bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A methodology for measuring safety performance
Authors: Neves Lázaro Luiz
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a methodology for calculating an airport’s level of safety performance. An airport administration needs to know the airside level of safety performance in place in its airport in order to follow the civil aviation authority’s requirements. The methodology is based on three basic ideas. The first states that safety performance can be achieved through a monitoring process on a limited group of indicators. The second affirms that each safety performance indicator (SPI) has a specific weight over the whole safety performance, and the third states that it is possible to calculate SPI performance based on the advance toward a previously established target. To explain the method, an example is presented in this paper, based on Brazilian civil aviation data, showing that when a relevant set of airports SPI is defined it is possible to estimate the level of safety performance (LoSP), to function as a safety parameter as defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization. The use of this methodology will facilitate the task of airport managers and safety regulatory authorities in finding a more accurate and quantifiable definition of what the airport’s acceptable LoSP is.
The United States civil engineer transformation initiative : A case study of successfully leading CRE organisational change management
Authors: Mitchell Thomas L.
Published: July 2024

Corporate real estate (CRE) constitutes a large percentage of fixed assets of an organisation. Changing economic, regulatory and financial situations causes organisations to undertaken corporate reorganisation and restructuring. The Air Force Director of Civil Engineers — the CRE director for the United States Air Force — is responsible for providing facilities, infrastructure and installation support functions at a total of over 180 US Air Force (AF) bases worldwide with an annual budget over US$11bn. This paper provides a case study of three successive AF Civil Engineer directors who, faced with a 30 per cent annual operating budget reduction and a 20 per cent reduction in workforce, led the effort to conduct a whole organisational change management intervention which successfully transformed the systematic manner in which 60,000 personnel provided installation facility and infrastructure technical services across large, geographically separated real estate portfolios located in the US, Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East. The paper provides a review of the literature on the organisation leadership theories delineating the behavioural actions of each director, which give information on their ability to lead and manage change as the chief executive decision maker of a mechanistic organisation, bound by a common cultural connection. Through the supplemental use of a retrospective interview, coupled with a literary review and an experiential perspective, the study examines the organisation leadership behaviour actions and the practical application of organisational change management theoretical concepts by each director in turn, resulting in the successful execution of the Air Force civil engineer transformation initiative during one of the most fiscally uncertain periods in modern Air Force history.
Cyber security culture as a strategic asset
Authors: Schmitz Glendon
Published: July 2024

Governments and companies rely heavily on information technology (IT) to perform even the most basic functions of the business. The technology is, however, only a piece of an overall strategy that must be considered for success. The need for a strong cyber security culture is an equally vital part. So how does the modern cyber security professional create, nurture and sustain such a culture across the organisation? With over 69 per cent of cyber-aware trained employees knowingly bypassing security controls to conduct their critical business functions and achieve their objectives quicker, the answer to a more secure environment is not just the addition of more security technology, but cultivating a culture of cyber judgment to empower and enable the business to fulfil its mission in the most secure way possible without hindering outcomes. This paper delves into the importance of cyber security in today’s digital landscape, and suggests ways to overcome the challenges and develop a successful cyber security culture as a strategic asset.
From pixels to Python: When digital collections befriend artificial intelligence
Authors: Bakker Rebecca , Castro Molly
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in digital archive practices and its alignment with the methodologies employed in digital scholarship generally. The authors emphasise that AI is an extension of the ways existing technological tools and software are used to enhance workflows, manage data and promote overall accessibility. Various applications of AI in digital archiving are explored, including automated file management, voice-to-text transcription, optical character recognition (OCR), facial recognition in digitised photographs, social media engagement and metadata creation for digital records. While acknowledging concerns regarding ethics, accuracy and privacy, the authors argue that embracing aspects of AI can lead to more efficient and enjoyable practices in digital archiving. Drawing from the core principles of digital humanities, the authors underscore the importance of conscientiously engaging with technology, allowing for a profound respect for and responsible use of AI. The paper concludes by emphasising the importance of maintaining critical inquiry, curiosity and ethical considerations when assessing and integrating AI tools into archival workflows, thus ensuring trustworthy and accessible records for future digital scholarship. Looking ahead, the paper offers insights into the prospective advancements of AI in digital archiving, highlighting its transformative potential in shaping future digital scholarship.
Seven ways nonprofits can leverage digital asset management
Authors: Smith Kristy , Stevens Brentine
Published: July 2024

Having a DAM system is invaluable to any organisation. Streamlining the creative process and saving time with self-service gives us the opportunity to reallocate resources and focus on our strategic marketing efforts.
Inclusive ethical AI in human–computer interaction in autonomous vehicles
Authors: Jamthe Sudha , Viswanath Yashaswini , Lokiah Suresh
Published: July 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) used in autonomous vehicles (AV) to check for driver alertness is a critical piece of technology that makes the decision to hand over control to the human if there is a disengagement of the autonomous capability. It is important that this AI be inclusive without bias, because treating drivers differently will have an impact on the safety of humans not only in the vehicle but also on the road. This paper evaluates the AI that powers driver attention systems in the car to check if the AI treats all humans inclusively the same way beyond their ethnicity, gender and age, and whether it follows AI ethics principles of trust, transparency and fairness. Driver attention is built using two different AI models. One uses camera data to recognise humans and the other evaluates whether the human is alert. We found that both these AI models are biased and not inclusive of all people in all situations. We also found that there are unethical practices in how humans are tracked to check for alertness by using infrared sensors that track their retina movements without any concept of consent or privacy of people being tracked in the vehicles. The paper builds upon prior research on face detection outside the car and research that shows that car cognition AI does not recognise all humans on the road equally. We present research results about how the car is biased against some humans in its face identification and how the assertion of alertness of humans to hand over control during an emergency is fundamentally flawed in its definition of alertness. We recommend mitigation techniques and call for further research to build upon our work to make the AV inclusive with bias mitigation of bias in all forms of AI in AVs.
EU legal commentary: UK Court of Appeal decision in Real Estate Opportunities Ltd v Aberdeen Asset Managers Jersey Ltd and others
Authors: Gray Joanna
Published: July 2024

This short piece reports on a significant Court of Appeal decision on the relationship between, on the one hand, the confidentiality provisions in s. 348 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 — specifically those pertaining to documents and material arising out of FSA investigations into regulated firms and individuals — and, on the other hand, the need for relevant and appropriate discovery for claimants in any subsequent civil litigation involving such firms and individuals.
Meaningful key performance indicators: Real or illusory?
Authors: Jordan Brian
Published: July 2024

Whether it is measuring the performance of a service provider or providing an accurate picture of organisational performance to senior management, the real estate executive must reconsider how performance is defined, measured and managed. This paper argues that typical portfolio measurements provide managers with little actionable information, and that the specific performance of the organisation is often indiscernible from other influencing factors. To address this critical problem, a framework for implementing a robust performance management system is laid out. The paper discusses the importance of defining critical processes, building effective measures, and balancing the demands of cost, quality and schedule. A structure for linking these measurements to strategy is discussed, as is the methodology for aggregating the measurements in a way that provides appropriate visibility for the different levels of management. With these principles in mind, a truly useful balanced scorecard can be created. The effort required to build a legitimate performance management framework is extensive but necessary. Organisational survival demands key performance indicators that are predictive, actionable and concise. Simply put, without appropriate attention to performance management, corporate real estate organisations will not survive.
Innovating the RFP process: Forward-looking logistics sourcing strategies
Authors: Mueller Heather , Martinelli Andrew
Published: July 2024

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, transportation professionals have been challenged with managing intricate supply chains. Market volatility has become a major pain point, with unforeseen costs and capacity constraints creating transportation network disruption. This challenge provides the opportunity to re-evaluate existing procurement processes and carrier partnerships. While the typical time to negotiate contracts is during the request for proposal (RFP), the annual event remains costly and inefficient, often administered via e-mail and Excel spreadsheets. With no sign of a slowdown in the demand for goods, there is increased pressure on shippers and carriers to transform their transportation practices to become more efficient. Breakthrough analysed their ecosystem of over 21 million annual shipments and over US$22bn in annual transportation spend to quantify the value of selecting carriers that match network priorities and growing volume with the optimal carriers. Breakthrough found that selecting carriers that match network priorities can result in 14 per cent cost savings. Growing volume with carriers throughout rate cycles can also add additional cost savings of 2.75 per cent or US$0.08 per mile lower than other carriers. Data-driven logistics sourcing strategies that allow transportation professionals to broaden their carrier networks and secure reliable capacity are discussed in this paper.
Medical leadership and artificial intelligence: Hope or hype?
Authors: Austin Jim , Napoli Anthony , O’Neil Alan
Published: July 2024

Healthcare systems face unprecedented labour supply issues. In the United States, for example, it is estimated that 117,000 physicians left the workforce, while fewer than 40,000 joined it post-COVID. Many commentators point to artificial intelligence (AI) as the technological fix to reduce medical personnel ‘burnout’. We disagree. While AI has the potential to aid in medical decision making through its data integration capabilities, it should be seen as an adjunct to the medical care team. The larger the team and the more complex the world, the more important it is for the medical professionals to be skilled, transformational leaders. Thus, future medical leaders need more leadership development, not better analytic tools, especially in the areas of leading ‘horizontally’. Physicians are no longer just the tip of the spear in medical care but are the leaders of teams of individuals (including the patient) that make decisions by consensus. That team now includes AI as support, not ultimate decision making.
Navigating personal data rights in an increasingly digital and machine world
Authors: Serrato Jeewon Kim , Elzweig Marc , Lee Steven , Gandhi Andy
Published: July 2024

Data is the lifeblood of any modern organisation. Data also poses the fastest growing aspect of risk. Over the past few decades, the volume and types of data that are created and collected digitally and by machines have increased exponentially and distinctions have blurred between corporate and personal data. Particularly in the financial services industry, advances in how organisations collect, store and process large volumes of sensitive data make data an ever-growing asset and liability. Because questions can be expected on the quality of the underlying data or the fairness of the model, any data-driven initiative must be approached with caution and an understanding of the evolving regulatory landscape. This convergence — of exponential data growth, the introduction of new data types and processing capabilities, borderless transfers of data, and increasingly complex web of regulations — makes data risk a clear challenge for organisations and requires careful planning and execution. An integrated data risk management strategy is needed at the senior level of each organisation to strike a balance between extracting value from data and appropriately managing the associated risks. This paper explores the impact of advanced data analytics and artificial intelligence to data risk and offer key principles of a data governance programme for data-intensive projects in an increasingly digital and machine world.
The mediating role of firm risk: The case of the insurance sector in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsuyayfi Shanar Shafi , Ja'Afar Roslan , Said Rasidah Mohd , Albada Ali
Published: July 2024

This study aims to examine the mediating effect of firm risk on the relationships between board structure and firm performance. The multivariate panel data regression technique is employed to analyse the mediating impact of firm risk on 27 listed insurance companies on the Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul) from 2016 to 2021. The findings of this study indicate that firm risk partially mediates the relationship between audit independence and Tobin's Q. In contrast to the existing literature, the study reveals that boards composed of independent members may lack effectiveness in their monitoring role, leading to higher risk-taking behaviour. This paper contributes to the literature on corporate governance and firm performance by examining the association through the lens of firm risk.
The zero carbon and nearly zero energy standards in new buildings
Authors: Barnshaw Stephen
Published: July 2024

In order to write a paper about how the government exercise control of buildings with a view to making them more energy efficient it is first necessary to explore the legal structure of that control. For the purposes of this paper the current author will consider that structure as it applies in England. The legislation in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland has subtle differences that the reader will need to make themselves aware of should they be undertaking work within those jurisdictions.
Managing supply chain risk and building sustainable resilience
Authors: Alicke Knut , Fischer Julian , Strigel Anna Lena
Published: July 2024

Global production networks that took shape to optimise costs and efficiency often contain hidden vulnerabilities — and external shocks exploit those weaknesses. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed existing challenges across business operations and thrust an organisation’s ability to adapt to dramatic shifts in supply and demand into the spotlight. However, even before COVID-19, a multitude of events in recent years temporarily disrupted production at many companies. All of this is occurring against a backdrop of changing cost structures across countries and growing adoption of revolutionary digital technologies in global manufacturing. Organisations need a new approach to manage risk and build resiliency. This research highlights the many options for strengthening value chain resilience in response to risk and evaluates strategies to minimise the growing cost of disruption, including opportunities arising from new technologies, strengthening risk management capabilities and improving transparency, building redundanc, reducing product complexity, and improving the financial and operational capacity to respond to shocks and recover quickly from them.
Contemporary open plan offices as the progenitors of the future workplace
Authors: Watkins Nicholas , Everett Beau , Lalli Paul
Published: July 2024

The contemporary open plan office has been the subject of misunderstandings grounded more in norms and ideology than in the best science has to offer. Moreover, research of open plan offices is consumed with little regard for the research’s limitations and an understanding of the nuances needed for the research to have greater credibility. These include the limitations of poorly defined research settings and fragmentary research methods and analyses at the expense of a holistic understanding of the office under investigation. Unfortunately, these and other limitations reinforce a reactive and speculative stance by CRE toward office design and research. In this paper, we cover the challenges in research design and interpretation that have contributed to the ongoing debate about open plan offices and how to resolve these challenges. Then, we will share strategies to catapult CRE portfolios toward successful flexibility for the future. The strategies include mixed methods research in tandem with innovative user-based design research and delivery technologies.
Health crises due to infectious and communicable diseases : European preparedness and response tools in an international context
Authors: Mahy Patrick , Collard Jean-Marc , Gala Jean-Luc , Herman Philippe , Groof Dirk De , Quoilin Sophie , Sneyers Myriam
Published: July 2024

The combination of changes in eating habits, ways of living, globalisation, extensive travelling and the migration of millions of people around the world may be contributing to increased health risks. Certainly, health crises today are proving highly complex. More and more people are travelling and may carry with them unexpected virus vectors such as mosquitoes. Preparedness is challenging and there is a need for action plans to safeguard the growing at-risk population. Health crises can potentially affect a large proportion of the population and may lead to a significant increase in mortality or to an abnormally high death rate. This should be integrated into the general concept of national and international surveillance in order to provide a prepared response in the event of crisis. This paper provides an inventory of the relevant laws, guidelines and tools in Europe (and to a lesser degree, beyond), and proposes answers to the health crisis problems associated with infectious and communicable diseases. In crisis management, communication is an important factor to consider. This paper can serve as a tool for people involved in crisis preparedness.
AUSTRAC v Tabcorp: A case study in enforcement action by Australia’s financial crime regulator
Authors: Scott Ben
Published: July 2024

The Australian case Chief Executive of the Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre v Tabcorp (AUSTRAC v Tabcorp), which settled in 2017, was an important case in Australian regulatory history. At the time AUSTRAC v Tabcorp commenced, it was highly unusual for Australia’s financial crime regulator, AUSTRAC, to take major reporting entities to court over breaches of anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing (AML/CTF) legislation. This paper uses AUSTRAC v Tabcorp as a case study through which to examine how Australian reporting entities investigate and report on financial crime activity, and AUSTRAC’s expectations of AML/CTF programmes. The paper explains the background and context to AUSTRAC v Tabcorp, describes the main financial crime issues identified in AUSTRAC’s pleadings, summarises the key legal issues in the judgment and analyses the significance of AUSTRAC v Tabcorp from a financial crime risk perspective. Australia’s financial crime compliance framework is the subject of extensive analysis by industry and government bodies; however, the underlying criminal activity which the framework is designed to prevent is less well understood. This paper addresses both the legal issues raised by AUSTRAC v Tabcorp, and the financial crime activity disclosed in AUSTRAC’s pleadings. In this way, it provides a practical understanding of Australian financial crime compliance obligations, and the real-world consequences when these obligations are not met.
Rethinking hero archetypal branding: Investigating the effects of authenticity and flawed archetypes on brand attachment and self-congruence
Authors: Sciarrino Joann , Roberts Paige
Published: July 2024

Research by marketing and advertising scholars indicates a strong relationship between brands that reflect a consumer’s self-schema and the consumers themselves. Strong consumer–brand relationships and self-image congruity have been shown as factors that increase brand attachment, which in turn influences positive word-of-mouth and intent to buy. These concepts, however, have not been thoroughly extended into the realm of archetypal advertising and marketing. When archetypes have been examined in relation to brand attachment and self-congruity, the research has been confined to traditional, idealistic conceptualisations of archetypes. Current research indicates, however, that consumers, especially Millennials, may be yearning for authenticity in advertising and branding. A quantitative study among Millennials was conducted to determine the impact on brand attachment and self-congruency of depicting humanistic flaws for two ‘hero’ Jungian brand archetypes, Nike and Microsoft, in advertising. This paper discusses the findings of this current research, which indicates that hero brands that have implemented authenticity and flaws in advertising may drive higher levels of brand attachment, but evidence of strong self-congruity is lacking.
Developing the next-generation Don Draper
Authors: Jones Valerie K.
Published: July 2024

Technology and the proliferation of data have transformed the advertising industry. Those with digital and analytical skills are now more employable than those with ‘traditional’ advertising skills. At the same time, colleges and universities face increasing emphasis on job placement rates. Are advertising programmes providing students with the skills needed to win jobs today and become successful employees tomorrow? Today’s ‘next-generation Don Drapers’ must not only be fluent in creativity and big ideas, but also be fluent in analysis and Big Data.
Facilitating the interoperability of high-value and international payments: The ISO 20022 migration of the Eurozone
Authors: Poser Hubertus Von
Published: July 2024

The European Central Bank has launched a project to consolidate its real-time gross settlement system TARGET2 with its other settlement platforms, including its securities settlement (TARGET2 Securities) and instant payments settlement (TIPS) platforms. This consolidation will require a single gateway to access the various systems, the introduction of centralised liquidity management, and the standardisation of all messaging in accordance with the ISO 20022 universal financial industry message scheme. The project will have a significant impact on banks, affecting almost their entire payments IT infrastructure. It will also change business rules and processes, and impact on their liquidity management. Clearly, banks will have to dedicate significant resources to fulfil their obligations before the actual migration takes place in November 2021. The project follows a global trend for the migration of high-value and cross-border payments to the ISO 20022 standard, with the Dollar Zone, Sterling Zone and SWIFT all starting similar projects. This paper describes the content, the approach, the timeline and the impact of the consolidation on banks. It also illustrates why TARGET2 consolidation represents the biggest challenge since the implementation of the euro and the Single Euro Payments Area. Finally, the paper outlines the key decisions banks must make on the road to migration.
Student teachers’ experiences of online learning
Authors: Defis Nerys , Glover Alison
Published: July 2024

Teacher education is an important element of education reform currently taking place in Wales. Addressing the challenge of recruiting a high-quality teacher workforce is key. To assist in the recruitment of teachers to rural schools and to encourage those to enter the profession who might otherwise not consider teaching as a career, a new flexible and blended online teacher training offer has been available in Wales since 2020. In 2022 the first student teachers graduated from the new programme that offers a two-year part-time or employment-based route into teaching. Using a case study approach, 50 student teachers’ survey responses identified consistently high levels of satisfaction with the programme information and course materials. It is clear, however, that it takes time for students to become familiar with accessing the materials, with differing levels of satisfaction reported. This has implications for the programme’s induction process, which have since been streamlined. Student teachers reported limited engagement with forum posts. Exploring a range of possible actions to support such engagement is underway, including linking the activity to specific seminar tasks. It was also found that some student teachers are reluctant to interact with their peers during breakout room discussions. Again, this is an aspect that is continuing to be addressed. It is important to recognise that embedding new practices to increase engagement and collaboration opportunities for student teachers takes time to succeed. Since the forced online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, many education providers continue to offer this flexibility for learners and this paper contributes to understanding and improving this mode of delivery.
Occupant experience provides the next important opportunity for differentiating commercial offices
Authors: Pogue Dave , Laquidara-Carr Donna
Published: July 2024

Recent research by CBRE and Maastricht University has confirmed that green building certification is well established in the class A commercial office market in the USA, with wide use of Energy Star and LEED certification. Given the overall prevalence of green in this market, building owners and occupiers can no longer rely on their embrace of green buildings to distinguish themselves from their competitors. Instead, a focus on the impact of a building on the occupants’ health and wellbeing is emerging as the next key differentiator in class A office space, driven by how the occupant experience can increase employee satisfaction and engagement, improve productivity and reduce healthcare costs. But the industry needs to commit to gathering more evidence on how buildings impact on their occupants in order to be able to create an incentive for the market to embrace occupant experience as a critical aspect of building portfolios.
Big Data in the financial industry: Applications, potential and regulatory approaches
Authors: Wuermeling Joachim , Müller Nils
Published: July 2024

In the financial industry, the volume and complexity of data is growing exponentially. These vast amounts of data can potentially offer valuable insights that can contribute to process optimisation, risk management and decision making. Many companies in the industry, however, face the challenge of how best to leverage this data. Despite a general awareness of the significance of Big Data, there is often uncertainty surrounding the optimal use of this data for practical applications. This paper summarises the existing real-world applications, especially those with implications for financial stability, and highlights the specific benefits of Big Data in the financial sector. The paper comments on the role and implications of Big Data regulation from the perspective of a regulatory authority. It shows that artificial intelligence (AI)-driven Big Data processing has expanded from customer interfaces to banks’ back ends. Numerous use cases exist along the value chain within the financial sector, including at central banks. Big Data offers both opportunities and risks for the financial system as a whole. The paper thus also emphasises the importance of striking a balance with regard to regulating AI. Overall, the paper argues that the effective use of Big Data has the potential to enable the financial industry to cultivate better efficiency in business practices and ensure greater resilience in the financial system.
Provincial incident command system: Manitoba’s response to the COVID-19 Omicron wave
Authors: Matear David
Published: July 2024

This paper describes how the Government of Manitoba employed the incident command system (ICS) to support its COVID-19 response from March 2020 to March 2022. The paper describes how the system evolved during this period to optimise the efficiency and effectiveness of emergency response and recovery efforts. The paper supports a more comprehensive implementation of the ICS to manage emergency and recovery effectively, with specific reference to the Omicron wave of the pandemic.
Helsinki Airport's development programme: Expanding an airport under one roof
Authors: Järvelä Timo , Nurminen Martti
Published: July 2024

Finavia's ten-year Helsinki Airport Development Programme is about to be finalised in 2023. The major extension will allow the airport to serve 30 million passengers annually. How has the EUR1bn programme been managed so as to expand the terminal under one roof while functioning continuously? Models such as Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) and Operational Readiness and Airport Transfer (ORAT) were implemented to successfully manage the various projects. This paper shares Finavia's insights of using the chosen models in managing a large extension programme at the Helsinki Airport.
Lessons learned from monitoring the costs of international remittances and global efforts to lower costs
Authors: Ardic Oya P. , Natarajan Harish
Published: July 2024

International remittances constitute an important source of income in many developing economies. However, the cost of a remittance transaction can be high, especially relative to the amount sent and the incomes of migrants and receiving families. As such, reducing the cost of remittances has been a part of the international development agenda. This paper provides an account of the development of targets for remittance cost reduction in the international fora, and the ongoing efforts for monitoring remittance costs. In doing so, the paper describes the World Bank-managed Remittance Prices Worldwide database, which has become the primary tool for measuring progress towards the remittances targets, along with the lessons the World Bank has learned from developing and managing this database. The paper also discusses specific country-level actions that have been effective in improving the remittances market and services, with a focus on small states where remittance costs remain higher than the global average.
Content aggregation as a means to identify trends: The case of the iPhone 5s
Authors: Hodson Jaigris , Wilkes Gilbert V. , Daellenbach Chris
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses how the inherent problem of information overload in online market research can be solved through the aggregation and curation of syndicated sources to support social media listening. Using a case study approach, the research employs crowdsourcing and content curation to pre-filter a sample of blog posts related to a product launch. Drawing text data from influential blog posts related to the release of the iPhone 5s, the authors use sentiment analysis to understand how influencers feel about the product. The use of sentiment proves to be a useful tactic for market researchers, as discussed in the literature about product reviews; however, rich data context can be gained if data are pre-filtered using the wisdom of online communities prior to performing sentiment analysis. Given that these methods do not require complex or expensive software, the findings of this research may prove especially useful to market researchers working for organisations with smaller budgets. That said, the content aggregation approach may work better for some products than others as it requires a community of active individuals for effective content aggregation and curation prior to data collection and analysis.
SESAR: Future-proofing Europe’s Airports
Authors: Guillermet Florian , Garbini Massimo
Published: July 2024

A well-functioning and efficient Air Traffic Management (ATM) system is a vital element for the sustainability of global aviation. That is why SESAR (Single European Sky Air Traffic Management Research) was founded in 2007 in order to modernise and harmonise ATM systems through the definition, development and deployment of innovative technological and operational solutions. Today, SESAR consists of two pillars: The SESAR Joint Undertaking (SJU), a public–private partnership, which pools together the knowledge and resources of the entire ATM community in order to research and validate new technological solutions. These solutions are then handed over to the SESAR Deployment Manager, comprised of a group of air navigation service providers, airports and airlines, whose role is to deliver them into everyday operations across Europe.
Cash demand in times of crisis
Authors: Rösl Gerhard , Seitz Franz
Published: July 2024

This paper focuses on the role of specific types of crisis (technological crisis, financial market crisis, natural disaster) and their effects on the demand for cash in an international context. As evidence from the last 30 years shows, demand for cash increases during periods of crisis, regardless of the nature of the crisis. The nature of the crisis does, however, determine whether small or large banknote denominations are affected more. This study finds that times of payment uncertainties are associated with increased demand for small denominations, probably reflecting an elevated demand for transaction balances. By contrast, in times of financial crisis or general economic uncertainty, the increased demand for cash is largely the result of consumers taking precautionary actions and building up non-transaction balances; for this reason, there is greater demand for large banknote denominations. This study finds that cash continues to play an important role in crisis management. Whether this function can also be fulfilled by a future central bank digital currency, however, remains to be seen.
Leading change: Building a resilient development office through succession planning
Authors: Traub Alison , Golding Ben , Laur Lauren
Published: July 2024

When high rates of employee turnover resist mitigation efforts, a new strategy is needed for overcoming the ill effects of poor employee retention. This paper aims to describe the efforts undertaken by Cambridge University Office of Development and Alumni Relations (Cambridge) to develop a succession plan for key positions. The steps they implemented form a framework that can help development offices increase their resilience and maintain equilibrium amidst the uncertainty and inconsistency of turnover. It provides insights into advancement offices' need for strategy, transparency and flexibility to thrive in an increasingly volatile job market.
The road to making regulation more efficient: A case study in the application of best practices and data standards in regulatory reporting
Authors: Shah Beju
Published: July 2024

The aim of this paper is to examine how the shape of regulatory data collection may change in the future and what might need to be done by regulators to set solid foundations in the short to medium term that can be used for innovation in the future. The paper identifies 23 best practices and key standards that can be deployed by regulators to help meet those best practices. The paper details where and how the Bank of England aligns to these best practices and what data standards the organisation has deployed. This paper could serve as a guide for regulators on the application of best practices and data standards to how data can be collected more efficiently over time and also for regulated financial institutions on the expectations they could have on their regulators.
Retrofitting Sir Basil Spence’s Canongate housing : Balancing conservation and energy efficiency
Authors: Abercrombie Scott , Lantschner Barbara , Target Hugo
Published: July 2024

The Canongate project is a complex conservation and energy efficiency project, involving a large group of owners and leaseholders and support from a number of grant funders. It was a pilot project for the delivery of sensitive retrofit works within the World Heritage Site, and as such faced significant scrutiny. The formation and communication of this group was supported by Edinburgh World Heritage. The team adopted an evidence-based design methodology to justify decision making throughout the retrofit design process, and to allow us to present a clear logic, helping to build consensus among a wide range of owners and interests. This paper describes the variety of survey and analysis methods adopted as part of the Canongate project and discusses how these shaped the project approach. It also explores the tension between the often competing interests of conservation and energy efficiency, and the challenges faced in delivering an effective deep retrofit project without diminishing the significance of a historic site.
Anticipating ‘The Big One’: Developing decision support with emergency managers to mitigate flood impacts
Authors: Asherman Jacob , Bates Brad , Flynn Whitney , Erickson Michael , Lamers Alex
Published: July 2024

Flooding from excessive rainfall remains a major weather hazard with respect to lives and property. The US National Weather Service Weather Prediction Center and National Water Center work continuously and collaboratively to produce accurate and timely forecasts of potential flooding disasters for the public. This paper explores their ongoing efforts to mitigate flood impacts with enhanced impact-based decision support services, via the Excessive Rainfall Outlook (ERO) and Flood Inundation Mapping (FIM) services. Future directions for precipitation and flood inundation forecasting are also discussed. Through the ERO and FIM services, the National Weather Service hopes to strengthen collaboration with partners in the weather industry, emergency management and water resources management to develop weather, water and climate readiness in communities around the nation.
The case for localised, decentralised supply chains
Authors: Kinder Mike
Published: July 2024

Reshoring is picking up steam for a reason: supply chain companies in the US are realising that further globalisation comes with trade-offs that have been revealed to be more costly than anticipated in the long run. Globalist pressures to move manufacturing out of the US and further centralise control over the decisions made in the supply chain are an enemy that must be stopped if the US values the sovereignty of the nation, the purpose of the supply chain’s work and the future of supply chain businesses. Luckily, advances in manufacturing technology favour a decentralised approach that prioritises localisation, customisation and reduced waste. This approach would be more likely to achieve the reported economic aims of the globalist agenda, without requiring US businesses to cede decision-making power to plutocrats or submit to inferiority in productive capacity under a globalist vision for the future.
Curation is also part of management: A case for considering digital curation in digital asset management
Authors: Mcgovern Megan
Published: July 2024

Digital asset management in for-profit corporations could benefit from greater consideration for digital curation activities, which are a significant concern in not-for-profits. Digital curation need not be central to the operations of digital asset management in a for-profit environment, but its activities can still be beneficial to the organisation. This paper will present a general introduction to the topic of digital curation, with an argument for its relevance to the corporate world and a call for greater attention to this subject.
Above ground damp proofing: How to improve detailing: Part 1 – Solid plaster frontal masking systems
Authors: Burkinshaw Ralph F.
Published: July 2024

It's not usually too difficult to spot locations of failure in damp proofing masking plaster. There is commonly staining, salt damage, rusting of embedded beads etc. Such failure is extremely frustrating for clients — usually home owners. It requires additional gears of knowledge and experience to be able to exactly understand the causes of failure — and getting to the bottom of the defect may sometimes require localised opening up. Having understood the cause of failure, the next hurdle is devising a remedial package to put things right. Putting things right is of course more difficult than installing a more reliable system in the first place. The sketch details in this paper show examples of failure and also of good practice. When commissioning damp proofing, the author strongly advises that a client insists on obtaining as much information as possible concerning detailing of the installation — so the sketch details and advice contained in this paper should prove invaluable. You will also come to appreciate when studying the various detailing options, that achieving more reliable damp proofing will require a more skilled approach, closer supervision of the work, and will take longer — and of course be more costly.
Navigating the EU regulatory landscape for payments
Authors: Casanova John , Savoie Max
Published: July 2024

Navigating EU regulation can be a daunting prospect for any firm operating in the payments sector. However, recent and upcoming changes have made understanding the EU regulatory landscape more important than ever. A firm’s ability to keep abreast of such changes, assess their potential impact on its business and develop and implement plans to adapt to new requirements can be a key factor in its overall success or failure in European markets. This paper provides an overview of the following topics and examines their relevance to firms operating in the payments sector: the revised Payment Services Directive (PSD2); the Interchange Fee Regulation (IFR); regulation of cryptocurrencies and other cryptoassets; other EU regulation relevant to payment service providers and systems; and the impact of the UK’s departure from the EU (Brexit).
Identifying and mitigating ‘conduct risk’ in algorithmic FICC trading
Authors: Culley Alexander
Published: July 2024

From 31st March, 2021, pursuant to the Senior Managers and Certification Regime (SMCR), British investment firms are required to have performed their first fitness and propriety assessments of persons overseeing the deployment of trading algorithms. Inherent in this requirement is an assumption that natural persons will continue to play the leading role in algorithmic design and calibration for the foreseeable future. Popular non-fiction works), however, are evocative of a future dominated by artificial intelligence with significant levels of autonomy. Building on his recent review of the extant literature concerning conduct risks and their mitigation in algorithmic trading (AT) firms (Culley, 2020), the author proposes a research agenda to assess if initiatives such as the SMCR are considerate of new conduct risks that could emerge in the machine age. Favouring a pragmatic epistemology that the author asserts is consistent with the Financial Conduct Authority’s (FCA) own approach to regulation, the author suggests three possible research strategies (case studies, mixed methods and action research) that could be employed by researchers interested in this topic, before settling on what the author considers to be the most suitable strategy for his own study. In addition, the author provides details on the primary data (elite interviews, focus groups) and secondary data collection techniques that will be utilised, together with an insight into appropriate sampling and data analysis methods. While the author plans to use this research agenda in the context of AT in the fixed income, currencies and commodities markets because of the dearth of studies in this area, it is hoped that it will inspire other scholars to conduct examinations into the conduct risks posed by the automation so that both policymakers and firms can make informed decisions regarding their mitigation in the future.
How real-time analytics changes the face of the sports betting industry
Authors: Pearson Andrew W.
Published: July 2024

Sports books are turning to technology to help with risk management, customer experience, social media interaction and spotting fraudulent activity. This paper looks at the differences between the latest data warehousing technology, delving into the pros and cons of data lakes, streaming and in-memory technology, as well as analytics. The paper provides a roadmap of how to utilise these technologies to increase customer acquisition, engagement, segmentation and player profiling. It also describes the creation of a risk management engine to help sports books hedge their positions. Finally, it discusses how social media marketing can be utilised not to only drive engagement but also increase a sports book's revenue.
Experiences from the Dutch instant payment project: From 0 to 289 million in one year
Authors: Beers Frans C. Van , Dijk Inge P. J. H. Van
Published: July 2024

In May 2015 the leading Dutch banks announced their ambition to offer instant payments (IP) to the Dutch market in four years. The complex and innovative programme, led by the Dutch Payments Association, delivered, in mid-2019, a new IP infrastructure that has now become one of the fastest growing IP environments, with over 289 million interbank IP transactions processed in its first year (April 2019–March 2020). This paper looks back on that period and focuses on the elements that, in our view, were important to the successful introduction of this new payments infrastructure. The challenges, dilemmas and the rationale for the decision of the Dutch banking community to organise the IP project are described. The journey towards achieving all the set goals by means of a clear joint effort from the Dutch payments community was intense and rewarding. IP is expected to become the new normal for SEPA payments in the years to come, provided that some hurdles to full interoperability and reachability in SEPA will be overcome. This paper aims to share insights that may be useful to other parties that are considering introducing IP or that want to push a similar transition from conventional credit transfers towards a 24/7 available, interbank IP backbone (See figure 1 for actual transaction volumes on this new IP backbone).