bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’affaire de la traite des blanches (1880‑1881) : un scandale bruxellois ?
Authors: Chaumont Jean-Michel
Published: January 2017

Bruxelles fut en 1880 et 1881 le théâtre de la première affaire de « traite des blanches » au retentissement international : une cinquantaine des mineures belges et étrangères, anglaises en particulier, avaient été admises depuis 1878 dans quelques-uns des bordels patentés de la ville. Une poignée d’entre elles l’avaient été contre leur gré. Au terme de plusieurs procès, une quinzaine de membres du monde interlope furent condamnés mais les véritables responsables des abus étaient des fonctionnaires de police. Il n’y a pas lieu d’en déduire que la police bruxelloise ait été particulièrement corrompue : en vérité, le système de la réglementation de la prostitution plaçait les policiers en position objective de protecteurs des intérêts des tenanciers de maisons closes. Partout où ce système fut mis en application les mêmes effets se reproduisirent invariablement.
The white slave trade affair (1880‑1881): a scandal specific to Brussels?
Authors: Chaumont Jean-Michel
Published: January 2017

Between 1880 and 1881, Brussels was the scene of the first “white slave trade” affair, which had international repercussions: approximately fifty Belgian and foreign underage women – British in particular – had been admitted since 1878 into some of the officially recognised brothels in the city. A handful of them had been brought there against their will. After several trials, fifteen or so shady individuals were sentenced, but those who were truly responsible for the abuse were members of the police. There is no reason to deduce from this that the Brussels police were particularly corrupt: in truth, the system for the regulation of prostitution placed the police in an objective position as the protectors of the brothel keepers’ interests. The same effects were invariably seen wherever this system was implemented.
The population of Brussels: a demographic overview
Authors: Deboosere Patrick , Eggerickx Thierry , Van Hecke Etienne , Wayens Benjamin
Published: January 2017

The Brussels-Capital Region is comprised of 19 municipalities and has a surface area of 161.4 km². The region is the core of a much broader morphological agglomeration made up of 36 municipalities with a total population of more than one and a half million inhabitants. The official population of the Brussels-Capital Region totalled 1 048 491 inhabitants on 1st January 2008 and is the youngest in the country with an average age of 37.8 years recorded in 2006. The demographic development of Brussels has always been strongly dominated by migration over the past one and half centuries and this is not different today. The capital city has experienced a rise in population over the past few years and, just like all large European cities, the population composition is highly influenced by internationalisation. The last census (socio-economic survey of 2001) enabled the nationality of origin to be taken into account. According to this criterion, Brussels had 45 different nationalities with at least 1 000 inhabitants. The composition has diversified further since then and there has been an increase in inhabitants from European Union countries. The region is characterised by a clear spatial differentiation between the poorer districts, mixed neighbourhoods and the affluent areas of the city. The underlying structure of this spatial segregation according to socio-economic status has deep-seated historical roots and a high level of inertia. However, the arrival of new inhabitants, large construction sites within a number of districts, speculation and increasing property prices are slowly changing the composition of the population within some districts. A short description of the most important demographic trends that will affect the composition of the city in the coming decades is given below.
La population bruxelloise : un éclairage démographique
Authors: Deboosere Patrick , Eggerickx Thierry , Van Hecke Etienne , Wayens Benjamin
Published: January 2017

La Région de Bruxelles-Capitale comprend 19 communes sur une superficie de 161,4 km². La Région constitue le noyau d’une agglomération morphologique bien plus vaste qui compte 36 communes au total et une population de plus d’un million et demi d’habitants. Au 1er janvier 2008, les chiffres officiels de la population de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale atteignaient 1 048 491 habitants. La population bruxelloise est la plus jeune du pays, avec une moyenne d’âge de 37,8 ans en 2006. Au cours du siècle et demi passé, le développement démographique de Bruxelles est resté fortement dominé par les migrations. Ce phénomène ne se dément pas aujourd’hui. La capitale a vu sa population s’accroître au cours des dernières années et, comme pour toutes les grandes villes d’Europe, sa composition s’internationaliser fortement. Le dernier recensement (enquête socio-économique de 2001) permet de tenir compte de la nationalité d’origine de la population. Suivant ce critère, Bruxelles ne comptait pas moins de 45 nationalités différentes avec au moins 1 000 habitants. Depuis lors, la composition s’est encore diversifiée et la population originaire des pays de l’Union européenne a augmenté. La Région se caractérise par une nette différenciation spatiale entre les quartiers pauvres, les quartiers mixtes et les quartiers aisés. La structure de base de cette ségrégation spatiale selon le statut socio-économique a des racines historiques anciennes et est frappée d’une inertie certaine. Toutefois, l’arrivée de nouveaux habitants, la réalisation de grands travaux dans un certain nombre de quartiers, la spéculation immobilière et l’augmentation des prix du logement modifient petit à petit la composition de la population de certains quartiers. Nous esquissons ci-dessous les principales tendances démographiques qui influenceront la composition de la ville dans les décennies à venir.
Quickstep Processing of Polymeric Composites
Authors: Khan Laraib Alam
Published: January 2017

This chapter gives an overview of Quickstep processing method, which is relatively a new technique for manufacturing composites. In this chapter, different aspects of Quickstep processing are highlighted. Since Quickstep processing is an Out-Of-Autoclave (OOA) technique, a brief description of autoclave processing is provided. Basic principle of Quickstep processing and functionality of typical Quickstep plant are also explained. Due to changed chemo-rheology, methodology for cure optimization of different prepregs and composites are discussed with examples. This chapter also includes the literature survey of different aerospace materials being investigated in Quickstep, the potential of new materials development for this process, the melding technique, in service capabilities of Quickstep cured samples and journey of Quickstep from patent to commercialization. Although the technique is commercialized now, few suggestions in the end are provided for the improvement of process.
Modeling, Design, and Applications of the Gas Sensors Based on Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Vargas-Bernal Rafael
Published: January 2017

Gas sensing continues attracting research communities due to its potential applications in the sectors military, industrial and commercial. A special emphasis is placed on the use of carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, as sensing materials. The chapter will be divided as follows: In the first part, a description of the main topologies and materials (carbon nanomaterials plus polymers, metals, ceramics or combinations between these groups) used to fabricate gas sensors based on graphene and carbon nanotubes that are operated by conductance or resistance electrical, is realized. Next, different mathematical models that can be used to simulate gas sensors based on these materials are presented. In the third part, the impact of the graphene and carbon nanotubes on gas sensors is exemplified with technical advances achieved until now. Finally, it is provided a prospective analysis on the role of the gas sensors based on carbon nanomaterials in the next decades.
Nanotechnology for Environmental Control and Remediation
Authors: Bashir Rafia , Chisti Hamida
Published: January 2017

The chapter emphasizes nanotechnology, which is an emerging field that covers a wide range of technologies that are presently under development in nanoscale. Nanotechnology offers the potential of novel nanomaterials for treatment of surface water, ground water, and waste water contaminated by toxic metal ions, organic and inorganic solutes, and microorganisms. The advantages of the use of nanomaterials, which are related to their properties that are completely different from the bulk materials, make them extremely attractive and give them enormous potential. Among the areas that are influenced by nanotechnology, environmental remediation is highlighted in this chapter. This chapter emphasizes several nanomaterials (Zero valent iron, titanium dioxide, nanoclays, nanotubes, dendrimers, ferritin, metalloporphyrinogens, and SAAMS) and their application in water treatment, purification, and disinfection. The use of nanoparticles in environmental remediation, which inevitably leads to the release of nanoparticles into the environment and subsequent ecosystems, is also explained.
The Role of Digital Libraries in Teaching Materials Science and Engineering
Authors: Silva Arlindo , Infante Virginia
Published: January 2017

Nowadays, the number of commercially available materials is growing steadily. Technical information on materials resides in digital libraries that complement classical Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) textbooks. Information on materials in the form of databases of material properties can elaborate on the science and engineering fundamentals explained in textbooks with real data about current materials. Hence digital libraries can become a learning tool to support teaching of science and engineering fundamentals. This chapter described two courses offered for the Mechanical Engineering degree at Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal, namely Materials Science and Materials in Engineering. The Materials Science course uses the traditional textbooks and a bottom-up approach. In the Materials in Engineering course, the CES EduPack database was introduced to support a design-led approach. This chapter showed that the teaching of Materials Science with databases should be encouraged and described a successful experience with teaching Materials in Engineering using digital libraries.
Facebook Discussion to Enhance English Learners' Metacognitive Strategies
Authors: Yang Pei-Ling
Published: January 2017

The present study aims to investigate the effect of Facebook discussion on EFL learners' metacognitive strategy application. Various language learning strategies suggested in many studies have a positive and significant influence on learners' academic accomplishment. However, there is little research on how to promote the learners' learning strategy applications through the assistance of social networking. Social networking has been drawing huge attention in different research fields. Especially in higher education, it has been applied to promote learning, interaction, and engagement. Thus, in this study, 83 EFL college learners are recruited to participate in the Facebook discussion for the purpose of examining whether learning contexts would have an influence on learners' strategy applications, especially the metacognitive strategies. After a semester's study, the participants in the Facebook discussion group reported to apply more metacognitive strategies and most of them have positive attitudes towards the Facebook-assisted discussion.
Performance Assessment of Indian Meteorological Ocean Buoys With INSAT Telemetry
Authors: Sundar Ranganathan , Venkatesan Ramasamy , Arul Muthiah Manickavasagam , Vedachalam Narayanaswamy , Atmanand Malayath Aravindakshan
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper assesses the reliability of data reception of the offshore moored Indian meteorological buoys equipped with INSAT telemetry and used for monitoring the Indian seas. Based on 11,952 data transmissions spanning 4.2 buoy-years, the data reception performance
of the INSAT-based telemetry system is found to be 98.74%, with a corresponding data “mean time to failure” (MTTF) of 51 h. It is also identified that the moored buoy telemetry hardware conforms to an IEC 61508 Safety Integrity Level 4. The identified reliability results serve
as a guideline for offshore system designers using INSAT telemetry. Meteorological data buoys with INSAT telemetry shall provide an opportunity for collecting extensive and cost-effective oceanographic data, which are used for improving the effectiveness of the Indian Ocean monitoring programs
and for cost-effective integrity management of critical systems used for tsunami early warnings.
О полиномах Коробова первого рода
Authors: Dolgy Dmitriy Victorovich , Kim Dea San , Kim Taekyun
Published: January 2017

В данной статье изучаются полиномы Коробова первого рода. Применение техники теневого анализа позволило получить новые свойства полиномов Коробова и интересные тождества, связывающие данные полиномы со специальными полиномами - Бернулли $1$-го и $2$-го рода высших порядков, $\lambda$-Дайхи полиномами, полиномами Эйлера-Фробениуса.
Pension funding in a Keynesian model of growth
Authors: Rada Codrina
Published: January 2017

This paper extends the post-Keynesian model of growth to reflect the feedback between pension funding, income distribution, and capital accumulation in an economy with overlapping generations. Different causal structures highlight factors that impact provision of pensions; conditions under which pension schemes promote economic and employment growth; and class conflict over the distribution of income. One key conclusion is that, as long as capital accumulation remains exogenous, policy and economic behavior of workers and retirees impact economic activity and sustainability of pension funding over transient paths but not at the steady state.
Nocturnal new particle formation events in urban environments
Authors: Salimi Farhad , Rahman Md. Mahmudur , Clifford Sam , Ristovski Zoran , Morawska Lidia
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Few studies have investigated nocturnal new particle formation (NPF) events, and none of them were conducted in urban environments. Nocturnal NPF can potentially be a significant source of particles in urban areas, and studying them would improve our understanding of nucleation mechanisms. To address this, our study was conducted in an urban environment to investigate the physical characteristics of NPF events, with a particular focus on nocturnal events and the differences between them and the daytime NPF events. Particle number size distribution (PNSD) was measured for 2 weeks at each of 25 sites across an urban environment. A new method was proposed to automatically categorise NPF events based on growth rate (GR) in order to remove the bias related to the manual procedure. Out of 219 observed events, 118 and 101 were categorised into class I and II respectively and 73 happened during the nighttime which included more than 30 % of the events. GR and condensation sink (CS) were calculated and a slight negative relationship between GR and CS was observed. Nocturnal events displayed higher GRs compared to daylight ones which were on average about 10 %. Back trajectory analysis was also conducted to estimate the locations of the sources of daylight and nocturnal precursors. While the precursors related to daylight events originated from different locations with no particular pattern, back-trajectory analysis showed many air masses associated with nocturnal NPF events were transported from over the ocean. Overall, nocturnal NPF events were found to be a significant source of particles in the studied environment with different physical characteristics and/or sources compared to daylight events.
Leadership Styles and Their Relationship with the Private University Employees’ Job Satisfaction in United Arab Emirates
Authors: Hijazi Shadi , Kasim Abdul Latif , Daud Yaakob
Published: January 2017

Rapid progression of United Arab Emirates’ higher education sectors and the competition among private universities, increase the need to explore the influencing factors which leading to improve the organization performance. The purpose of the study current research was to examine   the relationships between leadership styles and job satisfaction among the private university employees in the UAE. A random sampling technique was employed to collect data of 241 faculty members and staff from seven private universities in UAE.  The method used to collect data was quantitative in nature and two different types of instruments were used: Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ).  The result of the Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was positive and significant relationship between transformational style and employee Job Satisfaction. However, the relationship between transactional leadership style and job satisfaction was observed to be negative and significant. This study provided validity evidence for the adapted instruments based on context of UAE universities, empirical evidence on the importance of leadership styles in enhancing  job satisfaction among employees in higher education organizations. It   is expected to be very helpful to faculty, academic leaders and supervisors   as it might offer them new insights to facilitate better understanding and smooth functioning at the academic workplace.  Keywords: Transformational leadership, Transactional leadership, Job satisfaction.
The Promise of Ultra-Short-Term (UST) Heart Rate Variability Measurements
Authors: Shaffer Fredric , Shearman Steven , Meehan Zachary M.
Published: January 2017

Researchers have investigated whether ultra-short-term (UST) heart rate variability values can replace traditional 5-minute values in clinical and optimal performance settings. Concurrent validity is the extent to which the results of a measurement correspond to a previously validated assessment of the same construct. Several studies either failed to specify their concurrent validity criteria or used an inappropriate statistical test. The authors proposed a rigorous standard and demonstrated that artifacted resting ultra-short-term heart rate variability values can achieve strong concurrent validity for diverse time-domain, frequency-domain, and nonlinear measurements in healthy undergraduates. Based on these findings, resting baselines as brief as 1 minute should be sufficient to measure heart rate, the standard deviation of the interbeat interval for normal beats (SDNN), and the square root of the mean squared difference of adjacent NN intervals (RMSSD) in clinical, optimal performance, and personal health assessment with individuals who resemble Truman State University undergraduates.
Live Z-Score Neurofeedback
Authors: Collura Thomas F.
Published: January 2017

Live Z-Score training (LZT) neurofeedback is described. Its theoretical underpinnings, technical foundations, and relationship to brain operant learning are described. LZT is an outgrowth of both neurofeedback and quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) and is consistent with previous QEEG-based neurofeedback methods. In addition, it incorporates elements of self-regulation that allow the client's brain to become part of the decision-making process, providing an important aspect of individualized treatment. LZT encourages flexibility and appropriateness of brain activation and connectivity and is adaptable to a wide range of clients and training needs.
Current Practice of Neurofeedback: Where We Are and How We Got There
Authors: Thompson Michael , Thompson Lynda
Published: January 2017

This article tracks the evolution of the practice of neurofeedback over the past quarter century from the perspective of services offered at a private clinic. It describes why and how the authors changed their practices from interventions including medication, psychotherapy, and tutoring to biofeedback interventions. Their evolving practices required complex assessments including single- and two-channel quantitative electroencephalograph (QEEG) and later 19-channel QEEG combined with evoked potentials, heart rate variability, continuous performance testing, and neuropsychological assessment. The article stresses that interventions require a multimodal approach. The neuroanatomical rationale for combining neurofeedback and heart rate variability (HRV) training is provided as well as a discussion of how a systems theory of neural synergy helps explain how neurofeedback influences brain networks. Assessment procedures are described in some detail because that information is used to develop effective interventions that typically combine neurofeedback (single-channel or LORETA Z-score neurofeedback, as indicated) with HRV training. The authors stress using evidence-based approaches, basing intervention on assessment, and keeping current with new developments in applied neuroscience.
LORETA Neurofeedback Combined with Biofeedback as a Treatment for Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum: A Single Case Study
Authors: Dutt Shane , Reid-Chung Andrea , Thompson Lynda , Thompson Michael , Lee Eunha
Published: January 2017

Agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) is a congenital disorder that leads to a broad array of symptoms including cognitive, motor, and social difficulties. Parents of children with AgCC are faced with few treatment options for this often debilitating disorder. There is also a lack of research concerning how to help children and adults with AgCC achieve improved levels of functioning. This paper discusses the utility of low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) Z-score based neurofeedback combined with heart rate variability (HRV) training biofeedback in treating a young man with partial and congenital AgCC. The comprehensive assessment process included analysis of 19-channel quantitative-EEG (QEEG) and HRV data in combination with parent rating questionnaires, and continuous performance test measures: Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (Arble, Kuentzel & Burnett, 2014) and the Test of Variables of Attention (Forbes 1998). This article illustrates amelioration of cognitive, motor, social, and sleep-based symptoms in this case, suggesting neurofeedback and biofeedback have a positive role to play in helping people with AgCC.
Biofeedback and the Illusion of Self-Control: A Functional Contextual Perspective
Authors: Hawkins Raymond C.
Published: January 2017

Physiological self-regulation through biofeedback may be seen as a metaphor for generalized self-control expectancies. Using a model based on functional contextualism and relational frames theory, self-control efforts are seen as a convenient fiction or illusion, with physiological coherence and the sense of coherence associated with improvements in health and behavior.
A Tribute to Eugenia Bodenhamer-Davis
Authors: Crawford Judy , Shaffer Fredric
Published: January 2017

Eugenia Bodenhamer-Davis has trained generations of professionals in neurofeedback and provided visionary leadership to the board of the Biofeedback Certification International Alliance (BCIA). This article pays tribute to Genie's signature achievements as an educator and chair of the task force that revised BCIA's neurofeedback certification program.
Sistema constructivo en madera para vivienda energitérmica agrupable : Primer Premio II Concurso de Construcción y Arquitectura Energitérmica - Fundación Chile 1993
Authors: Leiva C. Francisco J. , Zanoni D. Valeria , Zúñiga U. Gabriel
Published: January 2017

Estudiantes indagan a través de un diseño arquitectónico particular, el uso racional de la madera en la construcción.
Lugar de encuentro en comuna de San Miguel : Primer Premio IX Concurso CAP para Estudiantes de Arquitectura 1994-95
Authors: Barbagaleta Alvaro , Fernández Bébara , Huencho Eliseo , Martínez Pedro
Published: January 2017

Proyecto de estudiantes, diseñado en acero, como respuesta al encuentro de la comunidad de San Miguel, área sur de Santiago.
La construcción de la ciudad como espacio público
Authors: Cortés L. Fernando
Published: January 2017

La concepción del urbanismo y la construcción de la ciudad, en Brunner. El espacio público como elemento estructural del espacio urbano, y del urbanismo, como un oficio de síntesis -artes, ciencias, técnicas-, al servicio del bien común. La ciudad como una obra de arte equilibrada.
Centro Antropológico en el desierto :proyecto de título en San Pedro de Atacama
Authors: Schmidt Martín
Published: January 2017

El tema motivado por una cultura milenaria nuestra, y el compromiso de preservar el patrimonio cultural de esta, mitigando la pugna entre hombre, tradiciones y desarrollo, que la sociedad actual tiende a globalizar y separar de su cultura original.
El entusiasmo situacionista: architecture of spectacle, the spectacle of architecture
Authors: Solís O. José
Published: January 2017

Tanto la pertinencia como las condiciones de recepción de las tesis situacionistas que la institución arquitectónica ha impuesto para su recuperación contemporánea, están ineludiblemente marcadas por el tono histórico de la posmodernidad y su particular modo de relacionarse con el pasado.Signo de aquella forma de relación es el “carácter” del entusiasmo que la Internacional Situacionista ha despertado en la escena académica de la arquitectura, al convertirse en referente operativo para diversos experimentalismos afanados, en su gran mayoría, en el desmontaje categorial de los recursos representacionales heredados del Movimiento Moderno. No obstante, este preciso uso de algunas de sus tesis por parte del pensamiento arquitectónico contemporáneo y el carácter epocal que lo enmarca, conllevan inevitablemente a la desactivación del núcleo de la demanda situacionista: la crítica y emancipación de la vida cotidiana.
Proyectos de Título
Authors: Barba G. Pilar
Published: January 2017

En las siguientes páginas se muestra una selección de proyectos de Título de nuestra Escuela que nos permiten una reflexión acerca de la misión de ésta, sus resultados y desafíos futuros.A 157 años de la creación del “Curso de Arquitectura” por Claude François Brunet de Baines, la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Chile, mantiene su compromiso con la formación de “arquitectos que el país necesita”, con una vocación social, solvencia técnica, respeto por el patrimonio y la calidad de vida en la ciudad; valores expresados en un diseño adecuado, consciente del contexto cultural mundial y local.
Evaluación-Autoevaluación-Coevaluación: innovaciones en la docencia de taller
Authors: Apip G. Alfredo
Published: January 2017

La objetivización de la evaluación en la docencia del “taller de arquitectura” es importante para formar al alumno no sólo en lo disciplinar sino también en lo personal. El siguiente artículo contiene una experiencia docente al respecto.
Tendencias de lo digital en la arquitectura
Authors: Lyon R. Eduardo
Published: January 2017

La emergencia de lo digital en las diversas disciplinas ha modificado considerablemente las estrategias para capturar, concebir, analizar y comunicar el conocimiento propio de cada una de ellas. De algún modo los expertos afirman que una de las mayores consecuencias de este fenómeno sobre las diversas disciplinas es un incremento en la profesionalización de la práctica de las mismas. Por otra parte, las posibilidades que ofrecen los medios digitales tanto en la velocidad de manejo como en la manipulación de grandes volúmenes de información, redundan habitualmente en la optimización de factores cuantitativos en desmedro de los cualitativos, ignorándose, por tanto, las modificaciones que podrían estar operando al interior de las diversas disciplinas a partir del uso de tecnologías.Por otro lado, en las disciplinas del conocimiento la concurrencia existe cuando las unidades o etapas de un proceso de producción de conocimiento –generalmente asumidas como secuenciales– se ejecutan en forma paralela o simultánea a partir de mejoras en la sincronización del conocimiento producido y la comunicación de éste mediante un lenguaje compartido. Todo lo anterior es posible gracias a las tecnologías de información que han permitido crear las dinámicas de los procesos de formulación, evaluación y reformulación reemplazando un proceso de diseño lineal aferrado en la evolución morfológica de un objeto determinado.
Paradigma disciplinar: Las organizaciones arquitectónicas y sus plataformas de diseño y producción
Authors: Vodanovic U. Drago
Published: January 2017

El propósito de este ensayo es proporcionar una visión contemporánea sobre los grandes cambios que nuestra disciplina ha atravesado en el último par de décadas, en términos de organización del trabajo arquitectónico. La investigación sobre el paradigma disciplinar en este ámbito dará el marco teórico que ayudará a la definición de la estructura de la oficina de arquitectura en el plano de organización y plataformas de diseño y producción.
Open technology
Authors: Erazo M. Abel
Published: January 2017

Históricamente la tecnología ha estado asociada a las estructuras de poder y mantenida como secreto de Estado. Hasta hoy los mayores desarrollos tecnológicos se producen a nivel militar y bajo estrictos programas reservados. El control de la tecnología asegura la dependencia de las masas a los exclusivos grupos industrializados.En la década de los ’70 Buckminster Fuller un arquitecto norteamericano generaría un punto de inflexión. Su principal aporte a la sociedad contemporánea fue el concepto de «hágalo usted mismo» una estrategia que hizo posible la apertura de la información sobre tecnología a las masas, y marcaría el nacimiento de una nueva era con la aparición del «catálogo».A partir de esta idea surge el concepto de «Open technology» desarrollado por Osamu Ishiyama, en la Universidad de Waseda, Tokio. Esta idea es una continuación de la filosofía de Fuller y su principal objetivo es democratizar la tecnología y la industria disponible y hacerla accesible al individuo del siglo xxi.
Cultura, materia y forma ejercicios de taller 1:1
Authors: Campla Taller
Published: January 2017

Acercar a los alumnos a la ejecución de un proyecto a escala real significa algo más que un cambio de escala. En esta experiencia docente, el taller de 2do año de diseño arquitectónico muestra sus exploraciones formales-estéticas y además un acercamiento al usuario real, al donar y llevar los proyectos a una escuela de bajos recursos.
Investigación y creatividad :factoría especial de ideas
Authors: Díaz Moreno Cristina , García Grinda Efrén
Published: January 2017

En el Curso 2005 - 2006 de Proyectos Arquitectónicos de la ETSAM, los arquitectos Cristina Díaz Moreno y Efrén García Grinda, muestran su enfoque pedagógico, en torno a dos proyectos de condiciones urbanas, que tratan de superar los patrones de enseñanza heredados por parte de la arquitectura y el urbanismo convencional.
Huellas de una pérdida :huellas de un poder el fenómeno de los lugares para la conmemoración
Authors: Renedo S. Claudia
Published: January 2017

¿Cómo se relacionan monumentos y memoriales con los procesos de creación de la memoria colectiva y por tanto con la historia futura? ¿Desde dónde surgen los actuales paradigmas y las nuevas respuestas respecto a ellos?El presente documento busca indagar en las bases sociales y materiales de estos espacios conmemorativos así como en aquellas propuestas que reconceptualizan la idea de conmemoración.
Para una historia de la difusa arquitectura moderna en Chile
Authors: Aguirre G. Max
Published: January 2017

La ambigüedad histórica y teórica que presenta la aparición de la arquitectura moderna en nuestro país, es aquí observada desde las implicancias atribuidas a la explotación salitrera, a la formación académica de los arquitectos, a la organización gremial, a la condición telúrica del país y a las revistas de arquitectura locales.
Comentarios bibliográficos.
Authors: De Arquitectura Revista
Published: January 2017

Cubiertas verdes. Constanza Pascual Cornejo. FAU, Universidad de Chile.Arquitectura del Paisaje en Chile. Fulvio Rossetti.HoCo. Density Housing Construction & Costs.
Hábitat rural postemergencia. Implementación de un prototipo para la Comuna de Paine. Selección Pabellón de Chile, XII Bienal de Venecia, 2010
Authors: Aguilar P. Rodrigo
Published: January 2017

El proyecto «Hábitat rural postemergencia. Implementación de un prototipo para la Comuna de Paine», se enmarca dentro del Convenio de Asistencia Técnica suscrito entre la Universidad de Santiago de Chile y la Ilustre Municipalidadde Paine, que nace como producto de los daños ocasionados por el terremoto que afectó a gran parte de esta comuna el 27 de febrerode 2010. Luego de esta catástrofe surge la necesidad a mediano plazo de pensar, proyectar y proporcionar una vivienda definitiva para una cantidad considerable de familias que perdieron en parte o por completo sus viviendas y a las cuales, por una situación de emergencia, se les proveyó en una primera instancia de una media agua como solución provisoria.
Edificios públicos y espacio público. El caso del Consultorio de Salud Metropolitano N° 1; una reflexión acerca de sus recintos en desuso y uso potencial de espacio de público para la comunidad local
Authors: Basáez Y. Patricio , Campos G. Alicia
Published: January 2017

Los Consultorios de Salud, construidos a principios del siglo xx, de reconocido valor arquitectónico, poseen también valores de carácter social. Actualmente, sub utilizados, son posibles de conservar abriéndolos como espacios públicos, integrando actividades culturales y recreativas lo que permitiría conservar la identidad territorial y social de las comunidades que atiende.
Theories and technologies in contemporary architecture : The Laboratory of Automation and Prototyping for Architecture and Construction at the State University of Campinas, Brazil
Authors: Celani Gabriela
Published: January 2017

This article summarizes the work developed at LAPAC for the past seven years. The laboratory was created to start a new line of research in computational design at the School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design at the

State University of Campinas, Brazil.
Espacio para la rememoración. Oficina Salitrera y Campo de Prisioneros Chacabuco
Authors: Cruz P. Francisco
Published: January 2017

Basado en el documental Nostalgia de la Luz de Patricio Guzmán, el proyecto se concibe como una crítica al proceso de construcción social de la memoria a partir de la concepción benjaminiana del concepto “Historia”. Una propuesta arquitectónica que interviene la Oficina Salitrera y Campo de Prisioneros Chacabuco, entendiendo la conmemoración como una experiencia espacial.
A Research for Determining the Relationship between the Organizational Cynicism and the Organizational Commitment
Authors: Kaygin Erdoğan , Yilmaz Tuncer , Güllüce Ali Çağlar , Salik Neşe
Published: January 2017

Organizational cynicism expresses negative attitudes and behaviors against the enterprise while organizationalcommitment expresses commitment to the enterprise. Consequently, these two concepts are among the significantfactors effective in success/failure of the enterprises. Due to this importance, determining the relation betweenorganizational cynicism and organizational commitment is intended in the research. For this purpose, a research isconducted on the staff of Kafkas University Research and Application Hospital. Data required for the research iscollected by survey. As a result of the analyses performed, organizational cynicism and organizational commitmentlevels are determined high. Besides, it is observed that there are meaningful relations between these two concepts.
Aspectos da regulação em saúde na visão de equipes de saúde da família de um município de pequeno porte
Authors: Ferreira Janise Braga Barros , Caldas Daniela Cacilda , Santos Luciane Loures dos , Ribeiro Luciana Cisoto , Chaves Lucieli Dias Pedreschi
Published: January 2017

Objetivos: Identificar a visão de equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família acerca do processo de regulação em saúde e caracterizar seus instrumentos quanto ao conteúdo informacional e sua utilização pela equipe. Métodos: Estudo de caráter descritivo, quantitativo e apoiado em fontes primária e secundária de dados, realizado em um município de pequeno porte. Foi aplicado um questionário aos profissionais de equipes de saúde da família, em 2012, com conteúdo referente ao processo de regulação em saúde e analisadas características de completude e legibilidade de informações registradas nas guias de referência às especialidades médicas. Resultados: Os profissionais da saúde da família relataram incertezas sobre a proposta conceitual e operativa do sistema de regulação em saúde. Apenas 50% dos participantes conheciam todos os serviços especializados de referência da rede de saúde. Cerca de 70% informaram a existência de protocolos na rede e/ou nas unidades de saúde. Houve prejuízo na completude e na legibilidade de informações das guias de referência. Conclusão: Os achados da pesquisa ratificaram a estreita relação entre o processo regulatório assistencial e a gestão da informação, bem como a importância da participação do profissional da saúde da família no mecanismo de regulação em saúde.
Estudo comparativo entre Unidades de Saúde com e sem Estratégia Saúde da Família por meio do PCATool
Authors: Martins Julie Silvia , Abreu Silvio Carlos Coelho , Quevedo Michele Peixoto , Bourget Monique Marie Marthe
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: Comparar a presença e extensão dos atributos considerados essenciais e derivados da Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS) entre Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) localizadas na zona leste do município de São Paulo que desenvolvem a Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) e as UBS tradicionais. Métodos: Todos os médicos (a)s, enfermeiro (a)s e cirurgiões (ãs)-dentistas contratados pela APS Santa Marcelina, que atuam em UBS, foram convidados a participar da presente pesquisa. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio do PCATool. Resultados: Foi encontrado um melhor desempenho das UBS com ESF em relação aos atributos longitudinalidade (p=0,0330), integralidade (serviços prestados) (p=0,0011), orientação comunitária (p=0,0017) e consequentemente no escore essencial (0,0327) e geral (0,0098), apontando na direção que o processo de trabalho na ESF favorece que tais atributos apresentem melhor desempenho. Conclusão: A Estratégia Saúde da Família tem favorecido agregar qualidade à Atenção Primária à Saúde.
Symmetry Breaking Constraints for the Minimum Deficiency Problem
Authors: Altinakar Sivan , Caporossi Gilles , Hertz Alain
Published: January 2017

An edge-coloring of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a function $c$ that assigns an integer $c(e)$ (called color) in $\{0,1,2,\dotsc\}$ to every edge $e\in E$ so that adjacent edges receive different colors. An edge-coloring is compact if the colors of the edges incident to every vertex form a set of consecutive integers. The minimum deficiency problem is to determine the minimum number of pendant edges that must be added to a graph such that the resulting graph admits a compact edge-coloring.

Because of symmetries, an instance of the minimum deficiency problem can have many equivalent optimal solutions. We present a way to generate a set of symmetry breaking constraints, called
${\rm {\small GAMBLLE}}$ constraints, that can be added to a constraint programming model. The ${\rm {\small GAMBLLE}}$ constraints are inspired by the Lex-Leader ones, based on automorphisms of graphs, and act on families of permutable variables. We analyze their impact on the reduction of the number of optimal solutions as well as on the speed-up of the constraint programming model.
Les races latines au service de la grande pensée du règne de Napoléon ııı. L’expédition française au Mexique 1861-1867
Authors: Abud Francis
Published: January 2017

La peur du déclin français sur la scène internationale et la montée en puissance des États-Unis sont des sujets d’inquiétude dans la France du XIXe siècle. À cet effet, de nombreux auteurs français font la promotion d’un projet d’union des races latines d’Europe. Le régime impérial de Napoléon III récupère cette idée pour l’intégrer dans son projet d’expédition au Mexique. Théorisée autour de la grande pensée du règne, la France se présente comme la seule puissance latine en mesure de défendre le Mexique du péril américain. Au-delà de la rhétorique, la grande pensée du règne projette une vision des relations internationales opposant la race latine à la race anglo-saxonne.
Rhea: a transparent and modular R pipeline for microbial profiling based on 16S rRNA gene amplicons
Authors: Lagkouvardos Ilias , Fischer Sandra , Kumar Neeraj , Clavel Thomas
Published: January 2017

The importance of 16S rRNA gene amplicon profiles for understanding the influence of microbes in a variety of environments coupled with the steep reduction in sequencing costs led to a surge of microbial sequencing projects. The expanding crowd of scientists and clinicians wanting to make use of sequencing datasets can choose among a range of multipurpose software platforms, the use of which can be intimidating for non-expert users. Among available pipeline options for high-throughput 16S rRNA gene analysis, the R programming language and software environment for statistical computing stands out for its power and increased flexibility, and the possibility to adhere to most recent best practices and to adjust to individual project needs. Here we present the Rhea pipeline, a set of R scripts that encode a series of well-documented choices for the downstream analysis of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) tables, including normalization steps,alpha- andbeta-diversity analysis, taxonomic composition, statistical comparisons, and calculation of correlations. Rhea is primarily a straightforward starting point for beginners, but can also be a framework for advanced users who can modify and expand the tool. As the community standards evolve, Rhea will adapt to always represent the current state-of-the-art in microbial profiles analysis in the clear and comprehensive way allowed by the R language. Rhea scripts and documentation are freely available athttps://lagkouvardos.github.io/Rhea.
Evaluation of Lymph Node Perfusion Using Continuous Mode Harmonic Ultrasonography With a Second‐Generation Contrast Agent
Authors: Rubaltelli Leopoldo , Khadivi Yeganeh , Tregnaghi Alberto , Stramare Roberto , Ferro Federica , Borsato Simonetta , Fiocco Ugo , Adami Fausto , Rossi Carlo Riccardo
Published: January 2017

Objective. To evaluate the contribution of continuous mode contrast‐enhanced harmonic ultrasonography (CE‐HUS) with a second‐generation contrast agent to the characterization of superficial lymphadenopathies with respect to conventional ultrasonographic techniques (B‐mode and power Doppler). Methods. Fifty‐six lymph nodes from 45 patients were studied both by conventional techniques and by CE‐HUS. The dimensions, intranodal architecture, margins, and location of vessels were evaluated. Subsequently, all the lymph nodes were examined by CE‐HUS, and enhancement of echogenicity was evaluated. The diagnoses obtained by means of fine‐needle aspiration cytologic examination, surgical biopsy, or both were compared with those obtained by ultrasonography. Results. Of the lymph nodes examined, 30 were benign and 26 were malignant (18 metastases and 8 non‐Hodgkin lymphomas). The study using CE‐HUS showed intense homogeneous enhancement in 28 of 30 reactive lymph nodes; perfusion defects in 17, of which 15 were neoplastic and 2 were inflammatory; intense but inhomogeneous speckled enhancement in the early arterial phase in 5 cases of lymphoma; and, last, scarce or absent intranodal enhancement in 4 metastases. The specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of conventional techniques in differentiation between benign and malignant lymph nodes were 76%, 80%, and 78% versus 93%, 92%, and 92.8% for CE‐HUS. The increase in correct diagnoses was significant (P = .05) when conventional ultrasonography was tested against CE‐HUS. Conclusions. Superficial lymph nodes can be characterized as being neoplastic or benign with a high degree of diagnostic accuracy on the basis of the perfusion characteristics evaluated by CE‐HUS. This technique has been shown to afford a higher degree of accuracy than currently obtainable by any other ultrasonographic technique.
Evidence that oxidative dephosphorylation by the nonheme Fe(II), α‐ketoglutarate:UMP oxygenase occurs by stereospecific hydroxylation
Authors: Goswami Anwesha , Liu Xiaodong , Cai Wenlong , Wyche Thomas P. , Bugni Tim S. , Meurillon Maïa , Peyrottes Suzanne , Perigaud Christian , Nonaka Koichi , Rohr Jürgen , Van Lanen Steven G.
Published: January 2017

LipL and Cpr19 are nonheme, mononuclear Fe(II)‐dependent, α‐ketoglutarate (αKG):UMP oxygenases that catalyze the formation of CO2, succinate, phosphate, and uridine‐5′‐aldehyde, the last of which is a biosynthetic precursor for several nucleoside antibiotics that inhibit bacterial translocase I (MraY). To better understand the chemistry underlying this unusual oxidative dephosphorylation and establish a mechanistic framework for LipL and Cpr19, we report herein the synthesis of two biochemical probes—[1′,3′,4′,5′,5′‐2H]UMP and the phosphonate derivative of UMP—and their activity with both enzymes. The results are consistent with a reaction coordinate that proceeds through the loss of one 2H atom of [1′,3′,4′,5′,5′‐2H]UMP and stereospecific hydroxylation geminal to the phosphoester to form a cryptic intermediate, (5′R)‐5′‐hydroxy‐UMP. Thus, these enzyme catalysts can additionally be assigned as UMP hydroxylase‐phospholyases.
The control of earthquake sequences on hillslope stability
Authors: Brain Matthew J. , Rosser Nick J. , Tunstall Neil
Published: January 2017

Earthquakes trigger landslides in mountainous regions. Recent research suggests that the stability of hillslopes during and after a large earthquake is influenced by legacy effects of previous seismic activity. However, the shear strength and strain response of ductile hillslope materials to sequences of earthquake ground shaking of varying character is poorly constrained, inhibiting our ability to fully explain the nature of earthquake‐triggered landslides. We used geotechnical laboratory testing to simulate earthquake loading of hillslopes and to assess how different sequences of ground shaking influence hillslope stability prior to, during, and following an earthquake mainshock. Ground‐shaking events prior to a mainshock that do not result in high landslide strain accumulation can increase bulk density and interparticle friction. This strengthens a hillslope, reducing landslide displacement during subsequent seismicity. By implication, landscapes in different tectonic settings will likely demonstrate different short‐ and long‐term responses to single earthquakes due to differences in the magnitude, frequency, and sequencing of earthquakes.
Elasticity, Flexibility, and Ideal Strength of Borophenes
Authors: Zhang Zhuhua , Yang Yang , Penev Evgeni S. , Yakobson Boris I.
Published: January 2017

The mechanical properties of 2D boron—borophene—are studied by first‐principles calculations. The recently synthesized borophene with a 1/6 concentration of hollow hexagons (HH) is shown to have in‐plane modulus C up to 210 N m−1 and bending stiffness as low as D = 0.39 eV. Thus, its Foppl–von Karman number per unit area, defined as C/D, reaches 568 nm−2, over twofold higher than graphene's value, establishing the borophene as one of the most flexible materials. Yet, the borophene has a specific modulus of 346 m2 s−2 and ideal strength of 16 N m−1, rivaling those (453 m2 s−2 and 34 N m−1) of graphene. In particular, its structural fluxionality enabled by delocalized multicenter chemical bonding favors structural phase transitions under tension, which result in exceptionally small breaking strains yet highly ductile breaking behavior. These mechanical properties can be further tailored by varying the HH concentration, and the boron sheet without HHs can even be stiffer than graphene against tension. The record high flexibility combined with excellent elasticity in boron sheets can be utilized for designing advanced composites and flexible devices.