bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Validity of Normalizing Aflatoxin B1-Lysine Albumin Adduct Biomarker Measurements to Total Serum Albumin Concentration across Multiple Human Population Studies
Authors: Smith Joshua W. , Ng Derek K. , Alvarez Christian S. , Egner Patricia A. , Burke Sean M. , Chen Jian-Guo , Kensler Thomas W. , Koshiol Jill , Rivera-Andrade Alvaro , Kroker-Lobos María F. , Ramírez-Zea Manuel , McGlynn Katherine A. , Groopman John D.
Published: February 2022

The assessment of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) of AFB1-lysine adducts in human serum albumin (HSA) has proven to be a highly productive strategy for the biomonitoring of AFB1 exposure. To compare samples across different individuals and settings, the conventional practice has involved the normalization of raw AFB1-lysine adduct concentrations (e.g., pg/mL serum or plasma) to the total circulating HSA concentration (e.g., pg/mg HSA). It is hypothesized that this practice corrects for technical error, between-person variance in HSA synthesis or AFB1 metabolism, and other factors. However, the validity of this hypothesis has been largely unexamined by empirical analysis. The objective of this work was to test the concept that HSA normalization of AFB1-lysine adduct concentrations effectively adjusts for biological and technical variance and improves AFB1 internal dose estimates. Using data from AFB1-lysine and HSA measurements in 763 subjects, in combination with regression and Monte Carlo simulation techniques, we found that HSA accounts for essentially none of the between-person variance in HSA-normalized (R2 = 0.04) or raw AFB1-lysine measurements (R2 = 0.0001), and that HSA normalization of AFB1-lysine levels with empirical HSA values does not reduce measurement error any better than does the use of simulated data (n = 20,000). These findings were robust across diverse populations (Guatemala, China, Chile), AFB1 exposures (105 range), HSA assays (dye-binding and immunoassay), and disease states (healthy, gallstones, and gallbladder cancer). HSA normalization results in arithmetic transformation with the addition of technical error from the measurement of HSA. Combined with the added analysis time, cost, and sample consumption, these results suggest that it may be prudent to abandon the practice of normalizing adducts to HSA concentration when measuring any HSA adducts—not only AFB1-lys adducts—when using LCMS in serum/plasma.
Exploring Factors That Influence Injured Patients’ Outcomes following Road Traffic Crashes: A Multi-Site Feasibility Study
Authors: Alharbi Rayan Jafnan , Lewis Virginia , Othman Omar , Miller Charne
Published: February 2022

Background: Injuries arising from Road Traffic Crashes (RTCs) are a major health problem in Saudi Arabia (SA). The purpose of the study was to determine the feasibility of conducting a multi-center research study to explore factors that influence the mortality of RTC-related trauma patients in SA. Methods: A multi-center observational study was undertaken involving both prospective and retrospective data collected from three hospitals. In-hospital patient mortality thirty days post-crash was the primary outcome variable. The feasibility of the study methods including the quality of data were evaluated and pilot results pertaining to factors predicting mortality were examined. Results: The overall mortality rate (n = 572 RTC victims) was (7.5%). A logistic regression model identified four independent predictors of mortality following an RTC: treatment at a non-trauma center-based hospital, SBP ≤ 90 mmHg, GCS ≤ 8, and ISS ≥ 20. With respect to the assessment of the study method’s feasibility, missing data was problematic, especially for variables pertaining to crash characteristics and prehospital care. Conclusions: Collecting multi-center injury data in SA has logistic challenges, predominantly associated with the comparability and completeness of data sets as well as the need for manual screening and data collection at some institutions. Despite these limitations, this study has demonstrated the feasibility of a method that could be utilized in further large nationwide studies to understand and examine the factors that influence injured patients’ outcomes following RTCs.
Social Resilience Promotion Factors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights from Urmia, Iran
Authors: Alizadeh Hadi , Sharifi Ayyoob
Published: February 2022

Social resilience is an essential need for societies faced with adverse events such as pandemics. The recent COVID-19 outbreak has affected many communities around the globe. In fact, in addition to unprecedented mortality and infection rates, it has also caused major anxieties and social problems. Iran has been one of the hardest-hit countries and is among those that have experienced multiple waves of the outbreak. In this study, we try to identify major factors that can contribute to urban social resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic in Urmia, a major city located in Northwestern Iran. Data for the study were collected via a field visit and a semi-structured interview survey involving 194 participants. Findings show that several factors related to the following three themes play a significant role in promoting social resilience: (1) participative and supportive governance, (2) resource accessibility, and (3) citizen participation and lawfulness. Results can inform local authorities in Urmia and other contexts to deal with COVID-19 and similar pandemics.
Immune Escape Mechanism and Vaccine Research Progress of African Swine Fever Virus
Authors: Wang Zhaoyang , Ai Qiangyun , Huang Shenglin , Ou Yating , Gao Yinze , Tong Tiezhu , Fan Huiying
Published: February 2022

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of the epidemic of African swine fever (ASF), with virulent strains having a mortality rate of up to 100% and presenting devastating impacts on animal farming. Since ASF was first reported in China in 2018, ASFV still exists and poses a potential threat to the current pig industry. Low-virulence and genotype I strains of ASFV have been reported in China, and the prevention and control of ASF is more complicated. Insufficient understanding of the interaction of ASFV with the host immune system hinders vaccine development. Physical barriers, nonspecific immune response and acquired immunity are the three barriers of the host against infection. To escape the innate immune response, ASFV invades monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells, thereby inhibiting IFN expression, regulating cytokine expression and the body’s inflammatory response process. Meanwhile, in order to evade the adaptive immune response, ASFV inhibits antigen presentation, induces the production of non-neutralizing antibodies, and inhibits apoptosis. Recently, significant advances have been achieved in vaccine development around the world. Live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) based on artificially deleting specific virulence genes can achieve 100% homologous protection and partial heterologous protection. The key of subunit vaccines is identifying the combination of antigens that can effectively provide protection and selecting carriers that can effectively deliver the antigens. In this review, we introduce the epidemic trend of ASF and the impact on the pig industry, analyze the interaction mechanism between ASFV and the body’s immune system, and compare the current status of potential vaccines in order to provide a reference for the development of effective ASF vaccines.
Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli through Pfs Affects the Tran-Scription of Membrane Proteins to Resist β-Lactam Antibiotics
Authors: Hu Jiangang , Che Chuanyan , Jiang Wei , Chen Zhaoguo , Tu Jian , Han Xiangan , Qi Kezong
Published: February 2022

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a causative agent of colibacillosis, one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality in poultry worldwide. Nowadays, antibiotics are mainly used to prevent and control poultry colibacillosis, but the situation of drug resistance is serious. 5′-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase (Pfs) is involved in methylation reactions, polyamine synthesis, vitamin synthesis, and quorum sensing (QS) pathways. In this study, compared with the APEC wild-type strain DE17, the pfs deletion strain DE17Δpfs was more susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics (amoxicillin, ceftazidime, cefuroxime) by drug sensitivity test and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the MIC of the DE17Δpfs was half that of the DE17. Quorum sensing signal molecule AI-2 is involved in antibiotic resistance. In the case of pfs inactivation, the DE17Δpfs cannot synthesize AI-2, so it is necessary to add AI-2 to study whether it affects APEC resistance. When the exogenous AI-2 was added, the MIC of all APEC did not change. Transcriptome sequencing indicated that the transcription levels of a lot of outer membrane protein genes and metabolic genes had changed due to the deletion of pfs. Moreover, the transcription levels of the efflux pump gene tolC and penicillin binding protein (fstI and mrcA) were significantly reduced (p < 0.05), while the transcription levels of the porin protein genes (ompF, ompC, and ompD) were significantly increased (p < 0.05). In addition, it was also found that the outer membrane permeability of the DE17Δpfs was significantly increased (p < 0.05). The results indicated that pfs does not affect APEC strain DE17 resistance to β-lactam antibiotics through AI-2, but pfs affects the sensitivity of APEC to β-lactam antibiotics by affecting antibiotic-related genes. This study can provide a reference for screening new drug targets.
Undergraduate medical teaching with remote consultations in general practice: a realist evaluation
Authors: Al-bedaery Roaa , Chaudhry Umar Ahmed Riaz , Jones Melvyn , Noble Lorraine , Ibison Judith
Published: February 2022

Background

Supervisors historically educated students in primary care in face-to-face contexts; as a result of COVID-19, students now experience patient consultations predominantly remotely. There is a paucity of evidence regarding the facilitators and barriers to supervising students for excellent educational impact in the remote consultation environment.

Aim

To understand the facilitators and barriers to educating medical students using remote consultations in primary care, and the consequences for students in terms of educational impact.

Design & setting

A realist evaluation methodology was adopted to identify causal chains of contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes, describing how the teaching and learning functioned on a sample of medical students and GP tutors from two medical schools in London, UK.

Method

An initial programme theory was developed from the literature and a scoping exercise informed the data collection tools. Qualitative data were collected through online questionnaires (49 students, 19 tutors) and/or a semi-structured interview (eight students, two tutors). The data were coded to generate context–mechanisms–outcome configurations outlining how the teaching and learning operated.

Results

The results demonstrated a sequential style of supervision can positively impact student engagement and confidence, and highlighted a need to address student preparation for remote patient examinations. Students found passive observation of remote patient encounters disengaging, and, in addition, reported isolation that impacted negatively on their experiences and perceptions of primary care.

Conclusion

Student and tutor experiences may improve through considering the supervision style adopted by tutors, and through interventions to reduce student isolation and disengagement when using remote patient consultations in primary care.
HUBUNGAN PEMBERIAN ASI DENGAN KEJADIAN IKTERUS BAYI HIPERBILIRUBINEMIA DI RSIA PURI BUNDA DENPASAR
Authors: Nyoman Sulendri , Triana Komang Yogi Triana , Risna Dewi Desak Putu , Sutresna Nyoman
Published: February 2022

Early exclusive breastfeeding has an important role in reducing the incidence of jaundice, where jaundice is a change in the skin or other organs due to a buildup of bilirubin levels in the blood and an increase in the level of bilirubin in the blood, which is called hyperbilirubinemia. This study aimed to determine the correlation between breastfeeding and the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia infant jaundice at RSIA Puri Bunda Denpasar. This study used a case-control method, comparing the case group with the control group and a retrospective approach. The number of samples was 86 patients' medical record files. The sampling was using purposive sampling through the observation sheet and data analysis using the Chi-Square test. This study showed that exclusive breastfeeding had less incidence of jaundice (16.7% in the case and control groups) while the incidence of jaundice was higher in breastfeeding and formula milk in both the case and control groups. The results of the chi-square statistical test obtained p-value = 0.023, meaning that there was a significant correlation between breastfeeding and the incidence of jaundice in hyperbilirubinemia infants. It is recommended that the hospital be able to educate and socialize early exclusive breastfeeding to patients.
Educación sexual, eugenesia y moral en el pensamiento de Paulina Luisi. La experiencia de la cátedra de Higiene Social (Uruguay, 1926-1930)
Authors: Sosa Cedrani Fernanda , Zemaitis Santiago
Published: February 2022

El objeto de este artículo es el abordaje de la concepción de educación sexual desarrollada por la primera médica uruguaya Paulina Luisi, una de las pioneras en el Río de la Plata en asumir la relevancia y pautar ciertos principios en torno a la enseñanza sexual. Para ello, nos interesa centrarnos en su cátedra de Higiene Social (1926-1930) destinada a estudiantes de las escuelas normales, experiencia curricular que se constituyó en uno de los primeros intentos por institucionalizar la educación sexual en la formación docente normalista. Indagaremos cómo la sexualidad y sus problemáticas se expresaron en el discurso pedagógico de Luisi recorriendo los fundamentos morales, pedagógicos y científicos que sustentaron su propuesta. El artículo, inscripto en el campo de la Historia de la Educación, particularmente en la Historia de la educación sexual, avanza con un análisis cualitativo de diversas fuentes como “Algunas ideas sobre Eugenia” (1916), Plan y métodos de Enseñanza Sexual (1919), “Para una mejor descendencia” (1919), Ensayo sobre Enseñanza biológico-eugenésica (1921, 1923), Una Cátedra de Higiene Social (1950). Bajo las lecturas de estos escritos, pretendemos visibilizar los fundamentos teóricos de las normas morales que Luisi ensayaba para definir la sexualidad y los medios más adecuados para la formación en dicha materia, en articulación con las ideas eugenésicas que tiñeron buena parte del pensamiento médico y social en los inicios del siglo XX. La educación sexual que proponía Luisi tuvo como objetivo el “control de los instintos” y la formación de una “inteligencia informada y responsable” para con la descendencia (responsabilidad genésica); una educación sexual articulada también con la prevención del contagio de las enfermedades venéreas y con la generación de descendencia sana que permitiera el mejoramiento de la raza. En su proyección, imaginó una educación sexual en todos los niveles de la enseñanza en la educación pública, proponiendo un papel relevante a las familias y a los docentes. Cuestionó las posturas que optaban por el silenciamiento de los temas vinculados a la sexualidad a niños y jóvenes y, como se hará notar en su experiencia de cátedra, su apuesta curricular y metodológica pretendió colocar en el debate pedagógico-político a la sexualidad y sus problemáticas, un ensayo pedagógico que enlazó ciencia, moral y eugenesia.
Estudo da interação solo-estrutura em um edifício residencial na cidade de Itaperuna/RJ a partir do respectivo projeto estrutural / Study of soil-structure interaction in a residential building in the city of Itaperuna/RJ based on the respective structural project
Authors: Damieri Rebeca Freitas , De Oliveira Luccas Coimbra , Costa Juliana de Souza , De Oliveira Muriel Batista , Tannus Vivianne Rosestolato Daruich P. , Miller Cristiano Pena
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo explora a interação do solo e estrutura em um edifício residencial de 12 pavimentos projetado na cidade de Itaperuna-RJ por meio de seu respectivo projeto estrutural. Para análise foram utilizados laudos de sondagens fornecidos por empresa especializada, afim de julgar a relação da estrutura projetada com os solos disponíveis. É essencial que se obtenha os laudos de sondagem para posterior seleção da fundação a ser projetada e executada. A investigação qualitativa detalhada teve por início na apuração dos laudos de sondagem em distintos terrenos situados no município de Itaperuna-RJ, e posteriormente foi definido o projeto estrutural. A exploração se desenvolveu por intermédio da inserção das informações contidas nos laudos de sondagem e da mesclagem da mesma com a projeção estrutural, através do software de projeção estrutural, que demonstrou as interações gráficas, que a fundação definida teve com cada solo. Informações daí aferidas impulsionaram a análise comparativa da fundação para os diferentes solos. O programa utilizado para as representações estruturais e gráficas foi o Eberick em função dos laudos apresentados e trabalhados em planilha específica. Pode-se entender o laudo da região proveniente da menor capacidade de carga para a estaca, como modelo para a projeção da fundação profunda (estaca raiz) no software e aplicando assim a mesma linha de raciocínio para o estudo comparativo das demais regiões aplicadas a mesma fundação profunda. A interação foi considerada satisfatória, atendendo a resistência que cada pilar exerce em razão de cada capacidade de carga da estaca.
The Association Between Abdominal Fat, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Clinical Markers of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: J Moncada-Jiménez , F Araya-Ramírez , J. K Taylor , P.W Grandjean
Published: February 2022

Our purpose was to determine the association between abdominal fat and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on markers of metabolic syndrome (MetS) total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), glucose, and blood pressure. We conducted a retrospective study on 165 adults (108 men) in which correlations between waist girth (WG), CRF and blood variables were determined. The cohort was partitioned by gender into quartiles and again by WG and differences in markers of MetS were compared across quartiles by ANOVA and by ANCOVA to determine the influence of CRF. Males in the lowest WG quartile exhibited greater HDL-C and lower diastolic blood pressure vs. the highest quartile (p < 0.05). TG were lower in the lowest vs. the third and highest quartile (p < 0.05), and glucose was greater in the highest vs. the first and second quartiles (p < 0.05). Females in the second WG quartile exhibited higher HDL-C vs. the highest quartile, and TG, glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were lower in the lowest vs. the highest quartile (p < 0.05). After adjusting for CRF, diastolic blood pressure across WG in males were no longer significant, and    HLD-C and TG quartile differences were no longer significant in females. We confirm WG as an important correlate of clinical markers of MetS in adults. CRF mitigates relationships between WG and clinical markers of cardio-metabolic risk in men and women.
Natural Life Habitats in Ainkurunuru
Authors: T Muthulakshmi , S Mallika
Published: February 2022

Creature & live richly nature is Sub Conscious in many ways on this earth for billions of Years all living things have lived in harmony with depend on nature in this connection human life and prosperity have come together the environment has arisen on earth over the past few years give the natural grievous of the problems with are due to activities of human’s irregularly. It is an undeniable fact that the environment is irreversibly polluted by human sources. The life of the Sangam people is divided into Kurinji, Mullai, Marutham, Neithal and Palai based on nature. Nature lays the foundation for the smooth life of the people and the emergence of superior cultures. Landscapes that can be seen with the naked eye cause changes in human perceptions. The way of life of the people of the Sangam period was centered on nature and was in harmony with nature. Sangam people considered nature to be a deity. He depended on nature for food, clothing and shelter. This article is about the Natural Life Habitats system of the Ainkurunuru.
Botulism or Stroke: Difficulties in Differential Diagnosis. Clinical Cases
Authors: Шостакович-Корецкая Л.Р. , Шевченко-Макаренко О.П. , Галущенко С.А. , Росицкая О.А. , Ляхова Е.Ю.
Published: February 2022

Заболеваемость ботулизмом остается актуальной проблемой в инфектологии. Дифференциальная диагностика ботулизма и неврологических нарушений, в частности инсульта у возрастных пациентов, является одним из злободневных вопросов, и связанная с этим последующая тактика лечебных мероприятий служит фактором прогноза выживаемости и смертности от этих нозологических форм у пациентов. Представлены клинические случаи таких заболеваний, как ботулизм и инсульт в Днепропетровской области Украины. Отмечены сложности иошибки диагностического алгоритма, оценки данных дополнительных исследований у пациентов при постановке диагнозов врачами первичного звена и специалистами вторичного итретичного уровней медицинской помощи. Проведен анализ уровня заболеваемости ботулизмом в регионе и в Украине за последние годы. Изучен алгоритм оказания медицинской помощи пациентам с ботулизмом. Приведенные клинические случаи помогут врачам-практикам (семейным врачам, неврологам, инфекционистам) в повседневной деятельности и позволят иметь настороженность в плане проведения дифференциальной диагностики пациентов с инсультом или ботулизмом, помогут в выборе правильной лечебной тактики и предотвращении неблагоприятного исхода и негативных отдаленных последствий заболевания. В период пандемии COVID-19 мы видим, что владение знаниями клинических проявлений многих инфекционных нозологических форм необходимо врачам любых специальностей для эффективного менеджмента пациентов.

The incidence of botulism remains an urgent problem in infectious diseases. Differential diagnosis of botulism and neurological disorders, in particular, stroke in elderly patients, is one of the burning issues and the associated subsequent tactics of therapeutic measures serves as a predictor of survival and mortality from these nosological forms in patients. Clinical cases of diseases such as botulism and stroke in the Dnipropetrovsk region in Ukraine are presented. The difficulties and errors of the diagnostic algorithm, the assessment of additional research data in patients when making diagnoses by primary care physicians and specialists of the secondary and tertiary levels of medical care are noted. The analysis of the incidence rate of botulism in the region and in Ukraine in recent years has been carried out. The algorithm for providing medical care to patients with botulism has been studied. These clinical cases will help practitioners (family doctors, neurologists, infectious disease specialists) in their daily activities and will allow them to be alert in terms of differential diagnosis of patients with stroke or botulism, to choose the correct treatment tactics and prevent an unfavorable outcome and negative long-term consequences of the disease. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we see that knowledge of the clinical manifestations of many infectious nosological forms is necessary for doctors of all specialties for effective patient management.
Hormonal Contraception: to Prohibit or Not when Venous Thromboembolic Complications Occur (Literary Review)
Authors: Зуховицкая Е.В. , Кажина М.В. , Курстак И.А.
Published: February 2022

Гормональная контрацепция (ГК) является ведущим надежным методом контроля за рождаемостью во всем мире. Несмотря на длительный опыт клинических и лабораторных наблюдений, актуальным остается вопрос индуцированных осложнений и побочных эффектов ГК. Наименее предсказуемым событием является риск и реализация венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений (ВТЭО), что может привести к серьезным осложнениям здоровья, потребовать оперативного лечения или даже привести к летальному исходу. В статье приведен обзорнаиболее авторитетных научных источников, касающихся возможности применения ГК у пациентов с риском ВТЭО.

Hormonal contraception (HC) is the leading evident birth control method in the world. Despite the great experience of clinical and laboratory observations, the induced complications and side effects of HC are the point of actual scientific research. The least predictable event is the risk and realization of venous thrombotic complications (VTC), which can provoke health disturbances, lead to surgical procedures and even cause death. The article represents an overview of the most authoritative scientific sources concerning possibilities of HC usage in patients with the risk of VTC.
Recurrent Corneal Erosion. What it is? Symptoms and Treatment
Authors: Бездетко П.А.
Published: February 2022

Рецидивирующая эрозия роговицы (РЭР) часто встречается в офтальмологической практике. Учитывая полиэтиологичность заболевания, эта патология может возникнуть даже после незначительных травм роговой оболочки, микрохирургических вмешательств, дистрофии роговой оболочки, воспалительных заболеваний роговицы. Чаще всего РЭР проявляется в относительно спокойной форме. Но активная форма ставит перед офтальмологом диагностическую и терапевтическую дилемму. Опробованы различные методы лечения, чтобы облегчить симптомы, а также предотвратить дальнейшие рецидивы. В 60% случаев с РЭР можно справиться медикаментозными методами, в основе которых лежит длительное применение лубрикантов и лекарственных препаратов, действие которых направлено на купирование болевого синдрома, уменьшение отека эпителия роговой оболочки. Но в резистентных к лечению случаях приходится прибегать к хирургическим методам. На сегодняшний день операциями выбора являются пункция передней стромы роговицы и различные методы деэпителизации (санации) роговицы с последующей репарационной фармакотерапией.

Recurrent corneal erosion (RER) is common in ophthalmic practice. Given the polyetiology of the disease, this pathology can be expected even with minor corneal injuries, microsurgery, corneal dystrophy, after inflammatory diseases of the cornea. Most often, the disease manifests itself in a relatively calm form. But the active form poses a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma for the ophthalmologist. Various treatments have been tried to relieve symptoms as well as prevent further relapses. In 60% of cases, RER can be combated with the help of medications, which are based on long-term use of lubricants and drugs, the action of which is aimed at relieving pain, reducing corneal epithelium edema. But in cases that are difficult to treat, it is necessary to resort to surgical methods. Today, operations of choice are puncture of the anterior corneal stroma and various methods of de-epithelialization (sanitation) of the cornea, followed by reparative pharmacotherapia.
Innovative Technologies in Preventive Migraine Therapy
Authors: Благочинная К.В. , Борисов А.В.
Published: February 2022

Мигрень – наиболее тяжелый вид цефалгии с выраженной социальной и профессиональной дезадаптацией. До недавнего времени превентивная терапия мигрени проводилась только неспецифическими препаратами различных фармакологических групп (бета-блокаторами, блокаторами кальциевых каналов, антиконвульсантами, антидепрессантами), которые эмпирически доказали свою эффективность, однако их длительный прием был сопряжен с возникновением большого количества побочных эффектов. Обширные фундаментальные и клинические научные исследования предоставили убедительные доказательства того, что кальцитонин ген-родственный пептид (caltitonin gene-related peptide, CGRP) играет ключевую роль в патогенезе мигрени. Эти данные послужили основанием для разработки моноклональных антител, направленных на CGRP или на его рецептор. Клинические испытания этих препаратов показали их эффективность, сопряженную с хорошей переносимостью и безопасностью. Полученные результаты позволяют предположить, что вышеуказанные лекарственные средства могут быть использованы для превентивной терапии мигрени.

Migraine is the most severe form of cephalgia with intense social and professional maladjustment. Until recently, preventive treatment of migraine has been carried out only with non-specific drugs of various pharmacological groups (beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, anticonvulsants, antidepressants) that empirically proved their effectiveness, but their long-term use was associated with the occurrence of side effects. Numerous basic and clinical research provided strong evidence that the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of migraine. These data led to the development of monoclonal antibodies aimed at CGRP or its receptor. Clinical trials showed statistically significant effectiveness with good tolerance and safety. The obtained data suggest that these drugs can be used as a preventive treatment of migraine.
Особенности когнитивного функционирования пациентов с параноидной формой шизофрении, сочетанной с цереброваскулярной патологией
Authors: Korovina L. , Strelnikova I. , Radchenko T.
Published: February 2022

Current international research is increasingly giving more and more attention to the coupled prevalence of paranoid schizophrenia and somatoneurological pathologies, including the presence of concomitant cerebrovascular disease (CVD). The features of clinical picture of cognitive functioning of patients with paranoid schizophrenia in combination with CVD determine the subject of this study. There were examined 59 female patients with paranoid schizophrenia with and without associated CVD. The study data demonstrate that the study group had a higher level of overall psychopathology, including anxiety, depression, disorders of attention, and decrease of cognitive function, if compared with the control group. The obtained data formed the base for the development of personalized approaches in the treatment of the examined patient population.

В современных международных исследованиях все больше внимания уделяется распространенности параноидной шизофрении, сочетанной с соматоневрологической патологией, включая наличие сопутствующих цереброваскулярных заболеваний (ЦВЗ). Особенности клинической картины когнитивного функционирования пациентов с параноидной шизофренией в сочетании с цереброваскулярными заболеваниями определяют предмет настоящего исследования. Обследовано 59 пациенток с параноидной шизофренией с ЦВЗ и без них. Данные исследования демонстрируют, что исследуемая группа пациенток имеет более высокий уровень общей психопатологии, включая тревогу, депрессию и расстройства внимания, а также снижение когнитивной функции, по сравнению с контрольной группой. Полученные данные легли в основу разработки персонифицированных методов лечения исследуемой популяции пациенток.
Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: Clinical Signs, Rehabilitation
Authors: Трисветова Е.Л.
Published: February 2022

Пандемия COVID-19, быстро распространившаяся во всем мире и протекающая со многими симптомами, свидетельствующими о поражении практически всех органов, в отличие от предыдущих пережитых населением вирусных заболеваний SARS, TOPC, не заканчивается выздоровлением. У многих людей отмечают длительное течение заболевания (long COVID-19) или сохраняющиеся после выздоровления симптомы (post COVID-19 syndrome). Причины развития постковидного синдрома неизвестны, в выполненных исследованиях частота встречаемости вариативна. Среди факторов риска постковидного синдрома указывают возраст старше 50 лет, избыточную массу тела и ожирение, наличие более пяти симптомов (кашель, усталость, головная боль, диарея, потеря обоняния) в начале заболевания. Симптомы появляются независимо от тяжести заболевания и места госпитализации, посттравматическое стрессовое расстройство отмечали чаще после лечения в отделении интенсивной терапии и реанимации, вместе с тем оно встречалось у людей, лечившихся в общем отделении стационара. Лечение постковидного синдрома не разработано, его проводят, ориентируясь на основные проявления, симптоматическими средствами.

The COVID-19 pandemic, which is rapidly spreading throughout the world and proceeding with many symptoms that indicate damage to almost all organs, unlike the previous SARS viral diseasesexperienced by the population, does not end with recovery. Many people have a long course of the disease (long COVID-19) or symptoms that persist after recovery. The causes of development of post-COVID-19 syndrome are unknown; in the performed studies, the frequency of occurrence is variable. The risk factors of post-COVID-19 syndrome include age over 50 years, overweight and obesity, the presence of more than five symptoms (cough, fatigue, headache, diarrhea, loss of smell) at the onset of the disease. The symptoms appear regardless of the severity of the disease and the place of hospitalization. Post-traumatic stress disorder was noted more often after treatment in the intensive care unit. At the same time, it was found in people treated in the general hospital unit. The treatment of post-COVID-19 syndrome has not been developed. It is treated focusing on the main manifestations with symptomatic means.
Current Aspects of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Ниткин Д.М.
Published: February 2022

В статье представлен обзор современных представлений о хронической болезни почек с приведением современной классификации и стадийности развития. Отдельное внимание уделено актуальным аспектам эпидемиологии и этиологии рассматриваемой проблемы, а также факторам риска. В соответствии с актуальными клиническими рекомендациями, а также с позиции доказательной медицины рассмотрены основные методы лечения и профилактики. Акцентировано внимание на неспецифических методах терапии, а также эффективности и безопасности фитолечения и фитопрофилактики клинической манифестации и прогрессирования хронической болезни почек с помощью экстракта артишока колючего (Cynara scolymus). Представлены лекарственное средство растительного происхождения на основе экстракта листьев артишока колючего Артихол®, его механизмы действия и рекомендуемые дозировки.

The article provides an overview of modern concepts of chronic kidney disease with the modern classification and stages of development. Special attention is paid to the current aspects of the epidemiology and etiology of the problem, as well as the risk factors. In accordance with the current clinical guidelines, as well as from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine, the main methods of treatment and prevention are considered. Attention is focused on nonspecific methods of therapy, the effectiveness and safety of phytotherapy and phytoprophylaxis of clinical manifestations and progression of chronic kidney disease using the extract of prickly artichoke (Cynara scolymus). The herbal medicinal product based on the extract of prickly artichoke Artihol®, its mechanisms of action and recommended dosages are presented.
Chronic Sclerosing Sialoadenitis as a Manifestation of IgG4-Associated Disease
Authors: Людчик Т.Б. , Артюшкевич А.С. , Степанова Ю.И. , Насибянц Н.В.
Published: February 2022

В статье представлен аналитический обзор научной отечественной и зарубежной литературы за последние 15 лет, посвященный вопросам патогенеза и диагностики IgG4-связанного заболевания (IgG4-СЗ). Это новая нозологическая единица, которая объединяет несколько патологических состояний и представляет собой системное иммуноопосредованное заболевание, в которое могут вовлекаться слюнные железы, поджелудочная железа, печень, забрюшинное пространство, желчевыводящие пути, слезные железы, глазница, легкие, почки, проявляющееся опухолеподобным поражением органов, повышением уровня IgG4 в сыворотке крови и формированием выраженного фиброза и лимфоплазмоцитарного инфильтрата в тканях с высоким содержанием IgG4-позитивных плазматических клеток. Освещены основные аспекты этиологии, патогенетических механизмов формирования и диагностики IgG4-СЗ.

The article presents an analytical review of scientific domestic and foreign literature over the past 15 years, devoted to the pathogenesis and diagnosis of IgG4-associated disease (IgG4-AD). This is a new nosological unit what combines several pathological conditions. Is a systemic immune- mediated disease, which may involve the salivary glands, pancreas, liver, retroperitoneal space, biliary tract, salivary glands, orbit, lungs, kidneys, which manifests itself as tumor-like organ damage, increase serum IgG4 level and the formation of severe fibrosis and lymphoplasmocytic infiltrate in tissues with a high content of IgG4-positive plasma cells. The main aspects of the etiology, pathogenetic mechanisms and diagnosis of IgG4-AD are highlighted.
Studying the Influence of Preparation К-26-w on the Level of CFUs
Authors: Ибрагимов А.А. , Еникеева З.М. , Агзамова Н.А. , Салихов Ф.С.
Published: February 2022

Цель работы. Изучение влияния на стимуляцию эндогенных колониеобразующих единиц в селезенке (КОЕс) препарата К-26-в в сравнении с К-26 и облученным контролем.Методы исследования. Изучение влияния соединений на численность КОЕс проводили на беспородных мышах, которых облучали на аппарате «THERATRON» с мощностью 112 с Гр/мин, источник Со60 в сублетальной дозе, равной 6 Гр, а затем однократно вводили препараты в дозах терапевтической и 1 мг/кг. На 9-е сутки после облучения у животных учитывали изменение массы тела, селезенки, а также численность образовавшихся колоний в селезенке по методике.Результаты. При введении препаратов К-26 и К-26-в в дозе 1 мг/кг наблюдали КОЕс в количестве 11 и 14 ед., при введении в ТД их количество уменьшалось до 8 и 10 ед. Масса селезенки во всех 4 группах была на 20–22% больше, чем в интактной группе, и более чем на 220% больше, чем в группе облучения. Масса тимуса была на 1–20% меньше, чем в интактной группе, и на 60–90% больше, чем в группе с облучением (контроль 1).Выводы. Оба вещества обладают способностью на выход колониеобразующих единиц, но бóльшие показатели КОЕс вызывает вещество К-26-в.

Purpose. Study of the influence of the preparation К-26-w on stimulation of endogenous colony- forming units in the spleen (CFUs) in comparison with K-26 and the irradiated control.Methods. Study of the influence of combinations on the number of CFUs was carried out on outbred mice that were irradiated on the device "THERATRON" with the aggregate capacity 112 Gray/min, the source Со60 in the sublethal dose equal to 6 Gray. Then the preparations were administered in therapeutic dose and 1 mg/kg. In 9 days after irradiation, the change of weight of the body and spleen, the number of the colonies in the spleen were registered according to the standard method. Results. In introduction of preparations К-26 and К-26-w in the dose 1 mg/kg, the number of CFUs was 11 and 14 units; in introduction to TD, their quantity decreased to 8 and 10 units. Weight of the spleen in all 4 groups was 20–22% more than in the intact group, and more than 220% more thanin the irradiation group. The weight of the thymus was 1–20% less than in the intact group, and 60–90% more than in the group with irradiation (the control 1).Conclusion. Both substances possess the ability on exit of colony-forming units, but higher indicators of CFUs are caused by the substance К-26-w.
COVID-19 in Children: Clinical and Epidemiological Data
Authors: Антипкин Ю.Г. , Подольский В.В. , Подольский Вл.В. , Лапшин В.Ф. , Уманец Т.Р. , Каминская Т.М. , Лившиц Л.А. , Гаращенко Т.А.
Published: February 2022

Коронавирусная болезнь 2019 (COVID-19) – острое инфекционное заболевание дыхательных путей, возбудителем которого является новый коронавирус 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 поражает детей разных возрастных групп, даже новорожденных и детей до года. Не существует достоверных данных о факторах риска инфицирования SARS-CoV-2 у детей, хотя семейные случаи хорошо задокументированы. Большинство детей имеют более легкое клиническое те чение с такими распространенными симптомами, как лихорадка, кашель, слабость, миалгия, рвота и диарея. Увеличение маркеров воспаления и радиологические изменения менее распространены и выражены, чем у взрослых. Отсутствуют достоверные данные о связи отягчающих коморбидных состояний у детей и степени тяжести течения COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute infectious disease of the respiratory system caused by the new coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 affects children of all ages, even newborns and children under one year. There are no reliable data on risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, although family cases are well documented. Most children have a mild clinical course with common symptoms such as fever, cough, fatigue, myalgia, vomiting, and diarrhea. Elevated markers of inflammation and radiological changes are less common and pronounced than in adults. There are no reliable data on the relationship between aggravating comorbid conditions in children and the severity of COVID-19.
Стереотипы сна у детей школьного возраста
Authors: Kovtyuk N. , Nechytailo Yu. , Nechytailo D. , Mikhieieva T.
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Sleep is very important to human health and well-being, and sleep loss and disorders are associated with a wide range of adverse health effects, especially in children.Purpose. To assess sleep peculiarities and sleep patterns in children.Materials and methods. In total, 562 children aged 10–18 years were examined. Assessment of anthropometric data, nutrition, physical activity, sleep peculiarities and quality, family and socioeconomic data etc. was conducted. Circadian rhythm chronotype was also assessed with the standard questionnaire for determination of the chronotypes (morningness – eveningness).Results. Two sleep patterns were considered. The daytime sleep duration and nocturnal awakenings generally decreased with the increase of age. The prevalence of biphasic pattern was 27.2% in the examined cohort. The biphasic sleep pattern positively correlated with evening circadian chronotype, night sleep insufficiency, and increase of time spent on multimedia and electronic entertainment. Self-assessment of sleep quality in children with biphasic sleep pattern was lower in total, especially at the age 14–15 years.Conclusion. There are problems of short sleep and sleep deprivation that are mostly associated with biphasic sleep pattern. Children with biphasic stereotype have later sleep onset and compensate for sleep deficiency by day napping. The sleep quality in children with biphasic sleep pattern was lower in total, especially at the age of 14-15 years.

Введение. Сон очень важен для здоровья и благополучия человека, а его сокращение и нарушения связаны с широким диапазоном отрицательных последствий для здоровья, особенно у детей.Цель. Оценка особенностей и стереотипов сна у детей.Материалы и методы. Всего обследовано 562 ребенка в возрасте 10–18 лет. Проводилась оценка антропометрических данных, питания, физической активности, особенностей и качества сна, семейных и социально-экономических данных. Определялся циркадианный хронотип ребенка с помощью стандартного опросника для определения утреннего и вечернего типов.Результаты. Были выделены два стереотипа сна: монофазный (только ночной сон) и двухфазный (с дневным сном). Частота двухфазного сна в исследуемой когорте составила 27,2%. Двухфазный стереотип сна имел положительную корреляцию с вечерним циркадианным хронотипом, с недостаточностью ночного сна и увеличением времени на мультимедийные иэлектронные развлечения. Самооценка качества сна у детей с двухфазным стереотипом была хуже в целом, особенно в возрасте 14–15 лет.Заключение. Существуют проблемы короткой продолжительности сна и недосыпания, которые в основном связаны с двухфазным режимом сна. Дети с двухфазным стереотипом засыпают позже и компенсируют недостаток сна дневным сном. Качество сна у детей с двухфазным режимом сна в целом было ниже, особенно в возрасте 14–15 лет.
Коморбидность заболеваний пищевода и гастродуоденальной зоны у детей
Authors: Belousova O. , Kirianchuk N. , Zimnytska T. , Kazarian L.
Published: February 2022

The concept of comorbidity – simultaneous lesion of two or more organs or systems of the body – has found a fairly wide coverage in the literature of recent years. Comorbidity in diseases of the digestive system has been known for a long time: combined damage to the organs of the gastroduodenal zone and the hepatobiliary system, esophagus, intestines is one of the distinctive features of the course of diseases of the digestive system in children, which requires careful diagnostics and adequate therapy of combined disorders. The article presents literature review on the comorbidity of esophageal and gastroduodenal diseases in children. The problems of comorbidity in diseases of digestive system in children are discussed. Various definitions of the term of comorbidity and its types are given. The issues of the prevalence of combined lesion of the organs of the upper digestive tract in pediatric practice are highlighted. The role of common causative and pathophysiological factors in the occurrence of comorbid diseases of the esophageal and gastroduodenal zone is considered. The authors also discuss the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the occurrence of esophageal lesions accompanying the pathology of the stomach and duodenum. The necessity of timely diagnostics and adequate treatment of associated abnormalities is emphasized.

Понятие коморбидности – одновременного поражения двух или более органов или систем организма – нашло достаточно широкое освещение в литературе последних лет. Коморбидность при заболеваниях пищеварительной системы известна давно: сочетанное поражение органов гастродуоденальной зоны и гепатобилиарной системы, пищевода, кишечника является одной из отличительных особенностей течения заболеваний пищеварительной системы у детей, что требует тщательной диагностики и адекватной терапии сочетанных нарушений. В статье представлен обзор литературы по коморбидности заболеваний пищевода и гастродуоденальной зоны у детей. Обсуждаются вопросы коморбидности при заболеваниях пищеварительной системы у детей. Даны различные определения термина «коморбидность», а также видов коморбидности. Освещены вопросы распространенности сочетанного пораженияорганов верхних отделов пищеварительного тракта в педиатрической практике. Рассмотрена роль общих причинных и патофизиологических факторов в возникновении коморбидных заболеваний пищевода и гастродуоденальной зоны. Авторы также обсуждают роль инфекции Helicobacter pylori в возникновении поражений пищевода, сопровождающих патологию желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки. Подчеркивается необходимость своевременной диагностики и адекватной терапии сочетанных нарушений.
Possibilities of Using Microanomalies of Fetal Facial Development for Prenatal Diagnosis of Genetic Syndromes
Authors: Главацкая Е.Н. , Прибушеня О.В. , Наумчик И.В.
Published: February 2022

В статье продемонстрированы возможности ультразвуковой диагностики в выявлении генетических синдромов, включающих аномалии лица и шеи, и представлен клинический случай диагностики генетического синдрома с аутосомно-рецессивным типом наследования, в состав которого входил аномалад Пьера Робена.

The article demonstrates the possibilities of ultrasound diagnostics in identifying genetic syndromes including anomalies of the face and neck and presents a clinical case of diagnosing a genetic syndrome with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, which included Pierre Robin’s anomaly.