bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APLICAÇAO DO SISTEMA DE INDICADORES DE QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL URBANA PARA METRÓPOLES COSTEIRAS (SIMEC) NAS REGIOES METROPOLITANAS DO RECIFE (PE), RIO DE JANEIRO (RJ) E NA REGIÃO DE JOINVILLE- SC
Authors: Adão Nilton Manoel Lacerda , Polette Marcus
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo aplica um Sistema de Indicadores de Qualidade Ambiental Urbana para Metrópoles Costeiras (SIMeC) nas Regiões Metropolitanas do Recife e do Rio de Janeiro e na Região de Joinville no Norte/Nordeste Catarinense. São três aglomerados urbanos que apresentam como características em comum a integração de diferentes municípios em território costeiro. O SIMeC é um sistema de indicadores que objetiva mensurar, avaliar e monitorar as metrópoles costeiras tendo como fundamentos as dimensões da prosperidade urbana propostas pela UN-Habitat (2012) e com a estrutura DPSIR. Ao comparar as três realidades, o SIMeC se apresentou como um instrumento adequado para compreensão das realidades urbanas e costeiras em regiões  de diferentes extensões e realidades, sendo possível identificar as deficiências do processo de gestão territorial nas diferentes dimensões da qualidade ambiental urbana.
Undergraduate final year nursing students’ attitudes toward caring for dying patients: Bahrain’s experience
Authors: Yaqoob Maryam , Nasaif Husain , Kadhom Hana
Published: May 2018

Background: Nursing students are frequently exposed to dying patients during their clinical placement. Research studies that examined nursing students’ attitudes toward caring for dying patients were limited in the Gulf Region, including Bahrain.Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the attitudes of fourth-year baccalaureate nursing students regarding caring for dying patients.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was utilized to recruit a convenience sample of fifty-four nursing students. Frommelt’s Attitudes towards Caring of the Dying (FATCOD) five Likert scale was used.Results: The overall findings revealed that participants had a neutral attitude toward caring for dying patients. The overall attitudes mean score was 3.4 ± 0.3. The majority of participants were female (83%, n = 45). The difference in the mean score in relation to gender was statistically significant (p = .049). Although the majority of all participants (80%) reported having dealt with the terminally ill people in the past, the association between previous experience and reported attitudes was not statistically significant (p = .31).Conclusions and recommendations: Literature revealed that students who received end of life education where found to have positive attitudes. Therefore, it’s crucial to introduce a standalone educational module regarding end of life care early on in the undergraduate curriculum. It is recommended that future studies recruit nursing students from other baccalaureate year levels to reassess the attitudes and level of preparedness following a curriculum reform and implementation of end of life care education. Additionally, a qualitative research method is recommended to explore the lived experience of the nursing students when they are caring for dying patients.
Competition Between Volatility and Overall Market Gain and the Performance of Leveraged Index Funds
Authors: Schad Rainer
Published: May 2018

A simple yet powerful mathematical model is developed for comparison of the performance of leveraged funds versus that of their underlying index. The model strictly separates the pure market volatility from the actual long term gain of the market. This allows to study the interplay between volatility of various amplitude and gain. The fund performance is analyzed for different factors of leverage and clear limits for still acceptable market volatility are identified. For low volatility values the performance of leveraged index funds significantly exceeds the performance of what the leverage factor would suggest, reaching gains as large as 7x the gain of the index for a 3x leveraged fund. This favorable regime quickly deteriorates for intermediate values of market volatility and produces increasingly negative returns once the daily fluctuations exceed 1.5 to 2%. The model provides a practical understanding of the risks and opportunities of leveraged funds.
A Study on Current Conditions and Soccer Teaching Model for Elementary School Students in Demonstration Schools
Authors: Koonlaboot Maitree , Kongsilp Noppadon , Malalat Anan , Rattanarojanakul Parkpoom
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this study was to study current conditions and soccer teaching model for elementary school students in the demonstration schools. This study used a qualitative method. Data collection was conducted by interview. Twelve informants involved with soccer instruction were selected by using purposive sampling technique from the demonstration schools. The informants consisted of four instructors, four student guardians, and four elementary school students. The interview result has been described its contents based on interview topics and it clarified descriptive information in three aspects as the followings: 1) As for the current conditions of soccer teaching model for elementary school students in the demonstration schools, the informants had different opinions either it was appropriate or inappropriate, 2) Soccer teaching model for elementary school students in the demonstration schools comprises of four prime aspects: instructor, lesson management, facility, and learners, 3) There are recommendations for further implementations of soccer teaching model for elementary school students in the demonstration schools to apply in the future. The findings from this study are useful for soccer instructors at the elementary school level or for instructors in educational institutes at various levels, including those who are interested in using as a guideline to improve their soccer teaching model in case it is appropriate to their students.
Autonomie, verantwoordelijkheid in gebondenheid
Authors: Donner J.P.H.
Published: May 2018

Autonomie, verantwoordelijkheid in gebondenheid

Gedurende de tweede Miguel Pourier-lezing te Kralendijk, Bonaire, op 29 oktober 2017 stond prof. mr. J.P.H. Donner stil bij de nieuwe staatkundige structuur binnen het Koninkrijk na 10 oktober 2010 en de gevolgen hiervan.
Verhaalsfrustratie door en met een SPF: enige beschouwingen naar aanleiding van het arrest Resort of the World/Maple Leaf (HR 7 oktober 2016, ECLI:NL:HR:2016:2285, NJ 2017/124)
Authors: Bakker P.S.
Published: May 2018

Verhaalsfrustratie door en met een SPF: enige beschouwingen naar aanleiding van het arrest Resort of the World/Maple Leaf (HR 7 oktober 2016, ECLI:NL:HR:2016:2285, NJ 2017/124)

In deze bijdrage staat het arrest HR 7 oktober 2016, ECLI:NL:HR:2016:2285, NJ 2017/124 (Resort of the World/Maple Leaf) centraal. Alvorens het arrest te bespreken, zal worden ingegaan op het leerstuk van de vereenzelviging in algemene zin, waarbij de in dat kader belangrijke arresten HR 9 juni 1995, NJ 1996/213 (Krijger/Citco) en HR 13 oktober 2000, ECLI:NL:HR:2000:AA7480, NJ 2000/698, m.nt. J.M.M. Maeijer (Rainbow) aan bod zullen komen. Geconcludeerd kan worden dat er klemmende redenen moeten zijn om aan de afzonderlijke identiteit van een rechtspersoon voorbij te gaan. Tevens wordt in het arrest bevestigd dat de formele hoedanigheid van de handelende persoon niet beslissend is voor de vraag van toerekening van kennis en dat voor terughoudendheid bij de toerekening van zogeheten interne kennis aan een rechtspersoon geen plaats is.
Analysis of sulfamethoxazole by square wave voltammetry using new carbon paste electrode
Authors: Eleotério Izabel Cristina , Balbino Marco Aantonio , De Andrade José Fernando , Ferreira Bruno , Saczk Adelir Aparecida , Okumura Leonardo Luiz , Batista Antonio Carlos Ferreira , De Oliveira Marcelo Firmino
Published: May 2018

In this work a new model of carbon paste electrode was employed to determine sulfamethoxazole (SMX), an antibiotic used to treat infections in human and veterinary medicine, by the square wave voltammetric modality (SWV). More specifically, the elec­trochemical behavior of SMX was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), and the quantitative analysis of SMX was provided by SWV. The analytical curve was obtained with a linear correlation coefficient (r) of 0.985 and standard deviation (SD) of 0.005 μA. Limits of detection and quantification were found as 2.3×10-6 and 7.7×10-6 mol L-1, respectively. According to the obtained results, the new carbon paste prototype electrode can successfully be employed in this kind of electroanalytical applications.
Aging in place – design w obronie wieku
Authors: Gawron Grzegorz , Rojek-Adamek Paulina
Published: May 2018

The subject of the article is to reflect on the challenges that contemporary designfaces in the area of shaping urban space.This issue is particularly important in the context of the observed process of aging, which is associated with the necessity to adjust the physical and social environments to the changing needs of a growing group of seniors. Their free and independent functioning is determined to a large extent by external factors, including spaces that are their living environment. There is a place for a special dimension of urban design. Its main goal should be to create environments that facilitate the maintenance of good health, generating a sense of security and maintaining a sense of well-being of their users. This approach is directly linked to the concept of Aging in Place, understood as giving the opportunity to remain in the living environment at every stage of life, with maximum autonomy for as long as possible.
ZOEPOLIS. W stronę dizajnu poza paradygmatem antropocentrycznym
Authors: Rosińska Monika , Szydłowska Agata
Published: May 2018

The article provides an introductory discussion on design practice that contributes to a possible constitution of an expanded community composed of humans, non-human animals and other species. It starts with an examination of existing approaches to design and art that take into consideration relationships between humans and non-humans. We divide them into three types: one, which is focused on a wildlife protection, second which reflects on an animal perspective and third, which recognizes animals as creators. Departing from a critique of given approaches we propose a new one basing on theories of Will Kymlicka and Sue Donaldson, Donna Haraway, Joanna Bednarek and Bruno Latour. Thus the concept of zoepoliscould be defined as a city and a community of living creatures. It would be based not on a hierarchy but on relations on various levels. This concept leads us to a formulation of possible questions and challenges of this expanded community for design practice where material environment could mediate between species and facilitate the cohabitation.
Sprawczość w fabryce porcelany
Authors: Klekot Ewa
Published: May 2018

Ethnography of a porcelain factory is one of the main components of a research project called “People from the porcelain factory”. The project is carried out in the porcelain factory in Ćmielów, Poland, owned by PolskieFabrykiPorcelany “Ćmielów” i “Chodzież” S.A. The project consists of anthropological research (design anthropology and workplace anthropology) and an artistic intervention in the field. The intervention entails manufacturing Human Trace tableware set and exhibiting it both in the factory and outside, to the audience interested in design. The fieldwork in the factory allowed the author to interact with various actors of manufacturing process – both in a more observational mode of ethnography and a more participatory one during the tableware production. Witnessing the process of material transformation of raw material into a porcelain vessel was also fascinating. The article points at the role of different modes of knowing and various skills necessary for porcelain ware production and focuses on evaluation of different ways of knowing, skills and cognition.
Grime jako muzyka i etnografia kryzysu
Authors: Drozda Jacek
Published: May 2018

This article provides the reader with an overview of selected aspects of cultural significance of grime music and related phenomena. This musical genre creates an explicit background of contemporary social relations existing in multicultural, popular neighbourhoods of British cities. Grime’s relations with the media and the political surrounding partly resemble some features of the 1990’s “cultural boom”. However, grime and its network of relations live in the times of crisis. The overview of grime’s attributes presented hereinafter is an introduction to a wider study, currently in the process of development.
I’d like to mee tyou in a timeless, placeless place. Kobiecość i przestrzeń oczami Luce Irigary i Suzane Vegi
Authors: Rachubińska Klaudia
Published: May 2018

The article views American singer-songwriter Suzanne Vega's album Solitude Standing (1987) through the lens of the writings of a French psychoanalyst and feminist scholar Luce Irigaray. Vega's captivating stories of lonesome heroines stranded in monotonous and alienating urban landscapes resonate with Irigaray's concept of femininity as place. The questions of placement and placelessness that permeate the album make for an interesting context in which Irigaray's 'ethics of sexual difference' can be explored in relation to both the feminine experience and artistic practice.
Miasto jako ideologiczne zakotwiczenie. Miejskie motywy w tekstach zespołów rockowych i hiphopowych w województwie kujawsko-pomorskim
Authors: Lisiecki Marcin
Published: May 2018

The aim of the paper is threefold. Firstly, urban motives are closely related to problem of identification with town (street or district). Secondly, this kind of identification is very often connected with sport (in this cases with football and speedway). Thirdly, in rock band text, sometimes, urban motives are related toexistential concepts and reflections.
Home as Emotional Space in Marilynne Robinson’s Diptych about Gilead
Authors: Koval Marta
Published: May 2018

The article discusses the controversial nature of home in Marilynne Robinson’s novels Home and Gilead. Family histories of two aging ministers – the Rev. Ames and the Rev. Boughton – are narrated in a way that brings together transcendentalist admiration of human uniqueness, political urgencies of the mid-20th century, theological dilemmas, and ideas of domesticity, identity and belonging. The concepts of uprootedness (Simone Weil) and home as an asylum and prison (Tadeusz Sławek) are used to analyze Robinson’s novels. The article views the representation of home as a place that challenges the alleged American tolerance and open-mindedness and subverts traditional patterns of domesticity.
The Homely Sublime in Space Science Documentary Films: Domesticating the Feeling of Homelessness in Carl Sagan’s Cosmos and its Sequel
Authors: Boczkowska Kornelia
Published: May 2018

The paper discusses the ways of domesticating the feeling of sublime homelessness when contemplating the realm of outer space in Carl Sagan’s revolutionary television series Cosmos: A Personal Voyage (1980) and its present-day sequel Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey (2014) hosted by Neil deGrasse Tyson. Following World War II, a novel trend emerged in the science documentary film fueled by “popular science boom” or the “post-war bonanza” (Gregory and Miller, 37) and characterized by a gradual tendency to move toward more complicated representational extremes. Its form, best exemplified by the late 1970s and 1980s space science documentaries, relied on the scientist-hosted and stunningly realist format as well as a mediated experience of the astronomical and dynamic sublime. Partly contrary to this conception, the new ways of deriving spectator’s pleasure also involved both domesticating and trivializing the productions’ content, observable in references to domestic surroundings as well as familiar cultural and historical conventions, such as the frontier myth or urban sublime of New York City. The paper argues that examined documentaries, seen as multimedia spectacles, tend to domesticate outer space through reconciling the cosmic sublime with the notion of a homely, lived-in place.
The Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death, Doll-house Homicides, Foster Families,
and the Subversion of Domesticity in CSI: Las Vegas
Authors: Kolbuszewska Zofia
Published: May 2018

The article explores similarities and divergencies in how The Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death, doll-house style dioramas built by Frances Glessner Lee in the 1930s and 1940s in order to train homicide detectives, and miniature crime scenes crafted by a protagonist of the season 7 of the TV show CSI: Las Vegas modelled on them, figure female frustration connected with the traditional shape of family and domesticity. The dioramas reveal and simultaneously contain the foundational Derridean darkness underlying the concept of domesticity.
Juliana e Dom Jorge:Tradição e Transformação
Authors: Gabriel Maria Alice Ribeiro
Published: May 2018

Segundo Américo Paredes e Samuel Gordon Armistead (2005), na tradição oral e escrita, canções folclóricas e poemas narrativos são continuamente recriados, reformulados e reinterpretados por cantores e narradores tradicionais no modo como são passados de uma geração a outra, através de um processo criativo dinâmico. O objetivo deste artigo é expor e comentar algumas versões do romance hispânico Veneno de Moriana coletadas por Celso de Magalhães, Leite de Vasconcelos, Silvio Romero, Manuel da Costa Fontes e Pedro Nava. Apoiando-se nas considerações de Luís da Câmara Cascudo, Braulio do Nascimento, Peter Burke e outros, a análise propõe que a transmissão de romances ou baladas poderia combinar princípios orientadores da tradição oral e repertórios culturais particulares.
O ser, a terra e o céu: um olhar bachelardiano para a imaginação poética no improviso do repente na cantoria de viola
Authors: Nobrega Marcelo Vieira da , Mello Beliza Áurea De Arruda
Published: May 2018

De tradição essencialmente oral a cantoria de viola tem no improviso, no repente, a sua maior fertilidade poética. A questão que norteia este trabalho se funda na investigação da sua gênese, isto é, nos sentidos que fundam as metáforas geradoras do repente. Para tal, busca-se analisar, na teoria da imaginação material, proposta por Bachelard – constituída a partir, essencialmente, dos elementos materiais terra, água e ar - as matrizes geradoras da imaginação, responsáveis diretas pela riqueza de imagens que formatam as metáforas no improviso de viola. Em Heidegger busca-se investigar a soberania da linguagem como gestora das ações humanas, via poesia.
Incidências da morte no cancioneiro oral infantil português
Authors: Nogueira Carlos
Published: May 2018

No mundo ocidental, são muitas as vozes que nos vão lembrando, de tempos a tempos, que já não sabemos construir-nos vivendo e encarando a morte com frontalidade e dignidade. Assumiu-se que falar da morte é produzir uma dor ou um mal-estar que colidem com os valores da nossa sociedade, cada vez mais voltada para o culto da beleza e da eterna juventude. Até sensivelmente às décadas de 70 ou 80 do século passado, a sociedade portuguesa, sobretudo a mais rural, não escondia dos mais novos as doenças, o envelhecimento e a morte dos entes queridos. Hoje estes são temas praticamente proibidos e por isso muitas crianças são educadas sem o conhecimento da morte. Partindo destes pressupostos, abordaremos nesta comunicação a questão da morte na poesia oral e tradicional infantil portuguesa moderna e contemporânea. Veremos, em particular, se a morte aparece mais como personagem ou mais como acontecimento, reflectiremos sobre os seus tipos e as suas incidências semânticas, simbólicas e pragmáticas, e discutiremos se vale a pena trazer estes textos para o contexto educativo.
Chaucer Criollo: o recurso à poesia e à música popular na tradução dos “Contos da Cantuária”
Authors: Botelho José Francisco
Published: May 2018

Este artigo analisa certos aspectos poéticos, formais e vocabulares presentes em minha tradução de The Canterbury Tales, de Geoffrey Chaucer ‒ Contos da Cantuária, obra publicada pelo selo Penguin Companhia em 2013. Com o intuito de criar um efeito de aproximação e estranheza junto ao leitor brasileiro moderno, recorri, naquela tradução, a procedimentos literários inspirados na poesia popular e em gêneros da música regionalista de diferentes partes do Brasil. Tais procedimentos incluem a utilização da rima toante e a inserção de vocábulos de cunho regional em passagens específicas da obra. Discuto a fortuna variável da rima toante na história das formas literárias, especialmente o desprestígio em que caiu no século XIX, e cito exemplos de seu uso em canções populares brasileiras no século XX, relacionando esses elementos a passagens selecionadas dos Contos.
O “demo” rosiano - entre a poesia popular e o romantismo alemão
Authors: Rosenfield Kathrin Holzermayr
Published: May 2018

Este artigo trata das múltiplas inspirações temáticas, estilísticas e atmosféricas que chegam a uma perfeita fusão poética em Grande Sertão: Veredas. Rosa concilia as lições do Kunstmärchen (conto popular artístico do século XIX alemão) com as tradições da poesia popular brasileira.
Editorial
Authors: Mortensen Kristian , Due Brian
Published: May 2018

Welcome to the inaugural issue of Social Interaction. Video-Based Studies on Human Sociality – an open access online journal for analyses of sense-making practices in naturally occurring social interaction as well as methodological and conceptual discussions for empirically based studies.
SEARCHING FOR TROUBLE: RECRUITING ASSISTANCE THROUGH EMBODIED ACTION
Authors: Drew Paul , Kendrick Kobin H.
Published: May 2018

The recruitment of assistance constitutes a basic organisational problem for participants in social interaction. The methods of recruitment that we have identified include embodied displays of trouble, which create opportunities for others to give or offer assistance. In this report, we examine one coherent set of such embodied displays in detail: visible searches of the environment. We first distinguish between looking and searching as different forms of embodied action and then describe the specific embodied practices that participants use to produce visible searches.
Long-term evolution of preferences for conservation projects in Seto Inland Sea, Japan: A comprehensive analytic framework
Authors: Uehara Takuro , Tsuge Takahiro , Ota Takahiro
Published: May 2018

The long-term evolution of preferences for nature is crucial to conservation projects given their targeted long-term horizons. Neglecting to account for this evolution could lead to undesirable human−nature relationships. This study compares the willingness to pay (WTP) for three coastal conservation projects in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan, at two distant time points (1998 and 2015) and tests for temporal transferability. It also compares protest responses that are often overlooked in WTP practices, regardless of their utility for conservation projects. Given the lack of a unanimous protocol for protest response analyses and their use in estimating WTP, we propose a comprehensive analytic framework that integrates the two. We show that while preferences for coastal ecosystem services were overall stable and temporarily transferable, the preferences for certain aspects of conservation projects considerably changed. This suggests the need to reconsider the projects’ scheme, not the ecosystem services themselves, along with the clarification of beneficiaries and those responsible for past destruction. We conclude by suggesting further studies with focus on regions experiencing significant social-ecological changes, such as developing countries, by exploiting the rich asset of existing valuations. This could contribute to the database for more temporal-sensitive ecosystem service valuations utilized for benefit transfers.
Ultrasound-promoted synthesis of 2-organoselanyl-naphthalenes using Oxone® in aqueous medium as an oxidizing agent
Authors: Perin Gelson , Araujo Daniela Rodrigues , Nobre Patrick Carvalho , Lenardao Eder João , Jacob Raquel Guimarães , Silva Marcio Santos , Roehrs Juliano Alex
Published: May 2018

A green methodology to synthesize 2-organoselanyl-naphthalenes based on the reaction of alkynols with diaryl diselenides is described. The electrophilic species of selenium were generated in situ, by the oxidative cleavage of the Se–Se bond of diaryl diselenides by Oxone® using water as the solvent. The reactions proceeded efficiently under ultrasonic irradiation as an alternative energy source, using a range of alkynols and diorganyl diselenides as starting materials. Through this methodology, the corresponding 2-organoselanyl-naphthalenes were obtained in moderate to good yields (56–94%) and in short reaction times (0.25–2.3 h).
A survey of the views and capabilities of community pharmacists in Western Australia regarding the rescheduling of selected oral antibiotics in a framework of pharmacist prescribing
Authors: Sinkala Fatima , Parsons Richard , Sunderland Bruce , Hoti Kreshnik , Czarniak Petra
Published: May 2018

Background

Antibiotic misuse in the community contributes to antimicrobial resistance. One way to address this may be by better utilizing community pharmacists’ skills in antibiotic prescribing. The aims of this study were to examine the level of support for “down-scheduling” selected antibiotics and to evaluate factors determining the appropriateness of community pharmacist prescribing for a limited range of infections, including their decision to refer to a doctor.

Methods

Self-administered questionnaires, including graded case vignette scenarios simulating real practice, were sent to Western Australian community pharmacists. In addition to descriptive statistics and chi-square testing, a General Estimating Equation (GEE) was used to identify factors associated with appropriateness of therapy and the decision to refer, for each of the seven vignettes.

Results

Of the 240 pharmacists surveyed, 90 (37.5%) responded, yielding 630 responses to seven different case vignettes. There was more than 60% respondent support for expanded prescribing (rescheduling) of commonly prescribed antibiotics. Overall 426/630 (67.6%) chose to treat the patient while the remaining 204/630 (32.4%) referred the patient to a doctor. Of those electing to treat, 380/426 (89.2%) opted to use oral antibiotics, with 293/380 (77.2%) treating with an appropriate selection and regimen. The GEE model indicated that pharmacists were more likely to prescribe inappropriately for conditions such as otitis media (p= 0.0060) and urinary tract infection in pregnancy (p < 0.0001) compared to more complex conditions. Over 80% of all pharmacists would refer the patient to a doctor following no improvement within 3 days, or within 24 h in the case of community acquired pneumonia. It was more common for younger pharmacists to refer the patient to a doctor (p = 0.0165).

Discussion

This study adds further insight into community pharmacy/pharmacist characteristics associated with appropriateness of oral antibiotic selection and the decision to refer to doctors. These findings require consideration in designing pharmacist over-the-counter prescribing models for oral antibiotics.
Effects of nettle slurry (Urtica dioica L.) used as foliar fertilizer on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield and plant growth
Authors: Garmendia Alfonso , Raigón María Dolores , Marques Olmo , Ferriol María , Royo Jorge , Merle Hugo
Published: May 2018

Organic agriculture is becoming increasingly important, and many natural products are now available for organic farmers to manage and improve their crops. Several ethnobotanical studies have indicated that the use of nettle slurry as fertilizer in organic farming for horticultural crops is spreading. Sometimes, however, the consequences of using these natural products have been poorly evaluated, and there is very little scientific evidence for the effects of using these slurries. In this study, we aimed to analyze the possible effect of nettle slurry on potato yields produced by organic farming. To achieve this main objective, we assessed the effect of nettle slurry on potato yields, plant size and growth parameters, chlorophyll content, and the presence of pests and diseases. Different slurry doses were assessed in 36 plots and nine variables were measured during the crop cycle. Under these field experimental conditions, nettle slurry (including one treatment with Urtica in combination with Equisetum) had no significant effects on yield, chlorophyll content, or the presence of pests and diseases in organic potato crops. The highest chlorophyll content was found in the double dose treatment, but the difference was not significant. This result, together with a small improvement in plant height with the double dose treatment, might indicate very slight crop enhancement which, under our experimental conditions, was not enough to improve yield. The Urtica and Equisetum slurry chemical analyses showed very low levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
Evaporative Cooling Hydrogel Packaging for Storing Biologics Outside of the Cold Chain
Authors: Ferber Shiran , Behrens Adam M. , McHugh Kevin J. , Rosenberg Evan M. , Linehan Allison R. , Sugarman James L. , Jayawardena Hapuarachchige Surangi N. , Langer Robert , Jaklenec Ana
Published: May 2018

Stabilizing thermolabile pharmaceuticals outside of the cold chain has the potential to alleviate some of the logistical and monetary burden of providing health care access in the developing world. Evaporative cooling hydrogel packaging is designed to extend the storage stability of existing pharmaceutical products without the need for reformulation. Hydrogels with high water content and reversible hydrophilicity offer a promising platform for reducing storage temperatures without refrigeration. As a model, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) is selected as a basis for creating a potentially low cost and easy‐to‐fabricate hydrogels.
Assembly of Advanced Materials into 3D Functional Structures by Methods Inspired by Origami and Kirigami: A Review
Authors: Ning Xin , Wang Xueju , Zhang Yi , Yu Xinge , Choi Dongwhi , Zheng Ning , Kim Dong Sung , Huang Yonggang , Zhang Yihui , Rogers John A.
Published: May 2018

Origami and kirigami, the ancient techniques for making paper works of art, also provide inspiration for routes to structural platforms in engineering applications, including foldable solar panels, retractable roofs, deployable sunshields, and many others. Recent work demonstrates the utility of the methods of origami/kirigami and conceptually related schemes in cutting, folding, and buckling in the construction of devices for emerging classes of technologies, with examples in mechanical/optical metamaterials, stretchable/conformable electronics, micro/nanoscale biosensors, and large‐amplitude actuators. Specific notable progress is in the deployment of functional materials such as single‐crystal silicon, shape memory polymers, energy‐storage materials, and graphene into elaborate 3D micro and nanoscale architectures. This review highlights some of the most important developments in this field, with a focus on routes to assembly that apply across a range of length scales and with advanced materials of relevance to practical applications.
Crossed PtCoCu Alloy Nanocrystals with High‐Index Facets as Highly Active Catalyst for Methanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Xia Zhonghong , Zhang Purui , Feng Guang , Xia Dingguo , Zhang Jiujun
Published: May 2018

Nanocrystals with high‐index facets are arousing growing attention in terms of rational design of efficient electrocatalysts. Herein, ternary PtCoCu alloys with distinct crossed and dendritic structure are prepared via one‐pot approach simply by tuning the amount of serine. The electrocatalytic performances for methanol oxidation reaction by these PtCoCu alloys are examined. It turns out that the {hk0} high‐index facets‐covered surfaces endow the crossed PtCoCu alloy with 4.2‐fold improvement of specific activity relative to commercial Pt/C and with superior stability. This work provides a facile and feasible route for synthesizing tri‐ or multimetallic alloys for electrocatalytic applications.
Processing‐Dependent Microstructure of AgCl–CsAgCl2 Eutectic Photonic Crystals
Authors: Choi Jaewon , Kulkarni Ashish A. , Hanson Erik , Bacon‐Brown Daniel , Thornton Katsuyo , Braun Paul V.
Published: May 2018

Directional solidification of a eutectic melt allows control over the resultant eutectic microstructure, which in turn impacts both the mechanical and optical properties of the material. These self‐organized phase‐separated eutectic materials can be tuned to have periodicities from tens of micrometers down to nanometers. Furthermore, the two phases possess differences in their refractive index leading to interesting optical properties that can be tailored within the visible to infrared wavelength regime. It is found the binary salt eutectic AgCl–CsAgCl2 system forms a rod microstructure with sample draw rates up to 0.2 mm s−1 which transitions to a lamellar microstructure at draw rates greater than 0.36 mm s−1. Heat‐transfer simulations reveal a draw rate‐dependent direction of motion of the solidification front, which for a range of draw rates requires nucleation of the minority solid phase at the sample wall. Phase‐field modeling indicates that the initial eutectic structure at the sample boundary, either rod or lamellar, dictates the bulk eutectic morphology. These samples contain submicrometer periodicities which coupled with their optical transparency results in them exhibiting draw rate‐dependent near‐IR reflectance peaks consistent with stop bands for 2D hexagonal (rod) and 1D planar (lamellar) photonic crystals.
Tunable Mid‐Infrared Phase‐Change Metasurface
Authors: Dong Weiling , Qiu Yimei , Zhou Xilin , Banas Agnieszka , Banas Krzysztof , Breese Mark B. H. , Cao Tun , Simpson Robert E.
Published: May 2018

The intense light–matter interaction of plasmonic metasurfaces provides an appealing platform for optical sensing. To date, most metasurface sensors are not spectrally tuned. Moreover, they operate in a total reflection mode, which complicates the optical setup. Transmissive tunable filters are therefore desirable. A mid‐infrared (M‐IR) tunable metasurface is described that operates in transmission mode. The resonant frequency of the filter is tuned by nonvolatile phase transitions to the dielectric properties of the chalcogenide material Ge2Sb2Te5. A broad transmittance spectral shift of 500 nm across the M‐IR region is experimentally demonstrated. This shift is in good agreement with finite‐difference time‐domain simulations of the same structure. The design paves the way for on‐chip M‐IR multispectral interferometry and provides a promising approach for compact real‐time M‐IR measurements.
Ultraviolet Light‐Emitting Diode Using Nonpolar AlGaN Core–Shell Nanowire Heterostructures
Authors: Ra Yong‐Ho , Kang San , Lee Cheul‐Ro
Published: May 2018

Highly efficient nonpolar AlGaN nanowire ultraviolet light‐emitting diode is developed, wherein core–shell AlGaN multiple quantum well layers are incorporated in the nonpolar active regions. It is confirmed that the core–shell light‐emitting diode (LED) heterostructures are uniformly grown on the nonpolar surfaces of hexagonal GaN nanowires by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique. At room temperature, the nearly defect‐free core–shell AlGaN nanowire heterostructure exhibits high luminescence efficiency (≈74%) in the ultraviolet (UV) wavelength. Compared to conventional uniaxial AlGaN nanowire LED structure, the external quantum efficiency is significantly improved due to dramatically reduced dislocation density and suppressed polarization field, as well as improved carrier injection efficiency. Moreover, the absence of quantum‐confined Stark effect is clearly observed by power‐dependent cathodoluminescence and electroluminescence measurements. This study provides a viable path to realize high‐power UV LEDs, which is critically important for a broad range of applications, including sterilization, disinfection, sensing, and medical diagnostics.
Relaxation of Plasma Carriers in Graphene: An Approach by Frequency‐Dependent Optical Conductivity Measurement
Authors: Choi Wookjin , Nishiyama Hayate , Ogawa Yui , Ueno Yuko , Furukawa Kazuaki , Takeuchi Tomohiro , Tsutsui Yusuke , Sakurai Tsuneaki , Seki Shu
Published: May 2018

The relaxation time and mobility of electrons on graphene are deduced quantitatively by complex permittivity analysis with microwave dielectric loss spectroscopy. Hexagonal graphene sheets with uniform domain sizes from 6 to 30 µm, which target the mean free path of electrons on graphene based on the significantly longer turnover time of microwave probing at gigahertz (GHz) frequencies as compared to the relaxation time of electrons, are employed to determine the factors for carrier relaxation at the intradomain and grain boundaries. The changes in the complex permittivity by carrier injections clearly show an evidence of plasma carriers in graphene. This result validates the plasma carrier model with the restoring force in the GHz regime instead of the free carrier model, which is applied to analyze the optical conductivity over the terahertz (THz) regime. Based on Dirac massless fermions in graphene, the relaxation time of electrons is estimated to be 250–450 fs from the changes in complex permittivity, which are experimentally determined by frequency‐dependent microwave conductivity measurements. The obtained relaxation time shows a positive correlation with the domain size of graphene, implying that the scattering dominantly occurs at the domain boundary.
Surface‐Passivated Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots: Toward Efficient Light‐Emitting Diodes with an Inverted Sandwich Structure
Authors: Chen Weiwei , Tang Xiaosheng , Wangyang Peihua , Yao Zhiqiang , Zhou Dan , Chen Fenggui , Li Shiqi , Lin Hao , Zeng Fanju , Wu Daofu , Sun Kuan , Li Meng , Huang Yi , Hu Wei , Zang Zhigang , Du Juan
Published: May 2018

In recent years, metal‐halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have been broadly applied in optoelectronic fields due to their fascinating characteristics, such as high photoluminescence quantum yields, tunable bandgaps, and low‐cost solution processing. Here, a facile ligand‐exchange strategy is employed for the fabrication of CsPbBr3 QDs capped with di‐dodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide. It is demonstrated that the treated QDs' film becomes more compact with higher electron mobility and shorter lifetime. Besides, a reduced conduction band minimum value (0.28 eV) of perovskite QDs' film provides an efficient electron injection to them from ZnO nanoparticles. Through using the well‐passivated QDs' film, electroluminescence QD light‐emitting diode (QLED) devices with an indium tin oxide/ZnO/CsPbBr3 QDs/MoO3/4, 4′‐bis(carbazole‐9‐yl)biphenyl/Al inverted sandwich structure are achieved. The as‐prepared QLED device exhibits a maximum current efficiency of 0.62 cd A−1 and an external quantum efficiency of 0.58%, which is nearly nine times higher than that of the device based on unmodified QDs. More importantly, the stability testing results demonstrate that the QLED can be operated for more than 20 min under ambient conditions without any encapsulation. This provides an alternative route for highly efficient perovskite‐based LED with inverted sandwich structures.
Using Simple Fused‐Ring Thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine to Construct Orange/Red Ir(III) Complexes: High‐Performance Red Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with EQEs up to Nearly 28%
Authors: Jiang Bei , Zhao Chenyang , Ning Xiaowen , Zhong Cheng , Ma Dongge , Yang Chuluo
Published: May 2018

In this article, a promising molecular design strategy for obtaining highly efficient orange/red iridium complexes by utilizing simple fused‐ring thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives as the cyclometalated ligands is reported. The introduction of a pyrimidine moiety lowers the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels and consequently narrows the HOMO–LUMO (HOMO = highest occupied molecular orbital) energy gaps to obtain orange/red emissions. As a result, a series of phosphorescent iridium complexes, namely, PMD‐Ir‐1, PMD‐Ir‐2, PMD‐Ir‐3, and PMD‐Ir‐4, with emission peaks in the range of 578–614 nm are obtained. Notably, phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) utilizing PMD‐Ir‐2 and PMD‐Ir‐3 as emitters exhibit orange and red emissions with maximum external quantum efficiencies up to 24.5% and 27.6%, respectively. These results clearly demonstrate that the thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐based iridium complexes have great potential for fabricating high‐performance orange/red OLEDs.
Metal Hydride‐Based Hydrogen Storage Tank Coupled with an Urban Concept Fuel Cell Vehicle: Off Board Tests
Authors: Capurso Giovanni , Schiavo Benedetto , Jepsen Julian , Lozano Gustavo A. , Metz Oliver , Klassen Thomas , Dornheim Martin
Published: May 2018

In this work, the tests of a hydrogen storage system intended for vehicular applications, using a metal hydride as storage material, are reported. The system is designed to deliver gas to a fuel cell prototype vehicle. The room temperature hydride is an interstitial alloy, which is selected for its capacity to absorb and desorb hydrogen over an appropriate range of temperature and pressure. The static tests aim to assess whether the requirements for hydrogen release are reliably met by the tank setup. Hypothetical on‐road tests have been designed and applied. Dynamic tests allow moving from energy to power density. Solutions are adopted to face the issues of thermal management at higher‐demanding performances. Several cycles have been performed to find the ideal settings to preserve high average and peak gas flow in a realistic situation. The use of a metal hydride, to replace pressurized gas, results in improved performances, including an extended range at lower loading pressures. Decreasing the pressure in the storage system enables the advantageous possibility to reload the tank several times with commercially available cylinders. Possible future enhancements in the reduction of the total weight of the system are also considered.
One‐pot synthesis of binderless zeolite A spheres via in situ hydrothermal conversion of silica gel precursors
Authors: Sun Hui , Sun Zhongwei , Shen Benxian , Liu Jichang , Li Gengnan , Wu Di , Zhang Yuxin
Published: May 2018

One‐pot synthesis route was explored for preparing binderless zeolite A via an in situ hydrothermal transformation process involving the preformation of silica gel precursors. Synthesis process was optimized and resulting samples were characterized using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, EDS, 29Si and 27Al NMR spectroscopy, SEM, HRTEM, and pore structure analyses. Furthermore, the kinetics for the in situ synthesis was investigated and the underlying crystallization mechanism was interpreted. The transformation of silica precursors was accomplished via controlling the synthesis parameters which govern the crystallization through determining the dissolution rate of silica nanoparticles, diffusion of Al species into silica precursors and crystal nuclei growth. Subsequently, Al species could contact and react with released Si species from silica nanoparticles to build the structural units that finally construct the LTA framework through self‐organized arrangement. On pure zeolite A phase basis, the synthesized binderless sample exhibits higher specific surface area and n‐paraffins adsorption capacity than binder‐containing zeolite. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 4027–4038, 2018
In‐situcharacterization of deposits in ceramic hollow fiber membranes by compressed sensing RARE‐MRI
Authors: Schuhmann S. , Schork N. , Beller K. , Nirschl H. , Oerther T. , Guthausen G.
Published: May 2018

Ultrafiltration with ceramic hollow fiber membranes was investigated by compressed sensing rapid acquisition relaxation enhancement (CS‐RARE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to characterize filtration mechanisms. Sodium alginate was used as a model substance for extracellular polymeric substances. Dependent on the concentration of divalent ions like Ca2+in an aqueous alginate solution, the characteristics of the filtration change from concentration polarization to a gel layer. The fouling inside the membrane lumen could be measured by MRI with a CS‐RARE pulse sequence. Contrast agents have been used to get an appropriate contrast between deposit and feed. The lumen was analyzed quantitatively by exploring the membrane's radial symmetry, and the resulting intensity could be modeled. Thus, different fouling mechanisms could be distinguished. CS‐RARE‐MRI was proven to be an appropriate in situ tool to quantitatively characterize the deposit formation during in‐out filtration processes. The results were underlined by flux interruption experiments and length dependent studies, which make it possible to differentiate between gel layer or cake filtration and concentration polarization filtration processes. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical EngineersAIChE J, 64: 4039–4046, 2018
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Site‐Selective C−H Halogenation Reactions
Authors: Das Riki , Kapur Manmohan
Published: May 2018

Aryl halides are an indispensably important class of compounds owing to their role as precursors in the synthesis of organometallic reagents and nucleophilic substitution reactions. In addition, with the advent of cross‐coupling chemistry, the importance of aryl halides has increased tremendously, and they are therefore classified as the core building blocks in organic synthesis. With the recent advances in the area of transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H functionalization, metal‐catalyzed C−H halogenation has emerged as a modern tool in organic synthesis. This focus review highlights the significant developments in the area of directed C−H halogenation reactions, particularly in the last two years.
Recent Developments in the C(sp3)−H Functionalization of 2‐Oxindoles through Radical Reactions
Authors: Chen Wei‐Ting , Wei Wen‐Ting
Published: May 2018

3‐Substituted 2‐oxindoles are prevalent in a variety of natural products and bioactive compounds. As such, the synthesis of these molecules is highly desirable. This Focus Review provides a critical overview of recent developments (in particular, reports since 2013) in the C(sp3)−H functionalization of 2‐oxindoles through radical reactions. The main achievements in this field are presented according to the bonds that are formed. Special attention is paid to the reaction mechanisms, and a personal outlook on future developments in this research area is provided.
Designed To React: Terminal Copper Nitrenes and Their Application in Catalytic C−H Aminations
Authors: Moegling Julian , Hoffmann Alexander , Thomas Fabian , Orth Nicole , Liebhäuser Patricia , Herber Ulrich , Rampmaier Robert , Stanek Julia , Fink Gerhard , Ivanović‐Burmazović Ivana , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja
Published: May 2018

Heteroscorpionate ligands of the bis(pyrazolyl)methane family have been applied in the stabilisation of terminal copper tosyl nitrenes. These species are highly active intermediates in the copper‐catalysed direct C−H amination and nitrene transfer. Novel perfluoroalkyl‐pyrazolyl‐ and pyridinyl‐containing ligands were synthesized to coordinate to a reactive copper nitrene centre. Four distinct copper tosyl nitrenes were prepared at low temperatures by the reaction with SO2tBuPhINTs and copper(I) acetonitrile complexes. Their stoichiometric reactivity has been elucidated regarding the imination of phosphines and the aziridination of styrenes. The formation and thermal decay of the copper nitrenes were investigated by UV/Vis spectroscopy of the highly coloured species. Additionally, the compounds were studied by cryo‐UHR‐ESI mass spectrometry and DFT calculations. In addition, a mild catalytic procedure has been developed where the copper nitrene precursors enable the C−H amination of cyclohexane and toluene and the aziridination of styrenes.