bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorus in Strained Ring Systems
Authors: SCHOELLER W. W. , BUSCH T. , HAUG W. , STRUTWOLF J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Functional Groups. Part 13. High‐Affinity Complexation of Adenosine Derivatives Within Induced Binding Pockets.
Authors: CONN M. M. , DESLONGCHAMPS G. , DE MENDOZA J. , REBEK J. JUN.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Synthesis of Dihydropyrrolo(3,2‐e)indoles from 1,4‐ Cyclohexanedione.
Authors: LASH T. D. , BELLETTINI J. R. , VOILES S. J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Fused Pyrimidine Derivatives. Part 10. Preparation of Pyrazolo(3′,4′:4,5)pyrido(2,3‐d)pyrimidines by the Intramolecular Reaction of Azomethine Imines in a 2,4(1H,3H)‐Pyrimidinedione System.
Authors: NOGUCHI M. , YAMADA K.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Nitrile Oxide Cycloaddition in the Dihydrotropone Series. A Rapid Entry into the Bicyclo(5.3.0)decane and Bicyclo(5.4.0) undecane Ring Systems.
Authors: RIGBY J. H. , MCGUIRE T. W.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Route to α,α‐Difluoro Ketones.
Authors: QUI Z.‐M. , BURTON D. J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of 4,5,7,8‐Tetrahydro‐6H‐imidazo(4,5‐e)‐1,4‐diazepine‐ 5,8‐dione ‐ a Cyclic Xanthine Homologue.
Authors: IVANOV E. I. , KALAYANOV G. D.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Stable Tetraazafulvalene.
Authors: TATON T. A. , CHEN P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Bonding strength of the babbit alloy Sn‐12Sb‐6Cu‐1.8Bi
Authors: Sürül K. , Beiss P. , Akin O.
Published: September 2010

Blei‐ und Zinnbasislagermetalle für Gleitlager brauchen einen im Wesentlichen ferritischen Stahlstützkörper, um die Betriebslasten tragen zu können. Das Lagermetall wird auf dem Stützkörper als eine dünne Schicht von wenigen mm Dicke, z. B. bei Radiallagern im Schleudergussverfahren, aufgebraucht. Für beste Tragfähigkeiten bedarf es einer hohen Bindefestigkeit zwischen Stahl und Lagermetall, was man durch eine Tauchbeschichtung des Stahlstützkörpers in einem Bad aus reinem Zinn erreicht. Dabei bildet sich eine dünne FeSn2‐Zwischenschicht, die sich beim Ausgießen auflöst und gute Benetzung und direkten Kontakt zwischen Stahl und Lagermetall sicherstellt. Bei einem neuen Hochleistungslagermetall mit 1,8 Gew.‐% Wismut als Mischkristallverfestiger ließen sich mit der FeSn2‐Zwischenschicht ausreichende Bindefestigkeiten nicht reproduzierbar erzielen. Deshalb wurde ein Zink‐modifiziertes Tauchbad entwickelt, mit dem sich eine FeZn9‐Zwischenschicht bildet. Mit dieser Beschichtung wurden bei allen untersuchten Zinnbasislagermetallen sehr gute Bindefestigkeiten erreicht.

Lead‐ and tin‐base babbit materials for sliding bearings require a more or less ferritic steel backing to support the service loads. The babbit material is bonded to the steel as a thin layer of only a few mm thickness, e. g. in the case of radial bearings by centrifugal casting. For best load bearing capacity the bonding strength between steel and babbit must be high which is achieved by hot‐dip coating of the steel backing in a pure tin bath, thus forming a thin FeSn2 interlayer dissolving during pouring and warranting a good wetting and direct contact between steel and babbit melt. With a new high performance babbit containing 1.8 wt.‐% bismuth as a solid solution strengthener, the FeSn2 interlayer failed to provide reproducibly sufficient bonding strength. Therefore, a zinc‐modified hot‐dip coating bath was developed forming an FeZn9 interlayer which produced very good bonding strengths to all investigated tin‐base babbit materials.
Wintertime variability in the Euro‐Atlantic region in observations and in ECMWF seasonal ensemble experiments
Authors: Pavan V. , Molteni F. , Branković Č
Published: September 2010

An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition of monthly mean analyses of 500 hPa height (1949–94) is used to describe the interannual variability of the large‐scale flow in the Euro‐Atlantic region during winter. The first four EOFs resemble low‐frequency variability patterns identified in previous studies, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation, and the eastern Atlantic and Eurasian teleconnection patterns. The second EOF and fourth EOF (EOF4) are associated with the occurrence of El Niño‐like sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies according to an observational analysis; for EOF4, correlations with SST anomalies in the west Pacific are also important. Indications of an influence of tropical SST anomalies on the blocking‐like third EOF, emerging from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) re‐analysis (ERA) data, are not confirmed by a longer SST record. A negligible correlation exists between the first EOF and El Niño indices during the ERA period, although a link may be detected in earlier decades.

In the second part of the paper, a 14‐winter set of seasonal ensemble simulations, performed with the ECMWF atmospheric model forced by observed SST, is validated by comparing the projection of ERA data onto the four leading Euro‐Atlantic EOFs with those of ensemble experiments, and computing composite anomalies of analyses and model fields. The performance of the model is uneven and depends on the large‐scale pattern considered. Model biases and flow‐dependent errors affect the simulations of some of the EOFs: In particular the model has strong problems reproducing the occurrence of European blocks. The best correlation (69%) between the time series of analysis and ensemble‐mean principal components is obtained for EOF4, which seems to be forced by SST anomalies in the west Pacific associated with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The effects of this forcing are felt on the zonal wind structure over Eurasia, and are reasonably reproduced by the ECMWF model. Conversely, the propagation into the Atlantic region of planetary waves originating in the east Pacific is poorly simulated, thus degrading the model performance in predicting Euro‐Atlantic anomalies during some strong ENSO events.
Boreal winter predictions with the GEOS‐2 GCM: The role of boundary forcing and initial conditions
Authors: Chang Yehui , Schubert Siegfried D. , Suarez Max J.
Published: September 2010

Ensembles of atmospheric General Circulation Model (GCM) seasonal forecasts and long‐term simulations are analysed to assess the controlling influences of boundary forcing and memory of the initial conditions. Both the forecasts and simulations are carried out with version 2 of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS‐2) GCM forced with observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs). While much of the focus is on the seasonal time‐scale (January‐March; 1981–95) and the Pacific North American (PNA) region, we also present results for other regions, shorter time‐scales, and other known modes of variability in the northern hemisphere extratropics.

Forecasts of indices of some of the key large‐scale modes of variability show that there is considerable variability in skill between different regions of the northern hemisphere. The eastern North Atlantic region has the poorest long‐lead forecast skill, showing no skill beyond about 10 days. Skilful seasonal forecasts are primarily confined to the wave‐like El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) response emanating from the tropical Pacific. In the northern hemisphere, this is similar to the well‐known PNA pattern. Memory of the initial conditions is the major factor leading to skilful extratropical forecasts of lead time less than one month, while boundary forcing is the dominant factor at the seasonal time‐scale. Boundary forcing contributes to skilful forecasts at sub‐seasonal time‐scales only over the PNA region.

The GEOS‐2 GCM produces average signal‐to‐noise ratios which are less than 1.0 everywhere in the extra‐tropics, except for the subtropical Pacific where they approach 1.5. An assessment of the sampling distribution of the forecasts suggests the model's ENSO response is very likely too weak. These results show some sensitivity to the uncertainties in the estimates of the SST forcing fields. In the North Pacific region, the sensitivity to SST forcing manifests itself primarily as changes in the variability of the PNA response, underscoring the need for an ensemble approach to the seasonal‐prediction problem.
Application of an Off‐Gas Analysing System to Control Oxidation during Stainless Steelmaking in an EAF
Authors: Risonarta V. Y. , Echterhof T. , Jung H. P. , Beiler C. , Lenz S. , Kirschen M. , Pfeifer H.
Published: September 2010

During stainless steelmaking in the electric arc furnace at Deutsche Edelstahlwerke GmbH, oxygen is injected to oxidize unwanted tramp elements mainly carbon and silicon. Unfortunately the injected oxygen also oxidizes valuable elements such as chromium and iron, which causes an economical loss and has a negative environmental effect. Since the temperature and dilution techniques to minimise chromium oxidation are seldom applied in the electric arc furnace, a new strategy to minimise chromium oxidation has to be developed. This paper proposes a new strategy which involves the use of a continuous off‐gas analysing system to minimise chromium oxidation by monitoring the oxidation products in the off‐gas, i.e. CO and CO2. During stainless steelmaking in the electric arc furnace, for which initial carbon and silicon input cannot be precisely known due to imprecise scrap analysis, the installed off‐gas analysing system should provide precise information concerning an efficient oxygen injection. This would then directly prevents excess chromium and iron oxidation. A continuous off‐gas analysing system installed at Deutsche Edelstahlwerke GmbH delivers a promising result for future applications. During the plant trial, the efficiency of oxygen injection as well as the chromium and iron yields were increased.
Effect of Topological Defects on Buckling Behavior of Single-walled Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Ranjbartoreh Ali Reza , Wang Guoxiu
Published: September 2010

Molecular dynamic simulation method has been employed to consider the critical buckling force, pressure, and strain of pristine and defected single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) under axial compression. Effects of length, radius, chirality, Stone–Wales (SW) defect, and single vacancy (SV) defect on buckling behavior of SWCNTs have been studied. Obtained results indicate that axial stability of SWCNT reduces significantly due to topological defects. Critical buckling strain is more susceptible to defects than critical buckling force. Both SW and SV defects decrease the buckling mode of SWCNT. Comparative approach of this study leads to more reliable design of nanostructures.
Selection of Direct Transesterification as the Preferred Method for Assay of Fatty Acid Content of Microalgae
Authors: Griffiths M. J. , van Hille R. P. , Harrison S. T. L.
Published: September 2010

Assays for total lipid content in microalgae are usually based on the Folch or the Bligh and Dyer methods of solvent extraction followed by quantification either gravimetrically or by chromatography. Direct transesterification (DT) is a method of converting saponifiable lipids in situ directly to fatty acid methyl esters which can be quantified by gas chromatography (GC). This eliminates the extraction step and results in a rapid, one‐step procedure applicable to small samples. This study compared the effectiveness of DT in quantifying the total fatty acid content in three species of microalgae to extraction using the Folch, the Bligh and Dyer and the Smedes and Askland methods, followed by transesterification and GC. The use of two catalysts in sequence, as well as the effect of reaction water content on the efficiency of DT were investigated. The Folch method was the most effective of the extraction methods tested, but comparison with DT illustrated that all extraction methods were incomplete. Higher levels of fatty acid in the cells were obtained with DT in comparison with the extraction‐transesterification methods. A combination of acidic and basic transesterification catalysts was more effective than each individually when the sample contained water. The two‐catalyst reaction was insensitive to water up to 10% of total reaction volume. DT proved a convenient and more accurate method than the extraction techniques for quantifying total fatty acid content in microalgae.
The conserved CXXC motif of hepatic stimulator substance is essential for its role in mitochondrial protection in H2O2‐induced cell apoptosis
Authors: Li Wen , Zhang Jing , An Wei
Published: September 2010

MINT‐7992635: HSS (uniprotkb:P55789) and HSS (uniprotkb:P55789) bind (MI:0407) by chromatography technology (MI:0091)
Progesterone intoxication inducing marked sedation in a cat
Authors: Dhumeaux Marc P. , Snead Elisabeth C.R. , Hung Germaine C. , Taylor Susan M.
Published: September 2010

A 3-year-old, male castrated domestic shorthair cat presented for sudden onset of severe lethargy and loss of balance a few hours after potentially ingesting capsules containing progesterone. Elevated serum progesterone was confirmed. Supportive care and time resulted in complete resolution of the clinical signs with no long-term complications or recurrence of clinical signs noticed after 1-month follow-up. This is the first description of progesterone intoxication inducing neurological signs in a cat.
Naturally occurring Tritrichomonas foetus infections in Australian cats: 38 cases
Authors: Bell Erin T. , Gowan Richard A. , Lingard Amy E. , McCoy Richard J. , Šlapeta Jan , Malik Richard
Published: September 2010

A total of 38 cases of naturally occurring intestinal tritrichomoniasis in Australian cats are described. Detailed information was available for 13 cases diagnosed in two veterinary hospitals, one in Victoria and one in New South Wales (NSW). In all instances, presumptive microscopic diagnoses were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Affected cats were generally young (median age 8 months) and of a pedigree breed (12/13 cats; 92%). Diarrhoea was observed in 10 cats (77%); the remaining three cats were asymptomatic and detected by screening undertaken because these cats cohabited with symptomatic cases. Concurrent infections with Giardia species (7/13 cats; 54%), and Toxocara species and Eucoleus species (2/13 cats; 15%) were identified. Treatment of tritrichomoniasis with ronidazole at a dose of 30 mg/kg once or twice a day, in concert with appropriate therapy of concurrent gastrointestinal infections, resolved diarrhoea in all cats treated. Limited case details of a further 25 infected cats were obtained from a commercial laboratory offering a real-time PCR assay for Tritrichomonas foetus, and compared with findings from the 13 cats presenting to the contributing veterinary hospitals. All samples submitted to this laboratory returning a positive PCR result were from pedigree cats maintained in multi-cat facilities. Most of the samples were derived from Victoria (4/8 catteries tested; 50%), although positive samples were also identified from cats in NSW (1/4 catteries tested; 25%), Queensland (1/4 catteries; 25%), Tasmania (1/4 catteries; 25%) and South Australia (1/4 catteries; 25%). Our impression is that intestinal tritrichomoniasis is an emerging infectious disease of Australian cats. Tests to detect T foetus should be a routine component of the work-up of chronic diarrhoea in cats, especially young purebred cats.
A series of six cases of sphincter of Oddi pathology in the cat (2008–2009)
Authors: Furneaux Robert W.
Published: September 2010

The sphincter of Oddi (SO) is located within the wall of the duodenum as the terminal part of the common bile duct. Six cats are reported with obstructive processes within their SO. Three of them may have had some form of sphincter dysfunction associated with the pre-existing complex known as ‘inflammatory bowel disease’ (IBD), two may have had the equivalent of the infant human condition known as ‘bile plug syndrome’ and the sixth had sphincter dysfunction associated with a tumour at the confluence of the common and right hepatic duct. In all six cases, the sphincter obstructions were surgically managed. The outcomes for 4/6 were favourable but 1/6 was euthanased intraoperatively, and 1/6 had a metastatic neoplasia and was euthanased 2 months postoperatively.
Multiple recurrent pancreatic cysts with associated pancreatic inflammation and atrophy in a cat
Authors: Branter Erinne M. , Viviano Katrina R.
Published: September 2010

Previous reports of true pancreatic cysts in cats have suggested that pancreatic cysts in cats are benign incidental findings. This case report describes the progressive clinical course and diagnostic findings in a cat with multiple recurrent pancreatic cysts. The presenting clinical signs included diarrhea, intermittent vomiting, polyphagia, and marked weight loss. Pancreatic cysts were identified via abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography (CT). An exploratory celiotomy and lesion histopathology confirmed multiple true pancreatic cysts of unknown etiology. One month after surgery the cat presented for lethargy and decreased appetite. Clinical re-evaluation was diagnostic for diabetes mellitus and an abdominal ultrasound confirmed recurrence of the pancreatic cysts. The recurrent nature of the pancreatic cysts and the concurrent development of diabetes mellitus were suggestive of progressive loss of pancreatic function or insulin resistance. This is the first described case of multiple recurring pancreatic cysts in a cat associated with pancreatic inflammation, atrophy and endocrine dysfunction.
Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist in Critically Ill Postoperative Patients: A Crossover Randomized Study
Authors: Coisel Yannael , Chanques Gerald , Jung Boris , Constantin Jean-Michel , Capdevila Xavier , Matecki Stefan , Grasso Salvatore , Jaber Samir
Published: September 2010

Background

Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a new mode of mechanical ventilation that delivers ventilatory assist in proportion to the electrical activity of the diaphragm. This study aimed to compare the ventilatory and gas exchange effects between NAVA and pressure support ventilation (PSV) during the weaning phase of critically ill patients who required mechanical ventilation subsequent to surgery.

Methods

Fifteen patients, the majority of whom underwent abdominal surgery, were enrolled. They were ventilated with PSV and NAVA for 24 h each in a randomized crossover order. The ventilatory parameters and gas exchange effects produced by the two ventilation modes were compared. The variability of the ventilatory parameters was also evaluated by the coefficient of variation (SD to mean ratio).

Results

Two patients failed to shift to NAVA because of postoperative bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis, and one patient interrupted the study because of worsening of his sickness. In the other 12 cases, the 48 h of the study protocol were completed, using both ventilation modes, with no signs of intolerance or complications. The Pao2/Fio2 (mean ± SD) ratio in NAVA was significantly higher than with PSV (264 ± 71 vs. 230 ± 75 mmHg, P < 0.05). Paco2 did not differ significantly between the two modes. The tidal volume (median [interquartile range]) with NAVA was significantly lower than with PSV (7.0 [6.4-8.6] vs. 6.5 [6.3-7.4] ml/kg predicted body weight, P < 0.05).Variability of insufflation airway pressure, tidal volume, and minute ventilation were significantly higher with NAVA than with PSV. Electrical activity of the diaphragm variability was significantly lower with NAVA than with PSV.

Conclusions

Compared with PSV, respiratory parameter variability was greater with NAVA, probably leading in part to the significant improvement in patient oxygenation.
Cryobacterium arcticum sp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium from an Arctic soil
Authors: Bajerski Felizitas , Ganzert Lars , Mangelsdorf Kai , Lipski André , Wagner Dirk
Published: September 2010

A psychrotolerant, Gram-stain-positive, yellow-pigmented, aerobic rod, designated SK1T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Store Koldewey, north-east Greenland. Cells were catalase- and methyl red-positive, produced H2S and produced acid from glucose, mannitol and salicin. Strain SK1T was able to grow between −6 and 28 °C, with an optimum at 20 °C. The isolate contained 2,4-diaminobutyrate, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid in the cell wall and the major menaquinones were MK-10 and MK-11. Identified polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (53.5 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.0 %) and C18 : 0 (12.1 %). The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.8 mol%. Strain SK1T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Cryobacterium psychrotolerans 0549T (97.6 %) and Cryobacterium roopkundense RuGl7T (96.8 %). Considering morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characters and phylogenetic analysis, strain SK1T represents a novel species in the genus Cryobacterium, for which the name Cryobacterium arcticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SK1T ( = DSM 22823T  = NCCB 100316T).
Nocardia endophytica sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the oil-seed plant Jatropha curcas L.
Authors: Xing Ke , Qin Sheng , Fei Shi-Min , Lin Qiang , Bian Guang-Kai , Miao Qian , Wang Yun , Cao Cheng-Liang , Tang Shu-Kun , Jiang Ji-Hong , Li Wen-Jun
Published: September 2010

A novel actinomycete, designated strain KLBMP 1256T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized stem of the oil-seed plant Jatropha curcas L. collected from Sichuan Province, south-west China, and was characterized to determine its taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate was closely related to members of the genus Nocardia in the family Nocardiaceae, being most closely related to Nocardia callitridis CAP 290T (98.4 % similarity) and Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (97.5 %). Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain KLBMP 1256T and the type strains of other recognized species of the genus Nocardia were less than 97 %. Chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of the new isolate to the genus Nocardia. However, the novel strain could be distinguished from its closest phylogenetic neighbour, N. callitridis CAP 290T, by a range of phenotypic properties. The combination of low DNA–DNA relatedness values and phenotypic differences from N. callitridis CAP 290T indicated that strain KLBMP 1256T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia endophytica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KLBMP 1256T ( = KCTC 19777T  = CCTCC AA 2010004T).
ArabidopsisLIM Proteins: A Family of Actin Bundlers with Distinct Expression Patterns and Modes of Regulation
Authors: Papuga Jessica , Hoffmann Céline , Dieterle Monika , Moes Danièle , Moreau Flora , Tholl Stéphane , Steinmetz André , Thomas Clément
Published: September 2010

Recently, a number of two LIM-domain containing proteins (LIMs) have been reported to trigger the formation of actin bundles, a major higher-order cytoskeletal assembly. Here, we analyzed the six Arabidopsis thaliana LIM proteins. Promoter-β-glucuronidase reporter studies revealed that WLIM1, WLIM2a, and WLIM2b are widely expressed, whereas PLIM2a, PLIM2b, and PLIM2c are predominantly expressed in pollen. LIM-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions all decorated the actin cytoskeleton and increased actin bundle thickness in transgenic plants and in vitro, although with different affinities and efficiencies. Remarkably, the activities of WLIMs were calcium and pH independent, whereas those of PLIMs were inhibited by high pH and, in the case of PLIM2c, by high [Ca2+]. Domain analysis showed that the C-terminal domain is key for the responsiveness of PLIM2c to pH and calcium. Regulation of LIM by pH was further analyzed in vivo by tracking GFP-WLIM1 and GFP-PLIM2c during intracellular pH modifications. Cytoplasmic alkalinization specifically promoted release of GFP-PLIM2c but not GFP-WLIM1, from filamentous actin. Consistent with these data, GFP-PLIM2c decorated long actin bundles in the pollen tube shank, a region of relatively low pH. Together, our data support a prominent role of Arabidopsis LIM proteins in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization and dynamics in sporophytic tissues and pollen.
Unsteady wake measurements behind an airfoil and prediction of dynamic stall from the wake
Authors: Sadeghi Hamed , Mani Mahmoud , Hossein Karimian S.M.
Published: September 2010

Purpose

The primary purpose of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of the unsteady flow field in the wake of Eppler‐361 airfoil undergoing harmonic pitch oscillation in both pre‐stall and post‐stall regimes.

Design/methodology/approach

Experimental measurements were carried out to study the characteristics of the unsteady flow field within the wake of an airfoil. All of the experiments were conducted in a low‐speed wind tunnel, and the velocity field was measured by a hot‐wire anemometry. The airfoil was given a harmonic pitching motion about its half chord axis at two reduced frequencies of 0.091 and 0.273. All experimental data were taken at the oscillation amplitude of 8°. During the experiments, the mean angle of attack was altered from 2.5 to 10° that this made it possible to study the wake in both pre‐stall and post‐stall regimes.

Findings

From the results, it can be concluded that different velocity profiles are formed in the wake at different phase angles. In addition, the hysteresis of the velocity field in the wake is captured between increasing and decreasing incidences. It is also found that the velocity field in the wake is strongly affected by the operating conditions of the airfoil, e.g. mean angle of attack, reduced frequency and instantaneous angle of attack. Huge variations in the profiles of the wake are observed at high instantaneous angles of attack when the mean angle of attack is 10°, i.e. when the airfoil experiences significant oscillations beyond the static stall. It is concluded that this is due to dynamic stall phenomenon.

Practical implications

Findings of the present study give valuable information, which can be used to characterize wakes of micro air vehicles, helicopter's rotor blades, and wind turbine blades. In addition to this, present findings can be used to predict dynamic stall of the above applications.

Originality/value

The paper is the first to investigate the unsteady wake of Eppler‐361 airfoil and to predict the dynamic stall phenomenon of this airfoil.
Models, definitions, and outcome variables of action learning
Authors: Chenhall Everon C. , Chermack Thomas J.
Published: September 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose an integrated model of action learning based on an examination of four reviewed action learning models, definitions, and espoused outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

A clear articulation of the strengths and limitations of each model was essential to developing an integrated model, which could be applied to Lynham's general method of theory‐building research in applied disciplines. The paper examined common themes according to the model structure, methods, and methodologies. The four models selected for this review were Gregory's Group Action Learning Process Model, Paton's Systemic Action Learning Cycle, Paton's Systemic Action Learning Spiral, and Watkins and Marsick's Continuous Learning Model.

Findings

A comparison of the key variations in the definitions of action learning and desired outcomes explained differences in model designs. HRD practitioners need a better understanding of the variables that affect the outcomes of action learning through exploring learning transfer issues and through testing multiple methodologies. Similarly, the integrated model was designed to indicate how change takes place within an organization, dictated by either internal or external factors. A description of the construction of the integrated model is provided.

Research limitations/implications

Owing to the disconnect between the conceptual development and application phases of theory‐building research, more empirical evidence is needed to support the connection between action learning models and methodologies and desired outcomes. The integrated model was designed from a systems perspective with particular emphasis on soft systems in the problem and analysis phases to illustrate the role of organizational modeling of the relationships among members, processes, and the internal and external environment. HRD practitioners could re‐examine their decision making, particularly in approaching large‐scale change. HRD practitioners could document their specific approaches to action learning, including a combination of action research methods and soft systems methodologies. A comparison of outcomes versus the methodologies could be made.

Originality/value

The objective of the integrated action learning model is to improve decision making related to facilitating change from an HRD perspective, given the theories and principles underlying each model. The integrated model could serve as the basis for gaining new knowledge about critical systems theory and action research as it relates to action learning and change facilitation. It is the paper's intent that the proposed integrated model will spur further theory‐building research in employing action learning as an organizational change intervention.
Using Google Wave and Docs for group collaboration
Authors: Riley‐Huff Debra A.
Published: September 2010

Purpose

This paper aims to discuss how to use Google Wave and Docs as a group collaboration tool. Group and team projects can be stressful, particularly when distance and deadlines are part of the scenario. Using Google Wave and Docs can help everyone maintain access to the project anywhere and anytime. This paper also seeks to describe and suggest ways to use Google tools to keep documents organized and communications flowing well. It also aims to discuss using Google tools as part of project management.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses a series of cases studies in which the author has been directly involved. The case studies are accompanied by tips.

Findings

The paper reveals that the use of Google Wave and Docs for group collaboration can be very successful.

Practical implications

Collaboration teams can possibly save time and energy with Google tools.

Originality/value

Many groups are interested in how they can actually use Google Wave to collaborate. The paper includes case studies to illuminate some possibilities.
Strategic resource or ideal source? Discourse, organizational change and CSR
Authors: Kemp Deanna , Keenan Julia , Gronow Jane
Published: September 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine how discourse used as a strategic resource can facilitate change in gender and corporate social responsibility (CSR) policy and practice in a global mining company.

Design/methodology/approach

An existing model of discourse and organizational change was applied to illuminate the contours of a particular organizational change process. This paper draws on empirical data in the form of talk and text in oral and written form.

Findings

The research highlights the challenge of finding the right balance between organizational receptivity and resistance, so that discursive boundaries around gender and CSR can be contested and challenged, but where new concepts and subjectivities are not rejected before they have an opportunity to generate shared meaning within the organization. Findings confirm that the involvement of a range of company personnel, particularly from the operational level, is important for generating knowledge and shared meaning, which can lead to enactment. This aligns with observations made in this journal that the management of meaning as opposed to management of change provides a useful analytical and practical focus.

Originality/value

The paper analyses one of the first attempts by a global mining company to articulate a change agenda for gender and community relations within a CSR framework. Unique insights into the internal world of a global mining company and CSR change processes are provided. The paper utilizes a well‐articulated model that facilitates a discursive analysis of organizational change to advance knowledge and understanding.
Value‐creation initiatives in buyer‐seller relationships
Authors: Hammervoll Trond , Toften Kjell
Published: September 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify and explore important value‐creation initiatives in buyer‐seller relationships (BSRs).

Design/methodology/approach

Following a literature review and the presentation of an appropriate conceptual framework, an exploratory study of 14 BSRs in a variety of European industries is undertaken using in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with key informants.

Findings

The findings justify a distinction being drawn between two types of value‐creation initiatives: those that are important in transaction‐based arrangements (in which efficiency is paramount); and those that are important in interaction‐based relationships (in which effectiveness is paramount). Of the ten value‐creation initiatives identified in the literature review, seven were found to be of importance in the BSRs of the present sample.

Research limitations/implications

Despite genuine attempts to select a heterogeneous sample, most of the data did come from sellers. Future studies could look more deeply into buyer data to explore these issues in BSRs.

Practical implications

The paper provides managers with practical guidance on the selection of appropriate value‐creation initiatives in various types of BSRs.

Originality/value

The paper reports the first known empirical study of value‐creation initiatives in BSRs.
Challenges of sustainable recovery processes in tsunami affected communities
Authors: Wiek Arnim , Ries Robert , Thabrew Lanka , Brundiers Katja , Wickramasinghe Anoja
Published: September 2010

Purpose

Sustainable housing and community recovery processes in the aftermath of tsunamis have to cope with direct impacts, such as fatalities, destroyed buildings, and loss of economic assets, as well as indirect impacts caused by shortcomings in recovery management. Recent studies on post‐tsunami recovery tend to focus on direct impacts, ranging from monitoring to prevention studies. Less attention is paid to recovery as a complex bundle of multi‐agent processes causing subsequent problems.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper presents results from field studies evaluating post‐tsunami recovery processes in Sri Lanka against the concept of sustainable housing and community recovery. Semi‐structured observations and interviews were conducted on eight sites in the south‐western part of Sri Lanka during field visits 2005‐2006. The research involved beneficiaries and other citizens, representatives from government and administration, field workers (non‐governmental organizations), and scientists.

Findings

Empirical findings identify subsequent problems for specific capital forms, across different capital forms, and across different administrative levels. Moreover, critical issues refer to conceptualizing temporal horizons, comprehensive planning and decision making, stakeholders' involvement, and institutional embedding of recovery processes.

Originality/value

Against this empirical background, the paper indicates improvement potentials referring to literature on comprehensive and adaptive planning to address the sustainable recovery challenges identified. The paper provides guidance for researchers, decision makers, planners, and field workers engaged in post‐disaster sustainable development.
Food marketing in Irish schools
Authors: Kelly Colette , Clerkin Pauline , Nic Gabhainn Saoirse , Mulvihill Maureen
Published: September 2010

Purpose

Schools are thought to represent a growing marketing opportunity for food advertisers in many countries. Marketing of unhealthy food to children is linked to the increased prevalence of obesity worldwide. This paper aims to explore ways in which schools respond to commercial activity around food marketing.

Design/methodology/approach

A census survey in the Republic of Ireland was employed to investigate the extent of commercial activity in post‐primary schools in Ireland, with a focus on food marketing. School policies related to commercialism and promoting healthy living to children and respondents' attitudes to these issues were explored.

Findings

Food sales are a prevalent form of commercial activity in schools with 81.4 per cent operating shops or canteens that sell snacks, 44.7 per cent drinks vending machines and 28.0 per cent snack vending machines. A total of 38 per cent of schools reported that they accept for‐profit sponsorship and the primary reason was inadequate funding for equipment (91.6 per cent), especially sports equipment. The majority (87.3 per cent) agreed with establishing a national voluntary code of practice in relation to industry sponsorship, which is recommended by the Irish National Taskforce on Obesity. Few schools have policies that refer to commercial sponsorship (7.0 per cent), but schools would welcome receiving guidance and support in developing such policies.

Practical implications

The extent of commercial activity in schools and the possible effect on children and their families need to be disseminated widely. A mechanism for monitoring the type and volume of commercialism, and food marketing in particular, in schools in Ireland is necessary.

Originality/value

These findings provide a baseline to monitor the future direction of commercialism in Irish schools.
Accounting in the media
Authors: Samkin Grant
Published: September 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction and overview of the various papers in this special issue.

Design/methodology/approach

This takes the form of a discussion paper that explores a number of issues relating to accounting in the media.

Findings

The paper describes a variety of theoretical, methodological and empirical approaches used in the papers for this special issue. In addition, the paper suggests that although the media have provided a rich source of data that has informed accounting research, the use of media and media texts will remain a fertile area of research.

Practical implications

The portrayal of accounting in the media is of interest to accounting researchers, practitioners, trainees and auditors.

Originality/value

This special issue provides a range of examples of accounting in the media and sets an agenda for future research.
From operational efficiency to financial efficiency
Authors: Kanghwa Choi
Published: September 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to assess the conceptual relationship between operational, competitive market and financial performance of a company.

Design/methodology/approach

A model presented is designed on hand data envelopment analysis (DEA) and causal loop diagram (CLD).

Findings

Some of the paper's findings are that: a company which is located closer to the operational frontier will also be located closer to the market frontier; a company which is located closer to the market frontier will also be located closer to the financial frontier; the relationship of operational performance on financial performance is no weaker than that of market performance; firm‐specific financial risk is more influenced by such variables as quality, speed and flexibility than by cost‐related variables.

Originality/value

There are various papers about efficiency frontier analysis with DEA tools separately, but few about performance, market and financial frontier integrated using DEA and CLD. Unlike many quantitative papers, this paper uses DEA and CLD to analyze the conceptual relationship between operational, competitive market and financial performance of a company.
Security conscious AI‐planning‐based composition of semantic web services
Authors: Gholam Hassan Tabatabaei Sayed , Vahid Dastjerdi Amir , Wan Kadir Wan M.N. , Ibrahim Suhaimi , Sarafian Elahe
Published: September 2010

Purpose

Automated composition of semantic web services has become one of the recent critical issues in today's web environment. Despite the importance of artificial intelligence (AI)‐planning techniques for web service composition, previous works in that area do not address security issues, which is the focus of this paper. The purpose of this paper is to propose an approach to achieve security conscious composition of semantic web services.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed approach called security conscious composition of semantic web services (SCAIMO) is based on the prior work, i.e. AIMO. The AIMO is an effective approach for web service discovery and composition based on AI‐planning, web service modeling ontology (WSMO), and description logic (DL). In this paper, definitions of secure matchmaking and web service composition are formalized based on DLs. Moreover, security capabilities and constraint types in the proposed SCAIMO framework are presented.

Findings

This paper proposes a secure task matchmaker which is responsible for matching security conscious tasks with operators and methods based on WSMO and DL to support the proposed SCAIMO framework. In addition, the paper implements and evaluates the SCAIMO using a test case and the result shows that the approach can provide an applicable solution.

Originality/value

The key contribution of this paper encompasses the new framework to support security capabilities and constraints during composition of semantic web services as well as the new secure task matchmaker.
Corporate social reporting: empirical evidence from Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Veronica Siregar Sylvia , Bachtiar Yanivi
Published: September 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of board size, foreign ownership, firm size, profitability, and leverage on corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting and the possible effect of CSR reporting on a firm's future performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Annual reports were analyzed by content analysis method and multiple regression was used to test hypotheses.

Findings

Evidence was found that board size has a positive and non‐linear (quadratic and concave) relationship with CSR. This result confirms predictions that a larger board will be able to exercise better monitoring, but that too large a board will make the monitoring process ineffective. Firm size has a positive effect on CSR. This suggests that larger firms have more resources to devote to social activities and a larger asset base over which to spread the costs of social responsibility. They also face more pressure to disclose their social activities for various groups in society. Profitability and leverage, however, do not have significant influence. Little evidence was found of positive impact of CSR on future performance. This result could encourage firms to disclose their CSR activities because there seems to be a positive affect on future performance.

Research limitations/implications

The measure of CSR may involve subjective judgement and is only limited to annual reports.

Practical implications

The paper shows that it is important for a company to increase its awareness on corporate social activities and also its disclosure in the annual report.

Originality/value

The paper shows that board size has a positive and non‐linear effect on CSR, which has been rarely examined in previous research.
Is there a tactical level of business processes?
Authors: Henriksen Bjørnar , Andersen Bjørn
Published: September 2010

Purpose

As companies are facing an increased need for knowledge creation, innovation, improvement, and change, the processes that enable these matters should be identified. The purpose of this paper is to identify and find a way of classifying these processes.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper conducted literature studies to identify what could be the tactical processes. This has then been exemplified through a case study in the automotive industry where the focus has been on the formal process descriptions and how decisions and roles are distributed.

Findings

From the case study the paper can identify processes that could be classified as tactical, as they are not only “something between” the strategic and operational processes, but also different by nature, as they are related to certain dynamic elements of a company, such as knowledge creation, innovations and improvements.

Research limitations/implications

To some extent the research is based on formal descriptions in systems and documents from a case in the automotive industry. Interviews have been conducted but more cases and interviews would provide a better picture of the tactical processes and how they are designed and implemented.

Practical implications

The paper argues that there is a level of processes that could be classified as tactical as well as strategic and operational. These processes are increasingly important as they represent activities within R&D and improvement, which are important aspects of, for example, lean strategies. Design, responsibilities and ownership of these tactical processes are important strategic decisions.

Originality/value

The original value of the paper is that introducing the tactical level could facilitate the identification, analyses and decisions regarding the processes that play an increasingly important role in manufacturing strategies.