bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Big Data Analytics for Search Engine Optimization in Intelligent Business
Authors: Paramasivam Isakki Alias Devi , Anthonyraj Selvakumar
Published: February 2022

Big data has a massive impact on the world today, publicly and in the business province. SEO (Search Engine Optimization) is one of the areas of intelligent business marketing that is continuously affected by the insights. Big data makes it easier for search engines to analyze the content and deliver results that are relevant to user needs. Search engine optimization takes into account how search engines work, the computer-programmed algorithms that govern look search engine behavior, what users search for, and the actual search keywords submitted into search engines. Search engines are always preferred by their targeted audience. Big data analytics is obliging to increase website traffic. This really helps to apply intelligence in business areas. This chapter deals with big data analytics for SEO in intelligent business.
Applying Intelligent Big Data Analytics in a Smart Airport Business
Authors: Narongou Desmond , Sun Zhaohao
Published: February 2022

Airports have always been one of the biggest contributors of big data to the aviation ecosystem. With the abundance of data available, big data analytics can help transform the airports to smart ones. This chapter examines airport analytics from a business process viewpoint. It explores the value of applying intelligent big data analytics in an airport from an operations perspective and strategic differentiation perspective. This chapter also discusses the challenges faced when adopting intelligent big data analytics in a smart airport paradigm from the perspective of PNG's National Airports Corporation (NAC). This chapter then looks at how these challenges can be overcome to realize the true value of applying intelligent big data analytics in an airport. The approach proposed in this chapter might contribute to expediting research of future development of intelligent big data analytics solutions that are customizable to an airport to recognize the real value of intelligent big data analytics in all facets of its operations.
The Relationships Between Users' Negative Tweets, Topic Choices, and Subjective Well-Being in Japan
Authors: Ye Shaoyu , Wakabayashi Kei , Ho Kevin K. W. , Khan Muhammad Haseeb
Published: February 2022

This study examined the relationships between expressions in Tweets, topic choices, and subjective well-being among undergraduates in Japan. The authors conducted a survey with 304 college students and analyzed their Twitter posts using natural language processing (NLP). Based on those who posted over 50 tweets, the authors found that (1) users with higher levels of social skills had fewer negative tweets and higher levels of subjective well-being; (2) frequent users posted both positive and negative tweets but posted more negative than positive tweets; (3) users with fewer negative tweets or with more positive tweets had higher levels of subjective well-being; and (4) “safe” topics such as social events and personal interests had a positive correlation with the users' subjective well-being, while debatable topics such as politics and social issues had a negative correlation with the users' subjective well-being. The findings of this study provide the foundation for applying NLP to analyze the social media posts for businesses and services to understand their consumers' sentiments.
Institutional Accreditation and Participatory Engagement in Online For-Profit Higher Education
Authors: DeZolt Denise , Rodriguez Tiffany
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to propose a participatory stakeholder engagement approach to institutional accreditation particularly in the online for-profit sector. Components of this approach are inclusion, engagement, and mutually valued goals of revenue generation, student outcomes, and social responsibility. The approach is applied to several accreditation themes including mission, governance, faculty, institutional effectiveness, and public good. It concludes with a path forward for accreditors and institutions.
Refugee Camps
Authors: Zaidi Zeba , Garcia Reyes
Published: February 2022

This chapter seeks to explore the key considerations that should be employed by camp coordinators and designers to mitigate the fundamental issues being faced by camps today and provide a safer and more durable living environment for refugees. It also aims to provide alternative camp design and material solutions and provide insight into the use of new technologies to aid these considerations. Specifically, this chapter will be exploring GIS technologies and their use in field operations. The need to rethink refugee camps is vital given the continuously increasing influx of refugees worldwide. However, within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study becomes even more critical for the safety of refugees, camp workers, and host countries alike. This chapter will delve deeper into the topics of camp design and layout, camp shelter and materials, and employing technologies such as GIS in the process of redesigning camps.
Application of Artificial Intelligence Towards Successful Ageing
Authors: Miloulis Stavros-Theofanis , Kakkos Ioannis , Anastasiou Athanasios , Matsopoulos George K. , Koutsouris Dimitris
Published: February 2022

Global population ageing is a pressing issue with significant humanitarian implications associated with compromised independence, social isolation, frailty, and diminished quality of life affecting millions of older individuals and their families worldwide as well as healthcare and social infrastructures. In this context, this chapter presents a personalized smart-living framework for promoting healthy and successful ageing, combining interdisciplinary knowledge and technologies including internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and affective computing (AC). The proposed intervention tackles the health-related, societal, and emotional impacts of ageing within a society with a rising mean global age aiming to mitigate the effects of decline and reduce the associated risks. The outlined architecture is based on sensor-derived information blended with non-sensor-based computerized modules and voice-based inputs for establishing a smart ecosystem that enables older people to live independently inside and outside their home, maintaining a high cognitive and physical status.
Blockchain-Based Secured Voting Using Multi-Level Authentication
Authors: Megala G.  , Sevugan Prabu , Venkatesan R.
Published: February 2022

Although electronic voting has been used for many decades, electoral organizations are still adopting it. Despite technologies that preserve the secrecy, authenticity, and privacy of data, vote-rigging and privacy breaches remain a risk in e-voting systems. Blockchain is a distributed technology that underpins bitcoin. It appears to be a fit for digital election systems, as it provides a chance to keep data secret and prohibit data manipulation. But blockchain alone is not enough to address other concerns that come up during elections such as how to make sure that the person voting has the right to do so while keeping their identity disconnected from their vote. The user can safely vote from the three-levels of authentication: OTP, QR codeshare, and blockchain. Here, the system contains a secured timestamp and the hashcode which is used to identify attacks on the distributed server. These protected services provide secure vote casting and remedies for security issues. The legal limitations are also analyzed in the blockchain distributed ledger.
Advanced Smart Educational Systems Using Blockchain Technology
Authors: Babu Mannava Yesu , Vuppala Balaji , L. Sharmila , Ashok S. Denis , Srinivas Amedapu
Published: February 2022

Blockchain is one of the new modern technologies of the tech world. Bitcoin was first introduced with this technology and is being extremely tested for several cryptocurrencies continuously. The research scholars and businesses have been concentrating on its pertinence in furthering many zones such as education, business, healthcare, logistics, and some more areas. This chapter shows the benefits of blockchain technology in the educational area. The advantage of blockchain technology in the educational sector is support in improving the convenience and value of educational areas. There are some zones in education that are essential: continuous observations of students and student correlated data and transcripts, decrease in physical and administration, and more. Further, the monitoring and tracing capability of the blockchain and some solutions to the problems have been proposed.
The Integration of Blockchain With IoT in Smart Appliances
Authors: Anitha A. , T. Haritha
Published: February 2022

An amazing utilization of internet of things (IoT)-based smart technologies has been observed in recent years. Internet of things (IoT) became smarter and autonomous, leading the way by interconnecting and interacting with the environment. Existing technologies such as big data, AI, and cloud computing have been supported by IoT but with some limitations. Blockchain is the better solution to access and share data with the decentralized system. IoT spreads its applications in healthcare, industrial internet of things, supply chain management, traffic management, etc., out of which smart cities take special attention in recent days by integrating with IoT to create a sustainable ecosystem by using information and communication technology (ICT). Smart cities can offer various smart applications for boosting the life prominence of society. These characteristics of blockchain are beneficial to the creation of smart cities. In this regard, the authors have conducted a systematic review of articles. This study highlights the integration of blockchain with IoT.
Turkish Postdoctoral Scholar Teaching Experiences and Professional Learning Opportunities From a Phenomenological Lens
Authors: Kuru-Çetin Saadet , Demirkasımoğlu Nihan
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the professional learning and development opportunities of postdoctoral researchers from the faculty of education with phenomenological design to discover the experiences of the Ph.D. research assistants and assistant professors working for a teaching university at non-tenure status. The data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using content analysis. The findings revealed that postdoctoral scholars experienced difficulties such as material development, teaching methods, and classroom management skills. Results suggested that postdoctoral scholars' teaching experiences mostly improved by their individual efforts and more university support is needed to to manage this stressful experience. The postgraduate's abroad experience is another factor that requires special attention in the role transition of academics since the cultural contexts of the studied and teaching may differ to a large extent. Universities should develop programs that are well-designed and include practice-based learning opportunities.
Innovative Changes in the Education System as an Effect of COVID-19
Authors: Prathapagiri Vasantha Gouri
Published: February 2022

COVID-19 has brought about dramatic changes in every sector of human civilization, the education system in particular. Right from KG (kindergarten) to PG (post-graduation) and beyond, students of all age groups are affected by the pandemic. While primary school students are completely denied of basic education, secondary and high school students are also seriously affected. Education online is not available to all the students throughout the length and breadth of the country due to the serious digital divide situation in the country. Teachers are also not well trained to teach online. In this situation, there is a need to make innovative decisions to change the teaching pattern and save the children from loss of academic year and also prevent the teachers from losing their livelihoods. With the initiative of government and other funding agencies, novel methods of teaching and learning online need to be quickly and effectively adapted throughout the country.
The Digital Teacher
Authors: Fayda-Kinik F. Sehkar
Published: February 2022

The requirements of Education 4.0 and the unprecedented impacts of COVID-19 on education have been digitally transformative in learning and teaching processes. It has become essential to create the digital teacher with the required qualifications, rather than an optional endeavor, as improving teachers' technological skills has become even more important. To qualify the digital teacher, both pre- and in-service teachers should be trained from the perspectives of technology, pedagogy, and content, which are synthesized in the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) framework. As a technology-integrated approach to teaching, TPACK conceptualizes the three main knowledge domains a teacher should have, including the intersections of these domains. Thus, this chapter explores and analyzes TPACK studies on teacher training. In this chapter, the theoretical background of the TPACK framework is introduced, and research surrounding TPACK studies is reviewed for teacher training purposes. Finally, the results are discussed with key considerations along with future research directions.
Pandemic Impact on Adult Education and Training Practices in Portugal
Authors: Alcoforado Luís , Figueiredo Ana Beatriz , Afonso Ana
Published: February 2022

Portugal has been developing policy initiatives aimed at raising the levels of education and professional qualifications of the adult population. Among the most innovative practices resulting from these proposals, a system of recognition, validation, and certification of competences was implemented, based on centers and teams prepared for the development of these innovative activities. With the 2020 pandemic, educational practices, until then essentially face-to-face, were forced to use different means and to resort to digital technologies. This chapter presents the results of an investigation carried out through a questionnaire aimed at professionals from the centers that allows us to conclude that, despite some difficulties and regardless of the unquestionable importance of face-to-face activities, the use of digital technologies was presented as a good solution and can be enhanced in favor of training people and the activity of the centers.
Transformative and Innovative Pedagogies in Education
Authors: Nzyoka Yongo Cyd W.
Published: February 2022

Understanding the paradigm of transformative learning and pedagogies calls for delving deep into various nuances the concept holds. It begs of the readers to accept that transformative learning mainly in the digital realm has no destination rather a platform that continuously evolves. And as the chapter traverses to expound on the significance of transitioning from traditional to transformative learning, the value of change is profound. The need to design effective modules, instructional aids, and platforms with every turn of the century will go a long way into ensuring transformative learning in academia advances all its end users to where they need to be versus where circumstances place them. Key players that include students, teachers, and all other stakeholders must hold this concept in high esteem and be willing to operationalize transformative learning and pedagogies like a well-oiled machine if progressive outcomes are desired consistently. Purposiveness is the winning strategy to pursue.
Decolonizing the African University Pedagogy Through Integrating African Indigenous Knowledge and Information Systems
Authors: Sekiwu Denis , Akena Francis Adyanga , Rugambwa Nina Olivia
Published: February 2022

This chapter examines the prospects of reaffirming the importance of Africa's indigenous knowledge in global scholarship. Since colonialism, there has been a persistent tendency for Western knowledge framers to demean African indigenous knowledge (AIK). This tendency has implications for the global cosmopolitan society where indigenous knowledge is commendably of benefit. The chapter suggests a convergence of Western knowledge and AIK bases to counter neocolonial hegemony in knowledge production. Such transformation supports the intellectualization and decolonization of the African university pedagogy by integration of indigenous knowledge. The attempt for colonialism to miseducate the colonized Africans suffocated the potential of AIK, a process that has been reproduced in post-colonial formal education. The chapter advocates for the reconsideration of the place and significance of AIK in the formal university pedagogy as a deliberate strategy to decolonize dominant hegemonic epistemology.
Preservice Teacher Competencies of Incorporating Standards for Mathematical Practices With Content Standards
Authors: Gichobi Mary Njeri
Published: February 2022

This chapter examines the extent to which preservice teachers (PSTs) enrolled in an integrated mathematics content and methods course planned and incorporated the Common Core State Standards for Mathematical Practices (SMPs) and the content standards after being actively engaged in activities that modeled how to use SMPs in mathematics classrooms. Results revealed that PSTs purposefully identified SMPs as they planned the lessons and there was evidence that they incorporated SMPs as they taught the lesson. The chapter makes visible the nature of the activities used in the content courses, how the activities were facilitated during the semester, and provides insights into the extent to which the activities develop PSTs' beginning competencies of integrating SMPs and content standards in a real classroom setting. The success and challenges that PSTs confronted are also explicated, and implications for research are discussed.
Surface Modification Techniques for Bio-Materials
Authors: Thanigaivelan R.  , Prakash Satya , Maniraj S.
Published: February 2022

The increasing population demands materials with higher expectations associated to quality of life cropping up from an aging population. Recently there has been an ever-increasing search for novel biomaterials as the material needs for complex biomedical devices shoots up with time. This chapter discusses the different technology used for surface modification of material for biomedical applications. The surface modification process is generally used to obtain the antibacterial properties, antifouling, enhanced mechanical properties, reduced cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory potential, improved hemocompatibility, and osseointegration capabilities. Various metallic materials are considered as biocompatible materials such as titanium alloys, stainless steel alloys, and magnesium alloys. Moreover, surface modification of dental implants and polymers were reviewed, and recent progress and challenges in application of biomaterials are reported related to the surface modification process.
Influence of Additive Manufacturing in Reentry Launch Vehicle
Authors: Prasad G.  , Jawahar Sahana , Sripad Kulkarni S.  , Deepika G. N.  , Ahmed Mirzada Mahaz , Likitha S.
Published: February 2022

The two most significant and recently employed techniques in the reusable launch vehicle are computational fluid dynamics and additive fabrication. The design and flow simulation of the reentry capsule were done in this study utilizing computational fluid dynamics in order to optimize the appropriate reentry capsule design. Computational fluid dynamics may be utilized to model real-time supersonic flow during reentry, which aids in forecasting critical shock wave properties. The task was done in Mach 4.3. Furthermore, as compared to prior efforts, the production of shock waves has been delayed in the current experiments. It should be mentioned that the current aerospace sector takes advantage of additive printing to create prototypes for testing reentry launch vehicles. Additive manufacturing is a recently used technique in the reentry launch vehicle. The space industry has been progressively utilizing additive manufacturing in their production in order to optimize their processes and manufacture components that are not achievable with traditional manufacturing methods.
A Review of the Fire Behaviour of Agro-Waste Fibre Composite Material for Industrial Utilization in Nigeria
Authors: Suoware Timine , Amgbari Charles O.
Published: February 2022

Agro-waste fibres (AWFs) are of very reasonable economic value and have attracted a lot of research interest globally. AWFs have significant potential in composites due to low cost, high strength, environmental benign nature, availability, and sustainability. Nevertheless, dozens of the investigations have failed to give the desired attention of the fire behaviour of AWF composite materials when exposed to heat atmosphere. In this chapter, a detailed account of AWF composite material combustion process was discussed to understand the reason for the high heat release rates (HRR) caused by cellulosic content. HRR is a critical component of the flammability properties of AWF composite materials as the fire behaviour largely depends on it. The prospective examination of AWF composite material fire behaviour gives the required direction about the limits of their utilization and developmental trends for future industrial applications in Nigeria.
Enhancing Education and Interaction for the Visually Impaired Using Deep Learning and IoT
Authors: Dash Sanjit Kumar , Biswal Rudra Madhav , Misra Aisurya , Swain Rajesh , Ray Saswat , Mishra Jibitesh
Published: February 2022

Education for all has been a fundamental ideology behind the prosperity and development of a nation. The proposed system based on IoT aims to improve the quality of education and interaction for the visually challenged through object classification, learning, and digital library. This paper introduces a deep learning enabled percussive methodology for interaction of the blind. The methodology proposed in this work takes recorded audio as input and performs classification based on certain characteristics in order to determine a knock pattern. A proof-of-concept wearable device is introduced allowing visually challenged persons to passively read braille by stimulation on the skin of the forearm. A web application is designed that enables any ebook to be streamed via this web application to the wearable device. An Android application is presented that serves as an application to assist in daily life activities. The proposed system is tested on two different categories of subjects consisting of visually impaired and blindfolded people.
Consumer Trust in Mobile Food Delivery Apps
Authors: Gupta Shelly , Chopra Ritika , Tanwar Santroop , Manjhi Sumit Kumar
Published: February 2022

The cumulative growth of the internet, mobile technology, and phenomenal communicative interface have created a whole new experience for mobile applications. Food companies have leveraged this innovation to provide their customers with an alternate channel to order food online. This study aims to identify and empirically examine the determinants of consumers' trust in mobile food delivery applications (MFDAs) and to measure the impact of consumers' trust on their intention to purchase. The data was collected from 372 Indian customers who have used MFDAs. The results are based on structural equation modelling and support the significance of perceived ease of use, propensity to trust, and online reviews in building consumers' trust in MFDAs. Additionally, consumers' trust was found to positively and significantly impact consumers' intention to make online purchases. This study will assist service providers and researchers working in areas related to mobile food delivery applications.
Theoretical Perspectives on the Participation of Women in Electoral and Governance Processes
Authors: Kurebwa Jeffrey
Published: February 2022

This study provides a theoretical perspective on the participation of women in electoral and governance processes. The first part of the article focuses on the various definitions of participation as given by different scholars. The second part focuses on the reasons for women's participation. There are a number of reasons that have been given to justify the inclusion of women in governance and electoral processes. These range from instrumentalist to intrinsic arguments. Women constitute more than 52% of the world's population, and therefore, their participation in electoral and governance processes should also reflect this percentage.
The Relationship Between Child Labour and Hyperactivity
Authors: Ahuja Daman , Kalpana B.
Published: February 2022

The physical aspects of child labour across the world have been explored to a vast context. Child labour's impact on health, education, economy, family were widely discussed, but the relationship between child labour and psychological health still remains an unexplored area. The present study explores the hyperactive aspect of child labour. Strength and difficulty questionnaire of Robert Goodman was used. The tool was applied to children in Delhi (n=1000) in the slums over a group of school going and child labour children between the ages of 7-14 years. The mean t-test value for child labour was 4.77 and that of school children of the same socioeconomic condition was 4.60. The results were almost the same probably because the same types of social problems exists for both the groups. Strong positive association between working children status and difficulty score was established (p<.001).
Decision Making in the Petroleum Industry in Africa
Authors: Carrera Mariano
Published: February 2022

Decision making is a multidimensional activity. Small and medium-sized petroleum exploration companies operating in Africa have their nuances. This exploratory case study looks at petroleum companies to determine how the decision-makers make decisions and the impact of these decisions. Using eight in-depth interviews, three themes emerged: 1) establishing criteria for selecting an area to explore is a vital part of decision making and stems from a clear corporate strategy, 2) timing of making decisions seems to be the most important criteria in making decisions for petroleum companies as it has the greatest impact on projects being pursued, 3) relationships the companies have, are required to have, or plan to have with other companies or governments threads all decision making. Having a mutually beneficial relationship with partners helps to make decision making easier. A company's continued existence and ability to pursue its corporate strategy is considered a successful decision. Traditional views of decisions on a project-by-project basis may not be appreciating the full picture.
SMEs as Social Actors and Agents in Developing Economies
Authors: Agwu Edwin
Published: February 2022

SMEs account for more than 74% of the firms outside the government and provide more than 3/4 of a country's employment ratio especially in developing economies. They also generate significant domestic and export earnings. Based on these, SMEs can be considered as key instruments in poverty alleviation and job creation. Unfortunately, globalization and trade liberations in different forms and shapes have ushered in new opportunities as well as challenges which have become cumbersome for most SMEs to overcome. This paper discusses the extent to which SMEs have become social agents and actors in shaping the economies of developing countries. Findings reveal that the inability of most SMEs to surmount the challenges posed by globalization serves as a stumbling block to the joblessness and social mischiefs in various developing economies.
Economia e politica come ideologia: Il problema del razionamento delle cure sanitarie
Authors: Puca Antonio
Published: February 2022

Lo studio prende in esame il problema dell'allocazione delle risorse in ambito sanitario valutandone le implicazioni etiche e sociali. Dopo un'analisi sociologica di modelli di organizzazione sanitaria, l'Autore fa una valutazione etica del problema, sottolineando come la razionalizzazione del sistema assistenziale e delle prestazioni venga prima del razionamento delle cure sanitarie. Ma qualora questo si renda necessario occorre far riferimento ad alcuni criteri: l'etica delle virtù; le procedure pubbliche; l'equa distribuzione, una buona pratica medica, il ruolo dei cristiani, tenendo presente che il medico non può essere il controllore delle risorse per via dei suoi obblighi morali nei confronti del paziente.
Alimentazione forzata per i pazienti con anoressia nervosa?
Authors: Di Pietro Maria Luisa , Conte Gianluigi , Lucattini Adelia , Spagnolo Antonio G.
Published: February 2022

Gli Autori prendono in esame il caso di M.A., una ragazza anoressica di 18 anni, che, ospedalizzata, rifiuta di sottoporsi alle terapie e di alimentarsi fin quando, durante un episodio di perdita di coscienza, i medici decidono di iniziare - oltre le cure del caso - anche l'alimentazione enterale con il sondino naso-gastrico. Gli interrogativi etici, deontologici e giuridici sollevati da questo caso sono molteplici e rilevanti nella prassi medica: a fronte di un rischio prevedibile per la propria vita, la paziente ha il diritto a non accettare le cure? Quale rispetto è dovuto alla volontà di una paziente affetta da questa malattia? I medici curanti possono lecitamente prendere la decisione di sottoporre la paziente ad alimentazione forzata pur in presenza di un esplicito rifiuto? Le risposte scaturiscono dalla valutazione etica e giuridica del conflitto tra diritto della paziente di decidere sulla propria vita/salute e diritto/dovere del medico di salvaguardare la vita fisica della paziente.
Promoting regional coherence and cohesion amidst multiple assistive technology initiatives in Africa
Authors: Visagie Surona J. , MacLachlan Malcolm , Scheffler Elsje , Seymour Nikola
Published: February 2022

Background: Appropriate provision of assistive technology services (ATS) and products are a global health issue and essential for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Sixth African Network for Evidence-to-Action on Disability (AfriNEAD) conference included a workshop on collaboration, cohesion and coherence in ATS delivery in Africa.Objective: This article aimed to summarise the workshop proceedings and to provide some recommendations on how coherence and cohesion can be facilitated in assistive technology services in Africa.Method: A round table and small group discussions on assistive technology were facilitated in the virtual space of the AfriNEAD conference. Organisations and role players in ATS and products in Africa participated as keynote speakers, round table members and in small group discussions.Results: There was consensus amongst participants that cohesive collaboration must be facilitated. They further agreed that users must be central to future action. There are local, national and regional initiatives, but none of these have grown into an African assistive technology platform. World Health Organization (WHO) Africa can bring partners together and facilitate creation, officialisation and operationalising of a continental assistive technology platform, through building on the existing initiatives. The AfriNEAD disability research country working groups can act as in-country coordinating bodies for ATS and afford a possibility of a structured approach to assistive technology research.Conclusion: It is time to break away from Western institutionalised biomedical ways of providing ATS in Africa. Africans must develop coherent, cohesive ATS driven by empowered users who build on Africa’s strengths and addresses the continents’ unique needs.
Human rights: The convergence of the second sila of Pancasila and Hans Kung’s global ethics in Indonesia
Authors: Boiliu Noh I. , Sihombing Aeron F. , Sampaleng Donna , Widjaja Fransiskus I. , Simanjuntak Fredy
Published: February 2022

The objective of this research is to find the meeting point between the second precept of Pancasila and the global ethics of Kung. The article also discusses the value of the second precept of Pancasila as found in the global ethics. This research is intended to recognise human rights as the convergence of the second sila (principle) of Pancasila, namely, ‘a just and civilised humanity’ with Hans Kung’s global ethics. The method used in this research is a literature study containing relevant theories. The second principle of Pancasila, Kemanusiaan yang Adil dan Beradab, is the basis for understanding the life of humanity, unity and justice in Indonesia and becomes the basis for humans to understand themselves and others.Contribution: This research offers significant insights into the value of human rights as a meeting point between the second sila of Pancasila and Hans Kung’s global ethics. The second sila of Pancasila and Hans Kung’s global ethics emphasise that everyone has rights. Human rights do not contradict with the typical Indonesian culture of deliberation and mutual cooperation, because the second principle of Pancasila, namely, a just and civilised humanity, is the basis for ensuring human rights. The Constitution of Indonesia of 1945, article 27 paragraph 1 also guarantees human rights. Human rights do not encourage individualism; instead, they protect individuals and groups. Human rights are not meant to promote egoism, but they help to maintain solidarity among people and ensure the well-being of society. They are a means to respect human dignity and protect the weak.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of men in a South African rural community in relation to exclusive breastfeeding
Authors: Mabele Oscar M. , Benedict Matthew O.A. , Steinberg Wilhelm J. , Reji Elizabeth , Van Rooyen Cornel , Adefuye Anthonio O.
Published: February 2022

Background: Several lifelong maternal, child and societal health benefits have been associated with exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). However, despite all the potential advantages, EBF rates have been consistently low in developing countries, including South Africa. It has been suggested that the knowledge, attitudes and practices of male partners in relation to EBF are amongst the important factors that contribute to the success of EBF practices. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of men in Botshabelo, Free State province, South Africa, regarding EBF.Methods: This study was designed as a cross-sectional analytical study that utilised a structured questionnaire administered to 200 adult men attending the outpatient department of a district hospital, in the Free State province, South Africa.Results: The majority (n = 83; 41.5%) of participants had poor knowledge of EBF but reported positive attitudes (n = 153, 76.5%) and good practices (n = 151, 75.5%) towards EBF, respectively. Age, levels of education, employment status, marital status and whether the participant accompanied his partner to the antenatal clinic were associated with adequate knowledge, positive attitudes and good practices in relation to EBF (p  0.05).Conclusion: The study revealed a suboptimal level of knowledge on EBF in men in Botshabelo. Most men had positive attitudes and reported good practices in relation to EBF. Our findings highlight the need for targeted community-based intervention programmes directed to educating and promoting positive social and cultural change in relation to EBF amongst men in Botshabelo.
Do student teachers see what learners see? – Avoiding instructional dissonance when designing worksheets
Authors: Evans Rinelle , Cleghorn Ailie
Published: February 2022

Background: The judicious use of worksheets ought to contribute to the establishment of literacy, with a special significance for multilingual classrooms where neither teachers nor learners are mother tongue speakers of the instructional language. Disparity between the pedagogical intention of the worksheet and learners’ interpretation of the message often creates instructional dissonance.Aim and setting: The aim of this nested study was to establish the quality, and (mis)use of worksheets as implemented by student teachers during their work-integrated learning stint in selected urban South African primary schools.Design and methodology: Using a self-designed grid, a qualitative document analysis underpinned by visual ethnography was conducted on 45 worksheets. These texts were prepared by the student teachers for literacy, numeracy and life skills lessons offered to 6- to 9-year-olds. Criteria used for the simple analysis included appropriateness for the age group, visual complexity, accuracy of language use, cultural compatibility, layout, clarity of instructions and alignment with expected learning outcomes.Findings: Findings suggested the hasty conceptualisation and creation, or inappropriate choice of worksheets used as learning support material. Apart from linguistic barriers because of poorly formulated tasks, the worksheets were generally culturally insensitive, and contained grammatical inaccuracies compounded by technical and design shortcomings. These lacunae defeated the pedagogical purpose of most worksheets and generated instructional dissonance.Conclusion and implications for teacher education: The careful crafting and implementation of worksheets coupled with sound content knowledge of language and literacy principles would alleviate learner bafflement and enhance the learning opportunity. We take the position that well-designed worksheets should serve a focused purpose and link directly to literacy and learning of the instructional language.
Serendipity, opportunity and impact
Authors: Mendelson Marc
Published: February 2022

No abstract available.
Correlates and cascade of HIV care in patients with psychiatric disorders in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa
Authors: Aboobaker Adila , Zingela Zukiswa , Adeniyi Oladele V.
Published: February 2022

Background: The cascade of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care in patients with psychiatric disorders is poorly understood.Aim: This study determined the prevalence of HIV and described its cascade of care among patients with psychiatric disorders in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa. The study also examined the correlates of HIV comorbidity with psychiatric disorders in the cohort.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 368 individuals attending the Psychiatric Outpatients’ Department of Cecilia Makiwane Hospital in Eastern Cape were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Relevant items on demographics and clinical information were extracted from the medical records. Virologic suppression was defined as viral load 1000 RNA copies/mL.Results: The HIV prevalence after the intervention was 18.8% and a significant proportion of participants already knew their status (n = 320; 87.0%). Linkage to care and antiretroviral therapy initiation occurred in 61 participants, of those diagnosed with HIV (88.4%), with 84.1% being eligible for viral load monitoring (n = 58) and 53.4% having achieved virologic suppression. Being female (AOR = 5.48; 95% CI 2.61–11.51) and black (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–14.03) were independent predictors of HIV comorbidity in individuals living with psychiatric disorders.Conclusion: This study found a moderately high prevalence (close to 19%) of HIV in individuals with psychiatric disorders, with a significant correlation with being female and being black people. This study also found a significant gap in the linkage to antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and a low rate of virologic suppression of 53.4%. Clinicians, therefore, should monitor and provide interventions for patients with concomitant HIV infection along this cascade of care.
A Comparison between the Effects of Propofol and Sevoflurane in Pediatric Strabismus Surgery on the Quality and Depth of Anesthesia
Authors: Abdeldayem Ola T. , Elsherbiny Sameh M.
Published: February 2022

Background:

Strabismus surgery may be associated with several undesirable complications as increased incidence of the oculocardiac reflex (OCR), hemodynamic changes, emergency agitation (EA), postoperative pain, nausea, and vomiting. Previous studies suggested that deeper anesthesia monitored by bispectral index (BIS) protects against OCR. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the type of anesthesia on the quality of anesthesia in pediatric patients.

Patients and Methods:

One hundred American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classes I and II pediatric patients, aged between 3 and 6 years old of both genders, who were subjected to strabismus surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomized into two equal groups (each = 50); in the first group, anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane (Group S), and in the second group, anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol (Group P). Hemodynamics and BIS were monitored, and OCR and the need for atropine were recorded. Furthermore, EA using the Cravero scale was recorded.

Results:

The propofol group showed a higher incidence of OCR while the sevoflurane group had a higher incidence of postoperative agitation, pain, nausea, and vomiting, without statistically significant differences regarding hemodynamics.

Conclusion:

Although sevoflurane anesthesia may be superior to propofol in ameliorating OCR, it has been associated with an increased incidence of postoperative complications.
Effect of Relaxation Therapy on Pre-Induction Blood Pressure and Anxiety in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Tanna Dhara B. , Bose Neeta , Patel Tejas K.
Published: February 2022

Background:

Anxiety associated with surgical stress can lead to high blood pressure (BP), which may end up with undue last minute cancellation of surgery. Relaxation therapy is now being widely used as a complementary therapy for stress and high BP. We conducted a randomized controlled study to compare the effect of relaxation therapy on pre-induction anxiety and BP in hypertensive patients.

Materials and Methods:

A randomized controlled study was conducted on hypertensive patients undergoing elective surgery. They were allocated into two groups (relaxation therapy and control) using simple randomization with allocation concealment. The relaxation therapy group received intervention by an audio clip an evening prior and 30 min before the scheduled surgery. Their anxiety score on numerical rating scale (0–10) and BP was recorded before and after each intervention. The control group received standard care only. Pre-induction BP and anxiety score were recorded in both groups. The outcome measures were difference in pre-induction anxiety and BP between relaxation and control groups and difference in pre- and post-relaxation anxiety and BP.

Results:

Out of 70 patients, 30 received relaxation therapy and 34 received standard pre-operative care. There was a significant reduction in BP and anxiety after relaxation therapy in the intervention group (P < 0.0001). The relaxation therapy group showed significantly lower pre-induction systolic BP (138.93 vs. 156.59, P < 0.0001) and anxiety score (2.5 vs. 5.5, P < 0.0001) than the control group. Requirement of anxiolytic drug was less in the relaxation therapy group.

Conclusion:

Relaxation therapy significantly reduces pre-induction BP and anxiety.
A Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Oral Midazolam and Oral Triclofos Sodium for Conscious Sedation in Pediatric Group of Patients
Authors: Ghosh Partha Sarathi , Tudu Lal Chand , Shrivastava Priyanka , Prakash Jay , Prasad Anupa , Priye Shio
Published: February 2022

Background:

Behavioral management and carrying out surgical procedures for very young, uncooperative, anxious children can be challenging. It is usually encountered in children below the age of 6 years due to the following contributing factors such as immature reasoning, anxiety, fear, and inadequate coping skills. The goal of the study was to compare the efficacy of oral midazolam and oral triclofos sodium for conscious sedation in pediatric group of patients before elective surgeries.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective, single- blinded, randomized controlled, comparative study was conducted in 60 patients aged 2–8 years who were scheduled for elective surgery. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: M and T of 30 children each, where group M received 0.5 mg//kg midazolam and group T received 75 mg/kg triclofos sodium, orally, 60 min prior to anesthetic induction. The hemodynamics, acceptability of drugs, depth of sedation, and anxiety during separation from parents were assessed. Fisher's exact test, chi-square test, and Student's t test were applied to find significance.

Results:

The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, and oxygen saturation at baseline to 60 min in groups M and T showed no significant difference between groups. Triclofos sodium has better acceptability over oral midazolam, whereas oral midazolam has better sedative properties over oral triclofos sodium.

Conclusion:

Oral midazolam was found to be more effective premedication and may be preferred over triclofos sodium due to the rapid and better sedative effect as well as good anxiolysis properties.
Stability threshold of two-dimensional Couette flow in Sobolev spaces
Authors: Masmoudi Nader , Zhao Weiren
Published: February 2022

We study the stability threshold of the two-dimensional Couette flow in Sobolev spaces at high Reynolds number

\operatorname{Re}

. We prove that if the initial vorticity

\Omega_{\operatorname{in}}

satisfies

\|\Omega_{\operatorname{in}}-(-1)\|_{H^{\sigma}}\leq

\varepsilon \operatorname{Re}^{-1/3}

, then the solution of the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equation approaches some shear flow which is also close to Couette flow for time

t\gg \operatorname{Re}^{1/3}

by a mixing-enhanced dissipation effect, and then converges back to Couette flow when

t\to +\infty

.
Incidence and risk factors associated with early death in patients with emergency department septic shock
Authors: Reaven Matthew S. , Rozario Nigel L. , McCarter Maggie S. J. , Heffner Alan C.
Published: February 2022

Background: Limited research has explored early mortality among patients presenting with septic shock. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and factors associated with early death following emergency department (ED) presentation of septic shock.Methods: A prospective registry of patients enrolled in an ED septic shock clinical pathway was used to identify patients. Patients were compared across demographic, comorbid, clinical, and treatment variables by death within 72 hours of ED presentation.Results: Among the sample of 2,414 patients, overall hospital mortality was 20.6%. Among patients who died in the hospital, mean and median time from ED presentation to death were 4.96 days and 2.28 days, respectively. Death at 24, 48, and 72 hours occurred in 5.5%, 9.5%, and 11.5% of patients, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that the following factors were independently associated with early mortality: age (odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.05), malignancy (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.11–2.11), pneumonia (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.02–1.88), urinary tract infection (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.44–0.89), first shock index (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.27–2.70), early vasopressor use (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.60–2.92), initial international normalized ratio (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.07–1.27), initial albumin (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.44–0.69), and first serum lactate (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.16–1.26).Conclusions: Adult septic shock patients experience a high rate of early mortality within 72 hours of ED arrival. Recognizable clinical factors may aid the identification of patients at risk of early death.