bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Traffic Flow Pattern Matching to Improve Predictive Performance of Online Simulation-Based Dynamic Traffic Assignment
Authors: Ale-Ahmad Haleh , Mahmassani Hani S. , Kim Eunhye , Ostojic Marija
Published: May 2019

In real-time simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment, selection of the most suitable demand from the library of demands calibrated offline improves the accuracy of the prediction. In the era of data explosion, relying on contextual and rule-based pattern matching logic does not seem sufficient. A rolling horizon scheme for real-time pattern matching is introduced using two pattern matching frameworks. The hard matching algorithm chooses the closest pattern at each evaluation interval, while soft matching calculates the probability of being a match for each pattern. To make sure the pattern switch does not happen because of short-lived interruptions in traffic conditions, a persistency index is introduced. The results show that the number of switches in hard matching is bigger than soft matching but the error of real-time matching for both cases is low. The importance of the results is twofold: First, any observation that is not similar to only one pattern in the library can be mimicked using multiple available patterns; second, more advanced algorithms can match the patterns existing in the library, without any contextual logics for pattern matching.
Videos Don’t Lie: African Americans’ Support for Body-Worn Cameras
Authors: Graham Amanda , McManus Hannah D. , Cullen Francis T. , Burton Velmer S. , Jonson Cheryl Lero
Published: May 2019

In light of growing concern regarding the policing of inner-city communities—including questionable incidents of use of force—equipping officers with body-worn cameras (BWCs) has emerged as a salient proposal for reform. Based on a national-level survey of African Americans ( n = 1,000), this project shows that wide consensus exists among Black citizens in favor of BWCs. Since ostensibly “videos don’t lie,” implementing camera technology thus may be a means to increase police legitimacy. Importantly, the analysis also reveals that African Americans support a broad range of reforms to improve inner-city policing, of which BWCs are only one. Finally, the survey included a subset of 45 Black police officers. These officers also supported BWCs and most other proposed reforms but at a level that was lower and less intense than African American members of the public.
Nano-amorphous calcium phosphate doped with citrate: Fabrication, structure, and evaluation of the biological performance
Authors: Wang Xiao Mei , Yan Yonggang , Ren Hao Hao , Li Shu Yang
Published: May 2019

Amorphous calcium phosphate, a precursor phase of the bone mineral in vertebrates, is limited owing to its instability. A simple wet-chemical precipitation method was developed in this study to prepare stable and nanosized amorphous calcium phosphates doped with citrate using orthophosphoric acid, anhydrous critic acid, and anhydrous calcium chloride as the raw materials in an alcohol system at room temperature. The structure of the obtained nanosized amorphous calcium phosphate doped with citrate was evaluated by an X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction. In addition, Ca and P ions release profile was investigated in the simulated bodily fluid solution for two weeks, and the biological performance was evaluated using in vitro mineralization and cell viability studies. The results demonstrated that the synthetic specimens in the presence of citrate had a similar structure, and their dimensions were in the nanoscale. Furthermore, the specimens possessed excellent apatite mineralization ability in simulated bodily fluid solution and a stimulatory effect on the cell viability of mouse bone-marrow stem cells. The S0.050 specimen displayed the maximum amount of Ca (152.5 ppm) and P (81 ppm) ions release at the third day and the best bioactivity and cell viability. Based on all of the results, it was concluded that the stability and bioactivity of nanosized amorphous calcium phosphates were improved by doping with citrate. Thus, bone graft substitutes could potentially be modified by the addition of citric acid to affect their performance in bone repair and regeneration.
It Takes Two to Tango: Public Attitudes Toward Prevention of Workplace Violence Against Health Care Staff: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Warshawski Sigalit , Amit Aharon Anat , Itzhaki Michal
Published: May 2019

Workplace violence (WPV) directed toward health care staff by patients and their relatives has become one of the major problems faced by health care systems around the world. Incidences of WPV have increased over the past decade, crossing borders and cultures and creating a worrisome global phenomenon. To date, most of the research has examined health care workers’ perceptions of strategies that might prevent violence. Although the public, as prospective patients, has a central role in this state of affairs, little is known about public attitudes to prevention of violence in health care settings. In light of this, the current mixed-methods study aimed to explore public attitudes toward appropriate preventive and punitive measures that should be employed to diminish the occurrence of WPV incidents in health care settings. Five hundred sixty Jewish Israeli individuals participated in the study. Quantitative findings indicate the public’s overall agreement and positive attitudes toward preventive and punitive measures aimed at reducing WPV against health care staff. Qualitative findings revealed two main themes: “focusing on the staff” by improving their work conditions, training them to deal with violence, and providing a sense of security, as well as “focusing on the public” by teaching tolerance, raising awareness of zero tolerance to violence, and punitive measures. The Israeli public believes that to deal with the problem of violence in the health care system, it is necessary to act simultaneously on two levels: health staff and the health care system, and the general public. In view of these findings, we recommend that policy makers address this issue by adopting preventive measures, such as increasing the number of health care personnel, workshops for the staff on dealing with violence, campaigns against violence in health care settings, and enforcing appropriate punitive measures against attackers.
The Association Between Pregnancy-Specific Anxiety and Exclusive Breastfeeding Status Early in the Postpartum Period
Authors: Horsley Kristin , Nguyen Tuong-Vi , Ditto Blaine , Da Costa Deborah
Published: May 2019

Background:

Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 months of life and has significant benefits for both mother and child. Pregnancy-specific anxiety is a distinct and definable syndrome that has been identified as a robust predictor of pregnancy outcomes, but whether it is associated with exclusive breastfeeding status has not been determined.

Research aims:

To examine the association between pregnancy-specific anxiety in each trimester of pregnancy and exclusive breastfeeding status early in the postpartum period.

Methods:

Data were available from 412 women who participated in a longitudinal pregnancy cohort study. Pregnancy-specific anxiety and exclusive breastfeeding status were assessed using an online self-report questionnaire.

Results:

Logistic regression analyses showed that a one-unit increase in pregnancy-specific anxiety in the first ( OR = 0.94, 95% CI [0.90, 0.98]) and third ( OR = 0.95, 95% CI [0.91, 0.99]) trimester of pregnancy was associated with a 5–6% decrease in the odds of exclusive breastfeeding at 6–8 weeks postpartum.

Conclusions:

Pregnancy-specific anxiety was associated with lower odds of exclusive breastfeeding at 6–8 weeks postpartum. Prenatal interventions designed to increase exclusive breastfeeding duration may benefit from the incorporation of strategies that help reduce worries and concerns unique to the pregnancy experience.
The Protective Influence of Chondroitin Sulfate, a Component of Human Milk, on Intestinal Bacterial Invasion and Translocation
Authors: Burge Kathryn Y. , Hannah Lindsey , Eckert Jeffrey V. , Gunasekaran Aarthi , Chaaban Hala
Published: May 2019

Background:

Human milk is known to be protective against necrotizing enterocolitis, a devastating intestinal inflammatory disease affecting the preterm population. Although the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis is yet to be solidified, intestinal integrity dysfunction, bacterial invasion and/or translocation, and inflammation may play important roles. Glycosaminoglycans, compounds naturally prevalent in both human milk and the intestine, are thought to be anti-inflammatory and capable of altering bacterial interactions within the gut.

Research aim:

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of chondroitin sulfate, the most prominent class of glycosaminoglycans in human milk, to protect against bacterial infection in an intestinal in vitro model.

Methods:

T84 cell monolayers were treated with chondroitin sulfate and cell viability was assessed across a number of doses. Monolayers were then pretreated with chondroitin sulfate and subsequently challenged with E. coli invasion and translocation to evaluate any protective role of the compound against infection. Tight junction barrier function was assessed by transepithelial electrical resistance, and cytokine levels were evaluated.

Results:

Chondroitin sulfate at any dose up to 750 μg/ml was not associated with any statistically significant decrease in cell viability. Additionally, chondroitin sulfate at 750 μg/ml was associated with a 75% decrease in both bacterial invasion and translocation compared to control.

Conclusions:

These data suggest chondroitin sulfate may protect against bacterial infection through a reduction in both invasion and translocation, importantly without attendant reduction in cell viability.
Neurologist Strategies for Optimizing the Parkinson's Disease Clinical Encounter
Authors: Schwartz Rachel , Trivedi Ranak , Gray Caroline , Lorenz Karl A. , Zulman Donna
Published: May 2019

Objective:

For patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), effective communication during neurology encounters is critical to ensuring the treatment plan maximizes quality of life. However, few research studies have engaged neurologists as key experts in identifying opportunities to optimize the clinical encounter. In this study, 16 neurologists from 4 clinic sites participated in hour-long semistructured interviews targeting opportunities to better address patients’ quality of life needs.

Main Findings:

Neurologists identified opportunities to meet needs across 4 domains: (1) PD patient education materials and self-management tools to facilitate clinical communication; (2) techniques for improving clinical communication, including strategies for eliciting nonmotor symptoms and contextualizing symptoms to better meet patient quality of life needs; (3) addressing system-level barriers, including time constraints and the lack of an identified specialist referral network; and (4) training in how to lead difficult conversations.

Principal Conclusions:

Neurologists identified specific barriers, and proposed solutions, to improving care delivery for patients with PD. Integrating practice tools to address quality of life needs, training neurologists in communication around end-of-life care, and strengthening referral networks for rehabilitation and psychosocial support hold promise for improving quality of life for patients with PD.
Friction stir welding of 3D printed melt flow compatible dissimilar thermoplastic composites
Authors: Kumar Ranvijay , Singh Rupinder , Ahuja IPS
Published: May 2019

This study deals with the friction stir welding of 3D printed thermoplastic composites. In this study, the electrolytic Al metal particulate reinforced with the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polyamide 6 (PA6) with 15% and 50% weight proportion respectively confirmed the feasibility of joining. Investigations have been made on welded joints prepared with consumable friction stir welding tool on 3D printed functional prototypes of ABS-15Al and PA6-50Al thermoplastic composites (for optimizing mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties). The online monitoring of temperature and friction stir welding (through thermal imaging camera) and axial force measurement (based upon milling dynamometer) has been made to understand the mechanism/changes in the mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties. Overall, best mechanical properties were observed at 1400 r/min, 50 mm/min feed rate, and 4 mm consumable plunge depth.
A novel manoeuvre stability controller based on vehicle state prediction and intellectual braking torque distribution
Authors: Zhang Liqin , Wu Yang , Li Boyuan , Zhang Bangji , Zhang Nong
Published: May 2019

This paper proposes an innovative hierarchical direct yaw moment control strategy consisting of upper, middle and lower controllers. In the upper layer, a linear quadratic regulator metric based on current side-slip angle and predicted yaw rate is established to generate the controlled yaw moment. The middle layer determines the actuating tyre forces and allocates the required longitudinal forces for each tyre according to the current tyre–road contact condition. Furthermore, the desired longitudinal slip ratios for each tyre are calculated in the middle layer. Finally, a suitable brake pressure is achieved by the sliding mode controller in the lower layer. The simulation results of sine with dwell and double lane change verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with a traditional direct yaw moment control strategy that preferentially brakes the priority wheel, the proposed novel strategy is able to keep the longitudinal force of the tyre working in a linear region and has better robustness response when the tyre–road contact condition encounters sudden change.
Force and deformation transmission characteristics of a compliant tendon–sheath actuation system based on Hill-type muscle model
Authors: Shao Ziyan , Wu Qingcong , Chen Bai , Wu Hongtao
Published: May 2019

Artificial muscle is a kind of transmission actuator widely used in rehabilitation robots and wearable devices. However, there are some restrictions on the usage of these artificial muscles, including the short stroke length, complex structure, special power sources, and high nonlinear characteristics. Inspired by Hill-type muscle model, in this article, a new kind of artificial muscle using tendon–sheath and compliant springs is proposed to perform muscle-like characteristics. Force and deformation transmission models are proposed and validated by simulations and experiments. The experimental and simulation output results show nice goodness-of-fit and the R-square values are 0.9876 and 0.9046, respectively. Moreover, experiments are carried out in groups to analyze the transmission characteristics using different parameters, including variations of series springs, velocities, tendon diameters, and bending angles. The best R-square value of force–elongation curve and fitness curve could reach 0.9845, which indicates that the transmission model of the compliant artificial muscle can be used to express the transmission characteristics of the skeleton muscles.
The cost of hospital care for HIV patients in Colombia: an insurer’s perspective
Authors: Álvarez-Moreno Carlos A , González-Vélez Abel E , Colmenares-Mejía Claudia C , Rincón-Ramírez Karen L , García-Buitrago Javier A , Rengifo-Bobadilla Paola A , Isaza-Ruget Mario A
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost derived from the hospitalization of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Colombia between 2011 and 2015. This is an analysis of the direct cost of PLHIV hospitalization from the perspective of an insurer of the Colombian General Social Security System. The costs were calculated in Colombian pesos and corrected for inflation on the basis of the 2017 Consumer Price Index of the Bank of the Republic of Colombia. It was converted to US dollars at the Market Representative Exchange Rate of the same year. We analyzed 1129 hospitalizations in 612 PLHIV, of which 12% started with a diagnosis of HIV during the same hospitalization, with the majority in the AIDS stage (63%). The median overall cost of hospitalizations was US$1509 (25th and 75th percentiles: US$711–US$3254), being even higher in patients with AIDS and as the CD4 T lymphocyte count decreased. The cost derived from the medical care of PLHIV increases as the clinical control of the disease worsens, and it is a key indicator of the impact of the strategies implemented for the timely identification of the infection and subsequent management of the disease.
Pharyngeal Chlamydia and gonorrhea: a hidden problem
Authors: Gaspari Valeria , Marangoni Antonella , D’Antuono Antonietta , Roncarati Greta , Salvo Melissa , Foschi Claudio , Re Maria Carla
Published: May 2019

In this study we assessed the prevalence and predictors of pharyngeal infections due to Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) in a cohort of patients attending an STI Clinic. From January 2016 to September 2018, 893 patients attending the STI Clinic of St Orsola-Malpighi Hospital (Bologna, Italy) and reporting unprotected oral sex were enrolled. A pharyngeal swab for the molecular detection of CT and NG was collected from each patient. Positive CT samples were further genotyped by an omp1 gene PCR. A total of 134 cases of gonorrhea (15%) and 34 chlamydial infections (3.8%) were detected in the pharyngeal site, with no significant differences between males (all men who have sex with men [MSM]) and females. More than 90% of the infections were completely asymptomatic, suggesting that symptoms were not predictors of a pharyngeal infection ( P = 0.7). On the contrary, a history of sexual contacts with a partner positive for CT and/or NG ( P < 0.0001), HIV positivity ( P = 0.01), and the presence of concurrent genital and/or rectal infections ( P < 0.0001) were significantly associated with CT/NG pharyngeal infections. Pharyngeal lymphogranuloma venereum cases were rare (prevalence: 0.4%), asymptomatic, and only found in MSM. Better knowledge about pharyngeal CT/NG infections could help to set up effective strategies for their prevention.
Soluble TNF-R1, VEGF and other cytokines as markers of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis
Authors: Adhya Z , El Anbari M , Anwar S , Mortimer A , Marr N , Karim M Y
Published: May 2019

Background

Current non-invasive methods of assessing disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are of limited sensitivity and specificity. Testing includes acute phase markers, autoantibodies and complement levels. Although measurements of dsDNA antibodies and complement C3/C4 levels are routine, they remain of limited value. Improved blood and urine markers may help in early detection of flare, distinction between flare and chronic damage, and monitoring response to therapy.

Methods

A total of 87 patients with SLE were tested for the following cytokines in serum and urine: monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNF-R1), interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), monocyte inhibitory protein 1α (MIP-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Patients attending the Lupus Unit at St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK were divided into active lupus nephritis (LN), inactive LN and non-renal SLE groups based on their renal pathology and SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI). Cytokine testing was performed using the FIDIS multiplex bead assay.

Results

The mean level of serum sTNF-R1 was higher in the active LN group compared with both inactive LN and non-renal SLE groups ( p < 0.001). For urine measurements there were significant differences between active LN and non-renal SLE for VEGF ( p = 0.016), after statistical correction for multiple testing. Both urinary and serum sTNF-R1 and IP-10 levels correlated with SLEDAI scores ( p < 0.001), while serum VEGF correlated weakly with SLEDAI ( p = 0.025). The optimum combination for differentiating active from inactive LN patients was serum VEGF, sTNF-R1, MCP-1 and glomerular filtration rate plus urinary sTNF-R1 and protein-creatinine ratio.

Conclusion

These results indicate that for active LN, sTNF-R1 could be a useful serum cytokine marker, with potential for VEGF in the urine. This study has confirmed the ability of the multiplex bead technique to detect cytokines in a good analytical range, including very low and high levels, in both serum and urine. Combining serum and urine markers provided additional sensitivity in distinguishing active from inactive LN.
A hematologic key for bovine leukemia virus screening in Japanese black cattle
Authors: Akagami Masataka , Oya Shoko , Kashima Yuki , Seki Satoko , Ouchi Yoshinao , Hayama Yoko
Published: May 2019

The European Community’s leukosis key (EC key) is a well-known hematologic method for detecting bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in dairy cattle. The key identifies infected cattle with persistent lymphocytosis via a combination of lymphocyte count (LC) and age. Using the EC key to identify BLV-infected Japanese black (JB) cattle is problematic, however, given the inherently lower LCs of JB cattle compared to dairy cattle. We analyzed the LC in BLV-positive and -negative JB cattle and estimated LC cutoff values by age using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Among the 716 JB blood samples collected, 452 (63%) JB cattle were confirmed as BLV-positive by an antibody ELISA for ≥1-y-old cattle and by real-time PCR for <1-y-old cattle. The cutoff values for the LC in each age group were calculated as 6.3 × 109/L for <1 y, 5.9 × 109/L for 1 to <2 y, 5.5 × 109/L for 2 to <3 y, 4.5 × 109/L for 3 to <6 y, 4.3 × 109/L for 6 to ≤10 y, and 3.7 × 109/L for >10 y. The sensitivity and specificity of the estimated cutoff values were 0.49 (95% confidence interval: 0.44–0.53) and 0.81 (0.75–0.85), whereas those of the EC key were 0.20 (0.16–0.24) and 0.99 (0.97–1.00). Our LC cutoff values for screening JB cattle for BLV infection appear to be preferable to those of the EC key.
Visions of Modern Middle Schools: Participatory Design With Nonstudent Stakeholder Groups
Authors: McCunn Lindsay J.
Published: May 2019

Students are the primary users of school buildings. However, teachers, staff, administrators, parents, and caregivers of students, as well as members of the community, are crucial to the functionality schools. This research increases knowledge about how nonstudent stakeholders conceptualize new middle schools as transformative and supportive of teachers, student learning, and community vitality. Qualitative data were obtained by holding an in-person workshop in one community and distributing an online questionnaire in another. Nine categories emerged from a content analysis of participants’ responses. Despite geographic and economic differences between the two schools (e.g., “School A” served a small rural area with a lower income population and “School B” served a suburban area with a relatively high-income population), the frequency of particular categories was similar concerning nonstudent participants’ wishes for student learning, as well as what they believed would support teachers in a new building. Thematic differences were found concerning what would make their new school transformative and how it could bolster community vitality. Given that the inclusion of a broad range of users in the planning processes of new schools is becoming a best practice for architects, a growing record of nonstudent users’ visions of middle schools may afford more evidence-based decisions about postoccupancy design changes, feasibility of programs, and how the values and goals of a school might be best communicated to students, teachers, parents and caregivers, and the community at large.
Leadership and Leadership Intelligence
Authors: Leonard Edward E. , Maulding Green Wanda
Published: May 2019

In recent years, leadership training for school administrators has become equated with knowledge of or the learning of a set of hard skills or competencies and an internship period that may or may not include activities reflective of the overarching position of the principalship. What seems to be missing with increasing regularity in training programs are the skills and abilities of leaders to problem-solve difficult situations competently. And while the national exam for leadership (the PRAXIS) requires problem-solving skills, many of our leadership programs do not adequately train in this manner. Problem-solving skills, particularly those which involve interactions with other adults (teachers and parents), are critical now more than ever. An obvious and pointed reason is the mass infusion and sometimes overreliance on technology to solve problems that only sincere human interaction can resolve. The authors, in this article, refer to this skill set as leadership intelligence (LSI). The purpose of this research study was to investigate the relationship between this skill set (further defined in the ensuing article) and the rankings of school principals via their respective state ranking systems. Furthermore, the authors share statistically significant findings regarding the differences between aspiring and practicing administrators in LSI indicating that, over time, growth can be experienced in the skill set.
Intravenous Acetaminophen–Induced Hypotension: A Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Maxwell Erin N. , Johnson Brittany , Cammilleri Joseph , Ferreira Jason A.
Published: May 2019

Objective: Recent literature suggests that intravenous (IV) administration may cause hypotension in hospitalized patients; data further suggest that this effect is most pronounced in the critically ill. The purpose of this review is to identify and evaluate current literature that addresses the incidence and implications of IV acetaminophen–induced hypotension. Data Sources: A literature search of MEDLINE, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases was performed (2002-2019) using the following terms: acetaminophen, paracetamol, intravenous, and hypotension. Abstracts and peer-reviewed publications were reviewed. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Relevant English-language studies conducted in humans evaluating the hemodynamic effects of IV acetaminophen were considered. Data Synthesis: A majority of the 19 studies included in this review identified a statistically significant drop in hemodynamic variables after the administration of 500 to 1000 mg IV acetaminophen as measured by changes in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, or mean arterial pressure. Of the trials reporting vasopressor use, the authors found a significant increase in vasopressor requirements following IV acetaminophen administration. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: This review represents the first comprehensive review of IV acetaminophen-induced hypotension. The findings raise the question of whether IV acetaminophen is an appropriate choice for inpatient pain or temperature management in the critically ill. Conclusions: Available evidence indicates that the administration of IV acetaminophen may be harmful in the critically ill. Additional monitoring is likely required when using IV acetaminophen in this specific population, particularly if a patient is hemodynamically unstable prior to administration.
Reducing Three Infections Across Cardiac Surgery Programs: A Multisite Cross-Unit Collaboration
Authors: Chang Bickey H. , Hsu Yea-Jen , Rosen Michael A. , Gurses Ayse P. , Huang Shu , Xie Anping , Speck Kathleen , Marsteller Jill A. , Thompson David A.
Published: May 2019

Using a pre–post design, this study examined the impact of a multifaceted program to simultaneously improve 3 health care–associated infections and patient safety culture throughout the cardiac surgery service line in 11 hospitals. Interventions included the Comprehensive Unit-based Safety Program to improve safety culture and evidence-based bundles to prevent central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), surgical site infection (SSI), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). CLABSIs and SSIs showed a downward trend over 2 years, then the rates returned to levels similar to baseline in the third year. VAP rate changes were difficult to interpret because of the VAP definition change. Patient safety culture domain “hospital management support” showed significant improvement, but feedback and communication about errors and staffing declined. Simultaneous implementation of multiple interventions across units is challenging. The findings highlight the importance of sustainment efforts and suggest future work should anticipate both positive and negative change in safety culture dimensions.
Distribution of Tattoo Pigment in Lymph Nodes Dissected for Gynecological Malignancy
Authors: Tamura Daisuke , Maeda Daichi , Terada Yukihiro , Goto Akiteru
Published: May 2019

Tattoo pigment migrates to regional lymph nodes, often causing acute or chronic lymphadenopathy. Past reports on tattoo lymphadenopathy are almost exclusively from Western countries. However, systemic distribution of tattoo pigment in lymph nodes has not been assessed in detail. In this article, we report a Japanese case of cervical adenocarcinoma, in which we successfully assessed the distribution of tattoo pigment deposition in pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes. A 61-year-old woman with Japanese-style tattoos on both arms and her left thigh visited another clinic with postcoital bleeding. She was diagnosed with clinical stage 1B1 (cervical adenocarcinoma) and underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic/para-aortic lymph node dissection. Histopathological examination revealed deposition of a black pigment in multiple lymph nodes. The pigment was more abundant in the left pelvic lymph nodes than in the para-aortic lymph nodes, a finding suggestive of pigment drainage from the tattoo on the left thigh. She remains free of disease more than 1 year after surgery. The diagnosis of tattoo lymphadenopathy is not easy when clinical information is lacking. The differential diagnoses include metastatic melanoma. Clinicians and pathologists should better recognize this phenomenon.
Deregulated MicroRNA Signature Following Glioblastoma Irradiation
Authors: Toraih Eman A. , El-Wazir Aya , Abdallah Hoda Y. , Tantawy Mohamed A. , Fawzy Manal S.
Published: May 2019

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive brain tumor in adults, shows resistance to treatment, particularly radiotherapy. One method for effective treatment is using a group of radiosensitizers that make tumor cells responsive to radiotherapy. A class of molecules whose expression is affected by radiotherapy is the microRNAs (miRNAs) that present promising regulators of the radioresponse. Eighteen miRNAs (miR-26a, -124, -128, -135b, -145, -153, -181a/b, -203, -21, -210, -212, -221/222, -223, -224, -320, and -590), involved in the pathogenesis of GBM and its radioresponsive state, were reviewed to identify their role in GBM and their potential as radiosensitizing agents. MicroRNAs-26a, -124, -128, -145, -153, -181a/b, -203, -221/222, -223, -224, -320, and -590 promoted GBM radiosensitivity, while microRNAs-135b, -21, -210, and -212 encouraged radioresistance. Ectopic overexpression of the radiosensitivity promoting miRNAs and knockdown of the radioresistant miRNAs represent a prospective radiotherapy enhancement opportunity. This offers a glimmer of hope for a group of the most unfortunate patients known to medicine.
Philanthropic Partnerships in the Just City: Parks and Schools
Authors: Nisbet Elizabeth , Schaller Susanna
Published: May 2019

The role of private funding and management in U.S. urban public services has expanded through the auspices of private nonprofit organizations in formal relationships with government and aided by large gifts from wealthy donors with visions for their cities, leading scholars to raise concerns about potential harm to democratic governance and displacement of public investment. Where do these private efforts fit into current policy initiatives to improve equity in schools and parks? Employing Susan Fainstein’s Just City framework, this article analyzes cases in which policy actors sought constraints on private dollars in an attempt to institutionalize equity into public private partnership (PPP) regimes. The Portland, Oregon, school board required that school foundations share funds with a districtwide foundation for reallocation. In New York City, unsuccessful state legislation proposed reallocating private funds but executive action redirected public city funds, and largely nonmonetary private resources. These cases can inform policymakers striving for just cities.
Behavioral Parent Training for ADHD Reduces Situational Severity of Child Noncompliance and Related Parental Stress
Authors: Ciesielski Heather A. , Loren Richard E. A. , Tamm Leanne
Published: May 2019

Objective: Parents are more likely to seek treatment when a child’s behaviors cause impairment and increase parental burden. Thus, it is important to document the effectiveness of behavioral parent training (BPT) on the pervasiveness and severity of children’s behavior and related parental distress. Method: Data were obtained from 304 parents of school-aged children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) attending BPT groups in an outpatient setting. Results: After BPT, parents reported fewer and less severe problematic situations related to child noncompliance, particularly for chores, homework, mealtimes, and peer interactions. Parents also reported significantly reduced stress related to parenting a child with ADHD. Improvements in Nonfamilial Transactions and Task Performance were associated with reductions in degree of parental stress. Conclusion: BPT offered in a real-world clinical setting has meaningful impacts on the child behaviors that lead parents to seek treatment and reduces stress related to parenting a child with ADHD.
Instruction of Evaluation Competencies in Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH)-Accredited Master of Public Health (MPH) Degree Programs
Authors: Hobson Kristin A. , Coryn Chris L. S. , Fierro Leslie A. , Sherwood-Laughlin Catherine M.
Published: May 2019

Although research on evaluation instruction has increased in the past decade, little is known about evaluation education in Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH)–accredited schools of public health and master of public health (MPH) programs. In this study, instruction of competencies for program evaluators as enumerated by Stevahn, King, Ghere, and Minnema and pedagogies used by instructors to cover the competencies in the MPH degree within CEPH-accredited schools and programs are investigated. To understand these questions, a two-phase sequential mixed method design was used where the first was a review of 156 schools and programs and their 652 evaluation course offerings and the second consisted of administration of a survey to the 580 instructors who taught evaluation courses coded as either partially or fully focused on evaluation, of which 128 responded (22.07%). Results suggest evaluation courses in CEPH-accredited schools and programs cover many evaluator competencies, albeit to various degrees, predominately through lectures and reading materials.
Enhancement of steady state performance of hydrodynamic journal bearing using chevron-shaped surface texture
Authors: Sharma Sanjay , Jamwal Gourav , Awasthi Rajeev K
Published: May 2019

In the present study, the optimum design parameters of chevron-shaped surface texture have been determined for the steady state performance enhancement of a hydrodynamic journal bearing. The fluid flow governing Reynolds equation has been solved using the finite element method, assuming iso-viscous and Newtonian fluid to obtain the static performance characteristics of textured hydrodynamic journal bearing. Different texture depths, areas and distributions have been numerically simulated and a set of optimum texture parameters has been determined based on the maximum performance enhancement ratio. The numerically obtained results indicate that surface texturing can improve bearing performance if the textured region is placed in the pressure build-up region. Moreover, surface texturing is the most effective at bearing performance enhancement when the bearing operates at lower eccentricity ratios. The performance enhancement ratio, which is the ratio of load-carrying capacity to coefficient of friction is found to be maximum at texture depth of 0.4, k = 0.3, textured zone located in the increasing pressure region and eccentricity ratio of 0.2.
Effects of spinning on the mixed thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication and fatigue life in point contacts
Authors: Yan Xiaoliang , Zhang Yuyan , Xie Guoxin , Qin Fen , Zhang Xuewen
Published: May 2019

This paper presents a numerical study on the fatigue life for the non-Newtonian mixed thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (TEHL) of elliptical contacts with spinning. Sinusoidal surface is used to consider the effect of surface roughness, and the influences of spinning on the mixed TEHL characteristics and fatigue life are investigated. The results show that the temperature, friction coefficient and power loss increase monotonously with the increase of spinning. The spinning motion with moderate velocity is beneficial for improve the lubrication characteristics and fatigue life. However, the fatigue life can be reduced significantly by spinning under severe mixed lubrication conditions. The effects of spinning become weak or even negligible in the full-film lubrication state.
Cognitive and behavioral correlates of depressive symptoms in a community sample of adolescents
Authors: Pullmer Rachelle , Zaitsoff Shannon L , Coelho Jennifer S
Published: May 2019

Research in adults demonstrates a positive association among obsessive–compulsive symptoms, eating pathology, cognitive distortions, and comorbid depressive symptoms. Given that adolescence is characterized by unique and rapid changes in biopsychosocial processes, it is imperative to elucidate the relationship between these variables in youth. In this cross-sectional study, we explored whether obsessive–compulsive symptoms, thought–action fusion, thought–shape fusion, and eating pathology would be positively associated with and predict depressive symptoms in a school-based community sample of adolescents ( n = 86; Mage = 15.60). All study variables were positively correlated with depressive symptoms. Results indicated that obsessive–compulsive symptoms, thought–shape fusion, and eating pathology explained a significant proportion of variance in depressive symptoms, whereas thought–action fusion did not. In accordance with the cognitive behavioral model of psychopathology, these findings highlight the relationships between key interrelated correlates of depressive symptoms that may be pertinent targets for prevention and treatment efforts in adolescents.
Sociology and psychology: What intersections?
Authors: Brossard Baptiste , Sallée Nicolas
Published: May 2019

This article is the introduction to the special issue ‘Sociology and psychology: what intersections?’ In addition to presenting the articles included in this issue, the present text outlines the general stakes of interdisciplinarity between psychology and sociology. It argues that interdisciplinarity requires a specific conversion work between disciplines and that, in the particular case of sociology and psychology, importations and exportations of concepts and ideas have existed since the beginning of these disciplines.
Constructing a sense of home in floating support for people using drugs
Authors: Ranta Johanna , Juhila Kirsi
Published: May 2019

Among homeless people using drugs, a permanent place to live can be difficult to find. Homelessness or living in traumatic home environments might cause the experiences of displacement, which may weaken the possibility to attach to a new place emotionally and create the personal sense of home without support. In housing support work, it is possible to help formerly homeless people in vulnerable life situations to settle in their new living places. This study concentrates on client–worker interaction during 12 home visits recorded in 2017 in a Finnish Housing First-based floating support project for people injecting drugs. Ethnomethodologically oriented interaction analysis and geographies of home and home-based care are applied to examine how the workers and clients discuss clients’ attachments to the places they live in and how the workers construct a sense of home in collaboration with the clients. The study highlights how the workers responded both sensitively and productively to the clients’ needs and wants through collaborated actions and conversations that complement each other in the clients’ home spaces. For example, the workers skilfully made the clients’ complex housing issues understandable, aligned with the clients’ views, promoted their right for self-determination and gave positive assessments in regard to the flat. These kinds of interactional approaches were utilised to support the clients in their construction of a sense of home and thus to strengthen their abilities to form an attachment to their current living places, which can be seen as important factors to prevent clients’ future homelessness.
The impact of nurse-led atrial fibrillation clinics on patient and healthcare outcomes: a systematic mixed studies review
Authors: Rush Kathy L , Burton Lindsay , Schaab Kira , Lukey Alexandra
Published: May 2019

Background:

Atrial fibrillation, the most common arrhythmia worldwide, continues to increase as the population ages. Patients with atrial fibrillation, particularly those newly diagnosed or who have multiple comorbidities, have high healthcare utilisation rates. Nurse-led atrial fibrillation clinics have developed to improve care and guidance for atrial fibrillation patients, with the potential to reduce hospital presentations and healthcare utilisation. Atrial fibrillation clinics that provide specialised and patient-centred care have improved patient symptom management, quality of life and reduced healthcare utilisation and costs.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to provide the first synthesis of evidence for the impact of nurse-led atrial fibrillation clinics on patient, healthcare utilisation, and quality of care outcomes.

Methods:

This systematic mixed studies review examined citations from three databases: Medline, CINAHL and Embase, using the search terms ‘atrial fibrillation’ and ‘clinic’, and related concepts. Seventeen moderate to high quality articles were selected.

Results:

Overall, atrial fibrillation clinics were more cost effective, had shorter wait times and reduced hospitalisation and emergency department visits. Symptoms and sinus rhythm restoration were comparable in the nurse-led compared to physician-led cardioversion clinics. Findings related to patient knowledge and patient satisfaction were mixed, while mortality rates were lower, and patient medication adherence was higher in nurse-led atrial fibrillation compared to usual care. Quality of life and guideline adherence was increased in patients receiving nurse-led atrial fibrillation care compared to usual care.

Conclusion:

Nurse-led clinics improved healthcare, patient and quality care outcomes. Future research might examine the role of technology in delivery of nurse-led clinics in rural/remote areas as well as patient experiences with nurse-led clinics.
Association between spousal diabetes status and diabetic retinopathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yang Mei , Liu Yu , Wen Cuihong , Wu Beirui , Wan Xu , Luan Wei , Shen Jie , Liu Wei , Ma Jing
Published: May 2019

Purpose:

To evaluate the association between spousal diabetes status and the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods:

A cross-sectional community-based study was performed in 1510 patients with type 2 diabetes in Shanghai, China. Non-mydriatic digital fundus photography was used to detect diabetic retinopathy. Spousal diabetes status was assessed using a standardised interview questionnaire.

Results:

The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was significantly lower in patients who had diabetic spouses, compared with those who did not (20.2% vs 29.1%, p ⩽ 0.01). The fully adjusted odds ratio for diabetic retinopathy in those had diabetic spouses was decreased by 36% (odds ratio = 0.64, 95% confidence interval = 0.42–1.00, p = 0.048). The negative correlation between spousal diabetes status and diabetic retinopathy was presented in patients with the duration of diabetes ⩾ 10 years, those with HbA1c ⩾ 7% and those not using lipid-lowering drugs (odds ratio = 0.31, 95% confidence interval = 0.13–0.74, p = 0.0082; odds ratio = 0.50, 95% confidence interval = 0.27–0.94, p = 0.031; odds ratio = 0.58, 95% confidence interval = 0.37–0.92, p = 0.021, respectively).

Conclusion:

We demonstrated that spousal diabetes was associated with a lower diabetic retinopathy prevalence in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Neuromechanical Differences Between Successful and Failed Sit-to-Stand Movements and Response to Rehabilitation Early After Stroke
Authors: Kerr Andy , Clark Allan , Pomeroy Valerie M.
Published: May 2019

Background. Recovery of the sit-to-stand (StS) movement early after stroke could be improved by targeting physical therapy at the underlying movement deficits in those people likely to respond. Aim. To compare the movement characteristics of successful and failed StS movements in people early after stroke and identify which characteristics change in people recovering their ability to perform this movement independently following rehabilitation. Methods. Muscle activity and kinematic (including center of mass, CoM) data were recorded from 91 participants (mean 35 days after stroke) performing the StS movement before (baseline), immediately after (outcome), and 3 months after (follow-up) rehabilitation. Three subgroups (never-able [n = 19], always-able [n = 51], and able-after-baseline [n = 21]) were compared at baseline with the able-after-baseline subgroup compared before and after rehabilitation. Results. The subgroups differed at baseline for quadriceps onset time ( P = .009) and forward body position when quadriceps peaked ( P = .038). Following rehabilitation, the able-after-baseline subgroup increased their forward position ( P < .001), decreased the time difference between bilateral quadriceps peaks ( P < .001) and between quadriceps and hamstrings peaks on the nonhemiplegic side ( P = .007). An improved performance in the always-able subgroup was associated with a number of baseline factors, including forward positioning ( P = .002) and time difference between peak activity of bilateral quadriceps ( P = .001). Conclusions. This neuromechanical study of StS before and after rehabilitation in a sample of people early after stroke identified the importance of temporal coupling between forward trunk movement and quadriceps and hamstrings’ activity. These findings advance the science of stroke rehabilitation by providing evidence-based therapy targets to promote recovery of the StS movement.