bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the psychosexual impact and disclosure experiences of women testing positive for high‐risk cervical human papillomavirus
Authors: Bennett Kirsty F. , Waller Jo , Bailey Julia V. , Marlow Laura A. V.
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To examine the psychosexual impact and disclosure experiences of women testing HPV‐positive following cervical screening.

Design

In‐depth semi‐structured interviews.

Methods

Interviews were conducted with 21 women of screening age (i.e. those aged 24–65 years) in England who self‐reported testing HPV‐positive in the context of cervical screening in the last 12 months. Data were analysed using Framework Analysis.

Results

The sexually transmitted nature of HPV, and aspects relating to the transmission of HPV and where their HPV infection had come from, had an impact on women's current, past and future interpersonal and sexual relationships. Most women had disclosed their HPV infection to others, however the factors influencing their decision, and others' reactions to disclosure differed. The magnitude and extent of psychosexual impact was influenced by how women conceptualized HPV, their understanding of key aspects of the virus, concerns about transmitting HPV and having a persistent HPV infection.

Conclusions

Increasing knowledge of key aspects of HPV, such as its high prevalence and spontaneous clearance, and the differences between HPV and other STIs, may increase women's understanding of their screening result and reduce any negative psychosexual consequences of testing HPV‐positive. Referring to HPV as an infection that is passed on by skin‐to‐skin contact during sexual activity, rather than an STI, may help to lessen any psychosexual impact triggered by the STI label.
Optionality in animal communication: a novel framework for examining the evolution of arbitrariness
Authors: Watson Stuart K. , Filippi Piera , Gasparri Luca , Falk Nikola , Tamer Nicole , Widmer Paul , Manser Marta , Glock Hans‐Johann
Published: July 2022

A critical feature of language is that the form of words need not bear any perceptual similarity to their function – these relationships can be ‘arbitrary’. The capacity to process these arbitrary form–function associations facilitates the enormous expressive power of language. However, the evolutionary roots of our capacity for arbitrariness, i.e. the extent to which related abilities may be shared with animals, is largely unexamined. We argue this is due to the challenges of applying such an intrinsically linguistic concept to animal communication, and address this by proposing a novel conceptual framework highlighting a key underpinning of linguistic arbitrariness, which is nevertheless applicable to non‐human species. Specifically, we focus on the capacity to associate alternative functions with a signal, or alternative signals with a function, a feature we refer to as optionality. We apply this framework to a broad survey of findings from animal communication studies and identify five key dimensions of communicative optionality: signal production, signal adjustment, signal usage, signal combinatoriality and signal perception. We find that optionality is widespread in non‐human animals across each of these dimensions, although only humans demonstrate it in all five. Finally, we discuss the relevance of optionality to behavioural and cognitive domains outside of communication. This investigation provides a powerful new conceptual framework for the cross‐species investigation of the origins of arbitrariness, and promises to generate original insights into animal communication and language evolution more generally.
Readiness for independent living of youth in residential childcare: A comparative study
Authors: García‐Alba Laura , Gullo Federica , del Valle Jorge F.
Published: July 2022

Transition to adulthood is an accelerated and early process for care leavers that requires intensive preparation, training and support from child welfare services. This study aimed to explore the perceived readiness for independent living of a group of care‐experienced young people preparing for leaving care in Spain and to compare it with the perceptions of their peers from the general population. A sample of 508 youth (50% women) aged 14–21 (M = 16.67;SD = 1.72) took part, of whom 279 were care experienced and 229 belonged to the general population in Spain. Participants' independent living skills, personal autonomy, self‐efficacy and sociodemographic characteristics were assessed through an online survey using standardized instruments. Care‐experienced young people displayed higher levels of life skills and autonomy in self‐care, daily living at home and employment domains, but not related to making daily arrangements in their community. However, their educational level and self‐efficacy levels were lower than in the comparison group. Work experience stood out as a significant predictor of care‐experienced young people's life skills level. These findings support the importance of assessing life skills as an outcome of leaving care preparation services and providing care‐experienced young people with real‐life experiences to develop their life skills.
Thromboelastography predicting the prognosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Chen Lei , Wang Yingjun , Gao Xin , Xiong Wenping , Duan Fujia , Zhang Na , Wang Haibo , Wang Mingming
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To explore the association between thromboelastography and the clinical features as well as the prognosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).

Design

Single‐centre, retrospective study.

Setting

A hospital in China.

Participants

In total, 133 patients presented with SSNHL within 2 weeks before the study, who did not receive treatment.

Main Outcome Measures

The patients' medical history was collected. Audiological, imaging and haematological examinations were performed before treatment. Patients with abnormal thromboelastography were re‐examined 1 week after treatment, and efficacy was evaluated 1 month after treatment. The chi‐squared test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyse the association between factors, such as vertigo, degree and type of hearing loss, vestibular function, inner ear MRI results, thromboelastography and efficacy of treatment.

Results

Thromboelastography was correlated with prognosis (p = 0.049) and degree (p = 0.030) and type of hearing loss (p = 0.013) in patients with SSNHL. The R (p =  0.002) and angle values (p =  0.010) correlated with prognosis. The MA (p =  0.022) and G values (p =  0.020) correlated with the degree of hearing loss. The R (p =  0.033) value correlated with inner ear MRI results, and the ΔG (p =  0.010) value correlated with fibrinogen levels. ΔThromboelastography (p =  0.032) was correlated with the prognosis of patients with abnormal thromboelastography results. Logistic regression analysis showed that thromboelastography correlated with prognosis (p =  0.013), and Δthromboelastography correlated with the prognosis of patients with abnormal thromboelastography results (p =  0.013) and vertigo (p =  0.016).

Conclusion

Thromboelastography is an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of SSNHL with the R and angle values playing a major role.
Impact of operation duration on postoperative outcomes of minimally‐invasive right colectomy
Authors: de'Angelis Nicola , Schena Carlo Alberto , Piccoli Micaela , Casoni Pattacini Gianmaria , Pecchini Francesca , Winter Des C. , O'Connell Lauren , Carcoforo Paolo , Urbani Alessia , Aisoni Filippo , Martínez‐Pérez Aleix , Celentano Valerio , Chiarugi Massimo , Tartaglia Dario , Coccolini Federico , Arces Francesco , Di Saverio Salomone , Frontali Alice , Fuks David , Denet Christine , Genova Pietro , Guerrieri Mario , Ortenzi Monica , Kraft Miquel , Pellino Gianluca , Vidal Laura , Lakkis Zaher , Antonot Céphise , Perrotto Ornella , Vertier Jeanne , Le Roy Bertrand , Micelli Lupinacci Renato , Milone Marco , De Palma Giovanni Domenico , Petri Roberto , Santangelo Antonio , Scabini Stefano , De Rosa Raffaele , Tonini Valeria , Valverde Alain , Bianchi Giorgio , Carra Maria Clotilde , Zorcolo Luigi , Deidda Simona , Restivo Angelo , Andolfi Enrico , Paquet Jean‐Christophe , Bartoletti Sebastiano , Orci Lorenzo , Ris Frederic , Espin Eloy ,   MERCY Study Collaborating Group
Published: July 2022

Aim

Operation time (OT) is a key operational factor influencing surgical outcomes. The present study aimed to analyse whether OT impacts on short‐term outcomes of minimally‐invasive right colectomies by assessing the role of surgical approach (robotic [RRC] or laparoscopic right colectomy [LRC]), and type of ileocolic anastomosis (i.e., intracorporal [IA] or extra‐corporal anastomosis [EA]).

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of the Minimally‐invasivE surgery for oncological Right ColectomY (MERCY) Study Group database, which included adult patients with nonmetastatic right colon adenocarcinoma operated on by oncological RRC or LRC between January 2014 and December 2020. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used.

Results

The study sample was composed of 1549 patients who were divided into three groups according to the OT quartiles: (1) First quartile, <135 min (n = 386); (2) Second and third quartiles, 135–199 min (n = 731); and (3) Fourth quartile ≥200 min (n = 432). The majority (62.7%) were LRC‐EA, followed by LRC‐IA (24.3%), RRC‐IA (11.1%), and RRC‐EA (1.9%). Independent predictors of an OT ≥ 200 min included male gender, age, obesity, diabetes, use of indocyanine green fluorescence, and IA confection. An OT ≥ 200 min was significantly associated with an increased risk of postoperative noninfective complications (AOR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.15–2.13; p = 0.004), whereas the surgical approach and the type of anastomosis had no impact on postoperative morbidity.

Conclusion

Prolonged OT is independently associated with increased odds of postoperative noninfective complications in oncological minimally‐invasive right colectomy.
Leiomyoma of the proximal cervical oesophagus in a horse
Authors: Faulkner Josephine , Vlaminck Lieven , Geerinckx Lise , Raes Els , Vanderperren Katrien
Published: July 2022

An 18‐year‐old female Fjord horse presented with a history of recent progressive dysphagia, coughing and increased respiratory effort during exercise, which had not improved with administration of systemic antimicrobials. Upper airway endoscopy, radiography and computed tomography showed a soft tissue mass at the dorsal aspect of the larynx in the region of the proximal cervical oesophagus. Humane euthanasia was opted for and post‐mortem, histological and immunohistochemical examination provided a definitive diagnosis of leiomyoma of the proximal oesophagus. Neoplasia, and more specifically a smooth muscle neoplasm, of the proximal cervical oesophagus has not previously been reported in horses.
A compendium and evaluation of taxonomy quality attributes
Authors: Unterkalmsteiner Michael , Abdeen Waleed
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Taxonomies capture knowledge about a particular domain in a succinct manner and establish a common understanding among peers. Researchers use taxonomies to convey information about a particular knowledge area or to support automation tasks, and practitioners use them to enable communication beyond organizational boundaries.

Aims

Even though this important role of taxonomies in software engineering, their quality is seldom evaluated. Our aim is to identify and define taxonomy quality attributes that provide practical measurements, helping researchers and practitioners to compare taxonomies and choose the one most adequate for the task at hand.

Methods

We reviewed 324 publications from software engineering and information systems research and synthesized, when provided, the definitions of quality attributes and measurements. We evaluated the usefulness of the measurements on six taxonomies from three domains.

Results

We propose the definition of seven quality attributes and suggest internal and external measurements that can be used to assess a taxonomy's quality. For two measurements we provide implementations in Python. We found the measurements useful for deciding which taxonomy is best suited for a particular purpose.

Conclusion

While there exist several guidelines for creating taxonomies, there is a lack of actionable criteria to compare taxonomies. In this article, we fill this gap by synthesizing from a wealth of literature seven, non‐overlapping taxonomy quality attributes and corresponding measurements. Future work encompasses their further evaluation of usefulness and empirical validation.
Effect of prophylactic negative pressure treatment for post‐surgery groin wounds management in vascular surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xie Rui , Li Bo , Wen Fei
Published: July 2022

We performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of prophylactic negative pressure treatment for post‐surgery groin wounds management in vascular surgery. A systematic literature search up to April 2022 was performed and 1537 total number of groin vascular surgery incisions at the baseline of the studies; 729 of them were using the prophylactic negative pressure treatment, and 808 were using control. Odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the effect of prophylactic negative pressure treatment for post‐surgery groin wounds management in vascular surgery using the dichotomous, and contentious methods with a random or fixed‐effect model. The prophylactic negative pressure treatment subjects had a significantly lower surgical site wound infection (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.16‐0.42, P < .001) in subjects after vascular surgery compared with control. However, prophylactic negative pressure treatment did not show any significant difference in revision surgery (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.52‐1.00, P = .05), readmission (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.66‐1.32, P = .69), mortality in hospital (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.29‐1.01, P = .05), and length of hospital stay (MD, −0.24; 95% CI, −0.91‐0.44, P = .49) compared with control in subjects after vascular surgery. The prophylactic negative pressure treatment subjects had a significantly lower surgical site wound infection and no significant difference in revision surgery, readmission, mortality in hospital, and length of hospital stay compared with control in subjects after vascular surgery. The analysis of outcomes should be with caution because of the low sample size of 2 out of 10 studies in the meta‐analysis and a low number of studies in certain comparisons.
Effective negative pressure wound therapy for open wounds: The importance of consistent pressure delivery
Authors: Orlov Aleksei , Gefen Amit
Published: July 2022

Two distinct design concepts exist for single‐use negative pressure wound therapy systems: Canister‐based versus canisterless. The canister‐based technology provides intrinsic stable delivery of the intended negative pressure, because exudate is constantly transferred from the wound into a canister, thereby preventing dressing saturation. In contrast, with a canisterless system, where delivery of the negative pressure depends on continuous evaporation of wound fluids from its dressing, loss of the intended wound‐bed pressure may occur due to dressing saturation. To investigate whether these two designs differ in their mechanobiological effect with respect to magnitudes and distributions of tissue strain fields under the absorptive dressing, termed the influence zone, we integrated computational modelling with an animal study. This influence zone must be of biologically influential strain levels and extend sufficiently into the peri‐wound for stimulating fibroblasts to migrate and progress the healing. We found that an effective influence zone requires continuous delivery of the intended pressure to the wound‐bed. Loss of negative pressure at the wound‐bed below 40 mmHg adversely lowered the peri‐wound stimulation around a 120 × 70 mm sized wound to less than one‐third of the baseline stimulation, and further pressure decreases to 20 mmHg or lower resulted in complete lack of peri‐wound mechano‐stimulation.
Enhancement of Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm growth by cephem antibiotics via enrichment of protein and extracellular DNA in the biofilm matrices
Authors: Yamabe Kaoru , Arakawa Yukio , Shoji Masaki , Miyamoto Katsushiro , Tsuchiya Takahiro , Minoura Katsuhiko , Akeda Yukihiro , Tomono Kazunori , Onda Mitsuko
Published: July 2022

Aims

The aims were to determine the effects of subinhibitory concentrations of eight cephem and carbapenem antibiotics on the biofilm formation of Acinetobacter baumannii cells and examine their effects on pre-established biofilms.

Methods and Results

Effects of antibiotics on biofilm formation were assayed using microtitre plates with polystyrene peg-lids. Cefmetazole, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime and cefpirome increased the biomass of pre-established biofilms on pegs in the range of their sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), whereas none increased biofilm formation by planktonic cells. Carbapenems had a negative effect. The constituents of antibiotic-induced biofilms were analysed. Ceftriaxone or ceftazidime treatment markedly increased the matrix constituent amounts in the biofilms (carbohydrate, 2.7-fold; protein, 8.9–12.7-fold; lipid, 3.3–3.6-fold; DNA, 9.1–12.2-fold; outer membrane vesicles, 2.7–3.8-fold and viable cells, 6.8–10.1-fold). The antibiotic-enhanced biofilms had increased outer membrane protein A and were resistant to the anti-biofilm effect of azithromycin.

Conclusions

Some cephems increased the biomass of pre-established biofilms in the ranges of their sub-MICs. The antibiotic-enhanced biofilms possessed more virulent characteristics than normal biofilms.

Significance and Impact of the Study

Incomplete administration of certain cephems following biofilm-related Ac. baumannii infections could adversely cause exacerbated and chronic clinical results.
Body size and the urban heat island effect modulate the temperature–size relationship in ground beetles
Authors: Lövei Gábor L. , Magura Tibor
Published: July 2022

Aim

Body size is a key trait linked to other life history traits and influences several individual‐, community‐ and ecosystem‐level characteristics, processes, functions and services. Ecological and evolutionary body size responses at the intra‐ and inter‐specific level to thermal geographic gradients (e.g. latitudinal or altitudinal ones) are widely studied. Whether this temperature‐size relationship remains true for community‐wide body size is still largely unknown.

Location

Northern temperate region.

Taxon

Ground beetles (Carabidae).

Methods

We assessed the temperature‐size relationships using data from 11 northern temperate locations, spanning 25 latitudinal degrees. Furthermore, we quantified the effects of potential competing factors, such as body size and habitat preference of carabid assemblages and sub‐assemblages along urbanisation gradients, as well as the urban heat island (UHI) effect on this relationship.

Results

We found significant negative relationship between the community‐wide mean body size and the geographical latitude (converse Bergmann cline) for the whole ground beetle assemblage and the sub‐assemblages of large‐bodied species. This relationship was stronger in the urban localities than in rural ones. For the sub‐assemblages of small‐sized species, the relationship was not significant. We found significant negative relationship between the community‐wide mean body size and the latitude for the sub‐assemblages of both the non‐forest and the forest species, and these became stronger in the urban habitats.

Main Conclusions

Our results highlight the leading role of the individual body size and the UHI effect in determining the community‐wide body size–latitude relationship in ground beetles.
The Formation of British Attitudes towards the Common Market: 1957–72
Authors: Kenny John
Published: July 2022

This paper uses an extensive collection of historical surveys that have only recently been made available to researchers to examine the formation of British attitudes towards the then European Economic Community. It demonstrates that – up until 1967 – the demographic predictors of support for UK membership were unstable. Thereafter, coinciding with the second UK application, these attitudes started to stabilise and harden, with support becoming highest among men, the youngest age cohorts, the middle class and those with greater education. The renewed politicization of the issue in 1967 also coincided with Labour voters becoming significantly more likely to support membership. Following the change in the parties' positions, Labour voters subsequently become substantially less supportive than Conversative voters. The paper thus supports existing analyses on the role of elite cues, while providing new, robust evidence of the change in demographic associations over this formative period.
High‐frequency pulsed diode laser irradiation inhibits bone resorption in mice with ligature‐induced periodontitis
Authors: Ohsugi Yujin , Hatasa Masahiro , Katagiri Sayaka , Hirota Tomomitsu , Shimohira Tsuyoshi , Shiba Takahiko , Komatsu Keiji , Tsuchiya Yosuke , Fukuba Shunsuke , Lin Peiya , Toyoshima Keita , Maekawa Shogo , Niimi Hiromi , Iwata Takanori , Aoki Akira
Published: July 2022

Aim

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the suppressive effect of high‐frequency pulsed diode laser irradiation on bone resorption and its biological effects on gene expression and microbiome composition on the gingival tissue in ligature‐induced periodontitis in mice.

Materials and Methods

Ligating ligature around the teeth and/or laser irradiation was performed on the gingival tissue in mice as follows: Co (no ligature and no laser irradiation), Li (ligation without laser irradiation), La (no ligature but with laser irradiation), and LiLa (ligation with laser irradiation). Bone resorption was evaluated using micro‐computed tomography. RNA‐seq analysis was performed on gingival tissues of all four groups at 3 days after ligation. The differences in microbial composition between Li and LiLa were evaluated based on the number of 16S rRNA gene sequences.

Results

Bone resorption caused by ligation was significantly suppressed by laser irradiation. RNA‐seq in Co and La gingival tissue revealed many differentially expressed genes, suggesting diode laser irradiation altered gene expression. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed mTORC1 signalling and E2F target gene sets were enriched in gingival tissues both in La and LiLa compared with that in Co and Li, respectively. The amount of extracted DNA from ligatures was reduced by laser irradiation, and bacterial network structure was altered between the Li and LiLa.

Conclusions

High‐frequency pulsed diode laser irradiation showed biological effects and suppressed bone resorption in ligature‐induced periodontitis.
Toll‐like receptor‐1, ‐2, and ‐6 genotypes in relation to salivary human beta‐defensin‐1, ‐2, ‐3 and human neutrophilic peptide‐1
Authors: Gürsoy Mervi , Könönen Eija , He Qiushui , Liukkonen Anna , Huumonen Sisko , Gürsoy Ulvi Kahraman
Published: July 2022

Aim

To examine whether functional gene polymorphisms of toll‐like receptor (TLR)1, TLR2, and TLR6 are related to the salivary concentrations of human beta‐defensins (hBDs)‐1, ‐2, ‐3, and human neutrophilic peptide (HNP)‐1.

Materials and Methods

Polymorphisms of TLR1 (rs5743618), TLR2 (rs5743708), and TLR6 (rs5743810) were genotyped by PCR‐based pyrosequencing from the salivary samples of 230 adults. Salivary hBD‐1, ‐2, ‐3, and HNP‐1 concentrations were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. General and periodontal health examinations, including panoramic radiography, were available for all participants.

Results

The genotype frequencies for wild types and variant types were as follows: 66.5% and 33.5% for TLR1, 95.5% and 4.5% for TLR2, and 25.1% and 74.9% for TLR6, respectively. The TLR2 heterozygote variant group exhibited higher salivary hBD‐2 concentrations than the TLR2 wild‐type group (p = .038). On the contrary, elevated hBD‐2 concentrations were detected in the TLR6 wild‐type group compared with the TLR6 heterozygote and homozygote variant group (p = .028). The associations between TLR6 genotypes and salivary hBD‐2 concentrations remained significant after adjusting them for periodontal status, age, and smoking.

Conclusion

hBD‐2 concentrations in saliva are related to TLR2 and TLR6 polymorphisms, but only the TLR6 genotype seems to exhibit an independent association with the salivary hBD‐2 concentrations.
Critical roles for CCR2 and the therapeutic potential of cenicriviroc in periodontitis: A pre‐clinical study
Authors: Jiang Wenting , Xu Tao , Yuan Shasha , Wei Yiping , Song Zhanming , Li Qingqing , She Shaoping , Wang Xuekang , Wang Cui , Yang Gang , Cao Jie , Sun Fei , Shi Meng , Li Siqi , Liu Zhongtian , Mo Yaqian , Lv Ping , Zhang Yu , Wang Ying , Hu Wenjie
Published: July 2022

Aim

CCR2 plays important roles in many inflammatory and bone metabolic diseases, but its specific role in periodontitis is unknown. In the present study, we aimed to explore the role of CCR2 in the progression of periodontitis and evaluate the effect of cenicriviroc (CVC) on periodontitis.

Materials and Methods

The expression of CCR2 was studied in patients with periodontitis and in ligation‐induced murine model of periodontitis. The role of CCR2 in promoting inflammation and bone resorption in periodontitis was evaluated in Ccr2−/− mice and wild‐type mice. The effect of CVC in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis was evaluated by systemic and local medication. Microcomputed tomography, haematoxylin and eosin staining, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry were used for histomorphology, molecular biology, and cytology analysis, respectively.

Results

In this study, we demonstrated that CCR2 was highly expressed in human and murine periodontitis and that CCR2 deficiency was associated with decreased inflammatory monocyte and macrophage infiltration and inflammatory mediators, osteoclast number and alveolar bone resorption. Prevention and treatment with CVC significantly reduced the severity of periodontitis, regardless of whether it was administered systemically or locally.

Conclusions

CCR2 plays an important role in the development and progression of periodontitis, and CVC is a potential drug for the prevention and treatment of periodontitis.
Nurses' attitudes towards family importance in nursing care across Europe
Authors: Shamali Mahdi , Esandi Larramendi Nuria , Østergaard Birte , Barbieri‐Figueiredo Maria , Brødsgaard Anne , Canga‐Armayor Ana , Dieperink Karin Brochstedt , Garcia‐Vivar Cristina , Konradsen Hanne , Nordtug Bente , Lambert Veronica , Mahrer‐Imhof Romy , Metzing Sabine , Nagl‐Cupal Martin , Imhof Lorenz , Svavarsdottir Erla Kolbrun , Swallow Veronica , Luttik Marie Louise
Published: July 2022

Aims and Objective

To explore differences in nurses' attitudes regarding the importance of family in nursing care and factors associated with nurses' attitudes across 11 European countries.

Background

Family involvement in healthcare has received attention in many European healthcare systems. Nurses have a unique opportunity to promote family involvement in healthcare; however, their attitudes and beliefs may facilitate or impede this practice.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey across European countries.

Method

A broad convenience sample of 8112 nurses across 11 European countries was recruited from October 2017 to December 2019. Data were collected using the Families' Importance in Nursing Care‐Nurses' Attitudes (FINC‐NA) questionnaire. We used the STROBE checklist to report the results.

Results

There were significant differences in nurses' attitudes about families' importance in nursing care across Europe. Country was the factor with the strongest association with the total scores of the FINC‐NA. Older age, higher level of education, increased years since graduation, having a strategy for the care of families in the workplace, and having experience of illness within one's own family were associated with a higher total FINC‐NA score. Being male and working in a hospital or other clinical settings were associated with a lower total FINC‐NA score.

Conclusion

Nurses' attitudes regarding the importance of family in nursing care vary across 11 European countries. This study highlights multiple factors associated with nurses' attitudes. Further research is necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the reasons for nurses' different attitudes and to develop a strong theoretical framework across Europe to support family involvement in patient care. The inclusion of family healthcare programs in the baccalaureate curriculum may improve nurses' attitudes.

Relevance for clinical practice

In clinical practice, the focus should be on identifying influencing factors on nurses' attitudes to enhance families' importance in nursing care across Europe.
Intravoxel incoherent motion to assess brain microstructure and perfusion in patients with end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Wu Xiangxiang , Jiang Zijian , Zheng Jiahui , Jiao Zhuqing , Liu Tongqiang , Dou Weiqiang , Shi Haifeng
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion‐weighted imaging in evaluating the brain microstructure and perfusion changes in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients.

Methods

The routine head MRI sequences and IVIM were performed on 40 ESRD patients and 30 healthy subjects. The IVIM was executed with 10 b‐values varying from 0 to 1000 seconds/mm2. All subjects were evaluated on neuropsychological test. Laboratory tests were conducted for ESRD patients.

Results

Compared with the control group, increased slow apparent diffusion coefficient values (ADCslow) were found in the left frontal lobe, hippocampus, bilateral temporal lobe, and the right occipital lobe (p < .05), and increased fast ADC values (ADCfast) were found in all regions of interest (all p < .001) in ESRD patients. In ESRD patients, ADCfast in right frontal lobe (p = .041) and insular lobe (p = .045) was negatively correlated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (MoCA), and ADCfast in the right parietal lobe (p = .009) and hippocampus (p = .041) had positive correlation with hemoglobin levels. Using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, ADCfast in the right frontal lobe, insular lobe, hippocampus, and parietal lobe separately showed fair to good efficacy in differentiating ESRD patients from healthy subjects, with the area under the ROC ranging from .853 to .903.

Conclusions

The microstructure and perfusion of the brain were impaired in ESRD patients. ADCfast of the right frontal lobe, insular lobe, hippocampus, and parietal lobe could be effective biomarker for evaluating cognitive impairment in ESRD patients.
Does Mental Simulation Decrease the Empathy Gap in Help‐Seeking?
Authors: Furuhashi Kengo , Igarashi Tasuku
Published: July 2022

People hesitate to seek help when they perceive the cost of helping as high. In general, help‐seekers overestimate the cost of helping because of errors in perspective‐taking. We examined whether three processes of mental simulation (recalling an experience of providing help, of rejecting a request for help, and of sensing the empathy gap) would decrease the cost of helping perceived by help‐seekers. Participants underwent one of the simulations or no simulation (control condition), read two scenarios that described helping and help‐seeking, and rated the perceived cost of helping in the scenarios. Contrary to the prediction, simulations did not decrease the cost of helping perceived by help‐seekers. Recalling an experience of rejecting requests also increased the perceived cost of helping in unemployment scenarios. The post hoc analysis for controlling the depressive mood in depression scenarios showed that the cost of helping from the helper's perspective decreased, whereas that from the help‐seekers remained the same under the empathy‐gap simulation condition. These results suggest that realizing the asymmetry between helpers and help‐seekers may be counterproductive in help‐seeking and widen the empathy gap.
Shouldering Death: Moral Tensions, Ambiguity, and the Unintended Ramifications of State‐sanctioned Second‐trimester Selective Abortion in Denmark
Authors: Heinsen Laura Louise
Published: July 2022

This article is based on an ethnographic study of pregnant couples’ embodied, emotional, and moral experiences of second‐trimester selective abortion in Denmark. Drawing on 16 selective abortion stories, I unpack the intense, often highly accelerated, days that follow from the moment a fetal aberration is detected to the moment of fetal disposal or burial. I show that although prenatal screening and diagnostics have come to occupy a routinized part of pregnancy in Denmark, when women and their partners opt for termination, they are faced with a series of bodily events and actions they are entirely unprepared for while at the same time feeling essentially alone in grappling with the moral confusion that ensues. I argue that despite widespread medico–legal sanctioning and social endorsement of selective abortion, the specificities of how such terminations are done in Denmark in ambiguous, and conflicted, ways situate women and their partners in a series of moral tensions around how to relate to the abortion, the dead fetus, their grief, and their entitlement to such mourning. By chronicling the core struggles that the process of termination catalyzes, I point to the social and moral ramifications of the embodied practices and medico–legal choreographing of selective abortion in Denmark.[selective abortion, moral tensions, embodied practices, responsibility, death]
Opening up learning conversations: Including patients
Authors: Sehlbach Carolin , Rowland Paula
Published: July 2022

Sehlbach and Rowland describe the credibility of patient feedback along with its benefits for patients and learners while shedding light on vulnerability and risks that need to be contemplated.
Conventionalism about mathematics and logic
Authors: Field Hartry
Published: July 2022

Conventionalism about mathematics has much in common with two other views: fictionalism and the multiverse view (aka plenitudinous platonism). The three views may differ over the existence of mathematical objects, but they agree in rejecting a certain kind of objectivity claim about mathematics, advocating instead an extreme pluralism. The early parts of the paper will try to elucidate this anti‐objectivist position, and question whether conventionalism really offers a third form of it distinct from fictionalism and the multiverse view. The paper then turns to anti‐objectivism about logic, and suggests that here too conventionalism offers no distinct alternative, and that there are limits on the extent of pluralism/anti‐objectivism. It also argues that these limits can't be used to argue for more extensive objectivity within mathematics, and also that they do allow for more limited pluralism within logic, e.g. as regards resolution of semantic and property‐theoretic paradoxes.
Creating a shared musical interpretation: Changes in coordination dynamics while learning unfamiliar music together
Authors: Wood Emily A. , Chang Andrew , Bosnyak Dan , Klein Lucas , Baraku Elger , Dotov Dobromir , Trainor Laurel J.
Published: July 2022

The ability to coordinate with others is fundamental for humans to achieve shared goals. Often, harmonious interpersonal coordination requires learning, such as ensemble musicians rehearing together to synchronize their low‐level timing and high‐level aesthetic musical expressions. We investigated how the coordination dynamics of a professional string quartet changed as they learned unfamiliar pieces together across eight trials. During all trials, we recorded each musician's body sway motion data, and quantified the group's body sway similarity (cross‐correlation) and information flow (Granger causality) on each trial. In line with our hypothesis, group similarity increased, while group information flow decreased significantly across trials. In addition, there was a trend such that group similarity, but not information flow, was related to the quality of the performances. As the ensemble converged on a joint interpretation through rehearsing, their body sways reflected the change from interpersonal information flow for coordinative mutual adaptations and corrections, to synchronous musical coordination made possible by the musicians learning a common internally based expressive interpretation.
Community‐dwelling older adults' acceptance of smartwatches for health and location tracking
Authors: Chung Jane , Brakey Heidi Rishel , Reeder Blaine , Myers Orrin , Demiris George
Published: July 2022

Background

Despite rapid growth in the popularity of smartwatches, evidence lacks regarding older adults’ acceptance of smartwatches. Since most wearable sensors are not designed specifically for older adults, there is a need to examine wearability and usability challenges of wearable sensing devices faced by older adults to facilitate the use of objective measurements of health and mobility.

Objectives

We aimed to examine older adults' perceptions of GPS‐enabled smartwatches and to identify potential barriers and facilitators of smartwatch and sensor data use.

Methods

As part of a larger feasibility study, we conducted a mixed‐methods study that included a descriptive content analysis of interviews and a brief usability survey with 30 participants aged 60 years and older after they had used a smartwatch for 3 days.

Results

Most participants perceived wearable activity trackers including smartwatches and sensor‐based data as useful for tracking health, finding activity patterns and promoting healthy behaviours. Privacy was of little concern, leading to willingness to share activity and location data with others. Participants identified barriers to usability as clumsy design, lack of aesthetic appeal, and difficulty reading the display and using the GPS tracking function. In contrast, identified facilitators of adoption included a big display, high‐tech look, self‐awareness and possible behaviour change.

Conclusions

Smartwatches have the potential of personalised detection of health deterioration and disability prevention, based on analysis of older adults' activities in free‐living environments. The usefulness of this technology for older adults can be significantly increased by addressing usability issues and providing instructions on challenging features.

Implications for Practice

To support sustained self‐monitoring behaviours through wearable sensor devices in older adults, it is critical to examine how they perceive those devices and identify factors affecting technology acceptance that can maximise adoption.
Changes in Patellar Morphology Following Soft Tissue Surgical Correction of Recurrent Patellar Dislocation in Children with Low‐Grade Trochlear Dysplasia
Authors: Dong Cong‐lei , Wang Yan‐yang , Lin Wei , Chen Xiao‐bo , Xu Chen‐yue , Wei Mao‐zheng , Wang Fei
Published: July 2022

Objective

To investigate the changes in patellar morphology following soft tissue surgical correction of recurrent patellar dislocation in children with low‐grade trochlear dysplasia.

Methods

The prospective cohort study was performed between November 2007 and December 2012. Finally, 25 cases, with the mean age of 8.4 years (range from 7 to 10 years), were admitted to the study. All patients were diagnosed as bilateral recurrent patellar dislocation associated with femoral trochlear dysplasia. The knee that suffered injury or was dislocated was treated with medial patellar retinacular plasty (surgery group). The contralateral knee, which served as a control, was treated conservatively (conservative group). Axial CT scans were undertaken in all patients to assess the patellar morphological characteristics.

Results

The mean follow‐up time was 60.8 months (range 48 to 75 months). Preoperatively, there were no statistically significant differences between the patellar morphology in the two groups (P > 0.05). Many radiological parameters of patellar morphology were significantly different between the two groups at the final follow‐up, including well‐known parameters, such as the mean patellar width (surgery group, 40.58 mm [SD 1.26]; conservative group, 36.41 mm [SD 1.17]; P < 0.05), the mean patellar thickness (surgery group, 11.59 mm [SD 0.74]; conservative group, 9.38 mm [SD 0.56]; P < 0.05) and the mean Wiberg index (surgery group, 0.54 [SD 0.06]; conservative group, 0.72 [SD 0.08]; P < 0.05). There are also little‐known parameters, such as the ratio of length of lateral patella to medial patella (surgery group, 1.26 [SD 0.17]; conservative group, 1.69 [SD 0.21]; P < 0.05), which was a measurement of facet asymmetry. However, the Wiberg angle was not significantly different between the two groups (surgery group, 128.63° [SD 9.05]; conservative group, 125.47° [SD 13.96°]; P > 0.05) at the final follow‐up. No complications were found.

Conclusions

The patellar morphology can be significantly improved by early soft tissue surgical correction in children with patellar instability associated with low‐grade femoral trochlear dysplasia.
The utility of postoperative systemic antibiotic prophylaxis following cardiovascular implantable electronic device implantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chesdachai Supavit , Go John R. , Hassett Leslie C. , Baddour Larry M. , DeSimone Daniel C.
Published: July 2022

Background

There is insufficient evidence regarding postoperative systemic antibiotic prophylaxis use for more than 24 h following cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) implantation and its impact on infection prevention. However, this strategy remains a common practice in many institutions.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis including studies that compared the outcomes of patients: (1) who received preoperative plus 24 h or more of postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis (intervention group); and (2) who received either preoperative only or preoperative plus less than 24 h of antibiotic prophylaxis (control group). Risk of bias was assessed with ROBINS‐I and ROB‐2 tools. Risk ratio (RR) was pooled using random‐effect meta‐analyses with inverse variance method.

Results

Eight studies that included two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and six cohort studies with a total of 26,187 patients were included in the analysis. Overall, there were no differences in outcomes between the two groups, which included rates of CIED infection (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.42, 1.42), mortality (RR 1.19, 95% CI 0.69, 2.06), pocket hematoma (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.44, 3.00) or reintervention (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.22, 3.46). Of note, the results were primarily impacted by the larger RCT.

Conclusions

There was no benefit of postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis for more than 24 h following CIED implantation in the current systematic review and meta‐analysis. This supports the practice advocated by current guidelines which foster antibiotic stewardship and may result in reductions of adverse drug events, selection for antibiotic resistance, and financial costs of prolonged postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis.
Newsvendors with customer referrals
Authors: Li Meng
Published: July 2022

Firms often encourage existing customers to recruit new customers. In this paper, we analytically study the customer referrals in a two‐period newsvendor model, where the demand generated by referrals increases in the previous sales. In this framework, we establish the structural results for the optimal inventory level, as well as evaluate the value of referral programs. We find that the customer referrals are more attractive for firms selling nonperishable products than for those selling perishable products. Overall, this study underscores the operational value of customer referrals, particularly for firms selling nonperishable products.
Policy capacity and rise of data‐based policy innovation labs
Authors: Kim Sojeong , Wellstead Adam M. , Heikkila Tanya
Published: July 2022

In scarcely a decade, a “labification” phenomenon has taken hold globally. The search for innovative policy solutions for social problems is embedded within scientific experimental‐like structures often referred to as policy innovation labs (PILs). With the rapid technological changes (e.g., big data, artificial intelligence), data‐based PILs have emerged. Despite the growing importance of these PILs in the policy process, very little is known about them and how they contribute to policy outcomes. This study analyzes 133 data‐based PILs and examines their contribution to policy capacity. We adopt policy capacity framework to investigate how data‐based PILs contribute to enhancing analytical, organization, and political policy capacity. Many data‐based PILs are located in Western Europe and North America, initiated by governments, and employ multi‐domain administrative data with advanced technologies. Our analysis finds that data‐based PILs enhance analytical and operational policy capacity at the individual, organizational and systemic levels but do little to enhance political capacity. It is this deficit that we suggest possible strategies for data‐based PILs.
Latent groups and latent traits of participation in bullying via factor mixture analysis: An exploratory study
Authors: Belacchi Carmen , Altoè Giammarco , Caravita Simona C. S.
Published: July 2022

In this study, we drew on a person‐centred approach to explore forms of involvement and roles in bullying. More specifically, we applied Factor Mixture Analysis (FMA) to an in‐depth measure of bullying roles, with a view to identifying latent dimensions of participation in bullying and latent groups characterised by differential behavioural patterns. Participants were 899 high school students (51% females) attending the 9th (49%) and 11th grades (51%). The data analysis revealed six latent behavioural dispositions. Four of these overlapped with behavioural patterns typical of previously identified forms of participation in bullying, while two factors shed new light on bullying behaviours. We also identified four latent groups, whose profiles were only partially aligned with the roles previously theorised in the literature.
Identification of the novel HLA‐B*15:633 allele by next‐generation sequencing in an Indian individual
Authors: Roohja Ankita , Chavan Nitin Laxman , Kaniamparampil Michael John , Kumar Prabin , Saurabh Abhinav
Published: July 2022

The novel HLA‐B*15:633 allele was identified in an Indian individual.
Description and evaluation of a novel transoral endoscopic arytenopexy in canine cadavers
Authors: McNamara Kaitlyn L. , Fox‐Alvarez William Alexander , Colee James C.
Published: July 2022

Objective

To describe the transoral endoscopic arytenopexy (TEA) and evaluate its effects on the rima glottis area (RGA) and laryngeal epiglottic‐glottic seal (LEGS). We hypothesize the TEA will be a feasible surgical technique and the TEA will provide a significant increase in RGA with minimal change to the LEGS.

Study design

Canine cadaveric model.

Animals

Fifteen medium‐ to large‐breed canine cadavers.

Methods

Endoscopic photos of the larynx were taken with the epiglottis open for baseline RGA measurement and closed for baseline measurement of exposed RGA and LEGS. A custom endoscopic gag port (EGP) facilitated the TEA, performed by suturing the lateral aspect of the left arytenoid soft tissues to adjacent pharyngeal wall across the piriform recess. Endoscopic photos were repeated to measure changes in RGA and LEGS. A computerized planimetric analysis program was used to calculate baseline RGA and LEGS. The RGA was reported in % change from baseline. The LEGS was reported as intact or altered. A nonparametric Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to compare baseline to post‐TEA RGA.

Results

The mean baseline RGA was 0.52 ± 0.28 cm3and mean post‐TEA RGA was 0.78 ± 0.37 cm3(p‐value < .0001). The LEGS remained intact post‐TEA in all cadavers.

Conclusions

The TEA was technically feasible and resulted in an increase in RGA while maintaining the LEGS.

Clinical significance

The TEA may provide a minimally invasive addition to the established techniques for reducing airway resistance while minimizing the impact on the LEGS.