bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the physicochemical properties of dehydrated artisanal cheese during storage
Authors: Calis-Pérez Carlos Jair , Domínguez-Niño Alfredo , Urrea-García Galo Rafael , Luna-Solano Guadalupe
Published: January 2019

Artisanal fresh cheese is a type of cheese from Hispanic origin and one of the most consumed; however, its shelf life is short due to of its pH is close to neutrality, high aw and low salt content. The fluidized bed drying was employed as an efficient alternative to fresh cheese; however, in order to achieve the desired shelf life in a product, it is necessary to study different packaging and storage conditions that will depend on the specific characteristics of the product. A design of factorial experiments 23 was adopted, the storage study was carried out for 90 days, studying two qualitative variables: type of packaging and type of atmosphere in the packaging, and one quantitative variable: drying temperature. Keywords: Dehydrated cheese; storage; water activity; type of packing.
The effect of drying on the mechanical properties and structure of biodegradable films
Authors: Rosa Gabriela Silveira da , Vanga Sai , Gariepy Yvan , Raghavan Vijaya
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of convective and vacuum drying on properties of biodegradable films. The film-forming solutions were prepared with bovine gelatin and carrageenan. The films solutions were dried in convective and vacuum dryers at temperatures of 40, 50 and 60 oC. The results of convective drying kinetics of biofilms showed a constant drying rate period followed by a falling drying rate period. The results of thickness showed dependence with moisture content present in films.Carrageenan films showed promising results, with high values of tensile strength and elongation for convective drying at 60 oC. Keywords: gelatin; carrageenan; drying; biofilm
Production of dry-cured pork loin using water vapour permeable bags
Authors: Fuentes Ana , Verdú S. , Fuentes C. , Grau R. , Barat J. M.
Published: January 2019

The aim of the present study was to develop an alternative method to the traditional curing process using water vapour permeable bags to obtain a dry-cured pork loin product. The dry-cured pork loins obtained by this mew process showed an adequate hygienic quality and good sensory acceptance. The salting-curing process using water permeable bags requires less manipulation, reduces waste generation and allows greater control during processing. This technique could be an interesting alternative to the traditional processes, improving the hygienic quality of the products and minimizing the environmental impact.Keywords: Dry-cured loin; Salting; Water vapour permeable bags; Physicochemical properties; Sensory.
Modeling of atmospheric freeze-drying for sliced fruit
Authors: Nakagawa Kyuya , Horie Akane , Kobayashi Takashi
Published: January 2019

A mathematical model that simulates atmospheric freeze-drying for apple slices was developed based on the classical mass and heat balance equations. When operated above the glass transition temperature, product shrinkage and micro-collapse due to the glass-rubber transition occurred. So, instead of assuming formation of dried and frozen zones, a glassy matrix with particular vapor pressure was assumed. Apparent vapor pressure of apple slices in the glassy state was experimentally measured and summarized in a diagram, and the values in this diagram were employed for the simulation. This approach well predicted drying kinetics with reasonable accuracy with simplified equations. Keywords: atmospheric freeze-drying; food; mathematical model; glassy state
Process intensification and process control in freeze-drying
Authors: Barresi Antonello A , Pisano Roberto
Published: January 2019

Widespread use of advanced process control allows reduction of costs, by reducing drying time and energy consumption. The “control of the freezing stage” (by forced nucleation) also appears to be beneficial to process intensification, as it can impact the product structure and modify the product resistance to mass transfer. An alternative way to increase the drying rate is the use of organic solvents as they can lead to larger solvent crystals, hence lower product resistance to vapor flow. Atmospheric freeze-drying may be a good alternative to vacuum freeze-drying, as a way of increasing process efficiency. A further improvement can be obtained by combining atmospheric or vacuum freeze-drying with new technologies. A further step towards process intensification is given by continuous plants, as this allows a dramatic increase in throughput and product quality uniformity. Keywords: freeze-drying; process intensification; controlled nucleation; continuous process.
Hybrid cylinder dryer for the drying of sheet-form materials with hot air
Authors: Kim Sung Il , Oh Sang Hyun , Chun Won Pyo , Park Ki Ho , Yu Byoung Hyuk
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we introduce a novel energy-efficient dryer that uses hot air as a combined heating method of heat conduction and convection heat transfer. The dryer consisting of rotary cylinders and arched jackets is structurally different from conventional dryers. We designed and built a hybrid 4-cylinder dryer for sheet-form materials. The energy consumption to evaporate unit water is about 930 kcal/kg moisture from the experimental results of a hybrid 4-cylinder dryer. The hybrid 4-cylinders dryer has a compact structure with about 1/3 of the size of a conventional dryer for the drying of sheet-form materials. Keywords: Dryer; Hot Air; Sheet-form; Energy Efficiency; Hybrid
Organic apples (cv. Elstar) quality evaluation during hot-air drying using Vis/NIR hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Shrestha Luna , Moscetti Roberto , Crichton Stuart , Hensel Oliver , Sturm Barbara
Published: January 2019

Organic dried apples are common snacks fulfilling functional as well as nutritional aspects. However, appearance of dried slices does not always satisfy consumer requirements, thus, improvements are needed. In this study, partial least squares (PLS) regression models were successfully developed to monitor changes in colour and moisture content in apple slices during the drying process over the Vis/NIR spectral range. The regression vector analysis results suggested that features at 580, 750 and 970 nm are better for predicting moisture content, while 580 and 680 nm allow to measure the (a*/b*) colour ratio.   Keywords: Drying; Dried apple slices; Moisture content; Colour; PLSR modelling
Physicochemical parameters and consumer acceptance in espresso and american coffee pods
Authors: Parrado Lina Ximena , Bahamon Andrés Felipe , Gutierrez Nelson
Published: January 2019

This study presents the consumer acceptance of coffee beverages made from espresso coffee pods (CCE) and american coffee pods (CCA), six quality attributes were evaluated by a sensory panel conformed to judges of different experience level. A physicochemical characterization was made for the coffee powder in CCA and CCE. The beverage preparation via different machines was made for to observe the influence on the consumers acceptance. The coffee powder in CCA showed high aw and high moisture content, this factors should affect the consumer perception; in general, a low acceptance level of coffee beverages made from CCE and CCA was observed, maybe because of the strong habit of consuming filtered coffees. Keywords: Coffee; Espresso; American; sensory; physiochemical.
Effects of thermal intermittence on fruit characteristics and drying time in convective drying of mango (Mangifera indica L.)
Authors: Mauro Maria Aparecida , Amado Laís Ravazzi , Silva Keila Souza
Published: January 2019

This study investigated the influence of the intermittent drying conditions on drying kinetics and on color and carotenoid retention of mangoes. The drying conditions were 95°C (40 min) and 80°C (40 min) in the first stage combined with 70°C and 60°C in the second stage, and continuous drying (70°C and 60°C) as control. Drying time was reduced by thermal intermittence and carotenoid retention was more affected by temperature than drying time. The results also highlighted the carotenoid sensitivity to 70°C temperature, showing the importance of limiting the temperature of the mango to 60°C during the two drying stages.Keywords: Intermittent drying; thermal intermittence; carotenoid; color.
Modeling and simulation of intermittent drying of high moisture foods
Authors: Mauro Maria Aparecida , Filippin Ana Paula , Tada Érika Fernanda Rezendes , Thomeo João Claudio
Published: January 2019

This study aimed at the modeling and simulation of intermittent drying to be applied to highly deformable moist foods such as apples. Mass transport modeling considered two stages: the first at 95, 85 and 75ºC air temperatures, and the second at 60ºC. The shrinkage was correlated with the sample moisture and included in the model that was solved by the finite differences method. The first stage temperatures affected the water diffusivity in the second stage. This model was suitable for simulating the water profiles during the two-stage intermittent drying, showing an efficient fitting to the experimental data. Keywords: thermal intermittence; coefficient diffusion effective; shrinkage; apple drying.
Development of cost-effective protocol for preparation of dehydrated paneer (Indian cottage cheese) using freeze drying
Authors: Sharma Sadhana , Nema P. H. , Emanuel N. , Singha S.
Published: January 2019

Nowadays, there is high consumer demand in the market for simple to prepare, convenient, healthy and natural foods. Paneer or Indian cottage cheese is an acid and heat coagulated milk product which serves as a rich source of animal proteins for the vegetarians. Due to high moisture content (58-60 %), it is highly perishable in nature. Drying of paneer would undoubtedly extend the shelf life of paneer and also help in value-addition of paneer. Dehydrated paneer would find numerous ways to be use.  Drying of paneer by conventional methods poses threats including case-hardening and non-uniform incomplete drying, poor rehydration characteristics, longer drying time, yellow discoloration and oiling off during drying. Freeze drying remains the best in retaining the quality of dried food products.  Though it is highly expensive due to high processing and operation costs. The present study focuses on developing cost-effective protocol for freeze-drying of paneer. Efforts have been made by use of pre-treatments prior subjecting to freeze drying. The dehydrated product would be shelf-stable and can be rehydrated to its original state having flavor and texture comparable to the fresh form. Moreover, the final product after rehydration would be more fresh and softer than its frozen counterparts. The developed product would be easily kept well for few years at room temperature without any addition of preservatives.Keywords: Paneer; freeze-drying; color; rehydration ratio; pre-treatment
Microbial load reduction using modified Solar Conduction Dryer with composite filters
Authors: Jadhav P. , Ashokkumar S. , Nagwekar N.
Published: January 2019

The present work studies the microbial load reduction in sapota and beet root by three different drying methods i.e. Open Sun Drying (OSD), Solar Conduction Drying (SCD) and a modified SCD with filters (SCDF). Parameters analyzed were water activity, moisture content, drying kinetics, Total Viable Counts, Total Fungal Counts and ash content. It was found that the samples dried in SCDF showed least microbial counts, faster drying times and lower ash content as comparison to OSD. This study shows that SCD and its modification provide a better alternative for low cost drying of fruits and vegetables for quality retention. Keywords: Microbial reduction; SCD Filters; Sapota; Beetroot
Identification of key factors determining the surface oil concentration of encapsulated lipid particles produced by spray drying
Authors: Linke Annika , Balke Tobias , Kohlus Reinhard
Published: January 2019

Potential factors leading to surface oil were investigated by analyzing the impact of emulsion properties, atomization and drying conditions separately. An increased oil load, droplet size and in particular the size of droplet aggregates led to significant more surface oil. Increasing the viscosity, inlet temperature and relative humidity resulted in larger particles with a higher encapsulation efficiency. The results indicate that the probability of oil droplets being in contact with the particle surface determines the amount of surface oil. Oil diffusion towards the surface was excluded due to the short residence times and high viscosities. Keywords: microencapsulation; encapsulation efficiency; emulsion properties; atomization; drying conditions
Determination and modelling of the particle size dependent residence time distribution in a pilot plant spray dryer
Authors: Ruprecht Nora Alina , Kohlus Reinhard
Published: January 2019

The residence time distribution (RTD) in a pilot plant spray dryer was characterised for two kinds of air distributors (centrifugal and parallel flow) and for different atomizing air pressures. To determine the RTD - and the RTD of different particle size fractions - the particle concentration and size at the dryer outlet was measured continuously using a particle counter. Results were modelled using the Bodenstein number and the CSTR in series model. An increasing nozzle pressure leads to a decrease in mean residence time and a more narrow distribution. The influence of nozzle pressure is more pronounced than of air distributor and particle size fraction. Keywords: Residence time distribution; Particle size; Bodenstein number modelling; Nozzle influence; Mechanism of air distribution
Supercritical CO2 drying of food matrices
Authors: Spilimbergo S. , Zambon A. , Vizzotto T. M. , Morbiato G. , Toffoletto M. , Poloniato G. , Dall’Acqua S. , De Bernard M.
Published: January 2019

This work explore the use of supercritical CO2 drying as alternative technique for the obtainment of pasteurized and high quality dried product. Several tests were conducted on animal, vegetable and fruit matrixes in order to investigate the effectiveness of SC-CO2 drying process at different process conditions. Design of experiment was performed to find the optimal process conditions for vegetable and fruit matrices, using the final water activity of the products as key indicator for the drying efficiency. The inactivation of naturally present microorganisms and inoculated pathogens demonstrated the capability of SC-CO2 drying process to assure a safe product. Moreover, retention of nutrients was compared with conventional drying methods. Results suggest that supercritical drying is a promising alternative technology for food drying. Keywords: supercritical drying; carbon dioxide; food drying; microbial inactivation
Experimental investigation of drying of malt bagasse
Authors: Rosa G. S. , Zorzi B. D. , Machry K. , Krolow P. , Moura C. M. , Oliveira E. G.
Published: January 2019

The aim of this work was to investigate the convective drying process of malt bagasse and to evaluate the influence of this process on the application of this residue as adsorbent in methylene blue removel by adsorption process. The experimental system for drying was a fixed bed dryer with parallel airflow, with operating conditions: air temperature in the range of 40 to 90 oC and air veocity of 2 m/s. The adsorption experiments were perfomed with solution of methylene blue at 70 ppm concentration. The drying kinetics showed a constant drying rate period followed by a falling drying rate. The results obtained for the dye removal efficiency were 56% for in natura sample and in the range of 81.69% to 93.99% for dried samples.Keywords: dryin; malt bagasse; adsorption
Aroma retention during drying of caja-umbu fruit pulp
Authors: Narain Narendra , Fontes Anderson Santos , Leite-Neta Maria Terezinha Santos , Matos Patricia Nogueira , Araújo Hannah Caroline Santos , Jesus Monica Silva , Rajkumar G.
Published: January 2019

This study was aimed to obtain and characterize the dried powder of cajá-umbu (Spondias spp) fruit pulp obtained by spray-drying and lyophilization. Spray-drying of the pulp was done at different temperatures. Analysis of bioactive compounds and volatile compounds was performed. The total phenolic compounds content was high in the dried powder obtained at the temperature of 140 °C. The volatiles analysis of dried powders revealed  that the powder dried at  140°C contained a larger number of compounds. The cajá-umbu powder showed that it is a better alternative for storage and conservation since it retained the majority of volatile compounds. Keywords: Cajá-umbu, volatile compounds, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry.
Blackberry pulp microencapsulation with arrowroot starch and gum arabic mixture by spray drying and freeze drying
Authors: De Oliveira Rafael Augustus , Nogueira Gislaine Ferreira , Fakhouri Farayde Matta
Published: January 2019

The objective of this research work was to obtain blackberry pulp powder (BL, without encapsulating agent) and microencapsulated blackberry pulp (ML, with encapsulating agent :mixture of starch arrowroot and gum arabic (1:1)) obtained by freeze drying and spray drying and evaluate their physico-chemical properties. The yield of blackberry freeze drying process was higher than the value found for spray drying process. The presence of encapsulating agent and drying method used for producing the powders influenced the average particle size, diameter, hygroscopicity, solubility, wettability and anthocyanin content of the powders. Keywords: process yield; average size; hygroscopicity; solubility; anthocyanin; antioxidant property
Finish drying and surface sterilization of bay leaves by microwaves
Authors: Sutar Parag Prakash , Kapoor Ashish
Published: January 2019

Bay leaves (Laurus nobilis L.) refers to aromatic leaves which are native to minor regions of Asia. In order to extend the shelf life of the bay leaves its water activity and the surface micro-organisms were reduced using microwave heating at different power densities in the range 32.14 to 142.85 Wg-1. Treatment time at each power level was maintained constant at 150 s. The maximum reduction in water activity and moisture content occurred at highest power density. The heating time-temperature profile was obtained at all  power levels. TPC, color change and browning index (BI) of bay leaves were measured in order to determine the effect of microwave treatment on microbial reduction and quality. The highest reduction in TPC was found in leaves heated at 142.85 Wg-1 power density along with acceptable quality parameters of the treated bay leaves. Keywords: Bay leaves; Microwave heating; TPC; Colour change
Drying of sugarcane bagasse in a partially filled horizontal drum
Authors: Tada Érika Fernanda Rezendes , Bück Andreas , Casciatori Fernanda Perpétua , Thoméo João Cláudio
Published: January 2019

One-phase model have been reported to describing the simultaneous heat and mass transfer in a horizontal drum partially filled by sugarcane bagasse with attention to the loss of water promoted by the increase of temperature. Mass and energy balances were written in MatLab language and solved by finite difference method. Predicted temporal and spatial profiles of moisture content and temperature are shown. Experimental tests were carried out in a horizontal drum and the temporal profiles were obtained. Great adjustments between experimental and predicted data were observed, indicating that the model is able to describe the transport phenomena in this system. Keywords: horizontal drum; heat and mass balances; sugarcane bagasse; solid-state fermentation process
Drying conditions and analysis of physicochemical characteristics of Capsicum pubescens
Authors: Ramírez-Martínez Alejandra , Sánchez-García Consuelo , Del Ángel-Coronel Óscar Ándres , Paniagua-Martínez Ingrid , Luna-Solano Guadalupe
Published: January 2019

Capsicum pubescens, a chili specie present in south Mexico (Veracruz state) registers upon 30% loss due to the constraints of the market. Therefore, the objective of this project was to determine the physical and chemical parameters of Capsicum pubescens as well as to evaluate the kinetics of drying of this species. Color tests revealed that the samples were the color was less affected by drying conditions (p>0.05) correspond to those dried at 60ºC (0.5 cm thickness), and 50ºC (0.5 and 1 cm thickness) which coincides with the preference of surveyed population. Thus, Capsicum pubescens may be dried under these conditions.Keywords: Capsicum pusbescens; drying; sensorial analysis; food loss.
Ultrasound enhancement of osmotic dehydration and drying – Process kinetics and quality aspects
Authors: Musielak Grzegorz
Published: January 2019

The aim of presented studies is to investigate of influence of ultrasonic assistance on both osmotic dehydration and convective drying. A wide range of different materials, as well as several osmotic agents were tested. The obtained results show that the use of ultrasound always accelerates the investigated processes. The application of ultrasound may reduce the energy consumption of drying. Qualitative studies of dried materials do not give a definite answer about the effect of ultrasound on the quality of the products. Mathematical modelling of the ultrasound assisted drying indicates that so named “vibration effect” plays the biggest role in convective drying acceleration. Keywords: osmotic dehydration; convective drying;  ultrasound; process kinetics.
Moisture content modeling and effective moisture diffusivity determination during convective solar drying of blackberry (rubus spp) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Authors: López-Ortiz Anabel , Gallardo-Brígido J. C. , Silva-Norman A. , Pilatowsky-Figueroa Isaac , García-Valladares Octavio , Rodríguez-Ramírez Juan
Published: January 2019

The goal of reducing energy consumption (EC), losses and waste (FL) in the food processing is a challenges in the worldwide. The use of active solar greenhouse dryers (GHD) for EC and FL reductions has increased due to its capacity, and low operating costs. In this work the effective diffusivity (Deff) and the moisture content modeling were analized for basil (Ocimum basilicum) and blackberry pulp (Rubus rosoideae) dried in a conventional stove (CD) and an GHD coupled to an additional air solar heating system (SCHa). The loss of water and the drying rate in food materials dehydrated in the GHD is consistent with the increment or decrement of temperature during the solar day. The Deff values for basil and blackberry pulp was ranged between -1.1044x10-7 and -3.9167x10-9. The solar energy obtained in the GHD supplied the heating requirements. In general, the Page’s  model was the best fit for the drying kinetics for basil and blackberry pulp. Keywords: Solar Collector for air heating, solar energy, variable conditions
Long-term maintenance of dried acellular matrices
Authors: Spilimbergo Sara , Zambon Alessandro , Giobbe Giovanni , Vetralla Massimo , Michelino Filippo , Urbani Luca , Pantano Maria , Pugno Nicola , De Coppi Paolo , Elvassore Nicola
Published: January 2019

Dried and sterile acellular esophageal matrix was obtained within a new drying process based on the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). Experiments were performed coupling a conventional detergent enzymatic treatment with two different drying methods: (i) SC-CO2 drying alone; (ii) dehydration in ethanol and a subsequent SC-CO2 drying. Long term preservation was achieved for several months after drying, demonstrating the maintenance of extracellular matrix (ECM) structure, mechanical properties and biocompatibility within cell repopulation studies in vitro. Overall, the results highlighted the potential of this novel technology to obtain a dry and sterile acellular matrix that can be easily stored for oesophageal regeneration in patients with emergency need.Keywords: decellularized tissue; supercritical drying; carbon dioxide; tissue engineering; long term storage
Using Life Cycle Assessment methodology to minimize the environmental impact of dryers
Authors: Léonard Angélique , Gerbinet S.
Published: January 2019

Drying is known as a high energy consuming unit operation, representing between 12 to 25% of the global industrial energy consumption in developed countries. Consequently, drying contributes to several environmental impacts mainly associated to its heat or electricity requirements. One can cite global warming, emission of particles, acidification, photochemical ozone formation, … Based on a literature review and some dedicated case studies, this work will illustrate how Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) can be used to evaluate the environmental impacts associated to a drying operation. The results will be presended in a way to indicate some eco-design strategies for dryers. Keywords: drying; eco-design; Life cycle assessment; environmental impact.
Post-harvest treatment of algerian broad beans using two different solar drying methods
Authors: Boubekri A. , Chouicha S. , Berbeuh M.H. , Mennouche D. , Frihi I. , Rzezgua A.
Published: January 2019

This work was carried up in the objective to valorize the broad beans, largely harvested in Algeria, by solar drying means. In the present research paper, an experimental study was conducted on solar drying of broad beans by two different methods. Experimental trials were performed on a direct and an indirect laboratory scale solar dryers at Ouargla university in the southern of Algeria. Selected samples were dried at 50°C, 55°C, 60°C and 65°C. In both two applied cases, drying curves were obtained and compared. Among twelve consulted drying models the Page model was correlated with satisfaction to describe the solar drying of broad beans using a non linear regression analysis method. Operating and thermal performances of the two used drying systems were checked by the energy effeceincy and economic calculation. Obtained results showed that the direct solar drying ensures good preservation of the final product with a drying time of 5 hours. Keywords: solar drying ;  convective drying ; broad bean ; quality
Drying parameters influence on ‘Ameclyae’ Opuntia ficus prickly pear oil quality
Authors: Desmorieux H. , Hassini L.
Published: January 2019

The aim of this work is to study the effects of drying conditions on the quality of extracted pricly pear seed oil, specifically α-tocopherol content. Drying experiments were carried on following a full 23 factorial design using a vertical drying tunnel. The temperature range was 45 to 70°C, relative humidity range was 15 - 30% and   air velocity was 1 and 2 m/s. The Midilli-Kucuk model was found with satisfaction describing the seed air drying curves with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 and a standard error of 0.01. For each drying condition, the extraction of fixed oil seeds was performed at cold using mechanical pressing method. The oil quality was evaluated on the basis of the a-tocopherol content. The a-tocopherol was identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV). According to the experimental results, it was found that convective drying of thin layer of seeds at soft air conditions, drying temperature of 45°C, relative humidity of 15% and air velocity of 1m/s give the optimal quality of extracted oil in terms of a-tocopherol content.Keywords: prickly pear seeds;  convective drying; semi-empirical modeling; a-tocopherol seed oil; optimization.
Generation of high drug loading amorphous solid dispersions by Spray Drying
Authors: Costa Bhianca Lins de Azevedo , Sauceau Martial , Sescousse Romain , Re Maria Ines
Published: January 2019

Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) refers to drug - carrier systems, where the drug is dispersed in the carrier at a molecular level. In this work, ASDs were formulated by spray drying. The aim was to achieve high drug loads of an amorphous hydrophobic drug (Efavirenz - EFV) in  the  carrier Soluplus®. Solid state characterizations (mDSC, XRPD, DVS, Raman, SEM, stability and solubility studies) were done. EFV amorphisation in ASDs (20 to 85% EFV loads) resulted in improved drug solubility compared to unprocessed EFV crystals and tendency of properties evolution over time for ASDs with EFV loads  higher than 70 wt%. Keywords: amorphous solid dispersion, spray drying, high drug loading, soluplus, efavirenz.
Changes in antioxidant and probiotic properties of a freeze-dried apple snack during storage
Authors: Barrera Cristina , Burca Cristina , Seguí Lucía , Betoret Noelia
Published: January 2019

This research developed an apple snack with potential probiotic effect (> 107 CFU/g) by combining vacuum impregnation with Lactobacillus salivarius spp. salivarius (CECT 4063) and freeze-drying. Throughout storage (30 days), both the lactobacillus viability and the total flavonoids content decreased. Trehalose adition (10% by weight) to the impregnation liquid and/or its homogenization at 100 MPa accelerated the loss of cell viability but delayed flavonoids degradation and promoted an increase in the amount of phenols and total antioxidants. Keywords: L. salivarius spp. salivarius; homogenization; trehalose; freeze-drying; antioxidants.
Influence of drying on in vitro gastric digestion of beetroot: evaluation of the microstructure
Authors: Eim Valeria , Dalmau Esperanza , Cárcel Juan A. , Simal Susana
Published: January 2019

To better understand the influence of processing on the bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds during digestion, the microstructure of  beetroot samples was observed prior to and after 180 min of in vitro digestion, by using scanning electron microscopy. Beetroot samples were subjected to convective drying at 60 ºC and 2 m/s and freeze-drying at -50 ºC and 30Pa. Dried beetroots were rehydrated prior to digestion by immersion in distilled water at 37 ºC during 90 min. To extract quantitative information related to cell size from the visual texture of beetroot, grey level granulometric methods from mathematical morphology were applied. Keywords: freeze drying; convective drying; scanning electron microscopy; image analysis; image texture analysis.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of temperature and moisture distributions and changes in nutritional quality during Intermittent Microwave Convective Drying
Authors: Karim Azharul , Khan Imran , Pham Nghia Duc
Published: January 2019

Intermittent microwave convective drying (IMCD) is an advanced drying system where a unique volumetric heating mode is facilitated. However, the physical phenomena of IMCD system and its effect on nutritional quality are not well understood yet. The aim of this research is to develop a coupled IMCD and quality prediction model and experimentaslly validate it. A coupled 3D mathematical model considering Maxwell’s equation for electromagnetic heating, and reaction kinetics for  predicting quality was developed and validated. COMSOL Multiphysics, engineering software was used to solve the developed model. It is found that IMCD significantly affect the nutritional quality during drying of apple tissue. Keywords: Food material; Microwave; heat and mass transfer; Quality; 3D modelling
Microstructural characterization of apple tissue during drying using X-Ray microtomography
Authors: Karim Azharul , Rahman M. M. , Billah M. M. , Khan M.I.H.
Published: January 2019

This study aims to investigate the complex microstructural changes in plant-based food materials during drying by using X-ray micro-computed tomography (X-ray µCT) along with the image analysis. The apple samples were dried at 60 °C and tested using X-ray µCT at different stages of drying. The porosity, cell and pore size distribution were determined from the micro-CT data set. It was observed that significant changes in porosity, cell and pore size distribution take place at different drying times and moisture contents. X-ray µCT can serve as a very promising tool to elucidate the evolution of the food microstructure during the drying process. Keywords: Food drying, characteristics, X-ray microtomography, nondestructive evaluation
Influence of drying technique on physicochemical properties of bimodal meso-macropore structure of silica support
Authors: Niamnuy Chalida , Panchan Noppadol , Chukeaw Thanaphat , Seubsai Anusorn , Devahastin Sakamon , Chareonpanich Metta
Published: January 2019

Drying process directly affect in structure of the silica support for catalysts. Therefore, we herein prepared bimodal meso-macropore structure of silica by sol-gel method and investigated the silica support obtained from various drying techniques, namely, hot air drying (HA), microwave drying(MW)and freeze drying (FD)by means of BET and BJH N2-sorption, and SEM. The results showed a significant effect of drying technique on the textural properties of the dried bimodal porous silica support. In addition, it was found that freeze drying could enhance surface area of silica support with higher than 500 m2/g. Keywords: bimodal meso-macropore structure silica support: drying technology: freeze drying: hot air drying: microwave drying
Partial drying of apple fruits to improve freeze/thaw quality during long term frozen storage
Authors: Bellaga S. , Ben Haj Said L. , Allaf K.
Published: January 2019

Apple samples were submitted to partially drying prior to freezing. Then, quality assessments were achieved in order to evaluate the quality of these various frozen samples during frozen-storage. Significant positive effects of water content were observed on thaw exudate water and total color difference of dehydrofrozen/thawed apples. Total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content losses were important for samples without any dehydration pretreatment. They noticeably decreased when water content decreased during the whole period of storage. Thus, a partial removal of water prior to freezing is a relevant way to maintain the stability of fruit quality during long-term frozen-storage. Keywords: Apple fruits; dehydrofreezing; frozen storage; color; polyphenol
Superheated Steam Dryer application for drying of sticky and pastry materials – particluar referens to distillers wet grain and solubles (DWGS)
Authors: Verma Prem , Suneb Himart , Aaron Weis
Published: January 2019

Swedish Exergy AB commercialised Super-Heated Steam Drying (SHSD) technology – an invention from Chalmers University of Technology. New application for drying and valorisation of Distillers Wet Grain and Soluble (DWGS) has been sucessfully developed and deployed at one of the sites in Europe. The SHSD technology has been adapted to this application. Key development includes novel and innovative concept of back-mixing in pressurised loop. Keywords: Super-heated steam drying; DWGS, DDGS, Back-mixing
Vida e arte experimental na trajetória de Wilton Azevedo
Authors: Mello Regina Lara Silveira , Moreira Hugo Daniel Rizolli
Published: January 2019

O artigo apresenta reflexões sobre a trajetória do artista, professor e pesquisador Wilton Azevedo desde sua produção nas artes gráficas, onde explorou a materialidade dos pigmentos naturais e papéis artesanais, até sua migração à tecnologia digital, constituindo um processo criativo que valorizou sobretudo a busca por linguagens hibridas. Pioneiro na pesquisa de novas possibilidades criativas, lançou-se no ciberespaço com autoimagem transformada, deixando brotar a poesia numa nova ambiência que renovou profundamente as relações consolidadas entre imagem, texto e som. Em diálogo com pensadores contemporâneos como Manovich, Chartier e Flusser, são levantados alguns conceitos fundamentais à compreensão da obra de Wilton Azevedo, como escritura digital expandida, poesia digital e outros experimentos, além da criação do Lhudi, Laboratório de Humanidades Digitais, que enchia de orgulho o professor-pesquisador. O autorretrato do artista é mostrado como um convite em forma homenagem, sugerindo o aprofundamento na obra deste grande artista.
Da segurança à cobiça: um breve relato da transição dos argumentos abolicionistas nas propostas legislativas no Parlamento
Authors: Del Negro Guilherme
Published: January 2019

Os vívidos debates legislativos no parlamento brasileiro sobre a proibição do tráfico e a abolição da escravidão desmontam a imagem de uma apatia institucionalizada ou de um comprometimento dissimulado com a causa abolicionista no cenário internacional – existiam preocupações sinceras com os rumos da nação. No artigo, sistematizo os argumentos mais comumente invocados no parlamento imperial e periodizo os projetos de lei ali apresentados, de modo a associar ideias e leis. Dessa associação, concluo que, ao passo que a ideia da abolição amadurecia e ganhava corpo, os argumentos transitaram da defesa da segurança nacional para a condenação da cobiça.
A invenção da diferença: a animalização como distinção do “eu” e do “outro” no imaginário ocidental nos séculos XVIII e XIX.
Authors: Pires Junior Arnaldo Lucas
Published: January 2019

Neste artigo propomos uma discussão teórica sobre um dos expedientes mais correntes de diferenciação entre os homens, a animalização do “outro”. Através da análise de relatos de viagem e de obras de história natural nos sécs. XVIII e XIX, procuraremos demonstrar como a contestação da noção de humanidade enquanto atributo estático atingiu em cheio as concepções sobre a origem dos homens e aventou a possibilidade de uma hierarquização de suas experiências no mundo. Nossos esforços nos levaram a enfrentar um curioso paradoxo: os séculos XVIII e XIX – que viram florescer os ideais igualitários das revoluções burguesas – serão, ao mesmo tempo, o período em que esses valores se confinarão a grupos cada vez menores e em que se empunhará a diferença e a servidão de alguns sob o discurso da igualdade e da liberdade de outros.
Guerra dos Farrapos (1835-1845): entre o fato histórico e suas apropriações
Authors: Schmitt Ânderson Marcelo
Published: January 2019

Neste artigo trataremos da Guerra dos Farrapos – ou Revolução Farroupilha -, ocorrida no Rio Grande do Sul entre os anos de 1835 até 1845. Esta guerra civil é o fenômeno histórico mais debatido pela historiografia sul-rio-grandense, despertando o interesse de vários pesquisadores acadêmicos e diletantes. Além deste interesse por parte dos pesquisadores, a Guerra dos Farrapos passou para o calendário de comemorações oficial no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, possuindo uma semana com o seu nome – Semana Farroupilha -, na qual se celebra e se ritualiza as ações de estancieiros, em sua grande maioria senhores de escravos, que levaram a cabo uma luta fratricida em busca de maior espaço de representação política e econômica junto ao poder central. Desta forma, entendemos que a comemoração e ritualização da Guerra dos Farrapos no 20 de setembro – data que marca o início do confronto – não pode ser realizada sem compreendermos qual a sua real importância histórica, o que representou o conflito para os contemporâneos e quais os interesses que estavam em jogo. Dispusemos para esta pesquisa da imensa possibilidade historiográfica que temos à disposição e da documentação primária disponibilizada pelo Arquivo Histórico do Rio Grande do Sul, bem como dos exemplares do periódico oficial farroupilha.
Mulheres, PCB e Feminismos: Disputas e tensões (1930-1937)
Authors: Alves Iracélli Da Cruz
Published: January 2019

O artigo analisa a militância feminista de mulheres do Partido Comunista do Brasil, atualmente denominado Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB) entre 1930 e 1937, bem como as relações estabelecidas com outros grupos feministas do período. A preocupação central é evidenciar a forma como as pecebistas concebiam a luta e as críticas que fizeram a outros grupos feministas. No início do século XX, tornou-se crescente o número de mulheres organizadas em prol de mudanças político-sociais para o gênero feminino. No período, surgiram organizações coletivas formais que lutaram por mais direitos para as mulheres, que costumamos chamar feministas. A luta pela emancipação feminina era permeada por tensões. Para as mulheres do PCB, o feminismo era entendido como um movimento “pequeno-burguês”, por isso, inadequado para as mulheres que estavam verdadeiramente preocupadas com a emancipação feminina. Não se assumir feminista não significava, necessariamente, falta de engajamento com as pautas comuns aos feminismos. Afora todas as tensões, a luta das mulheres dentro do PCB e as relações intrapartidárias também foram marcadas por tensões e contradições. Nesse sentido, o texto visa refletir sobre as diferentes formas de organização, tensões e contradições existentes nas lutas feministas na primeira metade do século XX, especialmente aquelas ligadas ao PCB.
Cenas brasileiras, violências, subjetividades
Authors: De Souza Meriti
Published: January 2019

Neste artigo problematizamos as repercussões dos ideais sociais que retratam o povo brasileiro como pacífico e avesso a movimentos marcados por ações violentas. De forma específica, interessa problematizar as repercussões desses ideais sobre a organização social nacional e a constituição subjetiva do brasileiro. A pergunta posta diz respeito às implicações subjetivas e sociais relacionadas ao fato de uma pessoa inserida na tradição cultural nacional passar a se representar e a se sentir como alegre e pacífica, mesmo perante a desigualdade social e a violência. Entendemos que essa inscrição psíquica pode ocorrer em função do ideal social disseminado por séculos a fio, pelas elites que dominam a cena econômica e cultural.
Implication of extreme atmospheric methane concentrations for
chemistry-climate connections
Authors: Winterstein Franziska , Tanalski Fabian , Jöckel Patrick , Dameris Martin , Ponater Michael
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Methane (CH4) is the second most important greenhouse gas, which atmospheric concentration is influenced by human activities. In this study, numerical simulations with a chemistry-climate model (CCM) are performed aiming to assess possible consequences of significantly enhanced CH4 concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere for the climate. We analyze experiments with 2xCH4 and 5xCH4 present day (2010) mixing ratio and its quasi-instantaneous chemical impact on the atmosphere. The massive increase in CH4 strongly influences the tropospheric chemistry by reducing the hydroxyl radical (OH) abundance and thereby extending the CH4 lifetime as well as the residence time of other chemical pollutants. The region above the tropopause is impacted by a substantial rise in stratospheric water vapor (SWV). The stratospheric ozone (O3) column increases overall, but SWV induced stratospheric cooling also leads to a enhanced ozone depletion in the Antarctic lower stratosphere. Regional patterns of ozone change are affected by modification of stratospheric dynamics, i.e. increased tropical up-welling and stronger meridional transport towards the polar regions. We calculate the net radiative impact (RI) of the 2xCH4 experiment to be 0.69 W/m2 and for the 5xCH4 experiment to be 1.79 W/m2. A substantial part of the RI is contributed by chemically induced O3 and SWV changes, in line with previous radiative forcing estimates. To our knowledge this is the first numerical study using a CCM with respect to two/fivefold CH4 concentrations and it is therefore an overdue analysis as it emphasizes the impact of possible strong future CH4 emissions on atmospheric chemistry and its feedback on climate.
The effect of instrumental stray light on Brewer and Dobson total ozone measurements
Authors: Moeini Omid , Vaziri Zanjani Zahra , McElroy C. Thomas , Tarasick David W. , Evans Robert D. , Petropavlovskikh Irina , Feng Keh-Harng
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Dobson and Brewer spectrophotometers are the primary, standard
instruments for ground-based ozone measurements under the World
Meteorological Organization's (WMO) Global Atmosphere Watch program. The
accuracy of the data retrieval for both instruments depends on a knowledge of
the ozone absorption coefficients and some assumptions underlying the data
analysis. Instrumental stray light causes nonlinearity in the response of
both the Brewer and Dobson to ozone at large ozone slant paths. In addition,
it affects the effective ozone absorption coefficients and extraterrestrial
constants that are both instrument-dependent. This effect has not been taken
into account in the calculation of ozone absorption coefficients that are
currently recommended by WMO for the Dobson network. The ozone absorption
coefficients are calculated for each Brewer instrument individually, but in
the current procedure the effect of stray light is not considered. This
study documents the error caused by the effect of stray light in the Brewer
and Dobson total ozone measurements using a physical model for each
instrument. For the first time, new ozone absorption coefficients are
calculated for the Brewer and Dobson instruments, taking into account the
stray light effect. The analyses show that the differences detected between
the total ozone amounts deduced from Dobson AD and CD pair wavelengths are
related to the level of stray light within the instrument. The discrepancy
introduced by the assumption of a fixed height for the ozone layer for ozone
measurements at high latitude sites is also evaluated. The ozone data
collected by two Dobson instruments during the period of December 2008 to
December 2014 are compared with ozone data from a collocated double
monochromator Brewer spectrophotometer (Mark III). The results illustrate the
dependence of Dobson AD and CD pair measurements on stray light.
Demonstration of an off-axis parabolic receiver for near-range retrieval of lidar ozone profiles
Authors: Farris Betsy M. , Gronoff Guillaume P. , Carrion William , Knepp Travis , Pippin Margaret , Berkoff Timothy A.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. During the 2017 Ozone Water Land Environmental Transition Study (OWLETS), the
Langley mobile ozone lidar system utilized a new small diameter receiver to
improve the retrieval of near-surface signals from 0.1 to 1 km in altitude.
This new receiver utilizes a single 90 ∘ fiber-coupled, off-axis
parabolic mirror resulting in a compact form that is easy to align. The
single reflective surface offers the opportunity to easily expand its use to
multiple wavelengths for additional measurement channels such as visible
wavelength aerosol measurements. Detailed results compare the performance of
the receiver to both ozonesonde and in situ measurements from a UAV platform,
validating the performance of the near-surface ozone retrievals. Absolute
O3 differences averaged 7 % between lidar and ozonesonde data
from 0.1 to 1.0 km and yielded a 2.3 % high bias in the lidar data, well
within the uncertainty of the sonde measurements. Conversely, lidar
O3 measurements from 0.1 to 0.2 km averaged 10.5 % lower than
coincident UAV O3. A more detailed study under more stable
atmospheric conditions would be necessary to resolve the residual instrument
differences reported in this work. Nevertheless, this unique added capability
is a significant improvement allowing for near-surface observation of ozone.