evaluación sobre los fenómenos sociales identificados para evaluar el estado de la cooperación Universidad- Estado- Corporaciones Ambientales, el diseño de la investigación utilizada es del tipo no experimental de campo, debido a que no se manipulo la variable, y se trabajó directamente en los sitios o campos donde sucedieron los fenómenos, en este caso las universidades de la Región Caribe. Dentro de los resultados logrados con la investigación se observó que las iniciativas por parte de las universidades son muy extensas y significativas para aportar a la formulación de nuevas políticas públicas, frente a escenarios de apuesta  frente al cambio climático desarrollados e identificados desde estas instituciones de educación superior como son: Agua y abastecimiento, protección y conservación de los ecosistemas para mantener la sostenibilidad ambiental, preservación de diversidad, actividades económicas ambientalmente sostenibles y socialmente responsables, promoción del desarrollo de los recursos hidrobiológicos, implementación de estrategias de adaptación al cambio climático, desarrollo urbano y rural ambientalmente sostenible, desarrollo de actividades empresariales responsables y oferta turística responsable con el medio ambiente. El articulo concluye que las universidades son un foco de generación de nuevo conocimiento frente a temas de cambio climático, siendo de vital importancia la adopción de nuevas estructuras en red, la colaboración y co-creación de políticas públicas que promuevan la interacción, la conversación y el diálogo de doble vía entre el Estado- Universidades y Corporaciones ambientales para la generación de estrategias con resultados efectivos, transparentes y participativos propios de un estado abierto.
¿Derecho al agua para quién? Dinámicas del acceso al agua en San José del Playón y La Suprema, María la Baja, Bolívar
Authors: Marún-Uparela Katleen , Arrieta-Flórez Rosaura , Guzmán-Vega Yeison , Marún Uparela Dayana
Published: August 2024

La expansión de los cultivos de palma de aceite en los corregimientos de San José del Playón y La Suprema de María La Baja ha generado afectaciones ambientales en el territorio y, de manera especial a las fuentes hídricas utilizadas tradicionalmente por la comunidad para satisfacer necesidades y desarrollar prácticas culturales. Esta investigación analiza los impactos en el acceso y goce efectivo del derecho al agua de estas comunidades en María la Baja, a través de una investigación social aplicada, que se fundamenta en un estudio socio jurídico de análisis documental, y en los resultados, por una parte, de entrevistas semiestructuradas aplicadas a líderes comunitarios, y por otra, de estudios técnicos sobre los parámetros físico-químicos y sanitarios que poseen dos de los cuerpos de agua más importantes en la zona. Los resultados evidencian la vulneración del derecho al agua de esta población, en sus dimensiones de disponibilidad, accesibilidad y calidad, lo que motiva la necesidad de sugerir a las autoridades locales, la formulación de políticas públicas que permitan un cambio en el modelo de distribución del recurso hídrico en estos corregimientos, a la vez que implementen las medidas pertinentes para disminuir el nivel de contaminación presente en los cuerpos de aguas.
Incidencia del Sistema MEAL en los factores de éxito para los proyectos de cooperación internacional
Authors: Cortez-Martínez Sarah , Pérez-Hernández Lisandro
Published: August 2024

En El Salvador, las Organizaciones No Gubernamentales (ONG) han diversificado sus áreas de trabajo para incidir en diferentes aspectos, entre los que se destacan la transparencia, la contraloría social, el fortalecimiento de la democracia y la lucha contra la corrupción. Estas organizaciones gestionan y refuerzan su trabajo a través de proyectos de cooperación internacional. Por tanto, el objetivo principal de esta investigación cualitativa es analizar el nivel de incidencia del Sistema MEAL en los factores de éxito de los proyectos de cooperación internacional en dos ONG. Según los resultados obtenidos, una intervención integral debe considerar una serie de factores relacionados con la gestión, el impacto y las fases del proyecto. De esta forma, se concluye que el Sistema MEAL influye en los factores críticos de éxito tanto en la gestión de la intervención como en el ciclo de vida del proyecto.
Lingüística más allá del estudio tradicional de la lengua
Authors: Cuartas López Liliam Del Carmen , Orozco Camacho Nidia
Published: August 2024

La lingüística no tradicional no hegemónica permite comprender su objeto de estudio más allá de la lengua como sistema de signos verbales. Como sostienen Gómez, Lora y Orozco (2018, 2021) el lenguaje no se reduce a la significación, sino que en tanto capacidad humana y como proceso cognitivo permite la abstracción, representación, conocimiento y comunicación. Desde esta concepción se resignifica la función del lingüista, se dinamizan los problemas de investigación y se logran estudios más interdisciplinarios. Por esa razón, que haya considerado editar un número especial de la revista en el cual se evidencia la articulación Lengua, Educación y Cultura, se entiende como un reconocimiento a los aportes que la Lingüística y sus métodos hacen a diferentes contextos, poblaciones entre otros.
Wiki communities’ management tools in conditions of digitization
Authors: Kalinichenko Lyudmila , Melnyk Leonid , Kubatko Oleksandr , Burlakova Iryna , Babych Kostiantyn , Pasko Tatiana
Published: August 2024

The rise of local and global challenges (such as COVID-19, wars, natural disasters, etc.) requires advanced communication and information technologies to support economic development. The study aims to form a theoretical basis and practical tools for creating and functioning of wiki communities. Wiki communities are a new form of social association based on Internet communications of socio-economic subjects (individuals and organizations), in which each participant has equal rights to receive information, exchange opinions, and generate solutions. The theoretical basis involves substantiating the key principles on which wiki communities are formed, e.g., decentralization, openness, peering, sharing, and mass nature of activity. Wiki communities are represented by a set of specific types, such as professional, academic and research, custom, creative, public and non-commercial communities. The specific managing activities of wiki communities are described by several classification levels, such as operational activities, ensuring security, quality assurance, and motivation. The wiki community management toolkit includes a goal-setting algorithm, decision-making procedures, communications, rules of operation, typical tasks, areas of application, the operation and development cycle, and functional capabilities. It allows effective transfer of information, communication in real-time, and mutually enriching each other in forming knowledge and innovation. AcknowledgmentThe publication was prepared in the framework of the research project “Restructuring of the national economy in the direction of digital transformations for sustainable development” (№0122U001232) from National Research Foundation.
GARANTIA DE QUALIDADE EM METABOLÔMICA NÃO-ALVO
Authors: M. Teixeira Andrew , Maia Galvão de Queiroz Julia , C. Garrido Bruno , R. Silva Antônio Jorge , Bauermeister Anelize , M. Borges Ricardo
Published: August 2024

QUALITY ASSURANCE IN UNTARGETED METABOLOMICS. Over the last two decades, metabolomics has emerged as a pivotal tool in multidisciplinary research, providing invaluable insights into metabolome modulations and finding applications across various scientific domains, including medicine and agronomy. Nonetheless, the absence of standardized procedures in sample preparation, data acquisition, and documentation of data quality presents a significant challenge. This review underscores the critical importance of quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) in untargeted metabolomics, advocating for the establishment of agreed-upon QA/QC reporting standards within the scientific community. We discuss the requisite quality controls at various stages of untargeted metabolomics studies, encompassing blank samples, pooled samples, and the utilization of external quality control samples. Methods for assessing accuracy, reproducibility, and identifying/correcting batch effects are addressed. Furthermore, emphasis is placed on standardizing the description of QA/QC data in scientific publications and repositories to foster reproducibility and transparency. We recommend the publication of QC data alongside studies in appropriate databases to facilitate data comparison and sharing among researchers, thereby enhancing the quality of untargeted metabolomics research. In summary, implementing standardized QA/QC data reporting, along with promoting best practices within the untargeted metabolomics community, is crucial for improving result quality and credibility and advancing research utilizing this powerful technique.
New growth priorities of European Union economic policy
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University), Tsibulina Anna
Published: August 2024

The article deals with the analysis and implementation of the EU common economic policy in relation to approaches for ensuring economic growth. The objective of maintaining sustainable GDP growth rates of European countries has become especially important for the EU institutions since the mid-1980s, when the EU began to lag behind the United States and the newly industrialized countries. Despite the large-scale projects such the ambitious multiannual economic growth strategies, the higher growth rates have not been achieved. Against the backdrop of growing criticism in the scientific discourse regarding the GDP as an indicator to assess the effectiveness of macroeconomic policies, the question arises about a paradigm shift related economic growth. The article examines the GDP, which might turn out to be incompatible with the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as the EU top priority at the moment. Therefore a question arises whether the EU is going abandon economic growth in favour of the implementation of the environmental priorities. The author explores the motives and evolution of the economic policy of the EU aimed at stimulating economic growth and finds out how the very concept of assessing the results of the policy has changed. It’s been revealed that the EU institutions began to focus less on the idea of achieving economic growth. One can expect that economic growth will become secondary to addressing environmental and social issues, and the GDP might be supplemented by alternative indicators for measuring economic achievements.
Export of services by European Higher Education Area countries: Lessons for Russia
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Pogorelskaya Anastasia
Published: August 2024

The article evaluates the influence of EHEA membership on the export of higher education services. Russia strived for joining the EHEA both for increasing the quality of higher education and its export. Due to the international situation since February 2022 Russian participation in the EHEA was blocked that made discussions about the necessity of remaining in the Area urgent. Thus, it is topical to identify possible consequences of leaving the EHEA for Russian export of higher education services. The article explores the consequences of EHEA membership for the export of higher education services by EHEA members as well as the factors influencing the geographical destinations of such export. The hypothesis is the following one: EHEA creation contributed to strengthening its general role at the world educational market, however, it did not change drastically the roles of its member-states that used to be both exporters and importers of higher education services. The article concludes that EHEA existence ensured the increase in common export of higher education services by the region but did not eliminate the differences of student mobility rates among the member-states. Nevertheless, the absolute numbers and the share of international students grew in most of these states. The research evaluates and forecasts the role of regional initiatives at the world market of higher education services. The research results may also be useful for evaluating projects of integration in higher education sphere as well as for elaborating the support tools for Russian export of higher education.
Academic legacy of Professor Sergei V.Valdaytsev
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Molchanov Nikolai
Published: August 2024

This article shows the main stages of the creative path of St. Petersburg State University professor Sergei Vasilievich Valdaitsev (1951–2012), who made a significant contribution to the creation and development of the domestic school of economics, science and innovation. The features of the Soviet stage of the emergence of scientific studies and the economics of scientific and technological progress, the origins of the formation of the first scientific and technical complexes in the Soviet Union are characterized. The problems of the first studies in this area are shown: the history of science and technology, the subject of the economics of science, the peculiarities of labor in the scientific field, the forms of combining science and production. The contribution of scientists from Leningrad State University in the formation of the national school of economics, science and innovation is noted. The article focuses on the contribution of S.V.Valdaitsev to the transformation of domestic innovation in a market economy. After completing a year-long internship at the Free University of Berlin, Sergei Vasilyevich was able to formulate the basic principles of the transition of domestic scientific studies to a market-oriented approach. In just a few years, the educational process at the Department of Economics of Research and Development of Leningrad State University was restructured: the courses taught began to reflect market realities in the field of science and technology. A process of consulting domestic scientific organizations and high-tech enterprises of the city of Leningrad regarding the transition to market relations was established. Thanks to the efforts of S.V.Valdaytsev, the domestic school quickly caught up with the level of foreign research and began to contribute to the achievements of the global economy of innovative activity. The article reveals the content of the most important scientific works of Sergei Vasilievich, shows his contribution to reforming the educational process in the training of managers of innovative projects and the management system of the innovation process in the Russian Federation.
Changes in climate indicators of degradation of UNESCO cultural heritage sites in the European part of Russia
Authors:   Institute of natural and technical systems, Vyshkvarkova Elena V. , Sukhonos Olga Yu. ,   Institute of natural and technical systems
Published: August 2024

Cultural heritage sites are under threat of destruction due to the impact of climate change and related hazards such as rainstorms, floods, droughts. High vulnerability to natural disasters and important historical and socio-cultural value require special attention to World Heritage properties. The goal of the work is to assess the impact of climate on the destruction of building materials of UNESCO cultural heritage sites for four cities in the European part of Russia (Derbent, Kazan, Petrozavodsk and Pskov). The work uses daily data on air temperature and precipitation for the period 1961–2020. Five indices were used to assess the impact of frost (days with air temperatures below 0°C and minus 5°C, freeze-thaw cycles, Wet-frost index and frost decay exposure index) and two indices of extreme air temperatures and precipitation (percentage of days with maximum air temperature higher 90th percentile and number of days with precipitation above 99th percentile). In addition, changes in the indices between two climatic periods, 1961–1990 and 1991–2020, were estimated. The results showed a reduction in the risk of damage to cultural heritage sites by low air temperatures, while the frequency of freeze-thaw cycles increased in the northern regions against the backdrop of rising surface air temperatures. The change in extreme temperatures and precipitation has a positive trend, which increases the associated risks of destruction of materials of cultural heritage sites. Differences in climatic conditions require an individual selection of indicators to assess the impact of climate change on the destruction of building materials and an integrated approach for each cultural heritage site.
The “musicality” of modern prose: Towards the genesis and typology of forms (part 2)
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Kotelevskaya Vera V.
Published: August 2024

The article explores the musicalization of modern fiction, reflecting such tendencies as the crisis of language and mimesis, the desire for abstraction and non-figurativity. With the reduction of the represented world, the role of the plan of expression and self-reflection of form increases. For the modernists, music becomes the language that allows them to express the utopian, the invisible and the (un)possible. The susceptibility of the contemporary reader and researcher to medial codes allows us to detect in the modernist novel’s imitation of music not only the extravagance of the author’s imagination, but also the unmasking of referential illusion and the tendency towards performativity. The novelty of the research consists in clarifying the typology of musical-literary dialogue, and in the historical-literary aspect in identifying the semiotic, epistemological and poetological foundations of modernist quasi-musical prose, which developed its own equivalents of musical techniques and styles on the way to deconstructing the bourgeois novel. As an example of musical prose, the novel “The Lime Works” (“Das Kalkwerk”, 1970) by the Austrian writer Thomas Bernhard is considered. It is interpreted as the culmination of the author’s creative evolution, from the lyricism imitating the baroque style and attitude, to experimental poetry and prose, and finally to the prose with a sophisticated syntax imitating the romantic musical phrasing. The polyphonic structure of Bernhard’s prose, its strict, abstract compositional pattern, is interpreted as a modern technique of ordering the existence chaos.
Legal content of fraud in the field of consumer lending. Part one
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Pyatov Mikhail L. , Kovalev Vitaly ,   St. Petersburg State University, Tatarenko Tamara G. ,   St. Petersburg City Bar Association
Published: August 2024

The article shows the scale of development in recent years of the practice of fraud in the field of consumer lending using the latest information technologies and methods of psychological influence on crime victims as a threat to the stability of financial markets. The dynamics of modern crime schemes in the field of consumer lending, aimed at using misleading citizens as an instrument to steal funds from banks, are examined. The practice of preliminary investigation that has developed in recent years in Russia, as well as judicial practice on the qualification of fraud in this area, is characterized. It is shown that the widespread unjustified recognition as victims in cases of fraud in the field of lending only of misled citizens who become instruments of theft of bank funds violates their constitutional rights and at the same time is a significant factor in the catastrophic development of this type of criminal activity. The economic basis of the position of banks is revealed, actively insisting on recognizing citizens who have suffered from fraud as borrowers who have consciously entered into a loan agreement, which consists of ensuring the opportunity to shift corporate risks of losses from material damage caused to banks by fraudsters to the injured citizens. Based on the conceptual foundations of criminal law and the provisions of the current criminal legislation, a rationale is proposed for recognizing two groups of persons as victims as a result of fraud in the field of consumer lending: banks — as bearing material damage from the theft of funds from them and citizens — as suffering moral damage, becoming instrument for committing a crime. The role of citizens deceived by scammers as an instrument for stealing funds from banks, which determines the flaw of their will, is determined and revealed.
Conceptual basis of gun policy
Authors:   South Ural State University, Shmidt Artem
Published: August 2024

Gun violence has reignited academic and public debate about support for restrictive gun policies, the need for stronger gun control, and countering school shooting. The article analyzes the national and foreign guns policies. Unlike most comparative legal studies on the problems of guns control, built on comparison and identification of features, the analysis of differences, this study was aimed at identifying the essential grounds, the nature of state control relations over the circulation of guns. We aimed to synthesise evidence identifying effective interventions and policies that influence the social determinants of gun violence. The paper widely uses the literature review method in combination with classical methods of studying legal phenomena, which made it possible to identify Legal model of gunpolicies that exist in the world, determine the legal means of implementing the guns policy, its principles. We systematically searched legal databases (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), “Traveler’s Guide to the Firearm Laws of the Fifty States — Gun Laws for the 50 States”, databases of Federal Ministry of Justice Germany, database provisioning legislative activity of Russia). The study revealed gaps in the Russian guns policy and the organization of guns control and supervisory activities of law enforcement agencies, including the problem of restricting access to guns for certain categories of persons — members of extremist and terrorist organizations, as well as persons who have committed crimes who have received a criminal procedure the status of a suspect or accused. We conclude that a promising strategy for reducing gun violence is to make guns a legal liability to criminals, a goal that can be furthered through a variety of both regulatory and law-enforcement tactics. Changes to the legislation on guns and criminal procedure legislation aimed at strengthening guns control are proposed.
Corrective action for prisoners of war: International legal, penal and other regulation
Authors:   Siberian Legal Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Teplyashin Pavel V. , Skiba Andrey Petrovich ,   Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Ser-vice of Russia, Maloletkina Natalia S. ,   Samara Law Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia
Published: August 2024

The article substantiates the relevance of the study of the peculiarities of the application of means of correction in relation to convicted prisoners of war. The article answers the question of in what places of forced confinement it is allowed to isolate the above-mentioned persons — in correctional institutions of the Russian penal and correctional system with separate detention from prisoners sentenced to imprisonment or in other places of forced confinement? The provisions of the Geneva Convention of 1949 “On the Treatment of Prisoners of War” are analysed in order to identify the specifics of treatment of this category of convicts. It is proposed to supplement it with a provision according to which there should be a prohibition to allow persons who suffered (or their relatives suffered) from the results of military actions to work with prisoners of war. The paper substantiates the necessity of implementing the principle of differentiation and individualisation in relation to prisoners of war convicted of various types of crimes, who have relapsed into crime (such cases are not uncommon, especially among mercenary combatants) or who have other socio-legal or personal characteristics. It is concluded that it is advisable, taking into account the provisions of international settlement documents at the national level in penal and other legislation, such issues as determining the places of detention of convicted prisoners of war, the scope of legal restrictions in relation to them, ensuring external and internal isolation, the content of educational work with them, including the use of measures incentives and penalties, their employment, providing social influence, organizing medical care.
Judge requirements and ethical issues in the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf
Authors:   MGIMO University, Tsyplakova Alyona D. , Shestak Viktor ,   Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation
Published: August 2024

This paper examines the core sources governing judicial ethics in the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC), primarily in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), taking into account mixed nature of its legal system, comparing to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) with its more religious approach and the State of Qatar with a manifested democratic one. On grounds of the analysis and systematization of the regulatory framework, a study was conducted in accordance with the current state of affairs regarding qādī qualifications in Arab countries and summarized in a table. The ideological differences in Islam are also taken into account through the study of the opinions of authoritative mujtahids and the works of foreign scholars. The authors have analyzed Islamic doctrine and compared it with the current Emirati, Saudi and Qatari legislation regarding the requirements for judge (qādī). The United Arab Emirates federal laws and decrees more precisely elaborate teachings and modify specific evaluative concepts. They also provide more lenient rules, despite the predominance of Mālikī and Hanafī madhabs. The authors also note the more detailed regulation of the disciplinary and criminal responsibility of judges and slight changes in relation to the observations indicated in the Reports of the Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers No. A/HRC/29/26 2015 in UAE and Qatar. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Qatar has more similar, but rigid regulation due to one madhab domination (Hanbali). The issue calls for the revision of a number of laws that are examined in detail, since the implementation of them causes inequality that deems to be fought against.
A Study to Assess the Knowledge and Attitude regarding Voluntary Blood Donation among College Going Male Students, a Quasi-experimental Study
Authors: Goyal Palak , Kumar Amit , Khan Huma , Pandey Abhinav , Mishra Richa
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Voluntary blood donation in developing countries like India is constrained by misconception, fear, and widespread myths regarding blood donation.(1) Donated blood is an essential component in the management of many diseases. It is the main lifesaving for an individual with loss of large volumes of blood from accidents, hemorrhages or surgery.(2) Blood and its product demands is increasing, which can be ensured by increasing awareness and interest in blood donation in different groups of people. Youth is one of those groups. Misconception and low levels of awareness lead to unsatisfactory voluntary blood donation practices among them. The aim is to assess the knowledge and attitude of college students towards voluntary blood. Material and Methods: After prior permission from the College Authority, all the students who were present on the day of the study and who acknowledged their consent for participation were enrolled in the study. A pre-tested, semi-open-ended questionnaire was used as a study tool first as a pre-test to check their prior knowledge and attitude, followed by a health talk. Then, the same questionnaire was used to check their improvement of knowledge about blood donation. Results: As per the Wilcoxon rank test there is a significant improvement in the knowledge of study participants after health talk; out of a total 105 male students, 102 show positive rank (W+). Conclusion: Health education regarding voluntary blood donation is effective in improving the knowledge and attitude of youth. This will further improve the situation of voluntary blood donation by youth.
Evaluation of Immunohistochemical Expression of Cyclin D1 and its Clinicopathological Correlation in Oral Carcinoma
Authors: Lohchab Priya S. , Pant Hema , Johri Nidhi , Sharma Rohit , Khandelwal Ruchee
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of cyclin D1 in oral carcinoma and to find the association of the expression of cyclin D1 with different histological types, grades and other clinicopathological findings. Materials and Methods: A 50 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumor sections, stained with haematoxylin & eosin were graded and immunohistochemistry for cyclin D1 evaluated as expression score (ES), intensity score (IS) and total score (TS) was calculated. Results: A significant association was seen between total score of cyclin D1 expression with tumor types squamous cell carcinoma (Grade 1 and Grade 2) and verrucous carcinoma. Conclusion: In the present study for cyclin D1 evaluation, its expression was found in all oral carcinoma cases. A strong association was found between cyclin D1 total score with squamous cell carcinoma (Grade 1 and Grade 2) and verrucous carcinoma. We did not find a significant association between cyclin D1 total score and age, gender, tumor grades, site, laterality, PNI, LVI, pathological and clinical staging.
Korelasi dan Regresi Bobot Badan dan Morfometrik Tubuh Sapi Madura Kerapan Pada Kelompok Umur Berbeda
Authors: Mubarak Z Sultan , Maylinda Sucik , Ciptadi Gatot
Published: August 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara bobot badan dan morfometrik tubuh berupa tinggi gumba (TG), lingkar dada (LD) dan panjang badan (PB) pada sapi Madura Kerapan. Terdapat 24 ekor sapi Madura Kerapan dengan rentang umur 6 sampai dengan 36 bulan sebagai sampel dari beberapa kecamatan di Sumenep. Data dianalisis menggunakan klasifikasi satu arah dan kemudian diikuti oleh analisis korelasi dan regresi untuk mengetahui hubungan setiap variabel yang diamati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa umur berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap pertumbuhan bobot badan dan morfometrik tubuh. Laju pertumbuhan menurun pada saat ternak mencapai umur 18 bulan. Pendugaan bobot badan sapi Madura Kerapan terbaik menggunakan persamaan regresi YÌ‚ = -57,361+1,6444X, dengan X adalah lingkar dada. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah lingkar dada merupakan objek terbaik untuk memprediksi bobot badan sapi Madura Kerapan
Association of Wearable Device–Measured Step Volume and Variability With Blood Pressure in Older Chinese Adults: Mobile-Based Longitudinal Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Xiao Han , Zhou Zechen , Ma Yujia , Li Xiaoyi , Ding Kexin , Dai Xiaotong , Chen Dafang
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

The paucity of evidence on longitudinal and consecutive recordings of physical activity (PA) and blood pressure (BP) under real-life conditions and their relationships is a vital research gap that needs to be addressed.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to (1) investigate the short-term relationship between device-measured step volume and BP; (2) explore the joint effects of step volume and variability on BP; and (3) examine whether the association patterns between PA and BP varied across sex, hypertension status, and chronic condition status.

METHODS

This study used PA data of a prospective cohort of 3070 community-dwelling older adults derived from a mobile health app. Daily step counts, as a proxy of step volume, were derived from wearable devices between 2018 and 2022 and categorized into tertiles (low, medium, and high). Step variability was assessed using the SD of daily step counts. Consecutive daily step count recordings within 0 to 6 days preceding each BP measurement were analyzed. Generalized estimation equation models were used to estimate the individual and joint associations of daily step volume and variability with BP. Stratified analyses by sex, the presence of hypertension, and the number of morbidities were further conducted.

RESULTS

A total of 3070 participants, with a median age of 72 (IQR 67-77) years and 71.37% (2191/3070) women, were included. Participants walked a median of 7580 (IQR 4972-10,653) steps and 5523 (IQR 3590-7820) meters per day for a total of 592,597 person-days of PA monitoring. Our results showed that higher levels of daily step volume were associated with lower BP (systolic BP, diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure). Compared with participants with low step volume (daily step counts <6000/d) and irregular steps, participants with high step volume (≥9500/d) and regular steps showed the strongest decrease in systolic BP (–1.69 mm Hg, 95% CI –2.2 to –1.18), while participants with medium step volume (6000/d to <9500/d) and regular steps were associated with the lowest diastolic BP (–1.067 mm Hg, 95% CI –1.379 to –0.755). Subgroup analyses indicated generally greater effects on women, individuals with normal BP, and those with only 1 chronic disease, but the effect pattern was varied and heterogeneous between participants with different characteristics.

CONCLUSIONS

Increased step volume demonstrated a substantial protective effect on BP among older adults with chronic conditions. Furthermore, the beneficial association between step volume and BP was enhanced by regular steps, suggesting potential synergistic protective effects of both increased step volume and step regularity. Targeting both step volume and variability through PA interventions may yield greater benefits in BP control, particularly among participants with hypertension and a higher chronic disease burden.
Leadership for AI Transformation in Health Care Organization: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Sriharan Abi , Sekercioglu Nigar , Mitchell Cheryl , Senkaiahliyan Senthujan , Hertelendy Attila , Porter Tracy , Banaszak-Holl Jane
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

The leaders of health care organizations are grappling with rising expenses and surging demands for health services. In response, they are increasingly embracing artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to improve patient care delivery, alleviate operational burdens, and efficiently improve health care safety and quality.

OBJECTIVE

In this paper, we map the current literature and synthesize insights on the role of leadership in driving AI transformation within health care organizations.

METHODS

We conducted a comprehensive search across several databases, including MEDLINE (via Ovid), PsycINFO (via Ovid), CINAHL (via EBSCO), Business Source Premier (via EBSCO), and Canadian Business & Current Affairs (via ProQuest), spanning articles published from 2015 to June 2023 discussing AI transformation within the health care sector. Specifically, we focused on empirical studies with a particular emphasis on leadership. We used an inductive, thematic analysis approach to qualitatively map the evidence. The findings were reported in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines.

RESULTS

A comprehensive review of 2813 unique abstracts led to the retrieval of 97 full-text articles, with 22 included for detailed assessment. Our literature mapping reveals that successful AI integration within healthcare organizations requires leadership engagement across technological, strategic, operational, and organizational domains. Leaders must demonstrate a blend of technical expertise, adaptive strategies, and strong interpersonal skills to navigate the dynamic healthcare landscape shaped by complex regulatory, technological, and organizational factors.

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, leading AI transformation in healthcare requires a multidimensional approach, with leadership across technological, strategic, operational, and organizational domains. Organizations should implement a comprehensive leadership development strategy, including targeted training and cross-functional collaboration, to equip leaders with the skills needed for AI integration. Additionally, when upskilling or recruiting AI talent, priority should be given to individuals with a strong mix of technical expertise, adaptive capacity, and interpersonal acumen, enabling them to navigate the unique complexities of the healthcare environment.
Age-associated risk of sarcopenia, falls and fractures: results of Ukrainian cohort study
Authors: Musiienko A. , Zaverukha N. , Grygorieva N. , Bystrytska M.
Published: August 2024

Background. It is well-known that sarcopenia increases the risk of falls and fractures, and therefore, requires correction to improve the quality of life of elderly people. This research purposed to study the age-related changes in the sarcopenia risk, falls, and fractures in Ukrainian women in the late reproductive and postmenopausal periods. Materials and methods. We examined 573 females aged from 40 to 89 years old. The subjects were grouped by age decades and presence of high sarcopenia risk (HSR). The SARC-F questionnaire measured the sarcopenia risk, and the risk of falls using the Desmond Fall Risk Questionnaire, the 10-year probability of major osteoporotic and hip fractures was assessed by FRAX, and daily activity — according to the IADL scale. Also, we performed the hand grip strength and five-repetition sit-to-stand tests. Results. The frequency of HSR increased with age from 1.5 % in the 40–49-year-old group to 73.7 % in subjects over 80, as well as fracture and fall risks (p < 0.00001 for both indices) related to decreasing independence in the subject’s everyday life. Also, we revealed age-dependent loss of muscle strength according to the hand grip and the five-repetition sit-to-stand tests. After the adjustment of the subjects by age we found that the females with HSR had a higher risk of falls, a lower level of independence, and increased frequency and risk of osteoporotic fractures. Conclusions. Women with HSR have a higher risk of falls, fractures, and more limitations in daily living activities independently from age and body mass index. These findings request comprehensive management of older women with attention to various parameters for the increase of independence and quality of life.
Meta-analysis of the frequency of thoracolumbar junction fractures in the context of traumatic spinal injuries in the adult population
Authors: Nekhlopochyn O.S. , Verbov V.V. , Verbovska S.A. , Cheshuk I.V.
Published: August 2024

Background. Traumatic spinal injuries are a significant medical and social issue, due to both the high costs associated with initial medical care for the injured and the extensive and expensive rehabilitation required. The thoracolumbar junction (TLJ) is prone to injuries due to its biomechanical characteristics. However, the actual frequency of injuries in this area, as reported in the literature, is inconsistent. The purpose of the study was to assess the proportion of fractures at the TLJ within the overall structure of traumatic spinal injuries in the adult population. Materials and me­thods. A meta-analysis was conducted based on searches in the MEDLINE database using MeSH terms and keywords in titles and abstracts to identify studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The search identified 22 full-length articles. Data extraction and analysis were conducted by two independent experts. Results. It was found that fractures at the TLJ accoun­ted for 46.51 % (95% confidence interval (CI): 36.76–56.27 %) of the overall structure of spinal injuries, specifically fractures at level Th11 — 4.26 % (95% CI: 3.35–5.17 %), Th12 — 13.98 % (95% CI: 10.41–17.56 %), at level L1 — 22.21 % (95% CI: 17.66–26.76 %), and L2 — 9.69 % (95% CI: 6.82–12.57 %). Within the thoracolumbar division, the frequency of TLJ trauma was 61.88 % (95% CI: 52.53–71.22 %). Within the TLJ, the frequency of fractures was: vertebra Th11 — 10.2 % (95% CI: 8.05–12.36 %), Th12 — 26.56 % (95% CI: 22.42–30.7 %), vertebra L1 — 42.76 % (95% CI: 39.7–45.81 %), and L2 — 20.48 % (95% CI: 16.73–24.23 %). Conclusions. The meta-analysis provi­ded objective indicators of the frequency distribution of TLJ fractures within the overall structure of traumatic spinal injuries. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide such detailed information through meta-analysis.