bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of patient outcomes following enterotomy versus intestinal resection and anastomosis for treatment of intestinal foreign bodies in dogs
Authors: Lopez Daniel J. , Holm Sarah A. , Korten Barbara , Baum Jared I. , Flanders James A. , Sumner Julia P.
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

To quantify the relative risk of intestinal dehiscence in dogs undergoing intestinal resection and anastomosis (IRA), compared with enterotomy, for surgical management of small intestinal foreign bodies, and to evaluate the association between nasogastric tube placement for early enteral nutrition (EEN) and hospitalization time.

ANIMALS

211 dogs undergoing 227 surgeries for intestinal foreign body removal.

PROCEDURES

Medical records were reviewed for dogs undergoing a single-site sutured enterotomy or IRA for foreign body intestinal obstruction between May 2008 and April 2018. Multivariable logistic regression was used to quantify the association between surgical procedure and dehiscence. Multiple linear regression was used to quantify the association of nasogastric tube placement with total hospitalization time.

RESULTS

Dehiscence rates were 3.8% (7/183) and 18.2% (8/44) for enterotomy and IRA, respectively. Overall dehiscence rate for all surgeries was 6.6% (15/227). The odds of intestinal dehiscence for IRA were 6.09 times (95% CI, 1.89 to 19.58) the odds for enterotomy. An American Society of Anesthesiologists score > 3 (OR, 4.49; 95% CI, 1.43 to 14.11) and an older age (OR, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.02] for each 1-month increase in age) were significantly associated with greater odds of intestinal dehiscence, regardless of surgical procedure. Placement of a nasogastric tube was not associated with intestinal dehiscence or decreased total hospitalization time when controlling for the year of surgery.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Patients undergoing IRA were at a significantly higher risk of intestinal dehiscence, compared with patients undergoing enterotomy. Although this finding should not be used to recommend enterotomy over IRA, this information may be useful in guiding owner expectations and postoperative monitoring.
Medical management of an osseous sequestrum in an alpaca cria
Authors: Oman Rachel E. , Adkins Pamela R. F. , Reed Shannon K.
Published: June 2021

CASE DESCRIPTION

A 2-month-old 12.0-kg (26.4-lb) sexually intact male alpaca was evaluated for a 1-week history of progressive forelimb lameness with no known history of trauma.

CLINICAL FINDINGS

The cria had toe-touching lameness in the right forelimb with a firm swelling at the distal dorsomedial metacarpal region. Signs of pain were elicited on palpation of the swollen region. There was no associated wound or draining tract. Radiographic examination revealed soft tissue swelling and osteomyelitis of the distal portion of the third metacarpal bone with a possible medial cortical sequestrum.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME

The cria was hospitalized and treated with meloxicam (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb], PO, q 72 h) and ceftiofur sodium administered SC (2.2 mg/kg [1 mg/lb], q 12 h for 8 days) and by means of regional limb perfusion (1.25 mg/kg [0.57 mg/lb], IV, q 48 h for 8 days). Lameness and swelling improved, and the cria was discharged from the hospital with meloxicam (1 mg/kg, PO, q 72 h for 2 weeks) and ceftiofur crystalline free acid (1.5 mg/kg [0.68 mg/kg], SC, q 5 d for 2 weeks). At a recheck examination 17 days later, there was radiographic evidence of a well-defined 3.4 × 0.3-cm osseous sequestrum in the distal aspect of the affected third metacarpal bone. The owner declined further treatment and elected to monitor the cria at home. One year later, radiographic examination revealed nearly complete resolution of the sequestrum.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results for this patient suggested that osseous sequestra in some camelids may resolve following medical treatment without surgical intervention.
Bandwidth Selection for Kernel Generalized Regression Neural Networks in Identification of Hammerstein Systems
Authors: Lv Jiaqing , Pawlak Mirosław
Published: June 2021

This paper addresses the issue of data-driven smoothing parameter (bandwidth) selection in the context of nonparametric system identification of dynamic systems. In particular, we examine the identification problem of the block-oriented Hammerstein cascade system. A class of kernel-type Generalized Regression Neural Networks (GRNN) is employed as the identification algorithm. The statistical accuracy of the kernel GRNN estimate is critically influenced by the choice of the bandwidth. Given the need of data-driven bandwidth specification we propose several automatic selection methods that are compared by means of simulation studies. Our experiments reveal that the method referred to as the partitioned cross-validation algorithm can be recommended as the practical procedure for the bandwidth choice for the kernel GRNN estimate in terms of its statistical accuracy and implementation aspects.
Artificial Intelligence in Education and Schools
Authors: Gocen Ahmet , Aydemir Fatih
Published: June 2021

With the increase in studies about artificial intelligence (AI) in the educational field, many scholars in the field believe that the role of teachers, school and leaders in education will change. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to examine what possible scenarios are there with the arrival of AI in education and what kind of implications it can reveal for future of schools. The research was designed as a phenomenological study, a qualitative research method, in which the opinions of participants from different sectors were examined. The results show that schools and teachers will have new products, benefits and also face drawbacks with the arrival of AI in education. The findings point out some suggestions for use of AI and prevention of possible problems. While participants generally seem to have positive perceptions towards AI, there are also certain drawbacks, especially highlighted by teachers and academicians, regarding the future of teaching. Lawyers and jurists tend to focus more on legal grounds for AI in education and future problems, while engineers see AI as a tool to bring quality and benefit for all in the education sector.
Student Adaptation to College Survey: The Role of Self-Compassion in College Adjustment
Authors: Scott Hannah , Donovan Elizabeth
Published: June 2021

The transition from high school to college can be a difficult adjustment for many students. Self-compassion, however, has been found to be associated with a range of positive psychosocial outcomes, and may also be associated with college adjustment. The goal of the present study was to examine the relationship between self-compassion and overall college adjustment. Fifty-seven female college students (M = 19.20 years, SD = 1.05) recruited from psychology classes participated in the study. Students completed the Self-Compassion Scale and Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire and responded to open-ended questions about their adjustment to college. Pearson’s correlations revealed significant linear associations between total self-compassion and overall college adjustment, r(57) = .28, p = .04, and between various subscales of self-compassion and college adjustment. Multiple regression analysis found that first-generation and commuter student status significantly predicted mindfulness, measured as a component of self-compassion, F(3, 52) = 3.47, p = .02, R2 = .17. Finally, hierarchical regression analysis indicated that, after controlling for student group status, higher levels of self-compassion were significantly associated with higher college adjustment scores, F(4,51) = 3.18, p = .02, R2 = .20. Analysis of the open-ended questions revealed 3 overarching themes regarding students’ beliefs about college adjustment: (a) the importance of friends, (b) the importance of parental support, and (c) the importance of self-kindness. Overall, this study contributed to the understanding of college adjustment by looking at the role of self-compassion. Preliminary considerations for interventions and resources aimed at promoting self-compassion and improving college adjustment are discussed.
Investigating the Relationship Between Disability Status and Grit
Authors: Glover Haley , Robertson Stephanie , Geye Trina
Published: June 2021

An established definition of the concept grit is a combination of resilience and stamina for long-term challenges. Although literature on grit has been vast in terms of linking this concept to success for nondisabled individuals, limited research exists for individuals with disabilities. The present study investigated the relationship between grit and disability status within the college population. We surveyed individuals with and without a registered disability at a university, using the Grit Scale to measure responses and later subdividing it into Consistency of Interest and Perseverance of Effort scales. We found a significant main effect, defining significant differences with p values < .05, between disability status with total Grit score. Another significant interaction was found when evaluating the relationship of disability and underrepresentation (e.g., Black Indigenous People of Color) on Grit and Consistency of Interest subscores. No significant differences were found within the Perseverance subcategory of Grit. These results indicate that individuals within the underrepresented category, or people of color, as well as students registered with a disability scored significantly lower than their White and nondisabled counterparts. Further investigation is needed for confirmation of results. Suggested future investigations include the relationships of grit with varying disability categories as well as with individuals making up the underrepresented ethnic group.
The Gender Achievement Gap: Do Teacher–Student Relationships Matter?
Authors: Goldie Peter D. , O'Connor Erin E.
Published: June 2021

Low academic performance in middle childhood/early adolescence has long-term negative implications. The link between early performance and later outcomes is of special concern for boys, who tend to evidence lower levels of achievement than girls by early adolescence. Scholars have demonstrated that variations by gender in quality of teacher–student relationships may partly explain this achievement gap. That is, girls tend to have higher quality teacher–student relationships (i.e., higher levels of closeness and lower levels of conflict) than boys. Centering low-income early adolescents of color, the present analyses found that girls outperformed boys in both English Language Arts (ELA; p < .001) and math (p = .009). Teacher–student closeness fully and significantly mediated the association between gender and ELA (p = .05) and partially mediated the association between gender and math achievement (effects were nonsignificant). Teacher–student conflict partially mediated associations between gender and ELA and math achievement, although effects similarly did not reach significance. Results have the capacity to inform future interventions aiming to increase the utility of education and decrease school dropout among low-income boys of color.
Factors Associated With Owning a Fake ID: Personality Traits and Problematic Alcohol Use
Authors: Deegan Kelly , Kotchick Beth A.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the present study was to examine the correlation between certain personality traits, one’s alcohol use, and owning a fake ID. Many college students use fake IDs to obtain alcohol while underage, which is then related to higher rates of problematic alcohol use. Problematic alcohol use has a number of negative health consequences; as such, efforts to prevent problematic alcohol use among college students need to be identified. The study was conducted with a college student population using an online survey to assess the personality traits of extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness to experience as predictors of fake ID ownership. The relation between fake ID ownership and problematic alcohol use was also assessed. Those who owned a fake ID scored higher in extraversion, t(151) = 2.10, p = .037, d = 0.34, and roblematic alcohol use, t(120) = 2.61, p = .02, d = 0.42, and lower in neuroticism, t(151) = −1.94, p = .054. d = −0.36, and openness to experience, t(151) = −2.48, p = .01, d = −0.40, than those who did not own a fake ID. The results of this study can aid in identifying who among the college student population should be targeted with alternate socializing events to prevent fake ID ownership and problematic alcohol use.
Social Media Use: Relation to Life Satisfaction, Narcissism, and Interpersonal Exploitativeness
Authors: Hernandez Abigail , Chalk Holly M.
Published: June 2021

The present study sought to clarify contradictory literature about the relationship between social media use and life satisfaction by using data from the Emerging Adulthood Measured Across Multiple Institutions 2 (EAMMI2) collaboration. This study examined emerging adults’ frequency of social media use for various reasons, and the relation to life satisfaction, narcissism, and interpersonal exploitativeness. As expected, life satisfaction was associated with social media use for maintaining connections but not for gaining information or creating new connections. Narcissism and exploitativeness were associated with greater social media use across all reasons. Life satisfaction correlated negatively with exploitativeness. Post hoc analyses revealed that life satisfaction was highest in participants whose primary reason for social media use was maintaining connections. This study added to existing literature by suggesting that reasons for social media, specifically using social media to maintain existing relationships, are relevant to predicting life satisfaction in relation to social media use.
Police Perceptions of Children at Drug-Related Crime Scenes
Authors: Lesher Tammy "Tj" , Loria Melissa J. , Poulakis Mixalis
Published: June 2021

Drug use is on the rise in the United States, and many individuals who use drugs are also parents of children under 18. Although research has been conducted to explore police officer perceptions of drug use, no research to date has examined officers’ perceptions when children are present at drug-related calls. This is an important area to investigate because police perceptions have the ability to influence the way they behave. In the current study, 12 officers employed in Indiana completed a demographic questionnaire and a semistructured interview, which was analyzed using the consensual qualitative research (CQR) method. Results revealed that police perceptions of children present at drug-related crime scenes could be impacted by the age of the children and whether they believe the children had received negative messages about police. Additionally, findings revealed that officers tend to feel anger toward caregivers, believe that the children are being told that police are bad, indicated that their jobs are impacted by needing to find placement for the children, and want to have positive interactions with the children. On a personal level, officers reported coping with stress by not showing emotions, not bringing work home, and participating in hobbies. Officers also reported seeing addiction as a cycle. Limitations include lack of diversity of gender, race, and location of police officers; further, all but one officer interviewed had children. Findings highlight a need for further research to help shape policy surrounding training of and expectations for officers when children are present at drug-related crime scenes.
Active Shooter Protocols: Perceptions, Preparedness, and Anxiety
Authors: Worthington Veronica , Hayes Matthew , Reeves Melissa
Published: June 2021

The national concern about active shootings has pushed schools to implement intense drills without considering unintended consequences. Studies have found that, although training had the potential to increase preparedness, it also increased anxiety. These findings apply to short-term effects, but there is a lack of empirical research on long-term effects of active shooter drills. The present study investigated whether active shooter training completed in high school impacts current levels of anxiety and preparedness of undergraduates. Collegiate participants (N = 364) completed an online survey and answered questions about their perceived knowledge of protocols, protocol actions, and training methods from high school followed by the same set of questions, this time referring to their current university. Participants then completed an anxiety measure (Spielberger, 1983) and a preparedness measure. Two hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to predict anxiety and preparedness. This study expanded findings on the effects of active shooter training by demonstrating long-term effects for high school training. Evacuation protocols (β = −.13, p = .03; β = .16, p = .007) and perceived knowledge (β = −.16, p = .004; β = .14, p = .01) positively impacted anxiety and preparedness, respectively, of university students. Experiences at the university level had an additional, larger impact on student anxiety, ΔR2 = .11, F(8, 347) = 5.88, p < .001, and preparedness, ΔR2> = .26, F(8, 347) = 17.32, p < .001, which seems to overshadow the effects from high school. This may be problematic because the perceived knowledge that leads to higher feelings of preparedness may not translate into appropriate actions in a real-life situation, potentially risking lives.
Microbiota and cancer (review of literature)
Authors: Vecherkovskaya M. F. , Tetz G. V. , Tetz V. V.
Published: June 2021

Article presents current data on the contribution of the human microbiota to the development of oncological conditions, microbial impact on cell transformation, influence on chemotherapy outcome. Brief description of the methods used for studying microbiota in carcinogenesis as well as prospects of creating non-invasive diagnostic tools is given.
Risk factors analysis and defibrotide efficacy in the treatment of children and adults with sinusoidal obstructive syndrome/veno-occlusive liver disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Kanunnikov M. M. , Rakhmanova J. Z. , Barabanshikova M. V. , Levkovsky N. V. , Wafina A. I. , Paina O. V. , Bykova T. A. , Semenova Е. V. , Goloshapov О. V. , Morozova E. V. , Mоiseev I. S. , Zubarovskaya L. S.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS)/veno-occlusive liver disease (VOD) is one of the most dangerous complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT).

The objective of our study was to analyze risk factors associated with SOS/VOD in children and adults after alloHSCT.

Methods and materials. The study included 76 patients who were diagnosed with the development of SOS/VOD after alloHSCT performed in Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation between 2001 and 2019. 25 patients (32.9 %) were younger than 18 years, 51 patients (68.1 %) — 18 years and older. Among them, 17 patients were treated with defibrotide at a dose of 25 mg/kg per day, median therapy duration — 21 day.

Results. One-year overall survival (OS) was significantly higher when partial and complete response to the therapy was achieved — 45 %, than when there was no response — 0 % in the general group (p = 0.001). According to the results of multivariate analysis of unrelated alloHSCT HR 2.040 (95 %CI 1.112-3.744, р = 0.021), acute GVHD HR 0.496 (95 % CI 0.272-0.903, р = 0.022), moderate/severe SOS/VOD HR 2.423 (95 % CI 1.298-4.524, p = 0.005) statistically significantly influenced the 1-year OS. Defibrotide and accompanying therapy did not significantly influence the 1-year OS in children and adults (n=76) - 53 % and 54 % (p=0.86), respectively. In a multivariate analysis. unrelated alloHSCT HR 8.172 (95 %CI 2.176-30.696, р=0.002) and moderate and severe SOS/VOD HR 9.077 (95 % CI 2.425-33.978, р=0.001) significantly influenced the 1-year OS in the pediatric group.

Conclusion. The understanding of risk factors of adverse prognosis in patients SOS/VOD facilitates selection of patients who will benefit the most from therapy with defibrotide. Early administration of defibrotide in the course of VOD/SOS is crucial to achieve response.
The arduino based prototype of handsanitizer tool and automatic mask feeder
Authors: Syahrial Syahrial , S Muhammad Fajrin , Syani Yusuf
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this research is to design and construct  a prototype of an Arduino-based automatic handsanitizer and mask feeder. The research method was carried out by laboratory experiments. The experimental stages consisted of designing hardware (hadware), software (software) and testing the whole tool. The test results showed that  ultrasonic sensor and dispencer can detect at a distance of 5 cm. The Arduino dc motor test that  given high and low logic for the direction of each clockwise and counter clockwise motor resulted in an output voltage of 5.09V. Overall the tool testing went well. Regarding to the results, it can be concluded that the tools can be on of the options to reduce the spread of COVID-19 in the Jakarta State University academic community, especially the laboratories within the Jakarta State University.
The comparison of crude fat analysis between separated soxhlet method and one extractor soxhlet method for several feed ingredients
Authors: Sofyan Sofyan , Maesaroh Eneh , Windyaningrum Ratih , Mahardhika Brahmadhita Pratama
Published: June 2021

Determination of crude fat content (ether extract) using a separate Soxhlet method requires an extraction time of 4 to 6 hours to achieve 5-6 circulation for 1 sample of material. Given the fact that the analysis and extraction time are not time efficient, therefore an alternative method is needed with good accuracy and faster testing time. One alternative is the single-extractor Soxhlet method.  The aims of  this study were to evaluate the comparison of crude fat extraction results in the separated Soxhlet method and the Soxhlet method in one extractor for several feed ingredients. For the fat testing, this study used two methods, namely the separate method and the Soxhlet method of testing single extractor. The experiments were done by a completely randomized design with 2 treatments and 3 replications. The data was analyzed using the Student T-test. The results showed that the separate Soxhlet method and the single extractor Soxhlet method had no significant difference to the crude fat content of the concentrate feed ingredients with T> 0.05. The use of single extractor Soxhlet showed significant result with T< 0.01 which lower ​​than the separate Soxhlet method in forage samples on the crude fat concentration. Given the outcomes, the use of single extractor Soxhlet is more efficient than the separate Soxhlet method in terms of analysis time of a large number of samples.
Formal Logic of Cellular Automata
Authors:   Department of Information Technology Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Das Sukanta , Chakraborty Mihir K. ,   School of Cognitive Science Jadavpur University
Published: June 2021

This paper develops a formal logic, named L CA , targeting modeling of one-dimensional binary cellular automata. We first develop the syntax of L CA , then give semantics to L CA in the domain of all binary strings. Then the elementary cellular automata and four-neighborhood binary cellular automata are shown as models of the logic. These instances point out that there are other models of L CA . Finally it is proved that any one-dimensional binary cellular automaton is a model of the proposed logic.
PRACA ZDALNA JAKO ELEMENT KONCEPCJI INTELIGNETEGO MIASTA
Authors: Wyrwich-Płotka Sabina Magdalena
Published: June 2021

: Z powodu postępującej na świecie urbanizacji i stale ujawniających się wraz z nią kryzysów można zaobserwować ogromne zainteresowanie koncepcją smart city. W praktyce miejskiej ma ona charakter wielowymiarowy i dotyczy zarówno wykorzystywania nowoczesnych rozwiązań technologicznych, jak i ekorozwoju miast. Ponadto aktualna ogólnoświatowa sytuacja wywołana pandemią koronawirusa spowodowała, że nie tylko przedsiębiorstwa borykają się z problemami zachowania ciągłości zatrudnienia, przy jednoczesnym zachowaniu wszelkich rygorów sanitarnych w celu zapewnienia bezpiecznych miejsc pracy. Problem ten dotknął również administrację publiczną, która zobowiązana jest do nieprzerwanego funkcjonowania. Pewnym rozwiązaniem tego problemu stała się praca zdalna. Dlatego też w niniejszym opracowaniu podjęto próbę wykazania roli i znaczenia pracy zdalnej w kreowaniu smart city w dobie pandemii oraz wyodrębniono korzyści, jakie niesie ze sobą taka forma pracy. Doświadczenia ostatnich miesięcy wyraźnie wskazują, że wykorzystanie technologii smart może przyczynić się do zwiększenia bezpieczeństwa i wykształcenia nowych zachowań społecznych, w dłuższej perspektywie. Praca zdalna może nie tylko ułatwić funkcjonowanie organizmów miejskich w sytuacjach kryzysowych, ale także przyczynić się do wzrostu jakości życia w mieście. Należy przypuszczać, że wiele form zdalnego organizowania życia miasta i rozwiązywania problemów mieszkańców będzie stanowić jeden ze standardów obsługi klienta wykorzystywanych przez organy administracji samorządowej
A EXPERIÊNCIA DE REFLEXÃO E AÇÃO DO ESTÁGIO: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA O AMADURECIMENTO DE PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS E PARA FORMAÇÃO DE FUTUROS DOCENTES
Authors: Dillenburg Andreia Ines , Moraes Liliane Milani de , Fantinel Roberta Aparecida
Published: June 2021

O presente trabalho visa relatar a experiência docente no ensino técnico possibilitado pelo Programa Especial de Graduação de Formação de Professores para a Educação Profissional (PEG). Busca-se apresentar a experiência pedagógica, descrevendo as vivências nas atividades propostas para o exercício da docência, analisando os desafios inerentes à prática docente no ensino de nível técnico. A coleta de dados do presente estudo ocorreu por meio da análise dos relatórios e práticas desenvolvidas no Estágio Curricular Supervisionado III. As discussões ocorreram por meio de registros escritos das práticas, demandas e avanços da prática do estágio e Grupos Focais (GF) realizados nas aulas no PEG. A discussão e análise das reflexões propostas no curso de formação de professores que emergem serão apresentadas em três itens. Inicialmente, as discussões ficarão no que se refere ao estágio, na sequência será apresentada a relevância do planejamento como um instrumento que impulsiona a reflexão e ação sobre a prática docente e, por fim, a relação de aprendizagem mútua entre os discentes estagiários e os alunos do campo do estágio. Toda a experiência gera um aprendizado, e é fundamental que estejamos abertos a compreender tudo que se passa, ou grande parte, para percebermos as várias mediações existentes numa relação pedagógica, que envolve ensino e aprendizagem. Verificou-se que a prática e reflexões ocorridas durante a prática do estágio III proporcionaram pensar, agir, ver e compreender a própria ação pedagógica.
O PROFESSOR E A IDENTIDADE SOCIAL DO ALUNO: UMA REFLEXÃO DO ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM NO FUNDAMENTAL I
Authors: Tahim Ana Paula Vasconcelos de Oliveira , Melo Nilmara Maria de Sousa , Chaves Flavio Muniz , Silva Denize de Melo
Published: June 2021

O trabalho aborda a temática do Ensino Fundamental I no que concerne aos valores sociais na construção da identidade da criança. O questionamento norteador da pesquisa pautou-se em: Quais experiências podem favorecer uma vivência significativa dos valores sociais na formação da criança através da leitura? Partindo dessa inquietação, fez-se necessária uma pesquisa inicial do tipo bibliográfica, abordando teóricos como Ribeiro e Campos (2011); BNCC (2018); Abramovich (1997); Stravogiannis (2016); Fonseca (2016). O estudo caminha em uma metodologia de cunho bibliográfico e de campo, descritiva e exploratória e com uma abordagem qualitativa, analisa uma obra paradidática infantil. Como objetivo principal: apontar as práticas pedagógicas que o professor se apropria para discorrer as questões dos valores sociais na formação do aluno. Identificou-se que a construção da identidade da criança é iniciada pelas influências familiares (socialização primária) e pelas interações construídas na escola (socialização secundária). Nesse sentido é preciso que o professor planeje suas aulas com os valores em foco, tais como: confiança, amizade, respeito e amor. Para ilustrar, foi explanada uma experiência de leitura da obra de livro paradidático do ano de 2013. Como explorado, observou-se que as crianças vivenciam influências, quando elas passam valores sociais significativos na formação de sua identidade, assim como as possíveis experiências que favorecem essa construção.
Newborn screening: Need of the hour
Authors: Jalan Anil B. , Kudalkar Ketki V.
Published: June 2021

Newborn screening (NBS) is the process by which newborns are screened just after birth for disorders that can cause severe illness or death unless detected and treated early. At present, there is no national NBS program in India. Although the exact incidence in India is not known, approximately 4:1000 and 5:1000 are estimated to have hearing defects and congenital heart abnormalities, respectively, whereas the incidence of IEMs is estimated to be approximately 1:1000. This high incidence is due to high prevalence of consanguinity in our country. If undiagnosed and untreated many children develop mental retardation, learning disabilities, autism, dyslexia, behavioral abnormalities, and scholastic backwardness later in life. There is also considerable burden-financial and emotional on the parents to diagnose, treat, and manage these children. The most rational and cost-effective way of preventing such tragedies would be to have a NBS program which will detect most of the preventable or treatable, if not all IEMs and other genetic disorders. Hence, all hospitals in urban areas in India should initiate NBS at least for the common disorders: CH, CAH, and G6PD deficiency.
Adsorpsi Methylene Blue pada Nanopartikel Magnetit tersalut Asam Humat: Kajian Isoterm dan Kinetika
Authors: Ngatijo Ngatijo , Gusmaini Nurul , Bemis Restina , Basuki Rahmat
Published: June 2021

Nanopartikel magnetit merupakan suatu material dengan sifat magnet yang stabil dan memiliki luas permukaan tinggi. Penyalutan nanopartikel magnetit dengan asam humat (AH) dilaporkan dapat meningkatkan stabilitas, kapasitas adsorpsi, dan kemudahan pemisahan pasca adsorpsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan sintesis Nanopartikel Magnetit tersalut Asam Humat (NpMAH) dengan metode ko-presipitasi dan menentukan parameter adsorpsinya sebagai adsorben Methylene Blue (MB) dengan metode batch. Keberhasilan sintesis ditunjukkan oleh karakterisasi NpMAH dengan FT-IR, XRD, SEM, dan VSM. Parameter isoterm adsorpsi mengindikasikan bahwa adsorpsi terjadi secara lapis tunggal dengan kapasitas adsorpsi sebesar 56,96 mg/g dan energi adsorpsi sebesar 26,31 kJ/mol pada pH optimum 6,0. Parameter kinetika menunjukkan bahwa adsorpsi mengikuti model kinetika Ho (pseudo orde kedua) dengan konstanta laju adsorpsi (kHo) sebesar 12688,71 g/molmenitdan perhitungan MB yang teradsorpsi pada kesetimbangan (qe) sebesar 2,96×10-5 mol/g. Perhitungan energi adsorpsi menggunakan model kinetika Santosa dan RBS berturut-turut 25,67 kJ/mol dan 41,25 kJ/mol.
Implementation of the school literacy movement during the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Mumpuni Atikah , Kurniawan Prasetyo Yuli , Nurbaeti Rizki Umi , Fadillah Annisa Nurul , Yuliyanti Meri , Indriyani Nova
Published: June 2021

The implementation of the school literacy movement, especially in elementary schools, has many obstacles. Moreover, during the Covid-19 pandemic, the problem of implementing the school literacy movement became increasingly complex. This research is a qualitative research, which is carried out in elementary schools in Banjarharjo District. The data collection instruments consisted of interviews, questionnaire sheets, and observation sheets. The results showed 1) the pattern of literacy movements during the Covid-19 pandemic was adjusted to the level of developmental age of students and the situation and conditions and stages of the literacy movement carried out online; 2) The driving factors for the implementation of the school literacy movement during the Covid-19 pandemic include the availability of good facilities and cooperation with parents. Meanwhile, The inhibiting factors for the school literacy movement are the lack of supporting facilities and the lack of teachers to directly control the development of students' literacy. The school literacy movement during the Covid-19 pandemic should be supported by digital-based reading materials and parental understanding regarding the implementation of the school literacy movement during the Covid-19 pandemic.
The relationship between pre-service elementary school mathematics teachers’ beliefs about epistemology of mathematics, teaching and learning, and mathematics assessment
Authors: Tamba Kimura Patar , Cendana Wiputra
Published: June 2021

This study aims to examine the relationship between epistemological beliefs, teaching-learning beliefs and assessment beliefs in mathematics education. This research is a quantitative study with a correlational study. Data collection using the survey method with a cross-sectional design. The participants were 71 pre-service elementary school  , mathematics teachers. The data on beliefs were collected through means of a questionnaire. The data collected from the questionnaire were then analyzed quantitatively through descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics utilizes the mean value, maximum value, and standard deviation values. Inferential statistics use the product-moment correlation as well as path analysis. The research results show that there is a positive and significant correlation between static and dynamic beliefs on epistemology of mathematics, and the constructivist beliefs on mathematics teaching and learning, with the productive beliefs on mathematics assessment. In addition, there is seen to be a functional influence between both epistimological beliefs (both static and dynamic), as well as beliefs on teaching and learning (constructivist) and beliefs about mathematic assessment (productive). The results of this research signify the importance of considering one’s beliefs about the epistemology of mathematics and mathematics teaching and learning when constructing their beliefs regarding mathematics assessment.
Depression, Adoleszenz und Agency – Zur (Re-)Konstruktion depressiver Identitäten an der Schnittstelle von primärer Lebenspraxis und stellvertretender Krisenbewältigung
Authors: Armbrüster Christian
Published: June 2021

Die vergleichende Einzelfallstudie analysiert institutionell eingeforderte biographische Berichte Adoleszenter mit der Diagnose einer Depression. Sie untersucht, wie sich diese als Narrativ im Kontext von Identitätsbildung und lebenspraktischem Wirklichkeitsvollzug darstellt. In den Eigenberichten der Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen lässt sich Depression als kohärenzstiftende und vermittelnde (Teil-)Identität rekonstruieren. Diese steht in enger Beziehung zu akkumulierten traumatischen Krisen der (familiären) Lebenspraxis, sich daraus ableitenden Handlungsroutinen sowie relational erzeugten Deutungsmustern an der Schnittstelle zur psychosozialen Hilfeinstanz. In diesem Wechselverhältnis von lebenspraktischer Krisenbewältigung und relationaler Identitätsarbeit wird Agency in ihrer inneren und äußeren Struktur sichtbar. Dabei präsentiert der Beitrag die triangulative Verknüpfung der Perspektiven von Identität, Lebenspraxis und Agency als aussichtsreichen Zugang für die fallrekonstruktive Forschung.
Management Board of the Ilha dos Lobos Wildlife Refuge: Building a New Relationship with its Territory
Authors: Kellermann Aline , Steenbock Walter , Ott Paulo Henrique
Published: June 2021

Forming a management board for a Protected Area (PA) is a democratic process which exercises social participation in public environmental management. Ilha dos Lobos Wildlife Refuge (WLR), in southern Brazil, had its management council formed in 2016, 33 years after its creation. The objective of this article was to characterize the board members’ profiles emphasizing their perception of the role of the management council and the challenges and opportunities of this PA. In order to achieve these goals, qualitative methodologies such as the application of 30 questionnaires with closed questions and nine semi-structured interviews with the board members were used. Data collection also involved bibliographical and documentary research. The general profile of the board members is of residents at the PA municipality, with a high level of education, and with previous experience in other councils. According to the interviewed members, the main role of a board member is to provide the management council with technical information, to help integrating society with the PA, and to spread the importance of the WLR. Regarding the main goals of the WLR, its importance as a refuge for sea lions and for scientific research was highlighted. As to the conflicts, the management council members mentioned the illegal fishing within the PA and the fishery interaction with sea lions as the main problems. In terms of future perspectives, the board members revealed the desire to develop sustainable tourism and to implement a management plan. In this context, the establishment of the management council of Ilha dos Lobos WLR represents a milestone in the history of participative management of this PA, consolidating a space for clarification, discussion and integration with the stakeholders of its area of influence. Keywords: Social participation, marine protected area, participatory governance, stakeholders.
Recife-Olinda The Last Frontier: Importance of Estuaries and Mangroves in Urban Environments
Authors: Magarotto Mateus , Costa Monica , Cavalcanti Jacqueline , Oliveira Brenda
Published: June 2021

Located on the administrative border between the cities of Olinda and Recife, the Beberibe River estuary receives constant anthropic influence and its mangrove is the target of growing real estate speculation. The aim of this manuscript is to analyse the decline of mangroves present the Beberibe estuary margins in resulting (access or restriction) in the period from 1974 to 2014. The analyses are made using Geographic Information Systems to assess pressure and urban expansion. The results indicate that there are 30% of mangroves in the study area and that urban growth caused great losses to the mangrove ecosystem that is visible in the representations in the period 1974 - 2014. In view of the emerging paradigms of urban growth, there are new possibilities for physical connection and conceptual between these two cities based on the convergence between the historically linked population. This discussion took place recently in Recife, concerning the José Estelita Wharf, and is currently being repeated for this last frontier of disorderly urban growth. Keywords: Mangroves; Urban Ecosystems; Estuarine Pollution.
From the Environmental Recovery of Beach-Dune Systems in a Period of Confinement by COVID-19, to the Return of the Malpractice in Beach Management after Confinement. The Cases of Catalonia and the Balearic Islands, Spain
Authors: Garcia-Lozano Carla , Roig-Munar Francesc Xavier , Pintó Josep
Published: June 2021

The current sanitary crisis caused by the rapid expansion of the COVID-19 disease offered the possibility of giving respite to the dune systems and allowing their natural regeneration after the effects of the storm Gloria. This storm affected the Levantine and Balearic coast between January 21 and 23, and when some systems began to recover, the hard management of the coast, compromised again the integrity of the dune systems. The urgency to have the systems “ready” for consumption and exploitation moves away from the concept of sustainable tourism management and does not contribute to adaptation to climate change. In this work, we point out some management actions on emerged beaches that have taken place during the lockdown and deconfinement. We focus on three management actions that reveal malpractice, such as levelling and mechanical cleaning, the construction of breakwaters and the removal of Posidonia oceanica. For this, several case studies that represent some of the most well preserved beach-dune systems in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands have been chosen. Keywords: Beach management, mechanical actions, tourism, Catalonia, Balearic Islands.
Validating the CHARMM36m Protein Force Field with LJ-PME Reveals Altered Hydrogen Bonding Dynamics under Elevated Pressures
Authors: Xu You , Huang Jing
Published: June 2021

The pressure-temperature phase diagram is important to our understanding of the physics of biomolecules. Compared to studies on temperature effects, studies of the pressure dependence of protein dynamic are rather limited. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with fine-tuned force fields (FFs) offer a powerful tool to explore the influence of thermodynamic conditions on proteins. Here we evaluate the transferability of the CHARMM36m (C36m) protein force field at varied pressures compared with NMR data using ubiquitin as a model protein. The pressure dependences of J couplings for hydrogen bonds and order parameters for internal motion are in good agreement with experiment. We demonstrate that the C36m FF combined with the LJ-PME method is suitable for simulations in a wide range of temperature and pressure. As the ubiquitin remains stable up to 2500 bar, we identify the mobility and stability of different hydrogen bonds in response to pressure. Based on those results, C36m is expected to be applied to more proteins in the future to further investigate protein dynamics under elevated pressures.
The Density-Based Many-Body Expansion as an Efficient and Accurate Quantum-Chemical Fragmentation Method: Application to Water Clusters
Authors: Schmitt-Monreal Daniel , Jacob Christoph R.
Published: June 2021

Fragmentation methods based on the many-body expansion offer an attractive approach for the quantum-chemical treatment of large molecular systems, such as molecular clusters and crystals. Conventionally, the many-body expansion is performed for the total energy, but such an energy-based many-body expansion often suffers from a slow convergence with respect to the expansion order. For systems that show strong polarization effects such as water clusters, this can render the energy-based many-body expansion infeasible. Here, we establish a density-based many-body expansion as a promising alternative approach. By performing the many-body expansion for the electron density instead of the total energy and inserting the resulting total electron density into the total energy functional of density-functional theory, one can derive a density-based energy correction, which in principle accounts for all higher order polarization effects. Here, we systematically assess the accuracy of such a density-based many-body expansion for test sets of water clusters. We show that already a density-based two-body expansion is able to reproduce interaction energies per fragment within chemical accuracy, and is able to accurately predict the energetic ordering as well as the relative interaction energies of different isomers of water clusters.
Improving Cycle Life Through Fast Formation Using a Super-Concentrated Phosphonium Based Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Anode-Free and Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Pathirana Thushan , Rakov Dmitrii , Chen Fangfang , Forsyth Maria , Kerr Robert , Howlett Patrick C. , A. Rakov Dmitrii
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Cell formation of lithium-ion cells impacts the evolution of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the cell cycle stability. Lithium metal anodes are an important step in the development of high energy density batteries owing to the high theoretical specific capacity of lithium metal. However, most lithium metal battery research has used a conventional lithium-ion formation protocol; this is time consuming, costly and does not account for the different properties of the lithium metal electrode. Here, we have used a recently reported promising phosphonium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ionic liquid electrolyte coupled with an NMC622 high areal capacity cathode (>3.5 mAh/cm2) to investigate the effect of cell formation rates. A faster formation protocol comprised of a pulsed 1.25C current decreased the formation time by 56 % and gave a 38 % greater capacity retention after 50 cycles when compared to formation at C/20. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements showed that the fast formation gave rise to a lower-resistance SEI. Column-like lithium deposits with reduced porous lithium domains between the particles were observed using scanning electron microscope imaging. To underline the excellent performance of these high energy-density cells, a 56 % greater stack specific energy was achieved compared to the analogous graphite-based lithium-ion cell chemistries.
How Do Molecular Motions Affect Structures and Properties at Molecule and Aggregate Levels?
Authors: Tu Deshuang , Zhang Jianyu , Zhang Yunxiao , Sung Herman H.-Y. , Liu Lijie , Tsz Kin Kwok Ryan , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Williams Ian Duncan , Yan Hong , Tang Ben Zhong , deshuang tu
Published: June 2021

Experimental and theoretical analysis demonstrated that the active intramolecular motions in the excited state of all molecules at single molecule level imparted them with more twisted structural conformations and weak emission. However, owing to the restriction of intramolecular motions in the nano/macro aggregate state, all the molecules assumed less twisted conformations with bright emission. Synergic strong and weak intermolecular interactions allowed their crystals to undergo reversible deformation, which effectively solved the problem of the brittles of organic crystals, meanwhile imparted them with excellent elastic performance.
A Comparative Study of Marginalized Graph Kernel and Message Passing Neural Network
Authors: Xiang Yan , Tang Yu-Hang , Lin Guang , Sun Huai
Published: June 2021

This work presents a state-of-the-art hybrid kernel for molecular property predictions. The hybrid kernel consists of a marginalized graph kernel that operates on molecular graphs and radial basis function kernels that operate on global molecular features. Direct message passing neural network (D-MPNN) with global molecular features is used as strong baselines. After using Bayesian optimization to find the optimal hyperparameters, we benchmark the models on 11 publicly available data sets. Our results show that the prediction of the graph kernel is correlated to the prediction of D-MPNN, which indicates that the molecular representation learned from D-MPNN is very close to the reproducing kernel Hilbert space generated by the hybrid kernel. These results may provide clues for research on the interpretability of graph neural networks. In addition, ensembling the graph kernel models with D-MPNN is the best. The advantage of D-MPNN lies in computational efficiency, and the advantage of the graph kernel model lies in the inherent uncertainty qualification of Gaussian process regression. All codes for graph kernel machines used in this work can be found at https://github.com/Xiangyan93/Chem-Graph-Kernel-Machine.
Simplifying and Expanding the Scope of Boron Imidazolate Framework (BIF) Synthesis Using Mechanochemistry
Authors: Lennox Cameron , Do Jean-Louis , Crew Joshua , Arhangelskis Mihails , Titi Hatem M. , Howarth Ashlee J , Farha Omar K. , Friscic Tomislav
Published: June 2021

Mechanochemistry enables rapid access to boron imidazolate frameworks (BIFs), including ultralight materials based on Li and Cu(I) nodes, as well as new and previously unexplored systems based on Ag(I) nodes. Compared to solution methods, mechanochemistry is faster, provides materials with improved porosity, and replaces harsh reactants (e.g. n-butyllithium) with simpler and safer oxides, carbonates or hydroxides. Periodic density-functional theory (DFT) calculations on polymorphic pairs of BIFs based on Li+, Cu+, and Ag+ nodes reveals that heavy-atom nodes increase the stability of the open SOD-framework relative to the non-porous dia-polymorph.