bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrotreated vegetable oil fuel within the Fit for 55 package
Authors: Sikora Mieczysław , Orliński Piotr
Published: December 2023

28 March 2023 the EU Council has adopted a regulation setting stringent carbon dioxide emission standards for new cars and vans. Under the new law, new vehicles with a 100 per cent reduction in carbon dioxide emissions will be able to be registered after 2035. The new EU legislation sets the following targets: a 55 per cent reduction in CO2 emissions for new cars and 50 per cent for new vans between 2030 and 2034 compared to 2021 levels; a 100 per cent reduction in CO2 emissions for both new cars and vans from 2035. This will result in only electric or hydrogen-powered cars and vans being able to be registered after 2035. The fuel omitted from the Fit for 55 packages within cars and vans is hydrotreated vegetable oil. According to the research carried out so far, it is possible to replace diesel with HVO fuel even without interference with the fuel injection control system. If an internal combustion engine is fuelled with HVO fuel instead of diesel, the greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by up to 90 per cent. What is more, the technology for using HVO fuel has many more possibilities for reducing CO2 emissions, if only by refining the exhaust after-treatment process. The exclusion of this fuel from the Fit for 55 package raises serious doubts about the quality of the analyses based on which HVO fuel was not included in the Fit for 55 packages.
Efficiency optimization of a vehicle combustion engine by the adjustment of the spark advance angle
Authors: Kamiński Adam , Krakowian Konrad , Skrętowicz Maria , Kupski Mateusz
Published: December 2023

Changing the ignition advance angle has a significant impact on the performance of a
combustion engine. Optimization of ignition advance angle is a major task of adjusting engine
concerning emission standards, fuel consumption, torque value, etc. The results of the
research showed that the process of optimizing ignition advance curve can noticeably
increase engine efficiency, as well as torque and power output from the engine, while
reducing fuel consumption as a result of lower indications of the air flow mass per second
from MAF sensor (mass air flow sensor). The highest impact of the ignition advanced angle
modifications can be seen in the area of the highest volumetric efficiency of the tested
combustion engine. Almost no impact is observed within high engine speed levels.
Simultaneously increasing engine load and rotation speed increases the possibility of engine
knocking, which has devastating effect on engine durability.
Energy Security of Post-Soviet De Facto States: Challenges, Conflicts and Interdependence
Authors: Golunov S.
Published: December 2023

The article represents an effort to conceptualize energy security issues of the four post-Soviet de facto states: Republic of Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, and Republic of South Ossetia. The author considers: relevant conceptual issues; the structure of post-Soviet de facto states’ energy consumption; the role of energy security issues in the context of post-Soviet de facto states’ relations of conflict and interdependence with their parent states; issues of development of these states’ energy sectors to enhance their energy security; societal and environmental aspects of de facto states’ energy security. The author concludes that the energy security agendas of these four polities are largely similar. Unlike major economies, they do not face a primary threat to their oil supplies, while the issue of supplying residential consumers with electricity and natural gas is of utmost importance to them. The energy security agenda plays an ambiguous role in the context of the relationships between these four de facto states and their parent states. In some cases, it exacerbates existing contradictions, while in other cases, it facilitates peaceful and constructive resolution. At present, the majority of post-Soviet de facto states are unable to fully meet their gas and electricity needs, with only Transnistria being capable of exporting electricity, provided that it receives a sufficient volume of gas from external sources. Energy problems play an ambiguous role in the conflicts between post-Soviet de facto states and their parent states. Sometimes the parties use these problems as leverage for pressure. However, in other cases, finding mutually acceptable solution for energy issues becomes an incentive for constructive cooperation. Sometimes parent states even bear the burden of debts and other expenses because they still claim sovereignty over their “breakaway territories”. Overall, due to extremely limited economic potentials and nonrecognition, post-Soviet de facto states have achieved, at best, limited results in safeguarding their energy security.
Russia and Russians Through the Prism of Japanese Public Opinion (2022–2023)
Authors: Chugrov S.
Published: December 2023

For seven and a half decades, under the influence of American standards, the Japanese media sphere and, above all, the new media worked to consolidate in the minds of the Japanese the image of Russia as a country that is obsessed with the task of “expansion syndrome”. This study proves the hypothesis that after the start of the special military operation in Ukraine, these efforts of the mass media and part of the intellectual elite of Japan drastically and rapidly raised Russophobic sentiments in society to a critical maximum. A comparative analysis of the Japanese discourse related to the Ukrainian crisis, on the one hand, and the official public opinion surveys, on the other, have shown that the Japanese mass media have been extremely efficient in forming a biased and distorted vision of Russia and the Russians among the Japanese audience. At the same time, the unprecedented upsurge in anti-Russian sentiments directly correlates not only with the intensity of the propaganda campaign in the mass media but with the scale of sanctions/counter-sanctions politics as well. Based on in-depth interviews and personal observation during two semesters at a Japanese university (in 2020 and 2022–2023), the author concludes that the Japanese-Russian relations have entered a “deep freeze” zone and there is nowhere for the relationship to deteriorate further. Though the corridor of opportunities for rapprochement in the present has narrowed dramatically, the abnormal situation cannot last indefinitely, and it is necessary to work patiently on the future design of relations between Moscow and Tokyo. As a starting point, it is necessary to maintain humanitarian exchanges of researchers, teachers, students and graduate students in order not to lose the potential for restauration and consolidation of contacts at a new level in future.
U.S. Missile Defense: from National Territory Protection to NATO Defense
Authors: Klimov V. , Oznobishchev S.
Published: December 2023

The 1972 ABM Treaty between the USSR and the USA allowed for the deployment of a limited strategic missile defense system, but established a strict ban on the deployment of anti-missile systems outside their national territory. The agreement was the first turn in the U.S. policy in this area, determining the direction and content of missile defense development programs for many years to come. Once every ten years, the United States revised its policy, for instance, R. Reagan’s intention in 1983 to build a large-scale space-based missile defense system was seen as an attempt to move away from the concept of mutual nuclear deterrence, enshrined in the ABM Treaty. However, only after its withdrawal from the ABM Treaty in 2002, the United States set a course for the deployment of a missile defense system in Europe, as stated, to protect the region from nuclear missile threats from “rogue states”. At the present stage, the growing degradation of relations between Russia and Western countries, especially against the backdrop of hostilities in Ukraine, has led NATO states to put forward new approaches to the integration of missile defense and air defense systems, providing for the functional interface of information management systems and strike components for the successful interception of different classes of targets. The experience of providing Ukraine with integrated defense and its functioning on the basis of modern Western air defense systems will allow the U.S. / NATO to evaluate the effectiveness of the chosen approach and apply the knowledge gained to improve Europe’s “anti-missile umbrella”. The article proposes the author’s periodization of American policy in the field of missile defense, as well as considers each of the identified stages with special emphasis on the last one, which is directly related to the current political situation.
Industrial Policy of India: Past, Present, Future
Authors: Kondrat’ev V. , Popov V. , Kedrova G.
Published: December 2023

The new industrial policy which will replace the industrial policy of 1991 seeks to achieve One Nation – One Standard mission, to promote startups in every district, to create innovation zones at the local level, and to introduce incentives for Indian products by creating premium international brands. The current industrial policy also proposes to strengthen credit rating mechanism, industrial cluster financing models and make India attractive for investment. Sustainability, R&D, and ease of doing business for manufacturing are the basic areas of the country’s industrial vision. This will be the third industrial policy, after the first in 1956 and next in 1991. The Statement on Industrial Policy 2022–2023 also formulates a policy to enhance the quality of the Indian products by setting up a trade surveillance system, branding of “Made in India” products, and to bring national standard quality system closer to international practices. Foreign direct investment in R&D will be encouraged and the focus has to be on high value–added manufacturing activities. Micro, small and medium enterprises will be allowed to leverage the corporate bond market and their intellectual property rights be accepted as collateral for loans besides promoting shared economy models in critical areas like equipment leasing. New industrial and foreign trade policy confirm the government’s focus on self-reliance or Aatmanirbhar Bharat and it will play a critical role in facilitating India’s transition to an advanced developed economy during its Amrit Kaal (the period when it attains 100 years of Independence). India is targeting seven per cent growth in 2022–23, to cross it in the next five years and will try to stay in the 7–9 per cent range at least for a decade and a half. While inaugurating a new aircraft factory in Western India Prime Minister Narendra Modi returned to a slogan he came up a few months after taking power in 2014: “Make in India”. This time, however, he added: “Make for the world”.
Transformation of the Armenian-Azerbaijani Conflict: Historical Experience and Current Developments
Authors: Markedonov S.
Published: December 2023

The Nagorno-Karabakh issue is well-studied in the schorarly literature. However, most works cover the dynamics of the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict or genesis of a South Caucasus de facto state. This article is devoted to the consideration of the phenomenon of Nagorno-Karabakh for the nation-state project of post-Soviet Armenia, its domestic and foreign policy agenda. The author considers it in the two historical contexts: the genesis of the Armenian state during the last years of the Soviet Union and in the first years after its demise, as well as the current socio-political situation. The article explains why the factor of Nagorno-Karabakh, which became the trigger for the struggle of the late Soviet Armenians for “miatsum” (the unification of the former Armenian SSR and the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region of the Azerbaijani SSR), has ceased to be a cementing element for the elite and society of today’s Armenia. The Nagorno-Karabakh consensus, around which the authorities and the opposition, as well as civil society institutions united, becomes the past. The informal taboo on the discussion of the Nagorno-Karabakh status beyond any form of state integration with Armenia has been lifted. It has become one of the publicly discussed issues. The author analyses these transformations with the help of updated methodological tools, rejecting “geopolitical determinism” and linking the fundamental transformation in the Armenian current agenda not only with radical military changes on the “line of contact” between the two conflicting states of the South Caucasus but, above all, with the value and generational shift within Armenia. Addressing the theory of “paradigm shift” by T. Kuhn and the “method of generations” by J. Ortega y Gasset, he concludes that the current unprecedented concessions to Baku on the part of Yerevan are not only a manifestation of weakness, voluntarism and a foreign policy U-turn of the current Armenian leadership to the West. In many ways, they are determined by the transformation in the moods of the elites and society of Armenia throughout the entire post-Soviet period. This approach allows us to trace and explain how and why the Republic, constituting its statehood around the “Karabakh idea” in the process of national self-determination, took the path of revision of the original goal-setting.
EV Battery Supply Chain Impacts for Friend-shoring and Reshoring of South Korean Companies
Authors: Biney Jeshurun , Jones Jr. Erick C. , Jones Erick C.
Published: December 2023

The global electric vehicle (EV) industry is focusing on strengthening the resilience and security of the EV battery supply chain, particularly due to China's dominant position in anode and cathode production. South Korean companies have initiated reshoring strategies, exemplified by the recent reopening of a cathode plant in Texas, to reduce their reliance on China. This paper discusses the implications of South Korea's reshoring efforts and explores the potential for establishing mutually beneficial, reconfigured supply chains between the U.S. and South Korea. It also emphasizes the significance of considering geopolitical events in supply chain modeling to enhance resilience and introduces a geopolitical risk model accounting for both reshoring and friend-shoring scenarios.
Supply Chain Collaboration during Disruption through Sales & Operations Planning: A Study in a Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Saleheen Ferdoush , Habib Md. Mamun , Sejdini Abdulmenaf
Published: December 2023

The study is based on primary and secondary data which unlocks a sequential supply chain disruption that occurred due to the pandemic and subsequent occurrences, including geopolitical tensions involving Ukraine and Russia, as well as Palestine and Israel. The geopolitical landscape is contingent upon the comprehensive strategic choices made by global leaders representing the United States, Russia, Turkey, India, the European Union, and Middle Eastern countries. There are several attempts made by researchers and industry practitioners to appropriately synchronize the demand and supply during this disruption. Substantial research has been conducted and literature is available in the field of supply chain collaboration. However, collaboration can’t be ensured unless the end-to-end SCM is synchronized through the Sales & Operations (S&OP) planning. Achieving smooth collaboration poses a formidable challenge, particularly amid disruptions and volatile conditions as seen today. This research undertakes a comprehensive examination by conducting a systematic literature review on various facets of sales and operations planning (S&OP), coupled with a survey utilizing a self-administered questionnaire across 24 manufacturing industries in Bangladesh. The primary aim of this paper is to assess S&OP best practices by evaluating different aspects applied in the industry, to ensure seamless connectivity, collaboration, and establishing criteria for measuring performance in the S&OP process. The authors underscore the significance of integrating S&OP and ultimately propose an innovative approach that integrates 10 attributes of supply chain performance measurement (SCPM) to fortify the S&OP process, enhancing its overall performance and effectiveness. This study not only paves the way for researchers and academia to investigate deeper into collaboration and risk management within supply chain management (SCM) operations during disruptions but also recommends industry practitioners novel concepts to enhance overall efficiency and provide substantial visibility into business operations.
MILITARIZAÇÃO DA VIDA COTIDIANA NO PROCESSO DE FECHAMENTO DE RUAS NO BAIRRO DE BANGU, RIO DE JANEIRO (RJ)
Authors: Souza Saulo de Tarso dos Santos
Published: December 2023

Neste artigo, proponho uma discussão acerca da militarização da vida cotidiana que acompanha o processo de fechamento de ruas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, com especial atenção ao bairro de Bangu, localizado na Zona Oeste da capital. De 2016 a 2022, a partir da realização de diversos trabalhos de campo, foi possível constatar um significativo aumento no número de vias fechadas nesse local por meio da instalação de aparatos de segurança, tais como cancelas, guaritas, grades e portões, cujo propósito subjacente foi obstruir a livre circulação de pessoas consideradas "estranhas" e veículos automotores, com a justificativa de combater o recrudescimento da criminalidade decorrente da violência urbana e, por conseguinte, produzir uma espécie de sensação de segurança na localidade em questão. Ambos os temas, tanto o da militarização da vida cotidiana, quanto o fechamento de ruas, estiveram presentes em uma pesquisa de pós-graduação em Geografia, concluída em nível de mestrado. O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir teoricamente para a compreensão de processos que se fazem presentes no espaço urbano do mundo contemporâneo.
ANÁLISE ESPACIAL DOS ESCORES DE EFICIÊNCIA NOS GASTOS PÚBLICOS DA EDUCAÇÃO DO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Beirão Éder de Souza , Leite Marcos Esdras , Gonçalves Maria Elizete , Reis Geraldo Antônio dos
Published: December 2023

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar os padrões de associação espacial (clusters espaciais) de localização dos escores de eficiência nos gastos públicos com a função Educação no Ensino Fundamental dos municípios (análise agregada) e dos municípios das mesorregiões (análise desagregada) do estado de Minas Gerais. Para atender ao objetivo proposto, utilizou-se a técnica Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais (AEDE) para analisar os escores de eficiência dos modelos 1 e 2 dos dois tipos de análise mencionados. Os resultados do I de Moran Global mostraram que há autocorrelação espacial positiva nos escores de eficiência dos modelos 1 e 2 das análises agregada e desagregada, sugerindo que os municípios com altos valores estavam cercados por vizinhos na mesma situação e as unidades com baixos valores também estavam rodeadas por municípios com baixos escores. Por meio da análise dos mapas de cluster LISA (ou I de Moran Local), foi possível verificar que todas as mesorregiões do estado de Minas Gerais obtiveram concentrações significativas de clusters e outliers nos modelos 1 e 2. Na análise agregada, o Modelo 1 apresentou maiores concentrações de clusters Alto-Alto (altos escores de eficiência associados à altos valores de escores) e outliers Baixo-Alto (baixos valores de escores de eficiência associados a altos valores) e o Modelo 2 clusters Baixo-Baixo (baixos escores de eficiência associados à baixos valores de escores) e outliers Alto-Baixo (altos valores de escores de eficiência associados a baixos valores).
MAPEAMENTO E CLASSIFICAÇÃO DO GRAU DE DIFICULDADE DA TRILHA DAS CACHOEIRAS, MURITIBA – SÃO FÉLIX, BAHIA
Authors: Santana Luã Fábio Nunes da Conceição , Bomfim Maria Eduarda de Jesus , Costa Grênivel Mota da , Almeida Junior Marcus Vinicius Costa
Published: December 2023

As trilhas têm sido um elemento cultural presente na história da humanidade, servindo como vias de comunicação entre diferentes lugares habitados ou visitados, atendendo às necessidades de deslocamento, exploração de novos territórios, e busca por recursos como alimentos e água. Nos municípios de Muritiba e São Félix, já existe um modelo informal de trilhas, onde guias conduzem visitantes por áreas que incluem cachoeiras, riachos, serras, matas e até terrenos acidentados. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar, mapear e caracterizar uma trilha ecológica, classificando-a em diferentes níveis de dificuldade. Isso visa enriquecer a experiência de diversos públicos e explorar seu potencial turístico. O processo envolveu três etapas metodológicas: pesquisa bibliográfica para compreender o ambiente, coleta de dados em campo para entender suas características específicas e processamento de dados georreferenciados para criar mapas temáticos. O resultado final é um mapa que mostra os diferentes níveis de dificuldade da trilha, destacando áreas sensíveis que requerem proteção para evitar a degradação excessiva e minimizar o impacto ambiental. Isso não só aprimora a experiência dos visitantes, mas também contribui para a conservação dessas áreas naturais e seu potencial econômico, ao mesmo tempo em que preserva o meio ambiente.
Strategi Konservasi Nilai Kearifan Lokal di Era Modern oleh Masyarakat Adat Osing Kemiren
Authors: Arifah Kiki Ayu , Saputra Meidi
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan strategi konservasi atau pelestarian yang digunakan dalam pewarisan nilai kearifan lokal kepada generasi Z di era modern serta mengetahui faktor penghambat dan faktor pendukung dari pelestarian tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, Sumber data berupa: manusia, peristiwa dan dokumen dengan tahapan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa (1) tahapan pengumpulan data; (2) reduksi data; (3) penyajian; (4) serta penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil temuan yang didapatkan peneliti, nilai kearifan lokal Masyarakat Adat Osing Kemiren di era modern ini masih tetap terjaga dan lestari. Hal ini di dukung oleh adanya minat masyarakat dengan diirngi kepercayaan serta adanya kepedulian dari pemerintah dan lembaga lain yang bersangkutan. Strategi pelestarian Masyarakat Adat Osing Kemiren dalam pewarisan nilai kearifan lokal yang masyarakat lakukan dengan partisipasi langsung dan secara lisan kepada generasi Z berkaitan dengan kearifan lokal tersebut, selain itu terdapat pelatihan yang dijalankan dan pembuatan desa wisata yang dikelola dengan pemanfaatan teknologi di era modern dengan berbasis sistem Community Based Tourism (CBT).
Pengaruh pendapatan usaha dan beban operasional terhadap laba bersih
Authors: Urip Wardoyo Dwi , Aqil Fauzananda Musrady Raihan , Alicia Febriyanti Siagian Hosana
Published: December 2023

Income or income is income that arises from the normal activities of the entity and is known by different names such as sales, fees, interest, dividends, royalties and rent. expenses that have protection, namely other uses of assets or loan guarantees within a certain timeframe to send, produce goods, provide services or the like related to ongoing important industrial operations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of operations and operating expenses on net income. The data in this study uses secondary data. The method used is literature review. The resulting revenue can be recognized at the time of production progress, production completion, marketing, or at the time of cash collection. Although both of these criteria must be met, the weight of importance for each condition can be different. At the time of marketing, revenue recognition is perfect for recognizing revenue because the characteristics acquired and realized have been fulfilled.
Sebuah analisis konflik dan manajemen risiko
Authors: Urip Wardoyo Dwi , Fauzan Aziz Muhamad , Regita Dea Putri Sabrina , Rizky Adisyahputra Rifan
Published: December 2023

This study aims to find out how the development of accounting and the influence of accounting on conflict and risk management. The method used is literature review. The role of accounting with risk management in which the Company relies on external parties for greater risk financing than using its own internally generated funds. Market risk includes risk of foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, as well as risk of commodity prices and equity.
Analisis maqashid dan maslahah transaksi e-commerce di Indonesia
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Asmuni Asmuni , Anggraini Tuti
Published: December 2023

This study aims to analyze the relevance and implications of Maqashid Syariah and Muamalah in e-commerce transactions in Indonesia. The aim of this study is to understand how the principles of Maqashid Sharia and Muamalah can be applied in the context of e-commerce transactions, as well as to identify the benefits and challenges that arise in applying those principles. This research method uses a qualitative approach by conducting a literature review involving the study of scientific literature, official documents, and practice guidelines related to e-commerce and Islamic economics. Qualitative analysis was conducted to explore and understand the implications of Maqashid Sharia and Muamalah principles in e-commerce transactions in Indonesia. The results showed that Maqashid Syariah and Muamalah have significant relevance in the context of e-commerce in Indonesia. The application of these principles can ensure halal in transactions, maintain fairness, protect consumers, and create a business environment with integrity. However, there are challenges in implementing these principles, including a lack of awareness and understanding of the principles of Islamic economics, differences in interpretation, and limitations in monitoring and enforcing the rules. Therefore, collaborative efforts are needed between the government, business actors, and related institutions to increase understanding, develop codes of practice, and increase supervision in e-commerce transactions in accordance with Maqashid Syariah and Muamalah.
Strategi pemasaran bisnis kuliner menggunakan influencer di media sosial instagram pasca pandemi
Authors: Hardini Reziyana , Iffa Nurani Mentari , Larasayu Faradita , Permana Erwin
Published: December 2023

Competition in the culinary sector is increasingly rife, requiring business people to be able to always use marketing strategies that are relevant to the times.  One marketing strategy that has become increasingly popular lately is using influencers.  Through their influence on social media, influencers can endorse a product that is becoming increasingly popular.  An influencer will usually endorse a variety of products.  Therefore, research on influencers who endorse only one type of product has not been carried out much, in this case the Semarang lumpia product.  This study aims to analyze marketing strategies for culinary businesses using influencers on post-pandemic Instagram social media.  The study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The research data were obtained through observation of influencer accounts that endorse Lumpia Semarang products.  To support data analysis, various supporting sources were extracted, such as publications on various official and popular sites.  The results of the study concluded that the marketing strategy carried out by one of the culinary business actors, namely lumpiasemarang.jkt, using influencers was very effective because it aroused and aroused consumer curiosity to try this culinary.  The influencers used are included in the macro influencer category such as half of the fat which is an influencer with many followers who are already popular with many groups so that they are able to popularize Lumia Semarang cuisine among Indonesian people.
Pengembangan media pembelajaran interaktif ekonomi berbasis telegram bot
Authors: Dwi Saputri Eva , Yudiono Udik , Walipah Walipah
Published: December 2023

The aim of the research is to make application in the formstandar teaching media products that are feasible to operate in the field of Economics subject matter of fiscal and monetary policy  in Class XI in MAN 3 Malang-Donomulyo. This study includes Research of Development (R&D) with ADDIE model. The stages of this model consists of 5 phases, namely 1) Analyze (Analysis); 2) Design (Design); 3) Develop (Development); 4) Implement (implementation),; and 5) Evaluate (evaluation. The increase in innovation in this media was examined in detail by media,material, and laguage experts, and direct in-class test werecarried out involving 25 students. The procedure for obtaining data was in the form of qualitative and quantitative.The data procedure was collected through observational studies, question and answer, and question sheets. The result and discussin studies indicate that innovative teaching media with telegram botas as the basis for Economic studies in Class XI IPS MAN 3 Malang-Donomulyo is recommended, because it is shown that the acquisition of media espert checks is in the ery decent category with a percentage of 92,5%. Validation of media experts 92,5% categorized as very feasible, while media esperts obtained a very feasible percetage of 86% so as very as feasible.
A Meta-Analysis of Online Learning Practices Emerged During The Covid 19 Pandemic
Authors: Alfiriani Adlia , Rini Faiza , Darman Regina Ade , Rindaningsih Ida
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this paper was to explore and summarize the emerging pedagogical practices in online learning during the pandemic period, namely from 2019 to 2021. A meta-analysis of related studies was carried out in this study. The study was obtained from the Google Scholar and Scopus databases using online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. 500 studies were identified, then analyzed to match the criteria set out for this study. Only five studies fulfilled these criteria and were thus selected for the study. The four studies included in this review emphasize different pedagogical practices of online learning and repost their impact on academic outcomes. Four studies were quantitative, while one was developmental. The pedagogical practices are flipped classroom, augmented reality, problem-based learning, and project-based learning. Furthermore, how this pedagogy is applied in an online learning environment is also presented in the research results section.  This paper is original and very useful for educators/instructors because it can be the basis for developing effective online learning designs for students in the new normal era.
The association between healthcare expenditures and potentially inappropriate medication use in hospitalized older adults in Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Behailu Terefe , Bosho Dula Dessalegn , Dissassa Gashahun Mekonnen , Tesfaye Mikiyas Gashaw , Yizengaw Mengist Awoke
Published: December 2023

Background: Evidence shows that potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use in older adults significantly increases the utilization of healthcare resources. According to studies, PIM is widely prescribed, but little is known about the correlation between PIM use and the utilization of healthcare resources in Africa, particularly Ethiopia. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to provide local evidence on the presence of an association between healthcare expenditure and the frequency of PIM.
Methods: This observational study was conducted from 06 September 2021 to 30 December 2022. A total of 151 hospitalized older adult patients were included in the study. The data collection format was designed to capture relevant information. STATA V.15.0 was used for analysis. Descriptive statistics and a generalized linear model regression were conducted. Statistical significance was set at a p-value <0.05. The findings are presented in tables, figures, and text.
Results: The total healthcare expenditure was higher in PIM users (385368.6 ETB) than in non-PIM users (131267.7 ETB). The median expenditures for medical supplies (p=0.025), investigations (p=0.033), and total healthcare expenditure (p=0.023) were significantly higher in patients with ≥2 PIMs than in those with no or one PIM. However, after model adjustment, the total healthcare expenditure was not significantly different across the frequency of PIMs used. Number of medications (adjusted B=0.068, 95% CI: 0.035, 0.101, p<0.001) and taking blood and blood-forming organ class of medication (adjusted B=0.151, 95% CI: 0.005, 0.297, p=0.042) were associated with higher total healthcare expenditure, whereas the total healthcare expenditure was significantly lower in those patients with diseases of the nervous system (adjusted B= -0.307, 95% CI: -0.502, -0.112, p=0.002) and respiratory system (adjusted B= -0.196, 95% CI: -0.327, -0.065, p=0.003).
Conclusion: The total healthcare expenditure is nearly three times higher in PIM users. However, its association with the frequency of PIM use was not statistically significant in the final model. Strengthening assessment and interventions on the possibility of deprescribing medications may help reduce total healthcare expenditures. The authors also recommend a similar, adequately powered local study.
Association of lipid levels, adipokines and multiple myeloma: a two-sample multivariate Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ding Yi , Zhang Yudong , Zhang Xiaoshan , Shang Mingrong , Dong Fan
Published: December 2023

Background: Many observational studies and experiments have found a strong association between lipid levels and adipokines and multiple myeloma(MM), but the causal relationship between lipid levels, adipokines and MM remains to be determined.
Methods: We performed a two-sample and multivariate MR analysis to investigate the causal relationship between lipid levels, adipokines and MM. Total cholesterol(TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were used to represent lipid levels, and adiponectin, leptin, and resistin were used to represent adipokines. Genetic data for each index and MM were obtained from the Integrated Epidemiology Unit (IEU) Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) database, and two-sample MR analyses were performed, as well as multivariate MR analyses of adipokines for causality of MM using BMI as an adjusting factor.
Results: In the analyzed results, no significant causal association was found between adipokines , lipid levels and multiple myeloma, and after adjusting for BMI, an association between adipokines and MM was still not found.
Conclusion: The results of this MR study do not support an association between genetically predicted adipokines, lipid levels, and risk of MM, but we cannot rule out the existence of a weak association. The mechanisms need to be further investigated.
Analysis of the efficacy and complications of laparoscopic Cohen's ureteral reimplantation in the treatment of pediatric vesicoureteral reflux
Authors: Zhang Tao , Cao Yongsheng , Zhu Wenwen , Mao Changkun
Published: December 2023

Purpose
To analyze the efficacy of Cohen’s laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation in the treatment of pediatric vesicoureteral reflux and the associated common postoperative complications and their management.
Materials and methods
The clinical data of children with vesicoureteral reflux who underwent Cohen’s laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation at our hospital between January 2018 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Subsequently, the postoperative complications were managed and summarized.
Results
The average duration of Cohen's laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation surgery was 190.8 ± 52.9 min. The median blood loss was 10 mL. The inner diameter of ureter was 0.6 ± 0.3 cm, and the anterior-posterior diameter of the kidney pelvis was 0.9 ± 0.4 cm after surgery and exhibited significant reductions when compared to the pre-surgical measurements (1.1 ± 0.5 cm and 2.2 ± 1.2 cm, respectively). The thickness of the kidney cortex (0.56 ± 0.18 cm) displayed a significant increase relative to its preoperative measurement (0.45 ± 0.15 cm). The surgical intervention resulted in a substantial decrease in the occurrence of reflux in children, dropping from 100% preoperatively to 3.1% postoperatively. Similarly, the rate of urinary tract infection after surgery significantly decreased to 15.6%, compared to the preoperative percentage of 90.6%. seven children developed bladder spasm, five experienced postoperative hydronephrosis, and one had ureteral obstruction. Additionally, nine children experienced bladder dysfunction such as urinary frequency and urgency post-surgery.
Conclusions
Cohen’s laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation is an effective treatment for primary vesicoureteral reflux in children. Although it is not always possible to entirely prevent postoperative complications, active management can aid in their gradual recovery.
The correlation between interprofessional collaboration and nursing empowerment within interprofessional educational environments enhanced by clinical simulation (SIM-IPE) and in real-world care scenarios
Authors: Casòliva Laura Macià , Olid Clara Selva , Claret Carlota Riera
Published: December 2023

Objectives: Investigating the correlation between interprofessional collaboration and nursing empowerment.
Methodology: Qualitative study of an interpretive phenomenological type with purposive sampling until data saturation. Data collection involves non-participant observation in Simulation-Enhanced Interprofessional Education environments (SIM-IPE), semi-structured interviews with six participating nurses, observation in a semi-critical care unit during the arrival of COVID-19, and eight interviews with participating nurses. Analysing the entire data corpus reveals 35 codes subsumed into eight categories and two final themes.
Results: It was possible to determine the existence of factors influencing perceptions of the nursing profession in interprofessional teams, including a positive team atmosphere, perceived safety within the environment, generation of emotions, recognition of key aspects, and opportunities for individual and collective improvement. Additionally, the study identifies the implications of nursing empowerment in interprofessional teams, such as introspection, self-analysis, awareness of impact, and positive perceptions.
Conclusions: The research highlights interactive elements within interprofessional teams contributing to nursing empowerment, along with positive implications for the effective functioning of interprofessional teams resulting from the empowerment of the nursing group.
Genomic insights into colistin and tigecycline resistance in ESBL- producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring blaKPC genes in Ecuador
Authors: Ortega David , Vinueza-Burgos Christian , Canto Felipe Del , Barba Pedro , Rios Rafael , Diaz Lorena , Reyes Jinnethe , Arias Cesar A. , Zurita Jeannete
Published: December 2023

Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, colistin, and tigecycline, becoming a major public health priority. Mainly within the developing world. However, their genomic epidemiology and possible determinants of resistance remain to be elucidated. Thus, this study aimed to perform genomic characterizations for E. coli and K. pneumoniae that are resistant to last-line antibiotics, isolated from humans, and poultry, ther with a dairy-farm environment within Ecuador. This study analyzed, at the genomic level, nine 3CG-resistant E. coli isolates harboring the mcr-1 gene (six from poultry farms, two from human infections, and one from dairy-farm compost), together with ten isolated colistin and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae clinical samples. E. coli isolates of human origin belonged to ST609 and phylogroup A, while poultry and compost isolates belonged to differing STs and phylogroups A, B1, E, and F. K. pneumoniae isolates were ST13 (five isolates), ST258 (four isolates) and ST86 (one isolate). Within E. coli isolates, blaCTX-M-55, blaCTX-M-65, blaCTX-M-15, and blaCTX-M-2 genes were identified. This study also identified blaCMY-2 and blaKPC-3 (the latter in a carbapenem-susceptible isolate). The plasmid-borne mcr-1.1 gene was identified across all E. coli isolates within an IncI2 plasmid (reference for assembling CP018669). Tigecycline-reduced susceptibility or resistance was related to missense-sense mutations in marA and acrA genes. Within K. pneumoiae, blaCTX-M-15 and blaCTX-M-65 blaKPC-2 and blaKPC-3, encoding ESBLs and carbapenemases, were detected. The blaKPC-2 genes were identified in a ̴ 10-kb Tn4401 transposon, with genetic context being: tnpR-tnpA-istA-istB-blaKPC-2-tnpA. This investigation identified a nonsense mutation in mgrB (K3*) and several mis-sense mutations within arnB, eptA, pmrB, pmrJ, and phoQ, linked to colistin resistance. Tigecycline resistance was linked to nonsense and mis-sense mutations within the ramR gene. Additionally, this study identified several integrons, including Int191(5’CS-dfrA14-3’CS), which was the most prevalent integron among E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, followed by Int0 (5’CS-3'CS) and int18 (5’CS-dfrA1-3'CS). These results could contribute to future MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae epidemiological studies.
WITHDRAWN: Analysis of Colorectal Cancer Trends, Clinicopathological Features, Surgical Treatment Patterns, Prognoses, and Nomogram for Survival Predicting: A Retrospective Cohort Study on Patients Managed from 2019 to 2021 at West Kazakhstan
Authors: Imanbayev Nauryzbay , Iztleuov Yerbolat , Kaliyev Asset , Mussin Nadiar , Zare Afshin , Aldyngurov Daulet , Kairatovich Izdenov , Zhilisbayeva Kulyash , Tamadon Amin
Published: December 2023

Background/Objective
This retrospective cohort study aimed to comprehensively analyze colorectal cancer (CRC) trends, clinico-pathological features, surgical treatment patterns, and prognoses among patients managed from 2019 to 2021 at the West Kazakhstan Medical University.
Methods
Medical records of 420 patients diagnosed with CRC were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to explore the impact of demographic, clinical, and molecular factors on CRC characteristics, progression, treatment, and cancer-related mortality.
Results
Univariate analyses revealed that age, tumor morphology, tumor stage, tumor infiltration depth, lymph node involvement, and metastasis significantly influenced CRC outcomes. Notably, older age (> 65 years) was associated with reduced cancer progression. Adenocarcinomas with higher grades displayed negative correlations with disease progression, and tumor stage exhibited strong associations with progression and prognosis. Multivariate analyses confirmed these findings, highlighting the complex interactions between these factors.
Conclusion
This study provides a comprehensive assessment of CRC trends, clinico-pathological features, treatment patterns, and prognoses. The integration of univariate and multivariate analyses enhances our understanding of the intricate interplay of demographic, clinical, and molecular factors in shaping CRC outcomes. Personalized treatment approaches considering these interactions could improve CRC care.
Electroacupuncture attenuates ferroptosis by promoting Nrf2 nuclear translocation and activating Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway in ischemic stroke
Authors: yang xichen , yang xichen
Published: December 2023

Objective
Electroacupuncture has been shown to play a neuroprotective role following ischemic stroke, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. The ferroptosis has been shown to play a key role in the injury process. In present study we wanted to explore whether electroacupuncture could inhibit ferroptosis by promoting nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2(Nrf2) nuclear translocation.
Methods
The ischemic stroke model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R) in adult rats. These rats have been randomly divided into the EA + MCAO/R group, the MCAO/R group, the EA + MCAO/R + Brusatol group(the inhibitor of Nrf2) and the EA + MCAO/R + DMSO group, and the Sham group. The EA + MCAO/R group, EA + MCAO/R + Brusatol group and the EA + MCAO/R + DMSO group received EA intervention at 24 hours after modeling for consecutive 7 days. The behavioral function was evaluated by Neurologic severity score(NSS), Garcia score, Foot-fault Test and Rotarod Test. The infarct volume were detected by TTC staining..The levels of Fe2+, reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) were measured by ELISA. The immunofluorescence and Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Total Nrf2, p-Nrf2, Nuclear Nrf2 and Cytoplasmic Nrf2, and the essential ferroptosis proteins, including glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11) and ferritin heavy chain 1(FTH1). The mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).
Results
Electroacupuncture improved neurological deficits in rats model of MCAO/R, decrease the brain infarct volume, and inhibited the Fe2+, ROS and MDA accumulation, increased SOD levels, increased the expression of GPX4, SLC7A11 and FTH1, and rescued injured mitochondria. Especially, we found that the electroacupuncture up-regulated the expression of Nrf2, and promote phosphorylation of Nrf2 and nuclear translocation,However, Nrf2 inhibitor Brusatol reversed the neuroprotective effect of electroacupuncture.
Conclusion
These findings indicate that electroacupuncture confers neuroprotection against ischemic stroke through inhibitting ferroptosis. The underlying mechanism may be that electroacupuncture promote Nrf2 nuclear translocation and activate Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway.
Assessment of Awareness and Willingness to Adopt Solar Energy in Ghana – Perspective from End Users
Authors: Awuku Samuel Amo , Bennadji Amar , Muhammad-Sukki Firdaus , Prabhu Radhakrishna , Sellami Nazmi
Published: December 2023

The culture of sustainable and clean energy has become a top priority in many countries globally partly due to the issue of climate change and energy paucity. Solar energy is one of the most adopted energy sources due to its clean nature and availability, especially in areas with high sunlight. Despite the apparent benefits, its adoption is relatively low, especially in developing countries such as Ghana. This study thus employs a quantitative approach to assess the awareness and adoptability of solar energy in Ghana. It reaches out to 412 respondents across all 16 regions of the country through survey questionnaires. The results indicate that the respondents' awareness of solar energy was high (97.1%) partly because most had formal education (first degree). 73.7% of the respondents indicated that they heard about it from the media (news, radio, and outdoor adverts). Also, 87% were willing to adopt solar energy for their homes should there be a flexible loan facility that could be paid for over 10 years. It was also discovered that the level of education has an impact on awareness and adoption of solar energy. This study recommends that stakeholders should prioritise mechanisms to increase solar energy awareness, and a viable financial scheme must be made available to help boost the adoption of solar energy in Ghana. Additionally, efforts must be made by stakeholders to train hands-on technicians to boost adopter confidence. This study is expected to serve as a resourceful reference for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders.