bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GEOSTATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF LEAD AND ZINC METALS IN ARTANA 1 LANDFILL: MINERALOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE LANDFILL OBTAINED FROM RESIDUES FROM THE LEAD-ZINC FLOTATION PROCESS
Authors: Sinani Berat , Frangu Fisnk , Krasniqi Ramiz , Shala Besnik , Sinani Bahri , Berisha Vehbi
Published: December 2024

The surface area of the studied area in the Artana 1 landfill is about 24,000 m2. Presented here are samples taken from 11 boreholes with survey designations S-6, S-8, S-9, S-11, S-12, S-16, S-19, S-20, S-24, B /Y-2 (S-Y-2), Y-5 (S-Y-5). Drilling wascarried out using the spiral survey method up to the base level of the soil. The workswere carried out by the Trepca-Karova institutions within the project of recycling wastefrom the ore flotation of the Artana-Kishnica mines. Samples were taken at each meter,the survey number separately and by meter were counted and bagged and prepared forseparation and reduction of samples by survey. The depth of soundings taken was asfollows for sounding S-6 (10.5m); S-8 (10m); S-9 (9m); S-11 (12.5m); S-12 (9.6m); S-16 (15.5m); S-19 (13.5m); S-20 (10m); S-24 (9m); B/Y-2 (S-Y-2) (18m); Y-5 (S-Y-5)(12m).
The average value of lead, zinc based on the metric volume (titrimetric) analysis in these samples resulted in 4,463.60mg/kg Pb (~0.45%); 9,900.00mg/kg Zn (~0.99%); 1,263.64mg/kg PbO (~0.13%) and 1,600.00mg/kg ZnO (~0.16%), while based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, from the 11 samples analyzed so far (samples taken at Artana landfill 1), the analyzed samples contain the mineral Pyrite FeS2; Quartz mineral SiO2; the mineral Hydronijumjaros H7.95 Fe3 K0.35 O14.65 S2 as well as the gypsum mineral CaSO4x2H2O. Analyzing the sample with SEM-EDS on the surface, identifies the chemical elements O, Mg, Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, As, while the analysis of the chemical composition at the point of a mineral also reveals the presence of the metal Pb.
The instruments used (besides the volumetric analysis for the quantitative determination of Pb, Zn and their oxides) for mineralogical and geochemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS).
VOLCANOTECTONIC STRUCTURES AND LINEAMENT PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION RESULTING FROM THE APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS IN BOLNISI ORE DISTRICT, GEORGIA
Authors: Avkopashvili Irakli
Published: December 2024

The Bolnisi Ore District (Georgia), situated within the Tethyan-Eurasian metallogenic belt, embodies a multifaceted geological milieu marked by the intricate interplay of volcanic and tectonic processes, predominantly delineated by Late Cretaceous volcanic and sedimentary sequences entrenched between the Khrami and Loki Variscan crystalline massifs. Noteworthy for its rich mineral endowment, the Bolnisi Ore District harbors a plethora of ore deposits, with several operational mining sites situated within its bounds. This preliminary research aimed mainly by means of the remote sensing to investigate linear, curvilinear, arcuate, and circular features within the Bolnisi Ore District, Georgia, with the objective of enhancing exploration potential. Understanding the relationship between lineament intersections and caldera features is of particular interest due to their association with potential mineral occurrences. In this study, lineaments, curvilinear, arcuate, and circular features were delineated manually utilizing directional filters applied to satellite imagery. We obtained suitable satellite imagery along with high-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). Subsequently, GIS analysis was conducted, incorporating directional filters, geometric and atmospheric correction, and image enhancement techniques to enhance image quality and emphasize lineament features. To validate identified geological structures, a comparative analysis was performed utilizing geological maps, supplemented by partial field observations and a thorough review of existing literature about the study area. After incorporating the reliable geological structures from previous studies, we added the new preliminarily identified structures to the map. Additionally, the structures were cross-referenced with known volcanic features and geological interpretations to reinforce the findings.
COMPLEX ENGINEERING DESIGN OF COASTAL PROTECTION
Authors: Todorov Miroslav , Todorov Mihail
Published: December 2024

In the face of an ever-evolving environment, a crucial challenge emerges concerning the dynamic interplay between the sea and the land. Amidst these complexities, a fundamental question arises: should human intervention seek to reshape the natural processes, or should it primarily focus on comprehensive understanding, aiming to maintain a semblance of equilibrium? These intricacies, along with several important technical considerations, underscore the imperative to safeguard coastal regions against the escalating impact of the sea. This study, in response to the urgent demands of the environment, examines a distinct section of the offshore expanse of the Black Sea, where the ceaseless advance of the sea erodes nearly 10 meters of land area annually.
The research embarks on a multidimensional exploration, encompassing an analysis of climatological data, meticulous observation of marine circulation patterns and litorial drift, geological investigations of the area, and a holistic assessment of potential scenarios�ranging from the optimistic to more conservative. Drawing on a robust foundation of studies conducted over the past quarter-century, coupled with insights obtained during the design process, the study establishes a projection extending to the 2100. Encompassing a coastal span of 11 kilometers, the quantitative parameters derived from these comprehensive studies lay the groundwork for the formulation of innovative solutions.
The project�s design blueprint encompasses intricate coastal protection systems, including the construction of peninsulas, remote defense mechanisms, and anti-abrasion structures within the intertidal beach zone. Tailored to the distinctive sediment dynamics of this specific coastal stretch, the project is uniquely oriented towards fostering conducive conditions for the accumulation of beach formations and, crucially, a substantial reduction in direct maritime incursions. Illuminated by sophisticated predictive models, which underpin the complex design choices, the forecasts suggest a promising trajectory for the coming decade�a trajectory marked by commendable progress and a considerable curtailment of the sea�s encroachment onto the land.
HISTORICAL FLOODS OF THE LOWER DANUBE BASIN RIVERS DURING THE LAST MILLENNIUM
Authors: Badaluta Carmen-Andreea , Popa Ionel , Badaluta Gheorghe , Filip Anisoara
Published: December 2024

Most rivers in the temperate zone experience flooding due to snowmelt or heavy rainstorms. The lower Danube rivers has caused significant economic damages and in some cases even loss of human life. Understanding the relationship between the occurrence rate of Danube rivers flood events and climate change is crucial for flood risk management in Romania. Here we present a multiproxy and observational data set of floods from the lower Danube Basin Rivers over the last millennium. The results highlight that the lower Danube River floods can be divided into two periods: a period with low flood frequency between 1012 - 1490 AD and a period with high frequency of flooding in the years 1501 - 2014 AD. Floods of the Danube River occurred in the spring-summer period, but there are also some exceptions, such as when these events arise either in August-September or December-January. The number of floods increased considerably in the XX century (> 25 events/century) due to climate changes, which determined changes in precipitation regime and meteorological elements. In the last 50 years, the catastrophic floods of Romanian rivers were produced in 1970, 1972, 1975, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1991, 1996, 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010 and 2014. In conclusion, our floods reconstruction significantly contributes to the hydrometeorological events of the Central Eastern Europe database and can be used to improve flood risk management.
INVESTIGATION OF SEAWATER INTRUSION IN SHABLA-KRAPETS REGION, NE BULGARIA
Authors: Ivanov Marin , Damyanova Evelina
Published: December 2024

The present study aims to investigate the current conditions of saltwater intrusion in the Shabla - Krapets area, a long-known area of groundwater salinization. The main objectives of this investigation are (i) to find the interface (boundary) between fresh and salty (brackish) water and (ii) to study the seasonal dynamic of saltwater movement in the aquifer (intrusion). The results were obtained from July 2022 to the end of 2023. In the area of investigation (aquifer), there is a fresh groundwater layer which thins towards the sea. The interface between fresh and saltwater was found in 3 boreholes. The interface dynamics of seawater intrusion have been studied for one and a half years. The obtained results can be a reasonable basis for continuing and improving the monitoring of the seawater intrusion area and can be used as a base for groundwater modeling
EVALUATION OF COMPUTER SIMULATION AND MODELING METHODS FOR BLASTING PROCESSES IN SURFACE MINES
Authors: Garaliu-Busoi Bogdan , Vasilescu Gabriel , Popescu Claudius , Ilici Claudia-Raluca , Pasculescu Adina
Published: December 2024

The evaluation of computer simulation and modeling methods of pull processes carried out in open pit mines is a broad and complex topic, which involves the analysis and comparison of different techniques and tools used to simulate and model pull processes in quarries and open pit mines.
The importance of computer simulation and modeling of recovery processes plays a crucial role in optimizing resource extraction, reducing costs, minimizing environmental impact, and ensuring worker safety. These technologies make it possible to predict the effects of different blasting strategies and choose the most effective approach.
Evaluating simulation and modeling methods involves comparing their accuracy, efficiency, and applicability under different operating conditions. This includes:
� Compare simulation results with observed data to gauge how close the simulations are to reality.
� The balance between detail and accuracy of the model and the need for it to be simple enough to be used effectively.
� Evaluate the resources required to run the simulations, including hardware costs and compute time.
Finally, the evaluation of simulation and modeling methods is also based on their applicability in real projects. Case studies and best practice examples highlight how these technologies have been used to solve specific problems in mining operations, such as optimizing explosion design, reducing induced vibration, improving rock fragmentation, and minimizing environmental impact.
Computer simulation and modeling of pull processes in open-pit mining operations are essential for optimizing mining operations. Evaluating and choosing the right method depends on several factors, including the type of mine, geological features, project objectives, and available resources.
SIMULATIONS CARRIED OUT AT THE LEVEL OF THE TARGU OCNA SALT MINE FOR REVERSAL VENTILATION
Authors: Cioclea Doru , Matei Adrian , Ianc Nicolae , Dragoescu Razvan , Camara?escu Alexandru
Published: December 2024

On the territory of Romania, there are large salt deposits grouped on either side of the Carpathian mountains. Made up of over 300 large salt deposits covering an area of about 30,000 km2. The Trotus mine within the Targu Ocna Saltworks Branch was opened and put into operation in 1971, with the objective of dry salt exploitation, using the mining method with small chambers and abandoned square pillars, with a vaulted ceiling. Currently, Salina Trotu? has 14 horizons: 2 at the level of the Pilot mine and 12 at the level of the Trotu? mine. The paper presents a simulation on the ventilation network modeled and solved with the specialized program 3D CANVENT, which consists in the analysis of the possibility of reversing the general ventilation by using Gallery 401 and the Ocni?a Well for the entry of fresh air.
DETERMINATION OF DEPTH PARAMETERS OF SUBSURFACE VOIDS USING GRAVIMETRIC AND GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELITTE SYSTEMS MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Djorova Severina , Nikolova Maria
Published: December 2024

The main focus of the research is to investigate the application and effectiveness of gravimetry in cave detection, as well as in the determination the depth parameters of already localized subsurface voids. For this purpose, combined gravimetric and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) measurements were used. Establishing the location of missing anomalous masses in the earth layers has always been of great interest to geologists, geomorphologists and speleologists. Over the years, geophysical methods, especially gravimetry, have gained significant prominence as powerful tools for identifying density variations and gravity anomalies associated with subsurface voids. A natural karst phenomenon on the territory of Bulgaria was chosen as the object of the study. The measurements performed and the processing of the results obtained are described in detail. The necessary corrections were applied, maps of the Bouguer anomalies and the local anomalies were drawn, and the data obtained were analyzed. The results are illustrated with appropriate graphs and tables.
Overall, the research has successfully proved the power of gravimetry as a tool for detection, cave exploration and determination of depth parameters, offering valuable applications in various subsurface features and geological phenomena. The applied technique could play a crucial role in identifying potential land hazards and instability, facilitating informed decisions and helping to take appropriate mitigation measures.
PRELIMINARY ESTIMATION OF ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF THE LUNAR NEAR SURFACE FROM THE CHINESE YUTU-2 LUNAR PENETRATING RADAR (LPR)
Authors: Moura Rui , Lomas Lucia Arevalo , Almeida Fernando
Published: December 2024

Geophysical studies on the lunar surface have, in the past, used various methods that contribute not only towards the knowledge of the lunar subsurface but also contribute towards the design of future lunar missions, namely those that will, in the near future, take humans to the Moon�s surface. This work analyzes a specific set of ground penetrating radar (GPR) data, collected during the Chang�E-4 mission of the Chinese Space Agency, using theYutu-2 rover within the von Karman crater, on the far-side of the Moon. From this dataset two electrical parameters were estimated. The approach uses the backscatter of the electromagnetic wavefield in order to obtain estimates of the real component of the complex relative permittivity as well as the electrical resistivity.
IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS OF INTRINSIC SAFETY CIRCUITS
Authors: DARIE Marius , BURIAN Sorin , CSASZAR Tiberiu , COLDA Cosmin , MOLDOVAN Clementina
Published: December 2024

The paper presents issues regarding impedance spectroscopy analysis for the identification of intrinsically safe circuits.
The first part of the paperwork presents the explosion risk. In industrial applications, the presence of flammable substances leads to additional requirements for technical equipment used in such spaces.
On the other hand, technical equipment used in such spaces must remain in working order even when the risk of explosion is high. For this purpose, equipment used in such spaces should be assessed, tested, and certified so that it functions safely related to explosion hazard aspects.
The second part presents the theoretical model employed for the identification of intrinsically safe circuits.
In the third part are presented the results and discussion of the intrinsically safe circuit identification based on the impedance spectroscopy analysis and use.
An important conclusion of the approach is that the identification of intrinsically safe circuits using impedance spectroscopy can be a useful tool.
AN EXPERIMENT OF AUTOMATIC CLASSIFICATION AND MAPPING OF THE LANDFORMS OF THE YAMAL PENINSULA
Authors: Kharchenko Sergey , Kharchenko Sergey
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the potential of automated geomorphological mapping using geomorphometric analysis and machine learning on the Yamal Peninsula, Russia. The research aims to classify landforms based solely on geomorphometric characteristics, bypassing traditional manual interpretation of aerial imagery and digital elevation models (DEMs). The study utilized a DEM of the Yamal Peninsula and a reference geomorphological map, including 10 distinct landform types. A total of 119 geomorphometric variables, including spectral characteristics of the terrain, were calculated and used for training a Random Forest classifier. The results demonstrate that the model achieved a 65.4% overall accuracy, significantly exceeding the baseline accuracy of 10%. While some landforms, like the first river terrace, were accurately classified with 98% precision, others, such as floodplains, showed lower accuracy. The study identified key geomorphometric variables contributing to the classification, highlighting the importance of "focal" characteristics reflecting the texture and pattern of topographic dissection. The findings suggest that automated classification based on geomorphometric analysis holds promise for geomorphological mapping. It can be used to expedite the creation of geomorphological maps and assist in identifying areas of uncertainty for further investigation. However, future research is necessary to improve the accuracy of specific landform classifications, particularly those with high spatial variability.
LAND USE-COVER CHANGE TRAJECTORY AND IMPLICATION ON THE AGRICULTURAL AREAS OF SAO PAULO CITY: A GEOINFORMATICS APPROACH
Authors: Nwaogu Chukwudi , Alabi Babatunde , Uma Nasir A. , Diag Bridget E. , Agidi Victor A. , Onwuagb Chinwe G
Published: December 2024

Agricultural productivity and environmental changes can be greatly affected by agricultural and other land use. Mapping of vegetation and land cover is a fundamental way of managing the natural resources on the earth surface. To determine or study the crop productivities of any geographical location, agricultural land use is one of the crucial clues for reliable information. We aimed to investigate the effects of urbanization on agricultural lands in Sao Paulo city. A 30-year multi-temporal satellite imagery dataset from four distinct years were mapped: 1992 (Landsat TM), 2002 (Landsat ETM+), 2012 (Landsat ETM+), and 2022 (Sentinel) were collected and analyzed using geospatial tools. Identified land use were waterbody, settlement, agricultural land, wetland, and forest. Change detection analysis was performed using Erdas imagine software and future prediction was achieved by applying Idrisi selva 15 software. The result indicated between 1992 and 2022 settlement and wetland increased in areas while agricultural land, forest and waterbody decreased. These observed changes in the spatial pattern of LULC could be attributed to the encroachment and converted to other uses such as settlement and urban agriculture. The overall changes depicted in the evolution matrix and map demonstrated that, because of speculation practices, urbanization has primarily affected agricultural land use. Application of geospatial technologies (remote sensing and GIS) has proved effective in monitoring LULC changes and providing vital information for policy making in Sao Paulo City�s food (in)security and urban sustainable development.
REMOTE SENSING AND DEEP LEARNING INTEGRATION FOR SPATIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Polimenov Ventsislav , Ivanova Krassimira
Published: December 2024

This review article provides an overview of the combination of remote sensing with deep learning techniques in the last ten years. It specifically examines the emerging patterns and applications in both fields, highlighting their combined use in processing remote sensing data. It focuses on how these techniques have brought about significant changes in environmental monitoring, urban planning, agricultural management, security, and change detection. The article discusses various satellite probes, detailing their specific capabilities, technological attributes, and suitability for diverse observational tasks. Also, it stops attention on multispectral fusion techniques aimed to integrate data from multiple spectral bands or sensors to enhance the overall quality of remote sensing imagery. Additionally, it provides an overview of potential neural network architectures, highlighting the necessity for innovative algorithms that can effectively manage the growing amount and diversity of remote sensing datasets. The discussion revolves around the authors� aspirations for future research, employing advanced deep learning models for understanding complex spatial and spectral patterns.
MODERN METHODS OF DETERMINING OF THE MOMENTS WATER QUALITY. COMPARING THE RESULTS WITH TRADITIONAL METHOD
Authors: Angelov Plamen , Rankova Maya , Vuchkov Borislav
Published: December 2024

Hydrometric propeller methods, is device that responds and measuring the velocity of the water current at the point where its sensor axis is located. Mechanical hydrometric propellers are widely used in our country, in which the current causes rotation of a screw vane with an angular velocity proportional to the velocity of the current, in this method the depth of the river profile must be taken into account in order to comply with the measurement condition in 1, 2, or 3 points namely 0.2h, 0.6h and 0.8h, h-depth of flow [2] .
In the present topic, a comparison will be made between a hydrometric propeller, a device for measuring speeds and depths based on the principle of magnetic induction. Graphs, tables and conclusions from field measurements will be presented. The device will be compared measures water velocity by using Faraday's principle of magnetic induction. This allows measurement of low velocities without rotating parts. The research will help solve problems during operational work (field work), will aim to show fast, accurate results in determining water quantities, shortening measurement time, using the device at low water levels, at small flows.
SOIL PROPERTIES OF CHROMIC LUVISOLS FROM KREMIKOVTSI AREA IN SOFIA MUNICIPALITY
Authors: Shishkov Toma , Dimitrov Emil
Published: December 2024

The result of the survey carried out on the territory of the Sofia-city municipality is presented, in relation to the application of the Program for the protection, sustainable use and restoration of soils as a limited and non-renewable natural resource. The obtained data on the Chomic Luvisols nearby the area of Kremikovtsi debate the basic physical and chemical soil characteristics. The priority task on the soil protection in the region aimed at the sustainable development, restoration and improvement of the soil resource. To fulfill this aim, samples from soil profile and additional sites from arable land were analyzed for texture, content and composition of organic matter, cation exchange capacity, soil bulk and soil particle density, soil moisture content at field sampling, porosity. The intrinsic peculiarity of organic substances is identified and the specific relationship within different fractions of extractable organic carbon. Humic acids are low molecular and with predominance of aliphatic over aromatic moieties in their molecules. The soil is affected by initial acidification but no evidence of destructive process of the soil adsorption complex, as the latter is characterized by high degree of saturation with bases. Chromic Luvisols are less vulnerable to erosion because, despite the low organic matter content, the colloidal clay content is significant.
QUALITY OF POST-HARVEST RESIDUES WHEN GROWING MAIZE IN THE SYSTEM OF MIXED CROPPING
Authors: Kintl Antonin , Sobotkova Julie , Elbl Jakub , Brtnicky Martin
Published: December 2024

Potential environmental impacts of growing maize as monoculture lead to efforts focused on finding other potentially suitable crops or their combinations that could replace the pure maize cultures. The most frequent and most effective combination is a mixed crop of maize and legumes. The presented paper deals with the issue of the quality of post-harvest residues when growing maize in the system of mixed cropping. In the field experiment, yield and quality of post-harvest residues were studied during the growing season in the following variants: maize grown as monoculture and maize grown in the mixed culture with bean. Compared with the C:N ratio in the post-harvest residues of maize grown in monoculture (39:1), a benefit of mixed cropping was significantly reduced C:N ratio in the biomass of post-harvest residues that was approaching 30:1 which is considered optimal for their decay. The biomass of post-harvest residues from the mixed crop of maize and bean for silage contained by 70 kg/ha (54 %) more nitrogenous substances than the biomass of post-harvest residues from the pure maize culture.
INVESTIGATION OF THE TRANSITION PROCESS OF PARALLEL OPERATION OF A SOLAR POWER PLANT AND THE GRID UNDER EMERGENCY DISTURBANCE
Authors: Beryozkina Svetlana , Sharifov Bohirjon , Safaraliev Murodbek , Ghulomzoda Anvari , Odinabekov Mukhammadjon
Published: December 2024

Solar energy, as one of the types of green energy, is widely studied by researchers from different regions of the world. Practice shows that the generation of clean energy at solar power plants (SPP) is not always constant, and depends on some external factors, for instance, weather conditions, emergency disturbances, etc. Parallel operation of the solar power plant and the grid eliminates some problems, in particular, fluctuations in the frequency of current due to a shortage/excess of electricity, as well as the use of batteries. Therefore, an infinite power grid is a large accumulator that can compensate for such fluctuations. This paper deals with the analysis and investigation of electromagnetic transients during a parallel operation of the SPP and the grid under a short-circuit disturbance. A block diagram and mathematical model of the SPP are developed in the MATLAB package together with Simulink and Power System Blockset. Dynamic and static modes of the parallel operation of the SPP and the grid are analyzed. Waveforms of voltages and currents at the inverter output during a three-phase short circuit are given. The developed model supports the analysis of currents, voltages, and capacities while various disturbances are simulated.
EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT GENERATED BY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN THE EASTERN PART OF THE JIU VALLEY
Authors: Angelica-Nicoleta Gaman , Marius Kovacs , Lorand Toth , Alexandru Simion , Izabela Kovacs
Published: December 2024

The assessment of the influence of economic activities on the population in the eastern region of the Jiu Valley (located in the south-western part of Romania) entails several stages. These include measuring the extent of air pollution, selecting a tool for evaluating air quality, and most importantly, implementing a method for estimating the environmental impact. The objective of the study is to analyze the environmental conditions by analyzing the data collected from the six designated locations and utilizing the Global Pollution Index (GPI) methodology to measure the extent of air pollution. The assessment of the influence and combined effects of pollution on environmental components or terrestrial ecosystems will examine the impacts caused by pollutants both separately and together. In order to emphasize the relationship between pollutant concentrations and the reference level, each pollutant that is correlated with the lower assessment threshold will be graphically displayed. This will be followed by assigning suitability ratings, calculating the areas in the graphs that are generated, and determining the overall pollution index for the area being studied. The data collected during the monitoring experiment, regarding the appropriateness ratings scale that measures pollution levels, suggest that we are in a location with possibly high pollution due to the presence of dust and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere.
GREENHOUSE WITH WASTE SUBSTRATE POWERED BY RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
Authors: Krystaszek Wiktor , Sekula Helena , Duman Radoslaw , Kurtyka Magdalena
Published: December 2024

The main purposes of the project were to analyze the possibility of using waste from the energy sector - fly ash from the lignite combustion process - as a growing medium, as well as to use the electricity obtained from the photovoltaic panel to power the equipment located in the constructed greenhouse. In addition, the project involved the development of a connection of equipment to ensure proper air parameters for growing plants. The constructed and equipped greenhouse stand was used to perform vase tests on white mustard seeds. The test was carried out in four trials for each of the adopted ash concentrations in the growing medium. The grown plants were examined for plant length and root length. The experiment showed a positive effect of the ash substrate on the growth of the above-ground part of the plant and the number of germinated seeds. These results suggest that fly ash can play an important role as a substitute for traditional crop substrates, contributing to the efficient use of waste from the energy sector.
Keywords: Waste from the energy industry, RES-powered greenhouse, renewable energy sources, growing plants on waste substrates
INFLUENCE OF WATER MIST AND ITS PARAMETERS ON FIRE SUPPRESSION
Authors: Miskay Marek , Kadlubcova Miriam , Barcova Karla
Published: December 2024

Water mist systems are increasingly used in a wide range of applications. These systems play an important role in fire suppression, firefighting, and generally in combating the effects of fire. Water has the ability to reduce ambient, flame and fuel temperatures. It is also capable of wetting the fuel and preventing the spread of flames to unburned fuel. It has the ability to displace oxygen and combustible gases from an area, reduce the spread of radiant heat, or trap toxic or other particles from smoke. The effectiveness of water mist depends on its parameters. This article focuses on the most important ones, namely spray angle, water flow rate, flow velocity, working pressure, water mist droplet size, and also the temperature of the water source. The different parameters are interrelated and changing one parameter we can achieve a change in another parameter. It is necessary to keep in mind that it may not be the case that the highest or lowest values are the most effective. It is always necessary to determine experimentally or numerically the most effective value of a given parameter. At the same time, it is worth mentioning that it is not only the extinguishing agent that matters, but also the fuel that burns. With that said, the results cannot be applied in general and each fuel type may react differently to water mist. The paper describes the different parameters and the method we use to measure the droplet sizes of water mist, including the results from experimental measurements made using laser diffraction at the Technical University of Ostrava.
REGULATION OF THE MINERALIZATION AND HUMUFICATION PROCESSES IN NITISOLS FERRALIC AND HUMIC CAMBISOLS BY INTEGRATING 14C-MODIFIED TEA (Tea Sinensis) BIOMASS
Authors: Mgeladze Merab , Kikava Antaz , Kalandadze Besik , Chichileishvili Khatuna , Kalandadze Ilia
Published: December 2024

This work delves into the process of phenolic oxidation products rdistribution in Nitisols Ferralic and Humic Cambisols, which were modified by (14C) introduced tea biomass. Metabolites derived from tea biomass were found to interact with humic and fulvic acids and form covalent bonds with them.
The study of quantitative aspects of the inclusion of phenolic substances in the chemical composition of humic and fulvic acids reveals that humic acids incorporate a significantly greater amount of the radioactive tracer (14C) compared to fulvic acids. By applying the formula derived by us (DCaCO3 + MgCO3 = ??,???? ????/??,???????) it becomes feasible to determine the soil microliming dosage required to expedite the processes of mineralization and humification of tea plant manure and other residues rich in polyphenolic substances.
Furthermore, it is recommended to apply manganese-based microfertilizers to the soil prior to pruning tea bushes. These agrochemical measures are crucial in optimizing the mineralization of phenolic substances, neutralizing their toxic effects, enhancing the intensity of the humification process, and ultimately increasing soil fertility.
THE HUMAN IMPACT ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE RIPARIAN VEGETATION IN THE RURAL AREA
Authors: Aydin Elena
Published: December 2024

Riparian vegetation of water streams represents dynamic ecosystem, which meets various functions. Since it forms a buffer zone between the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, it is of great importance in the ecological stability of landscape. Its importance is even higher nowadays when the effect of human activities on the environment is much stronger than in the past. The structure and quality of the vegetation comprising the riparian zone plays an important role in its ability to provide various ecosystem functions such as filtration of the sediment being transported by the surface runoff due to water erosion. This study investigated the impact of human activities on the structure and biodiversity of riparian vegetation in a rural area of the Sadowka watercourse in Poland, focusing on the effects of channelization and embankment on the riparian vegetation ecosystem functions. The canopy density at 11 selected sites along the river was estimated in 2008 as a global degree of canopy cover (GDCC). The mean GDCC in the upper part of the watercourse was 54 % and it occasionally reached up to 68%. Several rural settlements are in the middle part of the stream, what affected the GDCC ranging from 19 up to 68%. In this area also most of the regulated embarked sections of the watercourse are located. The lowest part of the river channel still shows its natural state with the mean GDCC of 66% besides the area is intensively used for agriculture. There are several sections of regulated flow, however the embankment is of mainly natural � grassy type. Human modifications to the channel, such as artificial embankments and regulation, had a negative impact on the structure and biodiversity of the riparian vegetation, with the most natural sections exhibiting the highest GDCC and biodiversity. The degree of human impact varied along the length of the watercourse. Understanding the impact of human activities on riparian vegetation is crucial for maintaining ecological stability and mitigating the effects of erosion and flooding.
THE INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION ON DENDROMETRIC CHANGES OF JUGLANS REGIA L. UNDER CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors: Kiss Vladimir , Barek Viliam , Obrocnik Oliver , Barekova Anna , Paulen Oleg
Published: December 2024

Climate change is a very serious threat, and its consequences affect many different aspects of our lives. In Slovakia, we will also have to get used to the faster onset of warm and dry weather in the spring. The year, from a temperature point of view, ended as the 2nd warmest since 1931. Statistically very significant (annual) deviations occurred in the entire territory of Slovakia, so we characterize it in terms of temperature as strongly to extremely above normal. We monitored the influence of climatic conditions on the dendrometric changes of 9-year-old royal walnut (Juglans Regia L.) in Nove Zamky (Slovakia). The research took place in the spring and summer months of 2023 (April 1 - July 31, 2023) and trees were compared a) non-irrigated (only with natural precipitation) and b) irrigated (irrigation dose of 30 mm after the soil water potential drops below 80 kPa). Dendrometric changes were recorded with a DD-S device (Ecomatik) in hourly intervals. Parameters such as temperature, precipitation and soil moisture in 20 cm were also recorded. From the results, in the observed period the growth of branches in the irrigated variant is 3.66 mm, while in the non-irrigated variant it is only 1.24 mm. Although there is a greater increase in the diameter of the branches in the irrigated variant, in the summer (July), when the average daily temperature is also higher, the daily fluctuation of the diameters is higher than in the non-irrigated variant, which is caused by higher evapotranspiration. Based on these results, it is possible to set the optimal use of irrigation in the future based on the needs of plants and not only according to the soil water potential.
TOURISM ACTIVITIES AND VULNERABILITY TO NATURAL HAZARDS IN THE PIATRA-NEAMT CITY (NORTH-EAST ROMANIA)
Authors: Cimpoesu Maria Cristina , Grozavu Adrian
Published: December 2024

In the area of the city of Piatra-Neamt (North-East of Romania), the activities related to the tourism sector may register malfunctions due to the manifestation of some natural risk phenomena. The touristic potential of the city (recreational, sports, balneary, cultural-historical) represents a central component of the national tourist structure with many exploitation possibilities. Risk situations of tourist activities can be induced by the natural hazards attributes (probability and intensity) and vulnerability conditions (physical, economic and social dimensions). The approach in the present study is mainly based on documentary investigation and statistical data collection on risk events covering the period between 1887 and the present, quantitative/qualitative data processing using GIS techniques for making a relevant mapping, and the critical interpretation of the results. The study highlights the fact that some tourist actors, tourist objectives as well as elements of the tourist infrastructure fall under the incidence of geomorphological risks (landslides), climatic risks (lightning) and biophysical risks (the COVID-19 pandemic). The main effects of these risk phenomena are the economic difficulties resulting from the interruption of activities and the decrease in the number of tourists. Identifying the characteristics causing the susceptibility to adverse effects of natural hazards and assessing the vulnerability of the tourism sector in Piatra-Neamt City constitutes an essential element in the risk management strategy and sustainable development of the community.
VARIATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND CONCENTRATIONS EMISSION IN THE ATMOSPHERE CORRELATED WITH TECHNOLOGICAL OPERATIONS AT THE PAINTING OPERATION
Authors: Kovacs Marius-Emilian , Gaman Angelica- Nicoleta , Toth Lorand , Kovacs Izabella , Irimia Alin
Published: December 2024

Following the vehicle painting process, residual gases containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released into the atmosphere through exhaust pipes. Entrepreneurs are legally obliged to report to the Environmental Protection Agency, which, in turn, reports to the European Union to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve climate neutrality by 2050.
The current paper investigates the temporal variation of VOC concentrations correlated with technological processes carried out in vehicle painting shops. Three sets of one-hour measurements were taken for each technological operation (sample preparation, painting, sample drying).
Currently, atmospheric emission monitoring from paint shops is conducted only under maximum operating conditions of the painting installation, with a measurement period of at least half an hour. In this case, the reported results indicate higher emission values for a day or a calendar year. The objective of the paper is to measure VOC concentrations from a vehicle paint shop and correlate which painting processes release the highest amounts of VOCs into the atmosphere, aiming to identify possible measures to reduce environmental pollution.
Research results indicate that the highest recorded concentrations occur during the painting operation, followed by the drying of parts and then the cleaning of parts through degreasing.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND INVESTMENTS FOR URBAN RENOVATION: ASSESSING THE FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY WITH THE APPLICATION OF FUZZY LOGIC PRINCIPLES TO REAL ESTATE APPRAISAL
Authors: Murro Rocco
Published: December 2024

Climate change requires significant measures to adapt existing cities to new requirements; extensive urban renewal actions are therefore necessary. In order to be financially sustainable, such investments are mainly based on real estate and market operations, also at long term. The current valuation practice would require to resort to appraisal methods based on actual, historical market data, also known as Revealed Preference Methods (RPMs), which allow to derive the preferences expressed by the actions of market. Because of the instability, complexity and uncertainty of real estate markets as they are today, the results obtained with the application of standard RPMs are often not fully reliable.
The most advanced and current solutions to the above problems mainly focus on possibilistic models, based on fuzzy logic. Such models can account for the uncertainty in the input data and single out some estimated values that are associated with a certain likelihood of occurring or, alternatively, detecting a range of possible values. Such models represent a support to operate always within the range of the RPMs. They are instrumental to improving the quality of the input data and to describe the level of uncertainty.
The paper proposes the application of fuzzy logic in valuation methods, considering another type of uncertainty from the one considered through the probability theory. After the framework of the issue and a brief description of the principles of the fuzzy logic theory, some proposals, at international level, concerning the application of fuzzy logic to real estate appraisal techniques (Sales Comparison Approach, Discounted Cash Flow Analysis and Multiple Linear Regressions) are described, analysed and critically discussed.
DELIBERATIVE ECONOMIC VALUATION METHODS TO ASSESS THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON URBAN INFRASTRUCTURES
Authors: Murro Rocco
Published: December 2024

Consequences of climate change have social, economic and environmental effects. Changes in weather patterns directly impact to transport infrastructures, which play a strategic role in emergency management. Calamitous events as consequence of weather and climatic processes raise the need to foresee adaptation measures to climate change, which is already in place. Although there is a large literature on the effects of climate change, individual and collective responses and behaviours are unclear to such changes.
Infrastructures are urban community goods, so adaptation actions concern values and preferences that affect the community itself. In order to measure these values, it is appropriate to consider the impacts (understood as the interpretation of the effects) perceived by communities, but most of the conventional evaluation approaches show obvious limitations.
The paper proposes to use inclusive processes, based on the theory of deliberative democracy, in the economic judgments of value and choice in the field of climate change and the adaptation measures related to urban infrastructures. Given the series of effects climate change generates on a single infrastructure and the related adaptation measures, the procedures proposed in this paper enable the members of the community involved to: a) appraise the Shared Economic Value (SEV) of the impact produced by climate change and the related adaptation measures; b) to obtain a Shared Multi-criteria Judgment of alternative adaptation measures.
THE ROLE OF SOCIETY IN ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING
Authors: Katsarski Nikolay
Published: December 2024

In the goal of environmental sustainability, society's essential role in conducting environmental audits emerges as critical. This abstract investigates the multiple significance of society involvement while reading environmental audits. To begin, societal scrutiny serves as a powerful force for accountability, ensuring that stakeholders are held accountable for environmental deterioration. Concurrently, by looking into audit reports, society obtains essential insights into environmental concerns, cultivating a collective awareness of sustainable practices. Furthermore, societal engagement acts as a catalyst for lobbying, accelerating calls for legislative reform and corporate responsibility. The distribution of audit findings educates the public, promoting informed decision-making and increasing environmental literacy. Also, societal participation in audit processes encourages openness and inclusivity, raising the voices of communities affected by environmental degradation. Thus, society's active participation in reading environmental audits is critical for designing a sustainable future by promoting accountability, advocacy, awareness, education, and inclusive environmental governance.
THE INFLUENCE OF APPLE VARIETIES AND THE ENZYMES ROHAPECT PTE-100 AND PECTINASE ON THE OBTAINING OF APPLE JUICES
Authors: Marica (Sopirla) Denisa , Iancu Maria Lidia , Tita Ovidiu
Published: December 2024

This thesis studies the impact of the addition of two types of enzymes: Rohapect PTE-100 and Pectinase to 6 varieties of apple, grown in the Valea Dambovi?ei area in order to improve the quality of apple juice. The 6 apple varieties used are: Sirus, Florina, Red Topaz, Golden, Starkrimson and Rozela. Thanks to the new varieties planted, and the use of modern technology, the production of apples has increased, and the apples are used fresh or processed in the form of natural juice as such or mixed with other fruits.
The orchard area under analysis has 12,500 m2, of which 8,500 m2 are planted with 900 apple trees in an intensive system and 4,000 m2 with 1,200 apple trees in a super-intensive system.
Physic-chemical and sensory analyzes were applied to each apple variety to identify their quality.
The quality parameters such as vitamin C, acidity, anthocyanin content, enzyme activity, pH, and turbidity, were compared for the apple juices obtained with the addition of Rohapect PTE-100 enzyme, Rohapect PTE-100, and Pectinase enzymes and without enzymes.
This research provides the possibility of choosing suitable apple varieties and a database on the addition of Rohapect PTE-100 and Rohapect PTE-100 with Pectinase to the production of apple juices. Enzymes increase the juice yield when pressed, improve the clarification of clear juices and the stability of juices with pulp, and favor the extraction of color pigments and aromas. They help to reduce the amount of insoluble pectin, but enzyme concoctions are sensitive to variations in pH and temperature. Under these conditions, the yield of polyphenols increases in the obtained juices. Polyphenols have an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-tumor, and anti-atherogenic role.
Following the research, a higher yield resulted for the juice obtained with the addition of enzymes. The highest amount of vitamin C was identified in the juice obtained from the Starkrimson apples variety with the addition of Rohapect PTE-100 and Pectinase. A high turbidity was observed in the Rozela variety, but with the addition of Rohapect PTE-100 and Pectinase it decreased.