bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decision Support System Pemilihan Karyawan Berprestasi Dengan Pendekatan Analisa Gap Profile matching Di Kantor Perwakilan Bank Indonesia Provinsi Aceh
Authors: Munawir Munawir , Ardiansyah Ardiansyah
Published: July 2019

a b s t r a c tOne method of decision support system is the method of profile matching, this study builds a decision support system in the selection of outstanding employees at the Bank Indonesia Regional Office of Aceh Province which is expected to assist decision makers in deciding the best alternatives in the selection of outstanding employees. By using profile matching that can process and compare the actual data value of a profile to be assessed with the expected profile value, so it can know the difference of competence (also called gap), the smaller the resulting gap the greater the value of value which means have the opportunity greater to be recommended as an outstanding employee. Decision Support System (DSS) can take into account all the criteria that support decision-making to help speed up and simplify the decision-making process. The results of this study will generate a ranking ranking of employees and this application can assist decision makers (decission maker) in choosing an alternative employee who excel.Keywords:Decision Support System, Employee Achievement, Profile Profile matching a b s t r a kSalah satu metode sistem pendukung keputusan adalah metode profile matching, penelitian ini membangun sebuah sistem pendukung keputusan dalam pemilihan karyawan berprestasi di Kantor Perwakilan Bank Indonesia Provinsi Aceh yang diharapkan dapat membantu para pembuat keputusan dalam memutuskan alternatif-alternatif terbaik dalam pemilihan karyawan berprestasi. Dengan menggunakan profile matching yang dapat memproses dan membandingkan antara nilai data aktual dari suatu profil yang akan dinilai dengan nilai profil yang diharapkan, sehingga dapat diketahui perbedaan kompetensinya (disebut juga gap), semakin kecil gap yang dihasilkan maka bobot nilainya semakin besar yang berarti memiliki peluang lebih besar untuk direkomendasikan sebagai karyawan berprestasi. Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK) ini dapat memperhitungkan segala kriteria yang mendukung pengambilan keputusan guna membantu mempercepat dan mempermudah proses pengambilan keputusan. Hasil penelitian ini akan menghasilkan urutan rangking dari karyawan dan aplikasi ini dapat membantu pengambil keputusan (decission maker) dalam memilih alternatif karyawan yang berprestasi.Kata Kunci:Decision Support System, Karyawan Berprestasi, Metode Profile matching
Perancangan Sistem Detektor Suhu Fermentasi Acetobacter Xylinum menggunakan Sensor DS18B20
Authors: Harianingsih Harianingsih , Suwardiyono Suwardiyono , B Nugroho Eko , Wijanarko Rony
Published: July 2019

a b s t r a c t Detection system temperature needed in the process of fermentation Acetobacter xylinum. Many food products produced from of fermentation this bacteria. Acetobacter xylinum need temperature fermentation between 28oC-32oCto growing good. To able for controlling temperature on fermentation Acetobacter xylinum, made a temperature design controller using Arduino Uno microcontroller and gauges the temperature of DS18B20 sensors. Election DS18B20 sensors because it had higher at 0,5 oC accuracy. The research covered structural testing component, testing functional and validation component. Data is the decimal form of signals delivered by a temperature on Arduino Uno microcontroller as the brain and processors. From test validation obtained prosesntase error for resistance (R) DS18B20 sensors for temperature 0oC-100oC of 0,96%. The testing Resistance (R) DS18B20 sensors for temperature 25oC-35oC of 1,12%. The measurement of temperature 25oC-35oC before calibration have prosentase error 9,65% and after calibration 0,70%. The prosentase error is still in a normal limits instrument temperature controller, so this instrument can be used as a control in the process of fermentation acetobacter xylinum. a b s t r a kSistem deteksi suhu sangat diperlukan dalam proses fermentasi Acetobacter xylinum. Banyak produk makanan yang diproduksi dari hasil fermentasi bakteri ini. Acetobacter xylinum memerlukan suhu fermentasi antara 28oC-32oC agar dapat tumbuh dan berkembang baik. Untuk dapat memudahkan pengontrolan suhu pada fermentasi acetobacter xylinum, dibuat rancangan alat pengendalil suhu menggunakan arduino uno sebagai mikrokontroler dan pengukur suhu berupa sensor DS18B20. Pemilihan sensor DS18B20 karena sensor ini mempunyai keakuratan tinggi yaitu 0,5oC. Rancangan penelitian meliputi pengujian struktural komponen, pengujian fungsional komponen dan uji validasi. Data merupakan bentuk desimal dari sinyal yang dikirimkan oleh sensor suhu pada mikrokontroler arduino uno sebagai otak dan pengolah data. Dari hasil uji validasi diperoleh prosentase error untuk pengujian Resistensi (R) sensor DS18B20 untuk suhu 0oC-100oC sebesar 0.96%. Hasil pengujian Resistensi (R) sensor DS18B20 untuk suhu 25oC-35oC mempunyai prosentase error 1.12%. Pengukuran suhu sensor DS18B20 untuk suhu 25oC-35oC sebelum kalibrasi mempunyai prosentase error 9.65% dan setelah kalibrasi sebesar 0.70%. Prosentase error tersebut masih dalam batas normal alat engendali suhu, sehingga alat tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai pengontrol pada proses fermentasi acetobacter xylinum..
Legalitas Perkawinan yang Tidak Tercatat pada Masyarakat Pinrang ( Analisis Perma Nomor 1 Tahun 2015 tentang Pelayanan Terpadu Pencatatan Nikah)
Authors: Agus Muchsin  , Rukiah  , Muhammad Sabir
Published: July 2019

Perkawinan merupakan peristiwa yang unik sebab perkawian merupakan cara memperekat simpul kekelurgaan Secara sosiologis bahwa masyarakat bugis pinrang telah taat dan patu terhadap hukum. Akan tetapi penerapan pencatatan perkawinan belum dilaksanakan secara maksimal. Karena masih terdapat beberapa pasangan yang belum tercatatkan perkawinannya.Kebiasaan tersebut merupakan bukti bahwa budaya hukum belum terbangun secara maksimal. Perkawinan yang tidak tercatat akan memilik dampak hukum kepada anak dan istri. Perkawinan yang tidak tercatat semestinya perlu mendapatkan perlindungan hukum, bukan untuk dibiarkan tanpa memberikan solusi. Bentuk perlindungan itu dituangkan dalam bentuk tekhnis dengan memberikan peluang untuk  melakukan itsbat nikah atas perkawinan yang telah dilangsungkan menurut syariat agama Islam, tetapi tidak dicatat oleh pegawai yang berwenang. Isbat nikah diperuntukkan pada hal tertentu saja sebagaimana yang terdapat dalam pasal 7 ayat (3) KHI. Keberadaan Pasal ini memberikan perlindungan hukum dengan memberikaan peluang mengajukan permohonan isbat nikah. Sehingga pernikahan yang belum tercatat, dapat dicatatkan dan diakui secara administratif, sehingga menjadi pernikahan yang diakaui secara yuridis formal atau legal.
Jilbab Sebagai Ibadah (Studi Fenomenologi pada Polisi Wanita Polres Baubau)
Authors: Fitrysaleh Adheyatul
Published: July 2019

In Islamic law, wearing headscarves is obligatory for Muslim women. Each use is based on several motivations, one of them is worship as the main motivation. Based on the command of al-Qur’an dan sunnah, the implementation is worth worship. Headscarves are in their real positionthat has been legitimized, also as honor and glory not to bring down humanity and reduce dignity, precisely for policewomen can add energetic, professional in the ministry, and continue to serve well.Kapolri regulations regarding headscarves are only permissible not be a necessity that is adhered to within the scope of the police. From the policy it was assessed that policewomen wearing headscarves were based on the awareness of individuals had specifications of reasons as religious orders, moreover there is no intervention and coercion from any other party and then reasons for wearing the headscrarf followed by other motivations.
UU Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Anak Ditinjau dari Maqashid Syari'ah terhadap Kekerasan yang Dilakukan Orang Tua (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Sibolga)
Authors: Elvira Ginting  , Muhammad Syukri Albani
Published: July 2019

Setiap anak yang lahir ke dunia melekat pada Hak Asasi Manusia. Negara sendiri menjamin hak-hak ini, termasuk hak anak-anak. Hak asasi manusia untuk anak-anak ditandai dengan jaminan perlindungan dan pemenuhan hak-hak anak oleh negara. Pemeliharaan anak-anak yang sah adalah wajib, karena anak-anak yang masih membutuhkan perawatan ini akan mendapat bahaya jika mereka tidak mendapatkan perawatan dan perawatan. Dalam UU No. 35/2014 tentang Perlindungan Anak, dalam pandangan Islam bagaimana ketentuan Islam melihatnya sebagai produk hukum negara yang tidak bertentangan dengan Syariah. Peneliti sangat tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas undang-undang perlindungan anak dalam kaitannya dengan perlindungan hukum untuk anak-anak korban kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh orang tua. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa, perlindungan anak-anak di masyarakat di Kabupaten Sibolga sesuai dengan Maqashid Syariah seperti: perlindungan agama, orang tua memberikan hak pendidikan agama kepada anak-anak mereka; perlindungan jiwa, orang tua sangat memperhatikan anak-anak mereka, perlindungan nalar, orang tua menjaga pikiran mereka dengan memberikan pendidikan kepada anak-anak mereka sebagaimana intelektualitas dapat berkembang; perlindungan terhadap nasab dan perlindungan properti, orang tua menyediakan mata pencaharian bagi anak-anak mereka dan orang tua dapat mengendalikan kegiatan anak-anak mereka.
Ejection Causes in Military Jet Aircraft in Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic
Authors: Zavila O. , Chmelík R.
Published: July 2019

The article deals with the causes of ejections of crew members in military jet fighter, fighter-trainer and trainer aircraft in the service of Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic from 1948 until the end of 2016. It presents a list of ejection causes by aircraft types on a timeline as well as historical and technical contexts, facts and development trends of these causes. Importantly, the role of the human factor in the causes of fire and false fire alarm emergency occurrences is also analyzed. The study is accompanied by a unique overview of reference and still accessible information sources on the subject.
Evolutionary inferences about the genus Abax (Coleoptera, Carabidae: Pterostichini) based on molecular data and geographic distribution of taxa.
Authors: Serrano Jose , López-López Alejandro , Colombetta Giorgio , Brandmayr Pietro
Published: July 2019

A molecular analysis of the genus
Abax (Pterostichidae) has been carried out based on the sequencing of a mitochondrial cox gene fragment and the nuclear its-2 or 28S genes. The three subgenera which are included within Abax on morphological grounds, namely Abacopercus, Abax s. str. and Pterostichoabax were partially supported. Abacopercus is a monotypic subgenus including A. schueppeli and is sister to the other species of the genus. Pterostichoabax is sister to a clade made up by species of the ‘parallelus’ group (parallelus, carinatus, baenningeri, pilleri, oblongus, and continuus), which are currently members of the subgenus Abax. The other species of this subgenus (parallelepipedus, fiorii, ovalis and pyrenaeus) make up a separate clade, what renders the subgenus Abax as polyphyletic.

The geographic framework of these results suggests that the ancestors of Abax appeared in the Carpathian area, where they gave rise to A. schueppeli. Successive cladogenetic events and expansion from the Carpathians to the Alps and the Pyrenees may have originated two main lineages, Abax sensu stricto and Pterostichoabax plus the ‘parallelus’ group. All these lineages have originated a number of species in temperate forests mostly concentrated in the southern axis of Eastern and Central Alps, but all the Pterostichoabax species and two taxa of the parallelus group shifted its habitat into the alpine grass mats above the treeline during one or more ice age times.
Group selection harvesting supports diversity of forest specialist carabids
Authors: Tóthmérész Bela , Magura Tibor , Mizser Szabolcs , D. Nagy David
Published: July 2019

Increased fragmentation and considerable environmental changes in native forests caused by the timber-oriented forest managements are threatening the biodiversity of forests. As a remediation, uneven-aged approach is recommended during forest management, because this is less intensive and could be less harmful than even-aged practices. We tested the effects of clear-cutting (as even-aged method) and group selection harvesting (as uneven-aged method) on carabids in lowland oak forests. Pitfall traps and litter sifting were used during the study.

We found that the total number of species was significantly higher in the gaps harvested by group selection and in the clear-cut than in the mature forests (control area). The species richness of forest specialist species was significantly lower in the clear-cuts than in the other area. Our findings demonstrated that the conventional clear-cutting caused a decrease in the number of forest specialist species. Therefore, group selection method should be favoured during forest management to maintain diversity.
Habitat heterogeneity supports epigeic arthropods after prescribed burning of dry grasslands
Authors: D. Nagy David , Valkó Orsolya , Magura Tibor , Deák Balázs , Horváth Roland , Tóthmérész Bela
Published: July 2019

Fire supports landscape openness; thus, prescribed burning could be an effective management in open landscapes. In this study we tested the response of arthropods (spider, ground beetle, rove beetle and woodlouse) to dormant-season prescribed burning in dry grassland patches. We hypothesized that the unburned patches support the arthropods recolonizing the burned patches; thus, fire causes no serious damage to the arthropod assemblages.

Epigeic arthropods (spider, ground beetle, rove beetle and woodlouse) were collected by unbaited pitfall traps containing ethylene glycol as a killing-preserving solution. Altogether 60 traps worked in 3 burnt and 3 control plots (10 traps/plot). Traps were emptied monthly from May to October in the year after burning. Collected arthropods were identified at species level using standard keys.

We found no significant difference between the burned and control plots for the abundance, species richness, and Shannon diversity of spiders, ground beetles, rove beetles and woodlice. Differences in total abundance, species richness and diversity of arthropods were also not significant between the burned and control plots. Among from 12 most abundant species, ten species was not affected by burning, while the abundance of Titanoteca veteranica spider species increased and the abundance of Trochosa robusta spider species decreased in the burnt plots.

Microcaves and other unburned microhabitats in and around the burned patches serve as refuge for epigeic arthropods supporting the fast recolonization after prescribed burning, although the abundance of some epigeic spider species (Titanoteca veteranica, Trochosa robusta) was affected by burning. Our findigs revealed that prescribed burning is a potentially promising conservation method. We also highlighted that preservation of unburned microhabitats and surroundings of the managed patches is essential during the prescribed burning.
Dysfunction telomeres in embryonic fibroblasts and cultured in vitro pluripotent stem cells of Rattus norvegicus (Rodentia, Muridae)
Authors: Zhdanova Natalya S. , Vaskova Evgenia A. , Karamysheva Tatyana V. , Minina Julia M. , Rubtsov Nicolay , Zakian Suren M.
Published: July 2019

We studied the level of spontaneous telomere dysfunction in Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) (Rodentia, Muridae) embryonic fibroblasts (rEFs) and in cultured in vitro rat pluripotent stem cells (rPSCs), embryonic stem cells (rESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (riPSCs), on early passages and after prolonged cultivation. Among studied cell lines, rESCs showed the lowest level of telomere dysfunction, while the riPSCs demonstrated an elevated level on early passages of cultivation. In cultivation, the frequency of dysfunctional telomeres has increased in all studied cell lines; this is particularly true for dysfunctional telomeres occurring in G1 stage in riPSCs. The obtained data are mainly discussed in the connection with the specific structure of the telomere regions and their influence on the differential DNA damage response in them.
Phylogenetic and morphological classification of Ophiocordyceps species on termites from Thailand
Authors: Tasanathai Kanoksri , Noisripoom Wasana , Chaitika Thanyarat , Khonsanit Artit , Hasin Sasitorn , Luangsa-ard Jennifer
Published: July 2019

Seven new species occurring on termites are added to Ophiocordyceps – O.asiatica, O.brunneirubra, O.khokpasiensis, O.mosingtoensis, O.pseudocommunis, O.pseudorhizoidea and O.termiticola, based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence. O.brunneirubra possesses orange to reddish-brown immersed perithecia on cylindrical to clavate stromata. O.khokpasiensis, O.mosingtoensis and O.termiticola have pseudo-immersed perithecia while O.asiatica, O.pseudocommunis and O.pseudorhizoidea all possess superficial perithecia, reminiscent of O.communis and O.rhizoidea. Phylogenetic analyses based on a combined dataset comprising the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and the largest subunit (LSU) of the ribosomal DNA, partial regions of the elongation factor 1-α (TEF) and the largest and second largest subunits for the RNA polymerase genes (RPB1, RPB2) strongly support the placement of these seven new species in Ophiocordyceps.
An Overview of the Current Research Carried Out in the French Western Alps Karsts
Authors: Audra Phillipe
Published: July 2019

Tekoče raziskave na podlagi geomorfologije kažejo napredovanje pri preučevanju kraških struktur, katerih začetek sega v gornji Miocen. K poznavanju krasa Zahodnih Alp so pripomogle sistematične analize na podlagi geomorfologije. Pri tem veliko koristi »imunost krasa«, ki ohranja stare prevodne strukture in njihovo zvezo s sedimenti. Kapniki kažejo na očitno povezavo z vegetacijo, v njih pa se lahko odražajo tudi geomorfološke krize. Klastični sedimenti odkrivajo mehansko erozijo. Na podlagi geomorfološkega pristopa je mogoče ugotoviti nastanek krasa in jam, kar vključuje razvojne stadije ter značilnosti okolja in procesov. Raziskovalci ponovno tehtajo prevladujočo vlogo, ki so jo včasih pripisovali ledenikom. Kras se pojavi takoj, ko nastane gradient in ko je z vodonosnika odstranjen neprepustni pokrov. Take okoliščine so bile že v zgornjem Miocenu in včasih celo prej. Na kras pleistocenske starosti je mogoče najti le v notranjih Alpah, kjer je bil ta pokrov odstranjen kasneje. Navpični sistemi, sestavljeni iz vrste brezen, so stari in postajajo vedno bolj kompleksni. primeri s terena zavračajo Fordovo klasifi kacijo, ki jim pripisuje nastanek v globoki freatični coni. Kratek pregled sedanjega stanja poznavanja tako ozemelj kot znanstvene snovi, ki jo raziskujejo, dovoljuje oceno napredka v zadnjem desetletju. Iz tega se tudi kaže neenakost med Severnimi in Južnimi Zahodnimi Alpami, kjer se Vercors izkaže za eno izmed najbolje preučenih planot v Alpah.Current research encloses karst systems geomorphologic approach, recent advances in study of karst structures which date back from the Upper Miocene. Karst genesis in Western Alps is brought up by systemic analysis, according to a geomorphologic approach. It uses the “karst immunity” that conserves old drainage structures and their associated sediments. Karst landscapes can be sorted into horizontal and vertical forms. Speleothems are clearly connected to the presence of vegetation but they also record geomorphic crisis. Clastic sediments reveal mechanical erosion. This approach concludes with karst genesis and speleogenesis reconstruction, which blend together evolution stages, environment characterization and processes. Researchers reconsider the preponderant part previously attributed to glaciers. Karst appears immediately when a gradient exists and when the aquifer is stripped of its impervious cover. Such conditions occurred from the Upper Miocene and sometimes before. Karsts of the Pleistocene age are only met in the Inner Alps where cover stripping occurred later. Vertical systems composed of shaft series are old and become more complex. Field evidence refutes FORDʼs classifi cation, which assigns a deep phreatic origin. A brief account of the present state of knowledge, according to region and researcherʼs scientifi c themes, allows establishing the last decadeʼs advances. It also shows a disparity between the North and the South Western Alps, where Vercors appears to be one of the best studied massifs in the Alps.
Unattached Fraction of Radon Decay Products as a Crucial Parameter for Radon Dosimetry in Postojna Cave
Authors: Vaupotič Janja , Kobal Ivan
Published: July 2019

V letih od 1998 do 2001 smo v zraku Postojnske jame na najnižji točki merili koncentracijo radona (CRn) in radonovih kratkoživih razpadnih produktov (CRnDP), ravnotežni faktor (F), delež nevezanih radonovih razpadnih produktov (fun), zračni tlak (P), relativno vlažnost zraka v jami (RH) in temperaturo zraka v jami (Tin) ter zunaj (Tout). Poseben poudarek je bil na fun in na njegovi odvisnosti od vremenskih razmer. Vrednosti fun so bile v širokem razponu, od 0,10 do 0,68. Z uporabo novega dozimetrijskega modela smo na osnovi izmerjenih vrednosti fun izračunali dozne pretvorbene faktorje in ugotovili, da so bili znatno višji od 5 mSv/WLM, to je vrednosti, ki jo priporoča metodologija ICRP-65. Tako so dejanske doze, ki jih prejmejo jamski vodiči, v povprečju za faktor 8 poleti in za faktor 2,7 pozimi višje od vrednosti, ki jih dobimo po dosedanji metodologiji ICRP-65.Short-term summer and winter monitoring was carried out at the lowest point in Postojna cave, on air concentrations on radon (CRn) and radon decay products (CRnDP), the equilibrium factor (F) and unattached fraction of radon decay products (f un ), barometric pressure (P), relative air humidity in the cave (RH) and air temperature outside (T out ) and in the cave (T in ), with the emphasis on f un . Dose conversion factors (DCF) for mouth and nasal breathing were calculated from the f un values (ranging from 0.10 to 0.68) and effective doses for the employees in the cave were obtained. These signifi cantly exceed the doses based on the ICRP-65 methodology now in use.
Structural Vocabulary of Cultural Landscape on the Island of Krk
Authors: Aničić Branka , Rechner Iva , Perica Dražen
Published: July 2019

V okviru raziskovanja kulturne krajine v Republiki Hrvaški gre posebno mesto območju Mediterana, na katerem je še najti, zvečine ogrožene, ostanke vredne kulturne krajine, ki se je izoblikovala pod vplivom podnebnih in talnih razmer na eni kot dolgotrajne svojevrstne kmetijske dejavnosti na drugi strani. Označujejo jo posebne strukture, zavoljo katerih ta kulturna krajina pomeni vredno kulturno dediščino in je hkrati tudi prvina nacionalne prepoznavnosti. Otok Krk v tem pogledu zbuja posebno pozornost, saj se je tu razvila raznovrstna tipologija vredne kulturne krajine. Ta prispevek je rezultat raziskav njenega strukturnega slovarja z namenom priti do boljšega umevanja in vrednotenja te krajine. Glede na kraški značaj območja so na njegovo veliko tipološko razčlenjenost najizraziteje vplivali naravni kraški pojavi (vrtače, uvale, kraška polja in suhe doline). Kot nasledek obdelovanja tal pa so nastale raznovrstne tvorbe kamnitih suhozidov, teras in drugih prvin. Ugotovljena je bila znatna pestrost krajinskih enot in vzorcev, in sicer s pomočjo struktur, ki tudi same pomenijo določeno vrednost in prispevajo k razumevanju in odčitavanju izjemne vrednosti teh krajin.Within the large-scale research project in Croatian cultural landscapes, a special place is occupied by the Mediterranean area, with its highly valuable cultural landscape structures. This area is characterised by authentic structures, which represent a valuable cultural heritage and an important element of the national identity. The island of Krk is particularly inspiring in this respect, due to an intricate cultural landscape typology that has developed there under the infl uence of natural features on the one hand, and the centuries-long agricultural activity on the other. This paper is the result of research in its structural vocabulary in order better to understand and value these unique landscapes. The complex typological articulation was generated mainly by natural karst phenomena (karst valleys and fi elds, small dolinas, dry valleys), as well as various stone walls, terraces, and similar features, formed through the process of land cultivation. A considerable diversity of landscape units and patterns has been identifi ed through particular structures which often turned out to be assets themselves, and which at the same time help to understand and interpret the outstanding value of the islandʼs landscape.
Natural Speleothem Damage in Postojnska Jama, Slovenia, Caused by Glacial Cave Ice? A First Assessment
Authors: Kempe Stephan
Published: July 2019

Naravne poškodbe kapnikov v Postojnski jami so že dolgo znane. Odlomljene in nagnjene stalagmite je na svojih slikah prvi upodobil Schaffenrath. Nekaj teh poškodb je preučil Hohenwart in kot vzrok odločno izključil skalni podor ali potres. V tem prispevku avtor razpravlja o vzrokih za naravno lomljenje kapnikov. Kot najustreznejši vzrok se kaže jamski led. Ko so bila v višku glaciala stalno zamrznjena tla razširjena po vsej severni, vzhodni in srednji Evropi, je v jamah moral nastajati led. Zaradi tega je najustreznejši dejavnik, s katerim bi lahko razložili starejše poškodbe kapnikov. Nadalje je v študiji predstavljenih nekaj zgodovinsko izpričanih lomov kapnikov iz Postojnske jame. O tem teče razprava z vidika jamskega ledu in predstavljen je ad hoc model nastanka ledu. V stranskih Pisanem in Brezimenem rovu so velike količine polomljenih stalagmitov in stalaktitov v nenavadnih položajih. Jamski led je lahko tisti dejavnik, ki razloži ta pojav. Avtor domneva, da je bila Postojnska jama med zadnjim in prejšnjim glacialom zapolnjena z ledom. V kolikor bi se strinjali, da je vzrok poškodovanim kapnikom jamski led, potem bi nam lahko taki kapniki služili kot pokazatelji, do kod v podzemlje je v raznih glacialih segala izoterma 0o C. Natural speleothem damage has been known from Postojnska jama for a long time. Schaffenrath was the fi rst to depict broken and leaning stalagmites on his pictures from the interior of the cave. Hohenwart analysed some of these damages, clearly excluding rock fall or earthquakes as a cause. Here the author discusses the possibilities, which could cause natural speleothem breakage in general. The most promising cause is cave ice. It must have formed in caves during glacial maxima when permafrost spread throughout northern, eastern and central Europe. Consequently cave ice could be the most prominent factor in explaining non-recent speleothem damage. Next some of the historically known fl owstone breakages from Postojnska jama are presented. These are discussed in view of cave ice and an ad hoc model for the genesis is given. In the side passages Pisani rov and Brezimenski rov there are masses of broken stalagmites and stalactites and speleothem fragments in precarious positions. Cave ice offers an overall process to explain these observations. Thus it is suggested that all or parts of the Postojnska jama were fi lled with ice during the Last and earlier Glacials. If accepting speleothem damage as a consequence of glacial cave ice, then it should be possible to use it as a marker facies for the extent of the zero temperature line during the various glacials.
Microstructure Analysis and Preparation of Graphene Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites
Authors: Liu He Ping , Sun Feng Er , Cheng Shao Lei , Liu Lang Lang , Gao Yi Bo
Published: July 2019

Although many problems in aluminium matrix composites have been solved, there are still many difficulties and challenges that need to be solved. In this work, graphene reinforced aluminum matrix composites are prepared by hot isostatic pressing and vacuum sintering. The microstructures of composite powders and composites were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effects of different ball milling parameters on the microstructures of composite powders were analyzed. The particle size of graphene coated aluminium composite powder increases with the increase of ball-to-material ratio. With the increase of milling time, graphene was gradually dispersed and coated on the aluminium powder particles, and the aluminium powder particles could be completely coated. with the increase of the speed, the large particles are extruded, sheared and the particles become smaller. The internal micro-deformation characteristics of graphene reinforced aluminium matrix composites were analyzed in detail.
Deformation Analysis of TC4 Titanium Alloy Shell Material
Authors: Wen Run Sheng , Zhang Yang
Published: July 2019

Using ABAQUS finite element analysis software, the bending model of TC4 titanium alloy was established to study the stress distribution and obtain the maximum compressive displacement by limiting its yield strength. Therefore, the applicable properties of the materials are evaluated to provide a basis for material optimization.
Study on the High Temperature Creep Behavior of 30Cr25Ni20 Heat-Resistant Steel
Authors: Yang You , Wang Xiao Dong , Tang Wei Feng
Published: July 2019

The high temperature creep test of heat-resisting steel 30Cr25Ni20 for automobile exhaust manifolds was carried out, and the creep strain-time curves at 650°C and 700°C in the different loads were obtained. The effects of different creep temperature and stress on creep life of materials were studied. The microstructure of the fracture after creep was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Microstructures before and after creep at different temperatures were compared by optical microscopy. The results show that the creep fracture life of heat-resistant steel decreases with the increase of stress at the same temperature. The creep fracture life decreases with the increase of temperature at the same stress, too. The fracture of heat-resistant steel shows good high temperature plasticity and a ductile fracture after creep. The fracture dimples become deeper with the increase of stress. At 650°Cand 700°C, the stress exponent is 8.6 and 6, respectively. When the sample was subjected to high temperature creep at 700°C, the precipitates increase obviously and the reticular structure became very large. At this point, the internal structure of the material is destroyed, and the matrix structure becomes unevenly distributed. The failure of the internal structure leads to the dramatic increase of the creep strain, and the failure of the internal structure will be more serious with the deformation of the sample.
Formation of Feed-Direction Burr in Axial Vibration Drilling
Authors: Wang Gui Cheng , Xu Guo Yong , Pang Tao
Published: July 2019

Based on the fundamental theory of axial vibration drilling, the influence of vibration drilling on the feed-exit burr has been analyzed. The result shows that, due to axial vibration,vibration drilling has some unique characteristics, such as variable-thickness cutting and impulse cutting,which not only improve the chip-breaking conditions and working angle of the drill,but reduce the thrust force.Therefore, the plastic deformation of workpiece material and the exit burr are restrained and decreased effectively.
Main Features of High Speed Machining Chucks and their Selection
Authors: Wang Gui Cheng , Pang Tao , Xu Guo Yong , Jiang Ding
Published: July 2019

With the development of high-speed machining technology, new technical requirements have been put forward for the clamping of high-speed cutting tools. The traditional clamping methods can not meet the needs of high-speed machining. In this paper, the comprehensive performance of high-speed chucks is systematically compared and analyzed, and the characteristics and main application areas of various high-speed chucks are sorted out, which provides a theoretical basis for scientific and rational selection of chucks.
Optimization of Precipitation Phase Type and Mechanical Properties of X2A66 Alloy by Pre-Deformation Treatment
Authors: Jiang Mang , Guan Rui Chun , Xu Jin Jun
Published: July 2019

In the present work, the effects of pre-deformation before aging on the precipitation phase and mechanical properties of a new type X2A66 alloy was investigated with the help of the room temperature tensile test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. The experimental research results prove that reducing the aging temperature or pre-deformation before aging is beneficial to improve the mechanical properties of the alloy. Compared with decreased aging temperature, pre-deformation treatment before aging can significantly improve the mechanical properties of the alloy, and its yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation are 593.4Mpa, 610.8Mpa, and 10.7%, respectively.
Observation of Tribological Fatigue Fracture on PEEK Shaft with Artificial Defect under One-Point Rolling Contact by Using 2.5D Layer Method
Authors: Koike Hitonobu , Yamada Shuta , Deng Gang , Mizobe Koshiro , Yamada Takuto , Kida Katsuyuki
Published: July 2019

In order to explore the mechanism of tribological fatigue fracture in PEEK (Poly-ether-ether-ketone) polymer mechanical element application, one-point contact type RCF (rolling contact fatigue) tests were carried out by using a PEEK shaft with an artificial defect. An alumina ball contacted a PEEK shaft specimen under maximum Hertzian stress 380 MPa. Flaking and internal fatigue crack propagation under the rolling track of the tested PEEK shaft were investigated through 2.5D layer observation method. The main fatigue crack occurred near the artificial defect on the rolling track of the PEEK shaft, and propagated into depth direction. In addition, the main fatigue crack branched due to internal shear stress. The branching crack as internal fatigue crack propagated into the ball’s rolling direction. After the linkage of the branching crack and another semicircular surface crack, the horseshoe-shaped flaking as tribological fatigue fracture occurred on the rolling track of the PEEK shaft.
Effect of Aspect Ratio on Horizontal Field Magnetoresistance
Authors: Phetchakul Toempong , Chemthung Yothin , Poyai Amporn
Published: July 2019

This paper studies the aspect ratio (W/L), width (W) per length (L) of semiconductor resistor based on Hall effect current mode for horizontal magnetic field. At low concentration, 1014 cm-3, W/L < 1, the length has direct effect to magnetoresistance. The W/L = 1, the large resistor provides magnetioresistance better than small device. The W/L ˃ 1, the width has inversely proportional to magnetoresistance. The %MR(B) is around 1 % at 0.5 T, 1 mA. The long resistor (W/L < 1) can create ΔR in the order of several kilo ohms and several hundred ohms for short resistor (W/L>1). The contribution factors ρ (L/W) for high ΔR are low concentration and aspect ratio (W/L<1). The high %MR(B) is contributed by high current density of short structure (W/L > 1). At high concentration 1017 cm-3, aspect ratio and magnetoresistance are not sensitive to magnetic field because the Hall effect hardly occurs in high concentration material.
Kinetic Processes in Polydisperse Systems: Experience of Practical Approximation
Authors: Garkina Irina , Danilov Alexander
Published: July 2019

Composite material is considered as a complex system with corresponding system attributes. The systematization of studies on the structure formation of composites is carried out to ensure the fundamentalization of building materials based on the use of analytical methods. The experience of using the linearization of kinetic processes in polydisperse systems is given. The most important cases are considered. Examples of parametric identification of a table-specified and nonlinear kinetic processes are given. The results were used in the development of special purpose composite materials.
Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Plain and Reversed Curve Nickel-Titanium Archwires
Authors: Pongpat Kanuengnit , Anuwongnukroh Niwat , Dechkunakorn Surachai , Wichai Wassana , Tua-Ngam Peerapong
Published: July 2019

In orthodontics, nickel-titanium wires are used for teeth alignment and leveling. For leveling the curve of Spee, reversed curve archwires are often used to increase the vertical force needed to correct a deep bite.Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate and compare the mechanical properties (unloading force, stiffness, springback, and surface hardness) of the pre-formed plain and reversed curved NiTi archwires.Materials and Methods: NiTi wires of dimensions 0.016x0.022 inch were divided into two groups, Group 1 - plain and Group 2- reversed curve NiTi archwires. For each type of the archwire, load-deflection curve obtained from a three-point bending test, performed by a Texture Analyser (TA.XT.plus, Stable Micro System, United Kingdom) with 5 kg load cell at room temperature, was used to analyze unloading force, springback, and stiffness. Surface hardness was measured by Vickers micro-hardness tester. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the variables of this study.Results: The results showed that the unloading force of each deflection point of the reversed curve NiTi archwire was more than the plain archwire. The means of unloading force, stiffness, and springback were 2.42 N, 2.76 N; 0.28 N/mm, 0.49 N/mm; and 2.94 mm, 2.98 mm for the plain archwire and reversed curve NiTi archwire, respectively. The properties of reversed curve NiTi archwire were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the plain NiTi archwire, except the springback. The surface hardness of the plain archwire was significantly higher (p<0.05) than reversed curve NiTi archwire in each segment.Conclusion: The reversed curve NiTi archwire had more unloading force and stiffness than plain NiTi archwire. For the correction of deep curve of Spee in orthodontic treatment, clinicians must be aware of the vertical force needed during intrusion of lower incisors or the wires should be used in the later leveling and aligning stage.
Effect of Shrinkage Reducing Admixture on Shrinkage and Crack Properties of Cement Based Materials
Authors: Yao Yan , Wu Hao , Wang Ling , Gao Rui Jun
Published: July 2019

In order to improve the dimensional stability of cement based materials, the effects of shrinkage reducing admixture (SRA) dosage on the shrinkage and crack properties of cement based materials were investigated. The hydration process of the cement pastes was tracked and monitored by hydration calorimeter and adiabatic temperature rise apparatus respectively. The action mechanism of SRA on hydration process of the cement based materials was characterized by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The shrinkage and crack results show that the ability of resist cracking of concrete can be effectively improved by SRA. The results of hydration calorimeter and adiabatic temperature rise indicate that the appear time of hydration temperature peak at early age was delayed and the development of hydration heat changed gently at later period by doped SRA. The results of DSC show that the release amount of hydration heat and the production of early calcium hydroxide can be delayed by SRA, however, there has no effects of SRA on the formation of cement hydration products like calcium hydroxide at the later period.
Experimental Study on Permanent Deformation of Fine Sandy Subgrade Filling in Coastal Region
Authors: Zhou Ding
Published: July 2019

By using repeated load triaxial test method, test results of permanent strain of fine sand were obtained. The main factors affecting permanent strain of fine sand samples are water content, degree of compaction and deviator stress. Permanent strain of sand is less sensitive to moisture when compared to clay and silt. Well compacted fine sand subgrade is less affected by the change of water content, which illustrates a more stable long-term performance. Analyze from meso-structure, the ellipsoid shaped particle is less stable than sphere shaped one under the effect to repeated load. Fine sand with smaller amount of ellipsoid shaped particle would have better dynamic behaviors. Predicting models of permanent strain with basic soil physical properties were established using regression analysis.
Modification of Ligustrum vulgare Leaves Extract as Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitors in Oil Fields
Authors: Xu Ren Jun , He Hua Lei , Tang Ying Li , Gao Min Lan , Hui Hai Peng , Du Wei Chao
Published: July 2019

Ligustrum vulgare is an evergreen tree. The leaves are opposite, glossy dark green, 6–17 centimetres (2.4–6.7 in) long and 3–8 centimetres (1.2–3.1 in) broad. The ligustrum vulgare leaves contain two main components, one of which is oleanolic acid and the other is p-hydroxyphenylethanol which indicates its extracts suitable to be used as an effective corrosion inhibitor. Extracts of ligustrum vulgare leaves (PE) were modified with hydroxymethylation reaction (PM1) and Mannich reaction (PM2) to produce the relative stable green acidic corrosion inhibitors. The extracts of ligustrum vulgare leaves have been investigated on the corrosion inhibition of A3 steel with weight loss. The results show that these inhibitors have good corrosion inhibition effect on A3 steel. The PM2 are the most effective for corrosion inhibition, and the inhibition efficiency can reach 75.95%. When the temperature is 60°C, the corrosion inhibition rate of PE, PM1, PM2 is only 24.46%, 42.35% and 39.35% respectively which can not effectively prevent the corrosion of the metal. And the extracts inhibit corrosion mainly by adsorption mechanism. This adsorption accords with Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
Crystalline Morphology and Crystallization Behavior of Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate)/Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites Prepared by Melt Compounding
Authors: Wang Kun Yan
Published: July 2019

Poly (trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)/functionalized graphene oxide (fGO) nanocomposites were prepared by melt compounding. The crystalline morphology and crystallization behavior of PTT/fGO with different amounts of fGO were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing optical microscope (POM). The results show that the crystallization peak shifts to higher temperature after adding fGO, indicating that fGO have a nucleating effect on PTT. The crystallization temperature of nanocomposites increases with increasing content of fGO. The XRD pattern of PTT/fGO nanocomposites almost no change that indicated the degree of crystallinity of the PTT matrix remained unaffected by the addition of fGO. The nanocomposite revealed integrated Maltese crossed spherulitic morphologies. When adding 1% fGO to the PTT, big-sized PTT spherulites occurred and small-sized PTT spherulites were formed around the big-sized PTT spherulites which indicated that the mechanism of nucleation is changed.
The Effect of Hand Acupuncture Therapy and Moxibustion Heat Therapy on Dysmenorrhea Women
Authors: Kim Sun Ock , Cho Su Hyun
Published: July 2019

In order to find out whether Hand Acupuncture Therapy and Moxibustion Heat Therapy is effective to relieve dysmenorrhea syndrome, we performed a Quasi-experiment on a group of fourty females. The experiment was carried out during the period from April 20 to August 20, 1999. The group was divided into two sub-groups called "a Hand Acupuncture Therapy sub-group" and "a Moxibustion Heat Therapy sub-group" consisting of 20 females respectively. Hand Acupuncture Therapy and Moxibustion Heat Therapy were performed four times a week. Especially, in case of Moxibustion Heat Therapy, subjects were treated twice a times.The data analyzed by an SAS program. The results are as follows 1) Hand Acupuncture Therapy and Moxibustion Heat Therapy are very effective to relieve dysmenorrhea syndrome.This study shows that in case of Hand Acupuncture Therapy sub-group, supposing that mean score of Menorrhalgia before treatment was 7.85, it became low to 4.50 when. subjects suffered the first menstruation and it was 2.50 at the second menstruation, and 1.60 at the third menstruation. In the mean score of Moxibustion Heat Therapy sub-group, Menorrhalgia before treatment was 7.85, it was 5.90 at the first menstruation(p<.05), and 3.00 at the second, and 1.85 at the third menstruation.2) Among Hand Acupuncture Therapy subgroup, 9 subjects could hardly be relieved from the pain of dysmenorrhea at the first menstruation. So, they were treated additionally with the method of tonification and sedation of abdominal diagnosis of three constitution and became completely relieved at second menstruation. Meanwhile, 7 subj ects among Moxibustion Heat Therapy also faced the same situation. So they were treated with Moxibustion on dorsum of hand and got effectiveness at the third menstruation after taking therapy.3) Odinary dysmenorrhea syndrome are constipation, dizziness, anorexia, abdominal pain, lumbago, breast engorgement, abdominal distention, dysconcentration, nervousness, diarrhea, nausea & vomitting, apathy, restlessness, fatigue, aggression, leg pain, edema. After taking therapy, all of subjects were relieved from these dysrnenorrhea syndrome at third menstruation.4) All subjects were classified into five types of physical constitution with abdominal diagnosis of three constitution as follows: 18 cases of left kidney right yang excess, 8 cases of left yin right yang excess, 7 cases of left right kidney excess, 5 cases of left right yang excess, 2 cases of left yang right kidney excess.
Empirical value relevance of German GAAP and IFRS
Authors: Schiebel H. Alexander
Published: July 2019

It seems logical to assume that GAAP aimed at informing investors show a higher association with share prices (value relevance) than GAAP aimed at protecting creditors. The majority of empirical studies support this assumption. This paper examines the value relevance of IFRS and German GAAP. Regression analyses are applied to companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and publishing exclusively either IFRS or German GAAP consolidated financial reports over the period 2000-2004. As a result of Regulation (EC) No 1606/2002, comparative research becomes impossible after 2004: German GAAP will no longer exist on European stock exchanges. The paper’s study is restricted to a single capital market in order to eliminate pricing differences between capital markets based in different countries that have already been done in earlier research. Improved circumstances for investigating value relevance compared with earlier research are, however, the selection criteria for the listed companies (emphasis on international transparency requirements, free float and free float market capitalisation) and the share prices used (average price around the end of the business year when the financial reporting data is not yet published). The results of the study show that German GAAP is statistically more value relevant than IFRS. These results have to be interpreted in the light of the selection criteria. It is an unexpected outcome calling for further research.
Adding shareholder value through dividend policy: Evidence from the United Kingdom on tax-based shareholder clienteles
Authors: Killian Sheila
Published: July 2019

This paper addresses the question of dividend clienteles based on shareholder-level taxation. In the United Kingdom in 1997, radical changes were made to the way in which the dominant shareholder clientele was taxed on dividend income. These changes provided a unique quasi-experimental opportunity for a direct test of dividend clienteles, and of tax theories. This issue is central to policy formation, and to predicting the likely impact on shareholder value of changes to the dividend policy pursued by firms.Evidence is presented of two distinct tax-based clienteles in the United Kingdom, with contrasting preferences, one of which was strong enough to influence payout in the firms in which this clientele invested. The implication for South African firms is that, as the tax system changes, the payout preference of shareholders may also change. It is imperative that corporate financial managers react to these clienteles, and their requirements.