bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecophysiological modeling of photosynthesis and carbon allocation to the tree stem in the boreal forest
Authors: Gennaretti Fabio , Gea-Izquierdo Guillermo , Boucher Etienne , Berninger Frank , Arseneault Dominique , Guiot Joel
Published: November 2017

Abstract. A better understanding of the coupling between photosynthesis and carbon allocation in the boreal forest, together with its associated environmental factors and mechanistic rules, is crucial to accurately predict boreal forest carbon stocks and fluxes, which are significant components of the global carbon budget. Here, we adapted the MAIDEN ecophysiological forest model to consider important processes for boreal tree species, such as nonlinear acclimation of photosynthesis to temperature changes, canopy development as a function of previous-year climate variables influencing bud formation and the temperature dependence of carbon partition in summer. We tested these modifications in the eastern Canadian taiga using black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) gross primary production and ring width data. MAIDEN explains 90 % of the observed daily gross primary production variability, 73 % of the annual ring width variability and 20–30 % of its high-frequency component (i.e., when decadal trends are removed). The positive effect on stem growth due to climate warming over the last several decades is well captured by the model. In addition, we illustrate how we improve the model with each introduced model adaptation and compare the model results with those of linear response functions. Our results demonstrate that MAIDEN simulates robust relationships with the most important climate variables (those detected by classical response-function analysis) and is a powerful tool for understanding how environmental factors interact with black spruce ecophysiology to influence present-day and future boreal forest carbon fluxes.
Evaluation of a new inference method for estimating ammonia volatilisation from multiple agronomic plots
Authors: Loubet Benjamin , Carozzi Marco , Voylokov Polina , Cohan Jean-Pierre , Trochard Robert , Génermont Sophie
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Tropospheric ammonia (NH3) is a threat to the environment and human health and is mainly emitted by agriculture. Ammonia volatilisation following application of nitrogen in the field accounts for more than 40 % of the total ammonia emissions in France. This hence represents a major loss of nitrogen use efficiency which needs to be reduced by appropriate agricultural practices. In this study we evaluate a novel method to infer ammonia volatilisation from small agronomic plots made of multiple treatments with repetition. The method is based on the combination of a set of ammonia diffusion sensors exposed for durations of 3 hours to 1 week, and a short-range atmospheric dispersion model, used to retrieve the emissions from each plot. The method is evaluated by mimicking ammonia emissions from an ensemble of 9 plots with a resistance-analogue-compensation-point surface exchange scheme over a yearly meteorological database separated into 28-days periods. A multi-factorial simulation scheme is used to test the effects of sensor number and heights, plot dimensions, source strengths and background concentrations, on the quality of the inference method. We further demonstrate by theoretical considerations in the case of an isolated plot that inferring emissions with diffusion sensors integrating over daily periods will always lead to underestimations due to correlations between emissions and atmospheric transfer. We evaluated these underestimations as −8 % ± 6 % of the emissions for a typical western European climate. For multiple plots, we find that this method would lead to median underestimations of −16 % with an interquartile [−8 % −22 %] for two treatments differing by a factor of up to 20 and a control treatment with no emissions. We further evaluate the methodology for varying background concentrations and ammonia emission patterns and demonstrate the low sensitivity of the method to these factors. The method was also tested in a real case and proved to provide sound evaluations of ammonia losses from surface applied and incorporated slurry. We hence showed that this novel method should be robust and suitable for estimating ammonia emissions from agronomic plots. Further work should anyway be produced for validating this method in real conditions.
Integration of terrestrial observational networks: opportunity for
advancing Earth system dynamics modelling
Authors: Baatz Roland , Sullivan Pamela L. , Li Li , Weintraub Samantha , Loescher Henry W. , Mirtl Michael , Groffman Peter M. , Wall Diana H. , Young Michael , White Tim , Wen Hang , Zacharias Steffen , Kühn Ingolf , Tang Jianwu , Gaillardet Jérôme , Braud Isabelle , Flores Alejandro N. , Kumar Praveen , Lin Henry , Ghezzehei Teamrat , Gholz Henry L. , Vereecken Harry , Van Looy Kris
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Advancing our understanding of Earth System Dynamics (ESD) depends on the development of models and other analytical tools that integrate physical, biological and chemical data. This ambition of increased understanding and model development of ESD based on integrated site observations was at the origin of the creation of the networks of Long Term Ecological Research (LTER), Critical Zone Observatories (CZO), and others. We organized a survey to identify pressing gaps in data availability from these networks, in particular for the future development and evaluation of models that represent ESD processes. With the survey results, we look for gaps between data collection and ESD model development, to draw perspectives for the improvement both in data collection and model integration. From this overview of model applications gathered in the context of LTER- and CZO research, we identified three challenges: 1) Improving integration of observational data in Earth system modelling, 2) developing coupled Earth system models, and 3) identifying complementarity and ways to integrate the existing networks. These challenges lead to perspectives and recommendations for strategic integration of observational networks and links to the ESD modelling community. We propose the further integration of the observational networks, either by 1) making the existing site-determined networks also functional topological networks with organising spread and coverage, and/or 2) thematically and geographically restructuring or co-locating the existing networks, and further formalizing these recommendations among these communities. Such integration will enable cross-site comparison and synthesis studies, which will offer significant insights and extraction of organizing principles, classifications, and general rules of coupling processes and environmental conditions.
Volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections and aerosol optical depth from 500 BCE to 1900 CE
Authors: Toohey Matthew , Sigl Michael
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The injection of sulfur into the stratosphere by explosive volcanic eruptions is the cause of significant climate variability. Based on sulfate records from a suite of ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica, the eVolv2k database includes estimates of the magnitudes and approximate source latitudes of major volcanic stratospheric sulfur injection (VSSI) events from 500 BCE to 1900 CE, constituting an update of prior reconstructions and an extension of the record by 1000 years. The database incorporates improvements to the ice core records (in terms of synchronisation and dating) and refinements to the methods used to estimate VSSI from ice core records, and it includes first estimates of the random uncertainties in VSSI values. VSSI estimates for many of the largest eruptions, including Samalas (1257), Tambora (1815), and Laki (1783), are within 10 % of prior estimates. A number of strong events are included in eVolv2k which are largely underestimated or not included in earlier VSSI reconstructions, including events in 540, 574, 682, and 1108 CE. The long-term annual mean VSSI from major volcanic eruptions is estimated to be  ∼ 0.5 Tg [S] yr−1,  ∼ 50 % greater than a prior reconstruction due to the identification of more events and an increase in the magnitude of many intermediate events. A long-term latitudinally and monthly resolved stratospheric aerosol optical depth (SAOD) time series is reconstructed from the eVolv2k VSSI estimates, and the resulting global mean SAOD is found to be similar (within 33 %) to a prior reconstruction for most of the largest eruptions. The long-term (500 BCE–1900 CE) average global mean SAOD estimated from the eVolv2k VSSI estimates including a constant background injection of stratospheric sulfur is  ∼ 0.014, 30 % greater than a prior reconstruction. These new long-term reconstructions of past VSSI and SAOD variability give context to recent volcanic forcing, suggesting that the 20th century was a period of somewhat weaker than average volcanic forcing, with current best estimates of 20th century mean VSSI and SAOD values being 25 and 14 % less, respectively, than the mean of the 500 BCE to 1900 CE period. The reconstructed VSSI and SAOD data are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/WDCC/eVolv2k_v2.
Evaluating a fire smoke simulation algorithm in the National Air Quality
Forecast Capability (NAQFC) by using multiple observation data sets during the Southeast Nexus (SENEX) field campaign
Authors: Pan Li , Kim Hyun Cheol , Lee Pius , Saylor Rick , Tang YouHua , Tong Daniel , Baker Barry , Kondragunta Shobha , Xu Chuanyu , Ruminski Mark G. , Chen Weiwei , Mcqueen Jeff , Stajner Ivanka
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Multiple observation data sets, including Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network data, Automated Smoke Detection and Tracking Algorithm (ASDTA), Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke plume shapefiles and aircraft acetonitrile (CH3CN) measurements from the NOAA Southeast Nexus (SENEX) field campaign are used to evaluate the HMS-BlueSky-SMOKE-CMAQ fire emissions and smoke plume prediction system. A similar configuration is used in the National Air Quality Forecasting Capability (NAQFC). The system was found to capture signatures of most of the observed fire signals. Use of HMS-detected fire hotspots and smoke plume information are valuable for both initiating fire emissions and evaluating model simulations. However, we also found that the current system does not include fire contributions through lateral boundary condition and missed fires that are not associated with visible smoke plumes resulting in significant simulation uncertainties. In this study we focused not only on model evaluation but also on evaluation methods. We discuss how to use observational data correctly to filter out fire signals and synergistic use of multiple data sets together. We also address the limitations of each of the observation data sets and of the evaluation methods.
Streamflow characteristics from modeled runoff time series – importance of calibration criteria selection
Authors: Pool Sandra , Vis Marc J. P. , Knight Rodney R. , Seibert Jan
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Ecologically relevant streamflow characteristics (SFCs) of ungauged catchments are often estimated from simulated runoff of hydrologic models that were originally calibrated on gauged catchments. However, SFC estimates of the gauged donor catchments and subsequently the ungauged catchments can be substantially uncertain when models are calibrated using traditional approaches based on optimization of statistical performance metrics (e.g., Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency). An improved calibration strategy for gauged catchments is therefore crucial to help reduce the uncertainties of estimated SFCs for ungauged catchments. The aim of this study was to improve SFC estimates from modeled runoff time series in gauged catchments by explicitly including one or several SFCs in the calibration process. Different types of objective functions were defined consisting of the Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency, single SFCs, or combinations thereof. We calibrated a bucket-type runoff model (HBV – Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenavdelning – model) for 25 catchments in the Tennessee River basin and evaluated the proposed calibration approach on 13 ecologically relevant SFCs representing major flow regime components and different flow conditions. While the model generally tended to underestimate the tested SFCs related to mean and high-flow conditions, SFCs related to low flow were generally overestimated. The highest estimation accuracies were achieved by a SFC-specific model calibration. Estimates of SFCs not included in the calibration process were of similar quality when comparing a multi-SFC calibration approach to a traditional model efficiency calibration. For practical applications, this implies that SFCs should preferably be estimated from targeted runoff model calibration, and modeled estimates need to be carefully interpreted.
Assessment of peak tsunami amplitude associated with a great earthquake occurring along the southernmost Ryukyu subduction zone for Taiwan region
Authors: Sun Yu-Sheng , Chen Po-Fei , Chen Chien-Chih , Lee Ya-Ting , Ma Kuo-Fong , Wu Tso-Ren
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The southernmost portion of the Ryukyu Trench closed to Taiwan island is a potential region to generate 7.5 to 8.7 tsunami earthquakes by shallow rupture. The fault model for this potential region dips 10º northward with rupture length of 120 km and width of 70 km. The earthquake magnitude estimated by fault geometry is Mw 8.15 with 8.25 m average slip as a constrain of earthquake scenario. The heterogeneous slip distributions over rupture surface are generated by stochastic slip model, the slip spectrum with k-2 decay in wave number domain, and they are consistent with above identical seismic conditions. The results from tsunami simulation illustrate that the propagation of tsunami waves and the peak wave heights largely vary in response to the slip distribution. The wave phase changing is possible as the waves propagate, even under the same seismic conditions. The tsunami energy path is not only following the bathymetry but also depending on slip distribution. The probabilistic distributions of peak tsunami amplitude calculated by 100 different slip patterns from 30 recording stations reveal the uncertainty decreases with distance from tsunami source. The highest wave amplitude for 30 recording points is 7.32 m at Hualien for 100 different slips. Comparing with stochastic slips, uniform slip distribution will be extremely underestimated, especially in near field. In general, uniform slip assumption only represents the average phenomenon so that it will ignore possibility of tsunami wave. These results indicate that considering effect of heterogeneous slip distribution is necessary for assessing tsunami hazard and that can provide more information about tsunami uncertainty for a more comprehensive estimation.
El “espacio blanco” recorrido por d’Orbigny, 1831-1832. Una representación de Guarayos y sus habitantes
Authors: García Jordán Pilar
Published: November 2017

Europa y América Latina han desarrollado a lo largo de la historia unas relaciones económicas, sociales, políticas y culturales que han nutrido la construcción de imaginarios en los que la percepción del “otro” se alimenta de la representación del “uno”. Estos imaginarios han sido elaborados por diversos agentes europeos y americanos. Objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la “representación” que uno de aquellos actores, Alcide d’Orbigny, hizo de la región y sus habitantes en la década de 1830. Tesis sostenida es que el naturalista-viajero francés elaboró un relato ilustrado primero, positivista después, en el cual, las sociedades europeas eran portadoras de la “civilización” y del “progreso” y exportaban un proyecto “civilizatorio” a los países extraeuropeos -Bolivia en este caso- en el que los “salvajes” y “bárbaros” guarayos debían ser “civilizados”. La fuente fundamental será el relato y los dibujos realizados por él durante el viaje y elaborados tras su regreso a Francia en 1832.
Fuerzas armadas y militarización de los guardias nacionales en la frontera sur de Argentina (provincia de Buenos Aires, 1862-1879)
Authors: Canciani Leonardo
Published: November 2017

En este artículo se examina cómo el Estado nacional argentino logró monopolizar el control de las fuerzas armadas en la frontera sur del país, a partir de analizar el aporte de cada una de ellas al sistema militar ofensivo/defensivo fronterizo y la militarización de los hombres adultos de la campaña bonaerense en edad militar sujetos al reclutamiento en la Guardia Nacional activa.
Sandino en La Habana: la VI Conferencia Internacional Americana a ojos de la prensa e intelectualidad españolas
Authors: Andrés García Manuel
Published: November 2017

El objetivo de este artículo es la revisión de las polémicas suscitadas en la VI Conferencia Internacional Americana (La Habana, 1928) como consecuencia de la presencia militar estadounidense en Nicaragua. Partiendo de un análisis sobre los acontecimientos que derivaron en dicha intrusión, abordaremos la naturaleza del movimiento panamericanista como instrumento de la diplomacia de Washington respecto a sus vecinos del sur, así como la resistencia de éstos al intervencionismo de los Estados Unidos. Para ello utilizaremos el seguimiento que de dicha reunión hizo la intelectualidad y prensa hispanoparlante de la época y, en particular, la española.
Las relaciones entre Costa Rica y España: de la tensión en la ONU a la normalización del vínculo diplomático (1946-1953)
Authors: Sola Ayape Carlos
Published: November 2017

Tras la reapertura del caso de la controvertida Spanish question, aquel mayo de 1949 fue un mes especialmente intenso para los delegados de las Naciones Unidas. A propuesta de cuatro países latinoamericanos, se pusieron en cuestionamiento las resoluciones condenatorias que pesaban sobre el gobierno del general Franco desde diciembre de 1946. En esta coyuntura, que dejó entrever las grandes diferencias de criterio entre los países miembros, la posición de Costa Rica estuvo envuelta en una fuerte polémica, ante la indisciplina de sus delegados en la ONU y las grandes fracturas existentes en el seno de la Junta de Gobierno, así como entre ésta y el nuevo presidente electo Otilio Ulate (1949-1953). Sin embargo, la nueva presidencia fue determinante para la normalización plena de las relaciones entre Costa Rica y España, que culminó con la firma de un tratado de amistad perpetua en 1953.
The Mensural Numeral Classifier Based on the Local Wisdom of Minangkabau Community at Tanah Datar Regency
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Nadra Nadra , Febrina Ria
Published: November 2017

This paper discusses the mensural numeral classifier used by the Minangkabau community in Tanah Datar regency. The mensural numeral classifier discussed here is the numeral classifier based on the local wisdom of the community, includes the numeral classifier with unrecognizable as the smallest unit but used as the measurement unit based on the shape or nature of the object which is its measure. Data collected by meeting the informants directly on the location. The data preparation conducted by hearing and interviewing. It carried data analysis through grouping the obtained data into the mensural type, such as the length, weight, size, and volume. Based on data analysis, in Minangkabau language at Tanah Datar regency, it found numeral classifier based on the local wisdom of community which uses as the measurement unit of length, weight, size, and volume. In this language, the standard for the measurement unit is the length of the human body, especially the hands and feet. The mensural numeral classifiers base on the human hand length includes rueh jari, jari, jangka, eto, and dapo. Whereas, the numeral classifier base on the foot length is tapak and langka. Meanwhile, for measurement units of weight, the standard is the objects which can be taken by the adult human, whether lifting by hands or bearing on the back. The mensural numeral classifier of weight includes tayia, kati, and pikua. The units of size also base on parts of the human body but which manage for the measurement unit only for the size which can form with using a finger. The mensural numeral classifier for the size means cakak. For measurement units of volume, there is the standard which based on parts of the human body, such as the hands, and another standard which comes from the things made from bamboo and cane work. The mensural numeral classifiers of weight that bases on the hand size are binjek, gonggam, and kawik. Meanwhile, the mensural numeral classifiers of volume which bases on objects made of bamboo or cane work include cupak, gantang, katidiang, and sumpik.
Female Emirati University Students’ Book Reading Choices: An Investigation
Authors: Kamhieh Celine
Published: November 2017

The inescapable link between college students' reading habits and their academic success suggests the importance to educators of investigating their students’ reading interests and preferences. The study reported here was an open investigation into the book reading choices of first-year female Emirati university students to see what genres, authors, main protagonists and book settings they preferred. Book titles were mined from data which was gathered during a larger in-depth research on students’ reading habits over a period of two years, through interviews, journal entries, surveys, emails and conversations. Results showed that, while students had a preference for fiction, they also had a comparatively high interest in nonfiction, particularly self-help books. Gender did not appear to be a major factor in their preferences although male authors were popular. Geography, including author and protagonist nationality and book setting, appeared to be more important, with students showing a preference for American and British authors, protagonists and settings. With students’ overall choice of Arab authors and titles at little more than one tenth of their total choices, availability of interesting books would appear to be of paramount importance. There are implications for the Arabic book publishing industry, in general, and the Emirati book publishing industry, in particular. Findings will be of interest also to educators, librarians and others who wish to promote leisure reading among college students in the Arab world and augment the limited literature on Arab students' reading choices.
Factors Affecting Surgical Delay: A Case Study of One of General Hospital at Jeddah City
Authors: Amani Baragaba , Omar Alsharqi
Published: November 2017

This research is a descriptive analytical study investigating the factors affecting surgical delay in the surgical department at one of general (public) hospital at Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. The research proposes and tests four independent variable factors affecting surgical delay. These factors are: clinical, administrative, hospital capabilities and care givers, while surgical delay is the dependent variable. In order to explore this issue, a quantitative method was used to collect primary data through designing a self-administered questionnaire, which was administered at the hospital. The research targeted the surgical department’s doctors at the hospital, who are the decision makers with regards to surgeries in their specialties; they total 106 doctors, and because of the small number of the research population the total number was taken as the research sample. The research retrieved 91 valid questionnaires (96.46%). Results show that the four factors are significantly important, demonstrating a positive statistical relationship between the four factors and surgical delay. This research recommends activating the clinical coordinators’ position in all surgical departments in turn, to improve the communication channels between all the concerned departments and the patients in order to run out the patients’ appointments and surgery booking. Moreover, it is vital to frame, develop and manage all the surgical waiting lists in all surgical departments for easy access and control.
Characterization of the Bayesian Posterior Distribution in Terms of Self-information
Authors: Dall'Aglio Marco , Hill Theodore P.
Published: November 2017

It is well known that the classical Bayesian posterior arises naturally as the unique solution of different optimization problems, without the necessity of interpreting data as conditional probabilities and then using Bayes' Theorem. Here it is shown that the Bayesian posterior is also the unique minimax optimizer of the loss of self-information in combining the prior and the likelihood distributions, and is the unique proportional consolidation of the same distributions. These results, direct corollaries of recent results about conflations of probability distributions, further reinforce the use of Bayesian posteriors, and may help partially reconcile some of the differences between classical and Bayesian statistics.
El proyecto arquitectónico a la luz del “paradigma indicial”
Authors: Fayos Vallés Francisco
Published: November 2017

Este trabajo pretende mostrar un modelo sobre cómo se generan y organizan los conocimientos propios de disciplinas que, aun usando la ciencia y la tecnología como herramientas, se sitúan, por su esencia, más allá de éstas. Aplicaremos este modelo, basado en el llamado “paradigma indicial”, formulado por C. Ginzburg, al proyecto arquitectónico.Se realiza un análisis de las tres fases del proyecto arquitectónico: diagnosis, síntesis y concreción (Proyecto Ejecutivo), destacando algunos de los aspectos importantes en su realización. La reordenación de las fases, a la luz del paradigma indicial, permite obtener las conclusiones que se presentan.Sin embargo el cómo estos conocimientos se desarrollan en la sociedad moderna y como deben ser transmitidos se describirá en un trabajo posterior.

Aquest treball pretén mostrar un model sobre com es generen i organitzen els coneixements propis de disciplines que, tot i utilitzant la ciència i la tecnologia com a eines, se situen, per la seva essència, més enllà d'aquestes. Aplicarem aquest model, basat en l'anomenat "paradigma indicial", formulat per C. Ginzburg, al projecte arquitectònic.Es realitza una anàlisi de les tres fases del projecte arquitectònic: diagnosi, síntesi i concreció (Projecte Executiu), destacant alguns dels aspectes importants en la seva realització. La reordenació de les fases, a la llum del paradigma indicial, permet obtenir les conclusions que es presenten.No obstant això el com aquests coneixements es desenvolupen en la societat moderna i com han de ser transmesos es descriurà en un treball posterior.

This work aims to show a model of how to generate and organize the expertise of disciplines, even using science and technology as tools, are located beyond these. We apply this model, based on the so-called "indicial paradigm", formulated by C. Ginzburg, to the architectural project.An analysis of the three phases of the architectural project is carried out: diagnosis, synthesis and concretion (Executive Project), highlighting some of the important aspects in its realization. The reordering of the phases, in the light of the indexical paradigm, allows obtaining the conclusions that are presented.However how this knowledge is developed in modern society and how it should be transmitted will be described in a later work.
El desarrollo profesional del docente: una visión personal
Authors: Valero García Miguel
Published: November 2017

Este artículo desarrolla un conjunto de reflexiones personales sobre la labor docente del profesorado, a la luz de más de 20 años de experiencia. Las reflexiones se articulan entorno al proceso de crisis que sufrió en autor en relación a su labor docente.

This paper develops a set of personal reflections on higher education teaching in the light of more than 20 years of experience. The reflections are organized around the process of crisis suffered by the author in relation to his teaching.
CAD_Gestión avanzada de proyectos
Authors: Ruiz Castrillo M. Isabel
Published: November 2017

Esta asignatura optativa, en cuarto curso del plan 2010, nace con el objetivo de potenciar y desarrollar la capacidad de trabajo en grupo de los estudiantes en
proyectos arquitectónicos complejos. Para ello consideramos necesario crear un espacio de participación cooperativa de dichos estudiantes en equipos, para discutir la planificación, la gestión y desarrollo y, finalmente, el intercambio y verificación
del material obtenido, en la realización del modelo y en la presentación del conjunto arquitectónico y su entorno.
Por tanto, esta experiencia se fundamenta en la gestión avanzada de un proyecto complejo, en el trabajo colaborativo en un entorno digital y en la presentación
de los resultados. El proyecto elegido es la urbanización de Torre Valentina, 1959, de José Antonio Coderch, que no se construyó y del cual se pretende realizar el modelo completo, emulando la maqueta conocida por las fotografías presentadas por Coderch en el CIAM-10.

This optional subject belongs to the fourth year of the 2010 plan. It has been created with the aim to enhance and develop student's working group ability in complex
architectural projects. In order to do so, we consider necessary to create cooperative participation environment. Students would work in teams to exchange and verify raw provided material. Based on it, team should discuss planning, management and development to eventually present the architectural complex and its surroundings.
Therefore, this experience is focused on three topics: advanced management of a complex project, collaborative work in a digital environment and solution presentation.
Development of Torre Valentina, 1959 , from José Antonio Coderch, has been chosen as proposed project. It has been never build. Full model is expected as output of this experience, emulating the known model from the photographs presented by Coderch at CIAM -10.
De lo doméstico compartido a la participación social: prácticas socio-arquitectónicas en la escuela de Alicante
Authors: Carrasco Hortal José , Abellán Alarcón Antonio , Amorós Verónica
Published: November 2017

De un tiempo a esta parte, cuando se ha pretendido democratizar un proceso de diseño, se ha extendido la costumbre de incorporar expertos en dinámicas de
participación para el análisis o la obtención de gráficos (sociogramas y flujogramas) con el objetivo de tutelar el proceso e identificar oportunidades y conflictos.
En el taller “Common Extra House (+Urban Life) Lab” (Arquitectura, UA, 2013-2014), se han diseñado dispositivos de participación para que la toma de
decisiones del proyecto de arquitectura resulte compartida y que funcionan como laboratorios y/o mesas de encuentro diseñadas para obtener datos sociológicos
relevantes. A la vez, el Grupo de Investigación “Viceversos Socioarquitectónicos” de la UA ha diseñado una herramienta para valorar y posicionar los proyectos respecto a unos indicadores, cuyos resultados se exponen aquí.
La comunicación trata del contexto en el que emerge esta nueva metodología y reflexiona acerca de la conveniencia de incorporar las nuevas prácticas sociotécnicas en la educación del arquitecto.

In order to democratize the design process and supervise the neutrality of the interaction of agents, experts in participatory and social dynamics are been progressively included in teams, to help with the identification of opportunities and controversies.
Students from workshop “Common Extra House (+Urban Life) Lab” (Architecture, UA, Spain, 2013-2014) have designed participatory tools for the community decisions needed in contemporary architectural projects, working as laboratories or workbenches designed to obtain sociological data. At the same time, Research Group “Viceversos Socio-arquitectónicos” has developed a tool to be applied in the workshop in order to observe and evaluate all architectural productions.
The paper ends up focusing on the need to debate about the incorporation of new sociological methods and tools in architectural education.
Lo doméstico a través del disfrute: estudiantes de arquitectura experimentan sus casas
Authors: Sepulcre Bernad Jaime Francisco , Silanes Calonge Andrés
Published: November 2017

Los cursos realizados plantean una experiencia de múltiples aproximaciones sobre el fenómeno del ocio en el ámbito de lo doméstico. Lo que nos proponemos es cuestionar y movilizar nuestros comportamientos e intervenir sobre las posibilidades del disfrute en el hogar. En concreto nos preguntamos cómo los comportamientos cotidianos -tan automatizados- pueden convertirse en
momentos y en experiencias que adquieran otra significación y otra dimensión. Sin olvidar que el ocio es descanso y diversión, creemos que debemos
profundizar también en un concepto más vinculado a la satisfacción y la autorrealización.
La asignatura está pensada para que el alumno que está empezando a proyectar experimente en primera persona que una mirada profunda y una actividad intensa sobre su propio espacio doméstico son capaces de desrrutinizar la vida cotidiana e introducir múltiples variables de transformación que recualifiquen la vida en el hogar. El estudiante se convierte así en un habitante prosumer que experimenta y transforma el entorno en el que vive.

Taken courses pose a multiple approach experience to the leisure phenomenon in the domestic scope. We aim to challenge and mobilize our behaviors and to intervene on the possibilities of enjoyment at home. Particularly we ask how the everyday automated behaviors can become moments and experiences that acquire another meaning and another dimension. Not forgetting that leisure is
relax and fun, we believe that we should also deepen on a concept linked to satisfaction and self- accomplishment.
The subject is planned for novice design students to experience that a deep look and an intense activity on their own domestic spaces are able to unroutinize everyday life and introduce multiple transformation terms to requalify life at home. The student thus becomes a prosumer inhabitant who is both experimenting and transforming his home environment.
Apuntes tutelados: un apoyo a la docencia
Authors: Pérez Barreiro Sara , Villalobos Alonso Daniel
Published: November 2017

Para facilitar el aprendizaje a los alumnos establecemos un
sistema llamado Apuntes Tutelados que guían al alumno tanto en la clase teórica como en el estudio de la asignatura.

To facilitate learning students establish a system called Tutored Notes to guide the student in both the classroom and in the theoretical study of the subject.
Proemio arquitectónico
Authors: Palacios Aguilar José del Carmen
Published: November 2017

En literatura el proemio antecede al texto; en arquitectura se intenta explicar la idea de la arquitectura antes de entregar conocimientos y teorías sobre la misma. El
proemio es un paseo previo hacia la arquitectura, entendemos el proemio como un “promenade architecturale”. Tratamos de incentivarlos desde el observar (prestar atención), nos interesa formarles también una conciencia moral y ética que los resguarde en la labor personal y profesional. La mesa de crítica también es un espacio fundamental en el apoyo de su formación; allí se trabajan las ADP (Analogías Didácticas Pedagógicas) estructuras ligadas a su lenguaje comunicacional y corporal.
Los ejercicios están basados en la construcción de artefactos y se incentiva el trabajo en equipo y promovemos la co-evaluaciòn. Hacemos de los dos niveles (nivel I y II) un taller vertical. Con las conclusiones culmina su etapa formativa y es así como comienza su atención silenciosa de la arquitectura en los talleres de
diseño verticales.

In literature the preface precedes the text; in architecture is how to explain the idea of architecture before provide knowledge and complex theories about it. The preface
is a preliminary ride for the architecture; understand the preface as "promenade architecturale". We try to encourage them from observing how we train them are also
interested in a moral and ethical awareness that can protect your personal and professional work. The critic-table is also a fundamental support of its training space; we are working the ADP (Pedagogical Analogies Teaching), which are related to their communication and body language structures. The exercises are based on the
construction of artifacts encouraging teamwork. We make the two levels (level I and II) a vertical workshop. With the findings concludes its formative stage and so begins
his silent attention in vertical design workshops.
El puzzle: una metodologia d’aprenentatge de la teoria per a grups grans
Authors: Solà-Morales Serra Pau de
Published: November 2017

L'aprenentatge d'algunes matèries teòriques requereix, per part de l’estudiant, una bona dosi de lectura de texts i literatura especialitzada, i una contínua interacció entre alumnes i professor. Aquest és el cas de la "Teoria de
l'arquitectura", on l'objectiu perseguit (resultat d’aprenentatge) és llegir i comprendre textes de teoria, i ser capaç d’escriure texts crítics. Tanmateix, aquesta dinàmica és molt difícil d’implementar a l’aula, si no impossible, en assignatures amb grans grups d’alumnes.
La metodologia del puzzle ofereix una solució a la problemàtica d’ensenyar i aprendre aquesta matèria teòrica en grups grans (de més de 60 participants).
Aquesta tècnica s’ha posat en pràctica al curs 2013-14 a l’assignatura “Teoria de l’Arquitectura” de l’ETS d’Arquitectura de la URV. S’ha d’avaluar amb cura, però
el resultat és de una satisfacció força elevada dels participants, i una forta confiança en que l’aprenentatge ha estat de qualitat.

Learning some theoretical subjects requires, on the side of the student, a large amount of text and literature readings, and a continuous interaction between students and teacher. This is the case of the "Theory of architecture" course, where the goals (learning outcomes) is “to read and understand theory texts”, and “to be able to write critical texts”. However, this dynamic is very difficult to
implement in the classroom, if not impossible, in courses with large enrollment. The methodology of the puzzle offers a solution to the problem of teaching and learning this theoretical subject in large groups (over 60 participants). This technique has been implemented during the 2013-14 academic year at the School of Architecture at the URV. Although they must be evaluated with care, the results are a high satisfaction of the participants, and a strong confidence that the quality of learning was good.
Trabajar con desconocidos
Authors: García Triviño Francisco , López Ujaque José Manuel , Soriano Peláez Federico , Urzáiz González Pedro
Published: November 2017

La experiencia “Trabajar con desconocidos” es un formato de trabajo en equipo entre estudiantes, que siendo estos siempre de diferentes procedencias culturales, están invitados a trabajar a lo largo del curso académico con un
compañero que desconocen. Un ejercicio que investiga el conocimiento implícito de aprender nuestra cultura arquitectónica mediante la comparación con otra
totalmente ajena.
Esta experiencia, desarrollada por la UD Soriano de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid junto a cinco universidades internacionales, apuesta por formas de trabajo externas a la propia universidad. Formas de trabajo que se presentan en la disciplina de la arquitectura como un reto sobre el trabajo en equipo, y no solo con miembros que se conocen entre sí, que es lo que sucede
habitualmente en las asignaturas taller como en Proyectos Arquitectónicos, sino con miembros realmente desconocidos entre sí, personas ajenas a nuestra cultura o afecciones intelectuales. La enseñanza universitaria debe afrontar esta carencia.

“Working with strangers” is an experience of team working between students from different cultural origins, which are invited to work during the course with an unknown partner. It is an exercise that finds out, through the comparison with a totally different culture, the implicit knowledge of learning our own architectural culture.
This experience, developed by the UD Soriano from the Architectural School of Madrid in collaboration with other five international universities, goes for ways of working that are external from university. Ways of working that face a challenge of team working with known partners and also with completely unknown ones. The first ones are so common in the way of teaching Architectural Projects
subjects; the second ones are strange people foreign to our cultural and intellectual affections that will make us doubt and wonder. University education must address this lack.
Charles Correa: transformaciones
Authors: Ferrer Forés Jaime José
Published: November 2017

El maestro de la arquitectura moderna India, Charles Correa (1930-2015) construye una obra moderna enraizada en la tradición y el paisaje cultural de la India. Su obra evoca el imaginario cultural a través de la abstracción, concilia lo local con lo universal y reivindica la identidad india. La arquitectura de Charles Correa es el resultado de una constante transformación de las estructuras profundas del pasado como base del proyecto, desde los principios de adaptación climática, que proceden del legado de la tradición y de la capacidad de adaptación de las sociedades tradicionales, a la reinterpretación de los arquetipos espaciales de los antecedentes históricos que denomina "open-to-sky space" y vertebra mediante el itinerario procesional "the ritualistic pathway" que enfatiza la percepción dinámica de la organización espacial, la sensación procesional del itinerario y la noción de expectativa, que intensifica la experiencia espacial mediante los propileos, y de culminación a través de los recintos y las plataformas resonantes de su propio entorno.

The master of Indian modern architecture Charles Correa
(1930-2015) built a modern work rooted in the tradition
and the cultural landscape of India. His work evokes the
cultural imagination through abstraction, reconciles the
local with the universal and defends the Indian identity.
The architecture of Charles Correa is the result of a
constant transformation of the deep structures of the past
as the basis of the project from the principles of climate
adaptation to the reinterpretation of spatial archetypes of
the historical background.
De los Silencios en el Jardín Seco Japonés
Authors: Soler Masota Paz
Published: November 2017

El término

Karesansui

alude a un género singular de jardines

japoneses compuesto de rocas, gravilla y arena, con obras

artísticas tan sublimes como el renombrado Ryoan-ji.

De gestos entrelazados sobre el silencio, el jardín genera una

comunión plástica con quien lo contempla: emplazado ante

un escenario donde la Naturaleza representa el devenir de las

estaciones, el hombre es confrontado con la emoción de su

propia existencia efímera.

Umbral de estos silencios es la tenue huella de la autoría del

artista, consciente y humilde reconocimiento de la condición

humana. Y así también el jardín, urgido de renovación constante

para sobreponerse a su natural declive, se revela como

inacabado e imperfecto, solemnizando con ello un método de

medición del tiempo en el que lo único permanente es el cambio.

De ahí que el jardín renuncie silente a la geometría, para hilar

con asimetría y vacío el más refinado equilibrio en expresión de

infinitud. Y la anti-representación configurando el cuarto silencio:

la abstracción como encarnación del valor intrínseco del motivo,

de su esencia misma, de su existencia metafísica.

Merced a sus silencios, el visitante ingresa en la apreciación del

jardín que lo acoge como su huésped temporal en un espacio

que, no obstante su carácter impermanente, nos procura,

espectadores transeúntes como somos del mismo, un sorbo de

eternidad.

The term Karesansui alludes to a particular genre of

Japanese gardens composed by rocks, gravel and sand.

Through gestures interlaced upon silence, the garden

yields a plastic communion vis-à-vis its beholder:

confronted to a stage where Nature depicts the transient

passage of seasons, man is faced with the emotion of its

own ephemeral existence.

Threshold of these silences is the pale trace of the artist’s

authorship, conscious and humble recognition of human

condition. And so the garden, urged of persistent renewal

to overcome its natural decline, reveals itself as never

ending and imperfect, thus solemnizing a method to

measuring time when the solely permanent is change.

Hence the place silently renounces to geometry, to weave

asymmetry and void into the utmost refined equilibrium

as expression of infinitude. And the anti-representation

shaping the fourth silence: abstraction as incarnation of

the intrinsic value of the motif, of its true essence, of its

metaphysical existence.

Gifted by its silences, the visitor enters into the

appreciation of a garden which embraces him as its

temporary guest within a space which, notwithstanding

its impermanent condition, procures us its fleeting

beholders with a taste of eternity.
Transcripción, intuición, mediación
Authors: Moreno Hernández Álvaro
Published: November 2017

El artículo indaga en las relaciones entre transcripción e intuición en el trabajo del arquitecto. La interpretación de Oíza sobre la definición de arquitectura dada por Le Corbusier muestra la mediación como forma evidente de relación entre los términos propuestos. Este mediar se convierte así en la misión principal del arquitecto. La consideración de dos ejemplos de viviendas desarrolladas tempranamente por Le Corbusier muestra esta aproximación como un alegato en defensa del papel del arquitecto. La actualidad de este acercamiento permite transponerlo al análisis de obras contemporáneas, como la Maison à Bordeaux de Rem Koolhaas. La diferente consideración por parte de arquitecto e ingeniero que se muestra en faxes de obra respecto a un detalle de la vivienda permite reflexionar en este sentido.

The article explores the relationship between transcription

and intuition in the architect’s work. Oiza’s interpretation

on Le Corbusier’s definition of architecture shows

mediation as obvious form of relationship between the

proposed terms. This mediation becomes the primary

mission of the architect. Consideration of two early

examples of homes developed by Le Corbusier shows

this approach as a plea in defense of the role of the

architect. The current interest of this approach allows to

analyze contemporary works, such as Maison à Bordeaux

by Rem Koolhaas. The different consideration given by

architect and engineer regarding a detail of the housing,

and shown on faxes from work, allows for reflection in this

way.
Doctores en proyectos
Authors: Peñín Llobell Alberto
Published: November 2017

PALIMPSESTO ha realizado un análisis de las tesis de tres

Departamentos de Proyectos (ETSAM, ETSAB-V, ETSAV) leídas durante el último curso académico 2015-2016, en el que se ha producido una oleada sin precedentes en la defensa de trabajos de doctorado

PALIMPSESTO has made an analysis of the wave of thesis that have been defended during the last academic year 2015-2016 in three Departments of Design (ESTAM,

ETSAB-V, ESTAV), due to the changes in regulations.