bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real sweating in a virtual stress environment: Investigation of the stress reactivity in people with primary focal hyperhidrosis
Authors: Schote Andrea B. , Dietrich Katharina , Linden Adrian E. , Dzionsko Inga , Molano Moreno Laura De Los Angeles , Winnikes Ulrike , Zimmer Patrick , Domes Gregor , Meyer Jobst
Published: August 2022

Background

Hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating, OMIM %114110) is a complex disorder with multifactorial causes. Emotional strains and social stress increase symptoms and lead to a vicious circle. Previously, we showed significantly higher depression scores, and normal cortisol awakening responses in patients with primary focal hyperhidrosis (PFH). Stress reactivity in response to a (virtual) Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-VR) has not been studied so far. Therefore, we measured sweat secretion, salivary cortisol and alpha amylase (sAA) concentrations, and subjective stress ratings in affected and non-affected subjects in response to a TSST-VR.

Method

In this pilot study, we conducted TSST-VRs and performed general linear models with repeated measurements for salivary cortisol and sAA levels, heart rate, axillary sweat and subjective stress ratings for two groups (diagnosed PFH (n = 11), healthy controls (n = 16)).

Results

PFH patients showed significantly heightened sweat secretion over time compared to controls (p= 0.006), with highest quantities during the TSST-VR. In both groups, sweating (p< 0.001), maximum cortisol levels (p= 0.002), feelings of stress (p< 0.001), and heart rate (p< 0.001) but not sAA (p= 0.068) increased significantly in response to the TSST-VR. However, no differences were detected in subjective ratings, cortisol concentrations and heart rate between PFH patients and controls (pall> 0.131).

Conclusion

Patients with diagnosed PFH showed stress-induced higher sweat secretion compared to healthy controls but did not differ in the stress reactivity with regard to endocrine or subjective markers. This pilot study is in need of replication to elucidate the role of the sympathetic nervous system as a potential pathway involved in the stress-induced emotional sweating of PFH patients.
A three component model for superdiffusive motion effectively describes migration of eukaryotic cells moving freely or under a directional stimulus
Authors: Toscano Elvira , Sepe Leandra , del Giudice Giusy , Tufano Rossella , Paolella Giovanni
Published: August 2022

Although the simple diffusion model can effectively describe the movement of eukaryotic cells on a culture surface observed at relatively low sampling frequency, at higher sampling rates more complex models are often necessary to better fit the experimental data. Currently available models can describe motion paths by involving additional parameters, such as linearity or directional persistence in time. However sometimes difficulties arise as it is not easy to effectively evaluate persistence in presence of a directional bias. Here we present a procedure which helps solve this problem, based on a model which describes displacement as the vectorial sum of three components: diffusion, persistence and directional bias. The described model has been tested by analysing the migratory behaviour of simulated cell populations and used to analyse a collection of experimental datasets, obtained by observing cell cultures in time lapse microscopy. Overall, the method produces a good description of migration behaviour as it appears to capture the expected increase in the directional bias in presence of wound without a large concomitant increase in the persistence module, allowing it to remain as a physically meaningful quantity in the presence of a directional stimulus.
Seeing the Forrest through the trees: Oculomotor metrics are linked to heart rate
Authors: Hoogerbrugge Alex J. , Strauch Christoph , Oláh Zoril A. , Dalmaijer Edwin S. , Nijboer Tanja C. W. , Van der Stigchel Stefan
Published: August 2022

Fluctuations in a person’s arousal accompany mental states such as drowsiness, mental effort, or motivation, and have a profound effect on task performance. Here, we investigated the link between two central instances affected by arousal levels, heart rate and eye movements. In contrast to heart rate, eye movements can be inferred remotely and unobtrusively, and there is evidence that oculomotor metrics (i.e., fixations and saccades) are indicators for aspects of arousal going hand in hand with changes in mental effort, motivation, or task type. Gaze data and heart rate of 14 participants during film viewing were used in Random Forest models, the results of which show that blink rate and duration, and the movement aspect of oculomotor metrics (i.e., velocities and amplitudes) link to heart rate–more so than the amount or duration of fixations and saccades. We discuss that eye movements are not only linked to heart rate, but they may both be similarly influenced by the common underlying arousal system. These findings provide new pathways for the remote measurement of arousal, and its link to psychophysiological features.
Bayesian and frequentist approaches to sequential monitoring for futility in oncology basket trials: A comparison of Simon’s two-stage design and Bayesian predictive probability monitoring with information sharing across baskets
Authors: Kaizer Alexander , Zabor Emily , Nie Lei , Hobbs Brian
Published: August 2022

This article discusses and compares statistical designs of basket trial, from both frequentist and Bayesian perspectives. Baskets trials are used in oncology to study interventions that are developed to target a specific feature (often genetic alteration or immune phenotype) that is observed across multiple tissue types and/or tumor histologies. Patient heterogeneity has become pivotal to the development of non-cytotoxic treatment strategies. Treatment targets are often rare and exist among several histologies, making prospective clinical inquiry challenging for individual tumor types. More generally, basket trials are a type of master protocol often used for label expansion. Master protocol is used to refer to designs that accommodates multiple targets, multiple treatments, or both within one overarching protocol. For the purpose of making sequential decisions about treatment futility, Simon’s two-stage design is often embedded within master protocols. In basket trials, this frequentist design is often applied to independent evaluations of tumor histologies and/or indications. In the tumor agnostic setting, rarer indications may fail to reach the sample size needed for even the first evaluation for futility. With recent innovations in Bayesian methods, it is possible to evaluate for futility with smaller sample sizes, even for rarer indications. Novel Bayesian methodology for a sequential basket trial design based on predictive probability is introduced. The Bayesian predictive probability designs allow interim analyses with any desired frequency, including continual assessments after each patient observed. The sequential design is compared with and without Bayesian methods for sharing information among a collection of discrete, and potentially non-exchangeable tumor types. Bayesian designs are compared with Simon’s two-stage minimax design.
Vocalization during agonistic encounter in Mongolian gerbils: Impact of sexual experience
Authors: Furuyama Takafumi , Shigeyama Takafumi , Ono Munenori , Yamaki Sachiko , Kobayasi Kohta I. , Kato Nobuo , Yamamoto Ryo
Published: August 2022

Behaviors and vocalizations associated with aggression are essential for animals to survive, reproduce, and organize social hierarchy. Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) are highly aggressive and frequently emit calls. We took advantage of these features to study the relationship between vocalizations and aggressive behaviors in virgin and sexually experienced male and female Mongolian gerbils through the same-sex resident-intruder test. Both sexes of resident gerbils exhibited aggressive responses toward intruders. Multiparous females exhibited the most aggressive responses among the four groups. We also confirmed two groups of vocalizations during the encounters: high-frequency (>24.6 kHz) and low-frequency (<24.6 kHz). At the timing of high-frequency vocalizations observed during the tests, the vast majority (96.2%) of the behavioral interactions were non-agonistic. While, at the timing of low-frequency vocalizations observed during the tests, around half (45%) of the behavioral interactions were agonistic. Low-frequency vocalizations were observed mainly during encounters in which multiparous females were involved. These results suggest that high- and low-frequency vocalizations relate to non-agonistic and agonistic interactions, respectively. In addition to affecting aggressive behavior, sexual experience also affects vocalization during encounters. These findings provide new insights into the modulatory effects of sex and sexual experience on vocalizations during agonistic encounters.
Community acceptance and social impacts of carbon capture, utilization and storage projects: A systematic meta-narrative literature review
Authors: Nielsen Jacob A. E. , Stavrianakis Kostas , Morrison Zoe
Published: August 2022

This manuscript presents a systematic meta-narrative review of peer-reviewed publications considering community acceptance and social impacts of site-specific Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) projects to inform the design and implementation of CCUS projects who seek to engage with communities during this process, as well as similar climate mitigation and adaptation initiatives. A meta-narrative approach to systematic review was utilized to understand literature from a range of site specific CCUS studies. 53 peer-reviewed papers were assessed reporting empirical evidence from studies on community impacts and social acceptance of CCUS projects published between 2009 and 2021. Three separate areas of contestation were identified. The first contestation was on acceptance, including how acceptance was conceptualized, how the different CCUS projects engaged with communities, and the role of acceptance in social learning. The second contestation related to communities: how communities were represented, where the communities were located in relation to the CCUS projects, and how the communities were defined. The third contestation was around CCUS impacts and the factors influencing individuals’ perceptions of impacts, the role of uncertainty, and how impacts were challenged by local communities, politicians and scientists involved in the projects. The next step was to explore how these contestations were conceptualised, the aspects of commonality and difference, as well as the notable omissions. This facilitated a synthesis of the key dimensions of each contestation to inform our discussion regarding community awareness and acceptance of CCUS projects. This review concludes that each CCUS project is complex thus it is not advisable to provide best practice guidelines that will ensure particular outcomes. This systematic review shared recommendations in the literature as to how best to facilitate community engagement in relation to CCUS projects and similar place-based industrial innovation projects. These recommendations focus on the importance of providing transparency, acknowledging uncertainty and encouraging collaboration.
Bench Testing Comparative Data Relative To Drainage Catheter Performance
Authors: Stibbs Peter
Published: August 2022

Drainage catheters are placed for the percutaneous removal of fluid collections and have been in utilization via image guided placement techniques since the 1970’s¹ As catheter technology has changed over the years without much in the way of objective ways to compare drainage performance, a unique opportunity presented itself to come up with independent and objective parameters to provide validity and efficacy data on drainage catheter performance looking at comparative factors that may effect in vivo performance during drainage procedures.
Heterogeneity in Center Practices in Liver Transplantation for Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease in the United States
Authors: Lim Nicholas , Kwong Allison J. , Jafri Syed-Mohammed , Jesse Michelle T. , Kriss Michael , Nair Kavitha , Pillai Anjana , Shingina Alexandra , Tang Qing , Desai Archita P.
Published: August 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is now the leading indication for liver transplantation (LT) in the United States (US). It remains unclear how centers are managing the medical and psychosocial issues associated with these patients.

METHODS:

We conducted a web-based survey of LT centers in the United States to identify center-level details on peri-LT management of ALD and related issues.

RESULTS:

Of the 117 adult LT centers, 100 responses (85.5%) were collected, representing all Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network regions. For alcohol-associated cirrhosis, 70.0% of the centers reported no minimum sobriety requirement while 21.0% required 6 months of sobriety. LT for severe alcohol-associated hepatitis was performed at 85.0% of the centers. Monitoring protocols for pre-LT and post-LT alcohol use varied among centers.

DISCUSSION:

Our findings highlight a change in center attitudes toward LT for ALD, particularly for severe alcohol-associated hepatitis.
THERMAL PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF WALL ASSEMBLIES: CRITERIA IMPORTANCE THEORY AND AHP APPROACH
Authors: Biks Yuriy , Ratushnyak Olga , Lyalyuk Andriy , Ratushnyak Georgiy
Published: August 2022

The problem of the “best” choice in terms of the ecological, durable, cheap and energy-effective material of envelope construction has been considered in the paper. For the numerical assessment of the thermal performance, the MCDA techniques as Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Criteria Importance Theory (CIT) were used. There were proposed eight types of wall assemblies from a natural material, namely: Hempcrete, Adobe, Strawbale panel, Earthbag, Cordwood, SIP (plywood+ecofiber), Hempcrete+straw and Compositional building thermo-block. As a objective function for the search of the best alternative the integral index was proposed which consist of thermo-physical and economic criteria. As the thermo-physical criteria component of the index were taken the u-value of the envelope W/m2K, the dimensionless decrement factor of the envelope f and the internal areal heat capacity of the envelope k1, kJ/m2K according to ISO 13786:2017. As economic criteria of the integral index, the authors proposed the cost of the wall material Q, UAH/m2 and the mass of the wall m, kg/m2. The analysis of the conducted research has shown, that from the one hand there is no absolute “leader” in the ranking of the wall assemblies according to the proposed criteria and MCDA technique, but from the other hand by comparison of the results, there were revealed that the top three alternatives in both AHP and CIT technique are walls of “B”, “D” and “E” type with different point order, achieved in each MCDA calculation technique.
EQUIVALENT THICKNESS COEFFICIENT OF COLD CENTRAL PLANT RECYCLING PAVEMENT STRUCTURE
Authors: Yang Yanhai , Yue Liang , Zhang Huaizhi , Yang Ye
Published: August 2022

This research focuses on the equivalent relationship between cold central plant recycling mixture and hot mix asphalt. In this paper, the pavement surface condition index (PCI) was calculated by the road surface conditions investigating, which was used as the evaluation standard. The unreasonable data were removed by SPSS software. The existing decay equation of pavement performance was simplified by MATLAB, and optimized by the Marquardt and global optimization methods. The survey data were fitted nonlinearly by 1stOpt software. Ultimately, the multivariate nonlinear regression optimization equation of the equivalent thickness coefficient was established. The results show that the cold central plant recycling with the emulsified asphalt (CREA) pavement equivalent thickness coefficient is 0.587. The cold central plant recycling with the foamed asphalt (CRFA) pavement equivalent thickness coefficient is 0.632. In addition, the performance of 10 cm cold central plant recycling pavement is equivalent to 6 cm the traditional hot mix asphalt pavement. The dispersion of the CREA is greater than that of the CRFA significantly.
FORMATION AND FAILURE BEHAVIOR OF OPEN-GRADED FRICTION COURSE AT LOW TEMPERATURES
Authors: Yu Baoyang , Sun Zongguang , Qi Lin
Published: August 2022

To study the deformation and failure behavior of the open-graded friction course (OGFC) before cracking at low temperatures, a four-point bending test of the trabecula was conducted, and the deformation process was monitored by the digital speckle method (DSM). The distribution law of the strain field of the trabecular specimens was analyzed. The horizontal strain field gradually changed from a uniform distribution to a strain concentration area with loading. The crack initiation time, crack initiation strain, and deformation period were obtained from the strain curve. The combination of stress reconstruction and DSM makes the stress measurement of the OGFC more authentic.
Co-creation workshops for developing local community networks during a pandemic
Authors: Fröbel Friederike , Lange Carina , Mandaroux Jeanne , Ajavon Nora , Wirth Anna-Lisa , Tsamedi Victoire , Afanou Séti , Foli-Bebe Ousia , Joost Gesche
Published: August 2022

During co-creation workshops, three communities in Lomé, Togo, developed their own alternative technology – do-it-yourself networks that were adapted to their specific local needs. Usually, these collaborative formats require physical proximity, not only between participants, but also between participants and their local environments. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all physical meetings were cancelled or restricted, and the project team had to transfer their methodologies to digital formats accommodating geographical distance. Their endeavours revealed challenges regarding both local community networking in general and the adaptation of co-creation methodologies during a global pandemic. A major lesson learned was the importance of trust among participants in such an interdisciplinary and diverse consortium. This article offers insights into the collaborative development of local community networks, providing new perspectives on co-design in the restrictive settings caused by the global COVID-19 pandemic.
Tonalidad: un tema con variaciones
Authors: Anta Fernando
Published: August 2022

El de tonalidad es un concepto musicológico clave. Así, una pregunta importante en la investigación en música es: ¿qué significa la tonalidad? Es más, la pregunta puede ser: ¿cómo evolucionó el concepto de tonalidad en el tiempo? En el presente trabajo se abordó esta pregunta. Específicamente, se utilizaron técnicas de análisis terminológico y de contenido para inferir el modo en que la tonalidad fue concebida desde el primer registro lingüístico disponible del término, hasta el presente. Las fuentes seleccionadas fueron Choron (1810), Fétis (1867), Schenker (1906), Schönberg (1922), Piston (1959), y también definiciones recolectadas de miembros de nuestras comunidades académicas. Los componentes conceptuales de la noción de tonalidad encontrados en los textos fueron categorizados como perceptuales, cognitivos, afectivos, ejecutivos, y/o lingüísticos. Los resultados sugieren una recuperación sesgada del concepto de tonalidad, en favor de sus componentes perceptuales y cognitivos.
De la cumbia que marea, a la marea que baila con cumbia las representaciones de Gilda en el movimiento de mujeres y disidencias
Authors: Novik Daniela
Published: August 2022

En el presente artículo indagaremos cómo ocurrió la resignificación de la imagen de Gilda, partiendo del supuesto de que ésta se vincula con la expansión de discursos feministas. Con este propósito, comenzaremos reponiendo ciertos datos biográficos para luego analizar lecturas sobre su figura que se hicieron a posteriori de su muerte, momento en el que adquiere significativa popularidad. Para ordenar, dividiremos este análisis en tres grandes representaciones posibles que sirven para pensar los modos de recepción de Gilda en distintos contextos: Gilda santa, Gilda blanca y Gilda feminista. En esta última construcción analizaremos en mayor profundidad ciertos usos y apropiaciones que se dieron de la figura y de la música de la cantante por parte de los movimientos de mujeres resignificándola en clave feminista.
KATOBA IN MUNA SOCIETY
Authors: Hayani Aida , Prasojo Zaenuddin Hudi
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Katoba is one tradition of the Muna Community. It still preserved and practiced. Especially in Muna society, it has been adapted into Islam practice. This study Aimed to know how katoba are believed and practiced and then become one of a religious creed which, originally is not purely derived from Islamic teaching. This study used a case study. Islam has Universalism concept that is able to converge and fuse with various civilizations and culture, this makes Islam accepted in many nations and civilizations. Muna people believe that katoba is one of the rituals associated with religious belief. Because it is consist of several religious values which must be executed, such as 2 (two) aspects as follow: firstly; the Actor of katoba should have a good understanding of the religion. Secondly, the moment to do katoba is when the children become approaching puberty (6-12 age). Katoba is considered to be closely related to Islam, so it becomes a public belief.Abstrak: Katoba merupakan salah satu tradisi masyarakat Muna yang masih dilestarikan dan dipraktikkan, khususnya di masyarakat Muna, telah diadaptasi ke dalam praktik Islam. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana katoba diyakini dan diamalkan kemudian menjadi salah satu akidah agama yang semula tidak murni bersumber dari ajaran Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kasus. Islam memiliki konsep Universalisme yang mampu menyatu dan melebur dengan berbagai peradaban dan budaya, hal ini membuat Islam diterima di banyak bangsa dan peradaban. Orang Muna percaya bahwa katoba adalah salah satu ritual yang terkait dengan kepercayaan agama. Karena didalamnya terkandung beberapa nilai religi yang harus dijalankan, seperti 2 (dua) aspek sebagai berikut: pertama; Pelaku katoba harus memiliki pemahaman yang baik tentang agama. Kedua, saat melakukan katoba adalah saat anak mendekati pubertas (6-12 tahun). Katoba dianggap sangat erat kaitannya dengan Islam, sehingga menjadi kepercayaan masyarakat.
The first-school retention of Black and Latinx community-insiders and elite college graduates: Implications for the recruitment, selection, and training of urban mathematics teachers
Authors: Brantlinger Andrew Morgan , Grant Ashley Anne
Published: August 2022

This quantitative study was designed to investigate teacher preparation as an interactive system and examine whether individual approaches to preparation are associated with differential retention benefits across different teacher subgroups. Drawing on longitudinal data on mathematics teachers who entered teaching through the New York City Teaching Fellows (NYCTF) program, the study focused specifically on the first-school retention of two policy-relevant teacher subgroups, namely, (1) the graduates of very selective colleges and (2) Black and Latinx community-insiders. Whereas the latter all attended city high schools, the former generally did not. In part because the field lacks a well-substantiated theory of the relationship between teacher initial preparation and their retention, we drew on intersectionality theory and incorporated two-way interaction effects in quantitative models of the teachers’ first-school retention. We found significant relationships between NYCTF’s initial training and the teachers’ retention and, further, that single approaches to initial training appeared to bestow different retention benefits to different teacher subgroups. We also found that the Black and Latinx community-insiders exhibited significantly higher rates of first-school retention than the elite college graduates and, for that matter, other NYCTF mathematics teachers. This result has clear implications for teacher recruitment and training and, in particular, the promise of developing community-based mathematics teachers who resemble the students they teach.
Riikka Palonkorpiová, Věda s lidskou tváří: činnost československých vědců Františka Šorma a Otty Wichterleho během studené války
Authors: Továrek Michal
Published: August 2022

Book review on Riikka Palonkorpiová, Věda s lidskou tváří: činnost československých vědců Františka Šorma a Otty Wichterleho během studené války. Academia, Praha 2017, 350 s., ISBN 978-80-200-2632-3.
Petr Fiala, (M)univerzita. Poslání, výzvy a proměny ve 21. století
Authors: Továrek Michal
Published: August 2022

Book review on Petr Fiala, (M)univerzita. Poslání, výzvy a proměny ve 21. století. B & P Publishing, Munipress, Brno 2019, 228 s., ISBN 978-80-7485-184-1.
Simposio checo-uruguayo: Nuestro siglo en común (Universidad de Hradec Králové, 25 de noviembre de 2021)
Authors: Binková Simona , Nešpůrková Anna Marie
Published: August 2022

Conference report
Green Public Procurement as a Tool for the Transition from the Linear Model of Economy to the Circular Economy
Authors: Karnavos Dimitrios , Mitoula Roido , Tragaki Alexandra , Apostolopoulos Constantinos
Published: August 2022

The present paper first investigates the penetration of Green Public Procurement in the Greek reality and then how Green Public Procurement functions as a tool for the transition from the linear to a circular economy model. To serve this purpose, a questionnaire was structured with a total of 38 questions. The Municipalities formed by the “Kallikratis” programme, were selected as a sample, which enter into contracts with Green Public Procurement for a wide range of goods and services. The majority of the questions gave the possibility to choose from the specific number of specific answers at a time, while some of them required the writing of an answer by the respondent himself. For the drafting of the questions, the most important elements related to the subject of Green Public Procurement were taken into account. As far as their structure is concerned, it was the result of the overall research carried out in the Greek and foreign annotated bibliography, while data were also drawn from questions of a similar nature that were altered from time to time in the field of Green Public Procurement. A very brief introduction to the conceptual approach to Green Public Procurement was also included in the structure of the questionnaire. Therefore, the respondent had the opportunity, in a very short period of time, to understand the subject of the investigation and to answer the questions that followed or to send the questionnaire to the relevant Municipal Department.
Relational Competence, School Adjustment and Emotional Skills: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Group of Junior High School Students of the Sicilian Hinterland
Authors: Monica Pellerone , Razza Stesy Giuseppa , Miccichè Sandra , Piccolo Alessandra Lo
Published: August 2022

Literature has demonstrated the influence of emotional adjustment toward manifestation of problem behaviors in adolescence above all during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research goal is to investigate the relational competence, the school adjustment and emotional skills in a group of junior high school students of the Sicilian hinterland. The research involved 213 students, among which 82 boys (38.1%) and 131 girls (61.9%), aged between 11 and 14 (M=12.98; S.D.=1.05), of which 6.7% have repeated the school year once. Participants completed following instruments: the Test of Interpersonal Relationships (TRI) developed by Bracken (1993) in order to value the perception of adolescents concerning the quality of their relationships in social, familial and school contexts; the Multidimensional Test of Self-Esteem (TMA) created by Bracken (2003), structured in six scales, which coincide with the dimensions considered constitutive of self-esteem, namely: Interpersonal Relationships, Emotional Competence, Control over the Environment, School Success, Family Life and Body Image Perception. Data show that a good emotional competence of adolescents has a positive influence on learning and scholastic success, but above all on their relational ability towards peer-group.
Charge-offs, Defaults and the Financial Accelerator
Authors: Gunn Christopher M. , Johri Alok , Letendre Marc-André
Published: August 2022

U.S. banks countercyclically vary the ratio of charge-offs to defaulted loans (COD) and the standard deviation of COD is roughly 15 times that of GDP. We show that canonical financial accelerator models cannot explain these facts, but introducing stochastic default costs and stochastic risk can potentially resolve the discrepancy. Estimating the augmented model and including both surprise and news shocks reveals that default cost news shocks account for most of the variance of COD. Also, in the many model specifications we work with, default cost news shocks always account for at least 20 percent of the variance of investment, while risk news shocks account for a significant portion of the variation in the credit spread, and around 10 percent of the variation in investment growth. Both news shocks also account for a material amount of the variance of hours and output growth.
Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to hypernatremia
Authors: Ilardi Alfonso
Published: August 2022

Hypernatremia occurs when the plasma sodium concentration is greater than 145 mmol/L. Depending on the duration, hypernatremia can be differentiated into acute and chronic. According to severity: mild, moderate and threatening hypernatremia. Finally, depending on pathogenesis, hypernatremia can be defined as hypervolemic, hypovolemic, and euvolemic. Acute hypervolemic hypernatremia is often secondary to increased sodium intake (hypertonic NaCl and NaHCO3 solutions). Instead, chronic hypervolemic hypernatremia may be an expression of primary hyperaldosteronism. Euvolemic hypernatremia occurs in diabetes insipidus: depending on the underlying pathogenesis, it can be classified into two basic types: neurogenic (or central) and nephrogenic. The neurogenic form may be triggered by traumatic, vascular or infectious events; the nephrogenic form may be due to pharmacological causes, such as lithium, or non-pharmacological ones, such as hypokalemia. For hypovolemic hypernatremia, possible explanations are renal or extrarenal losses. The main goal of treatment of hypernatremia is the restoration of plasma tonicity. In particular, if the imbalance has occurred acutely, rapid correction improves the prognosis by preventing the effects of cellular dehydration; if hypernatremia has developed slowly, over a period of days, a slow correction rate (no more than 0.4 mmol/L/h) is recommended.
A proposito di Giovanni Filopono cristiano e gli studi di Étienne Évrard
Authors: Longo Angela
Published: August 2022

The studies of É. Évrard, recently published by M.-A. Gavray (2020), are high quality works which allow to immerse oneself in the context of the Platonic-Aristotelian school of Alexandria in Egypt throughout the sixth century AD. They mostly focus on the figure and work of Joannes Philoponus, with specific attention to the compositional technique of hisCommentary on Aristotle’s Physicsand ofOn the Eternity of the World against Aristotle. Despite being strongly critical of the Stagirite on some points, also due to his Christian faith (as with regard to the eternity of the world, which he denies), Philoponus deeply assimilated Aristotelian methods, lexicon and concepts. He therefore uses this legacy in his commentary on the first chapter of the biblical text of the book ofGenesison the creation of the universe, of living species and of the human being (better known with the Latin titleDe opificio mundi). This work by Philoponus provides a first example of Christian Aristotelianism before the well-known one of the medieval Scholasticism.
An all Mach number finite volume method for isentropic two-phase flow
Authors: Lukáčová-Medvid’ová Mária , Puppo Gabriella , Thomann Andrea
Published: August 2022

We present an implicit–explicit finite volume scheme for isentropic two phase flow in all Mach number regimes. The underlying model belongs to the class of symmetric hyperbolic thermodynamically compatible models. The key element of the scheme consists of a linearisation of pressure and enthalpy terms at a reference state. The resulting stiff linear parts are integrated implicitly, whereas the non-linear higher order and transport terms are treated explicitly. Due to the flux splitting, the scheme is stable under a CFL condition which is determined by the resolution of the slow material waves and allows large time steps even in the presence of fast acoustic waves. Further the singular Mach number limits of the model are studied and the asymptotic preserving property of the scheme is proven. In numerical simulations the consistency with single phase flow, accuracy and the approximation of material waves in different Mach number regimes are assessed.
Optimizing chronic pain management through patient engagement with quality of life measures: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Licciardone John C. , McDonald Hanna , Yablon McKenna , Ngo Wayne , Cunanan Garza Kimberly Ann , Aryal Subhash
Published: August 2022

Context

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) represents a new approach for guiding chronic pain management because it is patient-centered and more likely to be understood and accepted by patients.

Objectives

To assess the value and utility of an eHealth intervention for patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) that was primarily based on HRQOL measures and to measure the clinical outcomes associated with its use.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was conducted within the Pain Registry for Epidemiological, Clinical, and Interventional Studies and Innovation (PRECISION Pain Research Registry) using participants screened from November 2019 through February 2021. A total of 331 registry participants within the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia met the eligibility criteria, which included having CLBP and HRQOL deficits. Almost three-fourths of the participants were enrolled after onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were randomized to an eHealth intervention for HRQOL or wait list control. The primary outcome measures involved HRQOL based on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), including the SPADE cluster (Sleep disturbance, Pain interference with activities, Anxiety, Depression, and low Energy/fatigue) and each of its five component scales. Secondary outcome measures involved low back pain intensity and back-related functioning. Changes over time for each outcome measure reported by participants in each treatment group were compared utilizing the student’s t-test for statistical significance and Cohen’s d statistic for clinical importance. Outcomes were reported as between-group differences in change scores and the d statistic, with positive values favoring the experimental treatment group.

Results

There were no significant differences between the experimental and control treatment groups for changes over time in any primary outcome measure. The d statistic (95% confidence interval) for the difference between the experimental and control treatment groups on the SPADE cluster was 0.04 (−0.18–0.25). The corresponding d statistics for the SPADE scales ranged from −0.06 (−0.27 to 0.16) for anxiety to 0.11 (−0.10 to 0.33) for sleep disturbance. There were also no significant or clinically important differences between the experimental and control treatment groups on the secondary outcome measures. Additionally, in subgroup analyses involving participants treated by osteopathic vs allopathic physicians, no significant interaction effects were observed.

Conclusions

The eHealth intervention studied herein did not achieve statistically significant or clinically important improvements in any of the primary or secondary outcome measures. However, the validity and generalizability of the findings may have been limited by the unforeseen onset and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic shortly after beginning the trial.
A case of severe systemic type 1 pseudohypoaldosteronism with 10 years of evolution
Authors: Coelho Almeida André , Bastos Gomes Mariana , Martins Sofia A. , Marques Olinda P. , Gomes Maria Miguel , Antunes Ana M.
Published: August 2022

Type 1 pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA-1) is a rare genetic syndrome of unresponsiveness to aldosterone and presents in the neonatal period with hyperkalemia, hyponatremia and metabolic acidosis. The mortality rate can be high and multidisciplinary team is needed for optimal management and adequate growth and development of these patients. Many genotype-phenotype correlations remain uncertain, and the description of the evolution of cases can increase scientific knowledge about the psychomotor development and severity of the different mutations. We report the follow-up for the last 10 years of a patient, with previously unrecognized genetic findings identified. In addition, we reviewed the literature and compared it with other pediatric cases.
Profiling disease and tissue-specific epigenetic signatures in cell-free DNA
Authors: Oberhofer Angela , Bronkhorst Abel Jacobus , Ungerer Vida , Holdenrieder Stefan
Published: August 2022

Programmed cell death, accidental cell degradation and active extrusion constantly lead to the release of DNA fragments into human body fluids from virtually all cell and tissue types. It is widely accepted that these cell-free DNA (cfDNA) molecules retain the cell-type specific genetic and epigenetic features. Particularly, cfDNA in plasma or serum has been utilized for molecular diagnostics. The current clinically implemented liquid biopsy approaches are mostly based on detecting genetic differences in cfDNA molecules from healthy and diseased cells. Their diagnostic potential is limited to pathologies involving genetic alterations, by the low proportion of cfDNA molecules carrying the mutation(s) relative to the total cfDNA pool, and by the detection limit of employed techniques. Recently, research efforts turned to epigenetic features of cfDNA molecules and found that the tissue-of-origin of individual cfDNA molecules can be inferred from epigenetic characteristics. Analysis of, e.g., methylation patterns, nucleosome or transcription factor binding site occupancies, fragment size distribution or fragment end motifs, and histone modifications determined the cell or tissue-of-origin of individual cfDNA molecules. With this tissue-of origin-analysis, it is possible to estimate the contributions of different tissues to the total cfDNA pool in body fluids and find tissues with increased cell death (pathologic condition), expanding the portfolio of liquid biopsies beyond genetics and towards a wide range of pathologies, such as autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation, among many others. In this review, we give an overview on the status of tissue-of-origin approaches and focus on what is needed to exploit the full potential of liquid biopsies towards minimally invasive screening methods with broad clinical applications.
Causality and the PA/SN distinction
Authors: Amaral Patrícia , Jarrett Dylan
Published: August 2022

We analyze two constructions expressing the negation of a causal relation in contemporary European Portuguese, nem por isso (lit. ‘not for this [reason]’) and não porque…mas porque (‘not because…but rather because’). We propose that the PA/SN distinction, established for adversative connectives (e.g., Spanish pero and German aber as PA, Spanish sino and German sondern as SN), can be extended to the domain of causality and provides insight on the properties of these two causal constructions. We show that their sensitivity to different types of conversational implicature as well as their interaction with negation are reminiscent of the distinction between restrictive and exclusive adversatives. Our investigation, which is the first semantic-pragmatic analysis of negated causality in European Portuguese, allows us to formulate historical predictions concerning the relation between types of negated causality and the possible development of adversative markers. Our findings provide synchronic evidence for a diachronic semantic path from negated causality to adversative meaning that has been posited for several Romance languages (e.g., Italian però, Spanish pero). Specifically, using contemporary corpus data, we show that the properties of nem por isso provide insight into the bridging contexts for semantic change from causal to adversative meanings. In addition, we identify a type of negated causality that fits within strategies of corrective contrast not exclusive to the domain of causal relations.
Potential diagnostic biomarkers for schizophrenia
Authors: Yue Weihua , Huang Hailiang , Duan Jubao
Published: August 2022

Schizophrenia (SCH) is a complex and severe mental disorder with high prevalence, disability, mortality and carries a heavy disease burden, the lifetime prevalence of SCH is around 0.7%–1.0%, which has a profound impact on the individual and society. In the clinical practice of SCH, key problems such as subjective diagnosis, experiential treatment, and poor overall prognosis are still challenging. In recent years, some exciting discoveries have been made in the research on objective biomarkers of SCH, mainly focusing on genetic susceptibility genes, metabolic indicators, immune indices, brain imaging, electrophysiological characteristics. This review aims to summarize the biomarkers that may be used for the prediction and diagnosis of SCH.
{2-(((2-aminoethyl)imino)methyl)-6-bromophenolato-κ3
N,N′,O}iron(III) nitrate, C18H20Br2FeN5O5
Authors: Yu Guojun , Yang Jiao , Yang Qiuling , Wu Qiong
Published: August 2022

C18H20Br2FeN5O5, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.4534(3) Å, b = 10.8106(3) Å, c = 16.0339(4) Å, β = 94.0450(10)°, V = 2153.25(10) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0276, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0644, T = 170.0 K.
Fundamental study of commercial polylactic acid and coconut fiber/polylactic acid filaments for 3D printing
Authors: Alaa Moustafa , Abdan Khalina , Hao Lee Ching , Al-Talib Ammar , Huzaifah Muhammad , Mazlan Norkhairunnisa
Published: August 2022

This study aims to provide an alternative fully green biodegradable 3D printing filament other than polylactic acid (PLA) with better properties and lower prices using a fully environmentally friendly process. Two filaments [polylactic acid (PLA) and polylactic acid/coconut fiber (PLA-CF)] to be purchased and used to prepare a similar samples under the same conditions which to undergo the same testing to obtain and compare their properties as well as for further comparison with other filaments. The samples are to be designed using SOLIDWORKS software according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)standards. The prepared designs are then to be converted to gcode using CURA software. FDM Creality 3D printer (Model: CR10S-PRO) to be used printing a set of specimens for each required test. The prepared samples then undergo several mechanical tests to specify their exact properties. PLA 3D filament roll had been purchased from Fabbxible Technology; Crystallized nature based NatureWorks made from corn starch. While Magma PLA-CF roll had been purchased from 3D Gadgets Malaysia. Both rolls had an average diameter of 1.75 mm and average length of 300 m.
Investigation on impact properties of different type of fibre form: hybrid hemp/glass and kenaf/glass composites
Authors: Muslim Mohamad Asrofi , Jumahat Aidah , Abdullah Shahrul Azam , Jaafar Mohd Azrul , Sapiai Napisah , Teng Loy Raymond Siew
Published: August 2022

Natural fibre reinforced polymer composites have high potentials to be used in a variety of applications due to its environmental friendly and biodegradability capabilities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of core fibre type, core thicknesses, and fibre configurations on the impact behaviour of hybrid natural fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. The samples were made of kenaf, hemp and glass mat fibers, and polyester used as matrix resin. These samples were fabricated using a combination of hand lay-up and vacuum bagging systems. The Instron Dynatup 8250 was used in accordance to ASTM D7136. The results showed that the highest impact properties were in hemp hybrid composites. For fibre arrangement, system (1/4/1) in which kenaf, hemp and glass mat were arranged in outer layer (as skin) resulted a higher energy absorbed compared to system (2/2/2) in which kenaf, hemp and glass mat were arranged in middle layer (as core). The impact properties increased with the increasing of core thickness. These findings are significant for possible applications of natural/synthetic fibre reinforced polymer hybrid composites in the fields of vehicles, biomedical, transportation and other specific application could have benefited for further study in hybrid composite material improvement.
Material selection and conceptual design in natural fibre composites
Authors: Maidin Nurul Ain , Sapuan Salit Mohd , Mohammad Taha Mastura , Zuhri Mohd Yusoff Mohamed
Published: August 2022

Material selection is the process of determining which material is best suited to meet the needs of a specific application. Mechanical characteristics, chemical properties, physical properties, electrical properties, and cost are all aspects that define the selection requirements. During the material selection process, these must be weighed. Materials selection is a process used by design engineers to choose the best materials for a specific component. To find the best composite materials, a materials selection system is used to find candidate materials from various composite materials that meet all of the material selection criteria, such as strength, stiffness, cost, and aesthetics. Similarly, a materials selection system will require candidate materials to contain several forms of NFC to identify the best appropriate NFC for a specific product. Materials selection for NFC goods is a relatively recent field of study. Because of the vast number of individual constituent materials in NFC, the work of selecting the best NFC for a specific product is regarded as challenging and time-intensive (Marques T, Esteves JL, Viana J, Loureiro N, Arteiro A. Design for sustainability with composite systems. In: 15th international conference on experimental mechanics (ICEM15); 2012:1–2 pp). Whereas conceptual design is a crucial activity in the design process in modern design, it is continually highlighted that improper conceptual design can lead to extensive rework and problems after the product is produced. According to (Pugh S. Total design: integrated methods for successful product engineering. Wokingham, England: Addison-Wesley Publishing; 1991), conceptual design activity is creating and assessing design solutions to meet the PDS. Because many design features are distinct in composites, and the tailor-made nature of composites has caused the design approach to be different, conceptual design with NFC is typically different from metals. Designing with NFC is similar to designing with a traditional composite product in terms of concept. This activity entails numerous processes, including creating a design brief, information collecting, market research, and product design specifications (PDS).