bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SON YILLARDA GÖRÜLEN KOLONİ KAYIPLARI VE MUHTEMEL SEBEPLERİ
Authors: KAVAK Gökhan
Published: May 2018

Bu çalışmada, son yıllarda giderek artan, arı yetiştiricilerini ve dolayısı ile arıcılık sektörünü tehdit eden toplu bal arısı (Apis mellifera L.)
koloni ölümleri ve muhtemel sebepleri değerlendirilmiştir. Özellikle son 50 yıllık süreçte dünya toplam koloni sayısının %100 düzeyinde artmış olduğu ve bu artışın devam ettiğinin
bilinmesinde yarar vardır. Kış sezonlarında %10-15 seviyelerinde normal kabul edilen arı kolonisi ölümleri, bazı yıllarda %100 seviyelerine ulaşmış ve ciddi ekonomik kayıplara neden olmuştur. Toplu kayıpların nedenleri üzerine bazı hipotezler ortaya atılmış ve bunlar üzerinde araştırmalar yapılmış olmasına rağmen henüz kesin bir kanıya varılamamıştır. Son yıllardaki araştırma, gözlemlerimiz ve arı yetiştiricileri ile yaptığımız
bilgi paylaşımları sonucunda, yaşanan ölümlerin tek bir nedenden olamayacağı, kolonileri strese sokan birden fazla faktörün sinerjik etki yaratmasının sonucu olabileceği kanaatine varılmıştır. Arı biyolojisi ve koloni dinamiğinin yeterince bilinmemesi başta olmak üzere yetiştirici uygulamalarındaki hatalar, genetik varyasyonun azalması, parazit-predatör ve hastalık etmenlerinin yaygınlaşması, mevsim değişimleri, aşırı endüstriyel şeker kullanımı, cezp edici nitelikteki deterjanlar, aşırı akarisit ve antibiyotik kullanımı, tarımsal amaçlı kimyasal gübre ve pestisit kullanımı stres oluşturan temel unsurlardır. Bu etmenlerin birçoğunun aynı anda yaşanması olumsuzluğun katlanarak artmasına,
koloninin tolere edemeyeceği bir seviyeye çıkmasına, bağışıklık sisteminin
bozulmasına ve sonuç
olarak koloni çöküş sendromuna sebep olmaktadır.
IĞDIR İLİ ARICILARININ SOSYO-EKONOMİK DURUMU
Authors: KADİRHANOĞULLARI İbrahim Hakkı
Published: May 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı Iğdır ili arıcılarının demografik özelliklerini ve arıcılıkla ilgili

sorunlarını belirleyerek bunların çözümüne ve daha yüksek verim elde etmelerine katkı sağlayacak önerilerde bulunmak ve böylece arıcıların daha fazla gelir elde etmelerini sağlamaktır. Çalışmada kullanılan veriler, Iğdır İli Arıcılar Birliği’ne üye 85

arıcılık işletmesi ile tamsayım yöntemine 

göre yapılan anketlerden elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda işletmelerde Erkek İş Birimi (EİB) cinsinden ortalama

 nüfus

 3.44,  işletmeciler  20  yıllık

 iş

 tecrübesine  sahip

 olup,  yaş

 ortalamaları

 52  ve

%61.20’sinin ilköğretim düzeyinde eğitim

aldıkları belirlenmiştir. İşletmecilerin %87.06’sının arıcılık dışında ek gelirleri bulunurken, %37.60’ının asıl geçim kaynağını arıcılık oluşturmaktadır. Kışlama kayıpları ve arı hastalıkları en önemli kovan sönme sebepleridir. Üreticilerin tamamı balı doğrudan tüketiciye satmakta ve satış yıl boyunca devam etmektedir. Bal pazarlaması ile ilgili en önemli sorunlar; pazarlamada etkili olacak kooperatiflerin olmaması, hak ettiği değere satılmaması, fiyat standardizasyonunun olmamasıdır. İşletmecilerin %55.29’u borçlu, ortalama borç miktarı 8,574.11 TL ve borç kaynakları Ziraat Bankası, diğer bankalar ve şahıslardır. Arıcılığı etkileyen olumsuz faktörlerin başında olumsuz iklim şartları, ürün fiyatındaki düşme, girdi maliyetindeki artış, kışlama kayıpları, hastalık ve zararlılarla etkin bir mücadele edememe gelmektedir. Bölge arıcılarının devletten belli başlı beklentileri; arıcılıkla ilgili kooperatif kurulması, kovan başına verilen arıcılık desteğinin arttırılması ve sahte balın önlenmesine yönelik tedbirlerin alınması olarak belirlenmiştir.
ÜLKEMİZDE GÜNEY MARMARA BÖLGESİ’NDEKİ BAL ARILARINDA NOSEMA CERANAE’NİN MİKROSKOBİK VE MOLEKÜLER OLARAK BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: ÇAKMAK İbrahim
Published: May 2018

Bu çalışmada Bursa ve Balıkesir çevresindeki kolonilerde mikroskobik olarak Nosema türlerinin

varlığını belirlemek ve multipleks PCR yöntemi ile kolonilerin hangi Nosema türü (N. ceranae ve N.

apis) ile enfekte olduğunu tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Mikroskobik inceleme sonucunda, 14

koloniden 11 tanesindeki (%78,6) bireylerde Nosema sporları bulunmuş ve taranan bireylerin Nosema

ile enfekte olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu kolonilerden alınan örneklerde multipleks PCR metodu

kullanılarak moleküler tanımlama ile N. ceranae’nın 16S rRNA gen bölgesini karakterize eden bantlar

bulunmuştur. Çalışmada kolonilerin büyük çoğunluğunun N. ceranae ile enfekte olduğu tespit

edilmiştir.
BAL ARISI ZEHRİNİN KARAKTERİZASYONUNDA SDS-PAGE ELEKTROFOREZ KULLANILABİLİRLİĞİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: KOLAYLI Sevgi
Published: May 2018

Arı zehri (bee venom, apizehir) açık renkte, kokusuz, sıvı bir madde olup, keskin, acı bir tada sahip bir

peptit ve protein karışımıdır. Biyolojik aktif değeri yüksek çok sayıda peptit ve proteinden oluşan arı

zehri apiterapi uygulamaları için çok değerlidir. Kozmetikten apiterapi uygulamalarına kadar çok

sayıda kullanım alanı bulan arı zehrinin kullanılmadan önce kalitesinin test edilmesi gerekir. Arı zehri

analizi HPLC, LC-MS/MS, MALDİ-TOF gibi ileri analiz yöntemleri ve laboratuvar donanımı

gerektirmektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmada, arı zehrinin pratik ve ucuz yolla teşhis edilmesine imkân

sağlayan metot geliştirildi. Taze toplanan arı zehrinin ham protein miktarı ile sodyum dodesil sülfatpoliakrilamid

jel (SDS-PAGE) elektroforez kromatografisi yapıldı. Toplam protein miktarı %66 olarak

bulunan arı zehrinin SDS-PAGE ile üç önemli protein bandı elde edildi. Molekül ağırlıkları yaklaşık 30

ve 40 kDa iki küçük ve molekül ağırlığı yaklaşık 4 kDa olan büyük bir protein bandı elde edildi. Arı

zehrinin yaklaşık %60’ını oluşturan melittin küçük molekül kütlesinden dolayı en uzağa yürüyen bant

olup (4 kDa.dan küçük) molekül ağırlığı 30-40 kDa arasında olan iki küçük bantın hyaluronidaz,

fosfolipaz A2 enzimlerine ait oluğu tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak, SDS-PAGE elektroforez tekniği arı

zehrinin pratik olarak teşhis edilmesine uygun bir yöntem olduğu görülmektedir.
BAL ARILARINDA YAVRU ÇÜRÜKLÜĞÜ VE KİREÇ HASTALIĞINA BAĞLI KOLONİ KAYIPLARI
Authors: BORUM Ebru
Published: May 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Bursa bölgesinde 2011-2013 yıllarında yavru çürüklüğü ve kireç hastalığının
koloni kayıpları üzerine etkisini araştırarak değerlendirilmesidir. Bu çalışma, Anadolu arısı (Apis
mellifera anatoliaca) ile Uludağ Üniversitesi Arıcılık Geliştirme Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi,
Görükle kampüsü Bursa’da ilkbahar, yaz ve sonbahar dönemlerinde 200 koloni ile yapılmıştır. Tüm
koloniler 2009 yılı Eylül ayında Bursa ve ilçelerindeki sabit arıcılardan satın alınmıştır. Alınan örnekler
yavru çürüklükleri ve mantar hastalıkları yönünden incelenmiş ve koloni kayıpları açısından özellikle
kış ve ilkbahar dönemlerinde değerlendirilmiştir. Klinik ve laboratuvar bulguları ile yavru çürüklükleri
ve mantar hastalıkları incelenmiştir. 2011-2012 kış sezonunda toplam sönen kolonilerin %12.90’ında
yavru çürüklüğü, 2012-2013 kış sezonunda sönen kolonilerin ise %14’ünde yavru çürüklüğü hastalığı
belirlenmiştir. Aynı dönemde kireç hastalığı bulunan kovanların ise %16.60’ı sönmüştür. Yavru
çürüklüğü tespit edilip 2011-2012 yılı kış sezonunda sönen kolonilerin oranı %80.9, yaşayanların
oranı ise %19.10 olarak saptanmıştır. Yavru çürüklüğü belirlenen kolonilerden elde edilen suni oğul
veya bölmelerden toplam 13 koloniden 10’u kış sonrası sönmüştür. Yavru çürüğü saptanan
kolonilerin ancak %20’sinin ertesi yıla kadar yaşayabildiği görülmüştür. Bu durum yavru
çürüklüğünün bölünen kolonilerde devam ettiğini, bu kolonilerin daha sonra öldüğünü ve koloni
kayıpları açısından ne kadar önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Yavru çürüklüğü görülen analardan
elde edilen ya da bölünen yeni kovanlarda da hastalık bulguları görülmüş ve bazı kovanlar
sönmüştür. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma ile özellikle yavru çürüklüğünün tek başına ya da birlikte koloni
kayıplarına sebep olduğu ve ana arının genetik yapısının da hastalık görülmesinde etkili olduğu
düşünülmektedir
Ultrasound estimated bladder weight in the detection and post-operative follow-up of bladder outflow obstruction
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Shafiqur , Khairuzzaman Mohammad , Islam Mohammad Saiful , Kabir Muhammad Humayun , Ahmed Faika Farah
Published: May 2018

This study was performed to standardize the ultrasound estimated bladder weight as an additional non-invasive test for the measurement of the bladder outflow obstruction and to measure the therapeutic effects of bladder outflow obstruction in the follow-up after surgical correction of obstruction. This study was conducted from December 2012 to May 2014 where the sample size was 55 and sampling technique was purposive. In bladder outflow obstruction patient, transabdominal sonography was performed using a 7.5 MHz. probe. The anterior bladder wall thickness was measured in three points in the midline 1 cm apart and the average value was recorded. After that bladder volume was measured by ultrasonogram. In pre- and post-operative groups ultrasound estimated bladder weight was measured from bladder wall thickness and bladder volume. In this study, the mean ± SD of age was 48.8 ± 15.0 years. In bladder outflow obstruction patient, the pre-operative ultrasound estimated bladder weight was 117 ± 45.1 g which was reduced to 53.9 ± 10.8 g three months after surgical correction of obstruction. The ultrasound estimated bladder weight is a non-invasive, cheap and easily available additional diagnostic tool for detecting bladder outflow obstruction as well as it can measure the therapeutic effects in post-operative period.
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy with or without nephrostomy tube
Authors: Hossain Mohammed Aulad , Ali S. M. Yunus , Islam Mohammad Saiful , Alam Mohammad Jahangir , Sayed Mollah Md. Abu , Alom A. K. M. Khurshidul
Published: May 2018

The study has been designed to compare the outcome of percutaneous nephrolithotomy with (Group A) or without nephrostomy tube (Group B) for the management of renal stone disease. JJ stents were given to all cases of both groups. Comparison of outcome between groups shows that urinary leakage time was significantly longer in Group B than that in Group A (24.0 ± 6.2 vs 7.3 ± 3.9 hours;  p<0.001). Visual analogue pain score was also significantly high in Group B than in Group A (4.7 ± 0.8 vs 2.4 ± 0.5; p<0.035). Patients in Group B stayed in hospital on an average 4 days, while the Group A patients stayed in hospital on an average 2.5 days (p<0.029). The mean hemoglobin decrease in 24 hours in Group B and in Group A (0.5 ± 0.4 and 0.5 ± 0.4 respectively) did not show any significant difference (p<0.895). In conclusion, percutaneous nephrolithotomy without nephrostomy tube can be practiced in the management of selective cases of renal stones diseases.
Estimation of paracetamol in urine to assess the diurnal variation
Authors: Bhowmik Mithun Chandro , Misbahuddin Mir , Bhuiyan Habiba Akhter
Published: May 2018

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diurnal variation of the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol by estimating the urinary free paracetamol level after single oral administration of paracetamol (500 mg) tablet to 24 healthy male volunteers (students of a Medical College). The volunteers were given paracetamol tablet at 0800, 1400 and 2000 hours in three different days (two weeks apart) and the urine samples of the volunteers were collected at just before and four hours after paracetamol administration. The samples were analyzed for free paracetamol using HPLC. The mean age was 21.1 ± 1.3 years and the body weight was 63.9 ± 10.9 kg. Three peaks were detected in the HPLC and one of them was identified for free paracetamol (RT= 4.7 min). The urine volume was nearly similar in all three times. After administration at 0800 hour, total free paracetamol excretion was significantly more than at 1400 and 2000 hours (p<0.001). The present study indicates that the dose reduction of paracetamol is required at morning than the afternoon or evening dose.
Analgesic Effects of Pre-induction Low-dose Ketamine on Post-tonsillectomy Patients
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Delwar , Mallick Md Torab , Hossain Mohammad Kamal
Published: May 2018

Background: Post-operative pain management aims to decrease pain intensity with patient comfort and to improve post-operative outcome. Multimodal analgesia is currently recommended for effective post-operative pain control with lower total doses of analgesics and fewer side effects.Objective: To compare the analgesic effect of pre-induction low-dose ketamine against conventional general anaesthesia.Materials and Methods: This prospective comparative study was conducted over a period of 12 months at Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka. Two hundred and forty patients of either sex requiring tonsillectomy were divided into two groups: conventional general anaesthesia (control group) and general anaesthesia with low-dose ketamine (ketamine group). Non-invasive blood pressure, heart rate and SpO2 were recorded at regular intervals throughout the anaesthetic period. Post-operative analgesia was provided for both the groups using pethidine intramuscularly. Time to complete operation, pain intensity, time to request for first analgesia were noted and total opioid consumption and complications, if any occurred in 24 hours post-operatively, were also recorded and addressed accordingly.Results: The demographic data and mean operation time were similar in both the groups (p>0.05).Time to request for first analgesia was longer in lowdose ketamine group (mean ± SD 5.36±3.21 hours) than in control group (mean ± SD 2.49±1.53 hours) (p<0.05). Total dosage of pethidine consumption over 24 hours period was less in ketamine group with satisfactory pain relief (mean ± SD 98.73±2.60 mg) than in control group (mean ± SD 142.52±3.48 mg) (p<0.05). Post-operative complications were also less in ketamine group than control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: The result of this study suggests that pre-induction low-dose ketamine has pre-emptive analgesic effect and reduces overall post-operative opioid requirements.J Enam Med Col 2018; 8(2): 74-79
Pattern of Sputum Bacteriology in Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Rashid Md Haroon Ur , Ahmed Iftikhar
Published: May 2018

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acute exacerbation is an acute and sustained worsening of a patient’s condition from a stable state (beyond normal day-to-day variations) and it is caused in majority by infectious agents, particularly bacteria.Objectives: The aim of this study was to find out the pattern of sputum bacteriology and antibiotic sensitivity in patients admitted into respiratory ward of Enam Medical College Hospital (EMCH) with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD).Materials and Methods: This study included 60 patients who presented with acute exacerbation of COPD. The patients were classified into several groups according to different variables, such as age, pack years, severity, O2 saturation on admission, sputum type. Bacteriological investigations were performed for all patients and included gram staining together with culture and sensitivity testing of all sputum samples.Results: Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common isolate in patients with COPD exacerbations admitted into the respiratory ward of Enam Medical College & Hospital followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Three cases of Pseudomonus aeruginosa were detected. Gentamicin and meropenem were the most sensitive antibiotics in all patient groups in the ward. Majority of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to ceftriaxone, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin.Conclusion: This study reveals that gentamicin, ceftriaxone and moxifloxacin can be the drugs of choice in treating AECOPD in our setting.J Enam Med Col 2018; 8(2): 80-84
Rheumatological Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus ─ An Update
Authors: Neki NS , Singh Riponjot , Aloona Satpal , Singh Bhupinder , Walia Sargun Singh , Dhanju Amandeep Singh
Published: May 2018

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic condition and a major public health problem. It is associated with many musculoskeletal manifestations which are usually under-recognized and poorly treated, as compared to other complications like neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy. These manifestations affect the joints, soft tissues and the bones leading to alterations in musculoskeletal system of the patient. This article reviews the major rheumatological problems of diabetes mellitus including their management.J Enam Med Col 2018; 8(2): 94-100
Juvenile Onset Clinically Amyopathic Dermatomyositis Presenting as Calcinosis Cutis
Authors: Verma Kuldeep , Gupta Mudita , Thakur Saru
Published: May 2018

Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder characterized by involvement of muscles and skin. Classical dermatomyositis (CDM) patients display the hallmark cutaneous manifestations of dermatomyositis (DM), proximal muscle weakness, and laboratory evidence of myositis. Rarely, DM presents with cutaneous features of the disease without muscle involvement for a period of more than six months. Such cases are classified into a category of clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) which includes amyopathic DM and hypomyopathic DM. We present a case of a 14-year-old child who presented with calcinosis cutis and cutaneous findings suggestive of the disease without muscle involvement. The child was diagnosed as a case of juvenile onset CADM.J Enam Med Col 2018; 8(2): 101-104
GeoFIS: An Open Source, Decision-Support Tool for Precision Agriculture Data
Authors: Leroux Corentin , Jones Hazaël , Pichon Léo , Guillaume Serge , Lamour Julien , Taylor James , Naud Olivier , Crestey Thomas , Lablee Jean-Luc , Tisseyre Bruno
Published: May 2018

The world we live in is an increasingly spatial and temporal data-rich environment, and agriculture is no exception. However, data needs to be processed in order to first get information and then make informed management decisions. The concepts of ‘Precision Agriculture’ and ‘Smart Agriculture’ are and will be fully effective when methods and tools are available to practitioners to support this transformation. An open-source software called GeoFIS has been designed with this objective. It was designed to cover the whole process from spatial data to spatial information and decision support. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the abilities of GeoFIS along with its embedded algorithms to address the main features required by farmers, advisors, or spatial analysts when dealing with precision agriculture data. Three case studies are investigated in the paper: (i) mapping of the spatial variability in the data, (ii) evaluation and cross-comparison of the opportunity for site-specific management in multiple fields, and (iii) delineation of within-field zones for variable-rate applications when these latter are considered opportune. These case studies were applied to three contrasting crop types, banana, wheat and vineyards. These were chosen to highlight the diversity of applications and data characteristics that might be handled with GeoFIS. For each case-study, up-to-date algorithms arising from research studies and implemented in GeoFIS were used to process these precision agriculture data. Areas for future development and possible relations with existing geographic information systems (GIS) software is also discussed.
Research on Grooved Concrete Pavement Based on the Durability of Its Anti-Skid Performance
Authors: Zheng Mulian , Tian Yanjuan , Wang Xiaoping , Peng Ping
Published: May 2018

The objectives of the present study are to investigate the anti-skid performance of concrete pavement and to attempt to enhance its durability by two different methods: using a longitudinally-transversely grooved (LT) form, and using a self-developed composite curing agent containing paraffin and Na2SiO3 as the main ingredients. The friction coefficient (μ) was measured by self-developed equipment to evaluate the anti-skid performance of samples with three different groove forms (LT, longitudinally grooved (L), and transversely grooved (T)). Abrasion tests were then carried out to evaluate the durability of the anti-skid performance. The results indicated that anti-skid performance of LT samples was approximately 46.2% greater than that of T samples, but its durability was not as significant as that of T samples. However, the resistance to abrasion could be improved by using the aforementioned curing agent. Comparisons were carried out between samples sprayed the curing agent and control samples without any curing agent under standard conditions. It was found that the application of the curing agent increased the anti-skid durability of concrete by 35.4%~47.8%, proving it to be a useful and promising technique.
Reliability Study on FRP Composites Exposed to Wet-Dry Cycles
Authors: Liang Hongjun , Li Shan , Lu Yiyan , Yang Ting
Published: May 2018

Due to lack of research data on the rates of deterioration of FRP properties under a harsh environment exposure, it was pointed out in the design guidelines that the durability of FRP needs to be further developed. Therefore, in this study, 48 FRP samples were tested under wet-dry cycles exposure. The effect of wet-dry cycling times on the failure modes, tensile strength, and the probability distribution of different FRP (GFRP and CFRP) composite specimens were investigated. The experimental results showed that the wet-dry cycles have a significant adverse influence on the tensile strength, have a certain adverse effect on the elongation, and a very limited influence on the elastic modulus of FRP. According to the experimental results, a probability analysis was conducted on the degradation of tensile strength. Five widely used test methods were adopted to verify the possible distribution types of tensile strength, and a reliability index β was then calculated. Subsequently, the effects of the design tensile strengths of ACI-440, TR-55, GB 50608-2010, GB 50367-2013, European Fib Bulletin 14 and Italian CNR guidelines on the β were investigated. The investigation illustrates that only the design value of the TR-55 code can guarantee sufficient long-term safety of a CFRP composite, whereas all the six codes cannot guarantee the long-term safety of a GFRP composite and the partial safety factors in these codes are still not conservative. Therefore, a more conservative safety factor was suggested. Moreover, the design value of tensile strength needs to be further conservative when the standard deviation of the load is large.
Researching Cultural Objects and Manuscripts in a Small Country: The Finnish Experience of Raising Awareness of Art Crime
Authors: Thomas Suzie , Bonnie Rick , Dixon Helen , Immonen Visa
Published: May 2018

In this article we shed light on the position of Finland in conversations on the movement of unprovenanced cultural objects, within the national, the Nordic and the global contexts. Finland’s geopolitical position, as a “hard border” of the European Union neighbouring the Russian Federation, and its current legislative provisions, which do not include import regulations, mean that it has the potential to be significant in understanding the movement of cultural property at transnational levels. In particular, we outline a recent initiative started at the University of Helsinki to kick-start a national debate on ethical working with cultural objects and manuscripts. We analyse exploratory research on current awareness and opinion within Finland, and summarize our current work to produce robust research ethics to guide scholars working in Finland. Although Finland has a small population and is usually absent from international discussions on the illicit movement of cultural property (save a few exceptions), we argue that it is still possible—and important—for scholars and others in Finland to affect policy and attitudes concerning art crime, provenance, and the role of stakeholders such as decision-makers, traders and the academy.
Developing a Decision Support System (DSS) for a Dental Manufacturing Production Line Based on Data Mining
Authors: Cheng Yu-Jie , Chen Ming-Huang , Cheng Fu-Chi , Cheng Yu-Chi , Lin Yu-Sheng , Yang Cheng-Jung
Published: May 2018

In this study, an Industry 4.0 framework-based decision support system (DSS) was developed using a combination of wireless network and RFID identification technology to manage a production line in a traditional dental manufacturing lab. The motivation was to prevent mistakes from manual recording, to remotely monitor the working hours of employees in manufacturing processes via internet, and to evaluate the rationality of the employee’s working hours. In the DSS, four network nodes were established to track four important manufacturing processes of digital dentistry. In each of these processes, the time spent by the dental technician was recorded by scanning their ID cards. All information was simultaneously uploaded to a databank in the cloud and analyzed by the computer software MATLAB. These programs evaluated the rationality of employees’ working hours in each of the monitored processes, which can help managers to follow up or improve the process efficiency.
Spatial Estimation of Thermal Indices in Urban Areas—Basics of the SkyHelios Model
Authors: Fröhlich Dominik , Matzarakis Andreas
Published: May 2018

Thermal perception and stress for humans can be best estimated based on appropriate indices. Sophisticated thermal indices, e.g., the Perceived Temperature (PT), the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), or the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) do require the meteorological input parameters air temperature ( T a ), vapour pressure ( V P ), wind speed (v), as well as the different short- and longtime radiation fluxes summarized as the mean radiant temperature ( T m r t ). However, in complex urban environments, especially v and T m r t are highly volatile in space. They can, thus, only be estimated by micro-scale models. One easy way to apply the model for the determination of thermal indices within urban environments is the advanced SkyHelios model. It is designed to estimate sky view factor ( S V F ), sunshine duration, global radiation, wind speed, wind direction, T m r t considering reflections, as well as the three thermal indices PT, UTCI, and PET spatially and temporarily resolved with low computation time.
Development of a Distributed Modeling Framework to Estimate Thermal Comfort along 2020 Tokyo Olympic Marathon Course
Authors: Hirabayashi Satoshi , Abe Tsutomu , Imamura Fumiko , Morioka Chie
Published: May 2018

Heat stress is an issue for marathon races in the summer, such as the one planned for the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympic games. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government is planning to grow existing street trees’ canopies to enlarge their shade to reduce air temperature and solar radiation. To formulate a baseline to assess the effect of street trees and buildings on human thermal comfort, Distributed-COMfort FormulA (D-COMFA), a prototype of a distributed computer model using a geographic information system (GIS) was developed. D-COMFA calculates the energy budget of a human body on a 1 m cell basis, using readily available datasets such as weather measurements and polygon data for street structures. D-COMFA was applied to a street segment along the marathon course in Tokyo on an hourly-basis on 9 August 2016, the hottest day in Tokyo in 2016. Our case study showed that the energy budget was positively related to the sky view factor, air temperature, and solar radiation. The energy budget was reduced on average by 26–62% in the shade throughout the day.
Metabolomics in Radiation-Induced Biological Dosimetry: A Mini-Review and a Polyamine Study
Authors: Roh Changhyun
Published: May 2018

In this study, we elucidate that polyamine metabolite is a powerful biomarker to study post-radiation changes. Metabolomics in radiation biodosimetry, the application of a metabolomics analysis to the field of radiobiology, promises to increase the understanding of biological responses by ionizing radiation (IR). Radiation exposure triggers a complex network of molecular and cellular responses that impacts metabolic processes and alters the levels of metabolites. Such metabolites have potential as biomarkers for radiation dosimetry. Among metabolites, polyamine is one of many potential biomarkers to estimate radiation response. In addition, this review provides an opportunity for the understanding of a radiation metabolomics in biodosimetry and a polyamine case study.
New Carrier Made from Glass Nanofibres for the Colorimetric Biosensor of Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Authors: Matějovský Lukáš , Pitschmann Vladimír
Published: May 2018

Cholinesterase inhibitors are widely used as pesticides in agriculture, but also form a group of organophosphates known as nerve chemical warfare agents. This calls for close attention regarding their detection, including the use of various biosensors. One such biosensor made in the Czech Republic is the Detehit, which is based on a cholinesterase reaction that is assessed using a colour indicator—the Ellman’s reagent—which is anchored on cellulose filter paper together with the substrate. With the use of this biosensor, detection is simple, quick, and sensitive. However, its disadvantage is that a less pronounced yellow discoloration occurs, especially under difficult light conditions. As a possible solution, a new indicator/substrate carrier has been designed. It is made of glass nanofibres, so the physical characteristics of the carrier positively influence reaction conditions, and as a result improve the colour response of the biosensor. The authors present and discuss some of the results of the study of this carrier under various experimental conditions. These findings have been used for the development of a modified Detehit biosensor.
Clinical Importance of Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Cancer
Authors: Nishikawa Jun , Iizasa Hisashi , Yoshiyama Hironori , Shimokuri Kanami , Kobayashi Yuki , Sasaki Sho , Nakamura Munetaka , Yanai Hideo , Sakai Kohei , Suehiro Yutaka , Yamasaki Takahiro , Sakaida Isao
Published: May 2018

Epstein–Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) is the most common malignancy caused by EBV infection. EBVaGC has definite histological characteristics similar to gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma. Clinically, EBVaGC has a significantly low frequency of lymph node metastasis compared with EBV-negative gastric cancer, resulting in a better prognosis. The Cancer Genome Atlas of gastric adenocarcinomas proposed a molecular classification divided into four molecular subtypes: (1) EBVaGC; (2) microsatellite instability; (3) chromosomal instability; and (4) genomically stable tumors. EBVaGC harbors a DNA methylation phenotype, PD-L1 and PD-L2 overexpression, and frequent alterations in the PIK3CA gene. We review clinical importance of EBVaGC and discuss novel therapeutic applications for EBVaGC.
Effects of Habitat Structure, Plant Cover, and Successional Stage on the Bat Assemblage of a Tropical Dry Forest at Different Spatial Scales
Authors: Falcão Luiz A. D. , Espírito-Santo Mário M. , Fernandes G. W. , Paglia Adriano P.
Published: May 2018

Bats play a fundamental role in ecosystem functioning since they are responsible for several ecological services such as seed dispersal and pollination. Therefore, assessing the effects of habitat structure at different scales on the bat assemblage is extremely important for supporting conservation strategies. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of habitat structure at multiple spatial scales on the bat assemblages and their variation along a gradient of secondary succession in a Brazilian tropical dry forest. Our results suggest that bat abundance is higher in areas close to mature forests, which shows the important role of those habitats as refuges for the regional bat fauna (in a fragmented landscape) and for the maintenance of ecosystem services provided by this group in tropical dry forests in a landscape context. In addition, bat abundance was lower in protected areas whose surroundings were better preserved (greater forest extension). This unexpected finding could result from an altered behavior in areas under a strong influence of a fruit crop matrix. Finally, we showed that the effects of the surroundings depend on the successional stage of the area under analysis. Late forests are more susceptible to variations in the forest cover in their surroundings, which show the higher fragility of these environments.
Entropy Generation Minimization for Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) Reactors
Authors: Zhang Lei , Chen Lingen , Xia Shaojun , Wang Chao , Sun Fengrui
Published: May 2018

Thermal design and optimization for reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reactors is particularly important to fuel synthesis in naval or commercial scenarios. The RWGS reactor with irreversibilities of heat transfer, chemical reaction and viscous flow is studied based on finite time thermodynamics or entropy generation minimization theory in this paper. The total entropy generation rate (EGR) in the RWGS reactor with different boundary conditions is minimized subject to specific feed compositions and chemical conversion using optimal control theory, and the optimal configurations obtained are compared with three reference reactors with linear, constant reservoir temperature and constant heat flux operations, which are commonly used in engineering. The results show that a drastic EGR reduction of up to 23% can be achieved by optimizing the reservoir temperature profile, the inlet temperature of feed gas and the reactor length simultaneously, compared to that of the reference reactor with the linear reservoir temperature. These optimization efforts are mainly achieved by reducing the irreversibility of heat transfer. Optimal paths have subsections of relatively constant thermal force, chemical force and local EGR. A conceptual optimal design of sandwich structure for the compact modular reactor is proposed, without elaborate control tools or excessive interstage equipment. The results can provide guidelines for designing industrial RWGS reactors in naval or commercial scenarios.
In Deep Analysis on the Behavior of Grape Marc Constituents during Hydrothermal Carbonization
Authors: Basso Daniele , Weiss-Hortala Elsa , Patuzzi Francesco , Baratieri Marco , Fiori Luca
Published: May 2018

Grape marc is a residue of the wine-making industry, nowadays not always effectively valorized. It consists of grape seeds (mostly lignocellulosic) and grape skins (mostly holocellulosic). In order to understand possible correlations between seeds and skins in forming hydrochar for it to be used as a solid biofuel, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) was applied separately to grape marc and its constituents. HTC was performed at several process conditions (temperature: 180, 220 and 250 °C; reaction time: 0.5, 1, 3 and 8 h), in order to collect data on the three phases formed downstream of the process: solid (hydrochar), liquid and gas. An in deep analytical characterization was performed: ultimate analysis and calorific value for hydrochar, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Inductively Coupled Plasma (IPC) analyses for liquid phase, composition for gas phase. In previous works, the same experimental apparatus was used to treat residual biomass, obtaining interesting results in terms of possible hydrochar exploitation as a solid biofuel. Thus, the main objectives of this work were both to get results for validating the hypothesis to apply HTC to this feedstock, and to collect data for subsequent theoretical investigations. Moreover, a severity model was developed to allow a predictive description of the hydrochar yield as a function of a unique parameter condensing both temperature and reaction time effects. The results obtained demonstrate that this process can upgrade wet residues into a solid biofuel ad that the process can be satisfactorily described in terms of a severity factor.
Applications of Complex Network Analysis in Electric Power Systems
Authors: Saleh Mahmoud , Esa Yusef , Mohamed Ahmed
Published: May 2018

This paper provides a review of the research conducted on complex network analysis (CAN) in electric power systems. Moreover, a new approach is presented to find optimal locations for microgrids (MGs) in electric distribution systems (EDS) utilizing complex network analysis. The optimal placement in this paper points to the location that will result in enhanced grid resilience, reduced power losses and line loading, better voltage stability, and a supply to critical loads during a blackout. The criteria used to point out the optimal placement of the MGs were predicated on the centrality analysis selected from the complex network theory, the center of mass (COM) concept from physics, and the recently developed controlled delivery grid (CDG) model. An IEEE 30 bus network was utilized as a case study. Results using MATLAB (MathWorks, Inc., Nattick, MA, USA) and PowerWorld (PowerWorld Corporation, Champaign, IL, USA) demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach for MGs placement.
A Robust Suboptimal Current Control of an Interlink Converter for a Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid
Authors: Fitri Ismi Rosyiana , Kim Jung-Su , Song Hwachang
Published: May 2018

A hybrid AC/DC microgrid is established with the aim of exploiting numerous types of renewable energy to meet the needs of different loads. The microgrid is decomposed by AC DC sub-grids which are connected by an interlink converter (IC). To maintain the security and reliability of the microgrid, an automatic controller for the interlink converter is needed. In this paper, we propose a Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI)-based current control method for the interlink converter. As the main features here, the interlink converter permits bidirectional power exchange between both sub-grids when a power–demand imbalance occurs in one sub-grid regardless of the converter system parameters. Simulations with various filter parameters are performed using the Matlab/Simulink software to validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller. In comparison with the existing Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR)-based current control, the proposed method is more robust against unknown system parameters and high load perturbation.
Multi-Objective Optimization of the Envelope of Building with Natural Ventilation
Authors: Grygierek Krzysztof , Ferdyn-Grygierek Joanna
Published: May 2018

A properly designed house should provide occupants with the high level of thermal comfort at low energy demand. On many occasions investors choose to add additional insulation to the buildings to reduce heat demand. This may lead to overheating of the building without a cooling system in summer periods (these prevail in Poland). Additionally, it affects the deterioration of thermal comfort, which can only be improved by increasing ventilation. The paper presents the multi-objective optimization of the selected design parameters in a single-family building in temperate climate conditions. The influence of four types of windows, their size, building orientation, insulation of external wall, roof and ground floor and infiltration on the life cycle costs and thermal comfort is analyzed for the building without cooling. Infiltration changes during the simulation and is controlled by a special controller. Its task is to imitate the behavior of occupants in changing the supply airflow. Optimal selection of the design parameters is carried out using Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) by coupling the building performance simulation program EnergyPlus with optimization environment. For the single-family house, optimal values of design variables for three different criteria are presented.
Performance Analysis of Permanent Magnet Motors for Electric Vehicles (EV) Traction Considering Driving Cycles
Authors: Huynh Thanh Anh , Hsieh Min-Fu
Published: May 2018

This paper evaluates the electromagnetic and thermal performance of several traction motors for electric vehicles (EVs). Two different driving cycles are employed for the evaluation of the motors, one for urban and the other for highway driving. The electromagnetic performance to be assessed includes maximum motor torque output for vehicle acceleration and the flux weakening capability for wide operating range under current and voltage limits. Thermal analysis is performed to evaluate the health status of the magnets and windings for the prescribed driving cycles. Two types of traction motors are investigated: two interior permanent magnet motors and one permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motor. The analysis results demonstrate the benefits and disadvantages of these motors for EV traction and provide suggestions for traction motor design. Finally, experiments are conducted to validate the analysis.
Computing Active Power Losses Using a Mathematical Model of a Regulated Street Luminaire
Authors: Sikora Roman , Markiewicz Przemysław , Pabjańczyk Wiesława
Published: May 2018

Before the use of regulated street luminaires with variable power and luminous flux, computations were performed using constant values for their electrical and photometric parameters. At present, where such lighting is in use, it is no longer possible to base calculations on such assumptions. Computations of energy and power losses, for example, need to be performed for all dimming levels and based on the applied regulation algorithm. Based on measurements carried out on regulated luminaires, it was found that certain electrical parameters have a nonlinear dependence on the dimming level. Electrical parameters were also observed to depend on the value of the supply voltage. The results of the measurements are presented in this article. Failure to take account of power losses in computations of the energy efficiency of street lighting in accordance with the applicable EN 13201 standard causes values of energy efficiency indicators to be overstated. Power loss computations are presented in this article for a sample street lighting system with regulated luminaires, for the whole range of dimming levels and additionally for fluctuations of ±10% in the supply voltage. In addition, a mathematical model of a regulated luminaire is constructed with the use of regression methods, and a practical application of that model is described.
Improved Genetic Algorithm-Based Unit Commitment Considering Uncertainty Integration Method
Authors: Jo Kyu-Hyung , Kim Mun-Kyeom
Published: May 2018

In light of the dissemination of renewable energy connected to the power grid, it has become necessary to consider the uncertainty in the generation of renewable energy as a unit commitment (UC) problem. A methodology for solving the UC problem is presented by considering various uncertainties, which are assumed to have a normal distribution, by using a Monte Carlo simulation. Based on the constructed scenarios for load, wind, solar, and generator outages, a combination of scenarios is found that meets the reserve requirement to secure the power balance of the power grid. In those scenarios, the uncertainty integration method (UIM) identifies the best combination by minimizing the additional reserve requirements caused by the uncertainty of power sources. An integration process for uncertainties is formulated for stochastic unit commitment (SUC) problems and optimized by the improved genetic algorithm (IGA). The IGA is composed of five procedures and finds the optimal combination of unit status at the scheduled time, based on the determined source data. According to the number of unit systems, the IGA demonstrates better performance than the other optimization methods by applying reserve repairing and an approximation process. To account for the result of the proposed method, various UC strategies are tested with a modified 24-h UC test system and compared.
Impact of Risk Aversion on the Operation of Hydroelectric Reservoirs in the Presence of Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: Jovanović Nenad , García-González Javier , Cerisola Santiago , Barquín Julián
Published: May 2018

The increasing share of renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar generation, has a direct impact on the planning and operation of power systems. In addition, the consideration of risk criteria within the decision support tools used by market participants (generation companies, energy services companies, and arbitrageurs) is becoming a common activity given the increasing level of uncertainties faced by them. As a consequence, the behavior of market participants is affected by their level of risk aversion, and the application of equilibrium-based models is a common technique used in order to simulate their behavior. This paper presents a multi-stage market equilibrium model of risk-averse agents in order to analyze up to what extent the operation of hydro reservoirs can be affected by the risk-averse profile of market participants in a context of renewable energy source penetration and fuel price volatility.
A Comprehensive Study of Dynamic and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Droplet Impact on Micro-Scale Rectangular Grooved Surface
Authors: Yan Zhe , Li Yan
Published: May 2018

Micro-scale structure of impact surface has a significant effect on the droplet impact. In this study, a three-dimensional numerical model of the droplet impact on micro-scale rectangular grooved surface was established based on coupled level set and volume of fluid (CLSVOF) method. Furthermore, the evolution of droplet morphology was experimentally studied and the validation of numerical model was carried out. The effects of groove width, contact angle, impact velocity and surface temperature on dynamic and heat transfer characteristics of droplet impact at low Weber numbers were numerically investigated. The anisotropy coefficient is defined to investigate the anisotropy of droplet morphology caused by the micro-scale grooved structure. The numerical results show that vertical spreading diameter is less than parallel spreading diameter, and the anisotropy of droplet morphology tends to reduce gradually with increasing contact angle. Both dynamic and heat transfer characteristics of droplet impact are the coupling effect of contact angle and groove width. The analysis of wettability state is utilized to illuminate the heat transfer characteristics of grooved surface. The maximum heat transfer rate of grooved surface increases with increasing impact velocity and surface temperature, and it decreases with increasing contact angle.