bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis preventive therapy for people living with HIV: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Yanes-Lane Mercedes , Ortiz-Brizuela Edgar , Campbell Jonathon R. , Benedetti Andrea , Churchyard Gavin , Oxlade Olivia , Menzies Dick
Published: September 2021

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy (TPT) is an essential component of care for people living with HIV (PLHIV). We compared efficacy, safety, completion, and drug-resistant TB risk for currently recommended TPT regimens through a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized trials.

Methods and findings

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception through June 9, 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing 2 or more TPT regimens (or placebo/no treatment) in PLHIV. Two independent reviewers evaluated eligibility, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. We grouped TPT strategies as follows: placebo/no treatment, 6 to 12 months of isoniazid, 24 to 72 months of isoniazid, and rifamycin-containing regimens. A frequentist NMA (using graph theory) was carried out for the outcomes of development of TB disease, all-cause mortality, and grade 3 or worse hepatotoxicity. For other outcomes, graphical descriptions or traditional pairwise meta-analyses were carried out as appropriate. The potential role of confounding variables for TB disease and all-cause mortality was assessed through stratified analyses.

A total of 6,466 unique studies were screened, and 157 full texts were assessed for eligibility. Of these, 20 studies (reporting 16 randomized trials) were included. The median sample size was 616 (interquartile range [IQR], 317 to 1,892). Eight were conducted in Africa, 3 in Europe, 3 in the Americas, and 2 included sites in multiple continents. According to the NMA, 6 to 12 months of isoniazid were no more efficacious in preventing microbiologically confirmed TB than rifamycin-containing regimens (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.0, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.4, p = 0.8); however, 6 to 12 months of isoniazid were associated with a higher incidence of all-cause mortality (IRR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.0, p = 0.02) and a higher risk of grade 3 or higher hepatotoxicity (risk difference [RD] 8.9, 95% CI 2.8 to 14.9, p = 0.004). Finally, shorter regimens were associated with higher completion rates relative to longer regimens, and we did not find statistically significant differences in the risk of drug-resistant TB between regimens. Study limitations include potential confounding due to differences in posttreatment follow-up time and TB incidence in the study setting on the estimates of incidence of TB or all-cause mortality, as well as an underrepresentation of pregnant women and children.

Conclusions

Rifamycin-containing regimens appear safer and at least as effective as isoniazid regimens in preventing TB and death and should be considered part of routine care in PLHIV. Knowledge gaps remain as to which specific rifamycin-containing regimen provides the optimal balance of efficacy, completion, and safety.
Effects of automation trust in drivers’ visual distraction during automation
Authors: Zhang Yijing , Ma Jinfei , Pan Chunyang , Chang Ruosong
Published: September 2021

With ongoing improvements in vehicle automation, research on automation trust has attracted considerable attention. In order to explore effects of automation trust on drivers’ visual distraction, we designed a three-factor 2 (trust type: high trust group, low trust group) × 2 (video entertainment: variety-show videos, news videos) × 3 (measurement stage: 1–3) experiment. 48 drivers were recruited in Dalian, China for the experiment. With a driving simulator, we used detection-response tasks (DRT) to measure each driver’s performance. Their eye movements were recorded, and automation-trust scale was used to divide participants into high trust group and low trust group. The results show that: (1) drivers in the high trust group has lower mental workload and paid more attention to visual non-driving-related tasks; (2) video entertainment also has an impact on distraction behavior, variety-show videos catch more attention than news videos. The findings of the present study indicate that drivers with high automation trust are more likely to be involved in non-driving-related visual tasks.
Can sterilization of disposable face masks be an alternative for imported face masks? A nationwide field study including 19 sterilization departments and 471 imported brand types during COVID-19 shortages
Authors: van Straten B. , Robertson P. D. , Oussoren H. , Pereira Espindola S. , Ghanbari E. , Dankelman J. , Picken S. , Horeman T.
Published: September 2021

Background

Face masks, also referred to as half masks, are essential to protect healthcare professionals working in close contact with patients with COVID-19-related symptoms. Because of the Corona material shortages, healthcare institutions sought an approach to reuse face masks or to purchase new, imported masks. The filter quality of these masks remained unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the quality of sterilized and imported FFP2/KN95 face masks.

Methods

A 48-minute steam sterilization process of single-use FFP2/KN95 face masks with a 15 minute holding time at 121°C was developed, validated and implemented in the Central Sterilization Departments (CSSD) of 19 different hospitals. Masks sterilized by steam and H2O2 plasma as well as new, imported masks were tested for particle filtration efficiency (PFE) and pressure drop in a custom-made test setup.

Results

The results of 84 masks tested on the PFE dry particle test setup showed differences of 2.3±2% (mean±SD). Test data showed that the mean PFE values of 444 sterilized FFP2 face masks from the 19 CSSDs were 90±11% (mean±SD), and those of 474 new, imported KN95/FFP2 face masks were 83±16% (mean±SD). Differences in PFE of masks received from different sterilization departments were found.

Conclusion

Face masks can be reprocessed with 121 °C steam or H2O2 plasma sterilization with a minimal reduction in PFE. PFE comparison between filter material of sterilized masks and new, imported masks indicates that the filter material of most reprocessed masks of high quality brands can outperform new, imported face masks of unknown brands. Although the PFE of tested face masks from different sterilization departments remained efficient, using different types of sterilization equipment, can result in different PFE outcomes.
Ordenación de usos agrarios en áreas protegidas de media montaña mediterránea. Estudio de la Sierra Morena andaluza
Authors: Garzón-García Rafael , Vega-Pozuelo Rafael
Published: September 2021

Se analiza la vinculación entre áreas protegidas y actividades de base agraria, en particular en entornos de media montaña mediterránea. En ellos dicha vinculación goza de una especial relevancia a tenor de factores como la variedad y riqueza de las formas de aprovechamiento agrario y su compatibilidad —en frágil equilibrio— con la conservación de elevadas cotas de cualificación ambiental y paisajística. El importante incremento durante las últimas décadas de las áreas protegidas de gran extensión y visión multifuncional —particularmente bajo la categoría de Parque— en tales entornos así lo muestra. Se estudia, con el apoyo de fuentes cartográficas, estadísticas y del trabajo de campo, la situación general registrada en los parques naturales de la Sierra Morena andaluza. Se constatará la dispar consideración de los agrosistemas entre parques, así como los logros y carencias en la ordenación y gestión de los principales usos agrarios y la incidencia en su evolución.
Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in aborted fetuses of goats in Chattogram, Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Tanjila , Mannan Abdul , Hossain Delower , Rekha Azizunnesa , Hossan Md. Monir , Alim Mohammad Abdul , Uddin AHM Musleh
Published: September 2021

Background and Aim: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that is responsible for the major cause of congenital diseases, abortion, and stillbirth in humans and farm animals. Primary infection in pregnant goats due to T. gondii leads to abortion and significant economic losses in the livestock industry. Moreover, very few studies have been performed for the identification of T. gondii from aborted fetuses of goats. The study was conducted for the molecular identification of Toxoplasma gondii from aborted fetuses of goats in Chattogram, Bangladesh.

Materials and Methods: Twenty aborted fetuses of goats were collected from 52 farms in the study area. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the B1 gene was performed, and a positive sample yield of 197 bp amplified DNA products consistent with T. gondii.

Results: The overall prevalence of toxoplasmosis in the aborted fetus of goats was 35.0%. Heart muscle, liver, brain, and placenta showed positive PCR results. The risk factors related to the does age, presence of cats in farms, and aborted fetus age were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Our results showed that T. gondii is a major possible causal factor for abortion and reproductive failure in goats. The high prevalence of T. gondii infection in aborted fetuses of goats revealed that T. gondii could be imperative in causing reproductive failure in goats.

Conclusion: Active or congenital toxoplasmosis was shown by the presence of T. gondii in fetal tissues, which is a matter of concern as this parasite has zoonotic significance and causes economic hazards to the livestock industry by causing various reproductive problems. Therefore, proper control measures and strategies are needed to reduce the rate of abortion in goats, ultimately saving the livestock industry.
Metastatic Testicular Embryonal Carcinoma Presenting as Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Authors: Park Nathan , Han James , Shah Sagar , Chahine Anastasia , Samarasena Jason
Published: September 2021

Testicular cancer is the most common malignancy in men aged 20–35 years, usually presenting with painless scrotal swelling. Metastases, should they occur, frequently involve retroperitoneal lymph nodes, which drain the testes. Gastrointestinal (GI) metastases are rare, and metastatic disease may not initially be considered in a young man presenting with GI hemorrhage. This case demonstrates the importance of evaluating for a primary underlying malignancy, especially if other causes of GI hemorrhage have been ruled out. Testicular primary should additionally be considered in men because early intervention may often lead to improved clinical outcomes.
Burden of illness in infants and young children hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus: A rapid review
Authors: Wingert Aireen , Pillay Jennifer , Moore Dorothy L , Vandermeer Ben , Dyson Michele P , Sinilaite Angela , Tunis Matthew , Hartling Lisa
Published: September 2021

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are common among young children and represent a significant burden to patients, their families and the Canadian health system. Here we conduct a rapid review of the burden of RSV illness in children 24 months of age or younger. Four databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Database of Clinical Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov from 2014 to 2018), grey literature and reference lists were reviewed for studies on the following: children with or without a risk factor, without prophylaxis and with lab-confirmed RSV infection. Of 29 studies identified, 10 provided within-study comparisons and few examined clinical conditions besides prematurity. For infants of 33–36 weeks gestation (wGA) versus term infants, there was low-to-moderate certainty evidence for an increase in RSV-hospitalizations (n=599,535 infants; RR 2.05 [95% CI 1.89–2.22]; 1.3 more per 100 [1.1–1.5 more]) and hospital length of stay (n=7,597 infants; mean difference 1.00 day [95% CI 0.88–1.12]). There was low-to-moderate certainty evidence of little-to-no difference for infants born at 29–32 versus 33–36 wGA for hospitalization (n=12,812 infants; RR 1.20 [95% CI 0.92–1.56]). There was low certainty evidence of increased mechanical ventilation for hospitalized infants born at 29–32 versus 33–35 wGA (n=212 infants; RR 1.58, 95% CI 0.94–2.65). Among infants born at 32–35 wGA, hospitalization for RSV in infancy may be associated with increased wheeze and asthma-medication use across six-year follow-up (RR range 1.3–1.7). Children with versus without Down syndrome may have increased hospital length of stay (n=7,206 children; mean difference 3.00 days, 95% CI 1.95–4.05; low certainty). Evidence for other within-study comparisons was of very low certainty. In summary, prematurity is associated with greater risk for RSV-hospitalization and longer hospital length of stay, and Down syndrome may be associated with longer hospital stay for RSV. Respiratory syncytial virus-hospitalization in infancy may be associated with greater wheeze and asthma-medication use in early childhood. Lack of a comparison group was a major limitation for many studies.
Synergistic therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment based on nanophototherapy
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Song Ruixiang , Li Xiaosong , Zhou Feifan
Published: September 2021

Treatment of malignant tumors has always been a worldwide challenge. The complexity, diversity, and heterogeneity of tumors have prompted the treatment strategies to gradually shift from monotherapy to combination therapy that can synergize multiple treatment modalities. With unique physical and chemical properties, nanomaterials have been widely used in different cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and phototherapy. Especially, the variability and integrity of nanomaterials make them ideal media for synergistic collaboration strategies. Here, we provide our perspective on the synergistic strategy of nanoplatform-mediated phototherapies and related combination therapies, specifically photochemotherapy, photoradiotherapy, and photoimmunotherapy. Besides, we provide an analysis and outlook on the current challenges faced by synergistic nanophototherapy.
An Operative Sequences Network: The Technical Organization at Casa Montero Early Neolithic Flint Mine (Madrid, Spain)
Authors: Castañeda Nuria
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this work is to analyze in which way the technical system of the Early Neolithic flint mine of Casa Montero (5350–5220 cal. BC) was organized to manage different flint-based reduction sequences. The particular features and genesis of Casa Montero’s flint limited the efficiency of one of the main goals of the mine: blade production. As a result, a great amount of the extracted raw material was discarded throughout the process. However, an efficiently planned management allowed its reuse for other purposes. One of the key social activities that took place at the mine was knapping apprenticeship. Younger community members were progressively introduced to this complex technical system, taking part in a many-sided set of tasks and parts of the whole production process, from extraction to recycling and waste management. However, knapping learning, as an operative sequence itself, needs a great amount of raw material. By means of the factorial analysis of the relationships between skill levels and raw material varieties and features of blanks, we can understand the complex organization of this technical system in which some strategies were carried out to avoid competition for raw material and allow motivation of apprentices. The spheres of mining, knapping, and learning coexist harmonically and benefit each other. Younger people of the community participated in mining as a workforce, knapping offers them abundant waste to practice, and learning allows social reproduction.
Developing a Reference Collection for Starch Grain Analysis in Early Neolithic Western Temperate Europe
Authors: Cagnato Clarissa , Hamon Caroline , Salavert Aurélie , Elliott Michelle
Published: September 2021

While we know that cereals played an important role in the diet of Linearbandkeramik (LBK) and Blicquy/Villeneuve-Saint-Germain (BVSG) populations in the Paris Basin, many questions remain to be answered as to the real contribution of other plants. To assess this topic, the recovery of other lines of data beyond macrobotanicals is crucial: starch grains have the potential to reveal additional information regarding past plant use. However, in Western Europe, in particular, for the Neolithic period, there is a significant lag in the development of the discipline. We, therefore, present how our current reference collection (composed of nearly 100 taxa spread across 35 families) was established, the reasoning behind our plant selections, and where the material comes from. Overall, our work shows that even though not all the selected plant organs produce diagnostic starch grains, it may be possible to broaden the spectrum of plants likely consumed by Early Neolithic (and beyond) populations in the Paris Basin, in particular concerning the use of wild plants and specific plant parts, especially underground storage organs (tubers, rhizomes, roots, bulbs, etc.). We believe our research will help guide future scholars in the creation of their own starch grain reference collection and to carry out such analyses on archaeological material from this region by consulting our image database. We conclude by providing a brief summary of what the starch grain record in the Paris Basin tells us to date on ancient plant use.
100 YEARS OF VITAMIN D: Dose–response for change in 25-hydroxyvitamin D after UV exposure: outcome of a systematic review
Authors: Webb Ann R , Alghamdi Rehab , Kift Richard , Rhodes Lesley E
Published: September 2021

A systematic review of publications addressing change in vitamin D status (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD)) after exposure to UV radiation identified 2001 independent peer-reviewed publications. Of these, 21 used artificial sources of UV radiation, met all inclusion criteria and were quality assured; 13 publications used solar radiation and met sufficient inclusion criteria to be retained as supporting evidence; 1 further included publication used both solar and artificial sources. The review consistently identified that low dose, sub-erythemal doses are more effective for vitamin D synthesis than doses close to a minimum erythema dose; increasing skin area exposed increases the amount of vitamin D synthesised although not necessarily in a linear manner; constant dosing leads to a dose-dependent plateau in 25OHD, and dose–response is greatest at the start of a dosing regime; there is a large interpersonal variation in response to UV exposure. Fourteen of the studies using artificial sources of radiation were used to determine a dose–response relationship for change in 25OHD on whole-body exposure to repeated sub-erythemal doses of UV radiation, taking the form Δ25OHD (nmol/L) = A ln(standard vitamin D dose) + B. This helps quantify our understanding of UV as a source of vitamin D and enables exposure regimes for safe synthesis of vitamin D to be assessed. Specific studies of people with pigmented skin (Fitzpatrick skin types 5 and 6) were rare, and this dose–response relationship is only applicable to white-skinned individuals as skin type is a determinant of response to UV radiation. Findings provide information for vitamin D guidance updates.
Serum anti-Müllerian hormone as a marker of ovarian reserve after cancer treatment and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in childhood: proposal for a systematic approach to gonadal assessment
Authors: Molinari Silvia , Parissone Francesca , Evasi Veronica , De Lorenzo Paola , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Cesaro Simone , Fraschini Donatella , Sangalli Roberta , Cacace Gianluca , Biondi Andrea , Balduzzi Adriana , Cattoni Alessandro
Published: September 2021

Objective

Female patients treated with alkylating agents in childhood are at risk for ovarian impairment. We aimed at describing the pattern of residual ovarian function in a cohort of survivors of hematological malignancies and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and assessing the relationship between cyclophosphamide equivalent dose (CED) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH).

Design and methods

Gonadal health was clinically and biochemically assessed in 124 post-menarchal survivors who underwent treatment for pediatric hematological malignancies and/or HSCT between 1992 and 2019.

Results

Overt 'premature ovarian insufficiency' (POI) was detected in 72.1 and 3.7% of transplanted and non-transplanted patients, respectively; milder 'diminished ovarian reserve' (DOR) in 16.3 and 22.2%. In non-transplanted patients, increasing CED values were associated with lower AMH-SDS (P = 0.04), with the threshold of 7200 g/m2 being the best discriminator between DOR/POI and normal ovarian function (AUC: 0.75 on ROC analysis) and with an observed decrease of 0.14 AMH-SDS for each CED increase of 1 g/m2. In addition, age at diagnosis ≥10 years played a detrimental role on ovarian reserve (P = 0.003). In the HSCT group, irradiation was associated with a statistically significant reduction in AMH-SDS (P = 0.04).

Conclusions

In non-transplanted patients, CED ≥ 7200 mg/m2 was associated with a DOR, while younger age at diagnosis played a protective role on ovarian reserve. As a result of the data collected, we propose a systematic algorithm to assess iatrogenic gonadal impairment in young female patients exposed to chemo-radiotherapy in childhood for hematological disorders.
Urinary androgens excretion patterns and prostate cancer in Mexican men
Authors: Ventura-Bahena Arianna , Hernández-Pérez Jesús Gibran , Torres-Sánchez Luisa , Sierra-Santoyo Adolfo , Escobar-Wilches Derly Constanza , Escamilla-Núñez Consuelo , Gómez Rocio , Rodríguez-Covarrubias Francisco , López-González Ma. de Lourdes , Figueroa Mario
Published: September 2021

Epidemiological studies related to androgens and prostate cancer (PC) have focused on serum determination of testosterone, androstenedione (A4), and DHEA, with inconsistent results. Herein, we hypothesized that differences in androgen biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, rather than differences in specific androgen concentrations, are associated with prostatic carcinogenesis. Therefore, spot urine samples from 111 incident PC cases with Gleason score at diagnosis and 227 healthy population controls, were analyzed. Urinary androgen concentrations (nanograms/milligrams of creatinine) were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Using a factor analysis, we identified three androgen urinary excretion patterns. In a subsample, we evaluated a modification effect of the androgen receptor (AR) CAG polymorphism. Pattern I, characterized by A4 and testosterone hydroxylated metabolites (11β-OHT; 2β-OHT; 15β-OHT; 2α-OHT; 6β-OHT), was associated with high PC odds among carriers of AR gene (CAG)>19 repeats (OR: 3.67 95% CI: 1.23–11.0; P for interaction= 0.009). Conversely, higher testosterone excretion (pattern III), was marginally associated with lower (OR: 0.35 95% CI: 0.12–1.00, P for trend= 0.08) poorly differentiated PC (Gleason ≥8). No clear association was observed with pattern II (DHEA; 16α and 16β-OHT). Our results were consistent with the previous evidence which suggests that the C11-oxy backdoor pathway is important for prostatic carcinogenesis. Androgen urine excretion analysis could be useful for PC diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis; however, further studies with a larger number of samples and the urinary determination of 11-ketoandrogens are necessary.
Українськість літературознавчих досліджень професора Олексія Чичеріна
Authors: Кравець Ярема
Published: September 2021

У статті говориться про українські літературознавчі зацікавлення професора, доктора філоло-гічних наук Олексія Чичеріна (1900–1989) у його окремих статтях, літературній критиці та наукових рецензіях. Метою статті є висвітлення важливіших епізодів прочитання та інтерпретації літературознавчої спадщини Івана Франка особливо щодо методології досліджень українського письменника та їхнього порівняльного аспекту. Дослідницька методика. У статті використовується системний підхід із застосуванням історико-літературознавчого, генетичного та порівняльного методів. На основі цих методів було з’ясовано прочитання О. Чичеріним творчості окремих французьких та російських письменників у критичних студіях Івана Франка, місце В. Шекспіра в українській літературі, новаторства Михайла Коцюбинського у жанрі «малої» прози. Результати. У дослідженні подано майже тридцятилітню історію зацікавлення ученого Франковим літературознавчим прочитанням творчості Е. Золя, Ф. Достоєв-ського, Г. Успенського зокрема у порівняльному аспекті, епізодичні згадки про видатніших представників класичної української літератури. Наукова новизна. Стаття є першою студією у вітчизняному літературознавстві про українськість у літературознавчій спадщині професора Олексія Чичеріна особливо там, де йдеться про творчість Миколи Гоголя, Тараса Шевченка, входження в українську культуру драматургії В. Шекспіра і творчості К.-Е. Францоза. Практична вартість. Стаття може стати підґрунтям для глибшого прочитання наукової спадщини відомого ученого-літературознавця, пізнання методології його наукових пошуків.
Análisis bibliométrico de la planeación de expansión de los Sistemas Eléctricos de Potencia
Authors: Romero Carrión Diego Paúl , Carrión Galarza Diego Francisco
Published: September 2021

Este artículo presenta un análisis bibliométrico sobre la planeación de la expansión de los sistemas eléctricos de potencia, tema de gran importancia debido al continuo crecimiento de la demanda eléctrica. Por tal motivo, los sistemas eléctricos de potencia deben ser diseñados y construidos para prever futuras expansiones mediante el ingreso de nuevas centrales de generación, líneas de transmisión y equipos compensadores. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación se considerará las palabras claves que permitirán encontrar artículos de la misma temática en bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science. Después se organizará esta información de acuerdo con los países, autores, número de citas y organizaciones para realizar una comparación de la información obtenida mediante VOSviewer para indagar criterios de aceptación. Al contar con los artículos seleccionados se realiza la matriz del Estado del Arte que brindará información sobre formulación, restricción, propuesta y solución al problema.
Spontaneous double alpha decay: First experimental limit and prospects of investigation
Authors:   Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Tretyak V.I.
Published: September 2021

Nuclear decays with simultaneous emission of two alpha particles are energetically possible for a number of nuclides. Prospects of searching for such kind of decay for nuclides present in the natural isotopic composition of elements are discussed here. The first experimental limit on half-life for 2α decay is set for 209Bi as T1/2 > 2.9·1020 y at 90 % C.L., using the data of work [P. de Marcillac et al. Nature 422 (2003) 876]. Theoretical T1/2 estimations for the process are also given. Using these values, which are on the level of 1033 y or more, one can conclude that the prospects of experimental observation of 2α decay are very pessimistic.
On the quantum anharmonic oscillator and Padé approximations
Authors:   M. M. Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Babenko V.A. , Petrov N.M.
Published: September 2021

For the quantum quartic anharmonic oscillator with the Hamiltonian H = (p2+x2)/2+λx4, which is one of the traditional quantum-mechanical and quantum-field-theory models, we study summation of its factorially divergent perturbation series by the proposed method of averaging of the corresponding Padé approximants. Thus, for the first time, we are able to construct the Padé-type approximations that possess correct asymptotic behaviour at infinity with a rise of the coupling constant λ. The approach gives very essential theoretical and applicatory-computational advantages in applications of the given method. We also study convergence of the applied approximations and calculate by the proposed method the ground state energy E0(λ) of the anharmonic oscillator for a wide range of variation of the coupling constant λ.
Effects of genomic instability in populations of Drosophilae melanogaster from regions of Ukraine with different radiation impact factors
Authors:   Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kravets A.P. , Sokolova D.A. , Kovalchuk N.L.
Published: September 2021

Differences in the gonadal dysgenesis frequency as an indicator of the activation of mobile elements were revealed in F1-descendants of natural populations of Drosophіla melanogaster, selected from regions of different radiation impact. Under conditions of additional low-rate chronic irradiation in laboratory conditions for 10 generations, significant differences in changes in the level and dynamics of this indicator were established depending on the accumulated dose of Drosophila populations from the city of Netishin (Khmelnytskyi NPP) and Magarach city.
Pre-sowing seeds stimulation by UV-C and X-ray irradiation on the content of antioxidants in inflorescence plants genotypes Matricia chammomila L.
Authors:   Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Zhuk V.V. , Kravets O.P. , Sokolova D.O. , Sakada V.I. , Glushchenko L.A. , Kuchuk M.V. ,   Research Station of Medicinal Plants, Institute of Agroecology and Nature Management, NAAS of Ukraine, Lubny, Ukraine
Published: September 2021

The differences in the dynamics of the flavonoids and phenols content in plants of eight genotypes of matricaria in the control and at presowing UV-C and X-ray irradiation of seeds were studied. Groups of genotypes by the stimulating effect on the content of antioxidants were determined mainly by UV-C irradiation, as well as groups with a significant increase in the content of antioxidants during X-ray irradiation have been identified. A high significant correlation (R = 0.84) between stimulation of flavonoid synthesis by X-ray irradiation and the level of these antioxidants in the control group is shown. Above average (R = 0.64), but insignificant, the correlation is observed between the level of flavonoids in UV-C stimulation and the level of these antioxidants in the control group. No correlation was found between the content of phenols in the control group and the increase of this indicator after irradiation.
Erratum to: "Comments on the article: O. M. Povoroznyk, O. K. Gorpinich. Experimental observation of neutron-neutron correlations in nucleus 6He from 3H(α, pα)nn reaction"
Authors:   Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine (retired), Struzhko B.G.
Published: September 2021

Original article: Yaderna Fizyka ta Energetyka (Nucl. Phys. At. Energy) 22(1) (2021) 111.
70-th anniversary of Vasyl Ivanovych Slisenko
Authors:   Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, KINR KINR
Published: September 2021

Brief biography and scientific achievements of Vasyl Ivanovych Slisenko in relation with his 70-th anniversary.
Disclosure of Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Across Sexual and Gender Identities
Authors: Burke Taylor A. , Bettis Alexandra H. , Barnicle Sierra C. , Wang Shirley B. , Fox Kathryn R.
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVES

Evidence suggests that sexual minority (SM) and gender minority (GM) youth are more likely to experience self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) than heterosexual and cisgender youth. A major barrier to identifying and treating SITBs is nondisclosure. In this study, we explored differences in SITB disclosure patterns between SM and GM youth and their heterosexual and cisgender peers. In this study, we further examined the association between discrimination experiences and SITB disclosure.

METHODS

Adolescents (N = 931) completed questionnaires assessing demographics, SITBs, disclosure history, disclosure barriers, future intentions to disclose SITBs, and discrimination history.

RESULTS

Few differences in SITB disclosure patterns emerged between SM and GM youth and heterosexual and cisgender youth (P > .05). SM and GM youth endorsed greater rates of fear of disclosure to and worrying parents, two parent-related barriers (χ22 = 8.11, P = .017; χ22 = 7.25, P = .027). GM youth reported greater discrimination experiences than SM youth (F = 6.17, P = .002); discrimination experiences impacted their willingness to disclose future SITBs more so than their SM and heterosexual and cisgender peers (F = 11.58, P < .001). Among the full sample, more discrimination experiences were associated with lower previous disclosure honesty to therapists and pediatricians (r = −0.09 to −0.10, P < .05). Among SM and GM youth, discrimination experiences were associated with lesser odds of disclosing suicide attempts in the future (r = −0.12, P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS

Minority stress experiences may interfere with SITB disclosure, particularly among GM youth. Targeted interventions should be considered to reduce minority stress and support disclosure.
[Traducción al español] Cambio estacional en el rendimiento aeróbico de jugadores jóvenes de fútbol
Authors: Diker Gürkan , Zileli Raif , Özkamçı Hüseyin , Ön Sadi
Published: September 2021

Los estudios longitudinales que evalúan el cambio estacional en la capacidad aeróbica de los jugadores de fútbol jóvenes de diferentes categorías de edad son limitados. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los cambios estacionales del nivel aeróbico de los jugadores de la academia juvenil de un equipo de fútbol profesional. Esta investigación se realizó con un total de 51 futbolistas de las categorías U14, U15, U16, U17 y U18 de un equipo de fútbol de élite. Las capacidades aeróbicas de los atletas se midieron mediante la prueba Yo-YoIRT 1. En los análisis, las evaluaciones de distribución normal de los datos se realizaron con la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk y las homogeneidades de varianza se probaron con la prueba de Levene. Se utilizó la prueba ANOVA de una vía para analizar todos los datos paramétricos; todas las evaluaciones estadísticas se realizaron con la ayuda del programa SPSS 21. De acuerdo con la prueba Yo-YoIRT 1, se determinaron aumentos y/o disminuciones en las evaluaciones de pretemporada, mitad de temporada y final de temporada. Como resultado, los sujetos de todas las categorías aumentaron significativamente al final de la temporada en comparación con la pretemporada y la temporada media. Los grupos de edad U14 y U16 lograron una aceleración creciente a partir de la pretemporada. Sin embargo, en los grupos de edad U15, U17, U18, la aceleración disminuye en la mitad de la temporada y aumenta al final de la temporada. Se cree que se pueden observar diferencias en las respuestas a las cargas de entrenamiento durante el crecimiento y la maduración. Se puede sugerir que el incremento al final de la temporada respecto a la pretemporada, en todos los grupos, puede deberse a que la adaptación de los deportistas a los programas de entrenamiento se ve afectada por las características del desarrollo en cuanto a las categorías de edad a lo largo del tiempo.
The effectiveness of the drug Neotrizol for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis as a component of the prevention of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors:   Kyiv City Clinical Oncology Center, Manzhura O.P. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Mayevskaya I.O. ,   MC LLC «MedLena», Kyiv
Published: September 2021

The objective: to assess the efficacy and safety of using the drug Neotrizol for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV) as a component of the prevention of CIN in women of reproductive age according to objective laboratory studies. Materials and methods. The Medical Center (MC) «MedLena» conducted a prospective short-term study from April 2019 to January 2020. It included 48 patients with a diagnosis of BV at the age of 20 to 46 years. All patients underwent laboratory diagnostics of BV and treatment for 8-16 days with Neotrizol (Organosin, India). We also used pH-metry of vaginal discharge, microscopy of the urogenital smear and patient questionnaires, colposcopy and PAP test. Results. According to the results of the study, there is an improvement in the state of the cervical epithelium after treatment. Thus, satisfactory results of colposcopy after using the drug Neotrizol were recorded in 100% of patients; aceto-white thin epithelium (characteristic of mild dysplasia and metaplasia) was observed in 37.5% of patients before treatment, and after - half as much - in 16.7% of patients; the number of treated women with a positive Schiller test increased by 27.1%. In total, 83.3% of women, after using the complex drug Neotrizol, had a normal colposcopic picture (45% of patients had an abnormal colposcopic picture before treatment). That is, an improvement in the condition of the epithelium was recorded in 38.3% of patients. After treatment, the pH-metry of vaginal discharge returned to normal in 86.8% of patients versus 4% before therapy, which confirms the high efficacy of Neotrizol in the treatment of BV, and also contributes to a significant reduction in the time of epithelialization in the event of a destructive effect on the cervix (excision, conization, etc.) etc.). Conclusion. It is advisable to use the drug Neotrizol (LLC Organosin) before destructive treatment of the cervix in order to accelerate healing and prevent relapse. It can be recommended for the safe and effective treatment of BV and, accordingly, for the prevention of CIN in women of reproductive age. Keywords: bacterial vaginosis, cervical intraepithelial neoplasias, treatment, prevention, women of reproductive age, Neotrizol.
The ways to ameliorate the efficiency of treatment for women with pelvic inflammatory disease
Authors:   Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Lakhno I.V. , Tkachov A.E. ,   City Perinatal Center of Kharkiv City Council, Grischenko O.V. ,   Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education
Published: September 2021

The inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs are known to be one of the important problems of modern gynecology, which is due to the high frequency of chronicity of the process and a large number of complications. The article provides a theoretical and practical substantiation of the use of the drugs Rheosorbilact and Grandazol to increase the efficacy of empirical therapy in patients with acute salpingo-oophoritis. The objective: study of the effectiveness of the use of hyperosmolar combined solution of sorbitol with a balanced content of electrolytes for low-volume infusion therapy (Rheosorbilact) and a solution of levofloxacin 2.5 mg and ornidazole 5 mg (Grandazole) in the treatment of women with acute PID. Materials and methods. Totally 98 women of reproductive age were examined and divided into three clinical groups. The I (control) group included 30 healthy women. In group II (comparison), 33 patients with acute bilateral adnexitis were included, who were prescribed traditional treatment. In group III (main) group, there were 35 women who were additionally prescribed Rheosorbilact and Grandazole was used as an antibacterial agent. Results. A survey of women with acute bilateral adnexitis found that among all clinical characteristics the most common were: lower abdominal pain (89.7%), abnormal vaginal discharge (88.2%), and fever (83.8%). The variables of the level of C-reactive protein, the number of leukocytes, and the value of the resistance index in the ovarian arteries were elevated in the study population before treatment, respectively: 52.4±8.3 mg/l, 11.8±2.2×109/l, 1.4±0.2, which differed from the control values (p<0.05). The study of the pseudo-R2 Nagelkerke confirmed the relationship between increased resistance index and lower abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal discharge and fever with high sensitivity (88,2%) and insufficient specificity (60.4%). Thus, in women with acute salpingo-oophoritis, the presence of inflammatory symptoms (even in the absence of Doppler data) is an indication for the use of infusions of vasotrophic drugs with the hemorheological action.The priority effect of this method of treatment was the optimization of hemodynamics in the large vessels of the small pelvis, which provided the effective delivery and accumulation of antibacterial drugs in the inflammation focus. Conclusion. The specified combination of drugs Rheosorbilact and Grandazole has demonstrated the maximum clinical effect, which justifies the possibility of widespread use of this method of therapy. Keywords: inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, Doppler ultrasound, treatment, Rheosorbilact, Grandazole.
Assessment of quality of life after hysterectomy with uterine myoma
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Ventskivska I. , Proshchenko О. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Vitovsky Ya. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Markitanyuk S. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2021

Hysterectomy, performed in reproductive age, undoubtedly causes a decrease in all parameters of quality of life and contributes to the development of imbalance of hormonal homeostasis, psycho-emotional, vegetative-neurotic symptoms, increasing sexual and urogenital dysfunction, impeding psycho-social adaptation in the family,the professional and intellectual spheres of a woman’s life. This aspect is often overlooked by surgeons when evaluating the effectiveness of treatment, although it has a significant impact on recovery from surgery. The article presents data on experimental psychological research, evaluation of the severity of urogenital dysfunction using a standardized POP-Q system, characteristics of quality of life parameters both at the stage of preoperative observation and within 1, 3 and 5 years after surgery in 80 women of reproductive age with uterine fibroids who have undergone vaginal hysterectomy. The comparison group included 60 patients with hysterectomy performed by abdominal access. According to the results of this study, in women of reproductive age after radical surgery for fibroids, it was determined that the leading violations of quality of life after hysterectomy are general somatic symptoms, psycho-emotional disorders, genitourinary and sexual disorders. Radical operations for uterine fibroids cause an increase in the proportion of urogenital disorders, among which the most important are urinary incontinence and prolapse, the clinical manifestations of which have a negative impact on, including the psychosocial sphere, while reducing quality of life. Today there is no consensus on the degree of impact of radical surgery for uterine fibroids on the versatility of metabolic and hormonal homeostasis, the formation of psychovegetative symptom complex, and as a consequence, the impact on quality of life, which necessitates a validated method of quality of life optimization of the rehabilitation program with personalized consideration of the leading factors of status comorbidity when planning surgical treatment. Keywords: uterine fibroids, hysterectomy, quality of life parameters.
Certain clinical and paraclinical markers of sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction in newborn
Authors:   Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Koloskova О.К. , Kretsu N.M. ,   Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Bilous T.M. ,   Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
Published: September 2021

The problem of neonatal sepsis continues to be one of the leading places in neonatal practice. The issues of early diagnostics of cardiovascular disorders in neonates with sepsis by means of up-to-date methods of examination remain relevant. They can be used as screening methods with the purpose to verify possible development of cardiovascular dysfunction. Purpose — to study the meaning of certain clinical and paraclinical markers of myocardial dysfunction in neonates with sepsis. Materials and methods. In order to realize the objective we have observed 69 neonates with signs of generalized infectious-inflammatory process. Group I (32 patients — 46,4%) included neonates with the term of gestation 37–42 weeks, group II included 37 preterm neonates (53,6%) with the term of gestation under 36 week inclusive. Results. It was found that in mothers who gave birth prematurely, compared to mothers of newborns of group I, premature rupture of membranes occurred more often, but 1.5 times less often — indications of infectious diseases of the genitourinary system of the pregnant woman. Generalized infectious-inflammatory process during the neonatal period of term infants is accompanied by electrocardiographic signs of left ventricular overload associated with female sex (r=0,30), delivery by cesarean section (r=0,27), and assessment of neonatal condition by a 5=minute Apgar score (r=-0,33). Conclusions. Increased values of lactate dehydrogenase activity in the blood serum of both term and preterm neonates are associated with left ventricular over-load in the term ones, and right ventricular overload in the preterm infants. Changes found in electrophysiological heart activity promote the necessity of a routine use of electrocardiography in neonates with signs of septic process. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: neonatal sepsis; myocardial dysfunction.
Features of pathogenesis of itch and anti0itch therapy in children with allergic dermatosis (literature review)
Authors:   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Mochulska O.M.
Published: September 2021

Allergic dermatoses are allergic skin diseases, the most common of which are: simple and allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, various forms of eczema, acute and chronic allergic urticaria, Quincke's edema, toxicodermias, multiforme exudative erythema (Stevens–Johnson syndrome), acute epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome). The clinical course of all allergic dermatoses is accompanied by itch, although its severity varies depending on the nosology. An important focus of treatment of allergic dermatoses is to control of skin itch, as it is the leading symptom. According to the international program documents EAACI (European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology), AAAAI (American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology), PRACТALL (Practical Allergology Consensus Report) in treatment of allergic dermatoses the leading place takes anti-itch therapy, which requires an individual approach and daily care of skin. Systemic anti-itch therapy includes using of the following drugs: antihistamines, glucocorticosteroids, membrane's stabilizators (kromons), leukotriene receptor antagonists, anti-IgE. External anti-itch therapy consists of local application of emollients, topical glucocorticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, topical anti-histamines, reparants and epithelializing medications. Purpose — to increase knowledge about features of etiopathogenetically-based anti-itch therapy of allergic dermatoses in children. Conclusions. Treatment of itch of allergic dermatoses is diverse, complex and multi-stage, requires an individual approach to each patient, and includes: environmental control to eliminate allergenic and non-allergenic factors, systemic and local pharmacotherapy, skin care. Modern anti-itch therapy of allergic dermatoses should be etiopathogenetic and affect on local and system mechanisms of allergic inflammation with itch, it should be differentiated according to the stage of the disease, the phase of inflammation and the severity of skin manifestations and to be based on the rational use of drugs. No conflict of interest was declared by the author. Key words: children, allergy, allergic dermatoses, itch, anti-itch therapy.