bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age-related decline in blood-brain barrier function is more pronounced in males than females in parietal and temporal regions
Authors: Shao Xingfeng , Shou Qinyang , Felix Kimberly , Ojogho Brandon , Jiang Xuejuan , Gold Brian T , Herting Megan M , Goldwaser Eric L , Kochunov Peter , Hong Elliot , Pappas Ioannis , Braskie Meredith , Kim Hosung , Cen Steven , Jann Kay , Wang Danny JJ
Published: November 2024

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a pivotal role in protecting the central nervous system (CNS), and shielding it from potential harmful entities. A natural decline of BBB function with aging has been reported in both animal and human studies, which may contribute to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders. Limited data also suggest that being female may be associated with protective effects on BBB function. Here, we investigated age and sex-dependent trajectories of perfusion and BBB water exchange rate (kw) across the lifespan in 186 cognitively normal participants spanning the ages of 8–92 years old, using a non-invasive diffusion-prepared pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (DP-pCASL) MRI technique. We found that the pattern of BBB kw decline with aging varies across brain regions. Moreover, results from our DP-pCASL technique revealed a remarkable decline in BBB kw beginning in the early 60 s, which was more pronounced in males. In addition, we observed sex differences in parietal and temporal regions. Our findings provide in vivo results demonstrating sex differences in the decline of BBB function with aging, which may serve as a foundation for future investigations into perfusion and BBB function in neurodegenerative and other brain disorders.
Cryo-electron tomographic investigation of native hippocampal glutamatergic synapses
Authors: Matsui Aya , Spangler Cathy , Elferich Johannes , Shiozaki Momoko , Jean Nikki , Zhao Xiaowei , Qin Maozhen , Zhong Haining , Yu Zhiheng , Gouaux Eric
Published: November 2024

Chemical synapses are the major sites of communication between neurons in the nervous system and mediate either excitatory or inhibitory signaling. At excitatory synapses, glutamate is the primary neurotransmitter and upon release from presynaptic vesicles, is detected by postsynaptic glutamate receptors, which include ionotropic AMPA and NMDA receptors. Here, we have developed methods to identify glutamatergic synapses in brain tissue slices, label AMPA receptors with small gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and prepare lamella for cryo-electron tomography studies. The targeted imaging of glutamatergic synapses in the lamella is facilitated by fluorescent pre- and postsynaptic signatures, and the subsequent tomograms allow for the identification of key features of chemical synapses, including synaptic vesicles, the synaptic cleft, and AuNP-labeled AMPA receptors. These methods pave the way for imaging brain regions at high resolution, using unstained, unfixed samples preserved under near-native conditions.
Citizen science enhances understanding of sea turtle distribution in the Gulf of California
Authors: Rousso Stephanie J. , Herrero Perezrul María Dinorah , Mancini Agnese , Zavala-Norzagaray Alan A. , Senko Jesse F.
Published: November 2024

Citizen science is a valuable tool for addressing spatial distribution gaps in endangered species, especially in data-limited regions. Given the logistical and financial challenges of studying migratory species, this cost-effective approach contributes to strategic conservation planning. The Bay of La Paz, located in Baja California Sur, México, is considered an ecologically important region within the larger Gulf of California. Due to its rich biodiversity and abundant natural resources, the region serves as a hub for ecotourism and fishing, affording diverse opportunities for community-based scientific initiatives. This paper examines the value of citizen science contributions from three diverse community groups (i.e., coastal residents, SCUBA divers, and artisanal fishers) to help scientists obtain information on sea turtle distribution in the Bay of La Paz. Our findings represent the first records of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in the bay based on ten citizen science reports that include live and dead turtles (either observed swimming, as bycatch, or stranded), providing new information on an endangered pelagic species identified in a coastal bay. Although the sample size is small, our diversity of sources and sighting types highlight the value of collaborative citizen science initiatives in complementing traditional research methods.
Genomic complexity and clinical significance of the RCCX locus
Authors: Shiryagin Vladimir V. , Devyatkin Andrey A. , Fateev Oleg D. , Petriaikina Ekaterina S. , Bogdanov Viktor P. , Antysheva Zoia G. , Volchkov Pavel Yu , Yudin Sergey M. , Woroncow Mary , Skvortsova Veronika I.
Published: November 2024

Nearly identical, repetitive elements in the genome contribute to the variability in genetic inheritance patterns, particularly in regions like the RCCX locus, where such repeats can lead to structural variations. In addition, during the formation of gametes as a result of meiosis, variants of loci with repetitive elements that do not code for the required proteins may occur. As a result, an individual with certain genetic rearrangements in this region may have an increased risk of developing a congenital disorder, particularly in cases where the non-functional allele is inherited dominantly. At the same time, there is still no routine or generally recognized diagnostic method to determine the sequence of the repetitive fragments. The functionally important RCCX locus consists of such repetitive fragments. The available knowledge about the genomic variants of the RCCX locus is fragmented, as there is no standardized method to determine its structure. It should be noted that in some structural variants of the RCCX locus, the sequence of protein-coding genes is disrupted, leading to the development of diseases such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Although genetic testing is generally accepted as a gold standard for CAH diagnosis, there are a myriad of strategies on which exact methods to use and in which order. The reason for this inconsistency lies in the complexity of the RCCX locus and the fact that each patient or carrier may have a highly individualized mutation or combination thereof. In this review, we have discussed all known methods that can be used to study the structure of the RCCX locus. As a result, optimal approaches are proposed for the diagnosis of the most common disease caused by lesions in the RCCX–CAH due to CYP21A2 deficiency.
Certezas básicas y amor. La aceptación práctica y la corriente no racional de la acción
Authors:   , Pérez Cortés Adriana Carolina
Published: November 2024

Esta tesis explora un concepto de normatividad derivado de los rasgos y facultades no racionales de lo humano. Para ello, se analizan y se ponen en diálogo los conceptos de certeza básica y amor de Ludwig Wittgenstein y Harry Frankfurt, teniendo en cuenta que, si bien nacen de discusiones teóricas distintas, comparten una crítica a las perspectivas intelectualistas de la acción y un interés por la comprensión de lo que somos a partir de una reflexión sobre nuestra imagen del mundo y de aquello que es importante para el sentido de nuestra vida. Así, se integran las reflexiones de ambos filósofos a través del concepto de aceptación práctica que apunta a un tipo de acción que no precisa de una mediación racional. Muchos de nuestros actos concretos coinciden de manera espontánea con la fuerza normativa dada por las formas de vida y por nuestra voluntad. A la luz de este concepto se postula una perspectiva vital de la acción que conduce a un enfoque antropológico enriquecido. El trabajo se divide en tres capítulos. El primer capítulo presenta una lectura antropológica de Sobre la certeza de Wittgenstein, centrándose en el carácter expresivo y práctico de las certezas básicas, en lugar de adoptar una interpretación epistemológica. El segundo capítulo examina la teoría del amor como preocupación de Frankfurt, destacando cómo los aspectos volitivos del mismo adquieren relevancia normativa sin requerir de una justificación racional. Asimismo, presenta ciertas objeciones que pueden desafiar algunos de los argumentos del filósofo estadounidense. El tercer capítulo ahonda en el concepto de aceptación práctica para consolidar los paralelismos entre las reflexiones de Wittgenstein y Frankfurt; estas conducirían a la consideración de una normatividad que evidencia la relación interactiva con otros y con el mundo siguiendo los componentes espontáneos de nuestra animalidad, voluntad y afectividad. Por último, elaboro algunas críticas que ambos filósofos podrían dirigirse mutuamente, con el objetivo de examinar posibles dificultades conceptuales que puedan surgir en torno a esta normatividad alternativa. En general, esta investigación contribuye a una comprensión de la acción que reconoce nuestra condición humana como un límite y un factor determinante que el modelo tradicional de la justificación práctica no ha tenido suficientemente en cuenta.
Subshifts on groups and computable analysis
Authors:   , Carrasco-Vargas Nicanor
Published: November 2024

Subshifts are a fundamental class of topological dynamical systems. The study of subshifts on groups different from $\mathbb{Z}$, such as $\mathbb{Z}^d$, $d\geq 2$, has been a subject of intense research in recent years. These investigations have unveiled aremarkable connection between dynamics and recursion theory. That is, different questions about the dynamics of these systems have been answered in recursion-theoretical terms. In this work we further explore this connection. We use the framework of computable analysis to explore the class of effective dynamical systems on metric spaces, and relate these systems to subshifts of finite type (SFTs) on groups. We prove that every effective dynamical system on a general metric space is the topological factor of an effective dynamical system with topological dimension zero. We combine this result with existing simulation results to obtain new examples of systems that are factors of SFTsWe also study a conjugacy invariant for subshifts on groups called Medvedev degree. This invariant is a complexity measure of algorithmic nature. We develop the basic theory of these degrees for subshifts on arbitrary finitely generated groups. Using these tools we are able to classify the values that this invariant attains for SFTs and other classes of subshifts on several groups. Furthermore, we establish a connection between these degrees and the distribution of isolated points in the space of all subshifts. Motivated by the study of Medvedev degrees of subshifts, we also consider translation-like actions of groups on graphs. We prove that every connected, locally finite, and infinite graph admits a translation by $\mathbb{Z}$, and that this action can be chosen transitive exactly when the graph has one or two ends. This generalizes a result of Seward about translation-like action of $\mathbb{Z}$ on finitely generated groups. Our proof is constructive, and allows us to prove that under natural hypotheses, translation-like actions by $\mathbb{Z}$ on groups and graphs can be effectively computed.
Resíduos derivados do consumo de cigarros: a bituca como um problema ambiental
Authors: Silva Chivago Inácio , Ribeiro Karina da Silva
Published: November 2024

O artigo discute a necessidade urgente de promover a conscientização sobre os impactos ambientais negativos decorrentes do descarte inadequado de bitucas de cigarro. Observa-se que muitas pessoas desconhecem a forma correta de descartar esses resíduos, o que torna crucial a criação de mecanismos educativos. Uma solução eficaz seria a distribuição de bituqueiras ecológicas em pontos estratégicos das cidades, acompanhada por campanhas de divulgação. Além disso, parcerias com cooperativas de coleta de resíduos sólidos e empresas especializadas na transformação das bitucas em adubo, como a ECOCITY em Curitiba/PR, são propostas como alternativas viáveis para mitigar esse problema ambiental. Embora a Lei N° 12.305 de 2010, que institui a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, tenha estabelecido diretrizes para a gestão de resíduos, não há regulamentações específicas para o descarte de bitucas, o que contribui para a falta de conscientização e ação da população. Portanto, conclui-se que é necessária a criação de leis específicas e políticas de conscientização para incentivar o descarte correto e a reciclagem desses materiais, visando à preservação do meio ambiente.
Liberdade de expressão e imunidade parlamentar: limites e desafios no Brasil
Authors: Paula Ludmila Cruvinel Gordo de
Published: November 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar alguns fundamentos e ponderações sobre o preceito constitucional que é caro ao sistema democrático brasileiro: a liberdade de expressão e a imunidade parlamentar, um privilégio concedido ao parlamento durante a vigência do mandato. A Constituição Federal, como norma hierarquicamente suprema, garante um núcleo essencial de direitos fundamentais, visando resguardar valores essenciais à existência humana, como dignidade, liberdade e patrimônio, entre outros. No preâmbulo do texto constitucional, afirma-se que a República Federativa do Brasil é constituída pelo Estado Democrático de Direito, evidenciando a importância dos direitos fundamentais, os quais asseguram a concretude de uma convivência digna, livre e igual para todos. O tema possui repercussão social, uma vez que busca garantir abstenções e cria obrigações de não interferência na vida pessoal de cada indivíduo. Em tempos de globalização, internet, desinformação, discurso de ódio e fake news, é imprescindível voltar a atenção para as decisões proferidas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal e pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça, que debatem os limites dos direitos à liberdade de expressão e à imunidade parlamentar.
Assessing the Impact of Green Practices on Consumer Perceptions in Ghanaian Restaurants: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Nartey Jemima Evelyn Andoh
Published: November 2024

This comprehensive review examines the impact of green practices on consumer perceptions in Ghanaian restaurants. It aims to understand how eco-friendly initiatives influence customer satisfaction and behavior, addressing a significant gap in current academic literature. The review analyzes existing studies on green practices in the hospitality industry, focusing on consumer demand for environmentally friendly cuisine. Key findings indicate that implementing sustainable practices not only enhances consumer satisfaction but also provides a competitive advantage for restaurants. This study underscores the importance of sustainability in the food service sector, particularly within the context of Ghana.
Socio-Economic and Buying Behavior of Groundnut Growers towards Micronutrient Fertilizer in Sabarkantha District of Gujarat, India
Authors: Chauhan P. G. , Jadeja R. M. , Saini L. K. , KHANT A. P.
Published: November 2024

The study aims to analyze the impact of socio-economic, knowledge level and buying behavior of groundnut growers towards micronutrient in Sabarkantha district. This study employed a multistage sampling technique in the Sabarkantha district of north Gujarat, known for its high groundnut productivity. The focus was on three talukas-Himmatnagar, Idar and Talod-chosen for their extensive groundnut cultivation areas in 2024. From each taluka, five villages were randomly selected and eight growers from each village, totaling 120 growers, were selected. The study aimed to explore the socio-economic profiles of groundnut growers, assess their knowledge of micronutrient fertilizers, analyze their buying behavior. The majority of growers (55.83%) were between 36 and 50 years old, with more than 15 years of farming experience. Most belonged to nuclear families and had completed higher secondary education. Borewells and open wells were the main irrigation sources, with 57.50% also involved in animal husbandry. Annual incomes ranged between ₹1,44,901 and ₹6,72,800. Additionally, 73.33% between ₹3,38,501 and ₹8,26,500 from both farming and other sources. Groundnut growers demonstrated high awareness of the importance, access and benefits of micronutrients, though only 19.17% had soil health cards. Agro-input dealers (54.16%) were the primary information source and mixed micronutrients (49.16%) were most preferred. The study found a strong relationship between socio-economic variables and buying behavior, with 96.20% of the variation explained. Positive influences on purchasing included the price of micronutrients, growers’ income, farming experience and larger landholdings, while older growers and those with higher knowledge were less likely to purchase micronutrients. Most growers (75.00%) purchased from agro-service centers or dealers. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the socio-economic profiles, knowledge and buying behavior of groundnut growers in the Sabarkantha district.
Impact of Access to Finance on Small Scale Businesses’ Growth in Jigawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Hussaini Mustapha , Musa Ahmad Mohammed
Published: November 2024

The study examined the impact of access to finance on the growth of small scale businesses (SSBs) in Jigawa State. The study employed a survey method as its research design and the population of the study comprises of all small scale businesses in Jigawa State. A multistage sampling technique was employed to determine the sample size out of which the respondents were selected. Data was collected through the administration of questionnaire to the sampled respondents. The findings from the study identified the financial options available for SSBs across the state which include cooperative societies, loans and micro financing organizations, personal savings and funds from friends and families. The findings further revealed how culture and traditions, lack of support services in business development, high collateral requirements for credit and difficult access to technology and market have constituted obstacles in starting and growth of an enterprise for small scale business owners. The study concludes that to ensure effective growth of small businesses in the state, some of the socio-economic, infrastructural and management challenges to be addressed. It thus, recommends the need to strengthen access to finance for SSBs through creating awareness on available financing options, enabling environment for small scale business owners, facilitating access to public support services and expanding sources of funding to improve businesses with little collateral.
Effect of Salinity on Inorganic Phosphorus Fixation in Sara and Bajoa Soil Series of Ganges Tidal Floodplains
Authors: Fatema Mst. Bushra , Sarker Joy , Ferdous Mst. Jannatul , Sarker Tithi , Nayeema Jannatun , Amin Md. Sadiqul
Published: November 2024

Soil salinity significantly impacts nutrient availability, especially phosphorus (P), in the southwestern regions of Bangladesh, where salinity is prevalent during the dry season. This study investigates the effect of varying salinity levels (2, 4, 8, and 12 dS m⁻¹) on phosphorus transformation and availability in two soil series, Bajoa and Sara, from the Ganges Floodplain. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted with samples exposed to the salinity treatments over 0, 15, 30, and 60 days, followed by sequential extraction to quantify the phosphorus fractions. Results indicated that increased salinity led to a shift in phosphorus forms, with calcium-bound phosphorus (Ca-P) dominating over iron and aluminum-bound (Fe, Al-P) and reductant-soluble phosphorus (Rs-P) in both soil series. The Bajoa and Sara soils showed distinct responses, with a consistent reduction in bioavailable P as salinity levels increased. This fixation of phosphorus into less accessible forms has critical implications for nutrient management, as reduced P availability could limit crop productivity in saline soils. The study highlights the need for targeted phosphorus management strategies for saline-affected soils, emphasizing the importance of tailored fertilization practices to enhance sustainable agricultural productivity. Further research should explore adaptive management practices for phosphorus fertilization to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity on nutrient dynamics in affected regions.
Effect of Feeding Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Powder on Body Weight of Konkan Kanyal Kids
Authors: Sawant Dwij , Mayekar A. J. , Mhetre Akash , Prasade N. N. , Ramod S. S. , Bansode P. B. , Rangel Ryan , Patil Nitishkumar , Abhale Shubham
Published: November 2024

An experimental trial was carried out to assess the impact of feeding ginger (Zingiber officinale) powder on the body weight of Konkan Kanyal kids. Twenty kids were selected and divided into five treatment groups using a Randomized Block Design (RBD), with each treatment further subdivided into four replications. All animals received a complete feed consisting of mulato grass, jowar kadabi, and a concentrate mixture. Treatment T1 served as the control with no ginger powder supplementation, while treatments T2, T3, T4, and T5 were supplemented with 3.0 g, 6.0 g, 9.0 g, and 12.0 g of ginger powder, respectively. The trial lasted for 90 days. There was significant (P<0.05) increase in body weight in treatment T5 which was supplemented with 12 g ginger powder than T4 T3, T2 and T1, after 90 days of ginger powder feeding. From present study it  showed that feeding of ginger powder @ 12 gm improved about 18% body weight of Konkan Kanyal kids than control.
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer and Earthing Up Practices in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia
Authors: Tekulu Kinfe , Berhe Tewolde
Published: November 2024

To increase groundnut yields, integrated agronomic techniques must be implemented. The current study focuses on using starter nitrogen fertilizer in conjunction with earthing up for groundnut cultivation. Three replications and a factorial combination were used in the complete randomized block design of the experiment. Two types of earthing up (no earthing up and earthing up) and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 15, 30, and 45 kg ha-1) were used in the treatment combinations. For each of the Hamedo 1 and Hamedo 2 experimental sites, two undisturbed and two disturbed composite soil samples were collected at a depth of 20 cm before sowing. The data analysis showed that neither the combination application of N fertilizer and earthing up nor the individual independent applications of N fertilizer and earthing up had a significant effect on groundnut flowering and maturity. Groundnut plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, and haulm yields were not significantly affected by earthing up alone or by the co-application of nitrogen fertilizer and earthing up. On the other hand, the exclusive use of nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected groundnut plant height, the number of branches per plant, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, and haulm yield. Applying 45 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer to the Hamedo 1 and Hamedo 2 trial sites enhanced the haulm yield by 70.53% and 78.76%, respectively, compared to the unfertilized plots. Individual applications of nitrogen fertilizer, earthing up, or a combination of both had a significant effect on groundnut pod and kernel yields. In comparison to plots that received a combined application of 45 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer and earthing up, the Hamedo 1 and Hamedo 2 trial sites exhibited increases in pod yields of 57.73% and 55.97%, respectively, when earthing up was combined with 15 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer. In the same way, applying 15 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer to the earthing-up soil in the Hamedo 1 and Hamedo 2 experimental sites boosted the kernel yields by 70.05% and 75.43%, respectively, in comparison to soil earthing-up plots that received 45 kg ha-1 nitrogen. The findings of the economic and agronomic analyses showed that applying nitrogen fertilizer and earthing up together greatly increases groundnut yields and revenues. Therefore, to increase groundnut yields and receive more financial advantages, farmers can consider the combined application of 15 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer and earthing-up.
Effect of Land Configuration and Rainfall on Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. under Saline Irrigation
Authors: Surekha Muli Naga , Vasuki V. , Kavitha S.
Published: November 2024

Field experiment was conducted in Eastern Block Farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to evaluate the effect of land configuration and rainfall on growth and yield of pearl millet under saline water irrigation in summer, 2024. The study was carried out in split plot design with three main plots (flatbed (M1), ridges and furrows (M2) and raised bed paired row planting (M3)) along with four subplot treatments (direct sowing (S1), 10 Day Old Seedlings (DOS) (S2), 15 DOS (modified dapog) (S3) and 20 DOS (S4)) which was replicated thrice. Water availability is a critical factor in influencing the length of the growing period while water quality significantly influences crop growth and yield. Consequently, rainfall received during the growing period affects plant height, Leaf Area Index (LAI), effective tillers and yield. The cumulative rainfall received 208 mm in 22 days and with 10 rainy days during the crop growth period. Rainfall between 40 to 60 Days After Sowing/Planting (DAS/P) corresponded with Crop Growth Rate (CGR). Among main plot treatments, ridges and furrows (M2) recorded higher plant height (173 cm) and effective tillers (2.6) at harvest. Grain and stover yields (t ha-1) were also higher in ridges and furrows (M2) (3.31 and 6.12, respectively) which was statistically on par with raised bed paired row planting (M3) (3.31 and 6.12, respectively).
Influence of Major Abiotic Factors on the Population Trend of Tetranychusurticae Koch on Okra at Samastipur, Bihar, India
Authors: Prasad Surendra , Gouda Swetalin
Published: November 2024

Field experiments were conducted to study the population fluctuation of the phytophagous mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) in okra and its relation with different abiotic factors under field conditions during summer 2023 at Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar. The population of T. urticae in okra commenced from the first fortnight of March and reached its peak of 34.60 mites/ 2.5cm2 leaf areas on the first fortnight of June. There was a positive and significant correlation of the population of T. urticae with maximum temperature (r = 0.779**) and minimum temperature (r = 0.699*).
Evaluation of the Total Antioxidant Capacity of Three Selected Plants in Guyana
Authors: Ally-Charles Bibi , Tyrell Ede , Dey Basil , Jeeboo Karishma , Hutson Andrew , Vanlewin Obena , Abrams Charlan , Hatton Jamain
Published: November 2024

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the leaf extracts of three commonly used medicinal plants in Guyana, namely Brassica juncea (mustard), Struchium sparganophora (antsbush), and Psidium guajava (guava), for their total antioxidant capacity.
Study Design: Experimental-based study.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiments were performed at the chemistry laboratory in the Faculty of Natural Sciences and the main laboratory in the College of Medical Sciences at the University of Guyana from September 2022 to August 2023.
Methodology: The leaves of these plants were collected, washed, and air-dried at 280C for approximately one month, then pulverised in a sterilised food processor. Leaf extracts were then obtained by maceration with various solvents such as hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and methanol; followed by filtration and rotary evaporation. The extracts obtained were then subjected to total antioxidant quantification via the phosphomolybdate method using a spectrophotometer. The total antioxidant capacity of the extracts was expressed as ascorbic acid equivalents.
Results: Antioxidant activity was seen for all the extracts but in varying quantities. The highest antioxidant capacity was observed for the P. guajava extracts with a mean of 5.2 mg/mL. The least activity was observed for the S. sparganophora extracts, with a mean of 0.9 mg/mL. The ethanolic extracts showed the highest antioxidant capacity (10.6 mg/mL for P. guajava; 2.5 mg/mL for B. juncea). The hexane extracts had the least (0.33 mg/mL for P. guajava; 0.24 mg/mL for B. juncea). 
Conclusion: The leaves of B. juncea, S. sparganophora, and P. guajava have antioxidant capacity but those of P. guajava have greater potential for use as complementary and alternative treatments for chronic diseases.
Cell Death Mechanisms
Authors: Seçer Merve Nur Şahan , Dosay-Akbulut Mine
Published: November 2024

Cells and their building blocks ensure the maintenance of life by performing complex tasks such as taking in nutrients, excreting waste materials, producing energy, growth, division and reproduction. The form of intercellular communication and coordination is critical for the organism to grow, develop, and adapt to its environment optimally. The numerical balance of the cells that make up the organism is very important for it to survive in a healthy way. While new cells are being created in the living being, some of the existing cells are also eliminated through cell death, thus ensuring a stable balance. As new cells are generated within the organism, a portion of the existing cells undergoes elimination through the process of cell death, thereby maintaining a stable balance. To uphold this mechanism, various forms of cell death mechanisms are activated. Cell death occurs spontaneously, genetically or by other factors that are a part of the life of living things. It basically exists in two main forms. These are programmed and unprogrammed cell death. Cell death mechanisms are critical for the development, survival and health of living organisms. This process, which is basically divided into two main categories, is called programmed cell death (apoptosis) and unprogrammed cell death (necrosis). Programmed and unprogrammed cell death mechanisms are very important for the proper functioning of biological systems and the continuation of life. While programmed cell death (apoptosis) plays very important roles in the regulation and development of tissues, homeostasis, immune response and prevention of diseases, unprogrammed cell death (necrosis) is important in the rapid repair of tissue by clearing damaged cells and the clearance of pathogens. Understanding the way death mechanisms work is very important in terms of understanding the effects that may occur on a healthy continuation of life and in developing more effective methods in the treatment of diseases that may arise as a result. For these reasons, what death mechanisms are, their types, differences and working principles have been tried to be summarized in this study.
Evaluation of Genetic Variability for Yield and Associated Traits in Breeding Lines Derived from the Cross RNR-15048 × Tunga
Authors: N Mounika , B Manjunatha , S. K. Shashikala , I. H. Basavaraj , F. C. Rudragowda
Published: November 2024

Aims: To evaluate the genetic variability of 45 rice breeding lines for 12 quantitative and 2 qualitative traits, aiming to identify and enhance traits that contribute to improved crop yield and nutritional quality in rice.
Study Design:  The experiment was carried out in Randomised Complete Block Design with two replications.
Place and Duration of Study: During kharif 2023 at Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Kathalagere, Davangere.
Methodology: The research utilized 45 breeding lines resulting from the cross RNR15048 × Tunga, sourced from the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture Shimoga, along with 5 checks. Data was recorded and analyzed statistically using R software.
Results: The significant differences among the breeding lines identified through the analysis of variance highlight the potential for selecting superior genotypes within the studied rice breeding lines. High to moderate values of the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) suggest that there is substantial genetic diversity for the traits evaluated, indicating a promising opportunity for genetic improvement through selective breeding.
Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the importance of focusing yield improvement programs on specific traits, including plant height, number of tillers per plant, productive tillers per plant, grains per panicle, filled grains per panicle, test weight, protein content, and overall grain yield. Emphasizing these traits is essential for enhancing the productivity and nutritional value of rice, ultimately supporting food security efforts.
Virulence Factors and Pathogenicity Islands in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Brazilian Children
Authors: Paiva Ronaldo Silveira de , Varella Renata de Lima , Soncini João Gabriel Material , Tano Zuleica Naomi , Vespero Eliana Carolina
Published: November 2024

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a Gram-negative bacillus responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal infections, and the main cause of urinary tract infection. Its pathogenicity is mediated through virulence factors located in regions of the bacterial chromosome called pathogenicity islands, in addition to the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL).
Aims: Investigate the frequency of virulence factors from E. coli isolated in the urine of children with suspected urinary tract infection in the community, investigate the types of ESBL and its frequency of virulence factors and perform the phylogenetic classification of the strains.
Study design: This is an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out through the analysis of positive urine cultures from children aged 0 to 12 years old.
Place and Duration of Study: The samples were collected in the city of Londrina, state of Paraná (Brazil) and processed from May 1, 2021, to September 9, 2022.
Methodology: 89 E. coli samples from urine cultures were included. The PCR method was used for genotypic identification of the main virulence factors of E. coli.
Results: The iutA iron acquisition system was the most prevalent virulence factor (77.5%). There was a statistical difference in the two groups ESBL or non-ESBL in relation to the fimH and hlyA. The ESBL most prevalent was CTX-M2. PAI IV536 was the most prevalent among all isolates (52.8%) and the only pathogenicity island with a significant result. The most prevalent phylogenetic classification group was B2 (41.6%).
Conclusions: E. coli strains have an arsenal of virulence factors that allow them to induce infection, with the statistical difference between the ESBL and non-ESBL groups. PAI IV536 was the most prevalent among all isolates, in the same way as phylogenetic group B2. The finding of CTX-M2 like the more prevalent type of ESBL agrees with other studies in the region.
The Millet Scenario in India during the Last Three Decades
Authors: Muthulakshmi K. , Anshika R. A. , ArjunKumar V. , Mohana A.P. , Meenatchi K.S.
Published: November 2024

The nutrient rich millet crops are cultivated in marginal and poor soil as rainfed crop in India.Millets are rich in proteins, and minerals like Zinc, Iron and Phytochemicals, because of it rich nutrient status it’s called as Nutri-cereals. The market demand on millets in increasing day by day. So, this study focussed on the growth performance and instability in area, production and productivity. This study considered the period from 1990 to 2021. The secondary data like area, production and productivity were collected from various publications like APEDA, Agriculture StatisticsHandbook and India Stat. Over the entire period the area, production and productivity showed a decreasing trend. The estimated CDVI (Cuddy-Della Valle Index) value revealed that the production of millets had high instability while the area had the lowest instability. Hence the government should create awareness among the farmers and consumers.
Correlates of Socio Demographic Factors with Utilization of ICT Gadgets by Rural Students
Authors: Kardam Priyanka , Dahiya Manju , Yadav Beena
Published: November 2024

Aims: This study investigates the utilization of ICT gadgets by rural students, focusing on usage patterns and their correlation with socio-demographic factors. As the demand and usage of ICT is increased, it is necessary to identify the ICT gadgets used by rural students and their extent of utilization so they may not be lag behind as urban population increasing the digital divide.
Study Design: The research design was descriptive correlational research in nature. Research targeted two government senior secondary schools, one each from the villages of Niyana and Bhiwani Rohilla. A total of 100 students from grades 9 to 12 participated in the study who were willing and interested to participate.
Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in the Hisar district of Haryana state. The collection of data was done through the self-constructed questionnaire in the month of May, 2022 by the researcher itself. Duration of the study was 6 months.
Methodology: Utilization was the usage of the ICT gadgets to reveal which types of ICT gadgets were being utilized by the respondents and which were not utilized. The developed questionnaire was used to discover the most utilized ICT gadgets by the respondents. For calculating, Level of Utilization of ICT gadgets, an excel sheet was made with the responses of the students given on the self-developed questionnaire on the usage of number of gadgets (0-15). For Comparison of School-I and School-II, Significance of the Difference was used. Correlation between Socio-Demographic profile of the respondents and utilization of ICT gadgets by School-I and School-II was also analyzed with P=.05.
Results: It was revealed that all students in School-I utilized smartphones and televisions, with most displaying a medium level of usage. In contrast, students in School-II exhibited a lower level of ICT gadget utilization, despite similar access to smartphones and televisions. The t-score analysis revealed a significant difference in usage levels between the two schools.
Smartphones were the most utilized devices for a variety of purposes, including academics, entertainment, and online transactions, while laptops were the least used gadgets. The study also found a positive correlation between education level and ICT gadget usage, suggesting that students with higher education engage more with ICT tools. A negative correlation was observed between distance from urban centers and ICT usage, indicating that students farther from cities face greater challenges in accessing technology. The results of the research will be beneficial for government and policymakers to formulate programs to enhance the utilization of ICT gadgets by rural students of India to overcome digital gap.
Conclusion: These findings emphasize the influence of socio-demographic factors on ICT usage and highlight the need for targeted interventions to enhance technology access and utilization in rural education.
The Influence of Financial Literacy and Risk Tolerance on Investment Decisions: Evidence from MSMEs
Authors: Rahmawati Ika Yustina , Innayati Nur Isna , Pramono Hadi , Wiarsih Cicih
Published: November 2024

Aims: to examine the effect of financial literacy, demographic factors, and risk tolerance on investment decision-making. This research is based on prospect theory, prospect theory has specifications, namely behavior-based economics which states that economic actors are not always rational.
Study Design: The research I use is quantitative, which is a systematic study of parts and phenomena and the causality of their relationships.
Place and Duration of Study: This study used a sample of 111 MSME players in the Banyumas and surrounding areas, with the duration of the study starting from March 2024 to August 2024.
Methodology: This research is a quantitative study using a sampling technique, namely non-probability sampling (Accidental Sampling). Data analysis using Structural Equation Model-PLS with Smart-PLS 3.0 software.
Results and Conclusion: prove that financial literacy and risk tolerance variables have a positive and significant effect on investment decisions. If previously demographic variables were the main variables, then in this study demographics became control variables. The demographic variables are the length of business, income, education level, and age of the business owner. The results of the analysis show that the two variables of length of business and income hurt investment decisions and the variables of education level and age of business owners have a positive effect. This shows that MSME players in the Banyumas area already have a fairly high level of financial insight so that they can make good financial (investment) decisions.
PENGARUH STREAMER ATTRACTIVENESS DAN PARA-SOCIAL INTERACTION TERHADAP AROUSAL DAN IMPULSIVE BUYING PADA TIKTOK LIVE SHOPPING
Authors: Angelina Melissa , Henuk Yohan Gunawan
Published: November 2024

Pengguna aktif sosial media di Indonesia semakin meningkat membuat bisnis online melalui media sosial semakin banyak. Dengan adanya platform berniaga secara online memudahkan penjual dan pembeli untuk berkomunikasi. Meningkatnya penggunaan metode live streaming membuat aplikasi di TikTok semakin berkembang pesat. Berdasarkan studi terdahulu, variabel yang dapat mempengaruhi live streaming adalah streamer attractiveness dan para-social interaction. Kedua variabel ini dapat mempengaruhi arousal dan impulsive buying. Tujuan dari penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari streamer attractiveness dan para-social interaction terhadap arousal dan impulsive buying pada TikTok Live Shopping. Penelitian ini menggunakan 135 responden laki-laki dan perempuan berusia 18-45 tahun yang pernah menonton live stream TikTok 1 kali seminggu dalam waktu 6 bulan terakhir. Pengolaan data kuantitatif menggunakan program Partial Least Square (PLS). Proses analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan SEM-PLS melalui dua tahapan utama yaitu evaluasi outer model dan inner model. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan selanjutnya adalah uji T. Dari hasil analisa data, ditemukan bahwa streamer attractiveness dan para-social interaction berpengaruh positif terhadap arousal dan arousal berpengaruh positif terhadap impulsive buying.
PENGARUH HEDONIC SHOPPING VALUE TERHADAP IMPULSE BUYING MELALUI SHOPPING LIFESTYLE SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI DARI BERSHKA PAKUWON MALL
Authors: Giveline Vionetta Agnes , Japarianto Edwin , Tandijaya Trixie Nova Bella
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Hedonic Shopping Value terhadap Impulse Buying dengan Shopping Lifestyle sebagai variabel moderasi di Bershka Pakuwon Mall. Data berasal dari sampel 121 pelanggan Breshka Pakuwon Mall yang peneliti survei menggunakan kuesioner secara langsung di lokasi penelitian dan secara online melalui media sosial. Untuk menguji hipotesis penelitian, peneliti menggunakan Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Hedonic Shopping Value berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Impulse Buying pelanggan Bershka Pakuwon Mall. Lebih jauh, Shopping Lifestyle memoderasi hubungan antara Hedonic Shopping Value terhadap Impulse Buying pelanggan Bershka Pakuwon Mall.
Tendencias pedagógicas basadas en la disciplina positiva para el fomento de la convivencia en el aula Pedagogical trends based on positive discipline for the promotion of coexistence in the classroom Tendências pedagógicas baseadasna disciplina positiva para a promoção da convivência em sala de aula
Authors: Beltrán Denis Liliana Palacios , Hernández Helmer Muñoz
Published: November 2024

This study analyzes the implementation of pedagogical trends based on positive discipline and their impact on school coexistence in primary classrooms in the city of Cúcuta, Colombia. Positive discipline, focused on mutual respect, empathy, and self-regulation, is presented as an effective alternative to traditional disciplinary methods. Through strategies such as peer mediation, the use of positive language, and the reinforcement of socio-emotional skills, conflicts have been reduced and an environment of collaboration among students has been fostered, thus improving the school climate and promoting meaningful learning. The research highlights the importance of adapting these pedagogical trends to the socioeconomic and cultural particularities of Cúcuta, highlighting the need for flexible and context-sensitive approaches. In addition, the crucial role of teacher training and collaboration with the community to ensure the sustainability of these strategies is recognized. The results show that a safer and more inclusive school environment, based on positive discipline, has a direct impact on the academic performance and emotional well-being of students, promoting a more harmonious coexistence and comprehensive development.
A Life Cycle Cost Comparison of Flexible Versus Rigidpavements in Nigeria: Case Study of Papalanto - Sagamu Road
Authors: Apampa Olanrewaju Ahmed
Published: November 2024

The condition of roads in Nigeria, most of which are made from asphalt, is generally considered unsatisfactory. This has led to calls for a blanket switch from asphalt pavements to concrete pavements for new road construction. This study examines the characteristics and relative advantages of the two pavement types; and carried out the design and life cycle cost comparison of a case study road with heavy traffic and poor subgrade conditions. The results indicate that, the initial cost of construction is actually less for the concrete pavement by 12% when compared with the asphalt alternative, while the life cycle cost analysis further yielded an advantage of 36% for the concrete pavement. The paper therefore recommends that major roads, particularly those on the national and international transit corridor, being of heavy traffic, should be reconstructed as the need arises, as concrete pavements. The paper however further recommends that, axle load control should be enforced through the introduction of weigh bridges and that routine maintenance should mandatorily be carried out, as even the best constructed concrete pavements have failed due to lack of routine maintenance like clearing the road verges of weed and road sand and desilting of drainage structures
Tendance Evolutive Et Bilan Des Sediments De Profondeur De 2008 A 2018 : Cas De La Lagune Adjin (Littoral De La Cote D’ivoire)
Authors: Privat TOGBA Alain , Alexis N’GUESSAN Yao , Ferdin KOUAME Aka , Gaël IRIE BI Jean
Published: November 2024

The Adjin lagoon was studied in its morphological, hydrological and sedimentological aspect. This study made it possible to understand the morphological modifications of the bottom and surface of the Adjin lagoon based on the production and superposition of two bathymetric maps from the years 2008 and 2018. In addition, this study makes it possible to know the estimation of the speed, volume of sediments eroded and deposited. From a morphological point of view, the Adjin lagoon is characterized by depressions and shoals. The depressions are at the origin of the formation of “V” shaped channels. Shoals are characteristic of “U” shaped channels. Depths less than 11 m occupy 2/3 of its surface area. Particularly during the last ten years, the Adjin lagoon has suffered erosion and deposition phenomena. The rate of eroded sediments is estimated at approximately - 1.65 hm³ over an area of 7.9 km2 while in the same period, the rate of sediments deposited is +3.42 hm³ over an area of 12.3 km2 . This results in a sediment budget of +1.77 hm³. The evolutionary trend of sedimentary dynamics in the Adjin lagoon is therefore more favorable to fattening than to erosion. The sedimentation rate is estimated at approximately 2.7 cm/year. The morphological analysis and the sedimentary balance provide crucial information on the good management of fresh water and aquatic resources of the Adjin lagoon. Therefore, populations living near this body of water must limit their domestic activities in order to preserve the quality of this water