bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Your MS Questionnaire: A Patient-based Digital Tool to Monitor Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis (Preprint)
Authors: Giovannoni Gavin , Alvarez Enrique , Tutton Ellen , Hoffmann Olaf , Xu Yan , Vermersch Patrick , Oreja-Guevara Celia , Trojano Maria , Gold Ralf , Robles-Cedeño René , Khwaja Mudeer , Stadler Bianca , Vandercappellen Jo , Ziemssen Tjalf
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

The Your Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire (YMSQ; www.yourms.com), a patient-completed tool, was co-developed with people living with MS (plwMS), patient advocacy groups, and clinicians to capture MS symptom changes and facilitate discussion between plwMS and clinicians.

OBJECTIVE

We describe the development of YMSQ and present the real-world usability testing results of YMSQ conducted across 7 countries.

METHODS

The YMSQ tool was developed in 4 stages to collect feedback from plwMS, patient organizations, and clinicians on content, format, and applicability. To assess its usability, 13 clinicians across 7 countries completed an online survey after using the tool with plwMS in a total of 261 consultations from September, 2020 to July, 2021.

RESULTS

The initial YMSQ version was based on findings from previous research developing MSProDiscuss™, a clinician-completed tool. Subsequently, insights from plwMS obtained during cognitive debriefing, patient councils and advisory boards led to changes including the addition of mood and sexual problems and the definition of relapse. All 13 clinicians completed the individual survey, whereas 10 clinicians completed the final survey. Clinicians “strongly agreed” or “agreed” that YMSQ was easy to use and understand (98.5%; 257/261 patient consultations). The clinicians were willing to use the tool again with the same patient (98.1%; 256/261 patient consultations). All clinicians who completed the final survey (100%; 10/10) reported that the use of the tool had a positive influence on their clinical practice, helped patients engage with their MS, facilitated discussion with patients, and complemented neurological assessment.

CONCLUSIONS

YMSQ benefits both plwMS and clinicians by facilitating a structured discussion and engaging the plwMS to self-monitor and self-manage. YMSQ is compatible with telemedicine practice and integration of the tool into electronic health records would enable tracking of the disease evolution and individual monitoring of MS symptoms over time.
A Literature Review on Billing System using Machine Learning
Authors: Lokesh Nitish , Kumar Dr. Pawan
Published: April 2022

Abstract: The process of billing a product in a retail outlet is done using the system of pre-made barcodes or RFIDs. This is done to keep a track of the items and identify them in the billing process, but it is time-consuming and labour-intensive as all items need to be affixed with barcodes before being used. Most of the small to medium scale retail stores also have a large part of their sales with items of a variable quantity, which cannot be affixed with barcodes as their quantity is determined dynamically and according to the customer’s needs. In this paper, we have explored various technologies including but not limited to computer vision, object detection and image recognition, especially due to its latest boom with machine learning and deep learning. We have briefed our findings on technologies that can be used to build efficient and novel systems to solve the issues that arise with using systems that are labour intensive, redundant, time-consuming and explore ways to incorporate items that can be packed with variable quantities. Keywords: Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Object Detection, Billing System, Computer vision, Image recognition
Literature Review on Coconut Peeling Machine
Authors: Ingle Dr. A. H. , Damahe Ashish , Rahangdale Ashwin , Chahande Avinash , Wasnik Barkha , Tembhare Bhupendra
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Coconut is the essential component of our daily life. Various parts of coconuts such as copra used as a food, shell as a fuel and coconut water used as nutritious liquid. Green coconut contains water in the earlier stage of its maturity and afterwards there is a development of meat. Both of them are nutritious, for the effective utilization of coconut peeling is essential. The conventional methods for this operation are using sharp knife. Which is tedious, risky and time consuming due to which to overcome these problems motorized machines are introduced. As the variation in sizes of coconuts it needs adjustment in tools used in machine to avoid breakage of nut. The presented model consists of motor, pulley, belt and tool with sharp blade and frame. Keywords: Peeling, motorized, Motor, Belt, Sharp blade.
Detection and Classification of Plant Disease with Deep Learning
Authors: Wadnere Pooja , Ramteke Dr. P. L.
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Deep learning is a branch of artificial intelligence. In recent years, with the benefits of automatic learning and feature extraction, it's been wide involved by educational and industrial circles. It has been wide utilized in image and video processing, voice processing, and natural language processing. At a similar time, it's conjointly become an enquiry hotspot within the field of agricultural plant protection, such as plant disease recognition and pest range assessment, etc. the application of deep learning in disease recognition will avoid the disadvantages caused by artificial choice of illness spot options, make plant disease feature extraction additional objective, and improve the analysis potency and technology transformation speed. This paper provides the analysis progress of deep learning technology within the field of crop plant disease identification in recent years. during this paper, we tend to present this trends and challenges for the detection of plant leaf disease with deep learning and advanced imaging techniques. we tend to hope that this work are going to be a valuable resource for researchers UN agency study the detection of plant diseases and bug pests. At a similar time, we tend to conjointly mentioned some of the challenges and issues that require to be resolved. Keywords: Deep Learning, Disease Detection, Classification, Artificial Intelligence, Leaf Disease Detection;
Soil Stabilization by Using Inorganic Waste
Authors: Sheikh Saddam , Mohod Ashutosh , Sahare Safal , Karambe Chandrakant , Raut Anshul , Bhendarkar Bhavna , Jichkar Rahul
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Soil stabilization is a process which improves the physical properties of soil, such as increasing shear strength, bearing capacity etc. which can be done by use of controlled compaction or addition of suitable admixtures like bituminous, lime and waste materials like plastic ,fly ash, phosphor gypsum etc. This new technique of soil stabilization can be effectively used to meet the challenges of society, to reduce the quantities of waste, producing useful material from non-useful waste materials. Plastic such as shopping waste bottles and bitumen is used to as a reinforcement to perform the CBR studies while mixing with soil for improving engineering performance of sub grade soil. Plastic strips obtained from waste plastic were mixed randomly with the soil. A series of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests ,unconfined compressive strength test(UCS) were carried out on randomly reinforced soil by varying percentage of plastic and bitumen respectively with different proportions. Results of CBR tests demonstrated that inclusion of waste plastic strips in soil with appropriate amounts improved strength and deformation behavior of sub grade soils substantially. Keywords: CBR, Plastic bottle, Plastic bag, Bitumen, Soil Stabilization
Model Organism Used in Biological Research: Drosophila Melanogaster
Authors: Pansuriya Vidhi N. , Gupta Dr. Amit
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Drosophila melanogaster, (species of Fly; order Diptera; family Drosophilidae) usedas model organism and is widely used for various immunobiologically studies especially genetics, animal physiology along with microbial pathogenesis etc. It is one of the most typically used organism in invertebrates that is easy to care, breeds quickly and lays many eggs. In this study, our group collected literature about drosophila (invertebrates) related to the prevalence of disorders which effects metabolism and other cellular functions. In view of this, this organism is used as model organism for various biological studies.
A Quantifiable Analysis of Ambivalence in Tweets
Authors: Tak Raghu
Published: April 2022

Abstract: To detect emotions of the writer in any textual content is a requirement that has been persistent in the industry. Much of the research work has been done on this topic but only a handful of them explore the quantified association of the given text with the purpose of recognizing mixed emotions and emotional ambivalence, our work tends to do so. Emotional Ambivalence is a state in which person feels a blend of both positive and negative emotions. Therefore, we needed a suitable and brief emotion model capableof being bipolar to begin our work with, so we chose Paul Ekman’s Emotion model. This model focuses only on the six primary emotions which are: anger, fear, joy, sadness, surprise and disgust. In our work we used a Lexicon based approach for emotion recognition.The objective was achieved with the help of newly created lexicon for bi-grams that contained annotations according to their PMI scores. We also created a subset of Twitter Emotional Corpus (TEC) by passing it to our annotators, to test our approach. The automatic process through which the original corpus was created did have some wrong annotations; thereforea manual cross validation of this corpus was required. So, we chose three annotators for this purpose and fetched a uniform agreed corpus on whichwe worked further. The output of our approach detects a combination of the emotions felt associated with their respective values. Keywords: Emotion Analysis, Affect Computing, Sentiment Analysis
Application of Runge – Kutta Method to Population Equations
Authors: Sundaram Arunachalam
Published: April 2022

Abstract: In this paper, we implement the second order Runge – Kutta method for three different population initial value problems. The Runge – Kutta method is a numerical technique used to solve the approximate solution for initial value problems for ordinary differential equations. Runge – Kutta method is implemented to linear population equation, non-linear population equation and non-linear population equation with an oscillation. The method of solving three initial value problems is implemented using Python Programming. Keywords: Differential equation, Runge – Kutta method, Discrete interval, Population equation, Non-linear population equation, Oscillation, Python.
Solving correlation clustering with QAOA and a Rydberg qudit system: a full-stack approach
Authors: Weggemans Jordi R. , Urech Alexander , Rausch Alexander , Spreeuw Robert , Boucherie Richard , Schreck Florian , Schoutens Kareljan , Minář Jiří , Speelman Florian
Published: April 2022

We study the correlation clustering problem using the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) and qudits, which constitute a natural platform for such non-binary problems. Specifically, we consider a neutral atom quantum computer and propose a full stack approach for correlation clustering, including Hamiltonian formulation of the algorithm, analysis of its performance, identification of a suitable level structure for 87Sr and specific gate design. We show the qudit implementation is superior to the qubit encoding as quantified by the gate count. For single layer QAOA, we also prove (conjecture) a lower bound of 0.6367 (0.6699) for the approximation ratio on 3-regular graphs. Our numerical studies evaluate the algorithm's performance by considering complete and Erdős-Rényi graphs of up to 7 vertices and clusters. We find that in all cases the QAOA surpasses the Swamy bound 0.7666 for the approximation ratio for QAOA depths p≥2. Finally, by analysing the effect of errors when solving complete graphs we find that their inclusion severely limits the algorithm's performance.
ENERGY AND COSTS SAVING AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM OF SHOPPING MALL BUILDINGS: A CASE STUDY IN JAKARTA
Authors: Marjianto Agus , Haftirman Haftirman
Published: April 2022

The air conditioning system for the Mall A building in Jakarta uses a central air conditioning system with a constant flow chiller with TES (Thermal Energy Storage). This system will be verified by measuring data regarding cooling load of the Mall A. The peak cooling load measurement results is 12,299 kW with a total cooling load of 45,733,180 kWh for 1 year. The result of the measurement data will be compared to cooling load calculation by Trace 700 software. Based on Trace 700 software, the peak cooling load is 12,594 kW with a total cooling load of 44,617,405 kWh. Furthermore, using the actual measurement data of the air conditioning system in Mall A, it will be compared with a central air conditioning system with a magnetic bearing chiller which will be equipped with VSD (Variable Speed Drive) to find out how well its energy performance and costs are for a mall building similar to Mall A, as a potential for energy and cost savings. The results of energy calculations and cost analysis, the central air conditioning system with the magnetic bearing chiller is 99 kWh/(m2.year) and the life cycle costs for 20 years, 30 years, and 50 years are 339,828,248,242 IDR, 415,994,136,400 IDR, 521,915,598,761 IDR. While the results of energy calculations and cost analysis, the TES combination constant flow chiller central air conditioning system is 141 kWh/(m2.year) and the life cycle costs for 20 years, 30 years, and 50 years are 435,150,140,059 IDR, 541,700,386,487 IDR, 690,535,151,478 IDR. Based on the foregoing, the central air conditioning system with variable flow magnetic bearing chiller is a better system than the central air conditioning system with TES combination constant flow chiller for shopping mall buildings similar to Mall A.
THE MEASUREMENT OF POTENTIAL RISK OF FIRE AND EXPLOSION AT GAS STASION IN TO ANTICIPATE NON-MILITARY THREATS
Authors: Aferdiansyah Rizky , Affuwani Novita , Elita Hafizah Mas Ayu , Triharjanto Robertus Heru , Nugroho Widianto
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Gas stations (SPBU in Indonesia) have the potency for fire and explosion hazards due to the storage and distribution of flammable liquids, one of which is Pertamax. This can be a non-military threat in the dimension of public safety because if it occurs, the resulting loss could be very large in terms of material or life. This study aims to determine the risk of fire and explosion at Indonesian gas station. Methods: The risk assessment method used is the Dow's Fire and Explosion Index in a simulated case. Results: The potential for fire and explosion or the value of the Fire Explosion Index (F&EI) in the simulated case is 110,828. The exposure radius is 28,39 m and the damage factor to the Pertamax storage tank is 63%. The large area of the Exposure is 24 m2 with an area of 96 m3 of the bunker building volume. The value of the loss suffered by the company in the event of a fire and explosion in the Pertamax tank is Rp. 403.908.076,97. Conclusion: The results of the study have a risk level that is classified as Intermediate, so it is necessary to control risks such as increasing active protection and is expected to be an input in efforts to safeguard against non-military threats so as to reduce the impact of risks and losses that occur in the Pertamax storage tank.
THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL LITERATURE, FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR, & REGRET AVERSION BIAS ON MILLENNIAL INVESTMENT DECISIONS
Authors: Octavia Anita Dwi , Yuwono Chyntia Chris , Monangin Filia Gabrilia
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to analyze the effects of financial literacy, financial behavior, and regret Aversion bias towards investment decisions among millennials in Indonesia. This study used primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to 113 respondents with Maximum age of 30 years. The sampling method used in this research is purposive sampling. There were 78 out of 113 respondents who met the criteria to be sampled. The analysis method use in this study is Partial Least Square (PLS), with an R2 value of 98.50%. The results showed that financial behavior significantly affected investment decisions while financial literacy and regret aversion bias ware not affected.
THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL KNOWLEGDE, FINANCIAL ATTITUDE ON FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR IN COFFEE SHOP IN TANGERANG CITY
Authors: Aldiki Reza Satria , Agustin Dila , Zulfa Desviera
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to find out and how the influence of financial knowledge, financial attitudes on financial management behavior in coffee shop business actors in Tangerang City. The research design used in this study is a quantitative approach. The sampling technique used purposive sampling method. Methods of data collection using a questionnaire and obtained a sample of 31 respondents. In this study, researchers used descriptive data analysis techniques, regression tests and different t-tests with the help of the PLS software program. The results of data analysis and the results of the hypotheses in this study were tested with SmartPLS 3.0 and The results of this study are Financial Knowledge, and Financial Attitudes have no significant effect on the Financial Management Behavior of Coffee Shop Businesses in Tangerang City.
Performance Analysis of Protected Fund and Equity Fund Using Sharpe, Treynor, Jensen
Authors: Ningrum Mersa Lestari , Risman Asep
Published: April 2022

This study was conducted to determine the mutual funds' performance of capital-protected and equity funds from February 2021 to August 2021. Return, risk, Sharpe index, Treynor index, and Jensen index are all used to evaluate mutual fund performance. Sample data consisted of 462 capital-protected fund products and 273 equity fund products. The performance of equities funds outperforms that of capital-protected funds, according to the average Sharpe index. The Treynor index showed that capital-protected funds outperformed the market. The Jensen index shows that capital-protected funds outperform equity funds. In March, April, and May, capital-protected funds outperform the market (JCI), whereas equities funds outperform in April and August. In April, capital-protected funds outpaced risk-free investments, whereas equity funds outperformed in February, July, and August. The Independent T-Test is the statistical approach used to test the hypothesis. The findings revealed no substantial differences between capital-protected funds and equity funds, allowing investors to invest in one or both.
STOCK PRICE ANALYSIS BEFORE AND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC (Case Study on Pharmaceutical Sub-Sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange)
Authors: Anur Vera Fitri , Mufid Jhon Edy , Wulandari Dwi Siva
Published: April 2022

This study aims to analyze the stock prices of the pharmaceutical sub-sector listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange before and during the Covid-19 pandemic stock price. The background of this research because of the negative effect of the spread of the Covid-19 virus on stock prices. on In this study, the data used are the stock prices of 10 pharmaceutical companies on the Stock Exchange Indonesia quarter II (April-June) The data used is secondary data that can be accessed through yahoo finance and idx stock exchange then the data is processed using the SPSS version 25. The results of processing data on significant differences in stock prices before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
MARKETING STRATEGIES IN THE FACE OF PANDEMIC IMPACTS COVID-19 ON SUHERI CHIPS
Authors: Munawaroh Nikmatul , Habiburrahman Habiburrahman
Published: April 2022

The results of the study on swot matrix combination formulation analysis (strenght, weakness, opportunity, and threat), Suheri Chip Aneka Rasa marketing strategy based on SO strategy that has the highest value of 5.54, WO strategy 2.80, ST strategy 3.29, WT strategy 0.55. Judging from the cartesius diagram of SWOT analysis, it is known that Suheri's efforts in The I Growth (SO Strategy), a very profitable position. Then the strategy that can be done can use the SO strategy (Strenght to take advantage of existing Opportunities) Is utilizing raw materials and improving the quality of products by using quality materials so that consumers can continue to be loyal to buy with large quantities, always maintain consumer confidence and increase the number of employees in order to increase the number of production, increase modern production tools in order to provide consumer orders with the amount demanded.
ANALYSIS OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT TO INCREASE ONLINE SALES OF PAYU LEGI SHOP DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Destiana Riska , Habiburahman Habiburahman
Published: April 2022

From 2019 to 2020, Payu Legi's sales turnover is expected to drop. The purpose of this research is to determine how Payu Legi's online store sales are affected by human resource development. Only Payu Legi in Sukabumi, Bandar Lampung, is examined in this study. Payu Legi, the proprietors of small businesses, were the subjects of this survey. Five persons participated in this study: one owner and four staff. Descriptive data analysis is used in this form of qualitative study. All data gathered from the field, including observations, interviews, and data included in specific documents, are included in data gathering. To view the whole picture or just one component of the study, data is presented in an effort to do so. Payu Legi's online shop's sales have suffered as a consequence of its Human Resource Development efforts, according to a study on "Analysis of Human Resource Development to Increase Sales of Payu Legi's Online Shop." This is because in finding employees employers do not pay attention to the skills and education of these employees so that employers must teach their employees from zero to understand. For business actors, it is expected to focus on developing human resources for the employees they already have because good human resources will have a positive impact on production, promotion, quality, service, and so on in chip shops which will directly increase sales turnover.
Moderating Impact of Strategic Vision To The Relationship of Strategic Involvement With Environmental Uncertainty, Competitive Strength, Job Involvement, and Organizational Commitment
Authors: Fauzi Agus
Published: April 2022

This research aims to understand the moderating impact of strategic vision to the relationship of strategic involvement with environment uncertainty, competitive strength, job involvement, and organizational commitment. The sample of this research are 72 officials of Muhammadiyah universities in Indonesia which are called Rector, Chief, Director, Vice of Rector, Vice of Chief, Vice of Director, and Dean. This research use survey method with questionnaire as research instrument and nonprobability sampling method, specifically purposive sampling in particular. To test the validity we use confirmatory factor analysis and to test reliability we use coefficient of cronbach’s alpha. To test the hypotheses we use moderated regression analysis. The result of this research shows that strategic involvement is positively related and significant to environment uncertainty, competitive strength, job involvement, and organizational commitment. Strategic vision does not moderate the relationship of strategic involvement with environment uncertainty, but it moderates the relationship of strategic involvement with competitive strength, job involvement, and organizational commitment.
Sacred and Profane in “Essays of Bursa” by N. G. Pomyalovsky
Authors: Degterev Nikolay A.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of relationship between the categories of sacred and profane in “Essays of Bursa” by N. G. Pomyalovsky. The author examines various concepts of the sacred. There are two main concepts among them. The first one is the conventionally “institutional” sacred, correlated with the social sphere of religion. The second one is conventionally “ontological” sacred, associated with the “fullness of life, existence.” The author analyzes specific fragments of the text and comes to the conclusion that each of these concepts is reflected in the work. However, the author’s main idea is that the “institutional” sacred, represented by the phenomena of church (liturgical, educational) life, is profaned in “Essays of Bursa.” On the contrary, the phenomena of the profane life of students (games, relationships), which can be correlated with the “carnival, festive” attitude, are sacralized.
Comparative Study of N. V. Gogol’s “Notes on Russian Life” and “Tales of the Russian People” by I. P. Sakharov
Authors: Kartashov Vladislav S.
Published: April 2022

The article establishes and clarifies the sources of N.V. Gogol’s notes “Yegory in Spring,” “Nikola in Spring,” “Yuri in Autumn,” “Nikola in Winter.” G. P. Georgievsky was the first who drew attention to these sources, pointing out that Gogol’s notes are extracts from the “People’s Diary” of the doctor, ethnographer, archaeologist, paleographer and writer Ivan Petrovich Sakharov (1807–1863) in his book “Tales of the Russian People.” “People’s Diary” is combined by I. P. Sakharov with “Folk Holidays and Customs” in “Russian Folk Anniversary,” which is a part of his book “Tales of the Russian People.” The work emphasizes that, along with the complete coincidence of a number of texts of Gogol’s notes with the texts of the source, there are some discrepancies. As a result of a comparative study of the texts, it was established that Gogol’s texts are extracts not only from the “People’s Diary,” but also from “Folk Holidays and Customs,” combined with the “People’s Diary” in the “Russian Folk Anniversary” in the book by I. P. Sakharov “Tales of the Russian People.”
Urbanisation and SME growth in a developing economy: Implications for policy
Authors: Bomani Mapeto , Derera Evelyn , Mashingaidze Mugove
Published: April 2022

This paper sought to examine the challenges and government support for urban small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Zimbabwe and offer policy direction for further development of the sector. Previous studies that explored challenges facing the urban SMEs in Zimbabwe paid little attention to government support and policy strategies to develop the sector further (Chigwenya & Mudzengerere, 2013; Thebe & Ncube, 2015). This study intends to fill this gap. Using a qualitative research design, we gathered data from 25 purposively sampled SMEs through in-depth interviews. Data were analysed using content analysis. Results revealed that urban SMEs face several challenges, including access to finance, lack of technical and management skills, and stringent government regulations. Although the government implemented some policies to support SMEs, these measures were inadequate. The government should set aside more resources to support the sector, including SMEs clustering and establishing more business incubation centres to facilitate technology and skills transfer. The government should also strike a balance between the regulatory laws of the sector and its development to achieve sustained growth. More importantly, the government’s urban plans should incorporate the pressing demands of climate change in building inclusive, resilient, and sustainable cities of the future. The study proposed areas for future research
Preguntar: guía del camino para la investigación
Authors: E Majul
Published: April 2022

¿Somos lo que decimos que somos?, ¿somos lo que la gente cree que somos? o ¿somos loque somos? ¿De dónde surge nuestro hacer en el día a día?, ¿qué nos mueve a investigar?, ¿quénos mueve a servir?, ¿qué nos impulsa a comenzar el día y hacer lo que hacemos? Si abstraemosestas tres horas de evento de investigación, podemos describir un equipo de salud, colegas y gentede soporte que se han planteado preguntas sobre porqué pasa lo que pasa, e intentan responderlas,muchas veces, con supuestos que hoy son verdad, pero el día de mañana será otra la conclusión yla respuesta. El aporte que ustedes realizaron en el día de hoy, es la conclusión de un trabajo queles llevó semanas, meses o años de investigación, con un esfuerzo muchas veces poco reconocidopero que, a su vez, algunas de esas conclusiones tendrán alto impacto en el accionar médico, hastaes probable que alguna corresponda a un cambio de técnica, de una verdad que se considerabairrefutable y que ustedes pudieron comprobar que haciendo algo distinto culmina en un resultadomejor.
Estudio de la sección transversal de premolares inferiores con tomografía computada de haz cónico
Authors: G Berchialla , R Portigliatti , S Gartner , C Mugnolo , A Vacaflor , L Uribe Echevarría , A Mangeuad , M Martin
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los premolares inferiores son conocidos por la naturaleza compleja de la configuraciónde sus conductos. Generalmente cuando presentan uno solo es estrecho y acintado. En la actualidadcontamos con herramientas de diagnóstico más precisas como las Tomografías Computadas de Haz Cónicopara evaluar la morfología de los conductos en los tres planos del espacio.OBJETIVO: Es estudiar la sección transversal de los conductos de premolares inferiores humanos, con unsolo conducto radicular.MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Fueron estudiados 120 premolares inferiores humanos extraídos. Losespecímenes fueron estudiados por medio de CBCT, con un tomógrafo Carestream 8200. Del total de lamuestra, se seleccionaron a través de las CBCT, sólo los premolares con un conducto. Los mismos fueronanalizados en cortes perpendiculares al eje largo del diente (axiales) En cada pieza dentaria se midió eldiámetro en sentido bucolingual y mesiodistal del conducto (expresado en milímetros) en los tres tercios:cervical, medio y apical. Posteriormente, se analizó la morfología del conducto en los cortes axiales, en lostres tercios antes mencionados, clasificándolos en: circulares, ovales, ovalesalargados y acintados. Lasvariables cuantitativas fueron representadas en tablas mediante promedio y desvío, mientras que lascualitativas con frecuencias y porcentajes. Se realizaron pruebas de Friedman y prueba de uniformidad chicuadrado. Se utilizaron los soft RMedic e Infostat. En todos los casos el nivel de significación fue del 5%.RESULTADOS: El 1,22% de los casos presentaron un conducto circular y 4,88 % ovalado en todo surecorrido. El 93,9% de la muestra presentó diferentes morfologías en los 3 tercios del conducto: LCC en21.95%, seguida por ACC con un 20.73% y OCC con un 10,98%. Se observó un predominio de conductoscirculares en el 84% en el tercio apical y 56% en el medio; ovalados en tercio medio en un 31,71% yaplanados en el tercio cervical en un 37.8%. El diámetro promedio del conducto circular a 3 mm del ápicefue de 0,55 mm2. En cervical el promedio de diámetro mayor fue de 2.58 mm en BL y 0.83 mm en MD yen tercio medio 1,29 mm en BL y 0.82 mm en MD.CONCLUSIONES: Los premolares inferiores con un solo conducto presentaron diferentes morfologías enlos tres tercios del conducto. El predominio de la anatomía fue Alargada o Aplanada en el tercio Cervical(37.80%) y predominio de Circulares en Medio (56.10%) y Apical (84.15%). Este tipo de conductos, quevarían su morfología longitudinalmente, pueden ser un verdadero desafío para su instrumentación,irrigación y obturación.
S1pr1 serves as a viable drug target against pulmonary fibrosis by increasing the integrity of the endothelial barrier of the lung
Authors: Jin Jing , Hao Mengyao , Fu Rong , Tai Juan , Yuan Xia , Wang Mingjin , Jiang Huimin , Ji Ming , Lai Fangfang , Xue Nina , Chen Yang , Rao Shuan , Bai Liping , yizhun zhu , Chen Xiaoguang , Lv Xiao-Xi
Published: April 2022

Background and Purpose：As important components of lung tissue,
endothelial cells (ECs) are associated with many lung diseases. The role
of ECs dysfunction in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and how to
improve alveolar capillary barrier (ACB) to treat IPF is incompletely
understood. Therefore we investigated the involvment of endothelial
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1pr1) in PF and therapeutic effect
of selective S1pr1 agonist IMMH002. Experimental approach：Databases of
IPF patients and individuals without fibrosis were mined by Seurat. We
generated an endothelial-conditional S1pr1 knockout (S1pr1+/−) mice and
we also examined a bleomycin-induced model of pulmonary fibrosis (PF).
We performed qRT-PCR,Western blot, Immunofluorescence staining and EC
permeability experiments. Key results：Expression of S1pr1 in ECs was
reduced markedly in IPF patients. Mice with endothelial-specific S1pr1
deficiency exhibited severer inflammation and fibrosis upon challenge
with bleomycin. Significant accumulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin
(α-SMA) was observed near vessels after S1pr1 deficiency, which
indicated a potential connection between ACB injury and fibrosis. S1pr1
activation by a selective agonist IMMH002 could ameliorate PF by
improving tight junctions in ECs and protects the ACB. Conclusion and
Implications: Our results suggest that S1pr1 plays a significant role in
ACB and it could be a potential target for IPF. Activation of S1pr1 with
IMMH002 elicits a potent therapeutic effect in bleomycin-induced
fibrosis by increasing tight junctions in endothelial cells and
protecting the integrity of ACB therefore improve survial rate and lung
function.
Evolutionary change in metabolic rate of Daphnia pulicaria following invasion by the predator Bythotrephes longimanus
Authors: rani varsha , Walsh Matthew , Burton Tim , Einum Sigurd
Published: April 2022

Metabolic rate is a trait that may evolve in response to the direct and
indirect effects of predator-induced mortality. Predators may indirectly
alter selection by lowering prey densities and increasing resource
availability or by intensifying resource limitation through changes in
prey behaviour (e.g. use of less productive areas). In the current study
we quantify evolution of metabolic rate in the zooplankton Daphnia
pulicaria following an invasive event by the predator Bythotrephes
longimanus in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, US. This invasion has been shown
to dramatically impact D. pulicaria, causing a ~60%
decline in their biomass. Using a resurrection ecology approach, we
compared the metabolic rate of D. pulicaria clones originating from
prior to the Bythotrephes invasion with that of clones having evolved in
the presence of Bythotrephes. We observed a 7.4% reduction in metabolic
rate among post-invasive clones compared to pre-invasive clones, and
discuss the potential roles of direct and indirect selection in driving
this change.
Evaluation of pathway to diagnosis of paediatric brain tumours in South India
Authors: Kartik Prerna , Liu Jo-Fen , Sudarsan Rishan , SRINIVASAN ARATHI , Sivaprakasam Ponni , JAYARAMAN DHAARANI , John Rikki , Jalali Rakesh , Scott Julius , dandapani madhumita
Published: April 2022

Background: The incidence of brain tumours in India equate to half of
those in the developed world. Delayed diagnosis is associated with a
higher risk of life-threatening neurological complications at
presentation and poor cognitive outcomes amongst survivors. Early
detection and treatment is crucial for improving outcomes. Aims: The aim
of this study was to analyse baseline diagnostic intervals for
paediatric brain tumours in Tamil Nadu. Methods: Data for this
retrospective study was collected via questionnaire across 8 different
hospitals in Tamil Nadu. It consisted of 14 questions where doctors were
asked to record data items including the date of symptom onset, first
presentation to healthcare and date of diagnosis. Results: 114 children
were diagnosed with a brain tumour between January 2018 – October 2020.
The average diagnostic interval was 9.3 weeks (median 3.5 weeks), and
the average patient interval is 6.1 weeks (median 0.6 weeks.). Low-grade
tumours had the longest median total diagnostic interval of 6.6 weeks.
The median total diagnostic interval was significantly higher in
villages (7.9 weeks), as compared to patients located in District (4.8
weeks) and cities (2.3 weeks). Conclusion: Overall, the diagnostic
interval for paediatric brain tumours were comparable to data in the UK.
Moreover, all patients received an MRI within a day, indicating
excellent infrastructure.. However, many low-grade and optic pathway
tumours were unaccounted for. Tamil Nadu has one of the best healthcare
systems in India and extending this methodology to areas with poorer
healthcare provisions, is required to get representative national data.
A Rare Disease with Unique Findings: ROR2-associated autosomal recessive Robinow syndrome
Authors: Keçeci Hayriye , Eker Hatice , Çaksen Hüseyin
Published: April 2022

Robinow syndrome is an autosomal dominant and recessive congenital
skeletal dysplasia characterized by prominent craniofacial features,
skeletal abnormalities and other anomalies. We describe the clinical
findings of a female patient who applied for dental treatment and was
diagnosed with Robinow syndrome associated with ROR2.
Urticarial rash as the initial presentation of COVID-19 infection: a case report
Authors: Al-Anbagi Usamah , Usman Shybin , Nashwan Abdulqadir
Published: April 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple skin manifestations have been
described. These include an urticarial rash, morbilliform rash,
maculopapular rash, vascular lesions, and varicella-like eruptions. A
30-year-old woman presented with a mild cough, then hives and pruritic
rash for 3 days, followed by fever, dyspepsia, and throat pain for one
day.
High prevalence of IgE sensitization to inactivated influenza vaccines, yet robust IgG4 responses, in a healthy pediatric population
Authors: Fujisawa Takao , Tonto Prince Baffour , Nagao Mizuho , Suga Shigeru , Taniguchi Kiyosu , Hirayama Masahiro , Nakayama Tetsuo , Kumagai Takuji
Published: April 2022

Background: Anaphylaxis following influenza vaccination is a
rare but serious problem. The underlying immune responses are not well
understood. Objective: To elucidate IgE and IgG antibody
responses in healthy children and adolescents following inactivated
influenza vaccines (IIVs). Methods: The efficacy and safety of
quadrivalent IIV (QIV) and trivalent IIV (TIV) were compared in healthy
subjects aged 0-18 years. Serum IIV-specific IgE, IgG and IgG4 levels
(sIgE, sIgG, sIgG4) were measured with ImmunoCAP. Hemagglutinin
inhibition (HI) assay was performed for each influenza virus subtype.
Sera from earlier patients who developed anaphylaxis to different IIVs
were similarly tested. Results: A total of 393 subjects were
enrolled: 96 were 6 months -2 years old, 100 were 3-5 years old, 100
were 6-12 years old, and 97 were 13-18 years old . No anaphylaxis
was observed. Generally, QIV and TIV induced similar antibody responses.
IIV-sIgE levels rose significantly after vaccination in the 6m-2y and
3-5y groups, did not change in the 6-12y group, and decreased in the
13-18y group. In contrast, the IIV-sIgG4/sIgE ratio increased
significantly after vaccination in all age groups. Sensitized subjects
had significantly higher HI titers and IIV-sIgG levels in the youngest
age group and higher IIV-sIgG4 levels in all age groups compared with
the non-sensitized. The IIV-sIgG4/sIgE ratio in 5 patients with
anaphylaxis was significantly lower than in age-matched healthy
subjects. Conclusion: IIVs induce IgE sensitization in healthy
children, but also robust IgG4 responses that may protect them from
anaphylaxis. (239 words)
Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Nectogale (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae)
Authors: Fan Ronghui , Tang Keyi , Dou Liang , Fu Changkun , Wang Xuming , Chen Shunde , Liu Shaoying
Published: April 2022

It is generally believed that there is only one species, Nectogale
elegans in the genus Nectogale. However, the validity of the species
status of Nectogale sikhimensis has been controversial, and the
phylogenetic relationship of this genus has not been well resolved. In
this study, the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and eight nuclear genes
were used to infer the molecular phylogenetic relationship of the genus.
The results of phylogenetic trees indicated that Nectogale was divided
into two large lineages—Group A from Tibet and Group B from Sichuan
and Yunnan. The divergence time between the two groups was estimated to
be 5.76 million years. The genetic distance of K2P between the two
groups was over 14%. Some morphological differences were also found in
Groups A and B, including the skull size, shape of the second upper
molar (M2), first lower unicuspid (a1), and palatal suture. In
consideration of the large genetic distance, divergence time, and
morphological differences, we recover the species status of N.
sikhimensis and support that Nectogale consists of two species.
Model reduction, machine learning based global optimisation for large-scale steady state nonlinear systems
Authors: Tao Min , Petsagkourakis Panagiotis , Li Jie , Theodoropoulos Constantinos
Published: April 2022

Many engineering processes can be accurately modelled using partial
differential equations (PDEs), but high dimensionality and non-convexity
of the resulting systems pose limitations on their efficient
optimisation. In this work, a model reduction, machine-learning
methodology combining principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial
neural networks (ANNs) is employed to construct a reduced surrogate
model, which can then be utilised by advanced deterministic global
optimisation algorithms to compute global optimal solutions with
theoretical guarantees. However, such optimisation would still be
time-consuming due to the high non-convexity of the activation functions
inside the reduced ANN structures. To develop a
computationally-efficient optimization framework, we propose two
alternative strategies: The first one is a piecewise-affine
reformulation of the nonlinear ANN activation functions, while the
second one is based on deep rectifier neural networks with ReLU
activation function. The performance of the proposed framework is
demonstrated through three illustrative case studies.
Characterizations and growth kinetics of the borided layer formed on pure nickel by molten salt electrolysis
Authors: Wang B.-X. , Yuan W.-L. , Wang Z.-Y. , Li J.-X. , Ma H.-Z. , Song Y.-H.
Published: April 2022

Molten salt electrolysis was applied for the boronizing of nickel with Na2B4O7?10H2O-Na2CO3 as the electrolyte and characterizations and the growth kinetics of borided layer is reported. The experiment was carried out in silicon carbide crucible at 1193 K, 1223 K, and 1243 K for 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 4 h. The morphology and phases formed on the surface of pure nickel were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The surface hardness and corrosion resistance of the boronized sample were tested by micro hardness tester and electrochemical workstation, respectively. The borided layer was composed of nickel borides and its thickness ranged from 71 to 184 ?m. After 1 h of boronizing, the hardness of the silicon rich borides is 966 HK, which is a little lower than that of the nickel borides (992-1008 HK); the surface hardness reached 1755 HK after 4 h electrolysis. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis showed that the corrosion resistance of boronized sample is better than that of pure nickel. Borided layer growth kinetics was studied by analyzing the relationship between thickness of the borided layer and time by mathematical method. Then the diffusion coefficient constant of boron atom in nickel at 1193 K, 1223 K and 1243 K was calculated accordingly and an equation was obtained to estimate the thickness of the borided layer.
The quest for macroeconomic stability under sanctions and weak state
Authors: Arsic Milojko
Published: April 2022

The inadequate response of the state to the collapse of the monetary system
of the former Yugoslavia and the introduction of UN sanctions resulted in
one of the longest and largest hyperinflations in economic history. The
stabilisation programme, implemented at the end of January 1994, led to an
almost immediate halt to hyperinflation, which enabled the recovery of the
monetary and fiscal system, the growth of economic activity, and
consequently the growth of citizens? standard of living. The programme had
limited economic reach because political actors failed to implement fiscal
consolidation, while sanctions made it more difficult to implement economic
reforms. After the signing of the Dayton Agreement and the lifting of trade
sanctions, Programme II was proposed, containing key measures for the
transition from a socialist to a market economy. A coalition of influential
interest groups gathered around the ruling parties rejected Programme II,
although some ideas from the Programme were implemented in the following
years.
Stress fractures of the femoral neck in adults: an observational study on epidemiology, treatment, and reoperations from the Swedish Fracture Register
Authors: Sundkvist Jonas , Möller Michael , Rogmark Cecilia , Wolf Olof , Mukka Sebastian
Published: April 2022

Background and purpose: Stress fractures of the femoral neck (sFNFs) are uncommon injuries. Studies on sFNFs are rare. We describe the demographics, classification, treatment, reoperation rates, and mortality in a cohort of sFNF patients from the Swedish Fracture Register (SFR).
Patients and methods: We included 146 patients ≥ 18 years of age with an sFNF registered in the SFR between 2011 and 2020. The cohort was linked with the Swedish Arthroplasty Register and reviewed using medical records and radiographs. We assessed the presence of disorders of bone remodeling, duration of symptoms, fracture classification, treatment, reoperations, and mortality.
Results: The mean age was 58 years (21–96), 75% were women and the median duration of symptoms was 23 days (1–266). 40% of patients had disorders of bone remodeling. 54% were undisplaced (uFNF), 30% displaced (dFNF), and 16% basicervical (bFNF). 14% of patients < 60 years were treated nonoperatively, by internal fixation (IF) in 77% and by arthroplasty in 10%. Patients ≥ 60 years weretreated nonoperatively in 10%, IF in 40%, and arthroplasty in 49%. Nonoperative treatment was reserved for uFNFs or bFNFs, resulting in 35% receiving late surgery. The overall secondary or late surgery rate was 19%. Mortality was 2% at 90 days and increased to 3% at 1 year.
Interpretation: sFNF has a biphasic age distribution. One-third of patients presented with a displaced FNF and those managed nonoperatively for an undisplaced sFNF were at risk of late surgery. The mortality rates for patients with these injuries was low.