bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Small Caliber Intramedullary Nails for Tibial Shaft Fractures
Authors: Tse Shannon , Saade Aziz , Simister Samuel K. , McKeithan Lydia J. , White Micaela , Dejenie Rebeka , Brooks Branden , Bhale Rahul , Campbell Sean T. , Fitzpatrick Ellen , Soles Gillian L. , Lee Mark A. , Saiz Augustine M.
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Tibial shaft fractures, frequently treated with intramedullary nailing (IMN), are high-risk fractures of nonunion. The effect of intramedullary nail diameter on fracture union reduction remains an area of investigation, with many surgeons anecdotally preferring to place at least a 10-mm tibial nail. We hypothesized that small-caliber nails (SCNs) (diameter ≤9 mm) are safe to use and have no difference in complication rates compared with large-caliber nails (LCNs) (≥10 mm).

Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted on patients with tibial shaft fractures undergoing reamed IMN at a level 1 trauma center between 2018 and 2022. Patient and injury characteristics, intramedullary nail diameter, surgical details, and postoperative complication rates were recorded. Nail and intramedullary canal width at the isthmus on coronal radiographs determined the nail-canal ratio. Radiographic coronal and sagittal displacement, angulations between fracture segments, and coronal plane tibial mechanical axis were evaluated on latest radiographs.

Results:

Among 113 patients, 68 received SCN while 45 received LCN. No difference was observed in the nail-canal ratio between the SCN and LCN groups, indicating that smaller nails were used for smaller canals. No significant demographic differences were noted between groups. LCNs were more prevalent in (AO Foundation/Orthopaedic Trauma Association classification) AO/OTA 42C (P = 0.03) and Gustilo-Anderson type III fractures (P = 0.05). The LCN group had higher rates of revision surgery (20% vs. 5.9%, P = 0.03) and wound dehiscence (8.9% vs. 0%, P = 0.02). Gustilo-Anderson IIIA fractures were independently associated with poorer outcomes overall. Radiographic parameters were comparable between groups.

Conclusions:

Small-diameter and large-diameter reamed intramedullary nails can be effective in treating tibial shaft fractures. Nail-canal ratios and alignment were similar between the two groups, suggesting that surgeons should not feel obligated to ream to a 10-mm nail in a smaller patient with a well-reduced fracture.
The Role of Digital Banking Facilities in Supporting the Mining Industry in Indonesia
Authors: Permana Riko Mersandro
Published: February 2025

The mining industry in Indonesia plays an important role in the country's economy. To support this sector's smooth operation and growth, digital banking facilities are increasingly becoming an important element in transaction processes and financial management. This study aims to analyze the role of digital banking facilities in supporting the mining industry, focusing on transaction efficiency, ease of access to funding, and enhanced transparency and security. Based on qualitative research and data collected through literature studies, this article finds that digital banking facilities significantly contribute to modernizing the Indonesian mining industry. The existence of these facilities helps mining companies to expedite payment processes, minimize financial risks, and enhance operational efficiency.
The Effect of The Implementation of Project Based Learning (PjBL) Model on Science Learning Outcomes of The 8th Grader
Authors: Fitri Annisa Nur , Zahra Firda Az , Fatmawati Fatmawati , Yanto Febri , Oktavia Rani
Published: February 2025

This study aims to determine the effect of the application of the Project Based Learning model on the learning outcomes of the 8th grader at SMP Negeri 32 Padang on the digestive system and respiratory system. This type of research is a Quasi Experiment with a research design that is Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population of the study covers all of the 8th grader at SMP Negeri 32 Padang which consists of 7 classes. The samples in this study were class VIII.6 as the control class and VIII.7 as the experimental class. The sampling technique used is Purposive Sampling. The instrument of this research is a Pre test – Post test question in the form of objective questions as many as 20 questions. The data that has been obtained is then analyzed using prerequisite tests, namely normality test and homogeneity test, then hypothesis testing is carried out. Based on the hypothesis test that has been carried out, the results of hypothesis testing calculations were obtained with the help of Microsoft excel using the t test technique with a significant level of 5%. The tcount ≥ ttable value is 2.56 ≥ 2.00, meaning that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. So, it can be concluded that the implementation of the Project Based Learning learning model has a significant effect on student learning outcomes at SMP Negeri 32 Padang
Membangun Manajemen Pendidikan Islam yang Adaptif: Integrasi Nilai Moral dalam Pembentukan Karakter Siswa
Authors: Aji Swasono Pangestu , Miftakhussurur Miftakhussurur
Published: February 2025

This study analyzes the gap between academic achievement and moral character development in Islamic education, focusing on the integration of life values as the foundation for developing theories and practices in Islamic education management. The research employed a library research method, utilizing data sources such as journal articles, books, and relevant research reports. Data collection techniques involved selecting literature based on topic relevance, source credibility, and validity. Data analysis was conducted using analytical and synthetic methods to identify patterns, concepts, and research gaps. The findings reveal significant challenges in Islamic education, including insufficient teacher training, limited value-based curricula, and the impact of globalization and social media, which have contributed to a decline in students' moral values. Although value-based approaches have proven conceptually effective in building students' character, practical implementation continues to face systemic barriers. This study emphasizes the importance of curriculum reform and the development of value-based educational management models that are adaptive to modern needs while maintaining Islamic identity. It provides a robust conceptual foundation for further comprehensive research to create relevant, holistic, and morally-oriented Islamic education systems
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif TPS Terhadap Keterampilan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa Kelas III SD
Authors: Febriyani Febi , Isrok’atun Isrok’atun , Irawati Riana
Published: February 2025

This study aims to determine the influence of the Think Pair Share (TPS) cooperative learning model on the mathematical communication skills of elementary school students. This study uses a quasi-experimental method and a pretest-posttest group design.  The population of this study is all students at SDN Gudang Kopi Sumedang, while the sample of this study is 31 students taken by cluster random sampling technique. Data is collected through written tests and observations during the learning process. The data produced was analyzed in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results showed that students' mathematical communication skills improved after learning with the TPS model. The average pretest score was 54.8, which increased to 80.3 in the posttest, with a gain value of 0.67, categorized as moderate. Observations also indicated that students were more active when working individually, discussing with a partner, and sharing discussion results in front of the class. In conclusion, the TPS learning model was proven effective in enhancing students' mathematical communication skills. This model can be an option for teachers to create interactive learning and actively engage students, particularly in mathematics learning at the elementary school level.
Pengaruh Pendidikan Akhlak terhadap Perilaku Siswa di Sekolah MAN 3 Medan
Authors: Aidin Winda , Jannah Raudhatul , Sagala Ardin Rizky Andre , Nasution Abdul Fattah
Published: February 2025

Moral education, which includes Islamic moral and ethical values, is integrated into the school curriculum through various methods, including lectures, discussions, and extracurricular activities. This study aims to evaluate the effect of moral education on student behavior at MAN 3 Medan School. This study uses a mixed approach, namely quantitative with surveys and qualitative through in-depth interviews through surveys analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics are used to describe the distribution and tendency of data, such as averages, medians, and percentages. The results of the study indicate that moral education has a significant impact on improving students' positive behavior. Students involved in the moral education program showed improvements in aspects of discipline, honesty, responsibility, and tolerance and empathy. In addition, moral education also helps reduce negative behaviors such as disobedience and disrespectful behavior. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating moral education into the school curriculum to shape the character of students with noble character. Educational institutions are advised to continue to strengthen moral education programs with innovative and relevant approaches, and involve the entire school community, including teachers, students, and parents.
Analisis Dampak Perubahan Cuaca Terhadap Keanekaragaman Hayati dalam Evolusi Biologi
Authors: Hasibuan Hotmaida
Published: February 2025

Global climate change has become one of the biggest challenges to biodiversity around the world. This article explores the effects of climate change on species evolutionary pathways, focusing on the mechanisms of adaptation and speciation that occur in response to environmental change. This article highlights the importance of ecosystem conservation and management to support a sustainable evolutionary process. The type of research used is a literature study. Analysis of ecological and genetic data to analyze temperature fluctuations, changes in rainfall patterns, and increasing frequency of extreme weather events affect the habitat and resources available to the species. Our findings confirm that climate change is not only a threat to biodiversity, but also a significant driver in the evolutionary path, which can lead to new and complex ecosystem dynamics. Through a better understanding of the interactions between climate change and evolution, we can formulate more effective strategies to protect biodiversity in the future.
Language Difficulties and Challenges Faced by Students in Understanding the English Curriculum at PNS LUMHS
Authors: Iqra . , Channar Husan Bano , Khowaja Shehneela , Bhacho Abdul Hameed , Dean Rubina , Haq Mansoor Ul
Published: February 2025

The English language is spoken all over the world nowadays. It is issued in various socio-economic settings such as tourism, travelling, business, commerce, communication, teaching, learning, international diplomacy, science and technology. Objectives: To describe the challenges that students experience because of the curriculum in English. To investigate how these challenges are overcome by students in their academic years, and to explore which strategies are used by students to overcome challenges faced because of the curriculum in English. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at Peoples Nursing School, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Science, Jamshoro, to evaluate language difficulties and challenges faced by students in understanding the English curriculum at Peoples Nursing School, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Science. Results: According to this study, nearly 41% of students face difficulties when communicating in English. 41% of students have difficulty in grammar. The major problem faced by participants is that 57% of students feel shy, and because of that students don’t communicate well in English. 53% of participants don’t speak English or read in English because of shyness and 51% of participants haven’t enough confidence to read in English in front of people. Conclusions: It was concluded that participants have major problems in English speaking because of again lack of confidence, shyness, lack of vocabulary, lack of fluency, and sentence-making problems.
Qu’est-ce qu’un nuage ? Hélène et la matière des rêves
Authors: Routier-Guillemot Louise
Published: February 2025

What is a cloud ? In Euripides’Helen, the heroin switched roles with a Helen-like cloud. This supernatural creature being carved out of a cloud has long been overlooked, as if the « cloud » were a mere synonymous for « simulacrum ». We suggest to pay attention to this vivid metaphor whose genealogy brings us back to Homer and reflects the rise of philosophical thought : clouds may be the hidden bond between being and non-being, the primary material of fiction — such stuff as dreams are made on.
Le ragioni di Elena in Hélène après la chute di Simon Abkarian
Authors: Mazzella Francesca
Published: February 2025

The article proposes a reflection on the mythical figure of Helen, paying particular attention to the interior dimension of the character, often placed in the background compared to the radiant beauty that characterizes her. In this sense, Simon Abkarian’s play Hélène après la chute (2023) seems to mark a turning point, bringing on stage a self-aware and determined queen, capable of standing up to her husband Menelaus and of opposing her own reasons and rejecting the yoke of unhappiness.
L’apparenza di niente
Authors: Calabrò Irene
Published: February 2025

The paper aims to investigate Helen’s apparition in Goethe’s Faust II, through Walter Benjamin’s Goethes Wahlverwandtschafen, essay written between 1921 and 1923, in which Benjamin reads Goethe’s novel Die Wahlverwandtschafen. In his essay, Benjamin focuses on Ottilie, whose beauty, in Goethe’s novel, represents an innovation in front of epic and mythological narration. Comparing Ottilie “apparent beauty” to that of Helen in Faust, an incredible closeness between Goethe and Euripides is revealed, insofar as apparent beauty is a sort of mythological fundamental of all wars.
Conceptualizing Improved Cash Forecasting Accuracy for Effective Currency Reserve Management in Nigerian Banks
Authors: Kokogho Eseoghene , Adeniji Ilerioluwase Emmanuel , Olorunfemi Taiwo Akindele , Nwaozomudoh Mark Osemedua , Odio Princess Eloho , Sobowale Adedamola
Published: February 2025

Effective currency reserve management is critical for maintaining financial stability and operational efficiency in Nigerian banks. Cash forecasting accuracy plays a vital role in ensuring the optimal allocation of currency reserves, minimizing liquidity risks, and meeting customer demands. However, Nigerian banks face persistent challenges in cash forecasting, including inaccuracies due to inadequate data integration, manual processes, and limited adoption of advanced technologies. This study aims to conceptualize an improved cash forecasting framework to enhance currency reserve management in Nigerian banks. The proposed framework incorporates advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and big data analytics to address forecasting challenges. AI-driven predictive models enable more accurate demand forecasting by analyzing historical transaction data, seasonal trends, and macroeconomic indicators. Machine learning algorithms adapt to dynamic market conditions, enhancing real-time decision-making capabilities. Big data analytics facilitates the integration of diverse datasets from banking operations, external financial environments, and customer behavior to create comprehensive forecasting models. The framework also emphasizes the importance of institutional capacity building, focusing on upskilling bank personnel through training programs to maximize the benefits of these advanced technologies. Additionally, regulatory compliance and alignment with the Central Bank of Nigeria's policies are critical to ensure seamless implementation and scalability of the framework across the banking sector. Preliminary analysis indicates that the adoption of the proposed framework can reduce forecasting errors by up to 50%, optimize cash allocation, and enhance the overall efficiency of currency reserve management. Furthermore, it supports improved customer satisfaction by ensuring the availability of cash during peak demand periods and reducing transaction delays. This conceptual framework provides a roadmap for Nigerian banks to address cash forecasting inaccuracies, aligning with global best practices and fostering financial stability. Future research will focus on pilot-testing the framework in selected banks and assessing its long-term impact on currency reserve management.
ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DAS PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS E DA INFLUÊNCIA DO ENVELHECIMENTO EM FLUIDO CORPORAL SIMULADO ENTRE FIOS DE SUTURA DE NÁILON CIRÚRGICOS E “LINHAS DE PESCA” USADOS NO REPARO DO TENDÃO
Authors: Silva Abikeila Pinheiro Santos da , Fonseca Kaio Luan da Silva , Silva Willas Matias da , Olivier Nelson Cárdenas , Cordeiro Erlon Rabelo
Published: February 2025

Na medicina veterinária, as “linhas de pesca” (poliamida) têm se mostrado opção para substituição dos fios cirúrgicos de náilon ou poliamida, sobretudo na cirurgia de reparo do tendão. Com isso, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi comparar dois tipos de fios cirúrgicos mediante análises quantitativas das propriedades mecânicas à tração e qualitativas da biodegradação. Para tal, 45 amostras de fios cirúrgicos de náilon e 45 amostras de “linhas de pesca” de poliamida foram separados em dois grupos de estudo: grupo I – controle, submetido ao ensaio de tração, e grupo II – experimental, submerso tracionado em fluido corporal simulado (SBF). Nos períodos de 3 meses, 6 meses e 9 meses os grupos foram submetidos a ensaios mecânicos à tração, a análises microscópicas das estruturas superficiais e à análise estatística, feita através do teste T de Student. Constataram-se similaridades entre os fios de sutura e as linhas de pesca em propriedades mecânicas, como módulo de elasticidade, deformação de ruptura, tenacidade e rigidez. Quanto ao limite de resistência, mostrou-se significativamente maior nos fios de sutura, em relação às “linhas de pesca”. Qualitativamente, as “linhas de pesca” não sofreram degradação significativa, enquanto os fios de sutura se degradaram de maneira homogênea e expressiva.
IOT Based Integrated Environmental Monitoring System
Authors:   Department of Information science and Engineering,       East West Institute of  Technology,  Bangalore, India, D Sharon
Published: February 2025

A weather monitoring system is a robust and cost-effective solution designed to monitor and record real-time environmental parameters using Arduino as the central controller. This system integrates various sensors, such as a DHT11 for temperature and humidity, an LDR for light intensity, and a soil moisture sensor, to gather precise data about environmental conditions. The data is processed by the Arduino and displayed locally on an LCD screen, ensuring ease of access for users.

The system provides a versatile platform for monitoring key weather parameters in applications such as agriculture, greenhouses, and indoor climate control. Threshold-based automation is implemented to activate actuators like water pumps and fans, providing intelligent responses to environmental changes. For example, the water pump is triggered when soil moisture falls below a certain level, and the fan is activated when the temperature exceeds a predefined threshold. Manual override is also supported through push-button controls, allowing users to operate the system as needed.

Designed as a standalone device, the system runs entirely on Arduino and does not rely on internet connectivity, making it ideal for remote or resource-constrained locations. Its modular design allows for easy integration of additional sensors, such as rain or wind-speed sensors, for expanded functionality.

By providing accurate, real-time weather data and automating responses to environmental changes, this system reduces manual effort, optimizes resource usage, and enhances productivity. Its simplicity, affordability, and reliability make it a valuable tool for individuals and organizations in agriculture, horticulture, and environmental research. This project demonstrates the potential of Arduino-based systems to solve real-world challenges in a sustainable and scalable..[7]

Keywords:   IoT (Internet of Things), Environmental Monitoring, Smart Cities, Real-time Data, Sensors, Air Quality Monitoring, Water Quality Monitoring, Climate Data, Data Analytics, Cloud Computing, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Pollution Detection.
Contextual Translation System to Sign Language
Authors:   ACE Engineering College Hyderabad, India 2Student, ACE Engineering College Hyderabad, India, Anjali Mogusala
Published: February 2025

People with hearing and speech disabilities face significant challenges in communicating with others, as not everyone understands sign language. This project aims to create a system that helps bridge this communication gap by converting spoken English into Indian Sign Language (ISL). The system works by recognizing voice input, the recognized speech is converted into text, which is then simplified using natural language processing techniques.

Finally, the text is translated into ISL and displayed as a series of images or motion videos using Python libraries. This system provides an easy and accessible way for people with hearing or speech disabilities to communicate effectively, promoting inclusivity and understanding in everyday interactions.
Three Step Password Protection
Authors:   Department of Information Technology From Matoshri Asarabai Polytechnic, Thorat Tejas
Published: February 2025

In an era where digital security is paramount, traditional password systems remain vulnerable to sophisticated cyberattacks. This research presents a Three- Step Password Protection System aimed at significantly enhancing authentication security. The proposed model integrates three independent layers of authentication: (1) a Phrase Password, (2) Face Recognition, and (3) Graphical Authentication. Each step progressively strengthens security, ensuring that even if one layer is compromised, unauthorized access remains improbable. The system is designed to balance robust security with user convenience, addressing common vulnerabilities such as brute force, phishing, and bot attacks. By leveraging biometric verification and graphical interactions, the model reduces reliance on conventional text- based authentication while enhancing accessibility. The results suggest that this multi-layered approach provides improved resilience against unauthorized access, making it a viable solution for sensitive and high-security environments.
FACTORS AND TRENDS OF POST-INDUSTRIAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY OF PROBLEM REGIONS OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS FEDERAL DISTRICT
Authors: Krotova Marina , Kulyan Eduard
Published: February 2025

The article presents the results of empirical studies on the identification of the degree of post-industrial orientation of the regional economy, carried out on the factual basis of problematic entities of the North Caucasian Federal District. It is shown that in the context of planning the regional policy of post-industrial transit of the economy, it is necessary to be guided by the synthetic level of its post-industrial orientation, which consists of the current and forecast state of the innovation and infrastructure component and the level of activity of creative capital. Institutional support and management coordination The tasks of operational development of corrective directions, mechanisms and instruments of regional socio-economic policy aimed at changing the technological structure, ensuring the dominance of post-industrial sectors and industries of the economy, accumulating creative capital are impossible in their implementation without a detailed analysis of the accumulated transformation potential. In the article, from the standpoint of diagnosing the degree of post-industrial orientation of the regional economy, parametric and methodological support for calculating aggregate indices of innovative development and the degree of innovativeness of the economy is formed. Using the proposed analytical apparatus, reliable empirical estimates of the degree of post-industrial orientation of the regional economy of the subjects of the North Caucasian Federal District were obtained. The article is an addition to the cycle of researchers' works on the problems of economic transformation of the regions of the South of Russia. The obtained analytical results, empirical estimates and calculation material for the subjects of the North Caucasian Federal District can be used in further scientific research.
SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT AS A PRIORITY AREA FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY ECONOMY
Authors: Skomoroschenko Anna , Tyupakov Vadim
Published: February 2025

The article examines the development features of the agricultural sector of the economy of the Krasnodar Territory. The purpose of this study is to assess the development of the regional agricultural economy and propose measures to ensure sustainable development of rural areas in the face of external challenges and internal industry tensions. Analytical, graphical, and comparative research methods were used in the article. The study shows structural disproportions in the number of urban and rural populations. The causes of the migration process of rural areas in the region are determined. The socio-economic indicators of rural development characterizing the level of employment, wages, and improvement in rural areas are studied. The dynamics of agricultural production in the region is considered. The investment activity of economic entities in agricultural production is shown. A detailed analysis of the structure of expenditures of the federal budget and the budget of the Krasnodar Territory in terms of implementing measures to support entities of the agro-industrial complex is performed. The main areas of development of the agricultural sector of the economy aimed at the sustainable development of rural areas of the Krasnodar Territory are determined. As a result of the study, destabilizing factors that pose a threat to stability in the development of the agricultural sector of the region's economy are identified. The problems that slow down the economic development of the agricultural sector in the region are shown. To neutralize them, it is proposed to implement a number of measures aimed at the sustainable development of rural areas of the Krasnodar Territory. The main areas of development of the agricultural sector of the region's economy are determined, including the elimination of high stratification of the population by income level, state support for the development of the scientific and technological potential of the region and the attraction of modern technologies, developments and innovations and their application in the branches of the agro-industrial complex.
DIGITAL MASTER PLANNING — NEW HORIZONS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF URBAN AREAS
Authors: Gvozdeva Ol'ga , Tynysheva Ayya , Shul'zhenko Aleksey , Starodubceva Olesya
Published: February 2025

The article discusses digital technologies that are involved
in the development of urban planning documentation, and the digital master planning project was analyzed as an example of digitalization in this area. Digital master planning is an innovative approach to urban area management that uses modern technologies to create more efficient and sustainable urban spaces.
One of the key advantages of digital master planning is the ability to create interactive and virtual models that allow urban planning specialists to visualize and test various scenarios for the development of a city. This allows for more informed decisions, taking into account a variety of factors such as social needs, economic conditions, and environmental aspects. In addition, digital tools enhance transparency and citizen participation in the planning process, making the urban environment more inclusive and democratic.
The project "Digital Twin of the city of Moscow" is considered, which uses artificial intelligence algorithms to process a large amount of data, and then create and implement a model of a "digitized" twin. Large amounts of data, such as satellite imagery, traffic data, and environmental indicators, will allow for more accurate and detailed modeling of the urban environment, which will help optimize space use and improve infrastructure.
In conclusion, digital master planning represents a revolutionary step in urban area management. It not only improves the quality and accuracy of planning, but also contributes to the creation of more sustainable, efficient and inclusive cities. In the future, with the development of technology and an increase in the amount of available data, the potential of digital master planning will only grow, opening up new opportunities for improving urban infrastructure and the quality of life of citizens.
Strategy for accelerating the realization of climate-smart agriculture using a circular economy perspective approach
Authors: Prajanti Sucihatiningsih Dian Wisika , Soesilowati Etty , Daud Dalila
Published: February 2025

This research aims to accelerate the realization of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) with a Circular Economy Perspective Approach. The research was conducted in Kopeng Village, Getasan District, Semarang Regency, Central Java. The sampling technique used in this research was the purposive sampling method to select research personnel. The first analytical method in this research is Mactor analysis. The second data analysis method used in this research is ANP (Analytic Network Process). The research results show that the strategy to accelerate the realization of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) using a circular economy perspective requires strong collaboration and synergy between stakeholders/actors. The stakeholders who have the strongest role and influence are organic farmers, research institutions, and universities. Efforts to realize climate-smart agriculture based on a circular economy have the main strategic objectives of increasing agricultural productivity amidst uncertain climate change and reducing farmers' dependence on the use of chemical inputs. The strategic priorities in realizing climate-smart agriculture based on a circular economy are selecting plant varieties that are resistant to extreme weather and improving water resource management.
Implementation of prisoner independence guidance in class 1 Cirebon prison
Authors: Hidayat Risyal Hardiyanto , Pujiono Dedy Wasis , Waluyadi Waluyadi , Sanusi Sanusi
Published: February 2025

Prisons (Lapas) play an important role in society by rehabilitating and developing problematic citizens. Various programs are implemented by prisons to help prisoners become independent and better individuals after their prison terms. Therefore, this research aims to determine the extent of the implementation of the prisoner self-reliance program in Cirebon Class 1 Prison and the obstacles faced. This research employs descriptive qualitative methods. The data collection techniques used were interviews and observations. The instruments for data collection included interview and observation sheets. Additionally, the sources for this research comprised prisoners, prison officers, and other related parties involved in the independence development program at Cirebon Class 1 Prison. The results indicate that out of the 13 programs carried out, 11 programs—including convection, embroidery, rattan weaving, doormat making, agriculture and animal husbandry, welding, catering, laundry, barbering, handicrafts, and screen printing—are functioning properly. However, two other programs, woodworking and the production of boal and fishing nets, need revitalization. Several obstacles affect production and marketing during implementation, including a lack of human resources, insufficient facilities and infrastructure, inadequate marketing of production results, reliance on external orders that hinder work activities, and a lack of capital for manufacturing and optimizing work activities.
Statutory Interpretation in Multilingual Jurisdictions
Authors: Birunga Odethie
Published: February 2025

Statutory Interpretation in Multilingual Jurisdictions

Considering that every piece of legislation is subject to legal interpretation, its practicability depends highly on successful interpretation. In any legislation drafted in more than one language, divergence in meanings of versions is not only possible, but inevitable. It is not a simple task to draft in a way so that contexts are translated and included in all different language versions so that it becomes one meaningful legislation. While relying on one version only in the course of interpreting a piece of legislation may sound a lot easier, there could be ambiguous passages which may be clarified by consulting other versions. The existence of discrepancies between the versions of legislation is neither a smooth sail in multilingual environment.
The Principle of Ultra Vires and the Local Authorities’ Decisions in England
Authors: Aguma Charles
Published: February 2025

The Principle of Ultra Vires and the Local Authorities’ Decisions in England

The hypothesis of this article is that valid administrative decisions from local authorities are guaranteed via clear and precise enabling clauses in the primary legislation. The article argues that the style of drafting local authorities’ legislations influences decisions taken by local authorities. First, legislations need to be drafted in a style that clearly and precisely spells out the limits of powers of the local authorities in order to provide sufficient guidance to local authorities’ administrators to act lawfully. In attempting to exercise implied powers conferred by the imprecise enabling legislation, however, local authorities tend to go beyond intended legal powers and as a result take unreasonable, arbitrary and invalid decisions. More so, drafters rarely provide sufficient guidance about which considerations are properly relevant to the exercise of discretion and which are not. Secondly, obscure, wide and ambiguous enabling clauses in the primary legislations are substantial causes of courts’ misinterpretation of legislation as understanding the limits of the powers of the local authorities is a challenge. On the other hand, it is questionable whether the whole range of activities performed by a local authority by invoking implied powers, while exercising discretion, under the umbrella of doing anything that is calculated to facilitate or is conducive to or incidental to the discharge of any of its functions can be regarded as lawful. This article attempts to respond to that question. Although the principle of ultra vires requires the strict observance of the limits of the powers conferred in legislation, local authorities tend to invoke widely drafted provisions to perform activities that are said to be incidental to the express powers of which courts may declare invalid.
Donors without Borders
Authors: Miller Joseph E.
Published: February 2025

Donors without Borders: a Comparative Study of Tax Law Frameworks for Individual Cross-Border Philanthropy

Under current United States tax law, individual gifts to foreign charities generally are not deductible from federal income tax as charitable contributions. A comparative study of analogous tax laws in Switzerland and the United Kingdom demonstrates that the Swiss approach generally reflects the same prohibition against tax deductions for individual gifts to foreign charities, while British law permits such deductibility for gifts to qualified charities in other EU member states, Norway, and Iceland.

All three countries’ legal frameworks demonstrate that their respective notions of the ‘public interest’ significantly affect their approaches to deductibility for gifts to foreign charities. The British conception of public interest, enlarged by participation in the European Union and the nondiscrimination requirements of the EU treaties, is embodied in its more expansive deductibility rules. Swiss non-participation in the EU, by contrast, reflects a more isolationist notion of public interest and may inform its prohibition on deductions for gifts to foreign charities. The narrower Swiss approach parallels the United States’ approach, and it suggests that an American expansion of deductibility for foreign charitable gifts could be encouraged by American participation in the proposed TPP, TTIP, or other multilateral trade agreements or economic unions.
Linguistic Disharmony, National Language Authority and Legislative Drafting in Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Authors: Ilahi Mazhar
Published: February 2025

Linguistic Disharmony, National Language Authority and Legislative Drafting in Islamic Republic of Pakistan

It is quite interesting to note that first, the first language of most of the population of Pakistan remains different in different geographical regions. Secondly, Urdu, which is the second language of most of the population of Pakistan though declared to be the sole constitutional and official language, is not so accepted by all the communities resident in Pakistan. As a result, and thirdly, the laws of Pakistan are drafted in a non-native language, English, which is mostly the third language of a small fraction of the country’s population . This situation runs counter to the theme of the Plain Language Movement for writing of laws (PLM), which strives to make the laws understandable for its subjects. The problem, in reality, owes its genesis to different ethno-lingual and political issues. However, without going into much detail of these ethno-lingual and political elements, this article aims to analyse the question of the need for linguistic harmony, the main causes of lack of focus upon the same and the role of the National Language Authority (NLA) in the context. In addressing these issues the author concludes that lack of political will to handle the natural ensuing issues of the multilingual features of the Pakistani society and the (English) linguistic hegemony of the ruling elites (civil and military bureaucracy) are the two main causes of the failure of the NLA to administer Urdu as a sole national/official/legislative language of Pakistan.
Drafting of Legislation in Compliance with Model Laws
Authors: Poloko Lesedi
Published: February 2025

Drafting of Legislation in Compliance with Model Laws

Lawmaking is an essential attribute of a state. Laws differ from one country to another, and compliance with different legal rules may create problems. Uniformity of laws is an end in itself, and its value lies in its practical benefits. Interest in the quality of legislative instruments is a major concern, especially as regards the effectiveness of the national legislation.
Internet Trolling and the 2011 UK Riots
Authors: Bishop Jonathan
Published: February 2025

Internet Trolling and the 2011 UK Riots: The Need for a Dualist Reform of the Constitutional, Administrative and Security Frameworks in Great Britain

This article proposes the need for ‘dualism’ in the legal system, where civil and criminal offences are considered at the same time, and where both the person complaining and the person responding are on trial at the same time. Considered is how reforming the police and judiciary, such as by replacing the police with legal aid solicitors and giving many of their other powers to the National Crime Agency could improve outcomes for all. The perils of the current system, which treats the accused as criminals until proven not guilty, are critiqued, and suggestions for replacing this process with courts of law that treat complainant and respondent equally are made. The article discusses how such a system based on dualism might have operated during the August 2011 UK riots, where the situation had such a dramatic effect on how the social networking aspects, such as ‘Internet trolling’, affected it.
UNDERSTANDING REFLEX EPILEPSY: TRIGGERS, MECHANISMS, AND MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Pak-Oman Hospital, Pasni 91300, Pakistan, REHMAN FAIYYAZ UR , RISSARDO JAMIR PITTON ,   Neurology Department, Cooper University Hospital, NJ 08103, USA., HASHMI NIGAR ,   Department of Anesthesiology, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore 54550, Pakistan, GUL HAN ,   Department of Medicine, Teaching Hospital Turbat, Kech Pakistan., CAPRARA ANA LETÍCIA FORNARI ,   Neurology Department, Cooper University Hospital, NJ 08103, USA.
Published: February 2025

Reflex epilepsy, a distinctive subset of epileptic disorders, is characterized by seizures reliably triggered by specific stimuli or activities. This comprehensive literature review synthesizes current knowledge and recent advancements in understanding reflex epilepsy, shedding light on its diverse triggers, clinical manifestations, and underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. The review explores the vast array of triggers, encompassing visual stimuli, specific movements, cognitive processes, and sensory inputs, revealing the intricate interplay between external stimuli and epileptic events. Significant clinical heterogeneity is observed in reflex epilepsy, with manifestations ranging from focal motor seizures to alterations in consciousness. Advances in neuroimaging and electroencephalography have contributed valuable insights into the neurophysiological basis of reflex epilepsy, emphasizing cortical hyperexcitability and abnormalities in sensory and cognitive processing. Genetic and molecular studies have uncovered potential markers associated with reflex epilepsy, offering a glimpse into its hereditary aspects and paving the way for future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The literature underscores the psychosocial impact of reflex epilepsy on the quality of life of affected individuals, prompting the need for holistic, patient-centered care approaches.
Anais da XXXVI Jornada Odontológica De Araras
Authors: Fundação Herminio Ometto Centro Universitário da
Published: February 2025

Anais da XXXVI Jornada Odontológica De Araras
Simulation and analysis of energy consumption in all types of residential complexes and choosing the best form from the perspective of sustainability
Authors: Zahedi Rahim , Kashani Alireza , Qezelbigloo Sajad , Hashemi Soheil
Published: February 2025

Energy demand in residential buildings is growing with the immigration of people to urban areas. This study simulates and analyses five different types of residential buildings. The possibility of using a solar thermal system is studied, and then five choices are ranked with the PSI method, which is a mathematical approach. For HVAC simulations, Design builder software, and solar simulations, T*Sol software is used. The results show that in terms of heating load, towers and skyscraper types of residential buildings demand more energy, with 3.67 MW and 3.62 MW, respectively. In terms of cooling, towers and surrounding types need bigger values than others, with 1.84 MW and 1.82 MW, respectively. Solar simulations indicate that the highest solar fraction with no area limitations belongs to the sky scrapper type with 26.9 percent, while collector efficiencies of all types are between 9.9 and 11.6 percent. However, with rooftop areas in each type, the highest solar fraction belongs to linear and surround types both with 24.6 percent. Mathematical analysis shows that by taking into account the importance of heating load and solar fraction for all types, the best form of residential buildings to use is a mixed type with the first rank.
The Representation of the Abkhazian Mystery in Galaktion Tabidze’s Poem “To the First Heads”
Authors:   Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Mamisimedishvili Khvtiso
Published: February 2025

The paper discusses the mythological archetypes of Galaktion Tabidze's poem "To the First Heads". The research shows that the poem is based on the old Abkhazian holiday of Easter and the revival of the forces of nature. The paper analyzes the specific mythological parallels drawn between Galaktion Tabidze's poem and the Abkhazian mystery by using the comparative and structural research methods.
Metaphorical conceptualization of hatred in the Georgian and English languages
Authors:   Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Rusieshvili Manana , Dolidze Rusudan ,   Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Office of Academic Research and Development  Faculty of Humanities, Keburia Mariam ,   Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Totibadze Sopio ,   Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Published: February 2025

As is known, the theory of conceptual metaphor gave impetus to understanding metaphor as one way of human cognition of the world from the standpoint of cognitive linguistics. According to Lakoff and Johnson's fundamental theory of conceptual metaphor (2003), metaphor facilitates human perception of the world.

It is one of the necessary tools in the differentiation and conceptualization of the world. This article aims to study the specifics of the metaphorical conceptualization of hatred in Georgian and English languages and identify and analyze universal and variant models in these languages and cultures.
The Structural and Lexical-Semantic Groups of the Terms Denoting Colours in the Georgian Symbolists’ Works
Authors:   Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Sanaia Pheride
Published: February 2025

The present article discusses the words denoting colours presented in the works of "Tsisperkantselebi". We will find out the symbolic meaning of the vocabulary related to colours in the poetry of "Tsisperkantselebi" (how often the mentioned vocabulary is used and which is the dominant colour). We will analyse the importance of the theories of Frumkina, Vezhbitska, Kandinsky, Berlin and Kay in relation to this specific field of vocabulary. The semiotic opinions of other linguists will also be discussed.

We start the study of the issue by separating the basic colours. However, the research is not limited to the main colours.

The work is created in accordance to the principles of the Kartvelian linguistics, for which the main things are interdisciplinary studies and drawing appropriate conclusions against the background of data from adjacent specialties. We distinguish two dimensions of the mentioned approach: linguistics-literature studies and culturology, because linguoculturology implies the interconnection of linguistic and cultural studies.
The Chvabiani Gospels (H-1791) and the Fragment Preserved in the Mestia Museum (SMHE N 491)
Authors:   Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tvaltvadze Darejan
Published: February 2025

The paper identifies the manuscript of the Gospels (referred to as "The Muzhali First Gospels" in the scientific literature of the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century), whose traces were not seen among the handwritten Gospels preserved in Svaneti or taken from Svaneti. On the basis of the paleographic-codicological and textological analyses, it is proved that the manuscript called "The Muzhali First Gospels" is codex H-1791, which is preserved in Fund H of Korneli Kekelidze National Center of Manuscripts (NCM). It is also determined that one part of this manuscript (153 pages) transcribed in 1213-1216 in the savannah of the Monastery of the Black Mountain remained in Chvabiani, while another was taken to Mestia and afterwards, to Tbilisi, where it is presented in the collection of the Historical-Ethnographic Society (NCM, H-1991). As a result of the research, it was determined that the four-page fragment (SMHE N 491; K-8) preserved in the Mestia Museum under the name the Chvabiani Gospels is a part of H-1791. The paper raises the question that this fragment as well as the manuscript H-1791 should be called the Chvabiani Gospels. Both the manuscript H-1791 and the Chvabiani fragment, which is preserved in Mestia, contain 157 (not 153) pages.