bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1,1′-Azodi(formamid) – frakcja wdychalna. Dokumentacja proponowanych wartości dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego
Authors:   Marek Dobecki, Kupczewska-Dobecka Małgorzata
Published: January 2025

1,1′-Azodi(formamid) (azodikarbonamid, ADCA) jest żółtym organicznym ciałem stałym. W Unii Europejskiej ma klasy-fikację zharmonizowaną jako substancja o działaniu uczulającym na drogi oddechowe kategorii 1. Od 19 grudnia 2012 r. na mocy decyzji ED/169/2012 ADCA znalazł się na liście kandydackiej substancji stanowiących bardzo duże zagrożenie, oczekujących na pozwolenie z powodu swoich właściwości uczulających na drogi oddechowe. Zgodnie z opinią ACSH w sprawie chemikaliów priorytetowych dla nowych lub zmienionych dopuszczalnych wartości narażenia zawodowego w 2021 r. ADCA został wytypowany jako substancja priorytetowa, dla której istnieje pilna potrzeba przygotowania opinii naukowych i/lub badań określających OEL. ADCA ma szerokie zastosowanie jako porofor w spienionych tworzywach sztucznych, szczególnie piankach winylowych i wyrobach gumowych. Jest też stosowany w leczeniu HIV. Po przyjęciu bezprogowego działania uczulającego na drogi oddechowe za skutek krytyczny, a za wartość LOAEC – stężenia 36 µg/m3 (0,036 mg/m3) wyznaczonego przez NIOSH w badaniach z udziałem ludzi zatrudnionych przy wtryskiwaniu tworzywa z ADCA oraz uwzględnieniu obiektywnych pomiarów wartości funkcji płuc (niewielkie, ale statystycznie istotne obniżenia średniej wielkości FVC i FEV1 w ciągu zmiany roboczej w badaniu przed zmianą roboczą i po jej zakończeniu u 17 operatorów form wtryskowych) i skutków, na które badani się uskarżali (nieżyt nosa, zapalenie spojówek, świszczący oddech, kaszel, po których następują objawy takie jak: ucisk w klatce piersiowej, duszność i nocne objawy astmy w postaci kaszlu napadowego) zaproponowano przyjąć wartość NDS dla 1,1′-azodi(formamidu) na poziomie 0,02 mg/m3 oraz NDSCh na poziomie 0,04 mg/m3 dla frakcji wdychalnej. Ze względu na działanie uczulające substancji proponuje się oznakowanie: „A” – substancja o działaniu uczulającym. Nie należy oczekiwać istotnego udziału wchłaniania przezskórnego i ogólnoustrojowej toksyczności substancji.
Oznaczanie prop-2-en-1-olu w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy
Authors:   Paweł Wasilewski, Kondej Dorota
Published: January 2025

Prop-2-en-1-ol to bezbarwna ciecz o ostrym zapachu przypominającym musztardę. Związek sklasyfikowano jako substancję łatwopalną, o toksyczności ostrej przy działaniu na drogę oddechową, drogę pokarmową oraz skórę, drażniącą na oczy oraz skórę, działającą toksycznie na narządy docelowe przy narażeniu jednorazowym oraz stwarzającą zagrożenie dla środowiska wodnego. Celem badań było opracowanie metody oznaczania prop-2-en-1-olu do oceny narażenia zawodowego w zakresie 1/10 ÷ 2 obowiązującej wartości NDS. Metoda polega na adsorpcji prop-2-en-1-olu na węglu aktywnym, desorpcji roztworem propan-2-olu w disiarczku węgla i analizie chromatograficznej (GC-FID) otrzymanego roztworu. Metoda umożliwia oznaczanie propan-2-en-1-olu w powietrzu w zakresie stężeń 0,2 ÷ 4 mg/m3. Metoda została poddana walidacji zgodnie z normą PN-EN 482. Zakres tematyczny artykułu obejmuje zagadnienia zdrowia oraz bezpieczeństwa i higieny środowiska pracy będące przedmiotem badań z zakresu nauk o zdrowiu i inżynierii środowiska.
The Role of M1 and M2 in Modulating Ab Accumulation and Function
Authors: Rao Leqi
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline, memory loss, and the formation of amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles in the brain. This chronic condition has no known cure, and its progression varies greatly between individuals, eventually leading to severe cognitive impairment, loss of independence, and death. Microglia, the primary immune cells in the central nervous system that serve as the brain's first line of defense, are central to Alzheimer's disease pathology. Microglia play an important role in the response to injury and infection, as well as the regulation of amyloid-beta levels. However, when amyloid-beta accumulates, it activates an inflammatory response via microglia. While this response is initially protective, it may become chronic, contributing to the neuroinflammation that worsens Alzheimers disease pathology. In this study, I wanted to isolate and investigate the specific effects of M1 and M2 macrophages in the brains of genetically modified mice. Using CRISPR technology, we developed mouse models with selective expression of M1 macrophages without M2, M2 macrophages without M1, and models with both macrophage types. Western blot analysis quantified the levels of amyloid-beta in these mice, revealing how microglial activity influences Alzheimer's disease progression. Our findings show that M1 macrophages primarily regulate amyloid-beta through inflammatory processes, which may increase amyloid-beta production, whereas M2 macrophages are essential for amyloid-beta clearance. These findings emphasize the importance of balancing M1 and M2 macrophage activity when treating Alzheimer's disease
Stimulating SuM in mice with bad disease
Authors: Zhang Qianyun
Published: January 2025

This work is about stimulating SuM in mice with bad disease. It has been widely recognized that patterned opt-ogenetic stimulation on SuM enhances the ABNs. This work try to use Chronic opto-stimulationof SuM and opto-stimulation of SuM on the mice. For the AD patients recover their disease early, who dont have behavioral deficits, Chronic opto-stimulation of SuM may cure them. But, for the AD patients with badly disease, Chronic opto-stimulation of SuM cant effect. The combination of opto-stimulationof SuM and chemogenetic activation of SuM gives a possibility to cure the AD patients in bad situation. This work do the experiment on the mice in 8 month. If the result shows that the combination of opto-stimulationof SuM and chemogenetic activation of SuM have effective affected on AD mice. The method of the combination of opto-stimulationof SuM and chemogenetic activation of SuM may be taken in medical treatment. This work also provide another method, removing a healthy hippocampus. If this is certified to be possible, it can truly reduce the treatment and quickly improve patients behavioral deficits
Identification of cell types in the mouse spinal cord based on single cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Feng Xingyu
Published: January 2025

The spinal cord is critical part of the central nervous system, harboring heterogeneous cell types. However, the genetic markers for various types of cells in the spinal cord remains to be elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the single cell RNA seq data to investigate the potential genetic markers for the heterogeneous cell types in the mouse spinal cord. Further, combined with immunohistology dataset, we determined the spatial distribution of these cell types in the mouse spinal cord. In this study, the identification of various types of cells in the mouse spinal cord would pave the way for future functional study which may underlie motor or sensory dysfunction
Review of Existing Method for Brain Delivery
Authors: Wang Yuechen , Li Yutong , Li Wenkai , Yang Yinuo
Published: January 2025

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases represent a growing global health concern, driving growing attention of researchers towards developing effective brain delivery methods that can cross the brain-blood barrier (BBB). This paper reviews the recent advances in the BBB-penetrating strategies for treating CNS diseases with detailed description and comparative analysis of various BBB-penetrating techniques, including both non-invasive and invasive methods. Non-invasive method include intranasal injection, intracerebroventricular injection, focused ultrasound, neurotropic virus-mediated delivery, and methods employing cell transcytosis - subdivided into carrier-mediated transcytosis (CMT), receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT), adsorption-mediated transcytosis (AMT), and paracellular pathway. Notably, hybrid nano-particle systems are widely used in non-invasive methods. Invasive techniques, such as intrathecal delivery, intracerebral injection, and intra-arterial injection are also discussed. While non-invasive methods, particularly RMT, AMT, and focused ultrasound, are more effective brain delivery tools for their safety and target efficiency, invasive injection methods can achieve higher drug delivery but are constrained by the localized distribution of drugs on the BBB. Despite the many improvements in BBB penetration strategies, challenges including boosting selectivity and reducing cytotoxicity continue to require research and attention
Applications of 3d printing in promoting bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Zheng Qiluo , Dai Chenrong , Zhu Jiaqi , Gao Yiluo
Published: January 2025

3d printing has been a recent research hotspot because of the performance of printing accurately, easy to operate and can complete the more complex objects, there are many advantages missing in subtractive manufacturing, and at the same time match the requirements of orthopaedic implant scaffolds, orthopaedic implant scaffolds as one of the main applications of bone tissue regeneration (BTR) has also been commonly studied, the current literature is mostly in its raw materials to do research. This paper introduces the three main materials and gives some examples to illustrate the role of scaffolds or implants obtained after they have been 3d printed in promoting BTR, emphasizing the potential appeal of 3d printing (3DP) in BTR
Investigating the Current and Novel Methods for the Treatment of HIV
Authors: Li Tongyue
Published: January 2025

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a retrovirus that primarily infects CD4 receptor-bearing cells, can cause significant immune system dysfunction in humans. Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has extended the life expectancy of individuals with HIV, challenges persist due to drug resistance, adherence issues, and side effects. This review examines both established and emerging HIV treatment strategies, including ART and novel agents like fostemsavir and ibalizumab. It also explores innovative approaches such as therapeutic vaccines, transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy. The role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in optimizing patient care and predicting treatment outcomes is also highlighted. A comprehensive understanding of HIVs life cycle and the challenges of current therapies is crucial for developing more effective treatments and interventions for HIV prevention and management
The novel strategy of Bispecific Antibody-Drug Conjugates (BsADCs) in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Li Zhengyu , Lu Yu , Wang Liyuang , Zheng Hanyu
Published: January 2025

Although conventional chemotherapy plays an important role in cancer therapy, its lack of specificity often leads to serious side effects and tolerability problems in patients. With obvious advantages in the field of tumor treatment, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have gradually become a crucial research topic in recent years. However, some problems of current ADCs are being revealed, including the need to improve the internalization efficiency, the problem of drug resistance caused by tumor heterogeneity, and the reduction of targeting specificity. Therefore, bispecific antibody drug conjugates (BsADCs) become one of the directions for the development of next-generation ADCs. BsADCs can improve the endocytosis efficiency, the binding ability to tumor cells, and the killing ability of the drug through the bispecific epitope or targets while reducing the toxic side effects on normal cells, which has a promising prospect in the field of future development. This review collects some design concepts and innovative strategies in the field of current BsADCs, hoping to provide ideas and methods for further exploration and development of BsADCs and overcome the challenges it faces
Melatonin Therapy for Circadian Disturbances and Its Inhibitory Effects on Breast Cancer Development
Authors: Zeng Yulin
Published: January 2025

Breast cancer is a disease that poses a danger to women's health and survival rate in the modern world. Because of the wide range of elements that influence it, breast cancer is a very valuable and intriguing subject to research. Melatonin is one of the medicines for circadian rhythm disorders that are used by many people in modern society. Researchers have been interested in the connection between circadian rhythms and several diseases in recent years. In particular, the treatment of disorders involving circadian rhythms has revealed new avenues for the creation of therapeutic medications. This led to an investigation into whether melatonin is effective in treating breast cancer and what its specific mechanism of action is. In addition to providing clear evidence of melatonin's therapeutic benefits for breast cancer, the finding that it interacts with the REV-ERB target in this disease may also open the door to the development of more potent, side-effect-free breast cancer medications by revealing a novel molecular pathway. Also, several other mechanisms including BMAL1, CLOCK genes, DNA repair, and the cell cycle have been identified that can also be affected by melatonin and REV- ERB through circadian rhythms
Analyzing Key Factors Influencing Airline Customer Satisfaction Using Machine Learning Models
Authors: Li Zixuan
Published: January 2025

This study analyzes a large dataset from an airline customer satisfaction survey to explore the key factors influencing customer satisfaction. The cleaning of data, encoding of features, and construction of different machine learning models, including Random Forest, Logistic Regression, and Neural Networks, are done. It then identifies in-flight entertainment, seat comfort, cabin service, and other factors as the most important which influence customer satisfaction. From the performance evaluation results, the best performance comes from the Random Forest model, at an accuracy of 95.87%, combined with the AUC-ROC value showing an excellent predictive capability for this model. It also finds that flight distance, passenger age, and different service demands have a certain impact on satisfaction, though their effects are comparably smaller compared to the primary factors. Advanced statistical methods and discussions in this paper enrich the insight for airlines help to improve customer satisfaction and provide competitive advantages in the post-pandemic Chinese civil aviation market. Emphasizing improvement in the in-flight experience, such as upgrading entertainment facilities and improving comfort in seating, will be able to meet customer demands more precisely, thus increasing customer loyalty and brand stickiness
Desigualdades no Saneamento de Pequenas Cidades de uma Região Metropolitana
Authors: Vieira José Moacir de Sousa , Valério Filho Mario , Mendes Rodolfo Moreda
Published: January 2025

Quando consideramos as dificuldades de universalizar o saneamento básico no Brasil, elas parecem ainda maiores nas pequenas cidades. Este artigo tem como objetivo comparar as condições de esgotamento sanitário entre os grupos de municípios com mais e menos de 50 mil habitantes na Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte, buscando identificar as desigualdades no acesso aos serviços de esgotamento sanitário e como essas disparidades podem afetar as populações. Adotamos uma abordagem de análise crítica e um procedimento metodológico fundamentado em pesquisa documental indireta, utilizando dados estatísticos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e revisão bibliográfica. Os resultados revelaram os desafios enfrentados por ambos os grupos de municípios e a gravidade do impacto desses contrastes na qualidade de vida especialmente das pequenas cidades. Constatou-se a necessidade essencial de políticas públicas e ações concretas, com uma abordagem igualitária e humanística, para melhorar o bem-estar dessas populações e garantir o acesso universal aos serviços de saneamento básico.
Espacialidades Umbandistas
Authors: Paula Victor Hugo , Gil Filho Sylvio Fausto
Published: January 2025

A experiência dos sujeitos cria espacialidades únicas, o que não é diferente na religião. No caso da Umbanda, essa vivência é responsável pela construção do espaço sagrado. Tomando como ponto de partida as especificidades dessa religião, a pesquisa teórica que originou este trabalho centrou-se na contribuição de diferentes compreensões de arquétipos como chave de estudo do êxtase religioso na Umbanda, dentro do campo da Geografia. Para alcançar esse objetivo, foi desenvolvido um referencial teórico que abrange as relações entre geografia e religião; as particularidades da experiência religiosa na Umbanda; a análise das correlações entre as concepções de arquétipos conforme apresentadas nas obras de Eliade e Jung; e a expressão do êxtase religioso na Umbanda. Nesse sentido, compreendeu-se que os rituais umbandistas revelam manifestações arquetípicas herdadas do processo de resistência cultural que constituiu a religião e expressam anseios primordiais da existência humana. Essas espacialidades simbólicas têm um impacto profundo na cultura e na identidade dos sujeitos que as vivenciam, o que transcende a dimensão do espaço físico.
Territorialidades do Racismo
Authors: Vitto Douglas , Santos Crispina de Jesus , Lima-Payayá Jamille da Silva
Published: January 2025

No contexto dos estudos de enfrentamento da colonialidade, o artigo revisita a obra “Quarto de Despejo” de Carolina Maria de Jesus, escrita em 1955 e publicada em 1960, para problematizar as territorialidades do racismo, em sua constituição fenomênica. A obra literária é compreendia por sua tessitura narrativa na clivagem criativa do mundo, não como empiria, mas como imaginação espacial de uma experiência corporalmente vivida. A obra, referência da literatura brasileira e mundial, tem a forma de diário (realista-ficcional) oriundo de experiências cotidianas da favela do Canindé (São Paulo), atravessadas por tensionamentos raciais expressos por sua escrita singular. No entanto, como obra de ficção, o texto transcende o empírico, projetando geograficidades e espacialidades que possibilitam pensar as territorialidades do racismo como expressão do habitar colonial. Este se refere à fratura ontológica colonial que constitui a experiência da colonialidade no continente. O racismo se territorializa na forma de produção de uma cidade excludente, manifesto na corporeidade e no simbolismo espacial das imagens literárias da autora. Ler “Quarto de Despejo” é vislumbrar os corpos e os barracos, na precariedade e na vulnerabilização de um habitar que nega certas formas de existência.
Cidade universitária e estudantificação
Authors: Lima Matheus Guimarães , Turra Neto Nécio
Published: January 2025

Diferentemente de outros processos como, por exemplo, a segregação e a fragmentação socioespaciais e a gentrificação, a estudantificação não tem sido muito abordada na geografia urbana brasileira. Dessa maneira, partindo metodologicamente de pesquisas bibliográficas, pesquisas de campo e entrevistas, o objetivo do presente artigo é contribuir com a popularização do tema, apresentando alguns marcos teóricos sobre a estudantificação, enquanto um processo espacial, que produz uma área da cidade, bem como trazer alguns dos critérios que permitem qualificar uma cidade como cidade universitária. A pesquisa tem como recorte espacial Dourados, uma cidade média no interior do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, que conta com a grande presença de instituições de ensino superior (IES) e de jovens estudantes. Nessa cidade foi organizado um segmento do mercado imobiliário, serviços, comércio e toda uma economia da vida noturna voltada a este público. Por meio do presente estudo foi possível concluir que a cidade de Dourados pode ser qualificada como uma cidade universitária e um dos traços dessa qualificação é o fato de possuir uma área estudantificada, com todos os seus conteúdos característicos, que demarcam uma diferença em relação ao conjunto da cidade.
Mapeamento Participativo como Estratégia de Ensino de Cartografia Escolar
Authors: Negrini Laís Regina , Sccoti Anderson Augusto Volpato , Petsch Carina
Published: January 2025

O ensino de Geografia tem como um de seus propósitos formar alunos capazes de analisar criticamente os seus espaços de vivência. Diante disso, este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um mapeamento participativo dos problemas socioambientais, como prática de Cartografia Escolar, com alunos da educação básica. A escola, palco desta ação, se localiza em Santa Maria (RS), sendo que as imediações da instituição são de alta privação social, fazendo com que os alunos convivam com diversos problemas socioambientais. Metodologicamente, foram desenvolvidas quatro oficinas de alfabetização e letramento cartográfico em duas turmas de sétimo ano (X e Y), totalizando 27 alunos. Após as oficinas, foi realizado um mapeamento participativo, a partir de atividades em campo e em sala de aula, com o propósito de mapear e discutir as questões socioambientais. Como resultado, observou-se um aprimoramento gradual na alfabetização e no letramento cartográfico dos alunos. Durante a elaboração do mapa participativo, na etapa do trabalho de campo, a turma X coletou 56 pontos e a turma Y, 70 pontos, referentes a questões socioambientais no entorno da escola. Concluiu-se que a Cartografia Escolar, aliada à Cartografia Participativa, propiciou uma aprendizagem de Geografia mais significativa e contextualizada ao cotidiano dos participantes.
IVAS Sazonal para Cálculo do Fator C da RUSLE em Microbacia do Semiárido Brasileiro
Authors: Gomes Raul , Listo Danielle
Published: January 2025

Práticas agrícolas que desconsideram o manejo sustentável predominantemente resultam em consequências negativas para a qualidade ambiental em diversos níveis. Portanto, a preservação do solo em regiões semiáridas torna-se essencial, tanto devido à sua alta vulnerabilidade à erosão quanto às variações sazonais e mudanças climáticas que caracterizam esse ambiente dinâmico. Este estudo utiliza o Índice de Vegetação Ajustado ao Solo (IVAS) como alternativa ao fator Uso e Cobertura do Solo (C) na Equação Universal de Perda de Solos Revisada (RUSLE). A pesquisa avalia sazonalmente o desempenho do IVAS e da RUSLE em uma microbacia semiárida brasileira durante as estações chuvosa e seca, gerando quatro cenários. A perda de solo média variou entre 25 e 48 t/ha/ano, com a maioria das áreas apresentando erosão de baixa a moderada, mas com erosão alta de  12% a 22% da área estudada. O coeficiente de ajuste da reflectância do solo (L) variou, com L=1, ajustado para solo exposto, resultando em maior cobertura do solo e menos erosão, enquanto L=0,5, ajustado para vegetação de médio porte, mostrou menor cobertura e mais erosão. A estação seca apresentou perdas de solo superiores à chuvosa, destacando a importância da cobertura vegetal na mitigação da erosão.
Análise Comparativa do Índice de Anomalia de Chuvas (IAC) nos Municípios de Paulista, Abreu e Lima e Igarassu, Região Metropolitana do Recife, Pernambuco
Authors: Ferreira Rafaela Melissa Andrade , Santos Larissa Furtado Lins dos
Published: January 2025

O padrão pluviométrico exerce bastante influência em variáveis meteorológicas como a umidade, temperatura e balanço de radiação, entre outros; além do mais, é responsável por caracterizar morfologias de paisagens, as quais vão se modificar dependendo da ocorrência da pluviosidade que, a depender de cada lugar, obedece a uma constante de totais anuais que variam mês a mês. Nesse sentido, os parâmetros analisados na presente pesquisa ​​foram as variações anuais e interanuais das anomalias de chuvas em três municípios vizinhos situados na Região Metropolitana do Recife (Abreu e Lima, Igarassu e Paulista) utilizando a metodologia quantitativa do Índice de Anomalia de Chuvas (IAC) proposto por Van Rooy (1965) que consiste na observação média das dez mais altas precipitações (para anomalias positivas) e das dez mais baixas (para anomalias negativas) e registros de precipitação históricos. Os principais resultados encontrados apontaram as distinções entre os valores dos índices, mesmo os postos pluviométricos estando relativamente próximos e o quantitativo total de precipitação anual não serem discrepantes. Por fim, a pesquisa ofereceu uma contribuição à avaliação do comportamento das chuvas em áreas pouco estudadas no estado de Pernambuco.
CD56 Expression in Spleen Tissue Pathology and Its Implications in the Development of Type 1 Diabetes: Insights from Diabetic Rat Models
Authors: Ababneh Suha , Odat Osama , Alsarhan Ali , Shawabkeh Jumanah , Rawashde Futoon , Jaloudi Rawan , Alqaraleh Moath , Othman Nihad , Alkhatib Ahed
Published: January 2025

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas. Objective: This study’s goals were to look at how much CD56 was expressed in the spleen tissue of rats with type 1 diabetes and compare it to rats that were not diabetic. Methods: The method used in this study was to give rats type 1 diabetes by giving them Alloxan (120 mg/kg). The rats had diabetes for one month. As soon as the experiment was over, all the animals were put down and prepared for normal biochemical, histology, and immunohistochemical tests. Results: The study results revealed that the biochemical findings including glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides in diabetic group were more significantly higher than that in the control group. The spleen tissue of diabetic rats was more inflamed than that of the control group, as shown by histological results. CD56 expression was much lower in the rats of diabetic group compared to the rats in the control group. Conclusion: When looked at as a whole, CD56’s role in diabetes seems to have been lost. This explains why people with type 1 diabetes have inflammatory problems.
The Union of the Front Soldiers – Yambol (1938–1944)
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Ivanov Stanislav
Published: January 2025

In the article, the reservists’ organizations in the Yambol District (and more precisely the “Union of the Front Soldiers“) in the second quarter of the last century and their role in the town’s social life are presented. In 1937, a group of military officers patriots who had retired from active service, established in Sofia an organization of reservists named “Union of the Front Soldiers“, which united mainly veterans of the wars for national unification. The organizational life of the “Union of the Front Soldiers“ – Yambol in the period 1938–1944 is studied on the basis of documents of f. 6 of the State Archives – Yambol.
Karlovo Municipality of the National Revival Period and Its Participation in the Struggle for Church Independence
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Deyanova Maria
Published: January 2025

The Karlovo municipality of the National revival period was founded and functioned in a town, which was a centre of crafts and trade. A form of church-religious self-government existed even before this period, but with limited powers. It was rather a supplement to the Ottoman system of government and its field of activity mainly concerned the settlement of controversies, conflicts, and problems of religious, economic, and moral character. In the second half of the 19th century, the Bulgarian municipality of Karlovo took over the management of “all public affairs“ in the town. The municipal government was headed by craftsmen and merchants who took care of education, construction of churches and schools and acted as moderators between the Bulgarian population and the Ottoman government. Since the 1840s, the Bulgarian municipality of Karlovo and prominent Karlovo educators and public figures took an active part in the church-national movement for an independent Bulgarian church.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI SALESPERSON CREATIVITY PADA PERBANKAN DI JAKARTA
Authors: Ilham Nanda Syaputra  , Dita Oki Berliyanti
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi Salesperson Creativity pada sektor perbankan di Jakarta. Fokus utama adalah pengaruh Leadership Humility dan Responsible Leadership terhadap Salesperson Creativity dengan Knowledge Sharing sebagai variabel mediasi. Penelitian ini melibatkan 175 responden karyawan perbankan di Jakarta, mayoritas berjenis kelamin wanita, berusia 18-24 tahun, berpendidikan terakhir SMA/sederajat, dan memiliki masa kerja antara 1 hingga 5 tahun. Terdapat tujuh hipotesis yang diuji, di mana enam hipotesis didukung dan satu hipotesis tidak didukung. Hasil analisis penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: Leadership Humility berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Knowledge Sharing. Leadership Humility berpengaruh positif terhadap Salesperson Creativity. Responsible Leadership berpengaruh positif terhadap Knowledge Sharing. Responsible Leadership tidak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Salesperson Creativity. Knowledge Sharing berpengaruh positif terhadap Salesperson Creativity. Knowledge Sharing memediasi hubungan positif antara Leadership Humility dan Salesperson Creativity. Knowledge Sharing memediasi hubungan positif antara Responsible Leadership dan Salesperson Creativity. Hasil penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya kepemimpinan yang rendah hati dan bertanggung jawab dalam meningkatkan kreativitas tenaga penjualan, dengan berbagi pengetahuan sebagai faktor mediasi yang signifikan. Strategi yang mendukung peningkatan Knowledge Sharing dapat memperkuat dampak positif dari kepemimpinan terhadap kreativitas tenaga penjualan.
Вплив когнитивних упереджень на прийняття рішень в Agile-командах
Authors: Осичка О. B. , Ясинська С. Ю.
Published: January 2025

У сучасному динамічному бізнес-середовищі, відзначеному високою швидкістю змін та непередбачуваністю, дослідження когнітивних упереджень в Agile-командах набуває особливої актуальності. У даному контексті особливий інтерес представляють когнітивні упередження, такі як ефект підтвердження, групове мислення, ілюзія контролю та ефект якоря, які суттєво впливають на процеси прийняття рішень. Зазначені упередження впливають на ефективність командної динаміки, особливо в умовах підвищеної невизначеності. У рамках дослідження було встановлено, що основними причинами виникнення даних упереджень є фактори, які притаманні Agile-командам, зокрема, висока швидкість ухвалення рішень, відсутність жорсткої ієрархії, невизначеність ситуації та емоційний тиск. Як наслідок, розуміння цих аспектів є важливим для вдосконалення процесів управління та підвищення ефективності командної роботи у межах Agile-методології. Методи дослідження включають огляд літератури, аналіз теоретичних джерел та прикладів реальних компаній. Систематизовано основні когнітивні упередження та оцінено їх вплив на ефективність командної роботи. Висунуто гіпотезу, що когнітивні упередження можуть значно знижувати ефективність Agile-команд, але їхнє усвідомлення та розуміння можуть покращити адаптивність і результативність цих команд. Практичне значення дослідження полягає у розробці рекомендацій для менеджерів та членів Agile-команд щодо попередження та уникнення когнітивних упереджень. Запропоновано стратегії, які включають проведення ретроспектив, розвиток критичного мислення та підвищення психологічної безпеки у командах. Ці підходи сприяють створенню більш об'єктивного середовища для прийняття рішень та підвищенню адаптивності команд у мінливих умовах. Подальші плани включають поглиблене вивчення впливу когнітивних упереджень у розподілених командах, оцінку економічної ефективності запропонованих стратегій та розробку інструментів для виявлення упереджень у реальному часі. Дослідження виявили, що здатність усвідомлювати та контролювати когнітивні упередження є важливою для підвищення ефективності та конкурентоздатності команд у швидкозмінному бізнес-середовищі. Зниження впливу цих упереджень сприяє поліпшенню командної співпраці та підвищує їхню здатність адаптуватися до умов високої невизначеності.
Problems with Global Education: Conceptual Contradictions
Authors: Young J. Melanie
Published: January 2025

Global education is concerned with social justice and student empowerment. However, an understanding of the word global as merely international and/or intercultural may fail to challenge existing mechanistic and compartmentalized views of knowledge and curriculum. Such a global education limits students’ agency and reproduces the very systems it intends to challenge. A holistic understanding of the word global allows for a relational or systems view of the world, mindful of the complex, multiple, and dynamic nature of living systems. It situates the students and their studies in the world and thus offers greater possibilities for action.
Learning About Plate Tectonics Through Argument-Writing
Authors: Klein Perry D. , Samuels Boba
Published: January 2025

In a quasi-experimental study (N=60), grade 7/8 teachers students were taught to write arguments in content-area subjects. After instruction, students drew on document portfolios to write on a new topic: “Do the continents drift?” In a MANCOVA, students who participated in argument instruction scored significantly higher than a control class on the combination of dependent variables. A stepwise discriminant analysis indicated that instruction most strongly affected argument genre knowledge, which in turn accounted for variance in the other dependent variables. The features of argument texts that were most strongly associated with science learning were: the number of argument moves, the number of science propositions taken up from source documents, text length, and text coherence. These results support a constructivist model of writing to learn in which students use genre knowledge to select information from source documents and construct genre-specific relationships among ideas.
Analyses of Mortars from St. George’s Cathedral, Great Novgorod
Authors: Ianovskaia Ekaterina G. , Vozniak Alexey A. , Nosova Anna A. , Sazonova Lyudmila V. , Lebedeva Natalia M. , Erofeeva Ksenia G.
Published: January 2025

The Yuriev Monastery at Veliky Novgorod - one of the oldest monasteries in Russia – was founded in the 12th century by Prince Vsevolod Mstislavich. Now it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The dominating building of the Monastery is the Cathedral of St. George. It was constructed in 1119 and painted before 1130. During the archaeological research of 2021 carried out by the Department of Archaeology and Architecture of the Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow), 15 samples of lime-mortar from the Cathedral and 2 more from an unknown building in the Monastery area were collected. Microscopy of cross sections and polarized transmitted light microscopy of thin sections were carried out to investigate the main components and differences in the mortars. Based on these analyses, the differences between mortars used in the various structural elements of the first (pre-Mongolian) building period and of the later periods were observed. The presences of crushed bricks (tsemyanka) – the main component of pre-Mongolian mortars – was found in the later mortars. Distinctions between different kinds of mortars (wall mortar, foundation mortar, floor mortar) and plaster were defined. Two types of sand used in the medieval mortars were identified. The preliminary dating of unknown construction found during the archaeological excavation by late 12th or 14th century was made.
A Smart Fire Detector using Raspberry Pi and OpenCV-Python
Authors:   nstitute of Aeronautical Engineering(Autonomous).  Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Nagaraju V.
Published: January 2025

Fire detection systems are necessary in big organizations as well as in many different big or small organizations to provide more security as well as to get secure from damage caused because of fire. There are many existing fire detection systems based on sensors etc but the limitations of such existing systems are they can detect fire within a limited area and they are using smoke detection techniques. To overcome previous method limitations in the proposed work we have a Raspberry Pi module and OpenCV python libraries for fire detection in real- time through a Raspberry Pi camera. Even if there is no fire detected the display will show the ‘Fire Condition: Normal’ and when there is a fire detected it will display ‘Fire Condition: Fire detected’ on the LCD screen. When fire is detected RED color LED will glow and in normal conditions GREEN color LED will glow. In the condition of fire detected even start starting motor pump to start the water for fire suppression.

Keywords: Fire detection, Raspberry Pi, GSM module, LEDs, Python Programming, Motor Pump.
Quantifying Financial Risks in the Healthcare Claim Adjudication Process
Authors:   Centene Corporation (of Affiliation) Cliam Intake Systems(of Affiliation) Tampa, FL, USA, Vutukuri Praveen Kumar
Published: January 2025

Abstract –The claim adjudication process is crucial in healthcare organizations, involving the verification, approval,
or denial of claims submitted by providers. Efficient adjudication is vital for ensuring accurate and timely
reimbursements, minimizing financial risks, and maintaining positive relationships with both healthcare providers
and policyholders. This paper presents a framework for quantifying financial risks associated with claim
adjudication, including risks due to claim denials, overpayments, underpayments, fraud, operational inefficiencies,
and several key risk categories like Group Risk, Global Provider Institutions (GPI), Capital Hospitals, Plans Risk,
Shared Risk Pool, and Groups Risk Capitated. By quantifying these risks, organizations can implement targeted
strategies to improve operational efficiency, reduce financial losses, and optimize the adjudication process. The
proposed methodology offers a practical approach to assess and mitigate financial risks, ensuring sustainable
operations and financial stability.
Keywords – Claim Adjudication, Financial Risk, Denials, Overpayments, Fraud, Underpayments, Operational
Efficiency, Group Risk, Global Provider Institutions, Capitation.
Securing DevOps CI/CD pipelines with Agent-Based and Agentless Solutions
Authors:   PAM Program Lead Texas, USA, Malipeddi Anil Kumar , Pasunuru Sreekanth ,   Cyber Security Engineer Sr. Consultant
Published: January 2025

As organizations increasingly adopt containerized applications and Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment
(CI/CD) pipelines, managing and securing secrets becomes critical to maintaining robust security. CI/CD pipelines
are critical to modern software development, enabling rapid delivery of software updates. However, these pipelines
often handle sensitive secrets such as credentials, API keys, and tokens, making them an attractive target for

adversaries. This paper explores two distinct approaches to secrets management in DevOps environments: agent-
based solutions, such as CyberArk Credential Providers, and agentless solutions, such as centralized credential

providers. We also examine the use of CyberArk Conjur for securing secrets in containerized applications and CI/CD
tools like Jenkins. By comparing these approaches and presenting best practices, this paper highlights their roles in
enhancing security, operational efficiency, and compliance in DevOps pipelines.

Keywords: DevOps, Secrets Management, CyberArk Conjur, CI/CD Security, Credential Providers, CCP, Agent-
Based Solutions, Agentless Solutions, Jenkins, Container Security.
Commutator of fractional maximal function on Lorentz spaces
Authors:   Institute of Applied Mathematics, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan, Guliyev V. S.
Published: January 2025

In the paper we study the fractional maximal commutators Mb,α and the commutators of the fractional maximal operator [b, Mα] in the Lorentz spaces Lp,r (Rn). The study of maximal operators is one of the most important topics in harmonic analysis. These significant non-linear operators, whose behavior are very informative in particular in differentiation theory, provided the understanding and the inspiration for the development of the general class of singular and potential operators. The commutator estimates play an important role in studying the regularity of solutions of elliptic, parabolic and ultraparabolic partial differential equations of second order, and their boundedness can be used to characterize certain function spaces. Our main aim is to characterize the commutator functions b, involved in the boundedness on Lorentz spaces of the fractional maximal commutator Mb,α and the commutator of the fractional maximal operator [b, Mα]. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness of the operators Mb,α and [b, Mα] on Lorentz
spaces Lp,r (Rn) when b belongs to BMO (Rn) spaces, whereby some new characterizations for certain subclasses of BMO (Rn) spaces are obtained. We can apply this boundedness of fractional-maximal commutators in Lorentz spaces to study the regularity in Lorentz spaces of of the Navier-Stokes equations. Solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations are used in many practical applications. However, theoretical understanding of the solutions to these equations is incomplete. In particular, solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations often include turbulence, which remains one of the greatest unsolved problems in physics, despite its immense importance in science and engineering.

Keywords: Lorentz space; fractional maximal operator; commutator; space.
Determining tectonic fault characteristics in oil and gas field structures using Juxtaposition diagrams: a case study of the Darvin Bank
Authors:   Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan, Baghirov B. A. , Salmanov A. M. ,   «OilGasScientificResearchProject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan, Heydarli S. O. ,   SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan, Rajabli O. V. ,   «OilGasScientificResearchProject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: January 2025

The type of tectonic faults plays an important role in issues such as migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons, formation of traps, determination of the direction of prospecting and exploration works, preparation of development projects, etc. For this reason, determining the characteristics type of tectonic faults in the exploration, development and exploitation of oil-gas fields is one of the main problems. There have been a number of approaches communicated both internationally and in local Azerbaijani publications. Juxtaposition diagrams, which are drawn up by taking into account the spatial position of faults and lithological characteristics of the surrounding sediments, are widely used in the search for fault-related traps and in the separation or integration of production objects in fields. It is also possible to determine the amount of shale material entering the fault gouge with these graphs. Considering that the Darvin Bank field is complicated by tectonic faults, the juxtaposition diagrams proposed by Knipe R. J. were used to determine the connection between the tectonic blocks. According to Upper Kirmaki Suite (KSupper) horizon, the faults numbered 11 and 3a in the northwest part of the field are permeable, while faults numbered 3, 6, and 7 are classified as non-permeable. The reliability of the results has been confirmed by the results of Cluster analysis applied in previous studies, and the application of this method in other oil and gas fields of Azerbaijan has been suggested.

Keywords: fault characteristics; permeable or sealing faults; Juxtaposition diagrams; production objects; Cluster analysis; shale gouge ratio.
Immobilization and in vitro kinetic controlled release study of doxorubicin from temperature-sensitive mPEG-Ala-Asp polypeptide hydrogel
Authors:   «Oilgasscientificreserchproject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan, Tapdiqov Sh. Z. ,   Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry named after Acad. M. Nagiyev, Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan, Taghiyev D. B. ,   Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry named after Acad. M. Nagiyev, Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: January 2025

The loading of the doxorubicin drug into a new polyethylene glycol-polypeptide based temperature-sensitive hydrogel and the investigation of its properties have been carried out. It was determined that during the immobilization of the drug, equilibrium is reached, and saturation occurs within 3 hours in a solution with an initial antibiotic concentration of approximately 4.8 mg/mL. Currently, 84-87 % of the drug is adsorbed, meaning that 100 mg of gel drug capacity was 405.8 mg/gr. The samples were kept in different pH solutions (pH = 2, 7.4, and 8.6) at 37 °C, and the release of doxorubicin was kinetically studied over intervals ranging from 0-300 minutes. It was determined that changes in the ionic strength of the solution lead to a change in the polarity degree of the chemical bond between the hydrogel and doxorubicin. The results of doxorubicin release from the gel were tested against various kinetic models, including zero-order, first-order, Higuchi square root law, Korsmeyer-Peppas, and Hixson-Crowell square root models. When applying the kinetic results of doxorubicin release from the gel to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, in acidic and neutral mediums, the value of n > 1, which is attributed to the breaking of protein segments in the terminal groups of the matrix. This makes the creation of thin-coated drug formulations from the matrix more advantageous. In an alkaline medium, however, n < 1, indicating that the release follows a non-Fickian mechanism, characterized by both diffusion and erosion. To ensure release in an alkaline medium, it is more appropriate to prepare cylindrical, spherical, or film-type drug forms from the PEG-Ala-Asp gel. Also, since the gel formation time can be adjusted, such systems can be recommended as analogues of injectable thermosetting insulation composites for the oil and gas industry.

Keywords: temperature sensitive; polyethyenglycol; polypeptide gel; release kinetic; doxorubicine.
Evaluating Awareness and Practices in Household Wastewater Management in Riverside Dwellers: Implications for Policy and Education
Authors: Valera John Paul R. , Kayvee Mae D. J. Castillo  , Mendez Crystel May B. , Basilio Eleonor R.
Published: January 2025

In rapidly urbanizing regions like Bambang, Bocaue, Bulacan, managing household wastewater has become a pressing challenge, primarily due to rapid population growth and inadequate infrastructure. Effective wastewater management is critical to safeguarding environmental and public health, yet it often remains overlooked in developing areas. This study investigates riverside dwellers' awareness levels and practices regarding household wastewater management, aiming to bridge data gaps and provide valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders. By addressing these issues, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of the current challenges and opportunities for improving wastewater practices in the area. The study employs quantitative methods, including surveys and statistical analyses, to examine the demographic profiles, awareness levels, and wastewater management practices of 111 households. Findings reveal a troubling lack of awareness among respondents regarding proper wastewater management, disposal methods, and their environmental impacts. Most households report directly discharging wastewater into nearby water bodies, with only minimal use of appropriate treatment facilities. This practice poses substantial risks, including water pollution, ecosystem degradation, and threats to community health, particularly in a densely populated and ecologically sensitive area like Bambang. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions to address this critical issue. Community education programs are essential to raise awareness of wastewater management's importance and environmental impacts. Simultaneously, infrastructure investments—such as constructing affordable and accessible treatment facilities—are crucial for enabling proper wastewater handling. The study also emphasizes the necessity for robust policy measures, including stricter regulations and enforcement, to ensure sustainable wastewater management practices.