bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude and Usage of Pulse Oximeter among Pediatric Resident Doctors
Authors: Ibrahim Hanan Yassin Omer , Ali Adlan Ibrahim , Magzoub Omer Saeed
Published: January 2025

Background: Pulse oximetry is a simple, affordable, non-invasive method for the assessment of patients’ oxygen saturation. Given the importance and wide use of pulse oximeter it is currently regarded as the fifth vital sign. Despite the importance of pulse oximeter, a proportion of clinicians are unaware of its mechanism of use, advantages, and limitations.

Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and usage of pediatrics resident doctors towards the pulse oximeter, and to assess the factors affecting them.

Methods: This is an analytic cross-sectional study conducted among pediatrics resident doctors in Sudan Medical Specialization Board during the period of January 2022 to May 2022. A minimal sample size of 269 was calculated and simple random sampling was used to select participants. Data was collected through a questionnaire assessing the socio-demographic characteristics, training on pulse oximeter, availability of pulse oximeter, usage of pulse oximeter, knowledge regarding pulse oximeter, and attitude towards pulse oximeter. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26, and p-values less than 0.05 were considered significant.

Results: A total of 274 participants were involved in the study. 168 didn’t receive training on the use of pulse oximeter. A good number of the participants were classified as having good knowledge (48.5%), while 56.9% were classified as having a positive attitude. Pulse oximeter was used routinely by 87.2% of the participants to record the saturation of the critically-ill children. Frequency of participants with good knowledge was significantly higher among senior resident doctors compared to the junior ones (P=0.017).

Conclusion: Although the use of pulse oximeter among pediatric residents is good, their knowledge regarding its uses or drawbacks is sub-optimal. Thus the implementation of a training program will greatly improve the right and safe practice of pulse oximetry by pediatric residents.
Burden of Childhood Sickle Cell Disease on Caregivers at the Sickle Cell Unit of Chantal Biya’s Foundation in Yaounde, Cameroon
Authors: Monono Naiza , Benjamin Pokam , Djuidja Tamko , Cyrille Nkouonlack , Nguedia Assob
Published: January 2025

Background: Sickle cell disease is a very common inherited blood disorder. It is characterized by several chronic manifestations, which becomes burdensome for the patients, and the caregivers (parents). Identifying and understanding the factors associated with burden among caregivers of children with sickle cell disease will allow us to improve their quality of life and in turn, the care given to the sick children. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the level of burden among caregivers of children with sickle cell disease and determining the factors influencing this state.

Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional analytic study was carried out from March 2022- April 2022 at the ‘Centre Mere et Enfant’ (CME) of the ‘Foundation Chantal Biya’(FCB) in Yaounde. Data was collected using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Data were entered and analyzed using Epi Info version 7.2.2.6 Statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05 while bivariate and multivariate analysis was used to test for associations.

Results: One hundred and seventy-four caregivers (174) were included in the study among which more than half (77.6%) were females. Almost half (49.4%) respondents perceived moderate to severe burden with Mean score of level of burden being 42.8. Significant statistical associations were found between moderate to severe caregiver burden and job loss (p= 0.01; OR=1.09-7.34) and social stigmatization (p=0.0003; OR=1.45-5.51).

Conclusions: The study revealed that majority of the caregivers perceived a moderate to severe burden and that this level of burden was associated with social stigmatization and job loss.
Theoretical, Practical, and Clinical Aspects of a Novel Approach to the Treatment of Chronic and Episodic Cluster Headaches
Authors: Owiesy Faro T , Ohsie Steven , Radfar Amir
Published: January 2025

Importance: Chronic and episodic cluster headaches are a worldwide distributed problem that significantly impairs sufferers’ ability to function and perform their daily activities. Puzzling triggers and treatment approaches are burdensome and costly. A new approach to chronic and episodic cluster headaches may light up long-term and curative treatment and a new understanding of trigger(s).

Objective: The objective was to redefine the cause of the cluster headaches, diagnosing the evidence of a neuroma in the distribution of a zygomaticotemporal nerve, and the long-term symptom free resolution of cluster headaches.

Design: A single center, randomized, interventional, prospective clinical trial. Allocation is selective and ambulatory. Anticipated all gender and races aged 20-70 years old.

Primary outcome and measures: Evidence of Neuroma by histopathologic examination, long-term efficacy in relieving cluster headaches over 270 days. We were looking at other possible correlating findings. An interventional prospective clinical trial per protocol; clinicaltrial.gov Identifier NCT 04845451.

Results: Our data showed that nearly 100% of patients responded with complete relief of their cluster headaches symptoms. However, there were migraine symptoms on the opposite side after completing the original procedure, which we also addressed.

Conclusion and relevance: Systematic data collection included cluster symptoms, frequency of attack cycle, and intended pain severity. Our data collected over 270 days demonstrated long- term relief of cluster headaches symptoms. We addressed additional findings of trigeminal neuralgia by treatment of symptoms at the opposite site after resection of Neuroma using a De Novo formula/procedure. Corresponding resolution of cluster headaches by excision of a single neuroma in the property of zygomaticotemporal nerve may light future approaches to cluster headache resolution.
A Multifrequency Acoustic Device for Memory Enhancement
Authors: Mansour Awad , Mansour Ammar
Published: January 2025

The present patent-pending invention relates to a topical low voltage multifrequency acoustic device for fast and long-term memory and learning enhancement. Observed results showed excellent results for all student ages of with no adverse or side effects.
Ovarian Reserve After Ischemic Changes in Ovarian Torsion. A Case Series
Authors: Qattea Lina , Taher Lama A , Alhawsawi Fatimah A , Alharthi Manal Hilal , Qattea Wafaa , Qattea Sami , Qattea Abdulrazzaq
Published: January 2025

This article discusses the management of reproductive age in three women with a delayed diagnosis of adnexal torsion associated with a risk factor whose ovaries were successfully preserved, followed by a laparoscopic second look.

All of them presented to the emergency room with a typical history of acute abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting. The suspicion of ovarian torsion is supported by gynecology ultrasound and abdominal CT to rule out other causes of acute abdominal pain. Emergency laparoscopy done to all of them confirmed ovarian torsion, two of them 4 times and one of them 7 times with a purple-blackish color, so detorsion done with preservation to the affected ovary. Also during surgery, there were risk factors for all patients, including dermoid cyst, tubal endometerioma cyst, and pelvic peritoneal sac. After the primary procedure, a laparoscopic second look was done after 4 weeks of detorsion, which revealed normal ovary and adnexa in color and structure. At the same time, risk factors were corrected for all patients. Post-operation was uneventfull in both primary and second-look surgery. Also, no ovarian torsion recurrence occurred during the 4-week period between two surgeries with clear instructions given to reduce the aggressive activities. Preserving the ovaries in reproductive women with a delayed diagnosis of ovarian torsion was successful and unharmful.
Dentists Knowledge about Dental Evidences in Persons Forensic Identification in Nineveh Province
Authors: Al-Rawee Rawaa Y , Ahmed Sufyan Hammadi , Nahel Hanan , Tawfeeq Bashar Abdul-Ghani
Published: January 2025

Aims: Evaluate the knowledge of dental practitioners about forensic odontology and emphasize their role and opinions about keeping dental records of patients.

Methodology: Cross Sectional study was conducted among different dentists in three main dental specialist centers in Nineveh. All dentists working in the Dental Specialized Centers in Nineveh. Questioner list distributed to 1000 participants. Google form of self-administered questions translated to Arabic language. Demographical Informations, set of questions related to knowledge of dentists and other three main question each have different answers and the dentist should choose the appropriate one. Likert Scale used to analyze data and differences between to variables using ANOVA test with P value ≤ 0.05.

Results: Female show high significant percent (67%) and forty percent with age group between 41-50 years. For their knowledge all dentists show highest percent for the ten questions with yes answers.

Conclusion: Dentists in Nineveh have good knowledge about their role and importance in forensic odontology. In spite of that efforts need to improve their education with different conferences, workshops and meetings as well as motivate them to keep the data records of each patient whether in institutions or private clinics can be used any time.
Analisis Pola Asuh Strict Parents terhadap Perilaku Anak di Dusun V Desa Bumi Nabung Ilir Lampung Tengah
Authors: Rohmah Wasilatur , Irhamudin Irhamudin , Arifin M. Zainal
Published: January 2025

Parenting patterns applied by parents play an important role in shaping children's behavior. One of the most discussed parenting styles is strict parenting, where parents apply strict rules and restrictions and emphasize discipline and obedience from their children. This article discusses the influence of strict parenting on children's behavior, focusing on a study in Dusun V, Bumi Nabung Ilir Village, Central Lampung Regency. The research method used is qualitative field with a descriptive approach. The instrument in this research is the researcher himself. Primary data were obtained through interviews and observations of parents and children in the research area, while secondary data were obtained from relevant sources. The results showed that strict parenting has a varied impact on children's behavior, depending on the responsiveness of parents and the environment in which children grow up. Strict parenting can have positive impacts, such as increased discipline, independence and academic achievement. However, it can also have negative impacts, such as creating feelings of pressure, lack of confidence, and defiant behavior. In conclusion, a good understanding from parents about the application of parenting as well as supportive environmental factors are very important in shaping children's behavior.
Keywords: Parenting Style, Strict Parents, Children’s Behavior
Mathematical Reasoning on the Impact of the Firing Line Strategy with Probing Prompting in View from the Adversity Quotient
Authors: Pratiwi Dona Dinda , Anggoro Bambang Sri , Kuswanto Cahniyo Wijaya , Lestari Rizky Ayu , Fitri Adelia Maisa
Published: January 2025

This research was motivated by low mathematical reasoning abilities. Based on pre-research results which show that 81% of students scored below the KKM for mathematical reasoning ability. So researchers are interested in implementing the fiing line strategy with the probing pomting technique to involve students during the learning process so that students are actively involved. The research method used was quantitative research with a population of all class VIII students at SMPN 2 Penawrtama. The sampling technique in this research was carried out using the Cluster random sampling technique. Data collection techniques include mathematical reasoning ability tests, adversity quotient questionnaires and documentation. Hypothesis testing uses two-way analysis of variance with a significance level of 5%. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that (1) there is an influence of the firing line strategy with the probing prompting technique on mathematical reasoning abilities. (2) there is no influence of the adversity quotient on mathematical reasoning abilities. (3) there is no interaction between the firing line strategy and the probing promting technique and the adversity quotient on mathematical reasoning abilities.
Keywords: Firing Line Strategy, Probing Prompting Technique, Adversity Quotient     Mathematical Reasoning Ability
Temporalities of Biodesigned Artifacts
Authors: Lazaro Vasquez Eldy , Alistar Mirela , Devendorf Laura
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the temporal dimensions of biobased material design through three biodesigned artifacts: myco-electronics, biofoam for tangible interaction, and dissolving wearables. Each case study demonstrates how material temporality, influenced by factors like fabrication techniques and material properties, affects both the design process and user experience. Myco-electronics, grown from mycelium, rely on the timing of harvesting to shape form, and function of the biodesigned artifact. Biofoam, made through traditional methods like molding, offers designers more control over its shape and physical properties such as density. Dissolving wearables emphasize intentional ephemerality, with the material purposefully dissolving to reveal hidden designs, engaging users with impermanence. The concept of temporality is closely tied to sustainability, material tunability, and user interaction. Biobased materials often have shorter lifecycles, but their biodegradable nature enhances sustainability. Designers can tune materials like mycelium and biofoam by manipulating factors such as environmental conditions or fabrication methods, offering design flexibility. Using a research-through-design methodology, the paper emphasizes reflective practice and material-driven design, where both designer and material share agency in the creative process. Key findings show that temporality shapes both the creation and experience of biodesigned artifacts. These materials, whether they grow, transform, or dissolve, allow users to engage with artifacts in ways that reflect natural life cycles. The study concludes that embracing the temporality of biobased materials enriches the user experience and promotes a sustainable, dynamic approach to biodesign.
An Exact CMB Photon Radiation Density of the Universe Derived from Rh = ct Cosmology
Authors: Haug Espen
Published: January 2025

We will demonstrate that the photon energy density parameter Ωγ of the universe can be derived exactly in Rh = ct cosmology. We find that it must be Ωγ=1/5760π ≈5.526 × 10−5 which lies well within the 95% confidence interval for the photon radiation density reported by the Particle Data Group (PDG). Our exact result indicates that there is no uncertainty in the radiation density within at least some sub-classes of Rh = ct cosmology and that such model fit observations.
Побутове обслуговування сільського населення України в системі споживчої кооперації (друга половина 1940-х – 1960-і роки): структурні трансформації та результати
Authors: Sydorovych Oleksandr , Lytovchenko Vіktor
Published: January 2025

Мета статті – проаналізувати систему побутового обслуговування на селі через призму діяльності споживчої кооперації другої половини 1940-х – 1960-х років і структурних змін у цій галузі, пов’язаних із централізацією управління.
Наукова новизна полягає у тому, що вперше проблеми побутового обслуговування сільського населення проаналізовано, орієнтуючись на дослідження діяльності споживчої кооперації окресленого періоду, процеси структурних змін в управлінні цієї галузі й особливості соціальної інфраструктури села другої половини 1940-х – 1960-х років.
Висновки. Надання побутових послуг було однією зі сфер діяльності споживчої кооперації на селі. Однак, окрім Укоопспілки, побутовим обслуговуванням сільського населення опікувались також відповідні управління, утворені при радянських органах влади, колгоспи та радгоспи.
Незважаючи на кількісне зростання установ побутового обслуговування, якість надання послуг і рівень задоволення потреб мешканців села залишались доволі низькими. Значну частину цих послуг українські селяни отримували у приватних майстрів «на дому» та під час нерегулярних поїздок до міських центрів.
З метою централізації управління та відповідно до декларованого піклування про добробут селян, у середині 1960-х років усі заклади побутового обслуговування були об’єднані в єдиній урядовій структурі – Міністерстві побутового обслуговування УРСР. Відтак після 1966 р. ця галузь соціального обслуговування населення на селі, відповідно до партійно-урядового рішення, вийшла з підпорядкування Укоопспілки, але й надалі повноцінно не задовольняла потреб мешканців села у цих послугах. Таким чином, спроби влади поліпшити стан побутового обслуговування села шляхом перепідпорядкування та централізації управління без капітальних вкладень у відповідну інфраструктуру та без врахування реальних потреб селян виявились невдалими.
Незалежна Україна у значній мірі успадкувала соціальну інфраструктуру в сільській місцевості, а дослідження економістами, істориками, соціологами проблем розвитку побутового обслуговування на селі вже в новітню добу є затребуваними з точки зору вироблення центральними та місцевими органами влади відповідних планів розвитку цієї галузі.
The influences and capabilities of the Islamic State in the Caucasus (indoctrination, ideology, propaganda, recruitment)
Authors: Putkaradze Kakha , Japaridze Ioseb
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the research paper is to show the challenges arising from the Islamic state, which threatens the Caucasus region. The ideology, propaganda, indoctrination process created by the Islamic State and its activities in the Caucasus region are analyzed within the framework of the research. The study attempts to determine the likely influence and capabilities of the Islamic State in the Caucasus region after its fall. The study focuses on the reasons for the rise and fall of the Islamic State, the goals and motives of the Islamic State in relation to the Caucasus region.
The scientific novelty is to discuss and analyze the vulnerable circumstances in the Caucasus region that contribute to the activation of the Islamic State in the region. The study discusses the specific factors that led to the departure of young people from the Caucasus region, namely Russia, Azerbaijan, and a small amount from Georgia, to Syria, as well as the main reasons for the Islamic State’s interest in the Caucasus and the counter-terrorist measures carried out by the countries in the region.
Conclusions. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, later the Islamic State or Daesh, gained international attention after gaining control over significant areas of Syria and Iraq. The state formation created according to Islamic Sharia and the propaganda created by it attracted a significant part of young Muslims from all over the world. The Islamic State gained significant popularity in the Caucasus region as well, which led to the departure of a certain number of Muslim youth to Syria and Iraq in order to participate in military operations with terrorist goals. The study focuses on the reasons for the rise and fall of the Islamic State, the goals and motives of the Islamic State in relation to the Caucasus region.
As a result of the research, it was determined that economic and social issues are important contributing factors to the activation of radical and extremist ideology and processes, the Islamic State in the Caucasus region. Despite the economic and social factors, there were other main reasons for the departure of young people from Russia, Azerbaijan and Georgia to Syria. Among them, it is worth noting the dissatisfaction with Russia in the North Caucasus, the growing prevalence of Salafism, frequent violations of human rights, ownership of economic and political resources by certain groups in the Russia as well as in the Azerbaijan.
Development and quality characteristics of functional Kulfi enriched withmalted quinoa flour
Authors: Rao Vasundhara , Poonia Amrita
Published: January 2025

Kulfi is a frozen traditional indigenous dessert which is liked by consumers of all age groups. The main objective of this study was to optimize and develop a sugar free, high protein and fiber rich kulfi using malted quinoa flour. Pseudo cereal quinoa was incorporated in kulfi at the rate of 10%, 15% and 20%in order to optimize the functional kulfi. The optimized sample K2contained moisture (56.60±0.06 %), fat (10.90±0.12 %), protein(4.45±0.07 %), carbohydrate (25.76±0.18 %), total solids(42.31±0.02 %), energy (218.75±0.81 Kcal), crude fiber (1.92±0.01%), and ash (0.71±0.03 %), respectively. Storage period of 35days was taken into consideration and changes in physico-chemical properties, antioxidant activity, melting resistance as well as microbial count was observed during this period at an interval of 7days. The antioxidant activity was reported higher in optimized product then the control sample. Slight change in the acidity was recorded and the microbial activity decreased significantly over storage period.
Development of lateral flow enzyme substrate assay strip for qualitative estimationof coliforms
Authors: Gawai Kunal M , Hati Subrota , Prajapati Jashbhai B
Published: January 2025

FSSA 2011 has adopted a conventional IS-5887 (Part-I) 1976 and IS-5401 Part-1 (2012) protocol for monitoring of E.coli and coliforms in dairy products respectively. These methods are time consuming and sometimes requires further isolation and confirmation to finalize the true contaminant. The current investigation was carried out to minimize these limitations in detection of coliforms and Escherichia coli and to give a real time test to the industry that meets legal limits on day to day basis. The present investigation comprised of development of protocol for qualitative detection of coliforms in spiked samples using sonication technique and enzyme substrate assay. A protocol developed for sample preparation by extracting β-galactosidase (β-gal) using ultra sonicator (amplitude 80% and time 15 minutes) to give a positive ONPG test results within 20minutes. After finalizing the sample preparation protocol, specific amount of the extract was used to check the presence of coliforms by using X-gal impregnated absorbent strip. Sensitivity of X-gal test was very good as it could detected minimum 10 cells/10 ml of spiked coliforms sample. Spiked cells (10 cells/10 ml of broth)need maximum 10 hours of incubation time and 30 mins for sample preparation and processing (sonication and centrifugation) before testing with ONPG and X-gal assay. It turned white strip in toblue colour indicating qualitative presence of coliforms within 20minutes at 37oC. This developed protocol could be able to reduce the actual detection time from 24 hrs by conventional Indian Standards method to nearly 11 hours with accuracy of 1 cells/ml.
Hubungan Nutrisi dan Penuaan Kulit
Authors: Rosyada Rahma , Jusuf Nelva Karmila
Published: January 2025

Abstrak
Penuaan kulit adalah suatu proses biologis kompleks yang terdiri dari dua mekanisme utama, yaitu penuaan intrinsik dan penuaan ekstrinsik. Penuaan kulit intrinsik mengacu pada perubahan fisiologi kulit yang tidak dapat dihindari. Penuaan ekstrinsik dapat terjadi lebih cepat akibat paparan faktor eksternal, seperti paparan sinar ultraviolet (UV). Enzim matrix metalloproteinase adalah kelompok endopeptidase yang disekresikan oleh keratinosit epidermal dan fibroblast dermal yang dipengaruhi oleh reactive oxygen species (ROS) dan paparan sinar UV. Penuaan ekstrinsik dapat menerima intervensi dan pencegahan melalui asupan nutrisi. Fungsi kulit dan penampilan yang sehat bergantung pada nutrisi esensial yang cukup. Peran penting nutrisi pada penuaan kulit adalah membatasi pembentukan reactive oxygen species dengan konsumsi antioksidan yang terdapat pada makanan maupun suplemen. Antioksidan, seperti vitamin E, C, dan A serta antioksidan botani dan mineral efektif memperlambat proses penuaan eksterinsik. Hal ini dibuktikan dari beberapa penelitian yang menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh antioksidan dapat menghambat ekspresi enzim matrix metalloproteinase. Namun, data penelitian yang terbatas masih menjadi bahasan yang kontroversial dan saling bertentangan pada terjadinya penuaan kulit atau pencegahannya yang masih menjadi pertanyaan.
 
Kata Kunci: Antioksidan, nutrisi, penuaan kulit, stres oksidatif
PREVALENSI 5 KELAINAN KULIT TERBANYAK POLIKLINIK DERMATOLOGI KOSMETIK RS USU TAHUN 2020 - 2022
Authors: Danil Rezkyana , Jusuf Nelva Karmila , Putra Imam Budi
Published: January 2025

Abstrak
Pendahuluan: Dermatologi kosmetik merupakan bagian dari ilmu dermatologi yang terfokus pada permasalahan kulit dan kesehatannya. Tujuan: Mengetahui jumlah kunjungan pasien per tahun dan 5 kelainan kulit terbanyak di Poliklinik Dermatologi Kosmetik RS USU periode 2020 - 2022. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian retrospektif dengan menggunakan data rekam medis di RS USU periode 2020 - 2022. Hasil: Jumlah pasien di Poliklinik Dermatologi Kosmetik RS USU pada tahun 2020 yaitu 342 pasien (21,8%), tahun 2021 sebanyak 811 pasien (40,8%), dan tahun 2022 sebanyak 640 pasien (26,5%). Kelainan kulit terbanyak pada tahun 2020 adalah akne vulgaris berjumlah 206 pasien (60,2%). Tahun 2021 didapatkan kelainan kulit terbanyak yaitu striae distensae berjumlah 281 pasien (34,6%). Kemudian tahun 2022 didapatkan kelainan kulit terbanyak yaitu akne vulgaris berjumlah 145 pasien (22,7%). Dalam rentang waktu tahun 2020 - 2022 didapatkan 5 kelainan kulit tertinggi dari total kunjungan pasien, yaitu akne vulgaris 527 pasien (29,4%), diikuti striae distensae 453 pasien (25,3%), panuaan kulit 211 pasien (11,7%), melasma 159 pasien (8,9%), dan selulit 120 pasien (6,7%). Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran 5 kelainan kulit tertinggi dari total kunjungan pasien di Poliklinik Dermatologi Kosmatik RS USU periode 2020 - 2022, dengan kunjungan pasien tertinggi di tahun 2021 sebanyak 811 pasien (40,8%).
PROFIL PASIEN SELULIT DI POLIKLINIK DERMATOLOGI DAN VENEREOLOGI RUMAH SAKIT UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN PERIODE 2020â€“2022
Authors: Lubis Ade Fitriyani , Jusuf Nelva Karmila , Putra Imam Budi
Published: January 2025

Pendahuluan: Selulit merupakan perubahan tekstur kulit menjadi bergelombang atau menyerupai kulit jeruk (orange peel) terutama di bokong, paha, panggul, dan perut. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif yang dilakukan secara retrospektif menggunakan data rekam medis pasien selulit. Hasil: Jumlah kasus pasien selulit periode 2020â€“2022 sebanyak 120 pasien (2,44%). Pada tahun 2020 sebanyak 10 pasien, tahun 2021 sebanyak 40 pasien, dan tahun 2022 sebanyak 70 pasien. Prevalensi selulit sebesar 0,63% tahun 2020, 4,35% tahun 2021, dan 2,89% tahun 2022. Kelompok usia onset tertinggi adalah 26â€“35 tahun sebesar 61 pasien (50,9%) dan memiliki riwayat keluarga selulit sebesar 91 pasien (75%) dengan IMT overweight sebanyak 51 pasien (42,5%). Lokasi selulit terbanyak regio femoralis, gluteus sebanyak 52 pasien (43,3%), diikuti regio gluteus sebanyak 41 pasien (33,3%). Derajat keparahan selulit paling dominan derajat II sebanyak 64 pasien (53,3%). Kesimpulan: Prevalensi selulit tahun 2020â€“2022 meningkat. Selulit lebih banyak ditemukan pada kelompok usia 26â€“35 tahun dengan sebagian besar memiliki riwayat keluarga selulit dan IMT overweight. Lokasi selulit terbanyak femoralis, gluteus dengan derajat keparahan selulit paling dominan derajat II menurut kriteria Nurnberger-Muller Scale.
Ritme Sirkadian dan Kesehatan Kulit
Authors: Siahaan Ade Gustina , Jusuf Nelva Karmila
Published: January 2025

Irama sirkadian mengacu pada ritme fisiologis, metabolisme dan perilaku 24 jam endogen tubuh. Ritme sirkadian dikendalikan oleh pengatur pusat atau jam utama yang terletak di nukleus suprakiasmatik hipotalamus anterior dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh cahaya dan lingkungan. Sinkronisasi jam biologis irama sirkadian pada tubuh disebut sebagai osilasi. Irama sirkadian memperlihatkan hubungan fase tertentu dengan siklus terang-gelap atau aktivitas-istirahat melalui sinyal neurohumoral, contohnya adalah melatonin yang membawa pesan waktu pada seluruh tubuh mengenai informasi tentang waktu dan musim (fotoperiode). Kulit terdiri atas tiga lapisan yaitu epidermis, dermis, dan hipodermis dimana ketiganya berperan penting dalam mempertahankan keseimbangan atau homeostasis yang diatur oleh ritme sirkadian Ritme sirkadian pada kulit memiliki fungsi dalam pengaturan proliferasi berbagai jenis sel, yaitu: keratinosit, fibroblas, melanosit, kelenjar sebasea, dan folikel rambut. Sinar Ultraviolet (UV) dapat menyebabkan pembentukan Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) yang berlebihan yang secara langsung dapat menyebabkan stres oksidatif dalam sel. Penuaan dikaitkan dengan perubahan dalam irama sirkadian dan peningkatan akumulasi ROS. Perawatan kulit (skin care) berdasarkan ritme sirkadian merupakan hal yang penting untuk diketahui. Pemahaman mengenai irama sirkadian pada kesehatan kulit sangat bermanfaat dalam menjaga kondisi kulit agar tetap sehat.
Microhabitat level thermal physiology and thermoregulation of a diurnal gecko in an urban landscape
Authors: Apte Vaishnavi , Tatu Avichal , Thaker Maria
Published: January 2025

Urban areas comprise a matrix of natural and human-made microhabitats, with associated variation in microclimates. Since reptiles are dependent on environmental temperature for optimal functioning, their survival in cities depends on how well they can navigate microhabitat-level thermal heterogeneity. For the Mysore Day gecko (Cnemaspis mysoriensis) in the urban environment of Bengaluru, we determined if shifts in thermal physiology or behavioural thermoregulatory strategies were used to adapt to human-made microhabitats (e.g. walls) compared to natural microhabitats (tree trunks and roots). We collected active body temperatures and environmental temperatures in the field, and measured preferred temperature (Tset), thermal tolerance limits (CTmax and CTmin), and thermal performance curve (TPC) of locomotion in the lab. We found that human-made microhabitats had slightly higher and more variable environmental temperatures than the natural microhabitats. Thermal physiological variables (Tset, CTmax, CTmin, and TPC) of lizards caught from these distinct microhabitats did not vary, implying a conserved thermal physiology within the species. However, given the body temperatures of lizards in the wild, natural microhabitats seem to be of better thermal quality, providing a suitable temperature range that is closer to preferred temperatures for the species. Hence, in natural spaces, lizards can thermoregulate more accurately. We demonstrate that even small differences in thermal conditions at the microhabitat scale can influence accuracy of thermoregulation for lizards in the city. Our result emphasise the importance of retaining natural habitats in a cityscape for effective thermoregulation of small ectotherms, like C. mysoriensis.
Polysorbates degrading enzymes in biotherapeutics – a current status and future perspectives
Authors: Felix Marius Nicolaus , Waerner Thomas , Lakatos Daniel , Reisinger Bernd , Fischer Simon , Garidel Patrick
Published: January 2025

Polysorbates, in particular polysorbate (PS) 20 and 80, are the most commonly used surfactants for stabilising biotherapeutics produced by biotechnological processes. PSs are derived from ethoxylated sorbitan (a derivative of sorbitol) esterified with fatty acids of varying chain length and degree of saturation. In the past, these surfactants have been reported to have specific liabilities. Chemical (oxidations and hydrolyses) and enzymatic degradations have been reported to affect the stability of PS in drug products. Specifically, the presence of trace amounts (sub-ppm) of certain host cell proteins (HCPs) can induce enzymatic PS degradation, which can lead to the release of free fatty acids during storage over time. Enzymatic polysorbate degradation may impair the functionality of the surfactant in stabilising therapeutic proteins, leading to the formation of visible and/or sub-visible particles in biopharmaceutical drug products. This review summarises the enzymes currently known to be involved in the degradation of polysorbate in mammalian biotechnological processes for therapeutic proteins. In recent years, advanced analytical methods have been developed to qualify and quantify the PS-degrading enzymes. Most of these assays are based on mass spectrometry with a preceding HCP enrichment approach. Efforts were made to measure the enzyme activity and correlate it with observed PS degradation. The impact on drug product quality attributes, including fatty acid solubility and phase separation, up to the formation of visible particles, and the potential induction of protein and protein/fatty acid mixed particles as well as the sensitivity of specific PS quality towards enzymatic degradation, was considered. Various drug substance (DS) mitigation strategies related to the occurrence of PS degrading enzymes are discussed as amongst them the generation of stable HCP knockout cell lines, which are also carefully analysed. The underlying opinion article reflects the undergoing discussions related to PS degrading enzymes and focusses on (i) impact on drug product, (ii) analytics for identification/quantification (characterisation) of the PS degrading enzymes, (iii) enzyme activity (iv) currently identified enzymes, and (v) potential mitigation strategies to avoid enzymatic PS degradation during DS manufacturing.
In vitro model of bacterial biofilm mineralization in complex humid environments: a proof of concept study
Authors: Zorzetto L. , Hammer S. , Paris S. , Bidan C. M.
Published: January 2025

Background

Bacteria in physiological environments can generate mineralizing biofilms, which are associated with diseases like periodontitis or kidney stones. Modelling complex environments presents a challenge for the study of mineralization in biofilms. Here, we developed an experimental setup which could be applied to study the fundamental principles behind biofilm mineralization on rigid substrates, using a model organism and in a tailored bioreactor that mimics a humid environment. We developed a simple yet effective method to produce rigid specimens with the desired shape.

Materials and Methods

To simulate humid growth conditions, rigid specimens were conditioned with human saliva, inoculated with the chosen model bacterial strain and placed in a chamber with continuous drop-wise supply of nutritious media. The preconditioning stage did not affect significantly the bacteria proliferation, but considering this option was instrumental to future evolutions of the model, where saliva could be substituted with other substances (e.g., urine, plasma or antimicrobial solutions). Two different growth media were used: a control medium with nutritious substances and a mineralizing medium consisting in control medium supplemented with mineral precursors. Both the specimen shape and the bioreactor designs resulted from an optimization process thoroughly documented in this work. As a proof of concept, we showed that it is possible to locate the bacteria and minerals using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results

We achieved an in vitro model representative of the conditions of growth and mineralization of biofilms in humid environments on a rigid substrate: something between the traditional solid-air and solid-liquid interface models.

Conclusion

Such model will be useful to understand fundamental mechanisms happening in complex environments.
Therapeutic functions of medical implants from various material categories with integrated biomacromolecular systems
Authors: Calais Guilherme Bedeschi , Garcia Guilherme Domingos , de Moura Júnior Celso Fidelis , Soares José Diego Magalhães , Lona Liliane Maria Ferrareso , Beppu Marisa Masumi , Hernandez-Montelongo Jacobo , Rocha Neto João Batista Maia
Published: January 2025

Medical implants are designed to replace missing parts or improve body functions and must be capable of providing structural support or therapeutic intervention for a medical condition. Advances in materials science have enabled the development of devices made from metals, polymers, bioceramics, and composites, each with its specific advantages and limitations. This review analyzes the incorporation of biopolymers, proteins, and other biomacromolecules into implants, focusing on their role in biological integration and therapeutic functions. It synthesizes advancements in surface modification, discusses biomacromolecules as carriers for controlled drug release, and explores the application of nanoceramics and composites to improve osseointegration and tissue regeneration. Biomacromolecule systems are capable of interacting with device components and therapeutic agents - such as growth factors (GFs), antibiotics, and nanoceramics - allowing control over substance release. Incorporating therapeutic agents into these systems enables localized treatments for tissue regeneration, osseointegration, post-surgery infection control, and disease and pre-existing conditions. The review highlights these materials’ therapeutic advantages and customization opportunities, by covering mechanical and biological perspectives. Developing composites and hybrid drug delivery systems align with recent efforts in interdisciplinary personalized medicine and implant innovations. For instance, a trend was observed for integrating inorganic (especially nanoceramics, e.g., hydroxyapatite) and organic phases in composites for better implant interaction with biological tissues and faster recovery. This article supports understanding how integrating these materials can create more personalized, functional, durable, and biocompatible implant devices.
Transdermal electrophysiological recordings of diet-induced small fiber peripheral neuropathy using a needle electrode array in mice and man
Authors: Blaszkiewicz Magdalena , Caron Lydia , Villinski Brooke , Passarelli Joshua , Towne Julia M. , Story Naeemah M. , Merchant Erin , Khan Furrukh S. , Emanetoglu Nuri , Kass Leonard , Smith Rosemary L. , Townsend Kristy L.
Published: January 2025

Background

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes. Proactive treatment options remain limited, which is exacerbated by a lack of sensitive and convenient diagnostics, especially early in disease progression or specifically to assess small fiber neuropathy (SFN), the loss of distal small diameter axons that innervate tissues and organs.

Methods

We designed, fabricated, tested, and validated a first-of-its-kind medical diagnostic device for the functional assessment of transdermal small fiber nerve activity. This device, the Detecting Early Neuropathy (DEN), is an electrically conductive needle array designed to record nerve electrical activity in the skin and subdermal tissues, as a feature of a broader theragnostic platform.

Results

DEN recordings were validated across a time course of diet-induced PN in mice, using statistical and computational analyses and compared to other SFN measures. Based on these preclinical mouse data, the device design was adapted to obtain recordings in human with a flexible printed circuit board to mold to the leg or other skin regions. The DEN successfully recorded various types of neural activity in mouse and human, with or without stimulation, including validated action potentials and electromyography signals.

Conclusion

New functional diagnostic tools like DEN offer a promising outlook for patients needing an earlier or more sensitive diagnosis of DPN/SFN, to allow for earlier and more effective treatment options, especially as more become available in the clinic in future years.
Rational construction of PCL-PEG/CS/AST nanofiber for bone repair and regeneration
Authors: Cao Zhengyu , Zhuo Hongwu , Zhu Wendong , Peng Xiangfang , Li Jian
Published: January 2025

Humerus greater tuberosity (HGT) avulsion fracture is one of the most common types of proximal humerus fractures. The presence of motion and gap lead to the failure of implants, due to the force pulling from the supraspinatus. In this work, electrospinning technology was applied to fabricate PCL-PEG/CS/AST nanofiber with superior biocompatibility and mechanical property. Furthermore, PCL-PEG/CS/AST nanofiber could promote proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro. We believe that this work indicates a promising way to promote the union of HGT avulsion fractures by using PCL-PEG/CS/AST nanofiber.
An injectable, self-healing, anti-infective, and anti-inflammatory novel glycyrrhizic acid hydrogel for promoting acute wound healing and regeneration
Authors: Guo Qiyou , Li Ruojing , Zhao Yeying , Wang Huibo , Luo Wenqiang , Zhang Junhao , Li Zhenlu , Wang Peige
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Bacterial infection, a complex wound microenvironment, and a persistent inflammatory response in acute wounds can result in delayed healing and abnormal scar formation, thereby compromising the normal function and aesthetic appearance of skin tissue. This issue represents one of the most challenging problems in clinical practice. This study aims to develop a hydrogel dressing specifically designed for the treatment of acute wounds, providing immediate and effective protection for the affected areas. This innovation seeks to offer a novel and advanced solution for the management of acute wounds.

Methods

In this study, a composite hydrogel scaffold was synthesized through the reaction between oxidized glycyrrhizic acid and carboxymethyl chitosan Schiff base. The material properties of the hydrogel were systematically characterized, and its biocompatibility and antibacterial efficacy were rigorously evaluated. A rat wound model was established to compare multiple groups, thereby assessing the impact of the hydrogel on the wound microenvironment and wound repair.

Results

The results demonstrated that the OGA-CMCS hydrogel exhibited excellent injectability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties. It was capable of enhancing the wound microenvironment, which in turn influenced the polarization of macrophages from the M1 to the M2 phenotype, thereby mitigating the inflammatory response, promoting angiogenesis and granulation tissue regeneration, and accelerating wound healing.

Discussion

This study successfully developed a novel glycyrrhizin-based hydrogel dressing, which not only introduces innovative approaches for the emergency management of acute surface wound defects but also provides an experimental foundation. It is anticipated to contribute significantly to addressing relevant clinical challenges.
Parental and adolescents’ perspectives on environmental predictors of active commuting to school – findings from the ARRIVE mixed-methods study
Authors: Tristram Clara , Marzi Isabel , Beck Franziska , Diehl Katharina , Renninger Denise , Demetriou Yolanda , Krieger Claus , Reimers Anne Kerstin
Published: January 2025

Background

Active commuting to school (e.g., walking or cycling) can contribute to an increase in daily physical activity time of adolescents which is associated with positive health effects. However, it is known that the perceived barriers related to the physical and social environment hinder adolescents in participating in active commuting. To obtain more information about these barriers, and therefore be able to address them in the future, the present study aims to investigate how parents’ and adolescents’ perception of the physical and social environment is associated with (active) commuting to school.

Methods

The ARRIVE study consists of a quantitative online survey with parent-adolescent dyads (N = 517) followed by qualitative interviews with adolescents and parents (N = 32). The quantitative part examined adolescents’ travel behaviour to and from school and its predictors. The qualitative part sought to explore the decision-making process in families regarding transport mode choice. To evaluate predictors of active commuting to and from school binary logistic regression analysis and qualitative content analysis were performed.

Results

In the quantitative part, we found that adolescents and parents perceive especially having much luggage to carry as crucial for adolescents’ active travel. Besides this barrier on active commuting to and from school found in the questionnaires, parents and adolescents reported lack of social support, weather, convenience, lack of traffic safety and getting a lift as barriers in the interviews.

Conclusion

We found differences and similarities in the perceived barriers of active commuting regarding the physical and social environment between adolescents and parents. To encourage adolescents to actively commute to school, the perception of the physical and social environment, especially from parents, be taken into account.
Utilization of periwinkle and palm kernel shells in load-bearing ecofriendly interlocking concrete paver
Authors: Olofinnade Oluwarotimi , Awoyera Paul , Edemirukewa Kelvin , Ogundipe Kunle
Published: January 2025

In recent times, increasing demand for raw aggregate has emphasized the need for construction industry to adopt sustainable practices by exploring alternative materials, such as agro-waste, to address resource depletion and reduce environmental pollution., This current study investigated the suitability of combining discarded periwinkle shell (PWKS) and palm kernel shell (PMKS) at low-replacement volumes to partially substitute granite in ecofriendly load-bearing cement-based interlocking paver units for use on medium-duty traffic roads. 108 paver samples were produced, targeting a 28-day strength of 30 MPa, using a mix proportion of 1:1:2 (cement: sand: granite) and water-cement ratio of 0.50. Physical and chemical compositions of materials are examined, while the produced paver samples were tested for their water absorption, compressive and split-tensile strengths properties. The influence of curing (immersion and open air) on the strength development was evaluated. Findings showed that the shells recorded low physical properties but increased water intake tendency. A gradual decrease in the strength performances of the pavers was observed as the amount of PWKS and PMKS increases in the mixes. The water absorption tendency increases with increasing PMKS and PWKS levels. Pavers cured by complete immersion in water recorded good strength and achieved the 30 MPa compared to open air cured pavers. This study recommends load-bearing pavers of up to 30 MPa can be made by combining PMKS and PWKS at a low-replacement level of 5% deployed for medium-traffic roads, but with adequate curing technique. Outcomes showed the viability of incorporating periwinkle and palm kernel shells as aggregate in making standard paver units of adequate strength and resistance to water to promote sustainable construction practices.