bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METTL3 regulates autophagy of hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes by targeting ATG7
Authors: Li Linnan , Cheng Hao , Zhou Yufei , Zhao Di , Zhang Xiaoxue , Wang Yajun , Ma Jianying , Ge Junbo
Published: February 2025

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA modification is the most common mRNA internal modification in eukaryotes, which participates in a variety of biological processes. However, the role of m6A methylation in regulating autophagy induced by ischemia and hypoxia remains to be widely investigated. Here, we investigated the impact of METTL3, a key m6A methyltransferase, on the autophagy regulation in ischemic and hypoxic cardiomyocytes, as well as in mice following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METTL3 negatively regulated autophagy in cardiomyocytes under ischemia and hypoxia conditions. Silencing METTL3 enhanced autophagy and mitigated cardiomyocyte injury, whereas overexpression of METTL3 exerted the opposite effect. Mechanistically, METTL3 methylated ATG7 mRNA, a crucial autophagy-related gene, leads to the recruitment of the m6A-binding protein YTHDF2. Subsequently, YTHDF2 facilitated the degradation of ATG7 mRNA, consequently inhibiting autophagy and exacerbating cellular damage. Our study shed light on the pivotal role of METTL3-mediated m6A modification in the regulation of autophagy during AMI, providing novel insights into the functional significance of m6A methylation and its regulatory mechanisms.
The ubiquitin ligase Pellino1 targets STAT3 to regulate macrophage-mediated inflammation and tumor development
Authors: Hwang Soeun , Park Junhee , Koo Seo-Young , Lee Si-Yeon , Jo Yunju , Ryu Dongryeol , Go Heounjeong , Lee Chang-Woo
Published: February 2025

Receptor-mediated signaling could be modulated by ubiquitination of pathway intermediates, but the role of such modification in the pathogenesis of inflammation and inflammation-related cancer is lesser known. The ubiquitin ligase Pellino1 has been shown to modulate immune signals by enabling various immune cells to respond to their receptor signals effectively. Here, we show that Pellino1 levels are elevated in patients with colitis, patients with colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC), and murine models of these conditions. In a monocyte-specific Pellino1 knock-out mouse model, we find reduced macrophage migration and activation, leading to attenuated development of colitis and CAC in male mice. Mechanistically, Pellino1 targets STAT3 for lysine 63-mediated ubiquitination, resulting in pathogenic activation of STAT3 signaling. Taken together, our findings reveal a macrophage-specific ubiquitination signaling axis in colitis and CAC development and suggest that Pellino1 is a potential candidate for treating chronic inflammation and inflammation-related cancer.
Tailored topotactic chemistry unlocks heterostructures of magnetic intercalation compounds
Authors: Husremović Samra , Gonzalez Oscar , Goodge Berit H. , Xie Lilia S. , Kong Zhizhi , Zhang Wanlin , Ryu Sae Hee , Ribet Stephanie M. , Fender Shannon S. , Bustillo Karen C. , Song Chengyu , Ciston Jim , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Ophus Colin , Jozwiak Chris , Bostwick Aaron , Rotenberg Eli , Bediako D. Kwabena
Published: January 2025

The construction of thin film heterostructures has been a widely successful archetype for fabricating materials with emergent physical properties. This strategy is of particular importance for the design of multilayer magnetic architectures in which direct interfacial spin-spin interactions between magnetic phases in dissimilar layers lead to emergent and controllable magnetic behavior. However, crystallographic incommensurability and atomic-scale interfacial disorder can severely limit the types of materials amenable to this strategy, as well as the performance of these systems. Here, we demonstrate a method for synthesizing heterostructures comprising magnetic intercalation compounds of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), through directed topotactic reaction of the TMD with a metal oxide. The mechanism of the intercalation reaction enables thermally initiated intercalation of the TMD from lithographically patterned oxide films, giving access to a family of multi-component magnetic architectures through the combination of deterministic van der Waals assembly and directed intercalation chemistry.
Versatile nitrate-respiring heterotrophs are previously concealed contributors to sulfur cycle
Authors: Shao Bo , Xie Yuan-Guo , Zhang Long , Ruan Yang , Liang Bin , Zhang Ruochen , Xu Xijun , Wang Wei , Lin Zhengda , Pei Xuanyuan , Wang Xueting , Zhao Lei , Zhou Xu , Wu Xiaohui , Xing Defeng , Wang Aijie , Lee Duu-Jong , Ren Nanqi , Canfield Donald E. , Hedlund Brian P. , Hua Zheng-Shuang , Chen Chuan
Published: January 2025

Heterotrophic denitrifiers play crucial roles in global carbon and nitrogen cycling. However, their inability to oxidize sulfide renders them vulnerable to this toxic molecule, which inhibits the key enzymatic reaction responsible for reducing nitrous oxide (N2O), thereby raising greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we applied microcosm incubations, community-isotope-corrected DNA stable-isotope probing, and metagenomics to characterize a cohort of heterotrophic denitrifiers in estuarine sediments that thrive by coupling sulfur oxidation with denitrification through chemolithoheterotrophic metabolism. Remarkably, ecophysiology experiments from enrichments demonstrate that such heterotrophs expedite denitrification with sulfur acting as alternative electron sources and substantially curtail N2O emissions in both organic-rich and organic-limited environments. Their flexible, non-sulfur-dependent physiology may confer competitive advantages over conventional heterotrophic denitrifiers in detoxifying sulfide, adapting to organic matter fluctuations, and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Our study provides insights into the ecological role of heterotrophic denitrifiers in microbial communities with implications for sulfur cycling and climate change.
Nucleus pulposus cell network modelling in the intervertebral disc
Authors: Tseranidou Sofia , Segarra-Queralt Maria , Chemorion Francis Kiptengwer , Le Maitre Christine Lyn , Piñero Janet , Noailly Jérôme
Published: January 2025

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) results from an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic processes in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Due to complex biochemical interactions, a comprehensive understanding is needed. This study presents a regulatory network model (RNM) for nucleus pulposus cells (NPC), representing normal intervertebral disc (IVD) conditions. The RNM includes 33 proteins, and 153 interactions based on literature, incorporating key NPC regulatory mechanisms. A semi-quantitative approach calculates the basal steady state, accurately reflecting normal NPC activity. Model validation through published studies replicated pro-catabolic and pro-anabolic shifts, emphasizing the roles of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in ECM regulation. This IVD RNM is a valuable tool for predicting IDD progression, offering insights into ECM degradation mechanisms and guiding experimental research on IVD health and degeneration.
TRα1 mutant suppresses KLF9 to cause endometrial metaplasia with ectopic IL-33 expression leading to uterine fibrosis and infertility
Authors: Edmondson Elijah , Kimura Takahito , Hwang Eunmi , Kim Minjun , Warner Andrew , Zhu Yuelin , Zhao Li , Yu Yanlin , Zhu Xuguang , Hernandez Maria , Kedei Noemi , Cheng Sheue-yann
Published: January 2025

Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) mediate the genomic actions of thyroid hormone. Mutations of THRA gene cause a human disease known as resistance to thyroid hormone (RTHα). We created a mouse model expressing a dominant negative mutated TRα1 (Thra1PV/+ mice) that exhibits growth retardation, bone abnormalities, constipation, and anemia, as found in RTHα patients. In addition, female Thra1PV/+ mice exhibit decreased fertility. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the molecular events leading to infertility. Histologically, there was progressive uterine atrophy in Thra1PV/+ mutant mice, characterized by squamous metaplasia of the endometrial mucosa and endometrial fibrosis. RNA-seq analysis of laser-captured micro-dissected endometrium and spatial transcriptomics revealed a key role for Krüppel-like factor (Klf9), a directly-regulated TR target gene, in normal endometrial differentiation. Klf9 was suppressed in the endometrium of mice harboring mutated TRα1 and pathway analysis revealed that deficient Klf9 signaling was associated with squamous differentiation, consistent with the endometrial metaplasia observed histologically. Further, we showed that this metaplastic endometrial mucosa was the source of ectopic IL-33, which was associated with increased T-cell infiltrates, destruction of glands, and endometrial fibrosis. Our studies provide new insights to understand uterine epithelial morphogenesis and how thyroid dysfunction could lead to female infertility.
Real-time discrimination of earthquake signals by integrating artificial intelligence technology into IoT devices
Authors: Geng Zhi , Wang Yanfei , Pan Wenyong , Yu Caixia , Bai Zhijing , Zhang Hongzhou
Published: January 2025

The real-time detection and analysis of seismic signals is crucial in geophysics research, especially when it comes to monitoring catastrophic events. We present an evolutionary deep learning method that yields a model named MCU-Quake. This model encodes the discrimination process as a single numerical value, offering interpretability with only 2693 parameters. Trained on raw seismic waveforms from Utah, USA, MCU-Quake demonstrates its generalization capability across a global natural earthquake dataset. Notably, the model effectively identifies typical explosions during the Russia-Ukraine war in Europe. The knowledge to discriminate between ambient noise, explosions and natural earthquakes can be represented by values of −5.01 (std: 1.14), 1.96 (std: 0.36), 1.01 (std: 0.49), respectively. The model can be deployed on Internet of Things (IoT) devices, including most microcontrollers, which are constrained by limited computational resources (kilo-bytes of memory) and energy consumption (micro-Watts). The results indicate the prospect of on-site missions of artificial intelligent sensors.
Electrochemical decarboxylation of medium-chain fatty acids into hydrocarbons controlled by the polymer coatings on carbon-based electrodes
Authors: Zhang Dian , Hu Tiantian , Ren Dezhang , Yang Jian , Lin Fan , Li Zichen , Huo Zhibao
Published: February 2025

Electrochemical synthesis of hydrocarbons from medium-chain carboxylic acids is controlled by the structure and hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of the electrode binder coatings.
Yttrium aluminum garnet fluorescent conversion films for solid-state lighting: interface reaction synthesis strategy and modulation of warm white light
Authors: Zeng Haoxuan , Chen Taihui , Guo Yongping , Wu Xiaoli
Published: January 2025

YAG:Ce,Pr films were prepared by a novel interface reaction between a sapphire substrate and a precursor film. The resulting YAG:Ce,Pr film can be pumped by a blue chip to achieve white emission.
Immobilization of horseradish peroxidase on UiO-66-NH2 for colorimetric and fluorometric sensing of nitrite
Authors: Fu Zuyao , Yang Lingfeng , Ding Zhaoyang , Xie Jing
Published: January 2025

Development of a colorimetric and fluorometric dual-mode sensor using HRP immobilized on UiO-66-NH2, leveraging the enzyme's catalytic efficiency and the fluorescence properties of the MOF.
On the nature of high-spin forms in the S2 state of the oxygen-evolving complex
Authors: Mermigki Markella Aliki , Drosou Maria , Pantazis Dimitrios A.
Published: January 2025

Candidate models for the high-spin forms of the S2 state of the oxygen-evolving complex are evaluated using multilayer DFT/xTB simulations, explaining how their magnetic, spectroscopic, and energetic properties align with experimental observations.
Multi-orbital engineering of single-atom catalysts: unlocking high-efficiency nitrate reduction
Authors: Wu Chun , Shen Yanqing , Lv Lingling , Meng Xianghui , Yang Xin , Wang Xinyu , Jiang Xiangqian , Ai Qing , Shuai Yong , Zhou Zhongxiang
Published: January 2025

The crucial role of heteroatom doping-induced coordination symmetry breaking in SACs is reported and provides vital insights into the impact of coordination microenvironments on electrocatalytic mechanisms and the rational design of NO3RR catalysts.
A more random and secure image encryption method: a novel true random number generator based on a W/Ta2O5/Ag memristor
Authors: Wang Yucheng , Duan Weiqin , Meng Jiayi , Zhang Wenyi , Liu Zhuoran , Guo Dingyun , Lv Zhengqi , Yu Jiangang , Guan He
Published: February 2025

A true random number generator (TRNG) based on a W/Ta2O5/Ag memristor was developed, which achieved image encryption of MNIST handwritten digits. This method effectively disrupts the pixel correlation of the original image.
Self-trapped exciton luminescence of tellurium doped zero-dimensional tetraethyl tin chloride for optical thermometry
Authors: Chen Chen , Yu Hailong , Qi Hongbo , Dong Gaoke , Li Jing , Yang Gang , Wu Wenzhi
Published: February 2025

Te4+ doped (TEA)2SnCl6 MCs were synthisized by solvothernal method for the first time, of which structure was obtained by crystal/DFT. Maximium absolute/relative temperature sensitivities reach 0.57% K−1 and 1 × 10−2 K−1 for optical thermometry.
Advancing skin cancer detection integrating a novel unsupervised classification and enhanced imaging techniques
Authors: Rahman Md. Abdur , Fahad Nur Mohammad , Raiaan Mohaimenul Azam Khan , Jonkman Mirjam , De Boer Friso , Azam Sami
Published: February 2025

Skin cancer, a severe health threat, can spread rapidly if undetected. Therefore, early detection can lead to an advanced and efficient diagnosis, thus reducing mortality. Unsupervised classification techniques analyse extensive skin image datasets, identifying patterns and anomalies without prior labelling, facilitating early detection and effective diagnosis and potentially saving lives. In this study, the authors aim to explore the potential of unsupervised learning methods in classifying different types of skin lesions in dermatoscopic images. The authors aim to bridge the gap in dermatological research by introducing innovative techniques that enhance image quality and improve feature extraction. To achieve this, enhanced super‐resolution generative adversarial networks (ESRGAN) was fine‐tuned to strengthen the resolution of skin lesion images, making critical features more visible. The authors extracted histogram features to capture essential colour characteristics and used the Davies–Bouldin index and silhouette score to determine optimal clusters. Fine‐tuned k‐means clustering with Euclidean distance in the histogram feature space achieved 87.77% and 90.5% test accuracies on the ISIC2019 and HAM10000 datasets, respectively. The unsupervised approach effectively categorises skin lesions, indicating that unsupervised learning can significantly advance dermatology by enabling early detection and classification without extensive manual annotation.
Study on optimisation methods for production processes of composite insulator sheath and GRP rod
Authors: Luo Haowen , Zhang Sida , Cheng Li , Li Zhiyi
Published: February 2025

Water diffusion significantly contributes to the abnormal heating in composite insulators. At the same time, the material performance shortcomings caused by the composite insulator production process can further increase water diffusion. To optimise the production process of composite insulators to prevent or reduce such abnormal heating, the fillers of the composite insulator sheath and the production of glass‐fibre‐reinforced plastic (GRP) rods are analysed. Based on the water absorption model of the sheath and the fibre infiltration model of the rod, it is identified that the flame retardant particle size is a factor that affects the water absorption of the sheath, whereas the epoxy resin liquid viscosity and the fibre volume fraction are factors that affect the porosity of the GRP rod. The experimental results show that the use of modified large‐particle‐size flame retardants can reduce the water absorption rate of the sheath, whereas low‐viscosity liquids and high‐fibre volume fractions can reduce the porosity of the GRP rod. The sheath and GRP rod produced using the optimised process continue to meet the standards.
Assessment of Occupational Radiation Exposure Among Various Medical Professions in Interventional Cardiology: A Five-Year Study (2018-2022)
Authors: M  , Almalki  , Shubayr N. , Alkabkabi A. , Aldosari A. , Aldawood S.
Published: February 2025

Background: Occupational radiation exposure in medical settings is a growing concern, especially in interventional cardiology. This study aims to assess the occupational radiation exposure among medical personnel in interventional cardiology from 2018 to 2022.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the annual mean effective doses (AMED) and the average over a five-year period (MED-5y) among various medical professionals, including anesthesiologists, cardiologists, nurses, radiologists, and radiologic technologists. The effective doses were estimated using thermoluminescent dosimeters and analyzed to compute the AMED and MED-5y. Statistical significance was determined using T-tests and ANOVA, with subsequent Tukey Post-Hoc Tests for specific group comparisons.
Results: The AMED varied significantly among professions, with cardiologists experiencing the highest exposure (3.469 ± 7.81 mSv in 2022). An overall increase in AMED doses was observed from 2018 to 2022. The results of the T-Test showed a significant difference in the radiation exposure across the years under study (p < .001). The MED-5y were anesthesiologists (0.62 ± 0.30), cardiologists (3.23 ± 7.37), nurses (1.17 ± 0.56), radiologic technologists (1.13 ± 0.38), and radiologists (0.86 ± 0.26). The study also found significant differences in MED-5y across professions (F = 14.8, p < .001). Gender-based analysis indicated significant differences in MED-5y, particularly among nurses and radiologists.
Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the annual effective dose received by anesthesiologists, cardiologists, nurses, radiologists, and radiologic technologists was below the recommended occupational dose limit of 20 mSv per year, as stipulated by both national and international standards.
Management of Posterior Cervical Epidural Abscess Complicated by Non-Communicating Tetra-Ventricular Hydrocephalus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Boris Gbassara Koulagna , Djoubairou Ben Ousmanou , Figuim Bello , Poulenc Njofang Teto , Mathieu Motah , Vdp Djientcheu
Published: January 2025

Background Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is an uncommon condition, especially in children. Its occurrence in the cervical spine, particularly without significant osseous involvement, is exceedingly rare. We report a case of non-communicating tetra-ventricular hydrocephalus associated with a posterior cervical epidural abscess. The condition was managed with surgical drainage, specific antibiotics, and ventriculoperitoneal shunting.

Case Description A 15-year-old female presented with a history of posterior cervical abscess drainage. Bacteriological findings revealed two microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and tuberculosis) despite initial improvement following surgical intervention and antibiotic therapy, the patient experienced a recurrence of symptoms, including fever and deterioration in consciousness. Imaging revealed a tetra ventricular hydrocephalus, prompting urgent ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. Subsequent treatment with anti-tuberculous therapy and vancomycin led to favorable outcomes.

Conclusion SEA poses diagnostic and management challenges, particularly in resource-limited settings. Prompt recognition, appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and surgical intervention are crucial for favorable outcomes. Consideration of tuberculous and S. epidermidis etiology, even in atypical presentations, is essential.
Synthesis of N-containing halogenated synthons by surfactant-mediated direct vicinal difunctionalization of alkenes in aqueous medium
Authors: KHAMARUI SAIKAT
Published: January 2025

In an aqueous medium, this metal-free and benign strategy enables direct installation of C-N and C-X bonds into olefins is achieved using organic Lewis acid, PhIO. The surfactant-mediated vicinal difunctionalization leads to the synthesis of N-tosyl-1,2-bromoamines and 1,2-bromoazides with good regio- and stereoselectivity. This strategy provides a straight-forward route to sugar-based chiral and functionally diverse synthones, which hold great promise for applications in pharmaceutical chemistry.
Comparison of Graft Uptake in Perforated Eardrums with and without Myringosclerosis: A Prospective Case-control Study in a Tertiary Centre
Authors: Rehman Ayaz , Deva Faizah Ashfah Latief , Wani Asef Ahmad , Masoodi Majid , Malik Bashir , Makhdoomi Owais
Published: February 2025

Introduction Various factors have been reported to affect the rates of success after tympanoplasty, among them, myringosclerosis. However, there are few studies focusing only on the effect of myringosclerotic plaque removal on tympanoplasty outcomes.

Objective To compare the outcome of tympanoplasty in perforated eardrums with and without myringosclerosis.

Methods The study included patients aged between 21 and 53 years diagnosed at the outpatient department with inactive mucosal chronic otitis media. The sample was divided into the case group, which included subjects with tympanic membrane perforation and myringosclerosis, and the control group, which included subjects with tympanic membrane perforation only, without myringosclerosis. We assessed the audiological findings of the patients before and after surgery, as well as hearing gain, graft uptake, and residual perforation/reperforation.

Results No significant relationships were observed involving the age or sex of the patient and the closure rate or hearing gain, neither between the location of the perforation and graft uptake. Graft uptake was higher in patients with perforation size < 50%. The graft uptake and hearing gain were higher in the case group.

Conclusion The removal of sclerotic plaques increases the surface of the raw area created by subepithelial excision of the myringosclerotic plaques, leading to a high rate of surgical success for the closure of tympanic membrane defects with coexisting myringosclerosis.
Safety of Abemaciclib in Indian Patients with Hormone Receptor-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Locally Advanced and/or Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Multicenter, Nonrandomized, Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase 4 Study
Authors: Doval Dinesh Chandra , Maksud Tanveer , Nagarkar Rajnish , Thunagappa Satheesh Chiradoni , Taran Rakesh , Prasad Saurabh , Manoharan Anoop T. , Jain Minish , Mehta Dhruv , Mohapatra Prabrajya Narayan , Gupta Sachin , Singh Kritarth Naman , Pruthi Aarohan , Arora Rohit
Published: February 2025

Background Global phase III trials demonstrated efficacy of abemaciclib in patients with HR +/HER2– metastatic breast cancer (BC) as a first-line therapy in combination with a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor (MONARCH-3) or with fulvestrant following progression after endocrine therapy (ET) (MONARCH-2). However, there is limited data on safety and tolerability of abemaciclib plus ET in the metastatic BC setting among Indian patients, which the present study aims to address.

Materials and Methods An open-label, single-arm, phase IV study was conducted across 16 centers in India to assess the safety and tolerability of abemaciclib in patients with HR +/HER2– locally advanced or metastatic BC. Patients were assigned to either cohort A, ET-naive patients (abemaciclib + anastrozole/letrozole) or cohort B, patients progressing after previous ET (abemaciclib + fulvestrant), targeting the same patient population as the global phase III MONARCH-3 and MONARCH-2 trials, respectively. Primary endpoints were all-cause adverse events (AEs) including serious AEs (SAEs).

Statistical Analysis The statistical analysis was conducted using SAS Version 9.4.

Results Two hundred patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 54 years, most (77.0%) were aged ≤ 65 years. The median duration of exposure was similar in both cohorts (cohort A vs. B: 24.3 vs. 24.4 weeks). Overall, 75.5 % of patients reported all-cause AEs, of which 38.5% of the patients reported AEs Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 3 and above. The most common grade 3 and above all-cause AEs for abemaciclib were neutropenia (19.0%), followed by anemia (14.0%) and diarrhea (5.5%). Fourteen (7.0%) patients encountered SAEs, including infections (2.0%) and gastrointestinal disorders (1.5%). Most of the patients continued their treatments with appropriate dose reductions (25.5%) and dose omissions (40.5%), and only 2.5% of patients discontinued study treatment due to treatment-related AEs.

Conclusion Abemaciclib in combination with ET was found to have an acceptable tolerability in Indian patients with HR +/HER2– advanced and metastatic BC, consistent with the established safety data as reported in the pivotal global studies. No new clinical safety concerns were identified, with most of the reported AEs and SAEs managed by dose adjustments.
Dynamics of inhomogeneous excitations in the one-dimensional isotropic X – Y model of spin S = 1/2
Authors: Berim G. O.
Published: February 2025

Exact results for the dynamics of the one-dimensional isotropic X – Y model have been obtained under the condition of spatial inhomogeneity of the initial state. It is shown that the form of the initial state considerably affects the evolution of the spin system.
Interaction of transverse sound with spiral waves in compensated metals
Authors: Zimbovskaya N. A. , Okulov V. I.
Published: February 2025

It is shown that a high-frequency transverse sound propagating in a compensated metal along a strong magnetic field can interact with the spiral waves predicted by Kaner and Skobov; the conditions for existence of such waves can be observed in tungsten and molybdenum. Expressions for the wave vectors of circularly polarized waves are obtained in the region of resonance interaction. The form of resonance field dependences is determined by three parameters characterizing the shape of the Fermi surface, the magnitude of deformation potential, and the electron relaxation time.
Anisotropy in the g-factors of conduction electrons in bcc transition metals (vanadium, niobium, and tantalum)
Authors: Savchenko N. V. , Grechnev G. E. , Svechkarev I. V.
Published: February 2025

The Zeeman splitting for conduction electrons in transition d-metals (vanadium, niobium, and tantalum) is investigated theoretically by the RLMTO method. The results of calculation and averaging of g-factors are presented, together with the results of analysis of their stability to variations of the density of states, and also the results of calculation of the enhancement of the Zeeman splitting of levels due to electron-electron interaction. The orbit-averaged g-factors display anisotropy on the octahedral O2 hole sheet of the Fermi surface of the second band. The results of calculations are compared with experimental results and with the results obtained by other authors. Some general regularities in the behavior of the g-factors for all transition d-metals of the cubic structure are formulated.
On the theory of nonlinear electrical conductivity of superconducting point contacts containing magnetic impurities
Authors: Beloborod’ko S. I. , Omel’yanchuk A. N.
Published: February 2025

The nonlinear electrical conductivity of superconducting S–c–N point contacts containing magnetic impurities is investigated. It is shown that the temperature dependence of excess current changes from the root to a linear mode for T→Tc with increasing concentration of magnetic impurities. At the same time, the singularity on the nonlinear conductivity of the contact is blurred and shifted towards lower energies. In the gapless case, the excess current remains nonzero, but is not determined any longer by the energy gap width which is equal to zero in this region.
A sticking predictor construction and evaluation method for drill tools sticking prediction
Authors: Wu Honglin , Wang Zhongbin , Si Lei , Zou Xiaoyu , Gu Jinheng , Wei Dong , Tan Chao
Published: January 2025

The construction and evaluation of the sticking predictor are the basis of drill tool sticking prediction. This paper proposes a method to construct and evaluate the sticking predictor for rod-deflection sticking accidents. First, one uses various feature extraction methods to extract the sticking features from the sticking signal. Second, we introduce the Mann–Kendall method to test the obtained feature parameters and select the feature parameters that can reflect and track the sticking evolutionary trend. Third, the sticking predictor is constructed by calculating the weight values of the screened features. Finally, to test the effectiveness of the sticking predictor, we propose the sticking predictor evaluation model. The experimental result shows that the constructed sticking predictor in this paper is superior to other input features and provides a reference for predicting sticking accidents in engineering practice.
Enhanced SOC estimation method for lithium-ion batteries using Bayesian-optimized TCN–LSTM neural networks
Authors: Hu Taotao , Zhu Xiting , Tian Maokai
Published: January 2025

Lithium-ion battery state-of-charge (SOC) estimation is crucial for enhancing the safety and performance of battery management systems and prolonging battery lifespan. However, the nonlinear dynamics of battery charging and discharging processes pose significant challenges for achieving accurate SOC estimation. To address this, a novel Bayesian-optimized temporal convolution network (TCN)–long short-term memory (LSTM) network is proposed, combining temporal convolution network (TCN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) to enhance SOC estimation accuracy. This study leverages the CALCE dataset and employs the random forest algorithm for dimensionality reduction, selecting voltage, discharge capacity, and discharge energy as key input features. The TCN is utilized to extract temporal features of the battery parameters, while the LSTM network captures long-term dependencies in sequential data. This study uses Bayesian optimization to fine-tune the hyperparameters of the TCN–LSTM model, ensuring optimal performance. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, achieving a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.996, a mean absolute error of 0.146%, and a root mean square error of 0.207%. Comparative analyses with other SOC estimation methods and additional datasets further validate the robustness, accuracy, and generalizability of the Bayesian-optimized TCN–LSTM network.
The effect of clearance variation on the aeroelastic stability of labyrinth seal
Authors: Zheng Yun , Wu Yongxin , Yang Hui , Dong Hongrui
Published: January 2025

In turbomachinery, the labyrinth seal is commonly employed to address the leakage issues. It is susceptible to aeroelastic instability because of its low stiffness, large radius, and thin walls. This study utilizes an in-house three-dimensional compressible flow multidisciplinary coupled solver (HGAE) and employs the energy method to investigate the impact of seal clearance variations on the aeroelastic stability. Initially, an analysis was conducted for the first time to quantitatively evaluate the aerodynamic work of each fin. The first fin is prone to breakage due to its greatest aerodynamic work. Subsequently, a comprehensive assessment and enhancement to alleviate vibration problems caused by flutter were undertaken. Simultaneously, increasing the each seal clearance cannot effectively solve the problem of aeroelastic instability. Concurrently, this will induce a marked degradation in aerodynamic performance. Increasing the clearance of the first fin will lead to a significant increase in the aerodynamic work of the second fin. Proposing an improvement strategy to this method, an optimal combination of seal clearances is obtained. The structure exhibits commendable aerodynamic and aeroelastic performance. Ultimately, building upon the pattern of influence exerted by the seal clearance on the aeroelastic stability, an innovative simplified structure is proposed. It sets the minimum seal clearance at the support position, and the seal clearances on the high-pressure side are consistent, which is easy to achieve in engineering, and can effectively prevent the friction problem. This structure has demonstrated an aerodynamic damping value that is four times higher than that of the structures improved upon in the literature.
Inverse magnetocaloric effect and magneto electric coupling near room temperature in nanoparticles of Y2FeCrO6 double perovskite
Authors: Pushpanjali Patra K , Ravi S.
Published: January 2025

We have opted auto combustion method to prepare single phase nanoparticles of Y2FeCrO6 double perovskite. From the structural studies, we found that at room temperature the sample forms an orthorhombic structure with the Pnma space group. The nanoparticle formation of the sample is confirmed by the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy/Transmission Electron Microscopy measurements with an average particle size of 67 nm. Magnetization vs temperature measurements at different applied fields in this sample indicate that the Néel temperature is above 300 K. This material also shows negative magnetization up to a maximum applied field of 3 kOe with a maximum compensation temperature of 192 K. A brief study on the magnetocaloric effect and dielectric properties has been reported. Magnetic entropy change is observed in the wide temperature range including close to room temperature and its magnitude is quite small, i.e., with a maximum value of 0.08 J/kg K. In addition, the presence of inverse as well as normal magnetocaloric effect near compensation temperature has been observed. A magneto-electric coupling around 327 K has been observed and is confirmed by the brief study on dielectric and impedance spectroscopy.
Design and study of valveless piezoelectric pump with streamlined chamber fishtail-type bluff body
Authors: Tian Xiaochao , Wang Zhenming , Yang Kai , Bai Yang , Dai Yingyu , Niu Defeng , Zhong Zhicheng
Published: January 2025

To enhance the flow rate of a valveless piezoelectric pump and improve the stability of the fluid flow, a valveless piezoelectric pump with a streamlined chamber fishtail-type bluff body (VPFB) is proposed. Compared with the traditional conical chamber, the streamlined chamber reduces the generation of eddy currents and energy loss, increasing the output efficiency of the piezoelectric pump. On the other hand, the fishtail-type bluff body increases the resistance when the fluid flows in the reverse direction, reducing the backflow. First, the three-dimensional model of VPFB is designed and theoretically analyzed based on the piezoelectric inverse effect and fluid dynamics to derive the expression of the relationship affecting the flow rate of the piezoelectric pump. Second, the finite element method is used to analyze the flow field and pressure of VPFB. Finally, the prototype is made, and the experimental platform is built to test the output performance of VPFB. The experimental results show that the output flow rate of VPFB is 27.1 ml/min when the driving voltage is 150 V and the driving frequency is 50 Hz, which is 8% higher compared with the traditional triangular bluff body piezoelectric pump. The fishtail-type bluff body is optimized with parameters, and the maximum output flow rate of the designed piezoelectric pump is 44.18 ml/min when the height is 2 mm. When changing its length to 4 mm, the pump output flow rate can reach 45.51 ml/min. The streamlined chamber proposed in this paper provides a new idea in the research field of valveless piezoelectric pumps.
A comparison between ShapeFit compression and Full-Modelling method with PyBird for DESI 2024 and beyond
Authors: Lai Y. , Howlett C. , Maus M. , Gil-Marín H. , Noriega H.E. , Ramírez-Solano S. , Zarrouk P. , Aguilar J. , Ahlen S. , Alves O. , Aviles A. , Brooks D. , Chen S. , Claybaugh T. , Davis T.M. , Dawson K. , de la Macorra A. , Doel P. , Forero-Romero J.E. , Gaztañaga E. , Gontcho S.Gontcho A. , Honscheid K. , Juneau S. , Landriau M. , Manera M. , Miquel R. , Mueller E. , Nadathur S. , Niz G. , Palanque-Delabrouille N. , Percival W. , Poppett C. , Rezaie M. , Rossi G. , Sanchez E. , Schubnell M. , Sprayberry D. , Tarlé G. , Vargas-Magaña M. , Verde L. , Yuan S. , Zhou R. , Zou H.
Published: January 2025

DESI aims to provide one of the tightest constraints on cosmological parameters by analysing the clustering of more than thirty million galaxies. However, obtaining such constraints requires special care in validating the methodology and efforts to reduce the computational time required through data compression and emulation techniques. In this work, we perform a rigorous validation of the PyBird power spectrum modelling code with both a traditional emulated Full-Modelling approach and the model-independent ShapeFit compression approach. By using cubic box simulations that accurately reproduce the clustering and precision of the DESI survey, we find that the cosmological constraints from ShapeFit and Full-Modelling are consistent with each other at the ∼ 0.5σ level for the ΛCDM model. Both ShapeFit and Full-Modelling are also consistent with the true ΛCDM simulation cosmology down to a scale of k
max = 0.20 hMpc-1 even after including the hexadecapole. For extended models such as the wCDM and the oCDM models, we find that including the hexadecapole can significantly improve the constraints and reduce the modelling errors with the same k
max. While their discrepancies between the constraints from ShapeFit and Full-Modelling are more significant than ΛCDM, they remain consistent within 0.7σ. Lastly, we also show that the constraints on cosmological parameters with the correlation function evaluated from PyBird down to s
min = 30h
-1Mpc are unbiased and consistent with the constraints from the power spectrum.
Preparation of CaSrSiOx: nCe4+ luminous material with rice husk as the silicon source
Authors: Li Haocheng
Published: January 2025

Rice husk ash is the product of rice husk combustion, and its output is quite large. Currently, its direct applications based on physical adsorption and high activity are widespread, but studies on using the main component of rice husk ash, silicon dioxide (SiO2), as a silicon source to prepare luminescent materials to enhance its value are relatively rare. Therefore, this paper utilizes the silica in rice husk ash to prepare luminescent materials, aiming to achieve high-value utilization of waste and environmental protection. In this experiment, rice husk ash was used as a silicon source to prepare CaSrSiOx (x=3,4): nCe4+ materials. The results show that the concentration of Ce ions has no significant effect on the crystal structure of the material. When the calcination temperature is 1000°C and the concentration of %Ce4+ is 1 mol%, the luminescent effect is optimal, and blue light is emitted under 375 nm light excitation. The concentration of Ce4+ and the calcination temperature have little impact on the CIE chromaticity coordinates of the phosphor.
Dynamic characterization of shock absorbers: A study of its impact on road noise
Authors: Xu Jingchao , Huang Jianfeng , Zhang Zhida , Tang Huanqiu
Published: January 2025

It is known to all that shock absorbers have great impacts on the NVH [1] performance of automobiles. This paper focuses on the dynamic characterization and its impact on road noise of automotive shock absorbers. Firstly, we developed a series of testing methods to find out the working displacement of shock absorbers and the dynamic parameters of shock absorbers. At last, road noise sensitivity of these parameters was conducted to identify the influencing factors on road noise tuning. It shows the equivalent stiffness and damping of the shock absorber’s dynamic characteristics.
A study on the adjustable dual-frequency sound absorber based on hybrid digital-analog shunt loudspeakers
Authors: Xu Yubing , Liu Jiachen , Cong Chaonan
Published: January 2025

Numerous huge devices, such as transformers and air compressors, generate noise comprising multiple frequencies. The shunt loudspeaker is comprising a loudspeaker linked to a shunt circuit. Nevertheless, the majority of shunt circuits use analog circuits, leading to poor stability and precision due to the negative impedance converter and parasitic resistance of analog electronic components. To solve this problem, this paper introduces an absorber that leverages a hybrid digital-analog shunt loudspeaker. The shunt circuit allows for the regulation of acoustic impedance via three digital filter parameters, irrespective of the cavity depth. The feasibility is proved by numerical simulations and experiments.
An experimental study on the velocity field in a mixed-flow fan
Authors: Gu Xiaojiang , Xu Chen , Hu Zhixin , Ou Chunshan , Mao Yijun
Published: January 2025

This study investigates velocity characteristics inside the mixed-flow fan through experimental measurements. The velocity is collected using a hot-wire anemometer and validated against Large Eddy Simulations (LES). The turbulence scales and the power spectral density (PSD) of the velocity fluctuations are analyzed under different operating conditions. The results show how fan operating conditions affect the integral length scale and the dissipation length scale. In addition, the applicability of the energy spectrum previously proposed by the authors for different operating conditions is further validated.
Oil displacement mechanism of foam at micro pore-throat structure
Authors: Zhao Dongfeng , Yin Dandan
Published: January 2025

The 3D visualization model filled with glass beads was adopted to study the microscopic seepage characteristic of foam in the porous medium. Otherwise, the ultraviolet fluorescence microscopic remaining oil analysis technology was adopted to study the driving remaining oil of foam with different sizes. The results show that there are two fluid transport laws of foam–the plugging of pore throats caused by a single bubble or by multiple bubbles. If the diameter of a single bubble is larger than that of a pore throat, it would block the pore throat. The bubble can be transferred or segmented into smaller ones to get through the pore throat under sufficient driving force. When the bubble is smaller than the pore throat, it mainly has three seepage forms– foam migrates in a string shape under low velocity; while a bridge pile is formed by foam in the entrance of the throat at high velocity; small bubbles absorbed on the wall surface of pore. The displacement experiment revealed that the bubbles with smaller sizes have stronger activation capability for activating remaining oil with cluster shape and corner shape than the bubbles with larger sizes, and the smaller the bubble size is, the stronger the microscopic spreadability it has.
Activated carbon of lokta paper for low-cost counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Joshi Prakash , Khadka Omkar , Nakarmi Mim Lal
Published: January 2025

Carbon, synthesized by carbonization of Zncl2 activated Lokta paper at 800 °C, was investigated as a counter electrode (CE) material to replace platinum in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Structural and elemental composition of the activated carbon were analyzed with x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. N2 adsorption–desorption experiment revealed porous surface of the sample with total pore volume of 0.9042 ccg−1. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of the carbon was 1372 m2g−1. The ability of the activated carbon of transferring electrons to the tri-iodide ions in the electrolyte at the catalyst-electrolyte interface was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of symmetrical dummy cells. Charge transfer resistance of the activated carbon coated electrode was comparable to that of platinum coated electrode indicating comparable catalytic ability of the carbon to platinum. Efficiency of the DSCs with the activated carbon and platinum were 5.12% and 5.58%, respectively. Comparable efficiencies of the solar cells indicate applicability of the Lokta-based activated carbon as an efficient and low-cost CE material.
Life Is Great and the Community Imperative
Authors: Boyd Neil
Published: January 2025

The book turns to academic and professional considerations of the importance of community at work. Large numbers of employees are unhappy with their work and work contexts. People are searching for ways to live fulfilling lives in organizations. Many managers are searching for ways to stimulate production and employee well-being and satisfaction. Popular press literature is calling for the development of communities at work. Recent scholarship has caught up to these calls, and a new science of community at work exists to help managers and employees reach their goals. Developing communities at work is an important activity that managers need to consider.
The Autoethnographic Stance
Authors: Queloz Matthieu
Published: January 2025

This chapter argues that addressing the authority question in the way that matters requires one to adopt a distinctive stance towards our concepts: the autoethnographic stance. The possibility of taking up this stance whereby we disengage ourselves from the concepts we normally use in an engaged way is crucial to achieving critical distance towards our concepts. After bringing out the importance of this distinction between engaged and disengaged concept use, it is shown how a variety of tempting philosophical errors can be traced to conflations of these two aspects: when the autoethnographic stance reveals the reasons we perceive to depend on the concepts we use, notably, it becomes tempting to insert that dependence into the content of our thoughts making engaged use of those concepts. Finally, a discussion of the nature of concepts shows that conceptual ethics is compatible even with a picture of concepts as immutable abstracta.
Crisis of the Mind and Spirit
Authors: Trencsényi Balázs
Published: January 2025

This chapter analyzes the modalities of the crisis discourses that thematized the predicament of the “European Mind” after the First World War. It looks at texts by authors from various national contexts, marked by different cultural and political dynamics and facing different challenges (France, Spain, Germany, Romania, Yugoslavia, etc.), but still participating in a transnational conversation on the decline and possible recovery of European civilization. It seeks also to shed light on the multiplicity of political orientations to which these cultural–philosophical crisis discourses could be linked, thus arguing against the assumption (usually connected to the figure of Oswald Spengler) that these discourses were by default tied to profoundly anti-liberal and autocratic ideological projects. The last section of the chapter analyzes various texts, stemming from different denominational backgrounds, on the crisis of spirituality and religiosity and points out the continuous importance of the notion of crisis (which had a pre-modern theological connotation as well, referring to the Last Judgment) in this context as well.