bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Galfenol‐Based Magnetostrictive Energy Harvester for Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges Under Vehicular Loads
Authors: Dasadhikari Shamik , Roy Debabrata , Yamada Sotoshi
Published: February 2025

The objective of this work is to create a magnetostrictive energy harvester (MEH) using Galfenol to assess the structural health of bridges under automotive loads. The MEH is subjected to controlled vibrations—square, triangular, and sinusoidal waves—using a modified cantilever configuration. It generates a voltage difference across the pickup coil terminals using a Galfenol transducer as the magnetostrictive material, which is then converted into steady DC voltage via a rectification cum warning circuit. The effectiveness of the energy harvester has been confirmed through an experimental setup and expanded to monitor the state of a prototype bridge. The MEH produces varying voltages in response to vibrations in its surroundings, allowing for the differentiation between the healthy condition and the declining condition of bridges. Additionally, an adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system enables the creation of predictive models based on the existing experimental data. This provides vital insights into the viability of real‐time monitoring and early detection of structural anomalies in bridge structures. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of utilizing Galfenol‐based magnetostrictive energy harvesting to enhance the safety and efficiency of infrastructure maintenance. This technology additionally enhances the durability and long‐term viability of transportation networks.
High‐Power Primary Lithium Battery with Vanadium Oxide/Fluorocarbon‐Based Cathode
Authors: Merkulov Alexey V. , Napolskiy Filipp S. , Rudnykh Anna A. , Atlavinus Tatyana A. , Tsiniaikin Ilia I. , Krivchenko Victor A.
Published: February 2025

The manuscript examines the applicability of the lithium‐vanadium oxide‐fluorocarbon electrochemical system for primary batteries with both high‐power and high specific energy density. The influence of mass ratio of fluorinated carbon and vanadium oxide in the composition of the positive electrode on its specific characteristics is studied. At a low discharge current density of 0.17 mA cm−2 the specific energy density is proportional to the mass fraction of CFx in cathode layer and achieves up to 900 Wh kg (cathode layer)−1 for the cells with cathode active material composition V2O5:CFx = 100%:0% and up to 1800 Wh kg (cathode layer)−1 for the cells with cathode active material composition V2O5:CFx = 0%:100%. At high current densities, cells with a cathode that corresponds to active material composition V2O5:CFx = 70%:30% have the highest specific energy density reaching up to 700 Wh kg (cathode layer)−1 at 18 mA cm−2 and 410 Wh kg (cathode layer)−1 at 30 mA cm−2. The practical applicability of the considered electrochemical system is approved on the pouch cell prototypes with capacity of about 4 Ah, specific energy density of 420 Wh kg (pouch cell)−1 and peak/continuous specific power of 1500/290 W kg (pouch cell)−1.
Stability Analysis of Real‐Time Hybrid Simulation with an Inerter‐Type Experimental Substructure
Authors: Tao Junjie , Mercan Oya , Duan Yuanfeng , Xing Guohua
Published: February 2025

Although integrating inerters with conventional passive vibration control systems has shown enhanced performance in various studies, experimental investigations remain limited. Real‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) models the well‐understood portion of a structure as the numerical substructure (NS) while physically testing the structural component of interest as the experimental substructure (ES). Testing the inerter as the ES in RTHS is considered cost‐effective and less facility demanding. However, RTHS experiences time delay induced by actuator dynamics, risking instability if not managed effectively. Consequently, stability analysis is crucial for the successful implementation of RTHS. Previous studies primarily focused on RTHS stability, including a stiffness‐type ES. The RTHS stability with an inerter‐type ES, characterized by a large mass ratio relative to the NS, remains underexplored. To address this gap, this study analyzes the RTHS stability, including an inerter‐type ES, implemented through various direct integration algorithms. Augmented state‐space equations are employed to solve the roots of the discrete RTHS system considering different values of time delay. Virtual RTHSs are performed to validate the analytical investigation. The time delay is found to increase the order of the discrete RTHS system, yielding more spurious roots. Moreover, the time delay in RTHS with a stiffness‐type ES primarily increases the magnitude of principal roots, whereas in RTHS with an inerter‐type ES, it mainly amplifies the magnitude of spurious roots, potentially inducing instability. Both analytical and simulation results show that the spurious root‐induced instability can be effectively mitigated by numerical damping.
Coconut Flour as a Novel Functional Ingredient in Tilapia Fish Sausage: Effect on Textural and Sensory Properties
Authors: James Rose Mary , Krishnamoorthy Elavarasan
Published: February 2025

Coconut meat residue, a byproduct of coconut milk industry, was converted into coconut flour (CFs) and used in developing functional tilapia fish sausage. The CFs were prepared by four different drying methods namely sun drying, freeze drying, oven drying, and vacuum drying accordingly designated as SDF, FDF, ODF, and VDF, respectively. The CFs were characterized for proximate composition, functional, and sensory properties. Further, based on the sensory acceptability, ODF was incorporated in tilapia fish sausage and compared with commercial‐CF and corn flour. Commercial‐CF, ODF and corn flour tilapia sausages had the protein content of 21.33%, 11.94%, and 12.66%, respectively. The corn flour‐added sausage had significantly higher (p < 0.05) value for textural properties except adhesiveness compared to coconut flour‐added sausages while the commercial CF‐added sausages had significantly higher (p < 0.05) sensory acceptability (8.35 liked very much—liked extremely). From the study, it is concluded that the inclusion of commercial coconut flour in fish sausage enriched the protein content (more than 50%; d.b.) while adding the functional ingredient such as dietary fiber without affecting the textural properties.
UHPLC‐HRMS/MS–Based Metabolic Profiling and Quantification of Phytochemicals in Different Parts of Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt
Authors: Lee In Young , Lee Doo‐Hee , Park Ju Hong , Joo Nami
Published: February 2025

Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt (C. grandis), a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is recognized for its phytochemicals that possess antioxidant and antidiabetic properties, along with a wide array of nutritional and health‐promoting benefits. However, a comprehensive investigation of the phytochemical profiles and biologically active constituents in different parts of C. grandis has not yet been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical constituents of three distinct parts of C. grandis (fruit, leaves, and stem) at the same growth stage. The phytochemicals in C. grandis were identified using UHPLC‐HRMS–based untargeted metabolomics, followed by a quantitative analysis of the primary metabolites. The qualitative analysis revealed 60 secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds (6 hydroxybenzoic acids, 22 hydroxycinnamic acids, 2 coumarins, 1 flavanone, 1 flavanonol, 2 flavones, 22 flavonols, and 2 lignans) and triterpenes (2 cucurbitacins). Furthermore, nine plant hormones and 30 amino acids were successfully identified. The quantitative analysis of 32 types of secondary metabolites indicated that the leaves contained the highest total amounts of flavonoids (501.37 mg/100 g) and hydroxycinnamic acids (1148.23 mg/100 g). Additionally, the analysis of amino acids revealed a total of 20 types, with the leaf extract exhibiting the highest total amounts of both essential and nonessential amino acids, followed by the fruit and stem extracts. In conclusion, the analysis of the primary and secondary metabolite composition and content of various parts of C. grandis demonstrated that the leaf extract replace with had the greatest functionality, suggesting its potential utility in the development of health functional foods.
The Interaction Between Accessions and Fruit Maturity Stages in Mimusops zeyheri and Its Impact on Postharvest Quality and Nutritional Composition
Authors: Teffo Kamogelo P. , Mpai Semakaleng , Ndhlala Ashwell R. , Mashela Phatu W.
Published: February 2025

Mimusops zeyheri Sond is an undervalued indigenous fruit tree with fruits that are consumed as a health snack in rural communities aross Sub‐Saharan Africa. This study aimed to assess the interaction effect of five accessions of M. zeyheri and four fruit maturity stages on some quality and nutritional compositions. Fruits of five M. zeyheri accessions were grouped into four maturity stages for analysis of fruit size, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, proximate analysis, and amino acids. Accession 6E consistently had the highest size (27.62 mm), while accession 3L (6.40 kg) had the highest fruit firmness. Accession M7 displayed the highest TA (3.20%) at dark green unripe stage (T1). Highest moisture content and protein percentage were recorded in accession HY at T1. This changes were in concomitant to an increase in moisture content and a decrease in ash and protein content. Accessions M7 at T1 to T4 maturity stage exhibited the highest essential amino acids including histidine and threonine, as well as Ca, Mg, and Na. Accessions 3E and 6E at T2 and T3 maturity stage exhibited the highest P, Fe, Zn, and Mn. These findings highlight the variability of physicochemical and nutritional compositions among different M. zeyheri accessions at varying stages of fruit maturity.
Screening and Antioxidant Activities Evaluation of Peptides From Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino)
Authors: Wu Jingna , Wang Xiaoya , Qiao Kun , Pan Nan , Chen Xiaoting , Liu Zhiyu , Chen Yuanxin
Published: February 2025

Marine organisms are rich in antioxidant peptides; however, extracting these peptides is time‐consuming, labor‐intensive, and costly, with sequence losses leading to uncertain results. This study aimed to identify abalone‐derived antioxidant peptides with strong Keap1 binding ability and validate their antioxidative activities using a cellular oxidative damage model. We constructed an abalone‐derived peptide library comprising 363 peptides using virtual enzymatic hydrolysis techniques. Of the 98 human Keap1 protein structures available in the protein data bank database, 2FLU was selected as the receptor. Using the CDOCKER module in Discovery Studio software, molecular docking was performed with the peptide library as ligands and 2FLU as the receptor, targeting the binding site at coordinates x: 5.000222, y: 7.103889 and z: 5.058000. Ten abalone‐derived peptides with the strongest inhibition against Keap1–Nrf2 interaction were identified. A 2,2′‐azobis (2‐methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH)‐induced oxidative damage model in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was used to verify the molecular docking results and identified DEDEDEDK as the most active antioxidant peptide. DEDEDEDK interferes with Keap1–Nrf2 binding, significantly reducing reactive oxygen species levels in damaged cells, increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and elevated glutathione content, indicating its potential to mitigate AAPH‐induced oxidative damage in HUVECs.
Textile‐based Low‐frequency RC Filter for Noise Reduction in ECG signals
Authors: Al‐azzawi Nada , Yunculer Irem , Ozlem Kadir , Cetin Munire Sibel , Atalay Asli Tuncay , Atalay Ozgur , Ince Gökhan
Published: February 2025

Advancements in electronic textiles over the past decade have significantly transformed the field of wearable technology, with recent developments leading to the production of a wide array of textile‐based sensing and actuation systems. Beyond sensors and actuators, textile‐based technologies can benefit from the integration of additional electronic solutions within the framework of textilization. One such solution is filtering, which has primarily been explored in the context of high‐frequency applications in e‐textiles. In contrast, low‐frequency filtering has received limited attention in the literature. This study investigates the design and fabrication of low‐frequency textile‐based Resistor–Capacitor (RC) filters, emphasizing their potential for wearability. Various materials and geometric configurations are explored for the resistive and capacitive components of the filter, evaluating their performance in terms of frequency response. Additionally, these filters are integrated with textile‐based electrodes and assess their filtering efficacy at a cutoff frequency of approximately 100 Hz within the context of an electrocardiogram (ECG) application during both static and dynamic activities. The results demonstrate that textile‐based filters can serve as viable alternatives to conventional electronic filters, exhibiting comparable performance in noise suppression, as evidenced by signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) improvements of 25 dB during static activities and 11 dB during dynamic activities.
Stress Distribution Characteristics Near Small Coal Faults and Prediction of Coal and Gas Outburst Risk
Authors: Wang Lin , Liu Jiabin , Chen Xiangjun , Guo Hanxiao , Feng Shuailong
Published: February 2025

This study aims to accurately predict the risk of coal and gas outbursts in coal seams located near small faults. Models of small‐scale normal faults in the Changping mine field were constructed using the FLAC3D software, with fault dip angles of 65° and 70°, and drops of 1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 m. The objective was to analyze the effects of fault drop and dip angle on stress distribution near the faults and to predict the related outburst risks. The results indicate that in the hanging wall of the fault, the peak stress correlates with the fault drop through a linear function, whereas the range of influence is described by a quadratic function. As the fault drop increases, the impact range and stress peak also increase. The position of the stress peak gradually shifts away from the section, whereas the stress concentration area widens. Furthermore, the protruding danger zone expands and similarly moves farther from the section. When the fault drop is constant, the impact range of the 65° dip fault is smaller; however, the stress peak and the stress concentration zone in the nearby coal seam are larger and closer to the fault surface. Additionally, the highlighted danger zone is also larger and nearer to the fault surface. On the basis of the measured fundamental parameters of coal seam gas in the region, within a distance of 6 m from the fault surface (Zone I), there is a significant influence from the fault, resulting in a higher risk of outburst in this area. In the range of 6–15 m from the fault surface (Zone II), the gas content continues to increase, leading to an overall heightened risk of outburst.
Relationship Between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Maternal Exposure to Passive Smoking and Environmental Factors: A Case‐Control Study in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Md. Shahid , Kabir Mohammad Alamgir , Tareq Shafi M.
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

Pre and postnatal environmental exposures can influence gene expression and significantly contribute to the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Bangladesh, recognized as the world's most polluted country, faces a dearth of comprehensive studies focusing on environmental factors associated with ASD. In this observational case‐control study, an exploration was conducted into the relationships between ASD risk and exposure to maternal passive smoking and environmental factors within Bangladesh.

Methods

Twenty‐four out of 103 “Protibandhi Sheba O Shahajjo Kendro” (PSOSK, the disability support and service centers) were selected using a simple random sampling method, ensuring a representative distribution across each division of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was used about exposure to maternal passive smoking and related environmental factors. The questionnaire was filled out by face‐to‐face interviews with parents of 310 ASD individuals and 310 healthy controls from January 2020 to June 2021. IBM SPSS version 23 was used for uni‐variate, bi‐variate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The significance level was p ≤ 0.05, and the odds ratio (OR) was within 95% confidence intervals (CIs), to determine whether the variable is a risk.

Results

Exposure to maternal passive smoke, living within a mile of a highway, and using household mosquito aerosol (repellents) during pregnancy and early childhood were all significantly linked to an increased risk of ASD (n = 310 each) in this study. Conversely, maternal residence in an urban and brick kiln within one mile of their residence during pregnancy to 3 years postnatal life was significantly associated with a decrease in the adjusted odds of ASD in offspring.

Conclusion

Exposure to maternal passive smoke and household aerosols, along with proximity to highways within one mile during pregnancy and early childhood, increased the odds of ASD. Further research is imperative to overcome the inconsistency and to observe and generalize the association.
Clinical Course and Outcome of COVID‐19 in Children With Biliary Atresia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yang Yifan , Jiang Jingying , Zhou Jin , Wang Shuxin , Chen Gong , Zheng Shan
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

To investigate the infection status and outcomes of biliary atresia (BA) patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in Chinese population.

Methods

This retrospective study involved Kasai‐postoperative BA patients who had achieved jaundice‐free during the SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak from December 1, 2022 to February 28, 2023. Children without hepatobiliary diseases hospitalized during the same period were as control group. Data collected included nutritional status, comorbidities, epidemiologic characteristics, fever symptoms (duration, max), respiratory symptoms (cough, runny nose and shortness of breath), and gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea and vomiting). All cases infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 were followed up for 3 months.

Results

A total of 128 BA patients were enrolled, ranged in age from 6 months to 12 years old (median age: 1.8 years). A total of 51 (39.8%) and 49 BA patients (38.3%) were classified as confirmed and suspected COVID‐19 cases, respectively. Only two confirmed cases presented with moderate symptoms, while the rest developed asymptomatic or mild cases. Compared to the 115 control groups, the proportion of symptomatic cases in BA was slightly higher (78.1% vs. 67.8%) without significant difference (p = 0.07). Similarly, no differences were found in proportion of fever, respiratory tract symptoms and gastrointestinal symptoms between BA and control groups. However, it is worth noting that 7 BA patients developed symptoms of cholangitis during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, who experienced pale stool and elevated bilirubin levels. After hospitalization, six patients achieved jaundice‐free survival, but one child finally had to undergo liver transplantation due to hepatic failure.

Conclusions

The symptoms and course of COVID‐19 in BA patients were similar to those in healthy population. The vast majority of BA patients made a good recovery from COVID‐19.
Effect of a Laser‐Moving Heat Source on a Functionally Graded Elliptical Plate's Thermal Behavior Using a Fractional‐Order Mechanism
Authors: Manthena V. R. , Bhad P. P. , Lamba N. K. , Kedar G. D. , Abbas Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the thermal behavior of a thick elliptical plate subjected to a moving laser heat‐source using a novel application of the time‐fractional heat conduction equation with the Caputo‐fractional derivative. By incorporating a long‐tail power kernel to account for the memory‐dependent heat flow, this approach provides a more accurate representation of heat transfer dynamics in functionally graded materials (FGMs) under transient conditions. The material properties of the elliptical annulus plate, including thermal conductivity, heat capacities, and Poisson's ratio, are axially graded to model ceramic–metal–based FGMs, specifically titanium carbide and nickel. Analytical solutions for the displacement and temperature distributions are derived using the extended Mathieu function, Laplace transform, and perturbation methods, while numerical methods are employed for stress computation. The study introduces a comprehensive framework to evaluate the influence of time‐fractional parameters on thermal, deformation, and stress profiles, offering enhanced predictive capabilities for high‐temperature applications in advanced material design. The novelty lies in the integration of fractional‐order modeling and a moving laser source, which provides deeper insights into the thermal–mechanical responses of FGMs, paving the way for optimized designs in thermal industries. The merit of this study lies in its innovative modeling approach, novel application to FGMs with elliptical geometry, and relevance to high‐temperature industrial applications. The integration of fractional calculus and moving heat sources represents a significant advancement in understanding and optimizing thermal behavior in advanced materials.
A decolonial perspective on Indigenous infant and early childhood mental health: Reclaiming Indigenous ways for the next seven generations
Authors: Richardson Meenakshi , Waubanascum Cary , Waters Sara F. , Sarche Michelle
Published: February 2025

Indigenous lifeways, perspectives, and ways of knowing in the field of infant and early childhood mental health are underrepresented, especially given the inequitable and unjust prevalence of removal and separation of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children from their families and communities by the child welfare system in the United States. Strengthening the infant and early childhood mental health field requires uncovering and addressing the ways in which colonization has intentionally attempted to disrupt and destroy Indigenous family relationships, especially bonds with young children, both historically and perpetuated into the present day. The current article reviews the historical context of Indian child removal as a result of colonization, cultural revitalization efforts, and decolonial frameworks that inform culturally grounded intervention strategies advancing the field of infant and early childhood mental health. Decolonization is highlighted as integral for the reclamation of Indigenous caregiving practices. Community‐based and Indigenous‐led initiatives such as the Indian Child Welfare Act, Tribal home visiting, and breastfeeding programming are highlighted as diverse strengths‐based approaches, informed by Indigenous scholarship to ensure the health and well‐being of our future generations.
The Impact of Computerized School Selection and Placement Systems on Effective Service Delivery: A Post Implementation Assessment of Students' Placements Into Second‐Cycle Institutions in Ghana
Authors: Nettey Joshua Nii Akai , Owusu Acheampong
Published: February 2025

The manual placement of students into second‐cycle institutions in Ghana was inefficient and prone to errors, prompting the introduction of the Computerized School Selection and Placement System (CSSPS) to ensure effective and equitable placements. This study evaluates the CSSPS's effectiveness through the Task‐Technology Fit (TTF) theory, which assesses the alignment between task requirements and technology capabilities. Using a qualitative approach, 12 participants, including school heads and CSSPS administrators, were interviewed. The findings reveal that CSSPS has significantly improved transparency, fairness, and efficiency in student placements, addressing biases and delays associated with the manual system. However, challenges remain, including technical issues and stakeholder dissatisfaction with placement outcomes. The study highlights that while CSSPS is well‐suited for its intended purpose, increased stakeholder engagement and technical improvements are essential for long‐term success. The research contributes to understanding ICT4D applications in education, emphasizing the need for continuous system upgrades and policy adjustments to enhance educational access and socio‐economic development in Ghana. Recommendations include expanding training for stakeholders and improving system infrastructure to better meet user expectations and optimize the placement process.
Improving Reliability and Data Management in Internet of Things Based Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Babaker Siddiq , Khatibi Ali , Alsoud Anas Ratib , Kaur Jaspreet , Jagtap Jayant , Alkhayyat Ahmed , Shah Sanjeev Kumar
Published: February 2025

With the rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming increasingly vital in advancing information and communication technologies. These networks are widely integrated with the Internet across numerous applications. In WSN‐assisted IoT, ensuring energy efficiency and security is critical for Quality of Service (QoS), but remains challenging due to the networks' open and resource‐constrained nature. This paper introduces a novel solution: a secure entropy‐based Jaccard similarity integrated with a fuzzy C‐means (EJS‐FCM) clustering approach for dynamic WSN‐IoT networks. Cluster heads (CHs) are selected using a boosted grasshopper optimization (BGO) algorithm, and an Adler‐32 hashing‐based scheme authenticates each sensor node. Secure hash elliptical curve cryptography (SHECC) then encrypts data collected from the CHs, enhancing IoT data security through hashing functions in both encryption and decryption. The proposed approach significantly improves security, QoS, and energy efficiency, as evidenced by enhanced network lifetime, throughput, packet delivery ratio, delay, and encryption time.
Non‐Contact Heart Rate Measurement Using Ghost Imaging System
Authors: Yu Jianming , He Yuchen , Li Bin , Chen Hui , Zheng Huaibin , Liu Jianbin , Zhou Lifan , Niu Yi , Wu Haodong , Xu Zhuo
Published: February 2025

Remote heart rate measurement is an increasingly concerned research field, usually using remote photoplethysmography to collect heart rate information through video data collection. However, in certain specific scenarios (such as low light conditions, intense lighting, and non‐line‐of‐sight situations), traditional methods fail to capture image information effectively, that may lead to difficulty or inability in measuring heart rate. To address these limitations, this study proposes non‐contact heart rate detection based on ghost imaging architecture. The mean absolute error between experimental measurements and reference true values is 4.24 bpm. Additionally, the bucket signals obtained by the ghost imaging system can be directly processed using digital signal processing techniques, thereby enhancing personal privacy protection.
Regulation of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction by Glutathione Under Various Pathways: A Narrative Review
Authors: He Yan Lin , Zhang Ying , Liu Qing
Published: February 2025

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common neurological complication after surgery and general anesthesia, and the incidence increases with age. Will have a negative impact on patients, family and society. At present, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are the main recognized mechanisms. Glutathione (GSH) is a powerful reducing agent and may be related to POCD. Data Collection: Using medical search engines such as PubMed, Web of Science, we analyzed articles on topics such as: POCD, GSH, microglia, astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, ferroptosis, BDNF, Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress. The above topics are searched in databases using Boolean operations. We included original articles, reviews and other article types such as medical books. Results: According to the reviewed literature, GSH may be a treatment for POCD. Conclusions: Specific and targeted therapies for POCD still sparse, therefore, the implementation of preventive strategies appears to remain the optimal attitude. Further research is needed for a better understanding of GSH and POCD.
Fenofibrate Reduces Ischemic Cerebral Edema via the Suppression of Aquaporin‐4
Authors: Zhou Ming , Zhao Wei , Qian Xinglong
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of fenofibrate (FENO), a triglyceride‐lowering drug, in rats with cerebral ischemia. An ischemic cerebral edema model was established in rats, and an oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model was created in astrocytes. Neurological deficits were quantified using a standardized deficit score. Protein expression levels were assessed through immunohistochemical staining, western blot analysis, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Gene expression was determined using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), while luciferase activity was measured using a commercially available kit. We found that FENO significantly reduced infarct volume and neurological deficits in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Additionally, FENO inhibited increased brain water content and upregulated the expression of aquaporin‐4 (AQP4), a protein associated with cerebral edema, in the ischemic hemisphere. Furthermore, FENO suppressed the inflammatory response in cortical tissue by reducing the expression of cytokines such as interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α). It also increased the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and promoted activation of astrocytes by increasing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In vitro experiments further demonstrated that FENO reduced the expression of AQP4 against OGD/R in primary rat astrocytes. FENO also inhibited the activation of p38 by reducing its phosphorylation. Correspondingly, FENO suppressed the activation of activator protein 1 (AP‐1) by reducing the levels of c‐Jun and c‐Fos, as well as the luciferase activity of AP‐1. These effects were enhanced by the p38 specific inhibitor SB203580. Notably, the presence of the AP‐1 specific inhibitor T5224 further promoted the effects of FENO in suppressing the expression of AQP4, implicating that the inhibitory effects of FENO on AQP4 expression are mediated by the p38/AP‐1 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that FENO may have potential therapeutic benefits in stroke by targeting the p38/AP‐1 signaling pathway and reducing AQP4 expression, thereby alleviating cerebral edema and inflammation.
Pichia kudriavzevii (JD2) Immobilized on Acid Activated Perlite as a Biosorbent for Solid Phase Extraction of Cr(III) Determination by AAS (Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy)
Authors: Amanzhol Aliya , Yalçınkaya Özcan , Çinar Acar Berat , Yuksekdag Zehranur
Published: February 2025

In this study, the preconcentration of Cr(III) ion in Pichia kudriavzevii JD2 immobilized perlite adsorbent by solid phase extraction was investigated. The determination of Cr(III) was performed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The effects of pH, adsorbent amount, recovery solution volume and type, and sample solution flow rate and volume on the recovery efficiency of Cr(III) ions were investigated. Optimized preconcentration conditions for Cr(III) were established using a column technique. The optimal parameters were determined as pH 4, a recovery solution of 2 mol/L HNO3 with a volume of 10 mL, and a sample flow rate of 1–3 mL/min, preconcentration factor 25. Under these conditions, the recovery efficiency of Cr(III) ion on perlite immobilized with Pichia kudriavzevii JD2 was found to be 100.1% ± 0.3% with a 95% confidence level. Analytical variables with a limit of detection (LOD) of 4.8 μg/L and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 15.8 μg/L were determined for the Cr(III) ion. The accuracy of the method was determined using standard reference materials (SPS‐WW1). The relative error of the recovery efficiency was determined to be less than 10%. The method was applied to the determination of Cr(III) in various water samples, such as tap water and mineral waters.
Refining Tree‐Decompositions so That They Display the k‐Blocks
Authors: Albrechtsen Sandra
Published: February 2025

Carmesin and Gollin proved that every finite graph has a canonical tree‐decomposition of adhesion less than that efficiently distinguishes every two distinct ‐profiles, and which has the further property that every separable ‐block is equal to the unique part of in which it is contained. We give a shorter proof of this result by showing that such a tree‐decomposition can in fact be obtained from any canonical tight tree‐decomposition of adhesion less than . For this, we decompose the parts of such a tree‐decomposition by further tree‐decompositions. As an application, we also obtain a generalization of Carmesin and Gollin's result to locally finite graphs.
高齢者救急問題の現状とその対応策についての提言2024(Current status and proposals for emergency care for elderly people 2024)
Authors: 日本救急医学会  , 日本臨床救急医学会  , 日本老年医学会  , 日本緩和医療学会  , 日本病院前救急診療医学会  , 日本在宅医療連合学会  , 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会  , 日本慢性期医療協会  , 日本在宅救急医学会  , 日本救急看護学会  , 日本ケアマネジメント学会  , 全国在宅療養支援医協会  , 日本在宅看護学会  , 全国老人福祉施設協議会
Published: February 2025

現在，高齢者医療は，高齢者，ご家族，医療者だけではなく，高齢者に関わるすべての人々にとっても大きな課題であり，社会としての対応が急務である。高齢者の医療に関わる各種団体が集った「高齢者救急問題を検討する懇話会」で，高齢者を対象とした医療，特に救急医療の課題と対策を協議し，高齢者救急医療の現状と課題解決に向けた対策の提言を発出することとした。前半の提言は，コラムを交えながら，市民，高齢者施設管理者・職員，高齢者の医療・ケアに日常的に関係する医療・福祉スタッフ，急性期〜慢性期病院職員，消防職員，メディカルコントロール協議会，厚生労働省，総務省消防庁の各々に向けて提示している。後半は，協議会で検討した現状と対応策について言及している。提言が普及し，各々の方々が提言に沿った行動をすることで，高齢者救急問題の解決の第一歩となることを願うものである。
Adenovirus‐Specific T Cells in Adults Are Frequent, Cross‐Reactive to Common Childhood Adenovirus Infections and Boosted by Adenovirus‐Vectored Vaccines
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Rookmini , Lambisia Arnold W. , Hoang Jennifer P. , Ravenhill Benjamin J. , Agoti Charles N. , Krishna Benjamin A. , Houldcroft Charlotte J.
Published: February 2025

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) cause diverse disease presentations as pathogens and are also used as viral vectors for vaccines and gene therapy products. Pre‐existing adaptive immune responses to HAdV are known to influence symptom severity, viral clearance and the success of viral vectored products. Of note, approximately 50% of the UK's adult population has received at least one dose of a chimpanzee adenovirus vectored SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine (ChAdOx1) since January 2021. We used FluoroSpot analysis to quantify the interferon‐gamma (IFNγ) and interleukin‐2 (IL2) responses of healthy blood donors to HAdV species A, B, C, D and F and chimpanzee adenovirus Y25, related to HAdV species E. We find that cellular immune responses to multiple species of human adenovirus are ubiquitous among healthy adult blood donors and that stimulating PBMC with whole hexon peptide libraries induces a significantly greater IFNγ and IL2 response than using selected peptide pools alone. We then compared the cellular immune responses of ChAdOx1 recipients and control donors using PBMC collected in 2021 and found that homotypic and heterotypic IFNγ responses were significantly boosted in ChAdOx1 recipients but not controls. Finally, we show that in PBMC derived from blood donors, IFNγ responses are made to both conserved and variable regions of the hexon protein. Future vaccination campaigns using adenoviral vectored vaccines will need to account for the pre‐existing exposure of recipients to both circulating HAdVs and vaccines such as ChAdOx1, which convey polyfunctional antiviral T cell responses to even low seroprevalence HAdV types.
How does bovine milk‐based fortification alter the oxidant–antioxidant profile of breast milk in preterm infants?
Authors: Aydemir Ozge , Aydemir Yusuf , Surmeli Onay Ozge
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Fortification of breast milk (BM) is recommended to enhance protein, vitamin, and mineral content, supporting improved growth in preterm infants. However, the impact of fortification on the oxidant–antioxidant balance in BM has not been previously studied. This study aims to evaluate the effects of fortification with a bovine milk‐based fortifier on the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) in preterm BM.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, transitional milk (TM) (6–10 days postpartum) and mature milk (MM) (>15 days postpartum) samples were collected from mothers of preterm infants receiving fortified BM. TAC and TOS were measured in BM samples before and after fortification. The oxidative stress index (OSI), defined as the TOS‐to‐TAC ratio, was used to assess oxidative stress levels.

Results

Seventy‐five BM samples from 59 preterm infants, with a mean gestational age of 31.4 ± 2.8 weeks, were analyzed. TAC levels were consistent between TM and MM of the preterm infants. TOS levels and OSI were lower in TM compared to MM (p = 0.019 and p = 0.033, respectively). Fortification led to increased TAC and TOS in both TM (p < 0.001 each) and MM (p < 0.001 each). The OSI was higher in fortified TM (p = 0.032) compared to unfortified TM, while OSI remained unchanged in fortified MM (p = 0.39).

Conclusions

Preterm TM exhibits a more favorable oxidant–antioxidant profile compared to MM. Fortification elevates both TAC and TOS in preterm BM. In MM, the oxidant–antioxidant balance is maintained post‐fortification; however, in TM, the increase in TOS exceeds that of TAC, resulting in a higher OSI.
Study of polysaccharide–gallic acid interaction and digestion behavior in biomimetic dietary fiber
Authors: Zhang Wen , Zhang Yue , Zhang Qian‐yu , Ren Xue‐ning , Ge Ji‐xiang
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Gallic acid (GA) is recognized for its significant antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory properties. The processing and consumption of GA‐rich foods influence the interaction with cell wall polysaccharides, thereby impacting the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of GA. This study aimed to develop a biomimetic dietary fiber (BDF) model composed of bacterial cellulose, pectin, and GA to investigate the interactions, digestive behavior, and antioxidant synergism between polysaccharides and GA within the BDF.

RESULTS

The microstructural, compositional, and crystalline characteristics of the synthesized BDF were found to be comparable to those of natural dietary fibers. During simulated digestion in the stomach and small intestine, a total of 38.02% of GA was released from the BDF, while 61.98% remained in a polysaccharide–GA conjugated form post‐digestion. In free radical scavenging assays, the GA bound within the BDF exhibited a greater antioxidant capacity than free GA.

CONCLUSION

The interactions between polysaccharides and GA are mediated by hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals forces, and other non‐covalent interactions. The release mechanism of GA involves its escape and diffusion from the BDF network structure, the disintegration of the BDF, and the dissolution of pectin. Polysaccharides provide a protective effect on the bioactivity of GA and enhance its synergistic role in antioxidative stress, thereby improving its bioaccessibility. These findings lay the groundwork for further exploration of the interaction mechanisms between polysaccharides and GA in dietary fibers and hold significant implications for the development of dietary intervention strategies aimed at mitigating oxidative damage. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Valorization of food wastes by catalytic metal–organic frameworks/chitosan platform and microalgae cultivation
Authors: Ly Nguyễn Hoàng , Dao Tan Phat , Gnanasekaran Lalitha , Vasseghian Yasser , Joo Sang‐Woo
Published: February 2025

Innovative technologies can convert food waste into an economic opportunity. A potential approach to be discussed in this review article is combining microalgae cultivation with catalytic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and chitosan platforms. Due to the high availability of nutrients and organic content, food waste can be classified as one of the most promising feedstocks for bioprocessing. MOFs are known for high surface area, modulable porosity, and the property to adsorb molecules thus being recently used as efficient catalysts in the related valorization of food wastes. Chitosan is a natural polyelectrolyte copolymer exhibiting excellent biological properties, making it an attractive platform to fabricate diverse biomedical materials. The most recent research proposes another use of food waste – as a resource in producing high‐value materials. In particular, studies concentrate on designing chitosan and molecular porous MOF platforms with microalgae as applications for food waste valorization. One important approach would be to tailor the synthetic properties and functionalities of chitosan‐based MOFs allowing them to be efficiently utilized. The facile catalytic chitosan‐based MOF platform strategy established herein provides a new way to combine with microalgae cultivation for converting organic waste into desirable biomass. This review delivers a future‐oriented idea regarding how chitosan‐based MOF and microalgae can be co‐participated in food waste harvesting followed by perspective challenges and future. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Methodological Advances and Theoretical Gaps in Tracking Non‐Urban Tourism Mobility
Authors: Romão João , Sano Kaede
Published: February 2025

This perspective article aims at identifying topics for further research based on techniques for tracking the mobility of tourists in areas with low population density, characterized by scarcity of public transport often coexisting with sensitive natural ecosystems. Supported by a systematic scoping review, it identifies studies undertaken in four continents, even though all the articles were published during the last two decades. Marketing approaches and planning for sustainability are the main objectives identified. The works contribute for developing techniques and methodologies for data collection and analysis but the contribution for the emergence of new concepts or theories is limited. The results of this survey suggest that a shift from the focus on individual forms of mobility of tourists to a closer connection to collective forms of transport, mobility of resident populations or emergent concepts in transport studies may contribute for more innovative conceptual or theoretical approaches.
Do Disinfectants Induce Ototoxicity and Cause Structural Damage to the Inner Ear?
Authors: Wang Xi , Xing Zhongcheng , Jiang Wen , Li Yuan , Li Wei , Wang Caiji , Zhao Zeqi , Konduru Naveena , Li Kang , Li Xuanyi , Qiao Yuehua , Liu Wen
Published: February 2025

Background

This study examines the impact of commonly used disinfectants on hearing and the structural integrity of the inner ear.

Objective

To evaluate the effects of indophor, alcohol, and chlorhexidine on auditory function and cochlear morphology in mice.

Methods

Sixty‐four mice were evenly divided into four groups: saline, indophor, alcohol, and chlorhexidine. Each mouse received a 25 μL injection of the designated liquid into the left ear, while the right ear was remained untreated. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing was performed at three intervals: before injection, 24 h post‐injection, and one week post‐injection. Cochlear tissues from both ears were analyzed using immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy to observe morphological changes.

Results

Chlorhexidine and alcohol significantly increased ABR thresholds in the left ear 24 h and one week post‐injection (p < 0.001). Chlorhexidine caused severe damage to outer hair cells, inner hair cells, and spiral ganglion cells, while alcohol had a milder effect. Iodophor mainly affected outer hair cells, with partial recovery after seven days. In the right ear, only chlorhexidine caused a sustained ABR threshold increase (p < 0.001) and severe damage to outer and inner hair cells. Both alcohol and chlorhexidine induced demyelination of spiral ganglion cells in the left ear, but recovery was seen only in the alcohol group after one week.

Conclusion

Indophor, alcohol, and chlorhexidine can all affect hearing, with alcohol and chlorhexidine causing more severe and lasting damage. These findings provide crucial insights for selecting disinfectants in ear surgeries.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 2025
The Impact of Print‐on‐Demand on Spanish University Presses
Authors: Magadán‐Díaz Marta , Rivas‐García Jesús I.
Published: February 2025

The university book plays a crucial role in disseminating research and teaching, but its usage has declined due to a preference for journal articles and digital materials. This article examines how Spanish university presses are employing Print‐on‐Demand (POD) to adapt to changes in the publishing market, enhancing flexibility, reducing costs and optimising the production of monographs and academic books. POD enables publishers to print copies based on actual demand, minimising the risk of overproduction and storage costs. This model has transformed the publishing supply chain, offering efficient solutions for managing the lifecycle of books, from their launch to potential delisting. University presses are also using innovations in digital printing to respond swiftly to fluctuations in the academic market. This study adopts a qualitative approach to examine how POD affects scholarly publishers' efficiency, longevity and production strategies, proposing that this technology is crucial for the future sustainability and competitiveness of the sector. The flexibility of POD is vital in environments where demand is unpredictable, and scholarly publishers must manage financial resources carefully.
Unlocking High‐Speed and Energy‐Efficiency: Integrated Convolution Processing on Thin‐Film Lithium Niobate
Authors: Zhang Xun , Sun Zekun , Zhang Yong , Shen Jian , Chen Yuqi , Sun Min , Shu Chang , Zeng Cheng , Jiang Yongheng , Tian Yonghui , Xia Jinsong , Su Yikai
Published: February 2025

Optical neural networks (ONNs) have emerged as high‐performance neural network accelerators, owing to its broad bandwidth and low power consumption. However, most current ONN architectures still struggle to fully leverage their advantages in processing speed and energy efficiency. Here, we demonstrate a large‐scale, ultra‐high‐speed, and low‐power ONN distributed parallel computing architecture, implemented on a thin‐film lithium niobate platform. It can encode image information at a modulation rate of 128 Gbaud and perform 16 parallel 2 × 2 convolution kernel operations, achieving 8.190 trillion multiply‐accumulate operations per second (TMACs/s) with a power efficiency of 4.55 tera operations per second per watt (Tops/W). This work conducts proof‐of‐concept experiments for image edge detection and three different ten‐class dataset recognitions, showing performance comparable to digital computers. Thanks to its excellent scalability, high speed, and low power consumption, the integrated distributed parallel optical computing architecture shows great potential to perform much more sophisticated tasks for demanding applications, such as autonomous driving and video action recognition.