bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of female to male ratio in receiving conventional complete denture prosthesis — A retrospective study
Authors: Cibikkarthik T  , Revathi Duraisamy  , Jessy P
Published: September 2020

A complete denture is defined as a 'dental prosthesis which replaces entire dentition and associated structures of the maxilla and mandible'. Functions of complete Dentures include restoring aesthetics, mastication, and speech. When all the teeth within a jaw have been lost and need to be replaced, and it is an exclusively tissue-supported prosthesis if implants are not indicated. Tooth loss can occur due to many reasons, such as Dental caries, Periodontal disease, Trauma and Congenital disorders. So the aim of the study was to evaluate the ratio between the female and male patients in receiving the complete denture in dental college and Hospitals. Data of 423 patients records were and retrieved from total data of 86000 patients who visited between June 2019 and March 2020. The study parameters such as age, gender and patients who received complete denture were recorded and converted into excel sheets for tabulation, and the collected data were entered in SPSS and through Chi-square test. Results from the study revealed that prevalence among the males was 59.8% and among the females was 40.2%; distribution of complete denture among various age groups revealed 85.1% above 50 years and 14.9% below 50 years. The association between the age groups and the frequency of gender revealed Pearson Chi-Square Value-0.005;p<0.05 Hence statistically significant. The study showed that male patients and patients above 50 years were more likely to be delivered with a complete denture. The study revealed the male predominance due to their poor oral hygiene.
Fixed Partial Dentures vs Implants in Replacement of Single Missing Tooth in University Hospital Setting - A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ashwin Shravan Kumar M  , Revathi Duraisamy
Published: September 2020

The goal of prosthetic treatment is to restore the normal function, contour and comfort of the teeth. In replacement of anteriors enormous effort is required to bring up aesthetics whereas in posterior teeth replacement effort to replace the function should not be compromised. This study aims to evaluate the preference of FPD and implants in replacement of single lower anterior teeth. A retrospective data collection was done by collecting and reviewing 86000 case sheets of the outpatients department. The study period was about 10 months. Inclusion criteria & exclusion criteria were available. Parameters were tabulated and analysed using SPSS software. There were totally 667 patients treated for replacement of a single missing tooth in the study period. Among these 346 were males and 321 were females.90% of both the population irrespective of age and gender had been preferring fixed partial dentures in replacement of single missing tooth. This study is in consensus with existing literature that fixed partial dentures are widely used for the replacement of single teeth. However, though not statistically significant,10-20% of our study group still preferred to be treated with conventional fixed partial denture treatment. Whether systemic health issues or socioeconomic reasons played a role in the choice of treatment needs to be further evaluated with larger sample size and multicentre studies among our population.
Frequency, distribution and obturation technique of root canal retreatment among patients attending a teaching dental hospital in Chennai - A retrospective study
Authors: Krishna Kanth Jaju  , Raghu Sandhya  , Mahalakshmi Jayaraman
Published: September 2020

The aim of the study was to determine frequency, distribution and obturation technique of root canal retreatment among patients attending a teaching dental hospital in Chennai from June 2019 to March 2020. Three hundred seventy case records of endodontic retreatment were obtained, 262 met inclusion criteria. Patients above 18 years of age, patients who visited from June 2019 to March 2020 and patients who have already finished root canal treatment and had complaints of pain were included. Data were tabulated into excel sheets under the headings age, gender, teeth no, obturation technique. Then data were analyzed using SPSS software (23.0). The statistical analysis of the data was performed using chi-square test. Out of the 262 case sheets analysed, 64.9% were male and 35.1% were female. Most commonly affected age group was 18-30 years (38.5%), the least affected age group was above 60 years (6.9%). Most commonly affected teeth were 11,21 (26%,11.8%), least commonly involved were 17,27,32,33 (0.4% - 0.8%). Matched taper single cone technique was most commonly used (57.6%) followed by lateral compaction (40.5%), least commonly preferred technique was warm vertical compaction (1.9%). Overall results of the study are statistically not significant (P>0.05). Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that the prevalence of retreatment cases was high in upper anterior teeth followed by lower posterior. Whereas the association of retreatment cases was least in upper posterior and lower left lateral and canines. Incidence of retreatment cases in relation to root canal treated teeth was higher in male among the 18 - 30 year's age group.
Self etch adhesives - An update
Authors: Nishanthana Murali  , Balaji Ganesh S  , Anitha Roy
Published: September 2020

Self etch adhesives are one of the most recent advancements the field of dentistry has seen recently. Adhesive frameworks today are either an "etch and rinse or total etch" or "self-etch" approach, which contrast by the way they interact with the tooth structures. Total etch frameworks include phosphoric etchants to pretreat the dental hard tissues before the ensuing use of a bonding agent. Self-etch type of adhesives are generally consisting of acid type monomers, that perform the actions of etching and rinsing the tooth structures at the same time. The former type of total etch adhesives are consistent with step frameworks, contingent upon the primer and bonding agent being independent or joined in a solitary container. Thus, self etch systems seem to be easily accessible as they are a couple of phase framework. Both the framework systems structure a mixed layer because the resin is infiltrating the permeable dentin or enamel. In spite of current patterns leaning in the direction of less straightforward clinical application steps, one-step holding frameworks seem to have lower bonding qualities and appear to be less foreseeable than multi-step etch and rinse, or self etch systems. They have a variety of advantages and disadvantages which are discussed in this article. They are more popular nowadays, and this review also includes its advantages over the etch and rinse system and as well as its disadvantages compared to the etch and rinse system. It also includes the types of self etch adhesives based on the steps and range of acidity as well as some of its properties.
Physicochemical, antioxidant and sensory properties of chocolate spread fortified with jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) flour
Authors: Fitriani Nur U.A. , Yusuf M. , Pirman  , Syahriati  , Rahmiah S.
Published: September 2020

Chocolate spread is often considered as an unhealthy product with low antioxidant activity
and phenolic content since it does not contain cocoa liquor. This research aimed to
investigate the potential on the physicochemical composition and antioxidant activity of
jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) flour and red palm olein in the chocolate spread
formulations. The effect of the jack fruit and red palm olein incorporation on the quality
attributes and high nutritional value of chocolate spread was also examined.
Physicochemical properties of the fortified chocolate spread, as well as the evaluation of
physical parameters in the chocolate spread, were investigated. Melting points were
analyzed by DSC (Differential scanning calorimeter) method, colour lightness was
analyzed by chromameter hunter method, profile bioactive compound was analyzed by
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and whilst for viscosity by Brookfield
Viscometer method. The analysis results obtained that the sample code F5 (10% jackfruit
flour: 26% sugar) contains of 43.47% fat, 0,88% free fatty acids, polyphenol 127 mg/g,
160.16 mg/g carotenoids, 42.75 μg/mL antioxidant activity IC50, and 6.19 degree of
acidity per 100 g chocolate spreads and high panelists preference. However, the fortified
chocolate spread had different characteristics from each other either in the chemical,
physical or sensory properties. The best formulation code is F5 with 10% jackfruit flour,
fortification significantly increased the antioxidant activity, carotenoid, polyphenols,
viscosity, colour and melting points. Additionally, chocolate spread with 10% of jackfruit
flour by-product presented the highest-ranking test rate of the three sensory attributes of
aroma, taste and texture. Therefore, the use of jackfruit by-products in the development of
chocolate spread is a viable alternative which can be explored for nutritional,
technological and sensory purposes by the food industry.
Feminization of Teaching in Bangladesh: Exploring the Influence of State, Market, and Family
Authors: Mim Shamnaz Arifin
Published: September 2020

Although the number of women teachers is increasing in primary schools, the profession is often devalued considering social prestige and remuneration. This review article thus aims to explore the ways in which existing structures of the state, markets, and families in Bangladesh are leading to feminize primary school teaching. By adopting a gender lens, this study is mainly supported by kinds of literature, policy documents, and guidelines were ‘teaching as a feminized profession’ has been conceptualized in a global-local context. The study argues that states’ existing policies regarding primary school teaching is politicized in a way that it encourages women and devalues the profession at the same time.  This critical descriptive review reveals how income status within the home can shape masculine and feminine work experiences and how the whole process of teaching gets cheaper with the presupposed gender-roles. The household ideology within patriarchal structures encourages women to pursue this profession which provides them enough time to take care of the family. Finally, the societal fabrics of the market and heteronormative ideas of family are found as intertwined with the state’s intervention to feminize primary school teaching. This study would therefore hopefully lead to change gendered mindsets of not only the policymakers but also of both the men and women themselves who should pursue primary teaching as a profession where they genuinely can contribute regardless of their gender-roles.
Волинсько-поліська говірка в романі Володимира Лиса «Стара холера»: морфологічний рівень
Authors: Зінчук Руслана
Published: September 2020

Incorporating dialect phenomena into modern literary text and the study of the individual author's technique of using them in literary work is one of the most topical issues of modern linguistics. It is an important source of information about the trends of dialect and literary language interaction.

In this context, the writers' interest in North-Ukrainian dialects deserves special attention, in particular, the actualization of the Volyn-Polissian lingual elements in fiction. Volodymyr Lys shows unique mastery in reproducing the vivid dialect elements of Volyn Polissia in his works.

The source of factual material for the case study is the novel Old Cholera by Volodymyr Lys. Although a considerable amount of research has been devoted to the writer's artistic language, few attempts have been made to investigate this novel, and it contains rich material for linguistic and dialectological studies.

The purpose of the study is to trace the morphological features of the Volyn-Polissian dialect in Volodymyr Lys's novel Old Cholera.

The study of the analyzed material has revealed that the writer conveyed, in the most detailed and consistent way, the dialectal differences in phonetic design, morpheme structure, and inflection of pronouns. Expressive dialectal phenomena illustrate the specifics of the formation of nouns and differences in the morpheme composition of adverbs. Several examples present local features of the phonetic framing and inflection of numerals. Differences in the system of adjective formation are evidenced by single dialectal phenomena. The examples with local verbs declension features are limited in number. Given the origin, morphological innovations dominate, the reasons for which are typical for the described area phonetic patterns, and similar processes.

The individual author's feature of using the elements of dialect speech not only in the dialogues of characters but in the author narrative is considered as a successful artistic technique. It impresses with the effect of natural speech and is perceived as a subjective narrative-confession/
Фенаменалогія жывога слова: даніна памяці і вартасць незабыўнага
Authors: Капцова Юлія
Published: September 2020

The article elucidates the issues of the general anthropocentric orientation of modern linguistic research, taking into account the “human” factor and through the prism of subjective vision of the world. Scholars believe that a word is not only a way of exchanging thoughts but also a form of interaction of people, a means of stimulating their consciousness, will and emotions, a way to achieve mutual understanding in society, or a failure to achieve it.

The article examines the phenomenological aspects of the Belarusian word, using the antinomy memorable and unforgettable  as a case study. The phenomenon of the unforgettable is associated with the archaeological approach to the obvious reality embodied in the word, the study of the deep semantic structures of the language, its “internal” forms. Using the phenomenological approach, the study seeks to reveal the phenomena of multi-vector word usage in live speech and interpret their semantics. In the focus is the language as the prerequisite for the study of the life world – a phenomenological reality embodied in the continuum of the living word.

The characteristic features of a living word are justified, and a living word is considered not as a part of a sign system (which is accepted in the traditional approach) but as the reality of metalinguistic creativity. The distinguishing features of a living word are identified: eidetic nature, impressive (graphic) nature, text formation ability, lack of pragmatic significance, non-discursiveness, semantic elusiveness (“diverse semantic vectoriality”).

The significance of the results of the work is obvious since they stimulate the continuation of the phenomenological study of Belarusian language reality. The linguistic phenomenology in this context can be considered as a promising direction that can explain the principle of linguistic variability of a living word, as well as the contradiction between symbols and their infinity of meanings expressed by them.
Early Poetic Discourse in China
Authors: Semenenko Ivan Ivanovich
Published: September 2020

The article examines “The Great Preface” (I century AD) to the canonical “Book of Songs” (Shi jing) - the earliest and most influential poetics in the Chinese literary tradition. The research objectives are as follows: to describe this poetics as a comprehensive whole revealing its structural integrity. Scientific originality of the paper lies in the fact that relying on achievements of the western literary criticism, philology, rhetoric and logic, the author provides a comprehensive typological analysis of the literary work under study. The findings indicate that, with a tendency to recognize self-sufficiency of poetry, “The Great Preface” poetics establishes a utilitarian-rhetorical approach to poetical creativity.
Ways of Expressing Axiological Attitudes in the English-Language PR-Texts
Authors: Sergienko Polina Igorevna
Published: September 2020

The study aims to determine the most effective methods of conveying axiological attitudes in the English-language PR-texts. Scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it is the first work to consider various ways of expressing axiological attitudes in the English-language PR-discourse, to determine their effectiveness in terms of influencing the audience. As a result, it was found that value attitudes can be expressed at linguistic and extralinguistic levels. The most frequent value orientations are of universal nature and instrumental in developing an effective strategy of communication with the audience.
Hemorrhagic cystitis in pediatric patients: Case presentation with review of the literature and advised treatment algorithm
Authors: Sholy Bilal , Bahouth Zaher , Shprits Sagi , Farhat Walid , Halachmi Sarel
Published: September 2020

Hemorrhagic Cystitis after bone marrow transplantation in pediatric patients has a wide clinical spectrum ranging from microscopic hematuria to a life-threatening bleeding. Herein, we describe an unusual case of a 14-year-old male with severe HC and bladder perforation successfully treated by surgery followed by intravesical prostaglandin administration. We discuss the various modalities to treat Hemorrhagic Cystitis and present a proposed treatment scheme.
Envelope Following Response Measurements in Young Veterans Are Consistent With Noise-Induced Cochlear Synaptopathy
Authors: Bramhall Naomi , McMillan Garnett , Kampel Sean
Published: September 2020

Animal studies have demonstrated that noise exposure can lead to the loss of the synapses between the inner hair cells and their afferent auditory nerve fiber targets without impacting auditory thresholds. Although several non-invasive physiological measures appear to be sensitive to cochlear synaptopathy in animal models, including auditory brainstem response (ABR) wave I amplitude, the envelope following response (EFR), and the middle ear muscle reflex (MEMR), human studies of these measures in samples that are expected to vary in terms of the degree of noise-induced synaptopathy have resulted in mixed findings. One possible explanation for the differing results is that synaptopathy risk is lower for recreational noise exposure than for occupational or military noise exposure. The goal of this analysis was to determine if EFR magnitude and ABR wave I amplitude are reduced among young Veterans with a history of military noise exposure compared with non-Veteran controls with minimal noise exposure. EFRs and ABRs were obtained in a sample of young (19-35 years) Veterans and non-Veterans with normal audiograms and robust distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). Mean EFR magnitudes and ABR wave I amplitudes were reduced for Veterans compared with non-Veteran controls. These findings replicate previous ABR wave I amplitude results in young Veterans and are consistent with animal models of noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy.
The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
Authors: Page Matthew James , McKenzie Joanne , Bossuyt Patrick , Boutron Isabelle , Hoffmann Tammy , mulrow cindy , Shamseer Larissa , Tetzlaff Jennifer , Akl Elie , Brennan Sue E , Chou Roger , Glanville Julie , Grimshaw Jeremy , Hróbjartsson Asbjørn , Lalu Manoj Mathew , Li Tianjing , Loder Elizabeth , Mayo-Wilson Evan , McDonald Steve , McGuinness Luke A , Stewart Lesley , Thomas James , Tricco Andrea , Welch Vivian Andrea , Whiting Penny , Moher David
Published: September 2020

Background: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement, published in 2009, was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report why the review was done, what the authors did and what they found. Over the last decade, there have been many advances in systematic review methodology and terminology, which have necessitated an update to the guideline.Objectives: To develop the PRISMA 2020 statement for reporting systematic reviews.Methods: We reviewed 60 documents with reporting guidance for systematic reviews to generate suggested modifications to the PRISMA 2009 statement. We sought feedback on the suggested modifications through an online survey of 110 systematic review methodologists and journal editors. The results of the review and survey were discussed at a 21-member in-person meeting. Following the meeting, drafts of the PRISMA 2020 checklist, abstract checklist, explanation and elaboration and flow diagram were generated and refined iteratively based on feedback from co-authors and a convenience sample of 15 systematic reviewers.Results: In this statement paper, we present the PRISMA 2020 27-item checklist, an expanded checklist that details reporting recommendations for each item, the PRISMA 2020 abstract checklist, and the revised flow diagrams for original and updated reviews. The checklist includes new reporting guidance that reflects advances in methods to identify, select, appraise and synthesise studies. The structure and presentation of the items have been modified to facilitate implementation. The PRISMA 2020 statement replaces the 2009 statement.Conclusions: The PRISMA 2020 statement is intended to facilitate transparent, complete and accurate reporting of systematic reviews. Improved reporting should benefit users of reviews, including guideline developers, policy makers, health care providers, patients and other stakeholders. In order to achieve this, we encourage authors, editors and peer-reviewers to adopt the guideline.
Physiological Coregulation during Social Support Discussions
Authors: Zee Katherine S. , Bolger Niall
Published: September 2020

Close relationships are proposed to function as dynamic regulatory systems, whereby partners jointly regulate each other’s emotions and physiology to maintain an equilibrium level of responding—–a process known as coregulation. Little is known, however, regarding when coregulation emerges. We hypothesized that because social support interactions involve explicit interpersonal emotion regulation attempts, they might be especially likely to engender stabilizing patterns of coregulation that entrain partners’ responses towards an equilibrium level. We conducted a dyadic laboratory experiment in which romantic couples engaged in social support and control discussions as cardiovascular responses were measured. To assess dyadic coregulation, we used dynamical systems modeling with Bayesian estimation to capture the frequency of oscillations around an equilibrium level and changes in amplitudes over time. Results indicated there was coregulation across discussions as a whole, as well as differences in coregulation by discussion type and gender. Stabilizing coregulatory dynamics—indicated by patterns of oscillations around an equilibrium level and decreases in amplitudes as the discussions progressed—were more pronounced during social support(vs. control) discussions, especially when the male partner received support. There was also substantial between-dyad heterogeneity in couples’ coregulation trajectories, whereby some couples showed pronounced coregulatory dynamics whereas other did not. Overall, this work suggests that social support interactions may be a key context when coregulation emerges and thereby offers novel insights into how relationships might contribute to well-being.
An ecological momentary compassion-focused intervention for enhancing resilience in help-seeking youths: a pilot study
Authors: Rauschenberg Christian , Boecking Benjamin , Paetzold Isabell , Schruers Koen R. J. , Schick Anita , van Amelsvoort Therese , Reininghaus Ulrich
Published: September 2020

Digital interventions offer new avenues for prevention and treatment in youth. Ecological momentary interventions (EMIs) allow for adaptive and real-time delivery of intervention components in daily life. Compassion-focused interventions may be particularly amenable to translation into an EMI to strengthen emotional resilience in youth. We aimed to investigate initial therapeutic effects, feasibility, and safety of a novel, accessible, transdiagnostic, ecological momentary, compassion-focused intervention for improving emotional resilience (‘EMIcompass’) in an uncontrolled pilot study including help-seeking youth with psychotic, depressive, and/or anxiety symptoms. The EMIcompass intervention consisted of three sessions with a trained psychologist and a 3-week EMI administered through a mobile health app. In total, ten individuals (Mage=20.3 years) were included. Reduced stress sensitivity, momentary negative affect, and psychotic experiences as well as increased positive affect were found at post-intervention and 4-week follow-up. Further, reductions in psychotic, anxiety, and depressive symptoms of medium to large effect size were found (r=0.30-0.65). Most participants were satisfied (80%) and reported low burden of app usage. No adverse events were observed. Our findings provide initial evidence on beneficial effects, feasibility, and safety of the EMIcompass intervention in help-seeking youth. An exploratory randomised controlled trial is warranted to establish feasibility and preliminary evidence of efficacy.
A Share of VAT on GDP in Nepal After 2010 A.D
Authors: Adhikari Krishna Gopal
Published: September 2020

This research paper examines the share of VAT on GDP in Nepal After 2010 A.D. Value Added Tax (VAT) is the most recent innovation in the field of taxation. Actually, VAT is considered one of the most important tax revenue of the second half of the twentieth century. It is a scientific tax system, which was first introduced in 1954 in France. VAT is a family member of indirect tax. Economic development has been one of the most popular slogans in almost all the developing countries all over the world. The main concern of study is to analyze the share of VAT on the gross domestic product in Nepal. This article based up secondary source of information collects from economic survey, books, article, journals and research paper. This paper employs descriptive research design. This study shows that the share of VAT is increasing every year since 2010 A.D. It plays the important role for economic development in Nepal. This article is very useful to the researchers, government and policy makers who want to know the contribution of VAT on GDP in Nepal. VAT is a broad based tax as it also covers the value added to each commodity by a firm during all stages of production and distribution.
Cultural Specific Language in Kirat Yaakthung Mundhum
Authors: Tumbahang Mohan Kumar
Published: September 2020

This article attempts to discuss the various forms of the Kiraat Yaakthung Mundhum language employed in the various ritualistic performances. It has applied the qualitative research design in which the study attempts to gather non-numerical data explicitly referring to the meanings, concepts, definitions, or characteristics. Written documents related to the Kirat Yaakthung Mundhum are not adequate for having the ideas about the linguistic variations because the Mundhum is mostly based on oral tradition of recitation. The Limbu priests locally known as 'Saambaas' recite the diverse forms of the Mundhum depending on types of rituals they are performing. Basing on the available voice records, empirical knowledge, and written Mundhum documents, the paper has been prepared. After the analysis, the study has revealed that the elements of ethnographies of communication play a crucial role to bring about the distinctiveness in the level and meaning of the Mundhum utterances. This study may be helpful for those who are interested in the structure of the ritual language.
Analisis Strategi Pengembangan Sapi Pakan Alternatif dari Pelepah Kelapa Sawit di Kabupaten Asahan
Authors: Ajiputra Rohardian , Hasnudi Hasnudi , Pane Erwin
Published: September 2020

This research was conducted in Asahan Regency, to see the study in general. Meanwhile, a detailed study was conducted in the sub-districts chosen to represent all the sub-districts in Asahan Regency. The study was conducted for 2 (two) months, from September to December 2016. The research sample was 70 cattle farmers spread in Air Batu District as many as 37 people, Aek Kuasan District as many as 25 people and Meranti District as many as 8 people. Analysis of the development strategy was carried out using the SWOT (Strengths Opportunities Weaknesses and Threat) analysis method. The conclusion is that the development of cattle business which is given alternative feed for oil palm fronds in Asahan Regency is still possible because the strength and pelauang factors have the greatest value from the weakness and threat factors. The priority sequence of strategies for developing cattle business which is given alternative feed for oil palm fronds in Asahan Regency is to form cattle breed cooperatives so that there is no price difference that is too large, improve the quality of human resources for cattle farmers, develop product innovations, increase access to capital to increase production , increasing cooperation with oil palm farmers in order to obtain raw material for midribs, increasing demand for cattle by expanding markets, developing efficient marketing systems, improving the quality of cattle.
Analisis Pemasaran Sapi di Kabupaten Batubara
Authors: Imam Fahrizal , Hasnudi Hasnudi , Sembiring Rasmulia , Siregar Tumpal H.S.
Published: September 2020

This study aims to identify and analyze marketing channels, marketing margins, farmer share levels, marketing efficiency and cattle marketing strategies in Batubara Regency. This research was conducted in May - June 2017. The research location was selected by purposive sampling and carried out in 3 (three) districts, Lima Puluh, Sei Suka, and Medang Deras Districts. The research respondents were taken by classified random sampling as many as 85 cattle farmers, and the sample of traders selected by snowball ball sampling were 11 local collectors and 2 large traders. Data analysis was performed descriptively quantitative. The results showed that there were 4 channels formed from marketing institutions namely marketing channel I (breeder-local collecting agent-big-slaughterer), marketing channel II (breeder - local-consumer collecting agent), marketing channel III (breeder-collecting agent local-traders outside the region) and marketing channels IV (breeder-consumer / butcher). The highest marketing margin is in channel I and the lowest is in marketing channel IV. The highest portion received by farmers occurred in marketing channel IV by 100% and the lowest occurred in marketing channel I. Marketing channel IV was the most efficient channel seen from the calculation of the efficiency index.
Analisis Usahatani dan Saluran Pemasaran Biji Kakao di Kecamatan Juhar Kabupaten Karo Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Authors: Antri Sianturi Meri Juli , Lubis Zulkarnain , Siregar Tumpal H.S.
Published: September 2020

This study aims to (1) Know the cost elements of farming; (2) To know the financial feasibility of cocoa farming through analysis of B/C ratio and R/C ratio; (3) to know the cost structure of farming; (4) Analyzing the acceptance and income of cocoa farmers (5) Knowing the cocoa bean marketing system; (6) Knowing the cost, profit, margin and marketing efficiency of each marketing agencies, as well as the large farmer's share obtained by cocoa farmers in Kecamatan Juhar, Karo District.  Determination of location of research conducted by the method of "Purposive Sampling". Sampling conducted by judgment sampling, while the determination of merchant that made the sample was done by snowball sampling method. The research method used in this research is survey method by conducted interviews and observation of fishermen and traders.  The results of this study are 1) The cost of farming cover of labor, fertilizers and pesticides. (2) The result of B/C and R/C ratio is greater than one, so farming can be cultivated because it gives benefits for farmers. (3) The cost of cocoa farming is divided into two, namely: a) Fixed costs and non-fixed costs. The fixed cost (TFC) consists of labor, while the variable cost (VC) consists of fertilizers and pesticides. (4) Average income of cocoa farmers is Rp.13.280.000 per year or equivalent to Rp.1.101.500 per month. (5) Cocoa beans marketing in Juhar Subdistrict there are three types of marketing channels. Marketing channel 1 is Farmers à  Village traders à Sub-district traders à Traders at provincial level. The types of marketing channel II is Farmers à Sub-district traders à Traders at the provincial level. The marketing channel III is Farmers à Village traders à Traders at provincial level. (6) The largest costs, benefits and margins obtained marketing by tipe of one marketing is Rp.2.338; Rp.3.586 dan Rp.5.924 The marketing efficiency is tipe of three marketing yi 4,2%. The bigger the share of the price received by farmers, it can be said that the marketing channel is more efficient. Thus the most efficient marketing channel is the three marketing channels.
Disparitas Penuntutan Pada Perkara Tindak Pidana Penganiayaan dalam Sistem Pemidanaan di Indonesia
Authors: Saragih Benny Leonard , Ediwarman Ediwarman , Zul Muaz
Published: September 2020

Difference in punishment or sentencing disparity is basically a natural thing because it can be said almost no case that is really the same. Disparity becomes a problem when the range of the sentence imposed differences between similar cases so large, giving rise to injustice and can give rise to suspicions in the community. Disparities in the Criminal (disparity of sentencing) is not the same as the application of criminal offenses against the same (same offense) or the criminal acts that are dangerous to be compared (offenses of comparable seriousness) without clear justification. Based on Law No. 16 of 2004 which replaced Law No. 5 of 1991 About the Prosecutor of the Republic of Indonesia is an institution in the field of prosecution of the main authority of the public prosecutor act prosecution about what is meant by the prosecution as well as the reference to the provisions of Article 1 point 7 and Article 137 Law No. 8 of 1981 on the Law of Criminal Procedure Code (Criminal Code). Research Methods in writing this thesis carried out by the method of normative law, namely analyzing and searching for answers to the problems raised by the substantive law / legal norms contained in the rules of law, the Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA), the Supreme Court Circular, and etc. Factors that cause the disparity criminal offense namely Legislation Provisions factors, internal factors and external factors.
Pembebasan Bersyarat Bagi Narapidana Di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Klas II B Lubuk Pakam
Authors: Situmorang Edward Pahala , Barus Utary Maharany , Isnaini Isnaini
Published: September 2020

This study aims to look at the implementation of imprisonment for prisoners and how the implementation of parole for prisoners as well as what are the obstacles and efforts in the implementation of parole for prisoners. The method of approach used in this research is normative juridical, which is an approach that emphasizes searches and library materials. Conditional release is the process of fostering prisoners outside Penitentiary after undergoing at least 2/3 of his sentence with a stipulation of 2/3 of the criminal period of at least 9 months. Obstacles that occur in the Conditional Release by the Class II Correctional Institution B Lubuk Pakamadalah Tightening parole for prisoners related to Government Regulation Number 99 of 2012 contrary to Law Number 12 of 1995 as stated that each prisoner is entitled to the same treatment as the right to obtain parole.
Analisis terhadap Pencegahan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang oleh Bank Negara Indonesia
Authors: Nugroho Nur , Sunarmi Sunarmi , Siregar Mahmul , Munthe Riswan
Published: September 2020

Money laundering can undermine the national economy as it is very closely linked to the belief that one or another country against the policy of the State. Usually money laundering illicit money was made by mixing with legitimate money so that a legitimate business will not compete with companies who are honest, undermining the integrity of the financial markets due to the financial institutions (financial institutions) even rely on the proceeds of crime can face the danger of liquidity; resulting in a loss of government control of the economy of a country whose policies result in lack of confidence in other countries against its policies. In carrying out its supervisory duties USU Bank BNI has implemented Law No. 8 of 20110 on AML with Bank Indonesia Regulation No. 11/28 / PBI / by applying the principle to know the Customer and step in stages in accordance with Circular No. 11/31 / DPNP Year 2009 Standard Guidelines for the Implementation of Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism for Banks
Analisis Hukum Perpajakan terhadap Investasi Properti Terkait dengan Penerimaan Pajak di Kota Medan
Authors: Budiman Syarioto , Ginting Budiman , Maharani Utary , Lubis Anggreni Atmei
Published: September 2020

The method used in this research is normative juridical approach is prescriptive to examine the sources of literature relevant to the theme of research, including research on the general principles of law, legislation, as well as provisions on the cash receipts from the tax sector property. Implementation of the UN tax collection and BPHTB include data collection, assessment, determination, administration and comprehensive services, of course this is not easy and has many obstacles. The obstacles encountered in the area of property tax collection comes from internal and external side. In terms of internal investment required a high cost in the provision of facilities, shortage of human resources in collecting taxes, updating the data base, while in terms of the external is the awareness of the community in paying taxes, their mode of misappropriation of law and the administration of the taxpayer, as well as the role of  notary still less than the maximum help in the collection of property taxes.
Hubungan Pola Asuh Demokratis dan Interaksi Teman Sebaya dengan Kecerdasan Emosional Siswa Kelas V Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 1 Bebesen
Authors: Sabaria R Atika , Munir Abdul , Metia Cut
Published: September 2020

This research aims to determine the relationship between democratic parenting and peer interaction with emotional intelligence. The hypothesis proposed, there is a positive relationship between democratic parenting and peer interaction with emotional intelligence, the higher democratic parenting pattern and peer interaction, so the emotional intelligence will be the higher also . The population in this research amounted to 113 people and the sample in this research amounted to 85 people. The method that researchers use is quantitative and for take a sampling technique researchers using total sampling technique. Scale form in the researchers using Guttman scale with the coefficient of reliability in democratic parenting of 0.903 on peer interaction of 0.764 and on emotional intelligence of 0.888. Data analysis that researchers used is multiple regression analysis and partial correlation. Based on the result, researchers concluded that there is a significant relationship between democratic parenting and peer interaction with emotional intelligence, as shown by coefficient r = 0.518; with p = 0.00 means (p 0.01) it’s means that the higher the democratic parenting pattern and peer interaction so the emotional intelligence will be the higher also . Based on the empirical mean and hypothetical variables mean of democratic parenting in this research is (70.106 57.00), Interaction variables of peers (44.047 36.00), and emotional intelligence variables (64.176 52.500) known that the subject of research has a democratic parenting, interaction peers and high emotional intelligence.
Hubungan antara Kepercayaan Diri dan Dukungan Orangtua dengan Kemandirian Belajar Siswa di SMA Dharma Pancasila Medan
Authors: Nasution Rinda Ariati , Akhyar Syaiful , Aziz Azhar
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of self-confidence and support parents with the independence of student learning in SMA Dharma Pancasila Medan. This research is quantitative descriptive research. The population of the study were the students of SMA Dharma Pancasila Medan as many as 472 students consisting of class X as many as 4 classes, class XI as many as 5 classes, and class XII of 5 classes. By using Random Sampling Technique obtained sample of 120 respondents. The result of descriptive analysis shows that in general condition of self confidence, parent support and independence of studying high school students Dharma Pancasila classified. The results of multiple regression analysis of the first hypothesis show that there is a positive and significant relationship between self-confidence with learning independence, the contribution of 27.7%. The second hypothesis shows that there is a positive and significant correlation between parental support and learning independence, contribution of 31,2% and third hypothesis shows there is positive and significant correlation between self confidence and parent support to student learning independence with contribution equal to 41,9%. Based on the results of the study is expected all elements of the school to develop student independence through among other self-confidence planting that students can become independent individuals.
Hubungan Antara Secure Attachment dan Kemandirian dengan Motivasi Berprestasi pada Remaja
Authors: Rahmadani Sri , Darmayanti Nefi , Minauli Irna
Published: September 2020

The purpose this study was to determine the relationship between secure attachment with achievement motivation,  the relationship between autonomy with achievement motivation, and the relationship between secure attachment and autonomy with achievement motivation in adolescents students. The population of this research was students of class X, XI and XII Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) Tebing Tinggi. The sample was 103 students were take by stratified random sampling technique. This study used secure attachment scale, autonomy scale, and achievement motivation scale. Double regression analysis showed FCOUNT  33, 482 with  p = 0,000 (p0,005). The result indicate that there was significant correlation between secure attachment and autonomy with achievement. Patrially, there is a significant relationship secure attachment with achievement rxy = 0,365 with  p 0,01 and there is a significant relationship between autonomy with achievement motivation  rxy = 0,361 with  p 0,01. R2 square value was 0, 527 it means that secure attachment and autonomy simultaneously contribute 52,7% toward achievement motivation.
Hubungan Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) Dan Motivasi Kerja Dengan Kinerja Karyawan.
Authors: Damayanti Ruth , Lubis M. Rajab , Effendy Sjahril
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the organizational citizenship behavior (OCBC) correlation and work motivation with the performance of CV employees. Bagus Alam Sejahtera, Medan. The sampling technique in this study was total sampling. The sample in this study amounted to 100 people. The instrument used was a Likert scale questionnaire. The data collection technique uses three scales consisting of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), work motivation, and employee performance. The data analysis technique used is Multiple Regression. Based on the results of the study concluded that: 1) There is a significant correlation between organizational citizenship behavior (OCBC) with employee performance with a correlation coefficient (rx1y) of 0.736 with p = 0,000, and r2 = 0.542 with a contribution of 54.2%. 2) There is a significant correlation between work motivation and employee performance with a correlation coefficient (rx2y) of 0.632 with p = 0,000, and r2 = 0.400 with a contribution of 40.0%. 3) There is a significant correlation between organizational citizenship behavior and work motivation together with employee performance, this result is indicated by the linear coefficient value F = 76,386 and p = 0,000, p 0,05 and r2 = 0,612, with a contribution of 61 , 2%. These results indicate that there are still 39.2% contributions from other factors that can affect employee performance. From these results it can be said that the higher organizational citizenship behavior and work motivation, the higher the employee's performance, and conversely the lower the organizational citizenship behavior and work motivation, the lower the employee's performance.
Another Form of Blindness – a Symptom of an Artistic Viewpoint: Glossing the Work of Marcel Duchamp
Authors: von Graevenitz Antje
Published: September 2020

Not blindness itself, but blindness as a symptom for an inner seeing and as a counterforce against a one-sided fixation on beauty and taste were the reasons why Marcel Duchamp from 1916 onwards was occupied with the theme of blindness. Two volumes of The Blind Man were displayed in 1917 on the exhibition of the Society of Independent Artists in New York. The second volume contained comments about the fact that Duchamp’s contribution of a Fountain, his now so famous ready-made Urinoir, signed “R. Mutt”, was rejected by the apparently jury-less committee. This means that the theme of blindness was expressed twice: no one could see the work and so his theoretical opposition against beauty and taste could not be illustrated by the Urinoir either. How Duchamp from then on also challenged the other senses, so as to avoid focusing only on the eyes, will be dealt with in this article as well. Arguments from the biography, philosophy, mythology, and iconography will be used to underpin the article’s main thesis. In this sense the question may be asked whether Duchamp was inspired in this group of his works by humorous etymological and literary references. In the end it will become clear that the theme of blindness in his work and artistic theory is highly paradoxical.
The Changing Perception of the Five Senses
Authors: Benninga Sara
Published: September 2020

This article examines the changing approach towards the representation of the senses in 17th-century Flemish painting. These changes are related to the cultural politics and courtly culture of the Spanish sovereigns of the Southern Netherlands, the Archdukes Albert and Isabella. The 1617–18 painting-series of the Five Senses by Jan Brueghel the Elder and Peter Paul Rubens as well as the pendant paintings on the subject are analyzed in relation to the iconography of the five senses, and in regard to Flemish genre themes. In this context, the excess of objects, paintings, scientific instruments, animals, and plants in the Five Senses are read as an expansion of the iconography of the senses as well as a reference to the courtly material culture of the Archdukes. Framing the senses as part of a cultural web of artifacts, Brueghel and Rubens refer both to elite lived experience and traditional iconography. The article examines the continuity between the iconography of the senses from 1600 onwards, as developed by Georg Pencz, Frans Floris, and Maerten de Vos, and the representation of the senses in the series. In addition, the article shows how certain elements in the paintings are influenced by genre paintings of the courtly company and collector’s cabinet, by Frans Francken, Lucas van Valckenborch and Louis de Caullery. Through the synthesis of these two traditions the subject of the five senses is reinvented in a courtly context