bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computer vision based individual fish identification using skin dot pattern
Authors: Cisar Petr , Bekkozhayeva Dinara , Movchan Oleksandr , Saberioon Mohammadmehdi , Schraml Rudolf
Published: August 2021

Precision fish farming is an emerging concept in aquaculture research and industry, which combines new technologies and data processing methods to enable data-based decision making in fish farming. The concept is based on the automated monitoring of fish, infrastructure, and the environment ideally by contactless methods. The identification of individual fish of the same species within the cultivated group is critical for individualized treatment, biomass estimation and fish state determination. A few studies have shown that fish body patterns can be used for individual identification, but no system for the automation of this exists. We introduced a methodology for fully automatic Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) individual identification according to the dot patterns on the skin. The method was tested for 328 individuals, with identification accuracy of 100%. We also studied the long-term stability of the patterns (aging) for individual identification over a period of 6 months. The identification accuracy was 100% for 30 fish (out of water images). The methodology can be adapted to any fish species with dot skin patterns. We proved that the methodology can be used as a non-invasive substitute for invasive fish tagging. The non-invasive fish identification opens new posiblities to maintain the fish individually and not as a fish school which is impossible with current invasive fish tagging.
Nanobubbles activate anaerobic growth and metabolism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Ito Miu , Sugai Yuichi
Published: August 2021

The effect of nanobubbles on anaerobic growth and metabolism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated. P. aeruginosa grew earlier in the culture medium containing nanobubbles and the bacterial cell concentration in that culture medium was increased a few times higher compared to the medium without nanobubbles under anaerobic condition. Both gas and protein, which are the metabolites of P. aeruginosa, were remarkably produced in the culture medium containing nanobubbles whereas those metabolites were little detected in the medium without nanobubbles, indicating nanobubbles activated anaerobic growth and metabolism of P. aeruginosa. The carbon dioxide nanobubbles came to be positively charged by adsorbing cations and delivered ferrous ions, one of the trace essential elements for bacterial growth, to the microbial cells, which activated the growth and metabolism of P. aeruginosa. The oxygen nanobubbles activated the activities of P. aeruginosa as an oxygen source.
Polyaza functionalized graphene oxide nanomaterial based sensor for Escherichia coli detection in water matrices
Authors: Rose Lina , Mary X. Anitha , Johnson I. , Srinivasan Ganesh , Priya Lakshmi , Bhagavathsingh Jebasingh
Published: August 2021

Water quality is widely discussed owing to its significance in public health due to the inability to access clean water. Waterborne diseases account for the presence of pathogens like Escherichia coli (E. coli) in drinking water in the environmental community. Owing to the rapid increase of such bacterial microorganisms, a cost-effective sensor setup has been developed. Herein, we demonstrate the amine-functionalized graphene oxide (fGO) based 2D nanomaterial used to graft E. coli on its surface. The comparative analysis of the deposition of nanosheets on the glass substrate and PDMS was executed. The impedance variations of GO-based nanosensor at various concentrations of E. coli were performed and their potential difference was recorded. It was observed that the impedance changes inversely with the bacterial concentrations and was fed to the Arduino microcontroller. The experimental setup was standardized for the range of 0.01 Hz to 100 kHz. The obtained analog data was programmed with a microcontroller and the bacterial concentration in colony-forming units was displayed. The real-time analysis showsthe low-level detection of E. coli in aquatic environments. Experiments were conducted using the developed nanosensor to test the efficiency in complex water matrices and whose behavior changes with various physical, chemical, and environmental factors.
Data-driven decentralized breeding increases prediction accuracy in a challenging crop production environment
Authors: de Sousa Kauê , van Etten Jacob , Poland Jesse , Fadda Carlo , Jannink Jean-Luc , Kidane Yosef Gebrehawaryat , Lakew Basazen Fantahun , Mengistu Dejene Kassahun , Pè Mario Enrico , Solberg Svein Øivind , Dell’Acqua Matteo
Published: August 2021

Crop breeding must embrace the broad diversity of smallholder agricultural systems to ensure food security to the hundreds of millions of people living in challenging production environments. This need can be addressed by combining genomics, farmers’ knowledge, and environmental analysis into a data-driven decentralized approach (3D-breeding). We tested this idea as a proof-of-concept by comparing a durum wheat (Triticum durumDesf.) decentralized trial distributed as incomplete blocks in 1,165 farmer-managed fields across the Ethiopian highlands with a benchmark representing genomic prediction applied to conventional breeding. We found that 3D-breeding could double the prediction accuracy of the benchmark. 3D-breeding could identify genotypes with enhanced local adaptation providing superior productive performance across seasons. We propose this decentralized approach to leverage the diversity in farmer fields and complement conventional plant breeding to enhance local adaptation in challenging crop production environments.
The development and structure of the mesentery
Authors: Byrnes Kevin G. , Walsh Dara , Walsh Leon G. , Coffey Domhnall M. , Ullah Muhammad F. , Mirapeix Rosa , Hikspoors Jill , Lamers Wouter , Wu Yi , Zhang Xiao-Qin , Zhang Shao-Xiang , Brama Pieter , Dunne Colum P. , O’Brien Ian S. , Peirce Colin B. , Shelly Martin J. , Scanlon Tim G. , Luther Mary E. , Brady Hugh D. , Dockery Peter , McDermott Kieran W. , Coffey J. Calvin
Published: August 2021

The position of abdominal organs, and mechanisms by which these are centrally connected, are currently described in peritoneal terms. As part of the peritoneal model of abdominal anatomy, there are multiple mesenteries. Recent findings point to an alternative model in which digestive organs are connected to a single mesentery. Given that direct evidence of this is currently lacking, we investigated the development and shape of the entire mesentery. Here we confirm that, within the abdomen, there is one mesentery in which all abdominal digestive organs develop and remain connected to. We show that all abdominopelvic organs are organised into two, discrete anatomical domains, the mesenteric and non-mesenteric domain. A similar organisation occurs across a range of animal species. The findings clarify the anatomical foundation of the abdomen; at the foundation level, the abdomen comprises a visceral (i.e. mesenteric) and somatic (i.e. musculoskeletal) frame. The organisation at that level is a fundamental order that explains the positional anatomy of all abdominopelvic organs, vasculature and peritoneum. Collectively, the findings provide a novel start point from which to systemically characterise the abdomen and its contents.
Consistent tumorigenesis with self-assembled hydrogels enables high-powered murine cancer studies
Authors: Grosskopf Abigail K. , Correa Santiago , Baillet Julie , Maikawa Caitlin L. , Gale Emily C. , Brown Ryanne A. , Appel Eric A.
Published: August 2021

Preclinical cancer research is heavily dependent on allograft and xenograft models, but current approaches to tumor inoculation yield inconsistent tumor formation and growth, ultimately wasting valuable resources (e.g., animals, time, and money) and limiting experimental progress. Here we demonstrate a method for tumor inoculation using self-assembled hydrogels to reliably generate tumors with low variance in growth. The observed reduction in model variance enables smaller animal cohorts, improved effect observation and higher powered studies.
Species diversity and food web structure jointly shape natural biological control in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Yang Fan , Liu Bing , Zhu Yulin , Wyckhuys Kris A. G. , van der Werf Wopke , Lu Yanhui
Published: August 2021

Land-use change and agricultural intensification concurrently impact natural enemy (e.g., parasitoid) communities and their associated ecosystem services (ESs), i.e., biological pest control. However, the extent to which (on-farm) parasitoid diversity and food webs mediate landscape-level influences on biological control remains poorly understood. Here, drawing upon a 3-year study of quantitative parasitoid-hyperparasitoid trophic networks from 25 different agro-landscapes, we assess the cascading effects of landscape composition, species diversity and trophic network structure on ecosystem functionality (i.e., parasitism, hyperparasitism). Path analysis further reveals cascaded effects leading to biological control of a resident crop pest, i.e.,Aphis gossypii. Functionality is dictated by (hyper)parasitoid diversity, with its effects modulated by food web generality and vulnerability. Non-crop habitat cover directly benefits biological control, whereas secondary crop cover indirectly lowers hyperparasitism. Our work underscores a need to simultaneously account for on-farm biodiversity and trophic interactions when investigating ESs within dynamic agro-landscapes.
The endosomal Q-SNARE, Syntaxin 7, defines a rapidly replenishing synaptic vesicle recycling pool in hippocampal neurons
Authors: Mori Yasunori , Takenaka Koh-ichiro , Fukazawa Yugo , Takamori Shigeo
Published: August 2021

Upon the arrival of repetitive stimulation at the presynaptic terminals of neurons, replenishment of readily releasable synaptic vesicles (SVs) with vesicles in the recycling pool is important for sustained neurotransmitter release. Kinetics of replenishment and the available pool size define synaptic performance. However, whether all SVs in the recycling pool are recruited for release with equal probability and speed is unknown. Here, based on comprehensive optical imaging of various presynaptic endosomal SNARE proteins in cultured hippocampal neurons, all of which are implicated in organellar membrane fusion in non-neuronal cells, we show that part of the recycling pool bearing the endosomal Q-SNARE, syntaxin 7 (Stx7), is preferentially mobilized for release during high-frequency repetitive stimulation. Recruitment of the SV pool marked with an Stx7-reporter requires actin polymerization, as well as activation of the Ca2+/calmodulin signaling pathway, reminiscent of rapidly replenishing SVs characterized previously in calyx of Held synapses. Furthermore, disruption of Stx7 function by overexpressing its N-terminal domain selectively abolished this pool. Thus, our data indicate that endosomal membrane fusion involving Stx7 forms rapidly replenishing vesicles essential for synaptic responses to high-frequency repetitive stimulation, and also highlight functional diversities of endosomal SNAREs in generating distinct exocytic vesicles in the presynaptic terminals.
Specific phenotypic, genomic, and fitness evolutionary trajectories toward streptomycin resistance induced by pesticide co-stressors in Escherichia coli
Authors: Xing Yue , Kang Xiaoxi , Zhang Siwei , Men Yujie
Published: August 2021

To explore how co-occurring non-antibiotic environmental stressors affect evolutionary trajectories toward antibiotic resistance, we exposed susceptible Escherichia coli K-12 populations to environmentally relevant levels of pesticides and streptomycin for 500 generations. The coexposure substantially changed the phenotypic, genotypic, and fitness evolutionary trajectories, resulting in much stronger streptomycin resistance (>15-fold increase) of the populations. Antibiotic target modification mutations in rpsL and rsmG, which emerged and dominated at late stages of evolution, conferred the strong resistance even with less than 1% abundance, while the off-target mutations in nuoG, nuoL, glnE, and yaiW dominated at early stages only led to mild resistance (2.5–6-fold increase). Moreover, the strongly resistant mutants exhibited lower fitness costs even without the selective pressure and had lower minimal selection concentrations than the mildly resistant ones. Removal of the selective pressure did not reverse the strong resistance of coexposed populations at a later evolutionary stage. The findings suggest higher risks of the selection and propagation of strong antibiotic resistance in environments potentially impacted by antibiotics and pesticides.
Strategies to Mitigate CYP450 Inhibition
Authors: Dossetter Alexander G. , de Groot Marcel J. , Skerratt Sarah E.
Published: August 2021

The cytochrome P450s (CYPs) comprise a superfamily of haem-containing proteins that are predominantly expressed in the liver and catalyse the metabolism of a broad range of exogenous and endogenous molecules. The inhibition of P450-mediated drug metabolism may result in undesirable elevations in plasma drug concentrations; therefore, an understanding of the potential for CYP inhibition is important from a therapeutic efficacy and safety stand-point. This chapter will highlight and exemplify medicinal chemistry strategies to reduce CYP inhibitory activity and hence the potential for drug–drug interactions.
Sulfation
Authors: Pan Yue
Published: August 2021

Sulfation catalyzed by sulfotransferase (SULT) is an important part of phase II metabolism. Similar to uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), SULTs can metabolize certain drug-like molecules, and reactive metabolites may also form as a result. This chapter provides an overview of the SULT family, several medicinal chemistry strategies to reduce or eliminate sulfation and selected examples from the literature.
Amidine-based ionic liquid analogues with AlCl3: a credible new electrolyte for rechargeable Al batteries
Authors: Lucio Anthony J. , Efimov Igor , Efimov Oleg N. , Zaleski Christopher J. , Viles Stephen , Ignatiuk Beata B. , Abbott Andrew P. , Hillman A. Robert , Ryder Karl S.
Published: August 2021

An electrochemical investigation of novel electrolytes based on amidine salts for aluminium batteries.
Liquid metal assisted sonocatalytic degradation of organic azo dyes to solid carbon particles
Authors: Oloye Olawale , Riches James D. , O’Mullane Anthony P.
Published: August 2021

Room temperature liquid metals based on gallium can be used as a sonochemical catalyst to degrade organic azo dyes into harmless carbon particles with different sizes. The liquid metal is recoverable after each cycle and therefore reuseable.
Synthesis of bent-shaped π-extended thienoacenes from 2,5-distannylated 3,4-dialkynethiophene
Authors: Agrawal Abhijeet R. , Kumar Neha Rani , Choudhury Aditya , Zade Sanjio S.
Published: August 2021

Here, we present the synthesis of an air stable, pure and easily scalable thiophene precursor, 2,5-distannylated-3,4-dialkyne thiophene. This precursor has been used for the synthesis of a versatile class of syn-thienoacenes.
Synthesis and reactivity of NHC-coordinated phosphinidene oxide
Authors: Dhara Debabrata , Pal Pradeep Kumar , Dolai Ramapada , Chrysochos Nicolas , Rawat Hemant , Elvers Benedict J. , Krummenacher Ivo , Braunschweig Holger , Schulzke Carola , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli , Priyakumar U. Deva , Jana Anukul
Published: August 2021

Herein we report the synthesis of an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-stabilised phosphinidene oxide, by the controlled oxygenation of a phosphinidene under ambient conditions.
In situ reconstruction of ZIF-8 loaded on fibrous supports
Authors: Song Leilei , Li Siqi , Li Tao
Published: August 2021

The fibre-supported ZIF-8 can undergo a full degradation–recrystallization cycle in a vapor phase with partial recovery of its porosity.
Noble metal (Ag, Au, Pd and Pt) doped TaS2 monolayer for gas sensing: a first-principles investigation
Authors: Shi Jia , Quan Wenjing , Chen Xinwei , Chen Xiyu , Zhang Yongwei , Lv Wen , Yang Jianhua , Zeng Min , Wei Hao , Hu Nantao , Su Yanjie , Zhou Zhihua , Yang Zhi
Published: August 2021

Ag-doped TaS2 monolayers show an obvious change in work function and short recovery time for NO2, which indicates that TaS2-based nanomaterials might be a promising candidate for constructing high-performance NO2 gas sensors.
Can the microscopic and macroscopic transport phenomena in deep eutectic solvents be reconciled?
Authors: Srinivasan H. , Sharma V. K. , Mitra S.
Published: August 2021

A thorough understanding of the structural relaxation associated to the H-bond dynamics in DESs will provide the necessary framework to interpret the emergence of bulk transport properties from their microscopic counterparts.
Spot the difference: hydrogen adsorption and dissociation on unsupported platinum and platinum-coated transition metal carbides
Authors: Koverga Andrey A. , Flórez Elizabeth , Jimenez-Orozco Carlos , Rodriguez José A.
Published: August 2021

Pt/TMC has potential as a catalyst for hydrogenation reactions, which are involved in several processes in heterogeneous catalysis.
Silanol defect engineering and healing in zeolites: opportunities to fine-tune their properties and performances
Authors: Medeiros-Costa Izabel C. , Dib Eddy , Nesterenko Nikolai , Dath Jean-Pierre , Gilson Jean-Pierre , Mintova Svetlana
Published: August 2021

The main approaches for engineering and healing of defects in zeolites known for their iconic shape-selective properties widely explored in key areas such as catalysis, waste management, gas separation and biomedicine are revealed.
In situα-Fe2O3modified La2Ti2O7with enhanced photocatalytic CO2reduction activity
Authors: Zhang Zifan , Lin Yuan , Liu Qianwen , Wang Xuxu , Fu Xianzhi , Su Wenyue
Published: August 2021

In situα-Fe2O3modified La2Ti2O7for enhanced photocatalytic CO2reduction.
Roles of Mo dopant in Bi2WO6 for enhancing photocatalytic activities
Authors: Longchin Pimchanok , Sakulsermsuk Sumet , Wetchakun Khatcharin , Kidkhunthod Pinit , Wetchakun Natda
Published: August 2021

Related mechanisms for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange and photocatalytic enhancement of Mo-doped Bi2WO6 are demonstrated.
Achieving high thermal sensitivity from ratiometric CaGdAlO4:Mn4+,Tb3+ thermometers
Authors: Fang Yuyin , Zhang Yuanpeng , Zhang Yuepin , Hu Jianxu
Published: August 2021

Mn4+/Tb3+ co-doped CaGdAlO4 thermometers are consistently more thermally sensitive than the Eu3+ co-doped sample.
N-Butylpyrrolidone (NBP) as a non-toxic substitute for NMP in iron-catalyzed C(sp2)–C(sp3) cross-coupling of aryl chlorides
Authors: Bisz Elwira , Koston Martina , Szostak Michal
Published: August 2021

Although iron catalyzed cross-couplings show extraordinary promise in reducing the environmental impact of more toxic metals, one of the main challenges is the use of reprotoxic NMP (NMP = N-methylpyrrolidone) as the key ligand.
Ionozyme: ionic liquids as solvent and stabilizer for efficient bioactivation of CO2
Authors: Ji Xiuling , Xue Yaju , Li Zhuang , Liu Yanrong , Liu Lei , Busk Peter Kamp , Lange Lene , Huang Yuhong , Zhang Suojiang
Published: August 2021

The first developed ionozyme that combines a discovered novel FDHPa with a synergistic ionic microenvironment enables efficient bioactivation of CO2.
ICP-MS spatial profiles in presence of ethanol and their application for the analysis of ethanol containing samples
Authors: Sánchez Carlos , Sánchez Raquel , Lienemann Charles-Philippe , Todolí José-Luis
Published: August 2021

A total sample consumption system (hTISIS) was used for the first time to evaluate the plasma spatial ion profile for ethanolic samples in ICP-MS.
Performance and optimisation of triple quadrupole ICP-MS for accurate measurement of uranium isotopic ratios
Authors: Lindahl Patric , Olszewski Grzegorz , Eriksson Mats
Published: August 2021

This study presents improved accuracy and precision in ICP-MS/MS analyses of uranium isotopic ratios by correcting for the instrumental drift in the mass calibration of the first and second mass filters.
A renewable photocatalytic system with dramatic photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution and constant light energy utilization: eosin Y sensitized ZnWO4 nanoplates loaded with CuO nanoparticles
Authors: Bao Xiaoluo , Wang Xiaokun , Li Xiangqing , Qin Lixia , Zhang Taiyang , Zheng Dewen , Zhang Xi , Li Jianming , Wang Shanyu , Kang Shi-Zhao
Published: August 2021

Efficient photocatalytic system with light intensity-independent energy utilization for H2 evolution.
Apoptosis-like bacterial death modulated by photoactive hyperthermia nanomaterials and enhanced wound disinfection application
Authors: Qiang Li , Jin Hangshuai , Feng Yonghai , Wu Rongrong , Song Yongxiu , Liu Lei
Published: August 2021

Photothermal therapy (PTT) can be used as an efficient therapeutic strategy for wound disinfection by triggering bacterial apoptosis-like death.
Nanometallurgy in solution: organometallic synthesis of intermetallic Pd–Ga colloids and their activity in semi-hydrogenation catalysis
Authors: Staiger Lena , Kratky Tim , Günther Sebastian , Urstoeger Alexander , Schuster Michael , Tomanek Ondrej , Zbořil Radek , Fischer Richard W. , Fischer Roland A. , Cokoja Mirza
Published: August 2021

Synthesis of bimetallic colloids via an organometallic approach resulting in a different catalytic performance regarding activity and selectivity in the semi-hydrogenation of liquid alkynes.
Mini-review: progress on micro/nanoscale MnMoO4as an electrode material for advanced supercapacitor applications
Authors: Zhu Zhu , Sun Yan , Li Chunsheng , Yang Chen , Li Lin , Zhu Jiahao , Chou Shulei , Wang Miaomiao , Wang Didi , Li Yuanliang
Published: August 2021

MnMoO4with various micro/nanoscale structures to improve the electronic conductivity and enhance the electrochemical performances for supercapacitors are summarized in this mini-review.
Quantification of nickel, cobalt, and manganese concentration using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
Authors: Malik Monu , Chan Ka Ho , Azimi Gisele
Published: August 2021

Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is one of the most effective, inexpensive, flexible, and simplest analytical techniques to measure species concentration in the liquid phase.
Advances in biopolymeric active films incorporated with emulsified lipophilic compounds: a review
Authors: Dammak Ilyes , Luciano Carla Giovana , Pérez-Córdoba Luis Jaime , Monteiro Maria Lúcia , Conte-Junior Carlos Adam , Sobral Paulo José do Amaral
Published: August 2021

The attention towards active films has increased due to consumer demand for high-quality foods without chemical additives.
Copper(i)-catalyzed radical carboamination reaction of 8-aminoquinoline-oriented buteneamides with chloroform: synthesis of-β-lactams
Authors: Gan Zixu , Zhang Ke , Shi Peng , Zhao Yingsheng , Zeng Runsheng
Published: August 2021

A novel Cu(CH3CN)4PF6-catalyzed carboamination reaction of 8-aminoquinoline-oriented buteneamides with chloroform to afford 4-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)-β-lactams is described.
Chemoenzymatic glycan-selective remodeling of a therapeutic lysosomal enzyme with high-affinity M6P-glycan ligands. Enzyme substrate specificity is the name of the game
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Liu Huiying , Meena Naresh , Li Chao , Zong Guanghui , Raben Nina , Puertollano Rosa , Wang Lai-Xi
Published: August 2021

An efficient one-pot M6P glycan remodeling of a multiply glycosylated lysosomal enzyme (Lumizyme) affords a new glycoengineered protein that shows greatly improved receptor binding, cellular uptake, and degradation of lysosomal glycogen in an in vitro model of Pompe disease.
Correction: Achieving a low-carbon future through the energy–chemical nexus in China
Authors: Li Yinan , Lan Song , Pérez-Ramírez Javier , Wang Xiaonan
Published: August 2021

Correction for ‘Achieving a low-carbon future through the energy–chemical nexus in China’ by Yinan Li et al., Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2020, 4, 6141–6155, DOI: 10.1039/D0SE01337D.
Interfacial passivation of wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells and tandem solar cells
Authors: Xia Rui , Xu Yibo , Chen Bingbing , Kanda Hiroyuki , Franckevičius Marius , Gegevičius Rokas , Wang Shubo , Chen Yifeng , Chen Daming , Ding Jianning , Yuan Ningyi , Zhao Ying , Roldán-Carmona Cristina , Zhang Xiaodan , Dyson Paul J. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja
Published: August 2021

Stable wide bandgap (1.698 eV) perovskite devices achieving efficiencies of 19.67%, and open circuit voltages (Voc) above 1.2 V, and their integration into tandem n-i-p top perovskite silicon cells with 24% PCE for.
An Exploration of Lung Volume Effects on Swallowing in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Drulia Teresa C. , Kamarunas Erin , O'Donoghue Cynthia , Ludlow Christy L.
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) limits respiration, which may negatively impact airway safety during swallowing. It is unknown how differences in lung volume in COPD may alter swallowing physiology. This exploratory study aimed to determine how changes in lung volume impact swallow duration and coordination in persons with stable state COPD compared with older healthy volunteers (OHVs).

Method

Volunteers ≥ 45 years with COPD (VwCOPDs;n= 9) and OHVs (n= 10) were prospectively recruited. Group and within-participant differences were examined when swallowing at different respiratory volumes: resting expiratory level (REL), tidal volume (TV), and total lung capacity (TLC). Participants swallowed self-administered 20-ml water boluses by medicine cup. Noncued (NC) water swallows were followed by randomly ordered block swallowing trials at three lung volumes. Estimated lung volume (ELV) and respiratory–swallow patterning were quantified using spirometry and respiratory inductive plethysmography. Manometry measured pharyngeal swallow duration from onset of base of tongue pressure increase to offset of negative pressure in the pharyngoesophageal segment.

Results

During NC swallows, the VwCOPDs swallowed at lower lung volumes than OHVs (p= .011) and VwCOPDs tended to inspire after swallows more often than OHVs. Pharyngeal swallow duration did not differ between groups; however, swallow duration significantly decreased as the ELV increased in VwCOPDs (p= .003). During ELV manipulation, the COPD group inspired after swallowing more frequently at REL than at TLC (p= .001) and at TV (p= .002). In conclusion, increasing respiratory lung volume in COPD should improve safety by reducing the frequency of inspiration after a swallow.
Sicherheitsrisiko Krankenhaus
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: August 2021

Die schwere Hackerattacke gegen die Uniklinik Düsseldorf im vergangenen September offenbarte, wie verwundbar deutsche Kliniken weiterhin sind. Zwar hat sich einiges verbessert, doch nach Ansicht von Sicherheitsexperten ist die IT-Sicherheit in vielen Kliniken weiterhin mit Mängeln behaftet. Selbst KRITISHäuser zeigen erhebliche Schwachstellen, wie eine aktuelle Studie belegt.
Protokolle zur Klassifikation, Überwachung und Therapie in der Kinderrheumatologie (PRO-KIND)
Authors: Horneff Gerd
Published: August 2021

Zur Verbesserung und Harmonisierung der Diagnostik, Überwachung, Therapieentscheidung und der Prognose bei einigen häufigeren pädiatrisch-rheumatologischen Erkrankungen hat die Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie die Kommission PRO-KIND gegründet. Die erstellten Protokolle werden innerhalb der Fachgesellschaft konsentiert, um S1-Leitlinienniveau zu erhalten. Erste Protokolle wurden erstellt und eines in einer ersten klinischen Studie validiert.
Operative Interventionen beim Knochenmarködem und bei Osteonekrose
Authors: Roth Andreas , Henkelmann Jeanette
Published: August 2021

Das transitorische Knochenmarködem (KMÖ) stellt eine klinisch schmerzhafte, ätiologisch weiterhin nicht gänzlich geklärte Krankheitsentität dar und grenzt sich vom Frühstadium einer Osteonekrose ab. Sie betrifft am häufigsten das Hüft- und Kniegelenk und ist in der Regel mit einer guten Prognose selbstlimitierend. Die initiale Behandlung des KMÖ ist konservativ und beinhaltet neben einer Entlastung der Körperregion medikamentöse Therapien. Eine chirurgische Intervention mittels retrograder Anbohrung zur Druckentlastung bleibt Patienten mit starken, schwer kontrollierbaren Schmerzen vorbehalten. Osteonekrosen erfordern ein abgestuftes therapeutisches Vorgehen und richten sich am Stadium der Osteonekrose und der sekundären Gelenkschäden aus. Eine frühzeitige Diagnose bzw. frühe Stadien und Therapie sowie kleine Läsionsgrößen weisen bessere Prognosen auf. Unbehandelt führt sie zur Arthrose. In der Mehrzahl der Fälle ist eine chirurgische Intervention erforderlich, welche gelenkerhaltende Maßnahmen wie die Entlastungsbohrung und osteochondrale Autografts umfassen. Vor allem im Spätstadium müssen endoprothetische Verfahren erwogen werden.
Kinder-und Jugendmedizin quergedacht
Authors: Hussack Sabine
Published: August 2021

Das Zeitalter der Digitalisierung, in dem wir leben, bietet der modernen Medizin durch einen steten, nie zuvor dagewesenen Wissens- und Informationszuwachs und nahezu unbegrenzten Zugang zu diesen Informationen eine Fülle an Chancen zur Qualitätssteigerung. Andererseits sieht sich die moderne Medizin durch die zunehmende Komplexität und Spezialisierungstendenzen auch vor zahlreiche neue Herausforderungen gestellt. Zur Vermittlung und Bündelung von nahezu unüberschaubar gewordenen Informationsmengen sind eine gute Kommunikation und die Vernetzung zur Kooperation mit anderen Fachdisziplinen wichtiger denn je geworden.
Ödem und Nekrose
Authors: Zustin Jozef
Published: August 2021

Osteonekrose und Ödem des Markraumes nicht nur im Hüftkopf werden mittels radiologischer Methoden diagnostiziert und nur selten histopathologisch untersucht. In dieser Übersicht werden morphologische Korrelate für Ödem und Osteonekrose erläutert.
Die Praxis der Familien- und Erziehungsberatung
Authors: Will Sylvia K.
Published: August 2021

Familien- und Erziehungsberatungsstellen dienen häufig als niederschwellige, kostenfreie erste Anlaufstelle bei alterstypischen Erziehungsproblemen, familiären Konflikten mit Gewalterfahrungen oder auch elterlichen Trennungssituationen. Als Teil eines großen psychosozialen Netzwerks mit umfassenden Angeboten sowie einer systemischen Sichtweise stellen sie für Pädiater einen wichtigen Kooperationspartner und Vermittler im weiten Spektrum der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe dar.
Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment of Children with Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis (TAM) and Myeloid Leukemia in Down Syndrome (ML-DS)
Authors: Al-Kershi Sina , Golnik Richard , Flasinski Marius , Waack Katharina , Rasche Mareike , Creutzig Ursula , Dworzak Michael , Reinhardt Dirk , Klusmann Jan-Henning
Published: August 2021

Children with Down syndrome are at a high risk of developing transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM; synonym: TMD) or myeloid leukemia (ML-DS). While most patients with TAM are asymptomatic and go into spontaneous remission without a need for therapy, around 20% of patients die within the first six months due to TAM-related complications. Another 20–30% of patients progress from TAM to ML-DS. ML-DS patients are particularly vulnerable to therapy-associated toxicity, but the prognosis of relapsed ML-DS is extremely poor – thus, ML-DS therapy schemata must strive for a balance between appropriate efficacy (to avoid relapses) and treatment-related toxicity. This guideline presents diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for TAM and ML-DS based on the experience and results of previous clinical studies from the BFM working group, which have helped reduce the risk of early death in symptomatic TAM patients using low-dose cytarabine, and which have achieved excellent cure rates for ML-DS using intensity-reduced treatment protocols.
Versorgungsqualität - Vdek drängt auf Reform der Krankenhausstrukturen
Authors:   Nach Angaben Vdek
Published: August 2021

Der Verband der Ersatzkassen e. V. (Vdek) fordert Strukturreformen im Krankenhausbereich und insbesondere die Umgestaltung stationärer Versorgung durch Modernisierung in ländlichen Regionen und Ausbau der Vernetzung.
Entscheidungshilfe (EH) für Notärzte in der Versorgung von Patienten am Lebensende
Authors: George Wolfgang M , Steidl Stefan , Papke Jens , Wiese Christoph HR
Published: August 2021

Hintergrund Der überwiegende Teil der Patienten in
Deutschland verstirbt entgegen ihres Wunsches nicht zu Hause. Eine Entscheidungshilfe
für das notfallmedizinische Team kann nachfolgende Klinikeinweisungen von Patienten am
Lebensende vermeiden.

Material und Methoden Die Entscheidungshilfe Notarzt wurde im
Rahmen des G-BA-Projektes AVENUE-Pal basierend auf einem Expertenkonsens mittels
qualitativer und quantitativer Befragungen entwickelt. Sie stellt einen Teilaspekt des
Gesamtprojektes dar.

Ergebnisse Die EH Notarzt definiert 7 Ziele, die durch die
Dimensionen „Information“, „Beratung“, „Unterstützung“, „Schulung“, „Anleitung“,
„Übung“, „Kooperation“ und „Dokumentation“ erreicht werden sollen. Die EH Notarzt stellt
eine Möglichkeit der Optimierung der notfallmedizinischen Behandlung von Patienten am
Lebensende dar.

Diskussion Die EH Notarzt ist eine Entwicklung zur
Verbesserung der präklinischen Versorgung von Patienten am Lebensende und zur Vermeidung
von Klinikeinweisungen am Lebensende. Derzeit ist die EH Notarzt ein theoretisches
Hilfsmittel, welches in die praktische Anwendung überführt werden und weiterhin an die
Notwendigkeiten der täglichen Patientenversorgung angepasst werden muss.
Updates on the Management of Neurologic Complications of Post–Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation
Authors: Mayasi Yunis , Geocadin Romergryko G.
Published: August 2021

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the United States, and survivors are frequently left with severe disability. Of the 10% successfully resuscitated from SCA, only around 10% of these live with a favorable neurologic outcome. Survivors of SCA commonly develop post–cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). PCAS is composed of neurologic, myocardial, and systemic injury related to inadequate perfusion and ischemia–reperfusion injury with free radical formation and an inflammatory cascade. While targeted temperature management is the cornerstone of therapy, other intensive care unit–based management strategies include monitoring and treatment of seizures, cerebral edema, and increased intracranial pressure, as well as prevention of further neurologic injury. In this review, we discuss the scientific evidence, recent updates, future prospects, and knowledge gaps in the treatment of post–cardiac arrest patients.
Larotrectinib: A Novel Tumor-Agnostic Neurotrophic Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase (NTRK) Inhibitor in Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Dhanushkodi Manikandan , Bajpai Jyoti
Published: August 2021

Larotrectinib and entrectinib are highly selective, potent tropomyosin receptor kinase fusion inhibitors. It is U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved for the treatment of adult and pediatric advanced solid tumors with neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase fusion genes who are refractory to standard systemic therapy. The response rate was ~80% and was rapid and durable. The median progression-free survival was 28 months. The side effects include anemia, weight gain, hepatotoxicity, and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Phase 3, randomized controlled trials are warranted to assess survival benefit.
The Outcomes of Tracheostomy in Pediatric Cardiac Surgical Patients
Authors: Sahu Manoj Kumar , Bipin Challatil , Dhatterwal Ummed Singh , Singh Sarvesh Pal , Devagourou Velayoudam , Rajashekar Palleti , Talwar Sachin , Hote Milind Padmakar , Chaudhary Shiv Kumar
Published: August 2021

Objectives To describe the outcomes of postoperative tracheostomy and determine the predictors of survival.

Design Prospective, observational study.

Setting Cardiac surgical intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital.

Participants All pediatric patients below 10 years of age who underwent tracheostomy after cardiac surgery from January 2019 to December 2019. Different variables were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors.

Intervention Tracheostomy.

Results Among 1084 pediatric patients who underwent cardiac surgery during the study period, 41 (3.7%) received tracheostomy. Survival rate was 71%.

Earlier, sternal closure (SC) (p = 0.04), acute kidney injury (AKI) (p = 0.001), serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.007), duration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) (p = 0.005) and days of feed interruption (FI) (p = 0.02), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) before tracheostomy (p = 0.006), and bleeding from tracheostomy site (p = 0.02) were significantly low in the survivor group.

Among the peritracheostomy variables taken at different time points, the levels of pH on tracheostomy day 1 (p = 0.03), serum lactate on tracheostomy day 2 (p = 0.01) and day 3 (p = 0.01), and random blood sugar (RBS) on tracheostomy day 3 (p = 0.04) were significantly lower in the survivor group.

The arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) on tracheostomy day 1 (p = 0.04) and the platelet count before tracheostomy (p = 0.02) were significantly higher in the survivor group.

Conclusions Our study demonstrated a survival of 71% among the study cohort. Lesser duration of open sternum, lower incidence of AKI, less number of days on TPN and FI, lower posttracheostomy aPTT, bleeding, RBS, lactate, and higher pretracheostomy platelet count and posttracheostomy SaO2 were found to be the predictors of survival.
Umbilical Cord Blood Use for Admission Blood Tests of VLBW Preterm Neonates: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Mu Thornton S. , Prescott Alicia C. , Haischer-Rollo Gayle D. , Aden James K. , Shapiro Jonathan B.
Published: August 2021

Objective Umbilical cord blood (UCB) for admission laboratories is an approach to decrease anemia risk in very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates. We hypothesized that UCB use results in higher hemoglobin concentration [HgB] around 24 hours of life.

Study Design A randomized control trial among VLBW infants whose admission laboratories were drawn from UCB (n = 39) or the infant (n = 41) in three U.S. military NICUs (clinicaltrials.gov#NCT02103296).

Results No demographic differences were observed between groups. UCB infants had higher [HgB] at 12 to 24 hours of life (15.5 vs. 14.0 g/dL, p = 0.02). The median time to first transfusion was 17 days longer in the experimental group (p = 0.04), and at discharge, their number of donor exposures was lower (1.1 vs. 1.8, p = 0.04).

Conclusion In the first 24 hours of life that is a period of higher risk for hemodynamic instability, UCB utilization for admission bloodwork in VLBW infants results in higher [HgB].

Key Points
Globalization in Pediatric Surgical Training: The Benefit of an International Fellowship in a Low-to-Middle–Income Country Academic Hospital
Authors: von Sochaczewski Christina Oetzmann , Zanini Andrea , Basson Sonia , Brisighelli Giulia , Di Cesare Antonio , Gabler Tarryn , Gentilino Valerio , Gopal Milan , Grieve Andrew , Harrison Derek , Patel Nirav , Westgarth-Taylor Chris , Withers Aletha , Loveland Jerome A.
Published: August 2021

Objective A relative oversupply of pediatric surgeons led to increasing difficulties in surgical training in high-income countries (HIC), popularizing international fellowships in low-to-middle–income countries (LMIC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of an international fellowship in an LMIC for the training of pediatric surgery trainees from HICs.

Methods We retrospectively reviewed and compared the prospectively maintained surgical logbooks of international pediatric surgical trainees who completed a fellowship at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital in the last 10 years. We analyzed the number of surgeries, type of involvement, and level of supervision in the operations. Data are provided in mean differences between South Africa and the respective home country.

Results Seven fellows were included. Operative experience was higher in South Africa in general (Δx̅ = 381; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 236–656; p < 0.0001) and index cases (Δx̅ = 178; 95% CI: 109–279; p < 0.0001). In South Africa, fellows performed more index cases unsupervised (Δx̅ = 71; 95% CI: 42–111; p < 0.0001), but a similar number under supervision (Δx̅ = –1; 95% CI: –25–24; p = 0.901). Fellows were exposed to more surgical procedures in each pediatric surgical subspecialty.

Conclusion An international fellowship in a high-volume subspecialized unit in an LMIC can be highly beneficial for HIC trainees, allowing exposure to higher caseload, opportunity to operate independently, and to receive a wider exposure to the different fields of pediatric surgery. The associated benefit for the local trainees is some reduction in their clinical responsibilities due to the additional workforce, providing them with the opportunity for protected academic and research time.
Pneumothorax in SARS-CoV-2 Affected Patients
Authors: Srivatsa R. , Hosmane Giridhar Belur , Venkataram Rajesh , Baikunje Nandakishore
Published: August 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has various known complications in its natural course of the illness. Pneumothorax is one of the emerging complications in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-positive patients, not initiated on invasive mechanical ventilation. Case studies and autopsy reports across the globe suggest alveolar pathology to be responsible for the outcome.

COVID-19 infection in humans caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has various known complications in its natural course of the illness. Pneumothorax is one of the emerging complications in COVID-19-positive patients. Prior identification and anticipation of such life-threatening complications aid in the treatment of COVID-19-positive patients.
Calling referendums on domestic policies: how political elites and citizens differ
Authors: Gherghina Sergiu , Silagadze Nanuli
Published: August 2021

Most national level referendums in Europe since 1793 are initiated either by political elites or by citizens. It remains unclear why these two types of initiators call for referendums. This article aims to explain under what circumstances political elites and citizens call referendums on domestic policies. The analysis is conducted at country level using an original data set that covers 461 national level referendums in Europe between 1793 and 2019. It tests the influence of four institutional variables that in theory are expected to have a divergent effect for the two types of initiators. The experience with direct democracy increases the likelihood to have referendums called by elites and reduces the incidence of citizen-initiated referendums. More authoritarian countries and longer time passed from referendums in a neighboring country explain why political elites initiate referendums. Coalition governments are more prone to citizen-initiated referendums on domestic policies compared to single-party governments.
New approaches to photoluminescent composite design points to improved heat transport
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: August 2021

Package-inside thermal management using high-conductivity “expressways” for heat dissipation move field closer to 3D interconnected networks.
Symmetries of the Schrödinger–Pauli equation for neutral particles
Authors: Nikitin A. G.
Published: August 2021

By using the algebraic approach, the Lie symmetries of Schrödinger equations with matrix potentials are classified. Thirty three inequivalent equations of such type together with the related symmetry groups are specified, and the admissible equivalence relations are clearly indicated. In particular, the Boyer results concerning kinematical invariance groups for arbitrary potentials [C. P. Boyer, Helv. Phys. Acta 47, 450–605 (1974)] are clarified and corrected.
Re-integration with anchor points algorithm for ab initio molecular dynamics
Authors: Zheng Jingjing , Frisch Michael J.
Published: August 2021

A new integration scheme for ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) is proposed in this work for efficient propagation using large time steps (e.g., 2.0 fs or a larger time step with one ab initio evaluation of gradients for the dynamics point and one additional evaluation for the anchor point per dynamics step). This algorithm is called re-integration with anchor points (REAP) integrator. The REAP integrator starts from a quadratic potential energy surface based on the updated Hessian to propagate the system to the halfway of the MD step that is called the anchor point. Then, an approximate dynamics position for this step is obtained by the propagation based on an interpolated surface using the anchor point and the previous MD point. The approximate dynamics step can be further improved by the re-integration steps, i.e., integration based on the interpolated surface using the calculated energies, gradients, and updated Hessians of the previous step, the anchor point, and the approximate current step. A trajectory only needs one analytical Hessian calculation at the initial geometry, and thereafter, only calculations of gradients are required. This integrator can be considered either as a generalization of Hessian-based predictor–corrector integration with substantial improvement of accuracy and efficiency or as a dynamics on interpolated surfaces that are built on the fly. An automatic correction scheme is implemented by comparing the interpolated energies and gradients to the actual ones to ensure the quality of the interpolations at a certain level. The tests in this work show that the REAP method can increase computational efficiency by more than one order of magnitude than that of the velocity Verlet integrator and more than twice that of Hessian-based predictor–corrector integration.
Energy assessment methods for solar chimney in buildings: A review
Authors: Li Wenyuan , Liu Jilong , Zhang Guomin , Wang Qingyuan , Shi Long
Published: August 2021

Solar chimneys as cost-effective renewable energy systems offer significant energy saving in buildings through the enhanced natural ventilation. Previous studies have focused on the fluid dynamics of the solar chimney itself. Still, few studies were found in the literature on its assessment on the energy performance in buildings, such as addressing how many percentages of energy can be saved based on it in buildings. This is mainly due to the relevant challenges of the assessment methods, such as absent functions, modeling accuracy, experimental validation, and the capability of addressing many influencing factors. To overcome the constraints, five typical energy assessment methods were critically reviewed through this review, including hydrostatic pressure, thermal network, zonal model, theoretical/empirical models, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. This is the first review paper specified for the energy assessment methods of solar chimneys. The major influencing factors of solar chimney include configuration, installation conditions, material usage, and environment. The current energy assessments for solar chimneys are primarily based on the thermal network and zonal model (or the combination) but not CFD modeling. The current challenge for hydrostatic pressure analysis is its applications in multiple chambers, especially with those large openings (e.g., doors and windows). The thermal network could overcome this challenge, but its modeling accuracy and generality still require effort. Due to many influencing factors, a single assessment method may not be viable for practical implementation. Future research on energy assessment could be in several directions, such as a combined zonal and CFD modeling, the validity and uncertainty of those energy assessments in practical building applications, and detailed and comprehensive experimental tests for the validation.