bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LEXICAL COHESION IN ENGLISH POLITICAL DISCOURSE
Authors: MOROZOVA N.N.
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes the speech of the British Prime Minister R. Sunak, which he made in 2023, addressing the nation. Political discourse is characterized by certain strategic attitudes, which are chosen by the speaker, based on the set goal. The main category of any discourse is coherence, textuality, which is expressed by a variety of linguistic means at different linguistic levels. The conceptual metaphor “The future is a building to be built for children and grandchildren" provides textuality at the semantic-cognitive level. At the lexical level, text cohesion is ensured by lexical cohesion, which is realized in the text in the form of various repetitions, as well as collocations, which reveal different types of contexts in which the analyzed lexical unit is used.
MULTYMODAL GERMAN ADVERTISING AS A TYPE OF ADVERTISING DISCOURCE
Authors: PAPCHENKO M.YU. , SHIPOVA I.A.
Published: November 2024

The article deals with the description of types of modern German multimodal advertising and its analysis from the position of its realization of pragmatic goals of attracting the attention of potential consumers, creating an impression of reliability of the received information by activating emotional perception as a way of influence. The definition of advertising discourse makes it possible to consider it as a social phenomenon, in the perception of which a certain role is played by the general conceptual systems of participants of advertising communication. Based on the data of domestic and foreign scientists, it is shown that advertising producers rely on all channels of influence on the consumer, taking into account the data of psycholinguistics and cognitive research. The verbal side of advertising messages is eliminated through the inclusion of visual or sound series, compensating for the insufficiency of factual information, and by strengthening the emotional impact on the recipient. The complex of factors influencing the degree of communicative competence of participants of advertising communication includes the staging technique as a means of creating an impression of direct communication in secondary advertising communication. It is shown that the optimal combination of several channels for simultaneous transmission of various information significantly increase the effectiveness of communicative impact in advertising.
THE ROLE OF INTERJECTIONS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HIDDEN STRATEGIES OF SPEECH BEHAVIOR
Authors: NIKOLENKO O.V. , MATVEEVA G.G.
Published: November 2024

Based on the viewpoint of latent pragmalinguistics, the article considers the semantic features of interjections as speech units endowed with the ability to independently represent the speaker’s emotionally colored attitude towards the object of speech. Theoretical description of the process of interjections’ influence on the general emotive background of an utterance, as well as revealing the degree of their participation in the formation of strategies and tactics of latent influence on the addressee is currently relevant for modern anthropological sciences. The aim of the study is to define the pragmalinguistic status of the designated lexemes from the point of view of national-cultural specificity, to describe the process of their unconscious choice in utterance and to reveal the degree of their influence on the formation of nuances of meaning in the speech act. The authors conclude that the emotional nature of interjections enables them to be a self-sufficient linguistic element capable of organizing verbal activity, actualizing the emotionality of a phrase, and transmitting subtle semantic veils in a particular speech act. The speaker’s conscious or intuitive choice of one or another interjection is connected with the subconscious ability to actualize peripheral nuances of meaning, acting as indicators of various pragmatic information blocks, thereby explicating various emotional states of communication participants, building strategies of speech behavior and implementing them with the help of tactics of latent influence.
ON THE FORMATION OF SOCIO-CULTURAL COMPETENCE OF CHINESE STUDENTS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE CLASSES IN A CHINESE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE
Authors: ZHANG F.
Published: November 2024

The article discusses the main approaches to describing the component composition of sociocultural competence, analyzes the features of the formation of this competence in Chinese students of linguistic universities in China, suggests methods, forms, ways to form sociocultural knowledge in Chinese students of linguistics when the language environment is absent.
INVOLVING STUDENTS OF NON-PEDAGOGICAL SPECIALTIES IN THE CREATION OF DIDACTIC MATERIALS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF READING LITERACY OF HOSPITAL SCHOOLS STUDENTS
Authors: KURIKALOVA N.M. , OBUKHOV A.S. , SUKHANOVA G.N. , SHARIKOV S.V.
Published: November 2024

The article presents the experience of cooperation between the federal project of Russian hospital schools “UchimZnaem” and the National Research University “Higher School of Economics”. The experience of involving students of the minor “Become a Professor: the Mastery of Teaching in a Digital Era” is described, which undergraduate students of non-teaching specialties choose not only to get acquainted with the best teaching practices in hospital schools, but also to create didactic materials and develop reading literacy of schoolchildren undergoing long-term treatment.
THE STUDY OF DISHARMONIOUS CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS OF OLDER ADOLESCENTS
Authors: LOLENKO E.V.
Published: November 2024

The article discusses the definitions of interpersonal relationships from the point of view of different authors, the concept of mental development of a child. The concepts of relationships, interpersonal relationships, harmony and disharmony in interpersonal relationships are considered. The method of diagnosing indicators of disharmony in interpersonal relations is described. The results of the study of interpersonal relationships are presented: tension, alienation, conflict and aggressiveness in interpersonal relationships of older adolescents of Tyumen region.
Evaluación de la competencia digital docente: un estudio exploratorio
Authors: Portilla Salas Juan Carlos , Hernández Giovanni
Published: November 2024

En un mundo cada vez más digitalizado, la competencia digital docente se ha convertido en un aspecto crucial para la calidad de la educación. Este artículo se basa en un estudio exploratorio realizado en el Colegio San Felipe Neri de la ciudad de Pasto, Nariño, Colombia, con el objetivo de identificar el nivel de desempeño de la competencia digital docente de sus profesores. La investigación, se llevó a cabo en tres fases. La primera corresponde con la elaboración de una encuesta basada en las Competencias TIC para el desarrollo profesional docente del Ministerio de Educación Nacional de Colombia. La segunda consiste en la aplicación de la encuesta a 27 docentes de tiempo completo. La tercera fue el análisis de los datos. Los resultados revelaron que, en general, los docentes se encuentran en el nivel explorador avanzando hacia el nivel integrador en las dimensiones tecnológica, pedagógica, comunicativa, investigativa y de gestión. Se concluye que el colegio debe diseñar e implementar un plan de formación en competencia digital docente para los profesores, con el objetivo de avanzar hacia niveles de desempeño integrador e innovador y mejorar así la calidad de la educación.
Selected Legal Aspects and Context of the Treaty of Amsterdam
Authors: Greger Petr
Published: November 2024

K vybraným právním aspektům a souvislostem Amsterodamské smlouvy
Strategic Issues of the Eastern Enlargement of the European Union after the Luxembourg Summit
Authors: Lippertová Barbara
Published: November 2024

Strategické otázky rozšiřování Evropské unie na východ po lucemburském summitu
Formation of Market Economic Systems In Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Hölscher Jens
Published: November 2024

Formování tržněhospodářských systémů ve střední a východní Evropě
Concept of Balance of Power in the 20th Century
Authors: Šedivý Jiří
Published: November 2024

Koncepce rovnováhy moci ve 20. století
The Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf – New, Promising Actor in the Middle East
Authors: Wagner Richard
Published: November 2024

Rada pro spolupráci arabských zemí Zálivu – nový, perspektivní činitel na Blízkém východě
West in the Cold War
Authors: Mencl Vojtěch
Published: November 2024

Petr Luňák: Západ. Spojené státy a Západní Evropa ve studené válce. Historická řada. Nakladatelství Libri, Praha 1997, 468 stran, ISBN 80-85983-29XX.
Islamism – A Dangerous Phenomenon in International Relations?
Authors: Müller Zdeněk
Published: November 2024

Islamizmus – rizikový jev mezinárodních vztahů?
K osmdesátým narozeninám Jiřího Hájka
Authors: Polišenská Milada
Published: November 2024

Sborník Jiří Hájek - 80. Editor Dušan Rozehnal. SDRUŽENÍ ZA EVROPSKÝ DŮM v Ústavu mezinárodních vztahů, Praha 1993, 140 stran (8 stran fotografické přílohy), ISBN 80-901301-3-5.
Německo od rozdělení k opětnému sjednocení
Authors: Řezanková Ivona
Published: November 2024

Henry Ashby Turner , Jr .: Germany from Partition to Reunification. Yale University Press, New Haven and London 1992, 269 stran, ISBN 0-300-05345-2.
Descripción, antecedentes y riesgo fiscal y macroeconómico del Proyecto de Acto Legislativo que modifica el Sistema General de Participaciones (SGP)
Authors: Ospina-Tejeiro Juan J. , Bejarano Jesús , Herrera-Rojas Andrés Nicolás , Quintero-Jácome Manuela , López-Valenzuela David Camilo , Ramos-Forero Jorge Enrique , Zapata-Álvarez Steven
Published: November 2024

Este documento evalúa el Proyecto de Acto Legislativo aprobado en su sexto debate, el cual busca aumentar los recursos transferidos a las regiones a través del Sistema General de Participaciones (SGP). Desde una perspectiva histórica, el sistema de transferencias a los territorios se fortaleció con la constitución política de 1991 y posteriormente se reformó mediante el Acto Legislativo 1 de 2001 y el Acto Legislativo 4 de 2007. Los recursos del SGP se asignan prioritariamente a la prestación de los servicios de salud, educación, agua potable y saneamiento básico y a otros programas sociales y de inversión de los territorios. El proyecto de reforma constitucional propone el aumento gradual de las transferencias por SGP hasta alcanzar el 39,5% de los Ingresos Corrientes de la Nación (ICN) durante un período de 12 años a partir de 2027. Desde una perspectiva fiscal y suponiendo que no hay un ajuste en el gasto del gobierno nacional originado en la reasignación de competencias, el aumento progresivo de los recursos por SGP tendría un impacto significativo sobre las finanzas públicas, llevando el déficit fiscal al 4,7% del PIB y la deuda neta al 64,6% del PIB en 2038, lo que contrasta con las estimaciones en un escenario sin reforma donde el déficit y la deuda se situarían en 2,8% y 54,9% del PIB, respectivamente. Si bien el Proyecto de Acto Legislativo pretender fortalecer la descentralización y otorgar mayor autonomía a las regiones en el manejo de los recursos, plantea desafíos fiscales especialmente para el cumplimiento de las metas cuantitativas de la regla fiscal y el manejo de la deuda pública. En un contexto macroeconómico, la reforma al SGP podría tener consecuencias sobre el comportamiento de otras variables como la prima de riesgo, la tasa de cambio y la actividad económica. Para cuantificar estos efectos se recurre a un modelo de equilibrio general que parte del supuesto de que el incremento del gasto del gobierno es financiado con un mayor endeudamiento, lo cual eleva la percepción de riesgo del país. Como resultado, las condiciones financieras más exigentes llevarían a una caída en el consumo de los hogares y a una mayor depreciación del peso que a su vez reduce el consumo y la inversión privada. La contracción de la demanda interna privada no alcanza a ser compensado por el aumento del gasto público (impulsado por el proyecto de ley) y de las exportaciones, lo cual se refleja en un menor nivel del PIB. Es importante señalar que los resultados descritos no consideran el impacto sobre el gasto del gobierno nacional debido al traslado de competencias a los municipios y departamentos.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL SARIMA UNTUK MERAMALKAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN OBAT DI INDONESIA
Authors: Nugra Irianta Denashurya
Published: November 2024

Tanaman obat memiliki peran penting dalam budaya Indonesia dan digunakan secara luas dalam bidang kesehatan dan kecantikan. Produksi tanaman obat sangat krusial bagi industri fitofarmaka, yang merupakan industri penting bagi kesehatan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, meramalkan produksi tanaman obat di masa depan menjadi sangat penting untuk memastikan ketersediaan bahan baku yang memadai bagi industri fitofarmaka. Salah satu metode peramalan yang sering digunakan adalah Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA), yang digunakan untuk memprediksi data berkala atau data yang memiliki pola musiman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model SARIMA untuk meramalkan produksi kencur sebagai salah satu jenis tanaman obat di Indonesia dan menganalisis dampaknya pada industri fitofarmaka. Data produksi kencur dan dua jenis tanaman obat lainnya diambil dari Badan Pusat Statistik (2024) dan sumber lainnya, untuk setiap bulan dari Januari 2015 sampai Desember 2024. Software statistik Python dengan menggunakan paket "statsmodels" digunakan untuk mengolah data dan membuat ramalan produksi kencur di masa depan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model SARIMA yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan untuk meramalkan produksi tanaman obat di masa depan dengan akurasi yang baik.
Medicinal plants play an important role in Indonesian culture and are widely used in health and beauty fields. The production of medicinal plants is crucial for the phytopharmaceutical industry, which is an important industry for public health. Therefore, forecasting medicinal plant production in the future becomes very important to ensure adequate raw materials for the phytopharmaceutical industry. One of the forecasting methods commonly used is Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA), which is used to predict periodic or seasonally patterned data. This study aims to develop a SARIMA model to forecast the production of "kencur" as one of the medicinal plants in Indonesia and analyze its impact on the phytopharmaceutical industry. Data on "kencur" production and two other types of medicinal plants were taken from the Central Bureau of Statistics (2024) and other sources, for every month from January 2015 to December 2024. Python statistical software using the "statsmodels" package was used to process data and create forecasts of future "kencur" production. The results of the study showed that the developed SARIMA model can be used to forecast medicinal plant production in the future with good accuracy.
ANALISIS RANTAI PASOK CABAI MERAH DI DESA KEPAU JAYA KECAMATAN SIAK HULU KABUPATEN KAMPAR PROVINSI RIAU
Authors: Ilma Satriana Dewi  , Andrian Jeffry
Published: November 2024

Aktivitas rantai pasok dapat mempengaruhi kuantitas dan kualitas cabai merah. Perubahan cabai merah yang cukup cepat memerlukan pelaku rantai pasok yang terlibat dan waktu pendistribusian yang efektif, agar pada saat sampai ke konsumen cabai merah masih dalam kondisi yang segar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mekanisme rantai pasok dan efisiensi rantai pasok cabai merah. Metode yang digunakan adalah adalah survei. Lokasi penelitian di Desa Kepau Jaya Kecamatan Siak Hulu Kabupaten Kampar. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama enam bulan dari Januari – Juni 2023. Responden petani dan pedagang pengumpul diambil secara sensus dengan jumlah sebanyak 24 petani dan 2 orang pedagang pengumpul, pedagang pengecer dan konsumen diambil secara sengaja (purposive) masing – masing sebanyak 2 orang. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mekanisme aliran rantai pasok cabai merah terdiri dari aliran barang yang dimulai petani cabai merah ke pedagang pengumpul, selanjutnya dialirkan ke pedagang pengecer kemudia ke konsumen. Aliran informasi terjadi secara timbal balik antar setiap pelaku rantai pasok. Aliran keuangan mengalir dari konsumen ke pedagang pengecer, lalu pedagang pengumpul dan terakhir ke petani cabai merah. Biaya distribusi cabai merah sebesar Rp.1.672,22/kg margin distribusi sebesar Rp.23.000/kg, farmer’s share sebesar 52,08% dan efisiensi distribusi 3,48%.
Supply chain activities can affect the quantity and quality of red chilies. A fairly fast change in red chilies requires involved supply chain actors and effective distribution times, so that when they reach consumers the red chilies are still in fresh condition. This research aims to analyze the supply chain mechanism and efficiency of the red chili supply chain. The method used is a survey. The research location is Kepau Jaya Village, Siak Hulu District, Kampar Regency. The research was carried out for six months from January - June 2023. Respondents from farmers and collecting traders were taken by census with a total of 24 farmers and 2 collecting traders, retailers and consumers were taken purposively (2 people each). The data analysis used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative. The research results show that the red chili supply chain flow mechanism consists of the flow of goods starting from red chili farmers to collecting traders, then flowing to retailers and then to consumers. The flow of information occurs reciprocally between each supply chain actor. Financial flows flow from consumers to retailers, then collectors and finally to red chili farmers. Red chili distribution costs are IDR 1,672.22/kg, distribution margin is IDR 23,000/kg, farmer's share is 52.08% and distribution efficiency is 3.48%.
Pharmacotherapy of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Pediatric Patients: A Review of Efficacy and Adverse Effects
Authors: Agrawal Amit , Bhargava Naina
Published: November 2024

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a hematological malignancy highly prevalent in children. B-cell ALL is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of B lymphoblasts, which impairs normal hematological function and causes clinical symptoms such as persistent fever, bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, petechiae, pallor, and bruising. The therapy for pediatric ALL encompasses four main approaches: surgical intervention, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Despite numerous medical advances over the years, only a few drugs have been approved for pediatric ALL. This review focuses on the mechanisms of action, efficacy, and adverse effects of pharmacotherapeutic agents that have been used to manage pediatric ALL over the years, such as vincristine, asparaginase, anthracyclines, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, and glucocorticoids. The review also highlights significant aspects of the prevalence of ALL in pediatric populations, the influence of genetics on ALL occurrence, and the fundamentals of treatment regimens. Survival rates in pediatric ALL are significantly higher compared to other malignancies; however, the treatment has a wide range of adverse effects that affect the patient’s quality of life during and post-treatment. Treatment options such as immunotherapy, stem cell transplantation, targeted therapy, gene modification, and novel drugs are constantly evolving and offer the potential for better management, especially in high-risk groups. Although the rate of remission and full recovery after treatment is quite high in pediatric ALL, the search for more effective and less toxic therapies remains a top priority, especially in cases of disease relapse.
Wound Healing Herbal Formulation from Essential Oil of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)
Authors: Wisdawati Wisdawati , Razak Rais
Published: November 2024

Untreated wound may lead to the infection. In some countries, plants are used to cure wound traditionally. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) has various bioactive compounds, including citronellol, limonene and geraniol that perform some pharmacological activities. In this study, the essential oil of lemongrass was designed into ointment formulation since lemongrass has been reported to have a wound healing effect in mice. The wound healing ointment made from different concentration of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (F1: EOCC 5%, F2: EOCC 10% and F3: EOCC 15%) using a water-removable base and the characteristic as well as the stability (texture, color, smell, homogeneity, and pH) after been stored for 14 days was also evaluated. The result showed that all formulation (F1, F2, and F3) of wound healing formulation revealed good texture, consistency, odor, color, homogeneity and compatible to the skin until 14 days of storage. However, F3 (EOCC 15%) has a strong lemongrass smell compare to the other formulations.
Isolation and identification of diosgenin and flavonoids compound from ethanol extract of Dioscorea hispida Dennst. tuber
Authors: Syahputra Hafid , Masfria  , Amana Meuthia Rizka , Rivai Muhammad
Published: November 2024

The tuber of Dioscorea hispida Dennst. has potential for development as a synthetic pharmaceutical ingredient due to the presence of secondary metabolites such as diosgenin and flavonoids, which exhibit biological activity within the body. Further exploration of this potential requires the isolation and identification of these compounds. Diosgenin was isolated from the ethanol extract using thin-layer chromatography, while flavonoids were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction using paper chromatography. The pure isolates of both compounds were identified using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and FT-IR spectroscopy. The UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis of diosgenin revealed maximum absorption wavelengths at 205 and 453 nm. Flavonoid isolates exhibited maximum absorption wavelengths of 264 nm for the first isolate, 265 nm for the second, 276 nm for the third, and 272 nm for the fourth. FT-IR spectroscopic analysis of the diosgenin isolate indicated the presence of functional groups such as -OH, aromatic C=C, and aromatic C-O, while the flavonoid isolate showed the presence of O-H, aromatic C-H, aliphatic C-H, C=O, C=C, and C-O. These identification results confirm that the isolates obtained indeed contain diosgenin and flavonoids.
СПОРТИВНА ДИПЛОМАТІЯ У СУЧАСНОМУ СВІТІ: ПРАВОВІ АСПЕКТИ
Authors: Коломоєць Т. О. , Гук І.-М.
Published: November 2024

Спортивна дипломатія стає все більш важливим інструментом у сфері міжнародних відносин, особливо в умовах глобалізації та зростання значення “м'якої сили”. Використання спорту для зміцнення міжнародного співробітництва, підтримки миру та розв'язання конфліктів вимагає чіткого правового регулювання. Водночас правові аспекти спортивної дипломатії часто залишаються недостатньо дослідженими, що може призводити до правових колізій та перешкоджати ефективній реалізації дипломатичних ініціатив через спорт. Тому, дослідження правових аспектів спортивної дипломатії є актуальним і необхідним для розуміння того, як забезпечити стабільне і правомірне використання цього інструменту в сучасному світі. У статті розглянуто правові аспекти спортивної дипломатії, яка набуває все більшої важливості у сучасному світі. Спортивна дипломатія використовується як інструмент міжнародного співробітництва, культурного обміну та підтримки зовнішньополітичних цілей. У роботі аналізуються основні правові рамки та нормативні акти, що регулюють діяльність у сфері спортивної дипломатії, а також розглядаються виклики, пов’язані з їхнім застосуванням. Крім того, звернено увагу на те, як правове регулювання може сприяти або, навпаки, перешкоджати ефективній реалізації спортивної дипломатії на міжнародному рівні. Підсумовано, що спортивна дипломатія – це новий термін для позначення давньої практики, яка відображає унікальну здатність спорту об'єднувати людей, нації та громади через спільний інтерес до фізичної активності. Виокремлено ключові теоретичні підходи до спортивної дипломатії, що допомагають краще зрозуміти складну взаємодію спорту, політики та дипломатії: традиційна спортивна дипломатія, нова спортивна дипломатія, спорт як форма дипломатії та спортивна антидипломатія.
A balancing act – developing a digital leadership strategy between digital and analouge worlds in the tourism and hotel industry.
Authors: Gardini Marco
Published: November 2024

Achieving a position of Digital Leadership requires a strong strategic response and cultural posture. Although digitalisation and artificial intelligence is increasingly seen as an opportunity rather than a threat by the vast majority of players in tourism and hospitality industry, the digitalisation activities currently being observed by numerous players are more of a reactive, operational and/or isolated nature than part of a dedicated and integrated digitalisation strategy, with clearly defined goals and the aim of transforming a traditional tourism offering into a digitalisation-capable and therefore sustainable business model. This paper aims to clarify how tourism and hospitality organisations strategically respond to the challenges imposed by digitalisation and artificial intelligence and to identify some tensions and challenges in the related strategic approach. Key Words: Digital Leadership, Strategy, Analogization, Digitalisation, Transformation
The Role of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Supporting Indonesia’s Economic Resilience
Authors: Wahyudi Ahmad Shohibboniawan , Yulivan Ivan , Rahman Aditya
Published: November 2024

The current entrepreneurship rate in Indonesia is only 3.47%, much lower than neighboring countries such as Singapore, Thailand, and Malaysia. This shows that there is a significant gap in the development of entrepreneurship in Indonesia, which is very important to drive economic growth. Entrepreneurship plays an important role in job creation, innovation, and diversification of economic income sources. In this context, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the main pillars of sustainable economic growth and contribute positively to improving the community’s quality of life. This study aims to review the role of MSMEs in contributing to national economic resilience, both when the economic situation is stable and dynamic. This study uses a descriptive approach based on the data and information obtained. This study found that MSMEs have a crucial role in improving people’s welfare and supporting economic growth in Indonesia, which affects national economic resilience. MSMEs also contribute significantly to the development of creativity and innovation and are able to adapt to dynamic market changes. The government should provide facilities and access to digital technology, export markets, and financing. Supportive policies and simpler regulations must be improved to strengthen the MSME sector. A holistic approach is needed to implement cross-sector collaboration involving government, business, academics, and communities to support sustainable economic growth.
Comparative Analysis of Koninklijk Nederlandsch-Indisch Leger (KNIL) and Pembela Tanah Air (PETA) Military Training as Precursors to the Indonesian National Armed Forces
Authors: Utama Taqwa Ridlo
Published: November 2024

The Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) were formed from three groups with different training backgrounds: those trained by the Dutch, Japanese, and civilian militias. Only the first two groups underwent professional military training. The Dutch military trained the first group as part of the Koninklijk Nederlandsch-Indisch Leger (KNIL), and the second group received military training from the Japanese while being part of the Volunteer Army for the Defence of the Homeland (Pembela Tanah Air or PETA). This article conducts a comparative analysis of the military training received by soldiers from KNIL and PETA. It examines the aspects that differentiate the training of these two armed forces, which served as the foundation for the Indonesian military. This research approach uses historical methods and sociological analysis. The study utilizes primary and secondary sources, with primary sources as the main references. These primary sources were obtained by examining contemporary newspaper records and autobiographical notes from individuals who underwent training in KNIL and PETA. Notable newspaper sources include Asia Raya, Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad, De Sumatra Post, Kan Po, and Soerabaiasch Handelsblad. The findings revealed significant differences between the KNIL and PETA training programs, which can be classified into technical training and training culture. Technical training differences included divisions, recruitment, classification, duration, and content. Training culture differed as KNIL adopted Western military professionalism, emphasizing separation from civilian life. In contrast, PETA adopted the Japanese bushido doctrine and the Remarkable Trinity concept, emphasizing harmony between the military, government, and people. This study concludes that the training and frameworks established by both groups played a crucial role as precursors to the TNI.
Prevention System Towards Terrorist Attacks at Police Headquarters: Astana Anyar Police Station and Indonesian National Police Headquarters Case Studies
Authors: Apriliasari Annisa Yudha , Priyanto Sapto
Published: November 2024

A terrorist attack is an act that targets vital objects that have a high intensity of activity, such as public service places (police), public facilities (places of worship), and crowd centers (tourist attractions). One of the aims of targeting attacks in crowded locations is that they can provide massive coverage and dissemination of news to create fear in the wider community. In efforts to prevent counterterrorism in Indonesia, various counterterrorism policies implemented by the government, including the crime prevention system in potential terror attack locations, have been implemented to limit the possibility of terror attacks occurring. The aim of this study is to offer recommendations for future terrorism prevention strategies, with a particular focus on police headquarters in Indonesia and regional police offices. This paper uses a qualitative approach through several primary and secondary data collection methods. The data results are described using Lifestyle Exposure and Routine Activity Theory (L-RAT), Routine Activity Theory (RAT), and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED). Crime prevention with the CPTED approach can be used to reduce opportunities for terrorist attacks, decrease fear of crime, improve quality neighborly relationships, and seek a safer and more secure workplace. Counter-surveillance can use analysis from the L-RAT and RAT approaches that allow changes in routine activity patterns or lifestyles to make it difficult for potential criminals to analyze and can reduce the potential for crime acts.
A HOLISTIC OVERVIEW: INDONESIA'S GEOTHERMAL ENERGY ENCOURAGES GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT INVESTMENT IN SUPPORT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE
Authors: Azmi Ulul , Sasongko Nugroho Adi , Murtiana Sri , Yanto Sri , Saputro Guntur Eko , Laksmono Rudy , Supriyadi Imam
Published: November 2024

The Pacific Ring of Fire passes across Indonesia physically, and the country's intense volcanic and tectonic activity has produced a wealth of geothermal resources that could reach 23,46 GW, distributed over 357 sites. To promote the decarbonization of Indonesia's electricity supply and the advancement of geothermal energy, the Indonesian government issued Presidential Regulation No. 112/2022 on the Acceleration of Renewable Energy Development for Electricity Supply in 2022. To incentivize GPPs to invest, the lack of bids in PLN's most recent procurement from 2021 requires more than the maximum electricity tariff. Investing in geothermal projects has some regulatory obstacles in addition to cost concerns. This study aims to assess geothermal investment in Indonesia and reduce reliance on fossil fuels, which are susceptible to price and supply volatility. GPPs ensure a consistent energy supply for national needs to support national defense. The method used is descriptive qualitative, which relies on literature studies that discuss appropriate issues. The National Energy Management Blueprint 2006-2025 presents the survey results. The Government of Indonesia plans geothermal energy to contribute about 5% of the national energy mix or about 7,32 GW in 2025. However, the realization of installed geothermal power plant capacity in 2023 only reached 2,38 GW, or 32,52 percent of the planned capacity to be installed. Through the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, the government needs to increase the purchase price of electricity from IPP GPPs to create a good investment climate and continue to grow the geothermal industry.
An Adaptable Gamification Design in Online Education Based on the D6 Gamification Model
Authors: Özmen Erhan , Kan Ayşe Ülkü
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study is to present an adaptive gamification design in online education using the D6 gamification model and to guide researchers and gamification designers in the decision mechanisms that can be used in the gamification process of online systems. The study utilized a design-based research approach by using two iterative cycles during the development of the system. The initial gamification design was developed with the help of existing literature, and then this design was evaluated by a team of 14 people consisting of two software engineers, four educational sciences specialists, one graphic designer, one front end developer, two gamification specialists and four educational technologists selected by purposive sampling method. The design was also applied to a group of 14 female and 20 male students using the system. These students interacted with the system for two weeks and provided feedback in two one-week cycles. At the end of the two-week period, feedback from both experts and students showed that the usability of gamification can be maximized by improving and diversifying the content, increasing interaction, using reward mechanisms correctly, adapting the content for different age groups, including elements such as excitement and progression, encouraging participation with bonus points, balancing points with badges, ranking levels, using sound and time correctly, and designing a user-friendly interface.
Technocapitalism and The Beatles: Nostalgia in the Age of Digital Consumption
Authors: Hua Chudi
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the intersection of technocapitalism and the commodification of nostalgia, using the digital remastering and online distribution of The Beatles’ music as a case study. It examines how technocapitalism, understood as the fusion of advanced technology and capitalist practices, has enabled the rebranding and commercialization of nostalgic cultural artifacts. Employing a qualitative research methodology, this study analyzes digital archives, music sales data, and consumer reviews to uncover how digital remastering and distribution impact cultural heritage and consumer behavior. Key findings reveal that while technocapitalism provides unprecedented access to nostalgic content and preserves cultural artifacts, it raises questions about authenticity and the reshaping of consumer experiences through technology. The research highlights the complexities of navigating nostalgia in the digital marketplace and offers insights into how technology and capitalism influence the consumption and perception of cultural heritage, particularly in the case of The Beatles’ music.
Applied deep learning to nanopore sequencing
Authors:   , Pagès Gallego Marc
Published: November 2024

Machine learning, particularly neural networks and deep learning, has significantly advanced bioinformatics by enabling the analysis of complex biological data. Nanopore sequencing, a third generation sequencing technology, deciphers DNA sequences and detects epigenetic modifications by measuring electric signals affected by DNA bases and their modifications. This thesis explores the integration of machine learning models into nanopore sequencing to address challenges in DNA sequencing, modification detection, and rapid tumor diagnostics.

Basecalling, the translation of electric signals into DNA sequences, is currently dominated by neural network models due to advances in sequence-to-sequence translation. In Chapter 2, a standardized benchmark was developed to evaluate existing basecalling models, ensuring consistency in datasets and metrics. This benchmark identifies factors contributing to model performance and mistake patterns, providing a robust framework for comparing future basecallers without retraining.

Chapter 3 introduces a deep learning model, esox, designed to detect 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), an oxidative DNA lesion implicated in mutagenesis and epigenetic regulation. Due to the scarcity of training data for 8-oxo-dG, synthetic oligonucleotides were developed to generate ground truth data. Using esox, genome-wide patterns of 8-oxo-dG were analyzed, revealing insights into its distribution, its relationship with C>A mutations, and its interactions with methylation. This approach demonstrates the potential for expanding the range of detectable base modifications using nanopore sequencing.

In Chapter 4, a machine learning model, Sturgeon, was developed to classify central nervous system (CNS) tumors in real time during surgery. Current tumor diagnostics rely on microarray-based methylation profiling, which is too slow for intraoperative decision-making. Nanopore sequencing offers real-time data analysis, and by simulating nanopore sequencing data from microarray profiles, Sturgeon enables tumor classification in under 90 minutes, providing actionable insights during surgery.

Finally, Chapter 5 explores challenges and future directions in applying machine learning to bioinformatics and nanopore sequencing. These include the scarcity of ground truth data, the rarity of certain DNA modifications, and the need to integrate diverse datasets generated by older and newer technologies. The thesis proposes that neural networks are well-suited for creating platform-agnostic models to bridge these gaps, potentially advancing the field of bioinformatics.
The Status of Muslim Women in the Asr al-Saadet (Age of Prosperit)
Authors: Jumshudova Aisha , Safarov Gadir
Published: November 2024

In fact, it can be easily said that during the Prophet's time and in the early periods after him, women were visibly active in the fields of science, commerce, and politics. Because at the time of the revelation of the Qur'an, not only men but also women were making great efforts to learn and teach the Prophet's message as in many other fields. In the first period, many female Companions, especially Prophet 'A'isha and other Ummah-i Believers, made serious efforts to learn the hadiths and pass them on to future generations. The woman, like the man, is Allah's caliph on earth. There is no difference between men and women in terms of honor, dignity and value in the sight of Allah. Both have separate rights and duties. During the Jahiliyyah period, girls were buried alive after birth, but the birth of Islam and the Age of Bliss (the Age of the Prophet) marked the beginning of a happy era for women. Muslim women companions actively participated in education, religious discussions, trade and warfare. In conclusion, Islam aimed to liberate women from the violence of the age of ignorance. It emphasized women's freedom of property, work, learning knowledge and family happiness.
Exploring the Efficacy of Scaffolded Learning in English Language Learning at the Secondary School Level
Authors: Pashayev Elnur , Surkhayzade Shabnam , Abdullayeva Azarin , Aghayeva Khanim
Published: November 2024

The educational landscape is evolving, with a shift towards innovative pedagogical strategies to improve student learning outcomes. This article explores the effectiveness of scaffolded learning in secondary school English language education as a means to enhance student engagement and learning experiences. By comparing scaffolded learning with traditional teaching methods, the study aims to evaluate its impact on English language skills, student motivation, attitudes towards learning, and long-term retention and application of language skills. Challenges faced by educators in implementing scaffolded learning, its influence on classroom dynamics, feedback mechanisms, inclusivity, and adaptability to diverse student needs and IQ levels will also be examined. The findings seek to contribute valuable insights to optimize English language teaching practices in secondary schools.
Pontryagin Neural Networks for the Class of Optimal Control Problems With Integral Quadratic Cost
Authors: Schiassi Enrico , Calabrò Francesco , De Falco Davide Elia
Published: November 2024

This work introduces Pontryagin Neural Networks (PoNNs), a specialised subset of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) that aim to learn optimal control actions for optimal control problems (OCPs) characterised by integral quadratic cost functions. PoNNs employ the Pontryagin Minimum Principle (PMP) to establish necessary conditions for optimality, resulting in a two-point boundary value problem (TPBVP) that involves both state and costate variables within a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). By modelling the unknown solutions of the TPBVP with neural networks, PoNNs effectively learn the optimal control strategies. We also derive upper bounds on the generalisation error of PoNNs in solving these OCPs, taking into account the selection and quantity of training points along with the training error. To validate our theoretical analysis, we perform numerical experiments on benchmark linear and nonlinear OCPs. The results indicate that PoNNs can successfully learn open-loop control actions for the considered class of OCPs, outperforming the commercial software GPOPS-II in terms of both accuracy and computational efficiency. The reduced computational time suggests that PoNNs hold promise for real-time applications.
Optimization of solid-state fermented corn distillers dried grains with solubles: effects on growth performance and tissue morphology in broiler chickens
Authors: Peng Yuqing , Wang Mengchen , Zheng Zewei , Wang Lei , Zhang Xuelei , Cheng Kang , Zhang Yong
Published: November 2024

In recent years, the use of corn DDGS has alleviated the problem of protein feed shortages to a certain extent; however, its high mycotoxin content seriously restricts its application in feedstuffs. In this study, the conditions of solid-state fermented corn DDGS were optimized to investigate changes in the nutrient composition of solid-state fermented corn DDGS and their effects on the growth performance and histological section of yellow-feathered broilers. The optimal strain ratio for solid-state fermentation was determined by orthogonal testing as 1:1:2 for B. desmois JA3:B. subtilis ANSB01G: and B. subtilis ANSB060, and the response value was the score of the degradation rate of Deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) weighted by 4:4:2. Optimal conditions for the solid-state fermentation of maize DDGS were determined by B-Behnken response surface design: the inoculum amount was 1%, the feed to liquid ratio was 1:1.25, the fermentation temperature was 37°C, and the fermentation time was 29.5 h. The optimal conditions for solid-state fermentation of maize DDGS were as follows: the inoculum amount was 1%, the material-liquid ratio was 1:1.25, the fermentation temperature was 37°C, the fermentation time was 29.5h, and the degradation rates of DON, ZEN, and AFB1 in the fermented maize DDGS were 81.6%, 55.18%, and 41.14%, respectively. Moreover, solid-state fermentation significantly improved the nutrient content, in which the amounts of amino acids, crude ash, and crude fat were significantly increased (P < 0.05) and the content of crude fiber was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and crude fiber increased significantly (P < 0.05); in addition, compared with the control group, the addition of fermented maize DDGS significantly increased the daily calorific intake of broiler chickens, the daily weight gain (P < 0.05); heart, liver and intestinal tissues underwent no obvious pathological changes.
Utilization of nanomaterials in MRI contrast agents and their role in therapy guided by imaging
Authors: Wang Wenjia , Shang Shufan , Wang Ye , Xu Bing
Published: November 2024

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a globally acknowledged diagnostic procedure particularly recognized for its superior soft tissue contrast, high-resolution imaging, and non-ionizing radiation properties, making it an indispensable tool in the medical field. However, to optimize MRI’s sensitivity and specificity towards certain diseases, use of contrast agents becomes necessary. Recent developments focus on nanomaterial-based MRI contrast agents to improve diagnostic accuracy and image quality. This review highlights advancements in such agents, including metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon-based materials, gold nanoparticles, and quantum dots. It discusses their roles in MRI-guided therapies like targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia, radiation therapy, photodynamic therapy, immunity-boosting therapy, and gene therapy. Insights into the future potential of MRI contrast agents in imaging medicine are also provided.
Advanced therapy to cure diabetes: mission impossible is now possible?
Authors: Rohban Rokhsareh , Martins Christina P. , Esni Farzad
Published: November 2024

Cell and Gene therapy are referred to as advanced therapies that represent overlapping fields of regenerative medicine. They have similar therapeutic goals such as to modify cellular identity, improve cell function, or fight a disease. These two therapeutic avenues, however, possess major differences. While cell therapy involves introduction of new cells, gene therapy entails introduction or modification of genes. Furthermore, the aim of cell therapy is often to replace, or repair damaged tissue, whereas gene therapy is used typically as a preventive approach. Diabetes mellitus severely affects the quality of life of afflicted individuals and has various side effects including cardiovascular, ophthalmic disorders, and neuropathy while putting enormous economic pressure on both the healthcare system and the patient. In recent years, great effort has been made to develop cutting-edge therapeutic interventions for diabetes treatment, among which cell and gene therapies stand out. This review aims to highlight various cell- and gene-based therapeutic approaches leading to the generation of new insulin-producing cells as a topmost “panacea” for treating diabetes, while deliberately avoiding a detailed molecular description of these approaches. By doing so, we aim to target readers who are new to the field and wish to get a broad helicopter overview of the historical and current trends of cell- and gene-based approaches in β-cell regeneration.