bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vulnerabilidade da família: desenvolvimento do conceito
Authors: Pettengill Myriam Aparecida Mandetta , Angelo Margareth
Published: February 2006

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver o conceito vulnerabilidade da família. Os dados foram coletados utilizando-se a estratégia da Análise Qualitativa de Conceito que consta de duas etapas: na primeira, a fase teórica, utilizou-se dados da literatura e, na segunda, a fase de campo, entrevista e observação de 12 famílias vivenciando uma experiência de doença e hospitalização de um filho. O referencial teórico foi o Interacionismo Simbólico, dando sustentação à Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, utilizada para guiar a coleta e análise dos dados na etapa de campo. Como resultado, construiu-se um modelo teórico cuja categoria central define a vulnerabilidade da família como SENTINDO-SE AMEAÇADA EM SUA AUTONOMIA, em razão das interações com a doença, família e equipe. A comparação das duas análises permitiu elaborar uma proposição teórica de vulnerabilidade da família e avançar em termos de conhecimento teórico para a área de enfermagem da família.
Programa saúde da família: a construção de um novo modelo de assistência
Authors: Rosa Walisete de Almeida Godinho , Labate Renata Curi
Published: February 2006

O Programa Saúde da Família (PSF) surge como uma nova estratégia de atenção à saúde e de reorientação do modelo de assistência. Partindo desses pressupostos, o presente artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre as potencialidades e contradições do PSF no processo de mudança do modelo assistencial. O estudo envolve metodologia descritivo-reflexiva, apresentando dois temas fundamentados na literatura: revisão histórica das políticas de saúde no Brasil e PSF e o processo de mudança do modelo assistencial. A análise possibilitou perceber o trabalho em equipe e com a família como um progresso do PSF, entretanto, se faz necessário ter um olhar mais amplo para a formação dos profissionais para trabalharem a nova proposta e, também, na implantação das equipes.
Multiculturalismo, pesquisa e formação de professores: o caso das Diretrizes Curriculares para a Formação Docente
Authors: Canen Ana , Xavier Giseli Pereli de Moura
Published: February 2006

O presente artigo discute possibilidades de articulação de uma perspectiva multicultural ao componente de pesquisa na formação docente, analisando implicações de tal articulação e discutindo a extensão em que está presente no discurso das Diretrizes Curriculares de Formação de Professores (BRASIL, 2000b). Em um primeiro momento, discute o multiculturalismo e a pesquisa, como componentes da formação de professores, levantando tensões e possibilidades em sua articulação; em seguida, relata o contexto em que emergem as recentes políticas educacionais e analisa ênfases e silêncios das diretrizes curriculares nacionais de formação de professores, com relação ao papel da pesquisa e do multiculturalismo em suas formulações. Conclui, indicando a necessidade de se concretizar estratégias multiculturais na formação docente que permitam superar binômios tais como o que separa pesquisa acadêmica de pesquisa prática nessa formação.
Da construção de capacidade avaliatória em iniciativas sociais: algumas reflexões
Authors: Brandão Daniel Braga , Silva Rogério Renato , Palos Cássia Maria Carraco
Published: February 2006

Este ensaio discute alternativas de apoio ao desenvolvimento da capacidade avaliatória em organizações da sociedade civil. Nele são debatidos elementos estratégicos para apoiar processos de aprendizagem nas organizações e para fortalecer conquista de autonomia no campo da avaliação. Aborda-se a construção da capacidade avaliatória como processo de construção de sujeitos, e não como um movimento de natureza predominantemente técnica. Com base nos princípios de aprendizagem, autonomia, respeito e participação são propostas cinco dimensões estratégicas para apoiar o desenvolvimento de capacidade avaliatória: 1) a consciência a respeito e a capacidade de lidar com as relações de poder presentes nas ações avaliatórias; 2) a busca de razões e motivação para avaliar as práticas; 3) a construção de um certo grau de identidade organizacional em torno da avaliação; 4) o desenvolvimento de competências no campo da facilitação e gestão de processos e da investigação da realidade, necessárias a realização de avaliações; 5) a captação e alocação de recursos para criar as condições de trabalho necessárias aos processos de avaliação.
A pesquisa-ação como instrumento de análise e avaliação da prática docente
Authors: Abdalla Maria de Fátima Barbosa
Published: February 2006

Este artigo pretende refletir sobre a pesquisa-ação como instrumento de análise e avaliação da prática docente. Para isso, investiga um grupo de professoras de Ed. Infantil e das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental no interior de um Programa de Educação Continuada/PEC-Formação Universitária. Nesta perspectiva, o texto aborda aspectos norteadores da metodologia de pesquisa-ação e avalia seus efeitos, analisando-os, sob a ótica das seguintes dimensões: a estrutura da escola, como contexto de trabalho; as práticas do professor frente à situação de ensino e pesquisa; e o habitus como maneiras de ser e de estar na profissão. Como conclusões, ainda que parciais, anuncia alguns princípios que permitem ressignificar a pesquisa-ação como estratégia de formação e de aprendizagem profissional capaz de tornar a prática docente mais crítica e coerente na busca de sua necessária transformação.
Parábolas, parabólicas: testagens genéticas preditivas, construções sociais de risco e a relação profissionais da saúde/meios de comunicação de massa
Authors: Castiel Luis David
Published: February 2006

São abordados no artigo aspectos conceituais subjacentes à construção da "nova saúde pública" e da epidemiologia, especialmente em sua vertente molecular e em relação à idéia de risco genético, diante das questões colocadas por novas tecnologias, globalização, proliferação de estratégias comunicacionais, diluição de matrizes de identidade. São considerados problemas ligados à criação de novos campos interdisciplinares, tais como os da epidemiologia e da genética moleculares. É feita uma análise das repercussões na comunicação social de conteúdos genéticos, especialmente os relativos a testagens preditivas e à clonagem de mamíferos.
Barbeiros- sangradores e curandeiros no Brasil (1808-28)
Authors: Pimenta Tânia Salgado
Published: February 2006

Esta análise sobre os terapeutas populares baseia-se na documentação da Fisicatura-mor (1808-28). A partir, principalmente, de processos sobre oficializações de atividades médicas, abre-se acesso a categorias como sangradores e curandeiros, cujas atividades seriam cada vez mais perseguidas ao longo do século XIX. Na hierarquia das práticas de cura seguidas pela instituição, as exercidas por tais terapeutas eram menos valorizadas e, através da análise quantitativa dos dados, mostrou-se possível identificá-las com posições sociais desfavorecidas. Foram igualmente analisadas informações sobre o seu trabalho e sua aceitação fornecidas por alguns terapeutas populares e por sua clientela.
Representação visual de estruturas biológicas em materiais de ensino
Authors: Morato Marina Azevedo , Struchiner Miriam , Bordoni Eduardo , Ricciardi Regina Maria Vieira
Published: February 2006

Este trabalho foi motivado pela necessidade de se definir parâmetros de apresentação e tratamento da informação científica em materiais de ensino. Através de consultas a bibliotecas e a especialistas em ciências da saúde e artes gráficas e visuais, fez-se uma pesquisa que resultou na descrição comparativa entre as primeiras manifestações da ilustração científica na anatomia e a trajetória da representação visual do conhecimento sobre a célula. O estudo traz ainda exemplos significativos de ilustrações utilizadas como elementos de análise.
Entre a "violência" e a "espontaneidade" reflexões sobre os processos de mobilização para ocupações de terra no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Macedo Marcelo Ernandez
Published: February 2006

No segundo semestre de 2000, acompanhei a etapa final de um processo de mobilização para uma ocupação de terras no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Esse processo, organizado pelo MST/RJ, envolveu a realização de reuniões preparatórias, as chamadas reuniões de frente de massa. Por meio da descrição e da análise de algumas dessas reuniões, examino neste artigo como foi o processo de mobilização. Focalizando o ponto de vista dos organizadores, apresento as estratégias adotadas e discuto seus limites, possibilidades e contradições. De um ponto de vista mais amplo, o texto insere-se na discussão sobre a constituição dos movimentos sociais no Brasil. Nesse sentido, aponto para os limites de dois tipos de abordagens: aquelas que reivindicam um caráter espontâneo para a formação dos movimentos sociais, e aquelas que percebem esses processos como novas formas de se reproduzirem antigos modelos da relação patrão-empregados.
Illusio: aquém e além de Bourdieu
Authors: Oliveira Pedro Paulo
Published: February 2006

O objetivo deste artigo é trabalhar a idéia de illusio tal como foi formulada por Bourdieu, enriquecendo-a com aportes teóricos da psicanálise e da reflexão desenvolvidos por autores distintos, como Clifford Geertz e Cornelius Castoriadis. A aproximação entre a reflexão sociológica cunhada como socioanálise, por Bourdieu, e a psicanálise pode ser efetuada no momento em que o conceito de illusio sugere uma aproximação efetiva com o conceito de sublimação, como buscam esclarecer os argumentos aduzidos no trabalho.
Liposomal daunorubicin and dexamethasone as a treatment for multiple myeloma: the DD Protocol
Authors: Dulley Frederico Luiz , Saboya Rosaura , Hungria Vânia Tietsche de Moraes , Bueno Nadjanara Dorna , Mello Fernando Gomes de , Frota Maria Tereza , Chiattone Carlos Sergio , Barros José Carlos , Mori Nair Sumie , Sturaro Daniel , Macedo Maria Cristina Martins de Almeida , Silva Roberto Luiz da , Melo Leila Maria Magalhães Pessoa de , Souza Cármino Antonio
Published: February 2006

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Liposomal daunorubicin has been used to treat hematological malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM). The goal was to evaluate efficacy, side-effects and toxicity of liposomal daunorubicin and dexamethasone ("DD Protocol"). DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study at Sírio-Libanês, São Camilo, Brasil and Alemão Oswaldo Cruz hospitals. METHODS: Twenty consecutive patients with active MM received four cycles of liposomal daunorubicin intravenously for two hours (25-30 mg/m²/day) on three consecutive days per month, with oral dexamethasone (10 mg every six hours) on four consecutive days three times a month. RESULTS: The male/female ratio was 1:1 and median age 60. Nine patients were stage IIA, ten IIIA and one IIIB. The median from diagnosis to starting DD was 13 months. All patients received four cycles, except one. Fifteen had already received chemotherapy before DD. Responses of > 50% reduction in serum monoclonal paraprotein were observed in six patients after first cycle (30%), six after second (30%) and four after third (20%), while four (20%) did not obtain this. Initially, 17 patients (85%) had anemia: 12 (70%) achieved correction. Progressive disease was observed in three patients (15%), while one had minimal response, four (20%) partial and 12 (60%) complete. Hematological toxicity was acceptable: three patients (15%) had neutrophils < 1,000/mm³; none had thrombocytopenia. Gastrointestinal toxicity was mild: nausea (10%), anorexia (15%) and no vomiting. CONCLUSIONS: This treatment has mild toxicity and good response rate. It may therefore be feasible before autologous bone marrow transplantation.
High prevalence of malnutrition among patients with solid non-hematological tumors as found by using skinfold and circumference measurements
Authors: Garófolo Adriana , Lopez Fábio Ancona , Petrilli Antonio Sérgio
Published: February 2006

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Malnutrition in cancer patients has many causes. Nutritional status is usually assessed from weight/height indices. These present limitations for the nutritional assessment of cancer patients: their weights include tumor mass, and lean mass changes are not reflected in weight/height indices. The objective was to evaluate differences between two anthropometric methods and compare deficits, in non-hematological tumor patients and hematological disease patients. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at Instituto de Oncologia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. METHODS: Children and adolescents were evaluated between March 1998 and January 2000. Traditional anthropometric measurements were obtained in the first month of treatment (induction therapy), by weight-for-height (W/H) using z-scores index for children and body mass index (BMI) for adolescents. Body composition evaluations consisted of specific anthropometric measurements: triceps skinfold thickness (TSFT), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and arm muscle circumference (AMC). Data were analyzed to compare nutritional assessment methods for diagnosing malnutrition prevalence. The chi-squared test was used for comparative analyses between tumor patients and hematological disease patients. RESULTS: Analysis was done on 127 patients with complete data. Higher percentages of deficits were found among tumor patients, by W/H z-scores or BMI and by MUAC and AMC. Higher percentages of deficits were shown by TSFT (40.2%) and MUAC (35.4%) than by W/H z-scores or BMI (18.9%). CONCLUSION: Non-hematological tumor patients presented higher malnutrition prevalence than did hematological disease patients. Body composition measurements by TSFT and MUAC detected more patients with malnutrition than did W/H or BMI.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) immunoassaying versus microscopy: advantages and drawbacks for diagnosing giardiasis
Authors: Vidal Alaíde Mader Braga , Catapani Wilson Roberto
Published: February 2006

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Giardiasis is common in Brazil. For laboratory diagnosis, the method most utilized is microscopic examination of fecal samples, but the immunoenzymatic method is also available. The aim of this work was to verify the advantages and drawbacks of immunoassaying versus microscopy for diagnosing Giardia lamblia, when a single fecal sample is analyzed. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective, double-blind study at the parasitology laboratory of Faculdade de Medicina da Fundação ABC. METHODS: Samples were prepared according to the traditional sedimentation (Hoffman, Pons and Janer) and Faust methods. Results were deemed positive when Giardia lamblia was found by one or both methods. The Prospect ELISA kit was used for detecting Giardia lamblia-specific antigen, in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Results were expressed on a visual scale as negative or positive (+, ++, +++ or ++++). RESULTS: The ELISA test was positive even when a significant proportion of corresponding samples examined by microscopy were negative. This trend was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The overall concordance of results between the ELISA test and microscopic examination of single samples was only moderate (0.50 by kappa test). CONCLUSION: The ELISA test is useful when just searching for Giardia lamblia, because of its high sensitivity. For daily practice, we recommend microscopy, which is much cheaper and can also detect other parasites. The low positivity of single samples in this method can be overcome by using three samples, as recommended by most authors.
Pregnancy-associated venous thromboembolism in combined heterozygous factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations
Authors: Couto Egle , Nomura Marcelo Luís , Barini Ricardo , Silva João Luiz Pinto e
Published: February 2006

CONTEXT: Pregnancy and puerperium raise the risk of thromboembolic events, and these risks are increased in women who are carriers of thrombophilia factors. Prothrombin (FII) G20210A and factor V Leiden heterozygous mutations are associated with moderate risk of thrombosis. The association of these thrombophilic conditions is very rare in pregnancy, and the real risk of thrombosis is unknown. CASE REPORT: We describe a case of a pregnant woman who was found to be carrier of heterozygous factor V Leiden and prothrombin (FII) G20210A mutations. Five years before pregnancy she had had an episode of extensive deep venous thrombosis in the ileofemoral region, while using hormonal contraceptives. Anticardiolipin antibody (ACA), lupus anticoagulant and deficiencies of protein C, protein S and antithrombin III were evaluated by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), dilute Russell Viper Venom time (dRVVT), coagulometric and chromogenic methods. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to study the factor V Leiden and G20210A mutations in the prothrombin gene and C677T mutation in the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. In the sixth week of her first pregnancy, she developed another episode of deep venous thrombosis in the femoropopliteal veins of the right leg. She was treated with low-molecular weight heparin (nadroparin) until parturition (0.3 ml or 2,850 UI/day). The pregnancy evolved without any significant obstetric morbidity. The patient delivered a healthy baby by cesarean section. During the puerperium, she used prophylactic doses of nadroparin for (0.3 ml or 2,850 UI/day) six weeks and had no complications. We suggest that women who have an association of thrombophilia factors and a prior episode of venous thromboembolism must have antepartum anticoagulation management using unfractioned or low-molecular weight heparin and postpartum management using low-molecular weight heparin or oral anticoagulants. Anticoagulation is recommended during pregnancy because the real magnitude of the risk of major and life-threatening thromboembolic events in these women is unknown.
A familial case of cleidocranial dysostosis presenting upper limb ischemia
Authors: Campos Júnior Walter , Cardoso Roberta Murasaki , Fidelis Ronald , Silva Erasmo Simão da , Ramos Rodrigo
Published: February 2006

CONTEXT: Upper limb ischemia is not as common as lower limb ischemia but may cause severe impairment or disability if it is misdiagnosed. CASE REPORT: A case of a woman with cleidocranial dysostosis resulting in upper right limb ischemia is presented. This uncommon condition is an exceedingly rare cause of vascular compression that gives rise to thrombosis of the axillary-subclavian arteries. Only two cases have previously been reported.
Preliminary results from minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy
Authors: Dedivitis Rogério Aparecido , Guimarães André Vicente
Published: February 2006

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Minimally invasive video-assisted gasless thyroidectomy (MIVAT) has mainly been described in Italy and has been demonstrated to be a safe procedure with additional advantages regarding cosmetic results and postoperative outcome. The aim of this work is to analyze our preliminary results from minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study at the Head and Neck Surgery Service of Hospital Ana Costa, Santos. METHODS: Twelve patients underwent hemithyroidectomy and another three underwent total thyroidectomy by means of minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy between June and September 2004. Gender, age, goiter volume, major diameter of the dominant nodule, duration of surgery, pain complaints during the first postoperative day, length of hospital stay, cosmetic result and complications were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: All the patients were women, with median age of 34. The median goiter volume was 16.5 ml, and the median major diameter of the nodule was 2.3 cm. Ten patients reported mild pain at the surgical site. The median scar size was 2.0 cm and all patients considered the cosmetic results excellent. The median duration of surgery was 55 minutes, all patients were discharged on the first postoperative day, and there were no complications. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome from minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy is good in terms of cosmetic results, analgesia and postoperative recovery. The scar is shorter than in the conventional procedure.
Effect of probiotic and prebiotic inclusion in weaned piglet diets on structure and ultra-structure of small intestine
Authors: Budiño Fábio Enrique Lemos , Thomaz Maria Cristina , Kronka Rodolfo Nascimento , Nakaghi Laura Satiko Okada , Tucci Fernanda Marcussi , Fraga Alessandro Luís , Scandolera Antônio João , Huaynate Rizal Alcides Robles
Published: February 2006

Forty-four piglets weaned were distributed in a complete randomized blocks in factorial scheme. Experimental diets were: T1 = Basal Diet (BD); T2 = BD + Antibiotic; T3 = BD + Probiotic; T4 = BD + Prebiotic; T5 = BD + Symbiotic (T3+T4). As control, four piglets were slaughtered at weaning. Seven and 14 days after weaning, four animals per treatment were slaughtered. Small intestine segments were sampled from each animal for electron and light microscopy evaluation. The evaluated micro-ingredients affected intestinal histology. It was observed higher villous density in duodenum of piglets fed diet with prebiotic in relation to those fed diets with probiotic. In jejunum of piglets fed diets with prebiotic was found higher villous density, but this difference was not significant. In relation to BD, symbiotic increased duodenal micro-villous height at the 14th day after weaning. Piglets supplemented with probiotic had better recovering of micro-villous density in relation to those fed with other diets.
Flight range extension in Polistes simillimus Zikán, 1951 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)
Authors: Prezoto Fábio , Gobbi Nivar
Published: February 2006

The aim of this study was to determine the flight range extension of the social wasps, Polistes simillimus. The results of the 125 wasps-carried out tests originating from 10 colonies in post-emergency stage demonstrated that the flight range extension of P. simillimus was of approximately 150m, resulting in a collection area of about 70.650m² by colony. It suggested wasp's efficiency as a biological control agent.
Gas exchange and plant growth after defoliation on Leandra lacunosa, a cerrado woody species with continuous leaf production
Authors: Damascos Maria Angélica , Ronquim Carlos Cesar , Prado Carlos Henrique Britto Assis
Published: February 2006

Morphological and physiological leaf traits were studied on control and defoliated potted Leandra lacunosa young plants. After defoliation, remaining bottom leaves showed no significant change in net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance values with time, but the leaf transpiration rate was higher. The production of the new leaves was greater after defoliation in top defoliated plants. Bottom defoliated plants increased stem extension rates and net photosynthesis transitorily. Two months after defoliation, control and defoliated plants did not differ in stem length and root dry mass values. In spite of smaller area and photosynthetic capacity, remaining bottom leaves were able to compensate top leaves elimination. The effectiveness of this compensatory response, however, depended on the ability of new leaves to escape from herbivores.
Mayfly diversity in the brazilian tropical headwaters of Serra do Cipó
Authors: Goulart Michael , Callisto Marcos
Published: February 2006

The objectives of this study were to evaluate spatial and seasonal distribution, assemblage structure and substrate associations of mayfly nymphs in five lotic ecosystems in the headwaters of the Doce River and São Francisco River watersheds, Brazil. Samples were taken in 24 sampling stations during rainy and dry seasons in 1998. In total, 7,066 organisms were collected, belonging to 27 genera and 6 families of Ephemeroptera. The dominant taxa were Americabaetis, Paracloeodes, Leptohyphes and Hagenulus. During the rainy period, the São Francisco River watershed showed higher taxonomic richness, diversity and evenness, while in the dry period, the taxonomic richness was higher in Doce River watershed. No significant differences were found in the taxonomic richness, diversity, evenness and density of mayfly assemblages between the two studied sampling periods. The results suggested that the diversity of the mayfly assemblages in tropical headwaters of Serra do Cipó would be probably due to ecosystem and watershed characteristics.
Feeding and trophic ecomorphology of Satanoperca pappaterra (Pisces, Cichlidae) in the Manso Reservoir, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
Authors: Hahn Norma Segatti , Cunha Fabiane
Published: February 2006

The aim of this work was to evaluate the relationship between diet and features of the trophic ecomorphology of Satanoperca pappaterra (Heckel, 1840) in an impacted environment. Samples were collected from March 2000 to February 2003 in Manso Reservoir, Cuiabá River, Mato Grosso State. Analysis of 93 stomachs contents showed that food resources associated with the substrate, such as plant remains, detritus, fish scales and Chironomidae larvae, dominated the diet. Consequently this species was characterized as a detritivorous-invertivorous. However, individuals collected in 2003 showed a greater selection of benthic organisms in relation to previous periods. Morphological structures such as position of the mouth, form of the lips, gill rakers and pharyngeal teeth, in addition to the length of the intestine, showed specializations correlated with the diet. However, as long as the food was associated with the substrate, it seemed to be selected according to its abundance in the environment.
Effect of coastline properties and wastewater on plankton composition and distribution in a stressed environment on the north coast of Olinda-PE (Brazil)
Authors: Pereira Luci Cajueiro Carneiro , Jiménez José Antonio , Koening Maria Luise , Porto Neto Fernando F. , Medeiros Carmen , Costa Rauquírio Marinho da
Published: February 2006

A study of the structure of the plankton community along the coastal zone of the Casa Caiada-Rio Doce area (Pernambuco, Brazil) is presented. The results obtained indicated that in the protected zones the water presented high turbidity, high temperature, low salinity and high nutrient and oxygen rates. All of these conditions were responsible for the reduction in plankton diversity and an increase in the biomass of the most opportunistic (r-strategist) species e.g. Gyrosigma balticum and Bacillaria paxillifera (Phytoplankton) and Euterpina acutifrons (Zooplankton). The differences found with respect to others area studies performed in pristine conditions indicated that plankton structure could be used as an environmental health indicator and that, in this specific area, it was indicative of a poor quality coastal environment.
Interexaminer agreement in caries radiographic diagnosis by conventional and digital radiographs
Authors: Rocha Anna Sílvia Penteado Setti da , Almeida Solange Maria de , Bóscolo Frab Norberto , Haiter Neto Francisco
Published: February 2006

The purpose of this research was to compare two digital storage phosphor systems and conventional film, as well as verify the interexaminer agreement in radiographic diagnosis on occlusal and proximal cavities. Two digital systems and conventional radiographic film were used to evaluate 144 tooth surfaces with and without cavities; the radiographs were analyzed and scored in a scale of 4 points. Thirteen undergraduates and an oral radiologist participated as examiners. A light microscopy analysis was accomplished in order to validate the research. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the radiographic systems, however all of them had significant differences when compared to light microscopy, except for the Digora system on the proximal surface when the radiologist was the examiner. In the interexaminer evaluation, a moderate agreement level was obtained, and a fair to moderate level was obtained between the students and the oral radiologist. Regarding the validation (sensitivity, specificity, positive predict and negative predict) the values were similar between students and the oral radiologist, except for the sensitivity value on the occlusal surface. The students had the highest number of false-positive results and the oral radiologist the highest number of false-negative results.
Bacteriemia during endodontic treatment in relation to the technique of biomechanical preparation: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Dourado Adriane Tenório , Caldas Junior Arnaldo de França , Alves Diógenes Ferreira , Falcão Creso Abreu
Published: February 2006

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the frequency of bacteriemia during endodontic treatment, with comparison between two techniques for biomechanical preparation of the root canal system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample comprised 50 patients aged 16 to 52 years, of both genders, which were divided into 2 groups with 25 patients each. Group I underwent biomechanical preparation by the step-back technique, and Group II was treated by the rotary technique with nickel-titanium instruments (K3). Patients were submitted to antisepsis of the oral cavity with chlorhexidine digluconate and three samples of blood were collected for blood culture: preoperatively, immediately after the biomechanical preparation and 10 minutes later. The significance level adopted was 5.0%, and analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics by means of the Fisher's exact test, Fisher-Freeman-Halton test and Student's t test. Data were analyzed on the Statexact and SPSS softwares. RESULTS: All blood cultures achieved before and immediately after preparation were negative. On the other hand, with regard to the blood cultures collected 10 minutes after preparation, one (4%) positive case was found for Group I. However, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.50). CONCLUSION: The frequency of bacteriemia was low and observed just for Group I.
Antibacterial effect of root canal preparation and calcium hydroxide paste (Calen) intracanal dressing in primary teeth with apical periodontitis
Authors: Faria Gisele , Nelson-Filho Paulo , Freitas Aldevina Campos de , Assed Sada , Ito Izabel Yoko
Published: February 2006

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial action of root canal mechanical preparation using 2.5% sodium hypochlorite as the irrigating solution and a calcium hydroxide paste as the antibacterial intracanal dressing in human primary teeth root canals with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis by means of microbial culture. A total of 26 root canals of human primary teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis were used. Samples were collected before, 72h after biomechanical treatment and 72h after removal of the intracanal dressing. Comparison by Wilcoxon test showed that root canal mechanical preparation effectively eliminated all microorganisms in 20% of the root canals, and the intracanal dressing in 62.5%; however, the cumulative action of biomechanical treatment and intracanal dressing eliminated the microorganisms of 70% of the root canals (p<0.001). Isolated root canal mechanical preparation presented poorer microbiological results that those obtained with root canal mechanical preparation and the use of an intracanal dressing indicating the necessity of topical application of an intracanal medication between sessions in primary teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis.
Efficacy of an oral health promotion program for infants in the public sector
Authors: Fracasso Marina de Lourdes Calvo , Rios Daniela , Provenzano Maria Gisette Arias , Goya Suzana
Published: February 2006

This study compared the caries index (dmft), presence of sucking habits and facial alterations in children attended by the preventive program for infants and children assisted by spontaneous demand, at the same age, at the public sector of Maringá, PR. A total of 100 children were evaluated (1-6 years), who were divided into 2 groups: GI - children attended by the infant program with educational and preventive care and bimonthly follow-up, since the 1st year of age; GII - children assisted for conventional treatment (preventive and restorative) according to the needs, and follow-up as requested by the parents. Data collection was performed by interview with the parents and clinical examination for evaluation of the dmft and facial alterations. Analysis of data (Mann-Whitney test for dmft comparison and chi-square test for all other comparisons) demonstrated a significant difference (p<0.05) in relation to the dmft index (GI: 0.2; GII: 3.0), percentage of caries-free children (GI: 88%; GII: 57%) and non-nutritive sucking habits (GI: 47%; GII: 75%). The breastfeeding and bottle utilization practices were similar for both groups. Facial alterations were more frequently observed (p<0.05) in GII (48%) than GI (8.4%), especially for the variables (p<0.05) high arched palate (GI: 10.2%; GII: 35.4%), anterior open bite (GI: 14.2%; GII: 35.4%) and mouth breathing (GI: 6.1%; GII: 29.1%). It was concluded that the infant program is more effective than the spontaneous demand program, reaching the goal of oral health maintenance in the child population.
Effects of aging methods on microleakage of an adhesive system used as a sealant on contaminated surfaces
Authors: Bauer José Roberto de Oliveira , Reis Alessandra , Loguercio Alessandro Dourado , Barroso Lucia Pereira , Grande Rosa Helena Miranda
Published: February 2006

This study evaluated the effects of aging methods on the microleakage of an adhesive system used for sealing pit and fissure surfaces. After acid etching, the occlusal surfaces of 60 permanent teeth were contaminated with 1mL of human plasma and then sealed with OptiBond dual cure, activated in the ramp mode (Optilux 501). The sample was then divided into eight experimental and a control groups. Aging was performed for 20 days in 5, 37, 55 and 5-55ºC (200 cycles/day) under water contact or not. After subjecting the specimens to the AgNO3 technique, they were sectioned twice. Dye penetration was measured and the mean values were subjected to ANOVA. No group provided hermetic seal against dye penetration, even the control group (without treatment). Significant aging x water interaction effect (p=0.033) was observed. The group without water contact at 5ºC (p=0.015) showed the least dye penetration value. The results led to the main conclusions: 1) all groups showed dye penetration, even the control group; 2) storage teeth at 5ºC on dry condition provided the lowest degree of dye penetration; 3) in the presence of water, the temperature variations seem not to affect the microleakage values.
Direct genotoxicity and mutagenicity of endodontic substances and materials as evaluated by two prokaryotic test systems
Authors: Gahyva Sérgio Márcio Motta , Siqueira Junior José Freitas
Published: February 2006

Substances and materials used in endodontic therapy come into close contact with the periradicular tissues via apical foramen and foramina. Consequently, they should possess biocompatibility. There are currently few studies describing the genotoxic and mutagenic potentials of substances and materials used in endodontics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the direct genotoxic and mutagenic properties of several substances and materials used in different phases of the endodontic treatment. For this intent, two prokaryotic test systems were used: the SOS chromotest and the Ames test. No metabolization with S9 was investigated, since only the direct effects of the substances and materials were surveyed. Most of the substances and materials tested presented mild to moderate cytotoxicity and genotoxicity as revealed by the SOS chromotest. Formocresol was the only tested substance to present severe genotoxicity to the tester bacterial strains. However, no substance or material tested showed direct mutagenicity as revealed by the Ames test.
Comparsion of the efficacy of chemomechanical and mechanical methods of caries removal in the reduction of streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus spp in carious dentine of primary teeth
Authors: Lima Gisele Quariguasi Tobias , Oliveira Eurípedes Gomes , Souza João Inácio Lima de , Monteiro Neto Valério
Published: February 2006

The methods of caries removal have been the subject of many studies over the last years. At present, methods involving the least tissue invasion have been outstanding in the field of surgical-restorative treatment. In this context, the Carisolv™ system has appeared as a less traumatic and less invasive approach, particularly in pedodontics. Thus, the objective of the present study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the dentinal structure of primary molars before and after the removal of carious tissue by mechanical (low speed drills and conventional dentinal curettes) and chemomechanical (Carisolv™ kit) procedures based on quantitative culture for cariogenic bacteria to determine the number of bacteria present in the carious dentine after both treatments. Sixty primary molars from children ranging in age from 4 to 8 years, with active occlusal caries in dentine, were divided into two groups (A and B) of 30 teeth each, with group A having been treated by the chemomechanical technique and group B by the mechanical technique. Dentin samples were placed in glass vials containing 1 mL thioglycolate broth and submitted to culture to determine the number of S. mutans and Lactobacillus per mg of decayed dentine. The results did not reveal significant differences between the two methods of caries removal; however, the chemomechanical method was more efficient in completely eliminating S. mutans (p=0.02). In summary, the present results confirm previous studies showing that the two methods are comparable in reducing Lactobacillus, but Carisolv™ is more effective in the elimination of S. mutans.
Association between the speaking space of /s/ sound and incisal overlaps in dentate and edentate subjects
Authors: Souza Raphael Freitas de , Compagnoni Marco Antonio , Leles Cláudio Rodrigues , Sadalla Karina Buainain de Freitas
Published: February 2006

The purpose of this study is to determine the association of speaking space of /s/ sound with vertical and horizontal overlaps for two subject groups. Group I comprised 61 subjects with complete permanent dentition and Group II comprised 33 complete denture wearers. They had their mandibular movement determined by using an electromagnetic method. Speaking space of /s/ was obtained from each subject as they were instructed to say the word 'seis' three times. The mean interocclusal distance during /s/ production was considered the speaking space of /s/. Vertical and horizontal incisor overlaps were also measured. The mean value of speaking space of /s/ was 2.22 mm (± 1.38) for Group I and 2.61 mm (± 1.53) for Group II. In Group I, significant correlations were found between the speaking space of /s/ and vertical overlap (r=0.36, P<0.01), and between speaking space of /s/ and horizontal overlap (r=0.45, P<0.01). In Group II, no significant correlation was found between speaking space of /s/ and the overlaps. It was concluded that incisor overlap had a direct influence on the measure of speaking space of /s/ for dentate subjects, but this association was not present for complete denture wearers.
Glucocorticoids Promote Chondrogenic Differentiation of Adult Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Enhancing Expression of Cartilage Extracellular Matrix Genes
Authors: Derfoul Assia , Perkins Geraldine L. , Hall David J. , Tuan Rocky S.
Published: February 2006

In the adult human, mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) resident in the bone marrow retain the capacity to proliferate and differentiate along multiple connective tissue lineages, including cartilage. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are required for chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs in vitro; however, the exact role of GCs in this process is not known. In this study, we examined the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) on chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs in the presence or absence of DEX, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), or DEX plus TGF-β. GC treatment upregulated gene expression of cartilage matrix components aggrecan, dermatopontin, and collagen type XI; enhanced TGF-β-mediated upregulation of collagen type II and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein; and increased aggrecan and collagen type II production as well as cartilage matrix-sulfated proteoglycans as assessed by immunohistochemistry and alcian blue staining. Inclusion of an antagonist of GCs inhibited expression of chondrogenic differentiation markers, suggesting that the GC effects during chondrogenesis are mediated by the GC receptor (GR). Steady levels of the major active form of GR, GRα, were detected in both undifferentiated and differentiating hMSCs, whereas the dominant-negative isoform GRβ, present at low levels in undifferentiated hMSCs, was downregulated during chondrogenesis. In the presence of DEX and TGF-β, expression of a collagen type II gene promoter luciferase reporter construct in hMSCs was upregulated. However, coexpression of GRβ dramatically inhibited promoter activity, suggesting that GRα is required for GC-mediated modulation of chondrogenesis and that GCs may play an important role in the maintenance of cartilage homeostasis.
The biotic ligand model for plants and metals: Technical challenges for field application
Authors: Antunes Paula M. C. , Berkelaar Edward J. , Boyle David , Hale Beverley A. , Hendershot William , Voigt Astrid
Published: February 2006

To improve predictions of phytoavailable metal, the mechanistic bases of bioaccumulation and toxicity of metals to plants can be integrated into a biotic ligand model (BLM). There are a number of significant challenges to the application of the BLM to plants in soils, including reliable measurements of free ion concentrations for the metals of interest in rhizospheric soil solution, as well as other free ions, and concentrations of ligands to which the ions could bind; identification of the simplest model that can adequately predict root accumulation, and the potential for more complex models to add accuracy to the predictions; incorporating the dissociation of labile metal complexes (i.e., nonequilibrium processes) into a BLM, which is an equilibrium model; application of factors in a BLM that adequately describe translocation, in order to estimate metal concentration and speciation in plant shoots. The review concluded that the ability to estimate trace metal speciation in samples of soil solution are not likely to be better than within one order of magnitude of actual, thus this would be an additional source of uncertainty to the predictions of toxicity. Further, regulatory use of the BLM would require mechanistic bases; and, until root ligands associated with toxicity are well characterized, incorporating the ameliorative effects of competitive cations cannot be mechanistically based. As well, a functional BLM for soils with lower metal free ion activities will have to include kinetic data for metal-ligand complexes, as their association/disassociation may constitute a greater metal supply to roots than what would be predicted by the free ion concentration in soil solution. To apply the BLM to trophic transfer, where metal concentration in plant shoots is the main focus, a probabilistic approach using experimentally determined root-shoot partitioning of metals might permit estimates of shoot accumulation from root data, to within one or two orders of magnitude.
Labile zinc concentration and free copper ion activity in the rhizosphere of forest soils
Authors: Courchesne Françoi , Kruyts Nathalie , Legrand Pascale
Published: February 2006

Water-soluble and acid-extractable Cu and Zn, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), pH, differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry-labile Zn (ZnL), Zn2+ activity (Windemere humic aqueous model [WHAM]; http://chess.ensmp.fr/chemsites.html), and Cu2+ activity with an ion-selective electrode were compared between the rhizosphere and the bulk components of nine acidic forest sites from southeastern Canada. At all sites, the WSOC contents were higher in the rhizosphere than in the bulk component. Acidity was also higher in the rhizosphere, although pH differences were significant at only five sites. The concentrations of Zn in water extracts and ZnL contents (at six sites) were higher in the rhizosphere, whereas acid-extractable Zn was only marginally increased in the rhizosphere. Calculations with WHAM indicated that free Zn2+ ion activities were higher in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil but that the fraction of total dissolved Zn in water extracts that is present as free Zn2+ did not differ significantly between the two components. The concentration of Cu in the water extract was higher in the rhizosphere for all sites, but acid-extractable Cu levels did not differ. The fraction of water-soluble Cu present as Cu2+ was higher in the bulk soil, although Cu2+ activities did not significantly vary with proximity to roots. These results showed that the processes acting in the rhizosphere of forest soils strongly affected the concentrations of dissolved Zn and Cu and that this microenvironment should be considered when estimating the bioavailability and the ecological risks of metals in soils.
Effect of soil properties on copper release in soil solutions at low moisture content
Authors: Ponizovsky Alexander A. , Thakali Sagar , Allen Herbert E. , Di Toro Dominic M. , Ackerman Amanda J.
Published: February 2006

Copper partitioning at moisture content of 1.2-fold the field moisture capacity (corresponding to a soil water potential of 7.84 J/kg; pF = 1.9) was studied in 11 soils with pH 3.4 to 6.8 and an organic matter content of 4.1 to 233 g C/kg. Soil solutions were separated with the centrifuge method and analyzed to determine pH, Cu2+ activity, dissolved organic carbon, and Cu, Ca, Mg, and Na concentrations. Soil organic matter content, total Cu content, and soil pH were the main variables explaining variation in Cu activity in soil solutions. Based on total Cu, soil organic matter content, and soil solution pH, the Windermere Humic Aqueous Model (WHAM) VI assemblage model provided estimates of Cu2+ activity, {Cu2+}, with a root mean square error of the predicted pCu (i.e., —log{Cu2+}) of 0.77.
Kinetics of zinc and cadmium release in freshly contaminated soils
Authors: Zhang Hao , Davison William , Tye Andy M. , Crout Neil M. J. , Young Scott D.
Published: February 2006

The kinetics of metal release from the solid phase to solution was measured on two sets of 14 freshly contaminated soils with diverse properties. From measurements of metal concentrations in extracted soil pore water, the amount accumulated from the soil by diffusive gradients in thin-film (DGT) devices, and the distribution coefficient for labile metal, Kdl, estimated by isotopic exchange, we calculated the response time, Tc, of the soil-solution system to the removal of metal by DGT and the rate constant for release from the solid phase, k−1. Resupply was so fast for Zn that Tc (and k−1) could be measured only in three of the soils, with either a silty or a sandy loam texture and low to intermediate pH (4.84–5.66). In only six clay soils was resupply of Cd too fast to measure. The generally slower release rates of Cd compared to Zn may reflect the 100-fold lower concentration of Cd, which allowed a greater proportion of it to occupy stronger binding sites with slower release rates. The rate constants derived indicate that supply from the solid phase to solution will not limit uptake of Cd or Zn by plants in clay soils, but it could be a factor in sandy or silty soils with a low pH. These findings suggest that risk assessment of clay soils could be undertaken using measurements of metals in soil solution. However, devices such as DGT, which respond to the kinetics of supply, are necessary to assess available metal in low pH, sandy, and silty soils.