bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hafnia-based oxide enhanced Ga2O3-based photodetectors via band engineering with ultralarge responsivity
Authors: Wu Han , Shen Jiaying , Shu Lincong , Dai Jie , Sha Shulin , Liu Zeng , Tang Weihua , Wang Yuehui , Wu Zhenping , Lin Kun , Li Qiang , Miao Jun , Xing Xianran
Published: March 2024

β-Ga2O3 photodetectors achieve ultrahigh responsivity under low supply voltage and ultralow light intensity conditions via band engineering with polar Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 as an insert layer.
Development of electrochemical sensors for quick detection of environmental (soil and water) NPK ions
Authors: Hossain M. I. , Khaleque M. A. , Ali M. R. , Bacchu M. S. , Hossain M. S. , Shahed S. M. F. , Saad Aly M. Aly , Khan Md. Z. H.
Published: March 2024

When a plant shows deficiency syndromes, sometimes it becomes too late for the farmer to apply fertilizer, as most rely on checking plant leaves to assess their nutrition level. Electrochemical sensors can bring revolution here. Other pollutants (NPK) can also be determined using these sensors.
Amino acid-assisted effect on hydrate-based CO2 storage in porous media with brine
Authors: Rehman Amirun Nissa , Bavoh Cornelius Borecho , Khan Mohd Yusuf , Lal Bhajan
Published: March 2024

CO2 storage as hydrates in porous media is a promising method for storing carbon dioxide (CO2).
Recent investigations into deborylative (thio-/seleno-) cyanation of aryl boronic acids
Authors: Behmagham Farnaz , Mustafa Mohammed Ahmed , Saraswat Shelesh Krishna , Khalaf Karm Anez , Kaur Mandeep , Ghildiyal Pallavi , Vessally Esmail
Published: March 2024

In this review, we intend to summarize the most important discoveries in the deborylative (thio-/seleno-) cyanation of aryl boronic acids from 2006 to the end of 2023.
Design and development of nanostructured photocatalysts for large-scale solar green hydrogen generation
Authors: Sahu Pratyush Kumar , Champati Aslisha , Pradhan Abanti , Naik Brundabana
Published: March 2024

Thin films mediated photocatalytic hydrogen production is the recent intriguing challenge to overcome the global energy demand. By development of fine nanomaterials and preparation of thin films hydrogen production can be increased to large scale.
Trace Cs induced phase transition of Mn2O3 for enhanced magnesium ion capacitors
Authors: Li Mudi , Ding Yaxi , Zhang Siwen , Liu Minghui , Sun Ying , Zhang Yusheng , Yin Bosi , Ma Tianyi
Published: March 2024

Inducing the phase transition from Mn2O3 to trace Cs induced Mn3O4 (CMO) by trace Cs can provide more magnesium ion energy storage active sites, enhance the reversibility of ion insertion/deinsertion and result in higher capacity.
Hydrazide and amidoxime dual functional membranes for uranium extraction from seawater
Authors: Yao Yunyou , Liao Jian , Xu Xiao , Huang Chen , Fu Mengtao , Chen Kang , Ma Lin , Han Jiaguang , Xu Lu , Ma Hongjuan
Published: March 2024

Amidoxime (AO)-based adsorbents are currently regarded as the most promising materials for extracting uranium (U) from seawater, but have limited adsorption capacities.
Improved cycling stability and ON/OFF ratio of SrFeOx topological phase transition memristors using a La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 bottom electrode
Authors: Zhang Runqing , Su Rui , Xiao Ruizi , Yuan Zhengze , Cheng Weiming , Tong Hao , Miao Xiangshui
Published: March 2024

Single-crystal BM-SFO films with horizontal superlattice-like stripes were epitaxially grown on LSMO bottom electrodes and Au/SFO/LSMO memristors exhibit excellent I–V cycling stability and improved ON/OFF ratio.
Acoustic emissions from spin crossover complexes
Authors: Kamel Sarah M. , Daróczi Lajos , Tóth László Z. , Beke Dezső L. , Juárez Gerardo Gutiérrez , Cobo Saioa , Salmon Lionel , Molnár Gábor , Bousseksou Azzedine
Published: March 2024

Listening to the acoustic noise emitted by molecular spin crossover materials reveals both reversible and irreversible microstructural phenomena associated with the spin transition, providing a simple tool to detect structural fatigability.
Green-emissive Ce3+:Lu3Al5O12–Al2O3 nanoceramics elaborated via glass crystallization for high-power laser lighting applications
Authors: Fu Jie , Feng Shaowei , Genevois Cécile , Véron Emmanuel , Yang Yafeng , Wang Hui , Ma Zhibiao , Bai Linghan , Xu Wenlong , Fan Ruyu , Wang Chengzhi , Allix Mathieu , Li Jianqiang
Published: March 2024

Ce:LuAG–Al2O3 nanoceramics prepared through glass crystallization present an ultrahigh luminous flux (LF) of 5124.7 lm and an excellent luminous density of 4235.5 lm mm−2 in LD-driven lighting.
Relationship Between Cognitive Abilities and Basic Auditory Processing in Young Adults
Authors: Maggu Akshay R. , Sharma Bhamini
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

The diagnosis of auditory processing disorder (APD) is controversial particularly due to the influence of higher order factors of language and cognition on the diagnostic APD testing. As a result, there might be a need for testing for other domains (e.g., cognition) along with conducting the diagnostic APD testing to rule out the influence of other domains. In order to make recommendations on whether cognitive testing is needed along with the auditory processing testing, as a starting point, the current study was conducted to examine the relationship between cognitive abilities and basic auditory processing in young adults.

Method:

A total of 38 young adults with normal audiometric thresholds between 250 and 8000 Hz participated in this study. They were tested on their executive function, language, processing speed, working memory, and episodic memory components of cognitive testing and tests for temporal fine structure and spectrotemporal sensitivity for auditory processing testing.

Results:

No significant correlation was found between the cognitive tests and the tests for basic auditory processing in young adults.

Conclusions:

These findings present contrast to the existing findings in children and older adults where a stronger correlation between cognitive abilities and auditory processing has been found. The current findings suggest that testing for cognitive abilities may not be needed when testing for basic auditory processing in young adults.
Ready for Discharge, but Are They Ready to Go Home? Examining Neighborhood-Level Disadvantage as a Marker of the Social Exposome and the Swallowing Care Process in a Retrospective Cohort of Inpatients With Dementia
Authors: Robison Raele Donetha , Butz Nicole , Gustafson Sara , Wang Steven , Falvey Jason , Mackowicz-Torres Meredith , Rogus-Pulia Nicole , Kind Amy
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

Socioeconomically disadvantaged areas are more resource poor, impacting adherence to swallowing care recommendations. Neighborhood-level disadvantage metrics, such as the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), allow for examination of social determinants of health (SDOH) in a precise region. We examined ADI in a cohort of persons living with dementia (PLWD) to determine representation of those residing in areas of socioeconomic disadvantage (high ADI), distribution of swallowing care provided, and frequency of SDOH-related counseling or resource linking prior to discharge.

Method:

A retrospective chart abstraction was performed for all inpatients with a diagnosis of dementia (
N
= 204) seen by the Swallow Service at a large academic hospital in 2014. State ADI Deciles 1 (least) to 10 (most socioeconomic disadvantage) and decile groups (1–3, 4–7, and 8–10) were compared with the surrounding county. Frequency of videofluoroscopic swallowing evaluations (VFSEs) based on ADI deciles was recorded. To determine whether SDOH-related counseling or resource linking occurred for those in high ADI (8–10) neighborhoods, speech-language pathology notes, and discharge summaries were reviewed. Descriptive statistics, independent samples
t
tests, and one-way analysis of variance were calculated.

Results:

ADI was significantly higher in this cohort (
M
= 3.84,
SD
= 2.58) than in the surrounding county (
M
= 2.79,
SD
= 1.88,
p
= .000). There was no significant difference in utilization of swallowing services across decile groups (
p
= .88). Although the majority (85%) in high ADI areas was recommended diet modifications or alternative nutrition likely requiring extra resources, there was no documentation indicating that additional SDOH resource linking or counseling was provided.

Conclusions:

These findings raise important questions about the role and responsibility of speech-language pathologists in tailoring swallowing services to challenges posed by the lived environment, particularly in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. This underscores the need for further research to understand and address gaps in postdischarge support for PLWD in high-ADI regions and advocate for more equitable provision of swallowing care.
Predictors of Listening-Related Fatigue in Adolescents With Hearing Loss
Authors: Klein Kelsey E. , Harris Lauren A. , Humphrey Elizabeth L. , Noss Emily C. , Sanderson Autumn M. , Yeager Kelly R.
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

Self-reported listening-related fatigue in adolescents with hearing loss (HL) was investigated. Specifically, the extent to which listening-related fatigue is associated with school accommodations, audiologic characteristics, and listening breaks was examined.

Method:

Participants were 144 adolescents with HL ages 12–19 years. Data were collected online via Qualtrics. The Vanderbilt Fatigue Scale–Child was used to measure listening-related fatigue. Participants also reported on their use of listening breaks and school accommodations, including an Individualized Education Program (IEP) or 504 plan, remote microphone systems, closed captioning, preferential seating, sign language interpreters, live transcriptions, and notetakers.

Results:

After controlling for age, HL laterality, and self-perceived listening difficulty, adolescents with an IEP or a 504 plan reported lower listening-related fatigue compared to adolescents without an IEP or a 504 plan. Adolescents who more frequently used remote microphone systems or notetakers reported higher listening-related fatigue compared to adolescents who used these accommodations less frequently, whereas increased use of a sign language interpreter was associated with decreased listening-related fatigue. Among adolescents with unilateral HL, higher age was associated with lower listening-related fatigue; no effect of age was found among adolescents with bilateral HL. Listening-related fatigue did not differ based on hearing device configuration.

Conclusions:

Adolescents with HL should be considered at risk for listening-related fatigue regardless of the type of hearing devices used or the degree of HL. The individualized support provided by an IEP or 504 plan may help alleviate listening-related fatigue, especially by empowering adolescents with HL to be self-advocates in terms of their listening needs and accommodations in school. Additional research is needed to better understand the role of specific school accommodations and listening breaks in addressing listening-related fatigue.
BANG-MaNGA: A census of kinematic discs and bulges across mass and star formation in the local Universe
Authors: Rigamonti Fabio , Cortese Luca , Bollati Francesco , Covino Stefano , Dotti Massimo , Fraser-McKelvie Amelia , Haardt Francesco
Published: March 2024

In this work, we aim to quantify the relevance of kinematically identified bulges and discs and their role in the process of galaxy quenching. To achieve this, we utilised an analysis of the SDSS-MaNGA survey conducted with the GPU-based codeBANGwhich simultaneously models galaxy photometry and kinematics to decompose galaxies into their structural components. We found that belowM⋆ ≃ 1011 M⊙, galaxies span a wide range in their dynamical properties. The overall dynamical state of a galaxy is determined by the relative prominence of a dispersion-supported inner region and a rotationally supported disc. Our decomposition reveals a natural separation between these classes, with only a minor fraction of stellar mass retained by structures exhibiting intermediate dynamical support. When examining galaxies in terms of their star formation activity, an apparent substantial decrease in rotational support is observed as they move below the star-forming main sequence. This behaviour is particularly evident when using luminosity-weighted tracers of kinematics, while it almost vanishes with mass-weighted tracers. Luminosity-weighted quantities not only capture differences in kinematics but also in the stellar population, potentially leading to biased interpretations of galaxy dynamical properties and quenching. Our findings indicate that quenching implies almost no any structural transformation in galaxies belowM⋆ ≃ 1011 M⊙. Processes such as disc fading are more likely explanations for the observed differences in mass-weighted and luminosity-weighted galaxy properties. When the galactic disc ceases star formation, its mass-to-light ratio does indeed increase without any significant morphological transformation. The picture is remarkably different aboveM⋆ ≃ 1011 M⊙. In this case, regardless of the tracer used, a substantial increase in galaxy dispersion support is observed along with a significant structural change. A different quenching mechanism, most likely associated with mergers, dominates. Notably, this mechanism is confined to a very limited range of high masses.
Rheological investigation of bitumen, used for radioactive waste conditioning, with ultrasonic waves
Authors: Laux Didier , Toulgoat Killian , Millot Lucie , Ferrandis Jean-Yves
Published: March 2024

In the context of bituminized radioactive waste storage and disposal, nucleation monitoring at room temperature and radiolysis bubbles migration at elevated temperature is crucial particularly in fire scenarios where bubble may impact thermal properties. Traditional methods are limited by the opacity of bitumen. To gain a deeper insight into bitumen rheology and ultrasonic wave propagation, we conducted a pilot study using ultrasonic testing cells spanning temperatures from 10°C to 60°C. Ultrasonic velocities and attenuations were measured at around 500 kHz in a 70/100 grade bitumen. Rheological information was deduced with the Time-Temperature Superposition principle and a behaviour model was proposed to describe bitumen across a wide frequency range. Notably, our study reveals a transition point around 50°C to 60°C, where bitumen’s liquid behaviour becomes dominant. The shear-thinning characteristics gradually give way to a more Newtonian response. Using the proposed model, ultrasonic attenuation and viscosity were estimated at 110°C. Acceptable ultrasonic frequencies for monitoring the nucleation and migration of radiolysis bubbles are discussed for future investigations. These findings have significant implications for safety measures and a deeper understanding of bitumen response within the realm of radioactive waste management.
Improvements on the 4-adic complexity of a class of quaternary sequences
Authors: Jiang Ting , Fu Fang-Wei
Published: March 2024

Yang and Ke proposed a new class of quaternary sequences with low autocorrelation of period pq by using the inverse Gray mapping and the pair of two generalized cyclotomic sequences (Cryptography and Communications, vol. 3, pp. 55–64, 2011). In this paper, we aim to study and determine the 4-adic complexity of this class of quaternary sequences, and our results show that the 4-adic complexity of this class of quaternary sequences is quite large, and it can reach the maximum in particular cases.
Influence of sintering temperature on Ti6Al4V-Si3N4-ZrO2 ternary composites prepared by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Ogunmefun Anthony Olakunle , Ayodele Olusoji , Bayode Lawrence , Anamu Ufoma , Olorundaisi Emmanuel , Mkhatshwa Sindile , Babalola Joseph , Ngeleshi Michael , Odetola Peter , Olubambi Peter Apata
Published: March 2024

In this study, Ti6Al4V-ZrO2-Si3N4 ternary composites were fabricated using a novel spark plasma sintering technique at different temperatures between 950-1200 °C, the pressure of 50 MPa, sintering rate of 100 °C/min, and a holding time of 10 min to determine the effect of sintering temperature on the consolidated composites. The microstructures of the fabricated composites were examined by the scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX). The distinct phases and the nano-mechanical properties of the composite were determined by the X-ray diffractometer and nanoindenter. The results show a non-linear response. At elevated temperatures from the composite sample, CT1-950 °C to the composite sample, CT2-1100 °C, the densification, and nanomechanical properties experienced an increase, and when the temperature is elevated to 1200 °C, composite CT3 declines in values. However, the relative density of all fabricated composites was above 95%, which suggests an overall good densification via the spark plasma sintering technique. The ternary composite fabricated at 1100 °C, (CT2) attained maximum values of Vickers hardness, elastic modulus, and nano hardness at 7380 MPa, 177.91 GPa, and 60.06 GPa, respectively, while composite CT3 declines at 1200 °C.
Proposition d’outils éducatifs pour accompagner le changement lors des programmes d’éducation thérapeutique du patient
Authors: Gazagne Aurélie , Enert-Barbero Nadège , Masselin-Dubois Anne , Dany Lionel
Published: March 2024

L’apparition d’une maladie chronique nécessite souvent des changements dans la vie du patient que ce soit pour prendre un traitement contraignant ou modifier un comportement. Pour accompagner le changement, les soignants peuvent s’appuyer sur des programmes d’ETP. Seulement il peut être difficile d’identifier les freins au changement des patients et encore plus complexe de mobiliser des outils pour les travailler lors de séances éducatives. En nous appuyant sur notre pratique, nous proposons des outils basés sur des théories issues de la psychologie sociale. Ils permettent le dépistage des freins et favorisent le dialogue avec un patient ou avec un groupe de patients qui pourront par la suite réfléchir sur des solutions à mobiliser dans leur quotidien.
Bronchiolite aiguë : Impact d’une vidéo éducationnelle sur les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des mères
Authors: Atitallah Sofien , Krifi Farah , Missaoui Nada , Ben Rabeh Rania , Yahyaoui Salem , Mazigh Sonia , Bouyahia Olfa , Boukthir Samir
Published: March 2024

La bronchiolite aiguë (BA) constitue un véritable problème de santé publique. Sa prise en charge est le plus souvent ambulatoire. L’utilisation des supports audio-visuels, comme la vidéo éducationnelle, constitue un nouvel outil dans l’éducation thérapeutique vis-à-vis des pathologies prises en charge en ambulatoire. L’objectif de notre étude était d’évaluer l’impact d’une vidéo éducationnelle sur les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des mères sur la BA. Il s’agissait d’une étude descriptive, analytique et transversale avec un recueil prospectif des données, incluant des mères de nourrissons hospitalisés pour BA. Nous avons évalué les connaissances, les attitudes et les pratiques des mères concernant la BA avant et après le visionnage d’une vidéo éducationnelle. Nous avons noté une amélioration statistiquement significative des scores des connaissances (7,46 en pré-test versus 14,08 en post-test ; p ≤ 0,05), des attitudes (12,42 en pré-test versus 18 en post-test ; p ≤ 0,05) et des pratiques des mères dans la BA (5,86 en pré-test versus 9,02 en post-test ; p ≤ 0,05). Notre étude a montré un impact positif de l’utilisation d’une vidéo éducationnelle sur les connaissances, les pratiques et les attitudes des mères vis-à-vis de la BA.
Novel Perspectives on Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists Applications
Authors: Stafylidis Christos , Vlachopoulou Dimitra , Syriopoulou Stavroula , Chatzidavid Sevastianos , Viniou Nora-Athina
Published: March 2024

Second-generation thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs), romiplostim, eltrombopag, and avatrombopag, have been proved to be significant stimulators of megakaryopoiesis and, in the last decade, they have been incorporated in the treatment options against refractory immune thrombocytopenia in children and adults that do not respond to conventional therapy. Additionally, given their beneficial impact on hematopoiesis, they have successfully been applied in cases of non-immune thrombocytopenia, such as aplastic anemia, HCV-related thrombocytopenia, chronic liver disease, and most recently acute radiation syndrome. During the past years, a wide variety of clinical studies have been performed, in regard to the use of TPO-RAs in various thrombocytopenic settings, such as malignant hematology and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, hereditary thrombocytopenias, and chemotherapy-treated patients with solid organ tumors. Although data indicate that TPO-RAs may be an effective and safe option for managing disease- or treatment-related thrombocytopenia in these patients, further research is needed to determine their efficacy and safety in these settings. Furthermore, recent studies have highlighted novel properties of TPO-RAs that render them as potential treatment candidates for reducing tumor burden or fighting infections. Herein, we discuss the potential novel applications of TPO-RAs and focus on data regarding their efficacy and safety in these contexts.
Infektiologie – eine neue Facharztdisziplin in Deutschland
Authors: Vehreschild Maria J.G.T. , Fätkenheuer Gerd , Sander Leif Erik , Lübbert Christoph , Rieg Siegbert , Ertl Georg , Salzberger Bernd
Published: March 2024

Die Medizin in Deutschland steht derzeit vor großen strukturellen und wirtschaftlichen Herausforderungen. Die Infektiologie mit der kürzlich eingeführten Facharztkompetenz in der Inneren Medizin und der für fast alle Facharztgebiete möglichen Zusatzweiterbildung wird einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Bewältigung der Aufgaben leisten. Das fachliche Spektrum der Infektiologie ist sehr breit und grundsätzlich interdisziplinär, was ihren hohen Reiz und hohen Anspruch ausmacht. Die komplexen Inhalte des Faches müssen in kurzer Zeit einer möglichst großen Zahl von Ärztinnen und Ärzten als Facharztkompetenz oder als Zusatzweiterbildung Infektiologie vermittelt werden. Bis dies erreicht ist, werden für eine längere Zeit Übergangslösungen erforderlich sein. Von größter Bedeutung für die weitere Entwicklung des Faches ist die Anpassung der derzeitigen Abrechnungs- und Erlössystematik für infektiologische Leistungen in allen betroffenen Fächern sowie eine verbesserte intersektorale Zusammenarbeit.
Characterization of Diclofenac-induced Renal Damage in Normotensive
and Hypertensive Rats: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Boeing Thaise , Lima Alana Bittencourt F. , Busana Maria Eduarda , Mariano Luísa Nathália Bolda , da Silva Luisa Mota , Silva Rita de Cássia Vilhena da , de Souza Priscila
Published: March 2024

Background Diclofenac is the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
mostly prescribed worldwide, but it is highly associated with hypertension and
acute kidney injury. Despite that, little information is available about the
renal effects of diclofenac in hypertensive individuals, which led us to carry
out this comparative study between the renal effects of this NSAID in
normotensive (NTR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Methods Male Wistar NTR and SHR were orally treated with vehicle (V:
10 mL/kg) or diclofenac sodium (D: 100 mg/kg) once a day for 3 days. Urine
volume, electrolytes excretion (Na+, K+, Cl-,
and Ca2+), urea, creatinine, pH, and osmolarity were evaluated.
Furthermore, blood samples and renal tissue were collected to perform
biochemical and histological analysis.

Results Diclofenac increased the renal corpuscle and bowman’s space in the
SHR, while no microscopic changes were observed in the renal tissue of NTR.
Regarding the urinary parameters, diclofenac reduced urine volume, pH,
osmolarity, and all electrolytes excretion, followed by decreased urea and
creatinine levels in both lineages. Moreover, it also induced hyponatremia,
hypokalemia, and hypocalcemia in SHR, while reduced
glutathione-S-transferase activity, lipid hydroperoxides, and nitrite
levels in renal tissue.

Conclusions The data presented herein demonstrated that diclofenac induces
renal damage and impaired renal function in both NTR and SHR, but those effects
are exacerbated in SHR, as seen by the histological changes and electrolytes
balance disturbance, therefore, reinforcing that diclofenac may increase the
risks of cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients.
Medizinische Fachgesellschaften fordern ein Verbot von Aromen in E-Zigaretten
Authors: Rupp Alexander , Sommer Natascha , Andreas Stefan , Pankow Wulf , Hanewinkel Reiner , Wienbergen Harm , Batra Anil , Sauerbruch Tilman , Kardos Peter , Ulbricht Sabina , Brinkmann Folke , Scheubel Robert , Vogelmeier Claus , Windisch Wolfram ,   in Zusammenarbeit mit medizinischen Fachgesellschaften und Organisationen: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin e. V. (DGIM),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie – Herz- und Kreislaufforschung e. V. (DGK),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hämatologie und Onkologie e. V. (DGHO),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Angiologie – Gesellschaft für Gefäßmedizin e. V. (DGA),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde e. V. (DGPPN),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie e. V. (DGT),   Gesellschaft für pädiatrische Pneumologie e. V. (GPP),   Bundesverband der Pneumologen, Schlaf- und Beatmungsmediziner e. V. (BdP),   Deutsche Atemwegsliga e. V.,   Deutsche Lungenstiftung e. V.,   Aktionsbündnis Nichtrauchen e. V. (ABNR)
Published: March 2024

E-Zigaretten werden v. a. von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen konsumiert. Aromen in E-Zigaretten erhöhen deren Attraktivität und fördern den Einstieg von Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen in den Konsum. Dadurch werden insbesondere junge Menschen dem Risiko einer Nikotinabhängigkeit und vielfältigen toxischen Substanzen aus dem Aerosol der E-Zigaretten ausgesetzt. Es gibt Hinweise, dass verschiedene Aromen in E-Zigaretten gesundheitsschädlich sind, wobei für die Mehrheit der Aromen bislang toxikologische Untersuchungen noch fehlen. Hier besteht ein Bedarf für unabhängige wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen. Die beteiligten wissenschaftlichen Fachgesellschaften fordern ein Verbot von Aromen in E-Zigaretten, ein Verbot von Einweg-E-Zigaretten, eine wirksame Regulierung des Verkaufs von E-Zigaretten und eine wirksame Kontrolle und Umsetzung der Bestimmungen des Jugendschutzes.
Posttonsillectomy Pain Relief and Wound Healing by Applying Bismuth Iodoform Paraffin Paste (BIPP) to Dissected Tonsillar Beds
Authors: Idris Rahimah , Ramli Ramiza Ramza , Yaacob Wan NorSyafiqah W , Hassan Shahid
Published: March 2024

Introduction Tonsillectomy is one of the most common operations performed by otorhinolaryngology surgeons worldwide; however, the insufficient quality of the postoperative pain management and effective posttonsillectomy pain relief remain a clinical dilemma.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of applying bismuth iodine paraffin paste (BIPP) to the dissected fossa as an adjuvant therapy for a better outcome in terms of posttonsillectomy pain management and due to its wound healing properties.

Methods The present is a prospective randomized control pilot study with 44 patients aged > 7 years who underwent tonsillectomy. The patients were divided into two groups: the control group and the group that had BIPP applied to the dissected tonsillar fossa. The visual analogue scale score and the post-onsillectomy percentage of tonsillar fossa epithelization were recorded and evaluated.

Results Both subjectively and objectively, there a was statistically significant pain-relieving effect in the BIPP group within the first 5 postoperative days (p < 0.05). From postoperative day 3 onward, the dissected area of the tonsillar fossa healed significantly faster in the BIPP group compared with the control group, and it became stable on day 14.

Conclusion The topical application of BIPP showed a better pain-relieving effect, it was safe, and hastened wound healing after tonsillectomy.
Be Alert to ALERD: Acute Leukoencephalopathy with Restricted Diffusion—Atypical Presentation of a Rare Case
Authors: Baby Neena , Ajith Sachin , Mohammed Lovena , Thomas Robin , Divakar Anil Kumar , Prabhu Poornima , Radhakrishnan Sureshkumar
Published: March 2024

Acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion (ALERD) is a novel entity observed in children with acute encephalopathy. It is characterized by diffusion restriction on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which can be the distinctive and sometimes the only imaging finding. Other routine MRI sequences may appear normal. ALERD can have infectious or noninfectious causes. In this case, we present a patient with infectious ALERD associated with influenza B virus. A 10-year-old boy presented to the emergency room with a brief history of fever and cough, followed by altered sensorium. He was irritable and ataxic. Neck stiffness was elicited upon examination. An MRI of the brain showed extensive symmetric diffusion restriction in the periventricular and deep white matter, corpus callosum, posterior limb of the internal capsule, and cerebral peduncles of both cerebral hemispheres. Cerebrospinal fluid study, blood and urine toxicology panels were noncontributory. The respiratory panel test was positive for influenza B. A diagnosis of infectious ALERD was made. Following treatment with steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, antiglutamate agents, and supportive measures, he showed clinical and radiological improvement. The reporting of ALERD has risen in recent years due to its increased detection using MRI. Diffusion-weighted image plays the key role in the final diagnosis. Supportive care and prompt treatment of seizures are very important for better outcome. Follow-up imaging is also required to assess reappearance of white matter edema and development of cerebral atrophy or gliosis.
Comparison of SpO2- with PaO2-Based Indices of Oxygenation in Children with Respiratory Failure
Authors: Singla Shekhar , Bhargava Siddharth , Pooni Puneet A. , Bhat Deepak , Dhooria Gurdeep S. , Arora Kamaldeep , Kakkar Shruti , Gill Karambir , Goraya Jatinder S.
Published: March 2024

Given the widespread availability of pulse oximetry and its potential to replace partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2)-based indices of oxygenation, we aimed to study the correlation between pulse oximetry-based oxygen saturation (SpO2)- and PaO2-based indices of oxygenation namely, SpO2/FiO2 (SF) ratio with PaO2/FiO2 (PF) ratio and oxygen saturation index (OSI) with oxygenation index (OI) under varying physiological conditions, along with accuracy measures for SpO2-based indices. Inclusion criteria included children (1 month to 18 years) admitted to pediatric intensive care unit needing invasive ventilation for hypoxemic respiratory failure with SpO2 ≥ 80% and having an indwelling arterial catheter. A total of 1,237 sets of simultaneous PaO2, SpO2 readings, and ventilator parameters were recorded. There was a moderate correlation between SF and PF ratios (r
s = 0.68, p < 0.001) and strong correlation between OSI and OI (r
s = 0.89, p < 0.001). We obtained SF ratios of 271, 235, and 200 corresponding to PF ratios of 300, 200, and 100, respectively. SF ratio showed a good discrimination ability to identify moderate (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] = 0.901) and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS; AUROC = 0.889) and fair discrimination ability for mild ARDS (AUROC = 0.770). OSI of 4.1, 6.4, and 11.1 corresponded to OI of 4, 8, and 16, respectively. OSI demonstrated an excellent discrimination ability for diagnosing mild (AUROC = 0.928), moderate (AUROC = 0.961), and severe ARDS (AUROC = 0.965). The correlation between SF/PF ratio and OSI/OI was the strongest in the lowest SpO2 range studied. SpO2-based indices of oxygenation could replace PaO2-based indices with reasonable accuracy for patients with SpO2 values ≥ 80%.
Combined Intramedullary Pinning for the Stabilisation of Distal Diaphyseal and Metaphyseal Femoral Fractures in Five Skeletally Immature Dogs
Authors: Baskette Madison , Verpaalen Valentine D. , Hinson Whitney D.
Published: March 2024

The aim of this retrospective case series was to evaluate outcomes of distal normograde intramedullary pinning combined with dynamic intramedullary pinning for the stabilisation of distal diaphyseal and metaphyseal femoral fractures in five juvenile dogs. Medical records and radiographs were reviewed to evaluate signalment, interval from injury to surgery, fracture classification, concurrent injuries, apparatus, fracture healing and any complications. Final follow-up at skeletal maturity consisted of orthopaedic examination and orthogonal radiographs of bilateral femurs. Radiographs were evaluated for osteoarthritis, femoral length and alignment. Three of four dogs that returned for short-term follow-up healed without complication at 4 weeks postoperatively. One dog experienced pin migration and delayed union, requiring pin removal. All four dogs that returned for final follow-up demonstrated excellent limb function based on owner assessment and orthopaedic examination. Radiographic evaluation revealed mild stifle osteoarthritis in two dogs. All dogs demonstrated continued growth of the affected femur with mild discrepancies in length compared with the contralateral femur at skeletal maturity. Two dogs developed subclinical femoral neck retroversion relative to the normal contralateral limb. Combined intramedullary pinning may be an appropriate treatment option for select distal femoral fractures in skeletally immature dogs; however, more rigid fixation methods should be considered when possible, to effectively counter rotational forces during fracture healing.
Exploring mechanoregulation in cells through cytoskeletal regulatory proteins
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: March 2024

Calponin and transgelin are serving as model systems to help researchers understand cellular sensing of mechanical force.
Lotus-inspired design to neutralize the coffee-ring effect
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: March 2024

Microwells with gradually slopped walls enabled uniform particle deposition and distribution.
Recent progresses on Janus electrocatalysts for water electrolysis: A critical review
Authors: Roy Sayak , Qamar Ummiya , Sasikala Devi Assa Aravindh , Das Santanu
Published: March 2024

Newly emerged Janus materials showed the vast potential for catalysis and photocatalysis owing to their multifunctional properties, attracting attention as next-generation functional materials. This Review focuses on various synthesis processes for developing a novel class of Janus materials for applications in electrocatalysis and photo-electrocatalysis via water electrolysis. Starting with summarizing the different designs and preparation of Janus particles, this Review analyzed the compositions and categories of Janus materials. Furthermore, this Review discusses various synthesis processes of Janus materials, followed by classifications of different synthesis routes for Janus materials with a detailed review of the respective process parameters, multifunctional properties, and present status of their development. This Review also summarizes the comprehensive properties of the Janus material, subjected to their applications toward catalytic hydrogen evolution reactions, oxygen evolution reactions, and photo-electrocatalysis. Finally, a thorough summary is presented on the synthesis and applications of Janus particle, while the respective challenges and outlooks are also discussed.
Revealing the impact of ammonium ions from different low-dimensional perovskite structures on the film formation and degradation mechanism of FAPbI3 via sequential deposition
Authors: Wang Yafei , Yuan Shihao , Feng Rongsen , Diao Zecheng , Huang Jie , Liao Jiacai , Sidhik Siraj , Shuai Xinting , Wang Meicong , Zou Tao , Liang Zhongwei , Zhang Ting , Mohite Aditya D. , Li Shibin
Published: March 2024

In recent years, the organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite community has been widely employed as the photo-active layer in optical-electronic devices. The black α-phase formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) is the most popular perovskite for realizing high-efficiency solar cells due to its suitable bandgap. However, the issue of stability is also a concern in the research on FAPbI3 solar cells. In this study, different ammonium ions, such as butylamine (BA), guanidine (GA), and butylene diamine (BDA), which are commonly used to construct two-dimensional perovskites, including Ruddlesden–Popper, Dion–Jacobson, and alternating cations in the interlayer space, respectively, were introduced in the fabrication of FAPbI3 using a sequential deposition method. Several structures of PbI2 precursor films were formed by introducing the aforementioned ions, which exhibited different arrangements and connection modes in lead iodides. BA-PbI2 precursor films exhibited higher specific surface areas, which were beneficial to the diffusion, ion exchange, and sequential reaction of FA+. The BDA-PbI2 precursor film slowed down the sequential reaction of FAPbI3 because of reduced van der Waals bonds. The nucleation dynamics and degradation processes of perovskites were deeply investigated in this study. Solar cells based on BA-PbI2, GA-PbI2, and BDA-PbI2 were also fabricated.
Dynamic behavior of enzyme kinetics cooperative chemical reactions
Authors: Jan Akhtar , Shah Rehan Ali , Ahmad Hijaz , Bilal Hazrat , Almohsen Bandar
Published: March 2024

This article uses computational mathematics to investigate the dynamics of cooperative occurrences in chemical reactions inside living organisms. We study the dynamics of complex systems using mathematical models based on ordinary differential equations, paying special attention to chemical equilibrium and reaction speed. Explanations of cooperation, non-cooperation, and positive cooperation are presented in our study. We analyze the stabilities of equilibrium points by a systematic analysis that makes use of the Jacobian matrix and the threshold parameter R0. We next extend our investigation to evaluate global stability and the probability of the model. Variations in k3 have a notable effect on substrate concentration probabilities, indicating that it plays an important role in reaction kinetics. Reducing k3 highlights the substrate's critical contribution to the system by extending its presence in the concentration. We find that different results were obtained for cooperative behavior: higher reaction rates at different binding sites are correlated with positive cooperativity, while slower reactions are induced by negative cooperativity. The Adams–Bashforth method is used to show numerical and graphical solutions with the help of MATLAB. Tables and graphs are used to further explain the effects of the parameters. This study underlines how well ordinary differential equations may represent the complicated system dynamics found in chemical reactions. It also provides elusive insights into cooperative occurrences, which develops our understanding of the phenomenon and serves as a foundation for future research.
Effect of ultrasound treatment on the performance and segregation of Al–Cu alloy with different Cd contents
Authors: Li Wenkai , Xu Chunguang , Zhang Wenjun , Liu Shiyuan , Yin Peng
Published: March 2024

By applying ultrasonic treatment to ZL205A aluminum alloy melt containing different Cd contents and then using a tensile test, a scanning electron microscope experiment, and a metallographic experiment, the influence of ultrasonic treatment to ZL205A aluminum alloy melt on the properties of aluminum–copper alloy with different Cd contents in the liquid phase high-temperature region was studied. The effect of ultrasonic treatment on the solidification structure of ZL205A aluminum alloy was investigated. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the form of Cd and the solid solution rate of the aluminum alloy with different Cd contents in ultrasonic-assisted casting. However, the effect of ultrasonic waves on the high-temperature liquid phase of the melt of ZL205A aluminum alloy can effectively reduce the porosity defects in the solidification structure of the casting, refine the solidification structure, and make the structure more uniform. The ultrasonic cavitation effect can promote the formation and uniform distribution of Al–3Ti and improve the nucleation rate, and the effect can continue after heat treatment. This can solve the problem that increasing Cd content in ZL205A greatly reduces the toughness of castings while increasing the strength. The sample with a Cd content of 0.20% and with ultrasonic treatment has the highest strength, the average tensile strength is 475.5 MPa, and the yield strength is 381.75 MPa. However, compared with the conventional casting samples with the same Cd content, the decrease in elongation was significantly reduced.
Static and free vibration responses of nanobeams considering flexoelectricity and surface effect
Authors: Liu Zhuorui , Zhou Zhidong
Published: March 2024

In this paper, the electro-mechanical behavior of a flexoelectric nanobeam, considering the surface effect, is studied with an induced electric potential. Based on the modified strain gradient theory and Hamilton’s variational principle, the governing differential equations of the nanobeam and the corresponding boundary conditions are obtained. The exact deflection solution of the flexoelectric nanobeam is derived from static bending. The relationship between the induced electric potential, including the surface effect, and the angle of the end of the cantilever beam is presented. Moreover, the characteristic equation of natural frequency is obtained by using a separate variable method under an open circuit with surface electrodes and an induced electric potential condition (OCI). The simulated results indicate the electro-mechanical response of the cantilever beam can be controlled by adjusting the flexoelectric coefficient, residual surface stress, and material length scale parameters of strain gradient theory. The free end of the beam with a platform phenomenon is also found by setting the appropriate parameters. The results also show that the residual surface stress and the ratio of beam thickness to material length scale parameters have a more significant effect on the effective frequency shift of the flexoelectric nanobeam. Therefore, considering the induced electric potential and surface effect is of great significance for the study of flexoelectric nanobeam sensors.
Construction of an acellular spinal cord scaffold with a novel NT-3 sustained-release system promotes the neural differentiation of BMSCs through the NT-3/TrkC pathway
Authors: Jiang Tao , Yin Hong , Yu Miao , Wang Han , Xing Hui
Published: March 2024

In previous neural tissue engineering studies, we successfully constructed NT-3 cross-linked acellular spinal cord scaffolds (NT-3 cross-linked scaffolds), which can sustain the release of NT-3 and promote the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into neuron-like cells. However, the molecular mechanism by which NT-3 cross-linked scaffolds promote BMSC differentiation into neurons is unknown, coupled with the low drug loading of scaffolds and the sudden release of NT-3 on the first day. We used WB and PCR in combination with NT-3/TrkC, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors to determine the mechanism of action in vitro. We hypothesized that NT-3 mediates the NT-3/TrkC pathway as a major target molecule that promotes the differentiation of BMSCs into neurons. We prepared an improved NT-3 scaffold and improve the sustained release of NT-3 through the combination of heparin methacryloyl and EDC/NHS. The adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and NT-3/TrkC signaling pathway of BMSCs on different scaffolds were analyzed. We concluded that NT-3-improved scaffolds can be loaded with more NT-3 and more effectively promote the differentiation of BMSCs into neurons through the NT-3/TrkC pathway. The proposed method has biocompatibility and provides a new idea for spinal cord repair.
Tuning the luminescence color of Eu3+- and alkali-ion-codoped Sr2CaWO6 orange-red phosphors: Eu3+ site distribution and site-selective photoluminescence studies
Authors: Otsuka Takahito , Oka Ryohei , Cicconi Maria Rita , de Ligny Dominique , Hayakawa Tomokatsu
Published: March 2024

In this study, Eu3+- and alkali-ion (M+)-codoped Sr2CaWO6:x (Eu3+, M+) (x = 0.01–0.10) were synthesized via a solid-state reaction. The effects of different Sr/Ca ratios, types of monovalent metal ions (M+ = Na+, K+, and Li+), and doping concentrations were systematically investigated. The crystalline phase, photoluminescence (PL) properties, lattice site occupied by the Eu3+ ion, Eu3+ site distribution, and site-selective PL properties were evaluated by x-ray diffraction, PL/photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectroscopy with a monochromatic light source, PL quantum efficiency (QE) measurements, and high-resolution PL/PLE spectroscopy with a wavelength-tunable laser. A dependence of the PL asymmetry ratio for the 5D0–7F1,2 transitions on the Sr/Ca ratio was identified and quantified for the first time. Based on the site-selective PL measurements, this behavior was ascribed to the enhancement of Eu3+ local distortion by Sr2+ substitution at the A site at lower Sr/Ca ratios (<2) and to the high symmetry of the ligand structure of EuO6 octahedra owing to Ca2+ substitution at the B site at higher Sr/Ca ratios (>2). The PLE results provided insight into the Eu3+ site distribution, which explained the orange-red PL and PL QEs of the synthesized phosphors.
Morc1 reestablishes H3K9me3 heterochromatin on piRNA-targeted transposons in gonocytes
Authors: Uneme Yuta , Maeda Ryu , Nakayama Gen , Narita Haruka , Takeda Naoki , Hiramatsu Ryuji , Nishihara Hidenori , Nakato Ryuichiro , Kanai Yoshiakira , Araki Kimi , Siomi Mikiko C. , Yamanaka Soichiro
Published: March 2024

To maintain fertility, male mice re-repress transposable elements (TEs) that were de-silenced in the early gonocytes before their differentiation into spermatogonia. However, the mechanism of TE silencing re-establishment remains unknown. Here, we found that the DNA-binding protein Morc1, in cooperation with the methyltransferase SetDB1, deposits the repressive histone mark H3K9me3 on a large fraction of activated TEs, leading to heterochromatin. Morc1 also triggers DNA methylation, but TEs targeted by Morc1-driven DNA methylation only slightly overlapped with those repressed by Morc1/SetDB1-dependent heterochromatin formation, suggesting that Morc1 silences TEs in two different manners. In contrast, TEs regulated by Morc1 and Miwi2, the nuclear PIWI-family protein, almost overlapped. Miwi2 binds to PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that base-pair with TE mRNAs via sequence complementarity, while Morc1 DNA binding is not sequence specific, suggesting that Miwi2 selects its targets, and then, Morc1 acts to repress them with cofactors. A high-ordered mechanism of TE repression in gonocytes has been identified.
A framework for language specialist and content teacher collaboration in Turkish EMI university
settings
Authors: Akıncıoğlu Mustafa
Published: March 2024

Although the efficacy levels of interdisciplinary teacher collaboration attained at pre-university level are well
documented, research in higher education contexts is still scarce. Macaro et al. (2016)
earlier reported on a quasi-experimental intervention project conducted in Türkiye with an objective to promote collaboration
between nine pairs of English language specialists and content teachers from four universities, and the analyses of the pre- and
post-intervention interviews suggested that this sort of collaboration can be highly beneficial. This paper, however, puts the
research tool, the Collaborative Planning Tool (CPT), into perspective by describing a learning-centred approach to research
design as a way to better understand interdisciplinary teacher collaboration. By re-examining the extant research data
(audio-recorded discussions of 72 collaborative planning sessions), this paper presents new findings (clustered under three
emerging themes: use of the CPT; interplay between language and content; and the role of feedback in lesson planning), suggesting
that the CPT can provide an effective framework for interdisciplinary teacher collaboration in EMI university settings. A
discussion of the concept of quality in EMI is also presented.