bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Value of High-sensitivity Cardiac Troponin in Non-cardiac Surgical Patients in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Sivarajah Jitain , Toolis Michael , Seminoff Samantha , Smith Jesse , Bhalla Vikram , Paul Eldho , Tiruvoipati Ravindranath
Published: August 2021

Background: Type II myocardial injury following surgical procedures is associated with adverse outcomes. The prognostic value of prognostic value of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) due to type II myocardial injury in surgical patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess prognostic value of hs-cTn in type II acute myocardial injury in noncardiac surgical patients requiring post-operative ICU admission.Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients admitted to two level III ICUs following surgery and had hs-cTn measured on the day of ICU admission. Patients who had type I acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during their admission were excluded from the study. The primary outcome was hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included ICU mortality, ICU length of stay (LOS) and hospital LOS.Results: A total of 420 patients were included. On univariable analysis, higher hs-cTn was associated with increased hospital mortality (14.6% vs 6.3%, p = 0.008), ICU LOS (41.1, vs 25 hours, p = 0.004) and hospital LOS (253 hours vs 193 hours, p = 0.02). On multivariable analysis, hs-cTn was not independently associated with increased risk of hospital mortality. However, in patients who had elective surgery, hs-cTn was associated with increased risk (OR 1.048; 95% CI 1.004-1.094; p = 0.031) of hospital morality with area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.753 (95% CI 0.598- 0.908).Conclusions: In elective surgical patients, hs-cTn was associated with increased risk of mortality. Larger multicentre studies are required to confirm this association that may assist in risk stratification of elective surgical patients requiring ICU admission.
Hypothermia Protects Against Ischemic Stroke Through Peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor Gamma
Authors: Jia Feng , Shao Shuai , Chen Yanlin , Zhang Jiansong , Dilirebati Dilimulati , Chen Kui , Zhang Xiaohua
Published: August 2021

Background: IS (ischemic stroke) remains to be a global public health burden and urgently demands novel strategies. Hypothermia plays a beneficial role in central nervous system diseases. However, the function of hypothermia in IS has not been elucidated. Here we demonstrated the role of hypothermia in IS and explore the mechanism.Methods: IS phenotype was detected by infarct size and infarct volume as well as brain edema in mice. The neuroinflammation was evaluated by activation of microglial cells and expression of inflammatory genes after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). The apoptosis of neuronal cells was assessed by Tunnel staining, expression of Cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2, cell viability, and LDH release after I/R and OGD/R. Blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeability was calculated by Evans blue extravasation, the expression of tight junction proteins and MMP-9, cell viability, and LDH release after I/R and OGD/R. The expression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor gamma (PPARγ) was detected by western blotting after I/R and OGD/R.Results：Hypothermia significantly reduced the infarct size and infarct volume as well as brain edema after ischemia/reperfusion. Consistency, hypothermia induced attenuated neuroinflammation, apoptosis of neuronal cells, and BBB disruption after I/R and OGD/R. Mechanistic studies revealed that hypothermia protected against IS by upregulating the expression of PPARγ in microglial cells, the effect of hypothermia was reversed by GW9662, a PPARγ inhibitor. Conclusions：Our data showed that hypothermia inhibited the activation of microglial cells and microglial cell-mediated neuroinflammation by upregulating the expression of PPARγ in microglial cells. Targeting hypothermia may be a feasible approach for IS treatment.
Adherence to Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Obesity Among Iranian Adults: Yazd Health Study-TAMYZ and Shahedieh Cohort Study
Authors: khorasani sahar sarkhosh , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh , Mozaffari-Khosravi Hassan , Mirzaei Masoud , Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh
Published: August 2021

Objectives: Data demonstrated a relationship between obesity and increasing the risk of mortality and morbidity of chronic diseases. Inconsistent data regarding the association between adherence of Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and obesity is identified. Thus, this study intends to address this relationship among a large sample of both urban and suburb areas of Iranian adults.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed by 10693 participants of Shahedieh cohort study (n=3943) and TAghzieh Mardom-e-Yazd (TAMYZ) which was conducted on Yazd Health Study participants, (n=6750) living in urban and suburb areas. Dietary intake was assessed by using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). In all participants, anthropometric indices including body mass index were measured. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to assess the relationship of HEI-2015 with obesity.Results: No significant association was found between adherence to the HEI-2015 diet and odds of general and central obesity. Conclusions: Our findings showed adherence to HEI-2015 might have no protective effect on odds of general obesity. Also, in suburb region and whole population of both urban and suburb regions greater compliance of men to HEI-2015 diet might have a positive effect on odds of central obesity. Moreover, in suburb area participants in the highest quintile significantly were smoker and had higher level of SES. Finally, the casual effect of HEI-2015 on obesity needs to be investigated further in prospective studies and among different populations.
Putative Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroprotective Cerebrosides and Their Docking Studies on Acetyl Cholinesterase Enzyme Inhibition for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: KHALIVULLA SHAIK IBRAHIM , Mallikarjuna Kokkanti
Published: August 2021

The Dementia disease is characterised by neuropsychiatric disturbances due to lack of proper synaptic communication between neurons causing the cognitive behavioural problems. The Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in elderly population is one of the several forms of Dementia. Recent data by World Health Organisation indicates that nearly 10 million people are getting dementia every year, of which 60-70% accounts for AD. The etiology of AD involves the formation of amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary Tau tangles in the brain resulting in the death of neural cells. There is no permanent solution for AD treatment, except the FDA approved drugs like galantamine, donepezil, rivastigmine and memantine that are normally associated with side effects. At this juncture, cerebrosides, the natural secondary metabolites identified from different taxa with potential neuroprotective effects offer a promising scope for the treatment of AD. In this paper, cerebrosides reported from all taxa are pooled up along with their functions and listed. The review of literature revealed that Cerebrosides can increase the cognitive functions by regulating or interacting with the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) calcium ion (Ca2+) channels at post-synaptic receptor; nitric oxide (NO); Bcl2, Bax, amyloid precursor (APP) and Tau proteins; brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cAMP- response element-binding proteins (CREB).This indicates that the Cerebrosides could be potential therapeutic agents for the protection of neurons involved in neurodegenerative disease like Alzheimer’s disease. The current neuroprotective drugs are AChE inhibitors; hence, in the present investigation, in silico molecular docking study on cerebrosides for the inhibition of AChE was assessed to find out their capacity to interact with an active catalytic site of AChE. The results of present investigation revealed that all 22 cerebrosides selected for this work interacted with catalytic active site of AChE measured in terms of Gibbs free binding energy. Of all the cerebrosides assessed, compound 6 exhibited strong interaction, followed by 15. This is the first report of molecular docking study on cerebrosides for AChE enzyme inhibition for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Nevertheless, detailed in vitro and in vivo, biochemical and molecular investigations are needed to bring them to useful form.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression, Prognosis and Immune Infiltration of KPNA Family in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Xiangyi , Yu Dechen , Zhou Hai-Yu , Zhang XiaoBo , Hu Yicun , Zhang Ruihao , Gao Xidan , Lin Maoqiang , Guo Taowen , Zhang Kun
Published: August 2021

Background: The primary function of the Karyophorin alpha family (KPNAs) is to assist the transport of proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Studies have found that KPNAs are involved in the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors. However, the expression level of KPNAs family members in HCC, its influence on prognosis, its relationship with immune infiltration, and its clinical significance are still unclear.Methods: We used UALCAN, GEPIA, HPA, TIMER, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, CBioPortal, String and Metascape databases to analyze the expression and mutation of KPNAs in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the expression level of KPNAs and the prognosis of patients, tumor immune cell infiltration, HCC clinicopathological characteristics Relationship. Finally, the biological functions of KPNAs related genes are analyzed. Results: The protein and mRNA of KPNAs were significantly up-regulated in HCC, and their expression levels were closely related to the prognosis of patients and the clinical characteristics of the tumor (tumor grade, stage, etc.). In addition, KPNAs in HCC are prone to mutations, which are not conducive to the prognosis of patients. Moreover, the expression of HCC is positively correlated with the infiltration of immune cells. Enrichment analysis found that KPNAs-related genes are mainly related to biological processes such as nuclear and cytoplasmic signaling, protein chromosome localization, and their pathways mainly include cell cycle and MAPK signaling pathways. Conclusion: KPNAs are significantly related to the occurrence, development and patient prognosis of HCC and may become the target of HCC immunotherapy in the future.
The Health-trash Nexus in Challenging Environments: A Spatial Mixed Methods Analysis of Accra, Ghana
Authors: Bempah Sandra Owusuaah , Curtis Andrew , Awandare Gordon , Ajayakumar Jayakrishnan , Nyakoe Nancy
Published: August 2021

Background: Increasing urbanization in Ghana has led to a waste management crisis with multiple public health consequences. The contextualized mapping of what is dumped, where and why might provide vital on-the-ground support to address the problem itself, as well as the spillover disease impacts. One of the biggest challenges, however, are the required spatial and temporal granular data. Methods: In this paper, we employ a spatial mixed methods approach to investigate the issue of waste management through the lens of health and disparity in Teshie, a suburb of Accra, Ghana. Environmental health risks digitized and mapped from these data sources included trash, plant overgrowth, drains and stagnant water. Results: There was an overlaying relationship between trash and open drains. Open drains encouraged the indiscriminate disposal of trash and also served as a cheaper alternative to paying for waste pick up. Poverty played an intricate role in influencing a trash disposal complex at the sub-neighborhood scale.Conclusion: The trash situation in Teshie is a complex one with varied levels of risks for infectious diseases.
Expression of the NSE, SP, NFH and DβH in Normal and Cryptorchid Testes of Bactrian Camel
Authors: Yuan Ligang , Wang Hua , Yang Hongzao , Chen Shaoyu , Yang Dapeng , Zhang Yong
Published: August 2021

Background: Neuroendocrine substances play important roles in regulating the normal physiological functions of testicles.The purpose of this study is to explore the localization and effects of four neuroendocrine markers(NSE, SP, NFH and DβH) in normal and cryptorchid testes of Bactrian camels.Methods: The cryptorchid testes were located in the abdominal cavity and were collected by orchiectomy. Fresh testes tissues were processed into small pieces and then divided into three samples. One sample was frozen in liquid nitrogen for western blotting hybridization reaction, while the other sample was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde solution for histochemical analysis, and the third fixed in glutaraldehyde for transmission electron microscopy observation.Results: The results showed that cryptorchidism caused a reduction in layers of spermatogenic epithelium and decreased glycogen positivity in the basement membrane.The ultrastructure revealed that macrophages were always found around the Leydig cells, which were crowded with swelling mitochondria in cryptorchidism. Expression of NSE in the Leydig cells of cryptorchidism was significantly weakened compared to that in the normal group(p<0.01). We found that SP was always distributed along the nerve fibers in normal testes and was expressed in the Leydig cells of cryptorchidism. However, expression of NFH in the cryptorchidic tissue was strongly positive in spermatogenic epithelium, with limited expression in Leydig cells and no expression in peritubular myoid cells. Therefore, expression of DβH in the Sertoli cells was comparatively strong in both the normal and cryptorchidism groups.NFH and DβH expression was significantly increased in the cryptorchidism group compared with the nomal group(p<0.01).Conclusions: These findings indicated that the underdeveloped seminiferous epithelium and pathological changes in cryptorchid tissue in Bactrian camels were potentially related to a disorder in glycoprotein metabolism.Our results suggest that NSE and SP could helpful to judge the pathological changes of cryptorchidism. The present study provides the first evidence at the protein level for the existence of NFH and DβH in Sertoli and Leydig cells in Bactrian camel cryptorchidism and provides a more in-depth understanding of neuroendocrine regulation is crucial for animal cryptorchidism.
High PPT1 expression predicts poor clinical outcome and PPT1 inhibitor DC661 enhances sorafenib sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xu Jianjun , Su Zhe , Cheng Xiang , Hu Shaobo , Wang Wenjie , Zou Tianhao , Zhou Xing , Song Zifang , Xia Yun , Gao Yang , Zheng Qichang
Published: August 2021

Background
Adaptive resistance and side effects of sorafenib treatment result in unsatisfied survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1) plays a critical role in progression of various cancers. However, its role on prognosis and immune infiltrates in HCC remains unclarified.
Methods
By data mining in the Cancer Genome Atlas databases, the role of PPT1 in HCC were initially investigated. Furthermore, HCC cell lines Hep 3B and Hep 1–6 were treated with DC661 against PPT1. The biological function of PPT1 was determined by CCK-8 test, colony formation assay, TUNEL staining, immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting, and PI-Annexin V apoptosis assays in vitro. Animal models of subcutaneous injection were applied to investigate the therapeutic role of targeting PPT1.
Results
Wefound that PPT1 levels were significantly upregulated in HCC tissues compared with normal tissues and were significantly associated with a poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis further confirmed that high expression of PPT1 was an independent risk factor for poor overall survival of HCC patients. We initially found that PPT1 was significantly upregulated in sorafenib-resistant cell lines established in this study. Upon sorafenib treatment, HCC cells acquired adaptive resistance by inducing autophagy. We found that DC661, a selective and potent small-molecule PPT1-inhibitor, induced lysosomal membrane permeability, caused lysosomal deacidification, inhibited autophagy and enhanced sorafenib sensitivity in HCC cells. Interestingly, this sensitization effect was also mediated by the induction mitochondrial pathway apoptosis. In addition, the expression level of PPT1 was associated with the immune infiltration in the HCC tumor microenvironment, and PPT1 inhibitor DC661 significantly enhanced the anti-tumor immune response by promoting dendritic cell maturation and further promoting CD8+ T cell activation. Moreover, DC661 combined with sorafenib was also very effective at treating xenograft models in immunized mice.
Conclusions
Our findings suggested that targeting PPT1 with DC661 in combination with sorafenib might be a novel and effective alternative therapeutic strategy for HCC.
Effectiveness of a Fortified Drink in Improving B Vitamin Biomarkers in Older Adults: A Controlled Intervention Trial
Authors: Heffernan Maria , Doherty Leanne C , Mendes Roberta Hack , Clarke Michelle , Hodge Stephanie , Clements Michelle , McAnena Liadhan , Rivelsrud Mari , Ward Mary , Strain JJ , Nulty Helene Mc , Brennan Lorraine
Published: August 2021

BackgroundOlder adults are reported to have sub-optimal B vitamin status; targeted food-based solutions may help to address this. The objectives of the OptiAge food intervention study were to develop and investigate the effectiveness of a B vitamin-fortified drink in improving B vitamin biomarkers in older Irish adults with a primary outcome of change in B vitamin biomarker concentrations.MethodsA multicentre double-blind randomised controlled trial was performed in University College Dublin and Ulster University. Participants aged > 50 years were recruited following screening for exclusion criteria i.e. taking medications known to interfere with B vitamin metabolism, supplements containing B vitamins, consuming >4 portions of B-vitamin fortified foods per week or diagnosed with gastrointestinal, liver or pulmonary disease. Recruited participants were randomised with gender and centre as factors in the randomisation to receive either B vitamin-fortified or placebo drinks (developed by Smartfish, Norway) daily for 16 weeks.ResultsA total of 95 participants were randomised, of which 81 commenced the trial. Of these, 70 completed - 37 in the active and 33 in the placebo groups. Intention to treat (ITT) analysis of the B vitamins demonstrated a significant improvement in all B vitamins biomarkers in the active compared to placebo groups (p<0.01 for Folate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, and Riboflavin). A significant lowering of plasma homocysteine from 11.9 (10.3-15.1) µmol/L to 10.6 (9.4-13.0) µmol/L (functional marker of B vitamin status) was also observed in response to the active treatment (P<0.001). Similar results were seen in a per-protocol analysis.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that a B vitamin-fortified drink was effective in optimising B vitamin status, making this a useful intervention strategy to improve B vitamin status in older adults. Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN61709781. - Retrospectively registered, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN61709781
A Model to Facilitate Research Uptake in Health Care Practice and Policy Development for Low-resource Countries
Authors: sigudla jerry , Maritz Jeanette
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Despite the availability of numerous models for knowledge translation into health care practice and policy development, research uptake remains low in resource-limited countries. Recent reports have indicated that this trend of low research uptake is likely to continue for some time in low-resource countries unless initiatives to promote research uptake strategies consider challenges faced by these countries. This paper aimed to develop a tailored model to enable the optimal uptake of public health research findings for health care practice and policy development in a low-resource country.

APPROACH: The study used a two-phase exploratory sequential approach. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 21 participants. Quantitative data were collected through an online cross-sectional survey administered to 212 respondents who conducted research studies in the study area between 2014 to 2019.

HIGHLIGHTS: The findings indicated a lack of awareness of research results and champions to lead engagements among research stakeholders. Researchers also fail to align public health research projects to existing local contexts and available resources as well as establish and sustain beneficial collaboration between all research stakeholders. The survey indicated a total of 13 factors needed for research uptake, namely four individual factors (support, experience, motivation & time factor); four organisational factors (research agenda, funding, resources & partnerships), and five research characteristics factors (gatekeeping, local research committees, accessibility of evidence, quality of evidence and critical appraisal skills). The Spearman's correlation coefficient revealed that of the 13 factors, only six factors had a significant positive correlation with research uptake, namely: support, experience, motivation, time factor, resources, and critical appraisal skills.

CONCLUSION: In the context of research uptake for healthcare practice and policy development, we consider this model unique and appropriate for low-resource countries in that it integrated the PARIHS framework with the logical framework to streamline the research uptake process.
Keywords: Healthcare Policy, Healthcare Practice, Low-resource countries, Research Uptake, Model
Sensitivity Analysis of Biome-BGCMuSo for Gross and Net Primary Productivity of Typical Forests in China
Authors: Ren Hongge , Zhang Li , Yan Min , Tian Xin , Zheng Xingbo
Published: August 2021

Background: Process-based models are widely used to simulate forest productivity, but complex parameterization and calibration challenge the application and development of these models. Sensitivity analysis of numerous parameters is an essential step in model calibration and carbon flux simulation. However, parameters are not dependent on each other, and the results of sensitivity analysis usually vary due to different forest types and regions. Hence, global and representative sensitivity analysis would provide reliable information for simple calibration. Methods: To determine the contributions of input parameters to gross primary productivity (GPP) and net primary productivity (NPP), regression analysis and extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity testing (EFAST) were conducted for Biome-BGCMuSo to calculate the sensitivity index of the parameters at four observation sites under climate gradient from ChinaFLUX. Results: Generally, GPP and NPP were highly sensitive to C:N leaf (C:N of leaves), W int (canopy water interception coefficient), k (canopy light extinction coefficient), FLNR (fraction of leaf N in Rubisco), MR pern (maintenance respiration in kg C/day per kg of tissue N), VPD f (vapor pressure deficit complete conductance reduction), and SLA1 (canopy average specific leaf area in phenological phase 1) at all observation sites. Various sensitive parameters occurred at four observation sites within different climate zones. GPP and NPP were particularly sensitive to FLNR, SLA1 and W int , and C:N leaf in temperate, alpine and subtropical zones, respectively. Conclusions: The results indicated that sensitivity parameters of China's forest ecosystems change with climate gradient. We found that parameter calibration should be performed according to plant functional type (PFT), and more attention needs to be paid to the differences in climate and environment. These findings contribute to determining the target parameters in field experiments and model calibration.
Robotic-assisted Thoracoscopic Resection of Anterior Mediastinal Cystic Teratoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ramcharran Harry , Wallen Jason
Published: August 2021

BackgroundMediastinal teratomas are rare tumors that most frequently occur in the anterior mediastinum. The majority of these tumors are benign and slow growing. Due to their low malignant potential, the treatment for these tumors is surgical resection. The surgical management has shifted from invasive approaches such as a sternotomy to minimally invasive ones such as robotic-assisted thoracoscopic resections. Though many cases of mediastinal teratomas have been reported, we present a rare case of a locally advanced mediastinal teratoma requiring patient repositioning and change in ventilatory management mid-procedure to facilitate complete resection.Case PresentationA 43 year-old female was found to have an anterior mediastinal mass during work-up for an intermittent cough in 2009. Chest imaging and biopsy at the time showed evidence of a cystic teratoma without concerning features. She underwent imaging surveillance until 2018, when chest imaging showed increasing growth and worrisome radiologic features concerning for malignant degeneration. She underwent an elective robotic-assisted thoracoscopic resection utilizing double lung ventilation, but due to extensive involvement of the right lung, pericardium, superior vena cava, and right phrenic nerve the patient had to be repositioned and started on single lung ventilation mid-procedure to facilitate a safe and complete resection.ConclusionsAnterior mediastinal teratomas can be successfully removed by robotic-assisted thoracoscopic resections utilizing single lung ventilation. Though robotic-assisted thoracoscopic resection utilizing double lung ventilation can be effective in performing lung wedge resections and pleural biopsies, it is limited in removing locally advanced mediastinal tumors.
A Near-natural Experiment on Factors Influencing Larval Drift in Salamandra Salamandra
Authors: Schafft Malwina , Wagner Norman , Schuetz Tobias , Veith Michael
Published: August 2021

The larval stage of the European fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) inhabits both lentic and lotic habitats. In the latter, they are constantly exposed to unidirectional water flow, which has been shown to cause downstream drift in a variety of taxa. In this study, an artificial stream was used to examine the individual movement patterns of marked larval fire salamanders exposed to unidirectional flow with simulated flood events. Movements were tracked by marking the larvae with VIAlpha tags individually and by using downstream and upstream traps. Most individuals showed stationarity, while downstream drift dominated the overall movement pattern. Upstream movements were rare and occurred only on small distances of about 30 cm; downstream drift distances exceeded 10 m (until next downstream trap). The simulated flood events increased drift rates significantly, even days after the flood simulation experiments. Drift probability increased with decreasing body size and decreasing nutritional status.
Gelidiella Acerosacompounds Target NFKB Cascade in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Begum S.M.Fazeela Mahaboob , S.Hemalatha
Published: August 2021

In carcinogenesis, increased metabolism, abnormal functioning of mitochondria, peroxisomes, aberrant cell signaling and prolonged inflammation can result in the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In turn, excess ROS can upregulate the expression of various signaling pathways including the MAP kinase, PI3K/Akt and NFKB cascades in cancer. The constitutive expression of NFKB causes drug resistance in lung cancer. Hence, drugs that can enhance the antioxidant activity of enzymes and regulate the NFKB activity are of prime target to manage the drug resistance and inflammation in cancer. This study evaluated the effect of compounds present in ethyl acetate extract of Gelidiella acerosa on inflammation and on antioxidant enzymes in lung cancer. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined under in silicoandin vitro conditions. The in silico analysis showed that the phyto-constituents of G.acerosainhibit the IKBα-NFKB-p65-p50 complex in a similar way as that of doxorubicin and dexamethasone.Similarly,G.acerosatreatment enhanced the efficiency of antioxidant enzymes peroxidases and superoxide dismutase in A549 lung cancer cells. Further, the results of in vitro analysis showed that G.acerosa can inhibit the activation of NFKB, production of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulate the expression of IL 10. As inflammation causes cancer progression, the inhibition of inflammation inhibits tumorigenesis. Hence, based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that G.acerosa exerts anti- inflammatory activity through inhibition of NFKB cascade and moreover,the phyto-constituents ofG.acerosa may have the potential to treat cancer successfully.
Classification of Surgery-Related Language Impairments in Patients with Glioma Based on Tumor Locations
Authors: Fang Shengyu , Liang Yuchao , Li Lianwang , Wang Lei , Fan Xing , Wang Yinyan , Jiang Tao
Published: August 2021

IntroductionMany patients with glioma experience surgery-related language impairment. This study developed a classification system to predict postoperative language prognosis.MethodsSixty-eight patients were retrospectively reviewed. Based on their location, tumors were subtyped as follows: I) inferior frontal lobe or precentral gyrus; II) posterior central gyrus or supramarginal gyrus (above the lateral fissure level); III) posterior region of the superior or middle temporal gyri or supramarginal gyrus (below the lateral fissure level); and IV) insular lobe. The distance from the tumor to the superior longitudinal fasciculus/arcuate fasciculus was calculated. The recovery of language function was assessed using the Western Aphasia Battery before surgery, and a comprehensive language test was conducted on the day of surgery; 3, 7, and 14 days later, and 3 months later.ResultsThirty-three patients experienced transient language impairment within 1 week of surgery. Fourteen patients had permanent language impairment. Type II tumors, shorter distance from the tumor to the posterior superior longitudinal fasciculus/arcuate fasciculus, and isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations were risk factors for surgery-related language impairment. Regarding the presence or absence of permanent surgery-related language impairments, the cut-off distance between the tumor and posterior superior longitudinal fasciculus/arcuate fasciculus was 2.75 mm.ConclusionsAccording to our classification, patients with type II tumors had the worst language prognosis and longest recovery time. Our classification, which is based on tumor location, can reliably predict postoperative language status and may be used to guide tumor resection.
MRI Radiomics to Differentiate Between Low Grade Glioma and Glioblastoma Peritumoral Region
Authors: Malik Nauman , Geraghty Benjamin , Dasgupta Archya , Maralani Pejman Jabehdar , Sandhu Michael , Detsky Jay , Tseng Chia-Lin , Soliman Hany , Myrehaug Sten , Husain Zain , Perry James , Lau Angus , Sahgal Arjun , Czarnota Gregory
Published: August 2021

Background
The peritumoral region (PTR) of glioblastoma (GBM) appears as a T2W-hyperintensity and is characterized by microscopic tumor and edema. Infiltrative low grade glioma (LGG) comprises tumor cells that seem similar to GBM PTR on MRI. The work here explored if a radiomics-based approach can distinguish between LGG and GBM PTR, which can have future implications on existing treatment paradigms.
Methods
Patients with GBM and LGG imaged using a 1.5 T MRI were included in the study. Image data from cases of GBM PTR, and LGG were manually segmented guided by T2W hyperintensity. A set of 91 first-order and texture features were determined from each of T1W-contrast, and T2W-FLAIR, diffusion-weighted imaging sequences. Applying filtration techniques, a total of 3822 features were obtained. Different feature reduction techniques were employed, and a subsequent model was constructed using four machine learning classifiers. Leave-one-out cross-validation was used to assess classifier performance.
Results
The analysis included 42 GBM and 36 LGG. The best performance was obtained using AdaBoost classifier using all the features with a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area of curve (AUC) of 91%, 86%, 89%, and 0.96, respectively. Amongst the feature selection techniques, the recursive feature elimination technique had the best results, with an AUC ranging from 0.87 to 0.92. Evaluation with the F-test resulted in the most consistent feature selection with 3 T1W-contrast texture features chosen in over 90% of instances.
Conclusions
Quantitative analysis of conventional MRI sequences can effectively demarcate GBM PTR from LGG, which is otherwise indistinguishable on visual estimation.
A miR-9-5p/FOXO1/CPEB3 feed-forward loop drives the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hu Hui , Huang Wei , Li Jianye , Zhang Qiong , Miao Ya-Ru , Hu Fei-Fei , Gan Lu , Yang Xiangliang , Guo An-Yuan
Published: August 2021

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, but its regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Although many TFs and miRNAs are reported to be important in HCC, their co-regulation and FFL modules in HCC development are needed to be investigated.
Methods

The feed-forward loop (FFL) regulatory module was identified by analyzing the miRNA and transcription factor co-regulatory network for differentially expressed genes between tumors and matched adjacent tissue samples. Gene expression and regulatory role of HCC development by key FFL in vitro and in vivo were validated by qPCR, Western blotting, cell proliferation assay, migration and invasion assay and experiments in nude mice with hepatoma xenografts.
Results

Here, by bioinformatics analysis, we identified FFL regulatory module miR-9-5p/FOXO1/CPEB3 may play critical roles in HCC progression. Gain- and loss-of-function studies demonstrated that miR-9-5p promote hepatocarcinogenesis, while FOXO1 and CPEB3 inhibit hepatocarcinoma growth. Furthermore, CPEB3 was firstly identified as a direct downstream target of miR-9-5p and FOXO1 by luciferase reporter assay and ChIP-Seq data, which was negatively regulated by miR-9-5p and activated by FOXO1. Following, the miR-9-5p/FOXO1/CPEB3 FFL was associated with poor prognosis and promoted cell growth and tumorigenesis of HCC in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Conclusion

Our study newly identified the existence of miR-9-5p/FOXO1/CPEB3 FFL and revealed its regulatory role in HCC progression, which may represent a new potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Waist-to-Height Ratio, An Optimal Anthropometric Indicator in Prediction of Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Fatty Liver Disease: Results From A Chinese Male Population Survey
Authors: cai jinwei , Lin Cuiting , Lai Shuiqing , Liu Yingshan , Liang Min , Qin Yingfen , Liang Xinghuan , Tan Aihua , Gao Yong , Lu Zheng , Wu Chunlei , Shengzhu Huang , Yang Xiaobo , Zhang Haiying , Kuang Jian , Mo Zengnan
Published: August 2021

BackgroundLimited available evidence implicated that the anthropometric indicators of adiposity may contribute to the predictive and diagnosis capability of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a facile, low-cost and noninvasive way while NAFLD had been entitled as metabolic-dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in 2020. This study aimed to validate and compare the predictive and diagnostic capability of eight anthropometric indicators in MAFLD individuals and determined an optimal diagnostic predictor for MAFLD, which may beneficial for resource scarce regions.MethodsThe retrospective cross-sectional population-based study conducted from Fangchenggang Area Male Health and Examination Survey (FAMHES) involved 2428 participants whose comprehensive questionnaire, detailed data, anthropometric parameters and biochemical measurements were collected. Eight anthropometric indicators including body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-hip ratio (WHR), body adiposity index (BAI), cardiometabolic index (CMI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI) and Abdominal volume index(AVI) were enrolled into analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the area under the ROC curves (AUCs) were used to compare the diagnostic ability of each indicator for MAFLD and optimal cut-off points fully determined. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore associations of all anthropometric indicators and MAFLD by determined the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsAll selected anthropometric indicators were substantially associated with MAFLD (p < 0.001) and their diagnostic value of MAFLD by AUCs fully above 0.79. WHtR [OR 22.181(95%CI, 16.216–30.340)] had the strongest association with MAFLD, regardless of potential confounders. LAP had the largest AUC [0.868(95%CI 0.853–0.883)], intimately followed by WHtR [0.863(95%CI 0.848–0.879)]. AVI with OR 19.275(95%CI 14.266–26.041) and AUC 0.859 (95% CI 0.843–0.874) ranked second and third respectively among all indicators. The cut-off points of WHtR, LAP and AVI were 0.49, 24.29, and 13.61, separately.ConclusionAll eight anthropometric indicators illustrated the superior diagnostic value of MAFLD. Comparatively, WHtR might stressed as the most powerful diagnostic predictor for MAFLD, follow by LAP and AVI which presented highly potential as well.
Identification of a High-Risk Group for Brain Metastases in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.
Authors: Cacho-Díaz Bernardo , Laura D. Cuapaténcatl , Rodriguez Jose Antonio , Garcilazo-Reyes Ytel Jazmin , Reynoso-Noverón Nancy , Arrieta Oscar
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Identification of a truly high-risk group of brain metastases (BM) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) could lead to early interventions and probably better prognosis. The objective of the study was to identify this group by generating a multivariable model with recognized and accessible risk factors.Methods: A retrospective cohort from patients seen at a single center during 2010-2020, was divided into a training (TD) and validation (VD) datasets, associations with BM were measured in the TD with logit, variables significantly associated were used to generate a multivariate model. Model´s performance was measured by 10-Fold cross validation of the TD and in the VD with the AUC/C-statistic, Akaike information index, and Press´s Q precision test.Results: From 570 patients with NSCLC with complete records a TD and VD were formed, no significant differences were found amid both datasets. Variables associated with BM in the multivariate logit analyses were age [P 0.021, OR 0.97 (95%CI 0.94-0.99)]; male gender [P 0.010, OR 2.44 (95%CI 1.24-4.82)]; mutational status [P 0.03, OR 2.1 (95%CI 1.07-4.12); and carcinoembryonic antigen levels [P 0.002, OR 1.002 (95%CI 1.001 – 1.003). BM were diagnosed in 23% of the whole cohort. Stratification into low, medium, or high-risk groups after simplification of the model, displayed a frequency of BM in the VD of 8%, 16% and 40% respectively (P 0.027).Conclusion: A multivariate model comprising age, gender, CEA, and mutation status allowed the identification of a truly high-risk group of BM in NSCLC patients.
Neuroinflammatory Cytokine Response, Neuronal Death and Microglial Proliferation in the Hippocampus of Rats During the Early Period After Lateral Fluid-Percussion-Induced Traumatic Injury of the Neocortex
Authors: Komoltsev Ilia G. , Tret’yakova Liya V. , Frankevich Stepan O. , Shirobokova Natalia I. , Volkova Aleksandra A. , Butuzov Alexey V. , Novikova Margarita R. , Kvichansky Alexey A. , Moiseeva Yulia V. , Onufriev Mikhail V. , Bolshakov Alexey P. , Gulyaeva Natalia
Published: August 2021

Time course of changes in neuroinflammatory processes in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus was studied during the early period after lateral fluid-percussion-induced neocortical traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres. In the ipsilateral hippocampus, neuroinflammation (increase in expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines) was evident from day 1 after TBI and ceased by day 14, while in the contralateral hippocampus it was mainly limited to the dorsal part on day 1. TBI induced an increase in hippocampal corticosterone level on day 3 bilaterally and an accumulation of Il1b on day 1 in the ipsilateral hippocampus. Activation of microglia was observed from day 7 in different hippocampal areas of both hemispheres. Neuronal cell loss was detected in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus on day 3 and extended to the contralateral hippocampus by day 7 after TBI. The data suggest that TBI results in distant hippocampal damage (delayed neurodegeneration in the dentate gyrus and microglia proliferation in both the ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampus), the time course of this damage being different from that of the neuroinflammatory response.
Prognosis of patients with brainstem glioblastoma based on ‘age, surgery and radiotherapy’: a SEER database analysis
Authors: Li Yitong , Beeraka Narasimha M. , Guo Wenchang , Lei Yuying , Hu Qilu , Guo Litao , Fan Ruitai , Liu Junqi , Sui Aixia
Published: August 2021

Primary brainstem glioblastoma is a rare tumor with dismal prognosis that poses significant treatment challenges. The purpose of the current study is to identify and determine prognostic factors associated with the survival in the brainstem glioblastoma patients. We gathered the data from SEER database (1973–2016) to examine the survival of patients with brainstem glioblastoma and potential impact of demographic, tumor and clinical characteristics on the overall survival of the patient. The survival patterns were assessed using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed between patients with or without radiation therapy based on age and surgical resection to investigate the effect of radiotherapy on the overall survival. Total 232 patients were included from the SEER database. The median overall survival was 8 months. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis delineated that thepatients with younger age (P = 0.001) and surgery (P = 0.001) exhibited better prognosis. Among 232 patients, 204 patients received radiotherapy (radiotherapy group, RG), and only 28 patients did not receive radiotherapy (non-radiotherapy group, NRG). Radiotherapy was associated with an improvement of overall survival without statistical significance (P = 0.104). PSM was performed between the RG and NRG based on age and surgical resection. After the PSM, 56 patients were included. Overall Survival was significantly different between both groups (P = 0.038, p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that treatment with surgery and radiotherapy were considered as the independent prognostic factors (P < 0.05).
Outcomes of Evisceration or Enucleation by Resident Trainees in Patients with Endophthalmitis or Panophthalmitis
Authors: Tianthong Wannaporn , Aryasit Orapan
Published: August 2021

Background

To evaluate the outcomes of evisceration or enucleation with primary implantation performed by ophthalmology resident trainees in patients with endophthalmitis or panophthalmitis.
Methods

In this retrospective analysis, the clinical records of all patients diagnosed with endophthalmitis or panophthalmitis who underwent enucleation or evisceration with primary implantation over a 13-year period were reviewed. The predictive factors related to implant exposure or extrusion were identified using multivariate analysis.
Results

Sixty-six patients, with a median age of 46.8 years, were enrolled. Thirty-six (55%) out of 66 patients were diagnosed with panophthalmitis. The most common causes of endophthalmitis or panophthalmitis were trauma (13 patients) and corneal ulcer perforation (10 patients). Enucleation was performed in 53 patients (80%). Four patients (6%) had implant exposure, and 4 patients (6%) had implant extrusion. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection (P = 0.021, adjusted odd ratio [aOR] 33.75) and not receiving intravitreal antimicrobial drugs before the eye removal procedure (P = 0.02, aOR = 30.11) were associated with implant exposure or extrusion. Patients with panophthalmitis who underwent evisceration had a higher rate of implant exposure or extrusion than those who underwent enucleation (P = 0.031, aOR 38.38). Other complications included socket discharge in 14 patients, lower lid laxity in 5 patients who underwent the lateral tarsal strip procedure, and wound dehiscence in 3 patients. At the last visit, 65 patients had successful prosthesis fitting.
Conclusion

This study suggests that evisceration or enucleation with primary implant placement in patients with recalcitrant endophthalmitis or panophthalmitis can be performed by resident trainees with acceptable surgical outcomes and a low rate of serious complications.
Bullying and its Effective Factors in Adolescents Aged Between 10 and 18 Years Old: Evidence From a Southeastern Region in Iran, 2020
Authors: Radmerikhi Samera , Feyzabadi Vahid Yazdi , Ahmadi Milad , Sajadi Seyyid Mohammad Keyhan
Published: August 2021

Background & Objective: Bullying behavior in adolescence as a global and a public health problem is of great interest in adolescence due to mental illness, violence, and tobacco addiction in adulthood. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of both bullying and victim behaviors at all educational levels in Kerman. Methodology: This is a survey study, in which the study population are all students at three educational levels in Kerman. Multi-stage sampling method is used. To investigate the prevalence of bullying behavior, the Iranian version of the questionnaire is used, which is based on the Olweus bullying questionnaire. Results: The bullying rates at elementary, middle school, and high school are estimated at 25.1%, 17.8%, and 39.7%, respectively. Bullying rate is 7.13% among girls and 14.72% among boys. The results of our study show that the most important factors affecting bullying are gender, parental literacy, living with parents, type of school, economic and social status, educational level, and school size. Conclusion: Due to the impact of policies at different educational levels, policymakers should pay special attention to perform bullying control programs at the school level based on the school environment variables, and policies in this area should be designed, reviewed, and modified.
Synthesis, Magnetism and Photoluminescence of Mn Doped AlN Nanowires
Authors: Wang Qiushi , Yang Li , Li Junhong , Yang Huadong , Feng Zhenbao , Ge Zhu , Zhang Jian , Lin Yao , Wang Xuejiao , Wang Chuang , Fu Ying , Liu Cailong
Published: August 2021

Manganese doped aluminum nitride (AlN:Mn) nanowires were fabricated by direct nitridation of Al and Mn mixed powders. The as-synthesized AlN:Mn nanowires were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The measurements reveal the successful incorporation of Mn2+ ions into AlN nanowires. The magnetic and optical properties of the AlN:Mn nanowires were studied using vibrating sample magnetometer and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The AlN:Mn nanowires exhibit room temperature ferromagnetic behavior and a red emission band centered at 597 nm corresponding to the 4T1(4G)-6A1(6S) transition of Mn2+. The abnormal thermal quenching behavior and long afterglow feature are investigated through the temperature dependent emission and the afterglow spectrum. The thermoluminescence curve shows that AlN: Mn nanowires have a wide trap distribution, which leads to the abnormal thermal quenching behavior and persistent luminescence. Multifunctional AlN:Mn nanowires with magnetic and luminescence properties are expected to be used in spintronic and optoelectronic nanodevices.