bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As visões sobre a ciência e sobre a realidade nos enunciados de Richard P. Feynman: Uma análise metalinguística de alguns de seus textos didáticos e de divulgação científica
Authors: Hoernig André Felipe , Massoni Neusa Teresinha , Lima Nathan Willig
Published: May 2020

Resumo Este trabalho faz uma incursão através de algumas obras de Richard Feynman, com uma análise metalinguística dos enunciados de Física Quântica presentes na obra Lições de Física, bem como nas obras QED: a estranha teoria da luz e da matéria e Os melhores textos de Richard P. Feynman. Investigamos como que o tema, a estrutura composicional e a escolha lexical expressam a enunciação de visões epistemológicas e ontológicas subjacentes à apresentação do conteúdo físico. Nossos resultados mostram que o jovem cientista apresenta o conteúdo físico alinhado axiologicamente com a Interpretação de Copenhague, adquirindo, em certos momentos, um viés positivista. Contudo, nas obras posteriores às Lições de Física, Feynman assume uma postura de maior preocupação com a divulgação científica. A direcionalidade, o projeto de fala e a intencionalidade de seus enunciados tornam seus textos recheados de visões complexas sobre a natureza das teorias científicas. Conclui-se que o conjunto de obras de Feynman apresenta uma profícua contribuição ao ensino de Física e àdivulgação da ciência, adotando diferentes vozes acerca da natureza da realidade e da ciência, sendo responsável ao período sociopolítico das diferentes enunciações, o que é um exemplo rico da não-neutralidade científica e pedagógica.
Sociometrias territoriais de participação cidadã: mapas de Kernel como ferramenta de apoio ao planejamento estratégico municipal
Authors: Seixas Paulo Castro , Baptista Luís , Dias Ricardo Cunha
Published: May 2020

Resumo Partindo do pressuposto da necessidade de participação cidadã para um planejamento estratégico municipal mais efetivo, este artigo analisa a perceção e participação dos jovens na construção de sociometrias territoriais como novos mapas sociais. A pesquisa centra-se no concelho de Cascais como estudo de caso, recorrendo a um formulário espacial de Participação Pública com Sistema de Informação Geográfica (PPSIG) para explorar mobilidades, topofilias, topofobias, toponegligências e propostas de mudança. Para além de propor e evidenciar a aplicação de mapas de Kernel como instrumento de PPSIG, esta pesquisa corporizou os desafios que ainda se colocam à utilização destas ferramentas na passagem para Planos Diretores Municipais de 3ª geração em Portugal.
Facial profile changes due to bone cement graft to manage the hyperactive muscles of the gingival smile
Authors: Torres Érica Miranda de , Valladares-Neto José , Bernades Karina de Oliveira , Naldi Luis Fernando , Torres Hianne Miranda de , Carvalho Alexandre Leite , Estrela Carlos
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate facial profile changes promoted by polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cement graft to reduce excessive gingival display due to hyperactivity of the elevator muscles of the upper lip during smiling. Methods: Eleven patients (all females, age range: 20 to 43 years) presenting gingival smile that were treated with PMMA cement grafts in a private clinic were selected for this retrospective study. Three angular and ten linear cephalometric facial profile measurements were performed preoperatively (baseline, T1) and at least 6 months postoperatively (T2). Differences between T1 and T2 were verified by Wilcoxon test, and the correlation between the thickness of the graft and facial profile changes was statistically evaluated by Spearman’s Coefficient test. The significance level was set at p< 0.05. Results: The nasolabial angle (p= 0.03) and the labial component of the nasolabial angle showed statistically significant differences (p= 0.04), with higher values in T2. No correlations were found between the graft thickness and the statistically significant facial profile changes (p> 0.05). Conclusions: The PMMA bone cement graft projected the upper lip forward, thereby increasing the nasolabial angle without affecting the nasal component. No correlations between the graft thickness and the facial profile changes were detected.
Mandibular and temporomandibular morphologic characteristics of patients with suspected unilateral condylar hyperplasia: a CT study
Authors: López Diego Fernando , Botero Juliana Ruiz , Muñoz Juan M. , Cardenas-Perilla Rodrigo A.
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT Introduction: Facial asymmetry associated with unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) is a complicated clinical condition. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe morphological characteristics of the mandible and the temporomandibular joint in patients with facial asymmetry, using computed tomography and 3D reconstruction. Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed with patients displaying facial asymmetry evaluated by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT analysis, for suspected UCH, between 2015 and 2018. The following variables were compared between the affected side (producing the asymmetry) and the contralateral side (side to where the jaw is deflected): condylar length, condylar medial and lateral pole length, mandibular ramus length, intra-articular spaces, articular eminence height and position of the posterior wall of the glenoid fossa. Results: Forty-three patients (21 women, mean age: 20.7 ± 7.25 years) with facial asymmetry were included, 19 patients presented right side deviation and 24 patients had left side deviation. Condylar length, lateral pole length, the sum of maximum values and articular eminence height were greater in the affected side (p< 0.05). A positive correlation was found between the position of the posterior wall of the glenoid fossa and the articular eminence height in the affected side (r = 0.442). Conclusions: In patients with suspected UCH, evaluated through CT, craniofacial measurements showed significantly larger condylar length and the condylar sum of maximum values in the affected side. A positive correlation was found between the increased dimensions of the articular eminence and the more posterior position of the glenoid fossa in the affected side.
Fatores sociodemográficos e diagnósticos de enfermagem em pacientes submetidos às cirurgias ortopédicas
Authors: Martins Lágila Cristina Nogueira , Cordeiro Aldenora Laísa Paiva de Carvalho , Stacciarini Thaís Santos Guerra , Engel Rosana Huppes , Haas Vanderlei José , Rezende Marina Pereira , Ferreira Lúcia Aparecida
Published: May 2020

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem mais frequentes e verificar suas associações com fatores sociodemográficos em pacientes submetidos às cirurgias ortopédicas. Método Estudo observacional, analítico e transversal, desenvolvido na unidade de ortopedia de um hospital escola. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se instrumentos estruturados, anamnese e exame físico. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Resultados Dos 201 pacientes avaliados, 68,2% eram homens. Os diagnósticos de enfermagem mais frequentes foram: risco de infecção (100%), integridade da pele prejudicada (100%), integridade tissular prejudicada (97,5%), déficit no autocuidado para banho (90,5%), dor aguda (80,6%), risco de quedas (76,6%) e ansiedade (70%). Constatou-se associações entre a dor aguda e participação na renda familiar e entre o déficit no autocuidado para banho e estado civil. Conclusão e implicações para a prática A análise do perfil sociodemográfico de uma população favorece o planejamento de uma assistência segura e a tomada de decisões pautada em evidências científicas. Minimizar possíveis complicações, promover a apropriação de diagnósticos de enfermagem, bem como melhorar a qualidade da assistência, reduzir custos operacionais para as instituições de saúde e promover a segurança do paciente.
EL APRENDIZAJE DEL MAPA MENTAL GRUPAL MEDIANTE LAS TIC EN EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR
Authors: González Juan Manuel Muñoz , Gea Esther María Vega , Ariza María Dolores Hidalgo
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio se centra en el aprendizaje del mapa mental como técnica de estudio en los futuros profesionales de la educación a través de una dinámica de aprendizaje cooperativo, así como del software Mindmanager 7 para la construcción del mismo. Para eso, hemos adoptado una metodología cuantitativa, a través del uso de un cuestionario creado ad hoc y conformado por 22 ítems. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que la combinación del uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) y del trabajo en equipo contribuye positivamenteen el aprendizaje de los mapas mentales, así como en la valoración de estos enel ámbito de estudio, pese a que, en determinados aspectos, la postura del alumnado sea de indiferencia.
Implementação da Política Nacional de Saúde Integral de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais (PNSI LGBT) no Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Silva Amanda de Cassia Azevedo da , Alcântara Anelise Montañes , Oliveira Daniel Canavese de , Signorelli Marcos Claudio
Published: May 2020

O artigo trata de tema urgente e relevante referente aos desafios e às potencialidades para implementação de políticas públicas de saúde destinadas à população de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais (LGBT). Investigou-se a implementação da Política Nacional de Saúde Integral de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais (PNSI LGBT) no Paraná, a partir de quatro grupos focais com 48 participantes, em uma abordagem qualitativa. Participaram dos grupos profissionais e gestores (as)do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), da Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Paraná, profissionais da rede intersetorial e representantes de movimentos sociais LGBT. Foram definidos quatro eixos de análise: acesso da população LGBT à atenção integral à saúde; ações de promoção e vigilância em saúde; educação permanente e educação popular em saúde; e monitoramento e avaliação das ações de saúde. Concluiu-se que há lacunas na implementação da política, nos três níveis de atenção à saúde da população LGBT.
Sociologie clinique et psychanalyse intégrative
Authors: Fourcade Jean-Michel
Published: May 2020

Résumé Cet article veut montrer que le courant intégratif en psychothérapie, au-delà d’un simple éclectisme combinant diverses techniques, contribue au développement de l’épistémologie de la complexité. Avec un cas clinique, j’éclairerai comment se font les apports entre la psychanalyse intégrative et la sociologie clinique. Leur questionnement réciproque conduit à l’hypothèse d’un évolutionnisme du psychisme humain que les élaborations théoriques dans l’un et l’autre champ ont du mal à reconnaître.
O mal-estar na representação: autoidentidade, esquizofrenia e a teatralidade do mundo social*
Authors: Peters Gabriel
Published: May 2020

Resumo O artigo é parte de um programa de pesquisa em “heurística da insanidade”, o qual explora o poder analítico de ferramentas sociológicas na compreensão da esquizofrenia, assim como a relevância de investigações da experiência esquizofrênica para a teoria social, sobretudo no que toca às concepções de agência, experiência e subjetividade que nela vigoram. No seio deste programa mais geral, o trabalho revisita perspectivas dramatúrgicas sobre a relação entre self e sociedade, entrecruzando tais perspectivas com a literatura psiquiátrica acerca de perturbações “esquizoides” no relacionamento do sujeito com o mundo e consigo próprio. Se as visões dramatúrgicas da subjetividade criticam, no plano teórico, o pressuposto de senso comum de que haveria um “eu” estável e nitidamente distinto das máscaras teatrais que ele “veste” na vida social cotidiana, algumas perturbações da autoidentidade ou senso de si na esquizofrenia são concretizações existenciais, efetivamente vividas, dessa dissolução do “eu” em um feixe de papéis ou identidades sociais.
Por uma sociologia sistêmica pós-colonial das diferenças no interior da sociedade mundial moderna
Authors: Dutra Roberto
Published: May 2020

Resumo As aproximações entre os pressupostos epistemológicos e ontológicos da teoria social de Niklas Luhmann e das abordagens pós-coloniais têm sido ressaltadas e desenvolvidas na última década. No âmbito das teorias pós-coloniais, o ponto de vista pós-fundacionalista leva à desconstrução dos discursos hegemônicos e eurocêntricos sobre a modernidade, operando uma observação crítica das operações cognitivas e práticas que constroem, num registro essencialista, identidades e casos nacionais baseados nas autocompreensões (neo)colonialistas dos países ditos centrais ou desenvolvidos. Na medida em que a teoria social de Niklas Luhmann parte de pressupostos ontológicos e epistemológicos muito semelhantes, poder-se-ia esperar uma abordagem desconstrutivista também em sua teoria da sociedade moderna, mas, até agora, prevalece quase unânime a percepção de que a concepção luhmanniana de sociedade mundial é incorrigivelmente eurocêntrica. Pode sua teoria da sociedade mundial não ser eurocêntrica? Apoiando-se em debates mais recentes e menos ortodoxos sobre esta teoria, defende-se nesta comunicação a tese de que a teoria da sociedade mundial de Luhmann pode ser recepcionada em favor da crítica ao discurso hegemônico e eurocêntrico sobre a modernidade.
A institucionalização da agroecologia no Brasil: trajetórias acadêmicas e laços discursivos*
Authors: Paulino Jonatta Sousa , Gomes Ramonildes Alves
Published: May 2020

Resumo O fomento da atividade produtiva agroecológica no Brasil se dá por meio do trabalho conjunto de um grupo de indivíduos, representantes de discursos e instituições, os quais se constituem como atores-chave para o entendimento das dinâmicas atuais do rural brasileiro. Neste artigo, analisamos a institucionalização do campo agroecológico nacional, focalizando as redes tecidas para sua construção, seus discursos de transformação social, os atores envolvidos e suas implicações na construção das políticas no setor. A perspectiva teórico-metodológica se baseia na Teoria Ator-Rede, de Bruno Latour (2012), consistindo o trabalho de campo na realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com uma amostra não probabilística de atores do referido campo e na análise de suas trajetórias. Dentre as conclusões principais, destacamos a de que a atividade produtiva agroecológica no Brasil conecta um sistema informal e internacional de contatos transdisciplinares que relaciona pesquisas acadêmicas, prática docente e atividades de extensão, produzindo um movimento de legitimação do campo.
The Clinical Significance of Neuroendocrine Features in Invasive Breast Carcinomas
Authors: Lai Billy Shui-Wun , Tsang Julia Y. , Poon Ivan K. , Shao Yan , Chan Siu-Ki , Tam Fiona K. , Cheung Sai-Yin , Shea Ka-Ho , Tse Gary M.
Published: May 2020

The latest World Health Organization (WHO) classification categorized invasive breast carcinomas (IBCs) with neuroendocrine (NE) differentiations into neuroendocrine neoplasms (including well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor [NET] and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma [NEC]) and IBC no special type with NE features (IBC-NST-NE). However, little is documented of the clinical significance of this classification; also the precise thresholds and choices of NE markers were variable. In the current study, a large cohort of patients with IBC with NE differentiation were morphologically classified based on the WHO criteria and the clinical relevance of expression of different NE markers (synaptophysin [SYN], chromogranin [CG], and CD56) was evaluated. Among 1,372 IBCs, 52 NET (3.8%) and 172 IBC-NST-NE (12.5%) were identified. Compared with the IBC–no NE cases, NET and IBC-NST-NE were similarly associated with positive estrogen receptor (ER) expression and lower grade (p < .001). For patient outcome, IBC-NST-NE, but not NET, demonstrated significantly worse survival than the IBC–no NE cases. Based on high (≥50%) and low (<50%) expression for each NE marker, independent poor disease-free survival for SYNloCGlo and SYNhiCGlo cancers (IBC–no NE cases as references, hazard ratio [HR], ≤1.429; p ≤ .026) was found. Interestingly, SYN and CG expression correlated with each other and they shared similar clinicopathologic characteristics; but not with with CD56. In addition, CD56-only positive cases were associated with hormone receptors negativity and basal markers positivity (p ≤ .019), and patients’ outcome was similar to IBC–no NE cancers. Our findings suggested that NE markers expression may provide information to fine tune treatment strategy. The relevance of CD56 as NE marker requires further studies.

Implications for Practice

Invasive breast carcinomas (IBCs) with neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation are heterogeneous in clinicopathologic parameters, biomarker expression, and prognosis. However, there are no specific therapies targeting NE differentiation, and all carcinomas with any NE differentiation are treated similarly as other IBCs. The results of this study suggest that stratification based on NE marker expression levels may provide added prognostically pertinent information, aiding better treatment strategy. In addition, CD56-only positive carcinomas showed a different clinicopathologic and biomarker expression profile compared with those with chromogranin and synaptophysin expression. Relevance of CD56 as an NE marker requires further studies.
Protocol for characterization of morphology, electrophysiology, and synaptology of mouse stellate ganglion neurons v1
Authors: D Tompkins John
Published: May 2020

The stellate is a thoracic sympathetic ganglion suppling autonomic innervation to cells, tissues and organs of the upper thorax; including, but not limited to, the brachial sweat glands, mammary glands, cardiomyocytes, and sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. We sampled individual cells of the mouse right stellate ganglion with intracellular microelectrodes to create a topographic atlas of ganglion neuron structure and function. Membrane potential recordings, during stimulation of presynaptic nerves, were paired with confocal imaging of single cells, backfilled with fluorescent dyes, to quantify cell morphology, membrane physiology, and synaptology of the individual cells. The cellular database, including localization and projection of each cell, will be shared publicly through a link in the manuscript, which will be appended to this protocol once published. In the accompanying manuscript, we describe unique populations of cardiac-projecting stellate neurons and detail the heterogenous population of neurons comprising this ganglion which is vital to sympathetic control of the heart.The methods used in this study are detailed here.
NADH-linked microtiter plate-based assay for measuring Rubisco activity & activation state – PEPC-MDH v1
Authors: Rodrigues Gabriel Sales Cristina , Silva Anabela , Carmo-Silva Elizabete
Published: May 2020

This protocol uses five reactions to couple RuBP carboxylation and 3-PGA formation to NADH oxidation to measure Rubisco activity, based on Scales et al. (2014).
NADH-linked microtiter plate-based assay for measuring Rubisco activity & activation state – GAPDH-GlyPDH v1
Authors: Rodrigues Gabriel Sales Cristina , Silva Anabela , Carmo-Silva Elizabete
Published: May 2020

This protocol uses five reactions to couple RuBP carboxylation and 3-PGA formation to NADH oxidation to measure Rubisco activity, based on Kubien et al. (2011).
Purification of 2,3-bisphosphate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase (dPGM) v1
Authors: Rodrigues Gabriel Sales Cristina , Silva Anabela , Carmo-Silva Elizabete
Published: May 2020

This protocol describes the purification of dPGM based on Fraser et al. (1999) and Scales et al. (2014) with modifications. Some steps of the purification protocol were also informed by van de Loo & Salvucci (1996), Schmidt & Skerra (2007), and White & Fothergill-Gilmore (1992).
Calibration Protocol - Plate Reader Abs600 (OD) Calibration with Microsphere Particles v3
Authors: Beal Jacob , Haddock-Angelli Traci , Gershater Markus , Sanchania Vishal , Buckley-Taylor Russell , Baldwin Geoff , Farny Natalie , Tennant Richard , Rutten Paul
Published: May 2020

You will prepare a dilution series of monodisperse silica microspheres and measure the Abs600 in your plate reader. The size and optical characteristics of these microspheres are similar to cells, and there is a known amount of particles per volume. This measurement will allow you to construct a standard curve of particle concentration which can be used to convert 600 nm absorbance measurements into an estimated equivalent number of cells.
Study in Agroindustry of Salted Egg: Length of Salting Process and Marketing Reach Aspects
Authors: Sumekar Wulan , Al-Baarri Ahmad Ni'matullah
Published: May 2020

Homemade salted egg production leading to one of agro-industry products has been identified as profitable, yet processing technology of salting needs to be improved. The objective of the study was to analyze the length of salting application of salted eggs, marketing reach, and association between the lengths of salting application with marketing reach. Forty respondents determined by purposive random sampling was carried out on agro-industry center of salted eggs in Brebes, Central Java. The primary data (length of salting and marketing reach) were collected by interview using questionnaire and observation. The levels of NaCl of salted eggs were measured by Argentometri Mohr method. The secondary data were collected by recording relevant documents. Data of length of salting and marketing reach were analyzed descriptively. Relationship between the length of salting and the marketing reach of salted eggs were analyzed using contingency tables with the X2 test. The result showed that all respondents applied length of salting with time duration of salting varied from 12 to 30 days, during which period 52.5% respondents did the salting in >14-18 days. The salinity was still relatively higher than that of recommended by the Indonesian Industry Standard (SNI), which is 2.0%. The respondents also functioned as marketing components; such as consumers, retailers-consumers, and collectors - retailers - consumers with the percentage of 52.5, 35, and 12.5%, respectively. As conclusion, the length of salting technology application might influenced marketing reach and the length of salting technology application mostly could only reach the short marketing.
Seawater/C-cup: Fishy Trans Embodiments and Geographies of Sex Work in Newfoundland
Authors: Jefferies Daze
Published: May 2020

In this work of autoethnographic research-creation, I think with my augmented breasts—beyond the medical archive and away from the clinic—as an embodied inquiry into trans geographies of sex work in the island world of Ktaqamkuk/Newfoundland, Canada. Employing the felt knowledges of my breasts in visuals and poetics, I illustrate fishy entanglements shared between my sex work and breast augmentation that have reframed my social and sexual embodiment. Engaging with my breasts as a contact zone of embodied dis/pleasure, economic promise, and social violence, I suggest that paying creative attention to trans women’s breasts might reimage notions of trans sex-working desire.
Revealing Narratives in Before and After Photographs of Cosmetic Breast Surgeries
Authors: Hurst Rachel Alpha Johnston
Published: May 2020

Feminist cosmetic surgery scholars have been attentive to cosmetic breast surgeries as emblematic of a range of issues and questions. Breast implant and reduction surgeries have been analyzed by scholars as psychologically beneficial, as representative of unethical practices in the cosmetic surgery industry, as exemplar of the objectification of women’s bodies, and as connected to powerful cultural ideas about breasts. A curious dearth in previous scholarship is a sufficient engagement with the ubiquitous library of photographs that document these procedures. This essay discusses before and after photographs of cosmetic breast surgeries, which occupy a liminal space as medical and sexual, verification and fantasy. In this essay, I argue that before and after photographs of cosmetic breast surgeries should be read as revealing of the conditions under which patients and surgeons operate, rather than solely as proof of an operation’s results. To make this argument, I focus on two examples of before and after photographs – one of a breast augmentation and one of a breast reduction – and guide my analysis of the images in relation to narrative interviews with three women who underwent cosmetic breast surgeries.
Karakteristik mutu edible film karagenan dengan penambahan minyak atsiri bawang putih (Allim sativum) pada produk pasta ikan
Authors: Qotimah Khusnul , Dewi Eko Nurcahya , Purnamayati Lukita
Published: May 2020

Edible film merupakan pengemas biodegradable yang berasal dari bahan alami, termasuk karagenan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakteristik edible film karagenan dengan penambahan minyak atsiri bawang putih (Allium sativum) konsentrasi berbeda pada produk pasta ikan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen laboratorium menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan satu faktor yaitu konsentrasi minyak atsiri bawang putih (0%; 0,1%; 0,3%, dan 0,5%) (v/v), masing-masing perlakuan dilakukan tiga kali ulangan. Parameter uji terdiri dari kuat tarik, persen pemanjangan, laju transmisi uap air, dan aktivitas antijamur yang diisolasi dari bakso ikan, otak-otak ikan, dan sosis ikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan konsentrasi penambahan minyak atsiri bawang putih yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kuat tarik, persen pemanjangan, laju transmisi uap air, dan aktivitas antijamur. Penambahan minyak atsiri bawang putih memberikan karakteristik dan aktivitas antijamur terbaik pada konsentrasi 0,5%, dengan kuat tarik sebesar 14,7 MPa, persen pemanjangan 25,98%, laju transmisi uap air 0,84 g/m2/jam, zona hambat terhadap Aspergillus niger 5,1 mm dan zona hambat terhadap Aspergillus flavus 4,13 mm.
Covid-19 Enfeksiyonu, Postmortem Süreç ve Defin İşlemleri
Authors: Ünüvar Göçeoğlu Ümit , Yıldırım Satuk Buğra , Ekinci Ecesu , Balcı Yasemin
Published: May 2020

With the outbreak of COVID-19 infection in China in December 2019, the virus started a rapidly spreading pandemia around the world, causing serious health problems and deaths. As of the beginning of March 2020, it has been reported to be seen in over a hundred countries across the world. In our country, the first COVID-19 case was detected at the beginning of March, and the number of death cases has exceeded one thousand to date.
In this process, forensic medicine specialists and workers face serious risk of transmission in a possible COVID-19 death. This study is a compilation of the definition and epidemiology of the virus causing Covid-19 disease, how to diagnose of postmortem, postmortem examination and possible risks associated with such a case in the autopsy room and how to reduce these risks. In addition, suggestions regarding burials procedureswere also presented in case of suspicion of Covid-19 infection.
Establishing early warning systems by monitoring COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in wastewater
Authors: Dağlıoğlu Nebile , Yavuz Güzel Evşen , Atasoy Aslı
Published: May 2020

Wastewater based epidemiology studies are a complementary approach used to measure and monitor the presence and prevalence of infectious diseases when clinical testing capacity is limited. It can also help with the detection of coronaviruses in wastewater and how they spread in the society. In the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is excreted with the feces of infected people and mixed with wastewater. Most people infected with viruses that infect enterically spread their feces and virus into their sewage systems both for the days or weeks before and after symptoms begin to appear. Through the detection of Covid-19 in wastewater, the number of asymptomatic people who do not represent any indication related to diseases but are carriers can be determined, and the total number of people infected in that society can be estimated. Therefore, an early warning system can be created, and it will be possible to take the necessary precautions before the second or third wave occurs.
COVID-19 Pandemisi ve Alıkonulanlar
Authors: Can İsmail Özgür , Davas Hediye Aslı , Biçer Ümit
Published: May 2020

It is estimated that around 11 million people in the world are detained in prisons. Prisons, detention centers are areas with possible high prevalence of infection due to closed environment with crowded and unsanitary conditions. The problems experienced due to the COVID 19 pandemic in the health examinations and  the living conditions of the detainees and convicts will be discussed and ethical approach suggestions published by the Turkish Medical Association will be presented.
COVİD-19 Pandemisinden Etkilenen Çocuk İstismar Olgularının Değerlendirmesi
Authors: Aslan Fatmagül , Timur Serdar , Pakiş Işıl
Published: May 2020

Objective: As a result of the measures and restrictions taken in our country during the COVID-19 Pandemic period, it was aimed to analyze the quantitative decrease in the number of cases applied to Antalya Child Monitoring Center and to develop recommendations against its effects.

Methods: A total of 309 cases applied to Antalya Center for sexual abuse in 2019 March-April and 2020 March-April were included in the cross-sectional study. Both groups were examined in terms of socio-demographic parameters and evaluations made at the center.

Results: 211 cases were evaluated in March-April 2019 and 98 cases were evaluated in March-April 2020 in Antalya Center. The age range of all cases varied between 1-18, and the average age was 12.95 ± 3.24. 257 (83.2%) of the cases were girls. Definitive sexual abuse findings were detected in 225 cases. Considering the reporters and their rates, it was found that the most frequent reporters in the control group were teachers, then parents, while the most frequent reporters in the study group were parents, then teachers. While the ratio of the offender to be lover-friend in the control group was 40.8%, this ratio decreased to 24.5% in the study group.

Conclusion: While the risk factors of child sexual abuse increased during the pandemic period, the rate of reporting decreased during the same period. In this study, the role of teachers in reporting abuse was revealed. In terms of multidisciplinary approach among legal and medical professionals, there was no significant difference in this period.
COVID-19 Salgınında Ev İçi Şiddet
Authors: Toprak Ergönen Akça , Biçen Emin , Ersoy Gökhan
Published: May 2020

Major outbreaks cause alterations in the dynamics of society. One of the leading is the change in crime trends. Although a significant decrease is observed in the total number of crimes, the frequency of some types of crime decreases while others increase, such as domestic violence. Although the number of systematic studies is not enough, data are showing that increased cases of violence against women during the COVID-19 outbreak in Turkey. Compared to the previous year, in March 2020, physical violence, psychological violence, and shelter demand increased by 80%, 93%, and 78%, respectively. Another survey-like study reported that there was a 27.8% increase in violence against women in the pandemic process. However, the number of child abuse cases decreased during this period.  The difficulty of the detection of such cases due to social restriction may lead to this effect.  These restrictions and the fear environment may also increase the risk of elder abuse and neglect. It's important to take necessary measures to reduce the negative effects of long-term restraint in the quarantine period.

In this review, we discussed the increase of domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic by presenting the available data. We also aimed to discuss the possible reasons for the increase in violence and the recommendations made by international and national organizations in solving the problem.
COVID-19 Pandemisi Sırasında Türkiye’de Acil Servislerin Organizasyonu ve Değişen Hasta Profili
Authors: Bayram Başak , Can İsmail Özgür
Published: May 2020

During the COVID-19 epidemic, emergency departments played an important role in identifying patients, isolating, preventing in-hospital infections, and informing public health authorities. It is necessary to identify the possible patients quickly and isolate them from others.
It was necessary to reorganize the emergency departments, which will be the first place of admission for the majority of patients. Emergency patient care should continue in emergency departments even in disasters, and in many countries, emergency departments operate at maximum capacity in their normal routines. For all these reasons, policies are required to prevent crowding in health centers and to control them, especially in emergency departments identify patients before hospital admission if possible.
In this study, we explain that how the organization of a university hospital emergency department with the COVID-19 pandemic, and how to organization the infected patients, emergency patients and forensic cases in emergency department.
İzolasyon, Karantina, Sosyal Mesafe ve Ruh Sağlığı
Authors: Direk Tecirli Neşe , Ucuz Gizem , Özel Fatih
Published: May 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic directly affected more than 4 million people worldwide and indirectly affects the entire world due to its social consequences. There are methods such as isolation, quarantine, restriction of social distance, which are accepted all over the world to prevent the spread of infectious diseases considered pandemic. These practices, which are rapidly implemented in the modern age may be resulted in the mental health problems that affects individuals and societies for a long time. In this article, it is aimed to review the effects of these pandemic control practices such as isolation, quarantine and social distance on people's mental health.
These practices lead to different emotional responses such as anxiety and depressive symptoms in people. Depending on the type of coping strategies used to deal with stress and the severity of stress, these practices may cause several mental disorders including anxiety disorders, depressive disorders and stress-related disorders in vulnerable individuals. Delirium is seen frequently in COVID-19 as it has worse prognosis in olders adults. People who lost their loved ones may face complicated griefs as the deaths occurs in isolated conditions. In addition, stigmatization, which has serious outcomes, is a dangerous situation that may ocur agains affected individuals in isolation or quarantine during this period.
It is important to keep these practices as short as possible, to support the society socially and economically, to facilitate access to the health system and to expand the mental health services in order to overcome this process with minimal damage.
Sociodemographic profile of pediatric poisoning cases
Authors: B. Arpitha , E. Adarsh , V. Rajanish K.
Published: May 2020

Background: Poisoning is one of the commonest cause of emergency hospital admission in children. The accidental poisoning is seen more commonly in toddlers and intentional poisoning is seen in adolescents. Rapid globalization and increased stress has increased the risk of suicidal poisoning. The accidental poisoning can be reduced by proper education to parents and by keeping poisonous substances out of reach of the child.Methods: The study was carried out over 18 months. Sociodemographic profile of pediatric cases was studied in department of  pediatrics at Rajarajeswari medical college and hospital. Descriptive study analysis was done.Results: During 18 month study period, 34 cases were analysed. The incidence was found to be 1.64%. Male:female ratio was found to be 1:1.6. Majority belonged to upper lower class and majority were from urban class.Conclusions: The importance childhood poisoning with its association with socio-demographic factors were studied and intervention were done.
Predictors of Physical Activity in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Fattahi Ali , Nikanjam Roya , Barati Mehr Majid , Moghimbeigi Abbas
Published: May 2020

Objective: Low physical activity is the fourth risk factor of death worldwide. Approximately 27% risk of diabetes is reduced by 150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week. The present study was designed to determine the predictors of physical activity promotion among type 2 diabetic patients.
Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study 320 patients with type 2 diabetes were included. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, consisting of three main parts; demographic characteristics, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) theoretical constructs. Statistical software package SPSS (SPSS Inc version 20) used for all statistical analyses. To determine physical activity and predictive factors a series of logistic regression and bivariate correlations and descriptive analysis were computed.
Results: About 57.5% of patients had moderate levels of physical activity. Significant positive correlation between subjective norms and attitudes toward behavior ( P -value= .0001) was seen. Significant positive correlations between behavioral intention and attitude toward the behavior ( P -value= .0001) and subjective norms ( P value= .0001) was observed.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed TPB based physical activity and demographic variable have key role in diabetic patient physical activity levels. To promote physical activity these findings can be used to design effective interventions.
The Effect of Aerobic Exercise & L-Carnitine Consumption on Diabetes Induced Apoptosis & Oxidative Stress Factors in Rat
Authors: Soheil Pour Meisam , Shakeri Nader , Ebrahim Khosrow , Ghazalian Farshad
Published: May 2020

Objective: The use of non-enzymatic antioxidants in the form of dietary supplements has a positive effect on reducing oxidative stress, and preventing apoptosis as they interrupt free radicals. The aim of this study was to investigate the aerobic exercise and Lcarnitine consumption impacts on diabetes induced apoptosis, oxidative stress factors, and mitochondrial enzymes in rats.
Materials and Methods: In this Clinical trial study, 45 male Wistar rats (200-300 g) were divided into six groups including sham, healthy control, diabetic control, diabetic & L-carnitine, diabetic & aerobic exercise, diabetic receiving L-carnitine & aerobic exercise . The rats attained a diabetic state with a single dose of STZ intraperitoneal injection (55 mg/kg body weight) and receiving Lcarnitine 100 mg per day. The aerobic exercise protocol including five sessions per week was administered. The heart tissues of the dependent variables were measured by ELISA 24 hours after the last session of the exercise program. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test at P -value< 0.05 were used to analyze the data.
Results: result show that aerobic exercise and L-carnitine consumption have a significant effect on BAX ( P -value= 0.001), Bcl-2 ( P -value= 0.001), and SOD ( P -value= 0.001) in diabetic rats.
Conclusion: The results of the present study confirm the role of aerobic exercise and L-carnitine in improving the indices of apoptosis and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic rats.
La aplicación de la cláusula PPT del Plan de Acción BEPS en la red de convenios de doble imposición suscritos por Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez Piñeros Jorge Leonardo
Published: May 2020

En 2013, la OCDE inició el desarrollo del Plan de Acción BEPS, conformado por 15 acciones en las que se proponen medidas tendientes, entre otras cosas, a evitar el uso abusivo de los convenios de doble imposición, el cual concluyó con la suscripción de un Instrumento Multilateral que permite la modificación simultánea de los cdi suscritos por los Estados. Dentro de las medidas propuestas por la OCDE en el Plan de Acción BEPS para evitar el uso abusivo de los cdi se encuentra la de incluir en el convenio una cláusula general anti-abuso consistente en la aplicación del Test de Propósito Principal (PPT), que podría tener efectos directos en los contribuyentes, por lo que resulta pertinente y necesario analizar el alcance y aplicación de dicha cláusula en la red de cdi suscritos por Colombia, para, de esa manera, dar a los contribuyentes y a las administraciones una visión más clara de la figura.
Tratamiento tributario del sector cooperativo y solidario en Colombia y Chile. Una mirada desde el ámbito constitucional, legal e internacional
Authors: Gamboa Saavedra Edith
Published: May 2020

Mediante este artículo se exponen los principales fundamentos de la Tributación del sector cooperativo y solidario tanto en Colombia como en Chile, de tal manera que se advierten sus principales características, diferencias y semejanzas, en relación con el impuesto de renta. El estudio parte de la realidad que en Colombia las cooperativas pertenecen al régimen tributario especial y son entidades sin ánimo de lucro; y en Chile son entidades sin fines de lucro de manera optativa. De igual forma, se explican los principales aspectos de la Ley 1819 de 2016 sobre las entidades de Derecho cooperativo y solidario.
Principio de favorabilidad en la etapa de cobro y situaciones jurídicas consolidades en materia de devoluciones de pagos en exceso
Authors: Rincón Palacio Adriana Paola
Published: May 2020

El presente artículo plantea la confrontación que existe entre el principio de favorabilidad en el proceso administrativo de cobro y las situaciones jurídicas consolidadas en materia de pagos en exceso, la cual se ha originado, entre otras, por las siguientes razones:

La reducción de las sanciones llevada a cabo por el legislador con la Ley 1819 de 2016.

La jurisprudencia de la Sección Cuarta del Consejo de Estado que, al momento de resolver las demandas de nulidad y restablecimiento del derecho presentadas contra las resoluciones que niegan excepciones, ha procedido a ajustar el monto de las sanciones cobradas.

El artículo 102 de la Ley 1943 de 2018, la cual fue declarada inexequible por la Corte Constitucional, consagró el principio de favorabilidad en la etapa de cobro en cualquier estado del proceso administrativo y sin exigir al deudor que allegue copia del auto que aceptó el desistimiento de la demanda presentada contra la resolución que negó las excepciones en el proceso de cobro. Adicionalmente, la norma no estableció que los valores pagados para acogerse al beneficio no son objeto de solicitud de devolución posterior. Falencias que fueron repetidas en la redacción el artículo 120 de la Ley 2010 de 2019.

En este orden de ideas, teniendo en cuenta que el título ejecutivo es el que delimita el monto de la obligación que puede exigir la Administración, así como las sumas de dinero que debe pagar el administrado, en el presente artículo se analiza cómo la jurisprudencia del Consejo de Estado, relacionada con la situación jurídica consolidada tratándose de pagos en exceso y la aceptación del principio de favorabilidad en la etapa de cobro, riñe con el principio de situación jurídica consolidada del título ejecutivo y con la normatividad vigente en materia del principio de favorabilidad en la etapa de cobro, lo cual seguramente redundará en un incremento de la litigiosidad y de posible detrimento patrimonial para la Administración tributaria.
Una aproximación al CVA para instituciones financieras en Colombia
Authors: Páez Montaña Andrés Felipe
Published: May 2020

En este documento se explican los componentes del ajuste a la valoración por riesgo de crédito (CVA, por sus iniciales en inglés) a partir de modelos teóricos, y se presentan ideas para su implementación por parte de instituciones financieras en Colombia utilizando herramientas informáticas comunes.
Dinámica de portafolios y control óptimo estocástico
Authors: Moreno T. John F.
Published: May 2020

Se presenta una introducción a la teoría de control óptimo estocástico y sus aplicaciones en el marco del problema de selección óptima de portafolios.
Análisis de montos y tasas del mercado de simultáneas en Colombia
Authors: Roberto-Vargas Valeria , Rojas-Silva Kimberly
Published: May 2020

El objetivo de este documento es identificar si el mercado de simultáneas, además de reflejar las condiciones de liquidez en pesos, ofrece información sobre las expectativas de desvalorizaciones de los bonos soberanos. Para ello, se clasifica cada operación (el estudio incluye las operaciones de simultáneas pactadas a plazo de un día hábil en el Sistema Electrónico de Negociación del Banco de la República, entre octubre de 2008 y abril de 2018) en tres rangos, que se construyen a partir del promedio y la desviación estándar del margen –entre la tasa promedio ponderada por monto de las simultáneas negociadas a plazo overnight y la tasa de política monetaria–. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de operaciones se concentran en el rango medio, cuyo margen se ubica entre ± una desviación estándar. El análisis descriptivo y estadístico de cada rango permite concluir que altos volúmenes de operaciones de simultáneas pactadas a tasas inusualmente bajas podrían indicar expectativas de desvalorizaciones de los bonos locales.
Valoración analítica de opciones asiáticas aritméticas continuas mediante transformadas de Fourier
Authors: Guavita F Diana L. , Moreno T. John F.
Published: May 2020

En este artículo se presenta la deducción de la ecuación diferencial parcial de segundo orden asociada al problema de valoración de opciones asiáticas aritméticas continuas, junto con la aplicación de la transformada de Fourier sobre los términos de la ecuación resultante después de una serie de cambios de variable. Se obtiene una solución analítica para el valor de este tipo de opciones.
Impact of consumer innovativeness on shopping styles: a case study of university students from Pakistan
Authors: Muqaddas Muhammad Fahid , Szakály Zoltán
Published: May 2020

This study examines the effects of various types of consumers’ innovativeness on the consumer shopping styles. The results highlight that social, hedonic and cognitive innovativeness have an impact on consumer shopping styles, but functional innovativeness doesn’t influence consumer shopping styles. The study is based on sample of university students from Rawalpindi and Islamabad and its outcomes pave grounds for marketers to develop a better understanding for marketing new products and services. New product and services can be designed to magnetize innovative consumers. Integrated marketing communications should be planned according to the shopping styles of innovative consumers. Youngsters being a sizeable market segment in Pakistan, therefore, this study will guide the marketers to understand this segment better. This study discovers the association between different kinds of innovative consumer and consumer shopping styles.
Segmenting Hungarian people based on healthy eating
Authors: Keller Veronika
Published: May 2020

Relying on customer trends healthy eating, which is one aspect of healthy lifestyle is becoming more and more popular. The aim of this study was to understand the healthy eating style of Hungarian adult consumers. An online empirical research with a sample of 1563 respondents (58.7% females and 41.3% males) was conducted in November 2018. Considering healthy eating two factors, namely the choice of healthy foods and the avoidance of unhealthy foods could be distinguished. A hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to segment consumers. Four groups of consumers were identified: unhealthy food avoiders (20.3%), rejecters (11.8%), neutrals (26.2%) and healthy food choosers (14.7%). Unhealthy food avoiders are seniors. Rejecters are blue collar workers and have financial problems. Healthy food choosers live in families with children over 10 and do not have weight problems. This study is useful for the health sector and the government since targeted marketing programs can be planned to change eating behavior. To decrease overweight and obesity is the goal of all society, especially in developed countries. To increase the well-being of people and their quality of life educating social marketing campaigns are necessary with the aim of raising their awareness and explaining the basic principles of a healthy diet.

JEL Classification: 112, M30, M39