bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of proton-conducting membranes based on sulfonated polystyrene and bacterial cellulose
Authors: Sawitri Nurmania , Ghufira  , Fitriani Dyah , Banon Charles , Agus Triawan Deni , Gustian Irfan
Published: June 2021

Synthesis of composite material based on sulfonated polystyrene and bacterial cellulose as a proton membrane has been carried out. In this study, the membrane was made with the variations mass ratio of sulfonated polystyrene : bacterial cellulose 1,5: 3,5, 2,5: 2,5, 3,5: 1,5. The previous step was sulfonation of polystyrene, in which the polystyrene used is styrofoam from electronic goods packaging waste. Polystyrene in this case styrofoam is sulfonated using the sulfonating agent trimethylsilyl chlorosulfonate. The membranes have characterized by analyzing of functional groups, proton conductivity, cation exchange capacity, and degree of swelling. The FTIR spectrum showed that the sulfonated polystyrene-bacterial cellulose composite material was successfully synthesized which was shown at the peak at wave number 1124.767 cm−1 which was a SO3 stretching vibration. The peak at wave number 962-1150 cm−1 was assigned the stretching of CO vibrations for C-OC and C-OH which indicates cellulose glycosidic bonds. The highest Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) value and proton conductivity were in the composite membrane: bacterial cellulose mass ratio 3,5: 1,5, the CEC value 2.25 meq/g and the proton conductivity value 1.176 x 10−6 S/cm2. This result shows that the sulfonated polystyrene-cellulose bacterial composite membrane has the ability to deliver protons so that it has the potential to be developed as a fuel cell membrane.
Effect of Flow Rate on the Absorption of Rhodamine B, Methyl Orange and Methylene Blue Dyes with Langsat Shell (Lansium domesticum)
Authors: Kurniawati D , Bahrizal  , Sari T K , Adella F
Published: June 2021

Dye waste comes from textile, paint, batik and food industries wastes that produces colored liquid waste which is harmful to the environment. For this reason, the research is carried out to find solutions to these problems. This study aims to determine the effect of flow rate on dye absorption using the column method. Adsorption was carried out by langsat shell activated with nitric acid. The flow rate variations used were 1 mL/minute, 2 mL/minute, 3 mL/minute and 4 mL/minute. The results obtained were that the rhodamine B dye absorbed 1.7901 mg/g, the methyl orange dye occurred 6,0827 mg/g, and the methylene blue dye 12,524 mg/g
Assay Optimization of Lactate Levels in Athletes Using Nanophotometry Methods
Authors: Alicia Farma Siska , Syahrastani
Published: June 2021

Lactate levels are the main parameter used in sports as a marker of fatigue. In general, the measurement of lactate levels in research uses the rapid test diagnostic test method. Biochemically there will be a difference between rapid test measurements with enzymatic methods. But there are many factors to consider in enzymatic testing. The purpose of this study is to optimize the substrate volume and total reaction volume in enzymatic measurement of lactate levels using a nanophotometer. Lactate can be detected in biological samples such as serum, red blood cells, cell culture, and fermentation media. In this study serum was used as a sample obtained from a university student who carried out swimming activities as far as 200m. Then the serum is used to measure lactate levels using the Lactate Assay Kit (MAK064, Sigma Aldrich). Lactate levels were read calorimetric at a wavelength of 570nm with a nanophotometer. Optimization results show the optimum substrate volume is 1.5 ul with 11 ul buffer with the final reaction volume of 25 ul. Standard curves showed regression values (R2) 0,9909, and lactate levels in2,848nmol/µl samples.
Isolation and Characterization of Inulinase Producing Bacteria Dahlia hybrida Hort
Authors: Fifendy M , Yuni A , Kurniati L , Indriati G
Published: June 2021

The use of enzymes in the industrial world is growing, one of which is inulinase. This enzyme can hydrolyze inulin to fructose. The use of fructose as a food or beverage sweetener is more beneficial than sucrose. Inulinase can be produced by plants containing inulin and microorganisms. The ability of bacteria to produce inulinase is more effective and efficient because it is able to live in an extreme environment and is easily manipulated genetically. The purpose of this study was to isolate and determine the characteristics of inulinase-producing bacteria from the Dahlia hybrida Hort rhizosphere. This research was conducted using a descriptive method which was carried out in the Laboratory of Microbiology, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, UNP and the Biotechnology Laboratory of Andalas University. The working procedure is inulin extraction, bacterial isolation, morphological, microscopic and molecular observations which include the process of bacterial DNA isolation and amplification using the 16S rRNA gene. Data on bacterial characteristics were analyzed descriptively including morphology, microscopy, and molecular.The results obtained were four isolates of inulinase-producing bacteria which were classified as gram-negative bacteria with bacillary-shaped cells. However, it has a different colony morphology, namely LK1 isolate irregular shape and uneven colony edges, LK2 isolate round and flat colony edges, LK3 isolate in the form of roots and branched colony edges like fine threads and LK4 isolate round and flat colony edges. DNA isolation of inulinase-producing bacteria was successfully carried out, but amplification of the 16S rRNA gene was not successful. This is probably due to the not optimal annealing temperature in the PCR cycle.
Comparison of Nutritional Content of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) Cultivated Hydroponically and Non-Hydroponically
Authors: Fevria R , Aliciafarma S , Vauzia  , Edwin
Published: June 2021

Water spinach is well known by our society as a green vegetable that has a high vitamin mineral content at a low price and is easy to obtain and its cultivation is also relatively easy. This character supports the development as a potential horticultural crop commodity to be developed. The main source of vitamins is leafy green vegetables. Leaf green vegetables can be cultivated non-hydroponically and hydroponically. In vegetables there is beta-carotene which is the initial form of vitamin A so it is called pro vitamin A or provit A. Provit A is found in leafy green vegetables such as water spinach. The objectives of this study were: To compare the nutritional content of water spinach cultivated hydroponically and non-hydroponically. This research was conducted at the Wire House Biology Laboratory, Padang State University in May - July 2020. This research is a descriptive study. The analysis that will be carried out in this study are: Nutritional content of kale. The research steps that will be carried out are: preparation of hydroponic kale samples obtained from the West Sumatra hydroponic community in Alai and non-hydroponic kale obtained from the Padang Raya market, analysis of nutrient content using spectrophotometric methods and data analysis. From the research that has been done, it is found that the nutritional content of water spinach cultivated non-hydroponically is higher than that of water spinach cultivated hydroponically.
Stomata Characteristics of Ketapang Leaves (Terminalia catappa L.) Based on Environmental Differences
Authors: Des M , Vauzia  , Gusti Y S
Published: June 2021

Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) is a type of plant that is widely planted on the roadside of urban areas that functions as a green plant. The response from green plants exposed to pollutants originating from motorized vehicles can be seen from the leaf stomata. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the stomata of Ketapang leaves in areas with different environmental conditions. The parameters observed were density and stomata distribution. The sample was taken in Bung Hatta Forest Park and on the edge of Prof. Dr. Hamka streets. Observation of stomata using preparations with replica or mold method. The results showed that there were significant differences in the stomata density of Ketapang leaves in both locations. Stomata density on Prof. Dr. Hamka street is higher than the Bung Hatta Forest Park. The average density of the stomata of Ketapang leaves in Bung Hatta Forest Park is 132738.09/mm2 while at the edge of Prof. Dr. Hamka street is 232142.85/mm2. The distribution of stomata of Ketapang leaves in both locations showed no difference, i.e. they were of the hypostomatic type (stomata were only found on the lower surface of leaves).
Optimization of Agricultural Waste Substrate as an Alternative Medium for Xylan in Producing Xylanase Enzymes by Thermophilic Bacteria
Authors: Irdawati I , Sofiyyana A , Advinda L , Fiffendy M , Salvia S , Syamsuardi S , Agustien A , Rilda Y , Yahya Y
Published: June 2021

Xylanase enzyme is a thermostable enzyme produced by thermophilic bacteria which in this study used Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus SSA2 isolates. Xylanase enzyme is able to hydrolyze xylan into xylose and xylooligosaccharides. The use of xylan in large quantities was very ineffective because of the high price and low production at this time, therefore it was necessary to find a cheaper substrate, derived from agricultural waste and potentially as an alternative to replace xylan. The purpose of this research was to find a replacable substrate of xylan from agricultural waste containing hemicellulose. Xylan of extraction results from some agricultural waste are mixed into the fermentation medium. Extraction results that produce the most optimum enzyme activity will be treated to find the optimum concentration of the substrate. This research is an experimental study using RAL, where each treatment has 5 replications. Data on the results of enzyme activity were further analyzed by ANOVA test and and continued with DMRT test at a significant level of 0,05. The results showed that the the results showed that the administration of agricultural waste substrate as a substitute for xylan affected the xylanase enzyme activity, were straw substrate had the highest average of enzyme activity at 6,033 Unit/mL and the husk substrate had the lowest average of enzyme activity at 5,667 Unit/mL. Substrate concentration had no significant effect on xylanase enzyme activity.
Isolation and Determination of Candida albicans on The Mouth and Siwak Salafi Community
Authors: Putra A I , Sari M , Marneli D
Published: June 2021

Siwak is a Salvadoraceae family that is reported by some researchers to have an antimicrobial effect. The purpose of this study was to determine Candida albicans in the mouth and siwak. This research is a type of “true experimental” research with the population of the Salafi community of the Lima Kaum Batusangkar mosque, the sample was taken by purposive sampling as many as three people who showed different ways of using it. The stages of the study were divided into 2 steps, the first step was the isolation of Candida albicans in all three types of samples, the second step was by molecular identification, DNA extraction was carried out by following standard procedures from Sambrook using the phenol-chloroform technique. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) process was carried out using a Thermal Cycler Applied Biosystem Type 2700 with a volume of 25 µl containing 100ng/ml of total DNA, 2 µl 2.5 mM dNTP, 0.62 µl (10 mmol) primary mix forward, and 0.625 µl 10x buffer. The results of the amplification of CO1 gene fragments in electrophoresis using an agarose gel. Readings of the CO1 gene sequences were carried out in Macrogen Co., Korea, using forward primers MI3F (-21) 5‘TGTAAAACGACGGCCAGT3 ‘and reverse primer MI3R (-27) 5‘CAGGAAACAGCTATGAC3’. The results showed that the isolation of the mouth and wood of washed and unwashed siwak showed positive Candida albicans while in samples that varied the use of siwak and toothpaste there was no Candida albicans found in the mouth and the wood of the siwak.
Effect of Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus) Fiber on Energy Intake and Adipose Tissue Profiles in Mice Fed with High-Fat Diet
Authors: Santoso P , Maliza R , Insani S J , Fadhilah Q
Published: June 2021

Jicama (Pachyrhizuz erosus, Fabaceae) has been reported to elicit various medicinal benefits against metabolic disturbances. We also have previously demonstrated that extracted jicama fiber (JF) could sustain normoglycemic state in high-sugar diet fed mice. In this present study, we investigated the effectivity of jicama fiber in preventing the dysregulation of energy metabolism as well as adiposity in adult male BALB/c mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). Three groups of animals were treated with normal diet (ND), HFD, and HFD in combination with 25% JF (w/w), respectively for 8 weeks ad libitum. Furthermore, food intake, energy intake, water intake, white adipose (WAT) and brown adipose (BAT) tissue mass, kidney and liver weight as well as organ index were determined. Our investigation revealed that JF 25% could preclude the perturbation of circadian feeding and energy intake rhythms caused by HFD but significantly reduced total water intake. JF also effectively counteracted the marked increase of WAT and decrease of BAT weight and its index in HFD fed mice. Furthermore, JF did not significantly alter the weight and index of both kidney and liver in HFD fed mice. This finding suggests that JF could be used as a potent supplement to minimize the disruption of energy homeostasis and obesity caused by HFD.
The activity of holy basil leaves (Ocimum sanctum, L) to microbia food born disease (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli)
Authors: Firdausni  , Novelina  , Putra D P
Published: June 2021

Ruku-ruku leave (Ocimum sanctum L.) is part of the plant that has a distinctive aroma with a slight sensation of spicy taste when chewed. Ruku-ruku leaves contain essential oils, tannins, flavonoids, steroids and triterpenoids, some of these chemicals can inhibit bacterial growth (bacteriostatic) or kill bacteria (bacteriocidal). This research conduct a test of antibacterial activity on ethyl acetate extract of ruku-ruku leave to mikroba food-borne disease of Bacillus cereus, Staphilococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The results showed that yield of ethyl acetate extract 8.56 ± 0.87%, with a dark green color with shrinkage drying 22.44 ± 0.0305%, ash content 0.16 ± 0.0156%, The ethyl acetate extract of holy basil leave has an effective blocked to the concentration of 85 mg/ml to the bacteria Bacillus cereus in 15 mm, on concentration 80 mg/ml to the bacteria Streptococcus aureus on 21 mm, in diameter on concentration 75 mg/ml to the bacteria Escherichia coli on 17 mm. The inhibition of relative extract as an antibacterial compared with 1000 ppm 60.00% sodium benzoate to B. cereus, 88.24%, S. aureus, and 78.57% E.coli.
Effect of drying and composition ratio of herbal tea prepared from Clitoria ternatea L. and Ocimum sanctum L. on its antioxidant capacity
Authors: Supriatno  , Rahmatan H , Lelifajri  , Andesa S K
Published: June 2021

Lemon Basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) and Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) have been prepared as an herbal tea source and evaluated their secondary metabolites content and antioxidant values. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of drying time and composition ratio of herbal tea on their antioxidant value. The experimental design of Factorial Completely Randomized Design with nine treatment combination and three replications was applied. The results were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test. The results showed that the treatment affected the antioxidant value with the F-value > F-table (hypothesis accepted) at the test level 0.01 with a value of 94.26 > 3.71. The best treatment is P2K3 by showing an antioxidant value of 38.61 ppm. A total of 37.01 ppm concentration of combined herbal tea samples as a whole can reduce 50% of the radical effects of DPPH compounds. The secondary metabolite compounds contained in combination herbal teas are alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins.
Effect of Weight Training on Protein Metabolism in Members of the Padang State University Fitness Center
Authors: Yuniarti E , Rahmah A , Fortuna F
Published: June 2021

Weight training on muscles will affect protein metabolism. No studies have been conducted regarding the effect of weight training on keratinin, urea, and total protein levels. This study was an experiment with the pre and post-test group method on 22 male people who met the criteria at the Padang State University fitness center. The results showed that there was an average increase in creatinine levels, where the average value of creatinine before weight training was 0.823 mg/dL and after weight training was 0.959 mg/dL. The total protein pretest value was 8.33 ± 1.72 g/dL while there was a decrease in the average posttest amounting to 6.72 ± 1.54 g/dL. The average pretest urea level was 16.95 ± 9.93 mg/dL, while the posttest average increased by 24.68 ± 16.79 mg/dL. It can be concluded that there is an effect of weight training on creatinine, urea and total protein levels with a p value <0.05.
Population of Tambra Fish (Tor tambra) in Batang Gadis River Mandailing Natal North Sumatra
Authors: Atifah Y , Achyar A , Sumarmin R
Published: June 2021

Tambra Fish (Tor tambra) is a commodity of freshwater fish with a high economic rate, therefore the community takes tambra fish continuously. The cultivation of tambra fish from Batang Gadis river Mandailing Natal has not been done, this research aims to find out the population of tambra fish and physical-chemical factors in Batang Gadis river. This type of research is descriptive. The location of the study was determined using purposive random sampling at every 4 (four) stations. The results showed that the population of Tor tambra in Batang Gadis river Mandailing Natal is classified as medium with the population structure is mostly the size of a small fish. The condition of the habitat of tambra fish in Batang Gadis river Mandailing Natal in general is still good enough for the life of tambra fish.
Comparison of effectiveness of red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and candlenut (Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd) as a replacement for media sabouraud dextrose agar for Candida albicans growth
Authors: Sophia A , Suraini  , Yogica R
Published: June 2021

Fungi require nutrients, a source of energy and environmental conditions for their growth. Sabouraud Dextrose Agar is a general medium frequently for fungal growth. The high cost and the difficulty of multiplying SDA media have encouraged researchers to find alternative media from red beans and candlenuts that contain carbohydrates and protein which are as a source of nutrition for the growth of Candida albicans. The research aimed determine the growth of Candida albicans on red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and candlenuts (Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd ) media and to determine the effectiveness of both media. The method of the research is experiment (completely randomized design) with 3 treatments and 9 repetitions. The average of colonies on red beans media of 181.7 CFU/ml, and candlenuts media of 113.8 CFU/ml with an average colony diameter red beans media of 1.19 mm and 1.12 mm candlenut media. Observations processed statistically using One Way Annova. The result showed a significant difference between the count and diameter of Candida albicans growth colonies on red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and candlenut (Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd) media, followed by the Tukey test with the best media results being red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) media.
Effect of PEG-8000 imposed drought stress on rice varieties germination
Authors: Violita V , Azhari S
Published: June 2021

Drought is the major abiotic stress factor that plays crucial role in reduction in plant production of agrycutural fields in the world. In order to evaluate drought stress on rice varieties germination, total 9 rice varieties were collected from varios place in West Sumatera. PEG-8000 is often used to determine tolerance and susceptible in germination level. Three different concentrations of PEG-8000 0%, 10 %, and 20% were used in the experiment. Germination percentage, shoot lenght, root lenght, root dry weight and shoot dry weight were determined as parameters studied. The result showed that rice varieties germination was significantly reduced with the increased of PEG concentration level in all parameters studied. Base on Drought Sensitively Index (DSI) we can classified the rice varieties as tolerant (Harum and Baroto), moderate (Situbagendit and Randam Kaus) and sensitive one (Keriting, Batang Palo, Kuning rendah, Indragiri, and Rosna putih).
Stingless bee-keeping (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) and Its Potency for Other Related-Ventures in West Sumatra
Authors: Herwina H , Salmah S , Janra M N , Mairawita  , Nurdin J , Jasmi  , Yaherwandi  , Rusdimansyah  , Sari D A
Published: June 2021

Stingless bees play important role in many aspects of human livelihood since people have now recognized the benefit of pollen, honey, and cerumen of stingless bees. From survey conducted across the beekeepers in West Sumatra Province, a total of 13 stingless bee species were identified from the West Sumatran beekeeping activities. The survey also aimed to assess the current condition of stingless beekeeping in this province. Heterotrigona itama was recorded as the most popular species for beekeeping, followed by Geniotrigona thoracica and Tetragonula laeviceps, while several Tetragonula members were the least favoured by the beekeepers, i.e. T. minangkabau, T. fuscobaelata and T. testaceitarsis. The number of colonies, experience in practicing beekeeping, marketing, beekeeper networking and other related aspects were also discussed in this paper.
The Diversity of Macroscopic Mushroom at Muhammad Sabki City Forest Park in Jambi City
Authors: Susanti T , Suraida  , Ramadhon R T A
Published: June 2021

The diversity of Indonesia’s flora is shown by the richness of its tropical forests. One of the biodiversities is mushroom of which type is estimated to be 200.000. The aim of the study is to distinguish the diversity of macroscopic mushroom at the forest city park of Muhammad Sabki, Jambi City. This is a descriptive exploratory research by applying a sampling technique through exploring the founded mushrooms and laid the plots randomly. The data are collected by observing, making herbariums, documenting, and identifying the samples. The finding shows that there are 13 species of mushrooms from 2 divisions and 8 families. Basidiomycota division consists of 7 families namely Ganodermataceae, Agaricaceae, Polyporaceae, Dacrymycetaceae, Auriculariaceae, Tremellaceae, and Maramiaseaceae. Whereas, the Ascomycota division has 1 family called Xylariaceae. The types of mushroom founds are Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat, Ganoderma sp.,Paxillus sp, Pycnoporus sp, Lentinus strigosus Fr., Lentinus sajor-caju, (Fr.) Fr., Tyromyces chioneus (P.) P.Karst, Dacryopinax spathularia (Schwein.) GW.Martin, Auricularia auricular (Fr.) J.Schrot., Tremella fuciformis Berkeley, Marasmius candidus (Bolt.) Fr., Marasmius glabellus Peck., Daldinia concentric (Bolton) Caesati & de Notaris. The diversity index figure at the research setting is said to be moderate with an index number of 2.63.
Wi-Fi Access Point’s Analysis in Electrical Engineering Department, Padang State University
Authors: Faradina Nevi , Astrid Erita , Risfendra
Published: June 2021

UNP has facilitated an internet wifi network to support the needs of campus citizen including the electrical engineering department which is connected through several hotspots. However, the network signal strength is unstable and uneven to serve all community members. In some places, the level signal captured by end device is very weak. This certainly affects the internet access speed used by the user. So, it’s necessary to plan the needs of the access point (AP) device both in terms of coverage and capacity. We need to estimate users & the area model. The propagation used is COST 231 multiwall which is used to describe characteristics that have many barriers. By using 2.4GHz frequency and predetermined parameters, to cover all blocks of electrical engineering, in term of coverage quite needed 1 AP but in term of the capacity, it’s needed 6 AP, with the RSL value below Receiver threshold.
Feasibility of waste cooking oil as biodiesel feedstock
Authors: Rizki Putri Primandari Sri , Arafat Andril
Published: June 2021

Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) has potential as biodiesel feedstock since it contains triglycerides. However, it contains many impurities and requires several purifications. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the feasibility of WCO as a biodiesel feedstock in the term of physicochemical properties such as free fatty acid content (%FFA) as palmitic acid, moisture content, and peroxide number. Samples are collected from fast-food fried chicken restaurants in Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia. WCO is processed by filtering, degumming, centrifugation, neutralization, and adsorption. FFA content, moisture content, and peroxide number are examined based on ISO 660, ISO 665, and ISO 3960, respectively. The finding shows that WCO has 2.01%FFA, 0.65% moisture content, and 1.02 mg O2/100g peroxide number. These findings show that WCO is feasible as biodiesel feedstock after several purifications. The results of this study are expected as the basic information in biodiesel production by using waste cooking oil as biodiesel feedstock.
SEM morphology, porosity, swelling and hardness test of foam from dried albumin -gambier tannins
Authors: Anova I T , Kasim A , Anggraini T
Published: June 2021

Phenolic foam is a product of natural albumin made from gambier tannins, water, and other additional substances. The interaction of albumin and tannin polyphenols can be considered as complex formation because of the secondary bonds that exist between them. Albumin-based foam is produced by a high-speed mixing system, therefore obtaining a homogeneous emulsion of gas dispersion in the oven-dried liquid. The aim of this study was to examine the morphological structure, porosity, swelling, and hardness of a foam made from several concentrations of dried albumin mixed with gambier tannins. The results showed that there werelarge, small, regular and cracked pore structures, with an average porosity of 73.16%, swelling of 45.55% and hardness of 22.09 (N/cm2) depending on albumin concentration used.
Storage resistance and a level of panelist acceptance on tomatoes sauce enriched with kandis acid (Garcinia cowa Roxb) extract as a preservative
Authors: Kamsina K. , Three Anova Inda
Published: June 2021

Kandis (Garcinia cowa Roxb) is a fruit plant contains chemical compounds such as phenols, flavonoid, alkaloid, saponins, ascorbic acid and hydroxyl-citric acid that are essential as antimicrobial and food preserving substances. The aim of this study is to use kandis as natural preservative to improve the storage of tomato sauce, hence minimize the use of synthetic food preservative. The study uses completely randomized design method with the treatments as follow; (A) using kandis extract that macerated with water inside 121°C autoclave for 15 minutes, (B) using magnetic stirrer set at 100°C for 8 hours, (C) using magnetic stirrer set at 60°C for 24 hours, (D) using the 1: 1 mixture between ethanol and aquadest for 24 hours, (E) control, without addition of kandis extract, and (F) with addition of citric acid. The tomato sauce products then examined through organoleptic test for their colours, taste, flavour and texture. The observations on pH and mold infestation were conducted weekly up until 6 (six) weeks. The result showed that the treatment A performed the most, indicated with sensoric score for taste, flavour and texture yielded respectively 4.08; 4.17; 4.08, with average pH 3.8 and mold infestation 35 colonies/g during 6 weeks of storage. This result is similar to what shown with the citric acid treatment as well as complies with SNI 01-3546-2004 (tomato sauce).
Design of ionosphere sensor for total electron content measurement
Authors: Sitompul Peberlin , Manik Timbul , Syafrijon  , Razi Pakhrur
Published: June 2021

National Institute of Aeronautics Space (LAPAN) develops satellites for many applications, such as for remote sensing, with camera and sensors for atmospheric parameter measurement. Distribution of electron density in altitude 60 to 1000 km, is very important for many applications, such as for radio communication and as early warning indicator. Many papers indicate the correlation of electron density variation to earthquake event and also mountain eruption. For covering wider area on ionosphere region of earth are needed a sensor based on satellite to collect the ionospheric data. Nanosatellite in constellation give more data in space and time. Although nanosatellite limited in of size and power, some nanosatellites already implemented and launched for scientific mission. In this research, we conduct a simulation and then fabrication steps, to validate the consistency of simulation one and the measurement. The antenna for beacon transmitter, and for telemetry has been fabricated and have a good result with antenna gain more than 4 dB. This paper discusses the design of ionospheric sensor that is proposed for ionospheric TEC measurement and its progress.
Scaffolding Based Learning: Strategies For Developing Reflective Thinking Skills (A Case Study On Random Variable Material in Mathematics Statistics Courses)
Authors: Hidayatul Khusna Arif
Published: June 2021

Scaffolding is a learning model by providing assistance based on student difficulties. The purpose of this study is to describe the application of scaffolding-based learning to support students’ reflective thinking skills in mathematics statistics courses. Research subjects were 43 5th semester students of mathematics education study programs. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study with three research procedures carried out, namely: 1) a preliminary study, 2) planning, and 3) implementation. The instruments used were lecturer activity observation sheets and student activity observation sheets. The results showed that the components of scaffolding-based learning can be used to support students’ reflective thinking skills in this case in learning mathematics statistics. Explaining and reviewing play a role in shaping pre-reflective situations, restructuring in shaping reflective situations, and developing conceptual thinking play a role in shaping post-reflective situations.
Encouraging Students’ Active Learning Activities through the Implementation of MASTER Learning Model Based on Mind Mapping Techniques
Authors: Suherman S , Zafirah A , Agusti F A , Sandra R P , Engkizar  , Efendi
Published: June 2021

Students’ active learning activities are one indicator of success in a learning process. In fact, students tend to listen to teacher explanations which hamper students learning activities. This point make students not free to develop their potential, so the most students are not interested in mathematics learning. Therefore, there needs to be an effort in this problem, namely by using the steps in the learning model. This study aims to determine the application of MASTER based on mind mapping in increasing the learning activities of students at SMA Pembangunan Laboratorium UNP. This research used non-test techniques in the form of observation sheets and field notes. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the learning activities of implementation of the MASTER based on mind mapping experienced an increase in the A4 indicator and experienced fluctuations in indicators A1, A2, A3, A5, and A6. Even so, the overall average of this research succeeded in reaching 87.5% in the very good category. It means that the implementation of a mind mapping-based learning model shows an active learning activity.
Implementation of real analysis module with PQ4R strategy in facilitating self-regulated learning (SRL)
Authors: Theis R , Junita R
Published: June 2021

Students do not have teaching materials that suit their needs. the need for students to improve their learning outcomes, independent learning, and teaching materials that are easy to understand and structured according to the learning outcomes of FKIP students. Therefore the steps in the PQ4R strategy can help students in organizing texts, and organize itself to obtain more in-depth information by means of broader elaboration. So students will be more independent in learning. Independence in learning is termed Self-regulated Learning (SRL). The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of real analysis learning with the PQ4R strategy and produce a product in the form of “real analysis teaching material to facilitate effective Self-regulated Learning (SRL)” of students. This research is a follow-up research of development research with the development model used is the ADDIE development model. The analysis phase, design phase, and development phase have been completed in previous research. In this study continued with the Implementation phase. The results showed that the implementation of real analysis teaching materials with the PQ4R strategy in facilitating student Self-regulated Learning (SRL) went well, which is in the category of very good and good. Real analysis learning with the PQ4R strategy, which through preview and question activities allows students to have self-planning, and through read and reflect activities allows students to monitor themselves, as well as through recite and review activities, students conduct self-evaluation. Real analysis teaching materials to facilitate quality Self-regulated Learning (SRL) are effective on medium category with an N-Gain value of 0.43 and Self-regulated Learning (SRL) students are in the medium category.
Development of Mathematics Student Worksheets Through the Approach Model Eliciting Activities (MEAs) on the Triangle Material
Authors: Munir N P , Anas A , Sunarti  , Mursalin N R , Natsir I
Published: June 2021

Student Worksheet is one of the teaching materials needed by teachers on the mathematics learning process to achieve basic competencies needed. The objective of this study is protype final, quality, and effectiveness of the development of worksheets based on the MEAs approach of triangel material. This type of R & D (Research and Development) research adopts the ADDIE development model. The trial sujects in this study are Grade VII students of SMP Negeri 1 Suli, Luwu Regency. Tehnique collection data that used were validity data obtained from validation sheets by experts, practicality data obtained from student response questionnaires and effectiveness data obtained from student learning outcomes tests. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of this study indicate that: The final prototype of the worksheet product developed had suitable with the principles of the MEAs approach, ther are: identifying problems, simplifying problems, building mathematical models, transforming and solving models, and interpreting the results; the quality of worksheet for validation is 85% in the very valid category, the average practicality is 73% in the practical category; and the effectiveness of the student worksheet score average 87% is in the very effective category increasing student learning outcomes in the material triangle.
The development of 3D animated video for mathematics learning in elementary schools
Authors: Ultra Gusteti Meria , Rifandi Ronal , Gustya Manda Trysa , Putri Melani
Published: June 2021

The background of this research is due to the limited learning media in the form of 3D animated videos for Mathematics subjects. This study aims to develop a valid 3D animated video on the material of the addition and subtraction of integers in elementary schools. The development model used is the DDD-E model. The 3D animated video developed was validated by three validators in term of the content and the media. The average validation value for content validation and media validation are 3.33 and 3.67 respectively. These results indicate that the 3D animated video developed is in very valid criteria.
Defragmentation of Preservice Teacher’s Thinking Structures in Solving Higher Order Mathematics Problem
Authors: Wulandari S , Gusteti M U
Published: June 2021

Demands to have higher order thinking skills is not only aimed for students. A teachers must have that skills first.The problem now is the lack of preservice teacher’s competence in solving mathematics problem with high order thinking skills. This study aims to find out the construction errors and problem solving by preservice teacher when solving problem with high order thinking skills, especially on trigonometry material. In order to repair these errors, a defragmentation process is carries out on their stucture of thought. The qualitative research methods applied to describe thinking structures and the form of defragmentation given. The research data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s model of data analysis, namely reducing data, presenting data and making conclutions. The research found that there are three forms of concept’s construction errors and solving problem, they are wrong pseudo, mis-logical construction and hole of construction. Based on the findings of errors, the researcher performs a defragmentation process of thinking structure by providing scaffolding. The form of scaffolding given were giving a recommendation to rechecking, recall existing schemes fo assimilation, and explaining the actual logics.
The impact of an exploratory approach in teaching mathematics to students’ creative thinking abilities
Authors: Haji S , Yumiati
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of an exploratory approach on the creative thinking abilities of Junior High School students in Bengkulu City. This type of research is experimental research with Posttest-Only Control Group Design. The research sample is 87 students of 8th grade at SMPN 1, SMPN 11, and MTs Ja-Al Haq in the second semester of 2019/2020 Academic Year. Based on the Kruskal_Wallis H. test, the asymp value is 0.00 smaller than 0.05, so there is differences in students’ creative thinking abilities, which is taught by using an exploration approach to teaching mathematics in high, middle and lower level schools. The average value of students’ creative thinking skills from each school level is as follows: upper level school is 63.34; middle level schools is 59.38, and lower level school is 49.27. The ability to think creatively High School Junior high level students better than lower school students. The ability to think creatively of middle level Junior High School students is better than lower level school students. However, based on the Mann-Whitney test, a significance value of 0.489 is greater than 0.05 between the ablitiy of the creative thinking of high school students and middle school students. So, there is no difference in the ability to think creatively High School Junior high school students with middle school students.
Mathematics Teaching Innovations and The Evaluation during the Pandemic: What Else Can We Do to Help Our Students Learning?
Authors: Iswanti  , Novitasari Mara Muhlasah , Suryanti Sri , Raharjo Suko
Published: June 2021

This paper describes the innovations in mathematics teaching for the D3 Dep. of Electrical Engineering Politeknik Negeri Semarang (Polines), Indonesia during the corona pandemic and the evaluation. The case study method is chosen to observe the qualitative and quantitative data based on three considerations, i.e. the technologies, goals and assessments. The results show three things: teaching innovations based on the processes and products and the evaluation. Processes here mean the variety on the technology use in teaching. During the pandemic, not only Whatsapp (WA) application is used to support the teaching but also two learning management systems (LMS), i.e. Elnino (Moodle-based) and Google Classroom (Google-based). These technologies are used simultantly to record the attendances as well as to deliver teaching and assignment materials. Meanwhile, Whatsapp (WA) application is then used specifically for discussions, Google Classroom for submitting assignment and Elnino for managing the grades. Beside the LMS, another technology, i.e. Youtube channel, is used to share teaching materials in the video format. Meanwhile products here mean innovations on the goals and assessments modifications. Goals are simplified into three (out of four) purposes only. While assessments only consist of the two (out of three) individual assignments and two (out of four) group works. As the evaluation given by students’ feedback, more teaching innovations are needed to balance the synchronous and asynchronous teaching approaches. Which means more technologies can be used to conduct online meeting (e.g. Zoom meeting, Google Meet) and interactive online quizzes (e.g. Kahoot, Mentimeter).
Perception of readiness for online learning: Voice from Mathematics Learners
Authors: Suryanti S , Sutaji D , Iswanti
Published: June 2021

This research explores learners’ mathematics readiness for online learning in Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik. A total number of 125 learners participated in an online questionare in June 2020. The instrument used is student readiness for online Learning (SROL) instrument consisting of four dimensions, online student attributes, time management, communication, and technical. Validity and reliability of SROL instrument were examined. Statistic descriptive students’ perception of data on readiness in online learning was presented, while to look at differences in perceptions of male students and female students used the Anova test. The results showed the technical and communication competencies components were rated high for importance compared to online student attributes and time management. Other results also show that gender has significantly different perceptions of online learning readiness.
Practicality of Realistic Mathematics Education Based Learning Design of Linear Programming For Financial Accounting Major in Vocational High School
Authors: Sutiaharni  , Armiati  , Permana D
Published: June 2021

This study discusses the practicality of Realistic Mathematics Education based learning design of linear programming for financial accounting and major in Xth grade vocational high schools. The research method used is qualitative research. This article discusses the practicality of learning design in the one-to-one evaluation and small group evaluation. The subjects were mathematics teachers and Xth grade students in financial accounting majors at SMKN 2 Padang. The instruments used were interview guidelines and practicality questionnaires. Descriptive techniques are used to describe data from interviews. The practicality questionnaire of learning design is described by data frequency analysis techniques using the formula proposed by Purwanto. The results of the teacher’s questionnaire responses were 89.17% with a very practical category. The results of the student response questionnaire were 77.79% with the practical category. Based on the results of interviews and questionnaires show that the learning design developed has been practically used both for teachers and students in learning linear programming.
Using by E-Learning with Information Theory Adaptive Model to Increase Self-Regulated Learning Students
Authors: Jamaan E Z , Arnellis
Published: June 2021

This study aims to describe the influence of Elitas’ model on self-regulated learning Students and student learning outcomes at Semester January –June 2020 of Mathematics Education Study. The type of research used in this research was descriptive research with the design of one shot case study. The subjects in this study were students who were English for Mathematics course in the scope of 72 people in the FMIPA UNP. The instrument that will be used in this study is in the form of learning outcomes test and student self-regulated learning questionnaire sheets. Analysis of the data used are percentage analysis and to test hypotheses used t-test. The results showed by student learning independence score has a mean of 88.72 and high percentage of independence in using knowledge and experience was 79.17%. Based on student learning outcomes, it was a significant effect of in terms of there are differences in student learning outcomes before and after using the Elita model in EFM lectures.
Cognitive map: strategies for tracking error patterns in mathematics proof
Authors: Prayitno Anton , Dwi Widayanti Febi
Published: June 2021

The difficulty of students in constructing mathematical proof is often seen in the form of solving errors they make. In this case, students’ mistakes in mathematical proof are a reflection of their way of thinking. If these errors are not resolved, it will have an impact on students’ thinking when working on further mathematical proofs. The patterns of student error in constructing mathematical evidence can be identified, namely: 1) proving statements by providing numbers or examples, 2) manipulating incorrect algebra, 3) verifying numerical proof after formal proof, and 4) inability to understand the definition of the statement. Of course, this error pattern needs to be traced more deeply using cognitive maps. Cognitive maps are techniques for representing how subjects think about a particular problem or situation so that researchers can act for the next step. This is, of course, a cognitive map is a person’s perspective on the subject, which is described qualitatively by connecting concepts to be able to predict causal behaviour. Therefore, students’ thought processes of constructing mathematical evidence can be traced using cognitive map.
The profile of prospective physics teachers’ conceptual change based on cognitive style dimensions through collaborative learning on electricity and magnetism topic
Authors: Rahmawati R , Rustaman N Y , Hamidah I , Rusdiana D
Published: June 2021

This study aims to explore conceptual changes of prospective physics teachers on electricity and magnetism topic based on the different of their cognitive style dimension through collaborative learning. The research method used was pre-experiment with pre-test and post-test designs. The sample in this study was 30 prospective physics teachers at a university in Makassar for the first year of the 2018/2019 academic year. Conceptual changes of prospective physics teachers were measured by the four-tier test. The analysis of conceptual changes was divided into three categories, namely not understanding, understanding, and misconceptions. Cognitive style were divided into Field Independence (FI) and Field Dependence (FD) which were measured using the Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT) standard test. The results showed that there were no FI students who had misconceptions both on the initial and final test but decreased in the category of not understanding (1%), and increased in the category of misconceptions (1%). Meanwhile, FD students experienced misconceptions both on the initial test (34%) and the final test (20%) but decreased in not understanding (2.7%) and increased in understanding (17.7%). The results also provided collaborative learning contributed to improve students’ conceptual changes from misconceptions and not understanding concepts to be understanding concepts.