bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spin-momentum locked modes on anti-phase boundaries in photonic crystals
Authors: Kong Xianghong , Zhou Yun , Xiao Gaobiao , Sievenpiper Daniel F.
Published: January 2020

An anti-phase boundary is formed by shifting a portion of photonic crystal lattice along the direction of periodicity. A spinning magnetic dipole is applied to excite edge modes on the anti-phase boundary. We show the unidirectional propagation of the edge modes which is also known as spin-momentum locking. Band inversion of the edge modes is discovered when we sweep the geometrical parameters, which leads to a change in the propagation direction. Also, an optimized source is applied to excite the unidirectional edge mode with high directivity.
Epitaxial growth of InAs/GaAs quantum dots on {113}-faceted Ge/Si (001) hollow substrate
Authors: Zhang Jie-Yin , Wei Wen-Qi , Wang Jian-Huan , Cong Hui , Feng Qi , Wang Zi-Hao , Wang Ting , Zhang Jian-Jun
Published: January 2020

The direct epitaxial growth of GaAs on Si suffers from their nature of lattice mismatch, thermal mismatch and polarity difference induced anti-phase domains (APDs). Here, we report the high quality and thin GaAs film grown on {113}-faceted Ge/Si (001) hollow substrate by in-situ hybrid molecular beam epitaxy. By directly growth of Ge on U-shape patterned Si (001), a strain-relaxed high-quality Ge sawtooth hollow structure with {113} facets was obtained. With an additional 400 nm GaAs deposition, an APD-free surface with a root-mean-square roughness of merely 0.67 nm is obtained on such Ge {113} /Si (001) substrate. The lattice mismatch dislocation between Ge and Si is found to terminate mostly at the sidewalls of the hollow structures. The {113}-faceted Ge surface is acting as an equivalent to the miscut substrate, which annihilates the APDs at the GaAs/Ge interface. High-resolution X-ray diffraction characterization reveals that the hollow structures can effectively reduce the thermal strain, leading to a crack-free GaAs film up to 7 µm. Five-layer InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) on such virtual GaAs/Ge {113} /Si (001) substrate without any dislocation filter layers exhibits almost the same photoluminescence (PL) intensity as that on the GaAs substrate, providing a promising method for integrating III-V QD lasers with silicon photonic platform.
Faktor Risiko Kegagalan Ventilasi non Invasif di Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) RSUD Dr. Moewardi
Authors: Hidayatullah Leksmana , Martuti Sri , Pudjiastuti Pudjiastuti
Published: January 2020

Latar belakang. Ventilasi non invasif (non invasive ventilation = NIV) dapat menjadi alternatif ventilasi selain intubasi endotrakeal, belum banyak didapatkan penelitian mengenai NIV di negara berkembang. Karakteristik awal pasien mempunyai peranan sebagai faktor risiko kegagalan NIV, tetapi masih didapatkan hasil yang beragam.Tujuan. Menganalisis faktor risiko kegagalan terapi NIV berdasarkan karakteristik awal pasien di Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Moewardi.Metode. Penelitian analitik dengan desain cross sectional dengan besar sampel 25 anak, dilakukan pengambilan data melalui rekam medik dengan periode november 2016 sampai mei 2018.Hasil. Didapatkan hasil, sebanyak 10 dari 25 pasien (40%) gagal NIV, 22 pasien (88%) sebagai lini pertama sedangkan sebagai penyapihan ventilator sebanyak 3 pasien (12%). Analisis multivariat dengan menggunakan regresi logistik menunjukkan jalur nutrisi enteral (P value 0,028 ;OR 10,64 (1,29-87,56)CI 95%) dapat menjadi prediktor kegagalan penggunaan NIV.Kesimpulan. Pemberian Nutrisi secara enteral pada saat awal penggunaan NIV dapat dijadikan prediktor kegagalan.
Uso do kit escolar como efetividade na prática ambiental desenvolvida com os alunos da Escola Dóris Mendes Trindade – Aquidauana/MS
Authors: Cristaldo Minéia Martins , Nascimento Elisangela Castedo Maria
Published: January 2020

A questão ambiental ganha notoriedade pela importância vital que se tem para a vida, dessa forma as escolas ficaram incumbidas de ensiná-la desenvolvendo ideias, petrificando conceitos, para então a prática se tornar diária. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os efeitos da educação ambiental na prática dos alunos, seu entendimento sobre meio ambiente, e as possíveis mudanças de comportamento em relação ao consumo desnecessário. Para isso foi aplicado questionário aos alunos do 3° ano do ensino médio da Escola Estadual professora Dóris Mendes Trindade – Aquidauana/MS, para verificar a finalidade que dão ao material escolar que ganham do governo. Verificou-se que as mudanças de comportamento mesmo que ainda tímidas já são reais, porém a visão do que é meio ambiente ainda é ingênua.
Formação de agentes ambientais em diferentes espaços profissionais
Authors: Biagiotto Renan Hohendorff , De Azevedo Maria Antonia Ramos
Published: January 2020

Diferentes vertentes de Educação Ambiental vêm surgindo, em diferentes espaços educacionais, em diálogo com o arcabouço legal. Nos baseando em material de cunho crítico socioambiental, analisamos 13 artigos científicos da área de Educação Ambiental. Considerando o volume de estudos e diversidade de ferramentas de pesquisas, nos limitamos ao acervo digital da USP para busca e publicações nos últimos 10 anos para um recorte recente. Aponta-se para preponderância nos espaços empresariais e na mentalidade dos cidadãos de práticas tecnicistas; carência de diversidade de espaços não-formais de educação para aplicação de projetos; falta de práticas de Educação Ambiental nos espaços empresariais.
Culturas Marítimas na Costa Norte do México; Natureza e cosmovisões em Altamar. Etnoecologia e Nova Etnografia.
Authors: Aran Roberto Reynoso
Published: January 2020

Em Cabo Rojo, o oceano não tem apenas a função de fornecer comida, mas sim o líquido vital ("as águas da vida", como expressam os pescadores) o elemento de que os tempos dependem: experimentação e conhecimento, e a própria existência do espaço biofísico como um todo, do qual os pescadores são inerentes e não algo estranho e independente. Eles desenvolveram uma capacidade connatural para construir complexos culturais, está em estreita relação com esse ambiente natural, o oceano. Desta maneira para estas culturas; o mar é um lugar de geração de vida, de fertilidade, de nascimento, mas também de morte, uma "morada de divindades". O mar é um marco astronômico de pesca e pesca especializada, diretamente ligado ao cosmo; uma interação de tempos, espaços e experiências com o fardo sagrado e profano.
Educação ambiental e maricultura: proposta participativa desenvolvida em uma comunidade do litoral do Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Silva Hugo Juliano Hermógenes da , Pierri Naína , Gnoatto Andresse Maria
Published: January 2020

Em 2010 foi aprovada a concessão de águas públicas da União para a ostreicultura na comunidade do Maciel (Pontal do Paraná, Paraná). O Laboratório Socioambiental do Centro de Estudos do Mar (Universidade Federal do Paraná) acompanhou e colaborou com a implantação dos cultivos por meio de um projeto piloto de extensão e educação ambiental. Este artigo apresenta os principais resultados das ações educativas e analisa os desdobramentos dos cultivos na vila. Foram realizadas duas atividades principais: um seminário de formação em maricultura, em 2010, e um projeto para o Monitoramento Ambiental Participativo entre 2011 e 2012. Ademais, foram feitas entrevistas e observações para acompanhar a evolução da ostreicultura. Os resultados apontam que as ações educativas ajudaram à implantação dos cultivos. Porém, a descontinuidade da assistência técnica e as dificuldades de organização social dos produtores contribuíram para o abandono dos mesmos.
Originality in Belgian civil law: comparing the Code Napoleon with Book 8 of the New Belgian Civil Code
Authors: Vandezande Niels , Schroers Jessica
Published: January 2020

Dr Niels Vandezande and Jessica Schroers examine the introduction of an entire New Belgian Civil Code and the opportunity provided to make revisions to take account of electronic evidence. The authors explain how the NBCC codifies and simplifies existing rules to take account of digital issues.

Index words: Belgium, Evidence law, civil law, civil procedure, Electronic evidence law and legislation
Editorial
Authors: Mason Stephen , Stanfield Allison
Published: January 2020

Editorial Vol 16: 2019
Duty of care and engineering functional-safety standards
Authors: Ladkin Peter Bernard
Published: January 2020

This paper considers the interactions between engineering standards and legal principles, but its author is not a lawyer and the paper does not consider the position in English law in any detail. Its purpose is to try to foster a deeper awareness of the issues.

Index words: automated systems, engineered systems, duty of care, health and safety law, United Kingdom
Case translation: Estonia
Authors: Case translation Estonia:
Published: January 2020

TlnRnKo 09.01.2017, 1-15-9051, Tallinna Ringkonnakohus (Tallinn Circuit Court), 9 January 2017

Estonia; VAT on property; admissibility of evidence collected by surveillance; digital evidence guidelines; continuity of evidence (also known as chain of custody); MD5 hash – whether sufficient to prove evidence not altered; status of opinion of external expert (a lawyer)
Case translation: Italy
Authors: Case translation Italy:
Published: January 2020

Tribunale sez. V, Milano, 18/10/2016, n. 11402, Court of Milan, V Civil, 18 October 2016

Italy; evidence of contract; e-mails; validity of electronic signature; payment of invoices; Code of the Digital Administration decree 82/2005; Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market and repealing Directive 1999/93/EC OJ L 257, 28.8.2014, p. 73–114
Book Reports
Authors: Mason Stephen
Published: January 2020

Book Reports
Earlier Alanine Aminotransferase Normalization During Antiviral Treatment Is Independently Associated With Lower Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Choi Jonggi , Kim Gi-Ae , Han Seungbong , Lim Young-Suk
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES:

It was suggested that normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels at 1 year of antiviral treatment is associated with a lower risk of hepatic events in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, it remains unclear whether earlier ALT normalization is associated with lower hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk, independent of fatty liver or cirrhosis and on-treatment virological response (VR), in patients with CHB.

METHODS:

We analyzed 4,639 patients with CHB who initiated treatment with entecavir or tenofovir using landmark analysis and time-dependent Cox analysis. We defined normal ALT as ≤35 U/L (men) and ≤25 U/L (women) and VR as serum hepatitis B virus DNA <15 IU/mL.

RESULTS:

During a median 5.6 years of treatment, 509 (11.0%) patients developed HCC. ALT normalization occurred in 65.6% at 1 year and 81.9% at 2 years and was associated with a significantly lower HCC risk in landmark (P < 0.001) and time-dependent Cox analyses (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 0.57; P < 0.001). Compared with ALT normalization within 6 months, delayed ALT normalization at 6–12, 12–24, and >24 months was associated with incrementally increasing HCC risk (AHR 1.40, 1.74, and 2.45, respectively; P < 0.001), regardless of fatty liver or cirrhosis at baseline and VR during treatment. By contrast, neither earlier VR (AHR 0.93; P = 0.53) nor earlier hepatitis B e antigen seroclearance (AHR 0.91; P = 0.31) was associated with a significantly lower HCC risk.

DISCUSSION:

In patients with CHB treated with entecavir or tenofovir, earlier ALT normalization was independently associated with proportionally lower HCC risk, regardless of fatty liver or cirrhosis at baseline and on-treatment VR.
Acute Esophageal Necrosis Associated With Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Jaiswal Palashkumar , Araujo James L.
Published: January 2020

Acute esophageal necrosis or “black esophagus” is a rare clinical entity characterized by necrosis of the esophageal mucosa resulting from low-flow hemodynamic states. The disease commonly presents with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and the diagnosis is based on the presence of circumferential black appearance of the distal esophagus with variable proximal involvement and sparing of mucosa distal to the esophagogastric junction. The disease is associated with a high mortality rate, and treatment is supportive. We describe a case of acute esophageal necrosis associated with acute postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis.
COATED CLADDING BEHAVIOR DURING HIGH-TEMPERATURE TRANSIENTS
Authors: Chalupová Adéla , Krejčí Jakub , Cvrček Ladislav , Ševeček Martin , Rozkošný Vojtěch , Přibyl Antonín , Halodová Patricie , Gávelová Petra
Published: January 2020

The concept of accident-tolerant fuels has been proposed and widely investigated over the past decade. The contribution is focused on one of the near-term approaches - the modification of the surface of existing Zr-alloy claddings by protective coatings. The studied specimens are based on Zr-1%Nb substrate with chromium coating, multicomponent chromium nitride and chromium coating and multi-layer chromium nitride/chromium coating deposited by a physical vapor deposition process. Thermomechanical tests were designed to understand the cladding deformation and the burst conditions during the LOCA phenomena. Presented results show both the positive and the negative effect of coating on cladding behavior. All coatings exhibited a reduction of ballooning size and prolongation of time to burst. On the contrary, coating can be connected with larger opening size after burst, higher hydrogen content and deterioration of the local mechanical properties.
Retained placenta in Relation with Blood Components in Egyptian crossbred cattle
Authors: Mourad Reem S.
Published: January 2020

          The present study was carried out in the veterinary units on 14 normal cows and 32 cows with Retained Placenta. Cows were chosen after about 6 to 12 hours from parturition in Shebin Elkom, Menoufia, Egypt.

        Results show that there was very highly significant increase of concentrations of all blood biochemical components, macro elements and micro elements in normal cows than those in retained fetal membranes cows except in globulin, Sodium and Manganese.  On the other hand, plasma concentrations of biochemical components were highly significant between summer and winter in cholesterol, total protein and albumin but it wasn’t significant in glucose, globulin and A/G ratio. Moreover, there was very highly significant in plasma concentration between summer and winter in all macro elements except potassium and Ca/P ratio. Also, there was very highly significant in plasma concentration between summer and winter in all micro elements except Manganese. Meanwhile, plasma concentrations of biochemical components were not significant between parities except in A/G ratio. Furthermore, there was no significant in plasma concentration between summer and winter in all macro elements. But, there was very highly significant (P≤0.01) in plasma concentration of Cu and Cd between summer and winter, and it was significant (P≤0.05) in Fe and Se but, there was no significant in Co, Zn, Mn, and Mo.

      The aim of this study was to determine blood plasma constituents and inorganic macro and micro elements in the case of retained placenta in crossbred cattle under Egyptian conditions.
Factors Affecting Twinning and the Impacts of Twinning in Cattle
Authors: Praharani Lisa
Published: January 2020

Efforts to increase cattle production can be done through increasing the population and productivity of cattle, one of which is through the birth of two offsprings per parent (twin). The incidence of twinning in cattle ranged 1-10%, and influenced by genetic/breed, parity, management, season of breeding. This paper presented factors and technology that increase twinning rate and the impacts of twin births in cattle. There are genetic and non genetic factors affecting twinning rate. Increased twin births can be done through some technologies such as selection, reproduction and management. The problems in twinnings are the high incidence of abortion, early embryonic loss, distochia, retained placenta, metabolic disorders, and ketosis resulting in longer calving interval. Intensive management to dam bearing twins can reduce the problems. Economically, the profits of twinning are different between beef and dairy cattle. Twin births give benefit to beef cattle farming through the increase in total weaning per cattle. The pros and cons of twin births occur in dairy cows farming, especially on milk production.
Aproximaciones: hacia una política de la alteridad en la obra de Juan L. Ortiz
Authors: Romero Laura Soledad
Published: January 2020

De modo muy esquemático, las lecturas críticas de la obra poética de Juan Laurentino Ortiz se dividen en dos grupos: uno, cuyo núcleo es la representación de la naturaleza, atiende a la relación fusional o mística entre el sujeto y el paisaje; el otro, cuyo núcleo es la realidad social, considera las dimensiones históricas y políticas. Nuestra hipótesis es que la obra de Ortiz reclama una reconsideración de las categorías políticas que subyacen a sus diferentes lecturas, a partir de una indagación del problema de la otredad como alteridad radical. En este sentido, el problema de la animalidad permite considerar una dimensión que escapa a la alternativa crítica. Los animales (así como otros entes no humanos) solicitan una consideración ética, pues plantean la relación entre el sujeto y el paisaje como tensión irresoluble que no puede desembocar en ninguna síntesis armónica. Reconsiderar el problema político a la luz de la ética implica conmover la dicotomía naturaleza/cultura y, en consecuencia, volver a plantear los términos para otra lectura política de esta obra que se sustraería a la dialéctica.
Notes from the Editors, January 2020
Authors: The Editors -
Published: January 2020

buy this issue

The coup against the Bolivian government under Evo Morales came straight out of the latest political-military manuals of the U.S. imperial state. These manuals provide instructions on how systematically to undermine the reputation of a popular, elected leader with accusations of dictatorship, corruption, and various other forms of character assassination in order to soften support on the left. Moreover, these manuals provide step-by-step instructions on how to prepare the political and military bases of a coup.
Evald Ilyenkov and Soviet Philosophy
Authors: Maidansky Andrey , Oittinen Vesa
Published: January 2020

Vesa Oittinen interviews Andrey Maidansky about Soviet philosophy and the well-known and controversial Soviet philosopher Evald Ilyenkov (1924–79).
Using drama activities to teach beginner’s French to Chinese students at a tertiary institution in Hong Kong: An exploratory case study
Authors: Abenoja Zarina Marie Krystle M. , DeCoursey Matthew
Published: January 2020

The exam-oriented education system in Hong Kong has created a language learning environment that is largely confined to traditional classroom settings, which may not take best advantage of students’ abilities to relate what they have learnt in class to real-life scenarios. Such learning environments may have implications for the way second language learners learn a new language. Numerous studies suggest that drama activities used in language classrooms can enhance second language learning. These studies put forward tasks that generate pleasant and rewarding experiences, enhance confidence and subsequently increase motivation to learn a language. By focusing on students studying in a beginning French course at a tertiary institution in Hong Kong, this article reports on how drama activities make a target language more enjoyable and easier to recall. Classroom observations and interviews with students (N = 30) revealed that learning French via drama had a number of positive effects on second language learners especially in terms of their confidence. The learning of French through drama may provide a language learning environment that enables students to apply their French language skills more effectively in real-life situations.
Review of Early instructed second language acquisition: Pathways to competence; Editors: Joanna Rokita-Jaśkow, Melanie Ellis; Publisher: Multilingual Matters, 2019; ISBN: 9781788922494; Pages: 257
Authors: Scheffler Paweł
Published: January 2020

In a large scale survey of teachers’ perceptions of the challenges they face in teaching English to young primary school learners (Copland, Garton, & Burns, 2014), some of the key issues that are identified are as follows: teaching speaking, using only English in the classroom, enhancing motivation, maintaining discipline, catering for different individual needs (including special educational needs), dealing with parents, and teaching grammar as well as reading and writing. The relevance of Early Instructed Second Language Acquisition, edited by Rokita-Jaśkow and Ellis, is clearly shown by the fact that it addresses most of these central issues.
Utility of recombinant human TSH stimulation test in the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer depending on basal thyroglobulin results
Authors: Sandúa Amaia , Macias Monica , Perdomo Carolina , Galofre Juan Carlos , Ferrer Roser , Alegre Estibaliz , González Álvaro
Published: January 2020

Background

Thyroglobulin (Tg) is fundamental for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) monitoring. Tg detection can be enhanced using recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (rhTSH). This study is aimed to evaluate the use of the rhTSH stimulation test when using a high-sensitivity Tg assay.

Methods

We retrospectively studied 181 rhTSH tests from 114 patients with DTC and negative for antithyroglobulin antibodies (anti-TgAb). Image studies were performed in all cases. Serum Tg and anti-TgAb were measured using specific immunoassays.

Results

rhTSH stimulation in patients with basal serum Tg (b-Tg) concentrations lower than 0.2 ng/mL always resulted in rhTSH-stimulated serum Tg (s-Tg) concentrations lower than 1.0 ng/mL and negative structural disease. In patients with b-Tg concentration between 0.2 and 1.0 ng/mL, s-Tg detected one patient (1/30) who showed biochemical incomplete response. Patients with negative images had lower s-Tg than those with nonspecific or abnormal findings (p<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the s-Tg to detect altered images showed an area under the curve of 0.763 (p<0.05). With an s-Tg cutoff of 0.85 ng/mL, the sensitivity was 100%, decreasing to 96.15% with an s-Tg cutoff of 2 ng/mL.

Conclusions

Patients with DTC with b-Tg concentrations equal or higher than 0.2 ng/mL can benefit from the rhTSH stimulation test.
Spectral properties and biological activity of La(III) and Nd(III) Monensinates
Authors: Pantcheva I. , Dimitrova R. , Ivanova V. , Nedzhib A. , Dorkov P. , Dinev D. , Spasov R. , Alexandrova R.
Published: January 2020

The present research is focused on evaluation of complexation ability of Monensic acid (MonH) towards La3+ and Nd3+ ions.

Changes in the SRCD spectrum of Monensinate anion were monitored upon addition of lanthanide(III) ions. The antibiotic undergoes formation of one neutral ([Ln(Mon)3(H2O)3]) and two positively charged complex species of composition [Ln(Mon)2(H2O)2]+ and [Ln(Mon) (H2O)]2+, respectively (Ln = La3+, Nd3+). Neutral complexes were isolated as fine powders and were characterized by IR, FAB-MS and ESI-MS. It is assumed that Monensin acts in bidentate coordination mode via monodentate carboxylate moiety and hydroxyl group, both located at the opposite ends of antibiotic molecule.

Activity of Monensic acid and [Ln(Mon)3(H2O)3] to decrease visible bacteria growth of B. subtilis, S. Lutea and B. mycoides was evaluated by agar hole diffusion method. Results showed that complexation of lanthanide(III) ions to Monensin enhances the activity of non-coordinated ligand.

Antitumor efficacy of compounds was assayed on human triple negative breast cancer and transplantable sarcoma in rat. The cytotoxicity was accessed by MTT test, NR uptake, CV assay and double AO/PI staining. Experimental data revealed that Monensic acid and [Ln(Mon)3(H2O)3] possess concentration- and time-dependent activity, and express promising cytotoxic properties against human and rat permanent cancer cell lines.
Phytochemistry and toxicological assessment of Bryonia dioica roots used in north-African alternative medicine
Authors: Bourhia Mohammed , Bari Ahmed , Ali Syed Saeed , Benbacer Laila , khlil Naima
Published: January 2020

To investigate the phytochemical composition, acute and sub-acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of B. dioica roots. The phytochemical analysis was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of B.dioica roots was assessed in mice with single doses ranging from 250 to 1000 mg/kg for 14 days. The sub-acute toxicity was carried out with repeated doses ranging from 64.5 to 250 mg/kg for 28 days. Histopathological changes and markers of renal and liver function were investigated. The results of GC-MS analysis showed the presence of interesting phytoconstituents. The clinical symptoms and mortalities that occurred in treated mice were more remarkable due to the increasing sample concentration of the studied extract. However, no mortalities, or histopathological, or biochemical disturbances were observed even at the maximal dose administered (250 mg/kg). The outcome of the present work suggests that the treatment of animals with single doses of B. dioica roots extract higher than 250 mg/kg produces significant toxicities, however, treatment with repeated doses up to 250 mg/kg for 28 days seems to be safe for animals.
Optimization of chromatographic systems for analysis of selected psychotropic drugs and their metabolites in serum and saliva by HPLC in order to monitor therapeutic drugs
Authors: Wróblewski K. , Petruczynik A. , Tuzimski T. , Prajsnar K. , Przygodzka D. , Buszewicz G. , Karakuła-Juchnowicz H. , Róg J. , Morylowska-Topolska J. , Waksmundzka-Hajnos M.
Published: January 2020

Retention, separation selectivity and system efficiency of selected basic psychotropic drugs (clozapine, aripiprazole, vortioxetine and zolpidem) and drug metabolites (desmethylclozapine, clozapine N-oxide and dehydroaripiprazole) on Hydro RP, Phenyl-Hexyl and Polar RP columns were studied. Mobile phases containing methanol or acetonitrile as organic modifiers, acetate buffer at pH 3.5 and addition of diethylamine (DEA) as a silanol blocker were applied. Significant differences in the retention, peak shapes and systems’ efficiency of the investigated compounds were obtained depending on the tested chemically bonded stationary phases with various ligands. Based on the obtained results the Phenyl-Hexyl column was selected for analysis of the drugs and their metabolites in human serum and saliva samples. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was applied for sample pre-treatment. The best SPE-HPLC-DAD procedure was used for simultaneous analysis of clozapine, aripiprazole and their metabolites in body fluids. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was applied for confirmation of the presence of the investigated compounds in biological samples. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of clozapine obtained using the proposed method was 10 ng/mL. The validated method for determining the presence of clozapine and its main metabolite was successfully applied in therapeutic drug monitoring.
Embodiment and Emergence: Navigating an Epistemic and Metaphysical Dilemma
Authors: Reynolds Jack
Published: January 2020

In this paper, I consider a challenge that naturalism poses for embodied cognition and enactivism, as well as for work on phenomenology of the body that has an argumentative or explanatory dimension. It concerns the connection between embodiment and emergence. In the commitment to explanatory holism, and the irreducibility of embodiment to any mechanistic and/or neurocentric construal of the interactions of the component parts, I argue there is (often, if not always) an unavowed dependence on an epistemic and metaphysical role for emergence, especially concerning certain embodied capacities (motor-intentionality, know-how, skilful habits, affordances, etc.). While the problem of emergence is standardly dismissed as a problem for phenomenology, which brackets away the kind of materialist (and scientific) picture from which reflection on emergence derives, I argue that once a phenomenologist takes a fully-fledged embodied turn, they also have a genuine dilemma of emergence to confront, and I evaluate the relevant options.
Circling the Reality of Public Institutions: An e-Delphi Study of Information, Culture, and Community Stakeholders Voicing the Way Forward in Detroit, Michigan
Authors: Welch Celeste
Published: January 2020

Information, culture, and memory centers are increasingly anchored to urban redevelopment projects within historically marginalized communities challenged by contemporary social and economic disparity. This paper situated libraries, archives, and museums within a sociocultural context to examine the role of cultural heritage institutions in gentrification. Librarians, archivists, curators, and community advocates in Detroit, Michigan shared their viewpoints and experiences of gentrification. Using a modified Delphi process, respondents explored the need for policy, service delivery, and programming assessment in a city of color at-risk to gentrification-induced displacement.

This mixed research study was implemented using a concurrent triangulation design. A three-round e-Delphi survey (round one: n = 32; round two: n = 31; round three: n = 30) was conducted from May 2017 to August 2017. A panel of experts was selected composed of information, culture, and community workers who practiced: (a) at an anchor institution; (b) in a neighborhood undergoing gentrification; or (c) with community members seeking to stay put in transitioning neighborhoods. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed using inductive analysis and descriptive statistics. A nonparametric statistical test, Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance (W), measured the extent of agreement among the e-Delphi panelists’ rankings of issues and recommendations (identified by the panel members) regarding the role of cultural heritage institutions in gentrification and displacement.

Thirty panel members (93%) in the first round of the survey indicated that it was important for cultural heritage institutions to assess if revitalization partnerships contributed to gentrification-induced displacement. The panel generated 25 propositions in the second round of survey, which they ranked in the third and final round of the survey. Kendall’s W for the rank ordering of the five most important issues (W = 0.008; X2 = 15.815; df = 6; p = 0.015) and ten most important recommendations (W = 0.050; X2 = 24.467; df = 17; p = 0.085) indicated a very weak level of agreement. The implication of this finding suggested a need for further exploration. This study adds to the global investigation on the role of cultural heritage institutions in gentrification and displacement and contributes to an emerging body of knowledge in cultural heritage informatics in the U.S.
Coupled system of a fractional order differential equations with weighted initial conditions
Authors: El-Sayed Ahmed M. A. , Abd El-Salam Sheren A.
Published: January 2020

Here, a coupled system of nonlinear weighted Cauchy-type problem of a diffre-integral equations of fractional order will be considered. We study the existence of at least one integrable solution of this system by using Schauder fixed point Theorem. The continuous dependence of the uniqueness of the solution is proved.
A preconditioned AOR iterative scheme for systems of linear equations with L-matrics
Authors: Wang Hongjuan
Published: January 2020

In this paper we investigate theoretically and numerically the new preconditioned method to accelerate over-relaxation (AOR) and succesive over-relaxation (SOR) schemes, which are used to the large sparse linear systems. The iterative method that is usually measured by the convergence rate is an important method for solving large linear equations, so we focus on the convergence rate of the different preconditioned iterative methods. Our results indicate that the proposed new method is highly effective to improve the convergence rate and it is the best one in three preconditioned methods that are revealed in the comparison theorems and numerical experiment.
On a fixed point theorem with application to functional equations
Authors: Nazam Muhammad , Arshad Muhammad , Park Choonkil , Mahmood Hasan
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this paper is to study behavior of a rational type contraction introduced in [A fixed point theorem for contractions of rational type in partially ordered metric spaces, Ann. Univ. Ferrara, 2013, 59, 251–258] in context of ordered dualistic partial metric spaces and to investigate sufficient conditions for the existence of a fixed point in this space. These results extend various comparable results, existing in the literature. We give examples to explain our findings. We apply our result to prove the existence of the solution of functional equation.
Frequency Domain Causality Relationship Analysis Between Poverty, Economic Growth and Financial Development in Algeria
Authors: Hicham Ayad , Mostefa Belmokaddem , Eddin Sari Hassoun Salah
Published: January 2020

Since the previous periods, poverty reduction has been a big concern for many countries especially in developing countries like Algeria; in this paper, we shall explore the causal relationship between poverty reduction, economic growth and financial development in Algeria during the period of 1970-2017, the aim of this research is to answer the question which sector causes the poverty reduction: real sector or financial sector? Therefore, we employed the modern frequency domain causality presented by Breitung and Candelon (2006) with a comparison with the time domain causality under Lutkepohl (2006) procedure, the results suggest that there is unidirectional causality running from the real sector (economic growth) to poverty rates in the short and long run terms, also, we found that there is an unidirectional causality running from the financial sector to poverty rates only in the long run term, while another causality running from poverty rates to the financial sector but in the short run term. This article aims at contributing to enlarge the literature review by utilizing the frequency domain causality in the field of poverty studies because of its effectiveness to test the causalities in different frequencies.
Potential Impact of Virtual Touching on Endowment and Feelings of Ownership. A Literature Review of Concepts and Scales
Authors: Ştir Mihaela , Zaiţ Adriana
Published: January 2020

Online sales increase at incredible paces, all over the world, and so are corresponding marketing efforts. One of the main deterrents of online selling is related to the impossibility of trying or touching products before taking the decision to buy. Previous studies on offline environments have proved that touching products makes people develop a feeling of ownership, a psychological sense of property that has positive consequences on their intention and decision to buy those products. Similar effects, adapted for the online environments, were less investigated, but the very few existent studies suggest that virtually touching a product through tactile interfaces (smartphone, iPad, tablet etc.) could be as important for consumer decisions as the content of the site and product information. Virtual touching could serve as emotional triggers, leading to feelings of ownership and endowment effects in online marketing. However, defining the concept of “virtual touching” is difficult – even the simple association of “touch” and “virtual” seems oximoronic.

The purpose of the present study – a literature review type – is to investigate the tactile based creative online marketing, in order to conceptualize and operationalize the variable „virtual touching”, thus being able to further suggest a research design which would enable us to measure the impact of online „touching” on consumer behaviour. The main analysed constructs related to virtual touching are: endowment effect, psychological ownership, haptic advertising, sensory online marketing, haptic imagery, haptic technology, reverse electrovibration.
Actin-Binding Protein Cortactin Promotes Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Supporting Leukocyte Infiltration into the Central Nervous System
Authors: Samus Maryna , Li Yu-Tung , Sorokin Lydia , Rottner Klemens , Vestweber Dietmar
Published: January 2020

Leukocyte entry into the central nervous system (CNS) is essential for immune surveillance but is also the basis for the development of pathologic inflammatory conditions within the CNS, such as multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The actin-binding protein, cortactin, in endothelial cells is an important player in regulating the interaction of immune cells with the vascular endothelium. Cortactin has been shown to control the integrity of the endothelial barrier and to support neutrophil transendothelial migrationin vitroandin vivoin the skin. Here we use cortactin gene-inactivated male and female mice to study the role of this protein in EAE. Inducing EAE by immunization with a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG35–55) revealed an ameliorated disease course in cortactin gene-deficient female mice compared with WT mice. However, proliferation capacity and expression of IL-17A and IFNγ by cortactin-deficient and WT splenocytes did not differ, suggesting that the lack of cortactin does not affect induction of the immune response. Rather, cortactin deficiency caused decreased vascular permeability and reduced leukocyte infiltration into the brains and spinal cords of EAE mice. Accordingly, cortactin gene-deficient mice had smaller numbers of proinflammatory cuffs, less extensive demyelination, and reduced expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines within the neural tissue compared with WT littermates. Thus, cortactin contributes to the development of neural inflammation by supporting leukocyte transmigration through the blood–brain barrier and, therefore, represents a potential candidate for targeting CNS autoimmunity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMultiple sclerosis is an autoimmune neuroinflammatory disorder, based on the entry of inflammatory leukocytes into the CNS where these cells cause demyelination and neurodegeneration. Here, we use a mouse model for multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and show that gene inactivation of cortactin, an actin binding protein that modulates actin dynamics and branching, protects against neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Leukocyte infiltration into the CNS was inhibited in cortactin-deficient mice, and lack of cortactin in cultured primary brain endothelial cells inhibited leukocyte transmigration. Expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the CNS and induction of vascular permeability were reduced. We conclude that cortactin represents a novel potential target for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Maternal Experience-Dependent Cortical Plasticity in Mice Is Circuit- and Stimulus-Specific and Requires MECP2
Authors: Lau Billy Y.B. , Krishnan Keerthi , Huang Z. Josh , Shea Stephen D.
Published: January 2020

The neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome is caused by mutations in the geneMecp2. Misexpression of the protein MECP2 is thought to contribute to neuropathology by causing dysregulation of plasticity. Female heterozygousMecp2mutants (Mecp2het) failed to acquire a learned maternal retrieval behavior when exposed to pups, an effect linked to disruption of parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneurons (PV) in the auditory cortex. Nevertheless, how dysregulated PV networks affect the neural activity dynamics that underlie auditory cortical plasticity during early maternal experience is unknown. Here we show that maternal experience in WT adult female mice (WT) triggers suppression of PV auditory responses. We also observe concomitant disinhibition of auditory responses in deep-layer pyramidal neurons that is selective for behaviorally relevant pup vocalizations. These neurons further exhibit sharpened tuning for pup vocalizations following maternal experience. All of these neuronal changes are abolished inMecp2het, suggesting that they are an essential component of maternal learning. This is further supported by our finding that genetic manipulation of GABAergic networks that restores accurate retrieval behavior inMecp2hetalso restores maternal experience-dependent plasticity of PV. Our data are consistent with a growing body of evidence that cortical networks are particularly vulnerable to mutations ofMecp2in PV neurons. Moreover, our work links, for the first time, impairedin vivocortical plasticity in awakeMecp2mutant animals to a natural, ethologically relevant behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRett syndrome is a genetic disorder that includes language communication problems. Nearly all Rett syndrome is caused by mutations in the gene that produces the protein MECP2, which is important for changes in brain connectivity believed to underlie learning. We previously showed that femaleMecp2mutants fail to learn a simple maternal care behavior performed in response to their pups' distress cries. This impairment appeared to critically involve inhibitory neurons in the auditory cortex called parvalbumin neurons. Here we record from these neurons before and after maternal experience, and we show that they adapt their response to pup calls during maternal learning in nonmutants, but not in mutants. This adaptation is partially restored by a manipulation that improves learning.
Blockage of NMDA- and GABA(A) Receptors Improves Working Memory Selectivity of Primate Prefrontal Neurons
Authors: Rodermund Paul , Westendorff Stephanie , Nieder Andreas
Published: January 2020

The ongoing activity of prefrontal neurons after a stimulus has disappeared is considered a neuronal correlate of working memory. It depends on the delicate but poorly understood interplay between excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory GABAergic receptor effects. We administered the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 and the GABA(A) receptor antagonist bicuculline methiodide while recording cellular activity in PFC of male rhesus monkeys performing a delayed decision task requiring working memory. The blockade of GABA(A) receptors strongly improved the selectivity of the neurons' delay activity, causing an increase in signal-to-noise ratio during working memory periods as well as an enhancement of the neurons' coding selectivity. The blockade of NMDA receptors resulted in a slight enhancement of selectivity and encoding capacity of the neurons. Our findings emphasize the delicate and more complex than expected interplay of excitatory and inhibitory transmitter systems in modulating working memory coding in prefrontal circuits.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOngoing delay activity of prefrontal neurons constitutes a neuronal correlate of working memory. However, how this delay activity is generated by the delicate interplay of synaptic excitation and inhibition is unknown. We probed the effects of excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in regulating delay activity in rhesus monkeys performing a delayed decision task requiring working memory. Surprisingly, the blockade of both glutamatergic NMDA and GABA(A) receptors improved neuronal selectivity of delay activity, causing an increase in neuronal signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, individual neurons were similarly affected by blockade of both receptors. This emphasizes the delicate and more complex than expected interplay of excitatory and inhibitory transmitter systems in modulating working memory coding in prefrontal circuits.
Blocking the Thrombin Receptor Promotes Repair of Demyelinated Lesions in the Adult Brain
Authors: Yoon Hyesook , Choi Chan-Il , Triplet Erin M. , Langley Monica R. , Kleppe Laurel S. , Kim Ha Neui , Simon Whitney L. , Scarisbrick Isobel A.
Published: January 2020

Myelin loss limits neurological recovery and myelin regeneration and is critical for restoration of function. We recently discovered that global knock-out of the thrombin receptor, also known as Protease Activated Receptor 1 (PAR1), accelerates myelin development. Here we demonstrate that knocking out PAR1 also promotes myelin regeneration. Outcomes in two unique models of myelin injury and repair, that is lysolecithin or cuprizone-mediated demyelination, showed that PAR1 knock-out in male mice improves replenishment of myelinating cells and remyelinated nerve fibers and slows early axon damage. Improvements in myelin regeneration in PAR1 knock-out mice occurred in tandem with a skewing of reactive astrocyte signatures toward a prorepair phenotype. In cell culture, the promyelinating effects of PAR1 loss of function are consistent with possible direct effects on the myelinating potential of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), in addition to OPC-indirect effects involving enhanced astrocyte expression of promyelinating factors, such as BDNF. These findings highlight previously unrecognized roles of PAR1 in myelin regeneration, including integrated actions across the oligodendrocyte and astroglial compartments that are at least partially mechanistically linked to the powerful BDNF-TrkB neurotrophic signaling system. Altogether, findings suggest PAR1 may be a therapeutically tractable target for demyelinating disorders of the CNS.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTReplacement of oligodendroglia and myelin regeneration holds tremendous potential to improve function across neurological conditions. Here we demonstrate Protease Activated Receptor 1 (PAR1) is an important regulator of the capacity for myelin regeneration across two experimental murine models of myelin injury. PAR1 is a G-protein-coupled receptor densely expressed in the CNS, however there is limited information regarding its physiological roles in health and disease. Using a combination of PAR1 knock-out mice, oligodendrocyte monocultures and oligodendrocyte-astrocyte cocultures, we demonstrate blocking PAR1 improves myelin production by a mechanism related to effects across glial compartments and linked in part to regulatory actions toward growth factors such as BDNF. These findings set the stage for development of new clinically relevant myelin regeneration strategies.
A mouse model of gestation-specific transient hyperglycemia for translational studies
Authors: Li H Y , Liu Y X , Harvey L , Shafaeizadeh S , van der Beek E M , Han W
Published: January 2020

The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is estimated at 14% globally, and in some countries, such as Singapore, exceeds 20%. Both women and children exposed to GDM have an increased risk of later metabolic diseases, cardiovascular disease and other health issues. Beyond lifestyle changes and pharmaceutical intervention using existing type 2 diabetes medications for expecting women, there are limited treatment options for women with GDM; targeting better outcomes of potentially affected infants is unexplored. Numerous animal models have been generated for understanding of pathological processes of GDM development and for development of treatment strategies. These models, however, suffer from limited windows of opportunity to examine risk factors and potential intervention options. By combining short-term high-fat diet (HFD) feeding and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) treatments before pregnancy, we have established a mouse model with marked transient gestation-specific hyperglycemia, which allows testing of nutritional and pharmacological interventions before, during and beyond pregnancy.