bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemotherapy-Related Cardiac Dysfunction
Authors: Linschoten Marijke , Teske Arco J. , Cramer Maarten J. , van der Wall Elsken , Asselbergs Folkert W.
Published: October 2018

Chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction is a significant side effect of anticancer treatment. Risk stratification is based on clinical- and treatment-related risk factors that do not adequately explain individual susceptibility. The addition of genetic variants may improve risk assessment. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed and Embase, to identify studies investigating genetic risk factors for chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction. Included were articles describing genetic variants in humans altering susceptibility to chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction. The validity of identified studies was assessed by 10 criteria, including assessment of population stratification, statistical methodology, and replication of findings. We identified 40 studies: 34 exploring genetic risk factors for anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (n=9678) and 6 studies related to trastuzumab-associated cardiotoxicity (n=642). The majority (35/40) of studies had a candidate gene approach, whereas 5 genome-wide association studies have been performed. We identified 25 genetic variants in 20 genes and 2 intergenic variants reported significant at least once. The overall validity of studies was limited, with small cohorts, failure to assess population ancestry and lack of replication. SNPs with the most robust evidence up to this point areCELF4rs1786814 (sarcomere structure and function),RARGrs2229774 (topoisomerase-2β expression),SLC28A3rs7853758 (drug transport),UGT1A6rs17863783 (drug metabolism), and 1 intergenic variant (rs28714259). Existing evidence supports the hypothesis that genetic variation contributes to chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction. Although many variants identified by this systematic review show potential to improve risk stratification, future studies are necessary for validation and assessment of their value in a diagnostic and prognostic setting.
Genetic Variants Influencing Plasma Renin Activity in Hypertensive Patients From the PEAR Study (Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses)
Authors: McDonough Caitrin W. , Magvanjav Oyunbileg , Sá Ana C.C. , El Rouby Nihal M. , Dave Chintan , Deitchman Amelia N. , Kawaguchi-Suzuki Marina , Mei Wenbin , Shen Yong , Singh Ravi Shankar Prasad , Solayman Mohamed , Bailey Kent R. , Boerwinkle Eric , Chapman Arlene B. , Gums John G. , Webb Amy , Scherer Steven E. , Sadee Wolfgang , Turner Stephen T. , Cooper-DeHoff Rhonda M. , Gong Yan , Johnson Julie A.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Plasma renin is an important regulator of blood pressure (BP). Plasma renin activity (PRA) has been shown to correlate with variability in BP response to antihypertensive agents. We conducted a genome-wide association study to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with baseline PRA using data from the PEAR study (Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses).

Methods:

Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in 461 whites and 297 blacks using an additive model, adjusting for age, sex, and ancestry-specific principal components. Top SNPs were prioritized by testing the expected direction of association for BP response to atenolol and hydrochlorothiazide. Top regions from the BP response prioritization were tested for functional evidence through differences in gene expression by genotype using RNA sequencing data. Regions with functional evidence were assessed for replication with baseline PRA in an independent study (PEAR-2).

Results:

Our top SNP rs3784921 was in the
SNN-TXNDC11
gene region. The G allele of rs3784921 was associated with higher baseline PRA (β=0.47;
P
=2.09×10
−6
) and smaller systolic BP reduction in response to hydrochlorothiazide (β=2.97; 1-sided
P
=0.006). In addition,
TXNDC11
expression differed by rs3784921 genotype (
P
=0.007), and rs1802409, a proxy SNP for rs3784921 (
r
2
=0.98–1.00), replicated in PEAR-2 (β=0.15; 1-sided
P
=0.038). Additional SNPs associated with baseline PRA that passed BP response prioritization were in/near the genes
CHD9, XIRP2,
and
GHR.

Conclusions:

We identified multiple regions associated with baseline PRA that were prioritized through BP response signals to 2 mechanistically different antihypertensive drugs.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00246519.
Outcomes of Contemporary Family Screening in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: van Velzen Hannah G. , Schinkel Arend F.L. , Baart Sara J. , Oldenburg Rogier A. , Frohn-Mulder Ingrid M.E. , van Slegtenhorst Marjon A. , Michels Michelle
Published: October 2018

Background:

Contemporary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) family screening includes clinical evaluation and genetic testing (GT). This screening strategy requires the identification of a pathogenic mutation in the proband. Our aim was to examine the results of this HCM screening strategy.

Methods:

Between 1985 and 2016, 777 relatives of 209 probands were assessed in the context of HCM screening. Genotype-positive (G+) relatives and relatives without genetic testing (GT) underwent repeated clinical evaluations. In genotype-negative (G-) relatives mortality was assessed during follow-up.

Results:

A pathogenic mutation was identified in 72% of probands. After counseling, GT was performed in 620 (80%) relatives: 264 (43%) were G+ (age 41±18 y) and 356 (57%) were G- (age 48±17 y). At first screening, HCM was diagnosed in 98 (37%) G+ relatives and 28 (17%) relatives without GT (
p
<0.001). During 9 years follow-up of relatives diagnosed with HCM, 8 (6%) underwent septal reduction therapy, 16 (16%) received primary prevention ICDs, and cardiac mortality was 0.3%/year. During 7 years follow-up of relatives without HCM, 29 (16%) developed HCM. Survival at 5/10 years was 99%/95% in G+ relatives, 97%/94% in G- relatives (
p
=0.8), and 100%/100% in relatives without GT.

Conclusions:

HCM was identified in 30% of relatives at first screening, and 16% developed HCM during 7 years of repeated evaluation. GT led to a discharge from clinical follow-up in 46% of the study population. Survival in the relatives was good.
From Genotype to Phenotype
Authors: Lin Jennie , Musunuru Kiran
Published: October 2018

Genome-wide association studies have implicated many human genomic loci in the development of complex traits. The loci identified by these studies are potentially involved in novel pathways that contribute to disease pathophysiology. However, eventual therapeutic targeting of these pathways relies on bridging the gap between genetic association and function—a task that first requires validation of causal genetic variants, casual genes, and directionality of effect. Executing this task requires basic knowledge of interpreting genome-wide association study results and prioritizing candidates for further study, in addition to understanding the experimental methods available for evaluating candidate variants. Here, we review the basic genetic principles of genome-wide association studies, the computational and experimental tools used for identifying causal variants and genes, and salient illustrative examples of how cardiovascular loci have undergone functional investigation.
Hyperacute Monocyte Gene Response Patterns Are Associated With Lower Extremity Vein Bypass Graft Failure
Authors: Rehfuss Jonathan P. , DeSart Kenneth M. , Rozowsky Jared M. , O’Malley Kerri A. , Moldawer Lyle L. , Baker Henry V. , Wang Yaqun , Wu Rongling , Nelson Peter R. , Berceli Scott A.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Despite being the definitive treatment for lower extremity peripheral arterial disease, vein bypass grafts fail in half of all cases. Early repair mechanisms after implantation, governed largely by the immune environment, contribute significantly to long-term outcomes. The current study investigates the early response patterns of circulating monocytes as a determinant of graft outcome.

Methods:

In 48 patients undergoing infrainguinal vein bypass grafting, the transcriptomes of circulating monocytes were analyzed preoperatively and at 1, 7, and 28 days post-operation.

Results:

Dynamic clustering algorithms identified 50 independent gene response patterns. Three clusters (64 genes) were differentially expressed, with a hyperacute response pattern defining those patients with failed versus patent grafts 12 months post-operation. A second independent data set, comprised of 96 patients subjected to major trauma, confirmed the value of these 64 genes in predicting an uncomplicated versus complicated recovery. Causal network analysis identified 8 upstream elements that regulate these mediator genes, and Bayesian analysis with a priori knowledge of the biological interactions was integrated to create a functional network describing the relationships among the regulatory elements and downstream mediator genes. Linear models predicted the removal of either
STAT3
(signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) or
MYD88
(myeloid differentiation primary response 88) to shift mediator gene expression levels toward those seen in successful grafts.

Conclusions:

A novel combination of dynamic gene clustering, linear models, and Bayesian network analysis has identified a core set of regulatory genes whose manipulations could migrate vein grafts toward a more favorable remodeling phenotype.
CETP (Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein) Concentration
Authors: Blauw Lisanne L. , Li-Gao Ruifang , Noordam Raymond , de Mutsert Renée , Trompet Stella , Berbée Jimmy F.P. , Wang Yanan , van Klinken Jan B. , Christen Tim , van Heemst Diana , Mook-Kanamori Dennis O. , Rosendaal Frits R. , Jukema J. Wouter , Rensen Patrick C.N. , Willems van Dijk Ko
Published: October 2018

Background:

We aimed to identify independent genetic determinants of circulating CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) to assess causal effects of variation in CETP concentration on circulating lipid concentrations and cardiovascular disease risk.

Methods:

A genome-wide association discovery and replication study on serum CETP concentration were embedded in the NEO study (Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity). Based on the independent identified variants, Mendelian randomization was conducted on serum lipids (NEO study) and coronary artery disease (CAD; CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium).

RESULTS:

In the discovery analysis (n=4248), we identified 3 independent variants (
P
<5×10
−8
) that determine CETP concentration. These single-nucleotide polymorphisms were mapped to
CETP
and replicated in a separate subpopulation (n=1458). Per-allele increase (SE) in serum CETP was 0.32 (0.02) µg/mL for rs247616-C, 0.35 (0.02) µg/mL for rs12720922-A, and 0.12 (0.02) µg/mL for rs1968905-G. Combined, these 3 variants explained 16.4% of the total variation in CETP concentration. One microgram per milliliter increase in genetically determined CETP concentration strongly decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−0.23 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval, −0.26 to −0.20), moderately increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.08 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval, 0.00–0.16), and was associated with an odds ratio of 1.08 (95% confidence interval, 0.94–1.23) for CAD risk.

Conclusions:

This is the first genome-wide association study identifying independent variants that largely determine CETP concentration. Although high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is not a causal risk factor for CAD, it has been unequivocally demonstrated that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering is proportionally associated with a lower CAD risk. Therefore, the results of our study are fully consistent with the notion that CETP concentration is causally associated with CAD through low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Functional Assays to Screen and Dissect Genomic Hits
Authors: Musunuru Kiran , Bernstein Daniel , Cole F. Sessions , Khokha Mustafa K. , Lee Frank S. , Lin Shin , McDonald Thomas V. , Moskowitz Ivan P. , Quertermous Thomas , Sankaran Vijay G. , Schwartz David A. , Silverman Edwin K. , Zhou Xiaobo , Hasan Ahmed A.K. , Luo Xiao-zhong James
Published: October 2018

The National Institutes of Health have made substantial investments in genomic studies and technologies to identify DNA sequence variants associated with human disease phenotypes. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute has been at the forefront of these commitments to ascertain genetic variation associated with heart, lung, blood, and sleep diseases and related clinical traits. Genome-wide association studies, exome- and genome-sequencing studies, and exome-genotyping studies of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute–funded epidemiological and clinical case–control studies are identifying large numbers of genetic variants associated with heart, lung, blood, and sleep phenotypes. However, investigators face challenges in identification of genomic variants that are functionally disruptive among the myriad of computationally implicated variants. Studies to define mechanisms of genetic disruption encoded by computationally identified genomic variants require reproducible, adaptable, and inexpensive methods to screen candidate variant and gene function. High-throughput strategies will permit a tiered variant discovery and genetic mechanism approach that begins with rapid functional screening of a large number of computationally implicated variants and genes for discovery of those that merit mechanistic investigation. As such, improved variant-to-gene and gene-to-function screens—and adequate support for such studies—are critical to accelerating the translation of genomic findings. In this White Paper, we outline the variety of novel technologies, assays, and model systems that are making such screens faster, cheaper, and more accurate, referencing published work and ongoing work supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s R21/R33 Functional Assays to Screen Genomic Hits program. We discuss priorities that can accelerate the impressive but incomplete progress represented by big data genomic research.
Relationship Between Enrolling Country Income Level and Patient Profile, Protocol Completion, and Trial End Points
Authors: Greene Stephen J. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Sun Jie-Lena , Butler Javed , Armstrong Paul W. , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Zannad Faiez , Ferreira João Pedro , Coles Adrian , Metra Marco , Voors Adriaan A. , Califf Robert M. , O’Connor Christopher M. , Mentz Robert J.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Globalization of clinical trials fosters inclusion of higher and lower income countries, but the influence of enrolling country income level on heart failure trial performance is unclear. This study sought to evaluate associations between enrolling country income level, acute heart failure patient profile, protocol completion, and trial end points.

Methods and Results:

The ASCEND-HF (Acute Study of Clinical Effectiveness of Nesiritide in Decompensated Heart Failure) trial included 7141 patients with acute heart failure from 30 countries. Country income data in gross national income per capita in current US dollars from the year 2007 (ie, the year trial enrollment began) were abstracted from the World Bank. Patients were grouped by enrolling country income level (ie, high [>$11 455], upper middle [$3706–$11 455], lower middle [$936–$3705], and low [<$936]). Income data were available for 29 (97%) countries (N=7064). There were 3996 (57%), 1518 (21%), and 1550 (22%) patients from high-income, upper-middle–income, and lower-middle–income countries, respectively. There were no patients from low-income countries. Patients from lower-middle–income countries tended to be younger with fewer comorbidities and lower utilization of guideline-directed therapies. Rates of adverse events (13.8%) and protocol noncompletion (4.9%) during 180-day follow-up were highest among high-income countries (all
P
<0.01). After adjustment for race, geographic region, and clinical characteristics, compared with lower-middle–income countries, enrollment from higher income countries was associated with increased 30-day mortality or rehospitalization (high income: odds ratio, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.02–2.85; upper-middle-income: odds ratio, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.23–3.81), driven by higher rates of rehospitalization. Mortality was similar at 30 and 180 days. The association between higher country income and the 30-day composite end point was similar across geographic regions, with exception of Latin America (
P
for interaction, 0.03).

Conclusions:

In this global acute heart failure trial, patients from higher income countries had lower rates of protocol completion, higher rates of adverse events, and similar mortality rates. After adjustment for race, geographic region, and clinical factors, enrollment from a higher income country was associated with worse clinical outcomes, driven by higher rates of rehospitalization. Variation in enrolling country income level may influence study end points and trial performance independent of geographic region.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00475852.
Impact of Missing Stroke Severity Data on the Accuracy of Hospital Ischemic Stroke Mortality Profiling
Authors: Thompson Michael P. , Luo Zhehui , Gardiner Joseph , Burke James F. , Nickles Adrienne , Reeves Mathew J.
Published: October 2018

Background:

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services have proposed 30-day ischemic stroke risk-standardized mortality rates that include adjustment for stroke severity using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), which is often undocumented. We used simulations to quantify the effect of missing NIHSS data on the accuracy of hospital-level ischemic stroke risk-standardized mortality rate profiling for 100 hypothetical hospitals with different case volumes.

Methods and Results:

We generated simulated data sets of patients with NIHSS scores and other predictors of 30-day mortality based on empirical analysis of data from 7654 patients with ischemic stroke in the Michigan Stroke Registry. We assigned and rank-ordered a true (known) 30-day mortality rate to each hospital in the simulated data sets of N=100 hospitals with either low (100 patients with stroke), medium (300), or high (500) case volumes. We then estimated and rank-ordered 30-day risk-standardized mortality rates for the N=100 hospitals in each simulated data set using hierarchical logistic regression models. In each data set, we systematically varied the rate of missing NIHSS data and whether missing NIHSS data was independent (missing completely at random) or dependent (missing not at random) on the NIHSS score. With no missing NIHSS data, the Spearman correlation between the true hospital performance rank order assigned during data set generation and the estimated 30-day risk-standardized mortality rate rank order was 0.72, 0.88, and 0.91 in low, medium, and high volume hospitals, respectively. However, this fell to as low as 0.50, 0.71, and 0.79 as missing NIHSS data reached 70%.

Conclusions:

Missing NIHSS data had substantial detrimental effects on the accuracy of profiling of ischemic stroke mortality, especially in lower volume hospitals. Even with complete NIHSS documentation, significant limitations in ischemic stroke mortality profiling remain.
Meta‐Analysis Global Group in Chronic (MAGGIC) Heart Failure Risk Score: Validation of a Simple Tool for the Prediction of Morbidity and Mortality in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Rich Jonathan D. , Burns Jacob , Freed Benjamin H. , Maurer Mathew S. , Burkhoff Daniel , Shah Sanjiv J.
Published: October 2018

Background

The Meta‐Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (
MAGGIC
) mortality risk score, derived from a large sample of patients with heart failure (
HF
) across the spectrum of ejection fraction (
EF
), has not yet been externally validated in a well‐characterized
HF
with preserved
EF
cohort with adjudicated morbidity outcomes.

Methods and Results

We evaluated the
MAGGIC
risk score (composed of 13 clinical variables) in 407 patients with
HF
with preserved
EF
enrolled in a prospective registry and used Cox regression to evaluate its association with morbidity/mortality. We used receiver‐operating characteristic analysis to compare the predictive ability of the
MAGGIC
risk score with the more complex Seattle Heart Failure Model, and we determined the value of adding B‐type natriuretic peptide to the
MAGGIC
risk score for risk prediction. During a mean follow‐up time of 3.6±1.8 years, 28% died, 32% were hospitalized for
HF
, and 55% had a cardiovascular hospitalization and/or death. The
MAGGIC
score, a mean±
SD
of 18±7, was significantly associated with mortality (
P
<0.0001),
HF
hospitalizations (
P
<0.0001), and the combined end point of cardiovascular‐related hospitalizations or death (hazard ratio, 1.8 [95% confidence interval, 1.6–2.1], per 1‐
SD
increase in the
MAGGIC
score;
P
<0.0001). Receiver‐operating characteristic analyses showed that
MAGGIC
and Seattle Heart Failure Model performed similarly in predicting
HF
with preserved
EF
outcomes, but the
MAGGIC
score demonstrated better calibration for hospitalization outcomes. Further analyses showed that B‐type natriuretic peptide was additive to the
MAGGIC
risk score for predicting outcomes (
P
<0.01 by likelihood ratio test).

Conclusions

The
MAGGIC
risk score is a simple, yet powerful method of risk stratification for both morbidity and mortality in
HF
with preserved
EF
.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01030991.
The Menorah: Cult, History, and Myth Exhibiting the Past and Future of Catholic-Jewish Relations
Authors: Fine Steven
Published: October 2018

La Menorà: Culto, Storia E Mito, The Menorah: Worship, History and Myth was a monumental exhibition mounted by the Vatican Museums and the Jewish Museum of Rome in the Spring of 2017. Bringing together many of the most important artifacts relating to the history of the biblical lampstand in both Jewish and Christian traditions, this exhibition marks a milestone in Jewish-Catholic engagement, and was an active agent in that process. This article presents this act of museological diplomacy, describing many of its most significant artifacts as well as the historiographic challenges presented by this exhibition.
Rediscovery of Dacrymyces pezizoides (Dacrymycetes, Basidiomycota) 80 years after its original description
Authors: SHIROUZU TAKASHI , SANJO KOJIN
Published: October 2018

Dacrymyces pezizoides has been rediscovered for the first time since its original description in 1939. Dacrymycetous fruiting bodies recently collected from the dead branches of broad-leaved trees in Japan were identified as D. pezizoides based on their morphological characteristics, i.e., turbinate or discoid basidiocarps, hyphae without clamp connections, thick-walled marginal hyphae, and 3-septate basidiospores. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the LSU nrDNA and ITS regions revealed that D. pezizoides forms a clade with other Dacrymyces spp., such as D. stillatus and D. chrysospermus, and Guepiniopsis buccina. Dacrymyces pezizoides is considered to form basidiocarps in autumn on the dead branches of broad-leaved trees in warm-temperate areas of Japan.
Review of some species groups of the genus Oospila Warren, with descriptions of nine new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Geometrinae)
Authors: LINDT AARE , HAUSMANN AXEL , VIIDALEPP JAAN
Published: October 2018

The Neotropical geometrine genus Oospila Warren, 1897 includes seventy-nine species and was revised by Cook & Scoble (1995). The genus is distinctive in having a row of raised abdominal crests, which are composed of specialized, erect, metallic shining scales. This paper focuses on the integrative morphological and molecular delimitation of the smallest Oospila species. The wing patterns and genitalia structures of males and females are illustrated. Cook & Scoble (1995) distinguished 13 species groups within Oospila. We discuss the species of the Oospila flavilimes species group, the O. stigma species group and O. miccularia species group below, and separate the O. arpata species complex into a group of its own. Nine new species and two new subspecies are described in this paper: O. cristae sp. n. from Ecuador, O. falcata sp. n. from French Guiana, O. pallidaria boliviensis subsp. n. from Bolivia, and O. loreenae sp. n. from Bolivia (flavilimes species group), O. ehakernae sp. n. from Costa Rica, O. similiplaga bolarpata subsp. n. from Bolivia (arpata species group), O. brehmi sp. n. and O. bifida sp. n. both from Bolivia, O. moseri sp. n. from Brazil, O. absaloni sp. n. and O. pipa sp. n. both from Ecuador (miccularia species group). Oospila similiplaga (Warren) (stat. nov.) is raised here from synonymy with O. arpata (Schaus) and O. imula (Dognin) from synonymy with O. miccularia (Guenée), respectively. Oospila agnetaforslundae nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for Oospila marginata Schaus, 1912 (nec Oospila marginata Warren, 1897), raising it to species rank from synonymy of Oospila permagna (Warren, 1909). With this paper, the number of Neotropical Oospila species is raised to 88.
Gloora gen. nov. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Arctiini: Ctenuchina) for several Agylla-like Arctiinae
Authors: GRADOS JUAN , LAGUERRE MICHEL , BOPPRÉ MICHAEL
Published: October 2018

Gloora gen. nov. is established for Eucereon alba (Druce, 1894), Hyaleucerea mundula (Berg, 1882), Agaraea sericeum (Zerny, 1931), and Gloora canae sp. nov. These species are (re‑)described considering male genitalia in particular and, in case, barcodes. Further species which might fit into Gloora gen. nov. are discussed.
New information on the skipper fauna of Guangxi, China (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae)
Authors: XUE GUOXI , NIU JINQIAO , LONG JIFENG , ZENG WEIBO
Published: October 2018

The skipper fauna of Guangxi is updated based upon field surveys and examinations of specimens. Two genera and 16 species/subspecies are recognized as new records to Guangxi, of which one genus and four species are recorded from China for the first time. Distribution of seven species/subspecies in Guangxi are confirmed as well. The females of four species are described for the first time. The male genitalia of three species are illustrated and re-described. Taxonomic notes on some of these species are provided.
Antlions of southern Africa: Syngenes Kolbe, 1897, with descriptions of two new species and comments on extra-limital taxa (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Acanthaclisini)
Authors: MANSELL MERVYN W.
Published: October 2018

The southern African species of Syngenes Kolbe, 1897, are revised and compared with their Afrotropical congeners. Three species occur in the region: S. longicornis (Rambur, 1842) and two new species, S. medialis and S. scholtzi, described and illustrated below. A key to the Afrotropical taxa is provided. The larva of S. longicornis is illustrated. The genus is widespread in the Afrotropical Region and extends to the Middle East and Oriental Region. Syngenes species are typically broad-winged antlions, with irregular bifurcate and biaereolate cells between the costa and subcostal veins, which distinguish them from other members of the tribe Acanthaclisini.
A peculiar new beetle from Brazil associated with a cave habitat (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Clivinini)
Authors: BALKENOHL MICHAEL , PELLEGRINI THAIS GIOVANNINI , ZAMPAULO ROBSON DE ALMEIDA
Published: October 2018

The new species Ardistomis ferreirai sp. nov. is described and illustrated. Some specific characters are discussed together with a possible correlation to the species subterranean way of life. Available ecological data and recordings are provided by description of the caves and the specific threats to the caves are indicated.
Systematic Review of Supraclavicular Artery Island Flap vs Free Flap in Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Sukato Daniel C. , Timashpolsky Alisa , Ferzli George , Rosenfeld Richard M. , Gordin Eli A.
Published: October 2018

Objective

The aim of this systematic review is to compare the surgical outcomes of supraclavicular artery island flap (SCAIF) and free tissue transfer (FTT) in head and neck reconstruction.

Data Sources

PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases.

Review Methods

Independent screening and data extraction were performed by 2 authors. Only studies that directly compared SCAIF and FTT were included. Data were pooled with random‐effects meta‐analysis to determine the standardized mean differences (SMDs), risk differences, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistics. The Methodological Index for Non‐Randomized Studies tool was used to evaluate extent of bias in studies.

Results

The initial query yielded 661 results, of which 4 comparative studies remained for final analysis. The pooled sample sizes for the SCAIF and FTT cohorts were 100 and 84, respectively. SCAIF was associated with reduction of operative time by a large effect size (SMD, 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.78‐2.52). The harvested flap areas and perioperative complications, including rates of total flap loss, partial flap necrosis, and recipient/donor site dehiscences, were comparable between the 2 procedures with low to high heterogeneity among studies.

Conclusion

SCAIF requires less operative time and has comparable short‐term perioperative results to FTT. The findings of this study support the viability of SCAIF as an alternative to FTT and provide evidence for its inclusion in the reconstructive armamentarium of major head and neck ablation and trauma.
Gross Pathology of Routine Pediatric Tonsillectomy Specimens: Optimizing the Value of Patient Care
Authors: Hobbs Elizabeth A. , Hanson Joshua A. , Nicholas Robert G. , Johnson Benjamin R. , Hawley Karen A.
Published: October 2018

Objective

This investigation seeks to evaluate the effect of gross pathologic analysis on our management of patients undergoing routine tonsillectomy and to evaluate charges and reimbursement.

Study Design

Retrospective chart review from 2005 through 2016.

Setting

Academic medical center.

Subjects and Methods

Participants were pediatric patients aged 14 years and younger undergoing tonsillectomy for either sleep‐disordered breathing or tonsillitis, with tonsillectomy specimens evaluated by pathology, and without any risk factors for pediatric malignancy. Records were reviewed for demographics, surgical indications, and pathology. Abnormal reports prompted an in‐depth review of the chart. Charges and reimbursement related to both hospital and professional fees for gross tonsil analysis were evaluated.

Results

From 2005 to 2016, 3183 routine pediatric tonsillectomy cases were performed with corresponding specimens that were sent for gross analysis revealing no significant pathologic findings; 1841 were males and 1342 were females. Ten cases underwent microscopy by pathologist order, revealing normal tonsillar tissue. The mean charge per patient for gross analysis was $60.67 if tonsils were together as 1 specimen and $77.67 if tonsils were sent as 2 separate specimens; respective reimbursement amounts were $28.74 and $35.90.

Conclusions

Gross pathologic analysis did not change our management of routine pediatric tonsillectomy patients. Foregoing the practice at our institution would eliminate $19,171.72 to $24,543.72 in charges and $9081.40 to $11,344.40 in reimbursement per year. Eliminating this test would improve the value of patient care by saving health care resources without compromising clinical outcomes.
Structured peer-to-peer-based publication and sharing of ontologies to automatically process SPARQL query on a semantic sensor network
Authors: Si Huayou , Qi Yajie , Zheng Meilian , Ren Yongjian , Yu Lifeng
Published: October 2018

In recent years, semantic sensor networks are proposed, which apply ontologies to provide query capabilities and data access and allow users to express their needs at a conceptual level. In such sensor networks, a large amount of web ontologies are separately created by sensors to represent their own knowledge. These ontologies are distributed in different sensors and provide knowledge for semantic queries. It has become a very pressing issue to locate the desired ontologies for a given semantic query. To address this issue, we propose an approach based on structured peer-to-peer protocol to publish shareable ontologies on different sensors and automatically discover the ontologies useful for a given SPARQL query. Therefore, if a SPARQL query is given, our approach can locate ontologies desired and further send the query to them to find out solutions for the query. In addition, if solutions can be found out from a web ontology published, our approach makes sure to discover the ontology and get the solutions from it for the query. We conduct three experiments to evaluate the approach, the results of which demonstrate that our approach is effective and efficient.
Ethnic differences in hypertension prevalence and contributing determinants – the HELIUS study
Authors: van Laer Stag D , Snijder Marieke B , Agyemang Charles , Peters Ron JG , van den Born Bert-Jan H
Published: October 2018

Aims

There are important ethnic differences in the prevalence of hypertension and hypertension-mediated cardiovascular complications, but there is ongoing debate on the nature of these differences. We assessed the contribution of lifestyle, socio-economic and psychosocial variables to ethnic differences in hypertension prevalence.

Methods

We used cross-sectional data from the Healthy Life In an Urban Setting (HELIUS) study, including 21,520 participants aged 18–70 years of South-Asian Surinamese (n = 3032), African Surinamese (n = 4124), Ghanaian (n = 2331), Turkish (n = 3594), Moroccan (n = 3891) and Dutch (n = 4548) ethnic origin. Ethnic differences in hypertension prevalence rates were examined using logistic regression models.

Results

After adjustment for a broad range of variables, significant higher hypertension prevalence compared to the Dutch population remained in Ghanaian men (odds ratio 2.62 (95% confidence interval 2.14–3.22)) and women (4.16 (3.39–5.12)), African Surinamese men (1.62 (1.37–1.92)) and women (2.70 (2.29–3.17)) and South-Asian Surinamese men (1.22 (1.15–1.46)) and women (1.84 (1.53–2.22)). In contrast, Turkish men (0.72 (0.60–0.87)) and Moroccan men (0.50 (0.41–0.61)) and women (0.57 (0.46–0.71)) had a lower hypertension prevalence compared with the Dutch population. The differences in hypertension prevalence were present across different age groups and persisted after stratification for body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio.

Conclusion

Large ethnic differences in hypertension prevalence exist that are already present in young adulthood. Adjustment for common variables known to be associated with a higher risk of hypertension explained the higher adjusted prevalence rates among Turks and Moroccans, but not in African and South-Asian descent populations who remained to have a higher rate of hypertension compared to the Dutch host population.
Tailoring surgical interventions to treat obstructive sleep apnoea: one size does not fit all
Authors: Sethukumar Priya , Kotecha Bhik
Published: October 2018

While continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) remains the gold standard treatment of choice in patients with moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), surgery has been established as a means to improve compliance and facilitate the use of CPAP, both of which are potential pitfalls in the efficacy of this treatment modality. In a minority of cases, with obvious oropharyngeal anatomical obstruction, corrective surgery may completely alleviate the need for CPAP treatment. In this review, we summarise clinical assessment, surgical options, discuss potential new treatments, and outline the importance of investigating and addressing the multiple anatomical levels that can contribute to OSA. Research into effectiveness of these procedures is rapidly accumulating, and surgery can be an effective treatment. However, given the myriad of options available and multiple levels of anatomical pathology that can present, it is imperative that correctly selected patients are matched with the most appropriate treatment for the best outcomes.

Key points

OSA is an increasingly prevalent disorder which has significant systemic effects if left untreated.

Anatomical abnormalities can be corrected surgically to good effect with a growing and robust evidence base.

Drug-induced sleep endoscopy is a key tool in the otolaryngologist's armamentarium to tailor specific surgery to address specific anatomical concerns, and to facilitate appropriate patient selection.

Multilevel surgical approaches are often indicated instead of a “one size fits all” model.

Educational aims

To discuss how to assess patients presenting with OSA in clinic, from an otorhinolaryngology perspective.

To discuss the indications for intervention.

To provide an overview of nonsurgical interventions for treating OSA, with evidence.

To discuss the different surgical modalities available for treatment of OSA, with evidence.
Resting Hemodynamics and Response to Exercise Using the 6-Minute Walk Test in Late Pregnancy: An International Prospective Multicentre Study
Authors: Dennis Alicia Therese , Salman Marwa , Paxton Emma , Flint Margot , Leeton Liz , Roodt Francois , Yentis Steve , Dyer Robert Anthony
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND:

Cardiac disease is the leading cause of maternal death. Assessment of cardiovascular fitness is important in pregnant women because it is linked to increased risk of cardiac disease but is rarely undertaken or studied. The 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is a safe exercise test but is not used in pregnancy. We determined the 95% reference interval for resting heart rate (HR) and distance walked for the 6MWT, as well as hemodynamic recovery variables, and quantified expectations and actual experiences of exertion and breathlessness with exercise in late pregnancy.

METHODS:

After institutional research board approval (Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Number: 12615000964516), 300 healthy term nulliparous pregnant women performed the 6MWT at 3 tertiary referral obstetric hospitals using a standardized protocol. Each woman underwent two 6MWT with maximum 15-minute recovery period after each test. Hemodynamic variables were measured at rest and after exercise. Participants were asked 4 questions, 2 regarding expectation and 2 regarding actual experience, using the Rating of Perceived Exertion scale and Modified Borg Dyspnea scale.

RESULTS:

Participant characteristics and resting variables were mean (standard deviation [SD]); age, 31 years (4.2 years); body mass index, 27 kg/m2 (2.9 kg/m2); gestational age, 37 weeks (1.3 weeks); HR, 85 bpm (10.8 bpm) with 95% reference interval 64–106 bpm; systolic blood pressure, 112 mm Hg (10.2 mm Hg); diastolic blood pressure, 72 mm Hg (8.6 mm Hg); oxygen saturation, 98% (0.9%); and respiratory rate, 18 breaths/min (5.7 breaths/min). The mean (SD) average distance walked was 488 m (94.9 m) with a speed of 3.0 mph (0.64 mph) with a 95% reference interval of 302–674 m. The mean (SD) HR increase with exercise was 12 bpm (11.0 bpm) with a median [quartile] recovery time of 5.0 minutes [1–8 minutes]. A lower resting HR was associated with increased distance walked (r = −0.207; 95% confidence interval, −0.313 to −0.096; P < .001). A greater HR change with exercise was associated with increased recovery time from exercise (r = 0.736; 95% confidence interval, 0.697–0.784; P < .001). Sixty-three percent and 83% of participants, respectively, expected to be more exerted and breathless than they actually were with exercise.

CONCLUSIONS:

The 6MWT is feasible and applicable in term pregnant women. The reference intervals for resting HR and distance walked in the 6MWT have been generated. HR increases by approximately 12 bpm with submaximal exercise, and half of the women recovered within 5 minutes of submaximal exercise. Women expected to be more exerted and breathless than they actually were with exercise.
Regional Analgesia Added to General Anesthesia Compared With General Anesthesia Plus Systemic Analgesia for Cardiac Surgery in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Monahan Ann , Guay Joanne , Hajduk John , Suresh Santhanam
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND:

The aim of this systematic review was to compare the effects of regional analgesic (RA) techniques with systemic analgesia on postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting, resources utilization, reoperation, death, and complications of the analgesic techniques in children undergoing cardiac surgery.

METHODS:

A search was done in May 2018 in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomized controlled trials comparing RA techniques with systemic analgesia. Risks of bias of included trials were judged with the Cochrane tool. Data were analyzed with fixed- (I
2 < 25%) or random-effects models (I
2 ≥ 25%). The quality of evidence was graded according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation working group scale.

RESULTS:

We included 14 randomized controlled trials with 605 participants (312 to RA and 293 to the comparator). RA reduces pain up to 24 hours after surgery. At 6–8 hours after surgery, the standardized mean difference was −0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI], −1.22 to −0.40; low-quality evidence). We did not find a difference for nausea and vomiting (risk ratio [RR], 0.89; 95% CI, 0.61–1.31; very low-quality evidence), duration of tracheal intubation (standardized mean difference, −0.18; 95% CI, −0.40 to 0.05; low-quality evidence), intensive care unit length of stay (mean difference, −0.10 hours; 95% CI, −1.31 to 1.12 hours; low-quality evidence), hospital length of stay (mean difference, −0.02 days; 95% CI, −1.16 to 1.12 days; low-quality evidence), reoperation (RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.17–3.28; low-quality evidence), death (RR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.05–4.94; low-quality evidence), and respiratory depression (RR, 2.06; 95% CI, 0.20–21.68; very low-quality evidence). No trial reported signs of local anesthetic toxicity or lasting neurological or infectious complications related to the RA techniques. One trial reported 1 transient ipsilateral episode of diaphragmatic paralysis with intrapleural analgesia that resolved with cessation of local anesthetic administration.

CONCLUSIONS:

Compared to systemic analgesia, RA techniques reduce postoperative pain up to 24 hours in children undergoing cardiac surgery. Currently, there is no evidence that RA for pediatric cardiac surgery has any impact on major morbidity and mortality. These results should be interpreted cautiously because they represent a meta-analysis of small and heterogeneous studies. Further studies are needed.
Why I Still Believe in Chicanx Studies
Authors: López Marissa
Published: October 2018

While an inclusive Latinx studies has real intellectual justification, the move to craft Latinx rather than specifically Chicanx scholarly questions relies on presentism and adumbrates conflicts over class and citizenship. Drawing on her personal experience justifying the use of Chicano in her first book to her academic press editors, the author meditates on the politics of Latinx versus Chicanx, the pitfalls and promises of nationalist discourse, and the need to nurture and cultivate a vibrant Chicanx studies as a counter to the neocolonial tendencies of academic multiculturalism.
Reading the Contingencies of Print on the Borderlands
Authors: Bartosik-Vélez Elise
Published: October 2018

One of the most vivid accounts in the historical record of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 was written by Antonio de Otermín, Spanish governor of the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, who fled the uprising with his life intact, unlike four hundred of his countrymen. Due to a series of decisions by scholars, editors, and grant agencies in the twentieth century, this letter is today best known in an English translation and within the frame provided by the popular Heath Anthology of American Literature. The appropriation of Otermín’s letter by the discipline of American (US) literature, because its subject matter involves territory that more than two hundred years later became part of the United States, merits scrutiny. One approach, outlined here, is to follow the traces of the publication history of this document and to interrogate the unique story it tells about the contingencies of print on the borderlands.
Correlação entre capacidade funcional e capacidade pulmonar em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica
Authors: Bastos Karla Katarine Rodrigues Teixeira , Oliveira Roseane Chaves de Araújo , Lima Winnie Alves Moreira , Badaró Ricardo Ribeiro , Costa Keyla Iane Donato Brito , Couto Pablo Luiz Santos
Published: October 2018

Introdução: o a avaliação da capacidade pulmonar é realizada por meio da espirometria, que permite avaliar os principais parâmetros respiratórios. Entre as formas de avaliar a capacidade funcional, tem-se o teste de caminhada de seis minutos que proporciona uma análise global dos sistemas. Essas formas de análise funcional contribuem tanto para a compreensão do impacto da doença e do seu estadiamento clínico, como para a elaboração de prognóstico. Objetivo: correlacionar a capacidade funcional e a capacidade pulmonar em pacientes com DPOC. Métodos: tratou-se de uma pesquisa transversal, quantitativa, na qual foi aplicada a espirometria e o TC6m em pacientes atendidos pelo Programa Respira Bahia, inserido na Polimeg de Guanambi, entre os meses de abril a novembro de 2016. Resultados: observou-se correlação moderada positiva da variável VEF1 em relação ao TC6m. Conclusão: conclui-se que, nos pacientes com DPOC analisados, o comprometimento da função pulmonar está diretamente relacionado com a piora da capacidade funcional.
Tratamento não operatório de lesão renal e esplênica: relato de caso
Authors: Barreira Márcio Alencar , Lima Daniel Souza , Filho José Airton Lopes , De Sousa Breno Gomes , Diógenes Saldanha Érico Luís Dantas , Sales Paulo Roberto Montezuma
Published: October 2018

Introdução: em algumas situações, o trauma abdominal contuso com lesão renal ou esplênica pode ser conduzido com tratamento não operatório (TNO). Uma lesão simultânea de rim e baço não apresenta uma conduta padrão e existem situações limítrofes que necessitam de maior discussão. Relato de caso: paciente com lesão renal complexa e hemoperitônio secundário a lesão esplênica que teve boa evolução após compensação clínica do sangramento. Conclusão: o TNO de lesões combinadas do rim e do baço pode ser possível em algumas situações.
Polifarmácia em idosos do programa universidade aberta à terceira idade
Authors: Alves Niedja Maria Coelho , Ceballos Albanita Gomes da Costa de
Published: October 2018

Introdução: Polifarmácia é o uso de dois ou mais medicamentos para um ou vários problemas de saúde. Sua prática pode acarretar reações adversas e interações medicamentosas, principalmente em idosos, que são os mais vulneráveis a esses problemas. Objetivo: descrever a polifarmácia em idosos inscritos no Programa Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade (UnATI) da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). Métodos: estudo do tipo transversal descritivo, realizado com alunos matriculados na UnATI/UFPE, os quais responderam a um questionário sobre utilização de medicamentos e características sociodemográficas. Resultados: dos 159 pesquisados, a maioria dos idosos estava entre 60 a 70 anos de idade, com renda média familiar de 1,4 a 4,4 salários mínimos, segundo grau completo, tendo realizado até três consultas médicas nos últimos 12 meses, possuía doenças crônicas, sendo hipertensão arterial, diabetes e colesterol alto as mais citadas. Quanto ao uso de medicamentos, a maioria não praticou automedicação, e a polifarmácia ocorreu em 78%, sendo a polifarmácia menor mais prevalente que a maior. Conclusão: devido à grande frequência de uso de medicamentos e suas potenciais consequências para a saúde, é preciso investir na educação em saúde visando ao uso racional de medicamentos pelos idosos.