bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF FLAME PHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF MAGNESIUM IN PLANT MATERIAL
Authors: MacLean A. A.
Published: March 2010

Flame methods for the determination of magnesium in plant material were compared with EDTA titration and a thiazole yellow procedure. Mean values for quadruplicate determinations on 24 samples were 0.544, 0.543, 0.532, and 0.514% for EDTA, flame photometry with an oxyhydrogen flame, thiazole yellow, and flame photometry with an oxyacetylene flame respectively.The degree of precision, as indicated by the standard error of the mean, was highest for the oxyhydrogen flame method and lowest when the oxyacetylene flame was used.Silica repressed magnesium emission with either flame source but degree of interference was greater with the oxyhydrogen flame.
EFFECT OF N, P, Ca, AND Mg TREATMENTS ON YIELD OF BARLEY VARIETIES GROWN ON ACID SOILS
Authors: Chiasson T. C.
Published: March 2010

Twelve barley varieties were grown on soils of pH 5.0 and 5.4. The varieties which performed best at the higher pH developed severe yellowing symptoms, had stunted growth, were late tillering, and produced very low yields when grown on the soil of lower pH.Applications of 40 lb of N and 44 lb of P per acre in direct contact with the seed eliminated all symptoms and generally doubled yields on soils of pH 5.0.Lime and (or) magnesium in direct contact with the seed had no influence on symptoms or yield.
INHERITANCE OF FREE BETA-AMYLASE IN BARLEY
Authors: Bendelow V. M.
Published: March 2010

The proportion of beta-amylase activity that is free, or water-soluble, is useful in screening barley hybrid lines for potential malting quality. It was found to be at one of two distinct levels in 56 barley varieties. The levels, designated high and low, are independent of year and location. Tests were made on F2 and backcross populations derived from varieties differing in level of free beta-amylase. The results indicated that the level is dependent on the action of a single gene-pair with incomplete dominance. The level of free enzyme activity is apparently inherited independently of total beta-amylase activity.
USE OF SIMAZINE FOR CONTROL OF WEEDS IN STRAWBERRIES IN COASTAL BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Freeman Jack A.
Published: March 2010

A complete simazine schedule (4 applications) at 2 lb per acre per application over a 3-year period provided excellent weed control without adversely affecting the crop yield. One pound resulted in only slightly poorer weed control than the 2-lb rate; therefore, a [Formula: see text] per acre per application rate is suggested as being adequate. Some foliage injury and delay in runner production was evident from the simazine and solan treatments, the extent of which depended on the variety. An oat bioassay of the soil following the plowing under of the strawberry plants showed no residual effects. Late winter; (February) applications of IPC + DNBP caused yield reductions in the varieties British Sovereign, Siletz Puget Beauty, and Northwest No. 9, while January applications reduced yield only in British Sovereign. Neither solan nor sesone gave satisfactory weed control. Both herbicides caused some yield depression in the first fruiting year of British Sovereign and Puget Beauty, while the other varieties were not affected. Fruit quality was not affected by any treatment.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON POSTHARVEST PHYSIOLOGY AND STORAGE LIFE OF PEARS
Authors: Porritt S. W.
Published: March 2010

Response of Anjou and Bartlett pears to nine storage temperatures ranging from 29° to 70°F was determined by periodic evaluation of ripened fruit, analysis of certain chemical and physical properties, and measurement of respiration throughout the storage period.After harvest, low metabolic activity persisted about 4 days in Bartlett and over 50 days in Anjou at 50° to 70°F. Anjou pears ripened only after a period of cold storage. The total amount of carbon dioxide respired during storage life diminished with rising temperature. Storage life of Anjou and Bartlett pears was respectively 35 and 40% greater at 30° than at 32°F.
CULTURE OF PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS ON ARTIFICIAL MEDIA PREPARED FROM RYE SEEDS
Authors: Hodgson W. A. , Grainger P. N.
Published: March 2010

not available
A CEREAL ROD-ROW PLOT HARVESTER
Authors: Thompson J. L. , McIver R. N.
Published: March 2010

not available
PREDISPOSITION OF TOBACCO TO OZONE DAMAGE
Authors: Macdowall F. D. H.
Published: March 2010

Effects of ontogeny, genome, nitrogen, and water supplies and ozone itself in predisposing tobacco plants to ozone damage (including weather fleck) are described from experiments in both field and greenhouse. The fully expanded leaf became susceptible to low doses of ozone at the time its protein content started to fall. Topping slowed the development of susceptibility of leaves, with the result that the susceptibility of the plants was decreased. Effects of genome were at least partly of an ontogenetic nature. Susceptibility was enhanced by both deficiency and excess of nitrogen. Moisture prior to fumigation increased susceptibility. Long term effects of moisture supply were akin to its influence on drought-hardiness. Susceptibility was increased by shortened photoperiod, low day temperature, and high night temperature, indicating a protective influence of photosynthat. A large or a small dose of ozone appeared to predispose against or toward, respectively; susceptibility to the next dose. Wherever tested, stomatal opening was positively associated with damage. Since stomatal opening regulates the flux of ozone into the leaf, it controls the amount of damage to tissue of a given degree of susceptibility.
UPTAKE OF Sr85 BY CEREAL CROPS AND VARIETIES
Authors: Lee C. C. , Sosulski F. W.
Published: March 2010

Twenty-nine varieties of wheat, oats, barley, and rye were grown to maturity in the greenhouse on Oxbow loam treated with Sr85. Based on the average uptake of Sr85 per gram of whole plant material, the ranking of the cereal crops in order of decreasing Sr85 uptake was rye, barley, oats, and wheat. Significant differences in Sr85 uptake between varieties within crops of wheat, oats, and barley were demonstrated. The range of values for varieties within crops overlapped those of other crops, the variability being greater in wheat and barley than in oats. These results suggest that the validity of assessing differences between crops on the basis of single varieties to represent each crop may be questionable. Leaves accumulated the highest percentages of Sr85 and gave good prediction of the percentage uptake by the whole plant. The Sr85 accumulated in dehulled seeds was very small and appeared to be unrelated to whole plant values.
ACTION DU PHOSPHATE ET DE LA POTASSE SUR LES RENDEMENTS ET LA COMPOSITION BOTANIQUE ET CHIMIQUE D’UNE ASSOCIATION LUZERNE–MIL
Authors: Dionne J. L.
Published: March 2010

not available
INSECTICIDE RESIDUES IN POTATOES AND SOIL AFTER CONSECUTIVE SOIL TREATMENTS OF ALDRIN AND HEPTACHLOR
Authors: Stewart D. K. R. , Chisholm D. , Fox C. J. S.
Published: March 2010

Aldrin or heptachlor at 5 and 10 lb per acre were each incorporated into a sandy loam soil in 1958, 1959, and 1960. In 1963 the soils and potatoes grown therein were analyzed for insecticide residues by electron capture gas chromatography.Soils which had received applications of heptachlor contained appreciable amounts of gamma-chlordane in addition to heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide. Gamma-chlordane, a constituent of commercial formulations of heptachlor, was more persistent in soil than heptachlor, and the heptachlor/gamma-chlordane ratio decreased with time. Soils to which a total of 30 lb/acre of commercial heptachlor had been added were found to contain up to 2.1 p.p.m. gamma-chlordane, 2.0 p.p.m. heptachlor, and 0.8 p.p.m. heptachlor epoxide. Soils treated with the same amount of aldrin contained up to 0.8 p.p.m. aldrin and 2.3 p.p.m. dieldrin.Potatoes grown in these soils contained up to 0.017 p.p.m. heptachlor, 0.06 p.p.m. heptachlor epoxide, 0.016 p.p.m. gamma-chlordane, 0.002 p.p.m. aldrin, and 0.03 p.p.m. dieldrin of the total fresh weight. Heptachlor, aldrin, and gamma-chlordane were not present in the pulp in appreciable amounts. Approximately 50% of the total residue was contained in or on the skin of the tuber.
IDENTIFICATION OF HIGH-PIGMENT, hp, TOMATOES IN THE SEEDLING STAGE
Authors: Kerr E. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
A COMPARISON OF THE REACTIONS TO STEM RUST OF WHEAT LINES BACKCROSSED FIVE AND NINE TIMES TO MARQUIS THAT CARRY THE SAME RESISTANCE GENES
Authors: Knott D. R. , Green G. J.
Published: March 2010

not available
THE EFFECT OF ACID SCARIFICATION AND LOW TEMPERATURE ON THE GERMINATION OF CORNUS NUTTALLII
Authors: Trelawny J. G. S. , Ballantyne D. J.
Published: March 2010

not available
CORRELATION BETWEEN EVAPORATION FROM BELLANI PLATES AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION FROM ORCHARDS
Authors: Korven H. C. , Wilcox J. C.
Published: March 2010

The balance sheet method, keeping an account of evapotranspiration (estimated from evaporation as measured by Bellani plates) and rainfall, was used for scheduling irrigations on a practical field basis on five orchards in Summerland, B.C. Four of the orchards were on the Research Station and the other on a nearby grower’s orchard. Undertree sprinkler irrigation with 12-hour sets, the common method in the Okanagan Valley, was used. Soil moisture deficits were measured by the gravimetric method and estimated from the balance sheet records. Highly significant positive correlations were obtained between the measured and the estimated deficits. The standard error of regression was high, about 20% of the mean. In spite of this, the balance sheet method proved to be quite satisfactory for use in practical scheduling of irrigation in orchards.
AN EVALUATION OF THE RESIDUAL EFFECT OF APPLIED PHOSPHORUS ON CULTIVATED PASTURES AS MEASURED BY BARLEY FOLLOWING SOD-BREAKING
Authors: Dawley W. K.
Published: March 2010

The NaHCO3-soluble phosphorus content of a Melfort silty clay soil that had received an annual application of 20 lb N with 40 lb P2O5 per acre for 7 years while in pasture, was increased by 250 per cent as compared with the soluble phosphorus content of soil from unfertilized pastures at the 0- to 3-in. depth. Following 1 year of sod fallow, barley grown on fields that had received P2O5 during the pasture period matured 10 days earlier and yielded 18.4 bu per acre more than unfertilized check pastures.
THE RESPONSE OF NATIVE STANDS OF LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY IN NEWFOUNDLAND TO NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZERS
Authors: Rayment A. F.
Published: March 2010

Native Newfoundland stands of lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) were fertilized with ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, and muriate of potash in various combinations. Nitrogen caused earlier fruit maturity, increased berry size, and generally reduced fruit numbers, especially when in combination with added phosphorus. When nitrogen was used alone at 50 lb per acre, it gave an average yield increase of over 50% in the first pickings.When phosphorus and potassium were used together in the absence of nitrogen, there was an increase in fruit numbers resulting in higher yield. Combination of phosphorus with nitrogen was accompanied by increased vegetative growth of the blueberry and associated plants and decreased yields.
EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT ON FORAGE YIELD AND SUBSEQUENT GRAIN PRODUCTION OF WINTER RYE
Authors: Warren F. S. , Langille J. E.
Published: March 2010

Forage yields of Dominant winter rye clipped in the spring in a series of 12 treatments ranged from about [Formula: see text] ton to over 2 tons of D.M./acre. Clipping reduced grain yields by at least 10% and several clipping treatments prevented any grain production. The lowest forage yield and the least reduction in grain yield resulted from a single early clipping. Forage yield increased by [Formula: see text] ton D.M./acre for each week’s delay in clipping with correspondingly greater reduction in grain yield. Crude protein content of the forage decreased from 25 to 13% in a 3-week period. Increased forage yields were obtained when the interval between repeated clipping was increased from 1 to 2, 3, or 4 weeks. Protein levels were maintained at over 25% for 3 months with weekly clipping. Height, maturity, and ergot incidence were adversely affected by all clipping treatments.
PASTURE PRODUCTIVITY OF TWO GRASS–ALFALFA MIXTURES IN NORTHEASTERN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Cooke D. A. , Beacom S. E. , Dawley W. K.
Published: March 2010

Two grass–alfalfa mixtures were compared for seven consecutive years when continuously and when rotationally grazed by yearling Hereford steers. The productivity of rotationally grazed pastures as affected by annual application of fertilizers was also determined. Intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) compared favorably with the standard mixture of bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) and alfalfa for pasture purposes. Production of dry matter ranged from approximately 2.5 to 0.5 tons per acre in the first and seventh year respectively. Precipitation in these two years was 20.7 and 7.7 in. respectively. Rotational grazing did not increase beef production. Fertilization of bromegrass–alfalfa with 20 lb of N per acre and with 20 lb of N + 40 lb of P2O5 per acre resulted in average yearly increase of 18 and 32 lb of beef per acre respectively. Fertilization of intermediate wheatgrass– alfalfa resulted in comparable increase of 1 and 26 lb of beef per acre respectively.
FECUNDITY OF THE ROOT WEEVILS BRACHYRHINUS SULCATUS AND SCIOPITHES OBSCURUS ON STRAWBERRY IN THE LABORATORY AND OUTDOORS
Authors: Cram W. T.
Published: March 2010

The effects of laboratory and outdoor conditions on fecundity were compared between the introduced black vine weevil, Brachyrhinus sulcatus (F.), and the native obscure strawberry root weevil, Sciopithes obscurus Horn. Both species are economic pests of strawberry in the coastal area of British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon.Though B. sulcatus is much more fecund than S. obscurus both in the laboratory at a constant 20 °C and outdoors, it is not so well adapted to British Columbia conditions as S. obscurus which has a lower temperature threshold for oviposition and, therefore, a longer oviposition period.When the night temperature in cabinets at diurnal temperature programs is minimal at 8 °C, the fecundity of these nocturnal species is maximal at day temperatures of 20° for S. obscurus and 25 °C for B. sulcatus. Under these diurnal conditions B. sulcatus is the more fecund of the two and survives better in continuously high rather than variable relative humidity. S. obscurus is comparatively indifferent to humidity fluctuations.
SELECTION FOR HIGHER SEED YIELD IN ALFALFA
Authors: Heinrichs D. H.
Published: March 2010

A breeding program was undertaken in 1957 at Swift Current, Sask., to improve the seed-yielding ability of the variety Rambler. Plants heavily set with seed were selected and evaluated by polycross progeny tests. More than two-thirds of the polycross progeny lines yielded more seed than the parent Rambler variety at each of two locations. There was no significant association of line performance between the two locations. At one location the polycross progeny lines tended to yield in the same order in three successive years, the r values between them being +.571, +.606, and +.493. There was no association between the seed yield of parental clonal lines and their polycross progenies measured in different years. In spite of great inconsistencies in seed yields between locations, it was possible to form a tentative synthetic from eight clones, which, by prediction, should yield about 30% more seed than Rambler at one location and 13% more at the other, with forage yield and winterhardiness remaining the same as that of the parent variety. It is suggested that a precise record be kept of the species of bees doing the pollinating at various locations in order to evaluate the reasons for differential seed production of lines at each location.
AMINO ACID RECOVERIES IN THE ANALYSES OF SOME FEED SAMPLES
Authors: Finlayson A. J.
Published: March 2010

Amino acid analyses were made on a sample of rapeseed following oil extraction and on a sample of ground wheat. The analyses show there are hydrolytic losses of threonine, serine, cystine, and methionine which increase with the length of time of hydrolysis of the feed. Recoveries of certain amino acids from feeds depend on the conditions of hydrolysis and hence, for purposes of comparisons of amino acid analyses, hydrolysis conditions should be standardized.
A COMPARISON OF THREE TYPES OF RAIN GAUGES
Authors: Pelton W. L.
Published: March 2010

not available
PRODUCTION OF NEMATODE-FREE STRAWBERRY PLANTS
Authors: Townshend J. L.
Published: March 2010

not available
THE INFLUENCE OF SOLAR RADIATION ON SOIL TEMPERATURES
Authors: Mack A. R.
Published: March 2010

not available
THE PATHOGENICITY OF NEW RACES OF WHEAT STEM RUST TO ADULT PLANTS OF RESISTANT VARIETIES
Authors: Green G. J. , Campbell J. H.
Published: March 2010

not available
SUNFLOWER VARIETY PEREDOVIK
Authors: Putt Eric D.
Published: March 2010

not available
SUNFLOWER VARIETY COMMANDER
Authors: Putt Eric D.
Published: March 2010

not available
DIELDRIN UPTAKE FROM SOIL BY WHEAT PLANTS
Authors: Morley H. V. , Chiba M.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECT OF SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT AND STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT ON COLD-HARDINESS OF THE ALFALFA PLANT
Authors: Calder F. W. , MacLeod L. B. , Jackson L. P.
Published: March 2010

Alfalfa plants were grown in the greenhouse to three developmental stages, (1) vegetative (48 days old), (2) early bud (62 days old), and (3) 50% bloom (78 days old), hardened and subjected to freezing temperatures in an environmental control chamber. Prior to hardening, the Tormentine sandy loam soil in which the plants were growing was brought to three moisture levels, (1) 25% of field capacity, (2) field capacity, (3) and saturation.Electrical conductivity of plant exudate from top growth of plants decreased during hardening and with freezing. Conductivity of root exudate increased during hardening but decreased during freezing.Plants were rated for freezing damage, immediately after freezing and 10 days later. Recovery was significantly higher for plants grown on soils at held capacity than at saturation. Differences in regrowth between 25% of field capacity and field capacity were not significant. Total available carbohydrate content and etiolated regrowth were also higher for plants grown in soil at field capacity.Saturated soil had an extremely adverse effect on development of cold-hardiness of alfalfa plants as compared with effect of field capacity and 25% of held capacity.Plants that were mature before hardening and freezing were more hardy under field capacity conditions than less mature stages of plants, as shown by weight of aerial and root portions of plants, carbohydrates, conductivity, growth without light, and rating of recovery after freezing.
FECUNDITY OF THE ROOT WEEVILS BRACHYRHINUS SULCATUS AND SCIOPITHES OBSCURUS ON STRAWBERRY AT DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF HOST PLANT NUTRITION
Authors: Cram W. T.
Published: March 2010

Field applications to strawberry of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium had no significant effect on the fecundity of the obscure root weevil, Sciopithes obscurus Horn, fed on detached leaflets in the laboratory, but when nitrogen was not applied there was a significant reduction in the fecundity of the black vine weevil, Brachyrhinus sulcatus (F.). With strawberry in sand culture, low levels of nitrogen had no apparent effect on the fecundity of S. obscurus but were associated with a significant reduction in the fecundity of B. sulcatus. Some association is suggested between the different effects of nitrogen nutrition on these species and their different susceptibilities to cyclodiene insecticides.
A STRAIN OF TETRANYCHUS URTICAE FROM THE GROUND COVER OF AN APPLE ORCHARD RESISTANT TO CHLORFENSON
Authors: Foott W. H.
Published: March 2010

A strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina:Tetranychidae) developed a low level of resistance to chlorfenson when the material drifted to the ground cover while apple trees were sprayed for control of Panonychus ulmi (Koch). After being reared in the greenhouse for 4 years without further exposure to chlorfenson T. urticae lost its resistance. When Kelthane was substituted for chlorfenson as a control for P. ulmi the spray drift that reached the ground cover virtually eliminated T. urticae from the orchard.
CONTROL OF DASYSTOMA SALICELLUM, A NEW PEST OF BLUEBERRIES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Raine J.
Published: March 2010

A leafroller, Dasystoma salicellum Hbn. (Lepidoptera:Oecophoridae), recorded on this continent only from Lulu Island, B.C., in 1955, became a pest m 1962 when the larvae were found infesting the early berries, and mechanical pickers dislodged large numbers into the crates. This univoltine, phytophagous, photopositive insect overwinters as the pupa in the litter under the bushes. Flightless females emerge in mid-March, mate, and lay eggs under the blossom scales and loose bark of the canes. The eggs hatch in 2 weeks beginning in mid-May and the larvae destroy flower buds, invade or scar the berries, and sometimes defoliate the bushes.Preblossom sprays were not effective because plots were reinfested by first-instar larvae blown in from wild hosts nearby. Single postblossom sprays of phosphamidon, TDE, mevinphos, malathion, carbaryl, and Perthane and three sprays of Thuricide (Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner) were all effective. Malathion is recommended. Several non-chemical methods of control are discussed.
RESIDUES IN SWEET CORN FROM DDT AND CARBARYL APPLIED FOR CONTROL OF THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER
Authors: Wressell H. B. , Miles J. R. W.
Published: March 2010

Control of the European corn borer by sprays of DDT and carbaryl, alone and in combined schedules, was assessed. One application of DDT at 1.12 kg toxicant per hectare (1.0 lb/acre) applied before tassellmg plus two weekly applications of carbaryl at 1.68 kg toxicant per hectare (1.5 lb/acre) applied during ear formation gave excellent control. Residue studies suggest that following this treatment the husks could be safely fed to milch cattle and the entire plant to beef cattle. Pesticide residues are becoming increasingly important, and this combination of two insecticides for corn borer control might well be considered when corn is fed. DDT used alone at the low rate of 1.12 kg toxicant per hectare (1.0 lb/acre) cannot be recommended because it results in undesirable residues and ineffective control. The Ontario recommendation for DD1 is 1.68 kg toxicant per hectare (1.5 lb/acre) provided the treated corn is not fed to livestock.
SYSTEMIC INVASION OF THE ROOT SYSTEM OF RASPBERRY PLANTS BY THE COMPONENT VIRUSES OF RED RASPBERRY MOSAIC
Authors: Freeman Jack A. , Stace-Smith R.
Published: March 2010

not available
PROTEM STRAWBERRY
Authors: Harris R. E.
Published: March 2010

not available
AN AUTOMATIC DEVICE FOR SEGREGATING LIGHT-TRAP INSECT CATCHES AT PREDETERMINED TIME INTERVALS
Authors: Lafrance J.
Published: March 2010

not available
A COMPARISON BETWEEN MECHANICAL AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF PERICARP TENDERNESS IN SWEET CORN
Authors: Voisey Peter W. , Nuttall V. W.
Published: March 2010

not available
RESISTANCE IN WHEAT TO COCHLIOBOLUS SATIVUS, A CAUSE OF COMMON ROOT ROT
Authors: Sallans B. J. , Tinline R. D.
Published: March 2010

Resistance in wheat to Cochliobolus sativus, the main cause of common root rot in cereals, was shown to be a heritable character. Crosses were made between Thatcher, McMurachy, Willet, 492 (P.I. 94562-1), and 182 (PI. 4309), all of which have shown some resistance to C. sativus but can become heavily infected. The crosses gave rise to both highly resistant and highly susceptible lines that were consistent in their root-rot reaction at four or five locations over 2 years. A simple, practical method was evolved to determine the root-rot reactions of lines and it was basic to their selection. It relies upon natural field infections and is oriented to obtain a high level of disease of the plants. The pedigree method of plant breeding was used to overcome the problem posed by the tendency for many plants to escape infection. Isolations of organisms from lesions gave assurance that the observed resistance was for C. sativus and not for Fusarium spp., which may also cause common root rot. A simplified disease rating was used to record data on the basis of two classes, essentially, resistant and susceptible.
EFFECTS OF CERTAIN INTERSTOCK–ROOTSTOCK COMBINATIONS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF McINTOSH AND CORTLAND APPLES
Authors: Taper C. D. , Murray H. R.
Published: March 2010

The effects of rootstock and interstock on the performance of scion apple varieties McIntosh and Cortland were studied over a 17-year period. The clonal interstocks Hibernal and M. robusta 5, the seedling rootstocks Anis, Antonovka, and McIntosh, and the clonal rootstock M. robusta 5 were used in all possible combinations.The yields of both scion varieties were significantly greater on Hibernal interstock than on M. robusta 5 interstock. Scion rootstock interaction was also significant, since McIntosh yielded better than Cortland on Anis rootstock, whereas Cortland gave the higher yield on M. robusta 5 rootstock. The yield of McIntosh–Hibernal–Anis was significantly greater than that of any other combination but Cortland–Hibernal–M. robusta 5. Seedling McIntosh was the least satisfactory rootstock.Yield was not correlated with circumference of interstock. Variability in the latter was not reduced by the use of clonal rather than seedling rootstocks. No combination resulted in trees smaller than standard size.
ROOT ROT OF RED CLOVER IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND AND FACTORS INFLUENCING THE INCIDENCE OF ASSOCIATED FUNGI
Authors: Willis C. B.
Published: March 2010

Red clover stands in Prince Edward Island were examined in 1963 and 1964 to determine the extent of root rot and the incidence of fungi associated with diseased plants 3 to 17 months after seeding. Plants of all ages were infected, but rot became more severe with increasing age of the stands. Although the disease was less severe in the spring of 1964 than in 1963, its severity increased rapidly as the 1964 season progressed. Neither the extent of root rot nor the fungi isolated were influenced by the soil series on which the plants had grown. Cylindrocarpon spp., Phoma spp., and Rhizoctonia spp. were frequently, but Fusarium spp. most commonly, isolated. The frequency of the species isolated varied with the age of plants, soil series, and the area of the root from which isolation was attempted.
INFLUENCE OF HARVESTING MANAGEMENT ON YIELD, CARBOHYDRATE RESERVES, ETIOLATED REGROWTH, AND POTASSIUM UTILIZATION OF ALFALFA
Authors: Langille J. E. , MacLeod L. B. , Warren F. S.
Published: March 2010

Rhizoma, Narragansett, and DuPuits alfalfa were seeded alone and in mixture with Saratoga bromegrass and harvested for forage according to five managements: (1) 2 cut, 50% bloom, (2) 2 cut, 75–100% bloom, (3) 3 cut, 10% bloom (4) 4 cut pre-bud, and (5) pre-cut in May to delay maturity followed by 2 cut, 50% bloom. Managements 1 and 3 produced the most forage in the first harvest year and 1 and 2 the most in the second harvest year. Alfalfa root weights were highest for the 2 cut managements. Etiolated regrowth from alfalfa roots was highest for the 2 cut managements in the first year but did not vary significantly in the second harvest year. Total available carbohydrate content of the alfalfa roots followed a similar trend. In the first year K removal was higher with more frequent cutting of forage but in the second year was highest with the 2 cut management of forage. Frequent harvesting reduced forage production and percent total available carbohydrates in the roots.
TOMATO VARIETIES FOR MID-CENTRAL SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Dabbs D. H. , Nelson S. H.
Published: March 2010

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NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS OF LOOSE SMUT DEVELOPMENT IN BARLEY
Authors: Lukosevicius P. P. , Klinck H. R. , Steppler H. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
OVIPOSITION OF HYLEMYA BRASSICAE AND H. CILICRURA AROUND SEVERAL BRASSICA CROPS
Authors: Pond D. D. , Moore C. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
GOLDEN GLO, A NEW HYBRID CARROT
Authors: Dickson M. H. , Rieger B. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
CONQUEST, A NEW MALTING BARLEY
Authors: Johnston W. H. , Metcalfe D. R.
Published: March 2010

not available
THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF (2-CHLOROETHYL) TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE ON BARLEY
Authors: Larter E. N. , Samii M. , Sosulski F. W.
Published: March 2010

A study was made of the effects of (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) applied to the varieties Parkland and Hannchen barley grown under controlled environmental conditions and predetermined soil moisture regimes. When applied to seedlings as either a soil drench or as a foliar spray, CCC retarded internode elongation thereby significantly reducing the height of plants as measured at maturity. A varietal difference in the response to a given treatment was evident with Parkland being more sensitive than Hannchen. Moreover, measured in terms of growth responses, application of CCC as a soil drench was more effective than as a foliar spray.Treatments in the range of 10−1–10−4 M significantly increased tiller number and seed yield on plants grown under a high moisture regime (daily watering). Under restricted soil moistures, however, neither grain yield nor plant weights (tops) were affected by CCC treatment. Treated plants grown under soil moisture stress used less water per unit weight of dry matter than did untreated plants.
ELIMINATION AND SEPARATION OF VIRUSES IN APPLE CLONES BY EXPOSURE TO DRY HEAT
Authors: Welsh Maurice F. , Nyland George
Published: March 2010

Virus infections have been eliminated from apple clones by propagation of lateral buds from potted apple trees after their exposure to dry heat at 38 °C for varying periods. For several clones the minimum heat exposure period imposed (7 days, following preheating 7 days at 35 °C) inactivated viruses that cause stem pitting of Virginia crab; foliage and shoot symptoms on Hopa crab; rubbery wood on Lord Lambourne apple; foliage and dieback symptoms on Spartan apple (McIntosh pucker virus); and leaf pattern, epinasty, and bark necrosis of Spy 227.The apple clones displayed wide differences in heat tolerance. Minimum heat exposure periods for virus inactivation varied among clones treated. For two clones, the buds sampled after maximum heat exposure periods, approaching survival threshold of the plants, gave higher levels of positive indexing on Spy 227, Hopa crab, and Virginia crab than those sampled after short or intermediate periods. Virginia crab stem pitting and Virginia crab decline were shown to have distinct etiology: the virus causing stem pitting proved very sensitive to heat, whereas that causing decline was heat-tolerant. Indexing before and after heat exposure provided evidence that distinct viruses or strains induce the reactions of Hopa crab and Spy 227, Hopa crab and Virginia crab, and probably also Virginia crab and Spy 227.Indexing of internodal bark chips at the time buds were removed from the heat chamber for propagation yielded readings quickly and provided a generally accurate forecast of the indexing results for trees derived from the treated buds.
SELF- AND CROSS-INCOMPATIBILITY IN EARLY ROUND-HEADED CABBAGE
Authors: Adamson R. M.
Published: March 2010

Evidence to support the existence of a system in which control of self- and cross-incompatibility is sporophytically determined was found in both the Golden Acre and Copenhagen Market varieties of cabbage. The former was found to be predominantly self-compatible.
HETEROSIS IN SEVEN WHEAT HYBRIDS
Authors: Knott D. R.
Published: March 2010

Seven F1 wheat hybrids were tested at two different spacings of the plants within the rows. Although some crosses exhibited heterosis none yielded significantly more than Thatcher. The yields of the F1 hybrids showed a significant positive correlation with the mean yields of their parents.
THE IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF PLANT PARTS OF ORCHARDGRASS CLONES WITH ADVANCING STAGES OF MATURITY
Authors: Mowat D. N. , Christie B. R. , Winch J. E.
Published: March 2010

The in vitro dry matter digestibility (I.V.D.) of the stem and total leaf fractions of four orchardgrass clones was similar at the preheading stage. Even at 100% head emergence, differences in I.V.D. between stems and living leaves were not great with the early-maturing clones. However, wide differences existed between the values for stems and living leaves in mature plants. Heads were only slightly higher than stems in digestibility.Leaf digestibility was lower for those leaves dead or even partially dead. Nevertheless, in mature plants, dead leaves were higher in I.V.D. than heads or stems. Large differences occurred among clones in stem digestibility. However, the variability among clones in leaf digestibility was small.
ARMOUR CUCUMBER
Authors: Nuttall V. W.
Published: March 2010

not available
REDWOOD-65, AN IMPROVED FLAX VARIETY
Authors: Larter E. N. , Wenhardt A. , Gore R.
Published: March 2010

not available
DORVAL OATS
Authors: Klinck H. R. , Gauthier F. M.
Published: March 2010

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EFFECTS OF NECROTIC RING SPOT AND SOUR CHERRY YELLOWS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF YOUNG SOUR CHERRY TREES
Authors: Davidson T. R. , George J. A.
Published: March 2010

In a randomized block experiment sour cherry trees were infected at 1, 2, 4, or 6 years of age with either the necrotic ring spot virus (NRSV) or the sour cherry yellows virus (SCYV) or with both. Tree growth was retarded by both viruses but the effects of SCYV were most severe. A marked retardation of the growth rate following SCYV infection persisted for two to five years depending on the age of the tree when infected. The growth rate of trees infected with both viruses was very similar to that for trees with SCYV only and indicates the predominance of this virus in these combinations. NRSV alone caused a slight reduction in growth rate but there was never an abrupt effect.Because the effects of SCYV on growth and tree form were severe, yields were very low. NRSV caused only a 10 to 30% reduction in growth but the reduction in yield varied from 36 to 56%. Hence the effects of NRS may be of more economic importance than the relatively minor reductions in growth have indicated.
SWATHING WHEAT AND SURVIVAL OF WHEAT STEM SAWFLY
Authors: Holmes N. D. , Peterson L. K.
Published: March 2010

Swathing wheat at the stage currently recommended does not reduce numbers of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Nort. (Hymenoptera:Cephidae), because most of the larvae are then well below the level at which the stems are swathed. Swathing early enough to cause larval mortality is impractical because the loss in yield would probably exceed the benefit gained by partial control of the sawflies.To prevent losses from sawfly cutting without reducing yield by swathing too early, swathing should not be started before the sawflies begin cutting. Because the sawflies begin cutting stems whose kernels contain more than 40% moisture, early swathing should be limited to fields that are heavily infested or to the margins of moderately infested fields.
INHERITANCE OF SAWFLY REACTION AND STEM SOLIDNESS IN SPRING WHEAT CROSSES: SAWFLY REACTION
Authors: McKenzie Hugh
Published: March 2010

Inheritance of reaction to the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Nort., was studied in populations of F3 and B2 lines from the cross Red Bobs × C.T. 715 (Triticum aestivum L.), and the respective backcrosses. The data supported the hypothesis that the varieties differed by three genes for sawfly reaction. A major influence was attributable to one gene. Its allele for susceptibility when homozygous was epistatic to the other two genes. Its allele for resistance was twice as effective as either of the other genes in conditioning resistance. The other two genes lacked dominance and were equal in their influence on sawfly reaction.Correlation coefficients showed that sawfly reaction was not associated with reaction to race T-2 of Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul., heading date, or awnedness. Sawfly susceptibility was weakly correlated with height.
PUNCTURE RESISTANCE IN RELATION TO TOMATO FRUIT CRACKING
Authors: Voisey Peter W. , Lyall L. H.
Published: March 2010

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THE EFFECT OF SMALL QUANTITIES OF CARBON MONOXIDE ON McINTOSH APPLES IN CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE
Authors: Poapst P. A. , Phillips W. R. , Johnston F. B. , Durkee A. B.
Published: March 2010

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EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SOIL MOISTURE TENSIONS ON GRASS AND LEGUME SPECIES
Authors: Finn B. J. , Bourget S. J. , Nielsen K. F. , Dow B. K.
Published: March 2010

Established stands of three grasses and legumes, grown in a greenhouse, were subjected to flooding treatments consisting of soil moisture tensions of approximately 0, 25 and 40 centimetres of water which were equivalent to field conditions where the water table is at the soil surface, 25 and 40 centimetres below the soil surface, respectively. Herbage and root yields were measured.Grasses were more tolerant to flooding than were the legumes. The order of decreasing tolerance to flooding was: reed canary grass, timothy, brome grass, birdsfoot trefoil, Ladino clover and alfalfa. The yields of grasses tended to increase with increasing moisture levels and with durations of flooding, whereas the yields of legumes tended to decrease with increasing moisture levels and with the duration of flooding.The effect of flooding on yields was more pronounced on the first than on the second harvest. Highly significant positive correlation coefficients were obtained between total top and root weights of reed canary grass, birdsfoot trefoil, Ladino clover and alfalfa. Corresponding correlation coefficients for timothy and brome grass were negative and highly significant.Oxygen diffusion measurements indicated that, in general, the yields of legumes increased with increasing availability of oxygen whereas the yields of grasses showed a tendency to decrease. As the soil temperature under flooding conditions increased from 41° to 80°F. the forage yields usually decreased.
EFFECT OF SOIL TYPE, SOIL MOISTURE, AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH OF SPRING WHEAT
Authors: Dubetz S.
Published: March 2010

Spring wheat was grown in the greenhouse on two soil types with nitrogen rates of 0, 30, 60, and 90 pounds per acre and at three moisture levels. Significant increases in yield of grain and significant decreases in percentage protein were obtained with increasing soil moisture on a loam soil but not on a loamy sand. Apparently, the difference in plant growth between soils may be attributed to the greater changes in moisture tension of the loam soil within the moisture ranges studied. The loam soil was also watered less frequently and the high moisture tensions were of longer duration.Both soils showed significant increases in yield of grain with increasing nitrogen fertilizer, but significant increases in percentage protein were obtained on the loam soil only. The largest yield increase per unit of nitrogen was obtained on the loamy sand. The growth of wheat on the loam soil was significantly superior in all respects except for the roots to that on the loamy sand. This is explained on the basis of differences in the original fertility of the two soils before treatment.
THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZERS ON EMERGENCE OF CEREAL GRAINS, FLAX AND RAPE
Authors: Nyborg M.
Published: March 2010

Ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate and treble superphosphate fertilizers placed in a band with seeds of wheat, oats, barley, flax and rape were found to delay and/or reduce emergence. Order of tolerance of these crops was oats > barley > wheat >> rape > flax. The nitrogen fertilizer was more injurious than the two phosphate fertilizers, when applied on the basis of N and P2O5 content, respectively. Injury to emergence increased with lower soil temperature. This effect was greatest with treble superphosphate and was only slight with ammonium nitrate. Injury to emergence increased with lower soil moisture content. This effect was very marked with ammonium nitrate but was less with treble superphosphate. For wheat, oats and barley, delay in emergence was more pronounced than reduction. However, for flax and rape relatively light applications of fertilizers both delayed and reduced emergence and exposure of seeds to fertilizer in soils of low moisture content rapidly reduced ability to germinate. Damage to flax was apparently increased by soil micro-organisms.Injury to emergence was eliminated when fertilizers were broadcast or placed in a band one inch or more away from the seed.
SURFACE TRASH CONSERVATION WITH TILLAGE MACHINES
Authors: Anderson D. T.
Published: March 2010

The conservation or reduction of surface trash resulting from the use of some common tillage implements for cultivating fallow land has been studied in a series of 32 field trials. The weight of the surface trash cover was determined before the first tillage stroke was conducted and again after each operation. The data for each trial were collected over a fallow period of about 2 months and were expressed as a percentage of the original weight of the spring wheat stubble cover.The wide-blade cultivator reduced the original surface cover by generalized values of 15, 10, and 5 per cent or less after the first, second, and third and subsequent operations, respectively. Results with the rod weeder, when used for secondary tillage, were similar to those given above for the wide-blade cultivator. These machines, if used for two operations on fields initially tilled with the one-way disk, lifted an average of 14 and 11 per cent of the original cover back to the surface.The heavy-duty cultivator reduced the original surface cover by average values of 30 to 50 per cent during primary tillage and 5 to 20 per cent during the second operation. These results were strongly influenced by factors involved in machine operation.Generally, the one-way disk and the one-way flexible-disk-harrow (discer) reduced surface cover by 50 per cent during each operation at a depth of 3 to 4 inches. Trash reduction during primary tillage with the one-way disk increased with an increased depth of tillage and decreased with increased weights of surface cover. The tandem disk provided about the same results as the other disk machines.The use of one or more machines in a tillage sequence provides a means of regulating surface trash on a quantitative basis.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT GENETIC SOIL TYPES IN THE NEWDALE SOIL ASSOCIATION OF MANITOBA
Authors: Robertson J. A.
Published: March 2010

The Newdale Soil Association of Manitoba consists of a number of genetic soil types which are the result of local variations in relief, drainage and vegetation. Seven of these soil types were examined in the field and studied in the laboratory in an attempt to relate their characteristics to the factors responsible for their formation.It was found that the depth of the solum of these soils increased the farther down the slope the soil occurred, because of greater amounts of water entering the soil and the resultant cooler, moister soil climate. The per cent of exchangeable hydrogen also followed this trend. Where local soil-climatic conditions favoured the invasion of trees into the grassland area, the soils exhibited considerable degradation. This was revealed by the marked clay illuviation, the greater per cent of exchangeable hydrogen and the lower amount of organic carbon in the soils found under tree vegetation. Internal drainage had an important influence on the type of soil developed in the depressional areas.
NOTE ON AN AIR-JET STIRRER FOR THE BECKMAN DU FLAME SPECTROPHOTOMETER
Authors: Mathieu A. L. , Carson J. A.
Published: March 2010

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NOTE ON IMPROVED SOIL BORER FOR SAMPLING IN PERMAFROST
Authors: Day J. H. , Nowosad F. S. , Cooper D. J.
Published: March 2010

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ASPECTS OF THE SULPHUR STATUS OF THREE QUEBEC SOILS
Authors: Lowe L. E. , DeLong W. A.
Published: March 2010

Total sulphur, easily soluble sulphur, and the amounts of sulphur extracted by strongly acidic and strongly alkaline solutions were determined on samples from three Quebec soils, two podsols and one brown forest soil.Total sulphur was determined, following oxidation in the Parr oxygen bomb, by the colorimetric methylene blue method. The results obtained by this procedure were markedly higher than those obtained by the gravimetric method following bomb oxidation or oxidative fusion with sodium peroxide and sodium carbonate.Evidence was obtained suggestive of the existence of sulphate-sulphur in association with the organic fraction of these soils.
MINERALOGY OF CHAMPLAIN SEA SEDIMENTS AND A RIDEAU CLAY SOIL PROFILE
Authors: Brydon J. E. , Patry L. M.
Published: March 2010

Marine clays and silts of the Champlain Sea, or "Leda clays", from several locations in the Ottawa and St. Lawrence Valleys, and a Rideau Clay soil profile developed on this material have been examined. Although the textures of the marine sediments varied, there was a remarkable similarity in the nature of the mineral constituents of the sands, silts and clays; feldspars, quartz, amphiboles, micas, and chlorites occurred in all size fractions. In addition, the clay fractions contained small amounts of montmorillonite and interstratified illite-montmorillonite. All but two of the marine samples were slightly calcareous and, in general, the coarser textured materials contained the highest carbonate content. The main source of the deposits is believed to be the igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Canadian Shield, and there is very little evidence of weathering before, during and since deposition.The Rideau Clay is a moderately well-drained regosolic soil with very little difference in exchangeable cations or mineral composition with depth. The occurrence of illuviation could not be shown conclusively because of apparent depositional differences. The Rideau Clay differed from the marine materials in having no carbonates, in being slightly acid throughout, and in having a greater amount and a different type of interstratified clay minerals.
POTASSIUM-SUPPLYING POWER OF SOME CANADIAN SOILS
Authors: MacLean A. J.
Published: March 2010

The amounts of exchangeable potassium in surface samples of 11 Canadian soils were significantly correlated with uptake of potassium by plants in the greenhouse. Per cent K-saturation and water-soluble potassium were indicative of the percentage of K-uptake that was derived from soil potassium in exchangeable form at the time of seeding.Amounts of non-exchangeable potassium extracted from the soils by repeated boiling in 1 N HNO3, by H-saturated exchange resin, and by continuous leaching with 0.01 N HCl were significantly correlated with each other and with the amounts of this form of potassium removed by plants.Following cropping, release of non-exchangeable potassium to exchangeable form during moist incubation of the samples for 112 days was slight. When samples containing different levels of exchangeable potassium were incubated moist for 13 months and then wetted and dried five times, potassium tended to be released to exchangeable form or converted to non-exchangeable form depending on initial level established. The degree of K-saturation at which potassium in six Ontario soils would be expected to be at equilibrium was estimated by regression to be 1.21 per cent. There was evidence that the degree of K-saturation for equilibrium in a Brown soil from Saskatchewan was at least 4.5 per cent.