bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AMPLIFICADOR OPERACIONAL DE TRANSCONDUCTANCIA CON ALTO RANGO MODO COMÚN Y BAJO CONSUMO DE POTENCIA
Authors: Gómez Ortiz Héctor Iván , Angarita Cediel Francisco , Neira Triana Carlos Andrés
Published: September 2016

En este artículo se presenta el diseño de un amplificador operacional de transconductancia OTA, operando en la región para bajo consumo de potencia en sub-umbral. Donde se realizaron simulaciones con las herramientas del programa SYNOPSYS para la tecnología de 180nm. El amplificador diferencial es alimentado con un VDD de 600mV, y tiene una capacitancia de carga de 15pF. El amplificador tiene una ganancia de 60,08dB con una frecuencia de ganancia unitaria de 21.7kHz, y margen de fase de más de 50 grados. Alcanzando una amplia operación en modo común por el uso de pares diferenciales de entrada complementarios (NMOS y PMOS) que muestra un rango de operación de 500mV.
Entre práticas [historiográficas e de desenho]: um movimento metodológico de pesquisa
Authors: Machado Rosilene Beatriz , Flores Cláudia Regina
Published: September 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os caminhos teórico-metodológicos percorridos em uma pesquisa atual que toma como unidade de análise práticas sociais [de desenhar]. Assim, busca-se discutir os ferramentais utilizados em suas potencialidades para uma história do desenho que não se opera sob um viés epistemológico, mas discursivo. Ainda, e desse modo, para uma prática historiográfica que não se limita estritamente a uma história da ciência ou uma história da educação, mas que atravessa distintos campos de saber, desenhando matemática[s] nas relações possíveis entre práticas de desenhar e práticas matemáticas sem, no entanto, limitar-se a elas.
Costo de capital e impuestos en un sistema tributario no integrado y en uno integrado. Generalización del modelo
Authors: Niño T. Jorge , Zurita L. Salvador , Castillo R. Augusto
Published: September 2016

En este artículo se determina expresiones para el beneficio tributario de endeudarse y para el rendimiento que exige un accionista, si la empresa y la deuda crecen, en un sistema tributario no integrado como el de los Estados Unidos. Luego se determina expresiones equivalentes para un sistema tributario totalmente integrado. La principal aportación de este artículo es la extensión y generalización de las fórmulas de valoración de empresas y de costo del patrimonio a un sistema tributario distinto del estadunidense, pero que prevalece en muchos otros países del mundo
¿Existe una manera de competencia definida en el mercado de las Afore?
Authors: Ramírez José Carlos
Published: September 2016

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en modelar las estrategias utilizadas por las Afore para retener el mayor número de afiliados con diferentes rangos de ingreso en un esquema de competencia por costos. Para tal efecto simulamos un juego estático no cooperativo de dos etapas, en el que se formaliza la competencia establecida por las M ≥ 1 administradoras líderes y las N seguidoras en un equilibrio generalizado de Nash-Cournot-Stackelberg (EGNCS). Los resultados indican que: i) la competencia entre las Afore es heterogénea por segmentos de salarios; ii) mientras que en rangos intermedios de salarios el EGNCS es adecuado para explicar el comportamiento de las Afore, en los rangos extremos la conjetura más razonable es que los agentes actúan como competidores por precios —salarios bajos— o como oligopolistas con un liderazgo no basado en cantidades y precios —salarios altos—, y iii) no es posible asegurar que, en una estructura de competencia como la que prevalece en las Afore, un mayor número de competidores redunde siempre en un mayor beneficio para los afiliados
Effects of Coupling Agents on the Structure and Electrical Properties of PZT-Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Composites
Authors: Li Rui , Zhang Liu , Shi Zhiliang , Pei Jianzhong
Published: September 2016

PZT-Poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites were prepared by hot-pressing method. Before addition, PZT particles were firstly modified with two different coupling agents. The micromorphology, microstructure, dielectric properties, and piezoelectric properties of the composites were characterized and investigated. Results indicated that PZT particles were homogeneously dispersed in the PVDF matrix by the addition of coupling agents. The electric properties of PZT-PVDF composites with NDZ-101 were the best. Especially when the volume ratio of the titanate coupling agent NDZ-101 was 1%, the piezoelectric strain constant d33 of PZT-PVDF composites reached maximum value 19.23pC/N; its relative dielectric constant εr was 67.45; at the same time its dielectric loss tanδ was 0.0766.
Electrolyte Additive Concentration for Maximum Energy Storage in Lead-Acid Batteries
Authors: Paglietti A.
Published: September 2016

The paper presents a method to assess the effect of electrolyte additives on the energy capacity of Pb-acid batteries. The method applies to any chemically unreactive additive, including suspensions and gels. The approach is thermodynamically based and it leads to the definition of a region of admissible concentrations –the battery’s admissible range– where the battery can undergo an indefinite number of charge/discharge cycles without suffering permanent damage. An experimental procedure to determine this range is presented. The obtained results provide a way to assess the potential of electrolyte additives to improve the energy capacity of Pb-acid batteries. The same results also provide a means to determine the additive concentration that produces the maximum energy capacity increase of the battery. The paper closes with an example of application of the proposed approach to a practical case.
Strategies in the Design of Antidiabetic Drugs from Terminalia Chebula Retz. Using in silico and in vitro Approach
Authors: Bansode Twinkle , Salalkar B.K.
Published: September 2016

Diabetes mellitus is the fifth deadliest disease in the developing countries. Even with all the research and new drugs available, combating diabetes is still challenging. There are successes in finding new cost effective drugs without side effects, even if not perfect. In our investigation we studied binding mechanism of secondary metabolite of T. chebula in silico. It was observed that three compounds out of 16 have a higher binding affinity for the target proteins. Ellagic acid showed highest binding affinity with alpha amylase, beta glucosidase and alpha glucosidase with lesser binding energies -4.5kcal/mol, -5.36kcal/mol and -4.48kcal/mol respectively. Arjungenin has lesser binding energy of 4.77 kcal/mol with glucokinase while luteoline has binding energy of -7.25kcal/mol for enzyme glycogen synthase kinase. These entire compounds interacted with non-covalent interaction. Petroleum ether extract showed the significant alpha amylase inhibitory activity i.e. 51.22% as compared to standard drug (65.99%).TLC analysis revealed the presence of total 9 compounds in different plant extracts one of them might be a lead compound which could be further exploited for the development of novel safer and potent antidiabetic drug.
Optimization of Apparent Peak Viscosity in Carboxymethyl Cellulose Fracturing Fluid: Interactions of High Total Dissolved Solids, pH Value, and Crosslinker Concentration
Authors: Pica N. E. , Terry C.. , Carlson K..
Published: September 2016

It has been common practice to use a freshwater source (either ground water or surface water) as the base fluid for hydraulic fracturing with crosslinked-gel fluids. Currently, oil and gas operators are beginning to reuse and recycle the main byproduct of oil extraction, which is produced water. However, because of the high variability of produced-water quality (temporal and spatial), and the high content of total dissolved solids (TDS), the viscosity targets for the fluid can be difficult to achieve. The research described in this paper examines the sensitivity of higher-salinity waters to several variables related to the gel-formation process. The polymer used for the gel fluid was a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) derivative, and zirconium (Zr) was used as the crosslinking metal. Rheology experiments were conducted at different pH values, polymer loading, and crosslinker concentrations. The outcome of this research is presented in 3D contour-peak-viscosity maps that can be used by oil and gas operators and service companies to optimize the chemicals that are applied, thus reducing costs.
Stability Analysis of Yield and Grain Quality Traits for the Nixtamalization Process of Maize Genotypes Cultivated in the Central High Valleys of Mexico
Authors: Vázquez‐Carrillo María Gricelda , Rojas‐Martínez Israel , Santiago‐Ramos David , Arellano‐Vázquez José Luis , Espinosa‐Calderón Alejandro , García‐Pérez Miguel , Crossa José
Published: September 2016

In the central high valleys of Mexico, no maize hybrid or variety has shown enough stability to satisfy farmers or the processing industry, in terms of either grain yield or quality parameters for tortilla‐making. The objective of this work was to evaluate the stability of grain yield and grain physical characteristics, as well as of variables of the nixtamalization process and the tortilla quality of 11 maize genotypes cultivated in six locations of the central high valleys of Mexico. Stability was assessed based on the sites regression model (SREG). All variables were affected by the genotype by environment interaction, but only grain yield, hundred‐grain weight, flotation index, test weight, nixtamal moisture, retained pericarp, and tortilla yield were well explained by the SREG model. Among genotypes, ‘H‐76’ was outstanding in this study for its stability in grain yield and size, white grains (grain luminosity = 67.6), and reduced dry matter loss (4.3%) during nixtamalization, more retained pericarp in its nixtamal (42.1%), and good tortilla yield (1.41 kg kg−1 of maize). The best quality traits for nixtamalization process were obtained in 2012 in Huamantla and the worst in Benito Juarez, results that were influenced by good and poor agroclimatic conditions, respectively. The SREG model is a good tool for assessing the stability of grain traits for the nixtamalization process and tortilla quality and enabled identification of the best genotype for recommendation in a large region.
Positional loss of pacemaker capture in a patient for hemi‐arthroplasty
Authors: Greenlee Hannah , Loukovitis Konstantinos , Drummond Andrew , Sochart David
Published: September 2016

We report the case of a patient where loss of capture by a pacemaker occurred when they were placed in the lateral position for hip surgery. Cardiac output was lost but capture and output were restored on turning the patient back into the supine position for chest compressions. We hypothesise either a pacing wire displacement or possibly a new ischaemic event as the cause. This appears to have been a rare complication in a patient with an established pacemaker.
Development of a predictive model to determine the temporal variability in mine feed water quality towards informing and forecasting plant operating strategy – a South African coal mine water treatment plant case study
Authors: Nathoo J. , Gay E. Hong , Hussain N.
Published: September 2016

The feed water quality associated with mine water treatment is typically characterised by a dynamic variability resulting from the fact that the final feed water to the water treatment plant (WTP) can be an amalgamation of water streams emanating from a number of sources. Consequently, the ability to deal with the dynamic nature of the feed water quality towards successful and sustainable mine water treatment goes beyond a proactive approach and requires a systemic, predictive approach. This paper discusses the development of an unsteady state mass balance model on a surface dam located on a coal mine towards predicting the dynamic fluctuations in total dam volume and its total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration in the feed water to a NuWater 20 MLD mobile WTP, comprising chemical conditioning, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis (RO). The unsteady state mass balance, incorporated water entering the dam via the opencast pits, underground compartments, seasonal rainfall and the RO brine return. Water leaving the dam comprised the feed water to the WTP, partial brine treatment, surface evaporation and seepage. Validation of the model using actual data over an 8-month period showed excellent results. The model showed that without water treatment, the dam would overflow in 218 days. Although the dam's volume could be sustained at the ideal volume by treating 14.2 MLD, its TDS would exceed the maximum environmental limit in 197 days. Consequently, the combination of a 13.2 MLD WTP with a 1 MLD brine treatment plant provided the optimal water treatment strategy to sustainably maintain the dam's TDS concentration and volume within acceptable limits over the 5-year investigation period. This paper demonstrates the importance of using a predictive methodology for forecasting feed water characteristics and as an early warning system for most water treatment systems that are subjected to dynamic conditions.
Corrections for matrix effects on fluorescence measurement of a multi-platform optical sensor
Authors: Ng Chee-Loon , Ng Yan-Jie , Chen Qing-Qing , Hemond Harold F.
Published: September 2016

The LEDIF (LED-induced fluorescence) is an in situ optical instrument that utilizes fluorescence, absorbance, and scattering to identify and quantify substances in water bodies. In this study, matrix effects on fluorescence signals caused by inner filtering, temperature, intramolecular deactivation, turbidity, and pH were investigated, and compensation equations developed to correct measured values and improve accuracy. Multiple simultaneous matrix effect corrections were demonstrated with a laboratory sample subjected to known interferences and physical conditions. In general, compensation was found to be important to improve the accuracy of fluorescence measurements.
Impact of natural organic matter on bromate removal in the sulfite/UV-L advanced reduction process
Authors: Jung Bahngmi , Safan Aya , Botlaguduru Venkata Sai Vamsi , Batchelor Bill , Abdel-Wahab Ahmed
Published: September 2016

Advanced reduction processes (ARPs) are treatment processes that involve combining reducing reagents and activating tools to produce highly reactive reducing free radicals. The process has proven effective for treating oxidized contaminants, and the effects of process variables on the degradation kinetics of various target contaminants have been investigated in our previous studies. In natural environments, natural organic matter (NOM) is found in surface or ground water. NOM absorbs UV light and can react with photochemically produced radicals, thus affecting target contaminant photochemical reactions and further influencing the efficiency of ARP. This study examines the impact of humic acid (HA) and Suwanee River NOM on bromate reduction rates with UV irradiation using a low-pressure mercury UV lamp. The effects of the sulfite dose, solution pH, and light intensity are studied and the pseudo-first-order rate constants in the presence of HA (kobs,HA) are compared to those observed in the absence of HA (kobs). At low HA concentrations of 1 mg L−1, kobs,HA was larger than kobs; however, kobs,HA was less than kobs at higher HA concentrations. Furthermore, kobs,HA did not increase with increasing sulfite doses in the presence of HA, which is unlike the behavior of kobs.
3DEEM spectroscopy analysis to assess the EPS composition in different carriers in HMBR systems
Authors: Sun Meixiang , Wu Man , Liu Wen , Liu Huiying , Zhang Yezhong , Dai Jie
Published: September 2016

A hybrid membrane bioreactor (HMBR) with biological band carriers (Reactor A) and an HMBR with suspended honeycomb carriers (Reactor B) were conducted in parallel to investigate the effects of different carriers on extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Composition and concentration of EPS were examined by three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3DEEM) fluorescence spectra and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). 3DEEM spectra demonstrated that the main organic substances of the EPS in two reactors were protein-like, humic acid-like and fulvic acid-like substances. The fluorescence intensity (FI) indicated that the protein-like composition was dominant in EPS, and its intensity in reactor B was stronger than that in A (392.94 > 250.25). Results of the FI identified from the 3DEEM by PARAFAC showed that the EPS in two reactors included two humic acid-like compositions C1 (230, 320/406 nm), C2 (250, 360/440 nm) and one protein-like C4 (230, 280/340 nm), while C3 was fulvic acid-like (220/429 nm) and protein-like (230/357 nm) in reactor A and B, respectively. The proportion and FI of protein-like substances in reactor B were higher than that in A. Consequently, it was concluded that reactor A could control the membrane fouling effectively, compared with reactor B.
Magnetized manganese oxide nanocomposite for effective decontamination of Cd(II) from wastewaters
Authors: Heitmann Ana Pacheli , Silva Gabriela C. , Paiva Paulo Renato P. , Dantas Maria Sylvia S. , Ciminelli Virginia S. T. , Souza Dinóla Isabel Cristina , Ferreira Angela M.
Published: September 2016

In this study, a composite with magnetic properties has been successfully synthesized by a novel and environmentally friendly route and is applied to Cd(II) adsorption for water decontamination. The quantification of the phases obtained by Rietveld refinement has shown the presence of 84% of Mn3O4 and 16% of Fe3O4. Transmission electron microscopy image shows an aggregate of Mn3O4 nanoparticles without specific orientation and the predominance of octahedral morphology with nanoparticles size estimated around 25–30 nm. The Cd(II) adsorption isotherm is fitted using the Langmuir–Freundlich model. The estimated maximum adsorption capacities of Cd(II) at pH 6 and 7 are similar (0.28 ± 0.02 and 0.31 ± 0.02 mg/m2, respectively). The kinetic results show that the studied system follows the pseudo-second-order model. The Raman results indicate that Cd is being specifically adsorbed by the Mn3O4 in the composite. The hysteresis curve of the composite Mn3O4/Fe3O4 has changed when compared to the pure magnetite; however, the coercive field after the addition of manganese oxide remains unaltered and does not change with a value around 158 Oe. The turbidity tests showed that the magnetic sedimentation was efficient and promising for wastewater treatment in large scale. These materials can be conveniently recovered by magnetic separation, avoiding the filtration steps, which will make easier the solid–liquid separation operation that follows the adsorption process.
Student's personal development in native science activity
Authors: Jakieva Guljan Adylbekovna
Published: September 2016

The following article examines the problem of student's personality in activity. Subcollection of active and interactive methods of teaching is defined, providing personal development of student during learning activity. General outcomes could be used by teachers of multi-level education in teaching activity.
Teacher's mastership- his competence
Authors: Garifullina Natalia Lvovna
Published: September 2016

In this paper the author analyses the level of pedagogical proficiency on the basis of conducted research. The meaning of the concept "competency" is given. The article presents a description of common competencies of the college teaching personnel and defines a methodological base for their formation and development.
Interactive tools and techniques of formation the lexical and grammatical aspects of speech in children with impaired speech development
Authors: Burachevskaya Olga Vladimirovna
Published: September 2016

This article describes the information and communication technology as a means of correction and development work. It illuminates interactive techniques and methods of work with preschool and early school age children. The author describes the interactive games aimed to the development of lexical and grammatical speech database.
Ways of increasing the revenue of local budget (for example, Nizhnekamsk Municipal Education of the Republic of Tatarstan)
Authors: Galkina Eleonora Yurievna
Published: September 2016

This article describes the issues of local self-government, which should be based on sound financial and economic foundation and this foundation is mainly composed of local budgets revenues. The author examines one of the most acute problems faced by local authorities. The study analyzes the low provision of local budgets own revenues, as well as the very order of interbudget relations.
Quercetin is a Useful Medicinal Compound Showing Various Actions Including Control of Blood Pressure, Neurite Elongation and Epithelial Ion Transport
Authors: Marunaka Yoshinori , Niisato Naomi , Miyazaki Hiroaki , Nakajima Ken-­Ichi , Taruno Akiyuki , Sun Hongxin , Marunaka Rie , Okui Motoki , Yamamoto Toshiro , Kanamura Narisato , Kogiso Haruka , Ikeuchi Yukiko , Kashio Makiko , Hosogi Shigekuni , Nakahari Takashi
Published: September 2016

Quercetin has multiple potential to control various cell function keeping our body condition
healthy. In this review article, we describe the molecular mechanism on how quercetin exerts its action
on blood pressure, neurite elongation and epithelial ion transport based from a viewpoint of cytosolic
Cl- environments, which is recently recognized as an important signaling factor in various types of cells.
Recent studies show various roles of cytosolic Cl- in regulation of blood pressure and neurite elongation,
and prevention from bacterial and viral infection. We have found the stimulatory action of quercetin
on Cl- transporter, Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1; an isoform of NKCC), which has been
recognized as one of the most interesting, fundamental actions of quercetin. In this review article, based
on this stimulatory action of quercetin on NKCC1, we introduce the molecular mechanism of quercetin
on: 1) blood pressure, 2) neurite elongation, and 3) epithelial Cl- secretion including tight junction forming
in epithelial tissues. 1) Quercetin induces elevation of the cytosolic Cl- concentration via activation
of NKCC1, leading to anti-hypertensive action by diminishing expression of epithelial Na+ channel
(ENaC), a key ion channel involved in renal Na+ reabsorption, while quercetin has no effects on the
blood pressure with normal salt intake. 2) Quercetin also has stimulatory effects on neurite elongation
by elevating the cytosolic Cl- concentration via activation of NKCC1 due to tubulin polymerization
facilitated through Cl--induced inhibition of GTPase. 3) Further, in lung airway epithelia quercetin
stimulates Cl- secretion by increasing the driving force for Cl- secretion via elevation of the cytosolic Cl-
concentration: this leads to water secretion, participating in prevention of our body from bacterial and
viral infection. In addition to transcellular ion transport, quercetin regulates tight junction function via
enhancement of tight junction integrity by modulating expression and assembling tight junction-forming
proteins. Based on these observations, it is concluded that quercetin is a useful medicinal compound
keeping our body to be in healthy condition.
Surface Roughness of Initial Enamel Caries Lesions in Human Teeth After Resin Infiltration
Authors: Arnold Wolfgang H. , Meyer Ann-Kathrin , Naumova Ella A.
Published: September 2016

Background:

Low viscosity resin infiltration of initial caries lesions is a modern microinvasive method to treat initial cries lesions. However, only scarce information is available about the long-term surface alterations of infiltrated lesions.

Methods:

Twenty-eight premolar teeth exhibiting non-cavitated initial caries lesions (International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS code 1&2)) were divided into two groups, one of which was infiltrated with resin, and the other remained untreated. The teeth underwent two thermocycling procedures. The surface roughness was determined quantitatively, and the results were evaluated statistically. In addition, the surfaces of the lesions were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the surface was analyzed visually with respect to surface irregularities.

Results:

The results showed a reduction in the surface roughness that was significant after 2500 thermocycles compared to the untreated surface. In the control specimens, no change in the surface roughness was found. The qualitative SEM data also showed a smooth surface after thermocycling, which supported the statistical findings.

Conclusion:

After thermocycling, resin-infiltrated enamel surfaces become smoother and had no additional risk for plaque accumulation.
The Saharan Elevated Mixed Layer and its Aerosol Optical Depth
Authors: Carlson Toby N.
Published: September 2016

Schematic Skew-T soundings can be used to estimate the depth of elevated mixed layers and their origins thousands of kilometers downstream from their source regions. Focus is on the elevated mixed layer from the Sahara, the Saharan Air Layer (SAL), and its relationship to aerosol optical depth. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements and SAL depth determined from atmospheric soundings were tabulated for five summers at three sites located downwind from the Sahara (Miami, Barbados and St. Cruz, Tenerife). These data are analyzed to show a site-specific relationship between the depth of the SAL and the AOD, the deeper the SAL the larger the AOD. The frequency distribution of SAL depths is also discussed.
General Information about the Design of Smart Grids in Universities
Authors: Castillo Guillermo Antonio Loor , Albuerne Yolanda Eugenia Llosas , Fernández Miguel Castro , Alava Lenin Agustin Cuenca
Published: September 2016

Until recently, the dominant paradigm in the electrification consisted of universal service and its centralization, and for loor modern times think of the power grid of the future where a qualitative and radical leap is required because of the need to manage better energy resources, promote environmental protection and meet the increasingly demanding requirements of quality of service. A power distribution network becomes intelligent acquiring data, communicating, processing information and exercising control through a feedback that allows you to adjust to changes that may arise in actual operation. Ecuador aimed at energy efficiency through smart grids, which allow the dealer to maintain absolute monitoring of energy flow and the elements of the power grid. Thus, it is possible that service companies can efficiently manage their assets and the end user to manage consumption rationally, requiring to enhance the energy efficiency of power grids, one management timely and efficient energy.
O que interessa ao público nos portais informativos?
Authors: Cervi Emerson Urizzi , Massuchin Michele Goulart
Published: September 2016

O artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa realizada durante o período eleitoral de 2012 que pretende identificar as notícias mais acessadas nos grandes portais informativos brasileiros e o lugar ocupado pelo tema política no interesse do público. Para a análise trabalha-se com 1142 notícias que estiveram presentes diariamente na seção “mais lida do dia” de cinco portais: Folha.com, UOL, Terra, O Globo e G1. Como aponta Shoemaker et al. (2000) ao observar as notícias mais lidas, é possível perceber o perfil dos veículos já que eles se adaptam ao conteúdo que interessa ao público. A metodologia utilizada é quantitativa de análise de conteúdo e para desenvolver este artigo trabalha-se com duas hipóteses centrais: 1) os portais apresentam diferentes perfis, sendo que nem todos possuem a temática política como central; 2) nos portais onde o tema política se destaca entre os mais lidos, o interesse do leitor se dá por algum tema específico e não há crescimento contínuo.
Campanha eleitoral no Facebook: usos, configurações e o papel atribuído a este site pelos candidatos durante as eleições municipais de 2012
Authors: Aggio Camilo De Oliveira , Reis Lucas Dos Santos
Published: September 2016

As campanhas eleitorais online vêm, ao menos desde 2004, atuando nos chamados sites de redes sociais ou social media. Facebook, Twitter e MySpace são algumas das plataformas mais populares entre partidos e candidatos em disputa eleitoral e, consequentemente, têm atraído a atenção de pesquisadores da área da comunicação política. Mundialmente mais popular dentre os três sites mencionados, o Facebook ainda possui lacunas a serem exploradas pela pesquisa acadêmica no concernente ao modo como tem sido apropriado pelas campanhas e qual o nível de integração com outros sites de redes sociais. Este artigo busca preencher essa lacuna presente na literatura ao quantificar quão extensiva foi a presença dos candidatos a prefeito em três capitais brasileiras nas eleições de 2012: São Paulo, Salvador e Manaus. Além disso, busca-se entender como se deu a atuação das campanhas nesta rede, se houve adequação dos conteúdos publicados à gramática pré-existente, mas também de que maneira ocorreu a relação com os conteúdos produzidos em outras redes. A partir dessa análise demonstramos que o Facebook cumpriu um papel central e integrador das estratégias de comunicação online das campanhas analisadas. 
Value Stream Mapping for Evaluation of Load Scheduling Possibilities in a District Heating Plant
Authors: Melsas Raivo , Rosin Argo , Drovtar Imre
Published: September 2016

The aim of this paper is to provide a solution for load scheduling by implementing value stream mapping, which is a straightforward enough for production management. Decision makers in the industry should have a clear understanding about positive effect from load scheduling and its effect to production outcome and process availability. Value stream mapping is a well-known process optimization tool from lean production philosophy. The aim of value stream mapping is to shorten the lead time of industrial processes and to reduce the intermediate stock amounts. By complementing value stream map with process energy intensity and energy stored in intermediate stocks, we can promote load scheduling possibilities. Our methodology provides a tool that is understandable and traceable for industry-minded decision makers. Finally, we present a real life test example for the new methodology, which is based on the production process of a district heating plant.
Effect of Processing Delay and Storage Conditions on Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio
Authors: Herrington William , Illingworth Nicola , Staplin Natalie , Kumar Aishwarya , Storey Ben , Hrusecka Renata , Judge Parminder , Mahmood Maria , Parish Sarah , Landray Martin , Haynes Richard , Baigent Colin , Hill Michael , Clark Sarah
Published: September 2016

Background and objectives

Because there is substantial biologic intraindividual variation in albumin excretion, randomized trials of albuminuria-reducing therapies may need multiple urine samples to estimate daily urinary albumin excretion. Mailing spot urine samples could offer a convenient and cost-effective method to collect multiple samples, but urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio stability in samples stored at ambient temperatures for several days is unknown.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Patients with kidney disease provided fresh urine samples in two tubes (with and without boric acid preservative). Reference aliquots from each participant were analyzed immediately, whereas remaining aliquots were subject to different handling/storage conditions before analysis, including delayed processing for up to 7 days at three different storage temperatures (4°C, 18°C, and 30°C), multiple freeze-thaw cycles, and long–term frozen storage at −80°C, −40°C, and −20°C. We calculated the mean percentage change in urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio for each condition, and we considered samples stable if the 95% confidence interval was within a ±5% threshold.

Results

Ninety-three patients provided samples with detectable albuminuria in the reference aliquot. Median (interquartile range) urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio was 87 (20–499) mg/g. The inclusion of preservative had minimal effect on fresh urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio measurements but reduced the changes in albumin and creatinine in samples subject to processing delay and storage conditions. The urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio was stable for 7 days in samples containing preservative at 4°C and 18°C and 2 days when stored at 30°C. It was also stable in samples with preservative after three freeze-thaw cycles and in frozen storage for 6 months at −80°C or −40°C but not at −20°C.

Conclusions

Mailed urine samples collected with preservative and received within 7 days if ambient temperature is ≤18°C, or within 2 days if the temperature is higher but does not exceed 30°C, are suitable for the measurement of urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio in randomized trials. Preserved samples frozen to −40°C or −80°C for 6 months before analysis also seem suitable.
FEASIBILITY OF AN INTENSIVE CONTROL INSULIN-NUTRITION GLUCOSE MODEL ‘ICING’ WITH MALAYSIAN CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENT
Authors: Abdul Razak Normy Norfiza , Ahamad Nurhamim , Suhaimi Fatanah , Jamaluddin Ummu , Ralib Azrina M.
Published: September 2016

A clinically verified patient-specific glucose-insulin metabolic model known as ICING is used to account for time-varying insulin sensitivity. ICING was developed and validated from critically-ill patients with various medical conditions in the intensive care unit in Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand. Hence, it is interesting and vital to analyse the compatibility of the model once fitted to Malaysian critically-ill data. Results were assessed in terms of percentage of model-fit error, both by cohort and per-patient analysis. The ICING model accomplished median fitting error of<1% over data from 63 patients. Most importantly, the median per-patients is at a low fitting error of 0.34% and per cohort is 0.35%. These results provide a promising avenue for near future simulations of developing tight glycaemic control protocol in the Malaysian intensive care unit.
Summary of the 2015 University of Michigan Sport Concussion Summit
Authors: Broglio Steven P , Baldwin Grant , Castellani Rudy J , Chrisman Sara PD , Duma Stefan , Hainline Brian , Gerstner Joanne C , Guskiewicz Kevin , Kutcher Jeffrey , Lamba Adria , McCrea Michael , Pachman Steven , Randolph Christopher , McLeod Tamara C Valovich
Published: September 2016

Discussions surrounding concussion have made their way into the public sphere over the previous decade with media attention and coverage of the injury fueling public debate. These conversations have devolved into discussions on banning contact and collision sports and raised legal questions surrounding injury management. Questions raised about concussion eclipse what science can answer, but the University of Michigan Injury Center (MI, USA) hosted a Concussion Summit in September 2015 as a means to condense, solidify and disseminate what is currently known on the topic. Areas for discussion included concussion incidence and prevention, diagnosis and management, legislation and education, legal and social aspects and future directions. A summary of those presentations are included within.
Supervisors' paternalistic leadership influences college English teachers' teaching efficacy in China
Authors: Song Chang
Published: September 2016

Using social exchange theory and the social constructivist theory of emotion, I examined the relationship between supervisors' paternalistic leadership and college English teachers' teaching efficacy in China, as well as the roles emotional creativity and professional identity played
in this relationship. Participants were 674 teachers of English at 30 colleges in China. Results of factor and correlation analyses, structural equation modeling, and regression analysis revealed that supervisors' paternalistic leadership had significantly positive effects on teachers' teaching
efficacy, and that teachers' professional identity had a meditating effect in the relationship between paternalistic leadership and teaching efficacy. In addition, teachers' emotional creativity positively moderated the relationship between supervisors' paternalistic leadership and teachers'
teaching efficacy, and emotional creativity acted as a mediated moderator of the link between these two variables. My findings contribute to comprehension of the effect mechanism of supervisors' paternalistic leadership on teachers' teaching efficacy.
DFT study on the structure and stability of Al13Bn±m clusters
Authors: Yu Jun-Zai , Zhao Feng-Qi , Xu Si-Yu , Ju Xue-Hai
Published: September 2016

Al13Bn ?m clusters were studied by the DFT-UB3LYP/6-311+G(d) method. The variations of structural and electronic properties with the changes of n and m were probed. For the Al13Bn ?m clusters, the geometry of their stable structures have a high symmetry when n ? 2, such as Al13B (C2v), Al13B+ (C2v) and Al13B2 + (D4h). The differences of the Al?B bond lengths between the most stable Al13Bn ?m clusters are within 0.066 ?, and the energy differences between the isomers (?E) are within 1.000 eV for most clusters. The stability sequence of the clusters could be influenced by charges. Most of the lowest- -energy structures of Al13Bn ?m clusters contain the B2 moiety when n ? 3. Overall, the average binding energy of neutral clusters is larger than that of the corresponding anionic clusters, but smaller than that of the cationic clusters. The neutral clusters possess higher stability when n = 3 and 5, while Al13B3 + and Al13B5 + clusters are less stable than their neighbors are. Both the fragmentation energy and second order energy difference indicate that some clusters are more stable than their corresponding differently charged species of the same size.
Interaction between Yarkovsky force and mean-motion resonances: Some specific properties
Authors: Milic-Zitnik I.
Published: September 2016

Recently, we analyzed the role of mean-motion resonances in semi-major axis
mobility of asteroids, and established a functional relationship that
describes the dependence of the average time spent inside the resonance on
the strength of this resonance and the semi-major axis drift speed. Here we
extend this analyzis in two directions. First, we study the distribution of
time delays inside the resonance and found that it could be described by the
modified Laplace asymmetric distribution. Second, we analyze how the time
spent inside the resonance depends on orbital eccentricity, and propose a
relation that allows to take into account this parameter as well.
Quality of life of hemodialysis patients waiting for kidney transplant
Authors: Dedic Gordana , Milojkovic Nenad , Cukic Zoran , Bokonjic Dubravko
Published: September 2016

Background/Aim. Dialysis and kidney transplantation are treatments that can be applied to patients with the end-stage renal disease. There is a lack of information on the quality of life (QOL) among hemodialysis (HD) patients on the waiting list for a kidney transplant, a group that is increasing all over the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of life of patients on HD waiting for a kidney transplant. Methods. In the clinical comparative 12-month study, QOL level was compared between consecutively recruited patients waiting for a kidney transplant (WT patients) (N = 24) and patients not waiting for a kidney transplant (non-WT patients) (N = 52). All patients were older than 18 years and were on HD at least three months. To measure QOL, the short Form Health Survey (SD-36) was used. Results. WT patients were younger (43.50 ? 12.64 vs 63.58 ? 13.88 years; p < 0.001), they had started dialysis in the younger age (32.38 ? 14.50 vs 57.12 ? 15.79 years; p < 0.001) and spent more time on dialysis (112.04 ? 82.48 vs 72.40 ? 81.31 months; p < 0.05) than non-WT patients. Non-WT patients had more comorbidities than WT patients (p < 0.01). In laboratory parameters, there were statistically significant differences in values of serum creatinine (p < 0.01), phosphorus (p < 0.05) and number used to quantyfy hemodialysis treatment adequacy (Kt/V index: K ? dialyzer clearance of urea; t ? dialysis time; V ? volume of distribution of urea approx equal to patients? total body water) (p < 0.05). Mean scores were higher among WT patients compared to non-WT patients in four dimensions of QOL: Physical Function (PF) (83.33 ? 10.59 vs 66.53 ? 27.87; respectively p > 0.05), Role Physical (RP) (58.66 ? 21.39 vs 46.90 ? 23.73; respectively p > 0.05), General health (GH) (45.00 ? 14.81 vs 37.98 ? 12.88; respectively p > 0.05); Social Functioning (SF) (93.66 ? 16.10 vs 78.30 ? 29.80; respectively p > 0.05) including Physical Component Summary (PCS) scores (64.16 ? 13.77 vs 52.38 ? 19.53; respectively p > 0.05). Conclusion. Patients waiting for a kidney transplant were younger, had started dialysis in the younger age and spent longer on dialysis compared with patients not eligible for transplantation. Low comorbidity, better laboratory parameters interferes in all domains with higher values of QOL in patients waiting for a kidney transplant, especially in general health, physical conditions and social functioning.
Trends in Drug Utilization, Glycemic Control, and Rates of Severe Hypoglycemia, 2006–2013
Authors: Lipska Kasia J. , Yao Xiaoxi , Herrin Jeph , McCoy Rozalina G. , Ross Joseph S. , Steinman Michael A. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Gill Thomas M. , Krumholz Harlan M. , Shah Nilay D.
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE

To examine temporal trends in utilization of glucose-lowering medications, glycemic control, and rate of severe hypoglycemia among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Using claims data from 1.66 million privately insured and Medicare Advantage patients with T2DM from 2006 to 2013, we estimated the annual 1) age- and sex-standardized proportion of patients who filled each class of agents; 2) age-, sex-, race-, and region-standardized proportion with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) <6%, 6 to <7%, 7 to <8%, 8 to <9%, ≥9%; and 3) age- and sex-standardized rate of severe hypoglycemia among those using medications. Proportions were calculated overall and stratified by age-group (18–44, 45–64, 65–74, and ≥75 years) and number of chronic comorbidities (zero, one, and two or more).

RESULTS

From 2006 to 2013, use increased for metformin (from 47.6 to 53.5%), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (0.5 to 14.9%), and insulin (17.1 to 23.0%) but declined for sulfonylureas (38.8 to 30.8%) and thiazolidinediones (28.5 to 5.6%; all P < 0.001). The proportion of patients with HbA1c <7% declined (from 56.4 to 54.2%; P < 0.001) and with HbA1c ≥9% increased (9.9 to 12.2%; P < 0.001). Glycemic control varied by age and was poor among 23.3% of the youngest and 6.3% of the oldest patients in 2013. The overall rate of severe hypoglycemia remained the same (1.3 per 100 person-years; P = 0.72), declined modestly among the oldest patients (from 2.9 to 2.3; P < 0.001), and remained high among those with two or more comorbidities (3.2 to 3.5; P = 0.36).

CONCLUSIONS

During the recent 8-year period, the use of glucose-lowering drugs has changed dramatically among patients with T2DM. Overall glycemic control has not improved and remains poor among nearly a quarter of the youngest patients. The overall rate of severe hypoglycemia remains largely unchanged.
The Status of Parthenium Hysterophorus and its Potential Management
Authors: Bhowmik P. C. , Sarkar D. , Yaduraju N. T.
Published: September 2016

Available with fulltext.EcoprintAn International Journal of EcologyVol. 14, 2007Page: 1-17Uploaded date: 31 May, 2011
Evaluation of Prescription Pattern and Rational Prescribing in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Chapagain Kumud , Pokharel Rais , Paranjape Bhaskar Diwakar
Published: September 2016

Background To promote rational prescribing and appropriate use of drugs, it is important to evaluate the prescription pattern using the World Health Organization (WHO) drug use indicators. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prescription patterns and rational prescribing at the private community pharmacies of Biratnagar, Eastern Nepal, using some of the WHO core drug use indicators.Material and Methods Five private community pharmacies were selected using systemic random sampling. Nine hundred patient encounters from these pharmacies were assessed prospectively for four months from September 2015–December 2015. Data was collected from each patient encounter and were recorded directly into a prescription indicator form.Results Average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 2.14 (n=1930). Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name and from essential drug list was 45.18% (n=872) and 76.11% (n=1469) respectively. Percentage of encounters in which antibiotic and injection was prescribed were 40.44% (n=364) and 3.44% (n=31) respectively.Conclusion Prescribing practices in Eastern Nepal are not up to the standards recommended by WHO. Drug use evaluation can help to ensure whether the antibiotics are appropriately prescribed or not. Poly-pharmacy, excessive use of antibiotics was quite common and concept of generic prescribing and National Essential Medicine List (NEML) was not appreciable. Standard guidelines should be recommended and strictly followed by the prescribers and National Formulary and NEML should be made available in every health institution. Physicians should be emphasized to prescribe medicines from NEML.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 5, Number 1, Issue 8, January-July 2016, 32-36
Comparison of General versus Spinal Anesthesia in Patients undergoing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Bhattarai Rupak , Das Chittarranjan , Paudel Bandana , Dangi Sailoj Jung
Published: September 2016

Background Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, widely used procedure by urologists for removing renal stones nowadays. Generally, it is preferred in general anesthesia but here in our study we have compared it with spinal anesthesia to know its safety and efficacy.Material and Methods Sixty patients of either sex, aged between 20-60 years, ASA – Grade I and II, with stones size larger than 15 mm posted for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy were randomly selected. Patient was divided in two groups 30 each, Spinal Anesthesia (S) and General Anesthesia (G). Patient’s stones sizes, numbers & location, Anesthesia duration, Surgical duration, Recovery duration, Blood loss and Blood transfusion, Analgesic demand, post-operative Nausea & Vomiting, Patient satisfaction, Hospital stays and Heart Rate and Mean arterial pressure between two groups were compared.Results There was no significant difference in terms of mean age, weight, stones sizes, and numbers and its location. The p value for Anesthesia duration and surgical duration were 0.144 and 0.22 which was insignificant. Recovery duration (p-value 0.007), Blood loss (p-value 0.004) were significantly lesser in spinal anesthesia group. There was no significant difference in nausea and vomiting, patient satisfaction when compared between two groups. But Analgesic demand, Blood Transfusion and Hospital stays significantly found to be decreased in spinal anesthesia groups (p<0.05). The mean of MAP showed no significant difference except in 10 and 20 minutes.Conclusion Spinal anesthesia tends to be as effective as general anesthesia for PCNL and beneficial in terms of recovery duration, blood loss, analgesic demands, hospital stays, hence decrease the cost of patient. Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 5, Number 1, Issue 8, January-July 2016, Page: 37-42