bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a Lensed Ultrabright Submillimeter Galaxy at z = 2.0439
Authors: Díaz-Sánchez A. , Iglesias-Groth S. , Rebolo R. , Dannerbauer H.
Published: July 2017

We report an ultrabright lensed submillimeter galaxy (SMG) at z = 2.0439, WISE J132934.18+224327.3, identified as a result of a full-sky cross-correlation of the AllWISE and Planck compact source catalogs aimed to search for bright analogs of the SMG SMM J2135, the Cosmic Eyelash. Inspection of archival SCUBA-2 observations of the candidates revealed a source with fluxes (

S

850
μ
m

=
130

mJy) consistent with the Planck measurements. The centroid of the SCUBA-2 source coincides within 1 arcsec with the position of the AllWISE mid-IR source, and, remarkably, with an arc-shaped lensed galaxy in HST images at visible wavelengths. Low-resolution rest-frame UV-optical spectroscopy of this lensed galaxy obtained with 10.4 m GTC reveals the typical absorption lines of a starburst galaxy. Gemini-N near-IR spectroscopy provided a clear detection of

H

α

emission. The lensed source appears to be gravitationally magnified by a massive foreground galaxy cluster lens at z = 0.44; modeling with Lenstool indicates a lensing amplification factor of 11 ± 2. We determine an intrinsic rest-frame 8–1000 μm luminosity,

L

IR

, of

(
1.3
±
0.1
)
×

10

13

L

⊙

, and a likely star formation rate (SFR) of

∼
500
–
2000

M

⊙

yr

−
1

. The SED shows a remarkable similarity with the Cosmic Eyelash from optical-mid/IR to submillimeter/radio, albeit at higher fluxes.
Proyecto científico y prácticas editoriales de la Revue d’Anthropologie des Connaissances
Authors: Editorial El Comité
Published: July 2017

El artículo recuerda al proyecto científico y editorial del origen de la Revue d’Anthropologie des Connaissances (RAC), que se inició en 2007, en particular la convergencia multidisciplinar que se había llevado sobre sus fundaciones. A continuación, se describen las prácticas y las opciones de política editorial que han dado forma a la revista y cuyos procedimientos no son, a priori, menos importante que el contenido y las pautas epistémicas. Se refieren a los procedimientos de evaluación, pero también a la elección del medio de difusión (el acceso electrónico en línea), de los formatos de los artículos, del idioma de publicación, del tipo de difusión (acceso completo por los lectores) y el modelo económico.
Democratising science
Authors: Domènech Miquel
Published: July 2017

With knowledge societies, the role of expert knowledge has grown to cover all areas of social life. When it affects deliberative processes and political decision-making, this role questions the quality and nature of contemporary democratic systems owing to the distance it sets up between citizenship and public matters. The demand for a democratisation of science has been one of the most frequently proposed responses to this problem in science and technology studies since the start of the 21st century. This challenge is still on-going, mainly due to the fact that it has been addressed through conceptions of science and politics that have turned it into a difficult-to-achieve if not impossible objective. While recognising that the relevance of this challenge has never been doubted, this article puts forward a number of suggestions as to what topics and questions might be dealt with for this project to democratise science to make sense for our discipline.
Democratizar la ciencia
Authors: Domènech Miquel
Published: July 2017

Con las sociedades del conocimiento, se ha ido consolidando el papel cada vez más importante del conocimiento experto en todas las esferas de la vida social. Cuando ello ha alcanzado a los procesos deliberativos y de toma de decisiones políticas, ha llegado a poner en cuestión la calidad y la naturaleza de los dispositivos democráticos contemporáneos, dado el alejamiento que produce de la ciudadanía respecto de los asuntos públicos. La demanda de una democratización de la ciencia ha sido una de las respuestas más recurrentes de las que se han dado a ese problema desde de los estudios de la ciencia y la tecnología a lo largo del siglo XXI. En este artículo se plantea que se trata aún de un reto pendiente y que ello tiene que ver, esencialmente, con el hecho de haberse abordado desde concepciones de la ciencia y la política que hacían de él un logro difícilmente -si acaso posible- alcanzable. Considerando que, no obstante, su pertinencia no ha dejado de tener vigencia, se plantean, asimismo, algunas sugerencias acerca de cuáles podrían ser los asuntos y temáticas que deberían abordarse para hacer de la democratización de la ciencia un proyecto con pleno sentido para nuestra disciplina.
A thematic transition in STS?
Authors: Vessuri Hebe
Published: July 2017

The world seems to be increasingly integrated offering more opportunities for collective action. A whole series of public goods such as world peace, world health, the environment and global knowledge must be protected. Unless the international community attends to these goods collectively their survival may be jeopardised. A considerable share of the world’s wealth is in the hands of large corporate stakeholders, who have the means of ensuring the enduring provision of these global public goods. In this context, the relationship of the multinational corporate sector with the United Nations must be questioned as well as the implications of this relationship for the future of global goods and the 2030 Development Agenda.
Luossa y Laks
Authors: Law John , Joks Solveig
Published: July 2017

Las interacciones de la tecnociencia y la política de estado con los conocimientos y practicas indígenas tienden a ser asimétricas. En las relaciones de dominación, los conocimientos indígenas son tratados como «creencias» o «cultura», mientras que la tecnociencia está calificada como «conocimiento» o verdad. Este artículo explora una de estas interacciones: una controversia en el norte de Noruega y Finlandia entre los modeladores biológicos y los responsables políticos, por un lado, y los pescadores Saami, por el otro. Los científicos y los políticos sostienen que el número de salmón está disminuyendo en el río Deatnu (Tana) como resultado de la sobrepesca, por lo que buscan limitarla. Los pescadores locales están parcialmente de acuerdo, pero sostienen que otros factores (y especialmente la protección de los depredadores) también son cruciales. También se oponen a las restricciones que se imponen a las prácticas locales (y a menudo Saami) de pesca con redes de enmalle de deriva. El artículo trata esta controversia como epistemológica, política y metafísica, haciendo un enfoque particular en este último. Se exploran las suposiciones metafísicas promulgadas por la tecnociencia y, en particular, sus compromisos con el dualismo de la naturaleza y la cultura y en la ontología particular del «mundo único». Se demuestra que estos compromisos no existen en las prácticas Saami. Apoyándose en trabajos antropológicos del poscolonialismo, este articulo propone que las hipótesis subyacentes en la tecnociencia, impiden que esta y las practicas políticas asociadas a ella, reconozcan las diferencias metafísicas, y por ende, generan que los políticos y científicos rechacen la posibilidad de que existan mundos múltiples y diferentes. El articulo sugiere que para construir relaciones que no sean basadas en el poder dominante entre la ciencia y la política de un lado, y las practicas y saberes ancestrales Saami por el otro, seria importante tener en cuenta: (a) las practicas materiales cotidianas de producción del conocimiento; (b) el significado de la diferencia metafísica dentro y entre esas prácticas. También será importante: (c) crear formas de conocimiento que reconozcan y promulguen diferencias en lugar de esperar el consenso.
Energy and the Archive
Authors: Bowker Geoffrey C.
Published: July 2017

This paper looks at ways to think about the relationship between the knowledge that we produce and its social origins without falling into a naïve determinism. The central arguments are that our modes of knowledge discovery and articulation are deeply social: both through the role of energy forms and bureaucratic practices.
An Unrequited Love
Authors: Kreimer Pablo
Published: July 2017

The relation between STS and the social sciences is far from simple. While including STS in the field of social sciences is an object of dispute for certain researchers, others have tried to involve, seduce, or debate with colleagues in other subfields to establish bridges across these two disciplinary fields. The majority of social sciences researchers however know very little about current developments in STS and some question or even attack it directly. In this article I take up the debate about these relations to ask why sociology has paid scant attention to the contributions of sociology of science. For the conclusion, I advance certain hypotheses to offer clues for the interpretation of these tensions without claiming to explain them in a more definitive manner.
L’identité de groupe : identités sociales, identités collectives
Authors: Descombes Vincent
Published: July 2017

Résumé L’identité de groupe : identités sociales, identités collectives. Que recouvre la notion d’une identité de groupe ? Il faut préciser si nous parlons d’une identité sociale (attribuable à un individu) ou d’une identité collective (permettant de faire référence à un groupe réel doté d’une existence historique). Le fait que plusieurs individus partagent un attribut personnel permet de les classer ensemble et de poser un groupe nominal. L’identité d’un groupe nominal est fonction de sa composition à telle date. Existe-t-il des groupes dont l’existence soit réelle plutôt que nominale ? Un groupe possède une existence réelle s’il est possible de l’identifier dans le temps, indépendamment de sa composition à telle ou telle date. La question est donc de savoir ce qui distingue une identité collective – la manière dont un groupe réel se conçoit dans ses rapports avec les autres groupes – d’une identité sociale – la manière dont un individu fait entrer un attribut qu’il partage avec d’autres dans l’idée qu’il se fait de lui-même.
Quel genre de groupe sont les races ?
Authors: Bessone Magali
Published: July 2017

« Quel genre de groupe sont les races ? » est une question d’ontologie sociale dont la réponse est un préalable indispensable pour répondre à la question normative : « que devons-nous faire avec elles ? ». On partira de l’opposition, proposée par John Stuart Mill, entre genres réels et genres nominaux et on montrera que les groupes racialisés ne correspondent pas à des genres réels naturels mais socialement construits. Pour autant, il ne s’agit pas de simples groupes nominaux et leur degré d’agir collectif les différencie également des séries sartriennes. S’il importe de prendre en compte leur statut d’êtres collectifs, c’est pour mettre en place une politique qui permette de déconstruire la configuration sociale qui a conduit à produire ces groupes sociaux particuliers que sont les races.
De l’origine et de la variété des entités morales
Authors: Von Pufendorf Samuel , Gnassounou Bruno
Published: July 2017

Pufendorf ouvre son maître ouvrage par chapitre sur la nature des entités morales, auxquelles il confère le statut ontologique de modes. Ces derniers se distinguent des modes naturels par le fait qu’ils ont été surajoutés aux êtres naturels par un acte intellectuel d’imposition, de nature divine ou humaine, et sont donc de nature fondamentalement conventionnels. C’est par un tel acte de volonté qu’une entité naturelle reçoit une dimension normative (dotation de droits et devoirs entre autres) dont elle est intrinsèquement dépourvue. Et c’est aussi par un tel acte qu’elle cesse d’exister sans que pour autant ne soit affectée par cette disparition l’entité naturelle qui la portait jusque là. Pufendorf divise les entités morales en quatre catégories : les états (status) (principaux, comme l’état de nature, ou accessoires, le fait d’être marié), les analogues des substances (dont les personnes), les modes en un sens plus strict que sont d’une part les les qualités morales (pouvoir, droit, obligation) et d’autre part les quantités morales (prix, estime). C’est dans les sections 12 et 13 de ce premier chapitre que Pufendorf propose de multiples définitions de la personnalité morale. Elles se distinguent parmi les êtres moraux par le fait que, quoique n’étant pas des substances, on les conçoit comme analogues à des substances, c’est-à-dire comme capables d’action et de passion. Les personnes morales sont simples (magistrats, officiers, etc.) ou composées (Eglise, Sénat, République, etc.), publiques ou privées, supérieures et inférieures. Il est manifeste que Pufendorf se démarque de tous ceux qui voudraient opposer personne naturelle individuelle et personne collective fictive, car réductible aux individus naturels qui les composent. Les personnes simples, même en dehors de tout lien de représentation, sont elles aussi produit d’une imposition et donc d’ordre institutionnel. Ces personnes morales définissent largement ce que l’on pourrait appeler aujourd’hui des « statuts ». Notons que Pufendorf estime que la conventionnalité dans l’attribution de statuts (au sens contemporain) ne semble pas absolue, puisqu’il fait remarquer que l’entité qui en sera revêtue doit posséder certaines qualités naturelles (de sorte que Caligula « délirait » en faisant de son cheval un chef de famille) pour que l’attribution soit possible.
Dignité et société. Approche sociologique et critique
Authors: Mesure Sylvie
Published: July 2017

Si le concept de dignité est omniprésent dans notre espace public, il est pourtant fortement contesté. Cet article se propose de comprendre le sens de sa mobilisation actuelle dans de nombreux débats de société et dans un certain nombre de mouvements contestataires. Il montrera que loin d’être inutile et creuse, l’idée de dignité est devenue une valeur centrale pour notre conscience moderne. Et qu’associée à l’idée d’autonomie, de droits et de liberté, elle constitue au contraire le socle normatif de nos sociétés et la justification éthique de toute critique sociale pour plus de justice. Enfin, ce papier tentera d’argumenter en faveur de la fécondité de cette notion pour l’analyse sociologique d’un grand nombre de problèmes sociaux contemporains.
Juan Bautista Alberdi, ses « mauvais sauvages » et ses « barbares civilisés »
Authors: Sadler Mélanie
Published: July 2017

Si le Facundo de Sarmiento est l’ouvrage qui vient immédiatement à l’esprit lorsque l’on évoque la fameuse dichotomie « civilisation / barbarie » qui a travaillé le xixe siècle argentin, nous pourrions aussi convoquer les écrits d’un autre Argentin célèbre de la même époque, Juan Bautista Alberdi, qui nous livrent une conception bien particulière de ce que seraient la « barbarie », le « sauvage » et la « civilisation ». Ainsi est-il intéressant de noter que si, tout comme Sarmiento, le publiciste tucumano relègue l’Indien aux catégories de « barbare » et de « sauvage », il réfute l’idée sarmientine du gaucho sauvage. En outre, la sauvagerie ne s’arrête pas au seuil des civilisations supposément plus avancées, plus « civilisées », comme il cherche à le démontrer notamment dans El Crimen de la guerra. Plus encore, la barbarie peut réapparaître dans la sphère des élites – la figure de Sarmiento est convoquée dans les écrits alberdiens sous ces traits. Alberdi présente Sarmiento (avec lequel il a eu des échanges polémiques fréquents et connus) comme un homme politique sauvage qui utilise la loi de la façon dont les « sauvages » brandissent leur lance, et surtout comme un historien « barbare » qui écorche le logos commun et l’histoire argentine. Nous chercherons donc à mettre en évidence les différentes acceptions que peuvent prendre ces concepts sous la plume alberdienne.
Barbares et bons sauvages
Authors: Olivier Florence
Published: July 2017

El naranjo de Carlos Fuentes met à nu et à mal, les inversant dans des paraboles historiques, les paradigmes européens du barbare et du sauvage tels que les a posés au fil des siècles, depuis l’Antiquité, la doxa des conquérants et des découvreurs arguant d’une visée civilisatrice. Mais ces récits ironisent aussi sur la manière dont ces paradigmes ont été questionnés par les ecclésiastiques, philosophes et écrivains, de Las Casas et Montaigne à Rousseau, qui cherchaient une identité dans l’humain aux autochtones du Nouveau Monde. La réécriture parodique du récit du siège de Numance par Appien qui citait Polybe ; celle de la conquête du Mexique par Bernal Díaz del Castillo ; celle de la découverte du Nouveau Monde par Christophe Colomb se veulent plaisamment thérapeutiques face à l’ignorance de l’autre, stigmatisé ou idéalisé, dont firent preuve ceux qui écrivirent l’histoire des conquis et des découverts. En jeu, la parole absente, l’histoire tue de ces derniers.
De la natio à la vallée. Échelles de l’appartenance dans l’espace urbain (Rome, xvie-xviie siècles)
Authors: Canepari Eleonora
Published: July 2017

À travers le cas de la confrérie des Lombards, l’article relit l’appartenance à une communauté nationale (natio) comme une forme d’adhésion au corps urbain dans son ensemble. La confrérie des Lombards (Sant’Ambrogio e Carlo al Corso dei Milanesi) – l’un des groupes allogènes les plus nombreux à Rome – fédérait des individus aux origines variées (pour un total de vingt-cinq diocèses). Afin de saisir l’importance des différentes échelles de l’appartenance géographique, l’article se penche sur les différenciations internes à la communauté, en prenant en compte les relations nouées au sein du groupe, dans le cadre de l’espace urbain de Rome.
La ville contre la diaspora : les Ottomans dans l’espace urbain de la monarchie des Habsbourg au xviiie siècle
Authors: Do Paço David
Published: July 2017

Cet article propose une analyse des différentes formes prises par la présence ottomane dans les villes de la monarchie des Habsbourg, dans le contexte d’un nouveau développement commercial qui suit les traités de Karlowitz (1699) et de Passarowitz (1718). À l’état des lieux de cette présence dans les différentes composantes territoriales de l’espace habsbourgeois, suit son analyse comparée à Pest, Temesvár, Trieste et Vienne. En déplaçant le regard des diasporas vers la ville, cet article souligne les dynamiques de l’intégration des étrangers et livre un regard original sur la commensurabilité des villes méditerranéennes et centre-européennes à l’époque moderne, en rupture avec les agendas identitaires de l’histoire dominante des diasporas marchandes dans l’espace de la monarchie des Habsbourg au xviiie siècle.
Les trajectoires en bouleversement d’un vieux quartier d’immigration à Paris : une approche micro-géographique
Authors: Chabrol Marie , Kunth Anouche
Published: July 2017

Cet entretien avec la géographe Marie Chabrol donne une lecture sociale et urbaine des mutations qui, de nos jours, affectent un vieux quartier d’immigration à Paris, Château-Rouge, « internationalement connu pour être une importante centralité commerciale africaine dans une ville européenne ». Temporalités urbaines et trajectoires individuelles sont au cœur d’une enquête géographique qui se sait recevable de l’apport théorique de la microstoria.
Postface. Réinterroger le(s) cosmopolitisme(s) en contexte urbain dans l’aire méditerranéenne
Authors: Smyrnelis Marie-Carmen
Published: July 2017

L’article questionne le concept de cosmopolitisme au prisme des diasporas en contexte urbain. Ce concept qui, de manière paradoxale, attire et fait peur en même temps, gagnerait à être appréhendé dans toute sa complexité, en analysant sa dimension sociale et les pratiques plurielles du vivre-ensemble, en faisant varier les échelles d’analyse jusqu’à prendre en compte les trajectoires de « l’individu cosmopolite » mais aussi les espaces diversifiés dans lesquels s’inscrivent les habitants des villes plurielles.
Mémoires en migration, patrimoine et diasporisation de l’Écosse
Authors: Gouriévidis Laurence
Published: July 2017

Le patrimoine diasporique, avec son imaginaire centré sur l’appartenance aux clans et sur des images stylisées, a longtemps été négligé ou dénigré. Depuis la dévolution, il est entré dans le discours et les politiques publiques et on assiste à une « diasporisation » de l’Écosse. Cet article explore l’évolution de la place du patrimoine diasporique en Écosse depuis les années 1970 à travers deux études de cas. Il étudie les processus de mémorialisation de l’émigration des Highlands au xixe siècle et met en lumière les tensions qui sous-tendent les relations que différents groupes sociaux – locaux et diasporiques – entretiennent avec leur passé, et les sens qui lui sont donnés.
L´utilisation de la bicyclette à Santiago du Chili. Est-ce une option pour tous ?
Authors: Yévenes Claudia Arellano , Peláez Fernando Saavedra
Published: July 2017

L´accès au transport et à la mobilité quotidienne constitue l´un des facteurs importants des ressources urbaines d´une ville et, à Santiago, cet accès est inégal, en raison de la ségrégation résidentielle et socio-économique de la population et d´un réseau de transport public d´accès difficile pour certains groupes de cette population. Cet article affirme que l´utilisation de la bicyclette comme moyen de transport révèle les inégalités qui règnent dans les conditions de déplacement ; nous pouvons en déduire que pour une partie de la population la bicyclette est une option et que pour une autre, elle n´est utilisée qu´en l´absence d´alternative pour se déplacer. Et la cause de cette différence n´est pas le revenu, mais bien plutôt le lieu de résidence par rapport au lieu de travail. Au moyen d´une caractérisation sociodémographique des usagers de la bicyclette, des déplacements et des lieux de résidence et de destination, nous analyserons l´inclusion de la bicyclette dans la mobilité quotidienne.
System Identification and IMC-Based PID Control of a Reactive Distillation Process: A Case Study of n-Butyl Acetate Production
Authors: Giwa Abdulwahab , Owolabi John Olusoji , Giwa Saidat Olanipekun
Published: July 2017

The identification of a reactive distillation system for the production of n-butyl acetate from the esterification reaction between acetic acid and n-butanol has been carried out in this research work. In order to achieve the aim of the research work, a prototype plant of the process was developed using ChemCAD from which dynamics data were generated upon applications of step changes to the reboiler duty and the reflux ratio, which were the input variables of the system. Thereafter, the transfer function of the process, later represented in Simulink environment, was formulated using the dynamics data and with the aid of MATLAB. The simulation of the transfer function model of the system was also carried out for open loop by applying step changes unto the input variables using the developed Simulink model of the system. Thereafter, the closed-loop control system developed also in Simulink environment was simulated by applying step changes to the set-point variable, which was the bottom mole fraction of n-butyl acetate. The results obtained from the simulation of the prototype plant of the reactive distillation process showed ChemCAD to be a powerful tool for steady state and dynamics prototype plant development. Furthermore, good representation and stability were also observed to exist in the system from the formulation and the simulation of the transfer function model of the process, which were carried out with the aid of MATLAB/Simulink. Moreover, the selection of appropriate closed-loop time constant contained in the tuning parameter formulas of IMC-based control system showed that the value suggested by Rivera et al. [1] was very good for this system, compared to those of Chien and Fruehauf [2] and Skogestad [3], because it could give closed-loop dynamic response with comparatively very low values of integral squared error (ISE), integral absolute error (IAE) and integral time absolute error (ITAE) for both proportional-integral (PI) and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control systems. In addition, the comparison made between the IMC-based tuning approach and other ones (Cohen-Coon, Tyreus-Luyben and Ziegler-Nichols) considered in this work made it known that IMC-based tuning technique was the best among all those considered because its ISE, IAE and ITAE were found to be the lowest for both PI-and PID-controlled cases simulated.
Experimental Analysis on Sliding Wear Behaviour of Aluminium-6063 with SiC Particulate Composites
Authors: Karthikeyan A. , Nallusamy S.
Published: July 2017

One of the most common problems encountered in many industrial products and its applications is wear. The purpose of this experimental research article is to analyze the wear behaviour of Al-6063 based SiC composites using pin on disc testing machine. In this present investigation there are nine different samples of Al/SiC composites with 5%, 7% and 9% volume of SiC were prepared through stir casting process. The sliding distance of 500 meter and the load 10 N were applied for wear testing of these prepared samples. From the experimental results, it was observed that the sliding velocity is greatly affects the wear rate and on increasing the sliding velocity the wear loss increases. It was also found that the wear loss decreases by increasing the amount of reinforcement element. Scanning electron microscope was used to examine the wear surfaces and found that the micro and transverse cracks, mild and severe wear occurred in the composite worn surfaces and wear structure of the composites.
Plasma-Immersion Modification of Nitinol Surface with Silicon to Improve the Corrosion Resistance of the Alloy in Biological Media
Authors: Abramova Polina Vladimirovna , Korshunov Andrey V. , Fedorov Ivan Evgen'evich , Lotkov Alexander Ivanovich
Published: July 2017

Cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic polarization have been applied to study the electrochemical behavior and to determine the corrosion resistance of nitinol, which surface was modified with silicon using plasma-immersion ion implantation, in 0.9% NaCl solution and in artificial blood plasma. It was found out that continuous, and also homogeneous in composition, thin Si-containing layers are resistant to corrosion damage at high positive potentials in artificial physiological solutions due to the formation of stable passive films. Breakdown potential Eb of Si-modified NiTi depends on the character of silicon and Ni distribution at the alloy surface, Eb values amounted to 0.9–1.5 V (Ag/AgCl/KCl sat.) for the alloy samples with continuous Si-containing surface layers and with decreased Ni surface concentration.
Mechanical Properties and Structure of the Hypereutectic Silumin Treated by an Electron Beam
Authors: Rygina Maria E. , Ivanov Yurii F. , Laskovnev Alexander P. , Teresov Anton D. , Cherenda Nikolay N. , Uglov Vladimir V. , Petrikova Elizaveta A. , Krysina Olga V.
Published: July 2017

Treatment of hypereutectic structure silumin (18-24 wt% of Si) by an intense pulsed electron beam of submillisecond duration is carried out. Formation of submicro- and nanocrystalline structure in the surface layer is revealed, which is caused by ultrahigh (up to 108 K/s) cooling rates of the melted layer. It is established that the modification of the silumin surface layer by an electron beam increases its hardness by 5 times.
Influence of the Sheet Metal Anisotropy on Polythickness of the Skin after Stretch Forming
Authors: Surudin Sergey , Erisov Yaroslav A. , Chernikov Dmitrij
Published: July 2017

Computer simulation of the stretch forming process of the with different anisotropy of properties in the software package PAM-STAMP 2G was implemented in the work. The design of the multivariate experiment was made to analyze the effect of the anisotropy of the mechanical properties over the final polythickness of the skin after stretch forming. The regression analysis of the results was implemented after simulation, besides a mathematical model of polythickness dependence on the anisotropy of the properties was formulated. The optimal combination of Lankford coefficients, ultimate strength, yield strength and uniform elongation that minimizes polythickness of the finished skin was established.
Electron Beam Welding of Dissimilar Materials
Authors: Frolov Vladimir A. , Melnikov Alexandr , Korchmit Anton Viktorovich
Published: July 2017

In this study, the weldability of thick dissimilar steels to a thin-wall pipe using the electron beam welding has been investigated. In addition, weld quality evaluation in as-welded condition has been conducted. For this purpose, micro and macro examination of the welds has been carried out.
Influence of Cutting Tool Wear on Contact Stresses and Temperature Distribution in Titanium Alloy Machining
Authors: Kozlov Victor , Zhang Jia Yu , Letshiner Ekaterina , Zhao Wen Ze
Published: July 2017

This paper analyses the results of experimental research of contact stresses distribution over an artificial flank wear-land and temperature distribution in a cutting wedge in a free orthogonal turning of the disk made from titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-2Mo-2Cr) by a cutter with a sharp-cornered edge and with a rounded cutting edge. The investigation was carried out by the method of “split cutter” (sectional tool) and method of variable length of an artificial flank wear land. Experiments with variable feed rate and cutting speed show that in titanium alloy machining with a sharp-cornered cutting edge, the highest normal contact stress over the flank land (σh max = 3400…2200 MPa) is observed immediately at the cutting edge, and the curve has a horizontal region with a length of 0.2…0.6 mm. At larger distance from the cutting edge, the value of normal contact stress is dramatically reduced to 1100…500 MPa. The character of normal contact stresses for a rounded cutting edge is different: it is uniform and its value is approximately 2 times smaller as compared to machining with sharp-cornered cutting edge. In author’s opinion it is connected with generation of a seizure zone in chip formation region and explains working capacity of very worn-out cutting tools in machining titanium alloys. The results of experimental research of temperature distribution in the cutting tool wedge show that temperature reaches 1000 °С at essential wear over the flank surface. Such high value of temperature on the contact surface causes softening of work material, and explains the small value of tangential contact stresses (τh = 800…200 MPa) and reduction of normal contact stresses σh far from the cutting edge for a sharp-cornered cutting edge.
Influence of Additives of Nanoparticles on Structure Formation of Fine-Grained Hardmetals
Authors: Gordeev Yuriy I. , Abkaryan Arthur K. , Binchurov Aleksandr S. , Lepeshev Anatoly A. , Yasinski Vitaly B.
Published: July 2017

This paper introduces a new concept of coated fine carbides modified by nanoparticles Al2O3, ZrO2 (inhibitors) as the starting method for improved hardmetals. The study involved computational and experimental methods to determine functional relationships between the parameters of microstructure, sizes, volume content of additives of nanoparticles and properties (transverse rupture toughness, hardness, fracture toughness) of the heterophase hardmetal composites. Factors having a positive influence on the structure of hardmetals are the decrease in the average size and contiguity of carbide grains due to SPS-consolidation and ultrasonic activation during mixing. The study of microstructural parameters by scanning electron microscopy in a combination with x-ray phase analysis indicates high statistical homogeneity of the relative distribution of nanoparticles (inhibitors) in the cobalt binder between carbide grains and the formation of nanostructured inclusions in hardmetal composites.
Recycling Red Mud of JSC Ural Aluminum Plant with the Recovery of Iron and Construction Materials
Authors: Zinoveev Dmitry , Grudinsky Pavel , Korneev Vladimir , Dyubanov Valery , Zheleznyi Mark
Published: July 2017

Red mud is a by-product of alumina industry which is currently almost completely stored in landfill sites without further use. It contains considerable amounts of valuable components such as iron, aluminum, titanium and rare-earth metals. The reduction smelting of red mud was carried out in laboratory scale to recover iron and obtain slag suitable for use in the construction industry. It has been shown that it is expedient to obtain pig iron and slag from the unprocessed red mud. Those two are suitable for the subsequent leaching of aluminum, titanium and rare-earth metals. It is practical to process dealkalized red mud, with composition adjustment by CaO and Al2O3 addition, in order to obtain pig iron and slag in the form of aluminous clinker.
The Effect of Drilling Waste on Water Resources - The Elemental Composition of Waste
Authors: Mishunina Aleksandra  Sergeevna , Mekh Alena Andreevna , Yazikov Egor Grigorevich
Published: July 2017

In order to maintain the volume of oil and gas supplies, the number of oil and gas wells increases every year, drilling platforms are built, which proportionally increases the amount of sludge and drilling waste mud, which must be recycled. The research gives light to the danger of introducing chemical substances into various natural environments from industrial and anthropogenic sources on an example of drill cuttings from oil fields of Tomsk region.
The Geochemical Features of Epithermal Gold-Telluride (Au-Te) Ores of the Podgolechnoe Deposit (Central Aldan Ore District, Yakutia)
Authors: Bushuev Yackov Yur’evich , Leontev Vasilii Ivanovich
Published: July 2017

The Central Aldan ore district is a geologically unique area, representing the conjunction zone of the ancient structures of the Archean–Proterozoic crystalline shield, overlain by the Vendian–Cambrian sedimentary cover. The latter was formed in the Mesozoic by intensive alkaline magmatism. Within the Central Aldan ore district, most of primary gold-ore deposits are confined to the sedimentary cover. Until recently it was considered that only ancient complexes in the crystalline basement contain commercial Au-U mineralization. As a result of the geological exploration works over the period of 2003–2006, the Podgolechnoe deposit was discovered. Gold mineralization in this deposit occurs both in rocks of sedimentary cover and crystalline basement. Ore bodies in rocks of the crystalline basement (A-type alkaline deposits) contain epithermal gold-telluride (Au-Te) mineralization, which is new for Central Aldan ore district. This work presents results of the study of geochemical composition of the Podgolechnoe deposit ores and their comparison with typical epithermal gold-ore deposits. In total, 15 samples were studied. The homogeneity of the sample collection, the correlation between Au and other elements, the enrichment coefficients of elements-admixtures, and the REE distribution were analyzed. It was established that gold ores of the Podgolechnoe deposit are geochemically heterogeneous, but, in general, they correspond to the geochemical spectrum characteristic of the gold ores of A-type epithermal deposits. In contrast to Au-U deposits, common in the studied area, ores of the Podgolechnoe deposit show no correlation between gold and uranium.
Numerical Simulation of the Steady-State Herschel-Bulkley Fluid Flow in a Channel with Sudden Expansion
Authors: Hegaj Efim , Borzenko Evgeny
Published: July 2017

In this paper, the steady-state flow of non-Newtonian fluid in a planar channel with sudden expansion is investigated. The rheological behavior of this media is described by the Herschel-Bulkley model. To determine both steady-state velocity and pressure fields, a numerical algorithm based on the relaxation method and SIMPLE procedure is used.The mathematical problem statement includes three non-dimensional parameters: the Reynolds number, the Bingham number (non-dimensional viscoplasticity parameter), and the power-law index. The results of numerical simulation are obtained in a range of the Reynolds number 1 ≤ Re ≤ 40, Bingham number 0 ≤ Se ≤ 2, and power-law index 0.4 ≤k ≤ 2 (for shear thinning, Newtonian, and shear thickening fluids).The distribution of the main fluid flow characteristics and localization of the two-dimensional region in an expansion zone is presented. The impact of main parameters of the problem on a dead zone distribution in the fluid flow is shown.
Numerical Simulation of Newtonian Fluid Flow in a T-Channel with no Slip/Slip Boundary Conditions on a Solid Wall
Authors: Borzenko Evgeny , Dyakova Olga
Published: July 2017

The planar flow of a Newtonian incompressible fluid in a T-shaped channel is investigated. Three fluid interaction models with solid walls are considered: no slip boundary condition, Navier slip boundary condition and slip boundary condition with slip yield stress. The fluid flow is provided by uniform pressure profiles at the boundary sections of the channel. The problem is numerically solved using a finite difference method based on the SIMPLE procedure. Characteristic flow regimes have been found for the described models of liquid interaction with solid walls. The estimation of the influence of the Reynolds number, pressure applied to the boundary sections and the parameters of these models on the flow pattern was performed. The criterial dependences describing main characteristics of the flow under conditions of the present work have been demonstrated.
Anisotropic Materials Based on Magnetic Microwires in EHF Range
Authors: Berdugin Alexander I. , Vigovskiy Vasiliy U. , Badin Alexander V. , Kuleshov Grigoriy E.
Published: July 2017

The electrical properties of anisotropic materials based on microwires in extremely high frequency (EHF) range were researched. The frequency dependence of the transmission coefficient of electromagnetic wave for materials based on FeCoBSi microwires in parallel and orthogonal ordering of conductors relative to the polarization of incident radiation are shown. Angular dependence of the transmission coefficient for these samples at different of frequencies are presented. It was shown, that samples of ordered structure based on microwires with a repetition period 1 mm provides changing transmission coefficient from 35% to 60% in the range of 38-56 GHz.
Feasibility of a Lifestyle Redesign®–Inspired Intervention for Well Older Adults
Authors: Cassidy Theresa B. , Richards Lorie Gage , Eakman Aaron M.
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVE. We examined the feasibility of Aging Well by Design, a Lifestyle Redesign®–inspired intervention for community-dwelling older adults. The original Lifestyle Redesign program was shortened to 3 mo and implemented as a community outreach program of a major health care system.

METHOD. Community-dwelling older adults participated in the 12-wk program, which emphasized an occupational approach to healthy aging. Outcomes evaluated were recruitment, attendance, resource use, participant satisfaction, and subjective benefit to participants.

RESULTS. The 13 participants, ages 66–88 yr, attended an average of 10 of 12 sessions. The intervention was completed as planned, physical resources were suitable, and financial resources were adequate. Participants expressed satisfaction with the program’s facilitator, group discussions, and materials. Perceived benefits were social relationships, awareness of community resources, and change in attitude toward aging.

CONCLUSION. Implementation of a 3-mo Lifestyle Redesign–inspired program within a health care system was feasible.
Long-term change in the source contribution to surface ozone over Japan
Authors: Nagashima Tatsuya , Sudo Kengo , Akimoto Hajime , Kurokawa Junichi , Ohara Toshimasa
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The relative contributions of various source regions to the long-term (1980–2005) increasing trend in surface ozone (O3) over Japan were estimated by a series of tracer-tagging simulations using a global chemical transport model. The model simulated the observed increasing trend in surface O3, including its seasonal variation and geographical features, in Japan well and demonstrated the relative roles of different source regions in forming this trend. Most of the increasing trend in surface O3 over Japan ( ∼  97 %) that was simulated was explained as the sum of trends in contributions of different regions to photochemical O3 production. The increasing trend in O3 produced in China accounted for 36 % of the total increasing trend and those in the other northeast Asian regions (the Korean Peninsula, coastal regions in East Asia, and Japan) each accounted for about 12–15 %. Furthermore, the contributions of O3 created in the entire free troposphere and in western, southern, and southeastern Asian regions also increased, and their increasing trends accounted for 16 and 7 % of the total trend, respectively. The impact of interannual variations in climate, in methane concentration, and in emission of O3 precursors from different source regions on the relative contributions of O3 created in each region estimated above was also investigated. The variation of climate and the increase in methane concentration together caused the increase of photochemical O3 production in several regions, and represented about 19 % of the total increasing trend in surface O3 over Japan. The increase in emission of O3 precursors in China caused an increase of photochemical O3 production not only in China itself but also in the other northeast Asian regions and accounted for about 46 % of the total increase in surface O3 over Japan. Similarly, the relative impact of O3 precursor emission changes in the Korean Peninsula and Japan were estimated as about 16 and 4 % of the total increasing trend, respectively. The O3 precursor emission change in regions other than northeast Asia caused increases in surface O3 over Japan mainly through increasing photochemical O3 production in western, southern, and southeast Asia and the free troposphere and accounted for about 16 % of the total.
Changes to the chemical state of the Northern Hemisphere atmosphere during the second half of the twentieth century
Authors: Newland Mike J. , Martinerie Patricia , Witrant Emmanuel , Helmig Detlev , Worton David R. , Hogan Chris , Sturges William T. , Reeves Claire E.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The NOx (NO and NO2) and HOx (OH and HO2) budgets of the atmosphere exert a major influence on atmospheric composition, controlling removal of primary pollutants and formation of a wide range of secondary products, including ozone, that can influence human health and climate. However, there remain large uncertainties in the changes to these budgets over recent decades. Due to their short atmospheric lifetimes, NOx and HOx are highly variable in space and time, and so the measurements of these species are of limited value for examining long-term, large-scale changes to their budgets. Here, we take an alternative approach by examining long-term atmospheric trends of alkyl nitrates, the production efficiency of which is dependent on the atmospheric [NO] ∕ [HO2] ratio. We derive long-term trends in the alkyl nitrates from measurements in firn air from the NEEM site, Greenland. Their mixing ratios increased by a factor of 3–5 between the 1970s and 1990s. This was followed by a steep decline to the sampling date of 2008. Moreover, we examine how the trends in the alkyl nitrates compare to similarly derived trends in their parent alkanes (i.e. the alkanes which, when oxidised in the presence of NOx, lead to the formation of the alkyl nitrates). The ratios of the alkyl nitrates to their parent alkanes increased from around 1970 to the late 1990s. This is consistent with large changes to the [NO] ∕ [HO2] ratio in the Northern Hemisphere atmosphere during this period. Alternatively, they could represent changes to concentrations of the hydroxyl radical, OH, or to the transport time of the air masses from source regions to the Arctic.
Evaluation of ACCMIP ozone simulations and ozonesonde sampling biases using a satellite-based multi-constituent chemical reanalysis
Authors: Miyazaki Kazuyuki , Bowman Kevin
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The Atmospheric Chemistry Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) ensemble ozone simulations for the present day from the 2000 decade simulation results are evaluated by a state-of-the-art multi-constituent atmospheric chemical reanalysis that ingests multiple satellite data including the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), and the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) for 2005–2009. Validation of the chemical reanalysis against global ozonesondes shows good agreement throughout the free troposphere and lower stratosphere for both seasonal and year-to-year variations, with an annual mean bias of less than 0.9 ppb in the middle and upper troposphere at the tropics and mid-latitudes. The reanalysis provides comprehensive spatiotemporal evaluation of chemistry-model performance that compliments direct ozonesonde comparisons, which are shown to suffer from significant sampling bias. The reanalysis reveals that the ACCMIP ensemble mean overestimates ozone in the northern extratropics by 6–11 ppb while underestimating by up to 18 ppb in the southern tropics over the Atlantic in the lower troposphere. Most models underestimate the spatial variability of the annual mean lower tropospheric concentrations in the extratropics of both hemispheres by up to 70 %. The ensemble mean also overestimates the seasonal amplitude by 25–70 % in the northern extratropics and overestimates the inter-hemispheric gradient by about 30 % in the lower and middle troposphere. A part of the discrepancies can be attributed to the 5-year reanalysis data for the decadal model simulations. However, these differences are less evident with the current sonde network. To estimate ozonesonde sampling biases, we computed model bias separately for global coverage and the ozonesonde network. The ozonesonde sampling bias in the evaluated model bias for the seasonal mean concentration relative to global coverage is 40–50 % over the western Pacific and east Indian Ocean and reaches 110 % over the equatorial Americas and up to 80 % for the global tropics. In contrast, the ozonesonde sampling bias is typically smaller than 30 % for the Arctic regions in the lower and middle troposphere. These systematic biases have implications for ozone radiative forcing and the response of chemistry to climate that can be further quantified as the satellite observational record extends to multiple decades.
Annual cycle in scots pine's photosynthesis
Authors: Hari Pertti , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Kulmala Liisa , Kulmala Markku , Noe Steffen , Petäjä Tuukka , Vanhatalo Anni , Bäck Jaana
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Photosynthesis, i.e. the assimilation of atmospheric carbon to organic molecules with the help of solar energy, is a fundamental and well understood process. Here, we connect theoretically the fundamental concepts affecting C3 photosynthesis with the main environmental drivers (ambient temperature and solar light intensity), using six axioms based on physiological and physical knowledge and yield straightforward and simple mathematical equations. The light and carbon reactions in photosynthesis are based on the coherent operation of the photosynthetic machinery, which is formed of a complicated chain of enzymes, membrane pumps and pigments. A powerful biochemical regulation system has emerged in evolution to match photosynthesis with the annual cycle in solar light and temperature. The action of the biochemical regulation system generates the annual cycle of photosynthesis and emergent properties, the state of photosynthetic machinery, and the efficiency of photosynthesis. The state and the efficiency of the photosynthetic machinery is dynamically changing due to biosynthesis and decomposition of the molecules. The mathematical analysis of the system, defined by the very fundamental concepts and axioms, resulted in exact predictions of the behaviour of daily and annual patterns in photosynthesis. We tested the predictions with extensive field measurements of Scots pine photosynthesis in Northern Finland. Our theory gained strong corroboration for the theory in the rigorous test.