bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERAN BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN PENDIDIKAN INKLUSIF
Authors: Witono A. Hari
Published: August 2020

Guidance and Counseling (BK) has become a unity in the over all education system. It can be seen from formal education, non-formal and informal education as well. It is also included in the inclusive education model, the service has become a unity and strength in the education system, namely school management-administration and teaching learning process. The three educational services, can be a strength in services to achieve the educational goals. The implementation of BK for inclusive education has a very strategic role for students, namely services for (1) Orientation, (2) Information, (3) Data collection (appraisal), (4) Consultation, (5) (Counseling), and Referral.
Formulasi dan Evaluasi Sifat Fisik Lotion Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kemuning (Murraya paniculata (L) Jack) dan Daun Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera Linn)
Authors: Subaidah Windah Anugrah , Juliantoni Yohanes , Hajrin Wahida
Published: August 2020

The ultraviolet radiation and skin water loss could damage the skin. Kemuning leaves (Murraya paniculata (L) Jack) as a source of anti-oxidants and Aloe vera leaves (Aloe vera Linn) can prevent this action. This study aims to formulate and evaluate lotion containing the Kemuning leaves and Aloe vera extract. The extract of Kemuning leaves was obtained by sonication using 70% ethanol solvent. Aloe vera juice was obtained by smoothing the aloe vera gel then filtered using clean gauze.  The kemuning leaves extract and aloe vera extract had formulated into lotion preparation. The physical properties of the lotion (homogeneity, type of emulsion, pH, spreadability, and adhesion) were determined. The organoleptic test showed that the color of the lotion was pale yellow with a smooth texture and had extract scent. The lotion was showed good homogeneity, spreadability 7.31 cm, pH 7, type oil in water and adhesion 45 seconds. The physical properties parameters of lotion preparations showed that the lotion preparations had fulfilled the requirements of good preparations.
Prospects of Partial Substitution of Cement with Rice Husk Ash for Road Concrete Works
Authors: Nwakaire Chidozie Maduabuchukwu , Aginam Chukwurah Henry , Chidolue Chinenye Alfred
Published: August 2020

Rice Husk Ash (RHA) has been found as a potential partial replacement for cement in concrete. This study attempts to make an evidence based evaluation of the sustainability and benefits of RHA utilisation as partial replacement of cement in road concrete works within Anambra State of Nigeria. The ashes of the rice husks collected from different locations were characterised. Direct interviews were conducted among the rice mill personnel and experts in the construction companies. The values of SiO2 + Fe2O3 + Al2O3 for the four analysed RHA samples ranged from 78.9% to 80.3% as revealed by the X-ray fluorescence analysis. This confirms that they are pozzolanic. The highest observed 28th day compressive strength of concrete was 41.8 N/mm2 for the concrete containing 10% RHA. Beyond the 10% replacement level, the compressive strength dropped below the control values. The result of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis displayed the highest option preference of 40.3% for utilising RHA in road construction. These show that utilising RHA for road concrete works would be a sustainable option. 10% replacement of cement with RHA was recommended for optimum performance based on the compressive strengths of the tested RHA based concretes.
Psychosurgery: A History from Prefrontal Lobotomy to Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Yousaf Aisha , Singh Krishna , Tavernor Victoria , Baldwin Ashley
Published: August 2020

Neurosurgical treatment for psychiatric disorders features a long and controversial history. This article explores a ‘spectrum of psychosurgery,’ describing how old-fashioned and controversial prefrontal lobotomy gradually evolved into modern day, mainstream scientific deep brain stimulation (DBS). We focus on the rise, fall and possible re-emergence of psychosurgery as a therapeutic intervention today.We journey through historic indiscriminate use of prefrontal lobotomy, which evoked stern criticism from both public and professionals, through to the development of modern day DBS - performed for patients suffering from severe, treatment resistant symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), epilepsy and movement disorders.We hope this article will provide a basis for understanding the availability of existing treatment options and potential future opportunities, whilst simultaneously challenging any public/professional preconceptions of psychosurgery, which may indirectly be obstructing patient care.Additionally, we carried out a qualitative survey displayed in WordCloud Format, capturing the intellection of 38 mental health professionals working for North West Boroughs NHS Healthcare Foundation Trust, on ‘psychosurgery,’ ‘prefrontal lobotomy’ and ‘DBS’, which may well reflect wider public opinion.In summary, the article provides a brief, yet comprehensive overview of the controversial history of psychosurgery, present-day practice, and future trends of neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders.
Biogas Technology Adoption as an Alternative Source of Energy in Domboshava Communal Area of Zimbabwe: Benefits and Challenges
Authors: Marambanyika Thomas , Sakarombe Shingirayi , Musasa Tatenda , Defe Rameck
Published: August 2020

The research examines challenges and opportunities of biogas technology adoption to achieve sustainable household energy in Ward 4 of Domboshava communal area, Zimbabwe. The research adopted both qualitative and quantitative research techniques. A total of 65 questionnaires were randomly distributed to households using biogas. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select key informants from the Environmental Management Agency, Netherlands Development Organisation, Zimbabwe Energy Regulatory Authority, Environment Africa and the Ward Councillor.The study revealed that the level of education attained do not influence biogas adoption (p > 0.05) whereas funds availability,awareness,promoters and gender of the household head were seen to have a major effect (p < 0.05).The benefits of biogas technology noted by households were that it cooks fast,provides clean energy and at the same time reducing the frequency of fire wood collection in the forest.Challenges such as lack of adequate knowledge about the technology and lack of required financial and material resources compromised the adoption of biogas technology by the households in Ward 4.The study recommends that relevant government agencies should provide accessible technical services and set up demonstration centres in every ward with a view of encouraging rural households to adopt biogas technology.
Prospect of CW Raman Laser in Silicon- on- Insulator Nano-Waveguides
Authors: Khaleefia Zainab salam , Mahdi Sh. S. , Yaseen S. Kh.
Published: August 2020

Numerical analysis predicts that continuous-wave (CW) Raman lasing is possible in Silicon-On-insulator (SOI) nano-waveguides, despite of presence of free carrier absorption. The scope of this paper lies on lasers for communication systems around 1550 nm wavelength. Two types of waveguide structures Strip and Rib waveguides have been incorporated. The waveguide structures have designed to be 220 nm in height. Three different widths of (350, 450, 1000) nm were studied. The dependence of lasing of the SOI Raman laser on effective carrier lifetime was discussed, produced by tow photon absorption. At telecommunication wavelength of 1550 nm, Raman lasing threshold was calculated to be 1.7 mW in Rib SOI waveguide with dimensions width (W= 450 nm) and Length (L= 25 mm). The obtained Raman lasing is the lowest reported value at relatively high reflectivities. Raman laser in SOI nano-waveguides presents the important step towards integrated on-chip optoelectronic devices.
Calculation real abundance of gaseous elements of the comet PanSTARRS C/2011 S4
Authors: Khalaf Salman zaidan , Abrahim Khaleel , Akeab Imad Kassar
Published: August 2020

X-ray emission contains some of the gaseous properties is produced when the particles of the solar wind strike the atmosphere of comet ISON and PanSTARRS Comets. The data collected with NASA Chandra X-ray Observatory of the two comets, C/2012 S1 (also known as Comet ISON) and C/2011 S4 (Comet PanSTARRS) are used in this study.

   The real abundance of the observed X-ray spectrum elements has been extracted by a new simple mathematic model. The study found some physical properties of these elements in the comet’s gas such as a relationship between the abundance with emitted energy. The elements that have emission energy (2500-6800) eV, have abundance (0.1-0.15) %, while the elements that have emission energy (850-2500) eV and (6800-9250) eV have abundance (0.2-0.3) %.

   The relation between interacted energy and atomic number is form two sets.  The interacted energy of each element is increased as the atomic number increased. This case has been seen in both comets
Методика розрахунку потреби на підготовку та спеціальне використання аеродромів цивільної авіації, аеродромних ділянок доріг, польових аеродромів
Authors: Пєвцов Г.В. , Дзеверін І.Г. , Усачова О.А. , Бурковський С.І. , Новічонок С.М.
Published: August 2020

У роботі проведено аналіз сучасного стану аеродромної мережі України, визначені основні напрямки розрахунку потреби на підготовку та спеціальне використання аеродромів цивільної авіації, аеродромних ділянок доріг, польових аеродромів авіацією ПС ЗС України у ході планування та ведення операцій (бойових дій). На підставі проведених досліджень розроблено Методику розрахунку потреби на підготовку та спеціальне використання аеродромів цивільної авіації, аеродромних ділянок доріг, польових аеродромів. Розроблена методика враховує більше 20 факторів, що впливають на прийняття рішення по використанню аеродрому та велику кількість технічних параметрів. Методика включає критерій прийняття рішення про необхідність нарощування аеродромної мережі та надає можливість оцінити потрібні ресурси в грошовому еквіваленті.
IKTIOFAUNA AIR TAWAR PADA BEBERAPA SUNGAI DI AIFAT TIMUR, MAYBRAT, PAPUA BARAT
Authors: Manangkalangi Emmanuel
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTSeven fish species from seven families are found during this study. The most common species found are Melanotaenia irianjaya (9/10 sites). No introduced species were found in any of the sites. Species richness ranged from 1-5 species per site and was highest in Aikrer Usem stream and Aisen stream. This difference between sites is partially attributed to position in order system and fishing effort. Higher order which is a combination of several creeks provided more diverse microhabitat than the lower ones, thus supporting higher fish diversity. A total of three species (42.9%) which endemic to southern Vogelkop Peninsular and northern Bomberai. Most of species are found including carnivorous, with diet consisted of aquatic and terrestrial insects, and the other benthic invertebrates. The presence of prey group is very closely related to the availability of riparian vegetation in the streams and creeks. Recommendations will include implementation of good forest management in the watershed to maintain the pattern of hydrology and water discharge in natural conditions, and also protection of riparian zones that exist as a source of energy for the stream ecosystem and as a buffer against an input from the terrestrial. ABSTRAKDitemukan tujuh spesies ikan dari tujuh famili selama penelitian ini. Spesies yang paling umum ditemukan adalah Melanotaenia irianjaya (9/10 lokasi). Tidak ditemukan spesies ikan introduksi pada lokasi survei. Kekayaan spesies ikan berkisar 1-5 spesies per lokasi dan paling tinggi ditemukan pada Sungai Aikrer Usem dan Sungai Aisen. Perbedaan di antara lokasi ini sebagian berhubungan dengan posisi dalam sistem ordo dan upaya penangkapan. Ordo yang lebih tinggi yang merupakan gabungan dari beberapa anak sungai menyediakan mikrohabitat yang lebih beranekaragam dibandingkan ordo yang lebih rendah, sehingga mendukung keankeragaman ikan yang lebih tinggi. Sebanyak tiga spesies (42,9%) endemik Semenanjung Vogelkop bagian selatan dan Bomberai bagian utara. Sebagian besar spesies yang ditemukan termasuk kelompok karnivora, dengan makannya terdiri danri insekta air dan darat, serta avertebrata bentik lainnya. Keberadaan kelompok mangsa ini sangat berkaitan erat dengan ketersediaan vegetasi riparia yang berada di bagian tepi sungai maupun anak sungai. Rekomendasi yang diberikan meliputi implementasi pengelolaan hutan yang baik di daerah tangkapan air untuk mempertahankan pola hidrologi dan kondisi debit air secara alami serta perlindungan zona-zona riparia yang ada sebagai sumber energi bagi ekosistem sungai dan sebagai penyanggah terhadap bahan masukan dari daratan.
STRUKTUR VEGETASI MANGROVE DI PESISIR SUMURI, TELUK BINTUNI, PAPUA BARAT
Authors: Lekito Krisma , Tambing Yunus
Published: August 2020

ABSTRAKData primer mangrove sangat penting dikumpulkan secara terperinci bagi penilaian ekosistem, struktur vegetasi, dan jauh lebih dari itu adalah fungsi ekologi jangka panjang lanskap. Secara terperinci data kualitatif dan kuantitatif vegetasi mangrove pada berbagai tingkatan pertumbuhan di kawasan hutan mangrove Sumuri, Teluk Bintuni belum diketahui padahal data-data tersebut sangat diperlukan untuk menilai keadaan kesehatan ekosistem dan habitat saat ini dan dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi perubahan-perubahan lingkungan pada masa mendatang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa struktur vegetasi mangrove pada tingkat pertumbuhan semai, belta, dan pohon khususnya di kawasan mangrove Kido, Sumuri, Teluk Bintuni, Papua Barat. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa nilai INP Bruguiera gymnorrhiza tertinggi untuk seluruh tingkatan pertumbuhan mangrove dengan rincian semai 55.397 %, belta 76,649, dan pohon sebesar 88,534 %. Bruguiera gymnorrhiza merupakan penciri utama bagi kawasan hutan mangrove Kido, Sumuri, Teluk Bintuni. Faktor utama pendukung pertumbuhan Bruguiera gymnorrhiza untuk semua tingkat pertumbuhan adalah kondisi habitat hutan mangrove Kido yang berupa lumpur dengan substrat dangkal.
PERTUMBUHAN, UMUR, DAN DIMORFISME SEKSUAL IKAN PELANGI ARFAK, Melanotaenia arfakensis Allen, 1990 DI SISTEM SUNGAI PRAFI, MANOKWARI, PAPUA BARAT
Authors: Manangkalangi Emmanuel , Leatemia Simon P.O. , Sembel Luky , Lefaan Paskalina T. , Sala Ridwan , Rahardjo M.F.
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTArfak rainbow fish, Melanotaenia arfakensis is an endemic fish on several river systems in the northeastern part of the Vogelkop peninsula. This study aims to describe the growth, age at first maturity, and sexual dimorphism of this endemic fish on the Nimbai Stream and the Aimasi Stream, the Prafi River system. The fish were caught using handnet, then were measured their standard length and individual weight. Data were analyzed to estimated growth patterns, von Bertalanffy's growth rate, age at first maturity and sexual dimorphism characteristics. The results showed that male growth patterns varied, with a tendency of the increase in body length faster than that of body weight (negative allometric patterns) with b values ranging from 2.886 to 3.132. On the other hand, the female individuals had positive allometric patterns (b values ranged from 3.062 to 3.378). The growth rate (K) of male body length was faster (0.165-0.174) than that of female individuals (0.159-0.163). Male individuals reached the first maturity condition earlier (at age of 1.83-2.18 years) than female individuals (at age of 2.49-2.64 years). Sexual characteristics between the sexes are related to body height starting to appear when fish are of a standard length of larger than 18.22 mm or when male fish begin to approach the time of the first sexual maturity. Understanding of growth, age, and the characteristics of the sexual dimorphism of endemic fish has an important meaning in monitoring population conditions and for conservation efforts in their natural habitat.
PENGGUNAAN EKSTRAK KASAR BEBERAPA TUMBUHAN DALAM PENGENDALIAN Mycobacterium tuberculosis PENYEBAB PENYAKIT TUBERKULOSIS PADA MANUSIA
Authors: Batvian Karolina , Erari Derek Korneles , Salosa Yenni Yendri
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThe objective of this reserach is to know  the ability of leaf extract of Coleus scutellarioides, Dodonaea viscosa  and the seed of Areca catechu as anti-bacterial to inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth  which cause human tuberculosis desease. This research use experimental method  with completely rendomized Design (RAL) toward 5 treatments and 4 replications,means 20 treatments in total.  Result shows that the crude leaf extracts of  C. Scutellarioides and  D. viscosa can hamper M. Tuberculosis in 17,25 mm and 10,28 mm inhibition size. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan ekstrak daun Coleus scutellarioides, Dodonaea viscosa   dan ekstrak biji Areca catechu sebagai antibakteri dalam menghambat pertumbuhan M. tuberculosis penyebab penyakit tuberkulosis pada manusia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode eksperimen dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terhadap 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan sehingga diperoleh 20 percobaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kasar daun C. scutellarioides, D. viscosa, terhadap M. tuberculosis dengan besar daya hambat 17,25 mm dan 10,28 mm.
Commentary on Reardon, Kalogrides, and Ho’s “Validation Methods for Aggregate-Level Test Scale Linking: A Case Study Mapping School District Test Score Distributions to a Common Scale”
Authors: Bolt Daniel
Published: August 2020

The studies presented by Reardon, Kalogrides, and Ho provide preliminary support for a National Assessment of Educational Progress–based aggregate linking of state assessments when used for research purposes. In this commentary, I suggest future efforts to explore possible sources of district-level bias, evaluation of predictive accuracy at the state level, and a better understanding of the performance of the linking when applied to the inevitable nonrepresentative district samples that will be encountered in research studies.
Políticas Públicas para o Desenvolvimento Rural no Brasil: FHC e Lula
Authors: Passini João José , Schneider Mirian Beatriz
Published: August 2020

Esse artigo tem por objetivo apresentar e discutir as principais políticas públicas voltadas ao desenvolvimento rural brasileiro nos governos dos presidentes Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC) e Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Ao fazer isso, pretende-se oferecer um panorama das estratégias escolhidas pelos governos estudados e avaliar a continuidade ou ruptura nas políticas implantadas. De forma geral, o governo FHC adotou os preceitos neoliberais, propondo um desenvolvimento endógeno com o propósito de diminuir a presença e atuação do Estado. Em contrapartida, o governo Lula apostou no desenvolvimento endógeno como forma da sociedade apropriar-se da riqueza gerada, tendo o Estado como entidade promotora desse desenvolvimento. Como ponto em comum, a criação do Pronaf, na gestão de FHC, consolida-se em uma referência na promoção do desenvolvimento rural sustentável na gestão de Lula, e tornar-se uma importante ferramenta de políticas públicas destinadas à produção e distribuição de alimentos.
EDUCAÇÃO CORPORATIVA COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM E MOTIVAÇÃO NAS ORGANIZAÇÕES
Authors: Zouain Miranda Fabrício
Published: August 2020

Este estudo pretende analisar a educação corporativa como estratégia de ensino, aprendizagem e motivação nas organizações Diante deste cenário, delimitou-se como questão
de investigação o seguinte problema: O que fazer para que as empresas percebam o nível de
envolvimento de seus funcionários e promovam o desenvolvimento das competências,
habilidades, valores organizacionais e culturais, de forma a satisfazer suas necessidades
pessoais, profissionais e cumprir seus objetivos empresariais? O objetivo do estudo foi
compreender a contribuição da Educação Corporativa, seus efeitos motivacionais nos
colaboradores de uma Instituição Financeira Pública e o impacto positivo nos objetivos e
resultados empresariais. Faz-se necessário descrever a evolução da Educação Corporativa na
formação pessoal e profissional dos colaboradores, explicar a importância da motivação para a
retenção de talentos com aumento da competitividade, produtividade e autoestima e reconhecer
a necessidade de implantação de uma Universidade Corporativa na formação destes
colaboradores, e sua aplicação prática em uma Instituição Financeira Pública. A justificativa
está no fato de mostrar que no mundo atual de rápidas mudanças, as organizações estão
preocupadas com a formação e capacitação de seus funcionários para que permaneçam sempre
motivados e produtivos em seu ambiente de trabalho. Em relação ao tipo de pesquisa, esse
estudo foi de cunho bibliográfico, embasado em uma revisão de literatura. Demonstrou-se a
partir das conclusões que a capacitação e formação por meio da Educação Corporativa é fator
essencial para o sucesso no alcance dos objetivos e resultados das organizações, além de
proporcionar enorme satisfação e benefícios ao seu corpo funcional.
The Impact of Record Management on Public Procurement Performance in Kampala Capital City Authority
Authors: RAHIM KAJOBA ABDUL
Published: August 2020

Public Reform and Development Secretariat GoK,(2005)
reports indicates that corruption and discretionary powers contribute to the
poor delivery of services in government apparatuses and departments. The loss
of control of records has consequences for all citizens, especially for the
poorest who are least able to defend themselves. Relevant and accurate public
records are essential to preserving the rule of law and demonstrating fair,
equal, and consistent treatment of citizens. All citizens are entitled to
access to records and information yet in most cases, they do not get them or if
they do, it takes a long time because of inadequate information systems, lack
of appropriate use of technology as well as challenges to do with the human
resources establishment and functions. By using
an internet data search on government reports ,books, journalS, articles, and
websites Paper is going to investigate on the effect of record management on public procurement
performance in Kampala Capital City Authority.
الألفاظ ذات البعد الرياضي في القرآن الكريم مقاربة دلالية
Authors: خلف حمود باسل
Published: August 2020

تتجلى في هذا البحث ألفاظ ،وكلمات انطوت على أبعاد ايحائية ، دلالية ، اعتمدت على أغراض رياضية معنوية ، ومادية تمثلت في ألفاظ ( الفوز ، والخسارة ، والفريق ، والكأس، والحكم ..الخ) والتي استعانت باشتقاقات ،ومرجعيات لسانية في المعجم العربي ، فضلا عن بيان الاستثمار القرآني لتناول هذه الدلالات الرياضية في سياقات ، وعبارات اقترنت بالاتساع المعنوي او الانحسار الدلالي لكل لفظة من الألفاظ ، وما يمكن أن يكشفه القران من حقول دلالية أضافت عليه معان اصطلاحية رياضية  ارتبط بالسياق القرآني تحديدا ، ولابد من التنويه ، فقد تم ترتيب الألفاظ على وفق النظام الهجائي وحسب الجذر الثلاثي لها في هذه الدراسة
توظيف الرمز في شعر عبد المطلّب محمود*
Authors: شاكر نعاس وليد , حمودي محمد التويج هاجر
Published: August 2020

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى الكشف عن أهم الرموز التي استعملها الشاعر والتي تنوعت ما بين رموز دينية وأسطورية وتراثية ورمز المرأة، إذ يعد الرمز من الوسائل الفنية التي اعتمدها الشعراء في قصائدهم رغبة في التعبير عمّا يخبؤونه في الباطن، أو الخوف من اظهار بعض التفاصيل فيكشف عنها بالإيحاء، أو قد يكون لإضفاء طابع الجمال والتميز على قصائده وكثيراً ما يلجأ الشعراء للرمز ليظهروا من خلاله عبقريتهم في خلق علاقات مختلفة وذلك في اللعب بالألفاظ في داخل النص ، ليُثير في المتلقي الرغبة في متابعة القراءة لحلّ ألغاز النص وفكّ شيفراته، فيخرج القارئ الواعي الفطن بفكرة جديدة عند كل قراءة، ، فتسهم هذه الرموز في إبراز شعرية النص وجماليته.
التكرار وأثره في التّماسك النصِّي في خطبة النصر للمرجعية العليا دراسة تطبيقية في نحو النصِّ
Authors: كريم حسن رعد
Published: August 2020

يتناول هذا البحث نوعًا من أنواع التماسك النصِّي ألا وهو التكرار ، والذي بدوره يشكل أهمية كبرى في تناسق الترابط البنائي بين الألفاظ ، واستجلاء لدور التكرار وأثره في التماسك النصِّي في خطبة النصر للمرجعية العليا في النجف الأشرف( ) ؛ كونه يخلق بعدا دلاليّا بين عناصر النصّ، وفوائد جمالية تساعد على رفع كفاءة التركيب النصِّي.
النزاع الاسلامي-الهندوسي حول المسجد البابري في الهند (دراسة تاريخية)
Authors: حميد أبوشنة أسعد
Published: August 2020

يعد المسجد  البابري احد اهم المساجد التاريخية في الهند ، ومن اهم الشواهد الحضارية التي خلفتها الامبراطورية المغولية(1520-1859)،شيده مؤسسها ظهير الدين محمد بابر(1483-1530) وتكمن اهمية الموضوع في ان المسجد صار محل نزاع بين المسلمين والهندوس في الهند ، ولازال قائماً بكل تفاصيله على كافة المستويات الرسمية والشعبية ، سيما بعد وصول حزب بهارتيا جاناتا الهندوسي احد الاطراف الرئيسية في ذلك النزاع الى السلطة في الهند وتولي زعيمه نارندرا مودي رئاسة الوزراء ، ويهدف البحث الى تتبع مراحل ذلك النزاع ، وعرض الحجج التاريخية والادلة التي تبناها كل طرف دعماً لادعاءه . وقد قسمنا البحث الى مقدمة وجملة من العنوانات شملت : الموقع الجغرافي للمسجد البابري ، ثم تناولنا دور بريطانيا في تأجيج النزاع بين المسلمين والهندوس حول المسجد ، وبداية النزاع بين الطرفين ، مروراً بأهم الاطراف المشاركة في ذلك النزاع ، والصراع السياسي بين الاحزاب الهندوسي وتوظيفها قضية المسجد البابري ، كما تناولنا الموقف الرسمي للمسلمين ، وهدم المسجد والاحتكام الى التنقيبات الاثارية ، وأخيراً الخاتمة التي شملت جملة من الاستنتاجات التي توصلنا إليها.
ميدان الصحة وتحليله المكاني لسكان محافظة بابل لسنة 2018 ( الصحة، الحرمان ، الانجاب)
Authors: مفيد احمد الخزرجي رعد , جواد عبيس ناجي
Published: August 2020

يهدف البحث الى تقسيم الأسر في محافظة بابل الى ثلاث فئات حسب حالات الحرمان (مرتفع  متوسط ، منخفض) ضمن دليل ميدان الصحة ، للوصول الى نسبة الأسر مرتفعة الحرمان ، ومعرفة المؤشرات والوحدات الادارية التي يتركز فيها للمساهمة في وضع السياسات السكانية التي يمكن باتباعها رفع مستوى معيشة السكان .

ولتحقيق ذلك استخدم المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي والاسلوب الكمي ، وللوصول الى العلاقات المكانية المرتبطة بميدان الصحة اعتمدت الحقيبة الاحصائية ((spss من خلال استخدام معامل ارتباط بيرسون والتحليل العنقودي ، واعتمد البحث في بياناته على الاصدارات الرسمية للجهاز المركزي للإحصاء وتكنلوجيا المعلومات ، والدراسة الميدانية لسنة 2018 .

ومن الاستنتاجات التي توصل اليها البحث ، ان نسبة الأسر ذات الحرمان المرتفع ضمن دليل ميدان الصحة لسنة 2018 بلغت (29.2%) ، وتباينة هذه النسبة على مستوى الوحدات الادارية ، اذ جاء مركز قضاء المسيب بالمرتبة الاولى بنسبة بلغت (70.6%) وجاءت ناحية المشروع بالمرتبة الاخيرة بنسبة بلغت (45.1%) ، وتراوحت بقية الوحدات الادارية بين النسبتين أعلاه.
الافكار اللاعقلانية وعلاقتها بالإخفاق المعرفي لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية
Authors: ابراهيم فزع عماد
Published: August 2020

هدف البحث الحالي التعرف على مستوى الافكار اللاعقلانية والاخفاق المعرفي لدى الطلبة المرحلة الاعدادية، والكشف عن العلاقة بين هذه المتغيرات.

ولتحقيق ذلك قام الباحث بتبني مقياس الافكار اللاعقلانية للباحث (المرسومي، 2009) يتكون المقياس من (60) فقرة بتدرج ثلاثي،   ومقياس الاخفاق المعرفي للباحث (محمد ، 2012) الذي يتكون من (40) فقرة بتدرج ثلاثي ، وطبقت الدراسة على عينة اختيرت بصورة عشوائية قوامها (300) طالب وطالبة من طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية في محافظة الانبار ، قام الباحث بأستخراج الخصائص القياسية لمقاييس البحث لمعرفة مدى ملائمتها للعينة الحالية، وبعد تحليل اجابات الطلبة على ادوات البحث اظهرت نتائج البحث الاتي:-

تتمتع العينة بمستوى متوسط من الافكار اللاعقلانية، وان درجات أفراد العينة قد اقتربت من مستوى الوسط الفرضي.

تتمتع العينة بمستوى منخفض من الاخفاق المعرفي، وان متوسط درجات أفراد العينة على مقياس الاخفاق المعرفي كان اقل من الوسط الفرضي للمقياس وهو دال إحصائياً .

وجود علاقة ارتباطيه موجبة دالة بين الافكار اللاعقلانية والاخفاق المعرفي.
The Metaphorical Modeling of COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis in Infosphere Online News Articles
Authors: A. Al Husain Mohamed
Published: August 2020

The article addresses the process of metaphorical modeling of Coronavirus (COVID-19) during COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis (CPC) by  Infosphere Online News (INFON) articles and stories. It is a cognitive semantic analysis of the language of online news based on the theoretical constructs proposed by Lakoff & Johnson (1987) Conceptual Metapor Theory. INFON articles embody a process of transferring verbalized knowledge between two active parties (News Authorship and Readership) with unequal knwoeldge accessibility and propensity to transfer and disseminate such knowledge. The mechanism of metaphorization is one of the key ways of verbalizing how the austhorship categorizes and conceptualizes the experience of the world with COVID-19. The results unfold: the predominant  COVID-19 perception in INFON discourse is “COVID-19  is an ENEMY” and the metaphorical modeling, utilized by INFON discourse, a two-edged tool: positive by objectively informing the readers about that world or negative, by manipulating their conceptualization to create an aggressive image of world, theorefore  circulating anxiety, fear and panic.
A billion dollar idea
Authors: Lobo Matheus Pereira
Published: August 2020

A peer to peer open science app for crowd co-authorship is described. It would allow citizens to participate in the main steps of the scientific research.
Factors affecting non-performing loans of commercial banks: The role of bank performance and credit growth
Authors: Dao Kieu Oanh , Nguyen Thi Yen , Hussain Sarfraz , Nguyen V.C.
Published: August 2020

The recent crisis of non-performing loans in the banking system has hit the Vietnamese economy hard. The GDP has been fallen down, while the bad debt ratio in the banking system has risen dramatically to 17.2 percent, and it takes more time to restore the economy and banking system. This research aims to define aspects that impact non-performing commercial bank loans in Vietnam. It covers the period of 2008–2017 using 200 identified banks of Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange and Hanoi Stock Exchange, and applies methods based on the regression of pooled ordinary least squares, fixed and random effects models, in particular, generalized least squares to confirm the stability of the regression model. The results show that non-performing loans this year will positively affect those in the next year. In addition, a raise in bank performance and credit growth also leads to the reduction in non-performing loans from banks. Regarding macroeconomic factors, higher interest rates would have a major and beneficial influence on failed loans in terms of macroeconomic dynamics, and, therefore, little effect on economic activity and inflation. Therefore, Vietnamese banking system should reduce the systematic risk and improve monitoring processes, drawing on the experience of global banks with extensive experience in risk management.
Best Practice Tata Kelola Pendidikan Tinggi: Inspirasi dari Jerman
Authors: Wicaksono Hendro
Published: August 2020

Presentasi ini menjelaskan tentang best practice tata kelola perguruan tinggi di Jerman yang meliputi hubungan timbal balik antara industri dan perguruan tinggi, konsep dan proses penyusunan kurikulum berkualitas, manajemen kualitas sumberdaya manusia dan dosen, struktur organisasi penelitian, sinergi pengajaran dan penelitian, dan metode internasionalisasi.
Framing effects, replications, and scientific inference: Reply to commentary by Simmons and Nelson (2013) on Mandel (2014)
Authors: Mandel David R.
Published: August 2020

A reply to Simmons and Nelson (2013) was posted at https://sites.google.com/site/themandelian/data-colada in December, 2013. As it has been cited in literature, and as the website on which it appeared will soon be inactive, the aim of this document is to ensure the reply has a permanent record going forward. This version has been edited for style, but the substantive content is the same as in the original post.
The power of everyday peer relatedness in predicting subjective well-being and adjustment after secondary school transition
Authors: Schmidt Andrea , Dirk Judith , Schmiedek Florian
Published: August 2020

Secondary school transition represents a challenging life event. This study examines 108 children (M=10.11 years, SD=0.44) in Germany during the first 12 weeks at the new school. Daily satisfaction and frustration of the basic need for relatedness were examined as predictors of subjective well-/ill-being and adjustment/psychopathology. Subjective well-/ill-being were assessed at weeks 3-4 and week 11 of the school year. In between, there was a 4-week period of daily assessments of perceived relatedness satisfaction and frustration. Teachers indicated each child’s psychological adjustment/psychopathology (e.g., emotional symptoms) in weeks 11-12. Daily relatedness satisfaction was associated with increases in positive affect from weeks 3-4 to week 11, while daily relatedness frustration was linked to an increase in negative affect and school anxiety. Furthermore, daily relatedness satisfaction was negatively linked to teacher-reported emotional symptoms and peer problems at weeks 11-12, and daily relatedness frustration was positively associated with teacher-reported conduct problems and hyperactivity-inattention. German AbstractDer Übergang an die weiterführende Schule stellt ein kritisches Lebensereignis für viele Kinder dar. Diese Studie untersuchte 108 Kinder (M=10.11 Jahre, SD=0.44) in Deutschland innerhalb der ersten 12 Wochen nach dem Übergang ans Gymnasium. Tägliche Erfüllung und Frustration des Bedürfnisses nach sozialer Zugehörigkeit in die Klassengemeinschaft dienten als Prädiktoren der Verläufe kindlichen Wohlbefindens sowie psychologischer Anpassung/Psychopathologie. Subjektives Wohlbefinden wurde in den Wochen 3-4 sowie in Woche 11 des Schuljahres erhoben. Dazwischen berichteten Kinder über 4 Wochen hinweg täglich ihre wahrgenommene soziale Eingebundenheit und Ausgrenzung in der Schule. Lehrkräfte berichteten die psychologische Anpassung/Psychopathologie jedes Kindes in den Wochen 11-12. Tägliche soziale Eingebundenheit ging mit einem Anstieg des positiven Affekts von Woche 3/4 zu Woche 11 einher, während tägliche soziale Ausgrenzung Anstiege des negativen Affekts und der Schulangst vorhersagte. Höhere soziale Eingebundenheit hing mit geringeren Lehrkraft-berichteten emotionalen Symptomen und Problemen mit Gleichaltrigen zusammen, während höhere soziale Ausgrenzung stärkere Verhaltensprobleme und Hyperaktivität-Unaufmerksamkeit vorhersagte.
Acute Pain Differentially Impacts Problem Solving in an Analogue Setting
Authors: Ellis Derek , Robison Matthew Kyle , Karoly Paul , Brewer Gene
Published: August 2020

Despite the documented detrimental effects of chronic pain across a variety of psychosocial domains, its effects on diverse aspects of cognitive ability remain open to further exploration. Of particular note, pain often interferes with higher-order functions, such as memory, attention, and concentration, required for effective goal pursuit. The present study examined, in a controlled laboratory setting, the impact of induced (acute) pain on two types of problem solving. Participants attempted algebra and compound remote associates problems while either in acute pain (induced via a pressure algometer) or in a non-pain condition. Results indicated that pain had a detrimental impact on both types of problem solving. Further probing revealed that, for a subset of participants, pain either yielded no effect or actually facilitated problem solving. For participants demonstrating the facilitating effects of induced pain, it appears that the pain induction may have promoted more effective solution processes. Specifically, when working on algebra problems, participants showing pain facilitation effects reported more analytically derived (i.e., step-by-step) solutions. For compound remote associate problems, pain tended to facilitate the use of more insight-oriented solutions. We discuss the implications of these findings and consider future research directions.
Where Are The Self-Correcting Mechanisms In Science?
Authors: Vazire Simine , Holcombe Alex O.
Published: August 2020

It is often said that science is self-correcting, but the replication crisis suggests that, at least in some fields, self-correction mechanisms have fallen short of what we might hope for. How can we know whether a particular scientific field has effective self-correction mechanisms, that is, whether its findings are credible? The usual processes that supposedly provide mechanisms for scientific self-correction – mainly peer review and disciplinary committees – have been inadequate. We argue for more verifiable indicators of a field’s commitment to self-correction. These include transparency, which is already a target of many reform efforts, and critical appraisal, which has received less attention. Only by obtaining Measurements of Observable Self-Correction (MOSCs) can we begin to evaluate the claim that “science is self-correcting.” We expect the validity of this claim to vary across fields and subfields, and suggest that some fields, such as psychology and biomedicine, fall far short of an appropriate level of transparency and, especially, critical appraisal. Fields without robust, verifiable mechanisms for transparency and critical appraisal cannot reasonably be said to be self-correcting, and thus do not warrant the credibility often imputed to science as a whole.
The ontogeny of children's social emotions in response to (un)fairness
Authors: Gerdemann Stella , McAuliffe Katherine , Blake Peter , Haun Daniel , Hepach Robert
Published: August 2020

Humans have a deeply-rooted sense of fairness, but its emotional foundation in early ontogeny remains poorly understood. Here, we ask if and when children show negative social emotions, such as shame or guilt, in response to advantageous unfairness expressed through a lowered body posture (measured using a Kinect depth sensor imaging camera). We will present young children across the age range of 4 to 9 years with a scenario in which one child (the actor) chooses between two opaque boxes each containing rewards. We then manipulate whether the actor’s box contains 4 rewards or 1 reward (while the other box always contains 1) and measure children’s emotional expression. In a nonsocial context, i.e., when the resource distribution affects only the acting child, we expect that children will express a positive emotion (an elevated posture) after receiving 4 rewards and a negative emotion (a lowered posture) after receiving 1 reward. The crucial question we ask is if and when in ontogeny children express social emotions in response to (un)fairness. In a social context, i.e., when the reward distribution affects the acting child and a peer recipient, receiving 4 rewards while a peer receives 1 reward should result in a negative social emotion similar to shame or guilt (lowered posture), whereas a 1-1 fair split should result in a positive emotion similar to pride (elevated posture). The systematic study of children’s social emotions across a wide age range will shed new light on emotional foundation of the human sense of fairness.
Trends in age distribution of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths by race in the United States
Authors: Fabic Madeleine Short , Choi Yoonjoung
Published: August 2020

COVID-19 cases are quickly growing across the United States with numerous states reporting that the proportion of cases among young people is ballooning. COVID-19 data are typically presented cumulatively and by only one demographic characteristic. Understanding and communicating complex demographic trends is imperative to recognize population-level vulnerabilities and inform tailored public health responses. Using the latest COVID-19 Case Surveillance Public Use Data by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), we aim to: a) assess one dimension of reporting quality-- data completeness; and b) examine national time-trends in the age pattern of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths overall as well as by race and ethnicity. Reporting of race and ethnicity in COVID-19 cases has been persistently poor, multiple months into the pandemic. Our analysis also shows unequal and changing age-patterns among cases, hospitalizations, and deaths by race and ethnicity. Age-pattern differences between whites and other races are widening.
Immigration, Race, and Political Polarization
Authors: Hout Michael , Maggio Christopher
Published: August 2020

The growth of non-White immigration in the post-1965 era has been a major force in defining the relationship between race and immigration in the contemporary United States. Another key trend, political polarization, has been important in understanding this relationship, exemplified most recently by the election of the strongly anti-immigrant and racially inflammatory presidential candidate, Donald Trump. This article explores the contemporary relationship between race, immigration, and political polarization by analyzing several key components of said relationship. Echoing past research, we find that racial and immigration attitudes are increasingly split along political party lines. We also show that, although the positive correlation between racial resentment and restrictive immigration attitudes has generally increased in recent times, 2016 saw an uptick in this correlation, a finding that is likely related to the mobilization of these issues in 2016. Again paralleling prior research, we show that both conservative racial attitudes and restrictive immigration attitudes were strong predictors of Trump voting among non-Hispanic Whites, both in the general and primary elections, and even controlling for voting patterns in the 2012 general election, highlighting the unique connection between Trump and these issues. Overall, these findings point toward an increased importance of race and immigration in the current political climate.
Potensi korosivitas pada tanah endapan dataran banjir sungai Citarum di Karawang, Jawa Barat
Authors: Rukmana Yanwar Yusup , Ridwan Muhamad , Zakaria Zufialdi , Muslim Dicky , Seraphine Nadhirah
Published: August 2020

Corrosion is the biggest problem for equipment that utilised metal, including infrastructure. Corrosion is degradation of metal quality due to the chemical reaction of a metal with the surrounding environment, including soil. Important indicators that contribute to the classification of the rate of corrosivity in soils are water content, pH, types of minerals, soil resistivity values and other chemical-physical parameters. The research area is in Anggadita Village, Klari District, Karawang Regency, West Java Province. Drilling and sampling locations are approximately 300 meters from the Citarum river. The article aimed to investigate between physical and chemical characteristics (soil texture, type of resistivity, pH) of weathered sediments of the Citarum river flood plain to the classification of soil corrosivity. Soil classification in the study area is fine grained and classified into silt with high plasticity (MH-ML) and clay with high plasticity (CH). The results of the analysis of the distribution of potential soil corrosivity in the study area indicate that the level of soil corrosivity is at a high level of corrosive to very high corrosive
Kondisi mangrove di pesisir timur pulau Jemaja Kepuluan Anambas
Authors: Andrito Wahyudi , Nasution Syafruddin , Efriyeldi Efriyeldi
Published: August 2020

Mangrove ecosystems are one of three important ecosystems in the coastal areas that supports global warming mitigation efforts. The existence of mangrove forests is needed to reduce the increased CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. However, the rise of the water temperatures and sea levels indirectly affects the presence and condition of mangrove forests in coastal areas. The purpose of this study is to determine the condition of the mangrove community on the East Coast of Jemaja, Anambas Archipelagoes Regency. The survey method  was used in this study and a series survey activities were conducted for a quadrant transect with a size of 10m by 10m in December 2019 - March 2020.The result shown that the five mangrove species were identified, such as Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal and Xylocarpus granatum. R. apiculata dominates with an important value index of 123.12%. While, the average density of mangroves and saplings in the study area was 3155 ± 785 individuals/ha and the average canopy cover was 84.03 ± 3.11%. With this finding, it can be concluded that the condition of mangroves in the East Coast of Jemaja is very dense and still in a good condition.
Musim pemijahan dan ukuran layak tangkap udang jerbung (Penaeus merguiensis) di perairan Dumai dan sekitarnya, Riau
Authors: Putri Pane Andina Ramadhani , Suman Ali
Published: August 2020

The high demand for shrimp commodities will increase catching to spur production so that it will affect the shrimp population. This scientific study will discuss the spawning season of banana shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis), catch size, and environmental conditions of Dumai and surrounding waters. This research was conducted from April to December 2018 using survey methods around the waters of Dumai, Riau. Data collection was carried out monthly on 4,677 banana shrimps assisted by enumerators. The analysis was carried out on the relationship between carapace length and body weight, sex ratio, gonad maturity level, and catch size. The condition of the aquatic environment that influences the process of reproduction becomes a comparison in determining management efforts. Banana shrimp size structure 18-60 mm, dominant at 28 mm and negative allometric growth patterns. The genital ratio shows that female shrimp are more dominant than males and the spawning season lasts throughout the year with peaks in June and December. The length at first capture was 34.5 mm with the length at first maturity was 30.8 mm (Lc> Lm), meaning that it had spawned before being capture. However, the polluted water environment can interfere with the process of growth and population growth even though various environmental parameters are still within normal limits. So the thing to do is to close the shrimp catching area in June and December, not catch in the spawning area, the size of the shrimp that can be caught is 31 mm and protect the aquatic environment from pollution.
Innovation and Healing in Contemporary Yup’ik Mask Making
Authors: Mossolova Anna
Published: August 2020

This ethnographic study, conducted with seven contemporary Yup’ik carvers examines one of the oldest, but long suppressed, art forms in southwest Alaska – mask making. In-depth individual interviews captured the voices of artists of different ages, backgrounds and experiences, who, as they branch out and push the boundaries of traditional media, keep re-exploring and forging their cultural identity by bringing the forgotten symbols, values and worldviews associated with masks back to life. This article demonstrates how innovation unfolds the healing potential of masks and can help individuals and communities recuperate from a colonial past, and assert positive self-identification as Alaska Indigenous peoples today.
Medical adherence and liver transplantation: a brief review
Authors: Hammond Carl , Hussaini Trana , Yoshida Eric M
Published: August 2020

Liver transplantation remains the only feasible long-term treatment option for patients with end-stage liver disease. Despite significant medical and surgical advances over the decades, liver transplantation remains a complex undertaking with the need for indefinite immunosuppression and avoidance of patient behaviours that may jeopardize the allograft. Adherence (formerly called “compliance”) to medical recommendations in terms of anti-rejection medications and—in the case of alcoholic liver disease, abstinence—is considered a key cornerstone to long-term allograft and patient survival. Not surprisingly, a history of habitual non-adherence is considered a contraindication to liver transplantation, especially re-transplantation. It is often assumed that non-adherence policies are “self-evidential” based on “common sense” and “expert opinion.” In fact, non-adherence and its negative effects have been well studied in medicine, including in solid organ transplantation. In this review, we present the evidence that non-adherence to medical advice is clearly associated with worse medical outcomes, supporting the concept that efforts to support patient adherence post-transplant need to be optimized at all times.