bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Pearl River Declaration: a timely call for enhancing health security through fostering a regional one health collaboration in the Asia-Pacific
Authors: Alam Noore , Chu Cordia , Li Qianlin , Crook Allison , Whittaker Maxine , Aditama Tjandra , Schak Elena , Budiman Dicky , Barber Bonnie , Lu Jiahai
Published: September 2020

The Second International Symposium on One Health Research (ISOHR) was held in Guangzhou city, China on 23–24 November 2019. A transdisciplinary collaborative approach, One Health (OH), was the central theme of the symposium which brought together more than 260 experts, scholars and emerging researchers from human health, veterinary health, food safety, environmental health and related disciplines and sectors. More than 50 organizations including World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control (USA), and Queensland Government (Australia) participated in the symposium. Scholars, experts and emerging researchers, policy-makers and practitioners in their respective fields delivered over 50 presentations at the symposium, highlighting the collective vulnerability to some of the emerging health challenges the region was combating. These included emerging infectious diseases, antimicrobial resistance, climate change, food safety and the growing burden of non-communicable diseases. The Pearl River Declaration, emanated from the symposium, called for establishing a One Health Cooperation Network in the Southeast Asia–Pacific region with a vision to strengthen regional health security through sharing each other’s knowledge and experience, and making investments in workforce development, scientific innovations such as vaccine research and development, sharing epidemic intelligence, risk identification, risk communication and appropriate response measures against emerging health threats.
Folk classification of wild mushrooms from San Isidro Buensuceso, Tlaxcala, Central Mexico
Authors: Reyes-López Roberto Carlos , Montoya Adriana , Kong Alejandro , Cruz-Campuzano Ezequiel Alberto , Caballero-Nieto Javier
Published: September 2020

Background

An ethnomycological study was conducted to describe the fungus concept and the traditional fungus classification system for the Nahuas of San Isidro Buensuceso, in central Mexico. The study which provides information on the co-existence of various forms of classification, based on both cultural and biological characteristics.

Methods

The research included conducting community interviews and forest forays in the company of mushroom pickers. The triad technique, pile sorting, and fresh mushroom sampling methods were used. Traditional names were analyzed to describe the Nahua classification system for fungi.

Results and conclusion

The triad technique with non-utilitarian stimuli allowed the fungi to be identified as an independent group of plants and animals. The Nahua people of San Isidro classify fungi primarily based on their use, where they grow, and by humoral characteristics. The analysis of the names revealed a classification based on the criteria proposed by Brent Berlin. This study identified the detailed knowledge of fungi in this Nahua community. The criteria used for the recognition of the species are very reliable, since they use organoleptic, ecological, phenological, and morphological characteristics.
Factors associated with different forms of alcohol use behaviors among college students in Bhutan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dorji Tandin , Srichan Peeradone , Apidechkul Tawatchai , Sunsern Rachanee , Suttana Wipob
Published: September 2020

Background

Alcohol use has impacts on several dimensions of health, including physical health and mental health, particularly in college-age populations. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence and to determine factors associated with alcohol use behaviors among college students in Bhutan.

Methods

A cross-sectional design was applied to collect data from the participants. A simple random method was used to select the participants from the lists of students who were attending the four selected colleges in Bhutan in the academic year of 2019. A questionnaire was developed, and validity and reliability were verified before use. Descriptive statistics were applied to describe the general characteristics of participants, while logistic regression was used to detect the associations between variables at the significance level of α = 0.05.

Results

A total of 432 college students were recruited into the study, of whom 62.0% were females. The average age was 20.0 years, 40.7% were the third-year students, and 79.9% lived in college dormitories. The prevalence of current drinking was 51.6% and that of binge drinking was 19.4%. After controlling for all potential confounder factors, three variables were found to be associated with current drinking: students who had low income were more likely to be current drinkers than those who had high income (AOR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.29–5.21); students who did not use tobacco were more likely to be current drinkers than those students who used tobacco (AOR = 6.99, 95% CI = 2.90–16.81); and students who had close friends who did not use alcohol were more likely to be current drinkers than those who had close friends who used alcohol (AOR = 5.14, 95% CI = 3.04–8.69). Four factors were found to be associated with binge drinking after controlling for all possible confounder factors: students who had high income were more likely to be binge drinkers than those who had low income (AOR = 3.03, 95% CI = 1.72–5.31); students who used tobacco were more likely to be binge drinkers than those students who did not use tobacco (AOR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.35–3.87); students whose parents used alcohol were more likely to be binge drinkers than those students whose parents did not use alcohol (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.02–3.01); and students whose close friends used alcohol were more likely to be binge drinkers than those who had close friends who did not use alcohol (AOR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.05–4.87).

Conclusions

There is a high prevalence in alcohol use among the college students in Bhutan. Effective health promotion programs should be implemented by focusing on reducing the alcohol consumption among college students.
Proportional assist ventilation versus pressure support ventilation for weaning from mechanical ventilation in adults: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Ou-Yang Liang-Jun , Chen Po-Huang , Jhou Hong-Jie , Su Vincent Yi-Fong , Lee Cho-Hao
Published: September 2020

Background

Pressure support ventilation (PSV) is the prevalent weaning method. Proportional assist ventilation (PAV) is an assisted ventilation mode, which is recently being applied to wean the patients from mechanical ventilation. Whether PAV or PSV is superior for weaning remains unclear.

Methods

Eligible randomized controlled trials published before April 2020 were retrieved from databases. We calculated the risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Seven articles, involving 634 patients, met the selection criteria. Compared to PSV, PAV was associated with a significantly higher rate of weaning success (fixed-effect RR 1.16; 95% CI 1.07–1.26; I2 = 0.0%; trial sequential analysis-adjusted CI 1.03–1.30), and the trial sequential monitoring boundary for benefit was crossed. Compared to PSV, PAV was associated with a lower proportion of patients requiring reintubation (RR 0.49; 95% CI 0.28–0.87; I2 = 0%), a shorter ICU length of stay (MD − 1.58 (days), 95% CI − 2.68 to − 0.47; I2 = 0%), and a shorter mechanical ventilation duration (MD − 40.26 (hours); 95% CI − 66.67 to − 13.84; I2 = 0%). There was no significant difference between PAV and PSV with regard to mortality (RR 0.66; 95% CI 0.42–1.06; I2 = 0%) or weaning duration (MD − 0.01 (hours); 95% CI − 1.30–1.28; I2 = 0%).

Conclusion

The results of the meta-analysis suggest that PAV is superior to PSV in terms of weaning success, and the statistical power is confirmed using trial sequential analysis.

Graphical abstract
An online-based intervention to promote healthy eating through self-regulation among children: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Magalhães Paula , Silva Cátia , Pereira Beatriz , Figueiredo Gabriela , Guimarães Ana , Pereira Armanda , Rosário Pedro
Published: September 2020

Background

Despite the enormous investment governments allocate to fight obesity, its worldwide prevalence is still on the rise. Moreover, the majority of the programs implemented are still targeting adults struggling with overweightness and focusing on transmitting knowledge about food. However, research shows that obesity prevention is more efficacious and cheaper, and beliefs about healthy eating have a stronger influence on eating behavior than declarative knowledge about food. In fact, knowledge about healthy eating only influences weight status when combined with self-regulation competences. Thus, the main goal of the current project is to develop and evaluate the efficacy of an online preventive intervention program, the HEP-S. This program is designed to promote and develop a set of transversal skills and strategies, related to self-regulation, on the healthy eating domain among school-aged children.

Methods

A three-armed randomized controlled trial will be conducted in several schools in Portugal. It will include a standard control group, with no intervention; an online intervention group, with the program for 20 weeks; and an enhanced online intervention group, with the program for 20 weeks embedded with gamification strategies throughout the program. Per research group, 40 groups of about 15 children each will be recruited and measured at five different time points. The three research groups will complete the same assessment protocol at the same timings (baseline, post-intervention, and 3, 6, and 9 months’ follow-ups). The assessment protocol will include anthropometric and psychological measures. The primary outcome measures will be the development of self-regulation skills for healthy eating over time, the development of self-efficacy attitudes, knowledge about healthy eating over time, and others. The secondary outcome measures will include the effect of gamification strategies, engagement, and satisfaction with the program, among others. The program will comprise the following: (i) a weekly group synchronous videoconference session with a trained educational psychologist serving as a mediator and (ii) a weekly parental involvement activity. Narratives, or story-tools, embedded with self-regulation strategies are at the core of the intervention.

Discussion

The program may play an important role in preventing risky and unhealthy eating behaviors by focusing on the development of self-regulation skills and strategies among elementary school children.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04099498. Registered on 23 September 2019.
TAG pathway engineering via GPAT2 concurrently potentiates abiotic stress tolerance and oleaginicity in Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Wang Xiang , Liu Si-Fen , Li Ruo-Yu , Yang Wei-Dong , Liu Jie-Sheng , Lin Carol Sze Ki , Balamurugan Srinivasan , Li Hong-Ye
Published: September 2020

Background

Despite the great potential of marine diatoms in biofuel sector, commercially viable biofuel production from native diatom strain is impractical. Targeted engineering of TAG pathway represents a promising approach; however, recruitment of potential candidate has been regarded as critical. Here, we identified a glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2 (GPAT2) isoform and overexpressed in Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

Results

GPAT2 overexpression did not impair growth and photosynthesis. GPAT2 overexpression reduced carbohydrates and protein content, however, lipid content were significantly increased. Specifically, TAG content was notably increased by 2.9-fold than phospho- and glyco-lipids. GPAT2 overexpression elicited the push-and-pull strategy by increasing the abundance of substrates for the subsequent metabolic enzymes, thereby increased the expression of LPAAT and DGAT. Besides, GPAT2-mediated lipid overproduction coordinated the expression of NADPH biosynthetic genes. GPAT2 altered the fatty acid profile in TAGs with C16:0 as the predominant fatty acid moieties. We further investigated the impact of GPAT2 on conferring abiotic stress, which exhibited enhanced tolerance to hyposaline (70%) and chilling (10 ºC) conditions via altered fatty acid saturation level.

Conclusions

Collectively, our results exemplified the critical role of GPAT2 in hyperaccumulating TAGs with altered fatty acid profile, which in turn uphold resistance to abiotic stress conditions.
Association between growth differentiation factor 5 rs143383 genetic polymorphism and the risk of knee osteoarthritis among Caucasian but not Asian: a meta-analysis
Authors: Peng Lei , Jin Song , Lu Jiping , Ouyang Chao , Guo Jiang , Xie Zhongyu , Shen Huiyong , Wang Peng
Published: September 2020

Background

A few months ago, the Bioscience Reports journal showed that growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) rs143383 genetic polymorphism increases the susceptibility of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), but previous studies’ results have debates about available data. Considering the availability of more recent data, we focus on clarifying the relationship of KOA and GDF5 rs143383 genetic polymorphism by a meta-analysis of case-control trial data.

Methods

The eligible studies from the time of database established to Oct. 2019 were collected from PubMed, Springer, Cochrane library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan Fang library. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate the association between these polymorphisms and KOA risk. The meta-analysis was completed by STATA 18.0 software.

Results

A total of 196 studies were collected, 16 of them included in final meta-analysis (7997 cases and 12,684 controls). There was significant association between GDF5 rs143383 polymorphism and KOA in all genetic models (for Allele model (C versus T): OR = 0.84 (95% CI = 0.76–0.91); dominate model (CC+CT versus TT): OR = 0.80 (95% CI = 0.72–0.90); recessive model (CC versus CT+TT): OR = 0.79 (95% CI = 0.68–0.92); heterozygote model (CT versus CC+TT): OR = 0.89 (95% CI = 0.80–0.97); homozygous model (CC versus TT): OR = 0.71 (95% CI = 0.60–0.85)). In the subgroup analysis, we obtained the results that there is no significance among Asians.

Conclusion

GDF5 rs143383 genetic polymorphism increases the risk of KOA among Caucasians; CC genotype and C allele are protective factors for the susceptibility of KOA among Caucasians.
Anterior chest wall in SAPHO syndrome: magnetic resonance imaging findings
Authors: Yu Meiyan , Cao Yihan , Li Junqiu , Zhang Yanan , Ye Yuqian , Wang Lun , Huang Ziwei , Lu Xinyu , Li Chen , Huo Jianwei
Published: September 2020

Background

The anterior chest wall (ACW) involvement is characteristic of synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome, yet little research has focused on its magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.

Purpose

To characterize the MRI features of the ACW in patients with SAPHO syndrome.

Methods

Seventy-one patients with SAPHO syndrome and ACW involvement evidenced by bone scintigraphy were recruited in this cross-sectional study. The ACW region was scanned using sagittal, axial, and oblique coronal Dixon T2-weighted sequences and axial Dixon T1-weighted sequences. The characteristics of both active inflammatory and chronic structural lesions were evaluated.

Results

The ACW lesions exhibited an asymmetrical distribution and a predilection for the sternocostoclavicular region (93.0%). Notably, 91.5% of the patients had lesions in the area of the anterior first ribs. Bone marrow edema (BME) was observed in 63 (88.7%) patients, which mainly affected the sternocostal joints (87.3%) and the manubrium sterni (84.5%). All of the BMEs were distributed under the articular surface or the bone cortex, consistent with the distribution of the ligaments and joint capsules. Synovitis was detected in 64 (90.1%) patients, with a predilection for the sternoclavicular joints (76.1%). A soft tissue mass or infiltration was found in all the patients who had bone marrow edema. Thirteen (18.3%) patients showed venous stenosis. Structural changes included bone bridge formation (80.3%), hyperostosis (43.7%), and fat infiltration (39.4%). Four common patterns of involvement were observed: the first rib area, the sternoclavicular area, the sternal angle area, and the areas of the second to sixth sternocostal joints.

Conclusion

The ACW lesions of SAPHO syndrome demonstrated a triad of enthesitis, synovitis, and osteitis, suggesting complex interactions among the ligaments, synovium, and bones in the region. The inflammatory changes in the first rib area were highlighted in SAPHO syndrome.
Loss-of-function maternal-effect mutations of PADI6 are associated with familial and sporadic Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome with multi-locus imprinting disturbance
Authors: Cubellis Maria Vittoria , Pignata Laura , Verma Ankit , Sparago Angela , Del Prete Rosita , Monticelli Maria , Calzari Luciano , Antona Vincenzo , Melis Daniela , Tenconi Romano , Russo Silvia , Cerrato Flavia , Riccio Andrea
Published: September 2020

Background

PADI6 is a component of the subcortical maternal complex, a group of proteins that is abundantly expressed in the oocyte cytoplasm, but is required for the correct development of early embryo. Maternal-effect variants of the subcortical maternal complex proteins are associated with heterogeneous diseases, including female infertility, hydatidiform mole, and imprinting disorders with multi-locus imprinting disturbance. While the involvement ofPADI6in infertility is well demonstrated, its role in imprinting disorders is less well established.

Results

We have identified by whole-exome sequencing analysis four cases of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome with multi-locus imprinting disturbance whose mothers are carriers ofPADI6variants. In silico analysis indicates that these variants result in loss of function, and segregation analysis suggests they act as either recessive or dominant-negative maternal-effect mutations. Genome-wide methylation analysis revealed heterogeneous and extensively altered methylation profiles of imprinted loci in the patients, including two affected sisters, but not in their healthy siblings.

Conclusion

Our results firmly establish the role ofPADI6in imprinting disorders. We report loss-of-function maternal-effect variants ofPADI6that are associated with heterogeneous multi-locus imprinting disturbances in the progeny. The rare finding of two siblings affected by Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome suggests that in some cases, familial recurrence risk of these variants may be high. However, the heterogeneous phenotypes of the other pedigrees suggest that altered oocytePADI6function results in stochastic maintenance of methylation imprinting with unpredictable consequences on early embryo health.
A study on dynamic aspects variability in the SOLAR educational software ecosystem
Authors: F. Coutinho Emanuel , I. M. Bezerra Carla
Published: September 2020

A Software Ecosystem (SECO) refers to a collection of software products with some degree of symbiotic relationship. SOLAR is a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) that enables the publication of courses and interaction with them among its various users. In this context, SOLAR SECO emerges, where diverse situations of software evolution and maintenance are part of its development process. The aim of this paper is to discuss the dynamic variability of SOLAR educational software ecosystem and software modeling. As an example, dynamic variability aspects of the feature model of SOLAR VLE discussion forum functionality were discussed, one of the most widely used services within SOLAR SECO. As a major conclusion of this work, we identified that the use of the contextual feature diagram allows the study of the dynamic aspects of a system, even more supported by tools to support automatic measurement collection.
Re-calculating the cost of coccidiosis in chickens
Authors: Blake Damer P. , Knox Jolene , Dehaeck Ben , Huntington Ben , Rathinam Thilak , Ravipati Venu , Ayoade Simeon , Gilbert Will , Adebambo Ayotunde O. , Jatau Isa Danladi , Raman Muthusamy , Parker Daniel , Rushton Jonathan , Tomley Fiona M.
Published: September 2020

Coccidiosis, caused by Eimeria species parasites, has long been recognised as an economically significant disease of chickens. As the global chicken population continues to grow, and its contribution to food security intensifies, it is increasingly important to assess the impact of diseases that compromise chicken productivity and welfare. In 1999, Williams published one of the most comprehensive estimates for the cost of coccidiosis in chickens, featuring a compartmentalised model for the costs of prophylaxis, treatment and losses, indicating a total cost in excess of £38 million in the United Kingdom (UK) in 1995. In the 25 years since this analysis the global chicken population has doubled and systems of chicken meat and egg production have advanced through improved nutrition, husbandry and selective breeding of chickens, and wider use of anticoccidial vaccines. Using data from industry representatives including veterinarians, farmers, production and health experts, we have updated the Williams model and estimate that coccidiosis in chickens cost the UK £99.2 million in 2016 (range £73.0–£125.5 million). Applying the model to data from Brazil, Egypt, Guatemala, India, New Zealand, Nigeria and the United States resulted in estimates that, when extrapolated by geographical region, indicate a global cost of ~ £10.4 billion at 2016 prices (£7.7–£13.0 billion), equivalent to £0.16/chicken produced. Understanding the economic costs of livestock diseases can be advantageous, providing baselines to evaluate the impact of different husbandry systems and interventions. The updated cost of coccidiosis in chickens will inform debates on the value of chemoprophylaxis and development of novel anticoccidial vaccines.
Expert consensus-based clinical practice guidelines management of intravascular catheters in the intensive care unit
Authors: Timsit Jean-François , Baleine Julien , Bernard Louis , Calvino-Gunther Silvia , Darmon Michael , Dellamonica Jean , Desruennes Eric , Leone Marc , Lepape Alain , Leroy Olivier , Lucet Jean-Christophe , Merchaoui Zied , Mimoz Olivier , Misset Benoit , Parienti Jean-Jacques , Quenot Jean-Pierre , Roch Antoine , Schmidt Matthieu , Slama Michel , Souweine Bertrand , Zahar Jean-Ralph , Zingg Walter , Bodet-Contentin Laetitia , Maxime Virginie
Published: September 2020

The French Society of Intensive Care Medicine (SRLF), jointly with the French-Speaking Group of Paediatric Emergency Rooms and Intensive Care Units (GFRUP) and the French-Speaking Association of Paediatric Surgical Intensivists (ADARPEF), worked out guidelines for the management of central venous catheters (CVC), arterial catheters and dialysis catheters in intensive care unit. For adult patients: Using GRADE methodology, 36 recommendations for an improved catheter management were produced by the 22 experts. Recommendations regarding catheter-related infections’ prevention included the preferential use of subclavian central vein (GRADE 1), a one-step skin disinfection(GRADE 1) using 2% chlorhexidine (CHG)-alcohol (GRADE 1), and the implementation of a quality of care improvement program. Antiseptic- or antibiotic-impregnated CVC should likely not be used (GRADE 2, for children and adults). Catheter dressings should likely not be changed before the 7th day, except when the dressing gets detached, soiled or impregnated with blood (GRADE 2− adults). CHG dressings should likely be used (GRADE 2+). For adults and children, ultrasound guidance should be used to reduce mechanical complications in case of internal jugular access (GRADE 1), subclavian access (Grade 2) and femoral venous, arterial radial and femoral access (Expert opinion). For children, an ultrasound-guided supraclavicular approach of the brachiocephalic vein was recommended to reduce the number of attempts for cannulation and mechanical complications. Based on scarce publications on diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and on their experience (expert opinion), the panel proposed definitions, and therapeutic strategies.
SEIR epidemic model for COVID-19 transmission by Caputo derivative of fractional order
Authors: Rezapour Shahram , Mohammadi Hakimeh , Samei Mohammad Esmael
Published: September 2020

We provide a SEIR epidemic model for the spread of COVID-19 using the Caputo fractional derivative. The feasibility region of the system and equilibrium points are calculated and the stability of the equilibrium points is investigated. We prove the existence of a unique solution for the model by using fixed point theory. Using the fractional Euler method, we get an approximate solution to the model. To predict the transmission of COVID-19 in Iran and in the world, we provide a numerical simulation based on real data.
Long non-coding RNA MIR4300HG polymorphisms are associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting: a genome-wide association study
Authors: Sugino Shigekazu , Konno Daisuke , Kawai Yosuke , Nagasaki Masao , Endo Yasuhiro , Hayase Tomo , Yamazaki-Higuchi Misako , Kumeta Yukihiro , Tachibana Shunsuke , Saito Katsuhiko , Suzuki Jun , Kido Kanta , Kurosawa Nahoko , Namiki Akiyoshi , Yamauchi Masanori
Published: September 2020

Background

Genetic factors such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) play a key role in the development of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). However, previous findings are not widely applicable to different populations because of population-specific genetic variation. We developed a Japanese-specific DNA microarray for high-throughput genotyping. The aim of the current study was to identify SNPs associated with PONV on a genome-wide scale using this microarray in a sample of Japanese surgical patients.

Methods

Associations between 659,636 SNPs and the incidence of PONV 24 h after surgery in a limited sample of 24 female patients were assessed using the microarray. After imputation of genotypes at 24,330,529 SNPs, 78 SNPs were found to be associated with the incidence of PONV. We chose 4 of the 78 SNPs to focus on by in silico functional annotation. Finally, we genotyped these 4 candidate SNPs in 255 patients using real-time PCR to verify association with the incidence of PONV.

Results

The T > C variant of rs11232965 in the long non-coding RNA MIR4300HG was significantly associated with reduced incidence of PONV among genotypes and between alleles (p = 0.01 and 0.007).

Conclusions

We identified a novel SNP (rs11232965) in the long non-coding RNA MIR4300HG that is associated with PONV. The rs11232965-SNP variant (T > C) is protective against the incidence of PONV.

Trial registration

This study was registered at the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (Identifier: UMIN000022903, date of registration: June 27, 2016, retrospectively registered.
Incidence and predictors of loss to follow-up among HIV-positive adults in northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Birhanu Molla Yigzaw , Leshargie Cheru Tesema , Alebel Animut , Wagnew Fasil , Siferih Melkamu , Gebre Tsige , Kibret Getiye Dejenu
Published: September 2020

Background

Despite the rapid expansion of antiretroviral therapy services, ‘loss to follow-up’ is a significant public health concern globally. Loss to follow-up of individuals from ART has a countless negative impact on the treatment outcomes. There is, however, limited information about the incidence and predictors of loss to follow-up in our study area. Thus, this study aimed to determine the incidence rate and predictors of loss to follow-up among adult HIV patients on ART.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was undertaken using 484 HIV patients between January 30, 2008, and January 26, 2018, at Debre Markos Referral Hospital. All eligible HIV patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Data were entered into Epi-data Version 4.2 and analyzed using STATATM Version 14.0 software. The Nelson-Aalen cumulative hazard estimator was used to estimate the hazard rate of loss to follow-up, and the log-rank test was used to compare the survival curve between different categorical variables. Both bivariable and multivariable Cox-proportional hazard regression models were fitted to identify predictors of LTFU.

Results

Among a cohort of 484 HIV patients at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, 84 (17.36%) were loss their ART follow-up. The overall incidence rate of loss to follow-up was 3.7 (95% CI 3.0, 5.0) per 100 adult-years. The total LTFU free time of the participants was 2294.8 person-years. In multivariable Cox-regression analysis, WHO stage IV (AHR 2.8; 95% CI 1.2, 6.2), having no cell phone (AHR 1.9; 95% CI 1.1, 3.4), and rural residence (AHR 0.6; 95% CI 0.37, 0.99) were significant predictors of loss to follow-up.

Conclusion

The incidence of loss to ART follow-up in this study was low. Having no cell phone and WHO clinical stage IV were causative predictors, and rural residence was the only protective factor of loss to follow-up. Therefore, available intervention modalities should be strengthened to mitigate loss to follow-up by addressing the identified risk factors.
Immunopathogenesis of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Achkasov Evgeniy , Vinnik Yuriy , Dunaevskaya Svetlana
Published: September 2020

The monograph devoted to the study of the role of the immune system in the development and progression of acute pancreatitis consistently covers the issues of etiology, classification, diagnosis and modern treatment principles. Special attention is paid to the issues of non-specific immune protection, indicators of immune status, types of generation of reactive oxygen species in macrophage-granulocyte cells depending on the severity of acute pancreatitis. The section for assessing the structural and functional state of lymphocytes in the development of acute pancreatitis by evaluating the blebbing of the plasma membrane of the cell is presented.
It is intended for General surgeons, anesthesiologists, resuscitators, residents who are trained in the specialty "Surgery". It can be useful for doctors of other specialties and senior students of higher medical schools.
Solutions to problems in theoretical mechanics
Authors: Kirsanov Mihail
Published: September 2020

Solutions to more than 100 problems in statics, kinematics and dynamics are presented. Recommendations are given for using the Maple computer mathematics system and 50 problems with answers for self-solution.
The textbook can be used for both full-time and distance learning.
For students and teachers of universities and technical universities.
Indoor physical activities, eating and sleeping habits among school adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Brito Lilian Messias Sampaio , Boguszewski Margaret C. da Silva , Souza Mariana T. Rosa de , Martins Fernando , Mota Jorge , Leite Neiva
Published: September 2020

O isolamento social é estratégia para evitar o contágio e transmissão do coronavírus. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as atividades físicas (AF) realizadas em ambientes fechados e hábitos de saúde entre adolescentes durante o isolamento social devido à pandemia de COVID-19 (COVID-19). Estudo transversal com 342 adolescentes, de 12 a 17 anos de idade, estudantes de escola pública e participantes de atividades esportivas escolares. Um questionário on-line foi enviado para os estudantes com 18 perguntas sobre hábitos alimentares, sono, comportamentos de proteção ao COVID-19 e AF. A idade média dos estudantes foi de 15 ± 1,36 anos, 41,5% vivem com três pessoas, 77,5% moram em casas, 95% responderam que estão tomando as medidas de proteção recomendadas. Dois terços dos familiares trabalham fora de casa sendo que 65,2% deles em exposição direta ao COVID-19 (serviços essenciais). Mais da metade (53,2%) dos adolescentes fazem até três refeições por dia e 80% cumprem as horas de descanso recomendadas por noite. A maior parte do dia é usada em redes sociais e penas 27% atenderam às recomendações para AF e 29,8% relataram ganho de peso. Entre os adolescentes que relataram ganho de peso, 54,9% relataram fazer exercícios às vezes e 27,4% não fazem nenhum exercício (p < 0,001). Concluímos que, apesar das recomendações, houve redução nas AF diárias e aumento no tempo de tela entre adolescentes durante o período de isolamento social. Faz-se necessária reavaliação das maneiras de incentivar os adolescentes a manter a AF em ambientes fechados e hábitos de saúde mais saudáveis.
When Ignorance Is Not Bliss: An Empirical Analysis of Subtier Supply Network Structure on Firm Risk
Authors: Wang Yixin (Iris) , Li Jun , Wu Di (Andrew) , Anupindi Ravi
Published: September 2020

Using a multitier mapping of supply-chain relationships constructed from granular global, firm-to-firm supplier–customer linkages data, we quantify the degree of financial risk propagation from the supply network beyond firms’ direct supply-chain connections and isolate structural network properties serving as significant moderators of risk propagation. We first document a baseline fact: a significant proportion of tier-2 suppliers are shared by tier-1 suppliers. We then construct two simple metrics to capture the degree of tier-2 sharing and disentangle its effect from tier-2 suppliers’ own risks. We show that the focal firms’ risk levels are significantly related to the proportion of shared tier-2 suppliers in their supply network, and the effect becomes monotonically stronger as their tier-2 suppliers become more highly shared. Finally, we uncover causal relationships behind these associations using a new source of exogenous, idiosyncratic risk events in an event study setting. We show that, as tier-2 suppliers are impacted by these events, focal firms experience negative abnormal returns, the magnitude of which is significantly larger when the impacted tier-2 suppliers are more heavily shared. Overall, our study uncovers the subtier network structure as an important risk source for the focal firm, with the degree of tier-2 sharing as the main moderator. Our results also provide the microfoundation for a common structure in idiosyncratic risks and suggest the importance of incorporating the effect of subtier supply network structure in the portfolio-optimization process.

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
NHS procurement and the origins of the personal protective equipment crisis
Authors: Boiko Olga , Allen Pauline , Osipovic Dorota , Sanderson Marie , Checkland Katherine
Published: September 2020

COVID-19 has thrown NHS procurement into the limelight, but the shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) has complex origins. This article explores the long-lasting struggle for centralisation in NHS procurement and its impact on the current PPE crisis.
Use of bromelain in cutaneous wound healing in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats: an experimental model
Authors: Fathi Amene Nikgoftar , Sakhaie Mohammad Hassan , Babaei Sepehr , Babaei Soroush , Slimabad Fateme , Babaei Saeid
Published: September 2020

Objective:

To assess the effect of bromelain on different aspects of the wound healing process in type 1 diabetic rats.

Method:

In this study, 112 streptozocin-diabetic (type 1) male Wistar rats were euthanised; 28 each on days three, five, seven and 15, after a wound incision had been made. To estimate changes in a number of different cellular and tissue elements, histological sections were provided from all wound areas and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Some 1.056mm2of total wound area from all specimens were evaluated, by assessment of 4200 microscope photos provided from all histological sections, by stereological methods. A biomechanical test of each wound area was performed with an extensometer to evaluate the work-up to maximum force and maximum stress of the healed wound on day 15.

Results:

In the experimental groups, bromleain caused significant wound contraction and reduced granulation tissue formation by day 7 (p=0.003); increased neovasculars (new small vessels that appear in the wound area during wound healing) on days three, five and seven (p=0.001); significantly increased fibroblasts on day five but decreased by day seven (p=0.002); and significantly decreased macrophage numbers and epithelium thickness on all days of study (p=0.005). Wound strength significantly increased in experimental groups by day 15.

Conclusion:

Bromelain has a wide range of therapeutic benefits, but in most studies the mode of its action is not properly understood. It has been proved that bromelain has no major side effects, even after prolonged use. According to the results of this study, bromelain can be used as an effective health supplement to promote and accelerate wound healing indices, reduce inflammation and improve biomechanical parameters in diabetic wounds.
Mobile Multimedia-based Batakologi Learning Model Development
Authors: Siregar Nurliani , Sutopo Hadi , Paat Meike
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop a mobile multimedia-based Batakologi learning model as the tradition of the Batak culture and lead computer based innovative module products for Junior High School students. The application development method consists of seven phases, namely (1) Research and Preliminary Information Collecting; (2) Planning; (3) Developing Preliminary Product; (4) Preliminary Field Testing; (5) Preliminary Product Revision; (6) Main Field Testing; (7) Operational Product Revision. Data were collected in the research and development using qualitative descriptive analysis of the implementation and results of the design development of the model. Product of this research was the computer based Batakologi learning modules that could be accessed using mobile devices. The findings of the research shows improving student learning atmosphere and it was more fun and independent in learning about Batak culture.
Applying HF and VHF/UHF Partial Discharge Detection for Distribution Transformer
Authors: Maneerot Sakda , Kando Masaaki , Pattanadech Norasage
Published: September 2020

This paper represents application of high frequency (HF) and very high frequency/ultrahigh frequency (VHF/UHF) partial discharge (PD) detection for a distribution transformer. A capacitive sensor is used to detect the HF electric field caused by charge transfer inside oil–paper insulation due to PD at the defect site, and an electromagnetic sensor or antenna is used for detecting electromagnetic PD transients in the air outside the investigated transformer in the near-field region. Three types of artificial PD sources in air and insulating liquid, which are corona discharge, surface discharge and air void discharge in pressboard, were investigated. Three identical distribution transformers were rated at 22 kV, 400 V and 50 kVA, and were designed and constructed. The first transformer was filled with mineral oil, the second was filled with natural ester and the third was filled with palm oil. The PD generated by the air-filled voids in the insulating papers and pressboards of these transformers with five different conditions were investigated, i.e., non-impregnated paper, impregnated paper for 3 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours and 12 hours. The impregnation process was done with 65°C liquid temperature, and the pressure in the oven was around 5 mbar. From the experimental results, it can be concluded that the electromagnetic PD transients radiated from the corona discharge of both high-voltage (HV) and low-voltage sides in the air are in the VHF range, and surface discharge frequency is extended up to the UHF range. For the PD in the insulating liquid, the phase resolved PD (PRPD) pattern in the HF range is a valuable tool to characterize the PD sources. The PD in an air-filled void inside the insulating paper of the mineral oil transformer is obviously different compared with those of the natural ester transformer and the palm oil transformer. For the manufacturing of distribution transformers in this research, it is found that after the paper insulation is dried out, the impregnation process for a period of 9 hours is suitable for improving the oil–paper insulation with an acceptable PD level. This paper is the cross-field application by applying the antenna and communication theory for detecting the discharge problems in HV equipment.
Hybrid Facial Features with Application in Person Identification
Authors: Purahong Boonchana , Chutchavong Vanvisa , Aoyama Hisayuki , Pintavirooj Chuchart
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the hybrid facial feature with identification and verification based on facial images. A query facial image had been taken under different conditions of the facial image of the same person (as the query). The query facial image database was constructed. We have used the technique of three-dimensional (3D) Dlib facial landmarks using a direct linear transform technique. A set of absolute affine invariance had been constructed from a series of the 3D landmark quadruplets, which make the facial identification robust to affine geometric transformation. These 3D facial features serve as a coarse feature depending on each individual facial structure. The construct of the 2D detail features represents the edge facial image confined between the 2D Dlib landmarks. The similarity of the 2D feature is achieved by aligning the 2D query edge image against that of the reference edge image. The geometric transformation matrix is estimated from the 2D Dlib landmarks, where correspondence is well established. An identification/verification cost function using a combination of local 2D facial features and global 3D facial features is utilized to verify and identify a query facial image against a candidate facial image(s). The performance of the algorithm yielding an area of 99.97% perfect classification is represented as a value under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
A Prototype Similarity-based System for Remaining Useful Life Estimation for Future Industry by Singular Spectrum Analysis-Long Short Term Memory Neural Networks Algorithm
Authors: Intachai Prakit , Yuvapoositanon Peerapol
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we propose a prototype similarity-based approach of estimating the remaining useful life (RUL) of turbofan engine data using the singular spectrum analysis and the long-short term memory (SSA-LSTM) neural networks algorithm. The algorithm consists of two steps. First, the optimal window length of the trajectory matrix of the dataset is empirically determined from a prototype dataset. Second, the estimation of the RUL of the target datasets is performed using the window length parameter obtained from the first step. The validity of the proposed algorithm is verified by testing with 200 turbofan engine datasets. The results are shown to have a significant improvement in the performance of the RUL estimation over the existing LSTM algorithm.
MODELS FOR ANALYZING OVER-DISPERSED HURDLE NEGATIVE BINOMIAL REGRESSION MODEL: AN APPLICATION TO MANUFACTURED CIGARETTE USE
Authors: Rudra Sujan , Biswas Soma Chowdhury
Published: September 2020

Our main aim is to identify the factors that influence the use of manufactured cigarettes among tobacco users especially those whose age is above fifteen. Among the tobacco users, a large portion of adult does not take manufactured cigarettes but take other tobacco. As a result, we need to construct a model that can handle the existence of excess zero counts and the over-dispersed phenomenon. Motivated by these facts, in this paper, we propose to apply the Hurdle Negative Binomial (HNB) regression model to discover the relationships between uses of manufactured cigarettes and social factors. The data were found to have excess zeros (35%); moreover, the variance is 47.122, which is much higher than its mean 5.933. With excess zeros and high variability of non-zero outcomes, the HNB model was found to be better fitted.
On-chip fluorescence sensing for fluidics platforms using thin film silicon photodetectors
Authors: Dighe Aditi , Jokerst Nan
Published: September 2020

The integration of fluorescence sensing directly into the fluidic channel in lab-on-a chip systems using thin film Si detectors enables on-chip multi-target medical diagnostics and biochemical analyses. This paper reports on the experimental demonstration and theoretical analysis of a filter-free thin film fluorescence sensor designed for integration into the channel of a fluidic platform. Static tests of this optical sensor show repeatable detection of 6-Hex fluorophore concentrations from 300 nM to 20 µM, with an average signal-to-noise ratio of 26 dB-50 dB, which agrees well with the theoretical model.
Parallel Incoherent Wideband Complex Chaos Generation Using Semiconductor Lasers
Authors: Jiang Ning , Zhao Anke , Liu Shiqing , Zhang Yiqun , Peng Jiafa , Qiu Kun
Published: September 2020

We propose a parallel chaos generation by applying self-phase-modulation CW injection to external-cavity laser and phase-to-intensity conversion to CW light, and experimentally demonstrate simultaneous generation of two incoherent chaotic signals with wideband-flat-spectra and excellent complexity.
Topological charge of finite-size photonic crystal lasing modes
Authors: Wang Zhixin , Liang Yong , Beck Mattias , Scalari Giacomo , Faist Jerome
Published: September 2020

We analyze the topological charge of photonic crystal modes that have polarization properties dictated by their non-trivial envelopes, and demonstrate experimentally their lasing operation in electrically pumped mid-infrared photonic crystal lasers with high slope efficiency.
Elusive Coherence of Metal-Semiconductor Nanolasers
Authors: Vyshnevyy Andrey A. , Fedyanin Dmitry Yu.
Published: September 2020

We revise the definition of the lasing threshold of metal-semiconductor nanolasers using a clear coherence definition and present an expression for the threshold current that can be applied to most thresholdless and non-thresholdless nanolasers.
All-fiber-photonic sub-10"14-level comb-line stabilization
Authors: Kwon Dohyeon , Jeon Igju , Lee Won-Kyu , Heo Myoung-Sun , Kim Jungwon
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate a fiber delay line-based direct comb-line stabilization with 6X10-15 frequency instability within 1 s. Two combs could be simultaneously stabilized to a single fiber delay-line with ~1-Hz relative linewidth and ~20-Hz absolute linewidth.
III-V-on-silicon mode-locked lasers with 1-GHz line spacing for dual-comb spectroscopy
Authors: Van Gasse K. , Huh J. , Chen Z. , Poelman S. , Wang Z. , Roelkens G. , Hansch T.W. , Kuyken B. , Picque N.
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate dual-comb interferometry and spectroscopy with a III-V-on-silicon passively mode-locked laser of 1-GHz repetition rate and 1-THz span. We heterodyne the on-chip device with an electro-optic modulator comb for initial assessment.
Frequency Comb Offset Stabilization via Integrated Lithium Niobate f-2f Interferometer
Authors: Okawachi Yoshitomo , Yu Mengjie , Desiatov Boris , Kim Bok Young , Loncar Marko , Gaeta Alexander L.
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate carrier-envelope offset frequency (/Ceo) stabilization of a modelocked laser using an integrated, dispersion engineered lithium niobate f-2f interferometer via simultaneous supercontinuum and second-harmonic generation with only 107 pJ pulse energy.
High-power OPCPAs at 1.45 - 2.4 pm and up to 100 W power scalability
Authors: Buss Jan-Heye , Grguras Ivanka , Golz Torsten , Prandolini Mark , Schulz Michael , Riedel Robert
Published: September 2020

A high-power optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier (OPCPA) at 1.45 - 2.40 pm wavelength, pumped by Yb-based solid-state lasers with average power scalability up to 100 W and pulse durations in the few-cycle regime is presented.
Projecting a Wide Surface-Normal Gaussian Beam from an Apodised Grating Supporting Spatially-Broad Standing Wave Resonances
Authors: Yulaev Alexander , Westly Daron A. , Aksyuk Vladimir
Published: September 2020

We present an apodised grating converter capable to couple a waveguide single-mode to a surface-normal collimated Gaussian beam in free space. Mode conversion proceeds via coupling to a spatially-broad standing-wave resonance supported inside the grating.