bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Calcium Chloride, Magnesium Sulfate, and Maleic Acid Spraying on Growth and Yield of Two Potato Varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Agha Badran , Nameer Najeeb Fadhil  , AL-Hamadany Shamil Younis Hasan
Published: September 2024

Two different potato varieties, Riviera and Argana, were used in this study to evaluate their performance under the influence of foliar fertilization (calcium and magnesium) at four concentrations (0%, 0.5%, and 1% calcium chloride, and 0.4% magnesium sulfate) and foliar spraying with malic acid at three concentrations (0, 250, and 500 mg L-1) in the vegetable field of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design at the College of Agriculture and Forestry during the spring growing season of 2023. The study was conducted using a complete randomized block design with three replicates. Argana variety showed significant superiority over Riviera in traits such as plant height, leaf area, average tuber weight, and yield per plant, while Riviera variety outperformed Argana significantly in the number of aerial stems. The best yield per plant for Argana variety was obtained with 0.4% magnesium sulfate and 250 mg L-1 malic acid treatment, while the best plant height was achieved in the same variety with 0.4% magnesium sulfate and 500 mg L-1 malic acid treatment. The highest number of stems was observed in Riviera variety with 0% calcium chloride and 500 mg L-1 malic acid treatment, while the lowest was in Argana variety with 0.5% calcium chloride and 250 mg L-1 malic acid treatment. The highest leaf area was found in Riviera variety treated with 0.5% calcium chloride and 0 mg L-1 malic acid, while the lowest was in the control treatment of the same variety. The highest average tuber weight was recorded in Argana variety with 0.5% calcium chloride and 250 mg L-1 malic acid treatment, while the lowest was in Riviera variety with 0% calcium chloride and 250 mg L-1 malic acid treatment
Open Defecation and Water-Related Parasitic Diseases Burden: Case Study in Nigeria — A Review
Authors: E.C. Amadi , A.C. Ike , E.A. Eze , S. Onah I. Enemour , I.O. Imanyikwa
Published: September 2024

Open defecation and its water-related parasitic diseases burdens are very grave health issues in Nigeria, all underdeveloped/developing countries; and large populations are at risks. Study was based on data collection through primary and secondary sources. 20% of Nigerians still openly defecate and stands 25th in the world rating; most Europe and North America is free of this habit, and 68% Niger Republican still indulge and they’re the worst in the world. It is most common where toilet facilities, pipe borne water, poor sewage disposal, homeless and illiteracy thrive. It’s done by various methods; government/non-government agencies, enlightened/semi-literate/literates (e.g., undergraduates in hostels) are involved. Burdens of this habit politically, economically, health-wise, and socially is heavy. Associated water-related parasitic pathogens which contaminate water resources include: Protozoa (9); Platyhelminthes (13); and nematodes (7). Burdens/effects, of various serious diseases, are high on the nation. Open defecation is the major means of seeding parasites into soils/water-resources/bodies. Rural communities are at highest risk of these parasitic-water-borne diseases. Implications of these findings suggest that parasitic organisms are maintained by a viable ecosystem in remote settlements/many urban areas among the poor. Preventive measures: boiling/treating potable water; government/non-governmental agencies provision of pipe-borne water; wells, ponds, bore holes, streams; protections of water-resources from contaminations.
Biophilic Architecture: A Sustainable Healing Strategy in Rehabilitation Centers in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: Amadi Dennis Ejike , Ichendu Chima
Published: September 2024

This research analyzes the potential of Biophilic design as a sustainable healing technique in rehabilitation centers situated in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Drawing from the rich biodiversity and cultural past of the region, Biophilic design concepts are investigated as a technique to boost the physical and mental well-being of patients undergoing rehabilitation. By integrating natural components and patterns into the constructed environment, rehabilitation institutions can provide therapeutic places favorable to healing and recovery. In the context of rehabilitation institutions, adopting Biophilic design concepts can provide several benefits to patients, including stress reduction, enhanced mood, and speedier recovery. This paper presents strategies for applying Biophilic design in the Niger Delta’s rehabilitation centers and examines the socio-environmental benefits of such an approach.
Visceral Fat Increases Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Mohajan Devajit , Mohajan Haradhan Kumar
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study is to discuss the increase in risk for obesity-related disorders. It is believed that such complications arise due to store of visceral fat. The visceral fat is considered as an independent predictor of all-cause of mortality among type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Higher visceral fat is associated with an adverse lipid and glucose profile. Accumulation of visceral fat is located inside the abdominal cavity and surrounds internal organs, such as in the liver, stomach, kidneys, pancreas, intestines, and heart. Store of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is characterized as pro-inflammatory, metabolically active, and susceptible to lipolysis. This study tries to present briefly the harmful activities of visceral fat in human body.
Research on Security Issues of Artificial Intelligence in Smart IoT and Electrical Automation
Authors: Li Shangpeng
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in smart IoT and electrical automation, along with the security challenges it brings. It outlines the important roles of smart IoT and electrical automation, and the opportunities and challenges that AI presents within them. The paper analyzes potential data security, algorithmic security, and system security issues that may arise from AI and proposes corresponding countermeasures. Through case studies, it demonstrates practical effectiveness and concludes by emphasizing the practical significance of researching security issues in this field and future prospects.
The Role of Logistics Innovation in Enhancing Supply Chain Efficiency: A Case Study Analysis
Authors: Tang Yuming
Published: September 2024

This paper delves into the role of logistics innovation in enhancing supply chain efficiency and demonstrates through case studies the positive impact of logistics innovation on cost control, customer service, environmental sustainability, and corporate competitiveness. The study finds that by introducing automation and information technology, companies can significantly improve the speed and accuracy of logistics operations, reduce operational costs, enhance customer satisfaction, promote environmental sustainability, and enhance market competitiveness. The research also proposes application suggestions for logistics innovation in supply chain management, including continuous investment in technological innovation, strengthening data analysis capabilities, promoting green logistics practices, strengthening customer participation, and establishing a flexible supply chain. Finally, the study points out the limitations of the research and provides suggestions for future research directions.
Cross-Border Data Sharing and Sovereignty: Reactions of Non-EU Countries to Article 32 of the Budapest Convention
Authors: Matei Gabriela I.
Published: September 2024

This paper examines the concerns of non-EU countries regarding Article 32 of the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime, which allows cross-border access to stored computer data under certain conditions. While Article 32 aims to enhance international cooperation in combating cybercrime, it has been met with resistance from several non-EU countries due to perceived threats to national sovereignty, conflicts with domestic data protection laws, and concerns over fairness and equity in its application. The paper explores these concerns in detail, highlighting the potential impacts on data privacy, legal autonomy, and international cooperation. It discusses the broader implications of these reactions for global cybersecurity efforts, including the erosion of trust, fragmentation of international frameworks, and challenges to harmonizing cybercrime laws. The paper argues for a more balanced and inclusive approach to cross-border data sharing that respects diverse legal traditions and promotes greater transparency, dialogue, and mutual trust among nations. Addressing these concerns is crucial for ensuring that the Budapest Convention remains an effective tool for combating cybercrime in a way that is fair, equitable, and respectful of all countries’ interests.
The ‘Manifest Injustice’ Clause in Article 4 of the Hague Convention on Private International Law: Applicability in International Commercial Contract Disputes
Authors: Farouq Yara M. A.
Published: September 2024

This paper critically examines the ‘manifest injustice’ clause in Article 4 of the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements, focusing on its applicability in international commercial contract disputes. The clause serves as a safeguard to ensure fairness in choice of court agreements by allowing courts to set aside agreements that result in unjust outcomes for one of the parties. The paper explores various contexts in which this clause applies, such as situations involving unequal bargaining power, fraud, duress, coercion, procedural injustice, and unconscionable terms. It also discusses the significant legal challenges associated with its application, including the lack of a clear definition, variability in judicial interpretation, conflicts with the principle of party autonomy, and evidentiary burdens. The paper concludes that while the ‘manifest injustice’ clause is a critical tool for promoting fairness in international commerce, its effectiveness depends on the development of clearer guidelines and more consistent jurisprudence to harmonize its interpretation across jurisdictions, thereby enhancing its role in ensuring justice and equity in cross-border contractual relationships.
Changes Unseen in A Century: Changes in Concepts of Governance and China’s Responses
Authors: Zhang Qiyu
Published: September 2024

Today’s world is in a situation of “Changes Unseen in A Century”. Wu Yujin’s holistic view of world history reveals the overall development law of world history, and provides ideas for the study of changes in the concept of global governance. In the face of the “Changes”, China should, on the one hand, actively participate in global governance, continuously promote the building of a community of human destiny, respect the consensus of the international community, and enhance its ability to participate in and formulate the rules of global governance; and on the other hand, emphasize the shaping of its soft power to enhance its own governance capacity.
Legal Provisions and Practical Effects of Burden of Proof in Online Copyright Infringement Cases Under China’s Copyright Law
Authors: Zhang Haonan
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the legal provisions and practical effects of the burden of proof in online copyright infringement cases under China’s Copyright Law. With the rapid growth of digital technology and the increasing prevalence of online platforms, copyright infringement has become a significant challenge in China. The paper examines the specific rules set forth in the Copyright Law, particularly those that allow for a shift in the burden of proof upon the presentation of preliminary evidence by the copyright holder. It analyzes the impact of these provisions on both plaintiffs and defendants, highlighting the benefits of empowering copyright holders and the challenges associated with procedural fairness, evidentiary standards, and judicial consistency. The paper also discusses the evolving use of digital evidence, such as blockchain technology, and the need for clearer guidelines to balance the rights of all parties. Ultimately, it argues for continued refinement of the legal framework to ensure effective and equitable copyright enforcement in the digital age.
Teaching Reading Strategies and Challenges in the New Normal: Context of a School District in Northern Luzon
Authors: Hagid Malin M. , Apostol Elma P.
Published: September 2024

The strategies in teaching reading and challenges encountered by teachers are influenced by a number of interrelated factors. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches through the descriptive and comparative methods, this study determined the level of utilization of teaching reading strategies by teachers in pre-reading, while-reading and post-reading. It also examined whether there exists a significant difference in the level of utilization when responses are grouped according to grade level and school classification. Moreover, the study brought out the challenges encountered by the elementary teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings showed that the level of utilization of teaching reading strategies along pre-reading, while-reading and post-reading is moderate. Further, there are no significant differences in the level of utilization of the teaching reading strategies when grouped according to grade level. and school classification. The challenges encountered included limitation of assistance and teaching time, transportation of teachers for their home visitation, pupils’ lack of interest, lack of assistors/guidance from the family, and lack of supplementary reading materials at home. From these, it could be concluded that the teaching of reading is greatly affected by the pupils’ circumstances.
The Role of CPD Programs in Supporting Teachers’ Application of Innovative Teaching Methods
Authors: V. Petar N.
Published: September 2024

Continuous Professional Development (CPD) programs are critical in equipping teachers with the skills, knowledge, and confidence required to adopt innovative teaching methods that enhance educational outcomes. This paper explores the role of CPD in promoting innovative practices in teaching, highlighting how these programs enhance pedagogical skills, foster a growth mindset, and support the integration of student-centered learning models. Despite the significant benefits, CPD faces challenges, including time constraints, inadequate funding, and the misalignment of content with teachers’ practical needs. Addressing these challenges is essential for maximizing CPD’s impact. Future directions for CPD include leveraging technology, fostering collaborative learning environments, and providing personalized and continuous support through coaching and mentoring. By evolving to meet the diverse needs of educators, CPD can play a transformative role in driving educational innovation, ultimately empowering teachers to better prepare students for the demands of the 21st century.
Analyzing Strategies for Enhancing Classroom Interaction and Knowledge Application Through Application-Oriented Pre-Class Preparation Materials
Authors: Ibarra Lucía V. , Cárdenas Valeria S.
Published: September 2024

This study explores the impact of application-oriented pre-class preparation materials on enhancing classroom interaction and fostering the practical application of knowledge. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and classroom observations in two undergraduate courses: sociology and mechanical engineering. The findings reveal that materials such as case studies, problem-based learning (PBL) scenarios, and simulations significantly increase student engagement, participation, and critical thinking. Additionally, the use of these materials shifts the role of instructors from content deliverers to facilitators of learning, promoting a more collaborative and inclusive classroom environment. However, the study also identifies challenges, including task complexity and the need for adequate support and scaffolding to ensure accessibility for all students. These insights provide actionable recommendations for educators and suggest directions for future research to further optimize the use of application-oriented materials in diverse educational contexts.
Reevaluating health metrics: Unraveling the limitations of disability-adjusted life years as an indicator in disease burden assessment
Authors: Beresniak Ariel , Bremond-Gignac Dominique , Dupont Danielle , Duru Gerard
Published: September 2024

In 1993, the World Bank released a global report on the efficacy of health promotion, introducing the disability-adjusted life years (DALY) as a novel indicator. The DALY, a composite metric incorporating temporal and qualitative data, is grounded in preferences regarding disability status. This review delineates the algorithm used to calculate the value of the proposed DALY synthetic indicator and elucidates key methodological challenges associated with its application. In contrast to the quality-adjusted life years approach, derived from multi-attribute utility theory, the DALY stands as an independent synthetic indicator that adopts the assumptions of the Time Trade Off utility technique to define Disability Weights. Claiming to rely on no mathematical or economic theory, DALY users appear to have exempted themselves from verifying whether this indicator meets the classical properties required of all indicators, notably content validity, reliability, specificity, and sensitivity. The DALY concept emerged primarily to facilitate comparisons of the health impacts of various diseases globally within the framework of the Global Burden of Disease initiative, leading to numerous publications in international literature. Despite widespread adoption, the DALY synthetic indicator has prompted significant methodological concerns since its inception, manifesting in inconsistent and non-reproducible results. Given the substantial diffusion of the DALY indicator and its critical role in health impact assessments, a reassessment is warranted. This reconsideration is imperative for enhancing the robustness and reliability of public health decision-making processes.
Getting physical with medical education: Exercise based virtual anatomy review classes for medical students
Authors: Samarasinghe Nadeesha R , Nagpal Taniya S , Barbeau Michele L , Martin Charys M
Published: September 2024

The benefits of regular physical activity are well known. Yet, few studies have examined the effectiveness of integrating physical activity (PA) into curricula within a post-secondary setting. To investigate the incorporation of PA into medical curriculum, we developed a series of optional exercise-based review sessions designed to reinforce musculoskeletal (MSK) anatomy course material. These synchronous sessions were co-taught by a group fitness instructor and an anatomy instructor. The fitness instructor would lead students through both strength and yoga style exercises, while the anatomy instructor asked questions about relevant anatomical structures related to course material previously covered. After the sessions, participants were asked to evaluate the classes on their self-reported exam preparedness in improving MSK anatomy knowledge, PA levels, and mental wellbeing. Thirty participants completed surveys; a majority agreed that the classes increased understanding of MSK concepts (90.0%) and activity levels (97.7%). Many (70.0%) felt that the classes helped reduce stress. The majority of respondents (90.0%) agreed that the classes contributed to increased feelings of social connectedness. Overall, medical students saw benefit in PA based interventions to supplement MSK course concepts. Along with increasing activity levels and promoting health behaviours, integrating PA into medical curriculum may improve comprehension of learning material, alleviate stress and foster social connectivity among medical students.
Gender disparities and woman-specific trends in Barrett’s esophagus in the United States: An 11-year nationwide population-based study
Authors: Fatakhova Karina , Inayat Faisal , Ali Hassam , Patel Pratik , Rehman Attiq Ur , Afzal Arslan , Sarfraz Muhammad , Sarfraz Shiza , Nawaz Gul , Chaudhry Ahtshamullah , Dhillon Rubaid , Dilibe Arthur , Glazebnik Benjamin , Jones Lindsey , Glazer Emily
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a known premalignant precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The prevalence rates continue to rise in the United States, but many patients who are at risk of EAC are not screened. Current practice guidelines include male gender as a predisposing factor for BE and EAC. The population-based clinical evidence regarding female gender remains limited.

AIM

To study comparative trends of gender disparities in patients with BE in the United States.

METHODS

A nationwide retrospective study was conducted using the 2009-2019 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Patients with a primary or secondary diagnosis code of BE were identified. The major outcome of interest was determining the gender disparities in patients with BE. Trend analysis for respective outcomes for females was also reported to ascertain any time-based shifts.

RESULTS

We identified 1204190 patients with BE for the study period. Among the included patients, 717439 (59.6%) were men and 486751 (40.4%) were women. The mean age was higher in women than in men (67.1 ± 0.4 vs 66.6 ± 0.3 years, P < 0.001). The rate of BE per 100000 total NIS hospitalizations for males increased from 144.6 in 2009 to 213.4 in 2019 (P < 0.001). The rate for females increased from 96.8 in 2009 to 148.7 in 2019 (P < 0.001). There was a higher frequency of obesity among women compared to men (17.4% vs 12.6%, P < 0.001). Obesity prevalence among females increased from 12.3% in 2009 to 21.9% in 2019 (P < 0.001). A lower prevalence of smoking was noted in women than in men (20.8% vs 35.7%, P < 0.001). However, trend analysis showed an increasing prevalence of smoking among women, from 12.9% in 2009 to 30.7% in 2019 (P < 0.001). Additionally, there was a lower prevalence of alcohol abuse, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ), and diabetes mellitus among females than males (P < 0.001). Trend analysis showed an increasing prevalence of alcohol use disorder and a decreasing prevalence of H. pylori and diabetes mellitus among women (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of BE among women has steadily increased from 2009 to 2019. The existing knowledge concerning BE development has historically focused on men, but our findings show that the risk in women is not insignificant.
Harnessing artificial intelligence for identifying conflicts of interest in research
Authors: Nashwan Abdulqadir J
Published: September 2024

This editorial explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in identifying conflicts of interest (COIs) within academic and scientific research. By harnessing advanced data analysis, pattern recognition, and natural language processing techniques, AI offers innovative solutions for enhancing transparency and integrity in research. This editorial discusses how AI can automatically detect COIs, integrate data from various sources, and streamline reporting processes, thereby maintaining the credibility of scientific findings.
Computation of integral transforms in terms of double hypergeometric series ψ2 with applications
Authors: Belafhal Abdelmajid , Chib Salma , Usman Talha
Published: September 2024

The principal aim of the present paper is to evaluate a new integral transform involving the product of two Bessel Functions of the first kind expressed in terms of the Humbert function ψ2. We also derive some interesting special cases from the main result of this paper. The presented result will be applied to generate some new laser beams called as the Humbert beams of type-II and study there propagation behaviour. From graphical simulations this type of wave seems interesting and useful in optical trapping which is used in some applications for pushing and moving particles such as: biological cells, neutral atoms, fluorescent, DNA molecules and trapping productivity on nano-sized spheres.
Screen transversal lightlike submersions
Authors: Shivam Omar  , Yogesh Chandra
Published: September 2024

In this article, we introduce a new class of lightlike submersions, namely, screen transversal lightlike submersions from an indefinite Kaehler manifold onto a lightlike manifold. This class includes radical screen transversal and screen transversal anti-invariant lightlike submersions as particular cases. We also study some properties of these submersions.
Countable dense homogeneity property of connected compact manifolds
Authors: T.J. Cinderella , P.B. Vinod Kumar
Published: September 2024

Let X be a connected compact manifold and H(X) denote the set of all homeomorphisms from X onto itself. In this paper we provide another proof for the known result that every connected compact manifolds are n−homogeneous and thereby countable dense homogeneous (CDH). We also show that every compact manifold can be expressed as a disjoint union of countable dense subsets. Additionally, we prove that for every h ∈ H(X), ∃ a partition of X in to countable dense subsets on which it is invariant. Mainly, we discuss about the denseness of HA(X) = { h ∈ H(X) | h : A → A is a homeomorphism } in H(X) whenever A is a subset of X. Finally, we prove that if f is a contraction function on X, then the set of all homeomorphisms that commutes with f is a nowhere dense subgroup of H(X).
Lq-norm inequalities for the generalized derivative of a polynomial
Authors: Ganie Bashir Ahmad , Varun  Mohan  , Faroz Ahmad  Bhat  , Hilal Ahmad Dar
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we aim to present some Turan-type inequalities in Lq-norm for the generalized derivative of a polynomial. We further extend these results to the generalized polar derivative. Our results besides generalizing various known results also include other inequalities as special cases.
Paired-Kannan contraction mappings and fixed point results
Authors: Chand Deep , Rohen Yumnan , Fabiano Nicola
Published: September 2024

We introduce a novel contraction concept for mappings within metric spaces called Paired-Kannan contraction. Unlike traditional Kannan contraction mappings, which involve two points, Paired-Kannan contraction mappings extend this concept to three points. We explore their properties, noting that while these mappings may generally be discontinuous, they exhibit continuity at fixed points akin to Kannan contractions. Importantly, we establish that Paired-Kannan contraction mappings constitute distinct entities from traditional Kannan contractions. We prove a fixed point theorem for Paired Kannan contraction mappings and show that conditions like asymptotic regularity and continuity extend these theorems' applicability. Additionally, we derive two new fixed point theorems for these mappings, applicable even in non-complete metric spaces.
Topological degree method for a new class of Φ-Hilfer fractional differential Langevin equation
Authors: Lmou Hamid , Elkhalloufy Khadija , Hilal Khalid , Kajouni Ahmed
Published: September 2024

The aim of this article is to study the existence and uniqueness of the solution of a new class of fractional Langevin Φ-Hilfer differential equations. The proposed study is based on some fundamental definitions of fractional calculus and topological degree theory. We obtained the existence result by employing the topological degree method for condensing maps, and by making use of Banach’s fixed point theorem we deal with the uniqueness result. In order to illustrate our theoretical finding, we provide an example.
On class of bi-nonlocal problems involving fractional p(.,.)-Laplacian operators
Authors: El Alami Omar , Ourraoui Anass
Published: September 2024

This work aims to obtain the existence and multiplicity of solutions for a bi-nonlocal problem involving the p(.,.)-Laplacian operator. Under specific assumptions, the paper uses the Mountain Pass Theorem combined with the Ekeland variational approach to establish the existence of two nontrivial solutions for the problem. The existence of infinitely many solutions is proved using the Symmetric Mountain Pass Theorem and the Ljusternik-Schnirelman Theorem. Finally, we study a p(.,.)-Laplacian problem with non-variational form.
k-free and k-full numbers with prime factors in an arithmetic progression
Authors: Jakimczuk Rafael
Published: September 2024

We apply a classical Wirsing's theorem and study k-free numbers, k-full numbers and perfect powers with prime factors in an arithmetic progression.
The Effect Of Prepregnancy Bmi And Parity On The Duration Of Breastfeeding During Exclusive Breastfeeding
Authors: Trias Novita Regina Vidya , Harnussant Pratiwi
Published: September 2024

Obesity Is a condition in a person who experiences overnutrition, Especially Fat Accumulation, Which cause the body to weight more than normal body weight, Indicated with A Body Mass Index (BMI) of more than 29.9 kg/M2 several International Pieces Of Research State That Obese Mothers Fail To Breastfeed Exclusively. Aside From Maternal BMI, Maternal Characteristics Also Support Exclusive Breastfeeding. Maternal Characteristic Factors Include Age, Parity, And Mother’s Education. This Study Aims To Determine The Correlation Between Prepregnancy BMI And Maternal Characteristic Factors With The Duration Of Breastfeeding During Exclusive Breastfeeding. This Research Is Quantitative Research Using A Cross-Sectional Descriptive-Correlational Method With A Retrospective Approach. The Number Of Samples In This Research Was 300 Mothers Who Met The Inclusion Criteria With The Purposive Sampling Technique. Data were collected and processed statistically using the Chi-Square Test and T-test to determine factors related to breastfeeding duration, and the linear regression test with the backward method was used to determine the most influential factors in breastfeeding.The Chi-Square Test Results Showed That All Variables Were Related To The Duration Of Breastfeeding With A P-value <0.05. The Linear Regression Test Showed That The Factors That Had A Significant Effect On The Duration Of Breastfeeding Were Prepregnancy BMI And Parity With A Significance Of 0.00; judging From The Coefficient B Factor Value Of 0.285, Parity Had A More Dominant Effect.
Family History and Allergies as Risk Factors for Difficulty Eating in Children Aged 6-60 Months
Authors: Yudhasmara Audi , Adani Asrini Kaninta , Dewi Ida Narulita , Judarwanto Widodo , Yudhasmara Sandiaz
Published: September 2024

Eating difficulties in children aged 6-60 months are often associated with family history and allergies. This study aims to analyze the risk factors of family history and allergies concerning eating difficulties in children in Malang City. This research used an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional design. One hundred thirty-eight children aged 6-60 months who participated in Posyandu activities were selected as the research sample. Data were collected through a questionnaire covering risk factors for eating difficulties, and the Pre-School Development Questionnaire (KPSP) was used to assess the children's development. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test. The results showed a significant relationship between family history and allergies with eating difficulties in children (p<0.05). Children with a family history of eating difficulties or allergies were more likely to experience eating difficulties. In conclusion, family history and allergies are significant risk factors for eating difficulties in children aged 6-60 months, and early intervention can help prevent this problem. Further research is needed to explore other risk factors and more effective intervention strategies.
The Modulatory Effect of Exercise on the Endocannabinoid Signaling Pathway in the Epileptic Rats
Authors: Salimi Asal , Ghantabpour Taha , Rasoolijazi Homa , Zavvari Fahime , Jafarian Maryam , Soleimani Mansoureh , Karimzadeh Fariba
Published: September 2024

Background: Regular moderate exercise and endogenous cannabinoid activity have independently been shown to alleviate seizure (SE) attacks. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of physical activity on the expression levels of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors in the brains Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Sham, SE, physical activity (PA), PA + SE, and PA before SE. Epileptic SEs were induced by administering pentylenetetrazol (PTZ; intraperitoneally, 35 mg/kg) every other day for four weeks in the SE, PA + SE, and PA before SE groups. Animals in the PA, PA + SE, and PA before SE groups participated in treadmill running (30 minutes per day, five days a week). The mean number of cortical and hippocampal (CA1, CA3) CB1 and CB2 receptors was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Results: The study data revealed a significant reduction of CB1 and CB2 receptors in the CA1, CA3, and cortex of the SE group compared to the sham group. A significant increase in CB1 receptors was observed in the PA and PA before SE groups compared to the SE group in both cortical and hippocampal areas. Physical activity significantly increased hippocampal and cortical CB2 receptor distribution in the PA, PA + SE, and PA before SE groups compared to the SE group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that exercise modulates the expression of hippocampal and cortical cannabinoid receptors in epileptic rats, highlighting the involvement of the endocannabinoid pathway in the anti-epileptic effects of exercise.
Role of Gluten-Free Diet on HbA1c Level in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Celiac Disease
Authors: Saneifard Hedieh , Sheikhy Ali , Fallahzadeh Aida , Shakiba Marjan , Kazemi Aghdam Maryam , Mosallanejad Asieh
Published: September 2024

Background: Due to autoimmune mechanisms, celiac disease (CD) may affect patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) more than the general population. Objectives: We evaluated the effect of a gluten-free diet (GFD) on HbA1c levels in patients with both type 1 diabetes and CD. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, biochemical and clinical information was gathered from 174 children with T1DM from January 2013 to January 2019. Results: We assessed 174 children with T1DM (93 girls and 81 boys). Celiac disease was diagnosed in 18 out of 174 cases (10.34%). Height and weight percentiles showed significant differences between children with CD and those without CD (P = 0.015 and P = 0.026, respectively). The average HbA1c in the celiac group was 8.61 ± 2.20 (95% CI: 5.1 - 12.1) prior to GFD therapy. HbA1c was assessed six and twelve months following the initiation of the GFD and was found to be 8.32 ± 1.46 (95% CI: 6 - 9.8) and 8.37 ± 1.67 (95% CI: 6.1 - 10.2), respectively. No significant change in HbA1c was observed before and after therapy (P = 0.501). Conclusions: Diabetic children with CD exhibit lower weight and height compared to those without CD. Gluten-free diet therapy in patients with CD did not affect HbA1c levels.
Structural Relationship Between Dark Personality Traits, Morbid Curiosity, and Cognitive Abilities with Addiction Vulnerability
Authors: Ghaemi Ali , Vaghef Ladan , Shalchi Behzad
Published: September 2024

Background: Drug addiction represents a global crisis with increasing rates, particularly in regions like Iran. The widespread impact of addiction on individuals and societies underscores the need for comprehensive research. Providing further context on the global and national scope of the addiction crisis would strengthen the introduction. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the structural relationship between dark personality traits, morbid curiosity, and cognitive abilities, and their influence on vulnerability to addiction among Zanjan University students during the 2020 - 2021 academic year. Materials and Methods: A total of 479 students from Zanjan University were selected through a cluster random sampling method during the 2020 - 2021 academic year. The study utilized the Addiction Vulnerability Scale (Zinali), the Dark Personality Traits Scale (Webster and Johnson), the Morbid Curiosity Scale (Scrivener), and a Cognitive Abilities Scale (Nejati). Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were employed, using tools such as Pearson correlation and structural equations through SPSS 25 and AMOS 24 software. Results: The findings indicated that the model proposed by the researchers demonstrated an acceptable fit. Furthermore, a significant structural relationship was observed between dark personality traits and vulnerability to addiction (P < 0.05) with a path coefficient of 0.37. Additionally, the structural relationship between morbid curiosity and addiction vulnerability was significant (P < 0.05) with a path coefficient of 0.31. Cognitive abilities also had a significant structural relationship with vulnerability to addiction (P < 0.05) with a path coefficient of 0.46. Conclusions: The results of this study provide important insights for the prevention and early identification of addiction in vulnerable populations. These findings have practical applications for educational institutions, addiction treatment centers, and correctional facilities.
Shear Wave Elastography in Evaluating the Efficacy of Liver Microwave Ablation: An Experimental Study
Authors: Xu Dandan , Tian Chao , Wei Shan
Published: September 2024

Background: The effect of microwave ablation on small hepatocellular carcinoma is not significantly different from that of surgical resection. Accurate assessment of the ablation effect is crucial for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of hyperthermia. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the feasibility and accuracy of supersonic shear wave elastography (SWE) in quantitatively evaluating the microwave ablation margin of the liver. Materials and Methods: Three surgeons were each randomly assigned 4 Wuzhishan miniature pigs (WZSPs) to perform 12 ablation procedures at an ablation power of 40 W. Based on the ablation time, the lesions were divided into 15, 30, and 60-second groups. Immediately after ablation, SWE and modulus measurements were performed 5 times for each ablation lesion. The SWE data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Within-group and between-group comparisons were made using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: A total of 144 effective ablations and 131 effective pathological results were obtained. Within the same ablation time, the elastic modulus increased in the surrounding normal tissue, ablation margin, and ablation center regions in a stepwise manner (P < 0.01). However, in the ablation center region, the elastic modulus decreased in a stepwise manner with the shortening of ablation time [60 s (97.16 ± 14.58 kPa) > 30 s (77.84 ± 9.64 kPa) > 15 s (38.92 ± 3.12 kPa)], with statistically significant differences (F = 2,131.832, P < 0.01). The elastic modulus of the ablation margin region at different ablation times remained between 22.68 - 23.56 kPa. Conclusion: The elastic modulus range in the ablation margin region after microwave ablation is relatively fixed. Shear wave elastography aids in the quantitative evaluation of the ablation margin region of the liver and has high practical value in monitoring and evaluating ultrasound ablation.
Evaluation of Salmonella Contamination in Slaughtered Broiler Chickens in Slaughterhouses in Golestan Province, Iran
Authors: Mousavizadeh Monavar-ul-Sadat , Bozorgi Makerani Atefeh , Aminoroya Keyvan , Vakilifar Tahmineh
Published: September 2024

Background: Salmonella species are a primary pathogens of foodborne diseases, widely distributed in nature. Poultry is one of the essential known sources of Salmonella contamination. Slaughtering poultry in slaughterhouses can infect healthy poultry carcasses with Salmonella bacteria. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate Salmonella contamination in slaughtered broiler chickens (SBCs) in slaughterhouses in Golestan province, Iran. Methods: To conduct the present study, 540 samples of SBCs were randomly selected from 12 chicken slaughterhouses in Golestan province, Iran. Frozen chicken samples were taken for analysis from January to March 2024. The national standard method of Iran (ISIRI) (No. 1810-1) was used to identify Salmonella in the selected samples. The total number of microorganisms (TNM) was counted using the surface counting method according to ISIRI (No.5272-2). Finally, the results were statistically analyzed by SPSS software version 22. Results: The results showed that Salmonella was not detected in any of the SBC samples, which indicates the outstanding quality of SBCs in terms of Salmonella. In addition, the average Log value of TNM was 2.81 ± 0.16 cfu/g, less than the permissible limit (log 10 cfu/g = 5 to 6) in all slaughterhouses and sampling months. Conclusions: The results showed that SBCs in Golestan province, Iran's slaughterhouses, are in good condition regarding microbial contamination. However, more studies are suggested to assess the different stages of the slaughterhouse more accurately regarding the presence and transfer of contamination to SBCs.
Perceived Determinants of Economic Success among Rural-based Youth in Wakiso District, Uganda: A Case Study of Namayumba Sub-County
Authors: Lubowa Eriasafu , Atekyereza Peter
Published: September 2024

A study was conducted in 2017 in the sub-county (Namayumba) of Wakiso District in central Uganda to assess the determinants of economic success amongst the rural youth who were perceived by community members to be economically successful. The study adopted a descriptive study design using quantifiable data to statistically analyze a population sample. Data was collected using a questionnaire that was administered to 114 youth from the estimated 160 economically successful youth who lived in the sub-county. The response rate was 100%. Female respondents accounted for 57% and males 43%. Respondents aged 25-30 years accounted for 47.4%, 18-24 years (28.9%), and 31-35 years (23.7%). 85.1% were body-abled and 14.9% had a disability. Underpinned by the theory of sustainable rural livelihood approach, the findings categorically revealed the major perceived determinants of the economic success of the rural youth. Major human capital determinants: attaining secondary education (36.8%), ability to read, write and count (21.4%), and self-determination (18.9%). Major financial determinants: making personal savings (50%), membership in groups (32.7%), keeping money at home (45.6%), and re-investing the savings in business (23.2%). Major physical capital determinant: access to transport facilities (20.6%). Major social capital determinant: working in groups (43.9%). Major natural capital determinant: access to land (32.8%). Other determinants: having control over own money/income (98.2%) and being in good relationships with most family members and people at the workplace (100%). The study recommends that development actors and policymakers to adopt the major determinants of rural-youth economic prosperity.
Full-mouth dental implant rehabilitation for a patient suffering from PapillonLefevre syndrome
Authors: Maalouf Elie , Nassif Wadih , Nakhoul Eliano , Abillamaa Fady , Aoun Georges
Published: September 2024

Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (PLS) is an autosomal recessive disorder that affects the primary and permanent dentitions. It is characterized by severe periodontitis. Titanium implants have emerged as a significant therapeutic option in recent years for both tooth replacement and oral rehabilitation in individuals with PLS. Due to the severe
bone loss, these patients may require bone grafting procedures, sinus lifts, and the alveolar ridge splitting technique (ARST) in order to properly position the implants. This report aims to demonstrate how a patient with PLS can be successfully managed for full-mouth rehabilitation with dental implants and hybrid prosthesis.
Periodontists and prosthodontists should combine their efforts for an optimal customized treatment plan.
Dental implants have been successfully used to restore functionally and esthetically the patient’s mouth.
THE IMMUNOMODULATORY ROLE OF CYTOKINES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF
PERIODONTAL DISEASE
Authors: Aghasyan Eduard
Published: September 2024

Background:Inflammatory periodontal diseases are one of the most acute problems of modern dentistry, which is associated with their widespread prevalence in the world. In the structure of periodontal diseases, periodontitis a leading place in the age group of 40-50 years. Many factors play a role in the etiology of periodontitis, the most important of which are the local microbiota and the host immune response. Cytokines play an extremely important role. Cytokines are key modulators of both homeostasis and inflammatory processes, acting in the first wave of responses against pathogens, stimuli at barrier sites and linking tissue cells to lymphocytes and additional cell populations.
Objective:The aim of the study was to analyze modern literature on the role of cytokines in the etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases.
Materials and methods:Data Extraction: A comprehensive electronic literature search was performed in the following databases:PubMed, Scopus,Web of Scienc, Google Scholar, EBSCO host from 2000 to 2024 terms:
periodontitis, infection, inflammation, immunity, cytokines, interleukin.
124 articles were found and 50 full-text articles of high methodological quality were selected according to the review method used, the PRISMA.
Inclusion criteria:included clinical trials, considered randomized controlled trials, cross-sectional studies, casecontrol studies, and cohort studies in human subjects that evaluated the current literature on the periodontitis,
infection, inflammation, immunity, cytokines, interleukin written in English articles.There was no limitation on minimal quality, minimal sample size, or the number of patients.
Exclusion criteria were:original primary studies, due to language limitations , abstracts, letters to the editor, book chapters, case reports, conference abstracts, duplicate publications, and in vitro and in vivo animal experimental studies.
Result:Many factors of general and local origin are involved in the development and progression of inflammatory periodontal diseases. Microorganisms and their products cause activation of the host immune system, which results in the release of cytokines and other proinflammatory biomarkers that cause tissue damage. The inflammatory
process in periodontal tissues progresses through various stages, beginning with the infiltration of immune cells into the gingival tissue. Immune cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),which further promote inflammation and tissue destruction. The interaction between bacterial biofilm and the immune response, which is mainly controlled by cytokines, determines the course of periodontal disease.
Conclusion:The etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease is quite complex, diverse and not yet fully disclosed. Cytokines are control and modulate the immune response in periodontitis