bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From the Roman Empire to Rio de Janeiro: society and models of sustainable water management
Authors: Prioste Mauro , Formiga-Johnsson Rosa Maria , Ohnuma Junior Alfredo Akira
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this article is to carry out a content analysis around the historical influence of ancient societies’ ideas regarding sustainable water management. Ancient civilizations developed models and practices for the drainage, intake and transport of rainwater and wastewater. Despite the Roman Empire and the Moorish domination, Lisbon maintained its characteristics until the formation of the Kingdom of Portugal, undergoing an urban and sanitary revolution, which lasted until the 19th Century, when the Portuguese Royal Family moved to Brazil. Rio de Janeiro was chosen as the capital of the Kingdom of Portugal, undergoing several alterations inherited from the models and practices of irrigation techniques, hydraulic engineering and architecture of Lisbon. Data compilation in electronic spreadsheets and the use of NVivo software facilitated organizing the information and conclude that sustainable management models can be replicated as an inheritance of ancient societies.
Tourism Advertisement Management and Effective Tools in Tourism Industry
Authors: Salehi Hassan , Farahbakhsh Morteza
Published: January 2022

The definition of tourism “is the travel for recreational, leisure, family or business purposes, usually of a limited duration. Tourism is commonly associated with trans-national travel, but may also refer to travel to another location within the same country”. Tourism as an industry, in today’s modern language is a means of global communication between nations and travelers of all countries, introducing them to the various cultures and societies abroad, as well there history, ancient, historical sites, and languages. Hence, advertising overall has become a tool of necessity in this ever-growing global industry. Given that, tourism is a part of the infrastructure of any country’s economy the growth and development of tourism is of great importance. Advertising plays a vital and is a crucial tool in developing the countries tourism by attractively presenting the nations points-of-interests, historical and cultural. Advertising has a central role in expanding this industry, generating economic growth in this area, as well as creating direct and indirect employment, but most importantly a creative innovating competition in the national and international travel industry. Importantly, to achieve a successful tourist industry, the Travel Agencies and governmental offices of the Ministry’s of Tourism and Business must work hand-in-hand to attain these goals. This article shows the impact of the various media and advertising methods used in tourism, which assisted in identifying the correct tool for expanding the country’s industry of tourism. The results of this study illustrated that the appropriate tools for promotional strategies to attract domestic and foreign traveler’s, found to be the most effective were, handbook, internet advertising, TV, brochures, newspapers.
Carbon Sequestration Potential of Kpashimi Forest Reserve, Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Jibrin Abdullahi , Zubairu Sule Mohammed , Abdulkadir Aishatu , Kaura Sakoma J , Baminda Amos Bitrus
Published: January 2022

This study provides a preliminary assessment of the biophysical potential for carbon sequestration. Quantification of carbon stock and estimation of carbon sequestration potential was carried out in the Kpashimi Forest Reserve, Niger state, Nigeria. Carbon stock was measured in the six vegetation communities existing in the study area. Forty-eight randomly selected 20 x 20 metre quadrats were established wherein data was collected from the main forest carbon pools; including above ground tree, below ground root, undergrowth (shrub grasses), dead wood, litter and soil organic carbon. Biomass of the respective pools was quantified by destructive sampling and use of allometric equations. Thereafter, biomass values were converted to carbon stock equivalent. Four satellite imageries TM, SPOT, ETM+, and NIGERIASAT-1 of 1987, 1994, 2001 and 2007 respectively were used to estimate vegetation cover and carbon stock change over 20 years. The results showed that average carbon stock density (Mg C/ha) of the vegetation communities was in the decreasing order; Riparian forest (123.58 ± 9.1), Savanna woodland (97.71 ± 8.2), Degraded forest (62.92 ± 6.1), Scrubland (36.28 ± 4.1), Grassland (18.22 ± 5.1), and bare surface (9.31 ± 3.1). Deforestation and forest degradation between 1987 and 2007 have resulted in emission of 240.2 Mg (ton) C ha-1 at an annual rate of 12.01 Mg C ha-1. This suggests that the study site has carbon sequestration potential of 240.2 Mg C ha-1 based on its capacity to increase carbon stock through restoration; back to speculated 1987 levels and even higher. Thus, the study recommends the need to analyse carbon offset project feasibility in the study area.
Tectomagmatic Origin of the Zahedan Batholiths – South East Iran (Reling on Intergrated Outcrop Study of the Petrology of High Mass in Loochan, Southwest Zahedan)
Authors: Sahebzadeh Behrooz
Published: January 2022

Zahedan batholiths, the largest intrusive igneous mass in Sistan Suture zone, in Southeast of Iran during the Eocene - Oligocene is formed in this zone. The mass of igneous outcrops in a narrow mass with scattered outcrops Larger populations with continuous advice, The Afghan Block of East and West Blocks of Lout outcrop at the surface, Granitoid batholiths magma intrusion in the petrographical Zahedan region specific and that the mass of Tectomagmatic origin of calc-alkaline and per aluminous igneous intrusion that is Melting of continental sedimentary rocks in the shallow crust Lateral movement of the compression zone includes the land area is under construction.
Inversion of Electrical Resistivity Data by VES Method for Water Exploring Case Study: South West of Iran
Authors: Alvandi Ahmad , Babaei Mojtaba
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this research is to explore the water in the south west of Hamedan which has many environmental problems and very few water resources. Also in the area, due to the lack of awareness, the farmers excavate the wells with high cost that results in declining water table. The collected data was investigated via the electrical probing at the Schlumberger array and Jointed with the wells data and geological information. The data processing was performed by conventional methods of calculation and utilized specialized software WINSEV, RES2D, RES3D, 2WIN at direct and inversion states. Finally the results of the research are acceptable and pleasant.
Problems of Mechanized Tunneling In Gassy Ground Conditions a Case Study: Nousoud Water Transmission Tunnel
Authors: Tali Naser , Lashkaripour Gholam Reza , Ghafoori Mohamad , Hafezimoghadas Naser
Published: January 2022

Current advances in science, followed by development of excavation equipments technology resulted in growth of tunnelling projects for different purposes. In spite of conducting exploratory studies prior to these projects, in some cases due to of impassable paths, the studies are limited to certain areas. Hence, during geotechnical studies, it is possible that all problems facing tunnelling not be detected. Therefore, lack of awareness of these conditions can result in a lack of proper planning and consequently lead to problems during the projects. Due to the lack of knowledge and consequently not predicting and planning the projects, drilling of the second sector of Nousoud water transmission tunnel, -26 km long- has been faced with many problems including emission of hydrogen sulfide and methane gas and drainage of high volumes of water containing dissolved gas into the tunnel, which has led to the loss of life, loss of working efficiency, as well as increased project costs. In this study, problems occurred in this project, reasons behind them will be addressed; and the solutions to these problems will be mentioned. The results of the study have shown that oil-bearing formations of the region and the immigration of gases coming from these formations have let the gas entered into the tunnel. In addition, due to the high solubility of hydrogen sulfide and methane gas in water on one hand, and hydrated formations with high permeability on the other hand, caused the influx of large quantities of water and therefore the concentration of these gases in the tunnel.
Spline Methods for a Class of Singularly Perturbed Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Ogunlaran O.M , Taiwo O.A
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we develop numerical methods based on a non-polynomial spline function with uniform grid for solving certain class of singularly perturbed boundary value problems. The proposed methods are second-order and fourth-order accurate. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methods.
Explicit Numerical Solution of High - Dimensional Advection - Diffusion
Authors: Bayatmanesh Elham
Published: January 2022

The Several numerical techniques have been developed and compared for solving the one-dimensional and three-dimentional advection-diffusion equation with constant coefficients. the subject has played very important roles to fluid dynamics as well as many other field of science and engineering. In this article, we will be presenting the of n-dimentional and we neglect the numerical examples.
Applied Optimization and Approximation
Authors: Olteanu Octav
Published: January 2022

The present work deals with optimization in kinematics, generalizing previous results of the author. A second theme is maximizing the constrained gain linear function and minimizing the constrained cost function. Elementary notions of optimal control are considered as well. Finally, polynomial approximation results on unbounded subsets in several variables are applied to the moment problem. The existence of the solution of a two dimensional moment problem is characterized in terms of quadratic forms.
Green Transformation and its Application on Shipping Service Complex
Authors: Wang Xuefeng , Wang Mingyang , Wu Pengcheng , Huang Tianrong , Jiang Huixian
Published: January 2022

This article is written under the context of old construction Shanghai Shipping Service Complex (SSC) around the port. These buildings are too old to keep pace with the development and urgent to be upgraded. This article generally introduced the green transformation methods and application on the existing buildings in the urban old port district. In order to facilitate the green transformation of the SSC, we carried out an investigation upon the construction, structure design, specific building materials and interior decoration of the original building to form a general understanding. By combining its location features and functional orientation, the optimal transformation scheme was completed through the comparison of the building projects, structural analysis, and energy-saving transformation program. Meanwhile, the effect of the preliminary scheme was tested via energy-saving calculation, computer simulation and field testing. A third party was introduced to certificate the technological application to prove the safety and reliability of the scheme.
Effect of Substrates on Nutritional Composition and Functional Properties of Pleurotus Ostreatus
Authors: E. G Mbassi Josiane , Y Mobou Estelle , A Ngome Francis , S. L Sado Kamdem
Published: January 2022

Pleurotus species, commonly known as oyster mushrooms, are edible fungi cultivated worldwide. Pleurotus genus is one of most extensively studied white-rot fungi due to its exceptional ligninolytic properties. These mushrooms have the ability to colonize and degrade a wide variety of lingo-cellulosic wastes with relatively short cycle. The objective of this study was to review published research works on the effect of substrates on nutritional composition and functional property of Pleurotus ostreatus. A literature search was done on the internet and university libraries in this area. It was found that different substrates used in cultivating mushrooms do have effect on the functional, organoleptic and nutritional properties of mushrooms. This review presents a practical checklist of effect of substrates on quality of Pleurotus ostreatus that may help different users.
Rural Farmers’ Coping Strategies to Effects of Climate Change on Watermelon Production in Igboora, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: W. O Oyediran , A. M Omoare , F. A Alaka , A. A Shobowale , O. B Oladoyinbo
Published: January 2022

In the past two decades watermelon production has been a major source of livelihood sustainability in the rural farming system especially among the younger farmers. In recent time however, climate change has threatened and undermined this potential. This study was therefore carried out to assess rural farmers’ coping strategies to effects of climate change on watermelon production in Igboora, Oyo State, Nigeria. Multi stage sampling technique was used to select 150 watermelon farmers as sample size for this study. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were used to analyse the data. The findings showed that there was significant relationship between respondent’s personal characteristics and coping strategies adopted by the watermelon farmers at p < 0.05 level. Also, there was significant relationship between sources of information and coping strategies adopted by the watermelon farmers at p < 0.05 level. It is hereby recommends that effort should be put in place by the government and Seed Council of Nigeria (SCN) to come up with improved, and high drought and disease resistant watermelon seeds to increase productivity and reduce cost of seeds importation in the study area.
Selected Saturated Chlorinated Hydrocarbons and Their Properties in Relationship of Resistance of Butyl-Rubber Polymeric Materials
Authors: Otřísal Pavel , Florus Stanislav
Published: January 2022

The article describes how to test isolative resistance times of the protective folio based on a polyamide carrier fabric coating with butyl-rubber polymer mixture measured by the linear substituted saturated chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons. Information about quality of means of isolative protection is very important. Their availability may be limited, and therefore, in some cases will need to rely on the value of breakthrough times for basic hydrides of hydrocarbons, which are not substituted.
A Comparative and Corelative Study On Body Composition and Motor Performance of 14 Years Old Boys of Four Different Altitudes of Darjeeling District
Authors: Gurung Jyan Chandra , Banerjee Krishna
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the study was to find out the difference in Body composition (skinfolds) and motor performance of 14 years old boys of Darjeeling. The samples are school students. Researcher had taken 100 male students each from Sukhia Pokhari Higher Secondary School (Alt.-7200 ft.), Trunbull higher Secondary school (Alt.-6700 ft.), Jnanpith High school (Alt.-3000 ft.) and Kadamtala High School(Alt.-430 ft.). Researcher had measured height and weight as personal data measured skinfolds of triceps, biceps, subscapular, supra spinale, iliac creast and medial calf for body composition. 50 mt. dash, shuttle run, standing broad jump and sit ups were motor performance parameters. It has been observed that there were significant differences in medial calf skinfold thickness, agility and strength endurance.
G-Force Exposure in a Contact Sport: The Use of Accelerometers to Quantify Physical Stress
Authors: McHugh M.P , Kwiecien S.Y , Hannon M.P , Stewart R.J
Published: January 2022

GPS-based analyses of movement patterns are inadequate for quantifying the physical stress imposed on athletes in contact sports. Accelerometers may be useful for monitoring such athletes. The purpose of this study was to use triaxial accelerometers to record G-force exposure in Gaelic football players to examine differences in G-force exposure between games and practices and between playing positions. A small triaxial accelerometer with a flash memory chip data logger was fitted to the waistband of players’ shorts. Game and practice data were acquired at 100 Hz (scale ±16G) from 19 club level players (age 25±7 yr). Resultant G-force was: calculated for each data point from the raw accelerometer data collected in all three planes of motion and analyzed by quantifying the time spent above different G-force thresholds. Player positions were categorized as central (half backs/half forwards/midfield) and peripheral (full back/full forward) with central players typically more involved in continuous running. ANOVA with Bonferroni corrections was used to compare G-force exposure between games vs. practices, and between central vs. peripheral players (practice not position dependent). Differences between games and practices were apparent for time >3G, >4G, and >5G with more time at these thresholds in practices versus games (P=0.003), indicating higher G-force exposure in practices versus games. In games central players had greater time at >2G and >3G (P<0.001). Accelerometry analysis was effective in distinguishing player position-dependent differences in G-force exposure, and differences between games and practices. These differences indicate that the method of analysis of G-force exposure used here may be of utility for quantifying the physical stresses imposed on athletes in contact sports.
The Study of Life Style and Demographic Characteristics of Iranian Elderly
Authors: Taheri Morteza
Published: January 2022

Successful aging is largely determined by individual lifestyle choices. The purpose of this study was to determine the Status of Lifestyle in elderly population of Qazvin city. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the life style among 183 elderly selected randomly in health clinic. Lifestyle elderly questionnaire in five domains including lifestyle, prevention, exercise, nutrition, stress and relationships was used. Pearson, ANOVA and independent T-tests were applied at significance level of 0.05. The results suggested that life style has a positive correlation with prevention, exercise, nutrition, relationship On the other hand, there was a negative significant correlation between stress and life style, prevention, exercise and the positive relationship were found between exercise and relationships, nutrition. Due to growing elderly population and the importance of healthy lifestyle, it's recommended that appropriate strategies be implemented for improving healthy lifestyle in elderly population. Consequently, Older adults adopting more healthy lifestyles are more likely to maintain active life style.
Competency Assessment of Veterinary Medicine Students Who are Trained in Basra Veterinary Hospital - 2017
Authors: Tabeekh Mudhar A. S Abu
Published: January 2022

This study designated to evaluate the competency of veterinary students who are trained in Basra Veterinary Hospital-Basra governorate- Iraq. In the student life, performance evaluations should revealed areas of excellence. Very little research has considered in training evaluation in a veterinary sciences. The test was carried out by the students of the Veterinary Medicine College- Basra University from the third and fourth stages who succeeded to the fourth and fifth stages. One hundred and two students participated in the performance evaluation, 47 students from the fourth stage and 55 from the third stage. Totally, there were 100 multiple questions presented to the participants. The questions included 13 aspects of veterinary sciences disciplines. The results of this study revealed that the evaluation of the competency of veterinary students in the fourth stage was higher compared to the third stage by comparing the percentage of correct answers for both groups (65.86 and 60.95) respectively. In addition, the two groups recorded high percentage in physiology correct answers and low percentage in animal hygiene for the fourth year students and infectious diseases for the third year.
Rey, Fernando, Derecho Antidiscriminatorio, Aranzadi, Navarra, 1ª ed., 2019, 373 pp., ISBN: 978-84-1308-709-2
Authors: Souto Galván Clara
Published: January 2022

El autor de esta obra, Fernando Rey es catedrático de Derecho Constitucional de la Universidad de Valladolid, escritor de una extensísima bibliografía, ha centrado sus investigaciones sobre todo en los derechos fundamentales. Su interés por la igualdad y el principio de no discriminación han dado como fruto esta excelente obra «Derecho antidiscriminatorio» donde aborda el nacimiento de esta nueva rama del derecho en el ámbito de los derechos fundamentales. El autor a lo largo de este libro mostrará las relaciones de semejanza y de diferencia, entre el concepto de «discriminación» respecto del más general y clásico de «igualdad».
Logomítica. La humanización del ser humano por la palabra
Authors: Osorio-Herrera Bayron León , Cardona-Suárez Natalia
Published: January 2022

Estamos en presencia de una crisis antropológica, ubicada en el lenguaje, que diezma a la humanidad y que se identifica con una crisis gramatical. Crisis gramatical que vincula el estatuto ontológico del ser humano en cuanto ser dotado de la palabra. Palabra que lo hace humano y lo pone en relación directa con el otro en orden a su humanidad en el escenario de creación. Pero, por desfortuna, en la actualidad, la palabra es un medio de violencia más, hecho que se desliza en la crisis antropológica que nos asiste.
Reconciliación y obligación política. Discusiones desde la filosofía del poder y el constitucionalismo
Authors: Maldonado Sagre Lina , Plata Pineda Oswaldo , Gallo Callejas Mauricio Andrés
Published: January 2022

El libro ofrece una amplia reflexión sobre los desafíos propios del anhelo por romper un ciclo de guerra y muerte injustificables. Ello, desde tres perspectivas independientes, cuyos puntos de encuentro y de choque quedarán sujetos a las conclusiones del lector y que podemos resumir desde la siguiente línea: Cortés ofrece razones para que las víctimas del mal radical puedan auto-describirse como partícipes de la referida relación política con sus victimarios; Plata afirma que el hacer parte de un proceso de reconciliación es (debe ser) el resultado de una decisión ética de un agente moral, constitutiva de su búsqueda de la buena vida; y, por último, Gallo nos invita a no caer en el juego de los poderosos, de quienes usan la paz como estrategia para acallar la voz de nuestras eternas minorías, o lo que es igual, pero dicho desde el horizonte ideológico que le sirve de guía, nos invita a que no se pierda de vista que “[r]econocer que el nuestro es un mundo de desigualdades
Nutritional enhancement of Ghanaian weaning foods using the orange flesh sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas)
Authors:   Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama, Bonsi EA , Plahar WA ,   CSIR, The Food Research Institute, Accra, Ghana, Zabawa R ,   Tuskegee University, Alabama
Published: January 2022

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a public health problem in Ghana. Research on the orange flesh sweet potato root has been given prominence because of its high β - carotene content as a means to enhance the nutritive value and vitamin A content of the traditional diets of Ghanaian children as a long -term intervention towards combating VAD. Two Ghanaian cereal -legume weaning foods: roasted maize- soy blend and fermented maize -soy blend were added to Orange Flesh Sweet potato (O FS) flour from the variety, Beauregard, to develop four weaning food formulations . To each product formulation preparation, 25% and 50% OFS flour was added to the basic cereal - legume meals , and mixed thoroughly. The four weaning formulations were evaluated for chemical composition, sensory characteristics and consumer acceptability. All samples had a range of protein (12.1% - 15%), fat (4.8% - 6.4%), carbohydrate (71.1% – 75.1%), energy (380 - 390 kcal/100g) and minerals (calcium, iron and phosphorus) to ensure good nutrient density, while the moisture content was low (5.3% - 6.1%) for storage stability. The contribution of β -carotene ( 55.18 –115.55 ug/g) by the OFS in the formulations further enhanced the nutritive value of all the blends and is enough to meet the daily β -carotene needs of the children ( 1-6 yrs of 400 -450ug/100g). A higher level of β -carotene was seen in the roasted maize meal weaning foods which make s them a better potential blend for combating VAD. Also, sensory evaluation of the products indicated the highest consumer acceptability score (87%) for the roasted maize meal porridge formulation containing 25% OFS . It is, therefore , concluded that OFS flour has the potential to be used at 25% replacement level in the soy- fortified roasted maize meal formulation, and OFS is a useful ingredient with the potential to improve the β -carotene or vitamin A content of such formulations . This will help alleviate vitamin A deficiency of children in Ghana and other countries with similar problems . It is , therefore, recommended that the orange flesh sweet potato flour be used by mothers as an entry point for enhancing the traditional weaning food preparations .
Kim były szesnastowieczne malarki, murarki i mydlarki?
Authors: Luto-Kamińska Anetta
Published: January 2022

Artykuł opisuje trudności związane z interpretacją szesnastowiecznych nazw kobiet utworzonych od męskich nazw zawodowych. Badany materiał leksykalny ograniczono do żeńskich formacji utworzonych za pomocą przyrostka -ka od męskich nazw na -arz. Dzięki takiemu wyraźnemu zawężeniu formalnemu poddano analizie wszystkie feminatywa z tej klasy odnotowane w SPXVI oraz dodatkowe wystąpienia pochodzące z ekscerpcji własnej, które stanowiły ponad 60% przeanalizowanych tu użyć tekstowych. Skupiono się na dwu produktywnych wówczas funkcjach przyrostka -ka tworzącego nomina feminativa – nazwy żon oraz feminatywa „proste”, czyli takie, w których formant wnosi do znaczenia podstawy słowotwórczej jedynie znaczenie żeńskości. Analizie poddano ponad 60 leksemów. W pierwszej kolejności zbadano wszystkie zarejestrowane wystąpienia każdego wyrazu w renesansowych tekstach, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem użyć w źródłach nieliterackich, dostarczających autentycznych danych historycznych o opisywanych osobach. Uzyskane informacje skonfrontowano z: 1) ustaleniami historyków, demografów czy socjologów badających rolę kobiety w renesansowym społeczeństwie oraz możliwości podejmowania przez nią pracy zarobkowej i wykonywania konkretnych zawodów; 2) opisami leksykograficznymi poszczególnych haseł w SPXVI, poszerzając analizę leksykograficzną o leksykę wcześniejszą zarejestrowaną w SStp oraz późniejszą w słowniku źródłowym (Cn). Ostatni etap badań obejmował formalną historyczną analizę słowotwórczą opisywanych feminatywów i jej zależności z opisami leksykograficznymi poszczególnych jednostek.
Między aluzyjnością a obrazowością. Wyznaczniki polskiego dyskursu erotycznego epok dawnych (XVI–XVII wiek)
Authors: Rejter Artur
Published: January 2022

W artykule podjęto problem językowych eksponentów dawnego (XVI–XVII wiek) polskiego dyskursu erotycznego. Materiał badawczy stanowiły wybrane teksty reprezentujące styl niski jako bliski odmianie potocznej języka. Wskazano dwie główne tendencje dyskursotwórcze: obrazowość i aluzyjność. Analizy ilustrują uniwersalność zabiegów językowych, ich panchroniczny charakter, funkcje ludyczną i eufemizującą. Potwierdzony został także związek badanego dyskursu z potoczną odmianą polszczyzny, a także ze stereotypami językowo-kulturowymi.
Co jest kobietą we współczesnej polszczyźnie?
Authors: Młynarczyk Ewa
Published: January 2022

Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka pod względem formalnym i semantycznym metaforycznego połączenia wyrazowego Coś jest kobietą nierejestrowanego dotychczas w słownikach frazeologicznych. Autorka przedstawia konteksty, w których frazem ten został poświadczony, określa jego ustabilizowaną postać, a także najważniejsze składniki znaczenia globalnego.
Różni ale tacy sami? – stereotypy związane z płcią w wybranych podręcznikach do nauczania języka polskiego jako obcego (poziom A1 i A2)
Authors: Rybka Małgorzata , Wrześniewska-Pietrzak Marta
Published: January 2022

Artykuł podejmuje temat funkcjonowania stereotypów w procesie nauczania dorosłego ucznia języka i kultury polskiej jako obcych. Dzięki prezentowanym podczas lektoratów materiałom dydaktycznym, m.in. podręcznikom i zbiorom ćwiczeń, uczący się (re)konstruują stereotypy Polski, Polaka, Polki, polskiej rodziny, stosunków społecznych. Opis został ograniczony do stereotypów płci i związanych z nimi ról społecznych kobiet i mężczyzn, zainteresowań, a także ich wyglądu zewnętrznego i cech charakteru. Analiza materiału pozwala stwierdzić, że obecny w środkach dydaktycznych stereotypowy obraz płci występuje w różnym stopniu. W analizowanych podręcznikach do nauki języka polskiego jako obcego wydanych na początku XXI wieku treści stereotypu kobiety i mężczyzny ulegają modyfikacjom. Młodzi ludzie bez względu na płeć są otwarci na świat, studiują, podróżują po Polsce i Europie, utrzymują kontakty z rówieśnikami z całego świata. Kobiety, które skończyły już studia, jawią się jako osoby wykonujące zawody dotąd uznawane za profesje kobiece i męskie, podobnie w domu odpowiadają za niemal wszystkie czynności, a mężczyźni to osoby, dla których praca zawodowa jest najważniejsza.
Representation across languages: biographical sociology meets translation and interpretation studies
Authors: Temple Bogusia
Published: January 2022

Biographical approaches are increasingly being used with people who speak and write a range of languages. Even when an account is originally spoken, the final version usually ends up written in the language used by the majority of the population. Researchers have shown that adopting a language that is not the one an account was given in may change how someone is perceived. Yet little has been written by sociologists using biographical approaches about the implications of moving accounts across languages. Researchers within translation and interpretation studies are increasingly tackling issues of representation across languages and developing concepts that can usefully be applied in biographical research. They question the assumption that accounts can be unproblematically transferred across languages and argue for strategies and concepts that “foreignise” texts and challenge the baseline of the target, usually for these writers, English language. However, these concepts bring issues of their own. In this article I examine these developments and give an example from my own cross language research that show that these concepts can begin to open up debates about meaning and representation.
Narrating the Digital Turn: data deluge, technomethodology, and other likely tales
Authors: Given John
Published: January 2022

In this paper it is argued that digital technologies will have a transformative effect in the social sciences in general and in the fast developing field of narrative studies in particular. It is argued that the integrative and interdisciplinary nature of narrative approaches are further enhanced by the development of digital technologies and that the collection of digital data will also drive theoretical and methodological developments in narrative studies. Biographical Sociology will also need to take account of lives lived in, and transformed by, the digital domain. How these technologies may influence data collection methods, how they might influence thinking about what constitutes data, and what effects this might have on the remodeling of theoretical approaches are all pressing questions for the development of a Twenty First Century narratology. As Marshall McLuhan once put it “First we shape our tools and then our tools shape us”.
Research challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic: The experience of a functional genomics laboratory
Authors: Manoj-Kumar Arthikala
Published: January 2022

Measures to mitigate and prevent COVID-19 infections included closing universities around the world for an indefinite time and transferring their educational activities to online platforms. Universities were not prepared for such a transition and the online teaching-learning process evolved gradually. Fortunately, there have been many advances in educational technology in recent decades which proved useful during this pandemic. I am proud that the National School of Higher Studies (Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, ENES), Unidad León, of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), was one of the institutions that was able to make this digital transition. Basic research has faced its own challenges during the current pandemic. My laboratory does functional genomics research in plants with undergraduate and master’s students. The experiments of the students were at different stages when the pandemic began and could not stop going to the laboratory due to the need to care for experimental plants and cell cultures. Different strategies were developed to maintain research activities, such as: 1) Scheduling research shifts to promote social distancing, 2) Postponing non-essential experiments, 3) Rationing research supplies that were in short supply during the pandemic. Personally, I consider that the use of digital platforms has also generated unexpected opportunities such as new types of scientific collaboration. I had enough free time to edit student theses, write and publish research articles. Interestingly, the students in my work team have participated in virtual international scientific conferences, the only format that evolved during this pandemic. Digital platforms allowed tutors to be in constant contact with students to advise and support them emotionally. The students in my laboratory have been through difficult times. I asked them to tell their story in their own words (These can be read in the student’s section. Editor’s Note).
Effect of COVID-19 on the phytosanitary condition and commercialization of avocado in Jalisco
Authors: Castañeda-Cabrera Cecilio , Perales-Segovia Catarino , Miranda-Salcedo Mario A. , González Gaona Ernesto
Published: January 2022

Avocado crop (Persea americana) in Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, Mexico, is affected by pests and diseases that have worsened with the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Damage to fruits has increased due to the reduction of the workforce by more than half, which restricts crop sampling and the timely control of pests. Furthermore, the closure of businesses and the consequent lack of agricultural inputs have affected the management and profitability of avocado crop. The restricted access to markets such as Monterrey, Mexico City and Guadalajara has also affected avocado availability.
COVID-19 impacts on the guava crop production system in Calvillo, Aguascalientes, Mexico
Authors: González-Gaona Ernesto , Padilla-Ramírez José Saúl , Perales-Segovia Catarino , Castañeda-Cabrera Cecilio , Miranda-Salcedo Mario A.
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, caused productive disruptions in the guava production system of the municipality of Calvillo, Aguascalientes. These disruptions included delays in the application of phytosanitary management measures against weevils and fruit flies, pests of quarantine, and economic importance, due to the appearance of positive cases among operational and technical personnel. Manual harvesting, an activity that requires large crews of agricultural workers, was delayed due to labor shortages. The cost and supply of fertilizers and pesticides were also affected due to problems in the supply chains of agro-inputs. The sale price of guava in supply centers and local markets fell on average from 10.83 to 10 MN/kg during the months of highest demand due to a 60% reduction in agricultural activities. In Calvillo, the return of Mexican migrants from the US and the presence of asymptomatic cases influenced the spread of SARS-CoV-2 among the local rural community.
The serial and generation intervals from SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics and their potential application in the epidemiology of two citrus diseases
Authors: Pérez-Hernández Oscar , Sautua Francisco , Domínguez-Monge Santiago , Góngora-Canul Carlos Cecilio , Carmona Marcelo
Published: January 2022

Since the start of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the concepts of serial and generation intervals have been used as key epidemiological measures to understand the transmission dynamics of the disease. We carefully examined and repurposed these concepts to the understanding of the transmission chain and dynamics of two major citrus diseases: tristeza virus (caused by Citrus tristeza virus, CTV) and Huanglongbing (caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus). Following the fundamental definition of the concepts, the review delineates the transmission chain in the SARS-CoV-2 and that of CTV and CLas, pointing out their major similarities and differences. Then, it discusses estimation of the serial and generation intervals and their distributions for both plant diseases. Identification of infector-infectee tree pairs in a transmission chain within orchards is proposed through use of disease incidence data from intensive mapping, spatial pattern analysis, conditional probability, and simulation approaches. Like in SARS-CoV-2 dynamics, pre-symptomatic transmission in these two plant pathosystems is of epidemiological significance. Hence, estimation of the serial and generation interval can lay the foundations to understanding of early disease transmission dynamics, thus the implementation of vector control measures or eradication of infected trees. We hope this review motivates discussions on estimation and usage of these concepts to enhance understanding of the epidemiology of both of the herein examined citrus diseases.
Chlorine and its importance in the inactivation of bacteria, can it inactivate viruses?
Authors: Muñoz-Castellanos Laila Nayzzel , Borrego-Loya Alejandra , Villalba-Bejarano Cindy Viviana , González-Escobedo Román , Orduño-Cruz Nuvia , Villezcas-Villegas Grisel Paloma , Rodríguez-Roque María Janeth , Avila-Quezada Graciela Dolores , Vargas-Arispuro Irasema
Published: January 2022

Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and its active ingredient, hypochlorous acid (HClO), are the most widely used chlorine-based disinfectants. HClO is a fast-acting antimicrobial that interacts with many biomolecules, including amino acids, lipids, nucleic acids, and sulfur containing membrane components, causing cell damage. In this review, we present examples of the effectiveness of chlorine in general disinfection procedures to inactivate bacteria and, under some conditions, bacteria in biofilms and viruses.
Microbial genetic resources in food security to face COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zelaya-Molina Lily Xochilt , De los Santos-Villalobos Sergio , Chávez-Díaz Ismael Fernando , Córdova-Albores Liliana Carolina
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 has had an impact on the regional and worldwide agricultural value chain, jeopardizing food security. It is time to reassess the approach of the agri-food sector and to consider that the food supply and plant health, as agrosystemic services, must depend on strategies with a low impact on productive and environmental assets. One strategy is the use and optimization of microbial genetic resources (MGR) related to agroecosystems as a source of balance, functionality, productivity, inhibition of the impact of pests and pathogens, and contribution to the profitability of agri-food activity. It is necessary to strengthen and develop regional agricultural systems that are dynamic, that mitigate damages to the environment and produce nutritional and nutraceutical foods that ensure human health. Agricultural sciences are undergoing changes in scientific paradigms that will benefit the agri-food sector if we are able to learn from the impacts of an extensive technological agriculture. Approaching agriculture from an agro-systemic point of view in which the crop-community is the functional biological unit of study and to preserve the MGR diversity are the greatest challenges to create sustainable and resilient strategies and technologies that contribute towards human health and help prevent risks during health crises such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Joseph's Personal Spirituality and Adversity Quotient Based on Genesis 37-50: A Content Analysis of Literature
Authors: Pardede Rio Janto , Yatmini Yatmini , Martinus Metboki
Published: January 2022

Success is everyone's dream, but not a few people retreat and even fail because they are not ready to face the process of achieving that success. Joseph is the son who is dearest to his father, but this makes his brother hate him. Joseph is a character in the Bible, and Joseph realized that all the thoughts of his brothers, all the difficulties he experienced, were solely in God's design, and God had a good purpose in the difficulties he experienced. In a sense, Joseph's personal spirituality determines how he can have an adversity quotient so that Joseph became a tough person in facing all the challenges of his life. This study aims to analyze personal spirituality and adversity quotient. The research method used is content analysis. Research questions: what is the relationship between personal spirituality and Adversity Quotient? and to what extent can personal spirituality make someone strong in AQ? The result showed that personal spirituality and adversity quotient is related to one another. Based on the text analysis, it was found that the relationship between personal spirituality and adversity quotient on content: personal spirituality that comes from family influence, personal spirituality that comes from character, Joseph's spirituality in facing challenges (family, female, wealth and power), and personal spirituality in the knowledge of God and understanding His plan thus forming his adversity quotient.
Perilaku Literasi Digital Keagamaan Mahasiswa UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya
Authors: Ramdhani Rizki , Rozas Indri Sudanawati , Rusydiyah Evi Fatimatur
Published: January 2022

State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya (UINSA) implements integrated twin-towers learning model that combines Islamic scholarship with science, technology, social, and humanities. Through this learning model, the students of UINSA get courses on strengthening Islamic values regardless of their study program. Students are required to be independent in learning, including getting religious learning resources that can be accessed via the internet. However, religious information circulating on the internet is not always true and valid, so it affects on student behavior in accessing religious literacy in the digital world. This article aims to describe the level of religious digital literacy behavior on the students of UINSA and is observed based on demographic elements (gender, faculty and education background). The research method was carried out with quantitative approach where data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires referring to the UNESCO Media and Information Literacy Assessment Framework via online. The results of this research indicate that the level of student religious digital literacy behavior is on a advance level. However, in demographic element, it shows various digital literacy levels, there are those who get advanced and intermediate levels. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for university to develop digital religious literacy competencies among their students in the future.
Strategi Komunikasi, Inovasi, dan Mitigasi Penyelenggaraan Ibadah Haji dan Umrah di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Saridi Ardiyamsi Sarmoko , Wibowo Yoga Setyo , Anggela Era
Published: January 2022

In the Covid-19 pandemic era, all national to international aspects has been affected, including religious activities such as the implementation of Hajj and Umrah. Saudi Arabia through The Ministry of Hajj and Umrah only allows domestic pilgrims in 2020. This has caused the Indonesian Government to cancel Hajj departures, thus prolonging the queue of pilgrims in Indonesia. The Indonesian Ministry of Religion needs to adjust the Hajj and Umrah policies in the pandemic era, by designing a message communication strategy, innovation and Hajj mitigation for prospective pilgrims. Problems and challenges in communicating the message, including differences knowledge of prospective pilgrims regarding Hajj procedures, the dominance of elderly prospective pilgrims, education levels, and various demographic characteristics of socio-economic need to be considered. This article aims to describe the expectations of prospective pilgrims for the 2021 hajj departure and how the right model of communication, innovation and mitigation strategy for hajj and umrah during the pandemic. This research method uses a mix-method approach through a survey involving 1201 prospective pilgrims from 34 provinces in Indonesia using telesurvey methods and literature studies. This research found that prospective pilgrims have high expectations (9.17 from 10) for the 2021 Hajj departure. In communicating information related to the implementation of the hajj and umrah pilgrimages during the pandemic, the government needs to produce clear, meaningful, one narrative, empathetic, consistent and contextual message. In addition, it also build harmonization of communication through the family system between government institutions, as well as providing guidance related to health protocols and emotional support by hajj officers and scholars to prospective pilgrims who get cancelation on hajj departure.
Dimensi Eko-Eskatologis dalam Mitos Penciptaan pada Masyarakat Manggarai Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Juhani Sefrianus , Firmanto Antonius Denny
Published: January 2022

One of the problems suspected to be faced by human is environmental problems. Whereas in various traditions generated by the ancestors, it encourages harmony between human life and nature through mythology, including the teachings of eschatology. The ecological crisis that occurred because of leaving the concept of eco-eschatology in religion and culture. This paper aims to find the ecoeschatological dimension in the creation myth of the Manggarai Community, NTT. The study used qualitative approach with ethnographic methods. Data were obtained through interviews with several key informants from several villages in Manggarai. The results of the study found two myths that have the eco-eschatological  local wisdom, namely the myth of the origin of humans and the origin of plants. There are several eco-eschatological meanings in the creation myth, those are everything was created by Morin, all creations have an eschatological future, and there is continuity and discontinuity between the old creation in the world and the new creation in the eschatological world. These meanings bear some resemblance to the teachings in Catholic theology of creation. This finding contributes to the Church in efforts to sensitize the people in relation to the ecological crisis. In addition, local wisdom is also the basis for the environmental conservation movement.