bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Pore Networking and Electric Current Density on the Crack Pattern in Reinforced Concrete Test Due to Pressure Rust Layer at Early Ages of an Accelerated Corrosion Test
Authors: Bazán Ángela M. , Reyes Encarnación , Gálvez Jaime C.
Published: May 2019

Research on early stages of corrosion of steel bars, together with the formation and development of cracks induced in the surrounding concrete and caused by chloride penetration, is relevant in improving the durability of reinforced concrete structures. This paper uses integration of the analytical models examined in the published literature, combined with experimental research in corrosion induced at the concrete/steel interface, in estimating the time-to-crack initiation of reinforced concrete subjected to corrosion. This work studies the influence of the porous network and electric current density on the cracking process at early ages. The experimental campaign was performed by using an accelerated corrosion test on a conventional concrete (CC) and a concrete with silica fume (SFC) by submitting them to a current density of 50μA/cm2 and 100μA/cm2. Examination performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) provided both qualitative and quantitative information on the penetration of the rust layer in the surrounding concrete porous network. Strain gauges were used to measure corrosion-induced deformations between steel and concrete matrices, as well as the formation of corrosion-induced cracks. A good correlation between the rate of penetration of the rust products in the surrounding pores  and the delay of the cracking pressure in concrete was observed from the experimental results. This phenomenon is incorporated into the analytical model by using a reduction factor, which mainly depends on the pore size of the concrete. The crack width obtained exhibited a significant dependency on electric current density at the beginning of the test, depending mainly on the pore size of the concrete later.
Analisis Rendemen dan Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Cacing Laut Eunice siciliensis
Authors: Erviani Andi Evi , Arif Abdur Rahman , Nisa Nur Fahmiatun
Published: May 2019

Sea worms have enormous potential to be used as alternative food ingredients because they have a fairly high protein content. The Research of the analysis yield and phytomomic compounds of Eunice Siciliensis marine worms has never been done. An effort to develop Eunice siciliensis sea worm-based alternative food ingredients is important to do phytochemical screening. This study aims to identify phytochemical compounds found in Eunice siciliensis marine worms and find out their benefits for health. This study was analyzed descriptively. The results showed that extract yield was 17.97% and Eunice siciliensis sea worm extract contained alkalaoid, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids / steroids, and tannins.
Simultaneous cardio-cerebral embolization associated with atrial fibrillation: a case report
Authors: Abe Soichiro , Tanaka Kanta , Yamagami Hiroshi , Sonoda Kazutaka , Hayashi Hiroya , Yoneda Shuichi , Toyoda Kazunori , Koga Masatoshi
Published: May 2019

Background: Simultaneous cerebral and myocardial infarction is called cardiocerebral infarction (CCI), and is rarely encountered. Because of the narrow time window and complex pathophysiology, CCI is challenging to immediately diagnose and treat.

Case presentation: A 73-year-old woman suddenly developed right hemiplegia and severe aphasia. Twelve-lead electrocardiography showed tachycardic atrial fibrillation without any significant ST-T change. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion. She was immediately treated with alteplase at the dosage approved for ischemic stroke followed by mechanical thrombectomy as bridging therapy, and complete recanalization was achieved. Aphasia improved and she began to complain of chest pain, and reported that she had experienced chest discomfort just prior to right limb weakness. Coronary angiography showed a partial filling defect in the right coronary artery with rapid and adequate distal flow, for which percutaneous coronary intervention was not required. Alteplase was suggested to have effectively resolved the coronary emboli. The occlusions of the cerebral and coronary arteries were assumed to have occurred nearly simultaneously and cardiogenic embolism due to atrial fibrillation was considered as the most likely etiology.

Conclusions: As seen in the present case, CCI may benefit from immediate treatment with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA). Although which of percutaneous coronary intervention or cerebral thrombectomy should be performed first remains unclear, we must decide whether to rescue the brain or heart first in each patient within a limited window of time. This dilemma has recently become evident in this era with mechanical thrombectomy strongly established as an effective intervention for acute ischemic stroke. Close cooperation between stroke physicians and cardiologists is becoming more important.
Virtual Reality Social Prediction Improvement and Rehabilitation Intensive Training (VR-SPIRIT) for paediatric patients with congenital cerebellar diseases: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Butti Niccolò , Biffi Emilia , Genova Chiara , Romaniello Romina , Redaelli Davide Felice , Reni Gianluigi , Borgatti Renato , Urgesi Cosimo
Published: May 2019

Background: Patients with cerebellar malformations exhibit not only movement problems, but also important deficits in social cognition. Thus, rehabilitation approaches should not only involve the recovery of motor function but also of higher-order abilities, such as processing of social stimuli. In keeping with the general role of the cerebellum in anticipating and predicting events, we used a VR-based rehabilitation system to implement a social cognition intensive training specifically tailored to improve predictive abilities in social scenarios (VR-Spirit).
Methods: The study is an interventional randomized controlled trial that aims to recruit 42 children, adolescents and young adults with congenital cerebellar malformations, randomly allocated to the experimental or active control group. The experimental group is administered the VR-Spirit, requiring the participants to compete with different avatars in the reaching of recreational equipment and implicitly prompting them to form expectations about their playing preference. The active control group participates to a VR-training with standard games currently adopted for motor rehabilitation. Both trainings are composed by 8 45-minute sessions and are administered in the GRAIL VR-Lab (Motekforce Link, NL), an integrated platform that allows patients to move in natural and attractive VR environments. An evaluation session in VR with the same paradigm used in the VR-Spirit but implemented in a different scenario is administered at the beginning (T0) and at the end (T1) of the two trainings. Moreover, a battery of neurocognitive tests spanning different domains are administered to all participants at T0, T1 and in a follow-up session after two months from the end of the two trainings (T2).
Discussion: This study offers a novel approach for rehabilitation based on specific neural mechanisms of the cerebellum. We aim to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of a new intensive social cognition training in a sample of Italian patients aged 7-25 years with congenital cerebellar malformations. We expect that VR-Spirit could enhance social prediction ability and indirectly improve cognitive performance in diverse domains. Moreover, through the comparison with a VR-active control training we aim to verify the specificity of VR-Spirit in improving social perception skills.
Fire needle acupuncture or moxibustion for chronic plaque psoriasis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Zhaoxia , Zhou Dongmei , Wang Yan , Lan Haibing , Duan Xingwu , Li Bohua , Zhao Jingxia , Li Wei , Liu Zhengrong , Di Tingting , Guo Xinwei , Zhang Jinchao , Li Bo , Feng Shuo , Li Ping
Published: May 2019

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated disorder with chronic plaque psoriasis during remission stage. Patients often have a slow course and long history of the disease. The refractory type of psoriasis is a stubborn rash that does not subside easily. We designed this randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness and relapse rates of plaque psoriasis in patients treated with either acupuncture, moxibustion or calcipotriol ointment. The ultimate aim of the study is to select an effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical program for patients with plaque psoriasis.
Methods: The study will be a multi-center, prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT), which compares the effectiveness of fire needle therapy, moxibustion and calcipotriol ointment. A total of 160 plaque psoriasis patients will be recruited and randomly assigned to receive either fire needle therapy (group A1), moxibustion (group A2) or calcipotriol ointment (group B). All participants will receive a 8-week treatment and then be followed up for another 24 weeks. The primary outcomes measured are relapse rates and Psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score of the target lesions. The secondary outcomes are target lesion onset time, area and severity score. In addition, the overall clinical cure and improvement rate, dermatology life quality index (DLQI), TCM syndrome score, target recurrence rate and interval of the target lesion will be measured.
Discussion: This study is to determine whether fire needle therapy or moxibustion could improve the clinical effectiveness of psoriasis lesions and reduce the relapse rate. Once completed, it will provide information regarding therapeutic evaluation on fire needle therapy or moxibustion for plaque psoriasis, which will assist clinicians select the most effective treatment options for patients.
Trial registration: ChiCTR1800019588; Pre-results; Registered on 19 November 2018; International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). URL: http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ChiCTR1800019588
Keywords: Fire needle therapy, Moxibustion, Plaque Psoriasis, Clinical effectiveness, Relapse rate
Multivariable prediction model for predicting deaths in severe dengue cases
Authors: S Saiful Safuan Md , Zaid Masliza , Leong Kar Nim , Hawari Rossman , Jelani Anilawati Mat , Abd-Rahman Marzilawati , Ooh Ping Yee , Shanmugarajoo Anusha , Kumar Suresh , Mustafa Mahiran
Published: May 2019

Background

Many predictive models have been developed to predict an outbreak, identify and stratify dengue but none in predicting mortality in severe dengue cases. To build a predictive model for deaths in severe dengue, a multicentre retrospective cohort study was conducted.

Methods

Patients with severe dengue based on WHO 2009 classification were studied. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected at diagnosis of severe dengue. Penalised regression was used for variable selection and model-building. Ten-fold cross-validation with 1000 repeats was performed for internal validation.

Results

A cohort of 786 severe dengue cases including 35 deaths was analysed. Our model that predicts death in severe dengue cases comprises eight independent predictors: persistent diarrhoea, BMI, respiratory rate, platelet count, AST, serum bicarbonate, serum lactate and serum albumin. The AUROC is 89·6% with a sensitivity of 99·6%, specificity of 23·6%, positive predictive value of 96·6%, negative predictive value of 71·1%, positive likelihood ratio 1·45 and negative likelihood ratio 0·01. We also found that the proportion of patients that were in the febrile phase at diagnosis of severe dengue for the overall cohort, decompensated and compensated shock were 74·3%, 73% and 75·4%, respectively.

Conclusions

We developed a high performance dengue mortality prediction model comprising clinical and laboratory data and deployed an open access web-based tool (www.saifulsafuan.com/REPROSED2017E2) for any centre to utilise for local validation and found that a large majority of patients developed severe dengue during febrile phase.
MicroRNA expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells associated with syphilis
Authors: Huang Tao , Zhang Jun , Ke Wujian , Zhang Xiaohui , Chen Wentao , Yang Jieyi , Liao Yiwen , Liang Fangwen , Mei Shuqing , Li Mingjiu , Luo Zhenzhou , Zhang Qiwei , Yang Bin , Zheng Heping
Published: May 2019

Background

Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum Tp) infection evokes vigorous immune responses, resulting in tissue damage. The immune mechanism after Treponema pallidum infection is still not clear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown, however, to influence immune cell function and consequently the generation of antibody responses during other microbe infections, but these values are unknown for Tp.

Methods

In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs in healthy persons, untreated patients with syphilis, patients in the serofast state, and serologically cured patients. MiRNAs were profiled from patient peripheral blood obtained at the time of serological diagnosis. Then both the target sequence analysis on these different miRNAs and pathway analysis were performed to identify important immune and cell signaling pathways. Quantitative RT-PCR for analysis of microRNA

Results

There were 89 differentially regulated miRNA identified in total. Following RT-qPCR confirmation, three miRNAs (hsa-miR-195-5p, hsa-miR-223-3p, hsa-miR-589-3p) showed significant difference among serofast state, and serological cure (P<0.05). A miRNAs (hsa-miR-195-5p) showed significant differences among untreated patients and healthy individuals.

Conclusions

This is the first study of miRNA expression difference in PBMCs in different stages of T. pallium infection. Our study suggests that the combination of three miRNAs has great potential to serve as non-invasive biomarkers of Treponema pallidum infections, which will facilitate better diagnosis and treat of T. pallium infections.
In Vitro Mutagenesis followed by Polymorphism Detection Using Start Codon Targeted Markers to Engineer Brown Spot Resistance in Kalanchoe
Authors: Li Rui , Fan Lu , Lin Jingdong , Li Mingyang , Liu Daofeng , Sui Shunzhao
Published: May 2019

Kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana) is a common potted flower that is popular throughout the world. Brown spot (caused by Stemphylium lycopersici) is one of the common foliage diseases in kalanchoe. This disease tends to infect leaves of kalanchoe plants in hot and humid environments, reducing their aesthetic value. The current investigation aimed to generate mutations resistant to brown spot in ‘Mary’ kalanchoe through chemical mutagenesis followed by molecular marker identification. Putative mutants were developed by treating embryogenic calluses with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) at median lethal doses (LD50)–either a 0.8% concentration for 2 hours or a 1.0% concentration for 0.5 hours. Brown spot crude toxin solution was used as the selection agent to identify disease-resistant calluses during tissue culture. The optimal crude concentration (60%) was determined by soaking calluses with different concentrations of crude pathogen: 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% (v/v). A total of 32 anti-brown spot lines were regenerated and tested for disease resistance with detached leaves. Three regenerated EMS mutant lines showed no obvious brown spot lesions on their leaves after the disease resistance assay and were subjected to polymorphism identification by start codon targeted (SCoT) molecular markers. Three (SCoT40, SCoT71, and SCoT72) of 45 selected primers were chosen to identify the mutants. This work may lay the foundation for further development of new disease-resistant cultivars of kalanchoe.
Inoculation with Aspergillus aculeatus Alters the Performance of Perennial Ryegrass under Phosphorus Deficiency
Authors: Li Xiaoning , Sun Xiaoyan , Wang Guangyang , Amombo Erick , Zhou Xiuwen , Du Zhaohong , Zhang Yinkun , Xie Yan , Fu Jinmin
Published: May 2019

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient element that is necessary for plant growth and development. However, most of the P exists in insoluble form. Aspergillus aculeatus has been reported to be able to solubilize insoluble forms of P. Here, to investigate the P-solubilizing effect of A. aculeatus on the performance of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) under P-deficiency stress, we created four treatment groups: control [i.e., no Ca3(PO4)2 or A. aculeatus], A. aculeatus only (F), Ca3(PO4)2 and Ca3(PO4)2 + A. aculeatus [Ca3(PO4)2 + F] treatment, and Ca3(PO4)2 at concentrations of 0 and 3 g per pot (0.5 kg substrate per pot). In our results, the liquid medium inoculated with A. aculeatus exhibited enhanced soluble P and organic acid content (tartaric acid, citric acid, and aminoacetic acid) accompanied with lower pH, compared with the noninoculated regimen. Furthermore, A. aculeatus also played a primary role in increasing the soluble P content of substrate (1 sawdust: 3 sand), the growth rate, turf quality, and photosynthetic capacity of the plant exposed to Ca3(PO4)2 + F treatment, compared with other groups. Finally, in perennial ryegrass leaves, there was a dramatic increase in the valine, serine, tyrosine, and proline contents, and a remarkable decline in the glutamic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, and fumaric acid contents in the Ca3(PO4)2 + F regimen, compared with other groups. Overall, our results suggested that A. aculeatus may play a crucial role in the process of solubilizing Ca3(PO4)2 and modulating perennial ryegrass growth under P-deficiency stress.
Genome-wide Association Analysis of Red Flesh Character Based on Resequencing Approach in Peach
Authors: Liu Huihui , Cao Ke , Zhu Gengrui , Fang Weichao , Chen Changwen , Wang Xinwei , Wang Lirong
Published: May 2019

Anthocyanins are important molecules that are responsible for fruit color formation and are also beneficial to human health. To date, numerous structural and regulatory genes associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis in peach (Prunus persica) have been reported based on linkage analysis. In this study, we sought to identify further genes associated with anthocyanin content in peach by conducting a genome-wide association analysis of 129 peach accessions to detect markers associated with the trait. Significant association signals were detected when anthocyanin content was considered a qualitative character but not when it was considered a quantitative trait. We detected an association region located between 11.7 and 13.1 Mb in chromosome 1, a region in which only 133 of 146 genes have previously been functionally annotated. Gene ontology annotation of the genes in this region showed that membrane-associated genes (including one gene encoding a chloride channel protein and 17 sugar transport/carrier-associated genes) were significantly enriched, and we focused on these in subsequent analyses. Based on in vitro induction of anthocyanins in fruit flesh using different exogenously applied sugars and subsequent culture, we found that the expression level of 3 of the 18 membrane-associated genes, Prupe.1G156300, Prupe.1G156900, and Prupe.1G157000, increased during induction treatment. Furthermore, during the fruit development period of a white-fleshed and a red-fleshed peach cultivar, the expression of one gene encoding a transmembrane sugar transport protein was observed to be positively correlated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. These results will facilitate understanding of the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in peach.
Self-sterility May Be Due to Prezygotic Late-acting Self-incompatibility and Early-acting Inbreeding Depression in Chinese Chestnut
Authors: Xiong Huan , Zou Feng , Guo Sujuan , Yuan Deyi , Niu Genhua
Published: May 2019

Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima), which is native to China, has been cultivated as a nontimber forest tree species for 4000 years. This species has been found to display self-sterility, which results in a significantly lower seed set following self-pollination (SP) compared with that following cross-pollination (CP). Self-sterility can be induced by prezygotic or postzygotic late-acting self-incompatibility (LSI) or early-acting inbreeding depression (EID). To elucidate the causes of self-sterility in chestnut, we investigated pollen–pistil interactions, fertilization, and early ovule development following SP and CP by using a paraffin section technique and fluorescence microscopy. The fruit set percentage and seed characteristics also were evaluated among different pollination treatments. The results show that there were no significant differences in pollen tube behavior following SP vs. CP, regardless of the stigmatic or stylar level. Double fertilization was significantly greater following CP (18.09%) than SP (2.58%). The significantly lower percentages of ovule penetration and double fertilization in the selfed vs. crossed ovules support a prezygotic LSI mechanism in C. mollissima. The fruit set resulting from chase-pollination (CHP; 53.85% to 63.64%) was greater than that resulting from SP (12.12% to 14.00%). In addition, the distribution of aborted seed sizes after SP showed a widely clumped pattern. Abortion occurred at different stages during seed development rather than at a uniform stage, which supported the idea that EID was operating in C. mollissima. Levels of self-sterility in the chinese chestnut trees ranged from 88.2% to 90.5%. Thus, partial prezygotic LSI and EID contributed to self-sterility in the C. mollissima ‘Yanshanzaofeng’, with prezygotic LSI rejecting part of the self-pollen in the ovary and EID aborting part of the self-fertilized seeds.
BLOCCHINE TECHNOLOGY IN THE ANALYSIS OF SECTORAL INFORMATION FOR THE PURPOSE OF REGULATING THE ANTHROPOGENIC LOAD ON SPECIAL PROTECTION NATURAL AREAS
Authors: Shmorgun Leonid
Published: May 2019

Subject of research is a set of organizational and economic relations arising in the process of managing the resource potential of natural territories, protected by a special law. Aim of research is the development of scientific methodological and practical recommendations for improving the management of special territories of the tourist and recreational sphere. Methodology of research – system-structural, comparative analysis and analysis of industry information with the use of monochrome block technologies (in studying the problems of functioning of the economic potential of natural territories, protected by a special law); economic analysis (in assessing the state and dynamics of the economic potential of natural territories, protected by a special law); modeling and forecasting (in the process of studying the dynamics of the development of resource potential of nature protection areas of the tourist and recreational sphere). Results of research – the conceptual and theoretical bases of analysis of the tourist-recreational potential of any territorial biocenoses are determined, taking into account the international experience in the sphere of tourism and digital transformations; systematized approaches to the study and assessment of the tourism-recreational potential under changed conditions; metrics were created and the mechanism for collecting material on the tourism resources of the study areas, including specially protected natural areas, was determined (SPNA); the methodology of the research of substances of artificial ("civilization") origin are theoretically substantiated; blockade and GIS technologies in optimizing tourism activities for the purpose of preserving biological potential; blockade technology in the analysis of industry information in order to optimize the anthropogenic load on protected areas and preserve their biological potential. Conclusions - the system of scientific principles for managing tourism and recreational resources of protected areas, the tourism and recreation sphere will allow identifying unused reserves, and also includes methods, tools and directions for solving the tasks of strategic development of the potential of natural territories, protected by a special law.
Revising the BFIHOST catchment descriptor to improve UK flood frequency estimates
Authors: Griffin Adam , Young Andy , Stewart Lisa
Published: May 2019

The estimate of the base flow index (BFI) based on the Hydrology of Soil Types (HOST) classification, BFIHOST, provides a measure of catchment responsiveness. BFIHOST is used with other variables to estimate the median annual maximum flood (QMED) in the UK standard Flood Estimation Handbook (FEH) statistical method and is also an explanatory variable in ReFH2, the FEH design hydrograph package. The current estimates of BFIHOST are derived from a restricted linear model, and a number of issues in the catchment dataset have been identified since the original work in 1995. The BFI calculated through base flow separation tends to be underestimated in clay-dominated catchments, and the calculation technique performs poorly in ephemeral catchments or those with missing data. The pragmatic bounding of BFI coefficients for permeable soils overlying aquifer outcrops is also problematic for small catchments. This paper investigates alternative regression methods to improve base flow estimates using the HOST class data for 991 stations (compared to 575 in the original); beta regression was found to give the best performance. Combining multiple rare classes into single classes is also shown to improve performance. The new version of BFIHOST was applied to the QMED equation, showing improved performance.
A Clinical Decision Support System for Assessing the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Azad Boni Tahere Talebi , Ayatollahi Haleh , Langarizadeh Mostafa
Published: May 2019

Background:

One of the greatest challenges in the field of medicine is the increasing burden
of chronic diseases, such as diabetes. Diabetes may cause several complications, such as kidney failure
which is followed by hemodialysis and an increasing risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective:

The purpose of this research was to develop a clinical decision support system for assessing
the risk of cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis by using a fuzzy logic
approach.

Methods:

This study was conducted in 2018. Initially, the views of physicians on the importance of assessment
parameters were determined by using a questionnaire. The face and content validity of the
questionnaire was approved by the experts in the field of medicine. The reliability of the questionnaire
was calculated by using the test-retest method (r = 0.89). This system was designed and implemented
by using MATLAB software. Then, it was evaluated by using the medical records of diabetic patients
undergoing hemodialysis (n=208).

Results:

According to the physicians' point of view, the most important parameters for assessing the
risk of cardiovascular diseases were glomerular filtration, duration of diabetes, age, blood pressure,
type of diabetes, body mass index, smoking, and C reactive protein. The system was designed and the
evaluation results showed that the values of sensitivity, accuracy, and validity were 85%, 92% and
90%, respectively. The K-value was 0.62.

Conclusion:

The results of the system were largely similar to the patients’ records and showed that the
designed system can be used to help physicians to assess the risk of cardiovascular diseases and to improve
the quality of care services for diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis. By predicting the risk
of the disease and classifying patients in different risk groups, it is possible to provide them with better
care plans.
Phospholipase A2 is an Inflammatory Predictor in Cardiovascular Diseases: Is there any Spacious Room to Prove the Causation?
Authors: Santoso Anwar , Heriansyah Teuku , Rohman Mohammad S.
Published: May 2019

:

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is an enzyme family of phospholipase A2 produced by the inflammatory cell in atherosclerotic plaque. It is transported in the circulation, attached mainly to low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). It hydrolyzes glycerophospholipids particularly fatty acids at the sn-2 position and produces numerous bioactive lipids; and leads to endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerotic plaque inflammation, and development of the necrotic core in plaques.

:

There are two kinds of phospholipase A2, namely: secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and Lp- PLA2. They are deemed as evolving predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in hospitaland population-based studies, including healthy subjects, acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and patients with CVD. Unfortunately, Lp-PLA2 inhibitor (darapladib) and s-PLA2 inhibitor (varespladib methyl) failed to prove to lower the risk of composite CVD mortality, myocardial infarction and stroke in those with stable CVD and ACS.

:

Herein, we describe the explanation based on the existing data why there is still a discrepancy among them. So, it highlights the opinion that phospholipase A2 is merely the inflammatory biomarkers of CVD and playing an important role in atherosclerosis. Further, there is more spacious room to prove the causation.
Novel p-Functionalized Chromen-4-on-3-yl Chalcones Bearing Astonishing Boronic Acid Moiety as MDM2 Inhibitor: Synthesis, Cytotoxic Evaluation and Simulation Studies
Authors: Bhatia Richa K. , Singh Lakhwinder , Garg Ruchika , Kaur Maninder , Yadav Manmohan , Madan Jitender , Kancherla Satyavathi , Pissurlenkar Raghuvir R.S. , Coutinho Evans C.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Novel 4-[3-(6/7/8-Substituted 4-Oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)acryloyl]phenylboronic
acid derivatives (5a-h) as well as other 6/7/8-substituted-3-(3-oxo-3-(4-substitutedphenyl)
prop-1-enyl)-4H-chromen-4-one derivatives (3a-u) have been designed as p53-MDM2
pathway inhibitors and reported to possess significant cytotoxic properties against several cancer
cell lines.

Objectives:

The current project aims to frame the structure-anticancer activity relationship of
chromen-4-on-3-yl chalcones (3a-u/5a-h). In addition, docking studies were performed on these
chromeno-chalcones in order to have an insight into their interaction possibilities with MDM2 protein.

Methods:

Twenty-nine chromen-4-on-3-yl chalcone derivatives (3a-u/5a-h) were prepared by utilizing
silica supported-HClO4 (green route with magnificent yield) and tested against four cancer
cell lines (HCT116, MCF-7, THP-1, NCIH322).

Results:

Among the series 3a-u, compound 3b exhibited the highest anticancer activity (with IC50
values ranging from 8.6 to 28.4 µM) overall against tested cancer cell lines. Interestingly, para-
Boronic acid derivative (5b) showed selective inhibition against colon cancer cell line, HCT-116
with an IC50 value of 2.35 µM. Besides the emblematic hydrophobic interactions of MDM2 inhibitors,
derivative 5b was found to exhibit extra hydrogen bonding with GLN59 and GLN72 residues
of MDM2 in molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. All the compounds were virtually nontoxic
against normal fibroblast cells.

Conclusion:

Novel compounds were obtained with good anticancer activity especially 6-
Chlorochromen-4-one substituted boronic acid derivative 5b. The molecular docking study proposed
good activity as a MDM-2 inhibitor suggesting hydrophobic as well as hydrogen bonding
interactions with MDM2.
Addressing Crises in Teenage Pregnancy
Authors: Doghor Osarumen N. , Nomamiukor Faith O. , Okotcha Efetobore N. , Onigu-Otite Edore
Published: May 2019

Background:

Adolescent pregnancy is a major public health concern with medical,
psychiatric, and social implications. Within this population, there is an elevated rate of
co-occurring psychiatric conditions including mood disorders, anxiety disorders, suicidality,
and substance use. However, little is known about the assessment and treatment of adolescent
pregnancy within the context of these co-occurring psychiatric conditions, particularly
in an emergency situation.

Objective:

This article utilizes a case report to illustrate the challenges faced in consultative
psychiatry in the assessment and treatment of a pregnant suicidal youth with a complex psychosocial
history. Topics addressed include: 1) The role of childhood trauma and suicidality
in adolescent pregnancy 2) A consideration of the risks and benefits of treating adolescents
with psychotropics during pregnancy.

Method:

A literature search was performed with the key words of adolescent, pregnancy,
child sexual abuse and psychiatric illness. In addition, expert opinions of a reproductive psychiatrist
and a psychiatrist who had specialized in addiction and adolescents were enlisted on
key aspects of the case formulation and treatment.

Results:

Several studies were found that focused on depression, substance abuse and trauma
in adolescent pregnancy. There were more studies that looked at psychopharmacological
treatment in adult pregnant women and a few that focused on adolescents.

Conclusion:

Addressing the crisis of psychiatric illness in adolescent pregnancy requires a
thorough approach in understanding the severity of the illness and the contribution of child
abuse and suicidality. Psychotherapeutic interventions are most certainly always necessary
and beneficial when dealing with this population. Deciding when to start and maintain medication
during pregnancy should be individualized, with considerations of the risks of untreated
illness and of medication exposure.
deliberação e seus momentos nas conversações em sociedades divididas
Authors: Pimentel Gabriella Hauber , Sanglard Fernanda Nalon , Camelo Pedro Henrique Bicalho
Published: May 2019

O livro “Deliberation across Deeply Divided Societies: Transformative Moments”, do pesquisador suíço Jürg Steiner, em parceria com as pesquisadoras Maria Clara Jaramillo, Rousiley Maia e Simona Mameli, enfrenta uma importante questão da Teoria Deliberativa: é possível deliberar em sociedades e contextos de divisões profundas? Para respondê-la, os autores analisam grupos focais de três contextos distintos, todos tendo em comum situações de violência extrema: a) ex-guerrilheiros e ex-paramilitares na Colômbia; b) Sérvios e Bósnios na Bósnia e Herzegovina; c) policiais e moradores de favelas no Brasil. Além de mostrarem que, sim, mesmo cidadãos envolvidos em conflitos profundos são capazes de alcançarem o entendimento mútuo, Steiner e colegas incluem na análise elementos que vão além das trocas argumentativas, como histórias de vida, emoção e humor, e também o papel de líderes e spoilers. Outro mérito do livro é a abordagem metodológica, que se preocupa com o contexto e busca capturar o fluxo da discussão, não apenas falas isoladas.
Dissemination and Effectiveness of the Peer Marketing and Messaging of a Web-Assisted Tobacco Intervention: Protocol for a Hybrid Effectiveness Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Faro Jamie M , Orvek Elizabeth A , Blok Amanda C , Nagawa Catherine S , McDonald Annalise J , Seward Gregory , Houston Thomas K , Kamberi Ariana , Allison Jeroan J , Person Sharina D , Smith Bridget M , Brady Kathleen , Grosowsky Tina , Jacobsen Lewis L , Paine Jennifer , Welch Jr James M , Sadasivam Rajani S
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND

Smoking continues to be the leading preventable cause of death. Digital Interventions for Smoking Cessation (DISCs) are health communication programs accessible via the internet and smartphones and allow for greater reach and effectiveness of tobacco cessation programs. DISCs have led to increased 6-month cessation rates while also reaching vulnerable populations. Despite this, the impact of DISCs has been limited and new ways to increase access and effectiveness are needed.

OBJECTIVE

We are conducting a hybrid effectiveness-dissemination study. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of a machine learning–based approach (recommender system) for computer-tailored health communication (CTHC) over a standard CTHC system based on quit rates and risk reduction. In addition, this study will assess the dissemination of providing access to a peer recruitment toolset on recruitment rate and variability of the sample.

METHODS

The Smoker-to-Smoker (S2S) study is a 6-month hybrid effectiveness dissemination trial conducted nationally among English-speaking, current smokers aged ≥18 years. All eligible participants will register for the DISC (Decide2quit) and be randomized to the recommender system CTHC or the standard CTHC, followed by allocation to a peer recruitment toolset group or control group. Primary outcomes will be 7-day point prevalence and risk reduction at the 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes include recruitment rate, website engagement, and patient-reported outcomes collected via the 6-month follow-up questionnaire. All primary analyses will be conducted on an intent-to-treat basis.

RESULTS

The project is funded from 2017 to 2020 by the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute. Enrollment was completed in early 2019, and 6-month follow-ups will be completed by late 2019. Preliminary data analysis is currently underway.

CONCLUSIONS

Conducting a hybrid study with both effectiveness and dissemination hypotheses raises some unique challenges in the study design and analysis. Our study addresses these challenges to test new innovations and increase the effectiveness and reach of DISCs.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR

DERR1-10.2196/14814
Moderated Online Social Therapy: Viewpoint on the Ethics and Design Principles of a Web-Based Therapy System (Preprint)
Authors: D'Alfonso Simon , Phillips Jessica , Valentine Lee , Gleeson John , Alvarez-Jimenez Mario
Published: May 2019

UNSTRUCTURED

The modern omnipresence of social media and social networking sites (SNSs) brings with it a range of important research questions. One of these concerns the impact of SNS use on mental health and well-being, a question that has been pursued in depth by scholars in the psychological sciences and the field of human-computer interaction. Despite this attention, the design choices made in the development of SNSs and the notion of well-being employed to evaluate such systems require further scrutiny. In this viewpoint paper, we examine the strategic design choices made in our development of an enclosed SNS for young people experiencing mental ill-health in terms of ethical and persuasive design and in terms of how it fosters well-being. In doing so, we critique the understanding of well-being that is used in much of the existing literature to make claims about the impact of a given technology on well-being. We also demonstrate how the holistic concept of eudaimonic well-being and ethical design of SNSs can complement one another.
Mobile phone usage and willingness to receive mental health support through mobile phones among perinatal mothers in rural Bihar, India: A community survey (Preprint)
Authors: Raghavan Vijaya , Khan Homam A. , Uttara Seshu , Choudhary Amarnath
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND

The increasing usage of mobile phones has created unique opportunities to provide health information dissemination and other interventions even to the remote places.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the current study as to examine the mobile phone usage among ante- and post- natal mothers in rural Bihar and their willingness to receive health information and mental health counseling through mobile phones.

METHODS

The current study was conducted in four village panchayats, selected by convenience sampling, in Dalsinghsarai Taluk, Samastipur district, Bihar. A total of 50 ante- and post- natal mothers were interviewed after obtaining a written informed consent. A semi-structed performa was developed, in consultation with the mental health professionals, community level workers, village heads and lay people, to gather relevant information from the study participants. Descriptive statistical tests were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS

Analysis shows that the study participants’ average years of education was 5.4±3.6. Nearly 98% of the households of the interviewed study participants had at least one mobile phone while 84% of the study participants had separate personal mobile phones for themselves and had autonomy to use. 90% of the mobile phones in use are modular type. Nearly 98% of the study participants reported willingness to receive health information and mental health counseling through mobile phones.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of the current study indicate that there is high mobile phone usage in rural Bihar and majority of the ante- and post- natal mothers own and use them with autonomy. They have also shown interest in receiving heath interventions through mobile phones. Novel and innovative approaches could be developed to tap into this potential avenue to promote and deliver health information and could be scaled up for wider audience at low cost.
Rompiendo la jaula de la Dominación
Authors: Maldonado Rivera Claudio
Published: May 2019

La obra coordinada por Víctor Hugo Pacheco Chávez se publica por editorial Doble Ciencia en un año en que el pensamiento crítico y emancipador de Latinoamérica se despide de uno de los grandes intelectuales del sur, del sociólogo peruano Aníbal Quijano, cuyo legado, sin lugar a dudas, ha marcado y marcará la agenda de activistas, intelectuales y organizaciones de la sociedad civil comprometidas con generar transformaciones que permitan superar la crisis que el proyecto de la modernidad/colonialidad ha ido configurando durante un largo trayecto, que ya lleva más de quinientos años ininterrumpidos.
El misterio del posneoliberalismo. La estrategia para América Latina
Authors: Vega Ricardo
Published: May 2019

Elabora una sociología política de las clases dominantes en la región a través del estudio del Estado, corrientes de pensamiento, organismos regionales, transnacionales, también proporciona una reinterpretación de nuestra historia pasada y presente y, sobre todo, nos da una explicación de las transformaciones del capitalismo latinoamericano. Establece su conexión con las estrategias de construcción de hegemonía de las clases dominantes que sistemáticamente han llevado a las fuerzas de izquierda alternativas al capitalismo a callejones sin salida, emboscadas, asechanzas y celadas que han dejado un mercantilismo capitalista perturbado, pero imbatible.
Sustitución selectiva de importaciones y promoción selectiva de exportaciones : un enfoque teórico
Authors: Ceara Hatton Miguel
Published: May 2019

Este texto muestra un marco analítico general a nivel macroeconómico y sectorial que muestra de una manera lógica que las estrategias de sustitución selectiva y promoción de exportaciones no son opciones alternativas opuestas de manera que la afirmación de una implique la negación de la otra, sino que son complementarias.
La seguridad de alimentos en la República Dominicana : un balance crítico
Authors: Sang Ben Miguel
Published: May 2019

Este texto describe una panorámica histórica de la intervención estatal en la comercialización de alimentos y sus efectos hasta 1982. También un desarrollo sucinto de la política de comercialización. Sus principios y propuestas de operación por producto. Concluyendo con una evaluación de la coyuntura en materia de seguridad de alimenttos en la República Dominicana en 1982.
La pobreza: su impacto en el desarrollo del niño
Authors: Peña Valdés Frank A
Published: May 2019

Este texto evalúa uno de los problemas más antiguos y comunes de la humanidad, que es sin lugar a dudas la pobreza. Esta, sin embargo, es mucho más marcada y trascendente en los países en vías de desarrollo o tercer mundistas (Africa, Asia, América del Sur y El Caribe).
Subutilización de investigaciones en la toma de decisiones en la República Dominicana : algunas sugerencias para contribuir a su superación
Authors: Ortega Manuel M.
Published: May 2019

Este texto analiza la profundidad de las interrelaciones entre población y sociedad en la República Domininca, donde no podía faltar una ponencia que estudiara el fenómeno de la subutilización de las investigaciones demográficas por aquellas personas e instituciones de cuyas decisiones depende el destino de nuestro país.
Palabras de presentación de la obra 25 años de historia de Ida Hernández Caamaño
Authors: Arboleda de Roa Lucero
Published: May 2019

Este texto muestra la obra de Ida Hernández Caamaño, la cual ocupa el número 14 de una serie editorial del Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo.
Nepomnyashchiy, Andrey A. Akademik S. F. Platonov i krymovedenie [Academician S.F. Platonov and Crimean Studies]. Belgorod: Konstanta Publ., 2018, 216 p. (Series:“Biobibliography of Crimean Studies.” Vol. 27)
Authors: Moseykina Marina N
Published: May 2019

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LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE GENERAL CRIME IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: STATUS AND TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Avdeev Vadim A , Avdeeva Ekaterina V
Published: May 2019

The current conditions of the ongoing intra-state socio-economic and political-legal transformations inevitably affect the state, structure and dynamics of ordinary criminal mercenary criminality. The conducted legal analysis confirms the urgency of the development and implementation of new, more sophisticated measures to counter theft, fraud, robbery, robbery and extortion, taking into account the development trends of these crimes against property. The renewed renovation of the Russian state system is accompanied by the adoption of the Concept of Long-Term Social and Economic Development of the Russian Federation, the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation, which predetermine new directions of the criminal legal policy in minimizing the criminalization of public relations to ensure the security of various forms of ownership. The globalization of law, the changing polycentric world predetermine the expediency of following the universally recognized principles and norms of international law, including those aimed at effectively countering ordinary criminal mercenary criminality. Throughout the evolution of social development, the priority task of each state was the inviolability of property interests. Analysis of the state, structure and dynamics of crimes against property, regulated by Art. 158-1596, 161-163 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, allows us to note the dominant position of ordinary criminal mercenary criminality. In this connection, conclusions are drawn on the trends in the development of the criminal situation, and the estimation of the illegality and collision of modern criminal legislation with regard to the construction of criminal law norms is given. The main directions of the criminal and legal policy in the sphere of novelization of the criminal law on counteracting common criminal mercenary criminality are to be understood. The topical issues of legislative and organizational-practical nature in the field of countering common criminal mercenary criminality are considered.
PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIOETHICS AND GENOMICS (THEMATIC REVIEW OF THE INTERNATIONAL ROUND TABLE)
Authors: Trikoz Elena N
Published: May 2019

The article presents a description of the main theses of reports and presentations during the thematic meeting in the framework of an interdisciplinary group of scientific experts and students of law schools from Russia and Italy. The problems of the legalization of genetic research, the regulation of ethical, legal-social and international legal issues, as well as the problems of biomedical influence on the sphere of human rights are analyzed.