bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvements in Transient Testing Reactor (TREAT) with a Choice of Filter
Authors: Aryal Harish
Published: September 2024

The safe and reliable operation of nuclear reactors has always been one of the topmost priorities in the nuclear industry. Transient testing allows us to understand the time-dependent behavior of the neutron population in response to either a planned change in the reactor conditions or unplanned circumstances. These unforeseen conditions might occur due to sudden reactivity insertions, feedback, power excursions, instabilities, and accidents. To study such behavior, we need transient testing, which is like car crash testing to estimate the durability and strength of a car design. In nuclear designs, such transient testing can simulate a wide range of accidents due to sudden reactivity insertions and helps study the feasibility and integrity of the fuel used in certain reactor types. This testing involves a high neutron flux environment and real-time imaging technology with advanced instrumentation with appropriate accuracy and resolution to study the fuel slumping behavior. With the aid of transient testing and adequate imaging tools, it is possible to test the safety basis for reactor and fuel designs that serves as a gateway in licensing advanced reactors in the future. To that end, it is crucial to fully understand advanced imaging techniques both analytically and via simulations. This paper presents an innovative method of supporting real-time imaging of fuel pins and other structures during transient testing. The major fuel-motion detection device that is studied in this dissertation is the Hodoscope which requires collimators. This paper provides 1) an MCNP model and simulation of a TREAT core with a central fuel element replaced by a slotted fuel element that provides an open path between test samples and a hodoscope detector, and 2) a choice of good filter to improve image resolution.
Healing-Centered Restorative Justice
Authors: Brooks Susan
Published: September 2024

This concept paper maps out an approach to restorative justice that enriches current trauma-informed understandings and promotes healing and repair. The paper draws upon many sources, including qualitative research undertaken between 2021-23 in Israel/Palestine and New Zealand/Aotearoa, and an ongoing collaborative research project in the U.S. It also incorporates gathered wisdom on trauma and healing from leading experts across many disciplines. The paper begins by delineating different understandings of trauma, including personal, collective, historical, and structural forms. It then highlights three critical perspectives that offer useful insights into how the field of restorative justice can more effectively achieve its transformational potential: (1) Indigenous/collectivist perspectives; (2) positive psychology-related perspectives; and (3) transformative justice/abolitionist perspectives. The paper goes on to reframe these critical perspectives as core features of healing-centered restorative justice: first, a contextualized, multi-dimensional understanding of trauma; second, a strengths orientation toward human behavior; and third, a relational worldview grounded in interconnectedness, mutuality, and shared responsibility. By adopting this holistic and humanistic framework, restorative justice scholars and practitioners can develop effective and culturally sustaining conflict transformation processes that contribute to healing and repair at individual, interpersonal, and systemic levels of society.
Prospective Analysis of Dietary Risk Factors Involved in the Occurrence of Epigastralgia Among Students of Felix Houphouët Boigny University in Ivory Coast
Authors: N’Guessan Anon , Yeboué Kouamé , Aka Francis , Aké-Tano Purifine , Yapi Ahoua
Published: September 2024

This is a prospective cross-sectional study, with a descriptive and analytical aim, with the main objective of analyzing the dietary risk factors involved in the occurrence of epigastralgia among students of Felix Houphouët Boigny University in Ivory Coast. This is a food and health consumption survey carried out from October 15, 2016 to February 17, 2017, in a population of 1,228 students volunteers, with an average age of 22.5 years, dominated by males. It revealed a high prevalence of epigastralgia (24.5%) and imbalanced dietary. After analyzing the relationship between eating habits and the disease, it turned out that certain behaviors such as high consumption of carbonated drinks, sugary foods, foods containing eggs and/or milk, alcohol, flavor enhancer products, non-alcoholic exciting products, tubers, and low water consumption are responsible for the occurrence of epigastralgia in the population.
Building Design in Historical Environment-Periodical Study-Haydarpaşa / Seli̇mi̇ye
Authors: Dizdar Safiye
Published: September 2024

Turkey's geography is rich in cultural diversity. The existing diversity is reflected in all areas of life. Among these areas, architecture cannot be ignored both in terms of scale and building stock. In this context, architecture is in constant relationship with cultural heritage. In a professional sense, it is inevitable to produce new buildings in the historical environment and to know how the cultural heritage will form an input to the design. For this reason, studio studies, which are the basis of architectural education, constitute the most important process. In this context, within the scope of the studio 5 course of the 2023-24 fall semester of the Department of Architecture of Yeni Yüzyıl University, “experimental design of a faculty of architecture between 8000-10000m2” was carried out in Haydarpaşa-Selimiye with the participation of 10 students. Haydarpaşa-Selimiye neighborhood is very rich in terms of many types of buildings built in the 19th and 20th centuries of the Ottoman Empire. The aim of this study was to enable the participating students to develop design approaches sensitive to the historical environment. In the first stage; the area determined as the study area was examined and design problems were aimed to be revealed, and the projects created in this direction were questioned by supporting the determined design criteria and environmental analyzes. In the second stage, design approaches were shaped in line with the environmental analysis and the concept, and periodicalstudy examples emerged. Existing texture-historic environment unity, historical environment-new building design approaches were the achievements obtained at the end of the semester. In the conclusion section; in line with the approaches developed by the students, the evaluation of historical environment data and new building design approaches were evaluated, and the importance of new building designs in the historical environment in architectural education was emphasized.
Exploring Port City Porosity and Flows within Port Regions: The Case Study of Port of Malaga and Port of Beirut
Authors: Samarani Samer
Published: September 2024

The term “porosity” refers to the idea of interconnectedness between the spaces and institutions of ports, cities, and their surrounding areas. While porosity refers to the overall interconnectedness between different entities, an interface speciﬁcally refers to the point of contact and interaction between the same two entities. This paper goes beyond the idea of an interface and emphasizes a continuous network of port-related spaces and practices that shape the port cityscape. It also provides a historical perspective on the evolution of port/city boundaries. Additionally, this paper explores maps and conceptualizes port city porosity on both sea and land sides, measures, and reconsiders porosity in these regions. The thematic issue opens questions for further research such as: Can the interconnectedness between port and city areas, along with maritime pockets in the city and surrounding territory, enhance the resilience of port city activities? Does the existence of porous borders between port and city allow for easier transitions? The idea of transitions is particularly relevant in the context of the dynamic and ever-changing nature of port and city activities. As economic, social, or environmental conditions shift, there may be a need for both the port and city to adapt and evolve. The degree of porosity between them can play a role in facilitating or hindering these transitions.
Intelligent Design of Street Lamp in Rural Areas Based on an Improved Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Deng Xianhao , Tan Qiancheng , Liu Hao , Long Yubiao , Qin Yonghui
Published: September 2024

This study addresses the demand for more efficient streetlight designs in rural areas by introducing an improved genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize the geometry and placement of streetlight poles. Conventional GAs frequently suffer from premature convergence and becoming trapped in local optima, reducing their effectiveness. To mitigate these issues, this research integrates the genetic algorithm with Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP), using the quasi-optimal solution generated by the GA as the initial input for the SQP, enhancing both accuracy and stability. The methodology includes developing a geometric model of streetlight poles utilizing point cloud data and extracting the centerline via the optimized GA-SQP approach. Additionally, the study examines the effects of random errors, gross errors, incomplete point cloud data, and centerline deviations on the algorithm's performance.
Generative Artificial Intelligence: Challenges and Opportunities for Systems Developers: A Systematic Mapping of Literature
Authors: Caduda Samira , Barroso Anderson
Published: September 2024

Generative Artificial Intelligence tools have gained increasing prominence in recent years. However, the increasing use of these technologies and the functionalities they offer has sparked discussions about their impact and even raised concerns about the potential replacement of human work by automation carried out by machines. This study proposes a Systematic Literature Review to evaluate the opportunities and challenges that these technologies present to system developers in the current and future technological scenario. Aiming at state-of-the-art research to identify how Generative AIs are being applied in the context of software development and what are the latest trends and innovations in this field and how these innovations affect the opportunities and challenges for system developers. As a result, several studies were found that highlight how Generative AI has provided productivity and systems development optimized solutions in the industry, as well as promoting innovations. Studies also emphasize the need for a balance between the use of AI tools and development carried out by human participation, which must be mediated by common sense. Furthermore, the review will explore the ethical implications associated with the widespread adoption of AI technologies, addressing issues such as data privacy, decision-making transparency, and the responsibility of developers in ensuring that AI applications are used in a way that benefits society. The findings of this review will contribute to a better understanding of how generative AI is reshaping the software development landscape and provide insights for future research and development in this rapidly evolving field.
Analysis of Electroencephalographic Signals Using the Root Mean Square (RMS) Fluctuation Function: Applicable Sample Test
Authors: Filho Florêncio , Oliveira Pedro , Santos Sanval , Santos Alex , Zebende Gilney
Published: September 2024

Brain signals extracted through brain-computer interface systems (BCI2000- http://www.bci2000.org) allow researchers and computer scientists to cooperate with techniques, mathematical models and statistical inferences that allow the interpretation of a variety of signals provided by people with conditions that significantly affect the ability to move or perform motor activities due to limitations in muscles, bones or nervous system. For this study, we propose a preliminary test with the root mean square (rms) fluctuation function, with EEG data, whose task was the response given to real/imaginary motor stimulus. To validate the model and all the steps up to the configuration of the rms function, we chose the information contained in the EEG of subject S003, available in the public database https://physionet.org/content/eegmmidb/1.0.0/. Considering the distribution of electrodes in the brain (lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital) and given the data availability conditions (10 - 10 system, EDF format and 160 samples per second), we analyzed 12 of the 64 channels and four stimuli, namely: opening and closing the left or right fist, imagining opening and closing the left or right fist, opening and closing both fists or both feet and imagining opening and closing both fists or both feet. We evaluated their fluctuations individually and the amplitudes of channels 32 and 37 in relation to the others (11, 22, 24, 43, 44, 49, 54, 61, 63 and 64). We observed quantitative similarities when the brain performs the same real/imaginary motor task and that the time of the amplitude changes with the increase of the scale n (time scales). In all experiments (S003_R3, S003_R4, S003_R5, S003_R6), channel 32 x 24, for n > 20 (15 seconds) was smaller than the others, showing that channel 32 (left hemisphere) has the largest fluctuation. From data processing (.EDF) to visualization of FDFA/∆log curves, we conclude that it is possible to replicate the study for more channels, as well as to investigate other types of activities in the human brain adapted to potential variations (DDP) generated by neurons via signals extracted from the EEG device.
Common Tripled Fixed Point Theorem on M- Fuzzy Metric Space for Occasionally Weakly Compatible Mappings
Authors: Rathore Raghavendra , Agrawal Rekha
Published: September 2024

The fixed point theorems, which are primarily existential in nature, serve as a fundamental topological toolkit for the qualitative analysis of solutions to both linear and nonlinear equations in various branches of mathematics. Many authors have extended and generalized these results in different ways, particularly in the context of fuzzy metric spaces and fuzzy mappings. Numerous researchers have also proved common fixed point theorems under the condition of compatible mappings for fizzy metric spaces. Coupled common fixed point theorems for fuzzy metric spaces with the condition of weakly compatible mappings were attempted to be proved by many authors. Tripled fixed points have emerged as a significant area of research within fixed point theory. Berinde and Borcut introduced the concept of a tripled fixed point for nonlinear mappings in partially ordered metric spaces. They also established a common fixed point theorem for contractive type mappings in M-fuzzy metric spaces. Later, other authors extended these results for common tripled fixed point theorems in fuzzy metric spaces. In this paper we introduce a new technique for proving some new common tripled fixed point theorems for Occasionally Weakly Compatible Mappings in M-fuzzy metric spaces, a method which is not previously utilized by authors in this field. Additionally, we provide illustrative example to support our findings, which represent an improvement over recent results found in the literature.
On a New Point of View Toward the Mechanism of Those Electrochemical Reactions Driven by the External Potential
Authors: Sun You
Published: September 2024

In the search of electrochemical reaction, uncovering the reaction mechanism plays a decisive role in analyzing the production of diverse products. We believe that all types of electrochemical reaction driven by external potential should follow a general process. In this paper, we propose that in those electrochemical reactions driven by the external potential, the formation of radicals via electron transfer between electrode and the species carrying electric charge serves as the first step, triggering subsequent reactions. This suggestion might be considerable electrochemical interest.
Open Innovation: Accomplishments and Prospects for the Next 20 Years
Authors: Chesbrough Henry
Published: September 2024

Summary

I have been invited to discuss the prospects for Open Innovation (OI) as part of this special issue of the California Management Review. To organize my discussion, I will examine three phases of the evolution of this concept: the antecedents of OI, some of the main findings from OI (including both successes and failures), and prospects for the future of OI.
Urban Trees and Perceived Neighborhood Safety: Neighborhood Upkeep Matters
Authors: Lee Sungmin , Kim Youjung , Koo Bon Woo
Published: September 2024

The perception of safety significantly influences choices in outdoor activities, profoundly impacting overall well-being. While previous studies have highlighted urban trees’ potential to reduce crime rates, the link between urban trees and perceived safety remains uncertain. This study investigates the relationship between urban trees and safety perception in Austin, Texas, USA, with a specific focus on the moderating role of neighborhood cleanliness and environmental justice considerations. Using multinomial logistic regression models, our analysis reveals a positive association between urban tree canopy coverage and safety perception, with a significant interaction between tree canopies and neighborhood cleanliness, further enhancing the sense of safety. Furthermore, we identified an optimal threshold of tree canopy that maximizes this effect. This highlights the crucial role of well-maintained urban green spaces, particularly tree canopies, in bolstering perceived safety. Such insights hold significance for evidence-based urban planning and community development, fostering well-being and safety for all residents.
3D-printed broadband electromagnetic wave-absorbing basalt/CF/PLA composites with a high current path for lightning strike protection
Authors: Noh Ji-Sub , Hong So-Mang , Hoang Van-Tho , Kwak Byeong-Su , Nam Young-Woo
Published: September 2024

In this study, we used the three-dimensional (3D) printing method to design and fabricate a radar-absorbing structure (RAS) to protect against damage caused by lightning strikes. A carbon black-dispersed 3D filament was used as reinforcement in the composite, and metalized fibers served as the feedstock for 3D-printing. The return losses measured in the X-band and Ku-band (8.2–18 GHz) indicated a maximum return loss of −28.98 dB at 10.68 GHz, with a broad bandwidth of 6.56 GHz in the frequency range of 8.2-18 GHz. A coupled electrical–thermal analysis confirmed that the proposed carbon black-dispersed filament provided conductive paths, which contributed to direct current, energy dissipation, and lightning strike protection. The 3D-printing method ensured a sufficient level of electrical conductivity, limiting the area and depth of damage caused by lightning strikes. Therefore, 3D-printed-RASs, reinforced by electrically conductive materials, can effectively protect against lightning strikes.
Adaptation and Validation of School Burnout Inventory-Bangla and Its Predictive Factors Among Adolescents
Authors: Al-Mamun Firoj , Mamun Mohammed A. , ALmerab Moneerah Mohammad , Islam Johurul , Muhit Mohammad
Published: September 2024

School burnout (SB) among adolescents is a growing concern, yet there has been limited research in Bangladesh. This study aims to address this gap by validating the School Burnout Inventory (SBI) in Bangla and investigating the predictive factors of SB among high-school-going adolescents in Bangladesh. The study employed a cross-sectional design, recruiting participants from various high schools across urban and rural areas. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires, which included information related to demographics, COVID-19, school burnout, daytime sleepiness, insomnia, and depression. The SBI-Bangla demonstrated high reliability and validity. The mean score of SB was 20.26 (±7.84). Significant differences in SB levels were observed across different age groups, grades, locations, mother’s education levels, smoking status, and self-reported COVID-19 infection status. Multiple linear regression identified age (B = 0.647, p = .010), location (B = −1.043, p = .034), depression (B = 0.270, p < .001), daytime sleepiness (B = 0.208, p < .001), and insomnia (B = 0.662, p < .001) as significant predictors of SB. The final model explained 12.3% of the variance in SB scores. Enhancing sleep hygiene and addressing psychological issues may help reduce academic burnout. This study provides valuable baseline data that can inform future research and policy formulation aimed at reducing adolescent SB in Bangladesh.
Life for rent: Evolving residential infrastructure in London and the rise of Build-to-Rent
Authors: Buyuklieva Boyana , Bevilacqua Ivana , Dennett Adam , Reades Jonathan , Hubbard Phil
Published: September 2024

Build-to-Rent (BTR) developments have expanded rapidly in the UK since 2013, often advertised as providing better quality rented accommodation for university-educated Millennials than available elsewhere in the private rental sector. However, the implications of this type of housing development, and especially its affordability, are poorly understood at the city scale, partly due to a lack of evidence of where these developments cluster and what they add to the housing stock in terms of property type, amenities and cost. This article draws on data relating to 373 BTR developments in London (representing over 40,000 housing units) to show that developments are clustered where transport-related infrastructural investments have opened ‘rent gaps’ that can be exploited by developers. Exploring how these BTR schemes are marketed, the article shows that this accommodation is typically provided through new short-term ‘subscription services’ which allow developers to rent property at a premium. Questioning whether BTRs really add affordable ‘local’ homes to the city, the article concludes that BTR provides ‘quick-fix’ rental accommodation which is doing little to solve London’s housing crisis. We focus on the London BTR market and how the expansion of this housing type is reshaping the sociospatial geographies of the city.
Naproxen-induced liver injury in a case of adult-onset Still's disease
Authors: Selvam Suresh , Bansal Ankita , Singh Harpreet , Dhibhar Deba Prasad , Suri Vikas , Bhalla Ashish
Published: September 2024

We present the case of a young female with fever, rash, and joint pain without any other history of connective tissue disorder, who was found on evaluation to have neutrophilic leucocytosis, elevated inflammatory markers and lymphadenopathy with hepatosplenomegaly. After extensive workup, the possibility of adult onset Still's disease was suggested by Yamaguchi criteria. She was started on naproxen, but later on developed drug-induced liver injury. She already had central serous retinopathy due to steroid use, and it was difficult to treat the adult-onset Stills disease due to the liver injury in view of contraindication to use of anti-inflammatory drugs but her illness was monocyclic and did not require further immunosuppression.
U.K. Veterans in Prison: Attitudes Toward Authority, Legitimacy and Compliance With Regime
Authors: Packham Daniel
Published: September 2024

Despite an increase in academic research over recent years into military veterans in the criminal justice system, little of this has focused on U.K. veterans’ views and attitudes toward authority in prison or how veterans respond to prison regime. This study used semistructured qualitative interviews with 35 ex-military prisoners to explore their views and attitudes toward the authority and legitimacy of the prison and to assess their behavior toward prison regime. It found that participants expressed positive attitudes toward authority and the legitimacy of the prison, reportedly influenced by previous military experiences. This was accompanied by an acceptance of one’s prison sentence and a generally high compliance with prison regime. Findings suggest that research participants’ previous military service may have lasting effects on how they engage with authority within the prison by providing resilience toward the effects of imprisonment. Possible areas of future research are also discussed.
Impostor Phenomenon, Group Stereotype Endorsement, and Black College Women’s Mental Health
Authors: Hill Lincoln , Vera Elizabeth M.
Published: September 2024

The present research expands on impostor phenomenon (IP) literature by highlighting the role of susceptibility to group stereotype endorsement and IP on the mental health experiences of Black college women attending predominantly White institutions (PWIs). Specifically, the following study seeks to determine if there is an indirect effect between susceptibility to group stereotype endorsement and depression and anxiety via IP for these students. A sample of 414 Black college women attending PWIs completed an online survey including a demographic questionnaire, the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (Clance, 1985), a modified version of Shapiro’s Multi-Threat Framework Scale (Shapiro, 2011), and the Mental Health Inventory-18 (Veit & Ware, 1983; Weinstein et al., 1989). The findings of the data analyses indicated that there is an indirect effect on susceptibility to group stereotype endorsement and depression and anxiety via IP. These findings highlight the need to examine contextual factors on IP and mental health outcomes for Black women students. The discussion section offers recommendations for preventing and responding to IP with this population.
Ecological History in Preindustrial and Postagrarian China
Authors: Perdue Peter C.
Published: September 2024

This commentary compares Stevan Harrell’s “resilience” model to other familiar paradigms of China’s premodern history, including those of Mark Elvin and G. William Skinner. It gives examples of the Yellow River and frontier clearance as supporting evidence for the utility of the model. It further suggests that the People’s Republic of China under Xi Jinping is entering, according to Harrell’s framework, a new “conservation” (K) phase of rigidity, blindness, and conservatism that bodes ill for China’s environmental future.
African Cosmology, Hierarchies of Power, and Slave Dynamics in the Book of Philemon
Authors: Uzukwu Gesila Nneka
Published: September 2024

Past scholarship on Philemon has reiterated the cultural and institutional power of slavery with particular attention to the acceptance and use of slavery as an important instrument of control and domination. Working within this scholarship, the present work acknowledges the centrality of the preceding thesis, but engages the letter to Philemon from the perspective of the inherent cosmology which accepted the master/slave hierarchical structure within a religious framework in explaining human/divine encounters, and encounters among human beings. Since African cosmology exhibits interesting points of continuity with this projected cosmology, this paper charts a new direction for studies in Philemon by reiterating the critical importance of this hierarchy of power relations in the master/slave model at the heart of the letter. It is this accepted worldview that prevented Paul from advocating for the freedom of Onesimus, and called for the double imprisonments of Onesimus. Consequently, the study interrogates the cosmology of Philemon in connection to African divine/human encounters by problematizing the description of God as Master, and the devotees as the helpless slaves of the deity. This cultural mindset naturally accepts slavery and normalizes human/divine encounters within the rhetoric of this dehumanizing enterprise.
Introduction: Decolonizing New Testament Studies? Beyond Eurocentrism to Reshaping the Discipline
Authors: Horrell David G.
Published: September 2024

Set in the context of current calls for the decolonization of universities, curricula, and academic disciplines, this essay first outlines what this might mean in the discipline of New Testament studies, highlighting both the formation of the discipline within a particular western European context and the need to move beyond the disciplinary practices shaped by this history. It then introduces the papers collected in this special issue, not by summarizing each paper individually (the abstracts of each provide this summary) but by identifying certain themes and issues that emerge from the collection. Both the contextualized character of these various studies and their modes of ethical, political, and theological engagement raise challenges for the discipline as a whole.
Decolonizing New Testament Translation in the Indian Context: John 10.1–18 in the Satya Veda Pusthakam
Authors: Thomaskutty Johnson
Published: September 2024

This article analyses NT translation in the Indian context with a focus on John 10.1–18 in the Satya Veda Pusthakam (SVP), a Malayalam version of the Bible. The colonial context in which this translation was produced is first outlined, showing how this context and its accompanying ideology shaped approaches to translation. This led to a translation that does not reflect the culture or language of subaltern communities, but reinforces dominant class ideology in its adoption of English and Sanskritized style. These issues are illustrated through a closer analysis of John 10.1–18 in the SVP. Finally, the essay explores the ways in which translation can enable communication between cultures, and argues for a decolonized approach to biblical translation in the Indian context. The challenge of decolonization might continue to reshape NT studies in India as the indigenous and subaltern communities get involved in Bible translation and interpretation of the text.
Reading New Testament Exorcism Stories in Dialogue with African Pentecostalism: An Illustration from Mark 1.21–28
Authors: Habarurema Viateur
Published: September 2024

Pentecostalism is of growing influence in Africa and elsewhere in the Majority World, and one of the factors explaining its success is its ability to integrate elements of religious belief and practice that are prominent in Africa, such as belief in spirits and the practices of healing and deliverance. This calls for approaches to biblical interpretation that take seriously these concerns and practices. This essay first outlines the growth of Pentecostalism as a context for biblical interpretation in Africa, and then turns to a literary and exegetical analysis of Mark 1.21–28, to illustrate an engagement using historico-grammatical analysis but informed by the context of African Pentecostalism. Finally, a series of reflections is offered on the significance and the challenge of this kind of interpretation and its importance in the contemporary African context.
A novel bi-level decision-making approach based on game theory for mechanism design
Authors: Saeedi Mohammed Saeed , Jamali Ali , Nariman-Zadeh Nader , Ahmadi Bahman
Published: September 2024

This study addresses the bi-level multi-objective optimization problems raised in reliability-based robust design optimization (RBRDO) of engineering applications through establishing a state-of-the-art game theoretic scenario. A novel bi-level decentralized decision-making approach is proposed using the synergy of RBRDO, game theory, Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), and genetic programming (GP). The application of the proposed approach is elaborated in a case study of robust synthesis of high-speed path-generating four-bar mechanisms. The four performance criteria, namely, accuracy ( TE), robustness ([Formula: see text] TE and [Formula: see text]2 TE), reliability ( f G) at the upper level, and quality of motion ( TA) at the lower level are assigned to four players so that each of whom is in charge of one objective criterion. The peak input driving torque ( T S) is associated with the upper-level problem. The GP meta-model is used to capture the Stackelberg protocol that is, constructing the follower’s rational reaction set (RRS) and the Nash bargaining function is hired to model the cooperative behavior. The obtained results show a considerable enhancement in reliability and robust behavior of mechanism, while the deterministic criteria of accuracy and quality of motion are preserved.
Institutional Topography: A Review of Subnational Institutions
Authors: Dai Li , Hitt Michael A. , Huo Chunhui , Chan Christine M.
Published: September 2024

Research on subnational institutions is largely motivated by the observation that formal and informal institutions within countries are unevenly configured over geographical space. Although diverse, this relatively nascent body of work has yet to explicate firm activity across subnational locales that exhibit institutional dissimilarity and isomorphism with both proximate and distant centers of political-economic power. To characterize firm activity over such spatially continuous institutional landscapes within countries, we synthesize insights from the subnational institutions literature by introducing a topography framework with its characteristic dimensions comprised of (1) polycentricity, (2) elevation, and (3) slope. We discuss theoretical contributions from using this framework to review 92 articles in the period 1999 to 2024 from 24 journals before concluding with directions for future research. This work integrates knowledge on subnational institutions across management sub-fields, including, but not limited to, international business, strategic management, and entrepreneurship.
The international dissemination of China’s English academic journals on Twitter: Structure, theme and impact
Authors: Hou Jianhua , Wang Yuanyuan , Wang Dongyi , Fang Wenxi , Zhang Yang
Published: September 2024

Objective/Significance: To measure the international communication capacity of China’s English academic journal papers based on social media platforms.

Method/Process: Social network analysis, content analysis and emotion analysis were used to describe the diffusion structure of China’s English academic journal papers on Twitter from the aspects of network structure and identify important node users, explore the identity characteristics and emotion characteristics of users as well as diffusion capability of journals of different disciplines.

Conclusion/Discovery: Journal articles in the fields of natural sciences and engineering as well as humanities and social sciences exhibit a strong positive correlation between their diffusion structure and network size. Networks with a mixed diffusion structure typically have larger network sizes. The users occupying key positions in the diffusion network typically have profile information that is academically relevant. The retweets and comments are mainly statements without emotional inclination, and the comments are mainly summary descriptions of the papers. The distribution of diffusion width, diffusion strength and diffusion speed of each discipline is significantly different. There is a significant positive correlation between the diffusion structure of papers and their diffusion capabilities.

Innovation/Value: To reveal the diffusion structure and characteristics of China’s English academic journal papers on social media platforms, so as to provide reference for expanding the visibility of China’s English academic journals and improving the international dissemination capacity of China’s English journals.
Performance Evaluation of Governance Mechanisms of Hazardous Waste Recycling in Rural China: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis Based on Multiple Cases
Authors: Mo Jiapei , Li Gengtai , Ai Qishu , Shang Huping , Li Xintao
Published: September 2024

As ecological globalization intensifies, rural waste recycling and management has become a global concern. China’s proactive efforts are significant for revitalizing domestic rural ecosystems, offering valuable insights into global environmental governance. The rampant dumping and informal processing of hazardous waste in rural China pose severe threats to local ecological balance and public safety. Thus, efficiently recycling hazardous rural and agricultural waste is pivotal for China’s rural ecological and environmental governance. This study adopts a participatory governance perspective and establishes a theoretical framework for dual principal-agent relationships. This framework examined 22 cases of rural governance spanning Eastern, Central, and Western China. This study evaluated governance mechanisms in four dimensions: policy, material, human, and social capital, using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis method. The key findings include: (1) The adverse orientation and behavior of hazardous waste recycling governance in rural areas stem from the combined impacts of multiple complex factors. (2) The synergistic interplay between policy, human, and social capital is crucial for advancing hazardous waste recycling governance in rural settings. (3) Three pathway mechanisms––socially driven, market-oriented, and system participation––facilitate the effective governance of hazardous waste recycling. Innovative practices in hazardous waste recycling and management within rural China yielded positive domestic impacts and profoundly influenced global environmental governance. China’s experiences and approaches motivate other nations and regions, showcasing responsibility and dedication to international environmental governance and bolstering Chinese contributions to creating a cleaner, beautiful world.
Sleep Health Composite and Diabetes Symptom Burden in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Griggs Stephanie , Armentrout Bethany L. , Horvat Davey Christine , Hickman Ronald L.
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Multiple individual sleep health dimensions (satisfaction, regularity, and duration) are associated with diabetes symptoms, precursors to micro-and macrovascular complications, among young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Nearly half of young adults with T1DM develop vascular complications; however, modifiable contributors of diabetes symptoms, including sleep health, have been understudied.

Methods:

This cross-sectional quantitative descriptive study involved the completion of multiple validated self-report questionnaires and the collection of raw continuous glucose monitor and diary data over a 14-day period. The sleep health composite score was calculated by summing the number of dimensions with “good” sleep health. Chronotype was estimated with the 19-item Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the associations between the independent variables (sleep health composite and chronotype) and diabetes symptom burden. Covariates, including age, race, sex at birth, T1D duration, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion use, and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), were considered to determine their contribution to these relationships.

Results:

One hundred nineteen young adults with T1DM who were aged 18 to 26 years were included in this study from 2 cohorts. Higher sleep health composite scores were associated with a lower overall diabetes symptom burden, even after adjusting for covariates in the linear regression models. Initially, a later chronotype was linked to a higher diabetes symptom burden, but this association became insignificant after accounting for HbA1C levels.

Conclusion:

Improving multiple dimensions of sleep health may alleviate the diabetes symptom burden among young adults with T1DM.
Improvement of X-ray response of CZT films by post-annealing
Authors: Wei Heiming , Cao Kun , Zha Gangqiang , Tan Tingting
Published: September 2024

CdZnTe (CZT) epitaxial films are promising for X-ray flat panel detectors due to their ability for large area fabrication, high absorption efficiency, and excellent detective quantum efficiency (DQE). However, challenges like image lag, ghosting, and reduced DQE due to long response times and high dark currents persist. This study introduces a novel post-in-situ annealing technique to enhance CZT film sensitivity and transient response. Results show that a brief 20 s annealing treatment increased surface Zn content, raising detector resistivity from 3.5 × 109 Ω·cm to 3.3 × 1010 Ω·cm while reducing leakage current at high voltages. This treatment also significantly reduced surface defects, improving CZT film detectors’ X-ray response time. Moreover, the electrons mobility-lifetime product (μτ)e improved from 2.30 × 10−5 cm2/V to 2.17 × 10−4 cm2/V, indicating enhanced charge carrier dynamics crucial for high-speed X-ray detection. Notably, the X-ray response sensitivity achieved a commendable 126 μC G−1· cm−2 a bias of 30 V. In conclusion, in-situ annealing represents a remarkable step forward in the development of CZT technology for X-ray flat panel imaging, addressing critical issues and potentially broadening its applications in medical and industrial imaging systems.
Task complexity effects on L2 speech rhythm in spontaneous speech production
Authors: Fullana Natalia , Mora-Plaza Ingrid , Mora Joan C. , Adrian Miren , Sosa-López Gisela
Published: September 2024

Task-based pronunciation teaching studies have shown that the cognitive complexity of a task affects different aspects of second language (L2) speech, such as vowel accuracy and comprehensibility. However, its impact on L2 speech rhythm is still under-researched, especially in spontaneous pronunciation-unfocused tasks. In this study, we first investigated how task complexity influences L2 speech rhythm, and we then explored how L2 speech rhythm metrics might predict global pronunciation proficiency (comprehensibility and accentedness). Eighty-two Spanish/Catalan bilingual learners of English and a control group of eight native speakers (NSs) completed a simple and a complex version of an adapted monologic decision-making task. Oral production data were analysed using well-established rhythm metrics (%V, VarcoV, nPVI-V, and VarcoC), novel distance measures (Euclidean and Mahalanobis distance scores) and ratings from 13 English NSs. Results showed differential task complexity effects on L2 speech rhythm depending on the rhythm metrics and distance measures considered. Additionally, the %V rhythm metric and the Mahalanobis distance measure accounted for a modest amount of variance in both comprehensibility and accentedness scores, with Mahalanobis distances having a more reliable predicting power. The outcomes of this study point to the importance of further examining the role of task complexity in L2 speech rhythm in spontaneous speech and to what extent L2 speech rhythm is related to global measures of L2 pronunciation proficiency. These findings also highlight the need for identifying which rhythm metrics are more suitable to depict L2 speech elicited through different methods, particularly spontaneous speech.
Unidentified CYP2D6 genotype does not affect pharmacological treatment for patients with first episode psychosis
Authors: De Brabander Emma Y , van Amelsvoort Thérèse , van Westrhenen Roos ,   GROUP Investigators
Published: September 2024

Background:

Research on the pharmacogenetic influence of hepatic CYP450 enzyme 2D6 ( CYP2D6) on metabolism of drugs for psychosis and associated outcome has been inconclusive. Some results suggest increased risk of adverse reactions in poor and intermediate metabolizers, while others find no relationship. However, retrospective designs may fail to account for the long-term pharmacological treatment of patients. Previous studies found that clinicians adapted risperidone dose successfully without knowledge of patient CYP2D6 phenotype.

Aim:

Here, we aimed to replicate the results of those studies in a Dutch cohort of patients with psychosis ( N = 418) on pharmacological treatment.

Method:

We compared chlorpromazine-equivalent dose between CYP2D6 metabolizer phenotypes and investigated which factors were associated with dosage. This was repeated in two smaller subsets; patients prescribed pharmacogenetics-actionable drugs according to published guidelines, and risperidone-only as done previously.

Results:

We found no relationship between chlorpromazine-equivalent dose and phenotype in any sample (complete sample: p = 0.3, actionable-subset: p = 0.82, risperidone-only: p = 0.34). Only clozapine dose was weakly associated with CYP2D6 phenotype ( p = 0.03).

Conclusion:

Clinicians were thus not intuitively adapting dose to CYP2D6 activity in this sample, nor was CYP2D6 activity associated with prescribed dose. Although the previous studies could not be replicated, this study may provide support for existing and future pharmacogenetic research.
Imaging characteristics of uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential: a case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Shuai , Chang Jing , Su Wei , Lv Hailian , Xu Bin , Gong Weiyi
Published: September 2024

Uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMPs) are rare tumors of the uterine myometrium that are often misdiagnosed, owing to limited knowledge of their characteristics on ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We report a woman in her mid-30s who was hospitalized because of a pelvic tumor. A 6-cm mass was found in her lower left abdomen. US and MRI revealed a well-demarcated mass in the left adnexal area, with both cystic and solid elements, visible blood flow within the septa, a strong signal across >50% of the volume on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), and a strong signal on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). After hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy, immunohistochemical examination confirmed STUMP. A review of the literature revealed characteristic imaging features of STUMP. Ultrasonography reveals STUMP as a solitary, well-circumscribed lesion with isoechoic or mixed echogenicity, the absence of posterior shadowing, and variations in blood flow. STUMP is characterized by strong signal intensity on T2WI, small areas of strong signal on T1WI, and non-enhancing cystic areas on contrast-enhanced MRI scans. Early diagnosis is crucial for the management and treatment of STUMP, and here we have summarized the imaging features of the lesion, thereby providing a valuable diagnostic reference.
Insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) immunohistochemical expression in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic canine neuroendocrine tissues
Authors: Yang Fu-Hua , Chang Ya-Pei , Chang Yen-Chen , Chang Hui-Wen , Jeng Chian-Ren , Jiang Jia-Wei , Tsao Wen-Tien , Luo I-Chi , Huang Wei-Hsiang
Published: September 2024

Insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1), a recently identified neuroendocrine marker, is a transcriptional regulator with highly conserved INSM1 homologues in various species. This study investigated the immunohistochemical reactivity of the INSM1 antibody in 20 normal canine neuroendocrine tissues from various anatomical locations, 87 hyperplastic or neoplastic tissues of neuroendocrine origin, and 62 non-neuroendocrine neoplasms and compared the results with those of chromogranin A and synaptophysin in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Western blot was performed on fresh canine pituitary glands and canine parathyroid glands to confirm the specificity of the anti-INSM1 antibody. The results showed that the anti-INSM1 antibody could detect nuclear expression in normal canine neuroendocrine tissues, except for the parathyroid glands. INSM1 was detectable in 79/87 (91%) of the hyperplastic and neoplastic neuroendocrine lesions, but all parathyroid carcinomas and parathyroid adenomas (three samples each) were negative for INSM1. In contrast, INSM1 was detected in only one of 62 (2%) non-neuroendocrine neoplasms. The overall percentage of neuroendocrine neoplasms that immunolabeled positively for all three markers was 89%. In addition, the nuclear expression of INSM1 was easier to interpret than that of chromogranin A or synaptophysin. These findings confirm that INSM1 is a useful immunohistochemical marker for diagnosing canine neuroendocrine neoplasms, except for parathyroid neoplasms, and should be considered as part of immunohistochemistry panels to improve diagnostic capability.