bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"En nombre de los que firmamos, pedimos…". Una prosopografía de las prácticas de agenciamiento y reconocimiento social en los procesos suplicativos de soldados y veteranos de la Guerra del Pacífico, 1882-1888
Authors: Godoy Yáñez Eduardo
Published: January 2022

En el presente estudio se busca arrojar luz sobre el modo en que se desarrollaron las súplicas de indulto en el Chile decimonónico a partir de unaprimera aproximación al caso de los veteranos de la Guerra del Pacífico (1879-1884) y las peticiones que elevaron ante el Consejo de Estado porcausas civiles, militares y criminales entre 1882 y 1888. Metodológicamente se realiza una prosopografía del proceso suplicativo a través de la identificación de los documentos elaborados en el marco de la pro- pia solicitud, así como de sus trayectorias en el proceso, lo que revela la morfologíade una compleja red de agenciamiento social en la que las formas de reconocimiento social jugaron un papel fundamental.
Development challenges in South Korea: reflection on the Saemangeum land reclamation project
Authors: Hong Eun Ah
Published: January 2022

This article examines what the development challenges are in South Korea by specifically analyzing the case of the Saemangeum land reclamation project from a critical approach to development. By exploring the state-led Saemangeum land reclamation project, which in the end adopted the rhetoric of sustainability, the article examines the impact of state development on the environment and community sustainability. It is shown how the traditional local knowledge of sustainable living has vanished, ironically through the ‘ecofriendly’ development project that supposedly recognizes the cultural space of the fishers and the way they relate to each other and nature. By observing the Saemangeum project, which demonstrates the existing development challenges in South Korea, the article questions how to reach a peaceful and sustainable future.
Socialismo europeo, colonialismo y el caso de los kibbutzim
Authors: Ramos Tolosa Jorge
Published: January 2022

El presente trabajo pretende examinar los complejos y diversos discursos sobre el colonialismo de algunas culturas políticas socialistas europeas, entre mediados del siglo XIX y las primeras décadas del XX. Para ello se revisan el pensamiento de Karl Marx y de otras figuras socialistas, debates de congresos socialistas y las figuras del político marxista peruano José Carlos Mariátegui y el historiador Tony Judt. En el centro de la discusión se sitúa la pregunta acerca de si los kibbutzim sionistas pueden simbolizar la relación histórica entre socialismo y colonialismo: igualdad y utopía, para las personas blancas, e indiferencia o legitimación ante la desposesión, la segregación e incluso la limpieza étnica, para las personas extraeuropeas. El objetivo es indagar en la relación histórica entre las culturas políticas socialistas europeas y la cuestión colonial como medio para ayudar a comprender algunas de las claves contemporáneas del pensamiento eurocéntrico y de la relación entre Europa y el resto de continentes.
La lucha contra el Don Juan: La construcción de la masculinidad socialista ante la Segunda República a través de El Socialista (1930-1932)
Authors: García Pintor María Nieves
Published: January 2022

El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es poner de relevancia algunos de los ejes sobre los que giró el discurso de masculinidad emitido por el PSOE –a través de su principal órgano de difusión, El Socialista– durante los primeros años de la Segunda República Española. Se pretende conocer cómo en ese momento de reformulación política el pensamiento político, los ideales de género y la justificación del patriarcado convergieron en la creación de un determinado ideal masculino y femenino. Así, la difusión de un hombre entregado a la causa política, el desarrollo de una masculinidad comprometida con el hogar y la creación de otros a quienes contraponer ideales sociales y políticos fueron elementos clave a la hora de articular la identidad masculina socialista.
El hambre que mata. Mortalidad y enfermedad en la Andalucía Oriental rural del primer franquismo (1939-1953)
Authors: Santiago Díaz Gregorio
Published: January 2022

El primer franquismo (1939-1952) fue un periodo de carestía, miseria, enfermedades y muerte. Considerando el hambre como protagonista, el estudio de la mortalidad de una zona rural de Andalucía Oriental permite relacionar los condicionantes políticos, económicos y sociales con la nutrición. Y también con las condiciones higiénico-sanitarias, las enfermedades y las principales causas de muerte, provocadas tanto directa (enfermedades del aparato digestivo) como indirectamente (enfermedades del aparato respiratorio e infecto-contagiosas) por el hambre.
Los menores de edad víctimas mortales de ETA
Authors: García Varela Pablo
Published: January 2022

ETA asesinó a un total de veintiún niños entre 1980 y 2002, además de herir a más de cien en otros atentados. La mayoría de víctimas menores de edad se debieron a ataques indiscriminados contra la población civil y las residencias de las fuerzas de seguridad del Estado. Las casas-cuartel de la Guardia Civil fueron uno de sus principales objetivos. El presente trabajo analiza las acciones y el discurso de la organización terrorista ETA, y también el modo en que, a través de su principal medio de comunicación Egin, justificó las acciones contra niños.
Dos escritos inéditos de Jovellanos sobre la Constitución histórica
Authors: Fernández Sarasola Ignacio
Published: January 2022

La teoría del Estado de Jovellanos se adscribía al iusracionalismo, principalmente ligado a autores como Christiaan Wolff y Samuel Puffendorf, Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui, Gottlieb Heinnecio, Jean Domat y Hugo Grocio. A su parecer, además de emplear las obras de estos autores en los estudios jurídicos cursados en España, debía adoptarse su metodología, sustituyendo así el enfoque escolástico tradicional aplicado en España. Jovellanos se adscribía a los planes de reforma de los estudios jurídicos diseñados por Gregorio Mayáns y Pablo de Olavide. Él mismo había estudiado leyes y cánones, pero consideraba que su formación académica no había sido adecuada. De hecho, durante el siglo XVIII, la mayoría de los juristas españoles, tras culminar sus estudios universitarios, debían recibir una formación específica para poder conocer las normas legales españolas que no habían aprendido en la Universidad, donde el Derecho Romano seguía siendo la única fuente legal explicada. Si bien la teoría del Estado de Jovellanos seguía esa línea de pensamiento iusracionalista, su idea de Constitución seguía planteamientos historicistas. Rechazaba la idea de una Constitución nacida del ejercicio del poder constituyente, obviando así las doctrinas de Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès. Muy al contrario, consideraba que las constituciones nacen a partir de un proceso histórico. Aun así, en sus primeros escritos Jovellanos no identificaba «Constitución» con Leyes Fundamentales, sino con la estructura socio-política de un país. Ambos textos inéditos que se presentan muestran las teorías jovellanistas sobre ‘Estado’ y ‘Constitución’. El primero de ellos es el borrador de dos cartas dirigidas a un destinatario desconocido. No fue incluido en las Obras Completas de Jovellanos. El segundo parece ser el desarrollo de un borrador destinado a una nueva edición del Fuero Juzgo encargado por la Real Academia Española.
PERFECTO, Miguel Ángel, Las derechas radicales españolas en la época contemporánea (1800-1975). Su influencia en América Latina. Salamanca, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2021, 284 pp. (edición digital)
Authors: Sánchez Recio Glicerio
Published: January 2022

Reseña de: PERFECTO, Miguel Ángel, Las derechas radicales españolas en la época contemporánea (1800-1975). Su influencia en América Latina. Salamanca, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2021, 284 pp. (edición digital). ISBN: 978-84-1311-543-6.
MORENO ALMENDRAL, Raúl, Relatos de vida, conceptos de nación. Reino Unido, Francia, España y Portugal (1780-1840). Valencia, Publicacions de la Universitat de València, 2021, 325 pp.
Authors: Escrig Rosa Josep
Published: January 2022

Reseña: MORENO ALMENDRAL, Raúl, Relatos de vida, conceptos de nación. Reino Unido, Francia, España y Portugal (1780-1840). Valencia, Publicacions de la Universitat de València, 2021, 325 pp. ISBN: 978-84-9134-785-9.
SÁNCHEZ COLLANTES, Sergio, El pueblo a escena. Republicanismos y tradición democrática en la Asturias del siglo XIX. Oviedo, RIDEA, 2019, 768 pp.
Authors: Rodríguez Valdés Rafael
Published: January 2022

Reseña: SÁNCHEZ COLLANTES, Sergio, El pueblo a escena. Republicanismos y tradición democrática en la Asturias del siglo XIX. Oviedo, RIDEA, 2019, 768 pp. ISBN: 978-84-949602-6-0.
CASANOVA, Julián, Una violencia indómita. El siglo XX europeo. Crítica, Barcelona, 2020, 394 pp.
Authors: Buckley Martín Nicolás Henry
Published: January 2022

Reseña: CASANOVA, Julián, Una violencia indómita. El siglo XX europeo. Crítica, Barcelona, 2020, 394 pp. ISBN: 9788491992172.
RINA SIMÓN, César, El mito de la tierra de María Santísima. Religiosidad popular, espectáculo e identidad. Sevilla, Centro de Estudios Andaluces, 2020, 386 pp.
Authors: Szmolka Vida Ignacio
Published: January 2022

Reseña: RINA SIMÓN, César, El mito de la tierra de María Santísima. Religiosidad popular, espectáculo e identidad. Sevilla, Centro de Estudios Andaluces, 2020, 386 pp. ISBN: 9788412082401.
Selfie, Sujet, Soundjekt. Zum komponierenden Subjekt
Authors: Kreidler Johannes
Published: January 2022

Meine kompositorische Arbeit bewegt sich zwischen Momenten des Ent-Subjektivierten und einer prononcierten Subjektivität. Ersteres zeigt sich durch Techniken der Collage, der Übernahme von Fremdanteilen in Material und Entstehung sowie in der von mir öfter genutzten Schwerkraft als objektiv-physikalische Kraft bei der Erzeugung von Klängen und Klangverbindungen. Zweiteres wird deutlich in Strategien der Performance als Fokus auf die Realität eines künstlerischen Subjekts als ausführender Körper sowie im Moment der Erfindung von Konzepten als Gegenpart beispielsweise zu den von mir oft herangezogenen Leistungen des Computers beim Komponieren. In beiden Bewegungsrichtungen manifestiert sich die Subjektivität des Künstlers in ihrer Dialektik, an der auch die Rezeption Anteil hat.
Das Lied der Bäume
Authors: Nitzke Solvejg
Published: January 2022

Solvejg Nitzke untersucht in diesem Beitrag die Produktivität der idyllischen Situation - einer Figur, die im Schatten eines Baumes sitzt, von wo aus sie ihre Umwelt wahrnimmt - für aktuelle Sachtexte und Romane über Mensch-Baum-Beziehungen. Sie zeigt, dass die literarische Vorlage (Vergil) weit über Literatur im engeren Sinne hinaus Modellcharakter für ein Verhältnis zwischen Menschen und Bäumen hat, das ökologische Resonanz zur Grundlage einer materiellen Transformation macht.
Distanz in der Literatur von Überlebenden der Shoah
Authors: Pick Bianca Patricia
Published: January 2022

Die Literatur von Überlebenden der Shoah zeichnet sich oft durch einen kühlen, sachlichen Ton und eine luzide Nüchternheit aus. Welche Bedeutung kommt diesen Stilmerkmalen in der literarischen Auseinandersetzung der Autorinnen und Autoren mit den eigenen Erlebnissen zu? Wie lassen sich die erzählerischen und essayistischen Strategien zusammenführen? Bianca Patricia Pick legt in ihrer Untersuchung der autobiographischen und fiktionalen Texte der jüdischen Verfolgten Albert Drach, Jean Améry, Edgar Hilsenrath, Imre Kertész und Ruth Klüger ein Hauptaugenmerk auf die Deutungskategorie der Distanz als Schreibverfahren, das Züge des Sarkastischen, Grotesken, des Ressentiments und des Protokolls annimmt.
The Post-Socialist Internet
Authors: Bareikyte Migle
Published: January 2022

How is the Internet produced as an infrastructure in post-socialist Lithuania? Migle Bareikyte contributes to the growing field of STS and media studies with a distinct focus on Eastern Europe. She situates the Internet development in Lithuania's telecom industry with the exploration of its labor practices, geopolitical imaginaries, and critical negotiations from a bottom-up perspective. Bareikyte further explores how fieldwork-based research can foster new theorizations of media infrastructures. Finally, she argues for a situated investigation of new places and actors beyond the United States and Western Europe-such as post-socialist regions-in order to explore the diversity of media infrastructures.
»Schrift [...] fällt beim Lesen nicht ab wie Schlacke«
Authors: Schöpf Sven
Published: January 2022

Oft ist die Benjamin-Forschung dem Ziel verpflichtet, den ›ganzen Benjamin‹ oder dessen ›Denken in nuce‹ zu erheischen. Im Gegensatz dazu erörtert Sven Schöpf das ›ganze Trauerspielbuch‹. Im Zentrum steht hierbei die typographische Gestaltung der 1928 publizierten Erstausgabe von Walter Benjamins legendärem Barockbuch. Um deren hermeneutisches Potential aufzuzeigen, rekonstruiert die Studie schlaglichtartig die Geschichte der Druckschrift sowie die Semantik der Typographie. Zudem wird, vor dem Hintergrund der Buchkunstbewegung und der ›Krise des Historismus‹, ein richtungsweisender Blick auf die Machart literarhistorischer Publikationen geistesgeschichtlicher Provenienz geworfen.
Sehbehinderung und Arbeit
Authors: Fischer-Tahir Andrea
Published: January 2022

Eine Inklusion, die auf bedarfsgerechte Teilhabe am Niedriglohnsektor abzielt, steht im Kontrast zu den sozialen Interessen von Menschen mit Behinderung auf der Suche nach guter Arbeit. Andrea Fischer-Tahir setzt die Themen Behinderung, Digitalisierung und Arbeit in Bezug zueinander, ermittelt den Gebrauchswert assistiver Technologie und spürt den Rekonfigurationen von Lebensentwürfen nach. Anhand von Interviews und Fokusgruppen untersucht sie aus der Perspektive kritischer Sozialtheorie Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des digitalen Kapitalismus für Sehbehinderte und rekonstruiert Erfahrungen von Exklusion im beruflichen Feld sowie Machtverhältnisse in Inklusionsmaßnahmen.
Der Geist der Potentiale
Authors: Heßdörfer Florian
Published: January 2022

In der geschäftigen modernen Welt ist der Mensch zunehmend auf der Suche nach dem, was noch möglich ist: Welche Chancen bieten sich noch? Welche verborgenen Fähigkeiten wollen geweckt werden? Die Suche nach dem ungelebten Leben, nach den »Potentialen« ist symptomatisch für unsere Zeit. Florian Heßdörfer hinterfragt mit seiner genealogischen Rekonstruktion dieses Narrativ und seine Geschichte. Dabei wird deutlich, wie sich die Figur des individuellen Potentials als pädagogisches Leitmotiv etabliert, das die Verschiedenheit der Menschen thematisiert und ihre leistungsorientierte Integration in produktive Gemeinschaften organisiert.
Nicht-ikonische Bilder
Authors: Paluch Alessa K.
Published: January 2022

Selfies, Pornografie, Celebrity Culture und Paparazzi-Fotografie - täglich nutzen wir Bilder und laden sie mit Bedeutung auf. Der Begriff »Nicht-ikonische Bilder« widmet sich diesen alltäglichen Bildpraxen aus einer herrschaftskritischen Perspektive heraus: Welchen Normen unterwerfen wir uns, wenn wir unsere komplexen Emotionen mit eindimensionalen Selfies ausdrücken? Wie wird Begehren geformt in einer nur auf den voyeuristischen Blick ausgerichteten Pornografie? Wessen Verhalten wird verhandelt, wenn wir uns schadenfroh an Paparazzi-Fotos erfreuen? Alessa K. Paluch untersucht, was künstlerische Auseinandersetzungen mit jenen Bildkomplexen über unsere visuelle Kultur aussagen.
Unbehaglich Queer
Authors: Gössl Martin J.
Published: January 2022

Was macht jemanden oder etwas queer? Welche Veränderungen hat Queerness angestoßen? Und gibt es queer überhaupt noch? Queere Kulturen sind lebendige Bestandteile von sich stetig transformierenden Gesellschaften des 21. Jahrhunderts. Kategorien wie Wohlstand, Erfolg und Amüsement, aber auch Sexualität und Schönheit haben innerhalb queerer Subkulturen eine starke Veränderung erfahren und gleichsam so manche Lebensrealität einer allgemeinen Öffentlichkeit beeinflusst. Martin J. Gössl arbeitet heraus, wie die Verstrickungen in heteronormative Systeme und kapitalistische Ordnungen einen queeren Standpunkt zunehmend in Bedrängnis bringen.
Docutimelines - Zur Produktion von Musikdokumentationen
Authors: Bettges Christian
Published: January 2022

Wie entstehen Musikdokumentationen? Und woran orientieren sich die Produzierenden - an der außerfilmischen Wirklichkeit oder an institutionellen Vorgaben, Quoten und Absatzmärkten? Christian Bettges beantwortet diese Fragen in Auseinandersetzung mit Jürgen Habermas' »Theorie des Kommunikativen Handelns« und arbeitet so multidimensionale Begründungsprozesse heraus. Er begreift Musikdokumentationen als Teil gesamtgesellschaftlicher Realitäten und formuliert eine radikale Absage an »Abbild-Theorien«. Im Rahmen künstlerischer Forschung rücken rationale Praxen des Kompilierens und Arrangierens von Materialien in den Timelines digitaler Schnittsysteme ins Zentrum der Analyse.
Gravitation near the Schwarzschild radius
Authors: L. Khokhlov D.
Published: January 2022

The problem of gravitation near the Schwarzschild radius is addressed. The pressure due to free fall velocity is introduced. At the Schwarz-schild radius, this pressure produces the force balancing the gravity thus stopping the collapse of the matter. The minimum radius of the source of gravity is defined as a radius at which the proton reaches the Planck energy. The compact object as a thin shell at the minimum radius is considered. The proton is assumed to decay at the Planck scale into positron and hypothetical Planck neutrinos. Under accretion onto the compact object, half the protons decay, and the other protons retain at the minimum radius.Â Â
Periodic orbit in the photo-gravitational restricted three body problem around the collinear Lagrangian points when more massive primary is an oblate spheroid and source of radiation
Authors: John Derick , Krishan Sharma Ram
Published: January 2022

The circular Restricted Three Body Problem is considered with the more massive primary as an oblate spheroid and source of radiation. A new mean motion expression given by n2=1+6A is used in the present study, when the secular effect of the oblateness on the mean motion, argument of perigee and right ascension of the ascending node is considered. The locations of the collinear Lagrangian points are found. It is found to have some variation from the previous study conducted on the same because of the new mean motion that is considered in this study. The variations of the location of the Lagrangian points due to the unperturbed as well as the perturbed problem due to oblateness and radiation pressure are studied. A study on the eccentricity e and angular frequency s at L1, L2 and L3 is carried out. It is observed how the change in effect of oblateness and radiation pressure has affected the location, angular frequency and eccentricity at L3, though there are only small changes noticed in the case of L1 and L2.Â Â
Determination of fluorescence lifetimes of fluorescein from fluorescence quenching data
Authors: Ogunsipe Abimbola , Opeolu Olutunji
Published: January 2022

The fluorescence quenching of fluorescein by 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) in five solvents â€“ methanol, ethanol, phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4), N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) is hereby investigated. Fluoresceinâ€™s fluorescence was effectively quenched by BQ, and the quenching was dynamic (purely collisional) within the BQâ€™s concentration range (0.001 to 0.004 M) used in this work. Accordingly, the quenching data were in conformity with the Stern-Volmerâ€™s model. Stern-Volmerâ€™s constant (KSV) values range between 17.4 in DMSO and 43.4 in methanol. KSV values, together with the calculated bimolecular rate constants (kD) in the respective solvents, were used to semi-empirically estimate the fluorescence lifetimes (tF) of fluorescein in the individual solvents. Just as for KSV values, tF values are solvent-viscosity dependent, with the lowest values being obtained in methanol and the highest in DMSO, which are the least and most viscous solvents respectively. tF values obtained in this work are 3.55, 3.71, 3.78, 4.13 and 4.51 ns (in methanol, PBS 7.4, ethanol, DMF and DMSO, respectively).Â Â Â
Validated extractive analytical methods for the estimation of pregabalin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form
Authors: P PoojaShree. , Kumar G P Senthil , R Chaithra , D N Vidya , D R Bhadresh , S Manojkumar
Published: January 2022

Two simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of Pregabalin (PRG) in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. The methods are based on the reactions of the drug with bromocresol purple (BCP) and bromocresol green (BCG) in buffered hydrochloric acid solutions at pH 1.2 to give coloured ion-pair complexes extractable with chloroform. The coloured products are quantitated spectrophotometrically at 431 nm with BCP and 444.80 nm with BCG. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range 10-50 Âµg/ml with both reagents. Recovery studies gave satisfactory results indicating that none of common additives and excipients interfere the assay method. The proposed methods are found to be simple, accurate and reproducible that was successfully applied for the analysis of capsule formulations. The developed methods are easy to use, accurate and highly cost-effective for routine studies relative to HPLC and other techniques.Â Â Â
A comprehensive review on functional roles of cancerous immunoglobulins and potential applications in cancer immunodiagnostics and immunotherapy
Authors: Heidari Alireza , Peterson Victoria
Published: January 2022

In this research, poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide)-block-poly (ethylene glycol), (PLGA-PEG) nanoparticles (NPs) of less than 195 nm in diameter containing of Naringenin (NRG) a naturally flavonoid were synthesized. Encapsulated form NRG improves its medical properties and solubility. The therapeutic efficacy of the encapsulated naringenin (NRG-NPs) and NRG on human lung epithelial (A549) and mouse mammary (4T1) carcinoma cells proliferation was determined by MTT assays. The cytotoxicity potency was rated as follows: NRG-NPs > NRG. The antioxidant effects of the NRG and NRG-NPs were also determined by FRAP method. Our results show that NRG-NPs are cytotoxic compounds for cancer cells and anti-cancer effect can be attributed to the presence of Fe chelatory and antioxidant effects of NRG-NPs.Â Â
Validated HPTLC method for the quantitation of levetiracetam in pure and tablet dosage form
Authors: T G Likitha , Gnana Babu C. Jose , H G. Sowmya
Published: January 2022

A rapid, simple, precise and accurate high performance thin layer chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the estima-tion of Levetiracetam in bulk and tablet dosage form. The Levetiracetam was chromatographed on silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plate as a sta-tionary phase. The mobile phase was Ethyl acetate: Methanol: Ammonia in the ratio of 7:1:2 respectively. It gave a dense and compact spot of Levetiracetam with an Rf value of 0.56. The quantitation was carried out at 210 nm. The method was validated in terms of linearity, accu-racy, precision and specificity. The statistical analysis proved that the developed method is accurate and reproducible with linearity in the range of 100 to 500 ng/spot. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation for Levetiracetam were 3.55 and 10.66 ng/spot respectively. The developed method can be employed for the routine analysis of Levetiracetam in the tablet dosage form.
Hereditary immunity in cancer
Authors: Heidari Alireza , Schmitt Katrina , Henderson Maria , Besana Elizabeth
Published: January 2022

Cancer is one of the malignant diseases and millions of people worldwide die from cancer annually. Breast cancer diagnosis requires the analysis of images and attributes as well as collecting many clinical and mammography variables. In diagnosis of breast cancer, it is im-portant to determine whether a tumor is benign or malignant. The information about breast cancer risk prediction along with the type of tu-mor are crucial for patients and effective medical decision making. An ideal diagnostic system could effectively distinguish between benign and malignant cells; however, such a system has not been created yet. In this study, a model is developed to improve the prediction probabil-ity of breast cancer. It is necessary to have such a prediction model as the survival probability of breast cancer is high when patients are diagnosed at early stages.Â Â
High performance liquid chromatography quality control
Authors: Mohammed El Amine M. , E. Ghanjaoui A. , Mandil A. , Ait Sidi Mou A. , Slimani R.
Published: January 2022

This review gives a general overview of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method for the detection, the separation and the quantification of the active compounds from the organics matrices. A brief description of the instrumentation and the method devel-opment is provided. The principles of HPLC including different separation modes and detection methods for the quantitative analysis are summarized. Finely, the validation procedures in real samples are also described.Â Â
Optimization of groundnut shell fast pyrolysis for the production and characterization of bio-oil using fabricated fixed bed reactor
Authors: Ayodeji Rapheal Ige , Cosmos Moki Elinge , Muhammad Aliyu , Muhammed Gwani , Gusau Hassan Lawal
Published: January 2022

Renewable plant materials are regarded as one of the most affirmative option for the production of fuels and chemicals. With the concept of pyrolysis process, there is every possibility to produce alternative sources of energy and fuels from renewable biomass. The study depicts the production, optimization and characterization of bio-oil from pyrolyzed groundnut shell using fabricated reactor. The pyrolysis process was produced with bio-oil response, bio-char response and non condensable gases response as products. The effect of pyrolysis variables were observed by the production of the bio-oil as the response. Sixty runs of pyrolysis experiments were suggested by box Benkhen design indicated optimum pyrolysis condition at particle size of 1.15mm mesh, reaction time of 83 mins and temperature of 650oC. The maximum bio-oil yield was obtained with 33.91% at optimum condition. The bio-oil samples had better performance which met the specifications for the measured properties and compares well with the ASTM standard. Therefore, using groundnut shell for bio-oil production via pyrolysis process can serve as an approach of providing a sustainable alternative source of fuel and friendly environment.Â Â
Heavy Metal Chemistry of Waste Water of Textile Dyeing Industries, Tongi, Gazipur, Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Saima , H.M. Selim Reza A. , Saha Sudip , Aminul Ahsan Md.
Published: January 2022

The present research work shows the dominance of iron in the industrial waste water and river water samples of the investigated area of Gazipur district. The mean iron concentrations for both types of water samples are higher than the maximum permissible limits of WHO and NEQS. The excess amount of iron in water can cause health hazards of the human beings and ecosystem. Attempts should be taken to remove the excess amount of iron from the waters of the study area. On the basis of median concentration values of the heavy metals, they can be arranged as Fe>Zn>Ni>Cr>Pb. The factor analysis reveals the dominance of first two factors which comprise 83.298% of the total variance. The factor-1 is characterized by the contamination of Fe, Ni and Zn whereas factor-2 is dominated by the presence of Cu and Pb.Â
Effect of carbonization temperature on properties of char from coconut shell
Authors: F. Hassan U. , A. Sallau A. , O. Ekanem E. , Jauro A. , M. Kolo A.
Published: January 2022

The study Investigate the effect of carbonization temperature on properties of coconut shell. The carbonization was carried out at 600, 800, 1000 and 1150Â°C temperatures for 1 hour under inert condition. The derived chars were proximately, ultimately and structurally analyzed. The results show that there was a significant change in the volatile matter, fixed carbon percentage, elemental C and its functional group as temperature increases. The moisture content and percentage yield decrease with increasing temperature. The morphological characterization of the materials shows fibrous nature of the raw samples while the char products show developed pores which are suitable for adsorption, movement of electrolyte ions and reduced diffusion resistance. The electrical properties of char improved from 3.52 x10-8 to 6.78 x10-2 S/cm as temperature increases from 600Â°C to 1150Â°C. results from X-ray diffractometer analysis showed improved graphitic properties; which suggest a possible use of the char samples particular the PKS1150 in electrode fabrication material.Â Â
Isolation of natural caffeine from liptonâ„¢ black tea through acid-base liquid-liquid extraction approach, its medical significance and its characterization by thin layer chromatography and IR analysis
Authors: Fazal-ur-Rehman M. , Qayyum Iqra , Manzar Zahra Dr.
Published: January 2022

To isolate the caffeine from Liptonâ„¢ Black Tea Brand, a sequence of practices was applied. An Acid-Base Liquid-Liquid Extraction approach carried out to force the caffeine to be isolated in upper organic layer as extractant. By this method, first caffeine was isolated from tea bags through passing different steps of extraction, then caffeine was isolated from tea with the use of both Solid-Liquid approach as well as liquid-liquid extraction approach. A product of 0.05 g of pure caffeine was obtained giving the percentage yield or percent recovery of 1.22%. Calculated percent recovery was 1.2 %, this percentage yield clarified that in this tea brand, very small caffeine is investigated, this deduces a significant loss of product throughout the procedure which are due to formation of emulsions and not due to washing thoroughly with DCM to extract maximum yield. It is also significant to be considered that reactions of precursor with solvent pair may not be completed, so 100% yield is not conceivable. Due to much transfers in all processes, this loss might be occurred. Due to much transfers in all processes, this loss might be occurred thatâ€™s why repeated the process three times again. It is also revealed that as much water was added which decreased the concentration of Caffeine. On analysis with IR, Peak at f=3000Hz indicates the presence of -NH2 and -CONH2 groups while the peaks at f=1600 Hz and f=1750 Hz indicates the presence of alkene portion of the caffeine molecule which concluded that Caffeine is a purine base.Â Â
Drinking water contamination by heavy metals in different cities of Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Shabbir , Amjad Muhammad , Ambreen Hina , Batool Iqra
Published: January 2022

The most important concern in developing countries like Pakistan is the contamination of groundwater because of the heavy metals from industrial waste which are affecting the ecosystem and public health. Some heavy metals such as Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) are mostly reported in different cities of Pakistan and their concentrations are also to be found above the permissible levels of WHO. For domestic purposes and irrigation, groundwater is the main source in Pakistan. Its quality is getting poor because of the untreated discharge from industries. In the country, water-borne diseases are spreading quickly because of the use of unfiltered environmentally contaminated water as well as a lack of awareness of environmental laws.Â Â
Paper bacterial battery based on polymer as degradable sources of energy
Authors: M Haleem Azhar , H Abass Ruaa , M Haleem Israa
Published: January 2022

Paper bacterial battery (PBB) is a sustainable source of bioenergy derivate from bacterial activities, paper bacterial battery or microbial fuel cell has unique features like biodegradable, cost- affordable, energy- effectiveness, and environmental sounds beside of complete control by produced energy by increasing the number of folds and can made it in shapes and sizes appropriate for all use and type of devices, which is characterized by high flexibility and wide uses. The current study described in detail the fabrication steps of a simply biodegradable paper battery that mainly composed of a substrate of cellulose, Poly (amic) acid (PAA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as reducing and stabilizing agent, immobilization matrix, for bacterial cells stability, this degradable network provides oxygen-blocking and proton exchange membrane (PEM). The fabricated bacterial battery gave power of 3.5 ÂµW/cm2 and a current quantity of 127 ÂµA/cm2, this generated power can be enhancement by more folding or compacting of the fabricated paper-polymer unit.Â Â
Assessment of heavy metals bioaccumulation and health risk in crops grown in farmlands around mining sites in Gwana, Alkaleri lga, Bauchi state, Nigeria
Authors: Mikin Siman , Abdullahi Shibdawa Mohammed , Malgwi Adamu Harami
Published: January 2022

Analysis was carried out on farm crops (Guinea corn, Millet and Beans) collected from adjourning farmlands around mining area of Gwana in Alkaleri Local Government Area, Bauchi State. Their heavy metal concentrations were determined and quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The heavy metal characterization revealed the presences copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc in the farm crops. The mean values of the elements that where obtain for copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, silver and zinc by AAS are 33.90, 12.00, 71.43, 12.56, 4.40, 0.60 and 101.96 mg/kg, respectively. From the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) used to compare these levels of heavy metals in the crops, it showed that there was a significant difference in their concentration. Exposure assessment and risk characterization of the heavy metals present in the farm crops showed that the mean values of the bioaccumulation coefficient for the elements of copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, silver and zinc are1.24, 0.03, 1.68, 0.80,1.64, 0.89 and 1.21 respectively. The estimated daily intake rate for the elements of copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc are 1.17 to 1.28 mg/kg, 0.03 to 0.04 mg/kg, 0.06 to 0.011 mg/kg, 1.39 to 1.96 mg/kg, 1.92 to 3.14 mg/kg and 1.18 to 1.26 mg/kg respectively. The hazard quotient for the elements of copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc are 0.57â€“1.31, 0.01â€“0.02, 22.95â€“32.50, 0.07â€“0.12, 0.02â€“0.26 and 0.32â€“0.40 respectively. The carcinogenic risk for the elements of lead and nickel are 0.0003â€“0.0011 and 0.0006â€“0.0089 respectively. It is hereby recommended that the farm crop samples from within the catchment areas understudy should be subjected to clinical trials to evaluate the extent of the damage it can cause on body tissues.Â Â
Assessment of heavy metals in soil mining areas of gwanaalkaleri lga bauchi state
Authors: Siman Mikin , Abdulahi Shibdawa Muhammed , Abdulahi Shibdawa Muhammed , Malgwi Adamu Harami , Malgwi Adamu Harami , Lakusha Zakaria , Lakusha Zakaria , Collins Wuyep Lungfa , Collins Wuyep Lungfa , Gudam Talkat Maxwell , Gudam Talkat Maxwell , Nashuka Kaigama Williams , Nashuka Kaigama Williams
Published: January 2022

Analysis of soil were carried out on mining areas and adjourning farmlands around Gwana in Alkaleri Local Government Area of Bauchi State. The physicoâ€“chemical analysis conducted includes pH, electrical conductivity and moisture content which was accompanied by the geochemical characterization and quantification of the metal ions present in the soil. The pH of the soil was within the ranges from 5.6 Â±0.01â€“6.7Â±0.01, electrical conductivity was within the ranges of 185â€“290mS/cm and percentage moisture content was within the ranges from 0.42â€“3.30. the geochemical characterization revealed the presences of chromium (11Â±0.02 mg/Kg), cobalt (0.1â€“2.1 mg/Kg), copper (21.9 Â±0.01â€“92.5 Â±0.01 mg/Kg), iron (48 Â±0.01â€“174 Â±0.01 mg/Kg), lead (7.9 Â±0.01â€“215 Â±0.01 mg/Kg), manganese (19.8â€“ 164.8 mg/Kg), nickel (2.9 Â±0.01â€“3.4 Â±0.01 mg/Kg), silver (0.4 Â±0.01â€“2.1Â±0.01 mg/Kg) and zinc (299 Â±0.01â€“417 Â±0.01mg/Kg). The concentration of metal ions of copper, lead and zinc in the soil samples collected from the study area revealed that they were excessively above their permissible limit set by the WHO, both in the areas of active mining operations and in the adjourning farmland. Hence the conclusion that the soils where contaminated as a result of the mining activities being carried out within the locality. Based on the high levels of these metal ions in the soils analyzed from the study area, it is hereby recommended that crop samples from within the catchment areas understudy should also be analyzed to evaluate their bioaccumulation coefficient, mobility index and their potential health risk index if any, that may arise from their being exposed to mining activity within the area.Â Â
Influence of solvents on polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of fig leaf extracts obtained by maceration and ultrasonic extraction
Authors: Merzic Sabina , Sehanovic Ajla , Music Amila , Saric Asim , Alic Mehmed , Avdic Ajla , Huskic Almina , Yazici Basaryusuf , Basic Maida , Pavic Ivana , Horozic Emir
Published: January 2022

In this paper, the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of fig leaf extracts were analyzed. Extraction was performed with methanol, ethanol, acetone and their aqueous mixtures (50:50 v/v). Extractions were performed with stirring at 300 rpm on a vibromix and ultrasonic bath for 15 minutes. The polyphenol content was determined spectrophotometrically using the Folin-Ciocalteu test. Antioxidant capacity was tested using the FRAP and DPPH methods. The results showed a significant effect of extraction of bioactive components using an organic solvent:water mixture in relation to the organic solvent itself. Ultrasonic extraction proved to be a more efficient technique compared to mixing at 300 rpm.Â Â
Development and characterization of catalyst materials from magnetic sand, Crotalaria pallida and kaolin
Authors: K.W Shalbugau , P.M Dass , M Iji , I Nkafamiya I , O. N. Maitera
Published: January 2022

In this study, magnetic sand and Crotalaria pallida gotten from Adamawa and Bauchi states of Nigeria, respectively, were mixed after treatment, and impregnated with kaolin using a wet impregnation method and the resulting material was characterized using scanning electron microcopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The result of XRF analysis revealed the existence of a number of dopant-like constituents in the sample, which substitute parts of important atoms in the spinel structure, however, not forming individual phases. The SEM micrographs displayed pore structures with high surface area consistent with effective catalyst materials. XRD analysis confirmed crystalline phases of the hybrid material showing typical diffraction peaks of kaolinite minerals (Al2Si2O9), Muscovite (Al12FeSi12K4NaRbH16O48), quartz, Si3O6 Calcite (Ca6C6O18) and Halite (Na4Cl4) and the average crystallite size was determined to be 75.30 nm.Â Â
Production and characterization of metallurgical coke from duduguru coal
Authors: M. Baba Nasirudeen , Zubairu Yusuf , C. Onwuka Jude , A. Ambi Ahmad
Published: January 2022

This work illustrates the production and characterization of metallurgical coke from Duduguru coal, Obi local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The analytical assessment of properties such as proximate analysis, elemental composition, and calorific value are very important to know the coking qualities of the coal. The proximate analysis showed that the moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon and calorific values of the coal are; 1.86%, 18.82%, 43.74%, 53.58% and 5405.15 Cal/g respectively. Based on the result of the proximate analysis, the coal is of good metallurgical coke quality from an industrial prospective and heat generation is to be considered. Elemental analysis shows that due to the low heavy metals, low sulfur content and ash content of the coal, utilization of the coal within a safe environment is feasible with just a little environment impact and make it suitable for blending with strong coking or caking properties.Â Â
Anionic surfactant adsorption in detergent sewage with cation ion exchange method
Authors: Fernianti Dewi , . Wisnu
Published: January 2022

Surfactant is one of chemical substances added in detergent. The surfactant type added in detergent is anionic surfactant, namely Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (ABS). Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate is a slow-degradable chemical substance due to branched chain in its structure, which causes low oxygen supply from the air due to foam covering the water surface. This condition can cause a dangerous impact for the organisms in the water.This study aimed to adsorb the anionic surfactant contained in detergent sewage using cation exchange resin. Before the adsorption process, cation resin regeneration process was performed following the standard operational procedures of PT. Pertamina RU III, Plaju using 4% H2SO4solution at regeneration time of 45 minutes. Surfactant adsorption process occurred at room temperature with resin mass variables of 50, 100, and 150 g and contact time of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 minutes. Furthermore, the surfactant content was analyzed using a spectrophotometer at 652 nm wavelength. The study analysis results showed that the adsorption process of anionic surfactant in the detergent sewage with cation ion exchange method at 50 g resin in 5 â€“ 25 minutes obtained a resin adsorption capacity of 0.72 g, while 150 g resin at 5 â€“ 25 minutes only obtained a resin adsorption capacity of 0.18 g.The best adsorption percentage was achieved from 150 g resin at a contact time of 25 minutes due to adsorbing the anionic surfactant up to 100%. Meanwhile, the closest equation assessment approach was presented fromthe Langmuir adsorption isotherm model by gaining a linear graphic at R2 = 0.9946.Â Â Â
Relevance of statement of cash flow in the measurement of corporate financial performance
Authors: D.P.I. Ph.D. Izevbigie , G.O. Ph.D. Ikhu-Omoregbe
Published: January 2022

The objective of this paper is to examine the relevance of statement of cash flow in the measurement of corporate financial performance.The methodology is secondary source through library based research and the review of relevant and extant literature, after which conclusion and recommendations were preferred.It is evident based on the review of literature that the statement of cash flows is yet to attain adequate relevance in the financial reporting environment due to some inherent problems such as lack of financial accounting literacy on the part of some non-accountant investors, the over-emphasis on the use of profit as a standard measure of performance by regulatory authorities, and limited attention given to the statement in the course of auditing financial statements. It is therefore recommended that the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (FRCN) and professional bodies should put stiffer penalties in place to reduce problem of material misstatement, so as to ensure that the cash flow figures as reported present the true and fair view. The basis of preparation of statement of cash flows should make relevant adjustment for inflation through the use of either current purchasing power approach or current cost accounting particularly for industrial organisations during the period of hyperinflation in an economy in order to increase its relevance.Â
Brand promotion cost outlay on financial performance of telecommunications industry in Nigeria
Authors: Rosemary Idamoyibo Hwerien
Published: January 2022

This study ascertained the impact of brand promotion cost outlay on financial performance of telecommunications industry in Nigeria. The research adopted ex-post facto research design and makes use of secondary sources of data. The population of the study comprised the four telecommunications network providers in Nigeria, MTN, GLO, 9Mobile, and Airtel. The study makes use of all the four telecom-munications providers in Nigeria as its sample and obtained the data from their annual financial reports. The study employed the technique of ordinary least square (OLS) based on panel regression analysis. The findings showed that AC increased by a unit percentage, the ROA decreased by -4.1 units; SC increased by a unit, the ROE decreased by -6.7 units; while CE increased by a unit, the PRM increased by -4.3 units, vise visa. The study showed a positive and significant impact of advertising cost on return on asset, positive and significant impact of sales cost on profit margin, positive and significant impact of celebrity endorsement cost on profit margin over the period. The study, therefore, concluded that there is a positive and significant impact of brand promotion cost outlay on financial performance of telecommunication industries in Nigeria.Â Â
How the inclusion of thermodynamic principles recovers economic sciences
Authors: Dobija Mieczyslaw , Renkas Jurij
Published: January 2022

So far, economics does not have a coherent theory. This condition is a consequence of the ambiguity of basic categories such as capital, labor, money, and consumption. In the traditional narrative, these categories do not have a strict scientific meaning. This situation is positively changed by the inclusion of the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, especially the famous second principle. This is the main hypothesis argued in the body of the article. The consistent use of thermodynamics made it possible to reinterpret the system of fundamental concepts, as well as to solve cognitive problems in the field of capital and labor theory and sources of profit. The results of the presented empirical research indicate the consistency of the modified economic theory.Â Â Â
Evaluation of groundwater resources within Ankpa and environ, north central Nigeria
Authors: A.O Omali , A.O Usman , Y Baba
Published: January 2022

Geophysical and Geochemical assessment of groundwater in part of Northern Anambra Basin has been evaluated. The groundwater potentials, aquifer characteristics and groundwater quality within the study area have been delineated. This is aimed is at establishing the depth to watertable and potability of the groundwater within the area. Twenty-(20) vertical electrical soundings (VES) were acquired with a maximum half current electrode spacing of 150 metres using ABEM 4000 SAS Tetrameter. Hydrogeochemical analysis was carried out using HANA Model Hi 83200 multi parameter ion specific meter to evaluate the basic anions and cations in the water samples. Piper, Durov and Schoeller semi-logarithmic plots were drawn to characterize the water types. Results from the geo-electric sections revealed the presence of five to seven geo-electric layers. The depth to water table ranges between 20m and 161.1m. The depth to Watertable is deepest around Ogene area with depth of 161.1m. The result of the geophysical analysis correlates with the borehole data acquired from the study area. Results from hydrogeochemical studies revealed that the concentrations of ions are in the order of Ca2+> Na2+>K+>Mg2+ and HCO3->NO3->SO42->Cl- in Anyigba area, Na2+>K+> Ca2+>Mg2 and Cl- >HCO3->NO3->SO42- Ankpa area while in Ejule area Mg2+>Na2+>K+> Ca2+and Cl- >HCO3->NO3->SO42-. These fall within the WHO (2006) drinking water standard. It is recommended that an average depth of 75m should be drilled for borehole within the northern part of the studied area and a depth of about 100m in the southern part of the study area. In addition, the water is recommended for domestic use.