bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Armored Terrestrial Tardigrades use Cryptogam-Host Cues of Pending Environmental Deterioration to Initiate Cryptobiosis.
Authors: Momeni Sogol , Phillipi Evan , Bushman Timothy , Fuentes-González Jesualdo A. , Perezsanchez Ana P. , Rosario Justin R. , Earley Ryan E. , Ciesla Lukasz M. , Pienaar Jason
Published: January 2024

The mechanisms of the induction of extremotolerant states, a.k.a. cryptobiosis, in tardigrades are beginning to be explored. Armored tardigrades (Class: Heterotardigrada) living in limnoterrestrial environments are highly associated with desiccation-tolerant moss or lichen substrates that themselves produce numerous specialized metabolites during desiccation. Here we show that some of these metabolites can induce reversible cryptobiosis in their coexisting heterotardigrades in a dose-dependent manner. Coexisting eutardigrades, nematodes and rotifers however, show no such response to these molecules. The response-inducing metabolites belong to a class of soft-electrophilic flavonoid compounds, suggesting that they possibly interact with electrophile-responsive heterotardigrade proteomes related to their specific cryptobiotic traits. The ability to control when biological material enters a protective state increases the scope of bioengineering avenues to mitigate increasing environmental unpredictability on Earth and to inform near-future space-travel endeavors.
Process Simulation of Carbon Dioxide Gas Stream Dehydration from Flue Gas
Authors: Rahman Md. Shafiur , Aich Jotirmoy , Basak Roni , Islam Md. Mirazul
Published: January 2024

Since many decades, global warming & subsequent sea level rise has been a major issue for the nations. Flue gas from fossil fuel burning industrial processes have always been a prime contributor to carbon footprint. Recent approaches to mitigate this issue include the application of carbon capture & sequestration (CCS) in fossil fuel-burning power plants. In this work, ASPEN HYSYS software was used to simulate the dehydration of a CO2- containing flue gas stream to look into potential process improvements. The dehydration technique is conducted to prevent corrosion and hydrate buildup in pipelines. Having a maximum water content of 200 ppmv was the objective dried stream purity. Glycol package has been used as a thermodynamic property package to simulate the process. Water removal & solvent regeneration have been considered the main building blocks for this process. Parameters investigated in this study were water removal rate, dehydrated gas purity, solvent circulation rate etc. Higher solvent circulation rate (>15 kg mole/h) does not decrease water content or water flow rate in dehydrated gas stream. This study revealed that improving the reboiler temperature, solvent circulation rate increases the water removal rate. On the other side, raising the feed gas temperature, the solvent circulation rate, and the absorber pressure reduces dehydration performance. Case study on the effect of temperature & pressure suggest lower feed gas temperature (<1200C) & higher feed gas pressure (>5800kPa) favors dehydration performance. Solvent regeneration has been identified as the major energy-consuming process where energy consumption can be further reduced by changing process chemistry.
Study by computational methods of the electronic structure of a series of organic molecules and their charge transfer complexes
Authors: Belaidi Salah , Kerassa Aicha
Published: January 2024

This work explored a series of organic molecules belonging to the tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) family and their charge transfer complexes (TTF-TCNQ), involving asymmetric molecules (donors) complexed with the acceptor molecule tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). This study was carried out by several in silico methods (molecular mechanics, DFT, PM3 and EHT). A structural study of the donors showed that the majority of the structures of these molecules are pseudo planar and exhibit Cs symmetry. The diagonal angles of the average planes of this series vary from 0.028° to 0.544°, with a calculation error of 0.001°. We found good correlation between the computational values and the experimental values. Charge transfer complexes (CTCs), which have a specific conductivity between 7.6 and 10.6 W -1 cm-1, correspond to a charge transfer between 0.61 and 0.72 e/mol and have a restricted gap of 1.58 to 1.71 eV.
Language planning in the context of complex multilingual schools
Authors: Mabiletja Matome , Ngcobo Mtholeni
Published: January 2024

Object of research: This article discusses language planning and multilingualism in complex environments such as in education.

Investigated problem: The failure in language-in-education policy has raised arguments about the approach that is applied by schools. Using a context-based approach it is argued that success in multilingual education is constrained by various micro, meso and macro factors, usually also referred to as immediate, proximal, and distal circumstances. These are based on language planning and policy.

The main scientific results: The research uses data from three different types of government/public schools. The study involved learners, teachers, parents’ representatives, principals and an educational official through interviews and observations. The study found that there were challenges in the implementation of a schools’ language policy based on different types of schools.

The area of practical use of the research results: The results benefits schools and policy makers since the study recommends a development of a holistic approach and a diversified model that will address specific contexts rather than using one-size-fits-all approach.

Innovative technological product: The language planning approaches in multilingual schools that are investigated in this study provide advise and relevant innovative methods to policy makers, teachers, and parents. There will be an improvement in various learning settings and schools.

Scope of the innovative technological product: The development of Language-in-education policy in 1996 provided a new outlook in language learning and teaching approach in schools. This has created grounds to produce aligned language policies by schools to give effect to the democratic constitution of the country and to provide the choice of language of learning by learners. This shows how the policy is conceptualized and implemented in a multilingual school environment such as in South Africa
Development of a method for increasing the efficiency of decision-making in special purpose systems
Authors: Gaman Oleksandr
Published: January 2024

The object of the research is special purpose systems.

Investigated problem: The experience of operations (combat operations) of recent years shows the growing role of information influence measures on the systems of collection, processing and transmission of special purpose information and decision-making officials.

The main scientific results: The specificity of measures to ensure the information security of the state is that, on the one hand, it is necessary to solve the task of collecting, processing and transmitting information, and on the other hand, it is necessary to counteract measures of information influence on the systems of collecting, processing and transmitting information and decision-making officials.

Victory over a quantitatively superior opponent is possible only if there is a technological advantage over it. One of such technological approaches is the use by the defense forces of Ukraine of the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT)

The essence of this concept involves the use of a large number of sensors, sensors, unmanned aerial vehicles, as well as other technical means (tablets, communication means) combined into a single network, which are united by a common goal of functioning.

The area of practical use of the research results: It is advisable to use the proposed scientific results when conducting research and development works on the creation of intelligent systems for collecting, processing and analyzing information about the special purpose systems, and developing requirements for hardware and software of this type of systems.

Innovative technological product: the proposed method is recommended to be used as part of the software of special-purpose systems. This method is advisable to apply at the stage of assessing the state of special-purpose systems and further making managerial decisions by the persons taking them. Also, the proposed method should be incorporated as an integral part of decision support systems at the stage of analyzing the state of complex technical systems.

Field of application: software, special purpose systems, decision support systems.
BIOCIMENTAÇÃO EM ARGAMASSA POZOLÂNICA CONTENDO MICRORGANISMOS EM MATERIAL ORGÂNICO VEGETAL
Authors: Almeida Jupira , Thomé Antonio , Tonial Fabiana
Published: January 2024

A produção de cimento para o uso na construção civil tem gerado problemas socioambientais, portanto estratégias ecologicamente sustentáveis precisam ser desenvolvidas e implementadas. Em busca dessas soluções, pesquisadores têm utilizado microrganismos em misturas de materiais cimentícios buscando diminuir o uso do cimento Portland. Os microrganismos que produzem a enzima urease são capazes de metabolizar o cálcio quando disponível no meio e produzir calcita, que garante resistência aos materiais. Entretanto, a manutenção da viabilidade dos microrganismos e de sua bioatividade para posterior uso como um material de construção é um obstáculo. Por isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de armazenamento de um isolado de Bacillus sp. em biomassa vegetal e, posteriormente verificar as influências mecânicas deste material em argamassa de metacaulim sem adição de cimento Portland. Para isso, um isolado de Bacillus foi acondicionado em substrato de ervilhaca (Vicia villosa Roth) e, após revitalização, adicionado à mistura pozolânica sem cimento em dois traços diferentes. Os testes conduzidos comprovaram a eficiência da biomassa vegetal como mecanismo de armazenamento do microrganismo. A bactéria manteve sua capacidade de revitalização mesmo após o período de cura da argamassa. Foi desenvolvido um material de baixo custo, fácil manuseio e sustentável.
O USO DA LEI DE PROPAGAÇÃO DE INCERTEZAS E DA ESTATÍSTICA DE WEIBULL NO TRATAMENTO DE DADOS EXPERIMENTAIS DE ENSAIOS MECÂNICOS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Valente de Liz Jessé , Machado Casali Rafael , Salgado Barra Breno , Mikowski Alexandre
Published: January 2024

A determinação de propriedades mecânicas dos materiais com base em campanhas experimentais é de suma importância para as áreas da engenharia e ciência dos materiais, pois é a partir desses indicadores que são realizados os desenvolvimentos dos produtos, elementos estruturais e processos. No entanto, ensaios mecânicos produzem grandezas expressas em valores aproximados, tornando difícil o alcance de valores verdadeiros. Assim sendo, é possível afirmar que os ensaios geram erros e incertezas que são propagados, acarretando a necessidade de aplicar a lei de propagação de incertezas em tais dados experimentais. A estatística de Weibull é uma ferramenta que auxilia no tratamento e análise destas informações, sendo a mais indicada para o estudo de materiais que apresentam tendência dispersiva dos resultados obtidos, como os cerâmicos, por exemplo. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho utilizou técnicas de revisão sistemática da literatura e análise bibliométrica para verificar a aplicação das referidas técnicas relativas ao comportamento mecânico dos materiais, buscando traçar um panorama desse cenário científico. Após a seleção e análise do referencial consultado, foi possível verificar que a lei de propagação de incertezas foi aplicada apenas em um dos artigos pesquisados, demonstrando lacunas no desenvolvimento de publicações neste âmbito científico, indicando um forte nicho de investigação e produção a ser explorado, bem como a estatística de Weibull se mostrou polivalente e eficaz no estabelecimento dos indicadores de tendência.
Kebertahanan Bangunan dengan Adaptif terhadap Lingkungan
Authors: Kusyanto Mohhamad , Koesmartadi Christophorus , Nurhayati B. Resti
Published: January 2024

Title: The Resilience of Buildings with Adaptability to the Environment (Case Study: Tomb of Syekh Mudzakir in Bedono, Sayung, Demak)
 
Coastal areas have the potential to be affected by abrasion and tidal floods. Syekh Mudzakir's grave is in Tambaksari Subvillage, Bedono Village, Sayung Subdistrict, Demak District, and in the coastal area of the North Coast (Pantura) of Java Island. However, the existence of the tomb and its buildings to this day still survives amidst the marine environment that surrounds it. This tomb has become a religious tourism destination in Demak Regency, with the number of tourists increasing. This research aims to determine and explore the resilience of tomb buildings that are adaptive to abrasion and tidal flood environments. This research is field research. Research data uses primary data and secondary data through the results of observations, interviews, and documentation. The research analysis uses qualitative descriptive analysis. This research shows that Syekh Mudzakir's tomb does not float in the middle of the sea. However, the tomb survives adaptively to the environment by adapting the area, building development, building structural systems, and expanding the site to be robust against abrasion and tidal floods. This research concludes that the family and community survive the grave by adapting to the environment and mitigating disasters that befall the grave area.
Otimização de um Plano de Manutenção de Navios por meio de Algoritmos Evolutivos e Inteligência de Enxame
Authors: Ferreira Tiago Paulinelli , Vellasco Marley , Almeida Luciana Faletti , Lazo Lazo Juan Guillermo
Published: January 2024

A otimização da manutenção e operação de equipamentos, sistemas e meios navais tem sido um tópico de estudo há muitos anos, no qual várias técnicas têm sido propostas. Concomitantemente, a busca por algoritmos estocásticos que utilizam computação evolutiva e otimização por enxame de partículas tem sido aplicada com sucesso a problemas de otimização não lineares com grandes espaços de busca de soluções. Este artigo aborda um problema de otimização para os planos de manutenção e operação dos ativos navais da Marinha do Brasil, no qual a computação evolutiva é usada para resolver um problema de otimização com um grande espaço de busca de soluções. Isso envolve a construção de duas a seis embarcações de guerra por mais de meio século. As restrições e parâmetros utilizados não foram encontrados na literatura. Os resultados do modelo evolutivo e da combinação de novos operadores genéticos são inovadores e comprovam que o modelo proposto resulta em planos de manutenção e operação melhores e viáveis em comparação com técnicas previamente utilizadas.
Desenvolvimento de soft sensor para poços de petróleo usando MGGP
Authors: Cunha Bruna , Ferreira Danton Diego , Groenner Barbosa Bruno Henrique
Published: January 2024

Técnicas de inteligência artificial aplicadas em contextos reais como, por exemplo, previsão antecipada de comportamento e detecção de anomalias, podem implicar em redução de custo de manutenção, ações de prevenção de acidentes e falhas, auxílio em tomada de decisão, redução de perdas de produção e financeira, além de identificar pontos para melhoria do processo. Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de aplicação de um soft sensor, utilizando um algoritmo evolutivo, para identificação de comportamento futuros de um sensor de temperatura durante operação de poços surgentes de petróleo. Para isso, primeiramente, são realizadas diversas execuções do algoritmo de programação genética multigênica (MGGP) a fim de identificar quais valores contribuem para um melhor resultado. Apos essa análise e determinação dos par ametros para o MGGP, o soft sensor, baseado em modelo NARX polinomial, e implementado sobre uma base de dados real publica com medições de sensores presentes em poços surgentes de petroleo, entre os períodos de 2017 e 2018. E realizado o treinamento do modelo e validação dos resultados que se mostram satisfatorios, resultando em uma função capaz de representar a dinâmica de operação de um poço surgente de petroleo em operação normal, contribuindo para a implementação de um sistema de detecção de falhas no poço.
Strategies of Elaborating and Implementing Innovation Business-Projects on Crowdfunding
Authors: Lapidus L. V. , Polyakova Yu. M. , Tonoyan V. S.
Published: January 2024

The article studies practice of elaborating and realizing Russian and overseas crowdfunding campaigns of innovation business-projects aimed at finding criteria of their success and identifying their problem zones.The standing of the global market of crowdfunding was analyzed, key principles of raising money on crowdfunding platforms were studied and the most popular categories of projects realized on the biggest platforms in Russia and abroad were identified. On the basis of comparative analysis of processes of crowdfunding campaign realization the authors formulated and checked several hypotheses dealing with strategies of elaborating and realizing crowdfunding projects. During the research in-depth interviews with representatives of platforms and developers of innovative crowdfunding projects were conducted and on their basis criteria of crowdfunding campaign success were defined and challenges of their realization were shown.
Strategic Lines in the Development of Printing Market Entities in the Russian Federation
Authors: Skrug V. S. , Tishkina A. V.
Published: January 2024

The topic of the research is acute, which is envisaged by the demand for printing products in all spheres of society: political, cultural, economic, etc.

   During the last decades serious changes took place on printing market, which made entities of the market revise their strategies. The article studies dynamics of printing market development and itsspecific features in the Russian Federation. The current trends on the printing service market were identified and key reasons for changing the situation on the market were investigated. The authors came to the conclusion that Russian printing houses gained serious experience in overcoming crisis situations, such as the system crisis connected with replacement of periodicals and books by e-publications and the crisis caused by COVID-19 epidemic and large-scale economic sanctions introduced in 2022. They put forward strategic lines in the development of printing market entities with regard to identified trends of market development.
Standardization as Way of Raising Efficiency of Power Enterprises in Conditions of Digital Transformation
Authors: Myasnikova O. Yu. , Andreeva T. A.
Published: January 2024

Automation and digitalization in all types of activity is a growing trend of economy development today. It causes evolution of technological processes, where man still takes part. A necessary condition of the efficient functioning of enterprises is standardization, which provides a way of storing, transfer and accumulation of knowledge and continuous improvement of processes. Work in program complexes maintaining technology requires a new method of standard visualization. The article reviews methods of standardization at power enterprises and provides recommendations aimed at their introduction and use in managing the production system in conditions of digitalization. The authors studied problems of effective visualization, put forward a new type of standards in the form of video, identified benefits and drawbacks of video-standards. Apart from that, a model of digital architecture for storing and safe-keeping documents at enterprises was presented and the effect of using standards at power enterprises was demonstrated.
Approach to Choosing Communication Strategies of Social Projects Based on Indistinct Liguistic Method
Authors: Loginova Ju. V. , Loginov I. V.
Published: January 2024

Communication strategies of promoting goods, services and brands form an integral part of marketing strategies. Resolving the problem of choosing communication strategy is based on expert opinion of one or several specialists, whose position can be taken by professionals in promotion of commercial and social goods. The goal is to choose the best alternative of conducting communication campaigns based on its potential effectiveness. The article uses mathematic tools of fluctuating set of indistinct linguistic terms in order to resolve the problem of choosing communication strategy for social projects. On this basis the task was formulated for decision-making concerning the choice of marketing strategy in conditions of uncertainty and an example was provided for choosing communication strategy of promoting a social project. As an example of using these tools the inter-regional literature camping ‘War and Peace’ was studied, where a multitude of 3 alternatives was formed, expert opinions in the form of linguistic expressions were obtained and the multitude of alternatives was regulated on the basis of non-dominant strategy. Findings of the research show possibility to use indistinct linguistic computing model for decision-making in marketing.
Estimación de la disposición a pagar en el Brunas usando modelos Logit aplicados a datos balanceados con el algoritmo Rose
Authors: López de Castilla Vásquez Carlos , Porras Cerrón Jaime , Villar Morales Gesabel
Published: January 2024

Uno de los métodos de valoración económica más conocidos es denominado valoración contingente. En su aplicación, los encuestados responden una pregunta sobre su disposición a pagar (DAP) por el uso y preservación de un bien público. Sin embargo, este método tiene una seria limitación relacionada con la posibilidad de obtener sesgo hipotético, debido a la falta de honestidad en las respuestas, lo que produce un desbalance en el tamaño de los grupos de respuestas negativas (no dispuestas a pagar) y positivas (dispuestas a pagar). Utilizando datos de valoración contingente del Bosque Reservado de la Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva (BRUNAS), se calculó la DAP utilizando diferentes modelos de regresión logística binaria. El primer modelo se obtuvo considerando el conjunto original de datos con grupos no balanceados. El segundo modelo se estimó luego de aplicar el algoritmo ROSE, que permitió balancear los grupos a través de la generación de datos sintéticos. Después de aplicar ROSE, el modelo obtenido logró una estimación más realista de la DAP y de su error estándar lo que resultó en intervalos de confianza con menor amplitud en comparación con el modelo inicial.
Cooperativismo cafetalero orgánico, comercio justo y Estado: las promesas aúnincumplidas en la sostenibilidad de la Amazonía peruana
Authors: Chávez Achong Julio
Published: January 2024

La posibilidad de la caficultura en la Amazonía peruana para transformarse en una producción sostenible tiene como condición que se altere limitadamente el bosque y, en lo posible, que se regeneren sus funciones ecológicas. Para ello, es indispensable no solo tener leyes y normas delimitantes sino, sobre todo, la determinación de los actores sociales para desenvolverse de esa manera al momento de resolver problemas prácticos. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo conocer, en una situación de acción específica —la coyuntura crítica fitosanitaria causada por el hongo de la roya amarilla del café (Hemileia vastatrix) en la segunda década del presente siglo—, el comportamiento de los principales actores, especialmente de los cooperativistas cafetaleros orgánicos en interacción con el Estado y los organismos del comercio justo de la cuenca del Perené, en la selva central de Perú. El resultado, que analiza datos provenientes de una encuesta representativa y proviene de entrevistas a múltiples actores y de información secundaria, muestra que, aun cuando la producción de café de las cooperativas agrarias cafetaleras posee certificaciones, según las reglas orgánicas, del comercio justo y de cultivos asociados con árboles (del género inga, principalmente), una parte de los socios reproduce las tendencias a la deforestación, lo cual afecta la sostenibilidad.
Fiber Technology in Drug Delivery and Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Dhoundiyal Shivang , Sharma Aditya , Alam Md. Aftab
Published: January 2024

The field of fiber technology is a dynamic and innovative domain that offers novel solutions
for controlled and targeted therapeutic interventions. This abstract provides an overview of key
aspects within this field, encompassing a range of techniques, applications, commercial developments,
intellectual property, and regulatory considerations. The foundational introduction establishes
the significance of fiber-based drug delivery systems. Electrospinning, a pivotal technique, has been
explored in this paper, along with its various methods and applications. Monoaxial, coaxial, triaxial,
and side-by-side electrospinning techniques each offer distinct advantages and applications. Centrifugal
spinning, solution and melt blowing spinning, and pressurized gyration further contribute to the
field's diversity. The review also delves into commercial advancements, highlighting marketed products
that have successfully harnessed fiber technology. The role of intellectual property is acknowledged,
with patents reflecting the innovative strides in fiber-based drug delivery. The regulatory perspective,
essential for ensuring safety and efficacy, is discussed in the context of global regulatory
agencies' evaluations. This review encapsulates the multidimensional nature of fiber technology in
drug delivery and pharmaceuticals, showcasing its potential to revolutionize medical treatments and
underscores the importance of continued collaboration between researchers, industry, and regulators
for its advancement.
Association between Plasma Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Level and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: You Jiaxing , Wang Yinan , Chang Xinyue , Liu Yi , He Yu , Zhou Xiya , Zou Jinyan , Xiao Meng , Shi Mengyao , Guo Daoxia , Shen Ouxi , Zhu Zhengbao
Published: January 2024

Background:

High brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations have
been found to be associated with a decreased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in observational
studies, but the causality for this association remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to examine
the association between genetically determined plasma BDNF levels and AD using a two-sample
Mendelian randomization (MR) method.

Methods:

Twenty single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with plasma BDNF concentrations
were identified as genetic instruments based on a genome-wide association study with
3301 European individuals. Summary-level data on AD were obtained from the International
Genomics of Alzheimer’s Project, involving 21,982 AD cases and 41,944 controls of European
ancestry. To evaluate the relationship between plasma BDNF concentrations and AD, we employed
the inverse-variance weighted method along with a series of sensitivity analyses.

Results:

The inverse-variance weighted MR analysis showed that genetically determined BDNF
concentrations were associated with a decreased risk of AD (odds ratio per SD increase, 0.91;
95% confidence interval, 0.86-0.96; p =0.001). The association between plasma BDNF concentrations
and AD was further confirmed through sensitivity analyses using different MR methods,
and MR-Egger regression suggested no directional pleiotropy for this association.

Conclusion:

Genetically determined BDNF levels were associated with a decreased risk of AD,
suggesting that BDNF was implicated in the development of AD and might be a promising target
for the prevention of AD.
Correlation of Circadian Rhythms and Improvement of Depressive
Symptoms in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Ding Yue , Chen Shengnan , Sun Qian , Han Fei , Chen Rui , Li Jie
Published: January 2024

Objectives:

To investigate the correlation between evening melatonin timing secretion,
dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), and post-stroke depression (PSD) in acute ischemic
stroke patients and their influence on the improvement of depressive symptoms.

Materials and Methods:

120 patients with a recent magnetic resonance imaging confirmed
stroke were included. Salivary melatonin samples were collected at 5 time points within 1 week
after hospitalization (7 p.m.-11 p.m., 1 sample per hour). The circadian phase was defined by
calculating DLMO secretion. Post-stroke depressive symptoms were evaluated by the 17-item
Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) both on day 7 of hospitalization and 3 months
after stroke. Patients were divided into PSD and non-PSD groups based on whether the acute
phase HRSD score was ≥8. Similarly, patients were divided into the improved depressive symptoms
(IDS) and no improvement in depressive symptoms (non-IDS) groups based on whether
the HRSD score at 3 months was lower than at baseline. Neurological recovery at 3 months was
assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS).

Results:

The difference in DLMO between PSD and non-PSD patients was not statistically significant
(p =0.173). In the non-IDS group, there was a significant decrease in melatonin secretion
at 10 p.m. (p =0.012), and DLMO was significantly later than in the IDS group (p =0.017).
Logistic regression analysis showed that DLMO (OR 1.91, 95%CI:1.13-3.23, p = 0.016) was an
independent risk factor for persistent no improvement in depressive symptoms, which was associated
with a markedly worse prognosis (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest possible interventions for the very early identification of non-
IDS patients.
P-coumaric Acid: Advances in Pharmacological Research Based on
Oxidative Stress
Authors: Chen Feixiang , Zhang Xinxin , Wang Junxiang , Wang Fukai , Mao Jinlong
Published: January 2024

P-coumaric acid is an important phenolic compound that is mainly found in fruits, vegetables,
grains, and fungi and is also abundant in Chinese herbal medicines. In this review, the
pharmacological research progress of p-coumaric acid in recent years was reviewed, with emphasis
on its role and mechanism in oxidative stress-related diseases, such as inflammation, cardiovascular
diseases, diabetes, and nervous system diseases. Studies have shown that p-coumaric acid
has a positive effect on the prevention and treatment of these diseases by inhibiting oxidative
stress. In addition, p-coumaric acid also has anti-tumor, antibacterial, anti-aging skin and other
pharmacological effects. This review will provide reference and inspiration for further research on
the pharmacological effects of p-coumaric acid.
Synthesis of Methyl N-phenylcarbamate Derivatives by Xphos Pd G2
Catalyzed Intermolecular Amidation Reaction
Authors: Shi Yan-fen , Wu Zheng , Mou Jie , Yuan Hong-hua
Published: January 2024

The utilization of palladium catalysts in cross-coupling reactions has emerged as a highly
promising method for the facile formation of aryl C-N bonds, operating under mild conditions. In
this study, we present an efficient approach for the synthesis of methyl N-phenyl carbamate derivatives
through the intermolecular amidation of aryl chlorides, catalyzed by Xphos Pd G2. The developed
protocol has demonstrated remarkable efficacy, offering several advantages. Notably, the intermolecular
amidation reaction exhibited good chemoselectivity, allowing for the precise targeting
of desired C-N bond formations while maintaining the integrity of other functional groups. Additionally,
this methodology showcases exceptional functional group compatibility, accommodating a
diverse array of moieties, including sensitive groups that are traditionally challenging to handle. The
Xphos Pd G2 catalyst has proven to be instrumental in orchestrating this transformation, exhibiting
high catalytic activity and selectivity. Furthermore, this protocol stands out for its operational simplicity,
making it a practical choice for synthetic chemists seeking a straightforward and reliable
route to access methyl N-phenyl carbamate derivatives. Overall, this study not only expands the synthetic
toolbox for C-N bond formations, but also underscores the significance of palladium-catalyzed
methodologies in modern organic synthesis. The reported findings hold substantial promise for applications
in medicinal chemistry and material science, where the facile construction of aryl C-N
bonds is of paramount importance.
Structure-based Drug Design of New Cinnamic Acid Derivatives as
Tyrosinase Inhibitors
Authors: Yousefnejad Fayezeh , Sayahi Mohammad Hossein , Moazzam Ali , Gholami Fatemeh , Tanideh Nader , Irajie Cambyz , Tayebi Helia , Rasekh Fatemeh , Larijani Bagher , Tehrani Maliheh Barazandeh , Mahdavi Mohammad , Iraji Aida
Published: January 2024

Tyrosinase is a critical enzyme responsible for pigmentation disorders, and tyrosinase inhibition
is an established strategy to treat hyperpigmentation. In the current study, cinnamic acidbased
derivatives were designed and synthesized. All synthesized compounds were confirmed using
IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and CNH analysis. The inhibitory potencies of all derivatives against tyrosinase
were determined, and it was shown that 5m bearing para-chloro moiety exhibits an IC50 value
of 77.62 μmol/L. Analysis of enzyme kinetic studies revealed that 5m is an uncompetitive inhibitor.
In silico studies against tyrosinase predicted possible binding mode in the pocket such that 5m
formed critical interactions with both Cu co-factors within the binding site. This study presents the
potential of aryl-substituted cinnamic acids that can benefit various cosmetic formulations as depigmentation
agents.
Celecoxib Catalyzed the Coupling Reaction of Epoxide and CO2
Authors: Wu Ling , Xia Xiaocheng , An Wenying , Cui Wenshan , Liu Yue , Lv Wei , Wu Fengtian
Published: January 2024

In this study, high yields of various cyclic carbonates are obtained by employing the
drug celecoxib to promote the coupling reaction of CO2 and epoxide using tetrabutylammonium
bromide. This strategy enables the synthesis of benzoic acid, phenylpropiolic acid, and 2, 4-
quinazolinedione. In addition, the model reaction mechanism is proposed.
Synthesis of N1-caffeoyl-N10-dihydrocaffeoylspermidine (Scotanamine D)
Authors: Ji Jingwen , Iqbal epub , Li Liuyan , Sun Jian , Zhou Pengjuan , Zhai Lijuan , He Lili , Tang Dong , Ji Jinbo , Yang Haikang , Yang Zhixiang
Published: January 2024

N1-caffeoyl-N10-dihydrocaffeoylspermidine (Scotanamine D), a spermidine alkaloid
isolated from various plants, is a medicinally valuable natural product. Recent studies have pointed
out several health benefits of this compound. However, its synthetic procedures are still not described
in the literature. We report the synthesis of this compound following two different schemes
comprising multiple steps with excellent overall yields, which are 57% and 81%, respectively. These
two synthetic schemes, which use commercially available and cheaper starting materials, can facilitate
the large-scale manufacturing of Scotanamine D.
Intensive Care Unit Management of Right Heart Failure and Lung
Transplantation for Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Beale Anna , Safavi Sahideh , Granton John
Published: January 2024

:

Pulmonary hypertension is associated with worse outcomes across systemic and cardiopulmonary
conditions. Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction often leads to poor outcomes due to
a progressive increase in RV afterload. Recognition and management of RV dysfunction are important
to circumvent hospitalization and improve patient outcomes. Early recognition of patients
at risk for RV failure is important to ensure that medical therapy is optimized and, where appropriate,
referral for lung transplant assessment is undertaken. Patients initiated on parenteral prostanoids
and those with persistent intermediate to high risk for poor outcomes should be referred.
For patients with RV failure, identifying reversible causes should be a priority in conjunction with
efforts to optimize RV preload and strategies to reduce RV afterload. Admission to a monitored
environment where vasoactive medications can treat RV failure and its sequelae, such as renal dysfunction,
is essential in patients with severe RV failure.
Exit strategies need to be identified early on, with consideration and implementation of extracorporeal
support for those in whom recovery or transplantation are viable options. Enlisting the skills
and support of a palliative care team may improve the quality of life for patients with limited options
and those with ongoing symptoms from heart failure in the face of medical treatments.
Arrhythmias and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Unravelling the
Connection
Authors: Aggarwal Kanishk , Boyapati Sri Pranvi , Valecha Jayesh , Noor Amna , Kanwal Fnu , Jain Rohit , Kanagala Sai Gautham
Published: January 2024

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) results from gene mutations affecting cardiac
sarcomeres and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. With a prevalence of 1:200-1:500
in the general population, HCM is characterised by a hypertrophied and non-dilated left ventricle
with predominant involvement of the interventricular septum. The myocardium's structural and
intracellular factors, combined with triggers such as physical exertion, autonomic dysfunction,
and ischemia, can lead to reentry events, and atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, including atrial
fibrillation (AF) which is common among HCM patients. To manage the increased risk of mortality
arising from congestive heart failure and thromboembolism, in patients with AF long-term
anticoagulation and antiarrhythmic drugs are employed. HCM patients may also encounter supraventricular
and ventricular arrhythmias, such as nonsustained ventricular tachycardia and
ventricular premature beats, which can potentially lead to sudden cardiac death and necessitate
treatment with implanted defibrillators. Physicians must comprehensively analyse clinical, anatomical,
hemodynamic, rhythmic, functional, and genetic characteristics to identify HCM patients
at high risk of sudden death. This article aims to discuss the pathophysiology of arrhythmia
in HCM and clinical recommendations for various ventricular and atrial fibrillation including
catheter ablation and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).
A Comparative Approach to the Legitimacy of Uterine Surrogacy in Jurisprudence in Iran and Some Muslim Countries in the Middle East, A Systematic Review
Authors: Parvizi Sahar , Ghodrati Fatemeh
Published: January 2024

Background:

A surrogate uterus is one of the methods of artificial reproduction in the
treatment of infertility that has profound consequences in religion, law, ethics and society and is
done with the intervention of a third party. This research provides a general overview of jurisprudential
legitimacy in the field of surrogacy in some Middle Eastern countries (Turkey, Lebanon,
Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Palestine) in comparison to Iran in order to fill the research
gap as much as possible.

Objective:

A comparative approach to the legitimacy of uterine surrogacy in jurisprudence in Iran
and some Muslim countries in the Middle East.

Method:

This review article was conducted from November 2022 to April 2023 in order to examine
the comparative rights of surrogacy in Iran and some Middle Eastern countries from studies
published between 1970-2021 in the reliable database and other jurisprudential texts.

Results:

The majority of Sunni Muslim countries have announced the prohibition of surrogacy
and the invalidity of contracts concluded in this regard. In Iran, with religious permission, it has
had more social acceptance, and jurists and jurists prescribe surrogacy contracts. However, the legislator's
silence in this regard will have an effect on the emergence of different procedures in different
regions of Iran.

Conclusion:

Basically, increasing the adoption and implementation of surrogate pregnancy in different
societies of the Middle East requires more jurisprudential and legal efforts. So that the couples
involved in this type of fertility and the children born are kept safe from possible harm.
Investigating the Effectiveness of Mindfulness Education on the Happiness of Women with Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Using Social Media: An Educational Study
Authors: Vakilian Katayon , Hojjati Najafabadi Sara , Ghaemmaghami Mehrnoush , Zmanian Maryam , Beigi Marjan
Published: January 2024

Aim:

Numerous studies have investigated the effectiveness of mindfulness meditation
education on the improvement of physical and mental conditions in women. However, there is
limited information about the effects of mindfulness counseling on happiness.

Background:

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) causes not only physical problems in women but also
mental problems, such as reduced levels of happiness.

Objectives:

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the mindfulness meditation approach
on the happiness of women with underlying premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

Methods:

The sample size was estimated by power of 90%, confidence interval of 95%, δ1=
6.07and δ2 = 5.11, μ1= 23.05,μ2=19.01, Z1- β= 1.28, Z1- α/2 =1.96 and α = 0.05, the total number
of the subjects was 112 respondents (56 in intervention and 56 in the control groups). One hundred
twelve participants who had PMS in one interventional-educational study were randomly selected
from the health centers in Isfahan. The samples were divided into two groups: intervention
and control groups. The intervention group received eight 60-minute sessions of mindfulness education
using Google Meet. They taught meditation in a sitting position for 1-10 minutes by using
sounds and thoughts as the center of attention, applying the attention technique with a focus on
body movements while breathing, and doing yoga and relaxing the muscles to relieve stress. The
control group received no intervention. The data were collected using the demographic characteristics
questionnaire and the Oxford Happiness questionnaire three times (before, immediately, and
one month after the intervention). SPSS 23, chi-square, independent t-test, and repeated measure
ANOVA were used to analyze the data.

Results:

There was a significant increase in the mean score of happiness in the intervention group
immediately and one month after the intervention (P=0.0001).

Conclusion:

It was found that mindfulness education was effective on the level of happiness in
women with PMS; therefore, this intervention can be used to improve the level of happiness in women
with PMS.
Chitosan-grafted Cyclodextrin via Click Chemistry as an Encapsulating
Agent to Enhance the Antibacterial Activity of Thymol
Authors: Ez-zoubi Amine , El Hachlafi Naoufal , Ez Zoubi Yassine , Zaroual Hicham , Moustaid Wafae , Sghyar Riham , Farah Abdellah
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

This paper aimed to investigate, for the first time, the possibility of increasing the antibacterial activities of thymol (TH) by developing an encapsulating agent based
on chitosan-grafted cyclodextrin. For this purpose, β-cyclodextrin was monosubstituted at position 6 via propargyl bromide, and chitosan’s amine groups were converted to azide functions.
After alkylation and diazotization reactions, the grafting of β-cyclodextrin onto the chitosan (CSβCD) was realized via click chemistry alkyne–azide cycloaddition.

Methods:

The incorporation of TH into chitosan-grafted β-cyclodextrin (TH/CS-βCD) was performed by the freeze-drying method, and the encapsulation efficiency was investigated based on
various mass ratios (TH:CS-βCD). The optimized inclusion complex was then thoroughly examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Results:

The antibacterial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus,
and Bacillus subtilis using broth-microdilution assay. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
analysis demonstrated the successful grafting of β-cyclodextrin onto chitosan since the optimum
mass ratio between TH and CS-βCD was 1:8 (w:w), corresponding to 78 ± 3.42% of encapsulation efficiency, while SEM, XRD, TGA and DSC confirmed the establishment of TH/CS-βCD
inclusion complexes.

Conclusion:

The in vitro investigation showed that TH/CS-βCD exhibited higher antibacterial
properties compared to TH in free form.
Design of Cyclobut-3-Ene-1,2 Dione Derivatives as Anti-tubercular Agents
Authors: Ramalakshmi N. , Bhuvaneshwaran K. , Prabakaran A. , Thulasiraman N.J. , Bhavani M. , Aysvaryah R. , Arunkumar S.
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Recent studies have shown modified cyclobutene derivatives as potent anti-
tubercular agents, and the discovery of drugs against strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is still
a crucial challenge in the modern world.

Objective:

The objective of the present study is to design and perform molecular docking studies
and in-silico analysis of some novel cyclobut-3-ene-1,2 Dione derivatives with the aim of creating
new, potential Mtb ATP synthase inhibitors.

Materials and Methods:

The structures of 24 compounds of diamino-substituted cyclobut-3-ene-1,2
Dione derivatives against Mtb ATP synthase were drawn using ChemSketch. Further, molecular
docking and in-silico studies for the prediction of drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic parameters
were carried out.

Results:

The docking studies of the novel compounds were done, and they had a better docking
score with a good binding affinity towards the protein molecule. The synthesized compounds also
comply with the in-silico prediction of drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic parameters and have
shown good activity against Mtb ATP synthase.

Conclusion:

The current study shows that the cyclobut-3-ene-1,2 Dione derivatives can serve as a
better lead molecule against Mtb ATP synthase and can be involved in further drug discovery
Determination of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Icotinib in Rat Plasma using
UPLC-MS/MS and its Application In vivo Pharmacokinetic
Authors: Zhao Xuewei , Li Ruoyang , Feng Zhangying , Chen Shanshan , Liang Yu , Gao Jinglin , Wang Mingxia
Published: January 2024

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to develop a UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of icotinib concentrations in blood plasma.

Methods:

For plasma sample preparation, protein precipitation with acetonitrile was utilized. Analytes
were separated on a Kinetex C18 column using 10 mM ammonium acetate containing 0.2% formic
acid and methanol (30:70) as the mobile phase, with a gradient flow rate ranging from 0.2 ml·min-1
to 0.4 ml·min-1. The total chromatographic analysis duration was 4.5 minutes. The UPLC system
was connected to a mass spectrometer via an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface operated in positive ion mode. Mass monitoring was conducted in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes, with
precursor-to-product transitions being m/z 392.06→304.07 for icotinib and m/z 248.00→120.09 for
the internal standard, tinidazole. This method has been used for a pharmacokinetic study in rats that
were orally administered a single dose of 30 mg/kg icotinib.

Results:

The assay showed good linearity over concentration ranges of 1-1000 ng/ml for icotinib, with
the correlation coefficient exceeding 0.99. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was established
at 1 ng/ml. Both intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD, %) were below 8.23%. The results demonstrated that stability, matrix effect, extraction recovery, carryover effect and dilution stability were
all within the acceptable conditions. The primary pharmacokinetic parameters in SD rats after oral
administration of icotinib (30 mg·kg-1
) were as follows: t1/2 = (2.92 ± 0.87)h, Cmax = (2168.65 ±
268.72)ng/ml, Tmax = (0.70 ± 0.27)h, AUC=(9.69 ± 1.95)ug/mL•h, Vd = (14.51 ± 5.60)L, and CL
= (3.19 ± 0.59)L/h.

Conclusion:

A simple and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the
determination of icotinib in pharmacokinetic studies.