bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of a Grid-connected Photovoltaic Inverter with Maximum Power Point Tracking using Perturb and Observe Technique
Authors: Razzak M. Abdur , Bhuiyan Wahida Taskin , Natasha Nawrin Islam , Muzahidul Islam A K M , Mohammed Amin Muhamad Kamal
Published: February 2017

There is no easy way to convert Photovoltaic (PV) energy with high efficiency due to dynamic changes in solar irradiance and temperature. This paper illustrates a control strategy to design and implementation of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in a photovoltaic system using Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm. The PSIM simulation results confirm proper functioning of the proposed MPPT sub-circuit to achieve a constant 48V DC output from fluctuating voltage of solar panel by varying duty cycle of the MOSFET in the 24V-48V boost converter. The filtered output waveform of the SPWM driven H-bridge inverter via the L-C low pass filter is found to be a pure sine-wave of 48V peak which is then stepped-up 312V peak (220V rms) by using a step up transformer. The frequency of output voltage is found to be 50Hz with a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 0.001 which is much lower than the IEEE 519 standard.
Open-switch Fault-tolerant Control of Power Converters in a Grid-connected Photovoltaic System
Authors: Boudjellal Bilal , Benslimane Tarak
Published: February 2017

This paper presents the study of an open switch fault tolerant control of a grid-connected photovoltaic system. The studied system is based on the classical DC–DC boost converter and a bidirectional 6-pulse DC–AC converter. The objective is to provide an open-switch fault detection method and fault-tolerant control for both of boost converter and grid-side converter (GSC) in a grid-connected photovoltaic system. A fast fault detection method and a reliable fault-tolerant topology are required to ensure continuity of service, and achieve a faster corrective maintenance. In this work, the mean value of the error voltages is used as fault indicator for the GSC, while, for the boost converter the inductor current form is used as fault indicator. The fault-tolerant topology was achieved by adding one redundant switch to the boost converter, and by adding one redundant leg to the GSC. The results of the fault tolerant control are presented and discussed to validate the proposed approach under different scenarios and different solar irradiances.
CAG ПОЛІМОРФІЗМ ГЕНА АНДРОГЕНОВОГО РЕЦЕПТОРА У ЖІНОК В ПОСТМЕНОПАУЗІ ХВОРИХ НА АРТЕРІАЛЬНУ ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЮ ТА ЦУКРОВИЙ ДІАБЕТ
Authors: Butovа T. S.
Published: February 2017

Дослідити зв'язок між CAG-повторами гена AR та рівнем дигідротестостерону (ДГТ) у сироватці крові у жінок у постменопаузі (ПМ), хворих на цукровий діабет (ЦД) 2 типу та артеріальну гіпертензію (АГ).106 жінок у ПМ були поділені на групи: до 1 входило 30 хворих на ЦД 2 типу; до 2 – 34 хворих на АГ 2–3 ступеня; до 3 – 42 хворих на АГ 2–3 ступеня та ЦД 2 типу, до групи контролю – 31 жінка. У всіх жінок імуноферментним способом вимірювали рівень ДГТ в сироватці крові, виділяли геном ДНК з лейкоцитів крові, проводили ідентифікацію кількості САG-повторів у гені AR методом ПЦР.CAG-повтори спостерігали у 96 (70,07±3,91 %) з 137 випадків. Мінімальне число CAG-повторів дорівнювало 14, максимальне – 28, поширеність алелів гена AR була достовірно різною залежно від груп пацієнток. З метою визначення впливу поліморфізму гена AR на ризик розвитку захворювання було проведено порівняльний аналіз довжини алелей між групами спостереження за допомогою показника SBM. За критичне значення кількості CAG-повторів було взято 22 повтори. Між показниками рівня ДГТ і CAG-повторами серед всіх груп спостерігається прямий кореляційний зв’язок.АГ як супутня хвороба негативно впливає на перебіг ЦД 2 типу у жінок у ПМ, що виражається у більшому підвищенні рівня ДГТ у венозній крові у групі хворих з коморбідною патологією, ніж у хворих на ЦД 2 типу.Виявлено зв'язок між рівнем ДГТ у плазмі крові та кількістю CAG-повторів у жінок у ПМ, більш сильний кореляційний зв'язок був між ДГТ і «довгими» алелями гена AR у групі з коморбідною патологією (АГ з ЦД 2 типу).Наявність збільшеної кількості CAG-повторів у гені AR можна розцінювати як предиктор розвитку та прогресії АГ у жінок з ЦД 2 типу у ПМ.
ОЦІНКА СІМЕЙНОЇ СИТУАЦІЇ ТА МАТЕРИНСЬКО-ДИТЯЧИХ ВІДНОСИН ОЧИМА ДІТЕЙ МАТЕРІВ, ХВОРИХ НА ПАРАНОЇДНУ ШИЗОФРЕНІЮ
Authors: Driuchenko M. О.
Published: February 2017

Вивчення особливостей сімейного функціонування та материнсько-дитячих відносин з точки зору дітей матерів, хворих на параноїдну шизофренію (ПШ). На базі психіатричного відділення Закарпатського обласного наркологічного диспансеру протягом 2014 – 2016 рр. обстежено 100 жінок, хворих на ПШ, та 112 їх дітей (12 жінок мали двох дітей). Жінки були обстежені за допомогою клініко-психопатологічного та психодіагностичного методів, діти – з використанням проективної методики «Кінетичний малюнок сімʼї». Визначено тісний зв’язок порушень сімейного функціонування і сприйняття дитиною родинної ситуації з тяжкістю психопатологічної симптоматики у матерів, хворих на ПШ. У дітей, матері яких хворі на ПШ, виявлено значуще нижчі показники сімейного функціонування за шкалою «Сприятлива сімейна ситуація» (середнє значення 0,46±0,16 балів, р<0,01) та значуще вищі показники за шкалами «Тривожність» (0,97±0,24 балів, р<0,01), «Конфліктність у сім'ї» (1,02±0,27 балів, р<0,01), «Почуття неповноцінності у сімейній ситуації» (0,98±0,21 балів, р<0,01), «Ворожість у сімейній ситуації» (0,95±0,21 балів, р<0,01), що свідчить про наявність дисоціації у материнсько-дитячій взаємодії та деформації сімейного функціонування в родинах, де мати хворіє на ПШ. Наявність тяжкого психічного захворювання на ПШ у матері суттєво впливала на стан психоемоційної сфери дитини і спричиняла глибокі порушення сімейного функціонування. Отримані дані були покладені нами в основу розробки системи медико-психологічних заходів оптимізації материнсько-дитячої взаємодії у жінок, хворих на ПШ.
ВИВЧЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ДІЇ ІНСУЛІНОВИХ СЕНСИТАЙЗЕРІВ НА ВУГЛЕВОДНИЙ ТА ЛІПІДНИЙ ОБМІН У ХВОРИХ З ДИФУЗНИМ ТОКСИЧНИМ ЗОБОМ ТА ІНСУЛІНОРЕЗИСТЕНТНІСТЮ
Authors: Kikhtyak O. P. , Lishchuk O. Z. , Moskva K. A.
Published: February 2017

Наукові роботи останніх років звертають увагу на знижену чутливість до інсуліну в хворих із функціональною тиреоїдною патологією як при гіпо-, так і при гіпертиреозі. В результаті проведеного дослідження виявлено сприятливий вплив додаткового призначення інсулінових сенситайзерів хворим з дифузним токсичним зобом і наявною інсулінорезистентністю на показники вуглеводного та ліпідного обміну, а також позитивний ефект на тиреоїдну функцію. Отримані результати свідчать про тісний зв’язок між рівнем тиреоїдних гормонів і глюкозним метаболізмом.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МОРФОМЕТРИЧНИХ ЗМІН ЯЄЧНИКІВ ЩУРІВ ЗА УМОВ ПОЄДНАНОГО ВВЕДЕННЯ АЦЕТАТУ СВИНЦЮ З ЦИТРАТОМ ЗАЛІЗА
Authors: Kolosova I. I.
Published: February 2017

Встановлено, що вплив низьких доз ацетату свинцю призводив до зменшення показників товщини поверхневого епітелію та білкової оболонки, зменшення кількості примордіальних фолікулів при збільшенні атретичних. При поєднаному введенні ацетату свинцю з цитратом заліза відносно групи свинцевої експозиції збільшилися показники товщини поверхневого епітелію та білкової оболонки, збільшилась кількість примордіальних фолікулів при зменшенні атретичних.
АНАЛІЗ ПРИЧИН НЕЗАДОВІЛЬНИХ РЕЗУЛЬТАТІВ ХІРУРГІЧНОГО ЛІКУВАННЯ ХВОРИХ НА ПОЄДНАНІ ФОРМИ ЛЕГЕНЕВОГО ТУБЕРКУЛЬОЗУ ТА РАКУ ЛЕГЕНЬ ІЗ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯМ СТАНДАРТНИХ МЕТОДИК
Authors: Коshak Yu. F.
Published: February 2017

Представлено перший в Україні аналіз незадовільних результатів хірургічного лікування хворих на поєднані форми легеневого туберкульозу та раку легень із застосуванням стандартних діагностичних та хірургічних методик. Проаналізовано морфологічні особливості поєднаних форм легеневого туберкульозу та недрібноклітинного раку легень. Показано провідний вплив легеневого туберкульозу на операційне лікування хворих на поєднані форми туберкульозу та раку легень у групі порівняння.
МІНЕРАЛЬНА ЩІЛЬНІСТЬ КІСТКОВОЇ ТКАНИНИ ТА ЧАСТОТА ОСТЕОПОРОЗУ В УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ЖІНОК З МЕТАБОЛІЧНИМ СИНДРОМОМ
Authors: Povoroznyuk V. V. , Martynyuk L. P.
Published: February 2017

З метою визначення частоти остеопорозу (ОП) та низької мінеральної щільності кісткової тканини (МЩКТ) в українських жінок нами було обстежено 1009 осіб, середній вік яких склав (63,2±9,0) роки років, а середня маса тіла – (70,9±12,3) кг. Усі обстежені перебували у постменопаузальному періоді. Пацієнтки були поділені на дві групи. До контрольної групи увійшли 755 жінок без ожиріння (індекс маси тіла ≤ 29,9 кг/м2). Іншу групу склали 254 пацієнтки з метаболічним синдромом (МС). Групи були зіставними за віком та тривалістю менопаузального періоду. Оцінку МЩКТ на рівні поперекового відділу хребта, шийки стегнової кістки, передпліччя, всього скелета проводили на двоенергетичному рентгенівському денситометрі (Prodigy, 2005 р.). Діагностику остеопорозу та низької МЩКТ проводили згідно з критеріями офіційної позиції ISCD, 2007 року (переглянуті у 2015 році). Статистичний аналіз проводили за допомогою програми Statistica 6,0. Нами було проведене порівняння МЩКТ, частоти нормальної, низької МЩКТ та остеопорозу у хворих контрольної групи та пацієнток з МС. Виявлено, що у хворих з метаболічним синдромом частота остеопорозу та низької МЩКТ є вірогідно нижчою, порівняно з показниками групи осіб без ожиріння.
ВЗАЄМОЗВ’ЯЗОК МІЖ ДАНИМИ УЗД КОЛІННИХ СУГЛОБІВ ТА РІВНЕМ БОЛЮЗА ШКАЛАМИ ВАШ, WOMAC ТА LEQUESNE У ПАЦІЄНТІВ З ОСТЕОАРТРОЗОМ, ГІПЕРТОНІЧНОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ ТА ОЖИРІННЯМ
Authors: Tanas O. V. , Khukhlina O. S. , Haidychuk V. S.
Published: February 2017

У роботі представлені результати артросонографії колінних суглобів у пацієнтів з остеоартрозом та за умов коморбідності з гіпертонічною хворобою і ожирінням, дані опитування за шкалами ВАШ, WOMAC та визначення альгофункціонального індексу Lequesne з метою встановлення взаємозв’язків між досліджуваними показниками.
ВПЛИВ L-КАРНІТИНУ НА ПРОЯВИ ЛІПІДНОГО ДИСТРЕС-СИНДРОМУ В КОМПЛЕКСНОМУ ЛІКУВАННІ ХРОНІЧНОГО ПАНКРЕАТИТУ У ХВОРИХ НА ОЖИРІННЯ
Authors: Khukhlina O. S. , Smandych V. S.
Published: February 2017

У роботі представлено вплив L-карнітину на перебіг хронічного панкреатиту у хворих на ожиріння, особливість ліпідного спектра крові, а також ендокринні аспекти його регуляції.
МІЖОСОБИСТІСНА ВЗАЄМОДІЯ У КОСМЕТОЛОГІЧНИХ ПАЦІЄНТІВ ЗІ ЗНИЖЕНОЮ САМООЦІНКОЮ
Authors: Yudin M. A.
Published: February 2017

У дослідженні проводилося вивчення особливостей міжособистісної взаємодії у пацієнтів косметологічного профілю з дисгармонійним самовідношенням та зниженою самооцінкою. Дослідження проводилося на базі медичного центру «СА-КЛІНІК» протягом 2014 – 2016 років. У тестуванні взяли участь 204 жінки, які звернулися за косметологічною допомогою. Опитуваних було поділено на групи на основі критерію самовідношення: основну групу склали особи з дисгармонійним типом з тенденцією до заниженої самооцінки (ОГ, n=108), групу порівняння склали жінки з гармонійним типом (ГП, n=96). У жінок із дисгармонійним самовідношенням були вищими рівні підозріливості, підлеглості, залежності, у опитуваних з гармонійним – авторитарності та дружелюбності, р<0,05. Профіль міжособистісної взаємодії у жінок з дисгармонійним самовідношенням та зниженою самооцінкою характеризувався проявами підозріливості, образливості, нетовариськості, сприйняття оточення як недоброзичливого та ворожого, неконгруентності у контактах з оточуючими, емоційною залежністю від близьких, комунікативними труднощами у взаємодії з людьми, вираженим відчуттям незручності у новому соціальному середовищі, підлеглістю, пасивністю, невпевненістю у собі, податливістю думці інших людей, нездатністю ефективно відстоювати власну позицію, схильністю до компромісів всупереч своїм інтересам. Особливості міжособистісної взаємодії жінок з дисгармонійним самовідношенням та зниженою самооцінкою – значимий чинник особистісної та психосоціальної дезадаптації. Психокорекція сфери міжособистісної взаємодії – важлива складова медико-психологічної допомоги для пацієнтів з косметологічними проблемами.
ПРОБЛЕМА ПСИХОСОМАТИЧНИХ СПІВВІДНОШЕНЬ У ХВОРИХ НА ІШЕМІЧНУ ХВОРОБУ СЕРЦЯ
Authors: Yurtseniuk O. S. , Karvatska N. S. , Savka S. D. , Rotar S. S. , Kuryk V. I.
Published: February 2017

В статті розглянута проблема психосоматичних співвідношень у кардіологічній практиці. В результаті проведеного дослідження встановлено рівні особистісної тривоги, реактивної тривожності, алекситимії у хворих на інфаркт міокарда. Виявлено головні типи реагування на хворобу у даної когорти пацієнтів. Сформульовано висновки.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ АМІНОКИСЛОТНОГО СКЛАДУ PORTULACA OLERACEA L. ТА PORTULACA GRANDIFLORA HOOK
Authors: Kinichenko A. O.
Published: February 2017

Визначено якісний склад та кількісний вміст 17 амінокислот у листі, траві, коренях портулаку городнього та портулаку великоквіткового. Домінуючими амінокислотами в усіх зразках були аланін, аргінін, аспарагінова кислота, валін, гліцин та лізин.
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ КІЛЬКІСНОГО ВМІСТУ І СУПУТНІХ ДОМІШОК ПРОТІОНАМІДУ МЕТОДОМ ВИСОКОЕФЕКТИВНОЇ РІДИННОЇ ХРОМАТОГРАФІЇ
Authors: Tarasenko N. L. , Shostak А. R. , Brytsun V. M. , Ostanina N. V.
Published: February 2017

З метою оцінки якості здійснено кількісне визначення і контроль супутніх домішок протитуберкульозного препарату ІІ ряду протіонаміду. Дослідження проводились методом обернено-фазової високоефективної рідинної хроматографії, на спектрофотометричному детекторі, в ізократичному режимі з детектуванням в УФ- області спектра. Кількісне визначення основної речовини зроблено з використанням зовнішнього стандарту. Для встановлення кількості домішок був застосований метод порівняння з розведеним розчином основної речовини. Показано, що за перевіреними параметрами лікарський препарат відповідає вимогам нормативних документів: містить 99,7 % від заявленої кількості протіонаміду і < 0,54 % домішок.
Uma obra didática e suas diferentes versões
Authors: Fernandes Antonia Terra de Calazans
Published: February 2017

O texto compara diferentes publicações de um material didático, de José Estácio Corrêa de Sá e Benevides, professor de História da Escola Normal de São Paulo, que lecionou entre os anos de 1880 e 1914. A primeira publicação foi em 1902, em uma revista para professores; a segunda, em 1903, no formato de livro didático pela editora Typografia Andrade & Mello; a terceira, sem identificação de data, pela editora N. Falcone & Comp.; e a quarta, em 1912, publicada pela Editora Francisco Alves. São analisadas as estruturas dos textos, alguns conteúdos, a concepção de história e alguns diálogos entre o autor e sua bibliografia. Em um contexto de predominância da História Universal, com conteúdos da história sagrada, o autor organizou material com foco na História da Civilização, afirmando ser uma versão mais moderna para a história. Mas, sua obra expressava conflitos de um momento de transição, com novas tendências para o ensino e crenças religiosas da sociedade brasileira.
Ganhar a vida. Uma história do barbeiro africano Antonio José Dutra e sua família. Rio de Janeiro, século XIX
Authors: Jeha Silvana
Published: February 2017

Este artigo versa sobre as artes dos barbeiros sangradores e músicos no Rio de Janeiro oitocentista, centrado na  história de um deles: Antonio José Dutra. O texto também esboça traços biográficos de seus herdeiros. O patriarca, “ natural do Reino do Congo”, veio escravizado para o Brasil e obteve  alforria no início da década de 1820. Em 1849, quando morreu, possuía uma barbearia, uma banda, 13 escravos e dois imóveis. Era pai de seis filhos naturais, frutos de três relacionamentos. Se por um lado, os filhos não lograram o mesmo sucesso do pai, por outro, o seu legado cultural e financeiro foi fundamental para suas vidas remediadas de negros livres numa sociedade escravista.
Economia e demografia da escravidão no Maranhão e no Grão-Pará: uma análise comparativa da estrutura da posse de cativos (1785-1850)
Authors: Mota Antonia da Silva , Barroso Daniel Souza
Published: February 2017

O artigo examina as estruturas da posse de escravos dos principais espaços de economia agrícola do Maranhão e agroextrativista do Grão-Pará, entre os anos de 1785 e 1850. A partir da análise serial de inventários post-mortem, reconstroem-se os padrões de distri-buição e os graus de concentração da propriedade escrava, assim como as características dos cativos desses espaços segundo a origem africana ou crioula, o sexo e a idade.
Sex Differences in the Performance of Cardiac Computed Tomography Compared With Functional Testing in Evaluating Stable Chest Pain
Authors: Lubbers Marisa , Coenen Adriaan , Bruning Tobias , Galema Tjebbe , Akkerhuis Jurgen , Krenning Boudewijn , Musters Paul , Ouhlous Mohamed , Liem Ahno , Niezen Andre , Dedic Admir , van Domburg Ron , Hunink Miriam , Nieman Koen
Published: February 2017

Background—

Cardiac computed tomography (CT) represents an alternative diagnostic strategy for women with suspected coronary artery disease, with potential benefits in terms of effectiveness and cost-efficiency.

Methods and Results—

The CRESCENT trial (Calcium Imaging and Selective CT Angiography in Comparison to Functional Testing for Suspected Coronary Artery Disease) prospectively randomized 350 patients with stable angina (55% women; aged 55±10 years), mostly with an intermediate coronary artery disease probability, between cardiac CT and functional testing. The tiered cardiac CT protocol included a calcium scan followed by CT angiography if the Agatston calcium score was between 1 and 400. Patients with test-specific contraindications were not excluded from study participation. Sex differences were studied as a prespecified subanalysis. Enrolled women presented more frequently with atypical chest pain and had a lower pretest probability of coronary artery disease compared with men. Independently of these differences, cardiac CT led in both sexes to a fast final diagnosis when compared with functional testing, although the effect was larger in women (
P
interaction=0.01). The reduced need for further testing after CT, compared with functional testing, was most evident in women (
P
interaction=0.009). However, no sex interaction was observed with respect to changes in angina and quality of life, cumulative diagnostic costs, and applied radiation dose (all
P
interactions≥0.097).

Conclusions—

Cardiac CT is more efficient in women than in men in terms of time to reach the final diagnosis and downstream testing. However, overall clinical outcome showed no significant difference between women and men after 1 year.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01393028.
Four-Dimensional Microvascular Analysis Reveals That Regenerative Angiogenesis in Ischemic Muscle Produces a Flawed Microcirculation
Authors: Arpino John-Michael , Nong Zengxuan , Li Fuyan , Yin Hao , Ghonaim Nour , Milkovich Stephanie , Balint Brittany , O’Neil Caroline , Fraser Graham M. , Goldman Daniel , Ellis Christopher G. , Pickering J. Geoffrey
Published: February 2017

Rationale:

Angiogenesis occurs after ischemic injury to skeletal muscle, and enhancing this response has been a therapeutic goal. However, to appropriately deliver oxygen, a precisely organized and exquisitely responsive microcirculation must form. Whether these network attributes exist in a regenerated microcirculation is unknown, and methodologies for answering this have been lacking.

Objective:

To develop 4-dimensional methodologies for elucidating microarchitecture and function of the reconstructed microcirculation in skeletal muscle.

Methods and Results:

We established a model of complete microcirculatory regeneration after ischemia-induced obliteration in the mouse extensor digitorum longus muscle. Dynamic imaging of red blood cells revealed the regeneration of an extensive network of flowing neo-microvessels, which after 14 days structurally resembled that of uninjured muscle. However, the skeletal muscle remained hypoxic. Red blood cell transit analysis revealed slow and stalled flow in the regenerated capillaries and extensive arteriolar-venular shunting. Furthermore, spatial heterogeneity in capillary red cell transit was highly constrained, and red blood cell oxygen saturation was low and inappropriately variable. These abnormalities persisted to 120 days after injury. To determine whether the regenerated microcirculation could regulate flow, the muscle was subjected to local hypoxia using an oxygen-permeable membrane. Hypoxia promptly increased red cell velocity and flux in control capillaries, but in neocapillaries, the response was blunted. Three-dimensional confocal imaging revealed that neoarterioles were aberrantly covered by smooth muscle cells, with increased interprocess spacing and haphazard actin microfilament bundles.

Conclusions:

Despite robust neovascularization, the microcirculation formed by regenerative angiogenesis in skeletal muscle is profoundly flawed in both structure and function, with no evidence for normalizing over time. This network-level dysfunction must be recognized and overcome to advance regenerative approaches for ischemic disease.
Early Rehospitalization After Prolonged Intensive Care Unit Stay Post Cardiac Surgery: Outcomes and Modifiable Risk Factors
Authors: Manji Rizwan A. , Arora Rakesh C. , Singal Rohit K. , Hiebert Brett M. , Menkis Alan H.
Published: February 2017

Background

Prolonged intensive care unit length of stay (pr
ICULOS
) following cardiac surgery (
CS
) in older adults is increasingly common but rehospitalization characteristics and outcomes are understudied. We sought to describe the rehospitalization characteristics and subsequent non‐institutionalized survival of pr
ICULOS
(
ICULOS
≥5 days) patients and identify modifiable risk factors to decrease 30‐day rehospitalization.

Methods and Results

Consecutive patients from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2011 were analyzed utilizing linked clinical and administrative databases. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with 30‐day rehospitalization. Out of 9210 consecutive patients discharged from the hospital alive, 596 (6.5%) experienced pr
ICULOS
. Cumulative incidence of rehospitalization for the pr
ICULOS
cohort at 30 and 365 days was 17.5% and 45.6% versus 11.4% and 28.1% for non‐pr
ICULOS
(
P
<0.01). Over 40% of rehospitalizations for the entire cohort occurred within 30 days of discharge costing over $12 million. The most common reasons for rehospitalization were heart failure (in pr
ICULOS
) and infection (in non‐pr
ICULOS
). Rehospitalization within 30 days was associated with a 2.29‐fold risk of poor 1‐year noninstitutionalized survival for the entire cohort. Potentially modifiable factors affecting 30‐day rehospitalization included lack of physician visits within 30 days of discharge (odds ratio 2.11;
P
=0.01), and preoperative anxiety diagnosis (odds ratio 2.20;
P
=0.01).

Conclusions

Pr
ICULOS
patients have high rates of rehospitalization that is associated with an increased rate of poor noninstitutionalized survival. Addressing modifiable risk factors including early postdischarge access to physician services, as well as access to mental health services may improve patient outcomes.
Does Additional Electrogram‐Guided Ablation After Linear Ablation Reduce Recurrence After Catheter Ablation for Longstanding Persistent Atrial Fibrillation? A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Kim Tae‐Hoon , Uhm Jae‐Sun , Kim Jong‐Youn , Joung Boyoung , Lee Moon‐Hyoung , Pak Hui‐Nam
Published: February 2017

Background

Although circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI) catheter ablation may not be sufficient for long‐standing persistent atrial fibrillation (L‐PeAF), it is not clear which ablation strategy is beneficial in addition to CPVI. We sought to investigate whether additional complex fractionated atrial electrogram (CFAE)‐guided ablation improves clinical outcomes in L‐PeAF patients who exhibit continuous atrial fibrillation (AF) after CPVI and linear ablation (Line).

Methods and Results

This study enrolled 137 L‐PeAF patients (71.4% male, 61.6±10.9 years old) who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation. We conducted CPVI+Line based on the Dallas lesion set (posterior box+anterior line) after baseline CFAE mapping in all patients. If AF was defragmented (terminated or changed to atrial tachycardia), the procedure was stopped (AF‐Defrag group, n=29). If AF was maintained after CPVI+Line, we mapped the CFAE again and randomly assigned the patient to the CPVI+Line group (n=54) or the additional CFAE ablation group (CPVI+Line+CFAE group, n=54). L‐PeAF was defragmented during CPVI+Line in 21.2% of patients (29/137, AF‐Defrag group). The mean CFAE cycle length was prolonged (
P
<0.001), and CFAE area (CFAE cycle length <120 milliseconds) was reduced (
P
<0.001) after CPVI+Line in the remaining patients. Procedure time was longer in the CPVI+Line+CFAE group than the CPVI+Line group (
P
=0.023), but procedure‐related complication rates did not vary. During 22.3±13.2 months of follow‐up, the clinical recurrence rates were 17.2% in the AF‐Defrag group, 18.5% in the CPVI+Line group, and 32.1% in the CPVI+Line+CFAE group (log rank,
P
=0.166).

Conclusions

Although CPVI+Line reduces and localizes CFAE area, additional CFAE ablation after CPVI+Line does not improve the clinical outcomes of catheter ablation in patients with L‐PeAF.
Enhanced prefrontal functional–structural networks to support postural control deficits after traumatic brain injury in a pediatric population
Authors: Diez Ibai , Drijkoningen David , Stramaglia Sebastiano , Bonifazi Paolo , Marinazzo Daniele , Gooijers Jolien , Swinnen Stephan P. , Cortes Jesus M.
Published: February 2017

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects structural connectivity, triggering the reorganization of structural–functional circuits in a manner that remains poorly understood. We focus here on brain network reorganization in relation to postural control deficits after TBI. We enrolled young participants who had suffered moderate to severe TBI, comparing them to young, typically developing control participants. TBI patients (but not controls) recruited prefrontal regions to interact with two separated networks: (1) a subcortical network, including parts of the motor network, basal ganglia, cerebellum, hippocampus, amygdala, posterior cingulate gyrus, and precuneus; and (2) a task-positive network, involving regions of the dorsal attention system, together with dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal regions. We also found that the increased prefrontal connectivity in TBI patients was correlated with some postural control indices, such as the amount of body sway, whereby patients with worse balance increased their connectivity in frontal regions more strongly. The increased prefrontal connectivity found in TBI patients may provide the structural scaffolding for stronger cognitive control of certain behavioral functions, consistent with the observations that various motor tasks are performed less automatically following TBI and that more cognitive control is associated with such actions.
Negotiating the Responsibility to Protect in the un System: The Roles of Formal and Informal Groups
Authors: Bellamy Alex J.
Published: February 2017

This article examines the role that groups played in the rise of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) within the United Nations (un) system. It focuses in particular on the role of informal groups of states in advancing a consensus on R2P, contrasting their role with that of formal regional and political groups, which — with the exception of the African Group — played a more marginal role. R2P has given rise to a multiplicity of informal groups of states. These informal groups operate alongside the formal regional and political groups and, with one or two exceptions, have tended to be significantly more influential, the main reason being the principle’s genesis. Arising out of fractious debates in the late 1990s about intervention and the relationship between sovereignty and fundamental human rights, R2P was from the outset a conscious attempt to bridge political divides between states in the un — especially the ‘North–South’ theatre.
“Seeing the Voices”: On the Visual Representation of Texts in Jewish Museums
Authors: Noy Chaim
Published: February 2017

I share observations from two ethnographic studies conducted during the last eight years in Jewish heritage museums, where collective Jewish identity is displayed and performed, visualized and textualized. I show the visual pervasiveness of texts (historical and contemporary) at these museums, and that these texts indeed amount to the most popular category of artifacts presented as display. In other words, I show that texts or textual (discursive) artifacts play a central role in the visual organization of these Jewish museums, as they are (re)presented, (re)mediated and (re)materialized. I then move to inquire into texts that visitors inscribe, i.e. texts which visitors produce in situ and which are on display. Taking a visual and cultural approach to these museums and to the texts that are publically presented therein, my ethnographies shed light on contemporary visualizations of Jewish texts, as well as—on a different level—on multimodalities and visual designs of the texts themselves. The folkloric view of Jewish visual culture and imagery is examined within an institutional context, as an emerging cultural production that manifests dialectic recourse to the Jewish museums that afford its production.
Off-Hour Primary Percutaneous Coronary Angioplasty Does Not Affect Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Velibey Yalcin , Tanik Ozan , Oz Ahmet , Guvenc Tolga Sinan , Kalenderoglu Koray , Gumusdag Ayca , Guzelburc Ozge , Tekkesin Ahmet Ilker , Uzun Ahmet Okan , Alper Ahmet Taha , Eren Mehmet
Published: February 2017

We evaluated whether primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) during off-hours is related to an increased incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). We retrospectively analyzed the incidence of CIN mortality among 2552 patients with consecutive ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with pPCI during regular hours (weekdays 8:00 am to 5:00 pm) and off-hours (weekdays 5:01 pm to 7:59 am, weekends and holidays). Patients in the off-hour group were more frequently admitted with acute heart failure symptoms (16.4% vs 7.8%, P < .001) and more contrast was injected during the procedure (235.2 ± 82.3 vs 248.9 ± 87.1 mL, P = .002). The frequency of CIN between on-hour and off-hour groups was similar (7.1% vs 6.2%, P = .453), but there was a trend toward higher in-hospital mortality when pPCI was performed during off-hours (1.9% vs 0.7%, P = .081). Off-hour pPCI was not associated with an increased risk of CIN (odds ratio: 1.051, P = .833). The incidence of CIN did not increase during off-hours, and off-hour pPCI is not a risk factor for CIN, despite an apparent increase in contrast media use during off-hour pPCI.
Some Implications of Distinguishing Between Unexplained Variance That Is Systematic or Random
Authors: Trafimow David
Published: February 2017

Because error variance alternatively can be considered to be the sum of systematic variance associated with unknown variables and randomness, a tripartite assumption is proposed that total variance in the dependent variable can be partitioned into three variance components. These are variance in the dependent variable that is explained by the independent variable, variance in the dependent variable that is unexplained but systematic (associated with variance in unknown variables), and random variance. Based on the tripartite assumption, classical measurement theory, and simple mathematics, it is shown that these components can be estimated using observable data. Mathematical and computer simulations illustrate some of the important issues and implications.
How did Mark End his Narrative?
Authors: Morgan Robert
Published: February 2017

The best explanations of Mark’s perplexing ending at 16:8 with the women’s disobedience to the angelic commands make v. 8b part of his motif of the male disciples’ failure to understand Jesus adequately during his ministry. That is questionable and anyone who is not persuaded but agrees that Mark is not just careless may be driven back to the once popular expedient of supposing that the present text is not how Mark intended to end. The older proposals made Mark intend more. This one suggests that the pre- and immediate post-history of 16:7–8 may have resulted in a combination of two alternative endings.
Social influence and cognitive-motivational effects on terrorism preparedness: A hurdle model
Authors: Wirtz Philip W , Rohrbeck Cynthia A
Published: February 2017

Objectives:

The identification of factors which influence peoples’ preparation for health safety risks posed by natural and man-made disasters is a central concern in health education. Prior studies have generally approached this issue from either a cognitive or a social influence perspective, and have failed to recognise the increased importance of terrorism-related concerns in motivating health safety preparedness behaviour. The purpose of this study was to develop a unified social cognitive framework for understanding peoples’ preparations for health safety risks, focusing on terrorism-related cognitive and social influences.

Design/Method/Approach:

Participants in the National Survey of Disaster Experiences and Preparedness reported preparedness actions they had taken since 2001, their appraisals of terrorism-related threat and coping, and whether they knew others who had taken preparedness actions because of terrorism. Using a logistic binomial hurdle statistical model, number of actions taken was regressed on terrorism-related vulnerability, severity, response efficacy, self-efficacy, and informational social influence. Simultaneous models both of taking any action and of the number of actions taken were tested.

Findings:

After controlling for demographic variables, both taking any action and the number of preparedness actions taken were positively related to terrorism-related informational social influence, response efficacy, and self-efficacy; effects of terrorism-related vulnerability and severity appraisals were much smaller. Compared to cognitive factors, terrorism-related informational social influence had a substantially larger effect on taking any action, and a moderately larger effect on the number of actions taken.

Conclusion:

Terrorist-related informational norms were more salient than cognitive factors in influencing peoples’ preparation for health safety risks. Participants who knew someone who had taken one or more emergency preparedness actions because of terrorism were significantly more likely to take any preparedness action, and to take more preparedness actions, themselves. These findings are consequential in developing future educational initiatives.
An experimental and numerical investigation on ballistic performance of advanced composites
Authors: Berk Bulut , Karakuzu Ramazan , Toksoy Ahmet Kaan
Published: February 2017

In this study, ballistic performance of aramid/epoxy and carbon-aramid/epoxy hybrid composites is investigated, experimentally and numerically. These composites were manufactured by vacuum-assisted resin infusion molding technique. 7.62 M61 type AP (Armor Piercing) projectiles were used in ballistic test of advanced composite materials. Six different impact velocities measured by a laser velocity measurement system were selected. Residual velocities were measured by velocity measurement traps from the back surface of the tested samples. For numerical study, ANSYS software was used as the pre-processor and LS-DYNA was used as the solver. Three different numerical models were created. After performing experimental tests and numerical simulations, ballistic limit velocities were calculated based on energy conservation. Numerical results are compared with the experimental ones and good agreements are obtained.
Labour regulation now and in the future: Current trends and emerging themes
Authors: Howe John
Published: February 2017

This article examines recent scholarship by labour lawyers and industrial relations scholars concerning the regulation of labour markets and work relationships. Over the last two decades, scholarship in both fields has moved away from a narrow legal definition of regulation towards a more plural conception recognising the diversity of regulatory mechanisms and actors in this field. The article also charts a growth in scholarship on enforcement of labour regulation, as well as studies of the effectiveness or impact of regulation. The article suggests some key issues facing researchers of labour regulation and identifies some emerging research themes.
The impact of travelers’ rationality degree heterogeneity in the Advanced Traveler Information System on the network traffic flow evolution
Authors: Wang Jianqiang , Li Shiwei
Published: February 2017

The interplay between traffic information, which is normally distributed by the Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS) and travelers’ decision behaviors, is prone to lead to high complexity in the evolution process of network traffic flow. Considering the obvious heterogeneity that is reflected in the numerous ways that travelers adopt ATIS information and choose routes, the lognormal distribution is adopted to describe the heterogeneity of travelers’ rationality degree. Introducing habitual factors of traveler route choice, modeling ideas of Multi-Agent and Mixed Logit are utilized to construct the day-to-day evolution model of network traffic flow, which is based on the value difference of travelers’ cognitive travel time. Furthermore, an integrated simulation algorithm based on the Monte Carlo method is specially designed to solve the previous evolution model. The simulation indicates that a lower individual difference and a higher rationality degree would lead to a more obvious aggregation phenomenon of network traffic flow and inefficiency of operation in road networks.
In and Through the Urban Educational “Reform Churn”: The Illustrative Power of Qualitative Longitudinal Research
Authors: Stich Amy E. , Cipollone Kristin
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this article is to bring attention to the illustrative power and capacity of qualitative longitudinal research within the context of the urban educational “reform churn.” In this article, we draw upon longitudinal ethnographic data collected over 3 years in four low-performing, urban secondary schools in Buffalo, New York, to illuminate the power of the methodology behind our findings. Our research provides an example of the ways in which qualitative longitudinal research can reveal the temporal mechanisms of stabilization and destabilization that develop within urban schools and districts in and through time.
A Practical Guide, With Theoretical Underpinnings, for Creating Effective Virtual Reality Learning Environments
Authors: O’Connor Eileen A. , Domingo Jelia
Published: February 2017

With the advent of open source virtual environments, the associated cost reductions, and the more flexible options, avatar-based virtual reality environments are within reach of educators. By using and repurposing readily available virtual environments, instructors can bring engaging, community-building, and immersive learning opportunities to students. Based on many years of academic research and development within this environment, the authors suggest educationally productive, research-supported ways to create learning environments that can motivate, engage, and educate participants. Instructors can develop virtual communities as centers for meetings, collaborations, and shared experiences, moving distance experiences beyond the limitations of engagement and collaboration in nonimmersive settings. The authors explain how instructors can develop useful learning interactions, pilot their learning environments, assess learners, and evaluate the environment. Specific experiences, images, and videos from the authors’ work are shared as well as broader application that could suit multiple purposes in guiding an instructor’s development and instructional efforts.
Understanding the Sources of Online Travel Information
Authors: Choi Youngjoon , Hickerson Benjamin , Kerstetter Deborah
Published: February 2017

Given that online travel media enable multilateral communication patterns in destination marketing, this study investigates technical attributes presenting the number and type of source-related visual cues. From a technological perspective, the sources of online travel information can be conceptualized in terms of specialization, endorsement, and other users’ star rating to reflect technological functions and psychological effects. An experiment with a 2 (specialization: a generalist website vs. a specialist website) × 2 (endorsement: absence vs. presence) × 3 (star rating: low vs. medium vs. high) factorial between-subjects design was conducted to test the relationships between source-related visual cues, cue-induced perceptions, information credibility, and destination images. This study found that each source-related visual cue produced distinctive psychological effects on a tourist’s perceptions. Furthermore, these cue-induced perceptions were influential to tourists’ judgment of information credibility, which was positively related to destination images and behavioral intention.
Design of a patient information leaflet in a surgical centre in Cambodia
Authors: Schade Alexander Thomas , Mendes da Costa Thomas , Gollogly Jim , Monsell Fergal
Published: February 2017

Hand deformities cause a large surgical burden on Cambodian society. They significantly affect the quality of life, limit hand function and can cause severe mental health issues. The visited surgical centre provides free rehabilitative surgery in Phnom Penh for those unable to afford private or public healthcare. As part of the postoperative care provided, a team of local Khmer physiotherapists help patients with early mobilisation, passive and active movements, and functional exercises. Leaflets are widespread in high-income countries, but are scarce in low-income countries. This study suggests a patient information leaflet to help with patient education after their discharge from hospital. The main challenges identified during the creation of such a leaflet were the low levels of education, low literacy and poor understanding of the disease process. A simple visual leaflet was created and will help reduce the anxiety and stress associated with hand disfigurement in this region.
Are We Really Monotheists?
Authors: Nida Eugene A.
Published: February 2017

The Christian doctrine of the Trinity is a puzzling one for missionaries who try to explain it — or understand it, for that matter. In this article Dr. Nida discusses the mental images of the Trinity which we often carry around with us and try to teach to others. The response in those “others,” if they are Muslims, should well give us pause and make us stop to consider just what we do say and think.
The “Gospel” Comes to Sar Luk
Authors: Condominas Georges
Published: February 2017

Embedded in Georges Condominas' fascinating account of his anthropological research among the Mnong Gar peoples of south Vietnam is the following vivid picture of the preaching visit of a party of Christians in the village of Sar Luk. On page 84 of this issue we begin a new department, TO SEE OURSELVES. As in the article there presented, so here in this description by Condominas, we have a splendid opportunity “to see ourselves as others see us.”
Some Social Consequences of Missionary Activity among South African Bantu
Authors: Hutchinson Bertram
Published: February 2017

The article which follows is the last half of a paper published in Africa. In the first half of the article the author traces the beginnings of missionary work among the Bantu in the early nineteenth century, stressing its initial friendly reception, the development of its patterns of instituting culture change, and its gradual effect on African cultures. In the following section, the author goes on to trace later developments, and the disturbing social changes which resulted from some, missionary policies, the final effect being sometimes opposite to what was intended.
The Buddhist-Christian Encounter in Burma
Authors: Clasper Paul D.
Published: February 2017

The fact that the gospel often triages relatively little headway against the “higher” world religions has been a source of deep concern to many missionaries. In this article, the author discusses the “peaceful coexistence” of Buddhism and Christianity in Burma, and their relative isolation from each other. He examines the basic differences in their assumptions and calls for a Christianity which will face squarely its need for “encounter” with Buddhism.
Sickness, Sin, and the Curse: The Old Testament and the African Church — II
Authors: Reyburn William D.
Published: February 2017

This is the second article in a series which will take up in detail the relationship between the Old Testament and contemporary Africa (south of the Sahara) in relation to the communication of the gospel and to the life and thinking of Christians. Here the parallel between the Old Testament concept of the relation between sickness, sin, and curse, on the one hand, and the very similar present-day African concept is discussed. The next article in this series will continue this line of thought, examining the role of guilt and sin in African societies in the light of the Old Testament message, and will go on to the examination of the relation of these ideas to the communication of the Christian message.
The Litany of an Independent West African Church
Authors: Turner H. W.
Published: February 2017

A promising new small periodical called the Sierra Leone Bulletin of Religion appeared in 1959. Of special interest to students of religion in general and of Africa in particular, it is edited by members of the faculty of Fourah Bay College, Freetown, Sierra Leone. In order to introduce the new publication to readers of Practical Anthropology, as well as to share a valuable article with a wider audience, we reprint the present discussion of a litany developed by a separatist sect in West Africa.
Problems of Dutch Mission Policy in Indonesia
Authors: van der Kroef Justus M.
Published: February 2017

The acceleration of the Westernization process in the world today has particularly accentuated the problems of cultural change in many underdeveloped countries. Indonesia affords a case study of an area where, according to the thesis of this article, the attempt to propagate a Western religious value system (in this instance the Protestant missionary effort) led to notable failure in the culture contact pattern and demonstrated some of the peculiar obstacles confronting such missionary endeavor in Islamic societies. The history of the modern missionary movement is long in Indonesia. It differs, sometimes in detail, sometimes in fundamental assumptions and approaches, from other missionary traditions. But whatever its differences from other instances of missionary activity, it well illustrates many of the conflicts which have accompanied the spread of the gospel in colonial and newly independent areas, as well as basic problems of all missionary activity.
The El Dorado Ruled by the Ashanti Kings
Authors: Delange Jacqueline
Published: February 2017

Prehistoric archeology, the reconstruction of cultures which have ceased to exist, or of ones now greatly changed from their ancient forms, has traditionally been an important part of anthropology. “Dead” cultures have not had any appreciable attention in Practical Anthropology, however, because their study does not lend itself to the goals of the magazine in the obvious ways of some of the other articles. In the article which follows, and we hope occasionally in the future, we do publish a brief, non-technical account of an earlier period of a people, and with a purpose which is very much a part of PA's reason for being. The feeling that “native” peoples are inferior — racially, physically, intellectually inferior — dies hard even among the servants of Christ. Perhaps it will help to have this reminder that when they were first discovered, and before they were disrupted by the West, some. African states were politically, artistically, and technologically comparable to many European states of their time.