bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The incomplete kawasaki disease in child three moths old with formation of aneurysms of coronary and peripheral arteries
Authors: Kamaltynova Elena M. , Tukhvatulina D. R , Rovitskaya V. A , Belonogova E. G , Karbainova E. A , Saushkin V. V , Kondratyeva T. P
Published: September 2020

The Kawasaki disease is a systemic vasculitis of unclear etiology extremely rare occurring in children of the first three months of life. The disease often takes course in incomplete and atypical form and brings high risk of development of such cardio-vascular diseases as aneurysms of coronary and peripheral arteries. The disease progresses in acute form with fever, catarrhal manifestations and results in convalescence and hence it is very often considered as infection pathology. Nowadays, there is no specific diagnostic tests permitting verifying the disease. The article presents clinical case of Kawasaki disease in child of three months age who was not diagnosed timely. As result, up to nine months in boy aneurysms of coronary and axillary arteries were developed. This observation emphasizes complexity of diagnostic of Kawasaki disease in children of early age, absence of diagnostic criteria and high risk of development of aneurysms of arteries under incomplete and/or atypical forms, especially in children prior to age of three months.
The causes of development of pulmonary hypertension under obesity
Authors: Pshennova Veronika S. , Aleksandrov O. V
Published: September 2020

The article presents the results of study demonstrating that though evident symptoms of pulmonary hypertension were absent (maximal systolic tension was within standards both in males and females of main group) reliable increasing of blood pressure in pulmonary artery in comparison with control group under increasing of body mass index, waist volume and index waist/hips. At that, in males of main group under obesity degree I and II average blood pressure exceeded limits of standards.
The mode of treatment of cervical pregnancy
Authors: Dobrokhotova Yu. E , Kapranov S. A , Grishin Igor’ I.
Published: September 2020

The article demonstrates that the mode of treatment of cervical pregnancy consists on one hand in application of super-selective embolization of uterine arteries by means of intra-arterial introduction of micro-spheres Embosphere® with dimensions 700-900 mkm and micro-spheres HepaSphereTM with dimensions 150-200 mkm and 25 mg of methotrexate. On the other hand, it provides vacuum aspiration of fetal ovum. The mentioned operations result in stoppage of blood flow in branches of uterine arteries blood supplying cervix wall.
The interchangeability of vaccines against viral hepatitis b for immunization of adults
Authors: Khotova Tatyana Yu. , Snegireva I. I , Darmostukova M. A , Zatolochina K. E , Ozeretskovskiy N. A , Shalunova N. V , Romanov B. K
Published: September 2020

The article summarizes the WHO materials, regulations of normative documents, scientific publications’ data from certain foreign countries and Russia concerning interchangeability of vaccines against viral hepatitis B for immunization of adult population. The implemented analysis of data of foreign and Russian studies demonstrated compatibility of vaccine against viral hepatitis B from different manufacturers by parameters of immunological, preventive and epidemiological effectiveness that permits assuming possibility of their equivalent substitute.
The metabolic syndrome as factor of additional cardio vascular risk under ischemic heart disease
Authors: Dontsov Aleksandr V.
Published: September 2020

The sampling of 331 patients with ischemic heart disease was included in the study to evaluate biochemical, immunologic indicators of blood, affective condition. The analysis of blood serum of patients with ischemic heart disease revealed presence of increased levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin, insulin, HOMA-IR index, total oxidizing ability of blood, oxidized low-density lipoproteins, proinflammatory cytokines interleukins-1, interleukins-6, tumor necrosis factor, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, cortisol, lowered content of total cholesterol high-density lipoproteins, total antioxidant activity of blood, superoxiddismutase. Also, increased level of depression was established, especially expressed in case of presence of concomitant metabolic syndrome.
The national manufacturers of the Republic of Kazakhstan in resolving problems of production of anti-tuberculosis pharmaceuticals
Authors: Sataeva Larisa G. , Kelimkhanova S. E , Garankina R. Yu
Published: September 2020

The article presents the possibilities of national manufacturers of pharmaceuticals to provide with medicines patients with tuberculosis in the Republic of Kazakhstan
The surgery correction of presbyopia: the modern possibilities
Authors: Pershin Kirill B.
Published: September 2020

The article presents review of actual publications' data concerning surgical correction of presbyopia. The data is presented related to social significance of presbyopia alongside with other disorders of refraction. The techniques applying monovision include thermokeratoplasty and such its modification as laser and radio-frequency thermokeratoplasty. All of them have number of deficiencies. The exdmer-laser ablation of cornea in the form of Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) or Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) are considered as kerato-refractional techniques of correction of presbyopia. The femtosecond laser intrastromal correction of presbyopia (INTRACOR) is also labeled as kerato-refractional technique of correction of presbyopia and it is based on making intrastromal concentric rings in the central optical zone of cornea. The deficiency of INTRACOR is a relatively high cost of procedure due to application of femtosecond laser. The implantation of inlays (artificial devices) into cornea permits correcting presbyopia with less financial expenses. However, there are number of contraindications for implementing. The Tornton and Schachar operations are referred to the group of sclerotic operations of correcting presbyopia. However, nowadays these interventions are practically out of application. The implantation of intraocular lenses, including accommodating, multi-focal and monofocal by the principle of monovision ones, can be considered as the most adequate mode of correction of presbyopia. The advantages and disadvantages of implantation of various types of intraocular lenses are considered in detail.
Chronic kidney disease: pathophysiological role of dysbiosis of intestine and renoprotective effectiveness of interventions concerning its modulation
Authors: Aytbaev K. A , Murkamilov I. T , Kaliev R. R
Published: September 2020

The review presents data concerning disorders of quantitative and qualitative content of intestinal microbiota in patients with chronic kidney disease. The causes enhancing development of intestinal dysbiosis and sub-clinical inflammation under chronic disease of kidneys are considered. The results of preliminary studies concerning investigation of particular approaches to therapy of chronic kidney disease directed to restoring of intestinal symbiosis and neutralization of bacterial endotoxins and adsorption of uremic toxins of intestinal origin are presented.
The development of system of professional information about pharmaceuticals: Quo vadis?
Authors: Alyautdin Renad N. , Romanov B. K
Published: September 2020

The modern technologies provide broad possibilities for acquiring information about pharmaceuticals. However, reliability of this data has no guarantee. The document about pharmaceutical developed by manufacturer and regulatory authorities is taken very often for the source of official information. The quality of content of these documents is criticized by professional community. In the European Union it is taken for trusting the short characteristic of product (SmPC) that is an official source of information about pharmaceutical. The review presents sections of SmPC criticized more often.
The impact of oxidative stress on state of insulin secretion and insulin-binding activity of blood cells under diabetes mellitus and its complications in children
Authors: Mikaelyan Nina P. , Gurina A. E , Smirnov V. V , Mikaelyan A. V , Terentyev A. A
Published: September 2020

The study of condition of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in 137 children and adolescents suffering of diabetes mellitus type I demonstrated progressing decrease of residual insulin secretion and insulin-binding activity of lymphocytes and erythrocytes against the background of metabolic disorders. This is the risk factor for severe course of disease with fast development of diabetic complications. The persistent disorder of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, higher level of overoxidation of lipids with disorder of activity of enzymes of antioxidant defense and reliable decreasing of insulin-binding activity of blood cells testify presence of oxidative stress in children. The metabolic disorders, presence of residual insulin secretion and oxidative stress are to be taking into account for prevention of deterioration of condition of patient with progressing course of disease. These processes determine application of adequate dosages of insulin and necessity of application of effective remedies with antioxidant activity.
The characteristics of magnesium homeostasis and remodeling of heart in patients with ischemia of myocardium against the background of non-differentiated dysplasia of connective tissue
Authors: Miroshnichenko Elizaveta P. , Ushakov A. V
Published: September 2020

The study was carried out to evaluate dynamics of level of magnesium of blood serum and structural functional parameters of heart in patients with acute myocardium infarction developed against the background of non-differentiated dysplasia of connective tissue. The study included 90 patients with myocardium infarction with Q wave and with and without nondifferentiated dysplasia of connective tissue. The control group consisted of healthy persons and comparison group included patients with non-differentiated dysplasia of connective tissue without cardiovascular pathology. The clinical and phenotype examination including echocardiography testing of heart, detection of level of magnesium in blood serum in dynamics of myocardium infarction course were implemented. In patients with myocardium infarction, independently of occurrence of non-differentiated dysplasia of connective tissue during the first day of study decreasing of level of magnesium in blood serum was observed. In the group of patients with myocardium infarction, and non-differentiated dysplasia of connective tissue, up to twenty-eighth day, reliable decreasing of magnesium occurred as compared with control group and comparison group. In group of patients with myocardium infarction and non-differentiated dysplasia of connective tissue expressed increase of size of cavity of left ventricle was established including decreasing of its pumping function in combination with tendency to less expressed increasing of index of myocardium mass of left ventricle as compared with patients with myocardium infarction and without non-differentiated dysplasia of connective tissue. In patients with myocardium infarction occurring against the background of non-differentiated dysplasia of connective tissue hypomagnesemia is associated with development of desadaptive alternative of post-infarction remodeling of heart characterized by prevalence of processes of dilatation of cavity of left ventricle with decreasing of contractive capacity over processes of hypertrophy of myocardium.
The risk of infection transfer during blood transfusion
Authors: Polunina N. V , Gubanova M. N , Zhiburt Evgeniy B.
Published: September 2020

The article presents the results of studying techniques of evaluation of risk of transmission of viral infection under blood transfusion. The linguistic search was carried out in libraries of Russia and the USA concerning such notions as "risk", "infection" and "blood transfusion". It was established that estimate of risk of transmission of infection from donor to recipient is optimal in case of application of pre-valence, incidence and duration of "window period" of hemo-transmissible infections. These indices are to be included into system of examination and infection control of population and blood donors.
The progress in study of results of treatment and prevention of comissures of knee joint
Authors: Skoroglyadov Alexsandr V. , Haixiao U. , Chao Zhang - , Kochiay E. , Germanov A. V
Published: September 2020

The commissures of knee joint develop after operation or knee trauma at the expense of abnormal proliferation of fibrous tissue provoking limitation of amplitude of motion, arthralgia and joint stiffness. So far, pathogenesis of commissure of knee joint remains unclear. however, there is information that after operation increased secretion of fibroblasts accelerates deposit of extracellular matrix as main mechanism of development of commissures. The application of innovative medical technologies to operate knee joint ameliorated outcomes of treatment and quality of life of patients. However, after surgical operations some patients experience painful sensations and limitation of amplitude of motion of knee joint. The study was targeted to ameliorating of prognosis of operative interventions by means of investigation of pathogenesis of commissure process and possible modes of its prevention.
The effectiveness of reperfusion therapy of myocardium infarction under different organization of functioning of roentgen-endovascular service: five-year observation
Authors: Gazaryan Georgiy A. , Zakharov I. V , Ermolov A. S
Published: September 2020

The study was carried out to implement comparative estimate of effectiveness of reperfusion therapy of myocardium infarction with elevation of segment ST under various organization of functioning of Z-Ray endovascular service in conditions of single clinic. The study included all patients with frontal myocardium infarction with elevation of segment ST (n=997) applied during two periods: 2003-2007 (n=446) and 2008-2011 (n=551). In period I, service was represented by department of x-Ray endovascular diagnostic and treatment of ischemic heart disease in the department of emergency cardiology. In mode of 8 hours’ workday 155 (34%) various types of x-Ray endovascular coronary interventions were implemented. At that, predominantly postponed (after 24-72 hours after inception of myocardium infarction) and at initially increased risk of death. In period II, service was represented by x-Ray surgery department of large profile functioning in twenty-four-hours mode. In these conditions, 400 (72%) x-Ray endovascular coronary interventions were implemented. The comparison group comprised patients with myocardium infarction and without x-Ray endovascular coronary intervention (n=442). The received data testifies advantage of x-Ray endovascular coronary service organized at the basis of emergency cardiology. It became model for successful application of x-Ray endovascular coronary interventions, development of new reperfusion, optimization of treatment process. The success of x-Ray endovascular coronary interventions under myocardium infarction with elevation of segment ST determines by combined characteristics of reperfusion by way of accelerated evolution of indices of ECG directly following restoration of blood flow in infarction-related artery. The conserved elevation of of segment ST is associated with worse prognosis. The angiography evaluation is subjective and it cannot reflect achievement of myocardial reperfusion. At the same time, at restoration of blood flow in infarction-related artery without convincing signs of reperfusion the prognosis is better than in case of conservative treatment.
The infusion therapy in surgical patients with regard to monitoring of stroke volume and cardiac output
Authors: Manevskiy A. A , Sviridov Sergey V.
Published: September 2020

The infusion therapy is the most important element of complex treatment of surgical patients at the stage of preparation to operation and narcosis directly during operation and also in post-operational period. Number of clinical situations dictates necessity of implementation of massive infusion therapy for urgent replacement of volume of circulating blood. In these cases, is extremely important comparison of velocity and volume of introduction of infusion mediums with capacity of human cardiovascular system adequately receive infusion load. This is an important clinical problem especially because of increasing in the structure of surgical patients of elder age and persons suffering with cardiovascular diseases. The article considers actual approaches to monitoring of stroke volume and cardiac output during infusion therapy in surgical patients under out-cardiosurgery operations.
Short hystory of the study of paraneopastic neurological syndrome
Authors: Shnayder Natalya A. , Dykhno Yu. A
Published: September 2020

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) can be defined as remote effects of cancer that are neither caused by the tumor and its metastases, nor by infection, ischemia or metabolic disturbances. The authors presented the lecture highlighting the actuality of the problem and definition of PNS, main part of the article is devoted to the history of the study of PNS in the our country and abroad.
Modern possibilities of individualization of drug therapy for breast cancer
Authors: Perevodchikova N. I , Stenina Marina B.
Published: September 2020

N the article there are considered outputs of the 14th St Gallen International Breast Cancer Conference 2015, on the possibilities of improving the management of early breast cancer (BC) as well as the last most important results of clinical trials with antitumor drugs in advanced BC.
Multiparameter study of the immunophenotype of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, in cancer patients
Authors: Zabotina Tat’yana N. , Korotkova O. V , Borunova A. A , Tabakov D. V , Bokin I. I , Panichenko I. V , Savostikova M. V , Samoylenko I. V , Tsiklauri V. T , Khakimova Sh. G , Kadagidze Z. G
Published: September 2020

For the first time in Russia the immunophenotype of tumor infiltrated lymphocytes (TIL) was investigated with the use of a method of quantitative flow cytometry. Samples from 104 patients, suffering from solid tumors (such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, melanoma and oral cavity squamous carcinoma), were analyzed in this investigation. In the difference of cytomorphological analysis, the method of flow cytometry identified TIL in 100% of cases. In the structure of CDS+Т- lymphocytes the ratio CD4/CD8 was equal to 1,1±0,1. Serial gating strategy allowed to assess minor subpopulations of regulatory T-lymphocytes CD45+CD4+CD127+low/neg and CD45+CD8+CD28-CD11b-. Regulatory mechanisms with involvement of CD8 T-cells played the main role in the generation of immune responses at the tissue level ofpatients, suffering from solid tumors, independent of nosological form of disease.
Immunological microenvironment in the clinical outcome of some solid tumors
Authors: Manikhas G. M , Kutukova Svetlana I. , Beliak N. P , Raskin G. A , Yaremenko A. I , Ivaskova Yu. V , Ermakova T. S , Bozhor S. S
Published: September 2020

In our clinical research we studied levels of neutrophils, eosinophils and CD8 T-lymphocytes in stroma and microenvironment of the gastric and colorectal adenocarcinomas, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (33 patients: 15 with adenocarcinoma and 18 - with head and neck carcinoma). In gastric or colorectal adenocarcinoma expression of neutrophils directly correlates with regional lymph nodes involving, expression of CD8 has inversely correlation with differentiation of the tumor. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma neutrophils expression inversely correlates with keratinization, CD8 expression has inversely correlation with the size of primary tumor and stage, and has direct correlation with keratinization. This study allows to draw a conclusion about heterogeneity of solid tumors depending on immunology of microenvironment, moreover squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck is more “immunocompetent” structure. Correlation analysis revealed prognostic and predictive value of immunological microenvironment, because showed impact of expression of CD8, neutrophils and eosinophils on clinical outcome of gastric and colorectal adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck.
Stabilization of the disease as an important factor in the evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment and prognosis of survival for cancer patients
Authors: Bychkov Mark B. , Bagrova S. G , Karpenko T. D
Published: September 2020

Currently, the effectiveness of treatment is assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria. The stabilization of the disease is the one of the results of the treatment. This term means a slight growth or regression of the tumor without the appearance of new lesions, when it is impossible to assign these changes neither to the progression of the disease nor to partial regression, but in any case stabilization of disease is evaluated as ineffective treatment. But the stabilization of the disease often leads to the improvement of the quality of life, slowdown in the growth of the tumor and metastasis and thereby to the win in terms of life expectancy. The purpose of the study. A study of the concept of ‘stabilization of the disease ’ as a criterion that determines the control of tumor growth. Methods. There was performed an analysis of various scientific works on the study of the efficiency of the treatment of solid tumors: ovarian cancer, small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colon cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer. Conclusion. Stabilization of the disease is an important criterion for the evaluation of the antitumor treatment in patients and has the important prognostic value.
Neuroendocrine tumors of stomach. Modern classification
Authors: Peregorodiev Ivan N. , Bokhian V. Y , Delektorskaya V. V , Stilidi I. S
Published: September 2020

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the stomach include a wide range of neoplasm with different variants of the disease, various approaches to the treatment and different prognosis. The incidence is quite low - NETs of stomach accounted for only 9% of all gastrointestinal (GI) NETs and 0,3% of all tumors of stomach. Gastric NETs have significantly different biological and clinical characteristics from other carcinoids developing from “foregut”. The distinctive features of these tumors attract the attention of many scientists. Modern methods of instrumental diagnostics, as well as histological, immunohistochemical and molecular genetic, make it possible to assess malignant potential of the tumor and individualize treatment in every case. In this article we have tried to bring the information about NET with high and poor differentiation, which include small and large cell types together.
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes: biological essence and clinical significance in breast cancer
Authors: Stenina Marina B. , Tsareva E. V , Zharov A. A , Tyulyandin S. A
Published: September 2020

In the review there are described the key stages of the development of anti-tumor immune response, as well there are presented the modern data on biological and clinical significance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer; there is considered the method ofpathologic assessment of the pronouncement of lymphoid infiltration of the tumor; the results of clinical studies of prognostic and predictive role of immune markers including tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were analyzed.
Multidisciplinary approach to introducing new technologies and reconstructive surgeries in diagnosis and treatment of neoplastic diseases of the female reproductive organs
Authors: Cherenkov Vyacheslav G. , Petrov A. B , Strogenkov M. M , Chistjakova T. V , Tverezovskiy S. A , Ivanchenko O. G
Published: September 2020

Multidisciplinary approach that comprises the passing the examination in the exam room with the Pap test, questionnaires, ultrasound or digital mammography screening (MS) according to the age is a promising way of solving the problems with the visual localization of cancer, in particular with the reproductive organs. A minimally invasive removal technology that helped to determine the nature of tumor pathologies and remove those potentially dangerous hotbeds at the same time, was an important component of this secondary prevention system. Organ preserving and reconstructive surgeries (to our knowledge to 38,8% of patients with breast cancer and 95% of patients with vulvar cancer and vulvar dysplasia) have a positive effect not only on women’s life quality, but also become a good motivation for regular women’s screening in the region. Nothing is more convincing than the vivid example and “word of mouth”. A multidisciplinary approach to solving problem with the help of different specialists helped to reduce mortality rates for breast cancer by 30,03 ± 2,1% compared with 2009 (after the introduction of reconstructive surgery) and vulvar cancer by 83,3 ± 5,7% in comparison with 2005 (after the introduction of reconstructive surgery) at the continuing trend of increasing incidence rate. Cytological screening for dysplasia and early forms of cervical cancer needs a serious adjustment in accordance with the WHO recommendations and per capita accounting used in Russia.
Association between XRCC1 ARG399GLN, TP53 ARG72PRO and MDM2 T309G polymorphisms and the risk of breast cancer in women of the Kyrgyz population
Authors: Isakova Jainagul T. , Talaibekova E. T , Makieva K. B , Asambaeva D. A , Sultangazieva B. B , Aldashev A. A
Published: September 2020

Aim. To study an association between Arg399Gln of XRCC1 gene, Arg72Pro of TP53 gene and T309G of MDM2 gene polymorphisms and breast cancer (BC) rate in women of the Kyrgyz population Material and Methods. Genomic DNA was obtainedfrom the whole blood of 117 breast cancer patients and 102 cancer-free healthy women residing in the Kyrgyz Republic. XRCC1 (Arg399Gln), TP53(Arg72Pro) and MDM2 (T309G) genotyping was carried out by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay. Results. Women with the 399Gln allele had 1,57 fold higher risk (OR=1,57; p=0,034) of developing breast cancer than cases without these alleles. Individuals carrying the heterozygous genotype Arg399Gln had 2,77 fold higher risk (OR=2,77; p=0,0010) of BC. Notably, haplotype analyses revealed a stronger association with breast cancer risk if compare with data of the genotype analysis at each locus alone. The combination of heterozygous XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) variant and TP53 (Arg72Pro) genes increased even more the risk of BC (OR=3,98; p=0,0059). The combination of Arg399Gln and T309G genotypes of - XRCC1 and MDM2 genes is significant association with risk of BC (OR=3,0; p=0,034). We showed the combinations of Arg399Gln, Arg72Pro and T309Ggenotypes of-XRCC1, TP53 andMDM2 genes is related to the strong association with risk of BC in Kyrgyz women (OR=6,40; p=0,025). Conclusion. The polymorphisms Arg399Gln of XRCC1 gene, Arg72Pro of TP53 gene and T309G of MDM2 gene are associated with an increased risk of BC in Kyrgyz females. Combinations of unfavorable genotypes of several candidate genes increase even more the risk of BC.
Acute stroke in pituitary adenomas complicated by pituitary apoplexy
Authors: Azizov Miralim M.
Published: September 2020

Pituitary apoplexy is a clinical syndrome that is manifested by headache, visual disturbances, ophthalmoplegia or impaired consciousness. It can develop as a result of necrosis or hemorrhage in the pituitary gland or in cases of pituitary tumors. A favorable prognosis is possible if early diagnosis and timely surgical treatment. Pituitary apoplexy complicated by the disorder of the cerebral circulation occurs relatively rare. We observed the female patient aged of 51 year with pituitary adenoma, clinical signs of which were sudden depression of consciousness, right hemiparesis and left-sided ptosis. Signs of pituitary apoplexy were revealed after performed examinations. The sharp increase in the size of the tumor resulted in a compression of supraclinoid portion of the left internal carotid artery, which was the cause of ischemic brain damage in the pool left middle cerebral artery. After 2 weeks of conservative treatment, the patient was undergone to the surgery via transsphenoidal access. Histological examination confirmed the hemorrhage and necrosis of the pituitary adenoma. Complication developed 3 months after surgery partially regressed. Taking into account the relatively rare occurrence of pituitary apoplexy complicated with cerebrovascular ischemic type, clinicians should be alert to this complication. The method of choice is transsphenoidal delayed adenomectomy with conservative therapy.
Tobacco addiction and economic efficiency of treating tobacco addiction in patients of the Krasnoyarsk regional oncological dispensary
Authors: Kutumova Olga Yu. , Kononova L. I , Shulmin A. V , Dobretsova E. A , Korotkova K. M , Rossieva T. V
Published: September 2020

Smoking tobacco was proved to be the one of the most critical risk factors contributing to the development of malignant neoplasm in the respiratory system. In 2015, lung cancer morbidity rate and the threat in the Krasnoyarsk Region were 1,3 times higher for men and 1,5 times higher for women in comparison to standardized figures per hundred thousand of population in Russia. The economic expenditures associated with diagnostics and treatment of such patients are enormous. That is why the significance of studies in this area is beyond doubt. The goals of this work is the study of the prevalence rate as well as duration and frequency of smoking among patients of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Oncologic Dispensary, calculation of relative and population attributable risks of oncological diseases development and estimation of the economic expenditures associated with smoking in the studied group. Data were collected by using of the questionnaire survey method. 389 patients of the oncologic dispensary were questioned. The data obtained were processed statistically. Relative and population attributable risks were calculated with the help of the corresponding formulas. Data analysis shows that the half (49.9%) ofpatients of the oncologic dispensary have either never smoked, 30% do not smoke now but used to smoke in the past and 20.1% continue smoking. Patients dispensary (65.9% in men and 87.7% - in women). About the half of the patients (41.6%) smoke 11-20 cigarettes a day. Calculations of the population attributable risks show that smoking is the cause of 21.3% of oncological disease incidences, of which lung cancer accounts for 73.7%. The total expenses for health system connected with smoking in oncological diseases in a year made 140 million 527 thousand rubles. These are the expenses that would not have been incurred if there were no impact of the risk factor.
State of oncological care for the rural population of the Tomsk region
Authors: Pikalova Lidiya V. , Ananina O. A , Zhuikova L. D , Odintsova I. N , Kudyakov L. A
Published: September 2020

There was shown the urgency of the study of the problem of malignant tumors (MT) in the Tomsk region. There was performed an analysis of the major cancer oncoepidemiological indices (morbidity rate, mortality rate, neglect, one-year mortality rate), characterizing the state of the organization of anti-cancer activities among the urban and rural population. Indices of the state of cancer care in the districts of the region are worse than in cities. Neglect (p = 0.004) and one-year mortality rate (p = 0.0003), including as a result of MT of exterior locations, in the rural population are higher than that of the urban population. There was evaluated the the activitiy offeldsher-midwife stations (FMS) and examination rooms of district hospitals of the region in terms of organization of measures for the early detection ofMT of visual locations in the rural population. Most of them (221,523 people) of the rural population is assigned to the examination room of district hospitals, to FMS there are attached 82 877people of the adult population. In FMS with the aim of detection of cancer pathology there was examined only 10.8% of the population attached. Coverage of men by preventive examinations amounted to 9% (29.2% were to be inspected), women - 13% (50% were to be inspected). During the year, the FMS specialists identified 571 disease, out of which 70% - chronic processes, 24% - precancerous lesions and 6% - MT. Coverage ofpreventive check-ups of the female population was 35.5%, of males - 8.5%. In total in examination rooms there were identified 12,624 cases of the disease (19.6% of examined cases), out of them chronic diseases - 71.7%, precancerous states - 27.1%, MT - 1.1%. In order to optimize the early detection ofMT of visual localizations in the rural population of the Tomsk region there was suggested to perform a complex of measures
Modern approaches to the treatment of gastric neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Peregorodiev Ivan N. , Bokhian V. Y , Stilidi I. S , Delektorskaya V. V
Published: September 2020

Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs) include a wide range of tumors with different variants of the course of the disease. At the one end of the clinical spectrum there are highly differentiated type I GI-NETs, with five-year survival rate over 95%, at the another end there are low-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (large-, smallcell cancers) representing a tumor with extremely poor prognosis. Therapeutic approaches to different types of tumors are different. It is necessary to distinguish the treatment of well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms (I and II clinical-morphological type) and low-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas. At the same time, it should be noted how different is the treatment of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors with high proliferative activity index (III clinico-morphological type of tumor) and low-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (large-, small-cell cancers).
Female reproductive system tumors with Merkel cell phenotype
Authors: Nikogosyan Seda O. , Tagibova T. Sh , Kuznetsov V. V , Anurova O. A
Published: September 2020

Diagnostics and treatment of female reproductive system tumors with Merkel cell phenotype, rare aggressive tumors with dismal prognosis, is under consideration in this article. Only 20 cases of Merkel cell vulvar carcinoma and 1 case of Merkel cell vagina cancer were described in the literature. Diagnostics must include immunohistochemical analysis, as expression of cytokeratine 20 proves to be the most typical factor. Polyomavirus infection is believed to be associated with the disease pathogenesis. No treatment standards were accepted due to the rarity of the disease. Considering the data on tumor radiosensitivity, the treatment must include radio- or chemoradiotherapy.
Results of X-ray endovascular hemostasis in the treatment of malignant neoplasms of the colon and rectum, complicated by bleeding
Authors: Shelekhov Alexey V. , Dvornichenko V. V , Munkuev A. V , Rasulov R. I , Radostev S. I , Novopashin A. Yu , Minakin N. I , Moskovskikh D. V
Published: September 2020

There are present near results of X - ray endovascular hemostasis in patients suffering from malignant neoplasm of rectosigmoid colon and rectum complicated by bleeding. Patients were divided into basic group (n=16) where the X - ray-endovascular hemostasis was performed and control group (17 patients) where the conservative methods of hemostasis were used. For angiography there was used X-raysurgical complex “GE INNOVA 4100” (General Electric, USA) and ”SHIMADZU” (Shimadzu Corporation, Japan). After preformed hemostasis, the patients of the control and basic groups for rectal cancer were undergone to preoperative radiotherapy, then radical surgery, for rectosigmoid cancer - surgical treatment. The quantity, volume of donor blood products in the treatment ofpatients of the control group were used in a significantly greater extent (p
The features of the course of the disease in patients with primary metastatic lymph nodes of the neck
Authors: Kulikov E. P , Zakharkina Tatyana V. , Ryazantsev M. E , Zaytsev M. B , Sashina E. L
Published: September 2020

In this report there are presented two clinical cases, describing the heterogeneity of the course of the disease in patients with primary metastatic lymph nodes of the neck. The clinical picture of these patients was shown to be atypical and requires not only a detailed search of initial focus at the first visit of the patient, but also a more careful examination in the course of future follow-up observation.
Small cell carcinoma of the ovary of hypercalcemic type: a case report
Authors: Ashrafyan L. A , Panshin G. A , Bychkov Yu. M , Babaeva N. A , Bolshakova Svetlana A.
Published: September 2020

The small cell carcinoma of the ovary is a rare tumor with the very modest prognosis. It usually occurs in young women and in two-thirds of cases is associated with hypercalcemia. The treatment combines surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Case Presentation. We report a case of small cell carcinoma of the ovary hypercalcemic type in a young Russian woman of 33 years in whom the first manifestations were abdominal pain syndrome. A laparotomy was performed by radical surgery. There were performed 4 courses of chemotherapy, and then conventionally radical operation was executed. Histologically, the diagnosis was confirmed. There was performed palliative chemotherapy, the patient’s death occurred within 10 months after making of the diagnosis. Conclusion. Hypercalcemic type of ovarian cancer is a rare, aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis.
Role of androgen receptors in various molecular subtypes of breast cancer
Authors: Ryabchikov Denis A. , Vorotnikov I. K , Chkhikvadze N. V , Titov K. S , Krasnorutskiy A. V
Published: September 2020

The article presents a literature review on the determination of androgen receptors in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. The review considers the role of androgen receptors in the study of the prognosis of the disease and the search for additional approaches to the treatment of breast cancer especially for basal like subtypes.
Clinical case of palliative antegrade surgical treatment of cancer of the major duodenal papilla
Authors: Vinnik Yury S. , Serova E. V , Chernykh D. A , Kovalev A. V , Stratovich D. V , Prusov I. A
Published: September 2020

In the structure of malignant tumors, accompanied by obstructive jaundice, there are most occurred such as the lesion of the pancreas (47%), bile duct cancer (20%) also papillary carcinoma (MDP) and gall bladder cancer (about 15%). In the case of inoperable tumor, in elderly and senile patients with severe concomitant somatic pathology, there are indicated palliative interventions as follows: percutaneous transhepatic external or external-internal drainage of the biliary tract with possible subsequent percutaneous transhepatic stenting of the common bile duct. Under our observation there was a patient of 75 years with verified major duodenal papilla cancer, complicated by obstructive jaundice, to whom as the first step there was performed percutaneous transhepatic external-internal drainage of the biliary tract, and as the second one - percutaneous transhepatic stenting of the common bile duct.
Results of transarterial chemoembolization on rats with grafted hepatocellular cancer of liver
Authors: Treshalina Helena M. , Yakunina M. N , Fadeev A. Yu , Smirnova G. B , Borisova Ju. A , Kalishyan M. S , Dolgushin B. I , Virshke E. R , Kosirev V. Yu
Published: September 2020

Modeling of a transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is carried out on rats (n = 6) with hepatocellular cancer of liver RS1 (Vcp = 4.5 cm3) which has developed in muscles of the leg (i.m.). Sensitivity of a tumor to the single introduction of substance of doxorubicine (sDOX) in maximum tolerated doses (MTD) of 5-12 mg/kg with the achievement of significantly tumor growth inhibition on 55-77% (p = 0.001) is previously shown. TACE is executed with the elastic polyvinyl alcohol microspheres in size of 0.2 mm in diameter loaded with doxorubicine (MS/sDOX) with the release within 7 days. MS/sDOX in the volume of 0.034-0.1 ml (a cumulative dose of sDOX of 3.3-10.5 mg/kg) was introduced into a femoral artery (i/a) with a diameter of 0.16 mm under control of an embolization (MS or arterial ligature) and chemotherapy (sDOX). TACE gave rise in the cytoreductive effect of the tumor nodule by 67% (T/C = 33%, p = 0.0004) with the single regression and the development of the grade 1 therapeutical pathomorphosis (TP). The therapeutic gain of MC/sDOX manifested in coupled with the cytoreduction the decline of the tumor growth rate («т» = 11-16 against 1.9-2.0 days in the control group) and at the equal inhibiting action with sDOX dose reduced by 20% against MTD. Side effects of TACE (a necrosis of soft tissues, 7th-16th days) were not associated with the full stagnation of a regional blood flow due to the discrepancy of MS to diameter of the artery. The whole of the revealed effects has allowed to consider the modeling of i/m tumor on rats to be suitable for the screening of the specific activity of agents clients for TACE. The preclinical study of the method is rational to execute on the corresponding model on large animals with regional artery of the sufficient cross section of the vessel permitting to perform TACE satisfactory.
Evaluation of the internalization of AFP-containing noncovalent complexes AIMPILA in the rat model of the isolated segment of rat small intestine
Authors: Andronova N. B , Tcherkassova J. R , Tsurkan S. A , Smirnova G. B , Treshalina Helena M.
Published: September 2020

Research is devoted to the study of the ability of the labeled complex «AIMPILA-ACRIDIN» and the test compound «AFP-ACRIDIN» in concentration of 1.0 mkg/ml to internalize in a small intestine. For this purpose there was used the modified technique of the isolated inverted small intestinal sac method in rats with the aid of by ourselves delivered technique with the use of a conjugate of the studied complex with luminescent ACRIDIN in the incubatory environment. The nonspecific luminescence of the incubatory environment without label was shown to be extremely low: the level of a luminescence of 30-39 RLU is the minimum basic signal and can t significantly influence on results of testing. The starting level of a luminescence in the incubatory environment after supplementation of conjugates of AIMPILA-ACRIDIN or AFP-ACRIDIN is rather high and accounts of 1073714 RLU and 1602017, respectively. In a gleam of the «inverted» pieces of a small intestine the level of a luminescence accounted of 548 and 997 RLU and 425-829 RLU. The obtained data allow to consider the complex AIMPILA in rather low concentration is capable to absorb in a small intestine of rat over the physiologically adequate time that similar to AFP labeled by ACRIDIN.
THE HISTORY OF PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY IN THE USSR-RUSSIA: THE 40TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE INSTITUTE OF PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY AND HEMATOLOGY OF THE N.N. BLOKHIN RUSSIAN CANCER RESEARCH CENTER AND THE 20TH ANNIVERSARY OF PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY
Authors: Rykov M. Yu. , Polyakov V. G
Published: September 2020

The article describes the history of the selection of pediatric oncology as a separate specialty, the organization of first oncological departments and the creation of the first in the USSR Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology. There is described the role of academician L.A. Durnov as the founder of oncopediatrics in the national health care
THE ROLE OF GENES RAD50 AND SMARCA5 IN REGULATION OF SENSITIVITY TO CISPLATIN IN TUMOR CELLS OF OVARIAN, HEAD AND NECK CANCER
Authors: Gaponova A. V , Serebriiskii I. G , Kiyamova R. G
Published: September 2020

Aim of the study. To assess the role of genes RAD50 and SMARCA5 in regulation of sensitivity to cisplatin and other anticancer DNA damaging drugs (5-fluorouracil, olaparib), to assess the role of these genes in the response to the DNA damage in ovarian cancer (OVCAR-8) and head and neck cancer cell lines (SCC61, SCC25). Material and Methods. We used small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) (Qiagen,Germany) to deplete either RAD50 and SMARCA5 or control genes and under basal and DNA damaging drug-treatment conditions, we assessed cell viability with the use of Cell Titer Blue reagent (Promega,USA) with following spectrophotometry. To assess the role of genes in response to DNA damage, analysis of phospho-H2AX focus formation was performed by means of using immunofluorescence microscopy. Results. We demonstrated the role of RAD50 and SMARCA5 in regulation of survival and sensitivity of ovarian cancer (OVCAR-8), head and neck cancer cell lines (SCC61, SCC25) to cisplatin and other DNA damaging drugs (5-fluorouracil, olaparib). Our data suggest the role of SMARCA5 in regulation of baseline histone H2AX protein phosphorylation in the absence of DNA damage. Conclusion. Our findings characterize genes RAD50 and SMARCA5 as promising therapeutic targets and predictive markers for response to cisplatin and other DNA damaging drugs in patients with ovarian cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck.
THE ROLE OF ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN RECEPTOR IN THE DELIVERY OF TARGETED PREPARATIONS IN ONCOLOGY
Authors: Treshalina H. M , Smirnova G. B , Tsurkan S. A , Tcherkassova J. R , Lesnaya N. A
Published: September 2020

There was executed the analysis of thematic literature during from 1956 to 2015 devoted to receptors to fetal proteins, including to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) known in medicine as oncomarker and used by malignant cells for the organization of tumoral homeostasis. As protein carrier, AFP similar to albumin takes of vitally important molecules in a space «hydrophobic pocket» and moves inside a cell, but as the cancer-embryonal antigen (CEA) - determines the existence of a malignant tumor, but not the type of a neoplasm. On the bounding of AFP with teratogen and their internalization and delivery in an embryo there is based the development of ways of «address» delivery of substances into a cell. This is realized by means of receptor mediated endocytosis via specific membranous receptors to AFP (ReCAF) with high selectivity concerning malignant cells of various genesis. Up to 90% of all malignant cells of the human and tumor models for human and mammalians express AFP receptors, including rather recently opened stem tumor cells - the most probable source of metastasing. AFP production and expression of receptors is selectively raised in malignant tumors of patients and human tumor models. The hyperproduction of AFP and hyperexpression of ReCAF are related to the histologic type of tumor model and are characteristic for embrional cell tumors and hepatoblastomas with initially low drug sensitivity or with the resistance. When choosing the model it is necessary to consider that in different types of tumor cells ReCAF have specific features in cultivation which are not pronounced in conditions of an animal organism. More differentiated tumors are characterized by the larger level of the AFP production and a hyperexpression of ReCAF. The use of subcutaneous tumor xenografts signal for AFP localizations with the hyperexpression of receptors, allows to reveal mostly evidentially the effectiveness of the therapeutic system at the preclinical level. Address delivery of therapeutic systems created on the basis of AFP or its fragments is capable of causing the change of their pharmacological properties. The therapeutic prize is possible due to the induction of process of apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, but at the same time the fall in the cytotoxic capacity of system is possible.