bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of locus of care on outcomes in adolescents and young adults with osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma treated at pediatric versus adult cancer centers: An IMPACT cohort study
Authors: Mortazavi Mohammadreza , Baxter Nancy N. , Gupta Sumit , Gupta Abha A. , Lau Cindy , Nagamuthu Chenthila , Nathan Paul C.
Published: January 2022

Background

Location of cancer care (LOC; pediatric vs. adult center) impacts outcomes in adolescents and young adults (AYA) with some cancer types. Data on the impact of LOC on survival in AYA with osteosarcoma (OSS) and Ewing sarcoma (EWS) are limited

Objectives

To compare differences in demographics, disease/treatment characteristics, and survival in a population‐based cohort of AYA with OSS or EWS treated at pediatric versus adult centers

Methods

The Initiative to Maximize Progress in Adolescent Cancer Therapy (IMPACT) cohort captured demographic, disease, and treatment data for all AYA (15–21 years old) diagnosed with OSS and EWS in Ontario, Canada between 1992 and 2012. Patients were linked to provincial administrative health care databases. Outcomes were compared between patients treated in pediatric versus adult centers.

Results

One hundred thirty‐seven AYA were diagnosed with OSS (LOC: 47 pediatric, 90 adult) and 84 with EWS (38 pediatric, 46 adult). AYA treated at pediatric centers were more likely to be enrolled in a clinical trial (OSS 55% vs. 1%, p < .001; EWS 53% vs. 2%, p < .001) and received higher cumulative chemotherapy doses. Five‐year event‐free survival (EFS ± standard error) in OSS and EWS were 47% ± 4% and 43% ± 5%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, the impact of LOC (pediatric vs. adult center) on EFS in OSS (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58–2.27, p = .69) and EWS (adjusted HR 1.82, 95% CI: 0.97–3.43, p = .06) was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Despite disparities in trial participation and chemotherapy doses, outcomes did not differ by LOC suggesting that AYA with bone tumors can be treated at either pediatric or adult centers.
Access to early‐phase clinical trials for children with relapsed and refractory neuroblastoma: A multicentre international study
Authors: Cortes Marta , Carceller Fernando , Rubio‐San‐Simón Alba , Vaidya Sucheta J. , Bautista Francisco , Moreno Lucas
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial tumour in children, and prognosis for refractory and relapsed disease is still poor. Early‐phase clinical trials play a pivotal role in the development of novel drugs. Ensuring adequate recruitment is crucial. The primary aim was to determine the rate of participation trials for children with refractory/relapsed neuroblastoma in two of the largest drug development European institutions.

Methods

Data from patients diagnosed with refractory/relapsed neuroblastoma between January 2012 and December 2018 at the two institutions were collected and analysed.

Results

Overall, 48 patients were included. A total of 31 (65%) refractory/relapsed cases were enrolled in early‐phase trials. The main reasons for not participating in clinical trials included not fulfilling eligibility criteria prior to consent (12/17, 70%) and screening failure (2/17, 12%). Median time on trial was 4.3 months (range 0.6–13.4). Most common cause for trial discontinuation was disease progression (67.7%). Median overall survival was longer in refractory (28 months, 95% CI: 20.9–40.2) than in relapsed patients (14 months, 95% CI: 8.1–20.1) (p = .034).

Conclusions

Although two thirds of children with refractory/relapsed neuroblastoma were enrolled in early‐phase trials, recruitment rates can still be improved. The main cause for not participating on trials was not fulfilling eligibility criteria prior to consent, mainly due to performance status and short life expectancy. This study highlights the hurdles to access to innovative therapies for children with relapsed/refractory neuroblastomas, and identifies key areas of development to improve recruitment to early‐phase trials.
Generation and reactivity of phenylhydroxycarbenes in solution
Authors: Keul Felix , Mardyukov Artur , Schreiner Peter R.
Published: January 2022

We provide evidence for the first successful generation of phenylhydroxycarbene and 4‐trifluoromethylphenylhydroxycarbene in solution. The carbene tautomers of the corresponding benzaldehyde derivatives had been prepared under cryogenic matrix‐isolation conditions before but their reactivity, apart from a prototypical quantum mechanical tunneling [1,2]‐H‐shift reaction, had not been studied. Here our strategy is to employ suitable carbene precursors for the McFadyen–Stevens reaction, to generate the parent and the para‐CF3‐substituted phenylhydroxycarbenes, and to react them with benzaldehyde or acetone in a highly facile, allowed six‐electron carbonyl‐ene reaction toward the corresponding α‐hydroxy ketones. Our findings are supported by computations at the DLPNO‐CCSD(T)/cc‐pVQZ//B3LYP/def2‐TZVP level of theory.
Optimal terminal‐velocity‐control guidance for intercepting non‐cooperative maneuvering quadcopter
Authors: Tao Hong , Lin Defu , He Shaoming , Song Tao , Jin Ren
Published: January 2022

This paper proposes a three‐dimensional optimal terminal velocity control guidance for multicopter intercepting maneuvering drone with equal maneuverability level. We investigate a novel multi‐rate extended Kalman filter‐based approach to estimate target's velocity and acceleration by fusing the measurements of onboard machine vision algorithm, electro‐optical pod, and inertial navigation system. The estimated target information is helpfully incorporated into the formulation of relative kinematics, based on which the guidance problem is naturally decoupled and optimal control theory can be directly leveraged to obtain the analytical solution. The key aspect of the proposed law lies in its low maneuverability requirement due to the inclusion of target information. The working principle and characteristics of the guidance command are theoretically analyzed to support our findings. Both numerical simulations and flight experiments are performed to validate the proposed approach and demonstrate its advantages.
Optical constants of organic insulators in the UV range extracted from reflection electron energy loss spectra
Authors: Yuryevna Ridzel Olga , Kalbe Henryk , Astašauskas Vytautas , Kuksa Pavel , Bellissimo Alessandra , Werner Wolfgang S. M.
Published: January 2022

Reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) spectra were measured for seven insulating organic compounds (DNA, Irganox 1010, Kapton, polyethylene [PE], poly(methyl methacrylate) [PMMA], polystyrene [PS] and polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE]). Optical constants and energy band gaps were extracted from the measured REELS spectra after elimination of multiple electron scattering via a deconvolution and fitting the normalised single scattering energy loss spectra to Drude and Drude–Lindhard model dielectric functions, constrained by the Kramers–Kronig sum and f‐sum rules. Satisfactory agreement is found for those optical constants for which literature data exists. For PTFE, the observed features in the optical data correspond to its electronic structure.
Bayesian hierarchical finite mixture of regression for histopathological imaging‐based cancer data analysis
Authors: Im Yunju , Huang Yuan , Huang Jian , Ma Shuangge
Published: January 2022

Cancer is heterogeneous, and for seemingly similar cancer patients, the associations between an outcome/phenotype and covariates can be different. To describe such differences, finite mixture of regression (FMR) and other modeling techniques have been developed. “Classic” FMR analysis has usually been based on clinical, demographic, and molecular variables. More recently, histopathological imaging data—which is a byproduct of biopsy and enjoys broader data availability and higher cost‐effectiveness—has been increasingly used in cancer modeling, although it is noted that its application to cancer FMR analysis still remains limited. In this article, we further advance cancer FMR analysis based on histopathological imaging data. Significantly advancing from the existing analyses under heterogeneity and homogeneity, our goal is to simultaneously use two types of histopathological imaging features, which are extracted based on domain‐specific biomedical knowledge and using automated signal processing software, respectively. A significant modeling/methodological advancement is that, to reflect the “increased resolution” of the second type of imaging features over the first type, we impose a hierarchy in the mixture structures. An effective and flexible Bayesian approach is proposed. Simulation shows its competitiveness over several alternatives. The TCGA lung cancer data is analyzed, and interesting heterogeneous structures different from using the alternatives are found. Overall, this study provides a new venue for FMR analysis for cancer and other complex diseases.
Equity‐weighted bootstrapping: Examples and analysis
Authors: Bhat Harish S. , Reeves Majerle E. , Goldman‐Mellor Sidra
Published: January 2022

When faced with severely imbalanced binary classification problems, we often train models on bootstrapped data in which the number of instances of each class occur in a more favorable ratio, often equal to one. We view algorithmic inequity through the lens of imbalanced classification: In order to balance the performance of a classifier across groups, we can bootstrap to achieve training sets that are balanced with respect to both labels and group identity. For an example problem with severe class imbalance—prediction of suicide death from administrative patient records—we illustrate how an equity‐directed bootstrap can bring test set sensitivities and specificities much closer to satisfying the equal odds criterion. In the context of naïve Bayes and logistic regression, we analyse the equity‐weighted bootstrap, demonstrating that it works by bringing odds ratios close to one, and linking it to methods involving intercept adjustment, thresholding, and weighting.
Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Therapies in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Deroissart Justine , Porsch Florentina , Koller Thomas , Binder Christoph J.
Published: January 2022

Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor in atherosclerosis development and lipid-lowering drugs (i.e., statins) remain the treatment of choice. Despite effective reduction of LDL cholesterol in patients, a residual cardiovascular risk persists in some individuals, highlighting the need for further therapeutic intervention. Recently, the CANTOS trial paved the way toward the development of specific therapies targeting inflammation, a key feature in atherosclerosis progression. The pre-existence of multiple drugs modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses has significantly accelerated the number of translational studies applying these drugs to atherosclerosis. Additional preclinical research has led to the discovery of new therapeutic targets, offering promising perspectives for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis. Currently, both drugs with selective targeting and broad unspecific anti-inflammatory effects have been tested. In this chapter, we aim to give an overview of current advances in immunomodulatory treatment approaches for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
Lipidomics in Biomarker Research
Authors: Hornemann Thorsten
Published: January 2022

Lipids are natural substances found in all living organisms and involved in many biological functions. Imbalances in the lipid metabolism are linked to various diseases such as obesity, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease. Lipids comprise thousands of chemically distinct species making them a challenge to analyze because of their great structural diversity.

Thanks to the technological improvements in the fields of chromatography, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics over the last years, it is now possible to perform global lipidomics analyses, allowing the concomitant detection, identification, and relative quantification of hundreds of lipid species. This review shall provide an insight into a general lipidomics workflow and its application in metabolic biomarker research.
Large N external-field quantum electrodynamics
Authors: Karbstein Felix
Published: January 2022

Abstract

We advocate the study of external-field quantum electrodynamics with N charged particle flavors. Our main focus is on the Heisenberg-Euler effective action for this theory in the large N limit which receives contributions from all loop orders. The contributions beyond one loop stem from one-particle reducible diagrams. We show that specifically in constant electromagnetic fields the latter are generated by the one-loop Heisenberg-Euler effective Lagrangian. Hence, in this case the large N Heisenberg-Euler effective action can be determined explicitly at any desired loop order. We demonstrate that further analytical insights are possible for electric-and magnetic-like field configurations characterized by the vanishing of one of the secular invariants of the electromagnetic field and work out the all-orders strong field limit of the theory.
Spin(7) orientifolds and 2d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = (0, 1) triality
Authors: Franco Sebastián , Mininno Alessandro , Uranga Ángel M. , Yu Xingyang
Published: January 2022

Abstract

We present a new, geometric perspective on the recently proposed triality of 2d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 1) gauge theories, based on its engineering in terms of D1-branes probing Spin(7) orientifolds. In this context, triality translates into the fact that multiple gauge theories correspond to the same underlying orientifold. We show how Spin(7) orientifolds based on a particular involution, which we call the universal involution, give rise to precisely the original version of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 1) triality. Interestingly, our work also shows that the space of possibilities is significantly richer. Indeed, general Spin(7) orientifolds extend triality to theories that can be regarded as consisting of coupled $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 2) and (0, 1) sectors. The geometric construction of 2d gauge theories in terms of D1-branes at singularities therefore leads to extensions of triality that interpolate between the pure $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 2) and (0, 1) cases.
Kibble mechanism for electroweak magnetic monopoles and magnetic fields
Authors: Patel Teerthal , Vachaspati Tanmay
Published: January 2022

Abstract

The vacuum manifold of the standard electroweak model is a three-sphere when one considers homogeneous Higgs field configurations. For inhomogeneous configurations we argue that the vacuum manifold is the Hopf fibered three sphere and that this viewpoint leads to general criteria to detect electroweak monopoles and Z-strings. We extend the Kibble mechanism to study the formation of electroweak monopoles and strings during electroweak symmetry breaking. The distribution of magnetic monopoles produces magnetic fields that have a spectrum Bλ ∝ λ−2, where λ is a smearing length scale. Even as the magnetic monopoles annihilate due to the confining Z-strings, the magnetic field evolves with the turbulent plasma and may be relevant for cosmological observations.
Moderately suppressed dimension-five proton decay in a flipped SU(5) model
Authors: Haba Naoyuki , Yamada Toshifumi
Published: January 2022

Abstract

We study colored Higgsino-mediated proton decay (dimension-five proton decay) in a model based on the flipped SU(5) GUT. In the model, the GUT-breaking 10, $$ \overline{\mathbf{10}} $$

10
¯

fields have a GUT-scale mass term and gain VEVs through higher-dimensional operators, which induces an effective mass term between the color triplets in the 5, $$ \overline{\mathbf{5}} $$

5
¯

Higgs fields that is not much smaller than the GUT scale. This model structure gives rise to observable dimension-five proton decay, and at the same time achieves moderate suppression on dimension-five proton decay that softens the tension with the current bound on Γ(p → K+$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

). We investigate the flavor dependence of the Wilson coefficients of the operators relevant to dimension-five proton decay, by relating them with diagonalized Yukawa couplings and CKM matrix components in MSSM, utilizing the fact that the GUT Yukawa couplings are in one-to-one correspondence with the MSSM Yukawa couplings in flipped models. Then we numerically evaluate the Wilson coefficients, and predict the distributions of the ratios of the partial widths of various proton decay modes.
Prime Time for Artificial Intelligence in Interventional Radiology
Authors: Seah Jarrel , Boeken Tom , Sapoval Marc , Goh Gerard S.
Published: January 2022

Machine learning techniques, also known as artificial intelligence (AI), is about to dramatically change workflow and diagnostic capabilities in diagnostic radiology. The interest in AI in Interventional Radiology is rapidly gathering pace. With this early interest in AI in procedural medicine, IR could lead the way to AI research and clinical applications for all interventional medical fields. This review will address an overview of machine learning, radiomics and AI in the field of interventional radiology, enumerating the possible applications of such techniques, while also describing techniques to overcome the challenge of limited data when applying these techniques in interventional radiology. Lastly, this review will address common errors in research in this field and suggest pathways for those interested in learning and becoming involved about AI.
Cell-of-origin classification using the Hans and Lymph2Cx algorithms in primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Schrader Anne M. R. , de Groen Ruben A. L. , Willemze Rein , Jansen Patty M. , Quint Koen D. , van Wezel Tom , van Eijk Ronald , Ruano Dina , Tensen Cornelis P. , Hauben Esther , Woei-A-Jin F. J. S. H. , Busschots Anne M. , van den Berg Anke , Diepstra Arjan , Vermeer Maarten H. , Vermaat Joost S. P.
Published: January 2022

Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (PCDLBCL-LT) and primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma with a diffuse population of large cells (PCFCL-LC) are both primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas with large-cell morphology (CLBCL) but with different clinical characteristics and behavior. In systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (DLBCL-NOS), gene-expression profiling (GEP) revealed two molecular subgroups based on their cell-of-origin (COO) with prognostic significance: the germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) subtype and the activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtype. This study investigated whether COO classification is a useful tool for classification of CLBCL. For this retrospective study, 51 patients with PCDLBCL-LT and 15 patients with PCFCL-LC were analyzed for their COO according to the immunohistochemistry-based Hans algorithm and the NanoString GEP-based Lymph2Cx algorithm. In PCFCL-LC, all cases (100%) classified as GCB by both Hans and Lymph2Cx. In contrast, COO classification in PCDLBCL-LT was heterogeneous. Using Hans, 75% of the PCDLBCL-LT patients classified as non-GCB and 25% as GCB, while Lymph2Cx classified only 18% as ABC, 43% as unclassified/intermediate, and 39% as GCB. These COO subgroups did not differ in the expression of BCL2 and IgM, mutations in MYD88 and/or CD79B, loss of CDKN2A, or survival. In conclusion, PCFCL-LC uniformly classified as GCB, while PCDLBCL-LT classified along the COO spectrum of DLBCL-NOS using the Hans and Lymph2Cx algorithms. In contrast to DLBCL-NOS, the clinical relevance of COO classification in CLBCL using these algorithms has limitations and cannot be used as an alternative for the current multiparameter approach in differentiation of PCDLBCL-LT and PCFCL-LC.
Characterization of orexin input to dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area projecting to the medial prefrontal cortex and shell of nucleus accumbens
Authors: Kalló Imre , Omrani Azar , Meye Frank J. , de Jong Han , Liposits Zsolt , Adan Roger A. H.
Published: January 2022

Orexin neurons are involved in homeostatic regulatory processes, including arousal and feeding, and provide a major input from the hypothalamus to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain. VTA neurons are a central hub processing reward and motivation and target the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the shell part of nucleus accumbens (NAcs). We investigated whether subpopulations of dopamine (DA) neurons in the VTA projecting either to the mPFC or the medial division of shell part of nucleus accumbens (mNAcs) receive differential input from orexin neurons and whether orexin exerts differential electrophysiological effects upon these cells. VTA neurons projecting to the mPFC or the mNAcs were traced retrogradely by Cav2-Cre virus and identified by expression of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). Immunocytochemical analysis showed that a higher proportion of all orexin-innervated DA neurons projected to the mNAcs (34.5%) than to the mPFC (5.2%). Of all sampled VTA neurons projecting either to the mPFC or mNAcs, the dopaminergic (68.3 vs. 79.6%) and orexin-innervated DA neurons (68.9 vs. 64.4%) represented the major phenotype. Whole-cell current clamp recordings were obtained from fluorescently labeled neurons in slices during baseline periods and bath application of orexin A. Orexin similarly increased the firing rate of VTA dopamine neurons projecting to mNAcs (1.99 ± 0.61 Hz to 2.53 ± 0.72 Hz) and mPFC (0.40 ± 0.22 Hz to 1.45 ± 0.56 Hz). Thus, the hypothalamic orexin system targets mNAcs and to a lesser extent mPFC-projecting dopaminergic neurons of the VTA and exerts facilitatory effects on both clusters of dopamine neurons.
A retrospective analysis of the definitive management of open talus fractures at a major trauma centre, comparing ORIF to FUSION: cohort study and audit of BOAST 4 guidelines
Authors: Zhou Andrew Kailin , Jou Eric , Patel Reece , Bhatti Faheem , Modi Nishil , Lu Victor , Zhang James , Krkovic Matija
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Open talus fractures are notoriously difficult to manage, and they are commonly associated with a high level of complications including non-union, avascular necrosis and infection. Currently, the management of such injuries is based upon BOAST 4 guidelines although there is no suggested definitive management, and thus, definitive management is based upon surgeon preference. The key principles of open talus fracture management which do not vary between surgeons are early debridement, orthoplastic wound care, anatomic reduction and definitive fixation whenever possible. However, there is much debate over whether the talus should be preserved or removed after open talus fracture/dislocation and proceeded to tibiocalcaneal fusion.

Methods

A review of electronic hospital records for open talus fractures from 2014 to 2021 returned fourteen patients with fifteen open talus fractures. Seven cases were initially managed with ORIF, and five cases were definitively managed with FUSION, while the others were managed with alternative methods. We collected patient’s age, gender, surgical complications, surgical risk factors and post-treatment functional ability and pain and compliance with BOAST guidelines. The average follow-up of the cohort was 4 years and one month. EQ-5D-5L and FAAM-ADL/Sports score was used as a patient reported outcome measure. Data were analysed using the software PRISM.

Results

Comparison between FUSION and ORIF groups showed no statistically significant difference in EQ-5D-5L score (P = 0.13), FAAM-ADL (P = 0.20), FAAM-Sport (P = 0.34), infection rate (P = 0.55), surgical times (P = 0.91) and time to weight bearing (P = 0.39), despite a higher proportion of polytrauma and Hawkins III and IV fractures in the FUSION group.

Conclusion

FUSION is typically used as second line to ORIF or failed ORIF. However, there is a lack of studies that directly compared outcome in open talus fracture patients definitively managed with FUSION or ORIF. Our results demonstrate for the first time that FUSION may not be inferior to ORIF in terms of patient functional outcome, infection rate and quality of life, in the management of patients with open talus fracture patients. Of note, as open talus fractures have increased risks of complications such as osteonecrosis and non-union, FUSION should be considered as a viable option to mitigate these potential complications in these patients.
Effect of nanocellulose polymorphism on electrochemical analytical performance in hybrid nanocomposites with non-oxidized single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Dortez Silvia , Sierra Tania , Álvarez-Sánchez Miguel Á. , González-Domínguez José M. , Benito Ana M. , Maser Wolfgang K. , Crevillen Agustín G. , Escarpa Alberto
Published: January 2022

Two cellulose nanocrystals/single-walled carbon nanotube (CNC/SW) hybrids, using two cellulose polymorphs, were evaluated as electrochemical transducers: CNC type I (CNC-I/SW) and CNC type II (CNC-II/SW). They were synthesized and fully characterized, and their analytical performance as electrochemical sensors was carefully studied. In comparison with SWCNT-based and screen-printed carbon electrodes, CNC/SW sensors showed superior electroanalytical performance in terms of sensitivity and selectivity, not only in the detection of small metabolites (uric acid, dopamine, and tyrosine) but also in the detection of complex glycoproteins (alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP)). More importantly, CNC-II/SW exhibited 20 times higher sensitivity than CNC-I/SW for AGP determination, yielding a LOD of 7 mg L−1.These results demonstrate the critical role played by nanocellulose polymorphism in the electrochemical performance of CNC/SW hybrid materials, opening new directions in the electrochemical sensing of these complex molecules. In general, these high-active-surface hybrids smartly exploited the preserved non-oxidized SW conductivity with the high aqueous dispersibility of the CNC, avoiding the use of organic solvents or the incorporation of toxic surfactants during their processing, making the CNC/SW hybrids promising nanomaterials for electrochemical detection following greener approaches.

Graphical abstract
Invasive Diagnostik und resektive Chirurgie bei Frontallappenepilepsie
Authors: Delev Daniel , Clusmann Hans
Published: January 2022

Frontallappenepilepsie stellt das häufigste extratemporale Epilepsiesyndrom dar und somit auch die zweithäufigste fokale Epilepsieform nach der Temporallappenepilepsie. Die nicht immer lokalisierenden elektrophysiologischen Befunde, welche schnell über die Insel oder den Balken geleitet werden können, sowie das häufige Fehlen einer sichtbaren epileptogenen Läsion machen die Anwendung invasiver Abklärung mittels Tiefen- und/oder subduralen Elektroden in vielen Fällen unabdingbar. Das Spektrum der chirurgischen Resektionen im Bereich des Frontallappens reicht von einfachen fokalen erweiterten Läsionektomien über Frontallappendiskonnektionen bis hin zur frontalen Lobektomie. Entsprechend variiert auch das postoperative epileptologische Outcome mit Anfallsfreiheitsraten zwischen 20 % und 70 %. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über die Möglichkeiten der invasiven Abklärung und der operativen Strategien bei Frontallappenepilepsie. Zusätzlich werden die postoperativen Ergebnisse und zugrunde liegende Einflussfaktoren zusammengefasst. Insgesamt bleibt die Frontallappenepilepsie eine epilepsiechirurgische Herausforderung und somit auch die Hoffnung, dass zukünftige Fortschritte im Bereich der Bildgebung oder Neuromodulation zu einer Verbesserung der postoperativen Ergebnisse beitragen können.
Family Context and ADHD Symptoms in Middle Childhood: an Explanatory Model
Authors: Barreto-Zarza Florencia , Sánchez de Miguel Manuel , Arranz-Freijo Enrique B. , Acha Joana , González Llúcia , Rebagliato Marisa , Ibarluzea Jesús
Published: January 2022

Recent research suggests that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may be influenced by interactions between the individual and their social context. This study examined the predictive value of family context variables and attentional control levels on child ADHD symptoms. A new explanatory model of the relationship amongst these variables was also tested. A sample of 754 families with children aged 7 to 11 was assessed through the Conners Parent Rating Scale, the Haezi-Etxadi Family Assessment Scale, and the Attention Network Test. Path analysis models showed a predictive association between children ADHD symptoms and Social Support Network, Parental Stress, Parental Self-efficacy, Attentional Control and being male. Furthermore, a stronger Social Support Network was associated with greater Parental Self-efficacy, a variable that predicted Parental Stress levels and children ADHD symptoms. In conclusion, a new multi-influence model of variables linked to ADHD symptomatology during mid-childhood is provided, which may be useful to support the design of family interventions.
Deep Learning Based Customer Preferences Analysis in Industry 4.0 Environment
Authors: Sun Qindong , Feng Xingyu , Zhao Shanshan , Cao Han , Li Shancang , Yao Yufeng
Published: January 2022

Customer preferences analysis and modelling using deep learning in edge computing environment are critical to enhance customer relationship management that focus on a dynamically changing market place. Existing forecasting methods work well with often seen and linear demand patterns but become less accurate with intermittent demands in the catering industry. In this paper, we introduce a throughput deep learning model for both short-term and long-term demands forecasting aimed at allowing catering businesses to be highly efficient and avoid wastage. Moreover, detailed data collected from a business online booking system in the past three years have been used to train and verify the proposed model. Meanwhile, we carefully analyzed the seasonal conditions as well as past local or national events (event analysis) that could have had critical impact on the sales. The results are compared with the best performing forecast methods Xgboost and autoregressive moving average model (ARMA), and they suggest that the proposed method significantly improves demand forecasting accuracy (up to 80%) for dishes demand along with reduction in associated costs and labor allocation.
The Macroeconomic Controversy Over Price Rigidity — How to Resolve it and How Bayesian Estimation has Led us Astray
Authors: Meenagh David , Minford Patrick , Wickens Michael R.
Published: January 2022

Price rigidity plays a central role in macroeconomic models but remains controversial. Those espousing it look to Bayesian estimated models in support, while those assuming price flexibility largely impose it on their models. So controversy continues unresolved by testing on the data. In a Monte Carlo experiment we ask how different estimation methods could help to resolve this controversy. We find Bayesian estimation creates a large potential estimation bias compared with standard estimation techniques. Indirect estimation where the bias is found to be low appears to do best, and offers the best way forward for settling the price rigidity controversy.
Residual Stresses from Incremental Hole Drilling Using Directly Deposited Thin Film Strain Gauges
Authors: Heikebrügge S. , Ottermann R. , Breidenstein B. , Wurz M.C. , Dencker F.
Published: January 2022

Background

Commonly, polymer foil-based strain gauges are used for the incremental hole drilling method to obtain residual stress depth profiles. These polymer foil-based strain gauges are prone to errors due to application by glue. For example zero depth setting is thus often erroneous due to necessary removal of polymer foil and glue. This is resulting in wrong use of the calibration coefficients and depth resolution and thus leading to wrong calculations of the obtained residual stress depth profiles. Additionally common polymer foil-based sensors are limited in their application regarding e.g. exposure to high temperatures.

Objective

This paper aims at a first step into the qualification of directly deposited thin film strain gauges for use with the incremental hole drilling method. With the directly deposited sensors, uncertainties regarding the determination of calibration coefficients and zero depth setting due to the absence of glue can be reduced to a minimum. Additionally, new areas of interest such as the investigation of thermally sprayed metallic layers can be addressed by the sensors due to their higher temperature resilience and their component inherent minimal thickness.

Methods

For the first time, different layouts of directly deposited thin film strain gauges for residual stress measurements were manufactured on a stainless steel specimen. Strain measurements during incremental hole drilling using a bespoke hole drilling device were conducted. Residual stress depth profiles were calculated using the Integral method of the ASTM E837 standard. Afterwards, strain measurements with conventional polymer foil-based strain gauges during incremental hole drilling were conducted and residual stress depth profiles were calculated accordingly. Finally the obtained profiles were compared regarding characteristic values.

Results

The residual stress depth profiles obtained from directly deposited strain gauges generally match the ones obtained from conventional polymer foil based strain gauges. With the novel strain gauges, zero depth setting is simplified due to the absence of glue and polymer foil. With the direct deposition, a wide variety of rosette designs is possible, enabling a more detailed evaluation of the strain field around the drilled hole.

Conclusions

The comparative analysis of the obtained residual stress depth profiles shows the general feasibility of directly deposited strain gauges for residual stress measurements. Detailed investigations on uncertainty sources are still necessary.
Outcome of Sleeve Gastrectomy Converted to Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass
Authors: Felsenreich D. M. , Steinlechner K. , Langer F. B. , Vock N. , Eichelter J. , Bichler C. , Jedamzik J. , Mairinger M. , Kristo I. , Prager G.
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is the commonest bariatric procedure worldwide but there is also a high conversion rate mainly due to weight regain and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) reported in studies with long-term follow-up. The aim of this study is to highlight benefits and limitations of converting SG patients to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB).

Setting

Retrospective cross-sectional-study, medical university clinic setting.

Methods

This study includes all patients converted from primary SG to RYGB or OAGB by 12/2018 at the Medical University of Vienna. Patients were examined using gastroscopy, esophageal manometry, 24-h pH-metry, and questionnaires.

Results

Fifty-eight patients were converted from SG to RYGB (n = 45) or OAGB (n = 13). Total weight loss of patients converted to RYGB and OAGB was 41.5% and 44.8%, respectively, at nadir. Six patients had Barrett’s esophagus (BE) after SG. In four out of these six patients, a complete remission of BE after conversion to RYGB was observed; nevertheless, two patients after RYGB and one after OABG newly developed BE. Clinical GERD improved at a higher rate after RYGB than after OAGB. Both revisional procedures improved associated medical problems.

Conclusion

Conversion to RYGB is probably the best option for patients with GERD after SG. OAGB has shown a low potential to cure patients from GERD symptoms after SG. In terms of additional weight loss and remission of associated medical problems, both procedures studied were equal. Surveillance gastroscopies every 5 years after SG revisions are recommended.

Graphical abstract
Alternative Wahrnehmungen der Welt gelten lassen?
Authors: Kuhn Melanie , Landhäußer Sandra
Published: January 2022

Rassismus kommt als Lerninhalt in den Lehrplänen für die Ausbildung von Erzieher_innen kaum vor. Eine sensible und nicht moralisierende Thematisierung von Rassismus im Unterricht ist so wichtig wie herausfordernd. Die Vermittlung von rassismuskritischem Wissen zum einen und die Selbstpositionierungen der Lehrkräfte zum anderen können dazu beitragen, dass Rassismus nicht unbeabsichtigt bagatellisiert und relativiert wird.
Hybrid laser-arc welding of laser- and plasma-cut 20-mm-thick structural steels
Authors: Üstündağ Ömer , Bakir Nasim , Gook Sergej , Gumenyuk Andrey , Rethmeier Michael
Published: January 2022

It is already known that the laser beam welding (LBW) or hybrid laser-arc welding (HLAW) processes are sensitive to manufacturing tolerances such as gaps and misalignment of the edges, especially at welding of thick-walled steels due to its narrow beam diameter. Therefore, the joining parts preferably have to be milled. The study deals with the influence of the edge quality, the gap and the misalignment of edges on the weld seam quality of hybrid laser-arc welded 20-mm-thick structural steel plates which were prepared by laser and plasma cutting. Single-pass welds were conducted in butt joint configuration. An AC magnet was used as a contactless backing. It was positioned under the workpiece during the welding process to prevent sagging. The profile of the edges and the gap between the workpieces were measured before welding by a profile scanner or a digital camera, respectively. With a laser beam power of just 13.7 kW, the single-pass welds could be performed. A gap bridgeability up to 1 mm at laser-cut and 2 mm at plasma-cut samples could be reached respectively. Furthermore, a misalignment of the edges up to 2 mm could be welded in a single pass. The new findings may eliminate the need for cost and time-consuming preparation of the edges.
A Systematic Review of Dog-Assisted Therapy in Children with Behavioural and Developmental Disorders
Authors: Hüsgen Candela J. , Peters-Scheffer Nienke C. , Didden Robert
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Animal-assisted therapy with dogs is regularly used in children with behavioural and developmental disorders. Aims of this systematic review were threefold: to analyse the methodological quality of studies on dog-assisted therapy (DAT) for children with behavioural and developmental disorders, to determine to which extent the studies on DAT adhere to the quality criteria developed by the International Association of Human Animal Interaction Organisation (IAHAIO) and to describe the characteristics of the participants, the intervention and the outcomes.

Method

Three databases (i.e. PsycInfo, MedLine and Eric) were searched, and 14 studies on DAT were included. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist (JBIC) and the quality criteria developed by the IAHAIO were used during data extraction. Characteristics of the participants, the intervention, the therapy dogs and the outcomes of the studies were summarised.

Results

Six of the 14 included studies reported significant outcomes of DAT, whereof six in the social domain and two in the psychological domain. However, scores on the JBIC indicated low to moderate methodological quality and only three of the included studies adhered to the IAHAIO quality criteria.

Conclusions

DAT is a promising intervention for children with behavioural and developmental disorders, especially for children with autism spectrum disorder. A clear description of the therapy’s components, the role of the therapy dog and analysis of the treatment integrity and procedural fidelity would improve the methodological quality of the studies and the field of dog-assisted interventions.
Pyramid Bayesian Method for Model Uncertainty Evaluation of Semantic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving
Authors: Zhao Yang , Tian Wei , Cheng Hong
Published: January 2022

With the fast-developing deep learning models in the field of autonomous driving, the research on the uncertainty estimation of deep learning models has also prevailed. Herein, a pyramid Bayesian deep learning method is proposed for the model uncertainty evaluation of semantic segmentation. Semantic segmentation is one of the most important perception problems in understanding visual scene, which is critical for autonomous driving. This study to optimize Bayesian SegNet for uncertainty evaluation. This paper first simplifies the network structure of Bayesian SegNet by reducing the number of MC-Dropout layer and then introduces the pyramid pooling module to improve the performance of Bayesian SegNet. mIoU and mPAvPU are used as evaluation matrics to test the proposed method on the public Cityscapes dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed method improves the sampling effect of the Bayesian SegNet, shortens the sampling time, and improves the network performance.
Experimental study on flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with passive and active CFRP strips using a novel anchorage system
Authors: Piątek Bartosz , Siwowski Tomasz
Published: January 2022

The paper presents the research on reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips with various configurations in terms of anchoring and tensioning. The five full-scale RC beams with the total length of 6.0 m were strengthened with passive strips, without and with mechanical anchorages at their ends, as well as with strips tensioned by the novel prestressing system with three various prestressing levels ranging from 30 to 50% of the CFRP tensile strength. All RC beams were tested under static flexural load up to failure and they were investigated in a full range of flexural behaviour, including the post-debonding phase. The main parameters considered in this study include the use of mechanical anchorages, the effect of tensioning the strips and the influence of the various prestressing levels. Several performance indicators have been established to evaluate the beams’ behaviour. The study revealed that the RC beams strengthened using tensioned CFRP strips exhibited a higher cracking, yielding and ultimate moments as compared to the beams with passively bonded CFRP strips. Moreover, increasing the beams’ prestressing level has a significant positive influence on the performance of strengthened beams. However, it did not affect the ultimate load-bearing capacity of the beams. The optimal prestressing level for the novel system has been determined as 60% of CFRP tensile strength.
Public Justification Versus Public Deliberation: The Case for Reconciliation
Authors: Kugelberg Henrik D.
Published: January 2022

Kevin Vallier has recently argued that the ideals of public justification and public deliberation should be separated. The link between the two, Vallier suggests, has been assumed without being properly defended. Once examined, the connection falls apart. In this paper, I argue that there is, in fact, a clear and convincing story available for why the two ideals should be treated as mutually reinforcing. Drawing on recent empirical evidence, I argue that the deliberative behaviour of citizens can have a clear and positive impact on the behaviour and policy choices of public officials.
The Capital Structure Puzzle: What Are We Missing?
Authors: DeAngelo Harry
Published: January 2022

An important piece of the capital structure puzzle has been missing, and it is not a contracting friction. It is recognition that managers do not have sufficient knowledge to optimize capital structure with any real precision. The literature critique in this paper i) identifies the conceptual sources of the main empirical failures of the leading models of capital structure and ii) shows how those failures can be repaired by taking into account imperfect managerial knowledge and several other factors. The analysis yields a compact set of principles for thinking about capital structure in an empirically supported way.
The formation of a Kinh traditional village in Huế in early modern Vietnam
Authors: Ueda Shin'ya
Published: January 2022

This article traces the transformation of Huế from an open migrant society to a closed community from the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries through an examination of the village documents of Thanh Phước in Thừa Thiên Huế province. In Thanh Phước, the expansion of cultivated land reached its limits around the end of the seventeenth century. Subsequently, continuous population pressure resulted in the emergence of social groups with closed and fixed membership called làng and dòng họ after the eighteenth century. A significant feature of this social development was that the patrilineal kinship favoured by Confucianism was used to protect the vested interests of the earliest inhabitants of the village and their descendants. This indicates that the penetration of Confucianism among the common people and the development and stagnation of agriculture in early modern Vietnam were mutual, complementary phenomena.
The Stabilizing Effects of Publishing Strategic Central Bank Projections
Authors: Ahrens Steffen , Lustenhouwer Joep , Tettamanzi Michele
Published: January 2022

Expectations are among the main driving forces for economic dynamics. Therefore, managing expectations has become a primary objective for monetary policy seeking to stabilize the business cycle. In this paper, we study whether central banks can manage private-sector expectations by means of publishing one-period ahead inflation projections in a New Keynesian learning-to-forecast experiment. Subjects in the experiment observe these projections along with the historic development of the economy and subsequently submit their own one-period ahead inflation forecasts. In this context, we find that the central bank can significantly manage private-sector expectations and that this management strongly supports monetary policy in stabilizing the economy. Moreover, published central bank inflation projections drastically reduce the probability of a deflationary spiral after strong negative shocks to the economy.
Synergistic activity of combined inhibition of anti-apoptotic molecules in B-cell precursor ALL
Authors: Seyfried Felix , Stirnweiß Felix Uli , Niedermayer Alexandra , Enzenmüller Stefanie , Hörl Rebecca Louise , Münch Vera , Köhrer Stefan , Debatin Klaus-Michael , Meyer Lüder Hinrich
Published: January 2022

Targeting BCL-2, a key regulator of survival in B-cell malignancies including precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, has become a promising treatment strategy. However, given the redundancy of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins (BCL-2, BCL-XL, MCL-1), single targeting may not be sufficient. When analyzing the effects of BH3-mimetics selectively targeting BCL-XL and MCL-1 alone or in combination with the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax, heterogeneous sensitivity to either of these inhibitors was found in ALL cell lines and in patient-derived xenografts. Interestingly, some venetoclax-resistant leukemias were sensitive to the MCL-1-selective antagonist S63845 and/or BCL-XL-selective A-1331852 suggesting functional mutual substitution. Consequently, co-inhibition of BCL-2 and MCL-1 or BCL-XL resulted in synergistic apoptosis induction. Functional analysis by BH3-profiling and analysis of protein complexes revealed that venetoclax-treated ALL cells are dependent on MCL-1 and BCL-XL, indicating that MCL-1 or BCL-XL provide an Achilles heel in BCL-2-inhibited cells. The effect of combining BCL-2 and MCL-1 inhibition by venetoclax and S63845 was evaluated in vivo and strongly enhanced anti-leukemia activity was found in a pre-clinical patient-derived xenograft model. Our study offers in-depth molecular analysis of mutual substitution of BCL-2 family proteins in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and provides targets for combination treatment in vivo and in ongoing clinical studies.