bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rural Livelihood Diversification and its Effects on Household Food Security: A Case Study at Damota Gale Woreda, Wolayta, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Robaa Bereket , Tolossa Degefa
Published: April 2016

This research aimed at identifying the major livelihood diversification activities, reasons for diversification and the main challenges of livelihood diversification and assessing the effect of livelihood diversification on food security at household level. A blended approach that involved quantitative and qualitative research methods was used. Quantitative data were collected through household survey using questionnaire, while focus group discussions, key informant interview and direct observation were used to generate the relevant qualitative data. The data were analysed using appropriate methods and the results revealed that the insufficient endowment of households with the major livelihood assets (the tiny landholding being the prominent one) hampered their efforts to produce sufficient food for their household requirement. Diversification was widespread in the study area and it was the poor and the destitute households who diversified their livelihood most. The research also found out that livelihood diversification, despite its being taken up as a food security strategy mostly by the poor and the destitute who have limited access to livelihood assets, could not enable the households to feel food secure.
Introduction : Haïti par-delà les commémorations
Authors: Desormeaux Daniel
Published: April 2016

Any survey of recent publications in Haitian Studies would reveal the narrow scope of the critical approach that tends to focus on a handful key themes. The desire to commemorate certain historical events also seems to help bury the very fabric of the field under layers of interpretations and theoretical speculations with disparate interests. This introduction calls for other forms of approach, new initiatives, and interpretative adventures that are free of any ideological docility and hermeneutical constraints. It summarizes how the special issue represents different ways to unearth rare archives and showcases unique connections between original documents on Haiti more often cited than actually read.
Westslope Cutthroat Trout Mortality Following Detoxification of Rotenone with Potassium Permanganate
Authors: Chaney Maria L. , Schoenebeck Casey W.
Published: April 2016

The westslope cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi , has experienced substantial declines across its historic range. Natural resource managers have actively worked to restore populations using piscicide treatments to remove competing non-native trout prior to repatriation of the species. Rotenone is commonly employed as a piscicide treatment in streams, followed by the application of potassium permanganate to detoxify rotenone so as not to adversely affect native trout that may inhabit downstream areas. However, at certain concentrations potassium permanganate can also cause trout mortality. We placed five westslope cutthroat trout in each of four live carriers within a potassium permanganate detoxification zone to determine if and when in situ levels of potassium permanganate resulted in trout mortality. After application of potassium permanganate, we monitored its concentration and trout mortality in the carriers every hour for five hours. Westslope cutthroat trout mortality was 100% after five hours of exposure, with a mean potassium permanganate concentration of 2.96 ± 0.19 (SE) mg/L over the duration of the experiment. Our results suggest that for treatment times of five hours, residual potassium permanganate concentrations should be below 2.96 mg/L for westslope cutthroat trout to survive downstream of rotenone treatments in a detoxification zone.
Compliant Trust: The Public Good and Democracy in the ALA’s “Core Values of Librarianship”
Authors: Seale Maura
Published: April 2016

This paper will consider the Core Values of The Public Good and Democracy as articulated in the American Library Association’s “Core Values of Librarianship” (2004) and its affiliated documents in conjunction with the ways in which these two Core Values are deployed in library discourse around the Ferguson (Missouri) Public Library, particularly during the last four months of 2014. Both the ALA’s Core Values document and library discourse around Ferguson heavily rely upon liberalism in regard to power and conflict, subjectivity and equality, and capitalism. This reliance results in a vision of librarianship and an understanding of the Ferguson Public Library that are completely decoupled from political, economic, social, and historical contexts. This decontextualized discourse fits seamlessly within neoliberal ideology and is ultimately antidemocratic.
Valuing Professionalism: Discourse as Professional Practice
Authors: Drabinski Emily
Published: April 2016

In the American Library Association’s “Core Values of Librarianship” (2004), Professionalism is listed as one of the Core Values, but its meaning is not settled. Framed alternately as an incomplete achievement of professional traits or a process of identity creation, the professional status of librarianship has been subject to debate since the field began to take its contemporary form in 1876. Understanding Professionalism as a discursive response to an urgent present can enable the field to locate the value of that status outside of the workplace hierarchies that professionalization inevitably produces.
John Ashbery’s Inoperative Poetics
Authors: Sverjensky Tatiana
Published: April 2016

This essay examines Ashbery’s poetic disengagement from politics in the 1970s alongside strategic questions about productivism and the refusal to work that were emerging at the same time in anti-capitalist circles. I show that Ashbery’s refusal to be “political” in a conventional sense has significant socioeconomic import, insofar as his poetics resists the economic value of productivity that requires all aspects of subjective experience to be subject to teleological notions of time and progress. Ashbery instead develops a poetic temporality that embraces “standing still,” drawing on the lyric poem’s capacity to capture a short moment out of the linear narrative of everyday life. The mechanisms of poetic language in Ashbery’s writing, I argue, are intended to activate a form of personal self-realization that would enable broader political transformation. At stake in Ashbery’s endorsement of aestheticized non-participation, then, is the question of what constitutes effective resistance to capitalist production.
“La vida es el honor y el recuerdo” : Oscar Zeta Acosta’s Paratextual Struggle for Survival
Authors: Fagan Allison
Published: April 2016

This essay explores the publishing history surrounding Oscar Zeta Acosta’s The Revolt of the Cockroach People (1973) by examining two key paratextual elements: the introduction to the 1989 reprint edition, supplied by Hunter S. Thompson, and the illustrated cockroaches inserted throughout the narrative by Straight Arrow Books designer Jon Goodchild. It examines Acosta’s tandem efforts to employ and destabilize the singular identity at the heart of Chicano nationalism through the figure of the cockroach, and it suggests that such strategic essentialism is also at the heart of the publishing process. This essay argues that Acosta combatively collaborates with his friends and publishers in order to ensure literary survival.
Crafting the Volunteer: Voluntary Associations and the Reformation of Sociality
Authors: Rozakou Katerina
Published: April 2016

Narratives of volunteerism and civil society that emerged in Greece in the beginning of the twenty-first century echoed the modernization and Europeanization visions of Greek society that were proliferating in that era. Public discourses as well as state and EU policies endorsed a model of sociality that included volunteerism and was associated with the production of the new European and Greek citizen. Forms of public sociality, such as voluntary associations, thus constituted laboratories that produced subjects. The reformation of sociality and the invention of volunteerism were embedded in various civilizing projects. At the same time, a certain “lack of volunteerism” was broadly attributed to a general understanding of Greek particularity. This article proposes an alternate perspective that considers new and older forms of public sociality in relation to their cultural formation, where the flourishing of solidarity initiatives in contemporary crisis-ridden Greece is not considered a paradox, but rather the expression of the reconfiguration of the social and its potent political content.
Life and Death in the Second Person: Identification, Empathy, and Antipathy in the Adventure Gamebook
Authors: Wake Paul
Published: April 2016

This essay argues that the second-person address of the interactive adventure gamebook generates a mode of identification between reader (player) and character that functions not through immersion or presence but through an estranging logic that arises from the particular affordances of the print form. It begins by situating the gamebook, an influential but short-lived genre that enjoyed its heyday in the 1980s and early 1990s, in relation to other forms of second-person narrative as well as Interactive Fiction and video games, before turning to a consideration of the points at which the forms diverge. Taking Steve Jackson and Ian Livingstone’s The Warlock of Firetop Mountain (1982) as its example, the essay then examines the ways in which the gamebook’s highly-demanding print form undermines notions of transparency, arguing that identification with the gamebook you is specific to, and reliant upon, the material properties of the print text.
Humanities and Social Sciences Books of Ten National Disciplinary Associations, 2000–2009
Authors: Wiberley Stephen E.
Published: April 2016

Books are the most important medium of communication in the humanities, a major medium in the social sciences, and a central component of academic library collections. This study examined humanities and social sciences books that won prizes from ten leading United States disciplinary associations between 2000 and 2009. The study extends earlier research for the 1990s. It reports substantial interest by most disciplines in books about subjects classified in other disciplines; dominance of university presses over commercial publishers in prizes won; and, between 2012 and 2014, great growth in library holdings of electronic versions of prizewinners.
Toward the Resistant Reading of Information: Google, Resistant Spectatorship, and Critical Information Literacy
Authors: Tewell Eamon
Published: April 2016

The theory of resistant spectatorship posits that individuals interacting with media and information may have the agency or power to oppose, reject, or reassemble the message they encounter instead of passively accepting it. This study puts resistant spectatorship in conversation with information literacy and critiques one example of a dominant information discovery system, Google Search, from a “resistant” position. Additionally, this study argues that, within academic libraries, the practice of critical information literacy, a pedagogical approach aligned with the concept of resistant spectatorship, is an ideal mode for encouraging students to become resistant readers of information in its increasingly corporate-mediated forms.
Feats and Feasts: The Valorization of Sir Gareth of Orkney’s “Grete Laboure”
Authors: Martin Carl Grey
Published: April 2016

In the late fifteenth century, when persistent political strife had dimmed the aura of the English warrior aristocrat and when non-nobles reshaped the discourses of power, Sir Thomas Malory reaffirmed chivalric society in a bold way. In his Tale of Gareth the Arthurian synthesizer closely aligned knightly worshyp with that same manual work—burden and mark of the peasant—traditionally juxtaposed to the noble lifestyle. There the young Sir Gareth of Orkney rejects aristocratic entitlement and parasitism, and his social advance carefully pairs martial laboure with the needful, Rabelaisian replenishment served by a good appetite.
Container Aesthetics: The Infrastructural Politics of Shunt’s The Boy Who Climbed Out of His Face
Authors: Boyle Michael Shane
Published: April 2016

Much has been written on representations of shipping containers in film and visual art. this study of shunt’s The Boy Who Climbed Out of His Face (2014) builds on such scholarship, but specifically responds to the emergence of container aesthetics in contemporary performance. As a recent example of artists retooling shipping containers into performance space, london-based shunt’s immersive theatre tour is just one instance of an overlooked infrastructural aesthetic that proliferates in contemporary art in which containers are used as the actual structure for housing art. With The Boy Who Climbed Out of His Face as its starting point, this essay develops a method for examining the infrastructural politics of container aesthetics today, one that attends to both the politics of representing containers in performance as well as the stakes of transforming containers into aesthetic material. What geopolitical and historical conditions must first conspire to allow artists to repurpose a linchpin of international trade like the shipping container into the physical infrastructure for performance? And what can shunt’s container aesthetics reveal about the enmeshment of contemporary performance in the urban and transnational infrastructures of global capital?
Reconsidering “the American Style”: Black Performers and Black Music in Streetcar and Cat
Authors: McGinley Paige A.
Published: April 2016

This essay explores the contributions of black performers and black music in two landmark collaborations among playwright tennessee Williams, director Elia Kazan, and designer Jo Mielziner: the 1947 premiere of A Streetcar Named Desire , and the 1955 premiere of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof . With his strong directorial hand, Kazan amplified the black presence in both plays and used both black actors and black music to navigate the realistic and expressionistic registers of each play’s performance. Alternately acting as a realistic sociological frame, a nostalgic evocation of a nearly lost past, an expression of forbidden desire, and as a social and political conscience, blackness served as the bond that held these “unstable compounds” together onstage. by foregrounding the crucial role that black performers and black music played in these milestone productions, I suggest a broader reconsideration of “the American style,” of which these premieres are hailed as representative.
A “duty” to “tabulate and record”: Emma Hardinge Britten as Periodical Editor and Spiritualist Historian
Authors: Youngkin Molly
Published: April 2016

Critics interested in Emma Hardinge Britten have acknowledged her status as the primary historian of the spiritualist movement via her 1870 book publication, Modern American Spiritualism . I argue that Britten’s periodicals—the American-based Western Star (1872) and British-based Two Worlds (1887–92) and Unseen Universe (1892–93)—were also central to her effort to market herself as spiritualist historian. By publishing historical serials drawn from larger projects she was working on, Britten not only provided an alternative history to combat criticism from spiritualism’s competitors but also established a space for herself in a tradition dominated primarily by men.
Finding a Transatlantic Audience: Reading Dinah Mulock Craik’s Mistress and Maid in Good Words and Harper’s Magazine
Authors: Bourrier Karen
Published: April 2016

While scholars have long assumed that success came to bestselling novelist Dinah Craik with the publication of John Halifax, Gentleman in 1856, this article uses new archival evidence to show that the watershed moment of her career was actually the publication of a lesser-known novel, Mistress and Maid (1862), in serial form on both sides of the Atlantic. Craik developed a long and lucrative relationship with one of the new illustrated family magazines, Good Words , in Great Britain, and with Harper’s Magazine in the United States. The emphasis of Mistress and Maid underwent a subtle thematic shift in these two national contexts, foregrounding the Christian value of women’s labor in Good Words and the significance of class-based aspirations in Harper’s .
Marion Bernstein and the Glasgow Weekly Mail in the 1870s
Authors: Cohen Edward H. , Fertig Anne R.
Published: April 2016

Marion Bernstein (1846–1906) was a prolific poet active in Glasgow during the late nineteenth century. The verses she published in the Glasgow Weekly Mail were often composed in response to contemporary events reported in the paper, and many of these works reveal her concern for social, economic, and political issues. In her poems and interactions within the paper’s poetry column, she established a reputation as a champion of women’s emancipation and human rights. This essay traces the relationship between Bernstein and the Glasgow Weekly Mail in the 1870s and examines how she established her agency and identity in its pages.
Louise Labé and Semiramis: A Feminist Reading
Authors: Rugg Brown Phyllis
Published: April 2016

The example of Semiramis in Louise Labé's first elegy reverses misogynistic trends current throughout the Middle Ages and Renaissance by emphasizing Semiramis' earlier reputation as a great warrior and builder and re-contextualizing her reputation for incest andsexual excess. Thus a poem ostensibly about the power of love, in a literary genre conventionally participating in the subordination or silencing of women, celebrates the power of poetry to transform history, giving women a place in the center.
Irigaray and the Rhythm of Two
Authors: Martin Alison
Published: April 2016

This article offers a general discussion of Irigaray's notion of sexual difference, with particular reference to her most recent work. It argues that having undertaken a critique of patriarchy as a metaphysics that appropriates all to 'le même,' Irigaray emphasises in her recent work her rejection of 'le multiple' as a beyond of metaphysics through her elaboration of a two rhythms philosophy. To do so she turns to Hegel and employs a dialectical model to reconstruct identity as two, which enables her to continue the feminist project and to envisage a democratic politics whereby citizenship is constituted according to gender.
Uncommon Ground in Gabrielle Roy's "Un Jardin au bout du monde"
Authors: Madigan M. Kathleen
Published: April 2016

An examination of the way that the characters of Roy 's short story Un Jardin au bout du monde interact with their environment reveals fundamental attitudes of characters and highlights changes in their way of thinking. A step towards rapprochement between the two main characters is illustrated through the image of Stépan protecting flowers, which unexpectedly links him with Martha, her garden and her hope.
"Une voyageuse derrière la vitre: Simone de Beauvoir en Amérique"
Authors: Gabaude Florence
Published: April 2016

De janvier à mai 1947, Simone de Beauvoir séjourna aux Etats-Unis, voyage dont elle fit le récit dans L'Amérique au jour le jour . Cet essai s'attache à mettre en lumière le rapport qui existe entre l'espace du voyage et la perception changeante que Beauvoir-voyageuse a d'elle-même et des divers lieux qu'elle découvre au cours de son grand tour. L'analyse s'appuie sur certains écrits théoriques relatifs à l'espace et à l'identité, ceux de Michel de Certeau en particulier.
Giraudox's Salvific Heroine: Protofeminist or Housewife?
Authors: Korzeniowska Victoria B.
Published: April 2016

This article examines the characteristics and ambiguities of the Giralducian salvific heroine in Giraudoux's little-known theoretical work about women, La Française et la France , and in Bella and La Guerre de Troie n'aura pas lieu . It seeks to ascertain whether Giralducian heroines are proposed as protofeminists or as traditional images of womanhood and whether it is appropriate to consider Giraudoux as a feminist sympathiser.
Vie et mort d'une cité de femmes ou le sursis par l'écriture chez Jacqueline Harpman
Authors: Paque Jeannine
Published: April 2016

Utopie et espace Zéro: avec Moi qui n'ai pas connu les hommes , Jacqueline Harpman sublime en désir l'accommodement au non-sens et dote l'inhumaine solitude des pouvoirs de l'écriture et de la communication à un improbable lecteur.
Duras and Colette: Love, Performance and Identity
Authors: Best Victoria
Published: April 2016

This article explores within a psychoanalytic framework how gender identity is transformed in the love relationship as represented in Le Ravissement de Lol V.Stein and L'Amant by Marguerite Duras and Colette's Chéri and La Fin de Chéri , and questions through these texts whether it is possible to rethink the terms of this relationship so that love no longer constitutes a major threat to subjectivity.
Aux origines du discours féminin sur l'amitié .... Marguerite de Navarre, La Coche (1541)
Authors: Winn Collette H.
Published: April 2016

Les Anciens avaient célébré les amitiés viriles. A la Renaissance, alors que l'on redécouvre le culte de l'amitié par les Anciens grâce aux premières traductions françaises des grands traités de l'amitié (le Lysis de Platon, le Laelius de Cicéron, le Toxaris de Lucien), on persiste à croire que l'amitié (et par conséquent le droit d'en parler) est réservée aux hommes. C'est avec l'apparition des amours d'alliance—une pratique mise à la mode par le néo-platonisme qui se répandit rapidement dans les milieux aristocratiques grâce à la soeur de François 1er— autrement dit avec l'entrée des femmes en amitié que le discours féminin sur l'amitié va prendre forme. Marguerite de Navarre est la première femme à véritablement écrire sur l'amitié. Elle y a consacré un long poème La Coche , paru en 1541. Cette étude veut montrer le rôle essentiel que Marguerite de Navarre joua dans le débat sur l'amitié et la Querelle des femmes. Elle cherche à définir sa conception de l'amitié, ses sources d'inspiration et la place accordée à l'amitié féminine dans l'activité créatrice.
P. S.: Passion simple as Postscript
Authors: Viti Elizabeth Richardson
Published: April 2016

This essay examines Annie Ernaux's sixth text as one which passes in review her previous work in order to rectify the gender inequities of each. Indeed, focusing solely on a love affair, this brief work uses sexuality, which has always been for the author a powerful means by which to understand herself and the world around her, for a settling of accounts. Thus, Passion simple is not only an epistemological tool for the investigation of the female libido but ultimately becomes a text of liberation as well in which the narrator assumes a value she once saw only in men.
Marion's Merry Resistance: Implications of Theatralization in Adam de la Halle's Le Jeu de Robin et Marion
Authors: Smith Geri L.
Published: April 2016

In Le Jeu de Robin et Marion , Adam de la Halle transforms the lyric pastourelle into theater. As a result of the material and temporal immediacy of theater, the primary feminine character gains a new type of power with respect to her fellow protagonists, the spectator, and the writer himself.
Contradictory Demands and Illusory Compliance: Women's Masks in Molière
Authors: Finn Thomas P.
Published: April 2016

While the Age of Absolutism is often characterized as a period of strong, centralized power, we can just as frequently observe dynamic examples of contestation and resistance. The heroines of Molière's La Princesse d'Elide and Le Misanthrope adopt the mask of the "unattainable maiden" to remain single, frustrating a collectivity that seeks to make them dependent on men through marriage. My analysis will show that the masks, although created by the women, are held in place with the complicity of the same communities of suitors that insist they be wed.
Création littéraire ou l'esthétique scudérienne du fragment: De la Dissimulation et de la Sincérité .
Authors: Ganne-Schiermeier Marie-Cécile
Published: April 2016

En envisageant la littérarité d'une conversation intitulée De la Sincérité et de la Dissimulation , nous montrerons comment Scudéry use du genre de la conversation, très prisé à son époque, non seulement pour formuler une réflexion complexe sur la notion de sincérité et de dissimulation dans le contexte social et politique de son temps, mais aussi dans la mesure où ces deux concepts problématisent ses orientations esthétiques, au moment où elle se tourne, vers la fin de sa carrière, vers la forme fragmentaire de la conversation et abandonne le roman.
Une Sénégalaise avec une âme antillaise: Myriam Warner-Vieyra
Authors: Aas-Rouxparis Nicole
Published: April 2016

Myriam Warner-Vieyra explique son art et sa vision en tant que "Sénégalaise à l'âme antillaise". Le regard qu'elle jette sur la société se module sur ses enracinements successifs en Guadeloupe, à Paris, puis au Sénégal où elle habite depuis 38 ans. Si l'auteur refuse toute correspondance directe entre son oeuvre et sa biographie, elle admet qu'étant elle-même plus sensible à la détresse qu'au bonheur des gens qui l'entourent, elle crée souvent des personnages féminins eux-mêmes en détresse. Cependant les nombreuses "femmes échouées" qui hantent l'espace de son oeuvre sont en fait toujours en quête d'ancrage et d'avenir. La trajectoire dessinée par chacune s'insère dans un schéma qui partant du non-récupérable peut atteindre le récupérable voire le victorieux. Si Juletane, de Juletane , est condamnée à rester étrangère partout, Hélène survit grâce à elle. Suzie, du Quimboiseur l'avait dit , est récupérée par ses propres racines — par la médiation du rêve. Le personnage féminin le plus victorieux, selon l'auteur, est sans aucun doute Mambo, héroïne de la nouvelle "Premier Prix" du recueil, Femmes échouées , car celle-ci ne doute jamais de son avenir.
Olympe de Gouges, anti-esclavagiste et non-violente
Authors: Masson Catherine
Published: April 2016

L'ensemble des textes à la périphérie de L'Esclavage des Noirs d'Olympe de Gouges, montre que ce drame est ancré dans la tempête des événements historiques. Une analyse de ces textes, précédée d'une étude de l'évolution de la pièce dans le contexte précis des événements historiques, permet de réévaluer les ambiguïtés qui ont été notées et commentées par les critiques, et donc, de repenser aux causes de celles-ci. Il devient alors possible de voir ce qu'il en est de la « modération » d'Olympe de Gouges et comment elle tente de réconcilier son idéal de justice et d'égalité pour tous en n'envisageant cette libération que dans la non-violence.
Golden Silence: Calelhon's Voice
Authors: Parayre Catherine
Published: April 2016

A little-known author who chose to write in Occitan, the traditional language of southern France, Calelhon (1892-1981) conducted an intriguing reflection on agency and memory. Blending gender and regional issues, in particular through the two motifs of spinning thread and boiling bones, her texts include frequent scenes in which women use silence as an effective strategy in order to maintain the social cohesion of their community. In fact, in Calelhon's texts, women transform oppressive silence into a creative tool that allows them to preserve their endangered language from extinction.
Epiphanies: The Narrative Effect of the Woman's Spying Gaze in Lafayette's Princesse de Clèves and Tencin's Mémoires du Comte de Comminge
Authors: Kelley Diane Duffrin
Published: April 2016

This article demonstrates that the woman's spying gaze in Lafayette's Princesse de Clèves and Tencin's Mémoires du Comte de Comminge has a different narrative function from that ofthe conventional male hero in the novel of the turn of the eighteenth century. While the man's gaze serves to satisfy his desires and move the plot along in a linear trajectory, when the woman spies in these two works, what she sees leads her to experience an epiphany, a moment of self-knowledge that radically changes the direction of the plot. The epiphanies experienced by the Princesse and Adélaüde help explain the unconventional "unhappy" endings of these two works.
Bonheur et intimité dans quatre romans d'Isabelle de Charrière
Authors: Tremblay Isabelle
Published: April 2016

L'écriture romanesque de Belle de Zuylen, qui s'interroge sur les conditions de possibilité d'un bonheur féminin, débouche sur la mise en évidence des obstacles rencontrés par les personnages féminins dans leur quête du bonheur et sur les éventuelles solutions de rechange. Les tensions entre la sphère privée et l'identité individuelle féminine se concilient dans l'intimité. Celle-ci serait donc le lieu de la construction du bonheur à condition que les héroïnes respectent les convenances de l'ordre établi et demeurent cachées. Déchirés entre les exigences contradictoires de leur maintien forcé dans la sphère privée et de la reconnaissance sociale qui fonde l'identité, les personnages féminins, contraints à n'exister que pour eux-mêmes, mènent une marche difficile vers le bonheur.
Et ce fut tout : Vendredi soir d'Emmanuéle Bernheim
Authors: Assa Sonia
Published: April 2016

L'importance sémiologique du corps dans l'écriture romanesque des femmes constitue l'un des développements les plus frappants de l'histoire littéraire récente. Emmanuèle Bernheim, comme plusieurs autres romancières de sa génération, n'hésite pas à représenter le désir féminin comme le principe même de ses narrations. Inversant le modèle traditionnel, elle donne à ses protagonistes le rôle de sujet parlant et désirant tandis que l'objet masculin de leur désir reste fondamentalement opaque. Mon propos sera d'analyser Vendredi soir comme cas exemplaire de conjonction entre une écriture minimaliste qui pratique l'art du moindre et le genre de la "fiction du désir". Son roman part et parle du corps. Procédant par la filature de séquences qui montrent de petits détails concrets significatifs, Bernheim nous donne une représentation très précise des désirs et pensées d'une femme au cours d'une nuit qui constitue une sorte de parenthèse magique, un temps d'arrêt, un en dehors-du-temps dans sa vie — le temps de l'Aventure .
Reframing the Void: The Cinematographic Aesthetic of Marguerite Duras's Autobiographical Novels
Authors: Johnson Erica L.
Published: April 2016

Both a filmmaker and writer, Marguerite Duras imbues her literary works with a notably cinematographic aesthetic. L'Amant , the second and most celebrated of Duras's trio of autobiographical novels about her childhood in French colonial Indochina, is a vividly visual text in its voyeurism, its examination of the colonial gaze, and its presentation of the autobiographical subject through a series of photographs, several of which are "real" and one non-existent. Duras's use of ekphrastic photographs and cinematic scenes serves to decenter, mask, and absent the autobiographical subject insofar as she makes a clean break between image and referent in both cases. Thus, when Jean-Jacques Annaud attempted to suture this break in his film version of L'Amant (1991), he compelled Duras to articulate her aesthetic in even stronger visual terms by rewriting L'Amant yet again in the form of her final novel, L'Amant de la Chine du Nord . This novel proclaims itself "un livre... un film," and remarks on the ways in which the characters are presented as "plus 'pour le cinema' que [ceux] du livre [ L'Amant ]." The essay examines the relationship between Duras's last two autobiographical novels and Annaud's film to reveal the ways in which Duras textualizes photographic and cinematographic images not as a means of fixing an image, but as a means of casting it into the interpretive interregnum of visual and written textuality. In trying to present a singular visual image of Duras's self-portrait in his film, Annaud sparked a battle between his biographical vision and the author's autobiographical vision, as well as Duras's need to splinter the film's images by writing her own cinematographic account of L'Amant . In her final novel, then, Duras hones her visual aesthetic and displaces the autobiographical referent in her use of multiple, unfixed, and even inaccessible sites of subjectivity.
La Mère antillaise: Ouverture ou obstacle à la créolité ?
Authors: Herbeck Mariah Devereux
Published: April 2016

La mère antillaise empêche-t-elle ou encourage-t-elle « la totale acceptation » de la créolité ? Dans Eloge de la Créolité (1989), Jean Bernabé, Patrick Chamoiseau et Raphaël Confiant citent et rendent hommage aux grands auteurs antillais bien connus — dont Aimé Césaire et Edouard Glissant — et identifient « les auteurs créoles » dont ils font partie comme des « fils antillais », voire des « fils d'Aimé Césaire » ( EC 18). Or, à la suite d'une lecture approfondie du manifeste, force est de remarquer l'absence frappante de figures féminines positives — qu'elles soient « filles » ou « mères » — et ce en dépit du fait qu'une écrivaine semble adhérer à plusieurs paramètres de la Créolité tels qu'ils sont définis dans Eloge de la Créolité : Simone Schwarz-Bart. D'une part, cette analyse visera à montrer comment un roman de celle-ci, Pluie et vent sur Télumée Miracle , peut être lu comme un texte avant-coureur de la créolité selon les critères exposés par les auteurs d' Eloge de la Créolité . D'autre part, seront étudiées en fonction de la présentation des figures maternelles dans les deux textes les raisons pour lesquelles Bernabé, Chamoiseau et Confiant auraient négligé de citer le roman de Schwarz-Bart dans leur célèbre manifeste.
Les Filles frappent-elles fort ?: Filles et femmes dans la bande dessinée Titeuf
Authors: Motard-Noar Martine
Published: April 2016

L'étude de la littérature populaire contemporaine, surtout dans le contexte francophone, doit inclure le neuvième art — les bandes dessinées, qu'elles soient lues par les jeunes ou les moins jeunes. On se doit en particulier d'analyser l'engouement des jeunes Français envers la série Titeuf , publiée à partir de 1993, et la place qui y est faite aux filles, dans une collection dont le personnage principal est un petit garçon de dix ans. Le féminin, dans l'univers de Titeuf, est un monde très présent mais à part, difficile à comprendre et qui frappe fort, physiquement et verbalement. Le monde féminin, comme le monde masculin, y est représenté sous tous ses âges, mais « l'élément » féminin semble toujours se situer du côté de la supériorité et de la norme. En tant que héros de B.D., Titeuf vit évidemment dans le domaine de l'amplification humoristique, surtout dans les situations où il a rapport avec les filles. Cependant, l'invraisemblable ici n'y est pas seulement une fonction de l'humour. En effet, Titeuf invite une lecture participative complexe et ambiguë, finalement moins réaliste qu'il n'y paraît et qui ne peut que refléter l'imaginaire narratif d'une collectivité où seul un garçon semble s'imposer comme personnage transgressif, donc expressif.
Remarriage and its Discontents: Young Widows in Mme Riccoboni's Fiction
Authors: Thomas Ruth P.
Published: April 2016

Although victims of unhappy first marriages, the young widowed heroines of Mme Riccoboni's novels do not savor their new found liberty but choose to rewed. I consider here the social and psychological elements that determine the second marriage, and how similar it proves to be to the first, in three of Riccoboni's novels: L'Histoire du marquis de Cressy, Lettres de Milady Juliette Catesby , and Lettres d'Adélaïde de Dammartin . While Riccoboni portrays an aristocratic and idealized society without the financial burdens and practical problems that would beset a real widow in the eighteenth century, her heroines have the same emotional needs and the same desire for happiness as actual widows and are also subject to social prejudices and constraints. They would like to reconcile their quest for independence and control over their own lives with their longing for emotional fulfillment and their romantic ideal, but often they cannot. Women are defined by marriage both in reality and in fiction, and it is society which prevails.
Escaping Matriarchal Power: Rebellion and Transgression in Calixte Beyala's C'est le soleil qui m'a brûlee and Femme nue femme noire
Authors: Caporale Marzia
Published: April 2016

Beyala's narratives present a dystopic vision of motherhood and the maternal operating within the patriarchal order in Cameroon. The female protagonists in her novels are tragically split into two opposing groups: the supporters and the victims of a phallocentric model of female subjugation. The role of the mother, both biological and symbolic, is particularly problematic in this context. I explore two instances of defiance to matriarchal authority. Rebellion, however, is difficult to disseminate, because in Cameroonian culture women do not display solidarity with one another. The individual tactics of autoeroticism and turning aggression back against one's rapist secure relative freedom in the first novel; in the second, the taboo expression of female desire fails in the absence of female solidarity, and exile seems the only viable option—one that Beyala herself adopted in real life.
Participación del sistema IGF en la patogenia de la enfermedad quística bovina
Authors: RODRIGUEZ Fernanda M. , SALVETTI Natalia R. , ORTEGA Hugo H. , REY Florencia
Published: April 2016

La enfermedad quística ovárica (COD) es una de las principales causas de falla reproductiva y de infertilidad, y constituye uno de los de los trastornos reproductivos más frecuentes en vacas lecheras de alta producción. El desarrollo de esta enfermedad está asociado a un desequilibrio en el eje hipotalámico-hipofisario-gonadal en el cual factores endocrinos, entre ellos el sistema de factores de crecimiento análogos a insulina (IGF), participan en el desarrollo folicular, diferenciación celular y la secreción de hormonas ováricas. Considerando al sistema IGF como un importante regulador del crecimiento y funcionalidad folicular, evaluamos la participación de componentes del sistema IGF en el desarrollo de la COD. Las alteraciones en diferentes componentes del sistema IGF que podrían afectar al normal funcionamiento del ovario participando en el desarrollo de la COD en bovinos.
Noise mapping based on participative
measurements
Authors: Guillaume Gwenaël , Can Arnaud , Petit Gwendall , Fortin Nicolas , Palominos Sylvain , Gauvreau Benoit , Bocher Erwan , Picaut Judicaël
Published: April 2016

The high temporal and spatial granularities recommended
by the European regulation for the purpose
of environmental noise mapping leads to consider new
alternatives to simulations for reaching such information.
While more and more European cities deploy urban
environmental observatories, the ceaseless rising number
of citizens equipped with both a geographical positioning
system and environmental sensors through their
smartphones legitimates the design of outsourced systems
that promote citizen participatory sensing. In this context,
the OnoM@p system aims at offering a framework
for capitalizing on crowd noise data recorded by inexperienced
individuals by means of an especially designed mobile
phone application. The system fully rests upon open
source tools and interoperability standards defined by the
Open Geospatial Consortium. Moreover, the implementation
of the Spatial Data Infrastructure principle enables
to break up as services the various business modules for
acquiring, analysing and mapping sound levels. The proposed
architecture rests on outsourced processes able to
filter outlier sensors and untrustworthy data, to cross- reference
geolocalised noise measurements with both geographical
and statistical data in order to provide higherlevel
indicators, and to map the collected and processed
data based on web services.
Ultra-low p-doping of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and its impact on polymer aggregation and photovoltaic performance
Authors: Said Marcel M. , Zhang Yadong , Dasari Raghunath R. , Anjum Dalaver H. , Munir Rahim , Hu Hanlin , Amassian Aram , Barlow Stephen , Marder Seth R.
Published: April 2016

Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films and P3HT / fullerene photovoltaic cells have been p-doped with very low levels (< 1 wt. %) of molybdenum tris[1-(trifluoromethylcarbonyl)- 2-(trifluoromethyl)-ethane-1,2-dithiolene]. The dopants are inhomogenously distributed within doped P3HT films, both laterally and as a function of depth, and appear to aggregate in some instances. Doping also results in subtle changes in the local and long range order of the P3HT film. These effects likely contribute to the complexity of the observed evolutions in conductivity, mobility and work function with doping levels. They also negatively affect the open-circuit voltage and fill factor of solar cells in unexpected ways, indicating that dopant aggregation and non-uniform distribution can harm device performance.
‘Where’ Questions and Their Responses in Duna
(Papua New Guinea)
Authors: San Roque Lila
Published: April 2016

Despite their central role in question formation, content interrogatives in spontaneous
conversation remain relatively under-explored cross-linguistically. This paper outlines the structure of
‘where’ expressions in Duna, a language spoken in Papua New Guinea, and examines where-questions in a
small Duna data set in terms of their frequency, function, and the responses they elicit. Questions that ask
‘where?’ have been identified as a useful tool in studying the language of space and place, and, in the Duna
case and elsewhere, show high frequency and functional flexibility. Although where-questions formulate
place as an information gap, they are not always answered through direct reference to canonical places.
While some question types may be especially “socially costly” (Levinson 2012), asking ‘where’ perhaps
provides a relatively innocuous way of bringing a particular event or situation into focus.
On the cardinality of complex matrix scalings
Authors: Hutchinson George
Published: April 2016

We disprove a conjecture made by Rajesh Pereira and Joanna Boneng regarding the upper bound
on the number of doubly quasi-stochastic scalings of an n × n positive definite matrix. In doing so, we arrive
at the true upper bound for 3 × 3 real matrices, and demonstrate that there is no such bound when n ≥ 4.
Accurate calculations of Stationary
Distributions and Mean First Passage Times
in Markov Renewal Processes and Markov
Chains
Authors: Hunter Jeffrey J.
Published: April 2016

This article describes an accurate procedure for computing the mean first passage times of a finite
irreducible Markov chain and a Markov renewal process. The method is a refinement to the Kohlas, Zeit fur
Oper Res, 30, 197–207, (1986) procedure. The technique is numerically stable in that it doesn’t involve subtractions.
Algebraic expressions for the special cases of one, two, three and four states are derived.Aconsequence
of the procedure is that the stationary distribution of the embedded Markov chain does not need to be derived
in advance but can be found accurately from the derived mean first passage times. MatLab is utilized to carry
out the computations, using some test problems from the literature.
Why the Kemeny Time is a constant
Authors: Gustafson Karl , Hunter Jeffrey J.
Published: April 2016

We present a new fundamental intuition forwhy the Kemeny feature of a Markov chain is a constant.
This new perspective has interesting further implications.
Rising Up
Authors: Evans Barbara
Published: April 2016

The London Women's Film Group was formed in 1972 in response to the seemingly impermeable male-dominated film industry and culture of the time along with the urgently felt need to put women's stories, told by women, on the screen. Made up of a dedicated assortedment of practitioners and theorists, the group produced a variety of films, both individually and collectively, including Women of the Rhondda (1973), Put Yourself in My Place (1974), The Amazing Equal Pay Show (1974), and Whose Choice? (1976). The group and its work provided inspiration to one another and to many other women who perceived the lack of feminist expression in film. In this essay, early Film Group member Barbara Evans provides a personal account of the formation and key moments in the evolution of the group.
On Not Narrating the History of Feminism and Film
Authors: Gaines Jane M.
Published: April 2016

“On Not Narrating the History of Feminism and Film” poses two questions: What happened to women in the early silent film industries, and why don't we know about them? While the author and others have addressed the first question elsewhere at recent international conferences and in publication, the second remains largely unanswered and is taken up here. It is specific to the field of feminism and film and media studies, where in the 1970s moment of feminist film theory, the powerful paradigm of “no women” or woman as “absent” could be taken as either theoretical or empirical. The question arises as to how to write a narrative account given earlier prohibitions against narrative and empirical work, even when that very kind of work has discovered evidence of women working in significant roles in early film industries worldwide.
Competencias sociales y tecnologías de la información y la comunicación como factores asociados al desempeño en estudiantes de básica primaria con experiencia de desplazamiento forzado
Authors: Avendaño-Villa Inírida , Cortés-Peña Omar Fernando , Guerrero-Cuentas Hilda
Published: April 2016

El presente artículo tiene como propósito central describir los principales referentes teóricos y hallazgos derivados del análisis relacional entre las competencias sociales, las actitudes frente al uso de las TIC y el desempeño académico a partir de los reportes de una muestra conformada por docentes (9), padres de familia (60) y estudiantes (60) del nivel de básica primaria en la I.E. Villa Campo (Malambo) e I.E.D. Carrizal (Barranquilla), quienes han sido expuestos a la experiencia del desplazamiento forzado. Para tal efecto, se administró inicialmente el protocolo de consentimiento informado y a cada uno de los diferentes actores se les administró según su correspondencia los instrumentos de Actitudes frente al uso de las TIC, Cuestionario de Solución de Conflictos Escolares, Escalas MESSY para Estudiantes y Docentes, Inventario de Observación de Conductas Escolares, Cuestionario de Caracterización Sociodemográfica y Percepción sobre el uso de las TIC para los padres de familia. Los resultados reflejan una actitud positiva frente al uso de las TIC en los estudiantes y docentes, el empleo de estrategias de solución de conflictos ante la prevalencia de exposición a eventos de agresión escolar, un mayor nivel de reconocimiento de conductas Prosociales en comparación con el reporte de conductas agresivas por parte de los docentes y el establecimiento de asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre las competencias sociales de conducta prosocial y solución de conflictos de forma directamente proporcional, a diferencia de la relación inversa entre la conducta agresiva y la conducta prosocial; así como una relación directamente proporcional entre las conductas Prosociales y el desempeño académico y una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el uso de TIC y el desempeño académico.
The role of military expenditure and arms imports in the Greek debt crisis
Authors: Nikolaidou Eftychia
Published: April 2016

Despite the vast amount of empirical work performed on the defense–growth relationship, the impact of military expenditure on public debt is a largely neglected topic. The recent Greek debt crisis brought to the forefront the role of military expenditure as well as the inefficiencies and the inability of the EU to deal with the European debt crisis. This article investigates the role of military expenditure (among other factors) in the evolution of the Greek debt over the period 1970-2011. Greece is a particularly interesting case in this regard, given its high military burden since 1974 and the recent debt crisis that led the country to sign a bail-out package presented by the European Union, the European Central Bank, and the International Monetary Fund, which involves extreme austerity measures and cuts in public spending. Employing the ARDL approach to cointegration, this article concludes that military expenditure and arms imports have had an adverse (i.e., increasing) effect on Greek public debt in the short-run, while investment has helped to reduce debt both in the short- and the long-run.