PECULIARITIES OF REVASCULARIZATION (OR ANGIOGENESIS) OF THE ALVEOLAR AGES USING DIFFERENT BONE-PLASTIC MATERIALS
Authors: Got I.M. , Paliy A.V. , Stupnitsky R. M. , Stupnitsky I. R. 
Published: June 2020

Secondary anodontia, as a consequence of diseases of the dentoalveolar apparatus is the most common pathology among the population. The results of medical and statistical studies show an increase in the incidence of acquired anodontia in both adults and children.

When teeth are lost, bone resorption occurs and this leads to a decrease in the thickness and height of the alveolar processes of the jaws by an average of 25-30%. In addition, there is a loss of bone walls of the dental alveolus, which causes a tissue defect. To eliminate defects and deformations of the walls of the alveolar processes of the jaws, the method of osteosynthesis of autografts in the form of a block of the bone of appropriate volume or controlled bone growth is used.

Angiogenesis and blood supply to the cavitary defects of the jaw bones is one of the important indicators of bone graft integration and restoration of the authentic structure of bone tissue at the defect site.

However, blood supply recovery depending on the type of graft has not yet been fully elucidated, which is why the study of angiogenesis in limited defects after their replacement by different types of grafts remains relevant.

The aim of the research is to study of the features of revascularization of bone regenerates depending on the type of osteoplastic material used.

Material and methods of experimental research

Experimental studies were performed on 50 male Wistar rats weighing 270-380 g in the vivarium of the State Research Control Institute of Veterinary Drugs and Feed Additives (Lviv).

The experimental animals were divided into 5 experimental groups.

In groups 2 and 3, we used xenogenic bone-plastic materials:

group 1 - healing took place under a blood clot (10 animals);

group 2 - Bio-Oss® (Switzerland), a bone mineral of natural origin derived from bovine bone (10 animals);

group 3 - Osteoplast-K (Russia), highly purified non-demineralized bone collagen isolated from cancellous bone, which contains sulfated glycosaminoglycans. (10 animals);

In groups 4 and 5, we used bone-plastic materials based on calcium phosphate:

group 4 - Easy-Graft) (Switzerland), material based on beta-tricalcium phosphate (10 animals);

group 5 - Collapan-L (Russia), biocomposite material based on synthetic hydroxyapatite, collagen and antibiotic (lincomycin hydrochloride) (10 animals).

The method of bone defect formation in experimental conditions. Under ether anesthesia in aseptic conditions after depilation of the operating field, we made an incision in the dorsal surface of the tibia, created access to the bone surface and formed two defects with a spherical boron (one on each side) according to the topographic and anatomical features of the tibia structure of experimental animals.

The formed bone defect on one side was filled with osteoplastic material; on the opposite side, healing took place under a blood clot.

It was found that when using osteoplastic materials Bio-Oss® and Osteoplast-K, the most active formation of blood vessels occurred from the 30th to the 60th day of the experiment (from 79.13 ± 2.67% to 81.83 ± 3.68% of vessels caliber 0-20 μm). When using materials Easy-Graft ™ and Collapan-L, the most active formation of vessels was observed from the 60th to the 90th day (from 45.24 ± 3.84% to 90.63 ± 1.63% of vessels of caliber 0-20 μm2). In the control group, where healing took place under a blood clot, the most active vascular formation was observed up to the 14th day (84.28 ± 1.36% of vessels of caliber 0-20 μm2) and up to the 60th day (82.01 ± 1.95%).