bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma (Giant Cell Type) in an Angora Cat
Authors: Yumusak Nihat , Calıskan Murat , Kutsal Osman
Published: January 2019

This case study presents the radiological,
cytopathological and histopathological description of the giant cell type of a
malignant fibrous histiocytoma on the back of a 9-year-old female Angora cat. Latero-lateral
and ventro-dorsal thoracic radiographs was taken to evaluate invasion. Radiologically
the mass was invasive but had not invaded the bone. Under general anaesthesia,
cytopathological samples were taken from the tumour, using the Fine-Needle
Aspiration Cytology (FNAC)
technique, and were later stained with May-Grünwald Giemsa solution. The
surgically extracted biopsy sample was subjected to routine tissue processing
and stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin (HE). The biopsy material was 8x6x6 cm and
95 g, was covered by skin, multilobulary appearance and hard consistency.
Cross-sections was greyish white and necrotic appearance. Cytopathological
examination revealed the presence of numerous histiocyte- or fibrocyte-like
cells of anaplastic character and pleomorphic shape, which were associated with
giant cells with multiple nuclei and a broad and vacuolar cytoplasm.
Histological examination demonstrated the presence of histiocyte-like atypical
cells arranged in the form of swirls and extending in various directions, or
numerous giant cells with 8 to 12 nuclei and a broad cytoplasm situated in
between connective tissue cells.
Şanlıurfa Yöresi Ankara Tiftik ve Halep Keçi Irklarına Ait Bazı Biyokimyasal Kan Parametreleri ile Malondialdehit Düzeylerinin Tespiti
Authors: Gürgöze Sema , Gökalp Esra
Published: January 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı
Ankara Tiftik ve Halep ırkı keçilere ait kan örneklerinde bazı biyokimyasal
parametreler ile malondialdehit düzeylerinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmada, Şanlıurfa
ili Eyyübiye merkez ilçesinde yetiştirilen iki farklı işletmedeki 6 aylık,
klinik olarak sağlıklı, 46 adet Ankara Tiftik ve 48 adet Halep ırkı keçi
kullanıldı. Bu hayvanlara ait serum örneklerinde Alkalen fosfataz (ALP), Alanin
transaminaz (ALT), Aspartat transaminaz (AST), kolesterol, kreatinin, glikoz,
total protein, trigliserit, üre, kalsiyum (Ca), sodyum (Na), potasyum (K),
fosfor (P), magnezyum (Mg) ve malondialdehit (MDA) düzeyleri ölçüldü. Kan
serumu biyokimyasal değerleri bakımından Ankara keçilerinde kolesterol (P<0.05),
kreatinin (P<0.001), glukoz (P<0.01), total protein (P<0.01), Ca (P<0.001),
K (P<0.001) ve Mg (P<0.05) düzeylerinin Halep keçilerine göre
istatistiksel açıdan önemli derecede yüksek olduğu saptandı. Sonuç olarak,
ölçülen biyokimyasal parametreler bakımından ırk farklılıklarının dikkate
alınması gerektiği kanısına varıldı.
Mardin’de Satışa Sunulan Geleneksel Fermente Sucukların Bazı Mikrobiyolojik ve Kimyasal Özellikleri
Authors: Gürbüz Semra , Çelikel Güngör Aslı
Published: January 2019

Bu çalışma, Mardin
ilinde küçük kasap dükkânlarında geleneksel yöntemle üretilerek satışa sunulan
sucukların bazı mikrobiyolojik ve kimyasal özelliklerinin incelenmesi amacıyla
yapılmıştır. Mardin şehir merkezindeki kasaplardan satın alınan 32 adet sucuk
örneği test materyali olarak kullanılmıştır. Mikrobiyolojik analizlerde 24 (%75)
örnekte Staphylococcus-Micrococcus
tespit edilmiştir. Toplam mezofilik aerob bakteri, koliform grubu, maya-küf ile
Staphylococcus-Micrococcus sayılarının
ortalaması sırasıyla 4.72x109kob/g, 6.86x107kob/g,
1.60 x107 kob/g and 7.10x104kob/g
olarak tespit edilmiştir. Kimyasal analizler sonucunda örneklerin nem, yağ,
protein oranları ile pH seviyesi ise sırasıyla %36.95, %30.71, %19.53, 5.54 olarak
saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmada elde edilen mikrobiyolojik analiz sonuçları diğer
bazı araştırmacıların sonuçlarına göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Kimyasal analiz
sonuçlarına göre, incelenen örneklerin %90.62’si rutubet/et proteini oranı,
%93.75’i yağ/et proteini oranı, % 37.50’si rutubet içeriği ve %50’si pH değeri
açısından Et ve Et Ürünleri Tebliğine ve/veya TS Türk Sucuğu Standardına uygun
bulunmuştur. Standardize edilmemiş metot ile kontrolsüz koşullarda üretilen
geleneksel fermente sucukların kalitesinin yükseltilmesi için işletmelerin çok
iyi denetlenmesi ve iyi kalitede üretim konusunda bilinçlendirilmeleri önem
taşımaktadır.
Akrep Antivenomunun İmmunassay Yöntem Üzerindeki İnterferans Etkisinin Deneysel Araştırılması
Authors: Gönel Ataman
Published: January 2019

Skorpionizmde
özgün tedavi yöntemi antivenom kullanımıdır. Antivenomların klinik olarak
alerjik reaksiyonlara yol açtığı bilinse de antikor özelliğinden dolayı
immunassay ölçüm yöntemlerinde oluşturabileceği interferans etkisi bilinmemektedir.
İmmunassay metotlar hormon, kardiyak markır, tümör markırı ve pek çok büyük
moleküllü parametrenin ölçülmesinde kullanılmaktadır. Birçok çalışmada farklı
antikorların neden olduğu interferans gösterilmiş fakat aynı durumun antivenomlar
tarafından da olabileceği gösterilmemiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı akrep
antivenomunun immunassay yöntemde interferans oluşturma potansiyelinin deneysel
olarak araştırılmasıdır. Bu çalışmada akrep antivenomunun 23 adet immunassay test üzerindeki interferans etkileri incelendi. Çalışma
sonucunda serbest T3 seviyesi yüksek titre antivenomda %13.09’luk bir sapma
gösterdi. Fertilite testlerinden progesteron seviyesi düşük titrede %10.58 oranında,
testosteron seviyesi %14.57 oranında negatif interferansa uğramıştır. Parathormon
seviyelerinde düşük ve yüksek titre antivenom maruziyetinde %11-16 arasında
negatif interferans gözlenmiştir. Kütle kreatin kinaz MB testi %7.35-21.58
oranında negatif interferansa, troponin I testi %3-8.9 oranında pozitif
interferansa uğramıştır. Özellikle
kardiyak testlerin yanlış negatif bulunması kardiyak komplikasyonların
atlanmasına neden olacağından hayati öneme sahiptir. Tümör markırları içinde en
çok negatif interferansa maruz kalan test %28.65-28.9 oranı ile kanser antijeni
19-9 oldu. Çoğu klinisyen tarafından bilinmeyen interfernas etki immunassay
testlerde hatalı ölçüme neden olabilecek birer risk faktörüdür. Tedavi
sırasında oluşabilecek bu tür durumlarla karşılaşmamak için hastane bilgi
yönetim sistemleri ile klinisyenler önceden uyarılabilir. İnterferansın neden
olduğu hatalı test sonuçları malpraktislerle karşılaşma riskini arttırmaktadır.
Sonuç olarak klinisyenler immunassay tekniklerden daha iyi yöntemler bulunana
kadar laboratuvar testlerini değerlendirirken interferansa karşı dikkatli
olmalıdır.
Serological Investigation of Equine Viral Arteritis Infection in Donkeys and Horses in the Eastern Anatolia Region
Authors: Gür Sibel , Gürçay Metin , İrehan Bünyamin , Turan Turhan
Published: January 2019

In this study, equine viral arteritis (EVA)
infection was serologically investigated in adult horses (n=193) and donkeys (n=227) in five different
localizations in Elazig and Tunceli provinces, Eastern Anatolia Region. As
result of indirect ELISA, positivity in horses was 15% (29/193) in total,
ranged from 6.5% and 24.3%. The average value for donkeys was 8.3% (19/227), the
rates varied between 2.4% and 14.2%. The mean age of the sampled horses and
donkeys was 7.4 and 13.2, respectively, while the mean age of the seropositives
was 7.1 and 11.8. Statistical analysis showed no correlation in the donkeys
between sex and infection exposure, but there was a significant correlation in
gender in horses. This is the first report on EVA in the studied provinces. Considering
focused animal population and sampling criteria, determining of positivity in
all the studied localizations shows that the infection has been potential for
the spread in the future.
Şanlıurfa Doğal Barınak Besiciliğinde Zeolit Mineralinin Hayvan Refahı Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Aksoy Gürbüz , Avcı Mehmet , Biricik Halil Selçuk , Kaplan Oktay , Yertürk Muğdat
Published: January 2019

Sunulan çalışmada; Şanlıurfa yöresinde yaygın bir
şekilde yapılan doğal barınak/mağara besiciliğinde hayvan refahının
iyileştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda; Şanlıurfa yöresi mağara
hayvancılığında yeme katılan ve altlık olarak kullanılan Zeolit mineralinin kan
serumu ve rumen parametreleri, hayvanların canlı ağırlıkları ve ahır havası üzerine
etkisi araştırıldı. Çalışma; mağara şartlarında sığır besiciliği yapılan
işletmelerde yürütüldü. Her birinde 40-50 baş kültür melezi ve 1-1.5 yaşları
arasında sağlıklı erkek besi sığırı bulunan, 40 mağara kullanıldı. Bu
mağaralar; her bir grupta 10 adet mağara olacak şekilde toplam 4 gruba ayrıldı.
Kontrol grubunda, yemlerine zeolit katılmadı, altlık olarak zeolit
kullanılmadı. Grup I’de altlık olarak zeolit kullanıldı, yemlerine zeolit
katılmadı. Grup 2’de, yem katkısı olarak %2 zeolit içeren rasyon uygulandı,
altlık olarak zeolit kullanılmadı. Grup 3’te ise hem %2 zeolit içeren rasyon
uygulandı, hem de altlık olarak zeolit kullanıldı. Her gruptan 10 hayvan olmak
üzere, toplam 40 hayvanda kan serumu biyokimyasal analizleri (total protein,
üre, kolesterol, trigliserit, NEFA (Esterleşmemiş
yağ asitleri), Ca, P, Mg, Na, K), rumen sıvısı analizleri (uçucu yağ
asitleri, amonyak, pH) ve ahır amonyak gazı ölçümleri yapıldı. Deneme ortası ve
sonunda rumen sıvısı amonyak düzeyi Grup 2 ve 3’te, rumen pH’sı ise Grup 3’te
belirgin derecede düştü. Deneme ortası ve sonunda Grup 2’de serum kolesterol ve
fosfor, Grup 3’te ise serum potasyum düzeyinde azalma gözlendi. Mağara ortamı
amonyak gazı değerleri açısından Grup 1 ve 3’te, Kontrol ve Grup 2’ye göre
azalma görüldü. Böylece, Grup 1 ve 3’te ahır kokusu önemli derecede azaldı
(P<0.01). Sonuç olarak, besi sığırlarında yem katkı maddesi ve altlık olarak
kullanılan zeolitin incelenen hematolojik ve biyokimyasal parametreler
açısından önemli düzeyde bir değişiklik yapmadığı; hayvanların sağlığı, canlı
ağırlıkları, ahır havası ve kokusuna olumlu etki yaparak hayvan refahına
katkısı olduğu belirlendi.
Buzağılarda Doğum Sırasında ve Sonrasında Şekillenen Kırık Olgularının ve Sağaltım Yöntemlerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Yurdakul İbrahim
Published: January 2019

Bu çalışmada; 2016-2018
yılları arasında kliniklerimize kırık şikayeti ile getirilmiş farklı yaş, ırk
ve cinsiyetteki buzağıların doğum sırasında veya sonrasında şekillenen kırık
olguları ile bu kırıkların sağaltım yöntemlerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Toplam
28 buzağıda kırık tespit edildi. Cinsiyete göre kırık olgularının erkeklerde (%64.29);
dişilere (%35.71) oranla daha fazla görüldüğü belirlendi. Irklara göre kırık
olgularına en fazla Simental (%53.57) ırk buzağılarda rastlandı. Buzağılarda
tespit edilen olguların 16’sının (%57.14) doğum sırasında, 12’sinin (%42.86)
ise doğum sonrası düşme, vurma gibi travmalara bağlı oluştuğu belirlendi. Kırık
olguları içerisinde en çok metakarpus kırıklarına (%32.14) rastlandı; bunu
metatarsus (%17.86), tibia (%17.86), femur (%10.71), mandibula (%10.71),
humerus (%7.14) ve scapula (%3.57) kırıkları izledi. Sağaltım amacıyla
konservatif olarak toplam 10 olguya polivinil klorür (PVC) destekli alçılı bandaj,
5 olguya PVC destekli bandaj, operatif olarak 6 olguya intramedüller pin, 3
olguya intramedüller pin ve serklaj uygulaması, 3 olguya akrilik eksternal
fiksasyon ve 1 olguya ise sadece serklaj teli kullanılarak fiksasyon uygulandı.
Sonuç olarak, hayvan sahiplerinin güç doğum olgularına müdahale etmemeleri,
buzağıların doğumdan sonra travmalara maruz kalmamaları için belli bir döneme
kadar gereken koruyucu önlemleri almaları, buzağılarda şekillenen kırık
olgularına ampirik yöntemlerle müdahale etmemeleri ve en kısa sürede bir veteriner
hekime başvurmaları konusunda bilinçlendirilmeleri gerektiği kanısına varıldı.
Broiler Piliçlerde A Vitamin Yokluğunda Patolojik Bulgular
Authors: Çevik Aydın
Published: January 2019

Bu çalışmada rasyonlardaki A vitamini (vit. A)
yokluğuna ilgili olarak, broiler piliçlerde şekillenen makroskobik ve
mikroskobik lezyonlar incelendi. Bu amaçla 20 kontrol, 20 deneme olmak üzere
toplam 40 adet bir günlük broiler civciv kullanıldı. Kontrol grubuna uygun
15.000 IU/kg vit. A içeren rasyon verilirken, deneme grubuna vit. A içermeyen
aynı rasyon verildi. Deneme süresinin sonunda, vit. A içermeyen rasyonla
beslenen piliçlerde klinik olarak gelişim geriliği, zayıflık ve halsizlik görüldü.
Makroskobik olarak üst solunum ve sindirim kanalı mukozasının renginde
matlaşma, bursa Fabricius’ta (b. Fabricius) büyüme, mukoza üzerinde beyazımsı yapışkan
bir materyalin bulunduğu gözlendi. Mikroskobik olarak üst solunum yolları ve
sindirim kanalı mukoza epitelinde dejenerasyon, nekroz ve deskuamasyon, müköz
bezlerde metaplazi ve keratinizasyon tespit edildi. Bursa Fabricius’ta
interfoliküler ödem ve metaplazi gözlendi. Sonuç olarak; vit. A yetersizliğinin
civcivlerde solunum, sindirim ve b. Fabricius’ta metaplaziye neden olduğu ve bu
bulguların teşhiste yararlı olacağı kanaatine varılmıştır.
Pathomorphologic Characteristics of Non-Neoplastic Lesions in Bovine Urinary Bladders
Authors: Keles Hikmet , Bozkurt Mehmet Fatih , Ozyıldız Zafer , Alcıgır Mehmet Eray
Published: January 2019

Non-neoplastic epithelial and
stromal changes might be prognostic in early phase of premalignant neoplastic
developments of urinary bladder. In this regard, diagnosis and histological classification
of these lesions give valuable knowledge for prevention and treatment in both
human and veterinary medicine. In Turkey, bovine urinary bladder lesions have
been encountered in great ratio even though the small numbers of cases have been
observed in other animals. According to our great experiences and field-studies
for years concentrating on the topic, inflammatory and neoplastic of
pathologies in urinary bladders might be easily developed after long term Bracken
fern-consuming cattle. In current study, non-neoplastic cases including mainly
epithelial, stromal, vascular, and inflammatory characteristic lesions were
identified and described separately. Degenerative, desquamative, cystic,
hyperplastic, and metaplastic lesions were found prominently in urinary bladder
epithelium. Consecutive lesions comprised stromal changes and vascular lesions
characterized with circulatory problems. Accompanying those, remarkable mononuclear
cell infiltrations were found in a lot of cases. In conclusion, such kind of non-neoplastic
lesions at least should be considered as important as neoplastic lesions
because the lesions can have a risk in course of premalignant neoplastic
transformation.
Probiyotik Etkili Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15707’nin, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213’e İn-vitro Etkisinin Real-Time PCR Yöntemi ile İncelenmesi
Authors: Yiğin Akın , Demirci Mehmet
Published: January 2019

Staphylococcus aureus, kommensal bir bakteri olarak hem insanla birlikte
yaşayan, hem de uygun fırsatı bulduğunda ciddi fırsatçı enfeksiyonlara neden
olabilen önemli bir patojendir. Bifidobacterium
cinsi bakteriler probiyotik olarak kullanılan ana mikroorganizmalardır. Bu
cinslere ait çok sayıda türün, konağın sağlığını iyileştirmede güvenli ve
etkili olduğu bildirilmiştir. Bizim çalışmamızın amacı, probiyotik etkili Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15707’nin, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213’e suşları
üzerine etkisinin Real-Time PCR yöntemi ile araştırmaktır. 3 tane brain–heartin
fusion broth (Oxoid) besiyeri içeren  tüp
hazırlandı. Tüm tüplere 103 CFU/mL olacak şekilde Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213
kökeninden ilave edildi. 1. tüp kontrol olarak kalırken, 2. tüpe 103
CFU/mL olacak şekilde, 3. tüpe de 106 CFU/mL olacak şekilde Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15707 kökeni
ilave edildi. İnkübasyonun 6., 12., 24. saatlerinde tüplerden alınan
numunelerden DNA izolasyonu yapıldı ve bu numunelerden LightCycler 480
sisteminde Real-Time PCR ile kantitatif olarak S. aureus miktarları saptandı. Birinci tüpte 6. saatte 523.333+8993
kopya/mL düzeyinde saptanan S. aureus,
farklı tüplerde sırasıyla 103 ve 106 CFU/mL miktarlarında
B. longum kökeni ile birlikte inkübe
edildiğinde bu miktarların düştüğü olduğu bulundu. Sonuç olarak, çalışmamızda,
probiyotik etkili Bifidobacterium longum’un,
Staphylococcus aureus’un in vitro
ortamda üremesini etkilediği ve bakteri sayısının etki düzeyini arttırdığı
saptanmıştır. Probiyotiklerin etkilerinin gnotobiyotik hayvan modellerinde veya
daha kapsamlı çalışmalarla incelenerek, ilaç dirençlerinin çok yoğunlaştığı
günümüzde, önemli patojenlere karşı antimikrobiyal olarak yarar sağlayabileceği
düşüncesindeyiz.
Güncel Politikalar Çerçevesinde Kent İçi Karayolu Trafik Güvenliği
Authors: KAVSIRACI Ozan
Published: January 2019

Günümüzde kentler,
iktisadi faaliyetlerin yoğun olarak gerçekleştiği ve dolayısı ile ikamet olarak
fazlaca tercih edilen yerlerdir. Kentlerin nüfus yoğunluğu, hızlı nüfus artışı
ile birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, karayolu ulaşım faaliyetleri ve beraberinde
getirdiği kaza riskleri önemli bir sorun olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Trafik
kazalarının maddi ve manevi olası zararlarını en aza indirmek noktasında,
trafikte sürücü, yaya, yolcu ve denetim personeli olarak karşımıza çıkan insan
faktörü öncelikli olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Bu kapsamda trafik güvenliği
çerçevesinde farkındalık oluşturmak için eğitim, kampanya ve denetim
faaliyetleri öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kent içi karayolu trafik güvenliği
özelinde risk faktörleri incelenmiştir. Risk faktörlerine yönelik politikalara
değinilerek trafik kazalarının birey ve kent güvenliği için sebep olduğu
tehdidin boyutu ve bu tehdide karşı geliştirilen ulaşım politikaları
incelenmiştir. BM’nin trafik güvenliği noktasında geliştirdiği eylem planı
çerçevesinde Türkiye’de uygulamaya geçirilen güncel trafik güvenliği
politikaları analiz edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda Türkiye trafik kazalarının neden
olduğu maddi ve manevi kayıpları minimum seviyeye çekme noktasında Birleşmiş
Milletlerin (BM) tavsiye kararlarına yönelik geliştirilen politikaları
hassasiyetle yürütmektedir. Bu çalışma, kent içi karayolu trafik güvenliğine
yönelik geliştirilen politikaların, trafik kazalarına ilişkin risk faktörlerini
minimize etme noktasındaki etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesine katkı
sağlayacaktır.
Everything is right; nothing is wrong.
Authors: Yu Xiaoyang
Published: January 2019

Everything is right; nothing is wrong.
Religiosity As a Moderator
Authors: Mabaso Nkosingiphile
Published: January 2019

Does religiosity act as a buffer to all negative life circumstances? To explore this question, I study the relationship between income and happiness and I analyze the effect religiosity has on this relationship. I propose that income will have a bigger impact on the happiness of those who are non- or less religious compared to those who are very religious. The very religious believe that tough times are tests and they believe that God will, in due season, bless them too. This helps them stay happy and hopeful, even if they are not living in the best conditions. I use the General Social Survey, face-to-face interviews with adults (18 years and older) living in U.S. households, of 2016. I analyze the responses of 1,569 respondents. Consistent with existing research, income is significantly and positively correlated with happiness. However, the correlation between happiness and income is greater among those who are non- or less religious than among those who are very religious. The results confirm that religiosity acts as a buffer to negative life circumstances.
Behind the Mask of Method: Political Orientation and Constitutional Interpretive Preferences (with Joshua Ferguson and Linda Babcock)
Authors: Shane Peter M.
Published: January 2019

Debate about how to best interpret the Constitution often revolves around interpretive methodologies (e.g., originalism or expansive interpretation). This article examines whether individuals' political orientation influences the methodologies they prefer to use to interpret the Constitution. We study this proposed relationship using a survey of federal law clerks and an experimental study with college students. The survey results indicate that, compared to conservatives, liberal clerks prefer the current meaning or the most plausible appealing meaning of the constitutional text, while conservatives prefer the original meaning of the text. Liberal clerks also prefer to interpret the Constitution much more expansively. The second study manipulates the policy implications of expansive interpretation and finds this manipulation differentially affects liberals' and conservatives' expansiveness preferences.
Mindfulness-Based Crisis Interventions (MBCI) for psychosis within acute inpatient psychiatric settings; A feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jacobsen Pamela , Peters Emmanuelle , Robinson Emily , Chadwick Paul
Published: January 2019

Having to go into hospital because of a mental health problem can be a very distressing and disruptive experience. Providing care to people in hospital is also very expensive for the NHS. One of the main reasons people have to go into hospital is due to problems such as hearing voices, or experiencing distressing beliefs, such as feeling in danger from other people. These are also known as psychotic symptoms. One reason there is high demand for psychiatric beds is because sometimes people get re-admitted to hospital quite soon after leaving hospital. Having a talking therapy in hospital might help people to stay well for longer after they are discharged. We did a trial called the amBITION study (BrIef Talking TherapIes ON wards) to help find out if we could do a study on short talking therapies on wards for people with psychotic symptoms. We found that we could recruit enough people to take part in the study, people were highly satisfied with the therapy they received, and we were able to keep in touch with most people to follow them up after they left hospital. We found that fewer people who had received the talking therapy came back into hospital in the following year, compared to a comparison group who received usual care. This encouraging finding shows it would be helpful to conduct a bigger study in the future to find out for sure whether offering short talking therapies may be effective in reducing re-admission rates.
A study on congruency effects and numerical distance in fraction comparison by expert undergraduate students
Authors: Morales Nicolas , Dartnell Pablo , Gomez David Maximiliano
Published: January 2019

School mathematics comprises a diversity of concepts whose cognitive complexity is still poorly understood, a chief example being fractions. These are typically taught in middle school but many students fail to master them, and misconceptions frequently persist into adulthood. In this study we investigate fraction comparison, a task that taps into both conceptual and procedural knowledge of fractions, by looking at performance of highly mathematically skilled young adults. Fifty-seven Chilean engineering undergraduate students answered a computerized fraction comparison task, while their answers and response times were recorded. Task items were selected according to a number of mathematically and/or cognitively relevant characteristics: (a) whether the fractions to be compared shared a common component, (b) the numerical distance between fractions, and (c) the applicability of two strategies to answer successfully: a congruency strategy (a fraction is larger if it has larger natural number components than another) and gap thinking (a fraction is larger if it is missing fewer pieces than another to complete the whole). In line with previous research, our data indicated that the congruency strategy is inadequate to describe participants’ performance, as congruent items turned out to be more difficult than incongruent ones when fractions had no common component. Although we hypothesized that this lower performance for congruent items would be explained by the use of gap thinking, this turned out not to be the case: evidence was insufficient to show that the applicability of the gap thinking strategy modulated either participants’ accuracy rates or response times (although individual-level data suggests that there is an effect for response times). When fractions shared a common component, instead, our data displays a more complex pattern that expected: an advantage for congruent items is present in the first experimental block but fades as the experiment progresses. Numerical distance had an effect in fraction comparison that was statistically significant for items without common components only. Altogether, our results from experts’ reasoning reveal nuances in the fraction comparison task with respect to previous studies and contribute to future models of reasoning in this task.
Who Feels It? Income Inequality, Relative Deprivation, and Financial Satisfaction in U.S. States, 1973–2012
Authors: Hastings Orestes P
Published: January 2019

Many accounts posit that as income inequality rises, individuals will be less satisfied with their own financial situation as they feel increasingly deprived relative to others—driving these individuals to spend more as they engage in positional competition and increasing their anxieties as position in the income distribution becomes ever more important. I examine if and for whom income inequality reduces financial satisfaction by analyzing the 1973–2012 General Social Surveys linked to state-level administrative data based on tax returns, the Census, and the American Community Survey. I find that higher state-level income inequality decreases financial satisfaction overall, and I further find that this effect is especially pronounced for those in the middle of the income distribution. Counterfactual simulations suggest rising income inequality explains a substantial portion of a four-decade decline in financial satisfaction.
Burdened by renewable energy? A multi-scalar analysis of distributional justice and wind energy in the United States
Authors: Mueller Tom , Brooks Matthew M
Published: January 2019

The transition towards renewable energy is likely to be uneven across social and spatial dimensions. To ensure this transition is equitable and just, energy injustice has become the key framework for analyzing and interpreting the distribution of energy infrastructure. Wind energy development has experienced a significant gap between broad public support for increased development but persistent localized opposition to proposed projects, indicating that wind represents a locally unwanted land use. We argue that although the negative impacts of wind energy infrastructure are less extreme than those posed by other, more toxic, unwanted land uses, their status as a locally unwanted land use will produce similar distributional injustices as have been found throughout the environmental injustice literature. Using data from both the American Community Survey and the U.S. Wind Turbine Database, we use logistic and Poisson regressions, fixed effects, and temporal lags to evaluate the current landscape of wind energy injustice along the social dimensions of income, race and ethnicity, age, education, labor force participation, and rurality at three spatial scales: between all counties within the contiguous United States, between counties within states with wind energy, and between census tracts within counties with wind energy. We find results vary by scale and whether the model is comparing the presence of any development or the size of that development. The most evidence of injustice is visible at the within-county level related to whether or not there is any wind energy development, with few relationships present when evaluating the absolute size of development.
The role of social integration in the adverse effect of unemployment on mental health – Testing the causal pathway and buffering hypotheses using panel data
Authors: Krug Gerhard , Prechsl Sebastian
Published: January 2019

Social integration is considered crucially important for understanding the adverse effect of unemployment on mental health. Social integration is assumed to either bring about the health effects of unemployment (causal pathway hypothesis) or shield the unemployed from such effects (buffering hypothesis). However, there is scarce empirical evidence, especially based on panel data, regarding these two hypotheses. In our analysis, we use up to ten waves of the “Labour Market and Social Security” (PASS) German panel study and apply fixed effects panel regressions to account for unobserved confounders. We test several indicators that cover different aspects of social integration (numbers of strong and weak ties, conflict in the household, employed friends, general and job search-specific social support). We find no empirical support for the causal pathway hypothesis and only very limited support for the buffering hypothesis.
Microbial Fuel Cell: Sustainable Approach for Reservoir Eutrophication
Authors: Pribadi Tri Dewi Kusumaningrum , Ihsan Yudi Nurul , Fellatami Kalysta , Syamsuri Rizky Riscahya Pratama , Koswara Bachrulhajat
Published: January 2019

Cirata is one of the three reservoirs of Citarum where its function has developed from hydroelectric power generator to aquaculture and tourism in recent times. A number of floating net cage keeps increasing and they have reached 53,031 cages, which have actually exceeded the maximum amount under local government regulation. This condition has triggered eutrophication in the form of ammonium deposited in aquatic sediments. A study with a 30-day treatment of oxidation catalysis of inorganic and organic matter by bacteria called Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) technology had been conducted to reduce contamination of ammonium in the water. Various treatments were applied in the form of single and dual chambers, with and without aeration. Parameters measurements were decreased in ammonium levels in the sediment, and the same applied to the electricity generated as the by-product of microbial activity. The results showed that MFC technology was proven to reduce the levels of ammonium in the sediments up to 96.12%. The electricity output reached 333 mA.m-2 for a single chamber treatment with aeration. Overall, it can be indicated that better results appeared in all measured parameters with single-chamber treatments compared to dual-chamber ones.
Satellite Image-based Land Use/Land Cover Dynamics and Forest Cover Change Analysis (1996-2016) in Odisha, India
Authors: Kaur Amarjeet , Ghosh Swagata , Das Sanjay Keshari
Published: January 2019

Land use/land cover change dealing with the alteration of the land surface and its biotic cover is an important aspect of human-induced global environmental change. The purpose of this study is to monitor long-term changes in LU/LC in Odisha with special emphasis to the forest cover change. LU/LC maps prepared through visual interpretation, indicated a decreasing pattern in percentage forest cover area (40.0%-1996, 39.0%-2006, 37.7%-2016). Conversely, significant increase in built-up area (0.3% in 1996, 0.5% in 2006 and 0.6% in 2016) have been observed. Forest cover maps derived through NDVI thresholding revealed a fluctuating trend of change in dense forest (23%-1996, 24%-2006 and 21%-2016) and increasing trend of moderate vegetation (32%-1996, 34%-2006 and 36%-2016). Vegetation cover change detection through post-classification comparison between NDVI classified images exhibited that 11,543 km2 and 2662 km2 under dense forest cover area had been converted to moderate and sparse vegetation cover in 2006 from 1996. Likewise, 10,635 km2 and 2744 km2 of dense forest cover area had been converted to moderate vegetation and sparse vegetation cover respectively from 2006 to 2016. Rapid urbanization in Bhubaneshwar and Cuttack was one of the reasons for the change in surrounding land covers and eco-sensitive areas. On the other hand, 10,857 km2 and 1960 km2 area which was under moderate and sparse vegetation cover respectively in 1996 had been converted to dense vegetation cover in 2006. Similarly, conversion (12,738 km2 area of moderate and 4401 km2 area sparse vegetation cover into dense vegetation) took place from 2006 to 2016. On a positive note, it can be remarked that implementation of plantations, afforestation programmes were found to be useful in saving the forest in Odisha.
Evaluating Traffic-related Near-road CO Dispersions on an Urban Road During Summer Season: A Model Inter-comparison
Authors: Ahmad Shadab , Kidwai Farhan A. , Ahmad Kafeel
Published: January 2019

Three air pollution models, namely the ‘California Line Source’ (CALINE4) model, the ‘Unique Dispersion Model’ (UDM) and the ‘Simplified Type Dispersion Model’ (STM) have been analyzed for assessing the air pollutant concentration at one of the most congested traffic road in the city of New Delhi. The latter two models have been developed using the most influential input parameters of CALINE4 namely traffic flow and wind-speed observed by both sensitivity analysis and regression analysis studies. The model performance have been estimated and compared statistically with the traffic emitted airborne carbon monoxide (CO), the prevalent meteorology and the temporal distribution of the monitored hourly average CO concentrations in summer time. The study has displayed that the UDM model would generate better predictions as compared to other models for different meteorological and traffic conditions. The complete study reveals that the similarity between the monitored and the modelled CO concentrations have been reasonably satisfactory for UDM and CALINE4 models. Further detailed assessment confirms that the UDM model performed superior in comparison to the CALINE4.
Complexity of checkers and draughts on different board sizes
Authors: van Horssen Jan-Jaap
Published: January 2019

Estimates for the complexity of checkers and draughts on different board sizes are calculated and experimentally determined. The estimates found for international draughts are a correction of previous estimates in the literature. The estimates found for the other board sizes are first estimates, with the exception of 8 × 8 checkers, which is used as a reference. The small games of 6 × 6 checkers and 6 × 6 draughts are also weakly solved. Both games are a draw with perfect play by both sides.
Fighting Judaism in Soviet Ukraine in the years of the NEP
Authors: Kozerod O. V.
Published: January 2019

Questions of the history of the struggle against the Jewish national tradition were considered in many works of the Soviet authors of the 20-ies of the twentieth century. Among them, first of all, are those who studied various problems of the theory and practice of anti-religious propaganda in Soviet Ukraine, the history of the development of atheism. This is a monograph by Boris Zavadovsky "Moses or Darwin" and M. Sheynman "On Rabbis and Synagogues". In the late 20's and early 1930's, collections entitled "Antireligiozer Lerwukh", "Komsomolisha Agada" appeared, in which issues of the history of Judaism were considered, its main sources, criticism of its main elements from the point of view of materialistic approaches was carried out. One of the main tasks formulated by the authors of these studies was the opposition of the Jewish tradition to the new communist ideology, the hegemony of which at that time was an important part of the realities of the sociopolitical life of Ukraine.
KUALITAS PAPAN SEMEN PARTIKEL DARI BATANG KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) DENGAN PERLAKUAN PENDAHULUAN PEREBUSAN
Authors: Fahmi Agus Nur , Zainuri Muhammad
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui kualitas papan semen yang dihasilkan dari bahan pengisi partikel batang kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)dengan menggunakan perlakuan pendahuluan perebusan 3 jam dan 4 jam. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan baku partikel batang kelapa sawit dengan rasio semen dan partikel sebesar 3 : 1. Bahan perekat yang digunakan adalah semen Portland dengan merek dagang Tonasa dan katalisator yang digunakan adalah CaCl2 sebanyak 3% dari berat semen.Pengujian kualitas berupa sifat fisika dan mekanika dilakukan berdasarkan standar Internasional (ISO 8335, 1987) meliputi kadar air, kerapatan, pengembangan tebal, keteguhan lentur (MOE) dan keteguhan patah (MOR), (BS 5669, 1989) keteguhan tarik tegak lurus permukaan dan standar (MS 934, 1986) penyerapan air.Hasil pengujian sifat fisika dan mekanika papan semen partikel sesuai dengan standar ISO 8335 (1987) pada pengujian kadar air, kerapatan dan pengembangan tebal, standar MS (1986) pada pengujian penyerapan air. Pada pengujian MOEdan MOR pada semua perlakuan nilai yang didapatkan tidak sesuai dengan standar yang ditetapkan ISO 8335 (1987) dan pada pengujian keteguhan tarik tegak lurus permukaan (IBS) semua perlakuan tidak memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan BS 5669 (1989).
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS LIANA PADA PAPARAN CAHAYA BERBEDA DI HUTAN PENDIDIKAN FAKULTAS KEHUTANAN UNIVERSITAS MULAWARMAN
Authors: Hidayah Nur , Diana Rita , Hastaniah Hastaniah
Published: January 2019

Liana merupakan tumbuhan memanjat dan membelit pada tumbuhan lain untuk memperoleh cahaya matahari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi dan mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis liana pada kondisi paparan cahaya yang berbeda. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, teknik pengambilan data menggunakan metode transek dengan panjang 100 meter dan lebar 20 meter pada tiga paparan cahaya berbeda yaitu paparan cahaya terbuka sebesar 261.200 lux, paparan cahaya sedang sebesar 3.141 lux dan paparan cahaya tertutup sebesar 943 lux. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa liana yang hadir pada lokasi dengan paparan cahaya terbuka memiliki jumlah individu terbesar sebanyak 1227 individu yang terdiri dari 3 jenis, pada lokasi dengan paparan cahaya sedang liana yang hadir sebanyak 20 jenis dengan jumlah individu sebanyak 956 individu, sementara pada lokasi dengan paparan cahaya tertutup jenis liana yang hadir sebanyak 26 jenis dengan jumlah individu sebanyak 102 individu. Total individu yang hadir pada 3 lokasi adalah sebanyak 2285 individu yang terdiri dari 38 jenis. Indeks Dominansi pada lokasi terbuka sebesar 0,96 dan Indeks Dominansi pada lokasi tertutup sebesar 0,07. Indeks Keanekaragaman terendah pada lokasi terbuka sebesar 0,12 dan indek keanekaragaman tertinggi pada lokasi tertutup sebesar 2,88 dimana nilai ini secara umum menunjukkan indek keanekaragaman pada tingkat sedang.
DINAMIKA MENUJU KESATUAN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN PRODUKSI (KPHP) SAMARINDA “SEBUAH HARAPAN DAN TANTANGAN”
Authors: Siswanto Hari , Arifin Zainul , Ariyanto Ariyanto
Published: January 2019

Universitas Mulawarman dengan pola ilmiah pokoknya hutan  tropis lembab dan lingkungannya, memiliki salah satu laboratorium alam berupa Hutan Pendidikan Fakultas Kehutanan Unmul (HPFU). Areal ini menjadi menarik karena HPFU disamping representasi hutan alam tropis yang relatif cukup bagus juga posisinya yang sangat strategis . HPFU mengalami dinamika  baik kondisi biogeofisik karena  faktor alam khususnya kebakaran hutan tahun 1982/1983, 1992/1993, dan 1997/1998, maupun akibat aktivitas manusia.Hasil penafsiran citra Landsat liputan  2016  seluas 299,03 Ha,  penutupan lahannya didominasi  hutan sekunder seluas 204,13 Ha (68,99%) dan belukar 67,97 Ha (22,97%). Hasil inventarisasi hutan tahun 2016  dijumpai sebanyak 73 jenis pohon. Potensi rata-rata strata belukar 127,81 m3/Ha dengan  130 batang/Ha dan  hutan sekunder 135,46 m3/Ha dengan  111 batang/Ha. Pendugaan cadangan karbon pada areal HPFU  sebesar 32.937,79 ton. Sementara itu keberadaan satwa diantaranya Orang Utan (Pongo pigmaeus), Owa-Owa (Hylobates muelleri), berbagai jenis burung seperti Rajawali (Thearaetus pennatus), Elang bondol, Ular Phyton, Kura-kura, dan lain-lain.Selain dinamika  biogeofisik dan sosial budaya masyarakat sekitar HPFU, status penetapan kawasan hutan juga mengalami perubahan seiring berjalannya waktu  mulai dari ex areal HPH CV Kayu Mahakam, berturut-turut menjadi Hutan Koleksi Universitas Mulawarman, Hutan Pendidikan Fakultas Kehutanan Unmul, Kebun Raya Unmul, Kebun Raya Unmul Samarinda, dan kini berdasarkan SK Menhut No.674/Menhut-II/2011 menjadi KPHP Samarinda yang penamaannya akan diusulkan menjadi KPHP Hutan Pendidikan Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Mulawarman (HPFU) bersamaan dengan pembuatan dokumen tata hutan dan RPHJP pada tahun 2017 ini.Dengan ditetapkannya HPFU sebagai KPHP, maka potensi biogeofisik dan sosial budaya masyarakat sekitar hutan akan menjadi potensi harapan yang besar meskipun di sisi lain ada beberapa kendala dan permasalahan yang dihadapi yaitu :  struktur kelembagaan yang ada (perlu adanya sinkroniosasi antara Fahutan Unmul, Badan Pengelola Hutan Pendidikan Fahutan Unmul, dan Dishut Propinsi Kaltim tentang KPHP Samarinda ; aktivitas tambang batubara yang berbatasan langsung dengan kawasan KPHP Samarinda; kerawanan terhadap kebakaran hutan; keterbatasan investasi dan kondisi sarana dan prasarana yang sudah mulai rusak. Adapun  peluang dan pengembangan KPHP Samarinda adalah diupayakan sebagai KPH center khususnya di Kaltim dan Kalimantan umumnya, pembangunan model-model pengelolaan hutan serta pembangunan ekowisata modern.
Interaction between small pelagic purse seine fishery and its top predators
Authors: Zorica Barbara , Čikeš Keč Vanja , Zanki Kristijan , Grubišić Leon , Šegvić-Bubić Tanja
Published: January 2019

Due to very good collaboration with one commercial purse seiner, using “Srdelara” and operating in fishing zone G, preliminary data concerning the interaction between small pelagic purse seine fishery and its predators were obtained. According to the notes taken by experience observer on-board in period from year 2013 to 2016, seems that tunas, dolphins and swordfish were the faithful companions of purse seiner fisherman with abundance of 68.6%, 22.0% and 9.4%, respectively. Although they were present all year round, their monthly pattern of appearance indicated that less tunas were recorded in May-June, more dolphins were noted from July to October while swordfish were mostly abundant in winter (January-March). Within the investigated period, slightly increasing trend of tuna and dolphins’ appearance was recorded, although statistically not significant. Analysing possible correlation between purse seine catches and predator’s abundances, revealed that appearance of tuna had negative impact on the catches (dispersion of schools), while realised catches in presence of dolphins were quite good so it seems that they tend to round up small pelagic fish schools.
Recreational fishing along the Middle and Eastern Black SeaTurkish coasts
Authors: Tunca Sezgin , Aydin Mehmet , Karapiçak Muhammet , Lindroos Marko
Published: January 2019

This study investigated biological, social and mainly economic dimensions of recreational fishing (RF) in 8 coastal Middle and Eastern Black Sea provinces of Turkey. In all provinces, a total number of 874 shore-based recreational fishers were interviewed via on-site face-to-face interviews during the fishing activity or at access points being monthly from January to December in 2015. Market value with RF index of added value approaches were used to calculate economic gains and losses from RF. The consistency was observed with the high education levels, high expense and high market value for fishers in the Middle Black Sea provinces; Kastamonu, Samsun, Sinop and Ordu. In all provinces, the harvesting costs stayed far below the average market prices of target species. Also, positive values of RF index were observed in all provinces. The species catch composition in Western and Eastern provinces did not show great differences. Furthermore, even if the habitat type along the Black Sea coast of Turkey did not show great variations, in the Western provinces some certain species including T. trachurus, S. sarda, B. belone, P. saltatrix, M. cephalus were caught in higher amounts. To summarize, RF along the Black Sea coasts of Turkey is an industry creating high economic returns by expenditures, jobs, catch value and further increased indirect economic impact in services sector.
Relationship Between Activities of Daily Living and Depression in Older Adults
Authors:   Mane and Semelghan Health Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Science, Bojnurd, Iran., Mohamadzadeh Marzieh , Rashedi Vahid ,   Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Hashemi Mitra ,   Deputy of Research and Technology, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran., Borhaninejad Vahidreza ,   Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Published: January 2019

Objectives: Physical disability to perform daily living activities is one of the major causes of depression in the elderly people. On the other hand, depression is associated with loss of interest in daily activities and lack of independence. The present study aimed to assess the relationship of depression with the ability to perform Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) in older adults in Iran. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was performed on 148 elderly people aged ≥60 years who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected by using ADL, IADL, and 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) questionnaires and were then presented by using descriptive statistics and analyzed by Chi-square test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression analysis. Results: Participants were 86 female (58.1%) and 62 male (41.9%); 109 (73.6%) aged 60-75 years, and the rest were older than 75 years; 71 (48%) had moderate or severe depression; 4(2.7%) and 61(41.2%) were dependent or in need of help performing ADL and IADL, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that depression has a significant negative correlation with ADL (r= -0.304, P<0.001) and IADL (r=-0.193, P>0.01); i.e. by increasing one of them, the depression decreases. Conclusion: The ability of the elderly people to perform ADL and IADL can be a good predictor of depression in them. With early assessment of their health and ability by health teams and family members, it is possible to prevent the development of their disability and depression.
Peran Guru dalam Penanganan Peserta Didik yang Bermasalah dengan Perilaku Anti Sosial Cyberbullying
Authors: Ubaidillah Aan Eko Khusni
Published: January 2019

At school, the teacher in charge as second parents for children. Unfortunately there are many teachers who do not live up to the philosophy of the teacher as second parents for children. There are still many teachers who abuse the students seemed never to have children. Even if the teacher does not live up to this philosophy, the teacher should be aware that he is under contract with parents to drop off their students to the gates of success. Reality on the ground there are many teachers who use violence. With disciplinary reasons, some unscrupulous teachers dare torment his students. Of course this makes children afraid to go to school and can not learn well. Fellow students bullying each other also because it is hard to emulate his teacher. Why do these problems arise? Therefore there are still persons who become teachers for material reasons only, not for the call. Including a teacher who was having psychiatric disorders, but not detected in the selection for work. The conclusion that acts of bullying become a global problem that must be addressed together by all parties. Picketing early through moral education, together with the full implementation of family life and responsibility, as well as the structuring law becomes effective the first step to reduce acts of bullying in society. Follow-settlement through legal means necessarily the final step after picketing failed to do and this is a little late to do because it would cause loss. All this should be carried out continuously by all parties without exception, from oneself, family, community, and country