bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
System Model of Heat and Mass Transfer Process for Mobile Solvent Vapor Phase Drying Equipment
Authors: Zhang Shiwei , Zhu Yufang , Qiao Baozhen , Zhang Zhijun
Published: September 2014

The solvent vapor phase drying process is one of the most important processes during the production and maintenance for large oil‐immersed power transformer. In this paper, the working principle, system composition, and technological process of mobile solvent vapor phase drying (MVPD) equipment for transformer are introduced in detail. On the basis of necessary simplification and assumption for MVPD equipment and process, a heat and mass transfer mathematical model including 40 mathematical equations is established, which represents completely thermodynamics laws of phase change and transport process of solvent, water, and air in MVPD technological processes and describes in detail the quantitative relationship among important physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, and flux in key equipment units and process. Taking a practical field drying process of 500 KV/750 MVA power transformer as an example, the simulation calculation of a complete technological process is carried out by programming with MATLAB software and some relation curves of key process parameters changing with time are obtained such as body temperature, tank pressure, and water yield. The change trend of theoretical simulation results is very consistent with the actual production record data which verifies the correctness of mathematical model established.
Laplacian Spectral Characterization of Some Unicyclic Graphs
Authors: Yu Lijun , Wang Hui , Zhou Jiang
Published: September 2014

LetW(n;q,m1,m2)be the unicyclic graph withnvertices obtained by attaching two paths of lengthsm1andm2at two adjacent vertices of cycleCq. LetU(n;q,m1,m2,…,ms)be the unicyclic graph withnvertices obtained by attachingspaths of lengthsm1,m2,…,msat the same vertex of cycleCq. In this paper, we prove thatW(n;q,m1,m2)andU(n;q,m1,m2,…,ms)are determined by their Laplacian spectra whenqis even.
Deep First Formal Concept Search
Authors: Zhang Tao , Li Hui , Hong Wenxue , Yuan Xiamei , Wei Xinyu
Published: August 2014

The calculation of formal concepts is a very important part in the theory of formal concept analysis (FCA); however, within the framework of FCA, computing all formal concepts is the main challenge because of its exponential complexity and difficulty in visualizing the calculating process. With the basic idea of Depth First Search, this paper presents a visualization algorithm by the attribute topology of formal context. Limited by the constraints and calculation rules, all concepts are achieved by the visualization global formal concepts searching, based on the topology degenerated with the fixed start and end points, without repetition and omission. This method makes the calculation of formal concepts precise and easy to operate and reflects the integrity of the algorithm, which enables it to be suitable for visualization analysis.
Profit Malmquist Index and Its Global Form in the Presence of the Negative Data in DEA
Authors: Tohidi Ghasem , Razavyan Shabnam , Tohidnia Simin
Published: August 2014

This paper first introduces the allocative and profit efficiency in the presence of the negative data and then presents a new circular index to measure the productivity change of decision making units (DMUs) for the case that the dataset contains the inputs and/or outputs with the negative values in data envelopment analysis (DEA). The proposed index is decomposed into four components in the two stages. The range directional model (RDM) and the proposed efficiencies are used to compute the proposed index and its components. The interpretations of the components are presented. Finally, a numerical example is organized to illustrate the proposed index and its components at three successive periods of time.
A Case of Diprosopus: Perinatal Counseling and Management
Authors: Thornton Kimberly M. , Bennett Timothy , Singh Vivekanand , Mardis Neil , Linebarger Jennifer , Kilbride Howard , Voos Kristin
Published: August 2014

Diprosopus is a rare congenital malformation associated with high mortality. Here, we describe a patient with diprosopus, multiple life-threatening anomalies, and genetic mutations. Prenatal diagnosis and counseling made a beneficial impact on the family and medical providers in the care of this case.
Impact of NRAS Mutations on the Diagnosis of Follicular Neoplasm of the Thyroid
Authors: Bae Ja-Seong , Choi Seung Kyu , Jeon Sora , Kim Yourha , Lee Sohee , Lee Youn Soo , Jung Chan Kwon
Published: August 2014

Background. Most patients with a preoperative diagnosis of thyroid follicular neoplasm (FN) undergo diagnostic surgery to determine whether the nodule is benign or malignant. Point mutations atNRAScodon 61 are the most common mutations observed in FN. However, the clinical significance ofNRASmutation remains unclear.Methods. From 2012 to 2013, 123 consecutive patients undergoing thyroidectomy for FN were evaluated prospectively. Molecular analyses forNRAScodon 61 were performed with pyrosequencing.Results. The overall malignancy rate in FN was 48.8% (60/123). Of 123 FNs, 33 (26.8%) were positive for theNRASmutation. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of aNRASmutation-positive FN specimen to predict malignancy were 37%, 83%, 67%, and 58%, respectively. Patients with aNRAS-positive FN had a higher malignancy rate in additional thyroid nodules beyond the FN than patients with a NRAS-negative FN. The overall malignancy rate of patients with a NRAS-positive FN was significantly higher than that of patients with a NRAS-negative FN (79% versus 52%;P= 0.008).Conclusions. Determining NRAS mutation status in FN helps to improve the accuracy of thyroid cancer diagnosis and to predict cancer risk in accompanying thyroid nodules.
An Empirical Study of Parameter Estimation for Stated Preference Experimental Design
Authors: Yang Fei , Chen Lin , Cheng Yang , Luo Xia , Ran Bin
Published: August 2014

The stated preference experimental design can affect the reliability of the parameters estimation in discrete choice model. Some scholars have proposed some new experimental designs, such as D‐efficient, Bayesian D‐efficient. But insufficient empirical research has been conducted on the effectiveness of these new designs and there has been little comparative analysis of the new designs against the traditional designs. In this paper, a new metro connecting Chengdu and its satellite cities is taken as the research subject to demonstrate the validity of the D‐efficient and Bayesian D‐efficient design. Comparisons between these new designs and orthogonal design were made by the fit of model and standard deviation of parameters estimation; then the best model result is obtained to analyze the travel choice behavior. The results indicate that Bayesian D‐efficient design works better than D‐efficient design. Some of the variables can affect significantly the choice behavior of people, including the waiting time and arrival time. The D‐efficient and Bayesian D‐efficient design for MNL can acquire reliability result in ML model, but the ML model cannot develop the theory advantages of these two designs. Finally, the metro can handle over 40% passengers flow if the metro will be operated in the future.
The Antimicrobial Peptide Lysozyme Is Induced after Multiple Trauma
Authors: Klüter Tim , Fitschen-Oestern Stefanie , Lippross Sebastian , Weuster Matthias , Mentlein Rolf , Steubesand Nadine , Neunaber Claudia , Hildebrand Frank , Pufe Thomas , Tohidnezhad Mersedeh , Beyer Andreas , Seekamp Andreas , Varoga Deike
Published: August 2014

The antimicrobial peptide lysozyme is an important factor of innate immunity and exerts high potential of antibacterial activity. In the present study we evaluated the lysozyme expression in serum of multiple injured patients and subsequently analyzed their possible sources and signaling pathways. Expression of lysozyme was examined in blood samples of multiple trauma patients from the day of trauma until 14 days after trauma by ELISA. To investigate major sources of lysozyme, its expression and regulation in serum samples, different blood cells, and tissue samples were analysed by ELISA and real-time PCR. Neutrophils and hepatocytes were stimulated with cytokines and supernatant ofStaphylococcus aureus. The present study demonstrates the induction and release of lysozyme in serum of multiple injured patients. The highest lysozyme expression of all tested cells and tissues was detected in neutrophils. Stimulation with trauma-related factors such as interleukin-6 andS. aureusinduced lysozyme expression. Liver tissue samples of patients without trauma show little lysozyme expression compared to neutrophils. After stimulation with bacterial fragments, lysozyme expression of hepatocytes is upregulated significantly. Toll-like receptor 2, a classic receptor of Gram-positive bacterial protein, was detected as a possible target for lysozyme induction.
Investigations on the Influence of the In-Stream Pylon and Strut on the Performance of a Scramjet Combustor
Authors: Ouyang Hao , Liu Weidong , Sun Mingbo
Published: August 2014

The influence of the in-stream pylon and strut on the performance of scramjet combustor was experimentally and numerically investigated. The experiments were conducted with a direct-connect supersonic model combustor equipped with multiple cavities. The entrance parameter of combustor corresponds to scramjet flight Mach number 4.0 with a total temperature of 947 K. The research results show that, compared with the scramjet combustor without pylon and strut, the wall pressure and the thrust of the scramjet increase due to the improvement of mixing and combustion effect due to the pylon and strut. The total pressure loss caused by the strut is considerable whereas pylon influence is slight.
Management of Hepatic Rupture Diagnosed after an Emergency Cesarean Section
Authors: Damiani Gianluca Raffaello , Merola Viviana , Barnaba Mario , Landi Stefano , Cormio Gennaro , Pellegrino Antonio
Published: August 2014

A careful management of hepatic capsular rupture, with massive hemoperitoneum which occurred 14 hours after an emergency cesarean section at 36 weeks of gestation, is meticulously reported. The grade of hepatic involvement varies from minor capsular laceration to extensive parenchymal rupture. Our management involved a combination of surgical interventions and aggressive supportive care. The patient was discharged after 53 days and 4 laparotomies and an unsuccessful attempt of superselective artery embolization. Ultrasound after 40 days from the last surgery showed uniform hepatic parenchyma free of focal lesions. Due to the rarity and the unpredictability nature of this devastating event we believe necessary to report our experience, reinforcing the importance of the postsurgery management.
Synergistic Effect of Vaginal Trauma and Ovariectomy in a Murine Model of Stress Urinary Incontinence: Upregulation of Urethral Nitric Oxide Synthases and Estrogen Receptors
Authors: Chen Huey-Yi , Chen Wen-Chi , Lin Yu-Ning , Chen Yung-Hsiang
Published: August 2014

The molecular mechanisms underlying stress urinary incontinence (SUI) are unclear. We aimed to evaluate the molecular alterations in mice urethras following vaginal trauma and ovariectomy (OVX). Twenty-four virgin female mice were equally distributed into four groups: noninstrumented control; vaginal distension (VD) group; OVX group; and VD + OVX group. Changes in leak point pressures (LPPs), genital tract morphology, body weight gain, plasma 17β-estradiol level and expressions of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and estrogen receptors (ERs—ERα and ERβ) were analyzed. Three weeks after VD, the four groups differed significantly in genital size and body weight gain. Compared with the control group, the plasma estradiol levels were significantly decreased in the OVX and VD + OVX groups, and LPPs were significantly decreased in all three groups. nNOS, iNOS, and ERα expressions in the urethra were significantly increased in the VD and VD + OVX groups, whereas ERβexpression was significantly increased only in the VD + OVX group. These results show that SUI following vaginal trauma and OVX involves urethral upregulations of nNOS, iNOS, and ERs, suggesting that NO- and ER-mediated signaling might play a role in the synergistic effect of birth trauma and OVX-related SUI pathogenesis.
MHD Flow of the Micropolar Fluid between Eccentrically Rotating Disks
Authors: Srivastava Neetu
Published: September 2014

This analytical investigation examines the magnetohydrodynamic flow problem of an incompressible micropolar fluid between the two eccentrically placed disks. Employing suitable transformations, the flow governing partial differential equations is reduced to ordinary differential equations. An exact solution representing the different flow characteristic of micropolar fluid has been derived by solving the ordinary differential equations. Analysis of the flow characteristics of the micropolar fluid has been done graphically by varying the Reynolds number and the Hartmann number. This analysis has been carried out for the weak and strong interactions.
Study on Detection and Localization Algorithm of Traffic Signs from Natural Scenes
Authors: Han Xian-Zhong , Chen Chen , Wang Ke-Jian , Yuan Yingchun , Song Yulong
Published: August 2014

Automatic detection and location of traffic signs is an important part of intelligent transportation, especially for unmanned vehicle technology research. For the morphological feature of China road traffic signs, we propose a traffic sign detection method based on color segmentation and shape analysis. Firstly, in order to solve the problems of traffic signs color cast, distortion, and cross-color in natural scenes, the images are processed by white balance, Retinex color enhancement, and affine transformation. Then, the type of traffic signs is discriminated and detected, according to the color and shape characteristics of traffic signs. The experimental results show that this method can effectively detect and recognize traffic signs.
The Dynamic Model Embed in Augmented Graph Cuts for Robust Hand Tracking and Segmentation in Videos
Authors: Wan Jun , Ruan Qiuqi , An Gaoyun , Li Wei , Liang Yanyan , Zhao Ruizhen
Published: August 2014

Segmenting human hand is important in computer vision applications, for example, sign language interpretation, human computer interaction, and gesture recognition. However, some serious bottlenecks still exist in hand localization systems such as fast hand motion capture, hand over face, and hand occlusions on which we focus in this paper. We present a novel method for hand tracking and segmentation based on augmented graph cuts and dynamic model. First, an effective dynamic model for state estimation is generated, which correctly predicts the location of hands probably having fast motion or shape deformations. Second, new energy terms are brought into the energy function to develop augmented graph cuts based on some cues, namely, spatial information, hand motion, and chamfer distance. The proposed method successfully achieves hand segmentation even though the hand passes over other skin‐colored objects. Some challenging videos are provided in the case of hand over face, hand occlusions, dynamic background, and fast motion. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is much more accurate than other graph cuts‐based methods for hand tracking and segmentation.
Batch Delivery Scheduling with Multiple Decentralized Manufacturers
Authors: Li Shi , Zhong Xueling , Li Hong , Li Sujian
Published: August 2014

This paper addresses an integrated decision on production scheduling and delivery operations, which is one of the most important issues in supply chain scheduling. We study a model in which a set of jobs ordered by only one customer and a set of decentralized manufacturers located at different locations are considered. Specifically, each job must be assigned to one of the decentralized manufacturers to process on its single machine facility. Then, the job is delivered to the customer directly in batch without intermediate inventory. The objective is to find a joint schedule of production and distribution to optimize the customer service level and delivery cost. In our work, we discuss this problem considering two different situations in terms of the customer service level. In the first one, the customer service is measured by the maximum arrival time, while the customer service is measured by the total arrival time in the second one. For each situation, we develop a dynamic programming algorithm to solve, respectively. Moreover, we identify a special case for the latter situation by introducing its corresponding solutions.
Web of Things-Based Remote Monitoring System for Coal Mine Safety Using Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Bo Cheng , Xin Cheng , Zhongyi Zhai , Chengwen Zhang , Junliang Chen
Published: August 2014

Frequent accidents have occurred in coal mine enterprises; therefore, raising the technological level of coal mine safety monitoring systems is an urgent problem. Wireless sensor networks (WSN), as a new field of research, have broad application prospects. This paper proposes a Web of Things- (WoT-) based remote monitoring system that takes full advantage of wireless sensor networks in combination with the CAN bus communication technique that abstracts the underground sensor data and capabilities into WoT resources to offer services using representational state transfer (REST) style. We also present three different implemented scenarios for WoT-based remote monitoring systems for coal mine safety, for which the system performance has been measured and analyzed. Finally, we describe our conclusions and future work.
Quantum Haplodynamics, Dark Matter, and Dark Energy
Authors: Fritzsch Harald , Solà Joan
Published: August 2014

In quantum haplodynamics (QHD) the weak bosons, quarks, and leptons are bound states of fundamental constituents, denoted as haplons. The confinement scale of the associated gauge groupSU(2)his of the order ofΛh≃0.3 TeV. One scalar state has zero haplon number and is the resonance observed at the LHC. In addition, there exist new bound states of haplons with no counterpart in the SM, having a mass of the order of 0.5 TeV up to a few TeV. In particular, a neutral scalar state with haplon number 4 is stable and can provide the dark matter in the universe. The QHD, QCD, and QED couplings can unify at the Planck scale. If this scale changes slowly with cosmic time, all of the fundamental couplings, the masses of the nucleons and of the DM particles, including the cosmological term (or vacuum energy density), will evolve with time. This could explain the dark energy of the universe.
Role of Feed Forward Neural Networks Coupled with Genetic Algorithm in Capitalizing of Intracellular Alpha-Galactosidase Production byAcinetobactersp.
Authors: Edupuganti Sirisha , Potumarthi Ravichandra , Sathish Thadikamala , Mangamoori Lakshmi Narasu
Published: August 2014

Alpha-galactosidase production in submerged fermentation byAcinetobactersp. was optimized using feed forward neural networks and genetic algorithm (FFNN-GA). Six different parameters, pH, temperature, agitation speed, carbon source (raffinose), nitrogen source (tryptone), and K2HPO4, were chosen and used to construct 6-10-1 topology of feed forward neural network to study interactions between fermentation parameters and enzyme yield. The predicted values were further optimized by genetic algorithm (GA). The predictability of neural networks was further analysed by using mean squared error (MSE), root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), andR2-value for training and testing data. Using hybrid neural networks and genetic algorithm, alpha-galactosidase production was improved from 7.5 U/mL to 10.2 U/mL.
An MPCA/LDA Based Dimensionality Reduction Algorithm for Face Recognition
Authors: Huang Jun , Su Kehua , El-Den Jamal , Hu Tao , Li Junlong
Published: August 2014

We proposed a face recognition algorithm based on both the multilinear principal component analysis (MPCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Compared with current traditional existing face recognition methods, our approach treats face images as multidimensional tensor in order to find the optimal tensor subspace for accomplishing dimension reduction. The LDA is used to project samples to a new discriminant feature space, while the K nearest neighbor (KNN) is adopted for sample set classification. The results of our study and the developed algorithm are validated with face databases ORL, FERET, and YALE and compared with PCA, MPCA, and PCA + LDA methods, which demonstrates an improvement in face recognition accuracy.
Prognostic Value of Normal Stress Echocardiography in Obese Patients
Authors: Murphy Michele , Krothapalli Siva , Cuellar Jose , Kanjanauthai Somsupha , Heeke Brian , Gomadam Pallavi S. , Guha Avirup , Barnes Vernon A. , Litwin Sheldon E. , Sharma Gyanendra K.
Published: August 2014

Background.Chest pain is a common problem in obese patients. Because of the body habitus, the results of noninvasive evaluation for CAD may be limited in this group.Methods.We reviewed the records of 1446 consecutive patients who had undergone clinically indicated stress echocardiography (SE). We compared major adverse cardiac events (MACE; myocardial infarction, cardiac intervention, cardiac death, subsequent hospitalization for cardiac events, and emergency department visits) at 1 year in normal weight, overweight, and obese subjects with normal SE.Results.Excluding patients with an abnormal and indeterminate SE and those who were lost to follow-up, a retrospective analysis of 704 patients was performed. There were 366 obese patients (BMI ≥ 30), 196 overweight patients (BMI 25–29.9), and 142 patients with normal BMI (18.5–24.9). There was no MACE in the groups at 1-year follow-up after a normal SE.Conclusions.In obese patients including those with multiple risk factors and symptoms concerning for cardiac ischemia, stress echocardiography is an effective and reliable noninvasive tool for identifying those with a low 1-year risk of cardiac events.
On Taxed Matrix Games and Changes in the Expected Transfer
Authors: Althöfer Ingo , Bärthel Marlis
Published: August 2014

In gambling scenarios the introduction of taxes may affect playing behavior and the transferred monetary volume. Using a game theoretic approach, we ask the following: How does the transferred monetary volume change when the winner has to pay a tax proportional to her win? In this paper we therefore introduce a new parameter: the expected transfer. For a zerosum matrix game with payoff matrix A and mixed strategies p and q of the two players it is defined by ET(A;p,q)=∑‍∑‍piqj|aij|. Surprisingly, it turns out that for small fair matrix games higher tax rates lead to an increased expected transfer. This phenomenon occurs also in analogous situations with tax on the loser, bonus for the winner, or bonus for the loser. Higher tax or bonus rates lead to overproportional expected revenues for the tax authority or overproportional expected expenses for the grant authority, respectively.
Phillips and Wage Curves: Empirical Evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Omerčević Edo , Nuroğlu Elif
Published: August 2014

This study is an empirical examination of the existence and characteristics of the Phillips curve and the wage curve in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The findings indicate that there is no evidence of the existence of the short-term Phillips curve. Instead, the data suggests that in the short-term an increase in inflation leads to an increase in unemployment. The estimated wage curves indicate that only increases in real payment increase employment. The conclusion of this study is that increases in inflation might have a negative short-term impact on the level of employment in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Exact Solitary Wave Solution in the ZK-BBM Equation
Authors: Zhao Juan , Li Wei
Published: August 2014

The traveling wave solution for the ZK-BBM equation is considered, which is governed by a nonlinear ODE system. The bifurcation structure of fixed points and bifurcation phase portraits with respect to the wave speed c are analyzed by using the dynamical system theory. Furthermore, the exact solutions of the homoclinic orbits for the nonlinear ODE system are obtained which corresponds to the solitary wave solution curve of the ZK-BBM equation.
LPTA: Location Predictive and Time Adaptive Data Gathering Scheme with Mobile Sink for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Zhu Chuan , Wang Yao , Han Guangjie , Rodrigues Joel J. P. C. , Lloret Jaime
Published: September 2014

This paper exploits sink mobility to prolong the lifetime of sensor networks while maintaining the data transmission delay relatively low. A location predictive and time adaptive data gathering scheme is proposed. In this paper, we introduce a sink location prediction principle based on loose time synchronization and deduce the time-location formulas of the mobile sink. According to local clocks and the time-location formulas of the mobile sink, nodes in the network are able to calculate the current location of the mobile sink accurately and route data packets timely toward the mobile sink by multihop relay. Considering that data packets generating from different areas may be different greatly, an adaptive dwelling time adjustment method is also proposed to balance energy consumption among nodes in the network. Simulation results show that our data gathering scheme enables data routing with less data transmission time delay and balance energy consumption among nodes.
Automatic Tracking and Characterization of Cumulonimbus Clouds from FY-2C Geostationary Meteorological Satellite Images
Authors: Liu Yu , Xi Du-Gang , Li Zhao-Liang , Shi Chun-Xiang
Published: August 2014

This paper presents an automated method to track cumulonimbus (Cb) clouds based on cloud classification and characterizes Cb behavior from FengYun-2C (FY-2C). First, a seeded region growing (SRG) algorithm is used with artificial neural network (ANN) cloud classification as preprocessing to identify consistent homogeneous Cb patches from infrared images. Second, a cross-correlation-based approach is used to track Cb patches within an image sequence. Third, 7 pixel parameters and 19 cloud patch parameters of Cb are derived. To assess the performance of the proposed method, 8 cases exhibiting different life stages and the temporal evolution of a single case are analyzed. The results show that (1) the proposed method is capable of locating and tracking Cb until dissipation and can account for the eventual splitting or merging of clouds; (2) compared to traditional brightness temperature (TB) thresholds-based cloud tracking methods, the proposed method reduces the uncertainty stemming from TB thresholds by classifying clouds with multichannel data in an advanced manner; and (3) the configuration and developmental stages of Cb that the method identifies are close to reality, suggesting that the characterization of Cb can provide detailed insight into the study of the motion and development of thunderstorms.
Calpain Activity and Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression in Platelet Regulate Haemostatic Situation in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery and Coagulation in Mice
Authors: Tsai Jui-Chi , Lin Yi-Wen , Huang Chun-Yao , Lin Feng-Yen , Tsai Chien-Sung
Published: August 2014

Human platelets express Toll-like receptors (TLR) 4. However, the mechanism by which TLR4 directly affects platelet aggregation and blood coagulation remains to be explored. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the platelet TLR4 expression in patients who underwent CABG surgery; we explored the correlation between platelet TLR4 expression and the early outcomes in hospital of patients. Additionally, C57BL/6 and C57BL/6-TlrLPS−/−mice were used to explore the roles of platelet TLR4 in coagulation by platelet aggregometry and rotation thromboelastometry. In conclusion, our results highlight the important roles of TLR4 in blood coagulation and platelet function. Of clinical relevance, we also explored novel roles for platelet TLR4 that are associated with early outcomes in cardiac surgery.
FPGA-Based Implementation of All-Digital QPSK Carrier Recovery Loop Combining Costas Loop and Maximum Likelihood Frequency Estimator
Authors: Wang Kaiyu , Song Zhiming , Qi Xianwei , Yan Qingxin , Tang Zhenan
Published: August 2014

This paper presents an efficient all digital carrier recovery loop (ADCRL) for quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK). The ADCRL combines classic closed-loop carrier recovery circuit, all digital Costas loop (ADCOL), with frequency feedward loop, maximum likelihood frequency estimator (MLFE) so as to make the best use of the advantages of the two types of carrier recovery loops and obtain a more robust performance in the procedure of carrier recovery. Besides, considering that, for MLFE, the accurate estimation of frequency offset is associated with the linear characteristic of its frequency discriminator (FD), the Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) algorithm is introduced into the FD based on MLFE to unwrap linearly phase difference. The frequency offset contained within the phase difference unwrapped is estimated by the MLFE implemented just using some shifter and multiply-accumulate units to assist the ADCOL to lock quickly and precisely. The joint simulation results of ModelSim and MATLAB show that the performances of the proposed ADCRL in locked-in time and range are superior to those of the ADCOL. On the other hand, a systematic design procedure based on FPGA for the proposed ADCRL is also presented.
L-Methionase: A Therapeutic Enzyme to Treat Malignancies
Authors: Sharma Bhupender , Singh Sukhdev , Kanwar Shamsher S.
Published: August 2014

Cancer is an increasing cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world.L-methionase has potential application against many types of cancers.L-Methionase is an intracellular enzyme in bacterial species, an extracellular enzyme in fungi, and absent in mammals.L-Methionase producing bacterial strain(s) can be isolated by 5,5′-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) as a screening dye.L-Methionine plays an important role in tumour cells. These cells become methionine dependent and eventually follow apoptosis due to methionine limitation in cancer cells.L-Methionine also plays an indispensable role in gene activation and inactivation due to hypermethylation and/or hypomethylation. Membrane transporters such as GLUT1 and ion channels like Na2+, Ca2+, K+, and Cl−become overexpressed. Further, the α-subunit of ATP synthase plays a role in cancer cells growth and development by providing them enhanced nutritional requirements. Currently, selenomethionine is also used as a prodrug in cancer therapy along with enzyme methionase that converts prodrug into active toxic chemical(s) that causes death of cancerous cells/tissue. More recently, fusion protein (FP) consisting ofL-methionase linked to annexin-V has been used in cancer therapy. The fusion proteins have advantage that they have specificity only for cancer cells and do not harm the normal cells.
The Usefulness of Xuefu Zhuyu Tang for Patients with Angina Pectoris: A Meta‐Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Yi Guo-zhong , Qiu Yu-qin , Xiao Ya , Yuan Li-xia
Published: August 2014

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of Xuefu Zhuyu Tang (XFZYT) for treating angina pectoris (AP). Methods. Six databases were searched (up to December, 2013). Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficiency of XFZYT plus traditional antianginal medications (TAMs) compared with TAMs alone in patients with AP were included. The outcomes were relief of anginal symptoms (RAS) and improvement of electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) level. Result. Finally 14 RCTs were included. There were evidences that XFZYT combined with TAMs was more effective in improving RAS (RR = 1.29; 95% CI = [1.20, 1.38]), ECG (RR = 1.37; 95% CI = [1.22, 1.54]), and blood HDL‐C level (MD = 0.29 mmol/L; 95% CI = [0.23, 0.35]) compared with TAMs alone. Our meta‐analysis also showed the pooled number needed to treat (NNT) of the group with stable angina pectoris (SAP) was smaller in improving RAS (4.2 versus 5.7) and ECG (3.1 versus 5.5) compared with the group with both SAP and unstable angina pectoris (UAP). Conclusion. Combination therapy with XFZYT and TAMs is more effective in treating AP compared with TAMs alone. And XFZYT may be a more suitable choice for the treatment of SAP. However, the findings should be interpreted with caution due to the mediocre methodological quality of the included RCTs.
Are Applied Growth Factors Able to Mimic the Positive Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Regeneration of Meniscus in the Avascular Zone?
Authors: Zellner Johannes , Taeger Christian Dirk , Schaffer Markus , Roldan J. Camilo , Loibl Markus , Mueller Michael B. , Berner Arne , Krutsch Werner , Huber Michaela K. I. , Kujat Richard , Nerlich Michael , Angele Peter
Published: August 2014

Meniscal lesions in the avascular zone are still a problem in traumatology. Tissue Engineering approaches with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) showed successful regeneration of meniscal defects in the avascular zone. However, in daily clinical practice, a single stage regenerative treatment would be preferable for meniscus injuries. In particular, clinically applicable bioactive substances or isolated growth factors like platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7) are in the focus of interest. In this study, the effects of PRP and BMP7 on the regeneration of avascular meniscal defects were evaluated. In vitro analysis showed that PRP secretes multiple growth factors over a period of 8 days. BMP7 enhances the collagen II deposition in an aggregate culture model of MSCs. However applied to meniscal defects PRP or BMP7 in combination with a hyaluronan collagen composite matrix failed to significantly improve meniscus healing in the avascular zone in a rabbit model after 3 months. Further information of the repair mechanism at the defect site is needed to develop special release systems or carriers for the appropriate application of growth factors to support biological augmentation of meniscus regeneration.
Accuracy of Patient Specific Cutting Blocks in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Helmy Naeder , Dao Trong Mai Lan , Kühnel Stefanie P.
Published: August 2014

Background.Long-term survival of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is mainly determined by optimal positioning of the components and prosthesis alignment. Implant positioning can be optimized by computer assisted surgery (CAS). Patient specific cutting blocks (PSCB) seem to have the potential to improve component alignment compared to the conventional technique and to be comparable to CAS.Methods.113 knees were selected for PSI and included in this study. Pre- and postoperative mechanical axis, represented by the hip-knee-angle (HKA), the proximal tibial angle (PTA), the distal femoral angle (DFA), and the tibial slope (TS) were measured and the deviation from expected ideal values was calculated.Results.With a margin of error of ±3°, success rates were 81.4% for HKA, 92.0% for TPA, and 94.7% for DFA. With the margin of error for alignments extended to ±4°, we obtained a success rate of 92.9% for the HKA, 98.2% for the PTA, and 99.1% for the DFA. The TS showed postoperative results of 2.86 ± 2.02° (mean change 1.76 ± 2.85°).Conclusion.PSCBs for TKA seem to restore the overall leg alignment. Our data suggest that each individual component can be implanted accurately and the results are comparable to the ones in CAS.
Grey Relational Analysis and Its Application Based on the Angle Perspective in Time Series
Authors: Xu Guodong , Guo Peng , Li Xuemei , Jia Yingying
Published: September 2014

The research scope of grey relational analysis has not been developed in recent years, and the exiting GRA models are all based on three perspectives, including distance perspective, slope perspective, and area perspective. Under this situation, a novel model called grey relational analysis based on angle perspective (GRAAP) was developed in this paper for the first time, and this model can expand the research scope of GRA. Like other GRA models, GRAAP not only has the properties of symmetry, uniqueness, comparability, and so forth but also can be used to make predictions, assessments, classifications, and so on. Finally, this novel model was proved to be rational and effective through a comparative study on the similar degree of four time series.
The Role of Constraints in a Segregation Model: The Asymmetric Case
Authors: Radi Davide , Gardini Laura , Avrutin Viktor
Published: August 2014

We extend the analysis on the effects of the entry constraints on the dynamics of an adaptive segregation model of Shelling’s type when the two populations involved differ in numerosity, level of tolerance toward members of the other population, and speed of reaction. The model is described by a two-dimensional piecewise smooth dynamical system in discrete time, where the entry constraints represent possible exogenous controls imposed by an authority in order to regulate the maximum number of members of the two populations allowed to enter the system, usually the district in which they live in. In this paper, we investigate the nature of some particular border collision bifurcations and discuss the policy implications of the entry constraints in terms of segregation. The investigation reveals that asymmetries in the level of tolerance of the two populations involved may lead to phenomena of overreaction or overshooting in the adjustment process. In order to avoid the risk of segregation, suitable entry limitations must be imposed at least on the more tolerant population.
Experimental and Numerical Studies on Wave Breaking Characteristics over a Fringing Reef under Monochromatic Wave Conditions
Authors: Lee Jong-In , Shin Sungwon , Kim Young-Taek
Published: September 2014

Fringing reefs play an important role in protecting the coastal area by inducing wave breaking and wave energy dissipation. However, modeling of wave transformation and energy dissipation on this topography is still difficult due to the unique structure. In the present study, two-dimensional laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the cross-shore variations of wave transformation, setup, and breaking phenomena over an idealized fringing reef with the 1/40 reef slope and to verify the Boussinesq model under monochromatic wave conditions. One-layer and two-layer model configurations of the Boussinesq model were used to figure out the model capability. Both models predicted well (r2>0.8)the cross-shore variation of the wave heights, crests, troughs, and setups when the nonlinearity is not too high(A0/h0<0.07in this study). However, as the wave nonlinearity and steepness increase, the one-layer model showed problems in prediction and stability due to the error on the vertical profile of fluid velocity. The results in this study revealed that one-layer model is not suitable in the highly nonlinear wave condition over a fringing reef bathymetry. This data set can contribute to the numerical model verification.
Effect of PVA-co-MMA Copolymer on the Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Tropical Wood Materials
Authors: Islam Md. Saiful , Hamdan Sinin , Ahmad Mansor B. , Hasan Mahbub , Hassan Azman , Haafiz M. K. Mohamad , Jawaid M.
Published: August 2014

The present study demonstrates the effect of copolymer on the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of tropical wood and wood polymer composites (WPCs). Mixed monomers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were effectively impregnated into the cellular structure of several types of tropical wood, which then underwent a catalyst-thermal process to polymerize and form WPC. The manufacturing of WPC was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. The SEM observation showed that polymer converted from monomers filled up wood cell cavities and tightly interacted with wood matrix. The X-ray diffraction results reveal that the degree of crystallinity was significantly improved upon impregnation with PVA-co-MMA copolymer. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) and compressive modulus were found to be significantly higher after treatment with MMA/PVA indicating improvement of mechanical properties of the wood samples. In addition, the modified WPC had lower water absorption compared to their corresponding raw samples. It is interesting to note that thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis shows an extensive improvement in thermal properties of WPC.
Primary Burkitt Lymphoma of the Fourth Ventricle in an Immunocompetent Young Patient
Authors: Alabdulsalam Abdulrahman , Zaidi Syed Z. A. , Tailor Imran , Orz Yasser , Al-Dandan Sadeq
Published: August 2014

Primary Burkitt lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS) is rare, with only few cases reported in the literature. An 18 year-old immunocompetent male presented with multiple cranial nerves palsies and was found to have a mass predominantly in the 4th ventricle of the brain. Tumor was surgically removed and showed morphological and immunohistochemical features consistent with Burkitt lymphoma. The patient responded very well to anthracycline based chemotherapy with high dose methotrexate (HD MTX) and intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy delivered by Ommaya reservoir. Primary Burkitt lymphoma of the CNS is a rare entity that poses differential diagnostic challenge with other small round blue cell tumors.
Impact of Blending on Strength Distribution of Ambient Cured Metakaolin and Palm Oil Fuel Ash Based Geopolymer Mortar
Authors: Yusuf Taliat Ola , Ismail Mohammad , Usman Jamilu , Noruzman Ainul H.
Published: August 2014

This paper investigates the influence of blending of metakaolin with silica rich palm oil fuel ash (POFA) on the strength distribution of geopolymer mortar. The broadness of strength distribution of quasi-brittle to brittle materials depends strongly on the existence of flaws such as voids, microcracks, and impurities in the material. Blending of materials containing alumina and silica with the objective of improving the performance of geopolymer makes comprehensive characterization necessary. The Weibull distribution is used to study the strength distribution and the reliability of geopolymer mortar specimens prepared from 100% metakaolin, 50% and 70% palm and cured under ambient condition. Mortar prisms and cubes were used to test the materials in flexure and compression, respectively, at 28 days and the results were analyzed using Weibull distribution. In flexure, Weibull modulus increased with POFA replacement, indicating reduced broadness of strength distribution from an increased homogeneity of the material. Modulus, however, decreased with increase in replacement of POFA in the specimens tested under compression. It is concluded that Weibull distribution is suitable for analyses of the blended geopolymer system. While porous microstructure is mainly responsible for flexural failure, heterogeneity of reaction relics is responsible for the compression failure.
Effect of Copolymer Latexes on Physicomechanical Properties of Mortar Containing High Volume Fly Ash as a Replacement Material of Cement
Authors: Negim El-Sayed , Kozhamzharova Latipa , Gulzhakhan Yeligbayeva , Khatib Jamal , Bekbayeva Lyazzat , Williams Craig
Published: August 2014

This paper investigates the physicomechanical properties of mortar containing high volume of fly ash (FA) as partial replacement of cement in presence of copolymer latexes. Portland cement (PC) was partially replaced with 0, 10, 20, 30 50, and 60% FA. Copolymer latexes were used based on 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA) and 2-hydroxymethylacrylate (2-HEMA). Testing included workability, setting time, absorption, chemically combined water content, compressive strength, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The addition of FA to mortar as replacement of PC affected the physicomechanical properties of mortar. As the content of FA in the concrete increased, the setting times (initial and final) were elongated. The results obtained at 28 days of curing indicate that the maximum properties of mortar occur at around 30% FA. Beyond 30% FA the properties of mortar reduce and at 60% FA the properties of mortar are lower than those of the reference mortar without FA. However, the addition of polymer latexes into mortar containing FA improved most of the physicomechanical properties of mortar at all curing times. Compressive strength, combined water, and workability of mortar containing FA premixed with latexes are higher than those of mortar containing FA without latexes.
A Rare Case of Neonatal Complicated Appendicitis in a Child with Patau’s Syndrome
Authors: Pastore Valentina , Bartoli Fabio
Published: September 2014

Neonatal appendicitis is a rare condition with high mortality rate. Signs and symptoms are often nonspecific, imaging modalities are not always diagnostic, and preoperative diagnosis is difficult with subsequent delay and complications. Its pathophysiology may be different from appendicitis in older children and comorbidities can be found. We report a case of a female neonate with Patau’s syndrome, intestinal malrotation, and Fallot tetralogy in whom perforated appendix, probably occurring during fetal period due to vascular insufficiency, was found at laparotomy.
Impact of Correlated Noises on Additive Dynamical Systems
Authors: Li Chujin , Duan Jinqiao
Published: September 2014

Impact of correlated noises on dynamical systems is investigated by considering Fokker‐Planck type equations under the fractional white noise measure, which correspond to stochastic differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motions with the Hurst parameter H > 1/2. Firstly, by constructing the fractional white noise framework, one small noise limit theorem is proved, which provides an estimate for the deviation of random solution orbits from the corresponding deterministic orbits. Secondly, numerical experiments are conducted to examine the probability density evolutions of two special dynamical systems, as the Hurst parameter H varies. Certain behaviors of the probability density functions are observed.
The Role of Microglia in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Grigsby Jeffery G. , Cardona Sandra M. , Pouw Cindy E. , Muniz Alberto , Mendiola Andrew S. , Tsin Andrew T. C. , Allen Donald M. , Cardona Astrid E.
Published: August 2014

There is growing evidence that chronic inflammation plays a role in both the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. There is also evidence that molecules produced as a result of hyperglycemia can activate microglia. However the exact contribution of microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, to retinal tissue damage during diabetes remains unclear. Current data suggest that dysregulated microglial responses are linked to their deleterious effects in several neurological diseases associated with chronic inflammation. As inflammatory cytokines and hyperglycemia disseminate through the diabetic retina, microglia can change to an activated state, increase in number, translocate through the retina, and themselves become the producers of inflammatory and apoptotic molecules or alternatively exert anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, microglial genetic variations may account for some of the individual differences commonly seen in patient’s susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy.