bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El Magisterio público de la ciudad de Santiago de Cuba: formación y superación entre 1899 a 1915
Authors: Mancebo Céspedes Daineris
Published: February 2022

Desde el periodo de ocupación norteamericano en Cuba (1899-1902) constituyó una premisa para las fuerzas estadounidenses impulsar la instrucción pública en la Isla. Con tal fin, una de las primeras medidas que asumieron fue preparar a los hombres y mujeres que integrarían las filas del sector magisterial. Este artículo aborda cuáles fueron esos primeros pasos en la formación de los maestros a desempeñarse en la instrucción primaria, a través del territorio de Santiago de Cuba, en el periodo de 1899 a 1915. A través de la selección de una copiosa información, se acoge a la metodología de la investigación histórica. Se persigue que contribuya a continuar enriqueciendo la Historia de la Educación, como una de las líneas de investigación más concurridas por historiadores cubanos y de otras partes del mundo en las últimas décadas.
Mujeres en la universidad: presencias y experiencias biográficas San Luis Potosí, México 1950-1970
Authors: Vega Martínez Blanca Susana
Published: February 2022

Este artículo surge de una investigación más amplia, que tiene como objetivo recuperar las trayectorias educativas de mujeres universitarias que ejercieron su profesión entre las décadas de 1950 y 1970; asimismo, reconocer las experiencias que tuvieron al acceder a la educación superior en la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP), México. El acceso a la educación, para las mujeres, ha sido un proceso discontinuo en relación con el de los hombres, por lo que su participación en el ámbito educativo y académico se ha sobrellevado con dificultades y buscando caminos diversos. Actualmente jubiladas y en proceso de envejecimiento, las universitarias nos narran su trayectoria educativa en un tiempo de difícil acceso a la educación superior femenina, sobre todo en carreras consideradas tradicionalmente de enseñanza masculina, es decir, medicina, ciencias químicas, enfermería y derecho. La metodología se enfoca en el método biográfico, específicamente en los relatos de vida, que nos permiten recuperar, desde la propia voz de las universitarias, las experiencias en su trayectoria educativa y laboral en las décadas de 1950 a 1970, primeramente, por ser mujeres estudiantes universitarias y, posteriormente, al ejercer su profesión en los ámbitos universitarios y fuera de ellos.
Simón Rodríguez y la educación republicana: relaciones entre el sur de Colombia-Túquerres y el norte de Ecuador-Latacunga
Authors: Paladines Escudero Carlos Augusto
Published: February 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la relación entre Túquerres y Latacunga a partir de la acción y la teoría desplegada por Simón Rodríguez en uno y otro lugar durante la construcción de la República. A lo largo del texto se muestra la importancia asignada por Simón Rodríguez a la conformación de la República; se analizan los principales componentes de la educación republicana y su metodología de implementación, y finalmente, se aborda las relaciones de esta vasta región respecto del sistema de educación que se requiere en la actualidad.

Pocos proyectos educativos han resaltado tanto la profunda vinculación de la educación con la vida democrática y social como el de Simón Rodríguez; de ahí que comprender este modelo suponga examinar previamente su concepción de la sociedad americana, la misma que, a su criterio se presentaba marcada no solo por agudos conflictos nacionales sino ante todo por los de carácter social y por eso dividida por un nuevo género de dominadores y dominados. Sobre estas y otras categorías organiza Simón Rodríguez su plan de una ‘educación republicana y social’, como él mismo la denomina, y sobre la cual nos narra que hacía ya más de veinticuatro años que él venía hablando y escribiendo pública y privadamente, apoyándose en una fuerte crítica y ruptura con la educación tradicional o testamentaria e imprimiendo a su vez al proyecto un claro carácter alternativo. Es en la denuncia de un pasado heredado y vigente, así como en el anuncio de un porvenir por construir, como constituye el plan de una ‘educación republicana y social’, haciendo que una y otra fase del proyecto confluyesen como las dos caras de una misma moneda.
Los libros escolares de historia en la implementación de la Reforma Educativa peruana de 1972
Authors: Santistevan Alejandro
Published: February 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es proporcionar un análisis de los libros de texto de historia identificando las transformaciones educativas dadas a partir de la Reforma de 1972. La Reforma Educativa de 1972, en el marco del gobierno militar-reformista de Juan Velasco Alvarado (1968-1975), representó el más profundo intento de transformar la educación peruana y orientarla hacia la producción de “hombres nuevos”. La historiografía peruana sobre educación se ha centrado en el análisis de sus planes y sus ideas, pero aún se sabe poco sobre cómo se trasladó a las aulas. El argumento central de este trabajo es que, al salir del ámbito de la planificación y pasar al estudio de los materiales educativos, se muestra cómo la reforma fue parcial y no consiguió traducirse en libros acordes al espíritu y los conceptos de la Reforma Educativa. El conservadurismo que rodeaba al gobierno militar, la falta de presupuesto para producir libros estatales y capacitar a los maestros en su uso y el rápido desmontaje que llevó al cabo el régimen que reemplazó a Velasco Alvarado signan los límites de la Reforma Educativa.
Desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa oral en inglés a través del enfoque comunicativo y el juego de roles
Authors: García Benavides Lady Karolina
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo de investigación es el resultado del estudio: “Desarrollo de la producción oral del inglés a través del Enfoque Comunicativo en los estudiantes del Centro de Idiomas de la Universidad de Nariño, Sede Ipiales”, se llevó a cabo con los estudiantes de IV nivel y se enfocó en demostrar que la implementación del Enfoque Comunicativo (EC) y del juego de roles favorece la Competencia Comunicativa oral (CCO) del inglés de los mencionados estudiantes.

La aplicación de los lineamientos del paradigma cualitativo, del enfoque etnográfico y de la investigación acción que orientaron el proceso investigativo, inició con la identificación del problema y culminó con la narración de historias de la cotidianidad de la ciudad de Ipiales realizada por los estudiantes. Dichas producciones que fusionaron creativamente la competencia lingüística y la competencia comunicativa fueron integradas en la cartilla English and Culture - Authentic texts, la cual constituye un importante material didáctico que puede utilizarse para enseñar lenguas extranjeras a partir de las experiencias, intereses y expectativas que hacen parte de la cotidianidad de los estudiantes. Finalmente, el estudio permitió concluir que las dificultades de los estudiantes para expresarse oralmente en una lengua extranjera, (LE) pueden disminuir por medio de la aplicación del enfoque comunicativo y del juego de roles que, a través de un ejercicio de transposición didáctica, suscita sentimientos, sensaciones y actitudes de seguridad, autonomía, imaginación y espontaneidad que se evidencian en las interacciones verbales de los estudiantes.
Region and the American Presidency: Jimmy Carter as the “Southern” President
Authors: Berggren D. Jason
Published: February 2022

This study is about region and the politics and political style of Jimmy Carter. In 1976, the former Georgia governor broke a regional barrier to become president of the United States. He was a white southerner from the Deep South. As a candidate, he regularly identified himself as being from the South and spoke with pride about his regional connections. Although being from the South may have had some political costs, Carter did not consider it a liability. It helped him win the Democratic Party nomination and the general election. It reinforced his image as a Washington outsider. Indeed, had it not been for the near solid support from his home region in the Electoral College, he would have lost to Gerald Ford. Carter was also a southern president. He used his regional identity to establish and maintain relations with other Americans and with international leaders. He employed it in domestic and foreign policy situations, most notably in his efforts to advance Middle East peace.
Donald J. Trump: Jacksonian Minoritarian?
Authors: Cobb Thomas J.
Published: February 2022

The label of the ‘Jacksonian’ has served to add a sense of definition and historical precedent to a seemingly anomalous presidency. Comparisons between Donald Trump and President Andrew Jackson (the progenitor for the Jacksonian creed) have hinged on the perception that the Jacksonian philosophy purveys belief in majoritarian nationalism, diplomatic realism and the preeminence of America’s white male labouring class. Commentators as diverse as New York Times journalists and International Relations theorists have applied such readings. Through investigating the changing paradigms of the Jacksonian, from its incipience in the 1820s to its ascription in Trump’s populism, this article underlines how its shibboleths have gradually shifted towards becoming part of a ‘minoritarian’ phenomenon. Trump’s victory in the 2016 presidential election, which was achieved in spite of his loss of the popular vote and failure to win former Republican states such as Virginia, indicated that the Jacksonian resurgence perceived in this contest was heavily dependent on the economic decline of the industrial Midwest. This contrasts with the cooption of the Jacksonian under FDR and Ronald Reagan, whose first terms resulted from comprehensive national landslides. Because of this lack of broader support, Trump’s affinity with a decreasing population of white male non-college educated voters forms the existential driver of his presidency. Conveying a reversal of Andrew Jackson’s majoritarianism, my research highlights that Jacksonian survival now hinges on consolidating the kind of minoritarian influence implied by the results of the 2016 presidential election. This analysis, along with my historiography of the Jacksonian, establishes the changes undergone by this significant American ideology.
Reclaiming Home in Indigenous Women Poetry of North America
Authors: Krivokapić Marija
Published: February 2022

The tendency of reclaiming home in Indigenous women poetry of North America is seen as a part of a multilayered decolonizing project, which aims at disclosing, reconstructing, and removing the effects of the colonial policy for self-determination and betterment of the Indigenous peoples. A precondition of reclaiming home is resurrecting tribal knowledge of belonging which situates the Indigenous subject within family and tribe and close connection to natural surroundings. This paper extends the boundaries of the concept of home from a physical space, such as house and homeland, to a representational one, such as community or cultural articulation, in which one finds comfortable identification (cf. Lefebvre 1991). This assumption supports the expansion of Indigenous agency to the realization of home on the global level. The paper takes a multidisciplinary approach and gathers a vast corpus of poetry, coming from different nations Indigenous to North America, and, therefore, from different locations and writing styles. While using the concept of the Indigenous to refer to Native Americans, Alaskans, First Nations, and Chicana/o, I will also briefly introduce the authors’ tribal affiliations to underline the collective pattern of suffering among the diverse groups.
Manifestations of Toxic Masculinity in Cormac McCarthy’s Blood Meridian or the Evening Redness in the West
Authors: Yaşayan Vahit
Published: February 2022

This article analyzes Blood Meridian or The Evening Redness in the West (1985)—the first product of Cormac McCarthy’s borderlands immersion—by deploying the concept of “toxic masculinity,” an exaggerated masculinity related mythically to the role of the cowboy/warrior/pioneer, which creates recklessness and eventually perpetuates violence. In other words, it explores how perfunctorily embracing, or endeavoring to fulfill, hegemonic masculine ideals bring about self-destructive behaviors in McCarthy’s monolithically male characters on the Texas-Mexico border in the 1850s. Even though the term “toxic masculinity” was seldomly used in the 1980s when McCarthy wrote this novel, he clearly anticipates and historicizes the evolution of American masculinity as embodied by the cowboy/warrior/pioneer into a form of toxic masculinity. By doing so, he presages the gradual cultural recognition that such masculinity is not the generic standard against which all versions of gendered identity should be measured but is in fact toxic, pathological, political, and problematic. By exposing toxic cowboy mythology and deploying it to construct alternative masculinities, McCarthy questions the Frontier Thesis and Manifest Destiny while disrupting the toxic assumptions about manhood and masculine identities they were intended to uphold. The new vision McCarthy presents in Blood Meridian challenges the development of American national identity based on the vicious conquest of impoverished, discriminated, oppressed, and racialized Others and exploited, feminized nature.
The Humanities and Fire
Authors: García-Osuna Alfonso J.
Published: February 2022

Short article with no abstract.
The drivers of the project of finance interest rate in the ASEAN-4 countries
Authors: Nasution Elvi , Sugiarto Sugiarto , Ugut Gracia Shinta S. , Hulu Edison
Published: February 2022

This paper highlights the significant aspects of the project finance theme in terms of the prospective return of the infrastructure project, the risk mitigation feature of project finance in addressing various risks, and future stability requirements in achieving the future country growth target through infrastructure investment. This paper attempts to investigate the determinants of the total interest rate charged on project finance. We found that the critical risk factor does not affect the interest rate, because the critical risk factor with the proxy of political stability and government effectiveness does not affect the interest of project financing loans due to the characteristics of ASEAN-4 countries.
Declining temperature and increasing moisture sensitivity of shrub growth in the Low-Arctic erect dwarf-shrub tundra of western Greenland
Authors: Weijers Stef
Published: February 2022

1. Evergreen dwarf shrubs respond swiftly to warming in the cool and dry
High Arctic, but their response in the warmer Low Arctic, where they are
expected to be outcompeted by taller species under future warming,
remains to be clarified. 2. Here, 12,528 annual growth increments,
covering 122 years (1893-2014), were measured of 764 branches from 25
individuals of the evergreen dwarf shrub Cassiope tetragona from
a Low-Arctic erect dwarf-shrub tundra site in western Greenland. In
addition, branch initiation and mortality frequency time-series were
developed. The influence of seasonal climate and correspondence with
fluctuations in regional normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI),
a satellite-proxy for vegetation productivity, were studied. 3. Winter
temperatures were an important co-driver, summer temperatures the main
driver of growth. During past and recent warm episodes, shrub growth
diverged from summer temperatures. In recent decades, early summer
precipitation has become the main growth-limiting factor for some
individuals, likely through micro-topography-determined soil moisture
availability, and more than half of the shrubs studied became
irresponsive to summer temperatures. There was correspondence between
climatic drivers, C. tetragona growth and branch initiation
frequency, and satellite-observed vegetation productivity, suggesting
the area’s shrub-dominated tundra vegetation is limited by similar
climatic factors. Winter warming events were likely the predominant
cause of branch mortality, while branching increased after years with
poor growth and cooler-than-average summers. 4. Synthesis These
findings show that the erect dwarf-shrub tundra in the Low Arctic has
and will likely become less temperature- and increasingly
moisture-limited and that winter warming supports shrub growth, but
increased extreme winter warming event-frequency may increase branch
mortality and vegetation damage. Such counter-acting mechanisms could
offer an explanation for the vegetation stability observed over large
parts of the Arctic.
Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Esophagus
Authors: Karapiperis Dimitrios , Vrakas Spyridon , Ignatova Simone , Tribonias George , Franzen Thomas
Published: February 2022

We report a case of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus.
RECENT EVOLUTION OF GLACIERS IN COCUY-GÜICAN MOUNTAINS (COLOMBIAN ANDES) AND THEIR HYDROLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS
Authors: López-Moreno Juan Ignacio , Rojas-Heredia Francisco , Ceballos Jorge Luis , Moran Enrique , Alonso Esteban , Vidaller Ixeia , Deschamps-Berger Cesar , Revuelto Jesús
Published: February 2022

This study updates information on the evolution of glacier shrinkage in
Cocuy-Güican mountains since the maximum glacier extent of the Little
Ice Age (LIA), and presents the first mass balance data of Ritacuba
glacier since 2009, that is compared to the available mass balance for
the Conejeras Glacier (Los Nevados National Park). This study also
discusses the hydrological significance of Colombian glaciers which is
still largely unknown because of the very limited information available.
Glaciers in Cocuy-Güican covered 13.2 km2 in 2019 that compared to the
127.8 km2 during the maximum LIA represents a shrinkage of 89.7%.
Glacier cover observations in 1955, 1994, 2010 and 2019, reveal that the
rate of ice loss was the largest from 1994 to 2010 (0.59 km2 yr-1) and
was then more than halved from 2010 to 2019 (0.34 km2 yr-1). This
slowdown in glacier retreat is in line with a moderate negative mass
balance measured for 2009-2019, with an accumulated loss of 1,766 mm
w.e. The progressive confinement of glaciers to higher elevation and
optimal topographic context together with a lack of recent marked
climatic anomalies, could explain that Cocuy-Güican glaciers have
temporally reached near equilibrium state condition. This is in stark
contrast with Conejeras glacier where 47,000 mm w.e. has been lost in
the same period. The available data on runoff and isotopic traces of
streamflows and precipitation suggest a primary control of precipitation
on the hydrological variability of the high elevated sites, compared to
glacier melt water.
A Rare Case of Umbilical Urachal Sinus Mimicking Infected Umbilical Abscess: A case report
Authors: Torabi Hossein , Shirini Kasra , Ghaffari Rona
Published: February 2022

Incomplete obliteration of urachus during the fetal period can lead to
urachal abnormalities, such as urachal sinus. Therefore, it should be
considered as a significant differential diagnosis in abdominal pain or
umbilical discharge patients. This article presents a young patient with
a urachal sinus mimicking umbilical pilonidal sinus symptoms.
Weddings of the dead: Ustasha funerals and life cycle rituals in fascist Croatia
Authors: Yeomans Rory
Published: February 2022

This paper seeks to thoroughly describe the 1941 Ustasha funerals of Mijo
Babic and Antun Pogorelec, two of the most important early Ustasha martyrs,
and to demonstrate the centrality of funeral practices in the Ustasha
project to reconfigure Croatian society in the 1940s and its role in
mediating the relationship between the individual and the state. Funeral
practices are not seen only as cultural values imposed from above, but also
as events of importance for the members of the movement as well as their
supporters in the wider local community that participated in them.
The refractory community: Yugoslav anti-communists in post-war Italy
Authors: Cuzzi Marco
Published: February 2022

In the months between the Italian armistice (September 1943) and the end of
the war (May 1945), Italy became the destination of a large group of
Yugoslav exiles who, in various ways, opposed Tito and the Socialist and
Federal Republic in the process of being formed. These exiles, divided by
nationality and political affiliation (ranging from exponents of the
resistance linked to the government in exile in London to the most radical
collaborators with the Nazis), were united by their staunch anti-communism.
Carefully observed by both the Italian secret services and the Allied
military government, with the approach of the Cold War this Yugoslav
?refractory community? was increasingly used as a centre of propaganda and
in part also of information by the West. After the Tito-Stalin split, this
function was reduced, and the community waited for new developments that
would only appear forty years later with the dissolution of the disdained
Federal and Socialist Republic. This essay is an integral part of research
based on the archives of the Italian Military Intelligence Service (SIM)
kept at the Historical Office of the Italian Army General Staff in Rome, in
the fonds of the Confidential Affairs of the General Directorate of Public
Security of the Italian Ministry of the Interior and in the ?Affari Politici
- Jugoslavia? collections of the Historical-Diplomatic Archive of the
Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The research is still in progress and
aims to create a map of the Yugoslav anti-communist community in Italy from
the end of the Second World War until the dissolution of the Federal
Republic between 1989 and 1992.
Multi-valued perturbations to a couple of differential inclusions governed by maximal monotone operators
Authors: Azzam-Laouir D. , Benguessoum M.
Published: February 2022

This paper concerns the existence of absolutely continuous solutions for a
couple of evolution problems, governed by time and state dependent maximal
monotone operators and sweeping process to subsmooth sets, with multi-valued
perturbations.
On numerical pricing of put-call parities for Asian options driven by new time-fractional Black-Scholes evolution equation
Authors: Hussain Javed , Khan Shoaib
Published: February 2022

The objective of this paper is twofold. Firstly, to derive time-fractional
evolution equation modeling the No-Arbitrage premium of Asian option (with
arithmetic and geometric averages ) contingent upon an underlying asset that
satisfies the fractional stochastic differential equation, in a setting when
the strike price is fixed and floating. Secondly, we have computed the four
versions of the put-call parities for Asian options, by solving the
time-fractional Black-Scholes evolution modeling the difference of the
premiums of put and call Asian options, through Fractional Reduced
Differential Transform (FRDT) algorithm. We have also established the
convergence and the error estimates for the FRDT Algorithm for the two
independent variables.
Generalized Hilbert series operators
Authors: Jin Jianjun , Tang Shuan
Published: February 2022

In this note we study the generalized Hilbert series operator H?, induced by
a positive Bore measure ? on [0,1), between weighted sequence spaces. We
characterize the measures ? for which H? is bounded between different
sequence spaces. Finally, for certain special measures, we obtain the sharp
norm estimates of the operators and establish some new generalized Hilbert
series inequalities with the best constant factors.
Upper-solution or lower-solution method for Langevin equations with n fractional orders
Authors: Hamid Beddani
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we study a nonlinear Langevin equation involving n-parameter
singular fractional orders ?i(i=1,2), and ? with initial conditions. By
means of an interesting fixed point theorem, we establish sufficient
conditions for the existence and uniqueness of solutions for the fractional
equations.
AGAINST THE AUTONOMY ARGUMENT FOR MANDATORY GMO LABELING
Authors: Herington Jonathan
Published: February 2022

Many argue that consumers possess a “right to know” when products contain ingredients derived from genetically modified organisms, on the grounds that it would protect consumer autonomy. In this paper, I critically evaluate that claim. I begin by providing a version of the “consumer autonomy” argument, showing that its success relies on ambiguities in the notion of autonomy. I then distinguish four approaches to autonomy and articulate the circumstances under which they would support active disclosure of a product property. I argue that none of these conceptions would support active disclosure of the presence of ingredients derived from genetically modified organisms.
GUN VIOLENCE AS INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
Authors: Metcalf Thomas
Published: February 2022

I offer a new proposal to prevent some of the harms of gun violence in the United States. First, I argue that gun violence is a negative externality of gun production, on an analogy with industrial pollution. Second, I outline a law that the United States might use to internalize the violent costs of gun production. This law would provide a financial incentive for gun manufacturers to reduce gun violence in whatever legally permissible way they can, not necessarily by reducing the prevalence of gun ownership. Thus, strictly speaking, my proposal would be a form of gun violence control, not gun control per se. Third, I show that this approach to controlling gun violence avoids the three main pro-gun-rights arguments: the Consequentialistic Argument, the Moral Rights Argument, and the Legal Rights Argument. I conclude by explaining why even libertarians should have few principled objections to my proposal.
EGALITARIANISM AND PUBLIC FUNDING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECTOGENESIS
Authors: Gelfand Scott David
Published: February 2022

Anna Smajdor claims that one means of addressing the declining fertility rate of Western countries is to develop artificial womb technology and to provide widespread access to this technology. Smajdor claims that Ronald Dworkin’s resource egalitarianism justifies this approach. In this essay, I argue that Dworkin’s resource egalitarianism does not justify the development of artificial womb technology. I furthermore claim that we must examine a variety of issues, including how the presence of artificial womb technology will affect society, before developing this technology.
LIBERAL CITIZENSHIP AND THE ISOLATED TRIBES OF BRAZIL
Authors: Ferracioli Luara
Published: February 2022

Since 1987, the Brazilian government has implemented a no-contact policy, which prevents contact between isolated indigenous tribes in the Amazon and members of the general public, including state officials. The government justifies this policy on the grounds that contact would expose members of isolated tribes to dangerous illnesses as well as violate their right to determine their own life processes. In this essay, I bring liberal theory to bear on the question of whether Brazil’s treatment of isolated indigenous tribes is justified. I argue that the current policy actually fails to treat isolated indigenous persons as free and equal.
POLICING, INCARCERATION, RACE, AND PROTEST AFTER FERGUSON
Authors: Barker Chris
Published: February 2022

This article asks whether mass incarceration is a system and whether harsh treatment in that system is motivated by explicit and implicit racial bias. To describe this system, I adopt an alternative term, “penal regime,” which has the benefit of permitting a more inclusive and systematic account of law enforcement, courts, and corrections. My analysis is based on the important fact that US penal regimes are democratic and, to be understood in context, must be tied to American punitive and racial attitudes as expressed through the discretion of elected officeholders. I find that a racial empathy gap explains some important problems with criminal justice, and I argue that protest speech about police conduct may cross the empathy gap in a manner that deserves significant theoretical attention and practical support.
DEMOCRATIC AUTHORITY AND STATE SECRECY
Authors: Mokrosinska Dorota
Published: February 2022

May secret uses of power by democratic states be a legitimate exercise of democratic authority? The concerns about and the conditions of the democratic authority of secret exercises of political power have hitherto been argued to reside in the substantial and procedural side-constraints on the exercise of political authority. This essay approaches the problem of secrecy in democratic governance from a new angle by linking the problem of secret uses of power to the formal features of political authority, namely, its content-independent character. The focus is thus not on how political authority ought to be exercised but, instead, on what political authority exercised by democratic states is. In this context, the essay revisits Dennis Thompson’s seminal defense of secrecy in democratic states.
PROMISCUITY, PEDOPHILIA, RAPE, AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SEXUAL
Authors: Woollard Fiona
Published: February 2022

This paper uses a dilemma presented by David Benatar to explore the challenges that “Sexual Liberals” face in giving a satisfactory account of sexual ethics. A satisfactory Sexual Liberal account of sexual ethics must be able to fully explain the wrongness of sexual assault without implying that sexual activity should be restricted to those in love. The assumption that this is impossible may be due to mistakes in our thinking about sexual assault. However, even when such mistakes are resolved, producing a satisfactory account of sexual ethics requires Sexual Liberals to confront the significance of the sexual in human life. I describe an account of sexual desire that explains the significance of the sexual in human life without forcing us to endorse a restrictive sexual ethics.
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION FOR NON-RACIALISTS
Authors: Jonker Julian
Published: February 2022

Is affirmative action aimed at racial justice compatible with non-racialism? Insofar as affirmative action interventions go beyond measures aimed at de-biasing selection procedures, they are typically framed in a way that assumes that candidates belong to racial groups, and that candidates’ racial identities can and should be revealed to selection committees. The non-racialist denies the latter, and so is likely to reject affirmative action. Yet race membership is a misleading way to frame affirmative action. Insofar as preferential treatment is justified, it is because affirmative action aims to correct harms and wrongs due to racism, rather than to promote individuals on the basis of their race. So there is moral reason to advantage candidates for positions insofar as they are victims of racism. I propose such a race-agnostic reformulation of affirmative action: vulnerability-based affirmative action. Vulnerability-based affirmative action goes beyond ensuring equality of opportunity (it is robust), and it does not implicitly endorse racial identities (it is non-racial). Vulnerability-based affirmative action has some advantages over comparable race-based measures: it allows for more context-sensitive judgments about compensation, and it puts us to the task of identifying patterns of racism and their effects.
COMMUNITY AS SOCIALIST VALUE
Authors: Spafford Jesse
Published: February 2022

While socialists often appeal to community as a foundational value—where they take this value to be best promoted by a socialist economic system—few philosophers have attempted to develop an account of the concept. This paper remedies this oversight by providing a positive account of community qua socialist value wherein greater community is said to exist among the members of some groups to the extent that they have a greater disposition to enhance (and a weaker disposition to diminish) one another’s welfare. In defense of this account, the paper posits three desiderata that any theory of community should satisfy; it then argues that the dispositional account successfully satisfies these desiderata whereas the major rival accounts of community discussed in the literature do not.
DUTIES TO ONESELF AND THIRD-PARTY BLAME
Authors: Kanygina Yuliya
Published: February 2022

A number of viable ethical theories allow for the possibility of duties to oneself. If such duties exist, then, at least sometimes, by treating ourselves badly, we wrong ourselves and could rightly be held responsible, by ourselves and by non-affected third parties, for doing so. Yet, while we blame those who wrong others, we do not tend to, nor do we think ourselves entitled to blame people who treat themselves badly. If we try, they might justifiably respond that it is none of our business. This disanalogy might be thought of as a reason for skepticism about duties to oneself. It allegedly indicates that self-inflicted harm, while irrational, is not immoral. In this paper, I argue that this disanalogy is deceptive. First, it relies on the unjustified assumption that our response to someone treating herself badly consists solely in a judgment that she is being irrational or foolish, which is incompatible with leading views about what constitutes blame. Second, the objection fails to recognize that third-party blame is positional: in some contexts, it is inappropriate for a third party to express blame just because of her position as a third party.
PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN ELITE ETHICS JOURNALS: TO QUOTA OR NOT TO QUOTA?
Authors: Krishnamurthy Meena
Published: February 2022

In this paper, I paper explore one concrete manifestation of the gender problem in philosophy: namely, the underrepresentation of women in elite ethics journals. After presenting existing data regarding the underrepresentation of women-authored papers in elite ethics journals, I give some reasons for favoring proportional representation. I conclude by discussing gender-based quotas as one potential avenue of ensuring proportional representation of women in elite ethics journals. I canvass the usual and obvious reasons that are given for immediately dismissing quotas and argue that these reasons do not hold. This suggests, at minimum, that gender-based quotas should not be outright dismissed as a potential (albeit partial) solution to the gender problem in philosophy and that quotas are deserving of more consideration.
WHY SO FEW WOMEN IN VALUE JOURNALS? HOW COULD WE FIND OUT?
Authors: Saul Jennifer
Published: February 2022

This paper takes as its starting place Meena Krishnamurthy’s discussion in this issue of women’s underrepresentation in "elite" value journals. Her paper discusses a specific remedy: quotas. My paper focuses instead on the causal issue of explanations for women’s underrepresentation in these journals. I argue that we currently lack the data that would allow us to choose between various hypotheses (or combinations of hypotheses), and I sketch the sorts of investigations that would be needed to further our understanding of the causes for this underrepresentation.
WHO NEEDS CONSENSUS ANYWAY? ADDRESSING MANUFACTURED DOUBT AND INCREASING PUBLIC TRUST IN CLIMATE SCIENCE
Authors: Intemann Kristen
Published: February 2022

Several empirical studies purportedly demonstrate the existence of a scientific consensus on climate change. Such studies have been pursued as a response to concerns that private industries and think tanks have "manufactured" public doubt and derailed regulatory policies. While there is overwhelming evidence for anthropogenic global warming, studies aiming to empirically establish the existence of consensus rely on several problematic assumptions about the nature of consensus and the role of consensus in policy making. Even more worrisome, reinforcing such assumptions in public may actually undermine, rather than increase, trust in climate science.
SCIENTIFIC DISSENT AND A FAIR DISTRIBUTION OF EPISTEMIC RESPONSIBILITY
Authors: Rolin Kristina
Published: February 2022

There is a growing concern about the epistemic harms that may be caused by what appears to be politically and economically motivated dissent within scientific communities. Acknowledging the urgency to develop criteria for normatively appropriate dissent in science, many philosophers have turned to Helen Longino’s account of epistemically ideal communities suggesting that dissenters as well as consensus scientists ought to follow the four criteria of publicly recognized scientific venues, uptake of criticism, shared standards, and tempered equality of intellectual authority. I argue that Longino’s account is in need of refinement. In order to minimize the epistemic harms that may be caused by scientific dissent, the criterion of uptake needs to include a requirement for a fair distribution of epistemic responsibility.
INTRODUCTION: THE RESPONSIBLE USE OF SCIENCE IN SOCIETAL DECISION MAKING—PART 2
Authors: Elliott Kevin C. , Richards Ted
Published: February 2022

Science plays a crucial role in a great deal of personal and societal decision making, including the development of public policy and regulations, the formulation of legal decisions, and the preservation of public and environmental health. Nevertheless, recent scholarship has shown that the incorporation of science into public decision making is fraught with a great deal of complexity. This essay introduces the second of two special sections of Public Affairs Quarterly, which together comprise six articles that explore cutting-edge questions about how science can be used responsibly to inform societal decisions. The articles in this second section explore how to develop regulatory and legal institutions that treat science with appropriate respect without granting inappropriate decision-making power to the scientific community.
Trajetórias de pesquisas com professores da escola básica analisadas pelo olhar da gênese documental
Authors: Abar Celina A. A. Pereira , De Almeida Chrystian Bastos , Dias Adriana de Oliveira
Published: February 2022

Com suporte na gênese documental (GD), esse artigo apresenta trajetórias de duas teses de doutorado em desenvolvimento no contexto da educação matemática e tecnologias e na formação de professores da escola básica, com alguns resultados parciais. A Abordagem Documental do Didático (ADD) no contexto da GD objetiva a compreensão do desenvolvimento profissional de professores por meio do estudo de suas interações com os recursos, uma variedade de artefatos, e seus usos para o desenvolvimento de sua prática. Devido à pandemia do Covid- 19, ambos estudos, com início em 2020, foram desenvolvidos de modo remoto por meio das plataformas Teams e Google Meet, além do WhatsApp, permitindo a interação entre os professores participantes e pesquisadores, o que possibilitou o acompanhamento da construção de documentos e análise dos esquemas por eles mobilizados, como preconiza a GD. Nas pesquisas aqui apresentadas, houve o envolvimento ativo dos professores reconhecendo a importância da prática docente para obtenção de um documento. Na trajetória da primeira pesquisa apresentamos a análise de uma atividade em um contexto de trabalho remoto e colaborativo de duas professoras no contexto do tema de Juros Compostos. No segundo estudo apresentamos uma análise da trajetória documental de um professor de química e sua atuação realizada on-line devido às restrições impostas pelo Covid-19. Nesses estudos a trajetória documental do professor é marcada por adaptações no sentido de acompanhar os avanços tecnológicos e o uso da internet aliada ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem.
Editorial - Número temático 2021 -Enfoque Documental de lo Didáctico
Authors: Barbosa Camargo Igliori Sonia , Almouloud Saddo Ag , Manrique Ana Lucia
Published: February 2022

Editorial - Número temático 2021 -Enfoque Documental de lo Didáctico
Análise do sistema de recursos de um professor de Matemática no ensino remoto
Authors: Silva Rosana Maria da , Marinho de Albuquerque Rafael , Ignácio Rogério
Published: February 2022

A crise decorrente da COVID-19 trouxe desafios para a escola enquanto instituição no momento em que o distanciamento social provocou a interdição de acesso à grande parte dos recursos que os professores dispunham. O momento crucial de substituição de aulas presenciais por meio de atividades remotas em algumas escolas foi acompanhado por formações visando substituir os recursos interditados por outros equivalentes em termos de funcionalidade. Diante desse cenário, estivemos interessados em estudar como o sistema documental dos professores, sobretudo os de Matemática, foram afetados nesse ambiente de mudanças com privações temporárias de parte significativa de seus respectivos sistemas de recursos. Acompanhamos dois experientes professores de Matemática em seus processos de Gêneses documentais para aderir ao ensino remoto. Nesse ensaio apresentamos as análises referentes a um desses docentes que apresentou elementos pertinentes para nossos objetivos nesse artigo, quais sejam: (1) identificar os recursos utilizados durante as aulas remotas; (2) identificar elementos úteis ao processo de formação do professor em sua transição para o remoto; (3) compreender as interferências do ensino remoto no sistema de recursos do professor. Para tal, empregamos os princípios da Metodologia de Investigação Reflexiva, empreendendo um acompanhamento de 13 meses de atividades do docente. As conclusões parciais do estudo, ainda em andamento, dão conta de que ao identificar uma quantidade mínima de recursos que o habilitem a conduzir suas aulas segundo suas concepções, o professor empreende adaptações dos novos recursos para ajustá-los às suas regras de ação, expandindo seu sistema de recursos anterior mediante Gêneses Documentais.
O Professor, os recursos digitais e a Abordagem Documental do Didático: uma tríade a ser considerada na Engenharia de Softwares Educativos
Authors: Tiburcio Ricardo , Bittar Marilena
Published: February 2022

Discute-se neste texto a possibilidade de articulação teórica entre a Abordagem Documental do Didático e a Engenharia Didático-Informática no contexto da criação e utilização de recursos tecnológicos digitais para auxiliar as atividades docentes. Tal conexão é fruto da percepção da importância de considerar a gênese documental do professor como processo que contribui para a engenharia do artefato que este profissional pretende inserir em sua prática. O objetivo deste texto é destacar as contribuições da Abordagem Documental do Didático para a melhoria da produção de artefatos tecnológicos digitais voltados para o ensino da matemática. Tem-se como hipótese que o professor realiza avaliações, adaptações e combinações para inserir um novo recurso em suas aulas. São essas tarefas e os dados levantados por este profissional que interessam à engenharia de software, uma vez que neste momento o professor assume o papel de designer de recursos. É esta experiência, analisada à luz da Abordagem Documental do Didático, que deve contribuir para o desenvolvimento de software educativo na perspectiva da Engenharia Didático-Informática, como buscamos mostrar neste texto.
Unindo as peças de um quebra-cabeça: perspectivas dialéticas e a gênese documental na formação inicial de professores de Matemática
Authors: F.C de Assis Cibelle , Trouche Luc
Published: February 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo ilustrar a Gênese Documental considerando uma situação real de planejamento e implementação de uma aula vivenciada por uma estudante de licenciatura em Matemática na perspectiva das três dialéticas instrumentação/instrumentalização, recurso “mãe”/recurso “filho” e atividade produtiva/ atividade construtiva. A situação real a que nos referimos compôs um dos estudos analisados durante o estágio pós-doutoral da primeira autora na UFPE e na ENS/Ifé de Lyon, entre os anos de 2016 e 2018.  Para a releitura dos dados, elencamos três questões norteadoras: no que a estudante se apoia em termos de recursos? Quais as razões das suas escolhas? Quais são as aprendizagens no processo formativo? Como referencial teórico e metodológico, nós apoiamos na Abordagem Documental do Didático. Na análise da dialética instrumentação e instrumentalização, tivemos respostas para as perguntas: no que a estudante se apoia em termos de recursos? Quais são as adaptações? e observamos os recursos utilizados a partir do documento tarefa. Também neste estudo identificamos os recursos “mãe” e "filho”. No estudo dessas duas dialéticas inferimos o nascimento de um sistema de recursos da estudante construído para ensinar classificação de triângulos com o Geogebra. Na dialética atividade produtiva/atividade construtiva, tivemos respostas para as perguntas: quais as razões das suas escolhas? e quais foram as aprendizagens no processo formativo? quando analisamos os invariantes operatórios do esquema de criação de uma tarefa. O estudo das versões da tarefa foi essencial para identificarmos conhecimentos, crenças e aprendizagens da futura professora.
Bilingual Couples in Conversation
Authors: Ang-Tschachtli Silja
Published: February 2022

This book provides a detailed linguistic analysis of the communication of ten highly proficient bilingual couples, consisting of a Swiss and an English-speaking partner. It sheds light on various areas of their language use, e.g. their language choice, their language mixing behaviour, their manner of expressing emotions, their use of and reaction to swearwords, their attitudes and their humour and laughter.
Pendampingan Guru Dalam Penggunaan Alat Permainan Edukatif Berbasis Enam Aspek Perkembangan Anak Di TK Salsa
Authors: Virganta Anada Leo , Kamtini Kamtini , Novitri Dwi Maya
Published: February 2022

Pendidikan yang bermutu memerlukan guru yang memahami kebutuhan anak usia dini untuk mencapai tingkat pencapaian perkembangan yang sesuai dengan usianya. Disamping guru yang bermutu, diperlukan pula pembelajaran yang menarik bagi anak melalui benda-benda yang hadir secara kongkrit ditengah-tengah anak. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan pendampingan bagi guru-guru di TK Salsa dalam penggunaan alat permainan edukatif (APE) sesuai untuk menstimulus enam aspek perkembangan dan menyusun asesmen perkembangan anak usia dini. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan secara bertahap dan berkelanjutan dan komprehensif melalui kegiatan pendampingan berkelanjutan dan simulasi APE Magic BABO bebrbasis enam aspek perkembangan anak usia dini. APE yang digunakan diberi nama Magic BABO (Balok Book). Hasil pendampingan ini bersifat moril berupa peningkatan keterampilan guru dalam menggunakan APE Magic BABO, peningkatan pengetehuan guru dalam menyusun asesmen berbasis enam asperk perkembangan anak, hasil yang bersifat fisik adalah adanya APE Magic BABO bebrbasis enam aspek perkembangan anak usia dini yang dapat digunakan oleh guru di dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran.
Pendampingan Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Dalam Jaringan Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berfikir Kreatif Guru Di UPT SPF SDN 101877 Tanjung Morawa
Authors: Manurung Imelda Free Unita , Perangin Angin Laurensia , Ratno Suyit
Published: February 2022

Mitra PKM yang akan dilaksanakan adalah guru di UPT SPF SDN 101877 Tanjung Morawa. Program pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pendampingan kepada guru mengenai pembuatan dan penggunaan media pembelajaran dalam jaringan . Hal ini dilakukan berdasarkan analisis, mulai dari pembelajaran semester sebelumnya dimana pandemi COVID-19 menyerang negara, pembelajaran tidak berlangsung secara efektif dikarenakan kurangnya kesiapan guru dalam melakukan pembelajaran dalam jaringan. Sehingga sebahagian besar anak tidak melakukan pembelajaran dengan efektif. Penyebabnya adalah minimnya sumber dan referensi pendukung yang dapat digunakan guru sebagai media dalam pembelajaran daring. Hal ini menjadi permasalahan serius yang perlu dicarikan solusi sehingga anak di UPT SPF SDN 101877 Tanjung Morawa dapat melakukan pembelajaran dengan efektif. Solusi yang akan dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan mitra antara lain: (1) Sosialisasi dan pendampingan media pembelajaran, (2) pendampingan pembuatan media pembelajaran, (3) pendampingan penggunaan media pembelajaran, (4) monitoring dan evaluasi, dan (5) tindak lanjut. Metode pelaksanaan program pengabdian dilakukan melalui beberapa tahap, antara lain: (1) persiapan, (2) pelaksanaan, (3) monitoring dan evaluasi, dan (4)tindak lanjut. Dengan metode yang digunakan, diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kesiapan guru dalam melakukan pembelajaran dalam jaringan dalam mengantisipasi pembelajaran yang masih bersifat online akibat pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia, khususnya di UPT SPF SDN 101877 Tanjung Morawa.