bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proses Keperawatan pada Area Gawat Darurat
Authors: Septiani Syifahanun
Published: October 2020

Proses keperawatan adalah aktivitas yang mempunyai maksud yaitu praktik keperawatan yang dilakukan dengan cara yang sistematik. Selama melaksanakan proses keperawatan, perawat menggunakan dasar pengetahuan yang komprehensif untuk mengkaji status kesehatan klien, membuat penilaian yang bijaksana dan mendiagnosa, mengidentifikasi hasil akhir kesehatan klien dan merencanakan, menerapkan dan mengevaluasi tindakan keperawatan yang tepat guna mencapai hasil akhir tersebut (Dermawan, 2012)Proses keperawatan sebagai alat bagi perawat untuk melaksanakan asuhan keperawatan yang dilakukan pada pasien memiliki arti penting bagi kedua belah pihak yaitu perawat dan klien. Sebagai seorang perawat proses keperawatan dapat digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam pemecahan masalah klien, dapat menunjukkan profesi yang memiliki profesionalitas yang tinggi, serta dapat memberikan kebebasan kepada klien untuk mendapatkan pelayanan yang cukup sesuai dengan kebutuhannya.Sehingga dapat dirasakan manfaatnya baik dari perawat maupun klien, manfaat tersebut antara lain dapat meningkatkan kemandirian pada perawat dalam melaksanakan tugasnya karena didalam proses keperawatan terdapat metode ilmiah keperawatan yang berupa langkah-langkah proses keperawatan, akan dapat meningkatkan kepercayaan diri perawat dalam melaksanakan tugas.Karena klien akan merasakan kepuasan setelah dilakukan asuhan keperawatan dengan pendekatan proses keperawatan, akan dapat selalu meningkatkan kemampuan intelektual dan teknikal dalam tindakan keperawatan karena melalui proses keperawatan dituntut mampu memecahkan masalah yang baru sesuai dengan masalah yang dialami klien, sehingga akan timbul perasaan akan kepuasan kerja.Dengan proses keperawatan, rasa tanggung jawab dan tanggung gugat bagi perawat itu dapat dimiliki dan dapat digunakan dalam tindakan-tindakan yang merugikan atau menghindari tindakan yang legal. Semua tatanan perawatan kesehatan secara hukum perlu mencatat observasi keperawatan, perawatan yang diberikan, dan respons pasien.Berfungsi sebagai alat komunikasi dan sumber untuk membantu dalam menentukan keefektifan perawatan dan untuk membantu menyusun prioritas keperawatan berkesinambungan.
faktor yang berhubungan dengan pengambilan keputusan untuk ber-KB
Authors: ginting khairunnisa
Published: October 2020

Keluarga Berencana (KB) merupakan suatu program pemerintah yang dirancang untuk menyeimbangkan antara kebutuhan dan jumlah penduduk. Program keluarga berencana oleh pemerintah adalah agar keluarga sebagai unit terkecil kehidupan bangsa diharapkan menerima Norma Keluarga Kecil Bahagia dan Sejahtera (NKKBS) yang berorientasi pada pertumbuhan yang seimbang. Gerakan Keluarga Berencana Nasional Indonesia telah berumur sangat lama yaitu pada tahun 70-an dan masyarakat dunia menganggap berhasil menurunkan angka kelahiran yang bermakna.
Hubungan Perawat Dalam Pengambilan Sebuah Keputusan Klinis
Authors: Harahap Tsaqila nadhifa
Published: October 2020

Perawat merupakan tenaga profesional yang bertanggung jawab dalam memberikan proses keperawatan kepada klien. Berdasarkan hal tersebut perawat harus mampu mengambil keputusan klinis sebagai upaya membantu pasien dalam memecahkan masalah dan menemukan jalan keluar dari seap masalah keperawatan yang dialami pasien. Perawat selalu dihadapkan dengan berbagai masalah klinis dalam memberikan perawatan terhadap pasien. Perawat yang profesional tentu saja akan mampu mengambil keputusan klinis agar masalah pasien dapat diatasi dengan cepat dan tepat. Kurangnya kemampuan perawat dalam mengambil keputusan dalam situasi yang kris tentu saja akan membahayakan pasien dan menimbulkan kerugian bagi pasien, diantaranya pasien akan terlambat untuk mendapatkan bantuan hidup, kondisi pasien akan semakin memburuk dan akibat yang paling fatal adalah kemaan (Poer & Perry, 2009).
The Eps15 homology (EH) domain-containing protein 3, EHD3 is differentially expressed in the brains of patients with schizophrenia.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2020

Visual and auditory hallucinations are a cardinal feature of psychotic disorders (1). We mined published and public microarray datasets (2, 3) to discover differentially expressed genes in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding the Eps15 homology (EH) domain-containing protein 3, EHD3 in neurons of the dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex from patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.
FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DALAM DOKUMENTASI KEPERAWATAN
Authors: Syafriningsih Dwi
Published: October 2020

ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Dokumentasi keperawatan tidak hanya mencerminkan kualitas perawatan saja tetapi membuktikan pertanggunggugatan setiap tim keperawatan. Metode: Metode ini bersifat subjektif, yaitu proses penelitian yang lebih fokus pada landasan teori. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah Literature review. Hasil: Dari penelitian beberapa literature, perawat yang berusia lebih dari 28 tahun melakukan pendokumentasian dengan lengkap sebesar 61,3% dibandingkan dengan perawat yang berusia kurang dari 28 tahun. Pembahasan: Dalam pelaksanaan dokumentasi asuhan keperawatan sangat dipengaruhi oleh perilaku perawat itu sendiri, dimana perilaku dipengaruhi oleh tiga faktor yaitu faktor predisposing yang terwujud dalam pengetahuan, sikap, keperacayaan, keyakinan, nilai-nilai.
Gambaran Pengambilan Keputusan dalam Asuhan Keperawatan
Authors: Agave
Published: October 2020

Penilaian dan keputusan sangat dibutuhkan untuk mendapatkan kualitas pelayanan yang optimal. Pemberian asuhan keperawatan harus berdasarkan nilai-nilai dan etika yang dianut oleh klien dan nilai-nilai professional asuhan keperawatan.
AMONG THE MINISTERS OF THE MAHDI
Authors: Ali Abdella Yimam
Published: October 2020

This paper presents the collection of hadiths of the Prophet (p.b.u.h) that describes one of the ministers of the Mahdi aleyhiselam.
MENENTUKAN ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN DAN RENCANA TINDAKAN KEPERAWATAN DI RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: ardiansyah muhammad anggi
Published: October 2020

Perencanaan merupakan usaha sadar dan pengambilan keputusan yang telah diperhitungkan secara matang-matang tentang hal-hal yang akan dikerjakan di masa depan oleh organisasi dalam rangka pencapaian tujuan yang telah ditentukan
PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN SEBAGAI SUATU PROSES
Authors: Sahputri Ade Herawati
Published: October 2020

Setiap manusia memiliki tujuan yang akan dicapai. Tetapi dalam mencapai sebuah tujuan pasti selalu ada masalah.yang harus diputuskan. Pengambilan keputusan adalah proses pemilihan alternatif terbaik untuk pemecahan suatu masalah melalui metode dan teknik tertentu. Metode dan teknik proses pengambilan keputusan yang dimaksud dalam adalah: 1) perumusan masalah, 2) penentuan kriteria pemecahan masalah, 3) pengidentifikasian alternatif pemecahan masalah, 4) penilaian terhadap alternatif pemecahan masalah, 5) pemilihan alternatif yang terbaik, 6) penetapan keputusan atau pengimplementasian alternatif yang dipilih.
ANALISI JURNAL
Authors: P Matandung
Published: October 2020

Gereja yang benar seharusnya menjalankan tugasnya sebagai pembawa damai, hal ini bisa dilakukan jika gereja menjadi bagian dari konteks. Namun jika gereja diasingkan oleh konteks artinya ada maslah yang harus diselesaikan di dalam gereja itu. Gereja Kristen Jawa Tengah Utara (GKJTU), dengan gereja lain di Jawa mengalami keterasingan dari konteks, hal ini terjadi karena ada persoalan identitas Hybrid gereja.
PEMBERSIHAN MASJID DAN HALAMAN DUSUN DI DESA BONTOMATE'NE KEC. TURATEA
Authors: sumarno
Published: October 2020

Kuliah Kerja Lapang Plus (KKLP) merupakan suatu kegiatan perkuliahan yang bersifat intrakurikuler dalam bentuk pengabdian pada masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat dalam waktu tertentu. oleh karena, sifatnya intrakurikuler sehingga setiap mahasiswa yang akan menyelesaikan studi di perguruan tinggi pada suatu program strata satu (SI) harus mengikuti KKLP.
PENGARUH PERENCANAAN PULANG TERHADAP KEPUASAN PASIEN DI RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Lubis Nur Ainii
Published: October 2020

Keperawatan menurut hasil Lokakarya Nasional keperawatan tahun 1983 adalah suatubentuk pelayanan keperawatan profesional yang merupakan bagian integral dari pelayanankesehatan berdasarkan ilmu dan kiat keperawatan berbentuk pelayanan bio psiko sosiospiritual yang konprehensif,ditujukan kepada individu,keluarga dan masyarakat baik sakitmaupun sehat yang mencakup seluruh proses kehiupan manusia.Peran optimal perawat dalam melakukan kepuasan pasien telah berkembang danmengarah pada tuntutan akan pengetahuan,sikap dan keterampilan yang adekuat untukmendukung gerakan keselamtan pasien.Sikap merupakan kesiapan atau kesediaan perawatdalam melaksanakan tindakan keperawatan dan bukan merupakan pelaksanaan motiftertentu.Perawat diharapkan mampu bertanggung jawab atas segala sesuatuyang telahdipilihnya dengan segala resiko dan merupakan sikap yang paling tinggi.Salah satu hakpasien yang harus dipenuhi adalah hak memperoleh keamanan dan keselamatan dirinyaselama perawatan di rumah sakit ( UU No.44/2009 pada pasal 32 tentang rumah sakit).
Pengambilan Keputusan Klinis Perawat Rumah Sakit
Authors: Hasibuan Ananda Namora
Published: October 2020

Latar belakang : Hubungan perawat klien adalah dasar dari praktik keperawatan yang berfokus pada pasien (patient centered care). Keterlibatan pasien merupakan inti dari proses keperawatan, sehingga partisipasi pasien dalam proses keperawatan menjadi penting dalam penentuan kualitas dan efektifitas dalam pelayanan asuhan keperawatan.Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui pengambilan keputusan klinis perawat rumah sakitMetode : Metode yang dipakai untuk kajian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan literature yang berasal dari buku, jurnal online, artikel ilmiah tentang pengambilan keputusan klinis.Hasil : Menurut penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Panggabean, 2019 kemampuan berfikir kritis perawat dalam pengambilan keputusan klinis berhubungan erat dengan kemampuan berfikir kritis perawat dengan nilai p=0,026 dan juga menurut Khairina, 2018 pengalaman kerja mempunyai hubungan erat dengan kemampuan pengambilan keputusan klinis dengan nilai p value 0,012. Pembahasan : pengambilan keputusan klinis merupakan bagian dari proses keperawatan dimana dalam pengambilan keputusannya harus melibatkan klien Definisi lain dijelaskan bahwa pengambilan keputusan klinis keperawatan merupakan serangkaian keputusan yang dibuat oleh perawat, dalam interaksi dengan klien mengenai pengkajian yang didapat dari klien, evaluasi data yang diamati, variasi diagnosa yang muncul serta tindakan keperawatan yang harus diambilKata Kunci : Perawat, Keputusan, Pendukung
"DOKUMENTASI KEPERAWATAN UNTUK MENCEGAH KESALAHAN DALAM PEMBERIAN ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN"
Authors: nisfu
Published: October 2020

Menurut Piharjo, dokumentasi keperawatan adalah suatu hal yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dalam melaksanakan asuhan keperawatan. Dokumentasi keperawatan adalah bukti tertulis dari kegiatan yeng telah dilakukan oleh perawat. Dokumentasi keperawatan menggambarkan keadaan pasien, perkembangan pasien, pemberian asuhan keperawatan yang telah diberikan, dan mencatat riwayat kesehatan pasien. Dokumentasi keperawatan memuat informasi pembicaraan antara staf pemberi perawatan dengan pasien. Dokumentasi keperawatan merupakan tugas dan tanggung jawab perawat setelah melakukan intervensi keperawatan. Pendokumentasian adalah bagian terpenting dalam proses asuhan keperawatan. Dengan adanya pendokumentasian keperawatan, maka hal tersebut menjadi media komunikasi efektif antar profesi dalam suatu tim pemberi layanan kesehatan dalam memberikan tindakan kepada pasien. Dokumentasi keperawatan terdiri dari :1) Keterampilan berkomunikasi agar mampu melakukan pengumpulan data dan menciptakan hubungan baik antara perawat dan klien dalam pemecahan masalah pada klien. 2) Dokumentasi proses keperawatan yang menjadi metode pemecahan suatu masalah secara sistimatis sesuai kaidah keperawanan.3) Standar dokumentasi yang dapat memberikan informasi pernyataan kualitas dan kuantitas dokumentasi untuk memperkuat pola pendokumentasian keperawatan. Dokumentasi keperawatan merupakan bukti tertulis yang diberikan oleh tenaga keperawatan kepada pasien untuk mencegah terjadinya kesalahan dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan. Kesalahn dalam proses dokumentasi keperawatan juga dapat menurunkan mutu keperawatan. Dengan adanya dokumentasi keperawatan maka asuhan keperawatan dapat diberikan dengan cepat dan tepat.
KEMAMPUAN PERAWAT DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN KEPERAWATAN
Authors: Syahla Nada
Published: October 2020

Perawat merupakan tenaga profesional yang bertanggung jawab dalam memberikan proses keperawatan kepada klien. Berdasarkan hal tersebut perawat harus mampu mengambil keputusan klinis sebagai upaya membantu pasien dalam memecahkan masalah dan menemukan jalan keluar dari setiap masalah keperawatan yang dialami klien. Metode : Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini yaitu metode literature review. Metode ini mengeksplorasi dan menganalisis pada jurnal dan ebook yang didalamnya berisi penjelasan berfokus pada teori Kemampuan Perawat dalam Pengambilan keputusan Keperawatan.Hasil : Berdasarkan hasil dari literature, didapatkan bahwa perawat merupakan komponen penting dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan khususnya dalam pengambilan keputusan. Pemgambilan keputusan dilakukan pada setiap tindakan dan proses keperawatan.Pembahasan : Pengambilan keputusan klinik keperawatan merupakan suatu proses penilaian yang dilakukan oleh perawat setiap hari terhadap proses pelayanan keperawatan yang diberikan kepada pasien. Pengambilan keputusan yang baik yang diambil oleh perawat akan mendukung kualitas perawatan yang diberikan kepada pasien Kesimpulan : Kemampuan dalam membuat keputusan oleh perawat sangat penting dalam proses asuhan keperawatan. Seorang perawat harus memiliki pengetahuan dan juga keterampilan dalam membuat keputusan kepada pasien.
Faktor- Faktor Pengambilan Keputusan Klinis Perawat di Ruang IGD
Authors: Pasaribu Yohana
Published: October 2020

Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) umumnya memberikan pelayanan perawatan pada pasienselama 24 jam setiap harinya. Jumlah kunjungan pasien ke IGD pada beberapa tahun terakhirmengalami peningkatan. Pada tahun 1994 terdapat 93 juta kunjungan dan pada tahun 2005sebanyak 115 juta kunjungan (Tsai, C, 2009). Kunjungan pasien ini semakin meningkat tajampada tahun 2011 dengan jumlah pasien lebih dari 131 juta (Weiss, et al, 2014). Peningkatanjumlah kunjungan ini dapat mengakibatkan pelayanan di IGD menjadi overcrowded (VanGerven, et al. 2001, Roukema, et al. 2006, Van der Wulp, et al. 2008) dan mengganggu kualitaspelayanan (National Center for Health Statistics (U.S), 2004). Jumlah pasien yang tidak bisadiprediksi ini datang ke IGD dengan berbagai macam kondisi yang meliputi kondisi mengancamnyawa, urgensi maupun cedera atau sakit ringan. Proses pengambilan keputusan klinismerupakan komponen penting dalam proses keperawatan (Diana Catarina, 2009), sehinggadibutuhkan kemampuan perawatan karena Keterbatasan pengetahuan dan kemampuan yangdimiliki perawat dapat menghambat perawat dalam mengambil keputusan mengenai perawatanyang akan diberikan kepada klien yang akan berakibat fatal terhadap klien (Kozier et al, 2010).
Konsep Perencanaan Keperawatan dalam Asuhan Keperawatan
Authors: Angeline Florence
Published: October 2020

Perenacanaan keperawatan sangat diperlukan dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan.Ini dikarenakan dalam setiap tindakan yang akan dilakukan perawat sudah menyusun rencana keperawatan terlebih dahulu agar pada saat implementasi tidak salah.Perawat perlu menyiapkan hal ini untuk memberikan pelayanan yang baik bagi pasien. keperawatan perawat pelaksana sudah sangat baik dalam melakukan pengumpulan data, pengelompokan data, menganalisis data guna merumuskan diagnosis keperawatan.Hal tersebut dikarenakan perawat ruangan sangat paham mengenai pengkajian keperawatan maupun prosesnya.Rencana keperawatan merupakan metode komunikasi tentang asuhan keperawatan kepada klien. Menurut asumsi peneliti perawat telah melakukan perencanaan keperawatan, menentukan tujuan, dan telah memilih intervensi yang baik untuk mencapai tujuan keperawatan.
A Billion-Dollar Donation: Estimating the Cost of Researchers' Time Spent on Peer Review
Authors: Aczel Balazs , Szaszi Barnabas , Holcombe Alex O.
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe amount and value of researchers’ peer review work is critical for academia and publishing. However, it is rarely recognized, its magnitude is unknown, and alternative ways of organizing peer review labor are rarely considered.MethodsIn this paper, we provide an estimate of researchers’ time and the salary-based contribution to the peer-review system, using publicly available data. ResultsWe found that the total time reviewers globally worked on peer reviews was over 100 million hours in 2019, equivalent to over 12 thousand years. The estimated monetary value of the time US-based reviewers spent on reviews was over 1.1 billion USD in 2019. For China-based reviewers, the estimate is over 600 million USD, and for UK-based, over 200 million USD. ConclusionsWhile these results are only rough estimates, they highlight the enormous amount of work and time that researchers provide to the publication system, and the importance of considering alternative ways of structuring, and paying for, peer review. We foster this process by discussing some alternative models that aim to improve the return on investment of scholarly publishing.
Strategic Regulation of Empathy
Authors: Weisz Erika , Cikara Mina
Published: October 2020

Empathy is an integral part of socio-emotional well-being, yet recent research has highlighted some of its downsides. Here we examine literature that establishes when, how much, and what aspects of empathy promote specific outcomes. After reviewing a theoretical framework which characterizes empathy as a suite of separable components, we examine evidence showing how dissociations of these components affect important socio-emotional outcomes and describe emerging evidence suggesting that these components can be independently and deliberately modulated. Finally, we advocate for a new approach to a multi-component view of empathy which accounts for the interrelations among components. This perspective advances scientific conceptualization of empathy and offers suggestions for tailoring empathy to help people realize their social, emotional, and occupational goals.
Comparing perceptual category learning across modalities in the same individuals
Authors: Roark Casey L , Paulon Giorgio , Sarkar Abhra , Chandrasekaran Bharath
Published: October 2020

This is a pre-print of the manuscript published in Psychonomic Bulletin & Review: Roark, C. L., Paulon, G., Sarkar, A., & Chandrasekaran, B. (2021). Comparing perceptual category learning across modalities in the same individuals. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-021-01878-0. Category learning is a fundamental process in human cognition that spans the senses. However, much still remains unknown about the mechanisms supporting learning in different modalities. In the current study, we directly compared auditory and visual category learning in the same individuals. Thirty participants (22 F; 18-32 years old) completed two unidimensional rule-based category learning tasks in a single day—one with auditory stimuli and another with visual stimuli. We replicated the results in a second experiment with a larger online sample (N = 99, 45 F, 18-35 years old). The categories were identically structured in the two modalities to facilitate comparison. We compared categorization accuracy, decision processes as assessed through drift-diffusion models, and the generalizability of resulting category representation through a generalization test. We found that individuals learned auditory and visual categories to similar extents and that accuracies were highly correlated across the two tasks. Participants had similar evidence accumulation rates in later learning, but early on had slower rates for visual than auditory learning. Participants also demonstrated differences in the decision thresholds across modalities. Participants had more categorical generalizable representations for visual than auditory categories. These results suggest that some modality-general cognitive processes support category learning but also suggest that the modality of the stimuli may also affect category learning behavior and outcomes.
Validation and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOs）
Authors: Li Yanyu , Huang Yi-Ting , Dou Kai
Published: October 2020

The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the original 10-item version of the Fear of Missing Out scale (FoMOs) to validate it for use among Chinese adolescents and emerging adults. A convenient sample of 2886 subjects (Mage =14.79, SD = 4.03; 47.96% male) was recruited in South China. Item analysis, EFA, CFA, testing of measurement invariance across gender and age, reliability analysis, and concurrent validity analysis were conducted. A subsample of 154 subjects (Mage = 15.3, SD = 2.22; 54% male) completed the scale again after 6 months to assess the test-retest reliability. The EFA strongly indicated a two-dimensional solution, including fear of missing novel information and fear of missing social opportunities, for the Chinese version of the FoMOs, which the CFA confirmed. Adequate internal consistency was found. Concurrent validity was also demonstrated. Based on the results, the Chinese version of the FoMOs is suitable for use among Chinese young people.
EMDR as therapy for conditions other than PTSD: a systematic review.
Authors: Scelles Charles , BULNES LUIS CARLO
Published: October 2020

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a treatment for post-traumatic stressdisorder (PTSD). The technique is known to stimulate the capacity to reprocess maladaptive memoriesthat are thought to be central to this pathology. Here we investigate if EMDR therapy can be used in otherconditions than PTSD. We conducted a systematic literature search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science. Wesearched for published empirical findings on EMDR, excluding those centred on trauma and PTSD,published up to 2020. The results were classified by psychiatric categories.   Ninety articles met our research criteria. A positive effect was reported in addictions, somatoformdisorders, sexual dysfunction, eating disorder, disorders of adult personality, mood disorders, reaction tosevere stress, anxiety disorders, performance anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), pain,neurodegenerative disorders, paedopsychiatry and sleep. The evidence was more consistent in pain, OCD,mood disorders, and reaction to severe stress.EMDR’s efficiency across numerous pathological situations, highlighted the central role of affectivememory in several psychiatric and non-psychiatric conditions. Furthermore, EMDR seems to besuccessful in usually uncooperative (e.g. Dementia) or unproductive cases (e.g. aphasia). Moreover, insome severe medical situations were psychologic distress was an obstacle, EMDR allowed thecontinuation of treatment-as-usual. Our review suggests that it is a safe and economical therapeuticoption, and its effect in non-pathological situations opens new avenues for translational research. Overallmore methodologically rigorous studies are needed.
Processing of irony in text: A systematic review of eye tracking studies
Authors: Olkoniemi Henri , Kaakinen Johanna K.
Published: October 2020

Theoretical models of irony comprehension pose different hypotheses about the time-course of resolving ironic interpretation of an utterance, and propose several context-, phrase- and reader-related factors that influence the ease or difficulty of processing irony. In recent years, these factors have been examined using eye tracking, which allows a detailed analysis of time-course of reading processes. In this paper, we present a meta-analysis of the eye tracking studies on irony, and then present a systematic review of the factors that have been shown to influence the time-course of irony processing. The review will point to future directions in how eye tracking could best be applied to further develop the current theoretical views.
Auditory and visual category learning in musicians and non-musicians
Authors: Roark Casey L , Smayda Kirsten , Chandrasekaran Bharath
Published: October 2020

This is a pre-print of the manuscript in press in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General: Roark, C. L., Smayda, K.E., & Chandrasekaran, B. (in press). Across three experiments, we compare the ability of amateur musicians and non-musicians in learning artificial auditory and visual categories that can be described as either rule-based (RB) or information-integration (II) category structures. RB categories are optimally learned using a reflective reasoning process, whereas II categories are optimally learned by integrating information from two stimulus dimensions at a reflexive, pre-decisional processing stage. We found that musicians have selective advantages for learning auditory RB categories, specifically when they are instructed about the dimensions that define the categories. In Experiment 1, musicians enrolled in a music college demonstrated advantages over non-musicians in learning auditory RB categories defined on frequency and duration dimensions but did not demonstrate differences in learning auditory II categories or either visual RB or II categories. In Experiment 2, a broader online sample of musicians who were not instructed about the dimensions did not demonstrate any advantage in auditory or visual learning. In Experiment 3, an online sample of musicians when given dimension instructions demonstrated early advantages over non-musicians for auditory RB but not visual RB categories. Musicians do not demonstrate a global categorization advantage. Musicians’ category learning advantage is limited to their modality of expertise, is enhanced with dimension instructions, and is specific to categories that can be described with verbalizable rules.
Investigating variability in morphological processing with Bayesian distributional models
Authors: Ciaccio Laura Anna , Veríssimo João
Published: October 2020

We investigated the processing of morphologically complex words adopting an approach that goes beyond estimating average effects and allows testing predictions about variability in performance. We tested masked morphological priming effects with English derived (‘printer’) and inflected (‘printed’) forms priming their stems (‘print’) in non-native speakers, a population that is characterized by large variability. We modelled reaction times with a shifted-lognormal distribution using Bayesian distributional models, which allow assessing effects of experimental manipulations on both the mean of the response distribution (‘mu’) and its standard deviation (‘sigma’). Our results show similar effects on mean response times for inflected and derived primes, but a difference between the two on the sigma of the distribution, with inflectional priming increasing response time variability to a significantly larger extent than derivational priming. This is in line with previous research on non-native processing, which shows more variable results across studies for the processing of inflected forms than for derived forms. More generally, our study shows that treating variability in performance as a direct object of investigation can crucially inform models of language processing, by disentangling effects which would otherwise be indistinguishable. We therefore emphasise the importance of looking beyond average performance and testing predictions on other parameters of the distribution rather than just its central tendency.
Levels of Personality Functioning Predicting Daily Affect Stress and Self-Efficacy
Authors: Heiland Ally M , Veilleux Jennifer
Published: October 2020

According to the DSM-5 alterative model of personality disorders (AMPD), severity of personality dysfunction theoretically involves deficits in identity, self-direction, empathy, and intimacy. We predicted that people with greater personality dysfunction would experience more problems in daily life, particularly problems associated with self-efficacy for engaging with affect and self-control (i.e., subjective willpower and distress intolerance), along with greater intensity of life stressors and higher perceived invalidation from others. Using ecological momentary assessment, participants (N = 99) were randomly prompted seven times a day for one week, where they were asked questions about momentary affect, their perceived level of momentary distress tolerance, and their momentary willpower. Each night they were also asked about stressors experienced that day and intensity of their subjective response to those stressors, and their daily experience of being invalidated. Results found that higher personality dysfunction, assessed at baseline, predicted greater daily negative affect, less daily positive affect, more intensely experienced stressors, and more perceived invalidation. We also found that personality dysfunction interacted with positive affect in predicting momentary self-efficacy and daily invalidation; people with greater personality dysfunction experienced lower momentary willpower, higher distress intolerance and stronger perceived invalidation alongside lower positive affect. These findings provide evidence that personality functioning influences daily life, as well as support the use of the AMPD in conceptualizing personality pathology
Face masks reduce emotion-recognition accuracy and perceived closeness
Authors: Grundmann Felix , Epstude Kai , Scheibe Susanne
Published: October 2020

Face masks became the symbol of the global fight against the coronavirus. While face masks’ medical benefits are clear, little is known about their psychological consequences. Drawing on theories of the social functions of emotions and rapid trait impressions, we tested hypotheses on face masks’ effects on emotion-recognition accuracy and social judgments (perceived trustworthiness, likability, and closeness). Our preregistered study with 191 German adults revealed that face masks diminish people’s ability to accurately categorize an emotion expression and make target persons appear less close. Exploratory analyses further revealed that face masks buffered the negative effect of negative (vs. non-negative) emotion expressions on perceptions of trustworthiness, likability, and closeness. Associating face masks with the coronavirus’ dangers predicted higher perceptions of closeness for masked but not for unmasked faces. By highlighting face masks’ effects on social functioning, our findings inform policymaking and point at contexts where alternatives to face masks are needed.
Investigating EFL Learners’ Awareness of Cognitive and Metacognitive Reading Strategies of Students in Different Disciplines
Authors: Ahmed Ruhina Mustajab
Published: October 2020

This research explores the awareness and use of cognitive and metacognitive reading strategies of Omani EFL (English as a Foreign Language) students studying different disciplines. The participants were three hundred and seventy-five Omani EFL first year diploma students studying biology, business, information technology, engineering, and English in a higher education institution in Oman. The study compared and contrasted strategy use across disciplines and examined the relationships among strategy preferences and discipline. Survey of Reading Strategies (SORS), a self-report questionnaire by Mokhtari and Sheorey (2002) was used to collect data. Statistical and descriptive analysis indicates that Omani EFL learner's most preferred category of reading strategies was cognitive strategies, followed by support strategies and metacognitive strategies. One-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) revealed no significant differences between students of the disciplines mentioned above in terms of strategy preferences for metacognitive, cognitive, and support strategies. The findings provide insight for curriculum developers and teachers towards the strategy preferences of Omani EFL students
Mutual Receptiveness to Opposing Views Bridges Ideological Divides in Network Formation
Authors: Reschke Brian Philip , minson julia , Bowles Hannah Riley , de Vaan Mathijs , Srivastava Sameer
Published: October 2020

We examine how an individual difference-receptiveness to opposing views-moderates the tendency for people to sort into ideologically homogeneous social groups. Although prior work has linked receptiveness to willingness to engage information from opposing ideological perspectives, its consequences for network formation have yet to be explored. Study 1 (N = 1,793) demonstrates in a lab setting that receptiveness is associated with forming relationships with ideologically opposed others. Yet preferences and relationship overtures are not always reciprocated. Study 2 (N = 599), a longitudinal field study conducted at three universities where students span the ideological spectrum, shows that individual receptiveness does not always translate into politically heterogeneous relationships. Instead, such relationships tend to form when two individuals are mutually receptive. Additionally, we find mutual receptiveness increases the likelihood that majority group members will initiate relationships with those in the minority. We discuss implications for research on personality and social networks.
An Observational Study on the Effects of Native English-Speaking Teachers and Non- Native English-Speaking Teachers on Students’ English Proficiency and Perceptions
Authors: Fuangkarn Keeratikan , Rimkeeratikul Sucharat
Published: October 2020

This study investigated the effects of Native English-Speaking Teachers (NEST) and Non-Native English-Speaking Teachers (NNEST) on students’ English proficiency and perceptions. The research methodology employed an observational study based using critical applied linguistic. Data collection was through a mixed method. The tools used were the Cambridge English: Key English Test (KET), classroom observation evaluation forms, and interviews. The participants consisted of 252 upper primary students from one private school in Chiang Mai, Thailand, during the academic year 2019. Results indicated that students’ English proficiency was increased significantly at .01 level in both groups. The gain score suggested that NNEST can make a higher gain score than NEST in all grade levels. Student’s answers show NNEST score a higher agreeability towards teachers’ teaching abilities, English abilities, and the creation of an engaging learning atmosphere over NEST. Classroom observations implemented by three English Learning Teachers confirmed the results that NNEST is more agreeable than NEST in teachers’ teaching ability and motivating learning atmospheres in classrooms. However, in teachers’ English skills, the experts’ perceptions were opposite that of the students. Lastly, the interviews with the students reflected three key aspects: their preferences of English teacher advantages, disadvantages, and strengths of both NNEST and NEST.
Global Solidarity, Global Worker Empowerment, and Global Strategy in the Anti-Sweatshop Movement
Authors: Williams Matthew
Published: October 2020

I explore the ideology of worker empowerment among US anti-sweatshop activists, particularly United Students Against Sweatshops, and its strategic consequences for transnational campaigns. This ideology is central in shaping the movement’s transnational strategy and organization, fostering communication and accountability, particularly to organizations representing sweatshop workers. Such organizational choices in turn shape how transnational networks strategize. For example, the anti-sweatshop movement rarely uses the familiar tactic of boycotts, due to opposition from workers. The more empowered sweatshop workers at in such networks, the more informed decisions their allies can make, and the more strategically effective the movement can be.
The Functions of Code-switching in the Interaction of the Cartoon Characters in Dora the Explorer
Authors: Alaiyed Majedah Abdullah
Published: October 2020

This paper investigates code-switching from Standard Arabic into English in six episodes of the TV cartoon series Dora the Explorer. The significance of this study is that it will provide an in-depth understanding of the strategies and structures of code-switching used to address children in order to teach them English. The study addresses two research questions: 1) What are the patterns of code-switching found in the interaction of the cartoon characters in Dora the Explorer? 2) What is the function of code-switching in each pattern? Quantitative analysis was used to analyze the frequency of each pattern of code-switching, while qualitative analysis was used to determine the functions of code-switching. The results show several patterns of code-switching into English: code-switching from Arabic to English without translation; Arabic lexical items followed by an English translation; English lexical items followed by an Arabic translation; translation from Arabic into English in two turns; and metadiscursive code-switching. English lexical items are introduced through code-switching in each episode. English words without translation account for the highest percentage of code-switching. In the code-switching to English, some English units are permanent, while some are context units that depend on the episode topic: these include basic formulaic and non-formulaic expressions. Lexical items for greeting, appreciation, and evaluation are the most frequent pragmatic functions of code-switching. Further research is recommended on code-switching in other TV animated series in other languages to determine the patterns of code-switching and the part of speech that is the focus of switching.
Introducing Socrative as a Tool for Formative Assessment in Saudi EFL Classrooms
Authors: Alharbi Ameera Saeed , Meccawy Zilal
Published: October 2020

As one of the most popular Online Student Response Systems (OSRSs), Socrative is defined as a web-based platform that can be accessed using any browser that is connected to the Internet (Mork, 2014). In an attempt to guide EFL teachers on their journey towards transforming their traditional paper-based formative assessment into using electronic tools, this study seeks to present the expectations and attitudes of Saudi female learners towards the use of mobile-based formative assessment. The study aims to investigate the attitudes of EFL learners towards the use of mobile-based tests in English classes using Socrative as a model for assessment. For this purpose, 35 female students completed all three stages of the experiment; initial survey, Socrative quiz, post-experiment survey. The participants are enrolled in one of the courses of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) offered by the Preparatory Year Program at a Saudi state university. The findings of the study indicate that almost half of the participants preferred paper-based over mobile-based tests in the pre-experiment survey; after the experiment, however, the students changed their preferences in favor of mobile-based tests. The study also highlighted different advantages, reported by the participants, of using Socrative as a tool for formative assessment in EFL classrooms. The study recommends that teachers implement the use of (OSRSs) in their classrooms as they have many pedagogical benefits for language learners.
An ESL Online Classroom Experience in Oman during Covid-19
Authors: Syahrin Syerina , Salih Abdelrahman Abdalla
Published: October 2020

This paper aimed to investigate the online learning experience of a group of ESL students at a higher learning institution in Oman during the Covid-19. The paper studied the interaction between the students’ preferred online learning style and the technologies the students experienced on the e-learning platform (Moodle) for the particular ESL course. The rationale for investigating the relationship between the students’ learning styles and the technologies the students experienced is to evaluate if the learning style and the technologies complement each other. It is also aimed to provide an evaluation of an ESL e-learning course by considering the different technologies that can be incorporated into the e-learning classroom to meet the different learning styles. Data was gathered from 32 undergraduate students by utilizing Kolb’s Learning Styles Inventory. The study included analysis of Moodle utilizing Warburton’s Technologies in Use (2007) to develop an understanding of the technologies the students experienced online. The results of the study revealed that the majority of the students’ preferred learning style is reflected in the technologies they experienced in the online classroom. As the relationship of the technology in use and the students learning style preference in the classroom complements each other, the study revealed that the emphasis of the particular skill-based pedagogy ESL classroom is on receptive skills (listening and reading). The lack of the students’ productive skills (speaking and writing) is a cause for concern to the ESL course instructors, policymakers, and the wider community.
Motivational Strategies among English Language Teachers: An Examination in Higher Education Institutions in the Malaysian Context
Authors: Omar Suhaida , bin Azim @ Nik Azim Nik Ahmad Farhan , Nawi Noor Syamimie Mohd , Zaini Noraini
Published: October 2020

Little attention was given to explore and understand motivational strategies among English language (EL) teachers, particularly at higher education institutions (HEIs), despite the on-going interest on this matter. Identifying which strategies are adaptive and maladaptive could help them to promote student motivation in return. This study aims to identify the degree of importance and implementation of motivational strategies among EL teachers and explore to what extent they implement the strategies that they perceived as important. The online questionnaires were distributed to 49 teachers at 11 public universities in Malaysia, and ten of them were interviewed. The findings of this study suggested the implementation of motivational strategies heavily depended on teachers’ perceived motivation in teaching. The highest-rated strategy was Proper Teacher Behavior, and the least preferred was Promote Learner Autonomy, indicating that teacher behavior as an important element in ensuring effective language learning. Next, despite the findings that most students are not ready for learner autonomy, the teachers appeared to have a more positive outlook on the inclusion of learner autonomy, and this contradicts findings of previous studies in the Asian contexts. It also indicates that motivational strategies are neither cultural nor context-specific. However, some strategies are still regarded as very practical, while some are less practical in different learning situations. Future research may include private universities to contribute to the knowledge gap on the lack of information on this topic and eventually enable academics to engage in motivational strategies research across all HEIs in Malaysia.
Plural and Gender Inflection of English Loanwords in Colloquial Saudi Arabic
Authors: Mushait Saud , Al-Athwary Anwar A. H.
Published: October 2020

This study aims at investigating how borrowed nouns from English are inflected for plural and gender in Colloquial Saudi Arabic (CSA). The attempt is also made to account for the possible linguistic factors which may affect this inflection in light of some theories in morphology. The analysis is based on more than 250 loanwords collected from different sources (dictionaries, social, media, and TV series). The results showed that foreign nouns are found to be marked for all types of plural (broken plural (BP), female sound plural (FSP), and masculine sound plural (MSP)). More than 77% of borrowed nouns are inflected for FSP. However, this result disagrees with the plural formation rule operating in native nominal stems, which states that BP is the most common, and SP seldom occurs. Views from morphology theory as proposed by Abd-Rabbo (1990) and McCarthy and Prince (1990a; 1990b) were employed to account for this phenomenon. Another feature which is also peculiar to FSP formation is related to the attachment of –ha:t and –ya:t to singular borrowed nouns to form FSP instead of -a:t. Like plural marking, gender assignment to borrowed nouns is also subject to the CSA rules. All English loan nouns are inflected either for masculine by attaching the f morpheme (the unmarked) or feminine gender by attaching –ah (the marked). Out of the three functions of the feminine marker –ah introduced by Drozdík (1998), the inflectional function is the only function that is found at work within foreign nouns. The study concludes with recommendations for further research on loanword variation with regard to plural formation and other morpho-syntactic processes across the different dialects of Arabic. discourse intonation, dominance/non-dominance, pitch level, proclaiming tone, praat program, referring tone
Factors Affecting COVID-19 Testing Decisions: Social and Economic Heterogeneities in a Representative Sample
Authors: Perry Brea Louise , Aronson Brian , Railey Ashley , Ludema Christina
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Willingness to participate in COVID-19 testing and tracing programs has potential to exacerbate health disparities due to systematic variation by social determinants of health. This study evaluates sociodemographic, economic, and psychological factors associated with COVID-19 testing motivations.Methods: We used data from the Person to Person Health Interview Study, collected by telephone in April and May 2020, using a representative sample of Indiana residents (n=943). Testing intentions were assessed across six motivations: treatment affordability, ability to work if positive, hospital effectiveness, symptom severity, proximity to infected, and risk of transmitting to others. Bivariate analyses and ordinal logistic models were used to assess the influence of race/ethnicity, education, financial strain, and COVID-19 worries on each outcome. Results: Respondents strongly agree that symptom severity, proximity to infected, and risk of transmitting to others would be important considerations in COVID-19 test decisions. Black and Latino respondents were more likely than white respondents to agree that ability to work if positive (b = 0.48 and 0.96) and hospital effectiveness (b = 0.92 and 0.96) would influence their decision to get tested. Test affordability (b = 2.80), hospital effectiveness (b = 2.00), and risk of transmission (b = 0.99) were considerations among participants reporting financial strain. Desire to reduce transmission (b = 1.49) and concern about proximity to infected (b = 2.66) were reported among those who expressed COVID-19 worries.Conclusions: In a representative sample in Indiana, people consider their own and others’ vulnerability to COVID-19 in testing decisions. Lower-SES groups and Black and Latino people were more likely to cite resource constraints. Policies expanding financial assistance and prosocial message framing may increase testing rates, particularly among vulnerable subpopulations.
Kontribusi Ilmiah Fadhilaturrahmi
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: October 2020

Riset ini bertujuan menjelajah profil Fadhilaturrahmi serta menelaah jurnal akademik karya individu beliau dalam riset pendidikan. Riset ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif kategori deskriptif dengan desain fenomenologi. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik pengamatan naturalistic, analisis konten, dan wawancara retrospektif. Keabsahan, keandalan, dan keobjektifan data diperiksa menggunakan teknik triangulasi dan external audit.