bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salud física y mental en pacientes con tratamiento sustitutivo de la función renal
Authors: Alcantar-González Jesús
Published: December 2021

Introducción: la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) es reconocida como un problema de salud pública, entre otras razones, por la afectación de la calidad de vida de personas de todas las edades. El paciente que es diagnosticado con ERC es sometido a tratamientos sustitutivos de la función renal mismos que implican modificaciones en la salud física y mental.
Objetivo: identificar las características del estado de salud física y mental en pacientes con tratamiento sustitutivo de la función renal en diálisis peritoneal del Hospital General Dr. Miguel Silva de Morelia, Michoacán.
Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo. Muestra no probabilística n=62 pacientes seleccionados por conveniencia; se incluyeron pacientes de ambos sexos en tratamiento de diálisis peritoneal. Datos recolectados con cuestionario SF-36. Análisis de datos con estadística descriptiva.
Resultados: edad entre 20 y 80 años, predomino el género masculino (61.3 %). El 82.3 % presenta dificultad para agacharse o arrodillarse, en relación a los esfuerzos moderados, un 90.3 % se encuentra limitado en algún grado, el 64.5% manifiestan dolor moderado,  75.8 % mostraron dificultad al momento de realizar actividades sociales habituales, el 59.7 % se sintieron desanimados y deprimidos. El  74.2 % nunca se sintieron felices. La puntuación sumario de dimensiones quedo conformada por (72,02) salud física y (53,05) salud mental.
Conclusión: es necesario que los profesionales de enfermería perciban la necesidad e importancia de conocer el estado emocional de los pacientes y diseñar estrategias y medidas para favorecer el aprendizaje en cuanto a la enfermedad, tratamiento, autocuidado y mejor calidad de vida.
Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Abeer Children Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS)
Authors: Aslan Aylin , Tuzuner Tamer , Baygin Ozgul , Yılmaz Nagehan , Sagdic Serpil
Published: December 2021

Aim: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Abeer Children Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS) as a tool used for the identification and treatment of anxious children. Methods: The study sample included 122 children aged ≥7 years, and the intervention consisted of implementation of the ACDAS and the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) by the lead researcher during the first dental visit for each child. ACDAS application was also repeated by another pediatric dentist in a smaller sub-sample of 20 children during the same visit. The lead researcher repeated the process, (i.e. application of ACDAS) in the whole study sample after two weeks. Results: The mean age of the participants was 9.84 ± 1.696 years (range: 7–12 years), and anxiety (ACDAS ≥ 26) was detected in 36.1% of the children. The Turkish version of the ACDAS exhibited high correlation with the CFSS-DS (r = 0.760; p < 0.001), and the Cronbach Alpha value (α = 0.934) showed good internal consistency. No statistically significant differences were observed in the dentist’s responses to questions in the Dental and Cognitive sections when comparing the first and second applications of the scale (p > 0.05), although significant differences were observed in the Child Evaluation section (p < 0.01). The Area Under the Curve (AUC), obtained by Receiver Operative Characteristic Curve (ROC) Analysis was 0.849 indicating good diagnostic performance. Conclusions: Based on these findings, the Turkish version of the ACDAS can be considered as a valid and reliable dental anxiety scale for the identification of children concerned about dental procedures.
An evaluation of the performance of the Point of Care Test iCHROMA™ AFP method: Precision and accuracy
Authors: Bolodeoku John , Coker Olu , Bains Suman , Anyaeche Chidi , Kim Tae Kyum
Published: December 2021

The estimation of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of primary hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumours and other germ cell tumours. The iCHROMA™ AFP is a lateral flow chromatography, fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) for the quantitative determination of AFP in serum or plasma. In this study, the Boditech iCHROMA™ AFP assay had a very good precision of 9.8%. It showed a very good correlation with the following 12 methods: Abbott Architect (r2 = 0.9705), BioMerieux VIDAS (r2 = 0.9717), Roche Cobas 6000/8000 (r2 = 0.9738), Siemens Centaur XP/XPT/Classic (r2 = 0.9654), Siemens/DPC/Immulite 2000/2500 (r2 = 0.9673), Siemens/DPC/Immulite 1000 (r2 = 0.9670), Beckman Dxl 600/800 (r2 = 0.9676), Roche Elecsys (r2 = 0.9683), Roche Cobas 4000/e411 (r2 = 0.9688), Roche Modular E170 (r2 = 0.9692), SNIBE Maglumi (r2 = 0.9457) and Ortho Vitros 3600/5600/ECi (r2 = 0.9714). In summary, the iCHROMA™ AFP, a rapid point of care test method, has a within-run precision value of less than 10% and excellent correlations with traditional laboratory methods. There is a consistent overestimation with the iCHROMA™ method, which must be taken into consideration when setting a reference range.
Klasik İslâm Tarihi Kaynaklarında Nübüvvet Mührü
Authors: Ceyhan Nejla
Published: December 2021

Nübüvvet mührü; (hâtemü’n-nübüvve) siyer, şemâil, hasâis, delâil türü İslâm Tarihi kaynaklarında yer almış, kimilerince Peygamberimizin nübüvvetinin tasdikinde delil sayılmıştır. Nübüvvet mührü bir alamet olarak Ehl-i kitap mensuplarının kaynaklarında da yer almıştır. Ehl-i kitaba göre, son peygamberin nübüvvet alameti omzu üzerinde, kürek kemikleri arasındadır. Ancak bu alametin mahiyetine dair herhangi başka bir rivayet mevcut değildir. Ehl-i kitap üzerinden aktarılan rivayetlerin nübüvvet mührüne mucizevî bir anlam yüklediğini görmek mümkündür. Rivayetler muvacehesinde Ehl-i kitap mensuplarından bazıları son Peygamberde bu alameti araştırmış ve bu vesile ile İslâm’la tanışmıştır. Nübüvvet mührüne dair rivayetler hadis kaynaklarımızda da yer almıştır. Bu rivayetlerin bir kısmı peygamberlik öncesi döneme, bir kısmı ise nübüvvet sonrası döneme aittir. Rivayetlerin nübüvvet sonrasına dair olanlarında, Peygamberimizin çevresinde bulunan ashabınca nübüvvet mührünün bizzat görüldüğü yönünde ifadelere de rastlanmaktadır. İslâm tarihi kaynaklarından İbn Saʿd, İbn İshak ve Taberî gibi müellifler nübüvvet mührü rivayetlerine yer vermişlerdir. Nübüvvet mührüne dair rivayetleri kaynaklarımızda; Peygamberimizin doğum hadisesi bölümünde, şakk-ı sadr hadisesi bağlamında, Bedü’l-vahy bâbında, İsrâ ve mi‘râc olaylarında Cebrâil ile ilişkilendirilerek ve Peygamberimizin vefatı başlığı altında Esmâ binti Umeys hadisi vasıtası ile bulmamız mümkün olmuştur. Nübüvvet mührünün özelliklerine dair rivayetlerde dikkat çeken husus Peygamberimizin sırtında iki kürek kemiği arasında irice bir et beninin olduğu vurgusudur. Rivayetlerdeki müşterek nokta burasıdır. Nübüvvet mührünün mahiyeti, ne zaman vurulduğu, neye benzediği konuları da kaynaklarımızda farklı rivayetler doğrultusunda yorumlanmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda nübüvvet mührü, İslâm tarihi meseleleri içinde varlığı ve gerçekliği bakımından tartışmalı bir mesele olarak incelenmeyi hak etmektedir. Öte yandan Peygamberimizin ağzından, sırtındaki bu ben hakkında olağanüstülüğüne dair açık ifadeler bugüne ulaşmamıştır. Bu konuya dair sahih rivayetler ise sadece nübüvvet mührünün çeşitli tasvirlerini bize aktarmaktadır. Bu tasvirler, görenlerin algısına dayandığı için farklılık arz etse de aşağı yukarı tevhid edilebilecek bir tarif bugün için elimizde mevcuttur. Bu mührü normal bir ben gibi görenlerin yanında mucizevî özellikler atfedenler de vardır. İslâm tarihi içerisinde farklı kabullere ve görüşlere açık bir şekilde değerlendirilmiş olan nübüvvet mührünü, Peygamberimiz hakkında diğer insanlardan farklı mümeyyiz/ayırt edici bir vasıf olarak ele almak; nübüvvet alameti şeklinde ancak fiziksel olarak tabiî bir tarzda kabul etmek gerekir. Kitap ehlinin bu konudaki bekleyişi, gerek hadis gerekse siyer kaynaklarındaki nübüvvet mührü ifadeleri bizi bu noktaya sevk etmiştir.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER MELALUI MEDIA FILM DALAM PEMBELAJARAN AKIDAH AKHLAK
Authors: Muhazir Arip , M. Yunus Badruzzaman , A. Fathurrohman Asep , Karmila Wati
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi bahwa derasnya arus informasi, hiburan dan media sosial mempengaruhi gaya hidup dan pembentukan karakter siswa. Rendahnya motivasi pendidik untuk meningkatkan kompetensi dan keterampilan pada penguasaan teknologi sebagai media pembelajaran juga menjadi salah satu penyebab permasalahan ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan implementasi pendidikan karakter melalui media film dalam pembelajaran akidah akhlak. Penelitian ini bersifat deskripsi kualitatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus di kelas VIII MTs. Miftahul ‘Ulum dan MTs. Asy-Syifa Kecamatan Cipatat Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Penulis menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara/interview, dokumentasi. Adapun teknik analisis data dengan menggunakan teknik reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan Hasil dari penelitian ini, menggambarkan bahwa Pemanfaatan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan  multimedia menjadi suatu solusi dalam peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran yang dilakukan di kelas, dan menjadi suatu alternatif mengatasi keterbatasan kesempatan mengajar yang dilaksanakan pendidik. Fungsi multimedia pembelajaran sebagai sumber belajar yakni penyalur, penyampai, penghubung,dan lain-lain. Multimedia pembelajaran sebagai penghubung pembelajaran mampu mengefektifkan proses komunikasi sehingga tercapai tujuan yang diinginkan yaitu degan adanya perubahan tingkah laku siswa
PENGEMBANGAN KEBERAGAMAAN PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI BUDAYA AGAMA DI SMPN 10 BANDUNG
Authors: Azqia Mupidah Ulfah , Rohaeni Nani , Taufikurohman
Published: December 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan perkembangan agama mahasiswa yang mencari perkembangan budaya agama di SMP Negeri 10 Bandung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pembinaan keagamaan siswa melalui pengembangan budaya keagamaan di SMP Negeri 10 Bandung telah berjalan dengan baik dan terprogram, baik yang dilakukan oleh sekolah sebagai lembaga pendidikan yang utuh dengan hikmah yang berkaitan dengan perkembangan budaya keagamaan di sekolah dan kegiatan masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh Rohis (Spiritual Islam) sebagai semacam kegiatan ekstrakurikuler sekolah khusus keteduhan. kegiatan keagamaan lainnya. Keberhasilan ini dapat dicapai karena upaya kepala sekolah dan dukungan dari seluruh komunitas sekolah dengan menunjukkan komitmen yang masing-masing terjadi bersama dan saling mendukung
Estudios científicos odontológicos en el adulto mayor
Authors: Saez Carriera Rolando , Guzmán Gallardo Héctor Gonzalo , Martínez Florencia Carlos , Ordóñez Balladares Andrea , Villacrés Baquerizo Luis Rogelio
Published: December 2021

Tanto la ética, como la calidad de la atención médica, constituyen estrategias prioritarias a desarrollar en las instituciones de salud, por lo que preservar la autonomía y la calidad de vida de la comunidad es un rol institucional. El envejecimiento poblacional es una realidad y es un proceso individual donde los estudios científicos validan que las piezas dentales no se pierden debido al proceso del envejecimiento, pero si se producen los mismos cambios morfológicos que involucran desgastes que modifican la función masticatoria. Esta problemática de salud requiere de una motivación y cambio en las políticas relacionadas con la educación y la cultura odontológica en la población. La actual obra científica sirve como punto de partida para otros estudios e investigaciones que fomenten un correcto diagnóstico, tratamiento y preservación de la salud de nuestros adultos mayores.
El macrocosmos de la microhistoria literaria
Authors: Guadalajara José
Published: December 2021

RESUMEN:

La microhistoria, en su vertiente literaria, es una modalidad de microrrelato que amalgama un tema extraído de la Historia y un enfoque estético y creativo del mismo. José Guadalajara se adentra en el análisis de este término y en sus relaciones con el microrrelato y la propia microhistoria social. Asimismo, el autor desgrana la vinculación que mantiene con la novela histórica y desarrolla los rasgos característicos de la microhistoria literaria, a raíz de la publicación de su libro Cien microhistorias de la Historia.

ABSTRACT:

Microhistory, in its literary aspect, is a form of micro-story that merges a theme drawn from History with an aesthetic and creative approach to it. José Guadalajara delves into the analysis of this term and its relationships with the micro-story and social micro-history itself. Moreover, and with regards to the publication of his book One Hundred Microhistories of History, Guadalajara reveals the link that literary microhistory maintains with the historical novel and develops its characteristic features.
Scientific evidence of the homeopathic epistemological model
Authors: Teixeira Marcus Zulian
Published: December 2021

Homeopathy is based on principles and a system of knowledge different from the ones supporting the conventional biomedical model: this epistemological conflict is the underlying reason explaining why it is so difficult to accept by present-day scientific reason. To legitimize homeopathy according to the standards of the latter, research must confirm the validity of its basic assumptions: principle of therapeutic similitude, trials of medicines on healthy individuals, individualized prescriptions and use of high dilutions. Correspondingly, basic research must supply experimental data and models to substantiate these principles of homeopathy, whilst clinical trials aim at confirming the efficacy and effectiveness of homeopathy in the treatment of disease. This article discusses the epistemological model of homeopathy relating its basic assumptions with data resulting from different fields of modern experimental research and supporting its therapeutic use on the outcomes of available clinical trials. In this regard, the principle of individualization of treatment is the sine qua non condition to make therapeutic similitude operative and consequently for homeopathic treatment to exhibit clinical efficacy and effectiveness.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Bolognani Fabio de Almeida
Published: December 2021

The objective of this study, stated as Previous Notation, is to demonstrate that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Pathology presents a differentiated condition in carriers where a significant percentage, close to 60%, present a higher level of zinc elimination by kidneys. In this study, a direct relation of Zinc Mettalicum pathogenetic symptoms, this disturbance and the elimination of this element which participates in neurotransmission process were identified, and the relation with elements from regular diet, which can act as zinc chelating agents would be involved in the evolution of this disturbance, justifying the issue of individual susceptibility, essential in homeopathic investigation
ReNPAD: a brazilian network for researchers in High Dilution
Authors: Zacharias Carlos Renato , Bertagna Ricardo , Domingos Paulo Henrique dos Santos
Published: December 2021

Some pertinent questions in the practice of science is to know what one is researching, with whom and where. These questions are even more crucial for those involved in High Dilution studies, an emergent and multidisciplinary scientific field, where concepts, methods and models are still to be validated. In this research field, such questions can be addressed through networks because communication between peers accelerates the process of conceiving and refining the concepts, methodologies and standards that give consistency to emergent knowledge. A thematic network can be effective in building an identity for the science of HDs and related community. This article introduces the project ReNPAD (National Network of Researchers in High Dilutions), a Brazilian initiative aiming to put together researchers involved in studies in HDs in order to stimulate interaction and give visibility to the theirs efforts
Biotherapic of Trypanosoma cruzi 17d increases apoptosis in experimentally infected mice
Authors: Sandri Patrícia Flora , Falkowski Gislaine Janaina Sanchez , Hernandes Luzmarina , Dalálio Márcia Machado de Oliveira , Aleixo Denise Lessa , Gomes MÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â´nica LÃƒÆ’Ã‚Âºcia , Nascimento JÃƒÆ’Ã‚Âºnior AnÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â©lio Dias , Moliterno Ricardo Alberto , AraÃƒÆ’Ã‚Âºjo Silvana Marques de
Published: December 2021

Introduction: the mechanism of action of ultradiluted medicines has not yet been established[1,3]. Many basic research studies have focused on isopathic models using in vitro or in vivo designs [4,5]. Recent studies indicate that an ultradiluted (isopathic) antigen can transfer signals to the immune system and modulate its response when an organism is challenged against this same antigen [6]. Some studies on experimental infection of mice by T. cruzi identified apoptotic cells and showed that the increase of their number is associated with an increase also in the number of parasites in the blood of the infected animals, while blockage of apoptosis can be the target of therapeutic intervention [7,8].

Aim: to evaluate the development of apoptosis in mice treated with biotherapic of Trypanosoma cruzi in dilution 17d through in situ detection of fragmented DNA.

Method: in a blind randomized controlled trial, 36 male Swiss mice age 4 or 8 weeks were distributed in groups control - treated with 7% hydroalcoholic solution(CI-4=9 animals or CI-8=9 animals); and treated with biotherapic 17d (BIOT-4=9 animals or BIOT-8=9 animals). Infection was performed with 1,400 trypomastigotes T. cruzi-strain Y via intraperitoneal. Biotherapic 17d was prepared through the addition of 0.9ml of concentrated T. cruzi (10E+7 trypomastigotes/ml) to 9.1 ml of distilled water. The following dilutions were prepared in 86% hydroalcoholic solution until dilution 16d. Dilution 17d was prepared with 7% hydroalcoholic solution. It was performed microbiological control and biological risk in vivo. Treatment: 0.2 ml in 3 consecutive days, oral route, from the moment infection was verified. Animals were sacrificed on the 3rd day of treatment in a chamber saturated with ether. The liver and spleen were removed and fixated in 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 hours and then included in paraffin. Apoptosis was evaluated through DNA fragmentation ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å“ TUNEL technique (TdT dUTP-biotin Nick End Labeling (ApopTagÃƒâ€šÃ‚Â® Peroxidade-Chemicon). For statistical analysis software Statistica 8.0 was used. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Experimentation of UEM.

Results and Discussion: in the samples of liver of animals age 4 and 8 weeks either treated or not with biotherapic 17d it was found cells parasitized by amastigotes of T. cruzi with apoptotic bodies, or phagocytic cells with phagocytic vacuole with apoptotic marked material inside them. The number of cells in apoptosis in animals age 4 weeks was not significantly (p=0.03) larger in treated group BIOT-C4 than in control group CI-4 (Figure 1). In animals age 8 weeks, the number of cells in apoptosis was significantly (p
Calcarea carbonica derivative complex (M8) as adjuvant treatment of inflammatory mammary carcinoma in a dog
Authors: Da Silva Daniella Matos , Da Lozzo Eneida Janiscki , De Oliveira Carolina Camargo , Buchi Dorly de Freitas , GuÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â©rios Simone Domit
Published: December 2021

Background: Inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC) is locally aggressive, fast growing, highly malignant tumor that affects humans and dogs. Affected dogs usually are presented with generalized edema, pain, erythema, and skin ulceration in mammary glands. Surgery is not recommended and an effective treatment has not been established [1]. Calcarea carbonica derivative complex (M8) has demonstrated anticancer properties in a murine model, by improving innate immune response against tumor cells [2,3]. M8 is a complex high diluted medication comprised of a 10%-20% concentration of Calcarea carbonica, Aconitum napellus, Arsenicum album, Asa foetida, Conium maculatum, Ipecacuanha, Phosphorus, Rhus tox, Silicea, Sulphur, and Thuya occidentalis, all in decimal dilutions of Hahnemann in distilled water and submitted to vigorous shaking.

Aim: Describe an association of M8 and piroxicam (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) to treat a dog with IMC.

Discussion: A 7 years old, mixed breed intact female dog was presented to the Federal University of Parana - Veterinary Hospital, Curitiba (HV-UFPR) for mammary glands examination. The owners related inflammation of mammary glands with clinical course of approximately 10 days, which was treated for mastitis (cephalexin and metergoline) without clinical improvement. Clinical examination revealed erythema, increased skin warmth, pain on palpation, and plaque involving the 4th and 5th right mammary glands. Abdominal ultrasound and serum biochemistry were unremarkable. Thoracic radiographs showed suspicious images of pulmonary metastasis. Fine needle biopsy was taken for cytologic examination. Cytological interpretation was a malignant epithelial neoplasm, probably a mammary carcinoma. Diagnosis of IMC was based on clinical signs and cytopathology. Dog was treated with oral (0.5 mL) and topical M8 twice a day for 15 days, and pyroxican, 0.3mg/kg, PO, q24h. Clinical improvement was observed 7 days after starting treatment. Until present date (70 treatment days with M8), dog has no clinical signs of IMC, and does not show signs of disease progression.

Conclusion: The present report suggests that M8 associated with piroxicam contributes to improvement of IMC dogÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢s quality of life and survival rate. However, further clinical studies are needed to evaluate response to treatment in patients diagnosed with IMC.
Germination of radish seeds (Raphanus sativus) treated with homeopathic drugs
Authors: Donadon Marcelo Felipe Bezerra , Romano Euclides Davidson Bueno , De Pinho Walkiria Ruiz , De Souza Marina Lopes Vieira , Do  Nascimento Pedro Henrique Alcalde , Rodrigues Maria do Rocio Lazaro , Carneiro Solange Monteiro de Toledo Piza Gomes
Published: December 2021

The radish is a short cycle crop, since it is harvested at 25-30 days after direct sowing. Under the economic point of view it is an important species, but there are few studies on germination of radish seeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of high diluted substances on the germination of radish seeds. The trial was conducted at the Agricultural Research Institute of Paraná (IAPAR) in Londrina / Paraná. It was used a pesticide free cultivar named Cometa. The treatments were: Bryonia, hydroalcoholic solution, Arnica montana, Cina and Lupine + Oat, all of them diluted and agitated at 9x; distilled water and agitated distilled water were used as controls. The mother tincture of Lupine + Oat was prepared from plants collected at the experimental station of IAPAR in Londrina. The mother tincture and all treatments were prepared according to the guidelines in the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopeia, Part I [1]. The agitations of the treatments were made by a mechanical equipment, model Denise 10-50 manufactured by Autic. The water was distilled the day before preparing the treatments. The experiment was performed with 300 seeds per treatment. The seeds were placed in gerbox with germitest paper, and 50 gerbox were used per treatment, with six seeds in each gerbox. The germitest papers were moistened with the treatments and the seeds were soaked for 2 hours previously set up the experiment. The substances in high dilutions were agitated 100 times on the machine before soaking the seeds and moistening the germitest paper. The experimental design was entirely randomized and the gerbox were kept at the bench at the Laboratory of Plant Protection of IAPAR. A person not involved in conduct of the experiment coded (blinded) the treatments solutions with a random letter code. The code was kept secret until all measurements and data processing were finished. Seeds were observed daily for germination and counted only those considered germinated. Seeds were considered germinated when the radicle was at least two millimeters length. Arnica montana 9x increased 5.9% the seed germination when compared with distilled water.
Effect of biotherapy T. cruzi 7x in several therapeutic schemes on experimental infection by Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Ferraz Fabiana Nabarro , GonÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â§alves Valdir AntÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â´nio , Aleixo Denise Lessa , Mizutani AngÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â©lica Sayuri , AraÃƒÆ’Ã‚Âºjo Silvana Marques de
Published: December 2021

Background: Biotherapy is used against infectious diseases treatment and prophylaxis and has been investigated by many researchers [1,2].

Aim: Assess the effect of biotherapy 7x T. cruzi on several treatment schemes, upon experimental infection by T. cruzi.

Methodology: A blind, controlled and randomized by drawing experiment was performed. Male Swiss mice, four weeks old were utilized. Groups evaluated: IC ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å“ Infection Control (treated with water ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å“ 9 animals); TBBA7x3days ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å“ Treated with biotherapy 7x 3 days before and 3 days after infection (5 animals); TBB7x3days ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å“ Treated with 7x biotherapy 3 days before infection (5 animals); TBBAI7x3days ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å“ Treated with 7x biotherapy 3 days before infection and after infection indefinitely (6 animals). Animals were inoculated intraperitoneally with 1400 blood trypomastigotes Y strain. Biotherapy: prepared according to FarmacopÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â©ia Homeopática Brasileira [3]. Treatment plan: offered ad libitum, in the water (10Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ÂµL/mL). Parasitological parameters: parasitemia was assessed according BrenerÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢s technique. [4]. Clinical parameters: body hair aspect, edema, movement, diarrhea, body weight, temperature, food and water intake. Ethics: Registration 030/2008 UEM Ethics Committee for Experiments in Animals. Statistical analysis: was performed using the tests Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney testes, significance 5%.

Results: The best effect obtained was with the TBBA7x3days, both for clinical and parasitological parameters. It was expressed by lower parasitemia curve (p=0.04) and decrease of patent period tendency, of total parasitemia, of mortality and survival of the animals increase (Table 1). Evolution of parasitemia was distinct for the several treatment schemes. Survival of at least one mouse by treated groups is an extremely important data, since Y strain causes 100% mortality in Swiss mice.

TBBAI7x3days group showed begger tendency in raising total parasitemia compared with IC. Although it might have occurred, this group presented 80% mortality rate compared with other groups. Animals from TBBA7x3days also showed better evolution of weight body, temperature, food (p=0.078-10%) and water intake, body hair aspect and edema development. Diarrhea and paralysis were only observed in IC group mice, highlighting the biotherapy use benefits.

Conclusions: Best effect was obtained TBBA7x3days, both for clinical and parasitological parameters. ItÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢s possible to speculate that in this regimen, biotherapy was able to modulate, more effectively, the hostÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢s immune system, decreasing the number of parasites.
In vivo treatment with M8, a highly diluted tinctures complex, reduced the malignancy of a mouse melanoma model
Authors: De Andrade Lucas F , Guimaraes Fernando SF , Rossi Gustavo , Zotz Rafael , Da Lozzo Eneida J , Franco Celia RJ , De Oliveira Carolina C , Buchi Dorly F , Trindade Edvaldo S
Published: December 2021

Background: Cancer is a class of disease responsible for 13% of death cause worldwide. Among all types of cancers, one of the most aggressive and with the highest death rate is melanoma. It is highly metastatic and current treatments with chemotherapeutic drugs do not yield satisfactory results. Therefore, the interest on new therapeutics for cancer treatment has been increasing on research. Highly diluted tinctures (HDT) are intended to enhance immune system responses resulting in reduced frequency of various diseases, and often present no risk of serious side-effects due to its low toxicity. Previous results have demonstrated in vitro inhibition of invasion ability and in vivo anti-metastatic potential of B16F10 lung metastasis model after mice treatment with M8 inhalation.

Aims: Now we have evaluated M8 effects on hyaluronic acid and its specific melanoma cell surface receptor (CD44) expression on lungs after inhalation by mice.

Methodology: M8 compounds include Aconitum napellus 20dH, Arsenicum album 18dH, Asa foetida 20dH, Calcarea carbonica 16dH, Conium maculatum 17dH, Ipecacuanha 13dH, Phosphorus 20dH, Rhus toxicodendron 17H, Silicea 20dH, Sulphur 24dH, and Thuja occidentalis 19dH. B16F10 Melanoma cells were inoculated into C57B/L6 mouse lateral tail vein. Treatment started 24 hours after inoculation, and was repeated after each 12 hours during 14 days on an inhalation chamber that is adapted to little rodents. Mice were subjected to euthanasia by intraperitoneal injection of thiopental followed by decapitation. Lungs were surgically removed and analyzed under a stereomicroscope for the presence of metastatic foci. They were formaldehyde fixed, dehydrated and paraffin embedded. Histological sections were processed for hematoxilin/eosin (HE), Fontana-Masson and immunohistochemistry staining methods. Images were captured and blindly analysed by ImageJ (NIH) software.

Results: HE and Fontana-Masson showed a reduction in number and size of metastatic nodules, as previously demonstrated. We have detected a reduction on hyaluronic acid as well as CD44 expression on mice lungs after M8 treatment. The high metastatic potential of melanoma is proportional to hyaluronic acid expression level, together with its specific cell surface receptor, the CD44. These results suggest that M8 treatment reduces malignancy of mouse melanoma through modulation of hyaluronic acid and CD44 expression, which play crucial roles in tumor invasion and growth.

Conclusion: Even though further investigation are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms of action of M8 treatment there is an indication that these highly diluted tinctures could be a promising therapy to treat metastatic melanoma.
Pharmaceutical care in medical homeopathic service in public health in Jundiaí (SP), Brazil
Authors: Trovão Flavia da Silva , Sollero Paula Azevedo , Cesar Amarilys de Toledo , Cegalla Virginia Teresa
Published: December 2021

Pharmaceutical care is a concept already well established, but its application presents difficulties in homeopathy since homeopathic medicines have no the same indications as traditional drug classes. In recent decades the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacy presented a major development in the area of Pharmacotechnics, exemplified by the creation of local and national associations, the publication of technical texts and the fact that homeopathic medicines are, almost entirely, manipulated in pharmacies. It is also important to develop a pharmaceutical care in homeopathy, optimizing the activities of the medical homeopath and extending the service to the population. For two years, in a medical education and clinical service conducted at the Medical Faculty of Jundiaí, and supported by the Public Medical Service (SUS), three pharmacists and one pharmacy student, were responsible for pre and post consultation and dispensing of medicines. The objectives of this paper are to document the activities of pharmaceutical care, in order to encourage the activities of pharmacists in homeopathy. We developed a form for interviews as a pre-consultations. In the first consultation, it was used to record the identification data of the patient, the symptoms that brought him to the consultation, information about the presence of several physicians in the consultation and about the homeopathic treatment. In subsequent consultations, it was used to investigate the changes that have occurred since the last visit to the service. In post-consultation, the dispensation of the medication was done, with information about its use and conservation. The forms were given to the physicians and kept for future reference along with the clinical records of patients. As a result there was a positive reaction on the part of patients, probably because they felt more confident and instructed about the homeopathic treatment. The physicians referred in a positive manner about the help of pharmacists. Pharmacists have the opportunity to closely follow the changes in the health of patients, verifying the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment. The relationship between doctors and pharmacists developed in a positive way. Unfortunately, despite numerous cases of improvement of patients' symptoms, as well as its appreciation for homeopathic care, homeopathic service ended abruptly in the first half of 2011 due to lack of support from the Medical Faculty and public health service of that municipality, demonstrating once again the fragility of homeopathic services.
Treatment with Candida albicans biotherapic influences in vitro fungal adhesion to Ma-104 cells
Authors: Costa Beatriz Guerreiro Basílio , Siqueira Camila Monteiro , Barbosa Gleyce Moreno , Da Veiga Venicio Feo , Portela Maristela Barbosa , Soares Rosangela Maria de AraÃƒÆ’Ã‚Âºjo , Holandino Carla
Published: December 2021

Background: Oral candidiasis is an opportunist fungal infection in humans, mainly caused by Candida albicans. It occurs when the host presents an imbalance in the immune system and Candida spp., normally found in human flora, become able to develop the infection [1]. This disease is very common in HIV patients, and in all individuals that present immunossupression, such as patients treated with chemotherapy. Considering this scenario, the development of new medicines to treat oral candidiasis is mandatory.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate citotoxicity, morphology and quantify the adhesion rates of C. albicans to biotherapic-treated Ma104 cells.

Methodology: The biotherapic was prepared following the Roberto Costa technique and Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopeia protocol [2]. Briefly, biotherapic 1X was prepared with 1 mL of aqueous solution containing 108 yeasts of living Candida albicans plus 9 ml of sterile distilled water. This solution was submmited to 100 mechanical succussions. Biotherapic 2X was obtained after addition of 1 ml of 1X solution in 9 ml of sterile distilled water and it was also submitted to 100 mechanical succussions. This procedure was repeated until biotherapic 30X was obtained. As a control, sterile dynamized water (30X) was used. The inhibition of fungal growth induced by biotherapic was evaluated by MTT method after 24 hours of treatment. The morphological aspects of Ma104-biotherapic-treated cells were analyzed by Giemsa staining after 5, 10 and 60 days, and compared with control groups (water 30X and untreated cells). Additionally, Ma104 cells were treated during 5 and 30 days with biotherapic in parallel with respective controls, and the index adhesion of yeast cells was quantified.

Results: The biotherapic was not able to reduce the viability of treated C. albicans when compared with controls. On the other hand, Ma104 treated cells presented important morphological alterations after 60 days, such as: cytoplasmic vacuoles, halos around the nucleolus and elongation of the plasmatic membrane. These changes were not observed in ,untreated cells nor in ones treated with water 30X. The adhesion index to Ma104 cells was reduced around 27% after 5 and 30 days of treatment when compared to controls.

Conclusion: These results showed that the biotherapic did not present any citotoxicity, but was able to modify the morphological aspects of Ma-104 cells. Additionally, the interaction between host cells and ethilogic agent is directly influenced by biotherapic treatment, suggesting a promising antifungal potential of this medicine.
Evaluation of the effect of different concentrations of Arsenicum album 6cH on intoxicated rats
Authors: Fontes Olney Leite , Farhat Fátima Cristiane Lopes Goularte , Cesar Amarilys Toledo , Lara Marilisa GuimarÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â£es , Montebelo Maria Imaculada Lima , Luizetto Cíntia Maria Bertaglia , Chaud Marco Vinícius
Published: December 2021

Aims: Homeopaths diverge on the concept of dose, i.e. the amount of drug that a patient must take to alter his or her state of disease. In order to stimulate reflections on this concept, this study sought to evaluate in vivo the effect of different concentrations of Arsenicum album 6cH prepared according to homeopathic pharmacotechnics. Methods: male Wistar rats were intoxicated with arsenic and then treated with Arsenicum album 6cH and Arsenicum album 6cH diluted at 1%, administered orally. The amount of arsenic retained in the animalsÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ organism and that eliminated by urine were measured through atomic absorption spectroscopy. Samples of urine were collected before and after intoxication and during treatment. The positive control group (intoxicated animals) and the negative control group (non-intoxicated animals) received only the vehicle used in the preparation of the medicine. Results: Groups treated with Arsenicum album 6cH and Arsenicum album 6cH diluted at 1% eliminated significant amounts of arsenic when compared to the control groups. The group treated with Arsenicum album 6cH eliminated significantly higher amounts of arsenic than the group treated with the diluted medicine at 1%. Conclusion: results suggest that Arsenicum album 6cH should not be diluted as not to compromise its effectiveness in the treatment of rats intoxicated with arsenic.
Comparing two partitions of non-equal sets of units
Authors: Cugmas Marjan , Ferligoj Anuška
Published: December 2021

Rand (1971) proposed what has since become a well-known index for comparing two partitions obtained on the same set of units. The index takes a value on the interval between 0 and 1, where a higher value indicates more similar partitions. Sometimes, e.g. when the units are observed in two time periods, the splitting and merging of clusters should be considered differently, according to the operationalization of the stability of clusters. The Rand Index is symmetric in the sense that both the splitting and merging of clusters lower the value of the index. In such a non-symmetric case, one of the Wallace indexes (Wallace, 1983) can be used. Further, there are several cases when one wants to compare two partitions obtained on different sets of units, where the intersection of these sets of units is a non-empty set of units. In this instance, the new units and units which leave the clusters from the first partition can be considered as a factor lowering the value of the index. Therefore, a modified Rand index is presented. Because the splitting and merging of clusters have to be considered differently in some situations, an asymmetric modified Wallace Index is also proposed. For all presented indices, the correction for chance is described, which allows different values of a selected index to be compared.
Optimal compression of traffic flow data
Authors: Grabec Igor
Published: December 2021

Experimental characterization of complex physical laws by probability density function of measured data is treated. For this purpose we introduce a statistical Gaussian mixture model comprised of representative data and probabilities related to them. To develop an algorithm for adaptation of representative data to measured ones we introduce the model cost function by the sum of discrepancy and redundancy. All statistics are expressed by the information entropy. An iterative method is proposed for searching the minimum of the cost function that yields an optimal model. Since representative data are generally less numerous than measured ones, the proposed method is applicable for compression of overwhelming experimental data measured by automatic data-acquisition systems. Such a compression is demonstrated on the characterization of traffic flow rate on the Slovenian roads network. The flow rate during a particular day at an observation point is described by a vector comprised of 24 components. The set of 365 vectors measured in one year is optimally compressed to just 4 representative vectors and related probabilities. These vectors represent the flow rate in normal working days and weekends or holidays, while the related probabilities correspond to the relative frequencies of these days. However, the number of representative data depends on the accuracy of PDF estimation.
Some notes on the probability space of statistical surveys
Authors: Petrakos George
Published: December 2021

This paper introduces a formal presentation of sampling process using principles and concepts from probability algebra and information theory. Under this model, any sampling scheme defines uniquely a probability measure, illustrated in various examples along with some applications in survey design and management.
distance function for ranked variables
Authors: Mango Antonio
Published: December 2021

Rank correlation coefficients, RCC, are usually based on differences between matched pairs of modalities of two related variables in ordinal scale or on the number of inversions existing between couples of paired modalities, like \(\rho\) - Spearman and \(\tau\) - Kendall, respectively. Here a way to build a RCC based on determinants of all second order minors of a \(n \times 2\) data matrix in ordinal scale is proposed. Some possibilities of use of these determinants will be pointed out and one that seems particularly interesting will be considered showing the properties of the coefficient obtained and comparing them with the corresponding of Kendall's and Spearman's ones.
Networks of PhD students and academic performance
Authors: Capó Aina , Coromina Lluís , Ferligoj Anuška , Matelič Uroš , Coenders Germà
Published: December 2021

In this article we compare regression models obtained to predict PhD students' academic performance in the universities of Girona (Spain) and Slovenia. Explanatory variables are characteristics of PhD student's research group understood as an egocentered social network, background and attitudinal characteristics of the PhD students and some characteristics of the supervisors. Academic performance was measured by the weighted number of publications. Two web questionnaires were designed, one for PhD students and one for their supervisors and other research group members. Most of the variables were easily comparable across universities due to the careful translation procedure and pre-tests. When direct comparison was not possible we created comparable indicators. We used a regression model in which the country was introduced as a dummy coded variable including all possible interaction effects. The optimal transformations of the main and interaction variables are discussed. Some differences between Slovenian and Girona universities emerge. Some variables like supervisor's performance and motivation for autonomy prior to starting the PhD have the same positive effect on the PhD student's performance in both countries. On the other hand, variables like too close supervision by the supervisor and having children have a negative influence in both countries. However, we find differences between countries when we observe the motivation for research prior to starting the PhD which increases performance in Slovenia but not in Girona. As regards network variables, frequency of supervisor advice increases performance in Slovenia and decreases it in Girona. The negative effect in Girona could be explained by the fact that additional contacts of the PhD student with his/her supervisor might indicate a higher workload in addition to or instead of a better advice about the dissertation. The number of external student's advice relationships and social support mean contact intensity are not significant in Girona, but they have a negative effect in Slovenia. We might explain the negative effect of external advice relationships in Slovenia by saying that a lot of external advice may actually result from a lack of the more relevant internal advice.
Fiscal allotment policy vis à vis minorities
Authors: Shahor Tal
Published: December 2021

This paper examines government attitudes to minorities in multinational countries. The aim is to present a procedure that empirically measures government attitude to the minority sector of the population on matters relating to fiscal allotments. The paper applies the proposed procedure to the current situation in Israel, and examines whether the Israeli Government, which is dominated by the Jewish majority, adopts a policy of affirmative action to benefit the Arab minority. The study will examine this question within the parameters of local government. The general trend evident in the results of this study shows an increase in fiscal allotments transferred to Arab sector local authorities. Furthermore, results show that in the years 2006 and 2007 there was no significant difference between Arab and Jewish local authorities in the same socio-economic characteristics and the same peripheral level.
Concepts of labour status and their operationalisation in cross-national comparative social surveys
Authors: Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik Jürgen , Warner Uwe
Published: December 2021

In the social sciences, the occupation variable is used to derive socio-economic status and/or occupational prestige. This article describes occupation as an indicator for social status and labor status as an indicator of the respondent's position in the life-cycle. First, we identify variables necessary to measure occupation, employment and the labour force concept from ILO (International Labour Organisation, Geneva). Second, we introduce strategies for harmonizing the underlying social concepts of the measurements in surveys across countries. Third, we present our own instrument to measure occupation and labour status as social demographic background variables in cross-national comparative surveys. Finally, we summarize the findings from a pilot survey. The test revealed that the instrument enables the data needed for the social science analysis of socio-economic status and occupational prestige to be collected with ease.
PhD students' research group social capital in two countries
Authors: Coromina Lluís , Coenders Germà , Ferligoj Anuška , Guia Jaume
Published: December 2021

The article examines the structure of the collaboration networks of research groups where Slovenian and Spanish PhD students are pursuing their doctorate. The units of analysis are student–supervisor dyads. We use duocentred networks, a novel network structure appropriate for networks which are centred around a dyad. A cluster analysis reveals three typical clusters of research groups. Those which are large and belong to several institutions are labelled under a bridging social capital label. Those which are small, centred in a single institution but have high cohesion are labelled as bonding social capital. Those which are small and with low cohesion are called weak social capital groups. Academic performance of both PhD students and supervisors are highest in bridging groups and lowest in weak groups. Other variables are also found to differ according to the type of research group. At the end, some recommendations regarding academic and research policy are drawn.
Gumbel GARCH model with stock application
Authors: Mohammadpour Mehrnaz , Ziaeenejad Fatemeh
Published: December 2021

The paper proposes a new GARCH model with Gumbel conditional distribution. Several statistical properties of the model are established, like autocorrelation function and stationarity. We consider two methods for estimating the unknown parameters of the model and investigate properties of the estimators. The performances of the estimators are checked by a simulation study. We investigate the application of the process using a real stock data.