bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Spiritual Group Therapy on Psychological Well-Being and Self-Efficacy of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Tehran in 2023
Authors: Avarsin Farideh Maleki , Pirkhaefi Alireza , Golkar Maryam Kalhornia
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Diabetes, as one of the common causes of mortality worldwide, extends beyond physical aspects and can impact psychological and emotional dimensions as well. Therefore, the present research aimed to determine the effectiveness of spiritual therapy on the psychological well-being and self-efficacy of patients with type 2 diabetes in Tehran.
Methods: This study was a semi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest and a three-month follow-up design with a control group. The study population consisted of all the patients with type 2 diabetes who attended treatment centers in Tehran (Masih Daneshvari, Nikan, and the Iranian Diabetes Association) from August to November 2023. Among the patients, 37 were selected using purposive sampling and were randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group (N=18) and the control group (N=19). The data collection tools included a demographic information form, the standardized Ryff's scale of psychological well-being– short form (Cronbach's alpha= 0/72), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (Cronbach's alpha= 0/83). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS-21 software. Additionally, given the different stages of measurement (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up), repeated measures ANOVA was used for data analysis.
Results: The results indicated that spiritual therapy led to an increase in psychological well-being (F=132/56, P<0/001) and self-efficacy (F=15/51, P<0/001) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, the effect size of spiritual therapy on psychological well-being was 79%, and self-efficacy was 31%, and the sustainability of its effects was observed up to three months after treatment.
Conclusion: The findings suggest the impact of spiritual therapy on enhancing psychological well-being and self-efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is recommended that, in addition to the routine treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes, spiritual therapy be utilized to enhance the psychological well-being of the patients.
The Effect of Eight Weeks of Selected Vestibular Exercises on Functional Balance, Walking Speed and Quality of Life of Sedentary Elderly Men
Authors: Farrokhnejad Zahra , Abrishami Ladan Hosseini , Shenas Atena Yazdan , Hosseini Sayedeh Saeedeh
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Aging and sedentary lifestyle are associated with a decrease in physical and mental abilities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of selected vestibular exercises on functional balance, walking speed, and quality of life of sedentary elderly men.
Methods: This semi-experimental research was conducted from the winter of 1402 to the summer of 1403 with the participation of 30 sedentary elderly men from Tawheed Golmkan Elderly Care Center in Mashhad. The samples were selected purposefully and based on previous studies (25) and were divided into two experimental and control groups of 15 people. The experimental group performed selected vestibular exercises three sessions a week for eight weeks, while the control group did not perform any exercises. Dynamic comparison test, 10-meter walking speed and short-term life questionnaire were used to evaluate the quality of life. Data analysis was performed using Shapiro-Wilk test, analysis of covariance, and t-test at a significance level of P<0/05.
Results: The results of paired t test showed that dynamic balance (P=0/001), walking speed (P=0/001), and quality of life (P=0/001) of the experimental group improved significantly after the exercise program.  This was while there was no improvement in the control group. The covariance results did not show a significant difference between the groups in the pre-test phase, but there was a significant increase in the scores of the experimental group in the post-test phase.
Conclusion: It is recommended to use exercises to prevent the disabilities of the elderly and improve their quality of independent life.
Habilidades del Siglo XXI y Estrategias Comunicativas: una oportunidad para el desarrollo de la Competencia Comunicativa en inglés
Authors: Sarmiento Giraldo Jairo Andrés , Vela Saavedra Jhonatan , Serna Restrepo Jhon Alexander
Published: September 2024

El presente estudio cuantitativo de alcance descriptivo tuvo como objetivo principal identificar el impacto de una estrategia basada en el modelo enGauge: 21st Century Skills: Literacy in the Digital Age y en estrategias comunicativas en el nivel de inglés de estudiantes de grados décimo y once de nueve instituciones públicas del departamento del Quindío, Colombia. En un primer momento, la pre prueba permitió identificar que los estudiantes contaban con niveles -A, A1 y A2 en las diferentes habilidades (escucha, oralidad, gramática, vocabulario, lectura y escritura). Después de la aplicación del programa, se evidenció una mejoría estadísticamente significativa en todas las habilidades permitiendo concluir que con el diseño de actividades que involucren el pensamiento crítico, la resolución de problemas, el trabajo en equipo y demás habilidades requeridas para el ciudadano del siglo XXI, es posible alcanzar los niveles esperados de suficiencia en lengua extranjera por el Ministerio de Educación Nacional de Colombia.
Kontrola operacyjna Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego
Authors: Florczak Kamil
Published: September 2024

Celem artykułu jest omówienie kontroli operacyjnej na przykładzie ustawy o Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego i Agencji Wywiadu. Środek ten, potocznie zwany inwigilacją, jest jedną z najdotkliwszych ingerencji w konstytucyjnie zagwarantowaną wolność komunikowania się. Głównym uzasadnieniem dla podejmowania tak daleko idących środków jest bezpieczeństwo państwa czy wykrywanie i zapobieganie przestępstwom. Autor objaśnia instytucję kontroli operacyjnej na gruncie wspomnianej ustawy. Jednak należy zaznaczyć, iż przepisy regulujące inwigilację w innych ustawach są w gruncie rzeczy takie same. Artykuł przedstawia formy kontroli operacyjnej, jej podstawy i cel także w kontekście orzecznictwa polskiego oraz Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka.
Udział kobiet w życiu publicznym. Rozważania w kontekście wyborów parlamentarnych w Polsce z 15 października 2023 roku
Authors: Dolat Monika
Published: September 2024

Niniejszy artykuł porusza zagadnienie udziału kobiet w życiu publicznym, skupiając rozważania w szczególności na wyborach parlamentarnych, które miały miejsce w 2023 r. w Polsce. Choć minęło ponad 100 lat od uzyskania przez kobiety praw wyborczych, są one nadal niedoreprezentowane w organach władzy publicznej. Przyczyną tych nierówności jest wiele czynników, zarówno politycznych, jak i społecznych. Do pewnego momentu kobiety postrzegano jedynie w kategorii matek sprawujących pieczę nad domem, a nie osób, które mogłyby realnie uczestniczyć w sprawowaniu władzy publicznej. Wybory parlamentarne w 2023 r. pod tym względem okazały się przełomowe, szczególnie w kontekście czynników społecznych determinujących kampanię wyborczą. Mogliśmy zaobserwować niezwykłą mobilizację wśród kobiet, która przełożyła się na ich wysoką frekwencję. Choć liczba reprezentantek płci żeńskiej zarówno w Sejmie, jak i w Senacie nadal nie jest porównywalna z udziałem mężczyzn w tych organach, to zauważamy również w tym aspekcie ich systematyczny wzrost.
Intimate Partner Violence Among Three Key Populations at Risk of HIV in Panama
Authors: López Castillo Humberto , Vega Natalia , Jenkins Sánchez Lorna , Hess-Holtz Morgan , León Soto Milo , Tran Bach , De La Torre Damaris , Eskildsen Gilberto , Calvo Arlene E. ,   The PEMAR Group
Published: September 2024

This study aims to estimate the prevalence of interpersonal personal violence (IPV) among three key populations at an increased risk of HIV in Panama (namely, transgender women, sex workers, and men who have sex with men [MSM]) and to estimate the positivity rate of four sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. Participants from the 2018 PEMAR study with a stable primary partner completed a 31-item survey with demographic data, the Spanish version of the four-item HITS questionnaire (being physically Hurt, Insulted, Threatened, or Screamed at; Cronbach’s α = .816), and an optional blood draw for STI testing. Prevalence rates of IPV were estimated with their respective 95% CIs after imputing 3.93% of missing values. The analytic sample (N= 356) included 76.0% MSM, 15.5% sex workers, and 9.3% transgender women, most of whom were in their 30s, married, and Latinx; completed some college; and worked full time. The most frequent forms of IPV were screams and insults. The IPV prevalence rates were estimated for transgender women (19.05%), sex workers (10.53%), and MSM (2.36%). Among participants who consented to blood samples (n= 291), transgender women who experienced IPV had a significantly (p= .03) higher syphilis positivity rate, and MSM who did not experience IPV had a significantly (p< .001) higher HIV positivity rate. Among key populations, transgender women experienced the highest rate of IPV and significantly higher syphilis rates. Paradoxically, HIV rates were higher among MSM who do not experience IPV. While societal roles and other contextual factors play a partial role in these syndemic findings, more studies are warranted.
Nota editorial
Authors: Medina Morales Gladys del Carmen
Published: September 2024

Editorial note
Knowledge Level and Frequency of Swimming to the Incidence of Otitis Externa in Swimming Athletes in Medan
Authors: Romadhani Fahmi , Haryuna Tengku Siti Hajar
Published: September 2024

Highlights:

The level of knowledge of respondents who had experienced otitis externa and often do swimming activities had sufficient knowledge about otitis externa.
Frequent swimming can cause a person to experience otitis externa.

 
Abstract
Introduction: Otitis externa, also called swimmer's ear, is a common disease in swimmers and poses a significant public health problem. Frequent exposure to water for long periods is very susceptible to infection. This study aimed to ascertain the level of knowledge regarding the connection between otitis externa and swimming and investigate whether there was a correlation between the frequency of swimming and the occurrence of otitis externa.
Methods: Using a questionnaire, the sample comprised 74 Tirta Prima Medan Swimming Association members in 2022. Apart from evaluating descriptive comparisons of pretest and post-test knowledge levels, this study also conducted a Spearman rank correlation test to determine the correlation between knowledge level and frequency of swimming with the incidence of otitis externa. The chosen significance level (p) was 0.05. Variables were considered related if the p-value was < 0.05 and not considered related if the p-value was > 0.05. The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 for Windows was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Of the 74 study participants, pretest knowledge was categorized as follows: good level of knowledge (6.8%) of respondents, sufficient (58.1%), and (35%) poor. In the post-test assessment, respondents showed good (75.7%), sufficient (21.6%), and poor (2.7%) knowledge. The results of the Spearman analysis test showed a significant correlation (p-value = 0.042) between swimming frequency and the incidence of otitis externa. Meanwhile, there was no significant correlation between the level of knowledge about otitis externa and the incidence of otitis externa, with a p-value of 0.785.
Conclusion: The level of knowledge for the pretest was sufficient. For the same respondents, the post-test results showed good knowledge. There was a correlation between swimming frequency and the incidence of otitis externa. However, there was no significant correlation between the level of expertise and the incidence of otitis externa at the Tirta Prima Medan Swimming Association.
Arterial Blood Gas Parameters to Evaluate Oxygenation and Acid-Base Disorders in Corticosteroid-Receiving Severe and Critical COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Temenggung Bintang , Setiawan Herley Windo , Rochmanti Maftuchah , Rosyid Alfian Nur
Published: September 2024

Highlights:

Hypoxemia was prevalent in both severe and critical COVID-19 patients.
Severe and critical COVID-19 patients might have tendencies towards respiratory alkalosis/metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis, respectively.

 
Abstract
Introduction: Increased inflammation and immune dysregulation in severe and critical COVID-19 trigger oxygen and acid-base disorders, possibly mitigated by corticosteroids. Variations in arterial blood gas (ABG) parameters and the influence of corticosteroid administration have become a concern for clinicians. This study aimed to uncover significant differences in temporal ABG parameters between severe and critical COVID-19 cases undergoing corticosteroid treatment.
Methods: This case-control study, which adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines, analyzed severe (n = 27) and critical (n = 41) COVID-19 patients treated in the high care unit (HCU) and the intensive care unit (ICU) of Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya, from May to July 2021. ABG results were categorized into three evaluations (E1-E3) based on collection days. The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Macintosh version 27.0 was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Hypoxemia through PaO2 and P/F ratios was prominent in both groups throughout E1-E3, with differences only in E1 P/F ratios (p = 0.003). While SaO2 stayed normal in severe cases, critical cases were low, with differences in E1 (p = 0.012) and E3 (p = 0.004). Severe cases maintained normal pH, while critical cases tended towards acidemia, notably differing in E1-E3. Both groups had low HCO3 levels, differing only in E2 (p < 0.001). Severe and critical groups exhibited low and high PaCO2 trends, respectively, with distinctions in E2 (p < 0.001) and E3 (p = 0.003).
Conclusion: Hypoxemia was prevalent in both groups. Compensated respiratory alkalosis or metabolic acidosis was common in the severe group, while the critical presented with respiratory acidosis.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of LTBI at Madura Boarding School as a High-Risk Congregate Setting
Authors: Ananto Muhammad Arif , Setyoningrum Retno Asih , Lestari Pudji
Published: September 2024

Highlights:

Boarding school is a high-risk location for TB transmission. Therefore, stricter early prevention measures are required.
Gender and knowledge level were significantly related to LTBI, but there was no significant relationship between age and nutritional status.
Low level of knowledge was the highest risk factor compared to other factors, with a five times greater risk of contracting LTBI.

 
Abstract
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is a highly contagious airborne disease. High-risk environments with frequent close interactions contribute to the spread of TB. This study examined latent TB infection (LTBI) epidemiology in such settings to inform public health interventions and strategies to curb TB transmission in similar environments.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study, conducted from January to August 2022 at two boarding schools in Bangkalan, involved 100 adolescents aged 10-18 years old tested for LTBI using interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA). Data were collected via questionnaires. Bivariate analysis was used to determine the correlation between LTBI prevalence and each research variable using Pearson correlation and odds ratio (OR). A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: This study found that 30% of 100 adolescents in boarding schools had LTBI. Risk analysis showed a significant association between gender and LTBI, with males having a 1.02 times higher risk (p-value 0.000). Additionally, lower education levels were significantly associated with a 5.2 times higher risk of LTBI (p-value 0.021).
Conclusion: Boarding schools pose a TB transmission risk. Early LTBI screening is essential for TB eradication in Indonesia, and these findings emphasize the need to improve LTBI detection and prophylaxis therapy as a preventive measure against TB outbreaks.
Effect of Ajwa Date Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) Methanol Extract on Blood Glucose Levels in Mice with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Dewanti Anggita Annisa Wahyu , Susanto Joni , Apriliawati Dwi , Yuliawati Tri Hartini
Published: September 2024

Highlights:

The widespread incidence of DM leads to costly treatments and often results in undesirable side effects.
Flavonoids in ajwa date fruit are believed to lower blood glucose levels through several mechanisms.
Methanol extract of ajwa date fruit can effectively lower blood glucose levels in diabetic mice at specific optimal doses.

 
Abstract
Introduction: High diabetes mellitus (DM) cases result in costly medical expenses. Ajwa date fruit contains triterpenoids, carbohydrates, and flavonoids believed to lower blood glucose, which requires research validation using methanol extract on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice. This study aimed to determine the effect of methanol extract of ajwa dates with several dose levels, namely 3 g/WB, 5 g/WB, and 7 g/WB, given orally to mice induced by STZ.
Methods: This study utilized a randomized pre- and post-test control group design to assess ajwa date fruit methanol extract effects on blood glucose in Swiss-Webster mice (Mus musculus). The mice were divided into four groups: Group K (6 mice without date extract intervention), P1 (6 mice with 3 g/WB/day oral dose date extract intervention), P2 (7 mice with 5 g/WB/day oral dose date extract intervention), and P3 (7 mice with 7 g/WB/day oral dose date extract intervention) and were induced with 100 mg/WB streptozotocin. Administered daily for three weeks, ajwa dates fruit extract showed varying impacts. Weekly blood glucose measurements and analysis of variance (ANOVA) in the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0 disclosed significant group differences.
Results: In the third week, blood glucose measurements revealed significant differences (p = 0.017), with an optimal reduction in P3 (7 mice with 7 g/WB/day oral dose date extract intervention).
Conclusion: In the third week, ajwa dates fruit extract, at an optimal 7 g/WB dose, effectively reduced blood glucose levels via flavonoid hypoglycemic mechanisms.
Catalytic methane decomposition process on carbon-based catalyst under contactless induction heating
Authors: Truong-Phuoc Lai , Essyed Ahmed , Pham Xuan-Huynh , Romero Thierry , Dath Jean-Pierre , Nhut Jean-Mario , Brazier Arnaud , Vidal Loïc , Nguyen-Dinh Lam , Pham-Huu Cuong
Published: September 2024

Hydrogen obtained from decomposition of natural gas with direct sequestration of carbon in solid form could be an attractive and cost-effective alternative for large-scale hydrogen production. We report here the use of a carbon-based catalyst to achieve the catalytic decomposition of methane (CMD) at medium temperature, 800 °C, under induction heating (IH). Analyses of the catalytic results and characterizations of the spent catalyst have shown that the carbon deposited during the reaction acts as the active phase for the reaction and can, therefore, be recycled infinitely. This autocatalytic effect can only be observed when the carbon catalyst operates under IH because the same catalyst operating under Joule heating (JH) deactivates rapidly in the same way as that already reported in the literature and no autocatalytic effect has been observed. The carbon formed is in the form of a graphene layer with a high degree of graphitization and is completely different from the carbon black powder obtained in other processes. These promising results could lay the groundwork for the development of an industrially and economically viable way to convert natural gas into turquoise hydrogen, using renewable energy and low-cost catalysts, with better resistance to poisoning by impurities present in the processing load. The combination of a carbon-based catalyst and non-contact IH could also lead to combined catalytic processes for many challenging reactions.
Public Budgeting Best Practices for Cross-sector Collaborations: Emphasizing the Values of Social Equity, Transparency and Accountability, and Ethics
Authors: Lee Michael E. M.
Published: September 2024

Cross-sector collaboration has become a major emphasis in collective action as governments, private corporations, and nonprofits work together to tackle today’s complex issues. The existing cross-sector collaboration literature primarily addresses major events like natural disasters, e.g., hurricanes and wildfires, and the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a significant gap in the public administration literature regarding cross-sector collaboration in addressing underlying social and financial issues. This paper discusses the need for public budgeting best practices through cross-sector collaboration in three areas: (1) equity; (2) transparency and accountability; and (3) ethics. Through the collaborative governance theory, each sector—public, private, and nonprofit—can contribute to the integration of resources, networks, and approaches for the benefit of citizens. This paper concludes by highlighting key implications for theory and praxis, including an increase in public trust and a greater emphasis on inclusivity in the budgeting process.
General Quantum Gravity: A Pearl of Physics
Authors: Vadurie Shashwata
Published: September 2024

The insuperable obstacle between gravity and quantum mechanics is their spacetimes. Introduction of a (quantum) quadratic form on a state Hilbert space and a (quantum) metric tensor in (3+1)D quantum spacetime solves the problem by providing a common spacetime for both gravity and quantum mechanics which helps further to develop an accurate and generalized form of quantum gravity, i.e., General Quantum Gravity. This formalism yields a (3+1)D pseudo-gravity first order quantum equation, which is technically more accurate than Schr\"odinger equation. A (quantum) Lorentz-like transformation is also possible to be developed in (3+1)D quantum spacetime. Instead of one common Einstein field equation to explain gravitational effects, this formalism yields two individual (quantum) Einstein field equations, namely, one for bosons and another for fermions. In this work, (quantum) metric tensor as well as quantum Riemann tensor, quantum Ricci tensor and quantum Ricci scalar all are found to be the objects of quantization. Apparently, these quantum Riemann tensor, quantum Ricci tensor and quantum Ricci scalar are also found to be multiplicatively renormalizable while all divergences of their higher orders vanish in (3+1)D quantum spacetime. Ultimately, General Quantum Gravity yields that: Quantum Mechanics and Theory of Special and General Relativity are inseparable and naturally inter-expressible for the (quantum) quadratic form and the (quantum) metric tensor in (3+1)D quantum spacetime.
Advanced Delivery of Curcumin and Nicotinamide: Promising Solutions for Skin Infections and Melanoma
Authors: Markab Omar , Lafi Zainab , Shalan Naeem , Al Daghistani Hala , Fahadawi Ali , Madi Razan
Published: September 2024

The interest in natural remedies in modern medicine has revealed potent disease-fighting agents, such asCUR(CUR) and nicotinamide (NIC), known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-boosting properties. This study explores the antibacterial and antimelanoma potential of a CUR-NIC combination and its liposomal formulation. The antibacterial efficacy was assessed against skin infection-causing bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, while cytotoxicity and migration assays were conducted on the melanoma B16 cancer cell line. The CUR-NIC combination (1:1) demonstrated an inhibition zone of 18±0.8 mm against S. aureus and a MIC of 31.25 µg/ml, outperforming CUR alone. Whereas Lip-CUR-NIC showed an inhibition zone of 12±0.8 mm against S. aureus and a MIC of 37.5 µg/ml. Notably, the cytotoxicity assay revealed that the CUR-NIC duo synergistically inhibited melanoma cell proliferation (CI<1). Liposomal preparations further enhanced this effect, with Lip-CUR-NIC showing a remarkably low IC50 of 8.5 ± 0.3 µM compared to CUR (IC50= 9.8 ± 2.2 µM) and NIC (IC50=135.95 ± 10.2 µM). These findings highlight the synergistic potential of CUR and NIC, especially in their liposomal form, offering a promising strategy for more effective cancer treatment.
Anomaly Detection in Individual Specific Networks through Explainable Generative Adversarial Attributed Networks
Authors: Guzzi Pietro Hiram , Lomoio Ugo , Mazza Tommaso , Veltri Pierangelo
Published: September 2024

Recently, the availability of many omics data source has given the rise of modelling biological networks for each individual or patient. Such networks are able to represent individual-specific characteristics, providing insights into the condition of each person. Given a set of networks of individuals, a network representing a particular condition (e.g., an individual with a specific disease) may be seen as an anomaly network. Consequently, the use of Graph Anomaly Detection techniques may support such analysis. Among the others, Generative Adversarial Networks present optimal per- formances in anomaly detection. This paper presents ADIN (Anomaly Detection in Individual Networks), a framework based on Generative Adversarial Attributed Networks (GAANs) for anomaly detection in convergence/divergence patients at- tributed networks. Preliminary results on networks generated from computational biology gene expression data demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in detecting and explaining bladder cancer patients.
Tracking Long-Lived Free Radicals in Dandelion Caused by Air Pollution Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Stefaniuk Ireneusz , Cieniek Bogumił , Ćwik Agata , Kluska Katarzyna , Kasprzyk Idalia
Published: September 2024

Studies on particulate air pollution indicate that a new type of pollutant should be considered from mainly fossil fuel combustion and automobile exhaust emissions, i.e. environmentally persistent free radicals. These radicals, ubiquitous in the environment, have a long life span and are capable of producing harmful reactive oxygen species. Samples of dandelion were collected in 2020 and 2021 in spring and late summer. Roots, leaves, flower stalks, and inflorescences of Taraxaum sp., were collected from 6 sites with 3 plants each, along with monitoring of PM air pollution. The free radical content in each part of the plant was measured by electron paramagnetic resonance. The leaf was selected as the most appropriate part of the plant for the measurement of carbon-derived free radicals. The geff value and the total number of spins were calculated. Relationships were found between location, season, and measurements. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum consists of at least two components, which can be attributed to C-type radicals, and mixed C+O radicals. Their increase in numbers in the fall seasons, compared to the spring seasons, is also noticeable. It has also been observed that leaves collected in autumn have a higher geff value, which is probably related to the higher amount of oxygen- and carbon-derived free radicals.
Hierarchical Residual Attention Network for Musical Instrument Recognition Using Scaled Multi-Spectrogram
Authors: Chen Rujia , Ghobakhlou Akbar , Narayanan Ajit
Published: September 2024

Musical instrument recognition is a relatively unexplored area of machine learning due to the need to analyze complex spatial-temporal audio features. Traditional methods using individual spectrograms, like STFT, Log-Mel, and MFCC, often miss the full range of features. We propose a hierarchical residual attention network using a scaled combination of multiple spectrograms, including STFT, Log-Mel, MFCC, and CST features (chroma, spectral contrast, and Tonnetz), to create a comprehensive sound representation. This model enhances focus on relevant spectrogram parts through attention mechanisms. Experimental results with the OpenMIC-2018 dataset show significant improvement in classification accuracy, especially with the "Magnified 1/4 Size" configuration. Future work will optimize CST feature scaling, explore advanced attention mechanisms, and apply the model to other audio tasks to assess its generalizability.
Frequent Pain Assessment May Interfere with Chronic Pain
Recovery: 5 Pilot Studies
Authors: Huang Katherine , Santander Tyler , Arroyo Dahyana , Reveles Javier j , Zhang Zongren , Sokolovskiy Sergio , Ilmi Kelly , Yang Henry , Hansma Paul
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Catastrophization and other comorbid psychological factors that increase awareness of pain are known to hinder chronic pain recovery. Five pilot studies, reported here, indicate that increased pain awareness from frequent pain assessment may impede chronic pain recovery through similar mechanisms. Methods: All study participants were asked to use a biofeedback device at least twice daily. Studies 1 and 2 required pain assessment before and after each biofeedback session, while Studies 3-5 did not. Pain levels were measured by the McGill Pain Inventory (McGill PI) at the start and end of each study. Results: Studies 3-5 replicated our prior work, demonstrating changes in pain, anxiety, and satisfaction and recovery following a home-use biofeedback program. Participants in the studies without frequent pain assessment experienced greater overall reductions in pain compared to participants in studies that did not require pain assessment. The results are, however, statistically inconclusive due to high variability, so further research is necessary. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that frequent pain assessment may hinder pain reduction, likely by facilitating negative thought patterns and neural circuits involved in chronic pain. These findings can be applied to developing better research designs and more effective chronic pain recovery programs.
The Socio-Political Implications of Deepfakes in Developing Countries
Authors: Noor Lailoma , Malahat Itba , Noor Haya
Published: September 2024

Highly realistic media created through Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning, commonly known as deepfakes, presents a serious risk to political stability and the integrity of information. We are entering an era where images and videos, which were once considered reliable evidence, are now being altered to spread false information and incite unrest. This threat is especially heightened in developing nations, where misinformation and manipulation of public sentiment could lead to the collapse of the fragile democracies. This study delves deep into the increased vulnerability of these regions to deepfakes due to slower technological advancement and widespread lack of awareness. This study provides a detailed analysis and sets the stage for future investigations, proposing a combined approach to counteract the consequences of deepfakes. This includes combining technical methods for detection of deepfakes with public awareness campaigns and legal frameworks. Reducing the harmful effects of deepfakes requires cooperation among a diverse group of experts
Salinarimonas chemoclinalis, An Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototroph Isolated from a Saline, Sulfate-rich Meromictic Lake
Authors: Messner Katia , Kyndt John A. , Yurkov Vladimir
Published: September 2024

A pink-pigmented, ovoid-rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterial strain ML10T was isolated from a meromictic lake in British Columbia, Canada. It produces bacteriochlorophyll a, which is incorporated into the reaction center and light harvesting I complexes. This alongside no anaerobic or photoautotrophic growth supports the designation of the strain as an aerobic anoxygenic phototroph. The cells produce wavy polar flagellum and accumulate clear, refractive granules, presumed to be polyhydroxyalkanoate. Sequence of the 16S rRNA gene identified close relatedness to Salinarimonas rosea (97.85 %), Salinarimonas ramus (97.92 %) and Saliniramus fredricksonii (94.61 %). The DNA G + C content was 72.06 mol %. Differences in cellular fatty acids and some physiological tests compared to Salinarimonadaceae members, as well as average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization define the strain as a new species in Salinarimonas. Therefore, we propose that ML10T (= NCIMB 15586T = DSM 118510T) be classified as the type strain of a new species in the genus with the name Salinarimonas chemoclinalis sp. nov.
Research on the Evolution of Urban Spatial Structure in Xi'an Based on Historical Maps and GIS Technology
Authors: Yang Dawei , Liu Xiaodong , Yang Huangyang
Published: September 2024

Historical maps possess significant theoretical and practical value in fields such as historical geography and urban planning, making them essential tools for studying urban spatial structure. This study explores the evolution of Xi'an's urban spatial structure from the Five Dynasties (909 CE) to the late PRC period (1949 CE), using historical maps and Historical GIS (HGIS) methodologies. By integrating Space Syntax and Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) with data from The Historical Atlas of Xi'an, this research identifies key trends in the city's spatial transformation. Two distinct phases of development were observed: the simpler, centralized structure during the Five Dynasties, Northern Song, and Yuan periods, and a more complex, decentralized structure during the Ming, Qing, and PRC periods. These changes were influenced by a dynamic interplay of political, economic, cultural, and environmental factors, as well as the city's need to adapt to external military threats and internal socio-economic shifts. The study emphasizes the value of HGIS in analyzing urban historical geography and the potential it offers for both understanding past urban dynamics and informing contemporary urban planning and cultural heritage preservation efforts. The findings demonstrate how Xi'an's spatial evolution reflects broader trends in Chinese history and provides insights for future sustainable development.
Revolutionizing Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology: The Transformative Power of Machine Learning in Image-Guided Sample Collection and Tumor Stratification
Authors: Gupta Mitesh
Published: September 2024

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a pivotal diagnostic tool in oncology, utilized for evaluating suspicious lesions and stratifying tumors. The incorporation of machine learning (ML) into FNAC has revolutionized accuracy, efficiency, and diagnostic precision. This comprehensive review explores recent advances in FNAC, emphasizing the transformative role of ML in image-guided sample collection and tumor stratification. Leveraging deep learning and other ML algorithms, researchers have improved diagnostic accuracy, minimized unnecessary biopsies, and optimized treatment selection. This article highlights the transformative applications of machine learning in FNAC while addressing its current limitations and future potential.
Impact of Information Security Policies Compliance (ISPC) on Reducing the Incidence of Security Breaches in Organizations: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Mohamud Abdulkadir Jeilani , Abdul rahman Tiktik Khawa
Published: September 2024

Information security policy compliance plays an important role in reducing the incidence of security breaches in organizations. Recently, information security practices in firms have been widely examined. Therefore, inadequate efforts have been made to assess and systematically review the present study status to offer insights into prior study findings. This systematic literature review investigated the impact of ISPC on reducing the incidence of security breaches in organizations. After inclusion and exclusion criteria process conducted, 42 research publications from Google scholar, Sage, IEEE, ACM, ScienceDirect, Springer, Jstor, Wiley, Taylor & Francis databases (2009 – 2024) included, most of the studies utilized quantitative research methods to explore factors influencing compliance with information security policies, such as employee demographics, organizational strategies, and deterrence mechanisms, A few studies adopted qualitative methods to assess the effectiveness of security programs or to propose measures to enhance compliance. The findings suggested that not only information security policy compliance reduce incidences of security breaches in organizations but also other factors such as employee training, awareness, management support, regular audits, and the integration of advanced security technologies are identified as crucial for reducing security breaches. The implications of these findings for organizational practices and future research directions are discussed, providing valuable insights for policymakers, IT professionals, and researchers aiming to strengthen information security frameworks and reduce the incidence of security breaches.
Enhancing Cybersecurity Incident Response: AI-Driven Optimization for Strengthened Advance Persistence Threat Detection
Authors: Ali Gauhar , Shah Sajid , ElAffendi Mohammed
Published: September 2024

The Cyber Security Incident Response Team executes its critical duties in the Centralized Security Operation Centers. Its primary target is to protect organizational resources from all types of Advanced Persistent Threats (APT) and attacks while making the correct judgments at the right time. Despite the great efforts and the efficient tools, the incident response mechanism faces two significant challenges. The generation of large amounts of alerts with huge rates of false positives per unit of time and the time-consuming manual expert engagement in the post-alert decision phase. The main aim of this research study is to investigate the potential of Machine Learning techniques in solving the above challenges. This study proposes six event detection modules to identify 14 different types of malicious behavior using Splunk. The available APT dataset is extended by adding more alert types. Then, the machine learning techniques i.e., Random Forest, and XGBoost, are applied to improve the decision process and reduce the false positive alerts of the Security Information and Event Management system. The proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art techniques by predicting an accuracy of 99.6%.
Zingiber officinale Uncovered: Integrating Experimental and Computational Approaches to Antibacterial and Phytochemical Profiling
Authors: Sulieman Abdel Moneim Elhadi , Ibrahim Safa Mustafa , Alshammari Mamdouh , Abdulaziz Fahad , Idriss Hajo , Alanazi Naimah Asid , Abdallah Emad M. , Siddiqui Arif Jamal , Shommo Soheir , Jamal Arshad , Badraoui Riadh
Published: September 2024

Zingiber officinale rhizome is widely cultivated in the central region of Sudan (Gezira) and data on the biological properties of this variety grown in the Sudan climate is scarce. The study aims to comprehensively analyze the antibacterial, antioxidant, phytochemical, and GC-MS properties of Zingiber officinale (Ginger rhizome) to explore its potential applications. The in vitro antibacterial assessment of the aqueous extract of the Sudanese ginger revealed moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli , and Klebsiella pneumonia, as resulted from the disc-diffusion which ranged between 12.87±0.11 mm to 14.5±0.12 mm at 30 µg/disc. The minimum inhibition concentration ranged between 6.25 to 25 µg/ml, the MBC were between 25 and 50 µg/ml, and the MBC/MIC exhibited its bactericidal effect against all tested bacteria. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various chemical constituents such as saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, and absence of tannins in the Sudanese ginger rhizome. Furthermore, the GC-MS study of ginger rhizome identified 22 chemical compounds with retention times ranging from 7.564 to 17.023 minutes. The identification of 22 chemical compounds through GC-MS analysis further underscores the prospect of harnessing ginger rhizome for the development of novel medications. The computational analyses showed that ginger compounds bind the 1JIJ and 2QZW with high binding affinities, which reach –9.5 kcal/mol. Ginger compounds also established promising molecular interactions with some key residues, that satisfactorily explain the in vitro results and support the pharmacokinetic and experimental findings. This study lays the groundwork for future research and pharmaceutical exploration aimed at harnessing the beneficial properties of ginger rhizome for medicinal and therapeutic purposes, particularly its antimicrobial potential.
Enhancing Precision of Forest Growing Stock Volume in the Estonian National Forest Inventory with Different Predictive Techniques and Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Omoniyi Temitope , Sims Allan
Published: September 2024

Estimating Forest growing stock volume (GSV) is crucial for forest growth and resource management, as it reflects forest productivity. National measurements are laborious and costly, however integrating satellite data such as optical, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), and Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) with National Forest Inventory (NFI) data and machine learning (ML) methods has transformed forest management. In this study, Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) were used to predict GSV using Estonian NFI data, Sentinel-2 imagery, and ALS point cloud data. Four variable combinations were tested: CO1 (vegetation indices and LiDAR), CO2 (vegetation indices and individual band reflectance), CO3 (LiDAR and individual band reflectance), and CO4 (a combination of vegetation indices, individual band reflectance, and LiDAR). Across Estonia's geographical regions, RF consistently delivered the best performance. In the northwest (NW), RF achieved an R² of 0.63 and an RMSE of 125.39 m³/plot. In the southwest (SW), it achieved an R² of 0.73 and an RMSE of 128.86 m³/plot. In the northeast (NE), RF achieved an R² of 0.64 and an RMSE of 133.77 m³/plot, and an R² of 0.70 and an RMSE of 120.72 m³/plot was achieved in the southeast (SE). These results underscore RF's precision in predicting GSV across diverse environments, though refining variable selection and improving tree species data could further enhance accuracy.
Exploring the Interplay of Bud Load and Pruning Type in Shaping 'Xinomavro' (V. vinifera L.) Vine Growth, Yield, and Berry Composition
Authors: Theocharis Serafeim , Gkrimpizis Theodoros , Karadimou Christina , Nikolaou Kleopatra-Eleni , Taskos Dimitrios , Koundouras Stefanos
Published: September 2024

'Xinomavro' (V. vinifera L.) is an important native red wine grape variety in Northern Greece, particularly in PDO regions. Despite its significance, there is limited research on the effects of pruning type and severity on 'Xinomavro' vine physiology, yield, and berry quality across diverse environmental conditions. This study aims to address this knowledge gap and provide growers with crucial information for optimizing vineyard management practices. The study was conducted over two consecutive years (2016 and 2017) in a vineyard in Thessaloniki, Northern Greece. Four treatments ( B12: 12 buds on 6 spurs; B24: 24 buds on 12 spurs; M12: 12 buds on 2 canes; M24: 24 buds on 4 canes) combining two bud load levels (12 or 24 count nodes) and two pruning types (short spurs or long canes) were applied to 'Xinomavro' vines in complete block randomized design. Measurements included vine water status, gas exchange, canopy characteristics, yield components, and berry composition. Bud load and pruning type significantly influenced vine canopy development, microclimate, and yield components. Short pruning with high bud load (B24) resulted in denser canopies and higher yields, while cane pruning (M12 and M24) led to more open canopies and improved berry quality indicators. Treatment effects on berry composition were inconsistent across years but showed a tendency for higher anthocyanin and total phenol content in cane-pruned vines. The study demonstrates that pruning type (short or long fruiting units) may have a greater impact on vine growth, yield, and berry composition than bud load alone in 'Xinomavro' vines. Cane pruning appears to be a more effective strategy for achieving vine balance and potentially improving grape quality under the given experimental conditions.
A Methodologic Approach to Study Large and Complex Landslides: An Application in Central Apennines
Authors: Mangifesta Massimo , Aringoli Domenico , Pambianchi Gilberto , Giannini Leonardo Maria , Scalella Gianni , Sciarra Nicola
Published: September 2024

The evaluation of landslide hazard in seismic areas is based on a deterministic analysis to define the stability of the sites. However, deterministic analysis is not able to consider various uncertainties in the analysis process. This paper focuses on the results established by the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and extends the probabilistic landslide hazard analysis to consider the uncertainties of opposing ground deformations and strength. The work studies the areas between Nibbiano and Sant'Erasmo inhabited centres in the Camerino municipality located in central Italy. The current state of the areas shows dangerous conditions for the building structures. In fact, all constructions present evidence of damage caused by both the 2016 earthquake and slope instability. The studies, carried out through careful geological survey and detailed geophysical investigations, are performed to define the geological, geomorphological and hydrogeological characteristics of the areas and also to run a new analysis aimed to define the material stress-strain behavior. Both inhabited Centers are located on debris deposits with highly variable thicknesses. The key point regards the definition of the depth of unstable mass, its position and its extension. Therefore, this contribution aims to summarize the knowledge of the landslide phenomenon that affected the area, trying to interpret its evolution with new field investigations. Indeed, during the first step, related to the geological and geomorphological detailed surveys, a remarkable geological model was obtained to better interpret the slope dynamics in relation to the structures of this section of the ridge. This model was also confirmed by the geophysical investigations. The study involves a more detailed definition of the landslide perimeter. Indeed, to analyze the phenomenon, it was necessary to study both the local seismic amplification with finite element 2D simulations and the slope stability conditions with finite 3D difference simulation.