bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endovascular versus surgical treatment of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: a single-center 8-year experience
Authors: Sorteberg Wilhelm , Sorteberg Angelika , Jacobsen Eva Astrid , Rønning Pål , Nome Terje , Eide Per Kristian
Published: September 2021

Background

Cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are rare lesions managed mainly with endovascular treatment (EVT) and/or surgery. We hypothesize that there may be subtypes of dAVFs responding better to a specific treatment modality in terms of successful obliteration and cessation of symptoms and/or risks.

Methods

All dAVFs treated during 2011–2018 at our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Presenting symptoms, radiological variables, treatment modality, complications, and residual symptoms were related to dAVF type using the original Djindjian classification.

Results

We treated 112 dAVFs in 107 patients (71, 66% males). They presented with hemorrhage (n = 23; 21%), non-hemorrhagic symptoms (n = 75; 70%), or were discovered incidentally (n = 9; 8%). There were 25 (22%) type I, 29 (26%) type II, 26 (23%) type III, and 32 (29%) type IV fistulas. EVT was the primary treatment modality in 72/112 (64%) dAVFs whereas 40/112 (36%) underwent primary surgery with angiographic obliteration rates of 60% and 90%, respectively. Using a secondary treatment modality in 23 dAVFs, we obtained a final obliteration rate of 93%, including all type III/IV and 26/27 (96%) type II dAVFs. Except for headache, residual symptoms were rare and minor. Permanent neurological complications consisted of five cranial nerve deficits.

Conclusions

We recommend EVT as first treatment modality in types I, II, and in non-hemorrhagic type III/IV dAVFs. We recommend surgery as first treatment choice in acute hemorrhagic dAVFs and as secondary choice in type III/IV dAVFs not successfully occluded by EVT. Combining the two modalities provides obliteration in 9/10 dAVF cases at a low procedural risk.
Frank–Wolfe and friends: a journey into projection-free first-order optimization methods
Authors: Bomze Immanuel M. , Rinaldi Francesco , Zeffiro Damiano
Published: September 2021

Invented some 65 years ago in a seminal paper by Marguerite Straus-Frank and Philip Wolfe, the Frank–Wolfe method recently enjoys a remarkable revival, fuelled by the need of fast and reliable first-order optimization methods in Data Science and other relevant application areas. This review tries to explain the success of this approach by illustrating versatility and applicability in a wide range of contexts, combined with an account on recent progress in variants, improving on both the speed and efficiency of this surprisingly simple principle of first-order optimization.
Understanding indirect requests for information in high-functioning autism
Authors: Marocchini Eleonora , Di Paola Simona , Mazzaggio Greta , Domaneschi Filippo
Published: September 2021

Few works have addressed the processing of indirect requests in High-Functioning Autism (HFA), and results are conflicting. Some studies report HFA individuals’ difficulties in indirect requests comprehension; others suggest that it might be preserved in HFA. Furthermore, the role of Theory of Mind in understanding indirect requests is an open issue. The goal of this work is twofold: first, assessing whether comprehension of indirect requests for information is preserved in HFA; second, exploring whether mind-reading skills predict this ability. We tested a group of (n = 14; 9–12 years) HFA children and two groups of younger (n = 19; 5–6 years) and older (n = 28; 9–12 years) typically developing (TD) children in a semi-structured task involving direct, indirect and highly indirect requests for information. Results suggested that HFA can understand indirect and highly indirect requests, as well as TD children. Yet, while Theory of Mind skills seem to enhance older TD children understanding, this is not the case for HFA children. Therefore, interestingly, they could rely on different interpretative strategies.
Upper bounds for Steklov eigenvalues of subgraphs of polynomial growth Cayley graphs
Authors: Tschanz Léonard
Published: September 2021

We study the Steklov problem on a subgraph with boundary $$(\Omega ,B)$$

(
Ω
,
B
)

of a polynomial growth Cayley graph $$\Gamma$$
Γ
. For $$(\Omega _l, B_l)_{l=1}^\infty$$

(

Ω
l

,

B
l

)

l
=
1

∞

a sequence of subgraphs of $$\Gamma$$
Γ
such that $$|\Omega _l| \longrightarrow \infty$$

|

Ω
l

|
⟶
∞

, we prove that for each $$k \in {\mathbb {N}}$$

k
∈
N

, the kth eigenvalue tends to 0 proportionally to $$1/|B|^{\frac{1}{d-1}}$$

1
/

|
B
|

1

d
-
1

, where d represents the growth rate of $$\Gamma$$
Γ
. The method consists in associating a manifold M to $$\Gamma$$
Γ
and a bounded domain $$N \subset M$$

N
⊂
M

to a subgraph $$(\Omega , B)$$

(
Ω
,
B
)

of $$\Gamma$$
Γ
. We find upper bounds for the Steklov spectrum of N and transfer these bounds to $$(\Omega , B)$$

(
Ω
,
B
)

by discretizing N and using comparison theorems.
The Effect of Sound and Stimulus Expectation on Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Elicited Motor Evoked Potentials
Authors: Capozio Antonio , Chakrabarty Samit , Astill Sarah
Published: September 2021

The amplitude of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the motor cortex is influenced by multiple factors. TMS delivery is accompanied by an abrupt clicking noise which can induce a startle response. This study investigated how masking/attenuating the sound produced by the TMS system discharging influences MEP amplitudes. In addition, the effects of increasing the time between consecutive stimuli and of making participants aware of the time at which they would be stimulated were studied. MEPs were recorded from the Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR) muscle at rest by stimulation at motor threshold (MT), 120% MT and 140% MT intensity. Participants (N = 23) received stimulation under normal (NORMAL) conditions and while: wearing sound-attenuating earmuffs (EAR); listening to white noise (NOISE); the interval between stimuli were prolonged (LONG); stimulation timing was presented on a screen (READY). The results showed that masking (p = 0.020) and attenuating (p = 0.004) the incoming sound significantly reduced the amplitude of MEPs recorded across the intensities of stimulation. Increasing the interval between pulses had no effect on the recorded traces if a jitter was introduced (p = 1), but making participants aware of stimulation timing decreased MEP amplitudes (p = 0.049). These findings suggest that the sound produced by TMS at discharging increases MEP amplitudes and that MEP amplitudes are influenced by stimulus expectation. These confounding factors need to be considered when using TMS to assess corticospinal excitability.
Measuring the impact of suspending Umrah, a global mass gathering in Saudi Arabia on the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Alshammari Sultanah M. , Almutiry Waleed K. , Gwalani Harsha , Algarni Saeed M. , Saeedi Kawther
Published: September 2021

Since the early days of the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China, Saudi Arabia started to implement several preventative measures starting with the imposition of travel restrictions to and from China. Due to the rapid spread of COVID-19, and with the first confirmed case in Saudi Arabia in March 2019, more strict measures, such as international travel restriction, and suspension or cancellation of major events, social gatherings, prayers at mosques, and sports competitions, were employed. These non-pharmaceutical interventions aim to reduce the extent of the epidemic due to the implications of international travel and mass gatherings on the increase in the number of new cases locally and globally. Since this ongoing outbreak is the first of its kind in the modern world, the impact of suspending mass gatherings on the outbreak is unknown and difficult to measure. We use a stratified SEIR epidemic model to evaluate the impact of Umrah, a global Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic during the month of Ramadan, the peak of the Umrah season. The analyses shown in the paper provide insights into the effects of global mass gatherings such as Hajj and Umrah on the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic locally and globally.
Neglected Pragmatism: Discussing Abduction to Dissolute Classical Dichotomies
Authors: Sans Pinillos Alger
Published: September 2021

Many parts of the contemporary philosophical debate have been built on the radicalization of conclusions derived from the acceptance of a certain set of classical dichotomies. It also discusses how pragmatism and abduction are currently presented to solve the problems arising from these dichotomies. For this reason, the efforts of this article have been directed to analyze the impact of this fact on the philosophy of science and logic. The starting point is that accepting abduction implies, in many ways, accepting the foundations of pragmatism. Also, that the analysis of such problems from pragmatism and the particular use of abduction dissolve the dichotomies and, with it, also modify the philosophical problems related to them. Therefore, I propose to understand abduction as the right conceptual device to review the problems and debates of the twentieth century’s epistemology from a pragmatic perspective. In doing so, the aim is to propose that the current use of abduction in contemporary debates may imply a change of the philosophical perspective.
Partial mowing of urban lawns supports higher abundances and diversities of insects
Authors: Wintergerst Jennifer , Kästner Tommy , Bartel Manuela , Schmidt Christian , Nuss Matthias
Published: September 2021

Within the citizen science project “Flowering meadows for Saxonian butterflies”, more than 640 meadows are partially and at maximum three times annually mowed in order to change urban lawns into habitats for insects. In 2019, insect diversity was evaluated using the 100 sweep net technique during five visits at nine butterfly meadows (BM) and nine intensively mowed lawns (IML). The mean arthropod biomass of these five visits per site is significantly higher on BM compared to IML. All adult individuals of Apidae, Coleoptera, Heteroptera, Orthoptera, Papilionoidea as well as Asilidae and Syrphidae have been identified morphologically, revealing 260 species from all study sites. The mean number of species per visit is significantly higher on BM compared to IML. 90 species are recorded as larva and the mean number of species per visit is significantly higher on BM compared to IML. 42 species are recorded as larva as well as adult. The records of larvae provide evidence for reproduction on the meadows.

Implications for insect conservation

Our results clearly demonstrate that a reduced mowing frequency together with an always partial mowing of the area support higher biomass, abundances and diversities of insects as well as reproduction of insects on urban lawns. Therefore, reduced mowing frequency together with partial mowing is recommended for urban lawns as well as meadows in the countryside and conservation areas to foster insect diversity.
Meaning-Preserving Translations of Non-classical Logics into Classical Logic: Between Pluralism and Monism
Authors: Schurz Gerhard
Published: September 2021

In order to prove the validity of logical rules, one has to assume these rules in the metalogic. However, rule-circular ‘justifications’ are demonstrably without epistemic value (sec. 1). Is a non-circular justification of a logical system possible? This question attains particular importance in view of lasting controversies about classical versus non-classical logics. In this paper the question is answered positively, based on meaning-preserving translations between logical systems. It is demonstrated that major systems of non-classical logic, including multi-valued, paraconsistent, intuitionistic and quantum logics, can be translated into classical logic by introducing additional intensional operators into the language (sec. 2–5). Based on this result it is argued that classical logic is representationally optimal. In sec. 6 it is investigated whether non-classical logics can be likewise representationally optimal. The answer is predominantly negative but partially positive. Nevertheless the situation is not symmetric, because classical logic has important ceteris paribus advantages as a unifying metalogic.
Augmented reality flavor: cross-modal mapping across gustation, olfaction, and vision
Authors: Halabi Osama , Saleh Mohammad
Published: September 2021

Gustatory display research is still in its infancy despite being one of the essential everyday senses that human practice while eating and drinking. Indeed, the most important and frequent tasks that our brain deals with every day are foraging and feeding. The recent studies by psychologists and cognitive neuroscientist revealed how complex multisensory rely on the integration of cues from all the human senses in any flavor experiences. The perception of flavor is multisensory and involves combinations of gustatory and olfactory stimuli. The cross-modal mapping between these modalities needs to be more explored in the virtual environment and simulation, especially in liquid food. In this paper, we present a customized wearable Augmented Reality (AR) system and olfaction display to study the effect of vision and olfaction on the gustatory sense. A user experiment and extensive analysis conducted to study the influence of each stimulus on the overall flavor, including other factors like age, previous experience in Virtual Reality (VR)/AR, and beverage consumption. The result showed that smell contributes strongly to the flavor with less contribution to the vision. However, the combination of these stimuli can deliver richer experience and a higher belief rate. Beverage consumption had a significant effect on the flavor belief rate. Experience is correlated with stimulus and age is correlated with belief rate, and both indirectly affected the belief rate.
Microencapsulation of Phenolic Extracts from Cocoa Shells to Enrich Chocolate Bars
Authors: Grassia M. , Messia M.C. , Marconi E. , Demirkol Ȫ. Şakiyan , Erdoğdu F. , Sarghini F. , Cinquanta L. , Corona O. , Planeta D.
Published: September 2021

Cocoa bean shells were subjected to green extraction technologies, based on the absence of toxic organic solvents, to recover polyphenols; the extract was then encapsulated using a spray dryer and maltodextrin as coating agent. The best conditions observed in the spray drying tests (core-to-coating ratio 1:5; inlet temperature 150 °C; flow rate 6 ml min−1) were applied to produce the microcapsules used to enrich the same cocoa mass as the shells and processed for the preparation of the chocolate bars. Sensory analysis showed no significant differences between enriched chocolate bar and the unenriched reference one, except for the appearance. Both samples were then subjected to accelerated storage tests, at the end of which the polyphenols in the control chocolate bar (0.85 g 100 g−1) were reduced by about 50% (0.42 g 100 g−1), while in the enriched chocolate (1.17 g 100 g−1) by only 22% (0.97 g 100 g−1). The proposed process significantly enriched the chocolate bars with phenolic antioxidants recovered from cocoa waste without increasing the sensations of bitterness and astringency.
On the Use of Aggregate Survey Data for Estimating Regional Major Depressive Disorder Prevalence
Authors: Morales Domingo , Krause Joscha , Burgard Jan Pablo
Published: September 2021

Major depression is a severe mental disorder that is associated with strongly increased mortality. The quantification of its prevalence on regional levels represents an important indicator for public health reporting. In addition to that, it marks a crucial basis for further explorative studies regarding environmental determinants of the condition. However, assessing the distribution of major depression in the population is challenging. The topic is highly sensitive, and national statistical institutions rarely have administrative records on this matter. Published prevalence figures as well as available auxiliary data are typically derived from survey estimates. These are often subject to high uncertainty due to large sampling variances and do not allow for sound regional analysis. We propose a new area-level Poisson mixed model that accounts for measurement errors in auxiliary data to close this gap. We derive the empirical best predictor under the model and present a parametric bootstrap estimator for the mean squared error. A method of moments algorithm for consistent model parameter estimation is developed. Simulation experiments are conducted to show the effectiveness of the approach. The methodology is applied to estimate the major depression prevalence in Germany on regional levels crossed by sex and age groups.
Epigenetic clock and methylation studies in the rhesus macaque
Authors: Horvath Steve , Zoller Joseph A. , Haghani Amin , Jasinska Anna J. , Raj Ken , Breeze Charles E. , Ernst Jason , Vaughan Kelli L. , Mattison Julie A.
Published: September 2021

Methylation levels at specific CpG positions in the genome have been used to develop accurate estimators of chronological age in humans, mice, and other species. Although epigenetic clocks are generally species-specific, the principles underpinning them appear to be conserved at least across the mammalian class. This is exemplified by the successful development of epigenetic clocks for mice and several other mammalian species. Here, we describe epigenetic clocks for the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), the most widely used nonhuman primate in biological research. Using a custom methylation array (HorvathMammalMethylChip40), we profiled n = 281 tissue samples (blood, skin, adipose, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, and cerebral cortex). From these data, we generated five epigenetic clocks for macaques. These clocks differ with regard to applicability to different tissue types (pan-tissue, blood, skin), species (macaque only or both humans and macaques), and measure of age (chronological age versus relative age). Additionally, the age-based human-macaque clock exhibits a high age correlation (R = 0.89) with the vervet monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus), another Old World species. Four CpGs within the KLF14 promoter were consistently altered with age in four tissues (adipose, blood, cerebral cortex, skin). Future studies will be needed to evaluate whether these epigenetic clocks predict age-related conditions in the rhesus macaque.
Octonionic Kerzman–Stein Operators
Authors: Constales Denis , Kraußhar Rolf Sören
Published: September 2021

In this paper we consider generalized Hardy spaces in the octonionic setting associated to arbitrary Lipschitz domains where the unit normal field exists almost everywhere. First we discuss some basic properties and explain structural differences to the associative Clifford analysis setting. The non-associativity requires special attention in the definition of an appropriate inner product and hence in the definition of a generalized Szegö projection. Whenever we want to apply classical theorems from reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces we first need to switch to the consideration of real-valued inner products where the Riesz representation theorem holds. Then we introduce a generalization of the dual Cauchy transform for octonionic monogenic functions which represents the adjoint transform with respect to the real-valued inner product$$\langle \cdot , \cdot \rangle _0$$⟨·,·⟩0together with an associated octonionic Kerzman–Stein operator and related kernel functions. Also in the octonionic setting, the Kerzman–Stein operator that we introduce turns out to be a compact operator. A motivation behind this approach is to find an approximative method to compute the Szegö projection of octonionic monogenic functions offering a possibility to tackle BVP in the octonions without the explicit knowledge of the octonionic Szegö kernel which is extremely difficult to determine in general. We also discuss the particular cases of the octonionic unit ball and the half-space. Finally, we relate our octonionic Kerzman–Stein operator to the Hilbert transform and particularly to the Hilbert–Riesz transform in the half-space case.
Juice chemical properties of 24 sorghum cultivars under varying levels of sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari) infestation
Authors: Knoll Joseph E. , Uchimiya Minori , Harris-Shultz Karen
Published: September 2021

Sugarcane aphids [Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner)] have become a significant pest of grain, forage, and sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in the USA in recent years. However, the effects of sugarcane aphid damage on sweet sorghum juice quality have not been well studied. A three-year (2015–2017) field study was conducted at Tifton, GA to assess planting date effects (April, May, or June planting) and cultivar responses (24 cultivars) to sugarcane aphids in sorghum. Aphid damage ratings were measured in all three years and cumulative aphid days were measured in 2016 and 2017. Cumulative aphid days (ln scale) and damage ratings (relative marginal effect) were correlated in five of the six plantings. Stem juice was collected at maturity from seven plantings for chemical analyses, which included HPLC, fluorescence excitation-emission spectrophotometry with parallel factor analysis (EEM/PARAFAC), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Aphid damage ratings and cumulative aphid days were negatively correlated with sugar-related traits, particularly brix and total sugars. In four plantings, significant negative correlations (r ≤ −0.493) between trans-aconitic acid concentration and aphid damage were observed. Fluorescence and electrochemical properties related to the presence of polyphenols also showed correlations with aphid damage, particularly in the resistant landrace No. 5 Gambela. These secondary metabolites may play a role in sugarcane aphid resistance or tolerance. Stability analysis revealed that the more tolerant cultivars were able to maintain high concentrations of total sugars and trans-aconitic acid across environments.
Analysis of Post-operative Adjuvant Chemotherapy Versus Adjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy Outcomes in Non-metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma: an NCDB Review
Authors: Rodriguez Robin R. , Abel Stephen , Mamadgi Jyothika , Renz Paul B. , Wegner Rodney E. , Raj Moses S.
Published: September 2021

Background

Each year, approximately 8000 cases of cholangiocarcinoma are recorded in the USA. Surgical resection is considered to be the only curative option. Despite surgery as a curative approach, many patients will require adjuvant therapies in the form of chemotherapy (ChT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT). As such, we sought to analyze outcomes in patients with non-metastatic cholangiocarcinoma receiving adjuvant ChT or CRT following surgical resection.

Methods

We queried the National Cancer Database (NCDB) for patients with a diagnosis of non-metastatic cholangiocarcinoma between the years 2010 and 2015 who underwent adjuvant ChT or CRT following surgery. Overall survival (OS) was calculated using Kaplan Meier method. Cox proportional hazard ratios were used to identify predictors of overall survival, and logistic regression was used to identify predictors of receiving each treatment.

Results

A total of 875 patients were identified who met the above eligibility criteria. Of these patients, 818 received adjuvant chemotherapy alone with 57 patients receiving adjuvant chemoradiation therapy. The median OS in patients receiving CRT was 19.8 months versus 11.9 months for ChT (p value < 0.0238). The 1- and 5-year survival rates between ChT and CRT were 50% vs 61% and 6% vs 13%, respectively (hazard ratio 0.7005; 95% CI 0.51–0.97; p value < 0.0294).

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest a potential benefit of chemoradiation therapy in the adjuvant setting, although the trends appear to show rare utilization. Given the limitations of our study, prospective corroboration is warranted.
Thermal building upgrade with off-grid PV system: a Polish case
Authors: Wciślik Sylwia , Kotrys-Działak Dagmara
Published: September 2021

Nowadays, one of the basic requirements for thermally upgraded buildings involves limitation in CO2 emission even by over 90%. To fulfil these criteria, it is necessary to use alternative energy sources and photovoltaics constitutes a reasonable option for this. This paper addresses an analysis of the efficiency and profitability of a photovoltaic system located in the geometric center of Europe-Poland, where the intensity of solar irradiation is not very high compared to other European countries. The difference of total solar radiation density between Poland and Malta is 49.2%, from analysis based on SolarGIS base. The PV Lighthouse calculator was used for global power density and photon current examination for a Polish city and locations of the highest and the lowest solar radiation values, Malta and Finland, respectively. This case study concerns a thermally upgraded building; a gas boiler was replaced by a heat pump supported by an off-grid PV system. To achieve a reduction in CO2 emission of 90%, it is necessary to install 182 PV cells, which generates high investment costs. An investment is entirely profitable with 70% of funding with Simple Pay Back Time, SPBT~7 years although Net Present Value, NPV>0; Internal Rate of Return, IRR=10.6%.
Stigma and life satisfaction among out-of-school Korean youth: the mediating roles of self-esteem and depressive symptoms
Authors: Cho Myong Sun
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which self-esteem and depressive symptoms mediated the influence of stigma on life satisfaction among out-of-school youth in the Republic of Korea. Cross-sectional data were collected from 318 youth, aged 18 to 23 years (20.67 ± 1.12), who provided information on perceived stigma, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, and personal characteristics. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was followed by a path analysis to investigate the mediation effects. Stigma was found to be negatively associated with life satisfaction. Self-esteem mediated the negative association between stigma and life satisfaction, while depressive symptoms mediated the positive association between stigma and life satisfaction. The path analysis results showed that the influence of depressive symptoms on life satisfaction had the largest path coefficient (β = −0.60, p < .01) and the influence of self-esteem on life satisfaction also has a large path coefficient (β = 0.52, p < .01). This study demonstrated that self-esteem and depressive symptoms are important to the relationship between stigma and life satisfaction. Implications are discussed regarding possible stigma-reduction strategies and interventions to help out-of-school youth integrate into society and lead successful and satisfying lives.
Impact of weather conditions and building design on contaminant infiltration from crawl spaces in Swedish schools—Numerical modeling using Monte Carlo method
Authors: Domhagen Fredrik , Wahlgren Paula , Hagentoft Carl-Eric
Published: September 2021

Some Swedish school buildings built in the 1960s and 1970s experience indoor air quality problems, where the contaminants are suspected to come from the crawl space underneath the building. The poor indoor air quality causes discomfort among pupils and teachers. Installing an exhaust fan to maintain a negative pressure difference in the crawl space relative to indoors or increasing the ventilation in the classroom are two examples of common measures taken to improve the indoor air quality. However, these measures are not always effective, and sometimes the school building has to be demolished. The relation between pressure distribution, contaminant concentration in the classroom, outdoor temperature, wind, mechanical ventilation, and air leakage distribution is complex. A better understanding of these relations is crucial for making decisions on the most efficient measure to improve the indoor air quality. In this paper, a model for contaminant infiltration from the crawl space is used together with the Monte Carlo method to study these relations. Simulations are performed for several cases where different building shapes, building orientations, shielding conditions, and geographical locations are simulated. Results show, for example, that for a building with an imbalanced ventilation system, air is leaking from the crawl space to the classroom for the majority of cases and that concentration levels in the classroom are usually the highest during mild and calm days.
Blaaskatheterisatie in historisch perspectief
Authors: Berendsen Sophie A. , Coolen Rosa L. , van Doorn Tess , Blok Bertil F. M.
Published: September 2021

Samenvatting

Dit artikel geeft een overzicht van blaaskatheterisatie in Nederland tussen 1997 en 2018. Voor het maken van het overzicht is gebruikgemaakt van een databank met declaratie-informatie over extramurale hulpmiddelenzorg onder de verzekerde bevolking. Het aantal gebruikers wordt weergegeven per 100.000 personen. Het gebruik van verblijfskatheters is toegenomen van 159 (24.734 gebruikers) in 1997 naar 315 gebruikers per 100.000 personen (54.106 gebruikers) in 2018. Het gebruik van wegwerpkatheters verdrievoudigde van 92 (14.258 gebruikers) in 1997 naar 267 per 100.000 personen (45.909 gebruikers) in 2018. In 2018 had 20,7 % van de gebruikers een neurogeen en 44,9 % een niet-neurogeen onderliggend lijden. De totale kosten stegen van 27,7 naar 84,4 miljoen euro. De kosten voor intermitterende katheterisatie stegen het meest: van 16,4 naar 74,6 miljoen euro. Uit dit onderzoek blijkt dat in de afgelopen 21 jaar het gebruik van verblijfskatheters en wegwerpkatheters substantieel is toegenomen. Mogelijk komt dit door de stijging van incontinentiezorg bij ouderen en dat aan richtlijnen is toegevoegd dat intermitterende katheterisatie de voorkeur heeft boven een verblijfskatheter.
Analyze COVID-19 CT images based on evolutionary algorithm with dynamic searching space
Authors: Gong Yunhong , Sun Yanan , Peng Dezhong , Chen Peng , Yan Zhongtai , Yang Ke
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global alarm. With the advances in artificial intelligence, the COVID-19 testing capabilities have been greatly expanded, and hospital resources are significantly alleviated. Over the past years, computer vision researches have focused on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which can significantly improve image analysis ability. However, CNN architectures are usually manually designed with rich expertise that is scarce in practice. Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) can automatically search for the proper CNN architectures and voluntarily optimize the related hyperparameters. The networks searched by EAs can be used to effectively process COVID-19 computed tomography images without expert knowledge and manual setup. In this paper, we propose a novel EA-based algorithm with a dynamic searching space to design the optimal CNN architectures for diagnosing COVID-19 before the pathogenic test. The experiments are performed on the COVID-CT data set against a series of state-of-the-art CNN models. The experiments demonstrate that the architecture searched by the proposed EA-based algorithm achieves the best performance yet without any preprocessing operations. Furthermore, we found through experimentation that the intensive use of batch normalization may deteriorate the performance. This contrasts with the common sense approach of manually designing CNN architectures and will help the related experts in handcrafting CNN models to achieve the best performance without any preprocessing operations
“Feudal Barons Extracting Tribute”: Narratives of Market Power in the Australian Retail Property Sector during the 1980s
Authors: Bailey Matthew
Published: September 2021

This article analyzes the ways that shopping center tenants deployed narratives to encourage government intervention in the Australian retail property sector during the 1980s. Tenants claimed that landlords were abusing their market power through a range of egregious and exploitative practices. Landlords responded with stories of their own, claiming that amateurish retailers were using isolated cases to make broad generalizations about the industry as a whole. Politicians retold retailers’ stories in Parliament, championed small business enterprise as a driver of economic growth, and produced retail leasing legislation aimed at protecting shopping center tenants. In the process, established conceptions of shopping centers were inverted. In the 1960s and 1970s they were seen as bastions of capitalist enterprise constructed by nation-building visionaries. Through stories, retailers captured the cultural legitimacy of entrepreneurship from their landlords, who were characterized as feudal barons blocking the free operation of markets they controlled. Exploring these developments offers new insights into the relational dynamics of preplanned retail environments, expands our understanding of postwar Australian retail history, and contributes to a growing historiography on the role of narrative in business history.
Reconstructing a minimal topological dynamical system from a set of return times
Authors: BULINSKI KAMIL , FISH ALEXANDER
Published: September 2021

We investigate to what extent a minimal topological dynamical system is uniquely determined by a set of return times to some open set. We show that in many situations, this is indeed the case as long as the closure of this open set has no non-trivial translational symmetries. For instance, we show that under this assumption, two Kronecker systems with the same set of return times must be isomorphic. More generally, we show that if a minimal dynamical system has a set of return times that coincides with a set of return times to some open set in a Kronecker system with translationarily asymmetric closure, then that Kronecker system must be a factor. We also study similar problems involving nilsystems and polynomial return times. We state a number of questions on whether these results extend to other homogeneous spaces and transitive group actions, some of which are already interesting for finite groups.
Increased rates of secondary bacterial infections, including Enterococcus bacteremia, in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: DeVoe Catherine , Segal Mark R. , Wang Lusha , Stanley Kim , Madera Sharline , Fan Joe , Schouest Jonathan , Graham-Ojo Renee , Nichols Amy , Prasad Priya A. , Ghale Rajani , Love Christina , Abe-Jones Yumiko , Kangelaris Kirsten N. , Patterson Sarah L. , Yokoe Deborah S. , Langelier Charles R.
Published: September 2021

Objective:

We compared the rates of hospital-onset secondary bacterial infections in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with rates in patients with influenza and controls, and we investigated reports of increased incidence of Enterococcus infections in patients with COVID-19.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:

An academic quaternary-care hospital in San Francisco, California.

Patients:

Patients admitted between October 1, 2019, and October 1, 2020, with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR (N = 314) or influenza PCR (N = 82) within 2 weeks of admission were compared with inpatients without positive SARS-CoV-2 or influenza tests during the study period (N = 14,332).

Methods:

National Healthcare Safety Network definitions were used to identify infection-related ventilator-associated complications (IVACs), probable ventilator-associated pneumonia (PVAP), bloodstream infections (BSIs), and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). A multiple logistic regression model was used to control for likely confounders.

Results:

COVID-19 patients had significantly higher rates of IVAC and PVAP compared to controls, with adjusted odds ratios of 4.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7–13.9) and 10.4 (95 % CI, 2.1–52.1), respectively. COVID-19 patients had higher incidence of BSI due to Enterococcus but not BSI generally, and whole-genome sequencing of Enterococcus isolates demonstrated that nosocomial transmission did not explain the increased rate. Subanalyses of patients admitted to the intensive care unit and patients who required mechanical ventilation revealed similar findings.

Conclusions:

COVID-19 is associated with an increased risk of IVAC, PVAP, and Enterococcus BSI compared with hospitalized controls, which is not fully explained by factors such as immunosuppressive treatments and duration of mechanical ventilation. The mechanism underlying increased rates of Enterococcus BSI in COVID-19 patients requires further investigation.
Designing vortices in pipe flow with topography-driven Langmuir circulation
Authors: Ellingsen Simen Å. , Akselsen Andreas H. , Chan Leon
Published: September 2021

We present direct numerical simulation of a mechanism for creating longitudinal vortices in pipe flow, compared with a model theory. By furnishing the pipe wall with a pattern of crossing waves, secondary flow in the form of streamwise vortex pairs is created. The mechanism, ‘CL1’, is kinematic and known from oceanography as a driver of Langmuir circulation. CL1 is strongest when the ‘wall wave’ vectors make an acute angle with the axis,

$\varphi =10^{\circ }$

–

$20^{\circ }$

, changes sign near

$45^{\circ }$

and is weak and of opposite sign beyond this angle. A competing, dynamic mechanism driving secondary flow in the opposite sense is also observed, created by the azimuthally varying friction. Whereas at smaller angles ‘CL1’ prevails, the dynamic effect dominates when

$\varphi \gtrsim 45^{\circ }$

, reversing the flow. Curiously, the circulation strength is a faster-than-linearly increasing function of Reynolds number for small

$\varphi$

. We explore an analogy with Prandtl's secondary motion of the second kind in turbulence. A transport equation for average streamwise vorticity is derived, and we analyse it for three different crossing angles,

$\varphi =18.6^{\circ }, 45^{\circ }$

and

$60^{\circ }$

. Mean-vorticity production is organised in a ring-like structure with the two rings contributing to rotating flow in opposite senses. For the larger

$\varphi$

, the inner ring decides the main swirling motion, whereas for

$\varphi =18.6^{\circ }$

, outer-ring production dominates. For the larger angles, the outer ring is mainly driven by advection of vorticity and the inner by deformation (stretching) whereas, for

$\varphi =18.6^{\circ }$

, both contribute approximately equally to production in the outer ring.
Numerical analysis of a 3-D printed porous trailing edge for broadband noise reduction
Authors: Teruna C. , Avallone F. , Ragni D. , Rubio-Carpio A. , Casalino D.
Published: September 2021

Lattice Boltzmann simulations were carried out to investigate the noise mitigation mechanisms of a 3-D printed porous trailing-edge insert, elucidating the link between noise reduction and material permeability. The porous insert is based on a unit cell resembling a lattice of diamond atoms. It replaces the last 20 % chord of a NACA 0018 at zero angle-of-attack. A partially blocked insert is considered by adding a solid partition between 84 % and 96 % of the aerofoil chord. The regular porous insert achieves a substantial noise reduction at low frequencies, although a slight noise increase is found at high frequencies. The partially blocked porous insert exhibits a lower noise reduction level, but the noise emission at mid-to-high frequency is slightly affected. The segment of the porous insert near the tip plays a dominant role in promoting noise mitigation, whereas the solid-porous junction contributes, in addition to the rough surface, towards the high-frequency excess noise. The current study demonstrates the existence of an entrance length associated with the porous material geometry, which is linked to the pressure release process that is responsible for promoting noise mitigation. This process is characterised by the aerodynamic interaction between pressure fluctuations across the porous medium, which is found at locations where the porous insert thickness is less than twice the entrance length. Present results also suggest that the noise attenuation level is related to both the chordwise extent of the porous insert and the streamwise turbulent length scale. The porous inserts also cause a slight drag increase compared to their solid counterpart.
Scale-similar structures of homogeneous isotropic non-mirror-symmetric turbulence based on the Lagrangian closure theory
Authors: Inagaki Kazuhiro
Published: September 2021

We investigate the effect of helicity on the scale-similar structures of homogeneous isotropic and non-mirror-symmetric turbulence based on the Lagrangian renormalised approximation (LRA), which is a self-consistent closure theory proposed by Kaneda (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 107, 1981, pp. 131–145). In this study, we focus on the time scale representing the scale-similar range. For the LRA, the Lagrangian two-time velocity correlation and response function determine the representative time scale. The LRA predicts that both the Lagrangian two-time velocity correlation and response function equation do not explicitly depend on helicity. We assume the extended scale-similar spectra and time scale by considering the helicity dissipation rate. Considering the small-scale structures, the requirements for the energy and helicity fluxes and response function equation to be scale similar, yield the conventional inertial-range power laws and provide the energy and helicity spectra

$\propto k^{-5/3}$

and the time scale

$\propto \varepsilon ^{-1/3} k^{-2/3}$

, where

$\varepsilon$

and

$k$

denote the energy dissipation rate and wavenumber, respectively. Notably, energy flux can be scale similar only when

$k^H /k \ll 1$

, where

$k^H = \varepsilon ^H/\varepsilon$

and

$\varepsilon ^H$

denotes the helicity dissipation rate. This condition makes the energy cascade process in the scale-similar range completely independent of helicity. We also investigate the localness of the interscale interaction in the energy and helicity cascades for the LRA. We demonstrate that the helicity cascade is slightly non-local in scales compared with the energy cascade. This study provides a foundation on the modelling of non-mirror-symmetric turbulent flows.
Large-eddy simulation and streamline coordinate analysis of flow over an axisymmetric hull
Authors: Morse Nicholas , Mahesh Krishnan
Published: September 2021

A new perspective on the analysis of turbulent boundary layers on streamlined bodies is provided by deriving the axisymmetric Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations in an orthogonal coordinate system aligned with streamlines, streamline-normal lines and the plane of symmetry. Wall-resolved large-eddy simulation using an unstructured overset method is performed to study flow about the axisymmetric DARPA SUBOFF hull at a Reynolds number of

$Re_L = 1.1 \times 10^{6}$

based on the hull length and free-stream velocity. The streamline-normal coordinate is naturally normal to the wall at the hull surface and perpendicular to the free-stream velocity far from the body, which is critical for studying bodies with concave streamwise curvature. The momentum equations naturally reduce to the differential form of Bernoulli's equation and the

$s$

–

$n$

Euler equation for curved streamlines outside of the boundary layer. In the curved laminar boundary layer at the front of the hull, the streamline momentum equation represents a balance of the streamwise advection, streamwise pressure gradient and viscous stress, while the streamline-normal equation is a balance between the streamline-normal pressure gradient and centripetal acceleration. In the turbulent boundary layer on the mid-hull, the curvature terms and streamwise pressure gradient are negligible and the results conform to traditional analysis of flat-plate boundary layers. In the thick stern boundary layer, the curvature and streamwise pressure gradient terms reappear to balance the turbulent and viscous stresses. This balance explains the characteristic variation of static pressure observed for thick boundary layers at the tails of axisymmetric bodies.
The Miocene fossil lizards from Kutch (Gujarat), India: a rare window to the past diversity of this subcontinent
Authors: Čerňanský Andrej , Singh Ningthoujam Premjit , Patnaik Rajeev , Sharma K. Milankumar , Tiwari Raghavendra Prasad , Sehgal Ramesh Kumar , Singh Nongmaithem Amardas , Choudhary Deepak
Published: September 2021

The Miocene beds of Kutch in India are well known for their mammalian assemblages, including the extinct apeSivapithecus, but far less is known about the fossil squamates from this area. Although India with its over 800 reptile species is recognized as one of the global biodiversity hotspots, knowledge of past diversity and paleobiogeography of squamates on this subcontinent is very limited. We here report on new lizard finds, which have been recovered from two stratigraphic levels: the older Palasava locality (dated to the middle Miocene, ca. 14 Ma) and the younger Tapar site (late Miocene, ca. 11–10 Ma). Although fragmentarily preserved, the material described here sheds important light on the composition and paleobiogeography of squamates during the Miocene in South Asia. The older Palasava locality contains cf.Uromastyxs.l. andVaranussp., the latter representing the oldest record of this taxon in the region of India south of the Himalayas and its occurrence here suggests a mean annual temperature not less than 15°C. The material from the younger Tapar locality consists of an unidentified acrodontan lizard, here questionably placed in agamids, and a skink. The latter shows a resemblance to mabuyines, however, the fragmentary nature of the material does not allow a precise allocation without doubts. The cosmopolitan mabuyines have been suggested to have their origin in Asia, so the potential presence of mabuyines in the Tapar locality might represent the first, but putative, Asian evidence of the occurrence of this group in the Miocene.
A Transparadox Process of Decision Making
Authors: Pang Dalong , Liu Leigh Anne , Chen Ming-Jer
Published: September 2021

Decision makers inevitably face a variety of tensions when managing strategic change. Research from organization and strategy perspectives, such as paradox and organizational learning, has offered useful but limited insight into the systematic mindset and thinking processes involved in decision making. We draw on theoretical and philosophical foundations of the transparadox perspective and related theories to build a dynamic process cycle of transparadoxical decision making. Three interrelated dimensions make up our model: (1) Transparadox Information Navigation, which includes embracing oppositional tendencies, syncretic focus, and creative transcendence; (2) Transparadox Contextual Consideration, characterized by prudent precision and recognizing the flux of temporality and spatiality; and (3) Transparadox Integration, which comprises design-type integration and exploration-type integration. We then present propositions on the interdependent and reinforcing mechanism among the three dimensions. Our work expands the paradox literature with specific mindset dimensions and constituent elements, connecting paradox research with the cognitive perspective by adding dynamic, cyclical processes to paradox cognition study.