bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of the installation height of the meat grinder grate with a vertical screw arrangement above the upper edge of the container
Authors: Bogdanov A. V. , Vasilenko K. E.
Published: February 2024

Processing of agricultural products plays an important role in providing food to the population of our country. Therefore, increasing productivity in the processing of raw materials is an urgent task, including in the production of meat products. Thus, in the production of minced meat, the replaceable productivity may decrease due to the loss of time for sanitary and hygienic treatment of premises and equipment, which is provided for by regulatory documents. During the production of minced meat, meat juice can be sprayed on the surrounding objects and walls of the room, which aggravates their sanitary and hygienic treatment. It is possible to eliminate the spraying of meat juice by improving the equipment used for the production of minced meat. To reduce the splashing of meat juice in the production of minced meat, the article proposes a meat grinder with a vertical screw arrangement, for which a patent for a utility model has been obtained. The vertical output of minced meat allows you to limit the spraying within the container for the finished product. At the same time, the distance between the grate of the meat grinder and the container for the finished product should be maximum, but in such a way as to almost completely exclude the ingress of splashes of meat juice outside the container. To determine this distance (the height of the meat grinder installation above the container), the corresponding theoretical prerequisites are proposed on the basis of the developed calculation scheme and the well-known mathematical apparatus. Formulas have been obtained for determining the maximum distance from the clamping nut of the meat grinder to the upper edge of the container, excluding splashes of meat juice outside the container. The maximum distance depends on the geometric dimensions of the grate of the meat grinder and the container for the finished product. A dependence is also derived to determine the minimum diameter of the minced meat container, which excludes the spraying of raw materials beyond its limits. In general, the proposed design of the meat grinder and the justification of its parameters will significantly reduce the spraying of meat juice on surrounding objects. This will reduce the time for sanitary and hygienic processing and, thereby, increase the shift productivity in the production of minced meat.
Effect of individual packaging to preserve emulsion foods
Authors: Feofilaktova O. V. , Labetsky V. V.
Published: February 2024

The article presents the results of the analysis of the rate of mayonnaise resistance to oxidative poisoning, depending on the combination of polymer films used in doy-pack packaging, and its storage modes. The object of the study was mayonnaise with a mass fraction of fat of 67%. In the course of the studies, packaging with a combination of PET12/PE90 films was used; PET12/PE100; PET12/PE110; PET12/PE120; PET12/PE130; PET12/RE_VBS120; PETp12/PE120; RETFp12/RE_VBS120, including those with a "transparent window". The rate of oxidative poisoning was controlled using the indicator "Peroxide number", the values of which were determined by the standard method for 120 days of storage with a frequency of 15 days. Resistance to oxidative poisoning of mayonnaise was determined in the temperature range from +10 to +15°C; from +15 to +25°С and from +25 to +30°С. The results of the study showed that the resistance of mayonnaise to oxidative poisoning is directly dependent on the thickness of the packaging material - the smaller the thickness of the polyethylene, the higher the peroxide value. The combination of PET12/PE120 films used for packaging mayonnaise is able to ensure compliance with the regulated standards in terms of "Peroxide number" in all three studied temperature ranges with different durations: in the range from +25 to +30°C for 45 days, from +15 up to +25°С - for 60 days, and at a temperature from +10 to +15°С for 90 days. The use of high-barrier materials for packing mayonnaise makes it possible to reduce the intensity of the oxidative poisoning process by a factor of 2 or more and thereby increase its shelf life. The presence of a “transparent window” in the design of the packaging material does not significantly affect the intensity of oxidative processes and the shelf life of mayonnaise.
Glazed curd curds of functional purpose
Authors: Dolmatova O. I. , Krivobokov E. A.
Published: February 2024

Urbech is a traditional Caucasian dish made from oilseeds (hemp, flax, pumpkin) or nuts, usually with the addition of vegetable or melted butter, sugar and honey. Today, Urbech is experiencing a rebirth. This natural product is rightfully referred to as superfood. Flax urbech contains a large amount of fats, proteins and a small amount of carbohydrates. The product can be eaten with a low-carb diet. Flaxseed urbech has an increased mass fraction of linoleic and linolenic acids, is rich in vitamins and minerals. The object of the study is glazed cottage cheese with golden flax and apricot jam, raw materials for its production. In the course of scientific work, the optimal ratio of the components of the filling, curd base and glaze was selected. The production of glazed curd curds formed in the form of a cylinder with a core filling in the center was carried out. Studies of the product on organoleptic, physico-chemical and microbiological parameters were carried out. As a comparison sample (control), glazed curd cheese with vanilla, developed according to traditional technology, was studied. The reduced caloric content of glazed curd cheese with urbech and apricot jam was established in comparison with the control sample. Since the composition of the cheese contains prescription components capable of binding moisture, the moisture-retaining ability was additionally determined by the Grau-Hamm gravimetric method in the modification of A.A. Alekseev. A high moisture-retaining ability of the product was found, which allows the cheese to maintain a stable shape throughout the entire shelf life and increase its shelf life by 25%.
Study of quality indicators of sour cream products enriched with extracts of tea drinks
Authors: Dolmatova O. I. , Glebovskaya T. Y.
Published: February 2024

The decline in household income against the backdrop of rising food prices has led to a decrease in their demand. Among fermented milk products, the smallest deviation in purchasing demand can be noted for sour cream. It is possible to reduce the cost of this product line by producing sour cream products. The use of herbal prescription components in sour cream products allows you to expand their range, adjust properties, and give a functional focus. Tea extracts are used as natural dyes and flavors, structure-forming additives. Biologically active substances of tea raw materials and products of its processing exhibit various types of physiological activity: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, vasoconstrictive action, etc. To give sour cream products a pleasant color and improved taste properties, it is of interest to use extracts of green tea and hibiscus tea drink. Studies of the obtained sour cream products have been carried out. The mass fraction of the introduced extracts was determined by evaluating the total significance coefficient for the following indicators: harmony of taste; consistency; color. The optimal dosage of green tea extracts and hibiscus tea drink is 10%. Flavor components (a mixture of cinnamon and sugar), a stabilizer were additionally added to the composition of sour cream products. The products were stored at a temperature of 4±2 ºС, the organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological parameters of the latter were studied. Viscosity studies were carried out in the control and test samples. It has been established that the samples of sour cream products have a high viscosity index, well restore the structure after mixing. Sour cream products with extracts of tea drinks can be consumed as an independent product, as well as a prescription ingredient for baked goods.
Investigation of bitter taste masking in the development of functional beverages based on sedative collection
Authors: Berketova L. V.
Published: February 2024

The article considers the possibility of masking bitter taste in the development of a functional drink based on sedative collection and juices: grape and cherry, used as masking agents. Sensory studies were conducted on the formulation of the proposed beverages. In the study, respondents were asked to analyze samples with cherry and grape juices without added sugar with successively decreasing concentrations of sedative levy from 25 to 5%, then samples with added sugar and answer the question whether an unpleasant bitter taste and herbal aroma were present and at which sample the bitter taste ceased to be felt. The findings showed that the addition of sugar to the beverages altered the taste perception thresholds in the direction of increasing the concentration of the sedative collection decoction. Without the addition of sugar, the bitter taste ceases to be perceived at 15% of the functional additive using grape juice and at 20% using cherry juice. With the addition of sugar, the bitter taste was no longer felt at 20% of the functional additive with grape juice and 25% with cherry juice. Studies were conducted to identify the associative series: regarding with which fruit/berry the flavor of the beverage in general is associated. When analyzing the obtained results it was revealed that respondents accurately associated the samples of the row with cherry juice with cherry aroma (88%), when using grape juice 31% of respondents associated with strawberry aroma and 25% with cranberry aroma. As a result of the behavioral study it can be concluded that when developing a functional drink enriched with sedative collection it is possible to use cherry and grape juices with the concentration of functional ingredient 5 - 20% with the discretion of adding 5% in each flavor range
The rate of temperature increase in the inner layers of meat products during heat treatment in steam-air environments
Authors: Smagina M. N. , Smagin D. A.
Published: February 2024

Studies have been conducted to study the rate of temperature increase in the subcortical and central layers of meat products with a different ratio of moisture/fat content when heated in steam-air environments. Skinless chicken fillet (wet fat- free sample) was selected as the objects of research SBI, humidity – 74.5%, fat content – 1.4%) and the meat of the shoulder part of the pork carcass (low-moisture, greasy sample), humidity – 55.1%, fat content - 29.4%). The products were molded in the form of a one-dimensional cylinder and plate. Heating was carried out in an environment of dry air and a vapor–air mixture with a moisture content of 80-85% at coolant temperatures of 160 ... 240 °С. Measurements were carried out in the subcortical layer (upper moist) and in the center (inner moist). The general rates of temperature increase in the studied layers are determined, the observed patterns are described. For a more complete description, the process was divided into periods of heating and bringing to readiness; a variant of separation by heating rate was selected, which was carried out based on the results of an analysis of changes in excess temperature over time. To analyze the presented data, the ratios of the rates of temperature increase were calculated depending on the type of coolant and the sample. It is shown that the rate of temperature increase increases with an increase in the temperature of the coolant at both treatment periods for all the studied variants. At the initial stage, a higher rate of temperature increase is observed when heated in a vapor–air mixture (due to the predominant heat transfer due to condensation), at the main stage - in the air (due to the predominant heat transfer due to convection). For the subcortical layer, at the initial stage, a higher temperature increase is observed for the low-moisture, greasy sample, at the main stage – for the wet fat- free sample (due to the evaporative capacity of the material). For the center, a higher increase is observed for the wet fat- free sample in both periods (due to the inhibitory effect of the fat melt of the low-moisture, greasy sample).
Dynamic properties of butadiene styrene rubbers with layered silicates
Authors: Gilmutdinov A. F. , Akmyradow A. A. , Antonov V. A. , Ibragimov M. A. , Zinovjeva E. G.
Published: February 2024

In our study, modification of SBR-1705 butadiene styrene latex using a variety of bentonite clay variants was carried out Among them were domestic sodium bentonite, domestic bentonite pretreated with surfactants (surfactants), as well as organoclays based on foreign layered silicates and also treated with surfactants at the coagulation stage with subsequent rubber release. Further, within the framework of our study, we carried out a detailed comparative study of physical and mechanical properties of rubbers produced using modified butadiene-styrene rubbers. We considered rubbers containing different variants of bentonite, including both domestic origin and imported bentonite. The dynamic properties of these rubbers, including elastic modulus and mechanical loss angle tangent, were analyzed using dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DTMA). The study found that the rubber samples containing PT clay and Cloisite 30B showed a 20% reduction in mechanical loss tangent within the operating temperature range. This indicates an improvement in the mechanical properties of the rubber under a variety of operating conditions. In addition, rubber samples containing imported layered silicates and treated with surfactants exhibited increased strength both before and after thermo-oxidative aging at 150°C. These results emphasize the importance of silicate and surfactant composition selection in developing rubbers with improved mechanical properties and durability. The findings of this study have important implications for industry and academia, emphasizing the role of proper bentonite selection and processing in creating rubbers with optimal performance for a variety of applications
Investigation of the effect of ultrasonic exposure on polymer solutions in the production of biodegradable packaging materials
Authors: Astakhov V. A. , Gubanova M. I.
Published: February 2024

One of the options for improving the structure and properties of films obtained from polymer solutions is ultrasonic exposure to solutions of various chemical nature. The use of this effect on polymer solutions with various additives and agents showed not only an improvement in physical and mechanical properties, but also antibacterial properties, which contributed to an increase in the shelf life of food products. The main components of the compositions whose studies are presented in scientific articles were: polyvinyl alcohol, proteins and pullulan, they were mixed with various additives and agents, with different duration of exposure to ultrasonic treatment of solutions. The studied compositions had the following compositions: polyvinyl alcohol and hemicellulose with an antioxidant agent of tea; polyvinyl alcohol, sodium-carboxymethyl cellulose, zinc oxide nanoparticles, as well as multilayer graphene nanoplates; polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan; fish scale collagen, polyvinyl alcohol and potassium sorbate; egg white; quinoa protein and chitosan; pea protein; rice protein hydrolysate and chitosan; whey protein hydrolysate; aqueous soy extract with bee wax and essential oil of cloves; oat protein with pullulan and nizin; pullulan with the addition of nanoemulsion with cinnamon essential oil; pullulan and trehalose with tea polyphenols saturation. Some of the films made from these formulations were tested on food products such as strawberries, apples, pears and cupcakes. Based on the considered scientific data, it can be concluded that in order to improve the properties of films from polymer solutions, it is necessary to have an optimal time of ultrasound exposure to solutions, since longer ultrasonic exposure can worsen the physical and mechanical properties, namely, to reduce the tensile strength and elongation at break, in contrast to moderate exposure.
Study of the efficiency of electromembrane separation of technological solutions of treatment facilities of RKS-Tambov
Authors: Abonosimov O. N. , Lazarev S. I. , Hrebtova M. A. , Polyansky K. K. , Kotenev S. I. , Lazarev D. S.
Published: February 2024

Improving industrial waste treatment processes is associated with solving environmental problems that involve saving consumed environmental resources and reducing the volume of waste disposed of in it. Both are achieved through the introduction of low-waste technologies with the ability to extract valuable components and use purified water in the recycling cycle, among which electro-membrane technologies occupy a worthy place. The paper considers the possibility of using electromembrane separation in the treatment of technological solutions of treatment facilities of RKS-Tambov. In order to study the influence of the parameters of the separation process on the main kinetic characteristics, experimental studies of the specific productivity and retention coefficient of MGA-95 and OPMN-P membranes were carried out during the separation of technological solutions from PO43- phosphate ions. Criteria-based dependences for calculating the specific productivity and retention coefficient in the electromembrane separation of process solutions containing phosphate ions are proposed for use. The calculation of the economic efficiency of the technological scheme of wastewater treatment of RKS-Tambov using an electromembrane apparatus was carried out and its profitability was assessed. The profitability index will be 1.703, that is, more than 1, which is considered a profitable business. High rate and profitability of products. The payback period of the project is 2 years, which should be considered a good indicator, that is, after 2 years, the monetary resources invested in the project will return to economic circulation. The calculated payback period can presumably be reduced, since we have not indexed the price of the concentrate to inflation.
Reliability of Veterinarians routine Cattle meat inspection tool on Specific identification of Cysticerci in bovine muscle tissue
Authors: RUTAGANIRA Joseph , GLAMAZDIN Igor
Published: February 2024

Cysticercus bovis and macroscopic Sarocysts detected from bovine meat look similar and specific identification of each of these cysts is important for addressing proper preventive, and control measures of tCysticercosis and Sarcocystosis diseases.Therefore, it is sometimes a challenge for Vets to distinguish these two species of parasites during their daily routine meat inspection using traditional methods. Cysticerci and Sarcocysts are responsible of Bovine Cysticercosis and Cattle Sarcocystosis respectively. These Veterinarians can sometimes make errors in identification of these two parasitic species from Cattle meat muscle tissues. The study was conducted from Abattoir in Russian Federation with intention of the problem addressed confirmation. During laboratory experimental examination, it was confirmed that out of 20 cattle muscles tissues sampled from 20 infected bovines reported to contain cysticerci parasites, 5 out of them were Sarcocysts. Therefore, it is obvious for veterinarians to make errors during their routine cattle meat inspection due to the morphological behaviour of these organisms.
Overview of drum mixer designs suppressing segregation of bulk mixture
Authors: Borodulin D. М. , Sukhorukov D. V. , Suvorova Y. P.
Published: February 2024

The mixing process is used in various areas of production to produce different types of bulk mixtures. These include agricultural mixtures, semi-finished products, bone cements and others. This process is the movement of particles of bulk material components in the space of the working capacity. Mixers of various types are used to set the components of the mixture in motion. One of the most common types of mixers are drum mixers. The main challenge that must be addressed when developing a mixer design is to reduce the segregation that occurs when mixing two or more components of a mixture. Segregation is associated with different particle sizes and densities of the various components. The object of the study is the designs of drum mixers developed in the last decade. All considered designs are divided into three groups, differing in the method of eliminating segregation. The subject of the study is the design features of these mixers. The results of the work were the determination of the most suitable method for eliminating segregation - the use of additional mixing elements in the center of segregation of the mixture, and based on this method, the development of two new designs of drum mixers. The first mixer with sectional radial separators allows you to repeatedly separate the mixture and move the particles of its components relative to each other. This allows you to reduce the degree of segregation of the mixture. The second mixer developed not only extends the residence time of the mixture particles in the drum, but also allows for the creation of crossing and recirculating flows of material. This also helps reduce or prevent segregation.
Modeling of fish products with dietary supplements
Authors: Vasyukova A. T. , Kusova I. U. , Edvars A. R. , Vadovsky I. K. , Sharova T. N. , Dzhаbоеvа A. S.
Published: February 2024

In the process of research the questions of combining lean fish species with products of animal and vegetable origin, mutually complementing the amino acid composition of the finished product, which meets the chemical composition of the daily ration of the main variant of the diet prescribed in the treatment of non-infectious diseases, in particular type 2 diabetes mellitus, were considered. The main raw material for making soufflé, omelet and casserole was fresh-frozen pollock fish with additives of vegetable powders: freeze-dried dill, parsley and paprika, and onion, orange and yellow carrots, milk, butter and chicken egg were used as vegetable and animal raw materials. For heat treatment we chose gentle methods and modes of heat treatment: baking in a combi steamer on the mode "steam" and "heat". On the basis of modeling of the recipe components taking into account their biological value, new taste qualities of soufflé, casserole and omelet stuffed with the addition of powdered additives and vegetables that perform an additional structuring role were obtained. As a control were soufflé, omelette and casserole prepared according to the traditional recipe available in the regulatory documentation. Dependencies of raw and heat-treated products and their influence on the structure of soufflé and omelette were revealed. Sensory characteristics of new dishes taking into account the processing in a combi steamer are obtained. The parameters of technological processes at baking on a mode "steam" and "heat" at temperature 180-200 ℃ are established. The dependences of milk, eggs and butter on the binder components of the formulation - rice flour and powdered vegetable additives have been revealed. The factors that are fundamental in the manufacture of products intended for the OVD (diabetic) diet are substantiated. The obtained model composition of the formulations of fish soufflé, "Fish baked under egg and milk sauce" and omelet stuffed "Smile" meets the requirements, regulatory documentation and consumer preferences.
Amount of damaged starch in laboratory and production grinding flour
Authors: Meleshkina E. P. , Kolomiets S. N. , Zhiltsova N. S.
Published: February 2024

Due to the different approach to the Russian and European flour milling process in Russia, the amount of damaged starch (SC) at flour mills is rarely controlled. This issue needs a comprehensive study, since the indicator of damaged starch is of great importance: its assessment allows determining the intended purpose of flour (bread baking, confectionery and pasta production). Manage the flour-grinding process in terms of monitoring the operation of the mill rolls during grinding, namely, checking their parallelism and wear, optimizing the gap and pressure. Flour with a high content of damaged starch should not be used for the same purpose as flour with a low content of damaged starch. Also, the assessment of the damaged starch index allows improving the dough yield by selecting the optimal water absorption coefficient (water absorption), optimizing the volume, color and shelf life of the finished flour products. At the initial stage, the purpose of the study was to identify the relationship between the amount of damaged starch and flour quality indicators, as well as the rheological properties of dough from laboratory flour and industrial grinding, and to further clarify the level of damaged starch on a large number of samples of flour of different quality according to its intended purpose. The available literature data on this issue are contradictory. The amount of damaged starch in flour was determined on a damaged starch analyzer. The following were also determined: the quantity and quality of gluten, the falling number, dough stability, liquefaction, water absorption of 20 samples of wheat flour of laboratory and industrial grinding. The results of the study showed that the amount of damaged starch in industrial milled flour was higher, and amounted to 20-27 UCD (average 24 UCD) versus 15-21 (average 18 UCD) in laboratory milled flour. A correlation was found only in industrial milling flour between damaged starch and the falling number (0.632), liquefaction (0.781) and water absorption (0.690). In industrial flour, with an increase in the amount of damaged starch, there was an increase in water absorption and liquefaction of the dough, which is consistent with the literature data; there was no clear decrease in dough stability. In the flour of laboratory grinding, the dependences between the indicators are insignificant.
Analysis of water consumption in technological processes of grain processing for alcohol
Authors: Turshatov M. V. , Kononenko V. V. , Ledenev V. P. , Krivchenko V. A. , Solovyev A. O. , Nikitenko V. D.
Published: February 2024

The article deals with the issues of water consumption in the production of ethyl alcohol from grain raw materials. The data on its demand for technological needs (for preparing a batch), as a refrigerant, for steam generation, for household needs are given. It is shown that water in specific terms is the most voluminous raw material resource (up to 1600 m3/1000 decaliters), but at the same time it is practically not consumed as a reagent for technological purposes. The analysis of options for the reuse of water was carried out and the possibility of reducing its consumption to 200 m3/1000 decaliters was shown, due to the repeated use of cooling water, by introducing a circulating water supply system, constant circulation of water through the cooling towers, where it is cooled. It is also noted the possibility of complete exclusion of water in the cooling processes through the use of "dry" cooling towers. In this case, the circulation of the refrigerant (for example, ethylene glycol) is carried out in a closed cycle. The relevance of using a single water flow for sequential cooling of semi-products is also shown: fermenting and saccharified wort, boiled mass using efficient heat exchangers of a spiral, plate type. An example is given of reducing water consumption for steam generation by reusing "conditionally clean" steam condensate formed in systems of "dull" heating of semi-finished products. An analysis was made of reducing the consumption of water for the preparation of the mixture due to the processing of raw materials in conditions of high concentrations and the reuse of the stillage filtrate. In addition to saving heat and energy resources, this reduces the volumes of formed stillage and industrial effluents. As a result, the costs of their processing and purification are reduced. A list of measures has been proposed that will reduce water consumption by 10 or more times and increase the profitability of alcohol production by 2–2.5%.
Features of the organization of rational nutrition of students during mass physical culture and sports
Authors: Pitkin V. A. , Simonova A. E.
Published: February 2024

This article explores the problem of proper nutrition in the life of a modern student leading an active lifestyle. This problem is especially relevant at the present time, because the modern student has become even more purposeful and active. And this means that at the moment, proper nutrition of young people is the most important problem that needs to be addressed. Consider the basics of nutrition in physical education and sports, and analyze the nutritional requirements of students involved in physical education and sports. The article also substantiates the need for a balanced diet when playing sports, and reveals the features of the organization of the diet, depending on the intensity of physical activity. Based on the assessment of the frequency of consumption of vital foodstuffs, the diet of КubGТU students is analyzed. The study involved 60 students aged 20 to 22 years. The following results were obtained: the nutrition of the majority of students is irrational, with insufficient consumption of healthy food. In most cases, fast food products are popular. The conducted study of the relationship between nutrition, working capacity and lifestyle characteristics of students convinces us that violations of healthy eating habits negatively affect the degree of working capacity and increase the likelihood of bad habits. All this indicates a low culture of proper nutrition and the need for special events that highlight this issue. Proper nutrition is an integral part of a healthy lifestyle, and is especially important for people who lead an active lifestyle and play sports. Failure to follow a proper diet can lead to reduced physical endurance, a weakened immune system, and even injury during exercise. It is important to understand that each athlete has their own individual nutritional needs, depending on their physiological characteristics, sport, training level and other factors. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an individual diet, taking into account all these factors. For student athletes, it is especially important to follow the right diet in order to maintain their mental and physical tone and achieve high results both in school and in sports. To do this, it is necessary to pay due attention to the composition of food, the choice of products and the mode of eating. In addition, it is important to remember to drink enough water, as athletes lose a lot of fluid during training, and water deficiency can lead to dehydration, reduced physical endurance and other health problems. Our study determined the diet of student athletes based on data obtained from the survey.
Urgensi Peraturan tentang Keharusan Persalinan di Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan di Kecamatan Astambul
Authors: Abdi Muhammad Mahendra , Fitriah Nikmah , Zulliati Zulliati
Published: February 2024

Persalinan yang diharuskan dilakukan di Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan yang berada Kecamatan Astambul” adalah adanya gejala di masyarakat yang belum mengetahui dan memahami ketentuan pemerintah tentang melakukan persalinan di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, padahal, tidak ada manfaatnya suatu peraturan dikeluarkan tanpa partisipasi serta dukungan dari masyarakat untuk melaksanakan sebuah peraturan. Karena suatu peraturan dikeluarkan oleh negara untuk kepentingan dan ketertiban kehidupan masyarakat itu sendiri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti tingkat kepatuhan masyarakat akan ketentuan persalinan yang mengharuskan melaksanakan kelahiran di sarana kesehatan dan juga penelitian ini secara mendalam membahas mengenai faktor apa saja yang menjadi kendala ataupun pendukung masyarakat di Kecamatan Astambul untuk melakukan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian normatif empiris, yaitu melakukan telaah terhadap masalah penerapan peraturan keharusan melakukan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan di kecamatan astambul.
Analysis of Crooked Cane Carrier Shafts in a Sugar Factory
Authors: Puspawarna Rangga Bayu , Fahruddin A’rasy
Published: February 2024

This study explores the deformation of Cane Carrier shafts under overload in sugar mills, pinpointing overload and inadequate maintenance as key culprits. Recommendations include revised load management, rigorous preventive maintenance, and systematic overload monitoring. These strategies promise to reduce shaft damage and enhance mill efficiency, presenting crucial advancements for mechanical engineering and the sugar industry.
Highlight :

Overload and Maintenance: Identifies overload and insufficient maintenance as principal causes of shaft damage.
Preventive Strategies: Recommends enhanced load management and rigorous preventive maintenance to prevent future issues.
Operational Improvement: Proposes regular overload monitoring to improve operational efficiency in sugar mills.

Keywords: Cane Carrier Shaft, Overload Damage, Preventive Maintenance, Operational Efficiency, Load Management
Maintaining Printing Machines at a Textile Company
Authors: Rahmananto Satrio Fajar , Tjahjanti Prantasi Harmi
Published: February 2024

This qualitative research explores the multifaceted applications of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) in East Java, Indonesia. Utilizing interviews, observations, and literature review, the study aims to analyze PVC's utilization across diverse sectors. Results highlight its extensive use in synthetic leather, flooring, and color manufacturing, emphasizing its versatility, chemical resistance, lightweight, and water-resistant properties. Implications underscore the importance of comprehending PVC's role for sustainable development and innovation.
Highlight :

PVC's Versatility: The study showcases PVC's adaptability across various industries, from synthetic leather to flooring, emphasizing its diverse applications.
Sustainable Development: Understanding PVC's role in industrial contexts highlights opportunities for sustainable development and innovation, contributing to environmental conservation efforts.
Qualitative Approach: Utilizing interviews, observations, and literature review, the research offers in-depth insights into the utilization of PVC in East Java, Indonesia.

Keywords: PVC, applications, East Java, Indonesia, qualitative research
Effect of Multiple Factors for the Roadway Excavation Process Stability in FLAC3D
Authors: Danli Li , Bing Dai , Lei Zhang
Published: February 2024

Appropriate simulation set parameters are the precondition to obtain accurate results; while the simulation results are affected by multiple factors, it is thus crucial to investigate the sensibility of different factors. This paper first analyses the application situation of numerical simulation software in the field of geotechnical engineering and finds that Fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in three dimensions (FLAC3D) has been widely used on roadways or tunnels. Then, taking the roadway excavation process as the engineering background, FLAC3D was used to create 171 schemes of different simulation parameters and analyze the influence of different factors on the simulation results. The findings show that there is a considerable difference in the degree of effect of different parameters on the simulation results. Most of the factors have a remarkable effect on the numerical simulation results (displacement and stress), and only some factors (parameter uniformity and density) have almost no effect on the results. Meanwhile, the trend of displacement and stress is opposite in most cases. In addition, some neglected factors can also have a considerable effect on the simulation results, such as the zone amount; therefore, it is necessary to avoid the variation of nonstudy factors as possible when carrying out the numerical simulation. This study may significantly assist concerned engineers and technicians in developing a more organized and thorough grasp of the impacts of various parameters on simulation outcomes.
Unlocking the Potential of Green Infrastructure in Residential Areas: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Authors: Sa Nursah'aidah Md , Yunos Mohd Yazid Mohd , Maulan Suhardi , Ismail Nor Atiah
Published: February 2024

This paper aims to explore the significance of green infrastructure in residential within the urban and suburban areas. Green infrastructure refers to the strategically planned and interconnected network of natural and semi-natural areas, such as parks, gardens, and green spaces, designed to provide multiple environmental, social, and economic benefits. This study investigates the various aspects of green infrastructure and evaluates its essentiality in the context of neighbourhood area. By examining the advantages and challenges associated with the implementation of green infrastructure, this paper seeks to provide insights into the importance of incorporating green spaces in residential areas for sustainable urban development. We can conclude that incorporating green infrastructure in the residentials area is essential for sustainable urban development. It provides a roadmap for policymakers, urban planners, and developers to create greener and more liveable residential environments in our region.
Investigating the effect of novel flushing parameters in RT-RW-EDM of Al-SiCmicro-SiCnano hybrid composite using ANN and PSO.
Authors: Arif Umair , Khan Imtiaz Ali , hasan Faisal
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a novel variant of electrical discharge machining (EDM) called Rotary tool-Rotary workpiece EDM (RT-RW-EDM), (along one axis) which enhances the flushing conditions during the machining process. The study focuses on investigating the effects of tool rotation, workpiece rotation, and tool shape as process parameters on material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR) and Surface roughness (SR). A full factorial L27 orthogonal array for the design of experiments. Copper tool and Al-10%SiCmicro-2%SiCnano workpiece were used. 27 workpiece samples were prepared by powder metallurgy. The results showed that tool rotation had a significant impact on MRR and TWR and was the most contributing factor in MRR and TWR while the second most contributing factor in surface roughness (SR). The best MRR and minimum TWR were achieved at zero rpm tool rotation, while the minimum SR was observed at 500 rpm tool rotation. Workpiece rotation was the second-best contributing parameter affecting MRR, TWR, and the least contributing parameter for SR. The best MRR and minimum SR were achieved at 800 rpm of workpiece rotation, while the minimum TWR was observed at 900 rpm of workpiece rotation. Tool shape was found to be the least contributing factor in both MRR and TWR but the most contributing factor in SR. The slotted shaped tool provided the highest MRR, simple shaped tool provided the lowest TWR, and the least SR. Additionally, the interaction between tool rotation and workpiece rotation was found to be the most contributing factor for MRR. The study used artificial neural networks (ANN) and particle swarm optimization for predictive modelling and optimization of the results. The desirability function analysis showed that the best performance measures in terms of max MRR, minimum TWR, and SR were obtained at 500 rpm of tool rotation, 900 rpm of workpiece rotation, and slotted tool shape. This research contributes to the development of EDM and highlights the importance of flushing parameters in achieving optimal machining conditions.
Reducing the risks associated with the ingestion of vegetables grown on soils contaminated with trace metal elements through the application of soil amendments: Results of experiments in Lubumbashi/Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Authors: Katebe Félicien Mununga , Colinet Gilles , Kyalamakasa Jean-Marc Kaumbu , Mubemba Michel Mpundu , Jijakli M. Haïssam
Published: February 2024

The expansion of mining companies in the province of Haut-Katanga in general, and in the city of Lubumbashi in particular, is one of the main causes of the very worrying environmental problems facing the city's inhabitants. These problems include contamination of agricultural and residential soils, river and well water, the atmosphere and vegetables. This study evaluates the effectiveness of organocalcareous soil improvers applied to heavy metal-contaminated soils in reducing the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals. Trials were conducted under glass at the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Lubumbashi, using a randomized factorial design with four replications. Treatments included four plant species (Brassica chinensis, Amaranthus vulgaris, Beta vulgaris and Brassica carinata), five levels of amendment (D0: no amendment; D1: 150g sawdust; D2: 150g chicken droppings; D3: 75g sawdust and 15g agricultural lime; D4: 75g chicken droppings and 15g agricultural lime), and three types of urban market gardens (Chem-chem; Manoah Kinsevere and Kashamata). The results reveal that the soil and plant biomass of four vegetables are contaminated with metals, with the daily consumption index of vegetables produced on the soils of the Kashamata garden with low copper contamination exceeding the limits authorized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) for daily vegetable consumption for a person of 60 kilograms body weight. The daily consumption index was not determined due to insufficient biomass linked to high soil contamination, inhibiting plant growth for the market gardens of Manoah Kinsevere and Chem-Chem, soils moderately and highly contaminated with copper, respectively. However, these vegetables remain unfit for human consumption, underlining the need to adopt new soilless production techniques such as conventional hydroponics or bioponics in areas heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities.
Energy Partitioning in Global Marine Sedimentation: Tidal, Geothermal, and Solar Radiation Contributions
Authors: Gao Shu
Published: February 2024

Earth surface sedimentary processes involve the conversion of energy from tidal friction, geothermal heat release, and solar radiation. However, the net power consumption by sediment dynamic processes has received little attention, despite its relevance to the scale and evolution of sedimentary systems. This study aims to integrate the production rates and net power information, associated with rock weathering, biogenic sedimentation (organic particle, biogenic reef, and carbonate detrital sedimentation), continental shelf and coastal sedimentation (estuary and delta, sandy and gravel beach, and tidal flat sedimentation), and deep-sea sedimentation (sediment gravity flow, contour current, and pelagic-hemipelagic sedimentation). The results indicate that, although the oceans currently contain more than half of the global sediment mass, the net power consumed by various sedimentation processes represents only a minute fraction of the total power from their respective energy sources. This can be explained by macroscopic patterns of energy balance, limitations imposed by rock weathering and ecosystem spatial constraints, and the time scales of sedimentary cycling. Moreover, the total volume and temporal evolution of Earth's sediment are controlled by sediment production and removal processes, with the sedimentary record likely reaching its maximum extent, and the majority of sedimentary records having disappeared from surface environments. These analyses highlight a series of scientific questions that require further investigation, such as the energy conversion processes of weathering and biogenic activities, variations and adjustability of sedimentation power budgets, and changes in the completeness of sedimentary records over time.
Prognostic Significance of Disulfidptosis-Related Gene DSTN in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma: Correlation with Immune Cell Infiltration and Cancer Stemness
Authors: Shangguan Zuifei , Yao Yimin , Chen Jiale , chen Ping , Shi Na , Ying Xue , Chen Tingting
Published: February 2024

Backgrounds
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is a highly metastatic cancer that shows resistance to traditional chemoradiotherapy. Disulfidptosis, a newly discovered mechanism of cell death in malignancies, involves the accumulation of intracellular disulfides, leading to rapid cell demise. Identifying disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) in KIRC can provide novel treatment strategies for patients with this disease.
Methods
The 15 DRGs and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) obtained from the KIRC-TCGA database were intersected to identify overlapping genes, and a prognostic model was constructed using Lasso regression analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were conducted to identify independent prognostic factors associated with disulfidptosis. Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival curve was used for prognostic analysis. Co-expression analysis was performed between the screened DRGs and other DRGs to investigate their correlation. The samples in KIRC-TCGA were grouped based on the selected DRGs, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) as well as immune infiltration analysis were performed. Tumor stemness analysis was conducted using the OCLR algorithm, and correlation analysis between the independent prognostic DRGs and the inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of Pazopanib and Sorafenib was performed using ridge regression.
Results
Univariate and multivariate regression analysis indicated that DSTN and FLNA may serve as independent prognostic DRGs for KIRC. In the KIRC-TCGA, FLNA expression was higher in tumor tissues compared with adjacent tissues, whereas DSTN expression was lower in tumor tissues than in adjacent tissues (P < 0.05). KM survival curve demonstrated that high expression of DSTN and FLNA correlated with a higher survival rate. Co-expression analysis revealed positive correlations between DSTN and the expression of FLNA, MYH9, TLN1, MYL6, MYH10, IQGAP1, and CD2AP. Immune infiltration analysis showed that DSTN was positively correlated with endothelial cell infiltration. High expression of DSTN and endothelial cell marker genes were associated with a longer survival period. Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between DSTN expression and stemness scores. Additionally, the IC50 values of Pazopanib and Sorafenib showed a high negative correlation with DSTN expression (0.5≤|ρSpearman|<0.8).
Conclusions
DSTN, as a DRG, had been identified as an independent prognostic biomarker in patients with KIRC. Its expression was closely linked to tumor cell stemness and also correlated with the IC50 of commonly used chemotherapy drugs in KIRC. DSTN holded promise as a meaningful prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target for KIRC.
Model Generalizability Considerations in Development and Evaluation of SaMD
Authors: Leng Ning , Lu Yichen , Fridlyand Jane , Tang Tiffany , Qi Nina Ting , Wei Yingying , Sanchez Rodrigo Rojo , Simon Noah , Alexander Gregory
Published: February 2024

Software as a Medical Device (SaMD) has been transforming medical practices by improving patient care with more precise and timely information. The key capabilities of SaMD are often enabled by Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms. However, notable challenges have been observed in building robust algorithms in SaMD development and evaluation, where it is not unusual for algorithms to show strong performance in the development phase but poor performance when deployed in pivotal validation study. With rapid development in medical research, data from new trials or the real world are very likely to differ from legacy data used for training in many important aspects. Added caution is thus needed to account for such potential differences. In this paper, we will discuss the pitfalls of using conventional cross- validation methods in SaMD algorithm development and its magnitude of overestimation of model performance when heterogeneity is anticipated. To mitigate against overestimation bias performance assessment, we propose a leave-one-set-out (LOSO) cross validation method and discuss best practices in design of the independent validation pivotal study.