bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metamorfosis regional acelerada, articulación territorial y financiarización en una ciudad intermedia mexicana: el caso de Querétaro
Authors: Martner-Peyrelongue Carlos Daniel
Published: October 2020

En décadas recientes algunas ciudades intermedias mexicanas manifiestan un elevado dinamismo económico cuya expresión territorial más evidente ha sido una expansión dispersa y difusa en espacios cada vez más amplios, los cuales solían considerarse eminentemente rurales. Este es el caso de la ciudad de Querétaro, y su área de expansión dispersa sobre espacios rurales de El Marqués y, especialmente, de Colón. En este sentido, el presente trabajo tiene como propósito analizar y caracterizar la transformación socioterritorial de esta zona de expansión de una ciudad intermedia mediante un enfoque teórico-metodológico de tipo estructural-sistémico, cuya unidad de análisis se ubica más allá de la ciudad o metrópolis al incluir los espacios rurales vinculados, en los cuales los recientes esquemas de financiarización del sector inmobiliario generan nuevas configuraciones y desigualdades espaciales, con un resultado que conduce a una ocupación dispersa y desordenada del territorio. Allí las premisas de rentabilidad de los inversores rebasanconstantemente los criterios de un ordenamiento urbano-regional coherente que privilegie el desarrollo local y ambiental sostenible a largo plazo.
Development of pH Sensing Devices Based on Optical Fluorescents with Rapid Measurement, Low Cost and Wireless Monitoring
Authors: Siregar Rahmat Fauzi
Published: October 2020

The level of acid or base in water based on solution (pH) is a very important measure for living things because about 70% in the body consists of water. Most of the metabolism in the body requires a certain pH level. Having a rapid and accurate pH meter is very demanding, but most of the available pH meters take several minutes to measure the pH of the liquid. The measured water is mixed with fluorescent liquid and then excited with violet light at a wavelength of 405 nm. We have developed a pH meter based on optical fluorescent using pyranine extracted from yellow highlighter using isopropyl alcohol. The pH meter based on optical fluorescent have advantage compared to other methods in terms of measurement time. The intensity of the green fluorescent emitted from the liquid sample is then captured by the AS7262 spectral sensor. A pH sensing device has been developed, tested and verified to be able to measure pH from a range of 4 to 11 with an accuracy of 98.13%, a reading error value of ±0.13 and only takes less than 3 seconds to take measurements.
Clustering Data National Examinations based on Social Media Using K-Means Methods
Authors: Utomo Chandra Eko Wahyudi , Hariadi Mochamad , Sumpeno Surya
Published: October 2020

The development of social media as a source of data is now increasingly interesting to study. The social media studied in this research is Twitter. Twitter as one of the top-ranked social media among social media accessed by the people of Indonesia. People's behavior can be learned by collecting and processing data, one of which is people's sentiments or opinions about national examinations in Indonesia. Twitter user behavior in the form of their comments about the national exam in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the public sentiments of social media users about the National Examination in Indonesia. Data is retrieved by crawling data via the Twitter API. The data needs to be preprocessed first and feature extracted using TF-IDF. However, because the text data on Twitter is unstructured and very diverse data (variety), the grouping stage must be done first. Grouping technique using K-Means Clustering on Spark. Spark clustering techniques are used to overcome the grouping of data on very large and complex amounts of data. From the clustering process using Spark it was found that the grouping process resulted in 3 clusters where elbow detection was found in the third cluster of the number of clusters between 2 and 50. The results of clustering in the form of 3 large groups were further processed (with classification techniques) to get a positive or negative sentiment comparison of social media user comments about the national exam. Furthermore, these results become recommendations and new knowledge about community behavior regarding Social Media-based National Exams.Keywords — clustering; sentiment analysis; National exam; social media, K-Means
Ensuring universal assessment and management of vitamin D status in melanoma patients at secondary care level: a service improvement project
Authors: Gupta Madhumita , Maamoun Wareth , Maher Mohamed , Jaffe Wayne
Published: October 2020

Background/Aims

Melanoma is the most aggressive skin malignancy with an ever-increasing caseload, especially in the western world. Recently developed immunotherapeutic modalities have substantially improved the prognosis of advanced melanoma. The association between serum levels of vitamin D and prognosis of melanoma has been a focus of ongoing research, with some evidence of vitamin D's potential as an adjunctive modality to immunotherapy. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines clearly recommend that assessment of vitamin D levels and relevant advice should be an inherent aspect of the management of patients with melanoma at the secondary care level.

Method

A service improvement project was conducted to ensure full compliance of practice in the authors' skin unit with the current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines on the management of vitamin D status in patients with melanoma.

Results

After two reaudits the unit's practice complied with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines by using a multidisciplinary team approach.

Conclusions

The authors propose that the simple and reliable pathway used to achieve and sustain the results could be easily adopted to ensure universal adherence to these guidelines.
A case of pica in childhood with intellectual disability: focus on non­-psychopharmacology management
Authors: Kaligis Fransiska , Massarapa Mirza Hapsari , Marsubrin Raden Irawati Ismail , Wiguna Tjhin
Published: October 2020

Non-psychopharmacology management is crucial in pica in childhood with intellectual disability. This case report shows the effectiveness of pica management centered on behavioral therapy over the use of pharmacotherapy in improving the patient’s symptoms. A-7-year-old girl had been eating plastic bags since she was 3. In the last 6 months, this behavior worsened and coupled with emotional and behavioral problems. Her intellectual function showed that she had a moderate intellectual disability, which was confirmed by her intelligence quotient test result. She also had iron deficiency anemia and constipation. Non-psychopharmacological management was delivered to the patient and family. The patient was treated with a reinforcement strategy of behavioral therapy, involving parental education during the process to stimulate desirable behavior, discourage unwanted behavior, and improve parent-child interaction. After six sessions of behavioral therapy and parental psychoeducation, the patient showed improvement as the frequency of eating nonfood substances was decreasing.
Back-of-the-envelope image resolution estimation using an aberrated Rayleigh criterion
Authors: Mudge Jason
Published: October 2020

In an optical imaging sensor (i.e., lens plus focal plane array), the critical output is the image itself, and quality of that image is a measure of the sensor’s performance. Image quality is dependent on several terms such as the sensor-level point-spread function (PSF), sampling period, and signal-to-noise ratio. The sensor resolution is mainly dependent on the PSF, which is comprised of many aspects. Often, the resolution is determined by the diffraction-limited Rayleigh criterion; however, due to the blur contributions of the collecting optics wavefront errors, pixel size, etc., the sensor PSF is not often diffraction-limited. Here, we develop two simple back-of-the-envelope calculations that provide an estimate of a nondiffraction-limited imaging sensor PSF size based on the sensor-level required resolution. Moreover, an allocation based on this PSF size can be used to dole out an allotment to the various blur effects, e.g., wavefront error, during sensor-level design.
Tunable metasurfaces using phase change materials and transparent graphene heaters
Authors: Abed Omid , Yousefi Leila
Published: October 2020

Tunable metasurfaces enable us to dynamically control light at subwavelength scales. Here, using phase change materials and transparent graphene heaters, a new structure is proposed to develop tunable metasurfaces which support first-order Mie-type resonance in the near-IR regime. In the proposed structure, by adjusting the bias voltages applied to transparent graphene heaters, the crystallization levels of the phase change materials are controlled, which in turn modifies the response of the metasurface. The proposed metasurface is able to modulate the phase of the reflected wave in the range of 0° to −270° at the telecommunication wavelength of λ = 1.55 µm. A comprehensive Joule heating analysis is performed to investigate the thermal characterizations of the proposed structure. The results of this analysis show that there is a suitable thermal isolation between adjacent unit cells, making individual control on unit cells possible. The potential ability of the proposed metasurface as a beam steering device is also demonstrated. By using the proposed unit cells, a beam-steering device is designed and numerically studied. This study shows that the device can reflect a light normally incident on it in the range of ±65° with reasonably low sidelobe levels. The proposed structure can be used in developing low-cost integrated LiDARs.
A Role for HAPLN1 During Phenotypic Modulation of Human Lung Fibroblasts In Vitro
Authors: Evanko Stephen P. , Gooden Michel D. , Kang Inkyung , Chan Christina K. , Vernon Robert B. , Wight Thomas N.
Published: October 2020

Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1) stabilizes interactions between two important extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules, versican and hyaluronan, which facilitate proliferation of fibroblasts and their conversion to myofibroblasts. However, the role of HAPLN1 in these events has not been studied. Using immunocytochemistry, cellular and ECM locations of HAPLN1 were evaluated in cultured human lung fibroblasts during proliferation and conversion to myofibroblasts. HAPLN1 localized to pericellular matrices, associating with both versican and hyaluronan in the ECM and on the cell surface. Nuclear and total HAPLN1 immunostaining increased after myofibroblast induction. Confocal microscopy showed HAPLN1 predominant in the ECM under cells while versican predominated above cells. Versican and HAPLN1 were also juxtaposed in columnar inclusions in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Nuclear HAPLN1 staining in interphase cells redistributed to the cytosol during mitosis. In the absence of TGF-β1, addition of exogenous bovine HAPLN1 (together with aggrecan G1) facilitated myofibroblast formation, as seen by significant upregulation of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) staining, while adding full-length bovine versican had no effect. Increased compaction of hyaluronan-rich ECM suggests that HAPLN1 plus G1 addition affects hyaluronan networks and myofibroblast formation. These observations demonstrate changes in both extracellular and intracellular localization of HAPLN1 during fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast conversion suggesting a possible role in fibrotic remodeling:
Control of fibrosis by TGFβ signalling modulation promotes redifferentiation during limited regeneration of mouse ear
Authors: Abarca-Buis RenéFernando , Contreras-Figueroa María Elena , Garciadiego-Cázares David , Krötzsch Edgar
Published: October 2020

Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signalling is involved in several aspects of regeneration in many organs and tissues of primitive vertebrates. It has been difficult to recognize the role of this signal in mammal regeneration due to the low ability of this animal class to reconstitute tissues. Nevertheless, ear-holes in middle-age female mice represent a model to study the limited epimorphic-like regeneration in mammals. Using this model, in this study we explored the possible participation of TGFβ signalling in mammal regeneration. Positive pSmad3 cells, as well as TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 isoforms, were detected during the redifferentiation phase in the blastema-like structure. Daily administration of the inhibitor of the TGFβ intracellular pathway, SB431542, during 7 days from the re-differentiation phase, resulted in a decreased level of pSmad3 accompanied by a transitory higher growth of the new tissue, larger cartilage nodules, and new muscle formation. These phenotypes were associated with a decrease in the number of α-SMA-positive cells and loose packing of collagen I. These results indicate that the modulation of the fibrosis mediated by TGFβ signalling contributes to enhancing the differentiation of cartilage and muscle during limited ear-hole regeneration.
Branching morphogenesis - historical first evidences
Authors: Ribatti Domenico , Guidolin Diego
Published: October 2020

Branching morphogenesis, the creation of branched structures in the body, is a key feature of animal and plant development. It requires the coordinated interplay of multiple types of epithelial cells with the surrounding extracellular matrix. Cell migration, proliferation, and extracellular matrix dynamics have different roles in driving budding in different organs. This historical review article summarizes the first founding literature data concerning branching morphogenesis occurring in kidney, lung, vascular system, mammary glands and neurons.
PuraMatrix allows differentiation of a broad repertoire of neural and mesenchymal phenotypes from trunk neural crest
Authors: Taufer Clarissa R. , Rodrigues-Da-Silva Monica A. , Calloni Giordano W.
Published: October 2020

The neural crest (NC) is a transitory embryonic structure of vertebrates that gives rise to an astonishing variety of derivatives, encompassing both neural and mesenchymal cell types. Neural crest cells (NCCs) are an excellent model to study how environmental factors modulate features such as cell multipotentiality and differentiation. Tests with multifunctional substrates that allow NCCs to express their full potential, while promoting cell subcloning, are needed to advance knowledge about NCC self-renewal and to foster future biotechnological approaches. Here we show that a self-assembled peptide named PuraMatrixTM is an excellent substrate that allows the differentiation of NCCs based on the identification of seven different cell types. Depending on the PuraMatrixTM concentration employed, different frequencies and quantities of a given cell type were obtained. It is noteworthy that an enormous quantity and diversity of mesenchymal phenotypes, such as chondrocytes, could be observed. The quantity of adipocytes and osteocytes also increased with the use of mesenchymal differentiation factors (MDF), but PuraMatrixTM alone can support the appearance of these mesenchymal cell types. PuraMatrixTM will promote advances in studies related to multipotentiality, self-renewal and control of NCC differentiation, since it is an extremely simple and versatile material which can be employed for both in vivo and in vitro experiments.
In Memoriam - Antony Durston
Authors: Cohen Morrel H. , Nanjundiah Vidyanand , Weijer Cornelis J. , Zhu Kongju
Published: October 2020

Antony Durston, Tony to friends and colleagues, died on February 21, 2020 following sepsis caused by an underlying medical condition. He made important and highly original contributions to our understanding of the principles that underlie multicellular organisation and development (see Supplementary Material). The attitude which he brought to bear while doing science is as noteworthy as his research. What follows is a brief sketch of his career and persona. After obtaining a Bachelor of Science degree with Botany as his major from the University of Nottingham in 1965, Tony joined Neville Symonds to do a PhD in bacteriophage genetics at the University of Sussex, where he was influenced as well by Brian Goodwin and John Maynard Smith. It was Symonds who inspired him to develop his natural tendency to think outside the box.
Validation of PELOD-2 score as a predictor of life-threatening organ dysfunction in pediatric sepsis
Authors: Simanjuntak Yuyun Romaria , Saputra Indra , Triratna Silvia , Bakri Achirul , Iriani Yulia
Published: October 2020

Background The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3) defined sepsis as life-threatening organ dysfunction due to immune dysregulation against infection. It recommends the Sequential (sepsis-related) Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score to evaluate life-threatening organ dysfunction. But the SOFA tool has not been adjusted for pediatric patients.  The Indonesian Pediatrics Society (IPS) uses the same sepsis definition and recommends using the PELOD-2 score as an indicator of life-threatening organ dysfunction in children.    

Objective To evaluate the validity of the PELOD-2 score for predicting life-threatening organ dysfunction in pediatric sepsis.

Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted in children with sepsis who were admitted to the PICU.  Subjects were taken consecutively with inclusion criteria of 1 month-18 years of age, with organ dysfunction, having two or more symptoms of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and suspected or proven infection.  PELOD-2 score, with and without lactate result, of each subject were plotted to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, then we determined the most optimal cut off point to predict the life-threathneing organ dysfunction in pediatric sepsis based on the sensitivity and specificity of each score.

Results Sixty-six patients were analyzed, with 40 males and 26 females aged 2 to 183 months (median 11 months).  Twenty patients died while in the PICU. A PELOD-2 score (with lactate) cut-off ≥ 7 was determined by ROC curve, with sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 78%. The area under the curve (AUC) of PELOD-2 score (with lactate) was 84.8% (95%CI 74.7 to 95.9%).  A PELOD-2 score (without lactate) ≥ 7  was the most optimum cut off based on its Youden index, it haD 70% of sensitivity and 80% of specificity.

Conclusion PELOD-2 score ≥ 7 , with or without lactate component is the optimal cut-off for predicting life-threatening organ dysfunction in pediatric sepsis.
Knee height and knee height/height ratio of healthy schoolchildren
Authors: Moelyo Annang Giri , Susanto Andre Christiawan , Rajagukguk Bella Monika , Tjiayadi Jonathan Billy Christian
Published: October 2020

Background Knee height (KH) is rarely used to estimate stature in children, although its measurement might have benefit because not influenced by some musculoskeletal disorder in spinal region. Knee height and knee height/height ratio are typical in children due to different in pubertal timing of each child.
Objective To derive a formula to estimate body height using knee height and to analyze the patterns of knee height and knee height/height ratio of healthy schoolchildren.
Methods This cross-sectional study involved healthy children in one elementary school and one junior high school in Surakarta, Central Java. Demographic data were collected (sex, age, and ethnicity). All anthropometric measurements (height, weight, sitting height, and knee height) were taken three times, and their means were calculated. Linear regression analysis was used to compare height from knee height and sitting height. Non-parametric analysis through locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) was used to analyze the growth patterns of knee height, knee height/height ratio, and sitting height/height ratio.
Results There were 633 children (328 boys and 305 girls) in this study. The formulas for the estimation of height were as follows: for boys, 2.40 × KH (cm) + 1.36 × age (years) + 20.31; and for girls, 2.48 × KH (cm) + 1.15 × age (years) + 19.58 (adjusted R2=0.97). Knee height increased earlier than sitting height in both boys and girls during childhood to adolescent period. Boys had a longer period of knee height increment than girls.
Conclusion Knee height may be a useful alternative to estimate height in children. Knee height increases faster than height and sitting height in both boys and girls.
Cost analysis of congenital heart disease patients who underwent diagnostic catheterization
Authors: Wirantari Ni Putu , Gunawijaya Eka , Kartika Yantie Ni Putu Veny
Published: October 2020

Background Cardiac catheterization has developed into an important technique for diagnosis and management of congenital heart disease (CHD) patients. Catheterization is expensive and almost all patients who undergo the procedure at Sanglah General Hospital are participants of the Social Insurance Administration Organization (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial/BPJS) that uses the Indonesian Case-Based Groups (INA-CBGs) payment system.
Objective To determine the characteristics and analyze costs of CHD patients who underwent diagnostic catheterization.
Methods This retrospective study used patient medical record data from March 2009 - July 2018 in Sanglah Hospital, Bali. Data collected included CHD type, age, sex, weight, height, nutritional status, length of procedure, complications, hospital rates, and INA-CBG rates. Data analysis was done with SPSS software.
Results Of 219 CHD patients who underwent non-intervention catheterization, most had cyanotic CHD. Catheterization intervention in 2018 showed a discrepancy between the INA-CBG rate and hospital rate. The biggest difference was 107%, in patients who underwent mild heart intervention with class 3 of treatment.
Conclusion Most subjects are diagnosed with cyanotic CHD especially tetralogy of Fallot and most has already received intervention. There are negative differences between the INA-CBG rates and the hospital real rates for catheterization.
Age at menarche and body fat in adolescent girls
Authors: Pulungan Aman Bhakti , Nugraheni Resyana Putri , Advani Najib , Akib Arwin AP , Devaera Yoga , Sjakti Hikari Ambara , Andarie Attika Adrianti
Published: October 2020

Background Menarcheal age is important in adolescent girls due to its associations with health outcomes at adulthood. Modifiable factors that may influence menarcheal age include body fat mass and fat distribution.

Objective: To investigate possible correlations between body fat mass and fat distribution with age at menarche in adolescent girls.

Methods This study was a cross-sectional study on 32 girls aged 10-15 years in Central Jakarta, who experienced menarche within the time period of July to September 2019. Data on menarcheal age was collected by recall. Body fat mass and distribution were calculated using anthropometric measurements and bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA) results.

Results  The mean age of study subjects was 12.06 (SD 0.82) years and the mean age at menarche was 11.91 (SD 0.83) years. Correlation tests revealed a moderate negative correlation between body mass index-for-age and menarcheal age (r= -0.45; P=0.01) and weak negative correlation between waist-height ratio and menarcheal age (r= -0.37; P=0.03).

Conclusion Menarcheal age is correlated with body mass index-for-age and waist-height ratio. However, no significant correlations between menarcheal age and body fat mass or distribution are found.
Brain natriuretic peptide and atrial septal defect size in children
Authors: Lawang Siti Aizah , Huntoyungo Haryanty Kartini , Daud Dasril
Published: October 2020

Background Atrial septal defect (ASD) is one of the most common forms of congenital heart disease (CHD). Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a heart marker released into the circulation during pressure overload, heart volume expansion, and increased stress on +the myocardial wall.

Objective To assess for a possible association between atrial septal defect size and BNP level in pediatric patients.

Methods This cross sectional study on children with ASD was done from March to December 2018 in pediatric outpatients and inpatients at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, South Sulawesi.  Measurement of ASD defect was conducted using echocardiography and categorized as small defect (<3 mm), medium defect (3-8 mm), and large defect (>8 mm). Brain natriuretic peptide was measured using radioimmunoassay and immunoradiometricassay. Nutritional status was categorized using WHO if the patients aged younger than 5 years and NCHS for patients aged equal or more than 5-year-old.

Results Mean BNP levels were 65.5 pg/mL in the small ASD group, 273.2 pg/mL in the moderate ASD group, and in 654.5 pg/mL in the large ASD group, with significant differences among ASD groups. We found a significant positive correlation between BNP levels and ASD diameter (r=0.829; P=0.001), with Y regression equation of: (BNP level) =2.624 + 0.009X (ASD diameter in mm).

Conclusion Brain natriuretic peptide levels have significant positive correlation with ASD size. Hence, BNP measurements can be used to predict septal defect size in children with ASD. Acyanotic CHD patients with suspected ASD and high BNP levels may have moderate-to-large ASDs.
An Engineering Model of the COVID-19 Trajectory to Predict Success of Isolation Initiatives
Authors: King Steven , Striolo Alberto
Published: October 2020

Much media and societal attention is today focused on how to best control the spread of Covid-19. Every day brings us new data, and policymakers are implementing different strategies in different countries to manage the impact of Covid-19. To respond to the first wave of infection, several countries, including the UK, opted for isolation/lockdown initiatives, with different degrees of rigour. Data showed that these initiatives have yield the expected results in terms of containing the rapid trajectory of the virus. When this manuscript was first prepared, the affected societies were wondering when the isolation/lockdown initiatives should be lifted. While detailed epidemiologic, economic as well as social studies would be required to answer this question completely, we employ here a simple engineering model. Albeit simple, the model is capable of reproducing the main features of the data reported in the literature concerning the Covid-19 trajectory in different countries, including the increase in cases in countries following the initially successful isolation/lockdown initiatives. Keeping in mind the simplicity of the model, we attempt to draw some conclusions, which seem to suggest that a decrease in the number of infected individuals after the initiation of isolation/lockdown initiatives does not necessarily guarantee that the virus trajectory is under control. Within the limit of this model, it would appear that rigid isolation/lockdown initiatives for the medium term would lead to achieving the desired control over the spread of the virus. This observation seems consistent with the past summer months, during which the Covid-19 trajectory seemed to be almost under control across most European countries. However, recent data show that the virus trajectory is again on the rise. The latter is also consistent with the simple model proposed here. Because the optimal solution will achieve control over the spread of the virus while minimising negative societal impacts due to isolation/lockdown, which include but are not limited to economic and mental health aspects, the engineering model presented here is not sufficient to provide the desired answer. However, the model seems to suggest that to keep the Covid-19 trajectory under control, a series of short-to-medium term isolation measures should be put in place until one or more of the following scenarios is achieved: a cure has been developed and has become accessible to the population at large; a vaccine has been developed, tested, and distributed to large portions of the population; a sufficiently large portion of the population has developed resistance to the Covid-19 virus; or the virus itself has become less aggressive. It is somewhat remarkable that an engineering model, despite all its approximations, provides suggestions consistent with advanced epidemiologic models developed by several experts in the field.
Nano Technology based Topical Semisolid Pharmaceutical dosage Forms
Authors: B Yuvan , C Inniya
Published: October 2020

The pharmaceutical semisolid dosages are normally present in the form of paste, creams, gels, ointments. Generally these types of semisolid dosages are used only externally such as skin allergies, injuries, etc. The bases used in the semisolid pharmaceutical dosage are more sensitive to the skin. The topical semisolid medical dosages are spread smoothly on the body surface. It will react with the cells and injuries for long time because it adhered for long time. The main advantages of the semisolid dosage are it does not create side effects. This paper proposes the Nano technology based semisolid dosages which are more effective than conventional semisolids.
Separation and Recognition of Keratinophilic Fungi from Soil of Gwalior section and their manage by Methanolic Plant extorts
Authors: Ali Mustafa
Published: October 2020

Microorganism is ubiquition in nature. A large number of microbes are current in our atmosphere. The human body occurs in active stability with these microbes .illness occurs when a microbe infiltrate the body surface of tissues. In these it multiplies and the cumulation effect infects infections damage of disrupt tissues and organs and disease results. In the present study, we found that A. Fumigatus, T. mentagrophyte, T. rubrum. E. Floccosum and chrysosporium sp., A. Niger were the most prevalent keratinophilic fungi found in the soil of Gwalior region, which we have secluded. In vitero evalution was conducted for kindliness testing with 5 different methanolic plant extracts for the reserve of hyphal enlargement and spore formation in A. Fumigatus, T. mentagrophyte, T. rubrum. E. Floccosum and chrysosporium sp. evalution antifungal activity was carried out by disc diffusion method and well dispersal method. Plant secondary metabolites have been of attention to man for a lon time due to their pharmacological relevance. Higher and aeromatic plant have traditional been used in medicines due to their inhibitory effect on various microbes and they also have antifungal properties .most of their properties are due to essential oil product by their minor metabolite. Our study shows that fungal disease is common in human being. With the emergence of new efficient system and tropical antifungal therapies. Tgere has been greater need search for substitute antifungal agent from microorganisms or plant. In this paper it can be accomplished that keratinophilic fungi occurs in the Gwalior section and we have used methanolic plant extracts against fungi. These extracts obtain from plant material. They can also be indulgence against fungi. In this way we have concluded that fresh methanolic plant extracts can be used us antifungal agent as they are found be successful against the test fungi. The ultimate termination of this study supports the conservative medicine use of different plant extracts in treating different infections caused by pathogenic fungi in gwalior either by using a single or combined extracts.
Separation from Brain Magnetic Resonance images (MRI) using Multistage Thresholding Technique
Authors: bonga Siya , ra Shi
Published: October 2020

Image separation is a significant task concerned in dissimilar areas from image dispensation to picture examination. One of the simplest methods for image segmentation is thresholding. Though, many thresholding methods are based on a bi-level thresholding process. These methods can be extensive to form multi-level thresholding, but they become computationally expensive since a large number of iterations would be necessary for computing the most select threshold values. In order to conquer this difficulty, a new process based on a Shrinking Search Space (3S) algorithm is proposed in this paper. The method is applied on statistical bi-level thresholding approaches including Entropy, Cross-entropy, Covariance, and Divergent Based Thresholding (DBT), to attain multi-level thresholding and used for separation from brain MRI images. The paper demonstrates that the collision of the proposed 3S method on the DBT method is more important than the other bi-level thresholding approaches. Comparing the results of using the proposed approach against those of the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering method demonstrates a better segmentation performance by improving the comparison index from 0.58 in FCM to 0.68 in the 3S method. Also, this method has a lower calculation impediment of around 0.37s with admiration to 157s dispensation time in FCM. In addition, the FCM approach does not always guarantee the convergence, whilst the 3S method always converges to the optimal result.
Advanced brain injury Neuroprotection therapy
Authors: R T Sathik , K Thanish
Published: October 2020

Head injury typically talks about to TBI, but is a larger category because it can includeinjury to assemblies other than the intelligence, such as the scalp and skull. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disturbs a rising portion of the people and endures to take national attention with early payment in imaging equipment and in debt of long-term effects. TBI is a most important cause of death and failure to wide-reaching, specifically in teen-agers and undeveloped adults. Males withstand traumatic brain injuries additional habitually than do females. Though, there is great variance in TBI handlingprocedures due to injury inconsistency and absence of both automatousconsiderate and robust treatment references. In Recent years proposes three differenthandlingmethods, all which key purpose at cheering neuroprotection after that TBI, show possibilities: instantaneous hypothermia, hyperbaric oxygen, and progesterone enhancement. The investigation is provocative at times, yet there are profuseopenings to develop the knowledgebehind schedule hypothermia and hyperbaric oxygen therapy which would confidently aid in make straight the current data. Additionally, while progesterone has already been packaged in nanoparticle form it may benefit from continued formulation and managementinvestigation. The treatments and the opportunities for development isgo through in the present paper.
Tri phasic therapy for sudden cardiac arrest
Authors: C Kavinaya , L Ashuthoshkumar
Published: October 2020

Ventricular fibrillation is a disorder in which present uncooperative shrivelling of the cardiac muscle of the ventricles in the mood, production them shiver rather than indenture properly. Ventricular fibrillation is the record normally recognized in cardiac trepidation patients.Two phasic defibrillation waveforms are most popularly recognized rather the effect of dismissing ventricularfibrillation (VF) than monophasic waveforms. The hypothesis phases improve the efficiency there are two phases are improved than one, this unsurprisinglyindications to the hypothesis. Our research leads to adding one additional phase to patterned hypothesis. We observed the effectiveness of 19dissimilartriphasic waveforms in chorus.We confirmed the degree of recovery, i.e., effective defibrillation, of 22 guinea livestock (825-1100 g) using single phasic, two phasic andtriphasic, defibrillation waveforms. We can control the single phase and bi phase waveforms. VF was electrically talked into twenty times per visceral and a single defibrillation challenge was prepared using a test waveform VF episode. All waveform was used to the energy prerequisite to defibrillate that bodily 55% of the time, by means of a biphasic waveform as acontrol.
An electronic gadget to control wheelchair motion using tongue gesture
Authors: K S Abbirame , A S Haripriya , V Aravind , G Jamuna
Published: October 2020

Tongue drive system (TDS) is a tongue operated unobtrusive assistive technology,which can potentially provide people with severe disabilities with effective access and environment control.It translate user’s intentions into control commands by detecting and classifying their voluntary tongue motion utilizing a small permanent magnet,secured on the tongue and an array of magnetic sensors mounted on the mouth the magnetic sensor are nothing but hall effect sensors. a hall effect sensor is a transducerthat varies its output voltage in response to changes in magnetic field.in its simplest form the sensor operates as an analogue transducer, directly returning a voltage. With a known magnetic field, its distance from the hall plate can be determined. Wheel chair is made up of high torque geared DC motors, the motors direction can be changed through the set of instructions given from the hall effect sensor and the action of these instructions is already loaded into the microcontroller using embedded C programming. Complete system proposed in this paper has been designed around PIC microcontroller and a RF module. The design has been tested and result achieved confirms the design approach illustrated.
Beneficial Medicine Observing in Psychotherapy: A Significant Step in Medical Practice
Authors: P O Alastair , E B Culbert
Published: October 2020

TDM in psychotherapy is an instrument to optimize the beneficial regimens in medical practice. Psychopharmacology encompasses those drugs which metabolize and their metabolites also are active in the body. CYP-450 of antipsychotics is unique as the drugs are lipid soluble and the assorted class of drugs act on dissimilar types of receptors and produce changeable responses. A variety of techniques are concerned to approximate the drug levels of those drugs. HPLC is a golden typical to assay the serum drug attentiveness of these drugs. The metabolites can also be assayed along with the parent drug. TDM of these drugs if applied at tertiary care, individualization of amount regime of these drugs can help the outcomes of analysis and even drug-drug communication can exhibit the PK/PD nature of such drugs.
The Combination of Carbon Source and the Addition of Phenylacetic Acid (PAA) to Growth Medium Penicillium chrysogenum to Enhance of Penicillin (Pen G) Production
Authors: Sari Martha , Dirayanti Dirayanti , Septiana Eris , Bustanussalam Bustanussalam , Mustopa Apon Zaenal
Published: October 2020

The nutrition factor governs the growth and production of Penicillin G (Pen G) by Penicillium chrysogenum in a broth medium. Proper nutrition can improve Pen G antibiotic production. In this research, the optimal condition for Pen G production from P. chrysogenum in a standard culture medium and various carbon sources medium (glucose, lactose, maltose, and sucrose) were done for ten days. Phenylacetic Acid (PAA) precursor at 0.0 – 0.6 gL-1 (increment 0.1) was used to improve Pen G production. The Pen G was detected by HPLC, compared with the standard (Penicillin G Sodium Salt). The results showed that the PDB standard medium and lactose medium (150 rpm, at 30°C) produced 0.425 gL-1 and 0.107 gL-1 Pen G. Addition of 0.6 gL-1 PAA improved the Pen G production up to 0.045 gL-1 in the PDB medium, become the final concentration of 0.470 gL-1 and 2.460 gL-1 in the lactose medium, become the final concentration of 2.565 gL-1. The antibiotic’s activity against the pathogenic bacteria, i.e., B. subtilis, S. aureus, and S. typhi employing the disk diffusion method, has been done. The TLC method’s detection of the potential Pen G spots was conducted with ethyl acetate: distilled water: acetic acid (60:20:20) as the mobile phase. The Pen G extracts could inhibit the growth of all tested bacteria in Rf 0.65. This study informs the proper combination of carbon source and precursor effects and increases the bioproduction of Pen G from P. chrysogenum.
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Screening of Endophytic Fungi Culture Filtrate from Purwoceng (Pimpinella alpina Molk) Leaf
Authors: Aminin Agustina L. N. , Cahyanti Nur , Sari Alfina , Mulyani Nies Suci , Cahyono Bambang
Published: October 2020

This is a preliminary study to determine the bioactivity potential of purwoceng leaf endophytic fungal metabolites. Endophytic fungi were isolated from purwoceng leaf and their secondary metabolite from culture filtrate were subjected to identify the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and phytochemical screening. The antioxidant activity was screened by scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The antimicrobial activity was screened using a good agar method toward Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Candida albicans. This study obtained five distinctive endophytic fungi isolates named A, B, C, D, and E. The endophytic fungal culture filtrate of C has the most extensive antimicrobial activity with phytochemical screening showing alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids. The antioxidant potential of all culture filtrates seemed low because the DPPH amount was interfered with by pigment compounds. Culture filtrate of fungi A showed the highest antioxidant activity and contained phenolic and alkaloid compounds.
Clinical Utility of Cardiac Troponin I and Cardiac Troponin T Measurements
Authors: Adamcová Michaela , Kokštein Zdeněk , Vávrová Jaroslava
Published: October 2020

The measurement of CK-MB remains the test of choice for confirmation or exclusion of AMI and probably will remain the test of choice for routine diagnosis in the near future. Nowadays determination of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) as a method relatively expensive and time-consuming should be restricted to clinical settings that really require their high specificity.
The Effects of Subchronical Exposure to SO2 on Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Suchánková Jana , Višňovský Peter , Geršl Vladimír , Fiala Zdeněk , Mazurová Yvona , Palička Vladimír , Vávrová Jaroslava , Voglová Jaroslava
Published: October 2020

The effects of subchronical exposure to SO2 (400 ppm, 3 hours daily, 28 days) on biochemical and hematological parameters were investigated in guinea pigs. Mostly no significant changes in the values of biochemical parameters and no significant changes in hematological parameters were found. The levels of investigated ions (K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca++, Mg++ and phosphates), proteins (albumines, globulines, total proteins), enzymes (LD, ALT, AST, CK) and other biochemical parameters (urea, creatinine, bilirubin) were not significantly different between groups, with the exception of a significantly higher ALP concentration in the exposed group as compared with controls (2.17 mkat and 1.85 mkat, respectively). It can be concluded that a subchronical exposure to sulphur dioxide mostly did not induce any definite changes in biochemical and hematological parameters in guinea pigs.
Children Pain During Dental Treatment
Authors: Mareš Jiří , Hesová Marie , Skalská Hana , Hubková Věra , Chmelařová Romana
Published: October 2020

This research work was done on the set of 69 children and adolescents 6-14 years old at the children's department of the dental clinic, university hospital in Hradec Králové. We found their expectancy of dental pain inadequate to reality: 67 % children overestimated expected pain, 12 % underestimated it. It does not see that children feelings prior to very performance would signalize in advance how much unpleasant or painful the dental procedure is going to be. We have not found any significant difference in either understanding the instruction or sticking to them, or general cooperation of children. The average time interval of dental procedures fluctuated between 18 and 40 minutes, children were not given any anesthetics (with exception of two cases of extractions) which could be one of the causes of distress. From all the chidren 35 % experienced pain in the dental chair and were able to assess it by VAS and verbally characterize its quality. According to the view of children assessing the subjectively experienced pain intensity there exist two types of dental procedures: the first type being represented by painless but demanding patience procedures, the second group of painful treatment (making fillings or extractions). There were no statistical difference between girls and boys in their experiencing pain but there was some difference between girls and boys as went for an approach of health workers: these much more often tried to support girls.
Change-of-Direction Ability, Linear Sprint Speed, and Sprint Momentum in Elite Female Athletes: Differences Between Three Different Team Sports
Authors: Freitas Tomás T. , Pereira Lucas A. , Alcaraz Pedro E. , Comyns Thomas M. , Azevedo Paulo H.S.M. , Loturco Irineu
Published: October 2020

Freitas, TT, Pereira, LA, Alcaraz, PE, Comyns, TM, Azevedo, PHSM, and Loturco, I. Change-of-direction ability, linear sprint speed, and sprint momentum in elite female athletes: differences between three different team sports. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 262–267, 2022—The aim of this study was to compare the performance of elite female players from 3 different sports in linear sprint and change-of-direction (COD) tests and examine their efficiency for changing direction through the calculation of the COD deficit (i.e., the difference in velocity between a linear sprint and a COD task of equal distance). One hundred fifty-four elite players (rugby, n = 40, national team members; soccer, n = 57 and handball n = 57, first division players from the respective Brazilian National Championships) were assessed in the 20-m linear sprint and Zigzag COD tests. A one-way analysis of variance with a Tukey post hoc was used to detect between-sport differences. Female rugby sevens players achieved faster sprint velocities than handball (20‐m: 6.21 ± 0.24 m·s−1; 6.07 ± 0.27 m·s−1, respectively; p < 0.05) and soccer players (5‐m: 4.71 ± 0.26 m·s−1 vs. 4.51 ± 0.20 m·s−1; and 20‐m: 6.08 ± 0.19 m·s−1; p < 0.05) and exhibited the greatest COD deficits (2.95 ± 0.25 m·s−1; 2.69 ± 0.19 m·s−1; 2.82 ± 0.17 m·s−1, for rugby, handball, and soccer, respectively; p < 0.05). Handball players outperformed all other athletes in the Zigzag test (3.38 ± 0.15 m·s−1; 3.26 ± 0.10 m·s−1; 3.26 ± 0.10 m·s−1, for handball, rugby, and soccer, respectively; p < 0.05) but presented the lowest COD deficits (p < 0.05). Furthermore, soccer players displayed inferior sprint momentum when compared with the other sports (p < 0.05). Linear sprint and COD ability differ significantly among elite female athletes from different team sports, with handball players exhibiting a greater COD speed and efficiency to change direction, with respect to their maximum sprint velocity. The between-sport differences observed suggests that specific training and game demands may affect both sprint and COD performance.
Empowering the Workforce in Post–COVID-19 Smart Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Wuest Thorsten , Romero David , Cavuoto Lora A. , Megahed Fadel M.
Published: October 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed many issues within the global value chains and caught many companies with their guard down during the early stages of their digital transformation. Several COVID-19 mitigation measures, such as travel restrictions, social distancing, and remote work were quickly introduced, and many manufacturing companies have struggled to keep their factories operational. As a result, smart technologies, such as artificial intelligence and wearables, have been rapidly deployed on the shop floor to mitigate the COVID-19 impact with the short-term objective of keeping the workforce safe and the facilities compliant with the requirements to remain open. The majority of these newly introduced and rapidly deployed smart systems carry a significant price tag. This paper explores the impacts of this rapid adoption of smart technologies with regard to the workforce’s role in smart manufacturing systems during and post–COVID-19. Furthermore, we attempt to provide initial insights to the question: “What is the long-term impact and value of these rapidly deployed and sophisticated smart technologies in the post–COVID-19 Smart Manufacturing Systems?”