bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incomplete Kawasaki disease presenting as a para-pharyngeal abscess-like lesion: a case report
Authors: Riboldi Lorenzo , Rossi Roberta , Pagano Manuela , Conrieri Margherita , Bondone Claudia
Published: April 2022

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self-limited febrile illness of unknown cause, that predominantly affects children < 5 years of age. The diagnosis is merely clinic, based on the identification of principal clinical findings and the exclusion of other clinically similar entities. Patients who do not fulfill the complete diagnostic criteria for KD are referred to as incomplete form. Lymphadenopathy is the least common symptom in patients with KD. The rate of cervical lymphadenopathy occurring as the initial presenting symptom is only approximately 12%. As a result, KD could be initially diagnosed as bacterial lymphadenitis and treated improperly with antibiotics.Case presentation: we describe the case of a 5 years-old girl of African origin presented to our emergency department with a two-day history of fever and left unilateral lymph node swelling. Persistent fever, unresponsiveness to broad-spectrum antibiotics therapy, the evidence on computerized-tomography (CT) scan of para-pharyngeal abscesses-like lesion and the onset of other characteristic clinical features that emerged gradually, provided support for a diagnosis of incomplete KD. The excellent response within 24 hours after administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and the rapid resolution of fever, confirmed the correct diagnosis of incomplete KD.Conclusions: from this case we need to realize that para-pharyngeal involvement with edema, cellulitis and abscess-like lesions is a rare, but possible initial manifestation of KD. To avoid delayed diagnosis, clinicians have to be alert to identifying head and neck manifestations as a possible early presentation of KD and include it as a routine differential diagnosis for suspected parapharyngeal abscesses.
Products distribution during in-situ and ex-situ catalytic fast pyrolysis of Chinese herb residues
Authors: Li Bo , Qian Zehao , Qin Jie , He Qian , Huang Shengxiong , Dong Hang , Zhou Nan , Xia Mao , Zhou Zhi
Published: April 2022

Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) for biomass treatment is a research hotspot but there is little information about the difference between the in-situ and ex-situ methods. In present work, the Ni-Fe/CaO-Al2O3 catalysts with different Ni/Fe ratios have been synthesized by coprecipitation method, and the products distribution about the Chinese herb residues (CHR) catalytic fast pyrolysis in in-situ and ex-situ methods have been investigated. The results shown that CFP pyrolysis would upgrading the quality of bio-oil but decrease the yields, no matter in-situ or ex-situ CFP process. During the in-situ CFP process, heteroatoms may be absorbed by the catalyst support and cannot be transferred to the bio-oil, but the results of ex-situ CFP is the opposite. In addition, ex-situ CFP reaction significantly increases the content of aromatic hydrocarbons. As to the gas products distribution, the effect of Fe in catalysts to promote CH4 formation is reflected in in-situ CFP process, while the promotion effect of H2 generation for Ni added in catalyst is mainly reflected in ex-situ CFP process. However, due to the high reaction temperature (800°C), the adsorption of CO2 by CaO support is not particular significant. The possible mechanism of CHR in CFP process have also be summarized for understanding the process of in-situ and ex-situ CFP, and this study may provide a choice or reference for CHR treatment.
Novel synergism of Cedecea lapagei KU14 and Bacillus subtilis KU21for sustainable productivity of Rosmarinus officinalis in Northwest Himalayas
Authors: Sharma Minakshi , Sood Gaurav , Dutt Bhupender , Chauhan Anjali
Published: April 2022

AimsRosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) is most extensively used culinary herbs rich in antioxidants and several other secondary metabolites. Soil quality affects the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites thereby reducing their quality. An approach to improve soil quality and boosting plant productivity in a sustainable manner is the use of plant growth promoting (PGP) endophytic bacteria. Previously three endophytic bacteria associated with roots of R. officinalis were characterized for in vitro PGP traits. The purpose of this study was to assess (1) the compatibility of isolated potential indigenous endophytic bacteria for PGP traits to develop potential consortium biofertilizer, and (ii) how the coordinated interaction among these strains mediates the response for productivity and nutrient acquisition of R. officinalis.MethodsIn vitro synergistic interactions among isolated strains (Bacillus subtilis KU21, Pseudomonas aeruginosa SI12 and Cedecea lapagei KU14) were examined for multiple PGP traits. In vivo studies were carried out to assess synergistic effects of theses strains on productivity and soil quality of R. officinalis. ResultsThe consortia of strains exhibited higher production of IAA, siderophore and phosphorus solubilization. Further, assessment of consortia of these strains significantly improved rosemary growth parameters, nutrient acquisition and soil quality over single inoculation and uninoculated control. Conclusions This is the first field report that describes the efficacy of novel endophytic strains i.e., B. subtilis KU21+ C. lapagei KU14 for improving rosemary production and soil health simultaneously, may be recommended for sustainable production of R. officinalis in Northwest Himalayan region.
The Impact of Sars-Cov-2 on Educational Climate in Dental Students
Authors: Relvas Marta , López-Jarana Paula , Salazar Filomena , Cabral Cristina , Costa Rosana , Vinhas Ana Sofia , Gonçalves Maria dos Prazeres
Published: April 2022

Background: Students' perception of educational climate influences academic performance, and its analysis provides essential information to improve it. To evaluate the perception of 3rd and 5th grade students regarding educational climate, before and during the pandemic. Compare results obtained academic perception of self with institutions in different countries. Methods:A descriptive, cross-sectional study involving dental students, who answered The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire, between March 20 and April 20, 2021.The overall DREEM and its 5 subscales were analyzed, with before and during the pandemic, the perception was "more positive than negative". Results:There were statistically significant differences when comparing the results obtained by 3rd and 5th grade students, before and during the pandemic, with effect magnitude from high to very high. It is noteworthy that 3rd graders have more positive perceptions compared to 5th graders. The 3rd year students felt more strongly the difficulties inherent to the Covid-19 pandemic, while in the 5th year students during the pandemic was less significant compared to the before pandemic period, perhaps due to the fact that they maintain the face-to-face clinical classes. A negative point is associated with the scarce support system for students with stress problems. Conclusions:The educational climate and its subscales are perceived more positively than negatively by students. The Social perception of self-subscale was the most positively evaluated and the student’s perception of teachers obtained lower results.
Optimizing Nitrate Removal from Water Using Ordered Mesoporous nZVI/Zr-Ce-SBA-15 Composites Assisted by RSM and ANN
Authors: Zhang Ruimin , Liu Haixia , Jiang Weili , Liu Weijing
Published: April 2022

Excessive concentrations of nitrate (NO3-N) in water can stimulate the growth of algae, resulting in the deterioration of water quality, reduction of biodiversity and degradation of ecosystems. Zero valent nanoiron (nZVI) has been successfully supported on many carriers for NO3-N removal, of which there are few reports concerning silicon-based materials. Therefore, the present study investigated NO3-N removal from simulated wastewater by nZVI supported on ordered mesoporous Zr-Ce-SBA-15 composites (nZVI/Zr-Ce-SBA-15) assisted by response surface methodology (RSM), an artificial neural network combined with a genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) and a radial basis neural network (RBF). The successful support of nZVI on Zr-Ce-SBA-15 was confirmed using XRD, FTIR, TEM, SEM–EDS, N2 adsorption and XPS, which indicated ordered mesoporous materials. The absolute error of the predicted and actual values exhibited that the ANN model was better than the RSM model for optimizing the conditions of NO3-N removal, and its optimized removal rate of NO3-N by the composites reached 95.71% under the following optimal parameters: initial pH = 4.89, contact time = 62.27 min, initial NO3-N concentration = 74.84 mg/L and temperature = 24.77 ℃. Moreover, the RBF neural network further confirmed the reliability of the ANN-GA model. The process of NO3-N adsorption on Zr-Ce-SBA-15 followed pseudo second-order kinetic and Langmuir models (maximum adsorption capacity of 47.17 mg/g), and this reaction was spontaneous, endothermic and entropy driven. The yield of N2 can be improved after nZVI was supported on Zr-Ce-SBA-15, and the composites exhibited strong renewable ability in the short term within 3 cycles. Our study suggested that the ordered mesoporous nZVI/Zr-Ce-SBA-15 composites were an efficient and promising material for simultaneously removing NO3-N and improving the selectivity of N2, which provides a theoretical reference for NO3-N remediation from wastewater.
The Effects of Nac on Trpm2 Channels Activation and Expression in Testicular Tissue of Diabetic Rats
Authors: TURK Ahmet , Ulas Mustafa , KARADAG Abdullah , KOCAMAN Nevin , ÖNALAN Ebru , KULOGLU Tuncay
Published: April 2022

DM is a common, chronic metabolic disease and have harmful effect of many diverse tissue including testis. One of the way leads tissue damage is the modification of Trpm2 channels by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). For the first time, we were aimed to investigate TRPM2 channel activation in diabetic rats testes and to examine the efficacy of NAC treatment. In our study, 28 male rats were used and animals were divided into 4 groups; Control , NAC , DM , DM + NAC. The experimental phase was designed as 8 weeks. MDA level which is an indicator for lipid peroxidation, was measured by spectrophotometric method. Tunel assay was used to determined apoptosis on testicular tissue. TRPM2 immune reactivity was determined by Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex method and QPCR used to TRPM2 expression levels. It was seen MDA levels were significantly increased in DM and decrease after NAC treatment. Similarly, it was observed that apoptosis levels, which increased highly significantly in diabetic rats, decreased to the levels of the control group after treatment. TRPM2 activation and expression levels were significantly lower in DM group. Our data contradict previous studies in other tissues in diabetics. It may due to the experiment duration.
Arsenic speciation and concentration in the urine of infants in Xiamen, China：A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Hongwei , Zheng Hanying , Lan Hui , Zhuang Yingying
Published: April 2022

Background
A dearth of knowledge regarding toxicity markers of Arsenic(As)exposure in infants exists. Thus, the study aimed to identify the reference value for the total As content in urine and the toxicity markers of As exposure and to analyze the factors influencing urinary As (UAs) levels in infants.
Methods
In total, 895 urine samples were collected from infants in Xiamen, China and analyzed for total UAs using inductively coupled plasma coupled with mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Ninety-four of the samples were randomly selected for the analysis of As species using ICP-MS. The relationship of lifestyle and diet with UAs levels was analyzed by ordered logistic regression analysis.
Results
The total UAs level was found to be 42.60 ± 148.48 µg/gCr, and the 95% upper limit was 962.35 µg/gCr. The unmethylated proportion of UAs was 38.57% (24.67–64.95%). The combined toxicity of different As species multiplied by the corresponding population detection rate was the highest for iAsⅢ+DMAV+iAsⅤ. The total UAs was positively associated with age in 6–36-month-old infants; The intakes of breast milk, seafood, meat, vegetable, and canned beverage were identified as factors contributing to elevated total UAs.
Conclusions
We concluded that the reference value for UAs in infants in Xiamen was 962.35 µg/gCr. iAsⅢ+DMAV+iAsⅤ was a better combination to evaluate the combined effects of As exposure in infants. The intake of As-contaminated food by mothers and infants, which might be the main cause of high UAs in infants.
Endoscopic Ultrasound Guided Therapy of Gastric Varices: Initial Experience in the Arab World (with video)
Authors: Alali Ali A. , Hashim Ahmad , Alkandari Asma
Published: April 2022

Background and objectivesGastric varices (GV) bleeding is a catastrophic complication of portal hypertension and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There are limited effective therapeutic interventions for the management of bleeding GV. Recently, EUS-guided therapy has been shown to be effective and safe intervention for such patients. However, there are no data to describe the feasibility and safety of EUS-guided therapy for GV in Arab population. The aim of this study is to describe our initial experience of EUS-guided therapy for GV in Kuwait. MethodsA case-series of patients that underwent EUS-guided therapy for clinically significant GV. All patients underwent EUS-guided therapy including Cyanoacrylate (CYA) injection with or without coil embolization. Patients were followed post procedure to document GV obliteration and monitor for any adverse events.ResultsIn total, 15 patients were included in this study (80% male) with mean age of 58±12 years. The main indication for therapy was active GV bleeding (53.3%) followed by secondary prophylaxis (33.3%). Most patients had GOV-2 (80%) with mean GV size of 24.9±7.9 mm. Combined EUS coil-CYA was used in most patients (80%), mean volume of CYA injected was 1.5±0.74ml and mean number coils used of 1.5±1.4. The technical success rate was 100% and all patients achieved GV obliteration after a median of 1 session (range 1-2). There were no major adverse events.ConclusionAmong Arab population with portal hypertension, EUS-guided therapy is highly effective and safe option for the managements of clinically significant GV.
Efficacy of CT value along portal vein for preoperative prediction of portal vein resection in pancreatic head cancer
Authors: Kawachi Shigeyuki , Ochiai Shigeto , Chiba Naokazu , Gunji Takahiro , Kobayashi Toshimichi , Sano Toru , Tomita Koichi , Wakiya Midori , Nakatsugawa Munehide
Published: April 2022

Background It is important for surgeons to determine whether combined portal vein (PV) resection (PVR) is necessary before surgery, because the PVR is required in many cases with pancreatic head cancer. The present study aimed to determine the ability of computed tomography (CT) value along the PV in predicting the necessity for concomitant PVR in pancreatic head carcinoma. Methods Total 107 consecutive patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreatic head at our institute between September 2007 and September 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Univariate analysis to predict PVR were performed with preoperative radiological valuables acquired by Synapse Vincent, in addition to clinicopathological factors. The resected specimen near the PV or the PV notch was analyzed by histopathological findings. Results Only the CT value of the PV was independently associated with PVR (Mann–Whitney U test; p = 0.045, logistic regression test; p = 0.039). The AUC of the CT value of the PV for the prediction of PVR was 0.616. The outer boundary of the PV was unclear in the cases without pathological PV invasion and PVR due to the development of smooth muscle in the outer membrane of the PV and the proliferation of collagen fibers. The elastic fibers were arranged regularly in the notch portion of the PV in cases wherein PVR was not performed. Conclusion The CT value along the PV was independently associated with PVR, and the only predictor of PVR.
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Productive Performance, Physiological, Histological Changes and Tissues Zn Concentration in Broiler Chicks
Authors: M.H Hatab , E Rashad , Saleh Hisham M. , El-Sayed El-Sayed R , A.M Abu taleb
Published: April 2022

A five weeks biological experiment was planned to examine the impacts of dietary supplementation with of Nano sized of zinc oxide (ZONPs) on productive performance, carcass traits, organ relative weights, serum biochemical parameters, histological alteration in some internal organs and concentration of this element in the serum, liver, thigh and breast muscle in broiler chicks. A total of 108 day old newly hatched unsexed commercial broiler chicks were individually weighed and equally distributed in a completely randomized design arrangement according to the dose of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZONPs) supplementation into 3 dietary experimental groups, with 3 replications having 12 birds per replicate (n = 36/ treatment) with feed and water were provided ad libitum consumption through 5 weeks life span. The 3 Experiential dietary treatments (T1, T2 and T3) received corn-soybean meal-based diets enhanced with 0 (control), 40 and 60 mg / kg diet of ZONPs respectively. Present results has shown that after 5 weeks of feeding trial and as compared to control, the ZONPs supplementation groups recorded higher body weight, improved feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and performance index. Serum biochemical analyses revealed that serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and uric acid decreased significantly, while high density lipoprotein and liver enzyme (AST,ALT) concentrations were significantly increased in ZONPs groups than control. Meanwhile, zinc accumulation in serum, liver and breast and thigh muscle were linearly increased with increasing zinc supplementation. It could be concluded that supplementation of ZONPs to broiler diet at 40 or 60 mg/kg improved productive performance, birds' physiological status and the lower levels Zn (40 mg/kg diet) revealed promising results and can be used as an effective feed additive in broilers.
Randomized clinical trial quantifying the effectiveness of a self-monitoring intervention on cancer patients with peripheral neuropathy: Quantitative study
Authors: Kanda Kiyoko , Ishida Kazuko , Kyota Ayumi , Ishihara Chiaki , Fujimoto Keiko , Hosokawa Mai , Mochizuki Ruka
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN) is a highly distressing condition that has no effective or helpful pharmacotherapy, alongside no established non-pharmacological treatment. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop supportive care. While self-monitoring has been verified as an effective management method, it has not been studied as a mode of managing CIPN. This study quantified the effectiveness of a self-monitoring intervention for the management of persistent CIPN.Methods: A randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted wherein the participants were using Taxanes or platinum-based anticancer drugs in an outpatient setting. They were randomly assigned to either a control group (CG) (n=32) or a self-monitoring group (SMG) (n=33), wherein the participants recorded their symptoms daily, goals were set in collaboration with the researcher, and feedback (behavioral approval and modification, emotional support) was provided twice every three weeks. The study lasted for six weeks, and the control group received conventional nursing support. Self-management ability, self-efficacy, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) scores were used for evaluation; ANOVA analysis was conducted.Results: There was an interaction effect between the CG and SMG regarding self-efficacy scores. Scores were significantly higher in the SMG than in the CG after three weeks. Quality of life (QOL) scores were also higher in the SMG than in the CG. Conclusions: The self-monitoring intervention maintained the participants’ self-efficacy and QOL. This suggested its effectiveness on patients with peripheral neuropathy.Implications for Cancer Survivors: Self-monitoring interventions enable the maintenance of self-efficacy and QOL for participants associated with CIPN.
A global view on TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis of rat livers during acute hypoxia
Authors: Xu Jin , Wang Zhan , Chen Wen-jie , Xin Ming-yuan , Gao Shen-han , Wang Kai-kun , Liu Wen-jing , Ma Jing-wei , Tidwell Tawni , Ren Yan-ming
Published: April 2022

Acute hypoxia consistently results in altitude sickness and can be fatal. Until present, no studies focusing on global proteomic changes induced by acute hypoxia have been reported. Here, we combined animal experiments and tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomic analysis to identify metabolic changes as a result of acute hypoxia. We first generated a rat model under acute hypoxia conditions. Then we used qPCR analyses to validate the key regulators, and present a schematic model of acute reactions occurring in the livers of rats subjected to acute hypoxia challenge. We identified a large number of acute hypoxic responsive proteins in diverse biological pathways, which helped unveil the different mechanisms involved in hypoxia responses in rats. According to data obtained from proteomic analysis, rats were able to maintain normal physical activity as a response to acute hypoxia by activating their catabolic capacity in order to get more energy, and decreasing biosynthesis to reduce energy consumption. We identified a large number of acute hypoxia-responsive proteins associated with diverse biological pathways, and showed rats quickly respond to acute hypoxia by activating lipid biosynthesis to increase lipid storage, and reducing lipolysis to reduce energy consumption.
Factors Affecting Health Insurance Utilization among Insured Population: Evidence from Health Insurance Program of Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Sushmita , Ghimire Sailaja , Khanal Pratik , Sagtani Reshu Agrawal , Paudel Sudarshan
Published: April 2022

Background: The Government of Nepal introduced the family-based health insurance program in 2016 to increase financial protection and improve access to health care services. The aim of the study was to assess factors associated with the utilization of health insurance among insured population in an urban district of Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using face-to-face interviews was conducted in 224 households of Bhaktapur district of Nepal. Household heads were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression with weighted analysis was done to identify predictors of service utilization among the insured residents. Results: The prevalence of health insurance service utilization at the household level in the Bhaktapur district was 77.2% (n= 224). The number of elder members in the family (AOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.09-7.07), having family member with chronic illness (AOR 5.10, 95% CI 1.48-17.56), willingness to continue health insurance (AOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.47-3.25) and membership duration (AOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05-1.24) were significantly associated with the utilization of the health insurance at the household level. Conclusion: The study identified a particular group of the population who were more likely to utilize health insurance services, including the chronically ill and elderly. Health insurance program in Nepal would benefit from strategies to increase population coverage in health insurance, improve quality of health services, and retain members in the program.
The association between disability progression, relapses, and treatment in early relapse onset MS: an observational, multi-center, longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Taylor Bruce , Fuh-Ngwa Valery , Charlesworth Jac , Zhou Yuan , Mei Ingrid van der , Melton Phillip , Broadley Simon , Ponsonby Anne-Louise , Simpson-Yap Steve , Lechner-Scott Jeannette
Published: April 2022

The contribution of multiple sclerosis relapses to worsening of disability, and vice-versa, remains unclear. Vitamin D supplementation (VitD) and disease modifying therapies (DMTs) are potential modulators of this association. Understanding how these endo-phenotypes interact may provide insights to disease pathogenesis and treatment practice. Here, we examined independent associations between relapses and treatment and the risk of worsening of disability, and vice-versa. We find suggestive evidence that early relapses predict early worsening of disability but do not contribute to long-term worsening. Conversely, the effects of worsening of disability on relapse risk was pronounced and persisted. VitD and DMTs interacted significantly to markedly reduce the risk of future relapses and worsening of disability, particularly when commenced early. Personalised real-time survival probabilities revealed individuals having higher risk of future worsening. Worsening of disability in ROMS occurs in ways not clearly tied to relapses and is strongly linked to an increased risk of future relapses.
A Q-Learning-Based Distributed Queuing MAC Protocol for Internet-of-Things Networks
Authors: Wu Chien-Min , Chang Yu-Hsiu , Tsai Cheng-Tai , Hou Cheng-Chun
Published: April 2022

Many previous studies showed that some nodes should be in a sleeping state while the traffic is high. These nodes can wake up periodically to transmit data while they have data to transmit. The system throughput will be increased while each node can change between wake-up and sleeping states periodically. If a node can estimate the active rate and wake up at the optimal time, the collision probability decreases. This study proposes a Q-learning-based distributed queuing medium access control (QL-based DQMAC) protocol for Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks. In the proposed QL-based DQMAC, we derive the optimal number of contention IoT nodes. Each node calculates the active rate by itself through the Q-learning algorithm. Then, each node determines whether it will be active or in sleeping mode in the next contention period according to the active rate. Finding the optimal IoT nodes in each contention period decreases the probability of collision. The energy consumption due to the contention and delay for MAC contention is reduced owing to the lower number of contentions. Protocol comparison with other DQMAC protocols shows that the proposed QL-based DQMAC protocol achieves higher performance in IoT networks.
Modelling the transmission dynamics of a multi-strain SARS-CoV-2 epidemic with vaccination for an emerging strain
Authors: Kayanja Andrew , Abola Benard , Kikawa Cliff , Oyo Benedict , Ssematimba Amos
Published: April 2022

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 has severely impacted the health, economic and social status of Ugandans and people globally. Its mutations result into numerous deadly variants which are constantly emerging in short time intervals. The rise of these variants has led to increased virus transmissibility, disease severity and reduction in vaccine effectiveness. To-date, it is unclear which direction the pandemic is likely to take in the next few years.Methods: This study developed a deterministic two strain Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered-Vaccinated (SEIR-V) mathematical model to describe the transmission dynamics of these SARS-CoV-2 variants. The model considers 10 compartments to deal with both strain one and strain two (emerging strain). Basic reproductive number R0 is computed and both local and global stability analysis of the disease free equilibrium investigated qualitatively. The model's bifurcation analysis revealed a forward type.Results: Simulation results indicate a 17.17 % increase in peak infections for strain two dominance as compared to strain one dominance. Further, a 10-fold increase in vaccination rate would lead to 16.98 % reduction in strain two peak infections. Furthermore, periodically administering booster doses within 18-24 months is recommended. Compulsory face mask usage and early hospitalization/isolation of symptomatic individuals would lead to 14.2 % and 16.98 % decrease in symptomatic infections respectively.Conclusions: Our results suggest that continuous vaccination (at a higher rate) of populations is still vital in the fight against COVID-19. Besides, results on face mask usage and hospitalization of symptomatic individuals provides valuable information that can be used to support emergency preparedness for future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.
Non-invasive prenatal test findings in 41,819 pregnant women: Results from a clinical laboratory in southern China
Authors: Li Fenxia , Liu Siping , Chang Qingxian , Yang Fang , Xu Yushuang , Jia Bei , Wu Ruifeng , Li Liyan , Yin Ailan , Chen Weishan , Huang Fodi
Published: April 2022

Background: This paper evaluated the clinical utility of massively parallel sequencing-based non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for detecting trisomy 21 (T21), T18, T13, sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCA), and rare chromosome aneuploides (RCA) among the data collected by a clinical laboratory in southern China.Methods: In a 3-year period between 1January 2017 and 31 December 2019, over 40,000 pregnant women underwent NIPT clinical screening tests for fetal T21, T18, T13, SCA, and RCA in our laboratory. NIPT samples were processed using the NextSeq CN500 platform. The results were confirmed by karyotype, and chromosomal microarray analysis or CNV sequencing. Details of the pregnancy outcomes were collected via telephone interviews. Results: NIPT result were available for 41,819 cases; 691positive cases were reported. The overall sensitivity for detection of T21, T18, T13, SCA, and RCA was 99.21%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 98.55%, and 100.00%, and the specificity was 99.95%, 99.94%, 99.98%, 99.69%, and 99.92% respectively. The positive predictive value (PPVs) for detection of T21, T18, T13, SCA, and RCA were 85.62%, 45.24%, 40.00%, 34.17%, and 13.51%, respectively, and those for detection of 45,X, 47,XXY, 47,XXX, 47,XYY, and 46,XY(delX) 20.00%, 59.18%, 28.95%, 61.54%, and 25.00%, respectively. Regarding pregnancy outcomes, 92.38% of the pregnancies with confirmed aneuploidies were terminated, and 91.20% of those identified as having a false-positive result were carried to term. Among 252 unconfirmed cases, 24.60% of the pregnancies were terminated and 38.10% carried to term, while 37.30% unfollow-up.Conclusions: NIPT is widely used to screen fetal aneuploidies based on its high sensitivity and specificity. However, in this study, the PPVs of NIPT in terms of detecting T18, T13, XO, XXX and RCA were <50%. However more than one-third of NIPT-positive women did not accept the prenatal diagnosis. Confirmatory diagnosis is strongly recommended for women with positive NIPT outcomes before any further decision is made.
Outbreak investigation of community associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a primary and secondary school in Eastern Switzerland
Authors: Kahlert Christian R. , Waldeck Frederike , Seiffert Salome , Manser Susanne , Zemp Danuta , Walt Angela , Berger Christoph , Albrich Werner C. , Schlegel Matthias , Roloff Tim , Egli Adrian , Nolte Oliver
Published: April 2022

Background: In 2018 the number of newly detected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) cases in children attending primary (age 6-12 years) and secondary school (age 13-16 years) nearly doubled compared to previous years.Methods: This observation initiated an epidemiological outbreak investigation including a cross-sectional study to determine source of the outbreak, colonization frequency and to identify risk factors for transmission using a questionnaire and to end the outbreak. Results: During the investigation, 49 individuals were detected with 57 corresponding isolates. Based on the case definition combined with whole genome sequencing, a core cluster was identified that shared common genetic features and a similar antimicrobial susceptibility pattern (efflux-mediated macrolide resistance, tetracycline susceptibility along with presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin).Conclusions: Epidemiologic evaluation identified a distinct school as a common risk factor. However, the source of the clustered infections within that school could not be further specified. No further cases could be detected after decolonization of infected and colonized children.
Temperature-dependent IL6-STAT3-HSP90 axis mediates aquatic viral entry
Authors: li Junhua , Hou Guoli , lv Zhao , Liu Wenzhi , Xiong Shuting , Wang Xiaodong , Hu Liang , Ding Chunhua , Song Rui , Wang Hongquan , Zhang Yong-An , Xiao Tiaoyi
Published: April 2022

IL6-STAT3 signaling is a canonical pro-inflammatory pathway that is evolutionarily conserved and plays important roles in both temperature related responses and virus infection. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the temperature-dependent pathogenesis of aquatic viral diseases remains rudimentary. Here we deploy Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection as a model system to explore the temperature dependency of viral seasonality in ectotherms. We discovered that the temperature-dependent activation of IL6-STAT3 signaling was hijacked by GCRV to promote viral entry by increasing the expression of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). Further biochemical, transcriptomic, and microscopic analyses revealed that major capsid protein VP7 of GCRV interacted with HSP90 and relevant cytoskeleton proteins to enable viral entry. Accordingly, exogenous expression of either IL6, HSP90, or VP7 in cells engendered an increased viral entry in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, other viruses infecting invertebrate insects, ectothermic vertebrates (e.g., fish, amphibians), and endothermic mammals (e.g., swine, mouse, human) have evolved a similar mechanism to promote their infection. Altogether, our work delineates a pivotal role of the IL6-STAT3-HSP90 axis in the temperature-dependency of viral entry, pinpointing the feasibility of developing targeted therapies for viral diseases in the future.
Predicting fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing parturients via carotid artery blood flow and velocity time integral measured by carotid ultrasound: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Dai Shaobing , Wang Chun , Tao Xia , Shen Jianjun , Xu Lili
Published: April 2022

BackgroundPresent evidence suggests that the Doppler ultrasonographic indices, such as carotid artery blood flow (CABF) and velocity time integral (VTI), have the ability to predict fluid responsiveness in non-obstetric spontaneous breathing patients. The purpose of this study was to assess their capacity to predict fluid responsiveness in parturients.MethodsIn this study, a total of 72 full term singleton parturients undergoing cesarean delivery were included in this study and CABF, VTI, and hemodynamic parameters were recorded before and after fluid challenge and assessed by carotid artery ultrasonography. Fluid responsiveness was defined as an increase in stroke volume index (SVI) of 15% or more after the fluid challenge.ResultsThirty-one (43%) patients were fluid responders. The area under the ROC curve to predict fluid responsiveness for CABF and VTI were 0.803 (95% CI, 0.701-0.905) and 0.821 (95% CI, 0.720-0.922). The optimal cut-off values of CABF and VTI for fluid responsiveness was 175.9 ml/min (sensitivity of 74.0%; specificity of 78.0%) and 8.7 cm/s (sensitivity of 67.0%; specificity of 90.0%). The grey zone for CABD and VTI were 114.2-175.9 ml/min and 6.8-8.7 cm/s.ConclusionsUltrasound evaluation of CABD and VTI seem to be the feasible parameters to predict fluid responsiveness in parturients undergoing elective cesarean delivery.Trial registrationThe trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (www.chictr.org), registration number ChiCTR-ICR-1900022327. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (20180120).
Prioritizing skill action recognition of basketball using decision support system
Authors: He Yunxing
Published: April 2022

Human action understanding is vital in many computer vision applications, including sports narrative, virtual reality games, and human computer interaction (HCI) systems. To recognize human actions, a video stream or image sequence must contain many actions. For example, modern video surveillance systems need to recognize human action to improve financial institution security. Human action recognition can help with automatic sports narrative and video captioning. It's important for HCI, notably for virtual reality games, sports storytelling, and video captioning. However, complex backgrounds, action occlusion, and fluctuating lighting conditions make human action identification difficult nowadays. Basketball high-difficulty action recognition technology is used to identify and evaluate player movement. Video recognition is a vital tool for improving basketball instruction. Technology and injury limit traditional sports target recognition, preventing the desired effect. The current study has used decision support system for prioritizing the skill action recognition of basketball. The tool of super decision was used for the process of experimental work. Results of the experiments reveal that the proposed work is effective for prioritizing skill action recognition showed satisfactory results.
Ultrasound measurement of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in a Colombian healthy adult population
Authors: Trocha Guillermo , Bonilla Andrés , Romero Camilo , Palacios Jonathan , Molano-Gonzalez Nicolas
Published: April 2022

Background
Measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) provides a rapid, safe, and easy method for detecting increased intracranial pressure (ICP). However, normal mean and upper limit values may vary according to age, sex, ethnicity, and ultrasound laboratory.
Aim
We aim to obtain the mean of ONSD in a healthy Colombian adult population and correlate it with demographic and anthropometric measures.
Methods
In a prospective study using a 10-13MHz linear ultrasound probe, transverse bulb diameter (TBD) and ONSD in transverse (ONSD-TP) and sagittal plane (ONSD-SP) were measured in healthy adults volunteers in Bogota, Colombia.
Results
A 100 healthy subjects were included, mean age 26,7 ± 8,3 years with 62 women. For 95% of the subjects the mean TBD, ONSD-TP and ONSD-SP was 23.11mm (CI: 22.90mm-23.32mm), 3.96mm (CI: 3.85mm-4.07mm) and 4.0mm (CI: 3.90mm-4.11mm) respectively. ONSD in both planes ranged from 2.35mm to 5.20mm. There was a correlation between ONSD-SP and ONSD-TP (p < 0.0001) but no correlation between ocular measures and demographic or anthropometric variables (p > 0.05). Intraclass correlation between eyes was statistically significant.
Conclusion
Our study shows that ultrasound measured ONSD in healthy adults in Colombia is similar to those found worldwide. An ONSD of 5.5mm may be considered the upper limit for healthy adults in Colombia. ONSD could be measured in either plane, there is a good correlation between the two eyes and ONSD is not modified by demographic or anthropometric characteristics.
Specific mutations in the cholesterol-binding site of APP alter its processing and favor the production of shorter, less toxic Aβ peptides.
Authors: Hanbouch Linda , Schaack Béatrice , Kasri Amal , Fontaine Gaëlle , Gkanatsiou Eleni , Brinkmalm Gunnar , Camporesi Elena , Portelius Erik , Blennow Kaj , Mourier Gilles , Gilles Nicolas , Millan Mark J , Marquer Catherine , Zetterberg Henrik , Boussicault Lydie , Potier Marie-Claude
Published: April 2022

Excess brain cholesterol is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). Here we evaluated how the presence of a cholesterol-binding site (CBS) in the transmembrane and juxtamembrane regions of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) regulates its processing.We generated nine point mutations in the APP gene, changing the charge and/or hydrophobicity of the amino-acids which were previously shown as part of the CBS. Most mutations triggered a reduction of amyloid-β peptides Aβ40 and Aβ42 secretion from transfected HEK293T cells. Only the K to A mutation at position 28 of Aβ in the APP sequence (APPK28A) resulted in a concomitant increase in the production of shorter Aβ peptides. Mass Spectrometry (MS) confirmed the predominance of Aβx-33 and Aβx-34. The enzymatic activity of α-, β- and g-secretases remained unchanged in cells expressing the APPK28A and all other mutants. Similarly, subcellular localization of the mutants in early endosomes did not differ from the APPWT protein. A transient increase of plasma membrane cholesterol enhanced the production of Aβ40 and Aβ42 by APPWT, an effect absent in APPK28A mutant. Finally, WT but not CBS mutant Aβ derived peptides bound to cholesterol-rich exosomes. Collectively, the present data revealed a major role of juxtamembrane amino acids of the APP CBS in modulating the production of toxic Aβ species. More generally, they underpin the role of cholesterol in the pathophysiology of AD.
Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Assessing the Subclinical Myocardial Dysfunction in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Li Wei , Li Ziyao , Liu Wei , Zhao Peng , Che Guoying , Wang Xudong , Di Zhixin , Tian Jiawei , Sun Litao
Published: April 2022

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, and accompany asymptomatic deterioration of the myocardial function. This study aims to identify the subclinical impact of GDM on maternal left ventricular function by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE).Methods:We prospectively recruited 47 women with GDM and 62 healthy pregnant women who underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) at 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy.GDM diagnosis was in agreement with the IADPSG criteria. TTE was performed according to the criteria of the American Society of Echocardiography. Conventional echocardiographic data and 2D-STE parameters were compared between the two groups.Results:Age, gestational weeks, heart rate, and conventional echocardiographic parameters had no difference between the two groups.The average LV global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) of GDM patients was lower than controls (18.14±2.53 vs. 22.36±6.33, p<0.001). The LA reservoir and conduit strain in patients with GDM were also significantly reduced (32.71±6.64 vs. 38.00±7.06, 20.41±5.69 vs. 25.56±5.73, p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in LA contractile function between the two groups. In multiple regression analysis, LV-GLS and LA conduit strain independently associated with GDM. Conclusions:2D-STE could detect the subclinical myocardial dysfunction more sensitively than conventional echocardiography, with LV-GLS and LA conduit strain as independent indicators of the GDM impact on maternal cardiac function during pregnancy.
A fluorescence aptasensor baesd on nanomagnetic material for sensitive and rapid detection of SMZ in animal-derived foods
Authors: Le Tao , Yan Xueling , Yang Lulan , Tang Jiaming , Wen Xu , Chen Xingyue , Zheng Xiaoling , Chen Lingling , Li Jiaqi
Published: April 2022

A fluorescence aptasensor was developed based on two-dimensional nanomagnetic materials Fe3O4/Au/g-C3N4 and FAM-labeled aptamer of sulfamethazine (FAM-SMZ1S) for sensitive and rapid detection of sulfamethazine (SMZ) in animal-derived foods. The aptasensor exhibited a high sensitivity with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.87 ng/mL (S/N = 3), the linear range from 1 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL. The performance of aptasensor was demonstrated in 10 real-world samples with the recovery rate in the range of 91.6%-106.82% and the coefficient of variation (CV) in the range of 2.8%-13.44%. In addition, the detection ability of the aptasensor was comparable with that of the HPLC as the detection results demonstrated good correlations (R2 > 0.9153). Therefore, the aptasensor can be a sensitive, accurate and rapid method for the detection of SMZ in animal-derived foods.
Co-designing a cancer care intervention: reflections of participants and a doctoral researcher on roles and contributions
Authors: Tanay Mary Anne Lagmay , Armes Jo , Oakley Catherine , Sage Lesley , Tanner Deb , Roca Jose , Bryson Liz , Greenall Barbara , Urwin Lauren , Wyatt Toni , Robert Glenn
Published: April 2022

Background
Patient & Public Involvement is most usually framed in the context of designing, conducting and/or disseminating research. Participatory methods such as Experience-Based Co-Design (EBCD) further allow service users to directly engage in developing, testing and implementing interventions and services alongside healthcare staff. This paper aims to explore how participants in an EBCD project came - over time - to perceive their role and involvement in co-designing a cancer care intervention.
Methods
The findings are based on our reflections, a research diary, email correspondence and fieldnotes from co-design events. Co-design participants who attended most of the ten co-design events took part through written reflections or audio-recorded video calls. Ten reflective pieces were collected from clinicians (n = 4), PPI group members/patient participants (n = 4), a doctoral researcher (n = 1) and a visual illustrator (n = 1). Inductive data analysis of participant reflections was carried out using reflexive thematic analysis. Meeting fieldnotes, email correspondence and the researcher’s diary were deductively analysed using the initial themes generated from this inductive analysis.
Results
Five main themes were identified: (1) changing perception of roles during the co-design process, (2) defining a ‘co-designer’, (3) engagement and ownership, (4) role of the research facilitator in maintaining momentum, and (5) perceived benefits of involvement.
Conclusion
Our findings show the changing perceptions of roles and contributions among participants over time. Patients typically described their role as co-designers in terms simply of sharing their experiences. In contrast, clinicians perceived themselves as co-designers because they were working with patients who were actively involved in decision-making. Levels of engagement were affected by several factors such as time and facilitation, but most participants came to view themselves as co-owners of the intervention. Overall, participants perceived their involvement as a positive experience with clinicians also reporting wider positive impacts on their clinical practice.
Risk for Behçet’s Disease Gauged via High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Korea
Authors: Kim Yeong Ho , Kim Hyun Jee , Park Jin Woo , Han Kyung Do , Park Yong Gyu , Lee Young Bok , Lee Ji Hyun
Published: April 2022

Background
Behçet’s disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Low levels of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with Crohn’s disease, another chronic inflammatory disease. However, the effects of low HDL-C levels on BD are unclear.
Objectives
We investigated the effects of HDL-C levels, and variability therein, on the risk for BD.
Methods
We used the Korean National Health Insurance System database to identify 5,587,754 adults without a history of BD who underwent ≥ 3 medical examinations between 2010 and 2013. Mean HDL-C levels at each visit were used to calculate variability independent of the mean (VIM) and the coefficient of variation (CV).
Results
There were 676 new cases of BD (0.012%). The risk for BD was increased in participants with highly variable and low mean HDL-C levels. In a multivariate-adjusted model, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for BD incidence were 1.335 (1.058–1.684) in a high mean/high VIM group, 1.527 (1.211–1.925) in a low mean/low VIM group, and 2.096 (1.67–2.63) in a low mean/high VIM group compared to a high mean/low VIM group.
Conclusions
Low mean HDL-C levels, and high variability therein, are independent risk factors for BD.