bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved model quality assessment using sequence and structural information by enhanced deep neural networks
Authors: Liu Jun , Zhao Kailong , Zhang Guijun
Published: August 2022

Protein model quality assessment plays an important role in protein structure prediction, protein design, and drug discovery. In this work, DeepUMQA2, a substantially improved version of DeepUMQA for protein model quality assessment, is proposed. First, sequence features containing protein co-evolution information and structural features reflecting family information are extracted to complement model-dependent features. Second, a novel backbone network based on triangular multiplication update and axial attention mechanism is designed to enhance information exchange between inter-residue pairs. On CASP13 and CASP14 datasets, the performance of DeepUMQA2 increases by 20.5% and 20.4% compared with DeepUMQA, respectively (measured by top 1 loss). Moreover, on the three-month CAMEO dataset (March 11 to June 04, 2022), DeepUMQA2 outperforms DeepUMQA by 15.5% (measured by local AUC0,0.2) and ranks first among all competing server methods in CAMEO blind test. Experimental results show that DeepUMQA2 outperforms state-of-the-art model quality assessment methods, such as ProQ3D-LDDT, ModFOLD8, DeepAccNet, Atom_ProteinQA, and QMEAN3.
Effect of the thickness of CAD‐CAM materials on the shear bond strength of light‐polymerized resin cement
Authors: Okutan Yener , Kandemir Banucicek , Donmez Mustafa Borga , Yucel Munir Tolga
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the thickness of computer aided design‐computer aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) restorative materials on the bond strength of light‐polymerized resin cement. Ninety specimens were prepared from three different CAD‐CAM materials (a leucite‐based glass‐ceramic [Empress CAD], a polymer‐infiltrated ceramic network [Vita Enamic], and a zirconia‐reinforced lithium silicate glass‐ceramic [Vita Suprinity]) in different thicknesses (1, 2, and 3 mm). One surface of each specimen was treated by using a single‐step self‐etching ceramic primer (Monobond Etch & Prime). Light‐polymerized resin cement was bonded to treated surfaces by exposure to a light‐emitting diode curing unit from the untreated side of the samples. Shear bond strength (SBS) between the ceramic and the resin cement was measured by using a universal testing machine. The leucite‐based glass‐ceramic had higher SBS values than the other materials at each thickness. For each material, 1 mm‐thick specimens had the highest SBS values. The difference between the SBS values of 2 mm‐ and 3 mm‐thick polymer‐infiltrated ceramic network was nonsignificant, whereas the SBS values of 2 mm‐thick leucite‐based glass‐ceramic and the zirconia‐reinforced lithium silicate glass‐ceramic were significantly higher than those of the corresponding 3 mm‐thick specimens. The choice of the material and its thickness may be highly important for clinical success when light‐polymerized resin cements are used for cementation.
“Keep a sinking boat afloat”: Class contradictions in a nascent shrimp farmers' cooperative in South China
Authors: Huang Yu
Published: August 2022

Whether producer cooperatives could serve as a stepping stone leading to socialism is a much debated issue in Marxian scholarship. It has now been recognized that producer cooperatives might possess paradoxical potentials of promoting egalitarian economy and democratic management whilst at the same time constructing class hierarchies. So far, agrarian scholars have already identified how pre‐existing social differentiation facilitated privileged members to exploit the marginal non‐members. However, they have not explored how members exercise their agency in challenging the class division. In summer 2013, at the height of China's cooperatization movement, I embarked on a project of “engaged anthropology” to mobilize shrimp farmers in South China to establish a cooperative so as to challenge agribusinesses that squeeze farmers' returns, but members ended up hiring outside labour. However, members tried hard to bridge the hierarchy between investors and workers as well as between managers and labourers in order to expand its membership and build the village's reputation. This paper traces how cooperative members deal with the dilemmas between profit maximization and egalitarian distribution, highlighting the importance of class analysis for a pro‐poor cooperative movement.
KDM1A inhibition increases UVA toxicity and enhances photodynamic therapy efficacy
Authors: Mudambi Shaila , Fitzgerald Megan , Pera Paula , Washington Deschana , Chamberlain Sarah , Fidrus Eszter , Hegedűs Csaba , Remenyik Eva , Shafirstein Gal , Bellnier David , Paragh Gyorgy
Published: August 2022

Background

Lysine‐specific histone demethylase 1 (KDM1A/LSD1) regulates multiple cellular functions, including cellular proliferation, differentiation, and DNA repair. KDM1A is overexpressed in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and inhibition of KDM1A can suppress cutaneous carcinogenesis. Despite the role of KDM1A in skin and DNA repair, the effect of KDM1A inhibition on cellular ultraviolet (UV) response has not been studied.

Methods

The ability of KDM1A inhibitor bizine to modify cell death after UVA and UVB exposure was tested in normal human keratinocytes and melanocytes, HaCaT, and FaDu cell lines. KDM1A was also downregulated using shRNA and inhibited by phenelzine in HaCaT and FaDu cells to confirm the role of KDM1A in UVA response. In addition, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) changes were assessed by a lipid‐soluble fluorescent indicator of lipid oxidation, and ROS‐related gene regulation using qPCR. During photodynamic therapy (PDT) studies HaCaT and FaDu cells were treated with aminolaevulinic acid (5‐ALA) or HPPH (2‐[1‐hexyloxyethyl]‐2‐devinyl pyropheophorbide‐a) sodium and irradiated with 0‐8 J/cm2 red LED light.

Results

KDM1A inhibition sensitized cells to UVA radiation‐induced cell death but not to UVB. KDM1A inhibition increased ROS generation as detected by increased lipid peroxidation and the upregulation of ROS‐responsive genes. The effectiveness of both ALA and HPPH PDT significantly improved in vitro in HaCaT and FaDu cells after KDM1A inhibition.

Conclusion

KDM1A is a regulator of cellular UV response and KDM1A inhibition can improve PDT efficacy.
Pilot study evaluating the tolerability of a 3 Gy × 10 daily fraction 3D‐conformal palliative radiation therapy protocol plus toceranib for the treatment of measurable carcinomas in the dog
Authors: Keyerleber Michele A. , Barber Lisa G.
Published: August 2022

The use of radiation therapy in conjunction with small molecule inhibitors is an appealing treatment combination for non‐resectable carcinomas, which tend to be locally invasive with variable risk of locoregional metastasis. This prospective, pilot study aimed to evaluate the tolerability and adverse event profile of concurrent toceranib and palliative‐intent radiation therapy (PRT) in dogs with measurable carcinoma and to secondarily evaluate short‐term measurable tumor response. Fifteen dogs with measurable carcinoma received toceranib and 3D‐conformal PRT in 3 Gy/fraction for 10 daily fractions. Adverse events were graded using standard schemes and tolerability was followed via quality‐of‐life questionnaires during the 12‐week treatment period. Thirteen dogs (87%) experienced acute radiation toxicity, graded as severe in three dogs. All dogs experienced toceranib toxicity, graded as severe in one dog. Seven dogs (47%) completed the 12‐week study protocol; four were withdrawn due to toxicity and/or associated poor quality of life and four developed progressive disease. Based on these preliminary results, this 3D‐conformal chemoradiation protocol should be considered with caution and only with proper owner education on potential toxicity. More conformal treatment planning techniques or alternative protocols should be investigated for improved tolerability.
Sequence Polymorphisms in
Vibrio cholerae
HapR Affect Biofilm Formation under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions
Authors: Caigoy Jant Cres , Shimamoto Toshi , Mukhopadhyay Asish Kumar , Shinoda Sumio , Shimamoto Tadashi
Published: August 2022

Our study revealed an ancestral
hapR
sequence from a phylogenetic reconstruction that displayed the evolutionary lineage of the nonpandemic to the pandemic strains. Here, we established
hapR1
and
hapR2
as major
hapR
haplogroups.
Complete Genome Sequence of Micrococcus yunnanensis TT9, Isolated from a Healthy Volunteer
Authors: Choi Yujin , Son Haelim , Lee Kyoung
Published: August 2022

Micrococcus yunnanensis
TT9 was isolated from the forehead of human skin. This strain can grow on Triton X-100. We report the complete whole-genome sequence of this strain, which has one chromosome of 2,470,932 bp (73.0% G+C content) with 2,151 coding sequences.
Quel sens donner à la sécurisation culturelle pour la main-d’œuvre autochtone? Le contexte du secteur forestier québécois
Authors: Desrochers-Arsenault Jeanne , Beaudoin Jean-Michel , Dufour Marie-Ève
Published: August 2022

Employment can enable First Nations to improve their socio-economic conditions and foster individual and collective well-being. At the same time, there is a growing scarcity of labour in the Canadian forestry sector. In order to address this issue, it is important to consider the difficulties in attracting and retaining First Nations workers in this sector, something that is also the purpose of the efforts undertaken by many First Nations in Quebec, as well as elsewhere in Canada. This qualitative case study research is in line with the initiatives of the Atikamekw of Wemotaci First Nation. Its objective is to better understand the issues and possible solutions to attract and retain Atikamekw workers in the forestry sector. The results show five sets of issues: ( i) the perception of a hierarchy, ( ii) inadequate training methods, ( iii) the individual nature of the work, ( iv) the inclusion of cultural practices, and ( v) the creation of community benefits. For forestry stakeholders interested in attracting and retaining First Nations employees, this research is an invitation to reflect on their practices. The results suggest various avenues to either implement or maintain a cultural safety approach with First Nations workers. [Journal translation]
Gravastars in energy–momentum squared gravity
Authors: Sharif M. , Naz Saba
Published: August 2022

This paper is devoted to studying the structure of gravitationally vacuum condensate stars under the influence of matter and geometry coupled gravity. This alternative to black hole comprises three domains, i.e. interior, exterior and thin-shell. We investigate such regions by considering particular equations of state for a specific model of energy–momentum squared gravity. The nonsingular solutions of field equations are obtained to describe the interior region of gravastar and the Schwarzschild spacetime represents the exterior region. The junction conditions are used to match interior and exterior domains while Lanczos equations provide the surface density and pressure at thin-shell. We investigate various attributes of gravastar such as the equation of state parameter, entropy, proper length as well as energy. The physical features of a gravitationally vacuum star indicate a linear relationship with the thickness of the shell and provide a viable structure similar to general relativity.
Vascular Findings in the Choriocapillaris in a Case of Radiation Retinopathy Secondary to Choroidal Melanoma
Authors: Binkley Elaine M. , Lozano Lola P. , Riker Megan J. , Pennington Edward C. , Tucker Budd A. , Stone Edwin M. , Boldt H. Culver , Mullins Robert F.
Published: August 2022

The effects of radiation retinopathy on the retinal vasculature have been well established; however, the literature describing the pathologic changes in the choriocapillaris is relatively lacking. In this report, we describe the histologic findings of a donor eye with a choroidal melanoma with special attention to the choriocapillaris. Clinical and histological findings, including immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy, are described for the retina and choroid of a donor eye affected by radiation retinopathy secondary to treatment of choroidal melanoma. Cells within the tumor exhibited an epithelioid structure and balloon melanosomes. Notable infiltration of macrophages with elongated morphology was also observed. Atrophy of photoreceptors, retinal pigmented epithelium, and choriocapillaris was observed on the inferior edge of the lesion and extending past the tumor. The choriocapillaris endothelium showed more severe dropout at the periphery of the lesion where loss of fenestration, thickened cytosol, and degenerated pericytes were observed. Morphologic analysis revealed choriocapillaris loss with pronounced degeneration of choroidal pericytes. Understanding the differences in sensitivity to radiation injury between different cell types and different patients will provide better insight into radiation retinopathy.
Assédio da indústria de alimentos infantis a profissionais de saúde em eventos científicos
Authors: Velasco Ana Carla da Cunha Ferreira , Oliveira Maria Inês Couto de , Boccolini Cristiano Siqueira
Published: August 2022

OBJETIVO Analisar o recebimento de patrocínios da indústria de substitutos do leite materno por profissionais de saúde em eventos científicos. MÉTODOS Inquérito multicêntrico (Multi-NBCAL) conduzido entre novembro de 2018 e novembro de 2019 em seis cidades de diferentes regiões brasileiras. Em 26 hospitais públicos e privados foram entrevistados pediatras, nutricionistas, fonoaudiólogos e um membro da chefia, mediante questionário estruturado. Foram realizadas análises descritivas do conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde sobre a Norma Brasileira de Comercialização de Alimentos para Lactentes e Crianças de Primeira Infância, Bicos, Chupetas e Mamadeiras (NBCAL), das empresas patrocinadoras de eventos científicos e dos patrocínios financeiros ou materiais recebidos, conforme a categoria profissional. RESULTADOS Foram entrevistados 217 profissionais de saúde, principalmente pediatras (48,8%). Pouco mais da metade dos profissionais (54,4%) afirmaram conhecer a NBCAL, principalmente em Hospitais Amigos da Criança. A maior parte (85,7%) dos profissionais de saúde havia participado de congressos científicos nos últimos dois anos, mais da metade, 54,3%, deles apoiados pela indústria de substitutos do leite materno, em especial pela Nestlé (85,1%) e Danone (65,3%). Patrocínios foram recebidos por esses profissionais nos eventos, como materiais de escritório (49,5%), refeições ou convites para festas (29,9%), brindes (21,6%), pagamento de inscrição (6,2%) ou de passagem para o congresso (2,1%). CONCLUSÃO As indústrias de alimentos infantis infringem a NBCAL ao assediar profissionais de saúde em congressos científicos, oferecendo patrocínios materiais e financeiros diversos.
Roles of Atmospheric Variability and Arctic Sea Ice in the Asymmetric Arctic–Eurasia Temperature Connection on Subseasonal Time Scale
Authors: Nie Yu , Ren Hong-Li , Zhang Yang , Zhang Pengfei
Published: August 2022

Despite the severe impacts on Eurasian extreme weather, the mechanisms and causes of the “warm Arctic–cold Eurasia” (WACE) pattern and its opposite phase “cold Arctic–warm Eurasia” (CAWE) remain a subject of active debate. With a focus on subseasonal time scale, this study investigates the roles of atmospheric variability and Arctic sea ice in the variation of asymmetric WACE and CAWE patterns in the cold season. WACE (CAWE) patterns are predominantly driven by the temperature advection by anticyclonic (cyclonic) wave activity anomaly over Ural region. Low-frequency processes from both eddy vorticity and heat fluxes are important for the formation of the Ural wave activity anomaly. The subseasonal Arctic sea ice anomaly plays an additional role in maintaining the persistence of WACE and CAWE anomalies through surface heat flux exchange and alteration of Ural wave activity anomaly. Both comprehensive and idealized numerical experiments suggest that sea ice anomalies or thermal forcing act to maintain the WACE pattern by increasing the persistence of Ural anticyclonic anomaly through reducing background flow. The net effect of subseasonal thermal forcing on the WACE and CAWE anomalies is dependent on the mean state on longer time scale. We argue that the dominance of WACE over CAWE is mainly attributed to stronger roles of internal low-frequency atmospheric variability in driving the Ural anticyclonic anomaly and sea ice anomaly or thermal forcing in extending the persistence of the Ural anticyclonic anomaly through modulation on the background flow.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to better understand the subseasonal variability of the “warm Arctic–cold Eurasia” (WACE) and “cold Arctic–warm Eurasia” (CAWE) patterns, which have severe impacts on Eurasian extreme weather. We highlight a dominance of WACE over CAWE, and attribute it to stronger roles of atmospheric variability in driving the WACE pattern and Arctic sea ice in maintaining the WACE anomalies. These findings have important implications for improving the subseasonal prediction of regional extremes.
Association of hyperuricemia with apolipoprotein AI and atherogenic index of plasma in healthy Chinese people: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Duan Yan , Chang Xiaona , Ding Xiaoyu , An Yu , Wang Guang , Liu Jia
Published: August 2022

Background

The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a predictor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), while hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for a variety of CVD. Apolipoprotein AI has been found to be a protective factor for CVD. However, the role of APO AI in the association between plasma uric acid and AIP among healthy Chinese people needs to be further explored.

Aims

To evaluate the relationship between blood uric acid and AIP level in healthy Chinese people. To evaluate the relationship between blood uric acid and Apolipoprotein AI in healthy Chinese people.

Method

A total of 3501 normal and healthy subjects who had physical examinations were divided into the hyperuricemia (HUA) group and the normouricemia (NUA) group.

Result

The AIP of HUA group was significantly higher than that of NUA group [0.17±0.30 vs. −0.08±0.29]. Apo AI (1.33 ± 0.21 vs. 1.47 ± 0.26 g/l) and HDL-c (1.12 ± 0.27 vs. 1.36 ± 0.33 mmol/l) were significantly lower in the HUA group than in the NUA group. LDL-C (2.81 ± 0.77 vs. 2.69 ± 0.73 mmol/l), Apo B (0.96 ± 0.20 vs. 0.89 ± 0.20 g/l), FBG (5.48 ± 0.48 vs. 5.36 ± 0.48 mmol/l) and HOMA-IR [2.75 (1.92–3.91) vs. 2.18 (1.50–3.12)] was significantly higher in HAU group than the NUA group. Increases in plasma UA were associated with increases in AIP (β = 0.307, p < 0.01) and decreases in Apo AI (β =  − 0.236, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for high AIP level. Inhibition of Apolipoprotein AI may be one of the mechanisms of UA which is involved in the progression of cardiovascular disease.
On model-based time trend adjustments in platform trials with non-concurrent controls
Authors: Bofill Roig Marta , Krotka Pavla , Burman Carl-Fredrik , Glimm Ekkehard , Gold Stefan M. , Hees Katharina , Jacko Peter , Koenig Franz , Magirr Dominic , Mesenbrink Peter , Viele Kert , Posch Martin
Published: August 2022

Background

Platform trials can evaluate the efficacy of several experimental treatments compared to a control. The number of experimental treatments is not fixed, as arms may be added or removed as the trial progresses. Platform trials are more efficient than independent parallel group trials because of using shared control groups. However, for a treatment entering the trial at a later time point, the control group is divided into concurrent controls, consisting of patients randomised to control when that treatment arm is in the platform, and non-concurrent controls, patients randomised before. Using non-concurrent controls in addition to concurrent controls can improve the trial’s efficiency by increasing power and reducing the required sample size, but can introduce bias due to time trends.

Methods

We focus on a platform trial with two treatment arms and a common control arm. Assuming that the second treatment arm is added at a later time, we assess the robustness of recently proposed model-based approaches to adjust for time trends when utilizing non-concurrent controls. In particular, we consider approaches where time trends are modeled either as linear in time or as a step function, with steps at time points where treatments enter or leave the platform trial. For trials with continuous or binary outcomes, we investigate the type 1 error rate and power of testing the efficacy of the newly added arm, as well as the bias and root mean squared error of treatment effect estimates under a range of scenarios. In addition to scenarios where time trends are equal across arms, we investigate settings with different time trends or time trends that are not additive in the scale of the model.

Results

A step function model, fitted on data from all treatment arms, gives increased power while controlling the type 1 error, as long as the time trends are equal for the different arms and additive on the model scale. This holds even if the shape of the time trend deviates from a step function when patients are allocated to arms by block randomisation. However, if time trends differ between arms or are not additive to treatment effects in the scale of the model, the type 1 error rate may be inflated.

Conclusions

The efficiency gained by using step function models to incorporate non-concurrent controls can outweigh potential risks of biases, especially in settings with small sample sizes. Such biases may arise if the model assumptions of equality and additivity of time trends are not satisfied. However, the specifics of the trial, scientific plausibility of different time trends, and robustness of results should be carefully considered.
Measuring and controlling medical record abstraction (MRA) error rates in an observational study
Authors: Garza Maryam Y. , Williams Tremaine , Myneni Sahiti , Fenton Susan H. , Ounpraseuth Songthip , Hu Zhuopei , Lee Jeannette , Snowden Jessica , Zozus Meredith N. , Walden Anita C. , Simon Alan E. , McClaskey Barbara , Sanders Sarah G. , Beauman Sandra S. , Ford Sara R. , Malloch Lacy , Wilson Amy , Devlin Lori A. , Young Leslie W.
Published: August 2022

Background

Studies have shown that data collection by medical record abstraction (MRA) is a significant source of error in clinical research studies relying on secondary use data. Yet, the quality of data collected using MRA is seldom assessed. We employed a novel, theory-based framework for data quality assurance and quality control of MRA. The objective of this work is to determine the potential impact of formalized MRA training and continuous quality control (QC) processes on data quality over time.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of QC data collected during a cross-sectional medical record review of mother-infant dyads with Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome. A confidence interval approach was used to calculate crude (Wald’s method) and adjusted (generalized estimating equation) error rates over time. We calculated error rates using the number of errors divided by total fields (“all-field” error rate) and populated fields (“populated-field” error rate) as the denominators, to provide both an optimistic and a conservative measurement, respectively.

Results

On average, the ACT NOW CE Study maintained an error rate between 1% (optimistic) and 3% (conservative). Additionally, we observed a decrease of 0.51 percentage points with each additional QC Event conducted.

Conclusions

Formalized MRA training and continuous QC resulted in lower error rates than have been found in previous literature and a decrease in error rates over time. This study newly demonstrates the importance of continuous process controls for MRA within the context of a multi-site clinical research study.
Acute disease induced cognitive dysfunction in older patients – an unrecognized syndrome
Authors: Wirth Rainer , Klimek Christiane Nicola , Lueg Gero , Pourhassan Maryam , Danielzik Louisa Maria , Krüger Caroline , Trampisch Ulrike Sonja
Published: August 2022

Background

It is unknown, how many older hospitalized patients experience cognitive changes independently from delirium.

Methods

In this retrospective study, cognitive function was assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment on admission and discharge in 103 acute care geriatric hospital patients.

Results

Mean age was 80.8 ± 7.3 years. The total MoCA score on admission was 17.8 (±4.5) and at discharge 17.7 (±4.4). The mean difference of the total MoCA score was − 0.1 (±3.5). 12 (11.7%) patients suffered from delirium. 46 (44.7%) patients experienced significant changes of cognitive function <− 2 or > 2 MoCA points without delirium. There was no significant association between delirium during hospital stay and the prevalence and magnitude of changes in total MoCA score.

Conclusion

Cognitive changes frequently occur during acute disease of geriatric patients independently from delirium. We propose the term “acute disease induced cognitive dysfunction” (ADICD) for this entity.

Trial registration

German Clinical trial register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00025157 on 28.04.2021).
Comparison of the effectiveness of the electronic portfolio and online discussion forum methods in teaching professional belonging and ethical behaviors to nursing students: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Baghbani Reza , Rakhshan Mahnaz , Zarifsanaiey Nahid , Nemati Reza , Daneshi Safieh
Published: August 2022

Background

Nursing is a profession that has had many ethical aspects and understanding professional belonging and ethics as a deep and complex process is one of the basic concepts in this field. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of training professional belonging and ethical behaviors in two methods: electronic portfolio and online discussion forum in nursing students.

Methods

This study is a single-blinded randomized-controlled trial (RCT) with two parallel intervention groups and a third control group. The sample size was 90 selected by block randomization method. The educational contents of professional belonging and ethical behaviors were presented to the participants in two ways: electronic portfolio and online discussion forum. Demographic information form, professional belonging questionnaire, and ethical behaviors questionnaire were applied to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 software. Respectively mean, standard deviation and repeated measured, analysis of variance tests was used in descriptive and analytic statistic. (P value < 0.05).

Results

Comparison of the mean score of professional belonging and ethical behavior in the three stages of pretest, immediately after the test and four weeks after the test in all three groups was significant (P < 0.001). The control group had a higher mean score of professional belonging immediately after the test (108.18 ± 48.9) compared to the other two groups. Also, the online discussion forum group had a higher mean score on ethical behavior in four weeks after the test (104.2 ± 0.8) compared to the other two groups.

Conclusion

Training based on two methods of the electronic portfolio and online discussion forum increases and enhances the level of ethical behaviors in students. Therefore, the implementation of such methods of training can be useful in improving, promoting, and learning ethical behaviors in nursing students. On the other hand, training based on the two methods had a negative impact on professional belonging. Therefore, it is suggested that future studies be conducted with a greater focus on areas of professional belonging.

Trial registration

This research has been registered in Iranian Clinical Trial Registration Center (IRCT) with registration number "IRCT20180612040063N1" and registration date "16/07/2018".
How and why buy-in for health in all policies was facilitated in Ecuador: a realist case study of Plan Nacional para el Buen Vivir
Authors: Mahabir Deb Finn , Shankardass Ketan , Freiler Alix , O’Campo Patricia , Brisbois Ben , Muntaner Carles
Published: August 2022

Background

In 2008, Ecuador introduced Plan Nacional para el Buen Vivir (PNBV; National Plan for Good Living), which was widely recognized as a promising example of Health in All Policies (HiAP) due to the integration of policy sectors on health and health equity objectives. PBNV was implemented through three successive plans (2009–2013, 2013–2017, 2017–2021). In a time of widening global health inequities, there is growing interest in understanding how politics and governance shape HiAP implementation. The objective of this study was to test specific hypotheses about how, why, to what extent, and under what circumstances HiAP was implemented in Ecuador.

Methods

An explanatory case study approach (HiAP Analysis using Realist Methods on International Case Studies—HARMONICS) was used to understand the processes that hindered or facilitated HiAP implementation. Realist methods and systems theory were employed to test hypotheses through analysis of empirical and grey literature, and 19 key informant interviews. This case study focused on processes related to buy-in for a HiAP approach by diverse policy sectors, particularly in relation to the strong mandate and transformative governance approach that were introduced by then-President Rafael Correa’s administration to support PNBV.

Results

The mandate and governance approach of the HiAP approach achieved buy-in for implementation across diverse sectors. Support for the hypotheses was found through direct evidence about buy-in for HiAP implementation by policy sectors; and indirect evidence about allocation of governmental resources for HiAP implementation. Key mechanisms identified included: influence of political elites; challenges in dealing with political opposition and ‘siloed’ ways of thinking; and the role of strategies and resources in motivating buy-in.

Conclusion

In Ecuador, political elites were a catalyst for mechanisms that impacted buy-in and government funding for HiAP implementation. They raised awareness among policy sectors initially opposed to PNBV about the rationale for changing governance practices, and they provided financial resources to support efforts related to PNBV. Specific mechanisms help explain these phenomena further. Future studies should examine ways that PNBV may have been an impediment to health equity for some marginalized groups while strengthening HiAP implementation.
Association of maternal HDL2-c concentration in the first trimester and the risk of large for gestational age birth
Authors: Huang Dongxu , Zhu Haiyan , Zhu Yandi , Dang Qinyu , Yang Qian , Zhang Yadi , Cai Xiaxia , Zhao Xiaoyan , Liang Ning , Wang Hongliang , Yu Huanling
Published: August 2022

Background

Maternal lipid levels during pregnancy are critical for fetal development. Recent studies revealed that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels during pregnancy were negatively correlated with birthweight. High-density lipoprotein 2 cholesterol (HDL2-c) is one of the major subclasses of HDL-c, and its relationship with birthweight is unclear. Association of HDL2-c concentration in the first trimester and risk of large for gestational age (LGA) was explored.

Methods

This study recruited pregnant women who registered in Fuxing Hospital from October 2018 to January 2020, had regular obstetric examinations during pregnancy, and delivered between June 2019 and September 2020. Finally, 549 participants were recruited for the study. Maternal demographic characteristics and venous blood were collected at the 6th-14th gestational week, and serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL-c, HDL2-c, high-density lipoprotein 3 cholesterol (HDL3-c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) concentrations were detected. Neonatal characteristics were collected at delivery. A logistic regression model was used to explore the relationship between the first trimester HDL2-c concentration and LGA incidence. A nomogram was developed, and the performance was evaluated with a concordance index.

Results

Seventy-five mothers delivered LGA infants, and the LGA incidence was 13.66%. LGA mothers had significantly lower serum HDL-c and HDL2-c concentrations than appropriate for gestational age (AGA) mothers. A logistic regression model showed that HDL2-c concentration was negatively correlated with LGA risk (odds ratio (OR) = 0.237, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.099–0.567, P = 0.001) when adjusted for age, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), and parity. A nomogram was generated using all these risk factors. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.663 (95% CI: 0.593–0.732).

Conclusions

Maternal HDL2-c concentration in the first trimester was negatively correlated with the risk of LGA.
E-cigarette use and intentions related to psychological distress among cigarette, e-cigarette, and cannabis vape users during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cabral Patricia
Published: August 2022

Background

This study examines associations between psychological distress, intentions to use e-cigarettes, and cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use, and cannabis consumption through e-cigarette use among a diverse sample of U.S. young adults.

Procedures

Young adults (N = 314; 72.5% female) were recruited to complete an online survey during the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

Associations between psychological distress and cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use, cannabis vaping, and intentions to use e-cigarettes were found. Current e-cigarette use (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.17, 1.28, p < .001; 7.5%) and cannabis vaping (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.88, 2.18, p < .001; 10%) was higher among female, possibly due to the significantly higher psychological distress reported among females. Interactions between intentions to use e-cigarettes and psychological distress variables were found for all smoking and vaping behaviors.

Conclusions

Public health efforts should increase focus on providing psychological services for young adults to improve coping strategies that are alternative to smoking and vaping behaviors.
Response to written commentary in preparation for high-stakes second language writing assessment
Authors: Pearson William S.
Published: August 2022

Many L2 learners preparing for high-stakes, on-demand English language tests (e.g., IELTS, TOEFL) undertake classroom-based test preparation involving the provision of teacher written feedback commentary (WFC) on writing that simulates test tasks. The assumption is teachers’ knowledge of both the language and testing system helps develop candidates’ language/test-taking skills and familiarity with task expectations. Prior research has indicated features of WFC’s content and delivery can impact on the extent and quality of student revisions, although preparation for writing assessment settings have yet to be explored. The present study investigated the effects of five WFC content and delivery characteristics (focus, length, explicitness, semantic function, and presence of mitigation) on three rehearsal essays written by eight candidates preparing for IELTS Writing Task 2. The qualities of content and delivery most associated with substantive, positive revisions included comments targeting Task Response, those 50 words or longer, when an explicit revision strategy was provided, the presence of mitigation through personal attribution, and question posing and criticism. The study found learners tended not to act upon descriptive end comments explicating written performance, praise, and comments below five words in length. The implications for teachers in classroom IELTS preparation contexts are discussed.
Single-center experience of induction therapy in non-systemic vasculitic neuropathy
Authors: Schneider Christian , Wassermann Meike K. , Fink Gereon R. , Lehmann Helmar C.
Published: August 2022

Background

No controlled studies for non-systemic vasculitic neuropathy treatment exist (NSVN). We compared the treatment response to induction therapy commonly used in clinical practice in NSVN.

Methods

In this retrospective single-center study, 43 patients with biopsy-proven NSVN were analyzed. Patients were subdivided into groups depending on their initial treatment. Relapse rates, changes of motor and sensory symptoms, adverse events, predictors of relapses, and second-line treatment were compared.

Results

Initial treatment regimens were corticosteroid monotherapy, cyclophosphamide monotherapy, pulsed corticosteroid therapy, and combination therapy. Discontinuation due to adverse events occurred in 6 of 43 patients. Clinical data did not differ between treatment groups. Within 12 months, 24.3% of patients relapsed. The median time to relapse was 4 (1.5, 6) months. No relapse occurred in the combination therapy group. However, there was no statistically significant difference in relapse-free survival between treatment groups (p = 0.58). Neither clinical data nor biopsy analysis predicted relapses sufficiently. As a second-line treatment, cyclophosphamide as mono- or combination therapy was used (7 of 9 patients) most frequently. One patient was treated with methotrexate, and one with IVIG.

Conclusions

Induction therapy used in clinical practice is effective and mainly well-tolerated in NSVN. Our data do not support an overall advantage of cyclophosphamide over corticosteroid monotherapy. Controlled trials comparing the effectiveness of induction and maintenance therapy in NSVN are warranted.
The predictive value of MAPH score for determining thrombus burden in patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Çakmak Karaaslan Özge , Çöteli Cem , Özilhan Murat Oğuz , Akdi Ahmet , Başyiğit Funda , Selçuk Hatice , Selçuk Mehmet Timur , Maden Orhan
Published: August 2022

Background

A high thrombus burden has been connected with poor clinical events in patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). In patients with STEMI, a high MAPH score has been associated with a large thrombus burden. However, the predictive value of the MAPH score in determining the thrombus burden in patients with NSTEMI is unclear. The present report aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of the MAPH score in the estimating coronary thrombus burden in NSTEMI patients. The study patients were split into two groups according to their thrombus grade. The low shear rate (LSR) and high shear rate (HSR) were estimated by haematocrit levels and serum total protein levels. The MAPH score was calculated by adding mean platelet volume (MPV) levels and age, in addition to total protein and haematocrit.

Results

The patients with a high thrombus burden (HTB) had a higher LSR, higher HSR and higher MAPH score compared to patients with low thrombus burden. MAPH score was found to be an independent predictors of HTB in Model 1 (OR: 1.124, 95% CI: 1.011–1.536; p = 0.039) and Model 2 (OR: 1.236; 95% CI: 1.002–1.525; p = 0.047). The cut-off value of the MAPH score for predicting HTB was 2 based on the Youden index.

Conclusions

The MAPH score, which calculated by adding MPV levels and age, in addition to total protein and haematocrit, is a novel, easily accessible score. The MAPH score at both LSR and HSR was an independent predictor of HTB.
Perceived sustainability of psychosocial treatment in low- and middle-income countries in South-Eastern Europe
Authors: Ribic Emina , Sikira Hana , Dzubur Kulenovic Alma , Pemovska Tamara , Russo Manuela , Jovanovic Nikolina , Radojicic Tamara , Repisti Selman , Milutinović Miloš , Blazevska Biljana , Konjufca Jon , Ramadani Fjolla , Jerotic Stefan , Savic Bojana
Published: August 2022

Background

DIALOG+ is an evidence-based, generic, cost-saving and easily deliverable psychosocial intervention, adaptable to clinicians’ personal manner of interaction with patients. It was implemented in mental health services in five low- and middle-income countries in South-Eastern Europe during a 12-month randomised-controlled trial (IMPULSE) to improve the effectiveness of out-patient treatment for people with psychotic disorders.

Aims

To investigate barriers and facilitators to the perceived sustainability of DIALOG+ that has been successfully implemented as a part of the IMPULSE project.

Method

Three months after the IMPULSE trial's end, perceived sustainability of the DIALOG+ intervention was assessed via a short survey of clinicians and patients who took part in the trial. Quantitative data collected from the survey were analysed using descriptive statistics; content analysis assessed qualitative survey data. The views and experiences of key informants (patients, clinicians and healthcare policy influencers) regarding the sustainability and scale-up of DIALOG+ were further explored through semi-structured interviews. These data were explored using framework analysis.

Results

Clinicians mostly appreciated the comprehensiveness of DIALOG+, and patients described DIALOG+ meetings as empowering and motivating. The barrier most commonly identified by key informants was availability of financial resources; the most important facilitators were the clinically relevant structure and comprehensiveness of the DIALOG+ intervention.

Conclusions

Participants showed a willingness to sustain the implementation of DIALOG+. It is important to maintain collaboration with healthcare policy influencers to improve implementation of DIALOG+ across different levels of healthcare systems and ensure availability of resources for implementing psychosocial interventions such as DIALOG+.
CMTr mediated 2′-O-ribose methylation status of cap-adjacent nucleotides across animals
Authors: Dix Thomas C. , Haussmann Irmgard U. , Brivio Sarah , Nallasivan Mohannakarthik P. , HadzHiev Yavor , Müller Ferenc , Müller Berndt , Pettitt Jonathan , Soller Matthias
Published: August 2022

Cap methyltransferases (CMTrs) O methylate the 2′ position of the ribose (cOMe) of cap-adjacent nucleotides of animal, protist, and viral mRNAs. Animals generally have two CMTrs, whereas trypanosomes have three, and many viruses encode one in their genome. In the splice leader of mRNAs in trypanosomes, the first four nucleotides contain cOMe, but little is known about the status of cOMe in animals. Here, we show that cOMe is prominently present on the first two cap-adjacent nucleotides with species- and tissue-specific variations in Caenorhabditis elegans, honeybees, zebrafish, mouse, and human cell lines. In contrast, Drosophila contains cOMe primarily on the first cap-adjacent nucleotide. De novo RoseTTA modeling of CMTrs reveals close similarities of the overall structure and near identity for the catalytic tetrad, and for cap and cofactor binding for human, Drosophila and C. elegans CMTrs. Although viral CMTrs maintain the overall structure and catalytic tetrad, they have diverged in cap and cofactor binding. Consistent with the structural similarity, both CMTrs from Drosophila and humans methylate the first cap-adjacent nucleotide of an AGU consensus start. Because the second nucleotide is also methylated upon heat stress in Drosophila, these findings argue for regulated cOMe important for gene expression regulation.
Post-trial follow-up after a randomized clinical trial of COVID-19 convalescent plasma
Authors: Esteban Ignacio , Panighetti María Teresa , Polack Fernando P.
Published: August 2022

Background:

COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CP) proved to be a safe acute intervention, however, the long-term clinical effects of COVID-19 CP are to date unknown. CP might have a prospective negative effect by down-regulating the inflammatory response suppressing antibody formation and promoting autoantibodies against interferons. Our objective was to establish the long-term safety profile of COVID-19 CP and determine if its administration increases the risk for further respiratory infections in older adults.

Methods:

All participants included in the intention to treat analysis of a randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of COVID-19 CP in older adults were invited to participate in this post-trial follow-up study.

Patients were strictly followed for at least 6 months after randomization. The primary endpoint was the number of patients with clinically confirmed acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Secondary endpoints included all-cause mortality, time to first respiratory infection, SARS-CoV-2 re-infection, adverse events, and persistence of COVID-19 symptoms after initial infection.

Results:

142 patients were included in the study (total retention rate=92.8%). The mean age was 77.2 years (SD=8.6) and the median duration of follow-up was 10.4 months (IQR=1.63), with no differences among groups. 20 patients had a clinically confirmed ARI during the study. No differences were observed between groups in the proportion of ARIs (CP=11/72 and Placebo=9/70, p-value=0.678) and in the probability of ARI-free survival between groups (log-rank test p-value=0.63).

No differences emerged when comparing groups regarding secondary endpoints.

Conclusions:

COVID-19 convalescent plasma remains a safe intervention without increasing the risk of acute respiratory infection or other clinical consequences in the long term.
Case Report: Adult Onset Still’s Disease after vaccination against Covid-19
Authors: Risal Ujjwol , Subedee Anup , Pangeni Raju , Pandey Rakshya , Pandey Suravi , Adhikari Sudeep , Basnyat Buddha
Published: August 2022

Vaccination against the virus responsible for COVID-19 has become key in preventing mortality and morbidity related to the infection. Studies have shown that the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks. However, there are concerns regarding serious adverse events of some vaccines, although they are fortunately rare. Here, we report a case of a 47-year-old female from Kathmandu who presented with high grade fever, dry cough and erythematous rash a week after exposure to the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. She had hepatosplenomegaly, persistent leucocytosis, anaemia and thrombocytosis along with markedly raised inflammatory markers. Her tests for infectious causes and haematological malignancies were negative and she showed no response to multiple antibiotics. Finally, she had a dramatic response to steroids with disappearance of fever and normalization of other laboratory parameters. Hence, she was diagnosed with Adult-onset Still’s Disease (AOSD). She was under methotrexate and prednisolone tapering dose and doing well as of the time of writing. The trigger for the disease was hypothesized to be the vaccine because of the strong temporal association.
Integratable electro-optic modulator based on a polymer-embedded silicon racetrack resonator with high electro-optic wavelength tuning
Authors: Ma Tao , Tian Yongsheng , Su Linxing , Wang Huan , Liu Heng , Wang Fang
Published: August 2022

Electro-optic (EO) modulators based on polymer-embedded silicon racetrack resonators (EOM-PSRR) are investigated. To obtain the single-mode propagation condition, the mode and transmission characteristics of the polymer-embedded silicon waveguide are simulated by the finite element method (FEM). By adding a static bias voltage, the EO modulation performances of EOM-PSRR embedded with lithium niobate (

L
i
N
b
O

3

), EO polymer (AJ309), and hybrid EO

p
o
l
y
m
e
r

/

T
i
O

2

material (HEOT) are studied. The results show that the EOM-PSRR embedded with

L
i
N
b
O

3

achieves a high modulation depth (MD) of

∼

27.6

d
B

with a low EO wavelength tuning (

λ

E
O

) of 10 pm/V. However, the EOM-PSRR embedded with HEOT has a high

λ

E
O

of 100 pm/V but a low MD of

∼

6.2

d
B

with an extinction ratio of

∼

5.2

d
B

. The EOM-PSRR has potential application prospects in optical communication, optical signal processing, and optical network links. It can be produced as an optical frequency comb generator in a dense wavelength division multiplexing system, an EO frequency shifter for laser beams, an optical soliton former, and a photon time-delay device in a phased array radar.