bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecos do mundo dos artistas: memória e articulações comunicacionais
Authors: Aguiar Maria Livia De Sá Roriz
Published: December 2020

O trabalho apresenta as reflexões iniciais do projeto de pós-doutorado desenvolvido junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação e Cultura da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), com bolsa PNPD-Capes, que pretende ouvir velhos artistas, em dois momentos distintos: a) sujeitos acometidos por patologias que afetam a memória, entre elas o Alzheimer, em suas fases iniciais; b) sujeitos que se constroem e são construídos identitariamente como velhos, a partir do seu lugar etário. Através do uso de entrevistas, usando os fundamentos da clínica psicológica, realizaremos encontros com artistas (músicos, atores, artistas plásticos, etc.) procurando perceber as vozes desses indivíduos como sujeitos de uma comunicação afetados pelo tempo (e pela doença).
Health data and global power inequalities: challenging the world data order
Authors: Couldry Nick , Mejías Ulises Ali
Published: December 2020

Today’s global media infrastructures involve not just media, but the continual extraction and circulation of data across digital platforms, with health data being an important data domain. The extraction and use of health data raises particular human rights issues. This paper reviews, fist, the basic risks to individuals from unconstrained collection, use and transfer of their personal health data; second, the implications of the fast-growing health data sector for social power generally; and third, the wider implications if current trends related to commercial exploitation of personal health data are not interrupted. A new global debate is needed to address these trends and their basis in a highly unequal political economy which benefis the same countries that profied from historical colonialism. We articulate here — in new ways — the challenges addressed by the 1980 MacBride Report, but for a very differently confiured world.
KEMAMPUAN EKSTRAK BIJI KELOR SEBAGAI INHIBITOR KOROSI BESI DALAM LARUTAN HCl
Authors: Sunarti Sunarti , Kayadoe Victor , Rahawarin Prima D
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

There was already an experiment to test the capability of moringa seed extract in inhibiting corrosion of iron using the method of weight reduction. Inhibit power is obtained based on the inhibition efficiency of moringa seed extract concentration variation of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% as well as temperature variations, namely 35, 40, 45, and 50 based on the results of research obtained the data and the rate of corrosion inhibition efficiency the concentration variation in a row l: 82.92%; 86.87%; 91.02%; 93.74% and 0.4342; 0.3032; 0.2235; 0.1710.In the temperature variation data obtained and the rate of corrosion inhibition efficiency in a row
I requisiti degli strumenti di capitale primario di classe 1
Appunti per uno studio del capitale delle banche
Authors: Bevivino Vito
Published: December 2020

L'esigenza di stabilità del sistema finanziario ed economico scaturita all'esito della più rilevante delle recenti crisi finanziarie ha costituito la premessa della regolazione del capitale bancario elaborata dal Comitato di Basilea. Nel volgere di poco tempo, per rispondere a esigenze analoghe, il legislatore europeo ha rinnovato profondamente la regolazione bancaria europea con il risultato di dar vita al Single Rulebook. Una parte rilevante di questo strumento di armonizzazione è affidata al Regolamento 575/2013 in materia di requisiti prudenziali (Capital Requirement Regulation, inde CRR). Il CRR individua i requisiti di capitalizzazione delle banche determinando le regole per la formazione del capitale bancario e i rapporti di equilibrio tra i vari elementi del finanziamento bancario in base alla rischiosità delle attività. Il capitale primario di classe 1 (common equity tier 1, CET1) è una delle componenti fondamentali del capitale bancario. Lo studio espone gli elementi strutturali del capitale bancario e i requisiti che gli strumenti di capitale devono possedere per poter essere classificati come CET1. Inoltre, lo scritto evidenzia quei profili in cui la disciplina prudenziale si sovrappone a quella societaria e annota quei temi su cui si potrebbero soffermare ulteriori analisi del rapporto tra le discipline.
L’inquadramento giuridico dei riders entro l’alveo dell’art. 2 d.lgs. n. 81/2015 e prime letture giurisprudenziali della etero-organizzazione
Authors: Garbuio Chiara
Published: December 2020

L'elaborato si propone di analizzare la Sentenza della Corte d'appello in cui i giudici torinesi, riformando parzialmente la pronuncia del giudice di prime cure, pur escludendo la natura subordinata delle prestazioni fornite dai ciclofattoriri alla piattaforma Foodora, ne ravvisa le caratteristiche della etero-organizzazione e quindi l'applicabilità dell'art. 2 d.lgs. n. 81/2015. La sentenza offre anche l'occasione per una  delle prime ricostruzioni giurisprudenziali della etero-organizzazione, di recente inserita nel contesto ordinamentale.
The Many Shapes of Interreligious Relations in Contemporary Spain
Authors: Griera Mar
Published: December 2020

The idea of interreligious dialogue has gained worldwide traction in the last decades and has been promoted as a key component for religious peace. The aim of the article is to examine how interreligious aspirations and practices crystallize in different settings – namely diplomacy, governance and activism – and are shaped by the particular historical and political dynamics of each of these settings. The article explains how the plasticity of the idea of interreligious dialogue contributes to foster its popularity across different domains while serving to convey a wide range of meanings and expectations regarding interreligious pasts, presents and futures. Geographically, the article focuses on Spain and is based on qualitative fieldwork. The article shows that there have been considerable efforts to promote interreligious initiatives and that the global interreligious narrative has been re-fashioned locally, by including the idea of Al-Andalus as a lighthouse. However, the image of Spain and its history, as a foundational space for interreligious dialogue and multi-religious coexistence is contested by the current growth of extreme-right movements, and parties re-claiming the Christian foundational narrative of the country put this kind of initiative in peril.
Development and Validation of the Pandemic Fatigue Scale
Authors: Lilleholt Lau , Zettler Ingo , Betsch Cornelia , Böhm Robert
Published: December 2020

The existence and nature of pandemic fatigue––defined as a gradually emerging subjective state of weariness and exhaustion from, and a general demotivation towards, following recommended health-protective behaviors, including keeping oneself informed during a pandemic––has been debated. Herein, we introduce the Pandemic Fatigue Scale and show how pandemic fatigue evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic, using data from one panel survey and two repeated cross-sectional surveys in Denmark and Germany (overall N = 34,582). We map the correlates of pandemic fatigue and show that pandemic fatigue is negatively related to people’s self-reported adherence to recommended health-protective behaviors. Manipulating the (de)motivational aspect of pandemic fatigue in a preregistered online experiment (N = 1,584), we further show that pandemic fatigue negatively affects people’s intention to adhere to recommended health-protective behaviors. Combined, these findings provide evidence not only for the existence of pandemic fatigue, but also its psychological and behavioral associations.
Six Months In: Pandemic Crime Trends in England and Wales.
Authors: Langton Samuel , Farrell Graham , Dixon Anthony
Published: December 2020

Governments around the world have enforced strict guidelines on social interaction and mobility in an effort to control the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Evidence has begun to emerge which suggests that such dramatic changes in people’s routine activities have yielded similarly dramatic changes in criminal behavior. This study represents the first ‘look back’ on six months of the nationwide lockdown in England and Wales. Using open police-recorded crime trends, we provide a comparison between expected and observed crime rates for fourteen different offence categories between March and August, 2020. We find that most crime types experienced sharp, short-term declines during the first full month of lockdown. This was followed by a gradual resurgence as restrictions were relaxed. Major exceptions include antisocial behavior and drug crimes. Findings shed light on the opportunity structures for crime and the nuances of using police records to study crime during the pandemic.
Lifelong Learning in Nepal: Contexts and Prospects
Authors: Regmi Kapil Dev
Published: December 2020

After the declaration of the Sustainable Development Goal 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all by the UN, many countries have adapted lifelong learning as one of their main goals for meeting their educational needs. However, lifelong learning as an educational policy concept is defined differently in various contexts. With the case of the context of Nepal this paper, which builds on my thesis prepared for Master of Philosophy degree (Regmi,2009), explores some of the fundamental concepts attached with lifelong learning, mainly non-formal and informal modes of learning as key components of lifelong learning.
Mieszczanie i podatki. Nierówności majątkowe w wybranych miastach Korony w XVII wieku
Authors: Wagner Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

The monograph is concerned with the population and buildings of five big cities of the Polish Crown (Warsaw, Cracow, Poznan, Lublin and Lviv) in the light of taxes imposed on their inhabitants. The analysis of the state of the tenements and wealth inequalities indicates the consequences of the destruction during the so-called Deluge in the economic history of the Polish Commonwealth and explores the differences between the cities before and after the Swedish invasion.
Comparative Analysis of the Clinical Presentations, Cardiovascular & Laboratory Findings & Treatment of Heart Failure with Preserved & Reduced Ejection Fractions in Cameroon: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: N Temgoua Mazou , Boombhi Jérôme , Bele Antoin , N Temgoua Mazou , Hamadou Ba , Tochie Joel Noutakdie , Tchapmi Donald , Nganou Chris-Nadège , Mfeukeu-Kuaté Liliane , Menanga Alain , Kingue Samuel
Published: December 2020

Background: Contrarily to past concepts, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has
become more prevalent than heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Our objective was to
study the clinical, cardiovascular and laboratory findings and therapeutic aspects of HFpEF, compared with
those of HFrEF in Yaounde, Cameroon.
Method: This was an analytical cross-sectional study carried-out at the Central Hospital, General Hospital
and Military Hospital of Yaounde, from January to April 2018 (4 months). 201 patients aged at least 18
years old with an echocardiography confirmed diagnosis of heart failure had been enrolled. We excluded
12 patients because they had a congenital ventricular septal defect (2), chronic cor pulmonale (4), mitral
stenosis (5), and pericarditis (1).
Results: We found that 45.5% of our patients had HFpEF whereas 37.5% had HFrEF. Patients with HFpEF
were older and had a significantly higher incidence of hypertension and obesity. HFrEF was significantly
more associated with congestive symptoms than HFpEF. The S3 gallop was significantly more present in
patients with HFrEF. Patients with HFpEF had significantly higher rate of atrial fibrillation. Furosemide,
spironolactone and digoxin were significantly used more frequently in patients with HFrEF.
Conclusion: HFpEF is the most frequent form of heart failure in the hospital setting in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Patients with HFpEF were significantly older and more affected by hypertension and obesity than those
with HFrEF. Cardiac ultrasound is indispensable to differentiate between the two entities for better
management.
Principals’ Perspectives on Pupils’ Social Learning in Swedish School-Age Educare
Authors: Jonsson Kristina
Published: December 2020

This article aims to investigate social learning in the Swedish school-age educare (SAEC) from a number of principals’ perspectives. An abductive approach has been adopted to analyse the data from individual interviews with seven principals in school-age educare. The results are understood through an interactionist perspective, with Bronfenbrenner’s (2005) bioecological system theory as a raster, which gives a didactic view on the principals’ governing of the SAEC. Three themes were identified in the principals’ perspectives, which are the core aim of the work in the SAEC, the staff’s approach and pupils’ democratic learning. The results suggest that the perspective of the principals is characterized by having the pupil in focus.
Cosmological distances scale: Pt. 11. Extraordinary evidences and cosmically jerk problem
Authors: Levin S. F.
Published: December 2020

Statistical verification of the “extraordinary” evidence of “acceleration of the expansion of the Universe” due to the “cosmic push” at the redshift interval and at based on data on supernovae of type SN Ia, for which photometric distances were determined, was carried out. The transition from “deceleration” to “acceleration” is considered as a “breakdown” – a change in the structure and parameters of the model of the cosmological distance scale. It is shown that data from different sources do not form a compositionally homogeneous set. The scale model's “misalignment” (discord) was revealed for from a sample of 10 SN Ia obtained in the interval by the High-Z Supernovae Search Team, and for from a sample of 42 SN Ia obtained in the interval by the Supernovae Cosmology Project group. The reason for these “discrepancies” may be an unbalanced and random distribution of SN Ia over the observed range of redshifts with a clearly expressed non-metric character of the scale.
Method for determining the fractional part of the carrier frequency cycle of the simulator GNSS signals
Authors: Pecheritsa D. S. , Burtsev S. Y. , Frolov A. A.
Published: December 2020

The article presents the calibration problem of a navigation signals simulator while ensuring the measurements uniformity of coordinate and time measuring instruments. The method of determining the carrier frequency cycle fractional part in the simulator RF circuit output and standart deviation estimate of the pseudorange generation error by the simulator on the carrier phase with using of an oscilloscope is presented. The method essence is to determine the phase difference between two signals: the simulator absolute calibration with a single RF output – the phase difference between the navigation signal generated by the simulator and the reference harmonic signal; the simulator relative calibration with two or more RF outputs – the phase difference between the navigation signals generated by the simulator from different RF outputs. The applying of the simulator absolute calibration by the carrier frequency phase to solve the receiver calibration problem by the carrier frequency phase is shown, which will significantly simplify the implementation of the promising Integer-PPP technology. Presented the use of the simulator relative calibration to determine the accuracy characteristics of angular receiver in its development and testing.
A comparative study on thermoelectric properties of ZnO bulks and thin films
Authors: Truong Dai Cao , Pham Anh Tuan Thanh , Le Oanh Kieu Truong , Hoang Dung Van , Nguyen Truong Huu , Ta Hanh Kieu Thi , Pham Ngoc Kim , Lai Hoa Thi , Phan Thang Bach , Tran Vinh Cao
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Zinc oxide (ZnO) is well-known as a promising thermoelectric material owing to its safety, inexpensiveness, and thermal stability. This research provides an overview of thermoelectric potentials, including structure, electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and power factor of pure ZnO semiconductor synthesized in bulk and thin-film forms.
Methods: The ZnO bulk was synthesized by solid-state reaction at high temperature, while the thin film was prepared by d.c. magnetron sputtering technique. The temperature-dependent thermoelectric properties of all the samples were measured by the Seebeck LSR-3 system. The crystallographic and surface morphological information of the samples were obtained by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively.
Results: The XRD results confirm that both the bulk and thin-film have polycrystalline structure and characteristics of hexagonal-wurtzite ZnO. Through the FESEM observation, the bulk is well densified under high-temperature condition, while the thin-film achieve good orientation and close-packed grains. At 573 K, the obtained thermoelectric properties (electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and power factor) are respectively 352.4 S/cm, -89.5 µV/K and 282.5 µW/mK2 for the ZnO bulk; and 289 S/cm, -113.8 µV/K and 374.3 µW/mK2 for the ZnO film.
Conclusion: The comparative study shows the good thermoelectric potential of ZnO material in both forms of bulk and thin film. Among them, the thin film has better results, especially in the Seebeck coefficient and power factor than one.
Online Learning during Pandemic: Students' Motivation, Challenges, and Alternatives
Authors: Muslimin Afif Ikhwanul , Harintama Fitrana
Published: December 2020

AbstractPandemic had intrigued the change of EFL learning mode in higher education. The students had to adjust to the situation that created learning challenges that might obstruct learning progress. Furthermore, students’ motivations and creativities would lead them to find alternatives. Hence, the present study was aimed to investigate the students’ challenges, motivations, and alternatives. It was a descriptive qualitative research case study by gathering students’ responses using questionnaires and interview with 10 students who joined KSP (short course) English Syntax using WhatsApp group at English Education Study Program of UIN Mataram in July 2020. The results showed that students’ motivations were increasing scores in remedy class (90%) and gaining more science understanding (10%). The challenges faced by students during the online courses were poor internet connection (50%), simultaneous agendas (30%), limited WhatsApp feature (10%), and anxiety (10%). Regarding challenges, students did alternatives such as preparing phone credits (30%), praying for the end of the pandemic (10%), learning extensively (10%), searching for the best place to get an internet signal (20%), setting alarm (10%), and creating on-going motivation (20%). The research showed that online mode learning needed adequate preparations mentally, physically, and financially to back up their learning deficiency.Keywords: Online learning; EFL; Motivations; Covid-19; Education
Reflections on a community-based approach to writing grammars of endangered African languages
Authors: AKUMBU Pius
Published: December 2020

Increasingly, there have been proposals for grammar writers to take into account the
realities and needs of the community in order to produce grammars that can serve the
interests of the native speakers (e.g. Kadanya 2006, Rehg 2014). Obviously, a grammar
of an endangered language should, among other things, lead to the maintenance and/or
revitalization of the language. However, grammars that are comprehensive and clear
(Noonan 2007, Payne 2014, Rice 2006), and yet focus on and meet the needs of the target
community, are still rare. This paper provides a reflection, from a community linguist’s
perspective, on how a community-based grammar could be conceived and written in the
African context. It is based on an exploration of the existing grammars written the by
native and non-native speakers, as well as on the feedback from the native speakers. The
paper points out some practical challenges involved (e.g. with data collection, and actual
use of the grammars), and upholds that a grammar that is based on community mobilization, sensitization, and training requires a greater involvement and follow-up by the grammar
writer, especially after publication.
Islamic martyrdom in northern Nigeria
Authors: Brakoniecka Sabina
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses some elements of the tradition of martyrdom among Muslims in
northern Nigeria. It describes the basic frameworks of the concept of martyrdom in Islam
with special reference to its contemporary usage. Then it discusses the shape of the idea
of martyrdom during the times of Usman ɗan Fodio’s jihad. It further examines the concept
of martyrdom as presented in the speeches of Muhammad Yusuf, the ideologue of
the Boko Haram organisation, as well as its practical implementation in the times of the
current rebellion in northern Nigeria.
Las Imágenes de las Movilizaciones Climáticas Juveniles en la Prensa y la Televisión en España
Authors: Teso Alonso María Gemma , Fernández-Reyes Rogelio
Published: December 2020

Las movilizaciones climáticas de 2019 han supuesto una novedad en la acción climática. Una nueva generación de adolescentes y jóvenes han logrado llamar la atención de la sociedad sobre el reto del cambio climático, requiriendo a los gobernantes valentía para tomar medidas suficientes para cumplir con El Acuerdo de París, señalando a la ciencia como referente. Este hito histórico ha tenido a Greta Thunberg como rostro del movimiento estudiantil Fridays For Future junto a otras organizaciones. El objetivo general del presente artículo es estudiar la representación que ofrecen los medios de comunicación del activismo ambiental llevado a cabo por los jóvenes frente a la emergencia climática. La metodología empleada ha sido el análisis de contenido en televisión y en prensa a partir de un muestreo estructural. Entre los efectos de las movilizaciones juveniles, apoyadas por ciudadanía adulta, se pueden encontrar: un volumen inaudito de movimientos ciudadanos por el clima a nivel mundial, europeo y nacional; la identificación de la causa ambiental por parte de toda una generación; y haber logrado uno de sus objetivos: que se declarara institucionalmente la emergencia climática.
交通运输企业全面预算管理的思考
Authors: 王 琴
Published: December 2020

近年来，我国交通运输基础设施建设在逐渐的优化，并且覆盖范围也在不断地蔓延，这样对交通运输企业的发展起到了积极的推动作用。交通运输企业要想保证自身的稳步发展，那么最为重要的就是需要不断提升自身综合实力，并且要建立全面预算管理机制，为预算管理工作的实施给予规范化的指导。文章结合自身的工作经验，分析了交通运输企业实施全面预算管理的价值，同时指出了交通运输企业全面预算管理的困境，最后详细阐述了全面预算管理体系建设的有效举措，包括健全全面预算管理组织体系、完善预算定额标准制度体系、优化全面预算分析制度体系、构建预算考核评估制度体系等，为今后更好的开展交通运输企业预算管理工作提供参考。
新时期国有企业办公室管理质量的提升策略
Authors: 刘 镇荣
Published: December 2020

在新的时期国有企业也迎来了新的发展契机，在这个新时期尤其应做好企业办公室管理工作，使其可以更好的适应社会经济发展及时代发展要求，满足国有企业改革需要，从而推动国有企业发展与创新，提升企业办公室管理工作效率，实现国有企业高质量发展。
营改增对建筑企业会计核算的影响及其完善
Authors: 凌 静
Published: December 2020

随着中国经济的快速发展，企业间的竞争越来越激烈，企业也越来越需要提高自身的竞争力。在税收制度改革过程中，“营改增”政策是非常重要和关键的一步，它是保证我国经济快速发展的有效推动力，同时也是促进企业成长壮大的基础，提高企业和市场的活力。在政策实施过程中，企业应有效的控制好改革发展的压力，努力创新和调整自身的发展，增强工作效率，以有效应对政策上的冲击。
酒店人力资源管理绩效考核的问题及应对策略
Authors: 吴 泽科
Published: December 2020

当前社会快速发展，各行各业都迎来了巨大的发展机会，但同样也伴随着激烈的市场竞争。作为酒店行业这种劳动密集型的企业，人力资源属于非常重要的资源，因此必须要做好人力资源管理工作。酒店人力资源管理工作过程中，最重要的工作内容就是绩效考核，绩效考核中的监督措施、激励措施能够更好地帮助到酒店进行人力资源管理，对酒店经济效益提高起到关键作用。下面，文章就酒店人力资源管理绩效考核的问题及应对策略展开论述。
财政税收工作存在的问题及深化改革建议
Authors: 刘 海燕
Published: December 2020

近年来，我国加大了改革开放的力度，从而有效的推动了我国综合国力的显著提升。但是就当前我国实际国情来看，还处在社会主义的初级阶段，所以发展生产力还是现下我国的首要任务。要想有效的推动生产力水平的提高，那么就需要积极的推进财政税收管理工作的落实，财务税收工作的实施对于我国社会经济的发展具有重要的影响作用，与以往老旧的改革体制相对比来说，我国在财政税收管理工作方面取得了良好的进步，但是在改革体制全面实施的形势下，因为受到诸多老旧管理理念的限制，从而会在工作中遇到各种各样的问题，最终会对我国财政税收工作的实施造成诸多的制约。鉴于此，这篇文章主要针对我国财政税收管理工作展开全面深入的研究分析，希望能够对我国社会和谐稳定发展有所帮助。
Millet-Jute-T. Aman Cropping Pattern for Increasing System Productivity in the Active Brahmaputra-Jamuna Floodplain Chars
Authors: Mahmud AA , Alam M Jahangir , Islam MA , Molla MSH , Ali MA
Published: December 2020

Increasing system productivity in a planned way is an important base for attaining food security, where bringing marginal land like Charland under intensive crop cultivation is highly desirable. The field trial was conducted in the Charland of the Jamuna River under Saghataupazilla of Gaibandha during 2017- 18 & 2018-19 to increase the productivity and profitability through the development of three crops-based improved cropping patterns instead of the local practice (double-crop). Three crops based improved cropping pattern namely Millet (BARI Kaon-2)-Jute (O-9897)-T. Aman (Gainja) was compared with the existing cropping pattern of Millet (Local)-Fallow-T. Aman (Gainja). The experiment was laid out in six dispersed replications maintaining RCB design. The introduced improved cropping pattern produced the higher system productivity based on rice equivalent yield, REY (12.95 t ha-1), than the existing cropping pattern (4.20 t ha-1), which is three times higher than the existing pattern. Total field duration and turnaround time were 323 and 42 days, respectively in improved pattern and 215 and 150 days, respectively in the existing pattern, which revealed that 108 days more could be made productive through the introduction of improved cropping pattern. The alternate pattern increased production efficiency and land-use efficiency by 35% and 30%, respectively than that of the existing cropping system. The gross margin was also three times higher in the improved cropping pattern (1, 41,600 Tk ha-1 yr-1) compared to the farmers’ existing cropping pattern (38,350 Tk ha-1 yr-1). The marginal benefit-cost ratio (MBCR) was calculated 2.44 in an improved cropping pattern over the existing cropping pattern. The inclusion of an extra one crop (Jute) in the existing cropping pattern and replacement of the local millet variety by high yielding variety (BARI Kaon-2) could play a significant role to increase the system productivity as well as profitability in the Charland of Saghata, Gaibandha.

The Agriculturists 2020; 18(1) 129-136
Underactive Bladder; Diagnosis and Treatment at BSMMU; Single Centre Retrospective Study
Authors: Ullah ATM Aman , Hossain Muhammad , Rahman Md Habibur , Alam AKM Khurshidul
Published: December 2020

There have been no universally agreed upon criteria and categorization of the underactive bladder (UAB). This study describes the clinical and urodynamic characteristics of UAB with lower urinary tract symptoms and treatments, and attempts to provide a system of categorization.
Objective: Some patients with Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) have underactive bladder and their treatment options vary subjectively. This study attempts to investigate the patient-reported experience of treatment after UDS.
Materials and methods; A retrospective study was conducted at the urology department at BSMMU from April 2017 to Dec 2019. Contraindication was Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). Patients were monitored according to follow up schedule.
Results: Total number of UAB was 151. Initial complication was minimum; only two patients had UTI. Most patients improved with conservative management and CIC. The rest retain their symptoms with other treatments.
Conclusion: Conservative method and CIC is the main treatment for UAB. There are still many unknown causes for UAB, and many treatments are still unavailable in our country, it is still controversial whether satisfactory success is achieved in the treatment of patients with UAB.
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 23, No. 1, January 2020 p.24-30
Transverse Preputial Island Flap for Hypospedias Repair: A Study in A Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Asad Hafiz Al , Morshed Md Selim , Manzer Tasnim Alam , Hasan Abu Naser Md Lutful , Chowdhury Zulfia Zinat , Hosain AKM Shahadat
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Hypospadias continues to be a challenging problem for reconstructive surgeon. As urethral plate preservation got an important role, transverse preputial island flap (TPIF) urethroplasty is one of the preferred technique for sub-coronal and distal penile hypospadius.
Methods: This study was conducted at urology department, DMCH, from February, 2014 to June, 2017 where 15 patients underwent TPIF urethroplasty. Inner preputial flap with its pedicle was developed and separated from the dorsal penile skin which was sutured to the urethral plate in an onlay manner over a stent by running suture. Glanuloplasty and meatoplasty was done and skin closed.SPC was done in every cases. Dressing was checked on 5th POD, stent was removed after 03 weeks. SPC was removed 2 to 3 days after satisfactory voiding. All patients were followed up at 6th and 12th week.
Results: Among the 15 patients age range was 2-14 years and mean age. Sub-coronal in 4 and distal penile was in 11 patients. Following TPIF urethroplasty wound disruption was noted in one patient for that glans closure was done successfully. There was no meatal stenosis and urethrocutaneous fistula in follow up. Regarding cosmetic outcome 12 were good, 2 were acceptable and 1 was poor.
Conclusion: Success rate of TPIF urethroplasty in case of sub-coronal and distal penile hypospadias is excellent. Cosmetic outcome should be considered most challenging and with experience of surgeons this aspect will be improved.
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 23, No. 1, January 2020 p.43-47
To Compare the Efficacy of Tamsulosin, Solifenacin and Combination of Both in the Treatment of Double-J Stent Related Irritative Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Low Back Pain
Authors: Tareq AHM Imrul , Islam Md Sayedul
Published: December 2020

Background: Stent-associated symptoms can have a significant impact on patient quality of life. Hematuria, urgency, frequency, dysuria, and both bladder and flank pain are the most prevalent symptoms related to indwelling ureteral stents. Among them irritative lower urinary tract symptoms and low back pain are more frequent. Despite the stent related symptoms, because of its importance stent is being kept in situ with varieties of medication. Several alpha-adrenergic blocker and antimuscarinic drugs are used to relief these symptoms like Tamsulosin, Solifenacin, Alphazosin etc. Both Tamsulosin and Solifenacin are not costly as use daily single dose. So combination of Tamsulosin and Solifenacin may act as a reliever of stent related symptoms and also cost effective.
Methods and materials: For this purpose, a total of 126 patients having unilateral double-J ureteral stent for 7 days with stent related irritative LUTS and low back pain were included in this study. This hospital based prospective randomized clinical trial was carried out in Urology department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, during January 2014 to June 2015, to compare the irritative IPSS, improvement of quality of life score component of IPSS ,the low back pain score for double-J ureteral stent using Tamsulosin, Solifenacin and combination of both (Tamsulosin and Solifenacin)
Results: Regarding the irritative sub group of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) was observed during 2nd and 4th weeks follow up IPSS was significantly (p<0.05) higher in solifenacin and Tamsulosin group with compared to Tamsulosin+Solifenacin group. During 4th weeks follow up the mean quality of life (QOL) score was significantly (p<0.05) higher in solifenacin group and Tamsulosin group with compared to Tamsulosin+Solifenacin group.During 2nd weeks and 4th weeks follow up visual Analogue Pain Scale (VAPS) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in solifenacin group followed by Tamsulosin group and Tamsulosin+Solifenacin group.
Conclusion: Combined use of Tamsulosin and Solifenacin is more effective than use of single drug (either Tamsulosin or Solifenacin) in the treatment of ureteral double-J stent related irritative LUTS and low back pain.
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 23, No. 1, January 2020 p.48-51
Laparoscopic Versus Open Simple Nephrectomy Our Initial Experiences
Authors: Alam Md Naushad , Alam Md Shawkat , Islam Khan Nazrul , Miah Md Latifur Rahman , Chowdhury Anup Roy , Hasnat Md Abul
Published: December 2020

Background: Nephrectomy is indicated in patients with an irreversibly damaged kidney. The nephrectomy can be performed through open or laparoscopic procedure. Although there is evidence that laparoscopy is the preferred choice, additional evidence is indicated.
Objective: To compare the outcomes of nephrectomy through open and laparoscopic procedures.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Urology, National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka from July 2017 to December 2019 over a period of two and half years. In this study, 13 patients had laparoscopic nephrectomy and 17 patients had open nephrectomy. Operative time, length of hospital stay, loss of bleeding, transfusion requirement, peri and post-operative complications were recorded and compared. SPSS 12 was used for analysis. Categorical data were compared with Chi-square test and numerical data were compared with unpaired t test.
Results: Maximum patients were more than 40 year old and mean age was 43.53 ± 5.55 years & 41.46 ± 6.31 years in open & laparoscopic nephrectomy group respectively. Male and female ratio was almost similar in both groups. Operative time for open nephrectomy was significantly lower than operative time for laparoscopic nephrectomy (147.9 ± 34.2 vs 184.6 ± 33.3 min; p=0.004). Mean length of post-operative hospital stay was significantly longer for patients receiving open surgery than for patients receiving laparoscopy (7.06 ± 3.67 days vs 3.92 ± 0.86 days; p = <0.001). There was no significant difference in mean postoperative time to oral intake for patients receiving open and laparoscopic nephrectomy (24.71 ± 2.91 hours and 24.00 ± 0.00 hours; p = 0.391). Per-operative complications occurred in 9 (52.9%) patients in the open nephrectomy group and in 3 (23.1%) patients in laparoscopic nephrectomy group. There was no significant group difference in complication rates (P = 0.098). Pain was reduced significantly in both groups. In each follow up, VAS was significantly lower in laparoscopic nephrectomy group than open nephrectomy group groups.
Conclusion: The overall outcomes of the two procedures were similar. Pain was significantly less in laparoscopic nephrectomy.
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 23, No. 1, January 2020 p.52-55
Two-edged Knife: Massive Pulmonary Embolism and Thrombolytic Contraindication
Authors: Kandemir Şerif , Tatar Sefa , İçli Abdullah , Sertdemir Ahmet , Akıllı Hakan
Published: December 2020

İntroduction:
Pulmonary embolism is a common cause of death among emergency department admissions, and it has a high mortality and morbidity rate. Etiological reasons are generally associated with immobility. Radiological imaging methods are at the forefront in diagnosis. Anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapy may be preferred in treatment according to the hemodynamic condition of the patient.

Case report:
A 56-year-old female patient admitted to the emergency department with sudden onset of dyspnea and syncope with a condition of cardiogenic shock, and echocardiography revealed an enlargement of the right heart chambers and impaired functions, and a tomography was performed with the pre-diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. When systemic thrombolytic therapy was contraindicated in the patient who had embolism on tomography, catheter-based thrombectomy and selective low-dose thrombolytic therapy to the pulmonary artery were administered. The patient, who became hemodynamically stable and his shock condition improved, was discharged with anticoagulant therapy.

Conclusion:
When left untreated, pulmonary embolism is a disease with a high mortality rate. Although systemic thrombolytic treatments are contraindicated in some patients, successful results can be obtained with locally effective interventional treatments in these patient groups.

Keywords: Pulmonary embolism, catheter-based thrombolysis, thrombolytic therapy
Focal Myocarditis Mimicking Subendocardial Ischaemia: a Case Report
Authors: Demir Hüseyin Avni , Bildik Fikret , Kadi Gultekin
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
Myocarditis is an infrequent, possibly life-threatening, and inflammatory myocardial disease with various
number of clinical complaints and symptoms, often caused by infectious agents.
Case Presentation:
A 24‑year‑old male came to the emergency department (ED) with the complaints of angina-like retrosternal chest pain and tightness lasting for three days. The ECG suggesting inferior submural ischaemia and echocardiographic assessment was normal. Laboratory tests showed troponin T levels increased. Coronary angiography was normal. CMRI showed patchy contrast uptake. It looked more like viral myocarditis.
Conclusion:
Acute myocarditis diagnosis is most difficulty and predictively in connection with the variety of clinical presentations. The differential diagnosis between myocarditis and AMI can be troublesome in ED.
Economic Cost of Traceability in U.S. Beef Production
Authors: Shear Hannah E. , Pendell Dustin L.
Published: December 2020

Livestock traceability has increasingly become a focus for the USDA, the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, high-volume beef-exporting states, and other beef industry stakeholders. The focus on traceability within the United States (U.S.) began after several international animal disease outbreaks and continues to be of importance with highly infectious diseases spreading across the globe. Mitigating adverse future disease outbreaks and food safety events, as well as maintaining export markets through a positive international perception of U.S. beef has become a top priority. Implementing a national animal identification (ID) and traceability program would enable the industry to track and reduce the potential losses due to an outbreak or event. However, such a system comes at a cost, mainly to cow-calf producers. This study utilizes a partial equilibrium model to determine the impacts of a beef cattle animal ID and traceability system in the United States. Utilizing an economic model allows us to provide a comparison of how the various beef sectors would need to respond to offset the costs of a national animal ID and traceability program. Assuming no changes in domestic and international demand for U.S. beef, producers at the wholesale, slaughter, and feeder levels lose $475 million, $1,143 million, and $1,291 million, respectively, in a 10-year discounted cumulative producer surplus. A 17.7 and 1.9% increase in international and domestic beef demand would be required to completely offset the producer costs of CattleTrace, respectively.
Association Between Perioperative Glycemic Control Strategy and Mortality in Patients With Diabetes Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jin Xinye , Wang Jinjing , Ma Yanfang , Li Xueqiong , An Ping , Wang Jie , Mao Wenfeng , Mu Yiming , Chen Yaolong , Chen Kang
Published: December 2020

Objective

To analyze association between different perioperative glycemic control strategies and postoperative outcomes in patients with diabetes undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods

MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and China Biology Medicine (CBM) databases were searched from inception to January 31, 2019. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias of included studies, and consensus was reached by discussion with a third researcher.

Results

Six RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. We analyzed the effect of liberal (>180 mg/dl or 10.0 mmol/L), moderate (140–180 mg/dl or 7.8–10.0 mmol/L) and strict (<140 mg/dl or 7.8 mmol/L) glycemic control strategies in patients with diabetes undergoing cardiac surgery. The pooled results showed that strict glycemic control strategy was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of atrial fibrillation [OR = 0.48, 95%CI (0.32, 0.72), P < 0.001] and sternal wound infection [OR = 0.28, 95%CI (0.14, 0.54), P < 0.001], while there was no significant differences in postoperative mortality, stroke, and hypoglycemic episodes when compared with moderate control. In addition, there is no significant difference between moderate and liberal glycemic control strategies in postoperative mortality. However, moderate control was beneficial in reducing atrial fibrillation [OR = 0.28, 95%CI (0.13, 0.60), P = 0.001] compared with the liberal glycemic control strategy.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis showed when compared with moderate glycemic control strategy in patients with diabetes undergoing cardiac surgery, maintained strict glycemic control was associated with lower risk of atrial fibrillation and sternal wound infection. No benefit was found with liberal glycemic control strategy, so it could be a poor glycemic control strategy.
Frequency and Causes of False-Positive Elevated Plasma Concentrations of Fasting Gut Hormones in a Specialist Neuroendocrine Tumor Center
Authors: Butler Olivia L. , Mekhael Monica M. , Ahmed Arslan , Cuthbertson Daniel J. , Pritchard D. Mark
Published: December 2020

Introduction

In the UK, the fasting plasma concentrations of a panel of gut hormones (comprising vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon, somatostatin and chromogranin A) are measured to evaluate patients who have or who (due to unexplained and compatible symptoms) are suspected of having neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). False positive elevated hormone concentrations are sometimes found.

Objective

To evaluate the frequency and implications of false positive fasting gut hormone results.

Methods

Retrospective audit of fasting gut hormone profile results at a large UK university teaching hospital over 12 months.

Results

Fasting gut hormone concentrations were measured in 231 patients during 2017. No NETs were found in the 88 patients who had this test performed only to investigate symptoms. 31 false positive gastrin, 8 false positive chromogranin A, two false positive glucagon, three false positive somatostatin, one false positive PP, and one false positive VIP results were found. We extended the audit for glucagon and somatostatin for an additional two years and found seven probable false-positive raised glucagon concentrations and four probable false-positive elevated plasma somatostatin concentrations in total.

Conclusions

False-positive elevations of plasma gastrin and chromogranin A were common and causes such as proton pump inhibitor use or inadequate fasting accounted for most cases. Elevated plasma concentrations of the other gut hormones were also detected in patients who had no other evidence of NET. Other diagnoses (e.g. cirrhosis and medullary thyroid carcinoma for hypersomatostatinemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, liver or renal impairment for hyperglucagonemia) may cause these false positive results.
Asymmetric Graves’ Orbitopathy
Authors: Panagiotou Grigorios , Perros Petros
Published: December 2020

Graves’ Orbitopathy (GO) is an autoimmune orbital disorder usually presenting as a sequala of autoimmune thyroid disease. The presence of GO is associated with increased psychological burden and, in severe cases may cause blindness. While most patients with GO present with bilateral disease, asymmetric or unilateral GO may affect a significant proportion of patients diagnosed with GO. Older age, male sex, active and severe disease correlate with asymmetric disease. However, the exact mechanisms causing asymmetry remain elusive. Herein, we review the literature on asymmetric GO and highlight its differences compared with bilateral GO.
A Semi-automatic Diagnosis of Hip Dysplasia on X-Ray Films
Authors: Yang Guangyao , Jiang Yaoxian , Liu Tong , Zhao Xudong , Chang Xiaodan , Qiu Zhaowen
Published: December 2020

Background: Diagnosis of hip joint plays an important role in early screening of hip diseases such as coxarthritis, heterotopic ossification, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, etc. Early detection of hip dysplasia on X-ray films may probably conduce to early treatment of patients, which can help to cure patients or relieve their pain as much as possible. There has been no method or tool for automatic diagnosis of hip dysplasia till now.

Results: A semi-automatic method for diagnosis of hip dysplasia is proposed. Considering the complexity of medical imaging, the contour of acetabulum, femoral head, and the upper side of thigh-bone are manually marked. Feature points are extracted according to marked contours. Traditional knowledge-driven diagnostic criteria is abandoned. Instead, a data-driven diagnostic model for hip dysplasia is presented. Angles including CE, sharp, and Tonnis angle which are commonly measured in clinical diagnosis, are automatically obtained. Samples, each of which consists of these three angle values, are used for clustering according to their densities in a descending order. A three-dimensional normal distribution derived from the cluster is built and regarded as the parametric model for diagnosis of hip dysplasia. Experiments on 143 X-ray films including 286 samples (i.e., 143 left and 143 right hip joints) demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. According to the method, a computer-aided diagnosis tool is developed for the convenience of clinicians, which can be downloaded at http://www.bio-nefu.com/HIPindex/. The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding authors upon request.

Conclusions: This data-driven method provides a more objective measurement of the angles. Besides, it provides a new criterion for diagnosis of hip dysplasia other than doctors' experience deriving from knowledge-driven clinical manual, which actually corresponds to very different way for clinical diagnosis of hip dysplasia.
Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Rewarding and Therapeutic Effects of Ketamine as a Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Strong Caroline E. , Kabbaj Mohamed
Published: December 2020

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most prevalent substance use disorder and causes a significant global burden. Relapse rates remain incredibly high after decades of attempting to develop novel treatment options that have failed to produce increased rates of sobriety. Ketamine has emerged as a potential treatment for AUD following its success as a therapeutic agent for depression, demonstrated by several preclinical studies showing that acute administration reduced alcohol intake in rodents. As such, ketamine’s therapeutic effects for AUD are now being investigated in clinical trials with the hope of it being efficacious in prolonging sobriety from alcohol in humans (ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT01558063). Importantly, ketamine’s antidepressant effects only last for about 1-week and because AUD is a lifelong disorder, repeated treatment regimens would be necessary to maintain sobriety. This raises questions regarding its safety for AUD treatment since ketamine itself has the potential for addiction. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the neuroadaptations related to alcohol’s addictive properties as well as ketamine’s therapeutic and addictive properties. To do this, the focus will be on reward-related brain regions such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc), dorsal striatum, prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and ventral tegmental area (VTA) to understand how acute vs. chronic exposure will alter reward signaling over time. Additionally, evidence from these studies will be summarized in both male and female subjects. Accordingly, this review aims to address the safety of repeated ketamine infusions for the treatment of AUD. Although more work about the safety of ketamine to treat AUD is warranted, we hope this review sheds light on some answers about the safety of repeated ketamine infusions.