bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shoulder replacement: an epidemiological nationwide study from 2009 to 2019
Authors: Longo Umile Giuseppe , Papalia Rocco , Castagna Alessandro , De Salvatore Sergio , Guerra Enrico , Piergentili Ilaria , Denaro Vincenzo
Published: September 2022

Background

Shoulder replacement (SR) constitutes the gold standard treatment for severe shoulder diseases, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, complex fractures, avascular necrosis and rotator cuff arthropathy. Although several countries have national registries, there is a lack of epidemiological data on SR. Sharing national statistics and correlating those to other countries could be helpful to compare outcomes and costs internationally. This paper aims to evaluate the trend of hospitalizations for SR (both first implants and revisions of anatomical and reverse prosthesis) in Italy from 2009 to 2019, based on the National Hospital Discharge Reports (S.D.O) provided by the Italian National Health Service (INHS). Moreover, the economic impact on the healthcare system of SR and SR revisions was assessed, providing a statistical prediction for the next ten years.

Methods

The data used in this paper were about patients who underwent Total Shoulder Replacement (TSR), Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty (SH) or Revision of shoulder joint replacement (RSR) from 2009 to 2019 in Italy. Information about patients was anonymous and included age, sex, days of hospitalization, procedures and diagnoses codes.

Results

From 2009 to 2019, 73,046 TSR and SH were performed in adult Italian residents, with a cumulative incidence of 13.6 cases per 100,000 adult Italian residents. While, 2,129 revisions of shoulder replacement were performed, with a cumulative incidence of 0.4 cases per 100,000 residents. Overall, females represented the majority of the cases (72.4% of patients who underwent TSR or SH and 59.1% of patients who underwent RSR). From 2009 to 2019, has been assessed an overall cost of 625,638,990€ for TSR or SH procedures in Italy. While, an overall cost of 9,855,141€ for RSR procedures in Italy was calculated.

Conclusions

The incidence of SR and RSR is expected to increase in the following years, constituting a burden for the healthcare systems. Overall, in Italy, the females represented the majority of patients. Further prospective studies on this topic in different countries can be con-ducted to make comparisons.
Effect of the prosthetic index on stress distribution in Morse taper connection implant system and peri-implant bone: a 3D finite element analysis
Authors: Zhang Wen-tao , Cheng Kang-jie , Liu Yun-feng , Wang Russell , Chen Yun-fang , Ding Yu-de , Yang Fan , Wang Lin-hong
Published: September 2022

Background

The combination of a prosthetic index with Morse taper connection was developed, with the purpose of making prosthetic procedures more precise. However, the presence of the index may compromise the mechanical performance of the abutment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of prosthetic index on stress distribution in implant–abutment-screw system and peri-implant bone by using the 3D finite element methodology.

Methods

Two commercial dental implant systems with different implant–abutment connections were used: the Morse taper connection with platform switching (MT-PS) implant system and the internal hex connection with platform matching (IH-PM) implant system. Meanwhile, there are two different designs of Morse taper connection abutment, namely, abutments with or without index. Consequently, three different models were developed and evaluated: (1) MT-PS indexed, (2) MT-PS non-indexed, and (3) IH-PM. These models were inserted into a bone block. Vertical and oblique forces of 100 N were applied to each abutment to simulate occlusal loadings.

Results

For the MT-PS implant system, the maximum stress was always concentrated in the abutment neck under both vertical and oblique loading. Moreover, the maximum von Mises stress in the neck of the MT-PS abutment with index even exceed the yield strength of titanium alloy under the oblique loading. For the IH-PM implant system, however, the maximum stress was always located at the implant. Additionally, the MT-PS implant system has a significantly higher stress level in the abutment neck and a lower stress level around the peri-implant bone compared to the IH-PM implant system. The combined average maximum stress from vertical and oblique loads is 2.04 times higher in the MT-PS indexed model, and 1.82 times for the MT-PS non-indexed model than that of the IH-PM model.

Conclusions

MT-PS with index will cause higher stress concentration on the abutment neck than that of without index, which is more prone to mechanical complications. Nevertheless, MT-PS decreases stress within cancellous bone and may contribute to limiting crestal bone resorption.
Pharmacological mechanism and therapeutic efficacy of Icariside II in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and network pharmacological analysis
Authors: Wang Xu , Li Jinjian , Liu Lifang , Kan Jun-Ming , Niu Ping , Yu Zi-Qiao , Ma Chunyu , Dong Fuxiang , Han Mo-Xuan , Li Jinhua , Zhao De-xi
Published: September 2022

Background and objective

Epimedii has long been used as a traditional medicine in Asia for the treatment of various common diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, cancer, erectile dysfunction, and stroke. Studies have reported the ameliorative effects of Icariside II (ICS II), a major metabolite of Epimedii, on acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in animal models. Based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the effects and neuroprotective mechanisms of ICS II on AIS.

Methods

First, we have searched 6 databases using studies with ICS II treatment on AIS animal models to explore the efficacy of ICS II on AIS in preclinical studies. The literature retrieval time ended on March 8, 2022 (Systematic Review Registration ID: CRD42022306291). There were no restrictions on the language of the search strategy. Systematic review follows the Patient, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (PICO) methodology and framework. SYCLE's RoB tool was used to evaluate the the risk of bias. In network pharmacology, AIS-related genes were identified and the target-pathway network was constructed. Then, these targets were used in the enrichments of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways and gene ontology (GO). Molecular docking and MD simulation were finally employed between ICS II and the potential target genes.

Results

Twelve publications were included describing outcomes of 1993 animals. The literature details, animal strains, induction models, doses administered, duration of administration, and outcome measures were extracted from the 12 included studies. ICS II has a good protective effect against AIS. Most of the studies in this systematic review had the appropriate methodological quality, but some did not clearly state the controlling for bias of potential study. Network pharmacology identified 246 targets with SRC, CTNNB1, HSP90AA1, MAPK1, and RELA as the core target proteins. Besides, 215 potential pathways of ICS II were identified, such as PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. GO enrichment analysis showed that ICS II was significantly enriched in subsequent regulation such as MAPK cascade. Molecular docking and MD simulations showed that ICS II can closely bind with important targets.

Conclusions

ICS II is a promising drug in the treatment of AIS. However, this systematic review reveals key knowledge gaps (i.e., the protective role of ICS II in women) that ICS II must address before it can be used for the treatment of human AIS. Our study shows that ICS II plays a protective role in AIS through multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics, providing ideas for the development of drugs for the treatment of AIS.
Should more patients be offered repair for mitral valve endocarditis? a single-centre 15-year experience
Authors: Ng Yin Ling Clarissa , Bleetman David , Pal Soumik , Leung Hing Chi Kristie , Khan Habib , Whitaker Donald , Wendler Olaf , Deshpande Ranjit , Baghai Max
Published: September 2022

Objective

To describe the long-term outcomes of mitral valve repair (MVr) versus mitral valve replacement (MVR) in patients with native valve infective endocarditis (IE) at a centre with high-repair rates.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective single-centre cohort study. From 2005 to 2021, 183 patients with active or healed native valve IE were included. The primary outcome was long-term mortality. Patient status was last confirmed 31 March 2021. Secondary outcomes were post-operative MR, MV reoperation, length of post-operative intensive care stay and total hospital stay.

Results

85 patients (46.4%) underwent MVr and 98 (53.6%) underwent MVR. Follow-up was 98.9% complete. Mean follow-up time was 5.3 years with 17% of patients reaching a follow-up time of over 10 years. There were 47 deaths (25.7%) within the follow-up period. MVR patients were more likely to have higher logistic EuroSCORE, active IE and were less likely to have elective surgery. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, there was no significant difference in long-term mortality between MVr and MVR groups (hazard ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval [0.59–2.00]). In Kaplan–Meier analysis, MVR patients had a higher all-cause mortality although there was no significant difference at the endpoint. Propensity score matching analysis showed a significantly higher mortality in the replacement group instead (p = 0.002), Subgroup analysis revealed there remained no significant difference in mortality even in patients with active IE (P-interaction = 0.859) or non-elective surgery (P-interaction = 0.122). MV reoperation (odds ratio 1.00 [0.24–4.12]), post-operative intensive care stay (p = 0.9650) and total hospital stay (p = 0.9144) were comparable.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrates repair was at least non-inferior to replacement in IE, supporting more aggressive use of repair. There is no reason the general principle of why repair is superior to replacement should not hold in IE, with enough operator expertise. Other experienced units should be encouraged to increase repair rates as feasible in line with current guidelines.
Mental health symptoms of youth initiating psychiatric care at different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Crandal Brent R. , Hazen Andrea L. , Dickson Kelsey S. , Tsai Chia-Yu Kathryn , Trask Emily Velazquez , Aarons Gregory A.
Published: September 2022

Objective

To examine differences in caregiver and youth reported mental health symptoms for youth initiating mental health treatment through phases of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic, compared with symptomology reported the prior year.

Study design

This retrospective study analyzes group differences in mental health symptoms (Pediatric Symptom Checklist; PSC-35) based on 7874 youth seeking treatment in publicly funded mental health treatment programs during California’s Stay-At-Home order (March–May, 2020) and the prolonged pandemic (May–December, 2020) phases of the COVID-19 pandemic as compared with matching groups in 2019.

Results

Youth entering mental health treatment services, and their caregivers, reported significantly increased internalizing, externalizing, and attention-related symptoms during the prolonged pandemic phase, but not during the acute stay-at-home phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, and with small effect sizes. Group comparison analyses did not detect a significantly larger effect for Sexual and Gender Diverse (SGD) youth who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, asexual, transgender, Two-Spirit, queer, and/or intersex, and Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC).

Conclusions

A large-scale comparison of youth mental health symptoms before and during the COVID-19 pandemic suggests that mental health was disrupted for youth seeking treatment as the pandemic prolonged throughout 2020.
MBD5 and MBD6 stabilize the BAP1 complex and promote BAP1-dependent cancer
Authors: Tsuboyama Natsumi , Szczepanski Aileen Patricia , Zhao Zibo , Wang Lu
Published: September 2022

Background

BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) is an ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase, which forms a multi-protein complex with different epigenetic factors, such as ASXL1-3 and FOXK1/2. At the chromatin level, BAP1 catalyzes the removal of mono-ubiquitination on histone H2AK119 in collaboration with other subunits within the complex and functions as a transcriptional activator in mammalian cells. However, the crosstalk between different subunits and how these subunits impact BAP1’s function remains unclear.

Results

We report the identification of the methyl-CpG-binding domain proteins 5 and 6 (MBD5 and MBD6) that bind to the C-terminal PHD fingers of the large scaffold subunits ASXL1-3 and stabilize the BAP1 complex at the chromatin. We further identify a novel Drosophila protein, the six-banded (SBA), as an ortholog of human MBD5 and MBD6, and demonstrate that the core modules of the BAP1 complex is structurally and functionally conserved from Drosophila (Calypso/ASX/SBA) to human cells (BAP1/ASXL/MBD). Dysfunction of the BAP1 complex induced by the misregulation/mutations in its subunit(s) are frequent in many human cancers. In BAP1-dependent human cancers, such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC), MBD6 tends to be a part of the predominant complex formed. Therefore, depletion of MBD6 leads to a global loss of BAP1 occupancy at the chromatin, resulting in a reduction of BAP1-dependent gene expression and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions

We characterize MBD5 and MBD6 as important regulators of the BAP1 complex and maintain its transcriptional landscape, shedding light on the therapeutic potential of targeting MBD5 and MBD6 in BAP1-dependent human cancers.
TRIM3 and TRIM16 as potential tumor suppressors in breast cancer patients
Authors: Roshanazadeh Mohammad Reza , Adelipour Maryam , Sanaei Arash , Chenane Hadi , Rashidi Mojtaba
Published: September 2022

Objective

Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women in many countries. Numerous factors serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in breast cancer. The large family of Tripartite-motif (TRIM) proteins with ~ 80 members has drawn attention for their role in cancer.TRIM3andTRIM16have shown suppressive activity in different cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the expression ofTRIM3andTRIM16in cancerous and normal breast samples and to investigate their association with different clinical and pathological parameters.

Results

qRT-PCR was utilized to determine the gene expression ofTRIM3andTRIM16. The expression ofTRIM3andTRIM16genes in tumor samples were significantly reduced to 0.45 and 0.29 fold, respectively.TRIM3andTRIM16genes expression were both positively correlated with the invasion of breast cancer.TRIM3gene expression was associated with tumors’ histological grade. However, no significant association was found between the expression of the genes and tumor size, stage and necrosis. The expression ofTRIM3andTRIM16are significantly reduced in breast cancer tissues. Besides, the expression of bothTRIM3andTRIM16genes significantly plummet in lymphatic/vascular and perineural invasive samples. Hence, we suggest a potential tumor suppressor role forTRIM3andTRIM16in breast cancer.
Differential methylation in EGLN1 associates with blood oxygen saturation and plasma protein levels in high-altitude pulmonary edema
Authors: Sharma Kavita , Mishra Aastha , Singh Himanshu , Thinlas Tashi , Pasha M. A. Qadar
Published: September 2022

Background

High-altitude (HA, 2500 m) hypoxic exposure evokes a multitude of physiological processes. The hypoxia-sensing genes though influence transcriptional output in disease susceptibility; the exact regulatory mechanisms remain undetermined in high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). Here, we investigated the differential DNA methylation distribution in the two genes encoding the oxygen-sensing HIF-prolyl hydroxylases, prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) and factor inhibiting HIF-1α and the consequent contributions to the HAPE pathophysiology.

Methods

Deep sequencing of the sodium bisulfite converted DNA segments of the two genes, Egl nine homolog 1 (EGLN1) and Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 Subunit Alpha Inhibitor (HIF1AN), was conducted to analyze the differential methylation distribution in three study groups, namely HAPE-patients (HAPE-p), HAPE-free sojourners (HAPE-f) and healthy HA natives (HLs). HAPE-p and HAPE-f were permanent residents of low altitude (< 200 m) of North India who traveled to Leh (3500 m), India, and were recruited through Sonam Norboo Memorial (SNM) hospital, Leh. HLs were permanent residents of altitudes at and above 3500 m. In addition to the high resolution, bisulfite converted DNA sequencing, gene expression of EGLN1 and HIF1AN and their plasma protein levels were estimated.

Results

A significantly lower methylation distribution of CpG sites was observed in EGLN1 and higher in HIF1AN (P < 0.01) in HAPE-p compared to the two control groups, HAPE-f and HLs. Of note, differential methylation distribution of a few CpG sites, 231,556,748, 231,556,804, 231,556,881, 231,557,317 and 231,557,329, in EGLN1 were significantly associated with the risk of HAPE (OR = 4.79–10.29; P = 0.048–004). Overall, the methylation percentage in EGLN1 correlated with upregulated plasma PHD2 levels (R = − 0.36, P = 0.002) and decreased peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels (R = 0.34, P = 0.004). We also identified a few regulatory SNPs in the DNA methylation region of EGLN1 covering chr1:231,556,683–231,558,443 suggestive of the functional role of differential methylation distribution of these CpG sites in the regulation of the genes and consequently in the HIF-1α signaling.

Conclusions

Significantly lower methylation distribution in EGLN1 and the consequent physiological influences annotated its functional epigenetic relevance in the HAPE pathophysiology.
Memory markers in the continuum of the Alzheimer’s clinical syndrome
Authors: Parra Mario A. , Calia Clara , Pattan Vivek , Della Sala Sergio
Published: September 2022

Background

The individual and complementary value of the Visual Short-Term Memory Binding Test (VSTMBT) and the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) as markers to trace the AD continuum was investigated. It was hypothesised that the VSTMBT would be an early indicator while the FCSRT would inform on imminent progression.

Methods

Healthy older adults (n=70) and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n=80) were recruited and followed up between 2012 and 2017. Participants with at least two assessment points entered the study. Using baseline and follow-up assessments four groups were defined: Older adults who were healthy (HOA), with very mild cognitive but not functional impairment (eMCI), and with MCI who did and did not convert to dementia (MCI converters and non-converters).

Results

Only the VSTMBT predicted group membership in the very early stages (HOA vs eMCI). As the disease progressed, the FCSRT became a strong predictor excluding the VSTMB from the models. Their complementary value was high during the mid-prodromal stages and decreased in stages closer to dementia.

Discussion

The study supports the notion that neuropsychological assessment for AD needs to abandon the notion of one-size-fits-all. A memory toolkit for AD needs to consider tools that are early indicators and tools that suggest imminent progression. The VSTMBT and the FSCRT are such tools.
A clinician’s guide for administration of high-concentration and facilitated subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement therapy in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases
Authors: Epland Kristin , Suez Daniel , Paris Kenneth
Published: September 2022

Immunoglobulin replacement therapy is the standard-of-care treatment for patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases who have impaired antibody production and function. Clinicians and patients may consider intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) options, and each route may offer different benefits for the individual. IVIG requires fewer infusion sites and less frequent infusions than some formulations of SCIG. However, SCIG does not require venous access, is associated with fewer systemic adverse infusion reactions than IVIG, and can independently be self-administered at home. Importantly, tailoring treatment experiences to the needs of the individual may improve treatment adherence and quality of life for patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases who often rely on long-term or lifelong treatment. This review aims to educate United States (US) healthcare providers on the administration process of SCIG, with a focus on more concentrated formulations of SCIG and facilitated SCIG. It provides practical guidance on initiating, optimizing, and monitoring SCIG therapy. The advantages and disadvantages of the different treatment options are also presented for discussion between the patient and clinician.
Does less working time improve life satisfaction? Evidence from European Social Survey
Authors: Shao Qinglong
Published: September 2022

Background

Worktime is one of the main drivers of life satisfaction, and a balanced distribution of working hours and leisure hours directly impacts feelings of well-being. Based on previous studies, we seek to confirm this relationship in the European context and explore other potential driving forces of life satisfaction. Health condition as the mediating variable is also examined.

Methods

This article uses an ordered probit model to analyze the impact of working time on life satisfaction using data extracted from the most recent round (wave 10) of the European Social Survey (ESS). Hypotheses are proposed to test the impact of working time on life satisfaction, the mediating effect of health in the worktime–satisfaction nexus, and the effects of social inclusion, social trust, feelings of safety, and digitalization on life satisfaction.

Results

The results reveal a negative and significant correlation between hours of work and life satisfaction, thus implying that a shorter working week can improve Europeans’ life satisfaction. Health is found to be an important intermediate variable that plays an essential role in the dynamic through which working times influence life satisfaction. Further, we find that those in the middle class prefer to work shorter hours to achieve a higher feeling of satisfaction and that high earners to a lesser extent, while low earners generally show no preference. Employees of private firms are more satisfied with shorter working hours, while satisfaction for those working in public institutions is not affected by changes in hours worked. Finally, we verify the robustness of our estimations by replacing life satisfaction with happiness.

Conclusions

Working fewer hours contributes to higher life satisfaction in Europe, and health plays an essential mediating role in this relationship. Social inclusion, social trust, feelings of safety and digitalization all play a factor in improving life satisfaction. Compared to other job categories, private sector employees can achieve greater life satisfaction from reducing their total working time.
What is the most appropriate method for the measurement of the range of motion in the lumbar spine and how does surgical fixation affect the range of movement of the lumbar spine in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? A systematic review protocol
Authors: Hartley Laura , Zappalà Mattia , Ehiogu Uzo , Heneghan Nicola R. , Gardner Adrian
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional rotational change in the normal shape of the spine which affects children aged 10 to 18 years. Both the condition and its management can have significant impact on functional ability. Currently, expected restriction in spinal motion is experience based, rather than evidence based, and discussions to inform patient expectations pre-operatively can be difficult. The aim of this review is to evaluate the evidence pertaining to measurement of spinal motion and whether this is altered following surgery, dependent on the anatomical level of surgical fixation in AIS. 

Methods/analysis

This protocol is reported in line with both PRISMA-P and informed by the COSMIN methodology. Electronic databases will be searched using a two-stage search strategy. The first stage will identify and evaluate the methods used to assess spinal motion. The second stage aims to evaluate the change in spinal motion using these methods based on anatomical level of fixation following surgery along with the measurement properties of those methods, to include the validity, reliability and responsiveness of the methods. Two reviewers will independently screen the search results against eligibility criteria, extract the data and assess the quality of the included studies. Any disputes between the reviewers will be resolved with a third independent reviewer. Data may be pooled where possible; however, this is not expected. The overall strength of the body of evidence will then be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Patient and public involvement

Patients and members of the public will not be consulted in the production of this review, although the review was conceived based on the experiences of the authors when managing this patient population and a need to address patient expectations in pre-operative planning.

Ethics, dissemination and data availability

No ethical approval required. The final review will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication and disseminated publicly. The datasets used and/or analysed in this review will be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. 

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO registration number.

CRD42021282264.
A deformation-dependent coupled Lagrangian/semi-Lagrangian meshfree hydromechanical formulation for landslide modeling
Authors: Baek Jonghyuk , Schlinkman Ryan T. , Beckwith Frank N. , Chen Jiun-Shyan
Published: September 2022

The numerical modelling of natural disasters such as landslides presents several challenges for conventional mesh-based methods such as the finite element method (FEM) due to the presence of numerically challenging phenomena such as severe material deformation and fragmentation. In contrast, meshfree methods such as the reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM) possess unique features conducive to modelling extreme events such as the absence of a structured mesh and the ease of adaptive refinement, among others. While the semi-Lagrangian reproducing kernel (SL-RK) shape functions of RKPM defined in the current configuration have proven to be effective in extreme event modelling, the computational cost for the re-evaluation of the shape functions at every time step is costly. In this work, a deformation-dependent coupling of the Lagrangian reproducing kernel (L-RK) and SL-RK approximations is proposed for the solution of a hydro-mechanical formulation for effective simulations of landslides. The ramp function is constructed based on an equivalent plastic strain as a deformation-dependent transition from L-RK shape functions to SL-RK ones as the deformation progresses. The particular focus of the paper will be on modelling seepage-induced landslides with a mixed$$u$$u–$$p$$pformulation to couple the solid and fluid phases. Examples are presented to examine the effectiveness of this coupled Lagrangian/semi-Lagrangian reproducing kernel (L–SL RK) formulation and to highlight its performance in landslide modelling.
Parenting children with autism spectrum disorder in the United Arab Emirates: Exploring perceptions towards using the picture exchange communication system to enhance the development of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Safi Mohammed F. , Alshamsi Mariam , Opoku Maxwell Peprah
Published: September 2022

Background

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an interplay between biological, social and environmental factors that impact the development of individuals. However, core characteristics are social, communication and behaviour challenges that restrict children’s participation in society. Consequently, there are discussions regarding the need for society to develop interventions that are geared towards promoting the participation of children with ASD in societies. While the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) helps lessen the biological characteristics of children with ASD, its impact has rarely been explored in non-western societies, such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Objectives

The instant study’s purpose was to explore parents’ perceptions of the effectiveness of the PECS on the communicative, social and academic developments of children with ASD in UAE.

Method

The Perception Towards Picture Exchange Communication Scale (PTPECS) was developed to collect data from the participants. The newly developed tool was piloted and validated before being implemented. The participants included 73 caregivers of children with ASD in the UAE.

Results

The following non-parametric tests were conducted: Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and spearman rho. The results revealed that the parents were generally positive about employing the PECS to support the development of their children with ASD. There was also a positive association between using the PECS and improving communication, learning and social skills in children with ASD.

Conclusion

It is imperative that educators and policymakers envisage parents as equal partners in providing rehabilitation services to children with ASD. Various implications, such as the need for continual engagement and empowering parents of children with ASD, are discussed.
Evaluation and analysis of anxiety and depression symptoms for college students during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gao Dingwei , Xiang Qingzhi , Lu Ganghua , Tong Junyu , Jiang Wen , Yu Xiaqing , Wang Ru , Lv Zhongwei , Li Dan
Published: September 2022

Background

The mental health of students is affected by COVID-19. We aim to evaluate the anxiety and depression symptoms among college students during COVID-19 pandemic, analyze the influence factors that contribute to college students’ anxiety and depression symptoms, and provide some suggestions for improving the mental health of college students.

Methods

With 179 college students participating, an online questionnaire consisting of a general questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was conducted in universities in Shanghai. The anxiety and depression symptoms among college students were evaluated using GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales, and influence factors were analyzed using an unordered multi-class Logistic regression model.

Results

The reliability and validity of the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales were good (reliability ≥ 0.9, validity = 100%). The incidence of anxiety was 32.4%, of which were 23.5%, 8.4%, and 0.6% in mild, moderate, and severe, respectively; and the incidence of depression was 46.40%, of which in mild, moderate, moderate to severe, and severe were 28.5%, 10.1%, 7.3%, and 0.6%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that male students with strong psychological quality, who were not easily affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, who received less negative or false information, and who had a strong grasp of psychology and related knowledge were less likely to suffer from mild or moderate anxiety symptoms [OR (95% CI) 0.18 (0.04, 0.81), 0.12 (0.05, 0.33), 0.23 (0.06, 0.89) and 0.07 (0.01, 0.74)]. Furthermore, college students who were not affected by the COVID-19 pandemic were less likely to suffer from mild, moderate, and moderate to severe depression symptoms [OR (95% CI) 0.23 (0.08, 0.65), 0.22 (0.05, 0.93), 0.10 (0.02, 0.54)].

Conclusion

The GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales are suitable for evaluating anxiety and depression symptoms in college students. The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a high incidence of anxiety and depression symptoms among college students, although gender and mental state fluctuations during the pandemic, negative and false information, and exposure to psychology and related courses were the main influencing factors.
Dysfunction and ceRNA network of the tumor suppressor miR-637 in cancer development and prognosis
Authors: Shen Jinze , Liang Chenhao , Su Xinming , Wang Qurui , Ke Yufei , Fang Jie , Zhang Dayong , Duan Shiwei
Published: September 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs ranging from 17 to 25 nt in length. miR-637 is down-regulated in most cancers and up-regulated only in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). miR-637 can target 21 protein-coding genes, which are involved in the regulation of cell growth, cell cycle, cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer cell invasion and metastasis, etc. In glioma, the transcription factor ZEB2 can bind to the miR-637 promoter region and inhibit miR-637 expression. Besides, miR-637 could be negatively regulated by competing endogenous RNA (ceRNAs) comprising 13 circular RNA (circRNAs) and 9 long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs). miR-637 is involved in regulating five signaling pathways, including the Jak/STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT, and ERK signaling pathways. Low miR-637 expression was significantly associated with larger tumors and later tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging in cancer patients. Low miR-637 expression was also associated with poorer overall survival (OS) in cancer patients such as glioblastoma and low-grade gliomas (GBM/LGG), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and ovarian cancer (OV). Low expression of miR-637 increases the resistance of colorectal cancer (CRC) and human cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL) cancer cells to three anticancer chemotherapeutics (gemcitabine (dFdC), cisplatin (DDP), and oxaliplatin (OXA)). Our work summarizes the abnormal expression of miR-637 in various cancers, expounds on the ceRNA regulatory network and signaling pathway involved in miR-637, and summarizes the effect of its abnormal expression on the biological behavior of tumor cells. At the same time, the relationship between the expression levels of miR-637 and its related molecules and the prognosis and pathological characteristics of patients was further summarized. Finally, our work points out the insufficiency of miR-637 in current studies and is expected to provide potential clues for future miR-637-related studies.
Cypripedium subtropicum embryo development and cytokinin requirements for asymbiotic germination
Authors: Perner Holger , Zhou Rong , Perner Wenqing , Jiang Hong , Lee Yung-I.
Published: September 2022

Background

Cypripedium subtropicum is a unique, endangered lady’s slipper orchid with evergreen leaves on non-dormant shoots that is native to southwestern China. This study documents the major developmental events in C. subtropicum seed development from fertilization to seed maturity, determines the optimum period for seed collection, and examines the cytokinin requirements for asymbiotic germination and protocorm survival.

Results

Structural studies revealed that embryo development proceeded after successful fertilization at 60 days after pollination (DAP). At 105 DAP, a globular embryo with the shrinking inner seed coat was observed, and seeds collected at this time point exhibited optimal germination. After 120 DAP, most seeds had a mature embryo within the capsule, and within the cells of the embryo proper, numerous proteins/lipid bodies were present as the main storage products. In addition, the inner seed coat had compressed into a thin layer that tightly enclosed the embryo, while the outer seed coat had progressively elongated, resulting in a hair-like appearance of the mature seed. Histochemical staining using Nile red and toluidine blue O (TBO) indicated that the lignified inner and outer seed coats may lead to coat-imposed dormancy. Seeds collected at this stage germinated poorly. Analyses of cytokinin preferences and optimal concentrations for germination and protocorm survival showed that both 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino) purine (2iP) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) enhanced germination compared with the control, although higher concentrations of BA (4 and 8 μM) suppressed germination. The protocorm survival rate improved with increasing 2iP concentration.

Conclusions

This study provides a reproducible procedure for culturing immature seeds of C. subtropicum based on a defined time schedule of seed development. In addition, the cytokinin 2iP was shown to improve germination and protocorm survival. This study provides a scientific basis for seedling establishment through asymbiotic seed culture for further reintroduction efforts.
Impact of radiopharmaceutical therapy (177Lu, 225Ac) microdistribution in a cancer-associated fibroblasts model
Authors: Tranel Jonathan , Palm Stig , Graves Stephen A. , Feng Felix Y. , Hope Thomas A.
Published: September 2022

Background

The aim of this study is to elucidate the difference in absorbed dose (Dabs) patterns in radiopharmaceutical therapies between alpha emitters (225Ac) and beta emitters (177Lu) when targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) or tumor cells. Five spherical models with 3 mm diameter were created, representing spherical tumor masses that contain tumor clusters, interspersed with CAFs. The mean distance from a tumor cell to the nearest CAF (Lmean) varied throughout these models from 92 to 1030 µm. Dabs calculations were performed while selecting either CAFs or tumor cells as sources, with Convolution/Superposition with 177Lu and Monte Carlo simulations (GATE) with 225Ac. Analyses were conducted with Dose Volume Histograms and efficacy ratios (ER), which represents the ratio of mean Dabs that is deposited in the target volume.

Results

225Ac is the most optimal radionuclide when CAFs are both targeted and irradiating themselves, as ERs increase from 1.5 to 3.7 when Lmean increases from 92 to 1030 µm. With 177Lu, these numbers vary from 1.2 to 2.7. Conversely, when CAFs are sources and tumors are targets with 225Ac, ERs decreased from 0.8 to 0.1 when Lmean increases from 92 to 1030 µm. With 177Lu, these numbers vary from 0.9 to 0.3

Conclusion

When targeting CAFs to irradiate tumors, the efficacy of using 225Ac decreases as the average size of the tumor clusters (or Lmean) increases. In such situations, 177Lu will be more effective than 225Ac when targeting CAFs due to the longer beta particle range.
Microbiome ethics, guiding principles for microbiome research, use and knowledge management
Authors: Lange Lene , Berg Gabriele , Cernava Tomislav , Champomier-Vergès Marie-Christine , Charles Trevor , Cocolin Luca , Cotter Paul , D’Hondt Kathleen , Kostic Tanja , Maguin Emmanuelle , Makhalanyane Thulani , Meisner Annelein , Ryan Matthew , Kiran George Seghal , de Souza Rafael Soares , Sanz Yolanda , Schloter Michael , Smidt Hauke , Wakelin Steve , Sessitsch Angela
Published: September 2022

The overarching biological impact of microbiomes on their hosts, and more generally their environment, reflects the co-evolution of a mutualistic symbiosis, generating fitness for both. Knowledge of microbiomes, their systemic role, interactions, and impact grows exponentially. When a research field of importance for planetary health evolves so rapidly, it is essential to consider it from an ethical holistic perspective. However, to date, the topic of microbiome ethics has received relatively little attention considering its importance. Here, ethical analysis of microbiome research, innovation, use, and potential impact is structured around the four cornerstone principles of ethics: Do Good; Don’t Harm; Respect; Act Justly. This simple, but not simplistic approach allows ethical issues to be communicative and operational. The essence of the paper is captured in a set of eleven microbiome ethics recommendations, e.g., proposing gut microbiome status as common global heritage, similar to the internationally agreed status of major food crops.
Cystic hygroma in a female suckling pig: a case report
Authors: Holleboom R. G. , Bombosch D. , Wispels M. M. H. , Giglia G. , Tobias T. J.
Published: September 2022

Background

Cystic hygromas (lymphangiomas) are rarely reported in various animal species, humans included. A hygroma is a benign congenital malformation of the lymphatic drainage system, presenting itself as a mass consisting of multiple cysts of various sizes with a watery content.

Case presentation

This report describes clinical, ultrasonographic, and post-mortem findings of a cystic hygroma in a suckling pig. The mass was characterized by a few thin-walled cysts, containing clear yellow serous fluid. Histologically, the central cavity was lined by a single layer of squamous cells, supported by a thick fibrous stroma. On immunohistochemistry, scattered lining cells were weakly positive for Factor-VIII, suggesting their possible endothelial origin.

Conclusions

This case report contributes to raising awareness on this condition in pigs allowing early identification in life so that appropriate care can be provided. The case report attributes to science on hygromas in general, as better understanding of pathologic features, the aetiology and appropriate treatment are needed.
Nonviral delivery systems for antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics
Authors: Huang Si , Hao Xin-Yan , Li Yong-Jiang , Wu Jun‑Yong , Xiang Da-Xiong , Luo Shilin
Published: September 2022

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are an important tool for the treatment of many genetic disorders. However, similar to other gene drugs, vectors are often required to protect them from degradation and clearance, and to accomplish their transport in vivo. Compared with viral vectors, artificial nonviral nanoparticles have a variety of design, synthesis, and formulation possibilities that can be selected to accomplish protection and delivery for specific applications, and they have served critical therapeutic purposes in animal model research and clinical applications, allowing safe and efficient gene delivery processes into the target cells. We believe that as new ASO drugs develop, the exploration for corresponding nonviral vectors is inevitable. Intensive development of nonviral vectors with improved delivery strategies based on specific targets can continue to expand the value of ASO therapeutic approaches. Here, we provide an overview of current nonviral delivery strategies, including ASOs modifications, action mechanisms, and multi-carrier methods, which aim to address the irreplaceable role of nonviral vectors in the progressive development of ASOs delivery.
Listening to the elephant in the room: response-shift effects in clinical trials research
Authors: Schwartz Carolyn E. , Huang I.-Chan , Rohde Gudrun , Skolasky Richard L.
Published: September 2022

Background

While a substantial body of work postulates that adaptation (response-shift effects) may serve to hide intervention benefits, much of the research was conducted in observational studies, not randomized-controlled trials. This scoping review identified all clinical trials that addressed response shift phenomena, and characterized how response-shift effects impacted trial findings.

Methods

A scoping review was done of the medical literature from 1968 to 2021 using as keywords “response shift” and “clinical trial.” Articles were included if they were a clinical trial that explicitly examined response-shift effects; and excluded if they were not a clinical trial, a full report, or if response shift was mentioned only in the discussion. Clinical-trials papers were then reviewed and retained in the scoping review if they focused on randomized participants, showed clear examples of response shift, and used reliable and valid response-shift detection methods. A synthesis of review results further characterized the articles’ design characteristics, samples, interventions, statistical power, and impact of response-shift adjustment on treatment effect.

Results

The search yielded 2148 unique references, 25 of which were randomized-controlled clinical trials that addressed response-shift effects; 17 of which were retained after applying exclusion criteria; 10 of which were adequately powered; and 7 of which revealed clinically-important response-shift effects that made the intervention look significantly better.

Conclusions

These findings supported the presumption that response shift phenomena obfuscate treatment benefits, and revealed a greater intervention effect after integrating response-shift related changes. The formal consideration of response-shift effects in clinical trials research will thus not only improve estimation of treatment effects, but will also integrate the inherent healing process of treatments.

Key points

This scoping review supported the presumption that response shift phenomena obfuscate treatment benefits and revealed a greater intervention effect after integrating response-shift related changes.

The formal consideration of response-shift effects in clinical trials research will not only improve estimation of treatment effects but will also integrate the inherent healing process of treatments.
Age and stage-specific life table parameters of Harmonia dimidiata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) fed on Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) at different temperatures
Authors: Khan Javed , Khan Ashraf , Ahmed Nazeer , Alhag Sadeq K. , Almadiy Abdulrahman A. , Sayed Samy , Alam Pravej , Ullah Farman
Published: September 2022

Background

The life history and predation rate of the ladybird beetle,Harmonia dimidiataFabricius (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were compared at four different temperatures (16, 20, 24, and 28 °C). The beetles were fed on the bird cherry-oat aphid,Rhopalosiphum padiLinnaeus (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and investigated at 70 ± 10% RH with a photoperiod of 14:10 h (L:D).

Results

The reproductive rates (R0) were 20.07, 51.37, 66.95, and 14.54 beetle offspring at 16, 20, 24, and 28 °C, respectively. Results indicated that temperature had good impacts on the feeding potential, development, survivorship and fecundity, especially at 24 and 28 C compared with the other tested temperatures. In addition, the jackknife and bootstrap techniques were employed to estimate the population parameters' means. The obtained means ofR0and other population parameters, using the bootstrap technique fit a normal distribution. Meanwhile, the jackknife technique generated biologically meaningless zero values forR0. Both finite and predation rates were incorporated into limited predation rates for comparison of predation potential.

Conclusion

Both of the growth and predation rates indicated thatH. dimidiatais more effective biocontrol agent forR. padiat 24 and 28 °C than at 20, 16 °C.