bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution patterns and biogeography of Sargassum (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) along the coast of Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Tu Van , Boo Sung Min
Published: July 2020

Sargassum species form large beds that play an important role in coastal ecosystems. The beds are abundant and Sargassum is often used as food and in Asian medicine in Vietnam. As a base for future use and conservation, we surveyed 14 species of Sargassum at eight locations during April-May of 2018 and 2019. Sargassum species from Vietnam were divisible into northern and southern groups; the northern group comprised Sargassum graminifolium, Sargassum herklotsii, and Sargassum cotoense, which occur in the North and North Central zones. The southern group comprised Sargassum bicorne, Sargassum feldmannii, Sargassum ilicifolium, Sargassum swartzii, and two endemic species, Sargassum phamhoangii and Sargassum quinhonense, which occur in the Central to South West zones. Three species, Sargassum aquifolium, Sargassum oligocystum, and Sargassum polycystum, were widespread along the long coast of Vietnam. This is the first report on distribution patterns of Sargassum species along the long coast of Vietnam. Our study provides baseline data for evaluating ecological disturbance and risks of Sargassum-associated ecosystems.
Managing COVID-19 outbreak in Nigeria: matters arising
Authors: Onyeaghala Augustine Anayochukwu , Olajide Isiramen
Published: July 2020

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome – novel Coronavirus 2 (SARS-nCoV-2), was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December, 2019. Since the outbreak, the virus has infected more than 9,866,685 individuals, 4,983,029 treated and discharged and 495,692 deaths globally. The first Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Nigeria was imported in February, 2020 and since then community transmission has been prevalent. As at the time of writing this report, Nigeria has reported about 23,298 cases of COVID-19, 8,253 treated and discharged and 554 deaths, giving a case mortality ratio of 2.4%. While responsible government agencies and international partners have been working hard to curtail the spread of the disease, we present in this report, some matters arising from managing COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria; and proffered suggestions which could help not only in managing the current COVID-19 pandemic, but also for winning future outbreaks of public health significance with a view to curtailing global health security.
Hemoglobin variants in southern China: results obtained during the measurement of glycated hemoglobin in a large population
Authors: Xu Anping , Chen Weidong , Xie Weijie , Wang Yajun , Ji Ling
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Hemoglobin (Hb) variant is one of the most common monogenic inherited disorders. We aimed to explore the prevalence and hematological and molecular characteristics of Hb variants in southern China.

Methods

We collected blood samples from all patients with suspected variants found during HbA1c measurement via a cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography system (Bio-Rad Variant II Turbo 2.0) or a capillary electrophoresis method (Sebia Capillarys). Hematological analysis, Sanger sequencing, and gap-PCR were performed for these samples.

Results

Among the 311,024 patients tested, we found 1,074 Hb variant carriers, including 823 identified using Capillarys and 251 using Variant II Turbo 2.0, with a total carrier rate of 0.35%. We discovered 117 types of Hb variants (52 HBB, 47 HBA, and 18 HBD mutations) containing 18 new mutations. The most common variant found was Hb E, followed by Hb New York, Hb J-Bangkok, Hb Q-Thailand, Hb G-Coushatta, Hb G-Honolulu, Hb G-Taipei, and Hb Broomhill. Most heterozygotes for the Hb variant exhibited normal hematological parameters. However, most patients with compound heterozygotes for the Hb variant and thalassemia showed varied degrees of microcytic hypochromic anemia.

Conclusions

The prevalence of hemoglobin variants remains high and exhibits genetic diversity and widespread distribution in the population of southern China.
Geometrical analysis of architectural drawnings in the Shah-mosque Isfahan
Authors: Goudarzi Masoumeh , Bemanian Mohammadreza , Leylian Mohammadreza
Published: July 2020

The golden number has been one of the most important measures of beauty from ancient Greece till now. Although the reason still unclear, it is certain that the golden ratio has a direct correlation with beauty. This nice feeling can come from listening to a musical piece or watching a visual art, which is based on this wondrous number. Although the golden number is more suitable from beauty or harmony’s perspective, for some researches it is a requirement to develop Architectural designs. Therefore, in this article a masterpiece (Shah-mosque Isfahan) was investigated to find its golden relations. This mosque was chosen because of the precise and harmonious proportions. In this research: plan, sections, facade and decorations of ceiling tiles in main dome, were analyzed by Phi-matrix software in which, existence of the golden ratio has been proven undoubtedly.
Numerical Analysis of a Stable Finite Volume Scheme for a Generalized Thermistor Model
Authors: Ghilani Mustapha , Quenjel El Houssaine , Rhoudaf Mohamed
Published: July 2020

A generalized thermistor model is discretized thanks to a fully implicit vertex-centered finite volume scheme on simplicial meshes.
An assumption on the stiffness coefficients is mandatory to prove a discrete maximum principle on the electric potential.
This property is fundamental to handle the stability issues related to the Joule heating term.
Then the convergence to a weak solution is established.
Finally, numerical results are presented to show the efficiency of the methodology and to illustrate the behavior of the temperature together with the electric potential within the medium.
Language change and language evolution: Cousins, siblings, twins?
Authors: Hartmann Stefan
Published: July 2020

The relationship between “language change” and “language evolution” has recently become subject to some debate regarding the scope of both concepts. It has been claimed that while the latter used to refer to the language origins in the first place, both terms can now, to a certain extent, be used synonymously. In this paper, I argue that this can partly be explained by parallel developments both in historical linguistics and in the field of language evolution research that have led to a considerable amount of convergence between both fields. Both have adopted usage-based approaches and data-driven methods, which entails similar research questions and similar perspectives on the phenomena under investigation. This has ramifications for current models and theories of language change (or evolution). Two approaches in particular, the concept of complex adaptive systems and construction grammar, have been combined in integrated approaches that seek to explain both language emergence and language change over historical time. I discuss the potential and limitations of this integrated approach, and I argue that there is still some unexplored potential for cross-fertilization.
Wettability of welded wood-joints investigated by the Wilhelmy method: part 2. Effect of wollastonite additive
Authors: Vaziri Mojgan , Karlsson Olov , Abrahamsson Lars , Moghaddam Maziar Sedighi , Sandberg Dick
Published: July 2020

The effect of wollastonite on the wetting properties of welded Scots pine-joints was studied using the multicycle Wilhelmy plate method and by observation of the chemical composition of the welded joints. Welding pine with wollastonite for 5 s resulted in a decrease in the water uptake and the swelling, and an increase in the contact angle of the welded joint compared to welded wood without wollastonite. High-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry showed the presence of dehydration products such as furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and levoglucosan in methanol extracts from welded joints of specimens welded with and without wollastonite. Phenols were also found by analysis using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and High-performance liquid chromatography. The importance of such compounds in relation to the wetting properties of the welded joint is discussed.
On quasiprimitive edge-transitive graphs of odd order and twice prime valency
Authors: Liao Hong Ci , Li Jing Jian , Lu Zai Ping
Published: July 2020

A graph is edge-transitive if its automorphism group acts transitively on the edge set.
In this paper, we investigate the automorphism groups of edge-transitive graphs of odd order and twice prime valency.
Let

Γ

{\varGamma}

be a connected graph of odd order and twice prime valency, and let G be a subgroup of the automorphism group of

Γ

{\varGamma}

.
In the case where G acts transitively on the edge set and quasiprimitively on the vertex set of

Γ

{\varGamma}

, we prove that either G is almost simple, or G is a primitive group of affine type.
If further G is an almost simple primitive group, then, with two exceptions, the socle of G acts transitively on the edge set of

Γ

{\varGamma}

.
Inverse spectral problem of an anharmonic oscillator on a half-axis with the Neumann boundary condition
Authors: Khanmamedov Agil K. , Gafarova Nigar F.
Published: July 2020

An anharmonic oscillatorT⁢(q)=-d2d⁢x2+x2+q⁢(x){T(q)=-\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}}+x^{2}+q(x)}on the half-axis0≤x<∞{0\leq x<\infty}with the Neumann boundary condition is considered. By means of transformation operators, the direct and inverse spectral problems are studied. We obtain the main integral equations of the inverse problem and prove that the main equation is uniquely solvable. An effective algorithm for reconstruction of perturbed potential is indicated.
Tumor-induced rickets-osteomalacia: an enigma
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Shah Ravikumar , Patil Virendra , Ramteke-Jadhav Swati , Bal Munita , Lila Anurag , Shah Nalini , Bandgar Tushar
Published: July 2020

Objectives

We report a case of pediatric thoracic tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) causing severe hypophosphatemic rickets with delayed diagnosis and emphasize on timely management of this rare entity.

Case presentation

A young boy presented with rickets since five years of age. Biochemical evaluation revealed hypophosphatemia, hyperphosphaturia, elevated alkaline phosphatase and normal calcium levels. Initially managed as hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets, he was given phosphorus supplements and calcitriol. Despite the therapy, skeletal deformities worsened requiring surgical corrections. Subsequently, he developed iatrogenic tertiary hyperparathyroidism for which he underwent total parathyroidectomy. Later on, he was found to have fibroblast growth factor-23 secreting thoracic mass (10.5 cm in largest dimension) which was excised with significant post operative improvement. Histopathology showed phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor-mixed connective tissue variant, confirming the diagnosis of TIO.

Conclusion

TIO, a correctable cause of hypophosphatemic rickets, should be considered in children presenting with hypophosphatemic rickets with evident mass on examination/imaging and in refractory cases.
Survey on clinical use and non-use of recombinant human erythropoietin in European neonatal units
Authors: Bolte Katharina , Maier Rolf F.
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has been shown to effectively and safely prevent the anemia of prematurity and to reduce the transfusion need in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and has been licensed for this indication in Europe in 1997. The objective of the study was to obtain information on the use or non-use of rhEPO in neonatal units in Germany and other European countries.

Methods

Anonymized 14-questions web-based questionnaire.

Results

Seventy-nine questionnaires from Germany and 63 questionnaires from other 15 European countries were completed. Of the responders, 39% indicated to use rhEPO routinely or occasionally in VLBW infants, whereas 61% responded to never use rhEPO in this population. The major reasons given for non-use were lack of recommendation in national guidelines (69%) and/or doubt about efficacy of rhEPO to reduce transfusion need (53%). Twenty-seven percent of the responders indicated to use rhEPO for neonates with birth weights above 1,500 g. Neuroprotection in VLBW infants (26%) and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in term neonates (27%) were given as indications for off label use of rhEPO.

Conclusions

This survey indicates that rhEPO is used for the anemia of prematurity as licensed in less than half of neonatal units in Germany and other European countries. On the other hand it seems to be used off label in neonates for neuroprotection in a considerable number of units although there is no final evidence on its neuroprotective effects.
Crystal structure of tert-butyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-{4-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]phenyl}-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-1-carboxylate, C18H24N2O5
Authors: Caracelli Ignez , Zukerman-Schpector Julio , Garcia Ariel L. Llanes , Costenaro Edson R. , Correia Carlos Roque D. , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: July 2020

C18H24N2O5, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.4784(7) Å, b = 9.0180(8) Å, c = 17.9483(17) Å, β = 92.823(7)°, V = 1855.6(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0505, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1611, T = 293 K.
The investigation effect of weight loss on serum vaspin, apelin-13, and obestatin levels in obese individual
Authors: Can Figen Cansu , Noyan Tevfik , Özdemir Özlem
Published: July 2020

Objectives

It was aimed to investigate if there were any significant corresponding changes on adipokine levels in obese subjects who achieved a 10% reduction in body weight.

Methods

Thirty obese and 25 healthy adults were enrolled in present study, and serum levels of vaspin, apelin-13, obestatin, and insulin were determined with the ELISA method.

Results

The serum obestatin and apelin-13 values of the obese group obtained as basal and after weight loss was significantly lower than in controls (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively); however, weight loss did not cause significant changes on these parameters in obese groups (p>0.05). The vaspin level did not differ between the groups (p>0.05). The obese group had characterized increased serum insulin and insulin resistance assessment by the homeostatic assay (HOMA-IR) levels compared to controls (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively); also, weight loss caused a significant decrease in these parameters compared to basal levels (p<0.01). No significant correlation was detected among the vaspin, apelin-13 and obestatin levels in the obese group (p>0.05).

Conclusions

Obese individuals exhibited decreased levels of apelin-13 and obestatin. Moreover, 10% weight loss caused a significant reduction of insulin resistance, but no significant change was detected on apelin-13, obestatin, and vaspin levels.
Effect of hemolysis on prealbumin assay
Authors: Güven Berrak , Tekin Abdülkadir , Can Murat
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Hemolysis is a common problem causing interference on biochemical assays. In this study, we investigated the effect of in vitro hemolysis on the measurement of prealbumin, using normal and low prealbumin concentrations.

Methods

Serum pools containing normal and low levels of prealbumin were spiked with different dilutions of the hemolysate, which was prepared according to the classical osmotic shock procedure. The final concentrations of hemoglobin in the samples were 10.63, 6.25, 5.31, 2.66, 1.33, 0.66, 0.33 and 0 g/L. The prealbumin levels in these samples were analyzed for three times by the immunoturbidimetric method on AU680 clinical chemistry analyzer. Mean percent changes of prealbumin results were presented with interferographs.

Results

We observed that hemolysis interfered negatively with both normal and low level serum pools. This effect began to exceed the limit of 10% as a critical point in the concentration range 5.31 to 6.25 g/L hemoglobin concentration in both normal and low serum pools. The limit exceeding value was higher in the low serum pool than the normal serum pool (20% and 11%, respectively).

Conclusions

Clinical laboratories must be alert the effect on low prealbumin levels, especially in settings where hemolysis is an increasing problem.
The method comparison and the verification of precision of Mindray CL-6000i thyroid function tests (TFTs)
Authors: Bozkaya Giray , Şişman Ali Rıza
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Thyroid diseases are the most frequent endocrine disorders and thyroid function tests (TFTs) are the most commonly requested endocrine tests. The reliable measurements of these tests are quite important. The aim of our study was to determine the bias and to verify the precision of the newly introduced Mindray CL-6000i immunoassay system in the guidance of CLSI guidelines.

Methods

A precision and bias study was performed in Mindray CL-6000i analyzer for FT3, FT4, TSH, Anti-TG, and Anti-TPO tests by using BioRad quality control (QC) materials and serum samples, respectively. Bland–Altman difference plot and Passing-Bablok regression analysis was made for method comparison with Beckman Coulter DXI 800 analyzer.

Results

The repeatability coefficient of variations (CVs) of FT3, FT4, TSH, Anti-TG, and Anti-TPO tests were ≤2.36, ≤1.66, ≤2.38, ≤3.48, and ≤3.31% while within laboratory CVs were ≤2.85, ≤4.61, ≤2.59, ≤3.78, and ≤3.60%, respectively. The mean differences between the two methods obtained from Bland–Altman analysis for FT3, FT4, TSH, Anti-TG, and Anti-TPO were defined to be −19%, 1.95%, −5.9%, −3.5%, and 7.3%, respectively.

Conclusions

Mindray CL-6000i had good precision in all tests, but the difference between the two methods in some tests shows that the harmonization and standardization of TFTs initiated globally is required.
SONA: A relational methodology to identify structure in networks
Authors: Glückler Johannes , Panitz Robert , Hammer Ingmar
Published: July 2020

The study of networks has been characterized by a dualism of methods. Researchers either use interpretive methods to explore the quality of social relations, or quantitative methods to assess the formal structure of network connectivity. However, because relational and structural characteristics of networks are interdependent, we present a method for Situational Organizational Network Analysis to overcome this dualism. In sequencing and integrating qualitative, quantitative and action research techniques, SONA is designed to help unveil authentic understandings of socially meaningful structure in compliance with research ethics. Drawing on a decade of research experience we describe the workings of this integrative method and elaborate on its valued-added compared to single methods. Building on selected applications, we demonstrate how the tailored use of SONA enhances cross-validation, supports original theory-building, and empowers reflexive transformative research.
Ultrasonic study of Si-oil based magneto-rheological fluid
Authors: Yadav Chandreshvar Prasad , Pandey Dharmendra Kumar , Singh Dhananjay
Published: July 2020

The present study is devoted to ultrasonic characterization of Si-oil based magneto-rheological (MR) fluid. Initially, the structural, morphological and magnetic properties of carbonyl iron powder have been carried out by its X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), SEM-energy dispersive X-ray analyser (SEM-EDX) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements. The cubic structure with lattice parameter 2.841 Å of powdered material is confirmed by XRD study while spherical particle content is confirmed by SEM measurement. The VSM measurement of powder endorses the smooth magnetization and demagnetization with no remnance and coercivity. The rheological and ultrasonic properties are measured for pure Si-oil and four synthesized MR fluids having 10–40 wt% of carbonyl iron powder. The density and viscosity of synthesized MR fluid is found to enhance with weight percentage of carbonyl iron powder. In absence of magnetic field, the longitudinal ultrasonic velocity is found to decay with temperature and concentration. In presence of magnetic field, the longitudinal ultrasonic velocity is found to enhance while velocity measured at transverse magnetic field is found to decay for each MR fluid. The change in ultrasonic velocity with concentration at fixed temperature or magnetic field resembles the magnetization characteristics of disperse powder in MR fluid. The study opens a new dimension for its characterization through ultrasonic non-destructive technique.
Isolation of secondary metabolites from the Iranian medicinal plant Eremurus persicus
Authors: Mottaghipisheh Javad , Kúsz Norbert , Hohmann Judit , Tsai Yu-Chi , Csupor Dezső
Published: July 2020

Eremurus persicus (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. belonging to Xanthorrhoeaceae family is an endemic medicinal plant widely distributed in Iran. Its leaves have been traditionally used as a food and also as medicinal plant. Regarding the widespread application of E. persicus in Iranian folk medicine, and the insignificant investigation of its components, this study aimed at the isolation and identification of major secondary metabolites of this plant. By applying various chromatographic techniques, corchoionoside A (1), 4-amino-4-carboxychroman-2-one (2), isoorientin (3), ziganein 5-methyl ether (4), auraptene (5), and imperatorin (6) were isolated from the EtOAc and CHCl3 fractions of the crude extract. Except isoorientin (3), all the identified phytoconstituents were reported for the first time from Eremurus genus.
Synthesis, investigation of biological effects and in silico studies of new benzimidazole derivatives as aromatase inhibitors
Authors: Sağlık Begüm Nurpelin , Şen Ahmet Mücahit , Evren Asaf Evrim , Çevik Ulviye Acar , Osmaniye Derya , Kaya Çavuşoğlu Betül , Levent Serkan , Karaduman Abdullah Burak , Özkay Yusuf , Kaplancıklı Zafer Asım
Published: July 2020

Inhibition of aromatase enzymes is very important in the prevention of estrogen-related diseases and the regulation of estrogen levels. Aromatase enzyme is involved in the final stage of the biosynthesis of estrogen, in the conversion of androgens to estrogen. The development of new compounds for the inhibition of aromatase enzymes is an important area for medicinal chemists in this respect. In the present study, new benzimidazole derivatives have been designed and synthesized which have reported anticancer activity in the literature. Their anticancer activity was evaluated against human A549 and MCF-7 cell lines by MTT assay. In the series, concerning MCF-7 cell line, the most potent compounds were the 4-benzylpiperidine derivatives 2c, 2g, and 2k with IC50 values of 0.032 ± 0.001, 0.024 ± 0.001, and 0.035 ± 0.001 µM, respectively, compared to the reference drug cisplatin (IC50 = 0.021 ± 0.001 µM). Then, these compounds were subject to further in silico aromatase enzyme inhibition assays to determine the possible binding modes and interactions underlying their activity. Thanks to molecular docking studies, the effectiveness of these compounds against aromatase enzyme could be simulated. Consequently, it has been found that these compounds can be settled very properly to the active site of the aromatase enzyme.
Investigation into Effect of Sonic Drilling Methodology on Standard Penetration Test Results in Dense Sand
Authors: Watkins Tania , Askarinejad Hossein , Yeo John
Published: July 2020

An extensive field investigation was conducted to quantify the variation between drilling methodologies on the SPT outputs (SPT-N60 values) in dense saturated sands. For this experiment, a test site with reasonably consistent soil properties was identified, where multiple standard penetration tests (SPTs) were conducted using four drilling methodologies, including rotary core, direct push, and two sonic drilling methods. Considering the rotary core as the benchmark, the SPT-N values obtained from this method were systematically compared with those from the other three drilling methodologies. For the dense saturated sands studied in this research, the SPT-N values from rotary sonic DT-45 showed the closest correlation to the SPT-N values from the rotary core, with about 15% variation. The variation was shown not to be statistically significant, considering the inherent variability of the SPT and the measured confidence interval of the SPT-N values from the standard rotary core method.
SISTEMA DE FACHADA UNITIZADA
Authors: Batista Souza Wigler , Barros da Silva Christinni , Barros Candido Carlos , Moreira Ribeiro Gonçalves Jose Roberto
Published: July 2020

A fachada é o cartão de visita da obra, onde se atrai olhares sejam eles positivos ou nãodependendo do gosto de cada pessoa. As fachadas de vidro diversificaram os edifícios, trouxeram maior aparência estética com maior contato com o ambiente ao seu redor eproporcionando características sustentáveis às edificações, como por exemplo, a economia de energia com iluminação e aparelhos de refrigeração. Por estes motivos é degrande importância que se tenha o conhecimento sobre os tipos de revestimento maisutilizados nos dias atuais. O recurso a sistemas de fachadas pré-fabricadas no ramo daConstrução Civil tem-se demonstrado cada vez mais utilizado, tornando-se uma alternativa interessante e eficaz apresentando-se como uma solução de vanguarda no sentidode garantir ganhos ao nível da produtividade e qualidade. A produção e montagem defachadas exigem um rigoroso controle da qualidade dos seus materiais e processos. Todas as fases da cadeia de produção devem ser bem planejadas para uma boa execuçãoprincipalmente as atividades relacionadas à engenharia, como na concepção da obra,detalhamento de projetos, fabricação dos caixilhos e todas as etapas necessárias parasua instalação. O presente trabalho refere-se à descrição da execução de uma fachadaem pele de vidro, no sistema unitizado de uma obra localizada na cidade do Rio de Janeiro onde são abordadas as etapas do processo de instalação. A partir do estudo decaso foi possível realizar um levantamento sobre as principais técnicas construtivas nosistema de fachada unitizado.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DAS PARTES INTERESSADAS EM PROJETO DE IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DO SISTEMA CICLOVIÁRIO NO ENTORNO DAS ESTAÇÕES DO METRÔ DA CIDADE DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Rodrigues de Figueiredo Moreira Mariana , Luiz Fernandes José , Linhares Qualharini Eduardo , Sousa da Cunha Fernandes Andréa
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo aborda o uso da bicicleta como alternativa de transporte e uma análise conceitual a respeito da atual situação de mobilidade enfrentada pelas metrópolesbrasileiras. Neste trabalho também é tratado o poder de articulação e reordenação dabicicleta em malhas urbanas consolidados para o automóvel. Neste trabalho identifica--se as variáveis críticas por meio das análises SWOT, PESTEL e mapeamento de processose traça-se uma diretriz através do mapeamento das partes interessadas aplicado a umestudo de implementação do sistema cicloviário no entorno da linha metroviária da cidade do Rio de Janeiro de maneira a garantir uma integração com o modal.
Antipsychotic Behavioral Phenotypes in the Mouse Collaborative Cross Recombinant Inbred Inter-Crosses (RIX)
Authors: Giusti-Rodríguez Paola , Xenakis James G , Crowley James J , Nonneman Randal J , DeCristo Daniela M , Ryan Allison , Quackenbush Corey R , Miller Darla R , Shaw Ginger D , Zhabotynsky Vasyl , Sullivan Patrick F , Manuel de Villena Fernando Pardo , Zou Fei
Published: July 2020

Schizophrenia is an idiopathic disorder that affects approximately 1% of the human population, and presents with persistent delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized behaviors. Antipsychotics are the standard pharmacological treatment for schizophrenia, but are frequently discontinued by patients due to inefficacy and/or side effects. Chronic treatment with the typical antipsychotic haloperidol causes tardive dyskinesia (TD), which manifests as involuntary and often irreversible orofacial movements in around 30% of patients. Mice treated with haloperidol develop many of the features of TD, including jaw tremors, tongue protrusions, and vacuous chewing movements (VCMs). In this study, we used genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) recombinant inbred inter-cross (RIX) mice to elucidate the genetic basis of antipsychotic-induced adverse drug reactions (ADRs). We performed a battery of behavioral tests in 840 mice from 73 RIX lines (derived from 62 CC strains) treated with haloperidol or placebo in order to monitor the development of ADRs. We used linear mixed models to test for strain and treatment effects. We observed highly significant strain effects for almost all behavioral measurements investigated (P < 0.001). Further, we observed strong strain-by-treatment interactions for most phenotypes, particularly for changes in distance traveled, vertical activity, and extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). Estimates of overall heritability ranged from 0.21 (change in body weight) to 0.4 (VCMs and change in distance traveled) while the portion attributable to the interactions of treatment and strain ranged from 0.01 (for change in body weight) to 0.15 (for change in EPS). Interestingly, close to 30% of RIX mice exhibited VCMs, a sensitivity to haloperidol exposure, approximately similar to the rate of TD in humans chronically exposed to haloperidol. Understanding the genetic basis for the susceptibility to antipsychotic ADRs may be possible in mouse, and extrapolation to humans could lead to safer therapeutic approaches for schizophrenia.
Tamaño de semillas y germinación de Pernettya prostrata (Ericaceae): una especie de páramo andino
Authors: Romero-Saritama José Miguel , Cueva-Ojeda Daniela Nataly
Published: July 2020

Los páramos andinos son ecosistemas con alto grado de endemismo, pero fuertemente amenazados por cambios ambientales y factores antrópicos. Estudios realizados en los páramos ecuatorianos se han enfocado en conocer patrones de diversidad florística, dejando a un lado estudios sobre ecología y biología de semillas. El presente trabajo es una de las primeras experiencias que evalúa el tamaño de semillas y el comportamiento germinativo entre individuos de Pernettya prostrata en un páramo al sur del Ecuador. Se identificó que las semillas presentan entre 0,6 y 0,8 mm de longitud por 0,5 y 0,7 mm de ancho, con una tasa de germinación menor al 50 %. Identificar aspectos en la morfofisiología de semillas contribuye a mejorar el conocimiento sobre la ecofisiología de la vegetación de los páramos andinos.
Nuevos registros de la rana de invernadero Eleutherodactylus planirostris en Veracruz, México
Authors: García-Vinalay Arístides , Fuentes-Moreno Axel , Vázquez-Cruz Víctor , Aguilar-López José Luis
Published: July 2020

Eleutherodactylus planirostris es una especie nativa de Cuba, Bahamas e Islas Caimán en el Mar Caribe que ha sido introducida accidentalmente a distintas partes del mundo, incluido el continente americano. Esta especie ha sido registrada en distintas localidades de Veracruz en el Golfo de México. Las tres nuevas localidades para esta especie reportadas en este estudio sugieren que podría estar distribuida ampliamente en la región.
Salafi’s Criticism on the Celebration of the Birthday of Prophet Muhammad
Authors: As'ad Muhammad
Published: July 2020

This article explains the standing of the Salafis on the celebration of the Prophet Muhammad’s birthday (mawlid). It will also capture some opinions of the proponents of the mawlid against the understanding of the Salafis. The Salafis’ criticism of the mawlid has been mainly built on their theological perspective due to three reasons. The first is the requirement of authenticity, as they argue that the mawlid has no argument (dalīl) both in the Qur’ān and ḥadīth. The second is the prohibition of innovation (bid‘ah) due to the status of the mawlid as an act of innovation. The third is the reprehensibility of veneration and idolatry of the Prophet Muhammad. The proponents of the mawlid, on the other side, clearly reject these arguments. They admit that the mawlid is inauthentic. However, they argue that it falls under the category of good innovation (bid‘ah ḥasanah). Therefore, it is allowed to be practiced. In addition, the Salafis also condemned some practices within the mawlid, such as serving food, the act of standing up (qiyām), the recitation of mawlid books, and the use of musical instruments. For the proponents, however, these practices are allowed as they do not violate any Islamic teachings (sharī‘ah) and they also represent a sincere expression of joy and happiness for the birth of the messenger of Allah and the noblest person, i.e., the Prophet Muhammad.
The value of bedside teaching in undergraduate medical education: a literature review
Authors: Narayanan Viswanathan , Nair Balakrishnan R
Published: July 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background: Bedside teaching used to be an integral component of undergraduate medical education. In recent times, however, there has been a steady decline in the use of bedside teaching. This has occurred despite students, clinicians and patients viewing bedside teaching as valuable. Aims: This review aims to appraise the current literature surrounding the perspectives in bedside teaching and evaluate its role within modern medical education. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Ovid to identify appropriate studies. The journal articles were obtained by conducting sensitive and appropriate searches using keywords. All studies were examined comprehensively by the authors for suitability for inclusion. Results: 2,770 records were identified from the initial search. An additional 3 records were identified after discussion with experts in the field. 583 duplicates were identified in the pool of records initially sourced. Of the remaining 2,190 records, 1,930 were excluded after inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to their titles and abstracts. A further 252 records were excluded from the remaining 260 records after inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to their full-texts. The remaining eight articles were reviewed by both authors and were deemed suitable for inclusion to the review. Conclusion: The review showed that there is evidence in the literature to show that students, clinicians, and patients regard bedside teaching as beneficial. Discussions highlighted that bedside teaching can aid competency-based education models and cannot be replaced by simulation-based education. These results illustrate that, while there is evidence to show that bedside teaching holds value in medical education today, further studies should be conducted aiming to display long-term outcomes of bedside teaching.
Seria o YouTube uma fonte confiável de informação sobre clareamento dental no Brasil?
Authors: SILVA Matheus Corrêa Batista da , TREVIZAN Luan , MONTEIRO JUNIOR Sylvio
Published: July 2020

Resumo Introdução O clareamento dental é um procedimento amplamente realizado, levando a uma procura de informação pelos pacientes, sendo que uma dessas fontes são os vídeos do YouTube. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade das informações contidas nos vídeos do YouTube sobre clareamento dental no Brasil. Material e método Uma busca no YouTube foi realizada com a frase “clareamento dental”. Os primeiros 100 vídeos foram selecionados e visualizados na íntegra por dois examinadores, e parâmetros gerais foram registrados. Para avaliar a qualidade das informações, duas análises foram realizadas, avaliando a utilidade e a confiabilidade das informações. O teste de Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para avaliar e comparar a qualidade das informações. Resultado Dos 100 vídeos selecionados, 22 foram excluídos por não se adequarem aos critérios de seleção, restando 78 vídeos. Sobre a utilidade dos vídeos, 65,4% foram classificados como não úteis, 26,9% pouco úteis, 6,4% moderadamente úteis e apenas 1,3% muito útil. Sobre a confiabilidade dos vídeos, 94% não utilizaram fontes confiáveis de informação e 69% das informações não se apresentaram equilibradas e imparciais. Por outro lado, 60% dos vídeos exibiram informações claras e objetivas. Conclusão Atualmente, o YouTube não é uma fonte adequada de informações para pacientes sobre clareamento dental no Brasil. Sobre a qualidade dos vídeos, a maioria não se apresentou como satisfatória para os critérios de confiabilidade e utilidade. Os dentistas são a melhor fonte de conteúdo para clareamento dental. Entretanto os vídeos mais populares são de leigos e normalmente abordam receitas caseiras de clareamento dental.
ASSISTÊNCIA PSICOLÓGICA AO ALUNO DE MEDICINA: O INÍCIO DE UMA EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Millan Luiz Roberto , Barbedo Marina Fátima
Published: July 2020

Resumo: Os autores, responsáveis pelo atendimento dado pelo Grupo de Assistência Psicológica ao Aluno da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, apresentam observações oriundas da atividade inicial com os primeiros e quintanistas. Foram identificadas dificuldades de adaptação ao novo sistema de estudo, em relação ao corpo docente e discente, ao paciente e à instituição.
O ENSINO DA REPRODUÇÃO HUMANA, CONTROLE DA FERTILIDADE E DOS ASSUNTOS POPULACIONAIS NAS FACULDADES DE MEDICINA DOS ESTADOS DE SÃO PAULO E RIO OE JANEIRO
Authors: Canesqui Ana Maria
Published: July 2020

Resumo: O artigo analisa o ensino nas escolas médicas dos seguintes assuntos: reprodução humana, regulação da fertilidade e assuntos populacionais. Ênfase é dada no conteúdo do ensino, origens e alterações e departamentos envolvidos nos programas. Este trabalho é baseado numa pesquisa realizada em 1982 em 32 escolas médicas localizadas nos Estados de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. Efetua uma comparação com resultados de outra pesquisa sobre o mesmo tema reaizada em 1966.
SLAM POETRY COMO CONFRONTO NAS RUAS E NAS ESCOLAS
Authors: Silva Caio Ruano da , Losekann Cristiana
Published: July 2020

RESUMO O artigo apresenta a dimensão política do slam poetry como prática artística, que pode ser compreendida como manifestação social contestadora e que produz crítica institucional. Observa-se que essa prática tem sido progressivamente transposta para o espaço institucional escolar. O presente artigo foca na reflexão acerca desse processo em escolas do estado do Espírito Santo. Baseando-se no método de etnografia política, buscou-se, principalmente, compreender tanto o processo de transposição do slam para as escolas quanto o que ocorre com o seu potencial político nesse novo ambiente. Os resultados apontam que, mesmo com algumas descaracterizações, o slam mantém seu potencial político no ambiente escolar, na medida em que busca democratizá-lo.
JOVENS EM MOVIMENTO: MAPAS PLURAIS, CONEXÕES E TENDÊNCIAS NA CONFIGURAÇÃO DAS PRÁTICAS
Authors: Sposito Marilia Pontes , Almeida Elmir de , Corrochano Maria Carla
Published: July 2020

RESUMO Este artigo analisa tendências da pesquisa sobre jovens como atores coletivos, nas formas plurais de ação na esfera público-política. As modalidades de prática foram agregadas em três eixos: aquelas derivadas da condição estudantil; as que incidem sobre as culturas juvenis; e os movimentos de ação direta, ao lado dos associativismos de base territorial e de mobilizações a partir das identidades. Baseou-se em textos acadêmicos elaborados entre 2006 e 2018, período de intensa visibilidade de práticas e conflitos protagonizados por jovens no Brasil. Evidenciam-se formatos plurais, conexões e tend.ncias nas práticas coletivas juvenis, considerando tanto as alterações conjunturais quanto as diversas temporalidades dos processos de mobilização.
O OUTONO DA ONDA GLOBAL: LIMITES DO ATIVISMO CONTEMPORÂNEO NO ANOITECER DA DEMOCRACIA E DOS DIREITOS SOCIAIS
Authors: Tavares Francisco Mata Machado , Pfrimer Matheus Hoffmann
Published: July 2020

RESUMO O artigo propõe uma interpretação acerca da paradoxal emergência de governos não democráticos e neoliberais em países onde ocorreram, a partir de 2009, ciclos de confronto político associados a demandas por democratização e justiça econômica. Buscam-se, na subjetividade e na moralidade prevalecentes entre ativistas , elementos que influenciam, ainda que de modo não linear e em conjunto com uma miríade de outros fatores, o desfecho não raramente frustrante das mobilizações. Discute-se, em especial, com base na filosofia política de Jodi Dean, o modo como a subjetividade individual neoliberal e a moralidade da autocompaixão sugerem a presença, no interior das lutas sociais, de aspectos quintessenciais da realidade que se pretendeu transformar.
DOS ZAPATISTAS AOS INDIGNADOS: MUDANÇAS NA GEOPOLÍTICA DAS SOLIDARIEDADES TRANSNACIONAIS
Authors: Alcântara Lívia , Bringel Breno
Published: July 2020

RESUMO O artigo analisa as reconfigurações das solidariedades transnacionais contemporâneas, examinando o contexto ativista de Barcelona e suas relações com as lutas e os movimentos sociais mexicanos. Reconstrói-se o processo histórico que se iniciou em 1994 com o “ciclo da solidariedade zapatista” até a emergência, após a crise econômica de 2008, do que definimos como “ciclo da solidariedade indignada”. Ambos os ciclos são comparados a partir de uma análise sobre como operam as solidariedades transnacionais. Metodologicamente, recorreu-se a uma combinação entre o acompanhamento participante de ações e atores e 21 entrevistas realizadas na Catalunha. Os achados são discutidos a partir da análise de cinco variáveis: substrato da solidariedade; composição e estrutura das redes de solidariedade; repertórios de ação; formatos e estratégias comunicativas; e, finalmente, construção das escalas de articulação e conexão.
UM MÉTODO HERMENÊUTICO-GADAMERIANO DE ANÁLISE DE DADOS EM PESQUISA QUALITATIVA
Authors: Deluque Júnior Romano , Costa Márcio Luís
Published: July 2020

Objetiva-se aqui lançar luz ao método hermenêutico-fenomenológico de se operar em pesquisa qualitativa, e através desse, proceder à compreensão das falas e vivências das pessoas ouvidas no processo de pesquisa. Especificamente, as reflexões aqui desenvolvidas estarão relacionadas à Hermenêutica Filosófica de Hans-Georg Gadamer. Nesse sentido, a principal preocupação da análise hermenêutica repousa sobre fazer emergir, a partir do compartilhamento de uma fala sobre uma experiência humana, significados que possam ser explicados e, assim, ressoar aos ouvidos dos ouvintes e leitores. E nessa tarefa, há o intuito de revelar o que repousa ‘’sobre’', ‘’entre'' e por ‘’detrás’' daquelas palavras que foram ditas, de modo a tentar traduzir, ou ao menos se aproximar, da verdade de mundo, do contexto, e do fenômeno pelas lentes da pessoa entrevistada. A Hermenêutica pode ser utilizada, inclusive como ferramenta de análise de dados dentro da pesquisa qualitativa, então apresenta-se aqui a estratégia de análise ‘’elaboração de histórias’’. Tal método exige que o pesquisador trabalhe ‘’junto'' aos dados obtidos, e não ‘’com'' eles. Isso significa ‘’habitar'' o texto transcrito e confrontá- lo, até que dele se possa extrair uma descrição vívida, contextualizada, e reveladora sobre as nuances do fenômeno inquirido.
İlkokul Algısı Yazı Farkındalığı Becerilerine Göre Değişmekte Midir?
Authors: KAYNAK EKİCİ K. Büşra , İMİR Hatice Merve , TEMEL Fulya
Published: July 2020

Bu araştırma okul öncesi dönemdeki çocukların yazı farkındalıkları ile ilkokul algılarının incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çocukların yazı farkındalıklarına göre ilkokul algılarının değişiklik gösterip göstermediği sorusuna yanıt aranmıştır. Araştırma, karma yöntemlerden açımlayıcı sıralı karma desene göre tasarlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda öncelikle nicel veriler toplanıp analiz edilmiş, ardından nitel veriler toplanarak nicel veriler eşliğinde derinlemesine incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu yaşları 60-66 ay arasında değişen ve bağımsız bir anaokuluna devam eden 102 çocuk oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada çocukların yazı farkındalığı becerileri Erken Okuryazarlık Becerilerini Değerlendirme Aracı vasıtasıyla nicel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ardından, araştırma deseni ile uyumlu olacak şekilde yazı farkındalığı puanı okul ortalamasının bir standart sapma altında ve üzerinde olan 10’ar çocuk tesadüfi şekilde seçilerek, bu çocuklarla ilkokul algısına yönelik görüşme yapılmış ve resim çizmeleri istenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda çocukların, ilkokul öğretmenine yönelik düşünceleri dışında, ilkokula dair genel görüşlerinin ve beklentilerinin yazı farkındalık puanlarına göre değişiklik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.
Miyase Sertbarut’un Kitaplarının Okunabilirlik Düzeyleri
Authors: TEKŞAN Keziban , ÇİNPOLAT Enes
Published: July 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı Miyase Sertbarut’un kitaplarını okunabilirlik açısından değerlendirmektir. Araştırma tarama modeli ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırma materyallerini Miyase Sertbarut’un 10 kitabı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma grubunu ise Ordu ili merkezinde bulunan bir ortaokulda öğrenim gören 6, 7 ve 8. sınıf 57 ortaokul öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada okunabilirlik düzeyini belirlemek amacıyla Ateşman (1997) okunabilirlik formülü, Çetinkaya-Uzun (2010) okunabilirlik formülü ve çıkartmalı okunabilirlik uygulaması kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen verilerden hareketle incelenen metinlerin Ateşman okunabilirlik formülüne göre genellikle orta güçlük düzeyinde olduğu; Çetinkaya-Uzun okunabilirlik formülüne göre genellikle eğitsel okuma düzeyinde olduğu; çıkartmalı okunabilirlik uygulamasına göre zor düzeyde olduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına dayanarak ebeveynlerin ve öğretmenlerin çocuklara okuma kitabı önerirken bunların okunabilirlik durumlarını göze almaları önerilmektedir.
Türkçe Öğretmenlerinin Teknoloji Kullanımına ve Teknoloji Destekli Türkçe Öğretiminin Etkililiğine Dair Görüşleri
Authors: YÜREKTÜRK Fatma Nur , COŞKUN Hatice
Published: July 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkçe öğretmenlerinin derslerinde teknolojiyi kullanma durumlarını ve teknoloji destekli Türkçe öğretiminin etkililiğine dair görüşlerini belirlemektir. Nitel araştırma yöntemine göre tasarlanan bu çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Uzman görüşleri ve pilot uygulama sonrasında, görüşme formunda 16 soruya yer verilmiştir. Çalışma grubunu gönüllü olan 12 Türkçe öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların tamamı teknolojik altyapısı olan okullarda görev yapmaktadır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Analizin güvenirliği için kodlayıcı güvenirliğine bakılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda öğretmenlerin çoğunluğunun teknoloji kullanma konusunda kendilerini yetersiz gördüğü ve derslerinde teknolojiyi orta düzeyde kullandıkları görülmüştür. Öğretmenler programdaki teknoloji ile ilgili hedeflerden haberdar olduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Teknoloji, öğretmenler açısından öğretim sürecinde kolaylık sağlamaktadır. Teknoloji Türkçe öğretim sürecinde özellikle dinleme becerisi üzerinde daha çok etkili olmaktadır. Az sayıda öğretmen ise teknolojinin okuma ve konuşma becerisinin gelişiminde de etkili olduğunu belirtmiştir.
Türkçe Eğitiminde Geliştirilmesi Gereken Bir Üst Düzey Düşünme Becerisi: Analitik Düşünme
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Osman
Published: July 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, üst düzey düşünme becerilerinden biri olan analitik düşünmenin Türkçe eğitiminin temel dil becerileriyle ilişkisini ortaya koymak ve bu konuda teorik bir çerçeve oluşturmaktır. Türkçe öğretiminde üst düzey düşünme becerilerinin kazandırılmasında yaşanan problemler, alanyazındaki çalışmalar ve PISA sınavlarındaki üst düzey düşünebilen başarılı öğrenci oranının azlığı ile açıkça görülebilmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, derleme makale formatında hazırlanan bu çalışmada, nitel araştırma desenlerinden temel nitel araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Analiz birimi olarak yenilenmiş Bloom taksonomisinin analiz basamağının alt boyutları olan ayırt etme, organize etme ve ilişkilendirme / dayandırma boyutları kullanılmış ve buna göre temel dil becerileri ile analitik düşünme becerileri ilişkilendirilmiştir. Ardından bu üç başlığa yönelik etkinlik örnek olarak hazırlanan etkinlik ya da sorular yine aynı doğrultuda ele alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak analitik düşünme becerisinin eğitim yoluyla geliştirilebileceği, sentez ve değerlendirme gibi daha üst basamaklarındaki düşünme becerilerinin geliştirilmesi için ön hazırlığı teşkil ettiği ortaya koyularak bu konuda yapılabilecek yeni araştırmalar için öneriler sunulmuştur.