bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental health and psychosocial support for families of missing persons in Sri Lanka: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Andersen Ida , Poudyal Bhava , Abeypala Arundathi , Uriarte Carla , Rossi Rodolfo
Published: April 2020

Background

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has developed its ‘Accompaniment model’ to address the multi-faceted needs of relatives of people who go missing during armed conflict. In Sri Lanka an Accompaniment Programme was launched in 2015 for the relatives of the more than 16,000 missing persons who remain unaccounted for.

Method

One thousand seven hundred eighty-three relatives who took part in the mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) component of the ICRC’s Accompaniment Programme in Sri Lanka between April 2016 and August 2017 were offered eight peer-support group sessions, individual home visits, referrals to local services, and commemoration events to pay tribute to their missing relatives. Symptoms of anxiety and depression (using the HADS scale), somatic difficulties (using the BSI scale) and daily functioning (ICRC scale) were assessed before and after the MHPSS intervention.

Results

Prior to receiving support, Tamil and Muslim ethnicity, ≥60 years of age and civilian status were predictors of severe symptoms of anxiety; Tamil ethnicity, ≥50 years of age and being the mother of a missing person were predictors of severe symptoms of depression; and ≥ 50 years of age and severe symptoms of anxiety and depression were predictors of severe somatic difficulties. After receiving support, the vast majority of the relatives of missing persons showed reduced levels of anxiety (81%), depression (79%) and somatic pain (77%), as well as increased functioning (75%). Predictors of improvement following support were severe levels of distress at baseline and Tamil and Muslim ethnicity. In addition, attending at least three group sessions was a predictor of decreased anxiety, age group 51–60 was a predictor of decreased depression, female gender was a predictor of decreased somatic difficulties, and referrals were a predictor of increased functioning.

Conclusion

The MHPSS component of the ICRC’s Accompaniment Programme is a relevant approach to helping families to cope with not knowing the fate and whereabouts of their missing relatives, to reduce distress, to break their social isolation and to resume more functional lives. However, further research is needed, possibly through a controlled trial, to better establish the effectiveness of this approach.
HRT shortages: the real reason women were left without HRT?
Authors: Abernethy Kathy
Published: April 2020

Recent shortages in hormone replacement therapy caused widespread difficulty for many women. Kathy Abernethy explains the reasons for these problems
Avaliação da vulnerabilidade à perda de solo no distrito de Boane em Moçambique
Authors: Matule Euclides Délio , Macarringue Lucrêncio Silvestre
Published: April 2020

O estudo da vulnerabilidade à perda de solo das unidades de paisagemconstitui um dos mecanismos para o desenho de práticas sustentáveis de uso eocupação da terra e dos recursos naturais. Atendendo a esse facto, estapesquisa teve como objectivo avaliar a vulnerabilidade à perda do solo nodistrito de Boane em 2018 aplicando a metodologia proposta por Crepani. Osmateriais utilizados incluem as imagens OLI do Landsat-8 e ASTER GDTMV2 que permitiram a geração dos mapas de uso e cobertura de terra edeclividade respectivamente, o banco de dados de solos, litologia, epluviosiodade disponível no CENACARTA. Estes dados foram processados emambiente SIG em função da metodologia proposta por Crepani para análise davulnerabilidade à perda de solo. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que cerca de53,3% do distrito apresentou estabilidade mediana, 34,7% moderadamentevulnerável, 11,4% moderadamente estável, 0,6% estável e 0% vulnerável.Estes resultados revelam uma situação considerada favorável, porém não sedeve ficar numa situação de conforto pois com o ritmo de urbanização que seassiste nas últimas décadas e suas consequências sobre o meio ambiente,aliada à não implementação dos planos de ordenamento, pode colocar emcausa esta situação.
Społeczno-kulturowe uwarunkowania demokratyzacji edukacji na Tajwanie
Authors: Nowosad Inetta
Published: April 2020

Nowosad Inetta, Społeczno-kulturowe uwarunkowania demokratyzacji edukacji na Tajwanie [Social and cultural preconditions for the process of democratization in Taiwanese education]. Kultura – Społeczeństwo – Edukacja nr 2(14) 2018, Poznań 2018, pp. 137–154, Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-0422. DOI 10.14746/kse.2018.14.12.

The article focuses on changes introduced in Taiwan’s education since 1949, which reflect the social changes taking place in this country. Special attention is drawn to the origin and the course of two particularly important processes, i.e. democratisation and taiwanisation, which have radically changed the face of education, revealing Taiwan’s ‘balancing’ between the East and the West. While depicting their essence, also complex links with Taiwan’s policies towards China and its orientation onto economic growth were taken into account.
Edukacyjne aspekty działalności agroturystycznej w Polsce
Authors: Wartecka-Ważyńska Agnieszka
Published: April 2020

The paper addresses the problems of education, including environmental and cultural education, of children and young people offered by agritourism farms. The study also indicates the need for school education and extracurricular education of families involved in agritourism. Professional employees in agritourism represent precious human capital for rural areas and guarantee high quality of services, e.g. educational services for tourists, including children and young people. The particular focus was on education in the field of ecology and rural cultural heritage. Institutions in one way or another involved in education in agritourism were also discussed. The paper was written based on literature and results of empirical studies.
Różnorodność paradygmatów dydaktyki akademickiej. O potrzebie komplementarności podejść
Authors: Sajdak-Burska Anna
Published: April 2020

This paper concerns itself with the interdisciplinary nature of academic didactics as a field of social sciences that uses knowledge and results derived from educational sciences, psychology, philosophy, sociology and didactics specific to particular subjects. It was pointed out that considerations on teaching practices in all scientific disciplines constitute another source of knowledge for the field of academic didactics. The diversity of theoretical and methodological approaches is determined by science-specific and discipline- specific research methodology paradigms, diversified teaching cultures dependent on environmental conditions as well as diversified teaching class patters for students that are often specific to an educational profile. The issue addressed in this paper is whether a single didactic paradigm exists that would unify approaches so different in terms of theory and practice. The paper provides a map of academic didactics paradigms, a description of difficulties related to paradigmatic translations as well as the lack of consent to the multiparadigm approach and issues with interferences and shifts between paradigms. Despite the existing difficulties, the suggestion is made to promote the complementary attitude to various approaches. It is supported by the concept of relations between the assumed academic didactics effects and teaching strategies that lead thereto, which are constituted by different teaching and learning patterns.
Terns (Sterninae) in the collection of the Slovenian Museum of Natural History
Authors: Vrezec Al , Kačar Urška
Published: April 2020

The catalogue presents the data on all specimens of terns (Sterninae) that have been inventoried into the ornithological collection of the Slovenian Museum of Natural History (PMS). The catalogue includes data on preserved as well as lost specimens. The data have been collected from all inventory books at hand in the Slovenian Museum of Natural History. By the end of 2019, 66 different specimens of eight tern species have been recorded in the ornithological collection, of which 56 specimens are still preserved. Most specimens were collected in the 1940–1970 period. The largest number of specimens concerns the Black Tern Chlidonias niger and Common Tern Sterna hirundo. Among the collected terns, the specimens found in Slovenia predominate. Five specimens originate from other countries, specifically Eritrea, Oman, Serbia and Croatia.
Birds of the Ramsar site Estação Ecológica de Taiamã and buffer zone, Pantanal wetlands, Brazil
Authors: Vilas Boas da Frota Angélica , Vitorino Breno Dias , da Silva Carolina Joana , Ikeda-Castrillon Solange Kimie , Nunes Josué Ribeiro da Silva
Published: April 2020

The Estação Ecológica de Taiamã (EET) is one of the Ramsar sites in the Pantanal wetlands of Brazil. We present an annotated list of bird species recorded between 2015 and 2018, along with a compilation of existing data for this area. In our sampling, 207 species were recorded, with 76% documented. We have the first record of Chlidonias niger (Linnaeus, 1758) for the Pantanal and Central region of Brazil. Another 30 species are new records for EET, such as the migrant Hirundo rustica Linnaeus, 1758. The general list comprises 24 orders, 60 families, and 278 species, of which 160 were assigned to the primary list and 118 to the secondary list. This study will aid in the conservation of biodiversity in the Pantanal. The EET and its buffer zone are important for maintaining biodiversity and expanding its boundaries may further promote the conservation of birds in Brazilian wetlands.
La carga de la prueba en el estado social de derecho
Authors: Sánchez Novoa Pedro Alirio
Published: April 2020

Este artículo de refl exión, tiene como propósito analizar el Sistema Procesal Civil de Colombia, y a grandes rasgos las dos vertientes, el proceso Inquisitivo y Adversial, para establecer que nuestro país debe implementar en el campo civil un sistema más adversial para no permitir que el Juez en Asuntos Civiles decrete pruebas de ofi cio debido a que con ello se atenta contra la imparcialidad del fallador, la igualdad de las partes, el principio de autorresponsabilidad y principio de independencia del juez. Además que en un sistema procesal más adversial el juez no se involucra con las partes para enderezar sus falencias probatorias, y esto no es atentatorio del Estado Social de Derecho, ni mucho menos de los derechos fundamentales de las personas, ni contrario a la protección efectiva de los derechos tutelados por nuestro ordenamiento jurídico, sino una responsabilidad de los sujetos procesales.
Elementos de la sana crítica en el proceso civil
Authors: Garc Lyda Fabiola , Vicu M
Published: April 2020

La jurisdicción exige a los jueces decisiones fundamentadas en hechos probados utilizando la lógica, las reglas de la experiencia y los conocimientos científicos, con el fin de establecer la prevalencia de los elementos que constituyen la sana crítica en la valoración probatoria; para ello se aplicó el método analítico-descriptivo a los referentes documentales y la encuesta tipo Likert en escala de frecuencia simple, tomando como unidad de análisis cinco magistrados, 17 jueces y 30 litigantes, lo cual arrojó como resultados que el 100 % de magistrados, el 75 % de jueces y el 75 % de litigantes utilizan la lógica y el 90 % de magistrados, el 80 % de jueces y el 75 % de litigantes aplican las reglas de la experiencia para la valoración de la prueba. Asimismo se halló que entre los operadores jurídicos se presenta disparidad de criterios en la aplicación de los elementos de la sana crítica en la relación Siempre y Casi siempre; y queexiste uniformidad en torno a la aplicación de la sana crítica como instrumento de valoración de la prueba.

 

AbstractThe jurisdiction required judges take decisions based in trial, used the experience rules’ and scientific knowledge, with the purpose establish the main elements of sound judgment on probation valuation critic im health in the probation value and it’s apply the analytical and descriptive method, to the documentary modality and survey type in simple frequency scale it’s taking how united analysis’ five magistrate, seventeen judge and thirty lawyer which resulted throw one hundred magistrate, seventy five judge and seventy five litigants apply experience rules to the evaluation of proof. Moreover, the investigation results’ could be to interpreter by the judicial operators since different perspectives in the evaluation of proof.
La identidad de בְנֵי־הָאֱלֹהִים, הַנְּפִלִים y הַגִּבֹּרִים en Génesis 6:1-4
Authors: Delgado Héctor A.
Published: April 2020

Este estudio analiza Génesis 6:1-4, y sintetiza y evalúa diversas explicaciones de los términos בְנֵי־הָאֱלֹהִים o “hijos de Dios”, los נְּפִלִים y los גִּבֹּרִים; a la vez que provee una interpretación de estos que tiene en cuenta los vínculos con el contexto en el que se encuentran. Para el autor la expresión “hijos de Dios” se refiere a setitas, quienes después de entrar en compromisos conyugales con las mujeres cainitas, contribuyeron decididamente a la maldad ya reinante en aquel tiempo. Los נְּפִלִים no fueron el fruto de esas relaciones pues su existencia es anterior y contemporánea a los descendientes de los hijos de Dios. Los גִּבֹּרִים pueden interpretarse como valientes guerreros y gobernantes que tiranizaron a multitudes.
La doctrina de Dios en Lutero, Calvino y Arminio – Parte III: Comparación entre los reformadores y el teísmo clásico
Authors: Blanco Marcos
Published: April 2020

La ruptura de Lutero, Calvino y Arminio con doctrinas de la teología clásica, tales como la justificación por las obras y una eclesiología clerical, es innegable. Sin embargo, es importante preguntarse si esta reforma incluyó la doctrina de Dios, dada su centralidad para todo el sistema teológico. Este artículo es el tercero de una serie de tres artículos cuyo objetivo es comparar la metodología y las presuposiciones hermenéuticas de Lutero, Calvino y Arminio con las del teísmo clásico (teología católico escolástica) para determinar si ellos se apartaron de la metodología de la sola Scriptura para elaborar la doctrina de Dios, siguiendo la metodología de múltiples fuentes de la teología clásica.
La articulación de la teología adventista, Desmond Ford y la doctrina del Santuario
Authors: Graf Maiorov Roy E
Published: April 2020

Los pioneros adventistas articularon la teología adventista en torno al papel de Cristo en el contexto del santuario celestial. Más recientemente, sin embargo, el adventismo ha sido testigo de un intento de articular su teología en torno a la comprensión evangélica de la justificación por la fe. El desafío más importante en este sentido ha venido de los escritos y presentaciones de Desmond Ford. Este artículo brevemente explora la forma en que Ford articula su teología y el desafío que su punto de vista representa para la doctrina del santuario. También incluye algunas observaciones críticas con respecto a la posición de Ford.
Effect of Bayfolan® copper on the control of Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae in vitro
Authors: Honório Amanda Pereira , Goulart Roseli dos Reis , Baquião Eunice Maria
Published: April 2020

One of the limiting factors in coffee production is the aureolated spot caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae.  This work aimed to evaluate different Bayfolan® copper concentrations in the growth of two isolates of P. syringae pv. garcae in vitro.  P. syringae pv. garcae 157 and 59 isolates were used. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 7 treatments and 5 replications, in a total of 35 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of a Petri dish. For the installation of the experiment, Bayfolan® copper was added and homogenized into Kado 523 culture medium at concentrations of 0; 625; 1.250; 1.875; 2.500 and 3.000 ppm, and as positive control the product Kasumin® was used at 3.000 ppm concentration. Bayfolan® copper reduced the growth of the two isolates evaluated in vitro with increasing concentration. At concentrations of  2.500 and 3.000 ppm, Bayfolan® copper inhibited completely the growth of both isolates, similarly to the Kasumin® treatment. The research reveals that Bayfolan® copper is efficient to control P. syringae pv. garcae in vitro from concentrations of 2.500 ppm onwards.
Analysis of the env gene variability of the IDU-A HIV-1 variant in the outbreak of the HIV infection epidemic in Perm region of Russia (1996-2011)
Authors: Lebedev A. V. , Kazennova E. V. , Zverev S. Ya. , Nistratova Yu. I. , Laga V. Yu. , Tumanov A. S. , Glushchenko N. V. , Yarygina E. I. , Bobkova M. R.
Published: April 2020

In the present work, a total of 132 HIV-1 env gene C2-V3-C3 sequences belonging to the IDU-A genetic variant were analyzed. The variants were obtained from the viruses circulating among IDUs and heterosexuals in the Perm region at different periods. It was shown that the rate of the divergence of the IDU-A HIV-1 viruses from a common ancestor increased 4.3 times (p < 0.001) in 2011 as compared with the onset of the epidemics. The rate of the HIV-1 evolution was different in the two risk groups of the infection. The mean genetic distance of HIV-1 variants circulating among heterosexuals was 1.3 times longer (p = 0.008) than that among IDUs. The accumulation rate of the nucleotide (including nonsynonymous) substitutions in the C2-V3-C3 HIV-1 env gene region among individuals infected by heterosexual contacts was 1.7 times higher than that among IDUs. The differences in the positions of the codons subjected to positive selection were demonstrated depending on the infection risk group tested.
Development of the suppository form of human immunoglobulin preparation with high titers of antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 for the treatment of chronic forms of herpetic disease
Authors: Lazarenko A. A. , Alimbarova L. M. , Mordvintseva E. Yu. , Barinsky I. F.
Published: April 2020

In spite of the vast arsenal of therapeutic agents, therapy of herpes virus infection (HVI) is very difficult, particularly in pregnant women, newborns and children in the first years of life, as well as in patients with immune deficiency. In this regard, possibility of using immunoglobulins for the treatment of HVI is currently attracting the attention of doctors. The aim of this work was to develop a suppository form of the drug containing donor immunoglobulins with high levels of neutralizing antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 for the treatment of chronic forms of herpetic disease. The study included the following steps: 1) selection of gamma-globulins with high antibody titer for HSV-1 and HSV-2 ELISA test; 2) determination of the level of neutralizing antibodies in the selected series of gamma-globulins in tests in tissue cultures and animals; 3) lyophilization of immunoglobulins; 4) development of the suppository form of the preparation containing gamma-globulin donors with high levels of neutralizing antibodies to HSV-1 and HSV-2; 5) study of the safety of the activity of neutralizing antibodies to HSV-1 and HSV-2 in the suppository form of the drug with hyaluronic acid used as immunomodulator. As the result of this work, immunoglobulin preparation in the suppository form was developed. The developed preparation meets the requirements for safety and efficacy. It is not toxic or pyrogenic. The problems of clinical use of this drug as a method of HVI therapy are discussed.
Detection and molecular characterization of reassortant DS-1-like G1P [8] strains of rotavirus A
Authors: Morozova O. V. , Sashina T. A. , Novikova N. A.
Published: April 2020

Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are the main cause of viral gastroenteritis in children worldwide. In this study we provide the molecular characteristics of reassortant DS-1-like G1P[8] RVA strains detected in Russia for the first time. Previously, such reassortant strains were detected in Japan and Thailand. The G1P[8] RVAs with DS-1-like short electropherotype RNA-PAGE were isolated from children hospitalised with an acute gastroenteritis during the 2013-2014 period. The DS-1-like G1P[8] strains accounted for 2.6% of all RVA strains detected continuously throughout the season. A phylogenetic analysis was made on the basis of the established nucleotide sequences of genes VP7, VP8* (VP4), VP6 and NSP4. The Nizhny Novgorod strains belong to G1-I and G1-II alleles of VP7 gene and to P[8]-3 allele of VP4. According to their VP6 sequences, two Russian samples clustered with the reassortant strains isolated in Japan, Thailand and Australia and two other strains were phylogenetically close to the typical G2P[4] DS-1-like RVA. Nucleotide sequences of G1P[8] strains that belong to NSP4 gene form a separate cluster from G3P[8] DS-1-like rotaviruses detected in Thailand and Australia. The RVA alleles included in Rotarix and RotaTeq vaccine strains were clustered separately from the studied reassortant RVAs. On the grounds of phylogenetic analysis we assume a polyphyletic origin of reassortants between Wa- and DS-1-like strains. Mutation rates evaluated by Bayesian inference in clusters with reassortant RVA strains were 1.004Е-3 (VP7), 1.227E-3 (VP4), 3.909E-4 (VP6), and 4.014Е-4 (NSP4). Analysis of tMRCA showed relatively contemporary origin of alleles DS-1-like G1P[8] rotaviruses: VP7 - 1998 (G1-I) and 1981 (G1-II), VP4 - 1998, VP6 - 1994, NSP4 - 1979.
IDENTIFICATION OF ROTAVIRUS I- AND E-GENOTYPES BY MULTIPLEX PCR METHOD
Authors: Sashina T. A. , Morozova O. V. , Epifanova N. V. , Novikova N. A.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. In recent years the presence of reassortant rotavirus strains is increasingly mentioned in the world due to the application of the full-genome based classification system. Information on the circulation of such strains in the territory of Russia is limited. The aim of this work was the development of the approach for determination of genotypes of segments encoding VP6 (I) and NSP4 (E) to reveal reassortant strains. Material and Methods. Rotavirus-positive samples were studied by means of nucleotide sequencing and multiplex PCR. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the Bayesian approach. Results. Three alleles of the VP6 gene (I1-1, I2-IV, I2-VII) and seven alleles of the NSP4 gene (E1-I, E1-III, E2-VI, E2-VII, E2-X, E2-XII, E3) were detected on the base of nucleotide sequences of Nizhny Novgorod rotaviruses. Taking into account these results, the oligonucleotide primers specific to genotypes I1, I2, I3 and E1, E2, E3 were designed. Optimal conditions for multiplex PCR were chosen. The method was tested using the strains collected in Nizhny Novgorod in 2018. The diversity of I and E genotypes was determined and various combinations with G and P genotypes were identified. Discussion. G9-P[8]-I1-E1 rotaviruses were predominant (32.7 %) and G2-P[4]-I2-E2 rotaviruses were in second place (29.1 %). Strains with genotypes G4-P[8]-I1-E2, G3-P[8]-I2-E2 and G2-P[4]-I2-E1 were detected sporadically. They had genes of two rotavirus genogroups, so can be considered to be reassortant. Conclusion. The proposed approach is a useful tool for the characterization of rotaviruses in the conditions of the beginning of vaccination against rotavirus infection in Russia.
Subjective Needs and Thoughts for the Treatment of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Applying Q Methodology
Authors: Park Yong Eun , Kim Tae Oh , Lee Jin , Park Jongha , Choi Joon Hyuk , Heo Nae Yun , Park Seung Ha , Lee Won Sim
Published: April 2020

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that requires lifetime management. Many studies have attempted to establish questionnaires and/or parameters to assess the quality of care for IBD patients. However, no study to date has investigated patients using Q-methodology, which is subjective and has been systematically studied, to identify and categorize their opinions and subjective thinking about their disease and treatment. Therefore, here we aimed to preliminarily examine Q-methodology to investigate the subjective thinking of IBD patients in Korea.Methods: Q-methodology, a method of analyzing the subjectivity of questionnaire items, was examined in this study. At Haeundae Paik Hospital, 50 IBD patients were classified into 34 normalized statements using a 9-point scale with a normal distribution. The collected data were analyzed using the QUANL PC program.Results: Using the Q-methodology, IBD patients were classified into type I, II, III, and IV treatment needs: medical staff–dependent, relationship-oriented, information-driven, and social awareness, respectively.Conclusion: The subjective needs and thoughts about the treatment of IBD patients can be classified into four types. Our findings suggest that we can establish a systematic strategy for personalized care according to patient type.
More than a Meeting: Identifying the needs of the community-based seniors’ services sector with a research partnership
Authors: Tong Catherine , Sims-Gould Joanie , Lusina-Furst Sarah , McKay Heather , Committee Summit Planning
Published: April 2020

Background : Through a weakening of the welfare state, many economically developed countries have seen a decline in publicly funded community programming. Within this context of hollowed-out services for community-dwelling older adults, community-based seniors’ service (CBSS) organizations have been increasingly tasked to deliver programs to enable independence, health and social connections for older citizens. In response, CBSS leaders have taken steps to organize as a unified sector and have expanded their partnerships with researchers and universities to enhance and track this work. The primary objective of this study was to capture of the current needs of CBSS leaders in British Columbia, Canada, who attended a seminal event in the CBSS sector’s development – the inaugural Summit on Aging (i.e. the Summit). Hosting and evaluating The Summit was a collaborative effort between CBSS organizations and a university-based research team. The secondary objective of this study was to understand the value of hosting the Summit for those who attended. Methods : We implemented a mixed-method evaluation plan, which included: a pre- (n=79) and post-event online survey (n=76); thematic notes from six breakout sessions, 4 large group sessions, and ethnographic observations from each day of the Summit; and a 6-month post-Summit semi-structured telephone interview (n=22). Results : Summit delegates identified key opportunities to strengthen the CBSS as a sector, including enhanced collaboration; improved mechanisms that foster connecting and collaborating; and more resources (i.e. funding, trained personnel) to increase their capacity to deliver respond to current and future service demands. Overall, participants found the Summit to be a worthwhile event; it provided a venue to strategize as to how to meet sector needs. Conclusions : In the context of aging societies and a decline in direct support from the state, we must more meaningfully invest and support the vital work that CBSSs are increasingly providing to older citizens. Here we determine key needs within the CBSS and highlight how an event such as the Summit, can help facilitate collaboration, connections and resources. Our community-based research partnership maximized our collective efforts to robustly capture the changing needs of an evolving sector.
Protective Effect of Zuojin Pill on Helicobacter Pylori-Induced chronic atrophic gastritis in Rats and GES-1 Cells and Mechanisms of Action Exploration
Authors: Wu Shihua , Bao Chunmei , Wang Ruilin , Zhang Jianzhong , Zhang Juling , Li Ruisheng , Chen Xing , Wen Jiaxia , Yang Tao , Wei Shizhang , Li Haotian , Wei Ying , Ren Sichen , Xia Houlin , Zhao Yanling
Published: April 2020

Objective Zuojin Pill (ZJP) containing two Chinese herbal drugs: Coptidis Rhizoma and Euodiae Fructus is a classical formula and is widely accepted as a treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) in China. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of ZJP which attenuated H. pylori -induced CAG in vivo and in vitro.Methods: H. pylori (Helicobacter pylori) was used to induce CAG rat model. 0.63, 1.26, and 2.52 g/kg of ZJP (was administered orally for four weeks. Therapeutic effect of ZJP was identified by H & E staining and serum indices. In addition, cell viability, morphology and proliferation were detected by cell counting kit-8 and high-content screening assay. Gene and protein expression related to JMJD2B/COX-2/VEGF axis were detected to further investigate the potential mechanism.Results Compared with the control group, the ZJP groups showed a significant protection effects on Gastric mucosa, as indicated by the reduced loss of glands and inflammatory cell infiltration. Meanwhile, ZJP could ameliorate cell viability, morphology changes, and proliferation in GES-1 cells. Moreover, the ZJP treatment decreased the amount of IL-8, and TNF-α, indicating that it could reduce the level of inflammation, and decrease stomach damage. The expression of JMJD2B/COX-2/VEGF axis related genes and proteins were measured by real-time quantitative PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry methods. The ZJP groups were found to decrease relative genes and protein expression level compared with the model group. ZJP could improve gastric mucosa protection and reduce inflammation level by inhibiting the expression level of JMJD2B/COX-2/VEGF axis.Conclusion Our data confirmed the effective therapy of ZJP in H. pylori -induced CAG, which supports the role of ZJP as an anti-inflammatory and protection of gastric mucosa agent in CAG induced by H. pylori . These results may provide helpful tools for the treatment of CAG.
The potential of peer support to extend the reach of digital health
Authors: Nanton Veronica , Roscoe Julia , Appleton Rebecca , Clarke Amy , Dale Jeremy
Published: April 2020

Background Peer support groups have proliferated since the 1960s, providing safe, informal environments where peers can share experiences and information. A common model for the group is for those who have progressed further along a care pathway or in dealing with a particular medical condition or psycho-social problem, to encourage those at an earlier stage of recovery. Online support groups now co-exist with face to face models, providing a complementary or alternative resource for those with digital access and competence. As the paradigm of health care has moved towards the incorporation of health promotion, patient empowerment and self-management, peer support has extended to include more focussed activities. In particular peer support is included in a range of behaviour change interventions to promote engagement and adherence. Increasingly these interventions are delivered online. While this aims to extend their reach, it leaves those without digital access disadvantaged in terms of the ability to make use of online health resources.Main text Though peer support has been used to maintain adherence to online programmes, its potential in assisting with access and thus widening participation has remained unknown. We successfully piloted the use of a paid peer supporter to help men without experience of IT to take part in an online intervention involving a prostate specific holistic needs assessment. Lessons were learnt from this innovation in relation to training needs and support for the supporter and around data security, confidentiality and safeguarding. Alternative models of voluntary peer support maybe appropriate, particularly in the implementation phase of an intervention and require exploration. Additionally a specific framework for best practice in relation to Digital Health interventions is needed to guide future development of the role. Conclusion Health services are predicted to increasingly rely on digital technology over the next decade. Research into the impact of these seek to include participants representative of the entire population. Efforts must be made to include those who are currently underrepresented in research such as the elderly and other disadvantaged groups. Innovative research designs involving peer support in a research project may be valuable in addressing the current barriers to participation.
Uji Antifungi Susu Fermentasi Komersial pada Candida non-albicans
Authors: Khikmah Nur , Sulistyani Nunung
Published: April 2020

Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) yang terkandung dalam susu fermentasi akan menghasilkan asam-asam organik, hidrogen peroksida, diasetil, asetaldehid, asetoin, reutinin, reuterisiklin dan bakteriosin, dapat sebagai anti-Candida. Spesies Candida non-albicans seperti C. tropicalis dan C. glabrata sebagai penyebab kandidiasis oral cenderung meningkat. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui aktivitas antifungi susu fermentasi komersial pada Candida non-albicans dan viabilitas bakteri asam laktat di dalam susu fermentasi komersial. Aktivitas antifungi pada Candida non-albicans dilakukan dengan metode difusi sumuran. Viabilitas bakteri asam laktat dihitung berdasarkan jumlah bakteri asam laktat sebagai jumlah bakteri total (Total Plate Count). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa susu fermentasi komersial lebih mampu menghambat C. tropicalis dibandingkan C. glabrata. Viabilitas bakteri asam laktat dalam susu fermentasi komersial 107-1010 CFU/mL.
Gamma Irradiation Treatment of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Snake Fruit
Authors: Astuti Novi Kusumaning , Suputa Suputa , Putra Nugroho Susetyo , Indarwatmi Murni
Published: April 2020

Snake fruit (Salacca zalacca) is a unique fruit and it has decadent prospects to be developed as an export commodity. Nevertheless, oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel seems to decrease the quantity and quality of this fruit. On the other side, irradiation has been developed as a standard quarantine treatment to disinfest fruit fly on fruit. The objective of this research was to determine impact of irradiation by Cobalt-60 gamma-ray on the development and survivorship of eggs and the third instar of fruitfly larvae using in-vitro and in-vivo approaches and minimum dose of Cobalt-60 gamma rays applied for snake fruit. Six doses of gamma-ray, i.e. 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 Gy were used in this experiment. The results showed that Cobalt-60 disturbed development and survivor rate of B. dorsalis. The development of eggs into pupa was failed when treated with Cobalt-60 at any doses, while the third instar larvae failed to become adult when irradiated with 75, 100 and 150 Gy of gamma-ray. The impacts were increased with the increment of dose. Furthermore, impact of gamma-ray irradiation was greater on eggs compared to the third instar of larvae. The minimum dose of irradiation to prevent adults emerge was 118 Gy.
Natural and Resource Potential of the Region as Part of Investment Resources: Evidence from the Ganja-Gazakh Economic Region of Azerbaijan
Authors: Hasanov A.A. , Khan-Khoyskaya I.V. , Bagirova A.M.
Published: April 2020

Subject. The article describes natural resource capabilities of the Ganja-Gazakh Economic Region of Azerbaijan, with the diversity, quantity, quality, exploration degree and parameters of raw material source exploitation in the region being a cornerstone for this.
Objectives. The study is to promote such projects that involve an increase in both internal and external investment in the Ganja-Gazakh Economic Region. To achieve that, local authorities should improve the investment climate and prepare the acts – decisions within their areas of expertise that promote investments in the modernization of the industrial infrastructure and ensure that investors have access to the reliable information about the natural and resources potential of the region and its ecological situation.
Methods. The study is based on the systems analysis. The emergence principle, also known as the principle of irreducibility, i.e. properties of a whole are not equal to a sum of properties of its components, in our opinion, may serve as means of guidance in use of natural and resource potential in order to face challenges of investing in a specific region.
Results. We assessed the stock of the main natural resources types and revealed that the region’s environment severely suffered from the depletion and pollution aggravated by a growth in the consumption of natural resources consumption grows.
Conclusions and Relevance. It is necessary to boost investment not only in projects for further use of natural resources but also in priority programs aiming at the recovery and preservation of the environment.
The Foreign Practice of Large Merger & Acquisitions in the Public Sector of the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Shimko O.V.
Published: April 2020

Subject. The article analyzes 12 major M&A deals in the public sector of the oil and gas industry in 2000–2019. Industry indicators are measured on the basis of data from ExxonMobil, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Occidental Petroleum, Devon Energy, Anadarko Petroleum, EOG Resources, Apache, Marathon Oil, Imperial Oil, Suncor Energy, Husky Energy, Canadian Natural Resources, Royal Dutch Shell, BP, TOTAL, Eni, Equinor (Statoil), PetroChina, Sinopec, CNOOC, Petrobras, Gasprom, Rosneft Oil Company and LUKOIL.
Objectives. I study on what terms M&A are concluded in the public sector of the oil industry and analyze the approval and changes in the current premium for control over the ratio of share capital to market capitalization. The article also evaluates how the above deals influenced the market capitalization of companies.
Methods. The study employs methods of statistical analysis and summarizing official annual reports on financial and business performance and news releases of major State-owned oil and gas corporations.
Results. Having analyzed 12 major M&A in the public sector of the oil and gas industry comprehensively, I traced trends in terms on which such deals are concluded and determined their consequences.
Conclusions and Relevance. In the public sector of the oil and gas industry, M&A are found to depend on capitalization, but also sometimes refer to the difference between the market value of assets and liabilities. In the industry, share capital control premium is noted to grow, thus exceeding half of capitalization. Therefore, the least acceptable factors include a combination of high oil prices, commensuration of companies’ capitalization, compensation for share capital and high control premium. On the contrary, market capitalization significantly improved in case of deals implying the compensation with stocks, which took placed during low oil prices.
The IPO Market: Global Practices, Development Trends and IPO in Kazakhstan
Authors: Nurasheva K.K. , Mergenbaeva A.T. , Kulanova D.A. , Abdikerimova G.I.
Published: April 2020

Subject. The article discusses the stock market of Kazakhstan, which is crucial for the economy. Its weaknesses inhibit the development and impedes market reforms. We review IPO as a segment of the stock market.
Objectives. The study analyzed the global IPO market in terms of the number of placements and volume of capital. We also review what made investment initiatives a success or a failure, investigating milestones of the IPO market evolution in Kazakhstan and formulating our proposals for its further growth.
Methods. The study applies methods of relevant sampling, logical reasoning, data grouping, systems and statistical analyses. We intensively used the content analysis of available sources.
Results. The IPO market develops in a different manner across countries. Analyzing major placements, even the risk assessment is found to not necessarily make a placement a success. Weak development institutions, unstable banking sector inhibit the development of Kazakhstan's stock market. The first attempts of IPO resulted in a low capitalization of stocks, high volatility due to small volumes. Kazakh IPOs are exposed to the risk associated with ownership, enterprise privatization, uncertainty of price and tariff regulation. Common people do not have enough skills and money to offer their funds in the local stock market. We suggest making the corporate operations more transparent, labeling them as public, determine clear guarantees for common shareholders The suggestions concerning Kazakhstan's IPO market will strengthen the stock market. Research is also useful to emerging economies.
Conclusions and Relevance. Kazakh IPO does not meet the development level of the economy. The Kazakh authorities shall be decisive to fairly distribute income, ensure a growth in people's wellbeing, thus expanding their opportunities for acquiring securities. Laws should be refined and enhanced in terms of shareholders' rights protection, transparency of corporate operations, broad involvement of people into operations of stock markets.
An analysis of the practice of marketing management of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation subjects
Authors: Artashinа I.A. , Dudina V.Yu. , Zhul'kova Yu.N.
Published: April 2020

Subject. This article considers the system of strategic planning documents as a scientific and practical basis for achieving the goal of improving the well-being of the population by increasing investment activity and the competitiveness of the regional economy.
Objectives. The article aims to explore the possibilities and features of the application of marketing technologies in the effective management of the development of the Russian Federation constituent entities.
Methods. For the study, we used the methods of general scientific and statistical research, content analysis, and data visualization techniques.
Results. The article presents a brief analytical overview of strategic planning documents and analysis of the possibilities of using modern marketing tools. The article also highlights the use of marketing to improve the competitiveness of a particular area, taking into account the experience of leader regions.
Conclusions. Modern strategic documents regulating the development of regions have some contradictions in terms of the characteristics of the state of the Russian Federation subjects concerning various indicators of development. The problems and practicalities of addressing them need to be more clearly identified. The results of the study can be used by regional and municipal authorities to develop plans to improve the strategic management of the areas' development.
Managing the intra-regional differentiation as a tool to increase the level of socioeconomic development of the region
Authors: Tikhii V.I. , Koreva O.V. , Rzaevа D.V.
Published: April 2020

Subject. The article addresses the intra-regional heterogeneity as a pattern of economic development, which is of great practical importance.
Objectives. We analyze the socioeconomic development of the territories of the Orel Oblast and the result-based management on the basis of eliminating the socio-economic disparities.
Methods. The paper employs methods of cluster analysis.
Results. We assess the socioeconomic development of the Orel Oblast through the formation of clusters. Particular attention is paid to prevailing differences between the regional center and other municipalities.
Conclusions. Intra-regional heterogeneity leads to a deformation of the structure of the regional economy and affects its efficiency, as well as the strategy and tactics of institutional transformations. It is crucial to develop inter-municipal cooperation that promotes the development of territories. Measures that are weakening the territorial heterogeneity include the reduction of administrative barriers, improvement of the management of investment processes, and transparency of business cooperation.
Institutional environment for the development of small business in the Mari El Republic: A tax aspect
Authors: Shakirova R.K.
Published: April 2020

Subject. Small business plays an important role in solving social and economic problems. Tax system is one of the most important institutions that have an impact on the activity of small enterprises.
Objectives. The purpose of the study is to formulate the priorities of tax policy in the Mari El Republic on the basis of assessing the level of small business development.
Methods. For the study, I used structural and analytical grouping, comparison, time series study as well as the abstract-logical techniques.
Results. The article assesses the implementation of the main target indicators of small business development in the Mari El Republic. The research is of a scientific and applied nature. Its results can be used to formulate a regional tax policy in the field of small and medium-sized business in Mari El Republic.
Conclusions. The provided opportunities in the field of tax regulation as well as the practicality of increasing regional competencies in the field of tax incentives for small business should be more used in the Mari El Republic.
Development of the agricultural industry of the Republic of Mordovia: Key trends and challenges
Authors: Al-Baydani I.J.A.
Published: April 2020

Subject. This article examines the issues related to the development of the agro-industrial complex and ensuring the food security of the Republic of Mordovia.
Objectives. The article aims to study the problems faced by the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Mordovia, and develop recommendations to address them.
Methods. For the study, I used an abstract-logical method, comparison, generalization, and statistical data and content analyses.
Results. The article describes specific problems of agricultural development of the Republic of Mordovia and provides certain recommendations to address some of them.
Conclusions. To increase the pace of development of the Republic's agro-industrial complex at the expense of farms of all categories, it is necessary to significantly improve the information support of this area and improve the skills of workers.
A comparative analysis of green economy development in border regions of the Silk Road economic belt
Authors: Bardakhanova T.B. , Eremko Z.S.
Published: April 2020

Subject. The article addresses green economy development in border regions of the Silk Road Economic Belt.
Objectives. The purpose of the study is to design a composite index of environmental management to analyze the green economy development.
Methods. The study employs economic and mathematical approaches and methods of statistical analysis.
Results. We developed groups of indicators that reflect various aspects of environmental management (environmental and resource efficiency, environmental quality of life, natural assets, institutional factors, i.e. activities and policy tools that affect the state of environment). The paper presents a methodology for quantitative assessment of the composite Environmental Management Index, which consists of several steps.
Conclusions. The performed study complements the results obtained by other researchers. The presented methodology rests on the formation of a system of criteria for assessing the green economy development. The use of methodological approach permits the objective evaluation of the level of green economy development in model territories. Testing the developed methods and quantifying the composite Environmental Management Index enable to make a classification of model territories, to identify factors affecting the green economy development.