bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O método analytic network process na instalação de polos de ensino a distância: uma análise bibliométrica
Authors: Silva Fabrício Martins Carvalho da , Abreu Júlio César Andrade de
Published: August 2020

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo mapear a produção científica em apoio multicritério no método Analytic Network Process aplicado à instalação de polos de ensino a distância, identificando os periódicos, autores, países e as instituições que mais publicaram sobre o tema, e dessa forma propor a futuros pesquisadores um método para desenvolver um “núcleo de partida” de uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Foi utilizado um modelo proposto de webibliomining, na base de dados Web of Science, que analisou a produção científica no período de 2003 a 2017. Os procedimentos metodológicos se utilizaram de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, com abordagem quantitativa. Os resultados apontaram 11.221 artigos, e após uma análise bibliométrica constatou-se que o “pico” da produção foi no ano de 2017 com 1.556 artigos. Os Estados Unidos foram responsáveis por 25,30% do total de artigos publicados, sendo a Educação a área que mais publicou artigos, 24,97%. Foram selecionados trinta artigos para compor o “núcleo de partida” para uma futura pesquisa bibliográfica.
Acute Stroke Presentation, Care, and Outcomes in Community Hospitals in Northern California During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nguyen-Huynh Mai N. , Tang Xian Nan , Vinson David R. , Flint Alexander C. , Alexander Janet G. , Meighan Melissa , Burnett Molly , Sidney Stephen , Klingman Jeffrey G.
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose:

Shelter-in-place (SIP) orders implemented to mitigate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spread may inadvertently discourage patient care-seeking behavior for critical conditions like acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to compare temporal trends in volume of acute stroke alerts, patient characteristics, telestroke care, and short-term outcomes pre- and post-SIP orders.

Methods:

We conducted a cohort study in 21 stroke centers of an integrated healthcare system serving 4.4+ million members across Northern California. We included adult patients who presented with suspected acute stroke and were evaluated by telestroke between January 1, 2019, and May 9, 2020. SIP orders announced the week of March 15, 2020, created pre (January 1, 2019, to March 14, 2020) and post (March 15, 2020, to May 9, 2020) cohort for comparison. Main outcomes were stroke alert volumes and inpatient mortality for stroke.

Results:

Stroke alert weekly volume post-SIP (mean, 98 [95% CI, 92–104]) decreased significantly compared with pre-SIP (mean, 132 [95% CI, 130–136];
P
<0.001). Stroke discharges also dropped, in concordance with acute stroke alerts decrease. In total, 9120 patients were included: 8337 in pre- and 783 in post-SIP cohorts. There were no differences in patient demographics. Compared with pre-SIP, post-SIP patients had higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores (
P
=0.003), lower comorbidity score (
P
<0.001), and arrived more often by ambulance (
P
<0.001). Post-SIP, more patients had large vessel occlusions (
P
=0.03), and there were fewer stroke mimics (
P
=0.001). Discharge outcomes were similar for post-SIP and pre-SIP cohorts.

Conclusions:

In this cohort study, regional stroke alert and ischemic stroke discharge volumes decreased significantly in the early COVID-19 pandemic. Compared with pre-SIP, the post-SIP population showed no significant demographic differences but had lower comorbidity scores, more severe strokes, and more large vessel occlusions. The inpatient mortality was similar in both cohorts. Further studies are needed to understand the causes and implications of care avoidance to patients and healthcare systems.
Inverse-Rendering-Based Analysis of the Fine Illumination Effects inSalvator Mundi
Authors: Liang Marco (Zhanhang) , Zhao Shuang , Goodrich Michael T.
Published: August 2020

The painting Salvator Mundi is attributed to Leonardo da Vinci and depicts Jesus holding a transparent orb. The authors study the optical accuracy of the fine illumination effects in this painting using inverse rendering. Their experimental results provide plausible explanations for the strange glow inside the orb, the anomalies on the orb and the mysterious three white spots, supporting the optical accuracy of the orb's rendering down to its fine-grain details.
Pixel of Matter: New Ways of Seeing with an Active Volumetric Filmmaking System
Authors: Ban Seonghoon , Hyun Kyung Hoon
Published: August 2020

Using volumetric filmmaking as a medium for artists and designers requires the development of new methodologies and tools. We introduce an installation art project using the active volumetric filmmaking technology to investigate its possibilities in art practice. To do that, we developed a system to film volumetric video in real time, thereby allowing its users to capture large environments and objects without fixed placement or preinstallation of cameras. Active volumetric filmmaking helps us realize the digital reconstruction of physical space in real time and can be expected to ultimately facilitate the coexistence of real and virtual spaces.
Cacophonic Choir: An Interactive Art Installation Embodying the Voices of Sexual Assault Survivors
Authors: Kıratlı Şölen , Wolfe Hannah E. , Bundy Alex
Published: August 2020

This paper describes the conceptual background, design and implementation of an interactive art installation, Cacophonic Choir, that aims to bring attention to the firsthand stories of sexual assault survivors. Cacophonic Choir addresses the ways in which their experiences are distorted by digital and mass media, and how these distortions may affect survivors. The installation comprises multiple agents, distributed in space, that are heard from afar as an incoherent cloud of murmurs. Each agent responds to a visitor's proximity by becoming more visually bright, semantically coherent and sonically clear, revealing a different personal account of a sexual assault survivor.
Two new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from northern Laos, including new finding and expanded diagnosis of C. bansocensis
Authors: SCHNEIDER NICOLE , LUU VINH QUANG , SITTHIVONG SALY , TEYNIÉ ALEXANDRE , LE MINH DUC , NGUYEN TRUONG QUANG , ZIEGLER THOMAS
Published: August 2020

Two new Cyrtodactylus species are described from Houaphan and Luang Prabang provinces in Laos based on morphological and molecular data. Cyrtodactylus houaphanensis sp. nov. differs from all other Cyrtodactylus in the C. wayakonei species group by at least 3.3 % genetic divergence in the COI gene and can be diagnosed in morphology as follows: SVL 75.8 mm; supralabials 9 or 10; infralabials 8 or 9; ventral scales 35; dorsal tubercles in 20 rows at midbody; precloacal pores 6 in the male; femoral pores absent; subcaudals enlarged; five irregular, brown bands between limb insertions. The new species morphologically resembles C. chauquangensis and revealed to be a sister taxon to C. puhuensis according to our genetic analyses, from which it mainly differs in the absence of enlarged femoral scales. Cyrtodactylus ngoiensis sp. nov. differs from other closely related congeners by at least 11.6 % genetic divergence in the COI gene and can be diagnosed in morphology as follows: maximum SVL 95.3 mm; supralabials 6–9; infralabials 8–11; ventral scales 38–43; dorsal tubercles in 15–21 rows at midbody; enlarged femoral scales present; precloacal pores 7 in the male, 7 pitted scales in females; femoral pores 14 in the male, absent in females; five bright yellowish transverse dorsal bands; subcaudals enlarged. The new species is shown to be a member of the C. wayakonei species group, but morphologically resembles C. dumnuii from Thailand. According to our phylogenetic analyses, it is a basal taxon to a clade comprising C. spelaeus, C. chauquangensis, C. vilaphongi, C. cucphuongensis, C. puhuensis, C. houaphanensis, C. otai and C. bobrovi. Based on a new record of C. bansocensis from central Laos, which represents the first recorded female we provide a redescription of C. bansocensis including expanded diagnosis. In addition, an updated identification key for the Cyrtodactylus known from Laos is provided.
Human–Automation Trust to Technologies for Naïve Users Amidst and Following the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yamani Yusuke , Long Shelby K. , Itoh Makoto
Published: August 2020

Objective and background

Trust is a critical factor that influences the success or failure of human–automation interaction in a variety of professional domains such as transportation, military, and healthcare. The unprecedented COVID-19 crisis will likely accelerate the implementation of automation and create unique problems involving human–automation trust for naïve users of automated technologies in the future.

Method

We briefly review factors that can influence the development of human–automation trust amidst and following the COVID-19 pandemic. We focus on two theories on human-automation trust and how naïve users develop and maintain their trust in unfamiliar technologies.

Results

The current review identifies user workload and perceived risk as critical factors that will impact human–automation trust during the COVID-19 pandemic. Both theories predict that it is important for naïve users to accumulate and analyze behavioral evidence of automated technologies to maintain appropriate trust levels as the pandemic progresses.

Conclusion and application

Theories of human–automation trust inform trajectories of trust development toward unfamiliar technologies for naïve users. In application, manufacturers and distributers should focus on communicating system information effectively to retain users who may be “forced” to use unfamiliar technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cognitive Dynamics of Religiosity and Intertemporal Choice Behavior
Authors: Calluso Cinzia , Zandi Mohammad Amin , Devetag Maria Giovanna
Published: August 2020

The preference for smaller-sooner rewards over larger-delayed ones (temporal discounting, TD) has been suggested to be influenced by religiosity, through its role in enhancing self-control. Here we investigate this issue in Muslims, Catholics, and two control groups of Italian and Iranian atheists, by measuring implicit religiosity (implicit association test, IAT) and the cognitive dynamics underlying TD (using mouse tracking). Results showed that Muslims are the most farsighted, while Catholics are the most shortsighted and both atheists’ groups fall in between these two extremes; additionally, these results are also shaped by implicit religiosity (IAT). Mouse tracking analyses reveal that Muslims show higher cognitive conflict compared to the other groups, which arises only in later stages of processing. This indicates that farsighted behavior in Muslims requires the recruitment of self-control in order to regulate intertemporal decision-making. Our findings suggest that the highly demanding religious precepts enforced in (most) Islamic communities may help strengthen self-control abilities.
Mind-Muscle Connection: Verbal Instructions Alter Electromyographic Activity for Elbow Flexors and Extensors During Co-Contraction Training
Authors: Fujita Rafael A. , Villalba Marina M. , Silva Nilson R. S. , Pacheco Matheus M. , Gomes Matheus M.
Published: August 2020

Co-contraction training has demonstrated similar electromyographic (EMG) activity levels compared to conventional strength training. Since verbal instructions can increase EMG activity on target muscles during conventional exercises, the same should occur during co-contraction. In this study we analyzed whether different verbal instructions would alter the EMG activity of target muscles - biceps brachii (BB) and triceps brachii lateral head (TB) - during co-contraction training for the elbow joint. Seventeen males with experience in strength training performed a co-contraction set in two verbal instruction conditions to emphasize either elbow flexion or elbow extension. Surface electrodes were fixed over biceps brachii and triceps brachii lateral head muscles. We measured EMG mean amplitude and analyzed data with 2-way ANOVA. We found a significant interaction between muscle and verbal instruction ( p = 0.002). Post hoc tests indicated that verbal instructions ( p = 0.001) influenced the BB EMG activity (elbow flexion: M = 68.74, SD = 17.96%; elbow extension: M = 53.47, SD = 16.13%); and also showed difference ( p = 0.006) in the EMG activity between BB and TB with verbal instruction emphasizing the elbow extension (BB: M = 53.47, SD = 16.13%; TB: M = 69.18, SD = 21.79%). There was a difference in the EMG ratio of BB/TB ( p = 0.001) when focusing on elbow flexion ( M = 1.09, SD = 0.30) versus elbow extension ( M = 0.81, SD = 0.25). As verbal instruction modified the magnitude of muscle recruitment during co-contractions for elbow joint muscles, there is a clear mind-muscle connection of importance to this method of training. Also, of importance to trainers, verbal instructions seemed to affect individuals differentially.
Mapping the Argentine New Left: Social Liberation, National Liberation, and Revolutionary Violence, 1969–1977
Authors: Copello David
Published: August 2020

In recent years, investigation on 1960s/1970s revolutionary activism in Argentina has led to the publication of multiple case studies. Building on this literature, a more general view of what is often called the “new left” indicates that it is characterized by the importance assigned to three issues: social liberation, national liberation, and revolutionary violence. Two differentiating lines within this political space are an ideological divide (Marxism vs. Peronism) and an instrumental division over the strategic status of violence (insurrection vs. protracted people’s war vs. political-military action).

En los últimos años, las investigaciones sobre el activismo revolucionario de la década de 1960–1970 en Argentina han dado lugar a la publicación de múltiples estudios de caso. En base a este material, se propone una visión más general de la a menudo denominada “nueva izquierda”, y cómo esta se caracteriza a partir de la importancia asignada a tres factores: la liberación social, la liberación nacional y la violencia revolucionaria. Hay dos dimensiones dentro de este espacio político: una división ideológica (marxismo vs. peronismo) y una división instrumental en torno al papel estratégico de la violencia (insurrección vs. guerra popular prolongada vs. acción político-militar).
Combination of predictive models with an optimal adaptive fuzzy controller for active suspension systems having control force constraints on front and rear tires
Authors: Mahmoodabadi Mohammad Javad , Javanbakht Mohammad
Published: August 2020

This paper presents optimal adaptive fuzzy approaches combined by the predictive models for five degrees of freedom vehicle systems having a control force constraint of 1000 N on both front and rear suspensions in order to minimize the road disturbances. First, two separate adaptive fuzzy controllers are designed for the rear and front tires using the singleton fuzzifier, center average defuzzifier and product inference engine. The constructed fuzzy systems implement the adaptation laws based on the Lyapunov theory to guarantee the stability of the system. Afterward, a gravitational search optimization algorithm is applied to calculate the optimal values of the controller’s gains. The weighted summation of four objectives, as the relative displacement between the sprung mass and the front tire, the relative displacement between the sprung mass and the rear tire, the acceleration of the body and the acceleration of the seats, are regarded in the optimization process. Two different predictive models are employed to find the optimal design variables for the circumstances where the stability of the system is under variation. The first model is a fuzzy predictive system while the second one is based on the moving least squares interpolation. Eventually, the resultant online models are compared with the offline systems when the vehicle mass varies. These simulations obviously illustrate the efficiency and ability of the suggested strategy to remove the effect of the road disturbances on the ride comfort.
Immunotherapy to reduce frequency of urinary tract infections in people with neurogenic bladder dysfunction; a pilot randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Wade Derick T , Cooper James , Peckham Nicholas , Belci Maurizio
Published: August 2020

Objective:

To establish the feasibility of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the effect of a specific immunotherapy bacterial lysate OM-89 (Uro-Vaxom®) in reducing the frequency of urinary tract infections in people with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

Design:

A parallel-group, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Setting:

Patients at home, recruited through out-patient contact, social media and patient support groups.

Subjects:

People with a spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, transverse myelitis or cauda equina syndrome who had suffered three or more clinically diagnosed urinary tract infections treated with antibiotics over the preceding 12 months.

Interventions:

All participants took one capsule of oral OM-89 immunotherapy (6 mg) or matching Placebo (randomisation ratio 1:1), once daily in the morning for 3 months.

Main measures:

The primary outcome was occurrence of a symptomatic urinary tract infection treated with an antibiotic, assessed at 3 and 6 months. Feasibility measures included recruitment, retention and practical difficulties.

Results:

Of 115 patients screened, 49 were recruited, one withdrew before randomization, and 23 were allocated to the control group receiving matching placebo. Six participants, all in the control group, discontinued the intervention; all participants provided full data at both follow-up times. Over 6 months, 18/25 active group patients had 55 infections, and 18/23 control group patients had 47 infections. Most research and clinical procedures were practical, and acceptable to participants.

Conclusion:

It is feasible to undertake a larger trial. We recommend broader inclusion criteria to increase eligibility and generalizability.
NOD Mice—Good Model for T1D but Not Without Limitations
Authors: Aldrich Virginia R. , Hernandez-Rovira Barbara B. , Chandwani Ankit , Abdulreda Midhat H.
Published: August 2020

The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of type 1 diabetes (T1D) was discovered by coincidence in the 1980s and has since been widely used in the investigation of T1D and diabetic complications. The current in vivo study was originally designed to prospectively assess whether hyperglycemia onset is associated with physical destruction or functional impairment of beta cells under inflammatory insult during T1D progression in diabetes-prone female NOD mice. Prediabetic 16- to 20-wk-old NOD mice were transplanted with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing reporter islets in the anterior chamber of the eye (ACE) that were monitored longitudinally, in addition to glycemia, with and without immune modulation using anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody therapy. However, there was an early and vigorous immune reaction against the GFP-expressing beta cells that lead to their premature destruction independent of autoimmune T1D development in progressor mice that eventually became hyperglycemic. This immune reaction also occurred in nonprogressor NOD recipients. These findings showed a previously unknown reaction of NOD mice to GFP that prevented achieving the original goals of this study but highlighted a new feature of the NOD mice that should be considered when designing experiments using this model in T1D research.
First Steps in the Analysis of Prokaryotic Pan-Genomes
Authors: Costa Sávio Souza , Guimarães Luís Carlos , Silva Artur , Soares Siomar Castro , Baraúna Rafael Azevedo
Published: August 2020

Pan-genome is defined as the set of orthologous and unique genes of a specific group of organisms. The pan-genome is composed by the core genome, accessory genome, and species- or strain-specific genes. The pan-genome is considered open or closed based on the alpha value of the Heap law. In an open pan-genome, the number of gene families will continuously increase with the addition of new genomes to the analysis, while in a closed pan-genome, the number of gene families will not increase considerably. The first step of a pan-genome analysis is the homogenization of genome annotation. The same software should be used to annotate genomes, such as GeneMark or RAST. Subsequently, several software are used to calculate the pan-genome such as BPGA, GET_HOMOLOGUES, PGAP, among others. This review presents all these initial steps for those who want to perform a pan-genome analysis, explaining key concepts of the area. Furthermore, we present the pan-genomic analysis of 9 bacterial species. These are the species with the highest number of genomes deposited in GenBank. We also show the influence of the identity and coverage parameters on the prediction of orthologous and paralogous genes. Finally, we cite the perspectives of several research areas where pan-genome analysis can be used to answer important issues.
Fretting fatigue crack initiation and propagation in Ti6Al4V sheets under tribocorrosive conditions of artificial seawater and physiological solutions
Authors: Anjum Zeeshan , Shah Masood , Elahi Hassan , Khan Mushtaq , Mujahid Mohammad , Khushnood Shahab , Qayyum Faisal
Published: August 2020

The interaction of mechanical components experiencing relative movements and cyclic loads in a corrosive environment is known as fretting corrosion or tribocorrosion. In the current work, the mechanism of crack initiation and propagation in dovetail slots of Ti6Al4V samples (in contact with carbide rods) under fretting corrosion conditions was investigated. A newly developed test rig installed on a universal testing machine was used to conduct tests at 20 Hz frequency under 5 and 7.5 kN fretting loads. Tests were conducted at room temperature in 3.5% NaCl and phosphate-buffered saline solutions. Crack propagation in all samples was examined by a metallurgical microscope, and the detailed analysis of fractured samples was carried out by a scanning electron microscope. In comparison to dry conditions, early crack initiation and faster crack propagation were observed in salt and physiological solution environments. Colored spots and large amounts of chlorine, sodium, and oxygen were found around cracks, and plastically deformed regions in the 3.5% NaCl environment provided the evidence of a corrosive attack. Large amounts of oxygen, phosphorous, chlorine, potassium, and sodium were detected in the phosphate-buffered saline environment.
Celiacomesenteric trunk associated with superior mesenteric artery aneurysm: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Alam Walid , Kamareddine Mohammed Hussein , Geahchan Amine , Ghosn Youssef , Feghaly Michel , Chamseddine Abbas , Bou Khalil Rola , Farhat Said
Published: August 2020

In rare cases, the celiac artery and the superior mesenteric artery arise from a common origin known as a common celiacomesenteric trunk. Celiac trunk stenosis or occlusion has been reported to accompany this anatomical aberrancy. Even rarer, are aneurysms associated with this common celiacomesenteric trunk. In general, visceral artery aneurysms are uncommon. We hereby present a 39-year-old female patient with a 1-month history of mild diffuse abdominal pain, with an incidental finding of superior mesenteric artery aneurysm on abdominal ultrasound. Subsequent contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed severe narrowing of the celiac trunk and saccular aneurysmal dilatation of the superior mesenteric artery. Coil embolization of the aneurysm was performed, while maintaining persistent flow in the superior mesenteric artery and celiacomesenteric trunk. Visceral artery aneurysms are increasingly being identified incidentally with improvement in imaging techniques. The question lies whether to treat these aneurysms or observe. No universal guidelines exist regarding that matter, but the decision to intervene is made based on aneurysm location, size, and patient characteristics.
OK Cupid, Stop Bumbling around and Match Me Tinder: Using Dating Apps Across the Life Course
Authors: Marston Hannah R. , Niles-Yokum Kelly , Earle Sarah , Gomez Barbara , Lee David M.
Published: August 2020

Social connectedness, sex, and intimacy are all factors associated with positive aging, facing individuals in society across the life course. Phenomenal technological developments in the 21st century have led to the increased use of smartphones, mobile apps, and dating apps for a myriad of services, and engagements. This paper focuses on two specific cohorts’ who have the opportunity to engage with dating apps, older adults and young citizens with life-limiting or life-threatening conditions, and highlights issues related to the intersection of technology, societal constructions of age, disability, and online dating.
Understanding the seriousness of a stroke is essential for appropriate help-seeking and early arrival at a stroke centre: A cross-sectional study of stroke patients and their bystanders
Authors: Iversen Ane Bull , Blauenfeldt Rolf Ankerlund , Johnsen Søren Paaske , Sandal Birgitte F , Christensen Bo , Andersen Grethe , Christensen Morten Bondo
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Only a minority of patients with acute ischaemic stroke receive reperfusion treatment, primarily due to prehospital delay. We aimed to investigate predictors of a primary contact to the emergency medical services, arrival at stroke centre within 3 h of symptom onset and initiation of reperfusion therapy in patients with acute stroke.

Patients and methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study of consecutive patients with acute ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage or transient ischaemic attack. Structured interviews of patients and bystanders were performed and combined with clinical information from the Danish Stroke Registry. Eligible patients were aged ≥18 years and were independent in activities of daily living before the stroke.

Results

We included 435 patients. Presence of a bystander at symptom onset and knowledge of ≥2 core symptoms of stroke were associated with a primary emergency medical services contact. Higher stroke severity and patients or bystanders perceiving the situation as very serious were associated with a primary emergency medical services contact (ORpatients 2.10; 95% CI 1.12–3.95 and ORbystanders 22.60; 95% CI 4.98–102.67), <3 h from onset to arrival (ORpatients 3.01; 95% CI 1.46–6.21 and ORbystanders 4.44; 95% CI 1.37–14.39) and initiation of reperfusion therapy (ORpatients 3.08; 95% CI 1.23–7.75 and ORbystanders 4.70; 95% CI 1.14–19.5). Conclusion: Having a bystander, knowledge of ≥2 core symptoms and understanding that stroke is a serious event are associated with appropriate help-seeking behaviour, shorter prehospital delay and higher chance of reperfusion therapy in acute stroke patients.
Alexander Calder’s Half-Circle, Quarter-Circle, and Sphere (1932): a complex history of repainting unraveled
Authors: Pozzi Federica , Arslanoglu Julie , Nagy Eleonora
Published: August 2020

The Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, owns one of the largest motorized works made by the renowned American artist Alexander Calder, titled Half-Circle, Quarter-Circle, and Sphere. Created in 1932, and acquired by the Whitney in 1969, this seminal work was featured in an iconic exhibition held in 2017 and entitled Calder: Hypermobility. Prior to that, the object underwent a series of treatments in order to repair its main kinetic elements that had become compromised during its lifetime. While the work’s mechanism retained its creator’s ingenious engineering solutions, the motor, urethane belts, plug, and electrical wires turned out to be neither original, nor authentic to the period. The appearance of the piece had also been altered, as most surfaces displayed multiple layers of overpainting and, thus, did not deliver the proper gloss, hue, and texture. These observations prompted a first, comprehensive scientific study to investigate the stratigraphy of Calder’s painted surfaces on Half-Circle, Quarter-Circle, and Sphere, with the final goal to comprehend and restore its original appearance through careful removal of the overpaint. Non-invasive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis was carried out to gain initial insight into the paints’ composition. After that, extensive microscopic sampling was performed to assess the possible presence of original layers below the repainting throughout the object’s surface. Cross sections were examined with optical microscopy and analyzed with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies, as well as scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), in order to identify pigments, colorants, and extenders located in the various paint layers. Scrapings were also investigated with pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) for a detailed characterization of the binding media. Scientific analysis revealed, in selected white and red areas, up to eleven layers of overpaint composed of a wide array of modern materials, including pigments (titanium white in the form of tetragonal rutile and a variety of synthetic organic red pigments) and binders (alkyd or late formulations of enamels based on ortho-phthalic acid/phthalic anhydride, glycerol and pentaerythritol, polyvinyl acetate with various plasticizers, and acrylics). On the other hand, the identification of materials that were available in the early 1930s, such as zinc white, calcite, and gypsum, as well as traditional drying oil binders, supported the hypothesis that a layer of original paint may still be present in certain areas. In addition to shedding new light on the stratigraphy of Calder’s painted surfaces, this study informed the optimization of a treatment plan tailored for the safe removal of the overpaint to uncover the original layer, wherever present.
Architectural characterization of Ordovician fault-controlled paleokarst carbonate reservoirs, Tahe oilfield, China
Authors: Duan Taizhong , Zhang Wenbiao , Lu Xinbian , Li Meng , Zhao Huawei , Shang Xiaofei
Published: August 2020

Fault-controlled karst carbonate reservoirs are one of the most important reservoir types in the Tahe oilfield of the Tarim Basin. These reservoirs have a large oil reserve and belong to a strongly reconstructed reservoir type with a highly heterogeneous distribution of pores and fractures. This study characterizes a fault-controlled karst reservoir by using integrated methods, including outcrops, well logging, structure interpretation, seismic inversion, and statistical geomodeling. We have established a fault-/fracture-controlling karstic geologic model and classified the internal architectural elements so that we adopted an origin-controlled hierarchical geomodeling strategy based on the fault-controlling characteristics. The results determined that large strike-slip faults provide an important tectonic framework and that its derived fractures act as important channels and spaces for dissolution. Flower structure fault zones and the associated fractures are the main range of karst development, within which a high stress is concentrated during the strike-slip shear process with a high-density fracture development. This is the highly developed karst reservoir, which mainly is concentrated along large faults. The coexistence of fractures and karst dissolution has resulted in a complicated reservoir architecture (karst architecture), which can be classified into four types: (1) large caverns, (2) small caverns and vugs, (3) fractured zones, and (4) matrix (tight limestone). Controlled by the degree of dissolution, the karst architecture is quite different from the sedimentary facies. Large caverns are formed under the strongest degree of dissolution and are the most favorable reservoir type. Small caves and vugs are created under relatively strong dissolution; they are distributed outside large caves and also can act as favorable reservoirs. The fractured zones are not necessarily affected by strong dissolution but have high conductivity and act as important channels for fluid movement. The carbonate matrix is less reconstructed. The architecture development model of the fault-controlled karst carbonate reservoir presented a tree system, within which the karst reservoir caves are connected by the fractures and faults similar to fruits and trunks. The new geomodeling method revealed the constraining characteristics of faults, seismic attributes, and hierarchical architectural elements. Furthermore, we also have built a 3D model of the Tuoputai unit in the Tahe oilfield to show the robustness of this workflow. This research enables us to better understand the structure of fault-controlled karst reservoirs, and it could provide a specified characterization approach that is considered to be theoretically and practically useful.
Reproduction in dogs part 1: surgical and non-surgical de-sexing options
Authors: Adams Vicki J
Published: August 2020

This article summarises the surgical and non-surgical options for desexing dogs, using standardised terminology by defining the meaning of commonly used terms. Desexing has been historically recommended to help with population control, disease prevention and behaviour modification. Surgical methods of gonadectomy are the most common method for desexing in both owned and unowned dogs, with orchiectomy being the most common method of desexing male dogs. Surgical methods of desexing in females may refer to ovariohysterectomy, ovariectomy, salpingectomy or hysterectomy with or without an ovarian autograft (referred to as a so-called ‘ovary-sparing spay’). Non-surgical desexing methods include three broad categories: hormonal, immunological, and chemical or physical methods. The use of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist as a method of inducing reversible infertility in dogs is discussed in detail, including a review of the physiological effects of surgical gonadectomy compared to a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and potential health effects of each. There is a growing body of literature on the disease risks associated with whether a dog is intact or desexed, and by which method it has been desexed. This will be discussed in the next article.
The Pretender of Pitcairn Island: Joshua W. Hill – The Man Who Would be King Among the Bounty Mutineers, Tillman W. Nechtman (2018)
Authors: Lansdown Richard
Published: August 2020

Review of: The Pretender of Pitcairn Island: Joshua W. Hill – The Man Who Would be King Among the Bounty Mutineers, Tillman W. Nechtman (2018)

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 344 pp.,

ISBN 978 1 10844 080 6 (pbk), £21.99
The Shapeshifting Crown: Locating the State in Postcolonial New Zealand, Australia, Canada and the UK, Cris Shore and David V. Williams (eds) (2019)
Authors: Wilson John F.
Published: August 2020

Review of: The Shapeshifting Crown: Locating the State in Postcolonial New Zealand, Australia, Canada and the UK, Cris Shore and David V. Williams (eds) (2019)

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 288 pp.,

ISBN 978 1 10849 646 9 (hbk), £85
Principios y aplicaciones de la mecánica de contacto en tribología, fricción y adherencia
Authors: Popov Valentin L.
Published: August 2020

Este libro actualizado hasta 2019 sobre la mecánica del contacto es multidisciplinar y constituye una herramienta muy útil para los ingenieros, los físicos, geólogos y los investigadores en el campo de los materiales y los adhesivos. La existencia de una obra en castellano sobre esta temática constituye una novedad que abre el campo de trabajo de los hispanohablantes a una disciplina raramente tratada en las obras actuales en castellano. Este volumen constituye un excelente compendio de aspectos teóricos y aplicados, ilustrados con problemas resueltos, por lo que podría ser utilizado como un libro de texto riguroso para los estudiantes de las facultades de ingeniería, física y geología. No obstante, el libro resulta útil también para los investigadores y profesionales que se ocupan de los múltiples aspectos del rozamiento y la fricción en campos tan diversos como la ingeniería mecánica, la predicción de terremotos, la adherencia y la física de las superficies.
Las acciones mentales y el problema de las etapas de su formación: siguiendo a Galperin y Talizina
Authors: Solovieva Yulia , Quintanar Luis
Published: August 2020

En el artículo se revisa la concepción de la formación de la acción por etapas como una de las aportaciones más significativas de P.Ya. Galperin y N.F. Talizina para la psicología. De acuerdo con A.I. Podolsky, dicha concepción puede ser comprendida de dos formas: 1) de forma amplia, como una concepción psicológica general y 2) de forma estrecha, como la concepción aplicada a la teoría de la actividad dirigida de enseñanza-aprendizaje escolar. Los autores proponen la unión de ambas posibilidades de la comprensión de esta concepción como una propuesta metodológica general en el estudio del desarrollo. El artículo analiza la posibilidad de considerar a esta concepción como una metodología aún más amplia, que puede abarcar las formas del desarrollo psicológico óptimo y no óptimo, es decir, cuando surge la necesidad de promover las vías alternas del desarrollo en casos de alteraciones en el sistema nervioso central. Se plantea la necesidad de revisar las etapas de la formación de la acción, así como de los elementos estructurales de las acciones. Se establece la necesidad de considerar los tipos de acciones que se puedan realizar en diversas etapas formativas, tales como la acción práctica y la acción intelectual. Se discute la utilidad de esta concepción psicológica para la metodología de la evaluación y de la corrección neuropsicológica que conduce al desarrollo del niño.
A teoria de P. Ya. Galperin e a formação de conceitos teóricos na educação em Ciências: reflexões críticas e possibilidades
Authors: Núñez Isauro Beltrán , Ramalho Betânia Leite , Oliveira Marcus Vinicius de Faria
Published: August 2020

Este artigo sintetiza reflexões sobre o processo de formação de conceitos teóricos na educação em Ciências baseada na teoria de P. Ya. Galperin. Tomamos como contexto algumas críticas tradicionalmente feitas à teoria, reforçadas (embora não intencionalmente) em estudos atuais de pesquisas no contexto brasileiro que abordam esse processo. Partimos da natureza lógica dialética dos conceitos teóricos e do papel de sua definição para justificar a formação da base orientadora do tipo III como mecanismo psicológico da aprendizagem desses conceitos. Na discussão, pretendemos oferecer um ponto de vista que se contrapõe com posturas teóricas que consideramos interpretações parciais ou mal-entendidos das ideias de Galperin, sempre reconhecendo suas limitações, próprias de qualquer teoria científica.
ABORSI PADA MASA IDDAH WANITA HAMIL UNTUK MEMPERCEPAT PERKAWINAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Warjiyati Sri
Published: August 2020

AbstrakPerkawinan merupakan sebuah awal antara seorang laki-laki dan wanita untuk hidup bersama yang  mana perkawinan dalam sebuah negara di di atur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Perceraian merupakan salah satu bagian dalam sebuah perkawinan, karena perceraian tidak akan mungkin teradi tanpa perkawinan terlebih dahulu, perceraian merupakan akhir dari sebuah perkawinan yang mana kehidupan bersama antara suami istri telah berakhir. Dalam hal terjadinya sebuah perceraian ada sebuah masa untuk melangsungkan perkawinan yang di larang bagi si istri atau yang biasa di sebut dengan masa iddah. Iddah sendiri adalah waktu menunggu bagi seorang mantan istri yang telah di ceraikan oleh mantan suaminya, dan masa iddah wajib di jalani seorang wanita apabila ikatan perkawinannya telah terputus. Pada dasarnya bagi wanita hamil masa iddahnya adalah sampai dia melahirkan anak dalam kandungannya, dengan semakin berkembangnya kehidupan manusia  maka semakin berkembang pula permasalahan yang muncul di kehidupannya salah satunya adalah tentang pengguguran kandungan (aborsi) oleh wanita hamil untuk mempercepat masa iddahnya. Dalam penelitian ini penulis akan membahas bagaimana pandangan hukum islam terhadapa permasalahan mengenai pengguguran kandungan untuk mempercepat masa iddah.Kata Kunci: Pengguguran Kehamilan, Masa Iddah, Hukum IslamAbstract               The Marriage is a beginning between a man and woman to live together where marriage in a country is regulated in the legislation. Divorce is one part of a marriage, because divorce will not be possible without marriage first, divorce is the end of a marriage in which the common life between husband and wife has ended. In the event of a divorce there is a period of marriage which is forbidden for the wife or what is usually called the iddah period. Iddah itself is a waiting time for an ex-wife who has been divorced by her ex-husband, and a period of iddah is obliged to be lived by a woman if the marriage bond has been broken. Basically for a pregnant woman during her iddah period is until she gives birth to a child in her womb, with the growing development of human life, the more developed problems that arise in her life, one of which is about abortion by pregnant women to speed up their iddah period. In this study the author will discuss how the views of Islamic law regarding problems regarding abortion to accelerate the period of iddah. Keywords: Abortion of Pregnancy, Idle Period, Islamic Law
Wind Tunnel Investigation into the Resistance Analysis of Slender Body Catamaran
Authors: Utama I Ketut Aria Pria , Sutiyo S , Suwasono Bagiyo
Published: August 2020

The Wind tunnel investigation of a slender body catamaran was conducted in order to determine its resistance characteristics, namely the effect of pressure and flow velocity changes for varied hull separation. The catamaran was tested in a wind tunnel belongs to Department of Mechanical Engineering, ITS, with hull separations of  S/L = 0.2 to 0.4 and variation in Reynolds numbers up to 4.46 x 105. Pressure around the hull was measured using pressure tappings and the flow velocity behind the hull was also measured using a Pitôt-static tube. The experimental study shows that the pressure coefficient decreases when the hull separation declines and conversely, the flow velocity increases. The tests demonstrated a viscous interaction between the hulls, and form factors for the monohull and catamaran are derived. The demihull exhibited a form factor (1+k) of 1.265 and in the catamaran mode, the measured form factor (1+βk) was between 1.416 and 1.403. The results are in agreement with other published data.
Clinical decision making in small non-functioning VHL-related incidentalomas
Authors: Därr Roland , Kater Jonas , Sekula Peggy , Bausch Birke , Krauss Tobias , Bode Christoph , Walz Gerd , Neumann Hartmut P , Zschiedrich Stefan
Published: August 2020

The optimal treatment strategy for patients with small non-functioning VHL-related incidentalomas is unclear. We searched the Freiburg VHL registry for patients with radiologic evidence of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PHEO/PGL). In total, 176 patients with single, multiple, and recurrent tumours were identified (1.84 tumours/patient, range 1–8). Mean age at diagnosis was 32 ± 16 years. Seventy-four percent of tumours were localised to the adrenals. Mean tumour diameter was 2.42 ± 2.27 cm, 46% were <1.5 cm. 24% of tumours were biochemically inactive. Inactive tumours were significantly smaller than active PHEO/PGL at diagnosis (4.16 ± 2.80 cm vs 1.43 ± 0.45 cm; P < 0.025) and before surgery (4.89 ± 3.47 cm vs 1.36 ± 0.43 cm; P < 0.02). Disease was stable in 67% of 21 patients with evaluable tumours ≤1.5 cm according to RECIST and progressed in 7. Time till surgery in these patients was 29.5 ± 20.0 months. A total of 155 patients underwent surgery. PHEO/PGL was histologically excluded in 4 and proven in 151. Of these, one had additional metastatic disease, one harboured another tumour of a different type, and in 2 a second surgery for suspected disease recurrence did not confirm PHEO/PGL. Logistic regression analysis revealed 50% probability for a positive/negative biochemical test result at 1.8 cm tumour diameter. Values of a novel symptom score were positively correlated with tumour size (Rs = 0.46, P < 0.0001) and together with a positive biochemistry a linear size predictor (P < 0.01). Results support standardised clinical assessment and measurement of tumour size and metanephrines in VHL patients with non-functioning incidentalomas <1.5 cm at one year following diagnosis and at individualised intervals thereafter depending on evolving growth dynamics, secretory activity and symptomatology.
Cardiac Transthyretin-derived Amyloidosis: An Emerging Target in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction?
Authors: Klaassen Sebastiaan HC , van Veldhuisen Dirk J , Nienhuis Hans LA , van den Berg Maarten P , Hazenberg Bouke PC , van der Meer Peter
Published: August 2020

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) comprises half of the heart failure population. A specific, but underdiagnosed, cause for HFpEF is transthyretin-derived (ATTR) amyloidosis. This article reviews the clinical characteristics of cardiac ATTR amyloidosis. The clinical suspicion of cardiac ATTR amyloidosis is strong if pronounced left ventricular hypertrophy is present in the absence of hypertension. Scintigraphy with a diphosphonate tracer is a diagnostic tool for the early detection of cardiac ATTR amyloidosis with high sensitivity and specificity. First treatment options for ATTR amyloidosis recently emerged, and showed a reduction in morbidity and mortality, especially if treatment was started in the early stages of disease. In light of these results, screening for ATTR amyloidosis in the general HFpEF population with left ventricular hypertrophy might be useful.
Dentistry: its Role in the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Through Bioaerosols
Authors: Rodríguez Aguilar Reinaldo
Published: August 2020

Dental practice faces the paradigm shift and the modification of protocols in biosafety, an aspect that has become a variable to be practiced by each professional as part of their conduct at all times in order to survive as a profession in the face of the global pandemic that it represents the risk of transmission of the new coronavirus called COVID-19. One of the most important problems in dental biosecurity is represented by the generation of bioaerosols, since these are vectors that transport microorganisms to inside people’s bodies, which generates a potential occupational risk already known in the dental sciences but that it is enhanced with the transmissibility and pathogenicity of the new coronavirus. Until now, there are many questions about transmission through aerosols of SARS-CoV-2 , so the general objective of this review is to understand the scientific elements that govern the aerodynamics of bioaerosols applied to the dental environment and how these can become a potential virus disseminator when intraoral dental procedures are performed in infected patients. Understanding the aerodynamics of bioaerosols helps us understand how SARS-CoV-2 present in bioaerosol generated by dental procedures in infected patients can vary in terms of viability and infectivity by influencing other factors such as relative humidity, room temperature, air currents, bioaerosol physicochemical factors and the host´s immune system.