bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased incidence of endophthalmitis after vitrectomy relative to face mask wearing during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sakamoto Taiji , Terasaki Hiroto , Yamashita Toshifumi , Shiihara Hideki , Funatsu Ryoh , Uemura Akinori
Published: June 2022

Background/aims

To determine the incidence and causative pathogens of endophthalmitis after vitrectomy during strict face mask wearing in the COVID-19 period.

Methods

This was a retrospective multicentre study including 31 ophthalmological institutions of the Japanese Retina and Vitreous Society or Japan-Clinical Retina Study group. Patients who had undergone vitrectomy during 2019, the pre-COVID-19 period, and from July 2020 to June 2021, the COVID-mask period, were studied. The results of cataract surgery were used as a control. The total number of vitrectomies and the total number of postoperative endophthalmitis were determined. Then, the differences in the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis between the pre-COVID-19 period and the COVID-mask period, and the type of pathogens causing the endophthalmitis were studied.

Results

The incidence of postvitrectomy endophthalmitis was significantly lower in the pre-COVID-19 period with 16 568 surgeries and 18 endophthalmitis cases (0.11%) than in the COVID-mask period of 14 929 surgeries and 31 endophthalmitis cases (0.21%; p=0.031, OR=1.913, 95% CI 1.078 to 3.394). In the pre-COVID-19 period, 4 of the 18 eyes were culture positive, and all were of theStaphylococcusfamily. In the COVID-mask period, 9 of the 31 eyes were culture positive, and 4 cases were related to oral commensals includingStreptococcusspp, which are reportedly very rare in endophthalmitis after vitrectomy.

Conclusions

It is necessary for physicians to be aware of the higher incidence of postvitrectomy endophthalmitis during the COVID-mask period, and to treat their patients appropriately.
Successful 10-second one-legged stance performance predicts survival in middle-aged and older individuals
Authors: Araujo Claudio Gil , de Souza e Silva Christina Grüne , Laukkanen Jari Antero , Fiatarone Singh Maria , Kunutsor Setor Kwadzo , Myers Jonathan , Franca João Felipe , Castro Claudia Lucia
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Balance quickly diminishes after the mid-50s increasing the risk for falls and other adverse health outcomes. Our aim was to assess whether the ability to complete a 10- s one-legged stance (10-second OLS) is associated with all-cause mortality and whether it adds relevant prognostic information beyond ordinary demographic, anthropometric and clinical data.

Methods

Anthropometric, clinical and vital status and 10-s OLS data were assessed in 1702 individuals (68% men) aged 51–75 years between 2008 and 2020. Log-rank and Cox modelling were used to compare survival curves and risk of death according to ability (YES) or inability (NO) to complete the 10-s OLS test.

Results

Overall, 20.4% of the individuals were classified as NO. During a median follow-up of 7 years, 7.2% died, with 4.6% (YES) and 17.5% (NO) on the 10-s OLS. Survival curves were worse for NO 10-s OLS (log-rank test=85.6; p<0.001). In an adjusted model incorporating age, sex, body mass index and comorbidities, the HR of all-cause mortality was higher (1.84 (95% CI: 1.23 to 2.78) (p<0.001)) for NO individuals. Adding 10-s OLS to a model containing established risk factors was associated with significantly improved mortality risk prediction as measured by differences in −2 log likelihood and integrated discrimination improvement.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of uncontrolled variables such as recent history of falls and physical activity, the ability to successfully complete the 10-s OLS is independently associated with all-cause mortality and adds relevant prognostic information beyond age, sex and several other anthropometric and clinical variables. There is potential benefit to including the 10-s OLS as part of routine physical examination in middle-aged and older adults.
Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of microbial keratitis in South East Nepal: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Puri Lila Raj , Burn Helen , Roshan Abhishek , Biswakarma Ramanand , Burton Matthew
Published: June 2022

Objective

To describe the epidemiology of microbial keratitis in patients presenting to a tertiary eye hospital in South East Nepal alongside qualitative interviews exploring patient perspectives on barriers to accessing eye care services.

Methods and analysis

All patients with microbial keratitis (>16 years) presenting to Sagarmatha Choudhary Eye Hospital, Nepal between 1 May 2017 and 31 July 2017 were recruited. Data were collected on patient demographics, precipitating factors and pathway to care. Clinical examination was performed and microbiological samples collected. Visual acuity was measured at final follow-up. Semistructured interviews and focus group discussions explored the patient journey and barriers to accessing care.

Results

We recruited 174 participants; 88 (51%) were male (mean age of 47 years) and 126 (72%) were farmers. Ocular trauma with vegetative matter was reported by 79 (45%) and 84 (48%) had fungal infections. Visual acuity was <3/60 in 107 (61%) of affected eyes at presentation, reducing to 73 (42%) at last follow-up. Factors associated with poor visual outcome were trauma with vegetative matter, delayed presentation and poor visual acuity at presentation. Qualitative interviews with 40 patients identified lack of awareness of the disease and available services, poor knowledge and practice of community health workers and lack of affordability and accessibility of treatment as important barriers.

Conclusion

The epidemiology of microbial keratitis in this region was similar to other tropical regions. Patient interviews highlighted need for public health awareness campaigns on microbial keratitis, training of community health staff on the urgency of this condition and improvements in accessibility and affordability of ocular treatments.
Limited waiting areas in outpatient clinics: an intervention to incorporate the effect of bridging times in blueprint schedules
Authors: Dijkstra Sander , Otten Maarten , Leeftink Gréanne , Kamphorst Bas , Olde Meierink Angelique , Heinen Anouk , Bijlsma Rhodé , Boucherie Richard J
Published: June 2022

Background

Distancing measures enforced by the COVID-19 pandemic impose a restriction on the number of patients simultaneously present in hospital waiting areas.

Objective

Evaluate waiting area occupancy of an intervention that designs clinic blueprint schedules, in which all appointments of the pre-COVID-19 case mix are scheduled either digitally or in person under COVID-19 distancing measures, whereby the number of in-person appointments is maximised.

Methods

Preintervention analysis and prospective assessment of intervention outcomes were used to evaluate the outcomes on waiting area occupancy and number of in-person consultations (postintervention only) using descriptive statistics, for two settings in the Rheumatology Clinic of Sint Maartenskliniek (SMK) and Medical Oncology & Haematology Outpatient Clinic of University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU). Retrospective data from October 2019 to February 2020 were used to evaluate the pre-COVID-19 blueprint schedules. An iterative optimisation and simulation approach was followed, based on integer linear programming and Monte Carlo simulation, which iteratively optimised and evaluated blueprint schedules until the 95% CI of the number of patients in the waiting area did not exceed available capacity.

Results

Under pre-COVID-19 blueprint schedules, waiting areas would be overcrowded by up to 22 (SMK) and 11 (UMCU) patients, given the COVID-19 distancing measures. The postintervention blueprint scheduled all appointments without overcrowding the waiting areas, of which 88% and 87% were in person and 12% and 13% were digitally (SMK and UMCU, respectively).

Conclusions

The intervention was effective in two case studies with different waiting area characteristics and a varying number of interdependent patient trajectory stages. The intervention is generically applicable to a wide range of healthcare services that schedule a (series of) appointment(s) for their patients. Care providers can use the intervention to evaluate overcrowding of waiting area(s) and design optimal blueprint schedules to continue a maximum number of in-person appointments under pandemic distancing measures.
Educational gradients in all-cause mortality in two cohorts in the Czech Republic during the early stage of the postcommunist transition
Authors: Pauls Ceciel , Dalecká Andrea , Lu Wentian , Hubáček Jaroslav , Pikhart Hynek , Bobák Martin
Published: June 2022

Objectives

We investigated whether social gradient in all-cause mortality in the Czech Republic changed during the postcommunist transition by comparing two cohorts, recruited before and after the political changes in 1989.

Methods

Participants (aged 25–64 years) in two population surveys (n=2530 in 1985, n=2294 in 1992) were followed up for mortality for 15 years (291 and 281 deaths, respectively). Education was classified into attainment categories and years of schooling (both continuous and in tertiles). Cox regression was used to estimate HR of death by educational indices in each cohort over a 15-year follow-up.

Results

All three educational variables were significantly associated with reduced risk of death in both cohorts when men and women were combined; for example, the adjusted HRs of death in the highest versus lowest tertile of years of schooling were 0.65 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.89) in 1985 and 0.67 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.93) in 1992. Adjustment for covariates attenuated the gradients. In sex-specific analysis, the gradient was more pronounced and statistically significant in men. There were no significant interactions between cohort and educational indices.

Conclusions

The educational gradient in mortality did not differ between the two cohorts (1985 vs 1992), suggesting no major increase in educational inequality during the early stage of postcommunist transition. Further research is needed to understand trends in health inequalities during socioeconomic transitions.
Cardiac autonomic disturbance following resistance and sprint-interval exercises in non-obese and obese young men
Authors: Nie Jinlei , Tong Tomas K. , Zhou Yingqi , Shi Qingde , Zhang Haifeng , Kong Zhaowei
Published: June 2022

This study examined the alterations of heart rate variability (HRV) following iso-duration resistance (RES) and sprint-interval exercises (SIE) by comparing with that of non-exercise control (CON) in 14 non-obese (NOB) and 15 obese (OB) young men. Time and frequency domain measures as well as nonlinear metrics of HRV were assessed before and immediately after exercise, and during every 20 min until 120 min post-exercise. The variables during the first 4 h of actual sleep time at night, and the period of 12–14 h post-exercise were also measured. All trials were scheduled at 20:00. It was found that RES and SIE attenuated the HRV in both NOB and OB ( P < 0.05), and the attenuated HRV restored progressively during subsequent recovery. Although the changes in HRV indices among various time points during the recovery period and its interaction across RES, SIE, and CON were not different between NOB and OB, the restoration of the declined HRV indices to corresponding CON level in the 2 exercise trials in OB appeared to be sluggish in relative to NOB. Notwithstanding, post-exercise HRV that recorded during actual sleep at night and during 12–14 h apart from exercise were unvaried among the 3 trials in both groups ( P > 0.05). These findings suggest that obesity is likely to be a factor hindering the removal of exercise-induced cardiac autonomic disturbance in young men. Nonetheless, the declined HRV following both the RES and SIE protocols was well restored after a resting period of ∼10 h regardless of obesity. The study was registered at ISRCTN as https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN88544091 .
PERMEABILITY ANALYSIS OF FRACTURED-VUGGY CARBONATE RESERVOIRS BASED ON FRACTAL THEORY
Authors: SU XIN , REN BO , HUANG ZHAOQIN
Published: June 2022

Permeability analysis is an essential process in reservoir characterization. As one of the most development potential kind of reservoirs, the coexistence of fractures and vugs brings great challenges to permeability analysis of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs due to its highly heterogeneity on multi scales. In this work, a novel permeability analysis model is developed for fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs based on fractal theory, which can predict the permeability of fractured-vuggy porous media within a reliable range. Besides, a Monte Carlo simulation has also been implemented to obtain feasible values of permeability based on experimental sample parameters. The validity of the proposed fractal model is verified by both the experimental data and numerical simulation results. Each parameter in the model has clear physical meaning. The results show that the permeability of a fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir is related to the fracture fractal dimension, fracture fractal tortuosity dimension, the maximum vug diameter and the maximum fracture aperture.
BOUNDED VARIATION ON THE SIERPIŃSKI GASKET
Authors: VERMA S. , SAHU A.
Published: June 2022

Under certain continuity conditions, we estimate upper and lower box dimensions of the graph of a function defined on the Sierpiński gasket. We also give an upper bound for Hausdorff dimension and box dimension of the graph of a function having finite energy. Further, we introduce two sets of definitions of bounded variation for a function defined on the Sierpiński gasket. We show that fractal dimension of the graph of a continuous function of bounded variation is [Formula: see text] We also prove that the class of all bounded variation functions is closed under arithmetic operations. Furthermore, we show that every function of bounded variation is continuous almost everywhere in the sense of [Formula: see text]-dimensional Hausdorff measure.
A Review of Collaboration and Secure Information-Sharing for Supply Chain Management
Authors: Salamai Abdullah Ali
Published: June 2022

Over the last decade, collaboration and secure information-sharing (SIS) have been studied in the context of supply chain management (SCM) to determine their influence on improving a business’s performance and profitability. Collaboration refers to the firms working together to accomplish a particular objective, whereas SIS is a vital technology which permits the firms and the enablers of a supply chain to be integrated. In this paper, these aspects and their impacts on SCM are reviewed. A conceptual model with a set of hypotheses for measuring the effects of collaboration and information-sharing on SCs, which demonstrate their effective roles in SCM, is proposed.
Rice plant nutrient deficiency classification using modified MOBILENET convolutional neural network
Authors: Appalanaidu Majji V. , KumaraVelan G.
Published: June 2022

MobileNet Convolutional Neural Network is a predominately used Deep Learning (DL) model in various computer/mobile vision applications. However, it is clear from the literature that the researches using MobileNet Convolution Neural Network (CNN) reported with only minimal level of classification accuracy in the case of plant nutrient deficiency classification. As a result, on the benchmark rice plant dataset, a modified MobileNet CNN architecture is proposed in this study for nutrient deficiency classification. Insertion of additional new layers, a system to handle dropout and selecting appropriate optimizer are among the alterations included in this proposed method to increase the model performance accuracy. Subsequently, the performance of the modified MobileNet CNN model is evaluated using well-defined performance metrics such as accuracy, [Formula: see text]-score, precision, and recall. In addition, the performance of the proposed modified MobileNet CNN model is compared with the state-of-the-art conventional DL models such as VGG16, VGG19, ResNet152, ResNet152V2, ResNet101, ResNet101V2, ResNet50, ResNet50V2, InceptionV3, InceptionResNetV2, MobileNet, and MobileNetV2. Empirical evaluation of the proposed model with the cutting-edge DL models shows that the modified MobileNet CNN model outperforms the aforementioned DL models. Finally, we have developed a web and mobile application for automatically classifying nutrient deficiency in rice plants that the farmers could easily use.
Are Neural Ranking Models Robust?
Authors: Wu Chen , Zhang Ruqing , Guo Jiafeng , Fan Yixing , Cheng Xueqi
Published: June 2022

Recently, we have witnessed the bloom of neural ranking models in the information retrieval (IR) field. So far, much effort has been devoted to developing effective neural ranking models that can generalize well on new data. There has been less attention paid to the robustness perspective. Unlike the effectiveness, which is about the average performance of a system under normal purpose, robustness cares more about the system performance in the worst case or under malicious operations instead. When a new technique enters into the real-world application, it is critical to know not only how it works in average, but also how would it behave in abnormal situations. So, we raise the question in this work: Are neural ranking models robust? To answer this question, first, we need to clarify what we refer to when we talk about the robustness of ranking models in IR. We show that robustness is actually a multi-dimensional concept and there are three ways to define it in IR: (1) the
performance variance
under the independent and identically distributed (I.I.D.) setting; (2) the
out-of-distribution (OOD) generalizability
; and (3) the
defensive ability
against adversarial operations. The latter two definitions can be further specified into two different perspectives, respectively, leading to five robustness tasks in total. Based on this taxonomy, we build corresponding benchmark datasets, design empirical experiments, and systematically analyze the robustness of several representative neural ranking models against traditional probabilistic ranking models and learning-to-rank (LTR) models. The empirical results show that there is no simple answer to our question. While neural ranking models are less robust against other IR models in most cases, some of them can still win two out of five tasks. This is the first comprehensive study on the robustness of neural ranking models. We believe the way we study the robustness as well as our findings would be beneficial to the IR community. We will also release all the data and codes to facilitate the future research in this direction.
Transformation of Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing Through Single-Use Technologies: Current State, Remaining Challenges, and Future Development
Authors: Samaras Jasmin J. , Micheletti Martina , Ding Weibing
Published: June 2022

Single-use technologies have transformed conventional biopharmaceutical manufacturing, and their adoption is increasing rapidly for emerging applications like antibody–drug conjugates and cell and gene therapy products. These disruptive technologies have also had a significant impact during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, helping to advance process development to enable the manufacturing of new monoclonal antibody therapies and vaccines. Single-use systems provide closed plug-and-play solutions and enable process intensification and continuous processing. Several challenges remain, providing opportunities to advance single-use sensors and their integration with single-use systems, to develop novel plastic materials, and to standardize design for interchangeability. Because the industry is changing rapidly, a holistic analysis of the current single-use technologies is required, with a summary of the latest advancements in materials science and the implementation of these technologies in end-to-end bioprocesses.
Remote Sensing the Ocean Biosphere
Authors: Purkis Sam , Chirayath Ved
Published: June 2022

This article reviews the broad range of contemporary remote sensing technologies that can access the ocean, while emphasizing next-generation ones that might revolutionize the field. Significant challenges remain in studying the largest part of Earth's biosphere. As of 2022, less than 10% of the ocean has been imaged at a comparable resolution to the surface of the moon and Mars, despite comprising more than 90% of the habitable volume of our planet. Within the past five years, phenomena as modest as refractive ocean-wave distortion have finally been addressed, but steep technology maturation and challenges persist in remote sensing life in our oceans, hampering our understanding of rapidly changing ecosystems at a crucial inflection point in our history. We survey the field and share emerging technologies and trends, while motivating the case for a future Sustained Marine Imaging Program for the next decade in remote sensing the ocean biosphere.
Colonic mucosal microbiota is associated with bowel habit subtype and abdominal pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Choo Charlene , Mahurkar-Joshi Swapna , Dong Tien S. , Lenhart Adrienne , Lagishetty Venu , Jacobs Jonathan P. , Labus Jennifer S. , Jaffe Nancee , Mayer Emeran A. , Chang Lin
Published: June 2022

Gut mucosal microbiota differs significantly from fecal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and may play a different role in its pathophysiology. Investigation of colonic mucosal microbiota in the largest cohort of patients with IBS and healthy controls accounting for confounding variables, including diet demonstrated significant differences in mucosal microbiota between IBS bowel habit subtypes but not between IBS and healthy controls. In addition, the study reported gut microbiota is associated with abdominal pain in patients with IBS.
Toxicity of oxidized fish oil in pregnancy: a dose-response study in rats
Authors: Satokar Vidit V. , Vickers Mark H. , Reynolds Clare M. , Ponnampalam Anna P. , Firth Elwyn C. , Garg Manohar L. , Bridge-Comer Pania E. , Cutfield Wayne S. , Albert Benjamin B.
Published: June 2022

Fish oil (FO) supplements are consumed during pregnancy to increase dietary omega-3. However, FO is often oxidized past recommended limits. In rats, a large dose of highly oxidized FO substantially increased newborn mortality, but the effects of human-relevant doses of less oxidized oil are unknown. A dose-response study in rats was conducted to estimate the safe level of oxidation during pregnancy. Sprague-Dawley rat dams were mated, then individually housed and provided with a gel treatment on each day of pregnancy. Treatment groups differed only in the FO content of the gel; control (no oil), PV5, PV10, and PV40 [0.05 mL of FO oxidized to a peroxide value (PV) of 5, 10, or 40 meq/kg], or PV40(1 mL) (1 mL of PV40). A subset of dams was culled on gestational day 20 to enable sampling, and the remainder were allowed to give birth. Newborn mortality was recorded. Offspring were sampled on postnatal days 2 and 21, and dams on day 21. There were no signs of unwellness during pregnancy. However, there was markedly increased neonatal mortality affecting the PV40(1 mL) (12.8%) and PV40 (6.3%) groups, but not the control, PV5, or PV10 groups (1%–1.4%). Dietary-oxidized FO altered the expression of placental genes involved in antioxidant pathways and the production of free radicals. Highly oxidized FO was toxic in rat pregnancy leading to a marked increase in mortality even at a human-relevant dose. We observed no toxic effects of FOs with PV ≤10 meq/kg, suggesting that this is an appropriate maximum limit.
Med-SRNet: GAN-Based Medical Image Super-Resolution via High-Resolution Representation Learning
Authors: Zhang Lina , Dai Haidong , Sang Yu
Published: June 2022

High-resolution (HR) medical imaging data provide more anatomical details of human body, which facilitates early-stage disease diagnosis. But it is challenging to get clear HR medical images because of the limiting factors, such as imaging systems, imaging environments, and human factors. This work presents a novel medical image super-resolution (SR) method via high-resolution representation learning based on generative adversarial network (GAN), namely, Med-SRNet. We use GAN as backbone of SR considering the advantages of GAN that can significantly reconstruct the visual quality of the images, and the high-frequency details of the images are more realistic in the image SR task. Furthermore, we employ the HR network (HRNet) in GAN generator to maintain the HR representations and repeatedly use multi-scale fusions to strengthen HR representations for facilitating SR. Moreover, we adopt deconvolution operations to recover high-quality HR representations from all the parallel lower resolution (LR) streams with the aim to yield richer aggregated features, instead of simple bilinear interpolation operations used in HRNetV2. When evaluated on a home-made medical image dataset and two public COVID-19 CT datasets, the proposed Med-SRNet outperforms other leading edge methods, which obtains higher peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) values and structural similarity (SSIM) values, i.e., maximum improvement of 1.75 and minimum increase of 0.433 on the PSNR metric for “Brain” test sets under

8
×

and maximum improvement of 0.048 and minimum increase of 0.016 on the SSIM metric for “Lung” test sets under

8
×

compared with other methods.
Effect of Operation Room Nursing Intervention and Ceramic Prosthesis on Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Xu Ting , Zhang Jie
Published: June 2022

In order to solve the problems of large trauma, many postoperative complications, and complex operation of artificial hip arthroplasty, a method to analyze the application effect of operating room nursing intervention in artificial hip arthroplasty was proposed. Firstly, 120 patients who underwent hip arthroplasty in our hospital from January to December 2017 were selected; Secondly, they were randomly divided into routine group (60 cases) and intervention group (60 cases); finally, on this basis, the intervention group strengthened the nursing in the operating room and used nanoceramic prosthesis. The Harris score of hip joint, the incidence of postoperative complications, and the satisfaction with nursing services were compared between the two groups. The results showed that the Harris score of hip joint and the satisfaction score of nursing service in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the routine group (

P
<
0.05

); the incidence of postoperative complications in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the routine group (

P
<
0.05

). It is proved that actively carrying out nursing intervention in the operating room and using nanoceramic prosthesis can not only improve the clinical efficacy and nursing service satisfaction of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty but also reduce the incidence of complications.
An Improved Transformer-Based Neural Machine Translation Strategy: Interacting-Head Attention
Authors: Li Dongxing , Luo Zuying
Published: June 2022

Transformer-based models have gained significant advances in neural machine translation (NMT). The main component of the transformer is the multihead attention layer. In theory, more heads enhance the expressive power of the NMT model. But this is not always the case in practice. On the one hand, the computations of each head attention are conducted in the same subspace, without considering the different subspaces of all the tokens. On the other hand, the low-rank bottleneck may occur, when the number of heads surpasses a threshold. To address the low-rank bottleneck, the two mainstream methods make the head size equal to the sequence length and complicate the distribution of self-attention heads. However, these methods are challenged by the variable sequence length in the corpus and the sheer number of parameters to be learned. Therefore, this paper proposes the interacting-head attention mechanism, which induces deeper and wider interactions across the attention heads by low-dimension computations in different subspaces of all the tokens, and chooses the appropriate number of heads to avoid low-rank bottleneck. The proposed model was tested on machine translation tasks of IWSLT2016 DE-EN, WMT17 EN-DE, and WMT17 EN-CS. Compared to the original multihead attention, our model improved the performance by 2.78 BLEU/0.85 WER/2.90 METEOR/2.65 ROUGE_L/0.29 CIDEr/2.97 YiSi and 2.43 BLEU/1.38 WER/3.05 METEOR/2.70 ROUGE_L/0.30 CIDEr/3.59 YiSi on the evaluation set and the test set, respectively, for IWSLT2016 DE-EN, 2.31 BLEU/5.94 WER/1.46 METEOR/1.35 ROUGE_L/0.07 CIDEr/0.33 YiSi and 1.62 BLEU/6.04 WER/1.39 METEOR/0.11 CIDEr/0.87 YiSi on the evaluation set and newstest2014, respectively, for WMT17 EN-DE, and 3.87 BLEU/3.05 WER/9.22 METEOR/3.81 ROUGE_L/0.36 CIDEr/4.14 YiSi and 4.62 BLEU/2.41 WER/9.82 METEOR/4.82 ROUGE_L/0.44 CIDEr/5.25 YiSi on the evaluation set and newstest2014, respectively, for WMT17 EN-CS.
Automation of Cephalometrics Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Alshamrani Khalaf , Alshamrani Hassan , Alqahtani F. F. , Alshehri Ali H.
Published: June 2022

Cephalometry is a medical test that can detect teeth, skeleton, or appearance problems. In this scenario, the patient’s lateral radiograph of the face was utilised to construct a tracing from the tracing of lines on the lateral radiograph of the face of the soft and hard structures (skin and bone, respectively). Certain cephalometric locations and characteristic lines and angles are indicated after the tracing is completed to do the real examination. In this unique study, it is proposed that machine learning models be employed to create cephalometry. These models can recognise cephalometric locations in X-ray images, allowing the study’s computing procedure to be completed faster. To correlate a probability map with an input image, they combine an Autoencoder architecture with convolutional neural networks and Inception layers. These innovative architectures were demonstrated. When many models were compared, it was observed that they all performed admirably in this task.
Risk Factors and Timing of Additional Surgery after Noncurative ESD for Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: Duan Kaipeng , Li Dongbao , Shi Dongtao , Pei Jie , Ren Jiayu , Li Weikang , Dong Anqi , Chen Tao , Zhou Jin
Published: June 2022

Background. Patients with early gastric cancer undergoing noncurative endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) have a risk of tumor recurrence and metastasis, and some patients need additional surgery. The purpose of this study was to explore the risk factors of cancer residue and lymph node (LN) metastasis after noncurative ESD for early gastric cancer and to compare the short outcome of early and delayed additional surgery. Methods. The clinicopathological characteristics of 30 early gastric cancer patients who received noncurative ESD and additional surgery were studied retrospectively. Multivariable regression was utilized to examine the independent risk factors for residual cancer and LN metastasis. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the multivariable model’s predictive performance. Furthermore, the perioperative safety and radical tumor performance of early surgery (≤30 days, n = 11), delayed surgery (>30 days, n = 11) after ESD, and upfront surgery (n = 59) were compared. Results. Multivariable regression showed that diffuse type of Lauren classification, submucosal invasion, and positive human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) were risk factors for residual cancer. Undifferentiated carcinoma, vascular invasion, and positive vertical margin were risk factors for LN metastasis. The area under the curve (AUC) of the multifactor model predicting cancer residue and LN metastasis was 0.761 and 0.792, respectively. The early surgery group experienced higher intraoperative blood loss and a longer operation time than the delayed surgery and upfront surgery groups. There was no significant difference in the number of LN dissections, LN metastasis rate, and postoperative complications among the three groups. Conclusion. Diffuse type of Lauren classification, submucosal invasion, and positive HER-2 are risk factors for residual cancer, while undifferentiated carcinoma, vascular invasion, and positive vertical margin are risk factors for LN metastasis. Delayed additional surgery after ESD (>30 days) has higher intraoperative safety, without affecting the radical resection in early gastric cancer patients.
Analysis on the Policy Environment Influencing Factors of Chinese Environmental Education Development and the Reform Trend in Combination with Environmental Education History
Authors: Yu Tao , Gu Manyi
Published: June 2022

At the turn of the century, facing the challenge of information and technology, environmental education, and talent competition, the world's major environmentally, educationally developed countries have entered the wave of environmental education reform. This was promulgated in 1999, and our country also successively promulgated through “the central committee of the communist party of China under the State Council on deepening environmenta education reform and comprehensively promote quality environmental education decision” in 2001 the “basic teaching environmental education course reform outline (try out),” launched to “deepen the environmental education reform and comprehensively promote quality environmental education” for the purpose of the foundation environmental education course and teaching reform. The curriculum reform is characterized by government leadership, expert guidance, and teacher participation. Its specific approach is top‐down, overall promotion, concept guidance, experimental exploration, and gradual expansion, which has achieved a lot of theoretical and practical achievements. However, the practice of more than ten years has proved that the goal of the curriculum reform of basic environmental education has not been safely realized, the classroom has not undergone fundamental changes, and the advanced curriculum concept and curriculum system have not been transformed into advanced classroom teaching practice. This paper mainly discusses the influencing factors of the policy environment of environmental education development in China and analyzes the trend of reform in combination with the history of environmental education. On the one hand, the research of this paper can enrich the research theory of pedagogy; on the other hand, it can provide reference for the practical environmental education reform and have rich significance in theory and practice.
IIPA-Net: Joint Illumination-Invariant and Pose-Aligned Feature Learning for Person Reidentification
Authors: Yang Senquan , Ding Fan , Wen Haoxiang , Li Pu , Hu Songxi
Published: June 2022

Person reidentification (re-id) has gained significant progress and aroused great interest in computer vision. However, due to the effect of weak illumination and poor alignment, person re-id is still a challenging task. Many previous works focus on either illumination enhancement methods or pose estimation. However, those methods are difficult to apply in real-world scenarios, which usually contain various interference factors. To improve the performance of re-id, we propose an Illumination-Invariant and Pose-Aligned Network (IIPA-Net). The illumination change is handled by a retinex decompose network, and the pose variation problem is solved by a local feature matching method. Based on the multimodal nature of a person, we propose a part attention module to optimize the global feature. Finally, a data-driven training strategy is proposed to train the proposed architecture effectively. Experiments show that the proposed framework outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches on both normal- and low-light datasets.
Bone Regeneration in Vertical Osseous Defect in Periodontitis Patients using Bovine Colostrum
Authors: Ravishankar P. L. , Guruprasath Preethikaa , Vangipuram Padmaja , Vaidya Jasmine , Visithiriyan G. , Raj A. Thirumal , Bhandi Shilpa , Patil Shankargouda , Ghosh Snehashish
Published: June 2022

Background. The treatment plan for periodontitis may include both nonsurgical and surgical phases. During surgical procedures, bone grafts and barrier membranes were used after degranulation in order to achieve healing. Colostrum is one of the materials that is composed of bioactive components which has either osteoinductive or regenerative potential. Aim. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of bovine colostrum as bone regeneration material in periodontitis. Case Description. Clinical periodontal parameters, including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque index (PI), were evaluated. Patients who were diagnosed with localised periodontitis were selected. Three patients presenting vertical defect at buccal sites were treated with bovine colostrum. Following nonsurgical treatment, flap surgery was performed using bovine colostrum. After 6 months, favourable clinical and radiographical improvements were obtained. Conclusion. All cases showed reduction in PD; these findings suggest that the bovine colostrum could favour periodontal regeneration. The clinical significance is that bovine colostrum is cost effective and easily available and enhances bone regeneration. It can therefore be used as an alternative to bone grafts during periodontal surgery.
Investigation of the Mechanism of hsa_circ_000 1429 Adsorbed miR‐205 to Regulate KDM4A and Promote Breast Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Xu Yuting , Qian Cheng , Liu Chunxiao , Fu Yingqiang , Zhu Kaiyuan , Niu Zhenbo , Liu Jiaxin
Published: June 2022

This study investigates the mechanism of hsa_circ_0001429 adsorbing miR‐205 and regulating the expression of KDM4A to promote breast cancer metastasis and its mechanism. Mammary epithelial cells MCF‐10A and human breast cancer cell lines BT474, SKBr‐3, ZR‐75‐30, and MCF7 are cultured, and the mRNA expressions of hsa_circ_000 1429, miR‐205, and KDM4A are detected by qRT‐PCR; hsa_circ_000 1429 binds to miR‐205, and miR‐205 targets KDM4A. RIP verifies that hsa_circ_000 1429 binds to AGO2; RNA pull down results prove that hsa_circ_000 1429 binds to miR‐205; MTT detects cell proliferation; transwell assay detects cell migration and invasion ability; flow cytometry detects cell apoptosis rate. The expressions of KDM4A, migration, and invasion‐related factors, N‐cadherin and MMP‐9 protein, are detected by blot. hsa_circ_000 1429 may upregulate the KDM4A gene by adsorbing miR‐205. Therefore, it will promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells and inhibit their apoptosis.
The Impact of Random Noise on the Dynamics of COVID-19 Epidemic Model
Authors: El Koufi Amine , El Koufi Nouhaila , Bennar Abdelkrim , Rao Namana Seshagiri
Published: June 2022

At the end of 2019, the world knew the propagation of a new pandemic named COVID-19. This disease harmed the exercises of humankind and changed our way of life. For modeling and studying infectious illness transmission, mathematical models are helpful tools. Thus, in this paper, taking into account the effect of the intensity of the noises, we define a threshold value

Π

s

of the model, which determines the extinction and persistence of the COVID-19 pandemic. We give numerical simulations to illustrate the analytical results.
Coupling Analysis of Water Injection Softening-Precursor Information Prediction of Coal-Rock Mass Based on Energy Conduction
Authors: Xu Haidong , Lai Xingping , Cao Jiantao , Xu Huicong , Zhang Shuai
Published: June 2022

To further refine the rationality of pressure relief measures, the pressure relief measures are transformed from engineering scale to laboratory scale. In this paper, the static load is applied by uniaxial compression, and the difference in the energy evolution process of loaded coal samples is compared using pressure relief at an indoor scale. The test results show that the pressure relief state of water injection can meet the conditions well and reduce the impact tendency of the whole coal samples. In addition, try to analyze the reasons why it is difficult to accurately predict the formation of rockburst in coal roadway by analytical means. Due to the special structure of coal, it can be found that both natural and saturated conditions can meet the conditions in the state of water injection and pressure relief, while in the dry state, the conditions cannot be met; that is, the precursor signals of disaster cannot be accurately picked up, and finally, the failure of coal samples cannot be accurately predicted. However, on the laboratory scale, the natural coal samples are in the state of adsorption in the air after sampling, and the coal bodies near the deep underground working face tend to have low water content due to the development of pores and fissures and the influence of self-weight of mining disturbance. The research in this paper provides theoretical support for the subsequent determination of pressure relief parameters, and the related research conclusions are of great significance.
Interleukin-10-Modified Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Hypertrophic Scar Formation via Regulating the Biological Characteristics of Fibroblasts and Inflammation
Authors: Xie Fang , Teng Li , Lu Jianjian , Xu Jiajie , Zhang Chao , Yang Liya , Ma Xiaoyang , Zhao Minghao
Published: June 2022

Hypertrophic scar causes serious functional and cosmetic problem, but no treatment method is known to achieve a satisfactory therapeutic effect. However, mesenchymal stem cells show a possible cure prospect. Here, we investigated the effect of interleukin-10-modified adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (IL-10-ADMSC) on the formation of hypertrophic scar. In vitro, IL-10-ADMSC could highly express IL-10 and exhibited stronger inhibition of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix synthesis (the expression of collagen I, collagen III, FN, and α-SMA protein) than ADMSC. In vivo, we found that IL-10-ADMSC speeded up wound healing time and reduced scar area and scar outstanding height. Same as in vitro, IL-10-ADMSC also exhibited stronger inhibition of extracellular matrix synthesis (the expression of collagen I, collagen III protein) in wound than ADMSC. In addition, we also found that IL-10-ADMSC is also a stronger inhibitory effect on inflammation in wound than ADMSC, and IL-10-ADMSC inhibited TGF-β/Smads and NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, IL-10-ADMSC demonstrated the ability to prevent hypertrophic scar formation. And its possible molecular mechanism might be related to IL-10-ADMSC inhibiting the proliferation and migration of the synthesis of extracellular matrix of HSFs, and IL-10-ADMSC inhibited the inflammation during the wound healing.
UAV-Aided Multiuser Mobile Edge Computing Networks with Energy Harvesting
Authors: Wang Changyu , Yu Weili , Zhu Fusheng , Ou Jiangtao , Fan Chengyuan , Ou Jianghong , Fan Dahua
Published: June 2022

This article studies a mobile edge computing (MEC) with one edge node (EN), where multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) act as users which have some heavy tasks. As the users generally have limitations in both calculating and power supply, the EN can help calculate the tasks and meanwhile supply the power to the users through energy harvesting. We optimize the system by proposing a joint strategy to unpacking and energy harvesting. Specifically, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm is implemented to provide a solution to the unpacking, while several analytical solutions are given to the power allocation of energy harvesting among multiple users. In particular, criterion I is the equivalent power allocation, criterion II is designed through equal data rate, while criterion III is based on the equivalent transmission delay. We finally give some results to verify the joint strategy for the UAV-aided multiuser MEC system with energy harvesting.
Event-Triggered Asynchronous Filter of Positive Switched Systems with State Saturation
Authors: Li Linmin , Lin Peng , Zhang Junfeng
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates the event-triggered asynchronous filter of positive switched systems with state saturation using linear programming and multiple Lyapunov functions. First, a filter is constructed for continuous-time positive switched systems. Under the asynchronous switching law, an error system is proposed with respect to positive switched systems and their filters, where the state saturation term is described in a polytopic form by virtue of the saturation property. A novel event-triggering condition is addressed based on a 1-norm inequality. Under the event-triggering condition, the error system is transformed into an interval system with lower and upper bounds. By using multiple Lyapunov functions and linear programming, the positivity and stability of the error system are achieved by considering the corresponding properties of the lower and upper bounds, respectively. Then, the event-triggered l1-gain filter and nonfragile filter are also proposed for the systems with disturbances. Moreover, the presented filter framework is extended to the discrete-time case. Finally, two examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed filters.
COL8A1 Predicts the Clinical Prognosis of Gastric Cancer and Is Related to Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: She Yali , Zhao Xiaowen , Wu Pingfan , Xue Ling , Wan Shengfang , Zhang Lei , Li Changtian , Cai Hui , Li Yaling
Published: June 2022

Background. Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignant tumor and the third leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. Because GC has the characteristics of high heterogeneity, unclear mechanism, limited treatment methods, and low five‐year survival rate, it is necessary to find the prognostic biomarkers of GC and explore the mechanism of GC. Methods. We first identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between gastric cancer and normal gastric cells through expression analysis. A protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to find tightly connected modules. We performed survival analysis on the DEGs in the modules to identify genes with prognostic significance. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify gene enrichment pathways. Finally, we used our own collected clinical samples of 119 gastric adenocarcinoma (STAD) tissues and 40 normal gastric tissues to perform immunohistochemical (IHC) staining to verify the differential expression of COL8A1 in STAD tissues and normal gastric tissues and its correlation with epithelial‐mesenchymal transition‐ (EMT‐) related factors. Results. We identified 356 DEGs through differential expression analysis. Through PPI analysis and survival analysis, we determined that the collagen type VII alpha‐1 chain (COL8A1) gene has prognostic significance. GSEA analysis showed that COL8A1 was significantly enriched in the EMT. IHC results showed that COL8A1 was upregulated in STAD tissues and could be used as an independent prognostic factor and was related to EMT. Conclusion. This study shows that COL8A1 is related to the prognosis of GC patients and might affect the progress of GC through the EMT pathway. Therefore, COL8A1 may be a biomarker for predicting the prognosis of GC.