bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Competition and management of wood-cement compositions among light concretes in the market of construction materials
Authors: Dolmatov S N , Nikonchuk A V , Gorbunova S V
Published: May 2020

The paper describes the stages and motivation of a reasonable choice when purchasing construction materials for low-rise housing in B2C and B2B segments. Due to the optimal combination of indicators of strength, thermal conductivity, low cost in the market of construction materials for low-rise housing, light concretes took a stable position as a thermal insulation construction material. Light concretes are divided into aerated concretes and foam concretes, as well as concretes based on wood-cement compositions. The volumes of aerated and foam concrete production and consumption are hundreds times as high as the production of wood-cement compositions. The negative attitude of the consumers to the processed products and the high price of such materials are deterrence to the wide distribution of wood-cement compositions in low-rise housing. The policy of integrated use of renewable wood resources can be the basis for increasing the production and consumption of wood-cement compositions.
Fruiting indicators of the apple tree growing in the creeping form in the Botanical garden named after Vs. M. Krutovsky
Authors: Moksina N V , Gerasimova O A , Gorbunova S V
Published: May 2020

Study of the fruiting indicators of the apple tree growing in the creeping form in the Botanical garden named after Vs. M. Krutovsky resulted in the distinguishing of the cultivars characterized by the high annual yield, apples mass and sizes. The distinguished cultivars can be recommended for growing in the given and similar climate conditions.
Formation of project environmental thinking in the training of engineers
Authors: Lepeshev A A , Loginov Y Y , Kuimov V V , Tolstoy D A , Kozlov A V , Pogrebnaya T V , Sidorkina O V
Published: May 2020

At transition of civilization to the sixth technological way and the Industry 4.0 the speed of new technologies emergence, which influence on the environment can be different from former, increases. The created means of environmental protection can be insufficiently effective for new technologies. In these conditions the formation of project environmental thinking is important when training engineers to fully consider ecological requirements directly during the development of new technologies. In this work the possibilities of the theory of inventive problem solving (TIPS) use as effective means of modern engineering thinking for project ecological thinking formation are considered. The theoretical analysis and systemic synthesis of the TIPS methods and the didactic system of innovative education "TIPS pedagogics" are applied. The possibilities of TIPS in innovative thinking formation and its highest form, such as sustainable thinking, including ecological project thinking, modern ecological outlook and noosphere thinking, starting since school level, are shown. The possibility of a collaborative activity in interactive training, using the method of innovative projects, allows to find new problems solutions, including in ecological education.
Impact of brush fire and pinetum horizontal structure on the tree condition
Authors: Vais A A , Shevelev S L , Nemich V N
Published: May 2020

The research focuses on pinetum in the South of Central Siberia. Studying was performed in the territory of low-mountain suburban forests. Sample plots were set up in the sites where wood fires of different strength happened; the pinetum plantations withstanding to burning were in the observational focus. It was found that post-fire condition of trees depends on the tree size and plant population. The fire damage to trees (scorch height) depends on a tree size and the distance from the nearest exemplar.
Magnetoelectric effect in bismuth - neodymium ferrite - garnet films
Authors: Masyugin A N , Aplesnin S S , Loginov Y Y , Bandurina O N
Published: May 2020

The prehistory of the dielectric properties of bismuth – neodymium ferrite – garnet films on a Gd3Ga5O12 (111) substrate cooled in an electric and magnetic field were established. The dynamic characteristics of the electric polarization are studied at large times when the electric field is turned on and off. The influence of a magnetic field on the residual polarization was found. The dependence of the electric polarization on the electric field in a magnetic field is determined. Experimental data are explained in the Debye model.
Features of large-scale thin foils fabrication for transmission electron microscopy by focused ion beam
Authors: Volochaev M N , Shcheglova M S , Balashov Yu Yu , Loginov Yu Yu
Published: May 2020

Focused ion beam (FIB) sample preparation for transmission electron microscopy is a well established technique. However there are some problems related with high-quality large-scale (over 10 um) sample preparation of thin foils. In this work we demonstrate the successful preparation of such samples on example of ferrite steel sample and present the refined lift-out preparation technique, which was applied here. All sample preparation has been carried out in conventional single-beam FIB Hitachi FB-2100 with additional low-kV Ar+ ion polishing.
Hook’s law as Lie group
Authors: Senashov S I , Savostyanova I L
Published: May 2020

In this work classification of anisotropic linear elastic materials with residual deformations assuming that the material constants depend on the residual deformations is offered. Each generalised Hook’s law is assigned some Lie point group, and this group in its turn is assigned Lie algebra.
Large deflection of a cantilever beam under transverse loading. A modification of linear theory.
Authors: Zuev D M , Zakharov Yu V
Published: May 2020

The paper provides a modification method for a classical linear theory of strength of materials in case of a cantilever under transverse loading. The modification uses a condition of saving arc-length of a cantilever. A sagging deflection of the modified linear theory has accuracy comparable with exact solutions in elliptic integrals and functions. The modification expand loading interval of applicability of the linear theory significantly. A comparison with an exact solution was made. We also considered a cantilever under combined loading: concentrated transverse load and uniformly distributed load (an own weight of a cantilever). A comparison with experimental data confirms accuracy of the proposed modification method.
Mechanical behavior associated with metallurgical aspects of friction stir welded Al–Li alloy exposed to exfoliation corrosion test
Authors: Baiyao Hu , Hua Zhang , Fuad Khoshnaw
Published: May 2020

This research aims to investigate the effect of the exfoliation corrosion exposure time on the mechanical properties, the strength and elongation, of friction stir welded Al–Li alloy type 2195-T8. The exfoliation corrosion test was performed using the exfoliation corrosion (EXCO) solution, based on ASTM G34. The samples were exposed to different exposure times 24, 48, 96, 192 and 384 h. The results showed that both the strength and elongation of the welded specimens—exposed to the exfoliation corrosion tests—were reduced. For example, the samples that were exposed to 384 h, their initial tensile strength and elongation were reduced by 13% and 17% respectively. The degradation process due to the exfoliation corrosion on the tensile strength was divided into three stages: fast (0–96 h: 443.7 MPa-416.3 MPa, the degraded rate was 0.29 MPa/h), steady (96–192 h: 416.3 MPa-413.4 MPa, the degraded rate was 0.03 MPa h−1) and medium rate (192–384 h: 413.4 MPa-386.7 MPa, the degraded rate was 0.14 MPa h−1). For the elongation, in general, the reduction was similar to the style of strength, but with different rates. The TEM images showed that this degradation was due to the dissolution of T1 (Al2CuLi) and S′ (Al2CuMg) phase. Also, the corrosion products and their role of adherence on the surface of the tested specimens were investigated. An empirical equation p-t (mechanical properties-exposure time) was established to calculate the effect of exposure corrosion time on the performance of welded specimens.
Multi-shelled Ni6MnO8 hollow microspheres for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Cao Jun , Huang Cheng , Chen Zhangxian , Fan Xiaoming , Shi Kun , Yang Zeheng , Zhang Weixin
Published: May 2020

Binary transition metal oxides have attracted tremendous interest for their excellent redox activity and large natural abundance. They could achieve distinct electrochemical properties by engineering special hollow structures. In this work, we have synthesized triple-shelled Ni6MnO8 hollow microspheres constructed with nanosheets through step by step adsorption of the corresponding metal ions on carbon spheres followed by calcination in air. The as-prepared Ni6MnO8 hollow microspheres with nanosheet shells have an average diameter of ~900 nm, with a large surface area of 145.011 m2 g−1. They exhibit outstanding capacitive performance as electrode materials, including high specific capacitance (1380 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), distinguished rate capability (68% capacity retention at ultrahigh 100 A g−1) and stable cycling property (98% retention rate at 10 A g−1 after 5000 cycles), which are superior to those of the Ni6MnO8 hollow microspheres with nanoparticle shells. Furthermore, the assembled Ni6MnO8-NS//AC asymmetric supercapacitor demonstrates a high energy density (31.8 W h kg−1 at 750 W kg−1) with a high capacity retention of 93% even after 10,000 cycles. The distinguished performances can be attributed to the synergy of binary metals and the unique hollow structure with nanosheet shells.
Microring resonator-coupled photoluminescence from silicon W centers
Authors: Tait A N , Buckley S M , Chiles J , McCaughan A N , Olson S , Rao S Papa , Nam S W , Mirin R P , Shainline J M
Published: May 2020

Silicon defect centers are promising candidates for waveguide-integrated silicon light sources. We demonstrate microresonator- and waveguide-coupled photoluminescence from silicon W centers. Microphotoluminescence measurements indicate wavelengths on-resonance with resonator modes are preferentially coupled to an adjacent waveguide. Quality factors of at least 5,300 are measured, and free spectral ranges closely match expectation. The W center phonon sideband can be used as a spectral diagnostic for a broader range of waveguide-based devices on cryogenic silicon photonic platforms.
Deep learning approach for quantification of organelles and misfolded polypeptide delivery within degradative compartments
Authors: Morone Diego , Marazza Alessandro , Bergmann Timothy J. , Molinari Maurizio
Published: May 2020

LysoQuant is a deep learning approach to segmentation and classification of fluorescent images capturing cargo delivery within endolysosomes for clearance. It yields information on various parameters of the activity of lysosome-driven pathways such as ER-phagy.
Diversity of parental environments increases phenotypic variation inArabidopsispopulations more than genetic diversity but similarly affects productivity
Authors: Puy Javier , Carmona Carlos P , Dvořáková Hana , Latzel Vít , de Bello Francesco
Published: May 2020

Background and Aims

The observed positive diversity effect on ecosystem functioning has rarely been assessed in terms of intraspecific trait variability within populations. Intraspecific phenotypic variability could stem both from underlying genetic diversity and from plasticity in response to environmental cues. The latter might derive from modifications to a plant’s epigenome and potentially last multiple generations in response to previous environmental conditions. We experimentally disentangled the role of genetic diversity and diversity of parental environments on population productivity, resistance against environmental fluctuations and intraspecific phenotypic variation.

Methods

A glasshouse experiment was conducted in which different types of Arabidopsis thaliana populations were established: one population type with differing levels of genetic diversity and another type, genetically identical, but with varying diversity levels of the parental environments (parents grown in the same or different environments). The latter population type was further combined, or not, with experimental demethylation to reduce the potential epigenetic diversity produced by the diversity of parental environments. Furthermore, all populations were each grown under different environmental conditions (control, fertilization and waterlogging). Mortality, productivity and trait variability were measured in each population.

Key Results

Parental environments triggered phenotypic modifications in the offspring, which translated into more functionally diverse populations when offspring from parents grown under different conditions were brought together in mixtures. In general, neither the increase in genetic diversity nor the increase in diversity of parental environments had a remarkable effect on productivity or resistance to environmental fluctuations. However, when the epigenetic variation was reduced via demethylation, mixtures were less productive than monocultures (i.e. negative net diversity effect), caused by the reduction of phenotypic differences between different parental origins.

Conclusions

A diversity of environmental parental origins within a population could ameliorate the negative effect of competition between coexisting individuals by increasing intraspecific phenotypic variation. A diversity of parental environments could thus have comparable effects to genetic diversity. Disentangling the effect of genetic diversity and that of parental environments appears to be an important step in understanding the effect of intraspecific trait variability on coexistence and ecosystem functioning.
Leaf chemical defences and insect herbivory in oak: accounting for canopy position unravels marked genetic relatedness effects
Authors: Valdés-Correcher Elena , Bourdin Audrey , González-Martínez Santiago C , Moreira Xoaquín , Galmán Andrea , Castagneyrol Bastien , Hampe Arndt
Published: May 2020

Background and Aims

Highly controlled experiments document that plant genetic diversity and relatedness can shape herbivore communities and patterns of herbivory. Evidence from the field is, however, scarce and inconsistent. We assessed whether a genetic signal underlying herbivory can be detected in oak woodlands when accounting for variation at smaller (within-tree) and larger (among-stand) scales.

Methods

We tested relationships between tree genetic relatedness, leaf chemical defences and insect herbivory for different canopy layers in 240 trees from 15 pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) forest stands. We partitioned sources of variability in herbivory and defences among stands, individuals and branches.

Key Results

Leaf defences, insect herbivory and their relationship differed systematically between the upper and the lower tree canopy. When accounting for this canopy effect, the variation explained by tree genetic relatedness rose from 2.8 to 34.1 % for herbivory and from 7.1 to 13.8 % for leaf defences. The effect was driven by markedly stronger relationships in the upper canopy.

Conclusions

Our findings illustrate that considerable effects of the host plant genotype on levels of leaf chemical defences and associated insect herbivory can be detected in natural tree populations when within-individual variation is properly accounted for.
High-density mapping in patients undergoing ablation of atrial fibrillation with the fourth-generation cryoballoon and the new spiral mapping catheter
Authors: Conte Giulio , Soejima Kyoko , de Asmundis Carlo , Bruno Jolie , Cattaneo Fabio , Chierchia Gian-Battista , Miwa Yosuke , Caputo Maria Luce , Sieira Juan , Regoli François , Moccetti Tiziano , Brugada Pedro , Auricchio Angelo
Published: May 2020

Aims

To assess the value of high-density mapping (HDM) in revealing undetected incomplete pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) after the fourth-generation cryoballoon (CB4G) ablation compared to the previous cryoballoon’s versions.

Methods and results

Consecutive patients with paroxysmal or early-persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing CB ablation as the index procedure, assisted by HDM, were retrospectively included in this study. A total of 68 patients (52 males; mean age: 60 ± 12 years, 58 paroxysmal AF) were included, and a total of 272 veins were mapped. Fourth-generation cryoballoon with the new spiral mapping catheter (SMC) was used in 35 patients (51%). Time to PVI was determined in 102/132 (77%) and in 112/140 (80%) veins during second-generation cryoballoon/third-generation cryoballoon (CB2G/CB3G) and CB4G ablation, respectively (P = 0.66). There was a statistically significant difference in terms of discrepancy rate between the SMC and the mini-basket catheter in PV detection after CB4G and CB2G/CB3G ablation(1.4% vs. 7.6%; P = 0.01). A total of 57 patients (84%) remained free of symptomatic AF during a mean follow-up of 9.8 ± 4.6 months.

Conclusion

High-density mapping after cryoballoon ablation using CB4G and the new SMC identifies incomplete PVI, not detected by the new SMC, in a significantly lower proportion of veins compared to HDM performed after the other generation CB ablation.
4-Methylumbelliferone as a potent and selective antitumor drug on a glioblastoma model
Authors: Pibuel Matías A , Díaz Mariángeles , Molinari Yamila , Poodts Daniela , Silvestroff Lucas , Lompardía Silvina L , Franco Paula , Hajos Silvia E
Published: May 2020

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent primary tumor of the central nervous system, has a median survival of 14.6 months. 4-Methylumbelliferone (4MU) is a coumarin derivative widely used as a hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor with proven antitumor activity and without toxic effects reported. We aim to evaluate the antitumor effect of 4MU alone or combined with temozolomide (TMZ) on a GBM cell line, its absence of toxicity on brain cells and its selectivity for tumor cells. The antitumor effect of 4MU alone or combined with TMZ was evaluated on GL26 cells by assessing the metabolic activity through the XTT assay, cell proliferation by BrdU incorporation assay, migration by the wound healing assay, cell death by fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide (FDA/PI) staining, apoptosis by membrane asymmetry and DNA fragmentation and metalloproteinase activity by zymography. The levels of hyaluronan and its capacity to counteract the effects of 4MU and the expression of RHAMM and CD44 were also determined. The toxicity and selectivity of 4MU were determined by XTT assay and PI staining on normal brain primary cell culture (NBPC-GFP) and GL26/NBPC-GFP cocultures. The GL26 cells expressed RHAMM but not CD44 while synthetized hyaluronan. 4MU decreased hyaluronan synthesis, diminished proliferation and induced apoptosis while reducing cell migration and the activity of metalloproteinases, which was restored by addition of hyaluronic acid. Furthermore, 4MU sensitized GL26 cells to the TMZ effect and showed selective toxicity on tumor cells without exhibiting neurotoxic effects. We demonstrated for the first time the cytotoxic effect of 4MU on GBM cells, highlighting its potential usefulness to improve GBM treatment.
Evolution of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research From a Bird’s-Eye Perspective: A Text-Mining Analysis of Publication Trends and Topics
Authors: Barash Yiftach , Klang Eyal , Tau Noam , Ben-Horin Shomron , Mahajna Hussein , Levartovsky Asaf , Arebi Naila , Soffer Shelly , Kopylov Uri
Published: May 2020

Background and aim

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) research is extensive and increasing, with topics varying and shifting foci over time. A comprehensive analysis of the trends in IBD publications may help us grasp knowledge gaps and map future areas of interest. The aim of our study was to create a map of IBD research for the last 25 years using computational text-mining techniques.

Methods

We retrieved all available MEDLINE/PubMed annual datasets between 1992 and 2016. We categorized article characteristics by using word combination and title match techniques. We also assigned country of origin for each article from the first author’s affiliation.

Results

During the study period, 18,653 publications that appeared on PubMed were classified as IBD-related. The annual number of publications increased almost 4-fold (354 to 1361) during the study period. The United States had the highest total number of publications (n = 3179/16,358, 19.4%) and Denmark, Sweden, and Israel had the highest rate of publications per capita. There were 7986 articles successfully assigned with a main subject. Therapeutics, surgical treatment, and endoscopy were the 3 leading topics, with n = 2432/7986 (30%), 1707/7986 (21%), and 981/7986 (12%), respectively. When analyzing trends in topics over time, we found an increase in the proportion of articles on imaging (2.2% in 1992-1996 to 8% in 2012-2016) and a decrease in the proportion of articles on surgical treatment (30% in 1992-1996 to 19% in 2012-2016).

Conclusions

There is steady increase in the number of IBD-related publications. Although the United States is a world leader in the number of IBD publications, Denmark, Sweden, and Israel publish the most per population size. Medical therapeutics is the most popular topic, yet there is a steady increase in publications devoted to imaging and monitoring.
Implications of Dietary Impact on Hepatic Steatosis and IBD
Authors: Jeon Yejoo , Limketkai Berkeley N
Published: May 2020

The Mediterranean diet was recently shown to benefit hepatic steatosis and disease activity in inflammatory bowel diseases. These findings advance our knowledge on dietary approaches for IBD and motivate inquiry on the role of obesity in IBD pathogenesis.
Preadmission Cannabis Use Is Positively Correlated With Inpatient Opioid Dose Exposure in Hospitalized Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Dalal Rahul S , Palchaudhuri Sonali , Snider Christopher K , Lewis James D , Mehta Shivan J , Lichtenstein Gary R
Published: May 2020

Background

Opioid use is associated with excess mortality in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent data have highlighted that inpatient opioid exposure is associated with postdischarge opioid use in this population. It is unknown if preadmission use of cannabis, which is commonly used for symptom relief among patients with IBD, increases the risk for inpatient opioid exposure when patients lack access to cannabis for symptom management. We sought to determine the association between preadmission cannabis use and inpatient opioid exposure while adjusting for relevant confounders.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult patients hospitalized for IBD within a large academic health system from March 1, 2017, to April 10, 2018. Opioid exposure was calculated by converting the sum of administered opioid doses to intravenous morphine milligram equivalents and dividing by length of stay. We used multivariable linear regression to assess the association between cannabis use and inpatient opioid exposure while adjusting for confounders including IBD severity and preadmission opioid use.

Results

Our study included 423 IBD patients. Linear regression analysis showed a significant positive correlation between inpatient opioid exposure (intravenous morphine milligram equivalents divided by length of stay) and preadmission cannabis use (coefficient = 12.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6-21.5). Other significantly associated variables were first patient-reported pain score (coefficient = 1.3; 95% CI, 0.6-2.0) and preadmission opioid use (coefficient = 22.3; 95% CI, 17.0-27.6).

Conclusions

Cannabis use is positively correlated with inpatient opioid exposure after controlling for confounders. A personalized pain management approach should be considered to limit inpatient and possibly future opioid exposure among hospitalized patients with IBD who use cannabis.
Reconsidering hospital EHR adoption at the dawn of HITECH: implications of the reported 9% adoption of a “basic” EHR
Authors: Everson Jordan , Rubin Joshua C , Friedman Charles P
Published: May 2020

Objective

In 2009, a prominent national report stated that 9% of US hospitals had adopted a “basic” electronic health record (EHR) system. This statistic was widely cited and became a memetic anchor point for EHR adoption at the dawn of HITECH. However, its calculation relies on specific treatment of the data; alternative approaches may have led to a different sense of US hospitals’ EHR adoption and different subsequent public policy.

Materials and Methods

We reanalyzed the 2008 American Heart Association Information Technology supplement and complementary sources to produce a range of estimates of EHR adoption. Estimates included the mean and median number of EHR functionalities adopted, figures derived from an item response theory-based approach, and alternative estimates from the published literature. We then plotted an alternative definition of national progress toward hospital EHR adoption from 2008 to 2018.

Results

By 2008, 73% of hospitals had begun the transition to an EHR, and the majority of hospitals had adopted at least 6 of the 10 functionalities of a basic system. In the aggregate, national progress toward basic EHR adoption was 58% complete, and, when accounting for measurement error, we estimate that 30% of hospitals may have adopted a basic EHR.

Discussion

The approach used to develop the 9% figure resulted in an estimate at the extreme lower bound of what could be derived from the available data and likely did not reflect hospitals’ overall progress in EHR adoption.

Conclusion

The memetic 9% figure shaped nationwide thinking and policy making about EHR adoption; alternative representations of the data may have led to different policy.
Self-reported COVID-19 symptoms on Twitter: an analysis and a research resource
Authors: Sarker Abeed , Lakamana Sahithi , Hogg-Bremer Whitney , Xie Angel , Al-Garadi Mohammed Ali , Yang Yuan-Chi
Published: May 2020

Objective

To mine Twitter and quantitatively analyze COVID-19 symptoms self-reported by users, compare symptom distributions across studies, and create a symptom lexicon for future research.

Materials and Methods

We retrieved tweets using COVID-19-related keywords, and performed semiautomatic filtering to curate self-reports of positive-tested users. We extracted COVID-19-related symptoms mentioned by the users, mapped them to standard concept IDs in the Unified Medical Language System, and compared the distributions to those reported in early studies from clinical settings.

Results

We identified 203 positive-tested users who reported 1002 symptoms using 668 unique expressions. The most frequently-reported symptoms were fever/pyrexia (66.1%), cough (57.9%), body ache/pain (42.7%), fatigue (42.1%), headache (37.4%), and dyspnea (36.3%) amongst users who reported at least 1 symptom. Mild symptoms, such as anosmia (28.7%) and ageusia (28.1%), were frequently reported on Twitter, but not in clinical studies.

Conclusion

The spectrum of COVID-19 symptoms identified from Twitter may complement those identified in clinical settings.
Managerial Influence and Organizational Performance
Authors: Rantakari Heikki
Published: May 2020

Agents need to be motivated to develop ideas and to share information regarding their potential value. When the agents fail to agree on which alternative to implement, the principal needs to decide how to resolve the disagreement. When the agents’ information is soft, favoring one of the agents in the case of disagreement is always optimal in the present setting. In contrast, if the information is hard, a balanced treatment of the agents is preferred to encourage competition. The reason for the difference is the high cost of sustaining both informative communication and effort in a balanced organization.
Characteristics of genomic alterations in Chinese cholangiocarcinoma patients
Authors: Jiang Guoping , Zhang Wu , Wang Ting , Ding Songming , Shi Xiaoliang , Zhang Shuirong , Shi Weiwei , Liu Angen , Zheng Shusen
Published: May 2020

Objective

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a primary malignancy, which is often diagnosed as advanced and inoperable due to the lack of effective biomarkers and poor sensitivity of clinical diagnosis. Here, we aimed to identify the genomic profile of CCA and provided molecular evidence for further biomarker development.

Methods

The formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and matching blood samples were sequenced by deep sequencing targeting 450 cancer genes and genomic alteration analysis was performed. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was measured by an algorithm developed in-house. Correlation analysis was performed by Fisher’s exact test.

Results

The most commonly altered genes in this cohort were TP53 (41.27%, 26/63), KRAS (31.75%, 20/63), ARID1A and IDH1 (15.87%, 10/63, for both), SMAD4 (14.29%, 9/63), FGFR2 and BAP1 (12.70%, 8/63, for both), and CDKN2A (11.11%, 7/63). BAP1 mutations were significantly correlated with the CCA subtype. LRP2 mutations were significantly associated with the younger intrahepatic CCA (iCCA) patients, while BAP1 was associated with iCCA patients aged 55–65 years old. BAP1 and LRP2 mutations were associated with TMB.

Conclusions

Most Chinese CCA patients were 50–70 years old. BAP1 and LRP2 mutations were associated with the age of iCCA patients.
The first case report of polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis in POLD1 variant, c.1433G>A p.S478N, in Japan
Authors: Ito Tetsuya , Nomizu Tadashi , Eguchi Hidetaka , Kamae Nao , Dechamethakun Sariya , Akama Yoshinori , Endo Goichi , Sugano Kokichi , Yoshida Teruhiko , Okazaki Yasushi , Ishida Hideyuki
Published: May 2020

Polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis, caused by germline variants in the exonuclease domains of POLD1 and POLE, is a dominantly inherited rare condition characterized by oligo-adenomatous polyposis and increased risk of colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer and brain tumours. We report the first Japanese case of polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis carrying a POLD1 variant. The proband was a Japanese woman who had undergone resections of early colorectal carcinomas repeatedly and a hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy for endometrial cancer, all of which were diagnosed within 2 years after the first colectomy at 49 year old. Colonoscopic examinations demonstrated at least 14 non-cancerous polypoid lesions, some of which were histologically confirmed to be adenoma. Multigene panel sequencing identified a missense variant in POLD1 (c.1433G>A). Although her relatives did not undergo genetic testing, her father and paternal grandfather died of brain tumours at 53 and ~30 years of age, respectively.
Tick and Tickborne Pathogen Surveillance as a Public Health Tool in the United States
Authors: Eisen Rebecca J , Paddock Christopher D
Published: May 2020

In recent decades, tickborne disease (TBD) cases and established populations of medically important ticks have been reported over expanding geographic areas, and an increasing number of tickborne bacteria, viruses, and protozoans have been recognized as human pathogens, collectively contributing to an increasing burden of TBDs in the United States. The prevention and diagnosis of TBDs depend greatly on an accurate understanding by the public and healthcare providers of when and where persons are at risk for exposure to human-biting ticks and to the pathogens these ticks transmit. However, national maps showing the distributions of medically important ticks and the presence or prevalence of tickborne pathogens are often incomplete, outdated, or lacking entirely. Similar deficiencies exist regarding geographic variability in host-seeking tick abundance. Efforts to accurately depict acarological risk are hampered by lack of systematic and routine surveillance for medically important ticks and their associated human pathogens. In this review, we: 1) outline the public health importance of tick surveillance; 2) identify gaps in knowledge regarding the distributions and abundance of medically important ticks in the United States and the presence and prevalence of their associated pathogens; 3) describe key objectives for tick surveillance and review methods appropriate for addressing those goals; and 4) assess current capacity and barriers to implementation and sustainability of tick surveillance programs.
Understanding News Coverage of Religious-based Violence: Empirical and Theoretical Insights from Media Representations of Boko Haram in Nigeria
Authors: Demarest Leila , Godefroidt Amélie , Langer Arnim
Published: May 2020

Recent studies on conflict and terrorism news coverage have documented an ingroup bias as well as an increasingly negative discourse about Muslims in the wake of Islamist terrorist attacks. Yet, as most of these studies have focused on Western media and settings, the determinants of news media’s religious biases and out-group categorizations remain insufficiently understood. In this article, we draw on interviews with Nigerian media practitioners and a comparison of Boko Haram news coverage in two Nigerian newspapers—one Southern-based/Christian-affiliated and one Northern-based/Muslim-affiliated—to argue that it is crucial to consider a country’s political-religious demography in order to understand the way in which religious-based violence is covered in the news. In this respect, we identify micro-, meso- and macro-level theoretical mechanisms through which a country’s demography can promote domestic news outlets—regardless of their background and readership—to cover conflict in a more balanced, nuanced, and objective way.
Outpatient treatment of imported uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria: results from a survey among TropNet and GeoSentinel experts for tropical medicine
Authors: Lingscheid Tilman , Kurth Florian , Stegemann Miriam S , Clerinx Jan , Calleri Guido , Rothe Camilla , Angheben Andrea , Gobbi Federico , Bisoffi Zeno , Hamer Davidson H , Libman Michael , Hatz Christoph , Zoller Thomas
Published: May 2020

Background

Plasmodium falciparum malaria (P.f. malaria) is frequently imported to non-endemic countries. Recommendations on outpatient treatment differ largely due to differences in country-level guidelines and even between tropical medicine referral centres within the same country.

Methods

This survey among experts from TropNet or GeoSentinel referral centres for tropical medicine outside malaria endemic areas investigated common practices in P.f. malaria management, selection criteria for outpatient management and diagnostic procedures as a first step for developing a future common and evidence-based approach.

Results

A total of 44 referral centres participated. Most of the centres are located in Europe (n = 37). Overall, 27 centres (61%) treat uncomplicated P.f. malaria patients as outpatients, of which eight centres (18%) reported treating ≥75% of patients on an outpatient basis. Seventeen centres (39%) reported treating patients only as inpatients. No single criterion stands out for the decision regarding outpatient treatment, but three groups of factors were identified: (i) clinical criteria including laboratory parameters, clinical condition and tolerance of oral medication; (ii) factors such as patient compliance, reachability by phone and support at home and (iii) patient origin and place of residence as a proxy for possible underlying semi-immunity. The threshold parasitaemia for outpatient treatment varied from 0.1 to 5% with a median of 2%. A median of 0.5% of outpatients were admitted during follow-up. During the last 10 years, 33 complications were reported by nine of the 27 centres and three deaths by one centre.

Conclusion

This study gives insight into the heterogeneous management of P.f. malaria patients outside endemic regions. Although there is no consensus among experts, the majority of centres includes outpatient treatment in their clinical routine. However, the lack of evidence-based criteria and established safety for this approach shows the need for prospective studies to define and evaluate criteria and practices for safe outpatient management.
Detailed chemical compositions of planet-hosting stars – I. Exploration of possible planet signatures
Authors: Liu F , Yong D , Asplund M , Wang H S , Spina L , Acuña L , Meléndez J , Ramírez I
Published: May 2020

We present a line-by-line differential analysis of a sample of 16 planet-hosting stars and 68 comparison stars using high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectra gathered using Keck. We obtained accurate stellar parameters and high-precision relative chemical abundances with average uncertainties in Teff, log g, [Fe/H], and [X/H] of 15 K, 0.034 cm s−2 , 0.012 dex, and 0.025 dex, respectively. For each planet host, we identify a set of comparison stars and examine the abundance differences (corrected for Galactic chemical evolution effect) as a function of the dust condensation temperature, Tcond, of the individual elements. While we confirm that the Sun exhibits a negative trend between abundance and Tcond, we also confirm that the remaining planet hosts exhibit a variety of abundance–Tcond trends with no clear dependence upon age, metallicity, or Teff. The diversity in the chemical compositions of planet-hosting stars relative to their comparison stars could reflect the range of possible planet-induced effects present in these planet hosts, from the sequestration of rocky material (refractory poor) to the possible ingestion of planets (refractory rich). Other possible explanations include differences in the time-scale, efficiency and degree of planet formation, or inhomogeneous chemical evolution. Although we do not find an unambiguous chemical signature of planet formation among our sample, the high-precision chemical abundances of the host stars are essential for constraining the composition and structure of their exoplanets.
Dark matter distribution in superthin galaxies
Authors: Kalashnikov Ilia
Published: May 2020

This paper presents a new method of calculating dark matter density profiles for superthin axial symmetric galaxies without a bulge. This method is based on a simple physical model, which includes an infinitely thin galactic disc immersed in a spherically symmetric halo of dark matter. To obtain the desired distribution density, it suffices to know a distribution of visible matter surface density in a galaxy and a dependence of angular velocity on the radius. As a byproduct, the well-known expression, which reproduces surface density of a superthin galaxy expressed through a rotation law, was obtained.
On the slow quenching of ℳ* galaxies: heavily obscured AGNs clarify the picture
Authors: Moutard Thibaud , Malavasi Nicola , Sawicki Marcin , Arnouts Stéphane , Tripathi Shruti
Published: May 2020

We investigate the connection between X-ray and radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and the physical properties of their evolved and massive host galaxies, focussing on the mass-related quenching channel followed by $\mathcal {M}^\star (\simeq 10^{10.6} \, \mathrm{M}_\odot)$ galaxies in the rest-frame NUV–r versus r–K (NUVrK) colour diagram at 0.2 < z < 0.5. While our results confirm that (1) radio-loud AGNs are predominantly hosted by already-quenched and very massive ($M_*\gt 10^{11}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$) galaxies, ruling out their feedback as a primary driver of $\mathcal {M}^\star$ galaxy quenching, we found that (2) X-ray AGNs affected by heavy obscuration of their soft X-ray emission are mostly hosted by $\mathcal {M}^\star$ galaxies that are in the process of quenching. This is consistent with a quenching scenario that involves mergers of (gas-poor) $\mathcal {M}^\star$ galaxies after the onset of the quenching process, i.e. a scenario where $\mathcal {M}^\star$ galaxy mergers are not the cause but rather an aftermath of the quenching mechanism(s). In that respect, we discuss how our results may support a picture where the slow quenching of $\mathcal {M}^\star$ galaxies happens due to halo–halo mergers along cosmic filaments.
Exploring formation scenarios for the exomoon candidate Kepler 1625b I
Authors: Moraes R A , Vieira Neto E
Published: May 2020

If confirmed, the Neptune-size exomoon candidate in the Kepler 1625 system will be the first natural satellite outside our Solar system. Its characteristics are nothing alike we know for a satellite. Kepler 1625b I is expected to be as massive as Neptune and to orbit at 40 planetary radii around a ten Jupiter mass planet. Because of its mass and wide orbit, this satellite was first thought to be captured instead of formed in situ. In this work, we investigated the possibility of an in situ formation of this exomoon candidate. To do so, we performed N-body simulations to reproduce the late phases of satellite formation and use a massive circumplanetary disc to explain the mass of this satellite. Our setups started soon after the gaseous nebula dissipation, when the satellite embryos are already formed. Also for selected exomoon systems, we take into account a post-formation tidal evolution. We found that in situ formation is viable to explain the origin of Kepler 1625b I, even when different values for the star–planet separation are considered. We show that for different star–planet separations the minimum amount of solids needed in the circumplanetary disc to form such a satellite varies, the wider is this separation more material is needed. In our simulations of satellite formation, many satellites were formed close to the planet, this scenario changed after the tidal evolution of the systems. We concluded that if the Kepler1625 b satellite system was formed in situ, tidal evolution was an important mechanism to sculpt its final architecture.
Exploring the dispersion measure of the Milky Way halo
Authors: Keating Laura C , Pen Ue-Li
Published: May 2020

Fast radio bursts offer the opportunity to place new constraints on the mass and density profile of hot and ionized gas in galactic haloes. We test here the X-ray emission and dispersion measure predicted by different gas profiles for the halo of the Milky Way. We examine a range of models, including entropy stability conditions and external pressure continuity. We find that incorporating constraints from X-ray observations leads to favouring dispersion measures on the lower end of the range given by these models. We show that the dispersion measure of the Milky Way halo could be less than 10 cm−3 pc in the most extreme model we consider, which is based on constraints from O vii absorption lines. However, the models allowed by the soft X-ray constraints span more than an order of magnitude in dispersion measures. Additional information on the distribution of gas in the Milky Way halo could be obtained from the signature of a dipole in the dispersion measure of fast radio bursts across the sky, but this will be a small effect for most cases.
E. coli Rep helicase and RecA recombinase unwind G4 DNA and are important for resistance to G4-stabilizing ligands
Authors: Paul Tapas , Voter Andrew F , Cueny Rachel R , Gavrilov Momčilo , Ha Taekjip , Keck James L , Myong Sua
Published: May 2020

G-quadruplex (G4) DNA structures can form physical barriers within the genome that must be unwound to ensure cellular genomic integrity. Here, we report unanticipated roles for the Escherichia coli Rep helicase and RecA recombinase in tolerating toxicity induced by G4-stabilizing ligands in vivo. We demonstrate that Rep and Rep-X (an enhanced version of Rep) display G4 unwinding activities in vitro that are significantly higher than the closely related UvrD helicase. G4 unwinding mediated by Rep involves repetitive cycles of G4 unfolding and refolding fueled by ATP hydrolysis. Rep-X and Rep also dislodge G4-stabilizing ligands, in agreement with our in vivo G4-ligand sensitivity result. We further demonstrate that RecA filaments disrupt G4 structures and remove G4 ligands in vitro, consistent with its role in countering cellular toxicity of G4-stabilizing ligands. Together, our study reveals novel genome caretaking functions for Rep and RecA in resolving deleterious G4 structures.
Butterfly wing architectures inspire sensor and energy applications
Authors: Osotsi Maurice I , Zhang Wang , Zada Imran , Gu Jiajun , Liu Qinglei , Zhang Di
Published: May 2020

Natural biological systems are constantly developing efficient mechanisms to counter adverse effects of increasing human population and depleting energy resources. Their intelligent mechanisms are characterized by the ability to detect changes in the environment, store and evaluate information, and respond to external stimuli. Bio-inspired replication into man-made functional materials guarantees enhancement of characteristics and performance. Specifically, butterfly architectures have inspired the fabrication of sensor and energy materials by replicating their unique micro/nanostructures, light-trapping mechanisms and selective responses to external stimuli. These bio-inspired sensor and energy materials have shown improved performance in harnessing renewable energy, environmental remediation and health monitoring. Therefore, this review highlights recent progress reported on the classification of butterfly wing scale architectures and explores several bio-inspired sensor and energy applications.
Pal Joey Goes to Hollywood
Authors: Lindberg Julianne
Published: May 2020

The 1957 screen adaptation of Pal Joey—starring Frank Sinatra as Joey, Rita Hayworth as Vera, and Kim Novak as Linda—redeems Joey. Now a singer rather than a dancer, Joey genuinely falls in love with Linda. In the end Joey gets the girl. The film promotes a set of emerging gender archetypes that defy middle-class, suburban constructions of masculinity and femininity. Joey’s stage-to-screen evolution—from heel to swinging bachelor—is mirrored by Linda’s transformation from stenographer to sex kitten. Both of these archetypes are responses to what cultural theorists have called the postwar “crisis” in masculinity. The character Vera too is altered. As played by Rita Hayworth, she is tamed by Joey. The anxiety over contested gender roles is reflected in the alteration of the original score, which is reworked, repurposed, and in some cases eviscerated in order to promote the ethos of the film.
Psychomotor Aesthetics
Authors: Hedberg Olenina Ana
Published: May 2020

In the late 19th century, neurophysiology introduced techniques for detecting somatic signs of psychological processes. Scientific modes of recording, representing, and interpreting body movement as “expressive” soon found use in multiple cultural domains. Based on archival materials, this study charts the avenues by which physiological psychology reached the arts and evaluates institutional practices and political trends that promoted interdisciplinary engagements in the first quarter of the 20th century. In mapping the emergence of a paradigm it calls “psychomotor aesthetics,” this book uncovers little-known sources of Russian Futurism, Formalist poetics, avant-garde film theories of Lev Kuleshov and Sergei Eisenstein, and early Soviet programs for evaluating filmgoers’ reactions. Drawing attention to the intellectual exchange between Russian authors and their European and American counterparts, the book documents diverse cultural applications of laboratory methods for studying the psyche. Both a history and a critical project, the book attends to the ways in which artists and theorists dealt with the universalist fallacies inherited from biologically oriented psychology—at times, endorsing the positivist, deterministic outlook, and at times, resisting, reinterpreting, and defamiliarizing these scientific notions. In exposing the vastness of cross-disciplinary exchange at the juncture of neurophysiology and the arts at the turn of the 20th century, Psychomotor Aesthetics calls attention to the tremendous cultural resonance of theories foregrounding the somatic substrate of emotional and cognitive experience—theories, which anticipate the promises and limitations of today’s neuroaesthetics and neuromarketing.