bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relike të hershme të monumenteve të fjalës në luginën e Shkumbinit
Authors: Karriqi Skënder
Published: October 2021

Teksa mediton mbi variante të tilla, ku brenda rrëfimit në prozë ka prani vargjesh, të cilat edhe ato bëhen objekt i rrëfimit për shkak të natyrës së veçantë të organizimit të fjalës, një mendje të thotë se sot ato s’janë gjë tjetër, veçse variantet e dekonstruktuara të varianteve historike në vargje. Ashtu siç ka ndodhur me monumentet e gurit: qytetet antike, kalatë, urat, etj., një pjesë e mirë e të cilave janë kthyer në rrënoja, veç nyjave strukturore të tyre: harqeve, kolonave, arkitrarëve etj., ashtu ka ndodhur edhe me këto monumente të fjalës përgjatë historisë, vargjet janë shpërbërë. Me sa duket, për arsye të ndryshme historike, mekanizmat e transmetimit nga brezi në brez nuk kanë mirëfunksionuar. Për pasojë monumentet e fjalës në vargje, kanë mbërritur te brezat pasardhës thjeshtë në statusin e një informacioni në prozë për një ngjarje, të cilën ata vazhduan ta rrëfejnë siç e morën; në prozë. Ashtu sikurse monumentet e gurit janë rezistente pikërisht në nyjet strukturore, edhe këto relike të monumenteve të hershme të fjalës janë rezistente në nyje të tilla; në pika kulmore të subjektit apo në kthesa të rëndësishme të tij. Pikërisht për këtë arsye këto nyje vazhdojnë të mbeten në vargje, për më tepër duke u shenjuar si një mënyrë e veçantë e rrëfimit të ngjarjes apo historisë në momente të rëndësishme të saj.
Armët e Greqisë dhe fqinjëve të saj ballkanikë, në periudhën osmane
Authors: Elgood Robert
Published: October 2021

Materiali është marrë nga kap. XV i librit “Armët e Greqisë dhe fqinjëve të saj ballkanikë, në periudhën osmane”, me titull në origjinal “THE ARMS OF GRECE AND HER BALKAN NEIGHBORS IN THE OTTOMAN PERIOD”. Ky përkthim vjen në revistën tonë me lejen e autorit Dr. Robert Elgood dhe të financuesve të botimit vëllezërit Yiannis dhe Vassilis Stephanis.
Edith Durham Shqipëria-Elbasani
Authors: Ceka Hyjni
Published: October 2021

Bota intelektuale përgatitet që të përkujtojë në fund të këtij viti dy çaste në shenjë të Mis Edith Durhamit, atë të lindjes dhe të shuarjes së saj. Ajo lindi më 8 dhjetor 1863 dhe vdiq një treçerek shekulli më parë, më 15 nëntor 1944.

Atë Shqipëria e nderoi për gjithë sa rrojti dhe u mbajt gjallë, por dhe u kujtua gjithë motit, se i pat bërë vend vetes me librat që ia kushtoi Atdheut tonë. Sa për ne, ne nuk lahemi me Edith Durhamin. Ajo është e para që Elbasanin ia paraqiti Evropës së kulturuar në veprën “Brenga e Ballkanit”.

Në pjesën “Vendi i Shqiponjës”, i gjithë kreu i shtatë, na jep një pasqyrë të gjallë për Elbasanin në fillim të këtij shekulli, por ai kapitull mbetet i vetmi dokument autentik nga mund të nisë historia e qytetit tonë, në vitet e Rilindjes Kombëtare.

Me atë dashuri që flet për gjithë shqiptarët, po ashtu do të shkruajë edhe për gjyshërit tanë.
Automobilat e parë në Shqipëri në fillim të shek.XX
Authors: Hysa Roald
Published: October 2021

Transportet dhe komunikimi në erën e re të shek. XX në të cilën hyri Shqipëria nuk ishin aq të zhvilluara, për shkak edhe të një infrastrukture të varfër dhe të pazhvilluar në drejtimin e duhur. Telegrafi ishte i vetmi mjet komunikimi ndërmjet qyteteve shqiptare, pjesërisht linja hekurudhore lidhte Shkupin me Manastirin, me Selanikun e më tej me Stambollin. Sistemi rrugor ekzistues normalisht që nuk mund t’i përgjigjej mjeteve të reja të transportit të automobilave, të cilët kërkonin kushte të veçanta, pra rrugë me asfalt. Një pjesë e këtij sistemi kishte nisur të ndërtohej pas fillimit të Luftës së Parë Botërore nga fuqitë e ndryshme që zaptuan trojet shqiptare, ku italianët dhe austrohungarezët kishin synime qëndrimi aftatgjata në Shqipëri dhe për pasojë për nevojat e ngutshme ushtarake nisën investimet në rrugët, dhe austrohungarezët edhe në dekovilet për të pasur një lëvizje të shpejtë të trupave dhe të materialit ushtarak; rrjeti i dekovileve më pas do të prishej me tërheqjen e austriakëve. Rrugë të reja u hapën gjatë Luftës së Madhe vetëm se nuk e mbulonin të gjithë territorin, ndërkohë që për Shqipërinë problemi më i madh atë kohë e deri më 30 korrik 1926, ka qenë rregullimi përfundimtar i kufijve me fqinjët, datë kur do të nënshkruhej akti final i caktimit të kufijve të Shqipërisë në Paris në Konferencën e Ambasadorëve me praninë e ambasadorëve të Britanisë së Madhe, Francës, Italisë dhe të Japonisë dhe prej delegatëve të Shqipërisë, Greqisë e Jugosllavisë1. Ky dokument ishte i një vlere jetike për Shqipërinë, duke shmangur mosmarrëveshjet e mëtejshme kufitare dhe duke rritur stabilitetin e vendit në rajon.
Dukuri gjuhësore të shqipes dhe ndriçimi shpirtëror i kombit shqiptar në tekste shkollore të fillimshekullit XX
Authors: Kryeziu (Shkreta) Jorina
Published: October 2021

Në këtë trajtesë do të ndalemi te dy vëllimet e Krestomaci [2]-së (Hristomathi- së), të përdorura si tekste mësimore për shkollat shqipe – e bërë e ditur kjo në nëntitujt përkatës: HRISTOMATHI: gjërra të ndryshme e të vëgjejtura për këndim edhe për dobi të mësonjëtorevet shqipe... (vëll. I) dhe HRISTOMATHI: gjërra të ndryshme e të vëjejtura për këndim ndë mësonjëtoret shqipe... (vëll. II)
Kolegjet arsimore arbëreshe
Authors: Tare Denisa
Published: October 2021

Fillimi i shekullit XX, shënon një rritje të veprimtarisë kombëtare të italo- shqiptarëve. Në këto lëvizje dhanë kontributin e tyre kolonitë arbëreshe në rajone të ndryshme si në Siçili, Napoli, Kalabri etj.1 Mjaft njerëz të kulturuar, studiues dhe lëvrues të gjuhës shqipe, të cilët me veprat e tyre letrare i kanë dhënë popullit arbëresh ushqim mendor dhe shpirtëror. Midis shkrimtarëve shqiptarë, nuk kanë munguar dhe përpjekjet për të hapur shkolla në arsimin shqip, me qëlllim që të ruajnë gjuhën, zakonet, doket e të parëve.2 Lëvizja kombëtare letraro-kulturore dhe arsimore e arbëreshëve, do të ndihmonte njëkohësisht në forcimin e kauzës kombëtare. Të shqetësuar për të ardhmen e vendit dhe pjesëmarrës aktivë në lëvizjet për autonomi dhe pavarësi të Shqipërisë, ishin shkrimtarët e shquar arbëreshë njëkohësisht dhe burra shteti si: Françesko Krispi (Francesco Crispi). Kontributi i atdhetarëve arbëreshë dhe lufta e tyre në mbrojte të çështjes shqiptare, u shpreh përmes veprimtarisë letrare, shtypit, protestave dhe memorandumeve. Arbëreshët e Italisë luajtën një rol të rëndësishëm në zhvillimin e arsimit, hapjen e shkollave shqipe dhe lëvrimin e gjuhës së tyre amtare. Zhvillimi arsimor është i lidhur gjithmonë me luftën e tyre për t’u afirmuar si etnitet kulturor dhe për t’i bërë ballë asimilimit nga kultura italiane që i rrethon. Arbëreshët e Italisë kanë tradita të mira në historinë e arsimit kombëtar, të shkollës shqipe, të mendimit pedagogjik shqiptar.3
Sa pak i njohim, sa shumë na dhanë
Authors: Biza Fetah
Published: October 2021

Duke marrë shkas nga festimet e 100 vjetorit të lëvizjes artistike-teatrore në Elbasan, bëmë një retrospektivë për të vlerësuar dhe risjellë në memorien e qytetit të gjithë ata emra që e ngritën lart nivelin artistik të Elbasanit. Njëri prej tyre është Mustafa Curri, për të cilin pak flitet, pak dihet e pak evidentohet.
Shuarja e zërit të një komuniteti diskursiv si dramë sociale
Authors: Plangarica Tomorr
Published: October 2021

Vjen një kohë kur plagët sociale të bartura e përvijuara si drama individësh a të grupeve të individëve të caktuar fillojnë e shërohen si pasojë e përkujdesjes së shoqërisë, empatisë dhe respektit ndaj vuajtjeve të të dënuarve padrejtësisht dhe, në këtë mënyrë, shoqëria duket se lehtësohet disi nga ajo ngarkesë që pati sëmurur organizmin social.

Por plagët sociale janë bartëse e dëshmi edhe të një dëmi tjetër, disi më i padukshëm, por po aq i pranishëm sa edhe dramat individuale ; është fjala për një dëm social që shkaktohet nga persekutimi i individëve a grupeve të individëve, kur ato përfaqësojnë komunitete kontribuesish në zhvillimet sociale, institucione që formësohen si të tilla për të përmbushur misione sociale, për të kontribuar në trajektoren e zhvillimeve intelektuale, kulturore në një kohë e hapësirë të caktuar.
Regjistri i Trikallës i vitit 1455 dhe të dhëna për historinë shqiptare dhe shqiptarët
Authors: Nurja Ermal
Published: October 2021

Në vitin 1455 sulltan Mehmeti i II, duhet të ketë urdhëruar një regjistrim të timareve në gjithë Perandorinë Osmane. Nuk ka mbërritur asnjë shkresë e kohës që vërteton urdhrin e sulltanit, por fakti që një numër i madh regjistrash që kanë mbërritur në ditët e sotme mbajnë këtë datë, pra vitin 1455, vërteton që sekretaria e timareve të ketë hartuar një regjistrim të tillë. Regjistra të tillë kanë mbërritur për Rumelinë edhe për Anadollin.

Regjistrimi në vitin 1455 ka edhe një logjikë të re. Tashmë në duart e osmanëve kishte rënë Kostandinopoja, për marrjen e së cilës ishin mobilizuar të gjitha forcat ushtarake; tashmë perandoria do të kishte një kryeqytet të ri, prandaj regjistrimi do të hidhte dritë mbi statistikën e fundit të perandorisë.

Një nga regjistrat e vitit 1455 është edhe regjistri i sanxhakut të Trikallës (Tırhala sancağı). Regjistri ruhet në Arkivin Osman në Stamboll (BOA), në fondin MAD nën numrin 10.
Struktura reciproke me emra valentë
Authors: Sadiku Teichmann Emine
Published: October 2021

Në punimin që vijon do të bëhet fjalë për një dukuri gjuhësore jo shumë të trajtuar në studimet shqiptare. Mendimet dhe paraqitjet teorike do të ilustrohen me material gjuhësor të marrë nga proza e një autori interesant nga Elbasani. Për më tepër, proza e tij trajton e përshkruan jetën që rrjedh mjediseve të qytetit Elbasan e të disa trevave rurale rreth tij. Autori quhet Safet Sadiku. Për lexuesin elbasanas e më gjerë Safet Sadiku është i njohur nëpërmjet shkrimeve të shumtë në gazetën “Shkumbini”. Përmbi 20 vjet ai debutoi me sukses në këtë organ duke provuar të gjitha zhanret e publicistikës, si artikujt problemorë, ata informativë, kritikën letrare etj.Për një kohë shumë të gjatë shërbeu si mësues në zona të thella të vendit, më gjatë në krahinën e Shpatit. Përvoja në gazetë dhe në detyrën e nderuar të mësuesit e ka nxitur të qëmtojë ngjarje dhe episode nga jeta e përditshme, t’i trajojë ato me pjekuri krijuese në librat e tij artistikë. Safeti, si njohës i thellë i karakterit të shpatarakut, ka depërtuar në botën e tij të brendshme dhe që andej është përpjekur të nxjerrë në pah vlerat universale të banorëve të kësaj treve të nderuar. (Shih dhe: Pupuleku, M.: Parathënie e vëllimit “Tregimet e Shpatit”, Elbasan, 2006, f.3)

Proza e këtij autori ka bërë objekt letrar edhe shumë aspekte nga jeta në qytetin sa të lashtë, aq dhe modern të Elbasanit. Figurat e tij, personazhet, që gjëllijnë në prozën e botuar të këtij autori, janë njerëz me veçori të spikatura, pozitive ose negative. Një pjesë e mirë e episodeve janë ngjarje të periudhës famëkeqe të tranzicionit shqiptar.
Mbi një variant empatik të baladës së murimit
Authors: Karriqi Skënder
Published: October 2021

Ideja se patjetër në Luginën e Shkumbinit flinte diku një variant i Baladës së murimit, kishte filluar të na ngacmonte prej kohësh. Për ne ishte paradoksale që kjo luginë, ku kalonte lumi, i cili ndante Shqipërinë dhe shqiptarët në gegë e toskë, pikërisht, aty pra, ku gjithsesi, fillonte njëfarë dizintegrimi gjuhësor dhe etnografik i shqiptarëve, të mos mbartej Balada e sakrificës. Përndryshe, Lugina e Shkumbinit konsiderohet nga arkeologët edhe si Lugina e Egnatia-s. Në këtë kuptim, ajo sipas prof. Neritan Cekës, ka qenë një kondicioner ku kanë fryrë dhe janë gërshetuar “erërat” kulturore të Lindjes dhe Perëndimit.

Nisur nga bindja jonë, se balada duhet të flinte diku, në një nga këto ditë pranvere me shira të gjatë, bashkë me mësuesin e anlgishtes, z. Lavdim Alliu, vajtëm në Qukës-Shkumbin, atje ku kishim identifikuar më parë gojëdhënën për “Gurin e Qumështit”. Në fakt ishte fjala për një këmbë ure, ku sipas gojëdhënës, pikonte qumështi i nuses prej shekujsh e murosur. Atje, gratë e sëmura nga gjiri shkonin për të gjetur shpëtim, pasi pinin disa pika nga ai qumësht shërues. Matanë lumit, pikërisht atje, ku fillon fshati tjetër, Qukës- Skënderbe, në një shtëpi dykatëshe me oborr të sistemuar me mure të thata guri, flinte Balada e murimit në variantin shkumbinas.
Përtej mitit për Normalen, vlera që i shërbejnë së tashmes
Authors: Plangarica Tomorr
Published: October 2021

Shkolla Normale e Elbasanit është ndër ato institucione arsimore (gjithsesi jo të shumta), themelimi i së cilës u shoqërua njëherazi edhe me lindjen e mitit për të. Ndodhte ky asosacion fatlum, sepse ajo u konsiderua që në lindje si përmbushje e një dëshire që kishte dhjetëra vite që përvijohej e, për më tepër, e një shprese që rrokte jo thjesht hapësira të edukimit e arsimimit, por shumë më gjerë: të patriotizmit që duhej mëkuar, të intelektualizmit që duhej kultivuar, të shkencës që duhej themeluar e dijes që duhej përhapur në mjedise shumë më të gjera se në një institucion, një qytet a një trevë. Dhe kjo dëshirë, ky entuziazëm motivues veçse u materializua nëpërmjet breza pedagogësh e studentësh të atij institucioni; e për pasojë, veçse i përforcoi e zgjeroi përmasat e mitit për të.
The Opioid Epidemic in the United States: Where Do Patients Requiring Elective Arthroplasty Stand?
Authors: Premkumar Ajay , Zhong Haoyan , Krell Ethan , Liu Jiabin , Memtsoudis Stavros , Poeran Jashvant , Della Valle Alejandro Gonzalez
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Over the past decade, awareness about opioid abuse in the general community and among prescribers has increased. This study evaluated how opioid prescribing patterns before and after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may have changed during a recent 5-year period.

Methods:

The Truven Health MarketScan database were queried for patients who underwent elective THA and TKA for primary osteoarthritis between 2013 and 2017. The trend analysis evaluated for changes in opioid prescriptions and multivariate regression identified predictors for chronic postoperative opioid use.

Results:

Data were available for 27,908 THA patients and 47,220 TKA patients. The proportion of opioid naïve patients before THA or TKA increased significantly (P < 0.001). Median oral morphine equivalents prescribed during the first postoperative year after THA or TKA decreased significantly (P < 0.001). The proportion of patients with chronic postoperative opioid use also decreased for TKA patients (P < 0.001).

Discussion:

A notable, downward trend was seen in the proportion of patients who received opioids before elective arthroplasty, in the amount of opioid prescribed after surgery, and in TKA patients, the frequency of chronic opioid use after surgery. These findings reflect the effectiveness of efforts to combat the opioid epidemic after elective arthroplasty surgery.
AAOS/Major Extremity Trauma and Rehabilitation Consortium Clinical Practice Guideline Summary for Evaluation of Psychosocial Factors Influencing Recovery From Orthopaedic Trauma
Authors: Keizer Benjamin M. , Wegener Stephen T.
Published: October 2021

The Clinical Practice Guideline for Evaluation of Psychosocial Factors Influencing Recovery from Adult Orthopaedic Trauma is based on a systematic review of current scientific and clinical research. The purpose of this clinical practice guideline is to improve outcomes after adult orthopaedic trauma by evaluating, and addressing, the psychosocial factors that affect recovery. This guideline contains one recommendation to address eight psychosocial factors after military and civilian adult orthopaedic trauma that may influence clinical, functional, and quality of life recovery. Furthermore, it addresses additional factors that may be associated with greater biopsychosocial symptom intensity, limitations, and/or diminished health-related quality of life. However, this guideline did not evaluate effective treatment strategies for the treatment or prevention of psychosocial factors. This guideline cannot be fully extrapolated to the treatment of children or adolescents. In addition, the work group highlighted the need for additional research because studies of general traumatic injuries do not always generalize to specific orthopaedic populations.
Dampak Kebijakan Subsidi Pupuk Terhadap Produksi Gabah di Indonesia
Authors: Sembiring Surya Abadi , Hutauruk Julia , Ndruru Fransisca Ernawati
Published: October 2021

Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis dampak Â kebijakan subsidi pupuk terhadap produksi gabah. Penelitian menggunakan data time series tahun 1985-2015. Â Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode Ordinary Least Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kenaikan luas panen sebesar 1 persen maka produksi gabah naik sebesar 1,561 persen, peningkatan trend teknologi menyebabkan Â produksi gabah naik sebesar 0,032 persen, kenaikan jumlah penggunaan pupuk urea sebesar 1 persen maka produksi gabah akan naik sebesar 0,096 persen, dan dengan kebijakan subsidi pupuk maka produksi gabah akan naik sebesar 0,046 persen. Kebijakan subsidi pupuk akan menyebabkan kenaikan produksi, sedangkan tanpa kebijakan subsidi akan menurunkan produksi gabah.
Dampak Pemulihan Mangrove Terhadap Bahan Baku, Kesempatan Kerja dan Pendapatan Keluarga Pesisir
Authors: Pambudi Julian Hisky Tyas
Published: October 2021

This study which was conducted in the coastal area of Rugemuk Village, Pantai Labu Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency aims to 1) analyze the impact of mangrove forest recovery program on mangrove cover area; 2) analyze the impact of mangrove recovery program on availability of raw materials of coastal agroindustry; 3) analyze the impact of mangrove forest recovery program on employment opportunities;Â  4) analyze the impact of mangrove recovery program on coastal household income. Data analysis method used in this research is comparative method that is Wilcoxon Match Pairs Test and Test-t. Sampling method used is simple random sampling method with the number of samples of 79 samples. The results showed that 1) There is increasing mangrove forest cover area after mangrove restoration program; 2) There is significant difference availability of raw materials of coastal agroindustry; 3) There is significant difference employment opportunities before and after mangrove restoration program; 4) There is significant difference in coastal household income before and after mangrove restoration program
Aliran Barang, Jasa dan Tunai Usahatani Padi Sawah dengan Sektor Rumah Tangga dan Sektor Lainnya
Authors: Sembiring Surya Abadi , Deras Stefanus , Sinaga Merlin
Published: October 2021

Tujuan penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan aliran barang jasa dan tunai usahatani dengan sektor rumah tangga dan sektor lainnya. Daerah penelitian yaitu Desa Sei Rakyat, dengan populasi petani padi sawah 250 KK dan jumlah sampel 49 KK. Â Metode analisis dengan deskriptif. JumlahÂ  tenaga kerjaÂ  rumah tangga untuk kegiatan usahatani yaitu 31,175 Hari Kerja Pria (HKP), dengan luas rata-rata usahatani 0.55 ha. Rata-rata penerimaan tunai usahatani Rp 15,678,473 sedangkanÂ  rata-rata pengeluaran tunai Rp 3.194.163 sehingga diperoleh pendapatan tunai usahatani (farm net cash flow) Rp 12.484.310. Â Produksi dijual dalam bentuk gabah denganÂ  harga jual gabah rata-rata Rp 4.727 per kg.Â  Tanaman kelapa sawit memberikan kontribusi terbesar yaitu 60.11 persen terhadap penerimaan rumah tanggga dibandingkan tanaman lainnya, seperti kacang hijau 36.46 persen, dan tanaman lainnya Â 3.43 persen Persentase keterkaitan usahatani dengan lembaga keuangan sekitar 55 persen, yang mengindikasikan bahwa 6 (enam) dari 10 usahatani padi sawah terkait dengan lembaga keuangan. Persentase pembayaran ke sektor lain, untuk pupuk 57.85 persen, obat-obatan 31.29, sisanya benih 10.85 persen.Â Â  Upah yang dibayarkan usahatani terhadap sektor lainnya yaitu Â tenaga kerja luar keluarga, Rp 71.979.500 atau per usahatani Rp 1.468.949 dalam satu musim tanam.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TPS (THINK PAIR SHARE)MATERI PERCAKAPAN KELAS V SD NEGERI 104273 CILAWAN KECAMATAN PANTAI CERMIN T.P 2017-2018
Authors: RAJAGUKGUK WAHYU SRI REJEKI
Published: October 2021

This study aims to: (1) to improve student learning outcomes in Indonesian language lesson using cooperative model model of TPS (Think Pair Share) class V SD Negeri 104273 Cilawan Kecamatan Pantai Cermin T.P 2017-2018. To find out how the implementation of learning by using cooperative cooperative learning model of TPS type (Think Pair Share) on Indonesian lesson in class V SD Negeri 104273 Cilawan T.P 2017-2018. Subjects in carrying out the action in this study are researchers who work together with the homeroom as an observer, while the object in this study is the students of grade V SD Negeri 104273 Cilawan which amounted to 33 students consisting of 15 men and 18 women. Data collection techniques through observation of the results of learning tests and student learning activities. The results of this study showed an increase in student learning outcomes on the subjects of Bahasa Indonesia class V conversational materials SD Negeri 104273 Cilawan. This is evident from the results of research conducted on the pretest of students who got the complete value of 7 students or 21.21% while the students who did not complete as many as 26 people or 78.79. Then continued the research on the first cycle of students who got the complete value of 14 students or 42.42% while students who do not complete as many as 19 students or 57.58%, then there is an increase in the cycle I compared to the pretest. However, it has not met the completeness category that has been specified. Then proceeded on the second cycle of students who received a complete score of 28 students or 84, 85% while students who are not complete as many as 5 students or 15.15%, then there is an increase in cycle II compared to cycle I and has fulfilled the mastery already specified. Furthermore, teacher activity in observation cycle I obtained an average of 60% and in cycle II increased to 84%. While the student activity on the learning process memeproleh average of 64% and on the second cycle has increased 88%. Thus, it is concluded that by using cooperative learning model of TPS type (Think Pair Share) on Indonesian Language conversation material in class V SD Negeri 104273 Cilawan can improve student learning outcomes. Therefore it is suggested for the next learning to use cooperative model of TPS type (Think Pair Share) so that student learning result can be increased.
HUBUNGAN PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER DI KELUARGA DAN DI SEKOLAH DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR ANAK DI SEKOLAH DASAR BERBASIS AGAMA ISLAM DAN BUDHA SEKOTA MADYA MEDAN
Authors: SIANTURI SUTRISKA
Published: October 2021

This research is aimed to know the correlation of the Character Building in Family and School to the Childâ€™s Learning Achievement at the Elementary School Based on the Muslims and Budha Religion in the City of Medan. This is a correlation research using quantitative approach. The population used in this research are grades four and five pupils of the elementary school based on Muslim and Budha religion in the city of Medan with the total of six hundred pupils. The sampling quota was used in sampling process. Datas in this research were obtained by using character building questionnaire in families and school. The analysis technique in this research is using Statistic Program For Social Science (SPSS). The calculation result showed that the answer of the respondents about the five aspects; religion, honesty, dicipline, social solidarity and responsibility proved that the character building of pupils in the family and school correlates to pupils learning achievement.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNINGDAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KONVENSIONAL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARANMATEMATIKA DI KELAS V SDN 068003 P.SIMALINGKAR MEDAN TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: SITUMORANG VALEN ANASTASYA
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of using Problem Based Learning models on studentsâ€™ learning outcomes. This research was conducted at SDN 068003 P.Simalingkar Medan in July 2018. The subjects of research were 33 studentsâ€™. The research method is a One Shot Case Study that is carried out in one class. The instrument used to collecting the data is a multiple choice test. Hypothesis testing is done using the "t-test".The results of statistical calculations showed that the students' mathematics learning outcomes using conventional learning models included in the sufficient category with the studentsâ€™ mean score is 64.24, while the learning outcomes through the Problem Based Learning model in the excellent category with the mean score is 80.90. Furthermore, hypothesis testing shows that t count is 83.3 and then consulted with table t at the significant Î± = 0.05 with dk = 64 is 1.67. Therefore, the tcount obtained is greater than t table that is 83.3> 1.67 so it is proven that the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. So it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning model influences for the studentsâ€™ learning outcomes in Mathematics subjects at the fifth grade studentsâ€™ of SDN 068003 P.Simalingkar Medan in academic year 2018/2019. Thus, this learning model is appropriate for use in the learning process.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN REWARD TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA KELAS IV SD DI SD NEGERI 101740 TANJUNG SELAMAT TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 20182019
Authors: SURBAKTI AMELIA SEPTIANI
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of giving rewards to student learning outcomes. This research was conducted at the Public Elementary School 101740 Tanjung Selamat in April 2019. The study sample consisted of 60 students. The method of this research is the Quasi experimental design method which in the design of this study there are two groups, namely, the experimental group and the control class. The instrument used to collect data is the multiple choice test. Hypothesis testing is done using the "t" test.The results of statistical calculations show that the ability of students to answer post-test questions by giving rewards is included in the good category with an average value of 79.75. While the ability of students to answer post-test questions without being given treatment, giving rewards is included in the category with an average value of 65.81. Furthermore hypothesis testing shows ð‘¡ð‘ð‘œð‘¢ð‘›ð‘¡ is 2,042 then consulted with ð‘¡ð‘¡ð‘Žð‘ð‘™ð‘’ at a significant level Î± = 0.05. with df 58 = 2,042 Because ð‘¡ð‘ð‘œð‘¢ð‘›ð‘¡ obtained is greater than ð‘¡ð‘¡ð‘Žð‘ð‘™ð‘’, that is, 6,174 > 2,042, it is evident that the null or (Ho) hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. So, it can be concluded that giving rewards has a significant effect on the learning outcomes of class IV students at SD Negeri 101740 Tanjung Selamat Learning Year 2018/2019. And Then, giving this reward is well used in the learning process, especially in fractions.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE MAKE A MATCH TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA TEMA LINGKUNGAN SAHABAT KITA KELAS V SD NEGERI 050600 KUALA TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: TARIGAN SISKA RAHAYU BR
Published: October 2021

The problem in this study is the student learning outcomes that are still low on the theme of our friend's environment in class V 050600 Kuala State Elementary School. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Cooperative Learning Model Type Make A Match on student learning outcomes on the theme of the environment of our friend class V 050600 Kuala State Elementary School Learning Year 2018/2019. This type of research is a quantitative research experimental model with a pretest-posttest Control Group Design research design. The class that became the population in this study was class V-A and class V B, where the total population was 49 students with class V A 24 students, and class V B 25 students. Sampling using simple random sampling technique, and selected class V B as a class given treatment (Treatment). To find out the hypothesis in this study using a different test independent sample t-test in SPSS ver 22. The results showed that the experimental class experienced a learning increase of 101% from the previous pretest. In the experimental class the pretest results were 41.75 and posttest was 84. This is supported by the results of the test of the correlation coefficient can be seen that the correlation coefficient value is 0.863 means r count (0.863)> r table (0.396) then Ha is accepted. Then there is a strong relationship and there is an influence between the type of cooperative learning model Make A Match on the learning outcomes in class V 050600 Kuala State Elementary School. Can also be seen from the results of testing the hypothesis t test where t count> t table is 62,308> 1,713 so that the hypothesis Ha is accepted. This shows the influence of the Make A Match type of cooperative learning model on student learning outcomes on the theme of our friend's environment in class IV 050600 Kuala State Elementary School in the 2018/2019 learning year.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE MAKE A MATCH TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS V SD NEGERI 060915 JL TB SIMATUPANG KECAMATAN MEDAN SUNGGAL TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: HALAWA WENY GLORY HIDAYATI
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this research is to know the effect of make amatch type learning to student learning outcome in mathematics in subject at the fifth grade student of SD 060915. The method of this research was a quasi-experimental research with pretest posttest control group design. The experiment sample was 30 students that used make amatch cooperative learning method. The control sample was 30 students that used speech method. The instruments of this research wasobjective learning outcomes test with 15 questions.The technique of analysis data was t-test. Based on the calculation, t-score showed that t-count was 2,127 and t-table was 1,672 at the significance level of 5% which means t-count > t-table (2,127>1,672), so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. It can be concluded that cooperative learning make a match type has positive influence to student learning outcome in mathematics in subject at the fifth grade student of SD 060915 in addition and subtraction of ordinary fragment and mixed fragment concept.
THE USE OF DERIVATIONAL SUFFIXES STRATEGY TO ENHANCE STUDENTSâ€™ MORPHOLOGICAL AWARENESS OF VOCABULARY MASTERY AT SMP SANTO PETRUS MEDAN IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2017/2018
Authors: Tarigan Karisma Erikson , Stevani Margaret
Published: October 2021

Vocabulary learning plays an important role in vocabulary acquisition, one possible way to achieve it is by using derivational suffixes. The purpose of the study is to know the studentsâ€™ responses after they are taught with affixation strategy. The subject of this study is the students of Class IX-1 of SMP Santo Petrus Medan in the academic year of 2017/2018. This study is conducted by applying descriptive qualitative research and in the form of survey research. (The instruments of collecting data are quantitative data (questionnaire) and qualitative data (field notes). The result of questionnaire shows that most of the students choose item Strongly Agree whose percentage is 85.79% and item Agree whose percentage is 14.20%. This finding proves that the studentsâ€™ learning behavior changed positively, that is, their attitude and motivation heightened significantly by using derivational suffixes strategy to teach vocabulary. The data of studentsâ€™ morphological awareness response of the use of derivational suffixes shows that: (1) Affixation helps to remember English vocabulary better, (2) Affixation helps connect vocabulary with its meaning, (3) Affixation helps to develop vocabulary, (4) Affixation helps to recognize noun, verb, adjective, and adverb, (5) Affixation helps to separate form and meaning between root and affix, (6) The rules of affixation make students understand the good spelling of vocabulary,Â  and (7) Affixation supports English learning. These indicate that there is a significant improvement of the studentsâ€™ vocabulary mastery through derivational suffixes strategy of Class IX-1 of SMP Santo Petrus Medan in the academic year of 2017/2018.
Perbedaan Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa Dengan Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share (TPS) dengan tipe Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) di Kelas VIII
Authors: Dongoran Jhonas , Sianturi Bronika Septiani
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar siswa yang diajar dengan dengan model pembelajaran Kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share dengan model pembelajaran Kooperatif tipe Student Teams Achievement Division. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP N 22 Medan. Dan sampel diambil secara random sampling dimana satu kelas dijadikan sebagai kelas eksperimen I yaitu kelas yang diajar dengan pembelajaran Tipe Think Pair Share (TPS) dan satu kelas lagi dijadikan sebagai kelas eksperimen II yaitu kelas yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD). Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen semu (Quasi Eksperimental Design). Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah observasi dan tes. Uji hipotesis dilakukan pada taraf signifikansi Î± = 0,05 dengan kriteria pengujian thitung > ttabel. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh thit 4,562 > ttab 3,063. Dengan demikian H0 ditolak sedangkan Ha diterima, berarti terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar siswa yang diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS dan tipe STAD di kelas VIII pada materi sistem organ pada manusia.
Penerapan Pembelajaran Matematika Realistik Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematis Siswa Pada Materi Bentuk Aljabar di Kelas VII SMP
Authors: Sinaga Nurvitri
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the level of mathematical understanding ability of students before and after the application of realistic mathematics learning and to describe the application of the Realistic Mathematics Learning approach at Nempu Hilir State Middle School 3 in the algebraic material form. This type of research is Classroom Action Research. The research subjects were seventh grade students of State Junior High School 3 Siempat, Nempu Hilir 2017/2018 Academic Year, amounting to 30 people. The results of this study indicate that the level of mathematical understanding of students in class VII-C State Junior High School 3 Siempat Nempu Hilir before and after the application of Realistic Mathematics Learning increased. The application of realistic mathematical learning approaches is applied in several steps, namely first, providing contextual problems. Second, explain contextual problems. Third, resolve contextual problems. Fourth, discuss answers. Fifth, conclude. The implementation of a realistic mathematics learning approach in the State Junior High School 3 Siempat of Nempu Hilir in the algebraic form material has been classified as good.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa di Kelas VIII SMP
Authors: Tamsar Theresia Appri Robelina
Published: October 2021

This study aims to (1) find out whether there is an effect of Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) Cooperative learning model on students' critical thinking skills; (2) to find out whether the critical thinking skills of students who obtain the Cooperative Learning Team Type Assisted Individualization (TAI) model are higher compared to students who obtain the expository learning model. The population in this study were eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 28 Medan. By random sampling selected class III-C as an experimental class as many as 40 students and class III-B as a control class as many as 40 students. The data used in this study is quantitative data. Based on the analysis of research data, the following results were obtained: (1) The regression analysis results obtained equation Y 63 = 63,351 + 11,676X, from the regression results it was found that the Cooperative Assisted Individualization (TAI) learning model had a positive effect on students' critical thinking skills of 11,676 . Where the correlation coefficient is 0.400 and the coefficient of determination is 16%. So it can be concluded that the Cooperative Individualization (TAI) Type Learning Learning model influences students' critical thinking skills, (2) The results of t-test analysis with the value of tcount = 3.717 and t table = 1.666 which means tcount> t table, then the hypothesis H0 is rejected. So that it can be concluded that students who obtain the Cooperative Type Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) learning model are higher than students who obtain the expository learning model.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematis Siswa Kelas IX SMP Negeri 5 Sumbul
Authors: Sihotang Verawaty
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the ability to understand the mathematical concepts of students who take part in learning with the discovery learning model higher than the ability to understand the mathematical concepts of students who follow conventional learning and student responses to the discovery learning model. This research was conducted at 5 Sumbul Junior High School inÂ  2017/2018 Academic Year. The sample in this study was class IX-1 as an experimental class as many as 35 people and class IX-2 as a control class of 35 people. The research method used was the quasi-experimental method with the design of pretest-posttest control in group design. Hypothesis test results show at the significance level = 0.05 the value of t count = 4.964> t table = 1.667. So that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that the ability to understand the mathematical concepts of students who take part in learning with the discovery learning model is higher than the comprehension abilities of students who take conventional learning. The results of the questionnaire analysis of student responses to the discovery learning model were obtained: (1) 98.57% of students were interested; (2) 96.67% of students stated that there were benefits obtained; (3) 75% of students stated that there were no obstacles experienced during the learning process; and (4) 84.76% of students hope that the discovery learning model is used in the learning process. This shows that the positive student response to the discovery learning model.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Matematika Realistik Terhadap Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa Kelas VII SMP
Authors: Sihotang Ida Wati
Published: October 2021

This study aims: (1) To find out whether the Realistic Mathematics Learning approach influences students' mathematical communication skills. (2) To find out whether the increase in students' mathematical communication skills with the Realistic Mathematics Learning approach is higher than conventional learning. This type of research is experimental research using pretest-posttest control group design. The study population was all VII grade students of YPAK Galang SPM consisting of three classes. The research sample was selected using simple random sampling technique, so that the VII-A class as the experimental class and VII-C class as the control class were obtained with 37 students each. The data used in this study are quantitative data. Based on the analysis of the research data, the following results are obtained: (1) the results of the regression analysis obtained by the equation (Y) Ì‚ = 36,945 + 1,003X. And from the results of the correlation obtained that Realistic Mathematics Learning has a positive effect with a correlation coefficient of 0.944 and a coefficient of determination of 89.1%. So it can be concluded that Realistic Mathematics Learning influences students' mathematical communication skills. ; (2) the results of the t-test analysis with the value of t count = 4.489 and t table = 1.666 which means t count> t table, then the hypothesis Ho is rejected. So it can be concluded that the mathematical communication skills of students taught by Realistic Mathematics Learning are higher than the mathematical communication skills of students who are taught by conventional learning.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIK PADA MATERI KUBUS DAN BALOK BERBENTUK SOAL KONTEKSUAL DITINJAU DARI GENDER SISWA
Authors: Sitohang Andos
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan siswa dalam pemecahan masalah matematik pada materi kubus dan balokÂ  berbentuk soal kontekstual ditinjau dari gender siswa kelas VIII SMP Dharma Wanita Pertiwi Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriftif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII yang terdiri dari 30 orang yang terdiri dari 19 siswa laki-laki dan 11 siswa perempuan. Objek penelitian ini adalah kemampuan siswa dalam pemecahan masalah pada materi kubus dan balok berbentuk soal kontekstual. Metode pengumpulan data berupa observasi, tes tertulis dan wawancara terkait kemampuan pemecahan masalah dengan menggunakam langkah penyelesaian george polya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan siswa perempuan memiliki kemampuan memahami masalah, menyusun rencana penyelesaian, dan memeriksa kembali solusi yang lebih unggul dibandingkan laki-laki. Sedangkan untuk melakukan perhitungan siswa memiliki kemampuan yang sama antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Persentase kemampuan pemecahan masalah untuk laki-laki 16,6% dan perempuan 30% dilihat dari pengelompokan pemecahan masalah di atas rata-rata. Berdasarkan analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa siswa perempuan memiliki kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang lebih unggul dibandingkan siswa laki-laki
IMPROVING THE STUDENTSâ€™ READING COMPREHENSION BY USING PQ4R STRATEGY TO THE EIGHTH GRADE AT SMP NEGERI 2 PANCUR BATU
Authors: Br Rajagukguk Sartika Margaret , Tarigan Karisma E. , Ginting Fiber Yun A.
Published: October 2021

Â Reading is one of the four language skills in English, they are listening, speaking, reading and writing. The students get bored in reading comprehension. Since they do not understand the text. Thus, they need some ways or strategy which could help studentsâ€™s reading comprehension on narrative text. The teacher should be creative to search for interesting strategy to teach reading comprehension on narrative text. PQ4R strategy can helps the students to understand on narrative text. The objectives of this study to find out the studentsâ€™ reading comprehension bu using PQ4R strategy. The subject of this study were the eight grade students of SMP 2 Negeri Pancur Batu. This research, the writer used Classroom Action Research (CAR) as the method of research. Tests were used to gather the quantitative data. Based on the finding of this study, it showed in pre-test only 4 students (11%) who passed KKM ( the Mastery Minimum Criteria), andÂ  post test 25 students (71%). The result of this research revealed that there was a significant improvement of the studentsâ€™ achievement from the pre-test to in the post test. This improvement was shown by the comparison between the mean score of pre-test (51,2), and post test (73,82). Furthermore, the students were interested in PQ4R strategy, it can be seen from the result of observation sheet and questionnaire .Therefore, PQ4R startegy was effective strategy in helping students to improve their reading comprehension especially in narrative text.
IMPROVING STUDENTSâ€™ READING COMPREHENSION THROUGH COOPERATIVE INTEGRATED READING AND COMPOSITION TECHNIQUE TO THE EIGHT GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP SWASTA KATOLIK BUDI MURNI 1 MEDAN
Authors: Damanik Rostani , Pangaribuan Jontra J. , Ginting Fiber Yun A.
Published: October 2021

Reading is not only about pronouncingÂ  written words correctly but also comprehending the text. It is not surprising the students have difficulties in reading comprehensionÂ  because they do not understand the language. Therefore the teacher must try to help the students comprehend the text. One thing the teacher can do is to find a technique to teach this reading comprehension. Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition can help the students to improve their reading comprehension and to arouse their motivation. The aim of this study is to find whether Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition Technique works effectively on improving studentsâ€™ reading comprehension and to knowÂ  what studentsâ€™ responsesÂ  after being taught by using this technique. The subject of this study is the eighth grade students of SMP Swasta Katolik Budi Murni 1 Medan in the Academic Year of 2018/2019 were consist 25 students of class VIII C. This study was conducted by applying Classroom Action Research (CAR), which was performed in two cycles ( cycle I and cycle II). The instruments of collecting dataÂ  were Quantitative data (reading comprehension test) and and qualitative data (field notes,obervation sheet,questionnaire)The result of reading comprehension tests showed that the mean of the studentsâ€™ score increased from pre-test (20 %), formative test (52 %), post-test (76 %). The field notes, observation sheet and questionnaire showed that the students are interested in the learning teaching process through CIRC Technique and this study run well. It was found that this technique could improve studentsâ€™ reading comprehension. It is suggested that English teacher should apply this technique in teaching reading comprehension.
The Analysis of Oral Variety in Medan City
Authors: Ginting Adelina
Published: October 2021

The research is aimed to describe the oral variety that is used by the people in Medan City. The location of this research was carried out in Medan City, Lingkungan II Titi Rantai Padang Bulan Medan. This study uses a qualitative method. Sources of data obtained from the visitors in 5 coffee shop in Lingkungan II Titi Rantai Padang Bulan. Results of the study showed the oral variety which is used in the form of abbreviations said among other things: Mandi, Nurdin , Martabe, the oral variety in the form of words that are influenced from the language of the area among others, bagudung, lalap, lateung, in addition to the many found the use of language phenomenon those are: Apheresis namely the removal of sound (phoneme) at the beginning of the word: saja - aja, Syncope namely removal of noise in the middle of the word: Tahu-tau,  Haplology namely the removal of some phoneme in the middle of the word: Sedikit-dikit , Paragog namely the addition of sound at the end of words: Muka-mukak , Construction purposes, namely a combination of two pieces of words into a word: Bagai-Mana-Bagaimana, Monophothongization namely change two sounds vowels into one vowel: Sampe-sampai, Hypercorrection namely changing one phoneme into phoneme others: Pelit-celit
Effect of Sprout Juice on The Chemical Characterictics of Nata De Annona Montana
Authors: Fidyasari Ambar , Ula Hurriyatul
Published: October 2021

Soursop Mountain (Annona montana Macf.) is a tropical plant that is used as an antioxidant in the form of terpenoid. The mountain soursop fruit that is extracted its juice can be processed into a snack in the form of nata due to its high fibbers content in its fruit. With the addition of Acetobacter xylinum, a layer of cellulose will be formed as a result of fermentation. This study aims to determine the chemical quality of nata de Annona montana with the addition of sprout juice. The data obtained were analysed by the one way ANOVA. This study consists of two stages. First, nata preparation with the addition of sprout juice of 10%, 20%, and 30%. Second, the chemical quality testing which includes the protein content, fat content, water content, ash content and carbohydrate level according to SNI No 01-4317-1996 on the Nata De Coco requirement. The chemical quality testing result on nata de Annona montana shows an increase in its quality with the addition of 30% of sprout juice with a value of 0.8479% of protein content, 1.044% of fat content, 97.53% of moisture content, 13.17% of ash content, and 12.09% of carbohydrate level. In conclusion, the sprout juice has an effect on the chemical characteristics of nata de Annona montana. The best result is obtained at a sprout concentration of 30%.