bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in liver cells induced by cobalt nanoparticles and ions
Authors: Liu Y. K. , Deng X. X. , Yang H.L.
Published: October 2016

Objectives

The cytotoxicity induced by cobalt ions (Co2+) and cobalt nanoparticles (Co-NPs) which released following the insertion of a total hip prosthesis, has been reported. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we investigate the toxic effect of Co2+ and Co-NPs on liver cells, and explain further the potential mechanisms.

Methods

Co-NPs were characterised for size, shape, elemental analysis, and hydrodynamic diameter, and were assessed by Transmission Electron Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering. BRL-3A cells were used in this study. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase release assay. In order to clarify the potential mechanisms, reactive oxygen species, Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA expression, IL-8 mRNA expression and DNA damage were assessed on BRL-3A cells after Co2+ or Co-NPs treatment.

Results

Results showed cytotoxic effects of Co2+ and Co-NPs were dependent upon time and dosage, and the cytotoxicity of Co-NPs was greater than that of Co2+. In addition, Co-NPs elicited a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in cell viability with a concomitant increase in lactic dehydrogenase release, reactive oxygen species generation, IL-8 mRNA expression, Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA expression and DNA damage after 24 hours of exposure.

Conclusion

Co-NPs induced greater cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in BRL-3A cells than Co2+. Cell membrane damage, oxidative stress, immune inflammation and DNA damage may play an important role in the effects of Co-NPs on liver cells. Cite this article: Y. K. Liu, X. X. Deng, H.L. Yang. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in liver cells induced by cobalt nanoparticles and ions. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:461–469. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.510.BJR-2016-0016.R1.
Aprendizaje y empresa en la Universidad que viene
Authors: Martínez Boom Alberto , Orozco Tabares John Henry
Published: October 2016

Describir algunas de las fuerzas y de los efectos que atraviesan la universidad actual supone el bosquejo de una nueva cartografía. Paisaje que muestra tanto un malestar como la emergencia de ciertas racionalidades políticas y económicas. Interesa explicar la vocación de futuro de una institución de educación superior cada vez más empresarizada y comprometida con el aprendizaje. Mutaciones, enrarecimientos y superposiciones conforman ahora el lugar de la formación y de las prácticas de autorregulación de la gestión y de la vida universitaria.
En la frontera: señas de identidad de la labor pedagógica hispano-americanista en María de Maeztu (1924-1936)
Authors: Melián Elvira M.
Published: October 2016

Las mujeres españolas somos deudoras de la pionera labor pedagógica en la que María de Maeztu consumió gran parte de su vida. Frente a los numerosos estudios sobre su obra en España, se olvida con frecuencia su papel como adalid de una corriente educativa hispano-americanista cristiana femenina que, durante el primer tercio del siglo XX, persiguió el progreso cultural de la mujer a ambos lados del Atlántico. El análisis de sus ensayos y conferencias sobre esta temática, y de la correspondencia con otras partícipes del mismo, nos permite recuperar la íntima naturaleza de un movimiento estrechamente ligado a la idiosincrasia de unas mujeres que apostaron, hasta su último aliento, por tan compleja como admirable empresa.
FINANCIAMENTO DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA NO NOVO PLANO NACIONAL DE EDUCAÇÃO: AVANÇOS, IMPASSES E PERSPECTIVAS
Authors: Militão Silvio Cesar Nunes
Published: October 2016

O financiamento da educação adquiriu centralidade no debate educacional contemporâneo, sobretudo com a introdução da política de Fundo no Brasil após meados dos anos 1990. O presente artigo propôs, então, analisar aspectos centrais referentes ao financiamento da educação básica na formulação/aprovação do novo Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE). Para tal, valeu-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental concernente à temática em tela. Inicialmente, recupera a trajetória histórica dos intentos de constituição de um PNE no Brasil, bem como trata da questão do financiamento da educação no PNE I. Na sequência, apresenta as principais deliberações da Conferência Nacional de Educação (CONAE/2010) sobre o financiamento, consensuadas e expressas no seu Documento Final. Por fim, examina o financiamento da educação básica no contexto do atual PNE II, da sua exaustiva tramitação à aprovação final, desvelando os avanços conquistados e os retrocessos sofridos, na perspectiva de uma educação pública, laica, gratuita e de qualidade para todos.
A METODOLOGIA DE PROJETOS E O DESAFIO NA ELABORAÇÃO DE NOVAS POSSIBILIDADES DE PROPOSTAS
Authors: Nascimento Elaine Cristina , Behrens Marilda Aparecida , Torres Patricia Lupion
Published: October 2016

As demandas da sociedade e o desencadeamento das transformações decorrentes destas no campo da Educação têm sido tema de constantes debates, principalmente ao abordar a Formação de Docentes e a prática Pedagógica desenvolvida nos diferentes contextos educacionais.  Desta forma, os processos relacionados ao ato de ensinar e aprender também precisam estar em constante análise e reflexão, pois precisam estar em consonância com os novos paradigmas. Neste contexto, esta pesquisadora, integrante do Grupo PEFOP - Paradigmas Educacionais e Formação de Professores, na Linha de pesquisa - Teoria e Prática Pedagógica na Formação de Professores, optou por investigar: Quais os elementos estruturantes na Metodologia de Projetos para uma formação que subsidie e que atenda ao paradigma da complexidade? Esta pesquisa-ação de natureza qualitativa é parte do projeto de Formação Pedagógica do Professor Universitário do grupo PEFOP numa pesquisa-ação que foi realizada em quatorze encontros, por meio de Seminário aprofundamento da linha de Teoria e Prática Pedagógica na Formação de Professores (Doutorado), do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação (PPGE). Para este estudo, tomou-se como problema: Quais são os elementos estruturantes necessários para uma proposta de Metodologia de Projetos para uma formação que atenda ao paradigma da complexidade? Como objetivo o processo investigativo buscou considerar nas discussões e nas reflexões quais os desafios apresentados pelos participantes, visando a um olhar sobre os dados obtidos na pesquisa, que possibilitem uma reflexão dialógica, criativa e cooperativa, apontando para uma ação colaborativa e transformadora nas práticas pedagógicas e fornecendo subsídios aos professores, por meio da Metodologia de Projetos (Behens, 2016) e seus elementos estruturantes, consolidando seu fazer docente.
Marine Fish Farming and the Blue Revolution: Culturing Cod Fisheries
Authors: Bavington Dean , Banoub Daniel
Published: October 2016

The Blue Revolution promises to transform wild marine fish into docile domesticates, fish hunters into harvesters. As commercially fished marine species continue to face extinction in the wild due to over-fishing, pollution, global climate change and a host of other anthropo-genic assaults, ‘culture’ has emerged as a keyword in the field of marine fisheries management. Like the terrestrial dreams and grandiose visions of their Green comrades a half-century earlier, Blue revolutionaries advocate the application of scientific expertise, industrial technology and transnational capital in their oceanic culturing projects. These culturing projects influence and seek to transform human identity and ways of living as much as the genetic make-up, behaviours and metabolism of the wild fish species that are targeted for domestication.
‘Not Just Another Anonymous Spot’: Government Support for Memory Institutions in Prince Edward Island and Wales
Authors: Lloyd Simon
Published: October 2016

In view of the important role that libraries, archives and museums – collectively referred to here as memory institutions – can play in regenerating communities that have faced economic and social difficulties, this essay examines government support for this sector in Prince Edward Island (PEI) through a comparative study with Wales. A historical sketch of the development of government administrative and planning capacity in this field in both Wales and PEI is offered, followed by a comparison of current funding commitments by each government. The study finds that relative funding levels are about the same in both jurisdictions, but that the Welsh government can offer an instructive example to the government of PEI through the former’s commitment to planning for museums, archives and libraries, and for cultural and heritage activity as whole.
Disputing the Character of the City: Heritage, Regeneration and the Urban Design Turn
Authors: Grant Jill L. , Kwan Leung Gladys Wai
Published: October 2016

Like many cities with an abundant legacy of heritage structures and aspirations to expand their economic and population base, Halifax (Nova Scotia) experiences significant tensions between heritage conservation and urban development ambitions. On the one hand, Halifax has a vigorous heritage movement spawned in the wake of slum clearance and urban redevelopment efforts in the 1960s; heritage advocates work consistently to conserve the low-rise character of the historic city. On the other hand, it has an emergent urban design lobby supported by economic development interests and creative class ideas; development advocates call for signature high-rise buildings to attract investment and young people. With each new development proposal, community groups argue about the meaning of past and future, the nature of cultural identity and the image of the city. In this essay we examine the recent emergence of a social network of young urban professionals whose influence is growing rapidly in local debates about urban regeneration. Whereas a decade ago heritage conservation enjoyed high priority in planning debates in many parts of the world, today it competes with arguments for signature architecture and greater urban density. The urban design turn reflects changing cultural priorities but also reveals the operation of new governance mechanisms within local growth machines.
Soil chemical analysis of gangetic delta plain by combined use of multispectral imagery and XRF spectroscopy
Authors: Singh Neha , Asthana Harshita , Vishwakarma Chandrasekhar Azad , Sen Ratan , Mukherjee Saumitra
Published: October 2016

24 Parganas districts of West Bengal are very well known for their agricultural productivity. These districts are the part of the mature delta plain of the Bengal delta which is formed by the deposition of weathered sediments through Himalayan Rivers. The agricultural productivity of an area depends mainly upon the fertility of soil which in turn depends on the presence of essential nutrients in it. Thus, the present study was carried out to assess the types of minerals present in the soil which provide the elements that act as the nutrients to the plant. Band ratio technique using the Landsat imagery and X-Ray Diffraction was carried out for the study of mineral composition. XRF was done for the elemental composition of the soil samples and Principal Component Analysis was carried out to assess the sources of these nutrients in the soil. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was also calculated using Landsat imagery to study the vegetation pattern in the area. The study suggests that the area is mainly comprised of clay and ferrous minerals and contains nearly all the elements that act as macro-and micro-nutrients. However, the study also shows the accumulation of some of the heavy metals which may be due to the excessive use of fertilizers.
Fuzzy logic application in the evaluation of performance of a prototype vehicle powered from solar energy and water electrolysis process
Authors: Dos Santos Marcos , Bahiana Bruna Russo , Reis Marcone Freitas dos , Martins Ernesto Rademaker , Dias Fabrício da Costa
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of a prototype vehicle that uses a reversible fuel cell capable of producing and storing hydrogen and oxygen by breaking the water molecule - the electrolysis process, made possible with the use of solar panels. The vehicle shown only uses two main sources of energy: solar and hydrogen cells, both clean and renewable energy sources. Water is the only residue generated. The Fuzzy Logic was used in the establishment of linguistic variables and on the composition of inference rules based on power, solar panel area and solar irradiation. The Fuzzy Logic provides a method of translating verbal, vague, imprecise and qualitative expressions, common in human communication in numeric values. This enables the conversion of the human experience in a way understandable by computers. Thus, the technology made possible by the fuzzy approach has a practical value. In view of the severe environmental degradation in which the planet is going through and the scarcity of energy sources, especially fossil fuels, one of the great challenges of the scientific community is to develop new technologies that use clean and renewable energy sources, that are economically viable and promote sustainable technologies and processes.
The EFL Methodology Course in Chile: SLTE in the Expanding Circle
Authors: Martin Annjeanette
Published: October 2016

With the growth of EFL instruction worldwide, there has been increasing interest in how English teachers are prepared, yet little research has addressed these programs in foreign contexts. As part of pedagogical formation, methodology courses are considered key in developing both ‘received’ and ‘experiential’ teacher knowledge. Inspired by previous research, the current descriptive study analyzes the pedagogical content of methodology courses in EFL teacher programs in 16 Chilean universities and addresses the perceptions of methodology instructors by means of a questionnaire and an interview. Results highlight similarities and differences among programs, some considerations in designing methodology courses and the challenges in articulating the connection between theory and practice. Con el aumento en la enseñanza del inglés a nivel mundial, también se ha visto un aumento en el interés en la formación docente de los profesores de inglés. Sin embargo, ha habido escasa investigación en contextos lejos de los centros de habla inglesa. Como parte de la formación docente, los cursos de metodología se consideran claves para desarrollar los conocimientos pedagógicos ‘recibidos’ y ‘experienciales’. Inspirado en investigaciones previas, el presente estudio descriptivo analiza el contenido pedagógico de los cursos de metodología en 16 programas de formación docente inicial para profesores de inglés en Chile e incluye las percepciones de los profesores de metodología de la especialidad a través de una encuesta y una entrevista. Los resultados abordan similitudes y diferencias entre programas, algunas consideraciones en diseñar estos cursos, y el desafío de la articulación entre teoría y práctica.
Going 3D with Technology: An Overarching Approach for Language Teachers
Authors: Hendryx Jason D.
Published: October 2016

Después de más de una década de observaciones en clases de más de una docena de idiomas, en múltiples instituciones de educación secundaria y de educación superior en varios países, se puede afirmar que existen tres usos pedagógicos clave para una introducción exitosa de la tecnología por parte de los profesores. Los tres usos identificados son: el direccional, el de desarrollo, y el crítico. En lo sucesivo, llamados usos 3D. Los datos de observación obtenidos sugieren que cuando un profesor de idiomas introduce la tecnología en el aula por medio de cualquiera de los tres usos indicados, incrementa el éxito de resultados. El éxito aquí debe entenderse como un mayor nivel de interacción, de motivación, de compromiso y de producción de lenguaje por parte de las estudiantes. Mientras tanto las observaciones de profesores que introducen la tecnología en el aula sin tener en cuenta los usos 3D, revelaron aplicaciones rígidas y aburridas de los medios tecnológicos para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de idiomas. Dichas aplicaciones muchas veces se caracterizan por desdeñar el contexto pedagógico de manera que generan entre los estudiantes escasos o nulos niveles de interacción o de producción de lenguaje.Grounded in over a decade of language classroom observations, in multiple institutions of secondary and higher education in several countries, across over a dozen languages, three key features of what appear to be successful applications of technology by instructors in these classes for language teaching emerged. These features came to be identified as directional, developmental, and decisive—Hereafter referred to as the 3Ds. Observational data suggests that when an instructor embraces any of the 3Ds while using technology for teaching and learning purposes, the more successful that application of technology seems to be. Success here should be understood as higher levels of student interaction, engagement, and motivation, with more kinds and types of student language being produced.  Meanwhile, observations of instructors who did not utilize any of the 3Ds, revealed stiff, uninspiring uses of technology, oftentimes devoid of context, which did not result in much, if any, student interaction or language production.
Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context: Findings and Research Directions
Authors: Pinar Alex
Published: October 2016

The idea that living or studying in the target language country is essential in order to improve linguistic knowledge and understand its culture is widespread. Since the 1980’s, a large amount of research has been conducted in order to describe empirically the linguistic benefits gained from the study abroad context. However, over the last decade researchers have expanded research fields and studied important aspects such as the development of intercultural competence and the influence of extra-linguistic factors during study abroad. The aim of this paper is to present a review and synthesis of the most relevant research projects undertaken during the last decade, highlight the different research lines that have been recently utilized, and comment on their findings. This paper also proposes new research directions that could allow us to understand the deeper complexities of the study abroad learning context.
DETERMINACIÓN DEL COEFICIENTE Y CALIDAD DE ASERRÍO DEL GÉNERO Pinus EN LA REGIÓN SIERRA SUR, OAXACA, MÉXICO
Authors: Ortiz Barrios Rosalino , Martínez Santiago Daniel , Vázquez Rabanales Dany Eduardo , Juárez Waldo Santiago
Published: October 2016

Se estudiaron las operaciones de un aserradero para conocer el coeficiente de aprovechamiento y la calidad dimensional de la madera aserrada en un aserradero ubicado en Sierra Sur de Oaxaca, México. Para determinar el coeficiente de aprovechamiento se cubicaron 101 trozas de clases diamétricas variadas con longitud de 2.63 m, obteniendo un volumen de 63.37 y 58.35 m3, con corteza y sin corteza respectivamente. Para determinar el rendimiento en madera aserrada, se agruparon las trozas en ocho categorías diamétricas y siete de conicidad. El estudio de tiempos y movimientos comprendió en análisis de observaciones por muestreo en intervalos de dos minutos para las tres secciones principales del aserradero (Sierra principal, canteadora y despuntadora). Se obtuvieron un total de 1875 tablas de 19.05 mm de espesor en clase tercera y cuarta, lo que representa 30.12 m3 de madera aserrada. El coeficiente de aprovechamiento promedio fue de 44.18% con corteza y 48.27% sin corteza, indicando que de 1 m3r sin corteza procesado se obtienen 216 pt de madera aserrada y para obtener 1000 pt se requieren 4.62 m3 de madera en rollo. El estudio de tiempos y movimientos mostró que la sierra principal obtiene un tiempo de trabajo del 70.63%, la canteadora el 54.21% y la despuntadora el 26.02%.
Impact of commonly prescribed exercise interventions on platelet activation in physically inactive and overweight men
Authors: Haynes Andrew , Linden Matthew D. , Robey Elisa , Watts Gerald F. , Barrett Hugh , Naylor Louise H. , Green Daniel J.
Published: October 2016

The exercise paradox infers that, despite the well‐established cardioprotective effects of repeated episodic exercise (training), the risk of acute atherothrombotic events may be transiently increased during and soon after an exercise bout. However, the acute impact of different exercise modalities on platelet function has not previously been addressed. We hypothesized that distinct modalities of exercise would have differing effects on in vivo platelet activation and reactivity to agonists which induce monocyte‐platelet aggregate (MPA) formation. Eight middle‐aged (53.5 ± 1.6 years) male participants took part in four 30 min experimental interventions (aerobic AE, resistance RE, combined aerobic/resistance exercise CARE, or no‐exercise NE), in random order. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, and 1 h after each intervention, and incubated with one of three agonists of physiologically/clinically relevant pathways of platelet activation (thrombin receptor activating peptide‐6 TRAP, arachidonic acid AA, and cross‐linked collagen‐related peptide xCRP). In the presence of AA, TRAP, and xCRP, both RE and CARE evoked increases in MPAs immediately post‐exercise (P < 0.01), whereas only AA significantly increased MPAs immediately after AE (P < 0.01). These increases in platelet activation post‐exercise were transient, as responses approached pre‐exercise levels by 1 h. These are the first data to suggest that exercise involving a resistance component in humans may transiently increase platelet‐mediated thrombotic risk more than aerobic modalities.
The Current Limits of Calorie Labeling and the Potential for Population Health Impact
Authors: Breck Andrew , Mijanovich Tod , Weitzman Beth C. , Elbel Brian
Published: October 2016

By mid-2018, federal policy will require chain restaurants with more than 20 U.S. locations to include calorie information on their menus. Despite high expectations that this policy would encourage healthier eating, most studies of local policies to mandate calorie labels have demonstrated little impact on consumer choice. In this article, the authors adapt Burton and Kees's (2012) conceptual framework for eating behavior change to better understand the limited impact of these policies thus far. Using two surveys of fast-food consumers in Philadelphia, the authors estimate the percentage who might reasonably be expected to respond to calorie labels given the requirements of the Burton and Kees model. They find that as few as 8% of fast-food consumers meet all the model's requirements and, therefore, would be expected to change their eating behavior as a result of calorie information. The authors use the model and findings to consider how calorie-labeling policy could be improved for greater impact.
Live-in and Burn-out?
Authors: Becker Karina
Published: October 2016

Aktuell ist zu beobachten, dass deutsche Familien für die Verrichtung häuslicher Pflegearbeit zunehmend auf Pflegekräfte aus Osteuropa zurückgreifen. Aufgrund der schwachen Regulierung und des Charakters der Arbeit sind die Pflegekräfte darauf verwiesen, ihre Arbeits- und Beschäftigungsbedingungen mit den Familien, zum Teil auch mit den Sorgebedürftigen selbst, auszuhandeln. Anhand eines arbeitssoziologischen Designs wird untersucht, auf welche Machtressourcen sie in ihrem Arbeits- und Beschäftigungsverhältnis zurückgreifen (können). Es wird gezeigt, dass sich migrantische Pflegekräfte vielfach in einer Situation struktureller Machtlosigkeit befinden.
Evaluation and comparison of three assays for molecular detection of spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Li Liang , Zhou Wan-Jun , Fang Ping , Zhong Ze-Yan , Xie Jian-Sheng , Yan Ti-Zhen , Zeng Jian , Tan Xu-Hui , Xu Xiang-Min
Published: October 2016

Background:

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is mainly caused by deletions in SMA-related genes. The objective of this study was to develop gene-dosage assays for diagnosing SMA.

Methods:

A multiplex, quantitative PCR assay and a CNVplex assay were developed for determining the copy number of

Results:

The multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay had higher reproducibility. Intra-assay CVs were 3.01%–8.52% and inter-assay CVs were 4.12%–6.24%. The CNVplex assay had ratios that were closer to expected (0.49–0.5 for one copy, 1.03–1.0 for two copies, and 1.50–1.50 for three copies). Diagnostic accuracy rates for the two assays were 100%.

Conclusions:

The multiplex qPCR assay was a simple, rapid, and cost-effective method for routine SMA diagnosis and carrier screening. The CNVplex assay could be used to detect SMAs with complicated gene structures. The assays were reliable and could be used as alternative methods for clinical diagnosis of SMA.
Utility of proGRP as a tumor marker in the medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Parra-Robert Marina , Orois Aida , Augé Josep Maria , Halperin Irene , Filella Xavier , Molina Rafael
Published: October 2016

Background:

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a neuroendocrine tumor caused by a malignant transformation in the parafollicular C-cells of the thyroid, where calcitonin (CT) is released. Nowadays the main tumor markers (TM) used in the diagnosis and follow-up of MTC patients are CT and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Nonetheless, progastrin releasing peptide (proGRP) has been recently proposed as a TM useful in the MTC. Our aims were to investigate the release of proGRP in thyroid tumors, its role in the assessment of advanced MTC and its utility in the differential diagnosis between MTC and non-MTC thyroid tumors.

Methods:

Serum samples from 22 patients with MTC and 16 with non-MTC were collected. Patients were classified into advanced cancer or no evidence of disease (NED). ProGRP was performed by Architect (Abbot Diagnostics), CT by Liaison (Diasorin) and CEA by Cobas E601(Roche Diagnostics).

Results:

ProGRP median concentration in advanced MTC was significantly higher (1398.4 pg/mL) when compared with non-MTC, either in advanced disease (24.9 pg/mL) or NED (14.6 pg/mL). In non-MTC patients, proGRP median concentration was below its cutoff level (50 pg/mL). Similar to CT, proGRP was able to detect 88.9% of MTC patients, but with a slightly lower specificity of 76.9%. Using proGRP together with CT the sensitivity increased to 100%.

Conclusions:

The low prevalence of this malignancy strongly recommends further collaborative studies, mainly focused on monitoring proGRP during tyrosine kinase inhibitors treatment for early detection of resistance and assessing its usefulness to avoid the observed false positive fluctuations that occur with CT and CEA.
The Regularizing Properties of Multistep Methods for First Kind Volterra Integral Equations with Smooth Kernels
Authors: Plato Robert
Published: October 2016

In this paper, quadrature methods for solving Volterra integral equations of the first kind with smooth kernels under the presence of noise in the right-hand sides are considered, with the quadrature methods generated by linear multistep methods. The regularizing properties of an a priori choice of the step size are analyzed, and the smoothness of the involved functions is carefully taken into consideration.
The balancing principle as an adaptive choice of the step size is also studied. It is considered in a version which sometimes requires less amount of computational work than the standard version of this principle. Numerical results are included.
The stability of some generalizations of the quadratic and Wilson’s functional equations
Authors: Łukasik Radosław
Published: October 2016

In this paper we prove a stability result for the functional equation

1
L

⁢

∑

λ
∈
K

F
⁢

(

x
+

λ
⁢
y

)

=

α
⁢

(
y
)

⁢
G
⁢

(
x
)

+

H
⁢

(
y
)

,
x

,

y
∈
S

,

\frac{1}{L}\sum_{\lambda\in K}F(x+\lambda y)=\alpha(y)G(x)+H(y),\quad x,y\in S,

for the functions

F
,
G
,
H

:

S
→
X

{F,G,H\colon S\to X}

,

α
:

S
→
𝕂

{\alpha\colon S\to\mathbb{K}}

,
where

(
S
,
+
)

{(S,+)}

is an abelian semigroup, K is a finite subgroup of the automorphism group of S,

L
:=

|
K
|

{L:=|K|}

and

(
X
,
∥
⋅
∥
)

{(X,\|\cdot\|)}

is the Banach space over a field

𝕂
∈

{
ℝ
,
ℂ
}

{\mathbb{K}\in\{\mathbb{R},\mathbb{C}\}}

.
The Sobolev space of half-differentiable functions and quasisymmetric homeomorphisms
Authors: Sergeev Armen
Published: October 2016

In this paper, we give an interpretation of some classical objects of function theory
in terms of Banach algebras of linear operators in a Hilbert space. We are especially
interested in quasisymmetric homeomorphisms of the circle. They are boundary values
of quasiconformal homeomorphisms of the disk and form a group

QS
⁡

(

S
1

)

${\operatorname{QS}(S^{1})}$

with respect to composition. This group acts on the Sobolev space

H
0

1
/
2

⁢

(

S
1

,
ℝ
)

${H^{1/2}_{0}(S^{1},\mathbb{R})}$

of half-differentiable functions on the circle
by reparameterization. We give an interpretation of the group

QS
⁡

(

S
1

)

${\operatorname{QS}(S^{1})}$

and the space

H
0

1
/
2

⁢

(

S
1

,
ℝ
)

${H^{1/2}_{0}(S^{1},\mathbb{R})}$

in terms of noncommutative geometry.
Invertibility characterization of Wiener–Hopf plus Hankel operators on variable exponent Lebesgue spaces via even asymmetric factorization
Authors: Castro Luís P. , Silva Anabela S.
Published: October 2016

We obtain invertibility and Fredholm criteria for the Wiener–Hopf plus Hankel operators acting between variable exponent Lebesgue spaces on the real line.
Such characterizations are obtained via the so-called even asymmetric factorization,
which is applied to the Fourier symbols of the operators under study.
Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins prepared by means of the aqueous phase of the catalytic pyrolysis of European beech wood. COST Action FP1105
Authors: Papadopoulou Electra , Kountouras Sotiris , Nikolaidou Zoe , Chrissafis Konstantinos , Michailof Chrysoula , Kalogiannis Konstantinos , A. Lappas Angelos
Published: October 2016

The aqueous phase resulting from the catalytic pyrolysis (AQcatPy) of biomass has been successfully applied for acidification of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins. The resins were synthesized at a laboratory scale and characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The bonding ability of the resins was tested through the preparation of particle boards (PBs). It was found that the UF resins prepared with AQcatPy as acidification medium have a similar performance to typical UF resins, where conventional chemicals like formic acid (FA) or acetic acid (AA) serve for pH adjustments. The new resins give PBs with somewhat improved thickness swelling (TS) values, while all other properties are at the same level.
Walking in the city: A case study of the streets in Brno
Authors: Kočková Jana
Published: October 2016

This paper is an ethnographic study of everyday walking practice in the city. The research was conducted in 2014-2015 in selected streets of Brno city and was based on a hybrid method of shared walking (go-along) coupled with observations and semi-structured interviews. As urban walking is recognized as a significant mode of travel, this paper aims to expand existing knowledge by contributing qualitative data. The key influence is the work of Michel de Certeau (1984) who understands walking as a practice of everyday life. Everyday walking helps shape physical spaces and this subsequently affects human behavior. In this article I will discuss how people relate to walking, how they act in urban space and what importance they attach to their behavior. Another aim is to ascertain how pedestrians behave while performing their everyday routine and how they interact with drivers and cyclists.
Moderne und Kultur. Über Genese und Funktionsweise literaturwissenschaftlicher Moderne-Begriffe
Authors: Stöckmann Ingo
Published: October 2016

The paper examines the inter-discursive relations between the naturalistic novel and early sociology in the late nineteenth century and consequently unfolds a yet-to-be-told history of modernity concepts commonly used in literary criticism today. The narrative and aesthetic implications of these concepts have often been discussed. However, their unquestioned inevitability on the level of representation and an understanding of modern culture can be observed and investigated against this historical background in particular. This allows for two tentative assumptions: First, the logical inconsistencies of the historical narrative inspected here have a continuing impact on ›classical‹ theories of modernity in general and affect their fundamental conceptual formation. Second, this kind of terminology of modernity was never modern in the first place.
Die größere Hoffnung in englischer Sprache. Cornelia Schaeffers Übersetzung von 1963
Authors: Bachleitner Norbert
Published: October 2016

The English translation of Aichinger’s novel appeared in 1963, that is at a time when her writing did not yet seem appropriate for a wider public. The American translator Cornelia Schaeffer therefore adapted the novel by ›clarifying‹ opaque phrases and ›normalizing‹ unusual expressions or by simply omitting them. She tries to provide her readers with a more or less realistic story of children trying to escape from Nazi terror. Furthermore, she does not adequately render leitmotifs such as Aichinger’s variations of the word »nachweisen « referring to the notorious (Arier-)Nachweis. Sometimes it is clear that deviations from the meaning of the source text are due to the lack of the translator’s command of German. Most interesting for comparative translation studies are passages that are open to interpretation in the German version, e.g. Ellen’s striving for the »Allererste«.
Übersetz mich über das Meer. Die größere Hoffnung auf Japanisch
Authors: Shindo Sugi
Published: October 2016

Die größere Hoffnung was translated into Japanese by Takashi Yajima in 1981 and published in the »Fairy-Paperback« translation series. In his translation Yajima pays particular attention to the description of light. The keyword »night and fog« and the essay »In Praise of Shadows« by Junichiro Tanizaki are used as reference points for the analysis of this feature of Yajima’s translation. Furthermore, his reproduction of complex constellations in Aichinger’s text is analyzed, especially the comments and the rendering of pronunciation and meaning in the Japanese version.
Zur Übersetzung des Romans Die größere Hoffnung von Ilse Aichinger ins Russische
Authors: Naiditsch Larissa
Published: October 2016

Ilse Aichinger’s novel Die größere Hoffnung was published in Russian in 1998 in the framework of the project Austrian library in St. Petersburg. The translator Elena Baevskaja is famous for her translations of French and German prose. The focus here is on the following topics: 1) the Jewish theme of the novel and its relevance for the Russian reader; 2) the rendering of recurring words and images (leitmotifs) in the novel; 3) the translation of images and lexemes concerning culturally and historically bound notions; 4) word play and other complicated cases; 5) examples of text explanation through translation.
Die größere Hoffnung in spanischer Sprache. Adan Kovacsis’ Übersetzung von 2004
Authors: Siguan Marisa
Published: October 2016

The article discusses the problems that arise when translating from German into Spanish due to the different structures of the two languages. Furthermore, the peculiarities of Aichinger’s style and the solutions offered by the translator are analyzed. In Aichinger’s language, poetical imagery, a dramatic and high tone, and intensity based on the concentration of expression all play a major role. The translator is well aware of these stylistic features, and does his best to render them adequately. On the whole, he presents a well readable Spanish text.
Eckensteher
Authors: Briese Olaf
Published: October 2016

This article explores the complex origins of the literary figure ‘Berliner Eckensteher’ around 1830. It analyses the sources of this figure in European visual and textual culture, its literary transformations and its different meanings. On the one hand, these figures were conceived as typical ‘biedermeierlich’, that is, as conforming to the social order, as drunken, dumb and harmless. On the other hand, and typical ‘vormärzlich’, they stood also for subversive protest against social repression and increasingly for the fight against reactionary politics. But: did Berlin ‘Eckensteher’ ever actually exist?
Ethos, Pathos, Ideologie – ein Forschungsbericht zum aktuellen Tragödiendiskurs
Authors: Benthien Claudia
Published: October 2016

This essay investigates the numerous recent academic publications (2000–2012) on the theme of tragedy and ‘the tragic’. The books discussed are grouped under three headings: (1) new perspectives on the history of tragedy as dramatic genre; (2) reflections of the role and function of the tragic in philosophy and cultural theory; (3) the relation of theatricality and tragedy, especially regarding the representation of emotions.
Widersprüchliche Optionen: Stationen der Künste 1913
Authors: Asendorf Christoph
Published: October 2016

Apart from their rather coincidental origin year, 1913, there is no apparent connection between a monument like the “Völkerschlachtdenkmal” in Leipzig (“Monument to the Battle of the Nations”) and the aesthetic manifestations of the avant-garde. These artistic expressions oscillate between opposite poles: weakness and desire for stability, refinement and primitivism, immanence and transcendence. It might be assumed that precisely these contradictory impulses lie at the heart of the rich and widely influential artistic outcome of this pre-war year.
Transkulturelle Biographik und Kulturgeschichte
Authors: Keller Thomas
Published: October 2016

This article attempts to determine categories for transcultural biographies. The biographer identifies crucial functions in cultural transfers, analyses the multiplication and rotation of roles and describes deviance up to alienation.
Practicing Critical Theory
Authors: Richter Simon
Published: October 2016

Based on extensive archival research, this article explores William (Wilhelm) Dieterle’s 1941 film “The Devil and Daniel Webster,” an American adaptation of Goethe’s
„Literarische Kunst“
Authors: Klausnitzer Ralf
Published: October 2016

This paper analyses the perceptions of the year 1913 by a direct witness and exact observer of time and literary life: The philologist Richard Moritz Meyer is represented in the “
Validation of the family needs assessment scale for Colombian families with children with intellectual disability
Authors: Aya-Gómez Viviana Lucía , Ovalle Parra Amalia Alexandra , Cabrera-Garcia Victoria , Muñoz-Gómez Diana Sthefania , Duque Romero Claudia Alejandra
Published: October 2016

This study documents the development and validation of the children’s version of the Family Needs Assessment (FNA) instrument for Colombia. The FNA is a scale that evaluates the needs of families with children with disabilities who are below the age of 18 years. To validate this scale, the research team identified the theoretical background regarding family members’ needs and performed a linguistic adaptation of the scale, which was reviewed to guarantee its validity through cognitive interviews and a pilot study. Results from the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) showed 72 items distributed in a 4-factor solution. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for each factor and for the overall FNA scale were also estimated. Specifically, alpha computed from the correlation among the 72 items was 0.97 and ranged from 0.85 to 0.95 for the four factors. Findings from this study provided evidence to support the validity of the FNA for families with children with intellectual disability in Colombia. The findings also indicated that the FNA has the potential of contributing to a better understanding of inputs (e.g. needs of families with individuals with disability) with the aim of informing system decisions, enhancing policies, improving services and strengthening family-professional partnerships.
Self-healing phenomena of graphene: potential and applications
Authors: VijayaSekhar K. , Acharyya Swati Ghosh , Debroy Sanghamitra , Miriyala V. Pavan Kumar , Acharyya Amit
Published: October 2016

The present study investigates the self healing behavior of both pristine and defected single layer graphene using a molecular dynamic simulation. Single layer graphene containing various defects such as preexisting vacancies and differently oriented pre-existing cracks were subjected to uniaxial tensile loading till fracture occurred. Once the load was relaxed, the graphene was found to undergo self healing. It was observed that this self healing behaviour of cracks holds irrespective of the nature of pre-existing defects in the graphene sheet. Cracks of any length were found to heal provided the critical crack opening distance lies within 0.3-0.5 nm for a pristine sheet and also for a sheet with pre-existing defects. Detailed bond length analysis of the graphene sheet was done to understand the mechanism of self healing of graphene. The paper also discusses the immense potential of the self healing phenomena of graphene in the field of graphene based sub-nano sensors for crack sensing.
A hardware-based modeling approach for real world collaborative multi-robot tasks
Authors: Alexandrov Vladimir , Kirik Konstantin , Kobrin Alexander
Published: October 2016

This article describes an implementation of a hardware-based modeling system for multi-robot collaborative tasks. Authors propose to perform a hardware-based modeling phase as an intermediate step between software simulation and implementation within a real application. In this article hardware and software architectures of the offered system as well as an application environment for collaborative multi-robot system studies are considered.
Kinetic study of CO2 reaction with CaO by a modified random pore model
Authors: Nouri S.M.M. , Ale Ebrahim H.
Published: October 2016

In this work, a modified random pore model was developed to study the kinetics of the carbonation reaction of CaO. Pore size distributions of the CaO pellets were measured by nitrogen adsorption and mercury porosimetry methods. The experiments were carried out in a thermogravimeter at different isothermal temperatures and CO2 partial pressures. A fractional concentration dependency function showed the best accuracy for predicting the intrinsic rate of reaction. The activation energy was determined as 11 kcal/mole between 550–700°C. The effect of product layer formation was also taken into account by using the variable product layer diffusivity. Also, the model was successfully predicted the natural lime carbonation reaction data extracted from the literature.
Performance evaluation of chemical coagulation process to treat bagasse wastewater: modeling and optimization
Authors: Thirugnanasambandham K. , Sivakumar V. , Shine K.
Published: October 2016

In this present study, chemical coagulation process (CC) treatment process was investigated under different conditions such as pH, ferric chloride dose, agitation time and settling time to treat bagasse wastewater using response surface methodology (RSM). The outcomes were evaluated using Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA) and second order polynomial models were created with the aim of being able to predict the responses. Ideal conditions were observed to be as per the following: agitation time of 25 min, pH of 7, ferric chloride dose of 6 g/L and settling time of 60 min. Under these conditions, turbidity removal of 62%, COD removal of 67%, TDS removal 53% and sludge production of 32 mL/L were obtained with operating cost of 3.50 Rupee/L. The mechanism of CC was analyzed using XRD spectrum and founds to be adsorption.
Multifunctional oligoetherols and polyurethane foams with carbazole ring
Authors: Lubczak Renata
Published: October 2016

A new method of preparation of multifunctional oligoetherols containing carbazole ring is presented. The oligoetherols were obtained in the reaction of 9-(2,3-epoxypropyl)carbazole with sorbitol and oxiranes like ethylene and propylene oxide. The structure of obtained oligoetherols was determined by IR, H-NMR and MALDI-ToF spectroscopies. Physical properties of the products render them good candidates for preparing polyurethane foams. The foams were obtained and their properties were examined. It has been found that the foams are rigid at room temperature and their apparent density was 50–70 kg/m3. The water uptake was low, maximum to 6.5 mass%. Obtained foams have high thermal resistance. Dynamic thermal analysis of these foams showed that 5% mass loss was initiated at 250–300°C, while temperature of 50% mass loss was 370–404°C. Concomitantly the increase of compression strength was observed.
Separation/Preconcentration Techniques for Rare Earth Elements Analysis
Authors: Hu Bin , He Man , Chen Beibei , Jiang Zucheng
Published: October 2016

The main aim of this chapter exactly characterizes the contribution. The analytical chemistry of the rare earth elements (REEs) very often is highly complicated and the determination of a specific element is impossible without a sample pre-concentration. Sample preparation can be carried out either by separation of the REEs from the matrix or by concentrating the REEs. The separation of REEs from each other is mainly made by chromatography.

At the beginning of REE analysis, the method of precipitation/coprecipitation was applied for the treatment of REE mixtures. The method is not applicable for the separation of trace amounts of REEs. The majority of the methods used are based on the distribution of REEs in a two-phase system, a liquid–liquid or a liquid–solid system. Various techniques have been developed for the liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), in particular the liquid phase micro-extraction. The extraction is always combined with a pre-concentration of the REEs in a single drop of extractant or in a hollow fiber filled with the extractant. Further modified techniques for special applications and for difficult REE separation have been developed. Compared to the LLE, the solid phase micro-extraction is preferred. The method is robust and easy to handle, in which the solid phase loaded with the REEs can be used directly for subsequent determination methods. At present, very new solid materials, like nanotubes, are developed and tested for solid phase extraction.
Greening the Curriculum: Traditional and Online Offerings for Science and Nonscience Majors
Authors: Dilip Meghna , Kerr Margaret E.
Published: October 2016

This chapter describes the efforts of the faculty at Worcester State University (WSU) to infuse green chemistry into the undergraduate chemistry curriculum. It specifically focuses on the structure of two stand-alone classes. One is aimed at a chemistry audience and is an upper-level elective for the major. The other is an online course aimed at a nonscience audience. Both are three-credit lecture-only classes.