bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Candidates for GRL North American coeditor sought
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Geophysical Research Letters (GRL), AGU's all‐Union primary research journal, is seeking candidates and nominations for candidates to succeed Rob Van der Voo, whose term as North American Coeditor ends December 31, 1986. The successful candidate will be challenged to seek out interesting papers at the forefront of the geophysical sciences and to attempt to strike a balance in the publication of that science that is of interest to the entire AGU membership. While complementing the interests of Editor in Chief Alex Dessler, the successful candidate will also be challenged to maintain rapid publication time and minimize the publication of research that is routine. The North American Coeditor should be prepared to welcome controversial research papers that challenge conventional wisdom in all fields of interest to AGU. The individual selected for this prestigious position will have a vital role in making GRL an even more important and more exciting journal that readers look forward to receiving each month.
[Comment on “Relief of the surface of the Earth”] Projection correction
Authors: Snyder John P.
Published: October 2011

The cover of the March 11, 1986, issue of Eos featured an attractive color world map entitled “Relief of the Surface of the Earth,” published jointly by several agencies. It is stated that the Mercator projection is used, as indeed it appears and is so labeled. In fact, this is not a true Mercator. The detail on the map, as available to the public, deviates from its correct position by as much as 3.2 mm (53 km) at 65°N and S latitude given the printed scale of 1:39,000,000 for the equator. This will not be a problem for many applications of the map, but it can seriously affect attempts to overlay other data on it.
high‐risk volcanos program proposed
Authors: Schmincke H. U.
Published: October 2011

The eruption of Nevado del Ruiz in Colombia on November 13, 1985, caused the death of 25,000 people. The potential for tragedies of similar or greater dimensions exists at many other volcanos, expecially those in developing countries. The International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAV‐CEI), on the occasion of the International Volcanological Congress in New Zealand (February 1986), strongly urged that programs to reduce the risk of major volcanic catastrophies be initiated and given lasting support.
Origins of the 1961 Axford‐Hines paper on magnetospheric convection
Authors: Hines C. O.
Published: October 2011

The origins of the 1961 Axford‐Hines paper on magnetospheric convection had its origins, in my mind, in a review of motions in the ionosphere [Hines, 1959] that was requested of me by Millett Morgan of Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H. In the course of that review, I was led to propose hydromagnetic coupling on open magnetic field lines as a mechanism that might inhibit corotation of the earth's polar ionosphere.
[Comment on “Is Venus alive?”] Lightning: Not a verdict on Venus' life
Authors: Singh Rama N.
Published: October 2011

Earth‐based and in situ observations of Venus show it to be like the earth in some respects and different in others. One of the possible phenomena for such a comparison is the occurrence of lightning. Another is the occurrence of volcanism. Recently, Harry Taylor (Eos, June 3, 1986, p. 501) has questioned the existence of lightning on Venus and in turn, inferred that volcanism must be absent and hence that Venus must be a dead planet. It is not as evident to this observer that the evidence for lightning is weak.
REPINDEX: Computerized abstract service
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

REPINDEX is an “awareness tool” for information in support of the International Drinking Water and Sanitation Decade (1981–1990). Specifically, it is a computerized index of documents concerning water supply and sanitation in Latin America and the Caribbean. Each issue of the quarterly publication, which was founded 4 years ago, contains about 700 to 1000 document abstracts. These are indexed by author, institution, subject, and country.
Supercomputers and science: Some warning signs
Authors: Cushman John H. , Wobber Frank J.
Published: October 2011

The Purdue Water Resources Research Center, in conjunction with the Office of Health and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy, cosponsored a meeting on the current uses of and future needs for supercomputers in hydrology at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind., September 10–12, 1985. The charge of the seminar, “Supercomputers in Hydrology: Future Directions” (the first meeting of its kind), was to evaluate the need for large‐scale vector and parallel processing machines and their peripherals in the hydrologic sciences with emphasis on subsurface hydraulics. The seminar was attended by about 50 leaders from academia, industry, and government. While the charge of the seminar was to specifically deal with hydrologic applications of supercomputers, the conclusions drawn at the meeting apply equally well to many other fields of science and technology.
Role of groundwater flow in geologic and geodynamic processes
Authors: Smith Leslie
Published: October 2011

A symposium was organized at the 1986 AGU Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md., May 19–22, to discuss the role of pore fluids in influencing a number of geologic and geodynamic processes. The symposium began with seven invited papers presented in an All‐Union Session. Two half‐day sessions sponsored by the Hydrology Section followed. The sessions were designed to provide a broad overview of the topic, with the hope that greater interaction might be stimulated between members of the Hydrology Section and those members in other sections of the Union.

The dynamics of pore fluids are a crucial link in the coupling of hydrologic, thermal, mechanical, and geochemical processes that occur in the upper crust of the earth. These processes act on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales and at depths ranging from many kilometers to near the surface. Consequently, hydraulic properties such as permeability and compressibility can often be viewed as basic parameters in many geologic and geodynamic processes.
The NSF Physical Oceanography Program
Authors: Collins Curt , Pennock Jonathan
Published: October 2011

The purpose of this report is to document the evolution and character of the Physical Oceanography Programs at the National Science Foundation (NSF) over the last decade. It is hoped that a discussion of recent trends in proposal review and funding statistics will provide the research community with some useful insight into both the current status and future directions of the program.
Fellowships for women
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Mary Ingraham Bunting Institute of Radcliffe College, Cambridge, Mass., is offering a variety of fellowship programs in 1987–1988 for women who wish to pursue independent study in academic and professional fields, in creative writing, and in the visual and performing arts. Fellows must live in the Boston area during their appointment and will have office or studio space, auditing privileges, and access to libraries and other resources provided by Radcliffe College and Harvard University. Those in academic fields must have received a doctorate at least 2 years prior to their appointment.
NACOA threatened
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

The 15‐year‐old National Advisory Committee on Oceans and Atmosphere (NACOA) seems unlikely to survive past September 30, 1986, the end of the current fiscal year. NACOA's survival in Congress has been in peril on many occasions in the past (Eos, July 17, 1984, p. 442; July 16, 1985, p.545), but the situation this year is the most serious to date. Not only was NACOA funding left out of appropriation bills in both the House of Representatives and the Senate, but the budget reconciliation bill now under consideration in the House (H.R. 5300) includes a provision that would terminate the committee's existence as a federal entity.
Velior Petrovich
Authors: Ness Norman
Published: October 2011

Dr. Velior Petrovich Shabansky, aged 58, the head of the Laboratory of Cosmic Electrodynamics, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, suddenly passed away on November 16, 1985, of a heart attack. He was one of the founders of theoretical ideas in physics of interplanetary and near‐earth space. Shabansky obtained his education at the Moscow State University and joined the P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., as a postgraduate. He obtained his Candidate's Degree in theory of conductivity of metals in strong electric fields, with V. L. Ginsburg as his advisor, in 1954. During 1954–1958, Shabansky continued investigation of nonlinear properties of plasma in metals. For the next 2 years, he worked at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. Shabansky left the Crimean Observatory to go to the Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, where he investigated the earth's radiation belts, the plasma of the earth's magnetosphere, finished his doctoral dissertation, and received his degree in 1966. From 1966, he headed the Laboratory of Cosmic Electrodynamics, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University. He is best known to the scientific community in the Soviet Union as chief of the Seminar on Cosmic Electrodynamics. Shabansky elaborated a special course of lectures on space physics that has been delivered for many years at the Physical Faculty, Moscow State University. He taught a large number of Soviet physicists, experts in cosmic electrodynamics. An enthusiastic, talented, and many‐sided personality, he carried away everybody who knew him. He was known to the U.S. space physics community because of his own work, because of the work of his colleagues and students, a n d because of his infectious and spirited personality. Having died an untimely death, he left a deeply mourning widow and a 23‐year‐old son. Friends and colleagues will keep the bright image of Dr. Shabansky in their memory forever.
SESAC releases recommendations for NASA science
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) needs to take action to ensure the long‐term health of the space and earth science program in the wake of the Challenger accident, according to recommendations made recently by the Space and Earth Science Advisory Committee (SESAC) of the NASA Advisory Council (NAC). The space agency also must hasten to address “more immediate threats to the survival of significant elements of the space and earth science infrastructure that require near‐term actions,” (see boxed item with SESAC recommendations). “It is important that NASA seek means to address both the near‐term and longer‐term needs of the program simultaneously,” the committee emphasized.
Nalin Mukherjee 1922”1984
Authors: Moe Kenneth
Published: October 2011

Professor Nalin Mukherjee passed away in January 1984. He was loved and respected by colleagues all over the world. Nalin Mukherjee received his bachelor's and master's degrees in Bengal, India. He was awarded a Ph.D. in physical chemistry by the University of London in 1949. Shortly afterward, Sydney Chapman brought him to the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska, in Fairbanks. Later, Mukherjee taught at the University of Washington, Seattle, and then at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, where he worked closely with Henry Eyring.
Ground Movements and Their Effects on Structures
Authors: Krinitzsky E. L.
Published: October 2011

This is a source book on the topic of both natural and man‐induced ground motions that are of concern in engineering. It addresses a need that most practitioners of engineering have for a detailed guide to this subject. The book is multi‐authored, with contributions from 19 specialists. It is multinational in a limited sense: Two of the authors are with Dames and Moore in San Francisco, while the rest work in the United Kingdom. Their specializations include a very good mix of mining engineering, geotechnical engineering, civil engineering, engineering geology, and engineering seismology. The book is timely because no other book addresses this important subject with such a breadth of expertise and in the light of present‐day knowledge.
Earth rotation: Solved and unsolved problems
Authors: Cazenave A. , Paquet P.
Published: October 2011

A workshop dedicated to earth rotation problems was held in Bonas, France, June 11–13, 1985. It was organized by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Scientific Affairs Division and the Council of Europe and was attended by 39 participants from eight different countries.

In the last 10 years, extremely precise measurements of the earth's rotation parameters and new global geophysical data have become available, allowing major advances to be made in the understanding of the various irregularities affecting the earth's rotation. The aim of this workshop was to bring together scientists who have made important contributions in this field during the last decade, both at the observational and geophysical interpretation levels. The first session was dedicated to the definition, implementation, and maintenance of the terrestrial and celestial reference systems.
History of geophysics: Volume 2
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This second volume in the AGU History of Geophysics Series continues the general aims of presenting articles concerning the social and intellectual history of the geophysical sciences. The articles are collected from peer‐reviewed material that has appeared in Eos and several other AGU journals. The series is intended for a broad and diverse audience, including professional scientists, students, historians, and those concerned with policy studies.
Officers of the American Geophysical Union July 1, 1986 to June 30, 1988
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The names, addresses, telephone numbers, and (where available) electronic mailboxes for the AGU officers are listed below. Unless otherwise noted, Telemail addresses are for use on the MAIL portion of GTE's Telemail system. Photographs of the officers were published in the July 1, 1986, Eos. Short biographies for all of the officers and statements of intent from the presidents may be found in earlier issues of Eos, as noted in parentheses.
AGU Committees
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

AGU committees, their charges, and their members whom President Eagleson has appointed for the 1986–1988 term are listed below.
AGU style: A guide for contributors
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

AGU considers only original scientific contributions that have not been accepted or published elsewhere and are not under consideration by another publisher. A contribution is considered previously published if its data and conclusions are offered for sale or are generally available in other ways to the public. Regardless of the original publication medium, including print, magnetic tape, or microform, such contributions are not eligible for republication in AGU journals or books.
Adrian E. Gill 1937”1986
Authors: Clarke Allan J.
Published: October 2011

On April 19, Adrian Gill, FRS, my former thesis advisor and distinguished friend, died suddenly of cancer. My sadness and disbelief are more strongly felt because the life of this gifted and generous man ended so early.

Born in Melbourne, Australia, Adrian was granted his Ph.D. at Cambridge University, Cambridge, U.K., in 1963. After a year at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, Mass.), he returned to Cambridge in Britain, where he spent most of the rest of his life. In 1984, he left Cambridge to become director and cofounder of the Hooke Institute in Oxford, U.K. During his career he enjoyed many summers working in the United States.
Research hole to intersect Inyo Dike
Authors: Eichelberger John C.
Published: October 2011

A new phase of drilling into the Inyo Domes volcanic chain of eastern California is being planned for late spring of 1987. A hole will be continuously cored along a steeply dipping trajectory across the trend of the chain from a site near Inyo Craters, reaching a final depth of approximately 1000 m. The site lies in an area of spectacular surface fractures and phreatic craters within the West Moat of Long Valley Caldera. The fractures and craters are believed to have formed as the rhyolite dike that fed the 600‐yr‐old Inyo eruption approached the surface. The hole is expected to traverse a post‐caldera sequence of mafic and rhyolitic flows and rhyolitic tephra, intersecting the Inyo Dike at about 600‐m depth, and terminating in the Bishop Tuff. Primary objectives of the hole are to determine the relationship of the dike to the surface deformation and phreatic activity and to compare chemical and physical features of the intrusion in the wet, permeable caldera fill environment with completed drilling observations of the same dike in granitic basement outside the caldera. Key observations will include the size, structure, and porosity of the dike, the distribution of retained volatiles, and the nature of glass and chemical boundary zones. Additional observations in the wall rock will include the distribution of fractures and their relationship to surface structures, the nature and distribution of intrusive tephra derived from the dike, and chemical alteration due to the intrusive event. Secondary objectives of the hole will be to describe the stratigraphy of the West Moat of the caldera and to observe its hydrothermal system.
Giant raindrops seen in warm clouds
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

A paper in this month's issue of Geophysical Research Letters helps to dispel the conventional idea that raindrops 4–8 mm in diameter can only result from the melting of cloud ice. Giant raindrops up to 8 mm in diameter have now been observed in tropical rainstorms, according to Kenneth V. Beard of the Illinois State Water Survey (Champaign, Ill.), David B. Johnson of the Division of Atmospheric Resources Research in the Bureau of Reclamation (Denver, Colo.), and D. Baumgardner of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (Boulder, Colo.). The clouds studied in the Hawaiian Warm Rain Project were limited by a marine inversion to altitudes where the temperature is above the freezing point.
Geostatistics Council organized
Authors: Miller Stan
Published: October 2011

In response to an informal suggestion made during the 1983 North Atlantic Treaty Organization Advanced Study Institute (NATO ASI) Geostatistics Symposium (Geostat‐Tahoe), the North American Council on Geostatistics has been established and loosely organized. The First Summit Workshop of the council was held August 15–18, 1986, amiably hosted by the University of Wyoming at its Trail Lake Ranch Conference Center near Dubois, Wyo. The workshop format provided for informal discussions and a flexible schedule, being somewhat modeled after the Geological Society of America's Penrose Conferences in Geology. Twenty invited participants exchanged ideas about organizational and technical matters, such as the character and objectives of the council, the research and educational needs in geostatistics, and several technical issues of general interest to the geostatistical community. Workshop attendance was by invitation only to ensure a council membership that was small in size yet representative of various professional disciplines in government, industry, and academia.
NSF Fellowships available
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Applications are available for National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Fellowships and Minority Graduate Fellowships for 1987–1988. These fellowships provide an annual stipend of $11,100 and a cost‐of‐education allowance of $6000 per year. The education allowance is provided to each fellow's educational institution in lieu of all tuition and fees. These fellowships are renewable for up to 3 years, depending on the availability of NSF funds.
The First GLOBMET Symposium
Authors: Roper R. G.
Published: October 2011

The First GLOBMET Symposium was held in Dushanbe, Tadzhikistan, U.S.S.R., August 19–24, 1985. GLOBMET (Global Meteor Observation System) was first proposed by the Soviet Geophysical Committee in Moscow (specifically, by committee members B. L. Kashcheyev and V. A. Nechitailenko) and was accepted by the Middle Atmosphere Program (MAP) Steering Committee of the Scientific Committee on Solar‐Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP, part of the International Council of Scientific Unions) as a MAP project in 1982. While the atmospheric dynamics data from the system are of primary interest to MAP, GLOBMET also encompasses the astronomical radio and optical observations of meteoroids and the physics of their interaction with the earth's atmosphere.
Evolution of the notion of time in hydrogeology
Authors: Narasimhan T. N.
Published: October 2011

The AGU Hydrology Section sponsored a special session on History and Heritage of Hydrology between 8:30 A.M. and 12 noon on Monday, December 9, 1985, during the Fall Meeting at San Francisco. The session was chaired by T. N. Narasimhan of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (Berkeley, Calif.). The attendance of between 100 and 120 for each talk was indicative of a healthy interest among researchers on matters related to history.

The first part of the session focused attention on the theme “The Evolution of the Notion of Time in Hydrogeology.” The last two speakers addressed topics outside of this theme. Simon Ince (University of Arizona, Tucson) presented a historical account of the contributions of 19th century French scientist Barre de Saint‐Venant to transient flow of water in open channels. Olaf H. Pfannkuch (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis) presented a historical account of the Cult of Saint Barbara and the mining profession of medieval Europe. The following summary is restricted to an overview of those presentations that dealt with the evolution of the notion of time in hydrogeology.
The Post‐Magsat hiatus in satellite geomagnetism
Authors: Benton E. R.
Published: October 2011

One showpiece of the space program has been the explosive growth in the subject of “planetary magnetism” [Russell, 1979, 1980]. Beginning with the December 1962 flyby of Venus by Mariner 2 and continuing through the January 1986 flyby of Uranus by Voyager 2, there have been over 15 spacecraft encounters of Mercury, Venus, the moon, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus, not to mention the planetary satellites. Venus, Mars, and the moon have each been orbited several times. In a sense, and somewhat ironically, the earth has received less magnetic scrutiny than our nearest neighbors in space.
A partnership between geosciences and the public
Authors: Seibold Eugen
Published: October 2011

The spring business meeting of the GP Section was held during the GP Luncheon on Tuesday, May 20, 1986, in Baltimore, Md. Outgoing President Neil Opdyke introduced the newly elected officers: President Subir Banerjee (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis), President‐Elect Ron Merrill (University of Washington, Seattle), and Secretary Laurie Brown (University of Massachusetts, Amherst). Announcements to members included upcoming workshops on rock magnetism and deep sea drilling (further details available elsewhere in the GP Compass) and the formation of a group to study the earth's core and lower mantle (the International Study of the Earth's Core and Lower Mantle, or ISECALM). The intention of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Earth Sciences Division to have deadlines of August 15 and January 15 for proposal submission was also announced.
GPS systems to be demonstrated
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

Most of us think of the settings of scientific meetings in terms of darkened rooms with slide projectors, or arrays of bulletin boards and video screens with poster papers. One of the most visible sessions at the 1986 AGU Fall Meeting/ASLO Winter Meeting, however, will be a demonstration of the Global Positioning System (GPS) on the lawn and sidewalk area just across from the Civic Auditorium in San Francisco, Calif.

Although the demonstration will begin in the wee hours of the morning on Tuesday, December 9 (rain date: Wednesday, December 10), the instruments—at least three different pairs of GPS instruments from different manufacturers—will remain set up for examination during the morning sessions that day. The observations will be reduced with microcomputer software packages in an informal session on Wednesday afternoon, and the results of the measurements and reductions will be presented as part of a poster session on the morning of Thursday, December 11.
Geophysicists
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The spring business meeting of the GP Section was held during the GP Luncheon on Tuesday, May 20, 1986, in Baltimore, Md. Outgoing President Neil Opdyke introduced the newly elected officers: President Subir Banerjee (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis), President‐Elect Ron Merrill (University of Washington, Seattle), and Secretary Laurie Brown (University of Massachusetts, Amherst). Announcements to members included upcoming workshops on rock magnetism and deep sea drilling (further details available elsewhere in the GP Compass) and the formation of a group to study the earth's core and lower mantle (the International Study of the Earth's Core and Lower Mantle, or ISECALM). The intention of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Earth Sciences Division to have deadlines of August 15 and January 15 for proposal submission was also announced.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This is a summary of SEAN Bulletin, 11(8), August 31, 1986, a publication of the Smithsonian Institution's Scientific Event Alert Network. The complete bulletin is available in the microfiche edition of Eos as a microfiche supplement or as a paper reprint. For the microfiche, order document E86‐010 at $2.50 (U.S.) from AGU Customer Services, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20009. For the paper reprint, order SEAN Bulletin (giving volume and issue numbers and issue date) through AGU Separates at the above address; the price is $3.50 for one copy of each issue number for those who do not have a deposit account, $2 for those who do; additional copies of each issue number are $1.
SPR: The next two years
Authors: Helliwell Robert
Published: October 2011

I am pleased to follow George Reid as president of the SPR Section. We owe George and his team a vote of thanks for leading one of the most active and productive sections in AGU. In the present piece, I will review the organization of the SPR Section for the coming 2‐year period and comment on the following topics: annual meetings, posters versus oral presentations, hard times, and new blood.
NSF Award EPSCoR Grants
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Science Board, the policymaking body of the National Science Foundation (NSF), has approved the awarding of grants totalling $23.5 million to eight governmental jurisdictions to improve the quality of U.S. science and engineering research. The jurisdictions are Alabama, Kentucky, Nevada, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Puerto Rico, Vermont, and Wyoming. Grants will total between $2.5 and $3 million over 5 years for each jurisdiction.

The grants are being made under NSF's Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR). The program is designed to improve the quality of science and engineering, to increase the number of scientists and engineers that are able to compete successfully for federal grants, and to improve the research environment in the participating jurisdictions and institutions.
Neotectonic maps to be unveiled
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

A new series of four neotectonic maps of the entire continent of North America will be presented in a poster session to be held on Friday morning, December 12, at the 1986 AGU Fall Meeting/ASLO Winter Meeting in San Francisco, Calif. The geothermal, stress, seismicity, and geologic (also called neotectonic (sensu stricto)) maps represent the first time that these basic data have been put together on a continental scale, according to Burt Slemmons of the Center for Neotectonic Studies at the Mackay School of Mines, University of Nevada (Reno), chairman of the session.

The new maps, all in at least preliminary form, are being prepared by four groups under the Decade of North American Geology (DNAG) project of the Geological Society of America, a project undertaken to mark the society's centennial decade. Having the data gathered in such a form “will provide the basis for syntheses” that may lead to new understanding of the tectonics of the continent, Slemmons said. When the maps are published, they will be accompanied by a volume that will provide interpretation and background information.
Chemical controls on ecology in a coastal wetland
Authors: Casey William H. , Guber Albert , Bursey Charles , Olsen Curtis R.
Published: October 2011

The chemistry of marsh sediment is profoundly affected by seasonal cycles, including desiccation of the sediment in summer and the growth of vegetation. In this article, we examine the relation of these processes to the transport of natural and fallout radionuclides in sediment.
U.K. Flow Regime Project Aids IHP III
Authors: Rodda John
Published: October 2011

The Flow Regimes from Experimental and Network Data (FREND) project was established in 1985 in the United Kingdom to undertake a 3‐year project as the major contribution to Project 6.1 of the Third Phase of the International Hydrological Programme (IHP). The project was initiated by IHP with the objective of analyzing hydrological data from small research and national network basins to study the natural and man‐made hydrological regimes. Although a number of individual basin studies have previously been carried out in the study area of northwest Europe, there have been few attempts to compare results from different countries or to provide techniques for generalizing or extrapolating research results beyond individual catchment boundaries. FREND seeks to overcome this deficiency by applying statistical analyses and modeling techniques to a large European data base.
USGS Water summary
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The abundant surface water resources of the United States are under increasing strain to meet the country's demands, according to the third annual National Water Summary, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). In announcing release of the report, Interior Secretary Don Hodel said that “the country's surface water resources need to be fully understood, managed well, and protected for maximum future use.” The Interior Department, Hodel said, is committed to help increase understanding of “the hydrologic processes that control the availability, quantity, and, to some extent, the quality of the country's water supply.”

The 506‐page report includes state‐by‐state summaries of the occurrence, use, and management of surface water resources. The summaries feature multicolor maps that show principal river basins and reservoirs, graphs on variations in precipitation and streamflows, and tables of streamflow characteristics. The 1985 National Water Summary also provides a review of hydrologic conditions from October 1984 through September 1985 and articles on a range of major hydrologic events during the year, including a drought in the Delaware River basin, record high levels of the Great Lakes, and the August 1985 flood in Cheyenne, Wyo., which was the worst in 120 years.
1987 Birdsall distinguished lecturer chosen
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Shlomo Newman (University of Arizona, Tucson) has been selected to be the Birdsall Distinguished Lecturer in Hydrogeology, Geological Society of America, for the academic year, 1986–1987.
Along the waterfront
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A. (Max) Kohler, an AGU Fellow and former Hydrology Section President (1968–1970) received the International Hydrology Prize from the Internation Association of Hydrologic Sciences on July 10, 1986, during the IAHS Second Scientific Assembly at Budapest, Hungary.
Applications of personal computers in geophysics
Authors: Lee W. H. K. , Lahr J. C. , Habermann R. E.
Published: October 2011

Since 1981, the use of personal computers (PCs) to increase productivity has become widespread. At present, more than 5 million personal computers are in operation for business, education, engineering, and scientific purposes. Activities within AGU reflect this trend: KOSMOS, the AGU electronic network, was introduced this year, and the AGU Committee on Personal Computers, chaired by W.H K. Lee (U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, Calif.), was recently formed. In addition, in conjunction with the 1986 AGU Fall Meeting, this committee is organizing a personal computer session and hands‐on demonstrations to promote applications of personal computers in geophysics.
AIP appoints New CEO
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The American Institute of Physics (AIP) has announced the appointment of a new chief executive officer, Kenneth W. Ford, who is to succeed H. William Koch when Koch retires on March 28, 1987. Koch has held the position since 1966.

AIP is a not‐for‐profit scientific organization made up of 10 member societies, including AGU, that represent more than 90,000 scientists. Its main activities include scientific publishing and marketing of 76 primary physics journals, including translations of foreign journals, books, conference proceedings, and the magazine Physics Today. AIP also is involved with electronic abstracting and other scientific communications and has active programs in education, public information, manpower statistics, and the history of physics.
STIP Symposium on Retrospective Analyses and Future Coordinated Intervals
Authors: Dryer M. , Shea M. A.
Published: October 2011

The STIP (Study of Travelling Interplanetary Phenomena) Project of the Scientific Committee for Solar‐Terrestrial Physics held its fifth international meeting in Les Diablerets, Switzerland, June 10–12, 1985. The STIP Project has as its objective the interdisciplinary, informal, and internationally cooperative study of specific solar and interplanetary events during all parts of the solar cycle. The purpose of this meeting was to bring together scientists from all areas of solar‐terrestrial physics, both theoretical and experimental, to promote this coordinated study of coupling between the sun and the heliosphere and, in particular, to focus attention on 14 specific intervals of study and to outline scientific objectives for five future intervals. The meeting consisted of six successive sessions and an open business meeting. The program was arranged so that previously appointed coordinators could present invited half‐hour summaries of the scientific highlights that characterized each of their Intervals. Contributed papers of 20‐minute duration were interspersed among the chronological Interval presentations with 10–20 minute informal discussions following the speakers' presentations. There were 42 scientific papers presented at the meeting by 45 participants from 13 countries. The cosponsors of the conference, along with the Scientific Committee on Solar‐Terrestrial Physics, were Committee for Space Research, International Astronomical Union, and International Union of Pure and Applied Physics. The papers presented at the Les Diablerets meeting will appear in STIP Symposium on Retrospective Analyses (M. A. Shea and D. F. Smart, Editors), a publication by the STIP Project, which is to be available in late 1986.
GP Section selects Best Student Paper
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The AGU Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism (GP) Section has announced its selection of a paper entitled “Multicomponent Magnetization of the Upper Silurian‐Lower Devonian Ringerike Sandstone, Adjacent Dikes, and Permian Lavas, Oslo, Norway” as the best GP student paper presented at the 1986 AGU Spring Meeting. The primary author, Dartmouth College Ph.D. candidate David Douglass, was assisted on the paper by a colleague from Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory. Douglass received his B.S. in geology from the University of California, Los Angeles, in 1980, and in 1984, he received his M.S. in earth sciences at Dartmouth. His current studies examine the paleomagnetism, structure, and sedimentation of several North Atlantic old red sandstone basins.
Best Ocean Sciences Student Paper
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

“Sediment‐Water Radium Exchange” is the title of the presentation selected by the AGU Ocean Sciences Section as the best paper given by a student at the 1986 AGU Spring Meeting. JoLynn Butts, a marine science M.S. candidate at the University of South Carolina (USC), wrote the paper in collaboration with a USC colleague. Butts received her B.A. in natural sciences and mathematics from the New College of the University of South Florida, Sarasota, in 1983. After finishing her M.S. at USC, she will continue her studies there with a Ph.D. program that will examine the transport processes in the Bay of Bengal by utilizing radioisotope tracers.
Direct measurements of the height of Ulugh Muztagh, reputedly the highest peak in the Kunlun, northern Tibet
Authors: Molnar Peter , Bates Robert H. , Burchfield B.C. , Clinch Nicholas B. , Minmin Huang , K'uangyi Liang , Schoening Pete , Shuji Wang , Ziyun Zhao
Published: October 2011

By using a Magnavox Geoceiver to measure a base elevation of one temporary benchmark, a Cubic Precision Uniranger to measure distances between this and two other temporary benchmarks, and a Kern (Model T‐2) theodolite to measure angles among these sites and peaks in the Ulugh Muztagh area, we measure the elevation of Ulugh Muztagh and three neighboring peaks. Our measured height of 6985 ±7 m (1 σ) is very different from the widely accepted value of 7723 m obtained by Littledale in 1895 but is similar to that of 6973 m listed on some Chinese maps. This revised elevation indicates that Ulugh Muztagh is not the highest mountain outside of the Himalaya‐Karakorum chain and may not be the highest in the Kunlun chain.
Antarctic meteorites: A progress report
Authors: Lipschutz Michael E. , Cassidy William A.
Published: October 2011

Meteorites are being used for a variety of extraterrestrial studies. They include the oldest solar system materials available and sample a wide range of parent bodies, some primitive, some highly evolved. Meteorites carry decipherable records of certain solar and galactic effects and yield otherwise unobtainable data about the genesis, evolution, and composition of smaller bodies in the solar system and, by inference, of the earth and other planets, their satellites, and the sun. They also provide an important body of “ground truth,” in a chemical and physical sense, critical to interpreting planetary data obtained by remote sensing.
Space science setbacks discussed
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

Making the best of a difficult situation seemed to be the recurring theme of a forum on the future of U.S. space science held earlier this month at the meeting of the American Physical Society's Division of Plasma Physics in Baltimore, Md. The loss of the space shuttle Challenger has had “immediate and very substantial” effects on space science, according to Jeffrey D. Rosendhal of the Office of Space Science and Applications at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), one of four speakers at the forum.
Illinois Basin ultradeep drillhole
Authors: Frost Joyce K. , Eidel J. James , Goodwin Jonathan H.
Published: October 2011

Throughout the Phanerozoic, the depocenter of the Illinois Basin has remained at or above the intersection of the Reelfoot Rift, the Rough Creek Graben, the Cottage Grove Fault System, and the Wabash Valley Fault System. A proposed Illinois Basin Ultradeep Drillhole (IBUD) (Figure 1) will explore the crustal processes that resulted in the deposition of 400,000 km3 of sediment in this mid‐continent region of the North American plate.

At a workshop held April 1–4, 1986, in Champaign, Ill., more than 120 geologists, geochemists, geophysicists, and drilling engineers addressed the scientific and economic significance of IBUD and prepared a draft science plan to be incorporated in a later formal proposal. The science plan includes the experiments, expected results, and scientific justifications for investigations of basement age, composition, and evolution; tectonics and structure; rock mechanics; basin analysis, hydrogeology, and brine geochemistry; geophysics and seismology; and hydrocarbon and ore deposit studies in IBUD.
Seismology chooses best student paper
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Stephen P. Grand received the Best Student Paper Award from the Seismology Section for his paper entitled “A Tomographic Inversion for Shear Velocity Beneath the North American Plate,” which was presented at the 1986 AGU Spring Meeting. Grand graduated from McGill University (Montreal, Canada) in 1978 and completed his Ph.D. at the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, this past spring, with Don Helmberger as his thesis advisor. He is continuing his work using tomographic techniques to investigate lateral variations in mantle velocity, and he is interested in relating these variations to physical processes such as subduction and convection. Grand recently joined the faculty of the Department of Geology at the University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign.
A conversation with Jim Dungey
Authors: Stern David
Published: October 2011

In a 1975 letter to me, Jim Dungey mentioned that the idea of the “open” magnetosphere came to him in a sidewalk cafe in Montparnasse, France, while preparing a lecture. When the AGU Committee for the History of Geophysics was established, I asked him to tell his story to AGU members, which he did (Eos, May 18, 1982, p. 412, abstract SM31‐1).

The Monday after the lecture, Jim visited Goddard Space Flight Center (Greenbelt, Md.). Because his brief talk seemed to leave many questions unanswered, I asked him if he would discuss some of them with me and record his answers on tape. Jim agreed, and what follows is a modified version of the transcript, edited by Jim and condensed for Eos. No comments are added, but some key references were traced.
Signs seen of debris layer under ice stream
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

A group of researchers from the University of Wisconsin (Madison) has found seismic evidence for “a weak, wet layer of debris” under a West Antarctic ice stream. The finding has led them to propose a new model to explain the movement of ice streams. Both the seismic studies and the model were presented by Charles R. Bentley on December 10, 1986, in papers at the AGU Fall Meeting/ASLO Winter Meeting in San Francisco, Calif.
Cajon Pass Project launched
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Deep Observation and Sampling of the Earth's Continental Crust, Inc. (DOSECC) recently began drilling a 5‐km hole near the San Andreas fault in California to try to learn why the surface heat flow measured there fails to correlate with that predicted by mathematical models of the fault. The scientific drilling project is the first major drilling activity to be conducted by DOSECC, a corporation formed by a consortium of universities.
Solar Flare Prediction
Authors: Tandberg‐Hanssen E. A.
Published: October 2011

Our understanding of solar flares is in many respects still rudimentary, but progress is being made—thanks, to a large extent, to both theoretical and observational efforts in conjunction with the Solar Maximum (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) and the Hinotori (Institute of Space and Astronautical Sciences, Tokyo) missions. In particular, we are starting to get a handle on what observable manifestations precede a flare, and we understand in part the theoretical reason for the behavior of the solar plasma before and during a flare. More theoretical work, however, is needed before we can explain the complex phenomena taking place in the solar plasma during a flare.
The Pacific Climate Workshops
Authors: Mooers Christopher N. K. , Peterson D. H. , Cayan Daniel R.
Published: October 2011

In 1984, a workshop was held on climate variability in the eastern North Pacific and western North America. From it has emerged an annual series of workshops held at the Asilomar Conference Center, Monterey Peninsula, Calif. The workshops have been largely sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The third workshop in the series was held March 25–28, 1986.
WOCE, interbasin exchanges, and marginal sea overflows
Authors: Toole John M.
Published: October 2011

One of the classical oceanographic problems that the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) will be able to address concerns the formation mechanisms of the oceans' dominant water masses and their subsequent spread thoughout the world's oceans. The formation sites for water mass end members are often mediterranean (or partly enclosed) seas where distinct water mass property characteristics are efficiently produced because of the relatively small volumes of these seas and because of their restricted communication with the ocean interior. The distributions of individual marginal sea water mass characteristics in ocean interiors have proven to be valuable diagnostics for the general circulation. Despite the variety of water mass formation sites on the globe, there exists a strong commonality in the world ocean water mass characteristics. The relative homogeneity is attributable to the active interchange of waters between the oceans. Such interbasin exchange may be thought of as the global adjustment of the oceans to differential thermohaline forcing.
ONR Ocean Wave Dynamics Workshop
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

In anticipation of the start (in Fiscal Year 1988) of a new Office of Naval Research (ONR) Accelerated Research Initiative (ARI) on Ocean Surface Wave Dynamics, a workshop was held August 5–7, 1986, at Woods Hole, Mass., to discuss new ideas and directions of research. This new ARI on Ocean Surface Wave Dynamics is a 5‐year effort that is organized by the ONR Physical Oceanography Program in cooperation with the ONR Fluid Mechanics Program and the Physical Oceanography Branch at the Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity (NORDA). The central theme is improvement of our understanding of the basic physics and dynamics of surface wave phenomena, with emphasis on the following areas:

precise air‐sea coupling mechanisms,

dynamics of nonlinear wave‐wave interaction under realistic environmental conditions,

wave breaking and dissipation of energy,

interaction between surface waves and upper ocean boundary layer dynamics, and

surface statistical and boundary layer coherent structures

.
1986 Fleming Medalist George Backus
Authors: Gough D. Ian , Backus George E.
Published: October 2011

George Backus has made important, original contributions to mathematical geophysics over the last 30 years. In his doctoral research, under S. Chandrasekhar, he extended Cowling's theorem to show that an axisymmetric magnetic field could not be sustained in a sphere of conducting fluid with time‐dependent axisymmetric flow. In 1957, Backus and A. Herzenberg independently demonstrated that Elsasser had been correct in suggesting that dynamo action in a fluid sphere was possible if the axisymmetry were broken. This result forms part of the foundation of geomagnetic dynamo theory and still depends on the mathematical demonstration due to Herzenberg and Backus, as experimental tests remain inconclusive.