bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Costs, Benefits, Parasites and Mutualists: The Use and Abuse of the Mutualism–Parasitism Continuum Concept for “Epichloë” Fungi
Authors: Newman Jonathan A. , Gillis Sierra , Hager Heather A.
Published: January 2022

The species comprising the fungal endophyte genus Epichloë are symbionts of cool season grasses. About half the species in this genus are strictly vertically transmitted, and evolutionary theory suggests that these species must be mutualists. Nevertheless, Faeth and Sullivan (e.g., 2003) have argued that such vertically transmitted endophytes are “usually parasitic,” and Müller and Krauss (2005) have argued that such vertically transmitted endophytes fall along a mutualism-parasitism continuum. These papers (and others) have caused confusion in the field. We used a systematic review to show that close to half of the published papers in this field incorrectly categorize the interaction. Here, we develop the argument that advantages and disadvantages are not the same things as mutualism and parasitism and that experimental evidence must be interpreted in the context of theory. We argue that, contra Faeth and Sullivan, it is highly unlikely that such strictly vertically transmitted endophytes can be parasites, and that, contra Müller and Krauss, it is inappropriate to apply the continuum concept to strictly vertically transmitted endophytes. We develop a mathematical model to support and illustrate our arguments. We use the model to clarify that parasitism requires some degree of horizontal transmission, and that while it is appropriate to use the continuum concept when referring to the genus as a whole, or to species that possess horizontal transmission, we argue that it is inappropriate to use the concept when referring to species that are strictly vertically transmitted.
Dinámica de las estructuras eclesiales territoriales en Argentina: ¿desinstitucionalización de la iglesia católica?
Authors: Suárez Ana Lourdes , Olszanowski Martín
Published: January 2022

Este artículo analiza la creación de estructuras eclesiales territoriales de la Iglesia católica en Argentina desde mediados del siglo XX hasta el presente. Sobre la base de un análisis inédito de datos provistos por la Agencia Informativa Católica Argentina (AICA) se analiza la relación del proceso de creación de parroquias, capillas y santuarios con la evolución numérica de los agentes eclesiales que atienden estos lugares de culto. Se vinculan, asimismo, estos aspectos con la evolución de la población católica y la de la población general del país. Se argumenta que la respuesta de la jerarquía eclesiástica al creciente distanciamiento institucional de los creyentes fue la de fortalecer su presencia, incrementando sostenidamente sus estructuras territoriales, aun si esta estrategia presiona la capacidad cada vez más limitada de la Iglesia católica, especialmente en términos de sus recursos humanos especializados, para atender estas estructuras. Los resultados permiten matizar la hipótesis de la creciente desinstitucionalización religiosa en el campo religioso. Entre las respuestas de la jerarquía eclesiástica católica al creciente distanciamiento de los creyentes de las instituciones religiosas se cuenta la de fortalecer su presencia territorial a través de una creciente institucionalización, medida en términos de creación de lugares de culto.
De milagros, imágenes y santuarios: apropiaciones simbólicas en tres cultos católicos sudamericanos
Authors: Costilla Julia
Published: January 2022

Este trabajo presenta un análisis antropológico sobre imágenes católicas milagrosas, partiendo de una investigación comparativa y de larga duración sobre tres santuarios sudamericanos: dos de origen colonial, el de la Virgen de Copacabana (Bolivia) y el del Señor de los Milagros de Lima (Perú), y el más reciente de la Virgen del Rosario de San Nicolás (Argentina). Siguiendo lineamientos conceptuales de la antropología simbólica y a través de una indagación histórico-etnográfica, con documentos de archivo y trabajo de campo, se analiza cómo se construyen simbologías sagradas y las apropiaciones movilizadas en torno a ellas. Se afirma en este artículo que en los tres cultos las simbologías centrales se manifiestan como una entidad tripartita: imagen/ milagro/ santuario, y que en cada caso se expresó con mayor peso uno de esos tres aspectos. Se definen significados comunes a las tres simbologías y se plantea que sus historias dan cuenta de cinco modalidades de apropiación –de empleo e interpretación– de tales símbolos: 1) evangelizadora/civilizadora; 2) devocional; 3) político-eclesiástica; 4) sociopolítica; 5) económica. De esta manera, se propone un modelo para el estudio antropológico de santuarios católicos que pueda ser utilizado y contrastado empíricamente en investigaciones sobre cultos similares.
Face mask use in the community and cutaneous reactions to them during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of a national survey in Italy
Authors: Cazzaniga Simone , Pezzolo Elena , Colombo Paolo , Naldi Luigi
Published: January 2022

To mitigate the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, many countries have imposed the public use of face masks. We investigated attitudes and skin reactions in the Italian individuals wearing face masks during the pandemic. A cross-sectional survey on a random sample (N=1001) of the Italian adult population was conducted in May 2020 by the Italian Group for Epidemiological Research in Dermatology, and the Gallup International Association. Univariable and multivariable regression analysis were used to estimate the odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. Most individuals (72.5%) wore a mask, 56.5% used a surgical mask and 53.0% a disposable mask. One-third changed the mask at least once a day, two-thirds kept a distance of at least one meter from each other, 50% washed their hands before wearing a mask, and 17.6% adopted multiple hygienic behaviors. Twenty percent of individuals reported redness, swelling, itching or erosions in the skin area of mask contact; the risk of this reaction was associated with young age, the use of respirators and a history of pre-existing contact eczema, psoriasis or atopic dermatitis. Health educational programs may improve compliance with combined preventive measures and reduce skin reactions.
Licorice and its applications for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Law Siukan
Published: January 2022

Licorice is a common Chinese herbal medicine in China. Glycyrrhizic acid (C42H62O16), and glucoside are the major active chemical ingredients that possess antioxidant, antiviral, anti-infective, and anti-inflammatory properties. It can either cure (e.g. SARS-CoV-2) or cause diseases (e.g. hypertension or heart attack), so care is needed in the dosage of licorice. Some library search engines were used such as SCI/SCIE, PubMed, and Scopus. In this mini-review, the keywords searched include “licorice”, “traditional Chinese medicine + licorice”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “licorice + SARSCoV- 2” etc. in the last thirty years. The author discusses the background, usage, risk of licorice, the research progress on its antiviral activity as well as some Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formulations for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
Enhancing pharmaceutical potential and oral bioavailability of Allium cepa nanosuspension in male albino rats using response surface methodology
Authors: Zafar Fatiqa , Jahan Nazish , Ali Shaukat , Jamil Saba , Hussain Riaz , Aslam Saba
Published: January 2022

Objective:

To enhance the pharmaceutical potential and oral bioavailability of quercetin contents of Allium cepa peel extract by novel nanosuspension technology.

Methods:

Nanoprecipitation approach was successfully used for the formulation of nanosuspension. To obtain pharmaceutical-grade nanosuspension with minimum particle size and polydispersity index, sodium lauryl sulphate was selected as a stabilizer. Important formulation parameters were statistically optimized by the response surface methodology approach. The optimized nanosuspension was subjected to stability and in vitro dissolution testing and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and zeta sizer. To evaluate the preeminence of nanosuspension over coarse suspension, comparative bioavailability studies were carried out in male albino rats. The pharmaceutical potential of developed nanosuspension was evaluated by antioxidant, antimicrobial, and toxicity studies.

Results:

The optimized nanosuspension showed an average particle size of 275.5 nm with a polydispersity index and zeta potential value of 0.415 and -48.8 mV, respectively. Atomic force microscopy revealed that the average particle size of nanosuspension was below 100 nm. The formulated nanosuspension showed better stability under refrigerated conditions. Nanosuspension showed an improved dissolution rate and a 2.14-fold greater plasma concentration of quercetin than coarse suspension. Moreover, the formulated nanosuspension exhibited enhanced antioxidant and antimicrobial potential and was non-toxic.

Conclusions:

Optimization of nanosuspension effectively improves the pharmaceutical potential and oral bioavailability of Allium cepa extract.
Protein extract of kenaf seed exhibits anticoagulant, antiplatelet and antioxidant activities
Authors: Hanumegowda Sujatha M. , Srinivasa Chandramma , Shivaiah Ashwini , Venkatappa Manjula M. , Hanumanthappa Ramesha , Rangappa Rajesh , Laxmaiah Ramesh K. , Gonchigar Sathisha J. , Sannaningaiah Devaraja
Published: January 2022

Objective:

To explore the anticoagulant, antiplatelet and antioxidant activities of protein extract of kenaf seed (PEKS).

Methods:

Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography techniques were employed for protein characterization. Antioxidant activity of PEKS was assessed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The protective effect of PEKS on sodium nitrite (NaNO2) induced oxidative stress was evaluated using the in vitro red blood cell model, while the effect of PEKS on diclofenac-induced oxidative stress was examined in vivo in rats. Platelet-rich plasma and platelet-poor plasma were used for anticoagulant and antiplatelet activities of PEKS.

Results:

PEKS revealed similar protein bands on SDS-PAGE under reduced and non-reduced conditions. Several acidic proteins were present in native PAGE. PEKS showed antioxidant properties by scavenging DPPH with an IC50 of 24.58 μg. PEKS exhibited a protective effect on NaNO2 induced oxidative stress in red blood cells by restoring the activity of stress markers. In addition, PEKS alleviated diclofenac-induced tissue damage of the liver, kidney, and small intestine. PEKS showed an anticoagulant effect in both in vivo and in vitro experiments by enhancing normal clotting time. PEKS did not affect prothrombin time but increase activated partial thromboplastin time. Furthermore, PEKS inhibited adenosine diphosphate and epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation.

Conclusions:

PEKS protects tissues from oxidative stress and exhibits antithrombotic activity.
Barrientosiimonas humi ethyl acetate extract exerts cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells via induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest
Authors: Yeoh Chiann Ying , Rosandy Andi Rifki , Khalid Rozida Mohd , Cheah Yoke Kqueen
Published: January 2022

Objective:

To elucidate the cytotoxic effect of the secondary metabolites of Barrientosiimonas humi (B. humi) on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and its underlying mechanisms of action.

Methods:

The extract was obtained from the fermentation of B. humi and fractionation of the crude extract was conducted via column chromatography. Cytotoxicity of the B. humi extract was determined by using MTT assay and real-time cellular analysis. Morphological changes, cell cycle profiles, mode of cell death, and caspase expressions of control and treated breast cancer cells were determined.

Results:

The ethyl acetate extract isolated from B. humi was cytotoxic against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. One of the dichloromethane (DCM) fractions, designated as DCM-F2, exhibited the strongest activity among all the fractions and thereby was selected for further studies. DCM-F2 had selective cytotoxicity on target cells by inducing apoptosis, particularly in the early stage, and cell cycle arrest. Treated cells caused inhibition of cell cycle progression at 72 h leading to a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the G0/G1 population. DCM-F2 treated MDA-MB-231 cells showed caspase-dependent apoptosis, whereas DCM-F2 treated MCF-7 cells showed a caspase-independent apoptosis pathway. Five compounds were successfully isolated from B. humi. Cyclo (Pro-Tyr) was the most cytotoxic and selective compound against MCF-7 cells.

Conclusions:

B. humi ethyl acetate extract exhibits significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells via induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
Taurine in semen extender modulates post-thaw semen quality, sperm kinematics and oxidative stress status in mithun (Bos frontalis) spermatozoa
Authors: Ponraj Perumal , Khate Kobu , Vupru Kezhavituo
Published: January 2022

Objective:

To assess the effect of taurine on post-thaw semen quality parameters, sperm kinematics, antioxidant and oxidative stress profiles and sperm cholesterol efflux in mithun (Bos frontalis).

Methods:

A total of 50 ejaculates (n=25 samples) were selected based on biophysical parameters. Each sample was split into four equal aliquots after dilution with the Tris-citrate-glycerol extender. Group I, II, III and IV contained 0 mM (the control), 25 mM, 50 mM and 100 mM of taurine, respectively. Frozen-thawed samples were analysed for motility parameters (progressive forward and in bovine cervical mucus penetration test), kinetic and velocity parameters by computer-assisted sperm analyzer, viability, sperm and nuclear abnormalities, acrosome integrity, plasma membrane and nuclear integrities, sperm enzymatic leakage and biochemical (sperm cholesterol and oxidative stress) profiles.

Results:

The extender containing 50 mM taurine led to a significant enhancement in viability, acrosomal integrity, plasma membrane integrity, motility (progressive and in cervical mucus), and sperm cholesterol content and notably reduced sperm morphological and nuclear abnormalities, and leakage of intracellular enzymes compared to other taurine treated and untreated control groups (P<0.05). Moreover, in addition to significant improvement in kinetic and velocity profiles, 50 mM taurine protected the integrity of acrosome and biochemical membranes than in the untreated control and other taurine treated groups. Inclusion of 50 mM taurine held a clear advantage over the control or 25 mM or 100 mM taurine in cryopreservation of mithun semen.

Conclusions:

Taurine (50 mM) supplementation in semen extender can be effectively utilized to reduce oxidative stress and improve post-thaw semen quality in mithun.
Correlation between macular perfusion and ganglion-cell complex thickness in primary open-angle glaucoma patients using optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Hassan Lameece M. , Abdelrahman Ahmed M. , Habib Mina M. , Kotb Mohamed S.
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study was to correlate the macular perfusion and ganglion-cell complex (GCC) thickness in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Patients and methods

This is a cross-sectional observational study that included 51 eyes of 51 patients with POAG. The vascular density (VD) in the superficial vascular complex and deep vascular complex (SVC and DVC) was assessed by OCTA and the GCC thickness was assessed by spectral-domain OCT. Patients were divided into three groups according to severity by visual field mean deviation into mild (less than −6.0 dB), moderate (between −6.0 and −12.0 dB), and severe (more than −12.0 dB).

Results

The mean VD measurements in the SVC were 46.0±5.8, 45.8±4.4, and 36.0±6.6 in the ‘mild,’ ‘moderate,’ and ‘severe’ groups, respectively, while in the DVC, the mean VD measurements were 49.8±8.0, 47.0±7.4, and 40.4±9.4, respectively. The differences in the VD between the three groups were more significant in the SVC (P<0.001) than in the DVC (P=0.004). The correlation between the GCC thickness and the VD was statistically significant in the SVC only in the whole image and in the perifoveal area (P<0.001).

Conclusion

In POAG patients, changes in VD in the macular area measured with OCTA can be correlated with GCC changes and visual-field changes and can be used as a diagnostic tool. POAG preferentially affects the SVC rather than the DVC.
Solitary Osteochondroma from Interosseous Border of Distal Tibia
Authors: John Ann Maria , Thomas Varghese , Pillai Manju Gopinathan , Theckanal John George , Sebastian John Ponnezhathu
Published: January 2022

We present a 24-year-old man with an impending fracture of distal fibula, due to a solitary sessile osteochondroma arising from the lateral border of distal tibial metaphysis on the right side. He presented with a swelling on the anterolateral aspect of distal tibia causing mechanical limitation of dorsiflexion of ankle joint and with occasional mild pain. Imaging studies revealed a solitary sessile osteochondroma, abutting the distal epiphysis of tibia, and deforming the fibula. The swelling was excised and the histopathology was suggestive of osteochondroma.
Idiopathic Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis as a Rare Cause of Spinal Cord Compression
Authors: Dave Dhaval , Akram Khan Furqan Mohd , Rohatgi Shalesh , Nirhale Satish , Rao Prajwal , Naphade Pravin
Published: January 2022

Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis (IHP) is a rare inflammatory disease characterized by inflammation and hypertrophy of the dura mater. Spinal form of IHP is extremely rare. We report an idiopathic hypertrophic spinal pachymeningitis case, a 67-year-old female who presented with neck and upper back pain with progressive paraparesis and sensory level. Her magnetic resonance imaging cervico-dorsal spine showed abnormal epidural hypointensity on T2-weighted images from C5 to T4 with significant cord compression and intramedullary cord signal changes at T2 and T3 levels. The lesional biopsy was done suggestive of chronic inflammatory changes. She was treated with steroids and was able to walk unaided.
Factors Associated with Nonadherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among Children with HIV/AIDS in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: Musa Abdullahi , Sabitu Kabiru , Suleiman Idris Hadejia , Usman Aishat Bukola , Abubakar Yakubu
Published: January 2022

Background:

The advent of antiretroviral (ARV) treatment in combined therapy has transformed HIV/AIDS into a chronic treatable condition and significantly improved the prognosis and quality of life of patients with HIV/AIDS. However, to achieve this, patients have to maintain strict adherence which has been shown to be affected by several factors. This study, therefore, aimed to estimate and identify factors associated with adherence to ARV drugs among children attending Paediatric ARV Clinic at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria.

Subjects and Methods:

Sociodemographic and clinical information of the children and their caregivers was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done to examine the odds of adherence and nonadherence to ARV therapy with respect to the various factors. P = 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

A total of 167 children and their caregivers were studied. The children were aged between 2 and 17 years with a mean age of 9.1 ± 3.4 years, while the caregivers were aged between 20 and 70 years with a mean age of 37.6 ± 10.7 years. The estimated adherence in the past 30 days was found to be 76.6%. Caregivers' forgetfulness and traveling were reported as the major reasons for missing medications. Caregivers' age <35 years was significantly associated with poor adherence (odds ratio = 2.35 [95% confidence interval: 1.09–5.06]).

Conclusion:

Caregiver factors were the main factors associated with poor adherence in children with HIV. We recommend regular adherence counseling at every visit with emphasis on the use of reminder methods to improve adherence.
Assessment of heavy metal enrichment and contamination in the wetlands of Kannur district, Kerala
Authors: Vinodkumar T. , Vineethkumar V. , Vishnu C. V. , Sayooj V. V. , Prakash V.
Published: January 2022

The present investigation is an attempt to trace the heavy metal enrichment in the soil matrix of the wetlands Kannur district, Kerala. Wetland is an ecosystem which plays significant role in ecological balance. Characteristic vegetation of aquatic plants makes this distinct ecosystem as unique and distinguishable from other land forms and water bodies. The hydric soil prevailing in the wetlands is rich in organic matter content and also enriched with many heavy metals. In view of this, the enrichment of some major heavy metals such as Co, Fe, Mg, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, and As have been quantified in the soil samples collected from the wetlands of southern part of Kerala using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer. The adverse effect of this enrichment on human and environment is of serious concern and hence various pollution index parameters were calculated to assess the extent of contamination. The spatial distribution study confirms the dependence of geological factors on the enrichment of heavy metals. The study on various pollution index parameters reveals the selective enrichment of heavy metals. The continuous monitoring of wetlands is the need of the time as such areas are preserved for the cultivation of aquatic plants. The results of the investigation are presented and discussed in detail in the manuscript.
Assessment of radon exhalation rates in mineral rocks used in building decoration in Nigeria
Authors: Lawal Mustapha Kola , Ayanlola Paul Sola , Oladapo Olukunle Olaonipekun , Oni Michael Olatunde , Aremu Abraham Adewale
Published: January 2022

The recent interest in the applications of mineral rocks for interior building decoration has been a major concern from the radiological perspective because the breaking down of rocks into various shapes and sizes releases radioactive gaseous element that is harmful to human health. Hence, this study assessed the radon exhalation rates of different rock types in Nigeria and their implications on human health. A total of 45 samples comprising five samples per rock type were prepared, packed, and sealed inside a modified closed can and thereafter subjected to radon concentration measurement using a RAD7 detector. The results of the study showed that granite and limestone rock types had high radon concentrations and exhalation rates as compared to other rock samples assessed. The radon concentration for granite and limestone rockfalls within the action level limit. Thus, effort should be made to ensure adequate ventilation of any building that uses these rock types in building decoration. The results obtained can be used as baseline data for future investigation of the rock types in any locality.
Awareness of Dental Trauma Management among School Teachers in Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Khalifa Khalifa S. , AlYousef Yousef
Published: January 2022

Background:

Children and young adolescents commonly suffer traumatic dental injuries. Teachers are frequently first responders and responsible for the initial management of the injury; the prognosis of a traumatized tooth is dependent on the initial management.

Aim:

To evaluate intermediate school teachers’ level of knowledge and attitudes toward dental trauma.

Materials and Methods:

This is a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study where all teachers from eight non-probability selected intermediate schools in Dammam, Saudi Arabia, were invited for participation. The questionnaire elicited data regarding demographics, teaching experience, knowledge and attitudes regarding dental trauma and its management.

Results:

A total 398 of 433 invited teachers responded (92%). The male-to-female ratio was 2:1. Only 30% of the respondents had previously participated in first aid training; only 11% specifically also focused on dental traumas. Health-care providers represented the main source of knowledge regarding dental trauma. Bivariate analysis revealed that in terms of attitudes toward dental trauma, urgency of care for luxation injuries was significantly associated with teaching experience (P = 0.042), while the urgency of care for avulsed teeth was significantly associated with dental trauma experience (P = 0.007). The only significant association between teaching experience and knowledge about management of avulsed teeth was regarding which tooth should be replanted (P = 0.041).

Conclusions:

School teachers in Dammam, Saudi Arabia, lack proper knowledge in dental emergency management. Educational training programs are needed to ensure that teaching staff have adequate knowledge to effectively manage dental traumas.
Septoplasty with concomitant inferior turbinate reduction reduces the need for revision procedure
Authors: Karlsson Therese R. , Shakeel Muhammad , Supriya Mrinal , Ram Bhaskar , Ah-See Kim W.
Published: January 2022

Objective: Septoplasty is an accepted and common surgical intervention to improve the nasal airway. However, the role of concomitant surgery on the inferior turbinate remains debated. This study aims to investigate if the inferior turbinate surgery at the time of septoplasty would impact on the likelihood of revision nasal surgery - septoplasty or septorhinoplasty. Study design: Retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing septoplasty with or without inferior turbinate reduction over 12 years (1998 - 2010) at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary. Methods: Patients were identified from the theatre log books and were excluded if they underwent any other nasal procedure. Data collected include demographics, type of primary surgery, and grade of surgeon along with revision nasal surgery in this cohort. Results: 2168 eligible patients with a mean age of 39 years were investigated. Two groups were identified: Group A, with 788 patients who underwent septoplasty only, and Group B, in which 1380 patients underwent septoplasty with concomitant inferior turbinate reduction. The majority of operations were performed by the surgeons in training. The incidence of revision surgery was 5.1 % (21 revision septoplasties and 19 corrective septorhinoplasties) in Group A compared to 2.2 % (20 revision septoplasties and 10 corrective septorhinoplasties) in Group B. Conclusion: Based on this study, it would appear that concomitant inferior turbinate reduction may decrease the likelihood of revision nasal surgery.
A computational study of functional endoscopic sinus surgery and maxillary sinus drug delivery
Authors: Wofford M.R. , Kimbell J.S. , Frank-Ito D.O. , Dhandha V. , McKinney K.A. , Fleischman G.M. , Ebert Jr. C.S. , Zanation A.M. , Senior B.A.
Published: January 2022

Background: Topical medication is increasingly used following functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Information on particle sizes that maximise maxillary sinus (MS) delivery is conflicting, and the effect of antrostomy size on delivery is unclear. The purpose of this study was to estimate antrostomy and particle size effects on topical MS drug delivery. Methodology: Sinonasal reconstructions were created from a pre- and a post-FESS CT scan in each of four chronic rhinosinusitis patients. Additional models were created from each post-FESS reconstruction representing four alternative antrostomy sizes. Airflow and particle deposition were simulated in each reconstruction using computational fluid dynamics for nebulised and sprayed delivery. Results: MS ventilation and drug delivery increased following FESS, the largest virtual antrostomy led to greatest delivery, and MS delivery was sensitive to particle size. Particles within a 5-18 μm and 5-20 μm size range led to peak MS deposition for nebulised and sprayed particles, respectively. Post-FESS increases in drug delivery varied across individuals and within individuals by the type of antrostomy created. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that FESS, particularly with larger antrostomies, improves topical drug delivery, and that certain particle sizes improve this delivery. Further research is needed to contextualise these findings with other post-surgical effects.
Current management of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma
Authors: Lopez Fernando , Suarez Vanessa , Vivanco Blanca , Suarez Carlos , Llorente Jose L.
Published: January 2022

Background: The management of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) remains unclear. Low incidence and poor outcomes make treatment standardization difficult. The objective of this study was to review the used treatment and our outcomes. Methods: From 2001 to 2013, 17 cases of SNUC were treated at our department. Charts were reviewed for standard demographic, tumour size and extension, histological features, treatment strategies, surgical approach, adjuvant therapies, outcomes and complications. Results: All patients presented with extensive local disease and 2 patients also had neck metastases. All patients were treated using a multimodality approach: 10 patients underwent surgery and postoperative chemoradiation, 1 patient was treated with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy, 3 patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery and postoperative chemoradiation and the remaining 3 patients were treated with chemoradiotherapy. After median follow-up of 39 months 6 patients developed recurrences. The 3-year local control rate was 76% and the 5-year rate of overall survival was 58%. Conclusions: Management and outcomes of SNUC have improved due to advances in surgery and radiotherapy. Gross tumour resection followed by postoperative radiotherapy should be the standard of care in patients with SNUC. High-precision high-dose radiotherapy should be implemented to try to improve the outcomes.
Manifestation of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis in head and neck
Authors: Petersen Hannes , Gotz Paul , Both Marcus , Hey Matthias , Ambrosch Petra , Bremer Jan Phillip , Holle Julia , Moosig Frank , Laudien Martin
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Besides an obvious clinical involvement of the ear, nose and throat (ENT)-region in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), systematic data is sparse. Only a few case series and case reports are available that particularly describe rhinological, otological or other manifestations of EGPA in the ENT-region. Therefore, the objective of this study is to systematically describe data on ENT-region involvement in a large series of EGPA patients. Method: EGPA patients examined in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel between 1990 and 2010 were included in the study. Criteria for ENT-manifestation were assigned to five subgroups (history, ENT examination, audiological and rhinological diagnostic findings and cranial MRI) and documented cumulatively. EGPA patients were examined in a standardized way based on the validated Ear Nose and Throat Activity Score (ENTAS) or its precursor, including audiological and rhinological diagnostic findings. MRI scans were analysed to further evaluate ENT involvement. Results: A total of 95 EGPA patients were included in the study. In approximately 80% of them, ENT-involvement was documented and the assumption of a frequent rhinological manifestation in patients with EGPA was confirmed. Moreover, the data reveals remarkable evidence for an otological manifestation. A missing correlation between the rhinological and the otological manifestation indicates an independent autoimmune-inflammatory process for this manifestation. Conclusion: The data of the largest monocentric study presented here confirms the hypothesis of a frequent ENT involvement in EGPA patients, in whom rhinological and otological manifestations are most common. Therefore, treatment should include long term follow-up and should be managed interdisciplinary.
Three-dimensional analysis of the accuracy of optic and electromagnetic navigation systems using surface registration in live endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Chang Chih-Ming , Jaw Fu-Shan , Lo Wu-Chia , Fang Kai-Min , Cheng Po-Wen
Published: January 2022

Background: This study presents the first report in the same patients on the time efficiency of surface registration as well as the navigational accuracy using optic and electromagnetic tracking systems. Methods: Thirty patients with bilateral chronic paranasal pansinusitis underwent endoscopic sinus surgery. After surface registration, the surgeries were performed on one side using optic navigation guidance and on the other side using electromagnetic navigation guidance. The intraoperative measurements performed included the time taken for the surface registration and surgical procedure on each side, as well as the navigation errors at the different locations. Results: The time for surface registration was significantly longer in the optic navigation group than the electromagnetic group. A comparison of the navigation errors along the 3 axes showed that the deviation in the medial-lateral direction was significantly less than that in the anterior-posterior and cranial-caudal directions in the optic navigation group as well as the electromagnetic group. Conclusions: The procedure for surface registration in both optic and electromagnetic guidance is efficient and convenient. The accuracy of both navigation systems is comparable and within acceptable ranges for clinical use. In addition, the best accuracy was measured in the medial-lateral direction compared with the other two axes.
The effect of periorbital cooling on pain, edema and ecchymosis after rhinoplasty: a randomized, controlled, observer-blinded study
Authors: Kayiran Oguz , Calli Caglar
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Success and satisfactory results in rhinoplasty are established not only with flawless surgery but also with meticulous perioperative care. Pain stays at the centre of these circumstances. Besides, several contributing perioperative factors such as periorbital edema and ecchymosis play key role on the patients' comfort. Methods: Septorhinoplasty was carried out in 50 patients between February and May 2014 under general anesthesia. Local anesthesia with lidocaine and adrenaline combination was done prior to incision. Following the procedure, silicone gel packs were applied. One periorbital region was cooled after surgery whereas the opposite site was left uncooled. Periorbital edema-ecchmosis and pain intensity were graded and noted 1 hour, 1 day, 3 days, 1 week and 1 month after surgery. Results: Cold application seriously reduced postoperative edema and ecchymosis at the first week (p=0.001 for the first 3 days and p=0.006 at first week). Pain was reduced with cooling not on the first hour (p>0.05), but on the forthcoming days throughout the first week (p<0.005). Operation time revealed that primary cases were carried out quicker than revisional surgery. Moreover, pain scores were found lower in primary cases than revisions, especially in the first 3 days. These finding were approved statistically. Conclusion: Cooling of the periorbital region reduces edema and ecchymosis as well as pain; however 3 days of use is enough after rhinoplasty. One hour after surgery, cooling does not affect the pain but reduce edema and ecchymosis.
Managing nasal valve compromise patients with nasal dilators: objective vs. subjective parameters
Authors: Lekakis G. , Dekimpe E. , Steelant B. , Hellings P.W.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Patients suffering from nasal obstruction due to nasal valve compromise may benefit from a nasal dilator. Several devices for widening of the external/internal nasal valve region can be applied endonasally (Airmax, Nasanita, Nozovent) or externally (Breathe Right). Materials and methods: 100 patients suffering from nasal obstruction due to external or internal nasal valve compromise were involved in this study. All patients were evaluated for nasal obstruction with visual analogue scores (VAS) and peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) measurements before and after the application of 4 nasal dilators. They were offered to choose 2 out of 4 for a trial period of 1 month. Subsequently, patients were reassessed and asked about their willingness to continue using the dilators, as well as the reasons for discontinuation. Results: There was a significant decrease of VAS scores and improvement in PNIF with the dilators in situ compared to baseline. After 4 weeks, 67% of patients were willing to continue using at least one of the chosen dilators. The reasons for discontinuation were local irritation, inappropriate fit, preference for a permanent solution like surgery, and no relief of symptoms. Conclusion: Nasal dilators represent a valuable option in the therapeutic approach of nasal valve compromise, with endonasal dilators achieving higher increase in PNIF in comparison with external nasal dilators.
Overproduction, Purification and Refolding of codon-optimized Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Subgenotype B3 in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)
Authors: Artarini Anita , Syamsidi Armini , Anindyajati Anindyajati , Tjandrawinata Raymond R. , Retnoningrum Debbie S.
Published: January 2022

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects human and causes chronic liver infection, leading to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV X (Hbx) protein is known to interact with tumor suppressor protein p53 and block its translocation into the nucleus. This study outlines the overproduction of Hbx protein from HBV subgenotype B3 in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), including its purification and refolding. The gene encoding Hbx was first codon-optimized and inserted into pET16b. The recombinant plasmid was then transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) as an expression host. Optimization of Hbx expression was performed with variation of IPTG concentration and overproduction temperature. The results showed that Hbx protein was optimally induced by 0.075 mM IPTG and overproduction of Hbx at 17, 25, and 37°C exhibited no difference in protein level and location. The optimal refolding of Hbx was obtained using 0.1 M arginine prior to elution from Nickel column using 100 mM imidazole and 0.25 M arginine. Hbx migrates differently in SDS-PAGE reducing and non-reducing, while the melting curve pattern in TSA analysis changed after the refolding step. Essentially, this purified Hbx protein could potentially be used for interaction study with p53 and the inhibitor candidate of the protein.
Orbital Apex Syndrome: a rare complication of herpes zoster ophthalmicus in a Ghanaian woman living with HIV
Authors: EsAyisi-Boateng Esinam , K. Ayisi-Boateng Nana , Amoah Kwadwo , Wiafe Boateng
Published: January 2022

Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO) usually affects the immunocompromised and aged. It results from the reactivation of latent varicella zoster infection in the trigeminal ganglia. Orbital apex syndrome (OAS) is a rare sequela of the disease and tends to be disfiguring and vision-threatening if not addressed. We report on a 43-year-old Ghanaian female living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and on highly active antiretroviral therapy who presentedwith a 2-month history of a healed vesicular rash left side of the forehead and a droopy left upper eyelid. On examination, she had complete ptosis, visual acuity in the left eye was 6/36, and restricted mobility in all directions of gaze. On anterior segment examination using a slit lamp biomicroscope, the left eye had mild cornea oedema with keratic precipitates and relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD). Intraocular pressure and posterior segment of the right eye were normal. Computed tomography (CT) Scan of the head was taken to rule out other causes of OAS. Patient was treated with oral acyclovir 400mg five times daily for 30 days, topical steroids and oral prednisolone 60mg daily for 30 days which was tapered. Ptosis improved significantly with mild supraduction and infraduction deficit. Visual acuity improved to 6/12 and all keratic precipitates cleared. The patient, however, developed a corneal scar from a possible neurotrophic ulcer after defaulting treatment for 11 months. OAS , as a rare sequalae of HZO, responds well to oral acyclovir and steroids. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment, even at late presentation, yield positive outcomes.
Salivary Lactoferrin Levels, Disease Severity and Correlates in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis Presenting to a Tertiary Health Facility in Nigeria.
Authors: ORHUE Vera Eigbibhalu , EHIZELE Adebola Oluyemisi , AKHIONBARE Osagie , OJEHANON Patrick
Published: January 2022

Objective: This study compared the concentration of salivary lactoferrin in patients with and without chronic periodontitis and investigated correlations with clinical variables of the disease.

Methods: The study included 102 participants (51 cases and 51 controls) who presented at the Periodontology Clinic of University of Benin Teaching Hospital and met the selection criteria of ‘4mm and above’ periodontal probing depths (PPD) and positive bleeding on probing (BOP) using community periodontal index (CPI) probe. Healthy participants (controls) were patients that had PPD less than or equal to 3mm, absence of BOP and simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) not more than 1.2. Baseline OHI-S and CPI scores were recorded. Saliva samples were collected and analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0.

Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the mean (SD) lactoferrin concentration of control participants 5.27(0.59) mg/l and case participants 6.74(0.61) mg/l (p<0.001). Participants with probing pocket depths (PPD) of 6mm or more had a significantly higher mean concentration [6.85(0.06) mg/l] than that of those with PPD 4-5mm [6.71(0.67) mg/l] (p < 0.001) Lactoferrin levels were highest in participants with ‘poor’ oral hygiene [6.85(0.60) mg/l] and lowest in those with ‘good’ oral hygiene [6.65(0.83) mg/l].

Conclusion: Salivary lactoferrin levels were higher among participants with chronic periodontitis than those without chronic periodontitis and correlates positively with the main clinical characteristics of the disease
TÍNH TOÁN VÀ MÔ PHỎNG HIỆN TƯỢNG MA SÁT TRƯỢT ĐỐI VỚI VẬT LĂN ỨNG DỤNG TRONG THIẾT KẾ HỆ THỐNG CẤP - THOÁT PHÔI CỦA MÁY IN LỤA BÁN TỰ ĐỘNG KIỂU MỚI
Authors: VÕ THÀNH KIỆT  , ĐẶNG HOÀNG MINH
Published: January 2022

Bài báo trình bày việc tính toán góc nghiêng cần thiết của một mặt phẳng nghiêng để đáp ứng yêu cầu về thời gian lăn (có trượt và không trượt) của vật hình trụ và ứng dụng trong việc thiết kế bộ phận cấp – thoát phôi của máy in lụa bán tự động kiểu mới. Những công thức tìm được chỉ đúng với giả thiết các vật lăn là đồng chất và hình dạng trụ. Còn với các vật lăn có hình dạng phức tạp với nhiều thành phần vật liệu khác nhau (nắp chai, thân chai), tác giả đã sử dụng phần mềm Recurdyn để mô phỏng và tìm ra góc nghiêng cần thiết. Kết quả mô phỏng đã cho thấy, sai số giữa công thức ở trường hợp lý tưởng và phần mềm mô phỏng ở khoảng trên – dưới 10%, từ đó có thể thiết kế được các bộ phận cấp – thoát phôi của máy in lụa trong điều kiện thực tế. Cụ thể là máng cấp phôi có góc nghiêng là khoảng từ 0.14÷2.3°, máng thoát phôi cần có góc nghiêng từ 7÷10° để đảm bảo yêu cầu về năng suất in. Bài báo là một ví dụ điển hình trong việc ứng dụng mô phỏng vào việc thiết kế các hệ thống cơ khí và máy móc ở Việt Nam.
NGHIÊN CỨU THỰC NGHIỆM SẤY KHỔ QUA CẮT LÁT TRÊN TỦ SẤY SỬ DỤNG ĐÈN HALOGEN
Authors: TRẦN ĐÌNH ANH TUẤN
Published: January 2022

Trong nghiên cứu này đã tiến hành thực nghiệm xác định chế độ sấy phù hợp cho Khổ Qua dạng lát, với công nghệ sấy đèn halogen. Thực nghiệm đã tiến hành khảo sát sự ảnh hường khác nhau của chế độ sấy đến sản phẩm sấy. Trong đó, thực nghiệm xác lập 03 mức nhiệt độ cần khảo sát là 60oC, 65oC và 70oC với sản phẩm sấy có độ dày lần lượt là 3mm, 5mm và 7mm. Kết quả thực nghiệm được đánh giá qua hai yếu tố đó là độ ẩm sản phẩm sấy và màu sắc cảm quan. Kết quả, nghiên cứu đã xác định với Khổ Qua dày 5mm, nhiệt độ sấy 65oC trong thời gian sấy 9 giờ cho sản phẩm đạt độ ẩm 29.12% phù hợp với độ ẩm yêu cầu bảo quản và có màu sắc xanh tự nhiên và đẹp hơn khi so với sản phẩm hiện có mặt trên thị trường.
The Effect of Salt and Acid on Physicochemical, Microbiological and Organoleptic Properties of Salted Fermented Mackerel (Rastrelliger Brachysoma)
Authors: Subiyanto Subiyanto , Liviawaty Evi , Rochima Emma , , Sawitri Asti , Nisah Siti Ainun , Afrianto Eddy
Published: January 2022

This paper aims to find the best composition for adding salt to the manufacture of fermented mackerel (Restrelliger Branchysoma). The addition of salt in sufficient quantities can kill microbes or pathogenic bacteria but produce a taste that is too salty. This is one of the causes of the lack of public interest in consuming salted fish. The addition of acid solution and the addition of starter bacteria is an effort to reduce the salt content used, besides that it can grow a lot of fermented microbes. In this paper, the addition of salt and acid solution is carried out. The results obtained in this paper, making fermented mackerel using vinegar with a fermentation time of 14 days is the most effective treatment in producing fermented mackerel products. This fermented mackerel has an aroma that is liked and accepted by panelists and produces a distinctive, savory and not so salty taste.
EDIBLE GARCINIAS AND POSSIBLE MANGOSTEEN STOCKS
Authors: Wester P. J.
Published: January 2022

Resumen en inglés
MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (MSME) BASED ON CREATIVE ECONOMY IN PANGGUNGHARJO VILLAGE, YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Ari Agnes Ratih , Fatmawati Fatmawati , Raharti Rini
Published: January 2022

This study aims to analyze the development strategy of micro, small and medium enterprises based on creative economy in Panggungharjo Village, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, and provide alternative strategies that are carried out, faced with the Covid 19 Pandemic. As a tourist village, Panggungharjo Village has great potential to developing, including MSME companies based on the creative economy, namely creative businesses: Dibyo Lurik, Kajeng Handicraft, and Embroidery (Convection). Every MSME has different problems especially when faced with the Covid 19 Pandemic situation. This study uses a qualitative approach with the data sources used are primary and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques by conducting observations, in-depth interviews (in-depth interviews), and documentation. The data analysis technique uses SWOT analysis to determine the main strategy to be carried out by MSME actors in Panggungharjo Village. The results of the research obtained from the results of the SWOT analysis, namely the Dibyo Lurik, Embroidery (Convection) business, are in the first quadrant position with a very profitable situation for the company. Kajeng Handicraft's business is in quadrant II, where a company may face various threats, so it needs to use its strengths in order to take advantage of opportunities.