bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and biochemical outcome of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome managed with life style modification or combination with metformin
Authors: Nabi Md Masud Un , Pathan Md Faruque , Barua Milton , Kabir Md Mahmudul , Alam Md Jahangir , Jannut Khandker Mahbuba
Published: February 2020

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder with diverse reproductive and metabolic features. It is caused by insulin resistance that is exacerbated by obesity. Lifestyle modification is the first line treatment in PCOS, but it is associated with low adherence and sustainability. In small studies, metformin improves outcomes such as menstrual cycle problem, reduces the features of hyperandrogenism (hirsutism) and metabolic parameters (lipid profile). This study aimed to compare clinical and biochemical outcome of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome managed with life style modification or combination with metformin.

Methods: This prospective interventional study was carried out at Endocrine OPD, BIRDEM, from November 2016 to March 2018. Newly detected cases of PCOS were taken as study sample. Sampling technique was purposive and then randomly selected into two groups; Group A (n=40) with lifestyle modification and Group B (n=40) with lifestyle modification plus metformin (500mg TDS). The clinical [weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, menstrual problem, hirsutism) and biochemical [serum testosterone, LH, FSH, fasting lipid profile] outcome of intervention with lifestyle modification and combination with metformin was studied.

Results: Baseline characteristics of both groups had no significant difference. After 12 months, there was significant improvement in hirsutism, menstrual problem and significant decrease in weight, BMI, waist circumference in both groups. Among hormonal profile there was significant reduction of testosterone in Group B (p=0.01), whereas LH, FSH and LH: FSH ratio showed no significant difference. There was significant improvement of HDL (in both groups) and reduction of triglyceride (TG) (p=0.005, in group B). Outcome differences between two groups had shown significant improvement in weight, BMI, testosterone, HDL, TG level and on menstrual regulation. But there was no significant difference in waist and Ferriman-Gallwayscore in between groups.

Conclusion: lifestyle management is the first and most important step in the management of PCOS and addition of metformin to lifestyle modification appears to provide additional advantages. These results suggest the combination of lifestyle with metformin has a role to play in weight management: a key concern for women with PCOS. Addition of metformin also causes reduction of TG and testosterone, which is vital for PCOS management and found in this study.

Birdem Med J 2020; 10(1): 26-33
Justification of Cesarean section in fetal distress: Experience in a tertiary care military hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Khanum Shakila , Chowdhury Liza
Published: February 2020

Background: The trend of Caesarean section (CS) carried out is rising worldwide. One of the most common indications of CS is fetal distress which is based on the cardiotocograph (CTG) recording, abnormal fetal heart rate pattern and meconium stained liquor. The aim of this study was to carry out an audit of CS performed due to fetal distress in a tertiary care military hospital with a view to justify the methods for diagnosis of fetal distress to fetal outcome.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out over a period of 1 year and 6 months (July 2013 to January 2015) in the Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka. All pregnant women at or beyond 37 weeks of gestation who underwent CS for fetal distress were included. Neonatal outcome were assessed based on APGAR score and neonatal intensive care admission.

Results: Among the 260 (100%) women who underwent CS due to fetal distress, mean age was 27.8 ± 5.3 years. More than half (54.6%) of the women were primigravida. Majority (48%) of the patients presented with spontaneous onset of labor and in 43% cases labor was induced by medical methods. In the majority (40%) of the patients, fetal distress was diagnosed by seeing abnormal patterns in CTG. During CS, signs of fetal distress was found in the majority (64.6%) of the patients (meconium stained liquor 42.3%, cord abnormality 13.5% and placental abnormality 8.8%). APGAR score of the newborn babies was abnormal (<7) in the majority (60%) cases. More than half of the newborn babies required admission in neonatal intensive care unit for different diagnosis. There was only 4 (1.5%) cases of neonatal death.

Conclusion: The rate of CS for fetal distress in this study was comparable to other study findings and within recommendation of WHO. The high rate of identifiable causes of fetal distress as well as neonatal outcome justifies doing CS in these cases.

Birdem Med J 2020; 10(1): 60-63
Spontaneous muscle hematoma complicating dengue hemorrhagic fever: a case report
Authors: Haque Hasna Fahmima , Ahmed AKM Shaheen , Bashar Fuad Bin , Anjum Rizwana
Published: February 2020

Dengue is endemic in Bangladesh and is an emerging infection in many parts of the world. Its clinical manifestations are wide spectrum, may present as mild fever to shock. Muscle hematomas are rare complications in dengue hemorrhagic fever. We report a case of 21-year-old male with dengue hemorrhagic fever who developed right sided iliacus muscle hematoma. He presented with fever, progressive thrombocytopenia and evidence of plasma leakage. During the recovery phase, he developed severe pain in right hip during movement. Diagnosis was confirmed by pelvic computed-tomography scan and he was managed conservatively.

Birdem Med J 2020; 10(1): 76-77
Skeletal Manifestations in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
Authors: Begum Mahmuda , Fatmi LE , Islam Khandaker Tarequl , Mehnaz Syeda , Huda SM Shamsul , Rahman Farhana
Published: February 2020

Background: Skeletal manifestations associated with ALL in children are common findings with a high prevalence (11.6 to 50%). The most common skeletal manifestations are bone pain, arthritis, failure to use an extremity as well as other complaints mimicking orthopedic condition such as osteomyelitis. The objective of this study is to determine the rate of skeletal manifestations commonly present in ALL to reduce mortality and morbidity.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of Pediatrics in Dhaka medical college Hospital, BSMMU and Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital between January 2010 to July 2010. Total Fifty patients of ALL were Selected consecutively from the study population. At first, we assessed skeletal manifestations like bone pain, arthritis, radiological findings present or not in ALL. Then specify the rate of bone pain, arthritis, radiological findings of ALL patients.

Results: After six months 35 patients were present with skeletal manifestations. Among them 20 patients, presented with bone pain,10 patients presented with arthritis and 5 patients presented with radiological manifestations. Out of 5 patients 3 patients had soft tissue swelling 1 patient had periarticular osteoporosis and 1 patient had joint effusion in x-ray findings.

Conclusion: Skeletal manifestations may be the only presentation in ALL.

Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (2) :102-105
Notes and News Vol.43(2)
Authors: Editor The
Published: February 2020

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (2) :133
Corrigendum Vol.43(2)
Authors: Mridha Md Al Amin
Published: February 2020

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (2) : 134
Demography and symptom severity of obsessive compulsive disorder in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional observation
Authors: Algin Sultana , Sajib Mohammad Waliul Hasnat , Arafat SM Yasir
Published: February 2020

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common disorder and usually runs a chronic course with waxing and waning course. It leads to pervasive impairments in multiple domains of life. The aim of the study was to assess the demographic characteristics of the OCD patients and symptom severity of this disorder. This was a cross-sectional study done in OCD clinic of outpatient department (OPD) of BSMMU, during the period from May, 2015 to April, 2017. Four hundred patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected consecutively. After taking written consent a predetermined questionnaire was filled for each patient through face-to-face interview. Then patients were evaluated covering the following areas: Axis I diagnoses (DSM-IV) and Y-BOCS severity scale. The results showed that, the mean age of the respondents was 26.6 (SD±9.9) years, ranging from 8 to 63 years. According to Y-BOCS symptoms severity used for adult patients found that majority (70%) of the patients had moderate to severe sufferings. Male had co-morbid anxiety disorders (panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia) more but female patients were found more depressive disorders. Female had more hypothyroidism, diabetes, skin disorders and hypertension than male. These demographic status, co-morbidity profile and symptoms severity can serve as the baseline data for a country like Bangladesh and further large scale, multi-centered study would better generalize the study results.

Bang J Psychiatry December 2016; 30(2): 23-26
Tourette’s disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder: a case report
Authors: Karim Muhammad Enayeth , Ruhie Zeenat Parvin , Mostofa Kazi Dider A , Islam Mohammad Shafiul , Roy Susmita
Published: February 2020

Tourette’s disorder is a childhood onset neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics for at least one year in duration. Occasionally this disorder may be associated with obsessive compulsive disorder. This case was presented here to demonstrate the co-occurrence of these two disorders as well as the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment for the improvement of the condition. The case report described the history of a 21 years old male patient with 7 years history of Tourette’s disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder. He was seriously disabled by his symptoms that necessitated thorough evaluation to exclude causes, differential diagnoses and or any other co morbidities. Treatment with fluoxetine 60 mg daily and quitiapine 100 mg daily in divided dose improved his symptoms and he was able to return his functional life, that he had been mislaid because of his illness.

Bang J Psychiatry June 2017; 31(1): 24-26
Pattern of psychiatric morbidity among referred inpatients in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Jahan Nasim , Maruf Mohammad Muntasir , Kauser Sharmin , Sarkar Mekhala , Sarker Md Masud Rana , Begum Anwara
Published: February 2020

There is a dearth of studies related to consultation-liaison psychiatry in Bangladesh. The psychiatric referral rates in this country are very low, considering the higher rates of psychiatric morbidity in patients who attend various departments of a general hospital. This was a descriptive study consisting of all the cases referred for psychiatric consultation from inpatient units of various departments of BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka from July 2017 to June 2018. Patients of any age and of either gender were included. A total of 673 patients (1.97% of total admission) were referred from different departments of the hospital for psychiatric consultation within the study period. Majority of the respondents were female. The mean age of the respondents was 59.47 (±1.98) years. Among the referred, Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was the diagnosis in 24.96%, followed by Major depressive disorder (MDD) in 9.95% cases. Referral from the department of Medicine and allied was 92.86 %, followed by department of Surgery and allied (6.38%) & department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (0.74%). Frequency of referral was the lowest in the months of November to January. There is a need to encourage multi-disciplinary interaction in the management of patients who attend general hospitals, so as to better identify the psychiatric morbidity.

Bang J Psychiatry December 2017; 31(2): 38-42
Predator performance of Coccinella transversalis and its molecular identification
Authors: Sarker Susmita , Howlader Abdul Jabber , Rain Faria Farhana , Md Aslam Abu Faiz
Published: February 2020

Predatory efficacy of Coccinella transversalis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on three detrimental agriculturally important aphids (Aphis craccivora, A. fabae and A. gossypii) was studied under laboratory condition. The 4th instar larvae of C. transversalis consumed highest (21.56 ± 1.72) number of A. craccivora aphids followed by A. fabae (12.33 ± 1.74) and A. gossypii (13.99 ± 0.77). Life cycle studies of C. transversalis on the above three aphid species revealed that it took maximum (27.66 ± 3.06) days to complete life cycle while reared on A. craccivora followed by A. fabae (25.66 ± 0.58 days) and A. gossypii (22.33 ± 1.52 days) respectively. As C. transversalis is a potential predator, an attempt was taken to identify this biological control agent based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COI) gene sequence. Sequenced gene was submitted to the NCBI GenBank database (Accession NO. MG 587947.1) followed by proper procedure. Phylogenetic relationship of the beetle was constructed based on mitochondrial COI gene. The nucleotide composition analysis revealed that the value of A+T (69.3%) was greater than G+C (30.7%). Such study of C. transversalis would be helpful in biological control programme of aphid pest.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 229-241, 2019
Occurrence of parasites in domestic ducks from rural areas of Narayanganj
Authors: Begum Aleya , Mukutmoni Mandira , Akter Farjana , Sehrin Subrina
Published: February 2020

Thirty six domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) were examined to observe the occurrence of ecto and endoparasites. Altogether seven species of ectoparasites namely Anaticola crassicornis, Lipeurus caponis, Goniocotes hologaster, Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus stramineus, Holomenopon leucpxanthum and Dermanyssus gallinae were observed and identified. L. caponis showed the highest prevalence both in male and female (100%). Mean intensity of A. crassicornis in female ducks was the highest (14.5 ± 2.36) followed by L. caponis (12.5 ± 3.21). The lowest mean intensity was of G. hologaster (2.5 ± 1.41) in male ducks. Prevalence of D. gallinae was higher in male (62.5%) than in female (40%). The maximum percentage of ectoparasites was recovered from wing feather (38.62) followed by trunk (23.85) and skin (23.44). Among the endoparasites, the occurrence of cestodes (77.78%) was the highest with the topmost intensity (51.43 ± 4.88). The highest prevalence was of Hymenolepis columbae and Hymenolepis diminuta (60%). Echinoparyphium recurvatum, Echinostoma revolutum and Tracheohilus sisowi showed the similar prevalence (30%) in male ducks. Patagifer bilobus showed the peak mean intensity in both the male and female ducks. Only one species of nematode, Ascaridia galli was recovered. The maximum endohelminths were found in the small intestine (48.30%) followed by duodenum (31.36%) and rectum (15.32%).

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 315-323, 2019
Postoperative complications of inguinal hernia surgery
Authors: Ashrafuzzaman Md , Bhattacharjee Avisak
Published: February 2020

Inguinal hernia surgery is a common operation. It has some negative deviation in its postoperative course. Some immediate and chronic complication can make the doom like situation for both patients and surgeons. Regarding the etiology of these complications; debate still exists. Two main objectives of the study was to determine the frequency of postoperative complications of inguinal hernia surgery as well as their level of severity. The study was conducted among the patients admitted at department of Surgery in Rajbari District Hospital. The study period was 24 months; started from January 2015 to December 2016. The patients were enrolled by purposive sampling. A pre-structured, peer-reviewed data collection sheet was used as a tool to record data regarding socio-demographic clinical, surgical and post operative profile. After taking informed written consent all patients were sent for the pre-anesthetic check up. Lichtenstein tension free mesh hernioplasty was done by consultant surgeon. Injection ceftriaxone single dose i/v was used as prophylactic antibiotic. Here in all cases prolene mesh was used manufactured by Jhonson & Jhonson.  Data were compiled, edited, analyzed and plotted into tabular and figure form. Out of 124 patients, 37.09% from 21-30 years age group whereas 29.83% from 31-40 years age group. The mean age was 28.79±7.16 years (age range: 17-69 years). Out of 124 patients 34.67% were day laborer, 23.39% were transport laborer and 16.93% were service holder. Among them 26.61% patients admitted as emergency cases and rest 73.38% was admitted as routine cases. After surgery, 26(20.97%) patients experienced post operative complication. Among them 8(30.76%), 6(23.07%) and 12(46.15%) had early, medium and late complications respectively. Besides, 12(46.15%) were categorized as Clavien-Dindo Grade-I whereas 10(38.46%) were categorized as Grade-II 2(7.69%) patients each were categorized as IIIa and IIIb. Emergency admission (46.15%) was the major risk factor. Higher ASA grade, emergency admission, pre-existing pain, severe depression, pre-existing uncontrolled DM and some drugs as such as clopidogrel and aspirin are the significant preoperative risk factors. Pre-existing uncontrolled DM and drug effects can not be corrected in case of emergency surgery.

Bangladesh Med J. 2018 Jan; 47 (1): 22-27
Obituary news January-2018
Authors: Halim Kazi Shafiqul
Published: February 2020

Abstract not available

Bangladesh Med J. 2018 Jan; 47 (1): 44
Immediate response of human dental pulp capped with mineral trioxide aggregate, Portland cement and biodentin
Authors: Bashar AKM , Kabir A.K.M Nurul , Rizdina Rozina Akhter , Ghosh Ranjit , Biswas Ashis Kumar , Rahman Md. Mizanur
Published: February 2020

Background: The initial inflammatory reaction of pulp capping materials on the dental pulp has an intimate relation in promoting the future cellular differentiation and biomaterial mineralisation. So, analysis of immediate pulpal tissue reaction in vivo, is also important for evaluation of ultimate efficacy any pulp capping agent. To observe immediate inflammatory response of Human Dental Pulp capped with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Biodentin and Portland Cement (PC).

Methods: A total of 70 permanent premolars teeth planned to be extracted for orthodontic alignment of occlusion were used as study sample. The teeth were divided into 3 experimental groups, MTA (n=20), Biodentin (n=20) Portland cement (n=20) and control group (n=10). After having an occlusal exposure of approximately 1.5 mm in diameter; in group A, pulp of teeth was capped with 2-mm-thick layer of ProRoot White MTA (Dentsply) and in group B, with sterile Biodentin (Septodont) according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Whereas in group C, pulp of teeth was capped with sterile Portland Cement (PC). After placing the experimental material in each group, all teeth restored with glass i‹xiomer cement. After 24 hours the teeth were extracted, fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution, then decalcified by 10% nitric acid and embedded in paraffin. Finally, sectioned into 2 to 3-micron-thick serial sections in the linguo-buccal plane and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. After then the amount of pulp inflammation (type, intensity, and extension) were determined by using a predetermined evaluation criterion under an optical microscope at 40a magnification. Ten intact teeth, which received no exposure and pulp capping but extracted due to orthodontic purpose were also collected and treated as the control group (group D); undergone same histologic preparation and evaluation. Significantstatistical differences among the experimental groups were to be found (p<0.05).

Results: Histologically, all the three tested materials produced immediate pulpal tissue reaction. ‘Biodentin’ found to be most immediate pulpal tissue reactive (reactive in 100% cases) and ‘Portland Cement’ showed least immediate tissue reaction (only in 30.0% cases). whereas, MTA produced immediate tissue reaction only in 50.0% cases. Immediate pulpal inflammatory reaction in response to tested material found to be statistically significant different between ‘Biodentin’ and ‘Portland cmient’ (p=0.01), also between ‘Biodentin’ and ‘MTA’ and (p=0.001); but there was no statistically significant difference between ‘MTA’ and ‘Portland cement’ (p =0.197).

Conclusion: Considering the maximum immediate pulpal tissue reaction (Inflammation), Biodentin is expected to produce most favorable ultimate bioactivity (biomaterial mineralization) after pulp capping.

Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2019; 45: 108-116
Effects of different sitting postures on forced vital capacity in healthy school children
Authors: Haque Mohammad Fazlul , Akhter Shahin , Tasnim Nayeema , Haque Mahmudul , Paul Sujat , Begum Momtaz
Published: February 2020

Background: Lung function varies with the different body posture of normal individuals. Normal healthy school children adopt different body posture which influences their lung function. This cross sectional observational study was done to assess the effects of different sitting postures on lung function like forced vital capacity (FVC) in healthy school children.
Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Chittagong Medical college, Chittagong and K S Nazu Miah High school, Khondokia, Younus Nagar, Hathazari, Chittagong during July 2015 to June 2016. A total of 88 subjects of which 42 male and 46 female students aged between 14-16 years studying in class eight to ten were included by purposive sampling method. FVC were recorded by portable digital spirometer (HI-101, Japan). Data were taken in normal upright sitting, kyphotic and at slumped sitting posture. Unpaired and paired t test and repeated measure ANOVA tests were done using SPSS for windows version 20.
Results: The mean value of FVC were significantly (p<0.001) changed in different sitting posture. Kyphotic sitting posture showed no significant difference (p>0.05) comparing to normal upright sitting posture. Regarding slumped sitting posture comparing to normal upright showed significant low values (p<0.001). Female subjects showed significant low FVC (p<0.001) comparing to male subjects.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the lung function like FVC is significantly decreased in slumped sitting posture.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2019; 45: 117-121
Barriers to Access Reproductive Health Care Services by Urban Women
Authors: Rahman Md Mahbubur , Rahman Md Shafiqur , Uddin Abu Noman Mohammed Mosleh , Ferdousi Shammi Sultana , Nahar Nargis , Parveen Shahajadi Shanjida
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Health care is a continuous care from womb to tomb. Bangladesh has made tremendous achievement in the health sector over the last few decades. Early marriage, perception about pregnancy and high financial cost are the factors for less utilization of health care services. Many other barriers like gender inequality, cultural norms and traditions are important barriers too for seeking reproductive health care services.   Objectives: To further unpack the pattern of dynamic social barriers faced by urban women in accessing reproductive health care services, which in turn may assist the service stakeholders to design programs to overcome the barriers.

Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive empirical social study was executed in Dhaka city from January 2019 to April 2019. Interviewer administered face to face in depth interview was employed to collect data from 122 samples, estimated by peer review and picked up by haphazard sampling, from among married women of reproductive age 15-45years. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20. Emic and etic interpretation were done on the information generated. All ethical issues were taken care of. Results: The perceived barriers to antenatal, natal, postnatal care and family planning practices were poverty, ignorance and husband non co-operation. As many as 78.7% respondents were house wives, about 71.0% respondent’s age at marriage was 13- 18 years, 36.1% were qualified up to intermediate level, 53.3% are 25-35yrs age group, 80% received antenatal care, 32% gone for home delivery and 68.7% were unwilling for postnatal care services. The present study found that ignorance and poverty were the main reasons for non-utilizing health care facilities.

Conclusion: There is scope to improve the utilization of reproductive health care services of urban women. Social and cultural barriers are more common. Health care services are needed to be scaled up and the health education component should be strengthened in health care delivery system to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG).

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 7-10
Comparison of Mammography and Ultrasonography in Evaluation of Breast Masses
Authors: Nahar Zebun , Kabir Md Enamul , Alam Taharul , Yasmin Shamoli , Naowar Maisha
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Early detection, efficient and accurate diagnosis can reduce the mortality rate.

Objectives: To compare the screening accuracy of mammography (MMG) and ultrasonography (USG) in suspected cases of breast masses.

Material and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka from June 2016 to July 2017. A total of 100 clinically suspected case of breast masses aged from 20 to 75 years referred for MMG and USG was selected. Each patient underwent USG and MMG followed by a histopathological examination of the biopsy material taken from the lump lesion. Two cases histopathological report was not found. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy of USG and MMG were compared with histopathology as the gold standard. In order to determine the agreement of diagnoses between USG and MMG, consistency analysis was performed using Kappa-statistics.

Results: Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy of USG was 58.8%, 98.4%, 77.8%, 85.0% and 83.6% and for MMG 92.0%, 84.5%, 67.6%, 96.8% and 84.7% respectively. Kappa-statistics shows that the two diagnostic modalities had a test agreement in 39.8% cases to differentiate malignant breast tumour from the benign one (k-value = 0.398, p > 0.05).

Conclusion: Two diagnostic modalities USG and MMG had a fair agreement in the differentiation of malignant breast tumour from the benign.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 22-24
Comparative Study between Laparoscopic Assisted and Traditional Vaginal Hysterectomy
Authors: Chowdhury Liza
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The choice of hysterectomy approach depends on the reason for hysterectomy, the overall health of the patient and surgeon’s experience. The choice of technique dictates hospital stay and healing time.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and outcome of Laparoscopic Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy (LAVH) and traditional Vaginal Hysterectomy (VH).

Materials and Method: A total of 100 patients were purposively selected for this prospective comparative study during the period of January 2011 to January 2013 in CMH, Dhaka and Hitech Multicare Hospital. Non-malignant patients undergoing LAVH and VH by the same surgeon were included in this study. Clinical variables such as operative time, operative cost, blood loss, quantity of analgesics used and hospital stay were observed in both cases for comparison. Several other variables were also observed as postoperative complications such as amount of haemoglobin decrease, rise of temperature, urinary tract infection, vault granuloma in both the cases.

Results:  There was no significant difference in terms of age, parity, body weight, uterine weight. The mean estimated blood loss in VH (100±32.8 ml) was significantly lower compared to LAVH (126.5±39.8 ml) group. Comparing the relief of post-operative pain, less analgesic was required, rapid patient recovery, and hospital stay time was less in LAVH group than VH group.

Conclusion: LAVH is clinically beneficial in terms of less post-operative pain and less quantity of analgesia used, rapid patients’ recovery and shorter hospital stay than VH. It is useful for patients who prefer laparoscopy for cosmetic purpose.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 29-31
Differentiation of Beta Thalassemia Trait and Iron Deficiency Anaemia by Red Cell Indices
Authors: Md Nurunnabi - , Mamdu Mosammath Khadiza , Rahman Mohammad Maksudur , Zafreen Farzana , Wahab Md Abdul
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Beta thalassaemia trait (β-TT) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) are the most frequent causes of hypochromic microcytic anaemia in Bangladesh. Differentiation between βTT and IDA is important for proper treatment of patients. Red blood cell (RBC) indices obtained from automated cell counter can be used to differentiate between two.

Objective: To compare among three RBC indices; red cell distribution width (RDW), red cell distribution width index (RDWI) and Mentzer’s index to differentiate between βTT and IDA.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted on 50 diagnosed cases of β-TT and 50 cases of IDA at the department of pathology, BNS Patenga, Bangladesh from January 2016 to December 2017. Patients with Hb <6.0 gm/dl was excluded because below this level IDA and β-TT morphologically become very much distinguishable. RDW, RDWI and Mentzer’s index were calculated from the automated cell counter. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated to compare diagnostic value of the indices.

Results: Mentzer’s index was found the most reliable index as it had the highest sensitivity 95.1% and specificity 84.8% for detecting IDA. RDWI showed much lower sensitivity 91.2% and specificity 66.2% while RDW showed sensitivity and specificity of 83.2% and 61.1% respectively.

Conclusion: Mentzer’s index is a reliable and useful index for differentiation between IDA and β-TT compared to other two indices.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 39-41
Outcome of Thrombolysis in Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Rahman Md Wali Ur , Iqbal Syed Asif , Sultana Syeda Aleya , Malek Md Abdul , Alam Abu Yusuf Md Shahidul , Rabbani Safia Binte
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The main purpose of thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction is early and complete reperfusion. Incomplete or delayed thrombolysis is associated with an increased risk of death and left ventricular dysfunction. The time to reperfusion and complete reperfusion remain the key determinants for appropriate outcome of cardiovascular events.

Objective: To find out the effect of thrombolytic therapy and its outcome in relation with timing of thrombolysis and associated risk factors in ST elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional interventional study was carried out in combined military hospital, Dhaka from July 2017 to May 2018. Total 85 patients of acute STEMI having specified criteria were selected and treated with Streptokinase at a dose of 1.5 million units diluted in 100 mL normal saline. Twelve-lead ECG was recorded immediately before the start of thrombolytic therapy and 180 min afterwards.

Results: Among 85 STEMI patients 65 were male and the age range was 40-80 years. Sixty nine patients (81.2%) underwent thrombolysis within 12 hours of onset of chest pain among them complete resolution of ST segment occurs in 45(65.2%) patients while 16 patients (18.8%) received thrombolysis after 12 hours among them complete resolution occurs only in 7(43.8%) patients.  Fully reperfused patients have no complications. Patients having diabetes mellitus, presented with atypical chest pain and received thrombolytic therapy after 12 hours had various types of complication.

Conclusion: STEMI patients received thrombolysis therapy within 12 hours of onset of chest pain responded well to thrombolytic therapy.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 42-44
Awareness and Practices of Personal Hygiene among Selected Rural School Children
Authors: Rahman Md Masudur , Rahman Md Mahbubur , Zafreen Farzana , Ahsan Md Shamim , Uddin Abu Noman Mohammed Mosleh
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Poor hygiene practices and inadequate sanitary conditions play major roles in the increased burden of communicable diseases within developing countries.

Objective: To assess the status of awareness and practice about personal hygiene among the rural school children.

Materials and Methods:  This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted from March 2015 to June 2015 among children of class IX and X of a high school of Hemayetpur union of Savar area under Dhaka district. A total of 109 children were selected through purposive sampling and data were collected through face to face interview with a pretested semi-structured questionnaire.

Results: Students’ mean age was 14.65 ± 1. 93 years and 53.21% was boy. Majority (57.80%) of the respondents’ parents’ monthly income was below 5000 taka and 42.20% were living in kacha house. Maximum 98.2% respondents had good knowledge that washing hand before meal and after defecation prevent transmission of disease and 62.21% had good hygiene practice habit. The association of type of residence with hand washing habit and wearing shoes in toilet was significant (P< 0.05). Significant (p < 0.01) association was also found among monthly family income and parent's education status with daily bathing practice.

Conclusion: Almost all the students had agreed that washing hand before meal and after defaecation prevents the spread of diseases. Proper knowledge and practice on personal hygiene keep them away from many diseases. So, effort should be made to aware every school going children about the benefits of regular practice of personal hygiene for a bright and healthy life.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 45-48
Histomorphological Evaluation of Colonoscopic Mucosal Biopsy with Chronic Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Karim Md Iqbal , Nachev Rosen , Fuklev Nikolay , Wahab Md Abdul
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Colonoscopic biopsy is important in the diagnosis and treatment of suspected colonic diseases as it is a diagnostic procedure of choice for patients with gastrointestinal disorders lasting for several weeks to months. Histomorphological evaluation of colonic biopsy is important for specific diagnosis, for determining the extent of the disease and its response to therapy and for detecting complications.

Objective: To evaluate colorectal mucosal lesion by histopathological examination and to confirm the diagnosis of different gastrointestinal diseases including malignancies.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 330 colonoscopic biopsies with different gastrointestinal disorders from January 2014 to December 2016 in the Department of Pathology, Armed Forces Hospital, Kuwait.

Results: About 75.2% of cases were male with average age was 45 years with ranging 10-80 years. Out of 330 biopsies specific diagnosis was made in 63% cases and among the specific diagnosis, tubular adenoma was the commonest (21.22%) followed by inflammatory bowel diseases 13.94% cases. Total malignant cases were 7.60% and majority of them in the age group of 41-60 years.

Conclusion: The importance of colonoscopic biopsies lies especially in some chronic diarrhoea, alteration of bowel habit and per rectal bleeding. Moreover with the early histopathological diagnosis by detecting the precancerous lesion, like Ulcerative colitis, adenomatous polyp, patient can get rid of developing cancer and thereby saved life.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 54-58
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AS MEDIA INNOVATION AND SOURCES OF LEARNING IN SCHOOL
Authors: Primasari Dwi Amelia Galuh , Suparmanto Suparmanto , Imansyah M
Published: February 2020

The influence of the development of information and communication technology encourages innovation in learning activities. This study aims to describe the use of ICT as a medium and source of learning in schools. The research was conducted in 3 locations, namely Public Elementary School 2 Gelumbang and Public Elementary School 29 Gelumbang, Gelumbang District, and Senior Scondary School 1 Sungai Rotan, Sungai Rotan District, Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra Province. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive approach, with observation techniques, and interviews. The results of the study concluded: (1) the teacher invites students to use ICT facilities in schools in learning activities; (2) the use of ICT-based resources and learning media in schools, among others, using computers, laptops, LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), smartphones, internet networks, and Microsoft office applications; (3) to improve teacher competence in utilizing ICT, teachers need to continue to familiarize themselves. Besides that, there should be a solution to the barriers to the use of ICTs, including conducting training through teacher working group activities (TWG), in order to support the improvement of teachers' abilities and knowledge in the ICT field.
Mediated Ownership: Capital as Media
Authors: Schneider Nathan
Published: February 2020

This article unravels opportunities that arise from regarding corporate capital as media. First, it reviews relevant overlaps between media theory and legal theory. Second, it considers cases in which capital ownership can be best understood as mediated, affective claims. Third, it explores how recognizing capital as media can open doors to constructive, creative entrepreneurship and activism – to the point of reinventing or undermining received practices of capital ownership altogether. When we think of capital ownership as mediation, we discover our institutional surroundings to be more vulnerable to critical research and more pliable to tactical intervention.
Studying the Racial and Ethnicity Effects on Breastfeeding for Adolescent Mothers: Healthcare Policy Implications
Authors: Knot Javis , Mitchell Denitra C.
Published: February 2020

According to the American Association of Pediatrics on the racial and ethnic differences of breastfeeding adolescent mother’s show that a total of 696 Latino, African and Caucasian adolescent mothers under the age of 18 were studied. The study highlighted the factors that influence adolescent mothers to breastfeed. These results were reported that majority of the Mexican American mothers were likely to breastfeed. The decision to breastfeed stated 55% of MexicanAmerican, 45% of Caucasian, and 15% of African-American adolescent mothers did in fact breastfeed. With the exception of perceived benefits of breastfeeding and exposure to educational materials, most factors associated with breastfeeding differed by race/ethnicity.

Among Mexican-Americans, important factors included feeding advice. The feeding preference of a partner or mother and feeding decisions were made in early pregnancy. Among African-Americans, important factors included living with a partner, having a mother who breastfed. The feeding preference of a partner or health care provider and low family support was a factor. Among Caucasians, health care providers' feeding preference having two or more breastfeeding role models not being enrolled in Women, Infants, and Children's Supplemental Nutrition Program having relied on infant-feeding advice was associated with the decision to breastfeed.

The purpose of this study is to focus on racial and ethnic differences when it comes to breastfeeding. As adolescent mothers, women have to decide what best is for their children. Therefore, it is important to have information available to best help them decide despite cultural biases. Specific members of the adolescent’s support systems that were identified in this study as important to her feeding decision. Medical and Social Groups must focus on the benefits of breastfeeding and being able to address concerns and refute fallacies common to young mothers specific to each racial/ethnic group. Also identified is the need to incorporate plenty of educational reading materials. Finally, a special effort must be made to overcome biases in the health care system by training health care professionals to encourage breastfeeding among all adolescent mothers, including African-Americans. Remain adhere of involvements could target both the adolescent mother and her support system.
Mechanochemical Organic Functionalization of Graphite
Produces Tunable Coatings of Carbon Fibers by
Multilayered Graphite Microparticles
Authors: Sereda Grigoriy , Sarder Roman , Keppen Joseph
Published: February 2020

The properties of carbon fiber reinforced composites depend on the adhesion of fibers to the polymer matrix. The improvement of interfacial
properties in carbon fiber containing composite materials was extensively studied by introducing water-soluble derivative of graphene, graphene
oxide and linkers molecules that were dispersed in the fiber sizing onto the surface of individual carbon fibers. Here we report mechano-chemical
synthesis of a series of functionalized multilayer graphite micro particles able to modify carbon fibers simply dipped to their suspensions in
various solvents, including water. The known mechanoactivated chemical exfoliation of graphite by maleic anhydride and maleimide was
expanded to hexadecylmaleimide and 1,6-dimaleimidohexane. The new materials were characterized by SEM imaging, X-ray Photoelectron
Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), nitrogen adsorption isotherm
surface analysis, and Diffuse Light Scattering (DLS). The coatings produced on both sized and unsized carbon fibers are resistant to
ultrasonication. The pH-dependent dispersibility in water and particle size, relatively high surface area, presence of the thiol-reactive maleimide
group in the material cross-linked with 1,6-dimaleimidohexane are the welcome properties f
Psychosocial and Biological Aspects of Synthetic and Natural FAAH Inhibitors
Authors: A Dawson David
Published: February 2020

Molecular engineers are studying FAAH as a target for pharmaceuticals as controlling levels of FAAH may produce some of the same health effects that excite clinicians about the potential for phytocannabinoid-based medicines. Synthetic cannabinoids work by flooding the system with molecules structurally similar to THC and other phytocannabinoids. Medicines that inhibit the body’s production of FAAH are theorized to have a similar effect by maximizing the concentration of deficient endocannabinoids in the nervous system. Technological limitations coupled with a suppression of research of biologic cannabinoids at many major research universities have limited our understanding of the endocannabinoid system. Questions still need to be answered to provide a comprehensive comparison of biologic with synthetic FAAH inhibitors. Advancement and research aimed at understanding of endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids, and particularly the medicinal properties of the Trans-Δ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) molecule and its endocannabinoid equivalent anandamide are hindered by prohibitive restrictions resulting from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), National Institute of Health (NIH), and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). The mission statements of each of these entities effectively integrate to ensure research and utilization of the medicinal properties of THC will be nearly impossible to attain.
Effects of Different Concentrate Feed Proportions on Ruminal Ph Parameters, Duodenal Nutrient Flows and Efficiency of Microbial Crude Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows During Early Lactation
Authors: Bünemann Katharina , Johannes Maren , Schmitz Rolf , Hartwiger Julia , von Soosten Dirk , Hüther Liane , Meyer Ulrich , Westendarp Heiner , Hummel Jürgen , Zeyner Annette , Dänicke Sven
Published: February 2020

The aim of the study was to examine different pH parameters, such as variations throughout the day, depending on differing concentrate feed proportions. Moreover, special attention was payed to individual variation in microbial efficiencies (microbial crude protein/fermented organic matter) and their relation to ruminal pH, nutrient flows and digestibilities. For this, cows were grouped according to microbial efficiency (more, n = 5, vs. less efficient cows, n = 4). After calving, thirteen ruminally cannulated pluriparous cows, including nine duodenally cannulated animals, were divided into groups offered rations with a lower (35% on dry matter basis, n = 7) or a higher (60% on dry matter basis, n = 6) concentrate feed proportion. Ruminal pH parameters were assessed continuously by using intraruminal probes. Nutrient flows, nutrient digestibility and microbial efficiency were determined for duodenally cannulated cows. For most ruminal pH parameters it seemed that individual variability was higher than the treatment effect. However, a positive relationship between actual concentrate intake and diurnal pH fluctuations was found. Besides, the effect of individually different microbial efficiencies was assessed. Again, there were no group differences for pH parameters. However, nutrient flows were significantly higher in more efficient cows, whereas digestibilities were lower in in more efficient cows.
A Robotic Automatic Assembly System Based on Vision
Authors: Song Rui , Li Fengming , Fu Tianyu , Zhao Jie
Published: February 2020

At present, the production lines of mobile phones are mainly manual and semi-automatic. Robots are the most important tools used to improve the intelligence level of industry production. The design of an intelligent robotic assembly system is presented in this paper, which takes the assembly of screen components and shell components as examples. There are major factors restricting the application of robots, such as the calibration of diversified objects, the moving workpiece with incomplete information, and diverse assembly types. A method was proposed to solve these technological difficulties. The multi-module calibration method is used to transform the pose relationship between the robot, the conveyor belt, and the two cameras in the robot assembly system. Aiming at a workpiece moving with incomplete information, the minimum matrix method is proposed to detect the position. Then dynamic fetching is realized based on pose estimation of the moving workpiece. At last, the template matching method is used to identify the assembly area of the workpiece type. The proposed method was verified on a real platform with a LINKHOU LR4-R5 60 robot. Results showed that the assembly success rate was above 98%, and the intelligent assembly system of the robot can realize the assembly of mobile phone screens and back shells without any staff.