bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are Households Affected by Intimate Partner Violence Less Likely to Enroll Children into Early Education in India: Findings from the Fifth National Family Health Survey, 2019 to 2021
Authors: Li Huilin , Dey Arnab Kumar , Singh Abhishek , McDougal Lotus , Hay Katherine , Raj Anita
Published: December 2024

Studies largely from high-income countries show that children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) face potential adverse health and developmental outcomes. Limited research has focused on whether IPV exposure affects children’s early education participation, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where early education is gaining traction. This study examines whether young children aged 3 to 5 years, living in households affected by IPV, are less likely to be enrolled in school using nationally representative data from India. The study involved secondary analysis of data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), a demographic and health survey conducted in India, which provided data on 19,822 children aged 3 to 5 years. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to explore the relationship between child exposure to IPV and early education enrollment. Our findings from the univariate regression model show that children from households where women reported experiencing IPV were less likely to enroll in early education (OR = 0.83, 95% CI [0.73, 0.94]), and these findings remained significant even after adjusting for child-level covariates (e.g., child sex and age, other young children in the household) (adjusted OR = 0.81 [0.71, 0.92]). However, after further adjusting for household-level demographic confounders, this significant association was lost. These findings demonstrate that IPV in the household may affect children’s participation in early education, but observed effects may be explained by greater socioeconomic vulnerability in households in which IPV is occurring. These findings suggest that programs supporting child entry into early education should not simply target socioeconomically vulnerable households, but they may also need to support women in children in these households who may be vulnerable to violence.
About Research - The Utility of Secondary Data Analysis in Breastfeeding Research: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Haile Zelalem T.
Published: December 2024

Secondary data analysis has emerged as an important approach for researchers seeking to explore new research questions using existing datasets. These datasets often comprise large and diverse, as well as longitudinal data, enabling comprehensive analyses that might be impractical through primary data collection alone. This paper discusses the importance of secondary data analysis in breastfeeding research, provides examples of publicly available and restricted datasets containing breastfeeding variables, outlines the methodological steps in conducting secondary data analysis, and discusses common limitations associated with this approach. By emphasizing both the utility and challenges of secondary data analysis, the paper aims to encourage informed use of secondary data analysis to advance knowledge and address important research questions in breastfeeding.
Dynamic response and fatigue damage of catenary mooring cables based on ANCF
Authors: Yan Jie , Fan Jihua , Huang Junjie , Fang Haifeng
Published: December 2024

Based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF), this paper develops a numerical model for computing the dynamics and fatigue damage of catenary mooring cables. The catenary mooring cable is modeled using ANCF elements, with hydrodynamic loads incorporated through the Morison equation and seabed reaction forces simulated by spring-based seabed resistance. After validating the ANCF mooring cable model through a comparison with Orcaflex, the effects of incident flow direction and various excitations on the dynamic characteristics and fatigue damage of the mooring cable are discussed. Subsequently, the validation results of the ANCF mooring cable model are compared with those from MoorDyn, further highlighting the model’s effectiveness and practicality in engineering applications. Subsequently, by varying the mooring line length, the dynamic characteristics under different length conditions are analyzed, and fatigue damage is evaluated. The study reveals the impact of incident flow direction and mooring line length on the dynamic characteristics and fatigue damage. It is found that shortening the mooring line significantly enhances the constraints on the SPAR platform and affects the fatigue damage of the mooring line. Effective mitigation of fatigue damage can be achieved by avoiding the most unfavorable incident flow direction or adjusting the length of the mooring line.
Variable impedance control based on the surgeon’s motion intention for robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Chao Gao , Bo Pan , Guojun Niu , Yue Ai , Yili Fu
Published: December 2024

The paper focuses on incorporating the surgeon’s motion intention into impedance control, which is one of the most commonly used control schemes in master manipulation, to reduce the user’s motion efforts. To achieve this, the non-autoregressive spatio-temporal transformer network is applied to predict the surgeon’s motion trajectory, which is described by the control points of B-spline. The study investigates the effects of input data length, data feature, and feedforward data on trajectory prediction. Furthermore, a Cartesian variable impedance control strategy without force sensor is implemented by adjusting the damping parameters according to the future external force. The experiment shows a promising result, where the interactive force under this control strategy is lower than the one with the current external force, and the precise operation still performs well.
Experimental study on spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of different cavitation stages based on the flow deviation method
Authors: Li Beibei , Wu Siyu , Liu Xiumei , Zhao Qiao , He Jie , Ma Xuemin , Zhang Yujia , Han Rui
Published: December 2024

Cavitation may quickly damage the surfaces of the valve core and valve seat, causing noise, and vibration problems. Different cavitation stages will affect the regulating valve's flow characteristics to different degrees. Flow rate is one of the basic parameters in a hydraulic system, which is innovatively used to evaluate the cavitation flow. By analyzing the deviation ratio K between actual and theoretical flow rate, cavitation flows are divided into four stages, and the dynamic behavior in different stages is discussed using a high-speed camera and image processing technology. When K is zero, it is defined as the no-cavitation stage. A slight increase in K is the incipient cavitation stage, whose K is within 2%. A rapid decrease in K is the critical cavitation stage, while a significant increase in K is the severe cavitation stage. In the incipient cavitation stage, bubbles are adhered to the valve orifice forming attached cavities. In the critical cavitation stage, attached cavities develop along the throat wall, with some bubbles detaching to form free cavities. This process is accompanied by high-frequency shedding and collapses, with a dominant frequency of 4266 Hz. In the severe cavitation stage, larger attached cavities are located at the throat, whose front edge of cavitation will fracture into large-scale cavitation clouds. Furthermore, this study proposed the cavitation intensity to elucidate the spatial distribution and density of cavitation flow, the cavitation change rate to highlight the disturbances and nonuniformities caused by cavitation bubbles, and the cavitation coefficient to evaluate the severity of cavitation. Additionally, there is a strong correlation between the growth rate of cavitation length L and the growth rate of flow rate Q in the regulating valve. Both the growth rate of L and Q increase in the critical cavitation stage and decrease in the severe cavitation stage.
The influence of Kitchon-RCAA on biomechanics of maxillary tissues based on indirect action: A finite element analysis
Authors: Jiang Jingang , Zhai Shuojian , Yao Liang , Zhang Yongde , Zhou Shan
Published: December 2024

This paper creates 3D models of Kitchon Root Controlled Auxiliary Archwire (Kitchon-RCAA) with different material properties and assembles them onto the main archwire equipped with brackets. By setting different loading methods and conducting Finite Element Analysis (FEA), the range of Orthodontic Torque/Support Force (OT/SF) values can be obtained. From the obtained values, it can be seen that changes in material properties have a significant impact on the mechanical properties of Kitchon-RCAA. When the properties of the Kitchon-RCAA material change two or more times, the mechanical values generated by Kitchon-RCAA cannot be directly added from two or more separate changes in the properties of the material. Therefore, it is necessary to simulate the model after each parameter change to obtain new results. And then the maxillary bio-model is reconstructed in reverse based on Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) images. The biomechanical data equivalent to the mechanical mechanics generated by the root control assisted archwire is also added to the corresponding tooth positions, making indirect orthodontic behavior of Kitchon-RCAA on teeth possible. From the obtained results, it can be seen that the von Mises stress and total deformation magnitude for both normal teeth and corresponding Periodontal Ligament (PDL) position show a stable trend, while the Right Cuspid (R-C) and corresponding PDL with malformed root have a large stress concentration and may have a mold penetration problem. Overall, this paper not only analyses the mechanical behavior of the Kitchon-RCAA, this article not only analyzed the mechanical behavior of Kitchon-RCAA, but also its effect on the indirect biomechanical behavior of the teeth and PDL. And in combination with simulation result nephograms, it also enables predictability and visualization of orthodontic results. This helps dentists to provide safer and more reliable individualized orthodontic treatment plans for patients.
Genetic characterization of diagnostic epitopes of cardiac troponin I in African rhinoceros
Authors: Rautenbach Yolandi , Parsons Sven D. C. , Loots Angelika K. , Goddard Amelia , Meyer Leith C. R. , Buss Peter E. , Hooijberg Emma H.
Published: December 2024

African rhinoceros undergo chemical immobilization and prolonged transport during translocations for conservation purposes and, hence, experience several pathophysiologic changes, including skeletal muscle injury. Potential concurrent myocardial injury has not been investigated due to a lack of validated immunoassays. We aimed to use inferred cardiac troponin I (cTnI) amino acid sequences of southern white ( Ceratotherium simum simum) and southern-central black ( Diceros bicornis minor) rhinoceros to assess the potential usefulness of several commercial cTnI immunoassays for detecting cTnI in African rhinoceros. We extracted RNA from the myocardium of deceased rhinoceros (2 white, 1 black rhinoceros) followed by primer design, cDNA synthesis via RT-PCR, and Sanger sequencing. The inferred cTnI amino acid sequences were obtained from the mRNA transcript sequences. The homology of epitope binding sites recognized by capture and detection antibodies in 6 human immunoassays was visually evaluated using aligned inferred rhinoceros cTnI amino acid sequences. Percentage identity between white and black rhinoceros cDNA nucleotide sequences was 99%; inferred amino acid sequences were identical. There were 5 amino acid differences between humans and rhinoceros in the epitope binding sites of immunoassay antibodies; 5 assays contained antibodies against epitopes that were not conserved. For one assay, the single capture antibody targeted a short heterologous epitope (residue 87–91), and cross-reactivity with rhinoceros cTnI was deemed unlikely. For the other 5 assays, complete antibody-epitope homology, or the inclusion of multiple detection or capture antibodies, or targeting of long epitopes, indicated that these assays could be suitable for further investigation of cTnI measurement in African rhinoceros.
Assessing chronic stress in cats: measuring hair cortisol using an ELISA
Authors: Lamon Tennille K. , Lidbury Jonathan , Guadiano Phillip , Colombo Eduardo , Budke Christine
Published: December 2024

Evaluating stress in shelter and institutionally owned cats is important to help guide improvements in their welfare. Welfare assessments often focus on behavior metrics and physiologic measurements, such as systemic cortisol levels. The gold standard for measuring acute stress is serum cortisol; measuring cortisol in feces and urine gives reliable time-integrated assessments of acute stress. Monitoring chronic stress requires using a matrix that accumulates cortisol over time, such as hair or nails. Hair was collected from 29 cats representing 2 populations: cats from a local shelter and cats owned by a university. Cortisol was extracted from the hair using a method established for extracting cortisol from bovine hair. We measured hair cortisol concentrations with a commercial ELISA that is marketed for human saliva. The mean cortisol concentration was 140 pg/mg for the shelter cats and 98 pg/mg for the university-owned cats. We found no significant difference in hair cortisol concentrations between the 2 groups ( p = 0.793). The intra- and inter-assay CVs for the ELISA were 9.3% and 8.4%, respectively. Observed:expected ratios for spiking recovery and dilutional parallelism were 87.7 ± 25.8% and 99.7 ± 37.5%, respectively. Measurement of cortisol in hair samples may provide a noninvasive method to monitor chronic stress and acclimation in cats that live in confinement for prolonged periods.
A Self-Regulatory Model of Entrepreneurs’ Variability in Decision-Making and Taking Charge Behavior
Authors: Bormann Kai C.
Published: December 2024

I introduce variability in decision-making (VDM) as a construct that covers the extent to which entrepreneurs switch between analytic and intuitive decision-making over time. Drawing from self-regulation theories, I developed a model that explains how VDM is negatively related to taking charge behavior (TCB) and is driven by entrepreneurs’ regulatory focus strategies. This model is tested using a dataset covering 438 daily observations from 53 entrepreneurs and matched data from non-entrepreneurs. The results show that VDM leads to decreased TCB via decreased self-efficacy and optimism. Prevention but not promotion focus predicted VDM. These associations emerged for entrepreneurs but not for non-entrepreneurs.
Impact of Social Vulnerability, Race, and Urbanicity on Surgical Timing for Patients With Craniosynostosis
Authors: Baker Katherine E. , Hecox Emily E. , McMinn Mary E. , Edwards Shelley R. , Lewis Jamie W. , Walker Savannah C. , Frederick Keeley B. , Humphries Laura S. , Hoppe Ian C.
Published: December 2024

Prior studies have linked the timing of craniosynostosis surgeries to several postoperative outcomes. However, less is known regarding the influence of sociodemographic factors on surgical timing for this population. This study investigates the influence of social vulnerability index (SVI), race, and urbanicity on the timing of craniosynostosis surgery.

Retrospective data from 2013 to 2023 were queried from Cosmos, a national deidentified database from Epic electronic health record. Patients were stratified into sociodemographic cohorts, and chi-square tests were used to compare the proportion of each cohort undergoing craniosynostosis surgeries before and after 6 months of age.

More than 3000 patients were identified for each predetermined metric for sociodemographic analysis (SVI n = 3369, race n = 3541, urbanicity n = 3375). The proportion of patients undergoing surgery at 5 months or less decreased and those undergoing any surgery at 6 months or more increased ( P < .0001) with increasing SVI. There was also a significant association of surgical timing and patient race ( P < .0001) but not urbanicity.

SVI and patient race are associated with the timing of craniosynostosis surgery. Specifically, higher social vulnerability and certain racial groups are correlated with delayed surgical intervention. This delay in presentation may result in the inability to take advantage of more minimally invasive options, such as strip craniectomy with or without cranial spring placement. These findings highlight the need for targeted, patient-specific, interventions to address disparities in access to timely craniosynostosis surgery.
The dark side of the fibroblastic sleeve: Case report and literature review
Authors: Fabiani Adam , Reginato Anna , Poletti Angela , Gombac Lara , Sanson Gianfranco
Published: December 2024

The fibroblastic sleeve is a structure potentially enveloping any intravascular device. At ultrasound scan, it typically presents as a thin layer of variably echogenic material covering the catheter surface, which usually tends to remain into the vessel after the catheter removal. However, several case reports have documented its migration toward the heart or pulmonary artery after a central venous catheter removal. No case of fibroblastic sleeve embolization has ever been documented after a peripheral catheter removal. Here we report the case of a 76-year-old woman with a 3 Fr/20 cm polyurethane midline catheter on which the development of a surrounding fibroblastic sleeve was documented during serial, routine ultrasound follow-up. A few minutes after the catheter removal, a 7 cm-echogenic floating mass attached to the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve—which was absent the days before—was noticed by a routinely-planned transthoracic cardiac ultrasonography. Due to the very close interval between the catheter removal and the appearance of the tricuspidal mass, together with the disappearance of the fibroblastic sleeve from the cannulated vein, the ultrasound finding was attributed to the acute embolization of the fibroblastic sleeve. No respiratory, cardiovascular, or septic complication was documented in the following weeks, during which the fibroblastic tricuspidal mass progressively reduced and completely disappeared after 45 days. Despite being an extremely frequent and totally expected occurrence associated to any intravascular device, fibroblastic sleeve may occasionally lead to potentially serious complications. An accurate ultrasound follow-up of catheters positioned either in central or in deep peripheral veins should be recommended to monitor the development and the evolution of a fibroblastic sleeve or thrombosis, both during the catheter dwelling time and after its removal.
Establishing stakeholder priorities for advancing the role of the intermediary in the justice system: Findings from a consensus study
Authors: Gallagher Aoife Lily , Cusack Alan , Kearns Áine , O’Mahony Brendan M. , Taggart John
Published: December 2024

At the forefront of efforts to enhance effective communication between vulnerable persons and stakeholders within the legal system has been the introduction of the intermediary. Embedding the role of the intermediary has presented complex challenges across jurisdictions. We report on phase one of a study involving a purposive sample ( n = 60) of diverse stakeholders across the Island of Ireland in which priorities for policy, research and practice were generated using a modified nominal group technique. We identified six priority areas: (i) formalising the role; (ii) building awareness and understanding; (iii) establishing mechanisms of professional development and support; (iv) undertaking service evaluation and research; (v) supporting cross-sectoral working; and (vi) ensuring equality of access to intermediaries. In the next phase of the study, priorities of individuals who have experience of using intermediary accommodations will be identified. Findings from both studies will be integrated to provide robust recommendations for policy makers to further advance the role of the intermediary in the justice system.
How do county-level ethno-racial composition and residential segregation influence pretrial decisions? Results from a multi-level, multi-decade study
Authors: Williams Joshua H , Vaughn Paige E , Vogel Matt
Published: December 2024

The American criminal legal system is characterized by deeply entrenched racial and ethnic disparities. Given that aggregate criminal legal system outcomes are a function of decisions made by police, prosecutors, judges, and other local actors, it is reasonable to expect that localized punishment decisions are contingent on the racial and ethnic dynamics within a community. However, there is a dearth of research examining the impact of community characteristics on pretrial case-processing outcomes. The current study explores the impact of county-level minority composition and segregation on pretrial decision-making. Drawing from a sample of 31,974 felony defendants across 64 large urban counties, we examine the relationships between community racial and ethnic composition and segregation on release on recognizance, bail denial, and bail amount decisions. Our findings reveal that minority composition and segregation directly influence court case processing, and they operate in contrasting ways across different decision points. The findings underscore the importance of community characteristics above and beyond individual-level factors in determining pretrial decisions.
Assessment of microstructure development, defect formation, innovations, and challenges in wire arc based metal additive manufacturing
Authors: Kishor Gaurav , Mugada Krishna Kishore , Mahto Raju Prasad , Okulov Artem
Published: December 2024

The demand for additive manufacturing of large-size metallic components at optimum cost with high deposition rates (ranging from 1 to 10 kg/hr.) has driven substantial progress in understanding the wire arc additive manufactured (WAAM) products in terms of metallurgical and mechanical properties of the produced parts. WAAM technology has progressed and expanded to include various materials and applications. The aerospace and automotive industries use the WAAM technique to manufacture complex product structures. This article comprehensively analyzes recent research on the WAAM process and the metallic materials used. It offers an in-depth overview of the microstructural and material properties of WAAM-deposited parts, highlighting common defects found in WAAM components across various alloys, including porosity, deformation, and solidification cracking. The paper concludes that while WAAM holds great potential, its widespread application still faces numerous challenges that must be addressed in tailored ways for different materials to achieve a functional system within a reasonable time frame. Additionally, it explores methods to enhance the quality of WAAMed components by considering the specific requirements of various alloys. The study also explores innovative methodologies like simulation, modeling, and the incorporation of artificial intelligence to optimize the overall performance of WAAM. Furthermore, it provides an in-depth analysis of various techniques aimed at enhancing the quality of WAAM components, including near-immersion active cooling, interpass cooling, hot forging, and interpass rolling.
“More Than Just Playing a Character”: Gender Exploration and Expression in Avatar Customization
Authors: Han Yisong , Ho Xavier
Published: December 2024

Avatar customization in games is seen as a crucial avenue for players to express and explore gender. While gender options in avatar customization systems are frequently binary, players could still achieve diverse gender expressions. This study investigates how players express and explore gender through avatar customization systems in videogames. Through semistructured interviews with 20 players from different countries who self-reported diverse genders, we identified three major themes: (i) conforming to and/or subverting gender norms; (ii) symbolizing self-identity; and (iii) exploring and experimenting with gender. These themes reveal how players utilize customization options to express gender beyond binary constraints. This research provides critical insights for game designers to support diverse gender expressions. The findings suggest that avatar customization systems are dynamic spaces for ongoing gender identity exploration.
Cancellous Grafting Versus Corticocancellous Graft With Volar Locked Plating for Scaphoid Waist Fracture Nonunion: An Evaluation of Early Bony Bridging
Authors: Stoltz Michael J. , Gainer James , Nyland John A. , Fehrenbacher Victor L. , Gupta Amit , Robinson Luke P.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Achieving bony union in scaphoid nonunion fractures is challenging. Various bone grafts have been studied using headless compression screws (HCS) fixation. However, the impact of bone graft choice on bone healing with volar locking plates (VLP) use is less clear. This study evaluates osseous bridging using packed cancellous grafting versus corticocancellous grafting when used during scaphoid waist nonunion repair with volar plating.

Methods:

A retrospective case series was performed of 22 consecutive patients with a scaphoid waist fracture nonunions that were treated with VLP fixation and bone autografts. Inclusion criteria required ≥90-day follow-up clinical examination and postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan. Graft types included corticocancellous or packed cancellous autograft harvested from the radius or iliac crest. Amount of bone healing and presence of residual dorsal intercalated segmental instability were determined by 3 fellowship-trained hand surgeons.

Results:

Twenty-two patients with scaphoid fracture nonunions that met study inclusion criteria were evaluated. Postoperative CT scan showed osseous bridging in 95% (21/22) of patients. Despite less time between surgery and the final follow-up CT scan (102.7 ± 59 days for packed cancellous autografts vs 133.6 ± 73 days for corticocancellous autografts), the packed cancellous autograft group displayed higher osseous bridging percentages compared with the corticocancellous graft (80.7% ± 17% vs 47.8% ± 35%, P = .013).

Conclusion:

Nearly all patients displayed osseous bridging on postoperative CT scan with VLP and autograft use. However, study findings suggest that packed cancellous autograft use displayed more robust early healing.
Unpredictable trajectories on quadcopters by infusing hyperchaotic generated velocities on its 3 axes of movement
Authors: Cetina-Denis Juan , Arellano-Delgado Adrian , Lopéz-Gutiérrez Rosa Martha , Cruz-Hernández Cesar
Published: December 2024

This article aims to adapt the chaotic trajectory generation algorithm, as originally presented by Cetina-Denis et al. in 2022 for quadcopters. This adaptation opens possibilities for various applications, including search and rescue operations and the handling of hazardous objects, within a three-dimensional exploration space. To accomplish this, hyperchaotic behavior is introduced into the linear displacement velocities along the three axes of motion by using the four-dimensional hyperchaotic Méndez–Arellano–Cruz–Martínez system. The article also delves into the potential applications of these aerial robots in patrolling designated spaces. It presents and analyzes both numerical and experimental findings, along with quantitative tests to assess the level of hyperchaos inherent in the generated trajectories. Furthermore, the article examines the scenario where two quadcopters simultaneously patrol the same workspace, exploring both numerical simulations and experimental outcomes.
Educational currency: The divisiveness of school choice policies in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Chami Lindsay Julie
Published: December 2024

School choice policies continue to expand across the globe. Advocates insist that the opportunity to decide where one’s children will learn is more equitable and socially responsive. However, these sentiments are widely disputed. In this study I emphasize that school choice is another venue where families experience uneven amounts of privilege. While there is extensive literature documenting that unequal advantage exists in school markets, little is known about what this advantage looks like, how it is attained, and how it is used in Ontario, Canada. This research unveils the intricacy of educational currency by studying teacher-parents, a subgroup of the population who possess it. Educators in Ontario share how their unique combinations of cultural, social, and economic capital allow them to collect and spend educational currency (EC) as they choose schools for their own children. The data not only reaffirms that certain populations possess unique amounts of EC and defines what EC is; it provides insight into how school choice leads to a more racially, ethnically, and economically segregated system.
Reliability assessment for bolt joint system with multiple dependent competing failure processes
Authors: Yang Zaiyou , Lyu Hao , Zhao Yaping , Qiao Xuehang
Published: December 2024

In this paper, a novel reliability model for bolt joint systems is proposed, which incorporates multiple dependent competing failure processes (DCFP). The multiple DCFP model is constructed by the DCFP of individual bolts and the bolt joint system. The DCFP model of a component is developed by hard failure due to fatal shocks and soft failure resulting from degradation. The component failure process is stochastic dependent, as the stochastic shock process affects both the hard and the soft failure processes. Additionally, a system failure model is established by arranging N components in a circle, which is location-dependent. The failed components lead to either a K/N failure model or a k/r/N failure model for the bolt joint system. In the K/N (F) system model, failure occurs when the number of failed components (NOFC) reaches K. For the k/r/N system model, failure occurs when the NOFC reaches k within any consecutive r set out of N. A closed-form formula is derived from the system reliability model, which is applicable when there are fewer than two separate k/r/N patterns. The practicality of the proposed model is demonstrated through a case study involving a bolt joint system.
Therapeutic modalities of deferiprone in Parkinson's disease: SKY and EMBARK studies
Authors: Devos David , Rascol Olivier , Meissner Wassilios G , Foubert-Samier Alexandra , Lewis Simon , Tranchant Christine , Anheim Mathieu , Maltête David , Remy Philippe , Eggert Karla , Pape Heidi , Geny Christian , Couratier Philippe , Carroll Camille , Sheridan Ray , Burn David , Pavese Nicola , Raw Jason , Berg Daniela , Suchowersky Oksana , Kalia Lorraine V , Evans Andrew , Drapier Sophie , Danaila Teodor , Schnitzler Alfons , Corvol Jean-Christophe , Defer Gilles , Temin Noemi Toiber , Fradette Caroline , Tricta Fernando , Moreau Caroline ,   on behalf of a Parkinson's disease study group
Published: December 2024

Background

Reducing nigrostriatal iron overload reduces neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease (PD) models.

Objective

Examine the safety and efficacy of deferiprone in reducing motor disability progression in dopaminergic-treated and treatment-naïve patients with early-stage PD.

Methods

Two phase II, multicenter studies, SKY and EMBARK, enrolled patients diagnosed with early PD (<3 years from screening). In SKY, patients on stable dopaminergic therapy were randomized 1:1 to one of four dosage (or placebo-matching) cohorts (300, 600, 900, 1200 mg twice daily [BID]) for 9 months. EMBARK enrolled patients on stable dopaminergic therapy or treatment-naïve patients and received 15 mg/kg BID. For both studies, the primary outcome was the change from baseline to month 9 in motor examination score (Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale [MDS-UPDRS] Part III). ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02728843; ANZCTR: ACTRN12617001578392.

Results

Overall, 140 patients were randomized in SKY (28 per cohort). Thirty-six patients enrolled in EMBARK (27 dopaminergic-treated; 9 treatment-naïve). In the SKY study, all doses showed the same worsening as the placebo group, with the exception of the 600 mg dose, which was associated with non-significant reductions in MDS-UPDRS Part III least-squares mean (LSM) between baseline and 9 months (−2–8 points versus placebo). In EMBARK, LSM (SE) changes from baseline in MDS-UPDRS Part III were nonsignificant (–1.6 [1.7]) and significant (8.3 [3.9]) for dopaminergic-treated and treatment-naïve patients, respectively, the latter indicating disease worsening. Adverse events possibly related to deferiprone were reported in 35.7%–88.9% across all deferiprone groups vs. 42.9% for placebo.

Conclusions

SKY and EMBARK studies indicate that deferiprone combined with L-dopa does not provide significant motor function benefit, while the absence of L-dopa treatment worsens symptoms.
Metabolic connectivity of freezing in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Tard Céline , Delval Arnaud , Defebvre Luc , Lenfant Pierre , Devos David , Moreau Caroline , Betrouni Nacim
Published: December 2024

Background

Freezing of gait (FoG) is among the most disabling gait disorders of Parkinson's disease. The full understanding of its mechanisms requires a network study approach. So far, FoG was mainly studied using magnetic resonance imaging, and especially using the resting state functional sequence, which does not completely reflect the brain actual modifications.

Objective

This study aims to investigate metabolic networks using position emission tomography (PET) imaging. Exploration after a rest or gait session combined with a delayed tracer's uptake are assumed to reflect the actual metabolism modifications.

Methods

Twenty-six patients in the off-drug state underwent two PET imaging sessions using [18F]- fluorodeoxyglucose, the first after 30 min of rest (rest condition) and the second after 30 min of real gait (gait condition). Twelve patients presented real FoG during cerebral glucose uptake. Brain connectivity matrices were measured for each group and condition, and then compared.

Results

In the rest condition, the freezing group showed globally reduced metabolic connectivity between brain regions compared to the non-freezing group. During gait, enhanced connectivity was observed in the cerebellum, cerebello-cortical loops and parieto-frontal regions, with high recruitment of the visual cortex in the freezing group. However, connectivity inside cerebellar networks remained lower in the freezing group than in the non-freezing group, while occipito-frontal connectivity was higher in the freezing group.

Conclusions

Studying real freezing of gait in a vertical position emphasized the role of the visual cortex and cerebellum in gait problems.
Methodology for Safe and Secure AI in Diabetes Management
Authors: Geukes Foppen Remco Jan , Gioia Vincenzo , Gupta Shreya , Johnson Curtis L. , Giantsidis John , Papademetris Maria
Published: December 2024

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in diabetes management is emerging as a promising solution to improve the monitoring and personalization of therapies. However, the integration of such technologies in the clinical setting poses significant challenges related to safety, security, and compliance with sensitive patient data, as well as the potential direct consequences on patient health. This article provides guidance for developers and researchers on identifying and addressing these safety, security, and compliance challenges in AI systems for diabetes management. We emphasize the role of explainable AI (xAI) systems as the foundational strategy for ensuring security and compliance, fostering user trust, and informed clinical decision-making which is paramount in diabetes care solutions. The article examines both the technical and regulatory dimensions essential for developing explainable applications in this field. Technically, we demonstrate how understanding the lifecycle phases of AI systems aids in constructing xAI frameworks while addressing security concerns and implementing risk mitigation strategies at each stage. In addition, from a regulatory perspective, we analyze key Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC) standards established by entities, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), providing specific guidelines to ensure safety, efficacy, and ethical integrity in AI-enabled diabetes care applications. By addressing these interconnected aspects, this article aims to deliver actionable insights and methodologies for developing trustworthy AI-enabled diabetes care solutions while ensuring safety, efficacy, and compliance with ethical standards to enhance patient engagement and improve clinical outcomes.
Anti-Hemorrhoidal Action of Aqueous Pithecellobium Dulce (Fabaceae) Seed Extract Through Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Vasoconstriction Pathways
Authors: Takvou Francis , Amang André Perfusion , à Kiki Atsang Gisèle , Mezui Christophe , Vandi Vandza Luc , Tchokomeni Siwe Gaël , Baponwa Odile , Tan Paul Vernyuy
Published: December 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of action of Pithecellobium dulce aqueous extract on Jatropha oil-induced hemorrhoidal disease in rats.

Methods

36 Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 6 animals, including 3 controls (normal, negative and positive) and 3 tests groups. Hemorrhoidal disease was induced with Jatropha oil (100 μL) for 5 days in all animals except the normal control group. Recto-anal coefficient, hemorrhoidal permeability, hematological parameters, oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated.

Results

Quantitative phytochemistry and in-vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-radical activity of the extract were determined. Extract of P. dulce at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly (p ˂ 0.01) reduced recto-anal coefficient, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), TNF-α, IL-6, nitric oxide (NO) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, accompanied by a significant (p < 0.001) increase of IL-5 and IL-10. Extract of P. dulce at different doses significantly reduced leukocyte and platelet counts and increased erythrocyte and hematocrit levels. Extract of P. dulce also significantly (p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) activities and significantly (p < 0.001) decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Extract of P. dulce was able to trap DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radicals (64.9%) and ABTS (2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiaoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals (69.1%), as well as a high iron reducing power (FRAP) of 56.2% and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the ABTS radical was 150 μg/mL compared to the butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) control (130μg/mL). In addition, extract of P. dulce showed high concentrations of polyphenols, flavonoids and saponins.

Conclusion

extract of P. dulce possesses anti-hemorrhoidal properties via mechanisms involving vasoconstriction, alongside enhancement of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant status.
The Therapeutic Role of Gastrodin in Combating Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress Induced by Bisphenol-A
Authors: Orji Obasi U. , Awoke Nonso J. , Uti Daniel E. , Obasi Otuomasirichi D. , Aja Patrick M. , Nwamaka Ezeaani N. , Umoru Grace Ufedo , Ogbu Patience N. , Udoudoh Mfon Paulinus , Alum Esther U. , Ogbu Celestine O. , Oodo Simon I. , Ibiam Udu A.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Insulin resistance is a key feature of, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and it has been linked to an environmental pollutant bisphenol-A (BPA). Gastrodin, a derivative of Chinese medicinal herb, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can potentially ameliorate BPA-induced insulin resistance in albino rats.

Method

The study involved five groups of six rats each, including normal control, BPA-treated, metformin-treated, and gastrodin plus BPA-treated groups Insulin sensitivity index, homeostasis model assessment- index of insulin resistance (HOMA IR), and fasting insulin levels were assessed. Using ELISA, the study measured protein levels, including High-Sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hs-CRP,) Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), caspase-3, and Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), and analyzed factors like thiobarbituric acid reactive substances-malondialdehyde (TBARS-MDA), reduced glutathione, and catalase activity.

Results

BPA administration causes insulin resistance in albino rats, reducing insulin sensitivity. Gastrodin treatment attenuates resistance, improves glucose levels, and increased insulin sensitivity. Gastrodin also mitigates oxidative stress.by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and restoring antioxidant enzyme activities, while TBARS-MDA was reduced. Studied inflammatory indicators included; C-reactive protein, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and Interleukin 6. Notably, the administration of bisphenol-A caused a 2–3 fold increase in the serum levels of hs-CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6. All treatments by gastrodin (high and low doses) decreased these observed effects by bisphenol-A to values similar to the standard (metformin) and normal control rats. Gastrodin exerted its protective benefits via activating the AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway, increasing AMPK phosphorylation and Nrf2 nuclear translocation, resulting in improved cellular defense against oxidative stress. Indicators of possible inflammations on bisphenol-A treatment were also investigated.

Conclusion

This shows that gastrodin might be a promising therapeutic drug for the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance-related problems.
Prosthetic considerations and strategies for single tooth implants in the aesthetic zone: a review
Authors: Schoenbaum Todd R. , Londono J. , Hammond B. , Esquivel J.
Published: December 2024

Abutment contours, position, tissue thickness, and volume are all key parameters for the successful restoration of implants in the aesthetic zone. This is particularly true for patients with high smile lines and high aesthetic expectations. This narrative review will provide a synopsis of the known science of implant abutments and peri-implant tissues in this area and cover specialised techniques, materials, and protocols to improve outcomes with increased predictability. Special attention will be given to the use of provisionals and custom healing abutments for the preservation and shaping of the peri-implant tissues.
Broken loops, open futures: The building and breaking of behavioural insurance
Authors: Tanninen Maiju
Published: December 2024

Digital looping effects between algorithmic technologies and users are promoted as reshaping various industries by optimizing operations, improving predictions and creating new market opportunities. Insurers are exploring these promises by collecting customer-generated data and testing its use in risk calculations and behavioural interventions. However, these novel insurance technologies have been criticized for enabling totalizing forms of surveillance, control and discrimination, potentially leading to the foreclosure of future actions. This study tests the argument that emerging insurance technologies ‘narrow the future’ by analysing Finnish life insurers’ efforts to build a digital feedback loop into their behavioural policies. It centralizes breakages in these new data practices as the locus of analysis, showing how the feedback loop dissolves at various points or is never established due to shortcomings in the new technologies, regulatory barriers and aspects inherent to insurance logic itself, thereby undermining the policies’ aims; yet, the insurers’ experimentations cannot be simply framed as failures because they produce knowledge that can inform future practices. The present study illustrates the importance of examining how versions of dominant technological visions are reworked in local, field-specific practices. It shows that instead of producing ‘guaranteed outcomes’, these novel insurance operations raise new questions and uncertainties that can have harmful effects beyond the totalizing scenarios. Focusing on breakages challenges techno-deterministic perspectives, keeping the future open while enabling a more precise critique of the harms associated with these visions and their often-imperfect implementation.
Efficacy of a web-based psychoeducational intervention targeting young adults with sexual problems 1.5 years after cancer diagnosis—Results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bergström Charlotta , Skog Rebecca , Eriksson Lars E , Lampic Claudia , Wettergren Lena
Published: December 2024

Objective

To test the efficacy of a web-based psychoeducational intervention, Fex-Can Sex, in reducing sexual dysfunction in young adults with cancer.

Methods

This randomized controlled trial evaluated a 12-week web-based self-help intervention. Young adults aged 19–40 who reported sexual dysfunction 1.5 years after cancer diagnosis were drawn from a population-based cohort. Participants were randomized to an intervention group (IG, n = 72) or a control group (CG, n = 66) that solely received standard care. Primary outcome was assessed by a domain of the Patient Reported Outcome Measures Information Systems® SexFS: “Satisfaction with sex life.” Secondary outcomes included additional SexFS domains, body image (BIS), emotional distress (HADS), health-related quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30), and self-efficacy related to sex. Surveys were completed at baseline, post-intervention, and three months later. Effects of the intervention were tested with t-tests, and linear mixed models (LMMs), including intention-to-treat and subgroup analyses. Additionally, the IG was asked about their experiences of the program with study-specific questions.

Results

There were no differences in primary or secondary outcomes between the IG and the CG at post-intervention. Subgroup analyses showed that individuals with greater sexual problems at baseline improved over time, regardless of group allocation. Participants spent a mean time of 20.7 min on the program. The study-specific items showed that the majority of participants in the IG appreciated the program and would recommend it to others.

Conclusion

The Fex-Can Sex intervention did not show effect on primary and secondary outcomes. Adherence to the intervention was low, and future interventions are recommended to include more interactive components to enhance usage.

Clinical trial registration

The trial was registered on 25 January, 2016 (trial number: 36621459).