bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Eğitsel İnternet Kullanım Öz-Yeterlikleri ve Öğretmenlik Öz-Yeterliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KESKİN Tuba , AKTAY Sayım
Published: October 2021

ÖzetBu çalışma sınıf öğretmenlerinin eğitsel internet kullanım öz-yeterlikleri ve öğretmenlik öz-yeterliklerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Tarama modeli kullanılarak yapılan çalışmanın örneklemini 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılı bahar döneminde Ağrı ili Patnos ilçesinde çalışan 219 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma verilerinin toplanmasında A. Akır, Kaya, Ü. Akın, Sahranç ve Uğur 2014 tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan İnternet Öz-Yeterliği Ölçeği ile Taşkın Şahin ve Hacıömeroğlu’nun Türk kültürüne uyarlanmış olan Öğretmen Özyeterlik İnanç Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin analizi sonucunda sınıf öğretmenlerinin internet öz-yeterlik algıları araştırma alt boyutunda en yüksek ortalamaya, yaratıcılık boyutunda en düşük ortalamaya sahiptir. Sınıf öğretmenlerinin internet öz-yeterlik algıları cinsiyet, mesleki deneyim ve günlük internet kullanım sürelerine göre anlamlı farklılık göstermemektedir. Ancak ölçek genelinde 2 saat ve altı internet kullanan öğretmenler ile 2 saatten fazla 4 saatten az internet kullananlar arasında anlamlı bir farklılık görülmüştür. Sınıf öğretmenlerinin öğretmenlik öz-yeterlikleri olumlu sınıf ortamı oluşturma alt boyutunda en yüksek, akademik gelişim alt boyutunda en düşük ortalamaya sahiptir. Sınıf öğretmenlerinin öğretmenlik öz-yeterlikleri cinsiyet, mesleki deneyim ve günlük internet kullanım saati değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılık göstermemektedir. Sınıf öğretmenlerinin internet kullanım öz-yeterlikleri ile öğretmen öz-yeterlikleri arasında, pozitif yönde, anlamlı ve orta düzeye yakın bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sınıf öğretmenlerinin internet kullanım öz-yeterliği arttıkça öğretmen öz-yeterliği de artmaktadır.
Zekâ Oyunları Dersinin Öğrencilerin Matematik Problemi Çözme Tutumlarına ve Matematik Problemi Çözmeye Yönelik Yansıtıcı Düşünme Becerilerine Etkisi
Authors: ŞANLIDAĞ Mucize , AYKAÇ Necdet
Published: October 2021

Bu araştırma, seçmeli zekâ oyunları dersinin ortaokul 6. ve 7.sınıf öğrencilerinin matematik problemi çözme tutumlarına ve matematik problemi çözmeye yönelik yansıtıcı düşünme becerilerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Ön test-son test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desenle gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, bir devlet okulunda öğrenim gören 34’ü deney grubunda, 34’ü ise kontrol grubunda yer alan toplam 68 ortaokul öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada deney ve kontrol grubu öğrencilerine araştırmacı tarafından 29 hafta boyunca haftada beş ders saati Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı eğitim programlarına uygun olarak matematik dersi okutulurken, deney grubu öğrencilerine matematik dersine ek olarak haftada iki ders saati boyunca seçmeli zekâ oyunları dersi okutulmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri “Matematik Problemi Çözme Tutum Ölçeği” ve “Problem Çözmeye Yönelik Yansıtıcı Düşünme Becerisi Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Ölçekler, deney ve kontrol grubundaki öğrencilere, ön test ve son test şeklinde uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada ön test ve son test puan ortalamaları arasındaki farkı belirlemek için t testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada; deney ve kontrol grubu öğrencilerinin matematik problemi çözme tutumu ve matematik problemi çözmeye yönelik yansıtıcı düşünme becerilerinde anlamlı bir artış olduğu ve zekâ oyunları dersi okutulan deney grubu öğrencilerinde artışın daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sonuçlar ışığında seçmeli zekâ oyunları dersinin ortaokul öğrencilerinin matematik problemi çözme tutumlarını ve matematik problemi çözmeye yönelik yansıtıcı düşünme becerini geliştirdiği söylenebilir.
Öğretim Görevlilerinin Öğrenci Etik Değerlerini Uygulamalarında Birbirleri Arasındaki Farklılıklar
Authors: KELEŞ Yener
Published: October 2021

Yüksek öğrenimde profesyonelliğin etik boyutlarına dair tartışma, sıkıntı yaratan durumlarda sosyal bilimciler ve eğitim politikalarını oluşturanlar tarafından sürekli olarak yenilenmektedir. Eğitim dışındaki disiplinlerde etik sorunlarla ilgili çok sayıda araştırma yapılmaktadır. Bu eğilimin sonucu olarak, son yıllarda etik kurallar alanı eğitim bilimlerinde ilgi odağı haline gelmiştir. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Yabancı Diller Yüksekokulundaki öğretim görevlileri ile yapılan bu araştırmada öğretim görevlilerinin ‘Öğrencilere Karşı Etik Kuralları’ uygulamalarında önemli farklılıklar olup olmadığını belirlemek suretiyle, yüksek öğrenimde profesyonel etik kurallara dair yapılan araştırmalara katkıda bulunulması hedeflenmektedir. Öğretim görevlilerine uygulanan ön test ve son test arasında anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Ön test ve son test arasındaki anlamlı farklılıklar, çalışmada kullanılan ‘Öğrencilere Karşı Etik Kurallar’ ölçeğinin iki maddesi için geçerlidir: ‘Farklı öğrencilerin çeşitli öğrenme ihtiyaçlarını karşılama’, ‘disiplin dahilindeki sorunları, okul politikaları ve kanunlara göre çözme.’ Bu anlamlı farklılıklar, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Yabancı Diller Yüksekokulundaki öğretim görevlilerinin farklı öğrencilerin çeşitli öğrenme ihtiyaçlarını karşılayıp karşılamadıklarından ve disiplin dahilindeki sorunları okul politikaları ve kanunlara göre çözüp çözmediklerinden emin olmadıklarını göstermektedir.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Benimsedikleri Eğitim Felsefesi İle Karar Verme Stilleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: DUMAN Doç. Dr. Bilal , GÖRAL Güldehan Neşe , YAKAR Ali
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışma, üniversite öğrencilerinin benimsedikleri eğitim felsefesi ile karar verme stilleri arasındaki ilişkinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada ilişkisel tarama modelleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma grubunu, 2015-2016 eğitim-öğretim yılı güz döneminde Turizm (n=197), Eğitim (n=274) ve Spor Bilimleri (n=222) Fakültelerinde öğrenim gören toplam 693 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Verilerin analizinde, t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve Pearson korelâsyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara göre, üniversite öğrencilerinin cinsiyetlerine göre felsefi görüş değerlendirme alt boyutları olan daimicilik ve varoluşçuluk puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak herhangi bir anlamlı farklılık belirlenmezken, kadın öğrencilerin idealizm, realizm ve deneyselcilik puanlarının erkek öğrencilerin puanlarına göre istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada, üniversite öğrencilerinin karar vermede öz saygı, dikkatli ve kaçıngan karar verme stili puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak herhangi bir anlamlı farklılık belirlenmezken, erkek öğrencilerin erteleyici karar verme stili puanlarının kadın öğrencilerden yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Erkek öğrencilerin panik karar verme stili puanları da kadın öğrencilere göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bulgulardan hareketle, sonuç olarak felsefi anlamda kadın üniversite öğrencilerinin erkek öğrencilere göre daha idealist, realist, deneyselci davrandığına işaret ederken, erkek üniversite öğrencilerinin kadın üniversite öğrencilerine göre daha erteleyici ve panik kararlar aldıklarını yansıtmaktadır.
Almanca Konuşma Kaygısı Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: ŞAHİN TOPTAŞ Aygül , KOÇAK Muhammet
Published: October 2021

Yabancı dil konuşmak birçok insan için olduğu gibi bu alanda öğrenim gören kişiler için de problem oluşturmaktadır. Buna sebep olan en büyük problemlerden birinin de kaygı olduğu düşünülmektedir. Çalışmada Türkiye’de Alman dili ile ilgili bölümlerde aktif bir şekilde öğrenim görmekte olan öğrencilerin Almanca konuşma kaygılarını ölçmeye yönelik üç boyutlu (fiziksel, duyuşsal, davranışsal tepkiler) 26 maddelik Almanca Konuşma Kaygısı Ölçeği geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya Türkiye’de çeşitli üniversitelerde Almanca Öğretmenliği ve Alman Dili ve Edebiyatı programlarında aktif bir şekilde öğrenim gören toplam 792 öğrenci katılmıştır. İlk örneklem grubundan toplanan verilerle Açıklayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) yapılmış, buradan elde edilen verilerin doğruluğunu test etmek amacıyla ikinci örneklem grubunda Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda ölçeğin 26 maddelik 3 faktörlü yapısı doğrulanmıştır. Geçerliği ortaya konan ölçeğin güvenirlik analizi için Cronbach Alpha (α) iç tutarlık katsayısı ve Mcdonald’s Omega (ω) katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Ölçeğin Cronbach Alpha iç tutarlık katsayısının 0.97; her bir alt faktöre ait Cronbach Alpha ve Mcdonalds’s Omega güvenirlik katsayılarının ise 0.80’in üzerinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda ölçeğin güvenirliğinin oldukça yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuçlardan yola çıkarak geçerli ve güvenilir bir Almanca Konuşma Kaygısı Ölçeği elde edilmiştir. Ölçeğin Almancanın yanı sıra diğer dillere de uyarlanabileceği ve yabancı dil konuşma kaygısı ölçeği olarak da kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Başarılı Kaynaştırma Uygulamalarına Yönelik Farklı Eğitim Kademelerindeki Öğretmenlerin Görüşlerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: BURAK Yakup , TÜRKÖZ Halime Kübra , TAŞDERE Fatma Kübra , SERT Cihan
Published: October 2021

Bu araştırmada başarılı kaynaştırma uygulamalarına yönelik farklı eğitim kademelerinde çalışan öğretmenlerin görüşlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılı Ağrı ilinde araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılmayı kabul eden 12 okul öncesi, 73 ilkokul, 94 ortaokul ve 22 lise kademesinde görev yapan toplam 201 öğretmen ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüş formu ve kaynaştırma uygulamalarının başarısını etkileyen etmenler ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada karma metot kullanılmıştır. Nitel verilerin analizi için farklı eğitim kademelerindeki öğretmenlerin yarı yapılandırılmış görüş formuna vermiş oldukları yanıtların çözümlenmesi için içerik analiz tekniği, nicel verilerin analizi için SPSS-25 istatistik programı kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda öğretmenlerin başarılı kaynaştırmayı tanımlama konusunda oldukça yeterli bilgiye sahip oldukları ancak başarılı kaynaştırmayı etkileyen etmenlere yönelik görüşlerinin oldukça farklı olduğu, birbirinde farklı görüşler belirttikleri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca farklı kademelerdeki öğretmenlerin en az kısıtlayıcı ortamda, normal gelişim gösteren öğrencilerle birlikte eğitim alan özel gereksinimli öğrencinin gelişimini destekleyerek, toplumda bir yer edinmesinin sağlanmasını daha fazla önemsedikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Connective Tissue Disease, Interstitial Lung Disease, and Pulmonary Hypertension (CTD PH-ILD): A Distinct Entity and Potential Opportunity
Authors: Sese Denise Gabrielle A. , Highland Kristin B.
Published: October 2021

Connective tissue diseases are a multisystem disorder that can cause impairments in quality of life, shorten life expectancy, and increase the risk of mortality at a younger age. These patients have an increased risk for the development of pulmonary hypertension through several mechanisms including pulmonary arterial hypertension and pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease. This review aims to discuss the various presentations of connective tissue disease associated with pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease, demographics, and survival. It gives an overview of accepted mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, discusses advances in diagnostics, and treatment options. Despite a deeper understanding of disease pathogenesis, treatment for this remains limited to prevention of disease progression. The identification of the primary disease driver requires careful evaluation of the disease phenotype and is a potential target for treatment and prevention of death.
Management of PH-ILD: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Harder Eileen M. , Waxman Aaron B.
Published: October 2021

Pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease signifies worse outcomes. Given previous negative clinical trials, the use of pulmonary vasodilators in pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease has traditionally been on a case-by-case basis; however, the recent INCREASE study has led to the first and milestone approval of inhaled treprostinil for this population. This review discusses the management of pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease from the pulmonary vascular perspective, with an emphasis on clinical trials in this population.
PH Professional Network: 360-degree Care for the Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Infant with Pulmonary Hypertension: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Villafranco Natalie , Whalen Elise , Varghese Nidhy
Published: October 2021

Premature infants are at risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia and associated pulmonary hypertension. These infants make up a complex group of patients with unique considerations regarding development of lung and vascular disease, comorbidities, and care plans. They are high risk for many complications and poor outcomes due to the severity and complexity of disease. Because of this, a comprehensive approach to care with consideration for multiple organ systems and with an interdisciplinary team of experts is the preferred approach. Here we describe in detail the major considerations in care for these infants.
Effect of Artemisia vulgaris Extract on Granzyme Expression and Tumor Mass Diameter (Study of Adriamycin Cyclophosphamide Chemotherapy in Adenocarcinoma Mammae C3H Mice Model)
Authors: Hardanto Gery Rifano , Budijitno Selamat , Hardian Hardian
Published: October 2021

Breast cancer incident continues to increase globally. The surgical management can be combined with other therapeutic modalities, including chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy, such as Artemisia vulgaris (AV). This study aimed to determine the effect of AV extract on Granzyme expression and tumor mass diameter growth of C3H mice with adenocarcinoma mammae. Twenty-four female C3H mice were randomly divided into groups of K (control), P1 (AC chemotherapy), P2 (AV extract), and P3 (combination). Adenocarcinoma mammae were inoculated from donor mice. Two cycles of chemotherapy by Adriamycin 0.18 mg and Cyclophosphamide 1.8 mg were given intravenously, while Artemisia vulgaris 13 mg (0.2 ml) was given orally once per day. Granzyme expression was assessed using immunohistochemical staining, while tumor mass diameter growth was measured using tumor calipers. There was a significant negative correlation between and tumor mass diameter growth (p=0,001 and r=-0,911). Artemisia vulgaris increases the apoptotic effects of Adriamycin-Cyclophosphamide chemotherapy by increasing Granzyme expression and decreasing tumor mass diameter growth in adenocarcinoma mammae C3H mice.
Profile of HIV/AIDS Patients Coinfected with Tuberculosis in Bumi Wonorejo Health Centre and Santo Rafael Clinic Nabire, Papua
Authors: Kridaningsih Tri Nury , Widiyanti Mirna , Adiningsih Setyo , Hutapea Hotma Martogi Lorensi , Fitriana Eva , Natalia Evi Iriani
Published: October 2021

HIV-TB co-infection still becomes a health problem in Indonesia, including in Nabire district, Papua province, which has the highest number of cases. HIV and TB infections are closely related and affect the epidemiology of one another. This study aims to determine the profile description of HIV-TB co-infected patients in Nabire. This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design on 90 people with HIV/AIDS selected consecutively. Data were analyzed univariately and presented in the form of a frequency distribution table. The results showed that of 55 HIV/AIDS co-infected TB patients, almost all (90.9%) were Papuan ethnic, 70.9% were female and aged 30 to 49 years (50.9%) with a mean of 31.309.36 years. The majority of HIV-TB co-infected patients were married (63.6%), holding secondary education (58.2%), working (67.3%), engaging in sexual activity after 17 years of age, only having one sexual partner, and did not use drugs or obtain blood transfusions. The clinical profile of HIV-TB patients showed that 67.3% of the patients were with baseline CD4 count â‰¤350 cells/mm3, 64.8% had CD4 count at the time of study >350 cells/mm3, and viral load values fewer than 5000 copies/ml (87.3%). The therapy most widely received for patients with HIV-TB coinfection was the combination of ARV 3TC+EFV+TDF (76.4%). The most common clinical symptoms of HIV/AIDS patients were weight loss (56.4%), cough (40%), recurrent oral thrush (36.4%), chickenpox (32.7%), and tuberculosis lymph nodes (18.2%).
Effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing on Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lestari Siska Puji , Wihastuti Titin Andri , Sartika Lestari Ismail Dina Dewi
Published: October 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a health problem that will affect the health status of patients. Motivational interviewing a counseling technique focusing on clients and it is designed for helping individuals explore and accomplish ambivalence in behavior. This systematic review aimed at describing effectiveness motivationaI interviewing on self-management of diabetes mellitus type 2 patients. There are 1359 articles of 526 ScienceDirect articles, 422 ProQuest, 290 PubMed, and 121 Ebsco articles. The systematic review method began by identifying 20 articles from four electronic databases for previous studies that were published during 2011-2021. The results of the systematic review obtained that motivational interviewing can provide improved self-management and control blood glucose DM type 2 patients. The conclusion motivational interviewing can affect the patient's self-management especially on blood glucose profile, dietary compliance, quality of life, self-efficacy, HbA1c levels of DM type 2 patients.
Anal Extrusion of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Bal'afif Farhad , Wardhana Donny Wisnu , Nazwar Tommy Alfandy , Nastiti Novia Ayuning
Published: October 2021

Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) Shunt is a commonly performed surgical procedure and offers a good result in the treatment of hydrocephalus. In general, 25% of the complication rate of this surgical procedure is abdominal complications. Anal extrusion of a peritoneal catheter is a rare complication ranging from 0.1 to 0.7% of all shunt surgeries. This study presents a rare case of anal extrusion of ventriculoperitoneal shunt in a 1-year-old female child who was asymptomatic. The physical examination revealed swelling and redness along the shunt tract on the retro auricular region, soft abdomen, and no catheter was observed in the anal. This study found several contributing factors affecting the complications in the anal extrusion of a peritoneal catheter, that are thin bowel wall in children and sharp tip and stiff end of VP shunt. The shunt should be disconnected from the abdominal wall, and the lower end should be removed through the rectum by colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy/proctoscopy or by applying gentle traction on the protruding tube. This study concludes that due to potentially life-threatening consequences and case rarity, thorough anamnesis, physical examination, and objective investigation are needed to determine the appropriate management for anal extrusion of ventriculoperitoneal shunt.Â
Clinical Response of Convalescent Plasma Therapy in COVID-19 Patients in Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital
Authors: Burhan Niniek Budiarti , Brahmantyo Herwindo Pudjo , Hermanto Djoko Heri , Arsana Putu Moda
Published: October 2021

The use of convalescent plasma has been beneficial for more than a century to treat various infections.Â  The lack of effective treatment currently available for COVID-19 has reemerged the use of convalescent plasma as a potential therapeutic option. This is an observational descriptive study in 13 COVID-19 patient who got convalescent Plasma. Consist of 11 (84%) male patient, 2 (16%) female patient. Divided into two groups based on severity, and outcome. 38% patient included in severe disesase and 62% patient in critically Ill condition. 30% patient who got convalescent plasma deceased, and 70% had a resolve condition.
Relationship between Assertive Communication and Cyber-â€‹â€‹bullying in Adolescents
Authors: Kusumawaty Ira , Yunike Yunike , Ni Ketut Sujati
Published: October 2021

The mandatory use of online facilities during the Covid-19 period has a great opportunity to increase the problem of cyber bullying at all levels of education. The concept of assertiveness cannot be separated from cyber bullying and it is known that communicating assertively can prevent cyber bullying even though it is difficult to implement. The complexity of the psychological problems of victims of cyber bullying requires comprehensive management. This analytical descriptive study with a cross sectional approach aims to analyze the relationship between assertive communication and cyber bullying by involving 151 student participants and high school students in Palembang. The data was collected using an assertive scale and a cyber-bullying scale, which was distributed online using a Google form.Â  From Kendall's tau-b statistical test, it is known that there is a relationship between assertive communication and cyber bullying (p=0.026). It is recommended that the education sector implement self-awareness, empathy, assertive communication and conflict resolution training to prevent the increasing number of cyber bullying's victim. The academic and managerial sectors are expected to facilitate promotion through educational media about using online facilities intelligently by respecting human dignity.
Cardiovascular Outcomes in High-Risk Patients Undergoing OPCAB Surgery Compared to Traditional CABG
Authors: Suwatri Widya Trianita , Hanafy Dudy Arman , Sugisman Sugisman
Published: October 2021

The benefit of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) for coronary artery disease (CAD) with Ejection Fraction (EF) 30% and ischemic burden (IB) 10% is still debatable. The objective of this study is to analyze mortality and morbidity in patients with EF 30% and ischemic burden 10% undergoing OPCAB compared to traditional CABG (TCABG).Â  The retrospective analytic cohort study was performed using data from January 2015â€“November 2018 at National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita Jakarta, Indonesia. 109 patients were included. 35 patients undergoing OPCAB and 74 patients undergoing TCABG. The primary outcomes were mortality rate, morbidity rate, and length of stay. Arrhythmia is statistically lower in OPCAB compared to TCABG (8.6% vs 39.2%; p=0.001). Kidney injury is statistically lower in OPCAB (8.6% vs 27.0 %; p=0.027). Stroke is statistically lower in OPCAB (1.0 % vs 17.6%; p=0,032). There is no significant difference between OPCAB and TCABG in mortality, 5.7% vs 16.2%, (RR=3.20; CI 95%=0.67â€“15.12; p= 0.126). There was a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of postoperative morbidity in CAD patients with EF <30% and IB<10% who underwent OPCAB surgery compared with patients who underwent TCABG. Mortality that occurred after OPCAB procedure was lower in CAD patients with EF < 30% and IB<10% compared to TCABG although the statistical difference was not significant. Therefore, patients with this condition are more advisable to undergo OPCAB.
Legitimate and historical rooting of the civil state in Islamic political jurisprudence
Authors: Abdullah Soran Faraj , Abdula Ibrahim Salih
Published: October 2021

There is no doubt gathering humanity in groups is a natural thing and the inner side of humanity needs that.
It is real that gathering and grouping needs a power and authority to organize that.
By passing time, that authority changes and improves to state. After that the philosophers and scientists improves them until becomes a civil state.
Islam as a great program for our life includes the all sides of our life and our activities. Fortunately Islam specified all things for Muslims and other religions in it's state.
The best evidence for that speech and opinion is the text of Quran, Hadith, compromise of Madinah, peach of scientists and Righteous Caliphs.
Health Professionals’ Perspectives on Electronic Medical Record Infusion and Individual Performance: Model Development and Questionnaire Survey Study
Authors: Chen Rai-Fu , Hsiao Ju-Ling
Published: October 2021

Background

Electronic medical records (EMRs) are integrated information sources generated by health care professionals (HCPs) from various health care information systems. EMRs play crucial roles in improving the quality of care and medical decision-making and in facilitating cross-hospital health information exchange. Although many hospitals have invested considerable resources and efforts to develop EMRs for several years, the factors affecting the long-term success of EMRs, particularly in the EMR infusion stage, remain unclear.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of technology, user, and task characteristics on EMR infusion to determine the factors that largely affect EMR infusion. In addition, we examined the effect of EMR infusion on individual HCP performance.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from HCPs with >6 months experience in using EMRs in a Taiwanese teaching hospital. A total of 316 questionnaires were distributed and 211 complete copies were returned, yielding a valid response rate of 66.8%. The collected data were further analyzed using WarpPLS 5.0.

Results

EMR infusion (R2=0.771) was mainly affected by user habits (β=.411), portability (β=.217), personal innovativeness (β=.198), technostress (β=.169), and time criticality (β=.168), and individual performance (R2=0.541) was affected by EMR infusion (β=.735). This finding indicated that user (habit, personal innovativeness, and technostress), technology (portability), and task (mobility and time criticality) characteristics have major effects on EMR infusion. Furthermore, the results indicated that EMR infusion positively affects individual performance.

Conclusions

The factors identified in this study can extend information systems infusion theory and provide useful insights for the further improvement of EMR development in hospitals and by the government, specifically in its infusion stage. In addition, the developed instrument can be used as an assessment tool to identify the key factors for EMR infusion, and to evaluate the extent of EMR infusion and the individual performance of hospitals that have implemented EMR systems. Moreover, the results can help governments to understand the urgent needs of hospitals in implementing EMR systems, provide sufficient resources and support to improve the incentives of EMR development, and develop adequate EMR policies for the meaningful use of electronic health records among hospitals and clinics.
Predicting New Daily COVID-19 Cases and Deaths Using Search Engine Query Data in South Korea From 2020 to 2021: Infodemiology Study (Preprint)
Authors: Husnayain Atina , Shim Eunha , Fuad Anis , Su Emily Chia-Yu
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Given the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic situation, accurate predictions could greatly help in the health resource management for future waves. However, as a new entity, COVID-19’s disease dynamics seemed difficult to predict. External factors, such as internet search data, need to be included in the models to increase their accuracy. However, it remains unclear whether incorporating online search volumes into models leads to better predictive performances for long-term prediction.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to analyze whether search engine query data are important variables that should be included in the models predicting new daily COVID-19 cases and deaths in short- and long-term periods.

METHODS

We used country-level case-related data, NAVER search volumes, and mobility data obtained from Google and Apple for the period of January 20, 2020, to July 31, 2021, in South Korea. Data were aggregated into four subsets: 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after the first case was reported. The first 80% of the data in all subsets were used as the training set, and the remaining data served as the test set. Generalized linear models (GLMs) with normal, Poisson, and negative binomial distribution were developed, along with linear regression (LR) models with lasso, adaptive lasso, and elastic net regularization. Root mean square error values were defined as a loss function and were used to assess the performance of the models. All analyses and visualizations were conducted in SAS Studio, which is part of the SAS OnDemand for Academics.

RESULTS

GLMs with different types of distribution functions may have been beneficial in predicting new daily COVID-19 cases and deaths in the early stages of the outbreak. Over longer periods, as the distribution of cases and deaths became more normally distributed, LR models with regularization may have outperformed the GLMs. This study also found that models performed better when predicting new daily deaths compared to new daily cases. In addition, an evaluation of feature effects in the models showed that NAVER search volumes were useful variables in predicting new daily COVID-19 cases, particularly in the first 6 months of the outbreak. Searches related to logistical needs, particularly for “thermometer” and “mask strap,” showed higher feature effects in that period. For longer prediction periods, NAVER search volumes were still found to constitute an important variable, although with a lower feature effect. This finding suggests that search term use should be considered to maintain the predictive performance of models.

CONCLUSIONS

NAVER search volumes were important variables in short- and long-term prediction, with higher feature effects for predicting new daily COVID-19 cases in the first 6 months of the outbreak. Similar results were also found for death predictions.
Effect of Consuming Different Varieties of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea) Seeds on Glycaemia and Lipid Profile of Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Rats
Authors: Mhya Daniel Hassan , Mohammed Abdulrashid
Published: October 2021

Background: Bambara groundnut seed is reported to possess high fibre and good nutritional content, and is locally used as a daily dietary therapy by diabetic patients in northern Nigeria. The plant seeds are of different varieties and whether the antidiabetic effect may vary with the varieties is largely unknown. This has prompted the current study to investigate effect of consuming different varieties of Bambara groundnut seeds on glycaemia and lipid profile of diabetic and non-diabetic rats.

Materials and Methods: Bambara groundnut seed’s varieties were processed into flour and use in formulating feeds which were given to diabetic and non-diabetic rats as follows; group A (ALK01 feed), group B (ALK02 feed), group C (ALK03 feed), group D (ALK04 feed), group E (Basal feed), and group F (Normal animal’s feed) for 28 days during which blood glucose and weights were measured weekly while lipid profile was assayed at the end of the study.

Results: The result of the study showed continuous increase in glycemic levels for diabetic rats fed basal and normal feeds compared to those fed plant seed formulated feeds. While, glycemic levels for non-diabetic rats fed plant seed formulated feeds, normal or basal feeds remain within normal range. The lipid components of diabetic rats fed basal and normal feeds were elevated and are significantly different (P<.05) from those fed plant seed formulated feeds.

Conclusion: The study concluded that consumption of different varieties of Bambara groundnut seed could ameliorate hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia by a variety dependent manner. 

Keywords:  Bambara groundnut, seed varieties, effect, glycaemia, lipid profile, rats
Antihyperglycemic effect of turmeric aqueous root extract and morphological changes in the pancreas of alloxan-induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats
Authors: Ogenyi Samuel  I. , Imoko Ezinne , Ngokere Anthony A. , Ike Amalachukwu  O.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The study aims to evaluate the anti-hyperglycaemic effect of turmeric and the histological changes in the pancreas of adult Wistar rats.

Materials and Methods: Forty adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups of [A-D] ten rats per group. Group A was normal control, group B was diabetic control, group C was treated with 300mg/kg weight of extract and group D was 500mg/kg body weight. All animals had access to food and water ad libitum.  Aqueous extract of turmeric was administered orally, once daily for 14 days. The rats were then anaesthetized with dichloromethane before sacrifice and sample collection. Pancreatic tissues were processed, stained using the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) method. Blood glucose estimation was determined using the glucose oxidase method.

Results: The mean body weights of the rats across groups were not statistically significant. Similarly, blood glucose levels across groups revealed a progressive statistically significant increase from group A to D and from day one to day 17. Pairwise comparison of group A with B, C and D showed a statistically significant increase but a comparison of Group B with C and D were not significant.

Discussion: There was progressive body weight increase of the rats from day one to the final day across all groups and reduction in the blood glucose levels of the animals treated with 300mg/kg and 500mg/kg body weights, after seven days of treatment, but these, progressively increased with time even with treatment. The overall pancreas features indicate moderate inflammatory changes.

Keywords: turmeric, anti- hyperglycemia, alloxan, Wistar rats
Biochemical and resistance profile of Helicobacter pylori isolated in N’Djamena in Chad
Authors: Bessimbaye Nadlaou , Moussa Ali Mahamat , Habkréo Mayanna , Moukhtar Ali Senoussi , Ouchemi Choua
Published: October 2021

Helicobacter pylori infection and resistance to antibiotics is a public health problem. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and rates of resistance to antibiotics used in the protocol for the management of patients with Helicobacter pylori infection.

Spanning a period from February 2020 to February 2021, it was an observational diagnostic study on gastric biopsies and stool including 97 patients admitted for endoscopy. It was carried out according to standard methods of medical microbiology.

Of 97 patients whose mean age was 46.10 years with extremes of 16 and 85 years, an infection prevalence of 60.82% was observed. 44.07% of infected patients were between 16 and 39 years old, 33.90% between 40 and 63 years old, and 22.03% between 63 and 85 years old.

Significant differences were observed between the proportions of positive (81.44%) and negative (18.56%) cultures, between infection with H. pylori (75%) and other microbial agents (25.35%) with probabilities of 0.01 and 0.02 respectively.

The most resistant antibiotics were: Metronidazole, Clarithromycin, Levofloxacin, Tetracycline and Amoxicillin with resistance rates of 74.58%, 16.95%, 13.56%, 8.47%, and 5.08% respectively.  The frequencies of antibiotic resistance revealed 74.58% for Metronidazole, 16.95% for Clarithromycin, 13.56% for Levofloxacin, 8.47% for Tetracycline, and 5.08% for Amoxicillin.

This study made it possible to determine a significant proportion of H. pylori infection and to shed light on the resistance to the antibiotics used in the eradicating treatment of the bacteria. From this study, we retain that the prescription of Metronidazole is prohibited in Chad.

Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, Resistance, Antibiotic, Chad.
Comparative therapeutic evaluation of two Unani formulations in the management of Chronic Tonsillitis
Authors: Aziz Abdul , Akhtar Md. Wasi , Mannan Abdul , Aziz Yasmeen
Published: October 2021

Chronic tonsillitis is a common disease found worldwide mostly in school going children. There are many challenges in the management of chronic tonsillitis especially in refractory cases. There are many single as well compound drugs for the management of tonsillitis which are being used for a longer duration without any known side effect. A randomized open comparative study was designed to validate the efficacy of two very commonly prescribed formulations in the patients of chronic tonsillitis viz. Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari and Sharbat Toot Siyah.

Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari 6 gm and Sharbat Toot Siyah 20 ml were given orally twice a day to the patients of Group A & Group B respectively for 6 weeks continuously. The data was compiled and statistically analyzed using chi square test and paired t-test.

In test group A, maximum benefit was seen in Sore throat (p<0.0001, χ2 =48.81), followed by Irritation in throat (p<0.0001, χ2 =17.23), Pain in throat (p<0.0001, χ2 =17.23), dry cough (p=0.0002, χ2 =14.35) and dysphagia (p=0.0076, χ2 =7.12). In test group B, maximum benefit was observed in sore throat (p=0.0076, χ2 =7.12), followed by notable improvement in irritation in throat (p=0.0014, χ2 =10.15), and pain in throat (p=0.0098, χ2 =6.67).

Although both Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari and Sharbat Toot Siyah are effective, but Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari is a better option for the management of chronic tonsillitis; as it relives most of the symptoms & signs very effectively and safely.

Keywords: Chronic tonsillitis, Unani formulation, Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari, Sharbat Toot Siyah
Development and Validation of a RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous estimation of Amoxicillin, Omeprazole and Tinidazole in fixed dose combinations
Authors: Lal Basant , Jaimini Manish , Kapoor Devesh
Published: October 2021

New liquid chromatographic technique was established for the simultaneous estimation of tinidazole, omeprazole and amoxicillin in the fixed dose combination (HP-KIT by Sun Pharma). RP-HPLC elution has performed by using the Phenomenex Luna column (250 mm x 4.6 mm) having internal diameter and the packing material of size 5µm) in isocratic mobile phase of solution A: acetonitrile at a ratio of 80:20 v/v (Solution A consists of Buffer: Acetonitrile: Methanol: Triethylamine in the ratios of 68:22:10:0.01 respectively). The selected flow rate was kept as 1 ml/min and selected wavelength was 230 nm was for detection of the drugs in UV detector. As per the ICH guidelines, the method validation was carried out. Moreover, the different parameters of method such as precision, specificity, linearity, robustness and accuracy were established. The time of retention for the tinidazole, amoxicillin, and omeprazole were 4.021 2.324, and 7.332 minutes respectively. The RP-HPLC approach was robust and accurate, so it is appropriate for repetitive assay of drugs and quality control. This method is effectively used for the assessment of marketable dosage form preparation.

Keywords: RP-HPLC, Amoxicillin, Tinidazole, Omeprazole, Method Development, Method Validation.
Use of learning media to support resident doctor skills in obstetrics and gynecology during the COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative review
Authors: Bachtiar Citra Aulia , Kurniawati Eighty Mardiyan , Juwono Hermanto Tri , Utomo Budi , Rahmawati Nur Anisah
Published: October 2021

COVID-19 is a pandemic that has spread in various countries. The health care system in hospitals is burdened with widespread infections and health problems. In addition, educational aspects, especially obstetrics and gynecology education, have problems in clinical practice. This study reviews the role of the learning media in supporting the competence of resident doctors in specialist education for obstetrics and gynecology. Narrative review is done by reviewing some literature that explores the use of media in supporting medical education competencies. The search was performed using MeSH keywords in the PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect databases. The literature used is research conducted in the last 5 years. The collected data is then arranged in a narrative manner. The challenges experienced in medical resident education, especially the focus on obstetrics and gynecology during the COVID-19 pandemic, have become a consideration for the need for innovative media so that learning can run as usual. All aspects need to ensure quality education for resident doctors because they will continue to provide health services in the future.

Keywords: Maternal health, COVID-19, Media, Obstetrics and gynecology
A Comprehensive Description on Ethnopharmacology and Therapeutics of Murdarsang: A Review
Authors: Anjum Sultana , Ahmed Sana Kauser Ateeque , Naz Farha , Khanum Saba
Published: October 2021

Murdarsang is a mineral that contains pbo, or lead oxide is an important medicine in the Unani system of medicine (USM) due to its multiple therapeutic properties. It can be prepared manually with different methods and used in different forms. Etymologically, it is known as 'Litharge' which is derived from Greek 'Litharguros' (lithos meaning stone and arguros for silver) which forms as a 'waste' during the last stage of silver smelting. Throughout human history, lead and lead minerals have been used for medicinal purposes. Galena was used as an eye salve in pre-dynastic Egypt, as well as by the ancient Indian civilisations of Mohendro-Daro and Harappa between 3200 and 2800 BC. Dioskourides in his De Materia Medica says about lithargyros that one is made from sand called molybditis which is roasted until it is totally burned, another from silver, a third from lead. According to Unani system of medicine Murdarsang possess different properties such as Astringent, Agglutinant, mildly Detergent, Desiccant, Anti-inflammatory Refrigerant, Corrosive and Rarefying properties. It is used as a base for making ointments. It composes the drugs and reduces the intensity of their dissolution, corrosion and astringency. It also have a corrosive, Resolvent and Insecticidal action. Many pharmacological activities mentioned in Unani medicine are validated, and many activities need further exploration due to the immense therapeutic scope in this drug. The current review designed to give an overview on the historical, chemical constituents, pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Murdarsang.

Keywords: Murdarsang, Litharge, Lead oxide, Unani system of medicine.
Liposomes as Drug Delivery System: An Updated Review
Authors: Farooque Faisal , Wasi Mohd , Mughees Mohd Muaz
Published: October 2021

The liposomes were the first Nano medicine to be accepted for clinical use. They are the spherical vesicles that possess mid empty aqueous space, which is encircled by a phospholipids bilayer. Liposomes have immense capability to prevent the degradation of drugs, reduce side effects and are thus increasingly used for targeted drug delivery. The drugs can either be incorporated inside the aqueous space (hydrophilic drugs) or inside the phospholipids bilayer (hydrophobic drugs) of liposomes for the targeted drug delivery. Considering the importance of liposomes as a drug delivery system, the present review paper tries to look into its details. The entire paper is classified into six parts. The first part is introductory. The second part discusses the classification of liposomes. In the third segment, the structural components of liposomes are detailed. The fourth portion of the paper talks about methods of preparation of liposomes. In the fifth segment, the characterization of liposomes is discussed. The sixth part discusses the application of liposomes and the last part is given to concluding observation. Literature shows distinct types of liposomes, categorized based on size, number of lipid layers, composition and preparation method. They are recently used for various nanoscale drugs formulation and a piece of concrete evidence was seen recently in recommended drug for black fungus i.e., Liposomal Amphotericin B. Although, their development and application are remaining the challenge due to costly and tedious processes involved in their production and development. Therefore, further research and development are required to perform to overcomes these challenges.

Keywords: Liposome, characterization, amphiphatic, controlled release, phospholipids
Acid Suppression Therapy for the Empirical Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients
Authors: ALAKEEL YOUSIF S , Almeshary Meshary F. , Alghamdi Mohammed A. , Faden Rawa M.
Published: October 2021

Objective: To investigate and compare the safety and efficacy of the empirical use of Histamine-2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs) and Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), for the treatment of unspecified nausea and vomiting (NV) in hospitalized children.

Methods: The retrospective cohort study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh (KAMC-R) and included pediatric patients ≤14 years who received acid suppression therapy (AST), H2RAs or PPIs, for the treatment of unspecified NV between April 30, 2018, and April 30, 2019. The primary outcome was the complete resolution of NV within three days of AST. The secondary outcomes were the frequency of rescue medication use, the number of vomiting episodes since starting the AST, and the adverse drug reactions (ADRs).

Results: Sixty-two patients were included in the study, 25 (40.3%) were in the H2RAs group and 37 (59.7%) in the PPIs group. The mean age was 3.69 ± 4.13 years, with the majority male (64.5%). Overall, 87% (n=54) of the sample had complete resolution of NV within 3 days of the AST therapy with no difference between the H2RAs and PPIs groups (p=0.344). The number of NV episodes from initiating the AST until the complete resolution was similar between the groups. In total, 14 patients (25.9%) required rescue therapy with granisetron, 6 (26.1%) in the H2RAs group compared to 8 (25.8%) in the PPIs group. There was no difference in the number of the required granisetron doses or the incidence of ADRs.

Conclusion: Both PPIs and H2RAs were effective and safe for the treatment of unspecified NV in hospitalized pediatric patients. The selection of either agent should be based on other factors.

Keywords: Pediatric; Nausea and vomiting; Proton pump inhibitor; Histamine-2-receptor antagonist; Granisetron.
The New Outlook of Monoclonal Antibodies in Neutralizing Target Cells in COVID-19
Authors: Ashwathi P , Venkateswaramurthy N , Sambath Kumar R
Published: October 2021

Background: The deadly arrival of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in late December 2019, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged worldwide causing a pandemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) has proved ineffectiveness against existing medications this influenced the prompt identification of Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which plays a vital role as the prophylactic application that helps in developing new interventions.

Objectives: To study the effect of mAbs in high-risk individuals in treating COVID-19.

Methodology: The recent studies related to the aim of the review were undertaken through a literature search to analyze the importance of mAbs in combating SARS-CoV-2.

Results:  In several countries even though vaccines have reached the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) people still rely on traditional medications. Besides repurposed drugs, recently many mAbs targeting S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 have been signed up for clinical trials. Currently, no specific neutralizing mAbs have been reported for SARS-CoV-2 and it may take several years for such antibodies to be readily available. The development of mAbs for preventing the SARS-CoV 2 infection is challenged by the threat of antibody-dependent enhancement, antibody-resistant against SARS-CoV-2 variants, acute respiratory infections, clinical trials and risk assessment, and inexplicable. The clinical trial data proved that there is no life-threatening Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) occurred during mAbs therapy for COVID-19 patients.

Conclusion: Establishing monoclonal antibodies will continue to be the best prophylactic application as it minimizes the risk of hospitalization in the high-risk individuals affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Keywords: COVID-19, Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), Emergency Use Authorization (EUA), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)