bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las Torres de Satélite: ruina de un proyecto que nunca se concluyó
Authors: Garza Usabiaga Daniel
Published: October 2016

El ensayo se centra en una revisión del proyecto urbano original de Ciudad Satélite propuesto por el arquitecto Mario Pani en 1957. La investigación busca sacar a la luz el modelo de planeación de la nueva ciudad, en la periferia de la ciudad de México, los edificios y el ornamento urbano con que debería contar, así como la imagen del individuo y la comunidad que la habitaría de acuerdo a las ideas de Pani. El objetivo es ponderar el estado actual de ese complejo al cotejarlo con el concepto y la imagen origales de él. Posteriormente, se discuten las torres realizadas en colaboración por Luis Barragán y Mathias Goeritz como “signo plástico-publicitario” del proyecto ubicado en Naucalpan, Estado de México. El conjunto escultórico es analizado críticamente teniendo en cuenta el programa de arquitectura emocional con el que ambos autores identificaban sus trabajos.
The Underground and the Virgen of Guadalupe: Contexts for the Virgen del Metro, Mexico City 1997-2007
Authors: Gamboni Darío
Published: October 2016

La Virgen del Metro es la culminación de una serie de “apariciones” no oficiales de la Virgen de Guadalupe a finales del siglo XX. El que sucediera en la ciudad de México y las circunstancias de su descubrimiento en 1997 la hacen particularmente rica en significados. Después de contar los hechos, el artículo intenta iluminar e interpretar este fenómeno en distintos contextos: en el antropológico de imágenes autopoiéticas; en el religioso del culto de la Guadalupe; en el de la historia del arte y el uso sugestivo de la piedra veteada tanto en la arquitectura antigua como moderna; y en el sociopolítico de la ciudad de México y su sistema de transporte de masas. La Virgen del Metro desplaza las líneas tradicionales que separan lo profano de lo sacro, lo moderno de lo arcaico, lo “elitista” de lo popular, y lo “alto” de lo “bajo”, como su eco en el arte contemporáneo finalmente lo demuestra.
Los ojos del escenario. Escenógrafos de la danza mexicana
Authors: Dallal Alberto
Published: October 2016

Este ensayo se ocupa de describir el proceso de profesionalización de los escenógrafos mexicanos una vez echado a andar el programa cultural vasconcelista y sus efectos en la participación de los pintores mexicanos en el Movimiento Mexicano de Danza Moderna. Se destaca la creatividad de pintores como Orozco, Soriano y otros hasta la fundación de la carrera de producción escénica llevada a cabo por Julio Prieto en un marco de profesionalización que da pie a la creatividad y a las labores de organización y enseñanza de su sucesor y alumno Antonio López Mancera. El paso de la danza moderna a la contemporánea incorpora a escenógrafos profesionales que, al realizar un trabajo conjunto con los coreógrafos, establecen una expresividad creativa específica y la vinculan con los avances del quehacer escenográfico en las variadas artes escénicas. El texto describe también algunos aspectos conceptuales básicos de la producción escenográfica y refiere ejemplos concretos de los vínculos entre el escenógrafo y las peculiaridades de la expresión coreográfica.
Torre Latinoamericana: 50 años. Restauración de un testigo
Authors: Hernández Flores Fabiola
Published: October 2016

En este artículo se toma la metodología de la biografía cultural propuesta por Arjun Appadurai  para bosquejar el proceso de singularización de la Torre Latinoamericana, que parte de ser  un edificio comercial construido en 1956 hasta llegar a las prácticas desencadenadas después de ser declarada Patrimonio Monumental de México en 1997. El objetivo es mostrar que la remodelación iniciada en 2002 opera como un proyecto de restauración física e histórica del rascacielos, donde se construye un discurso cultural  conformado por episodios de la historia de la ciudad, del edificio y significantes propios del nacionalismo en México, que contribuye a generar y difundir en el imaginario urbano la noción de la Torre Latinoamericana como patrimonio, en calidad de objeto testigo.
Los siete colores de la pintura: tratadística y afirmación pública de la dignidad del arte en el siglo XVII novohispano
Authors: Mues Orts Paula
Published: October 2016

En este artículo se narra la manera en que los pintores de la ciudad de México aprovecharon los festejos públicos de la mayoría de edad de Carlos II, en 1676, para reivindicar abiertamente el estatuto liberal e intelectual del arte del pincel, según se documenta en la relación contemporánea del poeta Alonso Ramírez de Vargas. Empleando el lenguaje de la emblemática, y el arte efímero, los artistas crearon un carro triunfal para presentar al arzobispo-virrey fray Payo Enríquez de Ribera sus demandas de reconocimiento profesional e hicieron una declaración pública de identidad corporativa que puede ayudar a explicar la reorganización del  gremio de pintores de la capital novohispana a partir de 1681.
Miguel Cabrera y la congregación de la Purísima
Authors: Alcalá Luisa Elena
Published: October 2016

Este artículo profundiza en la relación entre Miguel Cabrera y la Compañía de Jesús a través del análisis del retrato grabado que hizo del jesuita Juan Antonio de Oviedo y de su entorno social.  Considera además la posibilidad de que el Miguel Cabrera que aparece como firmante oficial en el Libro de la Congregación de la Limpia Concepción de Nuestra Señora en 1761 sea el famoso pintor novohispano. Tratándose de una de las más prestigiosas congregaciones marianas de los jesuitas, se plantea cómo este tipo de noticias sobre las actividades socio-religiosas de los pintores amplían nuestro conocimiento no sólo de sus carreras sino también de los caminos de la pintura en una época en que se fraguaba un proyecto académico.
Representación y autorrepresentación en el arte argentino: retrato de artistas en la primera mitad del siglo XX
Authors: Baldasarre María Isabel
Published: October 2016

Este artículo analiza los mecanismos a través de los cuales cuatro artistas argentinos de estéticas diferentes (Eduardo Sívori, Cesáreo Bernaldo de Quirós, Fernando Fader y Emilio Pettoruti) se autorepresentaron a principios del siglo xx. La hipótesis principal sostiene que tanto en las fotografías, que circularon contemporáneamente, como en los retratos propios o ajenos se pusieron en acto, se corporizaron, distintos modos de ser artistas. Es decir, estas imágenes, no consideradas hasta ahora como conjunto, fueron operativas para la construcción de sus trayectorias en un momento fundante para la profesionalización de la esfera artística y la consolidación de las carreras de pintor en la historia del arte argentino.
San Esteban Axapusco. Historia y arte, de Adriana Munguía Arenas
Authors: Ruiz Gomar Rogelio
Published: October 2016

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Un nuevo arte en movimiento para la ostentación social: los primeros coches novohispanos y las ordenanzas del gremio de carroceros de la ciudad de México de 1706
Authors: Recio Mir Álvaro
Published: October 2016

La carrocería novohispana, surgida en el siglo XVI, tiene sus antecedentes en la carretería, vinculada a la propia Conquista, y en el envío desde España en la misma centuria de los primeros coches de caballos, lo que generalizó su uso fuera de Europa. De inmediato se hicieron también en la Nueva España, desarrollando su manufactura e institucionalizando su uso en el XVII, de forma paralela a lo ocurrido en la metrópoli, para abastecer a las elites sociales de un nuevo tipo de obra de arte con el cual proclamar de forma ostentosa su preeminencia política, económica y social. Para atender la enorme demanda de coches y sistematizar la profesión, se desgajó en 1706 del de carpinteros el gremio de carroceros de la ciudad de México, cuyas primeras ordenanzas son analizadas comprándolas con las españolas para comprender su significado.
"Verdad y borrones..." Un manuscrito novohispano sobre lo cotidiano del quehacer arquitectónico
Authors: Lorenzo Macías José María
Published: October 2016

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Bildwissenschaft. Una disciplina en construcción
Authors: Alvarez Portugal Tania Vanessa
Published: October 2016

En su estudio, Introducción a la Bildwissenschaft, Gustav Frank y Barbara Lange presentan el estado de la Bildwissenschaft, una disciplina cuya constante construcción se ha enriquecido con planteamientos y sugerencias provenientes de diversas posturas y atendiendo a variadas interrogantes. La obra presenta la problemática actual de la Bildwissenschaft, así como reflexiones respecto al discurso historiográfico del arte, básicas para el historiador contemporáneo en el estudio de la imagen que abarca no sólo las tradicionalmente denominadas imágenes artísticas. La Introducción a la Bildwissenschaft, conjuga teoría e investigaciones a partir de ejemplos culturales, articulación que la vuelve sumamente inteligible, y la constituye como una obra de gran utilidad para el estudioso de la imagen y la cultura.
Ministriles novohispanos. Obras del manuscrito 19 de la catedral de Puebla de los Ángeles
Authors: Rincón Jazmín
Published: October 2016

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Francisco López Capillas. Missa en Re Sol-Missa Aufer a nobis. Motetes
Authors: Rincón Jazmín , Lara Cárdenas Juan Manuel
Published: October 2016

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Dar presencia al cuerpo: prácticas performáticas en el tardofranquismo
Authors: Garbayo Maeztu Maite
Published: October 2016

El presente artículo aborda las implicaciones estético-políticas de la presencia del cuerpo en las prácticas de performance que tuvieron lugar durante los últimos años de la dictadura franquista en España. Por medio del análisis de diversos performances, se abordan cuestiones relacionadas con la represión política, el feminismo, la construcción de género o los discursos corporales heredados del franquismo. El performance se presenta como estrategia a partir de la cual torcer el lenguaje, como lugar de excepción desde el que nombrar aquello que no puede ser dicho. Lo estético aparece como espacio en el que comparecen lo social, lo político o lo ético.
Islet-Expressed CXCL10 Promotes Autoimmune Destruction of Islet Isografts in Mice With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Bender Christine , Christen Selina , Scholich Klaus , Bayer Monika , Pfeilschifter Josef M. , Hintermann Edith , Christen Urs
Published: October 2016

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas. Thereby, the chemokine CXC-motif ligand 10 (CXCL10) plays an important role in the recruitment of autoaggressive lymphocytes to the islets of Langerhans. Transplantation of isolated islets as a promising therapy for T1D has been hampered by early graft rejection. Here, we investigated the influence of CXCL10 on the autoimmune destruction of islet isografts using RIP-LCMV mice expressing a lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) protein in the β-cells. RIP-LCMV islets express CXCL10 after isolation and maintain CXCL10 production after engraftment. Thus, we isolated islets from either normal or CXCL10-deficient RIP-LCMV mice and transferred them under the kidney capsule of diabetic RIP-LCMV mice. We found that the autoimmune destruction of CXCL10-deficient islet isografts was significantly reduced. The autoimmune destruction was also diminished in mice administered with an anti-CXCL10 antibody. The persistent protection from autoimmune destruction was paralleled by an increase in FoxP3+ regulatory T cells within the cellular infiltrates around the islet isografts. Consequently, CXCL10 might influence the cellular composition locally in the islet graft, thereby playing a role in the autoimmune destruction. CXCL10 might therefore constitute a potential therapeutic target to prolong islet graft survival.
Novel Monoclonal Antibody Is an Allosteric Insulin Receptor Antagonist That Induces Insulin Resistance
Authors: Cieniewicz Anne M. , Kirchner Thomas , Hinke Simon A. , Nanjunda Rupesh , D’Aquino Katharine , Boayke Ken , Cooper Philip R. , Perkinson Robert , Chiu Mark L. , Jarantow Stephen , Johnson Dana L. , Whaley Jean M. , Lacy Eilyn R. , Lingham Russell B. , Liang Yin , Kihm Anthony J.
Published: October 2016

A hallmark of type 2 diabetes is impaired insulin receptor (IR) signaling that results in dysregulation of glucose homeostasis. Understanding the molecular origins and progression of diabetes and developing therapeutics depend on experimental models of hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. We present a novel monoclonal antibody, IRAB-B, that is a specific, potent IR antagonist that creates rapid and long-lasting insulin resistance. IRAB-B binds to the IR with nanomolar affinity and in the presence of insulin efficiently blocks receptor phosphorylation within minutes and is sustained for at least 3 days in vitro. We further confirm that IRAB-B antagonizes downstream signaling and metabolic function. In mice, a single dose of IRAB-B induces rapid onset of hyperglycemia within 6 h, and severe hyperglycemia persists for 2 weeks. IRAB-B hyperglycemia is normalized in mice treated with exendin-4, suggesting that this model can be effectively treated with a GLP-1 receptor agonist. Finally, a comparison of IRAB-B with the IR antagonist S961 shows distinct antagonism in vitro and in vivo. IRAB-B appears to be a powerful tool to generate both acute and chronic insulin resistance in mammalian models to elucidate diabetic pathogenesis and evaluate therapeutics.
High Fasting Plasma Glucose, Diabetes, and Its Risk Factors in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990–2013: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
Authors: Moradi-Lakeh Maziar , Forouzanfar Mohammad Hossein , El Bcheraoui Charbel , Daoud Farah , Afshin Ashkan , Hanson Sarah Wulf , Vos Theo , Naghavi Mohsen , Murray Christopher J.L. , Mokdad Ali H. ,   on behalf of the Global Burden of Disease Collaborators on Eastern Mediterranean Region and Diabetes
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE

The prevalence of diabetes in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is among the highest in the world. We used findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2013 study to calculate the burden of diabetes in the EMR.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The burden of diabetes and burden attributable to high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) were calculated for each of the 22 countries in the EMR between 1990 and 2013. A systematic analysis was performed on mortality and morbidity data to estimate prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).

RESULTS

The diabetes death rate increased by 60.7%, from 12.1 per 100,000 population (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 11.2–13.2) in 1990 to 19.5 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 17.4–21.5) in 2013. The diabetes DALY rate increased from 589.9 per 100,000 (95% UI: 498.0–698.0) in 1990 to 883.5 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 732.2–1,051.5) in 2013. In 2013, HFPG accounted for 4.9% (95% UI: 4.4–5.3) of DALYs from all causes. Total DALYs from diabetes increased by 148.6% during 1990–2013; population growth accounted for a 62.9% increase, and aging and increase in age-specific DALY rates accounted for 31.8% and 53.9%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings show that diabetes causes a major burden in the EMR, which is increasing. Aging and population growth do not fully explain this increase in the diabetes burden. Programs and policies are urgently needed to reduce risk factors for diabetes, increase awareness of the disease, and improve diagnosis and control of diabetes to reduce its burden.
Influence of Modeling Decisions on Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Two Existing Highway Bridges Subjected to Lateral Spreading
Authors: Ghofrani Alborz , McGann Christopher R. , Arduino Pedro
Published: October 2016

Three-dimensional finite element models are developed for the approaches of two Chilean bridges. A kinematic loading regime representative of postevent deformations associated with liquefaction-induced lateral spreading is used to analyze the models. Three important aspects of the modeling of this load case are assessed for such structures. First, the bridge deck and associated expansion gap and their effect on the overall response of the bridge–foundation–soil system are considered. The lateral resistance supplied by the bridge deck can play an important role in the general response of the model, and consideration of the expansion gap could lead to distinct pre- and postclosure deformation mechanisms. Second, elastic and elastoplastic constitutive responses in the deep foundations are explored, and the nonlinear nature of the drilled shafts is shown to be of essential importance. Finally, the effects of the inherent three-dimensional characteristics of each bridge are addressed. These effects are shown to play a significant role in the overall response of each bridge, which highlights the need for analytical procedures that consider three-dimensional effects.
Low-Damage Posttensioned Segmental Bridge Columns with Flexible End Joints for Seismic Accelerated Bridge Construction
Authors: Nikoukalam Mohammad T. , Sideris Petros
Published: October 2016

A computational parametric study leading toward the development of a new type of low-damage precast concrete segmental column for accelerated bridge construction in seismic areas is outlined. In contrast to conventional monolithic concrete construction, accelerated bridge construction significantly reduces on-site construction time, total project delivery time, weather-related construction delays, and environmental impact, and it provides improved work zone safety for the traveling public and contractor personnel and high product quality and durability. Low-damage systems provide significantly reduced postearthquake downtimes, repair costs, and casualties. The proposed column design will incorporate internal unbonded posttensioning and flexible joints at the column ends, where large flexural demands occur. These joints will be (flexurally) deformable enough to accommodate large column lateral deformations (drift ratios of 10% or higher) without damage, and (axially) stiff enough to limit initial axial deformations due to initial posttensioning and gravity loads. To investigate this concept, a three-dimensional finite element model of a cantilever segmental concrete column incorporating a flexible joint segment at the bottom was generated, and a comprehensive parametric study was conducted. The parametric study investigated three types of polyurethane elastomers for the flexible joint and various geometric properties of the flexible joint in reference to the column geometry. The findings of this study, as supported by preliminary material testing, have shown that hyperelastic materials, such as stiff rubbers and polyurethanes, are good candidates for the proposed application.
Réinventer l’agence bancaire de demain
Authors: Rochette Corinne , Cassière François , Lagrange Samuel , Lambey-Checchin Christine
Published: October 2016

Dans sa dimension la plus aboutie, l’innovation collaborative est une démarche d’innovation ouverte. Elle vise à impliquer diverses parties prenantes à la création de valeur dès la conception. C’est un processus particulier de participation extraordinaire, d’apprentissage de nouvelles pratiques et d’ajustement encore peu observé. Le processus d’innovation collaborative adopté par une banque mutualiste apporte ici un éclairage sur la manière dont il se met en œuvre, les mutations auxquelles il donne lieu, la plasticité et l’agilité nécessaires à son succès.
Working with the Cold War
Authors: Ammert Niklas , Sharp Heather
Published: October 2016

This article presents a comparative analysis of pupils’ activities dealing with the Cold War in Swedish and Australian history textbooks. By focusing on textbook activities to which pupils respond in relation to their learning of a particular topic, this study identifies knowledge types included in a selection of history textbooks. The study also focuses on the question whether, and if so how, social values are evident in activities concerning the Cold War. The authors develop a matrix that makes it possible to examine knowledge types and social values conveyed by activities. By analyzing textbook activities, this article exposes the hidden curriculum present in the textbooks on the basis of underlying and unstated values present in the activities, and at the same time identifies the way in which the selected textbooks incorporate these values.
Writing Childhoods, Righting Memory
Authors: Pohrib Codruta Alina
Published: October 2016

This article traces different appropriations of intergenerational memory in post-communist Romania in three non-formal educational texts: the pop-up book The Golden Age for Children; Ȋn faţa blocului (Outside the apartment building), a collection of outdoor games that defined the generations of the 1970s and 1980s; and Elev în Comunism (Students during the communist regime), which comprises first person narratives by teenagers imagining their lives as pupils under communism. I flesh out the stakes involved in correcting, repurposing, or capitalizing on nostalgic remembrances of the communist past, which are or may be passed on to children by their parents who grew up under communism, paying close attention to expectations from and pressures on the family as a privileged site of memory transmission.
The Transmission of Cultural Values via EFL Textbooks in China
Authors: Li Jingyi
Published: October 2016

This article examines the cultural values conveyed via texts and illustrations in EFL (English as a foreign language) textbooks currently in use in China. The large number of cultural values represented include patriotism, respect, diligence, collectivism, and equitable gender roles. These show that the national curriculum has been implemented in EFL textbooks. At the same time, the “common sense” design of textbooks also reflects textbook editors’ and writers’ cultural values.
A Review of Frequency Response Analysis Methods for Power Transformer Diagnostics
Authors: Alsuhaibani Saleh , Khan Yasin , Beroual Abderrahmane , Malik Nazar
Published: October 2016

Power transformers play a critical role in electric power networks. Such transformers can suffer failures due to multiple stresses and aging. Thus, assessment of condition and diagnostic techniques are of great importance for improving power network reliability and service continuity. Several techniques are available to diagnose the faults within the power transformer. Frequency response analysis (FRA) method is a powerful technique for diagnosing transformer winding deformation and several other types of problems that are caused during manufacture, transportation, installation and/or service life. This paper provides a comprehensive review on FRA methods and their applications in diagnostics and fault identification for power transformers. The paper discusses theory and applications of FRA methods as well as various issues and challenges faced in the application of this method.
Water-Related Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture and Subsequently on Public Health: A Review for Generalists with Particular Reference to Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Toqeer , Scholz Miklas , Al-Faraj Furat , Niaz Wajeeha
Published: October 2016

Water-related impacts due to change in climatic conditions ranging from water scarcity to intense floods and storms are increasing in developing countries like Pakistan. Water quality and waterborne diseases like hepatitis, cholera, typhoid, malaria and dengue fever are increasing due to chaotic urbanization, industrialization, poor hygienic conditions, and inappropriate water management. The morbidity rate is high due to lack of health care facilities, especially in developing countries. Organizations linked to the Government of Pakistan (e.g., Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Climate Change, Planning and Development, Ministry of Forest, Irrigation and Public Health, Pakistan Meteorological Department, National Disaster Management, Pakistan Agricultural Research Centre, Pakistan Council for Research in Water Resources, and Global Change Impact Study Centre), United Nation organizations, provincial government departments, non-governmental organizations (e.g., Global Facility and Disaster Reduction), research centers linked to universities, and international organizations (International Institute for Sustainable Development, Food and Agriculture, Global Climate Fund and World Bank) are trying to reduce the water-related impacts of climate change, but due to lack of public awareness and health care infrastructure, the death rate is steadily increasing. This paper critically reviews the scientific studies and reports both at national and at international level benefiting generalists concerned with environmental and public health challenges. The article underlines the urgent need for water conservation, risk management, and the development of mitigation measures to cope with the water-related impacts of climate change on agriculture and subsequently on public health. Novel solutions and bioremediation methods have been presented to control environmental pollution and to promote awareness among the scientific community. The focus is on diverse strategies to handle the forthcoming challenges associated with water resources management.
Upregulated MicroRNA-25 Mediates the Migration of Melanoma Cells by Targeting DKK3 through the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway
Authors: Huo Jia , Zhang Yanfei , Li Ruilian , Wang Yuan , Wu Jiawen , Zhang Dingwei
Published: October 2016

Previous research indicates that microRNA-25 (miR-25) regulates carcinogenesis and the progression of various cancers, but the role of miR-25 in melanoma remains unclear. We observed that miR-25 was significantly upregulated in melanoma cell lines and tissue samples. Downregulation of miR-25 markedly suppressed invasion and proliferation of melanoma cells in vitro; however, overexpression of miR-25 markedly increased melanoma cell invasion and proliferation. Moreover, we observed Dickkopf-related protein 3 (DKK3) as a direct target of miR-25 in vitro. Upregulation of DKK3 partially attenuated the oncogenic effect of miR-25 on melanoma cells. Ectopic expression of miR-25 in melanoma cells induced β-catenin accumulation in nuclear and inhibited TCF4 (T cell factor 4) activity, as well as the expression of c-Myc and Cyclin D1. In a nude xenograft model, miR-25 upregulation significantly increased A375 melanoma growth. In summary, miR-25 is upregulated in melanoma and promotes melanoma cell proliferation and invasion, partially by targeting DKK3. These results were indicated that miR-25 may serve as a potential target for the treatment of melanoma in the future.
Function and Regulation of MicroRNAs and Their Potential as Biomarkers in Paediatric Liver Disease
Authors: Calvopina Diego , Coleman Miranda , Lewindon Peter , Ramm Grant
Published: October 2016

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs involved in biological and pathological processes of every cell type, including liver cells. Transcribed from specific genes, miRNA precursors are processed in the cytoplasm into mature miRNAs and as part of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) complex binds to messenger RNA (mRNA) by imperfect complementarity. This leads to the regulation of gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. The function of a number of different miRNAs in fibrogenesis associated with the progression of chronic liver disease has recently been elucidated. Furthermore, miRNAs have been shown to be both disease-and tissue-specific and are stable in the circulation, which has led to increasing investigation on their utility as biomarkers for the diagnosis of chronic liver diseases, including those in children. Here, we review the current knowledge on the biogenesis of microRNA, the mechanisms of translational repression and the use of miRNA as circulatory biomarkers in chronic paediatric liver diseases including cystic fibrosis associated liver disease, biliary atresia and viral hepatitis B.
The Sequestration of Oxy-Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Nudibranchs Miamira magnifica and Miamira miamirana
Authors: Dewi Ariyanti , Cheney Karen , Urquhart Holly , Blanchfield Joanne , Garson Mary
Published: October 2016

A series of oxy-polybrominated diphenyl ethers (O-PBDEs) has been isolated from the extracts of Miamira magnifica and Miamira miamirana collected from Queensland, Australia. M. magnifica sequesters the new OH-PBDE 1 and six known OH-PBDEs containing four to six bromines (2–7). M. miamirana also accumulates known tribromo- and tetrabromo OMe-PBDEs 8–10 in both mantle and viscera tissues. To date, Miamira is the only genus of the family Chromodorididae that is known to incorporate O-PBDEs, rather than terpenes, in the mantle where the metabolites may play a putative role in chemical defense. The extract of M. magnifica was tested in a brine shrimp lethality assay and exhibited an LD50 of 58 μg/mL.
Novel Conopeptides of Largely Unexplored Indo Pacific Conus sp.
Authors: Lebbe Eline , Ghequire Maarten , Peigneur Steve , Mille Bea , Devi Prabha , Ravichandran Samuthirapandian , Waelkens Etienne , D’Souza Lisette , De Mot René , Tytgat Jan
Published: October 2016

Cone snails are predatory creatures using venom as a weapon for prey capture and defense. Since this venom is neurotoxic, the venom gland is considered as an enormous collection of pharmacologically interesting compounds having a broad spectrum of targets. As such, cone snail peptides represent an interesting treasure for drug development. Here, we report five novel peptides isolated from the venom of Conus longurionis, Conus asiaticus and Conus australis. Lo6/7a and Lo6/7b were retrieved from C. longurionis and have a cysteine framework VI/VII. Lo6/7b has an exceptional amino acid sequence because no similar conopeptide has been described to date (similarity percentage <50%). A third peptide, Asi3a from C. asiaticus, has a typical framework III Cys arrangement, classifying the peptide in the M-superfamily. Asi14a, another peptide of C. asiaticus, belongs to framework XIV peptides and has a unique amino acid sequence. Finally, AusB is a novel conopeptide from C. australis. The peptide has only one disulfide bond, but is structurally very different as compared to other disulfide-poor peptides. The peptides were screened on nAChRs, NaV and KV channels depending on their cysteine framework and proposed classification. No targets could be attributed to the peptides, pointing to novel functionalities. Moreover, in the quest of identifying novel pharmacological targets, the peptides were tested for antagonistic activity against a broad panel of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as two yeast strains.
Novel Halogenated Pyrazine-Based Chalcones as Potential Antimicrobial Drugs
Authors: Kucerova-Chlupacova Marta , Vyskovska-Tyllova Veronika , Richterova-Finkova Lenka , Kunes Jiri , Buchta Vladimir , Vejsova Marcela , Paterova Pavla , Semelkova Lucia , Jandourek Ondrej , Opletalova Veronika
Published: October 2016

Chalcones, i.e., compounds with the chemical pattern of 1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-ones, exert a wide range of bio-activities, e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-infective etc. Our research group has been focused on pyrazine analogues of chalcones; several series have been synthesized and tested in vitro on antifungal and antimycobacterial activity. The highest potency was exhibited by derivatives with electron withdrawing groups (EWG) in positions 2 and 4 of the ring B. As halogens also have electron withdrawing properties, novel halogenated derivatives were prepared by Claisen-Schmidt condensation. All compounds were submitted for evaluation of their antifungal and antibacterial activity, including their antimycobacterial effect. In the antifungal assay against eight strains of selected fungi, growth inhibition of Candida glabrata and Trichophyton interdigitale (formerly T. mentagrophytes) was shown by non-alkylated derivatives with 2-bromo or 2-chloro substitution. In the panel of selected bacteria, 2-chloro derivatives showed the highest inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus sp. In addition, all products were also screened for their antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV My 331/88, M. kansasii My 235/80, M. avium 152/80 and M. smegmatis CCM 4622. Some of the examined compounds, inhibited growth of M. kansasii and M. smegmatis with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) comparable with those of isoniazid.
Four New 2-(2-Phenylethyl)chromone Derivatives from Chinese Agarwood Produced via the Whole-Tree Agarwood-Inducing Technique
Authors: Liu Yang-Yang , Chen De-Li , Wei Jian-He , Feng Jian , Zhang Zheng , Yang Yun , Zheng Wei
Published: October 2016

Four new 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone derivatives (1–4) were isolated from the EtOH extract of Chinese agarwood produced via the whole-tree agarwood-inducing technique, coming from Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Spreng. (Thymelaeaceae). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, such as UV, IR, MS, 1D as well as 2D NMR. All of the isolates were then assessed for their anti-inflammatory activities on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7. Compound 1 exhibited significant inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 4.6 μM.
Detection and Identification of Multiple Stationary Human Targets Via Bio-Radar Based on the Cross-Correlation Method
Authors: Zhang Yang , Chen Fuming , Xue Huijun , Li Zhao , An Qiang , Wang Jianqi , Zhang Yang
Published: October 2016

Ultra-wideband (UWB) radar has been widely used for detecting human physiological signals (respiration, movement, etc.) in the fields of rescue, security, and medicine owing to its high penetrability and range resolution. In these applications, especially in rescue after disaster (earthquake, collapse, mine accident, etc.), the presence, number, and location of the trapped victims to be detected and rescued are the key issues of concern. Ample research has been done on the first issue, whereas the identification and localization of multi-targets remains a challenge. False positive and negative identification results are two common problems associated with the detection of multiple stationary human targets. This is mainly because the energy of the signal reflected from the target close to the receiving antenna is considerably stronger than those of the targets at further range, often leading to missing or false recognition if the identification method is based on the energy of the respiratory signal. Therefore, a novel method based on cross-correlation is proposed in this paper that is based on the relativity and periodicity of the signals, rather than on the energy. The validity of this method is confirmed through experiments using different scenarios; the results indicate a discernible improvement in the detection precision and identification of the multiple stationary targets.
HIGH-RESOLUTION IR ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE 3 μm REGION: ROLE OF PERIPHERY
Authors: Maltseva Elena , Petrignani Annemieke , Candian Alessandra , Mackie Cameron J. , Huang Xinchuan , Lee Timothy J. , Tielens Alexander G. G. M. , Oomens Jos , Buma Wybren Jan
Published: October 2016

In this work we report on high-resolution IR absorption studies that provide a detailed view on how the peripheral structure of irregular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) affects the shape and position of their 3 μm absorption band. For this purpose, we present mass-selected, high-resolution absorption spectra of cold and isolated phenanthrene, pyrene, benz[a]antracene, chrysene, triphenylene, and perylene molecules in the 2950–3150 cm−1 range. The experimental spectra are compared with standard harmonic calculations and anharmonic calculations using a modified version of the SPECTRO program that incorporates a Fermi resonance treatment utilizing intensity redistribution. We show that the 3 μm region is dominated by the effects of anharmonicity, resulting in many more bands than would have been expected in a purely harmonic approximation. Importantly, we find that anharmonic spectra as calculated by SPECTRO are in good agreement with the experimental spectra. Together with previously reported high-resolution spectra of linear acenes, the present spectra provide us with an extensive data set of spectra of PAHs with a varying number of aromatic rings, with geometries that range from open to highly condensed structures, and featuring CH groups in all possible edge configurations. We discuss the astrophysical implications of the comparison of these spectra on the interpretation of the appearance of the aromatic infrared 3 μm band, and on features such as the two-component emission character of this band and the 3 μm emission plateau.
EFFECTS OF SPIN ON HIGH-ENERGY RADIATION FROM ACCRETING BLACK HOLES
Authors: O’ Riordan Michael , Pe’er Asaf , McKinney Jonathan C.
Published: October 2016

Observations of jets in X-ray binaries show a correlation between radio power and black hole spin. This correlation, if confirmed, points toward the idea that relativistic jets may be powered by the rotational energy of black holes. In order to examine this further, we perform general relativistic radiative transport calculations on magnetically arrested accretion flows, which are known to produce powerful jets via the Blandford–Znajek (BZ) mechanism. We find that the X-ray and γ-ray emission strongly depend on spin and inclination angle. Surprisingly, the high-energy power does not show the same dependence on spin as the BZ jet power, but instead can be understood as a redshift effect. In particular, photons observed perpendicular to the spin axis suffer little net redshift until originating from close to the horizon. Such observers see deeper into the hot, dense, highly magnetized inner disk region. This effect is largest for rapidly rotating black holes due to a combination of frame dragging and decreasing horizon radius. While the X-ray emission is dominated by the near horizon region, the near-infrared (NIR) radiation originates at larger radii. Therefore, the ratio of X-ray to NIR power is an observational signature of black hole spin.
THE INTERMEDIATE-LINE REGION IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI
Authors: Adhikari T. P. , Różańska A. , Czerny B. , Hryniewicz K. , Ferland G. J.
Published: October 2016

We show that the recently observed suppression of the gap between the broad-line region (BLR) and the narrow-line region (NLR) in some active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can be fully explained by an increase of the gas density in the emitting region. Our model predicts the formation of the intermediate-line region (ILR) that is observed in some Seyfert galaxies by the detection of emission lines with intermediate-velocity FWHM ∼ 700–1200 km s−1. These lines are believed to be originating from an ILR located somewhere between the BLR and NLR. As was previously proved, the apparent gap is assumed to be caused by the presence of dust beyond the sublimation radius. Our computations with the use of the cloudy photoionization code show that the differences in the shape of the spectral energy distribution from the central region of AGNs do not diminish the apparent gap in the line emission in those objects. A strong discontinuity in the line emission versus radius exists for all lines at the dust sublimation radius. However, increasing the gas density to ∼

cm−3 at the sublimation radius provides the continuous line emission versus radius and fully explains the recently observed lack of apparent gap in some AGNs. We show that such a high density is consistent with the density of upper layers of an accretion disk atmosphere. Therefore, the upper layers of the disk atmosphere can give rise to the formation of observed emission-line clouds.
LINKS BETWEEN THE SHOCK INSTABILITY IN CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE AND ASYMMETRIC ACCRETIONS OF ENVELOPES
Authors: Takahashi Kazuya , Iwakami Wakana , Yamamoto Yu , Yamada Shoichi
Published: October 2016

The explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) has not been fully understood yet, but multidimensional fluid instabilities such as standing accretion shock instability and convection are now believed to be crucial for shock revival. Another multidimensional effect that has been recently argued is the asymmetric structures in progenitors, which are induced by violent convections in silicon/oxygen layers that occur before the onset of collapse, as revealed by recent numerical simulations of the last stage of massive star evolutions. Furthermore, it has been also demonstrated numerically that accretions of such nonspherical envelopes could facilitate shock revival. These two multidimensional effects may hence hold a key to successful explosions. In this paper, we performed a linear stability analysis of the standing accretion shock in CCSNe, taking into account nonspherical, unsteady accretion flows onto the shock to clarify the possible links between the two effects. We found that such preshock perturbations can excite the fluid instabilities efficiently and hence help the shock revive in CCSNe.
« On dirait un môme »
Authors: Kaltenbeck Franz
Published: October 2016

L’enfant n’est pas seulement le pôle d’attentes ou le support narcissique de ses parents, ce « revenant » qui leur permet d’accéder à l’immortalité, selon Freud. Pour les grands dramaturges, il est aussi celui qui révèle le destin (Shakespeare, Macbeth ) un messager d’une rencontre manquée (Beckett, En attendant Godot ) ou le signifiant forclos de la vie (Beckett, Fin de partie ). Dans le réel cru, il peut aussi devenir la victime d’un meurtre oubliée par toute la société. Nous consacrerons notre article à ces fonctions dramatiques et trop réelles de l’enfant, peu abordées par la psychanalyse.
Anticiper la « pandémie grippale »
Authors: Bricaire François
Published: October 2016

L’évolution de nos sociétés modernes conduit entre autre nécessité à devoir s’organiser pour lutter contre des phénomènes infectieux. Cette préoccupation devient plus nécessaire encore pour répondre à des crises épidémiques, surtout quand elles impliquent des agents contagieux. La notion de principe de précaution est venue accentuer cette volonté de se préparer et de se protéger. Suite à l’apparition du virus H5N1, touchant les oiseaux sauvages et domestiques mais pouvant le cas échéant se transmettre à l’homme, et selon les recommandations de l’OMS, les autorités françaises ont élaboré et mis en place un plan de prévention et de lutte. Cet article fait le point sur la politique et les stratégies françaises en matière de pandémie grippale, revenant tant sur la philosophie et la structure de l’organisation, que sur les moyens mis en place (vaccins, antiviraux, masques, etc.).
Impacts économiques et sociétaux des actes terroristes, sous l’angle du bioterrorisme
Authors: Paul Jan-Peter
Published: October 2016

L’auteur présente l’approche globale mais aussi européenne en matière de lutte contre les risques et menaces terroristes liés à la prolifération biologique, en mettant l’accent sur le bioterrorisme. Dans cet article, les évaluations économiques liées au terrorisme incluent les impacts sur différents secteurs économiques comme la consommation, les marchés financiers, les flux de capitaux, le tourisme et le transport. Les effets négatifs frappent plus durement les pays en voie de développement que les pays industrialisés. Le Livre vert sur la préparation à la menace biologique, publié par la Commission européenne, est présenté et discuté. L’auteur présente par ailleurs son hypothèse de l’escalade des actions terroristes et de la réponse étatique. Il souligne l’importance des coûts de fonctionnement, qui doivent être évalués en lien avec les actions destinées à limiter les effets d’une attaque biologique, en précisant que ce n’est pas sans conséquence. Finalement, le rôle des médias est étudié en tant que facteur favorisant ou atténuant du terrorisme, y compris le bioterrorisme.
L’étude du terrorisme en France : une recherche encore embryonnaire
Authors: du Clos Sébastien Tournyol , Tournyol du Clos Sébastien
Published: October 2016

Cet article propose d’élargir les méthodes quantitatives de la criminologie à l’étude du terrorisme qui est encore souvent, particulièrement en France, menée avec les habitudes de travail des services de renseignement sous la Guerre froide. Expérimentée dans les pays anglo-saxons, la coopération interdisciplinaire autour de l’analyse quantitative et de la modélisation économique a pourtant prouvé son intérêt. Mais son application chez nous nécessiterait quelques douloureuses évolutions des mentalités...
Une vocation nouvelle pour la criminologie
Authors: Bauer Alain , Raufer Xavier , Roucaute Yves
Published: October 2016

Cette déclaration collective vise à engager la criminologie, en tant que discipline académique nouvelle, sur une voie doublement originale. Celle de l’internationalisation d’abord, tous les phénomènes criminels et terroristes importants étant aujourd’hui transnationaux ; celle de l’étude prioritaire des phénomènes collectifs ensuite, le crime organisé et le terrorisme ne fonctionnant qu’en familles, clans, réseaux, tribus, et ignorant le plus souvent l’individu ou l’individuel.
Les moyens et instruments financiers de la stratégie de sécurité globale de l’Union européenne
Authors: Saurel Stéphane
Published: October 2016

Le budget de l’Union européenne est aujourd’hui dominé par deux grandes politiques, celle agricole commune et celle de cohésion, et laisse ainsi peu d’espace aux politiques émergentes. Pour autant, les enjeux de sécurité n’en sont pas absents, les politiques liées à l’espace de liberté, sécurité et justice et les actions extérieures de l’Union étant en forte progression et la Commission ayant proposé de renforcer les moyens qui y seront dédiés au cours de la période 2014-2020. La notion de sécurité constituera ainsi, dans un contexte de forte contrainte financière, une clé de lecture stimulante pour analyser le budget européen.
De la nouveauté en matière de terrorisme
Authors: Huyghe François-Bernard
Published: October 2016

Quoi de “neuf" en matière de terrorisme dix ans après le 11 septembre ? L’auteur suggère en guise de tendances émergentes : la montée en puissance de groupes de type AQMI (alternant terrorisme, guérilla et activités criminelles), des attentats plus sanglants mais avec un taux de réussite inférieure, et une prédilection des groupes ou des individus pour une “propagande par le fait" orientée vers l’image spectaculaire et les réseaux sociaux.
Al-Qaïda au Maghreb islamique et la crise malienne
Authors: Lounnas Djallil
Published: October 2016

Cet article montre que l’organisation Al Qaïda au Maghreb islamique s’est, selon le schéma d’une organisation complexe, parfaitement inséré dans l’environnement social et économique du Sahel ce qui rend très difficile la possibilité de l’en extraire. En effet, depuis le début des années 2000, les phalanges de l’AQMI ont tissé des liens familiaux avec les tribus locales, se sont impliquées dans les trafics en tout genre de la région leur permettant ainsi de déployer leurs bases arrières dans le nord-Mali. Face à cela, l’Algérie, puissance régionale, avait suivi une stratégie d’endiguement plutôt qu’une intervention afin d’éviter un enlisement, misant sur les acteurs locaux afin d’enrayer la menace AQMI. Aujourd’hui les conséquences de la chute du régime de Kadhafi et l’effondrement du gouvernement malien remettent en cause cette stratégie et nécessite une coopération régionale et internationale accrue afin d’enrayer la montée en puissance de l’AQMI et de ses affiliés.
Les mutations d’Al-Qaïda : évolutions combattantes et effet démultiplicateur du cyber-djihad
Authors: Migaux Philippe
Published: October 2016

La mouvance moudjahidine a évolué depuis les attentats du 11 septembre 2001. La neutralisation de nombreux cadres historiques dans la région afghano-pakistanaise n’a toutefois pas anéanti Al-Qaïda, qui reste le modèle fondateur. L’organisation, mutante et active, a adapté sa stratégie combattante pour crédibiliser l’existence d’un djihad global et a affiné sa stratégie de communication. Quatre organisations « franchisées » suivent la stratégie du djihad global : Al-Qaïda dans la Péninsule Arabique, Al-Qaïda au Maghreb islamique, Al-Qaïda au pays des deux rivières et Mouvement de la Jeunesse Islamique – les Shebabs. Depuis 2005, Al-Qaïda a aussi su compléter sa panoplie opérationnelle par le développement de cellules dormantes, de groupes domestiques et de loups solitaires, composés de militants auto-radicalisés, en particulier grâce à Internet.