bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inaccuracies and biases of the Gaussian size deconvolution for extracted sources and filaments
Authors: Men’shchikov A.
Published: June 2023

A simple Gaussian size deconvolution method is routinely used to remove the blur of observed images caused by insufficient angular resolutions of existing telescopes, thereby to estimate the physical sizes of extracted sources and filaments. To ensure that the physical conclusions derived from observations are correct, it is necessary to know the inaccuracies and biases of the size deconvolution method, which is expected to work when the structures, as well as the telescope beams, have Gaussian shapes. This study employed model images of the spherical and cylindrical objects with Gaussian and power-law shapes, representing the dense cores and filaments observed in star-forming regions. The images were convolved to a wide range of angular resolutions to probe various degrees of resolvedness of the model objects. Simplified shapes of the flat, convex, and concave backgrounds were added to the model images, then planar backgrounds across the footprints of the structures are subtracted and sizes of the sources and filaments were measured and deconvolved. When background subtraction happens to be inaccurate, the observed structures acquire profoundly non-Gaussian profiles. The deconvolved half maximum sizes can be strongly under- or overestimated, by factors of up to ~20 when the structures are unresolved or partially resolved. For resolved structures, the errors are generally within a factor of ~2; although, the deconvolved sizes can be overestimated by factors of up to ~6 for some power-law models. The results show that Gaussian size deconvolution cannot be applied to unresolved structures, whereas it can only be applied to the Gaussian-like structures, including the critical Bonnor-Ebert spheres, when they are at least partially resolved. The deconvolution method must be considered inapplicable for the power-law sources and filaments with shallow profiles. This work also reveals subtle properties of convolution for structures of different geometry. When convolved with different kernels, spherical objects and cylindrical filaments with identical profiles obtain different widths and shapes. In principle, a physical filament, imaged by the telescope with a non-Gaussian point-spread function, could appear substantially shallower than the structure is in reality, even when it is resolved.
Comprehensive Analysis of Hemophilia A (CAHEA): Towards Full Characterization of the F8 Gene Variants by Long-Read Sequencing
Authors: Liu Yingdi , Li Dongzhi , Yu Dongyi , Liang Qiaowei , Chen Guilan , Li Fucheng , Gao Lu , Li Zhuo , Xie Tiantian , Wu Le , Mao Aiping , Wu Lingqian , Liang Desheng
Published: June 2023

Background Hemophilia A (HA) is the most frequently occurring X-linked bleeding disorder caused by heterogeneous variants in the F8 gene, one of the largest genes known. Conventional molecular analysis of F8 requires a combination of assays, usually including long-range polymerase chain reaction (LR-PCR) or inverse-PCR for inversions, Sanger sequencing or next-generation sequencing for single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and indels, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification for large deletions or duplications.

Materials and Methods This study aimed to develop a LR-PCR and long-read sequencing-based assay termed comprehensive analysis of hemophilia A (CAHEA) for full characterization of F8 variants. The performance of CAHEA was evaluated in 272 samples from 131 HA pedigrees with a wide spectrum of F8 variants by comparing to conventional molecular assays.

Results CAHEA identified F8 variants in all the 131 pedigrees, including 35 intron 22-related gene rearrangements, 3 intron 1 inversion (Inv1), 85 SNVs and indels, 1 large insertion, and 7 large deletions. The accuracy of CAHEA was also confirmed in another set of 14 HA pedigrees. Compared with the conventional methods combined altogether, CAHEA assay demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity for identifying various types of F8 variants and had the advantages of directly determining the break regions/points of large inversions, insertions, and deletions, which enabled analyzing the mechanisms of recombination at the junction sites and pathogenicity of the variants.

Conclusion CAHEA represents a comprehensive assay toward full characterization of F8 variants including intron 22 and intron 1 inversions, SNVs/indels, and large insertions and deletions, greatly improving the genetic screening and diagnosis for HA.
Synthesis of (2-Aminopyrimidin-4-yl)(pyridin-4-yl)methanone and Derivatives
Authors: Giraud Francis , Anizon Fabrice , Moreau Pascale , Josselin Béatrice , Ruchaud Sandrine
Published: June 2023

Pyrido[3,4-g]quinazoline was previously identified as a relevant scaffold for protein kinase inhibition. In order to assess if the planarity of this heterocyclic system was essential to the protein kinase inhibitory potency observed in this series, new compounds were synthesized and evaluated, in which the central cycle was opened to provide (pyridin-4-yl)(pyrimidin-4-yl)methane derivatives, which were prepared from the corresponding ketone precursor. After preparing (2-aminopyrimidin-4-yl)(pyridin-4-yl)methanone, derivatives were synthesized and evaluated toward a panel of protein kinases. The results demonstrated that the planar pyrido[3,4-g]quinazoline tricyclic system was mandatory to maintain the protein kinase inhibitory potency in this series.
Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling of Aryl Nosylates with Diethanolamine Boronates
Authors: Kohler Philipp , Perrin Timothé , Schäfer Gabriel
Published: June 2023

Diethanolamine boronates (DABO boronates) have gained popularity as substrates for Suzuki–Miyaura couplings due to their ease of handling as crystalline, bench-stable solids. Similarly, 4-nitrobenzenesulfonate esters (nosylates), derived from the parent phenols, also possess the advantage of being highly crystalline and stable. Herein, we describe the development of suitable reaction conditions for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of DABO boronates with aryl and heteroaryl nosylates.
Catalyst-Free, Multicomponent Reaction of Iodonium Ylides, Nitrosoarenes, and Olefins for the Synthesis of Isoxazolidine Derivatives
Authors: Li Lei , Xuan Jun , Zhao Yan-Rui
Published: June 2023

A general and efficient three-component protocol for the synthesis of isoxazolidines has been developed. A range of nitrosoarenes, olefins, as well as iodonium ylides can be subjected to this reaction to generate the N-aryl isoxazolidines derivatives with moderate to excellent yields. In addition, we demonstrate that this approach employs the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrones generated in situ from iodonium ylides and nitroso compounds, with olefins in the absence of any catalysts and additives.
Artroscopia y Tenoscopia en el Tratamiento de la Tenosinovitis del Sexto Compartimento: Descripción Técnica y Serie de Pacientes
Authors: de Oliveira Ricardo Kaempf , Brunelli João Pedro Farina , Aita Márcio , Delgado Pedro J. , Torres Elisa De Torres-De , Corella Fernando
Published: June 2023

Denominamos tenoscopia al procedimiento en el que se realiza un abordaje endoscópico de las vainas tendinosas. Ya se ha descrito para el tratamiento de trastornos de tobillo, codo, hombro, muñeca y mano. Hemos tratado con tenoscopia una serie de ocho muñecas en seis pacientes con procesos inflamatorios crónicos del sexto compartimento extensor de la muñeca sin mejoría con tratamiento conservador inicial. El procedimiento comienza con una artroscopia de los espacios radiocarpiano y mediocarpiano para descartar otras causas intraarticulares de dolor en el lado cubital de la muñeca. Luego, a través del portal 6R, se reseca la cápsula y la porción profunda de la vaina del extensor carpi ulnaris, accediendo a la cara interna del sexto compartimiento. Con la vista completa del sexto compartimento interno, se crea un portal específico para el extensor carpi ulnaris ubicado dos centímetros proximal a la articulación. Luego se realiza una sinovectomía amplia del compartimiento con rasuradora, tanto proximal como distal a la articulación. La rama sensible dorsal del nervio cubital permanece segura durante todo el procedimiento. Hemos realizado tenoscopia del sexto compartimento extensor en ocho muñecas de seis pacientes en los que había fracasado el tratamiento conservador y hemos obtenido una gran mejoría de los síntomas con el procedimiento, sin complicaciones graves ni recidiva de la lesión. La tenoscopia del extensor carpi ulnaris permite la sinovectomía del sexto compartimento extensor, conservando el retináculo extensor. Con un enfoque mínimamente invasivo, este procedimiento causa menos daño local a los tejidos blandos, con menos formación de tejido cicatricial en comparación con los procedimientos abiertos clásicos. Al utilizar una visión clara del compartimento a través de la tenoscopia, se reduce el riesgo de adherencias y lesiones en los tendones extensores cubitales.
Distributed micro-energy harvesting for next generation of IoT in various scenarios
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Haonan , Wang Mingyong , Zhang Xiao-Sheng
Published: June 2023

Recently, internet of things (IoT) attracts increasing attention and it tends to be applied in every aspect of life, due to the development of computer technology, sensor technology and micro/nano technology. Although IoT plays an important role in modern society to achieve smart life, it has to overcome the restriction of non-durable power source and to construct wireless sensor networks. Micro-energy harvesting technology from the environment is a powerful and promising approach to solve the energy supporting problem for wider applications of IoT. This article gives an overview of the recent developments of self-sustained IoT from the perspectives of energy harvesting technology and related technologies. The various energy harvesting techniques and the applications of IoT in different scenario are collected and presented. The energy schemes to prolong and optimize the energy in the WSN for IoT are discussed. Furthermore, perspectives and outlooks of self-powered IoT based on the micro-energy harvesting technology are presented.
Characterization of thin film Parylene C device curvature and the formation of helices via thermoforming
Authors: Thielen Brianna , Meng Ellis
Published: June 2023

In microfabricated biomedical devices, flexible, polymer substrates are becoming increasingly preferred over rigid, silicon substrates because of their ability to conform to biological tissue. Such devices, however, are fabricated in a planar configuration, which results in planar devices that do not closely match the shape of most tissues. Thermoforming, a process which can reshape thermoplastic polymers, can be used to transform flat, thin film, polymer devices with patterned metal features into complex three-dimensional (3D) geometries. This process extends the use of planar microfabrication to achieve 3D shapes which can more closely interface with the body. Common shapes include spheres, which can conform to the shape of the retina; cones, which can be used as a sheath to interface with an insertion stylet; and helices, which can be wrapped around nerves, blood vessels, muscle fibers, or be used as strain relief feature. This work characterizes the curvature of thin film Parylene C devices with patterned metal features built with varying Parylene thicknesses and processing conditions. Device curvature is caused by film stress in each Parylene and metal layer, which is characterized experimentally and by a mathematical model which estimates the effects of device geometry and processing on curvature. Using this characterization, an optimized process to thermoform thin film Parylene C devices with patterned metal features into 0.25 mm diameter helices while preventing cracking in the polymer and metal was developed.
Blue- and red-shifts of the harmonics generated in laser-induced plasmas
Authors: Ganeev Rashid A
Published: June 2023

We demonstrate double-peak spectral splitting in high-order harmonics generated in graphite plasma, which is mainly attributed to the propagation effects of high harmonics in the ionizing medium. The splitting of high harmonics can also be interpreted as a result of the double-peak structure in the spectral profile of the propagated driving pulse. The shift and intensity of these peaks, compared with unshifted harmonics, depend on different parameters of the experiment like plasma density, the position of the focal plane, and laser intensity.
Full-life-cycle eco-friendly polymeric insulating materials: research progress and future prospects
Authors: Li Wendong , Zhang Yucheng , Zhao Xin , Liu Ruixuan , Liu Hechen , Huang Zhengyong , Zhang Guanjun
Published: June 2023

Polymeric insulating materials is the basis of electric power system and has been widely employed in various electric power system apparatus. With the emergence of net-zero carbon emission policies by 2050–2060, the eco-friendly polymeric insulation is urgent and promising in the R&D of advanced dielectric materials. This paper reviews the current progress of eco-friendly upgrade in each lifecycle stages of polymeric insulating materials, i.e. raw material, fabricating, operating, and retiring. A series of interesting and fundamental results have been summarized. Drawbacks of the current researches are discussed, and outlooks are provided for the future development of eco-friendly polymeric insulating materials. This paper is hoped to inspire some novel ideas for the development of advanced insulating materials suitable for the promotion of net-zero carbon emission technologies.
Surface magnon-polaritons at a dielectric/graphene/gyromagnetic interface in a perpendicular applied magnetic field
Authors: Dantas L Q , Vasconcelos M S , Anselmo D H A L , Cottam M G
Published: June 2023

We present a theoretical study of the surface magnon-polaritons at an interface formed by vacuum and a gyromagnetic medium (that can be either ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic), when there is a graphene layer deposited between the media at the interface and a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the interface. The retarded-mode dispersion relations are calculated by considering a superposition of transverse magnetic and transversal electric electromagnetic waves in both media. Our results reveal the appearance of the surface magnon-polariton modes (with frequencies typically of a few GHz) that do not exist in the absence of graphene at the interface. Also, a typical magnon-polariton dispersion relation with damping is revealed, including a resonant frequency that depends on the applied magnetic field. The effects of varying the doping levels, which modify the Fermi energies in the graphene, and varying the perpendicular applied magnetic field are presented, revealing a strong influence exerted by the presence of graphene on the surface magnon-polariton modes. Other effects include the control of the slope of the dispersion curves (with respect to the in-plane wave vector) for the modes as the Fermi energies of the graphene sheet are changed and the distinctive localization properties for the emerging surface modes.
Double-enhanced LIBS system with N2 atmosphere and cylindrical cavity confinement for quantitative analysis of Sr element in soil
Authors: Li Honglian , Wang Chun , Wang Yitong , Fu Shijie , Fang Lide
Published: June 2023

To effectively improve the quality of laser-induced plasma spectra and the detection accuracy of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) simultaneously for Sr element in soil, the dual mechanism of N2 atmosphere combined with cylindrical cavity confinement for laser-induced Sr plasma emission enhancement was proposed and investigated in this paper, and a multi-spectral fusion internal standard analysis model was established. Optimum enhancement effect can be achieved under the conditions of 2 mm diameter and 6 mm height of the confinement cavity in N2 atmosphere, where the enhancement factor was about 3.25, the signal-to-noise ratio reached 710.28, and the LIBS spectrum quality was the best; the relative standard deviation value (2.64%) was the smallest, and the LIBS signal reproducibility was the best. For the samples in this study, the limit of detection of the sample Sr elements under the dual enhancement mechanism was 34.60 mg kg−1, which was 40.43% lower than the limit of detection (LOD) without enhancement mechanism (58.08 mg kg−1), and the R
2 of the multispectral fusion internal standard model was 1.23% higher and the relative error was 3.41% lower than that of the internal standard method. The results showed that the dual enhancement mechanism combining N2 atmosphere and cylindrical cavity confinement improved the spectral quality, signal reproducibility, and detection sensitivity.
Effect of triangularity on plasma turbulence and the SOL-width scaling in L-mode diverted tokamak configurations
Authors: Lim K , Giacomin M , Ricci P , Coelho A , Février O , Mancini D , Silvagni D , Stenger L
Published: June 2023

The effect of triangularity on tokamak boundary plasma turbulence is investigated using global, flux-driven, three-dimensional, two-fluid simulations. The simulations show that negative triangularity (NT) stabilizes boundary plasma turbulence, and linear investigations reveal that this is due to a reduction of the magnetic curvature driven by interchange instabilities, such as the resistive ballooning mode (RBM). As a consequence, the pressure decay length L

p
, related to the scrape-off layer (SOL) power fall-off length λ

q
, is found to be affected by triangularity. Leveraging considerations on the effect of triangularity on the linear growth rate and nonlinear evolution of the RBM, the analytical theory-based scaling law for L

p
in L-mode plasmas, derived by Giacomin et al (2021 Nucl. Fusion
61 076002), is extended to include the effect of triangularity. The scaling is in agreement with nonlinear simulations and a multi-machine experimental database, which includes recent TCV discharges dedicated to the study of the effect of triangularity in L-mode diverted discharges. Overall, the present results highlight that NT narrows the L

p
and considering the effect of triangularity is important for a reliable extrapolation of λ

q
from present experiments to larger devices.
Assessing neutral transport mechanisms in aspect ratio dependent etching by means of experiments and multiscale plasma modeling
Authors: Vanraes Patrick , Parayil Venugopalan Syam , Besemer Matthieu , Bogaerts Annemie
Published: June 2023

Since the onset of pattern transfer technologies for chip manufacturing, various strategies have been developed to circumvent or overcome aspect ratio dependent etching (ARDE). These methods have, however, their own limitations in terms of etch non-idealities, throughput or costs. Moreover, they have mainly been optimized for individual in-device features and die-scale patterns, while occasionally ending up with poor patterning of metrology marks, affecting the alignment and overlay in lithography. Obtaining a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of ARDE and how to mitigate them therefore remains a relevant challenge to date, for both marks and advanced nodes. In this work, we accordingly assessed the neutral transport mechanisms in ARDE by means of experiments and multiscale modeling for SiO2 etching with CHF3/Ar and CF4/Ar plasmas. The experiments revealed a local maximum in the etch rate for an aspect ratio around unity, i.e. the simultaneous occurrence of regular and inverse reactive ion etching lag for a given etch condition. We were able to reproduce this ARDE trend in the simulations without taking into account charging effects and the polymer layer thickness, suggesting shadowing and diffuse reflection of neutrals as the primary underlying mechanisms. Subsequently, we explored four methods with the simulations to regulate ARDE, by varying the incident plasma species fluxes, the amount of polymer deposition, the ion energy and angular distribution and the initial hardmask sidewall angle, for which the latter was found to be promising in particular. Although our study focusses on feature dimensions characteristic to metrology marks and back-end-of-the-line integration, the obtained insights have a broader relevance, e.g. to the patterning of advanced nodes. Additionally, this work supports the insight that physisorption may be more important in plasma etching at room temperature than originally thought, in line with other recent studies, a topic on which we recommend further research.
Extending the weak cosmic censorship conjecture to the charged Buchdahl star by employing the gedanken experiments
Authors: Shaymatov Sanjar , Dadhich Naresh
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we wish to investigate the weak cosmic censorship conjecture (WCCC) for the
non black hole object, Buchdahl star and test its validity. It turns out that the extremal limit
for the star is over-extremal for black hole, Q
2/M
2 ≤ 9/8 > 1; i.e., it could have 9/8 ≥
 Q
2/M
2 > 1. By carrying out both linear and non-linear perturbations, we establish the same
result for the Buchdahl star as well. That is, as for black hole it could be overcharged at the
linear perturbation while the result is overturned when the non-linear perturbations are
included. Thus WCCC is always obeyed by the Buchdahl star.
Experimental research on specially optical bistability based on atomic ensemble
Authors: Zhang Huiling , Hao Jiarui , Xie Zhongzhu , Fang Yong
Published: June 2023

Optical bistability (OB) phenomenon based on electromagnetic induced transparency has received widespread attention from researchers due to its good application prospects in ultrafast all-optical switches, high-speed all-optical exchange devices, optical storage, etc. In this paper, OB is realized in a thermal atomic ensemble by a probe transmission signal and a six-wave mixing signal. By adjusting the controllable parameters of the light field, such as the light field intensity, polarization state, incident angle of the light etc, the OB laws of related signal are discovered, analyzed, and summarized. These results will have potential application value in OB devices and signal processing.
Genetic algorithm designed for optimization of neural network architectures for intracranial EEG recordings analysis
Authors: Pijackova Kristyna , Nejedly Petr , Kremen Vaclav , Plesinger Filip , Mivalt Filip , Lepkova Kamila , Pail Martin , Jurak Pavel , Worrell Gregory , Brazdil Milan , Klimes Petr
Published: June 2023

Objective. The current practices of designing neural networks rely heavily on subjective judgment and heuristic steps, often dictated by the level of expertise possessed by architecture designers. To alleviate these challenges and streamline the design process, we propose an automatic method, a novel approach to enhance the optimization of neural network architectures for processing intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG) data. Approach. We present a genetic algorithm, which optimizes neural network architecture and signal pre-processing parameters for iEEG classification. Main results. Our method improved the macro F1 score of the state-of-the-art model in two independent datasets, from St. Anne’s University Hospital (Brno, Czech Republic) and Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN, USA), from 0.9076 to 0.9673 and from 0.9222 to 0.9400 respectively. Significance. By incorporating principles of evolutionary optimization, our approach reduces the reliance on human intuition and empirical guesswork in architecture design, thus promoting more efficient and effective neural network models. The proposed method achieved significantly improved results when compared to the state-of-the-art benchmark model (McNemar’s test, p ≪ 0.01). The results indicate that neural network architectures designed through machine-based optimization outperform those crafted using the subjective heuristic approach of a human expert. Furthermore, we show that well-designed data preprocessing significantly affects the models’ performance.
A Neurodynamic Approach for SWIPT Power Splitting Optimization
Authors: Wang Tong , Cui Hao , Zhang Zhongyi , Wei Jian
Published: June 2023

Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems using energy from RF signals can effectively solve the energy shortage of wireless devices. However, the existing SWIPT optimization methods using numerical algorithms are difficult to solve the non-convex problem and to adapt to the dynamic communication circumstances. In this paper, a duplex neurodynamic optimization method is used to address the SWIPT system’s power partitioning issue. The information rate maximization problem of the SWIPT system is framed as a biconvex problem. A duplex recurrent neural network is used to concurrently execute local search and update the initial state of the neural network by a particle swarm optimization method to get the global optimum. The experimental results demonstrate that the duplex neurodynamic-based SWIPT system maximizes information rate while satisfying the minimal harvesting energy requirement in a variety of channel states.
An adaptive stochastic resonance detection method based on a fast artificial fish swarm algorithm
Authors: Liang Chenxi , Dou Zheng , Li Lihao , Wang Xingyang
Published: June 2023

A new stochastic resonance method that is based on a fast artificial fish swarm algorithm has been proposed in an effort to address the adaptive parameter-induced stochastic resonance for weak signal detection’s slow convergence time. The target evaluation function for the system is the output signal-to-noise ratio. The method of scale transformation and amplitude compression is used to pre-process the high frequency and large parameter signals. To achieve fast adaptive detection that applies to weak communication signals, the stochastic resonance system’s characteristics are used to constrain the optimization iteration rules.According to the simulation results, the fast artificial fish swarm method has significantly better optimization efficiency and achieves the same optimization results as the basic artificial fish swarm algorithm while reducing convergence time by 74.89%.
A Mixed Intrusion Detection System utilizing K-means and Extreme Gradient Boosting
Authors: Lv Haifeng , Ji Xiaoyu , Ding Yong
Published: June 2023

The intrusion detection system (IDS) plays an important part because it offers an efficient way to prevent and mitigate cyber attacks. Numerous deep learning methods for intrusion anomaly detection have been developed as a result of recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) in order to strengthen internet security. The balance among the high detection rate (DR), the low false alarm rate (FAR) and disaster of dimensionality is the crucial apprehension while devising an effective IDS. For the binary classification of intrusion detection systems, we present in this study a mixed model called K-means-XGBoost consisting of K-means and (Extreme Gradient Boosting, XGBoost) algorithms. The distributed computation of our method is achieved in Spark platform to rapidly separate normal events and anomaly events. In phrases of accuracy, DR, F1-score, recall, precision, and error indices FAR, the proposed model’s performance is measured via the well-known dataset of NSL-KDD. The experimental outcomes indicate that our method is outstandingly better among accuracy, DR, F1-score, training time, and processing speed, compared to other models which are recently created. In particular, the accuracy, F1-score, and DR of the proposed model can achieve as high as 93.28%, 94.39%, and 99.22% in the NSL-KDD dataset, respectively.
An Energy Saving Control Strategy Based on Multi-Agent Q-Learning Algorithm for Data Center
Authors: Yu Hui , Xia Ying
Published: June 2023

In recent years, the application of green renewable energy to data centers has become an important trend. Traditional solutions lack the consideration of matching tasks to renewable energy supplies. Therefore, in the face of diverse real-time computing tasks, how to reduce the total energy cost while ensuring the quality of service is an important challenge for the data center in the future. In this paper, our focus is on using the information on renewable energy supply and task characteristics as input states to assign tasks that maximize user satisfaction while meeting the minimum total cost of energy consumption. We consider the diversity of real-time tasks and design three different task types: the most crucial task, the crucial task and the non-crucial task. According to the different characteristics of these tasks, we propose a scheduling algorithm based on multi-agent, which uses multiple sets of agents with different initial positions to parallel search in different dimensions of the parameter space to find the optimal solution. To further optimize the algorithm, we eliminate the centralized noise solution based on the Pareto sorting method and sort the multiple optimal solutions to highlight the most suitable solution. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm compared with other algorithms can reduce the total energy consumption by 11% and increase the customer satisfaction by 13% on average, and has better performance and applicability.
Exploring cesium properties internal to the LANSCE H- ion source using resonant absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Kleinjan D. , Neukirch L. , Rouleau G.
Published: June 2023

The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) H- ion source has provided stable output for decades of LANL mission needs, but its maximum beam output has remained the same at ∼15 mA. A roadblock to improving beam output has been a lack of thorough understanding of the internal mechanisms of LANSCE H- ion source. The LANSCE H- Ion Source Laser Diagnostic Stand (HLDS) was recently built and commissioned to explore these internal mechanisms using laser absorption techniques, to measure and diagnose dynamic H- and cesium densities. The cesium density probe is based on resonant absorption of a continuous wave diode laser tuned though the D2 line of cesium (∼852 nm). The diagnostic capabilities of HLDS will be reviewed, and measurements using the cesium laser diagnostic will be presented.
Performance study of novel micro-Resistive WELL (μ-RWELL) detector in different gas mixtures
Authors: Chakraborty S. , Laird A.M. , Lynch W. , Bencivenni G. , De Oliveira R. , Joshi P. , Hide B. , Raspino D. , Martin L. , Ruiz C. , Upadhyayula S.
Published: June 2023

Versatility of micro-pattern gaseous detectors (MPGD) make them suitable for the use in various fields of study, e.g. nuclear physics, particle physics, dark matter physics along with a wide range of medical and security applications. Our primary interest was to implement the novel μ-RWELL (micro-Resistive WELL) detector as the gas amplification stage in TACTIC, a cylindrical active target time projection chamber (TPC) designed to study nuclear reactions with astrophysical significance. In preparation towards their installation inside TACTIC, the performance and characteristics of μ-RWELL were studied in a test chamber, a planar analogue of TACTIC. This work reports the high gas gains achieved in Ar:CH4 and He:CO2 and a study of the charging-up effect in He:CO2.
Aging test of resistive Micromegas detectors operated with and without hydrocarbons
Authors: Iengo Paolo , Sekhniaidze Givi
Published: June 2023

A long-term irradiation and longevity test was conducted on two bulk-Micromegas detectors with screen-printed resistive strips, working with Ar:CO2 gas mixture at the CERN GIF++ facility between 2015 and 2018.
The results of the test, for a total integrated charge of about 0.3 C/cm2, have been recently published.

One of the detectors exposed at GIF++ was then irradiated with X-rays from Cu, this time with an Ar:CO2:iC4H10 mixture to study the effect of hydrocarbons like isobutane to the detector longevity.
The resistive Micromegas under test has accumulated a total charge of 1.5 C/cm2.
A second detector with identical construction and characteristics, operated at the same voltages and with the same gas but not irradiated, has been used as reference chamber. Charge spectra with an 55Fe source were acquired at regular intervals for both detectors to monitor the evolution of the gain and energy resolution.
The accelerated ageing test has been subsequently repeated with the same detector operated with hydrocarbon-free Ar:CO2 mixture.
The paper describes the experimental setup and test procedure, and focuses on the main results and their interpretation.
The habitat of Varuna litterata in the bengawan solo river
Authors: Fariedah F , Rahayu S , Marhendra APW , Arfiati D
Published: June 2023

Varuna litterata is a crab that belongs to the Varunidae and has been caught to fulfill the need for the availability of an animal protein source. The purpose of this study was to determine the existing habitat of V. litterata in the Bengawan Solo River Estuary. Sampling of V. litterata was carried out every month for five months in three stations by using fixed nets. Water and substrate quality parameters were measured and examined. The samples of V. litterata that had been obtained were then counted and differentiated based on sex and size. The morphological characteristics were then recorded. The sample was then weighed, the width and length of the carapace were measured. The results showed that the abundance of V. litterata was even at each station. The carapace width distribution was dominated by 3.5-3.99 cm in size. The ratio of male and female individuals is still in balance. The results of this study indicated that V. litterata can be found in waters that are directly opposite the sea and spread as far as 32 km from the estuary. V. litterata can be found in waters that are still affected by tidal currents with salinity ranging from 20-25 ppt, temperature ranging from 31-33.2, river surface water current ranging from 0, 39-0,52 m/s with a textured bottom consisting of silty, clayey, sandy, and muddy.
Evaluating The Waterbirds Diversity and Its Preys Under Different Mangrove Ecosystem in The Situbondo Coast, East Java
Authors: Dewi YK , Leksono AS , Retnaningdyah C , Arisoesilaningsih E
Published: June 2023

Mangroves are potential habitats for diverse waterbirds, and its preys, but mangroves conversion caused variations of mangrove forests area along the northern coast of Situbondo Regency. Therefore, it is important to analyze the interaction of mangrove area, diversity of waterbirds, and its prey along the coast of Situbondo Regency. The diversity and waterbirds density and its prey observed by points count method along the transect in six stations, namely Banyuputih, Mangaran, Panarukan, Kendit, Suboh, and Banyuglugur Districts. The area of mangrove forest was determined by satellite imagery. The results showed that the diversity and waterbirds density were influenced by its prey availability and mangrove area. Banyuputih showed the largest mangrove forest area with medium waterbirds (H′ 2.19) and prey diversity (H′ 2.15), similar with Kendit showed medium waterbirds diversity (H′ 1.39) and highest density of waterbirds, followed by highest prey density and medium prey diversity (H′ 2.43). On the other hand, in Banyuglugur with the largest industrial area, only one species of waterbird was found. Ciconia episcopus, and Leptoptilos javanicus as IUCN Redlist vulnerable and near threatened species were founded in the Banyuputih and Kendit. Conserving mangroves integrity as waterbirds habitat and its preys might support a better waterbird’s life.
Description of Some Microalgae Isolates Captured from Sumatra Island, Indonesia
Authors: Pane EP , Risjani Y , Yunianta  , Pane J , Fitrianesia F , Nugraha R , Rahmawati K
Published: June 2023

Microalgae as phytoplankton become the considerable attention object because of their potential in various application. Microalgae can be discovered in various ecosystems and growing in all environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to identify the genus and abudance of microalgae in some of the coastal area of Sumatera Island, Indonesia. This study was conducted in August until September 2022. The method used is descriptive quantitative by exploration and microalgae calculations. The calculations based on Shannon-Wiener such as abundance, relative abundance, diversity index, uniformity index and dominance index. The sampling area selected was carried out in Suak Ribee Beach (Aceh), Gandoriah Beach (Padang) and Lengkuas Island (Belitung). The sampling method used the random sampling method by horizontal sampling. Statistical analysed is NMDS (non metric multidimensional scaling). The results obtained were 4 class, namely Bachillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Fragilariophyceae and 21 genera, namely Achnanthes, Anabaena, Aphanocapsa, Bacillaria, Chalamydomonas, Chroococcus, Cocconeis, Diploneis, Encynopsis, Eudorina, Eupodiscus, Fragilaria, Gyrosigma, Hyalodiscus, Navicula, Nitzschia, Oocytis, Parlibellus, Peronia, Stauroneis and Ulothrix. Microalgae was dominated by group of Bachillariophyceae (76%). The abudance of microalgae obtained range from 11.117 – 36.442 cells/L. The results showed that the diversity index value was moderate (1,46), low dominance (0,17) and moderate uniformity (0,48).
The dynamic behavior of a droplet flows through a constricted splitting channel: a lattice Boltzmann study
Authors: Deng Dapeng , Dong Huifang , Liang Yusheng
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a lattice Boltzmann method is used to simulate the dynamic behavior of a droplet flows through a constricted channel, where an obstacle is placed in the center of the constricted channel to split the droplet. The method is first used to simulate the effect of the capillary number

C
a

on the volume of the divided daughter droplets. Results show that the volume difference between the daughter droplets above and below the obstacle increases as

C
a

increases. We also find that reducing the capillary number is conducive to the droplet splitting into two daughter droplets with similar volume. The method is then used to simulate the influence of the viscosity ratio

λ

on the droplet flows through a constricted channel. As

λ

increases, the volume difference between the daughter droplets above and below the obstacle decreases. Finally, the influence of the confinement ratio

W
c

on the evolution of the droplet morphology is investigated. With increase in

W
c

, the volume difference between the daughter droplets above and below the obstacle increases. When

W
c

⩾
1

, the droplet does not break up and completely enters the bottom channel. Comparing with the converging-diverging and ratchet channels, the constricted splitting channel is more conductive to the breakup of the droplet neck.
The structure skew brace associated with a finite non-degenerate solution of the Yang-Baxter equation is finitely presented
Authors: Trombetti Marco
Published: June 2023

The aim of this paper is to show that the structure skew brace associated with a finite non-degenerate solution of the Yang-Baxter equation is finitely presented.
Global pointwise estimates of positive solutions to sublinear equations
Authors: Verbitsky I.
Published: June 2023

Bilateral pointwise estimates are provided for positive solutions

u
u

to the sublinear integral equation

u
=

G

(
σ

u
q

)
+
f

in 
 
Ω
,

\begin{equation*} u = \mathbf {G}(\sigma u^q) + f \quad \text {in } \ \Omega , \end{equation*}

for

0
>
q
>
1

0 > q > 1

, where

σ
≥
0

\sigma \ge 0

is a measurable function or a Radon measure,

f
≥
0

f \ge 0

, and

G

\mathbf {G}

is the integral operator associated with a positive kernel

G
G

on

Ω
×
Ω

\Omega \times \Omega

. The main results, which include the existence criteria and uniqueness of solutions, hold true for quasimetric, or quasimetrically modifiable kernels 

G
G

.

As a consequence, bilateral estimates are obtained, along with existence and uniqueness, for positive solutions

u
u

, possibly unbounded, to sublinear elliptic equations involving the fractional Laplacian,
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis negative normal upper Delta right-parenthesis Superscript StartFraction alpha Over 2 EndFraction Baseline u equals sigma u Superscript q Baseline plus mu in normal upper Omega comma u equals 0 in normal upper Omega Superscript c Baseline comma">

(
−
Δ

)

α
2

u
=
σ

u
q

+
μ

in

Ω
,

u
=
0

in

Ω
c

,

\begin{equation*} (-\Delta )^{\frac {\alpha }{2}} u = \sigma u^q + \mu \quad \text {in}\quad \Omega , \quad u=0 \quad \text {in}\,\, \Omega ^c, \end{equation*}

where

0
>
q
>
1

0>q>1

, and

μ
,
σ
≥
0

\mu , \sigma \ge 0

are measurable functions, or Radon measures, on a bounded uniform domain

Ω
⊂

R

n

\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^n

for

0
>
α
≤
2

0 > \alpha \le 2

, or on the entire space

R

n

\mathbb {R}^n

, a ball or half-space, for

0
>
α
>
n

0 > \alpha >n

.
Psychometric properties of ability to contribute measurements as a domain of functional ability of older persons: a COSMIN systematic review
Authors: Gutiérrez-Robledo Luis Miguel , Tella-Vega Pamela , García-Chanes Rosa Estela , Lozano-Juárez Luis Raymundo , Medina-Campos Raúl Hernán , García-Andrade Salvador , Escamilla-Núñez Alberto , Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan Jotheeswaran , Diaz Theresa , Mikton Christopher , García-Peña Carmen
Published: June 2023

Background

Older person’s ability to contribute covers contributions divided into five subdomains: assisting friends and neighbours, mentoring peers and younger people, caring for family, engaging in the workforce and voluntary activity.

Objective

To evaluate the psychometric properties of ability to contribute measurements as a domain of functional ability of older persons using Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) methodology for systematic reviews.

Methods

A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases, for observational studies published within the last 10 years. The measurement properties of these ability measures were evaluated against the COSMIN taxonomy. Risk-of-bias assessment was performed using the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist.

Results

Of the 32,665 studies identified, we selected 19, of which the main purpose was to develop or validate an instrument or have related items that measure at least one of the subdomains. None of the instruments contained items that were fully related to the five subdomains, 60% (n = 12) were related to voluntary activities and 15% (n = 3) to mentoring peers and younger people. As for psychometric properties, two studies assessed content validity. Factor analysis was used to evaluate structural validity in 10 studies. Internal consistency was evaluated in 63% of the instruments and Cronbach’s alpha ranges from 0.63 to 0.92. No study reported predictive validity. A very limited overview of their scope and limitations for their application was observed.

Conclusions

We found no single instrument measuring all subdomains of ability to contribute. We found several instruments containing items that could indirectly measure some of the subdomains of the ability to contribute.
Chemical signaling glands are unlinked to species diversification in lizards
Authors: Murali Gopal , Meiri Shai , Roll Uri
Published: June 2023

Sexual selection has long been thought to increase species diversification. Sexually selected traits, such as sexual signals that contribute to reproductive isolation, were thought to promote diversification. However, studies exploring links between sexually selected traits and species diversification have thus far primarily focused on visual or acoustic signals. Many animals often employ chemical signals (i.e., pheromones) for sexual communications, but large-scale analyses on the role of chemical communications in driving species diversification have been missing. Here, for the first time, we investigate whether traits associated with chemical communications—the presence of follicular epidermal glands—promote diversification across 6,672 lizard species. In most analyses, we found no strong association between the presence of follicular epidermal glands and species diversification rates, either across all lizard species or at lower phylogenetic scales. Previous studies suggest that follicular gland secretions act as species recognition signals that prevent hybridization during speciation in lizards. However, we show that geographic range overlap was no different in sibling species pairs with and without follicular epidermal glands. Together, these results imply that either follicular epidermal glands do not primarily function in sexual communications or sexually selected traits in general (here chemical communication) have a limited effect on species diversification. In our additional analysis accounting for sex-specific differences in glands, we again found no detectable effect of follicular epidermal glands on species diversification rates. Thus, our study challenges the general role of sexually selected traits in broad-scale species diversification patterns.
Single-mutations at the galactose-binding site of enzymes GalK, GalU, and LgtC enable the efficient synthesis of UDP-6-azido-6-deoxy-d-galactose and azido-functionalized Gb3 analogs
Authors: Ortiz-Soto Maria E , Baier Makarius , Brenner Daniela , Timm Malte , Seibel Jürgen
Published: June 2023

Lysosomal accumulation of the glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide Gb3 is linked to the deficient activity of the α-galactosidase A in the Anderson–Fabry disease and an elevated level of deacylated Gb3 is a hallmark of this condition. Localization of Gb3 in the plasma membrane is critical for studying how the membrane organization and its dynamics are affected in this genetic disorder. Gb3 analogs containing a terminal 6-azido-functionalized galactose in its head group globotriose (αGal1, 4βGal1, and 4Glc) are attractive chemical reporters for bioimaging, as the azido-group may act as a chemical tag for bio-orthogonal click chemistry. We report here the production of azido-Gb3 analogs employing mutants of galactokinase, UTP–glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, and α-1,4-galactosyltransferase LgtC, which participate in the synthesis of the sugar motif globotriose. Variants of enzymes galactokinase/UTP–glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase generate UDP-6-azido-6-deoxy-d-galactose, which is the galactosyl-donor used by LgtC for transferring the terminal galactose moiety to lactosyl-acceptors. Residues at the galactose-binding site of the 3 enzymes were modified to facilitate the accommodation of azido-functionalized substrates and variants outperforming the wild-type enzymes were characterized. Synthesis of 6-azido-6-deoxy-d-galactose-1-phosphate, UDP-6-azido-6-deoxy-d-galactose, and azido-Gb3 analogs by variants GalK-E37S, GalU-D133V, and LgtC-Q187S, respectively, is 3–6-fold that of their wild-type counterparts. Coupled reactions with these variants permit the production of the pricy, unnatural galactosyl-donor UDP-6-azido-6-deoxy-d-galactose with ~90% conversion yields, and products azido-globotriose and lyso-AzGb3 with substrate conversion of up to 70%. AzGb3 analogs could serve as precursors for the synthesis of other tagged glycosphingolipids of the globo-series.