bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MGOUN1Encodes anArabidopsisType IB DNA Topoisomerase Required in Stem Cell Regulation and to Maintain Developmentally Regulated Gene Silencing
Authors: Graf Philipp , Dolzblasz Alicja , Würschum Tobias , Lenhard Michael , Pfreundt Ulrike , Laux Thomas
Published: March 2010

Maintenance of stem cells in the Arabidopsis thaliana shoot meristem is regulated by signals from the underlying cells of the organizing center, provided through the transcription factor WUSCHEL (WUS). Here, we report the isolation of several independent mutants of MGOUN1 (MGO1) as genetic suppressors of ectopic WUS activity and enhancers of stem cell defects in hypomorphic wus alleles. mgo1 mutants have previously been reported to result in a delayed progression of meristem cells into differentiating organ primordia (Laufs et al., 1998). Genetic analyses indicate that MGO1 functions together with WUS in stem cell maintenance at all stages of shoot and floral meristems. Synergistic interactions of mgo1 with several chromatin mutants suggest that MGO1 affects gene expression together with chromatin remodeling pathways. In addition, the expression states of developmentally regulated genes are randomly switched in mgo1 in a mitotically inheritable way, indicating that MGO1 stabilizes epigenetic states against stochastically occurring changes. Positional cloning revealed that MGO1 encodes a putative type IB topoisomerase, which in animals and yeast has been shown to be required for regulation of DNA coiling during transcription and replication. The specific developmental defects in mgo1 mutants link topoisomerase IB function in Arabidopsis to stable propagation of developmentally regulated gene expression.
High-Affinity Manganese Uptake by the Metal Transporter NRAMP1 Is Essential for Arabidopsis Growth in Low Manganese Conditions
Authors: Cailliatte Rémy , Schikora Adam , Briat Jean-François , Mari Stéphane , Curie Catherine
Published: March 2010

In contrast with many other essential metals, the mechanisms of Mn acquisition in higher eukaryotes are seldom studied and poorly understood. We show here that Arabidopsis thaliana relies on a high-affinity uptake system to acquire Mn from the soil in conditions of low Mn availability and that this activity is catalyzed by the divalent metal transporter NRAMP1 (for Natural Resistance Associated Macrophage Protein 1). The nramp1-1 loss-of-function mutant grows poorly, contains less Mn than the wild type, and fails to take up Mn in conditions of Mn limitation, thus demonstrating that NRAMP1 is the major high-affinity Mn transporter in Arabidopsis. Based on confocal microscopy observation of an NRAMP1-green fluorescent protein fusion, we established that NRAMP1 is localized to the plasma membrane. Consistent with its function in Mn acquisition from the soil, NRAMP1 expression is restricted to the root and stimulated by Mn deficiency. Finally, we show that NRAMP1 restores the capacity of the iron-regulated transporter1 mutant to take up iron and cobalt, indicating that NRAMP1 has a broad selectivity in vivo. The role of transporters of the NRAMP family is well established in higher eukaryotes for iron but has been controversial for Mn. This study demonstrates that NRAMP1 is a physiological manganese transporter in Arabidopsis.
Crystal growth and twinned crystal structure of Sr2CaWO6
Authors: Madariaga G. , Faik A. , Breczewski T. , Igartua J. M.
Published: March 2010

Single crystals of Sr2CaWO6have been prepared by sintering at high temperature. Powder samples were compressed into rods and heated up to 1953 K. This seems a promising new route for further studies of the structure and physical properties of double perovskites. The structural model of Sr2CaWO6includes a quantitative description of the twinning shown by the diffraction pattern that should be present in almost any single-crystal specimen for this type of compound.
Inorganic structures in space groupP31m; coordinate analysis and systematic prediction of new ferroelectrics
Authors: Abrahams S. C.
Published: March 2010

The 62 entries listed in ICSD release 2009/1 under polar space groupP31mcorrespond to 31 families of inorganic crystal structures, some with only one member. Coordinate analysis reveals, over a wide confidence range, 11 of these families as ferroelectric candidates. One includes the well known improper ferroelectric GASH (guanidinium aluminum sulfate hexahydrate), [(C(NH2)3)Al(SO4)2(H2O)6], another the previously predicted ferroelectric CsNO3phase II. Those remaining include K3Nb3B2O12, the minerals schairerite, galeite and lizardite 1T, LaNi5D6and γ-CaNi5D6.1, Ca(OCl)2Ca(OH)2, [N(CH3)4]2Mo3S13, Li17Ag3Sn6and Cs3As5O9. Candidate selection is based upon detecting an approach by the reported atomic arrangement to the symmetry of a corresponding nonpolar supergroup. A further 13 families are typified by their reduced predictive properties, with four others likely to remain polar at higher temperatures and the remaining three noted as having a unit cell larger than reported or a misassigned space group. The primary sources of uncertainty in structurally based predictions of ferroelectricity are the reliability of the underlying structural determination and the upper limit assigned to the cationic displacement magnitudes required to achieve supergroup symmetry.
Modulation functions of incommensurately modulated Cr2P2O7studied by the maximum entropy method (MEM)
Authors: Li Liang , Schönleber Andreas , van Smaalen Sander
Published: March 2010

The maximum entropy method (MEM) has been used to determine electron density in superspace of incommensurately modulated chromium pyrophosphate from X-ray diffraction data measured by Palatinuset al.[(2006),Acta Cryst.B62, 556–566]. Chromium pyrophosphate, Cr2P2O7, contains ordered regions (83% of the volume) and regions with disorder. Analysis of the MEM density has allowed the determination of the displacive modulation functions within ordered regions. The disordered regions can be described as the alternate occupation of two conformations of the pyrophosphate group and two positions of the chromium atom, with occupational probabilities that depend continuously on the phase of modulationt. A structure model based on the interpretation of the MEM density provides a fit to the diffraction data of the same quality as the model given by Palatinuset al.(2006). The failure to find a model that better fits the data is attributed to the intrinsic inaccuracy of ∼ 0.01 Å for positions derived from the MEM and to the difficulties in constructing an appropriate model for the anharmonic ADPs and their modulation functions from electron densities.
1,1′-Fc(4-C6H4CO2Et)2and its unusual salt derivative withZ′ = 5,catena-[Na+]2[1,1′-Fc(4-C6H4CO2−)2]·0.6H2O [1,1′-Fc = (η5-(C5H4)2Fe]
Authors: Gallagher John F. , Alley Steven , Brosnan Marianne , Lough Alan J.
Published: March 2010

The neutral diethyl 4,4′-(ferrocene-1,1′-diyl)dibenzoate, Fe[η5-(C5H4)(4-C6H4CO2Et)]2(I), yields (II) (following base hydrolysis) as the unusual complex salt poly[disodium bis[diethyl 4,4′-(ferrocene-1,1′-diyl)dibenzoate] 0.6-hydrate] or [Na+]2[Fe{η5-(C5H4)-4-C6H4CO_2^-}2]·0.6H2O withZ′ = 5. Compound (I) crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P\bar 1, with two molecules having similar geometry in the asymmetric unit (Z′ = 2). The salt complex (II) crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space groupPbca, with the asymmetric unit comprising poly[decasodium pentakis[diethyl 4,4′-(ferrocene-1,1′-diyl)dibenzoate] trihydrate] or [Na+]10[Fe{η5-(C5H4)-4-C6H4CO_2^-}2]5·3H2O. The five independent 1,1′-Fc[(4-C6H4CO2)−]2dianions stack in an offset ladder (stepped) arrangement with the ten benzoates mutually orientedcisoidtowards and bonded to a central layer comprising the ten Na+ions and three water molecules [1,1′-Fc = η5-(C5H4)2Fe]. The five dianions differ in thecisoidorientations of their pendant benzoate groups, with four having their —C6H4— groups mutually oriented at interplanar angles from 0.6 (3) to 3.2 (3)° (as π...π stacked C6rings) and interacting principally with Na+ions. The fifth dianion is distorted and opens up to an unprecedented —C6H4— interplanar angle of 18.6 (3)° through bending of the two 4-C6H4CO2groups and with several ionic interactions involving the three water molecules (arranged as one-dimensional zigzag chains in the lattice). Overall packing comprises two-dimensional layers of Na+cations coordinated mainly by the carboxylate O atoms, and one-dimensional water chains. The non-polar Fc(C6H4)2groups are arranged perpendicular to the layers and mutually interlock through a series of efficient C—H...π stacking contacts in a herringbone fashion to produce an overall segregation of polar and non-polar entities.
The successful organisation: keeping the talent that drives your results
Authors: Leary‐Joyce Judith
Published: March 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand the elements of a success culture that serves both people and the business.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper explores the style of cultural, management and personal development that supports successful people. The research is based on in‐depth interviews with serial achievers plus long‐term experience of working in successful and failing cultures.

Findings

The research finds the five fundamentals for success, plus the seven behaviours that drive people to achieve their desired outputs. Embedding these behaviours into a business culture supports exceptional achievement. Also, developing an understanding of what drives success will ensure that companies provide appropriate individual support to their high achievers.

Research limitations/implications

Future research could look at the specific impact of building an inspirational manager community in a business workplace on levels of company and personal success.

Practical implications

For companies to build a consistently successful business, they need to make the best of their high achievers. This requires a strong and constructive management community, made up of people who enjoy the challenge of developing talent and have adequate levels of emotional intelligence. It also demands leaders who role‐model the importance of the success behaviours and reward creative failure as well as obvious success.

Originality/value

The new findings relate to the five fundamentals and seven success behaviours as outlined in The Psychology of Success. This information provides a new approach to success and is highly relevant to twenty‐first century business.
Profiles of effectiveness: differentiators of top performing leaders
Authors: Forgie Jennifer , DeRosa Darleen
Published: March 2010

Purpose

The role of the leader is even more demanding, given the challenges of today's business environment. With fewer resources available for talent management initiatives, it becomes even more important to understand which competencies impact leadership effectiveness. This paper aims to address these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

Data are collected on the effectiveness of 622 leaders across organizations. Respondents rate an “average” or “exceptional” manager's effectiveness on 46 competencies.

Findings

The study points to four key findings: (1) building trust and demonstrating accountability is the foundation for success; (2) exceptional managers, regardless of level, demonstrate competence in four core areas; (3) specific competencies are critical for success at each management level; and (4) the ability to effectively execute is the hallmark of an exceptional manager.

Research limitations/implications

Objective performance data are not available and respondents are primarily direct reports.

Practical implications

The results have important implications for prioritizing selection, leadership development, and succession initiatives.

Originality/value

The paper is targeted to HR professionals and line managers looking to develop their team and understand the competencies that impact leadership effectiveness.
Learning transfer model: a research‐driven approach to enhancing learning effectiveness
Authors: Leimbach Michael
Published: March 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is determine what direct evidence is available that demonstrates the tangible benefit of learning transfer activities to improve the transfer of training. Further, this research creates an application framework for implementing the most effective solutions to increase the effectiveness of human resource development initiatives.

Design/methodology/approach

A targeted meta‐analysis process, focused on research that compared training alone with training plus transfer activities, is used. “Difference scores”, representing the percentage of improvement the transfer activities created over training alone, are computed.

Findings

Results indicate that there are 11 specific learning transfer activities showing tangible impact and evidence of effectiveness. In total, 32 studies are found that made this type of comparison. While this may be too narrow to draw specific conclusions, it provides a good basis for development of a learning transfer framework.

Research limitations/implications

The results indicate that there is a great need for more research that directly compares training alone with training plus transfer activities.

Practical implications

Nonetheless, the research may help to simplify the complex models of learning transfer presented by others and provide a framework that is more likely to be implemented than previous frameworks and theories.

Originality/value

This is the first ever effort, according to the author, to assess the direct impact of learning transfer activities on performance improvement.
The differential effects of solution‐focused and problem‐focused coaching questions: a pilot study with implications for practice
Authors: Grant Anthony M. , O'Connor Sean A.
Published: March 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the differential effects of problem‐focused and solution‐focused coaching questions by means of a literature overview and results of an exploratory pilot study.

Design/methodology/approach

In a problem‐focused coaching session 39 participants complete a range of measures assessing self‐efficacy, their understanding of a problem, positive and negative affect, and goal approach. They then respond to a number of problem‐focused coaching questions, and then complete a second set of measures. The 35 participants in a solution‐focused session complete a mirror image of the problem‐focused condition, responding to solution‐focused coaching questions, including the “Miracle Question”.

Findings

Both the problem‐focused and the solution‐focused conditions are effective at enhancing goal approach. However, the solution‐focused group experience significantly greater increases in goal approach compared with the problem‐focused group. Problem‐focused questions reduce negative affect and increase self‐efficacy but do not increase understanding of the nature of the problem or enhance positive affect. The solution‐focused approach increases positive affect, decreases negative affect, increases self‐efficacy as well as increasing participants' insight and understanding of the nature of the problem.

Practical implications

Solution‐focused coaching questions appear to be more effective than problem‐focused questions. Although real‐life coaching conversations are not solely solution‐focused or solely problem‐focused, coaches should aim for a solution‐focused theme in their coaching work, if they wish to conduct effective goal‐focused coaching sessions that develop a depth of understanding, build self‐efficacy, reduce negative affect, increase positive affect and support the process of goal attainment.

Originality/value

This is the first study to explore this issue.
Using knowledge management to leverage training and development initiatives
Authors: Goodman Neal , Schieman John
Published: March 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to educate professionals on the importance of knowledge management and the ways to best leverage their existing knowledge, including finding ways to create, identify, capture and distribute organizational knowledge to those in the organization who need it.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper outlines the need for a knowledge management process, then explains the challenges involved with establishing such a system. It demonstrates examples of tangible benefits that can be gained from a knowledge management system, and shows a model of a current and successful cross‐cultural knowledge management system.

Findings

Through work in the field, Global Dynamics has found that corporations, especially large global corporations, are needlessly spending money on training and development to “gain” knowledge that they already have. Key statistics cited here are that employees spend 7 to 20 percent of their time on the job replicating existing solutions for others (according to Delphi Group) and believe that 44 percent of employees are poor or very poor at transferring knowledge (according to Ernst & Young).

Practical implications

Knowledge management systems, as described here, can, and should, be implemented in all large organizations in order to maximize existing knowledge. For multinational organizations, a knowledge management system is even more significant and should be leveraged with corporate globalization efforts.

Originality/value

The paper provides a detailed description of a successful existing cross‐cultural management model.
Interview with Rachel Cairns
Authors: by Juliet Norton Interview
Published: March 2010

Purpose

This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting‐edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach

This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings

Since joining Keele University in 2001, Rachel has been the key HR support for the commercial & facilities management directorate, which currently employs around 600 people. Its strategic drivers are to generate income for the University and to provide excellent customer service to all of its students, staff, conference guests and visitors.

Practical implications

Provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world's leading organizations.

Originality/value

The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy‐to‐digest format.
Six Sigma quality: a structured review and implications for future research
Authors: Gamal Aboelmaged Mohamed
Published: March 2010

Purpose

This paper aims to clarify emerging aspects and trends of Six Sigma literature over 17 years, from 1992 to 2008.

Design/methodology/approach

The literature on Six Sigma from 417 referred journal articles in business and management disciplines, information systems and computer science, engineering, healthcare, etc. were systematically analyzed based on a scheme that consists of four distinct dimensions: publication year and journal, major themes, research type, and application sector (i.e. manufacturing vs service).

Findings

A number of key findings emerged: Six Sigma research is growing rapidly, covering various disciplines and domains with a great focus on Six Sigma tools and techniques; empirical research is dominant with more emphasis on case study approach; and the growing gap between manufacturing‐ and service‐focused articles implies the return of Six Sigma to manufacturing as its initial base. Although a large volume of literature is available on Six Sigma, the topic is still under development and offers potential opportunities for further research and applications.

Originality/value

The paper provides both academics and practitioners with a useful framework for pursuing rigorous Six Sigma research through explaining the chronological growth of Six Sigma, challenging themes of Six Sigma research, dominating research types and application areas in Six Sigma, and the major sources of Six Sigma information.
Normal approximation through data replication when estimating DisPMO, DePMO, left‐side and right‐side Sigma levels from non‐normal data
Authors: Setijono Djoko
Published: March 2010

Purpose

This paper seeks to present a way of estimating DisPMO, DePMO, left‐side and right‐side Sigma levels (as the “mutations” of DPMO and Sigma level when applied on customer satisfaction measurements), where all critical attributes (CTQs) contain data sets that are non‐normally distributed.

Design/methodology/approach

The calculation of DisPMO, DePMO, left‐side and right‐side Sigma levels is based on dynamic‐multiple CTQs without the need for assuming 1.5 Sigma shift from the mean. Using step‐wise multiple regression, CTQs are then the attributes that significantly influence overall customer satisfaction. This further developed method no longer takes normality assumption for granted, which means that, prior to calculating DisPMO, DePMO, left‐side and right‐side Sigma levels, the data should be proven as being normally distributed. To fulfil the assumption of normality, the primary data are being “replicated” by first generating random numbers that follow normal standard distribution and then adjusting (re‐calculating) these random numbers with the mean, standard deviation, and the skewness of the primary data. Simulation technique is then applied to generate a larger amount of secondary data as the basis for estimating DisPMO, DePMO, left‐side and right‐side Sigma levels.

Findings

The application of the method in a Swedish house‐building construction project suggests that: the use of multiple CTQs may reduce the risk for under‐/overestimation of Sigma levels, and DisPMO and DePMO are each other's “mirror” and both of them should be considered when calculating Sigma levels. The calculated Sigma levels suggest that the developer's performance is still quite far below Six Sigma level of performance.

Originality/value

Using the replica of the primary data as a way of approaching normality may be regarded as the main contribution of the paper in addressing one of the challenges in Six Sigma theory.
Using net present value methods to evaluate quality improvement projects
Authors: Caryer Cook Valerie G. , Ali Ahad
Published: March 2010

Purpose

This paper aims to propose the use of net present value methods to derive the quality costs of quality improvement projects. The proposed methodology is then demonstrated in a case study of a quality improvement to an inspection process in an automobile assembly plant.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach takes the form of application of accounting net present value methods to the cost of quality methods.

Findings

Quality improvements in the manufacture of durable goods do not usually have instantaneous results in warranty cost reductions, customer satisfaction or revenue expansion. The net present value method proposed gives a more accurate accounting of the expected results of quality improvement projects by considering the temporal effects of the change and the time value of money.

Research limitations/implications

The case study presented contains fictitious data to protect the confidentiality of the source. While it is useful in demonstrating the application of the net present value method, it should not be used as an indication of actual costs of plant operations.

Originality/value

The paper provides a unique approach to cost of quality analysis that is particularly useful in the assessment of quality improvement projects for durable goods. While much research is focused on cost of quality methods and philosophies, only a little provides the level of detail in the actual application of the methods found in the case study.
Cost analysis for a deteriorating system using monotone processes with warranty
Authors: Yedida Sarada , Unnissa Munavar Mubashir
Published: March 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate preventive‐repair warranty policies for repairable deteriorating systems using Zhang's geometric process repair model.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper aims to establish the importance of preventive repair during warranty. Three cost models have been developed using the average cost rate for the system as the objective function, employing N‐policy for two models therein.

Findings

The models have practical applications in warranty cost analysis, as product warranty is an important factor in designing an optimal maintenance policy.

Originality/value

The paper observes that product warranty has not been considered in the study of maintenance policies for repairable deteriorating systems using monotone processes. The numerical example given illustrates that a preventive repair during warranty with N‐policy is preferable compared with a non‐warranted product or a warranted product without preventive repair.
Endogenous examination of underwriter reputation and IPO returns
Authors: Jones Travis L. , us Swaleheen Mushfiq
Published: March 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between underwriter reputation and initial public offerings (IPOs) initial returns over a 24‐year period, from 1980 to 2003.

Design/methodology/approach

Two‐stage least‐squares regression analysis on data from IPOs offered from 1980 to 2003 is used to determine how the choice of IPO underwriter is related to initial returns when considering reputation as an endogenous variable.

Findings

This study shows, consistent with prior literature, that underwriter reputation is statistically significantly negatively related to initial returns from 1980 to 1991 and statistically significantly positively related to initial returns from 1992 to 2003, when reputation is taken as an exogenous variable. When considering the choice of the reputation of underwriter as endogenous to characteristics of the firm, the reputation of an underwriter is significantly positively related to IPO initial returns for 1980 to 2003 and 1992 to 2003 and insignificantly related, for 1980 to 1991.

Originality/value

This study adds value to finance literature in that it extends the research on the relationship between IPO initial returns and underwriter reputation. It also furthers the existing research on IPO anomalies and notes characteristics in this field of financial markets that may be important to both issuers and investment banks.
Capital structure and outcome of proxy contest targets
Authors: Gao Ning , Everett Brooks Jason
Published: March 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of capital structure changes by target firms on the outcome and ex post performance of firms targeted by proxy contests.

Design/methodology/approach

The influence is examined by using predictions of control‐driven model developed by Harris and Raviv and signaling theory of debt in capital structure.

Findings

The results are consistent with the predictions of both control‐driven model and signaling theory. Significant differences are found between two groups of target firms – management victory targets and dissident victory targets. Specifically: management victory targets feature proxy contests that are accompanied by leverage increasing changes in target firms' capital structure; the same group also realizes better long‐run stock performance compared to dissident victory targets; and the long‐run abnormal stock performance of management victory targets is significantly positively related to the increases in leverage in the capital structure during proxy contest period.

Originality/value

This paper is the first to directly address the relationship between leverage change and the outcome and long‐run performance of proxy contest targets, thus confirming both the defensive and the signaling role of debt on firm's capital structure decision.
Economies of scope and scale in the mutual‐fund industry
Authors: Banko John , Beyer Scott , Dowen Richard
Published: March 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine market concentration, economies of scale, economies of scope, and the relative size of a particular fund, within a fund family, as determinants of mutual‐fund expense ratio. This examination is focused at the asset‐manager level and is based on the Morningstar equity and fixed‐income style classifications.

Design/methodology/approach

All data used in this study come from the July Morningstar Principia database for the years 1997 through 2006. One challenge of working with these data is that Morningstar treats each separate class of a fund as though it were an individual fund. As a result all Morningstar data items are reported for each fund class as though they are data items for a separate fund. The data are modified so that the items for separate classes of a fund are merged into data for a single fund. For example, assets in a fund become the total of the assets in each class of the fund.

Findings

This study contributes to the literature on mutual‐fund managers, and the literature on the structure of mutual funds, by showing that market concentration at the asset‐manager level varies substantially across Morningstar styles, particularly for the fixed‐income funds. The paper shows that increased market concentration is associated with greater expenses for the funds under management, within a given Morningstar‐style box, for both equity funds and for fixed‐income funds. We also show that increased costs are partially offset by economies of scope for the fixed‐income funds.

Originality/value

This paper extends the current literature in several ways. First, it confirms the existence of economies of scale at the fund level within Morningstar style classifications. Second, it documents the existence of varying levels of market concentration within different Morningstar style classifications. Third, the results demonstrate that there is a negative relation between the scope of funds handled across the Morningstar classifications by a particular fund manager and the expense ratio for particular funds. Finally, the results presented in this paper show that the largest funds within a family are associated with the highest expense ratios in the family.
Examining student satisfaction with higher education services
Authors: Gruber Thorsten , Fuß Stefan , Voss Roediger , Gläser‐Zikuda Michaela
Published: March 2010

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate how students perceive the services they are offered at a German university and how satisfied they are with them.

Design/methodology/approach

An evaluation study using a new tool to measure 15 dimensions of student satisfaction at an institutional level that covers most aspects of student life was used. It was decided to develop a new measurement tool as many existing surveys are poorly designed, lack standardization and give no evidence concerning reliability or validity. Questionnaires were handed out in eight lectures for the pilot study and 18 lectures for the main study. The response rate was 99 percent. A total of 374 students (pilot study) and 544 students (main study) filled in the newly developed questionnaires using Likert scales.

Findings

The study gave a valuable insight into how students perceive the quality of the services offered at a university and how satisfied they are with these offerings. The results show that students' satisfaction with their university is based on a relatively stable person‐environment relationship. Thus, the satisfaction of students seems to reflect quite well perceived quality differences of offered services and of the wider environment. Students were particularly satisfied with the school placements and the atmosphere among students. Students were mostly dissatisfied with the university buildings and the quality of the lecture theatres.

Research limitations/implications

As the study involved only two samples of students from one university, the results cannot be generalized to the German student population as a whole.

Originality/value

The study was the first to successfully apply a measurement tool, which has previously not been used. The study has hopefully opened up an area of research and methodology that could provide considerable further benefits for researchers interested in this topic. It also shows how the concept of student satisfaction could be assessed in future studies.
An analysis of customer satisfaction in a higher education context
Authors: Munteanu Corneliu , Ceobanu Ciprian , Bobâlcă Claudia , Anton Oana
Published: March 2010

Purpose

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate differences in student satisfaction across different programs of the same business college, and to identify dimensions underlying overall perceived quality. It also aims to investigate the existence of differences in perceived quality among programs and factors determining those differences. Based on these results, it seeks to assess the strengths and weaknesses of each program. Finally, differences in satisfaction constituents among high performing students and low performing students are to be analysed.

Design/methodology/approach

Research was conducted in two stages. First, a focus group method was employed in order to identify critical incident specificities for the population under study. Then, a survey based on Likert‐type items was used for data collection. Data processing involved both univariate and multivariate analysis.

Findings

Three major findings can be pointed out. First, in comparison with similar studies developed in western universities, the list of critical incidents contains noticeable differences. Secondly, it was found that students with different academic performances are concerned with different critical incidents. Thirdly, differences in overall satisfaction with educational experience were found among different lines of specialisation.

Research limitations/implications

A major concern is related to not considering student motivation as an important influential variable on both academic performance and overall satisfaction. Then, a gender based analysis considering differences in satisfaction constituents could have been conducted.

Practical implications

Service organisations, including higher education providers, increasingly recognise that today's customers have many alternatives to chose from, that they may more readily change providers if they are not content, and that satisfaction largely depends on the quality of service provided. In the case of higher education institutions, this seems to be the case at the time (when prospective students apply to several colleges to get admitted), during the break between semesters (when students transfer from one college to another) or at the end of the program (when they can choose whether or not to continue their education within the same college).

Originality/value

The originality of this paper relies on the educational context in which it was conducted, and on the internal competition perspective. Compared with studies conducted in western universities, important differences were found. Romanian students report slightly different issues when evaluating perceived quality and satisfaction. Issues such as campus safety are not a major concern, while professors' personal behaviour problems are highlighted.
What defines “successful” university brands?
Authors: Chapleo Chris
Published: March 2010

Purpose

Branding in universities has become an increasingly topical issue among practitioners, with some institutions committing substantial financial resources to branding activities. Although it is receiving increased academic investigation, to date this has been limited. The particular characteristics of the sector present challenges for those seeking to build brands and it therefore seems timely and appropriate to investigate the common properties of those universities perceived as having successful brands; this paper aims to do that.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employs qualitative research techniques in an exploratory study, examining the institutions perceived to be “successful” in terms of brand management, and seeking to explore any commonalities of approach or circumstance.

Findings

The findings and conclusions identify issues surrounding university branding activity. It was found that even among those brands considered “successful”, challenges such as lack of internal brand engagement and limited international resonance may be apparent. Certain common positive success factors are also suggested, however.

Research limitations/implications

Exploration of the literature does point to a gap that makes this work challenging – a seeming lack of knowledge underpinning the precise objectives of university branding programmes. In other words; it is hard to measure how successful university brands are when there is little empirical literature on the aims of branding in universities.

Originality/value

From an academic viewpoint gaps in current literature on branding in the education context are identified and the need for a model of brand management that addresses the particular qualities of higher education is reinforced.
The influence of school leadership styles and culture on students' achievement in Cyprus primary schools
Authors: Kythreotis Andreas , Pashiardis Petros , Kyriakides Leonidas
Published: March 2010

Purpose

This study aims to examine the validation of both the model of direct effects and the model of indirect effects of principals' leadership on student academic achievement.

Design/methodology/approach

A longitudinal study was conducted in which 22 schools, 55 classes and 1,224 Cypriot primary students participated. Specifically, achievements in Greek Language and Mathematics were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the same school year. Moreover, leadership style of school principals and teachers as well as school and classroom culture was measured.

Findings

The findings provide some empirical support for the model of direct effects of principals' leadership on student academic achievement. Moreover, student achievement gains were found to be related with five factors at the school level: the principals' human resource leadership style and four dimensions of organizational culture. At the classroom level, three dimensions of learning culture significantly influence student achievement in each subject. Finally, relationships between effectiveness factors operating at different levels were identified.

Originality/value

The article presents an original empirical study which examined the relationship among school leadership, school culture and student achievement in order to validate both the model of direct effects and the model of indirect effects of school principals on student achievement.
An exploration of two female principals' leadership in mainland China
Authors: Zhong Wanjuan , Catherine Ehrich Lisa
Published: March 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore two dimensions of leadership practices (i.e. teaching and learning and sources of power) used by two exemplary principals in mainland China against a background of education reform and to identify how broader contextual factors have shaped these two dimensions of their leadership.

Design/methodology/approach

An exploratory case study was used that drew upon semi‐structured interviews, observations and document analysis. Interviews were conducted with two principals, six teachers from each of the two schools and a superintendent who was the supervisor of the two principals.

Findings

The findings reveal that there are some common elements in both of the leaders' practices but also some subtle differences. Both leaders emphasise teaching and learning. One sees herself as curriculum expert; the other delegate teaching responsibilities. While both uses a top down approach, one principal uses an adversarial approach and the other a more facilitative approach.

Research limitations/implications

The study used a small sample size. It explored the leaders' practices in the light of broader contextual factors rather than personal factors or gender‐based factors

Originality/value

Given the limited empirical research conducted on female principals in mainland China, this qualitative study provides insights into two dimensions of leadership used by two exemplary principals and explains their practices in the light of critical contextual factors such as contemporary and traditional Chinese culture and the school's organisational context.
Retail format choice in the US consumer electronics market
Authors: Carpenter Jason M. , Balija Vikranth
Published: March 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a general understanding of retail format choice among consumer electronics shoppers in the US market.

Design/methodology/approach

US consumer electronics shoppers (n=252) were surveyed via telephone. Linear regression was used to evaluate the data.

Findings

Profiles shopper groups who frequent specific retail formats (department stores, specialty stores, discounters, category killers, internet‐only retailers, and catalogs) based on demographic characteristics (gender, age, education, income) and desired retail attributes (price competitiveness, customer service, product selection, presence of new products, hours of operation, ease of access to the retailer, store atmosphere).

Research limitations/implications

Although general observations and predictions about the demographic variables and important retail attributes for shopper groups are possible, future studies could expand upon this exploratory work by initiating comparisons of specific retail formats and examining cross‐shopping behavior among consumer electronics shoppers.

Practical implications

This paper provides consumer electronics retailers with specific knowledge of the attributes that consumers consider to be important when making format choices and identifies the demographic characteristics of shoppers who frequent each retail format.

Originality/value

This exploratory study uses demographics and retail attributes to profile consumer electronics shoppers of each major retail format in the USA. The paper is unique because the investigation of retail format choice among consumer electronics shoppers has been very limited.
Ethics and social responsibility in Australian grocery shopping
Authors: Williams Jasmine , Memery Juliet , Megicks Philip , Morrison Mark
Published: March 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify, and explore the importance of, ethical and socially responsible (ESR) factors in Australian consumers' choices of grocery products and stores.

Design/methodology/approach

Following an earlier study in the UK, an initial qualitative investigation, then a survey of grocery shoppers in New South Wales, was conducted. Factor analysis explored the structure of the choice factors for grocery products and stores in “main” and “top‐up” shopping situations. Finally, four multiple regression equations measured the effects of these factors.

Findings

This paper finds that, when “top‐up” shopping, ESR consumers are less discriminating than when “main” shopping. The provision of ethically farmed produce has most influence on store choice when “main” shopping, while retailers' fair trading and environmentally responsible policies have the greatest influence when “topping‐up”. The ethical provenance of goods is the most important factor in product choice.

Research limitations/implications

The constructs developed need to be validated internationally.

Practical implications

The two large Australian retail grocers may benefit by developing roles as “choice editors” on behalf of their ESR customers; whilst smaller retailers may gain advantage by concentrating on community‐based, environmentally friendly and fair trading policies. Manufacturers of grocery products may benefit by emphasizing their products' ESR provenance and their organisations' ethical policies.

Originality/value

This is the first study of its kind in Australia. It contributes to the development of an internationally relevant set of ESR shopping choice factors.
The sustainable agenda and energy efficiency
Authors: Halldórsson Árni , Kovács Gyöngyi
Published: March 2010

Purpose

This double special issue called for logistics solutions and supply chains in times of climate change. The purpose of this editorial is to investigate the current and future implications of climate change, and in particular, energy efficiency for logistics and supply chain management (SCM).

Design/methodology/approach

Against the backdrop of climate change, a conceptual framework is constructed that reflects on the immediate and tangible effects of a sustainable agenda on logistics and SCM.

Findings

Energy efficiency has been largely neglected in logistics and SCM. At the same time, considering energy efficiency requires considerable rethinking on the operational level (from transportation emissions to the cold chain) as well as even the conceptual level. The energy agenda needs a further development of logistics theory and practice.

Originality/value

The editorial highlights the challenges of sustainability and energy in the context of logistics and SCM pertaining to their novelty, importance and interdependence. SCM needs to develop new performance measures that include measures of energy efficiency, in order to adapt to an environment where the old assumption of low fuel costs does not hold stand.
The impact of logistics uncertainty on sustainable transport operations
Authors: Sanchez‐Rodrigues Vasco , Potter Andrew , Naim Mohamed M.
Published: March 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to refine a logistics triad uncertainty model taking a supply chain perspective, to determine and assess the different causes and sources of supply chain uncertainty that impact on the sustainability of the UK road freight transport sector.

Design/methodology/approach

To clarify the link between sustainability and transport uncertainty, a methodological triangulation strategy is applied combining the results of eight focus groups and an online structured questionnaire.

Findings

The findings indicate that the main drivers impacting the sustainability of transport operations are delays, variable demand/poor information, delivery constraints and insufficient supply chain integration. The consequence of these problems is to reduce the efficiency of transport operations.

Research limitations/implications

The model has been refined based only on participants' perceptions. Therefore, the finding should also be verified through the investigation of real‐world situations. Moreover, the transport uncertainty model needs to be incorporated within a wider business process re‐engineering approach to evaluate solutions to reduce transport uncertainty within supply chains.

Practical implications

The findings further strengthen the understanding of the main uncertainty sources within supply chains in the UK. The internal root causes of uncertainty can be mitigated while external issues have to be accommodated; therefore, mitigation techniques, methods and strategies for reducing external and internal supply chain uncertainty in transport operations need to be identified through the research.

Originality/value

This paper determines the industry perceived economic and environmental risks associated with transport operations in four UK sectors.