bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of nitrogen application rate on soil fungi community structure in a rice-fish mutualistic system
Authors: Cai Shumei , Lv Weiguang , Zhu Haitao , Zhang Deshan , Fu Zishi , Zhang Hanlin , Xu Sixin
Published: November 2019

Rice-fish mutualistic production systems rationalise the use of water and soil resources in an improved approach to sustainable food production. However, drivers of fungi community structure in paddy soil, including effects of nitrogen (N) application rate, are unclear in these systems. Here, we assessed soil fungi community and soil physicochemical responses in paddy soil to contrasting rates of N application in a rice-fish system. To clarify the mutualistic effects, the rice-fish system was compared with a standard rice monoculture under a 325.5 kg ha−1 N application rate. The results showed that N application rate affected abundance of paddy soil fungi (P < 0.05). Alpha diversity and richness of fungi were lower in the rice-fish system, but evenness increased with a decrease in N application rate, while the rate of N determined diversity of soil fungi in the rice-fish system. Dominant genera in the two systems differed, and soil physicochemical properties were more important drivers of soil fungi community structure in the rice-fish mutualistic system than in rice monoculture. Total N, available N and P regulated the abundance of dominant fungi. Our results indicate that management of soil fungi may contribute to sustainable agricultural production.
Beech and silver fir’s response along the Balkan’s latitudinal gradient
Authors: Čater Matjaž , Levanič Tom
Published: November 2019

At the 1000 km geographical distance in Dinaric montane forests of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), the tree response from the north-western sites towards southern, warmer and dryer sites was performed during three consecutive growing seasons (2011, 2012 and 2013). On eleven permanent plots, positioned in uneven-aged beech and fir forests above 800 m along the geographical gradient, the physiological and morphological response to light intensity were measured in predefined light categories based on the analysis of hemispherical photos. Radial growth was analysed on all plots and compared to precipitation, temperature and two drought indexes. Analysis showed a decrease in the cumulative precipitation and no change in temperature between plots. Beech was most efficient in the open area light conditions, while fir proved most efficient under shelter. Physiological response for beech increased towards SE and reached its maximal values in the middle of transect, while fir’s response decreased from the NW towards SE. Tendency to plagiotropic growth decreased from NW to SE in both species. Growth response to climatic parameters is weak, stronger in fir than in beech and decreasing towards SE.
Relationship between left ventricular isovolumic relaxation flow patterns and mitral inflow patterns studied by using vector flow mapping
Authors: Han Yu , Huang Liang , Li Zhiguo , Ma Na , Li Qiaozhen , Li Yiwei , Wu Ling , Zhang Xiaoxia , Wu Xiaoyi , Che Xinyi , Zhang Haibin
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between isovolumic relaxation flow (IRF) patterns in left ventricle (LV) and mitral inflow patterns. Color Doppler loops were acquired for vector flow mapping in apical long-axis view in 57 patients with coronary artery disease, 31 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, and 58 healthy controls. IRF patterns were classified into three categories: pattern A, apically directed flow; pattern B, bidirectional flow with small scattered vortices; and pattern C, a large vortex. All normals and patients with normal LV filling (n = 10) showed pattern A. Patients with impaired relaxation consisted of 31 (66%) patients having pattern A, 11 (23%) having pattern B, and 5 (11%) having pattern C. Patients with pseudonormal filling included 4 (31%) patients having pattern A, 7 (54%) having pattern B, and 2 (15%) having pattern C. In patients with restrictive filling, 14 (78%) showed pattern C, 4 (22%) showed pattern B, and no patient showed pattern A. IRF patterns were associated with LV filling patterns (χ2 = 52.026, p < 0.001). There are significant relationships between LV filling and IRF patterns. IRF patterns may provide an index for evaluation of LV diastolic function.
Retinoid receptor turnover mediated by sumoylation, ubiquitination and the valosin-containing protein is disrupted in glioblastoma
Authors: Rodriguez Virginia , Bailey Rolanda , Larion Mioara , Gilbert Mark R.
Published: November 2019

Resistance to therapeutic use of retinoids in glioma has been observed for over 20 years; however, the exact mechanism of resistance remains unknown. To understand retinoic acid resistance in glioma, we studied the turnover mechanism of retinoid receptor proteins in neural stem cells and glioma stem-like cells. Here, we show that in normal neural stem cells, proteasomal degradation of retinoid receptors involves sumoylation, ubiquitination and recognition by the valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97/Cdc48). We find that Sumo1 modification has a dual role to stabilize the retinoid receptor from unwanted degradation and signal additional modification via ubiquitination. Subsequently, the modified receptor binds to the VCP chaperone and both proteins are degraded by the proteasome. Additionally, we reveal that all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induces VCP expression, creating a positive feedback loop that enhances degradation. In contrast, the pathway is impaired in the glioma stem-like cells resulting in the accumulation of sumoylated and high molecular weight forms of retinoid receptors that lack transcriptional activity and fail to be recognized by the proteasome. Moreover, modified receptor accumulation occurs before ATRA treatment; therefore, the transcritptional defect in glioma is due to a block in the proteasomal degradation pathway that occurs after the sumo modification step.
Whole blood transcriptome analysis in ewes fed with hemp seed supplemented diet
Authors: Iannaccone Marco , Ianni Andrea , Contaldi Felice , Esposito Salvatore , Martino Camillo , Bennato Francesca , De Angelis Elisabetta , Grotta Lisa , Pomilio Francesco , Giansante Daniele , Martino Giuseppe
Published: November 2019

The hemp plant (Cannabis sativa L.) has a long tradition of being used for many different purposes such as industry, medicine and nutrition. In particular, because hemp seed (HS) is rich in oil protein and considerable amounts of dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals that are particularly suitable also for animal nutrition. Different studies have evaluated HS on qualitative and quantitative properties of livestock products but as of today, nobody has investigated the molecular pathway behind HS supplementation in farm animals. Thus, in this study, we will report the first RNA sequencing of the whole-blood transcriptome of ewes fed either with a controlled diet (CTR, n = 5) or with a diet supplemented with 5% of hemp seed (HSG, n = 5). Applying a false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05 and a log2FC either higher than 0.5 or lower than −0.5, we identified 314 differentially regulated genes in the HS-supplemented group compared to the CTR group. Several genes encoding for different subunits belonging to the complex I, II, III, IV and ATP-synthase were up-regulated making oxidative phosphorylation (FDR: 3.05e-19) and thermogenesis (FDR: 2.17e-16) the highest up-regulated pathways in our study. Moreover, we found up-regulation in different genes involved in lactose biosyntheses such as GALK1 and PGM1 and, as a result, we observed a statistically higher lactose percentage in the HSG group (p < 0.05). These results indicate that HS supplementation positively affects the energy production pathway in lactating ewes conferring them also more resistance to adverse climatic conditions such as low temperature. Finally, the higher milk lactose content makes the derived dairy products more profitable.
Isorhamnetin Alleviates Steatosis and Fibrosis in Mice with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Ganbold Munkhzul , Owada Yohei , Ozawa Yusuke , Shimamoto Yasuhiro , Ferdousi Farhana , Tominaga Kenichi , Zheng Yun-Wen , Ohkohchi Nobuhiro , Isoda Hiroko
Published: November 2019

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most severe and progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which can lead to life-threatening conditions, however, there is still no approved drug for the treatment of NASH. In this study we used human-like NASH mouse model and treated orally with isorhamnetin at a dose of 50 mg/kg to analyze the effect of isorhamnetin on the progression of NASH. NASH-induced mice represented severe steatosis with inflammation, and fibrosis in liver accompanied with high level of liver injury markers in serum. Isorhamnetin treatment reduced intrahepatic lipid accumulation and TG content by inhibiting de novo lipogenic pathway in NASH-induced mice. Consistent with this, isorhamnetin-treated NASH mice showed improved liver injury markers, reduced collagen deposition as well as decreased gene expression of fibrogenic markers. Taken together, here we showed for the first time that synthesized isorhamnetin alleviates pathologic features of NASH and thus can potentially contribute to NASH drug development.
Detecting long-lasting transients of earthquake activity on a fault system by monitoring apparent stress, ground motion and clustering
Authors: Picozzi Matteo , Bindi Dino , Zollo Aldo , Festa Gaetano , Spallarossa Daniele
Published: November 2019

Damaging earthquakes result from the evolution of stress in the brittle upper-crust, but the understanding of the mechanics of faulting cannot be achieved by only studying the large ones, which are rare. Considering a fault as a complex system, microearthquakes allow to set a benchmark in the system evolution. Here, we investigate the possibility to detect when a fault system starts deviating from a predefined benchmark behavior by monitoring the temporal and spatial variability of different micro-and-small magnitude earthquakes properties. We follow the temporal evolution of the apparent stress and of the event-specific residuals of ground shaking. Temporal and spatial clustering properties of microearthquakes are monitored as well. We focus on a fault system located in Southern Italy, where the Mw 6.9 Irpinia earthquake occurred in 1980. Following the temporal evolution of earthquakes parameters and their time-space distribution, we can identify two long-lasting phases in the seismicity patterns that are likely related to high pressure fluids in the shallow crust, which were otherwise impossible to decipher. Monitoring temporal and spatial variability of micro-to-small earthquakes source parameters at near fault observatories can have high potential as tool for providing us with new understanding of how the machine generating large earthquakes works.
Effect of Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy on NOX5, mPGES1 and iNOS expression in Barrett’s Esophagus
Authors: Li Dan , Deconda Deepthi , Li Aihua , Habr Fadlallah , Cao Weibiao
Published: November 2019

Acid reflux may contribute to the progression from Barrett’s esophagus (BE) to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). However, it is not clear whether the molecular changes present in BE patients are reversible after proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment. In this study we examined whether PPI treatment affects NOX5, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES)-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. We found that NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5), mPGES-1 and iNOS were significantly increased in BE mucosa. One-month PPI treatment significantly decreased NOX5, mPGES1 and iNOS. In BAR-T cells, NOX5 mRNA and p16 promoter methylation increased after pulsed acid treatment in a time-dependent manner. Four or eight-week-acid induced increase in NOX5 mRNA, NOX5 protein and p16 methylation may be reversible. Twelve-week acid treatment also significantly increased NOX5, mPGES1 and iNOS mRNA expression. However, twelve-week-acid-induced changes only partially restored or did not recover at all after the cells were cultured at pH 7.2 for 8 weeks. We conclude that NOX5, mPGES1 and iNOS may be reversible after PPI treatment. Short-term acid-induced increase in NOX5 expression and p16 methylation might be reversible, whereas long-term acid-induced changes only partially recovered 8 weeks after removal of acid treatment.
Seasonal variation of idiopathic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo correlates with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: a six-year registry study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Shu Liang , Wu Jing , Jiang Chun-Yan , Sun Xu-Hong , Pan Hui , Fang Jie , Tang Yi , Wu Si-Cheng , Liu Jian-Ren , Chen Wei
Published: November 2019

Seasonal variation of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) occurrence has been reported in recent years. Whether the seasonality of BPPV also exists in Chinese patients and whether it correlates with serum vitamin D levels is unexplored. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 1269 new-onset idiopathic BPPV patients registered in our vertigo outpatient clinic over a six-year period. Additionally, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels during this period were measured in 877 patients by chemiluminescence immunoassay. We delineated the changing trend of the monthly BPPV patient numbers and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, and the correlation between them was explored. December to next March is the top 4 months with higher BPPV patient numbers. The median BPPV patient numbers in winter group were higher than those in summer group (20 vs. 16 patients, p < 0.05). Median 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in winter group were much lower than those in summer group (16.3 vs. 20.8 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and autumn group (16.3 vs. 19.3 ng/ml, p < 0.05). A moderate negative correlation was observed between median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and BPPV patient numbers each month. The onset of BPPV also shows a seasonal fluctuation in Chinese patients. This phenomenon may be related to serum vitamin D levels.
Nonlinear relationship between early life stress exposure and subsequent resilience in monkeys
Authors: Parker Karen J. , Buckmaster Christine L. , Hyde Shellie A. , Schatzberg Alan F. , Lyons David M.
Published: November 2019

Retrospective correlational studies of humans suggest that moderate but not minimal or substantial early life stress exposure promotes the development of stress inoculation-induced resilience. Here we test for a nonlinear relationship between early life stress and resilience by comparing varying “doses” of early life stress. Juvenile squirrel monkeys underwent one of five treatment conditions between 17–27 weeks of age: Stress inoculation (SI) with continuous access to mother (SI + Mom; one stress element), SI without continuous access to mother (SI; two stress elements), SI without continuous access to mother and with alprazolam injection pretreatments (SI + Alz; three stress elements), SI without continuous access to mother and with vehicle injection pretreatments (SI + Veh; three stress elements), or standard housing (No SI; zero stress elements). Alprazolam was used to test whether anxiolytic medication diminished SI effects. Subjects exposed to one or two early life stressors subsequently responded with fewer indications of anxiety (e.g., decreased maternal clinging, increased object exploration, smaller cortisol increases) compared to No SI subjects. Subjects exposed to three early life stressors did not differ on most measures from one another or from No SI subjects. These findings provide empirical support for a nonlinear J-shaped relationship between early life stress exposure and subsequent resilience.
Genetic Ablation of Calcium-independent Phospholipase A2γ Exacerbates Glomerular Injury in Adriamycin Nephrosis in Mice
Authors: Elimam Hanan , Papillon Joan , Guillemette Julie , Navarro-Betancourt José R. , Cybulsky Andrey V.
Published: November 2019

Genetic ablation of calcium-independent phospholipase A2γ (iPLA2γ) in mice results in marked damage of mitochondria and enhanced autophagy in glomerular visceral epithelial cells (GECs) or podocytes. The present study addresses the role of iPLA2γ in glomerular injury. In adriamycin nephrosis, deletion of iPLA2γ exacerbated albuminuria and reduced podocyte number. Glomerular LC3-II increased and p62 decreased in adriamycin-treated iPLA2γ knockout (KO) mice, compared with treated control, in keeping with increased autophagy in KO. iPLA2γ KO GECs in culture also demonstrated increased autophagy, compared with control GECs. iPLA2γ KO GECs showed a reduced oxygen consumption rate and increased phosphorylation of AMP kinase (pAMPK), consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction. Adriamycin further stimulated pAMPK and autophagy. After co-transfection of GECs with mito-YFP (to label mitochondria) and RFP-LC3 (to label autophagosomes), or RFP-LAMP1 (to label lysosomes), there was greater colocalization of mito-YFP with RFP-LC3-II and with RFP-LAMP1 in iPLA2γ KO GECs, compared with WT, indicating enhanced mitophagy in KO. Adriamycin increased mitophagy in WT cells. Thus, iPLA2γ has a cytoprotective function in the normal glomerulus and in glomerulopathy, as deletion of iPLA2γ leads to mitochondrial damage and impaired energy homeostasis, as well as autophagy and mitophagy.
Highly efficient Zn2SnO4 perovskite solar cells through band alignment engineering
Authors: Dou Jie , Zhang Ying , Wang Qiong , Abate Antonio , Li Yafeng , Wei Mingdeng
Published: November 2019

The fine-tuning of the halide ratio in a mixed cation mixed halide perovskite leads to a device with a PCE of 20.26%.
Diffusion-influenced reactions on non-spherical partially absorbing axisymmetric surfaces
Authors: Piazza Francesco , Grebenkov Denis
Published: November 2019

A surprisingly accurate analytical formula is derived for the rate of diffusion-influenced reactions on non-spherical partially absorbing axisymmetric surfaces through a simple perturbative scheme.
CASPT2, CASSCF and non-adiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) studies on the low-lying electronic states of 1H-1,2,3-triazole photolysis
Authors: Gil Eduarda Sangiogo , de Araújo Bruno Bercini , Gonçalves Paulo F. B.
Published: November 2019

The photolysis mechanisms of 1H-1,2,3-triazole and 1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole were elucidated by employing multiconfigurational methods (CASSCF and CASPT2) and non-adiabatic molecular dynamics.
Angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy as applied to X-ray mirrors: an in depth study of Mo/Si multilayer systems
Authors: Sakhonenkov Sergei S. , Filatova Elena O. , Gaisin Aidar U. , Kasatikov Sergey A. , Konashuk Aleksei S. , Pleshkov Roman S. , Chkhalo Nikolay I.
Published: November 2019

The chemical composition and extension of interfaces of a multilayer mirror were investigated by means of ARXPS relying on the concept of the EAL.
Computational modeling of ionic currents through difform graphene nanopores with consistent cross-sectional areas
Authors: Si Wei , Liu Chenhan , Sha Jingjie , Zhang Yin , Chen Yunfei
Published: November 2019

Unveiling the mystery of ion transport behavior in nanopores with consistent cross-sectional areas shows that this behavior is highly related to the geometry and hydrophobicity of the nanopores.
Correction: Solid-state electrical applications of protein and peptide based nanomaterials
Authors: Panda Sayak Subhra , Katz Howard E. , Tovar John D.
Published: November 2019

Correction for ‘Solid-state electrical applications of protein and peptide based nanomaterials’ by Sayak Subhra Panda et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2018, 47, 3640–3658.
Low-nuclearity magnesium hydride complexes stabilized by N-heterocyclic carbenes
Authors: Freeman Lucas A. , Walley Jacob E. , Dickie Diane A. , Gilliard Robert J.
Published: November 2019

Herein we report the synthesis and characterization of dinuclear magnesium–hydride complexes coordinated by NHCs, [(IiPrMe2)Mg(μ-H)(N(SiMe3)2)]2and {(IiPrMe2)Mg(μ-H)[((CH2)Me2Si)2N]}2(IiPrMe2= N,N’-diisopropyl-2,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidine).
Silica nanoparticles inhibit arsenic uptake into rice suspension cellsviaimproving pectin synthesis and the mechanical force of the cell wall
Authors: Cui Jianghu , Li Yadong , Jin Qian , Li Fangbai
Published: November 2019

We investigated the mechanism explaining why silica nanoparticles inhibit arsenic uptake into rice at the single-cell level.
Sustainable, cost-efficient manufacturing of therapeutic peptides using chemo-enzymatic peptide synthesis (CEPS)
Authors: Pawlas Jan , Nuijens Timo , Persson Jonas , Svensson Thomas , Schmidt Marcel , Toplak Ana , Nilsson Mikael , Rasmussen Jon H.
Published: November 2019

Exemplified by antidiabetic exenatide CEPS provides a highly efficient, easily scalable biocatalytic route to manufacture therapeutic peptides.
Internal pressure and state assessment of the inherent macroscopic force fields of liquids
Authors: Kartsev V. N. , Shtykov S. N. , Pankin K. E.
Published: November 2019

A theoretical approach is proposed for describing the nature of the internal pressure of liquids (Pi), which allows us to overcome the uncertainty of its definition and propose a new thermodynamic scale for liquids.
Activation reactions of 2-pyridyl and 2-pyrimidinyl alkynes with Ru3(CO)12
Authors: Li Shasha , Xu Lei , Jiang Liping , Zhang Guofang , Zhang Weiqiang , Gao Ziwei
Published: November 2019

The strong coordination ability of nitrogen atoms of N-heterocyclic groups plays key roles in the product distribution and molecular structures.
Nonspherical chiral helical polymer particles with programmable morphology prepared by electrospraying
Authors: Li Pengpeng , Pan Kai , Deng Jianping
Published: November 2019

We anticipate that nonspherical chiral particles may open up a new research field as advanced functional micro- and nanomaterials.
Shape-driven arrest of coffee stain effect drives the fabrication of carbon-nanotube-graphene-oxide inks for printing embedded structures and temperature sensors
Authors: Zhao Beihan , Wang Yanbin , Sinha Shayandev , Chen Chaoji , Liu Dapeng , Dasgupta Abhijit , Hu Liangbing , Das Siddhartha
Published: November 2019

Carbon nanotube (CNT) based binder-free, syringe-printable inks, with graphene oxide being used as dispersants, have been designed and developed based on the unique ellipsoidal-particle-shape-mediated arrest of the coffee-stain effect.
FexNiy/CeO2 loaded on N-doped nanocarbon as an advanced bifunctional electrocatalyst for the overall water splitting
Authors: Chen Lulu , Jang Haeseong , Kim Min Gyu , Qin Qing , Liu Xien , Cho Jaephil
Published: November 2019

The synergy of each component in the FexNiy/CeO2/NC renders outstanding electrocatalytic activities and stability toward the HER and OER.
Correction: Non-thermal plasma assisted surface nano-textured carboxymethyl guar gum/chitosan hydrogels for biomedical applications
Authors: Dalei Ganeswar , Das Subhraseema , Das Smruti Prava
Published: November 2019

Correction for ‘Non-thermal plasma assisted surface nano-textured carboxymethyl guar gum/chitosan hydrogels for biomedical applications’ by Ganeswar Dalei et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 1705–1716.
Dual-cross-linked dynamic hydrogels with cucurbit[8]uril and imine linkages
Authors: Zhang Jin , Hou Shengzhen , Chen Yanru , Zhou Jing , Chen Hao , Tan Yebang
Published: November 2019

Dual cross-linking of hydrogels with fast and slow crosslinks enhances both the mechanical and dynamic properties of dynamic hydrogels.
Self-healing silk from the sea: role of helical hierarchical structure inPinna nobilisbyssus mechanics
Authors: Pasche Delphine , Horbelt Nils , Marin Frédéric , Motreuil Sébastien , Fratzl Peter , Harrington Matthew J.
Published: November 2019

Pinna nobilisbyssal threads have been used for millennia to produce a valuable golden fabric known as sea silk. Here, we combine mechanical testing with X-ray diffraction to elucidate the molecular basis of the properties of this remarkable fiber.
Rates of Prelinguistic Communication and Early Symbol Use in Young Children With Down Syndrome: Using a Progress-Monitoring Tool to Model Growth
Authors: Romano Mollie , Kaiser Ann , Lounds-Taylor Julie , Woods Juliann
Published: November 2019

Purpose

This study aims to provide descriptive data on rates of expressive communication skill use in young children with Down syndrome (DS) across early childhood. Children with DS are known to have delays in expressive communication, but there are little current data on rates of communication in early skills, such as gestures, vocalizations, words, and word combinations. In addition, few studies use measures that offer a composite or “across-skills” view of early development across time.

Method

This article used a longitudinal descriptive design to generate growth curves for expected rates of communication in young children with DS in 4 major skill elements as measured by the Individual Growth and Development Indicator–Early Communication Index. Using data from 19 children aged 11–42 months with DS, we used hierarchical linear modeling to generate growth curves for children with DS while comparing them to the benchmarked data available for children who are typically developing.

Results

Results indicate relative strengths in gesture use, a longer period of vocalizations, and lower rates of growth in single and multiple word combinations across time. Children differed significantly from one another on all parameters.

Conclusion

These data indicate a need to develop and research interventions to support the transition from gestures to words and that support early word combinations in young children with DS.
Linear‐quadratic mean‐field game for stochastic large‐population systems with jump diffusion
Authors: Li Min , Li Na , Wu Zhen
Published: November 2019

This study is concerned with linear‐quadratic mean‐field game problem for a class of stochastic large‐population systems with Poisson processes. The control is allowed to enter the jump diffusion terms of the individuals' state equation. By virtue of the stochastic Hamiltonian system and Riccati equation for limiting control problem, the decentralised optimal strategies are represented in the open‐loop and closed‐loop forms, respectively. Different from the existing results, the limit representation of average term is proposed in closed‐loop form via the separation technique. Meanwhile, the decentralised optimal strategies are verified to be the ‐Nash equilibrium of the original problem. Finally, two practical control problems in engineering and economics areas are presented to demonstrate the good performance of theoretical results.
Gaussian sum pseudolinear Kalman filter for bearings‐only tracking
Authors: Jiang Haonan , Cai Yuanli
Published: November 2019

The efficacy of a bearings‐only tracking algorithm, to a great extent, depends on the target‐sensor geometry and motion. Although the pseudolinear Kalman filter and its variants have demonstrated comparable performance with the elite non‐linear filters, they still suffer from bias problems and the tracking performance is inevitably affected by the relative geometry and motion relationships. In this study, an observability metric based on classical control theory is first presented to characterise the relative relationships between the target and the sensor. Then an efficient bearings‐only tracking algorithm called Gaussian sum pseudolinear Kalman filter is developed. It is based on the bias‐compensated pseudolinear Kalman filter and is built within a Gaussian sum framework. In the novel algorithm, a splitting and merging procedure will be triggered when a low degree of observability is detected. Simulation results show the significant performance improvement of the proposed algorithm.
Die Geschichte der operativen Arthrosetherapie
Authors: Ruhnau Klaus , Becher Christoph
Published: November 2019

The operative Entwicklung der Arthrosetherapie beginnt in der Mitte des 19
Jahrhunderts. Voraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche operative Therapie
waren die Einführung der Narkose und das Verständnis für
eine adäquate Hygiene mit Asepis, Antisepsis und Sterilisation. Erst
hiernach konnten die technischen Errungenschaften der industriellen Revolution
mit der Nutzung des elektrischen Lichtes und der Röntgenstrahlen eine
erfolgreiche operative Arthrosetherapie initiieren. Nach der zunehmenden
Perfektionierung der Instrumente mit Etablierung der arthroskopischen Verfahren,
der Individualisierung der Endoprothetik und der nicht-invasiven Diagnostik
stehen seit dem Ende des 20ten Jahrhunderts die regenerativen Verfahren zur
Vermeidung beziehungsweise Verzögerung einer Gelenkarthrose im
Vordergrund.
Arbeitsplatzbezogene Belastungen und Ressourcen von ausländischen 24-Stunden-Betreuungskräften in deutschen Privathaushalten – eine qualitative Studie
Authors: Schilgen Benjamin , Savcenko Katja , Nienhaus Albert , Mösko Mike
Published: November 2019

Ziel der Studie 24-Stunden-Betreuungskräfte, die in deutschen Privathaushalten haushalts- und personennahe Dienstleistungen für ältere pflegebedürftige Menschen erbringen, stammen meist aus dem Ausland. Diese Arbeitsverhältnisse liegen in der Regel außerhalb tariflich oder arbeitsrechtlich verbindlicher Vereinbarungen. Betreuungskräfte erfahren soziale Isolation sowie eine Vermischung von Arbeit und Privatsphäre. Die Studienlage ist aufgrund der schwierigen Erreichbarkeit der Zielgruppe sehr lückenhaft. Die vorliegende Studie ist eine qualitative explorative Analyse der Arbeits- und Gesundheitssituation von 24-Stunden-Betreuungskräften mit dem Fokus auf arbeitsplatzbezogene Belastungen und Ressourcen.

Methodik Die Rekrutierung erfolgte über Vermittlungsagenturen, Onlineportale, soziale Netzwerke und Vereine. Es wurden 9 semistrukturierte Interviews mit ausländischen 24-Stunden-Betreuungskräften in Privathaushalten geführt. Die Auswertung orientierte sich an der zusammenfassenden Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring mit einer induktiven Kategorienbildung.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Ständige Verfügbarkeit, Verständigungsschwierigkeiten und interpersonelle Konflikte sind alltägliche Belastungen für ausländische 24-Stunden-Betreuungskräfte. Diese Belastungen gehen mit Beeinträchtigungen der psychischen und physischen Gesundheit in Form von Erschöpfung, Schlaflosigkeit, erhöhter Reizbarkeit und Depressionssymptomen einher. Die Probandinnen erfahren aber auch Unterstützung durch Dritte und können sich emotional und räumlich von der direkten Betreuungssituation distanzieren. Das Erleben von Dankbarkeit, die Erfahrung akzeptiert zu werden aber auch eine finanzielle Absicherung werden als weitere relevante Ressourcen genannt. Die Sichtbarmachung der Zielgruppe ist forschungsbezogen durch einen ressourcenintensiven Rekrutierungsaufwand und politisch durch die Einführung einer gemeinsamen Berufsdefinition zu gewährleisten.
Patientenversorgung der Zukunft
Authors: Dähnert Enrico , Weiß Björn , Becherer Sabine , Denke Claudia , Edel Andreas , Gaßner Martina , Görtzen Susanne , Kirsten Sascha , Kleinwächter Robin , Krampe Henning , Menk Mario , Paul Nicolas , Roßberg Kerstin , Steinecke Karin , Spies Claudia ,   das ERIC-Konsortium
Published: November 2019

An der Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin wird gegenwärtig ein telemedizinisches Zentrum der Intensivmedizin etabliert. Ziel ist es, durch eine strukturierte Implementierung von Qualitätsindikatoren der DIVI Langzeitfolgen der Intensivmedizin zu verhindern. Pflegefachkräfte der Charité sind an der Aufbauarbeit dieses Zentrums beteiligt. In einem geförderten Pilotprojekt finden dort seit Dezember 2018 in einem regionalen Netzwerk aus Kliniken in Berlin und Brandenburg im Rahmen einer klinischen Studie multiprofessionelle Televisiten statt.
Kaufsucht im Internet
Authors: Müller Astrid , Trotzke Patrick , Steins-Löber Sabine
Published: November 2019

Mit der zunehmenden Digitalisierung des Alltagslebens ist eine Verlagerung traditioneller Kaufsucht ins Internet zu beobachten. Die analoge und digitale Variante von Kaufsucht unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich wesentlicher Merkmale nicht voneinander. Dies betrifft die starke gedankliche Beschäftigung mit kaufbezogenen Themen und Konsumgütern, das intensive Kaufverlangen, den wiederholten Kontrollverlust über den Warenkonsum und die resultierenden negativen Folgen. Allerdings geschieht Online-Shopping simultaner, schneller und unterliegt wesentlich weniger körperlichen und zeitlichen Begrenzungen als traditionelles Einkaufen. Bei Online-Kaufsucht sind spezifische Internetnutzungserwartungen relevant, z. B. die Erwartung von Anonymität, Produktvielfalt und prompter Induktion positiver Gefühle. Dieses narrative Review informiert über die digitale Variante von Kaufsucht und geht auf aktuelle theoretische Modelle von Online-Kaufsucht sowie auf experimentelle Studien ein.
Prä-klinische Ansätze der Computerspiel- und Internetsucht: Schulbasierte Präventionsansätze, Medientraining und eine Empfehlung für finanzielle Obergrenzen bei In-Game-Käufen (MIRPPU)
Authors: Dreier Michael , Beutel Manfred E. , Müller Kai W. , Wölfling Klaus
Published: November 2019

Ausgewählte Beiträge eines internationalen Reviews zu schulbasierten Präventionsansätzen werden vorgestellt. Aufgrund ihrer Wirksamkeit werden 2 internationale Ansätze dargestellt. Ergänzend werden 5 z.T. evaluierte Ansätze des deutschen Sprachraumes beschrieben.

Um einer subklinisch exzessiven Nutzungsgruppe ein benötigtes präventives Angebot zur Verfügung zu stellen, wurde von der Ambulanz für Spielsucht Mainz ein Medientraining konzipiert. Dieser verhaltenstherapeutische Präventionsansatz wird konzeptuell und mit seinen ersten Pilotergebnissen abgebildet. Beim Medientraining handelt es sich um eine gruppentherapeutische Frühintervention für Kinder und Jugendlichen mit problematischer Computerspiel- und Internetnutzung im Alter von 12–17 Jahren. Das prä-klinische Medientraining erweist sich als effektive Präventionsmaßnahme, denn es wurde eine deutliche Reduktion der Nutzungszeiten unter der Woche und am Wochenende erwirkt. Es kam zu Verbesserungen der Bewertung der Zukunftsperspektiven, einer Steigerung des Problemverständnis, einer Identifikation individueller suchtauslösender Faktoren, einer Verbesserung der familiären als auch schulischen Situation sowie zu einer Verbesserung der seelischen und körperlichen Situation.

Strukturelle präventive Maßnahmen wie politische Regulationen des Jugendschutzes sollten weiter diskutiert und auf ihre Umsetzbarkeit hin überprüft werden. Eine Anregung dazu sind altersadäquate finanzielle Obergrenzen für Mikrotransaktionen (MIRPPU; Maximum Individual Revenue Per Paying User per month).
Student Perceptions of Instructional Ultrasound Videos as Preparation
for a Practical Assessment
Authors: Altersberger Martin , Pavelka Philipp , Sachs Alexander , Weber Michael , Wagner-Menghin Michaela , Prosch Helmut
Published: November 2019

Learning ultrasound early in the medical school curriculum
helps students to understand anatomy and pathology and to perform defined
ultrasound standard views. Instructional videos are a potentially valuable
tool for improving the process of learning ultrasound skills. It was the aim
of the present study to investigate how students perceived instructional
videos as a learning aid, compared to other learning opportunities, in
preparation for an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE).

Eleven concise ultrasound videos were created
and implemented in the 4th year at the Medical University of
Vienna. The videos illustrate the predefined examination process, image
optimization, and nine standardized ultrasound views. The videos were
available to be used in preparation for the practical ultrasound
examination, which was part of the objective structured clinical
examination. The students’ perceptions of the instructional videos
and other learning methods were surveyed using an online questionnaire.

In total, 445 of 640 students (69.5% of the cohort)
used the instructional videos. Of those students, 134 (30%) answered
the questionnaire. Of this group, 88.9% rated the instructional
videos as very helpful (49.6% as extremely helpful). An ANOVA
revealed a significant difference between various learning materials in
terms of helpfulness. Post hoc analysis showed that instructional videos
were perceived as the second most helpful learning material after
“self-execution and feedback.”

The study revealed that students use instructional videos
frequently and appreciate them as an extra tool for effective studying.
Ultraschall-gezielte Botulinumtoxin-Therapie in der Neurologie: etablierte Indikationen und Techniken
Authors: Walter Uwe
Published: November 2019

Botulinumtoxin (BT) wird in der Neurologie eingesetzt zur Behandlung von Erkrankungen mit Muskelhyperaktivität, wie Dystonie, Spastik und Zerebralparese, muskulär bedingten Nervenengpass-Syndromen, sowie von Erkrankungen mit Hyperaktivität exokriner Drüsen.

Mittels Ultraschall (US) kann die gesamte Prozedur der BT-Injektion in oberflächennahe Muskeln und Drüsen in Echtzeit visualisiert und geführt werden. Die Ergebnisse verschiedener Studien sprechen dafür, dass die US-gezielte im Vergleich zur konventionellen Injektionstechnik den Effekt der BT-Therapie verbessert und Nebenwirkungen reduziert. Die US-gezielte Injektionstechnik ist heute etabliert zur BT-Injektion in die Glandula parotis und die Glandula submandibularis bei neurologischen Erkrankungen mit Hypersalivation. Des Weiteren ist die US-gezielte BT-Injektion zu empfehlen bei komplizierten Formen der zervikalen Dystonie sowie bei dystonem Kopftremor, insbesondere zur Injektion der Mm. scaleni, des M. obliquus capitis inferior und des M. longissimus capitis. Die US-gezielte BT-Injektion ist Standard bei der Behandlung spezifischer Unterarmmuskeln (z.B. einzelner Fingerflexoren), wenn deren Funktionalität von Bedeutung ist, insbesondere bei tätigkeitsassoziierten Dystonien und bei milder Spastik. Die US-gezielte Injektionstechnik ist sinnvoll bei Therapie bestimmter Beinmuskeln. In dieser Übersicht werden die Technik und die häufigen neurologischen Indikationen der US-geführten BT-Injektion vorgestellt.
Short-Term Effects of Growth Hormone on Lipolysis, Glucose and Amino Acid Metabolism Assessed in Serum and Microdialysate of Healthy Young Men
Authors: Krebs Andreas , Baum Andreas , Doerfer Jürgen , Gempel Klaus , Wurm Michael , Brichta Corinna , Sass Jörn Oliver , Winkler Karl , Schwab Karl Otfried
Published: November 2019

Objective We investigated direct effects of a therapeutic growth hormone dose on lipolysis, glucose and amino acid metabolism.

Methods This crossover microdialysis trial involved six healthy male volunteers receiving single subcutaneous injections of both growth hormone (0.035 mg/kg) and placebo (0.9% sodium chloride). The investigation comprised three test days with standard diet. The first day served for adaptation, the second and third one for determining study data during 9 night hours with or without growth hormone. Abdominal subcutaneous microdialysate and blood were continuously collected and forwarded to a separate room next door where hourly taken samples were centrifuged and frozen until analysed.

Results Growth hormone achieved the peak serum level after 3 h followed by a plateau-like course for the next 6 h. Glycerol in microdialysate started to rise 2 h following growth hormone injection achieving significance compared to placebo after 9 h (P<0.05). Serum glycerol increased 4 h after growth hormone administration achieving significance after 6 h (P<0.05). Glucose and amino acid concentrations showed neither in microdialysate nor in serum significant differences between growth hormone and placebo. Serum values of insulin and C-peptide revealed no significant difference between growth hormone and placebo.

Summary and Conclusion As the result of a high single subcutaneous dose of GH, persistent lipolysis can be shown in continuously collected microdialysate and blood, but no indication for gluconeogenesis or protein anabolism.
In-plane deformation monitoring of a cylindriscal specimen using a simple approximate method combined with two-dimensional digital image correlation
Authors: Sang Yong , Zhao Jianlong , Duan Fuhai , Ji Xiaomeng
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a quick-to-implement and simple approximate method that uses a single camera system to measure the relatively small surface deformation of a cylindrical specimen in the context of triaxial tests in geotechnical engineering. Digital images of a speckled cylindrical specimen before and after loading were obtained from only one perspective view. For each acquired image, there are geometric distortions and speckle losses, which are mainly caused by both perspective projection and column shape. Based on particular prior knowledge, we attempted to back-project the raw perspective images onto a cylindrical curved surface to reconstruct the speckle feature scene. These back-projected images were subsequently analyzed by the two-dimensional digital image correlation method to reveal the surface deformation information of the region of interest on the surface of the test specimen. Finally, a test case and a finite element study were, respectively, given to validate the effectiveness of the method. This feasibility study demonstrates the potential of extending this method to handle a wide range of regular cylindrical specimens with a relatively small deformation which are analyzed without taking out-of-plane motion into consideration.
X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy study of warm dense MgO
Authors: Bolis R. , Hernandez J.-A. , Recoules V. , Guarguaglini M. , Dorchies F. , Jourdain N. , Ravasio A. , Vinci T. , Brambrink E. , Ozaki N. , Bouchet J. , Remus F. , Musella R. , Mazevet S. , Hartley N. J. , Guyot F. , Benuzzi-Mounaix A.
Published: November 2019

We report time-resolved X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES) measurements of warm dense MgO. We used a high power nanosecond pulse to drive a strong uniform shock wave into an MgO sample, and a picosecond pulse to generate a broadband X-ray source near the Mg K-edge. We used this setup to obtain XANES spectra across a large area of the phase diagram, with densities up to 6.8 g/cc and temperatures up to 30 000 K, conditions at which no prior investigations of electronic and ionic structure exist. Our XANES results, together with quantum molecular dynamic simulations, demonstrate that the sample metallizes due to the bandgap closure as it melts, after which it shows typical behavior for a disordered ionic liquid.
Impact of network topology on the stability of DC microgrids
Authors: Wienand J. F. , Eidmann D. , Kremers J. , Heitzig J. , Hellmann F. , Kurths J.
Published: November 2019

We probe the stability of Watts–Strogatz DC microgrids, in which droop-controlled producers and constant power load consumers are homogeneously distributed and obey Kirchhoff’s circuit laws. The concept of survivability is employed to evaluate the system’s response to Dirac-delta voltage perturbations at single nodes. A fixed point analysis of the power grid model yields that there is only one relevant attractor. Using a set of simulations with random networks, we investigate correlations between survivability and three topological network measures: the share of producers in the network and the degree and the average neighbor degree of the perturbed node. Depending on the imposed voltage and current limits, the stability is optimized for low node degrees or a specific share of producers. Based on our findings, we provide an insight into the local dynamics of the perturbed system and derive explicit guidelines for the design of resilient DC power grids.
Hybrid particle-in-cell simulations of laser-driven plasma interpenetration, heating, and entrainment
Authors: Higginson D. P. , Amendt P. , Meezan N. , Riedel W. , Rinderknecht H. G. , Wilks S. C. , Zimmerman G.
Published: November 2019

Kinetic-ion, quasineutral, fluid-electron particle-in-cell simulations of interpenetrating carbon–carbon plasma flows in 2D RZ cylindrical geometry are presented. The simulations are initialized with solid density targets that are subsequently irradiated by 1014 W/cm2 intensity lasers using a raytracing package. The ablation, interpenetration, heating, slowing, entrainment, and stagnation of the plasma flows evolve self-consistently within the code. The particle density, velocity phase space, and fits to the velocity distribution functions are used, along with analytical collisional stopping rates, to interpret the dynamics of the flow evolution. Comparisons to multifluid simulations are described and used to highlight ion-kinetic effects in the setup. Synthetic Thomson scattering diagnostic signals are generated using detailed knowledge of the plasma distribution functions. The large scale of the system, 1 × 1 mm for 2 ns, and the detailed dynamics extracted demonstrate that such hybrid codes are powerful tools for the design and evaluation of laboratory-scale high-energy-density plasma physics experiments.
Dissociative photoionization of NO across a shape resonance in the XUV range using circularly polarized synchrotron radiation
Authors: Veyrinas K. , Saquet N. , Marggi Poullain S. , Lebech M. , Houver J.-C. , Lucchese R. R. , Dowek D.
Published: November 2019

We report benchmark results for dissociative photoionization (DPI) spectroscopy and dynamics of the NO molecule in the region of the σ* shape resonance in the ionization leading to the NO+(c 3Π) ionic state. The experimental study combines well characterized extreme ultraviolet (XUV) circularly polarized synchrotron radiation, delivered at the DESIRS beamline (SOLEIL), with ion-electron coincidence 3D momentum spectroscopy. The measured (N+, e) kinetic energy correlation diagrams reported at four discrete photon energies in the extended 23–33 eV energy range allow for resolving the different active DPI reactions and underline the importance of spectrally resolved studies using synchrotron radiation in the context of time-resolved studies where photoionization is induced by broadband XUV attosecond pulses. In the dominant DPI reaction which leads to the NO+(c 3Π) ionic state, photoionization dynamics across the σ* shape resonance are probed by molecular frame photoelectron angular distributions where the parallel and perpendicular transitions are highlighted, as well as the circular dichroism CDAD(θe) in the molecular frame. The latter also constitute benchmark references for molecular polarimetry. The measured dynamical parameters are well described by multichannel Schwinger configuration interaction calculations. Similar results are obtained for the DPI spectroscopy of highly excited NO+ electronic states populated in the explored XUV photon energy range.
Simulation of circulating tumor cell transport and adhesion in cell suspensions in microfluidic devices
Authors: Tan Jifu , Ding Zhenya , Hood Michael , Li Wei
Published: November 2019

Understanding cell transport and adhesion dynamics under flow is important for many biotransport problems. We investigated the influence of cell size, ligand coating density, micropost size, and intercellular collisions on circulating tumor cell adhesion and transport in microfluidic devices. The cells were modeled as coarse-grained cell membranes and the adhesion was modeled as pairwise interacting potentials, while the fluid was solved using the lattice Boltzmann method. The coupling between the cell and the fluid was achieved through the immersed boundary method. The cell showed transient rolling adhesion in high shear regions and firm adhesion in low shear regions. The adhesive force for rolling cells on a micropost was increasing before the cell reached the crest of the post and then decreasing afterward. The adhesive strength for cells increases with ligand coating density. Cell trajectories in a microfluidic device with a shifted post design were studied as well. At low concentrations, the majority of the cells follow streamlines closely. However, the intercellular collision and collision from red blood cells impacted the cell trajectories. An L2 norm of |e| was defined to characterize the difference between the cell trajectories and the associated streamlines. It was shown that |e|L2 increases with micropost sizes and cell concentrations.
Surfactants for manipulating droplets should be used carefully
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: November 2019

Though surfactants have widespread applications in microfluidics, their effects on droplet dynamics are not well understood.