bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comunicación del farmacéutico comunitario desde la perspectiva del paciente crónico en Santiago de Cuba
Authors: Garzón Feria Maislin , Megret Despaigne Rosario , Aldana Laterrade Alicia , Brugal Mustelier Elinay
Published: April 2022

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la comunicación del farmacéutico desde la perspectiva del paciente. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, con elementos de intervención farmacéutica en 153 pacientes con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles dispensarizados en la Farmacia Comunitaria Normal Edificio Sueño del municipio Santiago de Cuba, en el segundo semestre del 2020. Como instrumento de trabajo se utilizaron una planilla de extracción de datos y un cuestionario para valorar la percepción en cuanto a comunicación verbal y no verbal. Se realizó un análisis porcentual de los datos. Los resultados demostraron que la comunicación verbal fue apreciada de regular en el 90% de la muestra influyendo la pobre información de las interacciones medicamentosas, los efectos adversos y la conservación de los medicamentos, en la no verbal el 93% de la población tuvo una buena percepción; de forma general la comunicación del farmacéutico comunitario con el paciente crónico fue desfavorable.
WORKSHOP PENYUSUNAN SOAL HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS) BERDASARKAN KISI-KISI UJIAN NASIONAL MATEMATIKA SD
Authors: Muhassanah Nur'aini , Hayati Afifah
Published: April 2022

Tujuan dari kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) ini adalah meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam menyusun soal HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) sesuai dengan kisi-kisi Ujian Nasional (UN) Matematika. Beberapa kesulitan yang dialami oleh bapak/ibu guru selama mengajarkan soal HOTS adalah kurangnya pemahaman terkait soal HOTS, membuat soal HOTS sesuai dengan indikator, dan kesulitan dalam mengajarkan ke siswa. Kegiatan PKM ini dalam bentuk workshop dimana dimulai dari penyampaian materi, sesi tanya jawab, dan penyusunan soal HOTS sesuai dengan level kognitif matematika. Dimana kegiatan ini bekerjasama dengan KKG Kecamatan Sumpiuh dengan peserta adalah bapak/ibu guru sebanyak 56 guru kelas 5 dan 6. Metode yang digunakan adalah Service Learning. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah dapat meningkatkan kopetensi guru dalam menyusun soal HOTS sesuai dengan level kognitif matematika ditunjukkan dari hasil penilaian bahwa (1) pada soal HOTS level pengetahuan dan pemahaman (L1) 64.3% masuk kriteria sangat baik; (2) pada soal HOTS level aplikasi (L2) 44.6% peserta masuk kriteria sangat baik; (3) pada soal HOTS level penalaran (L3) sebanyak 46.4% masuk dalam kriteria cukup.
El vivo sustento del inquisidor
Authors: Racosta Azucena Beatriz
Published: April 2022

Nos centraremos en el discurso producido por Radio La Cantora, coordinada por Azucena Racosta y Viviana Becker, y llevada adelante por las personas privadas de libertad. Un colectivo de comunicación popular que se levantó contra la censura y la represión del discurso del castigo llevado al paroxismo; el de la propia cárcel.
EFFECTS OF CAREGIVING OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER ON THE CAREGIVERS’ PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING IN SELECTED INTEGRATED PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Kanja Mary Wanja , Mwenje Margaret , Githui Perminus
Published: April 2022

The psychological well-being of an individual is important for them to flourish in life. However, the demands associated with taking care of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may derange the caregivers from achieving their psychological well-being. ASD is a neurodevelopmental childhood disorder that persists into adulthood. It impairs an individual’s social, cognitive, and behavioural domains, causing most of the children to be dependent on caregivers throughout their lives. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of caregiving of children with ASD on the caregivers’ psychological wellbeing. The study’s objective explored how caregiving of children with ASD affects the caregivers’ psychological wellbeing. The study employed the Social Ecological System Theory to explain the importance of a supportive environment in facilitating the caregivers to achieve their psychological well-being. The Cognitive Behavioural Theory was used to discuss the interventions to mitigate the effects of caregiving on caregivers’ psychological well-being. The study used a qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach and purposive sampling method.to select 24 informal caregivers and four formal caregivers from selected integrated primary schools in Nairobi. The study used in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) to collect data from the caregivers. Data was captured using video tape recordings and field notes. Verbatim transcription was employed. QSRN N’vivo 10 data software was used to simplify and analyse data. The result revealed that caregiving of children with ASD affect the caregivers’ psychological wellbeing in the selected integrated primary schools in Nairobi County. The study recommends creation of public awareness about ASD, availing authentic information about ASD symptoms to help the caregivers to seek early interventions for their children with ASD, making therapies accessible and affordable, equal distribution of the available resources among children with ASD and availing psychological support to the caregivers as measures of mitigating the effects of caregiving of children with ASD.
Centimeter-scale laser lift-off of an AlGaN UVB laser diode structure grown on nano-patterned AlN
Authors: Shojiki Kanako , Shimokawa Moe , Iwayama Sho , Omori Tomoya , Teramura Shohei , Yamaguchi Akihiro , Iwaya Motoaki , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Kamiyama Satoshi , Miyake Hideto
Published: April 2022

The centimeter-scale laser lift-off (LLO) of a UVB laser diode structure on nano-patterned AlN was demonstrated by using a 257 nm pulsed laser. The mechanism of this LLO, which can be used for vertical light-emitting device fabrications, was analyzed in detail from the structural and optical properties. The large-area high-yield LLO without cracks was found to be enabled by taking advantage of the intentional in-plane periodic and nanometer-scale inhomogeneous distribution of the AlN molar fraction in the AlGaN layer introduced by growing AlGaN on nano-patterned AlN.
Simulation of load balancing algorithms using cloud analyst for distinct regions IT resources
Authors: Aditiya  , Rana Rashim
Published: April 2022

Cloud computing is currently on the rise as new technology and as a new business model, according to experts. Data archiving, servers (both real-world and virtual), telecommunications, machine learning tools for data analysis, and a cloud services provider's (CSP) data center are all examples of cloud computing resources that are available on demand over the internet. Cloud computing allows client devices to access data from faraway servers over the internet, which is referred to as "cloud computing." Rather than purchasing, operating, and maintaining physical data centers and servers, we can take advantage of technology services provided by third parties. A pay-per-use pricing structure is in place. It is spreading over the world simply because of its simple and service-oriented business approach. It delivers the greatest computing service to the user and makes the execution of large-scale activities much easier than before. Through the use of a cloud analyst tool, this study provides an overview of the evaluation of the response time and processing time of several existing algorithms that are used in cloud computing.
Educación para el desarrollo del emprendimiento: Una revisión teórica
Authors: Chaux Fajardo Jesús David , Ortiz Ortiz Lina Marcela
Published: April 2022

El emprendimiento y la educación no solo se limitan al desarrollo de capacidades para formar nuevas empresas, también hace énfasis en la motivación individual que se necesita para cumplir metas y propósitos, la educación para el emprendimiento debe comprometerse con la cultura y ser adaptada e implementada en los sistemas educativos desde edades escolares tempranas, generando emprendedores analizados desde las diferentes perspectivas: Comportamentales, Psicológicos, económicos y de procesos. El emprendimiento promueve desde diferentes enfoques el crecimiento económico de un país, por esto se enfatiza la importancia del emprendimiento a nivel social, y empresatial, desarrollando actividades tecnologicas, innovacion e inclusion social. Por lo anterior se hace un análisis de la importancia que tiene la educación para el emprendimiento y las metodologías que se usan en el desarrollo del emprendimiento y su formación.
Motivación en estudiantes universitarios como factor generador de la calidad en educativa
Authors: Durán Chinchilla Claudia Marcela , Casadiegos Santana Martín Humberto , Carrascal Vergel Ana María
Published: April 2022

El propósito de esta investigación, estuvo enmarcado en la reflexión sobre la motivación como sustento generado de la calidad educativa universitaria, en lo relacionado con factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos de los actores educativos. De allí que dentro de los dilemas educativos está el interpretar de alguna manera las nuevas modalidades y las razones de los estudiantes de hoy, de este nuevo milenio, en cuanto a sus motivaciones académicas y esta a su vez con su relación a la calidad educativa. En la investigación participaron estudiantes con rendimiento académico con promedio: alto, medio, bajo, se realizaron entrevistas en las cuales se pudiera sugerir los factores motivacionales asociados a la calidad educativa de la universidad. Se evidenció que la motivación de los estudiantes influye en los resultados académicos y estos a su vez en la calidad educativa de las institución, tanto, así mismo, se convierte en uno de los principales objetivos de los docentes y directivos, de tal manera que se planteen estrategias que coadyuven a motivar académica y personalmente a los estudiantes.
Dimensión humana en los familiares de pacientes hospitalizados
Authors: Botello Reyes Andrea del Pilar , González Mendoza Julio Alfonso , Vergel Ortega Mawency
Published: April 2022

La espiritualidad es un elemento que cobra especial importancia en cuidado integral que se extiende hacia los familiares de los pacientes en condición crítica. El objetivo de esta investigación es establecer el nivel de bienestar espiritual de los familiares de los pacientes hospitalizados en unidades de cuidado intensivo, para ello se utiliza el método cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal realizado en las unidades de cuidado intensivo del Hospital Universitario Erasmo Meoz, Colombia, desde diciembre de 2020 hasta julio de 2021. La muestra realizada compuesta por 150 familiares de pacientes hospitalizados, seleccionados por medio de muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia.

Los principales resultados señalan que Se evidenció predominio del sexo femenino en un 65,3%, del grupo etario entre 36-59 años en un 57,3%, la pareja como tipo de familiar más común con un 42,3%, la religión católica en un 60.6% y el nivel económico de bajo 88,6%. Los niveles de espiritualidad encontrados fueron en los familiares fueron altos en las dimensiones de creencias y prácticas espirituales. Las conclusiones sobre esta investigación se refieren a que en los escenarios de salud donde se cuida a pacientes críticos se debe extender las intervenciones hacia la familia, promoviendo la vivencia y las expresiones de la espiritualidad tanto en las creencias personales, como en las manifestaciones visibles de la experiencia, permitiendo así que desde la perspectiva de enfermería el cuidado brindado sea cada vez más significativo, y alcance una dimensión más trascendental como lo es el abordaje del ser espiritual de cada persona.
Brinquedo, gênero e educação infantil
Authors: Pocahy Fernando , Silva Daniel , Silva Juliana
Published: April 2022

Neste artigo analisaremos a relação entre crianças e brinquedos em salas de Educação Infantil. Através de interlocuções com professoras, buscamos compreender como estas entendem suas influências na disposição dos objetos e quais posturas são entendidas como adequadas. Utilizando estudos acerca da reprodução das relações de gênero nas brincadeiras e nos artefatos do brincar, associaremos a prática com as pesquisas da infância atuais. Seguimos uma pesquisa com o/a outro/a, percebendo que as produções são mais significativas quando ocorrem através das interlocuções e atravessamentos. Assim, os diálogos aqui descritos permitem que analisemos as relações das crianças com os objetos e como os padrões sociais se aplicam ou se desconstroem na e pela brincadeira, apontando que a escola é importante negociadora de vivências, ambiente que as crianças exercem sua cidadania, formam laços e experimentam a infância, podendo conhecer a diversidade, desconstruir estereótipos e experimentar fronteiras da norma.
Kant’s deontology as a critique of Africa’s ideological ambiguity
Authors: KIZITO Michael George
Published: April 2022

The communal characteristic of African Societies has frequently been juxtaposed with the individualistic tenets of Western polities. However, the evolution of African societies into liberal democracies with the obligation to promote and protect constitutionalism and individual liberties calls for a philosophical niche to bridge between communality and individuality. This paper argues that Africa’s moral and political philosophy is in an urgent need of a Kantian Copernican revolution to ameliorate the conflictual interface between sociality and individualism. The paper opines that the revolution will help to harmonize the dilemmatic relationship between communitarianism and individual rights. The paper also contends that the Kantian categorical imperatives are necessary in eliminating the unclear deontological/teleological situatedness of African ideological philosophies.
Prevalence of chronic noncommunicable diseases and their associated factors in adults over 39 years in riverside population in the Western Brazilian Amazon region
Authors: Antonieta Relvas Pereira  , Juliana Souza de Almeida Aranha Camargo  , Sergio de Almeida Basano  , Aranha Camargo Luís Marcelo
Published: April 2022

The prevalence of Chronic Noncommunicable Disease (CND) are rocketting over the world, including in young adults. The WHO estimates that more than half of the deaths in the world are caused by CND.
A cross-sectional study was carried out from  june to november 2016. The researchers visited 16 communities, with a sample size of 183 adult individuals performed for convenience. The patients went through  screening and verified: weight, height, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, clinical-epidemiological history and performed physical and laboratory examination. Prevalence ratios were calculated with confidence intervals of 95% and with statistical significance with p<0.05.
This study aims to estimate the prevalence of  CND and its associated factors in the elderly riverside population of the Rio Madeira in Humaitá, Amazonas State, Western Brazilian Amazon.
The prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) was 44.7%, 52.6% in female. Of the individuals with SAH, 77.5% did not use medication. About 51.5% of them had Grade I SAH. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus  was 16.4%, where no patient used medication and about 40.4% of the studied population fits in the glucose intolerance range. Metabolic syndrome presented a prevalence of 24.0%, with a higher frequency in females (33.8%) (p=0.007). Concerning chronic kidney disease, a prevalence of 12.1% was observed in both genders. The associated factors found were alcoholism, smoking, sedentary lifestyle and obesity, and more than 45% of the patients had at least two associated factors.
The population  had a high prevalence of  CND and associated factors, low frequency of medication use, revealing inefficiency of the local health system. Increased coverage of the Governmental Family Health Strategy (GFHS) and the increase in number of trained Community Health Assistants , together with health education actions can increase the population’s health standard.
Sleep quality of urban public transport drivers in a city in the Western Amazon, Brazil
Authors: Roberto Teixeira Ferreira Carlos , Bianca Barbary de Deus Maura , José de Deus  Morais Mauro , Paulo Martins Silva Romeu , Schirmer Janine
Published: April 2022

Introduction: problems related to sleep have destructive effects on psychomotor skills, memory, decision making and concentration, which can influence the occurrence of accidents and errors. Bus drivers are subject to the company’s strict rules in respecting timetables, caring for the vehicle and being responsible for the daily transport of people.
Objective: to analyze the sleep quality of urban public transport drivers in the city of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil.
Methods: this is a cross-sectional study developed in the city of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. The sample consisted of 80 drivers. To check the quality of sleep, the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Questionnaire was used. The anthropometric variables used were neck circumference, waist circumference, skinfolds, and body mass index. The non-parametric test of Spearmand 0.05 (5%) was used to associate.
Results: participants were aged between 24 and 60 years, male. 81.25% of drivers had poor sleep quality according to the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Questionnaire (>5). 75% of participants have excessive body mass index and 67.5% with risky waist circumference. The neck circumference, 60% had increased values and 78.75% with the percentage of fat above the recommended. There was a strong correlation between all components and with the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Questionnaire.
Conclusion: an association between poor sleep and body mass index and neck circumference has been demonstrated. It also showed a strong correlation between all components with the result of the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Questionnaire.
Motor learning of people with visual impairment in a non-immersive virtual reality coincident time task
Authors: Mariana Caramore Fava  , Maria Georgina Marques Tonello  , Renata Martins Rosa  , Tania Brusque Crocetta  , ìbis Ariana Peña Moraes  , Carlos Bandeira de Mello Monteiro  , Talita Dias da Silva  , Daniel dos Santos
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Virtual reality (VR) is used nowadays as an assessment and intervention tool in rehabilitation. One of the capabilities that can be assessed through VR is coincident timing, a perceptual-motor ability to execute a motor response in synchrony with an external stimulus. Visually impaired (VI) people need this synchronization of movements with external objects in their daily and leisure activities.
Objective: To investigate the performance of VI individuals in a VR coincident timing task.
Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional study with an interventional, quasi-experimental, descriptive, and explanatory nature. Sixty individuals participated in this study: 20 VI, 20 blindfolded and 20 non-VI, over 18 years of age. A semi-structured interview and a virtual coincident timing task were used.
Results: VI individuals started the task with the worst performance (Absolute error = group VI 945ms x blindfolded group 591ms x control group 557ms), but they improved throughout the task, as well as all groups, reducing the number of errors (mean absolute error= 698ms to 408ms). Furthermore, all groups increased task speed (mean variable error= last acquisition block 408ms x immediate transfer 227ms x late transfer 247ms).
Conclusion: It is concluded that VI individuals can develop motor learning from tasks in VR, showing the importance of taking advantage of these technological advances in this area, not only as a facilitator of task execution, but also as an instrument that enable rehabilitation programs to ensure functional improvements for real everyday tasks.
New insights about myofibrillar myopathies: the role of metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in the pathogenesis
Authors: Alves de Siqueira Carvalho Alzira , Gomes Silva Vinicius , Silva Alan Patricio , Corazzini Roseli , Lacene Emmanuelle
Published: April 2022

Backgroung: There are few reports suggesting that gene expression and activation of various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are deregulated. MMP-2 and MMP-9 represent the two MMPs, which degrade type IV collagen, the component of basement membrane.
Methods: We analysed the involvement of gelatinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, in the pathogenesis of myofibrillar myopathy (MFM). Muscle specimens from 23 patients well diagnosed with MFM, were immunostained by MMP-2 and MMP-9. We analysed qualitatively the immunoexpression in three compartments: subsarcolemmal (SSC), intracytoplasmic (ICC) and perinuclear (PNC).
Results: 95,7% and 100% samples showed MMP-2 and MMP-9 upregulation ICC, respectively. PNC showed MMP-2 (82,6%) and MMP-9 (8,7%) regulation (p<0.001). SSC and ICC did not present statistical significance. There was no correlation between mutated gene and immunohistochemical pattern distribution.
Discussion: Our results suggest that MMP-2 and/or MMP-9 could participate in the pathomechanism of MFM, causing damage of sarcomere and deposition of protein aggregates.
Obstetric Outcomes of Pregnant Women with Eclampsia: A study in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: S Banu , SM Akhtary , R Pervin
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Usually, eclampsia is the commonest cause of convulsions in pregnancy next being epilepsy. Moreover, in developing countries like Bangladesh, perinatal condition in eclampsia is a major concern of infant injury. So, proper treatment planning and initiatives against eclampsia can save many lives by decreasing the total mortality and morbidity of child and mother. The aim of our study was to assess the perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with eclampsia in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Rangpur Medical College, Rangpur, Bangladesh during the period from January 2020 to December 2020. Proper written consents form all the participants were obtained and the ethical committee of the mentioned hospital had approved the study before starting the intervention. In total 78 pregnant women with eclampsia were selected as the study population. A predesigned questioner was used in collecting patient data. All data were processed, analyzed and disseminated by using MS Office and SPSS version 23 as per need. Result: As final outcome we observed, there was not any case of multiple pregnancy or maternal mortality. Among total 78 fetus, cases of stillbirth (SB), early neonatal death (END), perinatal death (END + SB) and death after birth were found as 8%, 12%, 19% and 4% respectively. So, total case of neonatal death was found 35% whereas the survival rate was 65%. As neonatal complication among survived babies, frequencies of jaundice, septicemia and respiratory distress were found in 27%, 24% and 18% babies respectively who were noticeable. As maternal complication, cases of ICU admission, acute kidney injury and haemorrhagic stroke were found as 4%, 3% and 1% respectively. Conclusion: Stillbirth may be considered as the main component and prematurity may be considered as another important cause of perinatal mortality in obstetric management of delivery in pregnant mothers with eclampsia. Early referral of eclamptic patients, early resuscitative measures as well as good neonatal care can improve perinatal outcomes in such cases.
Exploring the Barriers and Challenges Saudi Arabian Nursing Students Encounter during their Internship Program: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Alamri Ayman Ateq , Alhamidi Dr. Sami
Published: April 2022

Negative experiences on an internship can adversely affect the attitude and confidence of nursing students. This highlights the need to explore the experiences of nursing students as they progress through their training. The present study examines the challenges and problems faced by nursing students during their internship program at a hospital in Medina, Saudi Arabia. The study employed a qualitative exploratory study design by recruiting eight nursing students. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather data. Moreover, the data were thematically analyzed. The major challenges and problems experienced by the nursing students were lack of support, distrust, improper behavior, and absence of a preceptorship program. There is a negative impact of these issues on nursing practice in clinical settings. The study concludes that positive outcomes are likely to be achieved by improving the internship program.
Penerapan Metode AHP (Analitycal Hierarchy Process) dalam Menentukan Mahasiswa Lulusan Terbaik
Authors: Lestari Dina Sri , Hidayat Arief
Published: April 2022

Melalui perguruan tinggi, mahasiswa diharapkan dapat mengembangkan kecerdasan komprehensif yang seimbang antara hard skills dan soft skills. Sehingga mampu mencatatkan diri sebagai mahasiswa terbaik. Penentuan lulusan terbaik dinilai berdasarkan ipk dan masa studi. Hal tersebut dirasa masih kurang sesuai, karena  hanya penilaian secara akademis. Untuk membantu intitusi atau universitas dalam menentukan lulusan terbaik dibangun sistem pendukung keputusan menggunaka kriteria ipk, nilai tugas akhir, nilai TOEFL, prestasi dan masa studi dengan metode AHP. Metode AHP(Analitycal Hierarchy Process) digunakan karena merupakan salah satu metode yang memungkinkan dipecahkannya masalah yang tidak terstruktur. Serta AHP dapat digambarkan secara grafis sehingga mudah dipahami semua pihak yang terlibat. Hasil dari penentuan tersebut adalah mahasiswa yang memiliki nilai perhitungan tertinggi atau berada pada predikat paling tinggi ialah mahasiswa lulusan terbaik
Preventive Measures for the Impacts of Social Media Networks in Security and Privacy - A Review
Authors: Vivekanandam B. , Midhunchakkaravarthy
Published: April 2022

Recently, smartphones have made it simpler than ever, to access social networking sites, which have become an integral part of our daily lives. However, safety and privacy are still major concerns. User-shared material, such as images, movies, and audio recordings may provide several safety and privacy concerns. Especially when the user uploads sensitive content, the attacker has the ability to misuse the information. If minors are targeted, the dangers are significantly greater. This study examines how data breaches or leaks impact the community and how security and privacy are compromised. Administrative authority, private service keys, private employee information, and publicly available databases have all been reported to be subjected to mass data leak. This study investigates the potential dangers, steps to avoid them, and remedies that could be found. Finally, this study provides merits and demerits of using social network sites through modern threat cases. Numerous case studies have been carried out to understand what may go wrong with online social networks.
THE EFECT OF IMMUNOMODULATOR BY EXTRACT ETHANOL OF HERBA BINARA (ARTEMISIA VULGARIS L.) TOWARD THE RESPONSE OF DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY IN RAT MALE
Authors: Marbun Romauli Anna Teresia , Situmorang Novidawati , Wahyuni Sri
Published: April 2022

Immunomodulator is a compound that can increaase the imuno system. One of the plants that have immunomodulator’s activity is Herba Binara (Artemisia vulgaris L.). the purpose of this research was to test the effect of immunomodulator by extract of herba binara ethanol on rat male. The activity of immunomodulator was determined by using digital pletysmometer by measuring the differences between the last leg swelling’s volume and the first leg swelling’s volume. The treatment group were divided into 5 groups. Each group consistof 5 rats CMC-Na 0,5% (negative control), Imboost 32,5 mg/kgBW (positive control), dose of EEHB 50, 100, 200 mg/kgBW, and bacteria E.coli as antigen. The results slowed that distribution of EEHB dose 200 mg/kgBW can give the effect of immunostimulant by swelling enthancement compared by CMC-Na 0,5 %. EEHB 200 mg/kgBW that have activity comparable with Imboost 32,5 mg/kgBW. Thus, it is concluded that of herba binara extract has immunomodulator effects on delayed-type hypersensitivity response of rat male.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIKOLESTEROL KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN AFRIKA (Gymnanthemum amygdalina Del.) DENGAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) PADA TIKUS HIPERKOLESTEROL
Authors: Sari Herviani , Nurmaulia Nurmaulia , Wahyudi Wahyudi , Fahdi Firdaus
Published: April 2022

African leaves (Gymnanthemum amygdalina Del.) and palm leaves (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) which is contain flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid, and tannin can be used to decrease cholesterol levels and reduced the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study aims to determine the effect of EEDA dan EEDKS combination on blood cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic mice. Sample in this study was African leaves and palm leaves which were taken purposively without comparing samples from other regions, then extracted by maceration using ethanol 96%. The results of data analysis from the three EEDA and EEDKS groups effected cholesterol reduction due to the sig value <0.05. Based on ANOVA one way analysis of the five most effective treatments is simvastatin then dose  400-600mg/kgBB, dose 200-300mg/kgBB, dose 100-150mg/kgBB and CMC Na 1%. The combination of EEDA and EEDKS has an antihypercholesterol effect, the combination of EEDA and EEDKS has an antihypercholesterol effect that is comparable to the positive control, and the finding from this study that the most effective dosage of EEDA and EEDKS as antihypercholesterol is at dosage 400-600 mg/kgBB.
IDENTIFIKASI CEMARAN BAKTERI (Escherichia coli) TERHADAP IKAN KEMBUNG DAN IKAN DENCIS YANG DIJUAL DI PASAR TRADISIONAL DELI TUA
Authors: Fahdi Firdaus , Pratiwi Dwi , Sari Helviani
Published: April 2022

Introduction : Fish is a food that is easily damaged by enzymes or microorganism’s biological decay, thus requiring special handling. The process of spoilage of fish can be caused mainly by the activity of enzymes found in the body. This study aims to find out whether there are contaminants of Escherichia coli on mackerel (Rastrelliger sp) and dencis fish (Decapterus russelli) which are sold at the Deli Tua traditional market. Method : This type of research is true experimental with a Post Test Only Control Group Design. Sample was collected from the traditional market in Deli Tua with purposive sampling. Result :  from the observation of the number of bacterial colonies on the PCA media with mackerel and dencis fish samples in accordance with SNI because it exceeds 5,0X105 CFU/g. Conclusion : From the results of the study note that there is the contamination of Escherichia coli  bacteria in mackerel (Rastrelliger sp) and Dencis fish (Decapterus russelli) which are sold in the Deli Tua traditional market.
UJI AKTIVITAS INFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera L.) TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Galur wistar)
Authors: Simorangkir Delisma , Hutagalung Jenti , Tarigan Palas
Published: April 2022

Background: Inflammation is a protective response of the body from the injury of the cell. Edema is one of the inflammation symptoms. Drumstick (Moringa oleifera L.) contains flavonoid a major of a bioactive constituent. Flavonoids inhibit COX-2 in inflammatory in mice. Objective: This study aims to investigate and to determine the anti-inflammatory activity and its effective dose extract. Method: Experimental. The extract was prepared by maceration method using ethanol 80%. An anti-inflammatory activity test was performed in five different groups. Each group consisted of 5 rats. The 1st group (negative control) was given 0,5% CMC-Na suspension, the 2nd group (positive control) was given diclofenac sodium 2,25 mg/kg BW, the 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups were successively given the drumstick leaf extract as much as 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg BW. Each rat was then induced by 1% carrageenan and tested using the subplantar method. The inflamed paw volume was measured using plestymometer. The measurements were done for 3 hours long with intervals of 30 minutes. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). Results: The results showed that the negative control had a significant difference with the other treatment groups which did not show any anti-inflammatory effect. Conclusion: Extract of a drumstick at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW has a better anti-inflammatory effect than ethanolic of a drumstick at dose of 100, 150 mg/kg BW, but still under sodium diclofenac.
FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS KRIM TABIR SURYA EKSTRAK BIJI KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.) DENGAN KOMBINASI AVOBENZONE DAN OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE
Authors: Meliala Dian Ika Perbina , Wahyudi Wahyudi , Nelva Nelva
Published: April 2022

Sunscreen is a cosmetic ingredient that can physically resist UV A and UV B rays. UV A radiation can cause brown color on the skin and UV B rays can cause skin burn. Although the skin has protection against sunlight, it is still necessary to use sunscreen on the skin. Substances Antioxidants are substances that at small concentrations can significantly inhibit oxidation on the substrate caused by free radicals. One plant that contains natural antioxidants is cocoa beans.To determine the value of Sun Protection Factor (SPF) from cocoa bean extract formulated in cream form and in combination with Avobenxone and Octyl Methoxycinnamate (OMC). Making cocoa bean extract was extracted by maceration using 80% ethanol solvent, making sunscreen extract of cocoa bean extract made in three formulations with concentrations of 10%, 15% and 20%, evaluating cream preparations and determining SPF values (Sun Protection Factor). using UV-Vis spectrophotometry.The results of the study showed differences in SPF values between cocoa bean extract creams. The concentration that has the highest SPF value is 20% with an SPF value of 15.22. The SPF value obtained from each formula is in the maximum category, the recommended value is 15.00. The best SPF value is found at a concentration of 20%, which is 15.22.
FORMULASI EKSTRAK BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizus ) SEBAGAI SEDIAAN PEMERAH PIPI (BLUSH ON)
Authors: Sari Herviani , Fahdi Firdaus
Published: April 2022

Dragon fruit contain high antosianin, sources of antosianin can be optained from pink colored fruit and vegetables to red. The natural properties of antosianin can be used as natural dyes in cosmetic preparation were chosen because it is a cosmetic that is quite popular and most comfortable to use. The purpose of this research is to find out whether dragon fruit can be blush on, not irritated and to find out the best formulations. The methode of this research was done by making dragon fruit extract by maceration for 24 hours using etanol. The extract formulation used is 15%, 25%, and 40%. Ingridienst for making blush on include kaolin, parrafin liquid, zink oxyd, and talcum. Evaluation of blus on preparations include homogenty, pH, dispersion, irritation, polish and hedonic. The results of research 3 blush on formulation, the preparation met the homogenity test with no vissible coarse grains and particlesevently mixed. The pH of the preparation producted is still in the normal pH range of spearat evenly and easily attached to the skin, with each application three time polishing. Based on the favorite test after processing statistical data, formulation the most preferred panelish is blush on formulation 3.
Key words: Dragon fruit, blush on, antosianin.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL HERBA KROKOT (Portulaca oleracea L.) SECARA Topical UNTUK Reepitelisasi PENYEMBUHAN LUKA INSISI PADA TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Ardiani Rani
Published: April 2022

The krokot is a weed that usually grows in plantations. In scientific language, purslane is called Portulaca oleracea L. Purslane is well-known as a nutritious plant in several countries such as China, Mexico, and Greece. In Indonesia, purslane is also known to have uses, or a substitute for ginseng. This aims of the study to determine the effectiveness of purslane herb ethanol extract ointment on wound healing in white rats. This research was conducted using an experimental method. In this study, phytochemical screening and simplicia characterization were carried out. Incision wound healing effect was tested on 25 male white rats with 5 treatment subgroups, namely positive control, negative control, purslane herb ethanol extract ointment 10%, purslane herb ethanol extract ointment 20%, purslane herb ethanol extract ointment 30%. The ointment base used is Vaseline album, liquid paraffin, and solid paraffin. All formulations of purslane herb 10%, 20% and 30%, met the requirements for evaluation of ointment preparations. Phytochemical screening results showed positive containing flavonoids, tannins and saponins. The results of the characterization of purslane herb simplicia powder obtained water content of 8.37%, water soluble extract content of 11.35%, ethanol soluble extract content of 10.99%, total ash content of 7.46% and acid insoluble ash content of 0.88%. The average results of observation of incision wounds in white rats were concentrations of 10% (22 mm) for 14 days, 20% (0.1 mm) for 14 days, 30% (0.04 mm) for 14 days. While the positive control (betadine ointment) was (0 mm) and the negative control (ointment base) was (0.42 mm). It can be concluded that purslane herb ethanol extract can provide effectiveness and antioxidants for wound healing in white rats. The purslane herb 30% ethanol extract has almost comparable effectiveness with betadine ointment in healing incisional wounds in white rats.
ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEPATUHAN PEGAWAI INSTALASI FARMASI DENGAN PENGGUNAAN ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI ( APD) DI RSUD KISARAN TAHUN 2021
Authors: Sulasmi Sulasmi
Published: April 2022

Background: PPE is a tool used to protect yourself or the body against the dangers of work accidents. The factors that influence adherence are K3 training, knowledge, behavior, age, gender. The Pharmacy Installation is a part of the hospital that manages the hospital's pharmaceutical needs, medicines, (BMHP), and medical devices. handling and controlling B3 as well as hospital injection drugs which of course have a risk of exposure to hazardous biological substances (biohazard). The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors associated with the compliance of pharmacy installation staff with the use of PPE at Kisaran Regional Hospital in 2021.Methods: This type of research used quantitative research using a cross sectional approach. The number of samples in this study were 30 people. The sample was determined by a simple technique of selecting the sample using purposive sampling. The results of the study: The data was collected using a questionnaire sheet and then processed using a statistical computer program with the chi square test with a significance level of α = 0.05 (95%). The results of the study found that the relationship of compliance with PPE use with age (p = 0.002 <α 0.05), gender (p = 0.127> α 0.05), K3 training (p = 0.004 <α 0.05), Knowledge (p = 0.018 <α 0.05) and Behavior (p = 0.011 <α 0.05). It is recommended for Kisaran Hospital to further improve the Compliance with the Use of PPE, especially for Pharmacy Installation employees.
PERBANDINGAN UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIDIABETES TERHADAP LUMATAN DAUN SALAM (Syzygium polyanthum Wight) DAN DAUN UBI JALAR UNGU (Ipomoea batatas L.) PADA MENCIT TAHUN 2021
Authors: Sanjaya Angga Nugraha , Barus Bunga Rimta
Published: April 2022

Background: Agustin, Diana parmaning Comparison of antidiabetic effectiveness tests against crushed bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum W) and purple sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea batatas L) in mice in 2021. (Supervised by: apt. Bunga Rimta Barus, S.farm.,M.Si )
Diabetes mellitus is a constant metabolic infection portrayed by an expansion in blood glucose levels that can be treated with customary medication got from plants. One illustration of a plant that can decrease blood glucose levels is inlet leaf and purple yam leaf which contain flavonoids to bring down blood glucose by expanding cell affectability to insulin and expanding insulin in pancreatic cells. To decide the impact of the blend of cove leaf concentrate and yam leaf in bringing blood glucose levels contrasted down with glibenclamide. The trial study utilized 15 mice which were initiated by alloxan and partitioned into 5 gatherings. Gathering 1 (negative control) CMC Na 1%, bunch 2 (positive control) glibenclamide at a portion of 0.65 mg/kgBB, bunch 3 a solitary cove leaf remove at a portion of 100 mg/kgBB, bunch 4 a solitary purple yam leaf separate at a portion of 200 mg/kg. kgBB, bunch 5 blend of straight leaf separate at a portion of 150 mg/kgBB and purple yam leaf extricate at a portion of 150 mg/kgBB. Extraction utilizing maceration strategy with 96% ethanol dissolvable. From the aftereffects of the investigation, every treatment bunch encountered a lessening in blood glucose levels. Of the 5 treatment gatherings, the best decrease in blood glucose levels was the three mix gatherings. Among the three mix gatherings, the mix portion of 150 mg/kgBB of inlet leaves and 150 mg/kgBB of purple yam leaves was the best contrasted with glibenclamide in bringing down blood glucose levels.Conclusion: The blend of sound leaf concentrate and purple yam leaf has a more successful impact on bringing down blood glucose levels than glibenclamide and its single concentrate.
Formulasi Dan Uji Sifat Fisik Gel Hand Sanitizer Ekstrak Etanol Daun Lidah Mertua(Sansevieria Trifasciata Prain)
Authors: Barus Bunga Rimta
Published: April 2022

Gel hand sanitizer telah banyak digunakan sebagai salah satu cara untuk menjaga kesehatan dan kebersihan tangan yang praktis dan mudah dibawa. Umumnya gel handsanitizer mengandung senyawa alkohol sebagai antiseptik untuk membunuh bakteri, tetapi penggunaan gel antiseptik yang mengandung alkohol dalam jangka panjang dapat menimbulkan iritasi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan bahan alternatif alami yang ramah di kulit. dan tidak mengiritasi kulit,.salah satu tanaman yang memiliki daya antibakteri adalah daun lidah mertua (sansevieria trifasciata prain). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui formulasi dan uji sifat fisik gel handsanitizer dari ekstrak daun lidah mertua (sansevieria trifasciata prain). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan data hasil penelitian disajikan secara deskriptif. Gel dibuat dalam tiga formula dengan kosentrasi yang berbeda yaitu 10%, 20%, 30%. Evaluasi fisik gel yang dilakukan meliputi uji organoleptik, homogenitas, daya lekat, pH, viskositas, dan hedonik. Hasil evaluasi menunjukan formula 1 (10%) dan formula 2 (20%) dan formula 3 (30%). memenuhi semua syarat pada evaluasi sifat fisik gel yang meliputi uji organoleptik, homogenitas, daya lekat, pH, viskositas, dan hedonik.
UJI FORMULASI SEDIAAN SALEP EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PACAR (Lawsonia inermis L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus DAN Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Harahap Nina Irmayanti
Published: April 2022

Background: Indonesia is a country rich in natural resources that can be used as traditional medicine. Pacar leaf extract (Lawsonia inermis L.) can be formulated into ointment preparations, can inhibit the growth of staphylococcus aureus (SA) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) bacteria and determine the best inhibitory concentration.
Methods: This research method was experimental, the extract was obtained by maceration method with 80% ethanol solvent, then ointment was made using adeps lanae base, vaseline album and Pacar leaf extract ointment hadcombination concentrations 8%, 12% and 16%.
The results of the study: The results showed that Pacar Leaf Extract (SEEDP)could be formulated as an ointment preparation and met the requirements for quality testing of ointment preparations, including characterization tests and phytochemical screening tests. The results of the antibacterial activity test showed that the formulation of the ointment preparations of Pacar  Extract with concentrations of 8%, 12% and 16% could inhibit the growth of bacteria and good inhibition of 16% with an average diameter of bacteria (SA). 11.93 mm and bacteria (PA) 17.2 mm.It was concluded that the higher the concentration of the extract, the greater the inhibition given. The preparation of pacar leaf extract ointment with concentrations of 8%, 12% and 16% was the best ointment in inhibiting the growth of bacteria (SA) and (PA)
PENETAPAN KADAR STEROID PADA EKSTRAK DAUN TITANUS (Leea aequata L.) SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS
Authors: Perbina Dian Ika , Purba Jhan Saberlan
Published: April 2022

The titanus plant (Leea aequata L.) is a plant that used as traditional medicine. The stems and roots are used as astringent, anthelmintic, indigestion, jaundice, chronic fever and malaria. The leaves and twigs are used as an antiseptic and to treat wounds. Steroids are secondary metabolites that have a compound structure that quite diverse. Steroids have a pharmacological effect on lowering cholesterol and anticarcinogenic. The objective of the research to determine the steroid levels in titanus leaf extract (Leea aequata L.). The analytical method used is qualitative with reagents Lieberman-Bouchard and quantitative uv-vis spectrophotometry with wavelength of 423 nm. The results of the qualitative analysis of the positive samples contained steroid compounds. The Results quantitative content of ethanol extract of titanus leaf 30.8889 mg/g, and quantitative results ethyl acetate extract content of titanus leaves 72.2649 mg/g. Validity test results obtained linearity test r=0.9994, RSD of ethanol extract 0,2852% and ethyl acetate extract 8,1120%, recovery of 101% ethanol extract and 103.667% ethyl acetate extract, LOD 2.2078 and LOQ 7,3593. SPSS analysis results p=0.000 (p<0.05). Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that uv-vis spectrophotometry can be used to determine total steroid content of titanus leaf extract (Leea aequata L.).
PENGARUH LATIHAN GERAK PINGGUL (STRETCHING) TERHADAP TINGKAT NYERI PUNGGUNG BAWAH PADA LANSIA DI DESA MEKAR SARI KECAMATAN DELITUA KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG
Authors: Tumanggor Lili Suryani , Ginting Daniel Suranta
Published: April 2022

Stretching is one form of therapy needed to lengthen muscles that increase shortening or increase elasticity and enlarge muscles. Maintain muscles at their natural length and can maintain their function properly. This type of research uses a pre-experimental research design with the design of a pretest-posttest group that is there is no comparison group (control), but the first observation (pretest) has been made that allows research that can improve the changes produced after the study. The sample is part of the population to be excluded or part of the characteristics possessed by the population. How to take a sample by taking the entire sample of participation into a sample (total sampling) of 20 people. The decisive variable in this study is the rate of return of the lower back in the elderly. This research uses paired t statistical test with α <0.05. The instruments in this study were interviews and observations conducted before and after the intervention. Statistical test results show the basic rate of return to the elderly before and given different interventions with a significant level of 0.017 (p <0.05). Based on the results of research that is supported so that further research can discuss further by using other confounding variables that can increase comfort and develop proper hip exercise stretching time.