bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of sundried mango seed kernel meal on the haemolymph of giant African snail (Archachatina marginata)
Authors: Amaduruonye W. , Onunkwo D.N. , Daniel-Igwe G.
Published: February 2021

Proximate analysis of mango seed kernel shows that it is high in carbohydrate and contains other essential minerals. Thus, this experiment was conducted to assess the impact of mango seed kernel mea on l the haemolymph of giant African land snail (Archachatina marginata). One hundred and twenty (120) Archachatina marginata grower snails of similar sizes were randomly assigned to four treatments designated T1, T2 , T3 and T4 and replicated three times in a completely randomized design (CRD).Each dietary treatment consisted of thirty (30) snails per treatment with ten (10) snails per replicate. The mango seed kernel meal used as test ingredient were collected, cracked and the kernel sundried for two weeks after which it was milled into a fine powder. Four experimental diets were formulated to meet the nutrient requirements of snails included at 0% mango seed kernel meal (T1 ), 5% mango seed kernel meal (T2 ), 10% mango seed kernel meal (T3) and 15% mango seed kernel meal (T4 ), respectively. T1 served as the control. The snails were fed once a day during the evening hours and adequately managed during this period. The feeding trial lasted for eight weeks. Proximate composition of the mango seed kernel meal and that of the experimental diets were conducted to determine the nutrient contents of the mango seed kernel meal and the experimental diets respectively. The proximate composition and the mineral content of the haemolymph of Archachatina marginata were also analyzed. The analysis of the proximate composition of mango seed kernel meal indicated that it is high in carbohydrate (58.6%), 13.72% moisture, 4.00% ash, 5.64% crude fiber, 15.94%fat, and 2.1% crude protein; which implies that it can be used as a carbohydrate source. The inclusion of mango seed kernel meal in the diets ofArchachatina marginata significantly (P
Incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria in goat milk in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Amosun E.A. , Olatoye I.O. , Oyeniyi T.M.
Published: February 2021

Goat milk and its products are highly nutritious and widely consumed in several countries. In Nigeria, little attention has been given to goats as dairy animals; hence the raw milk can be a potential source of bacterial contamination and spread of antibiotic resistant pathogens within human, animal and environment. In this study, the incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria in goat milk in Ibadan, Nigeria was evaluated. The bacteriological quality and antibiotic resistance characteristics of the isolates from105 raw milk samples collected from does in five goat herds in Ibadan in Oyo-State, Nigeria were carried out. A total of 126 bacterial isolates belonging to six bacteria genera [Lactobacillus spp (23.81%), Staphylococcus aureus (23.02%), E.coli (20.63%), Klebsiella pneumonia (15.08%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.35%), Streptococcus spp (07.14%)] were obtained from the samples. The Gramnegative isolates exhibited resistance toamoxillin (84.50%), augmentin (77.59%), septrin (75.86%), sparfloxacin (72.41%), chloramphenicol (68.97%), streptomycin (65.52%), perfloxacin (56.90%), tarivid (51.72%), gentamycin (48.28%), ciprofloxacin (48.27%).While the Gram positive bacteria also exhibited resistance to ampiclox ( 69.12%), septrin (42.65%), erythromycin (33.82%), streptomycin (14.71%), gentamycin (11.76%), rocephin (07.35%), zinnacef (02.94%), ciprofloxacin (01.47%). Multi-drug resistance (MDR) to three or more antimicrobials was observed in some of the isolates. This study revealed high prevalence of MDR bacteria in goat milk that can contribute to the global antibiotic resistance menace through primary or secondary infections associated with husbandry, milking and consumption of improperly pasteurized goat milk.
Nutritional evaluation of tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) meal as a replacement for maize in broiler diets
Authors: Archibong E. E. , Nsa E. E. , Umoren U. E.
Published: February 2021

A total of three hundred (300) day old unsexed “Fidan' broiler chicks averagely weighing 100.25 0.44g were used to study the response of broiler birds to diets containing different levels of yellow tigernut meal (TNM) as a replacement for maize. The birds were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments of three replicates each containing 60 and 20 birds respectively. After 28 days, the birds were again randomized based on weights to commence the finisher phase in a completely randomized design. The treatment diets consisted of 0%, 25%, 50% 75% and 100% of TNM as replacement for maize as diets 1 (control) 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. The result showed TNM to be low in protein (5.04%), moderate in fibre (13.01%) and high in ether extract (27.46%). Among the antinutritional factors, alkaloids, phytate and tannin were relatively high; 2.63mg/kg, 1.44mg/100g and 1.01mg/100g, respectively. Average weight gain (AWG) and final live weight (FLW) were high for birds fed 25 TNM and significantly (p<0.05) higher than the birds on control at the starter phase. However, at the finisher phase, the values were similar except for birds on 100% TNM that showed significant (p<0.05) depression in AWG and FWG. Feed intake was significantly affected by TNM inclusion levels and tended to improve (p<0.05) significantly as the level of TNM increases in the diets at the starter phase. And at the finisher phase, there was no significant (p>0.05) differences in feed intake across the treatment diets. The feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency showed similar trend both in starter and finisher phases of broiler production, except that at the starter phase, there was poor feed utilization as the level of TNM exceeded 25%, while at the finisher phase, depression only set in at 100% TNM. Feed cost (N/kg) increased as the level of TNM increased in the diets. Among the nutrient utilization only fibre and ether extract were significantly (p<0.05) affected and this occurred only at 100% TNM. The TNM inclusion had no significant effect on the dressing percentage. Of all the carcass parameters measured only gizzard, caeca and abdominal fat showed significant differences, which all tended to increase (p<0.05) significantly as the level of TNM increases in the diets. It was concluded that at starter phase TNM as replacement for maize should not exceed 25% and at finisher phase, it may not exceed 75% for optimal growth performance.
Estrus detection in dairy cattle: Are vaginal detector probes species-specific to vaginal mucus?
Authors: Leigh O. O. , Mustapha L. , Agbugba L. C. , Ibiam A. E. , Olorunnisomo O. A.
Published: February 2021

Two separate estrous detector probes, labelled for bovine and swine, were intuitively used to study changes in electrical resistivity of vaginal mucus (ERVm) in 48 Sokoto Gudali cattle (SGC) that were synchronized with double intramuscular injections of prostaglandin F 2 alpha (PGF). The cattle comprised of 32 heifers and 16 cows were randomly assigned into groups A (11-day) and B (12-day) PGF injection intervals, with equal number of heifers and cows. The ERVm was measured between first day (d 0) of PGF injection and d 15. Each injection contained 500 μg Estrumate®. Results showed that the difference in the mean values of ERVm between bovine (267.07±20.81) and swine (256.64±39.41) probes was not significant (p>0.05). Similarly, the differences in ERVm between the bovine and swine probes at 48 h post 1stPGF in all cattle (239.20±5.09 and 231.60±13.53), as well as 48 h post 2nd PGF in 11-day (253.07±5.22 and 224.67±23.45) and 12-day (266.67±25.55 and 233.03±21.96) PGF injection groups were not significant (p>0.05), respectively. In all, 75% of cattle stood to mounting by pen mates and a 75:25 success to failure ratio for evaluating ERVm in cattle with the aid of a swine vaginal probe were obtained. The ERVm pattern also suggests that estrus occurred between 0-72 h post PGF with both probes. It can be concluded that there may be no difference in sensitivity to vaginal mucus between these two probes and that either may be used to evaluate ERVm in the SGC.
Growth response, organ morphometry, sperm production and reserve in rabbit bucks administered carrot fruit extracts
Authors: Ewuola E. O. , Odefemi T. R
Published: February 2021

An experiment was conducted for 12 weeks to investigate the anti-oxidative effect of carrot fruit extracts administered to rabbit bucks on growth, organ characteristics, gonadal and extra-gonadal sperm reserves, and daily sperm production. A total of 35 rabbit bucks (four months old with average weight of 1.62±0.2kg) were randomly allotted into treatment groups each containing seven bucks per replicate. The bucks were subjected to the same environmental conditions and were assigned into five doses of carrot fruit extracts administration: Treatment 1 (0 mL of carrot fruit extracts (CE)/kg BW i.e. control), treatment 2 (0.5 mL CE/kg BW), treatment 3 (1.0 mL CE/kg BW), treatment 4 (1.5 ml CE/kg BW), treatment 5 (2 mL CE/kg BW). The extract was administered by drenching using corn oil as the carrier. The bucks were weighed weekly to determine weight gain and feed conversion ratio. At the end of the trial, the bucks were sacrificed, dissected, organs removed and weighed. Testes and epididymis were homogenised and filtered. The sperm cells in the testicular and epididymal homogenates were determined. Organ characteristics: eviscerated weight, adrenal gland, liver, lungs, kidney, pancreas, bile, testis, spleen, heart and GIT weight were measured. Data were subjected to analysis of variance at P = 0.05. The bucks administered with 1.0 mL CE had the highest relative eviscerated weight (48.74±6.73%) and also recorded the highest weight gain (0.21±0.15g/day) when compared to other treatments. There was non-significant difference for most of the organs assessed except for the GIT and spleen weight. The GIT weight was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T1 (15.41%), T3 (14.81%) and T4 (16.23%) than T2 (13.58) and T5 (13.09%) in rabbits administered 0.5mL and 2.0mL CE/kg BW, respectively. Relative spleen weight of rabbits administered 0.2mL CE/kg BW was similar to T1 but significantly (p<0.05) higher than T2, T3 and T4. Testicular and epididymal sperms reserves significantly (P<0.05) increased as the concentration of the carrot fruit extract administered to rabbits increased. Daily sperm production was significantly (P<0.05) higher in treated bucks than the control bucks. This study suggests that administering carrot fruit extracts up to 2mL/kg body weight increased growth, sperm cell production and testicular sperm reserve.
Blood metabolites and carcass characteristics of West African dwarf goats fed bread waste and Moringa oleifera leaf
Authors: Ayandiran S. K. , Odeyinka S. M. , Odedire J. A.
Published: February 2021

The study evaluated the blood metabolites and carcass quality of WAD goats fed bread waste and Moringa oleifera leaf. The goats (n=20, 6-7 months old) were allotted to four treatments (5 goats per treatment) in a completely randomized design. The experiment lasted twenty weeks. Bread waste and Moringa oleifera were used to replace Corn bran and Brewer's dried grain (w/w) in the compounded concentrate diets at 0, 25, 50 and 100% to form treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The goats fed diets T2, T3 and T4 had lower (P < 0.05) cholesterol levels (52.83, 45.11, and 33.69 mg/dL, respectively) than T1 (54.89 mg/dL). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) among the means of the hematological indices across the treatments. However, the total protein of goats fed diets T2, T3 and T4 were higher (P < 0.05) than those on T1. The serum metabolite of the experimental goats indicated no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the albumin, (AST) and a (ALP) contents while the total protein of goats fed diets T2, T3 and T4 (6.37, 6.39 and 6.53 g/dL respectively) were higher (P < 0.05) than T1 (4.66). The hot carcass weights of goats fed diets T4 (4.56 kg) and T3 (4.45 kg) were higher (P < 0.05) than those on diets T2 (4.21 kg) and T1 (4.01kg) whereas there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the aspartate aminotransferase lkaline phosphate dressing percentage and head weight. The goats fed diet T1 had highest (P < 0.05) value for the lungs, kidney and spleen weight when compared to diets T2, T3 and T4. It could be concluded that inclusion of bread waste and Moringa oleifera leaf in diet of WAD goats reduced blood cholesterol level, enhanced flesh deposition in the carcass and impacted no
Physiological response of Nigerian indigenous cocks fed diet with graded levels of tumeric (Cucumma longa)
Authors: Urom S. M. O. C. , Inyang E. C. , Onunkwo D. N. , Ewa J. E.
Published: February 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the physiological response of Nigerian indigenous chicken (cock) fed graded levels of Tumeric Rhizome Powder (TRP). Sixty (60) adult local cocks divided into 4 groups with 15 birds in each group, replicated into 3 of 5 birds per replicate in each treatment group were used for the study. The birds in the experimental groups designated as T1, T2, T3, and T4 were fed with TRP supplemented diet at various inclusion levels of 0.0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75%, respectively for 8 weeks. From the results obtained, the growth performance and the relative organ yields were significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced, with an average weight of 121.33 ± 14.70 of the experimental birds in the Turmeric groups. The nutrient digestibility was significantly (p < 0.05) improved with TRP supplemented diet. The result of the organ weight recorded showed the weight of the visceral organs such as heart, liver, lungs, spleen, pancreas and the gizzard relative to body weight were not significantly (p> 0.05) affected by the turmeric supplemented diet compared with the control group, whereas the dressed weight, the size of the kidney, proventriculus and the gall bladder relative to body weight were significantly (p< 0.05) increased, although no statistical difference between the 0.25% and 0.75% inclusion groups compared with the control group. The significant (p< 0.05) increase in the size of proventriculus which is responsible for the mechanical storage of the ingested feed could be attributed to the effect of turmeric supplemented diet compared to control. Also, the gall bladder contained significantly (p< 0.05) increased volume of the bile. In conclusion, Turmeric powder supplemented diet at 0.25 and 0.5 % inclusions performed better in improving the growth of Nigerian indigenous cocks, although care should be exercised in prolonged supplementation above 0.5 % inclusion to prevent its deleterious effect on the blood profile. From the findings in this study, to achieve a better growth performance of the Nigerian indigenous cocks with little or no effect on the relative organ weight, 0.5 % inclusion level is highly recommended.
Growth performance and carcass characteristics of finisher broiler chickens fed diet containing cooked cocoyam tubermeal
Authors: Anyaegbu B. C. , Onunkwo D. N. , Igwe G. , Nathaniel J. , Nkwo C. M.
Published: February 2021

This study was carried out to evaluate the growth performance and carcass characteristics of finisher broiler chickens fed diet containing cooked cocoyam tubermeal as energy source in place of maize. The proximate composition of cooked cocoyam tubermeal showed that it contained 13.11% moisture, 2.60% ash, 3.90% crude protein, 9.45% crude fiber, 1.85% ether extract and 70.13% NFE. In the finisher feeding trial, the cooked cocoyam tubermeal was used to replace maize at levels of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% respectively in the control diet. Each finisher diet was fed to a group of 30 finisher broiler chicken for 4 weeks using completely randomized design. Each treatment was divided into 3 replicates of 10 broiler chicks each. The birds were kept on deep litter and were given feed and water ad-libitum. Parameters measured include ifinal body weight, body weight gain feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass characteristics and economics of production. In the finisher feeding trial, the feed intake of the finisher broilers on diets 2, 3 and 4 were similar and compared favourably with those on the control diet. The finisher group on 100% CCYM (diet 5) recorded the lowest feed intake possibly because of the dustiness of the feed. The body weight gain of the finisher broilers on diet 2 (25%) cooked cocoyam tubermeal compared favourably with the control group and was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those on other diets. It appeared that the finisher broilers could not tolerate high levels of cooked cocoyam meal due to dustiness of the feed and its anti-nutritional factors. The cost of production per kg finisher broilers was cheapest for diet 5(100% CCYM) (N356.72) and the costliest was for diet 3(50% CCYM) (N588.28). The internal organs expressed as percent of the live weight were not affected by the treatments. In terms of carcass characteristics, the finisher broilers on diet 2(25% CCYM) recorded the highest breast muscle which was significantly different (P<0.05) from other groups. There were no significant different (P>0.05) on percent back cut, drumstick, head, shank, thigh, neck and wings of the finisher broilers on all the treatments. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in percent dressed weight of the finisher broilers on cooked cocoyam based diets. The results of the trial have shown that cooking cocoyam corms (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) for 30 minutes was effective for reducing the cyanide oxalate, tannin, phytic acid and saponin content and that cooking did not affect the proximate composition of tannia. Cooked cocoyam tubermeal could be used to replace maize up to 25% in the diet of finisher broiler chicken without affecting body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio as indicated in this study.
Kaempferol improved growth performance in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria tenella
Authors: Muhammad Y. , Jatau I. D. , Umar A. M. , Chiroma M. A.
Published: February 2021

The study investigated the effects of kaempferol on growth performance in two weeks old broilers challenged with Eimeria tenella. Sixty, one-day old broiler chicks were randomly allotted into six groups (I-VI) of ten broiler chicks each and brooded for two weeks with commercial broiler feed (vital feed®) and provided water ad libitum. At two weeks of age, broilers in group 1 were neither infected nor treated. Broilers in groups II- VI were infected 4 with Eimeria tenella sporulated oocyst (10 /mL) via oral inoculation. After infection was established, broilers in groups II-IVwere treated Per os with 1 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg of kaempferol respectively. Broilers in group V were treated for five days with amprolium, 1.25 g/L in drinking water and those in group VI were administered normal saline, 5 mL/kg per os for five days. The experimental birds were examined daily for feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Data obtained were analyzed using pad prism version 5.0. There was a statistically significant (p<00.5) increase in the mean values of WG, FI and FCR in groups II, III and IV in a dose dependent fashion when compared to VI. There was also statistically significant (p<00.5) reduction in the mean values of WG in Group II and III than in Groups IV and V. Mean WG of Groups IV and V did not differ statistically, but there were statistically higher WG in Group V than in group IV. There were consequent high FCR values of 7.3, 5.71, 5.67, 6.19 and 7.08 for groups I, II, III, IV and V respectively compared to 4.9 for Group VI. Thus, the treatment with kaempferol in two weeks old broilers had ameliorated the effects of Eimeria tenella on WG, FI and FCR in this study.
Performance and digestibility by Uda rams fed concentrate diets containing graded levels of camel's foot pod meal (CFPM)
Authors: Muftau M. A. , Malami B. S. , Maigandi S. A. , Gwandu H. A.
Published: February 2021

The study was conducted to investigate the performance of Uda rams fed concentrate diets containing graded levels of Camel's foot pod meal (CFPM). Sixteen (16) entire male Uda rams with an average initial weight of 30+0.0kg were allotted into four (4) dietary treatments in a Complete Randomized Design. Four (4) experimental concentrate diets were compounded with CFPM replacing soya bean meal at 0, 20, 40 and 60% levels of inclusion representing diets 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The concentrate diets were offered to the animals at 1.50% of their body weight and concentrate feeding was adjusted on weekly body weight basis while rice straws were served ad libitum as basal diet. At the end of the 12 weeks feeding trial, a digestibility trial was conducted which lasted 21 days using three animals from each treatment. Parameters measured were dry matter intake, live weight changes, feed to gain ratio and nutrients digestibility. Results showed that the organic matter content of the diet containing 40% CFPM was highest compared to other diets. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in dry matter intake and live weight changes among the treatments. The dry matter intake was higher in treatment 2 (993.02g) than in treatment 1 (932.32g) likewise the live weight changes was higher in treatment 4 (36.25kg) than treatment 1 (34.00kg). The feed to gain ratio ranged from 17.62 in treatment 4 to 25.42 in treatment 2. Nutrients digestibility increased with increasing level of CFPM in the diets. The DM, CP and ash digestibility were higher (p>0.05) in treatment 4 compared to the control treatment while the ADL was also higher (p<0.05) in treatment 4 than the control treatment. The optimum weight gain (36.25kg) and efficient utilization (17.92) was achieved at 60% inclusion level of CFMP. Therefore, Piliostigma reticulatum pods can serve as a potential fodder feed resource for ruminant fattening programme.
Particle emissions from a modern heavy-duty diesel engine as ice-nuclei in immersion freezing mode: an experimental study on fossil and renewable fuels
Authors: Korhonen Kimmo , Kristensen Thomas Bjerring , Falk John , Malmborg Vilhelm B. , Eriksson Axel , Gren Louise , Novakovic Maja , Shamun Sam , Karjalainen Panu , Markkula Lassi , Pagels Joakim , Svenningsson Birgitta , Tunér Martin , Komppula Mika , Laaksonen Ari , Virtanen Annele
Published: February 2021

Abstract. We studied ice-nucleating abilities of particulate emissions from a modern heavy-duty diesel engine using three different types of fuel. The polydisperse particle emissions were sampled during engine operation and introduced to a continuous-flow diffusion chamber (CFDC) instrument at a constant relative humidity RHwater = 110 %, and temperature was ramped between −43 °C and −32 °C (T-scan). The tested fuels were EN 590 compliant low-sulfur fossil diesel, hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and rapeseed methyl ester (RME), and all were investigated without blending. Sampling was carried out at different stages in the engine exhaust after-treatment system, with and without simulated atmospheric processing using an oxidation flow reactor. In addition to ice-nucleation experiments, we used supportive instrumentation to characterize the emission particles and present six different physical and chemical properties of them. We found that the studied emissions were poor ice-nucleators and substitution of fossil diesel with renewable fuels, using different emission after-treatment systems and photochemical aging of total exhaust had only little effect on their ice-nucleating abilities.
Deposition of light-absorbing particles in glacier snow of the Sunderdhunga Valley, the southern forefront of the central Himalayas
Authors: Svensson Jonas , Ström Johan , Honkanen Henri , Asmi Eija , Dkhar Nathaniel B. , Tayal Shresth , Sharma Ved P. , Hooda Rakesh , Leppäranta Matti , Jacobi Hans-Werner , Lihavainen Heikki , Hyvärinen Antti
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Anthropogenic activities on the Indo-Gangetic Plain emit vast amounts of
light-absorbing particles (LAPs) into the atmosphere, modifying the atmospheric radiation state. With transport to the nearby Himalayas and deposition to its surfaces the particles contribute to glacier melt and snowmelt via darkening of the highly reflective snow. The central Himalayas have been identified as a region where LAPs are especially pronounced in glacier snow but still remain a region where measurements of LAPs in the snow are scarce. Here we study the deposition of LAPs in five snow pits sampled in 2016 (and one from 2015) within 1 km from each other from two glaciers in the Sunderdhunga Valley, in the state of Uttarakhand, India, in the central Himalayas. The snow pits display a distinct enriched LAP layer interleaved by younger snow above and older snow below. The LAPs exhibit a
distinct vertical distribution in these different snow layers. For the
analyzed elemental carbon (EC), the younger snow layers in the different
pits show similarities, which can be characterized by a deposition constant
of about 50 µg m−2 mm−1 snow water equivalent (SWE), while the old-snow layers also indicate similar values, described by a deposition constant of roughly 150 µg m−2 mm−1 SWE. The enriched LAP layer, contrarily, displays no similar trends between the pits. Instead, it is characterized by very high amounts of LAPs and differ in orders of magnitude for concentration between the pits. The enriched LAP layer is likely a result of strong melting that took place during the summers of 2015 and 2016, as well as possible lateral transport of LAPs. The mineral dust fractional absorption is slightly below 50 % for the young- and old-snow layers, whereas it is the dominating light-absorbing constituent in the enriched LAP layer, thus, highlighting the importance of dust in the region. Our results indicate the problems with complex topography in the Himalayas but, nonetheless, can be useful in large-scale assessments of LAPs in Himalayan snow.
In situ observations of greenhouse gases over Europe during the CoMet 1.0 campaign aboard the HALO aircraft
Authors: Gałkowski Michał , Jordan Armin , Rothe Michael , Marshall Julia , Koch Frank-Thomas , Chen Jinxuan , Agusti-Panareda Anna , Fix Andreas , Gerbig Christoph
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The intensive measurement campaign CoMet 1.0 (Carbon Dioxide and Methane Mission) took place during May and June 2018, with a focus on greenhouse gases over Europe. CoMet 1.0 aimed at characterising the distribution of CH4 and CO2 over significant regional sources with the use of a fleet of research aircraft as well as validating remote sensing measurements from state-of-the-art instrumentation installed on board against a set of independent in situ observations. Here we present the results of over 55 h of accurate and precise in situ measurements of CO2, CH4 and CO mole fractions made during CoMet 1.0 flights with a cavity ring-down spectrometer aboard the German research aircraft HALO (High Altitude and LOng Range Research Aircraft), together with results from analyses of 96 discrete air samples collected aboard the same platform. A careful in-flight calibration strategy together with post-flight quality assessment made it possible to determine both the single-measurement precision as well as biases against respective World Meteorological Organization (WMO) scales. We compare the result of greenhouse gas observations against two of the available global modelling systems, namely Jena CarboScope and CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service). We find overall good agreement between the global models and the observed mole fractions in the free tropospheric range, characterised by very low bias values for the CAMS CH4 and the CarboScope CO2 products, with a mean free tropospheric offset of 0 (14) nmol mol−1 and 0.8 (1.3) µmol mol−1 respectively, with the numbers in parentheses giving the standard uncertainty in the final digits for the numerical value. Higher bias is observed for CAMS CO2 (equal to 3.7 (1.5) µmol mol−1), and for CO the model–observation mismatch is variable with height (with offset equal to −1.0 (8.8) nmol mol−1). We also present laboratory analyses of air samples collected throughout the flights, which include information on the isotopic composition of CH4, and we demonstrate the potential of simultaneously measuring δ13C−CH4 and δ2H−CH4 from air to determine the sources of enhanced methane signals using even a limited number of discrete samples. Using flasks collected during two flights over the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB, southern Poland), one of the strongest methane-emitting regions in the European Union, we were able to use the Miller–Tans approach to derive the isotopic signature of the measured source, with values of δ2H equal to −224.7 (6.6) ‰ and δ13C to −50.9 (1.1) ‰, giving significantly lower δ2H values compared to previous studies in the area.
Use of Large-Eddy simulations to design an adaptive sampling
strategy to assess cumulus cloud heterogeneities by Remotely
Piloted Aircraft
Authors: Maury Nicolas , Roberts Gregory C. , Couvreux Fleur , Verdu Titouan , Narvor Pierre , Villefranque Najda , Lacroix Simon , Hattenberger Gautier
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Trade wind cumulus clouds have a significant impact on the earth's radiative balance, due to their ubiquitous presence and significant coverage in subtropical regions. Many numerical studies and field campaigns have focused on better understanding the thermodynamic and macroscopic properties of cumulus clouds with ground-based and satellite remote sensing as well as in-situ observations. Aircraft flights have provided a significant contribution, but their resolution remains limited by rectilinear transects and fragmented temporal data of individual clouds. To provide a higher spatial and temporal resolution, Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) can now be employed for direct observations, using numerous technological advances, to map the microphysical cloud structure and to study entrainment mixing. In fact, the numerical representation of mixing processes between a cloud and the surrounding air has been a key issue in model parameterizations for decades. To better study these mixing processes as well as their impacts on cloud microphysical properties, the manuscript aims to improve exploration strategies that can be implemented by a fleet of RPAs. Here, we use a Large-Eddy simulation (LES) of oceanic cumulus clouds to design adaptive sampling strategies. An implementation of the RPA flight simulator within high-frequency LES outputs (every 5 s) allows to track individual clouds. A Rosette sampling strategy is used to explore clouds of different sizes, static in time and space. The adaptive sampling carried out by these explorations is optimized using one ors two RPAs and with or without Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) mapping, 1by comparing the results obtained with those of a reference simulation, in particular the total liquid water content (LWC) and the LWC distributions in a horizontal cross section. Also, a sensitivity test of lengthscale for GPR mapping is performed. The results of exploring a static cloud are then extended to a dynamic case of a cloud evolving with time, to assess the application of this exploration strategy to study the evolution of cloud heterogeneities.
A new borehole electromagnetic receiver developed for controlled-source electromagnetic methods
Authors: Song Sixuan , Deng Ming , Chen Kai , A Muer , Jin Sheng
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Conventional surface electromagnetic methods have limitations of a shallow detection depth and low
resolution. To increase the detection depth and resolution, borehole–surface electromagnetic
methods for electromagnetic three-dimensional observations of the ground, tunnels, and boreholes
have been developed. Current borehole receivers only measure a single parameter of the magnetic
field component, which does not meet the special requirements of controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) methods. This study proposes a borehole electromagnetic receiver that realizes synchronous
acquisition of the vertical electric field component in the borehole and the three-axis orthogonal
magnetic field components. This receiver uses Ti electrodes and fluxgate magnetometers (fluxgates)
as sensors to acquire electric and magnetic field components. Multi-component comprehensive
observation methods that add the electric field component can effectively support the CSEM method,
improve detection accuracy, and exhibit a strong potential for detecting deep ore bodies. We
conducted laboratory and field experiments to verify the performance of our new borehole
electromagnetic receiver. The receiver achieved a magnetic field noise of less than
6 pTHz-1/2 at 1 kHz, and the electric field noise floor was approximately
20 nVm-1Hz-1/2 at 1 kHz. The −3 dB electric field bandwidth
can reach DC −10 kHz. The results of our experiments prove that high-quality CSEM
signals can be obtained using this new borehole electromagnetic receiver and that the electric
field component exhibits sufficient advantages for measuring the vertical component of the
electric field.
Plume spreading test case for coastal ocean models
Authors: Fofonova Vera , Kärnä Tuomas , Klingbeil Knut , Androsov Alexey , Kuznetsov Ivan , Sidorenko Dmitry , Danilov Sergey , Burchard Hans , Wiltshire Karen Helen
Published: February 2021

Abstract. We present a test case of river plume spreading to evaluate numerical methods used in coastal ocean modeling. The main characteristics of the plume dynamics are predicted analytically, but are difficult to reproduce numerically because of numerical mixing present in the models. Our test case reveals the level of numerical mixing as well as the ability of models to reproduce nonlinear processes and frontal zone dynamics. We propose an analysis of simulated plume spreading which may be useful in more general studies of plume dynamics. The major result of our comparative study is that accuracy in reproducing the analytical solution depends less on the type of applied model architecture or numerical grid than it does on the type of advection scheme.
Aquifer recharge in the Piedmont Alpine zone: Historical trends
and future scenarios
Authors: Brussolo Elisa , Palazzi Elisa , von Hardenberg Jost , Masetti Giulio , Vivaldo Gianna , Previati Maurizio , Canone Davide , Gisolo Davide , Bevilacqua Ivan , Provenzale Antonello , Ferraris Stefano
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The spatial and temporal variability of temperature, precipitation, actual evapotranspiration and of the related water balance components, as well as their responses to anthropogenic climate change, provide fundamental information for an effective management of water resources. In this study we evaluated the past, present and future quantity of groundwater resources available for drinking supply in the water catchments feeding the about 2.3 million inhabitants of the Greater Turin metropolitan area (North-Western Italy), considering climatologies at the quarterly and yearly timescales. Observed temperature and precipitation data from 1959 to 2017 were analyzed to assess historical trends, their significance and the possible cross-correlations between the water balance components. Regional climate model (RCM) simulations from a small ensemble were analysed to provide mid-century projections of aquifer recharge for the area of interest under two emission scenarios. The analysis over the historical period indicated that the driest areas of the study region displayed negative annual (and spring quarter) trends of the difference between precipitation and actual evapotranspiration. Even close-by watersheds exhibit different behaviors, given the large spatial variability of this area at the edge between the Alps and the Mediterranean region. The analysis of future projections suggested almost stationary conditions for annual recharge, with a slight decrease in the second half of the year. The future trends of drainage are very different across the considered RCM ensemble. The large interannual variability of precipitation was identified as the most relevant risk factor for water management, expected to play a major role also in future decades.
APOIA: DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM PROTÓTIPO PARA APLICATIVO MÓVEL DE APOIO SOCIAL À GESTAÇÃO
Authors: Hundertmarck Katiele , Maroneze Marília Cunha , Santos Bianca Zimmermann dos , Vieira Sylvio André Garcia , Mello Gabriel Dal Forno , Frigo Junior Jefferson Marcon , Dotto Patrícia Pasquali
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: elaborar um protótipo para um aplicativo móvel a fim de ampliar a disponibilidade de apoio social para as gestantes. Método: trata-se de um estudo misto, tipo transversal, realizado com gestantes usuárias da atenção básica à saúde de unidades vinculadas ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Elaborou-se, a partir dos resultados obtidos na pesquisa, um protótipo para aplicativo móvel no modelo SCRUM para sistema operacional Android. Resultados: nominou-se o protótipo de Apoia. Revelam-se as funcionalidades do Apoia de proporcionar a interação entre a gestante e as pessoas por ela escolhidas para comporem a rede social, possibilitar a troca de mensagens de apoio, resgatar a disponibilidade das pessoas em oferecer ajuda, assessorando, dessas formas, a mulher grávida no processo de viabilização do apoio social. Conclusão: acredita-se que o Apoia é um recurso inovador, com o intuito de construir e ampliar o apoio social para gestantes usuárias a partir da construção e flexibilização da rede social com o uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação na saúde.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE LESÕES CUTÂNEAS CRÔNICAS DE PACIENTES INTERNADOS
Authors: Martins Anita Fernanda Magalhães , Peres Aline Almeida , Campos Caroline Silva , Santos Kelli Borges dos
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: descrever o perfil da ocorrência de lesões cutâneas em pacientes internados em um hospital público de ensino. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, prospectivo, transversal. Informa-se que amostra foi composta por 40 pacientes. Empregou-se, para a coleta de dados, questionário estruturado e validado. Coletaram-se dados sobre características sociodemográficas como idade, estado civil e características da lesão, tempo de ocorrência, localização e causa. Realizou-se a coleta de dados de todos os pacientes internados com presença de lesão que aceitaram participar da pesquisa. Resultados: mostra-se que maioria do sexo feminino, casada, com Ensino Fundamental completo, idade média de 58,5 anos e apresentando comorbidades; quanto à característica das lesões, a mais frequente foi a lesão única, do tipo lesão por pressão, com tempo de um a seis meses e localidade na região sacral. Conclusão: tornou-se o conhecimento do perfil dos pacientes e das lesões fundamental para o planejamento da assistência a ser prestada, inclusive quanto à provisão de materiais e ao dimensionamento da equipe de Enfermagem.
ASPECTOS EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS DA MORTALIDADE INFANTIL
Authors: Brito Leandro Cardozo dos Santos , Sousa Walana Érika Amâncio , Coelho Sara Ferreira , Pacheco Haylla Simone Almeida , Moreira Rômulo Dias , Lira Júnior José Wilson , Carvalho Izabel Cristina Da Silva , Filgueiras Marcelo De Carvalho
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: analisar a taxa de mortalidade infantil no Brasil, por regiões. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, retrospectivo, epidemiológico, transversal. Compôs-se a amostra por todos os nascidos vivos e óbitos de crianças menores de um ano registrados no SINASC e SIM, respectivamente. Obtiveram-se os dados por meio da plataforma digital DATASUS. Resultados: registraram-se 128.332 óbitos infantis na região Nordeste durante esse período, tendo como seus principais fatores a idade materna menor de 14 anos, mães sem escolaridade, gestações com duração de 22 a 27 semanas, crianças nascidas de parto vaginal, sexo masculino, cor/raça indígena, peso ao nascer menor que 999 gramas e baixa atenção à mulher na gestação. Conclusão: concluiu-se que grande parte dos óbitos infantis no Nordeste está ligada a causas maternas, evidenciando-se falha na assistência de saúde. Podem-se alterar esses números por meio de uma assistência pré-natal adequada, planejamento familiar e qualificação da promoção de saúde.
DIAGNÓSTICO DE ENFERMAGEM RELACIONADOS AO ALOJAMENTO CONJUNTO
Authors: Martins Angélica Branquinho , Bezerra Nycarla Araujo , Balbino Polyana Magna Dias , Santos Raquel Bezerra
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: identificar os Diagnósticos de Enfermagem que estão publicados na literatura relacionados ao alojamento conjunto. Método: trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico do tipo revisão integrativa com o recorte de 2010 a 2020 e busca nas seguintes bases de dados: LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO. Foram utilizados os descritores: puerpério, diagnóstico de enfermagem e processo de enfermagem com o seguinte marcador booleano: AND. Resultados: a amostra foi constituída por 03 artigos que apresentaram Diagnósticos de Enfermagem relacionados ao alojamento conjunto utilizando a taxonomia II da NANDA-I, diagnósticos de enfermagem, amamentação eficaz, amamentação ineficaz, risco de infecção, risco de desequilíbrio na temperatura corporal, conforto prejudicado. Conclusão: este estudo possibilitou identificar os Diagnósticos de Enfermagem mais comuns no alojamento conjunto, contribuindo para o fortalecimento do Processo de Enfermagem.
FATORES ASSOCIADOS AO USO NOCIVO DE DROGAS EM MOTORISTAS “PIRATEIROS”
Authors: Castelo Branco Fernanda Matos Fernandes , Mamede Letícia Da Silva , Castelo Branco Neto Tancredo
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: verificar os fatores associados ao uso nocivo de drogas entre os motoristas de transportes alternativos conhecidos como “pirateiros”. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, realizado com 40 “pirateiros". Coletaram-se os dados por meio de um questionário e o Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Test (ASSIST). Empregaram-se, na análise estatística, inicialmente, as tabelas de frequência simples no sentido de caracterizar a amostra. Utilizou-se, no segundo momento, o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson, com nível de significância de 0,05 (5%) para teste de associação. Resultados: verificou-se associação nas variáveis: uso de tabaco com estado civil (p=0,022); anfetamina com idade (p=0,002); álcool com estado civil (p-valor=0,0130). Conclusão: conclui-se que deve haver medidas de prevenção e promoção da saúde entre os motoristas, haja vista que estes profissionais estão diariamente exercendo atividades laborais, destacando a necessidade de políticas públicas locais.
PERFIL SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO, DE SAÚDE E LONGEVIDADE DE IDOSOS
Authors: Niwa Luciana Mitsue Sakano , Lima Wilma Resende , Giusti Barbara Bartuciotti , Van Aanholt Denise Philomene Joseph , Ciosak Suely Itsuko
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: descrever o perfil sociodemográfico, de saúde e longevidade de idosos. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, realizado com 524 idosos, cadastrados em Unidades de Saúde da Família, por meio de entrevistas nos seus domicílios. Incluíram-se participantes de ambos os sexos, com 80 anos ou mais, que tiveram o mínimo de 19 pontos no MEEM. Analisaram-se os dados por meio da estatística descritiva, apresentando-os em tabelas de frequência. Resultados: registra-se que as idades variaram de 80 a 108 anos, sendo que 70,4% dos idosos eram do sexo feminino, 84,4% residiam com familiares e muitos demonstravam baixa escolaridade. Aponta-se que a maioria dos idosos considerava a saúde boa, as principais morbidades foram a hipertensão arterial, artrose, hipercolesterolemia e Diabetes Mellitus, 71,6% não apresentaram quedas no último ano e a polifarmácia esteve presente. Associou-se a longevidade ao histórico familiar, contato familiar e atividades sociais. Conclusão: conclui-se que, no envelhecimento, deve-se considerar não só a quantidade dos anos vividos, mas a qualidade. Ressalta-se que o estudo não pretende encerrar a temática, mas ampliá-la e subsidiar discussões entre as comunidades acadêmicas e assistenciais na busca pelo envelhecimento saudável.
QUALIFIED ASSISTANCE TO PREGNANT WOMEN IN USE OF ALCOHOL AND DRUGS
Authors: Lima Marília Gabriela Teixeira , Santos Amuzza Aylla Pereira dos , Lobo Ana Luiza De Souza Faria , Oliveira Julio Cesar Silva , Silva Jovânia Marques de Oliveira e , Pedrosa Mychelly Pereira
Published: February 2021

Objective: to analyze the nursing care provided to pregnant women who abuse alcohol and other drugs. Method: it is reported that seven nurses from the Psychosocial Care Center participated in the research to treat users of alcohol and other drugs. It is detailed that the collection occurred through the semi-structured interview, the organization of the data followed the technique of Content Analysis and the study was based on the Theory of Imogene King. Results: three themes were evidenced: Looking towards achieving harm reduction, Integrality of being and Nursing Process x integralization of assistance. Conclusion: it is concluded that, although assistance is based on harm reduction, the study demonstrated that there is a failure in the care of pregnant women who use drugs, considering that one of the principles of the Unified Health System, comprehensiveness, is still far away to be attended to, as the pregnant woman is assisted only on aspects of the use of alcohol and other drugs.
SÍFILIS CONGÊNITA NA AMAZÔNIA:DESVELANDO A FRAGILIDADE NO TRATAMENTO
Authors: Lobato Patrícia Cristina Tavares , Aguiar Francisca Evelen Suelen Silva de , Mata Nely Dayse Santos da , Prudêncio Luzilena De Sousa , Nascimento Rosana Oliveira do , Braga Kelly Huany de Melo , Nemer Camila Rodrigues Barbosa , Menezes Rubens Alex De Oliveira
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: analisar a situação do tratamento inadequado da Sífilis Congênita. Método: trata-se de um estudo misto, descritivo, com dados coletados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, no período de 2014 a 2017. Realizaram-se, adicionalmente, entrevistas semiestruturadas com os profissionais de saúde da Atenção Básica, sendo os dados quantitativos estudados pela estatística descritiva e os qualitativos, por meio da Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: identificaram-se 61 recém-nascidos que receberam tratamento inadequado para SC. Entrevistaram-se enfermeiros da AB do município de Macapá atuantes nas áreas de abrangência das residências das crianças. Aponta-se que as análises das entrevistas permitiram a criação de três categorias: O saber dos enfermeiros sobre a doença; A experiência do enfermeiro para a detecção de casos de SC na sua área de atuação e, As estratégias do enfermeiro para a busca de crianças com história de sífilis. Conclusão: evidenciou-se a fragilidade no tratamento da SC em Macapá com um alto índice de tratamento inadequado. Avalia-se que os perfis sociodemográficos e clínico das mães e crianças potencializam as vulnerabilidades individual, programática e social.
SEXUALIDADE NA GRADE CURRICULAR ACADÊMICA DE ENFERMAGEM: AVALIAÇÃO EM UNIVERSIDADES
Authors: Silva Pablo Henrique Araújo , Silva Aurenice Gomes da , Vasconcelos Gleysla Millena Araújo de , Silva Jefferson Renato Silvério da , Souza José Douglas Silva de , Thorpe Lucia Ingridy Farias , Carvalho Rayne Raissa Correia de , Sousa Josueida De Carvalho
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: o presente artigo objetivo identificar, não tocar na sexualidade, uma composição das notas curriculares dos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem nas universidades do Recife. Método: estudo de campo de caráter exploratório. Para tanto, foram analisados os currículos das três universidades que estudaram a graduação em enfermagem no Recife, quais são os itens mais encontrados nos sites de instituições, bem como os que foram usados nas literaturas sobre a temática, presentes nas bases de dados (Pubmed, Scielo, Lilacs, Medline e Science Direct). Resultados: identificou-se nas notas curriculares das universidades do Recife e com ausência de conteúdos sobre sexualidade. Isso contribui para a falta de informações inerentes à temática,o que pode limitar o conhecimento do estudante para a demanda da população LGBTQIA + e comprometer a assistência prestada pelos futuros profissionais. Conclusão: uma inclusão no debate sobre sexualidade no programa pedagógico das universidades é um desafio no fortalecimento de uma política de atenção integral à saúde e implica uma necessidade de amplitude de conhecimento dos futuros profissionais de enfermagem para uma promoção efetiva do ensino e universalidade de acesso aos serviços de Enfermagem necessários.