bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paz’s A Draft of Shadows: Rewriting the Past, the Present and the Self
Authors: Solis Luis
Published: October 2021

Pasado en Claro (A Draft of Shadows) was first published in 1975. This long poem is the mental journey Paz embarks upon in pursuit of his own personal paradise. This article focuses on three of important concepts Paz explores in this poem and in his literary output as a whole: the scope of language, memory and otherness. In the case of language, and its expression in poetry, Paz’s most eloquent pages can be found in The Bow and the Lyre (1956), but especially in The Monkey Grammarian (1970), the account of another journey, through language and the acts of writing and reading. As a personal attempt at regaining a mythical past, A Draft of Shadows affords a view of both the vast narrative of Mexican history and Paz’s personal retelling of his own past. A journey like this is only possible via the winding path of memory, its expression in language, and an identity created as it follows its own trail.
Supernatural Characters in the Quasi-Historical Discourse of Modern Ukrainian Literature: Specificity and Functions
Authors: Nikolova Oleksandra , Vasylyna Kateryna
Published: October 2021

: The article is aimed at the study of Ukrainian quasi-historical novels of the early 21st century, characterized by the renunciation of “objectivity” of the narrative and emphasized the role of imagination. These are the pieces by Bakalets and Yarish (“From the Seventh Bottom”), Vynnychuk (“The Pharmacist”, “Lutetia”), and by Yatsenko (“Nechui. Nemov. Nebach”). The study reveals the features and functions of fantastic characters in the abovementioned novels. These fictional images of modern Ukrainian quasihistorical literary discourse are characterized by infernality, grotesque anthropomorphism, destruction of traditional antinomy “otherworldly– earthly/human”, philosophical and ironic coloring. Interpreting the fantasy in quasi-historical novels is expedient in the context of the global problem of perception of historical past by people of the 21st Century, with an emphasis on significant changes in public consciousness motivating writers to “Re-write/Reimagine the past”. The spread of this phenomenon reveals public distrust of the authorities, offering “correct” answers to the questions about past events, protest against permanent manipulation of historical facts (the tendency of growing consciousness and intellectualization of society).
Nature as Space: Gender Roles and Subversion in Edna O’Brien’s “A Scandalous Woman”
Authors: George Christopher Herman
Published: October 2021

The rigid social conventions for women in rural twentieth century Ireland, specifically that of the nun and the mother, are illustrated and subsequently subverted by the figures of the scandalous woman and the witch in Edna O’Brien’s short story, “A Scandalous Woman”. Most of the scholarship on this short story and O’Brien’s work in general has been focused on the gender roles in terms of women’s rights. The purpose of this paper, however, is to explore the interrelationship between both the accepted and subversive roles of women, and at the same time demonstrate how social conventions are made subversive by the natural surroundings, outlining both the conventional and subversive nature symbolism which underpins conventional morality. Nature takes on various guises in the story: it has symbolic importance as spiritual sustenance, it has an underlying psychological component, and finally it is present in both erotic and esoteric situations. Spaces are inexorably intertwined with religion and the role of the women in the story, specifically in the context of Eily, the protagonist, and her progression from an innocent girl to a scandalous woman. These connections also serve to illustrate the main character’s progression from innocent girl to scandalous woman in terms of the interactions of gender, nature, and space.
Metaleptic Rewriting as Sham Authorial Justice in Flann O’Brien’s At Swim-Two-Birds
Authors: Paris-Popa Andreea
Published: October 2021

In Flann O’Brien’s At Swim-Two-Birds, a postmodernist novel avant la lettre, literary entities rewrite literary texts, including those in which they exist and I argue that they do so through metaleptic rewriting and in pursuit of different types of authorial justice, all of which are infelicitous. The novel’s intense self-reflexivity and intricate metafictional games create a foundation that is too fluid to sustain the weight of a heavy concept such as justice. Thus, myriad fictional worlds filled with authors wishing to impose what they deem to be fair in their own literary universe interact, intersect and overlap, allowing their justice-motivated characters to metaleptically transgress their ontological levels in order to undo the wrongs of their authors. Yet, in a novel that promotes itself as ‘a self-evident sham’, such attempts are mocked at every step and the quest for fairness is replaced by the thirst for authorial power.
Trajectories of housing affordability and mental health problems: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Dotsikas Kate , Osborn David , Walters Kate , Dykxhoorn Jennifer
Published: October 2021

Purpose: With housing costs increasing faster than incomes and a limited supply of social housing options, many households face unaffordable housing. Housing affordability problems may negatively impact mental health, however longitudinal evidence is limited. This study investigates the association between trajectories of housing affordability problems and mental health. Methods: We used data from 30,025 households from Understanding Society, a longitudinal household survey from the UK. Participants spending 30% or more of household income on housing were categorised as facing housing affordability problems. We estimated group-based trajectories of housing affordability problems from 9 waves of data (2009-2019). We used linear regression to calculate the association between the trajectories and mental health problems, as measured by General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) score in Wave 10 (2018-2020). Results: We found six distinct trajectories of housing affordability problems. Those in the ‘stable low’ group had a consistently low probability of affordability problems, while those in ‘high falling’ group had a sustained high probability in the earlier waves of the study, subsequently decreasing over time. The adjusted analysis showed that trajectory group membership over the first nine waves of data predicted GHQ score in 2018-2020 (Wave 10). Compared to the ‘stable low’ group, those in the ‘high falling’ group had a GHQ score that was 1.06 (95% CI 0.53-1.58) points higher.Conclusions: This study provides evidence that sustained exposure to housing affordability problems is associated with a long-term negative mental health impact, even in the absence of more recent problems.
Hospitalitas kepemimpinan dalam komunikasi politik global dengan mengutamakan iman
Authors: Yuslin
Published: October 2021

keyakinan akan mutlakan tidak harus mengakibatkan disharmoni antara manusia yang berbeda-beda keyakinan melainkan tetap dapat menjalankan tugas perdamian. Antropologi Calvinisme yang meyakini adanya kebenaran, keadilan dan kesucian pada manusia mendorong pengembangan demokrasi. Anugerah umum bagi semua manusia menggerakan siap hatiyang untuk menerima keragaman. Manusia diciptakan sebagai gambar Allah mereflesikan sifat Rohani untuk beribadah kepada Allah.
Differential expression of DCLK1 in cancer of the vulva.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2021

In these brief notes we document work using published microarray data (1, 2) to pioneer integrative transcriptome analysis comparing vulvar carcinoma to its tissue of origin, the vulva. We report the differential expression of doublecortin-like kinase 1, encoded by DCLK1, in cancer of the vulva. DCLK1 may be of pertinence to understanding transformation and disease progression in vulvar cancer (3).
Cannabis Use as a Predictor and Outcome of Positive and Negative Affect in College Students: an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
Authors: Sznitman Sharon , van Rijswijk Lukas , Cousijn Janna
Published: October 2021

Background: Little is known about the associations between negative affect (NA), positive affect (PA) and cannabis use in the daily life of recreational non-treatment seeking cannabis users. Self-medication models predict that NA is a precursor of use and that NA will be relatively low shortly after use. Positive reinforcement models suggest that PA is a precursor of use and that PA will be relatively high shortly after cannabis use. These associations may be stronger among individuals with higher cannabis-related problems.Aims: To examine the associations between (a) momentary within-person variations in NA and PA and intention to use cannabis within the next hour, (b) the within-person variations in time elapsed since last cannabis use, amount used and momentary NA and PA, and (c) to test whether cannabis-related problems moderates these associations. Method: Eighty, more than weekly, cannabis using students at the University of Amsterdam reported on cannabis use, NA and PA three times daily for 14 consecutive days. Mixed-effects models were used to analyze the data. Results: Within-persons, relatively high PA and low NA were associated with intention to use cannabis. Within-persons, more recent and greater amounts of cannabis use were associated with relatively high PA. More recent cannabis use was associated with relatively low NA. Cannabis-related problems did not moderate any of these associations. Conclusions: While recent cannabis use related to higher PA and lower NA, high PA but low NA preceded use, supporting positive reinforcement rather than self-medication in this college sample of regular cannabis users.
Statistical Reliability Analysis of Interplanetary Spacecraft Operating at Different Interplanetary Extremity
Authors: Biswal M Malaya Kumar
Published: October 2021

Reliability of the spacecraft determines the extent of success probability and mission accomplishment. Despite effective testing and integration, the complexity of the space environment affects reliability. In this paper, we investigate the reliability behaviour of interplanetary spacecraft operating at different interplanetary extremities. So, our investigation assesses spacecraft inhered in interplanetary space with the context of the interplanetary boundary (between distinct planetary orbit or within the bounds of heliopause). From the perspective of spacecraft reliability in interplanetary space, we have excluded planetary landers, atmospheric probes, and satellites maneuvering earth orbit. Thus, we have identified 131 spacecraft (includes 82 probes within the bounds of Sun and the Earth, and 49 within the bounds of Earth and Heliopause) along with their gross mass at launch and lifespan. Based on acquired data, we first conduct a non-parametric analysis of spacecraft reliability to obtain two reliability curves for distinct interplanetary extremity. We then perform a parametric fit (Weibull Distribution) over the data to show the analogy of reliability behaviour. Results showed that the spacecraft operating beyond the extremity of the Earth and the Mars exhibits increased reliability than any other interplanetary extremity. In addition to this, we execute reliability analysis over spacecraft of various mass categories (Small-Medium-Large) to testify the reliability effect interpreted by Dubos in 2010. Finally, we discuss the possible factors and causes accountable for the difference in reliability behaviour concerning the spacecraft design and integration, testing, and constraints in considering spacecraft mass.
Employee Agility - Eric Vincent
Authors: vincent eric
Published: October 2021

Semakin berkembangnya zaman, seluruh aspek kehidupan juga terus mengalami perkembangan. Semua aktivitas manusia telah dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan teknologi yang kian pesat. Karena teknologi telah menjadi aspek yang mendampingi manusia sehari hari, tenaga kerja dituntut untuk memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan terhadap teknologi. Pada masa dimana teknologi terus membantu kehidupan manusia, para pebisnis juga mulai mengimplementasikan teknologi kedalam bisnisnya. Untuk dapat bersaing dan memaksimalkan teknologi yang tersedia, perusahaan membutuhkan karyawan yang memiliki kemampuan dalam teknologi.
Hospitalitas Dan Kepemimpinan Yang Handal Dalam Melayani
Authors: Meilani Fransiska
Published: October 2021

Seorang pemimpin yang baik melihat pekerjaan sebagai sarana untuk mencapai suatu sasaran yang istimewa. Untuk menjadi pemimpin, kita harus menghargai keterampilan serta keahlian dan peran serta orang lain. konsep inkarnasi dalam teologi Kristen merujuk kepada pribadi dan karya Yesus Kristus. Tulisan Paulus dalam Filipi 2:1-11 menekankan tentang hakekat dan relevansi inkarnasi Yesus Kristus, di mana Ia menjadi manusia seutuhnya untuk melayani. Tekanan kepada “Melayani” merupakan inti dari pola inkarnasi ini. Lee Brase berkata, jika Anda melatih seseorang maka ia akan menjadi seperti Anda tetapi jika Anda melayaninya, langit adalah batas dari perkembangannya. Kebenaran ini telah ditekankan oleh Yesus Kristus berulang- ulang dalam ajaran-Nya. pada inkarnasi Yesus Kristus inilah terletak dasar dan dinamika bagi Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Kristen (PSDMK). sasaran terpadu dari pola pengembangan inkarnasi ini ialah terwujudnya pembentukan karakter Kristen yang berpusatkan Kristus pada diri pemimpin Kristen. Formasi pengembangan pemimpin Kristen bergerak secara formatif mengembangkan pemimpin kepada arah “formasi rohani, formasi strategis, dan formasi pelayanan” dari seorang individu Kristen. Sasaran formatif ini adalah sasaran pengembangan utuh dari pengembangan sumber daya manusia Kristen. Pengembangan formatif diharapkan dapat melengkapi sumber daya manusia Kristen untuk menjadi manusia yang efektif, efisien, serta produktif. Manusia Kristen seperti ini adalah manusia yang menemukan diri sebagai manusia pembangun, yang bertanggung jawab membangun diri yang pada gilirannya ia menjadi pembangun orang lain.
Development, Validation, and Evidence of Measurement Invariance of a Shortened Measure of Trait Test Anxiety
Authors: Ober Teresa , Liu Cheng , Cheng Alison
Published: October 2021

We develop and validate a short self-report measure of test anxiety, the Trait Test Anxiety Inventory - Short (TTAI-S) following the Kane (2013) validation framework. Data were collected from three independent samples of college students in the U.S. (N=629; Mage=22.25 years). Evidence was gathered to support three aspects of the validity argument (i.e., scoring, extrapolation, generalization). Good internal consistency and confirmed structure of a single factor supported scoring inferences. Scalar measurement invariance between different samples (Internet v. undergraduate students) and demographic subgroups (i.e., gender, race/ethnicity, and parental educational attainment) provided evidence for generalization inferences. Significant associations between the TTAI-S score and theoretically relevant (state test anxiety, performance expectation, and self-confidence in math) and weaker associations with less relevant constructs (enjoyment, motivation, and values in learning math) substantiated extrapolation inferences. Having established measurement invariance, we examined demographic differences and found that students historically underserved or underrepresented in STEM disciplines reported greater test anxiety than their counterparts. These findings support the validity of the TTAI-S, a concise measure that is easy to administer and easy to score. The TTAI-S may be used to further investigate trait test anxiety for a diverse population, particularly factors that may contribute to or mitigate group differences.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Medicinal Plants BerberisAsiatica and Cassia Fistula and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-bacterial Activities
Authors: Khadka Deegendra , Regmi Rachana , Shrestha Mitesh , Raj Banjara Megha
Published: October 2021

The application of silver nanoparticles in various sectors including health related field is remarkably profound. Nowadays, the research of synthesizing metal nanoparticles (MNPs) using plant extracts is fascinating field as it offers the eco-friendly and cost-effective method for nanoparticle synthesis. In this study, we synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using methanolic extract of B.asiatica and C. fistula regarding their ethnomedical importance. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). UV-vis spectroscopy exhibited the characteristic Surface Plasmon Peak of silver nanoparticle~420 nm.FTIR data were measured to get a preliminary idea on the functional groups responsible for the stabilization of AgNPs. XRD data confirmed the natural crystal structure with a face centered cubic of AgNPs. The antibacterial activity of biosynthesized AgNPs was assessed by testing promptly available gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli bacterial strain and antioxidant activity was calculated by DPPH assay. The overall outcomes of the studies concluded that the application of the biogenic synthesis of AgNPs of B. asiaticaas an antioxidant and antibacterial agent is more potent showing IC50 value 65.1±1.30 μg/mL and the highest zone of inhibition 15 mm in diameter against S. aureus.
Application of Multivariate Approaches to the Hydro-chemical Assessment of the Ghodaghodi Lake, Sudurpaschim Province, Nepal
Authors: Raj Pant Ramesh , Bahadur Pal Khadka , Bishwakarma Kiran , B Thapa Lal , Dangol Alina , Dawadi Binod , Poudel Pramod , Bhattarai Binod , Raj Joshi Tarka , Raj Bhatt Youb
Published: October 2021

Wetlands are considered the most diverse and productive ecosystems in the world, providing life-sustaining ecological services. Hydrochemical variables of the Ghodaghodi Lake situated in Far west Nepal were studied using multivariate statistical approaches to investigate the characteristics of water quality of the lake. A total of 10water samples were collected and analyzed for water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, salinity, dissolved oxygen, major ions, and dissolved Si in the pre-monsoon season during 2017.The water quality assessment was carried out by applying sodium percentage, sodium adsorption ratio, permeability index, Kelly’s ratio, magnesium adsorption ratio, action ratio of soil structural stability, and water quality index. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to evaluate the geochemical and anthropogenic processes and to identify factors influencing the ionic concentrations. The results revealed that the water was slightly alkaline with low ionic strength and remarkable spatial variations. The hydrochemistry of the lake was mainly controlled by rock weathering as the dominant Ca2+-HCO3- facies. The principal component analysis provided three major components exhibiting the diverse sources of natural and anthropogenic chemicals, including agricultural fertilizers, leakage of sewages near the human settlements, etc. The measured hydrochemical parameters indicate that lake water lies within the safe drinking water and irrigational standards. However, special consideration should be taken to control the concentrations of NO3- due to increasing anthropic activities.
Children’s Negative Emotionality, Mothers’ Depression, and Parental Warmth in Predicting Children’s School Readiness in Low-Income Korean Families: The Role of Fathers’ Positive Involvement
Authors: Han Seunghee , Ko Kwangman
Published: October 2021

This study examined how the longitudinal associations among children’s negative emotionality, mothers’ depressive symptoms, parental warmth, and children’s school readiness and whether the associations vary as a function of fathers’ positive involvement in low-income South Korean families. Participants were 399 families including mothers (Mage= 32.54 years at Time 1), fathers (Mage= 35.23 years at Time 1), and children (Mage= 38.92 months at Time 1; 50.5% boys) in the Panel Study on Korean Children. Results revealed that children’s negative emotionality was indirectly associated with their school readiness three years later, through its association with mothers’ depressive symptoms and warmth. Mothers’ warmth mediated the association between mothers’ depressive symptoms and children’s school readiness, and fathers’ warmth mediated the association between fathers’ positive involvement and children’s school readiness. Our findings revealed the family processes underlying children’s school readiness development in low-income Korean family contexts. Our findings also provide information useful for efforts to detect family risks and to establish family policies to promote low-income children’s school readiness.
Deep-Inspirational Breath-Hold (DIBH) Technique in Left-Sided Breast Cancer: An Institutional Review
Authors: Iqbal Khalid , Amjad Noreen , Butt Sumera , Ranjha Fajar Rafi , Minhas Sajid Anees , Shamsi Qurat ul Ain , Iqbal Khalid
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The study of clinical effectiveness of deep-inspirational breath-hold (DIBH) in left breast cancer radiotherapy (RT) was aimed at focusing on dosimetry and organs at risk (OARs) evaluation. A retrospective study was conducted to assess the heart and ipsilateral lung V30 for DIBH technique and to compare with free breathing (FB) technique. Clinical data shows that by increasing the inhalation amplitude value (cm), the maximum heart distance decreases in the treatment field.
Materials and Methods: Thirty left-sided breast and chest wall patients were CT scanned on 4DCT with DIBH. These patients were chosen for the DIBH technique with the ability to hold their breath for more than 20 seconds. Radiotherapy of these patients was planned using field-in-field planning technique, and OAR doses were observed using the institutionally specified DIBH protocol.
Results: The mean heart dose was less than 3Gy. Whereas V2Gy and V10Gy were less than 30% and 5%. The mean ipsilateral lung dose was 7.59 Gy. Ipsilateral lung V30 was less than 25% with ±10% margins. It is found that by increasing the inhaling amplitude (cm) heart involvement in the tangential treatment field decreases.
Conclusion: DIBH is an easy and highly efficient treatment technique for reducing the mean dose of the heart and V30 of ipsilateral lung. The maximum heart distance decreases as the baseline of inhalation increases due to heart doses.
Osteoarthritis and Hyperuricemia: Is There a Relationship?
Authors:   V.A. Nasonova Scientific and Research Institute of Rheumatology, Taskina E.A. ,   Moscow, Russian Federation, Alekseeva L.I. ,   V.A. Nasonova Scientific and Research Institute of Rheumatology; Moscow, Russian Federation, Kashevarova N.G. ,   V.A. Nasonova Scientific and Research Institute of Rheumatology; Moscow, Russian Federation, Panevin T.S. ,   V.A. Nasonova Scientific and Research Institute of Rheumatology; Moscow, Russian Federation,   Consultation and Diagnostic Centre at the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation; Moscow, Russian Federation, Lila A.M. ,   V.A. Nasonova Scientific and Research Institute of Rheumatology; Moscow, Russian Federation,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education at the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

Objective of the Review: To present the current information on the relations between osteoarthritis (OA) and hyperuricemia (HU). Key Points. Despite the fact that HU is frequently diagnosed in patients with OA, the pathogenic mechanisms of the relationship between these conditions have been studied poorly. Whether HU plays a role in development and progression of OA is still a matter of argument; still, HU can be an aggravating predictor of OA. Higher levels of uric acid are associated with more advanced Rg stages of OA. Conclusion. The article presents evidences of the relationship between uric acid concentration and development/progression and more complicated course of OA. Therefore, it is advisable to lower the uric acid concentration, which is likely to slow down OA progression. Keywords: osteoarthritis, hyperuricemia, uric acid.
Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Associated with a Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors:   V.A. Nasonova Scientific and Research Institute of Rheumatology, Karateev A.E. ,   Moscow, Russian Federation, Lila A.M. ,   V.A. Nasonova Scientific and Research Institute of Rheumatology; Moscow, Russian Federation,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education at the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Moscow; Moscow, Russian Federation, Alekseeva L.I. ,   V.A. Nasonova Scientific and Research Institute of Rheumatology; Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

Objective of the Review: To describe the problem of chronic musculoskeletal pain associated with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Key Points. COVID-19 is a disease caused by the novel coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2, characterised by multiple organ damage, systemic immune inflammation, coagulopathy, and serious neuroendocrine and metabolic disorders. The consequences of COVID-19, even with a relatively favourable course of this disease, can be degenerative changes in many organs (primarily, diffuse fibrosis), various functional and mental disorders. Therefore, in some patients (10% to 50%, depending on the severity of the course of COVID-19), various symptoms of the disease persist for a long time after the acute manifestations of the infection subside. This condition has been called “post-COVID syndrome” (PCS), or “long-term COVID-19”. One of the main manifestations of PCS is musculoskeletal pain, weakness and fatigue. COVID-19-induced damage to the musculoskeletal and nervous systems can contribute to the exacerbation of diseases characterised by chronic pain. PCS management should be aimed at correcting functional disorders, pain control, and active rehabilitation of patients. Conclusion. Chronic pain is one of PCS manifestations that requires special attention, timely diagnosis, and comprehensive individual therapy. Keywords: COVID-19, post-COVID syndrome, musculoskeletal pain.
Shoulder Pain in Swimmers
Authors: Othman Gomaa
Published: October 2021

Shoulder pain is the most important symptom that affects competitive swimmers, with a prevalence between 40 – 91%, and it constitutes a special syndrome called the “swimmer’s shoulder”. This syndrome, described by Kennedy and Hawkins in 1974 consists in discomfort after swimming activities in a first step. This may progress to pain during and after training. Finally, the pain affects the pro23wsq2wgress of the athlete.
Open Thoracotomy and Decortication for Chronic Empyema Thoracis: Our Experience
Authors: Umar Abubakar
Published: October 2021

Background: Empyema thoracis is defined as the presence of pus in the pleural space or a purulent pleural effusion. Chronic empyema is characterized by thickened visceral and parietal peels which hamper the ability of the affected lung to re-expand and requires definitive surgical intervention. In a resource constraint environment like our, open thoracotomy and decortication is the treatment of choice. The aim of this article is to review our experience with cases of chronic empyema thoracis that had thoracotomy and decortication Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive and observational study. Medical records of patients who had thoracotomy and decortication on account of chronic empyema thoracis in the cardiothoracic surgery unit of our hospital between 2012 and 2020 were retrieved and reviewed. The information obtained from the records included gender, age, premorbid conditions, aetiology of empyema, cultures of pleural fluids, histology results of the cortex removed, duration of chest tube drainage, duration of hospital stay, postoperative complications and outcome. Results: One hundred and eighty-five patients diagnosed with empyema thoracis were seen in the study period. Sixty-five patients had thoracotomy and decortication on account of chronic empyema thoracis while the remaining 120 (64.9%) had closed tube thoracostomy drain insertion. Male: female was 5:1, mean age at presentation 24.24 years with age ranging from 2 years to 70 years. Fourteen (23.33%) were in the paediatric age group while the remaining (76.67%) were adults. The aetiology of empyema was pneumonia in 36 (60%). Streptococcus pneumoniae was the commonest organism isolated from pleural fluids of these patients accounting for 23.33%. All patients underwent thoracotomy and decortication. The mean duration before surgery was 17 days with a range of 2 days to 40 days. The average duration of surgery was 2 hours. Chest tube was removed after an average of 7 days (range 5 to 33 days. Twenty-one patients (35%) had complications. Average duration of drainage was 18.87 days and that of hospital stay was 36.74 days. There were 3 mortalities (5%). The mean duration of follow-up was 3 months. Conclusion: Chronic empyema thoracis is still common in our environment and presentation is usually very late. In our series, open thoracotomy and decortication was found to be an excellent procedure with low morbidity and mortality. Majority of our patients had good functional outcome with few complications.
Cardiac Severity Analysis
Authors: Debbal Sidi
Published: October 2021

Phonocardiogram (PCG) signal is a particular approach to explore cardiac activity, to develop technics that may serve medical staff to diagnose several cardiac diseases. We took advantage of PCG signal that shows heart murmurs on its tracing dissimilar to other cardiac signals, to design an algorithm to study and classify heart murmurs. In this paper, the importance is given to the severity of murmurs to highlight its impact, since depending on its stage the patient could be in life-threatening point; therefore, the purpose of this paper is focused on three essential steps: according to the algorithm, extracting murmurs and classifying them to deferent stages then investigate the impact of severity on cardiac frequency through some parameters. The severity stage calculation was based on energy ratio (ER) which is recommended by recent studies as an effective factor, however, we succeed to validate that murmur energy (ME) is also a qualified feature to determine severity. But despite that murmur duration, it's an inefficient way to judge the cardiac severity, which is a very important indicator of the general health of the human body. This study is done on considering many patients and it reveals very interesting results.
Dextrocardia with Situs Inversus in an 18-Year-Old Nigerian Female: The Computed Tomographic Findings and a Case Report
Authors: MB Sule
Published: October 2021

Dextrocardia is a cardiac positional anomaly in which the heart is located in the right hemithorax with its base to apex axis directed to the right and caudad. The malposition is intrinsic to the heart and not caused by extracardiac abnormalities. Dextrocardia is a rare condition and usually found incidentally and in association with other congenital abnormalities. It has an incidence of less than 1%. This is an 18 year old Nigerian female who was referred for computed tomography (CT) of the chest on account of prolonged and recurrent cough with a suspicion of diffuse interstitial lung disease. The chest and upper abdominal CT scan showed dextrocardia with a right placed heart, displaced spleen and stomach to the right hemi-abdomen and liver displaced to the left hemi-abdomen; confirming the diagnosis of dextrocardia with situs inversus. We present this case of dextrocardia with abdominal situs inversus due to its rarity in literature.
BANK LENDING OF COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE
Authors: Nataiia SHULHA , Uliana KOTENKO , Alyona STEPANYK
Published: October 2021

Background. Banks’ proposals of loans for commercial real estate services have some differences in standard and non-standard terms of their provision. Instead, most clients focus only on standard loan terms and only some of them on non-standard ones. A comprehensive approach to the simultaneous consideration of standard and non-standard conditions for obtaining a loan for commercial real estate has not been developed in modern theory and practice of banking, which should be the basic basis for the borrower’s decision in choosing of the lending bank. The aim of the article is to identify current trends in the development of bank lending for commercial real estate in Ukraine, as well as the economic justification of the borrower’s choice of bank in the process of making a decision to obtain a loan. Materials and methods. Method of generalization and historical method were applied in the study of trends in lending for the acquisition, construction, repair, reconstruction of commercial real estate; methods of analysis and synthesis were used in the diagnosis of standard and non-standard conditions of credit servicing of commercial real estate. The authors provide an analysis ofthe choice of the bank to obtain a loan based on an integrated assessment of its attractiveness to the client using system approach. Results. A methodical approach to the integrated assessment of the economic attracttiveness of a bank loan for commercial real estate services has been developed. It is based on the Pareto principle, according to which standard lending conditions are taken into account in 80% and 20% is non-standard. This methodological approach allows the borrower to make an informed management decision on the correct choice of the lending bank. Conclusion. Loans for commercial real estate services, except the warehouse real estate sector, have decreased due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Demand for construction loans and repair of warehouses remained relatively stable. The practical approbation of the offered methodical approach of a complex estimation of credit offers of the most active Ukrainian banks on an example of the enterprise which planned to receive the credit for repair of the warehouse real estate is carried out. The choice of the creditor bank is substantiated according to the calculations results. Keywords: pandemic, banks, commercial real estate, lending, grant element, Pareto principle, standard and non-standard lending conditions, integrated assessment.
GLOBAL MIGRATION PROCESSES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Anatolii MAZARAKI , Tetiana MELNYK , Oksana LOSHENIUK
Published: October 2021

Background. To mitigate the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial to develop an effective national policy and administrative framework that will promote regulated circular labor migration while maximizing the benefits of its effective organization and strengthening measures to protect Ukrainian citizens abroad and foreign migrants in Ukraine, creating conditions for the reintegration of Ukrainian migrants. The aim of the article is to study the changes in global migration flows due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of providing a scientific basis for reforming national migration policy. Materials and methods. In the course of the research the methods of statistical analysis, synthesis, grouping and graphical representation of the results have been used. Results. As a result of the analysis it is determined that the main trends in population migration in the world are: the largest share of the population migrating from developing countries to developed countries; continued increase in forced migration due to conflict, harassment, violence or human rights violations; most international migrants in the world live in a small number of countries; international migration often remains within the main regions; the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has slowed the growth of international migrants and millions of people have lost their jobs and returned home during lockdowns in destination countries, where the economic downturn is also continuing and unemployment is rising. It has been proven that the most favourable conditions for migrant workers, which proved to be the most vulnerable category during the pandemic, were created by European governments. The main preconditions for mass external labor migration from Ukraine are identified: dissatisfaction of Ukrainian citizens with wages, working conditions or vacancies, lack of jobs, socio-economic crisis, decline in production, lack of identified prospects and opportunities for development and self-realization. It is substantiated that the COVID-19 pandemic did not significantly affect migration flows from Ukraine – the return of citizens did not become large-scale, the amount of remittances from abroad decreased slightly. Conclusion. In the future, the COVID-19 pandemic will have a short-term impact on external labor migration from Ukraine. With the spread of the disease, the intensity of Ukrainians going to work abroad will decrease, but if the epidemic ends, the flow will resume quickly. Even if the pandemic causes a global economic crisis and the demand for workers falls, the work of Ukrainian citizens will still be in demand by European countries for economic recovery. Therefore, the state migration policy at the present stage should be aimed at expanding opportunities for Ukrainians to legally work abroad, maintaining closer contacts with those who are in other countries, as well as encouraging citizens to work in Ukraine and convincing them of the expediency of return.
Unité mobile d’assistance circulatoire et respiratoire de l’enfant et du nouveau-né : une revue narrative
Authors: Starck J. , Genuini M. , Hervieux E. , Irtan S. , Leger P.L. , Rambaud J.
Published: October 2021

Les unités mobiles d’assistance circulatoire et respiratoire de l’enfant et du nouveau-né se sont développées au cours des dix dernières années. En effet, la mise en place d’une suppléance extracorporelle respiratoire ou circulatoire nécessite une équipe expérimentée et n’est pas disponible dans tous les centres hospitaliers pédiatriques. Or, les enfants atteints d’une défaillance circulatoire ou respiratoire réfractaire ne sont, pour la plupart, pas déplaçables vers une unité délivrant ce type de traitement de sauvetage. Les unités mobiles ont donc pour objectif de mettre à disposition ces technologies d’exception sur l’ensemble du territoire afin de garantir une égalité d’accès aux soins. Cependant, la haute technicité de ces thérapeutiques nécessite une équipe entraînée sachant poser et régler une assistance extracorporelle, prendre en charge un patient en défaillance respiratoire et/ou hémodynamique réfractaire et aguerrie à ces transports à haut risque. Le territoire français était jusqu’en 2014 très mal couvert par les unités mobiles pédiatriques et néonatales. Depuis, la création de plusieurs unités a permis une couverture totale du territoire. L’objectif de cette revue narrative sur les unités mobiles pédiatriques et néonatales est de résumer les différentes modalités de suppléance respiratoire et hémodynamique extracorporelle, d’en illustrer leurs différentes missions et leurs modalités de fonctionnement. Nous finirons par une description de leur efficacité en termes de survie et de survenue d’incidents en cours de transport.
Urban development of recreational and tourist centres in the Lena coastal area (Yakutia)
Authors: Ismagilova S. Kh. , Sivtsev A. V. , Zakirova Yu. A.
Published: October 2021

The paper studies the socio-economic and urban development of inhabited territories of the Far North in Russia. The urban development in Yakutia (Russia) and creation of tourist centres in extreme climatic conditions is currently very popular. The areas suitable for external and internal tourism require the infrastructure and comprehensive urban planning. The aim of this work is to identify the characteristics of the urban development of the recreational and tourist centres in the coastal area of the Lena in Yakutia, give recommendations for functional and spatial organization of such centres and implement the design solutions for the identified center types.

Research findings include the key principles of the urban development in the coastal area of the Lena, the development of its structural and spatial model, and design solutions for the architectural and planning organization of these centres.

The novelty of this work is the first-time development of the urban planning principles for the recreational and tourist centres in the coastal area of the Lena in Yakutia and architectural and planning solutions for the recreation and tourist centers based on the previously studied typology regarding the climatic conditions of this region.
Industrial relations at centre stage: Efficiency, equity and voice in the governance of global labour standards*
Authors: Haipeter Thomas , Helfen Markus , Kirsch Anja , Rosenbohm Sophie , Üyük Christine
Published: October 2021

Considering the persistent violation of labour rights, questions arise as to the effectiveness of policy instruments regarding the governance of global labour standards. We adopt an industrial relations perspective to compare three broad categories of policy instruments: state-centred regulation, employer-centred regulation, and transnational industrial relations agreements. To structure our comparison, we adapt Budd and Colvin’s (2014) “Efficiency, Equity and Voice (EEV)” framework for conflict handling to the field of global labour governance. We operationalize the efficiency, equity and voice criteria to examine the outcome of policy instruments and process orientation, their scope and coverage, and the opportunities they provide for worker participation and union building. Our comparison shows that each category of instruments has characteristic strengths and weaknesses, and does not suffice on its own to protect global labour standards adequately. This accounts for why, paradoxically, we observe both a proliferation of policy instruments and the persistent violation of labour rights. More research is required to improve our understanding of how different political instruments could be combined, and we conclude by proposing elementary building blocks that improve the governance of global labour standards along global value chains.
Parameters of cutaneous microvasculature in men of working age with newly diagnosed arterial hypertension
Authors: Korolev A.I. , Fedorovich A.A. , Gorshkov A.Yu. , Dadaeva V.A. , Kim O.T. , Omelyanenko K.V. , Mikhaylova M.A. , Vasilyev D.K. , Dzhioeva O.N. , Akasheva D.U. , Drapkina O.M.
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE: To investigate structural and functional features of cutaneous microvasculature in men of working age with newly diagnosed arterial hypertension (AH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 161 apparently healthy men from 30 to 60 years, who underwent a comprehensive examination of cardiovascular system “from the heart to the capillaries”. Control group (CG) included 60 normotensive men. AH group included 101 men with elevated BP. RESULTS: There is no rarefaction of the capillary bed and latent fluid retention in the interstitial space in the skin in men with AH. No data were obtained for increased endothelial, neurogenic and myogenic tone of resistive cutaneous precapillary arterioles in AH group, but a decrease in the perfusion efficiency of the endothelial and myogenic mechanisms of tissue perfusion modulation was noted. CONCLUSION: Obtained results allow making the assumption that metabolic disorders at the level of capillaries that are of a systemic nature prevail in men with the onset of AH.
Social media use in government health agencies: The COVID-19 impact
Authors: Sandoval-Almazan Rodrigo , Valle-Cruz David
Published: October 2021

Government communications typically use social media for federal agencies, national policies, and emergency cases. However, it is crucial to understand the use of these platforms within local government agencies. This investigation fills this gap and includes social media data during three months of the COVID-19 pandemic and compares it with previous trends. The research question that leads this research is: How has government social media use and communication behavior changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic? This research analyzes a study case applied to a local Mexican government agency named ISSEMyM. We analyze the data during the period between October 2017 and June 2020. Findings reveal a consistent use of Twitter and Facebook for communication by the ISSEMyM government agency. Also, it indicates an increase in engagement and communication flow over three years. We found that official local government communications remained unchanged during the whole period. We found no change in interaction, number of followers, and message structure during this period; however, the COVID-19 pandemic radically alters interactions, followers, and user engagement.
Iron Responsive Element-Mediated Responses to Iron Dyshomeostasis in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Hin Nhi , Newman Morgan , Pederson Stephen , Lardelli Michael
Published: October 2021

Background: Iron trafficking and accumulation is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. However, the role of iron dyshomeostasis in early disease stages is uncertain. Currently, gene expression changes indicative of iron dyshomeostasis are not well characterized, making it difficult to explore these in existing datasets. Objective: To identify sets of genes predicted to contain iron responsive elements (IREs) and use these to explore possible iron dyshomeostasis-associated gene expression responses in AD. Methods: Comprehensive sets of genes containing predicted IRE or IRE-like motifs in their 3′ or 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) were identified in human, mouse, and zebrafish reference transcriptomes. Further analyses focusing on these genes were applied to a range of cultured cell, human, mouse, and zebrafish gene expression datasets. Results: IRE gene sets are sufficiently sensitive to distinguish not only between iron overload and deficiency in cultured cells, but also between AD and other pathological brain conditions. Notably, changes in IRE transcript abundance are among the earliest observable changes in zebrafish familial AD (fAD)-like brains, preceding other AD-typical pathologies such as inflammatory changes. Unexpectedly, while some IREs in the 3′ untranslated regions of transcripts show significantly increased stability under iron deficiency in line with current assumptions, many such transcripts instead display decreased stability, indicating that this is not a generalizable paradigm. Conclusion: Our results reveal IRE gene expression changes as early markers of the pathogenic process in fAD and are consistent with iron dyshomeostasis as an important driver of this disease. Our work demonstrates how differences in the stability of IRE-containing transcripts can be used to explore and compare iron dyshomeostasis-associated gene expression responses across different species, tissues, and conditions.