bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tailored surgery in inguinal hernia repair. The role of subarachnoid anesthesia: a retrospective study
Authors: Palumbo Piergaspare , Usai Sofia , Amatucci Chiara , Cerasari Saverio , Perotti Bruno , Ruggeri Luca , Cirocchi Roberto , Tellan Guglielmo
Published: October 2019

Safety and effectiveness evaluation of subarachnoid anesthesia implemented with hyperbaric Prilocaine in reduced dose (30mg) in combination with Fentanyl (20mcg), for the purpose of ensuring an optimal analgesia in open inguinal hernia repair.

Although the local anesthesia is the first line treatment for open inguinal hernia repair, a minority of patients is not eligible because of obesity or big groin hernia, requiring a high dose of local anesthetic. Subarachnoid anesthesia implemented with hyperbaric Prilocaine in reduced dose in combination with Fentanyl may be a good alternative.

Thirty patients were treated with intrathecal association of Prilocaine 30 mg and Fentanyl 20 mcg (group PF); they were compared to a group of fifty three ones, previously treated with a classic procedure with intrathecal Prilocaine 60 mg (group P).

The sensitive blockage remained within an higher limit at T12 level in the patients of PF group, and a lower limit at S1 level 50 minutes after the anesthesia, while in the P group the anesthetic tended to migrate (p<0.0001). In PF group 70 minutes after the anesthesia 21 patients had a Bromage score equal to 0 and 9 patients equal to 9 (in P group, 19 patients had a score equal to 3, 8 to 2 and 3 to 1, p<0.0001).

Subarachnoid anesthesia using Prilocaine 30 mg + Fentanyl 20 mcg could be stated as a viable alternative to local anesthesia in selected patients.
Pain revised – learning from anomalies
Authors: Granan Lars-Petter
Published: October 2019

As professional health care personnel we are well educated in anatomy, physiology, clinical medicine and so forth. Our patients present with various symptoms and signs that we use this knowledge to diagnose and treat. But sometimes the patient case contradicts our knowledge. Since the patient is the terrain and our knowledge is the map, these patient cases are anomalies that give us the opportunity to update our maps. One such anomaly is how time restricted amnesia can improve or even eradicate an underlying chronic pain condition and eliminate the patient’s dependence on daily opioid consumption. In this short communication I will use amnesia as a starting point to briefly review chronic pain from a learning and memory perspective. I will introduce, for many readers, new concepts like degeneracy and criticality, and together with more familiar concepts like habits and brain network activity, we will end with overarching principles for how chronic pain treatment in general can be crafted and individualized almost independently of the chronic pain condition at hand. This introductory article is followed by a review series that elaborates on the fundamental biological principles for chronic pain, treatment options, and testing the theory with real world data.
A Mosaic of Land Tenure and Ownership Creates Challenges and Opportunities for Transboundary Conservation in the US-Mexico Borderlands
Authors: Villarreal Miguel L. , Haire Sandra L. , Bravo Juan Carlos , Norman Laura M.
Published: October 2019

In the Madrean Sky Islands of western North America, a mixture of public and private land ownership and tenure creates a complex situation for collaborative efforts in conservation. In this case study, we describe the current ownership and management structures in the US-Mexico borderlands where social, political, and economic conditions create extreme pressures on the environment and challenges for conservation. On the United States side of the border, sky island mountain ranges are almost entirely publicly owned and managed by federal, state, and tribal organizations that manage and monitor species, habitats, and disturbances including fire. In contrast, public lands are scarce in the adjacent mountain ranges of Mexico, rather, a unique system of private parcels and communal lands makes up most of Mexico’s Natural Protected Areas. Several of the Protected Area reserves in Mexico form a matrix that serves to connect scattered habitats for jaguars dispersing northward toward public and private reserves in the United States from their northernmost breeding areas in Mexico. Despite the administrative or jurisdictional boundaries superimposed upon the landscape, we identify two unifying management themes that encourage collaborative management of transboundary landscape processes and habitat connectivity: jaguar conservation and wildfire management. This case study promotes understanding of conservation challenges as they are perceived and managed in a diversity of settings across the US-Mexico borderlands. Ultimately, recognizing the unique and important contributions of people living and working under different systems of land ownership and tenure will open doors for partnerships in achieving common goals. Una versión en español de este artículo está disponible como descarga.
Endangered Butterflies and their Non-Native Host Plants: Examining Shifting Values of Belonging in Restoration
Authors: Anderson Robert M. , Lambert Amy M.
Published: October 2019

The island marble butterfly (Euchloe ausonides insulanus), thought to be extinct throughout the 20th century until re-discovered on a single remote island in Puget Sound in 1998, has become the focus of a concerted protection effort to prevent its extinction. However, efforts to “restore” island marble habitat conflict with efforts to “restore” the prairie ecosystem where it lives, because of the butterfly’s use of a non-native “weedy” host plant. Through a case study of the island marble project, we examine the practice of ecological restoration as the enactment of particular norms that define which species are understood to belong in the place being restored. We contextualize this case study within ongoing debates over the value of “native” species, indicative of deep-seated uncertainties and anxieties about the role of human intervention to alter or manage landscapes and ecosystems, in the time commonly described as the “Anthropocene.” We interpret the question of “what plants and animals belong in a particular place?” as not a question of scientific truth, but a value-laden construct of environmental management in practice, and we argue for deeper reflexivity on the part of environmental scientists and managers about the social values that inform ecological restoration.
Bobs and the “Character of Our Citizenship”
Authors: Payne Leah
Published: October 2019

Many view the twenty-first-century white Pentecostal-charismatic rejection of feminism, and enthusiasm for self-professed harasser of women, Donald J. Trump, as a departure from the movement’s late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century origins wherein many Pentecostal-charismatic women were welcomed into the public office of the ministry. Early Pentecostal writings, however, demonstrate that twenty-first-century white Pentecostal orientations toward women in public life are based in the movement’s early theological notions that women must uphold the American home, “rightly” ordered according to traditionally conservative, white, middle-class norms. An America wherein women work and minister primarily in the domicile, according to early white Pentecostals, would be a powerful instrument of God in the world. Thus, no matter how transgressive they may have appeared when it came to women speaking from the pulpit, for the most part, white Pentecostals sought to conserve the traditional social order of the home.
Separating Church and State in Italy
Authors: Homer Michael W.
Published: October 2019

In 1852 King Victor Emmanuel’s ministers proposed legislation to recognize civil marriages in the Kingdom of Sardinia (Piedmont). This proposal was opposed by Pope Pius IX and other Catholic apologists who argued that it would result in undermining the official status of the Catholic Church and one of the church’s sacraments. Even worse it would mean that Jewish and Protestant marriages would be recognized. This legislation coincided with Mormon missionaries proselytizing in Torino and the public announcement that the church practiced polygamy. Catholic opponents of this legislation argued that even Mormon polygamous marriages would be recognized if the legislation passed. During fierce debates that took place Catholic apologists also claimed that Mormons formed alliances with other Protestant “sects” to push through the civil marriage litigation. The specter of Mormon plural marriages in a civil marriage system continued to be mentioned until civil marriages were finally recognized in 1865.
Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor activation modulates postnatal growth
Authors: Faught Erin , Vijayan Mathilakath M
Published: October 2019

During early development, stress or exogenous glucocorticoid (GC) administration reduces body mass in vertebrates, and this is associated with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation. Although GCs also activate the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), the physiological significance of MR activation on early developmental growth is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that activation of both GR and MR are required for postnatal growth suppression by GCs. Differential regulation of GR and MR activation was achieved by using ubiquitous GR- (GRKO) and MR- (MRKO) knockout zebrafish (Danio rerio) in combination with exogenous cortisol treatment. MR activation increased protein deposition in zebrafish larvae and also upregulated lepa and downregulated lepr transcript abundance. Cortisol treatment reduced body mass and protein content in the WT, and this corresponded with the upregulation of muscle proteolytic markers, including murf1 and redd1 by GR activation. The combined activation of MR and GR by cortisol also upregulated the gh and igf1 transcript abundance, and insulin expression compared to the WT. However, cortisol-mediated reduction in body mass and protein content required the activation of both MR and GR, as activation by GR alone (MRKO + cortisol) did not reduce the larval protein content. Collectively, our results indicate that MR activation favors protein deposition and GR activation stimulates proteolysis, while their combined activation is involved in cortisol-mediated growth suppression. Overall, this work provides insight into the physiological significance of MR activation in regulating protein deposition during early development at a systems level.
Arte als Pionier beim Aufbau einer europäischen Plattform
Authors: Cote Marysabelle
Published: October 2019

Seit geraumer Zeit wird in Europa die Idee einer europäischen Alternative, eines Gegengewichts zur Marktmacht amerikanischer Internetriesen, diskutiert. Gerade Plattformen und Streaminganbieter, die so groß sind, dass sie die Regeln bestimmen und weltweit die Verbreitung von Programmen maßgeblich mitgestalten, sind immer wieder Kritik ausgesetzt. Medienschaffende, die Politik – auf nationaler und europäischer Ebene – und die öffentlich-rechtlichen Medien debattieren regelmäßig zu diesem Thema. In einem Punkt sind sich dabei alle einig: Die derzeitige Dominanz US-amerikanischer Internetriesen hat ein Ausmaß erreicht, das auf Dauer nur Schaden anrichten kann. Der Vorstoß des BR-Intendanten und ARD-Vorsitzenden Ulrich Wilhelm, im Gegenzug eine europäische Plattform ins Leben zu rufen, welche die digitale Souveränität Europas gewährleisten soll, greift diese Kritik auf. Dieser Vorschlag stieß in Europa auf große Resonanz und bestätigt Europas ausdrücklichen Willen, der amerikanischen Dominanz auf dem Medienmarkt Paroli zu bieten. Diese Idee einer europäischen, technologischen und digitalen Souveränität zeigt deutlich, dass Handlungsbedarf besteht.
Allianzen im Werbemarkt
Authors: Krohn Tobias
Published: October 2019

In den vergangenen zwölf Monaten hat sich die Organisation in der Vermarktung der Werberäume der Medienunternehmen der RTL-Gruppe und von Gruner + Jahr grundlegend verändert. Aus vormals getrennt agierenden Einheiten (IP Deutschland und G+J EMS) soll nun eine Einheit werden, die „Ad Alliance“, die übergreifend die Medien der beteiligten Unternehmen vermarktet. Solche „Vermarktungsallianzen“ sind Kooperationen von Unternehmen, die gemeinsam Werberaum vermarkten. Kooperationen von Unternehmen sind nicht ungewöhnlich, doch was sind die Vorteile einer „Werbeallianz“? Wie und warum entsteht so etwas? Ist dies ein neues Phänomen, das sich aus bestimmten sich geänderten Rahmenbedingungen ergibt? Und welche Variablen können Werbeallianzen bedingen oder deren Bildung unterstützen? Diese Fragen sollen im Folgenden unter unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln betrachtet werden, um herauszufinden, welches die Ursachen für eine Entwicklung hin zu Werbeallianzen sein könnten und was für strategische Überlegungen dabei eine Rolle spielen können. Dann sollen beispielhaft einige Vermarktungsallianzen in Deutschland untersucht werden, um festzustellen, wie diese einzuordnen und zu bewerten sind.
Tagungsbericht: Lokalrundfunktage 2019 in Nürnberg
Authors: Grünewald Kerstin
Published: October 2019

Audio erlebt in den letzten Monaten einen regelrechten Boom. Ausgelöst wurde er in erster Linie durch Musikstreaming- Dienste, Podcasts und Smartspeaker. Was bedeutet das für die Radiobranche? Bei den 27. Lokalrundfunktagen, die am 2. und 3. Juli 2019 in Nürnberg stattgefunden haben, drehte sich alles um Innovationen, neue Technologien und Produktentwicklungen, durch die auch lokale Sender vom Audioboom profitieren können.
ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЙНІ РИЗИКИ У СУЧАСНОМУ ПОЛІТИЧНОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ:
Authors: KrivosheYin VItalIy Volodimirovich
Published: October 2019

Крізь призму соціологічного знання розкрито сутнісні характеристики ідентифікаційних ризиків, що продукуються сучасним політичним процесом. Зокрема, показано, що в сучасному суспільстві відбувається зміна ідентифікаційних практик, які обумовленні трансформацією загальнокультурної ідентичності, в основу якої покладено нове розуміння ризику як продукту ухвалення рішення. Наголошено, що політичний процес зачіпає, насамперед, інституційний рівень суспільства, який через систему соціальних (і особливо політичних) інститутів впливає на процес ідентифікації особистості. Саме завдяки нормальному функціонуванню соціальних інститутів підтримується спільна кооперативна діяльність людей у групах і організаціях. На основі такої інтеграції у індивіда формується почуття приналежності до соціальної групи, яке забезпечує, з одного боку, підпорядкування особистості існуючим нормам, а, з іншого, груповий захист і систему оцінки та самооцінки, що, в свою чергу, сприяє підтримці стабільності і цілісності суспільства. Порушення нормального функціонування соціальних інститутів веде до порушення ідентифікаційних процесів.
АГЕНТИ ДЕМОКРАТИЧНИХ ЗМІН:
Authors: Mohammad Mahmud Islam AlmughId
Published: October 2019

Розглядаються агенти демократичних змін як суб'єкти політичного процесу, та громадські актори, які виступають з позицій демократичних перетворень, ухвалення конкретних нормативних змін тощо. Вивчаються напрямки обговорення теми агентів демократичних змін на науковому рівні, що визначає можливості підвищення темпів демократизації країн що розвиваються, та, країн, які частково пройшли шлях демократизації. Розкриваються проактивна позиція молоді як агента демократичних змін на прикладі беруть активну участі молодих людей у суспільних рухах. Встановлюються особливості участі громадських активістів у політичному процесі. Обговорюється значення ангажованості політичними інтересами та процесами не лише соціально-демографічних групп, але й конкретних осіб. Вивчається інституційне середовище країн, що розвиваються, агенти демократичних змін розглядається у широкому сенсі. Досліджується участь жінок як агентів змін у процесах демократизації  у зв’язку з особливостями поведінки політичної еліти та перебирання нею політичної відповідальності.
ИНФОРМАЦИОННАЯ ПОЛИТИКА:
Authors: Mihaylyuk Aleksandr Vladimirovich , Vershina Viktoriya Anatolevna
Published: October 2019

Рассматривается смысл и содержание понятия «информационнная политика». Смысл понятия «информационная политика» раскрывается через понимание слагаемых «информационная» и «политика». Понятие «политика» выступает здесь как имя существительное, подчиняющее понятие, а «информационная» – как имя прилагательное, характеризующее основное понятие «политика». Т.е. понятие «политика» шире, чем понятие «информационная политика» и перекрывает последнее.

Политика рассматривается как разновидность управления. В основе политики лежат властные отношения, отношения руководства – подчинения. Информация рассматривается как результат внешнего знакового воздействия и его интерпретации, а не собственного опыта человека. Власть и ее осуществление рассматривается как коммуникационный процесс.

Информационная политика представляет собой использование информации как средства для достижения политических и иных целей, информационное воздействие политических акторов друг на друга. Власть – это информационное взаимодействие между управляющим и управляемым. В информационном обществе политика и информация – взаимозависимые явления, которые влияют друг на друга в процессе социального управления. Информационная политика является регулятором большинства сфер жизнедеятельности человека.
КОНВЕНЦІЯ ПРО ПРАВОВИЙ СТАТУС КАСПІЙСЬКОГО МОРЯ ЯК ГАРАНТ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ
Authors: Mustafazade Parvana Telman kizi
Published: October 2019

У статті досліджена політико-правова особливість статусу Каспійського моря. Визначені основні етапи переговорного процесу прикаспійських держав та здійснено аналіз основних положень Конвенції про правовий статус Каспійського моря. Стверджується, що прийняття цього документу вплинуло на формування регіональної безпеки. Офіційно прикаспійські держави домовились про недопустимість присутності третіх сторін в Каспійському морі. Вказані основні прогалини, які залишаються не узгодженими між сторонами.
Coinfección natural de virus de ARN en cultivos de papa (Solanum tuberosum subsp. Andigena) en Antioquia (Colombia)
Authors: Gallo García Yuliana Marcela , Sierra Mejía Andrea , Donaire Segarra Livia , Aranda Miguel , Gutiérrez Sánchez Pablo Andres , Marín Montoya Mauricio
Published: October 2019

Las enfermedades virales son uno de los principales problemas fitopatológicos de la papa. Con el fin de determinar los virus más prevalentes en cultivos de papa var. Diacol Capiro en el oriente Antioqueño (Colombia), se evaluó mediante RT-qPCR la presencia de diez virus de ARN (PVY, PVA, PVV, TaLMV, PVS, PLRV, PYVV, PVX, ToRSV y PMTV) en 36 muestras de tejido foliar. Los resultados indicaron la ocurrencia de cinco de los diez virus evaluados, con niveles de prevalencia de 88,9 %, 75 %, 75 %, 41,7 % y 25 % para PVY, PVX, PYVV, PLRV y PVS, respectivamente. Con fines comparativos, cuatro virus también se evaluaron mediante ELISA, siendo detectados PVS (80,5 %), PVY (55 %) y PLRV (5,5 %); mientras que PVX no fue encontrado con esta prueba. La comparación de estas técnicas mediante la razón de prevalencia (RP), indicó que la RT-qPCR ofrece niveles superiores de detección con valores de RP = 1,6 y RP = 7,5 para los virus PVY y PLRV; mientras que para PVS la ELISA detectó más muestras positivas que RT-qPCR (RP = 3,22), evidenciándose la necesidad de diseñar nuevos cebadores ajustados a la diversidad de este virus en Antioquia. La coinfección mixta más frecuente fue PVY-PYVV-PVX (22,2 %), mientras que los cinco virus se encontraron en el 11,1 % de las muestras. Finalmente, utilizando secuenciación Sanger de la cápside y NGS para los genomas completos, se confirmó la circulación de todos los virus detectados en los cultivos de papa del oriente Antioqueño. Estos resultados señalan la necesidad de fortalecer los programas de manejo integrado de enfermedades virales en Antioquia.
Cell culture isolation of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 Strain obtained from human feces
Authors: Quintero-Gil Carolina , Mirazo Santiago , Parra-Suescún Jaime , López-Herrera Albeiro , Mainardi Victoria , Arbiza Juan , Orduz Sergio
Published: October 2019

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is considered one of the leading causes of acute viral hepatitis worldwide, and about 20 million infections and approximately 57 000 deaths occurred every year. However, little is known about the replicative virus cycle due to the absence of a consensus cell culture model. A549 cell line is considered susceptible to HEV genotype 3, however, both viral strain and cell culture conditions could affect the viral isolation in vitro. The objective of this work was to isolate in vitro an HEV-3 strain obtained from human feces. To this, a genotype 3 HEV strain previously identified by genetic characterization was inoculated in A549 monolayers, and incubated for two hours at 37 °C. Five days post-infection, cells were passaged (subcultured) for the first time, and serial passages were done on average every four days during 41 days. HEV replication was evaluated through RT-qPCR in each passage, and reinfection of the cell line with the viral progeny derived from A549 infected monolayers was assessed through immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR. Viral RNA was detected in each passage from infected monolayers, and the highest amount was found after 26 days (2 x 106 copies/μL). In reinfection assay, capsid antigen was detected perinuclearly and forming foci, and 1x104 copies/μL of viral RNA was detected after 96 hours post infection. This shows that HEV recovered from the cell lysate monolayers was infectious. This viral isolate offers a critical tool to study the unknown aspect of HEV infection.
Caracterización molecular de un nuevo begomovirus aislado de cinco especies de arvenses colectadas en cultivos de tomate en Valle del Cauca
Authors: López-López Karina , Jara-Tejada Frenyiline , Vaca-Vaca Juan Carlos
Published: October 2019

Las arvenses son hospederos alternos de begomovirus (Geminiviridae), los cuales facilitan su persistencia y propagación a cultivos de interés agronómico, como el tomate. El objetivo de esta investigación fue obtener el genoma completo de un begomovirus bipartita encontrado en Amaranthus dubius, Rivina humilis, Rhynchosia minima, Desmodium sp. y Caesalpinia sp., las cuales fueron colectadas en cultivos de tomate en Ginebra y Cerrito, Valle del Cauca. El genoma del begomovirus fue obtenido utilizando amplificación por círculo rodante y digestión con las enzimas EcoRI y EcoRV, las cuáles cortan el componente genómico A y B, respectivamente. Estos fragmentos fueron clonados, secuenciados y analizados. Finalmente, se verificó la presencia de este begomovirus en todas las arvenses mediante PCR específico. Se obtuvieron tres clonas EcoRI y cinco clonas EcoRV. Los fragmentos que portan los componentes A y B presentan un tamaño de 2 584 y 2 543 nt, respectivamente. El análisis de secuencia de nucleótidos del genoma begomoviral A con otros begomovirus previamente reportados, mostró la mayor identidad (90,9 %) con el virus del mosaico dorado de Rhynchosia de Yucatán. Tomando como base el criterio de demarcación actual para las especies de Begomovirus establecido por el Comité Internacional de Taxonomía de Virus, el geminivirus aislado de las arvenses A. dubius, R. humilis, R. minima, Desmodium sp. y Caesalpinia sp., constituye una nueva especie begomoviral. Con base en la sintomatología observada en campo, se propone el nombre de Virus del mosaico dorado de Rhynchosia de Colombia para designar a esta nueva especie.
Amplificación de la infección dependiente de anticuerpos en la inmunopatogénesis del dengue grave, implicaciones para el desarrollo y uso de las vacunas
Authors: Cáceres Munar Brian Alejandro , Castellanos Parra Jaime Eduardo , Rodríguez Panduro Mauricio Humberto
Published: October 2019

Actualmente, la infección por el virus de dengue (DENV) es uno de los problemas más importantes de salud pública en países tropicales y endémicos como Colombia, pues en tanto puede ser producida por cuatro diferentes serotipos virales, durante las infecciones secundarias se presentan frecuentemente cuadros más severos que incluso pueden llevar a desenlaces fatales. El centro de la fisiopatología del dengue grave es el daño producido al endotelio, que se traduce en un aumento en la permeabilidad vascular que se evidencia como fuga plasmática, descontrol en la coagulación y daño de órganos. Aunque hay varias teorías que explican la enfermedad severa, el fenómeno denominado amplificación de la infección dependiente de anticuerpos (antibody dependent enhancement, ADE) es el más conocido. En este, se postula que el virus causante de una infección secundaria es reconocido, pero no neutralizado, por anticuerpos generados en la infección previa e internalizado en las células susceptibles usando receptores Fc-gamma, lo cual aumenta la replicación viral e induce modificaciones en la respuesta inmune celular que contribuyen al desarrollo de dengue grave. En este escrito, se realiza una revisión de los hallazgos sobre los mecanismos involucrados en el fenómeno de ADE y cómo pueden contribuir a la progresión hacia dengue grave, describiendo los conceptos de ADE extrínseco e intrínseco, además de como este fenómeno debe ser tenido en cuenta para el diseño, desarrollo e implementación de una vacuna para dengue, en tanto es capaz de afectar su eficacia y seguridad.
Projeto Ético-Político do Serviço Social e a construção de um Projeto Educacional Classista
Authors: Santana Joana Valente , Ferreira Benedito De Jesus Pinheiro
Published: October 2019

Este artigo, baseado em levantamento bibliográfico e documental, analisa a forma como a educação se insere no processo de luta de classes no contexto atual de degradação dos direitos sociais, resultante da efetivação de políticas neoliberais. Analisa as contradições entre distintos projetos de educação, ligadasao processo de privatização dos serviços educacionais e descaracterização de seu sentido público e social. Contrariamente a essa tendência, discute-se uma concepção de educação capaz de articular-se a um projeto de superação do capitalismo, como condição para a emancipação humana. Aponta a atualidade do projeto ético-político do Serviço Social na construção de um projeto classista de educação que, ancorado na tradição marxista, valorize a formação profissional, a produção do conhecimento, o exercício profissional em articulação às lutas sociais em geral e em defesa da educação pública, laica, gratuita e de qualidade, referenciada em um projeto anticapitalista de sociedade.
Marx e a pobreza ou a influência do aumento do capital para a classe trabalhadora
Authors: Escurra María Fernanda
Published: October 2019

O artigo, inicialmente, problematiza a ampla utilização nos estudos sobre pobreza desde uma perspectiva marxista da “Lei Geral da Acumulação Capitalista”, apresentada por Marx no capítulo XXIII do Livro Primeiro de O Capital. Tais estudos parecem considerar que, nesse capítulo, o objetivo específico de Marx é discutir a questão da pobreza. Em seguida, o artigo sustenta que a rigor a Lei não consiste, como costuma ser lida, em uma “teoria da pauperização” desenvolvida por Marx. Com isso, revela, na sequência, que o seu objetivo é examinar a influência que o aumento do capital tem sobre a sorte da classe trabalhadora a partir da apresentação da lei tendencial característica da dinâmica do capitalismo. Destaca-se que na exposição realizada por Marx são colocadas em questão as condições vitais e de trabalho de forma ampla, não limitando a análise à preocupação com possíveis aumentos salariais ou melhoria da qualidade de vida como resultado de um maior acesso ao consumo no interior dessa forma de organização social.
Conflitos de classes, defesa de direitos e Serviço Social
Authors: Hillesheim Jaime
Published: October 2019

A partir de pressupostos marxianos e marxistas, em particular, das contribuições de György Lukács sobre o direito como ideologia, procura-se, aqui, instigar a reflexão sobre os desafios teóricos e práticos do serviço social no tempo presente, para que a profissão não veja seu projeto ético-político capitular em face da intensificação da ofensiva do capital sobre o trabalho. No presente artigo são abordadas, essencialmente, as contradições do trabalho do assistente social na defesa e ampliação dos direitos em face da lógica própria da sociabilidade burguesa. São situados os desafios impostos pelos limites dessa sociabilidade que exigem, para o seu enfrentamento, a compreensão da teoria social crítica, haja vista seu potencial de subsidiar o trabalho profissional em consonância com os valores e princípios constantes do projeto supracitado.
Impacto de uma estratégia de manejo do excesso de peso infanto-juvenil
Authors: Souza Lisete Griebeler , Santos Zilda Elizabeth de Albuquerque , Beghetto Mariur Gomes , Mello Elza Daniel de
Published: October 2019

AIMS: To evaluate, through anthropometric and biochemical parameters, the impact of an overweight management strategy implemented in an outpatient clinic for childhood obesity in a public hospital.METHODS: Retrospective analysis of a cohort of 206 children and adolescents with a diagnosis of obesity or overweight, aged between 5 and 17 years, attended between 2010 and 2014 with an average period of three months during one year. The strategy evaluated consisted of counseling, with guidelines aimed at reducing sedentary activity time and increased physical activity and nutritional guidelines for healthier food choices. Were evaluated anthropometric parameters (body mass index, z-escore of body mass index by age, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist hip ratio) and biochemistry (fasting glucose, fasting insulinemia, homeostasis model assessment, total cholesterol (CT), high density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein (LDL-c), triclycerides (TG) at the baseline, at 6 and 12 months of follow-up. Statistical analyzes were performed in the IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0, using the Generalized Estimating Equations model.RESULTS: In 12 months, there was a significant reduction in BMI, Z score of BMI/age, percentage of individuals with BMI/age z score ≥ +2, WHR, percentage of individuals with WC > p90 and HC (p<0,001). Serum glycemia and insulin levels did not show significant reduction, only a trend, as did TC, LDL-c and TG, but HDL-c levels had a significant increase (p=0.035).CONCLUSIONS: This strategy of management of childhood and adolescent overweight, based on counseling, made it possible to reduce significantly the levels of overweight, although the biochemical parameters were not reduced in the same proportion.
Clinical and Histopathological Concordance of oral Bone Lesions. Retrospective Study
Authors: Boza Oreamuno DDS, MSc Yadira V. , López Soto DDS, MSc Andrea
Published: October 2019

Bone lesions of the jaws have their origin from odontogenic and non-odontogenic structures. They can be benign or malignant, asymptomatic, they can be located around the root of the tooth, around the crown and in the interradicular area or they may not be related to the teeth. OBJECTIVE: to determine the frequency of the different bone lesions and the concordance between the clinical and histopathological diagnosis, in the clinical internship of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Costa Rica (UCR). METHODOLOGY: retrospective study of bone lesions recovered from the biopsy archive of the Faculty of Dentistry of the UCR from 2008 to 2015. Information on sex, age, location of the lesion, clinical diagnosis and diagnosis were evaluated and described. The agreement between the clinical and histopathological diagnosis was verified by the Kappa test. RESULTS: The 77 cases of oral bone lesions preferentially affected men 53.8% (n=41), the average age was 34.7 years (s.d.±19.6) and with lesions predominantly located in the posterior jaw 36.4% (n=28) and anterior maxilla 35.1% (n=27). Odontogenic cysts (OC) 42.9% (n=33), non-specific or unclassified diagnosis 28.6% (n=22) and inflammatory lesions of pulp and periapical origin 14.2% (n=11). TOs accounted for 7.8% (n=6) of the lesions. The four most predominant lesions were the radicular cyst, nonspecific diagnosis, dentigerous cyst and periapical granuloma. Concordance with the first diagnostic hypothesis was presented in 24 (31.2%) cases, the value of Kappa was 0.274 (discrete concordance) and 20.8% without clinical diagnosis only a description of the lesion. CONCLUSIONS: The OC were the predominant; being individually the radicular cyst the most frequent lesion. The clinical and histopathological concordance was discrete.
The Spiritual Culture of Food: Eating Customs in Early Sufism
Authors: Salamah-Qudsi Arin
Published: October 2019

Studying food culture in early Sufism has been paid little scholarly attention, though it is able to afford us a way of reconstructing one of the pillars of early Sufi practice. This paper examines two aspects of Sufi food culture—individual and communal ‘food fashions’ with a special focus on 4th/10th-century Sufism. The exploration of early Sufi social relations is closely bound up with the food culture and eating manners of early Sufis. This profoundly social activity played a large role in forming and transforming collective Sufi identity. Al-Makkī'sQūt al-qulūbgains a special reference being the most important textbook on eating customs in the period under investigation.
Hile ü hud’a: Deception, Dissimulation and Manipulation of Information in 16th-century Ottoman Empire
Authors: Gürkan Emrah Safa
Published: October 2019

This paper engages in methods of deception, dissimulation and manipulation that the Ottoman Empire employed in the 16th century. It demonstrates how the Ottomans misled their enemies in realms of diplomacy and warfare by feeding them with tailored information. They did not only successfully hide the target of their military preparations from enemy spies and foreign ambassadors, but also resorted to disinformation in order to manipulate diplomatic negotiations. Moreover, Ottoman commanders employed a number of tricks and ruses in order to gain the upper hand on the battlefield.
The entheogenic origins of Mormonism: A working hypothesis
Authors: Beckstead Robert , Blankenagel Bryce , Noconi Cody , Winkelman Michael
Published: October 2019

Historical documents relating to early Mormonism suggest that Joseph Smith (1805–1844) employed entheogen-infused sacraments to fulfill his promise that every Mormon convert would experience visions of God and spiritual ecstasies. Early Mormon scriptures and Smith’s teachings contain descriptions consistent with using entheogenic material. Compiled descriptions of Joseph Smith’s earliest visions and early Mormon convert visions reveal the internal symptomology and outward bodily manifestations consistent with using an anticholinergic entheogen. Due to embarrassing symptomology associated with these manifestations, Smith sought for psychoactives with fewer associated outward manifestations. The visionary period of early Mormonism fueled by entheogens played a significant role in the spectacular rise of this American-born religion. The death of Joseph Smith marked the end of visionary Mormonism and the failure or refusal of his successor to utilize entheogens as a part of religious worship. The implications of an entheogenic origin of Mormonism may contribute to the broader discussion of the major world religions with evidence of entheogen use at their foundation and illustrate the value of entheogens in religious experience.
Homotopy properties of smooth functions on the Möbius band
Authors: Kuznietsova Iryna , Maksymenko Sergiy
Published: October 2019

Let $B$ be a M\"obius band and $f:B \to \mathbb{R}$ be a Morse map taking a constant value on $\partial B$, and $\mathcal{S}(f,\partial B)$ be the group of diffeomorphisms $h$ of $B$ fixed on $\partial B$ and preserving $f$ in the sense that $f\circ h = f$.
Under certain assumptions on $f$ we compute the group $\pi_0\mathcal{S}(f,\partial B)$ of isotopy classes of such diffeomorphisms.
In fact, those computations hold for functions $f:B\to\mathbb{R}$ whose germs at critical points are smoothly equivalent to homogeneous polynomials $\mathbb{R}^2\to\mathbb{R}$ without multiple factors.
Together with previous results of the second author this allows to compute similar groups for certain classes of smooth functions $f:N\to\mathbb{R}$ on non-orientable compact surfaces $N$.
Organizational Structure, Channels and Methods of Propaganda Work of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany, 1945–1949
Authors: Boldyrev Roman , Morré Jörg
Published: October 2019

Introduction. The paper deals with the issues of the propaganda system in the Soviet Occupation Zone in Germany (SOZ) between 1945 and 1949. Based on de-classified documents from Russian Archives propaganda organization, channels and methods of propaganda units of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAG) became a subject to study. The authors emphasize on control means towards German mass media and implementing the Soviet propaganda monopoly in East Germany.

Methods and materials. The authors consequently analyze the main channels and methods of positive USSR image broadcasting: radio, press, SMAG propaganda unit lectures, people’s education system, activities of society for Soviet cultural studies, acquaintance trips of German delegations to the USSR, presentations of Soviet exhibitions and films.

Analysis and Results. The authors come to a conclusion that the Soviet propaganda in East Germany had a low efficiency. It failed to establish a complete monopoly of Soviet propaganda units in East Germany. The SOZ population could access the propaganda from West Germany and West Berlin, which broadcast a radically negative image of the USSR. Besides, the units and institutions of the Group of Soviet Occupation Troops in Germany (GSOTG) created their own image of Soviet people, which was different from the ideal and broadcast one. Thus, it turned out to be impossible to provide the unification of the broadcast and perception of propagandist materials devoted to the USSR and its population. Soviet propaganda in Germany had gone through the transition by the late 1940s: division of Germany in two states appeared to be a reality, and the establishment of socialist society on Stalin’s model took place in East Germany. Ideological revisiting of the Soviet social constitution, and so its supremacy over the bourgeois one was to replace the conventional image of the country of total welfare and happiness.
Сooperation of the Kyrgyz Republic with the Chinese People’s Republic Within the Framework of the “One Belt – One Way” Project
Authors: Omurova Jamyikat
Published: October 2019

Introduction. The article presents the author’s interpretation of the Kyrgyz-Chinese cooperation within the framework of “One Belt – One Way” (OBOW) strategy. On the basis of the studied materials, the author analyzes positive and negative factors and problems of implementing “One Belt – One Way” project between the two countries. The researcher pays particular attention to the prospects of the project in creating favorable conditions for close economic ties between the regions of the two countries that lie along the Silk Road.

Methods. The historical and legal, comparative and other methods form the theoretical and methodological basis of the article. The historiography of the issue – the consideration of Chinese “One Belt – One Way” strategy in the Kyrgyz Republic by foreign and Kyrgyz scientists and expert communities – is a direct object of the study.

Analysis. The activity of the Chinese OBOW initiative should be considered in the context of the integration of the Kyrgyz Republic into the world community, thereby determining its place and role, its political and legal system. Many Western and Russian scientists believe that the main tool for promoting the Chinese strategy in relations with partners is the provision of loans, which cannot but cause concern and discussion around the OBOW project. The main debatable dominants in the analysis of facts and analytics are investment, trade and economic, transport and infrastructure directions, and mining industry.

Results. The results of the study show that the potential areas for expanding the Chinese presence in Kyrgyzstan will remain transport and communications, mining, hydropower, etc. In Kyrgyzstan, the Chinese OBOW initiative is treated differently, there are a lot of positive and negative opinions concerning it. First, the OBOW project is perceived as a competitor to the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in Eurasia. Second, the migration flows of Chinese citizens are increasing every year, the “Chinese demographic threat” is growing every year, and the people of Kyrgyzstan are concerned about this issue. Third, environmental safety, the safety of life and health of people, flora and fauna, the environment and others are also concerned. Fourth, the corruption of some Chinese companies creates a negative opinion of citizens.
Iran Nuclear Deal: Its Political and Economic Implications for the Region as a Whole and for Pakistan
Authors: Shah Muhammad , Nawaz Rab , Mahsud Muhammad
Published: October 2019

Introduction. No doubt that the Iran-USA nuclear deal of 2015 got fame in the international politics. Some countries were in favor of such a deal and some were against this development. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has more concerns over the Iran nuclear deal, it feels that after the deal Iran will become a regional power and will increase its military and political power which will disturb the regional security and stability. As the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) itself provokes the creation of such conditions, thus their influence in the Middle East will be affected.

Analysis. The article analyzes the concerns of Israel, implications for Turkey, the question why deal is beneficial for Pakistan, economic concerns of Saudi Arabia, implications for Persian Gulf and Middle East, economic implications for Turkey, economic opportunities for Pakistan. After the nuclear deal, Iran becomes a regional power and increases its political and economic influence in the region, especially in the Persian Gulf. The world says that Iran cannot get nuclear weapons after the deal because it has no such a capacity. However, according to some findings from the documents of the deal Iran is not blocked to become a nuclear power and the deal legitimizes the nuclear program. So, on the other hand after the Iran nuclear deal the regional political and economic environment is totally favorable to Iran. On the other hand, scholars believe that the United States of America (USA) operate in terms of diplomatic competition. From the economic standpoint, the deal will be favorable for Iran. Thus, some countries have objections related to the deal, while others express a positive attitude towards it.

Results. Pakistan will be able to generate economic opportunities from Iran, especially with the help of Iran-Pakistan-India Gas pipeline project (IPI project). Consequences of the deal will be beneficial for the regional economic development of the Middle East and South Asia respectively.
PHENOTYPIC AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROVESICLES PRODUCED BY NATURAL KILLER CELLS
Authors: Sokolov D. I. , Markova K. L. , Mikhailova V. A. , Vyazmina L. P. , Milyutina Yu. P. , Kozyreva A. R. , Zhdanova A. A. , Malygina D. A. , Onokhin K. V. , Ivanova A. N. , Korenevsky A. V. , Selkov S. A.
Published: October 2019

Natural killer (NK) cells are of special interest among a multitude of microvesicle (MV) source cells. NK cells are a lymphocyte subpopulation performing contact cytolysis of virus-infected cells and tumor cells. Each of the NK cell populations has a unique receptor repertoire on its surface and, thus, unique functions. During their contact with a target cell, the most common mechanism of cytolysis is an exocytosis of lytic granules. However, some indirect evidence suggests that MV with CD56 phenotype and leukocyte-derived MV with various phenotypes are present in the peripheral blood plasma.This research is aimed to study the phenotype, composition and cytotoxic activity of microvesicles produced by NK cells. The analysis of receptor expression showed that MV, as well as source cells of the NK-92 cell line, had a similar CD56 molecule expression profile. The expression profile in MV differs from the same in source cells by higher CD119 and CD11b expression and by lower CD18 expression. Culturing of NK-92 cells in the presence of PMA, IL-1β, TNFα, IFNγ resulted in alterations of cell phenotypes and MV. Immunoblots revealed a change of perforin and granzyme B (GrB) in MV. The analysis of the cytotoxic activity of NK-92 cells in a natural killer in vitro assay employing K562 target cells demonstrated that MV obtained from TNFα-activated cells of the NK-92 cell line increased the cytotoxicity of the same TNFα-activated NK-92 cells regarding cytotoxicity levels. This coincides with the previously revealed increased content of GrB in MV obtained from TNFα-activated cells of the NK-92 cell line. To sum up depending on the cytokine NK-92 cells produce MV that differ in their phenotype, composition and activity. Any changes in MV composition can result in changes in their functional activity: in particular, changes can increase the cytotoxic activity of NK cells of the NK-92 cell line. Thus, besides a well-known and proved way for GrB delivery to a target cell, we can suggest an additional way – the transportation of GrB within MV.
INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN THE PHENOTYPE OF DENDRITIC CELLS AND AMOUNTS OF BLOOD PROINFLAMMATORY MONOCYTES IN PATIENTS WITH KIDNEY CANCER
Authors: Savchenko A. A. , Borisov A. G. , Kudryavtsev I. V. , Moshev A. V.
Published: October 2019

The aim of the study was to investigate an interdependence between the phenotype of dendritic cells (DC) differentiated from monocytes and the number of pro-inflammatory monocytes in peripheral blood of patients with kidney cancer (KC). The study involved 28 patients at the age of 40-55 years suffering with KC (Т3N0М0, clear cell type) before surgical treatment. The diagnosis was verified histologically. 31 healthy agematched persons were examined as a control group. Mononuclear cells were isolated from heparinized venous blood by centrifugation in a Histopaque®-1077 density gradient followed by plastic adsorption in RPMI 1640 medium supplied with 10% autologous serum. Immature DCs (iDCs) were generated from blood monocytes by culturing for 5 days with GM-CSF and IFNα. Activation of DCs (mDCs) was induced by incubation with the tumor cell lysate and TNFα, followed by incubation for 48 hours. A tumor fragment was used to prepare the lysate of autologous tumor cells. Phenotyping of blood monocytes and DC at various maturation stages was performed by flow cytometry. The numbers of CD14+CD16+ monocytes in peripheral blood of KC patients were decreased (up to 42% of the total monocyte level) against the control ranges. In this regard, the analysis of the dependence between the phenotype of DCs differentiated from monocytes and the number of pro-inflammatory blood monocytes was carried out by comparing the groups with a high content of pro-inflammatory monocytes in the blood in KC patients (> 42%, near-control range) and low content (resp., < 42%). We have found that the contents of tolerogenic iDC in cell culture are increased in KC patients with low amounts of pro-inflammatory monocytes in blood (< 42%). A relatively increased expression of antigen-presenting and co-stimulatory molecules proved to be the specific feature of iDC phenotype in patients with high contents (> 42%) of proinflammatory monocytes in blood. The phenotype of dendritic cells in KC patients with different content of proinflammatory monocytes during maturation/activation showed more differences. In the patients with low levels of pro-inflammatory monocytes, the cell pool of in vitro maturing DCs was characterized by low level of CD86 and HLA-DR receptor expression, thus reflecting a weak co-stimulating and antigen-presenting activity. In the patients with high levels of pro-inflammatory monocytes in blood, the in vitro activated DCs showed higher level of functional activity using the above markers. The revealed differences in the DC phenotype and interrelations with amounts of blood monocyte subpopulations in KC patients may presume the programmed cell differentiation mechanisms depending on the microenvironment, under pathogenic conditions (i.e., in presence of malignant tumor growth).