bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proteomic profiling reveals differentially expressed proteins associated with amylose accumulation during rice grain filling
Authors: Zhang Hengdong , Chen Jiana , Shah Shuanglü , Cao Fangbo , Chen Guanghui , Zou Yingbin , Huang Min , Abou-Elwafa Salah Fatouh
Published: September 2020

Background Amylose accumulation in rice grains is controlled by genetic and environmental factors. Amylose content is a determinant factor of rice quality in terms of cooking and eating. Great variations in amylose content in indica rice cultivars have been observed. The current study was to identify differentially expressed proteins in starch and sucrose metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways and their relationships to amylose synthesis using two rice cultivars possess contrasting phenotypes in grain amylose content.Results Synthesis and accumulation of amylose in rice grains significantly affected the variations between rice cultivars in amylose contents. The high amylose content cultivar has three down-regulated differentially expressed proteins, i.e., LOC_Os01g62420.1, LOC_Os02g36600.1, and LOC_Os08g37380.2 in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway, which limit the glycolytic process and decrease the glucose-1-phosphate consumption. In the starch and sucrose metabolic pathway, an up-regulated protein, i.e., LOC_Os06g04200.1 and two down-regulated proteins, i.e., LOC_Os05g32710.1 and LOC_Os04g43360.1 were identified (Figure 4). Glucose-1-phosphate is one of the first substrates in starch synthesis and glycolysis that are catalyzed to form adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG), then the ADPG is catalyzed by granule-bound starch synthase Ⅰ (GBSS I) to elongate amylose.Conclusions The results indicate that decreasing the consumption of glucose-1-phosphate in the glycolytic process is essential for the formation of ADPG and UDPG, which are substrates for amylose synthesis. In theory, amylose content in rice can be regulated by controlling the fate of glucose-1-phosphate.
Oxidative Stress, Trace and Toxic Metal Levels In Alzheimer’S Disease In Sub-Sahara Africa
Authors: OMOTOSHO ISHIAQ Olayinka , Ngwube Michael Roland , ABDUMALIK Jibril Omuya
Published: September 2020

BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD), an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of memory has been attributed to oxidative stress induced by accumulation of Amyloid (Aβ) protein in the brain; environmental and genetic alterations have been implicated as the pathogenesis of the disease. This work investigated levels of selected trace (Iron, Zinc and Copper) and toxic (Cadmium and Lead) metals in AD patients.MethodIn this case-control study, a total of 38 participants (aged ≥ 60 years) consisting of 18 clinically diagnosed AD subjects and 20 apparently healthy age-matched adults were recruited from the University College Hospital Ibadan Geriatric Centre. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain demographic information, clinical history, lifestyle and dietary patterns from participants. Blood levels of iron, copper, zinc, lead and cadmium were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS); levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and total plasma peroxide (TPP) were determined spectrophotometrically, while oxidative stress index (OSI) and copper to zinc ratio (Cu:Zn) were calculated.ResultsMean plasma level of zinc was significantly lower in cases (86.04 ± 11.07 µg/dl) compared to controls (108.80 ± 12.47 µg/dl), while blood lead (13.85 ± 2.96 µg/dl, 8.32 ± 2.10 µg/dl) and cadmium (1.34 ± 0.71 µg/L, 0.71 ± 0.14 µg/L) levels were significantly higher in cases than in controls respectively. Although Fe and Cu levels were similar in cases and controls, Cu:Zn ratio was significantly elevated in cases compared to controls (p = 0.000). Though other OS markers were not significantly different in both groups, TPP was significantly higher in cases (64.96 ± 7.20 µmol/H2O2 vs. 55.41 ± 2.38 µmol/H2O2) while MDA correlated inversely with TAC in cases (r= − 0.477, p = 0.045).DiscussionThe low plasma Zn coupled with high blood Pb and Cd levels may precipitate the elevated TPP and Cu:Zn ratio in cases. The reduced metallothionine defense of the system as indicated by the elevated Cu:Zn ratio in cases may also exacerbate this problem.ConclusionThe damaging effect of increasing toxic metal levels may be accentuating development of oxidative stress facilitating the progression of AD.
Comparative effectiveness of dulaglutide versus liraglutide in Asian type 2 diabetes patients: a multi-institutional cohort study and meta-analysis
Authors: Chang Kai-Cheng , Shao Shih-Chieh , Kuo Shihchen , Yang Chen-Yi , Chen Hui-Yu , Chan Yuk-Ying , Ou Huang-tz
Published: September 2020

Background Head-to-head comparison of clinical effectiveness between dulaglutide and liraglutide in Asia is limited. This study was aimed to assess the real-world comparative effectiveness of dulaglutide versus liraglutide. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study by utilizing multi-institutional electronic medical records to identify real-world type 2 diabetes patients treated with dulaglutide or liraglutide during 2016-2018 in Taiwan and followed up until 2019. Effectiveness outcomes were assessed at every three months in the one-year follow-up. Propensity score techniques were applied to enhance between-group comparability. Significant differences in changes of effectiveness outcomes between treatment groups during the follow-up were examined and further analyzed using mixed-model repeated-measures approaches. Results A total of 1,512 subjects receiving dulaglutide and 1,513 subjects receiving liraglutide were identified. At 12 months, significant HbA1c changes from baseline were found in both treatments (dulaglutide: -1.06%, p<0.001; liraglutide: -0.83%, p<0.001), with a significant between-group difference (-0.23%, 95% confidence interval: -0.38 to -0.08%, p<0.01). Both treatments yielded significant declines in weight, alanine aminotransferase level, and estimated glomerular filtration rate from baseline (dulaglutide: -1.14 kg, -3.08 U/L and -2.08 ml/min/1.73 m2, p<0.01; liraglutide: -1.64 kg, -3.65 U/L and -2.33 ml/min/1.73 m2, p<0.001), whereas only dulaglutide yielded a significant systolic blood pressure reduction (-2.47 mmHg, p<0.001). Between-group differences in changes of weight, blood pressure, and liver and renal functions at 12 months were not statistically significant. Conclusions In real-world T2D patients, dulaglutide versus liraglutide was associated with better glycemic control and comparable effects on changes of weight, blood pressure, and liver and renal functions.
Exploring the Effects of the Health Cloud Platform Management Service System Combined with the Grid Partition Grading Supervision for Controlling COVID-19 in the General Hospital
Authors: Qi Mengsha , liu shuyun , Wang Yuchan , Liu Jun , Wu Liguo , Liu Zhihui , Yu Xuehong
Published: September 2020

Background: The study aimed to explores the effects that a new management method for prevention and control of COVID-19 in the general hospital.Methods: The study conducted empirical research to explores the effect of the service system and the supervision in the prevention and control of COVID-19 in the general hospital in China. Results: By comparing the efficiency, we can see that using the service system, combined with the grid partition grading supervision, can effectively prevent cross-infection in the hospital, protect the physical and mental health of medical staff. Conclutions: Constructing the health cloud platform management service system combined with the grid partition grading supervision has a significant effect in preventing cross-infection in the hospital and protecting the physical and mental health of medical staff during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak in Dental Service Utilization Reported by Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Centre: Mixed Quantitative-qualitative Study
Authors: Shrestha Ashish , Bhagat Tarakant , Agrawal Santosh Kumari , Gautam Ujwal
Published: September 2020

Background: COVID-19 poses a major public health calamity. Its wider impact on health service utilization is yet to be studied. The study aims to assess dental problems faced by patients during the COVID-19 outbreak and the possible reasons in failing to seek dental careMethods: A cross-sectional quantitative-qualitative design was employed to assess the outcomes among patients reporting to a tertiary care centre. Participants were selected by convenient sampling and interviewed using structured questionnaire. Responses were transcribed, translated and coded before analyzing for the themes by thematic analysis. Quantitative component of the study was analyzed by descriptive and inferential methods.Result: Mean age of the participants was 43.7 years (SD: 16.1). Most of them (63%) reported not having had an oral examination in the past year while 62% reported being unable to seek dental treatment during the pandemic. Pain, sequelae of pain and other self-perceived urgent causes were identified as the major problems faced by the participant. Similarly, the reasons for not being able to seek dental treatment were grouped as fear of transmission, lack of transportation and lockdown, unavailability of health services, misinformation, lack of communication from hospital regarding its services, and deferred treatment by the hospitals.Conclusion: Pain remains the ultimate trigger for care seeking behaviour. Dental service utilization was reported to be influenced by a number of factors during COVID-19. The pandemic seemed to add up to the already pre-existing dilemma in seeking dental care. A conceptual framework has been suggested to aid further researches in the future for looking into the impacts from such pandemics.
Identification of metabolism-associated genes and construction of a prognostic signature in bladder cancer
Authors: Shen Chengquan , Liu Jing , Wang Liping , Liang Zhijuan , Niu Haitao , Wang Yonghua
Published: September 2020

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is a commonly diagnosed malignant tumor in the urinary system, with a high morbidity and recurrence rate. Current studies indicated that metabolism-associated genes (MAGs) having critical roles in the etiology of BC. The present study aims to identify differentially expressed MAGs and construct a MAGs based prognostic risk signature for BC by using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and proteomics data. Methods: RNA-sequence data from the TCGA database and proteomics data from our BC samples were used to identify differentially expressed MAGs and construct a MAGs based prognostic signature in BC. Subsequently, survival analysis and nomogram were used to evaluate the prognostic and predictive value of the MAGs based signature in BC. RNA isolation and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was further perform to investigate the expression levels of MAGs in BC cells and explore the relationship between MAGs and M2 tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) secreted transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in BC cells.Results: A total of 23 differentially expressed MAGs were identified and five MAGs were finally used to construct a MAGs based signature. Survival analysis revealed that the MAGs based signature was closely correlated with the survival outcomes of patients with BC. A nomogram with the MAGs based signature risk score and clinical features also constructed to facilitate the individualized prediction of BC patients. RT-qPCR showed that five MAGs were significantly differentially expressed and the expression levels of three MAGs were positively correlated with M2 TAM secreted TGF-β1 in T24 cells.Conclusions: Our study identified novel prognostic MAGs and constructed a MAGs based signature, which can be used as an independent factor in evaluating the prognosis of patients with BC. Furthermore, M2 TAMs may promote the expression of MAGs via the TGF-β1 signaling pathway in the microenvironment of BC. Further clinical trials and experimental exploration are needed to validate our observations in BC.
Infant Processed Food Consumption and their Interaction to Breastfeeding and Growth in Children up to Six Months Old
Authors: Neves Renata Oliveira , Guimarães Luciano Santos Pinto , Bosa Vera Lúcia , Nunes Leandro Meirelles , Silva Clécio Homrich da , Goldani Marcelo Zubaran , Bernardi Juliana Rombaldi
Published: September 2020

Background
Evidences suggest that early processed food consumption may cause harms to infant health. During the first six months of life, it is not known whether timing and quantity of this food group can impact in breastfeeding and growth. The aim was to analyze the interaction between infant processed food consumption and their relation to breastfeeding and infant growth up to six months old.
Methods
Longitudinal study with a sample of newborns in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Data were collected in six interviews, from birth to six months, in a sample of infants with adverse intrauterine environments. Processed food consumption was calculated by gravity score food (GSF) in relation to feeding supply quality and time. For the analysis, the scores were divided into tertiles, making scores severities: Null, Mild, Moderate and Severe. It was tested its interaction with breastfeeding (exclusive and nonexclusive) and growth (analyzed in Z-scores, by weight for height and body mass index for age).
Results
A total of 236 infants were included in the study. Greater GSF were associated with better rates of breastfeeding practices and higher growth indicators scores in the sixth month of infants. The adjusted analyzes for family income, maternal age and pre-gestational body mass index confirmed these findings.
Conclusion
The harms of eating processed foods are more evident the greater and earlier they are consumed, in relation to breastfeeding and infant growth. Future studies should explore interventions to reduce consumption of these foods to prevent adverse health outcomes in later life.
Screening and Referral is Not Enough: A Qualitative Exploration of Barriers to Access and Uptake of Mental Health Services in Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Collopy Catherine M , Cosh Suzanne M , Tully Phillip J
Published: September 2020

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are commonly comorbid with mental health disorders, portending poorer cardiac prognosis. Despite the high prevalence of depression and anxiety, and guidelines recommending routine depression screening and referral, uptake of mental healthcare in CVD populations remains low. Reasons for the underutilisation of mental health and psychological services for this population remain largely unknown.Methods: Thirteen CVD patients with clinically significant psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety and/or stress) participated in one-on-one in-depth semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.Results: Barriers to uptake included the timing of referral and screening, with patients reporting a need for longer term follow-up. A lack of information provision and understanding around mental health and services, especially following cardiac-events were further barriers. A reluctance to report mental health or engage in services was also identified, with patients indicating a preference for informal peer support networks. A range of practical barriers such as mobility, transport and cost were also reported. Conclusions: Longer term follow-up and routine mental health assessment may be beneficial to facilitate use of mental health services. Upskilling of practitioners around mental health may be a further avenue to promote information provision and enhance service use. Further focus on enhancing informal peer support may be a valuable initial approach for the CVD population. The implications for improving services and enhancing service use are discussed.
Adverse Reactions of Targeted Therapy in Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Study of Hospital Medical Data in China
Authors: Du Ruofei , Ma Lixia , Larcher Leon M. , Tang Han , Zhou Huiyue , Chen Changying , Wang Tao
Published: September 2020

Background: The adverse reactions (ADR) of targeted therapy were closely related to the treatment efficacy, quality of life (QoL) and prognosis of cancer patients. However, few studies analyzed the ADR of targeted therapy and their effects on cancer patients. This study was conducted to describe the incidence and characteristics of ADR in cancer patients with targeted therapy and outcomes associated with ADR based on hospital medical data.Methods: A retrospective secondary data analysis was conducted using ADR data in hospital medical record collected from a cohort (n=2,703 with targeted therapy) in three hospitals of Henan, China from January 2018 to December 2019. The type, classification, occurrence time and duration of ADR, medication compliance and drug application, QoL, disease progress and survival of patients were analyzed.Results: A total of 485 patients met the inclusion criteria. 296 (61.0%) patients had ADR during target therapy. The top five ADR in this study were damage to skin, fatigue, mucosal damage, hypertension and gastrointestinal discomfort. 62.1% of the ADR were mild to moderate, more than half of the ADR occurred within one month, 68.6% ADR lasted more than one month. Older patients (P=0.022) and patients with lower education level (P=0.036), more than 2 comorbidities (P=0.021), longer medication time (P=0.022), drug combination (P=0.033) and intravenous administration (P=0.019) were more likely to have ADR. Those who had ADR were more likely to stop taking (P=0.025), change (P=0.010), adjust (P=0.019), or not take the medicine on time (P=0.022), or undergo cancer recurrence (P=0.027) and show higher rates of metastasis (P=0.009) .Conclusion: The incidence of ADR in cancer patients during targeted therapy was high. Age, education level, comorbidity and medication strategy can affect ADR. Furthermore, ADR would affect the treatment and prognosis of patients. We should pay more attention to these ADRs and develop effective management strategies.
Dynamic Trends in Skin Barrier Function From Birth to Age 6 Months and Infantile Atopic Dermatitis: A Chinese Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ye Ying , Zhao Piaoping , Dou Limin , Zhang Yi , Ken Kaku , Gu Hongjian , Dou Yalan , Gao Wei , He Lingfeng , Chen Xiaotian , Huang Xiangyuan , Zhang Lei , Li Yun , Wang Liuhui , Yan Weili
Published: September 2020

BackgroundSkin barrier functions develop after birth and may be related to skin disorders in infants. ObjectivesWe aimed to assess associations between dynamic trends of four skin barrier functional parameters in early life with infant atopic dermatitis (AD).MethodsBased on the prospective cohort MKNFOAD (NCT02889081), we examined transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration (SCH), skin pH, and sebum content at five anatomical sites (cheek, forehead, forearm, abdomen, and lower leg) in 418 term infants at birth, 42 days, and 6 months. Trend differences by sex and association with AD at age 1 year were tested using variance analyses. Associations of the parameters with AD risk were tested using discrete time survival analysis, adjusting extensive covariates including parental history of allergy, infant’s sex, birth weight (kg), and delivery mode. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) were reported.ResultsOverall TEWL and SCH appeared trends of increase while skin surface pH and sebum content showed trends of decrease within the first 6 postnatal months. Sex differences were significant for sebum content only (p<0.001). After adjustment for parental and children covariates, cheek TEWL (OR=1.26, 95% CI 1.00–1.57, p=0.045) at birth and 42 days (OR=1.52, 95% CI 1.17–1.97, p=0.002) were significantly associated with increased AD risk. Associations were not observed between SCH, skin pH, and sebum content at birth or 42 days with AD. ConclusionsSkin barrier functions of Chinese term infants varied nonlinearly after birth. Higher postnatal TEWL levels in early life indicate higher risk of early-onset AD.
Mapping and Characterization QTLs for Phenological Traits in Seven Pedigree-connected Peach Families
Authors: Rawandoozi Zena , Hartmann Timothy , Carpenedo Silvia , Gasic Ksenija , Linge Cassia da Silva , Cai Lichun , de Weg Eric Van , Byrne David
Published: September 2020

BackgroundEnvironmental adaptation and expanding harvest seasons are primary goals of most peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] breeding programs. Breeding perennial crops is a challenging task due to their long breeding cycles and large tree size. Pedigree-based analysis using pedigreed families followed by haplotype construction creates a platform for QTL and marker identification, validation, and the use of marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.ResultsPhenotypic data of seven F1 low to medium chill full-sib families were collected over two years at two locations and genotyped using the 9K SNP Illumina array. Three QTLs were discovered for bloom date (BD) and mapped on linkage group 1 (LG1) (172 – 182 cM), LG4 (48 – 54 cM), and LG7 (62 – 70 cM), explaining 17-54%, 11-55%, and 11-18% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. The QTL for ripening date (RD) and fruit development period (FDP) on LG4 was co-localized at the central part of LG4 (40 - 46 cM) and explained between 40-75% of the phenotypic variance. Haplotype analyses revealed SNP haplotypes and predictive SNP marker(s) associated with desired QTL alleles and the presence of multiple functional alleles with different effects for a single locus for RD and FDP.ConclusionsA multiple pedigree-linked families approach validated major QTLs for the three key phenological traits which were reported in previous studies across diverse materials, geographical distributions, and QTL mapping methods. Haplotype characterization of these genomic regions differentiates this study from the previous QTL studies. Our results will provide the peach breeder with the haplotypes for three BD QTLs and one RD/FDP QTL for the creation of predictive DNA-based molecular marker tests to select parents and/or seedlings that have desired QTL alleles and cull unwanted genotypes in early seedling stages.
Factors for Postoperative Recurrence of Orbital Solitary Fibrous Tumor: An Analysis of Long-Term Clinical Follow-Up Results From a Chinese Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Yang Peng , Liu Hao-Cheng , Qiu E , Wang Wei , Zhang Jia-Liang , Jiang Li-Bing , Liu Hong-Gang , Kang Jun
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThis study analyzed the clinical features, imaging manifestations, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and surgical approaches of the orbital solitary fibrous tumor (OSFT), as well as the factors for postoperative recurrence of such disease.MethodsThe clinical data of 16 patients with OSFT treated in our center from 2003 to 2020 were analyzed retrospectively, and the clinical symptoms, treatment methods, and follow-up results were recorded.ResultsOf the 16 patients, 8 were females (50.0%) and 8 were males (50.0%); the average age of treatment was 37 ± 7 years and the median follow-up time was 74 (8, 228) months. Sixteen patients with OSFT underwent a total of 29 operations, of which 12 were transorbital approach operations and 17 were transfronto-orbital approach operations. Ten patients (10/16, 62.5%) had recurrence. The recurrence rate of transorbital approach operations was 83.3% (10/12), and the recurrence rate of transfronto-orbital approach operations was 17.6% (3/17). No patients had treatment-related complications.ConclusionsThe main pathological feature of OSFT is a benign tumor. OSFT has a tendency to grow toward the cranio-orbital junction. The postoperative recurrence rate of OSFT is relatively high, so complete tumor resection is very important for prognosis. Inappropriate surgical approaches can lead to incomplete removal of the tumor and cause recurrence. Choosing the correct operation approach according to the position of the OSFT in the orbit and complete removal of the dura mater and bone affected by the tumor is crucial for the prognosis. Nevertheless, regular long-term follow-up after complete resection is necessary.
Modified Meso-rex Bypass With Umbilical Vein Recanalization and Intra-operative Stenting
Authors: Tang Rui , Yu Lihan , Wu Guangdong , Li Ang , Lee I Chin , Zhang Yuewei , Yang Xiuyu , Liu Ying , Lu Qian
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of a novel modified Meso-Rex bypass surgical technique with umbilical vein recanalization and intraoperative stenting to treat portal vein cavernous transformation. MethodsIn total, 13 portal vein cavernous transformation patients underwent traditional Meso-Rex bypass surgery (Group A, n=8), modified Meso-Rex bypass without stent implantation (Group B, n=1) and modified Meso-Rex bypass with intraoperative stent implantation (Group C, n=4). ResultsIn Group A, the bypass diameter was 2-6 mm (median 3.3 mm) and blood flow velocity 25-115 cm/s (median 75 cm/s) 1 month after Meso-Rex bypass surgery, with open bypass times of 0-59 months (median 16 months); 5 patients in this group developed postoperative Meso-Rex bypass occlusions. One patient in Group B needed a thrombectomy and stent implantation during a second surgery 2 days after the modified Meso-Rex bypass, because of bypass thrombosis and umbilical vein stenosis. In Group C, the average Meso-Rex bypass diameter was 5.5-6.5 mm (median 6 mm) and the bypass vessels remained open in all patients, with blood flow rates of 45-100 cm/s (median 76.5 cm/s) 1 month after Meso-Rex bypass, up to the endpoint (12-26 months, median 18 months). The rate of bypass occlusions in Group A and Group C were 25%, 0%; 25%, 0% and 50%, 0% at 1 month, 3 months and 1 year, respectively, after Meso-Rex bypass surgery.ConclusionsOur novel modified Meso-Rex bypass approach for portal vein cavernous transformation treatment was effective with excellent long-term bypass patency.
Plant virus evolution under strong drought conditions results in a transition from parasitism to mutualism
Authors: González Rubén , Butkovic Anamarija , Escaray Francisco , Martínez-Latorre Javier , Melero Ízan , Pèrez-Parets Enric , Gómez-Cadenas Aurelio , Carrasco Pedro , Elena Santiago
Published: September 2020

Environmental conditions are an important factor driving pathogens evolution. Here we explore the effects of drought stress in plant virus evolution. We evolved a potyvirus in well-watered and drought conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions that differ in their response to virus infection. Virus adaptation occurred in all accessions independently of watering status. Drought-evolved viruses conferred a significantly higher tolerance to drought to infected plants. By contrast, non-significant increases in tolerance were observed in plants infected with viruses evolved under standard watering. The magnitude of this effect was dependent on the plant accessions. Differences in tolerance were correlated to alterations in the expression of host genes, some involved in regulation of the circadian clock, as well as in deep changes in the balance of phytohormones regulating defense and growth signaling pathways. Our results show that viruses can promote host survival in situations of abiotic stress, being the magnitude of such benefit a selectable trait.
Isolated Pulmonary Valve Endocarditis with Rapid Progress: a Case Report and Literatures Reivew
Authors: Zhang Ming-Xuan , Zhang Wei-Min , Yu Chan , Zhao Bo-Wen , Chen Ran , Pan Mei , Wang Bei
Published: September 2020

Background: Isolated pulmonary valve endocarditis (IPE) is rare, accounting for 1.5-2% of all cases of infective endocarditis. Herein, we describe a case of isolated pulmonary valve endocarditis in a 28-year-old male with rapid progress. Unlike most patients reported before who were cured only by anti-infective therapy, without surgery at early stage, multiple complications occured in this patient in less than 2 weeks.Case presentation: The patient was diagnosed as pulmonary valve endocarditis with blood cultures showing Staphylococcus aureus and echocardiogram revealing 2 masses (measured 14*13mm、11*16mm respectively). Only 12 days later, acute massive pulmonary embolism occured. Then repeated echocardiogram revealed multiple massed attached to pulmonary valve with severe pulmonary insufficiency and possibility of pulmonary valve destruction. Finally, pulmonary valve replacement, vegetation removal, right pulmonary thromboendarterectomy together with resection of the middle and lower lobes of the right lung were performed. Conclusions:The role of surgery at early stage might need reconsideration, it may be viable to combine medical and surgical approaches.
Molecular Hydrogen Alleviates Asthma Through Inhibiting IL-33/ILC2 Axis
Authors: Zhang Jingxi , Feng Xiumin , Fan Yunxin , Ning Yunye , Bai Chong
Published: September 2020

Background: Asthma is one of the most common noninfectious chronic diseases characterized by type II inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of molecular hydrogen on the pathogenesis of asthma.Methods: OVA sensitized asthma mouse model was established and hydrogen/oxygen mixture was used to treat asthmatic mice. Serum and BALF cytokines were measured with specific ELISA assays. E-cadherin and ZO-1 were detected by immunohistochemical staining and expression of caspase 3 and 9, NF-kB, IL-33 and ST2 was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, western blot and / or immunofluorescence. IL-33 promoter activity was analyzed by dual-luciferase assay. ILC2 population was assayed by flow cytometry and differentially expressed miRNAs were detected using miRNA array. Results: Serum and BALF levels of IL-33 and other alarmin and type II cytokines were greatly increased by OVA and inhibited by H2 in asthmatic mice. The expression of NF-kB (p65) and ST2 was upregulated by OVA and suppressed by H2. ILC2 population was markedly increased in OVA-induced asthmatic mice, and such increase was inhibited by H2. E-cadherin and ZO-1 levels in airway tissues of asthmatic mice were significantly lower than that of control mice, and the reduction was recovered by H2 treatment. H2 alleviated HDM induced apoptosis of 16HBE cells, upregulation of IL-33 and ST2, and elevation of IL-33 promoter activity. A group of miRNAs differentially expressed in HDM and HDM+H2 treated 16HBE cells were identified. Conclusions: These data demonstrated that H2 is efficient in suppressing allergen-induced asthma and could be developed as a therapeutic method for asthma and other conditions of type II inflammation.
Pulmonary fibrosis following infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a pregnant woman: case report
Authors: Moeindarbary Somaye , Dadgar Salmeh , Layegh Parvaneh , Shahriari Zahra , Fayyaz Faezeh , Danesteh Sina , Rafiee Mahdi , Bahrami Milad
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the third coronavirus that make a global concern in 21th century. Pregnant women are particularly at higher risk of developing severe viral pneumonia, possibly because of a partial immune suppression during their pregnancy. Under such critical and rapidly evolving circumstances, these poor findings might be helpful for the treatment of infected pregnant women with 2019-nCoV.Case presentation: In this study, we have reported a pregnant woman at 25 gestational weeks with COVID-19 who has developed severe complications, including hypoxemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pulmonary fibrosis, and bilateral pleural effusion. In the end, she died one month after admission to the hospital.Conclusion: Pregnant population are especially more at risk of viral pneumonia caused by coronaviruses, further research on the prevention and treatment of new coronavirus is necessary.
To determine the prevalence of hypertension and its lifestyle risk factors in Amhara Region of Debre Birehan Town among Zonal Civil Servants, Ethiopia
Authors: Wolle Solomon Zewdu , Kebed Shamble Mengesha , Alemu Zewdie Aderaw
Published: September 2020

Background: Hypertension is defined as arterial blood pressure that exceeds 140/90mmhg. Hypertension is one of the most common disease afflicting humans throughout the world. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among Debre Berhan Zonal sector civil servants. Methods: Cross sectional systematic random sampling study were conducted on civil servants of Debre Berhan Zonal sectors by taking a total sample size of 264. And physical measurement based data were collected by investigators through structured and pretested interview administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 259 (98.1%) participants were included in this study. Prevalence of hypertension was 68(26.2%) and undiagnosed hypertension was 34 (13.3%). About 43% of the respondents reported they had never checked their blood pressure within the past 2 years and above. Factors found to be associated with hypertension include: older age, educational status, family history of hypertension, current cigarette smoker and obesity.Conclusions and Recommendations: There was high prevalence of both diagnosed and undiagnosed hypertension. There is an urgent need for strategies and program to prevent and control high blood pressure, and promote healthy lifestyle.
CCL2 Facilitates Spinal Synaptic Transmission and Pain via Interaction With Presynaptic CCR2 in Spinal Nociceptor Terminals 
Authors: Ma Sui-Bin , Xian Hang , Wu Wen-Bin , Ma Shuo-Yao , Liu Yu-Ke , Liang Yu-Tong , Guo Huan , Kang Jun-Jun , Liu Ying-Ying , Zhang Hui , Wu Sheng-Xi , Luo Ceng , Xie Rougang
Published: September 2020

Previous studies have shown that CCL2 may cause chronic pain, but the exact mechanism of central sensitization is unclear. In this article, we further explore the presynaptic role of CCL2. Behavioral experiments show that intervertebral foramen injection CCR2 antagonists into dorsal root ganglion (DRG) can inhibit the inflammatory pain caused by CCL2 in spinal cord. We raised the question of the role of presynaptic CCR2 in the spinal dorsal horn. Subsequent electron microscopy experiments showed that CCR2 was expressed in the presynaptic CGRP terminal in the spinal dorsal horn. CCL2 can enhance presynaptic calcium signal. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings showed that CCL2 can enhance NMDAR-eEPSCs through presynaptic effects, and further application of glutamate sensor method proved that CCL2 can act on presynaptic CCR2 to increase the release of presynaptic glutamate. In conclusion, we suggest that CCL2 can directly act on the CCR2 on presynaptic terminals of sensory neurons in the spinal dorsal horn, leading to an increase in the release of presynaptic glutamate and participate in the formation of central sensitization.
Traditional Food Plants of the Upper Aswa River Catchment of Northern Uganda - A Cultural Crossroads
Authors: Masters Eliot Thomas
Published: September 2020

Background In the parkland agroforestry system of northern Uganda, smallholder farming households rely on a diversity of plant species to fulfil their nutritional requirements, many of which also serve a range of medicinal, cultural and livelihood functions. A longitudinal study of the utilization and management of on-farm plant biodiversity by rural communities was undertaken, over several decades, with a specific focus on wild and semi-cultivated food plants. The purpose of the study was to assemble an inventory of indigenous plant species used as food in four districts within the Aswa River catchment of northern Uganda.MethodsFocus group discussions were conducted at 34 locations. Plant specimens were collected during field walks, and submitted to the Makerere University Herbarium for identification. Key informant interviews were conducted to document the botanical, ecological, seasonal and alimentary attributes of each species, and details of its processing and utilization.Results The study presents the edible plants of four districts in the Aswa River catchment of northern Uganda. A total of 232 key informant interviews yielded 1,303 use reports (URs) for 373 identified specimens of 95 edible species. The data constitute an inventory of on-farm plant species, including cultivated, semi-cultivated and wild plants, integrated into a parkland agroforestry system in which useful trees and other plant species are sustained and managed under cultivation. Conclusions Agricultural and on-farm plant biodiversity may be seen as a food security resource, and a nutritional buffer against increasing risks and stressors on low-input smallholder agriculture. Further studies should assess the intra-species biodiversity of these resources, with respect to farmer-valued traits and vernacular (folk) classification systems.
Characteristics and Clinical Significance of Spondylolisthetic and Spino-pelvic Sagittal Parameters in Kyphotic Low-grade Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Xu Chongqing , Yin Mengchen , Mo Wen
Published: September 2020

Background: Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) has been a common disease that make increasing patients suffer from different degrees of low back pain and radicular symptoms. At present, the incidence of kyphosis in DLS and the differences in spinal sagittal morphology between kyphotic and non-kyphotic DLS still remain unclear. Our study aimed to determine the incidence of kyphosis in DLS, explore the characteristics of spondylolisthetic and spino-pelvic sagittal parameters, and evaluate the impact of kyphosis on the life quality of patients with DLS.Methods/Design: All 108 patients with L4/5 low-grade DLS were enrolled and divided into kyphotic and non-kyphotic group. 2 spine surgeons who have certain clinical experience were selected to measure the spondylolisthetic and spino-pelvic parameters, as well as visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI). Differences between the 2 groups and characteristics of measurements were analyzed.Results: The inter-observer agreement of all parameters between the 2 spine surgeons were excellent with each ICC > 0.75. Kyphotic group had higher SA, SD, SDM, SAM, PDH, PT and SVA, and lower ADH, SS and LL than those in non-kyphotic group (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in PI and TK between the two groups (p > 0.05).Conclusion: The incidence of kyphotic spondylolisthesis in patients with L4/5 low-grade DLS is 16.7%. Compared with those in non-kyphotic group, patients with kyphosis show inferior results of spondylolisthetic parameters, more severe loss of LL, more obvious pelvic retroversion and trunk anteversion, which indicates worse spino-pelvic sagittal balance. In addition, their quality of life was significantly lower than that of patients in non-kyphotic group.
In Vitro Evaluation of The Activity of Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Aztreonam-Avibactam Against 76 Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia Isolates From A Teaching Hospital in Chongqing
Authors: Lin Qiuxia , Zou Hua , Chen Xian , Wu Menglu , Ma Deyu , Yu Hanbing , Niu Siqiang , Huang Shifeng
Published: September 2020

Background: Treatment options for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) infections were limited. We assessed the efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) and aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) against a selection of 76 S. maltophilia out of the 1179 strains isolated from the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University during 2011-2018.Methods: We investigated the antimicrobial resistance profiles of the 1179 S. maltophilia clinical isolates from the first affiliated hospital of Chongqing Medical University during 2011-2018, a collection of 76 isolates of which were available for further study of microbiological characterization. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ceftazidime (CAZ), ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI), aztreonam (ATM) and aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) were determined via the broth microdilution method. We deemed that CAZ-AVI or ATM-AVI was more effective in vitro than CAZ or ATM alone when CAZ-AVI or ATM-AVI led to a category change from “Resistant” with CAZ or ATM alone to “Susceptible” or “Intermediate” with CAZ-AVI or ATM-AVI, or if the MIC of CAZ-AVI or ATM-AVI was at least 2-fold lower than the MIC of CAZ or ATM alone.Results: For the 76 clinical isolates included in the study, MICs of CAZ, ATM, CAZ-AVI and ATM-AVI ranged from 0.03-64, 1-1024, 0.016-64, and 0.06-64 μg/mL, respectively. In combined therapy, AVI was effective at restoring the susceptibility of 48.48% (16/33) and 89.71% (61/68) of S. maltophilia to CAZ and ATM, respectively. Furthermore, CAZ-AVI showed better results in terms of the proportion of susceptible isolates (77.63% vs.56.58%, P<0.001), MIC50 (2μg/mL vs. 8μg/mL, P<0.05), and MIC distribution (P<0.001) when compared to CAZ. According to our definition, CAZ-AVI was more effective in vitro than CAZ alone for 84.21% of the isolates. Similarly, ATM-AVI also showed better results in terms of the proportion of susceptible isolates (90.79%vs. 10.53%, P<0.001), MIC50 (2μg/mL vs. 64μg/mL, P<0.001), and MIC distribution (P<0.001) when compared to ATM. According to our definition, ATM-AVI was also more effective in vitro than ATM alone for 97.37% of the isolates.Conclusions: AVI potentiated the activity of both CAZ and ATM against S. maltophilia clinical isolates in vitro. We demonstrated that CAZ-AVI and ATM-AVI are both useful therapeutic options to treat infections caused by S. maltophilia.
The Impact of Spousal Chronic Health Shock on Subjective Well-Being Among Elderly in China: An Urban-Rural Dimension
Authors: Zhou Zhongliang , Cao Dan , Zhao Yaxin , Zhao Dantong , Ren Yangling , Nawaz Rashed , Zhang Jian , Shen Chi , Liu Guanping , Zhai Xiaohui , Fan Xiaojing , Gao Jianmin
Published: September 2020

Backgrounds Chronic conditions could bring not only heavy economic burden on families, but also had negative emotional and mental impacts to patients and their family members. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of chronic health shock of elderly people on spousal subjective well-being in China from urban-rural dimension.Methods We used two most recent databases —2011 and 2015—of China Health and Nutrition Survey, and the total sample were categorized into urban sample and rural sample. Participants were defined as treatment group if his/her spouse was diagnosed with chronic disease in 2015 and not diagnosed in 2011; others were defined as control group. Propensity score matching was used to evaluate the average treatment effect of treated(ATT)of spousal chronic health shock. Ordinary linear square(OLS) regression was also deployed to explore the relationship between spousal chronic health shock and subjective well-being.Results The total sample size was 2577, with 1023 in urban area and 1554 in rural area. ATT in urban area was -0.209 in radius matching with caliper, and it is statistically significant; however, in rural area, ATT was 0.069, and it didn’t achieve statistical significance. The results of OLS regression after PSM also suggested that spousal chronic health shock had a negative effect on subjective well-being of urban elderly, and for rural elderly, there was no such an effect.Conclusions Our study highlights more attention needs to be paid in subjective well-being of individual whose spouse suffers from chronic conditions, especially in urban China.
Ultrasound-Accelerated Thrombolysis in High-Risk Perioperative Pulmonary Embolism: Two Case Reports and Review of Literature
Authors: Schmidt Götz , Edinger Fabian , Koch Christian , Wolff Matthias , Biehl Christoph , Hörbelt Rüdiger , Sander Michael
Published: September 2020

Background: Treatment of high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) in perioperative patients remains challenging. Systemic thrombolysis is associated with a high risk of major bleedings and intracranial haemorrhage. High mortality rates are reported for open pulmonary embolectomy. Therefore, postoperative surgical patients may benefit substantially from catheter-directed ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis (USAT).Case summary: We report two cases of high-risk perioperative PE. Both patients developed severe haemodynamic instability leading to cardiac arrest. After the implantation of a veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), they were both successfully treated with USAT. Adequate improvement of right ventricular function was achieved; thus, ECMO could be successfully weaned after three and four days, respectively. Both patients showed favourable outcomes and could be discharged to rehabilitation. Discussion: The current European guideline on treatment of PE offers no specific therapies for perioperative patients with high-risk PE. However, systemic thrombolysis is often excluded due to the perioperative setting and the risk of major bleeding. Catheter-directed thrombolysis was shown to utilise less thrombolytic agent while obtaining comparable thrombolytic effects. The risk for major bleeding (including intracranial haemorrhage) is also significantly lowered. Conclusion: Further prospective randomised controlled trials are necessary to determine the value of USAT treatment of high-risk PE in perioperative patients.
WITHDRAWN: Observing patterns in MRI with QSM in Patients with SOD1 and C9ORF72 Genetic ALS
Authors: Warner DO Robin
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The most common forms of familial ALS are due to the C9ORF72 and SOD1 genes. Pathology studies have demonstrated patients with C9ORF72 ALS tend to develop more protein aggregates in the cerebellum and temporal lobes, while SOD1 patients develop more protein aggregates in the frontal and temporal lobes. (REF). Other means of looking for these signs are not established. Currently, we use brain MRI quantitative susceptibility mapping analysis (QSM) to examine susceptibility in the motor cortex, which is typically increased in motor neuron disease, correlating with the clinical syndrome. We designed a study to retrospectively assess the MRI/QSM in genetic ALS patients for specific regional changes.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all genetic ALS patients seen in Neurology at Hospital for Special Surgery from 2013 through 2018 who had MRI with QSM. Our neuroradiologist carefully examined the scans of each patient.Results: We found no distinguishing abnormalities in the brain MRIs of the genetic ALS patients reviewed. QSM of the motor cortices and corticospinal tracts showed increase in susceptibility, which is not unique to any specific type of ALS.Discussion: MRI/QSM may not be useful in distinguishing ALS patients with the C9ORF72 or SOD1 mutations. This could reflect that the amount of protein aggregation may not be directly related to axonal loss, or that they affect certain neurons/tracts more than others.