bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tripartite Evolutionary Game and Policy Simulation: Strategic Governance in the Redevelopment of the Urban Village in Guangzhou
Authors: Yuan Dinghuan , Li Jiaxin , Li Qiuxiang , Fu Yang
Published: November 2024

The scarcity of land drives urban village redevelopment projects, which involve interest redistribution among stakeholders with distinct demands. This paper utilizes evolutionary game theory and simulation methods, constructing a tripartite game model under the institutional arrangement of bottom-up with private developer funding. This study identifies the stable strategies and evolutionary trends of the tripartite interactions under four distinct scenarios and validates these strategies through simulations. The redevelopment of XC village validates the assumptions of the model and theoretical analysis, suggesting that when private developers adopt forced demolition strategies, although villagers ultimately choose to sign the contract of property exchange, it can easily lead to social conflicts. These research findings can enlighten the government to form a tripartite alliance to smooth urban village redevelopment.
Application of the Analytic Network Process for Sub-Watershed Prioritization in the Huehuetan River Basin, Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: López-Pérez Adolfo , Colín-García Gerardo , Moya Héctor , Bolaños-González Martín Alejandro , Fernández-Reynoso Demetrio Salvador , Cruz-Ramírez Angel Saul
Published: November 2024

Sub-watershed prioritization is essential for developing watershed management plans that maximize impact with minimal resources. This study used a multicriteria decision-making approach to rank sub-watersheds by degradation status in the Huehuetan River Basin, Chiapas, Mexico. The eight sub-watersheds in the basin were classified using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) model, evaluating morphometry, hydrology, hillslope stability, soil water saturation, land-use change, and socioeconomic factors. The results identified hydrology and land-use change as the most influential criteria, with weights of 20.62% and 19.82%, respectively, driven mainly by surface runoff and deforestation. Swtr 08 and Swtr 07 were identified as the highest-priority sub-watersheds, covering 24.31% of the basin area, with 55.31% of Swtr 08 classified as unstable and showing a combined high-vegetation loss of 16.46 km2. The entire watershed showed an annual vegetation loss rate of 146 ha year−1. Increasing the weighting by 50% resulted in greater variability in priority rankings, with runoff and low vegetation showing maximum global ranges of −44.33% and 30.25%, respectively, instability decreasing by 33.94%, and peak flow increasing by 18.20%. These findings emphasize the need for focused interventions in the vulnerable subwatersheds of the upper basin to manage runoff, curb deforestation, and reduce soil instability.
Climate Change May Increase the Impact of Coastal Flooding on Carbon Storage in China’s Coastal Terrestrial Ecosystems
Authors: Yang Shuyu , Lin Jiaju , Xue Xiongzhi
Published: November 2024

Climate warming exacerbates the deterioration of soil and degradation of vegetation caused by coastal flooding, impairing ecosystem climate-regulating functions. This will elevate the risk of carbon storage (CS) loss, further intensifying climate change. To delve deeper into this aspect, we aimed to integrate future land use/land cover changes and global mean sea-level rise to assess the impact of coastal floods on terrestrial CS under the effects of climate change. We compared the 10-year (RP10) and 100-year (RP100) return-period floods in 2020 with projected scenarios for 2050 under SSP1-26, SSP2-45, SSP3-70, and SSP5-85. The study findings indicate that CS loss caused by coastal flooding in China’s coastal zones was 198.71 Tg (RP10) and 263.46 Tg (RP100) in 2020. In 2050, under the SSP1-26, SSP2-45, and SSP3-70 scenarios, the CS loss is projected to increase sequentially, underscoring the importance of implementing globally coordinated strategies for mitigating climate change to effectively manage coastal flooding. The value of CS loss is expected to increase in 2050, with an anticipated rise of 97–525% (RP10) and 91–498% (RP100). This highlights the essential need to include coastal flood-induced CS changes in carbon emission management and coastal climate risk assessments.
Evaluating the Dynamic Comprehensive Resilience of Urban Road Network: A Case Study of Rainstorm in Xi’an, China
Authors: Hong Yilin , Zhang Zhan , Fang Xinyi , Lu Linjun
Published: November 2024

Rainstorms and flooding are among the most common natural disasters, which have a number of impacts on the transport system. This reality highlights the importance of understanding resilience—the ability of a system to resist disruptions and quickly recover to operational status after damage. However, current resilience assessments often overlook transport network functions and lack dynamic spatiotemporal analysis, posing challenges for comprehensive disaster impact evaluations. This study proposes an SR-PR-FR comprehensive resilience evaluation model from three dimensions: structure resilience (SR), performance resilience (PR), and function resilience (FR). Moreover, a simulation model based on Geographic Information System (GIS) and Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) is developed to analyze the dynamic spatial–temporal effects of a rainstorm on traffic during Xi’an’s evening rush hour. The results reveal that the southwest part of Xi’an is most prone to being congested and slower to recover, while downtown flooding is the deepest, severely affecting emergency services’ efficiency. In addition, the road network resilience returns to 70% of the normal values only before the morning rush the next day. These research results are presented across both temporal and spatial dimensions, which can help managers propose more targeted recommendations for strengthening urban risk management.
Novel Differentially Expressed LncRNAs Regulate Artemisinin Biosynthesis in Artemisia annua
Authors: Ma Tingyu , Zhang Tianyuan , Song Jingyuan , Shen Xiaofeng , Xiang Li , Shi Yuhua
Published: November 2024

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial in regulating secondary metabolite production in plants, but their role in artemisinin (ART) biosynthesis, a key anti-malarial compound from Artemisia annua, remains unclear. Here, by investigating high-artemisinin-producing (HAP) and lowartemisinin-producing (LAP) genotypes, we found that the final artemisinin content in A. annua is influenced by the quantity of the precursor compounds. We report on RNA deep sequencing in HAP and LAP genotypes. Based on the application of a stringent pipeline, 1419 novel lncRNAs were identified. Moreover, we identified 256 differentially expressed lncRNAs between HAP and LAP. We then established correlations between lncRNAs and artemisinin biosynthesis genes in order to identify a molecular framework for the differential expression of the pathway between the two genotypes. Three potential lncRNAs (MSTRG.33718.2, MSTRG.30396.1 and MSTRG.2697.4) linked to the key artemisinin biosynthetic genes (ADS: Amorpha-4,11-diene synthase, DXS: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, and HMGS: 3-hydroxyl-3-methyglutaryl CoA synthase) were detected. Importantly, we observed that up-regulation of these lncRNAs positively modulates the target artemisinin biosynthetic genes, potentially leading to high artemisinin biosynthesis in HAP. In contrast, BAS (beta-amyrin synthase), which is involved in the artemisinin competing pathway, was strongly down-regulated in HAP compared to LAP, in line with the expression pattern of the linked lncRNA MSTRG.30396.1. By identifying and characterizing lncRNAs that are potentially linked to the regulation of key biosynthetic genes, this work provides new insights into the complex regulatory networks governing artemisinin production in A. annua. Such findings could pave the way for innovative approaches in metabolic engineering, potentially enhancing artemisinin yields and addressing challenges in sustainable production.
Utilizing C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and CRP Ratios for Early Detection of Postoperative Complications Following Rectal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Calu Valentin , Piriianu Catalin , Miron Adrian , Grigorean Valentin Titus
Published: November 2024

Background: Surgical treatment for rectal cancer may cause complications that exacerbate the condition, lengthen hospital stays, and raise healthcare costs. Rectal cancer surgery complications can be detected immediately with postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) monitoring. Elevated levels of CRP indicate the presence of inflammation and can serve as a predictive factor for future outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on 67 rectal cancer surgery patients. Prior to and after surgery, CRP levels were measured on days 1–3 and 4–7. Postoperative complications were linked to CRP, surgical approach (open, laparoscopic, conversion), and patient characteristics. This study included t-tests, chi-square tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, ANOVA, Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses, and logistic regression. Results: There was a significant correlation between high levels of CRP on postoperative days 4–7 and the development of problems (p < 0.001). The ratios of CRP/albumin and CRP/platelet were highly predictive of problems over this period (p = 0.000033). Patients who encountered problems had a notably greater estimated blood loss (p = 0.0086). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores and an elevated probability of experiencing problems (p = 0.0078). Moreover, patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery but had to be converted to an open method saw a notably greater incidence of complications (p = 0.0022). From a financial standpoint, the average cost per patient with complications was EUR 1128.75, resulting in a total cost of EUR 44,021.25 for all 39 patients. Conversely, patients who did not experience any difficulties had a cost of EUR 731.25 per patient, resulting in a total of EUR 20,475.00 for all 28 patients. Conclusions: Regularly monitoring CRP, particularly between days 4 and 7 following surgery for rectal cancer, can promptly identify any complications. Monitoring CRP levels and promptly managing any abnormalities can enhance surgical outcomes and reduce healthcare costs.
Comparative Analysis of Growth Performance, Morphological Development, and Physiological Condition in Three Romanian Cyprinus carpio Varieties and Koi: Implications for Aquaculture
Authors: Șerban Dana-Andreea , Barbacariu Cristian-Alin , Burducea Marian , Ivancia Mihaela , Creangă Șteofil
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the influence of internal factors on growth dynamics in four Cyprinus carpio varieties, three Romanian strains (Frăsinet, Ineu, and Podu Iloaiei) and the Koi variety. Fish were measured for total length, maximum height, and weight at four ontogenic stages, namely 7 days post-hatch, 3 months (0+), 18 months old (1+), and 36 months (2+). Weight Gain (WG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Fulton’s condition factor, and the profile index were calculated and analyzed. Results revealed significant intervariety differences in growth performance and physiological condition across life stages. At the 2+ stage, Podu Iloaiei exhibited the highest WG (849.73 ± 4.09 g), while Koi showed the lowest (403.99 ± 14.21 g). Koi demonstrated a unique growth pattern, with the highest SGR (0.18 ± 0.00% day−1) and RGR (0.98 ± 0.05 g day−1) at the 2+ stage. Fulton’s condition factor varied markedly, with Frăsinet showing the highest value at 7 days post-hatch (149.57 ± 17.485) and Koi the lowest at the 1+ stage (0.63 ± 0.011). The profile index decreased with age in all varieties, with Podu Iloaiei showing the most dramatic change from 4.22 ± 0.149 at 7 days to 2.18 ± 0.004 at 2+. These findings highlight the complex interplay between genetic and developmental factors in carp varieties, offering new insights for tailored breeding programs and aquaculture practices.
Gradient Titanium Alloy with Bioactive Hydroxyapatite Porous Structures for Potential Biomedical Applications
Authors: Sadlik Julia , Kosińska Edyta , Bańkosz Magdalena , Tomala Agnieszka , Bruzda Grzegorz , Jampilek Josef , Sobczak-Kupiec Agnieszka
Published: November 2024

Hard bone disease is a clinical problem affecting more than 20 million people annually worldwide, with significant health, social, and economic consequences. For successful integration of any implant, the key aspects are bone regeneration, osseointegration at the bone–implant interface, and the mitigation of inflammation. The purpose of this research work is to demonstrate an innovative material system and method of biomaterial preparation for regenerative medicine. A number of studies were carried out for both hydroxyapatite powder and composites. Wet-precipitated synthesized hydroxyapatite was compared to commercial products through accurate physicochemical studies that confirmed the high purity of the obtained calcium phosphate without any impurities. Ti/HAp composites before and after sintering were compared by XRF, XRD, SEM, EDS, PSA, and roughness measurements, and the Vickers microhardness was analyzed. The fabrication of the biomaterial was based on a bottom-up approach, which involved fabricating HAp particles with specific morphologies using powder metallurgy (PM) to sinter Ti composites. The resulting gradient structures consisting of two compositions (5%HAp%5CMC and 10%HAp10%CMC) mimic the structure of bone tissue. The created pores of 10–100 µm in size will allow bone cells to penetrate the implant and regenerate bone. In turn, the introduction of hydroxyapatite into the material reduces the microhardness of the composite and introduces properties such as bioactivity. The developed composite material contains a combination of Ti alloy and hydroxyapatite (HAp), creating an excellent biomaterial that promotes bone growth and eliminates the problem of implant loosening by integrating it into the bone. This material requires further research, especially biological research. However, it shows promising potential for further experiments.
Optimization Conditions for High-Power AlGaN/InGaN/GaN/AlGaN High-Electron-Mobility Transistor Grown on SiC Substrate
Authors: Kim Bonghwan , Park Seung-Hwan
Published: November 2024

In this study, we aimed to propose an optimal structure for an AlGaN/InGaN/GaN/AlGaN/SiC HEMT by investigating how the breakdown voltage varies with the thickness and composition of the InGaN layer. The breakdown voltage was shown to be highly dependent on the In composition. Specifically, as the In composition increased, the breakdown voltage rapidly increased, but it exhibited saturation when the In composition exceeded 0.06. Therefore, it is desirable to maintain the In composition at or above 0.06. The variation in breakdown voltage due to thickness was relatively small compared to the variation caused by In composition. While the breakdown voltage remained nearly constant with increasing thickness, it began to decrease when the thickness exceeded 10 nm. Hence, the thickness should be kept below 10 nm. Additionally, as the In composition increased, the subthreshold swing (SS) also increased, but the drain current value was shown to increase. On the other hand, it was observed that the SS value in the transfer characteristics and the current–voltage characteristics were almost unaffected by the thickness of the InGaN layer.
Correlation Between the Magnetic Properties of Ce-Containing Magnets and the CeFe2 Phase at Various Sintering Temperatures
Authors: Shen Qingpeng , Yang Munan , Bulyk Ihor , Luo Sangen , Yang Honglong , Wang Yifan , Yu Xiaoqiang , Zhong Shuwei
Published: November 2024

This article investigates the relationship between the magnetic properties of magnets and the percentage and distribution of the CeFe2 phase at different sintering temperatures. At the lower sintering temperature, the grain boundary phase flow of the magnet is poor, more hole defects are generated in the magnet, and the comprehensive magnetic properties of the magnet are poor. An increase in sintering temperature increases the ratio of CeFe2 phase, improves the fluidity of grain boundary liquid phase, fills the hole defects and causes an increase in remanence. However, an increase in grain size also inhibits the coercivity of the magnet at this temperature. When the sintering temperature reaches 1080 °C, the CeFe2 phase ratio continues to increase, providing more liquid phase. The phase Ce2Fe17 was also decomposed into liquid phase, the continuity and wettability of grain boundary phase were optimized, and the coercivity reached a maximum of 13.18 kOe. However, the orientation of the magnet changed and the proportion of the main phase decreased, resulting in a slight decrease in the remanence (Br = 13.17 kGs).
Microstructure Evolution of Super304H Steel Used in a Service Power Station Boiler
Authors: Wang Xiaoxin , Yuan Baohe , Li Jianbin , Chen Guoxi
Published: November 2024

The microstructure and structure of a Super304H superheater steel pipe after 47,000 h were analyzed by metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and EDS, and its mechanical properties were measured by hardness meter. The results show that the austenitic grains appear on the outer wall of Super304H steel pipe after service, while the SEM and metallographic microscope tests show that the outer wall particles are coarse. There is an obvious corrosion layer on the outer surface, and the thickness of the corrosion layer on the windward surface is significantly higher than that on the leeward surface. The inner surface is refined and the hardness of the material is significantly increased; the outer surface, the inner surface, and the center all grow abnormally. In this case, the room temperature tensile strength and impact performance of the rough crystal area of the outer wall of the Super304H steel pipe are reduced and fracture along the crystal. Supervision should be strengthened to eliminate the safety risks caused by the abnormal growth of the outer wall austenite grain. The results of crystal phase microscopy show that the main structure of the material still maintains the basic structure of austenitic steel, and particle aggregation mainly occurs in the sub-inner layer of the inner and outer surface. Compared with the lee surface, the middle body structure is basically the same, but whether the thickness of the corrosion layer on the inner surface or the outer surface increases, the deformation degree of the deformation layer is greater. The hardness measurement finds that the hardness of the corrosion layer is caused by the increase in Super304H steel surface stress. In case of pipe explosion accident, the highest chance of pipe explosion here should be closely observed.
Influence of Distributor Structure on Through-Sea Valve Vibration Characteristics and Improvement Design
Authors: Yang Qingchao , Li Zebin , Diao Aimin , Ma Zhaozhao
Published: November 2024

To address the issue of excessive transient noise during the opening and closing of a sea valve, a method for reducing pressure fluctuations during the opening of the electromagnetic hydraulic distributor has been proposed by analyzing the structure and working principle of the distributor. Based on theoretical calculation and simulation analysis, the size and shape of the buffer slot of the flow hole are determined under the condition that the stable working flow rate remains unchanged. An improved electromagnetic hydraulic distributor is developed and tested. The results indicate that this method can effectively control the opening and closing transient noise of the sea valve.
A Reconfigurable Architecture for Industrial Control Systems: Overview and Challenges
Authors: Liu Lisi , Xu Zijie , Qu Xiaobin
Published: November 2024

The closed architecture and stand-alone operation model of traditional industrial control systems limit their ability to leverage ubiquitous infrastructure resources for more flexible and intelligent development. This restriction hinders their ability to rapidly, economically, and sustainably respond to mass customization demands. Existing proposals for open and networked architectures have failed to break the vicious cycle of closed architectures and stand-alone operation models because they do not address the core issue: the tight coupling among the control, infrastructure, and actuator domains. This paper proposes a reconfigurable architecture that decouples these domains, structuring the control system across three planes: control, infrastructure, and actuator. The computer numerical control (CNC) system serves as a primary example to illustrate this reconfigurable architecture. After reviewing open and networked architectures and discussing the characteristics of this reconfigurable architecture, this paper identifies three key challenges: deterministic control functionality, the decoupling of control modules from infrastructures, and the management of control modules, infrastructures, and actuators. Each challenge is examined in detail, and potential solutions are proposed based on emerging technologies.
Optimal Inspection and Maintenance Policy: Integrating a Continuous-Time Markov Chain into a Homing Problem
Authors: Lefebvre Mario , Yaghoubi Roozbeh
Published: November 2024

The state of a machine is modeled as a controlled continuous-time Markov chain. Moreover, the machine is being serviced at random times. The aim is to maximize the time until the machine must be repaired, while taking the maintenance costs into account. The dynamic programming equation satisfied by the value function is derived, enabling optimal decision-making regarding inspection rates, and special problems are solved explicitly. This approach minimizes direct maintenance costs along with potential failure expenses, establishing a robust methodology for determining inspection frequencies in reliability-centered maintenance. The results contribute to the advancement of maintenance strategies and provide explicit solutions for particular cases, offering ideas for application in reliability engineering.
UNC Charlotte Autonomous Shuttle Pilot Study: An Assessment of Operational Performance, Reliability, and Challenges
Authors: Golchin Mohammadnavid , Grandhi Abhinav , Gore Ninad , Pulugurtha Srinivas S. , Ghasemi Amirhossein
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the findings from an autonomous shuttle pilot program conducted at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte between June and December 2023 as part of the North Carolina Department of Transportation’s Connected Autonomous Shuttle Supporting Innovation (CASSI) initiative. The shuttle completed 825 trips, transporting 565 passengers along a 2.2-mile mixed-traffic campus route. The study evaluates the shuttle’s operational performance, reliability, and challenges using data from onboard sensors, system logs, and operator reports. Key analyses are divided into four areas: service reliability, which assesses autonomy disengagements caused by signal loss, technical issues, and environmental factors; service robustness, focusing on the shuttle’s ability to maintain operations under adverse conditions; performance metrics, including average speed, autonomy percentage, and battery usage; and service usage, which examines the number of trips and passengers to gauge efficiency. Signal loss and battery-related issues were the primary causes of service interruptions, while environmental factors like weather and vegetation also affected shuttle performance. Recommendations include enhancing vehicle-to-infrastructure communication and optimizing battery management.
Parameter Optimization Method for Centrifugal Feed Disc Discharging Based on Numerical Simulation and Response Surface
Authors: Lu Kai , Yin Cheng , Qian Jing , Sun Zhiyan , Wang Liqiang
Published: November 2024

In this study, a centrifugal feeding disc device is proposed. To investigate the influence of the process parameters on the discharging efficiency and the lifting of the discharging efficiency, the centrifugal feeding disc device was dynamically simulated based on the discrete element method (DEM), and the simulation results were experimentally verified. Based on the quadratic regression orthogonal test method, a significant lossless regression model of process parameters and discharging efficiency was established, and the response surface of the interaction of process parameters was obtained. The results indicated that the order of influence of the process parameters on the discharging speed of the centrifugal feeding disc was as follows: outer turntable speed > inner turntable speed > inner turntable tilt angle > conical turntable angle. The interaction of the conical turntable angle and the inner turntable tilt angle had the greatest influence on the centrifugal feed disc discharge efficiency. The response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize the process parameters, and the optimal combination of process parameters included an outer turntable speed of 135 r/min, an inner turntable speed of 64 r/min, an inner turntable tilt angle of 7°, and a conical angle of 15°. The discharged efficiency of the optimized centrifugal feeding disc device was increased by 31.9%.
Smooth and Time-Optimal Trajectory Planning for Robots Using Improved Carnivorous Plant Algorithm
Authors: Wei Bo , Liu Changyi , Zhang Xin , Zheng Kai , Cao Zhengfeng , Chen Zexin
Published: November 2024

To improve the safety and reliability of robotic manipulators during high-speed precision movements, this paper proposes a method for smooth and time-optimal trajectory planning incorporating kinodynamic constraints. The primary objective is to use an evolutionary algorithm to determine a trajectory by considering time and jerk within the feasible path-pseudo-velocity phase plane region. Firstly, the path parameterization theory extracted the maximum pseudo-velocity projection curve from the kinodynamic constraints. Subsequently, the feasible region in the phase plane was defined through reachability analysis of discrete linear systems. Thereafter, we constructed the trajectory function using a cubic B-spline curve, optimizing its control points with an improved carnivorous plant optimization algorithm. Finally, the effectiveness and practicality of this method were verified through simulations on a 6-DOF manipulator.
Data Reconciliation-Based Hierarchical Fusion of Machine Learning Models
Authors: Hanzelik Pál Péter , Kummer Alex , Abonyi János
Published: November 2024

In the context of hierarchical system modeling, ensuring constraints between different hierarchy levels are met, so, for instance, ensuring the aggregation constraints are satisfied, is essential. However, modelling and forecasting each element of the hierarchy independently introduce errors. To mitigate this balance error, it is recommended to employ an optimal data reconciliation technique with an emphasis on measurement and modeling errors. In this study, three different machine learning methods for development were investigated. The first method involves no data reconciliation, relying solely on machine learning models built independently at each hierarchical level. The second approach incorporates measurement errors by adjusting the measured data to satisfy each constraint, and the machine learning model is developed based on this dataset. The third method is based on directly fine-tuning the machine learning predictions based on the prediction errors of each model. The three methods were compared using three case studies with different complexities, namely mineral composition estimation with 9 elements, forecasting of retail sales with 14 elements, and waste deposition forecasting with more than 3000 elements. From the results of this study, the conclusion can be drawn that the third method performs the best, and reliable machine learning models can be developed.
Second-Order Regularity for Degenerate Parabolic Quasi-Linear Equations in the Heisenberg Group
Authors: Yu Chengwei , Wang Huiying , Cui Kunpeng , Zhao Zijing
Published: November 2024

In the Heisenberg group Hn, we obtain the local second-order HWloc2,2-regularity for the weak solution u to a class of degenerate parabolic quasi-linear equations ∂tu=∑i=12nXiAi(Xu) modeled on the parabolic p-Laplacian equation. Specifically, when 2≤p≤4, we demonstrate the integrability of (∂tu)2, namely, ∂tu∈Lloc2; when 2≤p<3, we demonstrate the HWloc2,2-regularity of u, namely, XXu∈Lloc2. For the HWloc2,2-regularity, when p≥2, the range of p is optimal compared to the Euclidean case.
Stopping Sets of Algebraic Geometry Codes over Hyperelliptic Curves of Genus Two
Authors: Eid Abdulla
Published: November 2024

Stopping sets are useful for analyzing the performance of a linear code under an iterative decoding algorithm over an erasure channel. In this paper, we consider stopping sets of one-point algebraic geometry codes defined by a hyperelliptic curve of genus g=2 defined by the plane model y2=f(x), where the degree of f(x) was 5. We completely classify the stopping sets of the one-point algebraic geometric codes C=CΩ(D,mP∞) defined by a hyperelliptic curve of genus 2 with m≤4. For m=3, we proved in detail that all sets S⊆{1,2,⋯,n} of a size greater than 3 are stopping sets and we give an example of sets of size 2,3 that are not.
Robert Rosen’s Relational Biology Theory and His Emphasis on Non-Algorithmic Approaches to Living Systems
Authors: Lane Patricia A.
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the use of algorithms and non-algorithmic models in mathematics and science, especially in biology, during the past century by summarizing the gradual development of a conceptual rationale for non-algorithmic models in biology. First, beginning a century ago, mathematicians found it impossible to constrain mathematics in an algorithmic straitjacket via öö’s Incompleteness Theorems, so how would it be possible in biology? By the 1930s, biology was resolutely imitating classical physics, with biologists enforcing a reductionist agenda to expunge function, purpose, teleology, and vitalism from biology. Interestingly, physicists and mathematicians often understood better than biologists that mathematical representations of living systems required different approaches than those of dead matter. Nicolas Rashevsky, the Father of Mathematical Biology, and Robert Rosen, his student, pointed out that the complex systems of life cannot be reduced to machines or mechanisms as per the Newtonian paradigm. Robert Rosen concluded that living systems are not amenable to algorithmic models that are primarily syntactical. Life requires semantics for its description. Rashevsky and Rosen pioneered Relational Biology, initially using Graph Theory to model living systems. Later, Rosen created a metabolic–repair model (M, R)-system using Category Theory to encode the basic entailments of life itself. Although reductionism still dominates in current biology, several subsequent authors have built upon the Rashevsky–Rosen intellectual foundation and have explained, extended, and explored its ramifications. Algorithmic formulations have become increasingly inadequate for investigating and modeling living systems. Biology is shifting from a science of simple systems to complex ones. This transition will only be successful once mathematics fully depicts what it means to be alive. This paper is a call to mathematicians from biologists asking for help in doing this.
Cost Optimization in Sintering Process on the Basis of Bulk Queueing System with Diverse Services Modes and Vacation
Authors: Niranjan Subramani Palani , Devi Latha Suthanthira Raj , Vlase Sorin
Published: November 2024

This research investigated a single bulk server queuing model where service modes and server vacations are dependent on the number of clients. The server operates in three different service modes: single service, fixed batch service, and variable batch service. Modes will be determined by queue length. The service starts only when the minimum number of customers, say ‘a’, has accumulated in the queue. At this point, the server selects one of three service modes. Transitions between duty modes are permitted only at the beginning of a duty period. At the end of the service, the server can go on vacation if the queue length drops below ‘a’. When returning from vacation, if threshold ‘a’ is not reached, the server will remain inactive until it is reached. A special technique called the Supplementary Variables Technique (SVT) was used to determine the probability-generating function when estimating the queue size at a given time. Appropriate numerical examples exemplify the method developed in the paper. An optimal cost analysis was performed to set the threshold values for different server modes with the intention of minimizing the aggregate average cost.
Modeling and Solving the Knapsack Problem with a Multi-Objective Equilibrium Optimizer Algorithm Based on Weighted Congestion Distance
Authors: Wang Ziqian , Huang Xin , Zhang Yan , Lv Danju , Li Wei , Zhu Zhicheng , Dong Jian’e
Published: November 2024

The knapsack problem is a typical bi-objective combinatorial optimization issue, wherein maximizing the value of the packed items is achieved concurrently with minimizing the weight of the load. Due to the conflicting objectives of the knapsack problem and the typical discrete property of the items involved, swarm intelligence algorithms are commonly employed. The diversity of optimal combinations in the knapsack problem has become a focal point, which involves finding multiple packing solutions at the same value and weight. For this purpose, this paper proposes a Multi-Objective Equilibrium Optimizer Algorithm based on Weighted Congestion Distance (MOEO_WCD). The algorithm employs a non-dominated sorting method to find a set of Pareto front solutions rather than a single optimal solution, offering multiple decision-making options based on the varying needs of the decision-makers. Additionally, MOEO_WCD improves the balance pool generation mechanism and incorporates a weighted congestion incentive, emphasizing the diversity of packing combination solutions under the objectives of value and weight to explore more Pareto front solutions. Considering the discrete characteristics of the knapsack combination optimization problem, our algorithm also incorporates appropriate discrete constraint handling. This paper designs multiple sets of multi-objective knapsack combinatorial optimization problems based on the number of knapsacks, the number of items, and the weights and values of the items. This article compares five algorithms suitable for solving multi-objective problems: MODE, MO-PSO-MM, MO-Ring-PSO-SCD, NSGA-II, and DN-NSGAII. In order to evaluate the performance of the algorithm, this paper proposes a new solution set coverage index for evaluation. We also used the hypervolume indicator to evaluate the diversity of algorithms. The results show that our MOEO-WCD algorithm achieves optimal coverage of the reference composite Pareto front in the decision space of four knapsack problems. The experimental results indicate that our MOEO_WCD algorithm achieves the optimal coverage of the reference composite Pareto front in the decision space for four sets of knapsack problems. Although our MOEO_WCD algorithm covers less of the composite front in the objective space compared with the MODE algorithm for knapsack problem 1, its coverage of the integrated reference solutions in the decision space is greater than that of the MODE algorithm. The experiments demonstrate the superior performance of the MOEO_WCD algorithm on bi-objective knapsack combinatorial optimization problem instances, which provides an important solution to the search for diversity in multi-objective combinatorial optimization solutions.
Traumatic Dental Injuries in Children and Adolescents from a Major Dental Clinic in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A 5-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Dolic Olivera , Obradovic Marija , Kojic Zeljka , Knezevic Natasa , Trtic Natasa , Veselinovic Valentina , Arapovic-Savic Marijana , Umicevic-Davidovic Mirjana , Krcic Vanja
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of dental trauma in a public dental clinic in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, from 2019 to 2024. Methods: This research was conducted as a retrospective cross-sectional study. The data were analysed and compared between injured primary and permanent maxillary and mandibular teeth. Results: The review of the dental records revealed 73 patients (49 boys and 24 girls) with TDIs, involving 55 primary and 64 permanent teeth. Most of the patients (27 patients, 36.98%) were aged 7–9 years. The main cause of TDI was falls in both dentitions (81.81% of injured primary teeth and 73.43% of injured permanent teeth). The time of arrival after a TDI for assistance in the dental clinic for most cases was after 24 h in both dentitions, 45.45% of injured primary teeth and 48.43% of permanent teeth. For both dentitions, enamel fractures were the most common injury of hard dental tissues and the pulp, and the necrosis of the maxillary central incisor was the most common complication. Conclusions: It is very important to improve trauma management and increase public knowledge on the way parents seek proper treatment for the TDIs of their children, and in due time.
Use of Non-Invasive Biomarkers and Clinical Scores to Predict the Complications of Liver Cirrhosis: A Bicentric Experience
Authors: Scarlata Giuseppe Guido Maria , Ismaiel Abdulrahman , Gambardella Maria Luisa , Leucuta Daniel Corneliu , Luzza Francesco , Dumitrascu Dan Lucian , Abenavoli Ludovico
Published: November 2024

Background and objectives: Liver cirrhosis is a chronic, progressive condition characterized by fibrosis and architectural distortion of the liver, leading to impaired liver function and severe complications. Accurately predicting these complications is crucial to the improvement of patient outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of various non-invasive biomarkers and clinical scores in assessing the risk of complications among cirrhotic patients. Materials and methods: We conducted an observational retrospective study involving 236 cirrhotic patients from two tertiary care hospitals in Italy and Romania, in a timespan ranging from January 2021 to March 2024. Data on clinical characteristics, liver function tests, hematological indices, various non-invasive biomarkers, and clinical scores were collected and analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to assess the accuracy of these biomarkers and clinical scores in predicting complications, including the presence of varices and hepato-renal syndrome. Results: The Child–Pugh score showed the highest accuracy for cirrhosis-related complications, with an area under curve (AUC) = 0.667. The red cell distribution width coefficient of variation followed closely with an AUC = 0.646. While the Child–Pugh score had a high specificity (85.42%), its sensitivity was low (37.97%). In patients with varices, non-invasive scores such as platelet distribution width (PDW) and the RDW-to-platelet ratio (RPR) showed modest predictive ability, with an AUC = 0.594. For hepato-renal syndrome, the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score showed the highest diagnostic accuracy with an AUC = 0.758. Conclusions: The most reliable biomarkers for detecting complications, varices, and hepato-renal syndrome, are, respectively, the Child–Pugh Score, PDW along with RPR, and the MELD score. However, while these scores remain valuable, the moderate diagnostic accuracy of other indices suggests the need for a more integrated approach to risk stratification. Future research should focus on validating these tools across different populations and incorporating emerging biomarkers to enhance predictive accuracy and inform more effective clinical decision-making.
Outcomes and Complications of Posterior Fossa Surgery in Sitting Versus Park-Bench Positions
Authors: Radu Oana Maria , Balaci Georgeta Magdalena , Leucuța Daniel Corneliu , Moisescu Vlad Ioan , Munteanu Cristina , Florian Ioan Ștefan
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Patient positioning during surgery can influence intra- and postoperative complications. Therefore, we assessed the impact of the sitting and park-bench positions on anesthetic parameters and complications in neurosurgical patients. Methods and Patients: For this retrospective study, 314 adults who underwent neurosurgical procedures for posterior fossa pathologies were divided into two groups: sitting (n = 231) and park-bench (n = 83). The following data were collected, monitored, recorded, and compared: age, sex, tumor type, surgical approach, cardiovascular and respiratory complications, and postoperative surgical complications. The association of hypotension with the position was further investigated through multivariate logistic regression models by adjusting for CO2 decrease, desaturation, and documented gas embolism. Results: The average age was significantly lower in the sitting group (55 years, interquartile range (IQR) = 43–63; female proportion = 59.74%) than in the park-bench group (62 years, IQR = 45–74; female proportion = 57.83%) (p < 0.001). Cerebellopontine angle tumors were detected in 37.23% of the patients who underwent an operation in the sitting position and in 7.26% who underwent an operation in the park-bench position (p < 0.001). Patients in the sitting position had significantly greater anesthetic complication (91.77% vs. 71.08%, p < 0.001), hypotension (61.9% vs. 16.87%), and >2 mmHg CO2 decrease (35.06% vs. 15.66%, p < 0.001) incidences. Hypoxemia and death occurred more frequently in the park-bench group (8.43% vs. 1.73% and 6.03% vs. 1.3%, respectively). Conclusions: Compared with the park-bench position, the sitting position was associated with a greater specific anesthetic complication incidence and lower postoperative mortality rate, indicating a need for careful risk-benefit assessment when selecting each individual patient’s surgical position.
Association Between Asian Flush and Satisfaction of Sleep via Alcohol Consumption Status in a Sample of Japanese Participants
Authors: Shimizu Yuji , Yoshida Tomokatsu , Ito Keiko , Terada Kumiko , Sasaki Nagisa , Honda Eiko , Motomura Kazushi
Published: November 2024

Background: The reddening of the face and neck following alcohol consumption is known as Asian flush. Although genetic factors related to Asian flush have been reported to be inversely associated with duration of sleep, no study has reported an association between Asian flush and sleep satisfaction. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 3823 Japanese people, aged 20 to 64 years was conducted. The target population comprised general public resident monitors of Osaka Prefecture who were registered with an internet research company. Results: A significant inverse association was observed between Asian flush and satisfaction of sleep. The potential confounder-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of satisfied sleep was 0.81 (0.69–0.96). The alcohol consumption status-specific analysis revealed essentially the same associations between consumers and non-consumers of alcohol. The adjusted ORs (95% CIs) were 0.81 (0.65–0.997) for non-consumers and 0.80 (0.61–1.05) for consumers of alcohol. Conclusion: The genetic characteristics of physical reactions to alcohol exposure may influence sleep quality. One’s alcohol consumption status may not influence the effects of having a lower tolerance to alcohol on sleep quality.
The Correlation of Bile Duct Dilatation in Postmortem Computed Tomography of Lethal Intoxication Cases for Different Drug Types—A Retrospective Study
Authors: Fliss Barbara , Krishnarajah Kirththanan , Ebert Lars , Wunder Cora , Franckenberg Sabine
Published: November 2024

Purpose: To assess (I) whether, in autopsy-proven lethal intoxications with opiates/opioids, a dilatation of the common bile duct (CBD) is still visible in postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) and (II) if a dilatation of the CBD might also be measurable for other substance groups (e.g., stimulants, hypnotics, antipsychotics, etc.). Methods: We retrospectively measured the CBD using PMCT in cases with lethal intoxication (n = 125) and as a control group in cases with a negative toxicological analysis (n = 88). Intoxicating substances were classified into the subgroups (opiates, opioids, stimulants, hypnotics, antipsychotics, gasses, and others). Significance between the study and control groups was tested with the Mann–Whitney U test, and correlations were examined by using crosstables. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the CBD diameters in the intoxication group overall, when compared to the CBD diameter in the control group (p < 0.001). For both subgroups of “opiates” and “opioids”, there was a strong statistically significant difference between the CBD diameter (being wider) in those groups compared to the control group (both p = 0.001). For the three subgroups “hypnotics”, “stimulants”, and “psychotropic drugs”, there was no statistically significant difference between the CBD diameters in the intoxication subgroups when compared with the control group. The other subgroups were too small for statistical analysis. Conclusion: A dilated common bile duct in postmortem computed tomography might be used as an indication for a lethal opioid or opiate intoxication only in regard to the specific case circumstances or together with other indicative findings in a postmortem investigation.
Characterisation of Varying Iron Ores and Their Thermal Decomposition Kinetics Under HIsarna Ironmaking Conditions
Authors: Leerhoff Philipp , Brouwer Johannes C. , Armaki Amir Mohseni , Zeilstra Christiaan , Meijer Koen , van der Stel Jan , Abrahami Shoshan T. , Dogan Neslihan , Yang Yongxiang
Published: November 2024

In the pre-reduction cyclone of the HIsarna process, both thermal decomposition and gas reduction of the injected iron ores occur simultaneously at gas temperatures of 1723–1773 K. In this study, the kinetics of the thermal decomposition of three iron ores (namely OreA, OreB and OreC) for HIsarna ironmaking were analysed as an isolated process with a symmetrical thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) under an inert atmosphere. Using various methods, the chemical and mineralogical composition, particle size distribution, morphology and phase distribution of the ores were analysed. The ores differ in their mineralogy and morphology, where OreA only contains hematite as iron-bearing phase and OreB and OreC include goethite and hematite. To obtain the kinetic parameters in non-isothermal conditions, the Coats–Redfern Integral Method was applied for heating rates of 1, 2 and 5 K/min and a maximum temperature of 1773 K. The TGA results indicate that goethite and hematite decomposition occur as a two-stage process in an inert atmosphere of Ar. The proposed reaction mechanism for the first stage of goethite decomposition is chemical reaction with an activation energy ranging from 46.55 to 60.38 kJ/mol for OreB and from 69.90 to 134.47 kJ/mol for OreC. The proposed reaction mechanism for the second stage of goethite decomposition is diffusion, showing an activation energy ranging between 24.43 and 44.76 kJ/mol for OreB and between 3.32 and 23.29 kJ/mol for OreC. In terms of hematite decomposition, only the first stage was analysed. The proposed reaction mechanism is chemical reaction control. OreA shows an activation energy of 545.47 to 670.50 kJ/mol, OreB one of 587.68 to 831.54 kJ/mol and OreC one of 424.31 to 592.32 kJ/mol.