bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PERMULAAN MELALUI PERMAINAN KARTU HURUF PADA ANAK DI TK UMMI ASMAH RANTAUPRAPAT
Authors: Elviana Ritonga  , Suryatik  , Ismi Yulizar
Published: February 2023

Abstract—Abstrak Proses pembelajaran pada anak usia dini adalah usaha dalam membina anak pada usia 0-6 tahun dilakukan melalui pemberian rangsangan pembelajaran agar membantu pertumbuhan dan perkembangan jasmani dan rohani. Oleh karena itu kegiatan belajar anak usia dini sambil bermain. Bermain ialah dalam arti kata sebagai aktivitas agar memperoleh rasa senang dan tidak ada kata terpaksa atau penekanan dari orang lain. “Melalui permainan kartu huruf pada anak banyak konsep dasar dan pengetahuan yaitu seperti warna, ukuran, bentuk,dan arah yang merupakan dasar belajar membaca, berhitung, menulis,dan pengetahuan lainnya.
Pengaruh cahaya artifisial di malam hari (artificial light at night-ALAN) terhadap serangga
Authors: Mawan Amanda , Nazarreta Rizky , Kasmiatun  , Istiaji Bonjok , Hidayat Purnama , Buchori Damayanti
Published: February 2023

Populasi serangga menurun secara signifikan dalam beberapa dekade terakhir diakibatkan oleh faktor-faktor antropogenik, seperti deforestasi, perubahan sistem penggunaan lahan, perubahan iklim, dan penggunaan pestisida. Selain itu, serangga juga menghadapi berbagai tantangan, seperti polusi udara, polusi suara, dan polusi cahaya yang merupakan efek samping dari aktivitas manusia. Polusi cahaya berupa cahaya artifisial pada malam hari (artificial light at night–ALAN) merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab penurunan populasi serangga yang jarang diteliti di Indonesia. Kajian literatur ini merupakan sintesis dari bukti-bukti empiris dari hasil penelitian yang telah ada sehingga menghasilkan kajian yang komprehensif mengenai dampak ALAN terhadap serangga. Sebagian besar hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan populasi serangga di area dengan intensitas ALAN tinggi, seperti di perkotaan. Lebih lanjut, ALAN juga dilaporkan mengganggu sistem visual serangga yang mengakibatkan gangguan dalam proses mencari makan dan kemampuan menghindari predator. Sampai saat ini, sebagian besar penelitian yang berkaitan dengan cahaya artifisial di Indonesia lebih terfokus pada cahaya artifisial sebagai metode pengendalian hama. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penelitian terkait cahaya artifisial sebagai polutan sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman kita tentang pengaruh ALAN terhadap kelangsungan hidup serangga. Selain itu, juga untuk menemukan solusi yang sesuai untuk menciptakan kondisi yang ramah bagi berbagai organisme terutama organisme yang rentan terhadap cahaya, seperti serangga.
American Competitiveness of a More Productive Emerging Tech Economy Act (the American COMPETE Act) :
Authors: Kimball Kevin A , Hoehler Matthew
Published: February 2023

Under DIVISION FF, Title XV, §1501 of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021 (Public Law 116-260)-the "American Competitiveness Of a More Productive Emerging Tech Economy Act" (the "American COMPETE Act")-the United States Congress directed the Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with the Federal Trade Commission and other agencies, to prepare studies on the following technology areas that are expected to be critical to the global competitiveness, economic growth, and national security of the United States in the coming decades: Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things and Internet of Things in Manufacturing,Quantum Computing, Blockchain Technology, New and Advanced Materials, Unmanned Delivery Services, and Three-Dimensional Printing (included here as Additive Manufacturing).This document compiles chapters addressing each technology area.
Effects of once-weekly dulaglutide on juvenile type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in Korea: a pilot study
Authors: Seo Ji Young , Lee Cha Gon , Choi Hoonsung , Lee Hong Kyu , Lee So Young , Kim Hyo-Jeong , Jung Kyong Yeun , Kim Jin Taek
Published: February 2023

Purpose: We sought to investigate the effects and side effects of once-weekly dulaglutide treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients <18 years of age in Korea.Methods: : From the Eulji University Hospital database, we identified all patients <18 years of age diagnosed with T2DM and treated with dulaglutide from January 1, 2017, to July 31, 2022.Results: We identified 5 patients <18 years of age treated with dulaglutide for T2DM management. Their mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 16.6 (0.5) years. Four (80%) patients were female. The mean (SD) body mass index was 29.4 (5.1) kg/m2, and the mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 15.2 (1.6) years. Four patients had been treated previously with metformin alone or in combination with insulin. Four patients were treated with 1.5 mg of dulaglutide and one was treated with 0.75 mg of dulaglutide. The mean (SD) hemoglobin A1c concentrations at baseline, 3 months after treatment, and 1 year after treatment, respectively, were 10.0% (2.2%), 6.5% (1.5%), and 6.7% (1.4%), with significant differences. In addition, at baseline, 3 months after treatment, and 1 year after treatment, the mean (SD) body weight values were 79.7 (13.3) kg, 80.2 (14.0) kg, and 81.1 (15.3) kg, with no significant difference.Conclusion: Use of once-weekly dulaglutide for juvenile T2DM ensures very good glycemic control, with few side effects and good adherence, indicating its potential as a promising therapeutic agent in this age group. Nationwide studies are warranted to confirm our results.
Dokumenter i styringspraksis
Authors: Gad Christopher
Published: February 2023

Fra introduktionen:

Officielle  dokumenter:  rapporter,  evalueringer,  kontrakter  m.m.  spiller  en  stor  rolle  i  moderne  bureaukratisk  praksis,  hvor  de  bl.a. kan  ses  som  udtryk  for  forsøg  på  at  skabe  orden  i  komplekse  og  dynamiske virkeligheder med henblik på kunne handle og tage sty-­‐ringsmæssige initiativer. Når dokumenter spiller denne vigtige rolle, giver  det  anledning  til  at  undersøge,  hvordan  de  kan  analyseres  nærmere.  I  denne  artikel  vil  jeg  således  diskutere  dokumenter  og læsestrategier  på  tværs  af  etnografi  og  STS-­‐studier.  På  baggrund  deraf vil jeg foretage en læsning af udvalgte dokumenter, der cirkulerer i en aktuel bureaukratisk praksis, dansk fiskerikontrol og i den forbindelse sætte særligt fokus på styring.
The termination of UHRF1-dependent PAF15 ubiquitin signaling is regulated by USP7 and ATAD5
Authors: Miyashita Ryota , Nishiyama Atsuya , Qin Weihua , Chiba Yoshie , Kori Satomi , Kato Norie , Konishi Chieko , Kumamoto Soichiro , Kozuka-Hata Hiroko , Oyama Masaaki , Kawasoe Yoshitaka , Tsurimoto Toshiki , Takahashi Tatsuro S , Leonhardt Heinrich , Arita Kyohei , Nakanishi Makoto
Published: February 2023

UHRF1-dependent ubiquitin signaling plays an integral role in the regulation of maintenance DNA methylation. UHRF1 catalyzes transient dual mono-ubiquitylation of PAF15 (PAF15Ub2), which regulates the localization and activation of DNMT1 at DNA methylation sites during DNA replication. Although the initiation of UHRF1-mediated PAF15 ubiquitin signaling has been relatively well characterized, the mechanisms underlying its termination and how they are coordinated with the completion of maintenance DNA methylation have not yet been clarified. This study shows that deubiquitylation by USP7 and unloading by ATAD5 (ELG1 in yeast) are pivotal processes for the removal of PAF15 from chromatin. On replicating chromatin, USP7 specifically interacts with PAF15Ub2 in a complex with DNMT1. USP7 depletion or inhibition of the interaction between USP7 and PAF15 results in abnormal accumulation of PAF15Ub2 on chromatin. Furthermore, we also find that the non-ubiquitylated form of PAF15 (PAF15Ub0) is removed from chromatin in an ATAD5-dependent manner. PAF15Ub2 was retained at high levels on chromatin when the catalytic activity of DNMT1 was inhibited, suggesting that the completion of maintenance DNA methylation is essential for the termination of UHRF1-mediated ubiquitin signaling. This finding provides a molecular understanding of how the maintenance DNA methylation machinery is disassembled at the end of the S phase.
Cellular composition and circuit organization of the locus coeruleus of adult mice
Authors: McKinney Andrew , Hu Ming , Hoskins Amber , Mohammadyar Arian , Naeem Nabeeha , Jing Junzhan , Patel Saumil S , Sheth Bhavin R , Jiang Xiaolong
Published: February 2023

The locus coeruleus (LC) houses the vast majority of noradrenergic neurons in the brain and regulates many fundamental functions, including fight and flight response, attention control, and sleep/wake cycles. While efferent projections of the LC have been extensively investigated, little is known about its local circuit organization. Here, we performed large-scale multipatch recordings of noradrenergic neurons in adult mouse LC to profile their morpho-electric properties while simultaneously examining their interactions. LC noradrenergic neurons are diverse and could be classified into two major morpho-electric types. While fast excitatory synaptic transmission among LC noradrenergic neurons was not observed in our preparation, these mature LC neurons connected via gap junction at a rate similar to their early developmental stage and comparable to other brain regions. Most electrical connections form between dendrites and are restricted to narrowly spaced pairs or small clusters of neurons of the same type. In addition, more than two electrically coupled cell pairs were often identified across a cohort of neurons from individual multicell recording sets that followed a chain-like organizational pattern. The assembly of LC noradrenergic neurons thus follows a spatial and cell-type-specific wiring principle that may be imposed by a unique chain-like rule.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Italian population-based cancer screening activities and test coverage: Results from national cross-sectional repeated surveys in 2020
Authors: Giorgi Rossi Paolo , Carrozzi Giuliano , Falini Patrizia , Sampaolo Letizia , Gorini Giuseppe , Zorzi Manuel , Armaroli Paola , Senore Carlo , Sassoli de Bianchi Priscilla , Masocco Maria , Zappa Marco , Battisti Francesca , Mantellini Paola
Published: February 2023

Background:

In Italy, regions have the mandate to implement population-based screening programs for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer. From March to May 2020, a severe lockdown was imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic by the Italian Ministry of Health, with the suspension of screening programs. This paper describes the impact of the pandemic on Italian screening activities and test coverage in 2020 overall and by socioeconomic characteristics.

Methods:

The regional number of subjects invited and of screening tests performed in 2020 were compared with those in 2019. Invitation and examination coverage were also calculated. PASSI surveillance system, through telephone interviews, collects information about screening test uptake by test provider (public screening and private opportunistic). Test coverage and test uptake in the last year were computed by educational attainment, perceived economic difficulties, and citizenship.

Results:

A reduction of subjects invited and tests performed, with differences between periods and geographical macro areas, was observed in 2020 vs. 2019. The reduction in examination coverage was larger than that in invitation coverage for all screening programs. From the second half of 2020, the trend for test coverage showed a decrease in all the macro areas for all the screening programs. Compared with the pre-pandemic period, there was a greater difference according to the level of education in the odds of having had a test last year vs. never having been screened or not being up to date with screening tests.

Conclusions:

The lockdown and the ongoing COVID-19 emergency caused an important delay in screening activities. This increased the preexisting individual and geographical inequalities in access. The opportunistic screening did not mitigate the impact of the pandemic.

Funding:

This study was partially supported by Italian Ministry of Health – Ricerca Corrente Annual Program 2023 and by the Emilian Region DGR 839/22.
Evolved bacterial resistance to the chemotherapy gemcitabine modulates its efficacy in co-cultured cancer cells
Authors: Sayin Serkan , Rosener Brittany , Li Carmen G , Ho Bao , Ponomarova Olga , Ward Doyle V , Walhout Albertha JM , Mitchell Amir
Published: February 2023

Drug metabolism by the microbiome can influence anticancer treatment success. We previously suggested that chemotherapies with antimicrobial activity can select for adaptations in bacterial drug metabolism that can inadvertently influence the host’s chemoresistance. We demonstrated that evolved resistance against fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy lowered its efficacy in worms feeding on drug-evolved bacteria (Rosener et al., 2020). Here, we examine a model system that captures local interactions that can occur in the tumor microenvironment. Gammaproteobacteria-colonizing pancreatic tumors can degrade the nucleoside-analog chemotherapy gemcitabine and, in doing so, can increase the tumor’s chemoresistance. Using a genetic screen in Escherichia coli, we mapped all loss-of-function mutations conferring gemcitabine resistance. Surprisingly, we infer that one third of top resistance mutations increase or decrease bacterial drug breakdown and therefore can either lower or raise the gemcitabine load in the local environment. Experiments in three E. coli strains revealed that evolved adaptation converged to inactivation of the nucleoside permease NupC, an adaptation that increased the drug burden on co-cultured cancer cells. The two studies provide complementary insights on the potential impact of microbiome adaptation to chemotherapy by showing that bacteria–drug interactions can have local and systemic influence on drug activity.
The gene expression landscape of the human locus coeruleus revealed by single-nucleus and spatially-resolved transcriptomics
Authors: Weber Lukas M. , Divecha Heena R. , Tran Matthew N. , Kwon Sang Ho , Spangler Abby , Montgomery Kelsey D. , Tippani Madhavi , Bharadwaj Rahul , Kleinman Joel E. , Page Stephanie C. , Hyde Thomas M. , Collado-Torres Leonardo , Maynard Kristen R. , Martinowich Keri , Hicks Stephanie C.
Published: February 2023

Norepinephrine (NE) neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) project widely throughout the central nervous system, playing critical roles in arousal and mood, as well as various components of cognition including attention, learning, and memory. The LC-NE system is also implicated in multiple neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Importantly, LC-NE neurons are highly sensitive to degeneration in both Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Despite the clinical importance of the brain region and the prominent role of LC-NE neurons in a variety of brain and behavioral functions, a detailed molecular characterization of the LC is lacking. Here, we used a combination of spatially-resolved transcriptomics and single-nucleus RNA-sequencing to characterize the molecular landscape of the LC region and the transcriptomic profile of LC-NE neurons in the human brain. We provide a freely accessible resource of these data in web-accessible formats.
CAGE17-2 Cruise Report: Gas hydrate deposits and methane seepages in Storfjordrenna, Northern Flank of Olga Basin, and West Sentralbanken (Barents Sea): Biogeochemical and biological investigations
Authors: Panieri Giuliana , Alexandropoulou Nikolitsa , Bruvik Kine L. , Carrier Vincent , Dessandier Pierre-Antoine , Dølven Knut Ola , Valberg Espen , Fornari Daniel , Gründger Friederike , Kurras Gregory J. , Yao Haoyi , Holm Truls , Lindgren Matteus , Melaniuk Katarzyna , Olsen Bjørn R. , Ofstad Siri , Patton Henry , Romeyn Rowan , Sauer Simone , Sen Arunima , Sert Mohamed
Published: February 2023

The main goal of CAGE 17-2 AMGG cruise was to study the gas-hydrate-bearing system and methane emission off south and east of Spitsbergen in Storfjordrenna and the northern flank of Olga Basin (named here Olga craters) respectively, and in the West Sentralbanken.
We addressed this through a comprehensive scientific program comprising dives with the MISO-Tow Cam adapted to the multicorer frame from UiT-NPI (TowCam/Multicorer, TCM), methane measurements in sediments, water column, and in air, sediment coring (multicorer + gravity corer), water column and sediment biogeochemistry, microbiology, micropaleontology, and bathymetric mapping.
Cruise CAGE 17-2 was also hosting this year’s AMGG research school cruise with masters, PhD and post-doc students participating.
The areas investigated were:
Storfjordrenna, Pingos site (ca 380 m water depth),Northern Flank of Olga Basin (ca 140 m water depth)West Sentralbanken (ca 200 m water depth)
We planned the following activities during the CAGE 17-2 cruise:
EM 302 Simrad swath bathymetry mapping to identify seabed morphology
Mapping of flare distributionsCTD stations at different water depths and in different areas for measurements ofocean water masses characteristics, andwater sampling for water/gas chemistry and microbiology investigations across methane seeps.TCM surveys (video-camera) to image seabed fluid flow expressions, sites of bacteria mats, crusts and gas bubbles.Repeated deployments with TCM to sample surficial and shallow sediments with respect to microbiology, geochemistry, biogeochemistry, and micropaleontology.Gravity corer for studying sediment biogeochemistry, biomarkers, microbiology, and foraminifera.Scrape sampling to collect rocks and crusts.Gas Chromatographer (GC) to measure methane concentration in the water and sediment samples.Flasks Restek, Electro-Polished Miniature Canister (1000 cc) for air samples.
Part of the cruise was supported by NPD, Oljedirektoratet. Special thanks to Rune Mattingsdal, NPD.
The cruise may be known as: CAGE17_2
Integrating multi-type aberrations from DNA and RNA through dynamic mapping gene space for subtype-specific breast cancer driver discovery
Authors: Xi Jianing , Deng Zhen , Liu Yang , Wang Qian , Shi Wen
Published: February 2023

Driver event discovery is a crucial demand for breast cancer diagnosis and therapy. In particular, discovering subtype-specificity of drivers can prompt the personalized biomarker discovery and precision treatment of cancer patients. Still, most of the existing computational driver discovery studies mainly exploit the information from DNA aberrations and gene interactions. Notably, cancer driver events would occur due to not only DNA aberrations but also RNA alternations, but integrating multi-type aberrations from both DNA and RNA is still a challenging task for breast cancer drivers. On the one hand, the data formats of different aberration types also differ from each other, known as data format incompatibility. On the other hand, different types of aberrations demonstrate distinct patterns across samples, known as aberration type heterogeneity. To promote the integrated analysis of subtype-specific breast cancer drivers, we design a “splicing-and-fusing” framework to address the issues of data format incompatibility and aberration type heterogeneity simultaneously. To overcome the data format incompatibility, the “splicing-step” employs a knowledge graph structure to connect multi-type aberrations from the DNA and RNA data into a unified formation. To tackle the aberration type heterogeneity, the “fusing-step” adopts a dynamic mapping gene space integration approach to represent the multi-type information by vectorized profiles. The experiments also demonstrate the advantages of our approach in both the integration of multi-type aberrations from DNA and RNA and the discovery of subtype-specific breast cancer drivers. In summary, our “splicing-and-fusing” framework with knowledge graph connection and dynamic mapping gene space fusion of multi-type aberrations data from DNA and RNA can successfully discover potential breast cancer drivers with subtype-specificity indication.
Digital Recruitment Technology Implementation: A Study of Select Companies in Yadadri Bhuvanagiri Dist. of Telangana State, India
Authors: Venkatesh D. , Jakka Suresh Reddy
Published: February 2023

The power of digital technology has brought many changes in human life. From the past two decades, the majority of the things, entities, businesses and market have been using digital technology in the name of E-Business, E-Market, and E-Recruitment, and Ecommerce. Now, it’s time to be evidence for Digital Recruitment by organizations. With the pace of development in telecommunication and digital technology, companies depend more on technology rather than traditional method for various activities. Most of the companies are using digital technology to implement HR practices and using digital tools like digital data, chat bot technology, Artificial Intelligence HR, AI recruitment, cloud HR. These tools are helping companies in identifying the vacant positions and notifying the vacant positions, Majority of the IT Companies are adopted the above technologies, but few companies are resisting in adopting the new technology for recruiting the employees. The core objective of this research paper is to identify the differences in usage of digital technology by organizations in recruiting employees in rural and urban areas. For this purpose we identified the companies located in the rural and urban area of Telangana state.

In this research paper we used 5 points Likert scale questionnaire to collect the primary data from HR managers of the select companies that are located in Yadadri Bhuvanagiri Dist of Telangana State. The data has been collected through Google forms. The sample is selected by a convenience sample method. The data was analyzed with the help of SPSS 28.0.0.0, MS-Excel and after all the analysis we came to a conclusion that there is no significant difference in technology usage in Rural and Urban areas, in recruiting the employees.
Street Level Bureaucracy and Institutional Alienation Implementation of National Policy on Education for All: A Study of Cambodia
Authors: Hussain Ibupoto Mukhtiar , Shi Zhou Lou , Burhan Ashraf Muhammad , Khio Boravin
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this research has identified unexpected outcomes from the implementation of Cambodia National Policy on Education for All (NPEA) from 2000 until 2015 where the poor and vulnerable have shown negative reaction to their right for Education for All (EFA) from Cambodian Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MoEYS) in reconstructing human capital and alleviating poverty toward the attainment of developed country in 2050. A mixed method study was conducted in two phases in which surveys and focus-group discussions with participants such as students, parents and officers in charge several communities and all districts across Phnom Penh; the capital city of Cambodia. It has found that there were production of institutional alienation practices performing by street-level bureaucrats during the 15 years periods of EFA implication which had provoked adverse outcomes in socio-economic disparity and inequity to different income groups assessment. Suggestions for policy makers and changes in practice for sustainable framework have also been addressed for continuing EFA policy implementation in Cambodia toward Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030.
Effects of Levetiracetam Monotherapy on Vitamin D Status and Serum Calcium in Children with Epilepsy
Authors: Maher Zidan Asmaa , Abd El Azim Abd El Aziz Sahar , Ahmed El-Serogy Hesham , Mohammed El-Sawy Doaa
Published: February 2023

Background: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that affects people of all ages, races, and social classes, but it can be especially devastating to a growing child. Adults and children experience fractures 2-6 times more frequently than the general population due to the adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs on bone mineral density or vitamin D (Vit. D) levels.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of levetiracetam monotherapy on Vit. D status and minerals of bone metabolism (serum calcium (S.Ca.), phosphorus (P), and alkaline phosphatase (Alk. P.) in epileptic children.

Patients: Fifty children with epilepsy (27 boys and 23 girls, mean age 7.78 ± 3.66 years), who had generalized (19) or partial seizures (31) and had been treated with levetiracetam monotherapy for at least six months or more, were enrolled in this study. Another thirty healthy children (16 boy and 14 girls, mean age 6.37 ± 3.45), were chosen to serve as a control group.

Results: The mean S.Ca. , P, and 25-OH Vit. D levels were significantly lower in epileptic children treated with levetiracetam than in healthy control children (p-value <0.05), but the mean serum Alk. P. level was significantly higher (p-value < 0.01). This study also showed that there were significant inverse correlations between the serum 25-OH Vit. D levels and both the serum levels (p-value < 0.001) and the duration (p-value < 0.013) of levetiracetam treatment in the epileptic children.

Conclusion: Vit. D deficiency is common in epileptic children without abnormal underlying conditions who have received levetiracetam as a monotherapy for at least six months.
Constraints Faced By the Small-Scale Farmers in the Production of Major Crops Sorghum and Maize in Awdal Region, Somaliland
Authors: Abdilahi Ali Muhiyadin , Karim Md. Rezaul , Osman Mohamed Abdi
Published: February 2023

The study aimed at exploring constraints faced by small-scale farmers in the production of major crops such as Sorghum and Maize; and find out their relationship with the selected characteristics of the farmers with the constraints they faced. The small-scale farmers of Baki, Dilla, Sabawanag, and Idhanks under the Borama and Baki districts were the respondents of the study. Data were collected by using a pre-tested structured interview schedule with a randomly selected sample of 92 farmers from a population of 1,250 farmers. Results indicated that among ten selected characters of the farmers, education, cosmopolites, training received, knowledge of climate change, and extension media contact showed a positive significant relationship with the constraints faced by the small-scale farmers in the production of major crops like sorghum and maize. On the other hand, farm size, land cultivation area, and annual income showed a negative significant relationship. The rest of the characteristics such as age and farming experience did not show any significant relationship with the constraints faced by the farmers. The results also showed that the highest proportion of the farmers (65.2 percent) faced medium constraints, while 22.8 percent and 12.0 percent of them faced low and high constraints, respectively. Among the 18 selected constraints, the highest constraints facing index (CFI) was found for ‘attack of diseases and pests in crop field’ which is 276 and the lowest was ‘lack of co-operation from family members with a score of 56. The study suggests that these constraints need to be solved to ensure food security and increase agricultural production in Awdal Region, Somaliland.
Rediscovery of Common Bean Landraces in Tribal Regions of Balaghat (MP), India
Authors: Bisen Pratibha , Goswami Pooja , Bisen Dharna , Karcho Shraddha
Published: February 2023

Phaseolus vulgaris L. is one of the most important legume grains for human as well as animal consumption direct and indirect Internationally. This crop shows a great phenotypic variation, which enables its production in a wide range of agroecosystems and cropping systems. These species are considered superfoods, but yet many of them are not part of our diets. In the tribal blocks of Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh (Baihar, Birsa, Paraswada, Lanji, and Kirnapur) A great genetic diversity in common bean (P. vulgaris) observed in wild populations, traditional varieties, and primitive landraces as well as been maintained at the College of Agriculture in Balaghat (MP).

The importance of common bean landraces in agriculture cannot be neglected. Beans are rich in a variety of nutrients and a convenient plant source of protein and dietary fiber. Unbalanced food affects billions of people worldwide, leading to malnutrition and socio-economic complications as well.  Many primitive landraces have medicinal properties, they contain folate, iron, thiamin, vitamin K, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and potassium it has an effective impact on human health such as promoting heart health, maintaining blood sugar, enhancing digestive functions, and repairing the body and supporting weight loss. Beans are edible in fresh, And canned forms. Dry beans are rich sources of iron also and this is so important for vegetarians and vegans as substitutes for nutrients from animal sources, especially iron. Conservation of genetic resources of common bean species in suitable banks is an important pillar for international food security.
Morpho-molecular Identification and Pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum Pathogens Associated with Vascular wilt in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Authors: Shahiba A. M. , Jayalekshmy V. G. , Sajeena A. , Chacko Arun
Published: February 2023

Fusarium oxysporum (Fo), causes vascular wilt in cowpea is a serious pathogen, which leads to severe yield loss and high plant mortality. Variability among the pathogen is very low, due to the lack of sexual reproduction, and low mutation rate. In this study ten different isolates of Fo, collected from various of locations, were evaluated and tested for morphology, molecular biology, and pathogenicity as well. Fo consists of asexual spores, macroconidia, microconidia and chlamydospores, with varied dimensions and produced some pigments in culture media. Sand maize media (10%) was used in pathogenicity test and was found the best than other methods for screening Fo in cowpea. The Fo DNA were amplified with Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) primer and the obtained sequences were deposited in the gene bank (GenBank) database. The sequences were compared with the available database and showed 99-100% homology with Fo. Whereas, the phylogenetic study revealed that the isolates were not distant from Fusarium species. The phylogenetic analysis helps to understand the evolutionary relationship among the species identified.
How to Manage Relations Facing Accumulated Supply Chain Disturbances: Pandemic, War and Ripple Effects
Authors: Kamann Dirk-Jan F. , Tatai Ágnes
Published: February 2023

How to develop a suitable management style to manage external Supply Chain network relations in the light of unprecedented external disturbances like the Covid pandemic, Ukraine war and inevitable ripple effects caused by explosions or strikes? Impacts in terms of increased lead times, uncertainty about the time required by suppliers and buyers for decision making. But, it also should be suitable in dealing with quite different types of managerial attitudes encountered. The mixed-methods analysis of a 3 tier supply network around a small focal printing company shows that (1) total lead time for raw materials, production and delivery went up from 9 days to 60 days or more. It not only meant increased uncertainty for the focal company but also for its B2B buyers; (2) the decision time of buyers responding to requests to accommodate changes enforced by scarcity or increased lead time of raw materials varied between 3 and 41 days, depending of the size of the buying firm where four size categories were used. Small SMEs were fast deciders but being mostly negative in attitude; multinationals were slow but more flexible and cooperative. (3): zooming in on the managerial or human attitudes encountered in 100 contacts with buyers revealed 9 different human attitudes that could be clustered into a scale with two extremes: Total denial (selfish, exploitative, demanding, brutal, ignorant, helpless) versus Total flexibility (cooperative, tolerant, inspiring). (4) To deal with these different attitudes employee training is recommended, using the DiSC portfolio model invented by William Moulton Marston, standing for Dominance, Influence, Steadiness and Compliance (sometimes referred to as Conscientiousness).
mRNA encoding the translation initiation factor eIF‐4E is expressed early in Xenopus embryogenesis
Authors: Wakiyama Motoaki , Saigoh Motoki , Shiokawa Koichiro , Miura Kin-ichiro
Published: July 2002

The translation initiation factor eIF‐4E plays an important role in regulating the overall rate of translation in eukaryotic cells. To investigate the expression of eIF‐4E itseIF, we characterized the eIF‐4E mRNA expressed in Xenopus embryos. 5′‐RACE was performed to determine the 5′‐end of the mRNA and the result predicts isoforms differing at the amino‐terminal end. Expression of the eIF‐4E mRNA in Xenopus oocytes and embryos was examined by RT‐PCR. Xenopus eIF‐4E mRNA is produced during oogenesis and persists during the early stages of embryogenesis as a maternal mRNA.
Dysplasia and HPV infection initially detected by DNA analysis in cytomorphologically normal cervical smears
Authors: Saito J. , Sumiyoshi M. , Nakatani H. , Ikeda M. , Hoshiai H. , Noda K.
Published: July 2002

Objective: We examined the relationship between the risk of dysplasia and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection initially detected by DNA analysis in Japanese women with cytomorphologically normal cervical smears. Method: We applied the polymerase chain reaction method to detect HPV DNA in 800 women and subsequently followed up 49 women positive for HPV DNA. Results: HPV 16 or HPV 18 DNA was detected in 53 (6.6%) of 800 women with normal smears (negative). During the follow‐up period (23 months), the presence of HPV DNA could not be detected in 41 (83.7%) of 49 women after its initial presence. The remaining eight women had repeated HPV DNA, and four of these eight women had lesions that progressed to mild dysplasia. Conclusion: The results indicated that some women with cytomorphologically normal smears may have HPV DNA which can be transient, and persistence of HPV types 16 or 18 DNA plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cervical dysplasia.
Apoptosis and megakaryocytic differentiation during ex vivo expansion of human cord blood CD34+ cells using thrombopoietin
Authors: Ryu Kyung‐Ha , Chun Susan , Carbonierre Steve , Im Seock‐Ah , Kim Hyung‐Lae , Shin Myeong Heon , Shin Hee‐Young , Ahn Hyo‐Seop , Woo So‐Youn , Seoh Ju‐Young , Fraser John K.
Published: July 2002

Thrombopoietin (TPO), the primary regulator of megakaryocytopoiesis, plays important roles in early haematopoiesis. Previously, we have demonstrated that TPO induces a characteristic pattern of apoptosis during ex vivo expansion of cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells. In this study, we have demonstrated that the TPO‐induced apoptotic cells belong to the megakaryocytic (MK) lineage and that initially expanding MK progenitors declined along with the appearance of TPO‐induced apoptosis. Human CB CD34+ cells were expanded in serum‐free conditions with TPO. Multidimensional flow cytometry using simultaneous measurement of apoptosis and immunophenotyping showed that the TPO‐induced apoptotic cells appeared in CD61+ fractions. Immunocytochemical analysis of the fluorescent activated cell‐sorted fractions showed that the apoptosis‐associated CD44low fraction expressed CD61. Clonogenic assay revealed 7·4 ± 0·50‐fold increase of total megakaryocyte colony‐forming units (CFU‐MKs) during the initial 9 d. Thereafter, the number of CFU‐MKs decreased in parallel with the increase of apoptosis. When the MK colonies were subdivided according to size, the proportion of large colonies progressively decreased, while that of medium and small colonies increased. In particular, from d 6 small colonies became predominant. These results suggested that the MK progenitors matured as they expanded during ex vivo expansion with TPO and then proceeded to apoptosis.
Diabetes, fasting blood glucose and age‐related maculopathy: The Blue Mountains Eye Study
Authors: Mitchell Paul , Wang Jie Jin
Published: July 2002

Purpose: As diabetes is associated with other causes of visual loss (cataract, glaucoma) and elevated plasma fibrinogen, a risk factor for age‐related maculopathy (ARM), our aim was to assess whether an association existed between diabetes and ARM.

Methods: After exclusions, 3228 persons aged 49–97 years were studied. Diabetes was assessed from history or fasting glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L. Early and late ARM were graded from stereoscopic photographs.

Results: Late ARM (neovascular AMD or geographical atrophy) was found in 61 subjects (1.9%) while early ARM (large soft drusen and/or retinal pigment changes) was found in 171 (5.2%) subjects. Diabetes was present in 276 subjects (8.6%). Late ARM was present in 3.3% of subjects with and in 1.8% without diabetes. However, after adjusting for ARM risk factors, this difference was not statistically significant (OR 2.0; CI 0.9–4.6). Geographic atrophy was significantly associated with diabetes (OR 4.0; CI 1.6–10.3), but no association was found with either exudative ARM (OR 1.2; CI 0.4–3.5) or early ARM (OR 1.0; CI 0.5–1.8). No ARM associations were found with impaired fasting glucose.

Conclusions: This study has found no consistent relationship between diabetes and ARM, apart from a statistically significant association with geographical atrophy alone.
Large anisotropy in the upper critical field of sputtered thin films of superconducting Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O
Authors: Kang J. H. , Gray K. E. , Kampwirth R. T. , Day D. W.
Published: July 2002

The upper critical field Bc2 provides the most direct measure of the intrinsic anisotropy of a superconductor. For highly oriented, sputtered thin films of the high-temperature superconductor Tl2Ba2CaCu2Ox, we find a Bc2 anisotropy of at least 70, which exceeds similar measurements on thin films and single crystals of the high-temperature superconductors Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O and YBa2Cu3Oy. We discuss why the midpoints of the resistive transitions, used in these measurements, may be appropriate for defining the intrinsic Bc2.
Dielectric characteristics of fluorinated ultradry SiO2
Authors: Nishioka Yasushiro , Ohji Yuzuru , Mukai Kiichiro , Sugano Takuo , Wang Yu , Ma T. P.
Published: July 2002

Improvement of dielectric breakdown characteristics and hot-electron-induced interface degradation of metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors having fluorinated ultradry oxides has been demonstrated. The fluorine is introduced through HF surface treatment of Si prior to oxidation. Secondary-ion mass spectrometry data indicate that SiF distribution is peaked both at the surface of the oxide and at the SiO2/Si interface in the fluorinated ultradry oxide. The possible role of fluorine on the improvement of the dielectric characteristics will be discussed.
Heterojunction field-effect transistors based on AlGaSb/InAs
Authors: Luo L. F. , Beresford R. , Wang W. I. , Munekata H.
Published: July 2002

We have fabricated the first InAs-channel field-effect transistor, which shows a transconductance of 180 mS/mm at 1 V drain-source bias (77 K). An improved buffer layer could significantly improve the device performance. In addition, we propose a new broken-gap heterojunction field-effect transistor based on these materials that could provide an order of magnitude higher transconductance compared to existing device configurations based on AlGaAs/GaAs.
Electroabsorption and electrorefraction in GaAs/AlGaAs waveguides containing asymmetric coupled quantum wells
Authors: Steijn K. W. , Leavitt R. P. , Little J. W.
Published: July 2002

Changes in the optical phase and transmission with applied electric fields were measured in GaAs/AlGaAs waveguides containing asymmetric coupled quantum wells. At sufficiently high applied bias, the lowest energy optical transition supported by this system is that between the lowest energy hole subband of the wide well and the lowest energy electron subband of the narrow well. We show that this interwell transition produces significant contributions to both the electroabsorption and the electrorefraction in the coupled quantum well system.
Room-temperature electroabsorption and switching in a GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice
Authors: Bar-Joseph I. , Goossen K. W. , Kuo J. M. , Kopf R. F. , Miller D. A. B. , Chemla D. S.
Published: July 2002

We report room-temperature observation of Wannier–Stark localization in a GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice. We show that large modulation can be obtained over a wide spectral range and demonstrate the operation of a self-electro-optic effect device.
Dynamic etch mask technique for fabricating tapered semiconductor optical waveguides and other structures
Authors: Shahar A. , Tomlinson W. J. , Yi-Yan A. , Seto M. , Deri R. J.
Published: July 2002

Using a novel dynamic etch mask technique and wet chemical etchants, we have produced semiconductor structures with tapered thicknesses, with horizontal slope angles as small as 0.9°. With this technique we have fabricated GaAs/GaAlAs rib optical waveguides in which the etch depth tapered from 0.2 to 1.0 μm over a distance of 50 μm, resulting in a 2× change in mode size, with an excess taper loss of less than 0.2 dB. The technique is capable of producing tapers in different orientations, at arbitrary locations on a sample, and appears to be useful for a wide variety of materials systems and devices.
Cathodoluminescence imaging of patterned quantum well heterostructures grown on nonplanar substrates by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Clausen E. M. , Kapon E. , Kapon E. , Tamargo M. C. , Hwang D. M.
Published: July 2002

We report cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of patterned GaAs/AlAs quantum well (QW) heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy on periodically corrugated substrates. Faceting and surface diffusion during crystal growth result in significant lateral variations in QW thickness which translate quantum size effects into lateral band-gap patterning. The CL images directly display lateral periodic modulation in quantum well thickness and indicate the existence of two lateral potential wells formed at the bottom and apex of corrugations. Emission wavelengths are in agreement with TEM data on the patterned structures. Such periodic patterned QW heterostructures should be useful for the realization of arrayed one- and zero-dimensional semiconductor quantum structures, particularly lateral superlattice heterostructures.
dc and microwave negative differential conductance in GaAs/AlAs superlattices
Authors: Sibille A. , Palmier J. F. , Wang H. , Esnault J. C. , Mollot F.
Published: July 2002

Negative differential conductance (NDC) at 300 K in n+-nn+-GaAs/AlAs superlattice structures biased perpendicularly to the layers is demonstrated, and shown to be strongly enhanced at microwave frequencies close to the inverse transit time of electrons. The deduced electron velocities are in fair agreement with those independently determined in undoped superlattices where NDC was inhibited by the electric field nonuniformity. From the analysis of the experimental data, we show that NDC is a bulk superlattice effect, not related to ‘‘quantum defects,’’ e.g., enlarged barriers.
Reduction in misfit dislocation density by the selective growth of Si1−xGex/Si in small areas
Authors: Noble D. B. , Hoyt J. L. , King C. A. , Gibbons J. F. , Kamins T. I. , Scott M. P.
Published: July 2002

Si1−xGex and Si layers have been grown selectively in the exposed Si regions on oxide-patterned 〈100〉 oriented Si wafers using the chemical vapor deposition technique limited reaction processing. Misfit dislocation spacings at the heterointerface were measured using plan-view transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with a large-area thinning technique which allows for examination of 100–150 μm diameter areas. The dislocation density is reduced by at least a factor of 20 for small areas (lateral dimensions: tens of microns) bounded by oxide isolation when compared to adjacent large areas (millimeters) which are uninterrupted by the patterned oxide. The ability to selectively grow Si1−xGex on patterned wafers and the area-dependent reduction in dislocation density in as-grown films may be important considerations for future device applications using Si1−xGex strained layers.
Tailored thin films of a superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu oxide prepared by incorporation of exotic atoms—control of the distance between CuO2 layers
Authors: Tabata Hitoshi , Murata Osamu , Kawai Tomoji , Kawai Shichio
Published: July 2002

A layer-by-layer successive deposition method utilizing laser ablation has been applied to the site-selective incorporation of +1, +2, and +3 ions at the Ca and Sr site of Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8 superconducting films. The replacement of Ca by larger ions increases the lattice parameter c and Tc simultaneously, while the replacement of Sr does not. These changes are explained by structure models of Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8, and the correlation between Tc and the lattice parameter c is explained on the basis of the distance between CuO2 layers, indicating the importance of the interaction among CuO2 layers.
Large photoconductive gain in quantum well infrared photodetectors
Authors: Hasnain G. , Levine B. F. , Gunapala S. , Chand Naresh
Published: July 2002

We demonstrate for the first time that a quantum well infrared photodetector based on bound-to-continuum state intersubband transitions can have a photoconductive gain much greater than unity similar to extrinsic photoconductors. An optical gain g=8.1 was determined by comparing the optical absorption, responsivity, and noise characteristics of two multiquantum well detectors which were identical in every respect except for having a different number of periods (2 and 20). The results suggest that since the photocarrier lifetime τL is not transit time limited, detector optimization to increase τL or optical coupling can be expected to lead to an improved detectivity D*.
Decomposition of trimethylgallium on the gallium-rich GaAs (100) surface: Implications for atomic layer epitaxy
Authors: Creighton J. Randall , Lykke Keith R. , Shamamian Vasgen A. , Kay Bruce D.
Published: July 2002

The decomposition of trimethylgallium (TMGa) on the gallium-rich (4×6) and (1×6) GaAs (100) surface was studied with temperature programmed desorption, Auger electron spectroscopy, and low-energy electron diffraction. TMGa was found to dissociatively chemisorb on the gallium-rich surfaces, apparently at the gallium vacancies that exist on these surfaces. We have unambiguously identified methyl radicals desorbing from the surface with the maximum rate at ∼440 °C following a saturation TMGa exposure. Since TMGa was shown to decompose on the clean, gallium-rich GaAs (100) surfaces, the self-limiting deposition of gallium during atomic layer epitaxy must be due to the presence of surface methyl groups which inhibit further TMGa dissociative chemisorption.
Chemical kinetics of hydrogen and (111) Si-SiO2 interface defects
Authors: Brower K. L. , Myers S. M.
Published: July 2002

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements and theoretical considerations have yielded a unified model for the hydrogen chemistry of silicon dangling bond Pb defects at the (111)  Si-SiO2 interface. Previous EPR measurements indicated that passivation of Pb centers with H2 proceeds by the reaction H2+Pb→HPb+H with an activation energy of 1.66±0.06 eV. New EPR studies reported here show that HPb centers dissociate by the reaction HPb→Pb+H with an activation energy of 2.56±0.06 eV. When combined, these two reactions yield H2→H+H, which in vacuum requires an energy input of 4.52 eV. Comparison of these energies indicates that the reverse reactions H+HPb→Pb+H2 and H+Pb→HPb occur with essentially no energy barrier and are controlled by the local availability of atomic hydrogen.