bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in new versus those patients with previous history of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy on ipsilateral side
Authors: Iqbal Nadeem , Iqbal Sajid , Zareen Nasir , Blair Keron Akintola Ayodele
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To appraise the effects of previous history of ineffectual extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) treatment on the execution and end result of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Methods: The study was performed from January 2012 till November 2019 at the urology department at our hospital, a tertiary healthcare center. In total, four hundred and twenty two patients were enrolled in the study. We arranged the study participants into two groups. Group-I comprised of 66 subjects who had undergone failed SWL 12 months prior to PCNL procedure, while Group-II included patients who had no history of previous SWL. Information related to study variables was registered in designated proformas and then processed in SPSS version 16 for the statistical computations.

Results: On the whole, the mean age of patients was 45.25± 14.38 years. While the mean calculus size was 494.80±128.83 mm2. The complexity of stones formulated on the basis of Guy’s stone score was identical among the two groups. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class categories were almost similar among the two groups. Stone free rates of 80.30% and 81.74% (p value=0.73) were observed in Group-I and II respectively. Time to create PCNL tract and mean drop in hemoglobin were noted to be significantly higher in Group-I. Complication rates and grades were not being dissimilar among the two groups.

Conclusion: Patients having prior history of unsuccessful SWL history before undertaking the PCNL procedure manifested similar stone free rates and complications rates as those observed in SWL naive cases of PCNL.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5116

How to cite this:Iqbal N, Iqbal S, Zareen N, Blair KAA. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in new versus those patients with previous history of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy on ipsilateral side. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5116

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Burden of cardiovascular dysfunction and outcome among term newborns having birth asphyxia
Authors: Shakir Waqas , Rehman Abdur , Arshad M Sohail , Fatima Nazia
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To find out the burden of cardiovascular dysfunction and outcome among term newborns having birth asphyxia.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at The Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Multan from August 2020 to March 2021.A total of 171 term newborns having asphyxia were enrolled. Detailed history along with clinical and physical examination were done at the time of admission at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). All neonates were followed up for duration of 14 days following birth. Echocardiographic patterns as well as electrocardiography grading were described among neonates with cardiovascular abnormalities.

Results: Out of a total of 171 neonates, there were 94 (55.0%) male and 77 (45.0%) female. Lowe segment cesarean section was the mode of delivery in 72 (42.1%) while normal vaginal delivery was noted in 99 (57.9%). Mean gestational age was noted to be 38.3±1.8 weeks. Mean birth weight was calculated to be 2574.10±122.30 grams. Cardiovascular dysfunction was noted among 60 (35.1%) neonates as exhibited by the use of inotropes while abnormal ECHO was observed in 52 (30.4%), abnormal ECG in 27 (15.8%) and elevated CK-MB in 31 (18.1%). A total of 29 (17.0%) asphyxiated neonates died while among 60 asphyxiated neonates with cardiovascular dysfunction, 23 (38.3%) died and all remaining survived and discharged (p<0.0001).

Conclusion: Cardiovascular dysfunction among asphyxiated neonates was found to be in high proportion of cases. Cardiovascular dysfunction was noted to have significant association with poor outcome.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5160

How to cite this:Shakir W, Abdur-Rehman, Arshad MS, Fatima N. Burden of cardiovascular dysfunction and outcome among term newborns having birth asphyxia. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5160

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preparedness of Medical Graduates to serve in clinical settings independently: An exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Ayub Ayesha , Choudry Zafar Ali , Ehsan Badar Sumera
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To assess the preparedness of fresh medical graduates to perform the duties of an effective house officer in clinical settings independently.

Methods: A qualitative exploratory descriptive study was conducted at a public sector tertiary care teaching hospital from September to October, 2021. A total of 14 interviews of the serving house officers were conducted (7 were from Medicine and Allied and seven were from Surgical and Allied). A verbatim Thematic analysis was done.

Results: Initial analysis revealed 45 codes which were ultimately reduced to five main themes namely 1. Transition from studentship to house officers with sub-themes (1a) Sense of responsibility, (1b) Hectic and long duty hours, (1c) Proper orientation and guidance, 2. Deficient skill Training during educational journey with, (2a) Deficiency of practical and applied aspects, (2b) inconsistent and varying training patterns, (2c) self-perception and evaluation of preparedness, 3. Lack of awareness about Hospital settings and working system with sub-themes (3a) Support from other doctors, (3b) Being recognized as a doctor in hospital, 4. Inter-professional co-ordination gaps having sub-themes (4a) Communication gap, (4b) Mutual respect as a team and 5. Impact of COVID-19 with sub-theme (5a) Online teaching with no interaction and (5b) segue and progressive skill training.

Conclusion: Medical graduates are not confident and well prepared to take the responsibility of patient care independently in clinical settings. Reforms in undergraduate curricula regarding skill training, hospital setup and workings and inter-professional education are advocated by young doctors to enhance their competencies for professional life.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5517

How to cite this:Choudry ZA, Ayub A, Badar SE. Preparedness of Medical Graduates to serve in clinical settings independently: An exploratory qualitative study. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5517

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The effect of platelet rich plasma combined with celecoxib on knee function and pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Nie Mingjun , Zhao Jianzhong , Zhang Guangcheng , Tang Jiazhu , Zhu Wei , Zhang Qing
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To analyze the immediate effect of platelet rich plasma, combined with celecoxib, on knee function and pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Methods: The clinical data of 86 patients with knee osteoarthritis, treated in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021, were analyzed retrospectively. According to the treatment records, patients were divided into a control group (n = 43, celecoxib) and a treatment group (n = 43, platelet rich plasma + celecoxib). The knee function, pain and clinical effect in the two groups were compared and analyzed using the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score and the visual analog scale (VAS).

Results: The treatment group had a higher HSS score, and a lower VAS score compared to the control group (P<0.05). The clinical efficacy in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group (95.35% and 72.09% respectively, P<0.05).

Conclusions: Platelet rich plasma combined with celecoxib can promote the recovery of knee function and reduce pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis. This treatment combination also has a high immediate clinical effectiveness but needs further evaluation to find out the long term effects.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5558

How to cite this:Nie M, Zhao J, Zhang G, Tang J, Zhu W, Zhang Q. The effect of platelet rich plasma combined with celecoxib on knee function and pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5558

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Usage of artificial intelligence and virtual reality in medical studies
Authors: Usmani Ambreen , Imran Manal , Javaid Quratulain
Published: March 2022

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5910

How to cite this:Usmani A, Imran M, Javaid Q. Usage of artificial intelligence and virtual reality in medical studies. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):777-779. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5910
Correlation between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder in children and adolescents: Systematic review
Authors: Bień Martyna Patrycja , Adamczewska Klaudia Aleksandra , Wilczyński Krzysztof Maria , Cichoń Lena , Jelonek Ireneusz , Janas-Kozik Małgorzata
Published: March 2022

Określenie związku między chorobą afektywną dwubiegunową (ChAD) u dzieci i młodzieży a zespołem nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej z deficytem uwagi (ADHD) poprzez wybranie najbardziej prawdopodobnej hipotezy tłumaczącej naturę powiązań między tymi dwoma rozpoznaniami na podstawie przeglądu systematycznego literatury. Dokonano przeglądu piśmiennictwa opublikowanego pomiędzy styczniem 2008 a lutym 2019 roku, dotyczącego zależności pomiędzy ChAD i ADHD w bazie MEDLINE/PubMed oraz wyszukiwarce Google Scholar. Wybierano artykuły w języku polskim lub angielskim w czasopismach, które były ściśle związane z tematem i możliwe do przyporządkowania do co najmniej jednej z czterech postawionych hipotez. Ostatecznie do przeglądu zostało włączonych 10 prac. Zakres wyników publikacji według zaadoptowanej skali NOQAS wynosi 3,5-9 pkt., średni wynik to 6,6 pkt., przy maksymalnie 9 punktach, co skutkowało ogólnie średnią jakością prac. We wszystkich pracach psychopatologia pacjentów została oceniona w oparciu o kryteria diagnostyczne DSM-IV. Związek pomiędzy ADHD i ChAD w populacji dzieci i młodzieży nie jest klarowny, jednoznaczne wybranie jednej hipotezy określającej ten związek nie jest możliwe na ten moment. Niezbędne są dalsze badania prospektywne na ten temat, dostarczające dowodów ułatwiających jak najwcześniejsze postawienie trafnej diagnozy, umożliwiającej dobranie odpowiedniego leczenia, co ma niebagatelny wpływ na przebieg choroby pacjenta, a zatem jego jakość życia.
The rhetoric of recovery in Social Distortion’s White Light, White Heat, White Trash
Authors: Goldwyn Adam J.
Published: March 2022

Social Distortion’s 1996 album White Light, White Heat, White Trash is a concept album reflecting the recovery in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) of lead singer and songwriter Mike Ness: twelve songs, with each of the songs describing Ness’s experience of the corresponding step in AA’s twelve-step programme. The rhetoric of recovery in the song lyrics has an intertextual relationship to Alcoholics Anonymous (the ‘Big Book’), with Ness’s lyrics quoting directly from the programme of recovery outlined in the basic text of AA. Though the rhetoric of recovery in the album reflects Ness’s own experience, it also demonstrates how individual authentic experience is constructed interdiscursively through broader cultural trends, both within the Lou Reed-inflected rockist history of guitars, drugs and confessional authenticity and, more broadly, how the rhetoric of recovery has permeated other genres of American popular music and culture.
Accuracy of attenuation imaging in the assessment of pediatric hepatic steatosis: correlation with the controlled attenuation parameter
Authors: Kim Pyeong Hwa , Cho Young Ah , Yoon Hee Mang , Bak Boram , Lee Jin Seong , Jung Ah Young , Oh Seak Hee , Kim Kyung Mo
Published: March 2022

Purpose: This study evaluated the accuracy of attenuation imaging (ATI) for the assessment of hepatic steatosis in pediatric patients, in comparison with the FibroScan vibration-controlled transient elastography controlled attenuation parameter (CAP).Methods: Consecutive pediatric patients referred for evaluation of obesity who underwent both ATI and FibroScan between February 2020 and September 2021 were included. The correlation between attenuation coefficient (AC) and CAP values was assessed using the Spearman test. The AC cutoff value for discriminating hepatic steatosis corresponding to a CAP value of 241 dB/m was calculated. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to estimate the strength of the association between AC and CAP. The diagnostic accuracy of AC cutoffs was estimated using the imperfect gold-standard methodology based on a two-level Bayesian latent class model.Results: Seventy patients (median age, 12.5 years; interquartile range, 11.0 to 14.0 years; male:female, 58:12) were included. AC and CAP showed a moderate-to-good correlation (ρ =0.646, P<0.001). Multivariable regression analysis affirmed the significant association between AC and CAP (P<0.001). The correlation was not evident in patients with a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (ρ=-0.202, P=0.551). Linear regression revealed that an AC cutoff of 0.66 dB/cm/MHz corresponded to a CAP of 241 dB/m (sensitivity, 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85 to 0.98 and specificity, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.00).Conclusion: ATI showed an acceptable correlation with CAP values in a pediatric population, especially in patients with a body mass index <30 kg/m2. An AC cutoff of 0.66 dB/cm/MHz, corresponding to a CAP of 241 dB/m, can accurately diagnose hepatic steatosis.
Folk Songs and Social Realities: The Nsude Igbo Women Example
Authors: Nnamdi-Eruchalu Geraldine Ifesinachi
Published: March 2022

This study is aimed at documenting and analyzing the folk songs of Nsude women of South East Nigeria with the aim of understanding and reconstructing the traditional culture of the people which is shrinking in the face of westernization. The researcher observed that Christian songs and popular music have taken over the roles women previously performed by folk songs. The study argues that the decline in the use of folk songs by the womenfolk could be depriving the younger generations of the people certain values, beliefs, norms, and social practice which hitherto controlled behaviour and held the traditional society together, and as such stripping them of their culture and identity. Previous works on Igbo folk songs focused on documentation only, and some on the pedagogical roles of folk music. The present study addresses the folk songs sang by Nsude women so as to highlight the peculiarities of the people’s existence and philosophies.The songs were recorded from the researcher’s interaction with five elderly women from the town, as well as from her introspection. The analysis revealed that the songs in addition to being sources of enjoyment, entertainment and relaxation for all inculcates in the people the values to uphold and the vices to abhor for the harmonious existence of the community.
Seaweeds’ pigments and phenolic compounds with antimicrobial potential
Authors: Gomes Louisa , Monteiro Pedro , Cotas João , Gonçalves Ana M. M. , Fernandes Chantal , Gonçalves Teresa , Pereira Leonel
Published: March 2022

Recently, there has been increased interest in the development of novel antimicrobial compounds for utilization in a variety of sectors, including pharmaceutical, biomedical, textile, and food. The use, overuse, and misuse of synthetic compounds or derivatives have led to an increase of pathogenic microorganisms gaining resistance to the traditional antimicrobial therapies, which has led to an increased need for alternative therapeutic strategies. Seaweed are marine organisms that can be cultivated sustainably, and they are a source of polar molecules, such as pigments and phenolic compounds, which demonstrated antimicrobial potential. This review focuses on current knowledge about pigments and phenolic compounds isolated from seaweeds, their chemical characteristics, antimicrobial bioactivity, and corresponding mechanism of action.
Gamma-induced mutants of Bacillus and Streptomyces display enhanced antagonistic activities and suppression of the root rot and wilt diseases in pulses
Authors: Manikandan Ariyan , Johnson Iruthayasamy , Jaivel Nanjundan , Krishnamoorthy Ramasamy , SenthilKumar Murugaiyan , Raghu Rajasekaran , Gopal Nellaiappan Olaganathan , Mukherjee Prasun K. , Anandham Rangasamy
Published: March 2022

This study aims to increase Bacillus and Streptomyces antagonistic activity against the root rot and wilt diseases of pulses caused by Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. udum, respectively. To increase antagonistic action, Bacillus subtilis BRBac4, Bacillus siamensis BRBac21, and Streptomyces cavourensis BRAcB10 were subjected to random mutagenesis using varying doses of gamma irradiation (0.5–3.0 kGy). Following the irradiation, 250 bacterial colonies were chosen at random for each antagonistic strain and their effects against pathogens were evaluated in a plate assay. The ERIC, BOX, and random amplified polymorphic studies demonstrated a clear distinction between mutant and wild-type strains. When mutants were compared to wild-type strains, they showed improved plant growth-promoting characteristics and hydrolytic enzyme activity. The disease suppression potential of the selected mutants, B. subtilis BRBac4-M6, B. siamensisi BRBac21-M10, and S. cavourensis BRAcB10-M2, was tested in green gram, black gram, and red gram. The combined inoculation of B. siamensis BRBac21-M10 and S. cavourensis BRAcB10-M2 reduced the incidence of root rot and wilt disease. The same treatment also increased the activity of the defensive enzymes peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. These findings suggested that gamma-induced mutation can be exploited effectively to improve the biocontrol characteristics of Bacillus and Streptomyces. Following the field testing, a combined bio-formulation of these two bacteria may be utilised to address wilt and root-rot pathogens in pulses.
A surrogate Bayesian framework for a SARS-CoV-2 data driven stochastic model
Authors: Ganesh M. , Hawkins S. C.
Published: March 2022

Dynamic compartmentalized data (DCD) and compartmentalized differential equations (CDEs) are key instruments for modeling transmission of pathogens such as the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We describe an effi-cient nowcasting algorithm for modeling transmission of SARS-CoV-2 with uncertainty quantification for the COVID-19 impact. A key concern for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is under-reporting of cases, and this is addressed in our data-driven model by providing an estimate for the detection rate. Our novel top-down model is based on CDEs with stochastic constitutive parameters obtained from the DCD using Bayesian inference. We demonstrate the robustness of our algorithm for simulation studies using synthetic DCD, and nowcasting COVID-19 using real DCD from several regions across five continents.
Thermal Analysis of PE Extended Chain Crystal of PE Extended Chain Crystal from Gel Spinning
Authors: Zhang A. , Lu P. , Yang N. , Wu Z.
Published: March 2022

It has been recognized that ultra-high strength and high modulus ultra-highly drawn Polyethylene (PE) fiber is produced from the formation of extended chain crystal. Nevertheless, whether extended chain crystal exists in gel spinning ultra-highly drawn PE fiber is still an unsettled question. In this work, decalin was adopted as a solvent for PE gel spinning. By means of thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction methods etc, the existence of extended chain crystal was explored. Reasons for confusion in previous studies of this problem were discussed.

In PE fiber from 3 wt-°/o dope, extended chain crystal starts to form during draw ratios over 20. When draw ratio equals 42, the content of extended chain crystal roughly equals that of folded chain crystal. The melting point of extended chain crystal is 6°C higher than that of folded chain crystal. They are 145.5° C and 150° C to 152.5° C respectively. The latter would slightly rise with arise of draw ratio.

Multi-crystallization behavior of annealed PE fiber was determined and discussed. It was also confirmed that there is a linear logarithm relationship between thermal shrinkage (internal stresses) and fiber moduli.
Mill Processability, Rheology and Structure Differences of Polyacrylate Elastomers
Authors: Nakajima N. , Miller R. A. , Harrel E. R.
Published: March 2022

Two commercial polyacrylate elastomers, one having epoxide (EP) crosslinking sites and the other ethylidene norbornene (ENB) were selected. It was demonstrated that the former was more difficult to mill-process than the latter. The viscoelastic properties measured at very small strain in shear oscillation indicated that the ENB polymer was more branched than the EP polymer. The gel determination by filteration confirmed this. The tensile stress-strain measurements were conducted at four different deformation rates. These data were treated according to the strain-time correspondence principle to see if this principle applies to the data of these samples. The data of EP polymer did not form a master curve, thus, the above principle is not applicable; at the larger deformation the strain-hardening tendencies were observed. This indicates that the EP polymer has a rather extensive long branching, a type of which usually results from a chain transfer reaction.

The data of the ENB polymer, on the other hand, form a master-curve; that is, the strain-time correspondence principle is applicable, in spite of the presence of the large amount of gel. This means that the gel in the ENB polymer is microgel. The micro-gel in this case is polymer-latex particle, crosslinked during emulsion polymerization with a difunctional comonomer.

Thus, in this work polymer rheology was effectively used to find a major difference in the polymer chain structure. In this way it was shown that the results of polymerization may be related to mill processability.
Simulation of Tubular Film Extrusion of Polymer Melts
Authors: Yamane H. , White J. L.
Published: March 2022

A model of the tubular film process is presented which includes power law non-linear rheological behaviour with temperature and crystallinity dependent properties. The heat transfer modelling uses an experimental correlation for the heat transfer coefficient. It is shown that except at low activation energies of viscous flow, the power law exponents have little influence on bubble shape. For activation energies of viscous flow of 11 kcal/mol and more, the temperature dependence of rheological properties dominates bubble shapes at fixed drawdown ratios, blowup ratios and frostline heights. Low activation energies of viscous flow produced wine glass shaped bubbles, while high activation energies cause rapid increases in bubble radius after the die exit.
Laminar Mixing in Corotating Disk Processors
Authors: David B. , Tadmor Z.
Published: March 2022

Qualitative and quantitative studies of laminar mixing in a corotating disk processor chamber were carried out experimentally and theoretically. Theoretical study of the flow field in a parallel chamber indicates the presence of an orthogonal circulation flow pattern with a double circulation pattern at constant radii. A color tracer was used for studying experimentally the laminar mixing. The experiments verified the theoretically predicted flow fields and showed that the two orthogonal flow patterns bring about a composition randomization throughout the volume. Quantitative measurement of interfacial area evolution helped in characterizing the laminar mixing behaviour of such a configuration.
Experimental Study on Factors Influencing Throughput Rate and Process of Polymer-Mineral Filler Mixing in a Twin Screw Extruder
Authors: Ishibashi J. , Kikutani T.
Published: March 2022

The experimental study of mixing polymer (polypropylene, PP) with mineral filler (Talc) by both simultaneous and separate feed system in a twin screw extruder was described. In this study, melt flow rate (MFR) of PP, talc particle size and talc mixing ratio to PP were selected as parameters of interest. It was found that these parameters had influences on the maximum throughput rate of mixture. In the cases of constant talc particle size and mixing ratio while MFR of PP was varied from 1.8 to 33, it was observed that throughput rates of all mixtures with different MFR values increased as a function of screw speeds. Throughput rates of the mixture of lower MFR PP (MFR = 1.8) were slightly lower than those of the higher MFR mixture (MFR = 10, 33) for both simultaneous and separate feed systems. With regard to effects of talc particle size, compounds having fixed talc mixing ratio showed lower throughput rates when talc particle size was smaller. In the case where talc mixing ratio was varied, compounds with fixed MFR of PP and talc particle size showed lower throughput rates when talc mixing ratio was larger. The mixing state in the mixing zone was also observed. Based on the overall findings, the mechanisms of filler mixing were clearly understood. The observed mixing patterns were similar for both simultaneous and separate feed systems. It was found that the elimination of the air accompanying the filler when the filled polymer mixture passed down the extruder is important for mixing. Through the experimental observations, the schematic diagram, the model and the flow chart of the proper filler mixing process were proposed.
Listener engagement: the missing link in research on accented speech
Authors: Lee Bradford J.
Published: March 2022

Reverse linguistic stereotyping (RLS) is a process whereby a speaker’s perceived group membership triggers differential perception of aspects of their speech. RLS has been suggested to cause drops in intelligibility and recall, though why perception of a non-existent accent can negatively affect listening outcomes has not been sufficiently elucidated. The current study suggests an explanation may lie in differential levels of engagement among listeners. A sample of 430 Japanese university students listened to a short speech from either a speaker of Chinese Pronunciation of English or Received Pronunciation and rated them on aesthetics, comprehensibility, perceived intelligibility, engagement, and recall. Multiple linear regression suggested that only engagement served as a significant predictor to recall, though the other variables all had significant indirect effects when engagement was included as a mediating variable. These results indicated that listener engagement is a key variable which may help improve our understanding of accented speech perception.
Dynamic evaluation of college English writing ability based on AI technology
Authors: Wu Xuezhong
Published: March 2022

To accurately evaluate and improve college students’ English writing ability, this article proposes a dynamic evaluation method of college English writing ability based on artificial intelligence technology. First, a dynamic evaluation model of college English writing ability is constructed. Second, the index system of English writing dynamic evaluation model is established. Based on this, the dynamic evaluation of college English writing ability is realized. The experimental results show that the design method in this paper can effectively realize the dynamic evaluation of the writing process. After the application of the design method, the number of students interested in writing has increased by 37.8%, and the enthusiasm of students to participate in writing has been improved, with a view to providing some help to improve students’ English writing ability through this research.
Automatic recognition method of installation errors of metallurgical machinery parts based on neural network
Authors: Cui Hailong , Zhan Bo
Published: March 2022

The installation error of metallurgical machinery parts is one of the common sources of errors in mechanical equipment. Because the installation error of different parts has different influences on different mechanical equipment, a simple linear formula cannot be used to identify the installation error. In the past, the manual recognition method and the touch recognition method lack of error information analysis, which leads to inaccurate recognition results. To improve the problem, an automatic recognition method based on the neural network for metallurgical machinery parts installation error is proposed. According to the principle of automatic recognition of installation error based on the neural network, the nonlinear relation matrix between layers of the neural network is established. The operating state parameters of mechanical equipment are calculated, and the time series of the parameters are divided into several segments averagely. Based on the recognition algorithm, the inspection steps of depth, perpendicularity and center position of reserved hole, base board construction, short-circuit motor line and terminal installation, center mark board, and reference point installation are designed. The experimental results show that the recall rate of the proposed method is 97.66%, and the maximum absolute deviation is 0.09. The experimental data verify the feasibility of the proposed method.
Ökumenischer Lagebericht 2021 Freikirchen
Authors: Triebel Lothar
Published: March 2022

Als Teil der Gesellschaft wurde auch das freikirchliche Leben 2021 wiederum stark durch die Coronapandemie geprägt. Deshalb wird im Folgenden zunächst für mehrere Kirchen (u. a. BEFG, BFeG, EmK, STA, NAK) und Themen (v. a. Corona, Gefahr von Kirchenspaltungen, Frauenordination) der Bericht von 2020 fortgeführt. Anschließend wird die Beteiligung der Freikirchen am Ökumenischen Kirchentag und die Entwicklung der freikirchlichen Hochschulen beschrieben sowie Neues aus der Schweizer Freikirchenlandschaft berichtet und analysiert.
Ökumenischer Patriarch Bartholomaios I.
Authors: Janus Richard
Published: March 2022

Der Beitrag würdigt das mittlerweile 30jährige Wirken des Ökumenischen Patriarchen Bartholomaios I. Die Einheit und Weiterentwicklung der orthodoxen Kirchen sind große Herausforderungen für ihn. Zugleich ist ihm die Ökumene ein Anliegen und so wurde die Aussöhnung mit der römisch-katholischen Kirche vorangetrieben. Auch wurde das Gespräch mit den anderen christlichen Konfessionen vertieft. Schließlich setzt er sich für den Schutz der Schöpfung ein.
Four drug metabolism-related subgroups of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in prognosis, immune infiltration, and gene mutation
Authors: Zhang Tongyi , Zhu Liyong , Cai Jianhua , He Jiaqi
Published: March 2022

We aimed to screen the drug metabolism-related subgroups of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) and to study the prognosis, clinical features, immune infiltration, and gene mutation differences of different subtypes in PAAD patients. All 181 cases of PAAD samples and clinical characteristics data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). After matching the drug metabolism-related genes downloaded from PMID 33202946 with the TCGA dataset, the drug metabolism-related genes were initially obtained. Besides, univariate Cox regression analysis was used to screen the drug metabolism genes related to the prognosis of PAAD. Moreover, the construction of the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and gene ontology were performed. The four subgroups of PAAD obtained from unsupervised clustering analysis were systematically analyzed, including prognostic, GSVA, immune infiltration, and gene mutation analysis. A total of 83 drug metabolism genes related to the prognosis of PAAD were obtained and enriched in 16 pathways. The PPI network was composed of 248 relationship pairs. Four subgroups that can identify different subtypes of PPAD were obtained, and there were significant differences in survival and clinical characteristics, mutation types, and immune infiltration abundance between subgroups. A total of 17 different pathways among the four subgroups involved in cell cycle, response to stimulants such as drugs, and transmembrane transport. In this study, the four subgroups related to the drug metabolism of PAAD were comprehensively analyzed, and the important role of drug metabolism-related genes in the immune infiltration and prognosis of PAAD were emphasized.
Bruchmechanische Bewertungskonzepte für Bahnkomponenten
Authors: Zerbst Uwe , Mädler Kathrin
Published: March 2022

Der Aufsatz gibt eine Übersicht über die wichtigsten bruchmechanischen Fragestellungen bei Eisenbahnkomponenten sowie vorhandene Lösungsansätze. Schwerpunktmäßig orientiert er sich an den sicherheitsrelevanten Komponenten Radsatzwelle, Rad und Schiene. Die verschiedenen in der Praxis beobachteten Schädigungsformen an Eisenbahnkomponenten werden hinsichtlich ihrer möglichen Einbindung in ein bruchmechanisches Bewertungskonzept diskutiert.
Dislocation mechanisms of mean stress effect on cyclic plasticity
Authors: Ni Hai , Wang Zhirui
Published: March 2022

The dislocation mechanisms behind sagging behavior of autosuspension spring steels are far from being understood due to their complicated microstructures. In this study, systematic cyclic loading tests were carried out on two model materials - industrial pure iron and spheroidized 1045 steel – to understand the mechanisms behind sagging. It is found that it is the different dislocation microstructures that control the cyclic creep behavior of different materials. With iron samples with low mean stress values, higher mean stresses do not trigger cell structure formation mainly due to the little requirement for high plastic strain amplitude and hence the lack of necessity for high dislocation density, and a large number of dislocation interactions through large mobile dislocations. In the case of the 1045 steel samples, the collapse of pre-existent substructures and the movement of newly generated mobile dislocations are the main reasons for the cyclic softening observed. The massive reorganization process of dislocation configurations and the competition between softening and hardening both carry on throughout the entire cycling process, but the softening process is found to be the predominant factor.
Thermal fatigue life prediction
Authors: Hayashi Morihito
Published: March 2022

For clarifying the behavior of thermal fatigue and verifying the role of Coffin-Manson’s law in thermal fatigue, out-of phase type thermal fatigue tests were carried out on ferritic ductile cast iron. As a result of the tests, the dependence of thermal fatigue life and the plastic strain produced in each cycle on cyclic peak temperature and the dependence of thermal fatigue life on cyclic plastic strain were made clear. Particularly, the exponent and the coefficient in the latter relationship, i.e. Coffin-Manson’s law, are kept constant over all ranges, including the phase transformation range. And it shows that the thermal fatigue life can be predicted by tensile the properties of specimens at room temperature. By the way, the microstructure and the fracture surface of failed specimens were observed and the mechanism of thermal fatigue is discussed here.
Intelligent metasurface with frequency recognition for adaptive manipulation of electromagnetic wave
Authors: Wang Hai Peng , Li Yun Bo , Li He , Shen Jia Lin , Dong Shu Yue , Wang Shi Yu , Qi Kai Nan , Ma Qian , Jin Shi , Li Si Jia , Cui Tie Jun
Published: March 2022

Due to the strong ability of recognizing electromagnetic (EM) environment and adaptively control of EM waves, the intelligent metasurfaces have received great attention recently. However, the intelligent metasurface with frequency recognition for adaptive manipulation of the EM waves has not been studied. Here, we propose a frequency-recognition intelligent metasurface to precisely control the spatial EM waves under the agile frequencies with the help of a real-time radio-frequency sensor and an adaptive feedback control system. An active meta-atom is presented to reach 2 bit phase coding and 1 bit amplitude coding capacities to control the amplitude and phase independently. Experimental results demonstrate that the metasurface can recognize different frequency of the incoming wave with very high resolution, and can adaptively realize the self-defined multiple frequency agilities to manipulate the reflected EM waves without any human participation. As example, the intelligent metasurface with frequency recognition can adaptively operate wave absorption at 5.36 GHz, reflection to normal direction at 5.38 GHz, deflection to −30° at 5.40 GHz, random diffusion at 5.42 GHz, and deflection to +33° at 5.44 GHz by detecting the incoming frequency at the resolution of 0.02 GHz.
Results for the heat transfer of a fin with exponential-law temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and power-law temperature-dependent heat transfer coefficients
Authors: Shivanian Elyas , AhmadSoltani Leyla , Sohrabi Fatemeh
Published: March 2022

In this article, thermal behavior analysis of nonlinear fin problem with power-law heat transfer coefficient is studied to determine temperature distribution. This new supposition for the thermal conductivity, exponential-law temperature dependent, makes it to be nonlinear that is a general case in some sense. It is shown that the governing fin equation, that is, a nonlinear second-order differential equation, is exactly solvable with proper boundary conditions. To this purpose, the order of differential equation is reduced and then is converted into a total differential equation by multiplying a proper integration operant. An exact analytical solution is given to advance physical meaning, and the existence of unique solution for some specific values of the parameters of the model is demonstrated. The results are shown graphically. It is observed that fin efficiency is decreasing with respect to the power-law mode for heat transfer.
Propagation of some new traveling wave patterns of the double dispersive equation
Authors: Asjad Muhammad Imran , Faridi Waqas Ali , Jhangeer Adil , Ahmad Hijaz , Abdel-Khalek Sayed , Alshehri Nawal
Published: March 2022

This article aims to address the exact solution of the prestigious partial differential equation, namely, a double dispersive equation. Here, we are obtaining some new traveling wave solutions of the double dispersive equation with the more general mathematical technique, which is a direct algebraic extended method. This proposed technique is more general and integrated. The obtained solutions contain dark, bright, dark–bright, singular, periodic, kink, and rational function solutions. More illustration of traveling wave solutions of the double dispersive equation is given by plotting the two- and three-dimensional graphs with the suitable selection of parameters. This graphical presentation of solutions identifies the pattern of wave propagation. The acquired consequences are new and may play a significant role to examine the physical phenomena of wave propagation, where this model is used.
Stereologische Schnittbildanalyse zur Berechnung wahrer Teilchengrößenverteilungen
Authors: Gegner Jürgen
Published: March 2022

Kurzfassung

Es wird eine Methode zur vereinfachten Berechnung der wahren Größenverteilung von Partikeln in Dispersionsgefügen aus Schliffbildern zur Anwendung in der quantitativen Metallographie vorgestellt. Die stereologische Analyse der zweidimensionalen Objekte des Flächenschnitts erfolgt nach dem Scheil-Saltykov-Verfahren für kugelförmige Teilchen. Die Verlässlichkeit des mathematischen Werkzeugs wird in einem Computertest mit bekannter räumlicher Partikelanordnung kritisch geprüft und ein reales diskontinuierliches Dualphasengefüge ausgewertet. Die Methode erweist sich als in vielen praktischen Fällen erfolgreich einsetzbar und damit geeignet für die Integration in kommerzielle bildanalytische Softwaresysteme. Die Grenzen der Anwendbarkeit des Verfahrens werden diskutiert.
Investigation of Streaky Marks Formed on the Coating Surface of Hot-Dip Galvannealed Steel Sheets
Authors: Hong Moon-Hi , Paik Doo-jin
Published: March 2022

Interstitial-free High strength (IF-HS) steels, the tensile strength ranging from 340MPa to 440MPa, are widely used in automobile industry. The major strengthening mechanism employed to increase the tensile strength of ultra-low carbon steels is solution hardening by the additional elements of P, Mn, Si, Cr and Cu. It has been well known that the surface condition of steel sheet substrates before dipping into a molten zinc pot significantly affects the final products quality of galvannealed (GA) steel sheets, i. e., the occurrence of the visual defects so-called “streaky mark” and others in GA process are strongly related to the surface enrichment of oxides in terms of the chemical composition of the steel sheet substrate.

In the present study, high strength interstitial-free steel sheets with a relatively high amount of Mn and P were galvannealed in an industrial continuous galvanizing line and streaky-marks formed on the coating surface were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe micro analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Effects of streaky marks on the mechanical properties and paintability of GA coating were also investigated.
The neural basis of creative production: A cross-modal ALE meta-analysis
Authors: Brown Steven , Kim Eunseon
Published: March 2022

One of the central questions about the cognitive neuroscience of creativity is the extent to which creativity depends on either domain-specific or domain-general mechanisms. To address this question, we carried out two parallel activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses of creativity: 1) a motoric analysis that combined studies across five domains of creative production (verbalizing, music, movement, writing, and drawing), and 2) an analysis of the standard ideational task used to study divergent thinking, the Alternate Uses task. All experiments contained a contrast between a creative task and a matched non-creative or less-creative task that controlled for the sensorimotor demands of task performance. The activation profiles of the two meta-analyses were non-overlapping, but both pointed to a domain-specific interpretation in which creative production is, at least in part, an enhancement of sensorimotor brain areas involved in non-creative production. The most concordant areas of activation in the motoric meta-analysis were high-level motor areas such as the pre-supplementary motor area and inferior frontal gyrus that interface motor planning and executive control, suggesting a means of uniting domain-specificity and -generality in creative production.
Softwareunterstützte Angebotskalkulation mit Kostenfunktionen
Authors: Fischer Jan O.
Published: March 2022

Angebote für kundenspezifische Produkte müssen möglichst schnell und genau erstellt werden. Inhalt des hier beschriebenen Gemeinschaftsprojekts der Gesellschaft für kostenorientierte Produktentwicklung und der SPICER Gelenkwellenbau GmbH war die Erstellung einer Software, mit der sich die Kosten neuer Kalkulationsobjekte anhand technischer Parameter prognostizieren lassen. Die Kostenprognose erfolgt dabei auf Basis von analytisch und statistisch erstellten Kostenfunktionen. Mit dem Software-Einsatz konnte sowohl die Wirtschaftlichkeit als auch die Genauigkeit der Angebotserstellung deutlich erhöht werden.
Bedeutung der IT in der Automobilindustrie
Authors: Benner Joachim
Published: March 2022

Die Automobilindustrie spielt eine tragende Rolle im verarbeitenden Gewerbe in Deutschland. In den vergangenen Jahren ist dieser Wirtschaftszweig überdurchschnittlich gewachsen. Noch Anfang der 90er Jahre steckte die Branche in einer tiefen Krise, die erhebliche Restrukturierungsprozesse erforderlich machte. So hat sich die Fertigungstiefe erheblich reduziert und die effiziente Strukturierung der Wertschöpfungskette spielt eine entscheidende Rolle. Dieser Prozess dürfte sich auch in Zukunft weiter fortsetzen. Dabei gewinnen die Zulieferer zunehmend an Bedeutung. Sie übernehmen verstärkt Aufgaben der Produktentwicklung oder gar die Fertigung kompletter Fahrzeuge. Für eine innovative und flexible Fertigung, die den Strukturen der Branche gerecht wird, ist insbesondere auch eine leistungs- und anpassungsfähige IT erforderlich. Um diese Marktpotenziale erschließen zu können, ist ein umfangreiches Verständnis der Branche und ihrer besonderen Problemstellungen notwendig. Aufgezeigt werden soll, welche Lösungsansätze IT-Anbieter in dieser Branche zur Bewältigung der speziellen Herausforderungen zur Verfügung stellen sollten und worauf sie hierbei achten müssen.
Predictive Analytics in Digital Education: Analysis and Evaluation of Students’ Learning Success
Authors:   Mari State University, Toktarova Vera Ivanovna , Pashkova Yulia Alexeyevna ,   Mari State University
Published: March 2022

Problem and Aim. The article actualizes the problem of modeling the learning process within electronic educational environment, based on the use of educational analytics data. The purpose of the article is to reveal and substantiate the possibilities of using predictive analytics methods for analyzing and assessing the of students’ learning success based on their current educational results. Methodology. Theoretical, empirical and mathematical methods were used during the research. The construction of the predictive model was carried out on the basis of the technologies of intellectual analysis and processing of big data (Data Mining). Research results. The relevance of the use of methods for analyzing big data in the educational sphere for improving the quality and efficiency of the educational and pedagogical process has been substantiated. The definitions of the technology of data mining are given, its types are considered (descriptive, diagnostic, predictive and prescriptive). The machine learning methods used in predictive analytics algorithms are described. Examples of the using predictive analytics methods in various fields of activity are given. An algorithm for designing and developing a predictive model is described. On its basis, a predictive model is proposed for analyzing and assessing the success of student learning, implemented as part of an experimental study within training module “Optimization Methods”. To assess the quality of the model, the methods of linear and logistic regression, deep neural networks and a decision tree were applied. In conclusion, it is concluded that the development and implementation of a model based on a set of methods gives a synergistic effect – the ability to maximally take into account the peculiarities of a student’s work with educational material and the degree of its assimilation. And as a result, it allows you to increase the level of training of students, improve the quality of the educational material provided in an electronic environment, build an individual trajectory of learning and help eliminate the problem of student expulsion through timely action.