bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Voice‐ and swallow‐related quality of life in idiopathic Parkinson's disease
Authors: van Hooren Michel R. A. , Baijens Laura W. J. , Vos Rein , Pilz Walmari , Kuijpers Laura M. F. , Kremer Bernd , Michou Emilia
Published: July 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

This study explores whether changes in voice‐ and swallow‐related QoL are associated with progression of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). Furthermore, it examines the relationship between patients' perception of both voice and swallowing disorders in IPD.

Study Design

Prospective clinical study, quality of life (QoL).

Methods

One‐hundred mentally competent IPD patients with voice and swallowing complaints were asked to answer four QoL questionnaires (Voice Handicap Index, MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory, Visual Analog Scale [VAS] voice, and Dysphagia Severity Scale [DSS]). Differences in means for the QoL questionnaires and their subscales within Hoehn and Yahr stage groups were calculated using one‐way analysis of variance. The relationship between voice‐ and swallow‐related QoL questionnaires was determined with the Spearman correlation coefficient.

Results

Scores on both voice and swallow questionnaires suggest an overall decrease in QoL with progression of IPD. A plateau in QoL for VAS voice and the DSS was seen in the early Hoehn and Yahr stages. Finally, scores on voice‐related QoL questionnaires were significantly correlated with swallow‐related QoL outcomes.

Conclusions

Voice‐ and swallow‐related QoL decreases with progression of IPD. A significant association was found between voice‐ and swallow‐related QoL questionnaires. Healthcare professionals can benefit from voice‐ and swallow‐related QoL questionnaires in a multidimensional voice‐ or swallow‐assessment protocol. The patient's perception of his/her voice and swallowing disorders and its impact on QoL in IPD should not be disregarded.

Level of Evidence

2b Laryngoscope, 126:408–414, 2016
A Dilemma in the Glycosaminoglycan‐Based Therapy: Synthetic or Naturally Unique Molecules?
Authors: Pomin Vitor H.
Published: July 2015

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are widely explored in the biomedical market as functional ingredients in pharmaceutical or nutraceutical preparations. This extensive application of GAGs is justified by their multiple activities across several systems including, but not limited to, coagulation, thrombosis, inflammation, cancer, angiogenesis, cell differentiation, tissue repair, and microbial infections. Therapeutic GAGs are commonly extracted from mammalian tissues. Although functional in diverse systems, mammalian GAGs present serious downsides in therapy such as contamination risk from the mammalian tissues. In order to overcome some of the downsides, two new GAG sources have been appearing as alternatives to the mammalian‐derived molecules. They are the synthetic GAGs and those extracted from nonmammalian origins such as invertebrate animals. This report overviews the general aspects of each GAG alternative and compares critically their pros and cons attributes in light of the prospects for the future of GAG‐based therapy.
Molecular mechanism of a new Laminaria japonica polysaccharide on the suppression of macrophage foam cell formation via regulating cellular lipid metabolism and suppressing cellular inflammation
Authors: Zha Xue‐Qiang , Xue Lei , Zhang Hai‐Lin , Asghar Muhammad‐Naeem , Pan Li‐Hua , Liu Jian , Luo Jian‐Ping
Published: July 2015

Scope

Laminaria japonica is an important marine vegetable with great health benefits for preventing atherosclerosis. Since the foam cell formation is an important hallmark for the initiation of atherosclerosis, we examined the effect and underlying mechanism of a purified L. japonica polysaccharide (LJP61A) on the suppression of macrophage foam cell formation in this study. The chemical structure was further characterized.

Methods and results

Using oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)‐induced foam cell model, we found that the cellular lipid accumulation was significantly attenuated by 25 μg/mL LJP61A. Meanwhile, LJP61A caused a remarkable decrease in mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ that was accompanied by the reduction of CD36 and Acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase‐1 mRNA levels, and the enhancement of ATP‐binding cassette transporters A1 and scavenger receptor B1 mRNA levels. Besides these, the ox‐LDL‐induced cellular inflammation was also restricted by LJP61A treatment via mammalian target of rapamycin‐mediated Toll‐like receptor 2/4‐Mitogen‐activated protein kinases/nuclear factor kappa‐B pathways. The structure of LJP61A was characterized as a repeating unit consisting of →3,6)‐α‐d‐Manp‐(1→, →4)‐α‐d‐Manp‐(1→, →4)‐2‐O‐acetyl‐β‐d‐Glcp‐(1→, →4)‐β‐d‐Glcp‐(1→, →6)‐4‐O‐SO3‐β‐d‐Galp‐(1→, →6)‐β‐d‐Galp‐(1→, →3)‐β‐d‐Galp‐(1→, and a terminal residue of α‐d‐Glcp‐(1→.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that LJP61A inhibits the conversion of macrophage into foam cell via regulating cellular lipid metabolism and suppressing cellular inflammation.
Muscle histopathology in children with spastic cerebral palsy receiving botulinum toxin type A
Authors: Valentine Jane , Stannage Katherine , Fabian Vicki , Ellis Kevin , Reid Siobhan , Pitcher Christian , Elliott Catherine
Published: July 2015

Introduction:Botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) is routine treatment for hypertonicity in children with cerebral palsy (CP).Methods:This single‐blind, prospective, cross‐sectional study of 10 participants (mean age 11 years 7 months) was done to determine the relationship between muscle histopathology and BoNTA in treated medial gastrocnemius muscle of children with CP. Open muscle biopsies were taken from medial gastrocnemius muscle and vastus lateralis (control) during orthopedic surgery.Results:Neurogenic atrophy in the medial gastrocnemius was seen in 6 participants between 4 months and 3 years post‐BoNTA. Type 1 fiber loss with type 2 fiber predominance was significantly related to the number of BoNTA injections (r= 0.89,P< 0.001).Conclusions:The impact of these changes in muscle morphology on muscle function in CP is not clear. It is important to consider rotating muscle selection or injection sites within the muscle or allowing longer time between injections.Muscle Nerve53: 407–414, 2016
Challenging obesity: Patient, provider, and expert perspectives on the roles of available and emerging nonsurgical therapies
Authors: Apovian Caroline M. , Garvey W. Timothy , Ryan Donna H.
Published: July 2015

Objective

Adult obesity is recognized as a chronic disease. According to principles of chronic disease management, healthcare professionals should work collaboratively with patients to determine appropriate therapeutic strategies that address overweight and obesity, specifically considering a patient's disease status in addition to their individual needs, preferences, and attitudes regarding treatment. A central role and responsibility of healthcare professionals in this process is to inform and educate patients about their treatment options. Although current recommendations for the management of adult obesity provide general guidance regarding safe and proper implementation of lifestyle, pharmacological, and surgical interventions, healthcare professionals need awareness of specific evidence‐based information that supports individualized clinical application of these therapies. More specifically, healthcare professionals should be up‐to‐date on approaches that promote successful lifestyle management and be knowledgeable about newer weight loss pharmacotherapies, so they can offer patients with obesity a wide range of options to personalize their treatment. Accordingly, this educational activity has been developed to provide participants with the latest information on treatment recommendations and therapeutic advances in lifestyle intervention and pharmacotherapy for adult obesity management.

Design and Methods

This supplement is based on the content presented at a live CME symposium held in conjunction with ObesityWeek 2014.

Results

This supplement provides an expert summary of current treatment recommendations and recent advances in nonsurgical therapies for the management of adult obesity. Patient and provider perspectives on obesity management are highlighted in embedded video clips available via QR codes, and new evidence will be applied using clinically relevant case studies.

Conclusions

This supplement provides a topical update of obesity management, including clinical practice examples, for healthcare professionals who treat or provide care for adults with obesity.
Cthrc1 controls adipose tissue formation, body composition, and physical activity
Authors: Stohn J. Patrizia , Wang Qiaozeng , Siviski Matthew E. , Kennedy Kevin , Jin Yong‐Ri , Kacer Doreen , DeMambro Victoria , Liaw Lucy , Vary Calvin P. , Rosen Clifford J. , Prudovsky Igor , Lindner Volkhard
Published: July 2015

Objective

This study investigated the effects of loss of Cthrc1 on adipogenesis, body composition, metabolism, physical activity, and muscle physiology.

Methods

Complete metabolic and activity monitoring as well as grip strength measurements and muscle myography was performed in Cthrc1 null and wildtype mice.

Results

Compared to wildtypes, Cthrc1 null mice had similar body weights but significantly reduced energy expenditure, decreased lean mass, and increased fat mass, especially visceral fat. In vitro studies demonstrated that Cthrc1 inhibited adipocyte differentiation as well as PPAR and CREB reporter activity, while preadipocytes isolated from Cthrc1 null mice exhibited enhanced adipogenic differentiation. Voluntary physical activity in Cthrc1 null mice as assessed by wheel running was reduced to approximately half the distance covered by wildtypes. Reduced grip strength was observed in Cthrc1 null mice at the age of 15 weeks or older with reduced performance and mass of fast‐twitch muscle. In the brain, Cthrc1 expression was most prominent in neurons of thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei with evidence for secretion into the circulation in the median eminence.

Conclusions

Our data indicate that Cthrc1 regulates body composition through inhibition of adipogenesis. In addition, central Cthrc1 may be a mediator of muscle function and physical activity.
Empowered to Play: A Case Study Describing the Impact of Powered Mobility on the Exploratory Play of Disabled Children
Authors: Sonday Amshuda , Gretschel Pam
Published: July 2015

Exploratory play is one of the most vital ways in which children learn about their environment and develop. It is well documented that limited mobility restricts a child's ability to engage in their environment through exploratory play. In this study, a qualitative, collective case study design explored the impact of powered mobility on the exploratory play of two children with physical disabilities. Data were collected from the children, their parents and their siblings through participant observation and in‐depth, informal interviews. This paper focuses on two themes: Opportunity to Play revealed how powered mobility increased opportunities for the children to become more actively engaged in exploratory play with others across a wider array of contexts, and My Child was Transformed highlighted significant changes in the affect and motivation of each child, which seemed to be linked to their increased internal control over their play choices. The findings suggest that the provision of powered mobility is a key contributor promoting the participation of physically disabled children in exploratory play. Because of undergraduate curricular constraints, a limitation of this study was that data were only confined to 2 months; affecting the depth of data gained that prolonged engagement would have offered. The study recommends for occupational therapy practice that occupational therapists advocate for easier access to powered mobility through governmental and policy means. The study also recommends further research be conducted on the experiences of the caregivers on how these powered mobility devices have influenced their day‐to‐day occupations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biodegradable poly(lactic‐acid)/poly(trimethylene‐carbonate)/laponite composite film: development and application to the packaging of mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus)
Authors: Liu Dong , Li Hongli , Zhou Guoxian , Yuan Minglong , Qin Yuyue
Published: July 2015

The effects of laponite (0, 1, 2, and 3 wt%) on poly(lactic‐acid)/poly(trimethylene‐carbonate) (PLA/PTMC) composite film properties were studied, and the effects of the use of such composite films on the postharvest quality of mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) were determined. An increase in the laponite contents enhanced the toughness and water vapor permeability (WVP) of the PLA/PTMC/laponite composite films. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that the crystallinity of the PLA phase increased by the presence of laponite filler. The PLA/PTMC/laponite composite films reduced the softening of mushrooms, but were not effective at reducing weight loss. The CO2 level inside of the PLA/PTMC/laponite composite films was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those inside of the LDPE film, but the O2 level was similar in all packages. The overall acceptability of mushrooms packed in the PLA/PTMC/L2 and PLA/PTMC/L3 films remained good and within the limits of marketability after 12 d of storage. These results support the applicability of laponite filler in PLA/PTMC blend films and the use of these composite films in the packaging of mushrooms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphological, structural, molecular docking and biocidal studies of newly synthesized Ppy‐MA/TiO2 nanocomposites
Authors: Nami Shahab A. A. , Arshad Mohammad , Khan Mohd Shoeb , Alam Mahboob , Lee Dong‐Ung , Park Soonheum , Sarikavakli Nursabah
Published: July 2015

The present paper describes the chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole and methyl anthranilate, Ppy‐MA, in different molar ratios in high yields. The polymerization takes place in the presence of H2O2 and FeSO4. Subsequently, electrically conducting nanocomposites Ppy‐MA/TiO2 were obtained by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization using TiO2 nanoparticles in different molar ratios. The structure and morphology of black powdered copolymers, Ppy‐MA, and their nanocomposites, Ppy‐MA/TiO2, were ascertained using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray differential, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential thermal analysis. These studies have shown that the nanocomposites, Ppy‐MA/TiO2, are thermally more stable, good electrical conductors as compared with their copolymers Ppy‐MA.

The copolymers Ppy‐MA prepared from different monomer ratios and its nanocomposites Ppy‐MA/TiO2 have been screened for their possible in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus pyogenes (MTCC 435), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MTCC 435), Bacillus cereus (MTCC 430), Corynebacterium xerosis (ATCC 373), Acetobacter bovis (Clinical isolate), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC 109), Proteus vulgaris (MTCC 426), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 424) using ciprofloxacin and gentamicin as standard drugs. Moreover, the anthelmintic activities of copolymers Ppy‐MA and its nanocomposites Ppy‐MA/TiO2 have also been estimated against the standard drug, albendazole. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fulminant skin GvHD with a cytokine pattern resemblant of cytokine release syndrome successfully treated with multimodal immunosuppression including tocilizumab
Authors: Hellwig Yuliya , Yoo Young E. , Reß Marie L. , Andres Oliver , Braun Matthias , Schlegel Paul G. , Wölfl Matthias
Published: July 2015

Acute Graft‐versus‐Host‐Disease (GvHD) is a potentially life‐threatening complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. If not treated early and adequately, the complex immunological mechanisms may lead to a self‐perpetuating cycle of alloreactivity, which is then associated with a high mortality. Here we assessed the cytokine profile on a daily basis in a patient with grade 4 skin GvHD, demonstrating a signature resembling cytokine‐release‐syndrome. After multimodal immunosuppressive intervention, including treatment with the IL6 receptor‐blocking antibody tocilizumab, the severe clinical symptoms unexpectedly resolved within 48hr. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The pediatric hematology/oncology educational laboratory in‐training examination (PHOELIX): A formative evaluation of laboratory skills for Canadian pediatric hematology/oncology trainees
Authors: Leung Elaine , Dix David , Ford Jason , Barnard Dorothy , McBride Eileen
Published: July 2015

Background

Pediatric hematologists/oncologists need to be skilled clinicians, and must also be adept and knowledgeable in relevant areas of laboratory medicine. Canadian training programs in this subspecialty have a minimum requirement for 6 months of training in acquiring “relevant laboratory diagnostic skills.” The Canadian pediatric hematology/oncology (PHO) national specialty society, C17, recognized the need for an assessment method in laboratory skills for fellows graduating from PHO training programs.

Procedure

Canadian pediatric hematologists/oncologists were surveyed regarding what were felt to be the essential laboratory‐related knowledge and skills deemed necessary for graduating pediatric hematology/oncology trainees. The PHOELIX (Pediatric hematology/oncology educational laboratory in‐training examination) was then developed to provide an annual formative evaluation of laboratory skills in Canadian PHO trainees.

Results

The majority of PHO respondents (89%) felt that laboratory skills are important in clinical practice. An annual formative examination including review of glass slides was implemented starting in 2010; this provides feedback regarding knowledge of laboratory medicine to both trainees and program directors (PDs).

Conclusions

We have successfully created a formative examination that can be used to evaluate and educate trainees, as well as provide PDs with a tool to gauge the effectiveness of their laboratory training curriculum. Feedback has been positive from both trainees and PDs. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;9999:1–6. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patterns of acetaminophen medication use associated with exceeding the recommended maximum daily dose
Authors: Shiffman Saul , Rohay Jeffrey M. , Battista Deena , Kelly Judith P. , Malone Mary K. , Weinstein Rachel B. , Kaufman David W.
Published: July 2015

Background

Acetaminophen overuse has been linked to liver injury.

Purpose

To identify patterns of medication use associated with exceeding the recommended daily maximum dose of 4 g acetaminophen.

Methods

Respondents from a national panel completed a detailed daily medication diary online for 7 days (n = 5649), identifying medications taken from a comprehensive list of over‐the‐counter (OTC) and prescription (Rx) acetaminophen medications. Respondents were not told the study concerned acetaminophen. Total daily intake was calculated from diary data. Generalized estimating equations assessed the association of medication patterns with exceeding 4 g per day among 3618 respondents who used acetaminophen medications (on 13 852 days) during the diary period.

Results

Acetaminophen intake exceeded 4 g on 3.1% of usage days; median intake on those days was 5.5 g. As expected, days when intake exceeded 4 g were almost always (92%) marked by deviations from label directions—exceeding the one‐time dose, re‐dosing too soon, and concomitant use of multiple acetaminophen medications. Re‐dosing too soon was the most frequent deviation, and concomitant use was most strongly tied to exceeding the daily limit. Use of both an Rx and an OTC medication on the same day also increased the odds of exceeding 4 g on days when concomitant use occurred.

Conclusions

Excess dosing of acetaminophen is associated with deviations from label directions and by use of both OTC and Rx medications containing acetaminophen within a single concomitant use day. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bierdeckelsalto
Authors: Kuypers Friedhelm , Ucke Christian
Published: July 2015

Ein beliebtes Spiel besteht darin, einen auf einer Tischkante liegenden Bierdeckel von unten mit den ausgestreckten Fingern hochzuschnellen und dann nach einem oder mehreren Saltos zwischen Finger und Daumen wieder aufzufangen. Physikalisch gesehen, übt man einen Stoß auf den Bierdeckel aus. Die Anwendung von Impuls‐ und Drehimpulssatz führt zu einfachen Abschätzungen zur Mechanik des Bierdeckelsaltos. Mit Physik‐Simulationsprogrammen lässt sich dieses Experiment nachvollziehen. Highspeed‐Videos ergänzen Theorie und Simulation.
Sinn und Unsinn der strategischen Raketenabwehr
Authors: Alwardt Christian , Neuneck Götz
Published: July 2015

Seit Beginn der nuklearen Bedrohung durch Fernraketen werden Technologien entwickelt, getestet und stationiert, die angreifende Raketen im Flug zerstören sollen. Die bisherige Zuverlässigkeit von strategischen Raketenabwehrsystemen ist dabei umstritten, da man nur auf einfache Tests und Simulationen zurückgreifen kann. Mathematische Modelle zeigen, dass die heute in Europa stationierten Abfangraketen russische Raketen in Richtung USA nicht erreichen, da sie zu langsam sind. Bei stetiger Modernisierung kann sich dies aber ändern und zu einem Wettrüsten führen. Einige Staaten sehen dies als eine Gefahr für die strategische Stabilität und als ein wesentliches Hindernis für weitere nukleare Abrüstung an.
Klein aber wichtig – die Neutron‐Proton‐Massendifferenz
Authors: Dürr Stephan , Hoelbling Christian , Krieg Stefan , Szabo Kalman
Published: July 2015

Die Feinabstimmung physikalischer Größen ist entscheidend für die Struktur des Universums, die Entstehung von Materie und letztlich auch des Lebens. Eine dieser Größen ist die Massendifferenz von Proton und Neutron. Unser Team theoretischer Physiker konnte nun mit Hilfe der Gitter‐Quantenchromodynamik zeigen, dass sich diese Massendifferenz auf die Kombination von Massen und Ladungen der Quarks zurückführen lässt.
Fractionation of biogas plant sludge material improves metaproteomic characterization to investigate metabolic activity of microbial communities
Authors: Kohrs Fabian , Wolter Sophie , Benndorf Dirk , Heyer Robert , Hoffmann Marcus , Rapp Erdmann , Bremges Andreas , Sczyrba Alexander , Schlüter Andreas , Reichl Udo
Published: July 2015

With the development of high resolving mass spectrometers, metaproteomics evolved as a powerful tool to elucidate metabolic activity of microbial communities derived from full‐scale biogas plants. Due to the vast complexity of these microbiomes, application of suitable fractionation methods are indispensable, but often turn out to be time and cost intense, depending on the method used for protein separation. In this study, centrifugal fractionation has been applied for fractionation of two biogas sludge samples to analyze proteins extracted from (i) crude fibers, (ii) suspended microorganisms, and (iii) secreted proteins in the supernatant using a gel‐based approach followed by LC‐MS/MS identification. This fast and easy method turned out to be beneficial to both the quality of SDS‐PAGE and the identification of peptides and proteins compared to untreated samples. Additionally, a high functional metabolic pathway coverage was achieved by combining protein hits found exclusively in distinct fractions. Sample preparation using centrifugal fractionation influenced significantly the number and the types of proteins identified in the microbial metaproteomes. Thereby, comparing results from different proteomic or genomic studies, the impact of sample preparation should be considered. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001508 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD001508).
Proteomic profiling of the extracellular matrix (slime sheath) of Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Huber Robert J. , O'Day Danton H.
Published: July 2015

Dictyostelium discoideum has historically served as a model system for cell and developmental biology, but recently it has gained increasing attention as a model for the study of human diseases. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of this eukaryotic microbe serves multiple essential functions during development. It not only provides structural integrity to the moving multicellular pseudoplasmodium, or slug, it also provides components that regulate cell motility and differentiation. An LC/MS/MS analysis of slug ECM revealed the presence of a large number of proteins in two wild‐type strains, NC4 and WS380B. GO annotation identified a large number of proteins involved in some form of binding (e.g. protein, polysaccharide, cellulose, carbohydrate, ATP, cAMP, ion, lipid, vitamin), as well as proteins that modulate metabolic processes, cell movement, and multicellular development. In addition, this proteomic analysis identified numerous expected (e.g. EcmA, EcmD, discoidin I, discoidin II), as well as unexpected (e.g. ribosomal and nuclear proteins) components. These topics are discussed in terms of the structure and function of the ECM during the development of this model amoebozoan and their relevance to ongoing biomedical research.
Integration of RNA‐seq and proteomics data with genomics for improved genome annotation in Apicomplexan parasites
Authors: Silmon de Monerri Natalie C. , Weiss Louis M.
Published: July 2015

While high quality genomic sequence data is available for many pathogenic organisms, the corresponding gene annotations are often plagued with inaccuracies that can hinder research that utilizes such genomic data. Experimental validation of gene models is clearly crucial in improving such gene annotations; the field of proteogenomics is an emerging area of research wherein proteomic data is applied to testing and improving genetic models. Krishna et al. [Proteomics 2015, 15, 2618–2628] investigated whether incorporation of RNA‐seq data into proteogenomics analyses can contribute significantly to validation studies of genome annotation, in two important parasitic organisms Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. They applied a systematic approach to combine new and previously published proteomics data from T. gondii and N. caninum with transcriptomics data, leading to substantially improved gene models for these organisms. This study illustrates the importance of incorporating experimental data from both proteomics and RNA‐seq studies into routine genome annotation protocols.
Multi-Level Efficacy Evidence of a Combined Interprofessional Collaboration and Project Management Training Program for Healthcare Project Teams
Authors: Chiocchio François , Rabbat François , Lebel Paule
Published: July 2015

Project work is essential for the improvement of healthcare organizations; yet, project management and collaboration in the project context are not taught to healthcare professionals. Three half-day training workshops integrating project management and collaboration were designed and delivered to 14 interprofessional healthcare project teams. Multivariate measures were taken over the course of 36 weeks. Individual, team, and project-level results showed high satisfaction and perceptions of utility; improved self-efficacy for project-specific task work and teamwork; increased goal clarity and coordination; and a significant impact on the functional performance of projects. This study provides initial benchmark measures regarding the pertinence of project management and interprofessional collaboration training for healthcare project teams.
Employing Grounded Theory to Uncover Behavioral Competencies of Information Technology Project Managers
Authors: Dillon Stuart , Taylor Hazel
Published: July 2015

This study employs a unique combination of the grounded theory methodology (GTM) and Behavioral Event Interviews to explore the competencies of IT project managers. The findings largely support other studies using more traditional data collection approaches but also provide some new insights that warrant attention from practitioners and researchers alike. These insights include the importance of multiple modes of communication both internal to the project and also with external stakeholders. Some significant differences between the competencies of experienced and inexperienced project managers were also uncovered. Finally, the use of higher authorities to influence project stakeholders was observed.
Identifying cancer patients who alter care or lifestyle due to treatment‐related financial distress
Authors: Nipp Ryan D. , Zullig Leah L. , Samsa Gregory , Peppercorn Jeffrey M. , Schrag Deborah , Taylor Donald H. , Abernethy Amy P. , Zafar S. Yousuf
Published: July 2015

Background

Cancer patients may experience financial distress as a side effect of their care. Little is known about which patients are at greatest risk for altering their care or lifestyle due to treatment‐related financial distress.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional survey study to determine which patients are at greatest risk for altering their care or lifestyle due to treatment‐related financial distress. Eligible patients were adults receiving cancer treatment enrolled between June 2010 and May 2011. We grouped coping strategies as lifestyle altering or care altering. We assessed coping strategies and relationships between covariates using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance.

Results

Among 174 participants, 89% used at least one lifestyle‐altering coping strategy, while 39% used a care‐altering strategy. Care‐altering coping strategies adopted by patients included the following: not filling a prescription (28%) and taking less medication than prescribed (23%). Lifestyle‐altering strategies included the following: spending less on leisure activities (77%), spending less on basics like food and clothing (57%), borrowing money (54%), and spending savings (50%). Younger patients were more likely than older patients to use coping strategies (p < 0.001). Lower‐income patients adopted care‐altering strategies more than higher‐income patients (p = 0.03). Participants with more education and shorter duration of chemotherapy used lifestyle‐altering strategies more than their counterparts (both p < 0.05).

Conclusions

As a means of coping with treatment‐related financial distress, patients were more likely to use lifestyle‐altering approaches, but more than one‐third adopted potentially harmful care‐altering strategies. Younger age, lower income, higher education, and shorter duration of chemotherapy were characteristics associated with greater use of coping strategies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Very Large Cryoturbation Structures of Last Permafrost Maximum Age at the Foot of the Qilian Mountains (NE Tibet Plateau, China)
Authors: Vandenberghe J. , Wang X. , Vandenberghe D.
Published: July 2015

Unusually large cryoturbation structures (4–4.5 m amplitude), developed in channel gravels and overbank fine‐grained deposits of a river terrace on the NE Tibet Plateau, China, were formed by loadcasting as late Pleistocene‐age permafrost degraded. It is suggested that the oversaturation and liquefaction of the thawed sediments could have been achieved only if the amount of ice in the upper 4–4.5 m of terrace sediments had been very high. The structures, dated at around 26–20 ka by OSL, point to the presence of a massive icy layer existing within a permafrost body during the Last Permafrost Maximum. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probabilistic modeling of business interruption and reputational losses for process facilities
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Javad , Ahmed Salim , Khan Faisal
Published: July 2015

This article presents probabilistic models to estimate business losses due to abnormal situations in process facilities. The main elements of business loss are identified as business interruption loss and reputational loss. The business interruption insurance approach is used to model business interruption loss. The subelements of business interruption loss are modeled based on expert knowledge using Program Evaluation Review Technique, which are then integrated using the Monte Carlo simulation approach. The reputational loss is considered as Weibull distributed, and the parameters are estimated by applying a scenario‐based approach. Copula functions are then used to develop the distribution of the aggregate loss, considering the correlation between business interruption and reputational losses. The application of the loss models is demonstrated using a distillation column case study. The models presented here provide a mechanism to monitor process facility's business performance, with associated uncertainties, and to make swift operational and safety decisions. This will help to improve process facilities safety performance and optimal allocation of resources where they are needed the most. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 34: 373–382, 2015
Investigation on evaporation and suppression of SnS during fabrication of Cu2SnS3 thin films
Authors: Tang Zeguo , Kosaka Kiichi , Uegaki Hikaru , Chantana Jakapan , Nukui Yuki , Hironiwa Daisuke , Minemoto Takashi
Published: July 2015

Reaction processes for fabrication of Cu2SnS3 (CTS) thin films by sulfurization of Cu–Sn precursors are investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The results reveal that the S atoms first react with Cu and Sn atoms to produce Cu2–xS, SnS2 and SnS intermediate phases, and it is noted that the bilayer features, i.e., Cu2–xS is located near the surface while SnS and SnS2 are situated at the bottom, are observed initially with the temperature lower than 400 °C. As the temperature increases, these intermediate phases react with each other to form the final CTS phase. Simultaneously, the evaporation of SnS is accompanied by the reaction and consequent voids are formed in the resulting films. In addition, the evaporation of SnS can be suppressed by performing the sulfurization in a sealed space, which is attributed to the increase of partial pressure of SnS and S. A conversion efficiency of 1.2% for a solar cell with structure of Al/ZnO:Al/ZnO/CdS/CTS/Mo/soda lime glass is demonstrated.
Size‐dependent luminescence of color centers in composite nanodiamonds
Authors: Shershulin Vladimir A. , Sedov Vadim S. , Ermakova Anna , Jantzen Uwe , Rogers Lachlan , Huhlina Anastasia A. , Teverovskaya Ekaterina G. , Ralchenko Victor G. , Jelezko Fedor , Vlasov Igor I.
Published: July 2015

Luminescence properties of nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) and silicon‐vacancy (SiV) centers were investigated for the series of O‐terminated composite nanodiamonds consisting of a high‐pressure–high‐temperature (HPHT) diamond core and a chemical‐vapor‐deposition (CVD) diamond outer layer of different thickness. It was found that emission of NV and SiV centers cease to “feel” the diamond surface at a distance of 12 and 4 nm, respectively, from it. This finding determines minimum sizes of O‐terminated nanodiamonds in which stable single photon emitters could be formed based on NV and SiV centers. Suggested composite diamond nanostructure are optimal for design of two‐color luminescent markers.

The studied diamond nanoparticles present composite structure of “core‐outer layer” type. The core is 20 nm HPHT diamond containing NV centers, whereas outer diamond layer containing SiV centers is formed by CVD synthesis.
Implementing the Ratio Test Statistic to Compare Two Suppliers for Linear Profiles
Authors: Wang Fu‐Kwun , Tamirat Yeneneh
Published: July 2015

Comparing the process yield for linear profiles is an essential task in managing supply chains. This paper proposes the ratio test statistic based on the process yield index to compare two suppliers for linear profiles. The statistical properties of the ratio test statistic are presented. A simulation study was conducted to compare our proposed method with the different test statistic method. The results indicate that our proposed method is compatible with the different test statistic method. The critical values and the number of profiles required under a given type‐I and type‐II errors are calculated for determining the comparison decision. The results of the paper provide useful information to practitioners. A real data set is used to illustrate the applicability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Universality of random graphs and rainbow embedding
Authors: Ferber Asaf , Nenadov Rajko , Peter Ueli
Published: July 2015

In this paper we show how to use simple partitioning lemmas in order to embed spanning graphs in a typical member of . Let the maximum density of a graph H be the maximum average degree of all the subgraphs of H. First, we show that for , a graph w.h.p. contains copies of all spanning graphs H with maximum degree at most Δ and maximum density at most d. For , this improves a result of Dellamonica, Kohayakawa, Rödl and Rucińcki. Next, we show that if we additionally restrict the spanning graphs to have girth at least 7 then the random graph contains w.h.p. all such graphs for . In particular, if , the random graph therefore contains w.h.p. every spanning tree with maximum degree bounded by Δ. This improves a result of Johannsen, Krivelevich and Samotij.

Finally, in the same spirit, we show that for any spanning graph H with constant maximum degree, and for suitable p, if we randomly color the edges of a graph with colors, then w.h.p. there exists a rainbow copy of H in G (that is, a copy of H with all edges colored with distinct colors). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 48, 546–564, 2016
Confocal microscopy evaluation of the effect of irrigants on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm: An in vitro study
Authors: Flach Nicole , Böttcher Daiana Elisabeth , Parolo Clarissa Cavalcanti Fatturi , Firmino Luciana Bitello , Malt Marisa , Lammers Marcelo Lazzaron , Grecca Fabiana Soares
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effectiveness of two endodontic irrigants and their association against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Twenty‐four bovine incisors were inoculated in a monoculture of E. faecalis for 21 days. After this period, the teeth were divided into three test groups (n = 5) according to the chemical used. Group 1: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), group 2: 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX), group 3: 2.5% NaOCl + 2% CHX gel, and two control groups (n = 3): negative control group (NCG)—sterile and without root canals preparation and positive control group (PCG)—saline. Then, the samples were stained with SYTO9 and propidium iodide and subjected to analysis by CLSM. Bacterial viability was quantitatively analyzed by the proportions of dead and live bacteria in the biofilm remnants. Statistical analysis was performed by the One‐way ANOVA test (p = 0.05). No statistical differences were observed to bacterial viability. According to CLSM analysis, none of the tested substances could completely eliminate E. faecalis from the root canal space. Until now, there are no irrigant solutions able to completely eliminate E. faecalis from the root canal. In this regard, the search for irrigants able to intensify the antimicrobial action is of paramount importance. SCANNING 38:57–62, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transmutation of Personal Glucose Meters into Portable and Highly Sensitive Microbial Pathogen Detection Platform
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Chen Zhaowei , Gao Nan , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: July 2015

Herein, for the first time, we presented a simple and general approach by using personal glucose meters (PGM) for portable and ultrasensitive detection of microbial pathogens. Upon addition of pathogenic bacteria, glucoamylase‐quaternized magnetic nanoparticles (GA‐QMNPS) conjugates were disrupted by the competitive multivalent interactions between bacteria and QMNPS, resulting in the release of GA. After magnetic separation, the free GA could catalyze the hydrolysis of amylose into glucose for quantitative readout by PGM. In such way, PGM was transmuted into a bacterial detection device and extremely low detection limits down to 20 cells mL‐1 was achieved. More importantly, QMNPS could inhibit the growth of the bacteria and destroy its cellular structure, which enabled bacteria detection and inhibition simultaneously. The simplicity, portability, sensitivity and low cost of presented work make it attractive for clinical applications.
The Eye of the Beholder: A Case Example of Changing Clients' Perspectives Through Involvement in the Model Validation Process
Authors: van Nistelrooij Lambertus P. J. , Rouwette Etiënne A.J.A. , Verstijnen Ilse M. , Vennix Jac A.M.
Published: July 2015

Validation is an important topic in the system dynamics field. A large body of knowledge addresses validation tests and procedures. However, the use of validation in practice and its results are scarcely reported. This is surprising as some authors assume that in order to build confidence in a model, it is crucial to at least communicate the validation process and its results. In this paper, we described a validation process in direct interaction with clients. We describe the tests and procedures we employed to iteratively build and validate a simulation model with the National Health Care Institute (The Netherlands) in a group model‐building setting. The involvement challenged the clients' opinions and in some cases led to changes in their mental models. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Excess Integrins Cause Lung Entrapment of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Shan , Guo Ling , Ge Jianfeng , Yu Lin , Cai Ting , Tian Ruiyun , Jiang Yuyang , Zhao Robert CH , Wu Yaojiong
Published: July 2015

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are largely entrapped in the lungs after intravenous delivery. The underlying mechanisms have been poorly understood. Flow cytometry and Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of many integrins such as β1, α5, and αVβ3 in MSCs increased markedly upon cultured expansion in 2D monolayers, whose ligands fibronectin and vitronectin were detected on the surface of vascular endothelial cells in the lungs by immunostaining and flow cytometry. Blockade of integrin β1, integrin α5, or integrins αVβ3 with functional blocking antibodies significantly decreased the amount of MSCs entrapped in the lungs following intravenous infusion as determined by real-time PCR and histological analysis; meanwhile, corresponding increases in the levels of circulating MSCs in the blood and MSCs homed to the ischemic myocardium and inflamed ear were found. Intriguingly, a short period of 3D spheroid culture of MSCs, which had been expanded for several passages in monolayers, substantially reduced the expression levels of many integrins and the number of MSCs entrapped in the lungs. Our results indicate that the excess expression and activation of integrins is a significant cause of lung entrapment of MSCs. Stem Cells  2015;33:3315–3326
Porcine cytomegalovirus infection is not associated to the occurrence of post‐weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
Authors: Cibulski Samuel Paulo , Pasqualim Gabriela , Teixeira Thais Fumaco , Varela Ana Paula Muterle , Dezen Diogenes , Holz Carine Lidiane , Franco Ana Cláudia , Roehe Paulo Michel
Published: July 2015

Porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) is a Betaherpesvirus that causes lifelong latent infections in swine; occasionally, it may be associated with inclusion body rhinitis in piglets and reproductive disorders in pregnant sows. Post‐weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) a condition where porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection is necessary – though not sufficient – to trigger disease, has become one of the major health problems to the porcine productive chain. Despite the high expected prevalence of both PCMV and PCV2 in swine‐raising farms, no links between PCMV and PMWS have been investigated so far. In view of that, the present study was conducted to search for relations between PCMV infections and the occurrence of PMWS. Spleen and sera of PMWS‐affected and non‐PWMS‐affected animals were examined. In PMWS‐affected animals, PCMV DNA was detected in 88.4% of the spleen samples and 7.6% of the sera, whereas in non‐PMWS‐affected pigs, PCMV DNA was detected in 72.7% of the spleens and 10% of sera. Such differences were not statistically significant. These findings showed despite the high prevalence of PCMV infections in the swine population examined, no positive or negative association could be inferred from the presence of PCMV DNA and the occurrence of PMWS.
Robust geocast routing protocols for safety and comfort applications in VANETs
Authors: Bousbaa Fatima Zohra , Zhou Fen , Lagraa Nasreddine , Yagoubi Mohamed Bachir
Published: July 2015

Routing in cooperative vehicular networks is a challenging task because of high mobility of vehicles and difficulty of localization. In this paper, we study the geocast routing problem in Vehicular Ad‐hoc NETworks (VANETs), which aims at delivering data to a specific group of mobile vehicles identified by their geographical location. Although many geocast routing protocols have been proposed, only partial inherent constraints of VANETs (such as mobility, internal network fragmentation problem, external network fragmentation problem, and overload) are taken into account. Therefore, we propose two novel and robust geocast routing protocols: the first one, called Robust Geocast Routing Protocol for Safety Applications (RGRP‐SA), is dedicated to road safety applications, while the second, namely, Robust Geocast Routing Protocol for Comfort Applications (RGRP‐CA), is designed for comfort applications. Simulations conducted in NS‐2 demonstrate that our safety‐oriented RGRP‐SA protocol outperforms Inter‐Vehicle Geocast protocol and Mobicast Routing Protocol in VANETs by sending up to 25% more packets, cutting the end‐to‐end delay in half, and solving the internal network fragmentation problem. Besides, it is also shown that our comfort‐oriented RGRP‐CA protocol serves well comfort applications with only light overhead by solving internal and external network fragmentation problems and providing more reliable data delivery (with a 25% higher packet delivery ratio) and higher network throughput utilization in comparison with Mobicast with Carry‐and‐Forward protocol. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minimally Invasive Distal Pancreatectomy for Cancer: Short‐Term Oncologic Outcomes in 1733 Patients
Authors: Adam Mohamed Abdelgadir , Choudhury Kingshuk , Goffredo Paolo , Reed Shelby D. , Blazer Dan , Roman Sanziana A. , Sosa Julie A.
Published: July 2015

Background

Data from high‐volume institutions suggest that minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MIDP) provides favorable perioperative outcomes and adequate oncologic resection for pancreatic cancer; however, these outcomes may not be generalizable. This study examines patterns of use and short‐term outcomes from MIDP (laparoscopic or robotic) versus open distal pancreatectomy (ODP) for pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the United States.

Methods

Adult patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy were identified from the National Cancer Database, 2010–2011. Multivariable modeling was applied to compare short‐term outcomes from MIDP versus ODP for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Results

1733 patients met inclusion criteria: 535 (31 %) had MIDP and 1198 (69 %) ODP. Use of MIDP increased 43 % between 2010 and 2011; the conversion rate from MIDP to ODP was 23 %. MIDP cases were performed at 215 hospitals, with 85 % of hospitals performing <10 cases overall. After adjustment, pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients undergoing MIDP versus ODP had a similar likelihood of complete resection (OR 1.48, p = 0.10), number of lymph nodes removed (RR 1.01, p = 0.91), and 30‐day readmission rate (OR 1.02, p = 0.96); however, length of stay was shorter (RR 0.84, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Use of MIDP for cancer is increasing, with most centers performing a low volume of these procedures. Use of MIDP for body and tail pancreatic adenocarcinoma appears to have short‐term outcomes that are similar to those of open procedures with the benefit of a shorter hospital stay. Larger studies with longer follow‐up are needed.