bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacto da educação na saúde de pacientes com artrite reumatoide - estudo piloto
Authors: Borges Lorena Costa Duval , Chaves Lidia Assis , Andrade Júnia Amorim , Silva Luiza Cassimiro , Marcelino Ana Letícia Fontes de Oliveira , Chaves Rosalma Aparecida , Kakehasi Adriana Maria , Calderaro Débora Cerqueira
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Grupos de orientação para pacientes com artrite reumatoide (AR) têm boa aceitação, mas benefícios controversos no tratamento dessa doença. Este estudo visa a avaliar seu impacto sobre a qualidade de vida e a dor em pacientes com AR. Métodos: Ensaio clínico piloto de intervenção em grupos de orientação que incluiu 15 pacientes com AR. Foram realizados 12 encontros de duas horas por semanas, que abordaram ações educativas sobre a doença, o tratamento, medidas de proteção articular e conservação de energia, atividades terapêuticas ocupacionais e oficinas de vivências. Foram utilizados a escala visual analógica de dor (EVA dor) e o sistema descritivo em três níveis de cinco dimensões do EuroQol e sua escala visual analógica (EQ-5D-3L e EQ-VAS) para avaliação da qualidade de vida. Resultados: Catorze (93%) pacientes eram do gênero feminino, com idade média 61,27 anos, tempo médio de doença de 19,93 anos. Treze (87%) deles apresentavam deformidades articulares em mãos pela AR. Houve melhora significativa no domínio cuidados pessoais do EQ-5D-3L (p=0,046) e tendência à redução da dor (EVA dor) e melhora da qualidade de vida (EQ-5D-3L e EQVAS), sem significância estatística (P>0,05). Conclusões: Apesar do pequeno número de pacientes incluídos neste estudo piloto, a melhora dos cuidados pessoais, da autopercepção da dor e da qualidade de vida dos pacientes sugere que houve impacto positivo da educação, das atividades terapêuticas ocupacionais e do compartilhamento de vivências entre os pacientes com AR.
Educação interprofissional em saúde e prática colaborativa: uma experiência na formação de residentes
Authors: Nunes Amanda de Souza , Mângia Elisabete Ferreira , Lima Helton Alves de
Published: May 2021

A Educação Interprofissional em Saúde (EIP) e a prática colaborativa são estratégias recomendadas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde para a formação dos profissionais e qualificação das práticas em saúde. O Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde Mental com Ênfase em Dependência Química propõe um processo formativo alinhado à essas recomendações. Dentre os cenários formativos, destaca-se o Ambulatório Noturno de Cuidados em Álcool e outras Drogas (ANCAD). Este estudo visa compreender como a EIP e a prática colaborativa orientam o processo formativo no ANCAD; caracterizar a rotina de trabalho; descrever as percepções dos residentes; e identificar os conhecimentos e habilidades adquiridos no trabalho em equipe. De caráter qualitativo e exploratório, o estudo utilizou para coleta de dados a entrevista focal e observação direta. Os resultados indicaram que as atividades desenvolvidas são construídas e planejadas de maneira coletiva e compartilhada, fato que fomenta o desenvolvimento de competências para a interprofissionalidade. O ANCAD investe na criação de espaços de reflexão e debate sobrereferenciais teóricos e atividades assistenciais pertinentes ao objetivo de qualificar os profissionais para o cuidado em saúde mental no campo de álcool e outras drogas.
Development of Care Curves Following the Stage 1 Palliation: A Comparison of Intensive Care Among 5 Centers
Authors: Sperotto Francesca , Davidson Jesse A. , Smith‐Parrish Melissa N. , Elhoff Justin J. , Sinha Anjuli , Blinder Joshua J. , Ehrmann Daniel E. , Marino Bradley S. , Kheir John N.
Published: May 2021

Background

Comparison of care among centers is currently limited to major end points, such as mortality, length of stay, or complication rates. Creating “care curves” and comparing individual elements of care over time may highlight modifiable differences in intensive care among centers.

Methods and Results

We performed an observational retrospective study at 5 centers in the United States to describe key elements of postoperative care following the stage 1 palliation. A consecutive sample of 502 infants undergoing stage 1 palliation between January 2009 and December 2018 were included. All electronic health record entries relating to mandatory mechanical ventilator rate, opioid administration, and fluid intake/outputs between postoperative days (POD) 0 to 28 were extracted from each institution's data warehouse. During the study period, 502 patients underwent stage 1 palliation among the 5 centers. Patients were weaned to a median mandatory mechanical ventilator rate of 10 breaths/minute by POD 4 at Center 5 but not until POD 7 to 8 at Centers 1 and 2. Opioid administration peaked on POD 2 with extreme variance (median 6.9 versus 1.6 mg/kg per day at Center 3 versus Center 2). Daily fluid balance trends were variable: on POD 3 Center 1 had a median fluid balance of −51 mL/kg per day, ranging between −34 to 19 mL/kg per day among remaining centers. Intercenter differences persist after adjusting for patient and surgical characteristics (
P
<0.001 for each end point).

Conclusions

It is possible to detail and compare individual elements of care over time that represent modifiable differences among centers, which persist even after adjusting for patient factors. Care curves may be used to guide collaborative quality improvement initiatives.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Management and Outcomes of Cardiac Arrest Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Subramaniam Anna V. , Patlolla Sri Harsha , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Sundaragiri Pranathi R. , Miller P. Elliott , Barsness Gregory W. , Bell Malcolm R. , Holmes David R. , Vallabhajosyula Saraschandra
Published: May 2021

Background

The role of race and ethnicity in the outcomes of cardiac arrest (CA) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is incompletely understood.

Methods and Results

This was a retrospective cohort study of adult admissions with AMI‐CA from the National Inpatient Sample (2012–2017). Self‐reported race/ethnicity was classified as White, Black, and others (Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander, Native American, Other). Outcomes of interest included in‐hospital mortality, coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention, palliative care consultation, do‐not‐resuscitate status use, hospitalization costs, hospital length of stay, and discharge disposition. Of the 3.5 million admissions with AMI, CA was noted in 182 750 (5.2%), with White, Black, and other races/ethnicities constituting 74.8%, 10.7%, and 14.5%, respectively. Black patients admitted with AMI‐CA were more likely to be female, with more comorbidities, higher rates of non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, and higher neurological and renal failure. Admissions of patients of Black and other races/ethnicities underwent coronary angiography (61.9% versus 70.2% versus 73.1%) and percutaneous coronary intervention (44.6% versus 53.0% versus 58.1%) less frequently compared to patients of white race (
p
<0.001). Admissions of patients with AMI‐CA had significantly higher unadjusted mortality (47.4% and 47.4%) as compared with White patients admitted (40.9%). In adjusted analyses, Black race was associated with lower in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91–0.99;
P
=0.007) whereas other races had higher in‐hospital mortality (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.08–1.15;
P
<0.001) compared with White race. Admissions of Black patients with AMI‐CA had longer length of hospital stay, higher rates of palliative care consultation, less frequent do‐not‐resuscitate status use, and fewer discharges to home (all
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Racial and ethnic minorities received less frequent guideline‐directed procedures and had higher in‐hospital mortality and worse outcomes in AMI‐CA.
Clinical Implications of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Dip Following Sodium‐Glucose Cotransporter‐2 Inhibitor Initiation on Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes
Authors: Xie Yan , Bowe Benjamin , Gibson Andrew K. , McGill Janet B. , Maddukuri Geetha , Al‐Aly Ziyad
Published: May 2021

Background

The frequency of the initial short‐term decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), eGFR dip, following initiation of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and its clinical implications in real‐world practice are not clear.

Methods and Results

We built a cohort of 36 638 new users of SGLT2i and 209 025 new users of other antihyperglycemics. Inverse probability weighting was used to estimate the excess rate of eGFR dip, risk of the composite cardiovascular outcome of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, or all‐cause mortality, and risk of the composite kidney outcome of eGFR decline >50%, end‐stage kidney disease, or all‐cause mortality. In the first 6 months of therapy, compared with other antihyperglycemics, excess rates of eGFR dip >10% and eGFR dip >30% were 9.86 (95% CI: 8.83–11.00) and 1.15 (0.70–1.62) per 100 SGLT2i users, respectively. In mediation analyses that accounted for eGFR dipping, SGLT2i use was associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular and kidney outcomes (hazard ratio, 0.92 [0.84–0.99] and 0.78 [0.71–0.87], respectively); the magnitude of the association reduced by eGFR dipping was small for both outcomes. SGLT2i was associated with reduced risk of both outcomes in those with higher than average probability of eGFR dip >10% or 30%. Compared with discontinuation, continued use of SGLT2i at 6 months was associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in those with no eGFR dip or eGFR dip ≤10%, in those with eGFR dip >10%, and in those with eGFR dip >30%.

Conclusions

The salutary association of SGLT2i with cardiovascular and kidney outcomes was maintained regardless of eGFR dipping; concerns about eGFR dipping should not preclude use, and occurrence of eGFR dip after SGLT2i initiation may not warrant discontinuation.
Longitudinal Measures of Blood Pressure and Subclinical Atrial Arrhythmias: The MESA and the ARIC Study
Authors: Harding Barbara N. , Norby Faye L. , Heckbert Susan R. , McKnight Barbara , Psaty Bruce M. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Floyd James S. , Chen Lin Yee
Published: May 2021

Background

High blood pressure (BP) is a well‐known risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), but a single BP measurement may provide limited information about AF risk in older adults.

Methods and Results

This study included 1256 MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) and 1948 ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study participants who underwent extended ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and who were free of clinically detected cardiovascular disease, including AF. Using BP measurements from 6 examinations (2000–2018 in MESA and 1987–2017 in ARIC study), we calculated individual long‐term mean, trend, and detrended visit‐to‐visit variability in systolic BP and pulse pressure for each participant. Outcomes, assessed at examination 6, included subclinical AF and supraventricular ectopy. Results from each study were combined with inverse variance‐weighted meta‐analysis. At examination 6, the mean age was 73 years in MESA and 79 years in ARIC study, and 4% had subclinical AF. Higher visit‐to‐visit detrended variability in systolic BP was associated with a greater prevalence of subclinical AF (odds ratio [OR], 1.20; 95% CI, 1.02–1.38) and with more premature atrial contractions/hour (geometric mean ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01–1.15). For pulse pressure as well, higher visit‐to‐visit detrended variability was associated with a greater prevalence of AF (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.00–1.37). In addition, higher long‐term mean pulse pressure was associated with a greater prevalence of subclinical AF (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.08–1.70).

Conclusions

Antecedent visit‐to‐visit variability in systolic BP and pulse pressure, but not current BP, is associated with a higher prevalence of subclinical atrial arrhythmias. Prior longitudinal BP assessment, rather than current BP, may be more helpful in identifying older adults who are at higher risk of atrial arrhythmias.
‘If I Could Just Touch the Hem of His Garment’
Authors: Green Chris E.W.
Published: May 2021

This article proposes an ontology and praxis of mediation for the sake of ecumenical dialog, showing that the Pentecostal theological and spiritual tradition does not necessarily deny mediation or challenge its goodness, even if it does decry clericalism and ‘ecclesio-monism’. Instead, Pentecostals hold to confidence in the freedom of God to work however and whenever is best for us, always so that ‘the means of grace’ prove to be more than mere instruments or channels of divine power.
Wesley, Fletcher, and the Baptism of the Holy Spirit
Authors: Butler Geoffrey
Published: May 2021

Long regarded as a spiritual grandfather of sorts for the Pentecostal movement, John Wesley has been credited by some as paving the way for their doctrinal distinctive of Spirit baptism through his teaching on entire sanctification. Yet, Wesley’s language surrounding Spirit baptism and the meaning of Pentecost differs significantly from that of classical Pentecostalism, calling into question whether a direct line can be drawn from Wesley himself to this Pentecostal distinctive. This article makes the case that their doctrine of Spirit baptism owes much more to the theology of Wesley’s intended successor John Fletcher and the Holiness movement that followed than Wesley’s doctrine of entire sanctification, and that one may find in Fletcher’s theology the seeds that would culminate in this Pentecostal doctrine easier than one could in Wesley’s theology.
Ahd. slecko m. ‚Schnecke‘
Authors: Schuhmann Roland
Published: May 2021

Under the forms listed for the lemma Old High German snecko m. ‚snail‘ also a variant ‹ slecco › is mentioned. The ‑l‑ must then be the result either of a scribal error, a dissimilation or an assimilation. However, there is in Dutch a word for snail that also shows ‑l‑, Middle Dutch slecke (f.). It is argued here that Old High German slecko is a separate lemma that corresponds to Middle Dutch slecke.
Checklist of Kilimanjaro grasses shows that both plot and herbarium methods are necessary to record diversity

Authors: PRUNERA-OLIVÉ JOAN , VORONTSOVA MARIA S. , WILLIAMS EMMA V. , MOLLEL NEDUVOTO P. , HEMP ANDREAS
Published: May 2021

Does traditional generalist herbarium collecting record grass diversity more effectively than plot-based recording common in ecology? We present a checklist of the Poaceae of Mount Kilimanjaro compiled from two datasets: records from 1646 plots of 0.1ha each made since the 1990s, as well as all the specimens held at K and NHT herbaria. We record a total of 276 species in 90 genera represented by 1510 herbarium collections in both datasets; inclusion of unvouchered observations increases the diversity recorded to 288 species in 94 genera. Seventy four species were recorded only once, either through plots or herbarium collecting. Further unrecorded species are likely to be found. The herbarium and plot datasets proved more different than expected, with only 55% of species recorded by both datasets. The difficulties of grass identification and recognition in the field may have compounded selection biases inherent to both techniques. We urge both general collectors and plant ecologists to broaden their sampling techniques to capture more of the true diversity in ecosystems such as those of Mount Kilimanjaro.
Morphology and phylogeny of a new species, Pseudocercospora haldinae (Mycosphaerellaceae) on Haldina cordifolia from India

Authors: YADAV SANJAY , VERMA SANJEET KUMAR , SINGH VINAY KUMAR , SINGH RAGHVENDRA , SINGH ARCHANA , KUMAR SHAMBHU
Published: May 2021

Pseudocercospora haldinae, a new anamorphic foliicolous hyphomycetous fungus discovered on living leaves of Haldina cordifolia (Rubiaceae) is taxonomically described and illustrated. This species is compared with closely related species of Pseudocercospora and other dematiaceous cercosporoid forms reported on the same host genus. The phylogeny of this species has been inferred from partial nuclear ribosomal 28S large subunit (LSU) and complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequence data. On the basis of LSU, P. haldinae represents characteristic features of Pseudocercospora s. str. and did not form red crystals when cultivated on agar media.
Review of the southern African Leptestheriidae (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata) I: redescription of Leptestheria brevirostris Barnard, 1924 with comments on diagnostic characters
Authors: ROGERS D. CHRISTOPHER , TLADI MURPHY , WASSERMAN RYAN J. , MEYER-MILNE ELIZABETH
Published: May 2021

We present the first records of Leptestheria brevirostris since its discovery in Namibia by Barnard in 1924. Our records come from Botswana and South Africa, and present significant range extensions. We redescribe L. brevirostris according to modern standards and present the first description of the male. We also discovered that L. brevirostris is likely a rock pool specialist, specific to sandstone and gneiss outcrops; this is the first record of a rock pool specialist clam shrimp from Africa and the second rock pool specialist described for Leptestheriidae. Finally, we depict and discuss the validity and usefulness of diagnostic characters for Leptestheria species in southern Africa, especially the usefulness of carapace interval ornamentation.
The Transparency Challenge in Environmental Organizations: Factors Influencing Whether Institutions Collect and Reveal Diversity Data
Authors: Taylor Dorceta E.
Published: May 2021

In recent years, diversity advocates have organized a national campaign to get environmental organizations to reveal data on their institutions’ demographic characteristics publicly. Environmental organizations are urged to be more transparent and put their data on GuideStar (renamed Candid). Past research indicates that as of 2018, less than 4% of the organizations have done so. Still, diversity and transparency campaigns focus on disclosing data on Candid. Despite the push to get environmental nonprofits to disclose their demographic data, scholars and diversity advocates have not investigated if and how organizations collect and reveal demographic and other types of diversity data. This article addresses this gap in our knowledge about environmental institutions’ collection and disclosure of diversity data. The article reports the findings of a national study of 516 environmental organizations that analyze the following questions: (a) To what extent do environmental nonprofits collect diversity data? (b) What kinds of diversity data do organizations collect? (c) Why do organizations collect or refrain from collecting diversity data? (d) Where do organizations disclose their diversity data if they collect any? I collected the data reported here in 2018. The study assessed if organizations collected data on 12 different diversity metrics. The study found that 31.4% of the nonprofits collected or tracked data on at least one metric. Nonprofits are also more likely to collect data than to divulge them. Almost 26% of the organizations said they shared data on at least one diversity metric. The results show that a much higher percentage of organizations collect and reveal data than are currently disclosing such data on Candid. The research also found that organizations are more likely to collect data on their boards than on their staff. The nonprofits are more likely to share diversity data with funders and their boards than any other kinds of external or internal sources. The findings suggest that in crafting diversity and transparency campaigns, diversity advocates should pay more attention to the kinds of data organizations collect and how they reveal such data.
The financialization of non-financial firms: The case of South Korea, 1997–2015
Authors: Park Chan-ung , Han Gru
Published: May 2021

Sociologists have been investigating financialization over the past two decades. Shareholder value orientation has been named as one of the central driving forces for financialization in the US. However, financialization also takes place in countries that do not have a strong shareholder value orientation. What drives financialization in these countries? In this article the authors analyze data for Korea, where the power of shareholders is particularly subdued, and present two findings. First, financialization is an unintended consequence of the state’s pressure on family-owned conglomerates to comply with the Western standard imposed by the IMF during the economic crisis. In the absence of strong shareholders, it was the interplay between the state’s demand to modernize corporate funding practices and the conglomerates’ apparent compliance while minimizing their financial liability. Second, the authors investigate the role powerful unions have in financialization. Previous studies have theorized that unions would have negative effects on financialization, only to come up with mixed results. Using Korean data, this article reveals that in a setting where the political and organizational power of unions is strong, unions have clear negative effects on financialization. The authors suggest that the standard story of financialization, according to which the mighty shareholders push firms to pursue short-term profit, is only one of many possible paths toward it.
A Rare Pediatric Case of Cefixime Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Authors: Babu Tirin , Panachiyil George Mathew , Vasudev Prajwala Hassan , Ravi Mandyam Dhati
Published: May 2021

Cefixime is a third-generation cephalosporin that has been used for the treatment of a wide range of infections in children and adults. The incidence of cefixime induced toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is less than 2% in adults, but it is infrequent among pediatric patients. We report a rare case of cefixime induced TEN in a 7-year-old boy. In this case, the child presented with symptoms of TEN after 2 days of administration of cefixime. This case highlights the need to select structurally different antibiotics in case of antibiotic-induced severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SCAR) to avoid recurrence of SCAR. Furthermore, concluded that irrational use of antibiotics could be disastrous as it can result in TEN as the incidence of antibiotics induced TEN ranges from 29% to 42%.
Applying Human Factors Engineering to Address the Telemetry Alarm Problem in a Large Medical Center
Authors: Patterson Emily S. , Rayo Michael F. , Edworthy Judy Reed , Moffatt-Bruce Susan D.
Published: May 2021

Objective

Address the alarm problem by redesigning, reorganizing, and reprioritizing to better discriminate alarm sounds and displays in a hospital.

Background

Alarms in hospitals are frequently misunderstood, disregarded, and overridden.

Method

Discovery-oriented, intervention, and translational studies were conducted. Study objectives and measures varied, but had the shared goals of increasing positive predictive value (PPV) of critical alarms by reducing low-PPV alarms in the background, prioritizing alarms, redesigning alarm sounds to increase information content, and transparently conveying who initiated alarms. An alarm ontology was iteratively generated and refined until consensus was achieved.

Results

The ontology distinguishes five levels of urgency that incorporate likely PPV, three categories for who initiates the alarm (hospital staff, patient, or machine), whether it is clinical or technical, and clinical functions.

Conclusion

This unique collaboration allowed us to make progress on the alarm problem by making unintuitive leaps, avoiding common missteps, and refuting conventional healthcare approaches.

Application

Hospitals can consistently redesign, reorganize, reprioritize, and better discriminate alarms by priority, PPV, and content to reduce nurse response times.
Risk Factors for Complicated Grief in the Military Community
Authors: Seamon-Lahiff Grace E. , Dooley Chantel M. , Bartone Paul T. , Carroll Bonnie
Published: May 2021

Death, grief, and loss have always been a part of the military community. Historically, research on grief in the military has focused on the impact of combat operations and deployment separations on the grief experience of service members and loved ones. However, as the transient nature of military life and the dangers of military service exist outside of combat operations and military deployments, it is important to examine how grief may impact the military community in times of peace as well as war. The purpose of this commentary is to discuss the components of the military community that place its members at a higher risk of experiencing complicated grief.
Understanding emotion as a strategy in policing
Authors: Sweeney Kevin
Published: May 2021

This article reviews neuroscience and cognitive psychology literature to understand how trauma and emotion impact policing and why some strategies are counterproductive by threatening police legitimacy. This review further illuminates the pernicious effect of stress in the policing environment, in both officer and citizen. Therefore, the article makes the point that the current focus on tactical training and the ‘warrior ethos’ diminishes community policing values, destroys trust, undermines respect and discourages cooperation while fostering resentment and hostility thus making everyday policing more hazardous. It argues that community policing strategies offer the only path for successful consensus policing in a democracy.
Women Information Technology Professionals: Digital Sisterhood
Authors: Dwivedi Priyanka , Mukherjee Sudeshna
Published: May 2021

This study is an exploratory study of the sisterhood circles among women professionals of the information technology industry. It focused on how the medium of technology helped the women to relate to others, form relations of trust and bond as allies in the virtual world over their common concerns in the real world. Adopting a phenomenological perspective, the research aimed to study the experiences of women sisterhood networks and its impact on their professional lives.
Food for social change in Peru: Narrative and performance of the culinary nation
Authors: Matta Raúl
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the most relevant scholarship produced on the rise of Peruvian cuisine and Peru’s gastro-politics. It focuses on the contexts, processes and protagonists behind the attempt to heal and re-found the nation through food after a period of decline and terror, and on the formulation of ideas of social change aimed at shaping and promoting Peru as an entrepreneurial, vigorous but also more equal and fairer society. It also considers the smaller societal changes that nurtured these ideas, which are varied in nature and scope. Methodologically, the article explores the semantics, practices and ideologies at stake as expressed in public discourse, media content, gastronomic trends and restaurant sourcing. By unfolding central processes of the culinary project: high-end cuisine, the refiguring of indigenous people as producers and the use of cultural identity as an authenticating force, it offers a critical reading of the so-called gastronomic revolution, highlighting the ways in which claims to unity and reconciliation, particularly in the incorporation of indigenous people and their food cultures, smooth over ongoing inequalities.
Commensality: Networks of personal, family, and community social transformation
Authors: Abarca Meredith E.
Published: May 2021

Commensality is a term that has been used by social scientists to address the practices that lead people to share a meal at a common table. Recently, food scholars have focused beyond the actual act of sharing a meal to specifically study the networks of relationships that come together to make this sharing of a meal possible. Through the analysis of three food-centered oral histories I gathered in 2018–2019 for El Paso Food Voices digital project, part of the Institute of Oral History at the University of Texas at El Paso, I illustrate how an individual’s evolving relationship with food gives form to everyday commensalities. To understand the kinds of social transformations that emerge at the personal, familial, and community level, I am calling these commensalities ancestral, embodied, and responsible. The stories I present emphasize how each individual reached a turning point that changed them as cooks, infused food with culturally specific symbolism and socio-economic realities, and transformed cooking into an act of social responsibility. The overall goal is to stress that food is transformative and acts of significant social change are experienced through individuals’ everyday culinary practices.
Food in transition: The place of food in the theories of transition
Authors: Poulain Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2021

Among the different theories used to explain social change, the transition theory holds a special place. It has been applied to subjects such as demography, epidemiology, nutrition, etc. and most often from a multidisciplinary perspective. However, beyond the apparent uniqueness of the transition label there are quite different theoretical frameworks and presuppositions, which can be a source of misunderstanding. A first perspective considers change as the transition from one stable state to another and concentrates on the processes at work in the transition phase. It focuses attention on the interactions between cultural and biological variables and tries to take into account the consequences of the fact that they move at different rates. A second perspective conceives change as a series of stages (more or less stable situations) and proceeds to analyse the structural transformation of the organisation at each stage. The emphasis is placed on the transformations that take place during these stages. This brings us closer to the theory of stages. Finally, a third perspective combines stages and transitions. Change is seen as part of an evolutionary and progressive movement and as being reversible or not. This article studies the cognitive organisation of the different theoretical variants of the transition model in which food plays a more or less important role.
Health-Promoting Behaviors among Nursing Students: Palestinian Perspective
Authors: Fashafsheh Imad , Al-Ghabeesh Suhair Hussni , Ayed Ahmad , Salama Basma , Batran Ahmad , Bawadi Hala
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to assess the health-promoting lifestyle behaviors of nursing students at Arab American University Palestine, Palestine. A cross-sectional design was used, 350 participants filled the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. The total HPLP score was 138.57 ± 22. Spiritual growth had the highest mean and physical activity had the lowest subscale. A significant relationship between the age of students and the sub-scales of stress management as well as physical activity. However, gender and spiritual growth subscale differed significantly. Also, there was a significant difference between students’ year level and physical activity. University administrators and staff should provide guidance to progress with more actual strategies to improve nursing students’ health-promoting behaviors.
Development and Psychometric Properties of the Hate-Motivated Behavior Checklist (HMBC)
Authors: Cramer Robert J. , Kehn Andre , Sorby Mariah , Nobles Matt R. , Long Molly M. , Marsden Jason , Deitle Cynthia , Griffin Stephen M. , King Angela , Smart Shelley , Fording Richard c.
Published: May 2021

Hate-motivated behavior (HMB) in criminal and noncriminal forms is a public health dilemma. This study is an advanced measurement of the perpetration of HMB through development of the Hate-Motivated Behavior Checklist (HMBC). Through a cross-sectional online-administered survey of adults ( N = 289), we examined: (a) factor structure and internal consistency of HMBC behaviors, (b) descriptive patterns of targeted groups and motivations for HMB, and (c) correlates of HMBC behaviors. Findings support a single-factor HMBC behaviors score with high internal consistency. HMB based on race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and sex were the most commonly endorsed. The most highly endorsed motivations for HMB were perceived intrusion and perceived threat. Antigay prejudice, antilesbian prejudice, positive views of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) and Nazis were among significant correlates of HMB perpetration. The HMBC represents a preliminary research measurement tool for the assessment of HMB in need of further psychometric study.
PROsetta: An R Package for Linking Patient-Reported Outcome Measures
Authors: Choi S. W. , Lim S. , Schalet B. D. , Kaat A. J. , Cella D.
Published: May 2021

A common problem when using a variety of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for diverse populations and subgroups is establishing a harmonized scale for the incommensurate outcomes. The lack of comparability in metrics (e.g., raw summed scores vs. scaled scores) among different PROs poses practical challenges in studies comparing effects across studies and samples. Linking has long been used for practical benefit in educational testing. Applying various linking techniques to PRO data has a relatively short history; however, in recent years, there has been a surge of published studies on linking PROs and other health outcomes, owing in part to concerted efforts such as the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) project and the PRO Rosetta Stone (PROsetta Stone®) project ( www.prosettastone.org ). Many R packages have been developed for linking in educational settings; however, they are not tailored for linking PROs where harmonization of data across clinical studies or settings serves as the main objective. We created the PROsetta package to fill this gap and disseminate a protocol that has been established as a standard practice for linking PROs.
Time Discount Rate of Forest-Dependent Communities: Evidence from Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Balakrishna Sundar , Virmani Vineet
Published: May 2021

Executive Summary

This study presents evidence on time discount rate of forest-dependent communities (FDCs) in the backdrop of the joint forest management program launched by the Government of India in 1990. The study uses data from two regions of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh—Rayalaseema (a relatively dry forest region with low income) and the coastal region (relatively fertile forest and with higher income). We also identify socio-economic determinants of their patience levels and factors which distinguish the two regions. To elicit individual discount rates of FDCs members and their determinants, we use the choice task design methodology. Members from both regions were found to be highly impatient using the standard choice task design with the revealed time discount rate averaging 800% per annum. Members of FDCs from Rayalaseema were more impatient than their counterparts from the coastal region, although the statistical evidence is weak. We find no association between the income of members of FDCs and their time discount rate for both regions. Membership to caste categories showed a different response in both the regions, with members from the Scheduled Caste category and Other Backward Classes found to have a lower discount rate than those from the Scheduled Tribes category of Rayalaseema region and vice versa for the coastal region. For the coastal region, those with larger family size and heads of households were found to have a lower discount rate.
Trends in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment from 2005 to 2018 in South Korea
Authors: Cho Hyoung-Won , Song In-Ae , Oh Tak Kyu
Published: May 2021

Introduction:

This study aimed to investigate trends in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment during 2005–2018 and examine factors associated with in-hospital mortality.

Methods:

We conducted a population-based cohort study based on health records obtained from the National Health Insurance Service database in South Korea. All adult patients (⩾18 years old) who received ECMO treatment in the intensive care unit after hospitalization from 2005 to 2018 were enrolled.

Results:

We analyzed data for 21,129 adult ECMO patients from 128 hospitals. The prevalence of ECMO treatment gradually and continuously increased from 4 per 100,000 individuals (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3–4) in 2005 to 67.4 per 100,000 individuals (95% CI: 65–68) in 2018. There was a significant increase in ECMO treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or respiratory failure (from 2.5% during 2005–2008 to 14.5% during 2016–2018). The overall in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates of the patients were 48.4% and 53.5%, respectively. The in-hospital mortality rate was highest among patients with shock (62.1%) and lowest among ECMO patients with liver failure (21.6%). On multivariable logistic regression, a higher hospital case volume was associated with improvement in in-hospital mortality (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

In South Korea, the prevalence of ECMO treatment has increased gradually and continuously between 2005 and 2018. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of ECMO treatment for ARDS or respiratory failure. Our results support that ECMO treatment indications have been expanding, and ECMO will become vital for treating critically ill patients in the future.
Examining Early Childhood Teacher Candidate’s Perceptions of Diversity Regarding Material Selection
Authors: Storie Sloan O. , Coogle Christan Grygas
Published: May 2021

Providing opportunities for reflection is one way to gain a deeper understanding of teacher candidate’s perceptions of diversity and how their perceptions regarding diversity evolve. We conducted a qualitative content analysis of reflections to explore teacher candidates’ perceptions regarding instructional material selection. By prompting teacher candidates to consider their selection of materials to use with diverse learners within inclusive, bilingual, early childhood classrooms, we were able to organize data within themes and use pattern coding to identify subthemes that emerged. The a priori themes included identify, describe, judge, and apply. Various subthemes emerged within teacher candidates’ reflection matrices (general statements on diversity, combination, age, ability, cultural, and individual). Results revealed that teacher candidates increased their consideration of some areas of diversity (i.e., general statements on diversity, cultural) while others stayed constant (i.e., combination, age, ability).
Magnetic resonance black-blood thrombus imaging can confirm chronic cerebral venous thrombosis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Wu Xiaoqin , Sun Jingkun , Chen Zhiying , Ding Yuchuan , Meng Ran
Published: May 2021

Background

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is easily missed or misdiagnosed in clinical settings because of its high variability in terms of symptoms and radiological findings. Herein, we aimed to explore a promising modality for confirming presumed CVT in the hope to uncover its superior diagnostic performance to conventional imaging modalities. Case presentation: The patient complained of intolerable pain in her forehead and left eye. Her lumbar puncture opening pressure was 140 mmH2O, and her cerebrospinal fluid composition was normal. No marked abnormalities were observed in routine brain images, including non-contrast computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance venography. However, chronic mural thrombi in the lumen of the left cortical veins, transverse/sigmoid sinus, and superior sagittal sinus were identified in magnetic resonance black-blood thrombus imaging (MRBTI) maps.

Conclusions

MRBTI can be used to directly and non-invasively visualize thrombi, and may thus be a promising tool over alternative routine techniques for confirming the diagnosis of CVT.
Topological-Based Measures with Flow Attributes to Identify Critical Links in a Transportation Network
Authors: Takhtfiroozeh Hana , Golias Mihalis , Mishra Sabyasachee
Published: May 2021

An important part of transportation network vulnerability analysis is identifying critical links where failure may lead to severe consequences, and the potential of such incidents cannot be considered negligible. Existing transportation network vulnerability assessment can be categorized as topological, or traffic based. Topological-based assessment identifies the most critical components in the network by considering network structure and connectivity. Traffic-based assessment identifies the most critical components in the network by full-scan analysis and takes into consideration effects of link failures to traffic flow assignment. The former approach does not consider traffic flow dynamics and fails to capture the non-linearity performance function of transport systems while the latter, even though accurate and robust, requires significant computational power and time and may not always be feasible for real life size networks. The primary objective of this paper is to propose new link criticality measures and evaluate their accuracy for transportation network vulnerability assessment. These measures combine characteristics of traffic equilibrium and network topology to balance accuracy and computational complexity. Nine measures are proposed, and their accuracy is compared with three existing traffic-based measures using three case study transportation networks from the literature. Results indicate that three of the proposed measures show strong correlation to the three traffic-based measures while requiring significantly less computational power and time.
Healing and Functional Results of Dermal Allograft Augmentation of Complex and Revision Rotator Cuff Repairs
Authors: Namdari Surena , Nicholson Thema , Brolin Tyler J. , Lu Jeffrey , Abboud Joseph A. , Lazarus Mark D.
Published: May 2021

Background:

Primary rotator cuff repairs in complex cases (older patient age, larger tear sizes, chronic tears) and revision repairs are at high risk for failure of healing.

Purpose:

To examine clinical outcomes and healing rates in complex and revision rotator cuff repairs with dermal allograft augmentation.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A retrospective study was made of cases performed by 3 fellowship-trained surgeons via a uniform technique involving rotator cuff repairs with allograft augmentation. In all cases, a 1.5-mm, human, decellularized dermal graft was tied on top of the tendon at the medial row and compressed to the rotator cuff footprint using a double-row technique. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at a minimum of 6 months and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey scores were collected at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively.

Results:

A total of 35 patients (23 revision repairs, 12 primary complex repairs) were included. The mean patient age was 57.9 years (range, 41.0-70.5 years). All shoulders had 2-tendon tears (supraspinatus and infraspinatus), and 8 included the upper 50% of the subscapularis. At a minimum of 2 years after surgery (mean, 3.2 years), mean ASES and SANE scores improved from 42.4 and 35.3 to 77.6 and 73.5, respectively ( P < .001). In the 23 patients (66%) with postoperative MRI evaluation, 11 (48%) had images showing the tendons were retorn. ASES (89.7 vs 66.4; P = .04) and SANE (84.1 vs 50.5; P = .02) scores were higher in healed patients than those with retears. The retear group had a higher degree of preoperative fatty atrophy of the infraspinatus ( P = .024).

Conclusion:

Double-row arthroscopic repair with dermal allograft augmentation of complex and revision rotator cuff tears led to improved functional outcomes. Approximately half of patients experienced a failure of healing, which was associated with poorer functional results.
Mental Health and Wellness of Service Providers Working with People Experiencing Homelessness in Canada: A National Survey from the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kerman Nick , Ecker John , Gaetz Stephen , Tiderington Emmy , A. Kidd Sean
Published: May 2021

Objective:

This study examined the scope of common mental health problems and perceived impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic among direct service providers working with people experiencing homelessness in Canada.

Method:

This cross-sectional study used an online survey that was disseminated to homeless service, supportive housing, and harm reduction organizations and networks. Data were collected on depression, anxiety, stress, post-traumatic stress, compassion satisfaction and fatigue, and substance use problems as well as pandemic-related changes in mental health and wellness. A total of 701 service providers completed the survey and were included in data analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the primary research questions, with hierarchical multiple regression models also being fit to explore mental health and wellness differences by occupational service setting.

Results:

Most direct service providers (79.5%) working with people experiencing homelessness reported a decline in their mental health during the pandemic. There were high rates of common mental health problems within the sample that are largely consistent with those found among health-care workers during the pandemic. Occupational service settings were not associated with the severity of mental health problems, indicating pervasive issues across the workforce, though providers who were younger and spent more time in direct service roles were at greater risk.

Conclusions:

The common mental health problems and negative impacts of the pandemic among service providers working with people experiencing homelessness highlight a highly vulnerable workforce that could benefit from improved access to supports. Given the similarities between our findings and other studies examining essential workforces, it is recommended that initiatives that provide accessible mental health care to the health-care workforce during the pandemic be expanded to include homeless and social service providers.
Development of the School Counselor Efficacy for College Knowledge Questionnaire
Authors: Nice Matthew L. , Joseph Matthew , Kolbert Jered B. , Hilts Derron N. , Crothers Laura M. , Kratsa Kristi
Published: May 2021

The present work describes the development of a new measure of school counselors’ perceived self-efficacy regarding their knowledge of information and processes necessary to effectively guide their students through the college transition process. Researchers developed the School Counselor Efficacy for College Knowledge Questionnaire and examined data from a national sample of 600 school counselors to determine its psychometric properties and factor structure. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported use of a modified five-factor model. Results showed strong internal consistency and preliminary evidence for convergent and divergent validity of the resultant scales.