bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectivas de uma Educação Inclusiva na rede estadual de ensino de Breves, arquipélago do Marajó, Pará
Authors: Romão-Torres Essia de Paula , Moreau Julia Siqueira , Lino Gabrielly Costa , Cruz Kevin Washington Azevedo da
Published: July 2021

A educação inclusiva tem se constituído como um avanço na formação de alunos com necessidades educativas especiais, diferenciando-se do modelo segregado. No Pará, tem se desenvolvido no ensino regular com apoio especializado, além das instituições específicas. Em Breves, no Marajó, atividades nessa perspectiva iniciaram na década de 1980, através de cursos de capacitação, um processo gradativo e excludente, onde a participação era restrita apenas àqueles considerados aptos a desenvolver habilidades e competência em turmas de ensino regular. Neste sentido, objetivou-se conhecer a atual conjuntura da educação inclusiva no ensino médio da rede estadual urbana de Breves. A metodologia correspondeu na aplicação de questionários com entrevistas semiestruturadas a funcionários das escolas alvo deste estudo. Tem-se como resultados a constituição e discussão dos perfis Histórico escolar; Educação inclusiva da escola; Perfil dos alunos PcD’s e o Perfil de acessibilidade escolar. É conclusivo a necessidade de uma acessibilidade pedagógica e estrutural nas escolas, onde faça-se com que a inclusão não se limite a atendimentos educacionais especializados e espaços acessíveis, mas uma abordagem que promova uma inclusão holística, de documentos institucionais a práticas pedagógicas e sociais.
Potenciais interações medicamentosas no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas em uma capital do Nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Sodré Malene Lima Gomes , Ferreira Alice de Sá , Borges Mirlley Cristina Ferreira , Marinho Suanne Ferreira , Fernandes Maurício Avelar , Barros Clemilson da Silva , Belfort Ilka Kassandra Pereira , Monteiro Sally Cristina Moutinho
Published: July 2021

Introdução: Os transtornos mentais representam hoje um dos principais desafios na agenda de saúde, tanto de países desenvolvidos como países em desenvolvimento, constituindo um ônus importante para os serviços públicos. Objetivo: Avaliar as potenciais interações medicamentosas em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas, em São Luís. Método: Trata-se um estudo transversal descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado por meio da análise de prontuários de usuários do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial no período entre maio de 2015 a março de 2016.  As potenciais interações medicamentosas foram identificadas e classificadas de acordo com a base de dados drugs.com e Micromedex® em leves, moderadas, graves. Resultados: O estudo foi realizado com 60 prontuários de pacientes sob tratamento no CAPS-ad, sendo 83% do sexo masculino e 17% do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 39,62 anos para os homens e 37,7 anos para as mulheres e 63% dos prontuários apontaram para o grupo de transtornos mentais e comportamentais devidos ao uso de múltiplas drogas e ao uso de outras substâncias psicoativas. Dentre os prontuários analisados, 42 apresentaram a possibilidade de ocorrência de interação medicamentosa, sendo 1% leve, 80% moderada e 19% grave; 40% com risco de depressão respiratória e no sistema nervoso central e 12% com risco de diminuição da ação farmacológica pela indução enzimática da carbamazepina. Conclusão: O estudo revelou elevado número de potenciais interações medicamentosas que podem comprometer as condições clínicas do paciente e/ou seu tratamento, revelando assim, a importância, da equipe de saúde, da atuação clínica do farmacêutico.
Atuação dos enfermeiros no pré-natal a gestantes usuárias de álcool
Authors: Paiva Sônia Maria Alves de , Souza Ana Vitória Lima de , Oliveira Márcia Aparecida Ferreira de , Silva Julia Carolina de Mattos Cerioni , Balan Caroline , Lima Ana Victória Calado Godoy Carlos de , Boska Gabriella de Andrade , Souza Maria Regina Camargo Ferraz , Luz Priscilla de Oliveira , Claro Heloísa Garcia , Tarifa Rosana Ribeiro
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre a Síndrome Alcoólica Fetal (SAF) e as ações promovidas por estes no pré-natal de gestantes usuárias de álcool nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS). Método: pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, de caráter descritivo e exploratório, desenvolvida em UBSs, situadas em um município do interior de Minas Gerais. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e, para a interpretação, utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: onze enfermeiros participaram deste estudo. Das informações analisadas, emergiram três categorias temáticas. Categoria Temática 1: falta conhecimento sobre a Síndrome Alcoólica Fetal; Categoria temática 2: estratégias utilizadas pelos enfermeiros no atendimento às gestantes usuárias de álcool; e, Categoria temática 3: dificuldades em se realizar a referência e contrarreferência na rede de atenção à saúde (RAS). Conclusão: Conclui-se que os enfermeiros possuem pouco conhecimento no que se refere aos efeitos teratogênicos do álcool, suas ações se baseiam em realizar busca ativa de gestantes usuárias de álcool, na tentativa de estabelecer o vínculo terapêutico. Dentre as dificuldades com relação à temática, a que mais impacta o processo assistencial é a inexistência de fluxo pactuado que respeite as obrigações pertinentes a referência e contrarrefência na rede de atenção à saúde. A busca por aprimoramento profissional na área da Saúde da Mulher e Saúde Mental, bem como o estabelecimento de um fluxo assistencial adequado na rede, asseguraria uma atenção integral à gestante e ao recém-nascido.
The primary health care environment and the impact on motivation and stress in nurses
Authors: Oliveira Jociane Farias de , Reckziegel Juliana Cristina Lessmann , Kanan Lilia Aparecida , Santos Vanessa Valgas dos
Published: July 2021

Objective: The focus of this study was to investigate the possible occupational stress the nurses perceived that in Basic Health Units (BHUs) and assess the major factors that motivate these employees’ inside these primary healthcare centers. Methodology: Data was collected from 70 nurses working in 61 BHUs distributed in the South of Brazil. The stress was measured with the Nurses' Stress Inventory (NSI), and the determination of motivation was performed using Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. The research has been taken up with special reference to administrative/assistance nurses. Results: The investigation showed that nurses are predominantly female (89.5%) and 80.0% work equally in assistant care and administrative functions. Moreover, the data showed that 89.4% of nurses present moderate to higher stress scores as a consequence of the intrinsic work factors. Investigating the motivation, the higher level in the Maslow hierarchy was belonging, this could be related to the fact BHUs are inserted in communities with strong social connections and relationships with the population. Conclusion: Knowing the main factors responsible for stress in nurses at the BHUs are essential for future strategies to improve working conditions.
Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by bacteriocin-producing Bacillus velezensis isolated from silage
Authors: Oliveira Laura Bonato Alves , Sabino Yasmin Neves Vieira , Barroso Marlon do Valle , Ferreira Ranaíla Kely , Lima Junior Fernandes , Arcuri Pedro Braga , Carneiro Jailton da Costa , Mendonça Ricardo José de , Ribeiro João Batista , Ferreira-Machado Alessandra Barbosa , Paiva Aline Dias
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the production of anti-Listeria bacteriocins by naturally occurring bacteria on silage and to characterize the most promising bacteriocin. The production of bacteriocins was evaluated by the spot-on-lawn method. The presence of interfering factors and the sensitivity to proteinase K were analyzed. The spectrum of activity was determined and the most promising bacteriocin-producing isolate was identified, being selected for the subsequent experiments. The antimicrobial peptide was extracted, analyzed regarding temperature and pH sensitivities, and purified. Of the 37 isolates evaluated, seven showed anti-Listeria activity. The presence of bacteriophages and production of acidic compounds were not detected. The selected antimicrobial compound was sensitive to proteinase K and the producing-bacterium was identified as Bacillus velezensis. The crude extract maintained the antimicrobial activity in different temperatures and pH conditions. In conclusion, the bacteriocin produced by Bacillus velezensis showed strong activity against Listeria monocytogenes, and great stability to elevated temperature and adverse pH, desirable features for future biotechnological applications.
Estudo infodemiológico da associação da pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil com o volume de pesquisa na internet
Authors: Máximo Nayanne Ribeiro Gaião , Mota João Victor Taumaturgo , Sá Daniel Dutra de , Mourão Antônio Édie Brito , Girão Mauro Vinicius Dutra
Published: July 2021

Verificar a existência de relação entre a busca por informação na Internet sobre COVID-19 e os números de casos e óbitos pela doença no território brasileiro. Realizamos um estudo infodemiológico usando a palavra de busca “Coronavírus” no Google Trends™, para cada unidade federativa e o Distrito Federal, referentes à população, ao número de casos confirmados e ao número de óbitos. Em seguida, comparamos cada Volume de Pesquisa Relativo ao número de novos casos e óbitos por COVID‑19 divulgados pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil durante o período de maio a junho de 2020. Os primeiros casos de COVID-19 notificados no país foram acompanhados do aumento de buscas na Internet sobre o tema, havendo uma redução do interesse ao longo do período estudado. A média de Volume de Pesquisa Relativo foi 37,8. Houve uma correlação positiva entre casos e óbitos, entretanto a correlação entre esses parâmetros e o Volume de Pesquisa Relativo comportou-se com significância negativa. Dados infodemiológicos têm permitido monitorar em tempo real surtos de doenças infecciosas em nível local e global. O Brasil apresentou comportamento inverso aos estudos anteriores. Evidenciamos uma forte relação negativa entre o acesso a conteúdo na Internet e o número de casos confirmados e óbitos por COVID-19 em todo o território brasileiro.
Alterações na eficiência do uso da água relacionadas com fatores climáticos e uso e ocupação do solo, na região do MATOPIBA
Authors: Santiago Dimas de Barros , Barbosa Humberto Alves , Correia Filho Washington Luiz Félix
Published: July 2021

O estudo tem por objetivos: estimar e analisar as mudanças espaço-temporais da Eficiência do Uso da Água (Water Use Efficiency - WUE) no MATOPIBA e avaliar a influência de fatores climáticos e do uso e ocupação do solo na variação do WUE. No estudo serão utilizados os produtos MOD17A2 (GPP) e MOD16A2 (ET) derivados do sensor MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) obtidos no United States Geological Survey (USGS), com resolução espacial 1 km x 1km, para as computo da WUE anual no período entre 2001 e 2019. Em relação a avaliação do uso da terra será realizado com as imagens do MAPBIOMAS, com resolução de 30m x 30m. Já os dados de precipitação serão provenientes do Climate Hazard Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) com resolução espacial de 5,6 km por 5,6 km. As realizações dos cálculos matemáticos serão executadas nos softwares ambiente R versão 3.6-3 e Quantum GIS versão 3.4-6. Os resultados apontam que os maiores (menores) valores de WUE ocorrem em regiões agrícolas e áreas de vegetação nativa amazônica (áreas de superfícies não vegetadas). Este padrão da WUE está associado à crescente expansão agrícola sobre as regiões (Oeste Baiano e na porção Piauí), motivados principalmente pelo plantio de soja. Além disso, constatou-se que as anomalias positivas (negativas) da WUE ocorrem em anos secos (chuvosos). Concluindo assim que, áreas agrícolas são propensas aos maiores valores da WUE devido ao manejo cultural auxiliando no desenvolvimento das culturas agrícolas. As respostas da vegetação aos eventos secos e chuvosos foram mais sensíveis em áreas agrícolas que em áreas de vegetação nativa.
Exposição aos defensores agrícolas: Norteadores fisiopatológicos sistêmicos a partir dos receptores colinérgicos muscarínicos e nicotínicos
Authors: Porto Murilo de Jesus , Rocha Marisol Porto , Souza Jaciara Pinheiro de , Credidio Graziella Cecilio , Teles André Lacerda Braga
Published: July 2021

Os agrotóxicos ou agroquímicos são grupos de substância onde agem no meio ambiente agrícola, no sentido de controlar distintos elementos que prejudiquem o cultivo das plantações, geralmente são utilizados por trabalhadores ocupacional a nível rural no intuito de maior produção na lavoura e erradicação de doenças e pragas ali exitentes, tal utilização indevida pode gerar danos a saúde humana, de animais e até mesmo do meio ambiente. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral identificar o uso dos agrotóxicos como possíveis norteadores fisiopatológicos a partir de uma abordagem detalhada da ação das substâncias químicas envolvidas e os sinais biomoleculares a nível do sistema nervoso central. Como metodologia, trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa no qual foi adotada para a coleta de dados para através do levantamento por revisão de periódicos, sendo utilizado 50 periodicos, seguindo as bases eletrônicas de dados indexadas: Scientific Eletronic Library, Literatura Latino-Americano e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health. Os resultados apresentandos revelam classes de agrotóxicos induz aumento do citocromo P-450 (CYP), alteação nas espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO), além de reação alterada da enzima antioxidante (SOD e catalase), mudanças no paramentros de hormônio estimulante da tireoide (TSH), acompanhados de baixas atividades de SOD, CAT e enzima glutationa S-transferase (GST), síntese de citocinas como interferon gama γ e fator de necrose tumoral α. TNFα resultante de neurotoxicidade. Assim, os agroquímicos inibidores de ação enximatica colinérgica, ocasionam alteração proteína intracelular resutando em processo fisiopatológico.
Порівняльно-правовий аналіз правового статусу кредиторів та їхніх органів самоуправління у процедурі банкрутства (неспроможності) за правом України та Німеччини
Authors: МИКІЄВИЧ МИХАЙЛО , ПОЛЯКОВ РОДІОН
Published: July 2021

Стаття присвячена порівняльно-правовому аналізу положень Кодексу України з процедур банкрутства (КУзПБ), а також Inzolvenzordnung (Статут процедури неспроможності в Німеччині), що регулюють правовий статус кредиторів та їхніх органів самоуправління.
Мета статті полягає у комплексному порівняльно-правовому дослідженні теоретико-правових засад правового статусу кредиторів, а також створенні і функціонуванні органів самоврядування кредиторів за правом України та Німеччини.
Аналізуються законодавчі визначення поняття “кредитор” і певних його різновидів у процедурі банкрутства в Україні та у процедурі неспроможності в Німеччині. Окрім законодавчо закріплених різновидів кредиторів, автори наводять їхнє доктринальне розмежування та обґрунтовують необхідність їхньої більш чіткої деталізації.
Аналізуються положення про правовий статус зборів кредиторів і комітету кредиторів в Україні та зборів кредиторів, тимчасового комітету кредиторів і комітету кредиторів за правом Німеччини.
У результаті дослідження висвітлюються проблемні питання у зазначених вище елементах конкурсного процесу, особливості юридичної природи їхніх рішень і компетенції представницьких органів кредиторів. Особлива увага присвячена мінімальній кількості голосів для прийняття рішень, а також аналізу інших проблем них елементів цієї тематики, що залишають можливість недоброчесним кредиторам для потенційного зловживання власними правами. Наводяться приклади із практики українських судів, які зіштовхнулися з подібними зловживаннями.
Крім того, висвітлюються конкретні шляхи вирішення описаних проблем, а також надані пропозиції щодо покращення українським законодавцем положень чинного КУзПБ, що можливо завдяки здійсненню порівняльно-правового аналізу окремих елементів процедури банкрутства (неспроможності) в Україні та Німеччині.
Участь арбітражного керуючого у справі про банкрутство (неплатоспроможність)
Authors: КАБЕНОК ЮЛІЯ
Published: July 2021

Важливим аспектом процедури банкрутства є належна реалізація завдань арбітражного управління, що забезпечується арбітражним керуючим. Його участь у справі про банкрутство (неплатоспроможність) безпосередньо виявляється у тісних взаємозв’язках із іншими учасниками такого провадження. Ключову роль при цьому відіграє призначення та відсторонення арбітражного керуючого, а також можливий вплив на його діяльність і контроль за нею з боку господарського суду та кредиторів.
Метою статті є поглиблений аналіз правового регулювання участі арбітраж ного керуючого у справі про банкрутство (неплатоспроможність), судової практики, виявлення колізій та прогалин у законодавстві, а також надання пропозицій щодо його удосконалення.
Констатовано, що виявлені неточності у законодавстві свідчать про неналежний стан правового забезпечення відбору та призначення арбітраж ного керуючого на етапі відкриття провадження у справі про банкрутство (неплатоспроможність).
Аргументовано, що кандидатура арбітражного керуючого повинна оцінюватися з позиції фактів, які мають місце виключно під час розгляду питання про його призначення, уникаючи при цьому необґрунтованих суджень, що можуть спричинити порушення прав учасників справи про банкрутство (неплатоспроможність).
Виділено види відсторонення арбітражного керуючого: добровільне (здійснюється за заявою арбітражного керуючого, як власне волевиявлення) і примусове (за ініціативою господарського суду або за клопотанням учасника провадження у справі). Примусове, зі свого боку, поділяється на відсторонення за наявності і без таких підстав.
Наголошено, що існуючий порядок відсторонення за клопотанням комітету кредиторів арбітражного керуючого порушує прямо перед-бачений принцип незалежності останнього. Вказується, що у випадку звернення комітету кредиторів із таким клопотанням, господарський суд повинен надати йому оцінку також із позиції можливого зловживання правами комітетом кредиторів. Оскільки, наділивши останнього таким правом, законодавець, зокрема, фактично запровадив “підлаштування” арбітражного управління боржником виключно інтересам комітету кредиторів.
У цьому контексті пропонується передбачити обов’язкове обґрунтування підстав для відсторонення та прямої вказівки на обов’язок господарського суду надати оцінку діяльності арбітражного керуючого при розгляді клопотання комітету кредиторів.
Авторка доходить висновків, що нині вбачається створення несприятливих умов для здійснення арбітражного управління в частині повної залежності арбітражного керуючого після призначення судом і впродовж процедури банкрутства від комітету кредиторів.
Typológie legitimity a verejná politika
Authors: Konečný Stanislav
Published: July 2021

The study deals with the contribution of legitimacy typologies from the point of view of public policy theory. From this point of view, it first analyzes the monodisciplinary approaches (such as normative theories of legitimacy) that were created around the world within the legal sciences (C. J. Friedrich, G. Burdeau), or as empirical theories of legitimacy within sociology (M. Weber, G. Ferrero, K. W, Deutsch) and political science (D. Easton, G. Almond and GB Powell) and subsequent the multidisciplinary approaches (N. Luhmann, P. Rosanvallon , D, Beetham). The result of this analysis of different typologies of legitimacy of power and their reflection into the issue of legitimacy of the public interest is a typology of possible procedures for legitimizing public (but also supra-individual) interests, which points out that while the normstive legitimation of public interestsis possible, but not always sufficient - and therefore must be supplemented by empirical (social) legitimation, whereas the social legitimization can be equivalent form of legitimation of pluralistic public interests, which can not be legitimized normatively for several reasons.
Analysis on China–United States Trade Imbalance from Trade Structure, Mode of Trade, and Trade Policy
Authors: Shi Jiandong
Published: July 2021

This paper analyzes the direct cause of China–United States trade war, a trade imbalance between China and the United States, and summarizes the causes of this trade imbalance. I have discussed the trade imbalance from the three perspectives of trade structure, trade mode, and trade policy, which focus on the respective trade policies of China and the United States. Moreover, I have examined the subjective factors affecting the trade imbalance between China and the United States. A significant impact of trade policies on trade imbalance has been demonstrated in this study to call for attention from both sides.
Increased Loading Rates During Gait Correlate With Morphology of Unaffected Hip in Juveniles With Treated Developmental Hip Dysplasia
Authors: Lee Wei-Chun , Chen Tsan-Yang , Hung Li-Wei , Wang Ting-Ming , Chang Chia-Hsieh , Lu Tung-Wu
Published: July 2021

Long-term follow-up studies on children with surgically treated developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) have shown that not only the affected side progresses to premature osteoarthritis, but the unaffected side may also suffer from insidious hip dysplasia or osteonecrosis. The current gait analysis study identified the loading and unloading rates of the ground reaction forces (GRF) and lower limb joint axial forces during gait, and their correlations with the hip morphology in twenty juvenile patients with surgically treated unilateral DDH during toddlerhood. In a gait laboratory, each subject walked at preferred speed on a 10-m walkway while the kinematics and the GRF were measured. Loading and unloading rates of the vertical GRF and the joint axial forces were obtained as the maximum instantaneous slope of these force curves. Radiographic measurements of the hips were taken, and the correlations between the morphological parameters and the loading and unloading rates were obtained. The patients showed greater-than-normal peak loading rates of the joint axial forces, and the loading rates on both the affected and unaffected sides were strongly correlated to the acetabular index on the unaffected side, which was also significantly correlated with the peak unloading rates on the affected side. These results suggest that apart from regular follow-up of the affected hip, routine assessment of the morphological changes and/or increased loading rates on the unaffected hip is also important for early identification of any signs of insidious hip dysplasia and risk of premature degeneration of the cartilage.
Hydrogel-By-Design: Smart Delivery System for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Cui Rongwei , Wu Qiang , Wang Jing , Zheng Xiaoming , Ou Rongying , Xu Yunsheng , Qu Shuxin , Li Danyang
Published: July 2021

Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment, in which durable immune responses were generated in patients with malignant tumors. In the past decade, biomaterials have played vital roles as smart drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy to achieve both enhanced therapeutic benefits and reduced side effects. Hydrogels as one of the most biocompatible and versatile biomaterials have been widely applied in localized drug delivery systems due to their unique properties, such as loadable, implantable, injectable, degradable and stimulus responsible. Herein, we have briefly summarized the recent advances on hydrogel-by-design delivery systems including the design of hydrogels and their applications for delivering of immunomodulatory molecules (e.g., cytokine, adjuvant, checkpoint inhibitor, antigen), immune cells and environmental regulatory substances in cancer immunotherapy. We have also discussed the challenges and future perspectives of hydrogels in the development of cancer immunotherapy for precision medicine at the end.
Potential Role of Plasmalogens in the Modulation of Biomembrane Morphology
Authors: Almsherqi Zakaria A.
Published: July 2021

Plasmalogens are a subclass of cell membrane glycerophospholipids that typically include vinyl- ether bond at the sn-1 position and polyunsaturated fatty acid at the sn-2 position. They are highly abundant in the neuronal, immune, and cardiovascular cell membranes. Despite the abundance of plasmalogens in a plethora of cells, tissues, and organs, the role of plasmalogens remains unclear. Plasmalogens are required for the proper function of integral membrane proteins, lipid rafts, cell signaling, and differentiation. More importantly, plasmalogens play a crucial role in the cell as an endogenous antioxidant that protects the cell membrane components such as phospholipids, unsaturated fatty acids, and lipoproteins from oxidative stress. The incorporation of vinyl-ether linked with alkyl chains in phospholipids alter the physicochemical properties (e.g., the hydrophilicity of the headgroup), packing density, and conformational order of the phospholipids within the biomembranes. Thus, plasmalogens play a significant role in determining the physical and chemical properties of the biomembrane such as its fluidity, thickness, and lateral pressure of the biomembrane. Insights on the important structural and functional properties of plasmalogens may help us to understand the molecular mechanism of membrane transformation, vesicle formation, and vesicular fusion, especially at the synaptic vesicles where plasmalogens are rich and essential for neuronal function. Although many aspects of plasmalogen phospholipid involvement in membrane transformation identified through in vitro experiments and membrane mimic systems, remain to be confirmed in vivo, the compiled data show many intriguing properties of vinyl-ether bonded lipids that may play a significant role in the structural and morphological changes of the biomembranes. In this review, we present the current limited knowledge of the emerging potential role of plasmalogens as a modulator of the biomembrane morphology.
Statins Mitigate Stress-Related Vascular Aging and Atherosclerosis in apoE-Deficient Mice Fed High Fat-Diet: The Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1/Adiponectin Axis
Authors: Lei Yanna , Cui Qingsong , Yang Guang , Piao Limei , Inoue Aiko , Wu Hongxian , Li Xiang , Kuzuya Masafumi , Cheng Xian Wu
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Exposure to chronic psychosocial stress is a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Given that the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme reductase inhibitor statins prevent atherogenesis, we evaluated whether pitavastatin prevents chronic stress- and high fat diet-induced vascular senescence and atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE–/–) mice, with a special focus on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)/adiponectin (APN) axis.

Methods and Results

6-week-old ApoE–/– mice loaded a high-fat diet were randomly assigned into non-stress (n = 12) and stress (n = 13) groups for 12 weeks. Non-stress control mice were left undisturbed. Chronic stress accelerated high fat diet-induce arterial senescence and atherosclerotic plaque growth. The chronic stress lowered the levels of circulating GLP-1 as well as adipose and plasma APN. As compared with the stress alone mice, the pitavastatin-treated mice had reduced macrophage infiltration, elastin fragments, and increased plaque collagen volume, and lowered levels of osteopontin, toll-like receptor-2/-4, macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, C-X-C chemokine receptor-4, p47phox, p47phox, gp91phox, cathepsins S, p16, and p21, mRNAs and/or proteins. Pitavastatin increased plasma GLP-1 and APN levels and suppressed matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 gene expressions and activities in the aortas. Finally, the protective effect of pitavastatin was abrogated by APN blocking.

Conclusion

These findings suggested that the pitavastatin-mediated pleiotropic vasculoprotective effects are likely attributable, at least in part, to the elevation of GLP-1 and APN levels and the inhibition of diet-induced plaque inflammation, oxidative stress, and proteolysis in ApoE–/– mice received chronic stress conditions.
Single Nucleus RNA Sequence (snRNAseq) Analysis of the Spectrum of Trophoblast Lineages Generated From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in vitro
Authors: Khan Teka , Seetharam Arun S. , Zhou Jie , Bivens Nathan J. , Schust Danny J. , Ezashi Toshihiko , Tuteja Geetu , Roberts R. Michael
Published: July 2021

One model to study the emergence of the human trophoblast (TB) has been the exposure of pluripotent stem cells to bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) in presence of inhibitors of ACTIVIN/TGFB; A83–01 and FGF2; PD173074 (BAP), which generates a mixture of cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast, and cells with similarities to extravillous trophoblast. Here, H1 human embryonic stem cells were BAP-exposed under two O2 conditions (20% and 5%, respectively). At day 8, single nuclei RNA sequencing was used for transcriptomics analysis, thereby allowing profiling of fragile syncytial structures as well as the more resilient mononucleated cells. Following cluster analysis, two major groupings, one comprised of five (2,4,6,7,8) and the second of three (1,3,5) clusters were evident, all of which displayed recognized TB markers. Of these, two (2 and 3) weakly resembled extravillous trophoblast, two (5 and 6) strongly carried the hallmark transcripts of syncytiotrophoblast, while the remaining five were likely different kinds of mononucleated cytotrophoblast. We suggest that the two populations of nuclei within syncytiotrophoblast may have arisen from fusion events involving two distinct species of precursor cells. The number of differentially expressed genes between O2 conditions varied among the clusters, and the number of genes upregulated in cells cultured under 5% O2 was highest in syncytiotrophoblast cluster 6. In summary, the BAP model reveals an unexpectedly complex picture of trophoblast lineage emergence that will need to be resolved further in time-course studies.
Premyelinating Oligodendrocytes: Mechanisms Underlying Cell Survival and Integration
Authors: Hughes Ethan G. , Stockton Michael E.
Published: July 2021

In the central nervous system, oligodendrocytes produce myelin sheaths that enwrap neuronal axons to provide trophic support and increase conduction velocity. New oligodendrocytes are produced throughout life through a process referred to as oligodendrogenesis. Oligodendrogenesis consists of three canonical stages: the oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC), the premyelinating oligodendrocyte (preOL), and the mature oligodendrocyte (OL). However, the generation of oligodendrocytes is inherently an inefficient process. Following precursor differentiation, a majority of premyelinating oligodendrocytes are lost, likely due to apoptosis. If premyelinating oligodendrocytes progress through this survival checkpoint, they generate new myelinating oligodendrocytes in a process we have termed integration. In this review, we will explore the intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways that influence preOL survival and integration by examining the intrinsic apoptotic pathways, metabolic demands, and the interactions between neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and premyelinating oligodendrocytes. Additionally, we will discuss similarities between the maturation of newly generated neurons and premyelinating oligodendrocytes. Finally, we will consider how increasing survival and integration of preOLs has the potential to increase remyelination in multiple sclerosis. Deepening our understanding of premyelinating oligodendrocyte biology may open the door for new treatments for demyelinating disease and will help paint a clearer picture of how new oligodendrocytes are produced throughout life to facilitate brain function.
The Application of Imaging Flow Cytometry for Characterisation and Quantification of Bacterial Phenotypes
Authors: Power Ann L. , Barber Daniel G. , Groenhof Sophie R. M. , Wagley Sariqa , Liu Ping , Parker David A. , Love John
Published: July 2021

Bacteria modify their morphology in response to various factors including growth stage, nutrient availability, predation, motility and long-term survival strategies. Morphological changes may also be associated with specific physiological phenotypes such as the formation of dormant or persister cells in a “viable but non-culturable” (VBNC) state which frequently display different shapes and size compared to their active counterparts. Such dormancy phenotypes can display various degrees of tolerance to antibiotics and therefore a detailed understanding of these phenotypes is crucial for combatting chronic infections and associated diseases. Cell shape and size are therefore more than simple phenotypic characteristics; they are important physiological properties for understanding bacterial life-strategies and pathologies. However, quantitative studies on the changes to cell morphologies during bacterial growth, persister cell formation and the VBNC state are few and severely constrained by current limitations in the most used investigative techniques of flow cytometry (FC) and light or electron microscopy. In this study, we applied high-throughput Imaging Flow Cytometry (IFC) to characterise and quantify, at single-cell level and over time, the phenotypic heterogeneity and morphological changes in cultured populations of four bacterial species, Bacillus subtilis, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici and Escherichia coli. Morphologies in relation to growth stage and stress responses, cell integrity and metabolic activity were analysed. Additionally, we were able to identify and morphologically classify dormant cell phenotypes such as VBNC cells and monitor the resuscitation of persister cells in Escherichia coli following antibiotic treatment. We therefore demonstrate that IFC, with its high-throughput data collection and image capture capabilities, provides a platform by which a detailed understanding of changes in bacterial phenotypes and their physiological implications may be accurately monitored and quantified, leading to a better understanding of the role of phenotypic heterogeneity in the dynamic microbiome.
Predictive Value of the Triglyceride to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio for All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Death in Diabetic Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Treated With Statins
Authors: Wang Le , Cong Hongliang , Zhang Jingxia , Hu Yuecheng , Wei Ao , Zhang Yingyi , Yang Hua , Ren Libin , Qi Wei , Li Wenyu
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims: Studies have highlighted the role of the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio on subsequent cardiovascular events. However, the association of the TG/HDL-C ratio with survival outcomes in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) treated with statins remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of the TG/HDL-C ratio for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death in diabetic patients with CAD treated with statins.

Methods: The data of patients with type 2 diabetes and angiographically-confirmed CAD who were undergoing statin therapy and visited Tianjin Chest Hospital between January 2016 and September 2016 were retrospectively collected. The patients were categorized based on the baseline TG/HDL-C ratio tertile. Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression were applied to assess the role of the TG/HDL-C ratio in predicting all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death.

Results: A total of 2,080 patients were included. During the 4-year follow-up, 209 patients died, 136 of whom from cardiovascular death. The Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that an increased TG/HDL-C ratio was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (P < 0.001) and cardiovascular death (P < 0.001). The multivariate cox hazard regression analysis revealed a similar effect of the TG/HDL-C ratio on the risk of all-cause mortality (P = 0.046) and cardiovascular death (P = 0.009). The role of the TG/HDL-C ratio in predicting all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death was similar among all subgroups (P > 0.050). For all-cause mortality, the TG/HDL-C ratio significantly improved the C-statistic from 0.799 to 0.812 (P = 0.018), and the net reclassification index (NRI) and integrated discrimination index (IDI) were 0.252 (95% CI: 0.112–0.392; P < 0.001) and 0.012 (95% CI: 0.003–0.022; P = 0.012), respectively. Similarly, for cardiovascular death, the TG/HDL-C ratio significantly improved the C-statistic from 0.771 to 0.804 (P < 0.001), and the NRI and IDI were 0.508 (95% CI: 0.335–0.680; P < 0.001) and 0.033 (95% CI: 0.015–0.050; P < 0.001).

Conclusion: TG/HDL-C ratio might be useful for predicting all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death in diabetic patients with CAD treated with statins.
A Digital Personal Health Library for Enabling Precision Health Promotion to Prevent Human Papilloma Virus-Associated Cancers
Authors: Olusanya Olufunto A. , Ammar Nariman , Davis Robert L. , Bednarczyk Robert A. , Shaban-Nejad Arash
Published: July 2021

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States. Sexually active young adults are susceptible to HPV, accounting for approximately 50% of new STIs. Oncogenic HPV subtypes 16 and 18 are associated with squamous intraepithelial lesions and cancers and are mostly preventable through prophylactic HPV vaccination. Accordingly, this study's objectives are to (1) summarize SDoH barriers and implication for low HPV vaccination rates among young adults (18–26 years), (2) propose a digital health solution that utilizes the PHL to collect, integrate, and manage personalized sexual and health information, and (3) describe the features of the PHL-based app. Through the application of novel techniques from artificial intelligence, specifically knowledge representation, semantic web, and natural language processing, this proposed PHL-based application will compile clinical, biomedical, and SDoH data from multi-dimensional sources. Therefore, this application will provide digital health interventions that are customized to individuals' specific needs and capacities. The PHL-based application could promote management and usage of personalized digital health information to facilitate precision health promotion thereby, informing health decision-making regarding HPV vaccinations, routine HPV/STI testing, cancer screenings, vaccine safety/efficacy/side effects, and safe sexual practices. In addition to detecting vaccine hesitancy, disparities and perceived barriers, this application could address participants' specific needs/challenges with navigating health literacy, technical skills, peer influence, education, language, cultural and spiritual beliefs. Precision health promotion focused on improving knowledge acquisition and information-seeking behaviors, promoting safe sexual practices, increasing HPV vaccinations, and facilitating cancer screenings could be effective in preventing HPV-associated cancers.
The Copernicus Global 1/12° Oceanic and Sea Ice GLORYS12 Reanalysis
Authors: Jean-Michel Lellouche , Eric Greiner , Romain Bourdallé-Badie , Gilles Garric , Angélique Melet , Marie Drévillon , Clément Bricaud , Mathieu Hamon , Olivier Le Galloudec , Charly Regnier , Tony Candela , Charles-Emmanuel Testut , Florent Gasparin , Giovanni Ruggiero , Mounir Benkiran , Yann Drillet , Pierre-Yves Le Traon
Published: July 2021

GLORYS12 is a global eddy-resolving physical ocean and sea ice reanalysis at 1/12° horizontal resolution covering the 1993-present altimetry period, designed and implemented in the framework of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). The model component is the NEMO platform driven at the surface by atmospheric conditions from the ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis. Ocean observations are assimilated by means of a reduced-order Kalman filter. Along track altimeter sea level anomaly, satellite sea surface temperature and sea ice concentration, as well as in situ temperature and salinity vertical profiles are jointly assimilated. A 3D-VAR scheme provides an additional correction for the slowly-evolving large-scale biases in temperature and salinity. The performance of the reanalysis shows a clear dependency on the time-dependent in situ observation system. The general assessment of GLORYS12 highlights a level of performance at the state-of-the-art and the capacity of the system to capture the main expected climatic interannual variability signals for ocean and sea ice, the general circulation and the inter-basins exchanges. In terms of trends, GLORYS12 shows a higher than observed warming trend together with a slightly lower than observed global mean sea level rise. Comparisons made with an experiment carried out on the same platform without assimilation show the benefit of data assimilation in controlling water mass properties and sea ice cover and their low frequency variability. Moreover, GLORYS12 represents particularly well the small-scale variability of surface dynamics and compares well with independent (non-assimilated) data. Comparisons made with a twin experiment carried out at 1/4° resolution allows characterizing and quantifying the strengthened contribution of the 1/12° resolution onto the downscaled dynamics. GLORYS12 provides a reliable physical ocean state for climate variability and supports applications such as seasonal forecasts. In addition, this reanalysis has strong assets to serve regional applications and provide relevant physical conditions for applications such as marine biogeochemistry. In the near future, GLORYS12 will be maintained to be as close as possible to real time and could therefore provide relevant and continuous reference past ocean states for many operational applications.
Review on the Prevalence and Persistence of Neuromyths in Education – Where We Stand and What Is Still Needed
Authors: Grospietsch Finja , Lins Isabelle
Published: July 2021

The buzzwordbrain-based learningemerged in the 1970s and continues to fascinate teachers and learners in schools and universities today. However, what interested teachers often fail to realize is thatbrain-basedorbrain-friendly learningcan not only be a plausible concept, but also a myth when applied incorrectly. Numerous empirical studies reveal a high degree of support for misconceptions aboutlearning and the brain, known as neuromyths, among both pre-service and in-service teachers. When applied in the classroom, these myths can waste the educational system’s money, time and effort. Even though the neuromyths issue has been known for two decades and the topic remains a focus of constant research, even today, the research discourse barely goes beyond replicating the earliest research findings. This review article provides an overview of the theoretical and empirical state of research on neuromyths. As part of this, ten neuromyths on the subject oflearning and memorywill be described in terms of content and the results of prior studies on neuromyths will be summarized. The overview of the theoretical and empirical state of research serves as a basis for highlighting controversies, fundamental concepts, issues and problems, current research gaps and potential developments in the field. Topics discussed include whether controversial research findings on correlations with endorsement of neuromyths are merely a methodological artefact, and why contradictions exist between the theoretical and empirical state of research. In addition, three central research gaps will be identified: First, studies should be conducted on whether and to what extent the endorsement of neuromyths really deprives teachers and students of opportunities to spend the education system’s money, time and effort on more effective theories and methods. Second, there is too little work on developing and evaluating intervention approaches to combat neuromyths. Third, a standard scientific methodology or guidelines for determining new neuromyths are lacking. As desirable future developments in the field, more work educating people on neuromyths, uniform vocabulary, and interdisciplinary cooperation are highlighted. This contributes to answering the question of to what extent interweaving neuroscience, educational science and cognitive psychology can contribute to reducing the prevalence of neuromyths in education.
Central 5-HTR2C in the Control of Metabolic Homeostasis
Authors: Yao Ting , He Jiehui , Cui Zhicheng , Wang Ruwen , Bao Kaixuan , Huang Yiru , Wang Ru , Liu Tiemin
Published: July 2021

The 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor (5-HTR2C) is a class G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) enriched in the hypothalamus and the brain stem, where it has been shown to regulate energy homeostasis, including feeding and glucose metabolism. Accordingly, 5-HTR2C has been the target of several anti-obesity drugs, though the associated side effects greatly curbed their clinical applications. Dissecting the specific neural circuits of 5-HTR2C-expressing neurons and the detailed molecular pathways of 5-HTR2C signaling in metabolic regulation will help to develop better therapeutic strategies towards metabolic disorders. In this review, we introduced the regulatory role of 5-HTR2C in feeding behavior and glucose metabolism, with particular focus on the molecular pathways, neural network, and its interaction with other metabolic hormones, such as leptin, ghrelin, insulin, and estrogens. Moreover, the latest progress in the clinical research on 5-HTR2C agonists was also discussed.
Design and Evaluation of Fuzzy Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization Based Maximum Power Point Tracking on Photovoltaic System Under Partial Shading Conditions
Authors: Guo Liping , Abdul Nauman Moiz Mohammed
Published: July 2021

Artificial intelligence methods such as fuzzy logic and particle swarm optimization (PSO) have been applied to maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for solar panels. The P-V curve of a solar panel exhibits multiple peaks under partial shading condition (PSC) when all modules of a solar panel do not receive the same solar irradiation. Although conventional PSO has been shown to perform well under uniform insolation, it is often unable to find the global maximum power point under PSC. Fuzzy adaptive PSO controllers have been proposed for MPPT. However, the controller became computation-intensive in order to adjust the PSO parameters for each particle. In this paper, fuzzy adaptive PSO-based and conventional PSO-based MPPT are compared and evaluated in the aspect of design and performance. A simple fuzzy adaptive PSO controller for MPPT was designed to reach the global optimal point under PSC and uniform irradiation. The controller combines the advantages of both PSO and fuzzy control. The fuzzy controller dynamically adjusts the PSO parameter to improve the convergence speed and global search capability. Since tuning of the PSO parameter is designed to be common for all particles, it reduced the computation complexity. The fuzzy controller’s rule base is designed to obtain a fast transient response and stable steady state response. Design of the fuzzy adaptive PSO-based MPPT is verified with simulation results using a boost converter. The results are evaluated in comparison to the results using a conventional PSO controller under PSC. Simulation shows the fuzzy adaptive PSO-based MPPT is able to improve the global search process and increase the convergency speed. The comparison indicates the settling time using the fuzzy adaptive PSO-based MPPT is 14% faster under PSC on average and 30% faster under uniform irradiation than the settling time using the conventional PSO. Both the fuzzy adaptive and conventional PSO controllers have similar output power tracking accuracy.