bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Оптимальные решения по снижению опасных выбросов при эксплуатации автомобильного транспорта
Authors: Azarov V.
Published: January 2025

Постановка задачи и актуальностьСовершенствование конструкции и эксплуатационных показателей двигателей внутреннего сгорания (ДВС) автотранспортных средств (АТС) постоянно продолжаются. Современные ДВС автомобилей соответствуют Международным нормам ООН. Однако важной задачей являются: повышение срока службы ДВС с увеличением периодичности технического обслуживания, а также и существенное снижение всей совокупности выбросов твёрдых частиц (ТЧ), поступающих в атмосферу от эксплуатации автотранспорта, которые содержат в своём составе особо опасные для здоровья населения невидимые канцерогенные соединения.
Цель исследований - оценить выбросы твёрдых частиц с канцерогенными соединениями от различных агрегатов и систем автомобилей при их длительной эксплуатации в городских условиях.
Методология исследований
Проанализированы выбросы канцерогенных ТЧ на примере бенз(а)перена (БаП) с отработавшими газами в зависимости от нагрузки двигателя и продолжительности эксплуатации автомобиля, с оценкой увеличивающихся выбросов картерных газов и определением их предельной величины, предопределяющих долговечность ДВС.
Результаты и научная новизнаОпределён и оценён уровень суммарных выбросов твёрдых канцерогенных частиц от различных агрегатов автомобилей: двигателя, от износа тормозных колодок, шин, а также неконтролируемого износа асфальта-гравийного дорожного полотна.
Практическая значимость.Полученные результаты выбросов твёрдых канцерогенных частиц различного происхождения при длительной эксплуатации автотранспортных средств свидетельствуют о низкой экологической эффективности рекомендаций Парижского Соглашения 2015 г. по замене современных двигателей внутреннего сгорания на силовые установки с электроприводом и замене традиционных видов топлив на водород, поскольку при этом неизменными остаются основные опасные источники загрязнения атмосферы городов - продукты износа асфальта-гравийного дорожного полотна и шин, ответственные сегодня за 80% суммарных выбросов твёрдых частиц (ТЧ) при эксплуатации автомобильного парка.
The Role of 5-Hydroxytryptamine in Autism spectrum Disorder: Behavioral and Genetic Insights
Authors: Ghamdi Nojoud A. AL , Azhari Sheren A. , Farsi Reem M.
Published: January 2025

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by challenges in social communication and repetitive behaviors. Although the exact cause of ASD is still unclear, various genetic and biochemical factors are known to play significant roles.
Aim: This review focuses on the pivotal role of serotonin in ASD, emphasizing its connection to key behavioral symptoms and genetic influences.
Methods: The search result from different online platform have been collected.
Results: A notable biochemical characteristic of ASD is the dysregulation of serotonin, particularly hyperserotonemia, which correlates with variations in the SLC6A4 gene.
Conclusion: The review highlights the necessity for further exploration of neurotransmitter pathways to better understand the pathophysiology of ASD and to support the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Among Informal Caregivers of People With Chronic Health Conditions
Authors: Ye Fen , Lee Jung Jae , Xue Dandan , Yu Doris Sau-fung
Published: December 2023

Importance

Although there is substantial evidence to suggest the health benefits of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) among informal caregivers of people with chronic health conditions, the great variation in intervention designs among published studies limits its application.

Objectives

To identify intervention characteristics of ACT that are associated with improved psychological health and to assess the acceptability of ACT among informal caregivers.

Data Sources

Seven English- and 3 Chinese-language databases without limits on publication dates, the reference lists of previous reviews, and gray literature were searched up to February 2023.

Study Selection

Randomized clinical trials comparing the effect of ACT vs control groups on improving psychological health among informal caregivers.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Two reviewers independently screened searched records and extracted data from eligible studies. Random-effects meta-analysis and mixed-effects metaregression were performed. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline was followed.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Psychological health outcomes (eg, depressive symptoms) measured by valid measurements and the acceptability of ACT based on identified parameters.

Results

A total of 29 studies with 2010 participants, published between 2015 and 2023, were identified. ACT showed moderate to large effect sizes for improving psychological health at postintervention assessments (Hedges g range, −0.55 [95% CI, −0.98 to −0.12] to −1.14 [95% CI, −1.83 to −0.45]) and at 1-to-3–month and 4-to-6–month follow-ups (Hedges g range, −0.47 [95% CI, −0.69 to −0.25] to −1.29 [95% CI, −2.33 to −0.24]). Multivariable metaregression analysis regarding intervention characteristics found that ACT delivered in a mixed individual- and group-based format, face-to-face, or through more intervention sessions was associated with greater improvements for experiential avoidance (face-to-face: β = −1.170 [95% CI, −2.020 to −0.319]; number of sessions: β = −0.242 [95% CI, −0.353 to −0.130]), depressive symptoms (mixed delivery format: β = −2.583 [95% CI, −4.845 to −0.321]; face-to-face: β = −1.555 [95% CI, −3.002 to −0.108]), or anxiety symptoms (face-to-face: β = −1.241 [95% CI, −2.337 to −0.146]). In general, ACT had low attrition rates (11%), and participants’ adherence (51%-80%) and satisfactory ratings (72%-95%) lend support to its acceptability.

Conclusions and Relevance

This systematic review and meta-analysis found that ACT was consistently associated with improvements in psychological health, supporting its application to improve informal care for chronic disease management. This review provides specific details on the design parameters of ACT for achieving greater efficacy.
Mitochondrial ATP concentration decreases immediately after glucose administration to glucose‐deprived hepatocytes
Authors: Tsuno Saki , Harada Kazuki , Horikoshi Mina , Mita Marie , Kitaguchi Tetsuya , Hirai Masami Yokota , Matsumoto Mitsuharu , Tsuboi Takashi
Published: December 2023

Hepatocytes can switch their metabolic processes in response to nutrient availability. However, the dynamics of metabolites (such as lactate, pyruvate, and ATP) in hepatocytes during the metabolic switch remain unknown. In this study, we visualized metabolite dynamics in primary cultured hepatocytes during recovery from glucose‐deprivation. We observed a decrease in the mitochondrial ATP concentration when glucose was administered to hepatocytes under glucose‐deprivation conditions. In contrast, there was slight change in the cytoplasmic ATP concentration. A decrease in mitochondrial ATP concentration was associated with increased protein synthesis rather than glycogen synthesis, activation of urea cycle, and production of reactive oxygen species. These results suggest that mitochondrial ATP is important in switching metabolic processes in the hepatocytes.
The effects of two dietary synbiotics on growth performance, hematological parameters, and nonspecific immune responses in Japanese Eel
Authors: Olowe Olumide Samuel , Hamidoghli Ali , Choi Wonsuk , Bae Jinho , Lee Yein , Folorunso Ewumi Azeez , Lee Seunghyung , Bai Sungchul C.
Published: December 2023

Objective

Feed additives have attracted increased attention in aquaculture due to their ability to modulate fish gut microbiota, resulting in improved fish growth and immunity. This study assessed the effects of two synbiotics in Japanese Eel Anguilla japonica: Bacillus subtilis with mannooligosaccharides (MOS) and Enterococcus faecium with fructooligosaccharides (FOS).

Methods

Six diets, including a control (CON) diet, oxytetracycline (OTC) diet, and four synbiotic diets (B. subtilis at 1 × 106 or 1 × 107 colony-forming units [CFU]/g with MOS at 5 g/kg [BS6MO and BS7MO; collectively, BSMOS diets] and E. faecium at 1 × 106 or 1 × 107 CFU/g with FOS at 5 g/kg [EF6FO and EF7FO; collectively, EFFOS diets]), were fed to triplicate groups of 20 fish (average weight ± SD = 6.00 ± 0.07 g) for 8 weeks.

Result

Fish fed the BSMOS diets showed significantly higher weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), and feed efficiency compared to fish fed the CON and OTC diets, but the values were not significantly different from those of fish fed the EFFOS diets. Weight gain and SGR of fish that were given EFFOS diets were not significantly different from those of fish fed all other diets. Fish fed the OTC diet showed a higher mean aspartate aminotransferase level, although the difference was not statistically significant. The myeloperoxidase activity of fish fed the BS7MO diet was significantly higher than those of fish receiving all other diets, and the superoxide dismutase activity of fish fed the BS7MO diet was also significantly higher than that of fish fed the EF7FO diet. Overall, the BSMOS synbiotic diets were significantly more effective than the CON diet in enhancing fish survival against a Vibrio anguillarum challenge.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that synbiotics can be a preferable alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture.
Systematic Methodology for an Optimized Design of Shape Memory Alloy‐Driven Continuum Robots
Authors: Goergen Yannik , Rizzello Gianluca , Motzki Paul
Published: December 2023

Continuum robots stand out due to their high dexterity, which allows them to effectively navigate in confined spaces and dynamic environments. At present, motor‐controlled tendons represent the most prominent actuation method used in continuum robots which require large drive units, increasing the overall system size and weight. A potential alternative technology to overcome those limitations is represented by shape memory alloy (SMA) wire actuators, which are characterized by extremely high energy density and flexibility, leading to a reduction of the size, weight, and design complexity of continuum robots. The complex thermomechanical behavior of SMA wires, however, makes the design of SMA‐based applications a challenging task, and systematic approaches to design SMA‐driven continuum robots are poorly understood. To overcome this issue, this article presents a novel systematic methodology for designing SMA‐driven continuum robots capable of motion in a three‐dimensional environment. First, the kinematic relationship between SMA wires and continuum robot deformation as well as the required actuator force in quasi‐static conditions, is mathematically described based on the assumption of a constant curvature deformation. Subsequently, the model is validated by in‐plane experiments for different design parameters. Based on the results, a fully integrated, antagonistic SMA continuum robot is built and validated.
Linearly Manipulating Color Emission via Anion Exchange Technology for High Performance Amplified Spontaneous Emission of Perovskites
Authors: Liu Nian , Luo Haoyue , Wei Xiaoyan , Zeng Xin , Yang Jie , Huang Yexiong , Yu Peng , Wang Yanping , Zhang Dingke , Pi Mingyu , Liu Xinfeng
Published: December 2023

The most attractive advantages of all‐inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites are their optical gain over broad spectral ranges through the visible spectrum, so are well suited to use in tunable lasers or broadband amplifiers. Most reported anion exchange reactions face a challenge to achieve the desired halogen‐variable perovskites due to rapid and uncontrollable reactions and difficulty to synthesize directly. In this study, a simple vapor/solid anion exchange strategy is demonstrated for controlling the reaction process and realizing a wide range tuning of band gap and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) wavelength, which exhibits a temperature‐dependent anion exchange rate. By optimizing the reaction temperature at 90 °C, the ASE wavelength can be linearly manipulated by just controlling the reaction time. A clear quantitative relationship between ASE peak position and reaction time is achieved. Compares with the CsPbClBr2 film obtained via the liquid phase anion exchange method, the fabricated perovskite films obtained by vapor/solid anion exchange technology exhibit superior film quality and enhanced ASE performance. This work may have applications in the future using facile and controllable techniques to develop high‐quality full‐color visible lasers.
Nature of the Active Ni State for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Schubert Jasmin S. , Doloszeski Eva , Ayala Pablo , Myakala Stephen Nagaraju , Rath Jakob , Fickl Bernhard , Giesriegl Ariane , Apaydin Dogukan H. , Bayer Bernhard C. , Kashiwaya Shun , Cherevan Alexey , Eder Dominik
Published: December 2023

Thermal treatments can have detrimental effects on the photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution performance and impact the formation mechanism of the active state of surface‐supported co‐catalysts. In this work, a range of Ni‐based co‐catalysts is investigated immobilized on TiO2, evaluated their H2 evolution rates in situ over 21 h, and analyzed the samples at various stages with a comprehensive set of spectroscopic and microscopy techniques. It is found that achieving the optimal hydrogen evolution (HER) performance requires the right Ni0:Ni2+ ratio, rather than only Ni0, and that Ni needs to be weakly adsorbed on the TiO2 surface to create a dynamic state. Under these conditions, Ni can undergo an efficient redox shuttle, involving the transformation of Ni2+ to Ni0 and back after releasing the accumulated electrons for H+ reduction (i.e., Ni2+ ↔ Ni0). Yet, when the calcination temperature of the Ni/TiO2 photocatalysts increases, resulting in stronger coordination/adsorption of Ni on TiO2, this process is gradually inhibited, which ultimately leads to decreased HER performances. This work emphasizes the significance and influence of thermal treatments on the Ni active state formation – a process that can be relevant to other HER co‐catalysts.
Recent Advances in Functional Fabric‐Based Wearable Supercapacitors
Authors: Khadem Ashfaqul Hoque
Published: December 2023

With the advent of wearable electronics, the urge to devise new and flexible energy storage devices to power up wearable systems has steadily risen over the past few decades. Wearable fabric‐based supercapacitors have emerged as a fantastic solution for powering up these systems. Functionalizing fabric surfaces with electroactive materials has proven to be the ideal way to fabricate high‐performance wearable supercapacitors. In this review, the recent progress in functional fabric‐based wearable supercapacitors is summarized. The article begins with the introduction of different fabric structures and outlining the functional materials implemented in wearable supercapacitors. The emphasis shifts toward summarizing the fabrication of functional fabric‐based electrodes according to different fabric architectures. Then, different novel fabric‐based supercapacitor configurations, the current state of integration, and the durability of such devices are analyzed. The review is concluded by emphasizing the existing drawbacks, envisaging potential applications, and, most importantly, the future perspective of the technology.
Superconductivity in the High‐Entropy Ceramics Ti0.2Zr0.2Nb0.2Mo0.2Ta0.2Cx with Possible Nontrivial Band Topology
Authors: Zeng Lingyong , Hu Xunwu , Zhou Yazhou , Boubeche Mebrouka , Guo Ruixin , Liu Yang , Luo Si‐Chun , Guo Shu , Li Kuan , Yu Peifeng , Zhang Chao , Guo Wei‐Ming , Sun Liling , Yao Dao‐Xin , Luo Huixia
Published: December 2023

Topological superconductors have drawn significant interest from the scientific community due to the accompanying Majorana fermions. Here, the discovery of electronic structure and superconductivity (SC) in high‐entropy ceramics Ti0.2Zr0.2Nb0.2Mo0.2Ta0.2Cx (x = 1 and 0.8) combined with experiments and first‐principles calculations is reported. The Ti0.2Zr0.2Nb0.2Mo0.2Ta0.2Cx high‐entropy ceramics show bulk type‐II SC with Tc ≈ 4.00 K (x = 1) and 2.65 K (x = 0.8), respectively. The specific heat jump (∆C/γTc) is equal to 1.45 (x = 1) and 1.52 (x = 0.8), close to the expected value of 1.43 for the BCS superconductor in the weak coupling limit. The high‐pressure resistance measurements show a robust SC against high physical pressure in Ti0.2Zr0.2Nb0.2Mo0.2Ta0.2C, with a slight Tc variation of 0.3 K within 82.5 GPa. Furthermore, the first‐principles calculations indicate that the Dirac‐like point exists in the electronic band structures of Ti0.2Zr0.2Nb0.2Mo0.2Ta0.2C, which is potentially a topological superconductor. The Dirac‐like point is mainly contributed by the d orbitals of transition metals M and the p orbitals of C. The high‐entropy ceramics provide an excellent platform for the fabrication of novel quantum devices, and the study may spark significant future physics investigations in this intriguing material.
A System‐Level Feasibility Study of a Lead‐Free Ultrasonically Powered Light Delivery Implant for Optogenetics
Authors: Baghaee Ivriq Saeed , Laursen Kjeld , Jørgensen Aske Møller , Mondal Tanmay , Zamani Milad , Rezaeiyan Yasser , Corbett Brian , Iversen Bo Brummerstedt , Moradi Farshad
Published: December 2023

Body implants play a crucial role in clinical applications, encompassing data acquisition, diagnosis, and disease treatment. However, challenges in size, power consumption, and biocompatibility, particularly in brain applications requiring small, battery‐free devices for deep areas, hinder their development. Despite potential advances through simplified, single‐purpose devices, such as recording or stimulation, overcoming the power and biocompatibility issues remains a hurdle. Addressing this, the article introduces an ultrasonically powered light delivery implant (LDI) utilizing lead‐free piezoelectric material (Li0.08K0.46Na0.46) NbO3to harvest energy from external ultrasonic waves. The prototype includes a piezoelectric cube, a chip fabricated in 180 nm CMOS technology, and a microscale light‐emitting diode (μ‐LED) for optogenetics. Achieving an end‐to‐end efficiency of 0.75%, the LDI holds promise for various optogenetic studies, particularly in animal studies targeting specific brain areas for treating Parkinson's disease. The delivered optical power on theμ‐LED surface, at 14.1 mW mm−2, presents applicability to diverse studies involving specific opsins.
Micro/Nanomotors for Oral Delivery of Drugs: From Design to Application
Authors: Xie Chen , Luo Qiansha , Zhang Yuxuan , Qin Fang , Tu Yingfeng , Liu Kun
Published: December 2023

Oral administration, as a traditional approach of taking therapeutic drugs, is easily accepted by patients due to its convenience and compliance. However, the harsh digestive environment and mucosa‐epithelial cell barriers limit the absorption of drugs through the oral route, particularly for biomacromolecules such as protein, peptide, or nucleic acid drugs. To address this issue, active carriers such as micro/nanomotors and mechanical devices have been engineered as novel delivery systems that are capable of converting various energy into mechanical force. The active delivery of these carriers holds promise for overcoming absorptive barriers and improving drug delivery efficiency, making them an attractive option for precision medicine applications that include drug delivery, gene and cell therapy, biopsy, tissue penetration, intracellular delivery, and biosensing. This article presents an overview of the progress and challenges associated with orally delivering macromolecular drugs, as well as strategies to enhance drug absorption. Additionally, it discusses recent developments and potential applications of active carriers in drug delivery and related fields, which may provide inspiration for future research.
Measurement of Accumulation of Antibiotics to Staphylococcus aureus in Phagosomes of Live Macrophages**
Authors: Kelly Joey J. , Dalesandro Brianna E. , Liu Zichen , Chordia Mahendra D. , Ongwae George M. , Pires Marcos M.
Published: December 2023

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has evolved the ability to persist after uptake into host immune cells. This intracellular niche enables S. aureus to potentially escape host immune responses and survive the lethal actions of antibiotics. While the elevated tolerance of S. aureus to small‐molecule antibiotics is likely to be multifactorial, we pose that there may be contributions related to permeation of antibiotics into phagocytic vacuoles, which would require translocation across two mammalian bilayers. To empirically test this, we adapted our recently developed permeability assay to determine the accumulation of FDA‐approved antibiotics into phagocytic vacuoles of live macrophages. Bioorthogonal reactive handles were metabolically anchored within the surface of S. aureus, and complementary tags were chemically added to antibiotics. Following phagocytosis of tagged S. aureus cells, we were able to specifically analyze the arrival of antibiotics within the phagosomes of infected macrophages. Our findings enabled the determination of permeability differences between extra‐ and intracellular S. aureus, thus providing a roadmap to dissect the contribution of antibiotic permeability to intracellular pathogens.
Advances and Prospects in Understanding London Dispersion Interactions in Molecular Chemistry
Authors: Rummel Lars , Schreiner Peter R.
Published: December 2023

London dispersion (LD) interactions are the main contribution of the attractive part of the van der Waals potential. Even though LD effects are the driving force for molecular aggregation and recognition, the role of these omnipresent interactions in structure and reactivity had been largely underappreciated over decades. However, in the recent years considerable efforts have been made to thoroughly study LD interactions and their potential as a chemical design element for structures and catalysis. This was made possible through a fruitful interplay of theory and experiment. This review highlights recent results and advances in utilizing LD interactions as a structural motif to understand and utilize intra‐ and intermolecularly LD‐stabilized systems. Additionally, we focus on the quantification of LD interactions and their fundamental role in chemical reactions.
Can Magnetic Dipole Transition Moment Be Engineered?
Authors: Uceda Rafael G. , Cruz Carlos M. , Míguez‐Lago Sandra , de Cienfuegos Luis Álvarez , Longhi Giovanna , Pelta David A. , Novoa Pavel , Mota Antonio J. , Cuerva Juan M. , Miguel Delia
Published: December 2023

The development of chiral compounds with enhanced chiroptical properties is an important challenge to improve device applications. To that end, an optimization of the electric and magnetic dipole transition moments of the molecule is necessary. Nevertheless, the relationship between chemical structure and such quantum mechanical properties is not always clear. That is the case of magnetic dipole transition moment (m) for which no general trends for its optimization have been suggested. In this work we propose a general rationalization for improving the magnitude of m in different families of chiral compounds. Performing a clustering analysis of hundreds of transitions, we have been able to identify a single group in which |m| value is maximized along the helix axis. More interestingly, we have found an accurate linear relationship (up to R2=0.994) between the maximum value of this parameter and the area of the inner cavity of the helix, thus resembling classical behavior of solenoids. This research provides a tool for the rationalized synthesis of compounds with improved chiroptical responses.
Ba12[BN2]6.67H4: A Disordered Anti‐Skutterudite filled with Nitridoborate Anions
Authors: Wandelt Sophia L. , Mutschke Alexander , Khalyavin Dmitry , Steinadler Jennifer , Karttunen Antti J. , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: December 2023

Skutterudites are of high interest in current research due to their diversity of structures comprising empty, partially filled and filled variants, mostly based on metallic compounds. We herein present Ba12[BN2]6.67H4, forming a non‐metallic filled anti‐skutterudite. It is accessed in a solid‐state ampoule reaction from barium subnitride, boron nitride and barium hydride at 750 °C. Single‐crystal X‐ray and neutron powder diffraction data allowed to elucidate the structure in the cubic space group Im
(no. 204). The barium and hydride atoms form a three‐dimensional network consisting of corner‐sharing HBa6 octahedra and Ba12 icosahedra. Slightly bent [BN2]3− units are located in the icosahedra and the voids in‐between. 1H and 11B magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR experiments and vibrational spectroscopy further support the structure model. Quantum chemical calculations coincide well with experimental results and provide information about the electronic structure of Ba12[BN2]6.67H4.
Understanding voice‐based information uncertainty: A case study of health information seeking with voice assistants
Authors: Brewer Robin
Published: December 2023

Evaluating information quality online is increasingly important for healthy decision‐making. People assess information quality using visual interfaces (e.g., computers, smartphones) with visual cues like aesthetics. Yet, voice interfaces lack critical visual cues for evaluating information because there is often no visual display. Without ways to assess voice‐based information quality, people may overly trust or misinterpret information which can be challenging in high‐risk or sensitive contexts. This paper investigates voice information uncertainty in one high‐risk context—health information seeking. We recruited 30 adults (ages 18–84) in the United States to participate in scenario‐based interviews about health topics. Our findings provide evidence of information uncertainty expectations with voice assistants, voice search preferences, and the audio cues they use to assess information quality. We contribute a nuanced discussion of how to inform more critical information ecosystems with voice technologies and propose ways to design audio cues to help people more quickly assess content quality.
Beschattungsrahmen für die Fenster‐Außenbeschattung im Denkmalbereich
Authors: Kain Günther , Idam Friedrich , Huber Alfons
Published: December 2023

Im Kontext der steigenden Durchschnittstemperaturen und Hitzeinselbildung in Ballungsräumen, kommt der effektiven Beschattung von Fensterflächen zunehmend größere Bedeutung zu. Während an Neubauten Beschattungslösungen im Planungsprozess integrativ behandelt werden, ist die Nachrüstung an Bestandsgebäuden oftmals technisch, aber auch gestalterisch herausfordernd. Gerade bei denkmalgeschützten Gebäuden ist die Anbringung von Beschattungselementen problematisch, da der gestalterische und konstruktive Eingriff in die historische Bausubstanz geringgehalten werden muss. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird ein neuartiger Beschattungsrahmen für die Fenster‐Außenbeschattung von denkmalgeschützten Gebäuden vorgestellt und messtechnisch charakterisiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich das Beschattungselement gut an bestehenden Fensterkonstruktionen montieren lässt und die Ausführung mit verschieblichen Lochblechen eine gute Anpassung der Beschattungsleistung erlaubt, welche sich durch zusätzlich angebrachte Hitzeschutzfolien erheblich erhöhen lässt. Zudem zeichnet sich die Beschattungslösung im Sinne des Simple Smart Building‐Gedankens durch eine einfache, leicht zu wartende Konstruktion aus.
Indigenous microalgae strains characterization for a sustainable biodiesel production
Authors: Amouri Mohammed , Aziza Majda , Kaidi Fayrouz , Abert Vian Maryline , Chemat Farid , Amrane Abdeltif , Assunção Mariana F. G. , Santos Lília M. A. , Ounnar Amel , Zitouni Dalila , Berrached Abdessalam
Published: December 2023

Microalgae have been widely recognized as a promising feedstock for sustainable biofuels production to tackle global warming and pollution issues related to fossil fuels uses. This study identified and analyzed indigenous microalgae strains for biodiesel production, specifically Chlorella vulgaris and Coelastrella thermophila var. globulina, from two distinct locations in Algeria. Molecular identification confirmed their identity, and the microalgae exhibited notable growth characteristics. Local Chlorella vulgaris and Coelastrella thermophila var. globulina showed good growth and high biomass yield, compared to Chlorella vulgaris CCAP211/11B reaching a weight of 1.48 g L‐1, 1.95 g L‐1, and 2.10 g L‐1, respectively. Lipids content of local Chlorella vulgaris, Coelastrella thermophila var. globulina, and Chlorella vulgaris CCAP211/11B, were found to be 31.39 ± 3.3%, 17 ± 2.26%, and 19 ± 0.64%, respectively. Chlorella vulgaris stood out as a candidate for biodiesel production due to its equilibrium between SFA and PUFA (43.24% and 45.27%). FAs are predominated by SFA and MUFA for Coelastrella thermophila var. globulina with value of 81.49% (SFA+MUFA). Predicted biodiesel qualities comply with ASTM6751 and EN14214 standards.

Studied microalgae have therefore a promising potential for biodiesel production. However, optimising cultivation conditions is necessary to enhance biomass and lipids yield at a large scale.
Advances in high throughput cell culture technologies for therapeutic screening and biological discovery applications
Authors: Ryoo Hyeon , Kimmel Hannah , Rondo Evi , Underhill Gregory H.
Published: December 2023

Cellular phenotypes and functional responses are modulated by the signals present in their microenvironment, including extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, tissue mechanical properties, soluble signals and nutrients, and cell–cell interactions. To better recapitulate and analyze these complex signals within the framework of more physiologically relevant culture models, high throughput culture platforms can be transformative. High throughput methodologies enable scientists to extract increasingly robust and broad datasets from individual experiments, screen large numbers of conditions for potential hits, better qualify and predict responses for preclinical applications, and reduce reliance on animal studies. High throughput cell culture systems require uniformity, assay miniaturization, specific target identification, and process simplification. In this review, we detail the various techniques that researchers have used to face these challenges and explore cellular responses in a high throughput manner. We highlight several common approaches including two‐dimensional multiwell microplates, microarrays, and microfluidic cell culture systems as well as unencapsulated and encapsulated three‐dimensional high throughput cell culture systems, featuring multiwell microplates, micromolds, microwells, microarrays, granular hydrogels, and cell‐encapsulated microgels. We also discuss current applications of these high throughput technologies, namely stem cell sourcing, drug discovery and predictive toxicology, and personalized medicine, along with emerging opportunities and future impact areas.
Applicability of J‐CTO channel score to predict microcatheter tracking during retrograde percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusions: Insights from the SURFING MICRO registry
Authors: Piedimonte Giulio , Azzalini Lorenzo , Ferrarotto Luigi , Mangione Riccardo , Cerrato Enrico , Franzè Alfonso , Tomassini Francesco , Rolfo Cristina , Pavani Marco , Zanda Greca , Tamburino Corrado , Varbella Ferdinando , La Manna Alessio
Published: December 2023

Background

The J‐chronic total occlusion (CTO) channel score can predict guidewire tracking of the collateral channels (CCs), but its efficacy in predicting microcatheter tracking has never been tested in the setting of retrograde CTO‐percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Aims

Predicting microcatheter collateral tracking during retrograde CTO‐PCIs.

Methods

A total of 189 patients undergoing retrograde CTO‐PCI from April 2017 to August 2021 were screened. The primary outcome of interest was a correlation between J‐CTO channel score and microcatheter tracking failure (MTF) after successful CC tracking by the guidewire. The independent association between anatomical features of the J‐CTO channel score and the primary outcome of interest was explored.

Results

After adjustment, only small size (adjusted OR: 12.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.79−89.82;p = 0.01) and continuous bends (adjusted OR: 14.15, 95% CI: 2.77−72.34;p < 0.001) remained significantly associated with an increased risk of MTF for septal collaterals. The small size was the only predictor of the MTF for epicardial collaterals (OR: 6.39, 95% CI: 1.13−35.96;p = 0.020) at univariate analysis. Patients in the MTF group had a lower incidence of procedural success compared with patients in the microcatheter tracking success (MTS) group (40.0% vs. 93.9%,p < 0.001) and had a higher incidence of collateral perforations (20.0% vs. 3.0%,p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Small and tortuous septal collaterals, identified by a score ≥3, are associated with an increased risk of MTF, lower incidence of procedural success, and higher risk of procedural complications driven by collateral perforations.
Defect Engineered Ni Doped MnCO2O4 Spinel Acts as Effective Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Khamsanga Sonti , Khampuanbut Amornrat , Kheawhom Soorathep , Limphirat Wanwisa , Uyama Hiroshi , Pattananuwat Prasit
Published: December 2023

Herein, an effective strategy using defect engineering promoted by Ni atom doping on MnCo2O4 is proposed for bifunctional catalytic activities of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). A series of NixMn1‐xCo2O4 with x=0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 is hydrothermally synthesized. Tuning the electronic structure by Ni‐doped MnCo2O4 results in modulating the valence states by dominating Mn4+ / Co3+ with the increase of oxygen vacancies. At optimized Ni content, Ni0.2Mn0.8Co2O4 reveals activity toward ORR with a current density of −1.02 mA cm‐2 at 0.95 V (vs. RHE), a high electron transfer number of 3.536, and the highest half‐wave potential of 0.855 V, which is comparable to Pt/C. For OER, Ni0.2Mn0.8Co2O4 demonstrates the lowest overpotential of 503 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Additionally, rechargeable zinc‐air batteries (RZABs) with Ni0.2Mn0.8Co2O4 catalyst demonstrate a capacity of 808.6 mA h g−1 at 1.0 mA cm−2 with power densities of 459 mW cm−2 at 675 mA cm−2. The improved binding strength (Mn−O/Co−O bond) and the enhanced stability by Ni atom doping in MnCo2O4 for ORR/OER is proved by ex‐situ FT‐EXAFS. This work highlights defect engineering on Ni‐doped MnCo2O4 used as bifunctional ORR/OER catalysts for high‐performance RZABs.
Characterization of CYP2B6 and CYP2A6 Pharmacogenetic Variation in Sub‐Saharan African Populations
Authors: Twesigomwe David , Drögemöller Britt I. , Wright Galen E. B. , Adebamowo Clement , Agongo Godfred , Boua Palwendé R. , Matshaba Mogomotsi , Paximadis Maria , Ramsay Michèle , Simo Gustave , Simuunza Martin C. , Tiemessen Caroline T. , Lombard Zané , Hazelhurst Scott
Published: December 2023

Genetic variation in CYP2B6 and CYP2A6 is known to impact interindividual response to antiretrovirals, nicotine, and bupropion, among other drugs. However, the full catalogue of clinically relevant pharmacogenetic variants in these genes is yet to be established, especially across African populations. This study therefore aimed to characterize the star allele (haplotype) distribution in CYP2B6 and CYP2A6 across diverse and understudied sub‐Saharan African (SSA) populations. We called star alleles from 961 high‐depth full genomes using StellarPGx, Aldy, and PyPGx. In addition, we performed CYP2B6 and CYP2A6 star allele frequency comparisons between SSA and other global biogeographical groups represented in the new 1000 Genomes Project high‐coverage dataset (n = 2,000). This study presents frequency information for star alleles in CYP2B6 (e.g., *6 and *18; frequency of 21–47% and 2–19%, respectively) and CYP2A6 (e.g., *4, *9, and *17; frequency of 0–6%, 3–10%, and 6–20%, respectively), and predicted phenotypes (for CYP2B6), across various African populations. In addition, 50 potentially novel African‐ancestry star alleles were computationally predicted by StellarPGx in CYP2B6 and CYP2A6 combined. For each of these genes, over 4% of the study participants had predicted novel star alleles. Three novel star alleles in CYP2A6 (*54, *55, and *56) and CYP2B6 apiece, and several suballeles were further validated via targeted Single‐Molecule Real‐Time resequencing. Our findings are important for informing the design of comprehensive pharmacogenetic testing platforms, and are highly relevant for personalized medicine strategies, especially relating to antiretroviral medication and smoking cessation treatment in Africa and the African diaspora. More broadly, this study highlights the importance of sampling diverse African ethnolinguistic groups for accurate characterization of the pharmacogene variation landscape across the continent.
Computational Pipeline for Analysis of Biomedical Networks with BioNAR
Authors: McLean Colin , Sorokin Anatoly , Armstrong J. Douglas , Sorokina Oksana
Published: December 2023

In a living cell, proteins interact to assemble both transient and constant molecular complexes, which transfer signals/information around internal pathways. Modern proteomic techniques can identify the constituent components of these complexes, but more detailed analysis demands a network approach linking the molecules together and analyzing the emergent architectural properties. The Bioconductor package BioNAR combines a selection of existing R protocols for network analysis with newly designed original methodological features to support step‐by‐step analysis of biological/biomedical . Critically, BioNAR supports a pipeline approach whereby many networks and iterative analyses can be performed. Here we present a network analysis pipeline that starts from initiating a network model from a list of components/proteins and their interactions through to identifying its functional components based solely on network topology. We demonstrate that BioNAR can help users achieve a number of network analysis goals that are difficult to achieve anywhere else. This includes how users can choose the optimal clustering algorithm from a range of options based on independent annotation enrichment, and predict a protein's influence within and across multiple subcomplexes in the network and estimate the co‐occurrence or linkage between metadata at the network level (e.g., diseases and functions across the network, identifying the clusters whose components are likely to share common function and mechanisms). The package is freely available in Bioconductor release 3.17: https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.17/bioc/html/BioNAR.html. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Creating and annotating the network

Support Protocol 1: Installing BioNAR from RStudio

Support Protocol 2: Building the sample network from synaptome.db

Basic Protocol 2: Network properties and centrality

Basic Protocol 3: Network communities

Basic protocol 4: Choosing the optimal clustering algorithm based on the enrichment with annotation terms

Basic Protocol 5: Influencing network components and bridgeness

Basic Protocol 6: Co‐occurrence of the annotations
Targeting polycomb repressor complex 2‐mediated bivalent promoter epigenetic silencing of secreted frizzled‐related protein 1 inhibits cholangiocarcinoma progression
Authors: Wu Guanhua , Wang Qi , Wang Da , Xiong Fei , Liu Wenzheng , Chen Junsheng , Wang Bing , Huang Wenhua , Wang Xin , Chen Yongjun
Published: December 2023

Background

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) refers to a collection of malignancies that are associated with a dismal prognosis. Currently, surgical resection is the only way to cure patients with CCA. Available systemic therapy is limited to gemcitabine plus cisplatin; however, this treatment is palliative in nature. Therefore, there is still a need to explore new effective therapeutic targets to intervene against CCA.

Methods

We analyzed the expression of EZH2 and the prognosis of patients in CCA. The proliferation, migration and invasion of CCA cells after gene knockdown and overexpression were examined and validated by a xenograft model and a primary CCA mouse model with corresponding gene intervention. Targeting DNA methylation, and RNA‐sequencing‐based transcriptomic analysis in EZH2 and SUZ12 knockout CCA cells was performed. Bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (PCR), chromatin immunoprecipitation‐quantitative PCR (ChIP‐qPCR) and reverse‐ChIP assays were performed for research purposes.

Results

Increased expression of EZH2 in CCA exhibited a significantly poorer prognosis. DNA hypomethylation of the promoter and increased mRNA levels of secreted frizzled‐related protein 1 (SFRP1) were observed in CCA cells following the inhibition of polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2), which was achieved through a knockout of EZH2, SUZ12 and EED, respectively, or treatment with GSK126 and GSK343. Targeting the SFRP1 promoter DNA hypermethylation with dCas9‐DNMT3a decreased the mRNA level of SFRP1. The expression of SFRP1 is regulated by both H3K27me3 and DNA methylation and H3K27me3 plays a crucial role in promoting SFRP1 promotor DNA methylation. GSK343 is a small molecule inhibitor that targets the catalytic activity of EZH2. It effectively inhibits the progression and development of subcutaneous xenografts and primary CCA mouse models.

Conclusion

Overall, our data strongly suggested that targeting PRC2 promotes the expression of SFRP1, thereby inhibiting the progression of CCA.

Key Points/Headlights

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) exhibits elevated expression of EZH2, SUZ12 and EED, resulting in increased levels of H3K27me3.

Targeting polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2) leads to the removal of H3K27me3 from the secreted frizzled‐related protein 1 (SFRP1) promoter and DNA hypomethylation, thereby activating the transcription of SFRP1.

Inhibiting PRC2, including the use of EZH2 inhibitors, holds promise as a potential strategy for developing anti‐cancer drugs for CCA.
Blood‐based biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease: Future directions for implementation
Authors: Suridjan Ivonne , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Monsch Andreas U. , Burnie Nerida , Baldor Robert , Sabbagh Marwan , Vilaseca Josep , Cai Dongming , Carboni Margherita , Lah James J.
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION

Disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) will increase diagnostic demand. A non‐invasive blood‐based biomarker (BBBM) test for detection of amyloid‐β pathology may reduce diagnostic barriers and facilitate DMT initiation.

OBJECTIVE

To explore heterogeneity in AD care pathways and potential role of BBBM tests.

METHODS

Survey of 213 healthcare professionals/payers in US/China/UK/Germany/Spain/France and two advisory boards (US/Europe).

RESULTS

Current diagnostic pathways are heterogeneous, meaning many AD patients are missed while low‐risk patients undergo unnecessary procedures. Confirmatory amyloid testing (cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers/positron emission tomography) is utilized in few patients, resulting in diagnostic/treatment delays. A high negative‐predictive‐value test could streamline the diagnostic pathway by reducing unnecessary procedures in low‐risk patients; supporting confirmatory testing where needed. Imminent approval of DMTs will increase need for fast and reliable AD diagnostic tests.

DISCUSSION

An easy‐to‐use, accurate, non‐invasive BBBM test for amyloid pathology could guide diagnostic procedures or referral, streamlining early diagnosis and DMT initiation.

Highlights

This study explored AD care pathways and how BBBM may meet diagnostic demands

Current diagnostic pathways are heterogeneous, with country and setting variations

Many AD patients are missed, while low‐risk patients undergo unnecessary procedures

An easy‐to‐use, accurate, non‐invasive BBBM test for amyloid pathology is needed

This test could streamline early diagnosis of amyloid pathology and DMT initiation
Factors influencing the in situ formation of Δ9‐THC from cannabidiol during GC–MS analysis
Authors: Cheng Ya‐Chih , Kerrigan Sarah
Published: December 2023

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) is widely used for the identification of cannabinoids in seized plant material. Conditions used for instrumental analysis should maximize decarboxylation, while minimizing the in situ production of Δ9‐THC inside the GC inlet. In this study, decarboxylation of the acidic Δ9‐THC precursor and in situ degradation of cannabidiol (CBD) were investigated using seven commercial GC liners with different deactivation chemistries and geometries. While the inlet temperature was previously optimized at 250°C in a previously validated assay, we systematically examined the temperature‐dependent decarboxylation of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid‐A (Δ9‐THCA‐A) and cyclization of CBD between 230°C and 310°C using different liners using favorable and unfavorable conditions. Significant differences in decarboxylation rate and CBD cyclization were observed between different liner types. While no temperature‐dependent differences in decarboxylation rate were observed within liner type, liner‐dependent differences were observed (α = 0.05), particularly between those with different geometry. In contrast, temperature and liner‐dependent differences were observed for in situ formation of Δ9‐THC (α = 0.05). This was influenced by liner geometry and to a smaller extent by surface deactivation. Effects were exacerbated with liner usage. While significant differences were observed using new and used GC liners, differences between liners of the same type but different lot numbers were not observed. Inter‐instrument differences using the same liner were also evaluated and had minimal effect. Liner‐ and temperature‐dependent effects were also confirmed using more than 20 cannabis plant extracts. Careful selection of liner, inlet conditions, and regular preventive maintenance can mitigate the risks associated with in situ formation Δ9‐THC from CBD.