bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methods for evaluating chaga extraction effectiveness based on its porosity change
Authors: Safin R R , Gainullin Renat H , Safina A V , Gainullin Rishat H
Published: December 2022

The article presents the results of experimental studies of changes in chaga physical parameters in course of aqueous extraction and a method for evaluating the efficiency of target components extraction based on changes in porosity for different zones of the fungus. Cutting-edge techniques and experimental plants were used in the research to determine the physical parameters of solid porous bodies: weight, volume, apparent volume, average density, apparent density, and porosity. It was found that four of the six physical parameters studied, i.e. weight, volume of the sample, apparent volume and average density had a negative change and two, namely apparent density and porosity, had a positive change. The percolation method was used to determine the quantitative yield of extractive substances for various zones of chaga. The largest values of parameter changes are typical for samples from the outer zone (sclerotium) and the fruit body, the smallest - for a sample from the inner layer of the chaga (the place adjacent to the tree trunk). This confirms the hypothesis of the greatest value of chaga elements related to the sclerotium and fruit body zones. A technique has been developed to determine the efficiency of the extraction process by the changes in chaga porosity. The dependence of the degree of extraction on changes in porosity for different layers of chaga has been established and mathematically described, which will allow for a comparative analysis of various extraction methods.
Physical and chemical processes of fuel change during ignition in diesel engine
Authors: Alatyrev S S , Kazakov Y F , Vasiliev A O , Maksimov I I , Pushkarenko N N , Likhanov V A , Anfilatov A A
Published: December 2022

The combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in the combustion chambers of diesel engines is preceded by processes of both physical and chemical transformations. The nature of the chemical transformations and their effect on the workflow are usually not taken into account. Meanwhile, their role in ensuring the efficiency of the workflow is very large. Chemical transformations in hydrocarbon fuels in combustion chambers cause the appearance of products capable of self-ignition under the influence of temperatures and pressures arising at the end of the compression stroke. The chain of these transformations ends with the formation of soot particles, the burning of which with abundant heat release in the form of radiant energy has a significant effect on the value of the indicator efficiency. The content and ways of influencing chemical transformations in fuel are considered, as well as the use of these transformations in increasing the combustion efficiency of fuels and increasing the indicator efficiency.
Relaxation of ultrasound in LuxMn1-xS
Authors: Sitnikov M N , Aplesnin S S , Uvaev I V , Mashkov P P , Pavlova A N
Published: December 2022

Relaxation phenomena are studied in LuxMn1-xS solid solution using ultrasound in the temperature range of 80-500 K. The relaxation time of the ultrasound attenuation coefficient and relaxation maximum are determined. The dependencies of the attenuation coefficient of ultrasound on frequency and intensity are found. The current induced by ultrasound is determined.
Anti-vortex device for stabilization of measuring parameters in apparatus for biofuel production
Authors: Bashmur K A , Shvetsov N S , Tynchenko V S , Pavlova P L , Kurashkin S O , Sergienko R B
Published: December 2022

The article deals with the problem of metrological support of innovative technologies, in particular, related to the production of promising renewable energy sources such as biofuels. In the process of biofuel separation, it is very important to monitor various technological parameters: pressure, flow, liquid level, temperature, etc. For this purpose, measuring devices are used as part of the automation of technological processes. At the same time, flow turbulence can have a significant impact on the accuracy of the readings of these devices. Often, the transition from laminar to turbulent flow is associated with the formation of a vortex when overcoming the flow of various constrictions at the outlet of the installations. The paper considers a method for preventing the formation of vortices through the use of a anti-vortex device (AVD). Computer modeling of the fluid flow in the SolidWorks software package was carried out in order to determine the optimal geometric characteristics of the AVD. In particular, the influence of the gap in the AVD and its plate diameter was studied.
Investigation of inertia and sensibility of net radiometer
Authors: Kuznetsov A D , Nikitina V S , Saenko A G , Simakina T E , Voskanyan K L
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a method for calculating the sensibility and inertia of net radiometer. The concept of lag coefficient of net radiometer is introduced. The effect of wind speed on the time course of the temperature difference between the plates of the net radiometer was investigated. It is presented that with the development of wind speed and sensibility, the lag coefficient of net radiometer decreases. The recommendations on the practical application of methods for automatically taking into account the inertia error of devices in production measurements are given.
Computational analysis of data transmission models in satellite systems for aircraft trajectory control
Authors: Testoyedov N A , Kovalev D I , Golovenkin E N , Voroshilova A A , Andronov A S , Borovinsky D V
Published: December 2022

The paper considers the application of the computational analysis of data transmission models in satellite systems for aircraft trajectory control. A system for monitoring the trajectory of aircraft using satellite communication systems Iridium and Inmarsat is presented. The scheme of communication between the aircraft board and the control tower takes into account the peculiarities of extreme conditions typical for the Arctic and the Far North. An example of calculating the probability of code combination transformations for an asymmetric channel with independent errors is considered. In this case, the calculations follow the provisions of the theorems of probability theory. Modeled data rates for satellite communication systems Iridium and Inmarsat. It is concluded that the Iridium and Inmarsat systems have a high data transfer rate and a low error rate, and their use as communication systems for transmitting data from an aircraft to an air traffic control center is justified.
A model of the stable functioning of the data collection, processing and protection system
Authors: Malafeyev Oleg , Redinskikh Nadezhda , Zaitseva Irina , Kolesov Dmitry , Smirnova Tatyana , Shlaev Dmitry
Published: December 2022

The system of data collection, processing and protection is considered. In such system data is transmitted via data channels from the data collection and processing blocks to the data protection block. The received data arrays are stored in the data protection block. The functioning termination one of the data collection blocks may lead to the loss of the received data. The problem of ensuring the stable functioning of the system for collecting, processing and protecting data is formalized and studied in this paper. It is also considered the case when the system has a data backup block. An illustrative numerical example is solved.
Mathematical model of intelligent decision support based on hierarchical logical constructions
Authors: Bolnokin V E , Sorokin S A , Mutin D I , Mutina E I , Storozhev S V , Storozhev V I , Yu Zaslavskaya O
Published: December 2022

The paper is devoted to the investigation of mathematical model of intelligent decision support based on a hierarchical logical construction. Hierarchical logical constructions and forecasting variables are described. The goal of hierarchical logical construction analysis is to get the most accurate forecast possible. Models and algorithms of an intelligent decision support system using a hierarchical logical construction are described.
Neural network modeling of flow hydrodynamics in packed bed reactors
Authors: Mukhametzyanova A G , Bronskaya V V , Bashkirov D V , Ignashina T V , Balzamov D S , Kharitonova O S
Published: December 2022

This paper presents the results of determination of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the packed bed reactor using an artificial neural network. Experimental and model values of the pressure drop are obtained, a graphical dependence of the hydraulic resistance of the packed bed on the fictitious gas velocity is constructed. In recent years, the processes of complex separation of gas and liquid mixtures have attracted considerable attention, both in academic research and in industrial applications, since they combine the advantages of flow recirculation and cost reduction by reducing equipment units. However, the design of separation processes, especially when it comes to the packed bed reactor, is still a difficult task for chemical engineers due to the difficulties associated with obtaining process models that can reliably describe the mutually influencing processes and phenomena, including simultaneous separation reactions, heat exchange in the conditions of the hydrodynamics of the packed bed reactor. The complex behavior of the process forced to look for a very reliable and powerful tool for modeling and simulating the dynamics of the packed bed reactor. Neural networks are one of the strategies proposed for solving such problems, since they can be trained to process and describe complex phenomena. This paper presents an approach using a neural network and the laws of physics with regression analysis. The efficiency and reliability of these method are proved by numerical experiment in comparison with experimental data taking into account various initial/boundary conditions. Thus, in this paper, neural networks are developed and modeled using Wolfram Mathematica to predict the resistance of the packed bed of the column.
Modulation and coding scheme in SCMA communication system
Authors: Pokamestov D A , Kryukov Ya V , Kanatbekuli I , Rogozhnikov E V , Abenov R R
Published: December 2022

Communication networks of future generations should provide a high level of spectral efficiency. The multiple access method is one of the technologies that directly affect this parameter. During the discussion of fifth-generation communication networks, a new approach to designing the non-orthogonal multiple access was proposed. One of the implementation techniques of this approach is sparse code multiple access. In the article, we consider this method and propose an approach to the development of a modulation code scheme to evaluate the sparse code multiple access performance and efficiency under transmission conditions close to reality. The approach is based on a similar modulation code scheme of existing communication systems. To form sparse code multiple access symbols, a codebook based on the mother constellation rotation and interleaving method is considered. We also introduce a modulation code scheme table for SCMA communication systems and evaluate their spectral efficiency.
Study of the effect of the annular gap between the kta housing and the transverse segment partitions on the heat exchange efficiency
Authors: Nasibullina O A , Kasintseva D D
Published: December 2022

In modern industry, specially designed devices, called heat exchangers, are used to carry out heat exchange between working bodies (heat exchangers). They are widely used in all industries (chemical, oil and gas, food, etc.), which is due to the high reliability of the design, high productivity, simplicity of design and a variety of types and designs. The objective of the investigation is to simulate heat exchange in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger without an annular gap between the housing and segment transverse partitions and with a gap equal to 6 mm, and then determine at which of these two gaps the heat exchanger thermal efficiency is highest. The simulation was performed in ANSYS Workbench. The comparison of the energy efficiency of the apparatus was made using the Kirpichev criterion. This criterion is quite simple and does not require finding a large number of various parameters. With this criterion, it is possible to determine in which case the heat exchanger will be most advantageous in terms of energy efficiency.
2D splash mode
Authors: Plachenov Alexandr , Dyakova Galina
Published: December 2022

A simple solution of the wave equation with two spatial variables having a similarity to the well known splash mode solutions is presented. It depends on two free parameters and describes a localized few-cycle pulse having finite energy. The behavior of the solution is studied both in the vicinity of the focus and at large times and distances. It was found that its real part at all points and at all instants of time is strictly positive. Integral representations for the solutions are derived and an expression for its total energy is found.
A simulation modeling approach used in the crude oil refining process
Authors: Tugashova Larisa , Bazhenov Ruslan , Abdyldaeva Umut , Korosteleva Irina , Muromtseva Elena
Published: December 2022

Mathematical and simulation modeling methods are applied when defining parameters of effective operation of oil fractionation. There is a review of software packages of process modeling used for refining ventures in the study. Multisphere model of oil fractionation with a low capacity applied is offered in the paper. The designed model allows taking into account constructive peculiarities of the equipment of small capacity units. The flow diagram of the model calculation algorithm with the additional evaluator of petroleum products quality indices is given by the authors. A design matrix for a three-factor experiment involving a multisphere model is obtained. An orthogonal central composite design has been applied to improve the accuracy of the model and to consider a non-linear parameter link. The MatLab software was chosen as an enabler. The criterion was the energy cost of separation. Factors affecting the criterion are flow rate of superheated water steam, reflux rate, potential light fractions in the crude/feed. The adequate obtained regression quadratic dependency towards the initial values by Fisher’s criterion has been assessed. The average relative error was 0.21 percent. The obtained statistical model can be applied for solving an optimization problem by the criterion of power consumption within a variable fractional composition of the raw material. Quality indices of oil products (gasoline fraction and diesel oil) serve as constraints. The offered statistical model applied at oil fractionation low-power facilities promotes the efficiency of plant operation improvement and the efficiency of obtaining information about the quality of oil products.
Modeling and multicriterial optimization of the mortise forming process in pine wood blanks
Authors: Rubleva Olga
Published: December 2022

The forming of the joint profile is an important stage in the technological process of manufacturing joints for wood splicing. A promising direction for improving this technology stage is the development of waste-free methods for the formation of high-quality finger joints using the technique of local pressing in the longitudinal direction. The introduction of technology into the production process requires a reasonable choice of the parameters of technological modes. One of the most important output parameter of the pressing process is the hardness of the mortise bottom, together with the pressing force and the depth of the densified zone. The first task of the research is the development of a model describing the impact of the technological modes on the hardness of the mortise bottom. The second task is the determination of the modes at which the resulting process parameters, or output functions (pressing force, depth of the densified zone, hardness of the mortise bottom) acquire optimal values. Data processing, their statistical analysis, and obtaining a regression model for determining hardness were carried out using the Statistica software package. The search for the extreme values of the output functions and the search for a compromise solution for finding rational values of the technological modes were carried out using the generalized reduced gradient method realized in the Excel Solver add-in. A predictive model was obtained for the hardness of the mortise bottom depending on the state of the wood and the parameters of the pressed mortise. Rational values of the input factors (moisture content, depth and width of the mortises) and the expected values of the output parameters for pine wood blanks were determined. The obtained values make it possible to recommend the technological modes of end local pressing of mortises in an industrial environment. The objective function has the potential to decrease the width of the mortises and to increase their length. This result can be used to improve the strength characteristics of adhesive joints on multiple pressed mortises and tenons.
Innovative methods and technologies while examining equations of mathematical physics
Authors: Trofimets Elena
Published: December 2022

Teaching disciplines of physics and mathematics in the age of information technology requires innovative teaching methods application. These methods complement traditional forms; they are aimed at developing the systematic and creative thinking of students. The disciplines of the physical and mathematical profile include such discipline as “Equations of Mathematical Physics”. They help students develop skills in creating mathematical models of physical processes and phenomena. It is advisable to apply software packages to create computer models of situational problems when studying the discipline “Equations of Mathematical Physics”. The mathematical packages application makes it possible to take various situations by changing the input parameters of the model on the basis of computer models of physical processes. The problems of mathematical physics are based on the study of the second-order partial differential equations of three main types: hyperbolic, elliptic, and parabolic. The paper discusses the mathematical package MathCad application in the study of free and forced vibrations of a string. Mathematical models of free and forced oscillations are presented. The d’Alembert formula for solving equations of hyperbolic type is presented. The authors describe stages of the study of free vibrations of the membrane in MathCad. Bessel functions are constructed. Membrane surface animation has been created. Observations of membrane vibrations were carried out.
Creation and development of cyber-physical systems under condition of uncertainty interaction of subsystems
Authors: Korshunov Gennady I
Published: December 2022

The tasks of creation and development of cyber-physical systems are considered. Cybernetic and physical subsystems can be presented in digital and analog form. The physical subsystem that simulates nature is presented in an analog form. Physical subsystems and processes, both natural, in particular, and technogenic, can behave like “things in themselves.” Therefore, the processes of synchronization of analog processes with cybernetics are often difficult to formalize or are not performed correctly enough. This applies to both obvious cases in problem areas of ecology, mining, energy, and in computers under conditions of inappropriate behavior of programs, ensuring the reliability of testing. This leads to the emergence of uncertainties accompanying the integration of subsystems and control in the system as a whole. The nature of analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion in the known representation requires taking into account the features at the level of this class of systems. These problems are considered at the levels of deterministic, stochastic and uncertainty. The well-known models of monitoring, control of a physical subsystem cannot be directly used for control. The development of correct control actions is considered from the standpoint of transforming such models. These models for dynamical systems are represented by differential equations. It is necessary to develop input-output models for the subsequent synthesis of controls.
Two approaches for modelling of digital technological innovation in achieving defect-free electronics production
Authors: Korshunov Gennady I
Published: December 2022

The issues of innovative development of high-tech industries are considered. The aim of this development is defect-free production. The achievement of the goal is due to the introduction of technological innovations within the framework of the concept of global technological changes, proposed by Carlotta Perez as a development of the theory of Kondratyev’s cycles. The article discusses the statistical and structural approaches for the implementation of technological innovation. A formalized representation of the formation and selection of functionally necessary and functionally sufficient structures is given. The above approaches are considered in relation to the processes of surface mounting of printed circuit boards. The elements of technology and the possibilities of their improvement in the context of digitalization of processes are considered.
On removal of one undetected paradox in foundations of probability theory
Authors: Iakovlev Serguei I
Published: December 2022

The paper points out a logical contradiction that arises in the modern approach to teaching the foundations of the probability theory. This contradiction is of the following form: 𝝎 = {𝝎}, where 𝝎 is an arbitrary elementary outcome. In modern mathematics the formation of expressions of the form 𝒙 = {𝒙} is unacceptable. Here {𝒙} is a unit set, i.e., a set whose sole element is some element 𝒙 of an arbitrary nature. This paradox 𝝎 = {𝝎} is a consequence of the fact that random events and between them also elementary outcomes 𝝎 are considered as some subsets in the set of all elementary outcomes. It is shown how this contradiction can be easily eliminated by applying the axiomatic method. It is based on the introduction of two simple axioms that impose restrictions on elementary outcomes and on the class of random events under consideration. In addition from these two axioms on the basis of strictly logical reasoning the authors derived the representation of an arbitrary random event in the form of a sum of elementary outcomes favorable to it. Moreover, another non-axiomatic approach to the elimination of this paradox is proposed. In the final part of the paper other variants of the second of the introduced axioms are considered as well.
Computational model of soldered details heating with considering the magnetic field distribution
Authors: Tynchenko Vadim S , Tynchenko Yadviga A , Rogova Daria V , Leonteva Anna A
Published: December 2022

The main purpose of the software application is to simulate the temperature field in the process of induction pack of elements of machine-building structures of the fuel profile, which will further improve the quality of connections. The program simulates the flange heating process during the induction brazing process. The purpose of the developed module is to provide experimental studies of the induction soldering process. The program provides graphic information during the technological process, provides the ability to adjust the technological parameters, and allows the development of the technological process.
Cyber-physical systems control principles and congregation of resources for a centralized and decentralized artificial intelligence
Authors: Gurjanov Andrey V , Babenkov Valery I , Zharinov Igor O , Zharinov Oleg O
Published: December 2022

The cyber-physical systems control task is being studied and their congregations based on artificial intelligence calculation resources. An artificial intelligence made with virtual environment including a digital regulator (control functions) and control object digital twins. An artificial intelligence is viewed as an independent control subject, which could be permitted to be placed in cyber-physical production computing resources (clouds) for a centralized or a decentralized cyber-physical production. There is a scheme and description given of a control system based on an artificial intelligence, which could be applied in practice to regulate horizontal chains of quasi-autonomous cyber-physical systems and production combines of factories being functioned in the Industry 4.0 infrastructural conditions.
Simulation modeling of gas exchange processes based on physical factors and effects with the implementation that uses big data analysis methods
Authors: Skovpin Nikolay , Parinov Maksim
Published: December 2022

The paper presents models that allow calculating and optimizing decompression parameters based on the physical description of gas exchange processes. The main feature of the work is the correction of the known tabular data not only based on the user’s decision, but also using physical models that describe a gas exchange in the body. This can significantly improve the quality of decompression planning. The result is achieved since the difference in decompression processes is primarily described not by physiological, but by physical factors. The work presents a detailed diagram of the modules included in it, describes the principles of their functioning. The following modules are described: a heat loss module, a gas exchange module, a module for optimization of decompression profiles, a microbubble corrections module, a decompression prediction module that calculates decompression risks based on a distributed analysis and data processing. The decompression risk prediction is based on the calculation of the critical safety level, for which a distributed analysis and data processing technique has been created. The implementation of this technique allows forming a detailed idea of the possibilities of its use in other subject areas.
Theoretical study of a new forging technology with additional macroshift using fem simulation in deform
Authors: Lezhnev Sergey , Panin Evgeniy , Stepankin Igor , Kuis Dmitry
Published: December 2022

In this paper the finite element method is used to simulate the process of forging round-section blanks in strikers of a new design. It is shown that the use of a radial joint of the faces has a positive influence on the hydrostatic pressure distribution along the entire length of the metal-tool contact. The comparative research of models with various values of flat zones inclination angles showed that the best variant is the tool with an angle value 30°. In this case a deep strain distribution over the cross section occurs in the billet with a significantly lower deformation force than when using tool with an angle value 0°. The simulation of the sequence of technological forging operations was also carried out. Two first compressions were performed with the workpiece turning at 90° to close possible internal defects. Then the angle of the turning is lowered to 45° and 30° in order to bring the cross-section shape closer to the round one.
Development of the compressor impeller configuration algorithm
Authors: Yu Pechenina Ekaterina , Pechenin Vadim A , Bolotov Michael A
Published: December 2022

The article addresses the improvement of compressor impeller configuration methods. One of the key parameters of compressor blade assembly quality is the uniform tension in the blade shroud joint. The authors have developed an algorithm for arranging the blades in the compressor impeller, which allows reducing the tension and ensures its uniform distribution. The algorithm kernel is based on a mathematical model developed for calculating shroud tension areas on the suction side and pressure side based on controlled deviations of the airfoil and shroud. The computed areas are used to sort the blades by the increasing tension area on the suction side and the decreasing one on the pressure side. At the final stage, the blades are arranged by their successive choice from among two rows and each next blade from the rows is installed in the casing, next to the pre-installed blades, with the change in the bypass direction. The algorithm is written in Python; 1,000 computing experiments were made to simulate the deviation of the parameters for 84 blades in the set. The algorithm function was compared to the arbitrary arrangement of the blades. As a result, the root-mean-square deviation of the originating tensions decreased from 0.54 mm2 to 132 mm2.
Processing of aerial photographs in geoinformation systems for constructing models of possible flooding zones in a flood-prone period
Authors: Trofimets Elena , Kochina Valeria , Zhebo Sergey , Chashin Alexander , Trofimets Valery
Published: December 2022

The natural and geological conditions of the Khabarovsk Territory determine the specificity of any region, characterized by the annual occurrence of spring mash phenomena, their gradual transition to the summer-autumn flood-hazardous period and the departure into winter with a high water level. Forecasting the scale of possible flooding of territories is the basis for early response of the forces and means of the Unified State System for the Prevention and Response of Emergency Situations (RSChS) The paper discusses the professional experience of specialists from the Crisis Management Center of the Main Directorate of the EMERCOM of Russia for the Khabarovsk Territory in preparing models of possible flooding of settlements applying the QGIS geographic information system during the flood-prone period of 2021 in the Khabarovsk Territory. The authors identify peculiarities of the unmanned aerial vehicles used to predict areas of possible flooding such as the need for early aerial photography of human settlements; dependence of the quality of orthophotomaps on the experience of specialists performing aerial photography; variability of coastline relief; dependence on weather conditions; short period, favorable for aerial photography; inaccessibility of settlements; location of settlements in the border area. The matching of models obtained with the help of QGIS with the actual situation developed during the 2021 flood crest was identified. Also, some peculiarities and disadvantages were defined despite the positive experience of forecasting by modeling flood zones (flooding).
Non-destructive testing operations simulation in virtual reality environment
Authors: Kovshov Evgeny E , Kuvshinnikov Vladimir S
Published: December 2022

This article considers the prerequisites for creating virtual educational simulators for non-destructive testing teaching. Currently, virtual reality technologies are most widely used in the training process of engineers and workers directly engaged in production during complex and responsible operations, including the control of products and materials. Approaches to the creation and application of virtual reality in the development and use of a digital radiography simulator for non-destructive testing of materials and products are announced. It is noted that the developed software and algorithmic solutions allow to judge their effective applicability in industry as the results of R&D and various computational experiments. Constructing and processing images technology of digital twins’ samples, which allows to obtain image close to the results of metal samples’ X-ray film is considered. Basic physical principles underlying the developing of a digital model are formalized. The results of obtaining digital X-ray images are presented. Prospects for expanding the applicability range of virtual reality software and hardware solutions in non-destructive testing educational process are touched upon.
Improvement of the process of control of the geometric characteristics of assembly parts with spatially complex surfaces
Authors: Matsur German , Mironenko Vladislav , Savelyeva Anastasia , Votyakov Kirill , Karabontseva Nadezhda
Published: December 2022

Significant improvements have been made to measurement systems to meet changing market requirements. Such a rapid change and development of measuring technology is primarily due to the requirements for accuracy and accuracy in aerospace and other manufacturing industries. Coordinate-measuring machines (CMM) gave a new impetus in the field of geometric and dimensional metrology. CMM in the industrial environment has become an important resource for quality systems, monitoring production processes, reducing errors in the production process, checking product specifications and constantly improving quality. Although modern CMMs can better meet the needs of rapidly growing customer requirements, there are still many opportunities to improve and develop CMM. The globalization of production has led to the development of many complex products and the automation of mechanical components. Therefore, there is a need to develop a technique for controlling the thickness of the residual web for parts with geometrically complex surfaces. Using the creation of measurement map templates in the CAD system, scanning scans in the standard laser tracker software, as well as creating appropriate leaders with subsequent loading into the CAD system.
Modeling the contact curves of leather squeezing machines
Authors: Khurramov Sh R , Khalturaev F S , Kurbanova F Z
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the analytical description of contact curves leather squeezing machines. The expressions for the ratio of strain rates during roller squeezing of the skin are determined when the deformation of the leather and the cloth is given as a power function. It has been established that changes in skin moisture during the squeezing process do not affect the model of contact curves when the deformation of the skin and cloth are given by power functions.
Method of preparation of heterogeneous height standards for measurements by means of interferometry
Authors: Antsyferov S S , Maslov V G , Rusanov K E , Fazilova K N
Published: December 2022

The results of the practical implementation of a method for preparing calibration standards based on magnetron sputtering of a chromium film on the surface of the standard are presented. This film is an electrically conductive layer that preserves the topography of relief elements and allows scanning without charge accumulation in the sample. The results obtained showed that the sputtering of thin chromium films on the surface of height standards, the relief elements of which have different reflection coefficients, makes it possible to measure the heights of such standards with a fairly low error.
The use of digital intelligent technologies in predicting failures of automotive and tractor equipment
Authors: Dorokhov A S , Kataev Yu V , Tishaninov I A , Gradov E A
Published: December 2022

The paper provides information on the causes of failures in automotive equipment and shows the ways to determine failures using digital technologies introduced into the diagnostic process. The implementation of forecasting as a separate stage in the process of diagnosing automotive equipment using machine learning technologies in the form of neural networks is analyzed. The results of the study reflect that the neural network while analyzing a huge amount of data received during remote diagnostics is able to more reliably predict failures of automotive equipment.
Automatic control of reactive power compensation using a solid state voltage relays
Authors: Kh Abduraimov E
Published: December 2022

The article discusses the issues of research & innovation of a gadget for automatic reactive power compensation, for automatic control of power supply system operating modes, based on the developed non-contact a solid state voltage relay with an adjustable return coefficient, which is shows its transience by the required strength and speed of action, including a part that reacts to changes in electrical parameters and high power executive body. A diagram with descriptions of the principle of operation, experimental characteristics and oscillograms are given. The invented device is proposed for application in reactive energy compensating devices of power supply systems as an automated power regulator of capacitive installations depending on voltage.
Invention of a contactless voltage relay with an adjustable reset ratio
Authors: Kh Abduraimov E , Kh Khalmanov D
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this article is to apply the relay effect observed in semiconductor circuits to create a contactless relay voltage with an adjustable return coefficient, connected in one device sensitivity to the input voltage and switching of powerful loads to high currents. A dynamic circuit is investigated, consisting of an adjustable semiconductor, in series with a parallel circuit of a capacitor and a resistor, which is one of the parts of the proposed relay device with a sinusoidal frequency of voltage fluctuations on the load. To study the operating modes and analyze the device circuits, it is recommended to use numerical methods using computer technology.The principle of operation and experimental characteristics of the developed device are presented.
Optimization of the radial bearing geometry by the dimensional analysis
Authors: Khakimzyanov Rustam R , Mashtakov Alexander P , Mickiewicz Vadim G
Published: December 2022

In order to improve the working capacity and life of bearing units, the dimensional analysis of the inner geometry of a cylindrical radial bearing was carried out. The assembly component, composed by the outer diameter dimensions of the raceway of the inner race, the inner diameter of the outer race and the two diameters of the rollers, was considered as a dimension chain. It is recommended, in order to reduce wear and friction losses, to produce the diametrical dimensions of the roller according to the fifth accuracy degree. It is established that the cause of the axial clearance between the roller and the double-flanged race is the distance between the contact points on the right and left flanges with the horizontal position of the roller, as well as the diagonal distance. Tolerances for ring dimensions, for such a combination, are recommended to accept with respect to accuracy degree 6.
Justification of the use of wear-out digital micrometer in repair production
Authors: Leonov O A , Zh Shkaruba N , Temasova G N , Vergazova Yu G
Published: December 2022

Issues related to the evaluation of the results of direct multiple measurements with a worn digital micrometer have considered. It had determined that the total error of the device used in operation exceeds the limit of permissible error indicated in the passport by 1.25 times and is equal to 5 μm. But in the field of control of parts in repair production, the passage of mandatory verification by measuring instruments is not required, and the calibration operation is advisory in nature. Based on the obtained value, we can conclude that the device can be used to measure the dimensions of parts with a tolerance of at least 15 µm.
Research of the stable equilibrium position of a dissipative system
Authors: Opalikhina O V , Zhelavskiy M A
Published: December 2022

The article deals with the issue of checking the stability of a trivial solution of a fourth-order differential equation describing a dissipative feedback system. Systems with feedback have found wide use in automatic control devices and robotic complexes. The article presents an algorithm for quickly calculating the stability of the system according to the Lienard-Chipart criterion, supplemented by solving the inequality that determines the permissible values of the controlled parameters and constructing a curve of a D-partitions. Comparative analysis of Routh-Hurwitz’s and Lienard-Chipart’s stability criterions is given. The nature of the change in the kinematic characteristics of the control object under different positioning modes is investigated. The balancing simulation of studied object’s control surfaces is carried out in the Wolfram Mathematica computer environment. The program codes for evaluating the stability of the feedback system are written in C++.
The development and evaluation of a combined initial alignment algorithm for strapdown inertial navigation system
Authors: Afonin A A , Sulakov A S , Maamo M S , Shapovalov N A
Published: December 2022

This paper proposes a combined initial alignment algorithm for strapdown inertial navigation system, in which the initial alignment is carried out in two stages during the process of preflight preparations while the aircraft is not moving. This method of initial alignment has the advantages of being conducted based on the Earth’s equatorial (Greenwich) coordinate system, which is also used by the aircraft onboard navigation system. In the first stage, the coarse initial alignment is carried out, and this is done according to the orientation parameters using the vector matching method. Then, in the second stage, a fine procedure is carried out, which may be looked at as an integrated system implemented using optimal Kalman filter. In this case, the initial parameters of orientation and navigation are refined, as well as the systematic errors of the inertial sensors are estimated and corrected. The simulation results show that the required level of initial alignment accuracy could be achieved by applying coarse and fine initial alignment procedures not sequentially but in a combination.
Control of the rectification column to ensure the required quality of the top product
Authors: Mukhitdinov D P , Kadirov Y B , Sultanov I R
Published: December 2022

Based on the solution of the mathematical description of the static mode operation in the distillation column, the concentration and temperature profiles along the height of the column were obtained, and the positions of the control plates were determined by calculating their gradients. The sequence of solving the material balance equations is determined under the assumption of the ideal mixing of the liquid on the control plate in the dynamic mode by the method of piecewise linear approximation. A reflux consuming control scheme has been developed according to the condition of minimum deviation time on the control plate of the current concentration value (xt) at each time interval t from its set value. This in turn makes it possible to anticipate changes in the concentration in the distillation for the time of a transport disturbance in the interval “control plate-top of the column” to provide the required quality of the top product.
Bellows control devices for borehole supercritical extraction processes
Authors: Bashmur K A , Bukhtoyarov V V , Petrovsky E A , Gorodov A A , Kolenchukov O A , Sergienko R B
Published: December 2022

This paper discusses a pressure control and monitoring system to improve the reliability of borehole extraction processes. Borehole extraction processes can improve the quality of high-viscosity oil stimulation and can also be used in biofuel production processes by providing the necessary performance. This pressure control system is based on a bellows-type device capable of withstanding high pressures. The presented device has a number of advantages compared with counterparts: the possibility of pressure control, reducing the risk of water hammer, increasing reliability. When using a bellows device in downhole extraction processes, there is a problem of changing operating parameters with changing depth of diving. In this regard, a model was developed and the dependence of pressure changes inside the bellows device depending on the depth of the well was plotted, which will allow designing and regulating the device at various stages.
Active Sallen-Key RC-High-Frequency filter based on non-inverting voltage followers
Authors: Yu Denisenko D , Prokopenko N N , Ivanov Yu I , Butyrlagin N V
Published: December 2022

A new high-pass filter (HPF) circuit of the second-order Sallen-Key family has been developed and studied, in which independent adjustment of the main parameters is realized -the pole frequency, the quality factor of the pole and the transmission coefficient. The basic equations for the transfer functions and HPF parameters are presented. The results of computer simulation a proposed circuits HPF in CAD Micro-Cap 12 are shown.
Modern structure and innovative efficiency of special equipment for analyzing semiconductor devices
Authors: Karataev S S , Borisov A I
Published: December 2022

The multimeter is a sophisticated electronic measuring device that combines several functions: voltmeter, ammeter and ohmmeter. It measures DC and AC voltage, DC and AC current, resistance, capacitance, frequency, transistor gain, diode checks and wire-check connections. The multimeter also features automatic polarity reversal. Digital multimeters range from 2.5 digits (simple devices) to 3.5 digits (most devices). Slightly more expensive instruments with 4.5, 5 and higher digits are also available. The digit capacity “3.5”, for example, means that the display of the device shows 3 full digits, with a range of 0 to 9, and 1 digit with a limited range, i.e., the device can give readings in the range of 0.000 to 1.999; if the measured value is outside these limits, a changeover to another range is required. Many multimeters now have other functions available. This paper is relevant and can be useful because the multimeter is a lightweight, portable device that is convenient for basic measurements and troubleshooting in hard-to-reach places, as well as being a sophisticated stationary device with many features. Multimeter (from multimeter, tester from test, Avometer from AmperVoltOhmMeter) is a combined electrical measuring device that combines several functions. In the minimum set is a voltmeter, ammeter and ohmmeter. Sometimes a multimeter is performed in the form of current clamps. There are digital and analog multimeters. device multimeter computing technique.
Increasing the efficiency of the process of mixing components in the industrial production of dry mixes
Authors: Ulyanov V M , Yu Kiryanov A , Utolin V V , Khripin V A , Batirova V A , Ja Kravets O
Published: December 2022

Industrial mixers of solid bulk or powder components have been widely used in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, chemical, and many other industrial branches. Industrial mixers are designed for homogeneous mixing of dry ingredients: fodder, groats, bio supplement, fertilizers, flour, spices, etc. The general principle for all types of dry mixing is to take the product that is being mixed from one area and transfer it to another area. This procedure is repeated many times, and in the process of additional edge mixing of the zones, it leads to the distribution of the components in each other. When preparing a dry mixture, it is advisable to use spiral mixers that provide high mixing quality, low energy consumption, and high productivity. The article presents a spiral mixer for the industrial production of dry mixes, in the body of which two concentrically arranged helical spirals are placed along its length. In this case, the inner spiral has the ability, in addition to the rotational movement, to perform the axial reciprocating movement. The results of theoretical studies on the determination of the throughput capacity and the influence of the parameters of the internal spiral on the performance of the dry mix mixer being developed are presented.
Mathematical modeling of processes in dye-sensitized photocell
Authors: Sharibaev Nosir , Ergashov Abdurasul
Published: December 2022

In order to use local and inexpensive raw materials in the production of semiconductor solar photovoltaic cells, scientific research is being conducted. Measurements were carried out on FTO, ITO glasses TiO2 calloid and I iodine crystal. Using the samples, a photocell was prepared under experimental conditions and measurements were made and analyzed for their effective operation.