bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE VISEGRAD FOUR UNDER THE PRESIDENCY OF SLOVAKIA AND CZECHIA
Authors:   Russian State University for Humanities, Shishelina Lyubov
Published: February 2024

The article analyzes in comparison the chairmanship of the Visegrad Group of Slovakia and the Czech Republic, taking place against the background of Special Military Operation. They are also compared with the positions of Hungary and Poland on the «Ukrainian issue». The author draws attention to the fact that initially the Czech presidency was developed as if in continuation of the tasks of the Slovak. This fact further emphasizes the special nature of relations between the two countries, which exactly thirty years ago chose a sovereign path of development instead of a common federation of Czechs and Slovaks. Both programs, being worked out during different periods of escalation of the conflict in the east, place the security and military cooperation of the Quartet countries as one of the main priorities and at the same time take into account other priorities of the European Union related to economic and energy policy. Among other international priorities the countries of the Balkan region and the countries that are still open to cooperation within the framework of the Eastern Partnership stand out (in addition to Ukraine, these are primarily Moldova and Georgia). Both programs emphasize the special role of the Visegrad Foundation as a generator of ideas of Central European unity.
Online Professional Development Course Helps Secondary Educators Increase Their Confidence in Teaching Evolution to Religious Audiences
Authors: Harrington Kenneth , Nelson Hunter , Ockey Jordon , Gibson Austin , Jensen Jamie
Published: February 2024

Students with religious beliefs often find it difficult to accept the theory of evolution. It is important that educators feel comfortable addressing student questions on the compatibility of evolution and religion. We designed an online professional development course that taught the foundational principles of both evolution and religion in order to assist secular and non-secular educators in helping their students overcome religious barriers to evolution. This course increased the confidence of science educators to help students resolve perceived conflict between evolution and religion. Utilizing a reconciliation model will help religious educators drive science acceptance.
Public vs. Private
Authors: Berumen Britteny , Boatman Misty , Bland Mark W.
Published: February 2024

Evolutionary theory is fundamental to biology, yet evolution instruction in high schools has often been unsatisfactory. How or whether high school biology teachers teach evolution is influenced by their own acceptance or rejection of evolutionary theory, parents’ and community members’ views, and in the case of some private schools, their religious affiliations. Studies documenting how evolution is taught in public high schools have been conducted, yet private schools remain underresearched.

Arkansas high school biology teachers employed by public and private schools were invited to complete a survey composed of the Measure of Acceptance of the Theory of Evolution (MATE) and other items designed to allow comparison of their treatment of topics within evolutionary theory. Specifically, we sought to compare public and private teachers’ acceptance of evolution, how they teach it in their classrooms, and how their acceptance of the validity of evolution compares with four other widely accepted scientific theories (cell, gene, germ, and atomic). Results suggest that public school teachers have higher levels of acceptance of evolution than private school teachers. However, teachers in both public and private schools reported lower acceptance of the validity of evolutionary theory compared with the other four scientific theories. Across topics within evolution, natural selection was given the most treatment while human evolution was given the least.
Does Mud Really Stick? No Evidence for Continued Influence of Misinformation on Newly Formed Person Impressions
Authors: Mickelberg Amy , Walker Bradley , Ecker Ullrich , Howe Piers D L , Perfors Andrew , Fay Nicolas
Published: February 2024

Despite robust evidence that misinformation continues to influence event-related reasoning after a clear retraction, evidence for the continued influence of misinformation on person impressions is mixed. Across four experiments, we investigated the impact of person-related misinformation and its correction on dynamic (moment-to-moment) impression formation. Participants formed an impression of a protagonist, “John”, based on a series of behaviour descriptions, including misinformation that was later retracted. Person impressions were recorded after the presentation of each behaviour description. As predicted, we found a strong effect of information valence on person impressions: negative misinformation had a greater impact on person impressions than positive misinformation (Experiments 1 and 2). Furthermore, in each experiment participants fully discounted the misinformation once retracted, regardless of whether the misinformation was negative or positive. This was true even when the other behaviour descriptions were congruent with (Experiment 2) or causally related to the retracted misinformation (Experiments 3 and 4). To test for generalisation, Experiment 4 used a different misinformation statement; it again showed no evidence for the continued influence of retracted misinformation on person impressions. Our findings indicate that person-related misinformation can be effectively discounted following a clear retraction.
Examining Normative Sociology and Phronetic Social Science in the Light of Practical Reason
Authors: Tsilipakos Leonidas
Published: February 2024

Normative sociology and phronetic social science are research programmes that aim to overcome the dead end of positivism and the obfuscating effects of cryptonormativity, promising renewed social science disciplines that engage normatively with the public. In this article, I aim to deepen our understanding of social science’s (re)turn to normativity by examining how the disciplinary aims of such programmes fare against their conception of practical reason. I consider Tariq Modood’s presentation of the Bristol School of Multiculturalism as a form of normative sociology and begin from its understanding of practical reason after Michael Oakeshott, before specifying Modood’s recommendations, also with reference to other prominent versions of normative sociology. I then show that Bent Flyvbjerg’s phronetic social science, an Aristotle-inspired programme that has received widespread attention, is a particularly useful object of comparison: it bears high proximity to the Bristol School of Multiculturalism by being contextualist, dialogical, and prising public engagement. Most importantly, it too espouses antirationalist arguments via the emphasis it places on the Aristotelian notion of phronesis (practical wisdom). I argue that Oakeshott’s and Aristotle’s insights on the character and growth of practical reason both clarify and problematize the disciplinary aims of normative sociology and phronetic social science. Thus, to develop and defend normative social science, it is necessary to address a host of resulting challenges, most centrally the following: phronesis as an intellectual virtue based on one’s disposition, character, and experience largely eludes disciplinary-level training of the kind that social scientists and political theorists have received, exercise, or provide to students.
A COMPREHENSIVE METHOD OF A DEFECT MAP FORMING BASED ON THERMAL RESPONSE PATTERNS
Authors:   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Levinskyi O. , Oborskyi Н. ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University
Published: February 2024

The study considers contemporary approaches used in the analysis of infrared thermography results of a test object aimed at identifying structural features for defect map formation. Emphasis is placed on the advantages of employing statistical analysis methods in thermogram analysis, involving the quantitative assessment of signal-to-noise ratio and optimizing the thermographic analysis procedure through global extremum search of the objective function. According to the developed methodology, a set of four possible outcomes resulting from the thermographic analysis of a test object is examined, including true positive, false positive, true negative, and false negative results. The analysis of thermographic procedure results for the detection of a potential defect in an individual thermogram element is determined through the probability distribution function of temperature, which is compared with a similar function for a homogeneous section of the test object. In the basic methodology, probability distribution parameters for a homogeneous section of the test object and a section with structural features differ in terms of mean and variance. By dividing the temperature probability distribution area with a threshold value, four zones are formed: a zone where a defect is guaranteed to be absent, a zone where a defect is not detected according to the chosen threshold value, a zone where a defect is detected according to the chosen threshold value, and a zone where a defect is guaranteed to be present. The basic approach, basedon statistical methods, allows determining the accuracy of thermographic analysis for an individual thermogram element by calculating the signal-to-noise ratio based on the fundamental indicators of mean and variance of the temperature probability distribution. Within the extended scheme of statistical analysis of thermographic investigation results, a z-value is determined, based on the number of neighboring thermogram elements corresponding to a homogeneous section and a section with potential structural features.
The TUNJO battery as a predictor of phonetic ability: A survey among English Philology students
Authors:   University of Białystok, Poland, Gorbacz-Dailida Grażyna
Published: February 2024

Some learners are more successful in foreign language mastering than others. Among the plausible explanations discussed in the literature (Carroll 1981; Skehan 1991; Dörnyei 2005; Stansfield & Reed 2019; Griffiths & Soruç 2020), the concept of foreign language aptitude (FLA) is regarded as one of the key factors that can influence or predict learners’ success in the process of foreign language acquisition. The present pilot quantitative study aims to assess the extent to which learners’ level of foreign language aptitude can be correlated to their general phonological ability based on the example of first-year MA English Philology students (N=10). To assess the students’ level of aptitude, the Polish adaptation of the Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT), called the Test of Aptitude for the Learning of Foreign Languages (Test Uzdolnień do Nauki Języków Obcych – TUNJO), was used. On the other hand, to measure their level of phonetic ability, the test, which focused on several chosen areas covered during practical and theoretical phonetics classes during the BA programme, was constructed and submitted to the group. The quantitative data gathered throughout those two stages were subsequently analysed and interpreted. The results obtained revealed no significant correlation between the students’ level of aptitude and their general phonetic ability. Other individual differences and affective factors in language learning, alongside the structure of the measuring tools and the measurement itself, may justify the apparent lack of correlation.
Polish university students’ and recent graduates’ reflections on discussing controversial topics in American literature courses: a preliminary qualitative study
Authors:   University of Białystok, Poland, Kalinowska Marcelina
Published: February 2024

Exploring contentious subjects in literature courses can provide students with cognitive, social, and emotional benefits (Flynn & Rivera 2022; Rybakova et al. 2013). Hand and Levinson (2012) note that discussion is commonly considered as the most effective means to explore sensitive topics in the classroom. According to Flynn and Rivera (2022), teachers should seek appropriate pedagogical approaches to engage students in meaningful discussions on controversial issues. Critical pedagogy, most famously promoted by Paulo Freire, a Brazilian educator striving for social justice, may be useful in foreign literature classes to help create an inclusive environment for awareness-raising discussions on challenging topics, especially concerning social inequities and politics (Darder et al. 2009; Kincheloe 2008; McLaren 2009). This research explores Polish university students’ and recent graduates’ perceptions of discussing controversial topics in American literature classes. Written critical reflection prompts were administered to fifteen Polish university students and graduates to gather qualitative data, which were subsequently evaluated using content analysis. The study revealed that classroom discussions on sensitive issues can benefit Polish students, provided that American literature instructors remain impartial, promote inclusivity, and raise awareness of cultural and linguistic differences between Poland and the United States. In light of this, critical pedagogy is recommended as an effective approach to teaching controversial topics.
The public interest perspective in the medical grounds
Authors:   Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Maria Curie-Skłodowska, Poland, Duma Anna
Published: February 2024

The goals include the obtained results from the advisable sources, specifically as a sense of the carried-out analysis. So it is a conceivable objective that the legal national interest perspective should be explicit pursuant to the doctrine. The patient has a number of rights not cataloged numerus clausus. However, how has legislation changed in the face of the pandemic and European Union budgetary law? Did it have an impact on strengthening the law and increasing the focus on the patient? In such difficult times of a pandemic, it was necessary, therefore, to adapt more to technological and legal developments. The restrictions that resulted from the pandemic, however, were intended not to infringe on patients' acquired and absolute human rights. It is an important dogmatic and historical method in the sense that this is a work with a historical dimension because it is describing the most important events in the history of the globe for human rights and medical law, which are trying to combine. In conclusion, it is important to share knowledge in the field of medical law that is popularized in the field of documents considered medical, which has been discussed more in the text. It aims to indicate where an individual would assert the rights if not through the proliferation of specialized human rights courts. What is more significant, the representation of states is related to their international competencies, which may, in the future, ensure membership of other international organizations, in order to focus the role of a global coordinator of similar problems in the European sphere. It is the choice of countries to belong to international specialized organizations that make it easier to shape mechanisms for the protection of medical rights.
The significance of autonomous interpretation of the term ‘beneficiary’ for the EU funds management system under the Cohesion Policy
Authors:   Voivodship Administrative Court in Poznań, Poland, Talaga Robert
Published: February 2024

Adoption of the EU budget involves drafting of EU regulations that provide a uniform framework for spending the allocated funds. Such was also the case in the current period of programming EU funds what are spent pursuant to regulations that are directly binding in all Member States. The Polish legislator has introduced domestic regulations which accommodate a number of legal definitions including one of the term ‘beneficiary’, which in essence refers to provisions laid down in EU regulations. As a consequence, it means that EU laws that are subject to officially binding interpretation of the Court of Justice should be applied accordingly. Earlier decisions which addressed both the rights and obligations of the ‘beneficiary’ must be recognized as at least substantiated for the needs of implementing the Cohesion Policy. This article aims to analyse and assess the practice of implementing the term ‘beneficiary’ in the European Union from the perspective of European Union law in the context of Cohesion Policy. It considers present Polish legislative changes which followed the changes in at the Union level in the area of Cohesion Policy concerning the term ‘beneficiary’. The author mainly use the formal-dogmatic method typical to law studies. The author analyse the case-law concerning the term ‘beneficiary’ in Cohesion Policy. The analysis is based on the judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union. The assessment includes only relevant judgements issued by the European Court Justice, which still play a significant role in present legislative changes driven at the Union level regarding Cohesion Policy. This text provides an overview of the general requirements for implementing European Law in accordance with the basic standards construed by the European Court of Justice. The paper deals with the autonomous interpretation of the term ‘beneficiary’ in the procedure of distributing EU in the field of Cohesion Policy. The author indicates the applicable interpretation of the scope of the term ‘beneficiary’ and outlines how the state administration bodies in the domestic legal system are charged with enforcing the term ‘beneficiary’. In conclusion of this paper, the author points out that the European Court of Justice did not directly construe the legal definition ‘beneficiary’ existing in European law. However, the optimal functioning of administrative bodies of Member States should take into consideration some judgements of ECJ concerning the fore-mentioned term. Such proceedings can be helpful in adjusting the legal system of implementation of Cohesion Policy in every Member State. More precisely, such proceedings are necessary to adapt appropriately the provisions of the legislative changes existing in the present EU regulation on the Cohesion Policy. In consequence, it can also eliminate potential administrative barriers and give more protection to the actors applying for EU grants.
Implementation procedures for EU development policy in Poland
Authors:   The Jacob of Paradies University in Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland, Jaśkiewicz Jacek
Published: February 2024

EU law obliges Member States to introduce such management and control systems for the implementation of financial instruments on their territory to ensure their proper functioning and compliance with the objectives and principles of EU development policy. Within the limits set by the principles and provisions of treaty and statutory law, Member States are free to design these systems. The aim of the article is to present an outline of the national model for the implementation of EU funds in Poland from a procedural perspective (described in full detail in the author's monograph cited below). The study mainly used a methodology of analytical research (modelling) and doctrinal legal research (analysis of subject literature) with elements of comparative legal research. The analysis shows that the research results indicate that the most frequently used and at the same time the basic method of implementing development policy instruments is using special administrative procedures. These procedures (referred to in the doctrine as third generation procedures) differ from the general administrative procedure in certain elements like stronger formalization, accelerating the trial, methods of proof, remedies, and others. Due to the administrative nature of these proceedings, the control of decisions or other acts issued in them is exercised before administrative courts. Only some disputes relating to claims arising from co-finance decision or contracts and other claims in contractual or tortious matters are settled in the polish common courts. Such construction and specificity of the characterized system is justified by the purposes and functions of EU development policy and nature of its financial instruments. Also for this reason the requirements placed on implementation procedures in terms of their public accessibility and functionality should be seen from a different perspective than standard jurisdictional procedures, designed for general administrative or civil matters.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНО-ОРІЄНТОВАНОЇ ПСИХОФІЗИЧНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ СЛІДЧИХ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІЦІЇ
Authors: Великий Юрій
Published: February 2024

Мета. Здійснити аналіз професіограми професії слідчого НП, визначити ієрархію професійно значущих психофізіологічних якостей, необхідних для успішної професійної діяльності. Методи. Аналіз, узагальнення, систематизація даних наукових досліджень та літературних джерел. Результати. У роботі слідчих переважає тривала розумова діяльність, яка є виснажливою для організму, веде до стомлення і перевтоми, переважає монотонія, тривала безперервна робота з документами; перебування в стані емоційної та фізичної напруженості [9, 10]. Одним із ефективних шляхів удосконалення процесу підготовки слідчих є професійно-орієнтована психофізична підготовка курсантів ЗВО до майбутньої професійної діяльності. Висновок. Успішне оволодіння професією слідчого та ефективність подальшої діяльності буде залежати від ступеня сформованості: розумової працездатності; оперативної та довгострокової пам’яті; уваги; розвитку спеціальних професійних здібностей; емоційної стійкості; точності і чутливості аналізаторів (зорового, слухового, дотикового); швидкості просторової реакції на подразники; реакцій вибору та небезпеку; статичної, загальної, силової  витривалості; спритності; координаційних здібностей; гнучкості.
ВПЛИВ САМОСТІЙНИХ ЗАНЯТЬ ФІЗИЧНОЮ КУЛЬТУРОЮ НА ФІЗИЧНУ ПІДГОТОВЛЕНІСТЬ СТАРШИХ ШКОЛЯРІВ
Authors: Файчак Роман , Бублик Сергій , Човган Ростислав , Крижанівська Оксана
Published: February 2024

Мета. Вивчення проблеми самостійних занять фізичними вправами, як засобу підвищення фізичної підготовленості ліцеїстів старших класів. Методи дослідження. Мотивацію до самостійних спортивно-оздоровчих занять виявляли анкетуванням. 100 ліцеїстів розділили на КГ-50 чол. та  ЕГ- 50 чол. (середній вік 17,0±1,2 років). Констатуючий експеримент  полягав у виявленні мотивації до самостійних занять, визначали рівень теоретичних знань та фізичної підготовленості Формуючий експеримент полягав у проведенні в  ЕГ методичної роботи, спрямованої на підвищення рівня теоретичних знань для проведення самостійних занять фізичними вправами, та їх фізичної підготовленості Контрольний експеримент полягав у повторному визначенні рівня фізичної підготовленості учнів ЕГ. Результати. Констатуючий експеримент показав низький рівень теоретичної підготовки ліцеїстів, що визначає їх низьку мотивацію до самостійних занять. Після експерименту 66% учнів ЕГ показали високий рівень мотивації, що тісно корелює (r=0,89;p=0,0012) із збільшенням до 49,8% кількості ліцеїстів з вище середнього рівнем фізичної підготовленості. Висновки. 1. Після експерименту більшість ліцеїстів мають стійку мотивацію до самостійних занять.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ФІЗИЧНИХ ВПРАВ У КОМПЛЕКСНОМУ ВІДНОВЛЕННІ ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ ШИЙНОЮ РАДИКУЛОПАТІЄЮ
Authors: Козік Наталія , Стратійчук Наталія , Боднар Юрій
Published: February 2024

Стаття присвячена дослідженню ефективності поєднання звичних методів відновлення зтими, які використовуються відносно недавно. Мета дослідження полягала у теоретичному обґрунту-ванні та практичному підтвердженні ефективності поєднання впливу терапевтичних вправ, масажу,ударно-хвильової терапії, біомеханічної стимуляції та кінезіотейпування у комплексному відновленні пришийній радикулопатії.Під час експерименту були використані такі методи дослідження: вивчення та аналіз літе-ратурних джерел із обраної тематики; аналіз даних медичної документації пацієнтів із шийною радикулопатією; соціологічні методи дослідження, соматоскопія та соматометрія; неврологічне об-стеження, тестування сили м’язів за шкалою Ловетта, метод математичної статистики.У результаті експерименту у більшості пацієнток пройшли основні патологічні симптоми абозменшилась їх інтенсивність, збільшилась амплітуда рухів голови та верхніх кінцівок, зросла сила м’язівверхніх кінцівок, покращились фізичний та емоційний стан. Вказані результати підтверджують гіпо-тезу, що запропоноване поєднання методів відновлення може бути ефективним у фізичній терапіїпацієнтів із шийними радикулопатіями.
Para una historia de la administración italiana. Del estado liberal al estado fascista
Authors: Mazzarella Ferdinando
Published: February 2024

Los orígenes de la administración italiana remiten a un momento anterior a la unificación política de Italia. Su historia se desarrolla a lo largo de un itinerario caracterizado por modificaciones graduales. En correspondencia con las transformaciones económicas, los cambios sociales y las orientaciones políticas, la administración italiana, entre el siglo XIX y el siglo XX, interpretó diferentes papeles, conforme a la evolución del equilibrio constitucional. Instrumento unas veces de acción política, otras de mediación social o de dirección economíca, en cada caso ella misma rediseñó su estructura y redefinió su papel, conforme, por un lado, a los pasajes constitucionales que condujeron a Italia desde el Estado liberal al Estato fascista y, por otro, a una línea de continuidad técnica que generó a veces evidentes paradojas.
Joint Probability Function Relating Fibre Segmental Length and Orientation
Authors:   INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, GREEN BAY, WISCONSIN, U.S.A., Carroll C. W.
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this contribution is to describe how statistical-geometrical analysis [such as that developed in the paper by Corte and Kallmes, this vol., pp. 13-46] can be extended and applied to the determination of the joint probability density function p(s, e), which arises so naturally and importantly in Van den Akker’s very interesting theoretical analysis of some of the fundamental mechanical properties of paper exhibited in the elastic regime (this vol., pp. 205-241).
Effect of Structure on Major Aspects of Paper Behaviour with Fluids
Authors:   INSTITUTE OF PAPER TECHNOLOGY, TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, DARMSTADT, Brecht Walter
Published: February 2024

Firstly, the fundamental laws for the permeation, diffusion and penetration of fluids into porous material are explained and the available information on the porosity of paper is discussed. Using the classification in which neutral fluids like air, oil and grease are distinguished from those that interact with the pore walls like water and water vapour, the permeability to air and liquids like oil and grease is treated in greater detail. In addition to the description of the process of penetration, which is of special interest for printing inks, the main part of the paper deals with the behaviour of paper in relation to water and water vapour. Although the effect of swelling on porous structure has not yet been investigated sufficiently, some definite statements can be made on water and water vapour permeability . Furthermore, it is known how the moisture and the water content affect many properties of the paper, especially the strength. Results of recent studies have been incorporated into the information already available. These investigations dealt with the penetration of water vapour into paper and the associated humidity and temperature effects. The paper closes with an account of some little-known studies on the effect of water vapour on paper and a general survey of dimensional stability and the tendency to curl.
Influence of Fibre Types, Size and Shape on Paper Properties for Pulps Other Than Woodpulps
Authors:   HEHNER & COX LTD., LONDON, E.C.3, Grant Julius
Published: February 2024

Paper formation phenomena are more closely related to fibre structure and fibre morphology in the case of non-wood fibres than with chemical woodpulp fibres. Nevertheless, the non-wood fibres commonly used for papermaking cannot be considered as a class on their own, but must be studied separately in these respects. This method is applied in particular to cotton, linen, cereal straws, esparto grass, bagasse and bamboo, with special reference to the dimensional structure of the fibres and their associated structures. Further research work on these fibres on the same lines and scale as that accorded to woodpulp fibres should give valuable information on the factors determining paper formation on the machine.
“Books are Not a Сommodity”: Book Publishers and Booksellers in the Notebooks of the Dostoevskys 1875–1877
Authors: Zavarkina Marina
Published: February 2024

Based on the material of F. M. Dostoevsky’s 1875–1876 notebook, stored in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts, fund 212.1.15, as well as on the material of A. G. Dostoevskaya’s 1876–1877 notebook and subscription books (preserved in the Manuscripts Department of the Russian State Library, fund 93.III.2.1 and in the Department of the Manuscripts of the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskiy Dom), Russian Academy of Sciences, fund 100, no. 30729), the article examines certain names of book publishers and the booksellers with whom the Dostoevskys dealt in the mid-1870s. The commentary on these names is most often absent in the first academic Complete works of the writer (in 30 volumes) and in the publication of this notebook of Dostoevsky in volume 83 of the Literary Heritage series, or it is too brief. The purpose of the author is to supplement the existing commentary or to provide new one, as well as to clarify some of the names, based on the entries from A. G. Dostoevskaya’s notebook and signature books (which were written in a handwriting close to calligraphic) and literature on publishing and book trade in Russia in the second half of the 19th century. The article not only provides extended commentary on such famous names as F. A. Bitepage, M. O. Wolf, Ya. A. Isakov, but also reviews biographies and clarifies the readings of names from Dostoevsky’s notebook of the following book publishers and booksellers A. I. Bortnevsky, F. I. Kolesov, F. G. Mikhin, A. I. Manukhin, I. P. Semennikov.
Adverse effects of the dietary supplement berberine studied on ants as models
Authors: Claire Cammaerts Marie , Cammaerts Roger
Published: February 2024

An extract of Berberis plants is nowadays used as a dietary supplement as well as for treating several medical symptoms, e.g., mostly for regulating glycemia, lipid metabolism and central nervous system disorders. Few or no information has so far been reported about side effects of berberine on behavioral and physiological-linked traits. We thus investigated on the potential adverse effects of the alkaloid berberine by using the ant Myrmica sabuleti as a model. We found that berberine decreased the ant’s food intake, activity, locomotion, and sensory perception, but did not impact their social interactions, cognition, learning and memorization. The ants did not adapt themselves to the side effect of berberine on their locomotion. They did not develop strong dependence on berberine consumption. After weaning, the behavioral effect of a diet with berberine linearly decreased until it vanished in 15 – 18 hours. Researches to assess the effect of berberine on various associated behavioral and physiological traits in mammals and in humans are still needed in order to draw a complete safety profile of this substance.
Canonical Ensemble vs. Grand Canonical Ensemble in the Description of Multicomponent Bosonic Systems
Authors: Anchishkin D. , Gnatovskyy V. , Zhuravel D. , Karpenko V. , Mishustin I. , Stöcker H.
Published: February 2024

The thermodynamics of a system of interacting bosonic particles and antiparticles in the presence of the Bose–Einstein condensate is studied in the framework of a Skyrme-like mean-field model. It is assumed that the total charge density (isospin density) is conserved at all temperatures. Two cases are explicitly considered: the zero or nonzero isospin charge of the system. A comparative analysis is carried out using the Canonical Ensemble or the Grand Canonical Ensemble. It is shown that the Grand Canonical Ensemble is not suitable for describing the bosonic systems of particles and antiparticles in the presence of a condensate, but an adequate study can be carried out within the framework of the canonical ensemble, where the chemical potential is a thermodynamic quantity that depends on the canonical free variable.
Петро Михайлович Томчук (до 90-річчя від дня народження)
Authors: Bondar M.V. , Gandzha I.S. , Zagorodny A.G. , Lev B.I. , Starkov V.M. , Shenderovskyi V.A.
Published: February 2024

На початку сiчня 2024 року виповнюється 90 рокiв вiд дня народження Петра Михайловича Томчука – видатного українського фiзика-теоретика, доктора фiзико-математичних наук, професора, члена-кореспондента НАН України, заслуженого дiяча науки i технiки України, лауреата державних премiй України в галузi науки i технiки, багаторiчного члена редколегiї Українського фiзичного журналу.
Preventing and Treating Tobacco and Nicotine Use in Pediatrics: A Clinical Support Chart
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: February 2024

This convenient reference provides clinicians with point-of-care guidance to help their patients stop using tobacco- and nicotine-containing products—as well as the latest clinical data to encourage them to never start. Available for purchase at https://www.aap.org/Preventing-and-Treating-Tobacco-Use-in-Pediatrics-A-Clinical-Support-Chart
Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in Children
Authors: Rao Suchitra , Gross Rachel S. , Mohandas Sindhu , Stein Cheryl R. , Case Abigail , Dreyer Benard , Pajor Nathan M. , Bunnell H. Timothy , Warburton David , Berg Elizabeth , Overdevest Jonathan B. , Gorelik Mark , Milner Joshua , Saxena Sejal , Jhaveri Ravi , Wood John C. , Rhee Kyung E. , Letts Rebecca , Maughan Christine , Guthe Nick , Castro-Baucom Leah , Stockwell Melissa S.
Published: February 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant medical, social, and economic impacts globally, both in the short and long term. Although most individuals recover within a few days or weeks from an acute infection, some experience longer lasting effects. Data regarding the postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (PASC) in children, or long COVID, are only just emerging in the literature. These symptoms and conditions may reflect persistent symptoms from acute infection (eg, cough, headaches, fatigue, and loss of taste and smell), new symptoms like dizziness, or exacerbation of underlying conditions. Children may develop conditions de novo, including postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, autoimmune conditions and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. This state-of-the-art narrative review provides a summary of our current knowledge about PASC in children, including prevalence, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical characteristics, underlying mechanisms, and functional outcomes, as well as a conceptual framework for PASC based on the current National Institutes of Health definition. We highlight the pediatric components of the National Institutes of Health-funded Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery Initiative, which seeks to characterize the natural history, mechanisms, and long-term health effects of PASC in children and young adults to inform future treatment and prevention efforts. These initiatives include electronic health record cohorts, which offer rapid assessments at scale with geographical and demographic diversity, as well as longitudinal prospective observational cohorts, to estimate disease burden, illness trajectory, pathobiology, and clinical manifestations and outcomes.
The Results of Reworking the Levels of Role-Based Access Control and Mandatory Integrity Control of the Formal Model of Access Control in Astra Linux
Authors: Devyanin Petr Nikolaevich
Published: February 2024

The access control mechanism is the basis for ensuring the security of system software (OS or DBMS). In accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents of domestic regulators for certified information security tools, as a scientific basis for the implementation of such a mechanism, a formal access control model that meets the GOST R 59453.1-2021 criteria should be developed. Such a formal model for the Astra Linux operating system certified for the highest protection classes and assurance levels is the mandatory entity-role model of access and information flows security control in OS of Linux family (MROSL DP-model). Taking into account the introduction of new elements into the access control mechanism of the Astra Linux and in order to ensure a more accurate correspondence of the model description to this mechanism, the development of scientifically based technologies and practices for the development and verification of formal models, the MROSL DP-model is regularly revised. Another such revision of the model now has been completed for two levels of its hierarchical representation, corresponding to role-based access control (representing discretionary access control, traditional for the OS of Linux family) and mandatory integrity control, reflecting the most significant changes in the Astra Linux release 2023. The article analyzes the main results of this revision, within which: functions that define new entity labels are introduced, the composition and descriptions of the de-jure rules for transforming system states, administrative and negative roles are changed, the wording is corrected and several statements are re-proved, and other changes are made in the model description.
Named Entity Recognition for Code Review Comments
Authors: Kachanov Vladimir Vladimirovich , Khitrova Ariana Sergeevna , Markov Sergei Igorevich
Published: February 2024

This paper addresses the problem of named entities recognition from source code reviews. The paper provides a comparative analysis of existing approaches and proposes its own methods to improve the quality of problem solving. Proposed and implemented improvements include: methods to deal with data imbalances, improved tokenization of input data, the use of large arrays of unlabeled data, and the use of additional binary classifiers. To assess quality, a new set of 3,000 user code reviews was collected and manually labeled. It is shown that the proposed improvements can significantly increase the performance measured by quality metrics, calculated both at the token level (+22%) and at the entire entity level (+13%).
Method for Mutation of Complexly Structured Input Data during Fuzzing of JavaScript Engines
Authors: Erokhina Natalya Sergeevna
Published: February 2024

Fuzzing of JavaScript engines is one of the most difficult areas in web-browser testing due to the complexity of input data generating. JavaScript engines process JavaScript code on a web page and require constant support for new language standards and increasing complexity in their architecture. The most common fuzzers today are not able to effectively mutate complexly structured input data during fuzzing. Generating JavaScript code from scratch does not allow encapsulating the necessary semantics, and current mutators quickly destroy the syntax and semantics of the input data language. This article presents a new mutation strategy that preserves the syntax and semantics of the input data by modifying the AST of JavaScript code fragments. This method allows you to efficiently generate diverse and correct input data, which can lead to the identification of errors and vulnerabilities in JavaScript engines. This method can be used to improve the security of web browsers and ensure reliable interpretation of JavaScript code.
The Open System for Storing and Processing of a Dataset of Combinational Circuits
Authors: Miachin Danil Aleksandrovich , Pugach Viktoriia Pavlovna , Avdeiuk Stepan Sergeevich , Zunin Vladimir Viktorovich , Romanov Aleksandr Yur’yevich
Published: February 2024

This paper presents an open-source software for generation, storage, and analysis of combinational circuits. The previously created methods for generating combinational circuits have been optimized, and a dataset has been formed. The generation of combinational circuits is carried out on various devices. The application implements the possibility to combine the generated datasets into a single storage (Synology Drive), as well as analyze the fault tolerance of combinational circuits using various methods for their evaluation. New possible methods for assessing combinational circuits’ reliability using machine learning are proposed.
The effect of moisture content on the mechanical properties of wood structure
Authors: Kherais Mohammad , Csébfalvi Anikó , Len Adél , Fülöp Attila , Pál-Schreiner Judit
Published: February 2024

In the last two decades, the utilization of timber in construction has gained increasing attention among researchers and sustainable building designers. Therefore, studies of climate impact on timber structures have been conducted, many of them focusing on the moisture content caused changes in timber. In the present study, four-point bending tests have been performed on three testing groups, containing 30 samples each. The first group has been tested under its natural conditions, while the second and the third groups were fully saturated with water. The third group was glazed with a protection material. The results show the changes in the modulus of elasticity and the modulus of rupture caused by the moisture content increase. In the same time the material behavior changed from brittle to semi-ductile or ductile for some samples.
State of local cervical immunity in women with infertility
Authors:   Kyiv City Centre for Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine, Ucraine, Sereda K.V.
Published: February 2024

Purpose - to study certain indicators of local immunity in women with infertility of various origins and early cervical lesions Materials and methods. The state of local cervical immunity was examined in 496 women, who were divided into groups depending on the cause of infertility, and each group was divided into subgroups A and B depending on the presence of cervical epithelial lesions. 128 women in the Group I had an endocrine cause, 122 patients in the Group II had a tubal-peritoneal factor of infertility, and 121 patients in the Group III had a male factor of fertility disorder. 125 healthy women formed the control group (CG). Subgroup A included women with NILM liquid cytology results: IA - 100 women, IIA - 70, IIIA - 68, GCA - 88. Subgroups B included women with ASC-US (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance), LSIL (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) and HSIL (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion): IB - 28 patients, IIB - 52, IIIB - 53, CGB - 37. In all patients, the content of interleukin-8 and -6 (IL-8, IL-6), lactoferrin and secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor in the material obtained for liquid cytology was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Results. In all patients with infertility, an increased concentration of secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor (from 314.1 to 398.7 pg/ml) and a decreased lactoferrin content (from 13.6 to 28.6 pg/ml) were found compared to the group of healthy women (114.8 and 64.8 pg/ml, respectively). In women with tubal and peritoneal infertility and male infertility, higher concentrations of IL-8 were found (659.9 to 878.8 pg/ml) than in the group of endocrine infertility (302.9 pg/ml) and in the group of healthy women (282.4 pg/ml). Conclusions. IL-8 content in cervical mucus is probably higher in women with tubal-peritoneal infertility (838 pg/ml) and male infertility (659.9 pg/ml) than in healthy women (289.4 pg/ml) and in women with endocrine infertility (302.3 pg/ml). The content of secretory inhibitor of leukocyte proteinase in cervical mucus was increased in all patients with infertility, regardless of its cause (from 314.1 pg/ml to 398.9 pg/ml), in the group of healthy women - 144.8 pg/ml. 3. The content of lactoferrin in the mucus of the cervical canal was reduced in all patients with impaired fertility (from 13.6 pg/ml to 28.6 pg/ml), in the group of healthy women - 64.8 pg/ml. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the author.
ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN THE INTERNAL FOUNDATION KHOIRU UMMAH CILACAP
Authors: Firdhaus Faidzin , Ikhtiagung Ganjar Ndaru , Hastuti Hety Dwi
Published: February 2024

As one type of non-profit entity, the Foundation has a mandate from the Law of the Republic of Indonesia to be able to manage its finances properly. This study was conducted related to the financial management relationship between Khoiru Ummah Cilacap Foundation and the business entities under it, which was carried out to find out the current management conditions, compare them with the ideal management principles, and provide a proposed road map for improving financial management. The research was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods by collecting data through interviews and observations, which will then be analyzed to obtain an overview of a problem. From the analysis of the data obtained, it is known that currently the financial management of the Foundation has not been fully integrated, so that it can be proposed to plan concrete steps for the integration of financial management so that the Foundation can optimize the liquidity and cash flow available for the sustainability of the Foundation's operations and all its business entities.
Pengaruh Kepercayaan dan Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Minat Masyarakat Membayar ZIS di LAZ Rumah Zakat Pusat
Authors: Khalwani Abdullah Mushlihuddin
Published: February 2024

In Indonesia, the inadequate realization of zakat, infaq and sadaqah (ZIS) capabilities requires specific attention. This is caused by several problems that need to be addressed with concrete solutions. Increasing public intention in paying ZIS through amil zakat institutions (LAZ) is one of the solutions. To reach these refinements, it is significant to build trust and provide quality services. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of trust and service quality on public intention in paying ZIS through LAZ Rumah Zakat Pusat.This research utilizes a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The findings of this study are that trust and service quality have a positive and significant effect on interest in paying ZIS at LAZ Rumah Zakat Pusat.
Ukryty sens. Viktor E. Frankl i Antoni Kępiński o cierpieniu i śmierci
Authors: Hornik Paulina
Published: February 2024

Publikacja jest próbą dostrzeżenia sensowności życia, zwłaszcza w jego trudnych aspektach, takich jak cierpienie i śmierć. Część pierwsza jest wprowadzeniem w tematykę książki. Poddane analizie są dwa życiorysy omawianych autorów oraz przedstawiona jest charakterystyka ich myśli, z zaakcentowaniem aspektów kluczowych dla ich koncepcji. W drugiej części ujęte są rozważania dotyczące sensu życia zwłaszcza w świetle logoterapii oraz przedstawione są najważniejsze myśli Frankla i Kępińskiego na temat cierpienia i śmierci (w przypadku Kępińskiego także w kontekście zagadnienia lęku, któremu poświęcił osobne dzieło). Ostatnia, trzecia część stanowi próbę dokonania porównawczej syntezy myśli obydwu twórców w odniesieniu do tanatopedagogiki. Stanowi to pewnego rodzaju novum pośród dotychczasowych badań w tym obszarze.