bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Virtual Reality Technology for Learning Mechanical Skills
Authors: Susilo Anto , Barra Ling , Wang Yuanyuan
Published: November 2024

Background: With the technological landscape in education shifting rapidly, Virtual Reality presents a novel approach to practical skill development, particularly in mechanical engineering. This study explores the potential of Virtual Reality to enhance the learning of specific mechanical skills, such as Mechanical Skills, which are crucial in the increasingly automated industry. The main objective of this research was to assess the effectiveness of Virtual Reality technology in teaching mechanical skills compared to traditional hands-on methods. The study employed a quasi-experimental design involving 100 mechanical engineering students from two universities. Using conventional training methods, which included [insert specific methods], participants were randomly assigned to a VIRTUAL REALITY training group and a control group. Both groups were tested on their ability to perform specific mechanical tasks, such as [insert specific tasks], before and after the training sessions. The Virtual Reality group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in performance accuracy and speed compared to the control group. Post-study surveys also indicated higher satisfaction and engagement levels among the Virtual Reality group. The findings suggest that Virtual Reality technology can significantly enhance the learning of mechanical skills, offering a more effective and engaging approach than traditional methods. The potential of Virtual Reality to revolutionize mechanical engineering education is inspiring, offering a new and exciting way to teach and acquire practical skills.
Ethical Perspective of The Usage of Genetic Editing For Cosmetic Purposes
Authors: Vattikuti Akshita
Published: November 2024

Gene editing is a new and upcoming technology used to alter the genetic makeup of organisms. Due to its popularity, gene editing technologies come with many ethical debates, social norms, and beliefs that analyze their importance and usage. This paper will explore the potential implementation of genetic engineering in the cosmetic industry by analyzing professional opinions and past implementations. The paper examines current cosmetic procedures like in vitro fertilization and plastic surgery, before delving into the ethical debates surrounding designer babies and germline editing for cosmetic-related traits. Some key risks identified and discussed include off-target effects, the complexity of the gene network, and the potential unintended consequences of altering pleiotropic genes. The paper also discusses recent advancements in prediction methods, such as in silico tools, aimed at reducing the risks associated with gene editing. Through a synthesis of numerous arguments, the use of this up-and-coming technology in cosmetics was deemed too risky in our current state but with more research and careful oversight, it could be a possibility in the future.
Randomized Pilot Study Examining an Online Diet Intervention to Increase Intake of Fruits and Vegetables Among Healthy Adults
Authors: Kolb Diana E. , Deemer Sarah E. , Synkowski Evaclaire , Silveira Stephanie L.
Published: November 2024

Intake of fruits and vegetables (F&V) is related to health outcomes. The purpose of the study was to test an online diet program promoting F&V intake among healthy adults. Twenty-three participants were randomly assigned to complete an 8-week intervention condition (#800gChallenge®) or wait-list control condition. In weeks 1-4, intervention participants were asked to interact with an application reporting (a) whether they met their daily 800g F&V goal, (b) if their 800g of F&V was from a variety of sources, and (c) reading of daily educational material. Weeks 1-4 included weekly Zoom check-in meetings. Weeks 5-8 were autonomous, wherein participants reported in the application information regarding their 800g F&V goal. At baseline, 4-weeks, and 8-weeks, the participants were prompted to complete three Automated Self-Administered Dietary Assessment tool (ASA24) 24-hour diet recalls for generating Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores indicating diet quality. A two-way ANOVA was used to examine differences between the intervention and control groups in HEI total score, total vegetable, total fruit, and whole fruit component scores at baseline, 4-weeks, and 8-weeks. While no statistically significant differences in HEI scores were observed between groups, the intervention group showed promising improvements over the 8-week period. Notably, the intervention group increased their mean HEI total score, along with substantial gains in their total vegetable and total fruit consumption, indicating the intervention’s potential for promoting healthier dietary patterns. These findings underscore the need for ongoing research to develop eHealth interventions of optimal duration and intensity that can drive meaningful improvements in the health of adults with poor diet quality.
Análisis de indicadores financieros en Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito del segmento 2 de la Economía Popular y Solidaria en Ecuador: Evolución y tendencias 2012-2019
Authors: Vallejo Mogrovejo Andrea
Published: November 2024

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el Segmento 2 de La Economía Popular y Solidaria (EPS) en Ecuador, definido en el Art. 283 de la Constitución (2008). Desde entonces, este modelo económico ha crecido, destacando la cooperación sobre la individualidad. Utilizando un enfoque cuantitativo y una metodología analítica, el estudio busca determinar si el Segmento 2 ha experimentado crecimiento durante los años analizados.
El análisis se basa en datos de 41 cooperativas pertenecientes a este segmento. Para la parte estadística, se empleó una base de datos simplificada en Power BI, que resume los promedios anuales de los índices de las cooperativas, facilitando así el análisis con 8 observaciones. Además, se utilizó una base de datos más extensa para generar gráficos y realizar análisis de regresión sobre las variables estudiadas.
Se observaron similitudes en las gráficas, especialmente a partir de 2014. Esto lleva a la pregunta central del estudio: ¿Ha demostrado algún crecimiento La Economía Popular y Solidaria en el periodo 2012-2019?
Este enfoque cuantitativo permite evaluar de manera precisa el impacto y la evolución del Segmento 2 dentro de la EPS, proporcionando una visión clara de su desarrollo a lo largo de los años
Guía de estudio de la asignatura tecnología automotriz
Authors: Rodríguez Bonilla Daniel Alejandro
Published: November 2024

La "Guía de estudio de la asignatura Tecnología Automotriz" ha sido desarrollada como un recurso completo para estudiantes, docentes y profesionales del campo automotriz que buscan adquirir habilidades técnicas y conocimientos sólidos sobre los sistemas automotrices esenciales, a través de un enfoque práctico y teórico, esta guía abarca desde la selección y el uso adecuado de herramientas hasta el entendimiento profundo de sistemas como la suspensión, la dirección y el ensamblaje automotriz.
Organizada en unidades temáticas, la guía introduce al lector en los principios de funcionamiento de los sistemas clave que permiten el correcto desempeño y seguridad de los vehículos, cada sección incluye actividades prácticas y preguntas guía que fomentan la aplicación de conocimientos en entornos reales, facilitando una formación integral y competente.
Este manual no solo proporciona los conocimientos necesarios para la identificación y el diagnóstico de fallas, sino que también instruye en técnicas de ensamblaje y en la importancia de la calidad en cada proceso con una orientación hacia el desarrollo de habilidades críticas, los estudiantes estarán mejor preparados para enfrentar los retos del sector automotriz, comprendiendo los avances tecnológicos y adaptándose a las demandas de una industria en constante cambio.
Confío en que esta guía será una herramienta valiosa en la formación de profesionales capacitados, aportando al crecimiento del sector y a la seguridad de los usuarios finales.
Management of Congenital Scoliosis Presented to Department of Orthopedic & Spine HMC: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Khan Muhammad Zahid , Satar Abdul , Hussain Shahid , Kabir Samir Khan , Khan Arif
Published: November 2024

Objective: To evaluate the impact of congenital scoliosis on spinal curvature severity and quality of life in patients treated at a single center in Pakistan, with a focus on demographic distribution, Cobb angle, and quality of life outcomes. Methodology: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from June 2013 to June 2023 at the Orthopedics and Spine Department, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. The study included 100 patients aged 1 to 30 years diagnosed with congenital scoliosis. Data on demographics, Cobb angle measurements, and quality of life (using the SRS-22 questionnaire) were collected. Statistical analyses, including t-tests and chi-square tests, were performed to examine associations between gender, Cobb angle, and quality of life, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 15.2 years (SD = 8.4), with an even gender distribution (52% male). The average Cobb angle was 49.7 degrees (SD = 18.6), indicating moderate to severe scoliosis, with no significant difference between genders (mean Cobb angle: males = 51.2°, females = 48.1°; p = 0.26). Quality of life scores averaged 3.7 (SD = 0.9), and a moderate negative correlation was found between Cobb angle and quality of life score (r = -0.35), suggesting that more severe curvature is associated with lower quality of life. A chi-square test also indicated no significant association between gender and scoliosis severity (p = 0.99). Conclusion: This study emphasizes the impact of congenital scoliosis on quality of life, with severity of spinal curvature correlating with reduced well-being. The findings highlight the need for early diagnosis and targeted intervention to optimize outcomes. This foundational data contributes to the understanding and management of congenital scoliosis in similar healthcare settings.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the LearningProcess PGMI Students at STIT Al-BukharyLabuhanbatu North Sumatra
Authors: Irpan Siregar Irpan Siregar , Suryatik  , Muhammad Zulham Munthe
Published: November 2024

Information technology has become an important part of human life, especially with the rapid development in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). AI plays a significant role in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of learning, especially in higher educationenvironments. This study aims to explore the role of AI in students' lives, focusing on the application of AI in education and its impact on students' learning experiences. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method with data collection through a survey of 30 Elementary Madrasah Teacher Education (PGMI) students at STITA Labuhanbatu. The survey results show that the majority of students have a good understanding of AI and a positive perspective on its influence on learning. AI has been shown to improve personalization in learning, assist academic administration, and prepare students for an increasingly digital workforce. However, this study also identifiednegative impacts, such as the potential for declining student literacy and the risk of technology addiction. Therefore, it is important to improve digital literacy and education about AI so that students can utilize this technology optimally and responsibly.
Os MULTILETRAMENTOS ALIADOS AO USO DAS TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS NO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA
Authors: Pereira de Pinho Albina , Teixeira de Souza Samara
Published: November 2024

This research analyzes the use of digital technologies in multilingual practices, as reported in the final papers developed by Portuguese language teachers who graduated from the third class of the Professional Master in Language (PROFLETRAS) at UNEMAT/Sinop, in the field of Applied Linguistics. The research is qualitative-interpretive and documentary. Although the final papers show good results, the process of effective literacy practices, from a multi-learning perspective, proved to be quite complex, mainly due to the almost total lack of technological support provided by most of the public schools where the teachers who completed the program worked and developed their research.
DIFERENTES OLHARES TEÓRICO-METODOLÓGICOS PARA O ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA
Authors: Sandri Secchi Claudia Ines , Rodrigues Sobrinho Genivaldo
Published: November 2024

Esta resenha tem por objetivo apresentar  a coletânea da obra  Ensino e aprendizagem de língua portuguesa em contextos amazônicos,  na qual contém 13 (treze) capítulos que abordam diferentes propostas de leitura, de oralidade, de escrita e de reflexão linguística, desenvolvidas  no Programa de Pós-Graduação Profissional em Letras (PROFLETRAS).  Organizada por Leandra Ines Seganfredo Santos, Neusa Inês Philippsen e Shelton Lima de Souza, a obra foi publicada pela Editora Unemat, em 2023,  e faz parte da coletânea “Coleção Sala das Letras, a qual  é um espaço democrático para a divulgação de pesquisa de qualidade na área de Língua Portuguesa e Literatura, enaltecendo assim a notável importância de Programas de Linguística e Literatura, destacando os trabalhos realizados pelo Grupo de Trabalho “Estudos Linguísticos na Amazônia Brasileira” (GT – ELIAB) da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Linguística e Literatura (ANPOLL), nos territórios amazônicos.
LÍNGUA INDÍGENA TERENA
Authors: Philippsen Neusa Inês , Gabriel Nilce Alcantara , Da Luz Jislaine
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo apresenta uma pesquisa de natureza etnográfica e qualitativa com base na Sociolinguística e Etnografia da Comunicação, realizada em duas aldeias Terena no Norte de Mato Grosso, tendo como objetivo analisar os percursos linguísticos da língua indígena Terena e os efeitos das iniciativas de revitalização. Os resultados demonstraram mudanças e variações quanto aos ambientes de uso da língua indígena e a relação com os papéis sociais presentes nas aldeias. Quanto aos aspectos culturais compartilhados, a língua demonstrou ser um instrumento cultural, movimentando as concepções referentes à memória e identidade cultural do povo Terena de Mato Grosso.
Peningkatan Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut dengan Budaya 4 Tepat 5 Sempurna di Jorong Gurun Aur
Authors: Muhammad Faisal  , Eka Sukanti  , Dewi Susanti  , Dewi Rosmalia
Published: November 2024

This community service program aimed to improve oral and dental health among the residents of Jorong Gurun Aur, Kenagarian Kubang Putih, Kecamatan Banuhampu, Kabupaten Agam. The main issue addressed was the lack of knowledge regarding proper toothbrushing techniques, which contributed to high cases of dental caries and other oral health problems. The program involved 13 elderly participants, 12 mothers with toddlers, and 52 TPA students. Activities included health education, demonstrations of toothbrushing techniques using the "4 Right 5 Perfect" method, and dental hygiene evaluations (Hygiene Index). Pre- and post-tests were conducted to evaluate knowledge improvement, while dental hygiene was assessed before and after the activities. The results indicated significant improvements. Among TPA students, the percentage of good dental hygiene increased from 22% to 88%, and good knowledge rose from 27% to 96%. For mothers with toddlers, good dental hygiene remained at 67%, but their good knowledge increased from 33% to 92%. The program successfully encouraged new behaviors, such as brushing teeth twice daily using proper techniques.  In conclusion, this program effectively improved dental hygiene and oral health through education and practical demonstrations.
AN EXPLORATION OF RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SYNDROME SCALE
Authors: Trajković G. , Šapić R. , Maksimović G.
Published: November 2024

Reliability and validity of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were studied in a population of 68
patients diagnosed with schisophrenia in accordance with (ICD-10) criteria. Interrater reliability was good: 0.61, positive
scale; 0.54, negative scale; 0.52 general psychopathology; 0.55, total scale. Internal consistency was good for total scale
(0.79), positive scale (0.67), and for negative scale (0.72). Internal consistency was weaker for general psychopathology
scale: (0.58). We isolated a 5- factor structure (negative, excitative, positive, depresseve and cognitive), explaining 57.2%
of the total variance. The internal consistency of the 5 factors isolated was good (0.79, negative factor; 0.76, excitation
factor; 0.75, positive factor; 0.73, depressive factor; and 0.65, cognitive). 
BILIOUS CALCULOSIS - DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPY
Authors: Sekulić S. , Kosanović R. , Lazić B. , Dobričanin V.
Published: November 2024

Background: Ultrasonography(US) is a method in diagnosis of hepatobillious tracts. Due to the construction of
modern ultrasound facilities this method presents one of the most important method in this field due to the fact that it is:
uninvasive method, it does not procedure harmful biological effect; it does not demand contrastive means, there are no
counter indications known, and it does not provoke uneasiness to patient. Methods:200 patients were treated ultrasonographically at Surgical Clinic Faculty of Medicine in Pristina. Results: In 119(59,9%) cases calculus in gallbladder was localised ultrasonographically and in 131(65,5%) cases operativelly. Calculus was found in Hartmann's place in 60 (30%) cases ultrasonographycally and in 65(32,5%) cases operativelly. Calculus in d.cysticus was operativelly found in 4 (2,0%) cases and it was not found ultrasonographically. Solitary calculosis was found ultrasonographically in 52 (26,0%) cases and it was confirmed operativelly 47 (23,5%) cases.Multiple calculosis was diagnosed ultarsonographically in(148 74%) cases, and operativelly in 153(76,5%) cases. Anteroposterious radious of gall bladder was found ultrasonographically to be 3 or more then 5 cmm long in 109(54,5%) cases, and operativelly in 111(55,5%) cases. Gallbladder wall size higher than 3 mm was found US in 149(74,5%) cases,and operativelly in 137 (68,5%) cases. Choledocholithiasis was US diagnosed in 29 (53,7%) cases and operativelly in 54 cases. Gallbladder carcinom was US diagnosed in 5(2,5%), and operativelly found in 7 (3,5 %) cases, 6 (3,0%) gallbladder path carcinomes were not US diagnosed. Conclusion:Those results show that ultrasonography is a method of chois in gallbladder disseases treatment accuracy of the method equalls 89,5% on our clinical material.
THE STUDY OF ORAL HEALTH CARE AND ORAL HEALTH PROMOTION
Authors: Banković D. , Janjanin M. , Gajić M.
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to describe the oral health care system, it's elements (input, process, output and outcome)
and the sociodemographic and behavioral factors relevant to oral health promotion and the oral health care system and to
provide policy markers with information that can be used to improve oral health and the efficiency of the oral health care
system. The modular approach used in the study to guide questionare design, sampling, data collection and analysis is based on Blum's model of the determinants of health status.The study has 3 sources of data: provider surveys, consumer survey and dental epidemiological survey. Logistic regression and data mining was used to establish which of the system's elements has the most influence on oral health outcomes as well as the system outcome. Taking into account sample entropy (.99bit) and value of assessed Bye's error (51.3%) method data mining - (automatic inductive learning) establish use of topical fluorides - fluoride toothpaste as significant factor for the health outcome. Other established factors are variables from input and they are related to dentist and their attitude towards oral health education.
ABNORMALITY OF TWIN PREGNANCY FETUS PAPYRACEUS - case report
Authors: Šulović N. , Dunjić M. , Stanišić S.
Published: November 2024

The aim of the work is to study the development of twin pregnancy after one of twins died in early pregnancy and
possible negative influence on clotting system of pregnant women. Observation is done on patient DM, 30 years old, and
housewife. She was observed from her first appearance at the department. Personal and family anamnesis was regular. She
had one delivery tree years ago with Cesarean section. In the first ultrasonographic examination we found twin pregnancy
with obvious heartbeats of both twins. After two weeks on control examination we find only one fetus, regularly developed,
and in a separate amniotic cavity a fetus without heart beat with small quantity of amniotic fluid in bizarre position. Patient
was immediately admitted in the hospital. Ultrasonographic examination, as well as a routine laboratory analyses were
repeated every ten days. After 28-th week of gestation we included a cardiotocographic (CTG) control every five days. In
38-th week the birth was finished by cesarean section (indication for operation - previous cesarean section). Afemale child
was born. After delivery, placenta was extracted with membranes, which contained a dead fetus, 12-cm length. After
recovery which lasted seven days patient was dismissed in good condition with healthy baby. An ultrasound examination
proved to be of great help in putting a diagnosis. It is very important to put diagnosis in time, because if we don't do it, we
will probably have a great and heavy complication.
NEUROLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-RISK NEWBORN INFANTS IN THE FIRST THREE YEARS OF LIFE
Authors: Cerovac-Ćosić N. , Jović N.
Published: November 2024

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) are the most common neurological
diseases in newborn period. Very often they are caused by perinatal asphyxia and they may lead to permanent disturbances in psychomotor development of infants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of neurological examination and other diagnostic methods in both diagnosis and prognosis of HIE and ICH in high - risk newborn infants. We prospectively examined the group of 115 infants who were followed till the age of three years in order to evaluate their neurological development. Neurological status during newborn period and the first year of life were abnormal in 62% of infants, ultrasound examination of the brain results were abnormal in 60% of infants and electroencephalographic records were abnormal in 23% of infants. Magnetic resonance imaging were done in 25 infants, showing patological changes
predominantly localized in periventricular white mater, basal ganglia and talamus in 10 of them. At the age of three years, we
found that seven infants had moderately severe neurological deficits and nine infants had severe neurological deficits. We
concluded that neurological examination and ultrasound examination of the brain were of limited diagnostic and prognostic
value while electroencephalographic examination was of great significance in infants with neurological disturbances.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was very good method in evaluating pathological changes in the brain of studied
infants, and the spectrum of pathological changes correlated very well with the type of neurological deficits. Prognosis of
neurological development of infants with pathological changes predominantly localized in the region of periventricular
white mater were better than of infants with pathological changes in the region of basal ganglia and talamus who had very
bad prognosis.
THE MOST FREQUENTLY CAUSES OF HEMATURIA IN CHILDREN TREATED IN PEDIATRIC CLINIC IN PRI[TINA (1995-1999)
Authors: Krdžić J. , Krdžić B.
Published: November 2024

The frequent sign in renal disease and disease of urinary tract is presents of blood in urine, hematuria, and it is discovered very often in children. Aim of this work was to establish the most frequent causes of hematuria in our recorded
material. Investigation was accomplished on 60 patients, by using standard clinical and biochemical methods. The results of
work have showed that hematiria may be faund in any age in children. Most patients belong to age 5-10 years 27 (45.0%),
belong to age up to 10 years, and 26,6% belong to age 1 -5 year. Hematuria is more common in school-aged children and in
adolescence. Gross hematuria is found in 60% of patients, and microscopic hematuria in 40% of patients. Infective cause of
hematuria is found in 29 patients, and in 31 patients other causes, such as : stones, sec.glomerular diseases, tumors, hematologic disorders, etc. As infective glomerular disease and infection of urinary tract, in 25 % patients the cause of hematuria is acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, tuberculosis in 6,66 patients,urinary tract infecion in 16,6 patients (in 8,33% patients caused by E.colli). Anatomic abnormalities is found in 15% patients,asymptomatic hematuria in 6,6%, lithiasis in 5%, and Henoch - Schönlein in 5%, and coagulopathies in5 % of patients, other causes are rare.In observed sample of patients, we have registrated high frequency of hematuria in chlidren with ac. poststreptoccal glomerulonephritis, then in children with morphological abnormalitis of urinary tract,urinary tract infection, and IgAnephropathia as a very rare cause, but Trachtman and Hagg in their reserches found Alport syndrom and IgA nephropathy as a most frequently causes of Hematuria
DIAGNOSIS OF VARICES OESOPHAGEI
Authors: Milinić S.
Published: November 2024

Powers was the first scientis who described Varices oesophagei in 1939 (Thomas in 1960) in the 19th century,
th Varices weve considered like consequence of splenies sicknes, was noted like 20 century, portal hypertension, noted like
pathogenesiscal machinery for begining. Varices oesophegei and classification. Oesophagoscopy was vade by 40 patients
because varices were veryfied and a factor of risk, which varices have was measured. Endoscopy morphologycal classification Varices oesophagei was used by Paque in 4 class. Varices in the first class was had 17,5% in the second class 35%, in the second and third class 22,5%, the fourth class 5%. Varices in the third and fourth class have observed like bigs Varices who have very risc and ruinouses for life.
THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE OF STUDIES OF MEDICAL FACULTY PRIŠTINA ABOUT NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIOUS
Authors: Samardzić S. , Simović T. , Džordžević Z. , Denić Lj.
Published: November 2024

Nosocomial infectious (NI) are very big problem nowdays. The aim of this was to investigate the level of knowledge of medicial students of University Pristina about NI and to compare the knowledge level of preclinical with knowledge level of clinical students about NI. Cross-sectional study was conducte in May 2001. The instrument of survey was questionnaire with 28 questions wich were distributed to all third-year (preclinical) students and to all fifth-year (clinical) students and to all fifth-year (clinical) students at the Medical Faculty Pristina. The majority of third-year students (78,2%) and fifth-year students (91,1%) knew the definition of NI and their reservoirs (100.0%). The fifth-year students gave correct answers, statisticaly significant, more frequently (X} =4.62; df=1, p<0.05). The majority of students (89,1% of third-year and 96,4% of fifth-year students) knew that NI could be prevented, but only 14,5% of third-year and 25% of fifth-year students considered handwashing the basic measure for prevention, although there is no statisticaly significant difference between third-year students (X' =2.62; df=1, p>0.05). Around 98% students percepted the risk of NI for medical staff. Around 80% of students estimated that the aditional lectures about NI are needed during the studies. The fifth-year students more frequently showed higher level of knowledge about multidrug-resistant bacteria (X* =17.77; df=1, p<0.01).

Approximately 70% of third-year students gained knowledge about NI from sources other than lectures, but 75% of fifth-year students gained that knowledge from lectures in epydemiology. Additional information about NI, especially about univesal precution, is needen for medical students. Tt is very important to appropriately organise the studies with more practical work in prevention of NI. The emphasise should be put on health edecation in order to increase knowledge about NI, general hygienic measures encouraging handwashing and correct use proper dezinfectans in order to control the hospital environment.
VALUES OF THE SERUMS OXIDATIVE STRESS INDICATORS IN THE AGE-RELATED CATARACT PATIENTS
Authors: Žorić L. , Mirić D.
Published: November 2024

Actual hypothesis related to development of the age-related cataract focus the photo oxidative stress as a key process of cataract genesis. It considers that damages in the lens cells, caused by sunlight and oxygen within photodynamic action of the photo oxidative stress, make essence of the cataract genesis process. Although the cataractogenes is primary a local process that flows in a local compartment, oxidative stress is often a systemic event. It relates particularly to the older age, i.e. to the ageing process itself. Even if special regulatory mechanisms of the eye provide appropriate supply of antioxidative elements on the local level, fulfilling of the eye and it's lens with antioxidative elements depends on their systemic availability and distribution. By investigation of concentrations of malondialdehyde, vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione and albumin, and activity of cathtalase and peroxidase in serums of patients with age-related cataract, as well as with comparison of the same elements values in serums of the same age and sex distribution group of people without cataract, we found noticeable differences of the oxidative stress intensity in serums within those two investigated groups.
QUALITY OF LIFE IN CORONARY PATIENTS AFTER CORONARY AND VALVULAR SURGERY
Authors: Perić V. , Borzanović M. , Sovtić S. , Jovanović A. , Stolić R. , Lazić S. , Šipić M. , Trajković V.
Published: November 2024

There are different reports regarding the characteristics of examined quality of life (QOL) in patients with combined coronary and valvular surgery. Objective was to compare the quality of life changes after isolated coronary and associated coronary and valvular surgery. From February to May 2002, we prospectively studied 243 consecutive patients, who underwent elective CABG. The Nottingham Health Profile Questionnaire part I (NHPpart I) was used as a model for QOL determination. NHPpart I contains 38 subjective statements divided into six sections: physical mobility (PM), social isolation (SI), emotional reaction (ER), energy (En), pain and sleep. The scores ranged from zero to 100, by adding the item weight, determined by Thurstone method of paired compares, to every positive answer. We distributed the questionnaire to all patients before and six months after CABG. Two hundred twenty six patients filled in the postoperative questionnaire. An isolated coronary heart disease was present in 218 patients (89.71%), and associated coronary and valvular disease in 25 patients (10.29%). Preoperatively, there is no difference in QOLamong the examined groups. After operation, quality of life was improved in 84.65% (171/202) of patients using coronary surgery and in 79.17% (19/24) of patients using combined (coronary and valvular) surgery. Quality of life was statistically improved in the first group of patients in all sections, and in the second group of patients in 4 sections (PM, En, pain and sleep) (p<0.05). There is no significant correlation between the quality of life changes after operation and the type of surgical procedure. By univariate and multivariate logistic regression, combined procedure distinguished as the independent predictor of QOL worsening in the ER section (p=0.012, OR=3.62, 95% CI 1.32-9.92). Six months after CABG quality of life was significant better in most of patients in both studied groups. Associated coronary and valvular surgical intervention distinguished as the independent predictor of quality of life worsening in the ER section.
EFFECTS OF THE ACE INHIBITORS ON THE LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IN THE ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Dejanović J. , Ivanov I. , Šaonja-Živkov D. , Vindiš-Ješić M. , Čurić I. , Čikoš J.
Published: November 2024

In essential hypertension, hemodynamic changes in systolic and diastolic function acompany left ventricul hypertrophy ussualy. Both of these cardiac function can be detected with echocardiography and were measured during this study. 23 patients with moderate essential hypertension were treated with cilazapril plus small doze of diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide) once daily for 120 days. On the begining we found diastolic disfunction, but after the treatment there was a significant improvement in isovolumic relaxation time, early diastolic filling pattern and normalized left ventricular early/ atrial filling ratio. Cilazapril + diuretic combination in a dose once daily controlled blood pressure satisfactory, too. Parameters of systolic function were in the normal levels and there were no significant changes between the two determinations. Thickness of the interventricular septum and posteroinferior wall did not change significantly after 16 weeks of therapy, probably because of too short time of investigation.
THE ROLE OF BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS IN ETIOLOGY OF PRETERM DELIVERY
Authors: Bogavac M. , Mitreski A. , Relić G.
Published: November 2024

Ahigher concentrations of microorganisms in the vagina can lead to preterm delivery. Bacterial vaginosis is a well known risk factor of preterm delivery. Aim of this study was to estimate the presence of bacterial vaginosis as a potential cause of preterm delivery relative to the patients with term delivery, as well as to define the type of present bacteria. The results of our investigation showed more frequent presence of bacterial infection of the vagina in the patients with preterm delivery. The following bacteria have been cultured in the group of patients with preterm delivery: Streptocossus agalctiae, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus sp. and Escherichia coli. In prevention of preterm delivery, we recommend a routine screening of pregnant women (such as obtaining smears to bacterial infection) as well as administration of the therapy in case of positive findings, particularly in those presenting a risk for the development of bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery. 
WHETHER EXISTED CARDIOCEREBRAL SYNDROME?
Authors: Marčetić Z. , Petrović N. , Sovtić S. , Stašević Z.
Published: November 2024

Besides big improvement of diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive procedures vascular disease generally and vascular disease of brain remain of biggest importance in total morbidity and mortality. This examination included patients in Urgent Surgery Center “Simonida” Gracanica. In article is represent relationship between brain and heart dysfunctions and it is obvious that cerebral disturbances can cause heart disturbances and also it can be in opposite direction. Well, based on this is very important to make fast and correct orientation: CARDIOCEREBRAL or CEREBROCARDIALSYNDROME. In diagnostic procedure and therapeutic treatment is necessary cooperation between cardiologist and neurologist because in most of these cases we have cardiocerebral or cerebrocardial syndrome. Better treatment patients with brain stroke claim teamwork different specialist.
DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS
Authors: Nestorović V.
Published: November 2024

Osteoporosis is a condition chracterized by a reduced amount of bone which leads to diminihed physical strength of the skeleton and an increased susceptibility to fractures. There are many causes of osteoporosis but the most common by fair is due to the decrese in the amount of bone which occurs after the menopause, the so called postmenopausal osteoporosis. There is no evidence that postmenopausal bone loss itself causes any symptoms and ensuing osteoporosis has therefore been called «the silent epidemic».
IDENTIFICATION OF THE VICTIMS KILLED IN A CIVILIAN BUS CROSSING A BRIDGE IN LUŽANE
Authors: Matejić S. , Dobričanin S. , Šćepanović Lj. , Vitošević Z.
Published: November 2024

Identification of the deceased is routine and, for experts, quite a simple forensic procedure. However, in the case of
mass accidents such as explosions, traffic accidents, natural disasters, and during the war everything is much more different.
There are a lot of differences between forensic medicine in the peace and the forensic medicine during the war. The cause of
this claim comes from special conditions for performing the forensic procedures during the war, with much more activities,
a lot of differences and special characteristics of war injuries. We have in mind mass war injuries and great number of victims, which can grow till catastrophic proportions. That includes killing a great number of people in different places, in
different military units and civilian settlements. The identification of these victims is, certainly, the most important and permanent task of forensic medicine which consider, first of all, collecting, identification and transportation of the victims. The
complexity of these tasks is severe when mass deaths occur, but also when killings happened in the different locations in the
same time, also, during the discovering of the victims which become putrefied and decay, where the biggest problem is to
identify the victim and determine the cause of death.
ANORECTAL ABSCESS AND FISTULA-IN-ANO - PRACTICE PARAMETERS
Authors: Moljević N. , Vuković M. , Veljković R.
Published: November 2024

Anorectal abscesses and fistulas are problems that are commonly encountered together. Occasionally, their management can prove to be formidable, constantly challenging the clinical and surgical skills of the practicing surgeon. This article reviews the etiology, presentation, and treatment of anorectal abscesses and fistulas.
MERCURY VAPOR AIRPOLUTION AND THE XI th GROUP OF DISEASES BY ICD - 10 REVISION
Authors: Ćorac A. , Trajković G. , Samardžić S. , Milovanović A. , Lekić J.
Published: November 2024

In process of chlorine-alkali electrolyze the big mercury failure exist in vapor shape, which across respiratory system, expire in exposed persons organism. The aim of the work was to examine connection between mercury vapor air pollution and sicknesses coming from diseases belonging to the XI group of diseases by International Classification of Diseases th (ICD) - 10 revision. Exploring groups were workers “Kalium chemistry” factory and administration at CI ”Zupa”. Recognized diagnosis on periodical exams year 2000, 2002 and 2004 were entered in reports (expertises) analyzed later on. Analyzed reports for total 571 examinees were done, 184 examinees year 2000, 191 examinees year 2002 and 196 year 2004. As of diagnosis recognized the diagnoses were separate for diseases belonging to XI ICD group. Examinees were divided in a four group according to the grade of exposure: I group day by day exposed; II group sporadically exposed; III group earlier
exposed; IV group not exposed. First, second and third group of examinees were workers of “Kalium chemistry” factory. It was established during the examination at rooms were exposed workers stay that only mercury vapor pollution 3.01 overcomes Maximum Permitted Concentration allowed by JUS. The frequency differences testing between groups according to the grade of exposure, like as frequency differences testing of sicknesses between all exposed opposite un-exposed, showed
to us that differences are statistically significant. Based on the results of the this research it can be conclude that connection exist between mercury vapor air pollution and sicknesses coming from diseases belonging to the XI group of diseases by ICD.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF THE GALL BLADDER DISEASE AND THE BILIARY WAYS
Authors: Mladenović J. , Videnović N. , Perić D. , Lukić P.
Published: November 2024

Biliary calculosis is the most frequent disease of the hepathrombial system. Inflammation of the gall bladder appears in the acute and chronicle form. Acute inflammation presents one of the frequent complications of the gall bladder
calculosis. Acute inflammation of the gall bladder can appear in catarrhal, phlegmonous, gangrenous perforative form. Perforation of the inflamed changed gall bladder can lead to the diffuse biliary peritonitis, pericholecystitis and formation of
pericholecystitis infiltrate or abcess. Very often the acute inflammation of the gall bladder appears in combination with Acute inflammation of the pancreas. For the production of the work the biyearly material of the Emergency Surgical Centre
“Simonida” in Gračanica is used. In the ESC Simonida, in the period from January to December of 2004, 375 patients were operated. In the same period of time we operated 52 (13.86%) patients because of the gall bladder disease and biliary ways.
There were 45 female patients and 7 male ones. Gall bladder disease is 6.5 times more frequent at females in our material. Hard security situation and limited freedom of movement are one of the most important reasons of patients' late report to the
doctor, and appearance of the heavy forms of the inflammation of the gall bladder and biliary ways. The acute form of the inflammation of the gall bladder was noticed at 25 patients. The complications of the disease in the sense of cholecystopancreatitis, choledolithiasis, suppurating cholangiitis, choledolithiasis i cholecystoduodenal fistule were found at 27 patients. Postoperative complications were verified at 3 patients, wound infection at 2 patients and peritonitis at one
patient after drawing ouf the T-drain.
HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF SMALL INTENSTINE
Authors: Krivokuća D. , Šaranović Đ. , Vuković M. , Moljević M. , Erić M.
Published: November 2024

The surface area of the small intestine is enhanced by three morphologic features that are peculiar to the gut: plicae circulares, the villi and the microvilli. The plicae circulares (circular folds) consist of mucosal/submucosal invaginations that are predominantly located in the duodenum and jejunum. These infoldings are visible on gross inspection. The intestinal villi, finger-like projections that protrude into the intestinal lumen, are approximately 0,5-1,5 mm long and cover the mucosal surface. They can be viewed by close inspection of the mucosa under low-power microscopy. Their microscopic appearance varies: duodenal villi are characteristically broad and leaf-shaped, jejunal villi are tall and thin, and ileal villi are short and broad. The length and shape of the villi also vary with geographic region. At the base of the villi, the epithelium enters the lamina propria and forms the crypts of Lieberkühn, which extend almost to the muscularis mucosae. The microvilli are sub-light microscopic tubular projections that are extensions of the apical cell membrane and compose the brush border. There are the enzymes and receptors in these structures which are required for terminal digestion and absorption
STATINS FIRST LINE IN THERAPY DISORDERS METABOLISM LIPIDS IN PATIENT WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2
Authors: Novaković T.
Published: November 2024

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Diabetes mellitis,type 2 is often associate with disorders metabolism of lipid. That is base for development athero sclerosis, coronare disease and peripheral vascular complications. Patient with diabetes earlier get cariovascular disease. Frequency in equllent in female and male sex. Atherosclerosis is proces which is started earlier in patiens with diabetic, than in healthy population. So, prevention of cardiovascular disease is very important. When we elimination risk factors: smoking, hypertension and lipids, we will reduce coronary syndrome.The clinicly studies show us that the statins drugs are choice for prevention and controle metabolism lipids in these pations. Statins drugs had been show us the best therapy the efects on evolution of atherosclerosis plaques, reversed endothel disfunction and modulation of thrombotic parametars
PREGNANCY TERMINATION AT PRENATALLY DIAGNOSTIFIED FETAL ANOMALY: TWO PROTOCOL COMPARATION
Authors: Bogovac M. , Bettelheim D. , Relić G.
Published: November 2024

Medical abortion (i.e. abortion induced by pharmaceutical agents) is a method of pregnancy termination administered most often in the second trimester in case of either fetal malformations or absence of fetal heart tones (missed abortion. Aim of the study was to compare effects of two regimens of drug adminstration for pregnancy termination in case of fetal anomalies registered in the second trimester of pregnancy. The investigation was performed in 52 patients of the Universitasklinik fur frauenheilkunde, Allgemaines krankenhaus (AKH), Klinische Abteilung fur Gynakologie und Geburtshilfe, Abteilung fur pranatale diagnostic und therapie and comprised two groups of patients in whom pregnancy termination was performed in the second trimester because of the presence of fetal malformations. Comparison analysis of the effect of the two regimens for pregnancy termination has been conducted in two groups of patients: Group A, who received R R R Cergem (Gemeprost) and Group B, who received a combination of Myfegine (Myfepriston) and Cyprostol (Misoprostol). Complete medical abortion occurred approximately at the same rate in both investigated groups (Group A - 10 (35.7%); Group B - 9 (37.5%). Curettage (Vacum aspiration) following the incomplete medical abortion was required in the group R R with Gemeprost in 18 (64.3%), and in the group with Myfegine /Cyprostol in 15 (62.5%) patients. A regimen of mifepristone pre-treatment followed by misoprostol applied in the Group B presented with financial benefits according to the present time prices of drugs in Austria relative to the regimen administered in the Group A, in which the cost of a single or a two-day treatment by gemeprost was significantly more expensive.
OCULAR CHANGES OCULAR CHANGES AT SERONEGA SERONEGATIVE ARTHROPATHY
Authors: Mirković M. , Jakšiċ V. , Žorić L. , Vukša D. , Stamenković D. , Bulajić S. , Petković Z.
Published: November 2024

Seronegative arthropathy represents group of rheumatic diseases which affects younger patients, more often male. Ocular findings are numerous such as conjunctivitis, iridocyclitis, and they are a part of extraarticular clinical manifestations. Acute anterior uveitis, as most common ocular manifestation, could be a sole or associated morbidity condition at the forme of systemic diseases