bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Xiangqing Anodyne Spray on Treating Acute Soft‐Tissue Injury Mainly Depend on Suppressing Activations of AKT and p38 Pathways
Authors: Wang Shudong , Li Tao , Qu Wei , Li Xin , Ma Shaoxin , Wang Zheng , Liu Wenya , Hou Shanshan , Fu Jihua
Published: April 2016

Objectives. In the present study we try to elucidate the mechanism of Xiangqing anodyne spray (XQAS) effects on acute soft‐tissue injury (STI). Methods. Acute STI model was established by hammer blow in the rat hind leg muscle. Within 8 hours, instantly after modeling and per 2‐hour interval repeated topical applications with or without XQAS, CP or IH ethanol extracts spray (CPS and IHS) were performed, respectively; muscle swelling rate and inflammation‐related biochemical parameters, muscle histological observation, and mRNA and protein expression were then examined. Results. XQAS dose‐dependently suppressed STI‐caused muscle swelling, proinflammatory mediator productions, and oxidative stress as well as severe pathological changes in the injured muscle tissue. Moreover, CPS mainly by blocking p38 activation while IHS majorly by blocking AKT activation led to cytoplastic IκBα degradation with NF‐κB p65 translocated into the nucleus. There are synergistic effects between CP and IH components in the XQAS on preventing from acute STI with suppressing IκBα degradation, NF‐κB p65 translocation, and subsequent inflammation and oxidative stress‐related abnormality. Conclusion. Marked effects of XQAS on treating acute STI are ascribed to strong anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative actions with a reasonable combination of CP active components, blocking p38‐NF‐κB pathway activated, and IH active components, blocking AKT‐NF‐κB pathway activated.
Chemical Constituents from Daphne giraldii Nitsche and Their Contents Simultaneous Determination by HPLC
Authors: Huyiligeqi  , Dong Xiaoxv , Yang Chunjing , Xu Guanling , Cao Sali , Fu Jing , Lin Longfei , Ni Jian
Published: April 2016

Daphne giraldii Nitsche (Thymelaeaceae) is widely distributed in the Chinese provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu, and Qinghai, which has been used in Chinese folk medicine to treat ache and rheumatism. Pharmacologic tests have revealed that the plant has anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, and anticancer activities. However, there is still not enough systemic investigation on the chemical constituents and the method for the contents simultaneous determination in D. giraldii. Therefore, the isolation and characterization of the compounds from the stem barks of this plant were reported. Moreover, a facile, accurate, and reliable method has been developed and validated for their simultaneous determination using HPLC‐DAD.
Identification of MYC-Dependent Transcriptional Programs in Oncogene-Addicted Liver Tumors
Authors: Kress Theresia R. , Pellanda Paola , Pellegrinet Luca , Bianchi Valerio , Nicoli Paola , Doni Mirko , Recordati Camilla , Bianchi Salvatore , Rotta Luca , Capra Thelma , Ravà Micol , Verrecchia Alessandro , Radaelli Enrico , Littlewood Trevor D. , Evan Gerard I. , Amati Bruno
Published: April 2016

Tumors driven by activation of the transcription factor MYC generally show oncogene addiction. However, the gene expression programs that depend upon sustained MYC activity remain unknown. In this study, we employed a mouse model of liver carcinoma driven by a reversible tet-MYC transgene, combined with chromatin immunoprecipitation and gene expression profiling to identify MYC-dependent regulatory events. As previously reported, MYC-expressing mice exhibited hepatoblastoma- and hepatocellular carcinoma–like tumors, which regressed when MYC expression was suppressed. We further show that cellular transformation, and thus initiation of liver tumorigenesis, were impaired in mice harboring a MYC mutant unable to associate with the corepressor protein MIZ1 (ZBTB17). Notably, switching off the oncogene in advanced carcinomas revealed that MYC was required for the continuous activation and repression of distinct sets of genes, constituting no more than half of all genes deregulated during tumor progression and an even smaller subset of all MYC-bound genes. Altogether, our data provide the first detailed analysis of a MYC-dependent transcriptional program in a fully developed carcinoma and offer a guide to identifying the critical effectors contributing to MYC-driven tumor maintenance. Cancer Res; 76(12); 3463–72. ©2016 AACR.
A Phase I Dose-Escalation Study Evaluating the Safety Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of CUDC-427, a Potent, Oral, Monovalent IAP Antagonist, in Patients with Refractory Solid Tumors
Authors: Tolcher Anthony W. , Bendell Johanna C. , Papadopoulos Kyriakos P. , Burris Howard A. , Patnaik Amita , Fairbrother Wayne J. , Wong Harvey , Budha Nageshwar , Darbonne Walter C. , Peale Franklin , Mamounas Michael , Royer-Joo Stephanie , Yu Ron , Portera Chia C. , Infante Jeffrey R.
Published: April 2016

Purpose: To determine the dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), adverse events (AE), pharmacokinetics, and preliminary evidence of antitumor activity of CUDC-427 (formerly GDC-0917), a selective antagonist of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins.

Experimental Design: Patients with advanced solid malignancies were treated with escalating doses of CUDC-427 orally on a daily 14-day on/7-day off schedule in 21-day cycles using a modified continuous reassessment method design. Blood samples were assayed to determine the pharmacokinetic properties, pharmacodynamic alterations of cellular IAP levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels.

Results: Forty-two patients received 119 cycles of CUDC-427. Overall, the most common treatment-related toxicities were fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and rash. One DLT (grade 3 fatigue) occurred in a patient at 450 mg dose level during cycle 1, and 5 patients experienced AEs related to CUDC-427 that led to discontinuation and included grade 3 pruritus, and fatigue, and grade 2 drug hypersensitivity, pneumonitis, rash, and QT prolongation. The maximum planned dose of 600 mg orally daily for 2 weeks was reached, which allometrically scaled to exceed the IC90 in preclinical xenograft studies. Significant decreases in cIAP-1 levels in PBMCs were observed in all patients 6 hours after initial dosing. Responses included durable complete responses in one patient with ovarian cancer and one patient with MALT lymphoma.

Conclusions: CUDC-427 can be administered safely at doses up to 600 mg daily for 14 days every 3 weeks. The absence of severe toxicities, inhibition of cIAP-1 in PBMC, and antitumor activity warrant further studies. Clin Cancer Res; 22(18); 4567–73. ©2016 AACR.
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Immune Evasion during Lung Cancer Progression: The Chicken or the Egg?
Authors: Datar Ila , Schalper Kurt A.
Published: April 2016

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex process involved in metastasis. Immune evasion is required for tumor progression and is characterized by an ineffective antitumor immune response and upregulation of immune-suppressive signals. The coexistence of EMT and adaptive immune evasion opens the possibility of a mechanistic link between these processes. Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3422–4. ©2016 AACR.

See related article by Lou et al., p. 3630
Alternative Polyadenylation: Another Foe in Cancer
Authors: Erson-Bensan Ayse Elif , Can Tolga
Published: April 2016

Advancements in sequencing and transcriptome analysis methods have led to seminal discoveries that have begun to unravel the complexity of cancer. These studies are paving the way toward the development of improved diagnostics, prognostic predictions, and targeted treatment options. However, it is clear that pieces of the cancer puzzle are still missing. In an effort to have a more comprehensive understanding of the development and progression of cancer, we have come to appreciate the value of the noncoding regions of our genomes, partly due to the discovery of miRNAs and their significance in gene regulation. Interestingly, the miRNA–mRNA interactions are not solely dependent on variations in miRNA levels. Instead, the majority of genes harbor multiple polyadenylation signals on their 3′ UTRs (untranslated regions) that can be differentially selected on the basis of the physiologic state of cells, resulting in alternative 3′ UTR isoforms. Deregulation of alternative polyadenylation (APA) has increasing interest in cancer research, because APA generates mRNA 3′ UTR isoforms with potentially different stabilities, subcellular localizations, translation efficiencies, and functions. This review focuses on the link between APA and cancer and discusses the mechanisms as well as the tools available for investigating APA events in cancer. Overall, detection of deregulated APA-generated isoforms in cancer may implicate some proto-oncogene activation cases of unknown causes and may help the discovery of novel cases; thus, contributing to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 14(6); 507–17. ©2016 AACR.
Carotid Stiffness: A Novel Cerebrovascular Disease Risk Factor
Authors: van Sloten Thomas T. , Stehouwer Coen D.A.
Published: April 2016

Carotid stiffening is considered an important element in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular diseases. These include stroke as well as vascular dementia and depression. However, results of individual studies evaluating the association between carotid stiffening and incident stroke have been inconsistent. Therefore, we have conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, showing that carotid stiffening is associated with incident stroke independently of cardiovascular risk factors and aortic stiffness. In addition, carotid stiffening improved stroke risk prediction beyond the Framingham stroke risk factors and aortic stiffness. Other studies have shown that carotid stiffening is associated with a higher incidence of vascular dementia and depressive symptoms. This suggests that carotid stiffness is a potential separate target for prevention strategies of cerebrovascular disease.
Quantification of the Effect of Pressure Wire Drift on the Diagnostic Performance of Fractional Flow Reserve, Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio, and Whole-Cycle Pd/Pa
Authors: Cook Christopher M. , Ahmad Yousif , Shun-Shin Matthew J. , Nijjer Sukhjinder , Petraco Ricardo , Al-Lamee Rasha , Mayet Jamil , Francis Darrel P. , Sen Sayan , Davies Justin E.
Published: April 2016

Background—

Small drifts in intracoronary pressure measurements (±2 mm Hg) can affect stenosis categorization using pressure indices. This has not previously been assessed for fractional flow reserve (FFR), instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR), and whole-cycle distal pressure/proximal pressure (Pd/Pa) indices.

Methods and Results—Four hundred forty-seven

stenoses were assessed with FFR, iFR, and whole-cycle Pd/Pa. Cut point values for significance were predefined as ≤0.8, <0.90, and <0.93, respectively. Pressure wire drift was simulated by offsetting the distal coronary pressure trace by ±2 mm Hg. FFR, iFR, and whole-cycle Pd/Pa indices were recalculated and stenosis misclassification quantified. Median (±median absolute deviation) values for FFR, iFR, and whole-cycle Pd/Pa were 0.81 (±0.11), 0.90 (±0.07), and 0.93 (±0.06), respectively. For the cut point of FFR, iFR, and whole-cycle Pd/Pa, 34.6% (155), 50.1% (224), and 62.2% (278) of values, respectively, lay within ±0.05 U. With ±2 mm Hg pressure wire drift, 21% (94), 25% (110), and 33% (148) of the study population were misclassified with FFR, iFR, and whole-cycle Pd/Pa, respectively. Both FFR and iFR had significantly lower misclassification than whole-cycle Pd/Pa (
P
<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the diagnostic performance of FFR and iFR (
P
=0.125).

Conclusions—

In a substantial proportion of cases, small amounts of pressure wire drift are enough to cause stenoses to change classification. Whole-cycle Pd/Pa is more vulnerable to such reclassification than FFR and iFR.
Analysis of Workflow and Time to Treatment on Thrombectomy Outcome in the Endovascular Treatment for Small Core and Proximal Occlusion Ischemic Stroke (ESCAPE) Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Menon Bijoy K. , Sajobi Tolulope T. , Zhang Yukun , Rempel Jeremy L. , Shuaib Ashfaq , Thornton John , Williams David , Roy Daniel , Poppe Alexandre Y. , Jovin Tudor G. , Sapkota Biggya , Baxter Blaise W. , Krings Timo , Silver Frank L. , Frei Donald F. , Fanale Christopher , Tampieri Donatella , Teitelbaum Jeanne , Lum Cheemun , Dowlatshahi Dar , Eesa Muneer , Lowerison Mark W. , Kamal Noreen R. , Demchuk Andrew M. , Hill Michael D. , Goyal Mayank
Published: April 2016

Background—

The Endovascular Treatment for Small Core and Proximal Occlusion Ischemic Stroke (ESCAPE) trial used innovative imaging and aggressive target time metrics to demonstrate the benefit of endovascular treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke. We analyze the impact of time on clinical outcome and the effect of patient, hospital, and health system characteristics on workflow within the trial.

Methods and Results—

Relationship between outcome (modified Rankin Scale) and interval times was modeled by using logistic regression. Association between time intervals (stroke onset to arrival in endovascular-capable hospital, to qualifying computed tomography, to groin puncture, and to reperfusion) and patient, hospital, and health system characteristics were modeled by using negative binomial regression. Every 30-minute increase in computed tomography-to-reperfusion time reduced the probability of achieving a functionally independent outcome (90-day modified Rankin Scale 0–2) by 8.3% (
P
=0.006). Symptom onset-to-imaging time was not associated with outcome (
P
>0.05). Onset-to-endovascular hospital arrival time was 42% (34 minutes) longer among patients receiving intravenous alteplase at the referring hospital (drip and ship) versus direct transfer (mothership). Computed tomography-to-groin puncture time was 15% (8 minutes) shorter among patients presenting during work hours versus off hours, 41% (24 minutes) shorter in drip-ship patients versus mothership, and 43% (22 minutes) longer when general anesthesia was administered. The use of a balloon guide catheter during endovascular procedures shortened puncture-to-reperfusion time by 21% (8 minutes).

Conclusions—

Imaging-to-reperfusion time is a significant predictor of outcome in the ESCAPE trial. Inefficiencies in triaging, off-hour presentation, intravenous alteplase administration, use of general anesthesia, and endovascular techniques offer major opportunities for improvement in workflow.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01778335.
Paternal behaviour in a socially monogamous but sexually promiscuous passerine bird
Authors: Chutter Christopher M. , Redmond Lucas J. , Cooper Nathan W. , Dolan Amy C. , Duffield Deborah , Murphy Michael T.
Published: April 2016

We documented parental behaviour and paternity of eastern kingbirds (Tyrannus tyrannus) to test the predictions that paternal care would decline with increasing loss of paternity, increasing nesting density (a proxy for probability of paternity loss), male quality, and number of fertile females available in the population. Extra-pair young were found in 58% of 45 nests for which behaviour was recorded and a higher proportion of young were extra-pair as nesting density increased. Male feeding rate declined with increasing nesting density and male quality, but neither feeding rate nor a composite measure of paternal behaviour varied with number of fertile females or paternity. Although alternative explanations exist, one interpretation of the reduced paternal care at high nesting density was that it was a response to perceived threats of paternity loss. The ultimate basis for the lower paternal effort of higher quality males is unclear but we discuss several possible explanations.
Suffering as Ground for Religious Tolerance
Authors: Singgih Emanuel Gerrit
Published: April 2016

Religions often offered themselves as answers to suffering. Not infrequently the adherents of a certain religion consider the answer of their own religion to suffering to be the best, as it is based on one’s truth-claim. Recently in South-East Asia, this kind of truth-claim can be detected also in the phenomena of ‘commodification of religions’ done by various groups within Christianity, Buddhism and Islam, thus causing rivalry and intolerance. It was Paul Knitter who first describes global suffering, or ‘the pain of the world’ as religious challenge for all religions. In Indonesia, the recent social and natural disasters can be interpreted as a challenge to the established tolerance nurtured by the state ideology Pancasila, which does not question truth-claims. Panikkar’s view on religious pluralism is accepted, but only after broadening its horizon of rationality to include the people’s experience of disasters, to enable a new vision of religious tolerance.
Stranded between the law, family, and society: Women in domestic violence and rulings of India’s Supreme Court
Authors: Subramaniam Mangala , Krishnan Preethi
Published: April 2016

Violence against women takes diverse forms across the world. Domestic violence in South Asia has received special attention because of both its prevalence and severity. While laws are essential to address domestic violence, the authors of this article argue that the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the law to rule on cases is crucial for women. Drawing on the concept of ‘being stranded’, the authors argue that women facing violence are protected by neither the law nor their marital or natal family. Using archival data comprising decisions of India’s Supreme Court on 218 domestic violence cases for the period 1995 to 2014, the article examines the outcomes for the woman (victim) as well as the text of the judgments. The woman had died in the majority of cases reaching the Supreme Court. Moreover, rulings were almost equally favorable or unfavorable in cases when the woman was alive. The thematic analysis point to the lack of protection for women facing violence.
Flying the Needles
Authors: Haslbeck Andreas , Hoermann Hans-Juergen
Published: April 2016

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of practice and training on fine-motor flying skills during a manual instrument landing system (ILS) approach.

Background:

There is an ongoing debate that manual flying skills of long-haul crews suffer from a lack of flight practice due to conducting only a few flights per month and the intensive use of automation. However, objective evidence is rare.

Method:

One hundred twenty-six randomly selected airline pilots had to perform a manual flight scenario with a raw data precision approach. Pilots were assigned to four equal groups according to their level of practice and training by fleet (short-haul, long-haul) and rank (first officer, captain).

Results:

Average ILS deviation scores differed significantly in relation to the group assignments. The strongest predictor variable was fleet, indicating degraded performance among long-haul pilots.

Conclusion:

Manual flying skills are subject to erosion due to a lack of practice on long-haul fleets: All results support the conclusion that recent flight practice is a significantly stronger predictor for fine-motor flying performance than the time period since flight school or even the total or type-specific flight experience.

Application:

Long-haul crews have to be supported in a timely manner by adequate training tailored to address manual skills or by operational provisions like mixed-fleet flying or more frequent transitions between short-haul and long-haul operation.
Mental health services use among adults with or without mental disorders: Do development stages matter?
Authors: Huỳnh Christophe , Caron Jean , Fleury Marie-Josée
Published: April 2016

Background:

Mental health services (MHS) use is a complex behaviour that does not only concern individuals with current mental disorder. To date, few studies have examined age-related contextualisation of MHS use. Reasons for seeking help may vary according to development stages in adulthood.

Aims:

This study aimed to determine which predisposing, enabling and need factors, using Andersen’s model, were associated with MHS use according to adult development stages among individuals with or without current psychiatric diagnosis.

Methods:

Three age groups were examined: 18- to 29-year-olds ( n = 775), 30- to 49-year-olds ( n = 1,560) and 50- to 64-year-olds ( n = 960). Data were obtained from the Montreal Longitudinal Catchment Area Study. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted for each age group separately to determine which predisposing, enabling and need factors were associated with MHS use in the past 12 months.

Results:

For 18- to 29-year-olds, one enabling factor (Internet search) and two need factors (presence of major depressive disorder and number of stressful events) were positively associated with MHS use. For 30- to 49-year-olds, one predisposing factor (family history of mental disorder), four enabling factors (not currently working or in school, perceiving neighbourhood disorder, social cohesion and Internet searching) and one need factor (major depressive disorder) correlated with help seeking. For 50- to 64-year-olds, two predisposing factors (family history of mental disorder and higher self-perceived stigma), two enabling factors (low satisfaction in personal relationship and Internet searching) and one need factor (alcohol dependence) were associated with MHS use.

Conclusions:

Factors associated with MHS use differ according to adult development stages. Programmes and policies should be based on age-related contextualisation to increase MHS use.
Classifying cotton bark and grass extraneous matter using image analysis
Authors: Whitelock Derek P , Ed Hughs S , Armijo Carlos B
Published: April 2016

Cotton extraneous matter (EM) and special conditions are the only cotton quality attributes still determined manually by US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Marketing Service (USDA-AMS) classers. To develop a machine EM classing system, a better understanding of what triggers a classer EM call is needed. The goal of this work was to develop new information about cotton EM, such as bark and grass, and leaf particles, using machine measurements, to aid in the development of instrumentation for cotton quality measurements. AMS classers were tasked in identifying and denoting bark/grass in large-area color images of cotton samples. Image segmentation analysis was applied to detect non-cotton items, such as leaf particles, and the classer denoted bark/grass objects were segmented manually. Further image analysis was used to measure shape and color parameters of these bark/grass objects and leaf particles in the sample images. These measurements of the bark/grass objects and leaf particles were compared and logistical regression analyses conducted to evaluate classification. For every shape and color parameter, there were significant differences between the bark/grass objects and the detected leaf particles in the images. The differences were greater for the shape parameters than for the color parameters. A classification model with shape, color, and log-transformed shape parameters consistently classified the bark/grass objects and leaf particles most accurately with 99.5% and 97.6% correct classification rate, respectively. However, classification models that were 99% correct classifying manually segmented bark/grass were only about 77% correct when applied to the machine detected bark/grass particles.
Medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Phan Stephanie V
Published: April 2016

Medication nonadherence is common among patients with schizophrenia and due to a variety of factors including lack of insight, psychopathology, substance use disorder, issues associated with treatment, stigma, fragmentation of care, cultural influences, and socioeconomic status. Among this population, nonadherence is problematic because it can lead to decompensation or exacerbation of symptoms, relapse, rehospitalization or greater use of emergency psychiatric services, functional decline, and increased risk of death. Psychoeducational approaches alone are ineffective, but in combination with behavioral interventions, appear to be effective. Involving the patient’s support system, in addition to other interventions, can improve treatment adherence. Many medication-related factors, such as effectiveness and tolerability of antipsychotics, regimen complexity, and past medication trials impact appropriate medication use. Therefore, optimizing the patient’s pharmacotherapeutic regimens can improve adherence. Additional factors favorably influencing adherence include involving the patient in their treatment, fostering a therapeutic alliance, implementing/using reminder systems, and addressing substance use disorder. Medication nonadherence arises from multiple reasons that vary between patients. Thus, the most effective strategies to improve adherence are multifactorial and may involve both psychoeducational and behavioral techniques, as well as previously listed approaches. Strategies should be targeted toward the patient and their support system, whenever possible, to further improve the chances of appropriate medication use. Recognizing that all patients with schizophrenia are at risk for medication nonadherence is important. No one technique has been shown to be most effective; therefore, the risk for nonadherence should continually be assessed and multiple strategies should be targeted to the patient (and caregiver) and repeatedly implemented throughout the course of the patient’s illness.
Strain Response of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament to Uniplanar and Multiplanar Loads During Simulated Landings
Authors: Kiapour Ata M. , Demetropoulos Constantine K. , Kiapour Ali , Quatman Carmen E. , Wordeman Samuel C. , Goel Vijay K. , Hewett Timothy E.
Published: April 2016

Background:

Despite basic characterization of the loading factors that strain the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), the interrelationship(s) and additive nature of these loads that occur during noncontact ACL injuries remain incompletely characterized.

Hypothesis:

In the presence of an impulsive axial compression, simulating vertical ground-reaction force during landing (1) both knee abduction and internal tibial rotation moments would result in increased peak ACL strain, and (2) a combined multiplanar loading condition, including both knee abduction and internal tibial rotation moments, would increase the peak ACL strain to levels greater than those under uniplanar loading modes alone.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A cadaveric model of landing was used to simulate dynamic landings during a jump in 17 cadaveric lower extremities (age, 45 ± 7 years; 9 female and 8 male). Peak ACL strain was measured in situ and characterized under impulsive axial compression and simulated muscle forces (baseline) followed by addition of anterior tibial shear, knee abduction, and internal tibial rotation loads in both uni- and multiplanar modes, simulating a broad range of landing conditions. The associations between knee rotational kinematics and peak ACL strain levels were further investigated to determine the potential noncontact injury mechanism.

Results:

Externally applied loads, under both uni- and multiplanar conditions, resulted in consistent increases in peak ACL strain compared with the baseline during simulated landings (by up to 3.5-fold; P ≤ .032). Combined multiplanar loading resulted in the greatest increases in peak ACL strain ( P < .001). Degrees of knee abduction rotation ( R2 = 0.45; β = 0.42) and internal tibial rotation ( R2 = 0.32; β = 0.23) were both significantly correlated with peak ACL strain ( P < .001). However, changes in knee abduction rotation had a significantly greater effect size on peak ACL strain levels than did internal tibial rotation (by ~2-fold; P < .001).

Conclusion:

In the presence of impulsive axial compression, the combination of anterior tibial shear force, knee abduction, and internal tibial rotation moments significantly increases ACL strain, which could result in ACL failure. These findings support multiplanar knee valgus collapse as one the primary mechanisms of noncontact ACL injuries during landing.

Clinical Relevance:

Intervention programs that address multiple planes of loading may decrease the risk of ACL injury and the devastating consequences of posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis.
Psychometric Properties of the Shipley Block Design Task: A Study With Jamaican Young Adults
Authors: Beaujean A. Alexander , Hull Darrell M. , Sheng Yanyan , Worrell Frank C. , Bolen Judy , Verdisco Aimee E.
Published: April 2016

We examined the structure of the new Block Patterns (BP) test from the Shipley Institute of Living Scale–Second Edition in a sample of Jamaican young adults. To date, very little has been published on the properties of this subtest’s items and scores. The BP test is similar in design to the Block Design subtest found in many cognitive ability assessments but uses a matching format that minimizes the need for excess materials and time. We analyzed the BP items using item response theory (IRT) methods. Although designed to measure a single construct, the analyses from this study found that the BP subtest is likely measuring more than a single construct, which confounds the interpretation of the instrument’s scores. Before the subtest is used clinically, more research should be done to purposefully investigate the effects of ancillary variables on its scores.
High-performance bismaleimide resins with low cure temperature for resin transfer molding process
Authors: Liu Ping , Qu Chunyan , Wang Dezhi , Zhao Ming , Liu Changwei
Published: April 2016

High-performance bismaleimide resin systems (here coined LBMI resin series) based on 4,4-bismaleimidodiphenylmethane, 2,4-bismaleimidotoluene, bisphenol A bisallyl ether, 4,4′-bis[2-(1-propenyl)phenoxy]benzophenone, 2-allylphenol, and cumene hydroperoxide for resin transfer molding (RTM) process with low cure and post-cure temperatures (≦180°C) have been developed. Considering the optimum formulation conditions, the injection temperature is in the range of 70–160°C, and the pot life at 100°C is determined to be approximately 100 min. After curing at 180°C for 6 h, the resins exhibit high thermal resistances, excellent mechanical properties, and exceptionally low dielectric loss. Among others, these findings render the materials suitable for the use as high-performance resins for the production of advanced composites via RTM technique and with low cure temperatures.
Sedation shared decision-making in ambulatory venous access device placement: Effects on patient choice, satisfaction and recovery time
Authors: Chittle Melissa D , Oklu Rahmi , Pino Richard M , He Ping , Sheridan Robert M , Martino Joanne , Hirsch Joshua A
Published: April 2016

This study was undertaken to determine the impact of shared decision-making when selecting a sedation option, from no sedation (local anesthetic), minimal sedation (anxiolysis with a benzodiazepine) or moderate sedation (benzodiazepine and opiate), for venous access device placement (port-a-cath and tunneled catheters) on patient choice, satisfaction and recovery time. This is an IRB-approved, HIPPA-compliant, retrospective study of 198 patients (18–85 years old, 60% female) presenting to an ambulatory vascular interventional radiology department for venous access device placement between 22 October 2014 and 7 October 2015. Patients were educated about sedation options and given the choice of undergoing the procedure with no sedation (local anesthetic only), or minimal or moderate sedation. Satisfaction was assessed through three survey questions. No sedation was selected by 53/198 (27%), minimal sedation by 71/198 (36%) and moderate sedation by 74/198 (37%). All subjects would recommend the option to another patient and valued the opportunity to select a sedation option. Post-procedure recovery time differences were statistically significant ( p<0.0001) with median recovery times of 0 minutes for no sedation, 38 minutes for minimal sedation and 64 minutes for moderate sedation. In conclusion, patient sedation preference for venous access device placement is variable, signifying there is a role for shared decision-making as it empowers the patient to select the option most aligned with his or her goals. The procedure is well-tolerated, associated with high satisfaction, and the impact on departmental flow is notable because patients choosing no or minimal sedation results in a decreased post-procedure recovery time burden.
The challenges of implementing and evaluating a pilot music and movement intervention for people with dementia: Innovative practice
Authors: Mc Parland Patricia , Cutler Clare , Innes Anthea
Published: April 2016

This paper reports on the challenges associated with implementing and evaluating an innovative pilot music and movement project. The evaluation documents that participants enjoyed the sessions and that they created the opportunity for social engagement although there is little to suggest this is unique to this particular type of intervention. Difficulties included matching the programme to the needs of participants, communicating effectively, and over burdensome paperwork. The paper also comments on the challenges associated with last minute, limited funding opportunities for both the organisation commissioning a project and the team evaluating it. In this case, the evaluation team found that many of the more difficult issues associated with the pilot could have been resolved with more time for planning and preparation.
What is the place of reflective learning in researching farming couples’ retirement decision making?
Authors: Downey Heather , Threlkeld Guinever , Warburton Jeni
Published: April 2016

The large body of literature concerning couples’ decision making highlights the complexities faced by couples, and the potential challenges for social work practitioners. With population ageing, more people are living longer, many in long-term relationships, thus facing a range of critical later life decisions together. Yet, little is known about the challenges of interviewing couples together. This paper seeks to address this gap by reporting on a reflection on the process of conducting a constructionist narrative study of older farming couples’ retirement decision making. Drawing on Ruch’s (2000) model of reflective learning, this article considers research into couples’ decision making in a reflective cycle, including reflection on the supervisory relationship enabling transition from practitioner to researcher. This paper highlights the value of a reflective and reflexive supervision model when examining contexts dominated by a powerful discourse, such as the generational family farming narrative. The collection of data across two time phases permits exploration of change concerning rapport building and trust, relationships, decision making and participants’ construction of the interviewer. Findings from this study have implications for practitioners and researchers seeking to understand the process of interviewing older couples.
Fostering Child Development by Improving Care Quality: A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Structural Interventions and Caregiver Trainings in Institutional Care
Authors: Hermenau Katharin , Goessmann Katharina , Rygaard Niels Peter , Landolt Markus A. , Hecker Tobias
Published: April 2016

Quality of child care has been shown to have a crucial impact on children’s development and psychological adjustment, particularly for orphans with a history of maltreatment and trauma. However, adequate care for orphans is often impacted by unfavorable caregiver–child ratios and poorly trained, overburdened personnel, especially in institutional care in countries with limited resources and large numbers of orphans. This systematic review investigated the effects of structural interventions and caregiver trainings on child development in institutional environments. The 24 intervention studies included in this systematic review reported beneficial effects on the children’s emotional, social, and cognitive development. Yet, few studies focused on effects of interventions on the child–caregiver relationship or the general institutional environment. Moreover, our review revealed that interventions aimed at improving institutional care settings have largely neglected violence and abuse prevention. Unfortunately, our findings are partially limited by constraints of study design and methodology. In sum, this systematic review sheds light on obstacles and possibilities for the improvement in institutional care. There must be greater efforts at preventing violence, abuse, and neglect of children living in institutional care. Therefore, we advocate for combining attachment theory-based models with maltreatment prevention approaches and then testing them using rigorous scientific standards. By using approaches grounded in the evidence, it could be possible to enable more children to grow up in supportive and nonviolent environments.
ApoE and SNAP-25 Polymorphisms Predict the Outcome of Multidimensional Stimulation Therapy Rehabilitation in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Guerini Franca Rosa , Farina Elisabetta , Costa Andrea Saul , Baglio Francesca , Saibene Francesca Lea , Margaritella Nicolò , Calabrese Elena , Zanzottera Milena , Bolognesi Elisabetta , Nemni Raffaello , Clerici Mario
Published: April 2016

Background. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. Rate of decline and functional restoration in AD greatly depend on the capacity for neural plasticity within residual neural tissues; this is at least partially influenced by polymorphisms in genes that determine neural plasticity, including Apolipoprotein E4 ( ApoE4) and synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa ( SNAP-25). Objective. We investigated whether correlations could be detected between polymorphisms of ApoE4 and SNAP-25 and the outcome of a multidimensional rehabilitative approach, based on cognitive stimulation, behavioral, and functional therapy (multidimensional stimulation therapy [MST]). Methods. Fifty-eight individuals with mild-to-moderate AD underwent MST for 10 weeks. Neuro-psychological functional and behavioral evaluations were performed blindly by a neuropsychologist at baseline and after 10 weeks of therapy using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Functional Living Skill Assessment (FLSA), and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) scales. Molecular genotyping of ApoE4 and SNAP-25 rs363050, rs363039, rs363043 was performed. Results were correlated with ΔMMSE, ΔNPI and ΔFLSA scores by multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results. Polymorphisms in both genes correlated with the outcome of MST for MMSE and NPI scores. Thus, higher overall MMSE scores after rehabilitation were detected in ApoE4 negative compared to ApoE4 positive patients, whereas the SNAP-25 rs363050(G) and rs363039(A) alleles correlated with significant improvements in behavioural parameters. Conclusions. Polymorphisms in genes known to modulate neural plasticity might predict the outcome of a multistructured rehabilitation protocol in patients with AD. These data, although needing confirmation on larger case studies, could help optimizing the clinical management of individuals with AD, for example defining a more intensive treatment in those subjects with a lower likelihood of success.
Dialogue for Fostering Participation or Manipulation
Authors: Akella Devi
Published: April 2016

Dialogue is a communication form which enables open and honest communication between employees and management. Without dialogue there can be no exchange of information and ideas nor any shared understandings between labor and management. Dialogue leads to reflection of one’s perceptions, transference of knowledge and understanding, detection and correction of errors and generation of new ideas, and mental schemas and concepts. However, the role of dialogue and its overall effectiveness in designing democratic and collaborative working environments remains “curiously underexplored”. This article uses the power ideologies of Lukes and empirical data gathered in the form of interviews from the health care sector to understand the true purpose and agenda of dialogue in contemporary organizations.
A Standardized Tool for Measuring Military Friendliness of Colleges and Universities
Authors: Wilson Charletta , Sour Aaron J. , Miller Leslie A. , Saygbay-Hallie Monigo , Miller Carleta , Daniels Ruby A.
Published: April 2016

A thorough review of the literature was conducted to identify the practices experts, members of the military, educational institutions, and advocacy groups believe military-friendly institutions of higher education should demonstrate. From the review, we created a list of 73 practices organized into 12 practice areas. A survey of military personnel and higher education administrators who educate large numbers of military college students revealed 48 of the 73 higher education practices as necessary for supporting military learner needs, with 10 practices identified as most critical. The practices may serve as the foundation for developing a flexible, modular, service member–focused educational profile benefitting both higher education institutions and military learners. Higher education institutions can use the tool to ensure they are military friendly, and military learners seeking a higher education degree can use the tool to evaluate higher education institution practices, therefore making a more informed choice about the college they attend.
Mass spectrometry analysis of adipose-derived stem cells reveals a significant effect of hypoxia on pathways regulating extracellular matrix
Authors: Riis Simone , Stensballe Allan , Emmersen Jeppe , Pennisi Cristian Pablo , Birkelund Svend , Zachar Vladimir , Fink Trine
Published: April 2016

Background

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are being increasingly recognized for their potential to promote tissue regeneration and wound healing. These effects appear to be partly mediated by paracrine signaling pathways, and are enhanced during hypoxia. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a valuable tool for proteomic profiling of cultured ASCs, which may help to reveal the identity of the factors secreted by the cells under different conditions. However, serum starvation which is essentially required to obtain samples compatible with secretome analysis by MS can have a significant influence on ASCs. Here, we present a novel and optimized culturing approach based on the use of a clinically relevant serum-free formulation, which was used to assess the effects of hypoxia on the ASC proteomic profile.

Methods

Human ASCs from three human donors were expanded in StemPro® MSC SFM XenoFree medium. Cells were cultured for 24 h in serum- and albumin-free supplements in either normoxic (20 %) or hypoxic (1 %) atmospheres, after which the cells and conditioned medium were collected, subfractionated, and analyzed using MS. Prior to analysis, the secreted proteins were further subdivided into a secretome (>30 kDa) and a peptidome (3–30 kDa) fraction.

Results

MS analysis revealed the presence of 342, 98, and 3228 proteins in the normoxic ASC secretome, peptidome, and proteome, respectively. A relatively small fraction of the proteome (9.6 %) was significantly affected by hypoxia, and the most regulated proteins were those involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and cell metabolism. No proteins were found to be significantly modulated by hypoxic treatment across all cultures for the secretome and peptidome samples.

Conclusions

This study highlights ECM remodeling as a significant mechanism contributing to the ASC regenerative effect after hypoxic preconditioning, and further underscores considerable inter-individual differences in ASC response to hypoxia. The novel culture paradigm provides a basis for future proteomic studies under conditions that do not induce a stress response, so that the best responders can be accurately identified for prospective therapeutic use.

Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003550.
The Politics of Justice: Rethinking Brazil's Corporatist Labor Movement
Authors: da Silva Fernando Teixeira , Corrêa Larissa Rosa
Published: April 2016

This article analyzes the role of collective bargaining in the Brazilian labor courts in two very different political settings: the democratic era preceding the 1964 coup and the initial period of the military dictatorship, from 1964 to 1968. The study is based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of collective grievance procedures handled by the Regional Labor Council of São Paulo State. While observing the performance of the labor courts in regard to labor relations, it focuses primarily on three issues: compulsory arbitration, the right to strike, and wage increases. It seeks to reexamine the role of the labor courts in the broader context of Brazilian corporatism and its relations with the labor movement, against the backdrop of a critique of the binary opposition between corporatist and contractualist models of regulating labor relations. In this study, labor judges are viewed as important social actors because their decisions and political and ideological positions were crucial in the enforcement of labor laws.
Εθνικές προτεραιότητες και ευρωπαϊκές προκλήσεις στη μεταρρύθμιση του συστήματος κοινωνικής προστασίας και απασχόλησης στην Ελλάδα, 1980-2004
Authors: Σακελλαρόπουλος Θεόδωρος , Οικονόμου Χαράλαμπος
Published: April 2016

The reforms of social protection and employment policies that took place in Greece over the past three decades were dictated mainly by domestic priorities and needs. Contrary to international tendencies, social protection reforms in Greece obeyed mainly to the need for expansion of the welfare state in new areas, in order to fill the structural and historical social deficits. Policies and initiatives of European inspiration were succesfull only in so far as they pointed towards a direction of further strengthening of the welfare state
Όψεις των επαγγελματικών συνταξιοδοτικών συστημάτων στην Ευρώπη: μια βιβλιογραφική επισκόπηση
Authors: Καπακίδου Νάσια
Published: April 2016

Public pension systems face due to
demographic changes signifi cant challenges
that lead to reforms and to the need to reexamine
of the basic priorities and policy
instruments in relation to pensions. One of
the most important aspects of reforms has
been the development and strengthening of
occupational pension funds. Besides their
basic characteristics, occupational pension
funds present basic structural differences
between EU countries. The present article
seeks to highlight these differences and the
basic characteristics in a variety of member
states.
“50 years of European Social Security Coordination”: the Conclusions of the 2008 international conference of the EISS
Authors: Tsotsorou Dorina
Published: April 2016

No abstract (available).
Ξένοι εργαζόμενοι, συλλογικές αναπαραστάσεις και ταυτότητες. Η περίπτωση των μεταναστών στη συνοικία της Αγίας Τριάδας του Ηρακλείου Κρήτης
Authors: Κατριβέσης Νικόλαος , Προκοπάκης Εμμανουήλ
Published: April 2016

The presence of foreign workers in our country,
contests their stereotypes, ‘representations’,
beliefs as well as their ‘identity’. Their social
and professional acceptance in the country
of ‘reception’ requires a change in the social
beliefs and representations and the distinct
acceptance of new cultural values. This transformation
to a divergent society provokes a
break-through in the self- perception which
leads to a new assessment and meaning of identity.
The ‘self- preservation’ strategies adopted
by the immigrants jeopardize their collective
identity when pursuing their symbolic and social
recognition. Against this background, the
expansion of their “networks”, the education
of the next generation and the change in their
personal preferences pave the way for new social
and symbolic opportunities.