bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of author’s applied physical training program for military officers-graduates of reserve officers’ departments
Authors: Yavorskyy A.I.
Published: April 2016

Purpose: to test effectiveness of applied physical training program for military officers, called up to military service after graduation from reserve officers’ departments. Material: the research was conducted on the base of Educational center 184 from June 2014 to December 2015. In the research 80 military officers participated (n=30 - graduates of military higher educational establishments; n=26, n=24 - graduates of reserve officers’ departments) of 22-27 years’ age. Results: we fulfilled analysis of military officers’ physical fitness by exercises, which characterize general physical fitness and military applied skills (100 meters’ run, chin ups, 3000 meters’ run, passing obstacles course, grenade throws for distance and for accuracy, 5 km march-rush). We worked out the program, the essence of which implies ensuring of physical fitness and acceleration of reserve officers-graduates’ adaptation to professional (combat) functioning. Conclusions: it was proved that implementation of the author’s program influenced positively on perfection of general physical qualities and military applied skills of military officers-graduated of reserve officers’ departments (р-0.05-0.001).
Occurrence of annual growth rings in Rhizophora mangle in a region with low climate seasonality
Authors: SOUZA BRUNNA T. , ESTRADA GUSTAVO C.D. , SOARES MÁRIO L.G. , CALLADO CÁTIA H.
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT The formation of annual growth rings has been confirmed for several mangrove species in the last decade, among which is the Rhizophora mangle. However, the record of annual rings for this species was made in a region with high hydric seasonality, a widely recognized induction factor of annual rings in tropical species. In this sense, the present study aimed to verify the occurrence of annual growth rings in R. mangle in the mangroves of Guaratiba (Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil), a region with low hydric seasonality. For this purpose, the crossdating technique was applied in ten trees collected with known age (seven years). The growth rings are characterized by alternating layers of low vessel density (earlywood) and high vessel density (latewood). Multiple regression analysis indicated that growth rings width variation is driven by precipitation, water surplus, water deficit and water storage. Crossdating analysis confirmed the existence of annual growth rings in the R. mangle in Guaratiba. This discovery in a region with low hydric seasonality increases the dendrocronological potential of this species and suggests the importance of biological factors (eg. phenological behavior) as complementary inductors for the formation of growth rings in this species.
Chlorophyll fluorescence varies more across seasons than leaf water potential in drought-prone plants
Authors: ROSADO BRUNO H.P. , MATTOS EDUARDO A. DE
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT Among the effects of environmental change, the intensification of drought events is noteworthy, and tropical vegetation is predicted to be highly vulnerable to it. However, it is not clear how tropical plants in drought-prone habitats will respond to this change. In a coastal sandy plain environment, we evaluated the response of six plant species to water deficits across seasons, the relationship between their morpho-physiological traits, and which traits would be the best descriptors of plants' response to drought. Regardless of leaf succulence and phenology, responses between seasons were most strongly related to chlorophyll fluorescence. In this study we have demonstrated that a better comprehension of how tropical species from drought-prone habitats cope with changes in water availability can be based on seasonal variation in leaf water potential and chlorophyll fluorescence. Temporal variation in leaf water potential and chlorophyll fluorescence was found useful for differentiating between groups of sandy soil species that are responsive or unresponsive to water availability. However, chlorophyll fluorescence appeared to be a more sensitive descriptor of their seasonal and short-term responses.
Molecular and cytogenetic assessment of Dipterygium glaucum genotoxicity
Authors: ALTWATY NADA H. , EL-SAYED OSAMA E. , ALY NARIMAN A.H. , BAESHEN MOHAMED N. , BAESHEN NABIH A.
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study is to assess the genotoxicity of Dipterygium glaucum grows widely in Saudi Arabia desert to produce safety herbal products. This work is considered the first and pioneer report so far due to the lack and poor evaluated reports of the plant species for their mutagensity, genotoxicity and cytogenetics effects. Cytogenetic effects of D. glaucum on mitotic in roots of Vicia faba showed reduction in mitotic activity using three extracts; water, ethanol and ethyl acetate. Chromosomal abnormalities were recorded that included stickiness of chromosomes, chromatin bridge, fragments, lagging chromosome and micronuclei. Protein bands and RAPD analyses of V. faba treated with three D. glaucum extracts revealed some newly induced proteins and DNA fragments and other disappeared. Chemical constitution of the plant species should be identified with their biological activities against human and animal cells like HeLa cancer cell line. We are recommending using additional genotoxicity tests and other toxicity tests on animal culture with different concentrations and also utilizing several drought and heat tolerant genes of the plant species in gene cloning to develop and improve other economical crop plants instead of using the species as oral herbal remedy
Pensando sobre formação docente, subjetividade e experiência de si a partir da escrita de estudantes de Pedagogia
Authors: Castro Roney Polato de
Published: April 2016

Resumo O artigo discute as experiências de estudantes de um curso de Pedagogia em uma disciplina que trabalha com as temáticas das relações de gênero e sexualidades. O foco de análise são as produções das estudantes em textos denominados "diários de bordo", que contêm narrativas escritas a partir das experiências vividas e do que foi pensado sobre as temáticas abordadas nas aulas. As análises dessas escritas tornaram visíveis as questões que as estudantes levantam sobre o exercício da docência, seus deslocamentos analíticos acerca de suas próprias subjetividades, os processos inventivos de produção de si e os estranhamentos sobre o saber de si e dos outros, além da própria escrita como atividade capaz de produzir outros modos de narrar-se a si mesmas.
Paulo Freire: da denúncia da educação bancária ao anúncio de uma pedagogia libertadora
Authors: Brighente Miriam Furlan , Mesquida Peri
Published: April 2016

Resumo Este artigo procura identificar o sentido da denúncia da educação bancária, realizada por Paulo Freire, e apontar suas implicações para o anúncio de uma educação libertadora sobre o corpo dos educadores. A partir das obras do educador, busca-se discutir, num primeiro momento, a denúncia da educação bancária, e, num segundo momento, o anúncio de uma pedagogia libertadora freireana: problematizadora e conscientizadora. Para a análise interpretativa dos dados, lançou-se mão da hermenêutica como metodologia de pesquisa em Educação. Como resultado, verificou-se que, quando Freire faz o anúncio de uma pedagogia libertadora, ele não está apenas propondo outra realidade possível, mas, também, está fazendo a denúncia de uma educação opressora, vista como uma negação do corpo na prática pedagógica. Por fim, uma educação libertadora só se efetivará quando o educador/educando oprimido se conscientizar, reconhecendo o opressor hospedado no seu corpo. Será o educador/educando livre, portanto, a partir da práxis e da humanização de si e dos outros.
Estratégias curriculares em espaços escolares
Authors: Schwertner Suzana Feldens , Roveda Afonso Wenneker , Lopes Maria Isabel
Published: April 2016

Resumo O presente artigo apresenta resultados parciais de uma pesquisa em andamento que tem como objetivo investigar as especificidades curriculares em espaços escolares e não escolares. Este escrito objetiva, especificamente, problematizar um dos espaços escolares conveniados, uma escola pública brasileira, buscando as propostas de currículos ali desenhadas e produzidas. Utiliza-se como metodologia aproximações da genealogia de Michel Foucault e Gilles Deleuze, com o intuito de visibilizar a rede discursiva, os jogos de poder, a produção de currículos específicos e os modos de relação presentes no campo empírico. Que relações seriam possíveis mobilizar nos movimentos curriculares desse espaço escolar? Entende-se, a partir da análise realizada, que os modos atuais de currículo, escola e escolarização não são naturais, mas construções históricas permanentemente refeitas. Dessa maneira, apontam-se movimentos de captura dentro da organização escolar investigada e linhas de fuga que possibilitam aberturas para outras experiências curriculares.
Modelos integrados de dimensionamento e sequenciamento da produção: aplicação em uma fábrica de cimento para refratário
Authors: Alves Fernanda de Freitas , Nogueira Thiago Henrique , Henriques Rafaella de Souza , Castro Priscila Vieira de
Published: April 2016

Resumo O presente trabalho apresenta um problema de dimensionamento e sequenciamento integrados para uma fábrica de grande porte de cimento para refratário. Foram abordadas três formulações matemáticas: duas presentes na literatura e uma proposta como alternativa às já existentes. Este estudo tem como objetivo comparar as formulações tanto em relação ao seu desempenho quanto à sua aplicabilidade como ferramenta de suporte à tomada de decisão. Uma dessas formulações utiliza variáveis contínuas e as outras são baseadas em variáveis indexadas no tempo. Estes modelos matemáticos abordam um conceito específico de como as variáveis e parâmetros são definidos, exigindo premissas e definições particulares para se adequar ao problema real. A fim de considerar os diferentes aspectos da situação prática, foram geradas várias instâncias a partir de distribuições uniformes, baseadas em informações reais. Extensivos testes computacionais foram executados e, com base nesses resultados, as modelagens foram avaliadas como ferramenta de apoio à decisão e as suas eficiências foram comparadas.
Uma política da narratividade: experimentação e cuidado nos relatos dos redutores de danos de Salvador, Brasil
Authors: Dias Rafael Mendonça , Passos Eduardo , Silva Marco Manso Cerqueira
Published: April 2016

O presente artigo investiga a política da narratividade vigente no relato das experiências de campo realizadas por redutores de danos de um Programa de Redução de Danos (PRD) de Salvador, Brasil, em 2012. Partimos dos diários de campo dos agentes redutores de danos para analisar quais são as estratégias narrativas engendradas no cotidiano das práticas da RD no campo da saúde pública brasileira. A apreciação das narrativas revela uma singular experiência de cuidado com os usuários de substâncias psicoativas nas ruas da cidade, que se desdobra no cuidado com a própria experiência de campo e de pesquisa. Dessa forma, emerge nas narrativas dos redutores de danos uma articulação entre experimentação e cuidado.
Fatores socioeconômicos que influenciam na disposição de consumidores em adquirir carne bovina com certificação de origem em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Magalhães Danielle Rodrigues , Lopes Marcos Aurélio , Rocha Christiane Maria Barcellos Magalhães da , Bruhn Fábio Raphael Pascoti , Borges Jerry Carvalho , Cunha Christiano França da
Published: April 2016

RESUMO: Objetivou-se verificar a influência dos fatores socioeconômicos na disposição de 407 consumidores em hipermercados do município de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, em adquirir carne bovina com certificação de origem e verificar as características inerentes ao produto que auxiliam o consumidor no momento da compra, considerando o seu conhecimento prévio sobre rastreabilidade e certificação de origem. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva de todas as variáveis e, posteriormente, realizada a análise univariada pelo teste do qui-quadrado ou exato de Fischer. As variáveis foram adicionadas no modelo múltiplo da regressão logística Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) e para todas as variáveis presentes no modelo final (p ≤ 0,05) foi calculado o risco por meio da odds ratio (OR) ajustada a um intervalo de confiança de 95%. Todos os fatores socioeconômicos analisados (sexo, idade, renda e escolaridade) influenciaram na disposição de consumidores em adquirir carne bovina com certificação de origem. Os atributos intrínsecos mais importantes na tomada de decisão no momento da compra da carne foram cor, maciez, odor e a pouca quantidade de gordura; enquanto que os atributos extrínsecos foram preço, selo de qualidade e carimbo do SIF. A maioria dos consumidores conhece o conceito correto de rastreabilidade e acreditam que o maior benefício da carne rastreada é oferecer mais segurança e evitar riscos de doenças transmitidas pelos alimentos; e a desvantagem é ser um produto mais caro do que o convencional.
Inovações em Psicologia Escolar: o contexto da educação superior
Authors: MARINHO-ARAUJO Claisy Maria
Published: April 2016

A educação superior, tanto no Brasil quanto no exterior, tem sido alvo de inúmeras políticas educacionais contemporâneas. O sistema brasileiro ampliou-se velozmente na última década, ocasionando transformações institucionais no âmbito político-pedagógico e acadêmico, bem como no perfil dos estudantes. As mudanças têm como foco o direito de acesso acadêmico e a democratização de oportunidades. A expansão do ensino tornou-se uma urgente meta orientadora de decisivas ações governamentais. A consequente massificação agudizou, no espaço educativo das Instituições de Ensino Superior, as tensões e contradições, mas, também, as potencialidades para o desenvolvimento pessoal e as emancipações inerentes a esse contexto. Defendendo que a educação superior apresenta-se como fértil campo para a ação da Psicologia Escolar, apresenta-se, neste artigo, um modelo de atuação baseada em cinco eixos principais: 1) Mapeamento Institucional; 2) Escuta Psicológica; 3) Gestão de Políticas, Programas e Processos Educacionais; 4) Propostas Pedagógicas e Funcionamento de Cursos; 5) Perfil do Estudante. Essas reflexões e propostas para pesquisa e intervenção na área, fundamentadas pela Psicologia Histórico-cultural do desenvolvimento humano, enfatizam a mediação intencional do psicólogo no desenvolvimento dos atores educacionais. Como conclusão, destaca-se que a intervenção institucional e coletiva do psicólogo escolar deva estar voltada tanto à conscientização e ao empoderamento dos sujeitos, como às transformações sociais emancipadoras e ao sucesso acadêmico.
Mental health of young Brazilians: Barriers to professional help-seeking
Authors: FUKUDA Cláudia Cristina , PENSO Maria Aparecida , AMPARO Deise Matos do , ALMEIDA Bruno Coimbras de , MORAIS Camila de Aquino
Published: April 2016

The present study investigated the perception of young Brazilians of professional help and barriers to seeking mental health services. A total of the 1,030 questionnaires were administered to young people aged 8-21 years of both genders attending public and private school or who had received or were receiving treatement at mental health facilities in three Brazilian cities. The data were evaluated using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, and comparison between means. The results showed fear of stigmatization as a major barrier to seeking mental health treatment, exerting greater impact than that of structural barriers. Regional differences influenced their perception of the treatment. Having undergone previous mental health treatment was found to be related to a greater perception of the positive effects of the treatment and the structural barriers to accessing care services. It was found that the onset of mental disorders usually occurs during early adolescence. School-related issues, anxiety, fear, and depression were the most common reasons for mental health treatment seeking among young people.
O Ensino de Empreendedorismo com Fundamento na Teoria Effectuation
Authors: Salusse Marcus Alexandre Yshikawa , Andreassi Tales
Published: April 2016

Resumo Em função da baixa consolidação das metodologias de ensino voltadas ao empreendedorismo que sejam suportadas por fundamentos teóricos consistentes, o objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender como professores ensinam empreendedorismo com fundamento na teoria effectuation. A pesquisa utiliza a metodologia de estudo de caso múltiplo - cinco experiências em quatro países - com intuito de compreender o contexto e a estrutura dos cursos, as metodologias de ensino utilizadas e a percepção dos docentes sobre as experiências de ensino. Como principais resultados, destaca-se a prática do modelo dinâmico de effectuation como elemento integrador presente em todos os casos, a identificação de metodologias de ensino emergentes e a categorização das metodologias de ensino em função das dimensões e comportamentos associados à teoria. Além disso, o estudo estabelece as primeiras relações da teoria com intenção de empreender e propõe que antecedentes pessoais do indivíduo, no caso, a cultura e educação formal, sejam testados em futuras pesquisas.
Equações Hipsométricas, Volumétricas e de Crescimento para Khaya ivorensis Plantada em Pirapora
Authors: Silva Liniker Fernandes da , Ferreira Giselle Lima , Santos Ana Carolina Albuquerque dos , Leite Hélio Garcia , Silva Marcio Lopes da
Published: April 2016

RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivos a disponibilização de equações hipsométricas, volumétricas e de predição do crescimento para a espécie Khaya ivorensis. Para o ajuste das equações de altura utilizaram-se dados de altura total e diâmetro a 1,3 metros de altura coletados em plantio localizado no município de Pirapora, Minas Gerais. Para as equações volumétricas, realizou-se a cubagem de 21 árvores em pé no mesmo plantio. As equações de crescimento foram estimadas com dados de volume por hectare de 10 parcelas, com idade entre 30 e 59 meses. O cálculo do volume foi realizado seguindo o método de Smalian. As equações ajustadas apresentaram estatísticas satisfatórias, porem inferiores à de outras culturas mais difundidas, como a do Eucalipto. Mas em face da escassez de informações técnicas sobre o Mogno-africano, este trabalho contribuiu de forma significativa para o estado da arte da referida planta.
Coloração do Fruto e Substrato na Emergência e no Crescimento de Plantas de Eugenia calycina Cambess
Authors: Borges Kelly Cristiene de Freitas , Santana Denise Garcia de , Lopes Susana Webber , Pereira Vanderley José
Published: April 2016

RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência da coloração dos frutos na emergência e no crescimento das plantas de Eugenia calycina Cambess (pitangueira-do-cerrado), assim como de substratos com diferentes proporções de material orgânico e estruturante. Três experimentos foram instalados: o primeiro de emergência; o segundo de crescimento de plantas constituídos de sementes provenientes de frutos verdes, alaranjados/avermelhados, vermelho-claros e vermelho-escuros; e o terceiro comparou cinco misturas de Bioplant® suplementado com Vermiculita® e com pó-de-coco no crescimento das plantas, ambos nas proporções de 20% e 40%. A coloração do fruto não influenciou a capacidade de emergência, tempo (início, médio e final), velocidade e sincronia de emergência das plântulas de E. calycina. O crescimento das plantas até 270 dias de cultivo foi independente da coloração do fruto. A Vermiculita® e o pó-de-coco suplementados ao Bioplant® não afetaram o crescimento das plantas até os 120 dias de cultivo.
Uma cura controversa: a promessa biomédica para a hanseníase em Portugal e no Brasil
Authors: Cruz Alice
Published: April 2016

Este artigo procura responder à pergunta, nascida na empiria do trabalho de campo: por que algumas pessoas portadoras de hanseníase e tratadas com a poliquimioterapia (PQT) se sentem curadas e outras não? Com base numa etnografia multissituada nas escalas transnacional (programa global para a hanseníase da Organização Mundial da Saúde), nacional (paisagens morais e paradigmas biopolíticos para a hanseníase em Portugal e Brasil) e local (prática clínica em contexto hospitalar e experiência incorporada das pessoas portadoras nos dois países), analisa como a incerteza documentada na clínica da hanseníase e a clivagem experienciada por algumas pessoas, entre a cura bacteriológica e o sentimento de se sentir sanado, abre uma controvérsia em torno dos principais postulados que sustentam o emprego da PQT como uma entidade autônoma do contexto e difratam a fronteira entre o normal e o patológico em que se baseia o enquadramento contemporâneo da hanseníase e as respostas institucionais à mesma. Finalmente, conclui pela necessidade de incluir uma escolha incorporada na atual política ontológica para a hanseníase que amplie a própria nosologia e refunde um novo paradigma de cuidado, de tipo participativo.
Sentidos da participação social na saúde para lideranças comunitárias e profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família do território de Vila União, em Sobral-CE
Authors: Lima Fabiana Araújo , Galimbertti Percy Antonio
Published: April 2016

O artigo apresenta um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa que teve como objetivo analisar os sentidos da participação social na saúde para lideranças comunitárias e profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) do território de Vila União em Sobral, Ceará. Os dados foram coletados mediante grupos focais e submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciaram que os sentidos produzidos social e historicamente para participação social, reconhecida como conquista e direito, estão associados ao engajamento, à transformação social, ao comprometimento em busca de melhorias comunitárias, à ação/intervenção social, ao protagonismo, à construção coletiva e mobilização, à solidariedade comunitária e à educação libertadora. A pesquisa proporcionou aproximação aos sentidos da participação na ESF e apresentou entraves que são inerentes à vida política do país e estão diretamente relacionados à construção do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Consideramos imprescindível a construção de um novo modelo de atenção à saúde pautado na participação social e que aponte para uma rede de compromissos e laços de afetividade potentes com o SUS/ESF e que possa implicar, sobretudo, a comunidade.
A percepção dos idosos sobre o saber biomédico no cuidado à velhice e às "coisas da idade"
Authors: Moraes Gustavo Vaz de Oliveira , Giacomin Karla , Santos Wagner Jorge , Firmo Josélia Oliveira Araujo
Published: April 2016

O saber biomédico tem influência sobre as práticas objetivas e subjetivas das pessoas em relação ao corpo, à saúde e à vida. Diante do contexto de envelhecimento populacional, a pesquisa de cunho antropológico objetiva compreender como os elementos do saber biomédico influenciam a percepção do processo saúde-doença-envelhecimento entre idosos residentes na comunidade de Bambuí, Minas Gerais. O estudo incluiu 57 idosos (27 homens e 30 mulheres) com idades entre 62 e 96 anos. O modelo dos signos, significados e ações guiou a coleta e análise dos dados, permitindo a sistematização dos elementos do contexto que participam da construção de maneiras típicas de pensar e agir dos entrevistados diante do envelhecimento. Os resultados demonstram que o conhecimento médico-científico apropriado pela cultura local influencia os modos de pensar e agir dos idosos investigados. Foram identificadas como categorias analíticas de significados: a valorização da biomedicina, a culpabilização dos indivíduos, a naturalização das doenças na velhice e os recursos e ações utilizados pelos idosos. Os participantes reproduzem a visão biomédica que associa as doenças e limitações à idade, responsabilizam os próprios idosos pela atual condição de saúde e ainda recomendam repouso e resignação diante da velhice-doença vivida com incapacidade.
Modeling the dispersion of endocrine disruptors in the Santos Estuarine System (Sao Paulo State, Brazil)
Authors: Gimiliani Giovana Teixeira , Fontes Roberto Fioravanti Carelli , Abessa Denis Moledo de Souza
Published: April 2016

Abstract Estrogens are hormones responsible for growth and reproduction. They are naturally synthesized by animals and humans alike. Xenoestrogens are identical to natural hormones, but they are man-made and used as oral contraceptives. Xenoestrogens are a specific group of drugs found in domestic wastewater and some environmental matrices. These compounds remain after conventional sewage treatment and, consequently, affect both the environment and non-target aquatic organisms. In this study, we used the Delft3D hydrodynamic model to estimate the amount of both natural and synthetic estrogens that have been released in the Estuarine System of Santos and São Vicente and the Santos Bay. The data on flow from the sewage treatment plants and on average concentrations of natural and synthetic estrogens released in aquatic environments were obtained from the literature. The results of the modeling showed higher concentrations of estrogens in the estuarine waters of the Largo Pompeba region, the São Vicente Canal, and the Santos Bay, which are regions that receive greater inflows of domestic sewage. The results also suggest that higher concentrations of estrogenic compounds are expected to be found in areas with higher levels of salinity.
Siltation rate and main anthropic impacts on sedimentation of the São Luís tidal inlet - State of Maranhão, Brazil
Authors: Azevedo James Werllen de Jesus , Castro Antonio Carlos Leal de , Santos Marcio Costa Fernandes Vaz dos
Published: April 2016

Abstract In recent decades, intense human intervention in the coastal zone has given rise to severe siltation and erosion problems. This scenario is located the São Luís tidal inlet, formed by the mouths of the Anil and Bacanga rivers which due to various kinds of interference have been changing their sediment transport and deposition processes. With these changes in mind, this study sought to evaluate the evolution of the siltation and sedimentation rates in this area, as well as the main anthropogenic influences associated with this process. The methodology consisted in verifying the morphological evolution on the basis of the scanning and vectorization of nautical charts of 1947 and 1966, bathymetric surveys conducted in 2006, and aerial photos dating from 2011. The results show a silting up process coincident with interventions that occurred in the Anil and Bacanga river basins, with a volume of silt estimated at 8.5x106 m3, over the period from 1944 to 2011 (64 years), at a rate of 1.6 cm.yr-1. These processes are associated mainly with the construction of the Bacanga dam and land reclamation projects undertaken for the purpose of providing new areas for urban expansion. The evaluation of the results showed intense and advanced silting up of the São Luís tidal inlet, at rates proportionally greater than those of other estuaries, calling for corrective actions and the implementation of coastal management policies for this area.
Evaluating the performance of the OC5 algorithm of IFREMER for the highly turbid waters of Río de la Plata
Authors: Camiolo Martina Daniela , Cozzolino Ezequiel , Simionato Claudia Gloria , Hozbor María Constanza , Lasta Carlos Ángel
Published: April 2016

Abstract Remote sensing provides a global vision of the oceans; validation is, however, an essential previous step. IFREMER developed the empirical algorithm OC5 for highly turbid (or type 2) waters and it performed well for the northwestern European shelf. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of this algorithm for the Río de la Plata estuary, utilizing in situ observations of chlorophyll-a and suspended matter. Our results show a low point-to-point correlation between in situ and remote observations for both variables. In addition, the root mean square log error (RMSE) exceeded 35% for both variables, indicating a poor performance of the OC5 algorithm. This might be related to the empirical nature of the algorithm, to the amount and distribution of the data used for the analysis, to the species that compose the phytoplankton of the region, to the presence of other optically active substances in the water, and to errors in the atmospheric corrections and/or to the spatial variability of the analyzed variables. In conclusion, our results confirm the need to develop regional algorithms which take into account the particular physical and biological characteristics of the area under study.
Echinodermata in ecotoxicological tests: maintenance and sensitivity
Authors: Soares Jocássio Batista , Resgalla Junior Charrid
Published: April 2016

Abstract This work investigates the sensitivity of four species of Echinodermata (Lytechinus variegatus, Echinometra lucunter, Arbacia lixula and Encope emarginata), evaluating the effect of five reference toxicants (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu and SDS) on embryo-larval development, following the official protocols. It also evaluates techniques for the maintenance of L. variegatus in the laboratory, changes in its sensitivity, and the effects of chemical agents that induce the release of gametes, on the survival rates of the organisms. In terms of the maintenance of L. variegatus in the laboratory, the diet with vegetable content appears to be more favorable for maintenance and maturation in cultivation tanks. Chemical inducers such as KCl and the Anesthetic (lidocaine and epinephrine) resulted in high adult mortality rates, discouraging its re-induction. The tests performed with different species of sea urchin and sand dollar, using different reference toxicants, showed no variations in sensitivity to the more toxic chemicals, indicating that different species can be used for evaluation and environmental impact assessment.
Copper, zinc, mercury and arsenic content in Micropogonias furnieri and Mugil platanus of the Montevideo coastal zone, Río de la Plata
Authors: Corrales Diego , Acuña Alicia , Salhi María , Saona Gustavo , Brugnoli Ernesto
Published: April 2016

Abstract Metals (Cu, Zn, Hg) and metalloid (As) concentrations were measured in Micropogonias furnieri and Mugil platanus caught in three areas along the Montevideo coastal zone during winter 2010, spring 2010 and 2011. Compared to previous studies conducted in the zone, both species showed higher (for Cu), similar (for Zn) or lower (for Hg) concentrations. The highest Hg values were found in the M. furnieri of Montevideo bay. There was no spatial variation in Cu, Zn, and As concentrations in muscle, likely due to the high mobility of both species. However, the Cu content in the liver of M. furnieri was higher in fish from the West zone. Cu, Zn and As found in the liver of M. platanus were much higher than in that of M. furnieri. A functional relationship between muscle levels of Zn and Hg and fish length of M. furnieri indicates bioaccumulation of these metals. According to the results, M. furnieri may be used as a temporal bioindicator for Hg, but not as a spatial bioindicator. Mercury levels were below the maximum safety level based on international standard values for human consumption.
The Impact of Media on Traditional Communities
Authors: Reis Raul
Published: April 2016

This editorial provides a brief historical overview of research on the impact of media on traditional communities, and introduces the articles featured in this issue.
William Smith (1769–1839): His struggles as a consultant, in both geology and engineering, to simultaneously earn a living and finance his scientific projects, to 1820.
Authors: Torrens Hugh
Published: April 2016

This paper deals with Smith's, highly complex, early ‘career paths’ to 1820. His first employment was as (1) a land surveyor. Then in 1793 he became both (2) canal surveyor, and (3) engineer, to the Somerset Coal Canal Company (SCCC). These now guaranteed him a regular income. But all suddenly changed, when he was successively dismissed, first as surveyor, then as engineer, in 1799. He had now to find other means of supporting himself, and publicising the important geological discoveries, he had made in Somerset. From the mid 1790s, Smith had there done (4) land drainage and irrigation work, for the chairman of the SCCC, and immediately after these dismissals. Smith was able to generate an adequate living from such West Country work, during a period of very high rainfall. This took him to Tytherton in Wiltshire. Here he first encountered a new rock unit (the Kellaways Rock) and here the Norfolk agriculturalist Thomas Coke was able to study Smith's new skills with water. News of his competence quickly passed throughout an agricultural community, then desperate to increase food production, during a long wartime period of crisis. Smith's methods of water drainage and irrigation work were now widely taken up, first by the Dukes of Manchester and Bedford, in Bedfordshire, and then by Coke and his relatives, both in Staffordshire and Norfolk, and then by Coke's many tenants in Norfolk. On top of this, Smith's skills as an engineer meant he was soon in high demand also as (5) a Sea Breach Engineer, in attempts to keep the German Ocean (now North Sea) out of The Broads. But Napoleonic war time conditions were harsh, and bills often not swiftly paid (or paid at all). So Smith tried new careers either as (6) a failed author, whether on Irrigation, or Norfolk or as (7) a consultant mineral surveyor—the field he had pioneered.

Throughout much of this period, Smith's obsessive attempts to publish his geological discoveries, which needed considerable support for such a novel publication, were thwarted, by the bankruptcies of others, and proved futile, until 1815. This paper tries to survey, for a first time, Smith's complex, and fluctuating, financial situations, over the period 1793 to 1819 (when he entered a debtors' prison). His ‘knight in shining armour’ was undoubtedly the cartographer John Cary (1755–1835) who, in 1812, agreed to publish Smith's great ‘geological’ map. Thus only by “the enterprise of [this] private tradesman…, [what] had been in vain expected from princely patronage, and the sanction of national boards” was accomplished.
William Smith and Ireland: Sources of Irish geological information on his geological map of 1820
Authors: Wyse Jackson Patrick N.
Published: April 2016

William Smith's 1815 geological map shows the eastern margin of Ireland, but it is devoid of geological information. The scaled-down version published in 1820 provides a rudimentary representation of Irish geology with the granite regions of the Mourne and Wicklow Mountains prominent. The sources for this information were derivative coming from two maps published in the Transactions of the Geological Society of London in 1816 and 1819.
William Smith: The natural order of strata and the search for underground water supplies
Authors: Mather John D.
Published: April 2016

Following dismissal from the Somersetshire Coal Canal Company in 1799, William Smith (1769–1839) earned his living as a consultant, where much of his work involved water. At the time there were conflicting ideas on the origin of deep groundwaters and many considered rainfall alone inadequate to explain their presence. Smith's developing knowledge of stratigraphy enabled him to predict the position of water-bearing formations and provided a scientific basis for their discovery and exploitation. In 1807 his ideas were used by John Farey to explain the source of deep groundwaters beneath London. By 1815, when Smith's map was published, his ideas were known widely enough for the scientifically literate to be aware of their application to the search for groundwater supplies, however, there was still a lack of understanding amongst the general public, partly the result of reticence amongst Smith and his pupils. Examples of Smith's consultancy work show that he was able to accurately predict the depth at which water would be found. His estimates of yield were less successful, resulting from a lack of understanding of how water was stored and released from aquifers under confined conditions. His well-known geological reservoir, near Scarborough was an innovative idea but probably did little to alleviate local water problems.
David Mushet, John Farey and William Smith: Geologising in the Forest of Dean
Authors: Lewis Cherry
Published: April 2016

The celebrated Scottish ironmaster, David Mushet (1772–1847), not previously recognised for his geological expertise, produced a generalised vertical section of the geology in the Forest of Dean in 1809 which remained unrivalled for the next 130 years. In 1812 he created a horizontal cross-section across the Forest of Dean's coal basin which he used as a prospectus to help sell his Bixslade coal mine. Mushet worked with the two leading geologists of the time: William Smith, the ‘Father’ of English Geology and John Farey, Smith's ‘bulldog’. Mushet's geological expertise provides an example of how Smith's methods for identifying strata spread piecemeal through the community of practical men seeking iron and coal, and how, in places, the making and sharing of geological sections and maps became critical to this endeavour. Confusion over the ‘yellow lime’ demonstrates how easily the order of strata could be misinterpreted due to the lack of a standardised nomenclature and a limited knowledge of fossils.
William Smith and Tucking Mill: The story of a geologist and his ‘cherished’ home
Authors: Irving Richard T. A.
Published: April 2016

This is the story of William Smith and Tucking Mill—the only home he ever owned—from the time he ‘discovered’ the property in 1798 to the time it was lost to bailiffs in 1819. Focus is placed on Smith's ‘venture into stone manufacture’ when in 1811–1812 he opened up a quarry of Bath Stone and built a railway to transport it to a water-powered stone-sawing facility at Tucking Mill. Here he contrived a saw-frame to cut and dress the stone for building, to be sent to all parts of the country by canal boat. Reasons for the failure of the scheme, and the ultimate loss of his ‘cherished property’, are examined. Also examined are the lines of verse he wrote between 1819 and 1826 which provide a rare insight into the impact Tucking Mill had on his life.
William Smith's London neighbourhood
Authors: Henry C. John
Published: April 2016

This note has developed from a poster shown at the William Smith conference organised by the History of Geology Group (HOGG) of the Geological Society of London, in London on 23–24 April 2015, to celebrate the bicentenary of William Smith's iconic map, A Delineation of the Strata of England and Wales with part of Scotland. The note describes the neighbourhood of Smith's home at 15 Buckingham Street including the addresses of nearby trades, professions and institutions which likely influenced his choice to settle at that location.
A note on William Smith's drainage works near Churchill
Authors: Walton Geoffrey
Published: April 2016

This note deals with drainage works in the parish of Churchill designed by Smith in 1818 and starts by describing a recently discovered sheepwash, likely to have been present when Smith lived in Churchill as a child in the 1770s. It includes elements akin to hatches, a term used to describe water control structures in his 1806 book on irrigation. With his local background and training by Edward Webb he was well equipped to design drainage and irrigation works and so during a visit to Churchill in late 1818 he designed an irrigation and drainage scheme for the local land owner. These works, noted in his diary, have been located on the lower section of the Sars Brook and comprise the construction of round arched bridges, a sluice and stop locks, together with 1.75 kilometres of new channel and a potential cut-off of a meander in the River Evenlode.
William Smith: The maps supporting his published maps
Authors: Henry C. John
Published: April 2016

William Smith's great A Delineation of the Strata of England and Wales with part of Scotland, 1815, is an iconic map recognised beyond the geological world, but how did he arrive at the finished product? Two aspects to this question are considered: the large scale mapping available to Smith for his field work and John Cary's fundamental contribution. Smith wrote that he realised very early on that it was vital to record his observations on a large scale in order to draw accurately on a smaller scale map of the whole country. Smith worked before the advent of the accurate maps of the Ordnance Survey; yet, over 90% of England had one inch to the mile scale county mapping of variable quality produced by several independent surveyors and publishers. This paper looks at Smith's options for field mapping and how available maps influenced his specification for his 1815 map. In 1812, John Cary offered to assist Smith in the realisation of his ambition to publish a map of the geology of the England and Wales. Smith's early mapping experience, the early connections between John Cary and William Smith, Cary's role in creating the 1815 map, and his continuing support with Smith's subsequent county geological maps and the 1820 map are explored.
Perspectiva Bioética Intercultural e Direitos Humanos: a busca de instrumentos éticos para a solução de conflitos de base cultural.
Authors: ALBUQUERQUE Aline
Published: April 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivos contribuir para o aprofundamento da reflexão acerca dos conflitos culturais na esfera bioética e problematizar o emprego dos direitos humanos como referencial teórico-normativo, mediador dos conflitos em bioética que apresentem elementos de interculturalidade. Os passos metodológicos adotados neste estudo foram: análise do conceito de Perspectiva Bioética Intercultural e deconflito cultural em bioética, a partir da acepção desenvolvida pelo ColectivoAmani; exame dos direitos humanos enquanto instrumentos da cultura da humanidade, com base na teoria de Bauman; investigação acerca dos instrumentos que os direitos humanos fornecem para a solução de conflitos culturais em bioética. Concluiu-se que a Perspectiva Bioética Intercultural deve incorporar às suas tarefas prescritivas e descritivas: os instrumentais dos direitos humanos, que concorrem para a solução de conflitos culturais; as normas e instituições de direitos humanos, que asseguram a participação e integração social dos sujeitos integrantes de comunidades culturais em conflito.
Treatment of trauma in pregnancy
Authors: Maksym Marta , Lemm Magalena , Franik Grzegorz , Łabuzek Krzysztof , Madej Paweł
Published: April 2016

Urazy w ciąży są najczęstszą pozapołożniczą przyczyną zgonów ciężarnych i dotyczą około 5–7% kobiet. Przystępując do udzielania pomocy kobiecie ciężarnej na miejscu wypadku należy pamiętać, że działania ratujące zdrowie i życie muszą obejmować dwie osoby – matkę i jej nienarodzone dziecko. W większości przypadków zaopatrzenie urazów u ciężarnej nie odbiega od schematu ITLS (International Trauma Life Support), należy jednak pamiętać, że może u niej dojść do szczególnych obrażeń typowych tylko dla ciąży. Nie bez znaczenia jest również fakt, że zmiany zachodzące w fizjologicznej ciąży mogą maskować groźne dla zdrowia i życia objawy.
Análise da Relação entre Atributos de Automóveis e Valores Pessoais no Triângulo Mineiro
Authors: Da Silva Tayanne Ferraz , Pimenta Márcio Lopes
Published: April 2016

O mercado consumidor de automóveis apresenta uma crescente expansão no Brasil. Esse crescimento traz consigo um aumento na concorrência, exigindo das empresas análises mais aprofundadas de modo a aprimorar as estratégias de marketing nesse setor. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é explicar o comportamento de escolha de veículos automotores na região do Triangulo Mineiro, estabelecendo a ligação entre atributos e valores pessoais, conforme a perspectiva da Teoria da Cadeia de Meios e Fins. Dessa forma, utilizou-se a técnica qualitativa Laddering para coleta de dados, análise e interpretação. Os principais atributos identificados foram Economia, Itens de Conforto, Marca e Preço. Estes atributos mostraram ligações com valores individuais relacionados a poder, realização e hedonismo. Estes valores, que influenciam o processo de decisão de compra, evidenciam que essas pessoas desejam ter sucesso profissional, bem-estar e felicidade.
The Present and Future of Genomics in Adult Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Elbuluk Ameer , Deshmukh Ajit , Inneh Ifeoma , Iorio Richard
Published: April 2016

➢ As of 2015, members of the “baby boomer generation” comprise 75 million people in the growing United States population. Many of these individuals will be facing the need for total hip or knee replacement. Currently, the age of onset of osteoarthritis continues to decrease and the need for total joint replacements continues to increase.

➢ In current practice, nearly all patients undergoing joint replacement receive similar preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative management strategies. However, wide variability in outcomes and satisfaction with total joint replacement still remain. The key to understanding the cause for such varied outcomes may lie in our understanding of the genetic basis of degenerative joint disease.

➢ The future of “orthogenomic” research should be centered on clinical application focusing on early preoperative identification of at-risk patients. The goal is to establish twenty-first-century patient-specific strategies for optimizing results and expectations after adult reconstructive surgery.
Estimation of the potential impact of dengue vaccination on clinical outcomes in Brazil
Authors: Araujo Denizar , Bahia Luciana , Rendeiro Marcia , Pinho Amanda , Genovez Victoria , Gonçalves Thiago , Abreu Mirhelen
Published: April 2016

Objective: The aim of the current analysis was to measure the public health impact of dengue vaccination in Brazil using a published transmission dynamics model. Methods: We adapted a mathematical model that represented the transmission dynamics of the four dengue fever serotypes in humans and in the mosquito. This compartmental model represents the known characteristics of dengue transmission dynamics: host-vector interactions, immunological interactions between all four dengue serotypes, age structure of the population, levels of specific transmission by age, seasonality of the disease, and growth of the human and vector population. Results: Our mathematical model showed a 22% (CI95%: 9-37) reduction of all cases of dengue fever for a smaller scenario (routine vaccination at 9 years old and catch-up campaign to 10 years of age) and 81% (CI95%: 67-89) in the largest scenario (routine vaccination at 9 years old and catch-up campaign to 40 years of age) over a 5-year period. For the 10-year impact, we estimated a 22% (CI95%: 12-39) reduction in the smaller scenario, and a 92% (CI95%: 80-95) reduction in the larger scenario. This reduction in the number of cases would lead to significant decrease in the number of hospitalizations. Up to 233,509 (CI95%: 148,534 - 331,849) and 739,378 (CI95%: 604,386 – 894,072) hospitalizations would be prevented over a 5-year and 10-year period, respectively, with the larger vaccination program. Conclusion: This analysis indicates that, within expected variations, a national dengue vaccination program in Brazil would lead to significant public health benefits by reducing dengue infections and hospitalizations.
CRIMINAL PENALTIES FOR CONTRAVENTIONS OF PART IV OF THE TRADE PRACTICES ACT
Authors: CLARKE JULIE
Published: April 2016

[In 2003 the Dawson Committee, commissioned by the Government, recom- mended that criminal penalties should be introduced for cartel conduct. The Government accepted this recommendation in principle and set up a work- ing party to consider the implementation difficulties that had been identified in the Dawson Report. Nothing further was heard from the Government un- til February 2005 when the Government announced that it would introduce criminal penalties for serious cartel conduct. This paper evaluates the Gov- ernment proposals and makes suggestions for their implementation.] 