bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low skeletal muscle mass and treatment outcomes among adults with haematologic malignancies: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Anabtawi Nadia M. , Pasala Monica Sai , Grimshaw Alyssa A. , Kharel Prakash , Bal Susan , Godby Kelly , Siwakoti Ashmita , Buford Thomas W. , Bhatia Smita , Costa Luciano J. , Williams Grant R. , Giri Smith
Published: April 2024

Background

Low skeletal muscle mass (LSMM) and/or, function associated with an increased risk of treatment‐related toxicities and inferior overall survival (OS) among adults with solid malignancies. However, the association between LSMM and treatment‐related toxicities among adults with haematologic malignancies remains unclear.

Methods

Using a pre‐published protocol (CRD42020197814), we searched seven bibliographic databases from inception to 08/2021 for studies reporting the impact of LSMM among adults ≥18 years with a known haematologic malignancy. The primary outcome of interest was OS, and secondary outcomes included progression free survival (PFS) and non‐relapse mortality (NRM). These effect sizes were quantified in terms of hazards ratio (HR) along with 95% confidence interval (CI) and pooled across studies using a DerSimonian–Laird random‐effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran'sQand theI2statistic. All hypothesis testing was two‐sided with an alpha of 0.05.

Results

Of 3791 studies screened, we identified 20 studies involving 3468 patients with a mean age of 60 years; 44% were female and the most common malignancy was diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (42%). Most studies measured muscle mass using single slice computed tomography imaging at the L3 level. The presence of LSMM was associated with worse OS (pooled HR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.48–2.22,P < 0.001) with moderate heterogeneity (Cochran'sQ,I2 = 60.4%), PFS (pooled HR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.28–2.02,P < 0.001) with moderate heterogeneity (Cochran'sQ,I2 = 66.0%). Similarly, LSMM was associated with worse NRM (HR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.34–2.22,P < 0.001) with little evidence of heterogeneity (Cochran'sQ,I2 = 0.0%).

Conclusions

LSMM is associated with worse survival outcomes among adults with haematologic malignancies. Further research into understanding the underlying mechanism of this association and mitigating the negative effects of LSMM among adults with haematologic malignancies is needed.
Haptics in fixed prosthodontics and their role in dental education: A literature review
Authors: Hadjichristou Christina , Kokoti Maria , Bakopoulou Athina
Published: April 2024

Technological progress leads to new advances in dental education. One of the applications involves the use of virtual and augmented reality as educational aids. The emerging question is to establish if and how these enhancements may prove beneficial to the overall student learning process. A review of recent literature was conducted with the aim of providing evidence for the development of relevant clinical guidelines. The proposed topic attempted to provide answers to the questions of (a) how participants perform when using haptic devices compared to traditional tooth preparation methods on typodonts, (b) how the use of simulators is perceived by both students and educators, and (c) what added value simulators may have in prosthetic dentistry training. The main findings of this study showed that participants expressed satisfaction with the educational experience, finding it both stimulating and very similar to the actual clinical environment. However, differences between haptic and conventional methods were also apparent. Haptics was a significant predictor of clinical crown performance. Significantly better results and shorter preparation times tended to increase with experience. In conclusion, self‐directed learning appears to be beneficial in the clinical education that follows data‐driven approach. At the pre‐laboratory level, simulators may act as an initial familiarization instrument. At the preclinical level, they may aid in detecting students who require extra assistance, or to provide extra training hours for students lacking adequate competency to enter the clinical training phase.
Coupling clearing and hybridization chain reaction approaches to investigate gene expression in organs inside intact insect heads
Authors: Cayrol Bastien , Colella Stefano , Uzest Marilyne
Published: April 2024

Detecting RNA molecules within their natural environment inside intact arthropods has long been challenging, particularly in small organisms covered by a tanned and pigmented cuticle. Here, we have developed a methodology that enables high‐resolution analysis of the spatial distribution of transcripts of interest without having to dissect tiny organs or tissues, thereby preserving their integrity. We have combined an in situ amplification approach based on hybridization chain reaction, which enhances the signal‐to‐noise ratio, and a clearing approach that allows the visualization of inner organs beneath the cuticle. We have implemented this methodology for the first time in Hemiptera, mapping two salivary aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) transcripts, the effector c002 and the salivary sheath protein SHP. With a multiplex approach, we could simultaneously detect different mRNAs in mounted pea aphid head‐thorax samples and show that they were distributed in distinct secretory cells of salivary glands.

Research Highlights

Combining hybridisation chain reaction and clearing allows the detection of transcripts in intact aphids heads.

The transcripts of the two salivary proteins c002 and SHP are compartmentalized in distinct secretory cells of the principal glands.
Intravenous antibiotics for urinary tract infections in children with neurologic impairment
Authors: Starnes Lauren S. , Hall Matt , Williams Derek J. , Katz Sophie , Clayton Douglass B. , Antoon James W. , Bell Deanna , Carroll Alison R. , Gastineau Kelsey A. B. , Wolf Ryan , Ngo My‐Linh , Herndon Alison , Brown Charlotte M. , Freundlich Katherine
Published: April 2024

Background

Children with high‐intensity neurologic impairment (HINI) have an increased risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) and prolonged intravenous (IV) antibiotic exposure.

Objective

To determine the association between short (≤3 days) and long (>3 days) IV antibiotic courses and UTI treatment failure in hospitalized children with HINI.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study examining UTI hospitalizations at 49 hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System from 2016 to 2021 for children (1–18 years) with HINI. The primary outcome was UTI readmission within 30 days. Our secondary outcome was the association of hospital‐level variation in short IV antibiotic course use with readmission. Readmission rates were compared between short and long courses using multivariable regression.

Results

Of 5612 hospitalizations, 3840 (68.4%) had short IV antibiotic courses. In our adjusted model, children with short IV courses were less likely than with long courses to have a 30‐day UTI readmission (4.0%, 95% CI [3.6%, 4.5%] vs. 6.3%, 95% CI [5.1%, 7.8%]). Despite marked hospital‐level variation in short IV course use (50.0%–87.5% of hospitalizations), there was no correlation with readmissions.

Conclusions

Children with HINI hospitalized with UTI had low UTI readmission rates, but those who received long IV antibiotic courses were more likely to experience UTI readmission versus those receiving short courses. While residual confounding may influence our results, we did not find that short IV courses impacted readmission at the hospital level despite variation in use across institutions. Long IV antibiotic courses are associated with risks and may not confer benefit in this population.
Development of a hospital coding intensity measure based on sepsis diagnoses
Authors: Ellenbogen Michael I. , Weiner Jonathan P. , Zhu Yuxin , Swann Jenna , Brotman Daniel J.
Published: April 2024

Significant variation in coding intensity among hospitals has been observed and can lead to reimbursement inequities and inadequate risk adjustment for quality measures. Reliable tools to quantify hospital coding intensity are needed. We hypothesized that coded sepsis rates among patients hospitalized with common infections may serve as a useful surrogate for coding intensity and derived a hospital‐level sepsis coding intensity measure using prevalence of “sepsis” primary diagnoses among patients hospitalized with urinary tract infection, cellulitis, and pneumonia. This novel measure was well correlated with the hospital mean number of discharge diagnoses, which has historically been used to quantify hospital‐level coding intensity. However, it has the advantage of inferring hospital coding intensity without the strong association with comorbidity that the mean number of discharge diagnoses has. Our measure may serve as a useful tool to compare coding intensity across institutions.
Marrow Fat‐Cortical Bone Relationship in β‐Thalassemia: A Study Using MRI
Authors: Ismail Umi Nabilah , Azlan Che Ahmad , Khairullah Shasha , Azman Raja Rizal , Omar Nur Farhayu , Md Shah Mohammad Nazri , Jackson Nicholas , Ng Kwan Hoong
Published: April 2024

Background

Growing evidence suggests that marrow adipocytes play an active role in the regulation of bone metabolism and hematopoiesis. However, research on the relationship between bone and fat in the context of hematological diseases, particularly β‐thalassemia, remains limited.

Purpose

To investigate the relationship between marrow fat and cortical bone thickness in β‐thalassemia and to identify key determinants influencing these variables.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

Thirty‐five subjects in four subject groups of increasing disease severity: 6 healthy control (25.0 ± 5.3 years, 2 male), 4 β‐thalassemia minor, 13 intermedia, and 12 major (29.1 ± 6.4 years, 15 male).

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0 T, 3D fast low angle shot sequence and T1‐weighted turbo spin echo.

Assessment

Analyses on proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and R2* values in femur subregions (femoral head, greater trochanter, intertrochanteric, diaphysis, distal) and cortical thickness (CBI) of the subjects' left femur. Clinical data such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and disease severity were also included.

Statistical Tests

One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), mixed ANOVA, Pearson correlation and multiple regression. P‐values <0.05 were considered significant.

Results

Bone marrow PDFF significantly varied between the femur subregions, F(2.89,89.63) = 44.185 and disease severity, F(1,3) = 12.357. A significant interaction between subject groups and femur subregions on bone marrow PDFF was observed, F(8.67,89.63) = 3.723. Notably, a moderate positive correlation was observed between PDFF and CBI (r = 0.33–0.45). Multiple regression models for both PDFF (R2 = 0.476, F(13,151) = 10.547) and CBI (R2 = 0.477, F(13,151) = 10.580) were significant. Significant predictors for PDFF were disease severity (βTMi = 0.36, βTMa = 0.17), CBI (β = 0.24), R2* (β = −0.32), and height (β = −0.29) while for CBI, the significant determinants were sex (β = −0.27), BMI (β = 0.55), disease severity (βTMi = 2.15), and PDFF (β = 0.25).

Data Conclusion

This study revealed a positive correlation between bone marrow fat fraction and cortical bone thickness in β‐thalassemia with varying disease severity, potentially indicating a complex interplay between bone health and marrow composition.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
Simulation and numerical modeling of CuO films thickness influence on the efficiency of graphite/CuO/Ni solar cells
Authors: Kuryshchuk Serhii I. , Andrushchak Galyna O. , Kovaliuk Taras T. , Mostovyi Andriy I. , Parkhomenko Hryhorii P. , Sahare Sanjay H. , Solovan Mykhailo M. , Brus Viktor V.
Published: April 2024

Copper oxide is one of the original semiconductor materials employed for solar cells in the early 19th century before Silicon solar cells became popular due to their abundant availability, and eco‐friendly nature. The optoelectronic parameters signify its huge potential in solar cell devices, though it's far from the theoretically predicted performance, provides tremendous scope to improve the solar cell performance by forming different heterojunctions. In this study, we investigated the copper oxide's (CuO) potential as an active layer in thin‐film solar cells theoretically with a new structure consisting of a Glass/ITO/Graphite/CuO/Ni. Furthermore, the charge carrier's generation rate and theoretical thresholds for photovoltaic device efficiency were determined for varying active layer thicknesses by employing a normalized light intensity equivalent to that of the AM1.5 spectrum. The optimized performance of the simulated structure by considering realistic optical parameters of the solar cell was ~24%, obtained for the 500 nm CuO films. The performed theoretical work can help to employ CuO and boost the performance of solar cells experimentally.
Poorly controlled pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): An observational study
Authors: Koutny Florian , Wiemann Dagobert , Eckert Alexander , Meyhöfer Svenja , Fritsch Maria , Pappa Angeliki , Wiegand Susanna , Weyer Marc , Wurm Michael , Weghuber Daniel , Holl Reinhard W.
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Recent studies have suggested a link between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in children and adolescent, but longitudinal evidence is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between poorly controlled T1D and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serving as a proxy for MASLD in children and adolescents over time.

Methods

The study included 32,325 children aged 2−17 years with T1D from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland who had undergone at least one assessment of liver enzyme levels recorded in the Diabetes‐Patienten‐ Verlaufsdokumentation registry. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression models were calculated to show possible associations between T1D and elevated ALT values (>26 U/L in males, >22 U/L in females) as a proxy for MASLD.

Results

Children with poorly controlled T1D (HbA1c > 11%) exhibited increased odds of elevated ALT values, after adjustment for age, sex, diabetes duration and overweight (odds ratio [OR] 2.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.10–3.10; p < 0.01). This finding is substantiated by a longitudinal analysis, which reveals that inadequately controlled T1D was associated with a higher hazard ratio (HR) of elevated ALT values compared to children with controlled T1D over an observation period extending up to 5.5 (HR: 1.54; 95% CI, 1.19–2.01; p < 0.01).

Conclusion

In conclusion, the current study strongly links poorly controlled T1D in children and adolescents to MASLD irrespective of overweight. This association is not only present cross‐sectionally but also increases over time. The study underscores the critical role of effective diabetes management in reducing the risk of MASLD in this population.
Rescue therapy with upadacitinib in medically refractory pediatric ulcerative colitis
Authors: Miller Maria , Patel Ashish S. , Pasternak Brad
Published: April 2024

Approved options for advanced therapy in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are limited. Although Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are approved in adult IBD, their benefit in pediatric populations is not yet delineated. We present a 13‐year‐old female patient with ulcerative colitis (UC) refractory to numerous therapies and courses of prednisone that ultimately responded to a JAK inhibitor. Initial treatment consisted of 5‐aminosalicylate and azathioprine. This was changed to adalimumab due to persistent symptoms. Repeat colonoscopy revealed pancolitis, thus she was transitioned to vedolizumab. She was hospitalized twice for uncontrolled symptoms on vedolizumab and subsequent scope showed continued pancolitis. As a result, she transitioned to ustekinumab without symptomatic relief after adjusting to monthly dosing. The family declined colectomy, opting to exhaust all medical therapies. Upadacitinib was started and her symptoms resolved within 1 week, and she remains in steroid‐free remission. This case illustrates the possible role of JAK inhibitors in extensively refractory pediatric UC patients before colectomy.
Clinical genetics in breast cancer
Authors: Ntowe Koumani W. , Lee Michael S. , Plichta Jennifer K.
Published: April 2024

As genetic testing becomes increasingly more accessible and more applicable with a broader range of clinical implications, it may also become more challenging for breast cancer providers to remain up‐to‐date. This review outlines some of the current clinical guidelines and recent literature surrounding germline genetic testing, as well as genomic testing, in the screening, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer, while identifying potential areas of further research.
Kinetics of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol over CuO/ZnO/ZrO2 catalyst: Comparison of the differential and integral methods of kinetic analysis
Authors: Khawaja Saman , Usman Muhammad Rashid
Published: April 2024

The experimental data over CuO/ZnO/ZrO2 catalyst for a wide range of operating conditions were used to develop the kinetics of the reaction CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Three kinetic models such as the power law model, the Graaf kinetic model, and the Park kinetic model were tested against the experimental data. Both the mechanistic models have been developed based on the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood‐Hougen‐Watson approach and are specific only to the methanol synthesis from CO/CO2 hydrogenation. In an attempt to reduce the number of parameters in the two models, the abridged forms of these models were also tried. Overall, 25 kinetic rate equations were tested and the best‐fit kinetic rate expression with optimized parameters was worked out. Both the integral and differential methods of kinetic analysis were employed and their efficacy in finding the best‐fit expression was compared. The MATLAB built‐in function fminsearch was employed to perform the regression of the data. The Graaf model in its parent form, but with the new optimized values of the parameters, was found to be the best‐fit rate model. The Graaf kinetics, with re‐estimated parameters, could be helpful in designing and simulating a methanol synthesis reactor operating on CO2 and H2 feed and utilizing a CuO/ZnO/ZrO2 catalyst.
Quantum Coherence Effect in the Interaction of Light and Molecules
Authors: Song Yunrui , Qin Chengbing , Dong Shuai , Li Xiangdong , Wei Aoni , Zhang Guofeng , Chen Ruiyun , Hu Jianyong , Zeng Ganying , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang
Published: April 2024

Understanding the quantum coherence effects is crucial for their promising applications, such as engineering artificial photosynthesis, manipulating chemical reactions, and designing coherence‐based functional devices. Considering that a molecule is the smallest unit that can exist independently and maintain its physical and chemical properties, investigating the quantum coherence effects of molecules is of great significance in understanding their features. In this case, exploring quantum coherence effects in the interaction of light and molecules has been one of the leading topics. This review presents an overview of state‐of‐the‐art spectroscopic techniques and deep insights into molecular quantum coherence effects. It also offers prospects for future advancement. First, the history of development and origins of quantum coherence effects are briefly introduced in molecules. Then, the principle and exciting experimental progress of sophisticated techniques for investigating molecular quantum coherence effects are discussed. Late, molecular quantum coherence effects and their promising applications in various areas have been evaluated. Finally, the challenges and potential solutions are look ahead for studying the effects of quantum coherence on molecules. This review may offer some guidance to boost the understanding and employing the molecular quantum coherence effects.
Effect of Cr on the corrosion behavior of low carbon vanadium micro alloyed weathering steel in a simulated industrial atmosphere
Authors: Liu Yue , Zheng Xiao‐Ming , Cui Zi‐Xuan , Liu Peng‐Yu , Du Lin‐Xiu , Yang Zhi‐Nan
Published: April 2024

The study investigates the practical application of cyclic wet/dry corrosion tests in simulated industrial atmospheres to assess the impact of chromium (Cr) on the protective properties of vanadium micro‐alloyed weathering steels. Two types of steels were examined: a V‐N steel and a V‐N‐Cr micro‐alloyed weathering steel. These steels were subjected to corrosion tests with 0.01 mol/L NaHSO3 at a pH range of 4.4–4.8 for varying durations. The findings indicate that the inclusion of Cr in the composition of vanadium micro‐alloyed weathering steel enhances corrosion resistance and leads to the accumulation of Cr in the inner rust layer. Furthermore, the distribution of corrosion‐resistant elements (Cr, Ni, Cu, P, and Mo) in V‐N and V‐N‐Cr steels is analyzed. The rust layer was observed to exhibit stratification in the corrosive environment, with the outer layers being dense and uniform, while the inner layers were porous and exhibited poor adhesion to the matrix. The study also delves into the anticorrosion mechanism of vanadium weathering steel using techniques such as X‐ray diffractometer, electron probe microanalysis, and potential‐phase diagram.
Influence of initial pH and sulfate‐reducing bacteria concentration on the microbiologically influenced corrosion of buried pipeline steel
Authors: Liu Wenhui , Bi Wuxi , Hu Yabo , Lu Wenqi , Feng Wenhao , Wang Yipei , Li Yuheng , Liu Jianhua
Published: April 2024

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) caused by sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) is a major threat to buried pipelines. The crevices beneath disbonded coatings provide the environment for the survival and growth of SRB, accelerating the attachment of SRB and significantly reducing the effectiveness of buried pipelines. In this work, the influence of initial pH values (6.4, 8.0) and SRB concentrations (2.0 × 101, 4.5 × 102, 2.5 × 103 cells/mL) were investigated on the behaviors of L415 carbon steel. The results indicated that the overall uniform corrosion rate of L415 carbon steel decreased while the maximum pitting corrosion rate exhibited an increasing trend with the increasing of initial concentration of SRB. In comparison to the pH 6.4 environment, the overall risk of pitting corrosion in pH 8.0 environment was reduced due to the biomineralization of SRB, enhancing the protection of metal materials.
Characterizing arginine, ornithine, and putrescine pathways in enteric pathobionts
Authors: Lillie Ian M. , Booth Charles E. , Horvath Adelaide E. , Mondragon Matthew , Engevik Melinda A. , Horvath Thomas D.
Published: April 2024

Arginine‐ornithine metabolism plays a crucial role in bacterial homeostasis, as evidenced by numerous studies. However, the utilization of arginine and the downstream products of its metabolism remain undefined in various gut bacteria. To bridge this knowledge gap, we employed genomic screening to pinpoint relevant metabolic targets. We also devised a targeted liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) metabolomics method to measure the levels of arginine, its upstream precursors, and downstream products in cell‐free conditioned media from enteric pathobionts, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, K. pneumoniae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Acinetobacter baumannii, Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. Our findings revealed that all selected bacterial strains consumed glutamine, glutamate, and arginine, and produced citrulline, ornithine, and GABA in our chemically defined medium. Additionally, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, K. aerogenes, and P. fluorescens were found to convert arginine to agmatine and produce putrescine. Interestingly, arginine supplementation promoted biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae, while ornithine supplementation enhanced biofilm formation in S. epidermidis. These findings offer a comprehensive insight into arginine‐ornithine metabolism in enteric pathobionts.
Impact of the gut microbiome on atherosclerosis
Authors: Mao Yuqin , Kong Chao , Zang Tongtong , You Lingsen , Wang Li‐Shun , Shen Li , Ge Jun‐Bo
Published: April 2024

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory metabolic disease with a complex pathogenesis. However, the exact details of its pathogenesis are still unclear, which limits effective clinical treatment of atherosclerosis. Recently, multiple studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. This review discusses possible treatments for atherosclerosis using the gut microbiome as an intervention target and summarizes the role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in the development of atherosclerosis. New strategies for the treatment of atherosclerosis are needed. This review provides clues for further research on the mechanisms of the relationship between the gut microbiota and atherosclerosis.
Ppb‐level CO2 sensor based on a miniature multipass cell with eight‐petaled spot pattern
Authors: Wang Chenglong , Lin Leqing , Zeng Xiangyu , Xie Jiabao , Luo Huijian , Lin Haoyang , Wang Lihao , Tang Jieyuan , Cui Ruyue , Zhu Wenguo , Zhong Yongchun , Yu Jianhui , Dong Lei , Wu Hongpeng , Zheng Huadan
Published: April 2024

This paper presents an innovative carbon dioxide sensor leveraging a dense‐pattern multipass absorption cell. This novel design dramatically compacts an extensive optical path of approximately 11.4 m into a 70 mm inter‐mirror distance, effectively enhancing the system's sensitivity and reducing its size. Utilizing a 2004 nm diode laser, the sensor accurately targets a potent CO2 absorption line at 4989.9 cm−1. Experimental validation reveals remarkable linearity (R² = .999) and a detection limit of 59 ppb with 1 s integration time. The incorporation of Kalman filtering techniques further refines the sensor's performance, reducing the detection limit to 30 ppb—a substantial improvement of 49%. This advancement in sensor technology marks a significant step forward in efficient and precise CO2 monitoring.
Machine Learning Model Based on Radiomics for Preoperative Differentiation of Jaw Cystic Lesions
Authors: Fang Songling , Wang Yuepeng , He Yilin , Yu Taihui , Xie Yutong , Cai Yongkang , Li Wenhao , Wang Yan , Huang Zhiquan
Published: April 2024

Objective

This study aims to use machine learning techniques together with radiomics methods to build a preoperative predictive diagnostic model from spiral computed tomography (CT) images. The model is intended for the differential diagnosis of common jaw cystic lesions.

Study Design

Retrospective, case‐control study.

Setting

This retrospective study was conducted at Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University (Guangzhou, Guangdong, China). All the data used to build the predictive diagnostic model were collected from 160 patients, who were treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University between 2019 and 2023.

Methods

We included a total of 160 patients in this study. We extracted 107 radiomic features from each patient's CT scan images. After a feature selection process, we chose 15 of these radiomic features to construct the predictive diagnostic model.

Results

Among the preoperative predictive diagnostic models built using 3 different machine learning methods (support vector machine, random forest [RF], and multivariate logistic regression), the RF model showed the best predictive performance. It demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.923, a specificity of 0.643, an accuracy of 0.825, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.810.

Conclusion

The preoperative predictive model, based on spiral CT radiomics and machine learning algorithms, shows promising differential diagnostic capabilities. For common jaw cystic lesions, this predictive model has potential clinical application value, providing a scientific reference for treatment decisions.
International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) Global Mapping Programme: Latin American Society of Pediatric Oncology (SLAOP) country‐level report
Authors: Cappellano Andrea , Gorostegui Maite , Gonzalez‐Ramella Oscar , Filho Nevicolino Pereira Carvalho , Valencia Diana , Chantada Luisa , Sampor Claudia , Serrano María J. , Macedo Carla , Ramirez Oscar , Sardinas Susan , Lezcano Eva , Calderón Patricia , Gamboa Yessika , Fu Ligia , Gómez Wendy , Schelotto Magdalena , Ugaz Cecilia , Lobos Pablo , Aguiar Simone Dos Santos , Moreno Katiuska , Palma Julia , Sánchez Gissela , Moschella Filomena , Gassant Pascale Yola Heurtelou , Velasquez Thelma , Quintero Karina , Moreno Florencia , Villarroel Milena , Fuentes Alabi Soad , Vasquez Liliana , Challinor Julia , Chantada Guillermo L.
Published: April 2024

Background

Latin American countries are improving childhood cancer care, showing strong commitment to implement the Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer, but there are scant publications of the situation at a continental level.

Methods

As part of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology Global Mapping project, delegates of each country participating in the Latin American Society of Pediatric Oncology (SLAOP) and chairs of national pediatric oncology societies and cooperative groups were invited to provide information regarding availability of national pediatric cancer control programs (NPCCP), pediatric oncology laws, pediatric oncology tumor registries, and training programs and support to diagnosis and treatment.

Results

Nineteen of the 20 countries participating in SLAOP responded. National delegates reported nine countries with NPCCP and four of them were launched in the past 5 years. National pediatric tumor registries are available in eight countries, and three provided published survival results. Fellowship programs for training pediatric oncologists are available in 12 countries. National delegates reported that eight countries provide support to most essential diagnosis and treatments and 11 provide partial or minimal support that is supplemented by civil society organizations. Seven countries have a pediatric oncology law. There are three international cooperative groups and four national societies for pediatric oncology.

Conclusion

Despite many challenges, there were dramatic advances in survivorship, access to treatment, and availability of NPCCP in Latin America. Countries with highest social development scores in general provide more complete support and are more likely to have NPCCP, training programs, and reported survival results.
Simultaneous separation and determination of seven biphenyl cyclooctene lignans in Schisandra chinensis and its preparations by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with dual organic solvent system
Authors: Wang Meiyi , Ren Junzhao , Zhang Guangbin , Zhang Hongfen , Chang Ruimiao , Yu Haixia , Chen Anjia
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Gomisin is a natural dibenzo cyclooctene lignan, which is mainly derived from the family Magnoliaceae. It has anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anti‐tumor, anti‐aging, and hypoglycemic effects. Gomisins play important roles as medicines, nutraceuticals, food additives, and cosmetics.

Objective

The objective of this study is to establish a micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method for simultaneous separation and determination of seven biphenyl cyclooctene lignans (Gomisin D, E, G, H, J, N, and O) in Schisandra chinensis and its preparations.

Methods

The method was optimized by studying the effects of the main parameters on the separation. The method has been validated and successfully applied to the determination of seven Gomisins in S. chinensis and its preparations.

Results

In the separation system, the running buffer was composed of 20 mM Na2HPO4, 8.0 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 11% (v/v) methanol, and 6.0% (v/v) ethanol. A diode array detector was used with a detection wavelength of 230 nm, a separation voltage of 17 kV, and an operating temperature of 25°C. Under this condition, the seven analytes were separated at baseline within 20 min, and a good linear relationship was obtained with correlation coefficient ranging from 0.9919 to 0.9992. The limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) and the limit of quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) ranged from 0.8 to 0.9 μg/mL and from 2.6 to 3.0 μg/mL, respectively. The recovery rate was between 99.1% and 102.5%.

Conclusion

The experimental results indicated that this method is suitable for the separation and determination of seven Schisandra biphenyl cyclooctene lignan compounds in real samples. At the same time, it provides an effective reference for the quality control of S. chinensis and its preparations.
Deep‐learning computer vision can identify increased nuchal translucency in the first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Kasera Bhavya , Shinar Shiri , Edke Parinita , Pruthi Vagisha , Goldenberg Anna , Erdman Lauren , Van Mieghem Tim
Published: April 2024

Objective

Many fetal anomalies can already be diagnosed by ultrasound in the first trimester of pregnancy. Unfortunately, in clinical practice, detection rates for anomalies in early pregnancy remain low. Our aim was to use an automated image segmentation algorithm to detect one of the most common fetal anomalies: a thickened nuchal translucency (NT), which is a marker for genetic and structural anomalies.

Methods

Standardized mid‐sagittal ultrasound images of the fetal head and chest were collected for 560 fetuses between 11 and 13 weeks and 6 days of gestation, 88 (15.7%) of whom had an NT thicker than 3.5 mm. Image quality was graded as high or low by two fetal medicine experts. Images were divided into a training‐set (n = 451, 55 thick NT) and a test‐set (n = 109, 33 thick NT). We then trained a U‐Net convolutional neural network to segment the fetus and the NT region and computed the NT:fetus ratio of these regions. The ability of this ratio to separate thick (anomalous) NT regions from healthy, typical NT regions was first evaluated in ground‐truth segmentation to validate the metric and then with predicted segmentation to validate our algorithm, both using the area under the receiver operator curve (AUROC).

Results

The ground‐truth NT:fetus ratio detected thick NTs with 0.97 AUROC in both the training and test sets. The fetus and NT regions were detected with a Dice score of 0.94 in the test set. The NT:fetus ratio based on model segmentation detected thick NTs with an AUROC of 0.96 relative to clinician labels. At a 91% specificity, 94% of thick NT cases were detected (sensitivity) in the test set. The detection rate was statistically higher (p = 0.003) in high versus low‐quality images (AUROC 0.98 vs. 0.90, respectively).

Conclusion

Our model provides an explainable deep‐learning method for detecting increased NT. This technique can be used to screen for other fetal anomalies in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Increase transparency and reproducibility of real‐world evidence in rare diseases through disease‐specific Federated Data Networks
Authors: van Baalen Valerie , Didden Eva‐Maria , Rosenberg Daniel , Bardenheuer Kristina , van Speybroeck Michel , Brand Monika
Published: April 2024

Purpose

In rare diseases, real‐world evidence (RWE) generation is often restricted due to small patient numbers and global geographic distribution. A federated data network (FDN) approach brings together multiple data sources harmonized for collaboration to increase the power of observational research. In this paper, we review how to increase reproducibility and transparency of RWE studies in rare diseases through disease‐specific FDNs.

Method

To be successful, a multiple stakeholder scientific FDN collaboration requires a strong governance model in place. In such a model, each database owner remains in full control regarding the use of and access to patient‐level data and is responsible for data privacy, ethical, and legal compliance. Provided that all this is well documented and good database descriptions are in place, such a governance model results in increased transparency, while reproducibility is achieved through data curation and harmonization, and distributed analytical methods.

Results

Leveraging the OHDSI community set of methods and tools, two rare disease‐specific FDNs are discussed in more detail. For multiple myeloma, HONEUR—the Haematology Outcomes Network in Europe—has built a strong community among the data partners dedicated to scientific exchange and research. To advance scientific knowledge in pulmonary hypertension (PH) an FDN, called PHederation, was established to form a partnership of research institutions with PH databases coming from diverse origins.
Validity of ICD‐10‐based algorithms to identify patients with influenza in inpatient and outpatient settings
Authors: Benack Kirk , Nyandege Abner , Nonnenmacher Edward , Jan Saira , Setoguchi Soko , Gerhard Tobias , Strom Brian L. , Horton Daniel B.
Published: April 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the validity of ICD‐10‐CM code‐based algorithms as proxies for influenza in inpatient and outpatient settings in the USA.

Methods

Administrative claims data (2015–2018) from the largest commercial insurer in New Jersey (NJ), USA, were probabilistically linked to outpatient and inpatient electronic health record (EHR) data containing influenza test results from a large NJ health system. The primary claims‐based algorithms defined influenza as presence of an ICD‐10‐CM code for influenza, stratified by setting (inpatient/outpatient) and code position for inpatient encounters. Test characteristics and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using test‐positive influenza as a reference standard. Test characteristics of alternative outpatient algorithms incorporating CPT/HCPCS testing codes and anti‐influenza medication pharmacy claims were also calculated.

Results

There were 430 documented influenza test results within the study period (295 inpatient, 135 outpatient). The claims‐based influenza definition had a sensitivity of 84.9% (95% CI 72.9%–92.1%), specificity of 96.3% (95% CI 93.1%–98.0%), and PPV of 83.3% (95% CI 71.3%–91.0%) in the inpatient setting, and a sensitivity of 76.7% (95% CI 59.1%–88.2%), specificity of 96.2% (95% CI 90.6%–98.5%), PPV of 85.2% (95% CI 67.5%–94.1%) in the outpatient setting. Primary inpatient discharge diagnoses had a sensitivity of 54.7% (95% CI 41.5%–67.3%), specificity of 99.6% (95% CI 97.7%–99.9%), and PPV of 96.7% (95% CI 83.3%–99.4%). CPT/HCPCS codes and anti‐influenza medication claims were present for few outpatient encounters (sensitivity 3%–10%).

Conclusions

In a large US healthcare system, inpatient ICD‐10‐CM codes for influenza, particularly primary inpatient diagnoses, had high predictive value for test‐positive influenza. Outpatient ICD‐10‐CM codes were moderately predictive of test‐positive influenza.
Open‐source large language models in action: A bioinformatics chatbot for PRIDE database
Authors: Bai Jingwen , Kamatchinathan Selvakumar , Kundu Deepti J. , Bandla Chakradhar , Vizcaíno Juan Antonio , Perez‐Riverol Yasset
Published: April 2024

We here present a chatbot assistant infrastructure (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pride/chatbot/) that simplifies user interactions with the PRIDE database's documentation and dataset search functionality. The framework utilizes multiple Large Language Models (LLM): llama2, chatglm, mixtral (mistral), and openhermes. It also includes a web service API (Application Programming Interface), web interface, and components for indexing and managing vector databases. An Elo‐ranking system‐based benchmark component is included in the framework as well, which allows for evaluating the performance of each LLM and for improving PRIDE documentation. The chatbot not only allows users to interact with PRIDE documentation but can also be used to search and find PRIDE datasets using an LLM‐based recommendation system, enabling dataset discoverability. Importantly, while our infrastructure is exemplified through its application in the PRIDE database context, the modular and adaptable nature of our approach positions it as a valuable tool for improving user experiences across a spectrum of bioinformatics and proteomics tools and resources, among other domains. The integration of advanced LLMs, innovative vector‐based construction, the benchmarking framework, and optimized documentation collectively form a robust and transferable chatbot assistant infrastructure. The framework is open‐source (https://github.com/PRIDE‐Archive/pride‐chatbot).
Development of a bronchopulmonary dysplasia nutrition focused physical examination tool: A modified Delphi study
Authors: Bathgate Jennifer R. , Pike Kimberli , Newkirk Melanie , Rigassio Radler Diane L. , Byham‐Gray Laura , Ziegler Jane
Published: April 2024

Objective

The objectives of this study were to identify factors impacting nutrition needs in infants and children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). A modified Delphi approach to obtain consensus among pediatric registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) was used to create a BPD‐specific nutrition focused physical examination (NFPE) tool.

Study design

RDNs, recruited through pediatric nutrition professional associations, completed a survey rating proposed NFPE components on a Likert scale of 1‐5 allowing open‐ended responses in a two‐round Delphi. Responses were analyzed, deidentified, and results were returned to panelists for in‐round feedback. Consensus was defined a priori as 75% agreement for usefulness or relevance ± 1 standard deviation.

Results

Six domains (anthropometrics, body composition, development, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and physical signs) and 38 components achieved consensus.

Conclusion

Components for an evidence‐based tool to enhance nutrition assessment in infants and children with BPD were identified with consensus agreement by an expert panel of 19 pediatric RDNs.
Prevalence, stability, and clinical significance of an isolated low FEV1 spirometry pattern in children
Authors: Wyatt MacKenzie L. , Sokolow Andrew G. , Brown Rebekah F. , Kaslow Jacob A. , Tolle James J. , Weiner Daniel J. , Rosas‐Salazar Christian
Published: April 2024

Objectives

In adults, an isolated low FEV1 pattern (an FEV1 below the lower limit of normal with a preserved FVC and FEV1/FVC) has been associated with the risk of developing airway obstruction. Our objective was to examine the prevalence, stability, and clinical significance of an isolated low FEV1 pattern in the pediatric population.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of spirometries from children ages 6−21 years and categorized tests into spirometry patterns according to published guidelines and recent literature. In a subgroup of tests with an isolated low FEV1 pattern, we evaluated spirometry technique. We also examined the association of having a test with an isolated low FEV1 pattern with clinical markers of disease severity in a subgroup of children with cystic fibrosis (CF).

Results

The isolated low FEV1 pattern was uncommon across the 29,979 tests included (n = 645 [2%]). In the 263 children with an isolated low FEV1 pattern who had a follow‐up test performed, the most frequent spirometry pattern at last test was normal (n = 123 [47%]). A primary diagnosis of CF was associated with increased odds of having at least one test with an isolated low FEV1 pattern (OR = 8.37, 95% CI = 4.70−15.96, p < .001). The spirometry quality in a subgroup of tests with an isolated low FEV1 pattern (n = 50) was satisfactory. In the subgroup of children with CF (n = 102), those who had a test with an isolated low FEV1 pattern had higher odds of using oral antibiotics in the last 12 months than those who had a normal pattern (OR = 3.50, 95% CI = 1.15−10.63, p = .03).

Conclusions

The isolated low FEV1 pattern can occur repeatedly over time, usually transitions to a normal pattern, is not due to a poor spirometry technique, and could be clinically relevant in children with chronic lung diseases.
Combination of prostate volume and apparent diffusion coefficient can stratify patients with a PI‐RADS score of 3 to reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies
Authors: Dong Qifei , Wang Changming , Shen Deyun , Ma Yifan , Zhang Bin , Xu Siqin , Tao Tao , Xiao Jun
Published: April 2024

Background

Nowadays, there are many patients who undergo unnecessary prostate biopsies after receiving a prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI‐RADS) score of 3. Our purpose is to identify cutoff values of the prostate volume (PV) and minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmin) to stratify those patients to reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies.

Methods

Data from 224 qualified patients who received prostate biopsies from January 2019 to June 2023 were collected. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare non‐normal distributed continuous variables, which were recorded as median (interquartile ranges). The correlation coefficients were calculated using Spearman's rank correlation analysis. Categorical variables are recorded by numbers (percentages) and compared by χ2 test. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine the independent predictors. The receiver‐operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of clinical variables.

Results

Out of a total of 224 patients, 36 patients (16.07%) were diagnosed with clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), whereas 72 patients (32.14%) were diagnosed with any grade prostate cancer. The result of multivariate analysis demonstrated that the PV (p < 0.001, odds ratio [OR]: 0.952, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.927–0.978) and ADCmin (p < 0.01, OR: 0.993, 95% CI: 0.989–0.998) were the independent factors for predicting csPCa. The AUC values of the PV and ADCmin were 0.779 (95% CI: 0.718–0.831) and 0.799 (95% CI: 0.740–0.849), respectively, for diagnosing csPCa. After stratifying patients by PV and ADCmin, 24 patients (47.06%) with “PV < 55 mL and ADCmin < 685 μm2/s” were diagnosed with csPCa. However, only one patient (1.25%) with PV ≥ 55 mL and ADCmin ≥ 685 μm2/s were diagnosed with csPCa.

Conclusions

In this study, we found the combination of PV and ADCmin can stratify patients with a PI‐RADS score of 3 to reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies. These patients with “PV ≥ 55 mL and ADCmin ≥ 685 μm2/s” may safely avoid prostate biopsies.
Ejaculatory and erectile function outcomes following holmium laser enucleation of the prostate
Authors: Roper Chinade , Slade Austen , Caras Ronald , Shelton Thomas , Rivera Marcelino
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is a surgical treatment option for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Many men develop retrograde ejaculation postprocedure, but there is conflicting evidence regarding sexual function outcomes post‐HoLEP. We sought to examine significant variations in patient‐reported erectile and ejaculatory function within 12 months post‐HoLEP.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a retrospective study for patients who underwent HoLEP between Nov 2018 and Feb 2022. Of the reviewed patients, 277 patients met inclusion criteria and completed pre and postoperative questionnaires, which included the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire‐ Ejaculatory Dysfunction (MSHQ‐EJD) and the International Index of Erectile Function/Sexual Health Inventory for Men (IIEF‐5/SHIM). Surveys were provided to patients up to 12 months postprocedure. Demographics and comorbidities associated with sexual dysfunction were collected. Responses to each question were analyzed to detect sub‐categorical variations in sexual function as the secondary objective. Data was analyzed by using a linear mixed model.

Results

There was a significant decline in total scores for the MSHQ‐EJD (8.70 pre‐HoLEP vs. 6.58 post HoLEP, p ≤ 0.001) including a significant decline (p < 0.005) in questions 1–3 which assess ejaculatory ability, strength, and volume. There was not a significant decline in question 4 which assesses bother (2.552 pre‐HoLEP vs. 3.119 post‐HoLEP, p = 0.526). There was not a significant decline in the IIEF‐5/SHIM postoperatively (11.51 pre‐HoLEP vs. 13.327 post‐HoLEP, p = 0.498).

Conclusions

Patients undergoing HoLEP do not experience a decline in erectile function. Patients do experience a decline in ejaculatory function but did not find this bothersome.