bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technological Analysis of the Orientation of the Pitched Icelandic Turf Roof to the Cardinal Points and their Effect on the Stability of the Vegetative Layers
Authors: Selnik Petr , Necadova Klara , Mohapl Martin
Published: October 2014

This article is focused on the assessment of the pitched turf green roof to the cardinal points, its permanent sustainable functional condition and investigation of a possible damage caused by local climate. The solution of these problems is the crucial factor in next development, use and expansion of this type of roofing in European broader range. This study of the roof construction that was made in Iceland offers conclusion based on quick changes of the local climate conditions and demanding extreme weather impacts. The main aim of this research is proposed the right possible solution and design of this construction including dealing with the details, select the convenient orientation to the cardinal points and surroundings to provide long-term stability of this construction.
Revitalization of Facade Cladding with the Use of Bonded Joints
Authors: Liška Pavel , Šlanhof Jiří , Nečasová Barbora
Published: October 2014

One of the current issues in the Czech building industry is the revitalization of buildings, or their outer shells, that were constructed before 1990. Vented facades are a suitable option. At present, the vast majority of such facades utilise mechanical joints; however, facades with bonded joints are also a suitable alternative. The following article, where the potential use of bonded joints in practice is verified via experimental measurements, deals with this technology in great detail. This article focuses on the preparation and subsequent production of test specimens, and also on the experimental verification of the bonding of substructure to cladding and the determination of shear strength under tensile stress at a temperature of (20 ± 3)°C and a relative humidity of (55 ± 10) %. For the tests, Cetris cement-bonded particleboard was chosen for the cladding and aluminium profiles for the supporting substructure. In order to find the most suitable connecting material, five types of industrial adhesives intended for structural bonding were selected. At the same time, emphasis was placed on featuring adhesives from various price categories. The test procedures verified the suitability of the selected adhesives for the chosen combination of materials, and the method also suggested that the use of the most expensive adhesive doesn ́t always provide the best results.
The Verification of Range of Chemical Grouting of Wet Masonry by Theoretical Modeling and by Using Infrared Camera
Authors: Wolfová Marie , Plšek Boris , Peřina Zdeněk
Published: October 2014

Improving properties of materials is an integral part of almost of all remedial interventions; one of the most challenging remediation is the remediation of damp masonry. With the development of advanced technologies in the field of remedial chemicals there is one of the increasingly used methods – the method of high-pressure chemical grouting. Its use, however, raises the question how to control the quality of the design. This article deals with the possibility of mathematical modeling of grouting design of damp masonry and using the indirect method based on infrared radiation for subsequent checks.
Improvement of Low Inner Surface Temperature with Use of Linear Heating Component
Authors: Korjenic Azra , Bernard Tomasz
Published: October 2014

Not only in Austria but also in EU and worldwide is the problem concerning restoration of old buildings very present. In the soaked massive brick walls are very often, moist caused, low thermal resistance and very low surface temperature, especially in the walls corner. At the Research Centre of Building Physics, TU Vienna, was an investigation carried out, which should act solution to this problem. To compensate thermal deficits of a cold wall corner (thermal bridge) area a linear heating component has been studied in the form of a pipe-in-pipe system, which raises the temperature of the wall corner and prevents the condensation. Through a targeted local heat supply, the necessary heating power is registered, within the temperature doesn’t fall below the critical value, at which it can come to building of condense water or to formation of mould. The calculations performed with a COMSOL program were carried out using tests on a real object. Thus, the calculated and the measured values could be compared. The first results can be seen as promising in terms of heating power saving, where you don’t need to heat the whole room to a high temperature. Through the selective heat power supply in the corner area thermal bridge effect will be eliminated.
Environmental Benefits of Elementary School’s Renovation
Authors: Struhala Karel , Jelínek Petr , Stránská Zuzana , Sedlák Jiří
Published: October 2014

This paper shows partial results of IEA ECBCS Annex 56 which deals with energy-, economically-and environmentally-efficient renovations of buildings. It describes one of the assessed case studies - renovation of elementary school Kamínky 5 in Brno-Nový Lískovec, Czech Republic into low-energy standard. The school was built in 1959 and renovated in 2009 and 2010. The renovation significantly reduced energy consumption of the school. The energy consumption (heat, electricity) as well as environmental performance (represented by CO2 emissions, non-renewable and cumulative energy demand) of the school, both before and after the renovation, is described in detail in the paper. Data about the energy consumption are based on audits and financial reports that has been provided by the Borough Office Brno – Nový Lískovec. Data for the environmental assessment are taken from renovation‘s designs (provided by design office Menhir project s. r. o.) and in-situ inspection.
The Evaluation of Non-Renewable Primary Energy as Part of Energy Performance Certificates
Authors: Kraus Michal , Kubenková Kateřina , Kubečková Darja
Published: October 2014

The evaluation of non-renewable primary energy expressing the impact of the environment is part of the energy performance certificate. The evaluation is based on factors of primary energy. New buildings or larger modifications of existing buildings must meet the legislative requirements in the Czech Republic, which are consistent with the requirements of the European Union. On the basis of modeling of different energy sources and different number of energy sources for the selected building are set values of non-renewable primary energy.
Additional Insulation of Detached Dwelling Houses with Straw-Bale Elements
Authors: Medgyasszay Péter
Published: October 2014

The paper introduces the planning and construction experiences and development ideas of additional insulation of walls made from straw-bale. The energetic refurbishment of existing building is an important priority in the action plan of the EU dealing with the energy efficiency. The additional insulation of walls reduces significantly the energy demand of building but the effectiveness and the thickness of the insulation-material has economic and environmental limits. According to our previous research we introduced that the additional insulation of walls made from straw has significant advantages.The application of straw-bale insulation has large potential in the case of detached dwelling houses in rural environment. The paper introduces through two ready buildings the most important negative and positive experiences of straw-bale insulation. The paper also makes proposals for the development of the technology.
The Use of Probability in Risk Assessment
Authors: Kubečka Karel , Pustka David
Published: October 2014

For a correct interpretation of the results of the risk analysis are necessary correct input data. Acquisition of data can be different. For logical and numerical methods the expert risk analysis can we ensure data through questionnaires. This can serve as questionnaires experts. Acquisition of data can also be combined with methods for probabilistic analysis.
Analysis of the Icelandic Modified Pitched Green Roof
Authors: Necadova Klara , Selnik Petr
Published: October 2014

In Iceland appears historically proven construction of the pitched green roof. The material composition and methods of technological implementation create a unique comprehensive bond, which is resistant to frequent changes and fluctuations of the extreme climate conditions. Nowadays, the design of the construction is not being further developed, it does not use modern construction methods, knowledge, materials and also the construction does not meet the requirements of the building legislation in the European Union and in the Czech Republic. The article is an analysis of structural and material design of the original concept of the pitched turf roof originated from Iceland and particularly the theoretical design solution its modernized modification, which is adapted to suit the requirements of the building codes and laws in the European Union and in the Czech Republic. Another discussed problem is the assessment of the impacts of climate phenomena and its effect on the overall stability and behaviour of building physics of the roof structure and the individual layers captures possible utilization of this construction. The grass mats that create the casing of the pitched green roof affect the physical behaviour of the structure, which is discussed on a theoretical basis.
The Presence of Microscopic Algae and Funguses on the Facades of Buildings Equipped with Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS)
Authors: Kučeriková Veronika , Donová Denisa , Kučerová Lucie , Winkler Jiří , Kubečková Darja
Published: October 2014

In the last decade we have been confronted with problems with biotic infestation of facades in engineering practice. The presence of microscopic algae and funguses on the facades of thermal insulation buildings distorts the appearance of buildings with green, brown or black coating. The reason for biotic pests beginning to appear on the facades of buildings very often is mainly the enlargement of thickness of thermal insulator ETICS. Thanks to the thermal insulation of facades with large thickness less thermal energy penetrates into the surface or plaster surface. The outer side is warmed up less and therefore it has lower outer surface temperature. Lower outer surface temperatures enable hypothermia of the surface of facades. The hypothermia of facades appears especially at night. The resulting aqueous film is the basic source of the necessary damp needed for the life of algae and funguses on facades of buildings. The presence of damp on the outer surfaces rises significantly depending on the better thermal insulation of walls.
Hygrothermal Loads of Building Components in Bathroom of Dwellings
Authors: Slávik Richard , Čekon Miroslav
Published: October 2014

The paper presents an analysis of indoor temperature and relative humidity measurements in dwelling's bathroom. Obtained data are compared with those defined in technical standards and applied for assessment of building component from building physics point of view. These parameters are used for boundary condition at the evaluation level of building components and their values have significant influence on hygrothermal assessment. The example of building's component demonstrates analysis magnitude of differences between the calculation results applying standardized boundaries condition and monitored data based on in-situ measurements. Temperature and humidity measurements are applied for prediction of hygrothermal behavior of building’s component by HAM algorithm. Finally, results from analysis presents the penetration depth of moisture increasing at surface caused by moisture peaks in internal environment of bathroom.
Hygrothermal Assessment of Timber Elements in Truss with Above-Rafter Thermal Insulation
Authors: Soudek Pavel , Kalousek Lubor , Žák Antonín
Published: October 2014

This paper focuses on the analysis of the roof overhang detail performed by using rafter within above-rafter thermal insulation system. Close attention is paid especially to course of temperatures and the moisture condition of the rafter which goes continuously through the building envelope from interior to exterior. Both simplified thermo-technical calculations results and the results from long-term experimental measuring performed on a real building are presented and compared here.
Comparison of Approximate Soil Thermal Conductivity Calculations with Laboratory Measurements and New Estimation Methods for Sandy Clayey Silt
Authors: Nagy Balázs
Published: October 2014

In this paper, the most common approximate thermal conductivity calculation methods were compared through Hungarian soil samples with laboratory measurement results and the representative values of EN ISO 13370:2007. Based on the results, the soil’s thermal conductivity can be estimated using the modified Johansen method for higher sand containing samples, and de Vries’s method for the high silt and clay containing samples. In the light of the test results, two new methods were developed, which can be used for sandy clay silt samples. These gave almost identical results compared to the measured values and were also more accurate than the other estimations in the analysed situations.
Design Properties of Log Walls with Respect to Building Physics
Authors: Kacálek Petr , Smolka Radim , Petříček Tomáš
Published: October 2014

The paper deals with the construction of walls of log wood houses of Canadian type in terms of thermal insulation, with the focus shifted onto the comparison of alternative structural solutions of such walls. The main aim of the research done was to assess the different Canadian type massive log wood walls, with various thermally insulating materials placed between the logs. The computer simulations of wall models were done in ANSYS software. Massive wooden walls unfortunately do hardly meet today's ever increasing requirements given for thermal resistance, heat conductivity and heat losses of a building, since the bed joints are weakened and also because of the thermal conductivity of wood itself. Thus, mainly the contact surface temperature was observed, which also became one of the evaluation factors describing the quality of construction.
Experimentally Measured Boundary and Initial Conditions for Simulations
Authors: Katunský Dušan , Zozulák Marek , Vertaľ Marián , Šimiček Jozef
Published: October 2014

Real dynamic boundary conditions and initial condition has to be taken into an account when simulations need to be done. The most helpful are in situ measurement facilities with climate monitoring. Indoor environment operation modes with different air temperature and relative humidity made indoor boundary conditions. Measured weather data are used to create complete boundary conditions for the research locality. Initial condition of masonry water profile is set up. The initial and boundary conditions are considered for an individual locality simulation proposes.
Use of EMW Radiation in the Building Industry
Authors: Novotný Miloslav , Šuhajda Karel , Sobotka Jindřich , Gintar Jan
Published: October 2014

This paper discusses theory and application of microwave radiation and experimental optimization of microwave radiation to eliminate moisture content in wood elements. Owing to its properties, microwave radiation has been used in the construction industryin modern times, in particular to dry wet masonry of buildings. Effects of electromagnetic radiation on building structures lead to relatively sharp decreases in moisture content from damp building structures or elements. The influence of electromagnetic radiation on building structures lead to oscillation of water molecules contained in the material, which cause a phase transformation of water into vapour. Consequently, the vapour evaporates from the moist material, thereby drying the element exposed to radiation.The article describes experiments carried out at the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Faculty of Technology in Brno that demonstrate successful decrease of water content in building materials using microwave radiation. First, the understanding of microwave radiationwill be discussed.Following an analysis of research results an optimum intensity of microwave radiation sources as well as the necessary length of the irradiation of microwave radiation have been determined with respect to the particular type of building material and the success rate of elimination of moisture.
Analysis of the Building Materials in the Energy Efficient Buildings
Authors: Kraus Michal , Kubečková Darja
Published: October 2014

According to the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD II) an important role in current construction of buildings plays a constant effort to reduce energy performance, reduce the consumption of non-renewable resources and reduce the production of greenhouse gases. The emphasis is placed on the use of attested and quality building materials with good thermal properties. The aim of the paper is analysis of the building materials in the current energy efficient buildings.
Maximum Temperatures of Roof Tiles during the Summer Period
Authors: Svobodová Sylvia , Matějka Libor
Published: October 2014

Solar radiation is the main source of heat gains during the summer period. The most exposed non-translucent structure of the building is the roof. Material characteristics of roof tiles are able to influence the upper surface temperature and also the thermal performance of the whole roof structure. The aim of this article is comparison of the highest temperatures of roofing tiles reached by a summer day in accordance to their material characteristics. Data obtained from an in-situ measurement are compared with the values obtained by numerical calculation. The temperatures obtained by in-situ measurement are higher than thus earned by numerical calculation.
Hygrothermal Microclimate of Reconstructed Residential Building
Authors: Budiaková Mária
Published: October 2014

The paper is oriented on the hygrothermal microclimate of residential interiors in reconstructed building. The questionnaire survey has showed significant increase in number of allergies, respiratory diseases and occurrence of fungi after reconstruction. In order to find causes, experimental measurements of hygrothermal microclimate were carried out. The long term high values of relative humidity were found out and the link with number of efficient natural ventilation was searched for. Ventilation once a day was usual, what was proved as insufficient. Dwellers were informed about right way and number of ventilation. Furthermore, measurements proved decrease of air humidity, but not sufficiently. It was proved that nobody was able to achieve recommended number of ventilation and almost all of them considered it annoying and unreal to sustain. The biggest problem was proved night 7 hour interval. Therefore allergic and respiratory problems were significant in the morning. In conclusions of paper is suggestion for solution of researched problem.
Analysis of the Hygrothermal Performance of the Lightweight External Cladding
Authors: Skotnicova Iveta , Tymová Petra , Galda Zdeněk , Lausova Lenka
Published: October 2014

This paper deals with the hygrothermal performance of timber-frame external cladding in a passive house. The wall and roof assemblies were simulated and analyzed with regard to hygrothermal performance. Different boundary conditions and methods were used for the simulation calculations. The results of the simulations were compared with in-situ measurements, which were carried out at an experimental passive house at East Czech Republic. Due to the results of simulations and measurements, it should be possible to evaluate accuracy of simulation methods for prediction of the hygrothermal performance of the lightweight external cladding.
Monitoring Thermal Parameters of Lightweight Wood-Based Perimeter Walls
Authors: Šuštiaková Marianna , Ďurica Pavol
Published: October 2014

Based on initial measurements that have been performed on a sample wall, partial results of long time monitoring are presented. The wall was lightweight timber-frame construction built in a climate chamber in the laboratory pavilion type Department of Building Constructions and Urban Planning Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Žilina. Article is focused on changes of thermal properties of insulations during day affected by actual weather condition.
Impact of Building Refurbishment on the Operative Temperature and PMV
Authors: Kalmár Ferenc , Kalmar Tünde
Published: October 2014

Energy saving is one of the main priorities in the building sector. In the last years in Hungary different national programs were launched in order to improve the thermal properties of residential buildings. In case of building refurbishment 40-60% heating energy savings were expected. There were cases when the expected energy savings have not been met. The aim of this research was to see which the refurbishment impact is on the thermal comfort in a residential building. It was found the mean radiant temperature, the operative temperature and the predicted mean vote (PMV) decrease after building refurbishment.
Design Issues of the Airconditioning Systems in the Spaces of Swimming Pool Halls
Authors: Rubina Aleš , Blasinski Petr , Frič Lukáš
Published: October 2014

The main requirements of designing the internal microclimate in swimming pool halls include removing evaporating water vapor and trichloramine (NCL3) from occurrence area of swimmers. As it is apparent from the differential equation of the mass transfer over the water surface, so with increasing speed above the water level there is increasing evaporation of water vapor at the same time. This is undesirable in view of the requirement to maintaining humidity below the upper limit of recommended limits. The article aims to point out the problem with the releasing trichloramines from the water surface and thus point to a potential increase in water vapor evaporated from the water.
Optimization of Lubricant Return in Refrigeration Systems
Authors: Vlček Petr , Formánek Marian
Published: October 2014

Oil is necessary for most of the heat pumps, cooling and freezing equipment, for proper operation of the compressor and other moving parts. Speed of the refrigerant vapor in the critical section, which is suction piping, is strongly dependent on the evaporating temperature, but also on the actual device performance. Well-designed piping is essential to the proper function of the cooling devices or heat pumps and affects the efficiency of the device. The aim of this paper is to describe problems of returning of oil in refrigerant devices and investigate the exact solution of design of refrigerant speed for carrying the lubricating oil in all segments of refrigerant pipes. Paper is based on facts obtained during developing of new refrigeration equipment. The resulting proposal of the device was numerically verified.
Integration of PCMs and Capillary Radiant Cooling/Heating to Ensure of Thermal Comfort
Authors: Klubal Tomáš , Ostrý Milan
Published: October 2014

The thermal comfort of buildings occupants depends on the physical properties of applied building materials, on the solar heat gains through the transparent part of the external envelope and the mode of heating/cooling and ventilation. Capillary radiant cooling / heating can maintain a state of indoor environment in the required temperature range in accordance with legislative framework. The paper shows possibility how to improve thermal comfort and thermal stability in summer.Presented system uses phase change materials as a latent heat storage medium for better absorption of heat. Microencapsulated phase change materials Micronal® DS 5040 X and DS 5008X were used as latent heat storage medium in combination with gypsum plaster. Activation of phase change materials is carried out by capillary tubes with cooled / heated water circuit. At Institute of Building Structures at Faculty of Civil Engineering are located two rooms for comparative measurements. There were located thermal storage modules in the experimental room. Low- temperature radiant cooling and heating with phase change materials are one of the ways to reduce energy consumption and operating cost for cooling / heating. The paper presents the results of measurements for different modes of operation of cooling and heating.
Influence of the Indoor Environment Quality on the Market Value of the Buildings
Authors: Pašek Jan
Published: October 2014

The modern buildings are becoming more and more different from the traditional buildings, especially regarding their parameters of the indoor environment and low energy performance. For this reason, the real estate market has been looking for new criteria to estimate their market value and to distinguish them one from another. As they are trying to find the most objective parameters for establishing the market value of the buildings on the real estate market their attention focuses also on the quality of the indoor environment. The real estate market perceives a building with high quality of the indoor environment traditionally in the context of the technical, economic and energetic parameters but with higher and higher emphasis also put on social and environmental connections [1,2]. This paper is focused on the analysis of how much the quality of the indoor environment is taken into account in the process of the market valuation of the buildings in modern context.
Wood as Material Suitable for Health Care and Therapeutic Facilities
Authors: Kotradyová Veronika , Kaliňáková Barbora
Published: October 2014

Paper deals with features important for creating healthy microclimate in health care and therapeutic facilities. It presents basic facts about visual, tactile, behavioural, somatic, acoustic and socio-cultural comfort particularly important for spatial design of these facilities.It focuses especially on choice of materials and their surfaces for built-in elements and furnishings which plays crucial role for well-being - comfort. It sets hypotheses that using wood as phenomena by humanisation of microenvironment, it is possible to reach high level of complex comfort.It also shows main disadvantages of using wood in the healthcare and wellness facilities, where belongs particularly more demanding maintenance to keep the surfaces clean and disinfected and water resistant. To prevent these problems, the high resistant chemical /artificial finishing is needed. But with chemical finishing there are lost many positive effects of wood on healthy microclimate.Despite of it there are two hypotheses that are contributing to the statements that wood is suitable for the healthcare facilities. First is that natural wood without additional chemical finishing has antibacterial (antimicrobial) effect. And second is that it is possible to provide a surface modification with the aim to reach the state that wood can be hydrophobic or even superhydrophobic and thus easy to maintain such as adjustment by plasma or by finings based on nanotechnologies and biomimetic. The paper presents examples and own tests supporting these hypotheses.
Wood-Burning Stoves in Well-Insulated Dwellings
Authors: Ponechal Radoslav , Leštach Jaroslav
Published: October 2014

New requirements for the thermal performance of building structures also affect heating equipment solutions. A specific problem is the future of the local heaters in the following well-insulated houses in terms of overheating. This paper discussed some results of the dry bulb air temperature measurement in one of these houses. The article further reported list of the local wood-burning stoves with respect to the calculated heat loss in these houses isolated on the requirements of the standard in 2016 and in 2021.
Simple Conversion Method for Determination of the Global Illuminance from Satellite Images
Authors: Fabian Miroslav , Darula Stanislav
Published: October 2014

To better utilize natural sources in the performance of buildings during whole year the availability of detail data in time and for specific location plays key role. Such data offers ground measurements or databases of satellite images. Establishment and operation of CIE IDMP ground stations is quite expensive and there are a few active stations on the ground at this time. To study of irradiance availability in specific locality the data describing relevant local radiative conditions are needed. For this reason the satellite images offer sufficient information. The first part of this paper is focused on short introduction to the remote sensing and the Heliosat method. In the second part are presented results of the solar irradiance availability on the horizontal plane and their time changes based on the processing satellite images. The illuminance and irradiance data obtained at ground CIE IDMP station in Bratislava were used to proposed verify model for estimation of the global illuminance from irradiance. Cities Bratislava and Brno are relative close with distance 130 km and similar daylight climate of Central European climatic zone, therefore can be assumed that data from CIE IDMP station Bratislava can represent relation between photometric and radiometric variables and daylighting changes in Brno.
Investigation of Useful Daylighting during a Day
Authors: Darula Stanislav , Malikova Marta
Published: October 2014

Annual availability of daylight depends on exterior luminous conditions. If sunny sky is presented the interiors are illuminated by direct sunlight and diffuse skylight or only by skylight in dependence on the orientation and cloudiness. Under sunless situations only skylight is source of daylighting. The minimum illuminance expressed by Daylight Factor is required for performance of visual tasks by the Slovak standards. Traditionally, the overcast situation with exterior illuminance 5000 lx represents this condition. According to recent studies the occurrence of overcast sky in a year is not dominant in Europe and new metrics are looking for. It was published that minimum 100 lx and adequate of 300 – 500 lx is sufficient for the healthy and comfortable indoor environment. Direct sunlight can produce glare and visual discomfort. Bratislava daylight measurements show that such situations can occur often during a year.The typical daily diffuse and global illuminance courses were selected from Bratislava measurements. The periods in the day of useful daylighting, periods of exterior illuminance below 5000 lx and direct irradiance above 120 W.m-2 when sunshine can cause glare and overheating were identified in a classroom. Paper presents achieved results, their evaluation and discussion.
Experimental Determination of Thermal Properties of Highly Viscous Liquids
Authors: Vojkůvková Petra , Sikula Ondrej
Published: October 2014

This contribution deals with experimental determination of thermal properties needed for transient heat transfer calculation by conduction in highly viscous fluids; which are the density, thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity. Density was determined by direct method, heat capacity was measured with mixing calorimeter and thermal conductivity was studied with two different measuring equipments. Experimental set up for determination of thermal conductivity was designed and constructed by the author. Results were corrected by numerical simulations in CalA software. All measurement quantities were compared with calculations based on the chemical composition of the substance. The determined thermal properties can be used for calculation of energy performance of heating and cooling of highly viscous fluids.
Evaluation of Illuminance of Rooms Oriented to Different Cardinal Points
Authors: Darula Stanislav , Mohelníková Jitka
Published: October 2014

Daylighting levels in interiors are changed every day since sunrise to sunset in dependence on luminous exterior conditions. Indoors are illuminated by diffuse skylight prevailing time of the year in Central European counties while a lot of sunny situations occur mainly during transitional and summer periods. The later can produce overheating as well as glare or disturbing luminance due to excessive sunlight in the space close to windows. If interiors are designed with screened work places the influence of direct sunlight during working time has to be evaluated.The article will present results of computer daylight simulations in a side-lit office room oriented to cardinal points. The study is focused on daylighting evaluation of the room orientation influence on levels under clear sky conditions and compared with results achieved for the CIE overcast sky model. The calculations were run in software Daylight Visualizer 2.6.7. The daylight simulation show that applying the clear sky model for illumination of oriented rooms, the substantial different illuminances can be resulted compared to outputs from the common overcast sky daylight metrics.
Evaluation of Indoor Daylight Parameters during Long–Term Observations in the Rooms Equipped with Intensive Coloured Surfaces
Authors: Hartman Peter , Hanuliak Peter , Maňková Lucia
Published: October 2014

Examination, design and control of internal light conditions belong to important actual architectural issues. In most cases the reason is increasingly growing interest in non-visual response of human on the ambient light properties. Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) is assumed to be caused by complex of inappropriate indoor environment circumstances. Unsuitable light conditions are regarded to be one of them. This paper deals with comparison of internal light parameters such as photopic illuminance level EV, Spectral Power Distribution (SPD) and definition of peak wavelength value recorded in tested office rooms, which were scaled down to models for easier handling. Models are equipped with different selected colored wallpapers and flooring materials, whereby one model remains with all surfaces in neutral colors. The outputs of measured parameters are compared with each other and also with outdoor levels of the same light properties. There is also defined filtration efficacy of blue light component assumed to be most effective for controlling of non-visual sensoring system of human body. This observation may provide more complex overview on selection of internal surfaces colors in long-term occupied spaces, taking health and wellbeing into consideration.
Comparison of Two Coating Material Reflections of Hollow Light Guide Tube
Authors: Janečková Lenka , Darula Stanislav , Bošová Daniela
Published: October 2014

This paper discusses tube transmission efficiency of two straight hollow light guides. Two samples with diameter of 530 mm and length 1170 mm were investigated under the artificial sky in the laboratory at ICA SAS in Bratislava. The entering luminous flux was calculated from measured illuminance in the point located on the top of light guide. Below the bottom of the light guide was located a set of measuring points on the special construction in the shape of a cross. In these points, one by one, the elementary illuminances were measured and the luminous fluxes leaving the light guide were calculated. Paper presents methodology for laboratory light transmission measurements and discusses effects of two various coating materials on light transmission efficiency of hollow light guides.
Vibro-Acoustic Comfort Assessment Methodology of Residential Buildings in Urban Environment
Authors: Flimel Marian
Published: October 2014

Noise in residential buildings should be assessed not only in terms of impact on health, safety and performance of inhabitants, but also for the “value” of the building (apartment) in a certain environment. Building energetic certification implementation is one of the first compulsory legislative evaluation criteria. This paper wants to draw the attention to the need for vibro-accoustic building (apartment) certification. Presented tabular evaluation is an objective evaluation. The reason for that are the tendencies related to noise in environment: increased number and levels of noise sources in buildings’ exterior and interior, increasing demands for sound insulation of building structures and growing number of “noise” complaints.
Assessment of the Load Capacity of Multilayer Glasses Depending on their Total Thickness
Authors: Rykalová Eva , Fabian Radek
Published: October 2014

Nowadays, glass is a very popular building material, in various forms (fill openings, insulation, and composites [1]) even if it is primarily regarded as a filler material in the Czech Republic and widely used in residential developments [2]. There is an effort to extend the applicability of glass in the building industry. The article deals with the experimental bending tests of multilayer glasses. The bending tests were performed for the determination of the maximum load capacity at destroying the integrity of the samples. The results of the performed tests were statistically evaluated. The aim was to find dependence between the thickness of the multilayer glass and its load capacity.
Application of Multi-Criteria Optimization for Selection of Building Materials for New Buildings
Authors: Haliřová Marcela , Rykalová Eva , Peřina Zdeněk , Wolfová Marie
Published: October 2014

The issue of optimizing the selection of a suitable building material for new buildings in the Czech Republic is a frequent topic. The paper reviews the methodology of multi-criteria evaluation of non-load bearing walls for the selected criteria.
Non-Traditional Thermal-Insulating and Rehabilitation Materials and their Hygrothermal Behaviour
Authors: Hroudová Jitka , Zach Jiří , Reif Martina , Korjenic Azra
Published: October 2014

The development of non-traditional, thermal insulation plaster leads to the development of new eco-efficient materials suitable for insulation and rehabilitation of both existing and new building structures. Optimal function of these materials is then to reduce the energy consumption of buildings. This is beneficial from an environmental perspective. In addition, the development of new, promising, thermal insulation plaster was used innovative, environmentally friendly binders, such as substitution for energy intensive binder - cement. The paper presents the results of development of thermal insulation plaster and research in their hygrothermal behaviour.
Theoretical Calculation of Heat Losses of Heat Exchangers to Vicinity
Authors: Kubín Milan , Hirš Jiří
Published: October 2014

This contribution is focused on heat exchangers and their heat losses dispersed into vicinity. In the introduction of the contribution this loss heat flow of heat exchangers is analysed into basic physical processes and with applying simplifying assumptions it is described by a computational equation suitable for technical practice. The result of the study is the confirmation of the general fact that the quotient of losses heat into vicinity with regard to the transferred heat flows in the heat exchanger is insignificant.
Single-Layer Mechanical Fastening Waterproofing Systems
Authors: Petříček Tomáš , Kacálek Petr , Smolka Radim
Published: October 2014

Single-layer mechanical fastening waterproofing systems are often used within the compositions of flat roofs. Although in case of plastic based systems it is a common solution, for bitumen sheets it handles about a relatively new approach, since the application of asphalt has a long history in the building industry.There are some key factors which all of the one-layer mechanically fastening systems should meet, especially water-resistance and resistance against the suction of wind. The application of dynamic loads on the joints may damage the bonds, which may lead to leakage of water. In particular the most delicate locations are the anchoring points at places where the waterproofing sheets are not connected mutually and the wind is captured.Research was focused on the extent at which the strength of the resulting mechanically fastened joints is affected by the placement of fastenings elements within the strip overlap, including the possibilities when the distances from the edge.
Usage of Hydrophilic Mineral Wool Panels in Green Roof Systems in Passive Houses
Authors: Vacek Petr , Matějka Libor
Published: October 2014

Hydrophilic panels can be used in extensive vegetation green roof systems as a soil replacement. They are lightweight (also with full water saturation), have certified thermal insulation properties in wet conditions and beyond all, they have laboratory approval of vertical and horizontal drainage ability, similar as a special drainage nep composites.Low weight of panels is further more advantageous in the intensive green roof systems and passive houses– static demands on roof and wall constructions can be dramatically decreased. Special water-accumulation panels can be used in retention roofs. Multiple-layered panels can help with thermal properties of building envelope of passive houses.
Factors that Influence Green Purchase Behaviour among Young Consumers
Authors: Tan Seng Huat , Yeo Sook Fern , Goh Mei Ling , Chong Sin Woon , Cheah Chew Sze
Published: October 2014

The worsening environmental issues have called for more thoroughgoing technological, institutional and social transformations taking place in the world. Green industry is seen as one of them. Investments and research development in green technology and green products are remedial actions to reduce environmental deterioration. The objective of this paper is to examine the factors that influence green purchase behavior among young consumers. A total sample of 204 green product users was collected through self-administrative questionnaires in Melaka, Malaysia. The results show that environmental concern, social influence and government and industry role are three independent variables that have relationship with green purchase behavior among consumers.
Exploratory Research of the Equipment Maintenance Strategy Analysis Method in Design Stage of Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Yang Li Fei , Jiang Hong , Gu Fang
Published: October 2014

The design quality of the nuclear power plants (NPPs) has a direct impact on the operation and maintenance, which involves the safety and reliability of NPPs. Planning and development of the maintenance requirements of system and equipment in initial design stage of NPPs, and determination of reliability maintenance strategy compilation methods enable to fulfill good connection between design and operation of important value. After investigation and analysis, with a combination of reliability analysis method, experience feedback and common analysis approach, the methodology of reliability maintenance strategy compilation in design stage of NPPs has been initially established. And such methodology not only meets the maintenance requirements of system and equipment in design stage, but also enables to check the rationality and operability of process design from the maintenance implementation level, at the same time, it has great value in application regarding improving operational reliability of NPPs and avoiding non-essential major modification during operation of NPPs.
Influence of Low Temperature Plasma on Chitosan/ Waterborne Polyurethane Finishing on Cotton Fabric
Authors: Wang Wei Ling , Yu Weidong
Published: October 2014

Waterborne polyurethane and chitosan were mixed in different volume ratio, and finished on the cotton of plasma pre-treatment and non-plasma pre-treatment to discuss the influence of plasma pretreatment on the properties of the fabric. Firstly, the mixed aqueous emulsion was made into film and analyzed by FTIR. Secondly, the relationship between the properties of whiteness, wrinkle recovery performance and water vapor permeability of the fabric that finished by the only blended solution and the mixed ratio was studied. Finally, the property changes between the pretreatment with and without plasma was compared. The results showed that, the blended film not only had both polyurethane and chitosan characteristic peaks, but also generated the new characteristic peaks; the three properties of the fabric that finished by the only blended solution changed with the mixed ratio; the plasma pre-treatment would increase the fabric’s whiteness, decrease wrinkle recovery performance, but the water vapor permeability would improve obviously.
Process Parameters Optimization for Plasma Spraying Nanostructured ZrO2-7%Y2O3 Coating Based on Simulated Annealing Algorithm
Authors: Yang Bin
Published: October 2014

Process parameters of nanostructured ZrO2-7%Y2O3 coating during plasma spraying on the properties of the coating was optimized based on simulated annealing algorithm. BP neural network was applied to compute fitness of simulated annealing algorithm. A BP neural network model was built, four process parameters were input , the parameters included spraying distance, spraying electric current, primary gas pressure and secondary gas pressure, bonding strength of coating was output. Network was trained by orthogonal test data. Process parameters of coating were optimized by simulated annealing algorithm. The results show that maximal bonding strength of coating is 43.0377MPa. Process parameters for plasma spraying nanostructured ZrO2-7%Y2O3 coating are spraying distance of 80mm, spraying electric current of 977.0283A, primary gas pressure of 0.3046MPa and secondary gas pressure 0.9886MPa.
Studies on Evaluation of Reaction Rate of Lithium Ortho-Silicate for Chemical Heat Storage
Authors: Esaki Takehiro , Kobayashi Noriyuki , Inagaki Atunori , Kita Hideki , Yamashita Seiji
Published: October 2014

Lithium ortho-silicate is a suitable solid sorbent for capturing CO2. This reversible chemical reaction is applicable to CHP. Reaction rate of Lithium ortho-silicate are studied by TG ( Thermogravimetry) and volumetric method that the influence of heat and mass transfer limitations at packed bed is designed as small as possible. CO2 adsorption reaction rate depends on the temperature. During continual operation, maximum reaction rate do not decrease for 10cycle and it turned out that the reaction system is repeated with from kept .The adsorbent utilization is higher than 60% at every condition. It turn out that lithium ortho-silicate is applicable to CHP.
Flow and Die-Swell Behavior in Extrusion of PLLA Melts
Authors: Li Feng Jiao , Liang Ji Zhao , Zhu Bo , Wang Ke Jian
Published: October 2014

The rheological properties of two kinds of poly (L-lactic acid) melts (AI-1001 and 4032D) have been investigated using a melt flow indexer within the temperature range from 170 to 190 and load varying from 2.16 to 12.5 kg. It was found that the melt volume flow rate (MVR) and extrudate swell ratios (B) increased non-linearly with increasing load when the temperature was constant; the MVR increased while the B decreased with a rise in temperature for both the AI-1001 and 4032D melts; the relationship between the MVR and temperature obeyed expression like as the Arrhenius equation when the load was fixed. Under the same test conditions, the values of the MVR and B of the AI-1001 melt were higher than those of the 4032D melt, and the sensitivity of the MVR and B to the load for the former is higher than those for the latter.
Cathode Performance Degradation of SOFC from Sodium Chloride
Authors: Liu Run Ru , Wang De Jun , Jing Leng , Bai Xin Yu
Published: October 2014

Degradation of cathode induced by sodium chloride in air has been investigated for (La0.8Sr0.2)0.98MnO3 (LSM). Cell performance was measured by volatilizing NaCl into the air supplied to the cathode at a constant current density of 200 mA cm-2 up to 100 h. At 800 °C, an exposure to 30 ppm NaCl caused negligible degradation of LSM cathode at least for 100 h, yet degradation became obvious with increasing NaCl concentration. Slight change in the composition of the cathode materials was observed which may lead to the gradual degradation of cell performance. In addition, cell performance degradation was compared between 700 °C to 900 °C, being poisoned by 30 ppm NaCl. Degradation was negligible for the LSM cathode, while it showed slightly poor tolerance at 700 °C due to the decomposition of the cathode material. Further study should be done to clarify the long-term influence of NaCl on cathode performance.