bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food Sanitation and Hygiene Practice in Foods Purchasing during the Early Period of Covid19 Pandemic in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia: An Online Study
Authors: Arfines Prisca Petty , Sitorus Nikson , Saptarini Ika , Rosha Bunga Christita , Amaliah Nurillah
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The Covid19 pandemic has greatly impacted all aspects of life, including the behavior of food purchasing. This study aims to identify the description of food hygiene and sanitation practices as part of the food safety aspect in the practice of food purchasing in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: Data collection was conducted online in May 2020 from 411 respondents including data on sociodemographic, the proxy of knowledge level, perceptions, sources of information related to food handling, and the practice of food sanitation, and hygiene during the pandemic. Food sanitation and hygiene practices were assessed using a composite index of variables based on the Five Keys to Safer Food and preventive measures during the pandemic. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess factors associated with food sanitation and hygiene practices. Results and Discussion: Sufficient practice on food sanitation and hygiene is still relatively low (41.6%). An increased risk of poor food sanitation and hygiene practices was observed in people with less attention on the virus transmission while doing direct shopping, had a non-permanent job, single source of information on food handling during a pandemic, and were currently not married. Changes in the frequency of direct food purchasing and method of online food purchasing were shown as protective factors to better food and sanitation hygiene practice. Conclusion: The food sanitation hygiene practices of consumers during the pandemic in Indonesia are classified as unfavorable. Educational interventions using multi-source of media information are recommended to promote good hygiene food sanitation practices during the pandemic.
Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Air Pollutants in Online Motorcycle Taxi Drivers in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta
Authors: Simatupang Meithyra Melviana , Veronika Erna , Irfandi Ahmad , Garmini Rahmi
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Online motorcycle taxi drivers spend most of their time outside as either driving or waiting for their customers. Therefore, chances of exposure to various air pollutants are higher and may cause various health problems, especially the respiratory problems. Methods: This is a descriptive study that used the Environmental Health Risk Analysis method to estimate the Risk Quotient (RQ) from exposure to PM10, SO2, CO, O3, and NO2 in drivers. The RQ was calculated based on exposure concentrations from the Special Capital Region of Jakarta Environment Agency; daily working hours, working days in a year, and working period obtained from interviews; additionally, body weight measurement, reference concentration (RfC), and the default value of inhalation intake were also collected. The population of this study was adult online motorcycle taxi drivers who operate around areas which become the air quality measurement stations in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta with a total sample of 81 people. Results and Discussion: The RQ for all minimum, average, and maximum concentrations of SO2, CO, and NO2 were <1. While for the average and maximum concentrations of PM10 and the maximum concentration of O3, the RQ was >1. The safe concentrations, work duration, and the number of working days also surpassed the maximum safety limit levels. Conclusion: PM10 and O3 ambient exposures are categorized unsafe for drivers. Environmental health efforts are necessary to reduce the concentration of air pollutants, and the guidelines to reduce pollutants exposure should be provided for drivers.
Malaria Incidence Trends and Their Association with Climatic Variables in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 2014–2020
Authors: Ridha Muhammad Rasyid , Indriyati Liestiana , Juhairiyah Juhairiyah , Kusumaningtyas Harninda
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Malaria is still a worldwide health problem, which includes Indonesia. Vector-borne diseases are climate-sensitive and this has raised extended concern over the implications of global climate change on future disease risk. This study aims to analyze the relationship between climate factors and malaria cases in East Kalimantan Province as an illustration to assist the malaria elimination program. Methods: Laboratory confirmation of malaria cases 2014-2020 was analyzed for trends derived from the E-Sismal data. Decomposition analysis was performed to assess seasonality. Climatic data (humidity, temperature, and rainfall) were analyzed with the incidence of malaria using Spearman rank correlation and model analysis with Poisson regression. Results and Discussion: The API value did not decrease significantly, which was only 0.07% from 2014 to 2020, but there was a change in the number based on the type of parasite from Plasmodium falciparum to vivax, which means that program intervention efforts have occurred, while Plasmodium vivax can relapse. There was a seasonal trend decomposition of monthly Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax from December to March. Relative humidity shows a positive correlation while monthly temperature shows a negative correlation with P. vivax malaria cases each month. Conclusion: The outputs from this study are going to be useful at numerous levels of decision-making, for example, in fitting associate early warning and property methods for temperature change and climate change adaptation for malaria infection management programs in East Kalimantan.
Coronary Heart Disease Risk Prediction Using Binary Logistic Regression Based on Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Azhari M Fauzan , Fitriani Farah Ayu
Published: May 2022

Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO), one type of heart disease namely coronary heart disease is the deadliest disease in the world. In 2016 at least 9,4 million people died caused by coronary heart disease. In Indonesia, deaths caused by heart disease, blood vessel (CVD), and respiratory disorders are the fourth highest in ASEAN (23,1%). Because of the danger of coronary heart disease, we need a system or model that can predict heart disease early, so that it can be treated early and can reduce the death rate caused by heart disease. This study uses principal component analysis (PCA) to make a linear combination of variables that have a high correlation so that the assumption of multicollinearity in the data can be resolved. For the prediction, this study uses binary logistic regression to predict heart disease based on existing factors. The result of the PCA there is 7 component variables with a total variance that can be explained as much as 72,9%. From the Bartlett test of the PCA data, the obtained p-value is 1 which means that there is no multicollinearity in the data. Predictive analysis using binary logistic regression based on PCA’s data was proven to increase the accuracy to 85%.
Automatic Failure Mode and Effect Analysis of Electronic Fuel Injection Model
Authors: Lee Dongwoo , Lee Dongmin , Na Jongwhoa
Published: May 2022

In the development of the safety-critical systems, it is important to perform Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) process to identify potential failures. However, traditional FMEA activities tend to be considered difficult and time-consuming tasks. To compensate for the difficulty of the FMEA task, various types of tools are used to increase the quality and the effectiveness of the FMEA reports. This paper explains an Automatic FMEA tool which integrates the Model-based Design (MBD), FMEA, and Simulated Fault Injection techniques in a single environment. The Automatic FMEA tool has the following advantages compared to the existing FMEA analysis tool. First, the Automatic FMEA tool automatically generates FMEA reports compared to the traditional spreadsheet-based FMEA tools. Second, the Automatic FMEA tool analyzes the causality between the failure modes and the failure effects by performing model-based fault injection simulation. In order to demonstrate the applicability of the Automatic FMEA, we used the electronic fuel injection system (EFI) Simulink model. The results of the Automatic FMEA were compared to that of the legacy FMEA.
Penentuan Warna Dasar dan Nondasar Dalam Bahasa Madura: Suatu Kajian Etnolinguistik
Authors: Fadhilah Nurul
Published: May 2022

Linguistically, colors are categorized into two parts, namely basic colors and non-basic colors. Each language has a different naming form and number of base colors. This research is descriptive qualitative which aims to determine the basic and non-basic colors in the Sumenep dialect of Madura. The data in this study is the color vocabulary of the Madurese language obtained from 18 informants with the help of research instruments in the form of 139 color cards on the standard color names on the web. The data found were analyzed using Berlin and Kay's (1969) universal color theory and combined with an ethnolinguistic approach to find cultural identity through the language used. As a result, the Madurese language has 6 basic color names, namely potѐ 'white', celleng 'black', mѐra 'red', bhiru 'green', konѐng 'yellow, and coklat 'chocolate', as well as 3 color names belonging to non-basic colors. , namely bhiru 'blue', bungo 'purple', and bubu 'grey'. The implicational hierarchy of basic colors in the Madurese language is different from the implicational hierarchy of the universal basic colors of Berlin and Kay which is the result of a study of 98 world languages. This proves that every language in the world has different color boundaries and different rules for classifying basic colors
Majas dan Citraan dalam Lirik Lagu Nadin Amizah pada Album Selamat Ulang Tahun (Sebuah Kajian Stilistika) Serta Relevansinya Sebagai Alternatif Bahan Ajar Sastra Indonesia di Sekolah Menengah Atas
Authors: Ningrum Wilda Elsiana , Muryati Sri , Suparmin Suparmin
Published: May 2022

This study aims to describe the figure of speech, imagery, and meanings that are in the lyrics of Nadin Amizah's song in the album “Selamat Ulang Tahun”. The research approach used is a qualitative approach with descriptive methods and is included in the type of literature study research. The data collection techniques used were listening techniques, reading techniques, hearing techniques, and note taking techniques. The data analysis technique used in this research is interactive which consists of three research components, including: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of this study are firstly, Nadin Amizah's song lyrics in the album “Selamat Ulang Tahun” utilize a variety of figures of speech, namely comparative figures of parable, metaphor, and personafication, repetition of alliteration, assonance, repetition, pleonasm, and parelism, contradictory figures of hyperbole, litotes, oxymorone and linking figurehead which is of the synekdoke type; sinekdoke pars pro toto and sinekdoke totem pro parte. Second, the lyrics of Nadin Amizah's song in the album “Selamat Ulang Tahun”, there are four types of imagery, namely auditory imagery, movement imagery, tactile imagery, and visual imagery. Third, the meaning contained in the lyrics of Nadin Amizah's song in the album “Selamat Ulang Tahun” consists of the meaning of affection, meaning of kinship, the meaning of life, and the meaning of love. This research is useful for adding color to research on figure of speech and images in literature.
PENGARUH METODE PEMBELAJARAN MOVEMENT EXPLORATION DAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN GUIDED DISCOVERY SERTA PERSEPSI KINESTETIK TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR LAY UP BOLABASKET PADA MAHASISWA IAIN TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: Wijayanto Adi , Hakim Abdul Aziz , Iffah Nur
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode pembelajaran movement exploration dan metode pembelajaran guided discovery serta persepsi kinestetik terhadap hasil belajar lay up bolabasket pada mahasiswa semester satu jurusan pendidikan guru madrasah ibtidaiyah institut agama islam negeri Tulungagung. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober-November 2019, dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan faktorial 2x2. 84 mahasiswa sebagai sampel diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling, yang terdiri dari 42 orang dengan persepsi kinestetik tinggi dan 42 dengan persepsi kinestetik rendah, kemudian dilakukan tes persepsi kinestetik dan dilakukan matching pairing sebanyak 2 kali. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis varian (ANAVA) dua arah, dengan Uji Tukey sebagai uji lanjut. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut: (1) Perhitungan Analisis Varians (ANAVA) dengan taraf signifikan α 0,05, maka diperoleh Fₒ = 6,944, sedangkan F₁ = 4,05, dengan demikian Fₒ = 6,944 > F₁ = 4,05, Dengan demikian terdapat perbedaaan yang signifikan secara keseluruhan antara kelompok belajar yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran movement exploration, dibanding dengan metode pembelajaran guided discovery. (2) persepsi kinestetik yang tinggi, metode pembelajaran movement exploration lebih baik daripada metode pembelajaran guided discovery terhadap hasil belajar lay up bolabasket dengan hasil (qₒ = 5,523 > q₁ = 3,345), (3) persepsi kinestetik yang rendah, tidak ada perbedaan antara metode pembelajaran movement exploration dan metode pembelajaran guided discovery terhadap hasil belajar lay up bolabasket  (qo= 0,232 < qt = 3,83), dan (4) terdapat interaksi antara metode dan persepsi kinestetik terhadap hasil belajar lay up bolabasket (Fo = 8,781 > Ft = 4,05).
PENGARUH METODE LATIHAN DAN KOORDINASI TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN SERVIS ATAS BOLA VOLI
Authors: Sudibyo  , Hernawan  , Susilo
Published: May 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh informasi tentang Pengaruh Metode Latihan Dan Koordinasi Terhadap Keterampilan Servis atas bola voli. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan eksperimen dengan desain treatment by level 2x2. Teknik analisis menggunakan analisis variansi (ANAVA) dua jalur, dilanjutkan dengan Uji Tukey pada taraf signifikansi α = 0,05. Diperoleh :(1) Secara keseluruhan keterampilan servis atas bola voli kelompok siswa yang diberi perlakuan Metode Latihan Bagian dengan lebih baik dari pada siswa yang diberi perlakuan Metode Latihan Keseluruhan (Fhitung = 5,865 > Ftabel = 4,11); (2) terdapat interaksi antara Metode Latihan dan koordinasi terhadap keterampilan servis atas bola voli (Fhitung = 7,843 > Ftabel = 4,11); (3) kelompok yang diberi perlakuan Metode Latihan  Bagian lebih baik daripada kelompok yang diberi perlakuan Keseluruhan terhadap keterampilan servis atas bola voli bagi siswa yang memiliki koordinasi tinggi (Qhitung = 6,543 >  Qtabel = 3,89); (4) kelompok yang diberi perlakuan Metode Latihan  Keseluruhan lebih baik daripada kelompok yang diberi perlakuan Bagian terhadap keterampilan servis atas bola voli bagi siswa yang memiliki koordinasi rendah (Qhitung = 4,341 >  Qtabel = 3,89);  Diharapkan kepada guru  untuk memilih dan menerapkan Metode Latihan yang disesuaikan dengan tingkat kordinasi siswa, untuk itu agar mempertimbangkan Metode Latihan yang disesuakan dengan materi pembelajaran.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR MATA KULIAH TEORI DAN PRAKTIK BOLA VOLI BERBASIS E-LEARNING
Authors: Muhamad ilham  , Dwi Oktafiranda
Published: May 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menyediakan bahan ajar berbasis e-learning pada mata kuliah teori dan praktik bola voli yang sesuai dengan himbauan pemerintah untuk melakukan kegiatan pembelajaran secara daring (dalam jaringan) dalam upaya meminimalisir penyebaran virus Covid-19 yang melanda dunia saat ini. Pengembangan bahan ajar berbasis online ini dibuat dalam bentuk video tutorial latihan yang dapat diakses mahasiswa secara online melalui situs berbagi video. Metode penelitian dan pengembangan ini menggunakan konsep pengembangan model ADDIE. Pengembangan dimulai dari tahap (a) analisis kebutuhan, (b) desain (c) pengembangan (d) implementasi dan (e) evaluasi. Hasil validasi pengembangan media video pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh (a) ahli Bola voli berada pada kategori baik dengan dengan persentase 87,5%, (b) ahli media pembelajaran pada kategori baik dengan persentase 82,5%, (c) uji coba perorangan pada kategori baik dengan persentase 85%, (d) uji lapangan pada kategori baik dengan persentase 84,44%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, bahan ajar mata kuliah teori dan praktik bola voli berbasis e-learning sudah dinyatakan layak untuk digunakan.
SURVEI AKTIVITAS FISIK JOGGING, SPRINT, BACKWARD, SIDEWAYS, WALKING, DAN STANDING WASIT FUTSAL PADA LIGA FUTSAL MAHASISWA 2018
Authors: Wattimena Ferry Yohannes
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang: 1) Banyak wasit melakukan aktivitas fisik jogging, sprint, backward, sideway, walking, dan standing pada Liga Futsal Mahasiswa 2018. 2) Prosentase aktivitas fisik jogging, sprint, backward, sideway, walking, dan standing pada Liga Futsal Mahasiswa 2018. 3) Aktivitas fisik yang paling dominan pada Liga Futsal Mahasiswa 2018.Populasi yang digunakan yaitu seluruh wasit yang bertugas pada Liga Futsal Mahasiswa 2018. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah aktivitas jogging, backward, walking, sprint, standing, dan run sideways wasit futsal pada pertandingan Liga Futsal Mahasiswa 2018. Berdasarkan dari hasil perhitungan di dapat banyaknya jumlah wasit melakukan aktivitas fisik jogging, backward, walking, sprint, standing, dan run sideways pada Liga Futsal Mahasiswa 2018 adalah secara keseluruhan di dapat bahwa aktivitas jogging 12484 dengan prosentase sebesar 24,98%, sprint 5347 dengan prosentase sebesar 10,70%, backward 3986 dengan prosentase sebesar 7,98%, sideways 7328 dengan prosentase sebesar 14,66%, walking 10135 dengan prosentase sebesar 20,29%, standing 10690 dengan prosentase sebesar 21,39. Dan yang paling dominan aktivitas fisik yang digunakan adalah jogging sebanyak 12484 dengan prosentase sebesar 24,98%.
MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN LARI JARAK PENDEK MELALUI PENDEKATAN METODE PEMBEBANAN
Authors: Arif Yudbbirul , Hadiwijaya Deni
Published: May 2022

Masalah dalam penelitian ini dapat dilihat dari kurang maksimalnya keterampilan lari jarak pendek pada atlet lari jarak pendek sekolah olahraga negeri sriwijaya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan.Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah atlet lari jarak pendek sekolah olahraga negeri sriwijaya Palembang yang berjumlah 8 atlet.Penelitian pada siklus 1 dilakukan sebanyak 8 kali pertemuan, dimulai dari tes awal untuk mengukur kemampuan atlet sebelum diberikan tindakan. Setelah tindakan latihan dilaksanakan, peneliti memberikan tes akhir pada atlet dan hasilnya adalah siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 3 atlet dengan persentase ketuntasan 37.50 %, Jika Dibandingkan  dengan kriteria keberhasilan tindakan yang telah ditentukan yaitu 80% maka latihan yang dilaksanakan pada siklus 1 ini belum bisa dikatakan berhasil. Dilanjutkan ke siklus 2 dengan sedikit perubahan dan penambahan pada tiap tindakan latihan sebelumnya dan pada siklus 2 ini akan dilaksanakan sebanyak 8 pertemuan. Tes akhir pada siklus 2 menunjukkan peningkatan yang sangat baik yaitu seluruh atlet memperoleh nilai tuntas dengan persentase sebesar 100%.Penelitian ini tidak perlu lagi dilanjutkan karena sudah sesuai dengan kriteria keberhasilan.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Dengan metode latihan pembebanan dapat meningkatkan keterampilan lari jarak pendek pada atlet lari jarak pendek Sekolah Olahraga Negeri Sriwijaya Palembang.
COVID-19 Outcomes Among the Hispanic Population of 27 Large US Cities, 2020–2021
Authors: De Ramos Isabel P. , Lazo Mariana , Schnake-Mahl Alina , Li Ran , Martinez-Donate Ana P. , Roux Ana V. Diez , Bilal Usama
Published: May 2022

Objectives. To examine racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 outcomes between Hispanics and Whites across 27 US jurisdictions whose health departments are members of the Big Cities Health Coalition (BCHC).

Methods. Using surveillance data from the BCHC COVID-19 dashboard as of mid-June 2021, we computed crude incidence, age-adjusted hospitalization and mortality, and full vaccination coverage rates for Hispanics and Whites by city. We estimated relative and absolute disparities cumulatively and for 2020 and 2021 and explored associations between city-level social vulnerability and the magnitude of disparities.

Results. In most of the cities with available COVID-19 incidence data, rates among Hispanics were 2.2 to 6.7 times higher than those among Whites. In all cities, Hispanics had higher age-adjusted hospitalization (1.5–8.6 times as high) and mortality (1.4–6.2 times as high) rates. Hispanics had lower vaccination coverage in all but 1 city. Disparities in incidence and hospitalizations narrowed in 2021, whereas disparities in mortality remained similar. Disparities in incidence, hospitalization, mortality, and vaccination rates were wider in cities with lower social vulnerability.

Conclusions. A deeper exploration of racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 outcomes is essential to understand and prevent disparities among marginalized communities. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(7): 1034–1044. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306809 )
Steganography and Cryptography Techniques Based Secure Data Transferring Through Public Network Channel
Authors: Naser Mohammed Abdullah , Al-alak Saif M. Kh. , Hussein Ahmed Mohammed , Jawad Majid Jabbar
Published: May 2022

Attacking a transferred data over a network is frequently happened millions time a day. To address this problem, a secure scheme is proposed which is securing a transferred data over a network. The proposed scheme uses two techniques to guarantee a secure transferring for a message. The message is encrypted as a first step, and then it is hided in a video cover.  The proposed encrypting technique is RC4 stream cipher algorithm in order to increase the message's confidentiality, as well as improving the least significant bit embedding algorithm (LSB) by adding an additional layer of security. The improvement of the LSB method comes by replacing the adopted sequential selection by a random selection manner of the frames and the pixels with two secret random keys. Therefore, the hidden message remains protected even if the stego-object is hacked because the attacker is unable to know the correct frames and pixels that hold each bit of the secret message in addition to difficulty to successfully rebuild the message. The results refer to that the proposed scheme provides a good performance for evaluation metric that is used in this purpose when compared to a large number of related previous methods.
Predictive Significance of Interleukins 17A and 33 in Risk of Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Al-Naseri Milad Abdul Salam , Ad’hiah Ali Hussein , Salman Ehab Dawood
Published: May 2022

Cytokines are signaling molecules between inflammatory cells that play a significant role in the pathogenesis of a disease. Among these cytokines are interleukins (ILs) 17A and 33, and accordingly, the current case-control study sought to investigate the role of each of the two cytokines in the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS). Sixty-eight relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) Iraqi patients and twenty healthy individuals (control group) were enrolled. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to determine serum levels of IL-17A and IL-33. Results revealed that IL-17A and IL-33 levels were significantly higher in MS patients than in controls (14.1 ± 4.5 vs. 7.5 ± 3.8 pg/mL; p < 0.001 and 65.3 ± 16.3 vs. 49.3 ± 20.0 pg/mL; p < 0.001, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that IL-17A was a very good predictor of MS (area under curve [AUC] = 0.869; 95% CI = 0.779 - 0.960; p < 0.001; cut-off value = 10.2 pg/mL; sensitivity = 80.8%; specificity = 75.0%). A similar prediction was presented by IL-33, but the AUC value was lower (AUC = 0.762; 95% CI = 0.63 - 0.89; p < 0.001; cut-off value = 56.4 pg/mL; sensitivity = 70.6%; specificity = 70.0%). Multinomial logistic regression analysis confirmed the significance of IL-17A and IL-33 in MS risk, and under three models of analysis, the estimated odds ratios for IL-17A (1.50, 1.49 and 1.50, respectively) and IL-33 (1.05, 1.05 and 1.06) were above 1.0. Patients stratified by gender (male and female), expanded disability status scale (EDSS: < 3 and ≥ 3) or medication (pre- and post-medication) showed no significant differences in serum levels of IL-17A and IL-33 for each stratum. However, with regard to response to medication, it was found that responding patients showed significantly higher levels of IL-33 than non-responders (70.9 ± 12.2 vs. 57.2 ± 18.2 pg/mL; p = 0.018). This difference was not observed when considering IL-17A. Pearson correlation analysis between IL-17A and IL-33 revealed that both cytokines were not significantly correlated. In conclusion, the study indicated that IL-17A and IL-33 were up-regulated in serum of MS patients, and this up-regulation was not influenced by age, gender, EDSS or medication status, but the elevated level of IL-33 was more pronounced in patients who responded to medication.
The Effect of chlorhexidine irrigation on root dentin microhardness in regenerative endodontics using double antibiotic paste
Authors: Abdelazeem Mohamed
Published: May 2022

Immature teeth with necrotic pulp represents a challenge in Endodontics management owing to thin fragile roots and blunderbuss apices . Clinically, multiple visit Apexification with calcium hydroxide or one visit Apexification with Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is preferred by clinicians however it has several disadvantages including long term period and increased root dentin brittleness, increasing risk of root fractureRoot canal irrigants and intra-canal medicaments used during Endodontic regeneration procedure may negatively affect the physical and mechanical properties of radicular dentin. Long term exposure of dental hard tissues to acidic antibiotics might cause demineralization and negatively affect their mechanical propertiesMatrix Metalloproteinases (MMPS) are proteinases that participate in the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM).Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a potent Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPS) inhibitor, may inhibit the catalytic activity of MMPs.CHX prevents and decreases the release of MMPs by its protein inhibition action (Proteinase inhibitor). Thus we can presume that the increase in the micro-hardness may be attributed to the better preservation of the collagen fibrils of the dentinal surface after treatment with two percent CHX.
Knowledge, attitude and practice towards kangaroo mother care among postnatal women in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Atnafu Natnael , Gelaw Kelemu Abebe , Azeze Gedion Asnake , Admass Biruk Adie , Lake Eyasu Alem , Adela Getachew Asmare
Published: May 2022

Background: Kangaroo mother care is a key procedure in reducing neonatal mortality and morbidity associated with preterm birth. In Ethiopia, neonatal death remains a serious problem, and this study aims to determine the prevalence of the knowledge, attitudes and practice of kangaroo mother care among Ethiopia women. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EMBASE and the Ethiopian University online library were searched. Data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and analysed using STATA statistical software (v. 11). Publication bias was checked by forest plot, Begg’s rank test and Egger’s regression test. To look for heterogeneity, I2 were computed and an overall estimated analysis carried out. Subgroup analysis was done by region, study setting, publication, gestational age, birth weight and component of kangaroo care. The Joanna Briggs Institute risk of bias assessment tool was used. We carried out a leave one out sensitivity analysis. Results: Out of 273 articles retrieved, 16 studies met the eligibility criteria and are thus included in this study. Those 16 studies had a total of 12,345 respondents who reported kangaroo mother practice, with five (comprising 1,232 participants combined) reporting that both knowledge and attitude were used to determine the overall estimation. The pooled estimates of good knowledge, positive attitude and poor practice of kangaroo mother care were found to be 64.62% (95% CI: 47.15%–82.09%; I2 = 97.8%), 61.55% (49.73%–73.38%; I2 = 94.8%) and 45.7% (95% CI: 37.23%–54.09%; I2 = 98.5%), respectively. This study is limited to postnatal women and does not take account their domestic partners or health providers. Conclusion: The findings revealed significant gaps in the knowledge, attitudes and practice of kangaroo mother care in Ethiopia when compared with other developing countries. Therefore, kangaroo mother care training to women, along with further studies on domestic partners and health providers.
A Bounded Multi-Vacation Queue Model for Multi-stage Sleep Control
Authors: Chen Jie
Published: May 2022

To evaluate the performance of multistage sleep telecommunication systems, this paper presents a bounded multi-vacation queue model. The energy consumption predicted by this model, shows an average error rate of 0.0177 and the delay (predicted by the same model) shows an average error rate of 0.0655. Both error rates were calculated over 99 instances. An optimisation algorithm is also proposed to minimise the energy consumption whilst not violating the delay bound. Based on the model, numerical results,which quantify the performance of current state-of-art multistage sleep 5G base stations, are presented.
Control -Based Observer for Discrete-time Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Hassan Mohamed Fahim , Aljuwaiser Elham
Published: May 2022

Observer-based controllers are well-known techniques and have been used to generate state feedback control strategies for incomplete state measured systems. However, the reverse process, namely control-based observers, has never been introduced as a tool to design observers for either linear or nonlinear systems. The main objective of this paper is to introduce such a technique as a tool to design observers for nonlinear discrete-time systems. The proposed approach, besides leading to very satisfactory estimation results for nonlinear systems, is unlike other widely used estimation techniques in the literature. More specifically, it has no limitations and/or restrictions, needs no state transformation, the overshoots at the start of the estimation process are either zero or very small, and last but not least the estimation errors converge to the zero steady states within a very short transient period. The stability of the proposed estimator is rigorously analyzed. Finally, the state estimation of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor and a Hyperchaotic system are presented to illustrate the applicability and the efficiency of the developed approach.
Direct observation of Eshelby inclusions in metallic glasses
Authors: Mu Xiaoke , Kang Sangjun , Wang Di , Caron Arnaud , Minnert Christian , Durst Karsten , Kuebel Christian
Published: May 2022

The application of metallic glasses is limited by their catastrophic failure during shear banding. The shear transformation zones (STZs), which are theoretically defined as Eshelby inclusions plastically deformed in glassy matrix and responsible for the shear banding, have not been directly observed in experiments for metallic glasses. This hinders the establishment of the deformation theory and new material designs. With this work, we solved the longstanding difficulty of experimental visualization of the STZ phenomenon in metallic glasses, by correlatively imaging strain fields and atomic packing density at the nanoscale using 4-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy. The results for the first time show the quadrupolar strain field surrounding dilated nano-volumes aligned on a shear band. This opens a new door for research on metallic glasses.
A Novel Framework for Ultrasound Image Enhancement to assist segmentation in Computer-Aided Detection of Breast Lesion
Authors: Singh Mayank Kumar , Saini Indu , Sood Neetu
Published: May 2022

The low quality of diagnostic Ultrasound (US) images makes structural identification challenging. It is crucial to enhance these images before application in Computer-Aided Detection (CAD). This study aims to ease breast lesion identification in US images by introducing a novel echo-texture-based technique. We used the basic notion that the unique acoustic impedance of distinct structures results in a textural discrepancy in the US image. Initially, an Acoustic Impedance Index was calculated using the local grayscale variation in the image. Then, we used this parameter to design an adaptive filter that generates an Enhanced Texture Image. The resultant images had a significant perception difference between the lesion and its surrounding. Compared to other enhancement techniques, the No Reference distortion metric had the best values for the proposed method. The enhanced image segmented using Active contour and superpixel-based techniques gives the most accurate lesion boundary. The Dice, Jaccard, and BF score were used to quantify the similarity between the masked image generated after segmentation and outlined by the expert. With the exceptionally reduced probability of false alarm, the proposed technique promises to improve the CAD of breast lesions.
Quality and hydrochemical assessment of groundwater in geological transition zones: A case study from N.E. Nigeria
Authors: Lawal Abdullateef , Tijani Moshood , Snow Daniel , D’Alessio Matteo
Published: May 2022

Sustainable management of groundwater resources in geological transition zones is essential due to their complex geology, increasing population, industrialization and climate change. Groundwater quality monitoring and assessment represents a viable panacea to this problem. Therefore, there is a great need to investigate groundwater resources in terms of their chemistry and pollution, to ascertain their quality and implement robust pollution abatement strategies. This study focused on the characterisation of groundwater in a typical geological transition zone in Northeastern Nigeria. Eighty-seven (87) groundwater samples were collected. pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured in-situ using a multiparameter probe, while major cations and anions were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry and ion chromatography, respectively. TDS ranged between 95 and 1,154 mg L− 1 in basement terrains and between 49 − 1,105 in sedimentary areas. pH ranged between 6.8 and 7.7 mg L− 1 in basement terrains and between 5.0 and 6.5 in sedimentary areas, suggesting a moderately acidic to alkaline low mineralized groundwater. Calcium (2.6–128.0 mg L− 1) was the dominant cation in the basement areas, suggesting silicate weathering/dissolution, while sodium (1.9–106.0 mg L− 1) dominated the sedimentary zones due to base exchange reactions. The water quality index revealed that the basement setting was predominated by poor to unsuitable groundwater, while the sedimentary terrain was characterised by potable groundwater. The dominant hydrochemical facie in the basement areas was Ca2+–(Mg2+)–HCO3− characteristic of recharge meteoric water. The Na+– (K+)–HCO3− facie characterised the sedimentary zones, indicative of cation exchange reactions, while the mixed water facie typifies the geological contact zones. The shallow nature of the basement groundwaters makes them more susceptible to geogenic and anthropogenic pollution compared to the sandstone aquifers. However, the basement aquifers have better irrigation indices (Kelly ratio and Soluble sodium percent) as compared to the sandstone aquifers which exhibits poor Kelly ratios (< 1) and Soluble sodium percent (> 50) ratings.
Serum metabolomics profiling reveals metabolic alterations prior to the diagnosis with non-small cell lung cancer among Chinese community residents: a prospective nested case-control study
Authors: Xiang Yu , Zhao Qi , Wu Yilin , Liu Xing , Zhu Junjie , Yu Yuting , Su Xuyan , Xu Kelin , Jiang Yonggen , Zhao Genming
Published: May 2022

Background
The present high mortality of lung cancer in China stems mainly from the lack of feasible, noninvasive early disease detection biomarkers. Serum metabolomics profiling prior to diagnosis to reveal metabolic alterations could expedite the disease detection process and suggest patients harboring disease. We identified differential expressed metabolites and their involved biological processes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) among the Chinese community residents.
Methods
Using a nested case-control design, we applied ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based serum metabolomics to reveal metabolomic alterations and indicate the NSCLC presence using serum samples collected prior to their disease diagnoses. Studied serum samples were collected from 41 patients before NSCLC diagnosis (within 3.0 y) and 38 matched cancer-free controls from the prospective Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort recruited from April 2016 to October 2017 at Songjiang District, Shanghai, China.
Results
NSCLC patients presented markedly cellular metabolism alterations in serum samples collected prior to their disease diagnoses compared with cancer-free controls. In total, we identified 18 significantly expressed metabolites whose relative abundance showed either an upward or a downward trend, with most of them where lipid and lipid-like molecules, organic acids, and nitrogen compounds. Choline metabolism in cancer exhibits a markedly metabolic disturbance in NSCLC patients, followed by sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Our data point to the aforementioned metabolisms and related metabolites as potential vital targets for cancer interventions and could improve the early diagnosis of NSCLC patients. Our results demonstrate the potential feasibility of LC-MS-based serum metabolomics to predict the presence of NSCLC combined with characteristics including smoking habits and the exposure history of second-hand smoking. With further validation, metabolomic techniques could be used as an effective but less-invasive tool to supplement the screening programs of NSCLC in the Chinese population.
Interpretation:
Choline metabolism in cancer, sphingolipid, and glycerophospholipid metabolism emerge as the significant metabolic disturbance of NSCLC. Metabolites involved in these biological processes may be the distinctive features associated with NSCLC prior to diagnosis.
The Synergistic Effects of Pyrotinib and SHR-1316 on HER2-positve breast cancer
Authors: Liu Zhiwei , Li Xinyang , Wang Ziming , Li Jing , Han Danyang , Wang Yukun , Yuan Xiang , Liang Gaofeng , Li Yuanpei , Wang Xinshuai
Published: May 2022

PYR was a new generation of HER-2 small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which inhibited a variety of HER family receptors. And SHR-1316 was one of the most popular drugs in the field of cancer therapy recently. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effects of PYR combined with SHR-1316 and further explore its potential mechanism on HER2-positive BC. MTT assay, Wound-healing assay, and Transwell assay were used to detect the effects of PYR and SHR-1316 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HER2-positive BC cells. Cell apoptosis was tested through flow cytometry. Xenograft model was established to illustrate the synergistic effects of pyrotinib combined with SHR-1316 in vivo. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was utilized to assess the expression of T cells in the SK-BR-3 tumor issue. Western blotting was performed to determine the expression of PD-L1, PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, and FOXO1. The results showed that PYR and SHR-1316 had synergistic inhibited effects on the cell proliferation, migration, invasion of HER2-positive BC cells. PYR and SHR-1316 promoted synergistically BC cell apoptosis. PYR and SHR-1316 downregulated the expression of PD-L1, p-PI3K, p-AKT and upregulated the expression FOXO1. In the nude-mice Xenograft model, pyrotinib and SHR-1316 had synergistic inhibition effects on tumor growth.
Effect of miR-493-5p on proliferation and differentiation of myoblast by targeting ANKRD17
Authors: Zhuang Xiaona , Lin Zekun , Xie Fang , Luo Junyi , Chen Ting , Xi Qianyun , Zhang Yongliang , Sun Jiajie
Published: May 2022

Background: The hypertrophy and conversion of postnatal muscle fibers largely determine the yield and quality of pork, and the growth and development of muscle fibers involve complex molecular regulation. miRNA is a kind of endogenous noncoding RNA fragments and widely involved in the proliferation and differentiation of livestock and poultry myoblasts.Results: In this paper, the longissimus dorsi muscle tissues of Lantang pigs at 1 and 90 days of age (LT1D and LT90D) were collected and profiled by miRNA-seq. The longissimus dorsi muscle of LT1D and LT90D expressed 1871 and 1729 miRNA candidates respectively, and 794 miRNAs were shared. We identified 16 differentially expressed miRNAs between LT1D and LT90D and explored the function of miR-493-5p in muscle development. The miR-493-5p inhibited the proliferation and promoted the differentiation of myoblast cells. GO and KEGG pathway analysis of 164 target genes of miR-493-5p, we found ATP2A2, PPP3CA, KLF15, MED28 and ANKRD17 genes related to muscle development. RT-qPCR detection showed that the expression level of ANKRD17 was highly expressed in LT1D libraries, and the double luciferase report test preliminarily proved that miR-493-5p and ANKRD17 have a directly targeting relationship. Conclusions: In this study, we revealed the roles of miR-493-5p in development of muscle fibers and identified the relationship network of miR-493-5p and ANKRD17, providing data support for pig breeding.
Factors influencing surgical choice and surgerical anxiety in patients with pulmonary nodules smaller than 8mm
Authors: Qiu Hongbin , Lou Yingqiao , Xu Congcong , Witharana Pasan , Chen Dong , Zhu Kanghao , Li Jiawei , Chen Baofu , Shen Jianfei
Published: May 2022

Background: The detection of pulmonary nodules has a great impact on people's lives and mental health. The 2018 NCCN guidelines recommend follow-up treatment for nodules ≤8mm, but many patients with small nodules choose surgery. We wanted to explore why these patients had surgery and what caused their anxiety.Methods: We cross-sectionally surveyed patients with small nodules who decided to undergo surgery in a local grade 3 hospital, using a questionnaire. Results: 338 patients responded, but only 234 were included in the final analysis. 68.81% of patients reported clinically significant anxiety about pulmonary nodules, as measured by the IES-R. Poor performance in activities of daily living (ADL) (P=0.022, 95% CI: 1.237-15.857) was associated with the highest positive rate (92.31%). Other factors such as presence of solid nodules (P=0.015, 95% CI: 1.26-8.335), multifocal disease (P=0.006, 95% CI: 1.317-5.373) and family history of lung cancer (P=0.048, 95% CI: 1.015-21.307) were also associated with distress. Conclusion: Current ability to perform activities of daily living, presence of solid and multiple nodules, and a family history of lung cancer make patients who choose surgery more likely to experience pain.
Dealing with Missing Data in Real-World Data: A Scoping Review of Simulation Studies
Authors: Morel Alejandra E Guevara , Varga Anita N , Heymans Martijn W , Dongen Johanna M , Schaik Digna JF , Tulder Maurits W , Bosmans Judith E
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: Real-world data are increasingly being used for as a complement to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions. Real-world data often are expected to have higher generalizability by including more representative patient populations and resembling daily clinical practice better than RCTs. However, since data are not collected for research purposes, missing observations in real-world data are highly common. Inadequate handling of missing observations may lead to biased estimates and invalid conclusions. The aim of this scoping review was to identify and critically appraise statistical methods for dealing with missing observations in real-world data. METHODS: We searched PubMed for simulation studies that assessed the performance of statistical methods for dealing with missing observations in real-world data published between January 2000 and December 2018. We searched for simulation studies because well-developed simulation studies may be preferable to choose the best missing data method for real-world data. Information was extracted on the aims of the studies, data generating mechanisms, assessed statistical methods for dealing with missing observations, performance of the statistical method, statistical software used, and authors’ remarks and conclusions on the validity and usability of the statistical methods. RESULTS: Fifty-two studies were eligible for inclusion; 19 assessed methods for missing covariates, 13 for missing outcome(s), 15 for missing observations in both covariates and outcome(s), and in 5 studies it was unclear whether missing observations were present in covariates and/or outcome(s). Eleven studies took into account the multilevel structure of the data, whereas others did not. When imputing single-level missing at random (MAR) data, MICE and multivariate normal imputations (MVNI) seemed the best performing methods. When dealing with multilevel MAR data, multiple imputation-based methods seem to be the most flexible and best performing methods. For data missing not at random (MNAR, 16 studies), selection models and pattern mixture models appear to be most promising. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of a statistical method to deal with missing observations depends on the type of missing variables and the assumed missing data mechanism. Although MAR is the most commonly assumed missing data mechanism, data that are missing not at random (MNAR) is also common in real-world data, although only few studies evaluated methods for MNAR data.
A Case Report of a Patient with Right Aortic Arch Complicated the Esophageal Perforation
Authors: Qie Peng , Yin Qifan , Xun Xuejiao , Han Shaohui , Li Xiaoning , Wang Huien
Published: May 2022

Introduction: A 73-year-old female patient with right-sided aortic arch and permanent pacemaker installed was brought to Hebei General Hospital because of esophageal perforation at the first esophageal stenosis. Concerns of the patient: She had severe chest pain as well as fever. Despite being treated with fasting, gastrointestinal decompression, anti-inflammation and other methods, but she did not find relief from her pain.Diagnosis: The radiography revealed esophageal perforation at the initial esophageal stenosis. A right-sided aortic arch, anterosuperior mediastinal gas density shadow, and atelectasis of both inferior lobes of the lungs were discovered on a chest CT scan.Intervention: The abscess in the mediastinum was cleaned with surgery, and mediastinal drainage was performed using a thoracoscope. Following the surgery, the patient had underwent ongoing gastric decompression, duodenal feeding, and anti-inflammation therapy.Outcomes: The patient was successfully fed and discharged from the hospital on the 14 postoperative day.Conclusion: The therapeutic management of this condition was hampered by a number of reasons. The most important thing is to identify the major inconsistency, select a good surgical approach, and develop an adequate perioperative care strategy.