bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single Case Studies as Seeds
Authors: Price Amy
Published: September 2014

Single case studies are research studies of single participants. They explore new ideas and can suggest extensions in methods and for treatment (Yin, 1984). In this article the case study refers only to conditions observed and is limited to what was observed from these comparisons between normal function and patterns of specific conditions. This does not reflect the theory of a formal case study but rather it is an attempt to show the case study and simple computer modelling as learning tools in a complex environment. Critics of case study methodology cite small case numbers as not having grounds for establishing reliability or generalization of findings and that the intensity of exposure needed for thorough case studies could bias the research findings subtracting from researcher objectivity. Early computer models were used to simulate the function of the brain and provide partial answers. They provided insight into the understanding of complex function. In recent history, computer models and case studies have been cast aside in favor of live brain imaging and complex biochemical reactions. It is good to remember that these tools brought us to the place of knowledge we enjoy today and have enlarged diagnostic and treatment choices. They are still valuable and inexpensive methods that can impact the imaginations of neuroscientists and kindle their passions to solve the complexities of the human mind one problem at a time. Greater rigor can be easily maintained by adopting a format whereby a patient would be assessed by a fully standardized neuropsychological battery and the performance then compared to large sample of normative data. The formal study is important for generalization of findings across conditions and can be applied once normative data has been collected as a basis for comparison.
Lipin-1 Integrates Lipid Synthesis with Proinflammatory Responses during TLR Activation in Macrophages
Authors: Meana Clara , Peña Lucía , Lordén Gema , Esquinas Esperanza , Guijas Carlos , Valdearcos Martín , Balsinde Jesús , Balboa María A.
Published: September 2014

Lipin-1 is a Mg2+-dependent phosphatidic acid phosphatase involved in the de novo synthesis of phospholipids and triglycerides. Using macrophages from lipin-1–deficient animals and human macrophages deficient in the enzyme, we show in this work that this phosphatase acts as a proinflammatory mediator during TLR signaling and during the development of in vivo inflammatory processes. After TLR4 stimulation lipin-1–deficient macrophages showed a decreased production of diacylglycerol and activation of MAPKs and AP-1. Consequently, the generation of proinflammatory cytokines like IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, or enzymes like inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase 2, was reduced. In addition, animals lacking lipin-1 had a faster recovery from endotoxin administration concomitant with a reduced production of harmful molecules in spleen and liver. These findings demonstrate an unanticipated role for lipin-1 as a mediator of macrophage proinflammatory activation and support a critical link between lipid biosynthesis and systemic inflammatory responses.
A Novel Mouse Model for the Hyper-IgM Syndrome: A Spontaneous Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Mutation Leading to Complete Loss of Ig Class Switching and Reduced Somatic Hypermutation
Authors: Dahlberg Carin I. M. , He Minghui , Visnes Torkild , Torres Magda Liz , Cortizas Elena M. , Verdun Ramiro E. , Westerberg Lisa S. , Severinson Eva , Ström Lena
Published: September 2014

We describe a spontaneously derived mouse line that completely failed to induce Ig class switching in vitro and in vivo. The mice inherited abolished IgG serum titers in a recessive manner caused by a spontaneous G→A transition mutation in codon 112 of the aicda gene, leading to an arginine to histidine replacement (AIDR112H). Ig class switching was completely reconstituted by expressing wild-type AID. Mice homozygous for AIDR112H had peripheral B cell hyperplasia and large germinal centers in the absence of Ag challenge. Immunization with SRBCs elicited an Ag-specific IgG1 response in wild-type mice, whereas AIDR112H mice failed to produce IgG1 and had reduced somatic hypermutation. The phenotype recapitulates the human hyper-IgM (HIGM) syndrome that is caused by point mutations in the orthologous gene in humans, and the AIDR112H mutation is frequently found in HIGM patients. The AIDR112H mouse model for HIGM provides a powerful and more precise tool than conventional knockout strategies.
Combining Autologous Dendritic Cell Therapy with CD3 Antibodies Promotes Regulatory T Cells and Permanent Islet Allograft Acceptance
Authors: Baas Marije C. , Kuhn Chantal , Valette Fabrice , Mangez Claire , Duarte Mercedes Segovia , Hill Marcelo , Besançon Alix , Chatenoud Lucienne , Cuturi Maria-Cristina , You Sylvaine
Published: September 2014

Cell therapy and the use of mAbs that interfere with T cell effector functions constitute promising approaches for the control of allograft rejection. In the current study, we investigated a novel approach combining administration of autologous tolerogenic dendritic cells with short-term treatment with CD3-specific Abs. Permanent acceptance of pancreatic islet allografts was achieved in mice treated with the combination therapy the day before transplantation but not in recipients treated with either therapy alone. The combination treatment induced a marked decrease in T cells infiltrating the allografts and a sustained reduction of antidonor responses. Importantly, CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells appeared to play a crucial role in the long-term graft acceptance. Their frequency increased significantly in the spleen, draining lymph nodes, and transplanted islets and remained elevated over the long term; they exhibited increased donor-specific suppressive functions; and their removal at the time of transplantation abrogated the therapeutic effect of the combined therapy. These results support the therapeutic potential of protocols combining autologous dendritic cells and low-dose CD3 Abs, both currently in clinical development, and that act in synergy to control allogeneic immune responses and favor graft survival in a full-mismatch situation.
B Cell–Intrinsic TLR7 Signaling Is Essential for the Development of Spontaneous Germinal Centers
Authors: Soni Chetna , Wong Eric B. , Domeier Phillip P. , Khan Tahsin N. , Satoh Takashi , Akira Shizuo , Rahman Ziaur S. M.
Published: September 2014

Spontaneous germinal center (Spt-GC) B cells and follicular helper T cells generate high-affinity autoantibodies that are involved in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus. TLRs play a pivotal role in systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis. Although previous studies focused on the B cell–intrinsic role of TLR-MyD88 signaling on immune activation, autoantibody repertoire, and systemic inflammation, the mechanisms by which TLRs control the formation of Spt-GCs remain unclear. Using nonautoimmune C57BL/6 (B6) mice deficient in MyD88, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, or TLR9, we identified B cell–intrinsic TLR7 signaling as a prerequisite to Spt-GC formation without the confounding effects of autoimmune susceptibility genes and the overexpression of TLRs. TLR7 deficiency also rendered autoimmune B6.Sle1b mice unable to form Spt-GCs, leading to markedly decreased autoantibodies. Conversely, B6.yaa and B6.Sle1b.yaa mice expressing an extra copy of TLR7 and B6.Sle1b mice treated with a TLR7 agonist had increased Spt-GCs and follicular helper T cells. Further, TLR7/MyD88 deficiency led to compromised B cell proliferation and survival after B cell stimulation both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, TLR9 inhibited Spt-GC development. Our findings demonstrate an absolute requirement for TLR7 and a negative regulatory function for TLR9 in Spt-GC formation under nonautoimmune and autoimmune conditions. Our data suggest that, under nonautoimmune conditions, Spt-GCs initiated by TLR7 produce protective Abs. However, in the presence of autoimmune susceptibility genes, TLR7-dependent Spt-GCs produce pathogenic autoantibodies. Thus, a single copy of TLR7 in B cells is the minimal requirement for breaking the GC-tolerance checkpoint.
Siglecs Induce Tolerance to Cell Surface Antigens by BIM-Dependent Deletion of the Antigen-Reactive B Cells
Authors: Macauley Matthew S. , Paulson James C.
Published: September 2014

Infusion of blood cells from a donor can induce humoral tolerance in a recipient and increase the probability of successful organ transplant, a clinical method defined as donor-specific transfusion (DST). Despite the clinical success of DST, the immunological mechanisms by which blood cells displaying a foreign Ag induce tolerance remain poorly understood. Based on recent findings showing that the B cell siglecs, CD22 and Siglec-G, can promote tolerance to Ags presented on the same surface as their ligands, we speculated that the B cell siglecs are key players in tolerance induced by DST. Using a variety of chemical and genetic approaches, we show that the B cell siglecs mediate tolerance to cell surface Ags by initiating an inhibitory signal that culminates in elimination of the Ag-reactive B cell. CD22 and Siglec-G are recruited to the immunological synapse by sialic acid ligands on the Ag-bearing cells, producing a tolerogenic signal involving Lyn and the proapoptotic factor BIM that promotes deletion of the B cell and failure of mice to develop Abs to the Ag upon subsequent challenge. We speculate that this tolerogenic mechanism is a contributing factor in DST and a mechanism of peripheral B cell tolerance to cell surface autoantigens.
Correlations between types of culture, styles of communication and forms of interreligious dialogue
Authors: Minnema Lourens
Published: September 2014

This article argues that culture encodes behavioural and conceptual patterns of dealing with inside–outside boundaries, and that as a consequence, different types of culture are likely to encode different styles of communication and corresponding forms of dialogue. It suggests that dialogical partners may benefit from the insight that interreligious dialogue tends to display patterns related to the underlying mechanisms of intercultural communication and that these cultural mechanisms are more influential in the dialogical process and outcome than the religious ideals pursued. Developmental models of dialogue in particular will be discussed.
U-Pb dating of the Musquodoboit Batholith, southern Nova Scotia: evidence for a protracted magmatic-hydrothermal eventin a Devonian intrusion
Authors: Kontak David J. , Ham Linda J. , Dunning Greg
Published: September 2014

The ﬁrst high-temperature geochronometric data are presented for the peraluminous, multiple phase Musquodoboit Batholith, the second largest intrusion in the Meguma terrane of Nova Scotia. Previous geochronology includes 40Ar/39Ar mica (i.e., muscovite and biotite, 363 to 370 Ma) and Rb-Sr whole-rock (266 Ma) and mineral (biotite, 370 Ma) ages. These earlier ages contrast with new data for zircon and monazite which together deﬁne an age of 378 ± 1 Ma for the high-temperature crystallization (i.e., ca. >650– 800°C) and, therefore, provide a more reliable time for emplacement and solidiﬁcation of the batholith. Integration of the new data with previous work is reconciled in the context of a protracted cooling history for the intrusion that reﬂects the depth of emplacement (i.e., 10–12 km) and potentially high geothermal gradient due to the radioelement-rich nature of parts of the complex. This study suggests that absolute dating of large intrusive bodies emplaced at moderate crustal levels (i.e., ≥3– 4 kbars) should employ high-temperature geochronometers rather than the commonly used 40Ar/39Ar mica technique, which is limited due to the relatively lower blocking temperatures of ≤350°C.

RÉSUMÉ

Les premières données géochronométriques à haute température visent le batholite hyperalumineux à phases multiples de Musquodoboit, deuxième intrusion en importance dans le terrane de Meguma, en Nouvelle-Écosse. Les données géochronologiques antérieures comprennent des datations 40Ar/39Ar de mica (c.-à-d. muscovite et biotite, de 363 à 370 Ma), une datation Rb-Sr de roche totale (266 Ma) et une datation minérale (biotite, 370 Ma). Ces âges plus précoces contrastent avec les nouvelles données du zircon et de la monazite, qui confèrent ensemble un âge de 378 ± 1 Ma par cristallisation à haute température (c.-à-d. à environ > 650 à 800 °C) et qui fournissent par conséquent une datation plus ﬁable de la mise en place et de la solidiﬁcation du batholite. L'intégration des nouvelles données concordent avec les travaux antérieurs compte tenu du refroidissement passé prolongé de l'intrusion correspondant à la profondeur de l'enfouissement (c.-à-d. 10 à 12 kilomètres) et du gradient géothermique potentiellement élevé en raison de la nature riche en radioéléments de certaines parties du complexe. Cette étude permet de supposer qu'il faut employer des géochronomètres à température élevée plutôt que la technique couramment utilisée de la datation 40Ar/39Ar au mica, qui est limitée par des températures de fermeture relativement plus faibles de ≥ 350 °C, pour réaliser une datation absolue des masses intrusives importantes enfouies à des niveaux crustaux moyens (c.-à-d. ≥ 3– 4 kilobars).

[Traduit par la redaction.]
Hudson Bay Sea-Floor Photographs
Authors: Barber F. G. , Grainger E. H. , Pelletier B. R.
Published: September 2014

A variety of bottom dwellers and some aspects of their interaction with habitat, as in lebensspuren, and with other animals are seen in photographs of the floor of Hudson Bay. The influence of ice-rafting on sediment type and distribution is depicted.
The Acadian plutonic rocks of New Brunswick
Authors: Fyffe L. R. , Pajari G. E. , Cherry M. E.
Published: September 2014

Extensive bimodal plutonism accompanied and followed the Acadian deformation in New Brunswick. These Acadian plutons define a Central Plutonic Belt, which is largely confined to a terrain with an Acadian trend of 030*, and a Southern Plutonic Belt, which occurs within a structural province with an Acadian and Varlscan trend of 060".

It has been possible to classify the Acadian plutons north of the Avalonian Platform according to their structures, textures, field relationships, mineralogy, and chemical characteristics; supplemented by radiometric age dates. Plutonic rock types include: A-B a mafic-felalc association; C - syntectonic conalite and granodiorite; D - suscovlte-bearing; F - megacrystic granitoids; H - equigranular biotite granites; and E and G - 'transitional' granites.

The magmatism, regardless of location, follows a common evolutionary trend and appears to comprise a sequence of intrusions from early Devonian to Carboniferous time with no significant break in the evolution. These characteristics along with the bimodal chemistry and the lack of compositional polarity suggest that the development of these Acadian plutons was not subduction-related. A time-dependent process such as radioactive heating of a thickened crust is a more probable mechanism for their genesis.

RÉSUMÉ

Au Nouveau-Brunswick, la déformation acadienne fut accompagnée puis suivie d'un plutoniame bimodal très étendu. Ces plutons acadiens définissent une zone intrusive centrale et une zone intrusive méridional: la première se confine en grande partie dans une région qui présente une orientation acadienne de 030* alors que la seconde se trouve à l'intérieur d'une province structurale marquée par une orientation acadienne et variaque de 060*.

Au nord de la plate-forme avalonienne, les plutons acadiens ont pu être classifiés selon leurs structures, textures, relations de terrain ainsi que leurs caractérisques minéraloglques et chimiques, le tout étant complété par des datations radiométriques. Les roches intrusives comprennent: A-B une association mafique et felsique; C - une granodiorite et une tonalite syntectoniques; D - roches intrusives à muacovite; F - granitoides à biotite équigranulaire; et E et G - granites "de transition".

Peu importe l'endrolt, on observe une tendance évolutive commune à ce magmatlsme qui semble comprendre une suite d'intrusions, évoluant sans interruption du Dévonien inférieur au Carbonifère. Ces caractérlstlques, en plus de Is bimodalité du chimisme et de l'absence de polarité de composition, suggèrent que ces plutons acadeins ne furent pas formés par subduction. Pour engendrer ceux-ci, un processus lié au temps, tel que le réchauffement radioactif d'une croûte qui s'est épaissie, est plus probable.

[Traduit par le Journal]
Experiments in rheoplasis during sediment intrusion
Authors: Flint A. G. , Van de Poll H. W. , Patel I. M.
Published: September 2014

Injection of semi-fluid silt/water suspensions into semi-fluid sand/cement slurries resulted In the formation of a variety of structures at the Interface between the two materials. These structures resemble flute, load, groove and ridga-casts and form as a result of flow-moulding ('rheoplasis'). These experimental results complement earlier work' on certain natural occurrences of these structures and substantiate the hypothesis that they form as a result of post-depositional sediment movement and not through primary sedimentary processes.

RÉSUMÉ

L'injection de suspensions aqueuses sermi-fluides de limon dans des mélanges semi-fluides de sable et de ciment à produit une variete de formes à la surface de contact des deux matérlaux. Ces formes, qui resseablent aux empreintes de charge, flùtes, cannelures et crêtes, résultent du moulage d'une coulée ('rheoplasle'). Les resultats de ces expériences complementent des travaux anterieurs qui traitent d'exemples naturels de ces formes et appulent l'hypothèse selon laquelle ces formes résultent du mouvement des sédiments après leur déposition et non pas de processus sédimentaires primaires.

[Traduit par le journal]
Secondary sedimentary structures associated with fluidization zones in Permo-Carboniferous redbeds of Prince Edward Island, Canada
Authors: Van de Poll H. W. , Plint A. G.
Published: September 2014

Internal parting surfaces associated with fluidization tones up to 20b in length, occurring in the alluvial redbeds of Prince Edward Island contain secondary sedimentary structures resembling sole marks. These are described and their origin considered in terms of physical diagenesis.

Rapidly escaping pore water in conjunction with load deformation within fluidized zones during dewatering and compaction of the redbeds are thought to have been the principal processes involved in the formation of these structures.

RÉSUMÉ

On rencontre dans lea lits rouges alluviaux de l’ile du Prince-Edouard des plans internes de rupture qui sont associés à des zones de fluidité mesurant jusqu'à 20 m de long et qui font voir sur leur substratum, des empreintes ressemblant à des structures sédimentaires secondaires. Ces structures sont décrites et on envisage une origine due a la diagenèse physique.

L'éjection rapide des eaux interstitlelles accompagnté d'une déformation de charge au sein des zones de fluidité pendant la déshydratation et le tassement des lits rouges expliqueraient engrande partie la formation de ces structures.

[Traduit par le journal]
Beaconites antarcticus in the (?Middle) Late Devonian McAras Brook Formation, Cape George, Nova Scotia
Authors: Bruck P. M. , Forbes W. H. , Nance D. , Pickerill R. K.
Published: September 2014

Beaconites antarcticus has recently been recorded in (?Middle-) Late Devonian fluvial siltstones or the McAras Brook Formation, Nova Scotia. Although previously noted in several North American Palaeozoic sequences the trace fossil has not, until now, been documented from Nova Scotia. Herein we note its occurrence and compare it to previously reported examples which occur in similar stratigraphical and environmental settings particularly from the British Isles and Antarctica.

RÉSUMÉ

On rapporte la présence de Beaconites antarcticus dans des siltstones fluviaux de la Formation de McAras Brook, du Dévonien tardif (?moyen) de la Nouvelle-Écosse. Bien que déjà connue dans plusieurs séries du Paléozolque de L’Amèrique du Nord, on n'avait auparavant Jamais documenté cette trace en Nouvelle-Écosse. Nous notons done ici son occurrence et la comparons aux nombreux exemples déjà recensés dans des cadres stratigraphiques et environnementaux similaires, plus particulièrement au Royaume-Uni et en Antarctique.

[Traduit par le journal]
Depth of bedrock in the Seal Cove river valley, Newfoundland: a geophysical case study
Authors: Schillereff E. Scott , Miller Hugh , Gale John E.
Published: September 2014

Depth to bedrock was determined over part of the Precambrian Holyrood granite in the Seal Cove River valley, Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland, using both electromagnetic and refraction hammer seismic methods. These geophysical interpretations, based on an assumed two-layer geometry, were compared with direct probe and drilling records of depth to bedrock. Combined data show that the cover sequence (glacial drift and peat bog) ranges from zero to eight meters in thickness, and overlies subhorizontal glaciated granite. The buried granite surface dips gently northwards, down valley, and Includes isolated hummocks and hollows, which are interpreted to be buried roche mountonnee and ice-plucked depressions. Granite resistivity and congressional wave velocity minima coincide, and are thought to indicate areas of dense meaoscopic fracturing in the granite. Seismic depths are within 0.2 m of true depth where thicknesses are less than one meter, and are generally accurate to 101 elsewhere. EM depths are subject to uncertainties of u[j[»er layer resistivity values, and problems caused by power line interference, but. by cross-calibration with other methods, are within 0-28 m of true depth In the one meter range, even In saturated peat bog, and within 0.86 m where thicknesses are approximately seven meters.

RÉSUMÉ

On a détermine la profondeur du socle sur une partie du granite précambrien d'Holyrood, dans lavallée de la rivière Seal Cove, grâce aux méthodes électromagnétlques et de sismique refraction par marteau. On a base ces interprètations géophysiques sur un module à deux couches, puis on lea à comparers aux Bondages directs et aux données de forage eur la profondeur du socle. Ces données combinées démontrent que le mort-terraln (moraine et tourbiere) à une épaisseur de zero à huit mètres et recouvre un granite légèreraent incline ayant subi l’ablation glaciaire. La surface enfouie du granite plonge faiblement vers le nord, en aval, et comprend des_mamelonse et des creux isoles que l'on interprète comme étant des roches moutonnées et des orobilies enterrés. La résistivité et les minimums de vitesse d'onde de compression coincident et indiquent, on le croit, des zones de fracturation mesoscopique dense dans le granite. La ou l’épaisseur est moins d'un mètre, les profondeurs sismiques s'approchent à moins de 0.2 m des vrales profondeurs. Ailleurs, leur exactitude est généralement de 101. Les profondeurs déterminées par l'électromagnétisme sont sujettes aux incertitudea dans la valeur de la résistivité de la couche supérieure ainai qu'aux problèmes causés par l’interférence des lignes à haute-tension. Par contxe, une interprètation combines à permis de s'approcher à 0.28 m de la profondeur réelle lorsqu'elle est d'envlron un mètre, même dans les tourbieres saturées. et à 0-86 in la ou l’épaisseur du mort-terraln est d'envlron sept mètres.

[Traduit par le journal]
Tectonic significance of black pelites and basalts in the St. Croix Terrane, coastal Maine and New Brunswick
Authors: Fyffe L. R. , Stewart D. B. , Ludman Allan
Published: September 2014

The St Croix Terrane of coastal Maine and adjacent New Brunswick is characterized by Ordovician carbonaceous pelites in the upper part of the stratigraphic section. These pelites are locally interbedded with mafic volcanic rocks. Metamorphism in the terrane varies from the albite-epidote-homfels facies along the New Brunswick-Maine border to greenschist and lower amphibolite facies in southwestern Maine.

The mafic volcanic rocks are evolved basalts that have trace-element abundances similar to intraplate tholeiites. Their La/ Nb ratios of 1.3 to 1.9 and absolute REE concentrations of 30 times chondrite in the more evolved basalts arc features common to many continental flood basalts. Enrichment in high field-strength elements relative to MORB distinguishes them from volcanic-arc tholeiites.

Deposition of carbonaceous pelites coincided with the widespread development of oceanic crust in the early Paleozoic. The trace-element and REE patterns of the associated basalts suggest eruption through rifted continental crust marginal to an expanding ocean basin.

RÉSUMÉ

La présence de pelites riches en carbonc dans la panic supérieure de sa section stratigraphique caractérise la Lanière de St. Croix qui se rencontre au littoral du Maine et dans les régions du Nouveau-Brunswick avoisinantes. Ces pélites s'interlilent localement avec des volcanites mafiques. Le métamorphisme de la lanière va du faciès des coméennes à albite et épidote le long de la frontière entre le Nouveau-Brunswick et le Maine jusqu'au faciès inférieurdes amphibolites dans le sud-ouest du Maine.

Les volcanites mafiques sont des basaltes évoluws présentant des abondances d'élénents en traces semblables à celles des tholeiites intraplaques. Leurs rapports La/Nb de 1.3 à 1.9, ainsi que leurs concentrations absolues en T.R. égales à 30 fois celles des chondrites au sein des basaltes plus évolués, sont communes à plusieurs nappes d'inondation basaltique continentales. On les distingue des tholeiites d 'arc insulaire par lew enrichissement en éléments à inlensite de champelevée par rapport aux MORB.

Le dépôt de pelites riches en carbone coincida avec le développement largement repandu de croût;e océanique au début du Paléozoique. Les spectres de T.R. et d'éléments en traces des basaltes qui leur sont associées suggercnt une eruption à travers une croûte continentale à la dérive en bordure d'un bassin oceanique en expansion.

[Traduit par le journal]
Lower Carboniferous ostracodes from the Maritimes Basin of eastern Canada: A review
Authors: Dewey Chris
Published: September 2014

Lower Carboniferous ostracode assemblages of marine affinity occur in sediments of the Codroy Group in southwestern Newfoundland and the Windsor Group in central Nova Scotia. Three ostracode assemblages are defined from Nova Scotia and five from Newfoundland. The assemblages are described from biohermal and non-biohermal limestones and fine-grained sihciclastic lithologies. The assemblages can be characterised by their responses to varying degrees of physiological stress, and are dominated by members of the Paraparchitacea, although bairdiaceans, hoDinomorph and kirkbyacean palaeocopids and kloedenellaceans may be locally abundant.

In the Maritimes Basin, the combined effects of tectonism, eustatic fluctuation and a semi-arid climate resulted in palaeoenvironments that were characterised by low temporal and spatial stability. As a consequence, total ostracode species richness relative to individual species abundances was low, and often expressed in the development of low grade communities that were controlled more by physical (allogenic) rather than biological (autigenic) parameters. Under these conditions the eurytopic paraparchitaceans were capable of producing large populations in physically harsh palaeoenvironments, whereas die more stenotopic bairdiaceans and palaeocopes only occurred when conditions were favourable.

R᳧SUM᳧

Les s᳻diments des groupes de Codroy (sud-ouest de Terre-Neuve) et de Windsor (centre de la Nouvelle-᳧cosse) renferment des assemblages d'Ostracodes, ᳲ affinity marine, du Carbonifᳺre inf᳻rieur. On reconnait trois assemblages en Nouvelle-᳧cosse et cinq ᳲ Terre-Neuve. Ces assemblages proviennent de calcaires (biohcrmaux ou non) et de lithologies siliciclastiques ᳲ grain fin. On peut caract᳻riser ces assemblages par leurs re'ponses aux divers degr᳻e de stress physiologique. On y note la pr᳻lominance des repr᳻entants des Paraparchitacea malgr᳻ l'abondance locale des bairdiac᳻s, des pal᳻ocopid᳻ hollinomorphes et kirkbyaces ainsi que des kloedenellac᳻s.

Dans le Bass in des Maritimes, la conjonction de divers facteurs (tectonisme, fluctuations eustatiques, climat semi-aride) se traduisit par des pal᳻omilieux caracte᳻ris᳻s par une stabilit᳻ spatiale et temporelle faible. En cons᳻quence, larichesse sp᳻cifique totale des Ostracodes ᳻tait basse par rapport aux abondances sp᳻ifiques individuelles et s'exprimait souvent part le d᳻veloppement de communaut᳻s immatures control᳻es par des parametres plus physiques (allogenes) que biologiques (autogenes). Dans ces conditions, les paraparchitac᳻s eurytopiques pouvaient peupler abondamment les pal᳻omilieux physiquement exigeants, alors que les bairdiace's et les pal᳻ocopes (qui ᳻taient plus st᳻notopiques) n'᳻aienl pr᳻sents que dans des biotopes favorables.

[Traduit par le journal]
Field relationships, mineralogy and structural features of the Port Mouton pluton, southwestern Nova Scotia
Authors: Douma S. L.
Published: September 2014

The Port Mouton pluton (PMP) of southern Nova Scotia is a complex, per aluminous, post-tectonic granitoid body that is distinct from other plutons and batholiths of the Meguma Terrane. The pluton consists of ten units, which collectively range in composition from tonalite to trondhjemite, granodiorite, monzogranite, leucomonzogranite, aplite, pegmatite and lamprophyre.

The PMP evolved in three mafic to felsic cycles defined by the initial mafic end-members for each cycle (units 1, 4 and 7). These three units are the most volumetrically abundant of the ten units and unit 1 is the oldest. Shoshonitic lamprophyres intruded mid-way through cycle II and were subsequently intruded by units in cycle III.

The PMP is at least 352 Ma (40Ar/39Ar) and is demonstrably younger than the regional metamorphism of 395 Ma. Two distinct foliations observed within the pluton occur only in units 1 and 4. The foliation in unit 1 is perpendicular to the regional foliation of the country rocks and is probably of igneous origin. The local foliation in unit 4, the origin of which remains unknown, is perpendicular to that in unit 1 and parallel to the regional foliation in the country rocks. Contacts of the PMP with the host metasedimentary rocks are predominantly sharp, although minor migmatization is present locally.

RÉSUMÉ

Le pluton de Port Mouton (PMP) du sud de la Nouvelle-Écosse est une masse granitique complexe, pcralumineuse et post-tectonique, qui se distingue des autres plutons et batholites du terrain de Meguma. Le pluton consiste en dix unités, allant des tonalites aux trondhjemites, granodiorites, monzogranites, leucomonzogranites, aplites, pegmatites et lamprophyres.

L'évolution du PMP se divise en trois cycles mafiques à felsiques deTmis par les termes mafiques de chaque cycle (unités 1, 4 et 7). Ces trois unités sont les plus abondantes et l'unité 1 est la plus ancienne. Des lamprophyres shoshonitiques se sont mis en place vers le milieu du cycle II et ont été subséquemment recoupés par les unités du cycle III.

Le PMP a un âge minimum de 352 Ma (40Ar/39Ar) mais prédate le métamorphisme régional daté à 395 Ma. Les deux foliations distinctes observéers dans le pluton ne se retxouvent que dans les unités 1 et 4. La foliation dans l’unité 1 est perpendiculaire à la foliation régionale des roches encaissantes et est probablement d’origine ignée. La foliation locale dans l’unité 4, dont l'origine reste obscure, est perpendiculaire à celle de l’unité 1 et est parallèle à la foliation régionale des roches encaissantes. Les contacts du PMP avec les roches métasédimentaires éncaissantes sont principalement nets, bien qu'il y ait de la migmatisation locale.

[Traduit par le journal]
The Persistance and Longevity of Faults in the Crustal Evolution of Southern New Brunswick
Authors: O'Brien Brian. H.
Published: September 2014

Examination of the structural and stratigraphic sequences in southern New Brunswick indicates that the area evolved under the influence of a series of major faults. Relatively localized faulting persisted for at least 450 to S00 Ma.

In Part 1 the effects of the faults are systematically outlined over five time intervals beginning in the late Precambrian (Hadrynian), continuing through parts of the Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian and Carboniferous and ending in the Triassic. The relationships of various generations of faults to depositional environments in contemporaneous basins and the regional structural setting are documented.

In Part 2 evidence concerning the nature of the major faults and fault zones is presented. Properties peculiar to the southern New Brunswick structures are their repeated association with volcanic rocks, their distinction as narrow zones of stratigraphic and structural discontinuity and their persistent control on the manifestation of stresses associated with repetitive orogeny. Interpretations of the faults are proposed which identify them as long-lived, mechanically weak, dislocation zones in the lithosphere (i.e."deep-faults").
A Claim of High Level Granitization Refuted
Authors: Hughes C. J. , Smith M. M.
Published: September 2014

Poorly lithified Upper Devonian conglomerates do not exhibit a gradational granitized contact with the high level Belleoram quartz monzonite pluton in southern Newfoundland as previously maintained, and there is no prima facie case for previously suggested granitization by massive magmatic vapour transport.
Wave Climate Effects Upon Changing Barrier Island Morphology, Kouchibouguac Bay, New Brunswick
Authors: Bryant Edward
Published: September 2014

A quandary as to the role of storms in initiating barrier island morphological change in the Gulf of St. Lawrence has been posed by recent research. Although major changes are evident from historical documentation, none of the processes responsible hos been witnessed since 1970. Detailed calculations of the nearshore wave power climate have been used in conjunction with historical evidence and short term profile measurements between 1970-1978 to resolve this problem in Kouchibouguac Bay, New Brunswick. Although the individual effects of seasonal storms are random along these barrier islands, the additive effects do reflect the overall nearshore wave climate. Greatest change has been wrought in those areas having highest wave power components normal and parallel to shore. If barrier segments susceptible to modification can be predicted for Kouchibouguac Bay, definition of nearshore wave climates could be used to determine such changes elsewhere in the Gulf.
Degradation of Ice-Formed Beach Deposits
Authors: Rosen Peter S.
Published: September 2014

Ice-push ridges and kaimoos are depositional features formed by ice on Tabusintac Beach, New Brunswick. These features are transformed into ridge-and-runnel systems when subjected to wave processes. Kaimoo and ice-push ridges 1) protect the beach from storms for a few-week period, 2) induce deposition of sand at the upper beachface and 3) leave a lag deposit of cobble which may be a significant source of cobble transported across the beachface during summer storms.
An Upper Carboniferous trigonotarbid, Aphantomartus pustulatus (Scudder, 1884), from the Maritimes Basin (Euramerican Coal Province), New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Miller R. F. , Forbes W. H.
Published: September 2014

A specimen of an aphantomartid trigonotarbid arachnid. Aphantomartus pustulatus (Scudder, 1884), found in the Upper Carboniferous (Westphalian C. Minio Formation) coalfields of New Brunswick, Canada, is only the second North American locality for this species Trigonotarbids are uncommon fossils in Carboniferous deposits, most described specimens being found in Europe Recent revision of the family Aphantomartidae identified only one genus with two species, which range from the Lower Carboniferous (Viséan) lo the Lower Permian (Asselian). The specimen is the only aphantomartid trigonotarbid described from the Maritimes Basin of the Euramenrican Coal Province.

RÉSUMÉ

Le spécimen d'arachnide aphantomanide tngonotarbide Aphantomartus pustulatus (Scudder, 1884) découvcrt dans des terrains houillers du Carbonifère supcricur (Formation du Westphalian C de Minto) du Nouveau-Brunswick, Canada, constitue la deuxiéme localisation de cet cspèce en Amériquc du Nord. Les trigonotarbides constituent des fossiles rarcs dans les gites du Carbonifere, la majorité des spécimens décrits ayant été trouvés en Europe. Une révision récente de la famille des Aphantomartidae a défini l'existence d'un seul genre comportant deux espèces, dont la présence s'etend du Carbonifére inferieur (Viséen) au Permien inférieur (Asselien). Le spécimen cité représente le seul trigonotarbide aphantomartide décrit provenant du bassin des Maritimes de la province euraméricaine

Traduit par la rédaction
Acadian transpression and the exhumation of the sillimanite-bearing Passagassawakeag terrane along the Liberty-Orrington Fault, coastal Maine
Authors: Short Heather
Published: September 2014

New detailed mapping in central coastal Maine shows the existence of a dextral strike-slip myIonitic shear zone, 250-500m thick, separating the sillimanite-grade Passagassawakeag terrane and the chlorite-grade Bucksport Formation of the Fredericton Trough. Foliation within the shear zone is near-vertical, with near-horizontal stretching lineations and pervasive dextral sense-of-shear indicators. Followed eastward, this northeast-striking terrane boundary turns north. A thin unit of alternating layers of quartz and gamet + biotite + magnetite, previously interpreted as the stratigraphic Rider Bluff unit, lies along this north-south striking (eastern) part of the Passagassawakeag-Bucksport boundary. Petrographic analysis demonstrates that the layering in this unit is a tectonic fabric, and the entire unit is interpreted as consisting of mytonites formed along a transpressional thrust, now overturned, along which the Passagassawakeag terrane was exhumed. If this is the case, the Liberty-Orrington shear zone may represent part of an orogen-scale dextral shear zone, continuous with the Penobscot Bay and Norumbega fault zones, through the Acadian orogeny.

RÉSUMÉ

De nouveaux travaux de cartographie déaillés du centre du littoral du Maine révèlént l'existence d'une zone cisaillée mylonitique à décrochement dextre de 250 à 500 metres d'épaisseur séparant le terrane à sillimanite de Passagassawakeag et la Formation à chlorite de Bucksport de la dépression de Fredericton. La zone cisaillée présente une schistosité presque verticale avec des lineations quasi-horizontales qui s'etirent ct des indicaieurs d'une orientation dextre pénétrante du cisaillement. Vers l’est, la limite de ce terrane orienté vers Ie nord-est toume vers le nord. Une unité mince de strates altemantes de quartz et de grenai + biotite + magnetite, auparavant interprétée comme l’uniteé stratigraphique de Rider Bluff, longe cette partie (orientale) à orientation nord-sud de la ligne de démarcation entrc Passagassawakeag et Bucksport. Une analyse pétrogrmphique révèle que la stratification à I'tntérieur de cette unité est de fabrique tectontque; on interprète I'ensemble de I'unité comme une unité constituée de mylonites s'étani formée Ie long d'un chevauchement transprcssionnel. maintenant renversé, le long duqucl Ic terrane de Passagassawakeag a été exhumé. Si c'est bien le cas la zone de cisaillement de Liberty-Orrington pourrait représenter une partic d'une zone de cisaillement dextre orogénique maintenant une continuité avec les zones faillées de la baie de Penobscot et de Norumbega pendant I'orogenese acadienne.

Traduit par la rédaction
Ichnology of the Palaeogene Richmond Formation of eastern Jamaica - the final chapter?
Authors: Pickerill Ron K. , Donovan Stephen K. , Doyk Eamon N. , Dixon Harold L.
Published: September 2014

Previously unrecorded ichnotaxa from the Palaeogene Richmond Formation of eastern Jamaica, namely Cos-morhaphe cf. gracilis, Helminthoida crassa, Paleodictyon? isp. and Taenidium cameronensis, are described. The ichnotaxa are assigned to a previously defined deep-water Scolicia ichnocoenosis characteristic of turbidilic strata. The general exclusion of graphoglyptids in these strata is believed to reflect a combination of the relatively shallow-water depths in which the turbidilic strata accumulated, the abundant organic matter available for biological consumption, and the existence of fluctuating dysaerobic/anoxic and oxygenated conditions at, or immediately below, the sediment-water interface.

RÉSUMÉ

Les ichnofossiles auparavant non enregistrés provenant de la Formation paleogène de Richmond de Test de la Jamaique, soil Cosmorhaphe cf. gracilis, Helminthoida crassa, Paleodictyon? isp. et Taenidium cameronensis, sont décrits. Ces ichnofossiles sont assigned à l’assemblage d'eau profonde Scolicia anterieurement défini, caractérislique des strates de turbidites. L'absence générate de graphoglyplides dans ces couches est considérée comme refletant une combinaison de la faible profondeur relative à laquelle les strates de turbidites se sont accumulées, l'abondance de matière organique disponible pour la consommation biologique et l’existence de conditions anoxiques et oxygénées fluctuantes è l'interface eau-sédiment ou immédiatement en-dessous.

[Traduit par la rédaction]
Palaeophycus bolbitermilus isp. nov. from the Lower Silurian Upsalquitch Formation of New Brunswick, eastern Canada
Authors: Kim Jeong Yul , Pickerill Ron K. , Wilson Reg A.
Published: September 2014

Palaeophycus bolbitermilus, a new ichnospecies of Palaeophycus Hall, is described from turbiditic strata of the Lower Silurian Upsalquitch Formation of northern New Brunswick, eastern Canada. The ichnospedes is unbranched. thinly lined, smooth and unsculptured, and in contrast to previously defined ichnospedes of Palaeophycus is characterized by a consistently developed bulb-like termination at one extremity.

RÉSUMÉ

Le Palaeophycus bolbitermilus, une nouvelle ichnoespêce de Palaeophycus Hall, a été relevé dans des slrates turbiditiques de la Formation du Silurien inférieur d'Upsalquitch dans Ie Nord du Nouveau-Brunswick dans l’Est du Canada. Cette ichnoespêce est non ramifiée, elle est marquée de lignes fines, elle est unie et sans relief, et par opposition aux ichnocspêces précédemment définies de Palaeophycus elle se caractérise par une terminaison piriforme uniformément dévloppée a une extrémité.

Traduit par la rédaction
A multibeam bathymetric survey of Bay of Islands, Newfoundland: new evidence of late-glacial and Holocene geological processes
Authors: Shaw John , Batterson Martin , Christian Harold , Courtney Robert C.
Published: September 2014

Multibeam bathymetric imagery of Ray of Islands, Newfoundland, is interpreted within the context of late-glacial and post-glacial processes- West of Humber Arm, the fiord floor is irregular and deep. Humber Arm has steep sidewalls and a flat floor. It contains glaciomarine mud. capped by a layer of red mud probably derived from the Deer Lake Basin, which was connected to the ocean ca. 12.2 ka. In the early postglacial period, sediments on the fiord sidewalls slid into deep water, forming erosional channels. Depositional lobes, stacked in many areas, overlie glaciomarine sediments in deep water. The glaciomarine and submarine slide sediments are overlain by postglacial mud that is imprinted by elongate, ovoid, and circular fluid-escape trenches, and sedimentary furrows. The natural morphology of the fiord has been modified by anthropogenic activity at Comer Brook. Effects include an apron of bark offshore from the paper mill, dredge spoil, and a sunken vessel at the mouth of Humber River. Large submarine slides, probably triggered by wharf construction at Seal Head, formed deep channels on the fiord sidewalls and overlapping depositional lobes on the fiord floor. They are morphologically similar to the lateglacial slide failures in the fund.

RÉSUMÉ

Les images bathymétriques multifaisceaux de Bay of Islands, Terre-Neuve, sont interprétées dans le contexte des processus tardiglaciaires et post-glaciaires. À I'ouest de Humber Arm. Ie fond du l’jord est irrégulier et profond. Humber Arm est doté de parois abruptes et d'un fond plat. Il renferme de la boue glaciomarine recouverte d'une couche de boue rouge provenant probablemenl du bassin du lac Deer, qui était relié à l'océan il y a environ 12.2 millies d'années avant nos jours. Au début de la période post-glaciaire, Ies sediments sur Ies parois du l’jord ont glissé a l’intérieur de I'eau profonde en formant des chenaux d'érosion. Des lobes sédimentaires s'empilant en de nombreux endroits recouvrent les sédiments glaciomarins en eaux profondes. Les sédiments de glissement glaciomarins et sous-marins sont recouverts d'une boue post-glaciaire marquée de tranchées allongées, ovoides et circulaires d'évacuation des liquides et de silions sédimentaires. L'activité anthropique a modi fié la morphologic naturelle du l’jord a Corner Brook. Les effets de cette activité comprennent un tablier d'écorce au large de la papeterie, des matériaux de dragage et un navire ayant coulé à I'embouchure dc la riviére Humber. D'importants éboulements sous-marins, probablement causés par la construction du quai de Seal Head, ont formé des chenaux profonds dans les parois du l’jord et des lobes sédimentaires qui se superposcnt sur Ic fond du l’jord Ceux-ci sont morphologiquemcnt analogues aux fractures de glissement tardiglaciaires dans le l’jord.

Traduit par la rédaction
A new species of stalked crinoid (Echinodermata) of possible Late Silurian age from central Newfoundland
Authors: Donovan S. K. , Dickson W. L. , Boyce W. D. , Ash J. S.
Published: September 2014

A new fossil locality within a sequence previously assigned to the Middle Ordovician Baie D'Espoir Group in south-central Newfoundland contains fragmented crinoid columnals and brachiopods. Distinctive, pentastellate crinoid columnals, similar to those assigned to the monobathrid camerate Hexacrinites Austin and Austin by Russian authors, are named Hexacrinites? Pentastellatus n. sp. Nodal(?) columnals of this species have a circular, depressed articular facet, with a conical to bowl-like crenularium, a depressed, circular areola, a raised perilumen and a short, slender axial canal of pentagonal section. The oldest Hexacrinites sensu stricto are Late Silurian, suggesting that the fossiliferous strata have been incorrectly assigned to the Ordovician. Cross-sections of brachiopods from the same locality include an example that resembles several Early Silurian to Late Devonian pentameroid genera including Brooksina Kirk, 1922. Correlation with Late Silurian, bivalve-bearing strata SO km to the northeast would indicate that a major unconformity may occur above the fossiliferous Early and Middle Ordovician strata and the Early Ordovician ophiolite complexes.

RÉSUMÉ

Un nouvel emplacement de fossiles à I'intérieur d'une sequence auparavant attribute au groupe de l'Ordovicien moyen de Baie d'Espoir dans le centre-sud de Terre-Neuve renferme des fragments de columnales et de brachiopodes de crinoldes. Des columnales de crinoldes pentaétoilées caractéristiqucs, semblables à celles attributées à l’Hexacrinites Austin and Austin à loges monobathrides par des auteurs russes, sont baptisées nouvelle espèce pentastellatus d'Hexacrinites?. Les columnales nodales(?) de cette espèce sont pourvues d'une facette articulaire renfoncée et circulaire munie d'un crenularium allant de conique à bombé, d'une aréole circulaire renfoncie, d'un périlumen surélevé et d'un canal axial mince et court de section pentagonalc. Les plus anciens Hexacrinites, au sens strict, remontent au Silurien supérieur, ce qui permet de supposer qu'on a incorrectement attribué la strate fossilifère à l'Ordovicien. Des iéchantillons représentatifs de brachiopodes du même emplacement comprennent un exemple qui ressemble à plusieurs genres de pentaméroides datant du Silurien inférieur au Dévonien supérieur, notamment le Brooksina Kirk, 1922. Leur corrélation avec des strates renfermant des bivalves du Silurien supérieur à 50 km au nord-cst signale qu'une discordance importantc pourrait se présenter au-dessus des strates fossiliferes de l'Ordovicien inférieur ou moyen de même que des complexes d'ophiolites de l'Ordovicien inférieur.

[Traduit par la rédaction]