bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of lard in cod liver oil emulsion using FTIR spectroscopy combined
principal component analysis
Authors: Zilhadia Zilhadia , Anggraeni Y. , Apriyanti Y.F. , Mustafidah M. , Jaswir I.
Published: June 2024

Cod liver oil (CLO) contains essential fatty acids and has a high price in the market.
Therefore, CLO can be targeted for adulteration to increase economic profits. One of the
substances used for adulteration of CLO is lard. This study aimed to analyze the spectral
profile of lard and CLO in cod liver oil emulsion using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis (PCA). Lard and CLO were
mixed with a range of concentrations of 0-100% used as the control. CLO emulsions were
made with a composition of lard and CLO in concentrations similar to those of the control.
To analyze the lard and CLO spectrum, lard and CLO were extracted from the emulsion
using liquid-liquid extraction, and then the oil extracted from the emulsion was analyzed
using FTIR spectroscopy and PCA. Fourier transform infrared spectrum absorption at
region 1117–1098 cm-1 is specific to identifying the different spectrums of CLO and lard.
The results of PCA showed that clustering between similar oil content and a combination
of FTIR and PCA is effective in distinguishing the spectrum of lard and CLO in cod liver
oil emulsion.
The use of real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of raw rat meat
(Rattus norvegicus) with species-specific primer for halal authentication
Authors: Lestari D. , Wirnawati  , Hamzah H. , Kurniasih K.S.I. , Hamidi D. , Syofyan S. , Rohman A.
Published: June 2024

Rat meat (RM) can be obtained freely from farmers and can be used as a potential
adulterant in meat-based food products. The presence of RM in any food products is
prohibited by the Muslim community and is considered non-halal meat. Therefore, an
analytical method capable of analysing RM specifically is very urgent. In this study, a real
-time polymerase chain reaction using a species-specific primer targeting NADH
dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6) is applied to analyze RM. DNA extraction was carried out
using FavorPrepTM Tissue Genomic DNA Extraction Mini Kit, and the extracted DNA
was subjected to purity index using NANO-Quant SPARK TECAN. The annealing
temperature (Ta) used for PCR analysis was optimized to get the best Ta capable of
providing the optimum amplification reaction. Furthermore, some performance
characteristics were evaluated for Real-Time PCR, including sensitivity, efficiency and
repeatability. The results exhibited that the designed primer is specific to rat DNA
extracted toward other DNAs from meats typically used in food products. For quantitative
evaluation, the limit of detection found was 0.39 ng with an efficiency of amplification (E)
of 94.4% with a coefficient of determination (R2
) of 0.986 for the relationship between log
concentrations of DNA and cycle threshold (Ct) values. The repeatability assay was
acceptable with an RSD value ≤ 25%. The developed method was reliable, provided high
sensitivity for the analysis of RM. Therefore, this method is suitable to be used as a
standard method for halal authentication analysis.
Anti-inflammatory efficacy and skin irritation study of Cleome gynandra
extract: an animal model and pre-clinical evaluation
Authors: H.I. Muhammad Aiman , Koh S.P. , Sew Y.S. , Sanimah S. , Chandradevan M. , H. Muhammad Nazrul , Armania N.
Published: June 2024

Cleome gynandra, a kind of medicinal herb which has strong antioxidant properties has
been traditionally used for treating various ailments including skin inflammatory diseases.
To date, the anti-inflammatory efficacy of C. gynandra based cream has not been
reported. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of C.
gynandra leaf extract cream using an in vivo arachidonic acid-induced ear edema in the rat
model. The expression of genes related to rat ear inflammation was measured to evaluate
the topical anti-inflammatory activity of C. gynandra cream. The toxicity effect of C.
gynandra cream was determined through a skin irritation test in rats and human
cumulative skin irritation assessment. Data collected evidently showed a significantly
higher (p<0.05) percentage of recovery rate (70.21±5.14%) in rats treated with C.
gynandra cream when compared to the negative control (27.43±4.75%) and basal cream
(55.8±4.61%), indicating that C. gynandra cream effectively reduced inflammation
symptoms in rat ear edema model study. The expressions of all pro-inflammatory
cytokines and acute inflammatory-related genes were significantly down-regulated in C.
gynandra cream-treated group than untreated group (negative control). The
dermatological safety aspect of C. gynandra cream was confirmed by human cumulative
skin irritation assessment with the average cumulative irritation index of 0.046, indicating
a non-irritating effect. The overall findings demonstrated that C. gynandra cream has great
potential to be applied for treating skin-related inflammatory diseases.
ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF THE BALANCE SHEET ECOLOGICAL-ECONOMIC MODELS OF THE “INPUT-OUTPUT” TYPE
Authors: Kudin V
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the research is to develop methods, algorithms, and computational procedures of analysis, and solution (subsolution) of problems during changes at the stages of ecological and economic modelling of processes. Metaheuristics are proposed, which take into account the experimentally obtained knowledge about the properties of the model. A computational experiment was conducted to analyze the properties of the improved "input-output" model (linear system) using the method of basic matrices. This method has several software implementations of the corresponding algorithms in "exact" and "long" numbers. It includes the ability to both solve the problem (from beginning to end) and resolve the problem with changes in the model (without re-solving at first). Hence, using the example of calculations based on the speed criterion, decision-making on choosing the "best" algorithm for solving the problem is demonstrated.
INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE ON WORK ADJUSTMENT: A REGRESSION-BASED STUDY
Authors: Prabakaran Nepoleon
Published: June 2024

Globalization has led to an increase in cultural diversity in the software business, meaning that workers need to be culturally intelligent (CQ) to communicate with coworkers from various backgrounds and successfully navigate various organizational cultures. However, there is a lack of research on the influence of CQ on work adjustment among Indian software professionals working in culturally different states. Additionally, the relationship between CQ, job characteristics, and work adjustment remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the impact of CQ on job satisfaction and performance and identify areas for improvement in creating equitable and multicultural work environments. The findings will contribute to enhancing employees' cultural intelligence and promoting better work adjustment in the context of increasing cultural diversity and globalization. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which cultural intelligence can enhance work adjustment by exploring its impact on employees' job satisfaction and job performance. The study's ultimate sample size of 485 respondents was obtained using standardized instruments in a quantitative and cross-sectional methodology. Google Forms software was utilized to distribute the questionnaires online. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into effective strategies for enhancing employees' cultural intelligence and promoting better work adjustment in the context of globalization and increasing cultural diversity in the workplace.
A COMPREHENSIVE DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF QUADRUPOLE ELECTROMAGNETIC LINEAR SYSTEMS FOR PRECISE POSITIONING IN AEROSPACE
Authors: Manohar Kintali
Published: June 2024

For linear motion applications, particularly in aerospace, this study outlines the creation of an essential Quadrupole Electromagnetic System (QES) as a substitute for a four-track electromagnetic launcher. The QES design is compared with a four-track system to address concerns regarding rail-armature contact sliding. In a QES, four coils provide a homogeneous electromagnetic field, resulting in a Lorentz force on the slider. The QES was designed using the three-dimensional modeling capabilities of the ANSYS software. The results of the magnetic properties show a high potential for scaling this model to various levels. Additionally, the QES power circuit was simulated using ANSYS Simplorer. The circuit uses silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCR) and a pulse-width modulation (PWM) pulse generator. A force of 4kN was achieved, and this paper presents the current and force plots in detail. The study includes finite element analysis, electromagnetic and current characteristics simulation, and monitoring of the skin and proximity effects. Performance is increased by optimizing the QES design parameters using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and scalability of the QES design.
IMPLEMENTATION OF AN EFFECTIVE FSO WDM SYSTEM UNDER DIFFERENT ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS WITH DIFFERENT CODING SCHEMES
Authors: Galeb Basim
Published: June 2024

In different atmospheric conditions, Free Space Optical (FSO) transmission is vital because it sends data via light beams through the atmosphere. This technique transmits data quickly and efficiently with low signal attenuation in clear weather. This makes it ideal for short- to medium-range communication, especially in urban areas where cables or radio frequency spectrum are impractical. However, fog, rain, and snow can absorb or disperse the light signal, reducing transmission range and reliability for FSO. This research creates an effective FSO system that supports many channels and transmission distances. The suggested system will be tested in four weather conditions (light air, light rain, medium rain, and heavy rain) with attenuation values of 0.47, 1.988, 5.844, and 9.29 dB/km. Optisystem program version 21 designs and evaluates system performance based on QF, BER, and other criteria. In this research, multiple modulation formats are evaluated for best performance. QF exhibited a reversal relationship with distance, while BER showed a direct one. The suggested system can transmit for 25 km, 12 km, 10 km, and less than 6 km in light air, light rain, medium rain, and severe rain. This research also examines system performance under NRZ and RZ modulation formats. NRZ modulation is better for light air and clear weather transmission than RZ modulation since it requires less equipment and is easier to install. Since NRZ modulation requires no clock recovery overhead, bandwidth efficiency is usually higher. In light rain, RZ modulation minimizes optical fiber dispersion, extending transmission distances and improving signal quality. NRZ excels within 10 kilometers. NRZ works for 6 km and 4 km in medium and severe rain, although RZ's dispersion tolerance and synchronization make it better for longer transmission distances. For short distances, NRZ is suitable, but for longer distances, RZ is more resilient due to its better dispersion management and signal transmission.
CYCLONE STABILITY PARAMETER: ITS NUMERICAL VALUE AND SIGNIFICANCE IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF TRACK DETERMINATION
Authors: Ghosh Indrajit
Published: June 2024

The study of the dynamics of tropical cyclones constitutes a major portion of the curriculum for atmospheric science throughout the world. This is due to its enormous significance on the coastal human civilization all over the world. The increase in sea surface temperature globally has led to an increase in the frequency of tropical cyclones. As many as ten deadly tropical cyclones have hit the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal Coastline after generating depressions from the Bay of Bengal in the last decade. The most challenging part lies in the early detection of tropical depressions in the ocean bed, the consequent intensity prediction of the generated tropical cyclone, and the forecasting of the resulting path of propagation of the cyclone in landmass. For these a detailed analytic study of the related cyclone dynamics governing equations, their corresponding solution, propounding of the cyclone analytic solution model, and estimation of some critical parameters based on real cyclone data for the validation of the analytic model is of utmost importance. Radio Sonde Radio Wind (RSRW) data analysis for 5 cyclones and subsequent Cyclone Stability Parameter (CSP)determination, simplification of the complicated expression of and its subsequent significance is the main work of this paper. The is the representative of the entire analysis of the governing equations of tropical cyclones in the applicable coordinate system of a previously performed important work. So this work is also a validation of the previously performed analytic work. We have also analytically simplified the expression of through some approximations and chalked out a more lucid expression which is a function of only. This work effectively unites analytic and numerical performances for more effective prediction of tropical cyclone path of propagation in landmass after their formation in tropical oceans.
Historical themes in Elmira Galimova’s operas
Authors: Khabutdinova M. M. , Aksoy G.
Published: June 2024

The article systematizes the material on various principles of reflecting historical subjects in Tatar opera. It gives a detailed analysis of the art opera “The Wing of Syuyumbike” to a libretto by Fleura Yanysheva and the opera “Kul Sharif’ to a libretto by Farit Yakhin and the music by Elmira Galimova where the tragedy of the loss of statehood and the fall of the Kazan Khanate are revealed through the tragic fates of famous personalities (Kul Sharif, Tsarina Suyumbike). We prove that the opera “Kul Sharif’ is an interesting example of combining historical-descriptive and biographical approaches with “historical imagination”, while the symbols in the art opera “The Wing of Syuyumbike” are based on legendary and mythological material.
The last of the mohicans
Authors: Galimdjanov A. F. , Shakirzyanov F. R.
Published: June 2024

Shakirzyanov Rashit Agleevich - (7.06.1949 – 22.11.2021) was a scientist in the field of structural mechanics, candidate of technical sciences (1990), head of the Methodological Office for Teaching in the Tatar Language, Honorary Worker of Higher Education of the Russian Federation (2009), Honorary Worker of Higher School of the Republic of Tatarstan (2015), laureate of the State Prize of the Republic of Tatarstan in the Field of Science and Technology (2009) and laureate of the Kayum Nasyri Prize.
Review of Liliya Sattarova’s monograph “Tatar Patterned Leather: Craft, Tradition, Art”. Kazan: Tatar Book Publishing House, 2023. 119 p.
Authors: Enikeeva A. R. , Vakulenko E. G.
Published: June 2024

The article examines the contribution of art critic L. Sattarova to the study of leather mosaic art, which is a global brand of Tatar traditional culture. The paper proves the novelty of the approach to the interpretation of the Tatar patterned leather artistic characteristics and substantiates the value of the conducted research, focusing on the key aspects of the analyzed topic. The review highlights the significance of the author’s research into art history and cultural studies.
Latest events in the first half of 2024
Authors: Nabiullina G. A.
Published: June 2024

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Tatar Dialectological School in Kazan University: Origins, formation and development
Authors: Yusupov A. F. , Fayzullina G. Ya.
Published: June 2024

One of the well-developed scientific areas in Tatar linguistics is dialectology, its main task being the study of the living spoken language of indigenous peoples, that is, local dialects. It studies the phenomena of folk speech that are not included in the literary language, conducts the scientific analysis in this field and determines the territory of their usage.

For several centuries, consistent and systematic research workhas been carried out in the area of Tatar people's spiritual culture, the history of various ethnic groups, the characteristics of their language, their way of life and customs. This work, devoted to studying live speech, to recording materials related to individual subdialects and dialects of the Tatar language, to collecting factual material and its scientific interpretation, began in the first half of the 18th century. The scientific study of Tatar dialectology at Kazan University has a history of more than two centuries, so a wealth of experience has been accumulated in this area; the tradition of studying Tatar dialects and subdialects at the university continues to this day, being one of the most relevant and sought-after scientific trends followed by the Department of Tatar Linguistics. For the first time providing its systematic study, this article describes the formation and development of the Kazan University Dialectological School, which is the main object of our research. This constitutes the scientific novelty and relevance of the article. The study of the history of this scientific school in an educational institution goes hand in hand with the study of the scientific research of the outstanding scholars, who made great contributions to Tatar dialectology, leaving rich scientific and methodological heritage.
Reception of Ayaz Gilyazov’s novel “The Wound” by Turkish readers
Authors: Sayfulina F. S.
Published: June 2024

In the literary text, writers express their worldview through their people's history and way of life, revealing their national mentality and demonstrating linguistic, visual and artistic resources of their native people.

The article clarifies the issue of other people's perception of the famous Tatar writer Ayaz Gilyazov's novel “Yara” (“The Wound”), which was translated into Turkish by Fatih Kutlu in 2018. To this end, we analyzed and evaluated the critical articles, the opinions of readers and the works of master's students, related to this work and published in Turkish.

Literary translation is the most important method that makes it possible to convey the results achieved in the cultural life and in the literary process to other peoples, thereby achieving mutual understanding between different nations. The exchange of national heritage leads to the literary and cultural dialogue. The article raises the issue of promoting Tatar literature in the literary space of the Turkic world and the world as a whole.

The article clarifies the main conditions for the positive perception of Ayaz Gilyazov's work by Turkish readers, and its psychological impact reflecting the Tatar reality and transmitted in translation. The theme of war cannot leave other Turkic peoples indifferent, while the traditions of the Tatar people resonate with the Turkish audience. It is noted that the language of the work has not lost its originality in translation, as the translator has the ability to convey the writer's thought with all its depth and integrity.
Studies in the history of the Tatar language at Kazan University
Authors: Kuzmina Kh. Kh. , Nurieva F. Sh.
Published: June 2024

The Tatar literary language is one of the most important values created by the people over the centuries. Language is not only a means of communication, but also the main indicator of a nation’s spiritual activity. Over the centuries spiritual wealth has been accumulated in literary written monuments, reflecting traditions, linguistic norms and various social events of each historical period. The study of the Tatar literary language found in written monuments and of the language development patterns is one of the current scientific trends followed by the Tatar Language Department at Kazan University. The studies focus both on the the development of the Tatar language and on the historical place the language holds in the Tatar people’s ethnogenesis and in the current existence of the Tatar language as a state language on the basis of traditions. Kazan University has more than a century-long history of comprehensive studies in the history of the Tatar language. This article is about the legacy of outstanding scholars who left their indelible mark on the study of the Tatar language history.
Muslim charitable societies and Muslim committees and bureaus (based on the Kazan, Ufa and Orenburg provinces)
Authors: Makarov D. V. , Khabutdinov A. Yu.
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to Muslim charitable societies and Muslim committees and bureaus as forms of self-organization and social movements ofRussian Muslims in the early 20thcentury. As early as at the end of the 19thcentury first Muslim charitable societies were created as cultural, educational and social centers of communities with collegial management. Muslim committees and bureaus, formed after the February Revolution of 1917, were mainly socio-political organizations of Muslim Turkic-Tatars from the Orenburg District Mohammedan Spiritual Assembly (OMSA), they did not represent any political bodies of a specific orientation. In the spring and summer, sometimes in the early autumn of 1917, they united the activities of various Muslim organizations in the provincial city, and later often throughout the province, becoming direct predecessors of the provincial Milli Shuras (National Councils), which, from the very beginning, were the bodies of national-cultural autonomy. In this article, we analyze the continuity and interaction between these two structures, as well as their public activities.
Exploration and Investigation of Antifungal Activity of Plant Leaf Extracts on Growth of Scletorium rolfsii Sacc.
Authors: Chatri Moralita , Advinda Linda , Oktıana Fıtrıa , Malona Puja , Lathifah Silvi , Putri Dwi Hilda
Published: June 2024

Botanical fungicides are fungicides derived from plants that produce chemical compounds that potentially inhibit microbial growth. These fungicides are safe because to its not harmful to humans and the environment. In the present study, the plant materials used often compete with plant materials used for food and medicine such as galangal rhizomes and betel leaves. Therefore, it is necessary to explore materials derived from plants that have not been widely utilized. So the research was conducted to determine the effect of leaf extracts from several plants on the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. the fungus that causes wilt disease in plants and determines the level of antifungal activity. This research was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD). The leaf extracts used were from the plants Muntingia calabura, Terminalia cattapa, Syzygium oleina, Morinda citrifolia, Dimocarpus longan, and Artocarpus altilis with concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 0% as control. The data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA) with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). The results showed that all treatments used could inhibit the growth of S. rolfsii Sacc because they were significantly different from the control. It was determined that antifungal activity in leaf extracts of M. calabura, T. cattapa, S. oleina, and D. longan was very strong, and also A. altilis had a strong antifungal activity, while M. citifolia had a moderate antifungal activity.
Polyphenolic Profile and in vitro Antioxidant Activity of Three Algerian Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Varieties
Authors: Zeroual Samir , Gaouaoui Randa , Deghima Amirouche
Published: June 2024

As known, dates are packed with antioxidants and bioactive compounds and provide various health benefits, as evidenced by their varying nitrite levels. Algerian dates, on the other hand, have not been thoroughly investigated for their bioactive compounds and overall antioxidant capacity. This research aims to tap into this potential by meticulously measuring total polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins in three popular Algerian varieties (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Ksiba, Hamraya, and Deglet Nour, and the determination of their antioxidant activity using (scavenging assays of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals, reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity. The analysis showed that the three varieties of date fruits are rich in total phenolics with an amount ranging between 71±51 and 7975±389 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE).100 g-1 of dry weight (DW), the flavonoid amount ranged from 31±3 to 767±4 mg of quercetin equivalent (QE) 100 g-1 DW and condensed tannins between 6± 2 and 653 ±64 mg of catechin equivalent (CE) 100 g-1 dry DW. The antiradical activity was quite promising and ranged between 0.5 and 24 µg AAE mg-1 extract for DPPH and between 2 and 113 µg AAE mg-1 extract for ABTS, while the reducing power and total antioxidant capacity values ranged from 16 to 154 μg ascorbic acid (AAE) mg-1 and 39 to 68 μg AAE mg-1 extract respectively. The results of this study show that Algerian date fruit can be regarded as a potential natural source of antioxidants, with ethyl acetate serving as the best extractant solvent, resulting in higher polyphenol content and antioxidant activities.
The Influence of Slope Exposure, Profile Depth and Erosion Processes on Changes in the Content of Potassium, Phosphorus and Humus in Brown Soils of Mountain Pastures of Uzbekistan
Authors: Akhatov Abdusamat , Nurmatova Viktoriya , Usmonova Bahora
Published: June 2024

Humus, potassium, and phosphorus are key components of soil that play crucial roles in ecosystem productivity, plant growth, and development. They control a wide range of processes, including greenhouse gas fluxes, nutrient cycling, infiltration, and water retention. This article presents the results of evaluating humus, potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) content in the profile of brown soils in mountain pastures of Uzbekistan, as well as their distribution within these soils. The brown soils studied in the mountain pastures of Uzbekistan have a loamy granulometric composition, with the clay fraction not exceeding 20%. The carbonate content is low (2.5-9%), with the maximum amount found in the carbonate horizon. The soils exhibit weak leaching. The total humus content in the upper horizon varies from 1 to 6.6%. It was observed that the soils on the more moistened northern and western slopes contain more humus than those on the southern and eastern slopes, indicating a dependence of high humus content on slope exposition. For the first time, the article allocates phosphorus and potassium of near, labile, and potential reserves (as a percentage of the total content) to estimate the change in the nature of brown soils under economic use. It was found that the potential reserve of phosphorus and potassium (35.5-90%) prevails in soils. Further study of the features of humus, potassium, and phosphorus, their accumulation, and restoration in brown soils is essential for developing recommendations for the rational use, anti-erosion protection, and increased productivity of mountain pastures in Uzbekistan.
Assessment of Residual Impacts of Poultry Manure on Nutrient, Sucrose, Fructose and Glucose Content of Second Crop Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Yoldaş Funda , Ceylan Şafak , Saatçı Mordoğan Nilgün
Published: June 2024

This study, conducted at Ege University, Odemis Vocational School, aimed to investigate the influence of poultry manure applications on the nutrient, sucrose, fructose, and glucose content of second crop onions. In this research, three onion varieties (Burgaz, Snow White, Champion), three different doses of poultry manure (20, 40, 60 t ha−1), and mineral fertilizer were employed. An unfertilized plot was employed as the control. The experiment was designed using a split-split plot arrangement and replicated three times. The analysis comprised the assessment of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) contents in samples collected from both onion leaves and bulbs. In addition, sucrose, fructose, and glucose levels in the bulb were determined. The Snow White variety contains the highest level of fructose, sucrose, and glucose compared to other varieties. In the exploration of the impact of macro-micro element contents in bulbs, the Champion variety exhibited significantly higher levels of N, Ca, Fe, and Cu compared to other varieties. Additionally, P, K, and Na contents were significantly higher in Champion and Snow White varieties compared to Burgaz bulbs. The difference between the applications of these nutrients was insignificant except for N, P, Na, and Fe. The Nitrogen, Potassium, Sodium, and Iron contents of soils were the lowest control, while the highest dose application had the highest value at 60 t ha−1 dose. The difference among the applications in these nutrients was significant except for Mg and Cu. It may be recommended to use 40 t ha-1 dose in onion cultivation.
Spectrophotometric and Chromatographic Determination of Alkaloids and Nicotine Contents in Lebanese Tobacco Leaves
Authors: Elchamieh Sylvana , Jaber Ali , Ibrahim Ghassan , Cheble Edmond
Published: June 2024

Nicotiana Tabacum; the annual herb; known as Tobacco from the Solanaceae family was known for its alkaloids and especially nicotine (NCT) content; smoking products, insecticides, anthelminthic activity and clinically proven therapeutics are examples of its uses. Herein two different methods were applied in an attempt to quantify the total alkaloids and NCT content in Nicotiana tabacum cultivated in Lebanon. Total alkaloids were investigated through the formation of a complex with bromocresol green under a simple spectrophotometric method. Whilst HPLC-DAD was the choice for the quantitation of NCT levels. The column was Lichrospher select B (5 µm, 250x4 mm), the temperature was set at 29 ⁰C and the wavelength at 260 nm. The mobile phase consisted of 2 M O-phosphoric acid and methanol (60:40, v/v) using isocratic elution at 1 mL/min. A linear relationship was proved under both instruments. The extraction yield of alkaloid totum ranges between 2.1 ± 0.25 and 6.8% ± 0.58 and alkaloids contents range from 12.14 ± 2.01 to 53.12 ± 4.54 mg of AE/g of extract for Ghandouriyeh and Danniye samples respectively. On the other side among the different areas which cultivated Tobacco in Lebanon, Danniye was found to have the highest NCT concentration of dry weight (2.64%) while Al-Hissa possesses the lowest content (0.75%). Even if the results were generally similar to other countries, the study showed a difference in values from one region to another.
Evaluation of Aggregate Stability Using the Slaking Index Method with Soil Physical Approach in Keduang Sub-Watershed, Indonesia
Authors: Istiqomah Nanda Mei , Cahyono Ongko , Mujiyo Mujiyo , Arıyanto Dwı Prıyo
Published: June 2024

The Keduang Sub-Watershed area has faced multiple natural disasters like landslides, erosion, and flooding because of the poorly managed terrain in the area. This study examines the distribution of the slaking index on agricultural land in the Keduang Sub-Watershed, analyzes the impact of soil type on it, and identifies the soil physical elements that have the most significant influence on it. The study took place in the Keduang Sub-Watershed, Indonesia, utilizing agricultural land from woods, plantations, drylands, and paddy fields with Andisols, Alfisols, Inceptisols, and Entisols soil types. This survey research was supported by laboratory analysis of the soil's physical and chemical properties and used GIS for data interpretation. Soil samples were collected from 22 Land Map Units (LMUs) with 3 replications each, resulting in 66 samples. The SLAKES software assesses the primary parameter, the slaking index. The supporting parameters analyzed were aggregate stability, bulk density, texture, structure, pH, organic C, and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). The research showed that soil types in the Keduang Sub-Watershed significantly affect the slaking index value. The slaking index ranged from 0.13-11.63, with the highest values for Andisols in a forest, while the lowest values were Inceptisols in a plantation. The allophane mineral in Andisols was causing the high slaking index. The soil factors determining the slaking index were bulk density and exchangeable K. The lower the bulk density, the higher the slaking index. Meanwhile, the lower the exchangeable K, the lower the slaking index. The land management recommendations based on determinant factors are adding organic material and reducing soil cultivation practices.
The Individual and Combined Effects of Cystoseira compressa Extracts and Inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal on Growth and Yield of Wheat under Salinity Conditions
Authors: Salih Sami , Abdulrraziq Ahmed
Published: June 2024

Combined treatments are a successful way to overcome salinity damage in an environmentally safe and cost-effective method. So this experiment aimed to study the individual and combined effects of a seaweed extract of Cystoseira compressa (SWE) and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (VA-M) on the growth and yield of Triticum aestivum L. cultivar (ACSAD 1398), under salinity conditions. In general, the study showed a significant decrease in morphological and biochemical parameters of the wheat under salinity levels. On the contrary, the results showed that all treatments significantly increased shoot and root length, number of leaves /plant, leaf area, seedling length, fresh and dry weight seedlings, spike length, fresh and dry weight spike, chlorophyll (a b), carotenoids, total pigments, Ca, Mg, P, K, Cu, N, crude protein, and total soluble sugars. As caused a decrease in proline content. The findings revealed that the (SWE+VA-M) combined treatment was superior to the foliar individual application of (SWE), and (VA-M) individual inoculation.
Morphological and Physiological Changes under NaCl Stress in Some Pyrus and Quince Rootstocks
Authors: Aydınlı Melih , Yıldırım Fatma , Kaçal Emel , Altındal Mesut , Yıldız Halit
Published: June 2024

In this study, the aim was to determine some morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in non-grafted plants of OHxF 97, OHxF 333, Fox 11, and BA 29 rootstocks under NaCl stress. NaCl (0 mM, 20 mM, 40 mM, and 80 mM) was applied to the rootstocks planted in 18-liter pots with irrigation water repeated over two years. Under NaCl stress, plant height, plant diameter, and leaf area decreased in all rootstocks. Additionally, Fox 11 and BA 29 rootstocks were more adversely affected by NaCl stress to leaf necrosis. The amounts of chl a, chl b, and total chl decreased in Fox 11 rootstock with moderate and severe stress treatments. Carotenoid content in the leaves, especially under severe stress conditions, showed a decrease in Pyrus rootstocks. Under NaCl stress, the leaves of Fox 11 were rich in proline. MDA content generally increased with NaCl stress compared to the control in Fox 11 and BA 29. Although significant changes in plant nutrients were generally not observed with NaCl, a significant decrease in the amount of K+ in the leaves of Fox 11 was identified. Consequently, Fox 11 and BA 29 rootstocks exhibit sensitivity to NaCl stress, whereas OHxF rootstocks demonstrate greater tolerance.
Effects of Hot Water Obtained by Solar Energy on the Weeds Convolvulus arvensis L., Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. and Amaranthus retroflexus L.
Authors: Güney Sarıtaş Ayfer , Gürbüz Ramazan
Published: June 2024

This study was carried out to determine the effect of hot water obtained by the solar method (solar energy) on the different plant growth stages of Convolvulus arvensis, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Setaria viridis species, which are problematic in agricultural areas. Hot water at a temperature of 98 °C, obtained using the solar method, was applied at 15:00 pm. The hot water was applied in two different doses depending on the driving speed (1st speed: 4 km h-1, 2nd speed: 2 km h-1) of the tractor. The application was carried out at three stages of plant growth (20, 40, 60 days old plants). According to the BBCH scale, these periods correspond approximately to GS:19, GS:40, and GS:60. In the results of the study; it was found that hot water application was more effective in the of GS:19 2 km h-1 (77%) to the aerial parts of C. arvensis and GS:19 2 km h-1 (68%) to the underground parts of A. retroflexus. In the hot water speed, it was observed that the 2nd speed (2 km h-1) was more effective on weeds than the 1st speed (4 km h-1).
Tele-Psychiatry to address Severe Persistent Mental Illness in Rural Communities: An Economic and Break-Even Analysis
Authors: C. Haynes Sarah , P. Marcin James , Yellowlees Peter , Yang Stephanie , S. Hoch Jeffrey
Published: June 2024

Background: People living in rural communities experience significant barriers accessing mental health care, including a shortage of psychiatrists and other behavioral health specialists. Telemedicine has the ability to improve access for these populations by allowing psychiatrists in urban settings to treat rural patients over video. However, start-up costs may hinder implementation of new tele-psychiatry programs. Materials and Methods: We created a model to estimate the point at which tele-psychiatry would financially break even based on estimates of improved access to outpatient care for people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We demonstrate how our model can be used with an example of a tele-psychiatry program serving five rural Indian Health Services clinics in California. Results: When reimbursement for psychiatric services provided over telemedicine is relatively low compared to reimbursement for hospitalization visits, changes in the ratio of hospitalizations to telemedicine visits have very little impact on required hospitalization improvement. Conclusions: Tele-psychiatry programs are likely to break even within the first three years when providing psychiatry services to a rural community with a scarcity of mental health services. Our findings are important because they indicate that the cost of improving access to tele-psychiatry services is likely low compared to the potential cost savings associated with reduced hospitalizations for people with severe persistent mental illness.
Autophagy Regulates Transglutaminase-1 Expression and Vitamin C Enhances Autophagic Activity in Keratinocytes
Authors: Hagino Akira , Gomi Mitsuhiro
Published: June 2024

Vitamin C, known for its various effects on the skin, promotes epidermal differentiation and enhances skin barrier function. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that maintains cellular homeostasis. Although autophagy decrement has been associated with barrier defects in skin diseases, the mechanism by which autophagy regulates skin barrier function remains insufficiently understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between autophagy and transglutaminase-1 (TGase-1), a molecule required to form the cornified envelope that contributes to skin barrier function. We also examined the effect of vitamin C on autophagy in epidermal keratinocytes. Autophagy modulation through the knockdown of autophagy-related molecules (ATG5, ATG7, and ATG13) significantly decreased TGase-1 expression in human epidermal keratinocytes. Furthermore, vitamin C treatment enhanced the autophagic activity of epidermal keratinocytes and suppressed TGase-1 expression decrease in ATG13 knockdown cells. In conclusion, TGase-1 expression can be regulated by autophagy, and vitamin C may be involved in skin barrier function through autophagy activation. Abbreviations: TGase-1: transglutaminase-1; CE: cornified envelope; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7, ATG13: autophagy related 13, LOR: loricrin; FLG: filaggrin; TBP: TATA-box binding protein; LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; CQ: chloroquine; VC: vitamin C; CTL: control.
MAKUNAIMÃ: O PAPEL DO TEATRO-EDUCAÇÃO ANTIRRACISTA NO BRASIL
Authors: ALVES-BRITO Alan , PINHEIRO Isael da Silva
Published: June 2024

Este artigo discorre sobre o teatro-educação antirracista a partir da análise teórica da peça Makunaimã: o mito através do tempo. Ampliamos a discussão sobre o papel do teatro-educação, entendendo-o como uma poderosa ferramenta histórica, literária e epistemológica para a inserção da educação das relações étnico-raciais na cultura escolar e nos processos formativos de estudantes e professores da educação básica. Amparados no pensamento de intelectuais indígenas e pressupostos dos Movimentos Sociais Indígenas Educadores, concluímos que a peça analisada sintetiza um conjunto de conhecimentos e reflexões que fomentam de forma visceral práticas antirracistas cruciais para a promoção da interdisciplinaridade na educação básica.
Sosialisasi Penggunaan Kawat Anyaman Pada Bangunan Tahan Gempa Di Desa Karang Bayan Kabupaten Lombok Barat
Authors: Mahmud Fathmah , Hariyadi Hariyadi , Merdana I Nyoman , Ngudiyono Ngudiyono , Kencanawati Ni Nyoman
Published: June 2024

In Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, major earthquakes triggered by transform margin or plate shift often arise, leading to casualties, not only claiming lives but also affecting the livelihood of locals. Karang Bayan Village is a region division of Segerongan Village, these areas are often affected by major earthquakes, the last one took place not too long ago, in 2018. Due to its area located on the mountain slope of Rinjani, Karang Bayan has captivating scenery with a rather mild temperature, making it a perfect tourist destination. Karang Bayan offers various tourist attractions, starting from tours of traditional houses, durian orchards, horse riding, rafting, waterfalls, and many more to explore around the village. To boost tourism, Karang Bayan needs to establish proper accommodations along with other tourist facilities like restaurants. Ferrocement-coated buildings are suitable options considering their strength to withstand an earthquake. Mesh wire application on a ferrocement is more economical and practical compared to applying reinforced columns, reinforced beams, or beam-column joints reinforcement detailing. Both planning and construction are integral parts of founding strong buildings, miscalculations will pose threats to the inhabitants of the building. Karang Bayan community has limited knowledge of mesh-wired ferrocement walls for earthquake-resistant buildings, this community service is carried out in the hope people of Karang Bayan will be capable of constructing earthquake-resistant buildings with mesh-wired ferrocement walls. Positive feedback is shown by enthusiastic discussion between the Karang Bayan community with the community service team.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Kotoran Sapi Menjadi Pupuk Organik Kompos Dengan Metode Fermentasi EM4 di Desa Batu Kumbung
Authors: Suliartini Ni Wayan Sri , Ismayanti Jumratul , Khairina Khairina , Sintanu Muh. Andi Wirya , Alvin Zen
Published: June 2024

Batu Kumbung Village is a village located in Lingsar District, West Lombok Regency which is famous for its extensive agricultural land and the village with the largest number of cattle. The large number of livestock causes serious environmental problems caused by livestock waste that is not managed properly. This service is carried out with the aim of providing information, solutions and practices for managing livestock waste into more useful products such as compost. The making of compost was carried out in June and took place in one of the residents' houses which had a cow shed, and the target of this service was all residents of Batu Kumbung Village who had cattle. Compost is made using the fermentation method using EM4. The materials used are cow dung, straw and apu-apu weed. EM4 (Effective Microorganisms) is a mixture of beneficial microorganisms and can speed up the fermentation process. The addition of straw and apu-apu weed aims to balance the C/N ratio levels in compost fertilizer. Cow dung contains the nutrients 0.33% nitrogen, 0.11% phosphorus, 0.13% potassium and 0.26% calcium which makes cow dung suitable for use as compost. Information regarding the content of cow manure was conveyed to the residents of Batu Kumbung Village by the service team. The process of making compost fertilizer is also practiced directly by the community service team in Batu Kumbung Village. The practice of making compost fertilizer is done by mixing dried cow dung, straw and apu-apu weed, then stirring it and placing it in a pile, after which it is sprayed using EM4 solution. This service can provide information about the content of cow dung as well as solutions for managing cow dung waste into useful products.
Sosialisasi Penerapan Biosecurity Dalam Budidaya Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus Vannamei) di Desa Kuranji Dalang, Lombok Barat
Authors: Lestari Dewi Putri , Lumbessy Salnida Yuniarti , Abidin Zaenal , Diamahesa Wastu Ayu , Rahmadani Thoy Batun Citra
Published: June 2024

The application of the biosecurity system as an effort to prevent failures in aquaculture activities, one of which is vaname shrimp farming. Because in aquaculture activities it is known that the water sources used come from natural water sources. Like in the Kuranji area where the source of sea water comes from Kuranji Beach. So that the water area qualifies as an open water area (Open System) and there is a greater possibility of microbiological and chemical contaminants being carried into the aquaculture system through water. Therefore, it is necessary to socialize the introduction of biosecurity systems by making water filters as an effort to prevent microbiology that can interfere with shrimp farming activities.
Penyuluhan Tentang Banjir Pada Masyarakat Dan Pemuda di Kelurahan Mandalika Sandubaya Kota Mataram
Authors: Negara I Dewa Gede Jaya , Karyawan I Dewa Made Alit , Supriyadi Anid , Mahendra Made , Saidah Humairo , Merdana I Nyoman , Sulistiyono Heri , Yasa I Wayan , Suparjo Suparjo , Suroso Agus
Published: June 2024

, because there are still many residents who do not understand what floods are and what to do when experiencing floods. To provide awareness about floods, education about floods must be carried out for children and the elderly so that it occurs. similarities in perception and knowledge about this matter, especially for city residents in upstream areas such as in Mandalika Village. Education about floods is carried out in several stages, including the initial survey stage, coordination, discussion, question and answer activities and evaluation. The counseling material provided includes perceptions about floods, factors that cause floods, ways to avoid and reduce the occurrence of floods and the infrastructure needed to anticipate floods. During the outreach process, discussion and question and answer sessions were also provided, to increase participants' understanding of floods. The result of the service that has been carried out is being able to provide counseling to the community, both young people and parents, totaling 25 representatives who attended, including the management of Banjar Sedana Ayu. Participants have gained knowledge about floods and have understood the phenomenon of flooding and ways to avoid it after a question and answer session at the end of the outreach activity. By having the participants at the location of this trial, some of the people in the Mandalika sub-district already understand how floods occur and are expected to be able to deal with them if they happen.