bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A INCLUSÃO DA PESQUISA NO ENSINO MÉDIO DA ESCOLA PÚBLICA: UMA INTRODUÇÃO À PESQUISA SOBRE METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS
Authors: Brocardo Isadora Oro , Carli Julia Matte de , Coutinho Mateus Mota Loiola , Lingnau Carina Merkle
Published: May 2021

Este artigo é uma investigação que fez parte do projeto de pesquisa sobre metodologias ativas e o discurso na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, campus Francisco Beltrão (UTFPR-FB). Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida por bolsistas de ensino médio e acadêmicos de graduação daUTFPR-FB. O objetivo do trabalho é refletir sobre a relação entre práticas demetodologias ativas no primeiro ano do ensino médio do Colégio Estadual Dr.Eduardo Virmond Suplicy e o discurso foucaultiano (FOUCAULT, 2009). Parafins metodológicos utilizamos pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e a análisedo discurso em Michel Foucault. Como resultados verificamos que as práticasdas metodologias ativas estiveram presentes em momentos específicos daexperiência de ensino médio das bolsistas. Além disso, durante a pesquisa aspesquisadoras utilizaram a plataforma google sala de aula, assim como oaplicativo whatsapp, o que proporcionou a vivência das metodologias ativas nodecorrer da investigação. Essas práticas foram relacionadas às verdadesproduzidas através dos discursos que circulam nos ambientes educacionais.
OCUPAR, PRODUZIR E RESISTIR: UM BREVE ESTUDO SOBRE A PROPOSTA PEDAGÓGICA DO MOVIMENTO DOS TRABALHADORES RURAIS SEM TERRA (MST) EM COMPARAÇÃO COM A BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR (BNCC)
Authors: Camoleze Jean Marcel Caum
Published: May 2021

A finalidade deste artigo é apresentar a proposta pedagógica em assentamentose acampamentos do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST)em comparação com a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) namodalidade de Educação do Campo. Além de utilizarmos as diretrizes econsiderarmos as dificuldades da Educação do Campo, também destacaremosas particularidades de uma proposta pedagógica voltada à formação deeducadores e educandos do Movimento. Surgido no início de 1984, o MSTtornou-se o principal movimento social do país, seja em âmbito urbano ourural, sendo o setor responsável pela educação considerado como prioritário.Com o objetivo principal de garantir o direito à terra, o MST reconhece que aeducação do campesinato é essencial para a continuidade de sua luta.Observando a trajetória histórica e a formação dos educadores que atuam emacampamentos e assentamentos, apontaremos as necessidades e singularidadesda Educação do Campo em um movimento rural que se encontra às margens dosistema institucionalizado. Com isso, pretendemos demonstrar que a educaçãono MST transpassa a disputa entre Movimento e Estado, colocando-se emsituação de primazia para a formação integral dos sujeitos e a superação doensino restrito a competências.
John Maynard Keynes und der Friedensvertrag von Versailles – Eine Rekonstruktion aus Sicht der Verhaltensökonomik
Authors: Döring Thomas
Published: May 2021

Das Ziel der nachfolgenden Ausführungen ist, die Logik der Argumentation von Keynes im Licht der modernen verhaltensökonomischen Forschung zum individuellen Entscheidungsverhalten unter Berücksichtigung psychologischer Befunde zu systematischen Verzerrungen in der Wahrnehmung und Verarbeitung von Informationen, der (In-)Stabilität von Präferenzen im Zeitablauf sowie der normativen (Fehl-)Orientierung in Verhandlungssituationen zu rekonstruieren. Es wird zu diesem Zweck an Studien aus dem Bereich der empirischen Verhaltensforschung ebenso wie der experimentellen Ökonomik angeknüpft, um das aus Sicht der betroffenen Akteure – spieltheoretisch formuliert – aus dem Versailler Vertrag resultierende Negativsummenspiel zu plausibilisieren. Vor diesem Hintergrund erfolgt zunächst eine Darstellung der zentralen Einsichten und Implikationen des verhaltensökonomischen Ansatzes (Kapitel 2), wobei neben den Ursachen einer begrenzten Rationalität individuellen Entscheidungsverhaltens, der „verzerrenden“ Wirkung kognitiver Heuristiken und Illusionen sowie der Zeitinkonsistenz individueller Präferenzen auch auf die Bedeutung von Fairnessnormen und -einschätzungen für die Effizienz von Verhandlungsergebnissen näher eingegangen wird. Auf der Grundlage dieser allgemeinen Ausführungen zum Ansatz und zu den Ergebnissen der Verhaltensökonomik wird anschließend die von Keynes vorgelegte Analyse des Zustandekommens und der möglichen Folgen des Versailler Vertrages eingehend untersucht, um die vielfältigen Übereinstimmungen zwischen beiden Betrachtungsperspektiven herauszuarbeiten (Kapitel 3). Der Hinweis auf das Vorliegen von Präferenzinkonsistenzen, das Auftretens von sogenannten Ankereffekten, der Wirksamkeit von Stereotypen oder der Situationsgebundenheit des Verhaltens –um nur einige der von Keynes benannten Effekte zu nennen – lassen ihn als einen vergleichsweise „modernen Ökonomen“ er-scheinen. Dies kann zusätzlich durch den Verweis auf institutionen- wie politökonomische Überlegungen untermauert werden, die sich in seiner Bewertung des Vertragswerks ebenso finden wie die Relevanz des „Prinzips der effektiven Nachfrage“ als Quelle zu erwartender ökonomischer Krisenerscheinungen, die Keynes bereits hier im Vorgriff auf die späteren Ausführungen im Rahmen seiner „Allgemeiner Theorie der Beschäftigung, des Zinses und des Geldes“ zumindest implizit anklingen lässt (Kapitel 4).
Rice and 1866 Famine of Orissa: A case Study on Balasore District
Authors: Dash Swagatika
Published: May 2021

Nineteenth century Orissa history is marked as a period of natural calamity and severe drought. The shortage of rainfall and the decline of food production created a horrific situation for the people of Orissa. From the ancient period,the people of Orissa were famous for their reach of rice cultivation,and till now,it is the primary food crop for most of the people of Orissa. During the 19th century,apart from being an important food crop, it was used as an essential item for trade and commercial activities. During the colonial period, society was feudal, and most of the benefits from trade were taken by the colonial Government, Zamindars, and merchants. Peasants came at the last of the list. This was one of the most prominent reasons behind the famine of 1866. Due to the high price of rice throughout the famine, lower-class people could not afford the high pricerice, and they didn’t have sufficient storage of food for any kind of emergency,;as a consequence, lower-class people became the primary victims of the famine. Here rice will be used as an essential source to study the famine in Balasore district of Orissa which was one of the city which was greatly affected by the famine of 1866 along with Cuttack and Puri. Here in this article, we are subjected to study on the famine of 1866 in Balasore district, its rice production, its society and how it reacted to the famine, and how it overcomes the famine of 1866 in Orissa.
Accuracy of self-reported height, weight and BMI in a multiethnic Asian population
Authors: Roystonn Kumarasan , Abdin Edimansyah , Sambasivam Rajeswari , Zhang Yunjue , Chang Sherilyn , Shafie Saleha , Chua Boon Yiang , Vaingankar Janhavi Ajit , Chong Siow Ann , Subramaniam Mythily
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The study assessed whether self-reported height, weight and derived body mass index (BMI) can provide an accurate measure of anthropometric data in a multiethnic adult population in Singapore. Methods: Standardised anthropometric measurements were compared against the self-reported values from 5,132 adult residents in a cross-sectional, epidemiological survey. Discrepancies in self-reports from measurements were examined by comparing overall mean differences. Intraclass correlations, Cohen’s kappa and Bland-Altman plots with limits of agreement, and sub-analysis by sex and ethnicity were also explored. Results: Data were obtained from 5,132 respondents. The mean age of respondents was 43.9 years. Overall, the height was overestimated (0.2cm), while there was an underestimation of weight (0.8kg) and derived BMI (0.4kg/m2). Women had a larger discrepancy in height (0.35cm, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.22 to 0.49), weight (-0.95kg, 95% CI -1.11 to -0.79) and BMI (-0.49kg/m2, 95% CI -0.57 to -0.41) compared with men. Height reporting bias was highest among Indians (0.28cm, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.44) compared with Chinese and Malays, while weight (-1.32kg, 95% CI -1.53 to -1.11) and derived BMI (-0.57kg/m2, 95% CI -0.67 to -0.47) showed higher degrees of underreporting among Malays compared with Chinese and Indians. Substantially high self-reported versus measured values were obtained for intraclass correlations (0.96–0.99, P<0.001) and kappa (0.74). For BMI categories, good to excellent kappa agreement was observed (0.68–0.81, P<0.0001). Conclusion: Self-reported anthropometric estimates can be used, particularly in large epidemiological studies. However, sufficient care is needed when evaluating data from Indians, Malays and women as there is likely an underestimation of obesity prevalence. Keywords: Body mass index, epidemiology, public health, self-report, validity
Health-seeking behaviour of foreign workers in Singapore: Insights from emergency department visits
Authors: Chan Joanna SE , Chia Dennis WJ , Hao Ying , Lian Sherman WQ , Chua Mui Teng , Ong Marcus EH
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Foreign workers (FWs) on work permit face unique health challenges and potential barriers to healthcare. We aimed to examine the epidemiology, attendance patterns, disposition, and adherence to follow-up, by FWs on work permit to two emergency departments (EDs) in Singapore. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we included consecutive FWs on work permit who registered at the EDs of two public restructured hospitals from 1 May 2016 to 31 October 2016. Data obtained from electronic medical records included patient demographics, triage acuity, disposition, ED diagnoses and bill information. Results: There were 6,429 individual FWs on work permit who contributed to 7,157 ED visits over the 6-month study period, with male predominance (72.7%, 4672/6429), and median age of 31 (interquartile range 26 to 38) years. A high proportion of these FWs were triaged to low-acuity status compared to the general ED population (66.9% versus 45.9%, P<0.001). Trauma-related injuries contributed to 34.4% of their visits, and were more likely to result in admission compared to non-trauma-related conditions (18.7% vs 15.2%, P<0.001). FWs engaged in shipyard, construction and process industries were more likely to be discharged “against medical advice” (14.8% vs 3.2%, P<0.001), and default their specialist outpatient follow-up (50.1% vs 34.2%, P<0.001) for non-trauma-related conditions compared to trauma-related injuries. Conclusion: In Singapore, the EDs of public restructured hospitals provide healthcare safety nets to FWs on work permit. These workers made more low-acuity visits compared to the general population during the study period and may face potential barriers to admission and follow-up. Keywords: Emergency medicine, epidemiology, migrant workers, occupational medicine, public health
Incidence and trends of ophthalmic cancer in Singapore: Data from
Singapore Cancer Registry
Authors: Teoh Chin Sheng , Jeyabal Preethi , Young Stephanie M , Lim Vivien SY
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Limited data are available on the incidence of primary ophthalmic cancers worldwide.
We describe the incidence and trends of primary ophthalmic cancers in Singapore.
Methods: Data on ophthalmic cancers diagnosed in Singapore from 1996 to 2016 were retrieved
from the Singapore Cancer Registry for analysis. All were histologically proven primary ophthalmic
cancers. Calculations of incidence and age-specific frequency of ophthalmic malignancy were made.
Results: A total of 297 cases were included, with males constituting 59.9%. The race distribution
was 78.5% Chinese, 16.5% Malay, 3.7% Indians and 1.3% others. There was an overall increase in
ophthalmic malignancies. The mean age of onset was 47.4 years. The most common cancers were
retinoblastoma (93.3%) in patients younger than 15 years, and lymphoma (71.3%) in patients aged
15 years and older. There has been an increase in lymphomas from 16.7% in 1968–1995 to 71.3%
in 1996–2016 in those aged 15 years and older. The most common types of ophthalmic cancer according
to location are lymphoma of the orbit, conjunctiva, cornea and lacrimal gland; retinoblastoma of the
retina; and malignant melanoma of the choroid and ciliary body.
Conclusion: Our study reported the incidence and trends of ophthalmic cancer in the Singapore
population and showed an overall increase in ophthalmic malignancies in Singapore from 1996–2016. A
substantial increase in lymphomas over the last 2 decades was noted. The data could aid clinicians,
epidemiologists and policymakers in implementing strategies to address trends in ophthalmic cancers
and spur aetiological research to improve quality of life in pa tients with such cancers.

Keywords: Aetiology; epidemiology; malignancy; orbital cancers
Optimisation of Electromagnetic Components of a Parametrical Voltage Stabilizer with Magnetic Communications between the Nonlinear Coil and a Ballast Element
Authors:   Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Power Supply, Tashkent State Transport University, Amirov S.F.
Published: May 2021

Optimisation of electromagnetic components of a parametrical voltage stabilizer with magnetic connections between the nonlinear coil and a ballast element on the minimum volume of an electromagnetic element Is resulted. Suitability for optimisation of criterion of equality of losses in core and device windings is considered. Analytical expressions for restrictions in the form of density of a current and an admissible overheat are received. The comparative estimation of use of active materials in the given device and the optimum transformer is made. KEYWORDS: a ferromagnetic element, approximation, core volume, current density, a magnetic induction, an overheat, losses in core, losses in the windings, full electromagnetic power, criterion function, restrictions, thermal balance.
Stakeholders’ Perceptive in Accessing Higher Education in Nigerian
Authors:   School of Education, Michael Otedola College of Primary Education Noforija- Epe, Lagos State, Odunola O. Oshodi,
Published: May 2021

The study investigated stakeholders’ perceptive in accessing Nigerian tertiary institutions’ admission, with a focus on Eredo LCDA, of Lagos State. It investigates; parents’, Jamb tutors’ and students’ perception of problems and ways of providing solutions on accessing tertiary institution admission. The descriptive research design was adopted, while simple random sampling was used to select respondents for the study. A structured questionnaire tagged AHEQ was engaged. Five research questions were answered in the course of the study. The result showed that stakeholder agrees to the challenges and the suggested solutions in accessing higher education. Also the result established a significant relationship between stakeholders’ personal factors and Jamb in addressing challenges facing students accessing higher education. There is composite and relative contribution between stakeholders’ personal factors and Jamb in addressing challenges facing students accessing higher education. Recommendations were made on how to improve students accessing higher education in Nigeria.
Integrated Green Supply Chain (GSC) Adoption Model, MENA Developing countries Empirical Study
Authors:   Department of Design, Manufacture and Engineering Management University of Strathclyde, Hanna Hany
Published: May 2021

Green supply chain management is attracting attention as a way to decrease the adverse environmental effects of industries worldwide. GSCM practices are considered as environmentally friendly practices, which include water efficiency, energy efficiency, waste management, environment conservation, recycling and reuse, toxic substance management and hazardous and optimization of transportation. However, considering the context of an emerging economy, green supply chain management is still in its inception and has not been widely embraced yet. In this research, the researcher demonstrated the important and the impact of Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) dimensions, firm practices and supply chain practices on the supply chain practices and the green supply chain adoption and the Supplier Relationship Management and Customer Relationship Management. This research aims to develop and understand a framework for different drivers and barriers that affect the green supply chain adoption in the process as well as identifying the role of TOE dimensions in enhancing the process. In this research, the researcher tried to provide a critical review and identify gaps in the literature related to GSCM, its drivers and barriers, GSCM adoption, and the TOE dimensions, develop an appropriate research methodology to collect and analyze data to address the research question. Empirically examine how all of the variables of the research are statistically related which are Customer Relationship, Supplier Relationship, Supplier Selection, Internal collaboration, Top Management Support, Green Supply Chain Management, Coercive Pressure, Normative Pressure, Mimetic Pressure, Market Pressure, Green purchasing, Barrier for GSCM, and Drivers for GSCM using the statistical tools. Critically discuss findings of current research, compare them to prior findings within the literature, Highlight the theoretical contributions and practical implications of the study, and identify limitations and areas for future research. The deduction approach has been utilized in this research as well as the quantitative method using structured questionnaire has been collected from 405 respondents. The research indicated that there is significant relationship between the environmental, organizational, and Technological dimensions and firm practices and supply chain practices, there is significant relationship between drivers, barriers and firm practices and supply chain practices and the green supply chain adoption. There is significant relationship between Green Supply Chain Adoption and both Supplier Relationship Management and Customer Relationship Management.
Risk of Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT) following the AstraZeneca/COVISHIELD Adenovirus Vector COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Chan Benjamin , Odutayo Ayodele , Juni Peter , Stall Nathan M. , Bobos Pavlos , Brown Adalsteinn D. , Grill Allan , Ivers Noah , Maltsev Antonina , McGeer Allison , Miller Katherine J. , Niel Ullanda , Razak Fahad , Sander Beate , Sholzberg Michelle , Slutsky Arthur S. , Morris Andrew M. , Pai Menaka
Published: May 2021

Published estimates of the risk of vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) from countries with moderate to high data quality range from 1 case per 26,500 to 1 case per 127,300 first doses of AstraZeneca/COVISHIELD administered (Table 1). The risk of VITT in Canada as of May 8, 2021 has been estimated to be approximately 1 per 55,000 doses, but several presumptive cases are still under investigation.
Strategi Menghidupkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Melalui Kelompok Belajar
Authors: Amirudin Amirudin , Karochman M. Abdan , Aliyah Aliyah
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine strategies in increasing student learning motivation to maintain the continuity of the educational process in the Study From Home (SFH) policy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The approach used in this research is qualitative with the research subject, namely students in the study group in Jungjang village. Data collection techniques used were interviews and documentation. The results showed that the form of the learning group teacher strategy to increase student learning motivation in the SFH policy in the midst of the COVID-19 outbreak was with student work study groups which were proven to increase student learning motivation. The obstacles encountered by the learning group teacher were related to the aspects of the students' parents, learning facilities, and the creativity of the learning group teachers. The benefits of this research are the growth of student motivation, train student discipline, and help improve the closeness between parents and children.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa untuk menjaga keberlangsungan proses pendidikan dalam kebijakan Study From Home (SFH) pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian yaitu siswa kelompok belajar di desa Jungjang. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara serta dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk strategi guru kelompok belajar untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa dalam kebijakan SFH di tengah wabah COVID-19 adalah dengan kelompok belajar kerja tugas siswa yang terbukti dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa. Hambatan yang ditemui guru kelompok belajar yaitu berkenaan dengan aspek orang tua peserta didik, sarana pembelajaran, dan kreativitas guru kelompok belajar. Adapaun manfaat dari penelitian ini adalah tumbuhnya motivasi belajar siswa, melatih kedisiplinan siswa, serta membantu meningkatkan kedekatan antara orangtua dan anak.
Ampliación de la distribución del Armadillo Cola de Trapo Transandino Cabassous centralis (Cingulata: Chlamyphoridae), para el Alto Magdalena en Colombia
Authors: Gómez-Sánchez Diego A. , García-Restrepo Sebastián , Bravo-Vega Carlos
Published: May 2021

Colombia es uno de los países con mayor riqueza de armadillos al contar con seis especies, pertenecientes a tres géneros, que abarcan la mayor parte del territorio nacional, siendo Cabassous centralis la única especie trasandina. En este estudio buscamos aportar al conocimiento de la distribución brindando nuevos registros para el departamento del Tolima. Durante un muestreo nocturno de serpientes, en enero de 2019, se observó y fotografió un individuo de Cabassous centralis en el oriente del departamento, en estribaciones de la Cordillera Oriental. Este registro, junto con un espécimen preservado en la colección de mamíferos del Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, confirman la presencia de la especie en el Tolima y son los registros más al sur en su distribución dentro del Valle del Magdalena.
Enhancing Organizational Performance: The Role of Training and Development
Authors: Osei Kwakye Eric , -Wusu Bempah Osei
Published: May 2021

This study investigated the impact of training and development on employees’ productivity and organizational performance in the Asante Akim South Municipal Assembly as a case study. The study applied structured questionnaires to a sample size of 75 drawn by a convenient sampling technique. The study also employed the purposive sampling technique to generate respondents to be interviewed. The data generated was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings of the study show that majority (77%) of the respondents agreed that training and development has enhanced their efficiency and job productivity. Secondly, majority (68%) of the respondents agreed that training and development enhanced organizational performance. The effectiveness and quality of the training programmes have also been found to be appreciable. The study recommends that departments within the district assembly should conduct more training programmes for their employees on a continuous basis. Organizers of the training programmes should also ensure the effective organization of these programmes.
Avaliação Cognitiva em Aplicações Pedagógicas Digitais: uma proposta de aplicação para a Segurança Pública
Authors: Bispo Ribeiro Josete , Eurico Rodrigues Matta Alfredo
Published: May 2021

Este artigo descreve um instrumento de avaliação construído para qualificar a atuação de profissionais da área de segurança pública, quando submetidos a simulações virtuais requerentes de decisões estratégicas. Como elemento constitutivo de uma aplicação pedagógica digital, voltada para utilização em processos instrucionais à distância, este modelo de avaliação baseou-se nos princípios da Ciência Cognitiva, enquanto base epistemológica para avaliar indícios de Aprendizagem Minimizada e Metaconsciência nos sujeitos pesquisados, além dos pressupostos da Praxiologia, na medida em que, nas ações formativas e instrucionais, típica de profissionais da área de segurança pública, tornam-se indispensável a associação do conhecimento teórico com a experiência prática. Por se tratar de uma investigação sobre tecnologias educacionais, utilizamos a metodologia do Design Based Research (DBR), como método de pesquisa. A modelagem construída apresentou resultados de efetividade e adequação cognitiva para avaliação de competências cognitivas, operativas e atitudinais, em segurança pública, tornando-a apropriada para fins pedagógicos.
O Lúdico no Ensino de Genética Molecular: uma abordagem que estimula os estudantes e favorece a aprendizagem
Authors: Gama Clebson , Landell Melissa
Published: May 2021

É de amplo conhecimento que os estudantes do Ensino Médio apresentam dificuldades em assimilar os conteúdos de Genética Molecular. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a implantação e a avaliação de práticas pedagógicas focadas na utilização de modelos didáticos capazes de explicar fenômenos genéticos, consubstanciando teoria e a prática. O público-alvo foram 120 estudantes do 3º ano do Ensino Médio, divididos em dois grupos: controle e experimental, submetidos a metodologias distintas. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em três etapas: a primeira envolveu a aplicação dos questionários de conhecimentos prévios; a segunda abrangeu o plano de ação e a terceira a aplicação da avaliação pós-teste. Após análise quanti-qualitativa dos resultados foi possível inferir que os estudantes do grupo experimental demonstraram melhores desempenhos, quando comparados ao grupo controle. Concluímos, portanto que a utilização de modelos didáticos nas aulas de Genética Molecular por estudantes de Ensino Médio contribui para melhoria da aprendizagem.
AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DO DIREITO CANÔNICO PARA O DIREITO ROMANO E SUAS INFLUÊNCIAS ATUAIS
Authors: Antonio Silva José
Published: May 2021

Sabe-se que o direito e toda a humanidade ocidental sofreu ao longo de sua história influência da religião, sobretudo, do cristianismo. Hoje em dia, o direito canônico é restrito a religião, porém, suas contribuições ainda fazem parte da sociedade. Muito se fala sobre o Estado Laico, porém, nota-se uma confusão entre laicismo e laicidade, um Estado independente com um Estado antirreligioso. Fato é, que durante toda a história da humanidade os radicalismos sempre fizeram mal. Olhares maniqueístas pouco colaboram com a verdade. Atrelar a religião ao Estado como mandatório divino a quem governa parece um sistema fadado ao absolutismo. Estados confessionais têm sido duros com as outras religiões que não a do detentor do poder. Por outro lado, um Estado antirreligioso parece desconhecer a trajetória humana e sua relação com os valores metafísicos.
TRABAJO INFANTIL: PERSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA
Authors: Bautista Moreno Leidy Constanza , Lugo Aroca María De Los Ángeles , Calderón Manrique Mary Astrid , Vargas Galindo Mauricio
Published: May 2021

Este trabajo analiza la población infantil en Colombia con el objetivo de observar las tendencias de trabajo que han surgido en los últimos veinte años y a la vez analizar la efectividad en las políticas que han implementado las diferentes organizaciones y organismos del estado que velan por el cumplimiento de legislaciones con el fin de ayudar a mitigar el trabajo infantil. La metodología desarrollada consiste en un trabajo de tipo descriptivo donde se obtiene la información de diferentes fuentes y se procede a analizarla. Los resultados de estos análisis arrojan que las políticas implementadas por los últimos 10 años de gobierno si han contribuido a la erradicación del trabajo infantil en Colombia.
ANÁLISIS DE ÍNDICE DE COMPETITIVIDAD DEL DEPARTAMENTO BOYACÁ 2014-2017
Authors: Robles González Alba Rocío , Botia Sáchica Ruth Jacqueline , Salinas Medina Martha Isabel
Published: May 2021

El reconocimiento de la competitividad en las regiones evidencia el desempeño productivo en Colombia, es medido por el Índice Departamental de Competitividad, esta medición corresponde a los años 2014 al 2017, en los que evalúa la gestión pública e identifica ventajas competitivas en programas integrales desde lo económico, social, ambiental y político. Se realiza un análisis descriptivo que permite caracterizar el efecto de las políticas públicas para Boyacá, refiriendo el Índice Departamental de Competitividad construido por el Consejo Privado de Competitividad y el Centro de Pensamiento en Estrategias Competitivas de la Universidad del Rosario, realizado desde el año 2013. El índice para Boyacá, permite determinar la capacidad en ejecución de políticas de competitividad y productividad, dirigidas a proponer estrategias que mejoren las condiciones básicas, eficiencia y sofisticación e innovación de acuerdo a la clasificación del índice departamental. Lo anterior lleva a identificar el avance que ha presentado Boyacá, en aspectos específicos para educación básica y media, seguido de instituciones y medio ambiente, entre otros; a diferencia de la innovación y dinámica empresarial, se ubica por debajo del promedio nacional sin lograr mejorar su posición.
LA EFECTIVIDAD DEL MARKETING MIX EN EL MUNICIPIO DE AGUASCALIENTES, AGS, MÉXICO: CASO SECTOR COMERCIO
Authors: Meza De Luna Leticia , Hernández Castorena Octavio , Marín Aguilar José Trinidad
Published: May 2021

Aunque existe de hace más de 50 años el concepto de Marketing Mix, no necesariamente quiere decir que todos los empresarios saben usar las extensas herramientas que puede apoyar instantáneamente a la empresa para obtener excelentes resultados, atracción a los clientes, esencialmente cuando se realizan estrategias del Marketing Mix dichas estrategias lleva a las empresas a estar en el top empresarial, debido a esto se generara grandes ventas de los productos, posicionamiento en el mercado, entre otras cosas importantes que apoya a las empresas, de lo contrario al tener estrategias erróneas puede llegar a fracasar la empresa, es por esto que esta investigación fue elaborada en el municipio de Aguascalientes, Ags., México a las empresas MiPyME del sector comercio, se analizó la aplicación del Marketing Mix (producto, precio, plaza y promoción) en las empresas MiPyME, así mismo se tomó en cuenta datos primarios y secundarios obtenidos de revistas indexadas, empresas MiPyME del municipio de Aguascalientes, Ags., México; asimismo se utilizó un modelo teórico de segundo grado, con el cual se generó un instrumento con cuatro bloques importantes los cuales son llamados como: bloques de producto, bloque de precio, bloque de plaza y bloque de promoción, dicho instrumento fue aplicado a 280 empresas MiPyME del sector comercio; objetivo principal de la investigación es en un lapso de cinco meses conocer la efectividad del Marketing Mix que aplican las empresas del sector comercio en Aguascalientes, Ags., México, con la finalidad de observar si son efectivas las estrategias dentro de los negocios y fortalecer las áreas de oportunidad, se muestra un estudio cuantitativo deductivo en las estrategias utilizadas en cada una de las empresas del sector comercio del municipio de Aguascalientes, Ags., México.
AVANCES EN EL SANEAMIENTO Y LA GESTIÓN DE BIOSÓLIDOS EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Rodríguez González Mayra Alejandra , González Guzmán Juan Manuel , Camargo Mayorga David Andrés
Published: May 2021

Este artículo presenta un análisis sobre los sistemas de saneamiento y estudios de caso relacionados con la gestión de biosólidos en Colombia. Con el desarrollo tanto rural como urbano, los servicios de acueducto y alcantarillado se han expandido y mejorado la cobertura, pero los servicios para el tratamiento de aguas residuales en las ciudades solo cubren del 20 al 25 % de toda la demanda. Las plantas funcionales permiten disminuir la carga contaminante de estas aguas evitando la contaminación de la red hídrica donde son vertidas. Durante este proceso se generan subproductos como gas y lodo. Este último, presenta características que lo hacen viable para reutilización, por lo cual se denomina biosólido y puede ser aprovechado siguiendo las normativas a nivel nacional e internacional. Teniendo en cuenta que la construcción de las primeras plantas de tratamiento primario y secundario se llevaron a cabo en Bogotá y Medellín respectivamente, son estas un ejemplo claro de la situación en cuanto a la gestión de biosólidos, donde se puede observar que este aún se encuentra en un estado de ensayo y error, es decir, en una etapa preliminar con respecto a otros países de Latinoamérica.
PARADIGMA DE LA COMPLEJIDAD, COMPORTAMIENTO HUMANO Y ORGANIZACIÓN
Authors: Campbell Silva Alfredo de Jesús
Published: May 2021

El paradigma de la complejidad se construyó al observar los cambios frecuentes, irreversibles en el tiempo y la aleatoriedad o caos con que se producen los eventos del universo. Entre esos eventos están el comportamiento humano y las organizaciones, el primero, objeto de estudio de la psicología y, las segundas, objeto de la administración. De tal manera que, revisando e interpretando discusiones y conclusiones en artículos de investigación, y cánones en documentos históricos y capítulos de libros, se encuentra que el comportamiento y el entorno organizacional son observados, analizados y explicados como sistemas dinámicos, entrópicos y disipativos, que funcionan en incertidumbre, comunicándose entre sí con capacidad anticipatoria y sensibilidad. Cuyos modelos científicos se construyen usando análisis dimensional en un espacio de fases, que contiene un flujo de información iterativo y estocástico entre el comportamiento y el entorno organizacional, entorno que incluye a la persona que se comporta.
FAUNA SILVESTRE POSDECOMISO: ENTRE LA EUTANASIA, EL ENCARNIZAMIENTO TERAPÉUTICO Y LA DISTANASIA
Authors: Estrada Cely Gloria Elena
Published: May 2021

La problemática de aprovechamiento ilícito de fauna silvestre en Colombia no se ubica únicamente en el marco de la necesidad de acceso a cifras reales o al cumplimiento estricto del marco normativo, sino que supone un asunto aún más grave con implicaciones sociales, ambientales, económicas y legales, pero además morales, éticas y bioéticas para los involucrados y corresponde al manejo y destino de los especímenes vivos incautados, rescatados o entregados voluntariamente. Con la investigación se pretendió buscar el panorama general de presión sobre las especies silvestres, los señalamientos normativos establecidos para su manejo y las principales actuaciones nacionales. Para el proceso de levantamiento de la información fueron utilizados lineamientos generales de la teoría fundamentada. El análisis de los lineamientos normativos fue desarrollado desde un referente jurídico dogmático, pero como material para el análisis de los resultados fueron considerados únicamente los lineamientos normativos vigentes al momento del desarrollo de la investigación. Para la contextualización del marco legal identificado se utilizó información disponible en publicaciones científicas o emitida por entidades ambientales, particularmente para regiones de mayor impacto de la problemática de estudio, como el departamento del Caquetá. Con la investigación no se buscó sugerir la eutanasia como la mejor alternativa para el manejo de fauna silvestre posdecomiso, si no su necesaria consideración y análisis, a la luz de la posibilidad de presencia de casos de encarnizamiento terapéutico y distanasia, derivada de las actuaciones de los entes gubernamentales, además de la necesaria activación de mecanismos alternativos de manejo como la zoocría.
PRIMER REGISTRO DE Entamoeba coli EN Amazona aestiva xanthopteryx (LORO HABLADOR CHAQUEÑO) EN ARGENTINA
Authors: Sciabarrasi Antonio Alejandro , Ruíz Marcelo
Published: May 2021

Las amebas de vida libre son microorganismos presentes en diferentes ambientes como el agua o el suelo, se mantienen en los ecosistemas y pueden producir graves enfermedades, en razón a su capacidad para portar a sus huéspedes bacterias intracelulares que son resistentes a la fagocitosis y que posteriormente invaden causando enfermedad bacteriana, lo que las convierte en un importante vehículo de trasmisión de diversas patologías de interés en salud pública. Para la investigación se recolectaron muestras fecales de un Amazona aestiva xanthopteryx (loro hablador del chaco) con signos de diarrea que fueron procesadas mediante métodos parasitológicos directos y de sedimentación espontánea. Para bacteriología se remitieron hisopados de la zona cloacal realizándose posteriormente siembras directas. Con el análisis de las muestras se identificó la presencia de Entamoeba coli como registro inédito para la especie, que aporta al conocimiento de esta problemática, más aún con la presencia de Escherichia coli en el cuadro clínico.
(DIE) - MODELO PARA EL DISEÑO DE IDEAS DE EMPRENDIMIENTO
Authors: Velásquez Carrascal Blanca Liliana , Hoyos Patiño Johann Fernando , Hernández Villamizar Daniel Antonio , Sayado Velasquez Lilian Natalia , Sayago Velásquez Jeimmy Estefany , Vargas Yuncosa José Antonio
Published: May 2021

Los jóvenes en la actualidad deben responder a las exigencias del mercado actual creando iniciativas de negocios claras y ordenadas, con un proceso que genere prototipos de empresas innovadoras a través de un paso a paso que responda a la realidad del entorno, el objetivo de la investigación es describir el modelo para el Diseño de Ideas de Emprendimiento (DIE) que consta de 8 fases; concepto del negocio, propuesta de valor, análisis de mercado, plan de mercadeo, estructura administrativa, estudio técnico y operativo, planificación financiera y resumen ejecutivo. Es una herramienta metodológica para estudiantes que permite la construcción del plan de negocio o proyecto empresarial, aumentando el porcentaje de viabilidad al momento de la ejecución y puesta en marcha de la empresa.
IMPACTS OF INSUFFICIENT INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS AND HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEMS IN TEACHING BIOLOGY
Authors: Edessa Sutuma
Published: May 2021

The research was conducted on the impacts of insufficient instructional materials and higher education systems of teaching biology on the qualification of graduates as outputs.
Data collection methods were through variables of in-depth interview questions and face-to-face observations, whereas both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed to analyze evidences comparatively.
Data sources were graduates of biology of different universities, who joined the post graduate diploma in teaching (PGDT) teachers training program of Addis Ababa University to be biology teachers, and evidences were gathered while the trainees were attaining the course biology teaching methods.
Interview questions were distributed to 200 trainees and respondents provided their judgments both in written or oral forms. The face-to-face observations were conducted on 20 of the trainees while conducting the tasks of biology teaching methods using observation checklists.
As a result, the impacts of the insufficient instructional materials and higher education systems were accounted for 56.83% and impacts on competence of the graduates of biology in performing expected biological tasks were accounted for 71% that made learners at an average 63.915% unsuccessful.
The research was concluded with great divorce of theory and practice due to the impacts of insufficient inputs of instructional materials and poor education systems, in which graduates ended with incompetence and joblessness.
Keywords: biology teaching, instructional materials, higher education.
WE ARE LEARNING GEOGRAPHY IN A DIFFERENT WAY. THE ASPECTS OF APPLICATION ACTIVE TEACHING (LEARNING) APPROACHES’ IN GEOGRAPHY LESSON
Authors: Railienė Laima
Published: May 2021

In geography lesson, educational process is modeled depending on the particular educational (learning) content, available resources, students' age and ability. Thus, in geography lesson subject knowledge and general competencies are educated as well. In today's lesson, in order to gain geography knowledge, it is very important to adapt the educational (learning) content to each student, according to students’ needs to be active and learn to cooperate seeking for geography knowledge. Nowadays, information and communicative technologies (ICT) are often an integral part of the teaching (learning) process. The article reveals opportunities of active development (learning) methods usage in geography lesson promoting active students’ activities. Key words: geography subject and general competences; lesson structure; active educational (learning) methods; experiment; teaching strategy; learning progress.
COLLABORATING AND DISSEMINATING SCIENCE: SHARING IDEAS, PROJECTS AND LEARNINGS – PROF. (HP) DR. LAMANAUSKAS (A LITHUANIAN) IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: James Angela
Published: May 2021

In South Africa, Education policy documents abound with statements promoting scientific and technology literacy (DoE, 2002). In spite of this demand, a global trend is developing which reveals a sharp decline in students who are interested in the natural sciences (Areepattamannil, Freeman & Klinger, 2010). In an effort to increase students’ interest in Science, various mechanisms are employed both nationally and internationally. Also, the effective, contextually related implementation of Natural Sciences in the Foundation, Intermediate and Senior schooling phases is a problematic that is presently being researched, and programmes for the professional development of student teachers are being revised to respond to this issue. The re-curriculation of all programmes at UKZN, School of Education re-focuses our efforts in curriculum design on how to teach Natural Sciences in schools, in preparing learners for the 21st century. Our current countries’ responses to external testing TIMMS bears strong evidence for a need to intervene and explore avenues to effectively engaging Natural Sciences teachers and researchers in tertiary institutions on actions to be planned and implemented. In these initiatives an important aspect to consider is the role of teachers as they are regarded as the change agents in any education system. In exploring teacher intervention initiatives, Dr Angela James applied to the National Research Foundation for funding to invite Prof. (HP) Dr. Vincentas Lamanauskas, Director of the Scientia Socialis, Chairman of the Scientific Methodical Centre “Scientia Educologic, and Professor and Head researcher at Šiauliai University, Lithuania to South Africa.
EDUCATION OF NATURAL SCIENCE COMPETENCE THROUGH GAMES IN A PRESCHOOL INSTITUTION: CONTEXT OF TEACHERS’ EXPERIENCE
Authors: Stonkuvienė Goda
Published: May 2021

Nowadays natural science competence in education of preschool age children is increasingly highlighted as it gives not only the cognitive experience of nature, but also encourages children’s study, observation, experimentation activities; educates the right relationship between a child and nature. Both scientists and teachers promote the application of various games in order to organize interaction between a child and nature as well as to educate natural science competence. The observation study of preschool teachers showed that the education of natural science competence is very important, and the significance of natural sciences is associated with the knowledge of natural phenomena, animals and plants, the promotion of the feeling of natural beauty and the ability to observe nature. According to the majority of the respondents, very important aspects of natural science competence are the cognition of natural phenomena, plants and animals; the feeling of natural beauty, and the ability to observe nature. In addition, such expressions of this competence were pointed out as important: the understanding of plant growth and animal life, the education of environmental protection activity skills, the ability to use a variety of means of natural science, the perception of communication between the living and non-living nature. The experience of the vast majority of teachers showed that they describe the game as an activity where the child himself has the opportunity to discover, experience new and deepen existing knowledge of nature. According to them, while playing a child’s ability to think (to analyse, compare, classify) helps to build up the experience of living and non-living nature. The analysis revealed that many games are applied to educate the competence of natural science, but the most popular ones are games with various natural objects; didactic games; table and ecological games. Most teachers often play games in the group’s or institution’s environment (yards), sometimes in the unconventional environment. Game’s compliance with natural science education purposes, child’s age and experience; children’s needs, interests and ideas, and teachers’ competence in relation to games are the most important factors that determine the successful application of games in order to educate natural science competence. In relation to the importance of natural science competence and based on the results of the research analysis, it is possible to forecast the development of this competence through the greater variety of games of natural science content. Key words: preschool education, natural science competence, games, teachers’ experience.
THINKING ABOUT THINKING: START-UP FOR MODERN EDUCATION FOR TOMORROW
Authors: Broks Andris
Published: May 2021

Today it is a period of time when serious changes all around us and within us have started. Today we meet not only local small quantitative changes – reforms, there are also some big changes – transformations are coming up. Started in the 16-th century, revolution of Science and Technologies has introduced today new global scale impact on our life - social sciences as well as humanities have started to play a much more important role within sustainable development of our life and education for tomorrow.
Thinking as spiritual process – brainwork within human nervous system is managing humans’ particular life activities as well as human’s life as a whole. Thinking about thinking today is becoming start-up activity within the development of our life and education tomorrow. Using other words, conscious systems thinking today is becoming of very special value when solving our actual and complex life and education problems. It means that deeper or higher understanding and comprehension of humans’ private and society’s public spiritual life is becoming our first order task.