bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An optimized 3D-printed perfusion bioreactor for homogeneous cell seeding in bone substitute scaffolds for future chairside applications
Authors: Engel Nadja , Fechner Carsten , Voges Annika , Ott Robert , Stenzel Jan , Siewert Stefan , Bergner Carina , Khaimov Valeria , Liese Jan , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Krause Bernd Joachim , Frerich Bernhard
Published: November 2021

A clinical implementation of cell-based bone regeneration in combination with scaffold materials requires the development of efficient, controlled and reproducible seeding procedures and a tailor-made bioreactor design. A perfusion system for efficient, homogeneous, and rapid seeding with human adipogenic stem cells in bone substitute scaffolds was designed. Variants concerning medium inlet and outlet port geometry, i.e. cylindrical or conical diffuser, cell concentration, perfusion mode and perfusion rates were simulated in silico. Cell distribution during perfusion was monitored by dynamic [18F]FDG micro-PET/CT and validated by laser scanning microscopy with three-dimensional image reconstruction. By iterative feedback of the in silico and in vitro experiments, the homogeneity of cell distribution throughout the scaffold was optimized with adjustment of flow rates, cell density and perfusion properties. Finally, a bioreactor with a conical diffusor geometry was developed, that allows a homogeneous cell seeding (hoover coefficient: 0.24) in less than 60 min with an oscillating perfusion mode. During this short period of time, the cells initially adhere within the entire scaffold and stay viable. After two weeks, the formation of several cell layers was observed, which was associated with an osteogenic differentiation process. This newly designed bioreactor may be considered as a prototype for chairside application.
A case report describing the immune response of an infant with congenital heart disease and severe COVID-19
Authors: Wurzel Danielle , Neeland Melanie R. , Anderson Jeremy , Abo Yara-Natalie , Do Lien Anh Ha , Donato Celeste M. , Bines Julie E. , Toh Zheng Quan , Higgins Rachel A. , Jalali Sedi , Cole Theresa , Subbarao Kanta , McMinn Alissa , Dohle Kate , Haeusler Gabrielle M. , McNab Sarah , Alafaci Annette , Overmars Isabella , Clifford Vanessa , Lee Lai-yang , Daley Andrew J. , Buttery Jim , Bryant Penelope A. , Burgner David , Steer Andrew , Tosif Shidan , Konstantinov Igor E. , Duke Trevor , Licciardi Paul V. , Pellicci Daniel G. , Crawford Nigel W.
Published: November 2021

Background

Children with SARS-CoV-2 infection generally present with milder symptoms or are asymptomatic in comparison with adults, however severe disease occurs in a subset of children. To date, the immune correlates of severe COVID-19 in young children have been poorly characterised.

Methods

We report the kinetics of immune responses in relation to clinical and virological features in an infant with acute severe COVID-19 using high-dimensional flow cytometry and multiplex cytokine analysis.

Results

Systemic cellular and cytokine profiling show an initial increase in neutrophils and monocytes with depletion of lymphoid cell populations (particularly CD8 + T and NK cells) and elevated inflammatory cytokines. Expansion of memory CD4 + T (but not CD8 + T) cells occurred over time, with a predominant Th2 bias. Marked activation of T cell populations observed during the acute infection gradually resolved as the child recovered. Substantial in vitro activation of T-cell populations and robust cytokine production, in response to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 stimulation, was observed 3 months after infection indicating durable, long-lived cellular immune memory.

Conclusions

These findings provide important insights into the immune response of a young infant with severe COVID-19 and will help to inform future research into therapeutic targets for high-risk groups.
Directional copper dewetting to grow graphene ribbon arrays
Authors: Li Xiaogang , Xiong Xuyao , Ning Congcong , Yang Qian , Li Dongling , Wang Zegao , Jin Yan , Zhao Wenbin , Hu Baoshan
Published: November 2021

A novel strategy that employs V-shaped grooves to confine the directional dewetting of a Cu film facilitates the CVD growth of graphene ribbons.
Experimental and theoretical evidence of attractive interactions between dianions: [PdCl4]2−⋯[PdCl4]2−
Authors: Zierkiewicz Wiktor , Michalczyk Mariusz , Maris Thierry , Wysokiński Rafał , Scheiner Steve
Published: November 2021

It is demonstrated that even dianions, each with charge −2, can establish attractive interactions with one another.
Constructing oxygen vacancy-enriched Fe2O3@NiO heterojunctions for highly efficient electrocatalytic alkaline water splitting
Authors: Sang Yan , Cao Xi , Ding Gaofei , Guo Zixuan , Xue Yingying , Li Guohong , Yu Runhan
Published: November 2021

The oxygen vacancy-enriched Fe2O3@NiO heterojunctions assembled by nanoparticles and nanosheets can be used as a highly efficient and stable dual-function electrocatalyst to achieve efficient all-water splitting.
Photovoltaic performance and power conversion efficiency prediction of double fence porphyrins
Authors: Yang Canpu , Song Peng , El-Shishtawy Reda M. , Ma Fengcai , Li Yuanzuo
Published: November 2021

(1) Single and double fence porphyrins and designed dyes were investigated, and a micro-mechanism for enhancing performance was revealed. (2) A design strategy was used to improve the JSC and VOC.
Chemistry of the photoisomerization and thermal reset of nitro-spiropyran and merocyanine molecules on the channel of the MoS2field effect transistor
Authors: Mamun Muhammad Shamim Al , Sainoo Yasuyuki , Takaoka Tsuyoshi , Waizumi Hiroki , Wang Zhipeng , Alam Md Iftekharul , Ando Atsushi , Arafune Ryuichi , Komeda Tadahiro
Published: November 2021

The reversible reaction of the photoisomerization and thermal reset of photochromic spiropyrans and merocyanine deposited on the MoS2FET channel.
Bio-energy conversion with carbon capture and utilization (BECCU): integrated biomass fermentation and chemo-catalytic CO2 hydrogenation for bioethanol and formic acid co-production
Authors: Guntermann Nils , Mengers Hendrik G. , Franciò Giancarlo , Blank Lars M. , Leitner Walter
Published: November 2021

Joining bio- and chemo-catalysis: whole-cell fermentation of glucose to ethanol is combined with in situ hydrogenation of the by-product CO2 to formic acid using a tailored Ru-catalyst in a water–tetradecane biphasic system.
A highly precise micro-analytical XRF method for compositional characterization of fast breeder reactor fuels
Authors: Sanyal Kaushik , Kanrar Buddhadev , Suresh Shiny S. , Dhara Sangita
Published: November 2021

Accurate and precise determination of plutonium and uranium in Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR) fuels is one of the most important steps in the chemical quality control of these fuels.
In situ polymer-covered annealing strategy for high-efficiency carbon-electrode CsPbIBr2 solar cells
Authors: Xie Xiaoping , Liu Gang , Dong Peng , Liu Dawei , Ni Yufeng , Ma Junxiao , Zhu Weidong , Chen Dazheng , Zhang Chunfu
Published: November 2021

An in situ polymer-covered annealing strategy is proposed to regulate the crystallization behavior of one-step-deposited CsPbIBr2 film, which leads to a film with many superior properties. A carbon-electrode perovskite solar cell fabricated with such a film yields a significantly enhanced efficiency from 8.71% to 10.50%.
Enhanced capacitive performance of a Ag-functionalized low crystalline Co3O4/graphene composite
Authors: Zhu Lin , Huang Yuhao , Zhang Yan , Yan Lijun , Zou Ruyi , Sun Wei
Published: November 2021

The addition of Ag increased the capacitance of Co3O4 nanowires by about 5.8 times.
Aggregating buildings as a virtual power plant: Architectural design, supporting technologies, and case studies
Authors: Luo Fengji , Dorri Ali , Ranzi Gianluca , Zhao Junbo , Jurdak Raja
Published: November 2021

Prevalence of distributed generation drives the emergence of the ‘Virtual Power Plant (VPP)’ paradigm. A VPP aggregates distributed energy resource and can operate as a conventional power plant. In recent years, a large portion of renewable energy sources are installed in the commercial/industrial/residential building side, and their potentials and flexibilities can be aggregated in the VPP context. Nevertheless, building‐side energy resources are usually managed by building energy management systems (BEMSs) with autonomous objectives and policies, making them hardly to be directly controlled by the VPP energy management system as the state‐of‐the‐art VPP. This study systematically presents a building VPP (BVPP) architecture that aggregates building‐side energy resources through the communication between the VPP energy management system and autonomous BEMSs. The implementation technologies, key components, and operation modes of BVPPs are discussed. Case studies are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of BVPP in different operational conditions.
Ultra-deep 31.0–50.3 GHz spectral survey of IRC+10216
Authors: Pardo J. R. , Cernicharo J. , Tercero B. , Cabezas C. , Bermúdez C. , Agúndez M. , Gallego J. D. , Tercero F. , Gómez-Garrido M. , de Vicente P. , López-Pérez J. A.
Published: November 2021

Context. The carbon-rich envelope of the asymptotic giant branch star CW Leo, IRC+10216, is one of the richest molecular sources in the sky. Available spectral surveys below 51 GHz are more than 25 years old, and new work is needed.

Aims. Characterizing the rich molecular content of this source, specially for heavy species, requires carrying out very sensitive spectral surveys at low frequencies. In particular, we have achieved an rms in the range 0.2−0.6 mK per MHz.

Methods. Long Q band (31.0−50.3 GHz) single-dish integrations were carried out with the Yebes-40m telescope using specifically built receivers. The most recent line catalogs were used to identify the lines.

Results. The data contain 652 spectral features, corresponding to 713 transitions from 81 species (we count the isomers, isotopologs, and ortho/para species separately). Only 57 unidentified lines remain with signal-to-noise ratios ≥3. Some new species and/or vibrational modes have been discovered for the first time with this survey.

Conclusions. This IRC+10216 spectral survey is by far the most sensitive survey carried out to date in the Q band. It therefore provides the most complete view of IRC+10216 from 31.0 to 50.3 GHz, giving unique information about its molecular content, especially for heavy species. Rotational diagrams built from the data provide valuable information about the physical conditions and chemical content of this circumstellar envelope.
Slope stability analyses by circular failure chart and limit equilibrium methods: the inlet and outlet of diversion tunnel of Bolango Ulu Dam, Indonesia
Authors: Luden Alesandro Sejo , Indrawan I Gde Budi , Karnawati Dwikorita
Published: November 2021

The objective of this research is to evaluate the stability of the natural slopes at the inlet and outlet portals of the Bolangu Ulu diversion tunnel, Gorontalo. The natural slopes were considered stable, and therefore slope stability analyses were not carried out previously in the tunnel portal design. The slope stability analyses were carried out using the Circular Failure Chart (CFC) and Limit Equilibrium Methods (LEM). Input data for the slope stability analyses were obtained from field mapping and laboratory testing of soil and rock samples. The results show that the portal slopes consist of diorite and residual soil. Both stability analysis methods yield nearly the same results. The slope at the outlet section had the factor of safety (FOS) values of 1.29 and 1.30 based on the CFC method and LEM, respectively, indicating the slope in a stable condition. However, the slope at the inlet section had the FOS values of 1.01 and 1.07 based on the CFC method and LEM, respectively, indicating the slope in a critical condition. The results suggest that stabilization of the portal slopes, particularly the portal slope at the inlet section, is required to prevent slope failures under static and earthquake loads.
Slope stability analysis of the drainage tunnel portal in Tanju Dam, Dompu District, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Dinata Edden Umaga , Indrawan I Gde Budi , Idrus Arifudin
Published: November 2021

This paper presents design results of the tunnel portal slopes at the Tanju Dam, Dompu, West Nusa Tenggara. The objective of this research was to analyse the stability of the tunnel portal slopes using circular failure chart (CFC) method, limit equilibrium method (LEM), and finite element method (FEM). Input parameters were obtained from drill core evaluations and laboratory tests. By considering the rock mass rating (RMR) values of rock masses, which are categorized as class II, at the two slopes, adjustments for the cohesion and inner friction angle values are made. The inlet slope (IL) have cohesion values of 350 kPa and 40º inner friction angle and the outlet slope (OL) have cohesion values of 400 kPa and 45º inner friction angle. The CFC method shows that the IL and OL have safety factor (FS) values of 3.5 and 3.44, respectively. The LEM shows that the IL and OL have the FS values of 3.69 and 3.65, respectively. Meanwhile, the FEM shows that the IL and OL have FS values of 4.78 and 4.79, respectively. The stability analysis results indicate that designed slopes are stable.
Characterization and performance of high strength steel 51CrV4 under cyclic loading
Authors: Malikoutsakis Michail , Makris Ioannis , Pagonas Aggelos , Savaidis Georgios
Published: November 2021

The high alloyed spring steel 51CrV4 is widely used in engineering applications with high requirements on strength, durability, and safety. The present paper contains experimental results regarding its microstructural characterization and the mechanical behaviour, especially the fatigue life of 51CrV4. Fundamental S-N curves at fully reversed tension-compression and rotating bending have been determined covering the whole area of practical interest, from the Low Cycle Fatigue regime until the engineering endurance limit. These S-N curves can be directly used for the design as well as for the fatigue assessment of engineering components made of this material. The international literature contains very few and isolated data regarding the mechanical behaviour of 51CrV4, while corresponding material properties are totally missing. The material data and properties provided here may be implemented in international cyclic material databases for further exploitation in Industry and Academia.
Influence of discontinuities on fatigue strength using the example of additively manufactured specimens made of AlSi10Mg
Authors: Beier Heinz Thomas , Yadegari Patrick , Vormwald Michael
Published: November 2021

Fatigue strength is largely affected by the influence of discontinuities: geometric notches like holes and corners in components, surface notches (roughness), pores and inclusions in the material. Therefore fatigue of structures and materials is a local problem and fatigue strength calculations are best carried out using local approaches such as local stress concept, local strain concept or fracture mechanical concepts. In this investigation, the influence of discontinuities on low cycle and high cycle fatigue strength of materials was examined on the example of additively produced material specimens made of aluminium AlSi10Mg by using a fracture mechanics parameter. Results of fatigue tests on hourglass-specimens made from four different series of 3-D printed specimens are presented. The examination of the fracture surfaces revealed that damage always started from pores located near the surface of the specimens. The fractography gave information about geometry, size and position of the crack-causing pores. The influence of such pores on the fatigue strength of the printed aluminium was investigated by using a modification of Murakami’s √area parameter. The common scatter band of the four test series could thus be reduced significantly.
The influence of exposed to corrosion length of rebars on fatigue life of RC elements
Authors: Koulouris Konstantinos , Basdeki Maria , Apostolopoulos Charis
Published: November 2021

Deterioration of reinforced concrete is a main factor on estimation of structures' service lifetime. As it is well known, both corrosion of steel reinforcement and earthquake events, have detrimental effects on structural integrity of RC elements. In this study, the fatigue life of corroded reinforcement is investigated. Bare and embedded (in concrete) specimens of rebars are tested in low cycle fatigue conditions after accelerated corrosion experiments using impressed current technique. Corrosion damage, in terms of mass loss, and the mechanical tests of fatigue are taken account in function of the exposed to corrosion length of reinforcement. The outcomes attained from the experimental study indicate higher mass loss values of specimens with short exposed to corrosion length than the corresponding mass loss values of specimens with long exposed to corrosion length at the same tested corrosion time; subsequently resulting in their reduced fatigue lifetime. Extrapolating the abovementioned results on RC elements in marine environment located in seismic prone areas, issues are raised concerning the assessment of structural integrity and the parameters which are taken into account on monitoring of high importance structures.
Internal pressure driven finite element model of a single pulmonary acinus
Authors: Campbell James , Siddiqui Salman , Gill Simon , Tsamis Alkiviadis
Published: November 2021

A computer simulated, poroelastic, hyperelastic model was developed to replicate the pressure-volume response of a single pulmonary acinus (15th branch of the respiratory tree and daughter branches) with air flow at its core. An internal pressure driven approach was taken upon a small spherical geometry (99.2 mm3 in volume) representing this small segment of lung parenchyma. A reference porcine tracheal pressure at tidal breathing was adjusted from 1471 Pa to 998 Pa to accommodate for pressure drop, and the pressure of 998 Pa was applied to the model for parametric analysis of its pressure-volume characteristics. In targeting a proportional tidal volume change of approximately 15% while also inducing a pressure-volume hysteresis, material parameters of Young’s modulus of 4 kPa, Poisson’s ratio of 0.4, and a permeability of 5×10-5 cm3s-1cm-2 were identified as suitable. The energy loss over a single pressure-volume cycle for a pulmonary acinus was found to be 6.3×10-6 J. This model was qualitatively compared to the pressure-volume relationship of the original porcine data source, and then with experimental findings of the material parameters for lung parenchyma in medical literature, demonstrating same-order agreement.
Reliability design of mechanical systems subjected to repetitive stresses
Authors: Woo Seong-woo , O’Neal Dennis L. , Hassen Yimer Mohammed
Published: November 2021

To enhance the design of mechanical systems, parametric Accelerated Life Testing (ALT) as a systematic reliability method is proposed as a way to evaluate the design of mechanical systems subjected to repeated impact stresses. It requires: (1) a parametric ALT scheme shaped on system BX lifetime, (2) a load inspection, (3) parametric ALTs with the associated design modifications, and (4) an assessment of whether the revised product design(s) reach the targeted BX life-time. We propose using a general life-stress model and sample size equation. A test example using both market data and parametric ALT was the redesign of a hinge kit system (HKS) in a refrigerator. To conduct parametric ALTs, a force and moment balance analysis was utilized. The mechanical impact loadings of the HKS were evaluated for an working refrigerator door. For the first ALT, the HKS failure happened in the crack/fracture of the kit housing and oil spilled from the damper when the HKS was disassembled. The failure modes and mechanisms constructed in the 1st ALT were similar to those of the unsuccessful samples found from the marketplace. The missing design parameters of the HKS included stress raisers such as corner roundings and the rib of the housing in HKS, the seal in the oil damper, and the material of the cover housing. In the second ALT, the cover housing fractured. The design defect of the cover housing in the HKS was the plastic material. As a corrective action plan, the cover housing was modified from plastic to aluminium. After the second ALT, the lifetime of the modified HKS was reassured to be B1 life 10 years with a yearly failure rate of 0.1%.
Of Open Pits and Valleys: Endoscopic Optical Diagnosis Juxtaposition of Pathologically Distinct Rectal Polyp Lesions
Authors: Zimmer Vincent , Bier Bert
Published: November 2021

Optical diagnosis during colorectal cancer screening is instrumental in deciding whether or not to resect colorectal lesions, choose the appropriate technique and to properly communicate with the pathologist. The latter is even more important when it comes to serrated lesions with the latest WHO classification justifying a pathology diagnosis of a serrated lesion with a minimum criterion of characteristic findings in just one crypt, which may only be detectable when adequate sectioning and scrutinization is performed. Here, we present a unique case of comparatively small rectal lesions with typical endoscopic findings warranting a diagnosis of a serrated lesion (open pit pattern) and adenoma (valley sign).
Newly Designed Laser-Cut Metal Stent with an Anchoring Hook and Thin Delivery System for Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided Hepaticogastrostomy: Is It a Dream Stent?
Authors: Rana Surinder S.
Published: November 2021

Endoscopic ultrasound–guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) involves creation of an anastomosis between two intra-abdominal mobile organs, namely, liver and the stomach, with no intervening stricture. Therefore, the risk of stent migration in EUS-HGS is very high and the stent migration can lead on to severe life-threatening complications like biliary peritonitis. During last few years, there have been increased efforts to design a safe and effective stent for EUS-HGS that obviates the risk of stent migration and can also be inserted quickly, preferably, in a single-step procedure. In this news and views, we discuss an experimental study from Japan that has evaluated a new partially covered self-expandable laser cut metal stent with a thin delivery system (7.2 F) and antimigration anchoring hooks for single-step EUS-HGS in phantom and animal models.
Sample formulations for dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization
Authors: El Daraï Théo , Jannin Sami
Published: November 2021

Hyperpolarization by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) can boost magnetic resonance sensitivity by several orders of magnitude. The method relies on the transfer of electron spin polarization to the surrounding nuclear spins in the solid-state at low temperatures and moderate magnetic fields. One critical aspect for the success of a dDNP experiment is the sample formulation. Sample formulations have continually evolved, from frozen glassy solutions to complex hybrid polarizing solids, enabling faster and more repeatable DNP, as well as new applications to molecular systems that could not have be addressed before. In this review, we present some of the most important scientific advances related to sample formulations with a historical perspective, from the invention of DNP until today.
Simplified description of dynamics in neuromorphic resonant tunneling diodes
Authors: Ortega-Piwonka I. , Teruel A. E. , Prohens R. , Vich C. , Javaloyes J.
Published: November 2021

In this article, the standard theoretical model accounting for a double barrier quantum well resonant tunneling diode (RTD) connected to a direct current source of voltage is simplified by representing its current–voltage characteristic with an analytically approachable, anti-symmetric N-shaped function. The time and variables involved are also transformed to reduce the number of parameters in the model. Responses observed in previous, more physically accurate studies are reproduced, including slow–fast dynamics, excitability, and bistability, relevant for spiking signal processing. A simple expression for the refractory time of the excitable response is derived and shown to be in good agreement with numerical simulations. In particular, the refractory time is found to be directly proportional to the circuit’s intrinsic inductance. The presence or absence of bistability in the dependence of the parameters is also discussed thoroughly. The results of this work can serve as a guideline in prospective endeavors to design and fabricate RTD-based neuromorphic circuits for power and time-efficient execution of neural network algorithms.
Gibbs thermodynamics and surface properties at the nanoscale
Authors: de Miguel R. , Rubí J. M.
Published: November 2021

Gibbs’s classical thermodynamic framework approximates systems as infinitely large phases separated by infinitely thin surfaces. The range of validity of this classical framework naturally comes under scrutiny as we become interested in the properties of ever smaller systems. This Communication clarifies that while Gibbs’s original framework of bulk phase thermodynamics did require modifications to describe the properties of very small (i.e., non-additive) phases, his classical framework remains fundamentally valid to describe the thermodynamic properties of surfaces. We explain why classical surface laws are applicable at the nanoscale, as suggested by simulations and confirmed by experiments. We also show that a generalized Gibbs–Tolman–Koenig–Buff equation and the resulting Tolman’s law for surface tension are obtained from a classical thermodynamic analysis in the Tolman region, a region of interaction between the system and the environment.
Evidence of phonon Anderson localization on the thermal properties of disordered atomic systems
Authors: Ni Yuxiang , Volz Sebastian
Published: November 2021

Localization is a well-known wave phenomenon that significantly impedes transport, as uncovered by a pioneering work of Anderson. The localization of thermal phonons based on the phonon wave nature is widely represented in disordered atomic systems. Compared with electron and photon localization, the observations of phonon localization are much rarer, owning to the broadband nature of phonon thermal transport. In this Perspective, we summarize the experimental and theoretical evidences of phonon Anderson localization in disordered atomic systems from the aspects of vibrational spectroscopy, thermal conductivity measurement, phonon transmission, phonon wave packet, phonon participation ratio, and energy distribution.
Colourimetric Detection of Tebuconazole in Aqueous Solution Based on an Unmodified Aptamer and the Aggregation of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Xie Xicheng , Li Lingyun , Wang Lumei , Pan Chaoqiang , Zhang Dongwei , Shen Guoqing
Published: November 2021

This paper illustrates the establishment of a colourimetric method for detection of the fungicide tebuconazole (TEB) in aqueous samples based on an unmodified TEB-specific aptamer and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In the absence of TEB, the AuNPs are coated with a TEB-specific aptamer and then stably dispersed a NaCl solution of high concentration, leading to a red solution and producing a maximum UV absorption peak at 520 nm. In the presence of TEB, due to the specific high affinity between TEB and the TEB-specific aptamer, the aptamer combines with TEB to form stable compounds, causing the AuNPs to be exposed in the solution and aggregate. The aggregated AuNPs turn the solution from red to blue, presenting a maximum UV absorption peak at 650 nm. Therefore, the concentration of TEB in the system can be quantitatively detected through the changes in absorbance. This TEB selective colourimetric biosensor detects TEB over a linear concentration range of 20 to 400 nM (R = 0.99385) and has a limit of detection (LOD) of 4.13 nM. The average recovery of TEB is 94.9–104.8 % in the application of actual water samples with the relative standard deviations (RSD) ranging from 1.01 to 5.34 %. With considerable sensitivity and selectivity, this aptasensor indicates great potential for TEB detection in aqueous samples.
Changes in crassulacean acid metabolism expression, chloroplast ultrastructure, photochemical and antioxidant activity in the
Authors: Habibi Ghader
Published: November 2021

We determined time course changes of photochemical and antioxidant activity during the induction of strong crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) in Aloe vera L. plants grown under salt and drought stress. We found that the strong CAM was induced during 25–30 days of drought alone treatment. After 25–30 days, we showed the withdrawal of strong CAM back to constitutive CAM background under the combination of simultaneous drought and salt stress, which coincided with the accumulation of malondialdehyde, and the decrease in the contents of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and non-enzymatic antioxidants. At the same time, the chloroplast ultrastructure was damaged with a parallel accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and the whole photosynthetic electron transport flux was impaired by combined stress treatment. In conclusion, the changes in CAM expression parameters was attended by a similar pattern of antioxidant and photochemical change in Aloe plants subjected to only drought or combined stress.
Snails in depth: integrative taxonomy of Famelica, Glaciotomella and Rimosodaphnella (Conoidea: Raphitomidae) from the deep sea of temperate Australia
Authors: Criscione Francesco , Hallan Anders , Puillandre Nicolas , Fedosov Alexander
Published: November 2021

The deep sea of temperate south-eastern Australia appears to be a ‘hotspot’ for diversity and endemism of conoidean neogastropods of the family Raphitomidae. Following a series of expeditions in the region, a considerable amount of relevant DNA-suitable material has become available. A molecular phylogeny based on this material has facilitated the identification of diagnostic morphological characters, allowing the circumscription of monophyletic genera and the introduction of several new genus-level taxa. Both named and new genera are presently being investigated through integrative taxonomy, with the discovery of a significant number of undescribed species. As part of this ongoing investigation, our study focuses on the genera Famelica Bouchet & Warén, 1980, Glaciotomella Criscione, Hallan, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2020 and Rimosodaphnella Cossmann, 1914. We subjected a comprehensive mitochondrial DNA dataset of representative deep-sea raphitomids to the species delimitation methods ABGD and ASAP that recognised 18 and 15 primary species hypotheses (PSHs) respectively. Following additional evaluation of shell and radular features, and examination of geographic and bathymetric ranges, nine of these PSHs were converted to secondary species hypotheses (SSHs). Four SSHs (two in Famelica and two in Rimosodaphnella) were recognised as new, and formal descriptions are provided herein.
Formation of ethane and propane via abiotic reductive conversion of acetic acid in hydrothermal sediments
Authors: Song Min , Schubotz Florence , Kellermann Matthias Y. , Hansen Christian T. , Bach Wolfgang , Teske Andreas P. , Hinrichs Kai-Uwe
Published: November 2021

Significance

Nonmethane, low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons are typically formed in geothermally heated subsurface sediments by cracking of larger precursor molecules. The Guaymas Basin serves as a sedimentary model system for extremely rapid formation of petroleum-like compounds. Here, C
2
to C
5
hydrocarbons are unusually enriched in
13
C, and their isotope pattern is distinct from that found in conventional petroleum systems, suggesting a different pathway for their formation. Using isotope tracer experiments at temperatures and pressures pertinent to hydrothermal conditions, we show that ethane and propane can be formed by reductive conversion of acetic acid, whose carboxylic group was isotopically equilibrated with the dissolved inorganic carbon pool. Our findings reveal a formerly unrecognized formation pathway for two major components in natural gas.
Observation of others’ actions during limb immobilization prevents the subsequent decay of motor performance
Authors: De Marco Doriana , Scalona Emilia , Bazzini Maria Chiara , Nuara Arturo , Taglione Elisa , Lopomo Nicola Francesco , Rizzolatti Giacomo , Fabbri-Destro Maddalena , Avanzini Pietro
Published: November 2021

Significance

In several clinical conditions, especially those related to orthopedic trauma or specific injuries of the peripheral nervous system, patients may experience a period of limb nonuse that has detrimental cascade effects on corticomotor organization and ultimately, on motor performance. During limb nonuse, treatments based on action observation may be suitable for stimulating the motor system via the mirror mechanism. Using short-term immobilization in healthy volunteers, our study showed that administering action observation during immobilization limits the movement alterations induced by limb nonuse. Given action observation’s protective role against the decline of motor performance, it represents a valid tool for early interventions during limb nonuse, thus reducing the burden of further motor rehabilitation.
The earliest adobe monumental architecture in the Americas
Authors: Mauricio Ana Cecilia , Grieseler Rolf , Heller Andrew R. , Kelley Alice R. , Rumiche Francisco , Sandweiss Daniel H. , Viveen Willem
Published: November 2021

Significance

This study documents the previously unrecognized technological evolution of pre-Hispanic Andean adobe bricks, the central component of this region’s millennia-long earthen architectural tradition. Multidisciplinary geoarchaeological research in northern Peru shows that the earliest known standing adobe brick architecture in the Andes dates before 5,100 calendar years B.P., using adobes cut from natural clay deposits created by El Niño flooding. Other than the deliberate shaping of the material, they were unmodified but were used like later adobe bricks. Later pre-Hispanic adobe bricks were made more durable by mixing clay with temper and water. The beginning of adobe architecture in the Andes is associated with the construction of early monumental structures for communal ceremonies and the rise of social complexity.
Extreme mechanical anisotropy in diamond with preferentially oriented nanotwin bundles
Authors: Pan Yilong , Ying Pan , Gao Yufei , Liu Peng , Tong Ke , Yu Dongli , Jiang Kaili , Hu Wentao , Li Baozhong , Liu Bing , Zhao Zhisheng , He Julong , Xu Bo , Liu Zhongyuan , Tian Yongjun
Published: November 2021

Significance

Diamond is an essential material for industrial and scientific applications due to its exceptional properties. The regulation of diamond performance through microstructural design is a challenging and hot topic. Here, we report the synthesis of diamond with preferentially oriented nanotwin bundles via direct phase transformation of superaligned multiwalled carbon nanotube films under high temperature and pressure. The preferentially oriented nanotwin bundles endow diamond with the highest hardness anisotropy ever recorded and a record hardness value in the direction perpendicular to the oriented nanotwin bundles. Current findings provide valuable insights on the microstructural design and modification of diamond and related materials, contributing to the further tuning of properties in the future.
Lactate transporters in the rat barrel cortex sustain whisker-dependent BOLD fMRI signal and behavioral performance
Authors: Roumes Hélène , Jollé Charlotte , Blanc Jordy , Benkhaled Imad , Chatain Carolina Piletti , Massot Philippe , Raffard Gérard , Bouchaud Véronique , Biran Marc , Pythoud Catherine , Déglon Nicole , Zimmer Eduardo R. , Pellerin Luc , Bouzier-Sore Anne-Karine
Published: November 2021

Significance

For decades, it was claimed that glucose was the sole and sufficient energy substrate to sustain neuronal activity and brain function. Our results challenge this view by demonstrating that despite glucose availability, lactate shuttling from astrocytes to neurons via monocarboxylate transporters is necessary to give rise to the blood oxygen level-dependent signal (used as a surrogate marker for activation) in the rat cerebral cortex following whisker stimulation. Moreover, lactate shuttling turned out to be also essential for sustaining behavioral performance associated with activation of the rat barrel cortex. These findings call for a reappraisal of neuroenergetics and the role of astrocytes in determining brain activation and function.
A corpus-based study of directives in Taiwanese Southern Min
Authors: Chang Miao-Hsia , Iûnn Ún-giân
Published: November 2021

This study aims to examine the subtypes of directives and their realization patterns in Taiwanese Southern Min (TSM). The data were drawn from a play script corpus published in the 20th century. Nine directive subtypes were identified: advice, begging, invitation, order, offer, request, suggestion, urge, and warning. The realization patterns were analyzed in terms of the main components in the directives: alerter, discourse marker, politeness marker, subject, modal expression, verb phrase, and utterance final particle. The analysis reveals a number of features: (1) Alerters mainly take the form of an address term; (2) Utterance-initial discourse markers are mainly realized by tan
‘now’; (3) The subject is either hearer-dominated or speaker- and hearer-dominated, with the latter expressing solidarity in casual situations; (4) the politeness marker chhiáⁿ tends to take an overt subject; (5) The modal verb tio̍h accounts for the majority of subtypes; (6) The dominant verb types include dynamic, stative, uttering, and ingesting verbs; (7) Complex verb constructions mainly include directional verbs, disposal markers, and benefactive verbs; (8) Directional verbs are pervasive across all directives. A metaphorical transfer is operative in the use of directional verbs. Those marking an action toward the speaker (e.g., lâi ‘come’) are strongly associated with a positive attitude, while those expressing movement away from the speaker (e.g., khì ‘go’) are highly connected to an adversative mood. The omnipresence of [lâi V] suggests that it has been conventionalized as a default bundle to express politeness.
Microtubule-associated proteins promote microtubule generation in the absence of γ-tubulin in human colon cancer cells
Authors: Tsuchiya Kenta , Goshima Gohta
Published: November 2021

The γ-tubulin complex acts as the predominant microtubule (MT) nucleator that initiates MT formation and is therefore an essential factor for cell proliferation. Nonetheless, cellular MTs are formed after experimental depletion of the γ-tubulin complex, suggesting that cells possess other factors that drive MT nucleation. Here, by combining gene knockout, auxin-inducible degron, RNA interference, MT depolymerization/regrowth assay, and live microscopy, we identified four microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), ch-TOG, CLASP1, CAMSAPs, and TPX2, which are involved in γ-tubulin–independent MT generation in human colon cancer cells. In the mitotic MT regrowth assay, nucleated MTs organized noncentriolar MT organizing centers (ncMTOCs) in the absence of γ-tubulin. Depletion of CLASP1 or TPX2 substantially delayed ncMTOC formation, suggesting that these proteins might promote MT nucleation in the absence of γ-tubulin. In contrast, depletion of ch-TOG or CAMSAPs did not affect the timing of ncMTOC appearance. CLASP1 also accelerates γ-tubulin–independent MT regrowth during interphase. Thus, MT generation can be promoted by MAPs without the γ-tubulin template.
Insights into the adsorption of water and oxygen on the cubic CsPbBr3 surfaces: A first-principles study
Authors: Zhang Xin , Quhe Ruge , Lei Ming
Published: November 2021

The degradation mechanism of the all-inorganic perovskite solar cells in the ambient environment remains unclear. In this paper, water and oxygen molecule adsorptions on the all-inorganic perovskite (CsPbBr3) surface are studied by density-functional theory calculations. In terms of the adsorption energy, the water molecules are more susceptible than the oxygen molecules to be adsorbed on the CsPbBr3 surface. The water molecules can be adsorbed on both the CsBr- and PbBr-terminated surfaces, but the oxygen molecules tend to be selectively adsorbed on the CsBr-terminated surface instead of the PbBr-terminated one due to the significant adsorption energy difference. While the adsorbed water molecules only contribute deep states, the oxygen molecules introduce interfacial states inside the bandgap of the perovskite, which would significantly impact the chemical and transport properties of the perovskite. Therefore, special attention should be paid to reduce the oxygen concentration in the environment during the device fabrication process so as to improve the stability and performance of the CsPbBr3-based devices.
Quantum and quasiclassical dynamics of

C(3P)+H2(1Σg+)→H(2S)+CH(2Π)

Coriolis coupling effects and stereodynamics
Authors: Liu Dong , Zhang Lulu , Zhao Juan , Zhang Qin , Song Yuzhi , Meng Qingtian
Published: November 2021

The dynamics of C + H2 → H + CH reaction is theoretically studied using the quasiclassical trajectory and quantum mechanical wave packet methods. The analysis of reaction probabilities, integral cross sections, and rate coefficients reveal the essential Coriolis coupling effects in the quantum mechanical wave packet calculations. The calculated polarization-dependent differential cross section, P(θr
) and P(ϕr
) show that the
j
′ of product rotational angular momentum is not only aligned along the y axis and the direction of the vector
x
+
z
, but also strongly oriented along the positive y axis.
Temperature dependence of bismuth structures under high pressure
Authors: Fan Xiaobing , Xiang Shikai , Cai Lingcang
Published: November 2021

It is unclear whether there is a liquid–liquid phase transition or not in the bismuth melt at high temperature and high pressure. If so, it will be necessary to confirm the boundary of the liquid–liquid phase transition and clarify whether it is a first-order phase transition. Here, based on x-ray absorption spectra and simulations, the temperature dependence of bismuth structures is investigated under different pressures. According to the similarity of characteristic peaks of x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra, we estimate the possible temperature ranges of liquid–liquid phase transition to be 779–799 K at 2.74 GPa and 859–879 K at 2.78 GPa, 809–819 K at 3.38 GPa and 829–839 K at 3.39 GPa and 729–739 K at 4.78 GPa. Using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, we obtain the stable structures of the bismuth melt at different temperatures and pressures, and calculated their electronic structures. Meanwhile, two stable phases (phase III-like and phase IV-like) of bismuth melts are obtained from different initial phases of bismuth solids (phase III and phase IV) under the same condition (3.20 GPa and 800 K). Assuming that the bismuth melt undergoes a phase transition from IV-like to III-like between 809 K and 819 K at 3.38 GPa, the calculated electronic structures are consistent with the XANES spectra, which provides a possible explanation for the first-order liquid–liquid phase transition.
The correlation between ectoparasite infestation and total Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Super Intensive Ponds
Authors: Amalisa  , Mahasri Gunanti , Kismiyati
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to determine the type, intensity, degree of ectoparasite infestation and its correlation to the total V. parahaemolyticus bacteria in super-intensive pacific white shrimp culture. In this study, sampling was carried out in 3 super-intensive pacific white shrimp pond areas spread out in East Java, namely Bangil, Tuban, and Lamongan with 50 shrimps (PL30-PL 40). The obtained data underwent regression and correlation analysis. Based on the results, there were three types of ectoparasites, namely Zoothamnium sp., Epistylis sp. and Vorticella sp. High ectoparasite intensity was found in pacific white shrimp from Lamongan and Tuban ponds, namely 76 and 55 individuals/shrimp, respectively, showing the heavy infestation. High total V. parahaemolyticus bacteria was found in Tuban (1.16 × 105 CFU/gr) and Lamongan (1.16 × 105 CFU / gr) ponds. Based on the results, the coefficient value was R = 0.807 showing positive correlation of V. parahaemolyticus with the increasing parasite intensity and low oxygen levels.
The effectiveness of prostaglandin nanoparticles in corpus luteum regression
Authors: Kusumaningrum D A , Sianturi R S , Pamungkas F A , Wina E
Published: November 2021

Research examined the formation of prostaglandin nanoparticles and their effect on corpus luteum (CL) regression carried out at IRIAP. The nanoparticles formation was carried out using the ionic gelation method. The nanoparticles have a particle size of 316.80±0.14 nm, polydispersion index of 0,453±0,001, zeta potential of +17,40±0,85 mV with 69,69±8.81% hormone entrapment. The effectiveness of nanoparticle in CL regression was observed (prostaglandin vs prostaglandin nanoparticles) using ultrasound observation, hormone profile and estrus response. Further, the size of the ovulating follicle, the time of ovulation, the size of the CL and the onset of estrus after the administration of the prostaglandins were observed. The observation showed that the intramuscular administration of prostaglandin and prostaglandin nanoparticles did not significantly differ on the onset of estrus, time of ovulation, the ovulating follicle size, size of CL and progesterone concentration. The onset of estrus occurred on 2.50 ± 0.58 and 2.33 ± 0.52 days, the ovulation time after hormone administration was on days 3.50 ± 0.55 and 2.83 ± 0.75 with the ovulation follicle size of 16, 62 ± 0.96 and 17.03 ± 1.13 mm, while the CL measures at H-3 were 13.56 ± 2.28 and 10.45 ± 0.88, the progesterone H-2 concentrations were 0.299 and 0.395, respectively for prostaglandin and prostaglandin nanoparticles. It can be concluded that the formation of nanoparticles did not impair the effectiveness of hormones in CL regression so that it can be used to increase the effectiveness of estrus synchronization
Growth performance of 6th generation KUB-2 chicken
Authors: Komarudin K , Sartika T , Pratiwi N , Kostaman T
Published: November 2021

KUB-2 chicken is an improved local chicken originally from KUB-1 chicken. KUB-2 has been assembled in the Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production (IRIAP), and it has two sub-populations, namely KUB-2 Balai and KUB-2 kk. KUB-2 has dual purpose functions, for either meat or egg production. For farmers who raise a local chicken to yield meat, growth is an important trait. The study had the objective to evaluate the growth performance of KUB-2 chicken. About 2,540 6th generation KUB-2 chickens, consisting of 1,240 KUB-2 Balai and 1,300 KUB-2 kk were used in the study. Data were analyzed using a t-test. The average ten-week body weight of male and female KUB-2 kk was statistically higher than KUB-2 Balai (P<0.05). The ten-week body weight of KUB-2 Balai and KUB-2 kk chickens were 1,045.91 g and 1,211.80 g for males, and 832.74 g and 956.02 g for females. The feed conversion was 2.81 for KUB-2 Balai and 2.83 for KUB-2 kk chicken. For meat production, KUB-2 kk seemed more profitable compared to KUB-2 Balai since it had higher body weight and similar feed conversion. It also could be yielded at shorter age than KUB-2 Balai for the same body weight.