bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Design Flood for Rivers of Saurashtra Region Contributing into the Gulf of Khambhat
Authors: Kumari Priyanka , Kumar Sushil
Published: December 2016

Design flood has been estimated for rivers of Saurashtra region contributing into the Gulf of Khambhat using deterministic as well as statistical approach for planning, design and management of hydraulic structures. By comparing the results obtained by these approaches, one can easily estimate the flow rate or peak discharge to a given design return period and can establish the suitability of approach for this study area. Nine river basins with 20 dams of Saurashtra region were analyzed in this study. Though Saurashtra is one of the most water scarce regions of India yet it suffers from the flooding problem, as the numbers of rainy days are very less and the rainfall intensity is very high. Due to being a regulated basin, dam wise study was preferred. Deterministic approach was carried out using synthetic unit hydrograph (SUH) and regional flood formulae (RFF) methods for subzone-3a provided in Central Water Commission (CWC) report, 2001. Statistical approach was carried out using Rainfall frequency analysis employingGumbel’s EV1distribution. As there is no spill by these hydraulic structures and the annual flood data for the nine river sites are heavily affected by the storage dams in the upstream. Hence these data violate the basic principle of virgin flow. Hence the analysis of these data was not attempted further. The main objective of study was to carry out the rainfall frequency analysis for these river basins to get 24 hour rainfall for a return period of 25, 50 and 100 years for an individual basin instead of using the value obtained by iso-pluvial map to estimate the design flood. The overall results reveals that due to construction of number of dams in 9 river basins, design flood estimation on each dam by using deterministic approach is more feasible.Revised design floods using SUH and RFF method on the basis of estimated rainfall indicates over-estimated and under-estimated design floods. Since the percentage difference is very less between revised SUH and revised RFF method. So, for safety purpose one with higher value should be used.
Forecasting Runoff and Sediment Yield by ANN and Fuzzy Logic Algorithms for Kal River, India
Authors: Gharde K. D , Kothari Mahesh , Mahale D. M
Published: December 2016

The ANN and fuzzy logic (FL) models were developed to forecast the runoff and sediment yield for catchment of Kal River, India in METLAB 2.9b witting the programme supporting to nntool. The input to the models were used as daily rainfall, evaporation, temperature and one day and tow day lag runoff for runoff modelling. Whereas, for sediment yield modelling inputs in ANN and Fuzzy logic model used as daily rainfall, one and two day runoff. The inputs data for both models of 21 years (1991 to 2011) were considered in present study on daily basis. The 14 years (1991 to 2004) used in developing the models whereas rest 7 years (2005 to 2011) for validation of the models. In sediment yield modelling, 7 years (2003 to 2009) data were used for developing and validation of models. The models performance were evaluated by standard statistical indices such R, RMSE, EV, CE, and MAD. It was found that ANN model performance improved with increasing the input vectors. The fuzzy logic model was performed well with R value more than 0.95 during developmental stage and validation stage over ANN model for predicting runoff and sediment yield. Hence, FL model found to be more superior to ANN in prediction of runoff and sediment yield for Kal river.
High achievers will take control of their learning
Authors: McEvoy Wendy
Published: December 2016

One of the things that motivates babies is the need to have some control over what happens to them, including what and how they learn. This self-regulation has many benefits to the developing child.
Safeguarding – everyone's responsibility and concern
Authors: Lee Maureen
Published: December 2016

Maureen Lee talks to Karen Lees and Stephanie Robinson about a variety of approaches to training designed to ensure all staff members have the correct knowledge and experience to keep children safe.
Creating solutions through exploration and enjoyment
Authors: Clifton Jessica
Published: December 2016

Jess Clifton from LEGO Education discusses the benefits of creative and playful learning in early development, and practical classroom ideas to get children thinking about the world around them.
Jumping frogs: the playful language of subtraction
Authors: Moffett Pamela
Published: December 2016

Although it can be complex, the ability to understand and use the relevant vocabulary is essential if young children are to learn the language and skills needed to become proficient in mathematics.
Developing learning while letting interests unfold
Authors: Quinn Sarah
Published: December 2016

The ‘floor book’ method can be used for a variety of different reasons, including teaching children to communicate and collaborate effectively; and it can be used as an effective tool for staff development.
Pliable but always reliable
Authors: Chapman Ailsa
Published: December 2016

Whatever activity you might have planned, you can guarantee that children will take it in different and novel directions, making learning more powerful. Playdough is the ultimate in sensory, malleable materials.
Aggrastat-Argatroban Mix-ups Don't Expect Radiofrequency Identification Stock Systems to be Perfect Paralyzed by Mistakes: Reassess the Safety of Neuromuscular Blockers in Your Facility
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L.
Published: December 2016

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs.

Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below.

Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Pentostatin, Cyclophosphamide and Rituximab (PCR) Regimen
Authors: Solimando Dominic A. , Waddell J. Aubrey
Published: December 2016

The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy, and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
Daclizumab
Authors: Kim Anne P. , Baker Danial E.
Published: December 2016

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are are available online to subscribers. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service, contact Wolters Kluwer customer service at 866-397-3433. The December 2016 monograph topics are ozenoxacin cream, ocrelizumab, naldemedine, eteplirsen, and abaloparatide. The Safety MUE is on buprenorphine buccal.
La terra e l’εὕρησις del fuoco nella Grecia Antica
Authors: Colabella Sabrina
Published: December 2016

L’ εὕρησις del fuoco nell’Antica Grecia è generalmente abbinata al mito di Prometeo. Ma nelle fonti antiche sono presenti numerose tracce di una narrazione mitica secondo cui l’origine del fuoco era da ricondurre anche a Gaia e alla terra. Tale narrazione mitica sembra presentare una stretta connessione con dati ed esperienze appartenenti al vissuto dell’uomo greco, per il quale Gaia / la terra risulterebbe connessa a funzioni ampie e fondamentali.
Três biografias quinhentistas da Rainha Santa Isabel
Authors: Toipa Helena Costa
Published: December 2016

Dando continuidade aos esforços de canonização de D. Isabel de Aragão, D. João III obteve do Papa, em 1556, a autorização para alargar o culto da já beata D. Isabel a todo o reino. Solicitou, então, aos responsáveis dos mosteiros portugueses, nomeadamente à abadessa do mosteiro de Santa Clara, a composição de uma biografia da rainha, a partir de documentos existentes nesse mosteiro. Surgiram, então, três biografias, todas inspiradas nos referidos documentos: De Vita et Moribus Beatae Elisabethae Lusitaniae Reginae do padre jesuíta Pedro João Perpinhão; Vida e milagres da gloriosa Raynha sancta Ysabel, molher do catholico Rey dom Dinis sexto de Portugal, editada pelos mordomos da Confraria da Rainha Santa Isabel, e “ Vida da Bemaventurada sancta Isabel Raynha de Portugal”, de Frei Marcos de Lisboa, inclusa na Segunda Parte das suas Chronicas da Ordemdos Frades Menores.
CALVO MARTÍNEZ, José Luis, Literatura al amanecer, Estudios de Literatura Griega. Orígen, esplendor y decadencia de los géneros literarios., 370 pp., Granada, Editorial de la Universidad, 2014, ISBN 978-84-338-5645-6
Authors: Silva Maria de Fátima
Published: December 2016

https://doi.org/10.14195/2183-1718_68_14
FINGLASS, P.J. and KELLY, A. (eds.), Stesichorus in Context, 211 pp., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2015, ISBN 978-1-107- 06973-2
Authors: Carvalho Sofia Gil
Published: December 2016

https://doi.org/10.14195/2183-1718_68_16
JESUS, Carlos A. Martins de , Pseudo-Aristotle. Epitaphs for the heroes. Pepli Epitaphia (Appendix Planudea). Introduction, text, and commentary, 106 pp., Logos Verlag Berlin, 2015, ISBN 978-3-8325-4143-9
Authors: Cação Elisabete
Published: December 2016

https://doi.org/10.14195/2183-1718_68_18
MORÃO, Paula e PIMENTEL, Cristina (eds.), Matrizes clássicas da Literatura Portuguesa: uma (re)visão da literatura portuguesa das origens à contemporaneidade, 550 pp., Lisboa, Campo da Comunicação, 2014, ISBN 978-989-8465-24-5
Authors: Silva Maria de Fátima
Published: December 2016

https://doi.org/10.14195/2183-1718_68_21
PIMENTEL, Miguel Cândido e CARVALHO, Sofia Alexandra (coord.), António Quadros , Obra, pensamento, contextos, 342 pp., Lisboa, Universidade Católica, 2016, ISBN 978-9-7254-0477-5
Authors: Portocarrero Maria Luísa
Published: December 2016

https://doi.org/10.14195/2183-1718_68_22
REBALDE, João, Liberdade humana e perfeição divina na Concordia de Luis de Molina, (col. Estudos e Textos de Filosofia Medieval, 7) 215 pp., Famalicão, Humus Ed., 2015, ISBN 978-989-755-162-8
Authors: Senra Martins Armando
Published: December 2016

https://doi.org/10.14195/2183-1718_68_24
RUGGIO, Luca, Alla maniera dei comici – Aspetti del comico della comedia umanistica, 210 pp., Bari, Cacucci Editore, 2015, ISBN 978-88-6611-429-1
Authors: Martins Ana Isabel Correia
Published: December 2016

https://doi.org/10.14195/2183-1718_68_26
Personal, paternal, patriotic: the threefold sacrifice of Iphigenia in Euripides' Iphigenia in Aulis
Authors: Bacalexi Dina
Published: December 2016

In the IA, Iphigenia accepts to be sacrificed. This voluntary sacrifice can be interpreted as a result of her threefold motivation: personal, love for life; paternal, love for her father Agamemnon, the leader of the Greek army which is about to sail to Troy; and patriotic, love for her country, the great Hellas, whose dignity and freedom Agamemnon and the army intend to defend. These three motives are interconnected and should not be considered separately. This is the principal Euripidean innovation, with regard to the mythical and Aeschylean tradition of Iphigenia's sacrifice. It allows us to reconsider the Aristotelian criticism concerning Iphigenia's change of mind, and to restore the unity of the character.
A bela morte das mulheres segundo o livro VII da Antologia Palatina
Authors: Ferreira Luísa De Nazaré
Published: December 2016

Tornar-se mãe na Grécia antiga poderia ser uma experiência muito dolorosa e arriscada. Segundo alguns estudiosos, as fontes literárias e iconográficas atestam a associação no pensamento grego entre a morte no parto e a morte em combate. O contributo que propomos para esta discussão baseia-se na análise de treze epigramas funerários da Antologia Palatina (7. 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 462, 463, 464, 465, 528, 729, 730).
Realidade, transformação e celebração
Authors: Brito Cristiane Carvalho de Paula
Published: December 2016

Ancorados no escopo teórico-metodológico da Análise do Discurso francesa em interface com os estudos da Linguística Aplicada, visamos, neste trabalho, (i) investigar atravessamentos discursivos em textos acadêmicos sobre o Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência, em diferentes licenciaturas; (ii) analisar os mecanismos discursivos que permitem a emergência e o silenciamento/apagamento dos sentidos; (iii) problematizar representações acerca do ensino-aprendizagem, do sujeito professor e aluno e do programa em si; e (iv) discutir as implicações dessa discursividade para a formação de professores. Nossas análises sugerem que as Instâncias Enunciativas Sujeitudinais inscrevem-se nos discursos da realidade, transformação e celebração, obliterando não apenas o aspecto conflitivo e tenso inerente à prática docente, como também o caráter político que envolve programas dessa natureza.
Ontem, hoje e amanhã
Authors: Costa Alan Ricardo , Fialho Vanessa Ribas
Published: December 2016

Considerando que “[...] só é possível prever o futuro quando se olha para o passado” (LEFFA, 2012, p. 404), se faz necessário investigar o passado e o presente da web, das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) e das tecnologias educacionais para o ensino e a aprendizagem de Línguas Estrangeiras (LE), para especular sobre o futuro, por mais incerto que este seja. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar e discutir as mudanças nas TIC e ferramentas educacionais, do passado para o presente, para apontar perspectivas emergentes ao alcance do professor de LE. Os resultados - que partem de observações sobre alguns recursos e ferramentas digitais disponíveis no Repositório Acción E/LE (Espanhol como Língua Estrangeira) - indicam que: (1) recursos online e TIC em geral não tendem a negar o antigo, mas sim incorporá-lo ao novo, fazendo com que tais recursos estejam em contínua evolução; (2) esta evolução, consequentemente, acontece de forma gradual e complexa: nem todas as TIC e tecnologias educacionais mudam ao mesmo tempo ou na mesma medida; (3) a tendência mais visível e emergente é, possivelmente, a colaboração em massa subjacente às ferramentas e seus usos, o que explica o surgimento dos Recursos Educacionais Abertos (REA), por exemplo.
Traditional methods and related factors about postnatal baby care known and/or applied by married women living in Kiziltepe sub-province of Mardin province
Authors: Bayram Değer Vasfiye , Deveci Erhan
Published: December 2016

Traditional practices are important health care problems performed by mothers during the postnatal period. This study performed with married women living in Kiziltepe sub-province of Mardin province. The aim of this study is to determine traditional medicine practices and factors related to baby care in the postnatal period which were used by married women living in Kiziltepe sub-province of Mardin province.In this cross-sectional study, a face to face conversation survey was conducted with 549 married women and 527 participants could be reached. Socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric history and postnatal period infant care practices were recorded. Data were analyzed by using the SPSS package program, percentage average, chi-square analyses. The mean age of women was 36.77±12.39. The application rate of traditional practices increased when the educational levels of husbands were low, and as the mothers were getting old (p<0.05). Furthermore, women who had high number of children, who did not give birth in the hospital, and who tried to solve health problems by applying traditional practices instead of visiting the physician commonly. Conclusively, it was detected that the application rate of traditional postnatal practices which were applied by women living in Kiziltepe sub-province of Mardin province was high. There should be further studies in order to interfere with these harmful traditional practices.
Investigating the relationship between gender inequality and happiness of OECD countries using classical and robust canonical correlation analyses
OECD ülkelerinde cinsiyet eşitsizliği ve mutluluk arasindaki ilişkinin klasik ve dayanikli kanonik korelasyon analizleri ile incelenmesi
Authors: Giray Selay , Yorulmaz Özlem , Başcı Bilge
Published: December 2016

Gender equality corrresponds to equal rights and opportunities of individuals based on their gender. However, gender inequality refers mostly  lack of women’s  economic and political empowerment. Socially constructed different gender roles can be observed mostly in daily life.  Gender inequality  which can be perceived as an important social dynamic affects the happiness of individuals and hence  happiness of society. In this study, the relationship between the sub indicators of Gender Inequality Index and Happines Index for OECD countries have been investigated using canonical correlation analysis based on both pearson correlation matrix and  MM  covariance estimator. As is known, canonical correlation analysis explores the relationships between two multivariate sets of variables. Findings indicate that there is a strong correlation between Gender Inequality Index and Happines Index. ÖzetToplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği kadınların ve erkeklerin, kız ve erkek çocuklarının eşit hak, sorumluluk ve fırsatlardan yararlanma hakkına sahip oldukları anlamına gelmektedir. Daha çok kadına yönelik cinsiyet eşitsizliği olarak yansıyan cinsiyet eşitsizliği ise kaynaklara ve fırsatlara ulaşmada eşitsizlik, iş hayatı ve siyasette kadının sınırlı olarak yer alması şeklinde tanımlanabilir. Cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin gündelik yaşamdaki yansıması en iyi çiftler arasındaki ilişkilerde ve toplumsal kültürel yapıda gözlenebilmektedir. Toplumsal dinamik olarak önemli bir faktör olan cinsiyet eşitsizliği doğrudan bireylerin mutluluğu ve dolayısıyla toplumun mutluluğu üzerinde oldukça etkilidir. Bu çalışmada OECD ülkelerine ait Cinsiyet eşitsizliği indeksi bileşenleri  ve mutluluk indeksi bileşenleri arasındaki ilişki Pearson korelasyon matrisi ve dayanıklı (robust) MM kovaryans tahmincisine dayalı kanonik korelasyon analizleri ile incelenmiştir. Bilindiği gibi kanonik korelasyon analizi, değişken setleri arasındaki ilişki incelenirken kullanılan bir çok değişkenli analiz tekniğidir. Her iki yaklaşıma göre elde edilen bulgular mutluluk indeksi ve cinsiyet eşitsizliği indeksi arasında güçlü bir ilişkiye işaret etmektedir.
Us and Them: A Vision of Heroes on the Move in John McGahern’s Fiction
Authors: Radler Dana
Published: December 2016

Current explorations of migration in fiction focus on innovative perspectives, linking memory and trauma with the concepts of exile and conflict. Personal memories ask for an understanding of what belonging and identity represent for the Irish; immigration has hybrid and fertile links to memory studies, psychology and psychoanalysis (Akhtar), making the immigrant both love and hate his new territory, while returning to the past or homeland to reflect and regain emotional balance. From the focus on ‘the sexy foreigner’ (Beltsiou), we rely on the idea of crisis discussed by León Grinberg and Rebeca Grinberg, Frank Summers’ examination of identity, the place of the modern polis and the variations of the narrative (Phillips), the trans-generational factor (Fitzgerald and Lambkin), the departure seen as an exile (Murray and Said) and the impact of guilt (Wills).

Such views support an analysis of McGahern’s writing which works as a blend of memories and imagination, the writer highlighting dilemmas, success and failure as ongoing human threads. They are as diverse as the people met by the novelist in his youth, many of them being workers, nurses, entrepreneurs, teachers and writers, both young immigrants in search of a better life and migrants returning to spend their retirement or holidays home.
Physico-Chemical and Environmental Characterisation of the Dust from Dry Dedusting of the Green Sand
Authors: Bobrowski A. , Grabowska B. , Żymankowska-Kumon S. , Kurleto-Kozioł Ż.
Published: December 2016

The article presents research results of physico-chemical and environmental issues for the dust generated during dedusting of the installation for the processing and preparation of moulding sand with bentonite. Particular attention was paid to the content of heavy metals and emission of gases from the BTEX group, which is one of the determinants of the moulding sands harmfulness for the environment. The analysis of heavy metals in the test samples indicate that there is an increase of the content of all metals in the dust compared to the initial mixture of bentonite. The most significant (almost double) increase observed for zinc is probably related to the adsorption of this element on the dust surface by contact with the liquid metal. The study showed, that dust contained more than 20% of the amount of montmorillonite and had a loss on ignition at a similar level. The addition of 1% of dust to the used moulding sand results in almost 30% increase in the total volume of gases generated in casting processes and nearly 30% increase of the benzene emission.
Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Super Duplex Stainless Steel AISI 2507: a Statistical Approach
Authors: Davanageri M. , Narendranath S. , Kadoli R.
Published: December 2016

The dry sliding wear behavior of heat-treated super duplex stainless steel AISI 2507 was examined by taking pin-on-disc type of wear-test rig. Independent parameters, namely applied load, sliding distance, and sliding speed, influence mainly the wear rate of super duplex stainless steel. The said material was heat treated to a temperature of 850°C for 1 hour followed by water quenching. The heat treatment was carried out to precipitate the secondary sigma phase formation. Experiments were conducted to study the influence of independent parameters set at three factor levels using the L27 orthogonal array of the Taguchi experimental design on the wear rate. Statistical significance of both individual and combined factor effects was determined for specific wear rate. Surface plots were drawn to explain the behavior of independent variables on the measured wear rate. Statistically, the models were validated using the analysis of variance test. Multiple non-linear regression equations were derived for wear rate expressed as non-linear functions of independent variables. Further, the prediction accuracy of the developed regression equation was tested with the actual experiments. The independent parameters responsible for the desired minimum wear rate were determined by using the desirability function approach. The worn-out surface characteristics obtained for the minimum wear rate was examined using the scanning electron microscope. The desired smooth surface was obtained for the determined optimal condition by desirability function approach.
Dynamic phase measurements based on a polarization Michelson interferometer employing a pixelated polarization camera
Authors: Serrano-Garcia David I. , Otani Yukitoshi
Published: December 2016

We implemented an interferometric configuration capable of following a phase variation in time. By using a pixelated polarization camera, the system is able to retrieve the phase information instantaneously avoiding the usage of moving components and the necessity of an extra replication method attached at the output of the interferometer. Taking into account the temporal stability obtained from the system, a spatial-temporal phase demodulation algorithm can be implemented on frequency domain for the dynamic phase measurement. Spatial resolution is analyzed experimentally using a USAF pattern, and dynamic phase measurements were done on air and water medium variations due to a jet flame and a living fish as a biological sample, respectively.
Trichuris suis secrete products that reduce disease severity in a multiple sclerosis model
Authors: Hansen Christine Søholm , Hasseldam Henrik , Bacher Idahella Hyldgaard , Thamsborg Stig Milan , Johansen Flemming Fryd , Kringel Helene
Published: December 2016

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disease, which affects about 1 in 1000 individuals in the western world. It has been suggested that this relatively high prevalence is linked to a high level of hygiene,
Characterization of immunoreactive proteins of Setaria cervi isolated by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
Authors: Priyadarshi Priyanka , Dravid Piyush , Sheikh Inayat Hussain , Saxena Sunita , Tandon Ashish , Kaushal Deep C. , Ali Shakir , Kaushal Nuzhat A.
Published: December 2016

Filarial parasites are complex mixtures of antigenic proteins and characterization of these antigenic molecules is essential to identify the diagnostically important filaria-specific antigens. In the present study, we have fractionated the somatic extracts from adults of
Phylogenetic analysis of genetically distinct Enterocytozoon bieneusi infecting renal transplant recipients
Authors: Khanduja Sonali , Ghoshal Ujjala , Ghoshal Uday C.
Published: December 2016

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The genetic structure of hypoderatid mites (Actinotrichida: Astigmata) parasitizing great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) during host post-breeding dispersal in Milicz, SW Poland
Authors: Szudarek Natalia , Kanarek Gerard , Dabert Jacek
Published: December 2016

The astigmatid family Hypoderatidae includes over 80 mite species exhibiting peculiar life cycle. Deutonymphs are parasitic instars inhabiting subcutaneous or visceral tissues of birds and rodents, while all other instars are nidicolous forms. In this study we investigated genetic diversity of deutonymphs of two hypoderatid species,
Prevalence of three Oesophagostomum spp. from Tibetan Pigs analyzed by Genetic Markers of nad1, cox3 and ITS1
Authors: Li Kun , Lan Yanfang , Luo Houqiang , Shahzad Muhammad , Zhang Hui , Wang Lei , Zhang Lihong , Liu Dongyu , Liu Xinyu , Hao Yanan , Sizhu Suolang , Li Jiakui
Published: December 2016

Parasitic nematodes of
Kinetic studies on the cure reaction of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene based polyurethane with variable catalysts by differential scanning calorimetry
Authors: Hui Ma , Yu-Cun Liu , Tao Chai , Tuo-Ping Hu , Jia-Hu Guo , Yan-Wu Yu , Jun-Ming Yuan , Jian-Hua Wang , Ning Qin , Liang Zhang
Published: December 2016

This paper employs differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to investigate the reactions of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) binder and isophorone isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) with two different cure catalysts, namely, dibutyl tin dilaurate (DBTDL) and stannous octanoate (TECH). This study evaluates the effects of two cure catalysts (i.e. DBTDL and TECH) on rate constants of the polyurethane cure reactions. Throughput the study, the kinetic parameters and the curing reaction rate equations are obtained. The present work concludes that both catalysts had a catalytic effect on the HTPB-IPDI system, but that the catalytic effect of DBTDL was higher than that of TECH. The binder system with the TECH catalyst displayed a longer pot-life and lower toxicity compared with the DBTDL. Additionally, this study investigates the binder system’s viscosity build-up at 35°C and the viscosity build-up results were in agreement with the DSC analysis results.
Integration of 2D materials on a silicon photonics platform for optoelectronics applications
Authors: Youngblood Nathan , Li Mo
Published: December 2016

Owing to enormous growth in both data storage and the demand for high-performance computing, there has been a major effort to integrate telecom networks on-chip. Silicon photonics is an ideal candidate, thanks to the maturity and economics of current CMOS processes in addition to the desirable optical properties of silicon in the near IR. The basics of optical communication require the ability to generate, modulate, and detect light, which is not currently possible with silicon alone. Growing germanium or III/V materials on silicon is technically challenging due to the mismatch between lattice constants and thermal properties. One proposed solution is to use two-dimensional materials, which have covalent bonds in-plane, but are held together by van der Waals forces out of plane. These materials have many unique electrical and optical properties and can be transferred to an arbitrary substrate without lattice matching requirements. This article reviews recent progress toward the integration of 2D materials on a silicon photonics platform for optoelectronic applications.
Investigation of localized and delocalized excitons in ZnO/ZnS core-shell heterostructured nanowires
Authors: Li Ruxue , Wei Zhipeng , Zhao Fenghuan , Gao Xian , Fang Xuan , Li Yongfeng , Wang Xinwei , Tang Jilong , Fang Dan , Wang Haizhu , Chen Rui , Wang Xiaohua
Published: December 2016

The localized states in ZnO nanowires (NWs) through the growth of ZnS shell have been introduced in this paper. Morphology and optical properties of the ZnO/ZnS core-shell heterostructured NWs after different rapid thermal annealing (RTA) treatments are investigated. Transmission electron microscopy measurements show the gradual disappearing of the jagged boundary between ZnO and ZnS with the increase of RTA temperature, while a decrease of interfacial composition fluctuation and a formation of ZnOS phase can be found after a RTA treatment of 300°C. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence exhibits the features of “S-shape” peak positions and a “valley shape” for the emission width, implying the existence of localized excitons in the core-shell NWs. Moreover, it is noted that the RTA treatments can lower the localized degree which is confirmed by optical measurement. The results indicate that the optical behavior of excitons in ZnO/ZnS core-shell heterostructured NWs can be manipulated by appropriate thermal treatments, which is very important for their practical device applications.
Public Policies and Work Integration Social Enterprises: The Challenge of Institutionalization in a Neoliberal Era
Authors: Cooney Kate , Nyssens Marthe , O’Shaughnessy Mary , Defourny Jacques
Published: December 2016

One particular field of Social Enterprise – WISEs or Work Integration Social Enterprises – has become increasingly recognised as being emblematic of the dynamics of social enterprises and now constitutes a major sphere of their activity globally. From their early roots, focusing on providing productive activity for the blind and those with other physical and/or intellectual disabilities, WISEs are pioneers in promoting the integration of excluded persons through a productive activity. In recent decades, WISEs have incrementally evolved as a tool for implementing national and regional labour market policies. The papers in this special edition explore how populations of WISEs in different country contexts have emerged, and in some instances, shifted in their identities over time in relation to changing national or regional public policies. This special issue is part of the ICSEM project, a worldwide research project aiming to identify, analyze and compare social enterprise models across countries, regions and fields. The special issue features five country specific analyses from the first stage of the ICSEM project where researchers focusing on WISEs examined the policy environment surrounding WISEs and the heterogeneity of the organizational WISE models that have emerged in different contexts: Ireland, the United States, Japan, Austria and Switzerland.
Names and symbols of the elements with atomic numbers 113, 115, 117 and 118 (IUPAC Recommendations 2016)
Authors: Öhrström Lars , Reedijk Jan
Published: December 2016

A joint IUPAC/IUPAP Working Party (JWP) has confirmed the discovery of the elements with atomic numbers (Z) 113, 115, 117 and 118. In accordance with the 2016 IUPAC guideline for naming new elements, the discoverers were invited to propose names and symbols for the elements. Claims have been assigned to them and the following are proposed: (a) nihonium and symbol Nh, for the element with Z=113, (b) moscovium with the symbol Mc, for the element with Z=115, (c) tennessine with the symbol Ts, for the element with Z=117, and oganesson with the symbol Og, for the element with Z=118. After careful deliberation on these names and symbols, considering the 2016 rules and a public review period, the Inorganic Chemistry Division recommended these proposals for acceptance by the IUPAC Council.
Recent advances in the synthesis of fungal antigenic oligosaccharides
Authors: Krylov Vadim B. , Paulovičová Lucia , Paulovičová Ema , Tsvetkov Yury E. , Nifantiev Nikolay E.
Published: December 2016

The driving force for the constant improvement and development of new synthetic methodologies in carbohydrate chemistry is a growing demand for biologically important oligosaccharide ligands and neoglycoconjugates thereof for numerous biochemical investigations such as cell-to-pathogen interactions, immune response, cell adhesion, etc. Here we report our syntheses of the spacer-armed antigenic oligosaccharides related to three groups of the polysaccharides of the fungal cell-wall including α- and β-mannan, α- and β-glucan and galactomannan chains, which include new rationally designed synthetic blocks, efficient solutions for the stereoselective construction of glycoside bonds, and novel strategy for preparation of furanoside-containing oligosaccharides based on recently discovered pyranoside-into-furanoside (PIF) rearrangement.
Redox-sensitive GFP to monitor oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Esposito Sonia , Masala Alessandra , Sanna Simona , Rassu Mauro , Pimxayvong Viengsavanh , Iaccarino Ciro , Crosio Claudia
Published: December 2016

Redox processes are key events in the degenerative cascade of many adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), but the biological relevance of a single redox change is often dependent on the redox couple involved and on its subcellular origin. The biosensors based on engineered fluorescent proteins (redox-sensitive GFP [roGFP]) offer a unique opportunity to monitor redox changes in both physiological and pathological contexts in living animals and plants. Here, we review the use of roGFPs to monitor oxidative stress in different three adult-onset NDs: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite the many differences spanning from incidence to onset, the hypotheses on biological processes underlying both sporadic and familiar ND forms in humans outline a model in which noncompeting mechanisms are likely to converge in various unsuccessful patterns to mediate the selective degeneration of a specific neuronal population. roGFPs, targeted to different cell compartments, are successfully used as specific markers of cell toxicity, induced by expression of causative genes linked to a determined ND. We also report the use of roGFP to monitor oxidative stress induced by the expression of the ALS-causative gene SOD1.
New dimensions of connectomics and network plasticity in the central nervous system
Authors: Guidolin Diego , Marcoli Manuela , Maura Guido , Agnati Luigi F.
Published: December 2016

Cellular network architecture plays a crucial role as the structural substrate for the brain functions. Therefore, it represents the main rationale for the emerging field of connectomics, defined as the comprehensive study of all aspects of central nervous system connectivity. Accordingly, in the present paper the main emphasis will be on the communication processes in the brain, namely wiring transmission (WT), i.e. the mapping of the communication channels made by cell components such as axons and synapses, and volume transmission (VT), i.e. the chemical signal diffusion along the interstitial brain fluid pathways. Considering both processes can further expand the connectomics concept, since both WT-connectomics and VT-connectomics contribute to the structure of the brain connectome. A consensus exists that such a structure follows a hierarchical or nested architecture, and macro-, meso- and microscales have been defined. In this respect, however, several lines of evidence indicate that a nanoscale (nano-connectomics) should also be considered to capture direct protein-protein allosteric interactions such as those occurring, for example, in receptor-receptor interactions at the plasma membrane level. In addition, emerging evidence points to novel mechanisms likely playing a significant role in the modulation of intercellular connectivity, increasing the plasticity of the system and adding complexity to its structure. In particular, the roamer type of VT (i.e. the intercellular transfer of RNA, proteins and receptors by extracellular vesicles) will be discussed since it allowed us to introduce a new concept of ‘transient changes of cell phenotype’, that is the transient acquisition of new signal release capabilities and/or new recognition/decoding apparatuses.
The Economic Impacts of Broadband Internet: A Survey
Authors: Bertschek Irene , Briglauer Wolfgang , Hüschelrath Kai , Kauf Benedikt , Niebel Thomas
Published: December 2016

We provide a structured overview of the quantitative research on the economic impacts of broadband internet. Differentiating between wireline and wireless technologies as well as broadband availability and broadband adoption, respectively, we review studies investigating the impacts on economic growth, employment and regional development as well as productivity and firm performance. Eventually, the survey does not only allow the identification of main research gaps but also provides useful information for policy makers on the significance and importance of communication networks for social welfare.
Statistical models and computational algorithms for discovering relationships in microbiome data
Authors: Shaikh Mateen R. , Beyene Joseph
Published: December 2016

Microbiomes, populations of microscopic organisms, have been found to be related to human health and it is expected further investigations will lead to novel perspectives of disease. The data used to analyze microbiomes is one of the newest types (the result of high-throughput technology) and the means to analyze these data is still rapidly evolving. One of the distributions that have been introduced into the microbiome literature, the Dirichlet-Multinomial, has received considerable attention. We extend this distribution’s use uncover compositional relationships between organisms at a taxonomic level. We apply our new method in two real microbiome data sets: one from human nasal passages and another from human stool samples.
Implications of Stisa2 catalytic residue restoration through site directed mutagenesis
Authors: Hussain Hasnain , Chong Nikson Fatt Ming
Published: December 2016

Objective

Restoration of catalytic activity of Isa2 from Solanum tuberosum (Stisa2) through restoration of conserved catalytic residues by site directed mutagenesis.

Methods

The six conserved amino acid residues absent in the Stisa2 gene were restored by mutation using the overlap extension PCR and the asymmetrical overlap extension PCR methods. Next, mutant Stisa2 with restored catalytic residues was expressed in E. coli Rosetta 2 under optimized conditions. Evaluation of debranching activity on starch, amylopectin and β-limit dextrin was carried out by measuring the amount of glucose equivalents released using the bicinchoninic acid assay.

Results

Both qualitative and quantitative analysis showed that the restoration of the conserved residues in the catalytic site did not restore starch debranching activity. Molecular modeling showed greater than expected distances between the catalytic triad in mutant Stisa2. These additional distances are likely to prevent hydrogen bonding which stabilizes the reaction intermediate, and are critical for catalytic activity.

Conclusions

These results suggest that during evolution, mutations in other highly conserved regions have caused significant changes to the structure and function of the catalytic network. Catalytically inactive Isa2, which is conserved in starch-producing plants, has evolved important non-catalytic roles such as in substrate binding and in regulating isoamylase activity.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of some new pyrimidine bearing 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as cytotoxic agents
Authors: Kaya Betül , Kaplancıklı Zafer Asım , Yurttaş Leyla , Çiftçi Gülşen Akalın
Published: December 2016

Objective

As a result of adverse effects including drug-resistance, toxicity and low bioavailability, there has been a crucial need for novel anticancer agents. In this present study, some novel 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives bearing pyridine moiety were synthesized and their potential cytotoxic activities were examined.

Materials and methods

A series of seven new compounds of 2-[(5-(3-(pyrimidin-2-yl)thio)propyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thio)]-1-(4-substituted)ethan-1-one derivatives were synthesized by reacting 5-[(3-(pyrimidin-2-yl)thio)propyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol and 4-substituted phenacyl bromide derivatives in acetone with potassium carbonate. The structures of the obtained compounds were elucidated using FT-IR, 1H-NMR and MS spectral data and elemental analyses. In vitro cytotoxic activity of the compounds was evaluated by MTT assay.

Results

Among the tested compounds, compound 4a was found to be the most active cytotoxic agent against A549 cells, in compared with cisplatin as standard drug.

Conclusions

It was determined that some of synthesized compounds had considerable anticancer activity against the A549 cell lines. Compound 4a including phenyl moiety was the most active compound against the A549 cell line and was identified as a lead moiety. Besides, compound 4c including 4-metoxy phenyl moiety exhibited cytotoxic activity against A549 cells. Consequently, compounds possess phenyl and 4-methoxy phenyl moieties have been determined to be important for cytotoxic activity of these compounds.
Numerical Study of Combinations of Strut and Cavity in a Round Supersonic Combustor
Authors: Song Wenyan , Zhang Dongqing , Shi Deyong
Published: December 2016

Different strut-cavity configurations and fuel injection patterns employed in a round supersonic combustor are numerically investigated. A new parameter defined as an ideal nozzle outlet velocity is used to evaluate performances of different strut-cavity configurations and fuel injection patterns. This parameter is a reflection of the contribution of the combustor performance to the engine thrust. The peak of the velocity curve stands for the best performance of the combustor. Then the flowfields are discussed in detail. The flow structures indicate that the injection from the wall behind a strut achieves a great penetration because of the strong upward transport that results from the streamwise vortices behind the strut. Results show that the combustor performance and the flowfields are greatly influenced by the fuel injection patterns. The fuel injections from the strut sides and from the center ring achieve the better performances than that from the wall behind the struts.
Experimental Investigation of the Effect of the Probe Support Tail Structure on the Compressor Cascade Flow Field
Authors: Xiang Honghui , Ge Ning , Gao Jie , Yang Rongfei , Hou Minjie
Published: December 2016

Aiming at resolving the problem of measuring probe blockage effect in the performance experiments of high loaded axial flow compressors, an experimental investigation of the probe support disturbance effect on the compressor cascade flow field was conducted on a transonic plane cascade test facility. The influence characteristics of the probe support tail structure on the cascade downstream flow field under different operation conditions were revealed through the detailed analysis of the test data. The results show that the aerodynamic coupling effect between the upstream probe support wake and the downstream cascade flow field is very intense. Some factors, i. e. inlet Mach number, probe support tail structure, circumferential installing position of probe, and axial distance from the probe support trailing edge to the downstream cascade, are found to have the most impact on the probe disturbance intensity. Under high speed inlet flow condition, changing probe support tail structure can’t inhibit probe support disturbance intensity effectively. Whereas under low speed inlet flow condition, compared with the cylindrical probe, the elliptic probe can inhibit probe support wake loss and reduce disturbance effects on the downstream cascade flow field.
Thermotronics: Towards Nanocircuits to Manage Radiative Heat Flux
Authors: Ben-Abdallah Philippe , Biehs Svend-Age
Published: December 2016

The control of electric currents in solids is at the origin of the modern electronics revolution that has driven our daily life since the second half of 20th century. Surprisingly, to date, there is no thermal analogue for a control of heat flux. Here, we summarise the very last developments carried out in this direction to control heat exchanges by radiation both in near and far-field in complex architecture networks.
New oxaphenalene derivative from marine-derived Streptomyces griseorubens sp. ASMR4
Authors: Hamed Abdelaaty , Abdel-Razek Ahmed S. , Frese Marcel , Wibberg Daniel , El-Haddad Atef F. , Ibrahim Tarek M. A. , Kalinowski Jörn , Sewald Norbert , Shaaban Mohamed
Published: December 2016

During our search for novel bioactive compounds from extremophilic actinomycetes, the new Streptomyces griseorubens sp. ASMR4 was isolated from a soft coral collected in the Red Sea at the Hurghada coast, Egypt, and characterized taxonomically. It was fermented on large scale using a modified solid rice medium as the first example for actinomycetes so far. Work-up and purification of the strain extract using different chromatographic techniques afforded the new oxaphenalene derivative, 8-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxypropyl)-7-acetyl-1-oxaphenalene (1a), together with seven known metabolites: ferulic acid (2), glycerol linoleate, linoleic acid methyl ester, (3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-3-methylpentan-2-one/(3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-3-methylpentan-2-one, anthranilic acid, phenylacetic acid, and benzoic acid. The chemical structure of the new compound (1a) was confirmed by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution electron impact mass measurements, and by comparison with literature data. The antimicrobial activity of the strain extract and compounds 1a and 2 were studied using a panel of pathogenic microorganisms. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the bacterial extract was studied against the human cervix carcinoma cell line (KB-3-1) and its multi-drug-resistant subclone (KB-V1).