bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The early evolution of star clusters in compressive and extensive tidal fields
Authors: Webb Jeremy J. , Patel Saahil S. , Vesperini Enrico
Published: February 2017

We present N-body simulations of star clusters that initially evolve within a strong compressive tidal field and then transition into an extensive tidal fields of varying strengths. While subject to compressive tides, clusters can undergo significant heating due to two-body interactions and mass-loss due to the stellar evolution. When the cluster transitions into an extensive tidal field it is supervirialized, which leads to a rapid expansion and significant mass-loss before the cluster reaches virial equilibrium. After the transition, clusters are significantly less massive, more extended and therefore more tidally filling than clusters that have spent their entire lifetimes in a similar extensive tidal field.
Patient Safety Checklists: Do They Improve Patient Safety for Supracondylar Humerus Fractures?
Authors: Williams Amy K. , Cotter Rose A. , Bompadre Vivana , Goldberg Michael J. , Steinman Suzanne S.
Published: February 2017

Background:

The purpose of the study was to investigate whether a safety checklist could be used consistently in an academic center, and, whether its presence correlates with a decreased rate of complications, and therefore, improved overall patient safety.

Methods:

Data from 3 years before and after the implementation of the checklist were compared. Prechecklist data from August 2008 through August of 2011, including all operative supracondylar humerus fractures treated at our institution, were retrospectively reviewed. Postchecklist data, from August 2011 to August 2014 were prospectively collected. Patients’ charts and their imaging were all reviewed for: fracture type, nerve injury, placement of a medial pin, infection, loss of alignment, loss of fixation, and return to the operating room (OR). Patients who were within the checklist group were reviewed for checklist compliance and concordance of resident and attending-attested checklists.

Results:

Nine hundred thirty-one operative supracondylar humerus fractures were reviewed—394 in the prechecklist group and 537 in the postchecklist group. There was no significant difference in fracture type between the prechecklist and postchecklist groups. No significant differences were found between prechecklist and postchecklist patients in regards to loss of fixation, loss of alignment, infection, or nerve injury. In the postchecklist group, the number of medial pins placed was significantly less than in the prechecklist group (P=0.0001), but this was not found to have clinical significance. In the prechecklist group, 11 patients returned to the OR for a second procedure, whereas 4 in the postchecklist group had a return to the OR. This finding was significant (P=0.015), but the returns to the OR were not related to checklist parameters. The checklist compliance of the attending physicians was 85.85% and the residents were compliant 83.11% of the time. There were documented discrepancies between resident and attending checklists in 7.38% of all total checklists.

Conclusions:

Our patient safety checklists are not necessarily affecting patient care in a clinically significant manner. It is important that we validate and refine these specialty-specific checklists before becoming reliant on them.

Level of Evidence:

Level III.
Multiple Recurrences in Aggressive Forms of Dupuytren’s Disease—Can Patients Benefit from Repeated Selective Fasciectomy?
Authors: Könneker Sören , Broelsch G. Felix , Krezdorn Nicco , Dastagir Khaled , Kuhbier Jörn W. , Paprottka Felix J. , Vogt Peter M.
Published: February 2017

Background:

In Dupuytren’s disease (DD), limited fasciectomy is the mainstay of surgical therapy in patients at risk of contractures and disease recurrences. New minimally invasive treatments such as injection of collagenase clostridium histolyticum have evolved as a common tool for the preliminary treatment of Dupuytren’s contractures. However, recurrences and their therapy remain controversial. In this study, we evaluate the benefit of repeated limited fasciectomy in patients with aggressive forms of the disease and multiple recurrences of contractures.

Methods:

We evaluated the outcome of 16 patients undergoing limited fasciectomy 3 or more times on a single hand.

Results:

Postoperatively, 10 of 13 (76.9%) patients were satisfied with the clinical result after the last operation; 10 of 12 (83.3%) patients would choose to have their surgery repeated, if so needed. The mean improvement of proximal interphalangeal joint range of motion was 59.2 degrees (SD 26.8) and 86.2% (SD 19.9). There were no severe complications after treatment within the observed time period.

Conclusions:

Our findings demonstrate that patients with recurrence of contractures after multiple previous treatments in aggressive forms of DD can benefit from surgical intervention. In conclusion, repeated limited fasciectomy remains indicated in patients after previous surgeries with DD.
HIDDEN INFORMATION IN COLOR FUNDUS PHOTOGRAPHS IS REVEALED BY THE DECORRELATION STRETCHING METHOD
Authors: Uji Akihito , Muraoka Yuki , Yoshimura Nagahisa
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

To investigate whether the decorrelation stretching method can be used to reveal hidden information in color fundus photographs.

Methods:

Five healthy subjects and 16 patients diagnosed with various eye diseases (five eyes with an epiretinal membrane, five eyes with geographic atrophy, five eyes with glaucoma, and one eye with pit-macular syndrome). Fundus photographs, obtained using a TRC-NW8F Plus Mydriatic/Non-Mydriatic Retinal Camera, were used for analyses, and the corresponding lesions were confirmed by other imaging modalities. Decorrelation stretching was performed using ImageJ.

Results:

The decorrelation stretching method successfully enhanced color fundus photographs. In eyes with epiretinal membrane, retinal folds, and the irregular reflex of the macula were markedly enhanced. In eyes with geographic atrophy, the area of the retinal pigment epithelium atrophy was clearly delineated after decorrelation stretching. Images of a laminar defect and nerve fiber layer defect were emphasized in glaucoma. In pit-macular syndrome, the pit was enhanced as minor color changes in the disk rim.

Conclusion:

The decorrelation stretching method has the potential to reveal hidden information in a color fundus photograph. Decorrelation stretching can be a powerful tool in a clinical setting in which only color fundus photography is available.
A Novel Method for Laser Suture Lysis Using Multispot Laser System
Authors: Kratz Assaf , Goldberg Ivan , Levy Jaime , Knyazer Boris , Lifshitz Tova
Published: February 2017

Although often uncomplicated, the current technique for laser suture lysis after filtration surgery requires patient cooperation and appropriate care taken by the surgeon. In cases with suboptimal cooperation, steadying the 50-µm laser aiming beam exactly over a thin 10-0 nylon suture, can be exhausting, difficult for both the patient and the surgeon; it may prove to be ineffective or even precipitate complications. We describe a novel method for laser suture lysis using a multispot laser system, which requires less patient cooperation and surgeon skills and yields excellent results.
First Described Case of Anterior and Posterior Segment Crystals in Phacolytic Glaucoma
Authors: Peracha-Riyaz Manal H. , Peracha Zuhair H. , Spaulding Justin , Baciu Paul , Ahmed Shareef , Imami Nauman R. , Darnley-Fisch Deborah , Desai Uday
Published: February 2017

Phacolytic glaucoma is an open-angle glaucoma that occurs when lens proteins from hypermature cataracts seep through an intact anterior capsule and induce obstruction of the trabecular meshwork by inflammatory cells. We review the case of a 66-year-old man who presented with acute pain, a hypermature cataract, prominent anterior chamber crystals, and elevated intraocular pressure. After cataract surgery was performed, iridescent crystals were noted in the posterior chamber. Anterior chamber crystals have been associated with phacolytic glaucoma, but this is the first case demonstrating crystals in the posterior chamber as well.
Impact of Care in a Multidisciplinary Clinic on a Child With Ultrashort Gut
Authors: Connolly Mary Ellen
Published: February 2017

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a condition characterized by dependence on total parenteral nutrition due to the inability of the intestines to absorb adequate nutrients, electrolytes, and water. SBS is most commonly seen in pediatric patients after extensive small bowel resection due to necrotizing enteroclolitis, intestinal atresias, gastroschisis, or volvulus (Cummings & Mercurio, 2012). The management of children with SBS focuses on maximizing enteral nutrition while mitigating the potential life-threatening complications of central venous line infections and liver failure. The process of slowly advancing enteral feedings and promoting enterocyte proliferation and villus height is termed adaptation (Warner, 2013). These changes provide an increased surface area for nutrient absorption. The promotion of adaptation is the cornerstone of pediatric intestinal rehabilitation. In the following paragraphs, a case study is presented describing the experiences of a child with ultrashort gut and her journey to independence from total parenteral nutrition at 3 years old. Key interventions that may have played a role in this child's success will be discussed.
African American Patient Preferences for Glaucoma Education
Authors: Sleath Betsy , Davis Scott , Sayner Robyn , Carpenter Delesha M. , Johnson Terence , Blalock Susan J. , Robin Alan L.
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The objectives of the study were to examine (a) the types of questions that African American patients have about glaucoma for their providers and (b) how patients’ sociodemographic characteristics are associated with where and from whom they would like to learn about glaucoma and glaucoma medications.

Methods

Forty-nine adult African American patients with glaucoma were recruited at a private ophthalmology clinic where they completed a questionnaire for this cross-sectional study.

Results

African American patients had a mean of 3.9 questions for their ophthalmologists; the questions that patients checked as having most often were “What is my prognosis with glaucoma?” (49%) and “What is my intraocular pressure?” (45%). Seventy-six percent of patients preferred that an educational program about glaucoma be offered at the doctor’s office and 39% preferred it be offered at a community or senior citizen center. Ninety percent said that the education program should be offered by doctors. Patients under the age of 70 were significantly more likely to want a program on the Internet than patients age 70 and over (Pearson χ
2 = 4.7, P = .03). If an educational program was developed patients reported being most interested in the following topics, glaucoma medications (84%), what is glaucoma and what does it mean to have it? (83%).

Conclusions

African American patients have many questions about glaucoma for their eye care providers. African American patients would prefer glaucoma educational programs be offered at their provider’s office. Our findings could be used to develop educational programs for African American patients with glaucoma.
Crystal structure of 6,7-dimethoxy-1-(4-nitrophenyl)quinolin-4(1H)-one: a molecular scaffold for potential tubulin polymerization inhibitors
Authors: Lien Vegard Torp , Olberg Dag Erlend , Klaveness Jo , Görbitz Carl Henrik
Published: February 2017

The protein tubulin is central for maintaining normal cellular processes, and molecules interfering with the tubulin dynamics have potential in the treatment of cancerous diseases. The title compound, C17H14N2O5, was prepared as a lead compound in a project dedicated to the development of therapeutic agents binding to the colchicine binding site on tubulin, thereby interfering with the cell division in cancer cells. It holds many of the main structural characteristics for colchicine binding and has the potential for further modification and functionalization. In the title molecule, the benzene ring is inclined to the quinoline ring by 76.10 (8)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by two pairs of C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming tubular-like arrangements, propagating along the direction of the diagonals of theabplane, and enclosingR22(26) andR22(16) ring motifs.
Land take effects on airborne fluxes: a proposal for future research development
Authors: Salata Stefano
Published: February 2017

Purpose

Among others, the resuspension of fine and ultrafine particulate matters (PMs) on air due by land take effect is an uncovered issue. The relation between land use change and fluxes of PM is not systematically observed even if the common classification of ecosystem services (ESs) clearly shows relationship between soil and aerosol concentrations. Soil does not act only as carbon pool, but it is also a crucial variable for the resuspension dynamic of particulates. If key policies of sustainable urban development is focused on “quality of life,” it is necessary to map and evaluate the effect of land take on airborne fluxes in metropolitan areas. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper allows to introduce pioneer studies on air quality in large urban areas outling a methodology of particulate field measurement. It introduces newer quantitative/qualitative assessment of environmental effect due to urbanization ensuring a major efficiency on ES degradation.

Findings

Expected results are the estimation of resuspension dynamics of aerosol for typical land cover pattern.

Research limitations/implications

Implications are mainly destinated to increase significant knowledge and general awareness of the environmental effect caused by urban growth: urban areas act as a hotspot for health risk as both particle sources and human population are concentrated in these areas.

Originality/value

Considering that cardiovascular diseases are significantly caused by air quality, the paper aims to support sustainable planning policies aimed to achieve a better quality of environment on urban areas.
Numerical model for hydrodynamics simulations of Trabalhador channel
Authors: Venâncio Stênio de Sousa , Villela Swami Marcondes , Pinho José Luís da Silva , Vieira José Manuel Pereira
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to construct a numerical model for the numerical analysis of the hydraulic transient profile in Trabalhador channel for filling and emptying maneuvers and to determine the water level in time. Model results support operational managers in the decision-making process.

Design/methodology/approach

Physical data were provided for the construction and calibration of the numerical model. The equations of Saint-Venant were approximated by a finite difference scheme and the numerical model was written in Fortran. The results of filling and emptying of the channel simulations were compared with the measured water levels.

Findings

Measured water levels and those simulated by the numerical model have shown good correlation. The time recorded for the filling and emptying of the canal was also close between the measured and simulated data. The simulation design flow pointed to inundation in the channel banks. Simulation water levels were slightly higher than those measured.

Research limitations/implications

In this model, the combination of canals and pressure conduits was not considered.

Practical implications

The findings confirm the measured time for filling and emptying of the canal, as well as inundation of canal banks for the maximum design flow. These results help in the management process.

Originality/value

This paper presents a numerical model for hydraulic transient analysis in channels with good agreement with the field data.
Environmental performance analysis: foundry industry case report
Authors: Rebelato Marcelo Girotto , Saran Luciana Maria , Cury Vitor Bernardes , Rodrigues Andréia Marize
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a case report involving environmental performance analysis of a small Brazilian business from the foundry industry.

Design/methodology/approach

An environmental performance indicator was developed (Iepa) which is calculated taking into consideration the weighting of potential environmental impacts of each residue/sub product generated, the relative spatial dispersion which each residue/sub product can reach, and the adequacy evaluation of final allocation accomplished by the company for each residue/sub product.

Findings

Despite the evidence that the corporation do not conduct washing of gases emitted from the chimney of the foundry furnace, which consists an environmentally inadequate attitude, the result of Iepa=97.50 percent was obtained. This favorable result is due to the adequate allocation given to residues generated in greater volume in the process, the molding sand. This sand is addressed to an industrial landfill, which is an environmentally adequate practice and approved by competent environmental authorities.

Practical implications

The method used can be applied to measure the environmental impact generated by any business of the foundry sector industry.

Originality/value

The originality of the work is in the developed method, which takes into account: the potential impact of each residue/sub product generated, the amount of each residue/sub product generated in a given time period, the dispersion that each residue/sub product can attain, and the evaluation of eventual allocation of each residue/sub product.
Research Note: A simple method of image solution for a sphere of constant electrical potential in a conducting half‐space: implications for the applied potential method
Authors: Butler S.L.
Published: February 2017

The applied potential, or mise‐à‐la‐masse, method is used in mineral exploration and environmental applications to constrain the shape and extent of conductive anomalies. However, few simple calculations exist to help gain understanding and intuition regarding the pattern of measured electrical potential at the ground surface. While it makes intuitive sense that the conductor must come close to the ground surface in order for the lateral extent of the potential anomaly to be affected by the dimensions of the conductor rather than simply by the depth, no simple calculation exists to quantify this effect. In this contribution, a simple method of images solution for the case of a sphere of constant electrical potential in a conducting half‐space is presented. The solution consists of an infinite series where the first term is the same as the method of images solution for a point current source in an infinite half‐space. The higher order terms result from the interaction of the constant potential sphere with the no‐flux boundary condition representing the ground surface and cause the change in the shape of the potential anomaly that is of interest in the applied potential method. The calculation is relevant to applied potentials when the conductive anomaly is limited in all three space dimensions and is highly conductive. Using the derived formula, it is shown that, while the electrical potential at the ground surface caused by the sphere is affected even when the sphere is quite deep, the ratio of the potential to the current, a quantity that is more relevant to the applied potential method, is not affected until the centre of the sphere is within two radii of the ground surface. An expression for the contact resistance of the sphere as a function of depth is also given, and the contact resistance is shown to increase by roughly 45% as the sphere is moved from great depth to the ground surface.
Transcriptomic and virulence factors analyses of Cryptococcus neoformans hypoxia response
Authors: Kong Qingtao , Yang Rui , Wang Zhen , Zhou Wenquan , Du Xue , Huang Suyang , Jiang Yuan , Liu Weida , Sang Hong
Published: February 2017

Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental pathogen requiring atmospheric levels of oxygen for optimal growth. Upon inhalation, C. neoformans disseminates to the brain and causes meningoencephalitis. However, the mechanisms by which the pathogen adapts to the low‐oxygen environment in the brain have not been investigated. We isolated a C. neoformans strain with a small capsule from a host tissue, although this strain produces large capsules in normoxic conditions. We hypothesize that this difference in capsule size is attributed to hypoxia caused by chronic inflammatory response. This study investigated the effect of hypoxia on virulence factors (including capsule, melanin, urease, and phospholipase) of C. neoformans and conducted transcriptomic analyses of the virulence‐associated genes. We found that C. neoformans grew under hypoxic condition, albeit slowly, and that hypoxia may have inhibited the capsule size, melanin production, and phospholipase and urease activities in C. neoformans.
When Cooperation and Compromise Fail: Distrusting and Denigrating the Moral Character of Those Who Disagree
Authors: Hughes Jamie S.
Published: February 2017

People tend to view adversaries with dissimilar opinions as irrational, biased, and negatively motivated. However, when adversaries show honest attempts to compromise evaluations should become more positive. Unfortunately, the evidence presented here does not support this idea. Across five studies using different attitudinal issues perceivers believed dissimilar attitude targets were negatively motivated, untrustworthy, and less moral compared to similar attitude targets. Further, moral character judgments mediated the relationship between attitude target and trust. Fortunately, the strong association between motives and morality provided an opportunity to intervene. Those explicitly told that an attitude target held positive rather than negative long‐term motives evaluated those with dissimilar and similar attitudes positively. Discussion focuses on the importance of these findings for theory and public policy.
WHAT YOU DON'T KNOW CAN HURT YOU: KNOWLEDGE PROBLEMS IN MONETARY POLICY
Authors: Salter Alexander W. , Smith Daniel J.
Published: February 2017

Many economists hold that monetary policy missteps played a role in causing or prolonging the 2007–2008 financial crisis. In light of the perceived failure of monetary orthodoxy, models are being theoretically refined and empirically recalibrated. Absent from these technical debates is a recognition of the immense knowledge burdens inherent in monetary policy. We argue that Fed authorities do not have the knowledge required to achieve their own monetary objectives, given their inability to approximately measure or predict changes in the demand for money. Finally, we evaluate the ability of free banking to overcome this knowledge problem. (JEL E42, E52, E58, E61, P16)
Self‐management interventions in pediatric epilepsy: What is the level of evidence?
Authors: Wagner Janelle L. , Modi Avani C. , Johnson Erica K. , Shegog Ross , Escoffery Cam , Bamps Yvan , Austin Joan K. , Schultz Rebecca J. , MapelLentz Sarah , Smith Gigi
Published: February 2017

Objective

To respond to recommendations put forth by the Institute of Medicine to improve self‐management resources for youth with epilepsy by conducting a systematic review of the self‐management literature in pediatric epilepsy.

Methods

Inclusion criteria: youth birth to 18 years with a seizure disorder or an epilepsy diagnosis and/or their caregivers, published 1985–2014 in English, and conducted in countries with a very high human development index. Abstract and keywords had to explicitly refer to “self‐care” (pre‐1996) and/or self‐management (post‐1996). The review was conducted in seven phases: (1) identification of bibliographical search criteria and databases; (2) abstract assessment; (3) full article review; (4) organization of final citations into instrument development, intervention, factors associated with self‐management categories; (5) American Academy of Neurology level of evidence (LOE) assessment for intervention studies; (6) CONsolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) evaluation of LOE level III articles utilizing a control group; and (7) categorization of intervention outcomes across four self‐management domains.

Results

Of the 87 articles that met eligibility criteria, 24 were interventions and received LOE scores of level III or IV. Most studies (n = 20, 80%) were scored at level III; however, only eight had a control group and adhered to CONSORT guidelines. They largely neglected information on intervention components (e.g., implementation, treatment fidelity), randomization, participant flow, missing data, and effect size or confidence intervals. The 24 intervention studies reported significant impact in four domains: individual (n = 13), family (n = 6), health care system (n = 3), and community (n = 2).

Significance

There are no level I or II studies. No study met full CONSORT guidelines. Outcomes were well described; however, the nature of self‐management interventions (e.g., multiple foci, skills targeted) and the observed heterogeneity in outcomes complicates comparisons across studies. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that include large sample sizes, impact of the intervention, treatment fidelity, and power analyses are necessary to further this evidence base.
Expanding the view of Clock and cycle gene evolution in Diptera
Authors: Chahad‐Ehlers S. , Arthur L. P. , Lima A. L. A. , Gesto J. S. M. , Torres F. R. , Peixoto A. A. , de Brito R. A.
Published: February 2017

We expanded the view of Clock (Clk) and cycle (cyc) gene evolution in Diptera by studying the fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus (Afra), a Brachycera. Despite the high conservation of clock genes amongst insect groups, striking structural and functional differences of some clocks have appeared throughout evolution. Clk and cyc nucleotide sequences and corresponding proteins were characterized, along with their mRNA expression data, to provide an evolutionary overview in the two major groups of Diptera: Lower Diptera and Higher Brachycera. We found that AfraCYC lacks the BMAL (Brain and muscle ARNT‐like) C‐terminus region (BCTR) domain and is constitutively expressed, suggesting that AfraCLK has the main transactivation function, which is corroborated by the presence of poly‐Q repeats and an oscillatory pattern. Our analysis suggests that the loss of BCTR in CYC is not exclusive of drosophilids, as it also occurs in other Acalyptratae flies such as tephritids and drosophilids, however, but it is also present in some Calyptratae, such as Muscidae, Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae. This indicates that BCTR is missing from CYC of all higher‐level Brachycera and that it was lost during the evolution of Lower Brachycera. Thus, we can infer that CLK protein may play the main role in the CLK\CYC transcription complex in these flies, like in its Drosophila orthologues.
Land Market Restrictions, Women's Labour Force Participation and Wages in a Rural Economy
Authors: Emran M. Shahe , Shilpi Forhad
Published: February 2017

We analyse the effects of land market restrictions on the rural labour market outcomes for women. The existing literature emphasizes two mechanisms through which land restrictions can affect economic outcomes: collateral value of land, and (in)security of property rights. Our analysis focuses on an alternative mechanism where land restrictions increase costs of migration out of villages. Testable prediction of collateral channel is that wages remain unchanged, but the effects on labour force participation are ambiguous. Insecurity of property rights in land reduces labour force participation, but leaves wages undisturbed. In contrast, if land restrictions work primarily through higher migration costs, labour force participation increases, while wages decline. For identification, we exploit a natural experiment in Sri Lanka where historical malaria played a unique role in land policy. We provide robust evidence of a positive effect of land restrictions on women's labour force participation, but a negative effect on female wages. The empirical results thus contradict a collateral or insecure property rights effect, but supports migration costs as the primary mechanism.
Knowledge and attitudes of women regarding gynaecological cancer prevention in an urban area of Greece in financial crisis
Authors: Saridi Maria , Kapogeorgou Eleni , Rekleiti Maria , Geitona Maria , Souliotis Kyriakos
Published: February 2017

Introduction

Preventive gynaecological examinations (PGEs) are the main means of monitoring gynaecological cancers across the developed world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions and attitudes of women of a regional municipality of Greece, regarding preventive gynaecological examinations amid economic crisis.

Material and methods

The study included 360 women aged 20–70 years, who lived in an urban area of Greece. A specialised, valid and anonymous questionnaire that included questions about perceptions and attitudes regarding preventive gynaecological examinations was used. The data analysis was performed using the statistical package spss 21.

Results

It was found that women who lived in less developed areas had had lower educational levels and higher abstinence rates from medical examinations. The main source of information about sexually transmitted diseases was their social circle (48%), but the gynaecologist is the one preferred (54.8) to inform about preventive gynaecological examinations. Thirty per cent of the participants had never have a mammogram, while 33.9% of the sample did not show the same result, although considered the Pap test necessary. The main cause of women's abstention of preventive gynaecological examinations is the financial crisis.

Conclusions

The current financial crisis has negatively affected the women's ability to afford gynaecological examinations. Therefore, it is necessary to inform the population about the necessity of preventive gynaecological examinations starting from school age and at the same time, health information and promotion campaigns should be launched at a national level.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bifidobacterium lemurum DSM 28807
T
Isolated from the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Ring-Tailed Lemurs (
Lemur catta
)
Authors: Toh Hidehiro , Matsubara Takehiro , Tomida Shuta , Mimura Iyo , Arakawa Kensuke , Kikusui Takefumi , Morita Hidetoshi
Published: February 2017

Bifidobacterium lemurum
DSM 28807
T
was isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts of ring-tailed lemurs (
Lemur catta
). Here, we report the first draft genome sequence of this organism.
Retail Order-Taking Strategies Under Competing Trade Credit Policies With Varying Demands
Authors: Qin Juanjuan , Zhang Aina , Xia Liangjie , Liu Mengqi
Published: February 2017

This paper discusses optimal order-taking strategies under competing trade credit policies with varying demands. This study examines three decision-making scenarios, namely, (i) a centralized supply chain, (ii) a decentralized supply chain, and (iii) a coordinated supply chain with a buyback contract. Optimal decisions are obtained for each scenario. We find that if the average forecast value of credit sensitivity is higher than the real value, then the supply chain is at risk of having an overestimated performance; if the average forecast value of credit sensitivity is lower than the actual value, then the supply chain is at risk of having an underestimated performance. As the sensitivity of the credit competition increases, the supply chain’s performance decreases. The supply chain can be coordinated by a buyback contract.
Isostasy as a tool to validate interpretations of regional geophysical datasets – application to the mid-Norwegian continental margin
Authors: Gradmann Sofie , Haase Claudia , Ebbing Jörg
Published: February 2017

Isostasy is a well understood concept, yet rarely applied to its full capacity in regional interpretations of crustal structures. In this study, we utilize a recent density model for the entire NE Atlantic, based on refraction seismic data and gravity inversion, to calculate isostatically balanced bathymetry along the mid-Norwegian margin. Since gravity and isostatically balanced elevation are independent observables but both depend on the underlying density model, consistencies and discrepancies point towards model deficits, erroneously interpreted or poorly understood areas.

Four areas of large isostatic residuals are identified. Along the outer Vøring Margin, a mass deficit points to more extensive high-density bodies or a shallower Moho than currently mapped. Farther seaward, along the Vøring Marginal High, a mass excess indicates inaccurate mapping of the continent–ocean boundary and surrounding structures. A number of eclogitic bodies along the proximal mid-Norwegian margin have been described in recent publications and their presence is now also confirmed by isostatic calculations. Major elevation and gravity residuals along the transition between the Vøring and Møre margins signify that the structure of this region is poorly understood and modifications to the mapped continent–ocean transition may be required.
Clinical Validation of the INTERGROWTH-21st Standards of Fetal Abdominal Circumference for the Prediction of Small-for-Gestational-Age Neonates in Italy
Authors: Bellussi Federica , Cataneo Ilaria , Visentin Silvia , Simonazzi Giuliana , Lenzi Jacopo , Fantini Maria Pia , Mimmi Stefano , Cosmi Erich , Pilu Gianluigi
Published: February 2017

Objectives: To compare the accuracy of the INTERGROWTH-21st (IG-21) with the Italian Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (SIEOG) abdominal circumference (AC) standards in the detection of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses in a high-risk population. Material and Methods: Our study included all pregnant patients with an increased risk of placental insufficiency that were seen in two Italian university hospitals between 2014 and 2015. The accuracy of IG-21 and SIEOG AC standards in the detection of SGA neonates was analyzed by means of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) at 4 gestational age intervals (24-27, 28-31, 32-35, >35 weeks). Results: We enrolled 428 patients (278 Italians). There was no significant difference between the ROC-AUC of AC according to IG-21 and SIEOG standards for all birthweight thresholds and gestational intervals that were considered. The diagnostic performance was similar in Italian and non-Italian patients. The accuracy was, however, limited, with values of ROC-AUC ranging between 0.80 and 0.89. Conclusions: The IG-21 and SIEOG AC standards are interchangeable for the diagnosis of SGA fetuses. The diagnostic accuracy is, however, limited. We provide figures that can be used to stratify the probability that an infant will be SGA in an obstetric population at increased risk of growth restriction.
Prevalence Rates of Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment Are Affected by the Diagnostic Parameter Changes for Neurocognitive Disorders in the DSM-5 in a Korean Population
Authors: Han Ji Won , So Yoonseop , Kim Tae Hui , Lee Dong Young , Ryu Seung-Ho , Kim Seong Yoon , Kim Shin Gyeom , Kim Shin-Kyum , Youn Jong Chul , Jhoo Jin Hyeong , Kim Jeong Lan , Lee Seok Bum , Lee Jung Jae , Kwak Kyung Phil , Moon Seok Woo , Kim Bong Jo , Bae Jae Nam , Woo Jong Inn , Jeong Hyeon , Park Joon Hyuk , Kim You Joung , Kim Ki Woong
Published: February 2017

Aim: To examine the impact of the revised diagnostic criteria for neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) on the prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: A total of 755 participants aged 65 years or older in the Nationwide Survey on Dementia Epidemiology in Korea 2012 were rediagnosed according to the DSM-5 criteria. Results: The estimated age-, gender-, education-, and urbanicity-standardized prevalence rates of major and mild NCDs were 8.35 and 11.10%, respectively, and those of dementia and MCI were 8.74 and 31.85%, respectively. Cohen's κ for dementia and major NCD was 0.988, and that for MCI and mild NCD was 0.273. Conclusion: Diagnostic discrepancies between major/mild NCDs and dementia/MCI might depend on the operationalization of neuropsychological performance criteria.
When Renunciation is Good Politics: The Women of the Imperial Nunnery of the Northern Wei (386–534)
Authors: Balkwill Stephanie
Published: February 2017

In order to examine the ways in which women of the court interacted with the Buddhist monastic establishment in early medieval China, this article investigates one particularly important nunnery, the imperially-funded Yaoguang si (Jeweled radiance nunnery) of the Northern Wei (368–534). Using the Luoyang qielan ji (Record of Buddhist Monasteries in Luoyang, T. no. 51.2092), the Weishu (Book of the Wei), and selections from entombed mortuary epigraphy, or muzhiming, the study will introduce a number of women from the Yaoguang si whose lives complicate our understandings of what it meant to be a bhikṣuṇī (nun) in early medieval China, particularly in the turbulent North. Arguing that the women of the Northern Wei court moved in and out of the nunnery in order to advance their own political standing and safeguard their tumultuous lives, this study will reveal how ordained women appear to have lived at court, while, in some cases, women of indeterminate ordination status lived in the nunnery. Such a study both problematizes received notions of Buddhist ordination for women in China – largely influenced by the Biqiuni zhuan (Biographies of the Bhikṣuṇīs, T. no. 50.2063) – while also exposing just how antagonistic life was for women who lived and worked in a patriarchal court that did not provide space or opportunity for them to advance politically.
The Fourth Way
Authors: Blake Anthony
Published: February 2017

This essay describes the ideas, practices, and purposes of the “Fourth Way,” introduced by G. I. Gurdjieff a hundred years ago. It does so, through the eyes of the author, via a narrative largely based on his experiences with one of Gurdjieff’s leading exponents named John Bennett. The author expresses his own unfolding understanding of the Fourth Way rather than attempting to sum up or define it. The many illustrations included give a more concrete flavor than words alone can provide. This article covers the decade 1960–1970, and is the first part of a longer autobiographical work that will resume the story from 1970 until the present day.
Gurdjieff beyond the Personality Cult: Reading the Work and Its Re-Workings
Authors: Karalis Vrasidas
Published: February 2017

This article is a philosophical, aesthetic, and existential exploration of a small book written by one of Gurdjieff’s disciples, René Zuber (1902–1979), under the title Qui êtes-vous Monsieur Gurdjieff? (Le Courrier du Livre, 1977, éditions Éoliennes, 1997 and in English, translated by Jenny Koralek, Arkana, 1980). Formally the book belongs to a hybrid genre mixing autobiography, philosophy, religious reflection, memoir, and essay. It was composed by Zuber in order to interpret and contextualize Gurdjieff’s teaching and presence particularly during the last years of his life in Paris. At the core of the narrative rests the strange, tense, and somehow ambivalent relationship between Zuber and Gurdjieff, a relationship of equal admiration and reservation, in an attempt, after the death of the master, to establish the proper intellectual and phenomenological locus for Gurdjieff’s work.
The European Union’s Passenger Name Record Data Directive 2016/681: Is it Fit for Purpose?
Authors: Lowe David
Published: February 2017

In 2016 the European Union (eu) introduced a Passenger Name Record Data (pnr) Directive. There has been controversy in the eu over the acquisition and sharing of pnr data, related mainly to the lack of safeguards and protection of personal data protection. This article examines these issues related to earlier eu pnr agreements with third countries and why previous eu attempts to legislate in this area failed. By drawing a comparison with the 2011 pnr Directive proposal, the article argues that by meeting the strict eu law on data protection as well as being necessary to assist in preventing and detecting acts of terrorism and serious crime it is submitted the 2016 Directive is fit for purpose and able to withstand scrutiny by the Court of Justice of the European Union.
Hosting a Tent City: Student Engagement and Homelessness
Authors: McKinney Jennifer , Snedker Karen A.
Published: February 2017

In response to increasing homelessness in our city, Seattle Pacific University invited a homeless encampment (Tent City) to reside on our university campus for three months. This provided an opportunity to engage students on issues of poverty and inequality. Building from a service-learning model, we devised course work around homelessness and applied research. Students took a two-quarter course sequence to become knowledgeable about homelessness and sociological research methods in order to collect field observations and conduct interviews with Tent City residents. Based on student reflections, stereotypes about homelessness were challenged and social distance between students and people who were homeless was reduced. Student exposure to homelessness through faculty-guided research is an effective tool in developing a sociological imagination and an important step in fostering agents of social change.
Numerical analysis on design and application of cement-based sensor for structural health monitoring
Authors: Cui Xia , Wang Yunyang , Zeng Shuzhu , Zhou Daocheng , Han Baoguo , Yu Xun , Ou Jinping
Published: February 2017

This article simulates the stress state and strain compatibility of the sensor embedded into concrete member to provide theoretical support for design and application of cement-based sensor. The effect of sensor dimension, voltage electrode separation, and surface roughness on strain compatibility between the embedded sensor and the concrete surrounding it is analyzed. The optimally designed sensor is embedded into concrete for health monitoring, and its stress state is investigated. A modified method for the monitoring results is proposed by studying the effect of embedded location and small deflection angle of the sensor, strength grade of concrete, amplitudes, and types of load on stress/strain compatibility. The results show that the optimum dimension and voltage electrode separation of the sensor are 20 mm × 20 mm × 40 mm and 10 mm, respectively. The sensors are nearly subjected to a uniaxial stress state when the sensor is embedded in internal strain-homogeneous area of concrete structure. The presence of the sensor will affect the stress distribution of the concrete around the sensor. The strain of the sensor is approximately coordinated with that of concrete surrounding it. The monitoring results need to be modified with the correction coefficient of corresponding effect factors to ensure monitoring accuracy.
The Prevalence and Clinical Relevance of ASA Nonresponse After Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Bicentric Study
Authors: Wand Saskia , Adam Elisabeth Hannah , Wetz Anna Julienne , Meybohm Patrick , Kunze-Szikszay Nils , Zacharowski Kai , Popov Aron Frederick , Moritz Anton , Moldenhauer Lisa , Kaiser Julia , Bauer Martin , Weber Christian Friedrich
Published: February 2017

We aimed to identify the prevalence of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) nonresponse in patients after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and the possible consequences for the rate of major cardiovascular events. This prospective, observational, bicentric cohort study was conducted in two German University hospitals. A total of 400 patients (200 in each study center) undergoing elective CABG surgery were enrolled after written informed consent. Platelet function was analyzed on day 3 (d3) and day 5 (d5) postoperatively following stimulation with arachidonic acid (ASPItest) and with thrombin receptor–activating peptide 6 (TRAPtest) using multiple electrode aggregometry (Multiplate). Individuals with an ASPItest ≥40 AU·min were categorized as ASA nonresponders. A 1-year follow-up recorded the combined end point of cardiovascular events, hospital admissions, or deaths related to cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of ASA nonresponse was 51.5% on d3, and it significantly increased to 71.3% on d5 ( P = .0049). The area under the aggregation curve in the TRAPtest ( P < .0001), the platelet count on d5 ( P = .009), and the cardiopulmonary bypass time ( P = .01) were identified as independent predictors of an ASA nonresponse. A 1-year follow-up recorded 54 events fulfilling criteria for the combined end point with no difference between ASA responders and nonresponders. This study indicates a high incidence of perioperative ASA nonresponse in patients following CABG. No effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events was recorded in the 1-year follow-up. Therefore, a randomized dosage adjustment trial should elucidate whether a tailored ASA treatment after CABG surgery represents a useful concept.
Performing jazz and the jazz constellation
Authors: Mordue Tom , Dennis Noel
Published: February 2017

In this article, we explore the arts/market dualism in jazz from a fresh methodological, empirical and theoretical perspective in which post-structuralist thought on performativity, relational space and actor–networks is used to interrogate the ecology of jazz production and consumption we call ‘the jazz constellation’. In this, we trace the positioning(s) and movements of an increasingly well-known jazz musician via an analytic auto-ethnographical account of being and becoming an authentic jazz musician in the United Kingdom. By this, we give a rich, first-hand account of how the jazz constellation operates at and through the individual level. We then consider the extent of the negative grip the arts/market dualism has on jazz musicians, and ask if it can be overcome or eased in practice. Finally, we provide pointers towards future research that might draw on the post-structuralist approach adopted here.
Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep in COPD guidelines: A systematic review
Authors: Lewthwaite Hayley , Effing Tanja W , Olds Timothy , Williams Marie T
Published: February 2017

Objectives:

Physical activity, sedentary and sleep behaviours have strong associations with health. This systematic review aimed to identify how clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) report specific recommendations and strategies for these movement behaviours.

Methods:

A systematic search of databases (Medline, Scopus, CiNAHL, EMbase, Clinical Guideline), reference lists and websites identified current versions of CPGs published since 2005. Specific recommendations and strategies concerning physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep were extracted verbatim. The proportions of CPGs providing specific recommendations and strategies were reported.

Results:

From 2370 citations identified, 35 CPGs were eligible for inclusion. Of these, 21 (60%) provided specific recommendations for physical activity, while none provided specific recommendations for sedentary behaviour or sleep. The most commonly suggested strategies to improve movement behaviours were encouragement from a healthcare provider (physical activity n = 20; sedentary behaviour n = 2) and referral for a diagnostic sleep study (sleep n = 4).

Conclusion:

Since optimal physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep durations and patterns are likely to be associated with mitigating the effects of COPD, as well as with general health and well-being, there is a need for further COPD-specific research, consensus and incorporation of recommendations and strategies into CPGs.