bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in protein patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by silver nanoparticles capped with poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) polymer
Authors: Tamiyakul Hathaichanok , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Jaresitthikunchai Janthima , Phaonakrop Narumon , Tanasupawat Somboon , Warisnoicharoen Warangkana
Published: December 2019

Background

While silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly attractive as an antibacterial agent in many applications, the effect of AgNPs on bacterial protein profiles, especially AgNPs stabilized by polymeric molecules, is not well understood.

Objectives

To investigate the changes in bacterial protein patterns by AgNPs capped with poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (AgNPs-PSSMA) polymer toward Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.

Methods

The growth of bacteria after incubated with AgNPs-PSSMA for different time intervals was determined by optical density at 600 nm. Their protein patterns were observed using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and the proteomic analysis of extracted proteins was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS).

Results

AgNPs-PSSMA was able to inhibit the growth of both S. aureus and E. coli cells. The treated bacterial cells expressed more proteins than the untreated cells as seen from SDS-PAGE study. Nanosilver (NS) caused the upregulation of metabolic gene, waaA, in S. aureus cells. For E. coli cells, the upregulated proteins were metabolic genes (srlB, fliE, murD) and other genes dealt with DNA replication (dinG), DNA–RNA transcription (yrdD), RNA– protein translation (rplD), molecular transport (sapF), and signal transduction (tdcF).

Conclusions

The antibacterial effect of AgNPs-PSSMA may arise by changing the bacterial proteins and thus interfering with the normal cell function.
Application of 239,240 Pu, 137Cs and heavy metals for dating of river sediments
Authors: Ciszewski Dariusz , Łokas Edyta
Published: December 2019

The periodical nature of overbank sediment accumulation makes their detailed dating much more difficult than dating sediments in water reservoirs. To improve the commonly used dating with 137Cs, we combined this method with Pu isotopes and heavy metals in order to date sediments of the Chechło River (southern Poland), which was polluted by a lead-zinc mine. We analyzed 137Cs, Pu isotopes and heavy metal concentrations in three profiles of overbank sediments and in two profiles of subsidence basins in the lower river reach. The results indicate a lower accuracy and higher uncertainty of the overbank than the dating of reservoir sediments. The application of plutonium isotopes provided very important information validating caesium peaks or providing the principal information regarding horizons dated with heavy metals. The obtained dates give the earliest possible age of particular horizons with the actual sediment deposition delayed by several to a dozen years. This investigation shows that using plutonium radioisotopes can be a useful tool for dating, particularly of the youngest overbank sediments where numerous sedimentation gaps cause uncertainties in the application of other methods, e.g. radiocaesium and heavy metals.
The implementation of a chronic disease management program (Prolanis) in Indonesia: a literature review
Authors: Rachmawati Sesty , Prihhastuti-Puspitasari Hanni , Zairina Elida
Published: December 2019

Background

The Chronic Disease Management Program or Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis (Prolanis) is a program initiated by the Social Insurance Administration Organization or Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Social (BPJS) in Indonesia. Prolanis aim to provide a proactive healthcare service approach for patients with chronic diseases particularly those with diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Prolanis also aims to achieve the optimal quality of life in patients with chronic disease through effective and efficient healthcare services including cost. All primary healthcare centers and a few of the private clinics in Indonesia have implemented Prolanis, however, the impact of the program has not been reviewed. This review aimed to see the implementation of Prolanis in healthcare facilities in Indonesia.

Methods

A literature review was conducted by searching articles through Google Scholar and PubMed databases up to August 2019. The following keywords or terms were used: Prolanis, BPJS indexed with terms related to blood pressure or hypertension in Indonesia. The references, citations and similar articles from the identified articles were used to identify additional sources.

Results

Twenty-four articles were identified through the first search using the key terms although only eight articles met the inclusion criteria. This review showed that the implementation of Prolanis in the healthcare facilities in Indonesia was varied in terms of the activities and services provided. The healthcare professional involved in the implementation of Prolanis were also varied. There were some barriers faced by the healthcare facilities including the availability of funding, the healthcare facilities and infrastructures, the unavailability of standard operating orocedures (SOPs) as well as the limitation of human resources involved in Prolanis.

Conclusions

The implementation of Prolanis in Indonesia has not been optimized, as there were some barriers during its implementation in the healthcare facilities.
What is the evidence for beneficial effects of growth hormone treatment beyond height in short children born small for gestational age? A review of published literature
Authors: Dunger David , Darendeliler Feyza , Kandemir Nurgun , Harris Mark , Rabbani Ali , Kappelgaard Anne-Marie
Published: December 2019

Background

An increasing body of evidence supports the view that both an adverse intrauterine milieu and rapid postnatal weight gain in children born small for gestational age (SGA) contribute towards the risk for the development of chronic diseases in adult life.

Content

The aim of this review was to identify and summarize the published evidence on metabolic and cardiovascular risk, as well as risk of impaired cardiac function, intellectual capacity, quality of life, pubertal development and bone strength among children born SGA. The review will then address whether growth hormone (GH) therapy, commonly prescribed to reduce the height deficit in children born SGA who do not catch up in height, increases or decreases these risks over time.

Overall, there are limited data in support of a modest beneficial effect of GH therapy on the adverse metabolic and cardiovascular risk observed in short children born SGA. Evidence to support a positive effect of GH on bone strength and psychosocial outcomes is less convincing.

Outlook

Further evaluation into the clinical relevance of any potential long-term benefits of GH therapy on metabolic and cardiovascular endpoints is warranted.
Maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of women with chronic hypertension: a population-based study
Authors: Maducolil Mariam K. , Al-Obaidly Sawsan , Olukade Tawa , Salama Husam , AlQubaisi Mai , Al Rifai Hilal
Published: December 2019

Background

We aimed to study the maternal characteristics and obstetric and neonatal outcomes in pregnant mothers with chronic hypertension (CHTN) compared to non-CHTN.

Methods

The study was a population-based cohort study, and a PEARL-Peristat Study (PPS) for the year of 2017. There were 20,210 total births including 19,762 singleton and 448 multiple births. We excluded multiple gestations from the analysis as they differ in fetal growth, duration of gestation and have a higher rate of obstetric and neonatal complications. We compared the maternal characteristics of mothers with pre-existing HTN with non-hypertensive mothers and studied the obstetric and neonatal outcomes including cesarean section, stillbirths, prematurity, macrosomia and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).

Results

We identified 223 births of mothers with essential HTN. The overall prevalence of CHTN in our population was 1.1% (223/20,210). In regard to maternal characteristics, women with CHTN were at or above 35 years of age at the time of delivery 58.9% compared to non-CHTN women 18.7%, P-value <0.001. Pre-existing diabetes was found more in women with CHTN 15.1% compared to non-CHTN women 1.9%, P-value <0.001; while obesity was found in 64% of women with CHTN compared to 32.5% in non-CHTN women, P-value <0.001. Preterm birth was noted in 26% compared to 8% in CHTN compared to non-CHTN women, respectively, P-value <0.001. The rate of stillbirth was similar between the two groups, 0.9% compared to 0.6% in CHTN compared to non-CHTN women, respectively, P-value 0.369.

Conclusion

Hypertensive mothers have multiple other comorbidities. When compared to the general population, they are older, parous, diabetic and obese with an increased risk of preterm birth and cesarean deliveries. Lifestyle modification, extensive pre-conceptional counseling and multidisciplinary antenatal care are required for such a high-risk group.
High-speed multiplane structured illumination microscopy of living cells using an image-splitting prism
Authors: Descloux Adrien , Müller Marcel , Navikas Vytautas , Markwirth Andreas , van den Eynde Robin , Lukes Tomas , Hübner Wolfgang , Lasser Theo , Radenovic Aleksandra , Dedecker Peter , Huser Thomas
Published: December 2019

Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) can be conducted at video-rate acquisition speeds when combined with high-speed spatial light modulators and sCMOS cameras, rendering it particularly suitable for live-cell imaging. If, however, three-dimensional (3D) information is desired, the sequential acquisition of vertical image stacks employed by current setups significantly slows down the acquisition process. In this work, we present a multiplane approach to SR-SIM that overcomes this slowdown via the simultaneous acquisition of multiple object planes, employing a recently introduced multiplane image splitting prism combined with high-speed SIM illumination. This strategy requires only the introduction of a single optical element and the addition of a second camera to acquire a laterally highly resolved 3D image stack. We demonstrate the performance of multiplane SIM by applying this instrument to imaging the dynamics of mitochondria in living COS-7 cells.
The Effects of Increasing Training Load on Affect and Perceived Exertion
Authors: Cavarretta Daniel J. , Hall Eric E. , Bixby Walter R.
Published: December 2019

Cavarretta, DJ, Hall, EE, and Bixby, WR. The effects of increasing training load on affect and perceived exertion. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 16–21, 2022—This study was designed to investigate how affect and ratings of perceived exertion based on repetitions in reserve (RPE/RIR) change as a function of increasing load during a 10 repetition maximum (RM) test. Twenty-nine novice lifters completed a 10RM test for 2 different conditions presented in a randomized, counterbalanced fashion. RPE/RIR and affect were assessed immediately after each successful 10RM attempt. RPE/RIR was significantly different at all loads from 50 to 100% 10RM (p < 0.001) with no differences between exercise and exercise load (p = 0.059). RPE/RIR was higher for all lower body exercises compared with upper-body exercises (p < 0.001) but was not different between machine and free-weight exercises (p > 0.344). Affect became less positive only at 100% 10RM compared with all other loads (p < 0.05). Finally, affect was more positive for upper-body exercises compared to lower-body exercises (p = 0.025) and more positive for machines compared to free-weights (p = 0.015). The results of this study suggest that among novice lifters, RPE/RIR increases as load increases during a 10RM and affective valence remains relatively constant but becomes less positive when exercising at maximal intensities (100% 10RM). Further research is needed to replicate these findings and elucidate the effects of different muscles used (e.g., upper vs. lower body) and modality of exercise (e.g., machine vs. free-weight) on RPE/RIR and affect among both novice and experienced lifters.
High Resistance-Training Volume Enhances Muscle Thickness in Resistance-Trained Men
Authors: Brigatto Felipe A. , Lima Leonardo Emmanuel de Medeiros , Germano Moisés D. , Aoki Marcelo S. , Braz Tiago V. , Lopes Charles R.
Published: December 2019

Brigatto, FA, Lima, LEdM, Germano, MD, Aoki, MS, Braz, TV, and Lopes, CR. High resistance-training volume enhances muscle thickness in resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 22–30, 2022—This study investigated the effects of different volumes of resistance training (RT) (8 weeks of 16, 24, and 32 weekly sets per muscle group) on muscular strength and hypertrophy. Subjects were pair-matched according to baseline strength and then randomly assigned to 1 of 3 experimental groups: 16 weekly sets per muscle group (G16, n = 9), 24 weekly sets per muscle group (G24, n = 9), or 32 weekly sets per muscle group (G32, n = 9). All other RT variables (e.g., exercise performed, exercise order, weekly frequency, range of repetitions, rest interval between sets and exercises, etc.) were maintained constant. The total load lifted was calculated for every RT session to compare the accumulated external training load among experimental groups across the intervention period. Testing was conducted before intervention (pre) and after 8-week (post-8) periods for maximal voluntary muscle strength (1 repetition maximum [1RM] test for bench press and parallel back squat exercises) and muscle thickness (MT) of the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and vastus lateralis. The major findings were as follows: (a) all RT volumes increased bench press and parallel back squat 1RM and (b) all RT volumes increased the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and vastus lateralis MT. The magnitude of increase in 1RM and MT of the lower body when training with 32 weekly sets per muscle group was higher than for 16 weekly sets per muscle group. The magnitude of the increase in MTTB was higher when training with 32 weekly sets than for 16 weekly sets.
Normalized Hip and Knee Strength in Two Age Groups of Adolescent Female Soccer Players
Authors: Hannon Joseph P. , Wang-Price Sharon , Garrison J. Craig , Goto Shiho , Bothwell James M. , Bush Curtis A.
Published: December 2019

Hannon, JP, Wang-Price, S, Garrison, JC, Goto, S, Bothwell, JM, and Bush, CA. Normalized hip and knee strength in two age groups of adolescent female soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 207–211, 2022—Limb symmetry strength measures are used for clinical decision-making considering when an athlete is ready to return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. However, changes in bilateral muscle strength occur after ACL injury resulting in potentially altered limb symmetry calculations. Adolescent female soccer players are at increased risk of sustaining ACL injuries. Published age and sex-matched strength values in this population may be of benefit to clinicians to improve clinical decision-making. The purpose of this study was to establish normative hip and knee strength data of both the dominant and nondominant limbs in adolescent female soccer players. Sixty-four female soccer players (ages 10–18) were enrolled in this study. Subjects were divided by age into 2 groups (group 1: 10–14 years; group 2: 15–18 years). Subjects underwent Biodex isokinetic strength testing at 60°·s−1 and 180°·s−1 to assess quadriceps and hamstring strength. Isometric hip strength (abduction and external rotation) was measured using a hand-held dynamometer. No significant differences were found between groups on either limb in regards to quadriceps or hamstring strength. No significant differences were found between groups on either limb for hip external rotation strength. Significant differences in hip abduction strength were found between groups on the dominant (group 1: 0.21 ± 0.04; group 2: 0.18 ± 0.04; p = 0.014) and nondominant (group 1: 0.21 ± 0.05; group 2: 0.18 ± 0.05; p = 0.019) limbs. The results of this study shed light on normative strength values for a high-risk injury population.
Biomechanical Determinants of the Modified and Traditional 505 Change of Direction Speed Test
Authors: Dos'Santos Thomas , McBurnie Alistair , Thomas Christopher , Comfort Paul , Jones Paul A.
Published: December 2019

Dos'Santos, T, McBurnie, A, Thomas, C, Comfort, P, and Jones, PA. Biomechanical determinants of the modified and traditional 505 change of direction speed test. J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1285–1296, 2020—The aim of this study was to investigate the whole-body biomechanical determinants of 180° change of direction (COD) performance. Sixty-one male athletes (age: 20.7 ± 3.8 years, height: 1.77 ± 0.06 m, mass: 74.7 ± 10.0 kg) from multiple sports (soccer, rugby, and cricket) completed 6 trials of the modified and traditional 505 on their right leg, whereby 3D motion and ground reaction force data were collected during the COD. Pearson's and Spearman's correlations were used to explore the relationships between biomechanical variables and COD completion time. Independent t-tests and Hedges' g effect sizes were conducted between faster (top 20) and slower (bottom 20) performers to explore differences in biomechanical variables. Key kinetic and kinematic differences were demonstrated between faster and slower performers with statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) and meaningful differences (g = 0.56–2.70) observed. Faster COD performers displayed greater peak and mean horizontal propulsive forces (PF) in shorter ground contact times, more horizontally orientated peak resultant braking and PFs, greater horizontal to vertical mean and peak braking and PF ratios, greater approach velocities, and displayed greater reductions in velocity over key instances of the COD. In addition, faster performers displayed greater penultimate foot contact (PFC) hip, knee, and ankle dorsi-flexion angles, greater medial trunk lean, and greater internal pelvic and foot rotation. These aforementioned variables were also moderately to very largely (r or ρ = 0.317–0.795, p ≤ 0.013) associated with faster COD performance. Consequently, practitioners should focus not only on developing their athletes' ability to express force rapidly, but also develop their technical ability to apply force horizontally. In addition, practitioners should consider coaching a 180° turning strategy that emphasizes high PFC triple flexion for center of mass lowering while also encouraging whole-body rotation to effectively align the body toward the exit for faster performance.
Comparison of the Gauntlet Test With Standard Laboratory Measures of Aerobic Fitness
Authors: Burnsed-Torres Marissa L. , Wichmann Therese K. , Clayton Zachary S. , Hahn Michael E.
Published: December 2019

Burnsed-Torres, ML, Wichmann, TK, Clayton, ZS, and Hahn, ME. Comparison of the Gauntlet test with standard laboratory measures of aerobic fitness. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 386–391, 2022—The purpose of this study was to validate whether the Gauntlet test (GT) can accurately estimate individual aerobic endurance performance compared with standard laboratory-based physiological tests. The GT required athletes to complete 5 maximal effort running stages, with a 1-minute break between each stage, with the goal of achieving the best overall time. Eighteen men (n = 9) and women (n = 9) (age, 23.5 ± 4.13 years; body mass index, 23.1 ± 7.62 kg·m−2; 5k time, 22 ± 7 minutes; 10k time, 47 ± 15 minutes; V̇o
2max, 52.3 ± 8 ml·kg−1·min−1) completed a lactate threshold test and V̇o
2max test (laboratory measures). Four to 14 days later, subjects completed the GT on an outdoor track. Blood lactate (bLa), V̇o
2max, and heart rate (HR) were recorded during the laboratory session. Blood lactate, HR, stage completion time, and overall completion time were recorded during the GT. Linear regression correlation analyses revealed a significant inverse association between V̇o
2max (mL·kg−1·min−1) and GT completion time (r = −0.88, P < 0.0001). In addition, there were significant correlations between V̇o
2max maximum HR and GT maximum HR (r = 0.89, P < 0.0001) and V̇o
2max 3-minute post bLa and GT 3-minute post bLa (r = 0.63, P = 0.0029). Sex-specific analysis showed significant inverse associations between female and male GT completion time and V̇o
2max (r = −0.70, P = 0.0352; r = −0.94, P < 0.0002). Bland-Altman plots were used to evaluate concordance between GT completion time, V̇o
2max, maximum HR, and 3-minute post bLa. Results suggest the GT is a valid assessment to accurately estimate aerobic endurance performance similar to standard laboratory methods.
Predicted Position Error Triggers Catch-Up Saccades during Sustained Smooth Pursuit
Authors: Nachmani Omri , Coutinho Jonathan , Khan Aarlenne Z. , Lefèvre Philippe , Blohm Gunnar
Published: December 2019

For humans, visual tracking of moving stimuli often triggers catch-up saccades during smooth pursuit. The switch between these continuous and discrete eye movements is a trade-off between tolerating sustained position error (PE) when no saccade is triggered or a transient loss of vision during the saccade due to saccadic suppression. de Brouwer et al. (2002b) demonstrated that catch-up saccades were less likely to occur when the target re-crosses the fovea within 40–180 ms. To date, there is no mechanistic explanation for how the trigger decision is made by the brain. Recently, we proposed a stochastic decision model for saccade triggering during visual tracking (Coutinho et al., 2018) that relies on a probabilistic estimate of predicted PE (PEpred). Informed by model predictions, we hypothesized that saccade trigger time length and variability will increase when pre-saccadic predicted errors are small or visual uncertainty is high (e.g., for blurred targets). Data collected from human participants performing a double step-ramp task showed that large pre-saccadic PEpred(>10°) produced short saccade trigger times regardless of the level of uncertainty while saccade trigger times preceded by small PEpred(<10°) significantly increased in length and variability, and more so for blurred targets. Our model also predicted increased signal-dependent noise (SDN) as retinal slip (RS) increases; in our data, this resulted in longer saccade trigger times and more smooth trials without saccades. In summary, our data supports our hypothesized predicted error-based decision process for coordinating saccades during smooth pursuit.
Spike-and-Wave Discharges Are Not Pathological Sleep Spindles, Network-Level Aspects of Age-Dependent Absence Seizure Development in Rats
Authors: Kozák Gábor , Földi Tamás , Berényi Antal
Published: December 2019

Spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) of absence epilepsy are considered as pathologic alterations of sleep spindles; however, their network-level relationship has never been convincingly revealed. In order to observe the development and generalization of the thalamocortical SWDs and the concomitant alterations of sleep related oscillations, we performed local field potential (LFP) and single unit recordings in rats for three months during their maturation. We found that while SWDs and spindles look similar in young, they become different with maturation and shift to appear in different brain states. Thus, despite being generated by the same network, they are likely two distinct manifestations of the thalamocortical activity. We show that while spindles are already mainly global oscillations, SWDs appear mainly only focally in young. They become capable to generalize later with maturation, when the out-of-focus brain regions develop a decreased inhibitory/excitatory balance. These results suggest that a hyperexcitable focus is not sufficient alone to drive generalized absence seizures. Importantly, we also found the gradual age dependent disappearance of sleep spindles coinciding with the simultaneous gradual emergence of spike and waves, which both could be reversed by the proper dosing of ethosuximide (ETX). Based on these observations we conclude that the absence seizure development might be a multi-step process, which might involve the functional impairment of cortical interneurons and network-level changes that negatively affect sleep quality.
Categorical Biases in Human Occipitoparietal Cortex
Authors: Ester Edward F. , Sprague Thomas C. , Serences John T.
Published: December 2019

Categorization allows organisms to generalize existing knowledge to novel stimuli and to discriminate between physically similar yet conceptually different stimuli. Humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents can readily learn arbitrary categories defined by low-level visual features, and learning distorts perceptual sensitivity for category-defining features such that differences between physically similar yet categorically distinct exemplars are enhanced, whereas differences between equally similar but categorically identical stimuli are reduced. We report a possible basis for these distortions in human occipitoparietal cortex. In three experiments, we used an inverted encoding model to recover population-level representations of stimuli from multivoxel and multielectrode patterns of human brain activity while human participants (both sexes) classified continuous stimulus sets into discrete groups. In each experiment, reconstructed representations of to-be-categorized stimuli were systematically biased toward the center of the appropriate category. These biases were largest for exemplars near a category boundary, predicted participants' overt category judgments, emerged shortly after stimulus onset, and could not be explained by mechanisms of response selection or motor preparation. Collectively, our findings suggest that category learning can influence processing at the earliest stages of cortical visual processing.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCategory learning enhances perceptual sensitivity for physically similar yet categorically different stimuli. We report a possible mechanism for these changes in human occipitoparietal cortex. In three experiments, we used an inverted encoding model to recover population-level representations of stimuli from multivariate patterns in occipitoparietal cortex while participants categorized sets of continuous stimuli into discrete groups. The recovered representations were systematically biased by category membership, with larger biases for exemplars adjacent to a category boundary. These results suggest that mechanisms of categorization shape information processing at the earliest stages of the visual system.
The importance of capturing late melt season sea ice conditions for modeling the western Arctic ocean boundary layer
Authors: Gallaher Shawn G.
Published: December 2019

To better understand the response of the western Arctic upper ocean to late summer ice-ocean interactions, a range of surface, interior, and basal sea ice conditions were simulated in a 1-D turbulent boundary layer model. In-ice and under-ice autonomous observations from the 2014 Marginal Ice Zone Experiment provided a complete characterization of the late melt-season sea ice and were used to set initial conditions, update boundary conditions, and conduct model validation studies. Results show that underestimates of open water and melt pond fraction at the sea ice surface had the largest influence on ocean-to-ice turbulent heat fluxes reducing basal melt rates by as much as 32%. This substantial reduction in latent heat loss was attributed to underestimates of open water areas and the exclusion of melt ponds by low-resolution synthetic aperture radar imagery. However, the greatest overall effect on the ice-ocean boundary layer came from mischaracterizations of basal roughness, with smooth ice scenarios resulting in 7 m of summer halocline shoaling and preservation of the near-surface temperature maximum. Rough ice conditions showed a 23% deepening of the mixed layer and erosion of heat storage above 40 m. Adjustments of conductive heat fluxes had little effect on the near-interface heat budget due to small internal thermal gradients within the late summer sea ice. Results from the 1-D boundary layer simulations highlight the most influential components of sea ice structure during late summer conditions and provide the magnitude of errors expected when ice conditions are mischaracterized.
Live-streaming at international academic conferences: Technical and organizational options for single- and multiple-location formats
Authors: Parncutt Richard , Meyer-Kahlen Nils , Sattmann Sabrina
Published: December 2019

Internet-based communication technologies can reduce both carbon emissions and financial costs of academic conferences for individual participants—especially those from non-rich countries. We consider currently available technological solutions and logistic formats. In July 2018, we organized the leading international conference on music cognition (ICMPC15/ESCOM10) as a multiple-location, semi-virtual event with hubs on four continents (Europe, North America, South America, Australia) and 600 active participants. Every talk was live-streamed to YouTube (unlisted with URLs accessible only to registered participants) and seen by two audiences (local, remote). Remote presentations were either real-time or delayed. Discussions were two-way audiovisual (Zoom). Student assistants managed the technology. The 24-hour program ran for five days, with normal working hours at each hub. Most (61%) participants approved of the semi-virtual format. Greenhouse-gas emissions per participant were reduced by 60–70% relative to an equivalent single-location conference. No talk was delayed or canceled for technical reasons. A semi-virtual, multiple-location approach improves the globality, cultural diversity, and accessibility of academic conferences. That in turn improves the relevance and long-term quality of academic content. In future, emissions and international time-difference problems can be further reduced by increasing the number of hubs. Every academic conference, regardless of size, discipline, or country, can benefit from live-streaming some or all presentations. Conference participants and organizers can contribute to global mitigation efforts while at the same time promoting their academic disciplines by taking advantage of modern internet communication technologies. Video recordings of talks contribute to documentation and dissemination.
Política industrial en América Latina. El caso de los recientes regímenes autopartistas en Argentina
Authors: Pérez Artica Rodrigo
Published: December 2019

El comercio autopartista se ha transformado en una fuente sobresaliente de déficit externo en América Latina, exponiendo a la vez un creciente problema macroeconómico y un gran desafío para la política industrial. En Argentina, varias políticas se diseñaron para frenar o revertir este resultado. En este artículo procuramos evaluar el régimen de política automotriz implementado en ese país entre 2009 y 2014. Una primera etapa exploratoria muestra escasos impactos sobre la elasticidad de las importaciones ante cambios en la producción de vehículos terminados y el tipo de cambio multilateral para diferentes partidas de comercio consideradas. Estos resultados son confirmados por un análisis de descomposición de Oaxaca-Blinder.
Extreme value stochastic models
Authors: Aksomaitis Algimantas
Published: December 2019

The investigation of extreme values (maxima and minima) and their asymptotics is presented. Attention is paid to the classical theory (independent observations of identical distributions). The generalizations and applications of the theory are discussed and problems are revealed.
Regulation of an ovulatory cycle
Authors: Švitra D. , Grigolienė R. , Puidokaitė A.
Published: December 2019

In the practice of processing of metals by cutting it is necessary to overcome the vibration of the cutting tool, the processed detail and units of the machine tool. These vibrations in many cases are an obstacle to increase the productivity and quality of treatment of details on metal-cutting machine tools. Vibration at cutting of metals is a very diverse phenomenon due to both it’s nature and the form of oscillatory motion.

The most general classification of vibrations at cutting is a division them into forced vibration and autovibrations. The most difficult to remove and poorly investigated are the autovibrations, i.e. vibrations arising at the absence of external periodic forces. The autovibrations, stipulated by the process of cutting on metalcutting machine are of two types: the low-frequency autovibrations and high-frequency autovibrations. When the low-frequency autovibration there appear, the cutting process ought to be terminated and the cause of the vibrations eliminated. Otherwise, there is a danger of a break of both machine and tool. In the case of high-frequency vibration the machine operates apparently quiently, but the processed surface feature small-sized roughness. The frequency of autovibrations can reach 5000 Hz and more.
Correlation in the heart rate data
Authors: Ulbikas J. , Čenys A. , Žemaitytė D. , Varoneckas G.
Published: December 2019

Variety of methods of nonlinear dynamics have been used for possibility of an analysis of time series in experimental physiology. Dynamical nature of experimental data was checked using specific methods. Statistical properties of the heart rate have been investigated. Correlation between of cardiovascular function and statistical properties of both, heart rate and stroke volume, have been analyzed. Possibility to use a data from correlations in heart rate for monitoring of cardiovascular function was discussed.
Quality of Colour Image Segmentation: the Measures
Authors: Blake R. E. , Juozapavičius A.
Published: December 2019

Colour image segmentation is an important tool in many applications, like robotics, computer vision and data compression. Differing highly from grey-scale images, the colour segmentation usually has more complicated and time consuming algorithms and is controlled by a larger set of parameters. The measures of quality of colour segmentation are presented in the article, enabling users to evaluate the most efficient set of parameters for a procedure of colour segmentation.The evaluation of parameters are suggested to be provided by heuristical and statistical methods, also presenting relationship of such measures.
On Heights of Polynomials with Real Roots
Authors: Dubickas A.
Published: December 2019

We prove Schinzel’s theorem about the lower bound of the Mahler measure of totally real polynomials. Under certain additional conditions this theorem is strengthened. We also consider certain Chebyshev polynomials in order to investigate how sharp are the lower bounds for the heights.
Soliton-Effect Optical Pulse Compression in Bulk Media with X^(3) Nonlinearity
Authors: Tamošauskas G. , Dubietis A. , Valiulis G.
Published: December 2019

Self-compression of visible optical pulse in bulk χ(3) medium has been demonstrated taking the advantage of negative group-velocity dispersion of tilted pulses.
Car Seat Tolerance Screening for Late-Preterm Infants
Authors: Magnarelli Aimee , Shah Solanki Nina , Davis Natalie L.
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND:

The belief that late-preterm infants have similar cardiorespiratory maturity to term infants has led many institutions to limit car seat tolerance screens (CSTSs) to those born early preterm. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence and predictors of CSTS failure, focusing on late-preterm infants.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective review of late-preterm infants born from 2013 to 2017 to identify the incidence and predictors of CSTS failure, focusing on location of admission. We performed multivariable linear regression to assess the effect of CSTS results on length of stay (LOS).

RESULTS:

We identified 918 subjects who underwent CSTSs, of whom 4.6% failed. Those infants who were admitted to both the NICU and nursery before discharge had the highest failure rate (8.5%). Of those who failed, 24% failed ≥2 CSTSs. Of these, 20% (all from the nursery) were found to have obstructive apnea and desaturations, and a total of 40% required supplemental oxygen for safe discharge from the hospital. Although crude LOS was longer for those who failed an initial CSTS, when accounting for location of admission, level of prematurity, and respiratory support requirements, the CSTS result was not a significant predictor of longer LOS.

CONCLUSIONS:

A concerning number of late-preterm infants demonstrated unstable respiratory status when placed in their car seat. Those who failed repeat CSTSs frequently had underlying respiratory morbidities that required escalation of care. Although further study is warranted, LOS was not associated with CSTS results but rather with the cardiorespiratory immaturity noted or discovered by performing a CSTS.
Enseñar a emprender en universidades de la Región de Coquimbo, Chile: Perfil docente y prácticas de enseñanza
Authors: Araya-Pizarro Sebastián Cristóbal , Avilés-Pizarro Nibaldo Bernardo
Published: December 2019

En la actualidad, se encuentra ampliamente documentada la contribución de la educación emprendedora a la actividad empresarial y el desafío que implica su enseñanza de manera efectiva. El siguiente artículo describe el perfil y las prácticas de quienes enseñan emprendimiento en universidades de Chile. El estudio, de diseño metodológico secuencial mixto, incluyó entrevistas a 20 docentes que imparten asignaturas de emprendimiento, junto con la aplicación de una encuesta a 329 estudiantes de 13 carreras de 5 instituciones universitarias de la Región de Coquimbo (Chile), durante el año 2015. Los resultados mostraron que quienes enseñan emprendimiento tienen un perfil homogéneo en cuanto a características personales, académicas y profesionales. Además, tanto el estudiantado como el profesorado prefieren docentes que emprendan, a quienes atribuyen competencias emprendedoras, personales y didácticas superiores (teacherpreneur). Se concluyó que existe una alta valorización del alumnado respecto a las actividades, métodos y herramientas de emprendimiento impartidas, las cuales, en su mayoría, coinciden entre las instituciones y carreras universitarias. Sin embargo, se advierte la necesidad de configurar un currículo más integral, que potencie tanto dimensiones cognitivas como afectivas, en donde la formación entregada posea mayor carácter práctico y vínculo con el ámbito empresarial (networking).
Percepción de un grupo de docentes de educación primaria acerca de la preparación recibida durante su formación universitaria en cuanto al tema de las Matemáticas
Authors: Alpízar Vargas Marianela , Alfaro Arce Ana Lucía
Published: December 2019

Cada profesional confía en que lo aprendido en su proceso de formación inicial le será de utilidad en su vida laboral; sin embargo, la sociedad cambiante en la cual se vive hace que ese hecho sea volátil, en especial en carreras relacionadas con educación, ya que los cambios en la sociedad hacen que cambie el currículo educativo del país, por ello la formación inicial debe ser integral y dar las bases para autoformarse en caso necesario. Este artículo trata sobre la percepción que tiene un grupo de docentes, en ejercicio, de I y II ciclos de la Educación General Básica de Costa Rica acerca de su formación recibida en la universidad. La intención de reportar dicha percepción es concienciar a los entes que interfieren en la formación docente sobre los aspectos que se pueden mejorar. El estudio es cuantitativo de corte descriptivo, los datos se recolectaron por medio de un cuestionario aplicado a 121 docentes titulados en educación primaria de diversas regiones educativas del país en el año 2017. Sin importar el tipo de universidad donde se graduó, cada docente participante consideró que la formación inicial recibida no le ha sido suficiente para afrontar los retos del aula. El grupo de docentes participantes no se siente satisfecho con la formación recibida en sus casas de enseñanza porque consideran que algunas áreas del currículo actual, de Matemáticas, no fueron abordadas de la mejor manera, tanto en el conocimiento del contenido como en el didáctico. Por esta razón, indican que es urgente la necesidad de plantear procesos de formación continua para que puedan capacitarse en los temas que lo requieran. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que un grupo de docentes de Educación primaria en ejercicio no se encuentra satisfecho con la formación recibida en la universidad por lo que sería adecuado hacer una revisión de los planes de formación.
Marcos conceptuales para un currículo crítico: una propuesta desde la pedagogía crítica brasileña, española y estadounidense
Authors: Toruño Arguedas César
Published: December 2019

El presente ensayo se elabora a partir de la necesidad teórica de constituir marcos conceptuales y operacionales para la elaboración de propuestas curriculares desde un enfoque crítico. Esto se logra a partir de un análisis de los principales teóricos de la pedagogía crítica brasileña, española y estadounidense, entre los que destacan Henry Giroux, Michael Apple, Ernest House, Paulo Freire, José Gimeno, Ángel Pérez, Miguel Santos, Jurjo Torres y Lawrence Stenhouse. Las diversas producciones teóricas fueron sometidas a análisis de textos a partir de fichas que permitieron establecer las categorías de análisis y su respectivo procesamiento. El ensayo adquiere su justificación en el tanto, existen pocas propuestas de sistematización para la construcción de diseños curriculares desde una pedagogía crítica. Ante lo cual, resulta como aporte relevante para la discusión teórica, la construcción de los marcos conceptuales y operativos en las categorías de Educación-Centro Educativo, roles docente-estudiante, contextualización curricular (enseñanza, aprendizaje y evaluación) y conocimientos. Lo anterior permite concluir que la pedagogía crítica posee marcos conceptuales y operacionales delimitados que pueden favorecer el desarrollo de diseños curriculares críticos con énfasis en la contextualización curricular. Para lo cual, resulta necesario la incorporación de estas delimitantes dentro de la gestión e innovación curricular en las diferentes etapas del sistema educativo.
Tecnologías del habla para la educación inclusiva
Authors: Coto Jiménez Marvin , Morales Rodríguez Maribel
Published: December 2019

Existen condiciones de discapacidad que comprometen la habilidad de las personas para expresarse utilizando su voz. Esto puede constituir una limitante para la comunicación, y una barrera para la inclusión de estudiantes con estas condiciones en contextos educativos tradicionales, donde la comunicación verbal es predominante. Dado que la educación es un derecho humano, es imperativo establecer opciones para que el estudiantado con discapacidad sea incluido en sistemas educativos donde pueda ejercer plenamente sus derechos, lo que ha llevado a la investigación, análisis y creación de sistemas de comunicación aumentativos y alternativos. En este ensayo se presentan el tema de tecnologías del habla, las cuales tienen como finalidad replicar la capacidad humana de comunicarse por esta vía apoyándose en dispositivos electrónicos, y el potencial de aplicación de estas tecnologías en los procesos de educación inclusiva. Para esto se da una visión general de los conceptos teóricos, las tendencias y los puntos de encuentro de la educación inclusiva y la tecnología, que hacen factible la creación de sistemas y dispositivos que impacten positivamente la calidad de vida del alumnado en su desarrollo educativo. Para que estas posibilidades tecnológicas sean una realidad en las aulas y los diversos entornos educativos, se propone el establecimiento de equipos interdisciplinarios amplios que permitan un abordaje integral de cada caso particular. De esta manera, las soluciones se pueden convertir en herramientas concretas verdaderamente útiles y confiables para el usuario, su familia y su entorno educativo.
Significados del bachillerato en jóvenes de colonias periurbanas marginadas en Yucatán, México
Authors: Heredia Soberanis Norma Graciella
Published: December 2019

El presente artículo reporta los hallazgos de una investigación realizada con alumnado proveniente de un contexto en desventaja socioeconómica y cultural de colonias marginadas en Yucatán México. Debido a la relevancia social que tiene estudiar un bachillerato para conseguir un empleo o para continuar estudios de nivel superior, el objetivo de la investigación consistió en explorar los diversos significados y sentidos con respecto a estudiar, permanecer y concluir la educación media superior, esto con base en la experiencia escolar de jóvenes de un Bachillerato General Comunitario. El tipo de investigación es un estudio de caso con enfoque cualitativo, como informantes clave participaron 27 estudiantes: 23 en dos grupos focales y 4 en entrevistas individuales; la metodología utilizada para analizar los datos consistió en el análisis sociológico de los discursos. Como resultados relevantes se encontró que el bachillerato adquiere un significado de instrumento para lograr a futuro la superación personal y el progreso económico e intelectual; en referencia a la dimensión distributiva de la justicia social: tener un buen empleo y un buen sueldo son factores percibidos como necesarios para lograr el reconocimiento social; a su vez, la educación es vista como un instrumento válido y legítimo para su obtención, constituyendo ideológicamente un instrumento de lucha social de jóvenes en desventaja socioeconómica y cultural, para el logro de un modelo hegemónico de vida adulta; sin embargo, esto implica un individualismo enmascarado de liberación solidaria. De igual manera, se identificó la representación de nociones de injusticia social y educativa que normalizan la redistribución desigual de bienes y servicios; la falta del reconocimiento social hacia grupos vulnerados; y el énfasis en el consumo neoliberal.
La ausencia de la familia en el proceso de aprendizaje de la comprensión lectora: la experiencia en tres grupos del nivel de I y II ciclo de la enseñanza general básica
Authors: González Araya María Nidia , Cárdenas Leitón Helvetia
Published: December 2019

Este artículo es producto de una investigación cualitativa realizada entre los años 2017-2018 que estudió la injerencia que tiene el uso de las TIC y otros mediadores culturales, entre ellos la familia en el proceso de la comprensión lectora. Para el caso particular del presente artículo, el objetivo fue reconocer el nivel de participación de la familia en la promoción de la lectura de sus hijos e hijas, considerando, a la familia como un mediador cultural. Colaboraron ocho docentes de tres centros educativos del nivel de Educación Primaria, dos de la Dirección Regional de Educación de Alajuela y una de la Dirección Regional de San Ramón, Costa Rica y sus respectivos grupos de cuarto y sexto año y asimismo, setenta y ocho padres y madres de familia de estos alumnos y alumnas. Como principales técnicas de recolección de datos, se utilizaron: el cuestionario, la entrevista y la observación participante. Entre los resultados más destacados, se obtuvo que el involucramiento familiar en el proceso de aprendizaje de las habilidades lingüísticas y específicamente de la comprensión lectora, es escaso o nulo en algunos casos, lo cual deviene en un proceso donde se involucra únicamente el o la docente y representa un ínfimo desarrollo de destrezas lectoras por parte de las niñas y los niños en el ámbito familiar y por ende, en la poca comprensión de los textos y el bajo rendimiento académico.