bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coping with the consequences of short‐term illness shocks: The role of intra‐household labor substitution
Authors: Dureja Abhishek , Negi Digvijay S.
Published: April 2022

In developing countries where medical infrastructure, service delivery systems, and the markets for health insurance are underdeveloped, one important mechanism to cope with the consequences of health shocks is the intra‐household substitution of labor. This paper studies the impact of short‐term illness shocks on labor supply and wage earnings of prime‐aged individuals using data from agricultural households in India. It also documents the compensating intra‐household labor supply responses of other non‐ill members of the household. We find that an illness shock reduces an individual's monthly wage earnings by 7.1% via the decline in the individual's days of employment in the labor market. Further, an illness shock to the household head causes a compensating increase in the wage labor supply of the wife. An illness shock to the wife, however, induces the household head to devote more time to domestic activities. The compensating labor supply responses are only partially able to insure the loss in total wage income of the household. Our results indicate that the gender‐based specialization of labor weakens in the event of an illness shock.
Bone marrow metastasis in a patient with non‐seminomatous testicular germ cell tumor
Authors: Ueda Takashi , Takada Ippei , Shimizu Teruki , Ito Saya , Fujihara Atsuko , Shiraishi Takumi , Nakamura Terukazu , Ukimura Osamu
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Metastasis to the bone marrow is rare in testicular germ cell tumor patients. We report a case of a patient with a non‐seminomatous testicular germ cell tumor who presented with bone marrow metastases after intensive chemotherapy.

Case presentation

A 36‐year‐old man was admitted to the hospital with pancytopenia. Previously, he had received intensive care for an advanced left testicular germ cell tumor. Although multidisciplinary treatments including several regimens of salvage chemotherapy, desperation retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, and focal radiotherapy were performed, the serum tumor marker alfa‐fetoprotein was not normalized and there were no findings of relapse by several imaging modalities. Bone marrow aspirate, conducted to diagnose a cause of pancytopenia, revealed metastatic germ cell tumors in the bone marrow.

Conclusion

Bone marrow metastasis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with germ cell tumors whose serum tumor makers are not normalized without any radiographic finding of recurrence.
Therapeutic plasma exchange for multiorgan dysfunction among critically ill pediatric patients with leukemia: A single‐institutional experience
Authors: Mc Dermott Sarah , Dargan Chandni , Gonzalez Dominguez Elizabeth , Music Aplenc Lejla , Flatt Terrie , Iqbal Nazia
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has well‐documented applications in the adult population, outlined by the American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) 2019 guidelines. Limited data exist regarding the use of TPE in critically ill pediatric patients; however, these reports rarely include patients with oncological diseases.

Methods

We highlight the use of TPE in the acute management of seven pediatric patients with leukemia treated at Children's Mercy Hospital ICU from 2015 to 2020, including TPE specifications, baseline and interval laboratory evaluation, and outcome measures. Analysis compared those who did (n = 4) and did not (n = 3) survive 30 days post‐TPE.

Results

Multiorgan failure (MOF) prompted the initiation of TPE in 85.7% of patients, 57.1% of whom were also diagnosed with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Baseline laboratory evaluations prior to initiation of TPE were similar between the two groups. With subsequent TPE treatments, C‐reactive protein (CRP) and lactic acid decreased. CRP and lactic acid following the last TPE treatment were significantly higher for those deceased 30 days post‐TPE (P = .023 and .031, respectively). No TPE‐associated adverse events necessitated discontinuation of TPE treatment. Several surviving patients required chemotherapy dose reductions or alterations.

Conclusion

Our cohort demonstrated MOF and HLH consistently as indications for TPE, currently ASFA category III indications (optimal role of apheresis is not yet established). Recognition of this treatment modality earlier in the clinical course for critically ill oncological patients may lead to the development of formal protocols that may result in earlier initiation of TPE and improved outcomes.
FASB ASC § 740 simplification of income taxes: An evaluation of the effects on U.S. corporate financial statements from 2015‐present
Authors: Green Hunter , Mason Carter , Boyer‐Davis Stacy
Published: April 2022

The FASB Codification is a key document in financial accounting as it serves the role of authoritative guidance for a majority of the field. The main problem associated with the Codification comes from its unwieldly complexity, which can give rise to corruption in financial reporting, compliance issues, and general difficulty in application. To combat such issues, FASB has undertaken several projects, referred to as the simplification initiative, to reduce complexity in order to provide better cost‐benefit usage of the guidance. Simplification of the Codification also provides several supplemental benefits, such as closer guidance to IFRS standards and reduced corruption activities. An examination of the impacts of the simplification initiative on corporate financial accounting relating to accounting standards update (ASC) § 740, accounting for income taxes demonstrates the benefits of simplification, as well as any detriments that may exist. By looking at the history of simplification and taxes, certain estimations of the effects of future changes may be determined.
ZZS similarity tool: The online tool for similarity screening to identify chemicals of potential concern
Authors: Wassenaar Pim N. H. , Rorije Emiel , Vijver Martina G. , Peijnenburg Willie J. G. M.
Published: April 2022

Screening and prioritization of chemicals is essential to ensure that available evaluation capacity is invested in those substances that are of highest concern. We, therefore, recently developed structural similarity models that evaluate the structural similarity of substances with unknown properties to known Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC), which could be an indication of comparable effects. In the current study the performance of these models is improved by (1) separating known SVHCs in more specific subgroups, (2) (re‐)optimizing similarity models for the various SVHC‐subgroups, and (3) improving interpretability of the predicted outcomes by providing a confidence score. The improvements are directly incorporated in a freely accessible web‐based tool, named the ZZS similarity tool: https://rvszoeksysteem.rivm.nl/ZzsSimilarityTool. Accordingly, this tool can be used by risk assessors, academia and industrial partners to screen and prioritize chemicals for further action and evaluation within varying frameworks, and could support the identification of tomorrow's substances of concern.
E2f4 is required for intestinal and otolith development in zebrafish
Authors: Jin Xiaolin , Liu Junjun , Wang Shuo , Shi Jiale , Zhao Chengtian , Xie Haibo , Kang Yunsi
Published: April 2022

E2f4 is a multifunctional transcription factor that is essential for many cellular processes. Although the role of E2f4 during cell cycle progression has been investigated in great detail, less is known about E2f4 during embryonic development. Here, we investigated the role of E2f4 during zebrafish development. Zebrafish e2f4 mutants displayed ectopic otolith formation due to abnormal ciliary beating in the otic vesicle. The beating defects of motile cilia were caused by abnormal expression of ciliary motility genes. The expression of two genes, lrrc23 and ccdc151, were significantly decreased in the absence of E2f4. In addition to that, e2f4 mutants also displayed growth retardation both in the body length and body weight and mostly died at around 6 months old. Although food intake was normal in the mutants, we found that the microvilli of the intestinal epithelia were significantly affected in the mutants. Finally, the intestinal epithelia of e2f4 mutants also displayed reduced cell proliferation, together with an increased level of cell apoptosis. Our data suggested a tissue‐specific role of E2f4 during zebrafish development, which is distinct from the traditional views of this protein as a transcription repressor.
Consumption of cowpea‐based dishes in Benin: Main motives and barriers, and spatial and temporal changes
Authors: Akissoé Lorène , Icard‐Vernière Christèle , Madodé Yann E. , Hemery Youna M. , Kpossilande Claudia E. , Mouquet‐Rivier Claire , Hounhouigan D. Joseph
Published: April 2022

In Benin, cowpea products are commonly consumed traditional dishes. Urbanization and income changes contribute to eating habit modifications in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Therefore, the aims of this study were (i) to identify factors influencing cowpea consumption and (ii) to document generational changes in cowpea consumption in rural and urban areas. A Food Frequency Questionnaire, which considered nine cowpea‐based dishes classified in three groups (doughnuts, stews, and mixed dishes), was filled in by 1,217 adults in Cotonou (urban area) and in Adjohoun and Allada (rural areas). Sixteen focus group discussions (n = 7–13 participants/each) were also carried out. Cowpea‐based dishes were consumed by 90%–95% of respondents. Socioeconomic and demographic factors had little or no influence on cowpea‐based dish consumption. The main motivations for their consumption were health benefits and satiety provided at low cost. The main barriers to cowpea consumption, identified by participants, were preference for other foods, lack of availability as street food, and ignorance of some traditional dishes. Digestive discomfort was also identified as a factor that reduced the frequency of cowpea‐based dish consumption, but not as a factor of non‐consumption. Changes in cooking methods and consumption patterns were pointed out by the respondents for some of these cowpea‐based dishes with the aim to reduce cooking time or improve the dish attractiveness. Our findings bring knowledge on cowpea consumption in urban and rural areas in the south of Benin that could help to develop strategies for limiting the nutritional transition‐linked decrease of cowpea consumption in the future.
On the Neumann problem for fractional semilinear elliptic equations arising from Keller–Segel model
Authors: Jin Zhen‐Feng , Sun Hong‐Rui
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we study the following fractional semilinear Neumann problem arising from Keller–Segel model:

where 
 is a smooth bounded domain and 
 is the outward unit normal to 
. First, under the superlinear and subcritical growth assumptions on
, we prove that there exists at least one positive nonconstant solution
for small
and the family of solutions
is uniformly bounded. Moreover, we build a Pohozaev‐type identity for the (
‐) Neumann harmonic extension of the following problem:

where
is a
function such that
. As a direct application of this identity, when
satisfies
, where
, we deduce the nonexistence of weak bounded solution in star‐shaped domains.
Exenatide for weight‐loss maintenance in adolescents with severe obesity: A randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Fox Claudia K. , Clark Justin M. , Rudser Kyle D. , Ryder Justin R. , Gross Amy C. , Nathan Brandon M. , Sunni Muna , Dengel Donald R. , Billington Charles J. , Bensignor Megan O. , Kelly Aaron S.
Published: April 2022

Objective

This study sought to evaluate the effect of 52 weeks of exenatide extended release (XR) on the maintenance of meal replacement therapy (MRT)‐induced BMI reduction in adolescents with severe obesity.

Methods

In this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, 100 participants aged 12 to 18 years with BMI ≥ 1.2 × 95th percentile were enrolled in a short‐term MRT run‐in phase. Those who achieved ≥5% BMI reduction during the run‐in were then randomized to 52 weeks of exenatide XR 2.0 mg or placebo weekly. Both groups also received lifestyle therapy. The prespecified primary end point was mean percent change in BMI from randomization (post run‐in) to 52 weeks in the intention‐to‐treat population.

Results

A total of 100 participants were enrolled, and 66 (mean age 16 = [SD 1.5] years; 47% female) achieved ≥5% BMI reduction with MRT and were randomized (33 to exenatide XR and 33 to placebo). From randomization (post run‐in) to 52 weeks, mean BMI increased 4.6% and 10.1% in the exenatide XR and placebo groups, respectively. The placebo‐subtracted exenatide XR treatment effect was −4.1% (95% CI: −8.6% to 0.5%, p = 0.078).

Conclusions

Although not achieving statistical significance, exenatide XR, compared with placebo, may partly mitigate the propensity toward BMI rebound in adolescents who achieved initial weight loss with dietary intervention.
How we approach lymphedema in the pediatric population
Authors: Pateva Irina , Greene Arin K. , Snyder Kristen M.
Published: April 2022

Lymphedema in children is rare; however, it is usually a progressive and chronic condition. Accurate diagnosis of lymphedema in the pediatric population often takes several months and sometimes is delayed for years. Lymphedema can be isolated or associated with genetic syndromes, thus it is very important to identify the correct diagnosis, to select carefully which patients to refer for genetic testing, and to initiate appropriate treatment in a timely fashion. In this article, we review key information about diagnosis of lymphedema, associated conditions and syndromes, and current treatment modalities.
Integration of physical health and sensory processing assessment for children with autism spectrum disorder in schools
Authors: Trudel Sierra M. , Winter Emily L. , Fitzmaurice Brenna , Norman Gina , Bray Clark R.
Published: April 2022

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often undergo various assessments and evaluations as part of the diagnostic process, identification and classification for special education eligibility, and continued progress monitoring for skill growth. Such evaluations may include cognitive, social and emotional, behavioral, and speech evaluations, among other skill and ability assessments. One other area for assessment that clinicians may consider examining when working on evaluations for individuals with ASD includes the integration of assessments capturing physical and sensory needs. Physical health identifiers that may be included in such evaluations cover physical exercise, sleep, diet and food sensitivities, and elimination. Additionally, sensory evaluations may consider auditory, olfactory, taste, tactile, vestibular, and proprioceptive sensory abilities and needs. This practitioner‐focused chapter includes a brief review of each of the aforementioned physical and sensory abilities and their connection to ASD. Further, implications for practitioners in their assessment of ASD are explored with practical tips and recommendations for providers to use for their future assessments for ASD.
Registration of ‘S15‐10434C’ soybean cultivar with high yield, resistance to multiple diseases, and wide adaptation
Authors: Chen Pengyin , Ali M. L. , Shannon Grover , Crisel Melissa , Smothers Scotty , Clubb Michael , Selves Stewart , Canella Vieira Caio , Lee Dongho , Scaboo Andrew , Usovsky Mariola , Nguyen Henry T. , Mitchum Melissa G. , Li Zenglu , Bond Jason , Meinhardt Clinton , Li Shuxian , Mengistu Alemu , Robbins Robert T. , Mozzoni Leandro A. , Zhang Bo , Smith James R. , Buckley Blair
Published: April 2022

‘S15‐10434C’ (Reg. no. CV‐548, PI 699630) is a maturity group V, high‐yielding conventional soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] cultivar developed and released in 2019 by the University of Missouri–Fisher Delta Research Center Soybean Breeding Program. S15‐10434C was developed following conventional breeding from a cross between ‘S11‐17025C’ and ‘S11‐14954’, which are Missouri soybean lines. ‘S11‐17025C’ is a high‐yielding cultivar with resistance to multiple diseases, and ‘S11‐14954’ is a line with high yield potential and soybean cyst nematode resistance developed by the University of Missouri soybean breeding program. Before release, S15‐10434C was tested in 107 environments in Missouri and other southern states from 2016 to 2019 for yield and other agronomic traits. On average, S15‐10434C yielded 4,102 kg ha–1, which is higher than the all‐tests mean of 3,907 kg ha–1. S15‐10434C seed contains 40.7% protein and 21.7% oil on a dry‐seed‐weight basis. It exhibits relative maturity of 5.5, determinate growth habit, purple flowers, tawny pubescence, and tan pod wall. Seeds are yellow with intermediate luster and black hila, with seed weight of 13.1 g 100–1 seed. S15‐10434C is 76 cm tall and has resistance to lodging. It is resistant to cyst nematode (races 1, 2, 3, 5, and 14), reniform nematode, peanut and southern root knot nematodes, sudden death syndrome, and frogeye leaf spot and has field tolerance to phytophthora root rot. It is also a chloride excluder. In addition to its high yield potential and desired seed protein content, S15‐10434C has broad adaptation across southern states.
Novel forms of prostate cancer chemoresistance to successful androgen deprivation therapy demand new approaches: Rationale for targeting BET proteins
Authors: Mori Joakin O. , Shafran Jordan S. , Stojanova Marija , Katz Mark H. , Gignac Gretchen A. , Wisco Jonathan J. , Heaphy Christopher M. , Denis Gerald V.
Published: April 2022

In patients with prostate cancer, the duration of remission after treatment with androgen deprivation therapies (ADTs) varies dramatically. Clinical experience has demonstrated difficulties in predicting individual risk for progression due to chemoresistance. Drug combinations that inhibit androgen biosynthesis (e.g., abiraterone acetate) and androgen signaling (e.g., enzalutamide or apalutamide) have proven so effective that new forms of ADT resistance are emerging. In particular, prostate cancers with a neuroendocrine transcriptional signature, which demonstrate greater plasticity, and potentially, increased predisposition to metastasize, are becoming more prevalent. Notably, these subtypes had in fact been relatively rare before the widespread success of novel ADT regimens. Therefore, better understanding of these resistance mechanisms and potential alternative treatments are necessary to improve progression‐free survival for patients treated with ADT. Targeting the bromodomain and extra‐terminal (BET) protein family, specifically BRD4, with newer investigational agents may represent one such option. Several families of chromatin modifiers appear to be involved in ADT resistance and targeting these pathways could also offer novel approaches. However, the limited transcriptional and genomic information on ADT resistance mechanisms, and a serious lack of patient diversity in clinical trials, demand profiling of a much broader clinical and demographic range of patients, before robust conclusions can be drawn and a clear direction established.
Subcutaneous sarcoidosis (Darier–Roussy sarcoidosis) with extensive disease on positron emission tomography: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Youn Paul , Francis Roslyn J. , Preston Henry , Lake Fiona
Published: April 2022

Cutaneous manifestations of sarcoidosis are common, but subcutaneous nodules are rare, originally described in 1904 by Darier and Roussy and thought to represent isolated skin disease. We present a 61‐year‐old male who presented with 3 months of subcutaneous nodules on the forearms and knees. Biopsy confirmed sarcoidosis. An [F‐18] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) showed confluent uptake in the skin of forearms and knees, along with thighs and buttocks, mediastinal, hilar and upper abdominal lymph nodes, and multiple bones. He was well and treated with hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day. The nodules resolved and a repeat FDG PET/CT at 5 months showed a significant decrease in the uptake at all involved sites. Although a PET scan can demonstrate extensive disease in a patient presenting with subcutaneous nodules, the literature suggests prognosis is good and treatment should start simply with the least toxic approach, such as with hydroxychloroquine therapy.
In Vitro Reconstitution of Kinesin-Based, Axonal mRNA Transport
Authors: Grawenhoff Julia , Baumann Sebastian , Maurer Sebastian P.
Published: April 2022

Motor protein-driven transport of mRNAs on microtubules and their local translation underlie important neuronal functions such as development, growth cone steering, and synaptic plasticity. While there is abundant data on how membrane-bound cargoes such as vesicles, endosomes, or mitochondria are coupled to motor proteins, surprisingly little is known on the direct interactions of RNA–protein complexes and kinesins or dynein. Provided the potential building blocks are identified, in vitro reconstitutions coupled to Total Internal Reflection Microscopy (TIRF-M) are a powerful and highly sensitive tool to understand how single molecules dynamically interact to assemble into functional complexes. Here we describe how we assemble TIRF-M imaging chambers suitable for the imaging of single protein–RNA complexes. We give advice on optimal sample preparation procedures and explain how a minimal axonal mRNA transport complex can be assembled in vitro. As these assays work at picomolar-range concentrations of proteins and RNAs, they allow the investigation of molecules that cannot be obtained at high concentrations, such as many large or disordered proteins. This now opens the possibility to study how RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), RNAs, and microtubule-associated proteins act together in real-time at single-molecule sensitivity to create cytoplasmic mRNA distributions.
Live Imaging of RNA Transport and Translation in Xenopus Retinal Axons
Authors: Lin Julie Qiaojin , Cioni Jean-Michel
Published: April 2022

In neurons, specific mRNAs are transported into axons, where their local translation supports essential cellular functions. Over the years, our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying axonal mRNA translation has rapidly expanded. However, tools to study mRNA localization and translation in real time with high spatial precision were not available until recently. Here, we present a live imaging approach to examine axonal mRNA trafficking and translation simultaneously in Xenopus retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), using in vitro synthesized fluorescently labeled mRNAs coupled with a genetically encoded protein tagging system to visualize synthesizing peptides at single-molecule resolution. We further describe the process of image analysis in detail, thus providing a methodology that can be used to investigate new research questions in the field.
Karl Korsch und der Logische Empirismus. Ambivalenzen, Kritik, Perspektiven
Authors: Buckmiller Michael
Published: April 2022

Karl Korschs marxistische Sonderstellung im Verhältnis zum Logischen Empirismus reicht zurück in die freistudentische Bewegung, in der er als aktivistischer Theoretiker durch eine „logische Konstruktionsformel“ die innerorganisatorischen Konflikte überwinden will. Beeinflusst vom englischen Positivismus der Fabian Society bietet er in der deutschen Revolution 1918 eine Konstruktionsformel für die Sozialisierung der Volkswirtschaft. Das Scheitern des erhofften sozialistischen Aufbaus führt zur politischen Radikalisierung und Hinwendung zu einer eigenständigen Marxrezeption, aus deren Gedankenwelt er unter Aufnahme Diltheyscher Elemente das Scheitern des Marxismus der Zweiten Internationale erklärt und die Marxschen Feuerbach-Thesen als dialektisches Bindeglied zwischen Empirismus und revolutionärer Aktion im Sinne der Kommunistischen Internationale aufnimmt. Mit dem Sieg des Stalinismus schließt er den Leninismus in die marxistische Kritik mit ein und nähert sich erneut dem logischen Positivismus des Wiener Kreises (Carnap, Reichenbach). Durch den Nationalsozialismus in die Emigration gezwungen bemüht er sich um eine neue Marx-Interpretation, in der er den methodischen Ansatz der konsequenten historischen Spezifizierung als materialistisch-dialektischen Kern einer aufklärenden sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung sieht.

Die erneute Annäherung an den logischen Positivismus (Unified Science Congress 1939) bleibt am Ende Episode, da aus seiner Sicht weder der Logische Positivismus noch der Marxismus-Leninismus in der realen geschichtlichen Welt tatsächlich weiterführende emanzipatorische Problemlösungen der zentralen Fragen der Menschheit liefern konnten.
Einleitung zu Hans Reichenbach, „Die freistudentische Idee. Ihr Inhalt als Einheit [Auszug]“
Authors: Damböck Christian , Werner Meike G.
Published: April 2022

Der hier in einem Auszug edierte Text von Hans Reichenbach hat schon vor über vier Jahrzehnten einige Aufmerksamkeit erfahren, als er 1974 von Ulrich Linse ausführlich diskutiert und vier Jahre später von Maria Reichenbach in Übersetzung in Reichenbachs Selected Writings 1909–1953 aufgenommen wurde. Ein Jahr davor hatte sich Andreas Kamlah im Anhang seiner deutschsprachigen Edition von Reichenbachs The Rise of Scientific Philosophy (1951) auf diesen Text bezogen. Sein ursprünglicher Erscheinungsort war ein drei Aufsätze umfassender Band, den Reichenbach gemeinsam mit den Autoren der anderen beiden Beiträge, Hermann Kranold (1888–1942) und Carl Landauer (1891–1983), ediert und als Vorbereitung des 13. Freistudententages im Mai 1913 publiziert hat. Der spätere Wirtschaftswissenschaftler Carl Landauer war seit 1912 Mitglied der SPD. Kranold, der Medizin und Nationalökonomie studierte, trat ebenfalls 1912 in die SPD ein und arbeitete 1919 unter anderem mit Otto Neurath die Sozialisierungsprogramme für Sachsen und Bayern aus.
Einleitung zu Rudolf Carnap, „Deutschlands Niederlage: Sinnloses Schicksal oder Schuld?“ (1918)
Authors: Damböck Christian
Published: April 2022

Der hier edierte Text „Deutschlands Niederlage: Sinnloses Schicksal oder Schuld?“ ist ein unveröffentlicht gebliebenes Manuskript aus dem Nachlass von Rudolf Carnap. Der Text war von Carnap unter dem Pseudonym Kernberger (nach Carnaps Wohnort in Jena) verfasst worden. Er war zur Veröffentlichung in den Politischen Rundbriefen vorgesehen, einer vom späteren DDR-Historiker Karl Bittel edierten Zeitschrift. Diese Zeitschrift war schon vor dem Kriegsende „vertraulich, als Handschrift“ (Bittel, 1918) erschienen. Zwischen Oktober 1918 und Ende 1919 fungierte sie dann als öffentliches politisches Organ der sozialdemokratisch orientierten Freideutschen. In Bittels Editorial zur ersten, mit 5. Oktober 1918 datierten, öffentlichen Nummer heißt es:Die hier proklamierte Unabhängigkeit bedeutet nicht zwangsläufig politische Neutralität, stammten die Autoren des Blattes doch in der Mehrzahl aus einem der USPD (Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands) nahe stehenden Kreis von (Berliner) Freideutschen. Dieser Kreis publizierte Anfang 1919 einen von Helmut Tormin verfassten und von Carnap mit unterzeichneten „Aufruf an die freideutsche Jugend“, in dem die Grundsätze einer „[d]emokratisch-sozialistischen Gruppe der Freideutschen Groß-Berlins“ (Tormin, 1968, S. 615) charakterisiert wurden.
Exploring the Human Impact of Public Health Interventions in T.C. Boyle’s “The Fugitive”
Authors: Childress Andrew , Nuila Ricardo
Published: April 2022

In T.C. Boyle’s (Boyle, The Relive Box and Other Stories. HarperCollins, New York, 2017) short story, “The Fugitive,” the public health practitioners treating the protagonist, Marciano, for tuberculosis (TB) override his right to decide his own treatment plan. Marciano’s struggles show an inherent conflict in public health ethics between protecting the community from infectious diseases and respecting a person’s right to autonomous decision making. Public health officials in the story failed to treat him as a human being by not eliciting his illness narrative. To avoid these failures in the future, we recommend that public health officials adopt a narrative-based approach to policymaking and training public health practitioners. Doing so will help public health officials build trust in healthcare institutions, thereby increasing compliance with public health measures. In this chapter we will explore Boyle’s story as a way to frame concerns about the effectiveness, utility, proportionality, and necessity of the public health measures taken in this case.
Why Stories Matter: An Introduction to Narrative Approaches to Public Health Ethics
Authors: Larson Stephanie A.
Published: April 2022

This chapter provides a brief overview of narrative public health ethics to help guide engagement with the narratives contained within this book. The first section introduces narrative medical ethics, which serves as the foundation for the public health narrative ethics we propose in this book. The second section explores the developing field of narrative public health ethics and surveys scholars who have laid the groundwork for this approach. Finally, conclusions are drawn with consideration given to major challenges and future directions for the field of narrative public health ethics.
Particle Morphology Effect on the Soil Pore Structure
Authors: Ali Maroof M. , Eidgahee Danial Rezazadeh , Mahboubi Ahmad
Published: April 2022

The soil fabric can be expressed as a network model. Granular media voids connectivity and constriction size distribution may lead to movement of air, fluids, and solids in the soil, and therefore affect the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of soils. Understanding the soil voids areas and their interconnection might be helpful in understanding different phenomena such as transport in porous media, water retention, fluid flow in the soil, soil contamination, internal erosion, suffusion, and filtration. In addition, specifying the soil voids interconnectivity can help researchers and practical engineers to provide the best rehabilitation and remediation approaches. The pore network was investigated in the current study, assuming the soil particles to be similar to discrete spheres and particles with different shapes. Also, based on the modelling techniques, the profiles of pore connectivity and constriction size distribution were assessed.
Research on the Influence of Transverse Limit of Support on Construction Monitoring of Special-Shaped Bridge
Authors: Chao Yi , Jun Dong
Published: April 2022

In order to understand whether the alignment, internal force and cable force of the special-shaped cable-stayed bridge can still meet the design and code requirements due to the influence of the transverse displacement of the support during the construction process, the transverse displacement of the girder arch system is restricted before the removal of the support. The difference between the measured value and the designed value at each stage of the boom is within ±5%, which meets the design and specification requirements. In this paper, the pedestrian bridge in Anyi County, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province is taken as an example. MADIS/Civil software is used for finite element simulation analysis in the construction stage, and the linear shape, internal force and cable force of the superstructure are monitored. The results show that the measured deformation values of arch ribs and beams meet the design and specification requirements during the whole construction process. The difference between the measured value and the designed value at each stage of the boom is within ±5%, which meets the design and specification requirements.
Probabilistic Analysis of a Braced Excavation Considering Soil Spatial Variability
Authors: Ding Shirui , Yang Haoqing , Xu Jiabao
Published: April 2022

Deep braced excavations are generally known to be associated with risks from various sources. The inherent uncertainty of soil strength properties is one of the primary factors that influence the deformation of the retaining wall and the ground settlement. In this study, the numerical model of a braced excavation is firstly established by an elastic-plastic model with Drucker-Prager failure criterion in COMSOL Multiphysics. Random field theory is used to simulate the spatial variability of Young’s modulus. The uncertainty of braced excavation on ground settlement and deflection of retaining wall by stages are studied by Monte Carlo simulation based on 500 random fields. The struts can lessen the uncertainty of wall deflection during excavation but have a limited impact on settlement. The deterministic result may underestimate the settlement of braced excavation. The uncertainty of wall deflection is significantly reduced after the first strut. The uncertainty of wall deflection above the depth of struts is well-controlled at the final stage of excavation.
Influence of Excavation of Horizontal Adit Tunnel on Main Tunnel and Safety Analysis
Authors: Fu Liang
Published: April 2022

For the influence of horizontal adit tunnel on the main tunnel, taking a tunnel as an example, MIDAS finite element software is used to analyzes the displacement and stress state of the primary support and secondary lining structure of the main tunnel before and after excavation, gives the local structural safety factor at the junction of the two, and analyzes the safety of the lining structure. The results show that: (1) After the main tunnel lining is removed, the lining has a certain displacement to the free face, the maximum is 55.3 mm, and the displacement changes little after the lining of the horizontal adit tunnel; (2) The safety factor calculation of the main tunnel lining at the junction, except the inverted arch area of primary support, all other parts meet the specification requirements.
Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of Long Span PC Continuous Beam Bridge with Corrugated Steel Webs
Authors: Jiang Yu , Long Peiheng
Published: April 2022

In order to explore the regularity of alignment and stress variation of long-span corrugated steel web (CSW) continuous beam bridge during cantilever casting construction was taken as the engineering background. Based on numerical simulation, the sensitivity of parameters of alignment and stress of the main beam is carried out on cast-in-place section weight, modulus of elasticity and temperature gradient. The results show that the obvious influence of cast-in-situ section weight and temperature gradient on the alignment and stress is the key control parameters, while modulus of elasticity is the secondary control parameters. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor concrete dense and environmental temperature change in real time during construction, closure at a suitable temperature. Correct construction errors in time, ensure structural safety and smooth alignment.
An Algorithm to Obtain Moment-Curvature Diagram for Reinforced Concrete Sections
Authors: Mohemmi Morteza
Published: April 2022

Reinforced concrete is one of the most common materials in construction and knowledge of the behavior of reinforced concrete with lateral reinforcement has been one of the important topics in researches. Due to the high cost of laboratory studies, researchers have tried to develop numerical methods with the help of relationships obtained from analytical researches as well as various programs including finite element codes. In most studies, moment-curvature diagrams in reinforced concrete with confined cores have been significant in studying the behavior and performance of reinforced concrete sections. In this research, using analytical relations and applying MATLAB program, a suitable algorithm for calculating the moment-curvature in reinforced concrete columns with lateral reinforcement is presented. In this algorithm, the famous Mander and Kent and Park models are used and a method for eliminating the non-confined concrete cover during the analysis is proposed. Finally, the moment-curvature was obtained for 4 sections of reinforced concrete and compared with the KSU-RC program, which show a good agreement.
Reliability Analysis of Gravity Retaining Wall
Authors: Zhang Baohua , Zhang Zhenkang , Zheng Peng
Published: April 2022

In this article, When considering effect of earthquake and under ground water. The failure mode of gravity earth-retaining wall and the way of settling the limit of reliability are analyzed. Based on project improved JC Method is applied to calculate unitary reliability, the pertinence with the invalid mode being considered farther, the limit of reliability is calculated.
Research on Key Technology of Anti-sliding Treatment of Resin Thin Layer of Bascule Bridge Steel Panel
Authors: Wu Di , Han Yafang , Jin Xiayu
Published: April 2022

There is relatively little research on steel deck pavement of bascule bridge at home and abroad, which usually adopts the same paving materials and structures as ordinary steel deck, but it can’t meet the normal application conditions. In order to improve the anti-sliding performance of steel deck pavement of bascule bridge, this paper provides a set of steel deck pavement technology of bascule bridge through theoretical analysis of mechanics of bascule bridge and research of pavement materials. The engineering application research shows that the anti-sliding performance of the pavement back layer is obviously improved. After 7 months of application, the pavement layer has a good overall structure, and the bonding strength is still stable at 3.57 MPa, with good durability and good social benefits.
Fast Algorithm for Completion State Calculating of Wire Rope Cable Bridge
Authors: Feng Yang , Song Dan , Li Minghui
Published: April 2022

When determining the completion state of the main cable of a cableway bridge, although the catenary theory can accurately consider the nonlinear mechanical effect of the cable, the iterative calculation is cumbersome and not convenient for engineering applications. Although the calculation based on the parabola theory is simple, the calculation accuracy for long cables is low. In this paper, based on catenary theory and considering the calculation accuracy and avoiding iterative calculation, a fast algorithm for the completion state of the main cable of the wire rope cableway bridge is proposed. The results show that the bridge state can be quickly and accurately determined by approximating the horizontal component of the cable tension and avoiding multiple iterative calculations. The proposed algorithm can be used in engineering design and construction.
Risikokommunikation zum Schutz vor Gefahrstoffen am Arbeitsplatz
Authors: Pipke Rüdiger , Wilmes Annette
Published: April 2022

Gefahrstoffe sind in der Arbeitswelt allgegenwärtig. Beschäftigte aus allen Branchen sind bei ihrer Arbeit mit Gefahrstoffen unterschiedlichen Risiken ausgesetzt. Dies betrifft auch Personen, die nicht unmittelbar mit Gefahrstoffen umgehen (Bystander). Risikokommunikation im Arbeitsschutz spricht verschiedene Zielgruppen an. Das Spektrum reicht vom Groß- zum Kleinunternehmer über Sicherheitsfachkräfte, Betriebsärzte, Betriebs- und Personalräte bis hin zu den Beschäftigten und der breiten Öffentlichkeit. Risikokommunikation im Arbeitsschutz hat das Ziel, entlang von Lieferketten Risikobewusstsein bei Herstellern, Arbeitgebern und den Beschäftigten zu schaffen, risikohaftes Verhalten zu vermindern und risikominderndes Verhalten zu bestärken.

In diesem Beitrag werden Instrumente der Risikokommunikation erläutert und bezüglich ihrer Wirksamkeit betrachtet. Das betrifft verbindliche Instrumente im europäischen Binnenmarkt wie das Gefahrenetikett oder das Sicherheitsdatenblatt (SDB). Auf Ebene der Gefahrstoffverordnung sind es die Technischen Regeln für Gefahrstoffe (TRGS), Grenzwerte, das Einfache Maßnahmenkonzept Gefahrstoffe (EMKG) und als kreatives Instrument die Objekte der „DASA Arbeitswelt Ausstellung“ in Dortmund. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass eine Anpassung der Instrumente besonders für kleine und kleinste Unternehmen notwendig ist, damit diese einen passenden Einstieg in die Risikobewertung finden. Oft sind diesen die vorhandenen Instrumente nicht bekannt, zu umfangreich oder schwer verständlich. Handlungsempfehlungen wären hier hilfreich. Vorliegende wissenschaftliche Studien konzentrieren sich eher auf die Defizite in der Risikobewertung als auf die Entwicklung von effizienten Wegen der Risikokommunikation. Hier sind weitere Analysen der Bedürfnisse unterschiedlicher Zielgruppen für eine adressatengerechte Risikokommunikation erforderlich.
A local magnitude scale for a volcanic region: the Canary Islands, Spain
Authors: Rueda Juan , Mezcua Julio
Published: April 2022

In this study, we define a local magnitude scale for earthquakes occurring in the Canary Islands during the 2003–2020 period. We used data corresponding to 696 earthquakes (excluding those associated with the 2011–2015 El Hierro eruption), which consisted of 9267 observations in a hypocentral distance in the range of 10–500 km. Amplitudes were obtained by deconvolving the original recordings with the instrument response and then convolving the recording with the Wood-Anderson response. The amplitudes were inverted simultaneously to obtain the distance correction terms and station corrections. We found that the amplitude for this set of data is linearly attenuated. However, this is not the case for the seismicity recorded during the 2011 El Hierro eruption, which is the reason for excluding data for that case. We obtain a local magnitude ofML = logA + 0.967 log (R/40) + 0.00142 (R − 40) + 2.445 + S, whereAis the maximum amplitude in millimeters of the S wave for the horizontal components of the simulated Wood-Anderson instrument (WA),Ris the hypocentral distance in kilometers, andSis the station correction for each component at every station. This relationship indicates that seismic waves at this island volcano setting are less attenuated than those in crustal continental settings, such as across the Iberian Peninsula or in California.
Smart network based portfolios
Authors: Clemente Gian Paolo , Grassi Rosanna , Hitaj Asmerilda
Published: April 2022

In this article we deal with the problem of portfolio allocation by enhancing network theory tools. We propose the use of the correlation network dependence structure in constructing some well-known risk-based models in which the estimation of the correlation matrix is a building block in the portfolio optimization. We formulate and solve all these portfolio allocation problems using both the standard approach and the network-based approach. Moreover, in constructing the network-based portfolios we propose the use of three different estimators for the covariance matrix: the sample, the shrinkage toward constant correlation and the depth-based estimators . All the strategies under analysis are implemented on three high-dimensional portfolios having different characteristics. We find that the network-based portfolio consistently performs better and has lower risk compared to the corresponding standard portfolio in an out-of-sample perspective.
Practical consideration for successful sequential tumor biopsies in first-in-human trials
Authors: Koyama Takafumi , Shimizu Toshio , Sato Jun , Katsuya Yuki , Iwasa Satoru , Kondo Shunsuke , Yoshida Tatsuya , Sudo Kazuki , Nishino Makoto , Takiguchi Yuichi , Yonemori Kan , Yamamoto Noboru
Published: April 2022

In first-in-human (FIH) trials, sequential tumor biopsies, i.e., two consecutive tumor biopsies, the first performed at baseline (pretreatment) and the second during the early treatment period (on-treatment), provide proof of concept in investigational new drugs. We evaluated the success of sequential tumor biopsies in FIH trials, and explored approaches for improved success rates. We retrospectively reviewed the sequential tumor biopsies required in 17 of 52 FIH trials conducted from 2015 to 2020. One hundred and thirty-eight patients were identified. Success of either pretreatment or on-treatment biopsy alone, and of sequential tumor biopsies, was defined as the acquisition of viable tumor cells and as obtaining tumor cells from both biopsy specimens, respectively. The success rates of pretreatment and on-treatment biopsy were 98.6% and 94.2%, respectively, and of sequential tumor biopsies was 70.3%. Adverse events associated with the pretreatment biopsies (33.3% positive; 72.0% negative) and timing of the first imaging assessment (before on-treatment biopsy = 40.0%; after on-treatment biopsy = 82.7%) correlated with successful sequential tumor biopsies. The reasons for unsuccessful sequential tumor biopsies could be categorized into two groups: 1) patient refusal of the on-treatment biopsy (most frequently due to early disease progression); and 2) absence of tumor cells in the pretreatment or on-treatment biopsy specimen. We propose an approach to achieving greater success in sequential tumor biopsies in FIH trials; the first imaging assessment during the study should be scheduled after on-treatment biopsy. (Registration number UMIN000042487, Date of registration November 18, 2020).
Trends and Issues in MOOC Learning Analytics Empirical Research: A Systematic Literature Review (2011–2021)
Authors: Zhu Meina , Sari Annisa R. , Lee Mimi Miyoung
Published: April 2022

Learning analytics (LA) is a growing research trend and has recently been used in research and practices in massive open online courses (MOOCs). This systematic review of 166 articles from 2011–2021 synthesizes the trends and critical issues of LA in MOOCs. The eight-step process proposed by Okoli and Schabram was used to guide this systematic review in analyzing publication outlets, research purposes and methods, stakeholders, and researchers’ geographic locations and subjects. The review showed that MOOC LA research is primarily published in top-tier journals, such as the Journal of Learning Analytics, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, and Computers & Education, as well as conference proceedings. The review also revealed that LA in MOOCs was used more frequently for the purpose of research than for practice (i.e., learning and teaching). Approximately 60% of the reviewed studies adopted learners’ log data and achievement data as the primary data sources. Statistics, machine learning, content analysis, social network analysis, text analysis, and data visualization were the top six specific data analysis techniques used in the MOOC LA studies. Regarding collaboration, more than half of the reviewed studies involved interdisciplinary collaborations, and approximately one-third involved international collaborations. We suggested future studies on MOOC LA interventions to improve learning and teaching practices, and the active interdisciplinary collaboration to increase the rigor of the studies and the dissemination of the knowledge. More detailed discussion and implications for research and practice are presented. This research provides insights on future research and practices regarding LA use in MOOCs.