bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Plasmodium falciparum small-sized extracellular vesicles on host peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Mwangi Shaban J. , Gwela Agnes , Mwikali Kioko , Bargul Joel L. , Nduati Eunice W. , Ndungu Francis M. , Bejon Philip , Rayner Julian C. , Abdi Abdirahman I.
Published: August 2020

Background: Exagerated immune activation has a key role in the pathogenesis of malaria. During blood-stage infection, Plasmodium falciparum can interact directly with host immune cells through infected red blood cells (PfiRBCs), or indirectly by the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here, we compared the impact of PfiRBCs and P. falciparum small-sized EVs (PfsEVs, also known as exosomes) from a Kenyan clinical isolate (PfKE12) adapted to short-term laboratory culture conditions on host peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).

Methods: PfsEVs were isolated from cell-free culture-conditioned media by ultracentrifugation while mature trophozoite PfiRBCs were purified by magnetic column separation. The PfsEVs and the PfiRBCs were co-cultured for 18 hours with PBMC. Cellular responses were quantified by cell surface expression of activation markers (CD25, CD69) and cytokine/chemokine levels in the supernatant.

Results: Relative to negative control conditions, PfsEVs induced CD25 expression on CD4+, CD19+ and CD14+ cells, while PfiRBCs induced on CD19+ and CD14+ cells. Both PfsEVs and PfiRBCs induced CD69 on CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+ cells. In addition, PfiRBCs induced higher expression of CD69 on CD14+ cells. CD69 induced by PfiRBCs on CD4+ and CD19+ cells was significantly higher than that induced by PfsEVs. Secretion of MIP1α, MIP1β, GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα were significantly induced by both PfsEVs and PfiRBCs whereas MCP-1, IL-10, IL-17α  were preferentially induced by PfsEVs and IP-10 and IFN-γ by PfiRBCs. Prior exposure to malaria (judged by antibodies to schizont extract) was associated with lower monocyte responses to PfsEVs.

Conclusions: PfsEVs and PfiRBCs showed differential abilities to induce secretion of IL-17α  and IFN-γ, suggesting that the former are better at inducing Th17, whilst  the latter induce Th1 immune responses respectively. Prior exposure to malaria significantly reduces the ability of PfsEVs to activate monocytes, suggesting immune tolerance to PfsEVs may play a role in naturally acquired  anti-disease immunity.
The optimization of distribution and transportation costs for common good products
Authors: Putra Fibi Eko , Purba Humiras Hardi , Anggraeni Indah Astri
Published: August 2020

Transportation problems, which concerned in finding the minimum cost of transporting a single commodity from a given number of sources to a given number of destinations, are an integral part of the industrial system that has been around for a long time. The number of potential losses caused by transportation problems has made many parties take initiatives and efforts to solve those problems, usually by designing an optimal distribution model. The current study employs two methods named North West Corner (NWC) and Stepping Stone (SS) method in order to find distribution model with the most optimal costs for common good products. Through this research, the NWC method is utilized to generate initial model or solution, while the SS method is used afterward to find the optimal solution. According to it scheme, the result shows that through the NWC method there was cost reduction of $ 8,301, while the distribution model obtained from the Stepping Stone method resulted in a significant cost increased of $ 307,369. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of single method, namely NWC method, in this study provides much better results than using the combined NWC and Stepping Stone method.
Application of taguchi experiment design to reduce lignin contents of rice straw
Authors: Aprilyanti Selvia , Suryani Faizah , Azhari Azhari
Published: August 2020

The Taguchi experimental design is an experimental design to get the quality of an object by providing the best design at the procurement stage. In this case, the Taguchi design was applied to reduce the contents of lignin from rice straw, where lignin is one of the rice straw components that useless which must be reduced or eliminated. Rice straw is composed of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. The existence of lignin components that become a protective wall will inhibit the activity of cellulose, and hemicellulose for further processing to produce some fermented products such as bio-gas, bio-ethanol, bio-plastics, and others. The process of decreasing lignin content from rice straw is done in ozonolysis. In this study, Taguchi's experimental design analysis was using the application of MINITAB 14 which used for statistical calculation and create a level setting in a tabular form of arrays called orthogonal arrays. The orthogonal array matrix used is L9 (33 ) which states that the process was conducted 9 times with variations of 3 factors and 3 levels. The factors that influence the decrease in lignin levels include sample size, ozone flow rate, and contact time. The results showed that the smallest lignin content was carried out at 80 mesh sample size, the ozone flow rate of 3 L / Min, and contact time for 10 minutes.
Gaming disorder: what doctors need to know
Authors: George Sanju , Griffiths Mark D
Published: August 2020

Playing video games (online or offline) is not a recent phenomenon and for most people it is a leisure activity with no adverse consequences whatsoever. However, for a small minority, gaming has the potential (akin to substance use) to lead on to problematic gaming and gaming disorder. Gaming disorder is a new entry in both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the International Classification of Diseases. Given gaming's ever-growing popularity, GPs, psychiatrists and other doctors will be increasingly likely to come across individuals who present with gaming-related problems. Consequently, this article gives doctors a basic understanding of what gaming disorder is, its presentations in practice and diagnosis, and its treatment.
Stripping torques in human bone can be reliably predicted prior to screw insertion with optimum tightness being found between 70% and 80% of the maximum
Authors: Fletcher James W. A. , Zderic Ivan , Gueorguiev Boyko , Richards R. Geoff , Gill Harinderjit S. , Whitehouse Michael R. , Preatoni Ezio
Published: August 2020

Aims

To devise a method to quantify and optimize tightness when inserting cortical screws, based on bone characterization and screw geometry.

Methods

Cortical human cadaveric diaphyseal tibiae screw holes (n = 20) underwent destructive testing to firstly establish the relationship between cortical thickness and experimental stripping torque (Tstr), and secondly to calibrate an equation to predict Tstr. Using the equation’s predictions, 3.5 mm screws were inserted (n = 66) to targeted torques representing 40% to 100% of Tstr, with recording of compression generated during tightening. Once the target torque had been achieved, immediate pullout testing was performed.

Results

Cortical thickness predicted Tstr (R2 = 0.862; p < 0.001) as did an equation based on tensile yield stress, bone-screw friction coefficient, and screw geometries (R2 = 0.894; p < 0.001). Compression increased with screw tightness up to 80% of the maximum (R2 = 0.495; p < 0.001). Beyond 80%, further tightening generated no increase in compression. Pullout force did not change with variations in submaximal tightness beyond 40% of Tstr (R2 = 0.014; p = 0.175).

Conclusion

Screw tightening between 70% and 80% of the predicted maximum generated optimum compression and pullout forces. Further tightening did not considerably increase compression, made no difference to pullout, and increased the risk of the screw holes being stripped. While further work is needed for development of intraoperative methods for accurate and reliable prediction of the maximum tightness for a screw, this work justifies insertion torque being considerably below the maximum. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(8):493–500.
The safety and efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection for treating early oesophageal carcinoma: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wang HY , Zeng X , Bai SY , Pu K , Zheng Y , Ji R , Guo QH , Guan QL , Wang YP , Zhou YN
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Oesophageal carcinoma is the sixth most lethal cancer in the world. At present, the choice of specific surgical methods is controversial. This study compares the safety and efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection in treating early oesophageal carcinoma.

Methods

We carried out a search of online databases including the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library with no language restrictions. The inclusion criteria were patients with early oesophageal carcinoma who accepted the treatment of endoscopic submucosal dissection compared with endoscopic mucosal resection.

Findings

A total of 1,462 patients with 1,650 lesions from nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. When compared with the endoscopic mucosal resection group, the en bloc resection (endoscopic submucosal dissection 67.94% vs endoscopic mucosal resection 52.78%; odds ratio 19.79, p = 0.000) and complete resection (endoscopic submucosal dissection 75.57% vs endoscopic mucosal resection 59.47%; odds ratio 16.10, p = 0.000) rates were significantly higher in the endoscopic submucosal dissection group, while the local recurrence rate was significantly lower in the endoscopic submucosal dissection group (endoscopic submucosal dissection 0.08% vs endoscopic mucosal resection 2.66%; odds ratio 0.08, p = 0.000). The incidence of complications and procedural time were also tested.
Transoral laser resection of hypopharyngeal liposarcoma
Authors: Savoie A , Lester S
Published: August 2020

Liposarcomas are rare malignant tumours of the connective tissue. Microscopically they resemble lipomas. They are usually found on the limbs or trunk. Fewer than 40 cases of hypopharyngeal liposarcoma have been reported in the literature. Surgical excision with a cervical or endoscopic approach has been the first-line treatment for these cases. We present a patient with the first documented primary excision via carbon dioxide laser using an entirely transoral approach. This case suggests a new standard of management but also highlights the difficulties with investigation and diagnosis in a rare presentation.
McKeown oesophagectomy and pulmonary wedge resection with a prone thoracoscopic and laparoscopic approach: a video report
Authors: Annicchiarico A , Dalmonte G , Morini A , Marchesi F
Published: August 2020

In the past few years, minimally invasive oesophagectomy has become an increasingly popular approach for oesophagectomy showing advantages in terms of fewer postoperative complications, shorter hospital stay and faster recovery. We present the case of a 60-year-old man with a lesion of the distal third of the oesophagus and solid pulmonary nodule who underwent McKeown subtotal oesophagectomy by laparoscopic and thoracoscopic approach in prone position with concomitant thoracoscopic pulmonary wedge resection. The postoperative course was smooth, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 10. The procedure is feasible and safe, and combines better respiratory postoperative outcomes even when associated with other diagnostic or therapeutic lung procedures.
Acute hyperparathyroid crisis: ectopic submandibular parathyroid gland the culprit
Authors: Unais T M , Gangadhar P , Kolikkat N
Published: August 2020

Parathyroid exploration via a focused approach or bilateral neck exploration should be considered in the management of all types of hyperparathyroidism. Eutopic and ectopic, single or multiple glands can pose challenges to the surgeon and available preoperative imaging modalities may not be equally applicable or appropriate in all cases. We report an interesting case of parathyroid surgery where the patient presented with a rare ectopic adenoma in the form of a hyperparathyroid crisis.
On the value of CTIS imagery for neural-network-based classification: a simulation perspective
Authors: Douarre Clément , Crispim-Junior Carlos F. , Gelibert Anthony , Tougne Laure , Rousseau David
Published: August 2020

The computed tomography imaging spectrometer (CTIS) is a snapshot hyperspectral imaging system. Its output is a 2D image of multiplexed spatiospectral projections of the hyperspectral cube of the scene. Traditionally, the 3D cube is reconstructed from this image before further analysis. In this paper, we show that it is possible to learn information directly from the CTIS raw output, by training a neural network to perform binary classification on such images. The use case we study is an agricultural one, as snapshot imagery is used substantially in this field: the detection of apple scab lesions on leaves. To train the network appropriately and to study several degrees of scab infection, we simulated CTIS images of scabbed leaves. This was made possible with a novel CTIS simulator, where special care was taken to preserve realistic pixel intensities compared to true images. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first application of compressed learning on a simulated CTIS system.
Compact multispectral pushframe camera for nanosatellites
Authors: Noblet Yoann , Bennett Stuart , Griffin Paul F. , Murray Paul , Marshall Stephen , Roga Wojciech , Jeffers John , Oi Daniel
Published: August 2020

In this paper we present an evolution of the single-pixel camera architecture, called “pushframe,” which addresses the limitations of pushbroom cameras in space-based applications. In particular, it is well-suited to observing fast-moving scenes while retaining high spatial resolution and sensitivity. We show that the system is capable of producing color images with good fidelity and scalable resolution performance. The principle of our design broadens the choice of spectral ranges that can be captured, making it suitable for wide spectral ranges of infrared imaging.
Experimental study on the performances of second-harmonic dispersion interferometers at 10.6  µm and 1064  nm for plasma density measurements
Authors: Brandi Fernando , Wessel Frank , Lohff Christopher M. , Duff James R. , Haralson Zachary O.
Published: August 2020

Two common-path interferometers based on

C
O

2

and

N
d

:

Y

3

A
l

5

O

12

(Nd:YAG) lasers are benchmarked with a two-arm microwave interferometer on a hydrogen plasma produced by an RF discharge and injected into a large magnetic-confinement vessel. The

∼

10

19

m

−
2

line-integrated electron density is clearly measured in agreement by the interferometers. The frequency spectrum of the measured data is analyzed on the 20 kHz range for all interferometers and up to 600 kHz for the Nd:YAG laser-based interferometer. Mechanical vibration measurements performed on the components of the two common-path interferometers result in a peak-to-peak displacement up to about one and twenty wavelengths for the

C
O

2

and Nd:YAG laser-based interferometers, respectively. Such results set for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a quantitative limit for the displacement that the two second-harmonic dispersion interferometers can sustain while still providing a high sensitivity for accurate plasma density measurements.
Imaging and emission spectroscopy of the submicrosecond plasma generated from copper substrate with nanosecond laser pulses
Authors: Tanski Mateusz , Barbucha Robert , Mizeraczyk Jerzy , Tofil Szymon
Published: August 2020

In this paper, an experimental investigation of the ablation plasma generated from the copper substrate by means of nanosecond laser pulses is presented. We studied the evolution of the ablation plasma in the first 1000 ns after plasma onset using the fast-gated imaging and optical emission spectroscopy methods. Plasma imaging showed that the expansion of the plume front can be described using a so-called drag model, with the expansion limit increasing with laser fluence from 254 µm for

30

J

/

c

m

2

to 375 µm for

67

J

/

c

m

2

. By using the Boltzmann plot and Stark broadening methods, it was found that within the first microsecond after onset, the electron excitation temperature and electron number density decrease from 1.2 eV to 0.8 eV and from

4

×

1

0

16

c

m

−
3

to

5

×

1

0

15

c

m

−
3

, respectively. Using the McWhirter criterion, we confirmed that in the considered time range the plasma remains in a state of local thermodynamic equilibrium.
Tweezing and manipulating the distribution of gold nanorods (GNRs) on a tapered optical fiber to develop a plasmonic structure
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Trevisanutto Joshua O. , Das Gautam
Published: August 2020

A fiber-based plasmonic structure, called a fiber probe, was developed using gold nanorods (GNRs). The distribution of gold nanorods was manipulated using different wavelengths by the phenomenon called optical tweezing. The GNRs are deposited on a tapered fiber surface, which was prepared by etching a multimode fiber. We investigated the physical characteristics of the tapered fiber on the distribution of GNRs. The experimental results based on the developed plasmonic structure as a surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate for the detection of graphite and R6G has been reported. The plasmonic structure was also characterized optically.
Expressions of miR-155 and miR-181 and predictions of their structures and targets in pigs (Sus scrofa)
Authors: Ninsuwon Jirapat , Waiyamitra Pitchaporn , Roongsitthichai Atthaporn , Surachetpong Win
Published: August 2020

Background and Aim: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are responsible for gene expression control at the post-transcription level in many species. Several miRNAs are required in the regulation of immune responses, such as B-cell differentiation, T-cell receptor signaling pathway, CD4+ T cell selection, and so on. Studies on miRNAs have been extensively conducted in humans and mice; however, reports relevant to miRNAs, especially miR-155 and miR-181, in pigs are limited. Consequently, the present study aimed to investigate the structures, target genes, and expressions of miR-155 and miR-181 in various porcine cells and tissues.

Materials and Methods: Five healthy male pigs from a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-negative farm were studied. Before slaughter, blood samples were collected for peripheral blood mononuclear cell isolation. After slaughter, samples of spleen, lymph nodes, and forelimb muscles were collected. Both miR-155 and miR-181 were investigated for their structures with RNAfold web server, for their target genes from three online web servers, and for their expressions using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results: The structures of miR-155 and miR-181 contained hairpins with free energies of –35.27 and –35.29 kcal/mole, respectively. Target gene prediction revealed that miR-155 had perfect complementarity with Socs1 and Mapk3k14, while miR-181 had perfect complementarity with Ddx3x, Nfat5, Foxp1, and Mpp5. PCR showed that both miRNAs were detectable from all investigated cells and tissues. Moreover, the highest expression of both miRNAs was found from the lymph node of the pigs.

Conclusion: Both miR-155 and miR-181 might be involved with the regulation of porcine immune functions as both miRNAs were detected in several cells and tissues of the pigs. In addition, they had very high complementarities with the seed regions of several immune-related genes.
Invasive Colonic Mucormycosis in an Immunocompromised Postliver Transplant Patient
Authors: Aggarwal Pankaj , Patel Harsh , Gonzalez Lisandro , Brown Landon , Agarwal Apeksha , Speeg Kermit
Published: August 2020

Mucormycosis (zygomycosis) is an invasive fungal disease caused by Rhizopus species, most commonly implicated in diabetic ketoacidosis and other immunocompromised states. This report presents a unique case of colonic mucormycosis in a patient several weeks after liver transplant. The patient's course was complicated by polymicrobial infection and intra-abdominal abscesses, ultimately leading to septic shock and death. This case is the first of its kind to describe such malignant abdominal mucormycosis in a solid organ transplant recipient.
Highly Cited Articles in Coronavirus Research
Authors: Ram Shri , Nisha Faizul
Published: August 2020

In this paper, an analysis of 806 highly cited articles was carried out based on the data retrieved from SCOPUS multidisciplinary database on ‘Coronavirus’ research published during 1970-2019 and 2020. The term ‘Coronavirus’ was used to retrieve data from the fields - title, abstract & keyword. Further, an analysis was carried out for the citation life cycle of the highly cited articles, performance of authors, institutions, country, and journals. During the period a total of 18,116 articles published up to 2019; and 1221 articles published in 2020 till 30 March 2020. The articles with more than 100 citations were taken as highly cited articles in coronavirus research. On this basis, there were 806 articles with more than 100 citations and considered for the data analysis. The highly cited articles were mostly published from the USA. The ‘Journal of Virology’ was most productive journal publishing most of the highly cited articles. These highly cited articles were published between 1973 to 2016. The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong was the most productive institute, published most number of highly cited articles. Kwok Yung Yuen from the University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen was the most productive author, who has published most number of highly cited articles. The seven articles had shown ‘sleeping beauty’ characteristics in citation trends.
”Warum noch länger die demütige Magd, die ihrem Herrn die Füße wäscht?“
Authors: Bilic Viktorija
Published: August 2020

Mathilde Franziska Anneke (1817-1884) was one of few women who have shaped German immigrant life in America during the second half of the 19th century. The Forty-Eighter, writer, and educator founded the first German-language Frauenzeitung in the U.S., and her network of correspondents included Susan B. Anthony.  
The article sheds light on Mathilde Anneke as a “new woman” who broke with traditional norms of gender and sexuality. She divorced her first and abusive husband at the age of 20, raising her daughter alone before marrying Fritz Anneke with whom she had more children. This paper focuses on Mathilde's feminist essay Das Weib im Conflict mit den socialen Verhältnissen (1847). This text is a testament to her ideals and values, most of all her life-long fight for women’s rights. In this manifest, Mathilde envisions the “new woman” who would break out of the cage of male supremacy and demand equal rights. While Mathilde Anneke did not live to see the suffragist movement succeed, she made significant contributions to the early feminist movement, and she did so through her writing.
Resolving the Connectome, Spectrally-Specific Functional Connectivity Networks and Their Distinct Contributions to Behavior
Authors: Becker Robert , Hervais-Adelman Alexis
Published: August 2020

The resting human brain exhibits spontaneous patterns of activity that reflect features of the underlying neural substrate. Examination of interareal coupling of resting-state oscillatory activity has revealed that the brain’s resting activity is composed of functional networks, whose topographies differ depending on oscillatory frequency, suggesting a role for carrier frequency as a means of creating multiplexed, or functionally segregated, communication channels between brain areas. Using canonical correlation analysis (CCA), we examined spectrally resolved resting-state connectivity patterns derived from magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings to determine the relationship between connectivity intrinsic to different frequency channels and a battery of over a hundred behavioral and demographic indicators, in a group of 89 young healthy participants. We demonstrate that each of the classical frequency bands in the range 1–40 Hz (δ, θ, α, β, and γ) delineates a subnetwork that is behaviorally relevant, spatially distinct, and whose expression is either negatively or positively predictive of individual traits, with the strongest link in the α-band being negative and networks oscillating at different frequencies, such as θ, β, and γ carrying positive function.
Effects of Different Strategies for Exploiting Genomic Selection in Perennial Ryegrass Breeding Programs
Authors: Esfandyari Hadi , Fè Dario , Tessema Biructawit Bekele , Janss Lucas L , Jensen Just
Published: August 2020

Genomic selection (GS) is a potential pathway to accelerate genetic gain for perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The main objectives of the present study were to investigate the level of genetic gain and accuracy by applying GS in commercial perennial ryegrass breeding programs. Different scenarios were compared to a conventional breeding program. Simulated scenarios differed in the method of selection and structure of the breeding program. Two scenarios (Phen-Y12 and Phen) for phenotypic selection and three scenarios (GS-Y12, GS and GS-SP) were considered for genomic breeding schemes. All breeding schemes were simulated for 25 cycles. The amount of genetic gain achieved was different across scenarios. Compared to phenotypic scenarios, GS scenarios resulted in substantially larger genetic gain for the simulated traits. This was mainly due to more efficient selection of plots and single plants based on genomic estimated breeding values. Also, GS allows for reduction in waiting time for the availability of the superior genetic materials from previous cycles, which led to at least a doubling or a trebling of genetic gain compared to the traditional program. Reduction in additive genetic variance levels were higher with GS scenarios than with phenotypic selection. The results demonstrated that implementation of GS in ryegrass breeding is possible and presents an opportunity to make very significant improvements in genetic gains.
Вплив метеорологічних чинників на радіальний приріст дуба звичайного в умовах свіжих і вологих сугрудів Полісся України
Authors: Ivanyuk Ihor , Fuchylo Yaroslav
Published: August 2020

Встановлено оптимальні параметри метеорологічних чинників, які забезпечують максимальний приріст штучних насаджень дуба звичайного за діаметром в умовах свіжих і вологих сугрудів Центрального Полісся України.
Аналіз залежностей між метеорологічними чинниками і радіальним приростом дерев дуба за період 1946-2018 рр. показав, що незначний позитивний вплив на радіальний приріст виявляють річна сума опадів (r= 0,16), сума опадів за вегетаційний період (r= 0,22) та опади осінніх і зимових місяців попереднього року (r = 0,14). Встановлено, що роки найбільш високих і низьких величин радіального приросту слабо відрізняються за середньомісячними температурами повітря. У той же час встановлено наявність тісного зв’язку індексу ширини річного кільця з показниками гідротермічного коефіцієнта – відношення суми опадів (Р) за вегетаційний період до десятої частини суми температур (t) вище 10°С (ГТК = Р / 0,1∑ t≥10°С). У понад 90% дерев дуба звичайного підвищені прирости з індексом > 80 формуються в роки з гтк від 1,4 до 1,8. За межами цього інтервалу знаходиться зона пригнічення росту дерев зі зниженими індексами радіального приросту.
На основі математичного моделювання залежності між індексом радіального приросту і гідротермічним коефіцієнтом встановлено, що оптимальними для росту деревостанів дуба звичайного є показники ГТК для свіжих і вологих сугрудів, відповідно, 1,65 та 1,62. При цьому, індекс радіального приросту значно більший у свіжому сугруді (125,7 проти 114,8 у вологих умовах), що вказує на більшу чутливість дерев дуба звичайного у свіжому сугруді до зміни погодних умов.
Виявлені кореляційні зв’язки параметрів радіального приросту з кліматичними показниками у наступних дослідженнях можуть бути використані для побудови реконструкцій клімату та прогнозу продуктивності дубових деревостанів у майбутньому.
Morphological variability of Quercus robur L. plus trees and clones in Podillia
Authors: Los Svitlana , Smashnyuk Lyudmila
Published: August 2020

The results of the study of English oak (Quercus robur L.) plus trees based on the morphological features of their leaves, acorns, and peduncles are presented. Samples were collected from both plus trees in forest stands and clones in clonal archive of English oak in Vinnytsia Region. In total, 41 trees were analyzed by 7 features of their leaves and 30 of those trees – by 9 morphological features of their acorns and peduncles. A point assessment was used for nonmetric indicators.

To compare plus trees by morphological features, the graphical method of morphotypes image representation with the usage of radar charts is suggested. Given that absolute indicators may depend on the year’s weather conditions, only relative indicators assessed in points were used to plot charts.

The average indices for the trees as well as the variability level between them are determined. The most variable features were identified and offered to use for clone identification.

It has been suggested that 8 plus trees whose leaves’ base is rounded are the hybrids of English and sessile oaks.

It is confirmed that all the studied plus trees of Vinnytsia origin differed in one or several morphological features of their leaves, acorns, or peduncles. However, two plus trees of Odesa origin were similar in their leaves’ characteristics and two clones of Vinnytsia origin were similar in their acorns and peduncles’ features.

It is noted that the use of morphological indicators of leaves and reproductive organs, taken as a whole, allows obtaining a rather complete description of a plus tree or its clone, and the usage of the graphical method allows determining the difference and similarity of individuals and their groups. Graphic images of morphotypes given as radar charts can be used to compare individuals, their groups, populations, variants in both progeny test and provenance trial, so to identify clones in clonal seed orchards.
Forest carbon stock in Left-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine according to intensive forest monitoring data
Authors: Pasternak Volodymyr , Pyvovar Tetiana , Yarotsky Volodymyr
Published: August 2020

The issues of carbon stock and dynamic in different carbon pools in forest stands of Left-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine are considered. The aim of the study was to evaluate carbon stocks and their changes in main pools: trees biomass and mortmass. Data of two repeated observations on 19 permanent intensive forest monitoring plots in Kharkiv and Sumy regions were used. Conversion method was used.

Study of increment and mortality dynamics at monitoring plots showed, that two processes impact carbon balance: biotic damage which leads to trees dieback, and partial removal of dead wood from stands.

Oak stands have, on average, higher carbon stock in trees biomass and mortmass (102.9 t С ha-1) than the pine stands (98.7 t С ha-1), which is associated with a higher representation of mature and overmature oak stands. While comparison by age classes showed that pine stands, in general, have higher values of C in trees biomass, due to higher productivity. The increase in carbon stocks with age is observed.

The annual change of C stock in trees biomass is the highest in younger stands, and it decreases with age; while in mortmass it increases. Mature and overmature oak stands have negative trees biomass and positive dead wood growth.

At age 81-100 years oak forest stands have higher carbon storage capacity than pine (total carbon stock in main pools (biomass, mortmass, litter and soils (30-cm layer)) is 191.7 t C ha-1 for oak and 175.4 t C ha-1 for pine stands). Trees biomass carbon prevails among other pools (50.3 % in oak forests, and 57.6% in pine), the next is soil carbon pool (45.9 and 29.0%, respectively).

National forest inventory will provide data for assessments of carbon stocks and dynamics in trees biomass and mortmass pools. However, forest soil monitoring is necessary to evaluate carbon pools in soils and litter.
Parameters of Pinus sylvestris health condition and Ips acuminatus population in pure and mixed stands of Sumy region
Authors: Meshkova Valentyna , Bobrov Ivan
Published: August 2020

Outbreaks of bark beetles have increased in recent years in various regions. Pine engraver beetle (Ips acuminatus (Gyllenhal, 1827); Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is most common in the pine forests of many European countries. Research on its biology and spread carried out in different natural conditions, phases of pest outbreak and considered various parameters to characterize the population of the pest and forest health condition.

The aim of the research was to compare the health condition of Scots pine stands and population parameters of I. acuminatus in its two generations in pure and mixed stands in Polissya and Forest-steppe parts of Sumy region. Research was carried out in 2017 in the pure Scots pine stands and mixed stands with Scots pine and other forest species in Polissya (State Enterprise "Seredyno-Budsky Agroforest Economy"; State Enterprise "Seredyno-Budsky Forest Economy") and Forest-steppe parts (State Enterprise "Velykopysarivske Agroforest Economy"; State Enterprise "Okhtyrske Forest Economy") of Sumy region at 26 sample plots. In sample plots, parameters of forest health condition and bark beetle population were assessed in June and in September, after completion of development of spring and summer generation of I. acuminatus. 

By most of the parameters assessed, significant differences between sample plots in Forest-Steppe and Polissya parts of Sumy region were not found. In pure Scots pine stands the mean area of bark beetles’ foci and bark beetles’ production were larger in Forest-steppe in June, and the density of Ips acuminatus nuptial chambers in June and September.

In pure Scots pine stands the area of I. acuminatus focus, the number of colonized trees, the proportion of recently died trees, health condition indices, the density of egg galleries and nuptial chambers as well as young beetle’s production increased from June to September. In mixed stands the focus area, the number of colonized trees and health condition index increased insignificantly, and population parameters of I. acuminatus decreased from June to September. Pure Scots pine stands changed the health condition from "severely weakened" to "drying up" in three months, and mixed ones remained in the "weakened" category.

In pure pine stands, the density of egg galleries and beetles of the young generation increased for three months from the lower limit of a moderate level to a high level, the density of nuptial chambers – from low to a high level. In mixed stands, all population parameters of I. acuminatus correspond to a low population level. The parameters characterizing the investigated foci of I. acuminatus in the Sumy region significantly correlated with the participation of pine in the stand composition, and in September the correlation is closer than in June. The data obtained indicate the feasibility of creating predominantly mixed pine stands.
Планування сталого землекористування на основі теорії послуг екосистем: приклад обґрунтування технологічного рішення
Authors: Soloviy Ihor , Kozak Ruslan , Kuleshnyk Taras
Published: August 2020

Важливість послуг екосистем для добробуту людини у все більшій мірі визнається у політиці багатьох країн на місцевому, національному та міжнародному рівнях. В Україні ця концепція все ще не отримала належної уваги, а тому і не знайшла практичного застосування. Незважаючи на деякі обмеження та методологічні проблеми оцінювання послуг екосистем, інтеграція таких оцінок у процеси прийняття управлінських рішень має стати пріоритетним завданням у сфері менеджменту природних ресурсів, зокрема у сфері планування землекористування. Роль лісового та аграрного секторів особливо важлива у цьому контексті, оскільки в Україні послуги екосистем у лісовому господарстві до уваги не беруться, а термін «послуги агроекосистем» ще навіть не набув поширення у наукових публікаціях, а тим більше на практиці. Оцінювання послуг екосистем необхідно здійснювати на засадах системного підходу шляхом інтеграції екологічних, економічних і соціокультурних оцінок. Це дасть змогу забезпечити розуміння вигод, отриманих від екосистем, і витрат, пов'язаних з їх використанням. Врахування вартості послуг екосистем внаслідок збереження певних типів рослинності у ландшафті (напр., лісів) та вигід від відмови заподіяння шкоди довкіллю дає змогу розрахувати еколого-економічні вигоди від впровадження нових технологій виробництва. Як приклад у статті розрахована еколого-економічна вигода від впровадження технології виготовлення деревинно-солом’яних плит  на основі врахування вартості послуг лісових екосистем та вартості екологічних вигод від відмови заподіяння шкоди довкіллю спалюванням соломи і післяжнивних решток.
NOTAS SOBRE LA REPRODUCCIÓN, MORFOLOGÍA Y ECOLOGÍA DE Pareques acuminatus (TELEOSTEI: SCIAENIDAE), EN LA REGIÓN DE SANTA MARTA, CARIBE COLOMBIANO.
Authors: De La Rosa Yesica Patricia , Acero Pizarro Arturo , García Urueña Rocío Del Pilar
Published: August 2020

Pareques acuminatus (familia Sciaenidae) es una especie carnívora de tamaño pequeño, que se distribuye en el Atlántico occidental: Carolina del Norte y Bermudas hasta Brasil. Los estudios sobre la biología y ecología de P. acuminatus son escasos y en Colombia no se han realizados trabajos concernientes a la especie. El propósito de este estudio fue conocer la biología de la especie y determinar aspectos ecológicos con el fin de ampliar su conocimiento en el Caribe colombiano. Se hicieron capturas de la especie por medio de buceo libre y se realizaron censos visuales del hábitat donde fue observada. La morfometría y merística fue evaluada, se identificaron las fases reproductivas y se estimó la fecundidad parcial mediante el método gravimétrico. Un total de 85 individuos fueron recolectados con una LT entre 33 y 185 mm (123,7±36,3 mm) siendo más frecuentes aquellos entre 121-142 mm (42%) seguidos de los de 143-164 mm (20%). Se distinguieron 39 hembras, 34 machos y 12 fueron indeterminados debido a su pequeño tamaño. La talla de las hembras maduras fue a partir de una LT de 118 mm, siendo una especie asincrónica con dos fases reproductivas (en desarrollo y capaz de desove). La fecundidad parcial estimada fue de 8744 ± 3900 oocitos y la fecundidad relativa con relación a la talla fue de 64,15 ± 25,51 oocitos/mm con un diámetro de 0,53 ± 0,04 mm. Pareques acuminatus es una especie típica de hábitats arrecifales someros y se encontró acompañada principalmente de Myripristis jacobus, Canthigaster rostrata, Haemulon steindachneri, H. flavolineatum, Stegastes partitus y Chromis multilineata.
ESTUDIOS MORFO-ANATÓMICOS, CITOGENÉTICOS Y MOLECULARES EN Talinum (TALINACEAE): UNA NUEVA ENTIDAD PARA EL NOROESTE ARGENTINO
Authors: Andrada Aldo Rubén , Silenzi-Usandivaras Gabriela María , Ruiz Ana Inés , Páez Valeria De los Ángeles , Abornoz Patricia Liliana
Published: August 2020

Talinumpaniculatumes una hierba adventicia ampliamente distribuida en Argentina, que tiene importancia económica como maleza de cultivos resistente a herbicidas. Esta especie se presenta en el campo con dos morfotipos y ellos se distinguen por la forma, tamaño y color de sus flores, frutos y hojas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar las características morfo-anatómicas (de hoja y tallo), citogenéticas y moleculares en dos morfotipos de la provincia de Tucumán (Argentina), y establecer diferencias entre ellos. Se utilizaron técnicas morfo-anatómicas y citogenéticas clásicas y se realizaron análisis moleculares con el marcador ITS2. Los resultados evidencian que las características morfológicas, anatómicas, citogenéticas y moleculares de Talinum paniculatumpermitieron diferenciar los morfotipos MT1 y MT2. Se concluye que el MT1 corresponde a T.paniculatumy el MT2 a un taxón diferente que aún no se mencionó para la flora de Argentina.
VALORACIÓN SOCIAL DE LOS SERVICIOS ECOSISTÉMICOS DE HUMEDALES COSTEROS: ESTADO ACTUAL Y PERSPECTIVAS.
Authors: De la Rosa Velázquez Mayra Isabel , Ruíz Luna Arturo
Published: August 2020

Los Servicios Ecosistémicos(SE) son bienes y servicios que la humanidad obtiene de la naturaleza y a los que se asigna valor ecológico, económico y social, aunque se ha brindado menor atención al estudio de este último. Esta deficiencia es más notable en el caso de los humedales costeros, que proveen importantes SE, escasamente explorados desde la perspectiva social y espacial, pese a su pertinencia en la planificación territorial. Para conocer el estado del arte relativo a la valoración social de SE de humedales costeros y la importancia del análisis espacial en el proceso, se realizó una revisión documental sistemática (2005-2018) que permitió observar una tendencia positiva en el número de publicaciones, en especial en el último trienio. Se identificó que el valor social carece de una definición estandarizada y se ha enfocado a servicios sin valor de mercado, mientras que en lo relativo a dimensión espacial, se encontró que esta se ha venido incorporando con esquemas de mapeo participativo, dirigido a determinar la accesibilidad a sitios de provisión de SE y a la identificación de sitios de valor social dentro de los humedales, sin que la producción de mapas sea relevante. No se encontraron elementos para determinar si la valoración social es complementaria o alternativa a la económica, pero se requiere crear un marco conceptual para la valoración integral basado en la pluralidad de valores de los SE como una estrategia de conservación de los humedales.
DEPREDACION POR INSECTOS DE NIDOS Y NEONATOS PROTEGIDOS DE PODOCNEMIS VOGLI (SABANAS INUNDABLES DEL CASANARE).
Authors: López-Martínez Gustavo Andrés , Rondón-Zabala Jorge Iván , Martínez-Parales Eduardo , Moya-Arévalo Rosa Helena , Rodríguez Oscar Andrés
Published: August 2020

La galápaga sabanera(Podocnemis vogli) es una tortuga de ambientes acuáticos, principalmente lénticos, que centra su época reproductiva en la temporada seca, en la que sus huevos son una importante fuente de alimento en la red trófica y para el hombre, de manera que frecuentemente son afectados por depredadores naturales. Con el propósito de reducir el efecto negativo de la depredación natural sobre las nidadas de P vogli en la Reserva Natural de la Sociedad Civil La Esperanza en Paz de Ariporo, se implementó una estrategia de protección directa con malla metálica y se realizó el seguimiento a las posturas durante tres periodos de anidación entre 2016 y 2018. Como resultado del uso de esta estrategia para proteger las nidadas, se evidenció el efecto de otros depredadores y parásitos menos conspicuos como las hormigas legionarias (Labidus) y las larvas de moscas parasitarias (Phoridae). En ambos casos la afectación se registró en los neonatos recién eclosionados de galápaga sabanera al interior de los nidos, algunos de ellos hallados en un estado de salud precaria o muertos. Este es el primer reporte de depredación de los neonatos de P. vogli por estas especies de insectos sobre las cuales las estrategias físicas convencionales de protección fueron ineficientes.
Fragmentación del paisaje empleando análisis multitemporal de imágenes de satélite Landsat TM y ETM+ en el municipio de Montelíbano, Córdoba-Colombia
Authors: Guzmán-Manrique Jhon , Flórez-García Andrés Camilo
Published: August 2020

La deforestación es un proceso que afecta negativamente la actividad de los ecosistemas y como consecuencia genera una fragmentación del paisaje, siendo ésta una amenaza directa a la biodiversidad y sostenibilidad de recursos bióticos ocasionando cambios espaciales que influyen en la pérdida de especies nativas de flora y fauna, reducción en el tamaño local de las diferentes coberturas naturales, lo cual altera el funcionamiento ecológico de los ecosistemas regionales. Con el propósito de abordar la dinámica espacial de la explotación a cielo abierto de los yacimientos de níquel al sur del departamento de Córdoba-Colombia, el objetivo del artículo es determinar el estado de la fragmentación del paisaje a partir del cambio de coberturas entre los años 1986 y 2013 utilizando imágenes Landsat TM y ETM+, las cuales fueron sometidas a varios procesos como correcciones radiométricas y transformaciones tasseled cap, los cuales suministran imágenes adecuadas para la correcta clasificación de las coberturas. Los resultados muestran alteraciones en la configuración del territorio, donde se identificó una reducción en rastrojos bajos en un 49,76% (2692,53 hectáreas) y una tala de bosques secundarios del 12% de los cambios totales (370,3 hectáreas). La dinámica antrópica generó un paisaje fragmentado con diferentes niveles de perturbación.
Liberación de juveniles de pargo manchado Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner, 1869), como estrategia para la conservación de la especie y educación ambiental marino costera
Authors: Chacón-Guzmán Jonathan , Carvajal-Oses Milagro , Herrera-Ulloa Ángel , Corrales-Gómez Natalia , Granados-Cerdas Rudy , Otárola-Fallas Álvaro , Marín-Alpízar Berny , Fajardo-Espinoza Oscar
Published: August 2020

La percepción ambiental como herramienta de educación y sensibilización a la conservación de los recursos marinos, fue implementada en la liberación de 102.000 juveniles de Lutjanus guttatus con la participación activa de pescadores artesanales, estudiantes, padres de familia y educadores en el Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica. Se determinó la percepción sobre el efecto ambiental de las jornadas de liberación en 310 participantes. Se encontró que fueron los pescadores quienes presentaron el mayor conocimiento sobre este tipo de actividades y además de considerar en su mayoría, que las jornadas podrían aumentar la sensibilización hacia la disminución de la sobrepesca. El 80,1% de los padres de familia afirmaron que este tipo de actividades aumenta la conciencia ambiental de los participantes hacia la protección de los recursos marinos. Las respuestas con respecto a la relación entre las actividades de liberación y el aumento de los ingresos entre los pescadores no fueron consistentes, sin embargo, entre educadores y entrevistados entre 11-19 años presentaron el menor grado de conocimiento acerca de estas actividades ambientales. Se considera que liberaciones de peces marinos que incluyen la participación activa de la población, educa y sensibiliza para la conservación de los recursos marino-costeros.
Análisis de alternativas para la gestión actual de residuos en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires a partir de distintos criterios
Authors: Saidón Mariana
Published: August 2020

Este trabajo compara alternativas de gestión de residuos sólidos urbanos para la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, considerando su desempeño relativo en distintas dimensiones: financiera, ambiental (local y global) y social. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio de tipo cualitativo, considerando diversas fuentes de información primaria y secundaria para evaluar la pertinencia de extrapolar resultados obtenidos en la literatura del ámbito internacional al contexto actual de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, en cada una de las dimensiones examinadas. Se concluye que, en términos generales, resulta pertinente aplicar la jerarquía de prevención, reutilización, reciclado, otra recuperación y eliminación. Esto admite fortalecer el reciclaje de materiales secos, combinado con tratamiento de residuos orgánicos vía digestión anaeróbica y/o compost aeróbico; conjuntamente con el fortalecimiento de la separación en origen y la recolección selectiva. La disposición final debe tender a decrecer, progresivamente. Estudios por corrientes específicas de materiales son aún necesarios.