bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between nutrition-related indicators and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced liver fibrosis: evidence from NHANES 2017-2020
Authors: Wei Shouxin , Yu Sijia , Lan Yunsheng , Jia Yingdong , Yang Ningbo
Published: October 2024

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide, and its incidence has been rising in parallel with the prevalence of obesity and diabetes. A critical marker for the progression of NAFLD is advanced hepatic fibrosis (AHF), which can result in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study sought to investigate the potential associations between five nutrition-related indices—the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), controlled nutritional score (CONUT), triglyceride-total cholesterol-body mass index (TCBI), and albumin/globulin ratio (AGR)—and the progression of NAFLD and AHF.
Methods: This study analyzed the association between five nutrition-related indicators and the occurrence of NAFLD and AHF by utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2017 to 2020.03. After adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, clinical, and laboratory-related factors, the associations were examined employing various statistical techniques, including multivariate logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and smooth curve fitting analysis.
Results: This study included 5,514 subjects, of whom 2,088 were diagnosed with NAFLD and 359 with AHF. After adjusting for potential confounding factors using multivariate logistic regression analysis, the results revealed that GNRI, PNI, and TCBI were positively associated with the incidence of NAFLD, while CONUT and AGR demonstrated negative associations with NAFLD. Additionally, GNRI, CONUT, and TCBI were positively associated with the incidence of AHF, while AGR demonstrated a negative association with AHF.
Conclusions: The study demonstrates that nutritional status plays a dual role in the progression of NAFLD and AHF, serving as both a risk and protective factor. These findings offer a scientific foundation for the early identification of high-risk populations and the development of individualized nutritional intervention strategies.
Machine learning and high-throughput computational guided development of high temperature oxidation-resisting Ni-Co-Cr-Al-Fe based high-entropy alloys
Authors: Hu SHANSHAN , Tan Xingru , Trehern William , Sundar Aditya , Wang Yi , San Saro , Lu Tianwei , Zhou Fan , Sun Ting , Zhang Youyuan , Wen Yuying , Liu Zhichao , Gao Michael
Published: October 2024

Ni-Co-Cr-Al-Fe based High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have been demonstrated to possess exceptional oxidation resistance, rendering them promising candidates as bond coats to protect critical components in turbine power systems. However, with the conventional time-consuming alloy design approach, only a small fraction of Ni-Co-Cr-Al-Fe based HEAs, focusing on equiatomic compositions, has been explored to date. In this study, we developed an effective design framework with the aid of machine learning (ML) and high throughput computations, enabling the rapid exploration of high-temperature oxidation-resistant non-equiatomic HEAs. This innovative approach leverages ML techniques to swiftly select candidates with superior oxidation resistance within the expansive high-entropy composition landscape. Complemented by a thermodynamic-informed ranking-based selection process, several novel non-equiatomic Ni-Co-Cr-Al-Fe HEA candidates surpassing the oxidation resistance of the state-of-the-art bond coat material MCrAlY have been identified and further experimentally demonstrated. Our findings offer a pathway for the development of advanced bond coats in the realm of next-generation turbine engine technology.
snCED-seq: High-fidelity cryogenic enzymatic dissociation of nuclei for single-nucleus RNA-seq of FFPE tissues
Authors: Zhao Xiangwei , Guo Yunxia , Ma Junjie , Qi Ruicheng , Ma Xiaoying , Xu Jitao , Ye Kaiqiang , Huang Yan , Yang Xi , Wang Guang-Zhong
Published: October 2024

Profiling cellular heterogeneity in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues is key to characterizing clinical specimens for biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and drug responses. Recent advancements in single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) techniques tailored for FFPE tissues have demonstrated their feasibility. However, isolation of high-quality nuclei from FFPE tissue with current methods remains challenging due to RNA cross-linking. We, therefore, proposed a novel strategy for the preparation of high-fidelity nuclei from FFPE samples, cryogenic enzymatic dissociation (CED) method, and performed snRandom-seq (snCED-seq) for polyformaldehyde (PFA) -fixed and FFPE brains to verify its applicability. The method is compatible with both PFA-based and FFPE brains or other organs with less hands-on time and lower reagent costs, and produced 10 times more nuclei than the homogenate method, without secondary degradation of RNA, and maximized the retention of RNA molecules within nuclei. snCED-seq shows 1.5-2 times gene and UMI numbers per nucleus, higher gene detection sensitivity and RNA coverage, and a minor rate of mitochondrial and ribosomal genes, compared with the nuclei from traditional method. The correlation gene expression of nucleus from the post-fixed and the frozen sample can be up to 94 %, and the gene expression of our nuclei was more abundant. Moreover, we applied snCED-seq to cellular heterogeneity study of the specimen on Alzheimer's Disease (AD) to demonstrate a pilot application. Scarce Cajal Retzius cells in older mice were robustly detected in our data, and we successfully identified two subpopulations of disease-associated in astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes, respectively. Meanwhile, we found that most cell types are affected at the transcriptional level by AD pathology, and there is a disease susceptibility gene set that affects these cell types similarly. Our method provides powerful nuclei for snRNA-seq studies for FFPE specimens, and even helps to reveal multi-omics information of clinical samples.
Hemifusomes and Interacting Proteolipid Nanodroplets Mediate Multi-Vesicular Body Formation
Authors: Kachar Bechara , Tavakoli Amirrasoul , Hu Shiqiong , Ebrahim Seham
Published: October 2024

The complex, pleiomorphic membrane structure of the vesicular components within the endolysosomal system has been appreciated through decades of classical electron microscopy. However, due to the heavy fixation and staining required in these approaches, in situ visualization of fragile intermediates between early endosomes, late endosomes and ultimately multivesicular bodies (MVBs), remains elusive, raising the likelihood that other structures may have also been overlooked. Here, using in situ cryo-electron tomography in four mammalian cell lines, we discover heterotypic hemifused vesicles that share an extended hemifusion diaphragm, associated with a 42nm proteolipid nanodroplet (PND). We term this previously undescribed vesicular organelle-complex, “hemifusome”. Hemifusomes make up approximately 10% of the organelle pool of the endolysosomal system, but do not participate directly in transferrin-mediated endocytosis. Hemifusomes exist in compound conformations and also contain intraluminal vesicles. Based on their range of morphologies, and the consistent presence of the PND at sites of compound hemifused vesicles, we propose that hemifusomes function as platforms for vesicular biogenesis mediated by the PND. These findings offer direct in situ evidence for a long-lived hemifusion diaphragm, and a new, ESCRT-independent model for the formation of late endosomes containing intraluminal vesicles and ultimately MVBs.
Integrating behavioral experimental findings into dynamical models to inform social change interventions
Authors: Mariani Manuel Sebastian , Tanase Radu , Algesheimer René
Published: October 2024

Addressing global challenges – from public health to climate change – often involves stimulating the large-scale adoption of new products or behaviors. Research traditions that focus on individual decision making suggest that achieving this objective requires better identifying the drivers of individual adoption choices. On the other hand, computational approaches rooted in complexity science focus on maximizing the propagation of a given product or behavior throughout social networks of interconnected adopters. The integration of these two perspectives – although advocated by several research communities – has remained elusive so far. Here we show how achieving this integration could inform seeding policies to facilitate the large-scale adoption of a given behavior or product. Drawing on complex contagion and discrete choice theories, we propose a method to estimate individual-level thresholds to adoption, and validate its predictive power in two choice experiments. By integrating the estimated thresholds into computational simulations, we show that state-of- the-art seeding methods for social influence maximization might be suboptimal if they neglect individual-level behavioral drivers, which can be corrected through the proposed experimental method.
Prophylaxis against healthcare-associated infections by non- selective beta-blockers: evidence from large animal experiments and hospital discharge outcomes
Authors: Occhinegro Alessandra , Ventrella Domenico , Rosa Simona , Alberti Luca , Amici Roberto , Cerri Matteo , Hitrec Timna , Tupone Domenico , Cappellini Alessandra , Ratti Stefano , Elmi Alberto , Zannoni Augusta , Felici Silvia , Golinelli Davide , Luppi Marco , Lankadeva Yugeesh R , May Clive N , McAllen Robin , McKinley Michael , Passaglia Patricia , Piscitiello Emiliana , Taddei Ludovico , Giannella Maddalena , Viale Pierluigi , Bacci Maria Laura , Rucci Paola , Lazzarotto Tiziana , Martelli Davide
Published: October 2024

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) pose significant risks, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and costs, exacerbated by multi-drug-resistant microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate pharmacological prophylaxis targeting sympathetic reflex control of immunity to mitigate systemic infections, offering a novel approach to combating HAIs. The study included animal experiments and a retrospective analysis of orthopedic surgery patients in Romagna, Italy. Young female pigs were intravenously inoculated with Escherichia coli (E. coli) and divided into two groups: propranolol-treated (non-selective β-blocker; 3mg/kg; 3x/day orally) and vehicle-treated, starting two days before infection. Parameters such as bacteraemia, serum cytokines, biochemical profile, blood count, lactate, glycemia, and flow cytometry were assessed. Additionally, a retrospective analysis of 92,649 orthopedic surgery hospitalizations (2017–2022) examined the effects of non-selective and selective β1-blockers on HAIs development using conditional logistic regression. Propranolol-treated pigs exhibited a disinhibited immune response to systemic infection, clearing circulating bacteria much earlier than vehicle-treated animals. The retrospective analysis showed that patients on non-selective beta-blockers had a 71.7% reduced risk of developing HAIs, while those on selective β1-blockers had an 18% higher risk. These findings suggest that targeting sympathetic reflex control of immunity via pharmacological prophylaxis may reduce HAIs in surgical patients.
A Comparative Study of PI Controller Performance in Simulated and Real-World Interplanetary Rover Actuator Systems
Authors: Cutinho Vevina Shreya , R. Navneeth S. , K. Swathi Prasad B.
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the application of Proportional-Integral (PI) controller for regulating the output speed of a motor employed in interplanetary rovers, making use of an Arduino UNO micro controller which serves as the PI controller and sensor interface for the experimental setup. The research provides insight on controller performance and the importance of accurate parameter estimation in modelling actuators for interplanetary rovers dealing with extreme terrain disturbances. The investigation involves experimental data obtained from the motor encoder, which is contrasted with a simulated model created in Simulink. The model is established utilizing Parameter Estimation Optimization Technique to satisfy the physical constraints and consistency of the simulation with the physical system. The comparative analysis focuses on the time response characteristics of both the simulated and experimental data when subjected to a step input. To enhance controller performance, the motor is subjected to PID tuning utilizing the trial-and-error method. Through this study, the ideal values of proportional and integral gains were found to be 0.5 and 2 respectively. With the obtained values of controller parameters, the actuator responds with an overshoot of 4.41% and a settling time of 1.35s. The experimental and simulated responses show very close agreement with each other, thus validating the parameters estimated through optimization. The response obtained with the implementation of a PI Controller shows great improvement over the response obtained in the absence of the PI controller, demonstrating the importance of implementing a PI controller in interplanetary applications.
DPSIR-Based Resilience Analysis of Tibetan Villages in Western Sichuan: A Case Study
Authors: Fan Ding , Yu siwei , Maliki Nor Zarifah Binti , Yang Jie
Published: October 2024

This study examines the resilience and adaptability of Tibetan villages in western Sichuan by integrating the Social-Ecological Systems (SES) theory with the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework. Data from 2015 and 2022, collected through field surveys, participatory action research, and advanced modeling, reveal significant variability in village resilience. Shenzuo and Moluo villages exhibit the highest adaptive capacity, driven by effective economic development and resource management. Kegeyi and Minzu villages face environmental and socio-economic challenges, requiring targeted interventions. Xisuo excels in resource management but needs enhanced socio-economic resilience, while Jiangba requires better resource management and community engagement. The study offers practical recommendations for policymakers to diversify economies, upgrade infrastructure, and promote sustainable agriculture, ensuring long-term resilience in Tibetan villages.
The Efficacy of Egyptian Isolate of Beauveria bassiana Against Red Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Mortality Rates, Biochemical Responses, and Enzymatic Activity
Authors: ATWA ATWA , Adel Hala , El-Aty Heba Abd , Nada Maha
Published: October 2024

Red palm weevil (RPW) larvae, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), were evaluated for susceptibility to an Egyptian isolate of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. The results showed that R. ferrugineus larvae were more susceptible to B. bassiana at the 5th and 10th instars, respectively. A concentration of 10⁸ spores/ml of B. bassiana led to a higher mortality rate, with LT50 and LT90 values of 5.947 and 14.59 days, respectively. However, resistance ratios for concentrations of 10⁷ and 10⁸ spores/ ml were 1.80 and 1.32 times higher in the 10th instar compared to the 5th instar larvae, indicating lower susceptibility. Biochemically, after treatment with B. bassiana, significant changes in total protein and carbohydrate activity were observed in both larval stages. After 96 hours, GST activity increased significantly compared to the control. The effects of B. bassiana on alpha esterase and Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzymes varied by concentration and duration. Alpha esterase activity slightly decreased at 10⁸ spores/ ml after 48 hours but was not statistically significant after 96 hours. Conversely, at 10⁷ spores/ ml, alpha esterase decreased after 48 hours but increased after 96 hours. GST activity increased at 10⁸ spores/ ml after 48 and 96 hours and rose significantly at 10⁷ spores/ ml after 48 hours, followed by a decline after 96 hours. These findings suggest that B. bassiana could be used as an effective control agent against R. ferrugineus.
Impacts of Sustainable Logistics in Urban and Rural Areas: A Delphi Study
Authors: Heumann Maximilian , Bäßmann Felix N. , Staritz Johannes , Bienzeisler Lasse , Wage Oskar , Breitner Michael H.
Published: October 2024

With the growth of urban populations and the centralization of rural supply, e-commerce is booming and the need for innovative logistics solutions is increasing accordingly, challenging the traditional paradigms of goods delivery in different environmental contexts. We aim to unravel the growing complexity of economic and environmental impacts of logistics scenarios to support strategic decision-making for efficient and sustainable logistics planning. We employ a Delphi study to dissect and assess thirteen logistics scenarios across urban and rural landscapes. Engaging four panels of experts from public administration, academia, consultancy, and NGOs, we analyze the economic efficiency, sustainability, and feasibility of logistics scenarios. The findings offer practical insights for policymakers and urban planners, and strategic guidance for logistics companies. By categorizing scenarios as either "Sustainable Business Opportunities" or "Challenging Frontiers," we contribute to understanding their viability in different settings. This categorization serves as a tool for stakeholders to prioritize and adapt logistics strategies focusing on environmental sustainability and economic efficiency.
Circulating miR-29c, miR-195, and miR-486 are objective indicators to determine the moderate intensity of resistance exercise
Authors: Takamura Daisuke , Iwata Kentaro , Inoue Shota , Hatakeyama Junpei , Moriyama Hideki
Published: October 2024

Purpose
Moderate exercise is important for health; however, individuals differ in moderate intensity and it is difficult to identify. The purpose of this study was to identify new objective indicators to determine effective exercise intensity.
Methods
After the mice were exercised in effective intensity, microarray analysis of circulating microRNA expression was conducted to identify the candidates of objective indicators to determine effective exercise intensity. Then, we assessed if these microRNAs were altered after aerobic or resistance exercises in human using quantitative real-time PCR. Twelve healthy males were randomly assigned to 2 groups: low-intensity exercise group (LI group) or high-intensity exercise group (HI group) and undertook 4 weeks of exercise program.
Results
As a result of microarray analysis, 188 microRNAs were changed after aerobic exercise, and 167 microRNAs were changed after resistance exercise. Combined with some published reports, we selected miR-29c, miR-23b, miR-222, miR-195, miR-126, miR-133a, and miR-486 as the candidates of biomarkers to determine the effective exercise intensity. In human study, physical performance was improved after resistance exercise only in HI group. Of these microRNAs, miR-29c, miR-195, and miR-486 were increased immediately after resistance exercise only in HI group. Fold change of miR-486 correlated with changes in knee extensor strength (r = 0.744, P = 0.005).
Conclusion
Resistance exercise at the effective intensity upregulated the expression of miR-29c, miR-195, and miR-486. These microRNAs may serve as objective indicators to determine the intensity of resistance exercise. Among them, miR-486 may aid in predicting the resistance exercise response
Exploring the Acceptability and Impact of Group Antenatal Care: A Qualitative Study Among Women in Selected Health Facilities in Burkina Faso
Authors: Dao Blami , Ouedraogo Yvette , Mhlanga Maxwell , Kone Andre
Published: October 2024

Antenatal Care (ANC) models have evolved to increase maternal and child health service utilization, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Recently, group antenatal care (G-ANC), where cohorts of pregnant women with similar gestational ages are followed throughout pregnancy, has shown promise in enhancing care utilization, patient satisfaction, and reducing maternal morbidity and mortality. However, the acceptability of G-ANC in Burkina Faso has not been assessed. This qualitative study aimed to evaluate the acceptability of G-ANC by pregnant women at six pilot sites in Burkina Faso and identify challenges for scaling up. We conducted six Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with 58 women who attended at least one G-ANC session. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, and discussions were conducted using semi-structured questionnaires. Thematic analysis was performed using N-VIVO software. Six themes emerged: overall experience, benefits and challenges of G-ANC, relationships with healthcare workers and partners, changes introduced by G-ANC, and suggestions for improvement. Women expressed high satisfaction with G-ANC, citing skill development and improved relationships as key benefits. Challenges included long session durations and inadequate space. A major recommendation was to hold sessions on weekends to allow partner participation. In conclusion, G-ANC is highly accepted by women in Burkina Faso. This low-cost, high-impact initiative holds potential for broader implementation in similar settings.
Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation modulates microbial community composition in long-term lead-contaminated soil
Authors: Chen Minjie , Zheng Chunli , Huang Xiaogang , Li Yafei , Wang Zhe , Xu Xin , Duan Yaoting
Published: October 2024

Microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is known as a significant process for remediating heavy metals contaminated environment. At present, we have studied the effects of microbe induced carbonate precipitation on soil physical structure after remediation of lead (Pb) contamination. However, in the process of soil remediation, the addition of exogenous substances and bacterial solution to the structure of soil bacterial community and the relationship between soil fungi and non-biological factors remains unclear. In this study, a new type of urea decomposing bacteria was isolated and identified as Bacillus pasteurii. Its performances for immobilizing Pb in soil were systematically discussed at different treatment conditions. Results showed that effects of different biological treatments on basic physical and chemical properties of soil. Meanwhile, MICP reduced the available content of Pb in soil. By analyzing the diversity and composition of soil microbial communities, it was found that MICP reduced the diversity of soil microbial community and changed the composition of soil bacterial and fungal microbial communities due to the impact of bioremediation process on soil environmental factors. However, the functional composition of soil bacteria and fungi was not affected by MICP remediation, especially the functional composition of bacterial microbial community.
Identity Tension and Emotion Regulation: A case study of Chinese novice EFL teachers
Authors: Han Linlin , Zhang Junchao
Published: October 2024

This study explores Chinese novice EFL teachers’ identity tensions and their emotion regulation strategies in navigating these tensions. By interviewing six EFL teachers from Chinese primary and secondary schools, three types of identity tensions are first pinpointed. Participants’ imagined identities — such as being key teachers in main subjects, collaborators with parents and focused English teachers — significantly conflict with the practiced identities as marginalised teachers, sole educators and constrained subordinate workers. Additionally, by applying Gross’ framework of emotion regulation, the research identifies four interrelated strategies that teachers employ to tackle emotional challenges. The study broadens the understanding of EFL teachers’ professional identity development, highlighting the dynamic relationship between identity formation and emotion regulation.
Mechanical, Dielectric and Thermal Decomposition properties of Ethylene co-vinyl acetate Polymer Composites with Modified Chitosan Filler
Authors: Stephy Annie , Francis Tania
Published: October 2024

The mechanical and dielectric properties of melt mixed EVA composites with polyaniline modified chitosan as fillers were investigated. A dependence on the filler concentration was observed for the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and Young’s modulus. The composite with higher concentration of filler showed 16.57 MPa and 25.26 MPa respectively. However, the presence of EVA matrix decreased the dielectric properties of the developed composites. In order to better understand the thermal decomposition and further analyse the recycling of the developed composites, kinetic parameters and thermodynamic properties of EVA/chitosan-g-PANi composites were determined. This was carried out on the basis of non-isothermal thermogravimetric experiments conducted at four different heating rates under N2 atmosphere. The Ea values obtained was strong function of conversion rates which ranged from 138–267 kJ/mol and 150–280 kJ/mol for KAS and Friedman methods respectively. Moreover, enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs energy changes were computed and these results would help design a process for the recycling of synthetic polymers.
Clinical importance of LEDGF/p75 in colorectal cancer prognosis
Authors: Liedtke Victoria , Wartmann Thomas , Shi Wenjie , Kahlert Ulf D.
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Colorectal cancer ranks third in men and second in women, with 153,020 new cases and 52,550 deaths in 2023. While predominantly affecting those over 65 years, 13% occur in individuals under 50 years. Biomarker analysis, including APC, BRAF, KRAS, and TP53, aids early detection, but rising incidence due to lifestyle changes projects 2.2 million new cases by 2030. Early screening is crucial for optimizing treatment outcomes and disease monitoring in colorectal cancer, as it enables the identification and intervention of malignancy at an early stage, thereby improving survival rates and reducing the need for invasive procedures - this process is significantly augmented by the use of early biomarkers.
Methods
This study analyzed the expression of the stress oncoprotein LEDGF/p75 and the ubiquitin E2 conjugating enzyme UBC13 in 15 colorectal cancer tissue samples and adjacent non-tumor tissues, obtained from the same patients. Western blot analysis was used, and results were further validated using mRNA expression data from 521 patients in the TCGA database.
Results
LEDGF/p75 expression was significantly elevated in nearly all tumor tissue samples compared to adjacent tissue (11 / 15, 73.3 %). Additionally, enzyme UBC13, a key regulator in the degradation of signaling molecules, was also increased in most tumor tissue samples (9 / 15, 60.0 %). Co-overexpression of LEDGF/p75 and UBC13 was evident in 6 / 6 patients.
Conclusion
This study confirms the upregulation of LEDGF/p75 in colorectal cancer and shows its correlation with KRAS and MSH2 mutations. The role of LEDGF/p75 in genomic instability and interactions with DNA repair proteins may contribute to drug resistance and increased tumor aggressiveness. LEDGF/p75’s potential as a prognostic biomarker independent of lymph node involvement or CEA levels highlights its potential in personalized therapy and warrants further research into its therapeutic targeting.
Culturally appropriate care for indigenous people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)- a scoping review
Authors: Sampath Kesava Kovanur , Yan Ann-Rong , Brownie Sharon
Published: October 2024

Indigenous populations are disproportionately affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated complications. However, the lack of cultural integration with the current management approach does not suit indigenous communities. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review is to map the existing literature related to culturally appropriate care and to establish the key characteristics of a culturally appropriate care provided to indigenous communities with T2D. Electronic databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, Science Direct and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to May 2024. Identified records from database literature searches were imported into Covidence®. Two independent reviewers screened and extracted the data. The research team collectively created a data charting table/form to standardize data collection that included PICO elements and PROGRESS-Plus factors for equity lens. A narrative synthesis was used to summarize the evidence. Seven studies met our eligibility criteria and were included in this scoping review. Overall, there is clear evidence that a culturally appropriate care results in better physiological outcomes and higher rates of adherence and engagement with a treatment plan and disease management processes. However, future studies need to gather and report on other PROGRESS factors that can cause inequity such as Religion, Education, Socioeconomic status of participants.
Emerging countries' counter-currency cycles in the face of crises and dominant currencies
Authors: Spring-Ragain Hugo
Published: October 2024

This article examines how emerging economies use countercyclical monetary policies to manage economic crises and fluctuations in dominant currencies, such as the US dollar and the euro. Global economic cycles are marked by phases of expansion and recession, often exacerbated by major financial crises. These crises, such as those of 1997, 2008 and the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, have a particular impact on emerging economies due to their heightened vulnerability to foreign capital flows and exports.
Counter-cyclical monetary policies, including interest rate adjustments, foreign exchange interventions and capital controls, are essential to stabilize these economies. These measures aim to mitigate the effects of economic shocks, maintain price stability and promote sustainable growth.
This article presents a theoretical analysis of economic cycles and financial crises, highlighting the role of dominant currencies in global economic stability. Currencies such as the dollar and the euro strongly influence emerging economies, notably through exchange rate variations and international capital movements.
Analysis of the monetary strategies of emerging economies, through case studies of Brazil, India and Nigeria, reveals how these countries use tools such as interest rates, foreign exchange interventions and capital controls to manage the impacts of crises and fluctuations in dominant currencies. The article also highlights the challenges and limitations faced by these countries, including structural and institutional constraints and the reactions of international financial markets.
Finally, an econometric analysis using a Vector AutoRegression (VAR) model illustrates the impact of monetary policies on key economic variables, such as GDP, interest rates, inflation and exchange rates. The results show that emerging economies, although sensitive to external shocks, can adjust their policies to stabilize economic growth in the medium and long term.
Performance studies of Fine-tuned Poly Ether Sulphone Composite Membranes using Azadirachta indica for Antifouling Properties in Industrial wastewater treatment
Authors: Sathya U. , Janapriya S. , Kumar V. Sathees
Published: October 2024

An antifouling polyether sulphone (PES) microfiltration membrane was developed by physical blending of TiO2 nanoparticle for membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating tannery wastewater. Incorporation of anti-fouling materials into the polymer by physical blending and composite PES membranes were synthesized using TiO2 nanoparticle and the membranes were made by Non-Induced Phase Inversion Method (NIPS). The membrane morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the stability of the membranes was measured by calculating the tensile strength. From the results of contact angle measurements, the hydrophilicity of the membranes was found to increase with the PES/ 4% TiO2. From the fouling rate analysis, TiO2 nanoparticle incorporated membrane PES/ TiO2 has a higher antibiofouling effect. The antimicrobial properties of TiO2 guaranteed an anti-bio-fouling effect thus by preventing the microbial growth in the membrane. The percentage of COD removal was found to be 89% and the complete removal of suspended solids has been observed.
The role of COX-2 in Knee osteoarthritis: a comprehensive analysis of cytokines, inflammation, and signaling pathways
Authors: Zhou You , Liang Chaoxin
Published: October 2024

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA)of the knee is a prevalent joint disorder closely associated with multiple factors, among which cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a pivotal role in inflammatory responses and cytokine release. This review aims to elucidate the role of COX-2 in the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis, analyze its interplay with key cytokines, and examine the signaling pathways involved in this process. By employing immunohistochemical techniques, we intend to gain a deeper understanding of the expression patterns of COX-2 and its functions within the inflammatory microenvironment, thereby providing new insights for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.
An engineered small ligand activates NK cells and triggers their cytolytic activity
Authors: Justino Gonçalo , Pinheiro Pedro , Marques M. Matilde , Miranda Joana
Published: October 2024

Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial to the immune system, playing a key role in cancer prevention by targeting and lysing tumour cells. Their cytotoxicity is mediated through direct and indirect mechanisms, including the release of cytokines and cytolytic enzymes. NK cells can be activated by specific receptors, including NKp30, which recognize ligands on tumour cells. While previous immunotherapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor NK (CAR-NK) cells and antibody-based therapies, have aimed to leverage the tumour-fighting ability of NK cells, they encounter challenges like high costs, low response rates, and tumour heterogeneity. Small-molecule agents have been proposed as a more cost-effective and accessible alternative to stimulate NK cell activity. This study addresses the challenge of identifying a small-molecule ligand that can specifically engage NKp30 to trigger NK-mediated anti-tumour activity. Here, we show that NK815A activates NK cells through NKp30, enhancing cytokine production and promoting degranulation, which lead to increased cytotoxic activity against target cells. Traditionally, NK cell activation has relied on complex and costly bi- and tri-specific engagers or CAR-NK therapies. NK815A provides a simpler, more cost-effective means of activating NK cells, offering a promising alternative to current immunotherapies. These findings suggest that small-molecule ligands offer a viable and scalable strategy for inducing NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in cancer therapy, enhancing the availability of NK cell-based immunotherapies, and potentially improving prognosis for cancers that respond poorly to conventional treatments.
Study of the influence of Ca/Zn thermal stabilizer concentration on the properties of PVC polymer
Authors: bendjaouahdou Chaouki
Published: October 2024

The objective of this work is to investigate the effects of the concentration of a thermal stabilizer, i.e, metal complex: Ca/Zn, on the properties of p ol yvi nyl chlor ide ( P V C) po l yme r u s ed i n t he fab r i ca tio n o f el ec tr i ca l cab l e s he at h. T he r e s u l t e d P V C resin is prepared by dry blending followed by melt extrusion. The main results showed a decrease the tensile strength and shore A hardness when the amount of the used thermal stabilizer (Ca/Zn) increases before and after thermal ageing. Furthermore, the strain at the break decreases when the amount of the thermal stabilizer (Ca/Zn) increases before thermal ageing, and, is maximal for 9 wt % of thermal stabilizer, after thermal ageing. The thermal stability (dehydrochlorination or Beilstein test) increases as a function of the thermal stabilizer c o ncentration.
FAIRE DES ECONOMIES DE SURFACE AVEC LASSOCIATION MAIS-LEGUMINEUSES TOUT EN MAINTENANT LE RENDEMENT DU MAIS PAR RAPPORT A SA CULTURE PURE DANS LES CONDITIONS DE LOUEST DU BURKINA FASO
Authors:   Laboratoire detude et de Recherche sur la Fertilite du Sol (LERF), Institut du Developpement Rural/Universite Nazi BONI (UNB) BP 1091, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso., Coulibaly Kalifa , P.K. Gomgnimbou Alain ,   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique /Institut de lEnvironnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA/CNRST), Laboratoire Sol-Eau-Plante, BP 910, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso., P. Yameogo Louis ,   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique /Institut de lEnvironnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA/CNRST), Laboratoire Sol-Eau-Plante, BP 910, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso., Bacye Bernard ,   Laboratoire detude et de Recherche sur la Fertilite du Sol (LERF), Institut du Developpement Rural/Universite Nazi BONI (UNB) BP 1091, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso., B. Nacro Hassan ,   Laboratoire detude et de Recherche sur la Fertilite du Sol (LERF), Institut du Developpement Rural/Universite Nazi BONI (UNB) BP 1091, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the interaction between crop residue management practices, cropping systems, and fertilization on the yield of associated crops in western Burkina Faso. To this end, an experimental design comprising three factors (crop residue management methods, cropping systems, and fertilization types) and four replications was established and monitored over three farming seasons (2018, 2019, and 2020). The grain and straw yields were determined, and the landequivalentratio (LER) was calculated. The results demonstrate that the management of crop residue through mulching or burial maintains crop yields at a level comparable to that achieved through ploughing with residue removal. In general, organo-mineral fertilization stands out as the fertilization practice that improves the production of maize (43.58% and 46.09% in 2018 and 2020, respectively) and legumes (58.42% and 66.11% in 2018 and 2020, respectively) compared to standardized mineral fertilization. Legume yields are significantly higher in monoculture (from 60% to 89% for amber and from 40% to 50% for cowpea) than in association. Additionally, the interaction between soil tillage and fertilization does not appear to be a significant factor in intercropping. However, the maize-legume association emerged as the cropping system with the greatest potential for area savings (LER>1) and crop diversification on the same plot when compared to monocropping. The study suggests that a combination of maize-legume associations, mulching or burying crop residues, and organo-mineral fertilization represents a successful strategy for the sustainable management of cropping systems in western Burkina Faso.
LA VIOLENCE AU MILIEU SCOLAIRE : ETUDE SUR LEFFET DU SENTIMENT DINJUSTICE SUR LE COMPORTEMENT AGRESSIF DES ELEVES DU SECONDAIRE AU MAROC
Authors:   Docteur en psychologie, Faculte des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines, Universite Mohammed V - Rabat, Maroc., BOULAHYA Mustapha , NASSIFE Abderrazzak ,   Maitre de conferences en psychologie, Faculte des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines, Universite Ibn Zohr - Agadir, Maroc.
Published: October 2024

This research examines the link between the feeling of injustice experienced by students and their aggressive behavior in school settings, focusing on the Moroccan educational context, which has been less studied. The study was conducted with 192 high school students from four public and private schools in two regional academies of education and training. The majority of participants, 32.3%, are 17 years old, followed by those aged 16 (22.9%), while the least represented age groups are 20 and 19 years old, with percentages of 3.1% and 8.9%, respectively. To address the research questions, two measurement scales were used: one for aggression (27 items) and another for injustice, comprising three dimensions and 19 items. The results indicate that students aggressive behavior is significantly influenced by their perception of injustice, with aggression explained by 39.3% due to school injustice. These findings highlight the importance of equity and justice in fostering a positive school climate.
TO STUDY THE PREVALENCE OF MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS
Authors:   MBBS (Hons) MBBS (Hons), DNB (Medicine), Chief Physician Head of Department NRCH, New Delhi., Kumar Singh Bimal , Kansal Madhu ,   MBBS, M.D (Medicine) ACHD (Physician) Northern Railway Central Hospital (NRCH), New Delhi., Nagar Sunil ,   Senior Consultant and Head of Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Accord Hospital, Faridabad.
Published: October 2024

Duration of diabetes and BMI is directly proportional to these complications. Family history of diabetes influence the micro vascular complications. Prevalence was found significantly higher in patients whose both parents and sibling are suffering from diabetes. Retinopathy and neuropathy were the most prevalent microvascular complication in type 2 diabetic population.
Antioxidant and Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of the tea (Camellia sinensis) flower
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Choi Hyun-suk , Choi DuBok
Published: October 2024

The major purpose of this study was to investigate the DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, superoxide radical scavenging activity, reducing power, ferrous ion chelating activity, and xanthine oxidase activity for research of antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities using a variety of extracts of tea (Camellia sinensis) flower. Among the several extracts, when 800 μg/mL of the ethanol extract was used, the maximum DPPH radical scavenging activity was obtained, 79.2%, which was approximately 80.8% compared to L-ascorbic acid, the maximum hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, 71.3%, which was approximately 73.2% compared to BHA, and the maximum super oxide radical scavenging activity, 89.4%, which was, approximately 90.6% compared to BHT, and the maximum reducing power, 1.94 at an OD of 700 nm, which was approximately 49.2% compared to L-ascorbic acid, respectively. On the other hand, when 800 μg/mL of the hot water extract was used, the maximum activity of ferrous ion chelate was obtained, 28.6%, which was approximately 48.4% compared to EDTA and the maximum xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, 61.4%, approximately 63.8% compared to catechin, respectively. These results indicated the application potential for industries that can produce new biomaterials that can compensate for the shortcomings of existing synthetic antioxidants and use discarded tea flower as food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic materials.
Tofacitinib in the treatment of ulceral colitis: real-world clinical practice and prospects
Authors: Trukhan D. I.
Published: October 2024

Ulcerative colitis is an immune-inflammatory disease characterized by ulcerative-destructive processes in the colon mucosa.  Cytokines, proteins secreted by activated immune cells that affect the activity, differentiation, or proliferation of other cells, play a key role in pathogenesis. Improving the effectiveness of drug therapy for ulcerative colitis is currently associated with the addition of genetically engineered biological drugs (GEBD) and targeted immunosuppressants, Janus kinase inhibitors (tofacitinib), to traditional therapy. Compared with GEBD, tofacitinib has a number of advantages, including its oral administration, rapid onset of action, rapid elimination, and lack of immunogenicity. Tofacitinib was approved by the FDA in 2012 for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and in 2017 for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis, and in May 2018 for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Currently, tofacitinib occupies an important place in the Federal Clinical Guidelines for Ulcerative Colitis of 2024. The Pubmed and Scopus databases were searched for articles on the use of tofacitinib in ulcerative colitis published in the current decade, with an emphasis on publications of the last year and publications not included in previously published domestic reviews. The studies found confirm the effectiveness of tofacitinib in the treatment of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis in patients in various geographic regions. A number of studies have noted the pharmacoeconomic effectiveness of tofacitinib compared to GEBD. Tofacitinib is not presented in the current clinical guidelines for ulcerative colitis for children, but a number of studies indicate the prospects for its integration into pediatric protocols.
Possibilities of treating sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis with hypoammonemic agents
Authors: Ostrovskaya A. S. , Maevskaya M. V. , Loban K. M. , Zharkova M. S. , Shapka M. P. , Vasiltsova E. A. , Chvileva Yu. O. , Ivashkin V. T.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The use of hypoammonemic agents to treat sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis has the potential to positively affect muscle mass, strength and function, given the pathogenetic basis of sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis.

Aim. To compare muscle mass, strength and function, as well as capillary blood ammonia levels in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis in two groups with and without use of L-ornithine-L-aspartate (LOLA).

Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted. The treatment group included patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis of various etiologies and hyperammonemia, who received a hypoammonemic agent (LOLA) as part of complex therapy; the comparator group included patients with liver cirrhosis, hyperammonemia and sarcopenia, who did not receive LOLA. All patients underwent measurements of muscle mass (shoulder muscle volume, skeletal muscle mass indices (SMI) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), strength (dynamometry, chair stand test) and function (short physical performance battery).

Results. An analysis of clinical outcomes included 42 patients: 30 from the treatment group and 12 from the comparator group. In the treatment group, the proportion of patients with reduced muscle mass decreased from 76.67% to 73.33% (p = 0.012).

The average shoulder muscle volume in the treatment group was 20.86 cm, which reached 21.35 cm (p = 0.072) at 3 months of therapy. The growth in shoulder muscle values and changes in the skeletal muscle indices for the upper limbs showed an increase in muscle mass. In the treatment group, mean muscle mass values measured by handheld dynamometry (HHD) increased from 20.53 to 22.48 kg at 3 months of therapy (p = 0.011). The increase in dynamometry scores demonstrated an increase in muscle strength during LOLA therapy. The increase in balance test scores determining muscle function was reported (p < 0.001). The capillary blood ammonia levels did not change significantly in both groups.

Conclusion. The study showed a significant increase in muscle mass, strength and function in patients with liver cirrhosis and hyperammonemia, receiving LOLA as part of decompensated liver cirrhosis therapy.