bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying key factors and actions: Initial steps in the Open Science Policy Design and Implementation Process
Authors: Shmagun Hanna , Shim Jangsup , Kim Jaesoo , Choi Kwang-Nam , Oppenheim Charles
Published: October 2023

The coronavirus pandemic has illustrated the lack of a holistic approach in implementing Open Science (OS), leading to an inability to fully utilise its potential to inform prompt, evidence-based policy responses. In this view, this study aims to identify and categorise the factors influencing the adoption of OS and proposes possible actions for decision-makers to develop relevant policies. To achieve this, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 36 experts from Australia, France, the Netherlands, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States as well as eminent international entities. During the interviews, they were asked to answer a range of questions that emerged from a systematic literature review. The responses were coded and analysed using a grounded theory approach. This led to the identification of four thematic clusters, containing a total of 24 factors that can either enable or inhibit OS practices, namely, (a) external; (b) institutional and regulatory; (c) resource-related; and (d) individual and motivational. Drawing upon Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development framework, we also propose a conceptual model that integrates these factors, accompanied with corresponding actions, into a tangible process of OS policy design and implementation.
Strangely Hesitant about Anti-Blackness: A Comment on Quadlin and Montgomery (2022)
Authors: Blume Oeur Freeden , Robinson Candice
Published: October 2023

We raise concerns about Quadlin and Montgomery’s Social Psychology Quarterly article, “When a Name Gives You Pause,” a study of whether racialized names affect the time to dog adoption in a county shelter. Our comment is guided by the recent insistence of American Sociological Association leadership for greater critical introspection in sociological research. First, the study is ahistorical by overlooking histories of human-animal relations and naming in the construction of anti-Blackness. Second, the study is acontextual by contorting labor market research and color-blind perspectives in a manner that directs undue attention to the treatment of dogs without specifying the concrete disadvantages for Black people. The study’s narrow focus on adopters misrepresents organizational factors within animal shelters. These various oversights invest Quadlin and Montgomery’s article in a whiteness-centered sociological tradition. We urge divesting from this tradition and conclude with a call for sociology to be more educative and reflexive.
Internet-Based Self-Help Mindful Self-Compassion Intervention for Parents of Children With Cancer: A Pilot Study
Authors: Tan Xiangyi , Zhang Yuwei , Yang Yiling , Cai Ruiqing , Chen Jinlu , Meng Jiangnan , He Xiaofeng , Huang Jiaying , Zhang Jing , Wang Weijie , Zhao Jiubo , Shi Lei
Published: October 2023

Background:

Parents of children with cancer may experience persistent psychological distress and impaired physical health throughout their children’s diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:

This study aimed to develop a mindful self-compassion program for parents of children with cancer and explore its effect.

Methods:

This pre-post-test study without a control group was conducted with 34 Chinese parents of children with cancer, using mixed methods. Participants received a 6-week internet-based self-help mindful self-compassion intervention. Self-compassion, post-traumatic stress symptoms, depression, and sleep quality were measured at baseline and at 10 weeks post-baseline. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 9 completers within 10 days after the intervention was completed.

Results:

Significant differences were observed in self-compassion, re-experiencing, physical depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. Two participants reported feeling miserable or recalling distressing experiences, of which one withdrew from the study while the other completed the intervention.

Conclusion:

The program could improve self-compassion, re-experiencing, physical depressive symptoms, and sleep quality in parents of children with cancer, which demonstrated the feasibility of delivering a self-help mindful self-compassion intervention through the internet. Increasing retention rates in future studies merits further discussion.
Characteristics Associated with Substance Use and Non-use Among Street Children in Delhi, India: A Community-based Cross-sectional Epidemiological Study
Authors: Dhawan Anju , Mishra Ashwani Kumar , Chatterjee Biswadip , Bhatia Gayatri , Ambekar Atul , Agarwal Alok , Bhargava Rachna , Chopra Anita
Published: October 2023

Background:

Street children are vulnerable to adverse health and risk behaviors and drug use. Substance use among street children has been well documented in several countries. This study reports sociodemographic and peer, family, and stress-related factors associated with substance use and non-use in a representative sample of street children of Delhi.

Methods:

This cross-sectional survey was conducted through six NGOs working with street children, using Respondent Driven Sampling, in nine districts of Delhi (n = 766, 7–18 years). The multivariable model was developed by applying binary logistic regression analysis.

Results:

The rate of substance use was 49%. Significant association was found between substance use in the past year and increasing age [Odds Ratio: OR (95% Confidence Interval)] [1.22(1.12,1.33)], male sex [4.34 (2.28,8.26)], lacking psychosocial support from family/relatives [3.27(1.84,5.80)], being engaged in earning from illegal sources, [3.04(1.75,5.29)], family use of substance [2.59(1.38,4.89)], presence of substance-using peers [29.86(14.38,62.01)], lack of non-drug-using peers [2.35(1.46,3.79)], and not possessing basic amenities [2.26(1.31,3.93)].

Conclusion:

Multiple modifiable factors exist within the family and peer group, including risk and protective factors or a consequence of substance use. Some challenges in the form of difficulty in reaching out to them and poor treatment seeking by those using substances warrant intensification in both primary and secondary prevention initiatives.
‘Wayfarers: Confronting the past through traditional music in schools’
Authors: Tonner Philip , Odena Oscar , Dickson Joshua , Jaap Angela , Pincock Dougie , Potter Roslyn
Published: October 2023

This paper discusses an inquiry-based school-university partnership project conducted by history and music education specialists in Scotland. The project was music-led with history underpinning it, namely the musical migration of Scots and Irish to the Eastern United States. From the 18th century onwards thousands of Scots and Irish moved to Appalachia – ‘the wayfarers’ in our title. Their heritage now features in the Scottish school curriculum. However, the wayfarers encountered a range of challenging factors, including forced migration and segregation, which are not yet fully considered in schools. To address this need we co-developed resources with a specialist school to enhance secondary school practices surrounding music education and pupil engagement with challenging histories. This paper critically considers the project stages, supported by secondary and primary sources, including group interviews. In the conclusions we make suggestions for future policy, research and practice, such as to frame traditional songs in schools in their historical context.
Exploring the processing unit of L2 Chinese learners in on-line Chinese reading
Authors: Yao Panpan , Jiang Xin , Chen Xinwei , Li Xingshan
Published: October 2023

The present study explored the processing units of high-proficiency second language (L2) Chinese learners in on-line reading in an eye-tracking experiment. The critical aim was to investigate how learners segment continuous characters into words without the aid of word boundary demarcations. Based on previous studies, the embedded words of 2- and 3-character incremental words were manipulated to be either plausible or implausible with the preceding verbs, while the incremental words themselves were always plausible. The results revealed an effect of the plausibility manipulation, which suggested that L2 Chinese learners activated embedded words first and integrated embedded words with previous sentence context as soon as they read them.
Marry your rapist! A phenomenological analysis of the experiences of women forced to marry their assaulters in their childhood
Authors: Aborisade Richard Abayomi , Olayinka-Aliu Damilola Adepeju
Published: October 2023

Child sexual abuse (CSA) and child marriage (CM) are two social realities that have drawn and sustained considerable research attention in Nigeria. However, research into the intersections of CSA and CM is scarce. This qualitative study explores the lived experiences of women who suffered CSA and were forced to marry their sexual assaulters in their childhood. Ten survivors were engaged in semi-structured interviews, and an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was utilized to identify four superordinate themes of participants’ experiences. These themes emphasized sexual abuse repeatedly experienced by participants, forced marriage to their assaulters, childbearing and mothering responsibilities foisted on them in their teenage, and hostilities and intimidation encountered in their marital lives. Participants provided accounts of short- and long-term physical and mental issues trailing their abuse and their coping mechanisms. The need to effectively address the cultural and religious factors that tolerate the practice of marrying CSA victims as a form of assuaging the debilitating effects of sexual assault was stressed.
Understanding Gaps Between Objective and Subjective Performance Measures: Accreditation of Public Service Organizations and Citizen Satisfaction
Authors: Lee Jae Bok , Kim Soojin
Published: October 2023

Governments use various performance measures to ensure that public services delivered by private-sector providers are safe and meet citizens’ particular needs. These measures can include awarding accreditation and assessing citizen satisfaction. However, few studies have investigated how objective performance measures relate to citizens’ subjective evaluations of providers from the perspective of service users. To fill this gap in the literature, this study closely explores a particular case of the Korean childcare market in which governments administer a large number of private-sector providers that play a dominant role in delivering public services. Our findings indicate the positive accreditation–satisfaction link is weakened when parents may not be aware of a provider's accreditation status or when their selected service provider is nonprofit, as opposed to for-profit. Overall, this study suggests that it is important to understand why there is some degree of incongruence between objective and subjective measures and how these two different performance indicators converge in the data. Special attention should be given to bridging the gap by closely reviewing institutional pressure on service providers and a symbolic impression of accreditation.
Review: The PI3K-AKT-mTOR signal transduction pathway in canine cancer
Authors: Meuten Travis K. , Dean Gregg A. , Thamm Douglas H.
Published: October 2023

Tumors in dogs and humans share many similar molecular and genetic features, incentivizing a better understanding of canine neoplasms not only for the purpose of treating companion animals, but also to facilitate research of spontaneously developing tumors with similar biologic behavior and treatment approaches in an immunologically competent animal model. Multiple tumor types of both species have similar dysregulation of signal transduction through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB; AKT), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), collectively known as the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. This review aims to delineate the pertinent aspects of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway in health and in tumor development. It will then present a synopsis of current understanding of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling in important canine cancers and advancements in targeted inhibitors of this pathway.
The geographical preconditions of radical price reforms in post-Mao China: Critical reflections on How China Escaped Shock Therapy
Authors: Lim Kean Fan
Published: October 2023

This paper offers a critical engagement with Isabella Weber’s fascinating new book, How China Escaped Shock Therapy. It foregrounds the book’s contributions to knowledge on a hitherto under-explored topic – why shock therapy advocates were unsuccessful in launching all-out price liberalisation across China during the 1980s – and introduces new questions through assessing Weber’s analysis vis-à-vis three geographical aspects of Chinese political-economic evolution: (a) the role of landownership control and redistribution in stabilising the Chinese economy following the Communist Party of China’s (CPC) revolutionary victory in 1949; (b) the path-dependent effects of Mao-era (1949-1976) landownership institutions on economic reforms during the 1980s; and (c) Deng Xiaoping’s approach to the multi-dimensional emergence of coastal-oriented industrialisation. These three aspects collectively accentuate how the territorial configuration and regulation of the Chinese political economy, so fundamental for producing and sustaining CPC regime durability, undermined the neoclassical bias towards price liberalisation. Understanding the geographical preconditions that underpin post-1949 Chinese political-economic evolution is therefore crucial for understanding why shock therapy was ultimately deemed incongruent with CPC rule.
Trips to the Grocery Store and Online Grocery Shopping: A Comparison of Individual Behaviors before and during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Compostella Junia , Wang Kailai , Iogansen Xiatian , Circella Giovanni
Published: October 2023

This study examines changes in online and in-store grocery shopping in California during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed survey data from before the pandemic (pre-February 2020) and during the first wave (March-June 2020). Our findings indicate an increase in online grocery purchases among consumerist individuals, while financially conservative individuals and those facing financial struggles showed a decrease. People bought more items per purchase in stores, visited stores less frequently, and transitioned from dining out to cooking at home. Those who enjoy driving and being physically active continued visiting stores more often. Social media use and health concerns influenced shopping patterns. Sociodemographic factors such as household income and race also impacted these changes.
Parallel-Computing-Based Calibration for Microscopic Traffic Simulation Model
Authors: Tang Lanyue , Zhang Duo , Han Yu , Fu Aohui , Zhang He , Tian Ye , Yue Lishengsa , Wang Di , Sun Jian
Published: October 2023

Microscopic traffic simulation is vital to assess the performances of various traffic operation and management schemes. Microscopic traffic simulation is usually not parameter-free, and it relies on independent parameters to predict traffic evolution. Thus, parameter calibration is indispensable to conveying trustworthy simulation results. Heuristic algorithms are widely used for parameter calibration. Its logic is for achieving iterative optimization through continuous trial-and-error simulations. This process is time-consuming and usually takes several hours, making the calibration unable to meet the requirements of speed and efficiency. In recent years, parallel computing technology has been gradually applied in the engineering realm, which makes rapid calibration possible. Following the three steps of parallel framework selection, algorithm bottleneck identification, and subtask load balancing, this paper designs and implements the parallelization of genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization (PSO) calibration algorithms. Finally, the proposed parallel framework is applied to simulation parameter calibration of a section of a 5 km long highway in Australia, and the effectiveness of parallel computing is evaluated from the two dimensions of reduction in calibration computational time and scalability. The results show that the proposed parallel calibration algorithm can shorten the 5 h calibration process to less than 1 h, reducing the calibration time by 80%. The parallel PSO calibration algorithm has better scalability, and its acceleration effect is better when more processors are used.
Decolonizing Group Analysis: What does it mean?
Authors: Blackwell Dick
Published: October 2023

Decolonizing is not a finite process with a beginning and an end, though there are signs that it is being taken up in that way. It is therefore in danger of being fetishised and incorporated into the very colonial system it sets out to call into question. It is instead an ongoing dialogue, a praxis involving both colonizers and decolonizers. And it is an internal struggle for decolonizers with the colonizing and colonized parts of ourselves. It calls into question all established theories and discourses of group analysis and of Western psychotherapy generally, embedded as they are in Western philosophical traditions and forms of ‘knowledge’. It supports the empowerment of subaltern voices addressing the unity of patriarchy, racism and class exploitation wherever they occur.
Punishment and blame: How core beliefs affect support for the use of force in a nuclear crisis
Authors: Koch Lisa Langdon
Published: October 2023

How do Americans’ core beliefs about punishment, and their intuitions about which actors deserve blame, shape attitudes toward the use of force against a hostile state? I apply insights from recent work in social psychology to investigate the causal mechanisms linking punitive beliefs to support for a nuclear strike. In a large- N study, I find that the strength and ethical logic underlying beliefs about punishment affect attitudes regarding the use of nuclear weapons, and who to blame for the crisis, which mediates the causal pathway. Those who ground their support for severe punishment not in the logic of moral justice, but in societal benefit, are more likely to hold foreign citizens socially responsible for their state's actions.
Development of Ag NPs/allantoin loaded PCL/GEL electrospun nanofibers for topical wound treatment
Authors: Doostmohammadi Mohsen , Niknezhad Seyyed Vahid , Forootanfar Hamid , Ghasemi Younes , Jafari Elham , Adeli-Sardou Mahboubeh , Amirsadeghi Armin , Ameri Alieh
Published: October 2023

In the present study, the allantoin and silver nanoparticle (Ag NPs) loaded poly caprolactone/gelatin (PCL/GEL) nanofibers produced using electrospinning technique and their cyto-compatibility and wound healing activity were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The SEM imaging revealed diameters of 278.8 ± 10 and 240.6 ± 12 nm for PCL/GEL/Ag NPs and PCL/GEL/Ag NPs/allantoin scaffolds. The Ag NPs entrapment into scaffolds was evaluated by FTIR analysis and EDX mapping. Both scaffolds containing Ag NPs and Ag NPs/allantoin exhibited valuable wound healing activity in Wistar rat animal model. The profound granulation tissue formation, high collagen deposition in coordination with low level of edema and inflammatory cells in Ag NPs/allantoin loaded scaffolds resulted in complete and mature re-epithelialization in giving the healing score (12 out of 12) equal to positive control group to the wounds treated with these scaffolds. It was concluded that the Ag NPs/allantoin loaded scaffolds regarding to their good antibacterial activity and excellent wound healing activity could be introduced as new effective wound dressing materials.
The ‘normality’ of labour exploitation: The right to fair and just working conditions in the Union's social market economy
Authors: Di Marco Antonio
Published: October 2023

This study argues that the Union maintains a double standard on working conditions in relation to the criteria established at international level, which allows to tolerate situations of labour exploitation as ‘unserious’, ‘proportionated’ or ‘normal’ phenomena. By analysing the gaps in the protection of the right to fair and just working conditions, the idea that an upward convergence of workers’ rights would be supported (and required) by the general duty to protect human dignity and to ensure fair competition in the Single Market is advanced. The relationship between these fundamental principles in the implementation of the right to fair and just working conditions is examined through the notion of ‘social market economy’. The aim is to illustrate what kind of measures could (or should) be taken to integrate the protection of human rights and market efficiency, and whether in practice there seems to be an articulation between these fundamental principles or, on the contrary, an insurmountable contradiction.
Numerical vibroacoustic analysis of multi-layered composite structure under hygrothermal loading using coupled FEM-IBEM micromechanical model
Authors: Dash Binita , Mahapatra Trupti Ranjan , Mishra Debadutta
Published: October 2023

The vibroacoustic responses of multi-layer composite shallow shell panels subjected to harmonic mechanical excitation in hygrothermal environment is numerically investigated. A homogenized micromechanical finite element (FE) based on the higher-order mid-plane kinematics replicating quadratic function as well as the through the thickness stretching effect together with the indirect boundary element (IBE) scheme has been first time employed. The isoparametric Lagrangian element with zero-order Hermitian interpolation function (10 degrees of freedom per node) is used for structural model discretization to attain the hygro-thermo-elastic natural frequencies via Hamilton’s principle. The uniqueness of the model is the incorporation of the effective material properties under combined hygrothermal loading via a micromechanics approach. An IBE method is then implemented to attain structure-surrounding coupling and the Helmholtz wave equation is solved to compute the sound radiation responses. The effectiveness of the model is tested by converging it with the similar analytical/numerical results as well as the experimentally acquired data for vibrational as well as acoustic responses. The present scheme is further hold out for solving diverse numerical illustrations. The geometrical parameters, volume fraction of fiber, layup, and support conditions alongside the hygrothermal load is found to have significant influence on the hygro-thermo-acoustic characteristics. The functional inferences will assist in designing the imminent multi-layered structures that serve under the influence of severe hygrothermal loading during high-performance engineering applications.
Energy and exergy analysis of latent heat storage with heat pipe encased in phase change material
Authors: Pise Gargee , Nandgaonkar Milankumar
Published: October 2023

Loop heat pipe (LHP) encased in phase change material (PCM) incorporated annular to catalytic converter (CC) is proposed to augment the performance of the “thermal energy storage” (TES). LHP are designed to extract surplus heat from the exhaust discharge, thereby reducing the amount of exhaust heat emitted into the atmosphere. A four-cylinder IC engine’s CC is considered with Mg70Zn24.9Al5.1, paraffin oil as PCM and working fluid for the heat pipe are evaluated. A comparative experimental investigation was performed considering two models for CC with and without heat pipe integrated in the TES for (i) distribution of average PCM temperature (ii) energy, exergy efficiency and distribution (iii) effectiveness (iv) instantaneous waste heat recovered during heat storage. Transient cycles at 2000 r/min with varying load conditions were run considering city drive conditions. Heat storage for CC with heat pipe encased in TES was found to be 35% faster, whereas discharge time for CC without heat pipe developed in TES was found to be longer. For melt fraction 1, maximum exergy efficiencies of 71% and 69% were observed for the TES unit with and without heat pipe. Heat pipes are observed to help extract a considerable amount of surplus heat from exhaust and reduce the exhaust gas outlet temperature released into the atmosphere by nearly 130 – 40°C under various load circumstances.
Predictive control scheme by integrating event-triggered mechanism and disturbance observer under actuator failure and sensor fault
Authors: Panda Atanu , Thirunavukarasu Narayani , Panda Rames C
Published: October 2023

Liquid-level control in an interacting storage-tank system exhibits major challenges due to the effect of interaction and the presence of combustible/flammable liquid as it faces huge threats from the unmeasurable disturbances, irregular geometry and unmodelled dynamics of the process plant. A combination of tanks with multiple geometries may be preferred for storing liquids using common pumps for energy conservation. Continuous improvement of risk assessment, predicting hazardous scenarios and implementation of inherently-safer-control systems ensure process safety and, as a result, ease out the safe operation. From the process analysis, it was observed that the dynamics of the interacting tank are very sensitive to effective parameters like valve coefficient and pump gain. To overcome the loss of inventory or production, we investigate the synthesis of a non-linear model predictive control scheme with an outline of simultaneous state and parameter estimation strategies. This mechanism deals with a stochastic event-trigger cubature Kalman filter scheme to estimate process states while performing servo operations. To mitigate plant uncertainty, reduce the impact of large disturbances and nullify the effect of actuator failure/sensor fault, influential model parameters are estimated simultaneously with the model state(s). Predicted values of the model states/parameters/faults are used to derive an effective control effort. An inferential non-linear model predictive control paradigm is proposed, where the primary variable(s) is (are) measured with the help of measurable secondary state(s). To demonstrate the practical utility and effectiveness of the control framework for safe operation and loss prevention, a complex industrial process (quadrupled tank) is considered for control, where the system dynamics have been structured newly. Realistic simulations such as servo-regulatory compliance and elimination of measurement noise with a state-of-the-art simulator ensures the efficacy of the proposed scheme. The results are analysed further for a comparative study with traditional non-linear model predictive control law. To guarantee convergence of the estimator and stability of the closed-loop controller, the Lyapunov theorem is well blended.
Advances in the study of exosome-derived miRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Wu Yu , Dong Hai Rong , Liu Li Tin , Peng Mei Lin , Su Xiu Lan
Published: October 2023

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory disease caused by autoantibodies, with high morbidity and mortality. It involves multiple systems, particularly the renal, which can lead to lupus nephritis (LN); its multi-system effects have a significant impact on the physical and mental health of patients. Exosomes are vesicles that are secreted during cell activity and carry a variety of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. They are distributed through body fluids for cellular communication. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are nucleic acids that are packaged within the exosome that are taken up and released in response to changes in plasma membrane structure. MiRNAs are potential participants in immune and inflammatory responses, which are transported to target cells and can inhibit gene expression in receptor cells. It has been suggested that exosomal miRNA can regulate the pathogenesis of SLE and, as such, they are of value in diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, we focus on the research progress into exosomal miRNA in SLE and inspire new directions for SLE related research.
Creating Pathways to Opportunity: Non-formal Educational ‘Inclusion’ for Rohingya Refugee Children in Bangladesh
Authors: Habib Md. Reza , Chowdhury Arnab Roy , Uldanov Artem
Published: October 2023

In coordination with the Government of Bangladesh, the United Nations Children’s Fund and Save the Children International have been conducting a non-formal educational programme for the children of Rohingya refugees since 2017. Domestic partner non-governmental organizations are implementing the initiative. The purpose of this study was to examine the policy and the institutional arrangements and determine how they may influence the inclusion of Rohingya children in the education system. We found that the programme has set up infrastructure, but the location of refugee education that the government created is distinctly short-term, top-down, emergency-oriented and restrictive in many ways. Evidently, in order to avoid geopolitical and local sociocultural tensions, the host government did not really want to integrate refugees into local services and facilities, particularly access to education in public institutions. Nevertheless, civil society organizations and the Rohingya negotiated with the government, to a certain extent, an ‘inclusive’ space through discussion, dialogue and resilience for an expansion of this educational sphere. This space has created a limited sense of empowerment among the Rohingya.
Layers and dynamics of social impact: Musicians’ perspectives on participatory music activities
Authors: van Zijl Anemone G. W. , De bisschop An
Published: October 2023

Participatory music activities designed to fulfill both artistic and social aims have become widespread across the world. Such activities are often linked to the generation of social impact. In the present research, we explored musicians’ perspectives on the social impact of these activities. A total of 47 musicians with experience in leading participatory music activities in various settings in Belgium completed a survey; 21 took part in follow-up, in-depth interviews. We used a constructive grounded-theory approach to analyze the data. The findings of previous research, typically exploring participants’ perspectives, suggest that social impact should be understood as effects on participants that persist after the activity has taken place. Our findings suggest, by contrast, that musicians who lead participatory music activities conceptualize the social impact of their work as layered and dynamic: layered meaning that social impact can be situated on the level of the musicians’ intentions, the core aspects of their practice, and its effects on themselves as musicians, on participants, and on the wider society; dynamic meaning they see these layers as interacting with and influencing each other. These findings may contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the social impact of participatory music activities and have implications for practice, policy, and future research.
Medium-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the life contexts and personal resources of vulnerable young people
Authors: Cohen-Scali Valérie
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has led people to experience significant personal and professional challenges. Although many studies were carried out during the pandemic and in the short term, few of them have focused on medium-term impacts. This article raises awareness on the situation of vulnerable young people and discusses the role of contexts and psychological resources in mitigating the detrimental effects of this pandemic. Twenty-three young people aged 18 to 25 registered at a career center in France took part in a semistructured interview. Thematic content analysis reveals an impact on some psychological processes, leading to four types of coping strategies. It shows that biographical disruptions occur in three successive stages. The discussion refers to a career counseling intervention program with a focus on sustainability.
Between norms and margins: The “Norms–Fringe–Margins” model. A dynamic model of psychosocial self-construction through an expanded notion of working
Authors: Pouyaud Jacques , Angel Vincent
Published: October 2023

This article addresses the new forms and relationships to work currently developing, in line with the upheavals of the Anthropocene. Occupational and counseling psychology are developing models that increasingly integrate systemic and contextual dimensions to understand careers and work-related issues. We propose a theoretical model “Norms–Fringe–Margins” to approach these new forms of work as hybrid constructs, sources of both personal and social innovation. We argue that these new ways of relating to work can contribute to sustainable and just commitments to citizenship, both at the individual and social levels. The model distinguishes three interrelated spaces of psychosocial self-construction through work: a normed space (Norm), a space on the margin (Margin), and an intermediate space (Fringe). To analyze the psychosocial construction of a person, we study the dynamic interactions of these three psychosocial spaces as a presence supported by a set of tensions to overcome.
Indigenous roots of osteopathy
Authors: Mehl-Madrona Lewis , Conte Josie A , Mainguy Barbara
Published: October 2023

We explore the historical connection of Andrew Taylor Still, hereafter referred to as Still, with Indigenous peoples of the Central Plains, USA, notably the Shawnee, Pawnee, Kickapoo, Cherokee, and Pottawatomie. These nations had well-developed forms of hands-on healing and practicing lightning bone setting. We trace evidence through Still for his connectedness with these people and respect for their traditions. We use an autoethnographic approach to explore the traditional hands-on therapies of these nations and discovered that they are quite similar to osteopathy. The authors compared practices, finding that American osteopathy was strikingly similar to what is practiced by traditional Cherokee hands-on healers. We propose that Still did not invent osteopathy de novo but built it on Indigenous practices already existing among the tribes of Missouri. We believe this is important because the osteopathic community does not acknowledge any contribution of Indigenous people to their field, which should change.
Reliability of telemedicine evaluation for EDSS functional systems in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Marin Cássia E , Pinto Paula de O , dos Passos Giordani R , Cuervo Daissy LM , Wagner Mario B , Becker Jefferson , Sato Douglas K
Published: October 2023

Introduction: There was an increase in telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic to follow patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there is scarce data if online evaluations can cover important information assessed during in-clinic appointments, especially the Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS). This study aims to develop a remote evaluation tool for EDSS functional systems and compare the performance with face-to-face evaluations. Methods: This was a single-center study that included all MS patients followed up at outpatient clinics of Hospital São Lucas Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, between April and August 2022. Initially, patients were routinely in-clinic evaluated by one trained neurologist for EDSS. After, patients were evaluated remotely without any information about the in-clinic EDSS results. We used a standardized interview with an interactive video platform to evaluate EDSS functional systems by telemedicine. Results: Forty-nine participants completed the two steps. Intra-class coefficient was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95–0.98), concordance for EDSS below 4.0 was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.77–0.93) and ≥4.0 was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.89–0.99). There was perfect agreement in the final EDSS in 71.4% of the online and in-clinic evaluations. In the multivariate analysis, the visual (beta = 0.453; p = 0.003) and pyramidal (beta = 0.403; p = 0.009) systems contributed significantly to the difference in the final EDSS. Conclusion: The telemedicine tool created in this study can detect changes in functional systems with reliable results compared to in-clinic EDSS assessment. Telemedicine evaluations may reduce the number of in-clinic visits and the disease burden for patients with MS.
“Eat Me! Eat Me! tounsi”: English in Tunisian linguistic landscapes beyond the official policy legislations
Authors: Helal Fethi
Published: October 2023

Aims and objectives:

This paper investigates the diffusion of English into the linguistic ecologies of Tunisia, an Expanding Outer Circle society in North Africa. It analyzes the language practices of Tunisian business operators in five commercial localities in metropolitan Tunis. The paper focuses, in particular, on the uses of English and its interaction with Tunisia’s dominant languages, the ways the resources of English are locally understood and deployed and the intersection of the emerging “language regime” (Kroskrity, 2000) with the official linguistic landscapes policies and the wider sociohistorical, political, and economic conditions of the country.

Methodology and data:

Detailed discourse-ethnographic analysis of 363 linguistic landscape signs collected from 5 commercial districts in metropolitan Tunis.

Findings and conclusions:

The findings indicated the emergence of a bottom-up English-led public signage communicating a global corporate ideology circumventing the official language policies mandating the use and visibility of Modern Standard Arabic in public signage. However, this English-led public posting is intertwined in complex ways with Tunisia’s dominant languages, resulting in translanguaging, linguistic puns, the commodification of vernacular forms of communication as well as (supra)national and aesthetic identity markers.

Originality:

Tunisia, a traditionally constructed Francophone country moving toward English, is very little explored in the major Global English(es) paradigms. The paper focuses on the possible ideological, economic, and cultural changes engendered by English and connects these changes to the global socioeconomic, political, and cultural transformations undergone by the country over the last decades.
Old for young: Cross-national examination of intergenerational political solidarity
Authors: de Paula Sieverding Theresa , Merten Martin , Kastner Karen
Published: October 2023

Socioecological crises, such as the climate crisis, place a heavy burden on young and future generations. However, these generations have less influence on political and economic decisions. Older generations will be less affected by most socioecological crises but have a greater impact in terms of contribution and resolution. Therefore, young and future generations depend on older generations to act in solidarity. In a preregistered online survey study, we examined the political solidarity of older adults with young people in three countries (US, N = 399; Germany, N = 401; and Brazil, N = 403). Results show that affinity with young people and legacy motivation directly explained intergenerational political solidarity in all three countries. In the US and Brazil, quantity and quality of intergenerational contact with young people indirectly explained political solidarity through affinity. These findings suggest that increasing the closeness between generations may be a promising lever for intergenerational solidarity.
Radiation proctitis with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding complicated by cytomegalovirus
Authors: Auyeung Austin B , Rayan Melanie N , Tang Xiaolan , Thomas Sanil
Published: October 2023

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) usually causes infections with mild symptoms in immunocompetent individuals. However, in immunocompromised patients, these infections can be serious or life-threatening. Following initial infection, CMV typically becomes dormant but remains lifelong in the host. Reactivation of the latent virus can occur in many organ systems, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Radiation proctitis is a known risk factor associated with prostate radiation, with complicating ulceration and GI bleeding. We present the first case report of an immunocompetent 81-year-old male with multiple episodes of life-threatening GI bleeding, secondary to a non-healing CMV-positive rectal ulcer and CMV colitis following radiation for prostate cancer. Multiple insults including prostate radiation, repeated blood transfusions and CMV infection likely contributed to the recurrent bleeding episodes.
Australian and New Zealand Nurses: Social and Emotional Attributes and Work Engagement
Authors: Sheridan Lynn , Wilson Lynere , Alonzo Dennis , Middleton Rebekkah
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic presented significant job engagement challenges for the nursing workforce with increased pressures and workplace changes. Nursing staff shortages have increased nurse anxiety, burnout, fear, low morale and intentions to leave the profession. Nursing care is inherently stressful and at times complex, with stress often due to work inconsistencies, a lack of role clarity, workloads and time pressures. This study explores nurses job engagement, by looking specifically at nurses social-emotional attributes – Occupational Commitment, Self-efficacy Beliefs, Collective Efficacy Beliefs, Resilience, Adaptability and Emotional Labour. This protocol describes a mixed methods convergent parallel study, incorporating a survey questionnaire. The survey comprised of quantitative and qualitative questions, with data collected simultaneously, analysed separately, and integrated in the final analysis step. The survey design used validated social-emotional items, sorting and ranking questions and short answer responses. Analysis will involve individual and comparative analysis of the two participants groups, they are: Australian nurses ( n = 86) and New Zealand Nurses ( n = 275). Data collection was conducted during two different time periods – Australian pilot (2020-21) and in New Zealand (2022–2023). Recruitment involved the use of professional and personal nursing networks, newsletters and social media communications. Ethics approval was obtained through participating universities in both countries. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conferences, blogs, newsletters and reports to nursing networks. The study will provide valuable insights into nurses’ social-emotional attributes and the role they play in job engagement.
Antifungal Potential and Chemical Composition of Chamaecyparis formosensis and Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana Essential Oils in Liquid and Vapor Phases Against 4 Fungal Species
Authors: Chen Ying-Ju , Yeh Ruo-Yun , Cheng Sen-Sung
Published: October 2023

Background

Only a few studies have investigated the bioactivity of the essential oils (EOs) of Chamaecyparis formosensis and C. obtusa var. formosana, which are endemic to Taiwan. The wood and leaf EOs extracted from C. obtusa var. formosana had anti-inflammatory and antitermitic effects, respectively, and the twig EO extracted from C. formosensis inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum, Pestalotiopsis funerea, and Ganoderma australe.

Methods

A poisoned food technique was used to evaluate the antifungal effects of wood and leaf EOs extracted from C. formosensis and C. obtusa var. formosana on brown rot fungus, white rot fungus, and mold. A phytatray chamber assay was conducted to investigate the antifungal activities of the EOs in the vapor phase. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to examine the chemical constituents of both EOs.

Results

The leaf EO extracted from C. formosensis primarily contained monoterpene hydrocarbons, whereas the leaf EO extracted from C. obtusa var. formosana primarily contained monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The wood EOs extracted from C. formosensis and C. obtusa var. formosana primarily contained sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. These results indicated that the wood EOs had higher antifungal activity in the liquid phase, whereas the leaf EOs had higher antifungal activity in the vapor phase.

Conclusion

Wood EOs extracted from C. formosensis and C. obtusa var. formosana have strong antifungal effects against Gloeophyllum trabeum, Lenzites betulina, Trametes versicolor, and Trichoderma sp. Compared with wood EOs, leaf EOs have a greater inhibitory effect on mycelial growth in the vapor phase. In both the liquid and vapor phases, the EOs extracted from C. formosensis and C. obtusa var. formosana serve as effective antifungal agents against pathogenic fungi. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the antifungal activities of EOs in different phases and explore their potential applications.
Designing Worthy Waiting Spaces: A Cross-Cultural Study of Waiting Room Features and Their Impact on Women’s Affective States
Authors: Huber Amy , Bailey Rachel
Published: October 2023

Objective:

This study examines the impact of ambulatory waiting room characteristics on patients’ emotional states and investigates whether these states are universally experienced or influenced by social and cultural factors among women aged 18–35 from the three largest demographic groups in the United States: Black, Hispanic/Latina, and White.

Background:

Patients typically spend more time waiting for routine medical appointments than receiving care, and evidence suggests that waiting can reinforces power dynamics that benefit privileged groups, leading to different experiences for minority women seeking preventative care. Still, literature addressing the impact of waiting areas is largely limited to universal measures, and little is known about how different ethnic/race groups respond to waiting spaces.

Methods:

This inquiry used a questionnaire assessing 15 waiting room characteristics and testing four variables (furniture arrangement, room-scale, color saturation, and quantity of positive distractions) in a 2 × 3 quasiexperiment using a fractional randomized block design with 24 waiting room images.

Findings:

Responses from 1,114 participants revealed mutual preferences for sociopetal seating, positive distractions, neutral colors, and welcoming and calming environments. Yet, Black participants indicated significantly greater importance in seeing ethnically/racially similar patients and healthcare providers and strategies that promote transparency, including image-based provider directories and views into the clinic.

Conclusion:

By investigating the impact of the waiting room environment on patient affect and comparing perceptions across three demographic groups of women, this study offers insights into potential strategies for improving access to preventative care services by creating more welcoming ambulatory care waiting environments.