bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lymphoma Hodgkin and Auto Body Cell Transplantation Hematopoietic
Authors: BUZO Mariana Tavares , SILVA Joyce Beira Miranda da
Published: September 2016

Ao longo dos anos tem se estudado muito sobre o linfoma de Hodgkin ou doença de Hodgkin. A primeira descrição foi em 1832 por Sir Thomas Hodgkin, dai o nome da doença e em 1898 e 1902 por Carl Sternberg e Dorothy Reed que separadamente descreveram as células típicas encontradas. Atualmente a classificação empregada pela OMS (organização mundial de saúde) pode ser: Linfoma de Hodgkin com predominância linfocitária nodular (CHPLN), onde a analise imunofenotípica mostra positividade para CD20 e outros marcadores de célula B, e o Linfoma de Hodgkin clássico (LHC), que na maioria dos casos mostra positividade para CD30 e CD15 e negativos para marcadores de células B, o qual corresponde a 95% dos casos. Lembrando que esta é uma doença que se origina nos linfócitos por tanto acometem os linfonodos infiltrando a medula óssea e outros órgãos. Alguns exames como o hemograma, tomografia e Pet Scan auxiliam no direcionamento do diagnóstico, porém a confirmação se dá pela biópsia do linfonodo ou da medula óssea. Com a retirada do gânglio inteiro se faz a biopsia que consiste na confecção de lâmina que será corada com hematoxilina – eosina, em conjunto com a análise imuno-histoquímica. Os sintomas da doença incluem febre, sudorese noturna e intensa, perda de peso, aumento dos linfonodos periféricos dor em regiões comprometidas pela doença, após a ingestão de álcool e prurido.
A Contribuição da Psicologia no Atendimento Nutricional
Authors: PINTO Maria Cristina , UYEDA Mari
Published: September 2016

A problemática da pesquisa se pautou na investigação dos aspectos psicológicos envolvidos no atendimento nutricional, mais especificamente nos prováveis fatores psicológicos envolvidos no atendimento nutricional que devam ser reconhecidos pelo profissional; na reação do nutricionista diante dos aspectos psicológicos apresentados pelo paciente frente à alimentação; na avaliação do paciente durante o atendimento nutricional abordando a psicologia. Para atingir os objetivos foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas acerca dos conceitos envolvidos na temática principal, além da aplicação de um questionário para um grupo de nutricionistas a fim de levantar dados sobre a utilização dos conceitos da Psicologia durante os atendimentos.
Caracterização dos estudos sobre os cuidados de enfermagem com ulcera por pressão: revisão bibliográfica.
Authors: ALMEIDA Silvia Cristina Arnaut Marques de , RODRIGUES Camila Cristina
Published: September 2016

Segundo o National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP), as úlceras por pressão são definidas como “Áreas de necrose tissular, que tendem a se desenvolver quando o tecido mole é comprimido, entre uma proeminência óssea e uma superfície externa, por um longo período de tempo’’. OBJETIVO: Identificar os cuidados de enfermagem prescritos para pacientes em risco ou acometidos por ulcera de pressão. REFERENCIAL TEÓRICO: FERNANDES; (2009) cita que aqueles pacientes que apresentam uma maior instabilidade do quadro clínico, envolvendo risco para a falência de um ou mais sistemas, apresentam grande risco para úlcera de pressão. Metodologia: Revisão bibliográfica na base de dados Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde, utilizando os descritores: “Ulcera por pressão”, “Prevenção da ulcera por pressão”, “Enfermagem na prevenção da ulcera por pressão”, identificando artigos publicados entre 2009 e 2015, completos, em português, de acordo com os objetivos propostos. Os artigos selecionados foram tabelados, as medidas preconizadas por cada autor foram salientadas. RESULTADOS: Ao total 11 artigos foram selecionados de acordo com os critérios de inclusão, após leitura e analise 5 foram selecionados, por conterem indicações relevantes a respeito das medidas de prevenção da ulcera por pressão, correspondendo aos objetivos do estudo. Os 5 artigos selecionados foram tabulados e as medidas de prevenção preconizadas pelo respectivo autor foram salientadas para possibilitar a análise. O estudo identificou os cuidados de enfermagem mais frequentemente prescritos para a prevenção da UP segundo os autores selecionados. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: A atuação da equipe de enfermagem é de suma importância na prevenção da UPP. As ações preconizadas por este estudo são fáceis e viáveis. Espera-se que este estudo possa contribuir para a redução das taxas de UPP e promova qualidade e segurança no cuidado ao paciente hospitalizado.
Avaliação da Aceitabilidade da Merenda Escolar e de Hábitos Alimentares em Escolares de Duas Escolas da Rede Pública de Ensino no Município de Amparo, São Paulo
Authors: UYEDA Mari , PAVAM Karina Roberta
Published: September 2016

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a aceitabilidade da merenda escolar oferecida em duas escolas estaduais de ensino fundamental do município de Amparo, São Paulo. A aceitabilidade das refeições oferecidas que compunham o cardápio no dia da pesquisa foi avaliada utilizando a escala hedônica facial de cinco pontos, aplicada a uma amostra de 44 alunos, de ambos os sexos, da 4ª e 5ª série, com faixa etária de 9 a 11 anos. A aceitabilidade da merenda escolar avaliada foi relativamente alta. Sabe-se também que, a alimentação saudável é primordial para as crianças em idade escolar, pois ela é capaz de evitar déficits, carências e excessos nutricionais, além de melhorar o rendimento e aproveitamento escolar. Perante esta afirmação, aplicou-se a amostra representativa, um questionário ilustrado, com foco nos costumes e hábitos alimentares fora do período escolar, que revelou que, a maioria dos adolescentes consumia regularmente arroz e feijão nas refeições em casa (100%), carnes em geral (88,6%) e salada (84,09 %), sendo a salada de alface a de maior adesão (56,81 %) e realizam as refeições diante da televisão (63,63 %). A preferência alimentar dos alunos foi o chocolate (18,18 %) e, o alimento mais rejeitado por eles foi o brócolis (20,45 %). A grande maioria também revelou comer batata frita e tomar refrigerante vários dias na semana e comer frutas e verduras todos os dias.
The importance of education Food and nutrition in the prevention of obesity in school children
Authors: PONTES Amanda de Morais Ongarato , ROLIM Harvillyn Jhéssy Povinski , TAMASIA Gislene dos Anjos
Published: September 2016

A educação alimentar e nutricional tem por finalidade contribuir para a promoção e a proteção da saúde, através de uma alimentação adequada e saudável, desempenhando seu crescimento e desenvolvimento humano conforme as políticas públicas em alimentação e nutrição, contribuindo de maneira significativa no controle do avanço da prevalência das doenças crônico-degenerativas. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar por meio de publicações científicas a atuação da educação alimentar e nutricional, como forma de intervenção de ações e práticas que busquem como foco principal uma alimentação saudável dos escolares para o controle dos índices da obesidade infantil dentro do ambiente escolar. Através da análise dos artigos foi possível verificar melhor conhecimento em nutrição embora ainda haja pouca referência sobre sua estrutura teórico-metodológica. Entretanto, os estudos realizados indicam a necessidade de intervenções no estado nutricional dos escolares desde o inicio da infância para que não se tornem adultos obesos e com problemas de saúde precocemente.
Mesenchymal stem cells: definition, characteristics and main obtaining sources
Authors: JANZ Felipe de Lara
Published: September 2016

As células tronco despertam interesse por suas características biológicas peculiares que as tornam possíveis ferramentas clínicas em diversas áreas biomédicas. As células tronco mesenquimais, por sua vez, são consideradas células multipotentes adultas não hematopoiéticas com propriedade de autorrenovação e capacidade de diferenciação em tecidos mesenquimais. Estas células podem ser obtidas de diferentes fontes no organismo adulto. Este artigo de revisão tem como objetivo descrever os tipos de células tronco, sobretudo as mesenquimais, bem como as principais fontes de onde as mesmas podem ser obtidas.
A Contribuição da Psicopedagogia em Crianças com Discalculia
Authors: MASSARO Tania Cristina
Published: September 2016

No cotidiano dentro e fora da sala de aula é cada vez mais frequente a observação de dificuldades envolvendo números e todas as suas aplicações. Dessa maneira, faz-se indispensável um estudo detalhado dessa dificuldade, suas causas e consequências. Não se pode esquecer que esse transtorno no raciocínio lógico afeta as atividades escolares e extracurriculares, pois ele acarreta em dificuldades de interpretação de qualquer informação envolvendo números. Dentro da sala de aula causa desestímulo, baixa autoestima, insegurança e em casos mais graves, a evasão escolar. Assim, através da observação e discussão das características é de extrema importância o diagnóstico breve desse transtorno de aprendizagem para que atividades diferenciadas possam ser realizadas, possibilitando o aprendizado. Simultaneamente deverá ocorrer uma capacitação com o profissional da educação, dando-lhe conhecimento suficiente para trabalhar com esse indivíduo
Project VeSElkA: Vertical Stratification of Element Abundances in CP stars
Authors: Khalack V. , LeBlanc F.
Published: September 2016

A new research project on spectral analysis which aims to characterize the vertical stratification of element abundances in stellar atmospheres of chemically peculiar (CP) stars, is discussed in detail. Some results on detection of vertical abundance stratification in several slowly rotating main sequence CP stars are presented and considered as an indicator of the effectiveness of the atomic diffusion mechanism responsible for the observed peculiarities of chemical abundances. This study is carried out in the frame of Project VeSElkA (Vertical Stratification of Elements Abundance) for which 34 slowly rotating CP stars have been observed with the ESPaDOnS spectropolarimetre at CFHT.
Aplicação da Tabela Periódica em uma Turma Profissionalizante do Programa de Educação de Jovens e Adultos
Authors: Figueiredo Alessandra Marcone Tavares Alves de , Sales Flávia Rhuana Pereira , Silva Carlindo Maxshweel Querino da , Souza Niely Silva de
Published: September 2016

O presente estudo foi desenvolvido a partir da necessidade de tornar mais atrativo, motivador e facilitador o ensino de Química para jovens e adultos, tendo em vista que é nítido o desinteresse da maioria dos estudantes e, principalmente, deste tipo de público em aprender esta Ciência. Nesse sentido, para despertar uma maior empatia desta disciplina para com este alunado, foi proposta uma sequência de atividades que incluiu o uso de ferramentas metodológicas diversas, para o conteúdo “Tabela Periódica” (TP) com o intuito de atender as dificuldades dos discentes. A metodologia empregada baseou-se nas pesquisas qualitativa e participante. A aplicação foi realizada numa turma do 3º período de um curso profissionalizante do Programa Nacional de Integração da Educação Profissional com a Educação Básica na Modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (PROEJA), no período noturno, do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba (IFPB), câmpus João Pessoa. Partindo de uma perspectiva contextualizada, a experimentação foi uma das principais estratégias adotadas com a finalidade de favorecer o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, uma vez que se coadunou a teoria com a prática e, para isso, foram aplicados experimentos sucintos relacionados a vivência dos estudantes. Durante toda a aplicação, foi percebido a participação ativa e o envolvimento dos alunos, proporcionando um ambiente em que os mesmos compartilharam de seus conhecimentos prévios a respeito do conteúdo, em que construíram, conjuntamente, conceitos sobre o tema, contribuindo para uma aprendizagem significativa.
ONTOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE DATA PROTECTION FOR THEIR TRANSFER AND ARCHIVING
Authors:   Dorodnicyn Computing Centre, Federal Research Centre of Computer Science and Control RAS, Muromskii A. , Tuchkova N. ,   Dorodnicyn Computing Centre, Federal Research Centre of Computer Science and Control RAS
Published: September 2016

The text's transmission problem in the information systems is directly connected with development of the information compression algorithms, information management, transport task, and the contextual analysis of information for its targeted delivery. One of key questions is the unambiguous interpretation information transmitted. One of approaches to consideration of the problem of control of the text: the compression and transmission of information in the local information system for personnel managing and control of the private texts. Problems of compression of texts for their transfer on communication channels and archiving with saving the semantic contents are considered. For structurization of texts it is offered to use a method of the ontological analysis. Compression of texts is offered to be executed with application of the theory of chain fractions. The offered approach allows to execute compression of the text without loss and can be used as option of protection of texts at preservation and transfer.
TO THE ASSESSMENT OF TECHNICAL LEVEL COMPLEX TECHNICAL SYSTEMS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE WHOLE LIFE CYCLE
Authors:   Moscow State Technical University name N. E. Bauman, Voronov E. , Tsherbinin V. ,   The central scientific research institute of automatics and hydraulics, Semenov S. ,   The state research-and-production enterprise "Region"
Published: September 2016

In article the approach to an estimation of a technological level of modern complex technical systems with use of mathematical methods of the theory of decision-making and modern information technology taking into account all life cycle on an example of systems of prompting of operated aviation bombs is stated. Classification of problems of the theory of decision-making and methods of expert estimations of a technological level of systems of prompting is resulted. The basic stages of the decision of a problem of the comparative analysis of systems of prompting of operated aviation bombs for the chosen method multicriteria evaluation are shown. The organization of carrying out of an expert estimation of a technological level of complex technical systems by means of the developed information-analytical system is described. The structure and the maintenance of the estimated indicators, including set of the integrated and individual indicators possessing completeness of technical characteristics of investigated systems is offered. The presented method of the comparative analysis and choice on hierarchical system of integrated and individual indicators has universal character and is applicable for various subject domains of defensive and civil appointment. The method allows to reveal the most preferable variants of analyzed systems at early design stages taking into account all stages of life cycle.
STUDENTS DREAMS AS A CONSTITUENT OF THE DESIGN OF THE FUTURE
Authors:   Samara University named after academician S.P. Korolev, Kupriyanycheva E.
Published: September 2016

The article analyzes the results of sociological poll of students of the Samara University. The purpose of the survey was to study dreams of students, to identify the individual dreams, the collective image dreams of students. The article analyzes the results of sociological poll of students of the Samara National Research University. The purpose of the survey was to study dreams of students, to identify the individual dreams, the collective image dreams of students. The topic is relevant, because what is currently the dream students, many of them will be to make a reality after graduation. The results showed that most students dream to pursue their passions, to create a good family and to have the opportunity to travel the world. The value of wealth for Russian students is much lower than for American students. Prepared independently, without help realize their dreams, about 60% of the students, but are taking concrete steps in this direction (have the necessary will power, daily engaged in self-education and self-improvement) not more than 30% of the respondents/ The lifestyle that I dream to lead the students focused not on production, creativity, and consumption and entertainment. No student indicated that he wants to invent, to develop, to create a new product. To identify the prospects for the future of the country plays an important role image of Russia in the eyes of young people. For most respondents this controversial character: the indestructible warrior-defender, which, like Ilya Muromets, is dormant for the time and wakes up to defeat the aggressor and evil, creative, but not able to use the fruits of his work.
ANALYSIS OF SYSTEMS FOR TECHNOLOGICAL CHAINS AND PROCESSES DESIGNING
Authors:   Kvadrosystems Ltd, Agronik A. , Talalaev A. ,   Ailamazyan Program Systems Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Fralenko V. ,   Ailamazyan Program Systems Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Khachumov V. ,   Ailamazyan Program Systems Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Shishkin O. ,   Institute for Systems Analysis of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2016

The current state of the problem of synthesis of technological chains and processes of the computer-aided systems for technological processes designing was reviewed. Some publications on the results of modern research were analyzed; features of modern system’s program design were described. A classification of CAD for the technological processes of industrial and specific purpose was presented, taking into account new trends in medicine, as well as the classification methods, utilized in CAD. It is shown that the achieved level of modern theory does not allow us to create a universal synthesis technology that may be common to all subject areas. Prospects to solve the problem are associated with the construction of intelligent computer-aided design systems that implement the most common approach to synthesis, based on simulation and development activities, designed to support scientific, technical and technological solutions in the priority areas of science and technology. A general circuit of multilevel iterative synthesis process built on knowledge bases intended for storing precedents, select, configure, and options evaluating is presented. In case of absence of a suitable sample in the base, a direct synthesis of a new process is performed, using one of the possible formal approaches.
APPROACH TO CREATING SETS OF REFERENCE SPEECH COMMANDS USING ONTOLOGY
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Armer A. , Moshkin V. ,   Ulyanovsk State Technical University
Published: September 2016

This article describes the method of formation of speech commands reference library using ontology to increase their further recognition. The article presents the formal model of a subject OWL-ontology, used as a base of knowledge in the process of formation and expansion of the library of reference teams in the process of recognition of voice commands. An algorithm for retrieval of the list of synonyms of input speech commands, based on the subject of OWLontology is also described. The article describes the research methodology, as well as the results of experiments on the formation of variants of the reference library and selection of a library with the most recognizable commands using OWL-ontology of civil aircraft voice command control. In conclusion, the results of experiments demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach are presented.
CONVERTER FOR THE ONTOLOGIC KNOWLEDGE BASE OF MACHINE TOOLS AND PARTS OF MACHINE-BUILDING PRODUCTION PLANT INTO AN OBJECTIVE DATABASE BUIILT ON ANTLR
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Igrusha V. , Sosinskaya S. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: September 2016

The article is devoted to developing an automated converter for the knowledge base in the form of ontologies represented in one of the formats, acceptable for ontology editor OntoStudio (OWL or RDF), into an object-oriented database (OODB) db4o. The proposed approach is based on the ANTLR compiler (ANother Tool for Language Recognition). This approach is implemented for the first time. It reduces labor costs and applies the ANTLR software tool to other ontologies as the developed grammar ontology for the description language is independent from the subject area. Grammar contains not only lexical and syntactical rules to verify the text, but also the rules of action for the transformation of ontology elements into elements of isomorphic object database.
THE CONCEPT OF MULTI-ALTERNATIVE IN THE ANIMATE AND INANIMATE STRUCTURES
Authors:   Voronezh State Technical University, Podvalny S. , Vasiljev E. ,   Voronezh State Technical University
Published: September 2016

The paper concentrates on some mechanisms of evolution that forms the constructive-oriented approach to the existence and development process of both wildlife and inanimate nature. This approach, also known as multi-alternative concept, is taken as a basis for the discussion of some interrelated and complementary principles of the diversity, discreteness and hierarchy in evolutionary processes and structures. First of all, it is demonstrated, that the possibility of evolution depends mainly on the heterogeneity of matter forms that implicates the diversity of its acquired characteristics. It can also be shown that the specified diversity is essentially enabled with discreteness of elements, which constitutes the combinatorial manifold of patterns and modes in physical and biological systems. Special attention is given to the issue of correlation between process hierarchy and structures, on one side, and its stability and homeostasis on the other. Finally, there are some examples provided to demonstrate the application of the considered principles in solving different technological problems, such as development of high-reliable power systems for space stations or designing evolutionary algorithms for decision-making systems. It is shown that the evolutionary concept of community multi-alternative opens prospects for its practical appliance to application analysis and control of complex systems, both of natural and anthropogenic origin.
COGNITIVE PROBLEMS OF DESIGNING BASED ON COMPUTER MODELS: TECHNICAL AND SOCIO-HUMANITARIAN ASPECTS
Authors:   Kazan national research technical university named after A.N.Tupolev, Shalagin S. , Shalagina G. ,   Kazan national research technological university
Published: September 2016

Cognitive problems resulting from the implementation of the designing of complex systems based on computer models are considered, including cognitive barrier and aberration of cognitive process. The reasons of these problems are both technical and socio-humanitarian. In neoliberalist capitalism the importance of the financial sector has increased. Turnover of generations of technical equipment is caused by economic rather than technical science problems or human needs. Innovative economy generates discourse of human changes to create a consumer, commensurate with the pace of technological progress. Economies-driven pace of technical change corresponds neither to human-dimension nor the tempo of a happy life. Dynamizing of basis leads to a dynamizing of moral sphere leads to transitory ethics. The latency of cognitive problems of design is a consequence of the need to get an innovative product in a strict time frame. In the context of the rule of technicism in science and the inevitable adoption of the results of design activity to the life, design activity must be accompanied by a philosophical reflection.
Classroom Social Signal Analysis
Authors: Raca Mirko , Dillenbourg Pierre
Published: September 2016

We present our efforts towards building an observational system for measuring classroom activity. The goal is to explore visual cues which can be acquired with a system of video-cameras and automatically processed to enrich the teachers' perception of their audience. The paper will give a brief overview of our methodology, explored features and current findings.
Goffman’s front stage and backstage behaviors in online education
Authors: Gilmore Dawn Marie
Published: September 2016

This research applies Goffman’s Presentation of Self in Everyday Life to analyze online and offline student participation in two online subjects. Mixed-methods will be used to produce a fuller account of students’ experiences.
Learning Analytics for Communities of Inquiry
Authors: Kovanovic Vitomir , Gasevic Dragan , Hatala Marek
Published: September 2016

This paper describes a doctoral research that focuses on the development of a learning analytics framework for inquiry-based digital learning. This research builds on the the Community of Inquiry model (CoI) as a foundation commonly used in research and practice of digital learning and teaching. Specifically, the main contributions of this research are: i) the development of a novel text classification algorithm for (semi)automated message classification which enables for easier adoption of the CoI model, ii) understanding of the relationships between different socio-technological interactions and the dimensions of the CoI model.
A Longitudinal Study on Learner Career Advancement in MOOCs
Authors: Wang Yuan , Paquette Luc , Baker Ryan
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we present progress towards a longitudinal study of the post-course career advancement of MOOC learners. We present initial results and analysis plans for how to link this to in-course behavior, towards better understanding the goals of all MOOC learners.
Engagement vs Performance: Using Electronic Portfolios to Predict First Semester Engineering Student Persistence
Authors: Aguiar Everaldo , Ambrose G. Alex Ambrose , Chawla Nitesh V. , Goodrich Victoria , Brockman Jay
Published: September 2016

As providers of higher education begin to harness the power of big data analytics, one very fitting application for these new techniques is that of predicting student attrition. The ability to pinpoint students who might soon decide to drop out, or who may be following a suboptimal path to success, allows those in charge to not only understand the causes for this undesired outcome, but it also provides room for the development of early intervention systems. While making such inferences based on academic performance data alone is certainly possible, we claim that in many cases there is no substantial correlation between how well a student performs and his or her decision to withdraw. This is especially true when the overall set of students has a relatively similar academic performance. To address this issue, we derive measurements of engagement from students' electronic portfolios and show how these features can be effectively used to augment the quality of predictions.
Anti-hypoxia effects of the ethanol extract of Oxytropis ochrocephala
Authors: Zhang Dejun , Lei Jiang , Hong Eun Kyung , Lu Dianxiang , Yuan Wangtao , Yang Zhanting , Ming Chen
Published: September 2016

Oxytropis ochrocephala is one of the most extensively used herbs in traditional Tibetan folk medicine to clear heat through detumescence, strengthen the body, and improve immune system. However, research studies examining its medicinal value are limited. By conducting experiments using animal models (mice) in airtight space at ambient and reduced pressure, as well as sodium nitrite exposure, the anti-hypoxia effects of the ethanol extract of O. ochrocephala (EEOO) were investigated in the present study. EEOO was administered to three groups of mice for 7 days; 1.5 g/kg for the high-dosage group (EHD), 1.0 g/kg for the medium-dosage group (EMD) and 0.5 g/kg for the low-dosage group (ELD). Hypoxia was induced in mice by placing the animals in an airtight space at reduced pressure, and sodium nitrite poisoning was conducted for 1 hour after the last intragastric administration. The levels of glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the myocardium and cerebral tissues were determined by the colorimetric method. Protein expression of BAX and BCL-2 was detected by ELISA. A high lethal dose (LD50) of 3,000 mg/kg was obtained in acute toxicity. Mice in the blank control group survived longer than those in the EHD group under hypoxic conditions. All biochemical criteria were significantly enhanced (P is less than 0.05). EEOO increased the tolerance of mice to hypoxia, which is indicative of its anti-hypoxia effects. The major components are 5,7-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-hydroxy-2-phenyl, 5,7-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-2-phenyl-4-benzo pyrone-3-O-b-galacto pyranoside.
Compost effects on leaf area index and seed production enhancement in an important arid land leguminous tree Acacia tortilis subsp. Raddiana
Authors: Elfeel A. A. , Abohassan R. A.
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to investigate the effects of compost addition on leaf area index (LAI), diameter growth and enhancement of seed production and quality in Acacia tortilis established under supplementary drip irrigation. Three composted fertilizer doses (2.5 kg, 5 kg and 7.5 kg/ tree) were compared to NPK (18-18-5 at a rate of 250 gram per tree) and control unfertilized plots. Effects of compost application on leaf area index (LAI), diameter growth, relative monthly diameter increment (RMDI) were monitored during two consecutive years (2014 and 2015). Then the impacts on pods and seeds production, seed weight, seed number per kg, seed quality (NPK and protein), germination per cent and mean germination time (MGT) were determined. Addition of fertilizers produced high effects on LAI. In 2014 NPK resulted in highest LAI values in most measurements, alternatively the status was changed in 2015 where, higher doses of compost produced higher LAI values. LAI results exhibited temporal variability that was associated with the seasonal variation of the year. The results demonstrate higher RMDI and diameter growth under NPK and compost at rate of 7.5 kg/tree treatments. Pods production was higher in plots treated with higher doses of compost. However, seed/husk ratio was higher in NPK plots. There is observed association between fruit and seed production with LAI. NPK and protein contents in seeds, were also, influenced by the presence of organic fertilizers. Cumulative germination and MGT were correlated with seed weight and were higher in plots treated with compost. The results highlight the importance of organic fertilizers under dry land conditions that produced higher LAI and growth which enhanced seed production and quality.
Evaluation of Turkish grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) collections for it agronomic characters with a special reference to ODAP content
Authors: Basaran Ugur , Mut Hanife , Gulumser Erdem , Dogrusoz Medine Copur
Published: September 2016

Fifty-two grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) genotypes were investigated in terms of agronomic performance, protein and ODAP (b-N-oxalyl-l-diamino-propionic acid) content under semi-arid conditions of Inner Anatolia during 2013 and 2014. High variation was observed among genotypes, especially for seed yield and ODAP content. Seed yield ranged from 1142.4 kg/ha up to 2046.4 kg/ha with a mean of 1521.1 kg/ha, ODAP content in seed varied from 2.62 mg/g up to 5.59 mg/g with an average of 3.85 mg per g and seed protein ratio was between 26.77% and 30.20% over the genotypes and years. A significant and negative correlation of ODAP was noted with seed yield (r = -0.38). This association is very encouraging for breeders to improve new varieties having high seed yield and low ODAP content. The results from this study indicated that ten grass pea genotypes consisting two ICARDA lines and eight landraces from Turkey recorded superior with low ODAP content and and high seed yield (changed between 1680.9 kg/ha and 2046.4 kg/ha). So, these may be potential candidates for new varieties
Genetic base of Indian chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varietiesrevealed by pedigree analysis
Authors: Srivastava A. K. , Chaturvedi S. K. , Singh N. P.
Published: September 2016

In the present study an attempt has been made to determine the genetic base of 138 Indian chickpea varieties through pedigree analysis. The genetic base of 138 varieties can be traced to 160 ancestors utilised to bring genes in development of varieties. Among these, 118 ancestors were used only once or twice. The most frequently used parent included Rabat (37), Pb 7 (36), IP 58 (32), C 1234 (32) and S 26 (27). Rabat and Pb7 are present in the pedigree of more than 26% of varieties followed by C 1234 (23.29%), IP 58 (23.29%) and S 26 (19.57%). Most of the frequently used parents have been used indirectly in the crossing programme. Only 28 parents could represent 50% of total genetic base of chickpea varieties developed in the country. Although conscious efforts have been made to include diverse parents in the chickpea breeding leading to broad genetic base of the varieties yet a huge arsenal of germplasm lines remains unutilised or not resulted in varieties. There is a need to utilise the germplasm resources as well as modern techniques of breeding to incorporate multiple biotic and abiotic stress resistance for yield improvement and stabilization as well as improvement in market driven traits like extra-large seed sized kabuli lines. The present article describes the results of pedigree analyses to determine the genetic base of the released cultivars, reasons for narrow genetic base and possible approaches and strategies for its widening in chickpea.
Bracy Clark's 3D Horse Hoof Model
Authors: Boulton Clare
Published: September 2016

During the recent reordering of the RCVS headquarters a 6 inch square box was found containing a cardboard model and a folded piece of paper.  Further investigation revealed it was something rather exciting – the pasteboard model of a horse’s hoof.

Colleagues at the Royal Veterinary College kindly produced a 3D model of the Hoof, which you can view in the interactive video below. You can also read more about Bracy Clark's model hoof on our Blog.

Bracy Clark hoof model c1820 by rcvsknowledge on Sketchfab

 
Coping With Moral Stress in the Swedish Public Services
Authors: Thunman Elin
Published: September 2016

This paper examines how today’s public workers cope with moral stress in organizations where new public management reforms have been implemented. More specifically, the interest is focused on examining which practices are developed in order to fulfill professional standards within the limits of inadequate resources in order to manage moral stress. Case studies at Swedish public work places are analyzed with the help of Lipsky’s theory about street-level bureaucrats’ coping behavior and theories about the elements of resistance in coping. The main result is the discernment of three dominant modificational strategies to manage stressful moral dilemmas in encounters with clients. The paper contributes to the understanding of coping with moral stress by highlighting that the detected coping forms among a varied group of public professionals imply an active adaption, reification, and opposition to the managerial reforms.
Klasifikasi Ilmu Pengetahuan Dalam Perspektif Jabir Bin Hayyan
Authors: Musadad Asep N.
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe central purpose of this article is to provide a preliminary exploration on epistemological background of the classical Islamic sciences through the investigation on the classification of knowledge. One of the earliest exponent to turn to this problem is Jabir bin Hayyan (Geber) (721 - 815 M.), who is known as the Father of Arabic and – indirectly – Latin Alchemy. Start on describing Jabir’s profile and his significance in Islamic philosophy, this article discusses the classification of knowledge according to him in his book “Kitab al-Hudud” (Book of Limits), in which he make his own classification of various knowledge in his perspective. It also finally deals with the philosophical basis of the classification and the intellectual perspective of its author.        Keywords: Jabir bin Hayyan, Classification of Knowledge, Islamic Philosophy and Natural Sciences  AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk melakukan eksplorasi singkat terkait latar epistemologis dalam pengetahuan Islam klasik melalui analisis terhadap konsep klasifikasi ilmu pengetahuan. Salah satu eksponen awal yang berbicara hal tersebut adalah Jabir bin Hayyan (Geber) (721 - 815 M), yang dikenal sebagai bapak ilmu kimia Arab dan – secara tidak langsung – Eropa-Latin. Diawali dengan penjelasan tentang signifikansi Jabir bin Hayyan dalam wacana filsafat Islam, artikel ini mendiskusikan klasifikasi ilmu pengetahuan dalam perspektifnya yang terdapat dalam kitab “Kitab al-Hudud” (Buku tentang Batas-Batas), di mana ia membuat klasifikasi versinya sendiri dari berbagai macam ilmu pengetahuan dalam perspektinya sendiri. Pada akhirnya, tulisan ini juga akan menjelaskan basis filsafat dari klasifikasi tersebut dan perspektif intelektual pembuatnya.  Kata Kunci: Jabir bin Hayyan, Klasifikasi Pengetahuan, Filsafat Islam, dan Natural Sciences (Ilmu-Ilmu Alam)
Penggunaan Netting House dan Mulsa Plastik untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Cabai Merah
Authors: Gunadi Nikardi , Sulastrini Ineu
Published: September 2016

Dalam rangka mengatasi terjadinya fluktuasi produksi cabai merah sepanjang tahun di Indonesia, maka perlu dicoba salah satu teknik produksi cabai merah yaitu menggunakan netting house. Percobaan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan netting house dan mulsa plastik untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil cabai merah dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang (1250 m dpl.), Jawa Barat dari Bulan April sampai November 2011. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah petak terpisah, sebagai petak utama ialah dua teknik produksi cabai merah (netting house dan di lahan terbuka), sedangkan anak petak ialah kombinasi varietas cabai merah dan penggunaan mulsa plastik hitam perak. Varietas cabai merah besar yang digunakan yaitu Tanjung-2, Wibawa, dan Hot Beauty, sedangkan perlakuan penggunaan mulsa plastik hitam perak terdiri dari penggunaan mulsa plastik dan tanpa mulsa plastik. Setiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Pengamatan meliputi pertumbuhan tanaman, komponen hasil, dan hasil tanaman, serta jumlah buah yang terserang hama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman cabai merah yang ditanam di bawah naungan (netting house) lebih tinggi dan mempunyai kanopi yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan tanaman cabai merah yang ditanam di lahan terbuka (open field). Penggunaan naungan juga dapat mengurangi jumlah buah yang terserang hama ulat buah dan lalat buah. Tanggap varietas Wibawa terhadap penggunaan naungan (netting house) lebih baik daripada varietas Tanjung-2 dan Hot Beauty yang ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan bobot buah dan jumlah buah melebihi peningkatan bobot buah dan jumlah buah pada varietas Tanjung-2 dan Hot Beauty baik yang menggunakan mulsa plastik maupun yang tidak menggunakan mulsa plastik. Varietas Wibawa dan Hot Beauty yang ditanam di dalam netting house dapat ditanam tanpa menggunakan mulsa plastik, namun varietas Tanjung-2 yang ditanam baik di dalam netting house maupun yang ditanam di lahan terbuka (open field) sebaiknya ditanam menggunakan mulsa plastik. Teknik produksi cabai merah menggunakan netting house dapat direkomendasikan sebagai salah satu alternatif dalam rangka mengurangi fluktuasi produksi cabai merah di Indonesia.
Produksi Umbi Mini Kentang Secara Aeroponik Melalui Penentuan Dosis Optimum Pupuk Daun Nitrogen
Authors: Dianawati Meksy , Ilyas Satrias , Wattimena G A , Susila A D
Published: September 2016

Persentase stolon menjadi umbi pada produksi umbi mini kentang secara aeroponik diperkirakan hanya 5–10%, sehingga masih terdapat peluang untuk meningkatkan produksi umbi mini dengan melakukan induksi pengumbian. Penelitian bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produksi umbi mini kentang melalui peningkatan induksi pengumbian dengan berbagai dosis pupuk daun nitrogen. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Rumah Plastik di Lembang, Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat mulai Bulan Desember 2010 sampai dengan Juli 2011. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan satu faktor dosis pupuk daun nitrogen yaitu 0, 500, 1000, 2000, dan 4000 ppm N dengan enam ulangan. Pupuk nitrogen yang digunakan ialah Ca(NO3)2 yang diaplikasikan 1, 2, 3, dan 4 minggu setelah tanam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk daun nitrogen Ca(NO3)2 dapat meningkatkan produksi umbi mini kentang melalui peningkatan bobot umbi per tanaman sebesar 17%, tetapi belum dapat meningkatkan induksi pengumbian tanaman kentang pada sistem aeroponik. Dosis optimum pupuk daun nitrogen Ca(NO3)2 untuk bobot umbi per tanaman maksimum ialah 2173 ppm. Peningkatan bobot umbi mini per tanaman pada sistem aeroponik dapat memberikan manfaat sebagai sumber benih.
Perilaku Memanggil Ngengat Betina dan Evaluasi Respons Ngengat Jantan terhadap Ekstrak Kelenjar Feromon Seks pada Tanaman Cabai Merah
Authors: Hasyim Ashol , Setiawati Wiwin , Murtiningsih Rini
Published: September 2016

Helicoverpa armigera merupakan hama penggerek buah pada tanaman cabai merah di Indonesia. Kehilangan hasil  akibat serangan H. armigera dapat mencapai 60%. Pengendalian yang umum dilakukan ialah menggunakan insektisida secara intensif, yang dapat menimbulkan berbagai dampak negatif. Feromon seks merupakan salah satu alternatif cara yang dapat digunakan untuk memonitor dan mengendalikan H. armigera. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku kawin ngengat betina H. armigera dan untuk mengevaluasi respons ngengat jantan terhadap feromon seks dari kelenjar ngengat betina dara H. armigera  pada tanaman cabai merah. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran dan di lahan petani di Desa Pabedilan Kaler, Kecamatan Pabedilan, Kabupaten Cirebon dari Bulan April 2009 sampai dengan Maret 2010. Penelitian dilakukan pada tiga tahap kegiatan yaitu : (1) perilaku memanggil betina dara dilakukan dengan cara memasukkan 20 ekor betina dara ke dalam vial plastik (10 ml) dan diberi makan larutan sukrosa 10%. Perilaku memanggil diamati setiap jam sepanjang malam, dimulai dari saat periode gelap mulai pukul 18.00 – 06.00, perlakuan diulang tiga kali, (2) untuk mengetahui respons ngengat jantan terhadap feromon seks dilakukan menggunakan tabung olfaktometer. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok terdiri atas lima perlakuan dan diulang lima kali, dan (3) evaluasi feromon seks  dilakukan di lahan petani di Kabupaten Cirebon. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok terdiri atas enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku memanggil betina dara H. armigera mulai umur 1 hari mencapai maksimum pada hari ketiga pada periode 7 sampai 8 jam setelah scotophase. Respons ngengat jantan tertinggi terhadap feromon seks diperoleh dari ekstrak kelenjar feromon asal betina dara umur 4 hari sebesar 20,33% dan berbeda nyata bila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya kecuali dengan betina dara umur 2 dan 3 hari. Kerusakan buah cabai terendah dan berbeda nyata diperoleh dari perlakuan feromonoid seks + insektisida (9,25%) diikuti  feromon seks + insektisida (16,13%), dan insektisida (13,55%). Kerusakan buah cabai tertinggi (49,29%) diperoleh pada  perlakuan kontrol. Kombinasi antara penggunaan feromon dengan insektisida mampu menekan kehilangan hasil buah cabai merah akibat serangan H. armigera sebesar 61,10 – 62,18 % bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Feromon seks merupakan senyawa kimia yang efektif untuk memonitor dan mengendalikan populasi H. armigera pada tanaman cabai di lapangan.
Uji Stabilitas Lima Genotip Pepaya di Tiga Lokasi
Authors: Sunyoto Sunyoto , Budiyanti Tri , Noflindawati Noflindawati , Fatria Dewi
Published: September 2016

Pengujian interaksi antara genotip dengan lingkungan (GxE) serta analisis stabilitas hasil suatu genotip merupakan tahap penting dalam program pemuliaan tanaman untuk mendapatkan calon varietas unggul baru. Penelitian bertujuan menguji stabilitas dan adaptasi empat genotip pepaya dan satu pembanding. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga lokasi yaitu, KP. Sumani, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika, Lubuk Alung, Sumatera Barat, dan KP. Subang, Jawa Barat, mulai Bulan Maret sampai Desember 2010 menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok. Perlakuan terdiri atas lima genotip pepaya, yaitu Merah Delima, BT-2, Carmina, Carmida, dan California dengan enam ulangan. Peubah yang diamati ialah persentase tanaman sempurna dan betina, tinggi bunga pertama, ruas letak bunga pertama, tinggi buah pertama, bobot buah, jumlah buah/pohon, produksi buah/pohon, dan padatan terlarut total (PTT) (oBrix). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase tanaman berbunga sempurna dan berbunga betina pada genotip Merah Delima, BT-2, Carmina, dan Carmida mempunyai nilai koefisien regresi (βi)<1, berarti tahan terhadap perubahan lingkungan. Pengujian terhadap tinggi bunga pertama dan ruas letak bunga pertama memperlihatkan bahwa BT-2 dan California mempunyai koefisien regresi (βi)<1 (tidak responsif terhadap perubahan lingkungan). Interaksi varietas (genotip) dengan lokasi (lingkungan) terjadi pada karakter persentase tanaman berbunga sempurna, persentase tanaman berbunga betina, ruas letak bunga pertama, tinggi bunga pertama, bobot buah, produksi/pohon, dan PTT. Produksi buah/pohon Merah Delima dan Carmida mempunyai nilai koefisien regresi (βi) = 1 dan genotip memiliki rerata hasil di atas rerata umum yang berarti genotip tersebut beradaptasi baik terhadap semua lingkungan. Kedua genotip tersebut sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan di beberapa lingkungan karena beradaptasi baik pada tiga kondisi lingkungan dengan hasil di atas rerata. Oleh karena itu dapat direkomendasikan menjadi VUB yang dapat dikembangkan di lahan petani.
Studi Penyiapan Akar Berkualitas untuk Uji Kromosom dan Penggandaan Kromosom Planlet Hasil Kultur Anter Anthurium
Authors: Winarto Budi
Published: September 2016

Pengakaran berkualitas yang sesuai untuk uji kromosom dan penggandaan kromosom merupakan masalah kritikal dalam pengembangan teknologi kultur anter Anthurium. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) pengaruh media dan arang aktif dalam mempersiapkan akar berkualitas yang sesuai untuk uji kromosom dan (2) pengaruh konsentrasi dan waktu aplikasi kolkisin terhadap keberhasilan penggandaan kromosom. Studi penyiapan akar berualitas dan penggandaan kromosom planlet hasil kultur anter Anthurium telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan dan Rumah Kaca, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias Segunung dari Bulan Februari sampai September 2009. Pembentukan akar berkualitas yang sesuai untuk uji kromosom dipengaruhi oleh media pengakaran dan penambahan arang aktif. MP-7 [medium Winarto-Teixeira (WT) tanpa hormon yang ditambah 1% arang aktif] merupakan medium induksi pembentukan jumlah dan kualitas akar terbaik dengan 4,5 akar per tunas dan 83% nya ialah akar yang sesuai untuk uji kromosom. MPH-1 [Murashige dan Skoog (MS) yang ditambah 0,2 mg/l N6-benzylaminopurin (BAP) dan 0,02 mg/l asam asetat naftalen (NAA)] merupakan medium pengakaran tunas haploid yang sesuai untuk induksi pembentukan akar hingga 2,5 akar per tunas. Konsentrasi kolkisin 0,25% dengan 7 hari waktu aplikasi dan 0,05% dengan 10 hari periode aplikasi merupakan perlakuan yang sesuai untuk mendapatkan tanaman haploid ganda dengan persentase yang tinggi yaitu 80 dan 76,5% secara berurutan. Ini berarti 19–20 tanaman haploid ganda diperoleh dengan perlakuan tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini sangat bermanfaat terutama dalam mempersiapkan akar berkualitas yang sesuai untuk uji kromosom dan mendapatkan tanaman haploid ganda yang optimal melalui perlakuan kolkisin. 