bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synchronous Densification and Conductivity Modulation of Nano‐Titanate for Pseudocapacitive Li‐ion Storage
Authors: Zhu Xiaobo , She Qin , Wang Mao , Wang Zhiliang , Hu Yuxiang , Yuan Du , Sun Yongqi , Schülli Tobias U. , Wang Lianzhou
Published: December 2023

Nanostructured electrode materials have attracted enormous attention because of their kinetic advantages endorsed by nanoscale regime. Densification is required to improve their volumetric densities for practical applications but is challenged by the loss of kinetic features. In this work, a nano‐densification strategy is developed by co‐sintering nanosized titanate with a phosphate agent and acid‐treated carbon black. Experimental studies reveal that the formation of Ti─O─P bonds energetically facilitates the dissociation of crystal water in titanate, enabling lower‐temperature consolidation of the nanostructures that avoids grain growth. Simultaneously, phosphorylation improves charge carrier concentration and electron conductivity of the titanate. Together with the incorporation of hydrophilic carbon black, the treated nano‐titanate electrode reaches a bulk‐level compaction density of 2.35 g cm−3. As an anode for Li‐ion batteries, the densified electrode shows improved electrochemical performance with a specific capacity of 88.4 mA h g−1 at 20 A g−1. When pairing with a high‐voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode, the hybrid device demonstrates an outstanding combination of energy and power densities.

Open access publishing facilitated by The University of Queensland, as part of the Wiley ‐ The University of Queensland agreement via the Council of Australian University Librarians.
Enhancement of Interfacial Properties by Indoloquinoxaline‐Based Small Molecules for Highly Efficient Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yong Jihye , Lee Yu Kyung , Park Hansol , Muthu Senthilkumar , Shin Juhwan , Whang Dong Ryeol , Kim Bong‐Gi , Chang Dong Wook , Park Hui Joon
Published: December 2023

Interfacial engineering in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has attracted significant attention, aiming to achieve high‐performing and highly stable devices. Here, newly designed organic small molecules based on quinoxaline and triphenylamine for inverted type wide‐bandgap PSCs are introduced, with the objective of enhancing the interfacial properties between perovskite and NiOx hole transport layer (HTL). The incorporation of an organic interlayer effectively reduces the energy level offset between the HTL and wide‐bandgap perovskite, while passivating defects within the perovskite layer. It leads to improved charge extraction and minimized non‐radiative recombination at the interface. Furthermore, the enhanced interfacial characteristics and hydrophobicity contribute to the improvement of perovskite film quality, resulting in larger grain size and higher crystallinity. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSC is enhanced from 18.9% to 20.1% with the incorporation of the IQTPAFlu interlayer, accompanied by an increase in Voc to ≈1.3 V, achieving a significantly low Voc deficit of 0.46 V. And the IQTPAFlu‐based devices demonstrate stable and consistent performance over 500 h, with ≈91% of their initial PCE retained. The highly stable wide‐bandgap PSCs, characterized by high Voc and PCEs, hold great promise as potential candidates for tandem solar cells.
Oriented Heterodimensional Perovskite Crystals for Self‐Powered X‐Ray Detection with Reduced Dark Current and Anisotropic Response
Authors: Zhang Xinyuan , Song Xin , Abulikemu Mutalifu , Shao Bingyao , Chen Shulin , Gutiérrez‐Arzaluz Luis , Si Gaoshoutong , Ahmad Taimoor , Wu Wentao , Mohammed Omar F. , Bakr Osman M.
Published: December 2023

X‐ray detectors utilizing 2D/3D heterodimensional perovskites have achieved great success. However, the labile nature of halide perovskites generally results in structures with random orientations and interfaces, which in turn increases the dark noise of X‐ray detectors, hindering their use in low‐dose X‐ray detection. Here, it is shown that both anisotropy and ultralow dark current can be achieved in self‐powered X‐ray detectors using well‐oriented 2D/3D heterodimensional perovskite crystals (HPCs). A halide diffusion‐promoted welding approach is devised to create the oriented HPCs, enabling two distinct configurations: A lateral orientation where the inorganic frameworks of the two phases are perpendicular, and a vertical orientation with parallel inorganic slabs. The different crystalline orientations produce unique anisotropic X‐ray detecting performance of 2D/3D HPCs, with a large anisotropic ratio of 4. Moreover, a self‐powered X‐ray detector using vertical HPC exhibits a greatly suppressed dark current density of 0.17 nA cm−2 and a low detection limit of 77 nGyair s−1, enabling high‐resolution X‐ray imaging. In contrast, the lateral devices show higher X‐ray sensitivity (1850 µC Gyair−1cm−2) at zero bias. This work reveals the interplay between crystalline orientation and X‐ray detection performance, opening new possibilities for developing low‐cost, low‐noise X‐ray detectors.
Fast and Facile Liquid Metal Printing via Projection Lithography for Highly Stretchable Electronic Circuits
Authors: Wu Dong , Wu Shuwang , Narongdej Poom , Duan Sidi , Chen Chi , Yan Yichen , Liu Zixiao , Hong Wen , Frenkel Imri , He Ximin
Published: December 2023

Soft electronic circuits are crucial for wearable electronics, biomedical technologies, and soft robotics, requiring soft conductive materials with high conductivity, high strain limit, and stable electrical performance under deformation. Liquid metals (LMs) have become attractive candidates with high conductivity and fluidic compliance, while effective manufacturing methods are demanded. Digital light processing (DLP)‐based projection lithography is a high‐resolution and high‐throughput printing technique for primarily polymers and some metals. If LMs can be printed with DLP as well, the entire soft devices can be fabricated by one printer in a streamlined and highly efficient process. Herein, fast and facile DLP‐based LM printing is achieved. Simply with 5–10 s of patterned ultraviolet (UV)‐light exposure, a highly conductive and stretchable pattern can be printed using a photo‐crosslinkable LM particle ink. The printed eutectic gallium indium traces feature high resolution (≈20 µm), conductivity (3 × 106 S m−1), stretchability (≈2500%), and excellent stability (consistent performance at different deformation). Various patterns are printed in diverse material systems for broad applications including stretchable displays, epidermal strain sensors, heaters, humidity sensors, conformal electrodes for electrography, and multi‐layer actuators. The facile and scalable process, excellent performance, and diverse applications ensure its broad impact on soft electronic manufacturing.
Efficient Thermo‐Spin Conversion in van der Waals Ferromagnet FeGaTe
Authors: Liu Shuhan , Hu Shaojie , Cui Xiaomin , Kimura Takashi
Published: December 2023

Recent discovery of 2D van der Waals magnetic materials has spurred progress in developing advanced spintronic devices. A central challenge lies in enhancing the spin‐conversion efficiency for building spin‐logic or spin‐memory devices. Here, the anomalous Hall and Nernst effects are systematically investigated to uncover significant spin‐conversion effects in above‐room‐temperature van der Waals ferromagnet FeGaTe with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The anomalous Hall effect demonstrates an efficient electric spin‐charge conversion with a notable spin Hall angle of over 6%. In addition, the anomalous Nernst effect produces a significant transverse voltage at room temperature without a magnetic field, displaying unique temperature dependence with a maximum transverse Seebeck coefficient of 440 nV K−1 and a Nernst angle of ≈62%. Such an innovative thermoelectric signal arises from the efficient thermo‐spin conversion effect, where the up‐spin and down‐spin electrons move in opposite directions under a temperature gradient. The present study highlights the potential of FeGaTe to enhance thermoelectric devices through efficient thermo‐spin conversion without the need for a magnetic field.
Intracavitary Spraying of Nanoregulator‐Encased Hydrogel Modulates Cholesterol Metabolism of Glioma‐Supportive Macrophage for Postoperative Glioblastoma Immunotherapy
Authors: Dong Yuanmin , Zhang Jing , Wang Yan , Zhang Yulin , Rappaport Daniella , Yang Zhenmei , Han Maosen , Liu Ying , Fu Zhipeng , Zhao Xiaotian , Tang Chunwei , Shi Chongdeng , Zhang Daizhou , Li Dawei , Ni Shilei , Li Anning , Cui Jiwei , Li Tao , Sun Peng , Benny Ofra , Zhang Cai , Zhao Kun , Chen Chen , Jiang Xinyi
Published: December 2023

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is notoriously resistant to immunotherapy due to its intricate immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Dysregulated cholesterol metabolism is implicated in the TME and promotes tumor progression. Here, it is found that cholesterol levels in GBM tissues are abnormally high, and glioma‐supportive macrophages (GSMs), an essential “cholesterol factory”, demonstrate aberrantly hyperactive cholesterol metabolism and efflux, providing cholesterol to fuel GBM growth and induce CD8+ T cells exhaustion. Bioinformatics analysis confirms that high 7‐dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) level in GBM tissues associates with increased cholesterol biosynthesis, suppressed tumoricidal immune response, and poor patient survival, and DHCR7 expression level is significantly elevated in GSMs. Therefore, an intracavitary sprayable nanoregulator (NR)‐encased hydrogel system to modulate cholesterol metabolism of GSMs is reported. The degradable NR‐mediated ablation of DHCR7 in GSMs effectively suppresses cholesterol supply and activates T‐cell immunity. Moreover, the combination of Toll‐like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonists significantly promotes GSM polarization to antitumor phenotypes and ameliorates the TME. Treatment with the hybrid system exhibits superior antitumor effects in the orthotopic GBM model and postsurgical recurrence model. Altogether, the findings unravel the role of GSMs DHCR7/cholesterol signaling in the regulation of TME, presenting a potential treatment strategy that warrants further clinical trials.
Homogeneous Repair of Highly Degraded Ni‐Rich Cathode Material with Spent Lithium Anode
Authors: Shi Ruyu , Zheng Nengzhan , Ji Haocheng , Zhang Mengtian , Xiao Xiao , Ma Jun , Chen Wen , Wang Junxiong , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Zhou Guangmin
Published: December 2023

Direct regeneration of spent lithium‐ion batteries has received wide attention owing to its potential for resource reuse and environmental benefits. The repair effect of direct regeneration methods undergoing heterogeneous repair process is usually inferior, while homogenous repair process plays a vital role to achieve satisfactory repair results. However, the practical applications of current homogeneous repair methods are challenged by the complex operations and relatively high costs owing to the requirement of additional heating or pressurization. Herein, this work proposes a simple strategy to achieve homogeneous repair of spent cathode materials under relatively mild conditions by uniformly precoating lithium source at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Followed by annealing, highly degraded LiNi0.83Co0.12Mn0.05O2 with severe Li deficiency and irreversible phase transition is repaired to have an initial capacity of 181.6 mAh g‐1 and capacity retention of 80.7% after 150 cycles at 0.5 C. The lithium source used in this strategy is from the spent lithium anode. Moreover, this strategy is suitable for the direct regeneration of various layer oxide cathode materials with different failure degrees. This work provides both theoretical guidance and practical examples for the straightforward, effective, and universally applicable direct regeneration methods.
3D‐Printed Multi‐scale Fluidics for Liquid Metals
Authors: Smith Gabriel L. , Gesell Ava S. , Restaino Michael , Tyler Joshua B. , Xu Xin , Sochol Ryan D. , Bergbreiter Sarah , Lazarus Nathan
Published: December 2023

Room‐temperature eutectic Gallium Indium (eGaIn)‐based devices offer stretchable, conductive, and reconfigurable properties for robotics, communications, and medicine. Microfluidics enables eGaIn device creation, but these typically have larger feature sizes. Recent three‐dimensional (3D) printing advancements, particularly direct laser writing (DLW), allow for sub‐100 µm microfluidic devices. However, interfacing DLW microfluidics with larger systems poses challenges in channel resist removal, eGaIn filling, and electrical integration, limiting micro‐scale liquid metal device application.
This study introduces a multiscale, cost‐effective, three‐step process combining DLW‐fluidic microchannels with centimeter‐scale substrates made via stereolithography (SLA). It establishes a robust interface between independently printed materials and simplifies eGaIn filling in microfluidic channels as small as 50 µm, potentially enabling smaller liquid metal features. The research also presents eGaIn coils with 43–770 mΩ resistance and 2–4 nH inductance. This process facilitates low‐temperature, conductive, flexible interfaces for sensors, actuators, and circuits, and expands the range for size‐dependent properties of passive electronic components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors from liquid metal.
Visible Metalenses with High Focusing Efficiency Fabricated Using Nanoimprint Lithography
Authors: McClung Andrew , Torfeh Mahsa , Einck Vincent J. , Watkins James J. , Arbabi Amir
Published: December 2023

Metasurfaces enable precise control over the properties of light and hold promise for commercial applications. However, fabricating visible metasurfaces suitable for high‐volume production is challenging and requires scalable processes. Nanoimprint lithography is a cost‐effective and high‐throughput technique that can meet this scalability requirement. This work presents a mask‐templating nanoimprint lithography process for fabricating metasurfaces with varying fill factors and negligible wavefront aberrations using composite stamps. As a proof‐of‐concept, a 6 mm diameter metalens formed of silicon nitride nano‐posts with a numerical aperture of 0.2 that operates at 550 nm is demonstrated. The nanoimprinted metalens achieves a peak focusing efficiency of (81 ± 1)%, comparable to the control metalens made with electron beam lithography with a focusing efficiency of (89 ± 1)%. Spatially resolved deflection efficiency and wavefront data, which informs design and process optimization, is also presented. These results highlight nanoimprint lithography as a cost‐effective, scalable method for visible metasurface fabrication that has potential for widespread adoption in consumer electronics and imaging systems.
Electrically Triggered Color‐Changing Materials: Mechanisms, Performances, and Applications
Authors: Jia Ruiming , Xiang Shuhong , Wang Yuechuan , Chen Hong , Xiao Ming
Published: December 2023

Electrically triggered color‐changing materials, termed as electrochromic materials, offer precise and programmable color transistions through the manipulation of electric field frequency and amplitude. They are used as displays, sensors, military camouflage, wearable devices, and anticounterfeiting materials. Their future advancements depend on clear understanding of the color change mechanisms and pros/cons between different electrochromic materials. To this end, we starts by categorizing electrochromism into two classes according to color production mechanism: chemical color‐based and physical color‐based. Within the former, color emerges from chemical molecules selectively absorbing specific wavelengths of light and color changes stem from electrochemical redox reactions. The latter, meanwhile, hinges upon electrically induced alterations in the geometries, dimensions, or arrangements of nano/micro structures, such as photonic crystals and plasmonic nanostructures. The principles of color changes in both categories are detailed, and compare their differences in terms of response time, operating voltage, degree of color change, and stability. At the end, their applications will be discussed spanning from smart windows to color display, dynamic camouflage, energy storage, and thermal management. This critical review is aimed to provide multidisciplinary insights that will benefit both novices and seasoned experts engaged in fundamental exploration or practical investigations of electrochromic materials.
Wireless Magnetoelectrochemical Induction of Rotational Motion
Authors: Tieriekhov Kostiantyn , Sojic Neso , Bouffier Laurent , Salinas Gerardo , Kuhn Alexander
Published: December 2023

Electromagnetically induced rotation is a key process of many technological systems that are used in daily life, especially for energy conversion. In this context, the Lorentz force‐induced deviation of charges is a crucial physical phenomenon to generate rotation. Herein, they combine the latter with the concept of bipolar electrochemistry to design a wireless magnetoelectrochemical rotor. Such a device can be considered as a wet analog of a conventional electric motor. The main driving force that propels this actuator is the result of the synergy between the charge‐compensating ion flux along a bipolar electrode and an external magnetic field applied orthogonally to the surface of the object. The trajectory of the wirelessly polarized rotor can be controlled by the orientation of the magnetic field relative to the direction of the global electric field, producing a predictable clockwise or anticlockwise motion. Fine‐tuning of the applied electric field allows for addressing conducting objects having variable characteristic lengths.
Multiple Energy Transfer Channels in Rare Earth Doped Multi‐Exciton Emissive Perovskites
Authors: Li Huwei , Han Kai , Li Zheyu , Yue Hongxia , Fu Xinyu , Wang Xinyu , Xia Zhiguo , Song Shuyan , Feng Jing , Zhang Hongjie
Published: December 2023

Revealing the energy transfer (ET) process from excitons to rare earth ions in halide perovskites has great guiding value for designing optoelectronic materials. Here, the multiple ET channels in multi‐exciton emissive Sb3+/Nd3+ co‐doped Cs2ZrCl6 are explored to comprehend the ET processes. Förster–Dexter ET theory reveals that the sensitizer concentration rather than the overlap integral of the spectra plays the leading function in the comparison of the ET efficiency among multiple ET channels from the host self‐trapped excitons (STEs) and dopant triplet STEs to Nd3+ ions. Besides, Sb3+/Nd3+ co‐doped Cs2ZrCl6 enables varied color delivery and has great potential as anti‐counterfeiting material. Under X‐ray irradiation, Sb3+/Nd3+ co‐doped Cs2ZrCl6 presents a high light yield of ≈13300 photons MeV−1 and promising X‐ray imaging ability. This work provides new insight for investigating the ET efficiency among multiple ET processes and presents great potentiality of multi‐exciton emissive perovskites in the fields of anti‐counterfeiting and X‐ray imaging.
Intermediate Phase Modification Enables High‐Performance Iodine‐Rich Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells with 3000‐Hour Stability
Authors: Ma Simin , Xue Xiaoyang , Wang Kang , Wen Qian , Han Yunhui , Wang Jiaqi , Yao Hui , Lu Hui , Cui Lihua , Ma Jinfu , Zhang Lu , Liu Lu , Zhang Haoxiang , Farhadi Bita , Wang Kai , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: December 2023

The presence of excess secondary‐phase PbI2 in perovskite films shows a negative impact on their long‐term stability. Herein, an intermediate phase modification (IPM) strategy is proposed to eliminate residual PbI2 for improved quality of all‐inorganic CsPbI3‐type perovskite films, wherein the extrinsic agent is introduced to address the intermediate phase. By transforming residual PbI2 into a novel 1D perovskite phase, the IPM strategy acts as a patch to suture grain boundaries in the inorganic perovskite films. In addition, the IPM strategy not only enhances the quality of perovskite films but also mitigates energy disorder, reduces trap state density, and prolongs carrier lifetime by expediting the intermediate phase conversion process and passivating surface defects. As such, the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ≈20% and a high fill factor of 83.3% are considered to be very efficient, with excellent shelf stability of 3000 h of exposure in air without any encapsulation. This work not only exhibits a novel optimization route for inorganic perovskite but also emphasizes the crucial role of eliminating residual PbI2 in inorganic perovskites.
Reactivities of Photoredox Generated Nickel‐Nucleophilic Reactive Organometallic Species
Authors: Gualandi Andrea , Calogero Francesco , Corbisiero Dario , Pinosa Emanuele , Cozzi Pier Giorgio
Published: December 2023

Dual photoredox catalysis has revolutionized the field of cross‐coupling reactions, enabling the discovery of numerous highly efficient reactions. This breakthrough is attributed to the exceptional combination of nickel catalysis with photoredox catalysis. Nickel exhibits both oxidative addition and reductive elimination processes, and a wide range of oxidation states (ranging from I to IV) accessible within a single catalytic cycle. Furthermore, nickel complexes are capable of catalyzing various processes through radical mechanisms. The latest feature has proven to be incredibly potent in facilitating the formation of new C−C and C−X bonds (X=H, O, S, N). The powerful combination of photoredox and nickel catalysis reveals an expansive domain of unexplored possibilities. It offers unparalleled opportunities for improving reactions and exploring innovative pathways. Under photoredox conditions, it is possible to form nucleophilic reactive organometallic intermediates, useful in reaction with electrophiles. We have devoted a research program towards the rediscovery and use of organometallic reagents, introduced by Corey, Hegedus, and Semmelack many years ago. The results unveiled the extraordinary capabilities of photoredox catalysis, enabling the creation and efficient utilization of potent nucleophilic organometallic reagents under mild conditions, free from the need for strong bases or stoichiometric metal reductants.
Blood‐based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and cognitive function from mid‐ to late life
Authors: Wang Xin , Bakulski Kelly M. , Karvonen‐Gutierrez Carrie A. , Park Sung Kyun , Morgan David , Albin Roger L. , Paulson Henry L.
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION

We investigated associations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) serum biomarkers with longitudinal changes in cognitive function from mid‐ to late life among women.

METHODS

The study population included 192 women with the median age of 53.3 years at baseline, from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Michigan Cohort, followed up over 14 years. Associations between baseline serum amyloid β (Aβ)42, the Aβ42/40 ratio, phosphorylated tau181 (p‐tau181), and total tau with longitudinal changes in cognition were evaluated using linear mixed effects models.

RESULTS

After adjusting for confounders, lower Aβ42/40 ratios were associated with faster declines in the Digit Span Backward Test. Higher p‐tau181 also showed a borderline statistically significant association with more rapid decline in the Symbol Digit Modalities Test.

DISCUSSION

Our findings suggest that mid‐life serum AD biomarkers could be associated with accelerated cognitive decline from mid‐ to late life in women. Future studies with larger samples are needed to validate and extend our findings.

Highlights

This study investigates midlife serum AD biomarkers on longitudinal cognitive function changes in women.

Mid‐life serum AD biomarkers are associated with accelerated cognitive decline.

A decrease in the Aβ42/40 ratio was associated with a faster decline in the DSB score.

A higher p‐tau181 concentration was associated with a faster decline in the SDMT score.
Dual Nature of Thiophene Harnessed in the Design of Near‐Infrared Emitters via Antiaromaticity Relief
Authors: Nowak‐Król Agnieszka
Published: December 2023

Near‐infrared (NIR) emitters are of great interest for applications in bioimaging and modern technology. Yet the design of such materials with decent characteristics is challenging due to intrinsic limitations. In a recent article, Murai and Yamaguchi report the synthesis of NIR emitters with appreciable fluorescence quantum yields reaching 0.02 at 878 nm in CH2Cl2 solution. The low band gaps were achieved by a new design strategy exploiting antiaromaticity relief. This concept was realized for compounds consisting of an antiaromatic azepine central ring fused to thiophene moieties. In these systems, thiophene unfolds its dual nature. On the one hand, it contributes to the high antiaromaticity of azepine; on the other hand, it exerts a stabilizing effect on azepine through the formation of a quinoid structure, which reduces its antiaromaticity and shifts the absorption and emission maxima into the NIR region.
Effect of sesame paste by protease hydrolysis: Physicochemical properties, storage stability, and flavor
Authors: Gao Pan , Ding Yunpeng , Yu Hui , Zhou Tong , Wei Xueding , Zhong Wu , Hu Chuanrong , He Dongping
Published: December 2023

In this study, the effect of protease hydrolysis on the stability and flavor of a sesame oil–paste system was investigated. The optimum amount of protease addition, determined by testing the effects of protease addition on the improvement in the oil–paste separation of sesame paste (SP), was investigated using 7% neutral protease (NP), 5% papain (PP), 7% trypsin (TP), and 5% flavourzyme (FZ). The flavor differences among these four groups of samples were investigated, and storage experiments were conducted for 28 days to observe the changes in quality. Finally, the principal component analysis (PCA) calculations showed that the samples in the 5% FP group performed the best, with a considerable improvement in the stability of the sesame paste–oil system during storage. The oil separation capacity (OSC) decreased by 9.1% during storage, the acid value (AV) increased by 1.00 mg/g and the peroxide value (POV) increased by 0.3 mmol/kg compared with those of the control group. This group also had the highest total sensory (4.25 score) and nutty (5.83 score) scores based on the total pyrazine content. Therefore, protease hydrolysis has promising application prospects for increasing the stability of sesame paste.
Quick response‐encoded chip engraved onto multifunctional aspirin loaded enteric films by fused filament fabrication‐3D printing
Authors: Lahari Thotapalli , Banerjee Subham
Published: December 2023

Digital fabrication technology revolutionizing the pharmaceutical industry, offering patient‐centric personalized medicine with tailored pharmacotherapy. In this study, we demonstrated fused filament fabrication coupled with hot melt extrusion for the fabrication of aspirin (ASP) loaded enteric film engraved onto QR‐encoded polylactic acid films for enteric intestinal specific ASP delivery. Further, QR‐encoded films (QRFs) were formulated and its physicochemical properties were assessed systematically. All the QRFs were scannable and readable. Interestingly, due to the advantage of the plasticizing effect of ASP, the formulation was optimized with drug and polymer ratio excluding the usage of any filler and plasticizers. The compatibility study was assessed by attenuated total reflectance and Raman spectroscopy. The physicochemical evaluation was further performed by scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Gastric resistance was assessed via performing dissolution study at gastric pH for 4 h, with a lag phase followed by radical increase in an alkaline for next 8 h. Korsmeyer–Peppas model was found to be the best‐fit mathematical kinetic model (R2 > 0.9475 and n = 0.514). This type of QRFs can help the tailoring doses and patients can know the details of the drug that has to be taken.
A novel output redefinition method for nonlinear H∞attitude stabilization of a flexible spacecraft
Authors: Majid Esmaeilzadeh Seyed , Sadegh Zeyghami Mohammad
Published: December 2023

This paper addresses a novel output redefinition method for the nonlinear attitude stabilization problem of a flexible spacecraft. As an idea, the flexible appendage tip‐point can be selected as attitude output which may improve attitude pointing accuracy. However, it makes the system non‐minimum phase. The output redefinition method is an effective method to make the system minimum phase. In this paper, a novel output redefinition is proposed to overcome the non‐minimum phase property such that it improves the attitude control system performance. Then, a nonlinear controller is designed based on back‐stepping approach and a modal observer. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in the presence of model uncertainties and environmental disturbances.
Fulfilling modern astrophysical observations and lattice QCD constraints based on a nonlocal NJL model with 3D form factor
Authors: Contrera G. A. , Carlomagno J. P. , Grunfeld A. G.
Published: December 2023

In the present work, we employ a nonlocal Nambu–Jona–Lasinio (NJL) model with a Gaussian form factor that is dependent on the spatial components of the momentum (3D‐FF). Focusing on the temperature‐baryon chemical potential plane, we investigate some aspects of the phase diagram. Initially, we propose an assumption that the range of interactions in momentum space may be modified by temperature, allowing us to obtain the critical temperature values based on lattice QCD (LQCD) predictions. Subsequently, we consider this model within a hybrid framework to examine the effects of temperature, together with neutrino trapping, in compact object configurations.
BLM mutation is associated with increased tumor mutation burden and improved survival after immunotherapy across multiple cancers
Authors: Shi Huiping , Gao Liang , Yin Hong , Jiang Min
Published: December 2023

Background

BLM encodes a RecQ DNA helicase that regulates genomic stability, and its mutations are associated with increased cancer susceptibility. Here, we show a multifaceted role of BLM mutations in tumorigenesis and immunotherapy.

Methods and Results:

A total of 10,967 cancer samples from the cancer genome atlas database were analyzed, 1.6% of which harbored BLM somatic mutations. BLM mutation was found to be associated with increased tumor mutation burden and more immune‐active tumor microenvironment in these patients. Moreover, clinical data of 2785 patients from nine immunotherapy studies were analyzed to study BLM mutations' impact on immunotherapy. Among them, 69 patients harbored BLM mutations, and interestingly, they had significantly higher survival probability than patients without BLM mutations. Cancer patients with BLM mutations had higher complete response and partial response rates, but lower progressive disease rate than BLM nonmutant patients.

Conclusion

Our study shows that BLM mutation is related to improved survival after immunotherapy across multiple cancers.
Underrepresentation of Hispanics in clinical trials for liver cancer in the United States over the past 20 years
Authors: Monge Cecilia , Greten Tim F.
Published: December 2023

Importance

Accurate representation of racial and ethnic population subgroups in clinical trials is fundamental to ensure universal effectiveness of new therapies as well as to decrease disparities in oncology care.

Objective

To determine whether Hispanic people are underrepresented in Phase I and II clinical trials for liver cancer in the United States.

Participants

A database search was performed in clinicaltrials.gov for interventional liver cancer studies based only in the US with reported results from September 1, 2002, to February 1, 2023. A total of 37 trials with 963 total patients met inclusion criteria and were included for further analysis. Proportion of total patients by race/ethnicity was calculated for non‐Hispanic white, non‐Hispanic black, Asian, Hispanic, and American Indian/Alaska Native subpopulations. The age‐adjusted incidence rates of liver and intrahepatic bile duct were acquired from the National Cancer Institute, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program.

Results

Liver cancer incidence rates (per 100,000 people) were highest in Indians/Alaska Native people (18.8 cases) followed by Hispanic people (15.1 cases), then Asian people (12.5 cases), then non‐Hispanic black people (11 cases), and non‐Hispanic white people (7.5 cases). From a total of 91 phase I or II clinical trials for liver cancer in the US, 41% reported race/ethnicity enrollment data; among these, 62.8% of patients were non‐Hispanic White, 15.9% were non‐Hispanic black, 8.8% were Hispanic, 12.7% Asian, and 0.5% American Indian/Alaska Native.

Conclusions and Relevance

Less than half of phase I or II clinical trials for liver cancer in the US in the last 20 years reported race/ethnicity data to clinicaltrials.gov. Compared to the relative incidence rate of liver cancer, non‐Hispanic black people and Hispanic people are underrepresented in these clinical trials.
An assessment‐based approach to understanding intersectional privilege
Authors: Neal Keith Sheerah , Boyd Danielle Pester , Montgomery Erica , Coleman Monica L.
Published: December 2023

Awareness of intersectional privilege is a theme woven throughout the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies (MSJCC). However, a paucity of resources exists to guide counselor educators and supervisors in helping counselors‐in‐training (CITs) examine personal positions of privilege embedded within the MSJCC framework. The Intersectional Privilege Screening Inventory (IPSI) is among the first instruments yielding psychometrically valid scores to assess intersectional privilege as a training tool for CITs. We urge counselor educators and supervisors to employ the IPSI to facilitate CIT growth and development in multicultural and social justice counseling. A brief review of the literature on intersectionality, privilege, and intersectional privilege is presented as a foundational context for the broader discussion of the IPSI. We then describe a conceptual approach for using the IPSI in CIT training and development followed by case examples highlighting the IPSI's utility. We conclude with implications for counselor education and supervision.
Nutrition of Florida lawns when summer fertilizer blackout period is enforced
Authors: Sierra Augustinus I. Alejandra , Boeri P. Agustin , Arevalo Alvarenga A. Fernanda , Unruh J. Bryan , Schiavon Marco
Published: December 2023

In Florida, multiple counties restrict the application of N to turfgrass and landscapes during the summer rainy season. These summer fertilizer blackout periods could impact turfgrass quality and the functionality of warm‐season turfgrass species. A 2‐year study was conducted at the University of Florida's Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center (FLREC) and West Florida Research and Education Center (WFREC) to assess turfgrass performance of ‘Floratam’ and ‘Classic’ St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze] as well as ‘Empire’ and ‘Palisades’ zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), respectively, receiving no N fertilization during summer blackout period using eight fertilization programs compared to an unfertilized control. Visual quality, normalized difference vegetation index, percentage green cover, and dark green color index were assessed biweekly. Roots were collected before and after the fertilizer blackout period to determine root dry weight. While no differences were detected in St. Augustinegrass at the FLREC and zoysiagrass at the WFREC, all fertilized treatments except urea reached and maintained an acceptable turfgrass quality (≥6) throughout the blackout period, suggesting that urea by itself was not sufficient to support an optimal turfgrass performance during a fertilizer blackout period. The addition of P to nutrition programs did not influence turfgrass quality. Results indicate that N source is the most important factor to sustain turfgrass quality year‐round in Florida.
Template Assisted Formation of 32 and 34π Octaphyrins Embedded with Dithienopyrrole Cores: A New Scaffold to Unravel Proton Coupled Redox Switching and (Anti)Aromaticity
Authors: Edwin Aathira , Krishnan Gayathri , Jayaprakash Ajay , Pathiyil Anilkumar Sankeerthana , Sabapathi Gokulnath
Published: December 2023

Herein, we report two distinct octaphyrins obtained by the condensation of new dithieno[3,2‐b:2’,3’‐d]pyrrole based tetrapyrrane under two different acidic conditions. Fourfold meso‐substituted octaphyrin was the major product when the reaction was performed in the presence of an aryl aldehyde using trifluoroacetic acid. Whereas, the sixfold meso‐substituted octaphyrin was obtained when the precursor was condensed with pentafluorobenzaldehyde using para‐toluenesulfonic acid. Such a template effect of aryl aldehydes in oxidative coupling reactions is realized for the first time in literature. Experimental and theoretical studies suggested that the oxidized form of fourfold meso‐substituted octaphyrin is 32π antiaromatic and undergoes proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) to the protonated form of 34π aromatic congener upon treatment with protic acids. Furthermore, small organic molecules such as alcohols and amines were also found to promote chemical reduction. Single crystal X‐ray structure revealed that the aromatic counterpart is highly planar and stabilized by several intermolecular H‐bonding and F−F interactions, leading to a large 3D supramolecular arrangement and exhibited colorimetric sensing for fluoride and hydroxide anions. On the other hand, sixfold meso‐substituted octaphyrin did not show (anti)aromatic features, PCET or anion sensing, but its intriguing absorption features associated with protonation could make it an ideal candidate for pH‐dependent bioimaging.
γ‐Cyclodextrins as Supramolecular Reactors for the Three‐component Aza‐Darzens Reaction in Water
Authors: Patamia Vincenzo , Saccullo Erika , Zagni Chiara , Tomarchio Rosario , Quattrocchi Giuseppe , Floresta Giuseppe , Rescifina Antonio
Published: December 2023

In recent decades, many efforts have been devoted to studying reactions catalyzed in nanoconfined spaces. The most impressive aspect of catalysis in nanoconfined spaces is that the reactivity of the molecules can be smartly driven to disobey classical behavior. A green and efficient three‐component aza‐Darzens (TCAD) reaction using a catalytic amount of γ‐cyclodextrins (CDs) in water has been developed to synthesize N‐phenylaziridines. CDs effectively performed this reaction in an environmentally friendly setting, achieving good yields. The same reaction was then performed using polymeric γ‐CD such as a γ‐cyclodextrin polymer crosslinked (GCDPC) with epichlorohydrin, a sponge‐like macroporous γ‐cyclodextrin‐based cryogel (GCDC), and a γ‐cyclodextrin‐based hydrogel (GCDH). The homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst recovery was then studied, and it was proved to be easily recycled several times without relevant activity loss. Water, as a unique and eco‐friendly reaction medium, has been utilized for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, in this reaction. The inclusion of the reagents in CDs has been studied and rationalized by NMR spectroscopy experiments and molecular modeling calculations. The credit of the presented protocol includes good yields and catalyst reusability and precludes the use of organic solvents.
Successful Prediction of Fetal Exposure to Dual BCRP/P‐gp Drug Substrates Using the Efflux Ratio‐Relative Expression Factor Approach and PBPK M&S
Authors: Balhara Ankit , Yin Mengyue , Unadkat Jashvant D.
Published: December 2023

To inform fetal drug safety, it is important to determine or predict fetal drug exposure throughout pregnancy. The former is not possible in the first or second trimester. In contrast, at the time of birth, fetal drug exposure, relative to maternal exposure, can be estimated as Kp,uu (unbound fetal umbilical venous (UV) plasma area under the curve (AUC)/unbound maternal plasma (MP) AUC), provided the observed UV/MP values, spanning the dosing interval, are available from multiple maternal‐fetal dyads. However, this fetal Kp,uu cannot be extrapolated to other drugs. To overcome the above limitations, we have used an efflux ratio‐relative expression factor (ER‐REF) approach to successfully predict the fetal Kp,uu of P‐gp substrates. Because many drugs taken by pregnant people are also BCRP substrates, here, we extend this approach to drugs that are effluxed by both placental BCRP and P‐gp or P‐gp alone. To verify our predictions, we chose drugs for which UV/MP data were available at term: glyburide and imatinib (both BCRP and P‐gp substrates) and nelfinavir (only P‐gp substrate). First, the ER of the drugs was determined using Transwells and MDCKII cells expressing either BCRP or P‐gp. Then, the ER was scaled using the proteomics‐informed REF value to predict the fetal Kp,uu of the drug at term. The ER‐REF predicted fetal Kp,uu of glyburide (0.43), imatinib (0.42), and nelfinavir (0.40) fell within two‐fold of the corresponding in vivo fetal Kp,uu (0.44, 0.37, and 0.46, respectively). These data confirm that the ER‐REF approach can successfully predict fetal drug exposure to BCRP/P‐gp and P‐gp substrates, at term.
A Comparative Study on the Structural and Optical Properties of NiMoO4 Nanomaterials Synthesized by Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Route
Authors: Kuri Ramappa Sangappa , Sahana B. V. , Kumar M. Uday , Swetha R. , Kumari Latha
Published: December 2023

In the present work, a transition metal‐based ternary oxide of NiMoO4 nanomaterials is prepared by both hydrothermal and solvothermal methods with various synthesis conditions. Structural evolution as a function of increase in calcination temperature is also discussed. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis presents the surface morphology of as‐prepared samples with an apparent change in the particle size under different synthesis conditions. Energy Dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDAX) analysis confirms the chemical composition of the nanomaterials. Structural analysis by X‐Ray powder Diffraction (XRD) exhibits the formation of 𝛼 and β‐phase of NiMoO4 and further pure 𝛼‐phase is observed at calcination temperature of 650 °C. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicates various functional groups present in NiMoO4 sample. UV–vis absorption spectra present a broad peak around 220–450 nm. A direct and indirect energy band gap of ≈2.2 and ≈1.9 eV, respectively is calculated for NiMoO4 nanomaterials synthesized at 180 and 220 °C for 24 h and calcinated at 650 °C. NiMoO4 nanomaterials and their composites find an application as electrode materials in supercapacitor.
Efficient Fast Fractionation of Biomass Using a Diol‐Based Deep Eutectic Solvent for Facilitating Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Obtaining High‐Quality Lignin
Authors: Cheng Jinyuan , Liu Xuze , Zhan Yunni , Wang Jia , Meng Xianzhi , Zhou Xuelian , Geun Yoo Chang , Huang Caoxing , Huang Chen , Fang Guigan , Ragauskas Arthur J.
Published: December 2023

Current DES pretreatment is often performed under relatively severe conditions with high temperature, long time, and high DES usage. This work studied a short‐time diol DES (deep eutectic solvent) pretreatment under mild conditions to fractionate the bamboo, facilitate enzymatic hydrolysis, and obtain high‐quality lignin. At an optimized condition of 130 °C for only 10 min, lignin and xylan removal reached 61.34 % and 84.15 %, with residual glucan showing a ~90 % enzymatic hydrolysis yield. Equally important, the dissolved lignin could be readily recovered with 97.51 % yield, exhibiting 96.65 % β‐O‐4 preservation. The fractionation and lignin protection mechanisms were unveiled by XRD, FTIR, cellulose‐DP, 2D HSQC NMR, 31P NMR and GPC analysis. This study highlighted that short‐time fractionation of bamboo can be achieved by a diol‐based DES which is an ideal strategy to upgrade the lignocellulose biomass for high enzymatic hydrolysis yields and high‐quality lignin stream.
High‐performance Ni‐free sustainable cathode Na0.67Mg0.05Fe0.1Mn0.85O2 for sodium‐ion batteries
Authors: Lavela Pedro , Leyva Julia , Tirado José Luis
Published: December 2023

Having in mind the remarkable economic and environmental issues involved in the presence of nickel and cobalt metals in electrode compositions, new Na0.67Mg0.05Fe0.1NixMn0.85‐xO2 (x=0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) with a P2 type layered structure, are synthesized to be essayed as positive electrodes in sodium‐ion batteries. The sol‐gel route here proposed favors the obtention of highly pure and crystalline samples with a homogeneous distribution of the constituting elements. Both galvanostatic and voltammetric tests reveal a superior electrochemical behavior for the Ni‐free sample, which delivers 94 mA h g−1 at 5C. This excellent performance is associated with a good kinetic response in terms of low charge and discharge hysteresis, high Na+ diffusivity, and low cell resistance. Ex‐situ measurements evidenced the combined contribution of both the reversible electrolyte insertion and the formation of peroxo species. These advantageous properties allow this electrode to reach a remarkable behavior when is cycled either to low temperatures or high rates.
The Prl3d1‐Cre mouse line selectively induces the expression of Cre recombinase in parietal trophoblast giant cells
Authors: Pan Linqing , Zhu Fuquan , Yu Aochen , Jiang Yuan , Wang Dayu , Zhou Minglian , Jia Chao , Cui Yugui , Tang Lisha , Tang Huaiyun , Li Juan
Published: December 2023

The placenta plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of normal pregnancy, but how it forms, matures, and performs its function remains poorly understood. Here, we describe a novel mouse line (Prl3d1‐iCre) that expresses iCre recombinase under the control of the endogenous prl3d1 promoter. Prl3d1 has been proposed as a marker for distinguishing trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) from other trophoblast cells in the placenta. The in vivo efficiency and specificity of the Cre line were analyzed by interbreeding Prl3d1‐iCre mice with B6‐G/R reporter mice. Through anatomical studies of the placenta and other tissues of Prl3d1‐iCre/+; B6‐G/R mouse mice, we found that the tdTomato signal was expressed in parietal trophoblast giant cells (P‐TGCs). Thus, we report a mouse line with ectopic Cre expression in P‐TGCs, which provides a valuable tool for studying human pathological pregnancies caused by implantation failure or abnormal trophoblast secretion due to aberrant gene regulation.