bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining the effect of replacing composite flour mixture with cassava starch on nutritional and physical properties of chicken sausages
Authors: Weerasinghe Rakinahewage Kalpani Lakma , Wickramasinghe Indira , Somendrika Madame Arachchige Dulani
Published: September 2021

Cassava starch extracted from cassava roots (Manihot esculanta) is a highly used ingredient for most commercial food products and has a high viscosity, water holding capacity, and binding abilities. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of replacing composite flour mixture with cassava starch on the nutritional and physical properties of chicken sausages. A scientific experiment was designed for the sausage formulation to incorporate 50% to 100% with cassava modified and native starch compared to the control sample. These samples were evaluated for sensory and textural properties. Nonparametric data obtained through sensory evaluation were analyzed using the Friedman ranking test. According to the test results, the best sample was analyzed for the nutritional toxicological composition and storage stability. According to the statistical analysis, the sample which was 50% replaced with native cassava starch showed the best sensory profile. The best sample showed average moisture, crude fat, crude protein, total solids, ash, and acid-insoluble ash content of 65.98, 7.19, 8.79, 34.02, 2.36, and 0.32 percent respectively. The starch content of the best-ranked sample was 3.12 and the cyanide content of that sample was 1.54 ppm on a dry basis. According to the microbial analysis results, the sausage sample was coliform negative and zero initial plate count was obtained. Besides, the best-ranked fresh chicken sausage was nutritionally acceptable and could keep for 14 days without adding preservatives.
Satureja montana L. essential oil various dosages effect on the main rats’ biological features
Authors: Pashtetsky Vladimir , Ostapchuk Pavel , Usmanova Elena , Zyablitskaya Eugenia , Makalish Tatiana , Danilova Irina , Kuevda Tatiana , Zubochenko Denis , Uppe Veronica , Pashtetskaia Aleksandra , Pikhtereva Anna , Abalduev Viktor , Delov Vitalii , Posobilova Alina
Published: September 2021

An application of natural antioxidants remains the focus of research groups. The effect of Satureja montana L. essential oil in various doses on the main biological characteristics of Wistar rats was the main aim of the study. The intensification of protein metabolism in the blood plasma of rats on the background of the use of Satureja montana L. essential oil was noted. Total protein increases by 17.9 – 19.7%, and albumin by 27.6% in rats of the experimental group received the essential oil at a dose of 0.6 ml per kg of feed. A significant increase in the AST level in control group rats to 207.3 U.L-1 was revealed. Its one to a certain extent indicates the hepatoprotective effect of mountain savory oil and a decrease in inflammatory processes in the organs of the gastrointestinal tract in the conditions of cell maintenance of rats of the experimental groups. Gastric epithelium thickness of rats of both experimental groups was lower than the control animals. But it did not bear any signs of atrophy. The difference of this indicator in comparison with control was 12.75 μm (p ≤0.05) in the second group and it was reliable. The number of chief stomach cells increases in animals of the experimental groups, which may indicate a greater enzymatic activity. An increased dose of mountain savory oil contributes to the formation of more damage to hepatocytes on the periphery of the liver lobule. Thus, the relationship between liver enzymes and the state of peripheral hepatocytes was noted.
Formation of heat and mass transfer bonds when mixing components in a suspended state
Authors: Stadnyk Igor , Piddubnyi Volodymyr , Beyko Liudmila , Dobrotvor Igor , Sabadosh Ganna , Hushtan Tetiana
Published: September 2021

The method of preparation of wheat paste based on discrete and impulse influence on components is revealed. The basis of the research of the vapors preparation method is the formation of a liquid mixture of interacting dosing components in a suspended state. The interaction occurs due to the humidification of the pulverulent suspended state of the layer of flour particles by a scattered jet of liquid under pressure. The development of this technological process and equipment is considered. A thorough analysis of the mixing of components in a suspended state. The influence of a set of experimental and theoretical researches is noted, where the results of the theoretical direction are aimed at the creation of mathematical models, simulation of the process with the use of the possibility of computer engineering. The characteristics of thermal processes for the transition region from the surface of the flour to the massive formed medium are given, taking into account the effective thermophysical characteristics of the medium in the form of dependences obtained theoretically and experimentally. Dependencies are taken into account as well as heat and mass transfer processes when the liquid phase interacts with flour: external heat and mass transfer processes when interacting in a suspended state on the flour surface and change of working environment with the formation of bonds, and internal mass transfer processes when moving moisture and heat inside the flour particle.
Is There Any Association Between Uric Acid to High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Erectile Dysfunction?
Authors: Karabulut Dilay , Yenice Mustafa Gürkan
Published: September 2021

Objective: Elevated uric acid (UA) and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are associated with cardiovascular events and mortality. Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been considered an early marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the uric acid/ HDL ratio (UHR) as a nowel marker in patients with ED. Materials and Methods: The study included 147 patients with a mean age of 50 years (range 32-76 years). Retrospective analyses were performed on the patients who were admitted to urology outpatient clinics. The laboratory parameter results were retrieved from the hospital medical records, and the UHR value was calculated. Patients were categorized into three groups according to the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score. UHR was compared between groups, and its predictive value was evaluated using regression analysis and ROC curve analysis. Results: Age was found to be significantly different in all three groups (Groups 1-2, p=0.001; Groups 1-3, p=0.000; Groups 2-3, p=0.001). It was observed that the degree of ED increased with age. The values of UA and HDL were similar in all groups (p>0.05). In contrast, the UHR value was statistically significantly higher 0.15 (0.083-0.288, p =0.047) in the moderate-severe ED (Group 3). ROC curve analyses revealed that UHR predicted severe ED (IIEF 5-11) with 42.9% sensitivity and 87.3% specificity (AUC:0.66, CI 95% 0.538-0.781, p=0.019). Conclusion: UHR may serve as a severe ED indicator in patients admitted to the cardiology outpatient clinic since it has a significant association with a low IIEF score.
Urological Pathologies and Their Incidence Rates Determined in Cases Applied to the Health Board
Authors: Noyan Özlü Deniz , Güner Ekrem
Published: September 2021

Objective: Applications are made to health boards for age assessment, gender determination, employment in some occupational groups and detection of disability. The aim of our study is to determine the defined urological pathologies and their incidence rates in the patients who applied to the health board of our hospital. Materials and Methods: Our study included patients who applied to the urology outpatient clinic of the health board between January 2015 and December 2020 for the purpose of employment in some occupational groups, determination of age, gender, disabilities and obtaining a general health report. Patients were investigated in two different groups, according to their indications for their applications as detection of disabilities and other indications, and the diagnoses were classified under the subheadings of stone diseases, malignancies, neurourology-incontinence, andrology and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Results: A total of 1453 cases were included in the study. Hundred and fifty-one (10.4%) patients applied for the detection of disability. A total of 206 (17%) patients, including 70 (46.3%) cases in the disability detection group and 136 (10.4%) in the other group had a urological diagnosis. The most common pathology was malignancies with 65 (4.4%) cases, in order of frequency; testicular cancer (n=25: 38.4%), bladder cancer (n=15: 23%), prostate cancer (n=13: 20%), kidney cancer (n=11: 16.9%) and penile cancer (n=1: 1,5%). The second most frequently seen diagnostic group was the stone disease group (n=55: 3.7%), and 17 (30.9%) of them required further investigation after diagnosis. Consequently ESWL (n=6: 10.9%), and surgical intervention (n=4: 7.3%) were planned for the indicated number of patients. Conclusion: Urogenital system malignancies and urinary tract stones have been identified as the most common pathologies in patients who applied to the health board. The fact that some diseases, especially urolithiasis were followed by further examination and treatment, shows the contribution of the health board examinations to the treatment as well as the health status determination feature.
The Effects of the Autonomic Nervous System on Urogenital Disorders
Authors: Sökmen Doğukan , Çömez Yusuf İlker , Alptekin Hasan Kerem , Özden Ali Veysel
Published: September 2021

The possible effect or activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in urogenital disorders is still controversial. Day by day, further studies that have proved the association between chronic urological situations like chronic pelvic pain, premature ejaculation, etc., and autonomic dysfunction have been published. Understanding the actual role of the autonomic nervous system on chronic pelvic disorders will be of interest soon.
Focal Ablation Therapies in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Adsan Öztuğ
Published: September 2021

Focal ablation therapies in prostate cancer have been actively evaluated in the light of recent literature. According to published data,focal ablation therapies appear to be well tolerated and have an acceptable side effect profile. Moreover, while clinical outcomes were not homogenous, short-term oncological results of some focal ablation therapies such as laser and irreversible electroporation (IRE) have been found as good as curative ones. While waiting long-term oncological results, focal ablation therapies in prostate cancer are beinmg used increasingly.
Nilai-Nilai Shintoisme pada Perbedaan Warna dan Bentuk Gerbang Dunia Dewa di Awal dan Akhir Film Spirited Away Karya Studio Ghibli
Authors: Havier Maugina
Published: September 2021

Spirited Away is an animation made by Ghibli Studio on 2001 under Hayao Miyazaki direction. This movie awarded as The Best Animation by The 75th Academy Award. This movie tells about the journey of Chihiro, the protagonist who’s been “spirited away” to the spirit world. There’s a significant difference on the visual and surounding of the scene when Chihiro went inside the spirit world through the gate in the beginning of the movie and when she’s back from that world at the ending. Even it’s pretty clear that it is the same place, but the gate, the colors, material, and the environment seems to be different. This visual generate a long controversy, include of how excactly the story end.

Question arise of the significant distinction on the visual of the gate between the scenes, like why on the beginning the color of the gate is red with some characteristic of Shinto’s Temple architectural, but then the gate at the ending is white and made from stone piles. Hayao Miyazaki as creator of the movie has never explicitely answer the question on this matter. This qualitative study using visual examination method on colors and material of the gates, from the perspective of Shinto’s and Japanese architecture, to know the reason behind the importance of differentiating the visual of the gates in the beginning and the ending of the movie.
How Does COVID -19 Affect Thai Students?
Authors: Hongwisat Prapattra , Wuthikanokkan Thanawat , Romayes Chirati
Published: September 2021

This research was a study about the problem regarding unfavorable learning environments and stressful situations of Thai students during online studying amidst the COVID -19 situation and the solutions to improve the efficiency in learning and development for each age group. This research is an exploratory study of secondary to high school students in Thailand in 2021. The researcher interviewed 144 people in Thailand to obtain information regarding the problems, their effects, opinions, and possible solutions. They collected the data from the questionnaire and analyze the data to find more solutions to the problem. The data analyst used the frequency percentage statistic.
The results showed that 1.) Most students want to go to school due to a more comfortable learning environment compared to sitting at home with an unconducive learning environment. Further, learning at school allows students to ask their teachers immediately and the school includes the activities which help support and develop different students 2.). Most of the students will understand if they study diligently, on the other hand, some answered that they will not understand even if they study diligently due to various environmental factors, such as the unconducive environment for learning, 3.) Students have reasons for their problems; this is one of the causes of stress in online learning. Most reasons cite unsuitable environments and unstable online learning systems that make studying boring and inconsistent instruction. 4.) Thai students in the Covid-19 situation concern about their academic performance as old grading standards are still in use, and many said they got low grades. 5.) Out of 144 students, 81 students stated that they have a suitable home environment for online learning; while 63 students do not have a suitable environment for learning due to various home factors like problems with internet instability and parents in the house who had them run errands during the course. In conclusion, the most common problem in online learning is problems with the learning environment.

Keywords: Students, Learning, COVID-19, Thailand.
A Remote Surveillance System for the Detection of Farmland Invasion by Cattle in Sub-Saharan African Country
Authors: Adegbola Oluwole Abiodun , Solomon Ifeoluwa David , Oluwaseun Adesina Samuel
Published: September 2021

Farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria mainly involves disputes over land between agrarian communities and nomadic Fulani herdsmen resulting to loss of farmlands and crops, which consequently affects the nation's economy. Engagement of local security operatives in stopping this menace of the herders have proved abortive. Hence, this work proposes a farmland surveillance-alert system using unmanned aerial vehicles for the detection of cattle presence on farmlands as a solution to curbing the problem of farm invasion and destruction. The technique modifies CNN-YOLOV2 architecture, the outcome was accessed with DJI phantom 4 captured 656 images for the detection of cattle invasion. The system on detecting cattle presence above a threshold level sends SMS to farmer’s designated number. The system achieved an average confidence score of 0.92 for the test dataset and 0.72 on real-life data. Hence, it can be employed to mitigate incessant farm invasion and destruction problem and in other surveillance systems.

Keywords: convolutional neural network, unmanned aerial vehicles, surveillance, mean average confidence score, yolov2, short messaging service.
The Effect of Work Behavior and Knowledge Management toward Organizational Performance through Employee Performance at PT Bank Aceh Syariah, Aceh-Indonesia
Authors: Nasution Muhammad Syafril , . Sulaiman
Published: September 2021

This study examined the effect of work behavior and knowledge management on employee performance and organizational performance, the effect of employee performance on organizational performance, and the mediation effect of employee performance between work behavior and knowledge management on organizational performance at PT Bank Aceh Syariah. The sample used in this study was 120 respondents using the Census method. The analytical tool used was path analysis with the help of SEM Amos 21. The results showed that work behavior and knowledge management had a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Work behavior and knowledge management had a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. In addition, employee performance had a positive and significant influence on organizational performance. The result of the mediation effect analysis revealed that employee performance fully mediated the effect of work behavior on organizational performance, and employee performance fully mediated knowledge management on organizational performance.

Keywords: Work Behavior, Knowledge Management, Employee Performance and Organizational Performance.
Effect of Extension Training on Technical Efficiency of Maize Farmers in Ogbomoso Agricultural Zone of Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oluwole Akintonde J. , Segun Akintaro O. , Bayonle Rahman S.
Published: September 2021

The efficiency of any entrepreneur is a function of personal production skill, knowledge and experience acquired over time and exposure via training in the field of his or her enterprise focus. It is on this premise that this study examined the effect of extension training on technical efficiency of maize farmers in Ogbomoso Agricultural Zone, Oyo State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was adopted for the selection of One-hundred and Eighty-One (181) maize farmers, while structured and validated interview schedule was used to obtain necessary information from the sampled respondents. Data collected were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The mean age of sampled farmers was 48 years and majority (80.1%) of the farmers was male. The farmers with extension contact have access to different extension trainings on maize production in the study area. The average household sizes were 7 and 8, with the average farm sizes of 1.423ha and 1.417ha for both contact and non-contact maize farmers respectively. Those farmers with extension contact were found to be technically efficient than non-contact farmers. Significant relationship existed between some selected socio-economic characteristics of both sampled maize farmers and their maize output. The study therefore suggests the need to create more awareness on the roles of extension services on crop production among farmers and the authorities concern with extension service delivery should improve on the frequency of extension contact in order to encourage farmers' participation in extension activities in the study area and rural communities in Nigeria at large.

Keywords: Extension training, technical efficiency, contact and non-contact maize farmers.
Cutaneous Larva Migrans in Urban Area: A Case Report
Authors: Roelan Tiffany
Published: September 2021

Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a zoonotic skin disorder caused by the infestation of animal hookworm larvae, the most common being Ancylostoma braziliense. The larvae penetrate the skin surface and subsequently migrate to the epidermis, leaving a typical manifestation of linear or serpiginous erythematous burrow-like tracks, known as creeping eruption. This report presented a case of a young man with complaints of the serpiginous erupted lesion over the upper left thigh, following a recent history of beach travel. On dermatological examination, an erythematous serpiginous lesion and papules were found, portraying the clinical presentation of CLM. The administration of albendazole 400 mg was started, and the symptoms were completely resolved.

Keywords: larva migrans, skin disease, creeping eruption, nematodes, albendazole.
Fremragende om skrivefrihetens ytringskultur
Authors: Berge Kjell Lars
Published: September 2021

Recension:
Henrik Horstbøll, Ulrik Langen & Frederik Stjernfelt: Grov Konfækt. Tre ­vilde år med trykkefrihed 1770-73. Bind I & II. København: Gyldendal, 2020
Utredning av autismespekterforstyrrelser i BUP
Authors: Berntsen Hans Jørgen , Ørbeck Beate , Øvergaard Kristin Romvig
Published: September 2021

Background: The Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview (3Di) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) may be useful when assessing autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the accuracy of the Norwegian 3Di is not known.

Method: We investigated the classification accuracy of the 3Di and the ADOS-2 in identifying clinically diagnosed ASD in 130 participants (mean age 11 years).

Results: We found acceptable accuracy in identifying ASD with both the 3Di and ADOS-2 (sensitivities/specificities > 70 %), and highest accuracy (positive likelihood ratio = 17.12) when combining the two instruments, but this gave lower sensitivity (54 %).

Conclusions: The 3Di is useful when assessing ASD, and most accurate when combined with information from the ADOS-2. Clinicians should be aware that some children with ASD may be missed by requiring endorsement from both instruments.

Keywords: Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, inter-rater reliability, sensitivity, specificity, Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview
Multiscale methods for the study and design of catalytic exhaust systems for internal combustion engine applications
Authors: Kamp Carl Justin
Published: September 2021

While vehicular powertrains shift to efficient electric designs, the majority of the world still relies on internal combustion power sources that require ongoing efforts for improvements in fuel efficiency and emissions control. Mandated requirements worldwide for cleaner, and increasingly fuel-efficient vehicles drive innovation in engine technologies and combustion strategies, as well as catalytic emissions control systems. Next generation technologies are being developed and implemented in engine and powertrain systems for both gasoline and diesel engine vehicles, where engine aftertreatment must meet increasingly specific conditions. As a result, there is an ever increasing need to use advanced, multi-scale analytical and characterization tools to understand and evaluate the effects of new engine and emissions control technologies, their complex interactions with other subsystems and overall performance metrics of vehicles. Discussion on recent and emerging analytical approaches are summarized for the following areas: 1) multifunctional and advanced catalytic emissions control components, 2) emission system substrate properties, 3) impacts of bio-fuels and 4) deposits in EGR coolers and injectors. Multi-scale analytical/characterization tools and methods discussed in this talk are likely to play an increasing role in future internal combustion engines and emissions control products. Numerous examples are discussed which utilize multi-instrument approaches to address key design and operational difficulties common in engine aftertreatment applications.
Erken Ergenlik Döneminde Öğrencilerin Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Dersine Katılmada Öğretmenden Beklentileri ile Okul Dirençlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖZÇELİKCİ Eray
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı erken ergenlik döneminde öğrencilerin beden eğitimi ve spor dersine katılmada öğretmenden beklentileri ile okul dirençlerinin incelenmesidir. Çalışma 708 kız ve 592 erkek olmak üzere toplam 1300 ortaokul öğrencisi üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin; 453’ü 11 yaş (%34,8), 352’si 12 yaş (%27,1), 342’si 13 yaş (%26,3), 153’ü 14 yaş (%11,8) ve bu yaş gruplarının 350’si (%26,9) 5.sınıf öğrencisi, 345’i (%26,5) 6.sınıf öğrencisi, 306’sı (%23,5) 7.sınıf öğrencisi ve 299’u (%23,1) 8.sınıf öğrencilerinden oluşmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak, ‘Beden Eğitimi Dersine Katılmada Öğretmenden Beklentileri’ ve ‘Okul Direnci’ ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, cinsiyet farklılıklarını tespit etmek için bağımsız t-testi, sınıf ve yaş farklılıklarını tespit etmek için ise tek yönlü varyans analizi (Anova) kullanılmıştır. Post hoc için scheffe testine bakılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda kızlar ve erkekler arasında beden eğitimi dersine katılmada öğretmenden beklentileri değerlerinin istatiksel açıdan anlamlı düzeyde farklı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Okul dirençleri analizi sonuçlarında ise yaş ve sınıf düzeylerinin istatiksel açıdan farklı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak erken ergenlik döneminde, derse katılmada öğretmenden beklentilerinin cinsiyete bağlı olarak değişmesi ergenliğin getirmiş olduğu bu kritik dönemde cinsiyet özelliklerinin dikkate alınması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca yaş ve sınıf düzeylerinin artması ile okul direnci arasındaki korelasyonun pozitif artış göstermesi, öğrencilerin erken ergenliğin sonlarına doğru beklenti ve isteklere uyum sağladığı sonucunu ortaya çıkarmıştır.
«¡Joven, te lo digo, levántate!» (Lc 7,11-17)
Authors: Sabugal Santos
Published: September 2021

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¡Cristo "fue resucitado al tercer día..."! (1Cor 15,4-8)
Authors: Sabugal Santos
Published: September 2021

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Tecnología y sociedad: Impacto de las nuevas tecnologías en la sociedad actual
Authors: López Peláez Antonio
Published: September 2021

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Judicial Review of Municipal Legislation on Hazard Games in the Czech Republic
Authors: Kohajda Michael , Moravec Jiri
Published: September 2021

The aim of the article is to discover fundamental regulating legislative activities of municipalities in the field of hazard games. For several recent years there have been a lot of problematic cases relating to authorisations to carry on hazard games in the Czech towns and villages that have had to be decided by the Ministry of Finance and later by administrative courts and the Constitutional Court. Some of the decisions can be considered fundamental and very relevant for fundamental principles of municipal legislation making. The authors focus on elected court decisions with the aim to evaluate the practise of municipalities in the field.
Sustainability Requires Balanced Economic and Social Development: The Example of the V4 Countries
Authors: Csath Magdolna
Published: September 2021

It has been taken for granted for a long time that the main objective for economies has to be to maintain economic growth. Economic growth, however, especially when measured by gross domestic product (GDP) can be attractive while human and social conditions deteriorate. Globalisation has created global value chains, which are basically about locating activities into countries where they can be performed at the lowest costs. These processes can hold back economies from moving towards a higher level of development. The article examines the economic and social situation in the V4 countries in international  context and on a long time horizon, by using the most important economic and social indicators. The main purpose of the analysis is to get an objective overview of the situation, and to suggest solutions to achieve a more harmonious economic and social development, which is the necessary precondition for avoiding middle income trap.
From Fragments to Drafts
Authors: Patyi András
Published: September 2021

The paper aims to give a historical overview of the pre-codification of Hungarian administrative procedural rules. Therefore, the main stages and the main actors of an era that started with rules of fragmentary style and law books with ambiguous or a simple descriptive character regarding Hungarian administrative procedures are presented in the paper. The first part is devoted to a detailed examination of the origins of administrative law and administrative science until the end of the nineteenth century in Hungary. The second part of the paper provides an analysis of the Simplification Act, and the period of the first schemes for classification of administrative procedures (1901–1957) in Hungary. From this period, we should underline the appearance of the scientific school led by Zoltán Magyary and the preparations of the Administrative Procedural Code by József Valló.
Tax Absence in Relation to Taxation of Digital Services
Authors: Čejková Tereza
Published: September 2021

In the area of taxation of business corporations operating in several different countries, there is a problem arising with  he identification of the tax residence of the liable entity. With the expansion of the so-called digital business, where  entrepreneurs often do not have a physical headquarters or business units, this problem is becoming more common.  Efforts to introduce a digital tax within the Member States of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the European Union are accompanied by efforts to address this issue through various legislative acts. This article explains how the problem of identifying tax residence arises, why it is undesirable and describes possible  solutions.
Evaluation of Chlamydia trachomatis and HR-HPV infection in women living with HIV: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lima Sara Pereira Leite , Martins Caroline Alves de Oliveira , Melo Yara Lúcia Mendes Furtado de , Grinceviciene Svitrigaile , Fialho Susana Cristina Aidé Viviani , Bond Luisa Czeresnia Costa , Velarde Luis Guillermo Coca , Val Isabel Cristina Chulvis Guimarães do
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) are among the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. CT infection in women living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can facilitate HIV transmission by increasing HIV shedding in cervicovaginal secretions. The prevalence of Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is higher in women living with HIV when compared to HIV-negative women, even when comparing those with the same sociodemographic characteristics. Generally, they have a high viral load and a higher persistence of viral infection, which increases the risk of developing premalignant and malignant lesions in the lower genital tract. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of CT and High-Risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection among women living with HIV and the association with sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical characteristics. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with a population of 66 non-pregnant women aged between 18 and 70 years living with HIV and/or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói (RJ), Brazil, between the period of March 1, 2018 and October 31, 2018. A standardized questionnaire was applied including sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics, and clinical information (use of oral contraceptives, Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cell count, and viral load). Endocervical samples were collected for CT (COBAS 4800® system, Roche) and HPV (COBAS® HPV test, Roche) detection. Fisher's Exact Test was used to assess the association between variables. Regression analyses were performed using the logistic model in order to identify the factors associated with the outcomes of interest. Results: A frequency of 1.5% for CT and 21.2% for HR-HPV was found. Age was the single factor that presented statistical significance associated with HR-HPV infection. Conclusion: Our study showed that some women living with HIV promote risky behavior which could facilitate the acquisition of other STIs, such as HPV and CT infection. Some of them, with detected viral load, were not using condoms even with HIV-negative partners. These results may suggest that in addition to treatment and follow-up of women living with HIV, STIs counseling and guidance may play an important role in the control of STIs in this population.
Göç Olgusunun Çok Boyutlu Etkileri ve Türkiye’ye Yansımaları
Authors: GÜLER Ayşegül
Published: September 2021

Göç olgusu, göç veren ülkeleri ilgilendirdiği kadar göç alan ve transit ülkeleri de ilgilendirmektedir. Uluslararası Göç Örgütünün açıkladığı 2020 yılı raporunda 272 milyon uluslararası göçmen vardır ve bu dünya nüfusunun % 3.5’idir. Günümüzde göçler, hayat seviyesinin daha yüksek olduğu güvenlik risklerinin minimize edildiği coğrafyalara, diğer bir ifadeyle istikrarsızlıkların yaşandığı ülkelerden Avrupa’ya yönelmektedir. Göçlerin, göç alan bölgelere özellikle Türkiye’ye etkilerini incelemek çalışmanın ana konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Türkiye, Doğu-Batı geçiş güzergâhında bulunan bir ülke olduğundan ekonomik, sosyal ve güvenlik bakımından göç olgusunun değişik türlerini aynı anda yaşamaktadır. Türkiye, ülkeye gelenleri misafir kabul etmekte ve uluslararası hukukta statüleri belirlenen mülteci terimini kullanmamaktadır. Türkiye değişik ülkelerden dört milyondan fazla mülteciyi misafir etmekte barınma, eğitim ve sağlık hizmetlerini kesintisiz karşılamaktadır.Avrupa ise mültecilere karşı seçici davranırken, ihtiyacı olan işgücünü ucuz ve problemsiz karşılamayı tercih etmektedir. Çalışmada göç hareketlerinin ülkelere ciddi ekonomik yük getirdiği ve sürdürülebilir olup olmadığı sorusuna cevap aranırken, göç dalgalarının etkileri, sonuçları ve ne yapılması gerektiği incelenmiştir.
Kayıt Dışı Ekonomide Farklı Bir Boyut: Evden Çalışma
Authors: GEYİK Osman , TURNA Fatma
Published: September 2021

Kayıt dışı ekonomi ve kayıt dışı istihdam olguları özellikle günümüzde daha fazla konuşulan ve üzerinde tartışılan bir konu olarak ekonomik sistem içerisinde yer almaya başlamıştır. Dördüncü sanayi devrimi ile birlikte gelişen bilişim teknolojileri ve yaşanan salgın hastalıklar (Covid-19, Ebola, Kuş gribi gibi) kuruluşların iş yapma biçimini değiştirmesine sebebiyet vermiştir. Günümüzde, bilgi depolama ve telekomünikasyon sistemleri uzaktan çalışanlar arasında bilgi aktarımını kolaylaştırmıştır. Gelişen teknoloji, insanlara evden çalışma (home office) imkânı verirken, yaşanan salgın hastalıklar evden çalışmayı zorunlu kılmıştır. Ancak evden çalışmanın en önemli özelliği çalışanların görünmez oluşudur. Nitekim evden çalışan kişileri ispat etmek oldukça zordur ve bu şekilde çalışanlar istatistiklerde çoğunlukla ya ev kadını ya da işsiz olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Bu durum ise evden çalışanların kayıt dışı ekonomi zincirinin bir parçası olduğunu göstermektedir.Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada evden çalışma biçimi, kayıt dışı ekonomi ve kayıt dışı istihdam açısından incelenmiş ve bu kapsamda alınması gereken önlemlere yer verilmiştir.
Phytochemical, antimicrobial and antioxidant studies of the leaf extract of Hamelia patens
Authors: Megala S. , Kumar G. Venkat , Shalini R. V. , Manjamadha V. P.
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to characterise the different extracts of the leaves of Hamelia patens Jacq. (Rubiaceae) and to evaluate their antibacterial and antioxidant activities in vitro. Phytochemical screening of the leaf extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, tannins and carotenoids. The extracts were further characterised with the help of FTIR and UV-VIS spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion method and the zone of inhibition was measured. 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was used to evaluate the antioxidant capability of the extract. The extract was found effective in inhibiting the growth of both E. coli and S. aureus at 5 μg/mL concentration. The methanolic extract was also found to scavenge DPPH radicals. Although the extract is found effective in the present study, however, further research is required to evaluate the biological activity in higher experimental models.
Tea flavonoid theaflavin induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through improving ROS level
Authors: Chandravadhana V. , Lobo Vijay , Vidhyavathi R. , Raj E. Mohan , Ramu Arun Kumar
Published: September 2021

Flavonoids, a class of normal polyphenolic mixes, restrain cell cycle movement and instigate apoptosis. This examination was performed to explore the anticancer effect of theaflavin, a natural flavonoid found in the leaves of tea plant Camellia sinensis. Although this molecule was found to inhibit several cancer cells, the specific anticancer action in liver cancer remains unexplored, especially in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Henceforth, the present study was designed to elucidate the anticancer activity in HepG2 cells, level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cancer cells and tumour cell apoptosis. The action of theaflavin in provocation apoptosis was explored through the improved ROS by MTT assay and 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) method. As per the results obtained from the MTT assay, theaflavin had cell hindrance effect on HepG2 cells. The IC50 estimation of theaflavin to hindered cell development at 25, 50 and 75 μM concentration and instigating apoptosis through ROS improvement. The progressions in mitochondrial morphology, portion conditionally that diminished cell expansion, were seen in various concentrations of the drug treatment. In this manner, theaflavin might be useful as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of liver cancer.
Bulgarian Adaptation of Identity Distress Scale
Authors:   Institute for Research in Education, Papazova Eva , Bakracheva Margarita ,   Sofia University
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of the adaptation of the Identity Distress Scale (Berman et al. 2004) for administration in Bulgaria, implemented with a convenient sample of 202 subjects aged 17 to 30 years. A high reliability of the questionnaire was established, both for the whole scale and for the individual subscales. Statistical analyzes and procedures demonstrate that the instrument is reliable and valid for implementation. It is a beneficial resource, providing an opportunity to guide professionals working with adolescents and youths in the degree of experienced stability and instability in the process of personal self-regulation and outlining the main areas in which consulting is needed. In the context of dynamic changes, high perceived stress, lack of opportunity for stable long-term orientation and a period of prolonged psychosocial maturation, the 10-item scale is an easy-to-administer tool for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in individual and group consulting.
New Methods of Teaching Natural Sciences – „Design Understanding – Developing the Lesson Backwards“
Authors:   „St. st. Cyril and Methodius” Secondary School, Kocheva Irena
Published: September 2021

The article demonstrates how to apply new methods of teaching science by planning the lesson “backwards” and developing an interdisciplinary project, based on educational standards and curricula. The “Understanding by design” approach is applied in the planning of the activity in three stages: identification of the desired results, determination of acceptable evidence and development of the project.
Experiencia de webinar para mejorar las tutorías virtuales en la especialización de gestión del e-learning y docencia
Authors:   Universidad César Vallejo, Arbulú Pérez Vargas Carmen Graciela
Published: September 2021

The main objective of the study was to analyze the virtual mode tutorial activities of students of E- learning Management and Virtual Teaching in the School of Education, Unit of Second Major (Specialization), at Universidad National Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Perú. Kurt Lewin´s theory of group communication was assumed as a basis, and elements proposed by Aristotle, as the arguer, the topic and the listener, identified as the student, the teacher, the contents. A Tutorial plan was then designed, on the basis of the application of webinar as a technological support and with emphasis on an empathic counselling to get connection with the students and achieve the learning objectives in curricular experiences. Key words: tutorial, webinar, technology, counselling.
El sedentarismo y el nivel de actividad física en docentes de dos centros educativos de Quito-Ecuador
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Suarez Erazo Rosa Tatiana , Reynaga-Estrada Pedro ,   Universidad de Guadalajara, Flores Tello Christopher David ,   Laboratorio de Psicología de la Actividad Física y del Deporte
Published: September 2021

The increase in sedentary lifestyle in the population is a concern of the organizations responsible for ensuring the health of people, however despite the multiple programs for the population to perform regular physical activity is not enough, in the teaching population this Behavior has been growing because of the multiplicity of activities that the teacher must perform inside and outside the classroom, which is why it is essential to make a diagnosis on the situation of the teacher in his workplace to know whether or not sedentary and Identify the level of physical activity and the percentage of time that the teacher remains standing, sitting, walking or / and doing heavy work, data that will allow to propose more specific programs of physical activity or work gymnastics for teachers. Keywords: physical activity, sedentary, health.
METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF IXAZOMIB DRUG BY RP-HPLC IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi University, Nalgonda, Telangana - 508 254, India, Prashanthi Yarasani , Ahmed Faheem ,   Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa - 31982, Saudi Arabia, Rao Tentu Nageswara ,   Department of Chemistry, Krishna University, Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh - 521 001, India, Parvatamma Botsa ,   Department of Organic Chemistry, Gayathri P.G Courses, Gotlam, Vizianagaram, A.P - 535 003, India.
Published: September 2021

A novel approach was used for develop and validate a rapid, accurate, and an isocratic RP-HPLC method with PDA detector for the estimation of ixazomib drug in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Ixazomib was seperated using Agilent 4.6*150 mm, 5μm analytical column, a Waters HPLC system (USA) and a mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile in the ratio of 40:60 V/V. The flow rate was set to 0.7 mL/min with 10µL injection volume. The column was maintained at ambient temperature, detector was set at wavelength of 274 nm. The retention time of ixazomib was found to be 2.17 min. The system suitability parameters for ixazomib such as theoretical plates and tailing factor were found to be 4146. Linearity was established for ixazomib such as theoretical plates and telling factor were found to be 4146. Linearilty was established for ixazomib in the range of 50-250 µg/ml concentration levels with correlation coefficients (r2) of 0.999. The intra-and inter-day precision % RSD values were found to be 0.47 and 0.31, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 2.03 and 6.17 µg/mL respectively. The method was validated for all of the above parameters according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. This method can be used for estimation and analysis of ixazomib drug in active pharmaceutical ingredients and pharmaceuticals.
FORMULATION, OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF MOXIFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE GASTRO RETENTIVE TABLETS
Authors: Gunda Raghavendra K. , Vijayalakshmi A. , Masilamani K. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, M.A.M College of Pharmacy, Kesanupalli, Guntur-522 601, Andhra Pradesh, Indian.,   Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, Chennai- 600 117, Tamil Nadu, India,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Jaya College of Paramedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Thiruninravur, Chennai - 602 024, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: September 2021

The objective of the current study was to develop gastro retentive formulation of moxifloxacin. HCl using various drug release modifiers and performing in vitro and in in vivo evaluations. Moxifloxacin is a novel synthetic fluoro quinolone antibacterial agent. Floating, muco adhesive tablets of moxifloxacin. HCl were prepared using variable amounts of HPMCK100M, Lannea coromandelica gum by direct compression technique and wet granulation technique, respectively. Formulations were developed, optimized and checked for pharmacopoeial tests. Results show that all the batches lie within the standard limits. Dissolution parameters of all formulations were sy=ubjected to kinetic fitting and various statistical parameters were determined. Formulation (FS5 ) containing 50 mg of HPMCK100M and 50 mg of LCG, is the best formulation showing similarity f2 =71.734, f1 = 4.271 with the marketed product (Avelox). It follows Higuchi's kinetics, non-fickian diffusion first order kinetics(n=0.717). In vivo studies were performed for the FS5 with 6 healthy rabbits and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined, compared with Avelox and it was found that FS5 produced similar results. Stability studies were performed for FS5 as per ICH guidelines. Results were found to be satisfactory. FS5 is expected to improve patient compliance by means of providing good clinical outcome
SYNTHESIS OF 1,3-THIAZOLE DERIVATIVES
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Health, Koya University, Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region – F.R. Iraq, Omar Rebaz , Koparir Pelin ,   Institute of Forensics, Department of Chemistry, Malatya, TURKEY, Koparir Metin
Published: September 2021

Many heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atom are used in drug development. Thiazole is one of the most important heterocyclic compounds in drug design, which contains sulfur and nitrogen atom. Different site reactions in thiazole compounds extend to new drug synthesis and plays an important role in medicinal chemistry. Thiazole and derivatives are found to possess widely biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-consulsant, anti-HIV, anti-hypertensive, anti-Alzheimer, anti-oxidant and anthelmintic. The aim of this review is to corroborate procedures which are available for the synthesis 1,3-thiazole derivatives
A REVIEW ON BASICS AND APPLICATIONS OF MODIFIED CARBOHYDRATES IN DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: Kumbhar Smita T. , Patil Shitalkumar S. , Bhatia Manish S. , Thorata Yogesh S. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, DSTS Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Solapur - 413 004, Maharashtra, India,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Ashokrao Mane College of Pharmacy, Peth Vadgaon - 416 112, Maharashtra, India,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur - 416 013, Maharashtra, India
Published: September 2021

Polysaccharides demonstrate a wide diversity in their structural features as well as physicochemical properties owing to a variety of functional groups, chemical structure and a broad array of molecular mass. The most important feature of modified polysaccharides is their amphiphilic character which allows the application of these conjugates as an emulsifier, modifiers of surface in liposomes and micro/ nanoparticles, viscosity modifiers and drug delivery vehicles. Recently, the lipophilic modification of polysaccharides, which serve as a nano-container for water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble drugs, has gained attention in the biomedical applications due to their ability to form self-assembled nanoparticles. The natural polysaccharides are readily available, stable, biodegradable, economical, safe and biocompatible. It is difficult to synthesize compounds with such diversity in characteristics. In recent decades, many researchers have taken interest in polysaccharides and their derivatives for use in nanoparticulate systems. This review focuses on the chemical modification of mono and polysaccharides and the mechanisms involved in the formation of polysaccharide-based nanoparticles