bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A força e a coragem de pensar positivamente: percepções de mulheres jovens em tratamento oncológico
Authors: Monteiro Amanda Suélen , Sehnem Graciela Dutra , Bugs Cíntia Vanuza Monteiro , Machado Anahy da Silva , Almeida Denise Comin Silva , Cogo Silvana Bastos , Neves Eliane Tatsch
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: descrever as percepções de mulheres jovens em tratamento oncológico. Método: estudo qualitativo descritivo desenvolvido nos ambulatórios de quimioterapia e radioterapia de um hospital universitário por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Participaram da pesquisa 20 mulheres jovens que realizavam tratamento oncológico. A coleta das entrevistas seguiu os preceitos éticos e foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da instituição, realizada no período de julho a setembro de 2021 e submetida à Análise Temática Indutiva de Conteúdo.Resultados: as participantes tinham idade entre 20 e 40 anos. A maioria apresentava diagnóstico de câncer de mama, linfoma de Hodgkin oucarcinoma de células escamosas moderadamente diferenciado de colo uterinoe vivenciava o tratamento oncológico pela primeira vez. Da análise dos depoimentos, emergiram três categorias: “A força e a coragem de pensar positivamente”; “Sentindo-se um peso: a introspecção como uma alternativa” e “A experiência de tratar um câncer: ressignificando conceitos e perspectivas futuras”. Considerações finais: as mulheres jovens em tratamento oncológico valorizam o pensamento positivo para enfrentar as peculiaridades inerentes a este processo, porém sentem incapacidade em desempenhar suas atividades cotidianase tiveram que lidar e redefinir seus próprios conceitos relativos ao futuro e suas perspectivas, atentando para o valor das pequenas coisas.
Desafios e potencialidades no cuidado aos adolescentes e suas famílias: percepção da equipe de saúde
Authors: Silva Thauane de Oliveira , Veivenberg Carmem Gress , Teston Elen Ferraz , Galera Sueli Aparecida Frari , Marques Fernanda Ribeiro Baptista , Marcheti Maria Angélica , Ciccone Giacon-Arruda Bianca Cristina
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: descrever os fatores que influenciam na prática do cuidado aos adolescentes em situações de vulnerabilidade e suas famílias no contexto da atenção primária. Metodologia: estudo qualitativo com 83 profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde de um município do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Os dados foram coletados no segundo semestre de 2018, por meio de nove grupos focais e analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: os determinantes sociais, a demora dos usuários pela busca dos serviços de saúde, a falta de estrutura física, os recursos humanos insuficientes e não capacitados para atender a população frente às vulnerabilidades vivenciadas e a falta de articulação entre os diferentes serviços da rede de cuidado são fatores que influenciam na prática de cuidado. Destacaram-se elementos que potencializam a assistência a esse público, como as atividades em grupo, a articulação do sistema de saúde com a escola, o vínculo entre profissional-paciente, os programas e os benefícios do governo. Considerações finais: são necessários investimentos do Estado em recursos materiais e de infraestrutura no que tange a ampliação e os espaços humanizados para abordagens dos profissionais, além de recursos humanos adequados e preparados para atender às necessidades de saúde dessa população em sua totalidade.
Chat sobre cateterismo gástrico como ferramenta para a aprendizagem em enfermagem pediátrica e neonatal
Authors: Delácio Mayara Condé Brondi , Mazzo Ligia de Lazzari , Delácio Natália Condé Brondi , Natarelli Taison Regis Penariol , Cassemiro Larissa Karoline Dias da Silva , Furtado Maria Cândida de Carvalho , Fonseca Luciana Mara Monti
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: Analisar a percepção dos estudantes de enfermagem a respeito do chat educacional sobre cateterismo gástrico em enfermagem pediátrica e neonatal. Método: Trata-se de um estudo documental retrospectivo com abordagem quali-quantitativa. Foram analisadas as avaliações preenchidas por 367 estudantes de graduação em Enfermagem de uma universidade pública do interior de São Paulo, após participação no chat educacional sobre cateterismo gástrico, no período de 2013 a 2022. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e, para análise e categorização das expressões escritas, foi utilizada a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: O chat educacional foi considerado uma atividade importante para o aprendizado (86,6%) e para a prática (98,4%), gerando no aluno a necessidade de mais sessões de chat sobre outros temas tanto nas disciplinas de saúde da criança e do adolescente quanto em outras disciplinas (80,6%). Os estudantes sentiram-se tão motivados com a atividade que consideraram que o tempo de duração poderia ser aumentado. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que o chat educacional sobre cateterismo gástrico na criança atingiu o objetivo proposto, construindo o conhecimento de forma coletiva, auxiliando na autonomia do estudante no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, segundo a percepção destes.
Gravidez e tecnologias móveis de saúde: análise de aplicativos para smartphones
Authors: Castrillon da Costa Faria Taimy , Christina de Paula Corrêa Áurea , Do Amor Divino Eveline , Pereira Borges Angélica , Antônio da Silva Ronaldo , Marien Knupp Medeiros Renata
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: analisar as características dos aplicativos móveis disponíveis para download em smartphones relativos ao período gestacional. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa realizado entre agosto e setembro de 2020 e atualizado em novembro de 2023 no sistema operacional Android e iOS. Resultados: foram incluídos e analisados 18 aplicativos, em que 72,22% eram destinados às mulheres grávidas, 66,67% desenvolvidos em outros países, 83,33% possuíam avaliação acima de quatro estrelas, 66,67% continham como assunto principal informações referentes ao pré-natal, 66,67% foram atualizados no último ano, 55,58% não apresentaram as referências consultadas para elaborar o conteúdo disponível e 83,33% não indicaram a participação de profissionais da saúde no seu desenvolvimento. Conclusão: salienta-se a necessidade de maior rigor na elaboração dos aplicativos voltados para a área da saúde, especialmente os relativos à gestação, com o intuito de assegurar que as informações disponíveis sejam confiáveis e tenham como embasamento recomendações científicas e as respectivas fontes acessadas.
Potências e limites do uso das redes sociais virtuais no quotidiano: tecnossocialidade em foco
Authors: Nascimento Leila Cristine , Figueiredo Stephanie Botelho , Campos Amanda Morais , Tafner Daniela Priscila Oliveira do Vale , Lanza Fernanda Moura , Viegas Selma Maria da Fonseca
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: compreender as potências e os limites da tecnossocialidade para a promoção da saúde no quotidiano de pessoas e famílias. Método: estudo de casos múltiplos holístico-qualitativo, fundamentado na Sociologia Compreensiva do Quotidiano com 61 participantes. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre abril e outubro de 2021.Resultados: as potências do uso de redes sociais se mostram no acesso à informação sobre saúde e autocuidado, na comunicação interpessoal e entretenimento, enfatiza-se a necessidade de autocontrole e educação para adequada utilização. Os limites se encontram em deixar de viver a realidade para viver o virtual; no uso excessivo favorecendo o adoecimento, automedicação, autodiagnóstico e sedentarismo; os prejuízos no convívio familiar; o impacto das redes sociais virtuais na saúde mental de usuários na pandemia de COVID-19; utilização restrita das redes sociais virtuais pelos profissionais para atenção e promoção da saúde.Considerações finais: torna-se imperativo formular estratégias para mitigar os limites do uso das redes sociais virtuais no quotidiano de pessoas e famílias, e ações para potencializar os benefícios, inclusive do uso nos serviços de saúde.
Recurrent Non Typhoidal Salmonella Infection of the Thyroglossal Duct Cyst in a Diabetic Patient - A Case Report
Authors: Moses S. P. , Chinniah T. R.
Published: February 2024

The occurrence of extra-intestinal Salmonella neck infections is uncommon, especially with non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS). We report a case of non-typhoidal Salmonella infection of a thyroglossal cyst in a 78-year-old diabetic woman admitted with gastroenteritis along with a neck swelling. The ultrasound revealed a thyroglossal cyst and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was done. Culture of the aspirate grew Salmonella species enterica subspecies enterica serogroup C. The patient was treated with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for 10 days on discharge. She was readmitted two months later with an increasing neck mass and FNAC was repeated. Culture of the aspirate grew Salmonella species enterica subspecies enterica serogroup C. She was treated with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for 5 days on discharge. Extra-intestinal infections, though uncommon, should be considered among immune-compromised patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms caused by Salmonella species.
Plitidepsin as an Immunomodulator against Respiratory Viral Infections
Authors: Losada Alejandro , Izquierdo-Useros Nuria , Aviles Pablo , Vergara-Alert Júlia , Latino Irene , Segalés Joaquim , Gonzalez Santiago F , Cuevas Carmen , Raïch-Regué Dàlia , Muñoz-Alonso María J , Perez-Zsolt Daniel , Muñoz-Basagoiti Jordana , Rodon Jordi , Chang Lauren A , Warang Prajakta , Singh Gagandeep , Brustolin Marco , Cantero Guillermo , Roca Núria , Pérez Mònica , Bustos-Morán Eugenio , White Kris , Schotsaert Michael , García-Sastre Adolfo
Published: February 2024

Plitidepsin is a host-targeted compound known for inducing a strong anti–SARS-CoV-2 activity, as well as for having the capacity of reducing lung inflammation. Because IL-6 is one of the main cytokines involved in acute respiratory distress syndrome, the effect of plitidepsin in IL-6 secretion in different in vitro and in vivo experimental models was studied. A strong plitidepsin-mediated reduction of IL-6 was found in human monocyte-derived macrophages exposed to nonproductive SARS-CoV-2. In resiquimod (a ligand of TLR7/8)–stimulated THP1 human monocytes, plitidepsin-mediated reductions of IL-6 mRNA and IL-6 levels were also noticed. Additionally, although resiquimod-induced binding to DNA of NF-κB family members was unaffected by plitidepsin, a decrease in the regulated transcription by NF-κB (a key transcription factor involved in the inflammatory cascade) was observed. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of p65 that is required for full transcriptional NF-κB activity was significantly reduced by plitidepsin. Moreover, decreases of IL-6 levels and other proinflammatory cytokines were also seen in either SARS-CoV-2 or H1N1 influenza virus–infected mice, which were treated at low enough plitidepsin doses to not induce antiviral effects. In summary, plitidepsin is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of viral infections, not only because of its host-targeted antiviral effect, but also for its immunomodulatory effect, both of which were evidenced in vitro and in vivo by the decrease of proinflammatory cytokines.
Single-Cell Analysis Reveals a Subset of High IL-12p40–Secreting Dendritic Cells within Mouse Bone Marrow–Derived Macrophages Differentiated with M-CSF
Authors: Bridges Kate , Pizzurro Gabriela A , Khunte Mihir , Chen Meibin , Salvador Rocha Erick , Alexander Amanda F , Bass Victor , Kellman Laura N , Baskaran Janani , Miller-Jensen Kathryn
Published: February 2024

Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), although ontogenetically distinct, have overlapping functions and exhibit substantial cell-to-cell heterogeneity that can complicate their identification and obscure innate immune function. In this study, we report that M-CSF–differentiated murine bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs) exhibit extreme heterogeneity in the production of IL-12, a key proinflammatory cytokine linking innate and adaptive immunity. A microwell secretion assay revealed that a small fraction of BMDMs stimulated with LPS secrete most IL-12p40, and we confirmed that this is due to extremely high expression of Il12b, the gene encoding IL-12p40, in a subset of cells. Using an Il12b-YFP reporter mouse, we isolated cells with high LPS-induced Il12b expression and found that this subset was enriched for genes associated with the DC lineage. Single-cell RNA sequencing data confirmed a DC-like subset that differentiates within BMDM cultures that is transcriptionally distinct but could not be isolated by surface marker expression. Although not readily apparent in the resting state, upon LPS stimulation, this subset exhibited a typical DC-associated activation program that is distinct from LPS-induced stochastic BMDM cell-to-cell heterogeneity. Overall, our findings underscore the difficulty in distinguishing macrophages and DCs even in widely used in vitro murine BMDM cultures and could affect the interpretation of some studies that use BMDMs to explore acute inflammatory responses.
High-density Fan-Out Chip on Substrate using M-Series (TM) and Adaptive Patterning® Technology
Authors: Davis Robin , San Jose Benedict , Hunt John , Chen Chia-Pin
Published: February 2024

As silicon technology nodes advance and wafer costs increase, there is a strong incentive to shrink die size and concurrently, die pad pitch. This increased density typically drives higher cost advanced substrates with finer lines and spaces and potentially more layers. As a result of recent constraints on the substrate supply chain, this creates serious availability and cost concerns. A compelling solution is to use fan-out on substrate technology to increase the effective die pad pitch, allowing the use of simpler, lower layer count substrates.

ASE used this single die Fan Out Chip on Substrate (FOCoS) approach in engineering and qualification builds starting in 2017 with a traditional fan-out solution. However, with increasing interconnect density, the conventional approach is limited in its ability to work with small bond pad pitches as the die shift during molding creates challenges for manufacturing. An oversized capture pad is often utilized to accommodate this shift and in one prominent case, an additional Cu layer is required. M-series’ use of Adaptive Patterning eliminates the need for oversized capture pads through a unique design-during-manufacturing process which precisely aligns the package interconnect layers to the actual location of each die after molding.

This paper will examine the design and manufacturing of a FOCoS package using 4nm silicon through the cooperation of Deca and ASE. The design fans out the interface of a 12mm x 12mm die with 6,000 IO using a single RDL layer and 5 µm line and space. The die has a core pitch of 150µm with an average periphery pitch of 90µm. The resultant M-series flip-chip bumps have a core pitch of 150µm over 75% of the die area with a secondary pitch of 212µm encompassing the remaining perimeter of the die and the 30% body size growth provided by the fan-out region. The relaxed pitch provided by M-series fan-out opens the possibility to use the most cost-effective, readily available type of laminate substrate.
Universal Chiplet Interconnect Express Г (UCIeГ)
Authors: Chaudhry Vik
Published: February 2024

Align Industry around an open platform to enable chiplet based solutions.

Enables construction of SoCs that exceed maximum reticle size

-Package becomes new System-on-a-Chip (SoC) with same dies (Scale Up)

-Reduces time-to-solution (e.g., enables die reuse)

-Lowers portfolio cost (product & project)

-Enables optimal process technologies

-Smaller (better yield)

-Reduces IP porting costs

-Lowers product SKU cost

-Enables a customizable, standard-based product for specific use cases (bespoke solutions)

-Scales innovation (manufacturing and process locked IPs)
High -yield Fabrication of Thin Glass Interposers
Authors: Nelson Shelby F. , Levy David H. , Liddle Kyle , Borrelli Patrick
Published: February 2024

Thin glass substrates with through vias (TGV) have excellent properties for a new generation of interposers. Glass has a large bulk resistance and low loss at high frequency (RF, mmWave). Physically, it is moisture insensitive, highly dimensionally stable, and has a thermal expansion coefficient that can be tailored to match silicon. The surface of as-received glass has roughness below 1 nm, like silicon wafers, and thus supports fine line/space patterning and advanced processes like damascene.

A key focus of our current work involves metallizing thin glass interposers with TGVs, including both copper electroplating of TGVs and patterning of redistribution layers. We demonstrate void-free fill for vias ranging from in aspect ratio from 2:1 to 8:1, in a bottoms-up process like that used for through silicon vias. The vias are hermetic by helium leak detection, even after annealing in some cases to 450C.

Since thin (≤ 200 micron) free-standing glass substrates are difficult to handle in current fabs, we discuss an advanced temporary bond approach using silicon or glass handles which enables high-yield processing. The bond is robust to temperatures exceeding 400 °C, and creates handle/glass stacks with total thickness variation (TTV) similar to that of a silicon wafer. The end result is a bonded pair that can be processed like a silicon wafer, with a simple mechanical debond to yield the processed thin glass. We discuss the bond and debond processes, showing the ability to control the bond strength. Data on the bonded glass stack resistance to various processing steps will also be shown.
Advanced Packaging Technology for High Density Silicon Photonics Transceiver Engines
Authors: De Dobbelaere Peter
Published: February 2024

Next generation high-density/high-data rate silicon photonics solutions will require advanced packaging technologies. Those include 3D integration, smaller micro-bumps or even bump-less chip-to-chip/wafer bonding technologies, advanced heatsinking and compatibility with optical packaging technologies. We will discuss results on wafer level optical assembly, 3D silicon photonics and future options to support the optical interconnect roadmap.
FOWLP and Flip Chip Cost Comparison: Impact of the Supply Chain Crunch
Authors: Lujan Amy P.
Published: February 2024

The impact of the pandemic on the semiconductor and electronics packaging supply chains has been in the news for over a year now. Current projections suggest the supply chain crunch could impact various industries through 2022 and 2023.

While there are many ramifications of this shortage, one is certainly the impact on cost. Pricing for packages built with more mature technologies, such as wire bond and flip chip, has changed dramatically. Both of these mature technologies have typically been seen as lower cost options than newer technologies, such as fan-out wafer level packaging (FOWLP). Due to the recent shortages, the cost comparison is no longer as straight-forward as it was before.

This paper will analyze the cost of building various packages using flip chip, wire bond, and FOWLP technologies. Factory overhead, indirect costs, and profit margins will be taken into account to turn this into a price comparison, rather than just a comparison of direct costs. The analyses will include the price of a package built using FOWLP technology, the price of flip chip and wire bond packages built before recent supply chain disruptions, and the new expected prices of flip chip and wire bond packages.

Activity based cost modeling will be used for this analysis. This is a bottom-up, detailed approach to cost that accounts for the many cost components associated with every step of the process flow, such as material, labor, and capital depreciation. The goal of this analysis is to understand how supply chain disruptions have changed the cost parity points of wire bond, flip chip, and FOWLP packages.
Infectious keratitis after photorefractive keratectomy, femtosecond-LASIK and lenticule extraction in a 100,000-eye case series
Authors: Leccisotti Antonio , Fields Stefania V. , De Bartolo Giuseppe , Crudale Christian
Published: February 2024

This study evaluates the incidence and outcome of infectious keratitis after laser vision correction by photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), femtosecond LASIK, and keratorefractive lenticule extraction (KLEx) in a retrospective, consecutive, single-institute series. Patients with presumed infectious keratitis between 2011 and 2023 were analyzed. In PRK, manual deepithelialization was done, and mitomycin C was used with spherical equivalents greater than 3 diopters. Femtosecond LASIK and KLEx were performed with an LDV Ziemer laser; the interface was rinsed in both techniques. All treatments received post-operative netilmicin eyedrops. Finally, 106269 eyes of 54278 patients were included; 6 eyes of 6 patients were identified as having infectious keratitis (3 by staphylococci, 3 culture-negative). The overall incidence of infectious keratitis was 0.0056% (0.0164% after PRK, 0.0023% after femtosecond LASIK, 0.1366% after KLEx; Chi2 p<0.00001). The odds ratio for PRK compared to LASIK was 7.2 (p=0.0307); for KLEx compared to LASIK 59.7 (p=0.0008). Presentation after KLEx (2 days) was earlier than after PRK (5, 4, and 5 days) and LASIK (6 and 4 days). In all cases, hourly fortified cefazolin and tobramycin eyedrops were used, with a good response: 3 eyes maintained a 20/20 uncorrected visual acuity; 2 eyes 20/20 with myopic astigmatism; 1 eye ended 20/25 with correction because of irregular astigmatism. In conclusion, infectious keratitis was a rare complication, more common after KLEx and less common after femtosecond-LASIK. Only 3/6 cases had a positive culture. All the cases in our series had a favorable outcome.
New History of South Africa
Authors: Thomas Cornelius
Published: February 2024

No abstract available.
Contradictions of community within local government in the 1950s with reference to municipal beer trading
Authors: Atkinson Doreen
Published: February 2024

Hierdie artikel beskryf die etiese dilemmas waarin munisipale amptenare in die 1950s hulleself bevind het, veral rakende die munisipale bierbrouery in die swart woongebiede. Hierdie ervarings illustreer die patriargale verhoudings tussen swart en blanke gemeenskappe, en die paternalistiese politieke denke van hierdie era. Die onderliggende probleem was dat blanke amptenare probeer het om swart inwoners se reg om bier te gebruik binne ’n konteks van inheemse gemeenskapsreg verstaan het, en nie as ’n vorm van moderne, indiwiduele regte nie. Drie hooftemas word hier geanaliseer: bierbrouery as ’n teenvoeter vir probleme van moderniteit en sosiale discipline; die rol van kulturele verskille wat patriargale sisteme van beheer aangemoedit het; en die morele probleme van winste as gevolg van bierbrouery, in ’n konteks van paternalisme. Die artikel beskryf hoe die munisipale amptenare hulle morele besware uiteindelik oorkom het, in ’n konteks van Verwoerdiaanse voorskrifte op munisipale segregasie en rassedominasie.
From “struggle” to “post-revolutionary” politics: The National Party, the African National Congress, and the “great rapprochement”
Authors: Furlong Patrick J.
Published: February 2024

Die Nasionale Party as regerende party onder Suid-Afrika se apartheidsbestel, en sy langtydse teenstander en navolger, die African National Congress, blyk onwaarskynlike onderwerpe vir ‘n vergelyking: Die een verwant aan, en bekend vir, bekrompe etniese “verregse” nasionalisme, militante anti-Kommunisme, rassisme, en deur sommige kritici ge-etiketeer as te assosieer met afwisselende kwasie-fascisme. Die ander: Die ANC, as ‘n politieke groepering met vae sosialistiese neigings en langdurige bande met die Kommunistiese Party. Tog het beide die NP en die ANC baie in gemeen. Beide het ontwikkel in ‘n tyd van oorloë: Byvoorbeeld die Suid-Afrikaanse Oorlog, die Wêreldoorloë, en ‘n langdurige stryd teen ‘n vorm van blanke heerskappy. Albei het ook vir jare hulself aangebied as buitengewone politieke party binne ‘n nasionalistiese grondslag (NP: Veral die wit Afrikaan en die ANC: Veral die swart Afrikaan) en as bewegings gemoeid met ‘n revolusionêre stryd teen ‘n onderdrukkende stelsel (NP: Teen Britse kolonialisme en die ANC: Teen apartheid). Voorts was albei ondubbelsinnig teenoor grootskaalse kapitalisme. Toe beide hierdie politieke groeperinge in ‘n stadium aan bewind gekom het, het elk ’n meer pragmatiese vorm van politiek gevolg, ‘n wyer steunbasis gesoek, en hulle aangepas by die voorskrifte van die wêreldkapitalisme. Tog het geeneen heeltemal ontslae geraak van die “strydpolitiek” nie. Dit sluit in ‘n beperkte geduld met direkte kritiek, of standpunte oor, die desentralisasie van gesag, asook die neiging om terug te val op groepsidentiteit en ‘n sterk afkeer te toon vir individualistiese liberalisme. Ondertussen het die NP tot niet gegaan, en heelwat van die oorblyfsels daarvan is deur die ANC verswelg. In vele opsigte beklemtoon hierdie historiese gegewe in welke mate hierdie “ou vyande” met mekaar in gemeen gehad het.
Entrepreneur, social capital and the survival of Afrikaner business on the Witwatersrand, 1930–2007: The case of Burgers Brothers Clothing enterprise
Authors: Verhoef Grietjie
Published: February 2024

Die ekonomiese afswaaifase van die 1930s is verswaar deur die geweldige droogte, plae en peste in die landbou en toenemnde verarming onder blanke Suid-Afrikaners. Verstedeliking het een oorlewingstrategie gebied. Ty Burgers het ‘n klerewinkel begin met as teikenmark die verarmde blankes veral verarmde Afrikaners op die Witwatersrand. Hierdie artikel maak gebruik van sosiale kapitaalteorie om die vestiging van nuwe netwerke deur die Burgers onderneming in die sake-omgewing te verduidelik, waardeur die oorlewing van die Afrikaneronderneming bewerkstellin is.Die Burgers onderneming moes vestig te midde van sterk mededinging in die klere- en modebedryf in Johannesburg. Mededinging is veral gebied deur Indiër- en Joodse handelaars. Die Burgers familiebesigheid het homself baie vernuftig geposisioneer tussen die Afrikaner kultuur- en politieke netwerk en die Joodse sakenetwerk sedert die vestigingsjare. Burgers het die voorkeurverskaffer geword van klerasie aan die Afrikaners in Johannesburg, asook later vir skoolklere en sportdrag. Die artikel ondersoek die ontwikkeling van die besturstrategie van die Burgers familiebesigheid sedert die na-oorlogse jare van mededingende nasionalisme in Johannesburg. Die opvolgstrategie en die impak daarvan op die onderneming word ook bespreek.
The uses of history
Authors: Giliomee Hermann
Published: February 2024

Op drie maniere kan die studie van geskiedenis tot nut van mense wees. In die eerste plek kan dit hulle help om `n behoorlike besef te kry van hul onderskeie afkoms en erfenis. Geskiedenis leer mense nie hoe om op te tree of suksesvol te wees nie, maar wie hulle is. Die artikel onderskryf hierdie standpunt maar ondersoek ook ander moontlikhede om die waarde van geskiedenis te bepaal. Die een is dat die geskiedenis politici kan help om hardnekkige probleme op te los wat hul wortels in die geskiedenis het. Die probleem hiermee is dat maghebbers die geskiedenis verwring om hul eie siening van historiese probleme af te dwing. Historici moet hierdie taktiek aan die kaak stel. Derdens is daar die geloof dat geskiedenis kan help om beter toekomstige ontwikkelinge te antisipeer. `n Studie van die geskiedenis kan ook mense help om meer voorbereid vir die toekoms te wees. Die geskiedenis is egter nooit voorspelbaar nie. Mense word telkens verras deur onverwagte wendinge. Die bespreking wil hierdie hindernisse in die waarde van geskiedenis uitlig.
Towards a Grieving Church: Theo-ethical considerations for homophobic violence in South Africa
Authors: Mdokwana Ayanda
Published: February 2024

Hetero-masculine violence in South Africa continues to be an obstacle to peace. As indicated by crime statistics in South Africa, heterosexual women, heterosexual men and LGBTQI+ community have been victims of murder. Many continue to be victims of sexual violence as a result of hetero-masculine violence. While some Christian confessional traditions in South Africa have evolved and have become more welcoming to the LGBTQI+ community, this evolution has not made much difference to the public violence the LGBTQI+ community is exposed to in South Africa. Using the intersections of Caputo’s radical ethics and Meiring’s body theology, I propose a new theological framework that will assist and encourage confessional ecclesiological traditions in South Africa to deal with their own internal contradictions influenced by masculinist heterosexist discourse. This is an attempt to meaningfully contribute to the discourse on violence experienced by the LGBTQI+ community in South Africa. This article contends that the intersections of body theology and radical ethics assist ecclesiological traditions to recognise and embrace the fragility of metaphysics even in the face of discomfort. I argue that the exercise of continuously embracing the fragility of metaphysics assists ecclesiological traditions to be open to their own flaws. This gives them an authentic voice to constantly reconstruct and effectively speak out against the rejection of and violence perpetuated against the LGBTQIA+ community in South Africa.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This paper draws on conversations from Christian theology, ethics and their engagement with LGBTQI+ and public homophobic violence in South Africa.
Reverend Frank Chikane as a catalyst for shifts in Pentecostal beliefs and practices
Authors: Masuku Mnyalaza T.
Published: February 2024

Reverend Frank Chikane represented shifts in Pentecostal beliefs and practices. He found it difficult to accept Christians who spoke in tongues on Sundays but oppressed others on Mondays. He found this hypocrisy to be the worst contradiction he had to contend with. He recognised the separation of spiritual, physical and social. He divided the church’s service to the world into three categories. The first is the ‘status quo’, that is the church, which ensures stability as long as the political system gives it space to proclaim the gospel. He called the second category ‘passage theology’. This refers to those who see themselves as passers-by in this troubled world, and therefore do not care about the politics of this world. The third category is the ‘involvement’ category. Of these three categories, Chikane chose the third. Based on the category of involvement, the author argues that Chikane is the epitome of shifts in Pentecostal beliefs and practices. To this end, the author will uncover and examine the core beliefs and practices of Pentecostalism, setting out the factors that gave rise to Chikane and also highlighting those that mark shifts in his spiritual agency. In the end, the author concludes that Chikane is indeed a catalyst for shifts in the practice of the African Pentecostal tradition today. The pattern of methodological approach followed in this article is the study of synthesised literature from libraries, particularly the sources that assisted me to gain insight into Chikane.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article argues that Rev. Frank Chikane, through his ministry praxis, epitomises shifts in Pentecostal beliefs and practices. Although it is located in the field of missiology, it also has interdisciplinary implications for disciplines such as sociology, practical theology, and church history.
Baxter’s Nerve Entrapment: The Missing Nerve
Authors: Choudhary Shivani , Sathe Abhinav , Kumar D. Vijay
Published: February 2024

Baxter’s neuropathy is a rare condition that has often been overlooked in the realm of peripheral nerve disorders. This brief communication aims to shed light on the elusive nature of Baxter’s neuropathy, emphasizing the significance of recognizing and understanding this condition for proper diagnosis and management. By addressing this “missing nerve,” we hope to contribute to improved patient outcomes and enhance the overall understanding of peripheral nerve pathologies.
Prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths among women of reproductive age in Mwaluphamba, Kwale
Authors: Ngui Samuel M. , Mwangangi Joseph M. , Richter Joachim , Ngunjiri Josephine W.
Published: February 2024

Objective:

To assess the epidemiology of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among women of reproductive age in Mwaluphamba, Kwale County, Kenya.

Methods:

A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed to randomly sample 422 women of reproductive age (15-<50 years) from four villages in Mwaluphamba location. Stool specimens were collected and examined using the Kato-Katz method, while filtration technique was used to analyze urine specimens. Participants’ sociodemographic details were obtained using a standardized questionnaire.

Results:

Urinary schistosomiasis prevalence was at 4.7% (20/422, 95% CI 2.8%-6.9%) while the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis infection was 4.5% (19/422, 95% CI 2.6%-6.7%). The infection intensities of urinary schistosomiasis among the study participants ranged from 1 to 120 eggs/10 mL of urine with median egg count of 18.45 eggs/10 mL. The patients were diagnosed with light infection, of 56.16 egg/gram and 48.48 egg/gram for Trichuris trichiura and hookworms, respectively. Women without latrines had 15.7 times higher risk of having urinary schistosomiasis compared to those with a latrine. Similarly, use of surface water (aOR=1.0, 95% CI 0.2-1.4, P=0.010) and crossing the river to go to a place (aOR=1.1, 95% CI 0.3-1.6, P=0.009) were statistically significant risk factors for getting urinary schistosomiasis. In bivariable regression analysis, defecating around the water source (OR=4.3, 95% CI 1.5-12.9) had a statistically significant association with the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis (P=0.008).

Conclusions:

This study has given an insight on the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Mwaluphamba location that form a basis for strengthening the control and elimination programmes for these neglected tropical diseases.
New-insight UVB Treatment for Psoriasis Vulgaris in Vietnamese Patients
Authors: Minh Phuong Pham Thi , Minh Trang Trinh , Thi Phuong Hoang , Ha Giang Quach Thi , Thi Tra Bui , Tirant Michael , Huu Doanh Le
Published: February 2024

Background:

Narrowband UVB (NBUVB) has recently been used in Vietnam for the treatment of psoriasis. However, there are no data on Vietnamese patients to adopt a uniform national protocol.

Objectives:

This study aimed to establish an optimal NBUVB therapy for the treatment of psoriasis in Vietnamese patients.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and twenty-two patients with psoriasis vulgaris were included. They were randomly allocated to two groups: the percentage dose (group 1, 62 patients) and the fixed dose (group 2, 60 patients). In group 1, the starting dose was 50% of the minimal erythema dose (MED) and the 10% increment dose adjusted in the next sessions. In group 2, the starting dose was based on Fitzpatrick skin types (fixed dose). Psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) was used to evaluate efficacy.

Results:

More than 68% of the patients get PASI75 at session 36. Group 2 had significantly fewer sessions (20 ± 5 vs 25 ± 7, P- value = 0.0004) and lower cumulative dose than group 1 (14.1 ± 4.3 J/cm2 vs 18.0 ± 8.0 J/cm2, P- value = 0.0075) to achieve PASI75. Adverse effects were more common in group 2 than group 1, including burning sensation/erythema (43.33% vs 14.52%, P- value = 0.0009) and pruritus (75.00% vs 22.58%, P- value <0.0001).

Conclusion:

NBUVB therapy was safe and effective for Vietnamese psoriasis patients. Fixed doses produced a quicker clinical response with fewer sessions and lower cumulative doses. Adverse effects were mild in both groups and less noted for the MED-based dose. For the recommendation, a fixed dose should be applied for patients who have less concern about side effects, while a MED-based dose can be suitable for patients having conditions related to light sensitivity.
The Correlation between Serum Vitamin D and Total IgE Levels and Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria among Chinese Population: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Liu Jia , Wang Fudong , Cao Hui , Wang Yulan , Liang Furong , Jiang Shuling , Zhang Haofeng , Luo Jingying
Published: February 2024

Objective:

This study aims to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D, total IgE levels and chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU).

Methods:

We collected data from 101 patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (experimental group) and 115 healthy normal subjects (control group) in the same period of physical examination.

Results:

The results showed that the number of deficient and absolute deficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the experimental group was significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the activity score of CSU patients was negatively correlated with serum vitamin D (r = −0.2278, P = 0.0220) and positively correlated with IgE (r = 0.2078, P = 0.0380). It was observed that serum vitamin D in CSU patients was negatively correlated with their activity (r = −0.2278, P = 0.0220) and positively correlated with age (r = 0.2675, P = 0.0069). The Point-biserial correlation analysis revealed that gender was positively correlated with serum vitamin D (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.286, P = 0.004) and UAS score (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.273, P = 0.006). Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that only serum vitamin D was correlated to activity scores (P = 0.008). In addition to activity scores, age (P = 0.005) and gender (P = 0.04) were correlated to serum vitamin D.

Conclusion:

The activity score of CSU patients was negatively correlated with serum vitamin D and positively correlated with IgE. Serum vitamin D in CSU patients was negatively correlated with activity score and disease duration and positively correlated with age and gender.
Global Scientific Overview of Dermatology Related to COVID-19: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Cabanillas-Lazo Miguel , Quispe-Vicuña Carlos , Cruzalegui-Bazán Claudia , Valencia-Martinez Juan C. , Pacheco-Mendoza Josmel , Mayta-Tovalino Frank
Published: February 2024

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a significant impact on dermatology, but to date no bibliometric analysis of this field has been identified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a bibliometric indicator analysis of the worldwide scientific production of COVID-19 in dermatology.

Materials and Methods:

An advanced bibliographic search was performed in the Scopus database to identify articles on COVID-19 and dermatology from 2020 to 2021. The collected information was analysed with SciVal software. Bibliometric data were described through figures and summary tables.

Results:

A total of 1448 documents were collected and analysed. Torello Lotti was the author with the greatest scientific production; however, Esther Freeman had the greatest impact. Harvard University was the institution with the highest number of published articles. Most papers were published in the first quartiles. The United States and Italy were the leading countries in terms of production. Articles with international collaboration had the highest impact.

Conclusion:

Articles related to dermatology and COVID-19 are mostly published with American and Italian affiliations. In addition, there has been an increase in the distribution of articles published in the first quartile, which would reflect a growing interest in the community. Publications with international collaboration reported the highest impact, so future authors should take this into account.
Disseminate and Recurrent Infundibular Folliculitis: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Meng Qifeng , Li Qunyan , Wang Yingdong , Li Haoran , Zhang Yu
Published: February 2024

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 1 case of disseminate and recurrent infundibular folliculitis (DRIF) in our hospital and 31 cases of DRIF reported in previous domestic and international studies. There were 32 cases, including 22 males and 10 females, with a mean age of onset of 24.72 ± 13.68 years. Skin lesions were more likely to occur on the trunk and proximal extremities and may involve the face, neck, and genitals. Typical histopathology revealed mild thickening and spongy edema of the spinous layer, different degrees of pigmentation increase in the basal layer, and mild to moderate spongy edema and inflammatory cell infiltration (predominantly lymphocytes and neutrophils) in the infundibulum and around the hair follicle. DRIF is a chronic disease more prevalent in young men of African descent and individuals with Fitzpatrick skin types 4–6. This disease is diagnosed based on clinical features and histopathology and is preferentially treated with retinoids.
The Hidden Battle Within: Shedding Light on the Co-existence of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity among Participants with Type 2 Diabetes in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Gujarat
Authors: Yogesh M , Mody Mansi , Makwana Naresh , Rabadiya Samarth , Patel Jenish , Shah Samyak
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia due to abnormal insulin secretion and/or utilisation. Currently, sarcopenia has emerged as a new complication of T2DM, which increases the risk of physical disability, and even death. The study aims to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity (SO) as well as their association with various other factors related to T2DM.

Methods:

The study was an observational hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted among diabetic patients who came to the non-communicable diseases (NCD) clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat, India, from April 2023 to June 2023. Adult patients with T2DM attending follow-ups were included, with a diagnosis of T2DM for at least 1 year from the date of their electronic medical records, regardless of their mode of therapeutic treatment. They were on regular medical reviews with two or more visits to the study site in the past 1 year. Then a self-structured standard questionnaire was used to collect the data, containing socio-demographic characteristics, clinical profiles, anthropometric assessment (comprising weight, height and body mass index [BMI]), bio-impedance indices like body fat%, skeletal muscle% and handgrip by hand dynamometer.

Results:

In the study, a total of 404 participants participated. Their mean age was 55 ± 13.5 years and their mean body fat (BF) % was 30 ± 7.4%. BF%-defined obesity was found in 260 (64.4%) participants. A total of 362 (89.6%) had possible sarcopenia, 183 (45.3%) had sarcopenia and 124 (30.7%) had SO. Age (OR: 2.6, CI: 1.7–3.9), duration of diabetes for more than 7 years (OR: 7.5, CI: 3.65–15.4) and BF%-defined obesity (OR: 2.2, CI: 3.6–15) were statistically associated with Sarcopenia, in similar pattern age (OR: 2.4, CI: 1.5–3.7), and duration of diabetes more than 7 years (OR: 18.9, CI: 5.7–62) were associated with SO (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Older age, longer diabetes duration and BF%-defined obesity are associated with an increased likelihood of developing sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. Healthcare providers should prioritise regular screening for sarcopenia and SO in elderly individuals with diabetes to facilitate early detection and intervention.
Fostering Excellence in Endocrinology Research: The Inaugural Edition of the Yuvaratna Awards of the Endocrine Society of India
Authors: Nagendra Lakshmi , Mondal Sunetra
Published: February 2024

The Endocrine Society of India (ESI) has introduced a new award, the Yuvaratna Awards, for recognizing the best research conducted by recently graduated endocrinologists across the country. This research should be carried out independently and not as part of or as a continuation of work initiated during residency. Two distinct categories were established: one for individuals working in academic institutions and another for those employed in private hospitals. This distinction acknowledges the unique benefits and challenges faced in both settings. This initiative serves as an excellent means to foster and promote research enthusiasm among young endocrinologists. This article elaborates on our firsthand experience as participants in the inaugural session of this award and delves into how it influenced our motivation for further research.
Students’ knowledge and attitude concerning organ donation at Iraqi nursing colleges
Authors: Majeed Haider Mohammed , Hassan Ahmed Fleih , Mousa Ayad Majid
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

Organ transplantation is an effective therapy for end-stage organ failure. However, there is a large gap between the need for and the supply of donor organs.

OBJECTIVES:

This study aimed to assess nursing students’ knowledge and attitudes about organ donation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This is a descriptive cross-sectional design study. The study was conducted at four faculties of nursing, which were Baghdad, Misan, Tikrit, and Kirkuk in Iraq. The three tools included are as follows: I: Socio-Demographic Questionnaire; II: Organ-Tissue Donation and Transplantation Knowledge Scale (ODTKS); and III: Organ Donation Attitude Scale (ODAS).

RESULTS:

More than two-thirds (71%) of the studied students have an accepted level of knowledge, while 70% of the studied students had a positive attitude toward organ donation and transplantation. There were statistically significant differences (P- value <0.05) between socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge level regarding gender, marital status, and academic year. Also, there were significant differences between socio-demographic characteristics and students’ attitude levels regarding gender and academic year.

CONCLUSION:

More than two-thirds of students had a good and fair level of knowledge and a positive attitude toward organ donation and transplantation. Providing lectures within the curriculum is needed for students to raise their knowledge and attitude about organ transplantation and donation.
Exploring the bioethical implications of using artificial intelligence in writing research proposals
Authors: Shivananda S. , Doddawad Vidya Gowdappa , Vidya C. S. , Chandrakala J.
Published: February 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has great potential to assist researchers in writing research proposals, by generating hypotheses, identifying literature, and suggesting methods for data collection and analysis. However, the use of AI in research proposal writing raises important bioethical implications, including the unintentional propagation of bias and questions about the role of human expertise and judgment in the research process. This paper explores the ethical implications of using AI in research proposal writing and proposes guidelines for the responsible and ethical use of AI in this context. The paper will review the potential benefits and challenges associated with using AI in research proposal writing, discuss the role of human expertise and judgment, and propose guidelines for promoting transparency and accountability in developing and using AI systems. Ultimately, addressing the bioethical issues related to AI in research proposal writing will require ongoing dialogue and collaboration between stakeholders, as well as a commitment to transparency, accountability, and ethical principles.
On the long-time behavior of compressible fluid flows excited by random forcing
Authors: Breit Dominic , Feireisl Eduard , Hofmanová Martina
Published: February 2024

We are concerned with the long-time behavior of the stochastic Navier–Stokes system for compressible fluids in dimensions two and three. In this setting, the part of the phase space occupied by the solution depends sensitively on the choice of the initial state. Our main results are threefold. (i) The kinetic energy of a solution is universally and asymptotically bounded, independent of the initial datum. (ii) Time shifts of a solution with initially controlled energy are asymptotically compact and generate an entire solution defined for all

t\in R

. (iii) Every solution with initially controlled energy generates a stationary solution and even an ergodic stationary solution on the closure of the convex hull of its

\omega

-limit set on the space of measures on the path space.