bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus survey in cattle of the Galapagos Islands
Authors: Vinueza Rommel L. , Cruz Marilyn , Bréard Emmanuel , Viarouge Cyril , Zanella Gina
Published: January 2019

Bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) have both been reported in mainland Ecuador, but their occurrence was unknown in the Galapagos Islands, an Ecuadorian province. We aimed to detect BTV or EHDV in cattle from the 3 main cattle-producing Galapagos Islands at a between-herd design prevalence of 20% and a within-herd design prevalence of 15%. Blood samples were collected from 410 cattle in 33 farms and tested for antibodies against BTV and EHDV by competitive ELISAs. All results were negative, suggesting that BTV and EHDV are not present in the Galapagos Islands.
Polycystic liver in two adult llamas
Authors: Watanabe Tatiane T. Negrão , Chaigneau Francisco R. Carvallo , Adaska John M. , Doncel-Díaz Benjamín , Uzal Francisco A.
Published: January 2019

Polycystic liver is usually considered an incidental finding in human and veterinary medicine. Two unrelated adult llamas ( Lama glama) with a history of marked anorexia and weight loss were received for autopsy and diagnostic workup. The main gross change in the liver of both animals was multiple variably sized cysts randomly distributed throughout the parenchyma. Histologically, the cysts compressed the adjacent parenchyma and were lined by a single layer of cuboidal-to-columnar epithelium, surrounded by a fibrous collagen capsule. The lumen of the cysts contained finely granular-to-homogeneous basophilic material. The lining epithelium displayed strong immunoreactivity for pancytokeratin AE1/AE3 and cytokeratins 7, 8, 8/18, and 19, and was negative for vimentin, confirming the biliary epithelial origin of the cysts. No parasitic or infectious agents, or neoplastic changes, were detected. All other laboratory tests performed in both llamas were negative or non-diagnostic, suggesting that the congenital hepatic cysts described may have been at least partly responsible for clinical disease in both animals.
Canine factor VII deficiency: lessons learned in applying methods-based laboratory proficiency testing
Authors: Ramirez Christina J. , Krug Melissa , Zahand Adam , Sundin Kyle , Shaffer Lisa G. , Ballif Blake C.
Published: January 2019

Canine inherited factor VII deficiency is a mild-to-moderate, inherited coagulopathy that affects several breeds of dog. We identified 2 polymorphisms near the disease-causing F7 gene mutation, one of which interfered with testing in several Beagles by causing allele dropout of the normal, wild-type allele. In the absence of an external proficiency program among veterinary genetic testing laboratories, implementation of an internal proficiency program, which requires 2 independent methods for genotyping dogs at any given locus, was further enhanced by ensuring minimally non-overlapping primer pairs between the 2 assays. After redesign of our clinical tests, all dogs were re-examined, and the correct genotypes were identified. These changes ensure higher accuracy in future testing of the F7 mutation.
The Swiss Cheese Conference: Integrating and Aligning Quality Improvement Education With Hospital Patient Safety Initiatives
Authors: Durstenfeld Matthew S. , Statman Scott , Dikman Andrew , Fallahi Anahita , Fang Cindy , Volpicelli Frank M. , Hochman Katherine A.
Published: January 2019

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requires integration of quality improvement and patient safety education into graduate medical education (GME). The authors created a novel “Swiss Cheese Conference” to bridge the gap between GME and hospital patient safety initiatives. Residents investigate a specific patient safety event and lead a monthly multidisciplinary conference about the case. Resident presenters introduce the Swiss cheese model, present the case and their findings, and teach a patient safety topic. In groups, participants identify contributing factors and discuss how to prevent similar events. Presenters and stakeholders immediately huddle to identify next steps. The Swiss Cheese Conference has increased participants’ comfort analyzing safety issues from a systems perspective, utilizing the electronic reporting system, and launching patient safety initiatives. The Swiss Cheese Conference is a successful multidisciplinary model that engages GME trainees by integrating resident-led, case-based quality improvement education with creation of patient safety initiatives.
Youthquakes in a Post-Truth Era: Exploring Social Media News Use and Information Verification Actions Among Global Teens and Young Adults
Authors: Nee Rebecca C.
Published: January 2019

Teaching information verification skills has become increasingly important in the current post-truth era. Through surveys and interviews with teenagers and young adults in the Middle East and United States, this study explores the changing patterns of social media use for news and actions they take to verify news stories online. Findings show younger students are moving toward more visual platforms, such as Instagram, and private messaging apps to get news. Information verification activities, however, are more frequently practiced by older people who use Facebook and Twitter. Implications for journalism and mass communication curricula are discussed.
Visibilities in Words, Visibilities on Bodies: Academic Sociopolitical Theories of Visibility and Militant Teachings From the Genoa Summit of July 2001
Authors: Boidy Maxime
Published: January 2019

Political theory and social sciences are increasingly drawing on the concepts of “visibility” and “invisibility.” However, these concepts are deeply incompatible, depending on whether visibility is understood as a regime of power (in theories of surveillance) or as a moral framework (in theories of recognition). This article demonstrates how antagonisms between these academic paradigms can be conceptualized as “struggles of visibilities,” revealing the incompatibilities inherent to these theoretical frameworks and the coexistence of heterogeneous visibility regimes in the sociopolitical world. The study further documents how confrontations between different paradigms in academic theory are expressed in militant discourses and political strategies. The investigation focuses on activist testimonies and visual tactics used during the G8 summit of July 2001 in Genoa, where militant visibilities were spoken in words and made visible on bodies by clothing esthetics in demonstrations and riots.
How Municipal Takeovers Reshape Urban Democracy: Comparing the Experiences of Camden, New Jersey and Flint, Michigan
Authors: Nickels Ashley E. , Clark Amanda D. , Wood Zachary D.
Published: January 2019

Municipal takeovers are a state policy ostensibly designed to address urban fiscal crises by “temporarily” taking over local government, suspending local control, and implementing sweeping austerity measures. Although framed as “apolitical,” takeovers have the capacity to reshape local democracy. These changes radically rearrange how decisions are made, who has access to decision makers, and, ultimately, who is in power. Using a policy-centered approach, we compare the cases of Camden, New Jersey and Flint, Michigan, illustrating how variations in policy design and localized implementation reshaped the local political landscape in different ways. While the Camden takeover institutionalized the emergent “community development regime,” Flints’ grassroots activists and community-based organizations destabilized the emergent regime.
Advance care planning in the context of clinical deterioration: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Pearse Wendy , Oprescu Florin , Endacott John , Goodman Sarah , Hyde Mervyn , O’Neill Maureen
Published: January 2019

Background:

A Rapid Response Team can respond to critically ill patients in hospital to prevent further deterioration and unexpected deaths. However, approximately one-third of reviews involve a patient approaching the end-of-life. It is not well understood whether patients have pre-existing advance care plans at the time of significant clinical deterioration requiring Rapid Response Team review. Nor is it understood whether such critical events prompt patients, their families and treating teams to discuss advance care planning and consider referral to specialist palliative care services.

Aim and design:

This systematic review examined advance care planning with patients who experience significant clinical deterioration in hospital and require Rapid Response Team review. The prevalence of pre-existing advance directives, whether this event prompts end-of-life discussions, the provision of broader advance care planning and referral to specialist palliative care services was examined.

Data sources:

Three electronic databases up to August 2017 were searched, and a manual review of article reference lists conducted. Quality of studies was appraised by the first and fourth authors.

Results:

Of the 324 articles identified through database searching, 31 met the inclusion criteria, generating data from 47,850 patients. There was a low prevalence of resuscitation orders and formal advance directives prior to Rapid Response Team review, with subsequent increases in resuscitation and limitations of medical treatment orders, but not advance directives. There was high short- and long-term mortality following review, and low rates of palliative care referral.

Conclusions:

The failure of patients, their families and medical teams to engage in advance care planning may result in inappropriate Rapid Response Team review that is not in line with patient and family priorities and preferences. Earlier engagement in advance care planning may result in improved person-centred care and referral to specialist palliative care services for ongoing management.
Combination Therapies for Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Retrospective Chart Review of 31 Patients
Authors: McPhie Meghan L. , Bridgman Alanna C. , Kirchhof Mark G.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Although a variety of medical and surgical interventions exist for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), it remains a challenging disease to manage because of its variable presentation and unpredictable clinical course. Apart from the combination of clindamycin and rifampin, the success of other combination therapies is largely unknown.

Objectives:

The goal of our study was to examine the clinical utility of various combination therapies for the treatment of HS.

Methods:

We conducted a qualitative retrospective chart review of 31 patients with dermatologist-diagnosed HS who were seen at an academic teaching hospital between 2014 and 2018. Demographic data, disease location, disease severity, and treatment protocol were retrieved for analysis. Hurley stage was used to classify disease severity on initial presentation, and the International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Severity Score System (IHS4) was used to track changes across visits.

Results:

Of the 31 patients (Mage = 37.7 years; 67.7% female) included in the study, 6 (19.4%), 11 (35.5%), and 14 (45.2%) patients were classified as Hurley stages I, II, and III, respectively. Although no statistical results are provided because of the small sample size, we have identified several drug combinations that show promising clinical response for patients with HS based on their IHS4 score, such as isotretinoin/spironolactone for mild disease, isotretinoin or doxycycline with adalimumab for moderate disease, and cyclosporine/adalimumab for severe disease.

Conclusions:

This preliminary work demonstrates that HS treatment with combination therapy appears to be a promising method of disease management.
The use of cognitive apprenticeship in the learning and teaching of improvisation: Teacher and student perspectives
Authors: de Bruin Leon R.
Published: January 2019

Instrumental tuition has predominantly been conceptualized in terms of a master–apprentice model that facilitates the transmission of skills, knowledge and cultural intellect through teaching and learning. Research suggests the one-to-one tuition model needs to evolve and adapt to meet the demands of the 21st century musician. Within the jazz/improvisation lesson, the learning and teaching of improvisory ability is a complex activity where developing improvisers hone motor-specific skills, audiative ability, imaginative and creative impulses that connect and respond to strategic individual and collaborative catalysts. Observing the negotiation of learning and teaching in three lessons in improvisation between expert practitioner-educators and their students, this study reveals a cognitive apprenticeship model that can provide a framework for teachers to develop students’ cognitive and meta-cognitive abilities, and understandings of expert practice. Case studies of three teacher-practitioners and their advanced students explore the “in the moment” teacher–student interactions and teaching techniques that expert improviser-educators utilize in developing mastery and expertise in their students. Teaching to an advanced improvisation student is a dynamic, fluid and reflexive interplay of pedagogical applications of modelling, scaffolding, coaching, and reflective processes. The holistic imparting of knowledge can be understood as a cognitive apprenticeship. Careful guidance by a teacher/mentor can offer the student an immersive environment that brings thinking, action and reflection to the forefront of learning. Implications are identified for more effective, collaborative and inventive ways of assisting learning and inculcating deeper understandings of factual, conceptual and problem-solving concepts that draw students into a culture of expert practice.
Cross-cultural understanding: The role of rural school–community music education partnerships
Authors: Prest Anita
Published: January 2019

The inclusion of local Indigenous knowledge, pedagogy, and worldview in music education is increasingly relevant to music educators globally. This article contributes to the extensive body of knowledge already written on the subject by focusing on the contribution of such inclusion to localized societal change. My doctoral study examined the growth and contributions of bridging social capital to rural community vitality in British Columbia (BC), Canada via three school–community music education partnerships. I found that the members of one of those partnerships, the International Choral Kathaumixw Festival in Powell River, BC, engaged in ongoing cultural dialogue with local Tla’amin First Nation members over a 30-year period in order to foster meaningful inclusion of local cultural practices in that festival. This cultural dialogue ultimately contributed to more harmonious social, cultural, political, and economic relationships between settler and Tla’amin First Nation populations. The mandate of the festival, the ongoing music making activities that featured Tla’amin themes and cultural participation, the large contingent of local community volunteers and performers, and the physical commons created by music making all contributed to a shift in relations between the community of Powell River and the Tla’amin First Nation. I offer that the bridging social capital fostered by this partnership may provide insight and direction for music educators globally who wish to promote Indigenous cultural practices in their schools. A bridging social capital or relational approach based on long-term reciprocity with local Indigenous culture bearers may help music educators work towards more culturally appropriate/responsive curriculum and pedagogy in their practice.
People of immigrant and refugee background sharing experiences of mental health recovery: reflections and recommendations on using digital storytelling
Authors: McDonough Susan , Colucci Erminia
Published: January 2019

Ten individuals of immigrant or refugee background, who had experienced mental health or emotional issues, participated in an immersive workshop to create digital stories as part of a national multicultural mental health initiative. Known collectively as ‘Finding our way’, the stories combine the power of first-person narrative with digital technologies. Three years on, six workshop participants and two coordinators reflect on the project’s effects, and offer recommendations for conducting and evaluating similar projects in the future. Individuals experienced the project as personally empowering. The stories have been used to facilitate community and service-based conversations about diversity, mental health and recovery.
Making visible an invisible trade: Exploring the everyday experiences of doing social work and being a social worker
Authors: Leigh Jadwiga , Morriss Lisa , Morriss Matthew
Published: January 2019

This article demonstrates that making art in conjunction with story-telling is a method which can elucidate the everyday working practices of social work practitioners. To date, the relationship between art and social workers has rarely been noted, in part because visual studies have not attended to the lived experiences of social workers. In this paper, we draw on an empirical study undertaken in England which invited social workers to use art to tell their stories of being a social worker and doing social work. Their artefacts produced powerful visual and aural accounts of practice. They were displayed at the People’s History Museum, Manchester, in the first social work exhibition of this kind, making visible to members of the public the hidden, lesser known and understood aspects of practice. In this paper, we demonstrate how particular social work structures can rupture relationships between social workers and the families they work with. In doing so, we build on the sociology of art, work and interaction by showing how visual narratives can challenge, and sometimes alter, previously held assumptions and beliefs.
Pre-individual affects: Gilbert Simondon and the individuation of relation
Authors: Keating Thomas P
Published: January 2019

This article develops the theoretical relationship between affect and the pre-individual. It does so to respond to a recent tendency to posit affect as vague form of relationality exceeding the individual. Instead, the article outlines how affect, as a concept that draws upon a certain Deleuze–Spinozian line of thought, is at least as much a process corresponding to virtuality and potentiality as it is one that pertains to embodied individuals. Instructing this move is the writing of Gilbert Simondon, a philosopher who conceptualises affect in terms of pre-individual potentials exceeding the individual. Engaging with Simondon’s conceptualisation of individuation and perception as a way to trace the importance of these pre-individual processes, affect is understood more precisely as a potentialised orientation of non-individuated relationality. More significantly, though, the article argues that Simondon’s notion of the pre-individual can be used to develop an ontogenetic logic of affect, through which thought is directed towards processes of individuation exceeding the individual but that, nevertheless, modify the genesis of affection, perception and action – an argument I make tangible through a brief discussion of John Hull’s writing on sense and perceptual experience. An ontogenetic logic of affect, I suggest, demands that the thought schemas through which social scientists evaluate processes of affect be open to these pre-individual potentials that orientate perceptive experience.
Increasing Engagement of Children Who Are DHH During Parent–Child Storybook Reading
Authors: Nelson Lauri H. , Stoddard Shannon M. , Fryer Sydney L. , Muñoz Karen
Published: January 2019

Children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) are at risk for language and literacy delays, and parent–child book reading can contribute to developing early literacy foundations. Although many parents read with their children, some parents may be unsure how to utilize effective reading strategies to maximize literacy growth. This multiple case pilot study involved four mothers of preschool-age children with hearing loss who used listening and spoken language (LSL) as their mode of communication. After a short training session on strategies to promote child engagement and increased child interaction during storybook reading, results showed parents increased their use of engaging questions, along with a statistically significant increase in each child’s expressive contribution to the reading activity. Retention data indicated sustained parent reading behaviors that promoted child engagement. Providing parents with supported training may help parents implement effective reading strategies to promote literacy growth in young children who are DHH.
Evidence that TNF-β induces proliferation in colorectal cancer cells and resveratrol can down-modulate it
Authors: Buhrmann Constanze , Yazdi Mina , Popper Bastian , Shayan Parviz , Goel Ajay , Aggarwal Bharat B , Shakibaei Mehdi
Published: January 2019

Although much is understood about the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, very limited data are available about TNF-β (lymphotoxin). Whether TNF-β can induce the proliferation of tumor cells, how TNF-β-induced proliferation of tumor cells is affected by natural products such as resveratrol and the role of NF-κB in this process, is not understood. In the present study, we used clonogenic and cytotoxic methods to show the effect of TNF-β on cell proliferation. We also examined the impact of resveratrol on TNF-β-promoted proliferation and on NF-κB activation in HCT116 colorectal cancer (CRC). Our findings showed that TNF-β induced the proliferation and invasion in CRC cells and this was comparable with that of TNF-α. TNF-β-stimulated proliferation of CRC cells was blocked via anti-TNF-β-receptor. We found that resveratrol reversed the TNF-β-induced proliferation and invasion of CRC cells, and this correlated with the suppression of TNF-β-stimulated NF-κB signaling. Like resveratrol, IκB-kinase (IKK) inhibitor (BMS-345541), also reversed TNF-β-stimulated proliferation, NF-κB activation and these were mediated through inhibition of IκB-kinase, phosphorylation of IκBα, suppression of phosphorylation, and nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. Furthermore, resveratrol similar to BMS-345541 suppressed TNF-β-promoted NF-κB-mediated gene biomarkers linked with proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion. Overall, our findings indicate for the first time that TNF-β/TNF-β-receptor signaling is involved in proliferation of CRC cells in parallel to TNF-α, and that resveratrol down-modulates TNF-β/TNF-β-receptor-mediated inflammatory response, at least in part through down modulating NF-κB activation, thereby regulating tumor cell growth.

Impact statement

The mechanism by which natural products such as resveratrol suppresses TNF-β-promoted tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and colony formation is unknown. In this study, we explored for the first time the effect of resveratrol on the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-β-, compared to TNF-α-stimulated proliferative and pro-inflammatory signaling in HCT116 cells. Our findings suggest that expression of TNF-β and TNF-β-receptor, like TNF-α, can lead to activation of inflammatory transcription factor (NF-κB) and NF-κB-regulated gene biomarkers, which are involved in the promotion of cancer proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and cell survival of tumor. Resveratrol can block TNF-β/TNF-β-receptor-induced activation of NF-κB, NF-κB-modulated gene products, and inhibition of caspase-3 cleavage. These results highlight the therapeutic effect of resveratrol-mediated anti-tumor activity by multitargeting cellular signaling pathways.
Tipping the scales: Provider perspectives on a multi-disciplinary approach to obesity
Authors: Bright Dellyse , O’Hare Katherine , Beesley Rebecca , Tapp Hazel
Published: January 2019

Obesity is a costly and complex health issue that precipitates and/or complicates many medical conditions. Clinical recommendations include a comprehensive approach to weight loss with a combination of diet, physical activity, behavioral interventions, pharmacotherapy or surgery to achieve weight loss. Care in the primary care setting is integral in obesity management. Outside of their clinical role, primary care physicians serve as role models, educators, and promoters of healthy lifestyle practices and leaders in obesity treatment. Physician recommendations have consistently been shown to exert a powerful influence on patient behavior, but there is a substantial gap between patients who would benefit from obesity care and those receiving it. Providers, especially primary care, cite many obstacles to addressing obesity including lack of time, expertise, and resources. This review focuses on describing the feasibility and evidence for tackling obesity through provider-led multidisciplinary weight management programs. A literature search was conducted in Med Line and PubMed for published articles on multidisciplinary weight management programs that included lifestyle modification (diet and exercise), behavioral modification and a physician (MD/DO) with one or more of the following multidisciplinary team members: nutritionist/registered dietician (RD), behavioral health provider (BH), case manager (CM), pharmacist (Pharm), nursing (RN), and research staff. Relevant articles from bibliographies of systematic reviews/meta-analyses were included as well. Ten studies qualified, and we organized the articles to discuss the following three themes: diet and exercise, behavioral therapies and barriers, and facilitators for clinical weight management programs. The studies in this mini-review of multidisciplinary weight programs that included physicians reiterate the guidelines for successful treatment of obesity, with more research needed to fully understand how primary care providers can assist higher risk patient populations, particularly those of lower socioeconomic status who are disproportionally impacted by obesity.

Impact statement

Obesity is a major multi-faceted, chronic disease that increases the risk of morbidity and mortality of children and adults particularly impacting high-risk populations and those of lower socioeconomic status. Given provider time constraints, models of care to effectively and efficiently address obesity in primary care are key. Although physician recommendations can exert a powerful influence on behavior, providers often feel powerless to adequately address obesity due to the complexity of physical and behavioral health problems. This mini-review focuses on describing the feasibility and evidence for tackling obesity through provider-led multidisciplinary weight management programs.
The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Leader Attitudes on Subordinate Attitudes and Implementation Success
Authors: Farahnak Lauren R. , Ehrhart Mark G. , Torres Elisa M. , Aarons Gregory A.
Published: January 2019

Recent literature has focused on identifying factors that facilitate or impede the implementation of innovation in organizations. Attitudes toward change and transformational leadership are regarded as important determinants of implementation success. This study tested a multilevel model of transformational leadership and leaders’ attitudes toward the innovation being implemented as predictors of staff attitudes and implementation success. Participants were 565 service providers ( n = 478) and their supervisors ( n = 87) working in mental health organizations currently implementing an evidence-based practice (EBP). Results provided support for positive relationships between transformational leadership and staff attitudes toward EBP, as well as staff attitudes toward EBP and implementation success. Moreover, results supported an indirect relationship between transformational leadership and implementation success through employees’ attitudes toward EBP. The results suggest that the leader’s behaviors are likely more critical to innovation implementation than the leader’s attitudes.
Hypoalbuminemia Is Associated With Increased Postoperative Mortality and Complications in Hand Surgery
Authors: Luchetti Timothy J. , Chung Andrew , Olmscheid Neil , Bohl Daniel D. , Hustedt Joshua W.
Published: January 2019

Background: Malnutrition has been associated with increased perioperative morbidity and mortality in orthopedic surgery. This study was designed with the hypothesis that preoperative hypoalbuminemia, a marker for malnutrition, is associated with increased complications after hand surgery. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 208 hand-specific Current Procedural Terminology codes was conducted with the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2005 to 2013. In all, 629 patients with low serum albumin were compared with 4079 patients with normal serum albumin. The effect of hypoalbuminemia was tested for association with 30-day postoperative mortality, and major and minor complications. Results: Hypoalbuminemia was independently associated with emergency surgery, diabetes mellitus, dependent functional status, hypertension, end-stage renal disease, current smoking status, and anemia. Patients with hypoalbuminemia had a higher rate of mortality, minor complications, and major complications. Conclusions: Hypoalbuminemia is associated with an increased risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing hand surgery. As such, increased focus on perioperative nutrition optimization may lead to improved outcomes for patients undergoing hand surgery.
Maintenance strategy selection for multi-component systems using a combined analytic network process and cost-risk criticality model
Authors: Shafiee Mahmood , Labib Ashraf , Maiti Jhareswar , Starr Andrew
Published: January 2019

Selection of an appropriate maintenance strategy for multi-component systems is a very complex task due to diversity of components and their different failure modes, existence of various dependencies among components and a large number of competing criteria that need to be taken into consideration. This study presents a combined analytic network process and cost-risk criticality analysis model to select a cost-effective, low-risk maintenance strategy for different sets of components of a complex system. The proposed model consists of four maintenance alternatives (i.e. failure-based, time-based, risk-based and condition-based), among which the most appropriate strategy, on the basis of two criteria of maintenance implementation costs and failure criticality, is to be chosen. The former criterion includes the annual maintenance expenditure required for hardware, software and personnel training, while the latter criterion focuses on the capability of maintenance in reducing the failure vulnerability and enhancing the reliability and resilience. The possible dependencies among selection criteria as well as the failure interactions between components are taken into account to evaluate the maintenance alternatives. Finally, the model is applied to determine a suitable maintenance strategy for a new wind turbine configuration consisting of several mechanical, electrical and auxiliary components at the design stage. The results are compared with practices of maintenance over the first year of system operation as well as with the results obtained from an analytic hierarchy process model.
A three-dimensional finite element model of a 6-year-old child for simulating brain response from physical reconstructions of head impacts
Authors: Koncan David , Gilchrist Michael , Vassilyadi Michael , Hoshizaki Thomas Blaine
Published: January 2019

Despite young children being a high-risk population for sustaining concussive injuries in sport, few studies have investigated head impact biomechanics from sporting impacts using physical models and finite element models of the brain. Physical reconstructions are often used in concussive research, using the recorded kinematics to load finite element models of the brain to obtain better information of real-life head injuries. For children, scaling adult models is a common method used to study the youth population. However, this method does not capture age-dependent material properties or the unique geometry of the developing brain. To address these deficiencies, a novel three-dimensional finite element model of a 6-year-old child was developed and compared to a scaled adult model, for use with physical reconstructions. With the lack of intracranial validation data for the youth population, adult cadaveric data for brain motion was used for comparison. The new brain model showed unique responses in motion and strain compared to the scaled adult model. Using the normalized integral square error method, the new model was classified to have ‘fair’ to ‘excellent’ biofidelity. The new model is proposed as more appropriate for conducting concussion and brain injury research in young children near 6 years of age.
Analysis of “Artificial Pancreas (AP) Systems for People With Type 2 Diabetes: Conception and Design of the European CLOSE Project”
Authors: Bremer Andrew A. , Arreaza-Rubín Guillermo
Published: January 2019

In an article in Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, Schliess and coauthors describe the conception and design of the European Automated Glu cose Contro l at H ome for People with Chronic Di sease (CLOSE) initiative for the implementation of artificial pancreas (AP) systems for people with diabetes. The CLOSE consortium aims to develop integrated AP solutions (APplus) tailored to the needs of individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by developing superior risk- and cost-benefit scenarios for AP operation to achieve acceptance by users and caregivers and a high likelihood for reimbursement. CLOSE is integrating the AP platform into the center of a comprehensive product and service package specifically tailored to defined T2D patient groups and care environments, leading to an interactive collaboration with users, health care providers, and other stakeholders in diabetes care. This is a very ambitious but well-conceived and delineated project which takes into consideration most of the relevant factors that may influence AP implementation in T2D care.
Sesame Street and School Nurses Join in a “Circle of Care”
Authors: Betancourt Jeanette , Cogan Robin
Published: January 2019

Collaboration with community school health partners is a valuable tool assisting school nurses with a strategy referred to as developing a “circle of care.” The strategy involves surrounding children with nurturing adults in their lives, individuals in schools and communities who regularly support children with comfort and care. One example of a school health partner contributing to providing a “circle of care” is the program titled “Sesame Street in Communities.” The program has three main priorities—military and veteran families, supporting children with autism, and supporting resiliency in young children undergoing trauma. The following article is an interview with the authors discussing the application of this resource for school nurses working with an early childhood population.
The Effects of Scenario Planning on Perceptions of Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Chermack Thomas J. , Fofonah Isatha , Balthaser Shon , Coons Laura M. , Harmon Jane , Wichmann Brooke , Nathan Josh
Published: January 2019

This article reports the results of an exploratory research study with four organizations that participated in scenario planning. The primary research focus was to determine whether participation in scenario planning affects perceptions of individual emotional intelligence. Results show a statistically and practically significant effect, though several limitations are identified that mandate a conservative interpretation of study findings.
Medication appropriateness criteria for older adults: a narrative review of criteria and supporting studies
Authors: Niehoff Kristina M. , Mecca Marcia C. , Fried Terri R.
Published: January 2019

Polypharmacy is common among older adults and is associated with adverse outcomes. Polypharmacy increases the likelihood of receiving a potentially inappropriate medication (PIM). PIMs have traditionally been defined as medications that have either no benefit (e.g. therapeutic duplication) or increased risk (e.g. altered pharmacodynamics/kinetics with aging). A growing literature supports the notion that these represent only a subset of the potential risks of medications prescribed to older adults. Different authors have proposed new sets of criteria for evaluating medication appropriateness. This narrative review had two objectives: 1) to summarize the contents of these criteria in order to obtain preliminary information about where clinical consensus exists regarding appropriateness; 2) The second was to describe studies examining the risks and benefits of medications identified by the criteria to determine the strength of the evidence supporting the derivation of these criteria. We identified 13 articles sharing overlapping criteria for evaluating appropriateness including: (1) delayed time to benefit; (2) altered benefit–harm ratios in the face of competing risks; (3) effects that do not match patients’ goals; and (4) nonadherence. The similarities across the articles suggested strong clinical consensus; however, the articles presented little data directly supporting these criteria. Additional studies provide evidence for the proof of concept that average estimates of benefit and harm derived from randomized controlled trials may differ from the benefits and harms experienced by older persons. However, more data are required to characterize the benefits and harms of medications in the context of the regimen as a whole and the individual’s health status.
Serum zonulin is elevated in IBS and correlates with stool frequency in IBS‐D
Authors: Singh Prashant , Silvester Jocelyn , Chen Xinhua , Xu Hua , Sawhney Veer , Rangan Vikram , Iturrino Johanna , Nee Judy , Duerksen Donald R. , Lembo Anthony
Published: January 2019

Background

Studies have shown increased intestinal permeability in irritable bowel syndrome. Validating serum biomarkers for altered intestinal permeability in irritable bowel syndrome will facilitate research and pathophysiology‐based therapy.

Objective

To measure serum zonulin and intestinal fatty acid binding protein levels in diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome and constipation‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome and compare with healthy controls and celiac disease.

Methods

Serum zonulin and intestinal fatty acid binding protein levels were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays in constipation‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome (n = 50), diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome (n = 50), celiac disease (n = 53) and healthy controls (n = 42). Irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity was measured using the irritable bowel syndrome‐symptom severity scale.

Results

Patients with constipation‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome and diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome had higher zonulin levels compared with healthy controls (p = 0.006 and 0.009 respectively), which was comparable to those with active celiac disease. Although zonulin levels did not correlate with the overall irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity scale, it positively correlated with stool frequency per week (p = 0.03) and dissatisfaction with bowel habits (p = 0.007) in diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Patients with diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome and constipation‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome had lower intestinal fatty acid binding protein levels compared with celiac patients (p = 0.005 and p = 0.047 respectively).

Conclusion

Serum zonulin is upregulated in irritable bowel syndrome and the levels are comparable to those in celiac disease. Zonulin levels correlated with severity of bowel habits in diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Intestinal fatty acid binding protein levels in irritable bowel syndrome patients were not increased suggesting no significant increase in enterocyte death.
Individualized Student Feedback: Are Templates the Solution?
Authors: Crisostomo Marisa E. , Chauhan Rahul S.
Published: January 2019

Management educators understand the importance of providing feedback to students, but are they capable of providing effective feedback? Several laboratory and classroom studies have examined different types of feedback and their effectiveness, but we recommend examining normative feedback practices among instructors. This article presents a brief review of best practices for constructing instructor-delivered student feedback and considers the problems that instructors face when providing such feedback. We suggest that management instructors utilize template feedback, a semi-individualized approach, in order to reduce grading time. We discuss how future research should examine whether instructors understand the complexities of feedback, how feedback affects student performance, and whether a semi-individualized approach is an effective method of delivering feedback.
Investigation Into the Pharmacist’s Role in Breastfeeding Support in the “Roma B” Local Health Authority in Rome
Authors: Prosperi Porta Romana , D’Errico Maria Antonietta , Chapin Elise M. , Sciarretta Isabella , Delaini Paolo
Published: January 2019

Background: Breastfeeding is the biological norm for feeding infants and a public health strategy with such a significant impact on the health of the population in the short, medium, and long terms that it should be considered a priority. A pharmacy can be a place for breastfeeding support, since it is open 24 hours a day and is easily accessible. Objective: The main objective of our fact-finding investigation into the breastfeeding support role of pharmacists in the “Roma B” Local Health Authority was to understand how often pharmacists came into contact with nursing mothers, and if pharmacists felt the need to have a greater knowledge of issues regarding breastfeeding. Methods: This survey was done by administering 144 questionnaires (to 1 pharmacist per pharmacy) with items about the support and the protection of breastfeeding and lactation, the perceived need for specific training courses, and openness to establishing virtuous network mechanisms with stakeholders who work in breastfeeding in that geographical area. Results: Our survey shows that mothers come to pharmacies for advice about various health problems. Although pharmacists had little knowledge about breastfeeding, they were interested in participating in a training course. Ninety percent of them declared their interest in collaborating with local breastfeeding stakeholders. Conclusions: The role of the pharmacist in the protection, promotion, and support of breastfeeding has become increasingly important, along with the awareness of being competent and ethical on issues about breastfeeding.
Prolonged Pulseless Electrical Activity Cardiac Arrest After Intranasal Injection of Lidocaine With Epinephrine: A Case Report
Authors: Weber Frank , Guha Rahul , Weinberg Guy , Steinbach Frank , Gitman Marina
Published: January 2019

Local anesthetic toxicity is a rare but serious complication of local anesthetic administration. Although lidocaine has a safety profile superior to other amide local anesthetics, we report a case of cardiac arrest after intranasal injection of lidocaine. The case involves a 22-year-old healthy woman who experienced pulseless electrical activity shortly after a submucosal injection of 2.2 mg/kg of lidocaine with epinephrine. Resuscitative efforts were unsuccessful until a bolus of intralipid was given. This case emphasizes that even a “low” dose of a less lipophilic drug has the potential for severe toxicity.
Urgent Complex Intraoperative Reintubation in a Known Difficult Airway After Endotracheal Tube Damage: A Case Report
Authors: Correll Lynnie R. , Jin Chelsea , Park Meghan S. , Webber Audra M.
Published: January 2019

Treacher Collins syndrome is an inherited disorder resulting in maldevelopment of the first and second branchial arches. Patients have complex orofacial anatomy often requiring airway interventions from birth. A 17-year-old boy with Treacher Collins syndrome and history of difficult ventilation and intubation presented for elective maxillofacial reconstruction. After uneventful awake nasal fiberoptic intubation, the nasotracheal tube was damaged intraoperatively. Due to the patient’s unique anatomy, a fiberoptic bronchoscope and ventilating exchange catheter were utilized together to facilitate a nasotracheal tube exchange. This case demonstrates the utilization of a combination of advanced airway techniques in an urgent perioperative setting.
Dynamic Changes of Cardiac Repolarization Instability during Exercise Testing
Authors: HAMM WOLFGANG , VON STÜLPNAGEL LUKAS , RIZAS KONSTANTINOS D. , VDOVIN NIKOLAY , KLEMM MATHIAS , BAUER AXEL , BRUNNER STEFAN
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Physical exercise triggers efferent cardiac sympathetic activation. Here, we tracked the spatiotemporal properties of cardiac repolarization on a beat-to-beat basis throughout a standardized exercise test and hypothesized a detectable change at the point of the anaerobic threshold (AT).

Methods

The study included 20 healthy adults (age 35.3 ± 6.7 yr) undergoing a standardized incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer. During exercise testing, high-resolution (2000 Hz) ECG monitoring in Frank lead configuration was performed. Three-dimensional beat-to-beat repolarization instability (dT°) was assessed by a novel vector-based method according to a previously published technology. In parallel, the lactate threshold (LT) was detected according to Dickhuth and Mader.

Results

We could identify a characteristic pattern of dT° signal during exercise testing. With increasing physical activity, dT° increased concordantly to heart rate. At an average of 164 ± 38 W, dT° and heart rate abruptly showed a discordant behavior, characterized by a transient drop of dT°. The maximal discordance between dT° and heart rate was defined as ATdT° and highly significantly correlated with LTDickhuth (r = 0.841, P < 0.001) and LTMader (r = 0.819, P < 0.001), which were at 156 ± 39 and 172 ± 46 W, respectively. The characteristic of dT° could not be provoked by fast atrial pacing in the absence of exercise.

Conclusions

Repolarization instability shows a characteristic pattern during standardized exercise in healthy individuals that allows for a noninvasive estimation of AT.
Multiple recurrences of HSV-1 on right lower buttock
Authors: Sakya Surav Man , DeWitt Judy Park , Sturgeon Ashley
Published: January 2019

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a common localized viral infection that affects many individuals in the general population. HSV-1 infection most commonly presents on the face and lips. In contrast, HSV-2 most commonly arises clinically in a boxer distribution on the anogenital region, which can include the buttocks. We report a healthy 28-year-old Asian female patient with multiple reoccurrences of grouped vesicles with an erythematous base on her right inferior medial buttock. On viral blood testing, the etiological agent was HSV-1, not HSV-2. The novelty of this case is the manifestation of HSV-1, not HSV-2 on this location.