bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"You Just Assume It Is In There, I Guess": Understanding UK Families' Application and Knowledge of Smart Home Cyber Security
Authors: Turner Sarah , Pattnaik Nandita , Nurse Jason R.C. , Li Shujun
Published: November 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) is increasingly present in many family homes, yet it is unclear precisely how well families understand the cyber security threats and risks of using such devices, and how possible it is for them to educate themselves on these topics. Using a survey of 553 parents and interviews with 25 families in the UK, we find that families do not consider home IoT devices to be significantly different in terms of threats than more traditional home computers, and believe the major risks to be largely mitigated through consumer protection regulation. As a result, parents focus on teaching being careful with devices to prolong device life use, exposing their families to additional security risks and modeling incorrect security behaviors to their children. This is a risk for the present and also one for the future, as children are not taught about the IoT, and appropriate cyber security management of such devices, at school. We go on to suggest that steps must be taken by manufacturers and governments or appropriate trusted institutions to improve the cyber security knowledge and behaviors of both adults and children in relation to the use of home IoT devices.
A Longitudinal Goal Setting Model for Addressing Complex Personal Problems in Mental Health
Authors: Agapie Elena , Areán Patricia A. , Hsieh Gary , Munson Sean A.
Published: November 2022

Goal setting is critical to achieving desired changes in life. Many technologies support defining and tracking progress toward goals, but these are just some parts of the process of setting and achieving goals. People want to set goals that are more complex than the ones supported through technology. Additionally, people use goal-setting technologies longitudinally, yet the understanding of how people's goals evolve is still limited. We study the collaborative practices of mental health therapists and clients for longitudinally setting and working toward goals through semi-structured interviews with 11 clients and 7 therapists who practiced goal setting in their therapy sessions. Based on the results, we create the Longitudinal Goal Setting Model in mental health, a three-stage model. The model describes how clients and therapists select among multiple complex problems, simplify complex problems to specific goals, and adjust goals to help people address complex issues. Our findings show collaboration between clients and therapists can support transformative reflection practices that are difficult to achieve without the therapist, such as seeing problems through new perspectives, questioning and changing practices, or addressing avoided issues.
Designing a Medical Crowdfunding Website from Sense of Community Theory
Authors: Kim Jennifer G. , Kraut Robert E. , Karahalios Karrie
Published: November 2022

A sense of community is important in encouraging people to contribute to a variety of causes and the communities that support them. Researchers have identified website design features that can engender a sense of community on sites to promote contributions. However, most findings about design features are based on observational empirical research testing single features at a time or on standard practice and rarely use integrated theories to provide rationale for their design suggestions. This work investigates ways to re-design an entire website---with a simulated medical crowdfunding interface entitled Community Journey---informed by Sense of Community Theory to increase site visitors' sense of community and contributions. A between-subjects experiment revealed that the Community Journey interface increased potential supporters' sense of community and their overall willingness to contribute via monetary donations, campaign shares, personal messages, and offline support. Think-aloud interviews identified the interface features responsible for the overall increase in willingness to contribute. Finally, we suggest theory driven design implications for creating websites to build a strong support community and to encourage various contributions.
Research Data Management Commitment Drivers: An Analysis of Practices, Training, Policies, Infrastructure, and Motivation in Global Agricultural Science
Authors: Feger Sebastian S. , Pertiwi Cininta , Bonaiuti Enrico
Published: November 2022

Scientists largely acknowledge the value of research data management (RDM) to enable reproducibility and reuse. But, RDM practices are not sufficiently rewarded within the traditional academic reputation economy. Recent work showed that emerging RDM tools can offer new incentives and rewards. But, the design of such platforms and scientists' commitment to RDM is contingent on additional factors, including policies, training, and several types of personal motivation. To date, studies focused on investigating single or few of those RDM components within a given environment. In contrast, we conducted three studies within a global agricultural science organization, to provide a more complete account of RDM commitment drivers: one survey study (n = 23) and two qualitative explorations of regulatory frameworks (n = 17), as well as motivation, infrastructure, and training components (n = 13). Based on the sum of findings, we contribute to the triangulation of a recent RDM commitment evolution model. In particular, we find that strong support and suitable tools help develop RDM commitment, while policy conflicts, unclear data standards, and multi-platform sharing, lead to unexpected negotiation processes. We expect that these findings will help to better understand RDM commitment drivers, refine the RDM commitment evolution model, and benefit its application in science.
Careful Data Tinkering
Authors: Tran Anh-Ton , Boone Ashley , Le Dantec Christopher A. , DiSalvo Carl
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we describe and analyze the data practices of an activist non-profit, the Housing Justice League. We focus on their Tenant Power Hotline, a community outreach tool for tenants facing eviction and seeking organizing support. This research contributes to existing scholarship that examines data practices and the use of information and communication technologies in non-profit and grassroots organizations. To this existing scholarship, we share the structure of a counter-institution: an organization that strives to operate outside the non-profit industrial complex. We then interpret the work of Housing Justice League through the lens of care, identifying homebrewed databases and data fragmentations as negotiations between care and efficiency. We argue that care is enacted through the assemblage of the technical systems, and present tinkering as an alternative approach to developing data practices.?
Design Implications to Support Integrative Medicine in Pregnancy Care
Authors: Zakeresfahani Arash , Everhart Madeline , Baglione Anna N. , Castellanos Llorca Margarita , Grant Vivian , Omega Nia , Woertz Alexandria , Clawson James
Published: November 2022

The use of integrative medicine (IM) practices during pregnancy are on the rise in the United States and a growing number of individuals seek pregnancy support outside of the conventional medical system every year. There is a variety of integrative medicine providers (IMPs) who work outside the clinical system to fill the gaps in pregnancy support by providing a set of services such as midwifery, doula care, childbirth education, and lactation support. Evidence suggests integrative medicine providers positively impact pregnancy experiences, yet IMPs are often marginalized and excluded from the conventional pregnancy healthcare system. We present results from an ongoing investigation that seeks to understand the roles IMPs play in pregnancy healthcare journeys, and the pregnancy ecology. We interviewed 12 integrative medicine providers to understand their needs and challenges concerning technology, business models, and communication practices. Our findings reflect on a broad range of topics including the intersection of personal and professional journeys, legitimacy within the healthcare system, and the provision of personalized care. We discuss the potential for technology to support IMPs and present implications for the design of future pregnancy support technologies. Improving collaborative care and communication technologies for the IM community has the potential to improve professional experiences and the quality of care provided by IMPs. WARNING: This paper includes detailed personal narratives of individuals' pregnancy healthcare journey including information about, pregnancy, labor, delivery, birth stories, and pregnancy loss.
Maintaining Values
Authors: Jamieson Jack , Foong Eureka , Yamashita Naomi
Published: November 2022

Communication technologies have significant social impacts, and it is important to consider how designers' and developers' values shape their design. Increasingly, these technologies are released as continually evolving platforms and services, so their development involves ongoing discussions and debates about unforeseen problems and future directions. However, there is a gap in research about how designers, developers, and other stakeholders engage with values during later stages of development. We investigate discussions about values in the context of open source software development, focusing on projects related to the Decentralized Web. We conducted a large-scale analysis of GitHub issues among diverse yet ideologically-related projects. We show that the percentage of discussions about values increases later in development, and we identify features and outcomes of conflicts related to open source participants' values. Finally, we propose suggestions to improve upon existing discussion practices by supporting common ground among collaborators with diverse goals, perspectives, and experiences.
The Impact of Sharing Gaze Behaviours in Collaborative Mixed Reality
Authors: Jing Allison , May Kieran , Matthews Brandon , Lee Gun , Billinghurst Mark
Published: November 2022

In a remote collaboration involving a physical task, visualising gaze behaviours may compensate for other unavailable communication channels. In this paper, we report on a 360° panoramic Mixed Reality (MR) remote collaboration system that shares gaze behaviour visualisations between a local user in Augmented Reality and a remote collaborator in Virtual Reality. We conducted two user studies to evaluate the design of MR gaze interfaces and the effect of gaze behaviour (on/off) and gaze style (bi-/uni-directional). The results indicate that gaze visualisations amplify meaningful joint attention and improve co-presence compared to a no gaze condition. Gaze behaviour visualisations enable communication to be less verbally complex therefore lowering collaborators' cognitive load while improving mutual understanding. Users felt that bi-directional behaviour visualisation, showing both collaborator's gaze state, was the preferred condition since it enabled easy identification of shared interests and task progress.
The Substance of Style: How Social Class-Based Styles of Interpersonal Interaction Shape Hiring Assessments at Large Technology Companies
Authors: Chua Phoebe K. , Mazmanian Melissa
Published: November 2022

Individuals' social class background shapes their life experiences and outcomes, including their familial upbringing and educational attainment. However, we know little about how social class background influences the hiring practices of professional settings, and specifically, the ways in which evaluators conceptualize a potential link between social class background and hiring. Through interviewing 50 evaluators at large technology companies, we find that only 19 of them discussed how social class background affects applicants' access to resources, and none articulated the ties between social class background and preferred interpersonal interactional styles. This is particularly troubling because all evaluators described assessing the key hiring criteria of "innovation potential" based on whether applicants display what we term a "transboundary interactional style." This style involves demonstrating an ease with articulating cross-disciplinary ideas as well as facilitating back-and-forth scholarly conversations and debates. While evaluators characterized this style as stemming from applicants' individual personalities, we draw on past sociological literature to suggest that this style is also cultivated in upper-middle-class environments. Given technology companies' expressed desire to hire a diverse workforce by minimizing biases in evaluators' assessments, we conclude with ideas for evaluators to develop more equitable hiring practices.
Towards Responsive Architecture that Mediates Place
Authors: Nguyen Binh Vinh Duc , Han Jihae , Vande Moere Andrew
Published: November 2022

Responsive architecture envisions the built environment to adapt to the changing needs of its occupants dynamically. Although it is increasingly feasible to move space-defining objects like room dividers by mobile robots, little is known about how or when such spatial adaptations should occur. We therefore measured the experience of 26 occupants while they performed six different activities inside an office breakout room that was being adapted by a robotically moving wall in either a reactive or proactive way. Based on these empirical findings, we propose how autonomous spatial adaptation should primarily aim to balance the spatial, situational and subjective qualities of the resulting sense of place. We also define eight distinct design recommendations that exploit the unique affordances of spatial adaptation. By asserting that future advances in human-building interaction (HBI) should be based on creating appropriate places rather than controlling functional spaces, we foresee how responsive architecture might become as compelling as its static counterpart.
Weaving Privacy and Power
Authors: Kapoor Sayash , Sun Matthew , Wang Mona , Jazwinska Klaudia , Watkins Elizabeth Anne
Published: November 2022

We investigate the privacy practices of labor organizers in the computing technology industry and explore the changes in these practices as a response to remote work. Our study is situated at the intersection of two pivotal shifts in workplace dynamics: (a) the increase in online workplace communications due to remote work, and (b) the resurgence of the labor movement and an increase in collective action in workplaces-especially in the tech industry, where this phenomenon has been dubbed the tech worker movement. The shift of work-related communications to online digital platforms in response to an increase in remote work is creating new opportunities for and risks to the privacy of workers. These risks are especially significant for organizers of collective action, with several well-publicized instances of retaliation against labor organizers by companies. Through a series of qualitative interviews with 29 tech workers involved in collective action, we investigate how labor organizers assess and mitigate risks to privacy while engaging in these actions. Among the most common risks that organizers experienced are retaliation from their employer, lateral worker conflict, emotional burnout, and the possibility of information about the collective effort leaking to management. Depending on the nature and source of the risk, organizers use a blend of digital security practices and community-based mechanisms. We find that digital security practices are more relevant when the threat comes from management, while community management and moderation are central to protecting organizers from lateral worker conflict. Since labor organizing is a collective rather than individual project, individual privacy and collective privacy are intertwined, sometimes in conflict and often mutually constitutive. Notions of privacy that solely center individuals are often incompatible with the needs of organizers, who noted that safety in numbers could only be achieved when workers presented a united front to management. Based on our interviews, we identify key topics for future research, such as the growing prevalence of surveillance software and the needs of international and gig worker organizers.We conclude with design recommendations that can help create safer, more secure and more private tools to better address the risks that organizers face.
"Explorers of Unknown Planets"
Authors: Caramiaux Baptiste , Fdili Alaoui Sarah
Published: November 2022

Alongside recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), a new art practice has emerged in recent years that borrows and transforms these advances in the production of artworks. The actors of this emergent practice are coming from contemporary art, media and digital arts. These artists have developed an original practice of AI within their creative field. In this article, we propose a qualitative study to explore the nature of this practice. We interviewed five internationally renowned artists about how AI is integrated into their work. Through a thematic analysis of the interviews, we first find that their practice relies on crafting algorithms and data as materials. We uncover how they explicitly use this material unpredictability rather than avoid it. Secondly, we highlight the politics of their practice that consist of resisting the culture of AI research, as well as its inherent power dynamics. We also highlight how their relationship with the technology is imbued with ethics and how they rethink their role with respect to the technology. In this paper, we aim to provide the CSCW community with a way to expand the framework in which AI can be understood not only as a tool but also as cultural and political design material.
"It's only when somebody says a tool worked for them that I believe it will work for me": Socio-tecture as a lens for Digital Transformation
Authors: Awori Kagonya , Allela Melisa Achoko , Nyairo Stephanie , Maina Samuel C. , O'Neill Jacki
Published: November 2022

Small and Medium sized Businesses (SMBs) make up majority of employment in Africa (around 80%). Understanding the digital transformation that SMBs in Africa went through during the pandemic can play an important role in uncovering how to build solutions that better support the African business and African worker. In this paper we report on findings from a qualitative study with 40 SMBs in Kenya. The study aimed to understand the lived experience of digital transformation, the impacts of COVID-19 on their businesses, and how they responded to such impacts using technology. We found that COVID-prompted digital transformation was reactive and opportunistic, plus social and collective. Moreover, the socialness of business goes way beyond digital transformation, and influences how SMBs in Kenya start, develop and are sustained. In illustrating this, we offer a lens to understanding work and workers of SMBs in Kenya and similar contexts across the globe.
An HCI Research Agenda for Online Science Communication
Authors: Williams Spencer , Jones Ridley , Reinecke Katharina , Hsieh Gary
Published: November 2022

Social media, blogs, podcasts, and other computer-mediated communication technology have become an integral way for the public to access and engage with research. However, despite the evolving challenges researchers face navigating these platforms, and the high stakes of online science communication, relatively little HCI research has focused on understanding and supporting online science communication through these participatory platforms. Through a review of the literature and a set of interviews with HCI researchers (n = 24), we identify challenges currently facing researchers who try to engage with the public about their work, and establish a research agenda for HCI to study, design, and evaluate technology to support science communication. Specifically, we advocate for the design of tools to support audience analytics, automated summary and outreach workflows, and providing quantitative and qualitative feedback about online outreach efforts, as well as additional research to elucidate the impacts of self-directed science communication efforts and the evolving roles of scientists on the participatory web. With shifting online platforms placing researchers in the role of advocates and participants in science communication, understanding and supporting these interactions is now more important than ever.
Uncovering Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) from Clinical Narratives within the Electronic Health Record
Authors: Nova Fayika Farhat , Pfafman Rachel , Kardys Kelley , Kerrigan Connie , Guha Shion , Pater Jessica
Published: November 2022

Adverse Childhood Events (ACEs) are potentially traumatic events that occur in childhood (e.g., sexual abuse and maternal violence). Clinical research highlights the significant impact ACEs have on youth's mental health similar to other youth-related issues like traditional bullying and cyberbullying. However, research focused on the intersection of these two are limited. We report the results from a qualitative study that used electronic health record (EHR) data and clinical narratives from Parkview Behavioral Health hospital (n=719) to better understand the presentation of ACEs in patients who indicated cyber/bullying contributed to their inpatient hospital admission. Our deductive thematic analyses on the clinical narratives/notes and diagnoses highlight the connection of ACEs with cyber/bullying and other clinical diagnoses like depression, anxiety, PTSD, and ADD/ADHD. Additionally, our results point to potential impacts of the gender spectrum and other non-ACE indicators like adoption and the need for Department of Child Services (DCS). The outcome of this study provides distinct computational and clinical design guidelines for better collaborative decision making in healthcare, including the need for ACEs screening as standard-of-care within acute mental health settings. CAUTION: This paper includes graphic contents about adverse childhood traumas and events.
Understanding Multi-View Collaboration between Augmented Reality and Remote Desktop Users
Authors: Fages Arthur , Fleury Cédric , Tsandilas Theophanis
Published: November 2022

Establishing an effective collaboration between augmented-reality (AR) and remote desktop users is a challenge because collaborators do not share a common physical space and equipment. Yet, such asymmetrical collaboration configurations are common today for many design tasks, due to the geographical distance of people or unusual circumstances such as a lockdown. We conducted a first study to investigate trade-offs of three remote representations of an AR workspace: a fully virtual representation, a first-person view, and an external view. Building on our findings, we designed ARgus, a multi-view video-mediated communication system that combines these representations through interactive tools for navigation, previewing, pointing, and annotation. We report on a second user study that observed how 12 participants used ARgus to provide remote instructions for an AR furniture arrangement task. Participants extensively used its view transition tools, while the system reduced their reliance on verbal instructions.
Understanding Teenage Perceptions and Configurations of Privacy on Instagram
Authors: Zhao Dorothy , Inaba Mikako , Monroy-Hernández Andrés
Published: November 2022

As teenage use of social media platform continues to proliferate, so do concerns about teenage privacy and safety online. Prior work has established that privacy on networked publics, such as social media, is complex, requiring users to navigate not only the technical affordances on the platform but also interpersonal relationships and social norms. We investigate how teenagers think about privacy on the popular image-sharing platform, Instagram. We draw on an online survey (N=144) and semi-structured interviews (N=21) with teenagers, ages 13-19, to gain a better understanding how teenagers configure privacy on the popular image-sharing platform Instagram and why they make these privacy decisions. Finally, based on our findings, we provide design recommendations towards the design of better privacy controls for promoting teenage safety online.
Generating Practices: Investigations into the Double Embedding of GDPR and Data Access Policies
Authors: Petelka Justin , Oreglia Elisa , Finn Megan , Srinivasan Janaki
Published: November 2022

The right of access, found in the EU's GDPR and similar data protection regulations around the world, requires corporations and other organizations to give people access to the data they hold about them. Such regulations create obligations for data controllers but leave flexibility on how to achieve them, resulting in variation in how Data Subject Access Requests (DSARs) are implemented by different corporations. To understand the various practices emerging around DSARs and how requesting data influences the way people think of data protection laws, we asked participants in India, the UK and USA to make 38 DSARs from 11 different companies. Using the metaphor of the policy-design-practice "knot" ~\citejacksonPolicyKnotReintegrating2014, we examine DSARs as a case of the co-constitutive links between policy, design, and practice. We find that the DSAR process was not linear and participants employed many work-arounds. The challenges they encountered in the overall DSAR process negatively affected their perceptions of data protection policies. Our study suggests that researchers have to be flexible in adapting research methodology to understanding emerging practices, and that there is a need for more collaborative experimentation with DSARs before standardizing the process.
Improving Students Argumentation Learning with Adaptive Self-Evaluation Nudging
Authors: Wambsganss Thiemo , Janson Andreas , Käser Tanja , Leimeister Jan Marco
Published: November 2022

Recent advantages from computational linguists can be leveraged to nudge students with adaptive self-evaluation based on their argumentation skill level. To investigate how individual argumentation self-evaluation will help students write more convincing texts, we designed an intelligent argumentation writing support system called ArgumentFeedback based on nudging theory and evaluated it in a series of three qualitative and quantitative studies with a total of 83 students. We found that students who received a self-evaluation nudge wrote more convincing texts with a better quality of formal and perceived argumentation compared to the control group. The measured self-efficacy and the technology acceptance provide promising results for embedding adaptive argumentation writing support tools in combination with digital nudging in traditional learning settings to foster self-regulated learning. Our results indicate that the design of nudging-based learning applications for self-regulated learning combined with computational methods for argumentation self-evaluation has a beneficial use to foster better writing skills of students.
Biased Bytes: On the Validity of Estimating Food Consumption from Digital Traces
Authors: Gligoric Kristina , Ðordevic Irena , West Robert
Published: November 2022

Given that measuring food consumption at a population scale is a challenging task, researchers have begun to explore digital traces (e.g., from social media or from food-tracking applications) as potential proxies. However, it remains unclear to what extent digital traces reflect real food consumption. The present study aims to bridge this gap by quantifying the link between dietary behaviors as captured via social media (Twitter) v.s. a food-tracking application (MyFoodRepo). We focus on the case of Switzerland and contrast images of foods collected through the two platforms, by designing and deploying a novel crowdsourcing framework for estimating biases with respect to nutritional properties and appearance. We find that the food type distributions in social media v.s. food tracking diverge; e.g., bread is 2.5 times more frequent among consumed and tracked foods than on Twitter, whereas cake is 12 times more frequent on Twitter. Controlling for the different food type distributions, we contrast consumed and tracked foods of a given type with foods shared on Twitter. Across food types, food posted on Twitter is perceived as tastier, more caloric, less healthy, less likely to have been consumed at home, more complex, and larger-portioned, compared to consumed and tracked foods. The fact that there is a divergence between food consumption as measured via the two platforms implies that at least one of the two is not a faithful representation of the true food consumption in the general Swiss population. Thus, researchers should be attentive and aim to establish evidence of validity before using digital traces as a proxy for the true food consumption of a general population. We conclude by discussing the potential sources of these biases and their implications, outlining pitfalls and threats to validity, and proposing actionable ways for overcoming them.
Understanding Instructors' Cultivation of Connectedness in K-12 Online Synchronous Culturally Responsive STEM and Computing Education
Authors: Solyst Jaemarie , Nkrumah Tara , Stewart Angela B. , Lee Jina , Walker Erin , Ogan Amy
Published: November 2022

Culturally responsive STEM and computing initiatives aim to engage and embolden a diverse range of learners, center their identity and experiences in curriculum, and connect learners to each other and their communities. With an abrupt pivot to online learning at the beginning of 2020, more educational experiences have taken place virtually. We ran a virtual synchronous culturally responsive computing camp and saw that establishing the right environment online to support a good sense of connectedness was challenging. To investigate this further, we interviewed eight K-12 instructors of culturally responsive STEM and computing programs. Three themes emerged on defining and cultivating connectedness in learning experiences, the role of equity in supporting community online, and affordances of being online specific to culturally responsive perspectives. We support our thematic findings with vignettes from the camp data. In this study, we address K-12 culturally responsive STEM and computing instructors' beliefs, experiences, and approaches regarding cultivating connectedness online. This work fills a gap in understanding instructor perspectives on building in-program and broader community connections online from a culturally responsive STEM and computing lens.
Robust and Efficient Sorting with Offset-value Coding
Authors: Do Thanh , Graefe Goetz
Published: November 2022

Sorting and searching are large parts of database query processing, e.g., in the forms of index creation, index maintenance, and index lookup, and comparing pairs of keys is a substantial part of the effort in sorting and searching. We have worked on simple, efficient implementations of decades-old, neglected, effective techniques for fast comparisons and fast sorting, in particular offset-value coding. In the process, we happened upon its mutually beneficial relationship with prefix truncation in run files as well as the duality of compression techniques in row- and column-format storage structures, namely prefix truncation and run-length encoding of leading key columns. We also found a beneficial relationship with consumers of sorted streams, e.g., merging parallel streams, in-stream aggregation, and merge join. We report on our implementation in the context of Google’s Napa and F1 Query systems as well as an experimental evaluation of performance and scalability.
Sex-related external factors influence pulmonary vascular angiogenesis in a sex-dependent manner
Authors: Hayward-Piatkovskyi Brielle , Gonyea Cailin R. , Pyle Sienna C. , Lingappan Krithika , Gleghorn Jason P.
Published: November 2022

We identified a sex-specific phenotype wherein male HPMECs produce fewer but longer sprouts than females. Surprisingly, the presence of sex hormones only modifies the male phenotype, resulting in shorter and even fewer sprouts. Furthermore, we found the sex-specific secretome has a sex-dependent influence on angiogenesis that is also sex-hormone sensitive. These new and surprising findings point to the unappreciated role of sex and sex-related exogenous factors in early developmental angiogenesis.
Remote ischemic conditioning in Ossabaw minipigs induces the release of humoral cardioprotective triggers, but the myocardium does not respond with reduced infarct size
Authors: Lieder Helmut Raphael , Skyschally Andreas , Sturek Michael , Heusch Gerd , Kleinbongard Petra
Published: November 2022

Ischemic conditioning reduces myocardial infarct size in all species tested so far. In the present study, we used Ossabaw minipigs that had a genetic predisposition to, but not yet established a metabolic syndrome. In these pigs, remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) induced the release of cardioprotective triggers but did not reduce infarct size. Transfer of their plasma, however, reduced infarct size in isolated recipient rat hearts, along with signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 activation.
Effect of Heat Stress on Rumen Microbial Diversity and Fermentation Pattern in Buffalo
Authors: Yadav Brijesh , Yadav Poonam , Kumar Muneendra , Vasvani Shalini , Anand Mukul , Kumar Avinash , Swain Dilip Kumar , Yadav Sarvajeet , Madan Arun Kumar
Published: November 2022

In this study, changes in rumen microbiome and fermentation were examined during heat stress (HS) in buffaloes. Six buffalo heifers were exposed to thermoneutral (

THI
=
72

) and HS (

THI
=
87
–
90

) conditions for 6 h between 10 AM and 4 PM for 21 days in the climatic chamber. A digestibility trial with four-day collection period was conducted at the end of the study, and rumen liquor was collected on day 21. At the phylum level, an increased (

p
<
0.05

) abundance of Firmicutes and a decreased (

p
<
0.05

) abundance of Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes were observed during HS compared to thermoneutral conditions. The abundance of 6 different genera of phylum Firmicutes, YRC22 (phylum Bacteroidetes), and Stenotrophomonas (phylum Proteobacteria) was increased (

p
<
0.05

), whereas B. firmus, Lysinibacillus, Bacteroides unclassified genus (family Enterobacteriaceae), and Methanobrevibacter decreased (

p
<
0.05

) during HS compared to control. Eight new genera from four different phyla were detected after HS exposure, whereas one genus was not detected in the rumen after HS exposure, which was present during thermoneutral conditions. Dry matter intake, volatile fatty acid concentration, and digestibility did not change (

p
>
0.05

) during HS. It can be concluded that the resilience of the rumen microbial population invokes adaptive responses by changing their abundance to minimize the adverse effects on fermentation and digestibility in buffalo heifers.
SF-LAP: Secure M2M Communication in IIoT with a Single-Factor Lightweight Authentication Protocol
Authors: Shahzad Khurram , Alam Masoom , Javaid Nadeem , Waheed Abdul , Chaudhry Shehzad Ashraf , Mansoor Nafees , Zareei Mahdi
Published: November 2022

Machine-to-machine communication allows smart devices like sensors, actuators, networks, gateways, and other controllers to communicate with one another. The industrial Internet of things (IIoT) has become a vital component. Many industrial devices are connected to perform a task automatically in machine-to-machine communication, but they are not properly secured, allowing an adversary to compromise them against a variety of attacks due to communication system vulnerabilities. Recently, a secure lightweight authentication protocol (SLAP) was proposed by Panda et al. They asserted that every known attack that could happen in the IIoT is deterred by their suggested protocol. In this study, we prove that the SLAP protocol is vulnerable to desynchronization, impersonation, replay, and eavesdropping attacks. To prevent these attacks and enhance that protocol, we need to implement a secure authentication mechanism that ensures the security of communication. This paper proposed a secure M2M Communication in IIoT with a single-factor lightweight authentication protocol (SF-LAP). Single-factor authentication is a simple and secure way to communicate. It uses less power and communication overhead while providing a secure mechanism for conversation. In the machine-to-machine (M2M) scenario, the proposed protocol uses an exclusive-OR operation and a hashing function to ensure secure communication between the sensor and the controller. The proposed mechanism uses a secure preshared key and timestamp technique to protect and safeguard this connection against desynchronization attacks and eavesdropping attacks. We used Burrows Abadi Needham (BAN) Gong, Needham, and Yahalom (GNY) logic, and the automated validation of Internet security protocols applications (AVISPA) tool for formal verification and perform a security analysis as an informal verification to make sure the suggested protocol is secure. Analysis that shows the SF-LAP consumes the least computing and communication overhead and is more secure because it prevents desynchronization and eavesdropping attacks to all of the known attacks that are modification attacks, tracing attacks, impersonation, man-in-the-middle, and replay attacks.
Multirobot System to Explore Unknown Environment with Connection Maintenance
Authors: Xavier A Jasmine , Nadar Kannan Pauliah
Published: November 2022

This paper addresses the problem of exploring an unknown environment using multiple robots and maintaining the communication among the team of robots. The existing exploration methods assume that the communication is maintained among the team of robots throughout the exploration process. However, this is not possible when the area to be explored is very large and when there is limited communication range. The presented exploration methods provide communication maintenance among the team of robots and maintain coordination. Three different approaches are presented for exploration. They are centralized approach, leader-follower approach, and ad hoc approach. The concept of centralized approach is developed where the base station is connected to all the robots in the team. The concept of leader-follower approach is developed, where among the team of robots, a leader will be selected. The concept of ad hoc approach is developed in which even though the robots are not within the communication range of one another, communication will occur through ad hoc network. The performance evaluation is done for the above three approaches based on the path length, exploration time, and total number of cycles required to explore the complete area. Systematic approach is used to examine the effect of influence of the exploration parameters like the number of robots, communication range of a robot, and sensor range of a robot on the performance metrics. It is investigated that when there is increase in the exploration parameters, then the exploration time is reduced.
Comprehensive Temporal Protein Dynamics during Postirradiation Recovery in Deinococcus radiodurans
Authors: Xiong Yan , Wei Linyang , Xin Shuchen , Min Rui , Liu Feng , Li Nuomin , Zhang Yongqian
Published: November 2022

Deinococcus radiodurans (D. radiodurans) is an extremophile that can tolerate ionizing radiation, ultraviolet radiation, and oxidation. How D. radiodurans responds to and survives high levels of ionizing radiation is still not clear. In this study, we performed label-free proteomics to explore the proteome dynamics during postirradiation recovery (PIR). Surprisingly, proteins involved in translation were repressed during the initial hours of PIR. D. radiodurans also showed enhanced DNA repair and antioxidative response after 6 kGy of gamma irradiation. Moreover, proteins involved in sulfur metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism were enriched at 1 h and 12 h, respectively, indicating different energy and material needs during PIR. Furthermore, based on these findings, we proposed a novel model to elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms of robust radioresistance in D. radiodurans, which may serve as a reference for future radiation repair.
ST3GAL3 Promotes the Inflammatory Response of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis by Activating the TLR9/MyD88 Pathway
Authors: Xu Liming , Niu Xuegang , Liu Yifan , Liu Lining
Published: November 2022

This study is aimed at investigating the role of β-galactoside-α2,3-sialyltransferase III (ST3GAL3) in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as well as its potential mechanism of action. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to analyse the expression of ST3GAL3 and the enrichment signalling pathways associated with ST3GAL3 in RA. The effects of ST3GAL3 on tumour necrosis factor- (TNF-) α and interleukin- (IL-) 1β-treated MH7A cells were determined using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), transwell, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The expression of proliferation-associated proteins and Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway-enriched proteins was analysed using western blotting. As a main result, ST3GAL3 was screened as an overlapping upregulated gene from GSE101193 and GSE94519 datasets. ST3GAL3 expression in MH7A cells significantly increased with increasing treatment time with TNF-α or IL-1β. TLR9/myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) is a downstream activation pathway of ST3GAL3. ST3GAL3 overexpression promoted MH7A cell proliferation and migration. Additionally, ST3GAL3 overexpression upregulated the expression of proliferation-associated proteins (cyclinD, cyclinE, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and TLR pathway enrichment factors (TLR9 and MyD88) and increased the production of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) 1, MMP3, interleukin- (IL-) 6, and IL-8, whereas si-ST3GAL3 had the opposite effect. The addition of TLR9 agonists (CpG 2216 and CpG 2006) reversed the effects of si-ST3GAL3 on MH7A cell proliferation, migration, and inflammation. TLR9-specific siRNA reversed the effects of ST3GAL3 overexpression on MH7A cell proliferation, migration, and inflammation. In conclusion, ST3GAL3 is likely involved in RA pathogenesis by activating the TLR9/MyD88 pathway.
Effect of Dietary Lipid Level on Growth Performance, Body Composition, and Physiometabolic Responses of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) Juveniles Reared in Inland Ground Saline Water
Authors: Paul Mritunjoy , Sardar Parimal , Sahu Narottam Prasad , Jana Prasanta , Deo Ashutosh Dharmendra , Harikrishna Vungurala , Varghese Tincy , Shamna Nazeema , Kumar Pankaj , Krishna Gopal
Published: November 2022

A 60-day feeding trial was carried out to determine the effect of dietary lipid levels on growth and physiometabolic responses to optimize the dietary lipid requirement for maximizing the growth of Genetically Improved FarmedTilapia (GIFT) juveniles reared in inland ground saline water (IGSW) of medium salinity (15 ppt). Formulation and preparation of seven heterocaloric (389.56-449.02 Kcal digestible energy/100 g), heterolipidic (40-160 g/kg), and isonitrogenous (410 g/kg crude protein) purified diets were done for conducting the feeding trial. Random distribution of 315 acclimatized fish (mean weight

1.90
±
0.01

 g) was made in seven experimental groups such as CL4 (40 g/kg lipid), CL6 (60 g/kg lipid), CL8 (80 g/kg lipid), CL10 (100 g/kg lipid), CL12 (120 g/kg lipid), CP14 (140 g/kg lipid), and CL16 (160 g/kg lipid) with 15 fish per triplicate tank (fish density, 0.21 kg/m3). Respective diets were used for feeding the fish at satiation level three times daily. Results indicated that weight gain percentage (WG%), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio, and protease activity significantly increased up to 100 g lipid/kg fed group, and then the values significantly decreased. Muscle ribonucleic acid (RNA) content and lipase activity were highest in 120 g/kg lipid-fed group. RNA/DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and serum high-density lipoproteins levels of 100 g/kg lipid-fed group were significantly higher than 140, and 160 g/kg lipid-fed groups. The lowest feed conversion ratio was found in the 100 g/kg lipid-fed group. The amylase activity was significantly higher in 40 and 60 g lipid/kg fed groups. The whole-body lipid level was increased with increasing the dietary lipid levels, whereas, there was no significant difference in whole-body moisture, crude protein, and crude ash contents of all groups. Highest serum glucose, total protein and albumin, and albumin to globulin ratio and lowest low-density lipoproteins level were found in 140 and 160 g/kg lipid-fed groups. Serum osmolality and osmoregulatory capacity did not vary significantly, whereas carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase showed an increased and decreased trend, respectively, with the increasing dietary lipid levels. According to second-order polynomial regression analysis based on WG% and SGR, the optimum dietary lipid for GIFT juveniles in IGSW of 15 ppt salinity was found to be 99.1 and 100.1 g/kg, respectively.
Application Analysis of Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment Nursing Mode Based on Doctor-Nurse-Integration for Stroke Patients Undergoing Emergency Intervention Surgery
Authors: Zhong Hai , Liang Aiqun , Luo Huanhuan , Hu Xiaolong , Xu Shengxiang , Zheng Ziming , Zhu Xiaoping
Published: November 2022

Purpose. To analyze the application value of multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment (MDT) nursing mode based on doctor-nurse-integration for stroke patients undergoing emergency intervention surgery. Methods. In this study, a historical comparative study method was adopted. 118 stroke patients and medical staff (9 doctors and 11 nurses) who met the diagnosis and inclusion criteria of emergency intervention surgery admitted from July 2021 to February 2022 were treated clinically according to the traditional medical care mode (TMC group), 87 stroke patients and medical staff (9 doctors and 11 nurses) who met the diagnosis and inclusion criteria of emergency intervention surgery admitted from February 2022 to June 2022 were treated and cared according to the MDT nursing mode based on medical integration (MDT group). Comparison of perioperative time indicators, postoperative outcome indicators, treatment compliance, secondary complications and visit satisfaction between the two groups of patients, and comparison of cooperation satisfaction between the two groups of medical staff. Results. The MDT group had shorter onset—emergency physician’s reception time, arrival at CT room—completion time of CT/MR, notify intervention chamber—arrival time at catheter chamber, admission—femoral artery puncture time, admission—first vessel recanalization time, mean postural restraint time than the TMC group (

P
<
0.05

). The postoperative mortality rate in the MDT group (5.75%) was comparable to that in the TMC group (8.47%) (

P
>
0.05

); the postoperative disability rate in the MDT group (28.74%) was less than that in the TMC group (45.76%) (

P
<
0.05

); the NIHSS score in the MDT group was lower than that in the TMC group, and the FMA score and BI score were both higher than those in the TMC group (

P
<
0.05

). The MDT group had higher treatment compliance than the TMC group, fewer secondary complications than the TMC group, and higher patient visit satisfaction and medical staff cooperation satisfaction than the TMC group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The implementation of the MDT nursing mode based on the doctor-nurse-integration for stroke patients undergoing emergency intervention surgery can improve the work efficiency of rescuing patients, improve the clinical treatment outcome of patients, and improve the satisfaction of doctors, nurses, and patients.