bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling emmetropization and myopization
Authors:   , Farzanfar Arezoo
Published: January 2025

This thesis investigates the dynamics of refractive development by analyzing axial and total refractive power using bi-exponential functions to model different refractive development courses reported in the literature, including instant emmetropization, and myopia. The model was adjusted to simulate refractive development in school-age myopia and pseudophakia. Myopia, which arises from an imbalance between the axial length and optical power of the eye, is driven by genetic and environmental factors, including near-vision activities and reduced time outdoors, and its global prevalence is expected to increase significantly. Insights from animal studies confirmed the role of retinal signals and visual stimuli, such as chromatic cues and image degradation, in regulating eye growth and the onset of myopia. However, the limitations of animal models to fully represent human ocular responses underscore the need for more precise models. For example, while animal studies suggest that choroidal thickening may counteract myopia, its effectiveness in humans remains uncertain. So, this thesis proposes an active emmetropization model by integrating bi-exponential functions for axial length and total refractive power with retinal feedback mechanisms, aiming to simulate ocular growth processes more accurately. This approach uses two ordinary differential equations incorporating both closed-loop and open-loop components to represent retinal blur and excessive axial growth, respectively. Controlled by 18 parameters, the model successfully replicates refractive development in both normal and myopic eyes, demonstrating that early onset of myopia, excessive axial growth, and maximal crystalline lens power are associated with higher degrees of myopia. Validation was achieved through cross-sectional and longitudinal studies from literature. Additionally, this thesis explores how environmental factors, specifically defocus and chromatic cues, influence contrast sensitivity function (CSF) in both emmetropic and myopic individuals. The findings reveal that defocus and color significantly impact CSF, with green filters enhancing and blue filters reducing sensitivity. Myopic eyes showed a greater decline in CSF with increasing defocus compared to emmetropic, providing key insights into how environmental conditions shape ocular development. Future research will focus on refining the proposed eye growth model by incorporating additional variables such as color and defocus to further enhance its predictive accuracy. Furthermore, the thesis examines how variations in ocular biometry contribute to refractive errors at a population level. Using an error propagation method across two ocular modeling techniques—the simple and matrix methods, the study identifies axial length as the primary driver of refractive error variation, particularly during myopia progression, with secondary influences from corneal and lens power.
Narrativa do Testemunho a partir da obra "O Pêndulo de Euclides", de Aleilton Fonseca
Authors: Assunção Davi
Published: January 2025

O presente artigo apresenta uma análise da obra O Pêndulo de Euclides, do professor e escritor baiano Aleilton Fonseca, na qual realizo uma abordagem sobre os aspectos políticos que atravessam a escrita do autor. Tais atravessamentos dizem respeito aquilo que, nesse Romance Histórico, trata-se de um forte potencial para o testemunho, capaz de produzir/revelar imagens ainda pouco visíveis do acontecimento que ficou conhecido com a Guerra de Canudos. Neste sentido, pretende-se aqui pôr em evidência a perspectiva de um escritor advindo do povo sertanejo, haja vista que a história de Canudos teve como sua principal testemunha os relatos e descrições apresentadas na obra cânone “Os Sertões”, de Euclides da Cunha, obra a qual Fonseca mostra-se ao mesmo tempo aliado e crítico. Para esses desdobramentos, faz-se de total importância as abordagens do autor alemão Georges Didi-Huberman, em sua obra Imagens apesar de tudo, além das concepções sobre memória apresentadas pela filósofa Jeanne Marie Gagnebin (2009) e as perspectivas nietzschianas sobre “verdade” (2001).
Results of reconstruction of a Deel artifact unearthed from the burial of Balar’s Khad, Ikh Nart
Authors: Chuluun Altantsetseg , Bayanzul Munkhtsetseg , Palamkhan Bolormaa
Published: January 2025

This paper presents findings from the research conducted under the collaborative project “A study of the documentary evidence to reveal the values and cultural mentality of the Mongols during the Mongol Empire” by the Research Institute of Arts and Culture, Mongolian National University of Arts and Culture (MNUAC) and the Institute of Archaeology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences. The study focuses on the design and pattern reconstruction of a Deel artifact dating back to the Mongol Empire and Yuan Dynasty. The research was carried out in the laboratory of the Institute of Archaeology, employing methods such as observation, comparison, measurement, and graphic calculations. Reconstruction techniques were applied, alongside photogrammetry and digital processing, to recreate the silk patterns.The analysis and reconstruction revealed that the Deel garment featured continuous cuts along the waistline and shoulder line, a snug fit around the waist, loose underarm areas for comfort, and long, narrow sleeves. The collar and front were diagonally overlapped with a double-layered flap, and the garment included double-pleated slits at the hips. It was insulated with fine silk fibers for warmth, indicating it was a classic design for men’s seasonal wear (warm-weather deel) from the Mongol Empire period. It was also determined that the garment was covered in silk fabric decorated with gold threads patterns woven, each pattern depicting a recumbent antelope with its head turning to its rear under a full moon.
Их Нартын Баларын хадны оршуулгаас олдсон дээлийг сэргээн бүтээсэн судалгааны үр дүн
Хураангуй: Энэхүү өгүүлэлд СУИС-ийн Соёл, урлаг судлалын хүрээлэн, ШУА-ийн Археологийн хүрээлэнгийн хамтарсан “Монголын эзэнт гүрний үеийн монголчуудын үнэт зүйлсийг баримтаар мөшгөх судалгаа” төслийн хүрээнд Монголын эзэнт гүрэн, Юань гүрний үеийн дээлийн олдвор дурсгалд хийж буй судалгааны ажлын нэг хэсэг болох дээлийн зохион бүтээлт болон торгоны хээг нэхэн сэргээсэн ажлаас танилцуулав. Судалгааг Археологийн хүрээлэнгийн лабораторид хийж гүйцэтгэсэн ба судалгаандаа ажиглалт, харьцуулалт, хэмжилт, график тооцооны арга зэрэгт үндэслэн археологийн олдвор дурсгалыг нэхэн сэргээх (реконструкц) аргыг хэрэглэснээс гадна фотограмметр, дижитал боловсруулалтын аргаар торгоны хээг нэхэн сэргээв.Ийнхүү судалж, зохион бүтээлтийн зураглал, дээлийн өнгө торгоны хээг нэхэн сэргээснээр уг дээл нь бүсэлхийн шугам, мөрний шугамаар үргэлж эсгэлттэй, бүсэлхийгээр бариу, суга өргөн чөлөөтэй, ханцуйн үзүүр урт, нарийн, зах, энгэр нь ташуу зөрсөн, лав давхар зөрлөг энгэртэй, ташаандаа хоёр давхар нугалаа бүхий хагалаа оноотой, торгон ширхэглэг зулж дулаалсан байгаа нь Монголын эзэнт гүрний үеийн эрэгтэйчүүдийн сэрүүн улирлын (дулаан дээл) сонгодог загвартай дээл болохыг тодорхойлов. Мөн, уг дээлийг бодь гөрөөсний дүрслэл бүхий алтан утаст хээтэй торгоор өнгөлсөн болохыг тогтоов.
Түлхүүр үгс: археологийн олдвор, хувцас, сэргээн бүтээх
Oxcarts in Mongolian civilization, its construction, usage and phrases
Authors: Mijiddorj Enkhbaatar
Published: January 2025

Among Mongolians today, there are very few people who make oxcarts, train their oxes, and move around. Therefore, for all Mongolians, the traditions and usages of making oxcarts, as well as related phrases, are slowly disappearing. In this article, based on the ethnographic research conducted among the Khuvsgul, Zavkhan, and Arkhangai provinces, who live on the back and sides of the Khangai mountain range and still use oxcarts in their daily lives, we will share the tradition of making oxcarts, the types of oxcarts, and the skills of the oxcarters.
Монгол соёл иргэншил дэх үхэр тэрэг, түүний хийц, хэрэглээ, үг хэллэг
Хураангуй: Өнөөгийн монголчуудын дунд үхэр тэрэг хийж, амбан шараа сурган хөллөж, отор нүүдлийн ая дагаж буй газар тун цөөхөн билээ. Тиймээс нийт монголчуудын хувьд үхэр тэрэг хийх уламжлал, хэрэглээ, түүнтэй холбоотой хэл хэллэгүүд аажим аажмаар алсарч байна. Тус өгүүлэлд Хангай нурууны ар, өврөөр нутаглан, ахуй амьдралдаа үхэр тэргээ ашигласаар буй Хөвсгөл, Завхан, Архангай аймгийнхны дунд хийсэн угсаатны зүйн судалгаанд тулгуурлан үхэр тэрэг хийх уламжлал, үхэр тэрэгний төрлүүд, тэрэгчдийн ур ухаан зэргийг хуваалцах юм.
Түлхүүр үгс: биет ба биет бус соёлын өв, үхэр тэрэг, бүтэц, хэрэглээ, үг хэллэг
Plan de acción para la formación de equipos de alto rendimiento en servicios de seguridad aeroportuaria
Authors: Hernández Morales Nakú Guadalupe , Vázquez Tzitzihua Leticia , Hernández Cortez Magdalena , López Cruz María de Lourdes
Published: January 2025

El presente proyecto consiste en crear un escenario propicio para el personal de una empresa de servicios de seguridad privada, donde la autogestión sea su principal característica para construir un camino hacia la formación de los equipos de alto rendimiento. Uno de los motivos por el cual se realizó esta investigación fue debido a la problemática que actualmente se presenta dentro de las instalaciones del Aeropuerto de Veracruz “General Heriberto Jara Corona” donde los empleados de seguridad presentan áreas de oportunidad en las auditorias que se han implementado en la misma organización. Se pretende desarrollar una nueva cultura organizacional basada en el trabajo en equipo, liderazgo, resolución de problemas y comunicación afectiva. Se realizó la investigación con el propósito de mejorar la calidad del servicio mediante la capacitación del personal de seguridad. Por lo que se tomó como método el modelo las 5 disfunciones de un equipo de trabajo de Patrick Lencioni para descubrir las causas fundamentales dentro de la organización y las claves para superarlas, así como uso de histogramas para comparación de resultados. Al finalizar el estudio, se diseñó un plan de acción con estrategias de mejoramiento de la calidad del servicio, en total se plantearon 26 actividades, repartidas entre 6 objetivos a evaluar; mismos que se enfocan en programas de Liderazgo, Comunicación y Capacitación.
FEATURES OF FOREIGN LITERATURE OF THE 18TH CENTURY: ON THE EXAMPLE OF RUSSIAN LITERATURE
Authors: Mamadkulova Kamila
Published: January 2025

This article is devoted to the Age of Enlightenment in Russian literature of the 18th century. Russian literature of the 18th century has come a long way in its development: from classicism to sentimentalism, from the ideal of an enlightened monarch to the intimate experiences of a person. The study of Russian literature of the 18th century is not limited to the fact that it posed and, if possible, resolved the pressing issues of its time. It largely prepared the brilliant achievements of the 19th century.
KLASIFIKASI PENERIMA BANTUAN SKTM MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA NAIVE BAYES: STUDI KASUS DESA PESANGGRAHAN
Authors: Ahmad Ahmad Gunawan , Zaehol Fatah Zaehol Fatah
Published: January 2025

Implementation of the Naive Bayes algorithm for the classification of recipients of the Certificate of Inability to Pay (SKTM) assistance in Pesanggrahan Village. The classification process is carried out manually and using the RapidMiner application to validate the results. Manual calculations are carried out by calculating the probability of each attribute, such as occupation, age, income, marital status, vehicle, and asset ownership. The calculation results show that the probability for the "eligible" category is 0.097254, while the "uneligible" category has a probability of zero, so that the resident is classified as eligible to receive assistance. And, the calculation results using RapidMiner show results that are consistent with manual calculations. The Naive Bayes algorithm successfully classifies data with high accuracy, ensuring that assistance is more targeted to residents who meet the criteria. The implementation of this method provides an effective solution to overcome the problem of inaccurate distribution of assistance, increasing efficiency and transparency in decision-making by village officials. Thus, the Naive Bayes algorithm can be used as a tool in the process of determining recipients of assistance that is more objective and data-based.
Accents in Flux: The Interplay of Geography, Culture, and Modern Influences in Linguistic Evolution
Authors: Alisoy Hasan
Published: January 2025

Accents are dynamic markers of linguistic, cultural, and geographical identity, reflecting the complex interplay of historical, social, and modern influences. This article explores the factors that shape the evolution of accents, focusing on the roles of geography and culture. Geographic factors, such as isolation, migration, and urbanization, have historically fostered regional variations, while cultural forces influence accents through social identity, media representation, and linguistic prestige. In the modern era, globalization, technological advancements, and sociopolitical dynamics have further complicated accent formation, leading to both convergence and diversification. By examining these elements, the article highlights how accents function as powerful tools of communication, identity, and cultural expression. It also underscores the importance of preserving linguistic diversity in a globalized world.
INCLUSIVE DESIGN FOR COGNITIVE DISABILITIES
Authors: Lessa Guilherme de Abreu
Published: January 2025

This article delves into the critical role of inclusive design in addressing the unique challenges faced by individuals with cognitive disabilities. It highlights how inclusive design transcends the traditional one-size-fits-all approach, focusing on creating user-centered systems that accommodate diverse needs, including those with cognitive impairments such as ADHD, dyslexia, and autism spectrum disorder. The discussion explores key principles of accessibility standards like WCAG, emphasizing participatory design and methodologies to reduce cognitive overload. Furthermore, it examines advanced technologies, including AI and VR/AR, to enhance adaptability and personalization. By presenting case studies, guidelines, and potential pitfalls, the article underscores the importance of empathy-driven innovation and iterative design in fostering equity and usability. This work serves as a comprehensive guide to integrating inclusive practices into design processes, fostering an accessible digital and physical environment for all.
Economic Empowerment of People Through Development of Sharia Cooperatives in Rural Communities
Authors: Ulum Bachrul , Firmansyah Mohammad , Hasan Zaenol , Halili Halili
Published: January 2025

A strategic initiative to enhance community well-being is the establishment of sharia cooperatives in rural communities to enable economic empowerment of the populace. Community members can access fair and sustainable financing, financial services, and business opportunities through Sharia cooperatives, which adhere to Islamic economic principles. Through this agreeable, country networks can take advantage of neighborhood potential, fortify monetary organizations, and increment aggregate pay. Through the establishment of sharia-based cooperatives in rural communities, this study seeks to identify and evaluate effective strategies for enhancing the economic well-being of local communities and ensuring the long-term viability of a sharia-based economy. The purpose of this study, which was carried out at the Kalisat Jember Branch of KSPP Syariah BMT NU Jatim, is to ascertain the development of the community-based economic level as well as the community's interest in the products that are offered. This exploration was led utilizing an information assortment process utilizing perception, meetings and documentation. Editing, organizing, and analyzing are the steps that go into processing data, and case studies are used in analysis. According to the findings of this study, the establishment of sharia cooperatives in rural areas enhances people's economic well-being. Through preparing and coaching, helpful individuals can oversee funds utilizing sharia standards, increment pay and set out new business open doors. Accordingly, the social and monetary fortitude of the local area becomes more grounded.
Advanced Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Models for Forecasting Indonesian Stock Prices
Authors: Santosa Firman , Oktafanda Ego , Setiawan Hendrik , Latif Abdul
Published: January 2025

The Indonesian stock market is a key indicator of national economic dynamics. Blue-chip stocks, including Bank Central Asia (BBCA), Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BBRI), and Bank Mandiri (BMRI), hold significant influence due to their liquidity and impact on the market index. However, their price volatility, driven by global economic conditions, monetary policies, and market sentiment, poses challenges for accurate forecasting. This study employs the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model to address these challenges. LSTM, a deep learning technique, effectively handles time series data by capturing long-term dependencies and complex price patterns. Using historical stock data from 2019 to 2024, the model was trained and optimized. Evaluation metrics, including Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), were used to assess performance. BBCA stocks achieved the best results, with a MAPE of 0.0099 and RMSE of 128.02.The findings demonstrate LSTM's robustness in forecasting stock price trends, providing investors with valuable tools for informed decision-making. This research advances predictive analytics in financial markets, particularly in emerging economies like Indonesia, and highlights LSTM’s potential to improve accuracy in volatile environments.
Analysis of Depression Rates among Working and Non-Working Women in Karachi
Authors: Shoaib Rashmina , Jehangir Fatima , Riffat Mehwish , Abbasi Rafia , Altaf Aroosa , Madiha Athar
Published: January 2025

Background: Women frequently navigate the dual responsibilities of home and work. Although their participation in the workforce is on the rise, their domestic obligations have not diminished. This balancing act can create unavoidable work-family conflicts, often leading to job dissatisfaction and heightened stress. Nevertheless, employment can serve as a beneficial outlet, offering women a way to relieve some of the burdens associated with their household duties.
Objective: We aim to compare the quality of life and depression/anxiety of a working woman vs a stay-at-home woman in Karachi.
Methods: Place and duration of study: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 women aged 20-50 years irrespective of their occupation, marital status, and number of children in Karachi to determine the prevalence of depression in working vs non-working individuals using PHQ-9 and HAD scales and quality of life was assessed. An Independent t-test was computed to see the association of depression among working vs non-working women.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 33.2+7.7 years. The mean HAD depression score in working women was 14.8+7.9 and in non-working women was 15.3+8.7 showing depression was more common in stay-at-home women.
Conclusion: Depression tends to be more prevalent among women who are not a part of the workforce. The findings hint that the blues tend to visit non-working women more often, painting a clearer picture of the challenges they might face in day to day lives of Pakistani women.
Quantum Shifts: The Societal Implications of Quantum Computing on Security, Privacy, and the Economy
Authors:   Wheatley Research Consultancy, Bagley, Minnesota, USA, Wheatley Mary
Published: January 2025

Quantum computing is set to revolutionize various aspects of society, with its ability to process information exponentially faster than traditional computers. This article explores the transformative potential of quantum computing on societal structures, focusing primarily on its impacts on data security, privacy, and economic frameworks. It delves into the challenges and opportunities quantum computing presents, particularly in breaking conventional encryption methods and fostering the development of quantum-resistant cryptographic systems. The review also examines the broader societal implications, including privacy concerns raised by enhanced data mining capabilities and surveillance, as well as the economic transformations anticipated as industries and job markets adapt to quantum innovaaetions. Additionally, the paper discusses the ethical dilemmas and governance issues that arise, emphasizing the need for global cooperation in policy-making to manage the deployment of quantum computing technologies responsibly. The ultimate goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the impending quantum era, suggesting pathways for integrating quantum computing into society while addressing the potential disparities it could exacerbate.
Navigating the Digital Divide: A Global Perspective
Authors:   Wheatley Research Consultancy, Bagley, Minnesota, USA, Wheatley Mary
Published: January 2025

This review explores the pervasive issue of the digital divide from a global perspective, examining the significant disparities in digital access across various regions and communities. It delves into how these disparities affect educational, healthcare, economic, and political engagement, highlighting the particular challenges faced by individuals in developed versus developing nations, urban versus rural settings, and among vulnerable populations. By presenting case studies, the article illustrates both the progress and ongoing challenges in bridging this divide. The discussion includes an analysis of the impact of digital access on social inequality and development and proposes actionable strategies for stakeholders to address these digital disparities effectively. Through a multifaceted exploration, this review aims to shed light on the critical role digital access plays in shaping global societal opportunities and the necessity for concerted efforts to achieve digital equity.
Trends and Challenges in Securing Cloud Computing Environments: An Overview of Current Techniques
Authors:   Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Ahmed Waqas
Published: January 2025

Cloud computing has changed the way organizations manage their data and applications. It is highly scalable and cost-efficient. Nevertheless, the widespread adoption of cloud services poses significant security challenges in the face of emerging threats, complexities of shared responsibility, and compliance. This study considers current trends in cloud security, from adopting Zero Trust architecture to integrating artificial intelligence and machine learning for advanced threat detection. It discusses the essential techniques—including encryption, access controls, and cloud-related standards—that are being utilized to address vulnerabilities and shield multi-tenant environments. The research highlights the need for a multi-layered approach to security, proper responsibility demarcation, and technological advancement. However, there are still areas for further research, especially in adversarial attacks and defining robust security for hybrid and multi-cloud configurations. The research suggested improved collaboration among stakeholders along with investment in privacy-preserving technologies. This study highlights the importance of continuous innovation and proactive action in securing the dynamic cloud environment.
The role of CRISPR/CAS9 technology in enhancing Crop Resilience to climate change
Authors:   University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, Ahtisham Muhammad , Obaid Zainab
Published: January 2025

Climate change is posing a serious threat to future food security worldwide. With changing climate patterns, it has become increasingly urgent to utilize innovative technologies to make crops more resilient to climate changes. CRISPR/CAS9 has emerged as an innovative tool for the genetic modification of crops for improvement against climate change and stresses related to it. The review highlights the use of CRISPR/CAS9 to make staple crops such as wheat, rice, maize, barley soybean, and tomatoes more resilient against climatic stresses of temperature, salinity, and drought. By utilizing CRISPR techniques of gene knockout and knockdown, scientists are identifying potential genes that can help to make crops resilient to climate change in the future.

Moreover, in addition to the identification of the gene, CRISPR/CAS9 is enabling the researcher to understand the role of different genes under climate stress. By understanding the mechanism of gene action, researchers and plant breeders can work more precisely and efficiently by focusing on the gene relevant to make crops more resilient to climate change. Although CRISPR/CAS9-mediated crop improvement is not employed in most crops, a significant amount of work is still done in crops such as rice, soybean, and other crops discussed in the review. The versatility, precision, and ease of use enable scientists to edit or regulate multiple genes simultaneously in a crop. In short, although climate change is posing a threat to our future, food security tools like CRISPR/CAS9 are also equipping scientists with abilities to tackle these challenges.
Effect of Dispute Resolution Mechanism Reforms on Rental Income Tax Compliance Among Property Owners in Ngong Town, Kenya
Authors: Ndegwa Lilian Nyokabi , Rono Prof. Lucy , Odunga Dr. Robert
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Despite these reforms tax compliance for the rental income tax has remained low since its introduction. This study aimed to determine the effect of dispute resolution mechanism reforms on rental income tax compliance among property owners in Ngong Town, Kenya. The study was guided by the following theories: Ability to pay Theory and Conflict Resolution Theory.
Methods: The study adopted an explanatory design and the target population was 2,468 rental income tax compliance among property owners in Ngong Town, Kenya and sample size of 344 respondents. Out of a total of 344 issued questionnaires, 251 individuals correctly filled their questionnaires and submitted them resulting in a response rate of 73%.  Primary data collection was collected using structured questionnaires. The data was analyzed using descriptive, inferential statistics and multiple linear regression analysis.
Results: The study regression analysis found that dispute resolution mechanisms reforms had a positive and significant effect on rental income tax compliance β = 0.568, p = 0.000,
Conclusion: It is recommended that the government ought to prioritize enhancing dispute resolution mechanisms. The significant positive effect of these mechanisms on rental income tax compliance suggests that improving them can lead to better tax compliance rates. Future research could explore the effects of socioeconomic factors on rental income tax compliance.
Conceptual issues of local government reform in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Khamedov Isa , Tsay Igor
Published: January 2025

The issue of conceptual clarity is important for the local governance reform in Uzbekistan. The principal difference between local state administration and genuine local government is crucial for the correct design of the reform and mapping of the transformation. Selecting a foundational model of local governance is critical, as each model embodies distinct institutional logic and developmental pathways. Therefore, it is important to resolve this issue before developing the strategy of the reform.
OPTIMALISASI SCRUBBER DALAM MENURUNKAN KADAR SULFUR DIOKSIDA DI KAPAL MV. CMA CGM ELBE
Authors: David Muhammad , Kamal Akhmad Ikhsanul , Wicaksono R. Bagus , Hidayat Benny
Published: January 2025

Scrubber atau sering disebut juga sebagai "scrubber kapal", adalah perangkat yang digunakan pada kapal untuk mengurangi emisi gas buang dari mesin pembakaran internal yang menggunakan bahan bakar berbasis minyak, sepertidiesel atau bunker fuel. Exhaust gas cleaning systems (EGCS) scrubber menjadi teknologi yang lebih sering digunakan kapal untuk mencapai kepatuhan terhadap batas sulphur. Scrubber ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi emisi gas sulphur dioksida (SO2) pada nilai ambang batas 0.5% kandungan gas buang. Sulfur dioksida adalah salah satu spesies dari gas-gas oksida sulfur (SOx). Gas ini sangat mudah terlarut dalam air, memiliki bau namun tidak berwarna, SO2 dan gas-gas oksida sulfur lainnya terbentuk saat terjadi pembakaran bahan bakar fosil yang mengandung sulfur. Optimalisasi berasal dari kata optimal berarti terbaik, tertinggi. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian kualitatif adalah penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif dan cenderung menggunakan analisis. Landasanteori dimanfaatkan sebagai pemandu agar fokus penelitian sesuai dengan fakta dilapangan. Seperti peraturan IMO (Organisasi Maritim Internasional) yang membatasi kadar sulphur dalam bahan bakar kapal. Peneltian kualitatif adalah penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif dan cenderung analisis. Proses dan makna dimanfaatkan sebagai pemandu agar focus penelitian sesuai dengan fakta di lapangan. Penelitian ini adalah tentang optimalisasi Scrubber dalam menurunkan kadar sulphur dioksida di kapal MV. CMA CGM ELBE. Penyebab CEMS (continuous emission monitoring system)  mengalami alarm out of compliance  dikarenakan penurunan ph yang drastic. Ph yang tinggi dibutuhkan untuk mengikat kandungan Sulphur pada gas buang. Penurunan ph ini disebabkan bocornya pipa tanki air kapur karena terjadi penyumbatan pada pipa. Pressure pompa yang tinggi, dan adanya penyumbatan menyebabkan pipa mengalami kebocoran. Perawatan yang dilakukan adalah melakuka system bubling untuk menjaga pengendapan air kapur pada tangka. Serta melakukan flushingline dengan air tawar agar tidak ada air kapur yang tersisa pada pipa untuk menghindari penyumbatan.
The Impact of IT-Driven Real-Time Analytics on Strategic Business Decision-Making in the Digital Economy
Authors: Mustafa Mohammad Shihab
Published: January 2025

Organizations must make well-informed decisions quickly and efficiently in the quickly changing digital economy. The goal of this study is to investigate how corporate responsiveness and agility can be improved by incorporating IT-driven real-time analytics into strategic business decision-making processes. The importance of this research resides in its capacity to educate companies on the revolutionary influence of real-time data on decision-making, which will ultimately enhance operational efficiency and competitiveness. Understanding the precise impacts of real-time analytics on strategic choices in a setting marked by swift market shifts is the main issue addressed. This study analyzes case studies and existing literature on real-time analytics using a qualitative research methodology and secondary data sources. The results show that companies using real-time analytics see significant operational efficiencies, faster decision-making, and better customer acquisition and retention. However, issues with cultural sensitivity and data privacy continue to exist, underscoring the necessity for businesses to cultivate a data-driven culture. With its insights on best practices for successfully integrating real-time analytics, this study has significance for both academics and practitioners. Despite many drawbacks, such as its reliance on secondary data, the study offers a strong basis for further research into real-time analytics applications unique to particular industries. Investing in strong infrastructures for data integration and giving priority to training initiatives that foster a culture of data-driven decision-making are two policy recommendations. In the dynamic business climate of today, this study emphasizes the critical role that IT-driven real-time analytics play in determining strategic business results.
Przegląd decyzji Prezesa UOKiK dotyczących naruszeń zbiorowych interesów konsumentów na rynku usług finansowych w 2017 r.
Authors:   Zakład Europejskiego Prawa Prywatnego w Katedrze Europejskiego Prawa Gospodarczego, Drożdż Aleksandra ,   Wydział Prawa i Administracji, Uniwersytet Łódzki
Published: January 2025

W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiono najnowsze decyzje Prezesa UOKiK dotyczące naruszeń zbiorowych interesów konsumentów wydane wobec podmiotów, których działalność gospodarcza polega na świadczeniu usług finansowych. Opisano w nim często stosowane praktyki instytucji finansowych, które zostały uznane przez Prezesa UOKiK za naruszające wspomniane interesy.
Rekompensata publiczna a inne środki usunięcia trwających skutków naruszenia zbiorowych interesów konsumentów
Authors:   Uczelnia Łazarskiego w Warszawie, Wydział Prawa i Administracji, Sieradzka Małgorzata
Published: January 2025

Analiza decyzji wydawanych w sprawach praktyk naruszających zbiorowe interesy konsumentów pozwala stwierdzić, że Prezes UOKiK coraz częściej „używa” środków, które w rozumieniu publicznego prawa konkurencji nie są typowymi instrumentami o charakterze represyjnym. Rekompensata publiczna pozwala organowi antymonopolowemu nakazać bądź zobowiązać przedsiębiorcę do podjęcia konkretnych (oznaczonych) działań wobec konsumentów. Może ona przybrać postać świadczenia materialnego lub o charakterze niematerialnym. Rekompensata publiczna ma na celu usunięcie trwających skutków naruszenia zbiorowych interesów konsumentów. Środek ten nie tylko musi być konieczny do usunięcia skutków praktyki, lecz także proporcjonalny do wagi i rodzaju naruszenia.
Co dalej z rzecznikami konsumentów? Rozważania w przededniu 20-lecia instytucji
Authors:   Departament Ochrony Zbiorowych Interesów Konsumentów UOKiK, Czapliński Maciej , Kapnik Aleksandra ,   Departament Ochrony Zbiorowych Interesów Konsumentów UOKiK
Published: January 2025

Zbliżająca się 20. rocznica wprowadzenia instytucji powiatowego (miejskiego) rzecznika konsumentów to okazja do podsumowania podstaw prawnych i faktycznych funkcjonowania rzeczników oraz do postawienia pytania o jej przyszłość. Poza nielicznymi przypadkami szeroko zakreślone kompetencje rzeczników w praktyce często nie są wykorzystywane. Główną przyczyną jest brak samodzielności rzeczników w strukturze samorządu i niedostateczne finansowanie ich działalności. Poszczególne elementy systemu ochrony konsumentów indywidualnych, jakimi są m.in. rzecznicy konsumentów, organizacje pozarządowe i podmioty ADR, nie współpracują ze sobą, nie wymieniają się informacjami i doświadczeniami, dublują swe zadania, co prowadzi do marnowania potencjału i generuje nadmierne koszty. Wyzwania nowoczesnej gospodarki i zmiany, jakie zaszły w Polsce w ciągu ostatnich dwóch dekad, wymagają reformy systemu. Potrzeba nowych rozwiązań legislacyjnych, które uniezależnią i wzmocnią pozycję rzecznika w samorządzie, a także działań organizacyjnych, które pozwolą lepiej rozdzielić zadania, by odpowiedzieć na potrzeby konsumentów i zapewnić im wysoki poziom ochrony.
Porozumienia między portami lotniczymi a przewoźnikami w świetle prawa konkurencji Unii Europejskiej
Authors:   Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Kociubiński Jakub
Published: January 2025

Porozumienia między portami lotniczymi a przewoźnikami mogą powodować negatywne skutki dla rynku, jeśli przede wszystkim zaburzeniu ulegnie równowaga między zaangażowanymi przedsiębiorstwami i pojawi się relacja zależności. W transporcie lotniczym tytułowe związki dotychczas były analizowane przez pryzmat prawa pomocy publicznej, co było możliwe tak długo, jak subsydiowanie portów lotniczych umożliwiało przypisanie ich działań do państw. Skorzystanie z reguł prawa konkurencji – art. 101 i 102 TFUE – należy traktować jako alternatywę w momencie, gdy zmniejszeniu ulega zaangażowanie środków publicznych w operacje portów lotniczych. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia mechanizm powstawania antykonkurencyjnych skutków w relacji na linii port lotniczy linia lotnicza oraz analizuje możliwości i wyzwania pojawiające się w kontekście stosowania reguł konkurencji do takich porozumień, kończąc wywód wnioskami de lege ferenda.
Nowe kluczowe rozporządzenia wykonawcze w ramach filaru technicznego IV pakietu kolejowego
Authors: Zięba Michał
Published: January 2025

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia wybrane kwestie związane z zasadami stosowania filaru technicznego IV pakietu kolejowego. Kwestie te zostały uregulowane szczegółowo w dwóch rozporządzeniach wykonawczych Komisji Europejskiej wydanych w odniesieniu do dyrektywy 2016/798 w sprawie bezpieczeństwa oraz dyrektywy 2016/797 w sprawie interoperacyjności systemu kolei. Artykuł prezentuje zarys uregulowań dotyczących wykorzystywania aplikacji One Stop Shop, zakresu stosowania jednolitego certyfikatu bezpieczeństwa, kwestii językowych wniosku i dokumentacji składanej do NSA lub EUAR oraz terminów rozpatrywania wniosków o wydanie jednolitego certyfikatu bezpieczeństwa i zezwolenia dla pojazdów kolejowych.
Visualización de datos MIDI a partir de la bioconductividad del tomillo en la instalación sonora Thymus Vulgaris
Authors: Lega Lladós Ferran
Published: January 2025

El desarrollo de proyectos que convergen mediante arte, ciencia y tecnología involucrando plantas ha experimentado una notable evolución a través del uso de la interacción participativa y el análisis de sus datos en tiempo real. La experiencia generada por la interacción humana evidencia las relaciones multiespecies utilizando medios como la imagen, el sonido o los propios datos extraídos durante el proceso. Este artículo presenta el trabajo realizado con los datos en tiempo real de la instalación sonora interactiva Thymus Vulgaris (2023), exhibida en el centro de arte La Panera, In-Sonora Madrid (2024) y Sonar+D (2024). La instalación explora las relaciones multiespecies sonificando un parterre de tomillo mediante el uso de una placa de programación Arduino que procesa en tiempo real los cambios en la bioconductividad eléctrica de las plantas y los transforma en sonidos mediante una interfaz MIDI y un sintetizador. La obra crea un paisaje sonoro cambiante midiendo los procesos eléctricos naturales del tomillo, que son transformados de forma radical por la interacción con otras especies (humanos, insectos, artrópodos). Un aspecto fundamental del proyecto es la visualización de los datos y su uso como partituras visuales MIDI sobre el DAW de un software de producción musical.
Microstructure structure and mechanical properties of coherent precipitation strengthened ultrahigh strength maraging stainless steel
Authors: YANG Yuxian , WANG Zhenhua , WANG Qing , TANG Caiyu , WAN Peng , CAO Dahua , DONG Chuang ,   Engineering Research Center of High Entropy Alloy Materials (Lianoning Province), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China,   Foshan Shunde Midea Electrical Heating Appliances Manufacturing Co., Ltd, Foshan 528300, China,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
Published: January 2025

Ultra-high strength maraging stainless steels possess many important applications such as in aircraft landing gears owing to their excellent strength and good process ability. However, traditional ultra-high strength maraging stainless steels are facing the challenge of balancing strength and ductility while pursuing ultra-high strength. This is mainly due to the semi-coherent or non-coherent relationship between the precipitated nanoparticles and the body-centered cubic (BCC) martensitic matrix. In this work, a novel ultra-high strength maraging stainless steel (Fe-7.95Cr-13.47Ni-3.10Al-1.83Mo-0.03C-0.23Nb, weight percent, %) is designed using a cluster formula approach. Alloy ingots are prepared by vacuum induction melting under an argon atmosphere, followed by hot rolling at 950℃ and multiple passes of cold rolling. Finally, the alloy is aged at 500℃ for 288 h. Microstructural characterizations of the alloy in different aging states are performed using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). As a result, the martensitic structure of the alloy is fragmented and elongated, with high-density dislocations (~ 1.8 × 10–3 nm–2) and a large number of coherent B2-NiAl nanoparticles (< 5 nm) observed in the BCC martensitic matrix after cold rolling and aging. In terms of mechanical properties, the alloy exhibits significant age-hardening, with a peak-aged hardness of 651 HV after ageing treatment. It also demonstrates an extraordinarily high yield strength (σYS = 2.3 GPa) and a decent elongation (El = 3.6%), indicating a well-balanced strength-ductility property. Finally, the origins of the ultra-high strength in the novel alloy are discussed in depth, showing that the ultra-high strength of this stainless steel comes from the strengthening effect of different microstructures. This study provides valuable guidance for designing high-performance ultra-high strength maraging stainless steels.
Experimental study of ultra-low noise photodetectors in 0.1 mHz—1 Hz frequency band
Authors: SHANG Xin , LI Fan , MA Zhenglei , HUANG Tianshi , DANG Hao , LI Wei , YIN Wangbao , TIAN Long , CHEN Lirong , ZHENG Yaohui ,   State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,   State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,   Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,   College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Published: January 2025

Laser intensity noise suppression in the millihertz frequency band is essential for space-based gravitational wave detection to ensure the sensitivity of the interferometer. Optoelectronic feedback technology is one of the most effective methods of suppressing laser intensity noise. , The noise of the photodetector that is the first-stage component in the feedback loop, directly couples into the feedback loop, thus significantly affecting the laser intensity noise. In this paper, starting from the requirement of suppressing laser intensity noise in the 0.1 mHz–1 Hz frequency band for space-based gravitational wave detection, the factors affecting the electronics of photodetectors at extremely low frequencies are analyzed in detail. Using the low dark current characteristic of photodiodes in photovoltaic mode, a zero-bias voltage scheme is adopted to reduce the dark noise of the photodiode. A transimpedance amplification circuit is designed using an integrated operational amplifier with zero offset voltage drift and low-temperature drift metal foil resistors, thereby optimizing the transimpedance capacitor and follower circuit to reduce 1/f noise in the circuit. Active temperature control is employed to stabilize the responsivity of photodiode, and additional measures such as using a homemade low-noise power supply and shielding interference are taken to further reduce the noise. Ultimately, an ultra-low electronic noise photodetector operating in the 0.1 mHz–1 Hz frequency band is developed. A homemade intensity noise evaluation system is used to comprehensively assess the noise both in the time domain and in the frequency domain. The constant noise characteristics of the homemade detector are estimated experimentally. The experimental results show that the electronic noise spectral density of the homemade detector reaches 2×10–6 V/Hz1/2 in the 0.1 mHz–1 Hz frequency band, and the electronic noise of the detector does not vary with optical power. The detector achieves a gain of 35 kV/W at 1064 nm. The noise performance of the detector is two orders of magnitude lower than the laser intensity noise requirement (10–4 Hz–1/2) for space-based gravitational wave detection, providing a critical component and technical support for high-gain optoelectronic feedback control and laser intensity noise suppression in space-based gravitational wave detection.
Multi-dimensional oscillatory activity of mouse GnRH neurons in vivo
Authors: Han Su Young , Yeo Shel-Hwa , Kim Jae-Chang , Zhou Ziyue , Herbison Allan E
Published: January 2025

The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons represent the key output cells of the neural network controlling mammalian fertility. We used GCaMP fiber photometry to record the population activity of the GnRH neuron distal projections in the ventral arcuate nucleus where they merge before entering the median eminence to release GnRH into the portal vasculature. Recordings in freely behaving intact male and female mice revealed abrupt ~8 min duration increases in activity that correlated perfectly with the appearance of a subsequent pulse of luteinizing hormone (LH). The GnRH neuron dendrons also exhibited a low level of unchanging clustered, rapidly fluctuating baseline activity in males and throughout the estrous cycle in females. In female mice, a gradual increase in basal activity that exhibited ~80 min oscillations began in the afternoon of proestrus and lasted for 12 hr. This was associated with the onset of the LH surge that ended several hours before the fall in the GCaMP signal. Abrupt 8 min duration episodes of GCaMP activity continued to occur on top of the rising surge baseline before ceasing in estrus. These observations provide the first description of GnRH neuron activity in freely behaving animals. They demonstrate that three distinct patterns of oscillatory activity occur in GnRH neurons. These are comprised of low-level rapid baseline activity, abrupt 8 min duration oscillations that drive pulsatile gonadotropin secretion, and, in females, a gradual and very prolonged oscillating increase in activity responsible for the preovulatory LH surge.
Ancient Trans-Species Polymorphism at the Major Histocompatibility Complex in Primates
Authors: Fortier Alyssa Lyn , Pritchard Jonathan K
Published: January 2025

Classical genes within the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) are responsible for peptide presentation to T cells, thus playing a central role in immune defense against pathogens. These genes are subject to strong selective pressures including both balancing and directional selection, resulting in exceptional genetic diversity—thousands of alleles per gene in humans. Moreover, some alleles appear to be shared between primate species, a phenomenon known as trans-species polymorphism (TSP) or incomplete lineage sorting, which is rare in the genome overall. However, despite the clinical and evolutionary importance of MHC diversity, we currently lack a full picture of primate MHC evolution. To start addressing this gap, we explore variation
across
genes and species in our companion paper (Fortier and Pritchard, 2024) and here we explore variation
within
individual genes. We used Bayesian phylogenetic methods to determine the extent of TSP at 17 MHC genes, including classical and non-classical Class I and Class II genes. We find strong support for deep TSP in 7 of 10 classical genes, including—remarkably—between humans and old-world monkeys in MHC-DQB1. Despite the long-term persistence of ancient lineages, we additionally observe rapid evolution at nucleotides encoding the proteins’ peptide-binding domains. The most rapidly-evolving amino acid positions are extremely enriched for autoimmune and infectious disease associations. Together, these results suggest complex selective forces—arising from differential peptide binding—that drive short-term allelic turnover within lineages while also maintaining deeply divergent lineages for at least 31 million years.