bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of External Electric-Field-Induced Crystallization of TKX-50 from Solution by Finite-Temperature String with Order Parameters as Collective Variables for Ionic Crystals
Authors: Ren Fude , Wang Xiaolei , Zhang Qing , Wang Xiaojun , Chang Lingling , Zhang Zhiteng
Published: March 2024

External electric fields are an effective tool to induce phase transformations. The crystallization of ionic crystals from solution is a common phase transformation. However, understanding of mechanisms is poor at the molecular level. In this work, we carried out an experimental and theoretical investigation of the external electric-field-induced crystallization of TKX-50 from saturated formic acid solution by finite-temperature string (FTS) with order parameters (OPs) as collective variables for ionic crystals. The minimum-free-energy path was sketched by the string method in collective variables. The results show that the K-means clustering algorithm based on Euclidean distance and density weights can be used for enhanced sampling of the OPs in external electric-field-induced crystallization of ionic crystal from solution, which improves the conventional FTS. The crystallization from solution is a process of surface-mediated nucleation. The external electric field can accelerate the evolution of the string and decrease the difference in the potential of mean forces between the crystal and the transition state. Due to the significant change in OPs induced by the external electric field in nucleation, the crystalline quality was enhanced, which explains the experimental results that the external electric field enhanced the density, detonation velocity, and detonation pressure of TKX-50. This work provides an effective way to explore the crystallization of ionic crystals from solution at the molecular level, and it is useful for improving the properties of ionic crystal explosives by using external electric fields.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants—Nile Blue, Methylene Blue, and Bentazon Herbicide—Using NiO-ZnO Nanocomposite
Authors: Yasmeen Sadaf , Burratti Luca , Duranti Leonardo , Sgreccia Emanuela , Prosposito Paolo
Published: March 2024

Water pollution poses a significant threat to both human health and ecosystem integrity. Chemical pollutants such as dyes and pesticides affect the water quality and endanger aquatic life. Among the methods for water purification from organic pollutants, photodegradation is certainly a valid technique to decrease such contaminants. In this work, pristine NiO, ZnO, and NiO-ZnO photocatalysts were synthesized by the homogeneous co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction confirms the formation of a photocatalyst consisting of ZnO (Hexagonal) and NiO (Cubic) structures. The crystalline size was calculated by the Scherrer formula, which is 19 nm for the NiO-ZnO photocatalyst. The band gap measurements of the prepared samples were obtained using the Tauc Plot, equation which is 2.93 eV, 3.35 eV and 2.63 eV for NiO, ZnO, and NiO-ZnO photocatalysts, respectively. The photocatalytic performance of NiO-ZnO nanocomposite was evaluated through the degradation of Methylene Blue and Nile Blue dyes under sunlight, and Bentazon herbicide under a UV light. Photocatalyst degradation efficiency was 95% and 97% for Methylene Blue and Nile Blue in 220 min under sunlight while a degradation of 70% for Bentazon after 100 min under UV light source was found.
Enhanced Aluminum-Ion Storage Properties of N-Doped Titanium Dioxide Electrode in Aqueous Aluminum-Ion Batteries
Authors: Jian Le , Wu Xibing , Li Ruichun , Zhao Fangzheng , Liu Peng , Wang Feng , Liu Daosheng , Yao Qingrong , Deng Jianqiu
Published: March 2024

Aqueous aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) have great potential as devices for future large-scale energy storage systems due to the cost efficiency, environmentally friendly nature, and impressive theoretical energy density of Al. However, currently, available materials used as anodes for aqueous AIBs are scarce. In this study, a novel sol-gel method was used to synthesize nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO2) as a potential anode material for AIBs in water. The annealed N-TiO2 showed a high discharge capacity of 43.2 mAh g−1 at a current density of 3 A g−1. Analysis of the electrode kinetics revealed that the N-TiO2 anodes exhibited rapid diffusion of aluminum ions, low resistance to charge transfer, and high electronic conductivity, enabling good rate performance. The successful implementation of a nitrogen-doping strategy provides a promising approach to enhance the electrochemical characteristics of electrode materials for aqueous AIBs.
Progress in the Elimination of Organic Contaminants in Wastewater by Activation Persulfate over Iron-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zhi Keke , Xu Jiajun , Li Shi , Luo Lingjie , Liu Dong , Li Zhe , Guo Lianghui , Hou Junwei
Published: March 2024

The release of organic contaminants has grown to be a major environmental concern and a threat to the ecology of water bodies. Persulfate-based Advanced Oxidation Technology (PAOT) is effective at eliminating hazardous pollutants and has an extensive spectrum of applications. Iron-based metal–organic frameworks (Fe-MOFs) and their derivatives have exhibited great advantages in activating persulfate for wastewater treatment. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of recent research progress on the significant potential of Fe-MOFs for removing antibiotics, organic dyes, phenols, and other contaminants from aqueous environments. Firstly, multiple approaches for preparing Fe-MOFs, including the MIL and ZIF series were introduced. Subsequently, removal performance of pollutants such as antibiotics of sulfonamides and tetracyclines (TC), organic dyes of rhodamine B (RhB) and acid orange 7 (AO7), phenols of phenol and bisphenol A (BPA) by various Fe-MOFs was compared. Finally, different degradation mechanisms, encompassing free radical degradation pathways and non-free radical degradation pathways were elucidated. This review explores the synthesis methods of Fe-MOFs and their application in removing organic pollutants from water bodies, providing insights for further refining the preparation of Fe-MOFs.
Modulation of Porcine Gut Microbiota and Microbiome: Hologenomic, Dietary, and Endogenous Factors
Authors: Fan Ming Z. , Kim Sung Woo
Published: March 2024

Global pig production contributes to about 35% of the world’s meat production and consumption [...]
Measles Virus-Induced Immune Amnesia and SARS-CoV-2 Evolution
Authors: Di Guardo Giovanni
Published: March 2024

An interesting article recently published in Science Translational Medicine reports a variable risk of persistent COVID-19 among patients affected by different immunodeficiency conditions [...]
The Effect of Microcrystalline Cellulose–CaHPO4 Mixtures in Different Volume Ratios on the Compaction and Structural–Mechanical Properties of Tablets
Authors: Mohylyuk Valentyn , Paulausks Artūrs , Radzins Oskars , Lauberte Liga
Published: March 2024

Using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) with plastic behaviour and calcium phosphate anhydrous (CaHPO4) with brittle behaviour under compaction is very popular in the pharmaceutical industry for achieving desirable structural–mechanical properties of tablet formulations. Thus, mixtures of specific grades of MCC and CaHPO4 were tested in volume proportions of 100-0, 75-25, 50-50, 25-75, and 0-100 at a constant weight-by-weight concentration of sodium stearyl fumarate lubricant, utilizing a state-of-the-art benchtop compaction simulator (STYL’One Nano). Tablet formulations were prepared at 100, 150, 250, 350, 450, and 500 MPa, and characterized by tabletability profile, ejection force profile, proportion–tensile strength relationship, proportion–porosity relationship, pressure–displacement, and elastic recovery profiles, as well as by in-/out-of-die Heckel plots and yield pressures. Interestingly, the 25-75 formulation demonstrated a two-stage out-of-die Heckel plot and was additionally investigated with X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT). By post-processing the µCT data, the degree of brittle CaHPO4 particles falling apart, along with the increasing compression pressure, was quantified by means of the surface area to volume (S/V) ratio. For the 25-75 formulation, the first stage (up to 150 MPa) and second stage (above the 150 MPa) of the out-of-die Heckel plot could be attributed to predominant MCC and CaHPO4 deformation, respectively.
Safety and Tolerability of KIO-101 Eye Drops in Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Ocular Surface Disease—A Phase I Study
Authors: Schmidl Doreen , Hommer Nikolaus , Kallab Martin , Schlatter Andreas , Nadvornik Clemens , Obermayr Franz , Sperl Stefan , Daniels Eric J. , Garhöfer Gerhard
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) have been found to be potent anti-inflammatory agents. Recently, a topical formulation (KIO-101 eye drops) of a DHODH inhibitor has been developed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of KIO-101 eye drops in Healthy Volunteers (HVs) and patients with conjunctival hyperemia. Methods: The study was carried out in a double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel-group design with two parts. In part I, HVs received single and multiple instillations (four times daily for 12 consecutive days) of KIO-101 eye drops in ascending doses of 0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.30%, respectively. Part II was conducted in patients with conjunctival hyperemia who received 0.15% KIO-101 eye drops twice daily for 12 consecutive days. Ophthalmic and systemic safety examinations were performed on all participants. In part II, ocular hyperemia grading and an ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire were performed. Results: 24 HVs participated in part I and 21 patients in part II. KIO-101 eye drops were well tolerated in all subjects. No serious adverse events (SAEs) occurred, and all AEs that were reported were transient and considered mild to moderate. In the highest dose cohort (0.30%), epistaxis occurred in two subjects after multiple instillations. In part II, after 12 days treatment with 0.15% KIO-101, conjunctival hyperemia decreased by −1.1 ± 0.27 points in the treatment and −0.6 ± 0.79 points in the placebo group (p = 0.0385). OSDI decreased from 47.9 ± 18.7 to 27.6 ± 19.13 points in the treatment group, while in the placebo group, a change from 41.3 ± 12.08 to 27.3 ± 18.63 points occurred. Conclusions: A 12-day treatment regimen with topical KIO-101 eye drops at low and mid doses was safe and well tolerated in both HVs and patients with conjunctival hyperemia. The obtained results point towards an early sign of reduction in conjunctival hyperemia.
Evaluation of Virus-Free Chrysanthemum ‘Hangju’ Productivity and Response to Virus Reinfection in the Field: Molecular Insights into Virus–Host Interactions
Authors: Du Xuejie , Zhan Xinqiao , Gu Xueting , Liu Xinyi , Mao Bizeng
Published: March 2024

The shoot apical meristem culture has been used widely to produce virus-free plantlets which have the advantages of strong disease resistance, high yield, and prosperous growth potential. However, this virus-free plant will be naturally reinfected in the field. The physiological and metabolic responses in the reinfected plant are still unknown. The flower of chrysanthemum ‘Hangju’ is a traditional medicine which is unique to China. In this study, we found that the virus-free ‘Hangju’ (VFH) was reinfected with chrysanthemum virus B/R in the field. However, the reinfected VFH (RVFH) exhibited an increased yield and medicinal components compared with virus-infected ‘Hangju’ (VIH). Comparative analysis of transcriptomes was performed to explore the molecular response mechanisms of the RVFH to CVB infection. A total of 6223 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the RVFH vs. the VIH. KEGG enrichment and physiological analyses indicated that treatment with the virus-free technology significantly mitigated the plants’ lipid and galactose metabolic stress responses in the RVFH. Furthermore, GO enrichment showed that plant viral diseases affected salicylic acid (SA)-related processes in the RVFH. Specifically, we found that phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) genes played a major role in defense-related SA biosynthesis in ‘Hangju’. These findings provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant virus–host interactions and have implications for developing strategies to improve plant resistance against viruses.
A Novel Sorbitol-Based Flow Cytometry Buffer Is Effective for Genome Size Estimation across a Cypriot Grapevine Collection
Authors: Michael Kyriakos , Andreou Constantina , Markou Anastasia , Christoforou Michalakis , Nikoloudakis Nikolaos
Published: March 2024

Flow cytometry (FCM) is a widely used technique to study genome size (C-value), but recalcitrant metabolites in grapevines often hinder its efficiency in grapevine research. The aim of the present study was (i) to develop a novel buffer tailormade for the nuclei isolation of grapevines and (ii) to characterize a Cypriot germplasm collection based on C-values. A local cultivar “Xinisteri” was used as a pilot test to evaluate a Sorbitol-based buffer, while sprouting, young, and fully matured leaves were examined to evaluate the developmental parameter. The novel Sorbitol buffer was shown to have a coefficient of variation (CV) of 4.06%, indicating improved properties compared to other commonly used FCM buffers [WPB (7.69%), LB01 (6.69%), and LB (7.13%), respectively]. In addition, a significant variation in genome size between genotypes was found in a comprehensive application with 24 grape varieties. Nucleic content (2C) ranged from 0.577/1C pg for the “Assyrtiko” cultivar up to 0.597/1C pg for the “Spourtiko” cultivar, revealing a 17.6/1C Mbp difference. The lowest coefficient of variation (CV) across all entries was found in the variety “Ofthalmo” (2.29%), while the highest was observed in “Pinot Noir” (3.44%). Anova analysis revealed several distinct clusters, showing that in several cases, C-values can be used as a simple method to distinguish grapevine cultivars.
Romanian Wild-Growing Chelidonium majus—An Emerging Approach to a Potential Antimicrobial Engineering Carrier System Based on AuNPs: In Vitro Investigation and Evaluation
Authors: Segneanu Adina-Elena , Vlase Gabriela , Vlase Titus , Ciocalteu Maria-Viorica , Bejenaru Cornelia , Buema Gabriela , Bejenaru Ludovic Everard , Boia Eugen Radu , Dumitru Andrei , Boia Simina
Published: March 2024

Novel nanotechnology based on herbal products aspires to be a high-performing therapeutic platform. This study reports the development of an original engineering carrier system that jointly combines the pharmacological action of Chelidonium majus and AuNPs, with unique properties that ensure that the limitations imposed by low stability, toxicity, absorption, and targeted and prolonged release can be overcome. The metabolite profile of Romanian wild-grown Chelidonium majus contains a total of seventy-four phytochemicals belonging to eight secondary metabolite categories, including alkaloids, amino acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, fatty acids, sterols, and miscellaneous others. In this study, various techniques (XRD, FTIR, SEM, DLS, and TG/DTG) were employed to investigate his new carrier system’s morpho-structural and thermal properties. In vitro assays were conducted to evaluate the antioxidant potential and release profile. The results indicate 99.9% and 94.4% dissolution at different pH values for the CG-AuNPs carrier system and 93.5% and 85.26% for greater celandine at pH 4 and pH 7, respectively. Additionally, three in vitro antioxidant assays indicated an increase in antioxidant potential (flavonoid content 3.8%; FRAP assay 24.6%; and DPPH 24.4%) of the CG-AuNPs carrier system compared to the herb sample. The collective results reflect the system’s promising perspective as a new efficient antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory candidate with versatile applications, ranging from target delivery systems, oral inflammation (periodontitis), and anti-age cosmetics to extending the shelf lives of products in the food industry.
Phytoremediation Potential of Different Genotypes of Salix alba and S. viminalis
Authors: Urošević Jelena , Stanković Dragica , Jokanović Dušan , Trivan Goran , Rodzkin Aleh , Jović Đorđe , Jovanović Filip
Published: March 2024

Elevated concentrations of heavy metals result in soil degradation, a reduction in plant yields, and a lower quality of agricultural products, which directly endangers people, animals, and the ecosystem. The potential of three clones of Salix alba (347, NS 73/6, and B-44) and one genotype of S. viminalis for the phytoextraction of heavy metals was investigated, with the aim of identifying the most physiologically suitable willow genotypes for use in soil phytoremediation. The experiment was placed on the contaminated soil substrate collected in Kolubara Mining Basin (Serbia), enriched by high loads of heavy metal salts, and a control medium. Significant differences in the concentrations of heavy metals were recorded between the contaminated and control plant material, especially when it comes to nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), confirming that S. alba and S. viminalis are hyperaccumulator species of heavy metals. Clone 347 shows the greatest uptake of Cd and chromium (Cr), and clone B-44 takes up these metals only to a lesser extent, while clone NS 73/6 shows a less pronounced uptake of Cr. The roots have the greatest ability to accumulate Ni and Pb, Cu is absorbed by all plant organs, while Cd is absorbed by the leaves. The organ that showed the greatest ability to accumulate heavy metals was the root, which means that willows have a limited power to translocate heavy metals to above-ground organs. The studied genotypes of S. alba have a higher potential for the phytostabilization of Cu and Cd, as well as the phytoextraction of Cd, compared with S. viminalis. The results confirm the assumption of differences between different willow genotypes in terms of the ability to phytoextract certain heavy metals from soil, which is important information when selecting genotypes for soil phytoremediation.
A 3D-Printed Scaffold for Repairing Bone Defects
Authors: Dong Jianghui , Ding Hangxing , Wang Qin , Wang Liping
Published: March 2024

The treatment of bone defects has always posed challenges in the field of orthopedics. Scaffolds, as a vital component of bone tissue engineering, offer significant advantages in the research and treatment of clinical bone defects. This study aims to provide an overview of how 3D printing technology is applied in the production of bone repair scaffolds. Depending on the materials used, the 3D-printed scaffolds can be classified into two types: single-component scaffolds and composite scaffolds. We have conducted a comprehensive analysis of material composition, the characteristics of 3D printing, performance, advantages, disadvantages, and applications for each scaffold type. Furthermore, based on the current research status and progress, we offer suggestions for future research in this area. In conclusion, this review acts as a valuable reference for advancing the research in the field of bone repair scaffolds.
Post-Heat Flexural Properties of Siloxane-Modified Epoxy/Phenolic Composites Reinforced by Glass Fiber
Authors: Ji Yundong , Zhang Xinchen , Wang Changzeng , Li Shuxin , Cao Dongfeng
Published: March 2024

The post-heat mechanical property is one of the important indices for the fire-resistance evaluation of fiber-reinforced polymers. At present, the primary approach to improving the post-heat mechanical property of a material involves incorporating inorganic fillers; yet, the enhancement is limited, and is accompanied by a reduction in room-temperature performance and processability. This study prepares glass-fiber-reinforced composites with elevated mechanical properties after heat through utilizing two variants of epoxy resins modified with polysiloxane, phenolic resin, kaolin, and graphite. In comparison to the phenolic samples, the phenylpropylsiloxane-modified epoxy resulted in a 115% rise in post-heat flexural strength and a 70% increase in the room-temperature flexural strength of phenolic composites. On the other hand, dimethylsiloxane-modified epoxy leads to a 117% improvement in post-heat flexural strength but a 44% decrease in the room-temperature flexural strength of phenolic composites. Macroscopic/microscopic morphologies and a residual structure model of the composites after heat reveal that, during high temperature exposure, the pyrolysis products of polysiloxane promote interactions between carbon elements and fillers, thus preserving more residues and improving the dimensional stability as well as the density of materials. Consequently, a notable enhancement is observed in both the post-heat flexural strength and the mass of carbon residue after the incorporation of polysiloxane and fillers into the materials. The pyrolysis products of polysiloxane-modified epoxy play a vital role in enhancing the post-heat flexural strength by promoting carbon retention, carbon fixation, and interactions with fillers, offering novel pathways for the development of advanced composites with superior fire-resistance properties.
Increasing the Adhesion of Bitumen to the Surface of Mineral Fillers through Modification with a Recycled Polymer and Surfactant Obtained from Oil Refining Waste
Authors: Dyuryagina Antonina , Byzova Yuliya , Ostrovnoy Kirill , Demyanenko Alexandr , Lutsenko Aida , Shirina Tatyana
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to optimize the processes of wetting fillers by varying the content of such additives as a surfactant and polymer in bitumen–mineral compositions in order to achieve optimal performance. The cosine of the contact angle was used as a criterion for assessing the adhesion of the bitumen binder to the surface of crushed stone. The effect of the additives’ concentration on surface tension and adhesive efficiency in binary and ternary bitumen compositions was studied. The following chemicals were used as additives: the original product AS-1, industrial additive AMDOR-10, and used sealant AG-4I, a product based on polyisobutylene and petroleum oils. AS-1 was obtained from the oil refining waste in the laboratory of M. Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University. The ternary “bitumen–AG-4I–AS-1” composition provided a maximum decrease in the contact angle by 15.96° (gray crushed stone) and by 14.06° (red crushed stone) relative to original bitumen, providing better wettability of the mineral filler particles with the bitumen, and as a result, maximum adhesion between the bitumen and crushed stone. The optimal performance of the bitumen–mineral composition was recorded with the joint presence of additives in the bitumen: AS-1 at a level of 1.0 g/dm3 and AG-4I at a level of 1.0 g/dm3.
FAIRness of Research Data in the European Humanities Landscape
Authors: Poljak Bilić Ljiljana , Posavec Kristina
Published: March 2024

This paper explores the landscape of research data in the humanities in the European context, delving into their diversity and the challenges of defining and sharing them. It investigates three aspects: the types of data in the humanities, their representation in repositories, and their alignment with the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable). By reviewing datasets in repositories, this research determines the dominant data types, their openness, licensing, and compliance with the FAIR principles. This research provides important insight into the heterogeneous nature of humanities data, their representation in the repository, and their alignment with FAIR principles, highlighting the need for improved accessibility and reusability to improve the overall quality and utility of humanities research data.
Investigation of the Effectiveness of the Robotic ReStore Soft Exoskeleton in the Development of Early Mobilization, Walking, and Coordination of Stroke Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kóra Szilvia , Bíró Adrienn , Prontvai Nándor , Androsics Mónika , Drotár István , Prukner Péter , Haidegger Tamás , Széphelyi Klaudia , Tollár József
Published: March 2024

Medical robotics nowadays can prevent, treat, or alleviate numerous severe conditions, including the dire consequences of stroke. Our objective was to determine the effect of employing a robotic soft exoskeleton in therapy on the development of the early mobilization, gait, and coordination in stroke patients. The ReStore™ Soft Exo-Suit, a wearable exosuit developed by a leading company with exoskeleton technology, was utilized. It is a powered, lightweight device intended for use in stroke rehabilitation for people with lower limb disability. We performed a randomized clinical intervention, using a before–after trial design in a university hospital setting. A total of 48 patients with a history of stroke were included, of whom 39 were randomized and 30 completed the study. Interventions: Barthel Index and modified Rankin scale (mRS) patients were randomly assigned to a non-physical intervention control (n = 9 of 39 completed, 30 withdrew before baseline testing), or to a high-intensity agility program (15 sessions, 5 weeks, n = 30 completed). The main focus of assessment was on the Modified Rankin Scale. Additionally, we evaluated secondary factors including daily life functionality, five dimensions of health-related quality of life, the Beck depression inventory, the 6 min walk test (6MWT), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and static balance (center of pressure). The Robot-Assisted Gait Therapy (ROB/RAGT) program led to significant improvements across various measures, including a 37% improvement in Barthel Index scores, a 56% increase in 10 m walking speed, and a 68% improvement in 6 min walking distance, as well as notable enhancements in balance and stability. Additionally, the intervention group demonstrated significant gains in all these aspects compared to the control group. In conclusion, the use of robotic therapy can be beneficial in stroke rehabilitation. These devices support the restoration and improvement of movement in various ways and contribute to restoring balance and stability.
Excluded but Fighting: Where Are the Voices of Sex Workers and Their Allies in EU Anti-Trafficking Policymaking?
Authors: Ferčíková Konečná Irena
Published: March 2024

The ‘end demand’ approach to prostitution has been popping up in Europe through the anti-trafficking debate and receives increasing attention on the international agenda. It is well recognized that improving workers’ rights, increasing unionization and collective bargaining coverage are effective strategies for tackling trafficking. However, with regard to sexual exploitation, focus is not on these strategies but instead on the abolition of the entire sex industry with the help of criminal justice systems. In first decade after the Palermo Protocol (2000), international organizations (IGOs) promoted a human rights-based approach to tackling trafficking, aiming to balance the criminal justice focus of the protocol. This work guided states on how to maintain and protect human rights while combating human trafficking. However, the explosive issue of sex work/prostitution was minimized, with IGOs avoiding the topic due to the fragile consensus about the definition of human trafficking and state obligations. Meanwhile, sex workers’ collectives and unions globally and throughout Europe developed their own strategies on how to address widespread criminalization, discrimination, violence and exploitation, with no or very limited funding and resources—and without recognition of their work, experience and expertise. This article presents how the European Sex Workers’ Rights Alliance (ESWA) and other sex workers’ rights civil society organizations have sought to challenge the harmful impacts of the ‘end demand’ discourse and the criminalization of sex work in the name of anti-trafficking in Europe.
Metabolomic and Proteomic Profiling of Athletes Performing Physical Activity under Hypoxic Conditions
Authors: Malsagova Kristina A. , Kopylov Arthur T. , Stepanov Alexander A. , Kulikova Liudmila I. , Izotov Alexander A. , Yurku Ksenia A. , Balakin Evgenii I. , Pustovoyt Vasiliy I. , Kaysheva Anna L.
Published: March 2024

Proteomic and metabolomic research enables quantitation of the molecular profile of athletes. Multiomic profiling was conducted using plasma samples collected from 18 male athletes performing aerobic activity (running) at high altitude. Metabolomic profiling detected changes in the levels of 4-hydroxyproline, methionine, oxaloacetate, and tyrosine during the recovery period. Furthermore, proteomic profiling revealed changes in expression of proteins contributing to the function of the immune system, muscle damage, metabolic fitness and performance, as well as hemostasis. Further research should focus on developing metabolic models to monitor training intensity and athlete adaptation.
Chasing Comfort in the Chill: Simulating the Impact of Opened Streamlines on Microclimatic Conditions, Thermal Comfort and Building Facades in Cold Climate Cities
Authors: Dursun Defne , Yavaş Merve
Published: March 2024

This project aims to evaluate the impact of water surfaces on urban microclimate change and the presence of water in dense urban areas on the heating and cooling loads of buildings by proposing the rehabilitation of urban water resources. It mainly questions whether favorable outcomes for urban microclimate may be expected at the local level with the rehabilitation of water bodies and the contribution of repaired water lines to energy savings in nearby buildings. The analyses are made for Erzurum, the coldest climate city in Türkiye, by using the ENVI-met program, a dynamic simulation tool widely used for microclimate analysis. The analyses use the meteorological data recorded on the site during the same years’ summer and winter periods. The microclimate change caused by the green areas, which involve the opening of covered streamlines, was estimated, and the change in the energy load of buildings was quantitatively analyzed. The findings show that rehabilitation of water lines in urban areas improved microclimate conditions and provided energy-saving opportunities for buildings. Thus, policy-makers should produce more green spaces, including water surfaces, in urban areas to improve the adaptation capacity of cities and mitigate the negative effects of climate change.
Implementation of Integrated Environmental Management and Its Specialized Engineering Education in Korea: A Case Study
Authors: Park Da-Som , Kang Moon-Seok , Chae Chan-Byeong , Sunwoo Young , Hong Ki-Ho
Published: March 2024

Integrated environmental management (IEM) is an effective approach that comprehensively reviews the impact of pollutants emitted from a facility on the surrounding environment and minimizes pollution emissions through optimal, economically feasible means. The IEM system in Korea, as derived from countries in the European Union and other advanced countries, has been in force since 2017. This study presents the primary components and features of the IEM system in Korea. IEM specialized education is aimed at introducing expertise in the field and equipping learners with various skills upon completion, including in-depth research skills, to meet Korea’s stringent requirements. Regular performance checks and surveys of program participants are conducted to confirm objective results. Based on these data, the program is improved according to expert opinions and contributes numerous engineering inputs for environmentally sustainable management. The education system can be used to develop and apply processes for training system operation personnel in many countries interested in adapting IEM, as well as in Europe, which already utilizes an IEM system.
Exposure to Wind as a Threat to the Sustainable Development of Small Towns in the Zhambyl Region (Kazakhstan)
Authors: Kaimuldinova Kulyash , Aliaskarov Duman , Laiskhanov Shakhislam , Wendt Jan A. , Muzdybayeva Karlygash
Published: March 2024

Currently, global urbanization trends offer various development models, but their main goal is to create a comfortable and safe environment for city residents. Most cities in Kazakhstan are small in scale and face several pressing problems, such as limited infrastructure, inadequate public services, economic challenges resulting in unemployment, environmental problems, and housing shortages. In this article, using the examples of the towns of Zhanatas and Karatau, an attempt was made to indicate the threat posed by wind to the sustainable development of monocities in the Zhambyl region. The working hypothesis of our study is that state policy supporting the sustainable development of small towns is insufficient and should be changed. Theoretical, empirical, and cartographic methods were used during the research, depending on the specificity of the analyzed territories. The unique climatic features of the cities of Karatau and Zhanatas, which are located in the study area, were taken into account and unfavorable meteorological phenomena were analyzed. The collected data were used to assess the impact of climatic conditions on the sustainable development of small towns in the study area. The research’s results allow one not only to determine the impact of wind exposure on the sustainable development of small towns in the Zhambyl region, but also constitute a basis for assessing, more generally, the opportunities and threats relevant to small towns.
The Strategy of Continuous Commutation Failure Suppression by Combining Turn-off Angle Compensation and Dynamic Nonlinear VDCOL
Authors: Liu Hewei , Jin Guobin
Published: March 2024

In recent years, with the continuous growth in China’s economy, the continuous advancement of urbanization and industrialization, the contradiction between rapid economic development and the continuous reduction in traditional fossil energy reserves such as coal, oil, and natural gas, the continuous aggravation of environmental pollution has become increasingly prominent. In this era, clean energy power generation technologies such as hydropower, wind power, and solar power generation, which have the advantages of renewability, environmental protection, and economy, have developed rapidly. However, wind and photovoltaic power plants are often located in remote areas, which means significant losses in the transmission process. High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission technology becomes the best choice to solve this problem. The HVDC transmission system based on a grid commutator is widely used in China’s AC-DC hybrid power grid. When an AC fault occurs on the inverter side, the line-commutated converter high-voltage direct current (LCC-HVDC) system is more prone to continuous commutation failure, which brings serious harm to system operation. To better suppress the problem of continuous commutation failure on the contravariant side, this paper analyzes the mechanism of continuous commutation failure from multiple angles. The DC current command sensitivity of a voltage-dependent current order limiter (VDCOL) in the LCC-HVDC system is low, which will lead to different degrees of continuous commutation failure. In addition, the rapid rise in DC current and the drop in commutation voltage during the fault will cause the turn-off angle to drop, and the probability of continuous commutation failure of the system will increase significantly. Based on the above theoretical analysis, a new control strategy combining the dynamic compensation of the turn-off angle of a virtual inductor and the suppression of continuous commutation failure by dynamic nonlinear VDCOL is proposed. A dynamic nonlinear VDCOL control strategy is proposed for the low sensitivity of current command adjustment under conventional VDCOL control. Secondly, two concepts of virtual inductance and DC current change rate are introduced, and a control strategy based on virtual inductance is proposed to comprehensively ensure that the switching angle has sufficient commutation margin during fault recovery. Finally, based on the CIGRE standard test model in PSCAD/EMTDC, the accuracy of the correlation mechanism analysis and the effectiveness of the suppression method are verified.
A Tale of Two Divvys: The Bicycle Sharing System of Chicago
Authors: Bergman Zinette , Allenspach Nicolas , Bergman Manfred Max
Published: March 2024

How did Chicago develop one of the largest and most successful Bicycle Sharing Systems in a very short time, what benefits does this system afford to the city and its residents, and what developments threaten this success? Urban areas benefit significantly and in a variety of ways from micromobility, which contributes to an urgently needed sustainability transformation. In this qualitative, exploratory case study, we examine the foundations of the success and types of benefits of the second largest bicycle sharing system in North America, the City of Chicago’s Divvy. We juxtapose our data, which consists of participant and non-participant observations, fieldwork, interviews, documents, and social media posts, with a typology gleaned from the academic literature on bicycle sharing systems to explore Divvy’s wide-ranging positive impact. This typology includes economic, environmental, health and safety, and quality of life benefits. In addition, we identify two further benefits from our data: modularity and zoetic capacity. Despite this impact, we show how the consequences of changes in the ownership structure since 2018 are threatening the success and benefits. The emerging service model is no longer based on the initial pillars of its success: the city’s policy and vision for Divvy, the funding and ownership structure, and the strategic deployment of bicycle stations to balance demand potential with locational equity. Based on our study, we conclude that it is unlikely that the new micromobility system, refocused on more profitable e-bike and e-scooter rentals in privileged neighborhoods, is viable in the long term because it is abandoning the core values that embedded Divvy into the fabric of the city. Worse, the emergent model may actually contribute to a systematic exclusion of poorer neighborhoods and less privileged residents of Chicago.
Processing of Legume Green Manures Slowdowns C Release, Reduces N Losses and Increases N Synchronisation Index for Two Years
Authors: Toleikiene Monika , Arlauskiene Ausra , Suproniene Skaidre , Sarunaite Lina , Capaite Gabriele , Kadziuliene Zydre
Published: March 2024

The number of livestock farms decreased by 40% in Europe over the last 10-year period. Stockless organic cropping systems started to dominate in many intensive agricultural regions in Europe. Developing the sustainable management of an organic stockless agroecosystem is related to guaranteeing self-sufficiency in nitrogen (N) supply, maintaining high grain yields, and promoting carbon (C) sequestration in the soil. The aim of this study was to investigate if the processed legume green manures can be an alternative to granulated cattle manure and direct ploughing of legume biomass in order to develop the sustainability of the stockless organic cropping system. The decomposition rate and C and N release were observed for green manures made of fermented red clover and composted red clover with wheat straw. Fresh red clover biomass and granulated cattle manure were used for the comparison. Results of the 3-year field experiment showed that technologically processed legume biomass had a positive effect on the productivity of crops at least two years in rotation. Fermented red clover and red clover compost increased N use efficiency by 15% and biomass output efficiency by 16% compared with fresh red clover biomass. Processed legume green manures significantly increased the synchronisation index between crop N demand and N supply. In autumn, incorporated fresh red clover biomass lost 65.6% of its initial C and 37.6 kg ha−1 (50.1%) of its initial N under decomposition in the first non-growing season. It also increased mineral N losses deeper into the subsoil by 52.7%. Meanwhile, fermented red clover and red clover compost released 43% of its N during the first crop growing season, sustained at least one year slower C release to the soil, promoted ecosystem productivity, prevented mineral N losses to subsoil and gained high N synchrony indexes. The best N synchrony was achieved using fermented red clover, with a higher decomposition rate positively significantly correlated (r = 0.47–0.78, p < 0.05) with grain yield, total biomass, protein content and total N accumulated in the plant of spring wheat and spring barley.
Changes in Concurrent Meteorological Extremes of Rainfall and Heat under Divergent Climatic Trajectories in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area
Authors: Wang Mo , Chen Zijing , Zhang Dongqing , Liu Ming , Yuan Haojun , Chen Biyi , Rao Qiuyi , Zhou Shiqi , Wang Yuankai , Li Jianjun , Fan Chengliang , Tan Soon Keat
Published: March 2024

Concurrent meteorological extremes (CMEs) represent a class of pernicious climatic events characterized by the coexistence of two extreme weather phenomena. Specifically, the juxtaposition of Urban Extreme Rainfall (UER) and Urban Extreme Heat (UEH) can precipitate disproportionately deleterious impacts on both ecological systems and human well-being. In this investigation, we embarked on a meticulous risk appraisal of CMEs within China’s Greater Bay Area (GBA), harnessing the predictive capabilities of three shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) namely, SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5, in conjunction with the EC-Earth3-Veg-LR model from the CMIP6 suite. The findings evidence a pronounced augmentation in CME occurrences, most notably under the SSP1-2.6 trajectory. Intriguingly, the SSP5-8.5 pathway, typified by elevated levels of greenhouse gas effluents, prognosticated the most intense CMEs, albeit with a temperate surge upon occurrence. Additionally, an ascendant trend in the ratio of CMEs to the aggregate of UER and UEH portends an escalating susceptibility to these combined events in ensuing decades. A sensitivity analysis accentuated the pivotal interplay between UER and UEH as a catalyst for the proliferation of CMEs, modulated by alterations in their respective marginal distributions. Such revelations accentuate the imperative of assimilating intricate interdependencies among climatic anomalies into evaluative paradigms for devising efficacious climate change countermeasures. The risk assessment paradigm proffered herein furnishes a formidable instrument for gauging the calamitous potential of CMEs in a dynamically shifting climate, thereby refining the precision of prospective risk estimations.
Utilization of Nano Silica and Plantain Leaf Ash for Improving Strength Properties of Expansive Soil
Authors: Alshawmar Fahad
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the effect of nanosilica and plantain leaf ash on the sustainable stabilization of expansive soil. This study conducted various strength tests, including Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), direct shear, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests, to analyze the enhancement of mechanical properties by adding nano silica and plantain leaf ash. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis was conducted to investigate the interaction mechanism between the soil and the combination of nano silica and plantain leaf ash. Three different combinations of plantain leaf ash were utilized, ranging from 5% to 15%, alongside nano silica ranging from 0.4% to 1.2%. The reinforced soil’s compressive strength, shear strength, and bearing capacity were assessed through UCS, direct shear, and CBR tests. The results demonstrated significant improvements in compressive strength, up to 4.6 times, and enhancements in cohesion and frictional angle, up to 3.3 and 1.6 times, respectively, at 28 days. Moreover, the addition of nano silica and plantain leaf ash led to increased bearing capacity and reduced soil swelling potential, contributing to the overall stability and strength improvement in expansive soil. The SEM test results demonstrate that maximum bonding and compaction occur when 1.2% nano silica and 15% plantain leaf ash are added to the soil.
A Holistic Modular Solution for Energy and Seismic Renovation of Buildings Based on 3D-Printed Thermoplastic Materials
Authors: Lopes Lucas , Penazzato Luca , Reis Daniel C. , Almeida Manuela , Oliveira Daniel V. , Lourenço Paulo B.
Published: March 2024

This paper introduces a novel modular retrofitting solution to enhance the energy efficiency and seismic resilience of building façades, particularly within the Portuguese context. In the context of Europe’s “Renovation Wave” strategy, and as a product of the nationally funded ZeroSkin+ project, the proposed renovation solution addresses the urgent need for sustainable building renovations to help mitigate climate change and meet European climate neutrality goals by 2050. Unlike traditional methods that often rely on non-eco-friendly materials without integrating seismic and thermal performances, the renovation solution leverages fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing technology to introduce a dual-layered panel system. This system features a durable, UV-resistant PET-G thermoplastic outer layer and a cork interior to ensure additional thermal insulation. The integrated renovation solution shows a 42% improvement in seismic reinforcement’s out-of-plane capacity and achieves U-values as low as 0.30 W/m2·K, exceeding Portugal’s thermal efficiency standards (0.35 to 0.50 W/m2·K). The proposed renovation solution also embraces circular economy principles, emphasising waste reduction and recyclability.
How Contingency Adjusts Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the Tourism Industry: A Quasi-Experiment in China
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhang Tao , Wang Xi , Zheng Jiansong , Zhao You , Cai Rongjiang , Liu Xia , Jia Qiaoran , Zhu Zehua , Jiang Xiaolong
Published: March 2024

Numerous organizational researchers have acknowledged that COVID-19 reduced the profit in the tourism industry. Some tourism firms decreased the cost by reducing the investment of CSR in order to increase the profit. However, the relevant literature remains scarce. The main purpose of this study is to explore the effect of COVID-19 on CSR investment in the tourism industry. This study fills the gap between stakeholder and cost stickiness theories. Based on a quasi-experiment of listed Chinese tourism companies from 2017 to 2021, the study finds that COVID-19 caused tourism firms to increase strategic CSR and decrease a responsive one. In addition, tourism firms that adopted cost leadership strategies trimmed responsive CSR more than strategic CSR. Tourism firms with differentiation leadership strategies increased strategic and decreased responsive CSR. Tourism firms with higher levels of political connections increased responsive CSR, while tourism firms with higher organizational resilience increased strategic CSR. At the theoretical level, this study reveals the theoretical mechanism of COVID-19 on tourism firms’ adjustment of CSR from the perspective of cost stickiness. On a practical level, it helps inform tourism firms’ decision-making regarding CSR adjustments for sustainable development when they face widespread crisis scenarios.