bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiographic features of subungual keratoacanthomas in dogs
Authors: O'Toole Chelsea J. , Donovan Taryn A. , Le Roux Alexandre B.
Published: May 2022

Subungual keratoacanthoma (SK) is a digital neoplasm that has rarely been reported in dogs and carries an excellent prognosis following surgical removal. Radiographic features of canine SK have only been briefly discussed in two prior case reports. Both articles described extensive distal phalangeal osteolysis, a feature more commonly associated with malignant digital neoplasms (e.g., subungual squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or melanoma). This retrospective case series aimed to further characterize radiographic findings of histologically confirmed canine SK. Seven dogs met the inclusion criteria, with a total of seven affected digits. All seven digits (100%) had osteolysis of the distal phalanx's ungual process and crest, as well as regional soft tissue swelling. Osteolysis of the ungual process was severe in all cases, with complete destruction in six of seven digits (86%). Partial ungual crest geographic and expansile osteolysis was noted in four of seven digits (57%), while two digits (28%) had complete ungual crest destruction. Seven of seven digits (100%) had a radiographically thickened claw, and two of seven digits (28%) had associated lysis of the distal aspect of the middle phalanx. Based on these findings, an osteolytic subungual mass should not be considered pathognomonic for malignant neoplasia. Observing the imaging features previously described should prompt veterinarians to consider SK as a differential diagnosis.
A Review on Real-Time 3D Reconstruction Methods in Dynamic Scene
Authors: Nor'a Muhammad Nur Affendy , Fadzli Fazliaty Edora , Ismail Ajune Wanis
Published: May 2022

Advancements made in consumer and readily available RGB-D capturing devices have sparked researcher interest in 3D reconstruction, particularly in dynamic scenes, as well as the quality performance and its speed. The recent advancement in such devices supports the developments of various applications such as teleportation, gaming, volumetric video, and CG films. Real-time 3D reconstruction methods review in a dynamic scene of virtual environment is depicted in this paper. This provides an insight view on how real-time 3D reconstruction beneficial achievement further enables reconstruction systems to be managed in real-time technology such as virtual reality or augmented reality application.
Lazy Cops and Robber on Certain Cayley Graph
Authors: Sim Kai An , Tan Ta Sheng , Wong Kok Bin
Published: May 2022

The lazy cop number is the minimum number of cops needed for the cops to have a winning strategy in the game of Cops and Robber where at most one cop may move in any one round. This variant of the game of Cops and Robber, called Lazy Cops and Robber, was introduced by Offner and Ojakian, who provided bounds for the lazy cop number of hypercubes. In this paper, we are interested in the game of Lazy Cops and Robber on a Cayley graph of n copies of Zm+1.
Extraction rate of Valuable Compounds from Peanut Skin Waste by Ethanol-Assisted Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Modelling and Optimization
Authors: Putra Nicky Rahmana , Rizkiyah Dwila Nur , Abdul Aziz Ahmad Hazim , Idham Zuhaili , Qomariyah Lailatul , Che Yunus Mohd Azizi
Published: May 2022

Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the extraction rate of phenolic and flavonoid contents from peanut skin by supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) assisted by ethanol as entrainer. The studied extraction parameters were pressure (10 to 30 MPa), temperature (40 to 70 oC), and the ratio of ethanol (2.5 to 7.5%). Brunner’s and Esquivel’s models were applied to evaluate the extraction rate. The best-operating conditions, in the tested range, were 30 MPa, 40 °C, and 4.64% of ethanol ratio, with a maximum extraction rate of 0.22 mg/g.sec and 0.19 mg/g.sec of the phenolic and flavonoid content, respectively. The findings concluded that higher-pressure condition has a significant impact on the extraction rate of phenolic and flavonoid
Data Driven Technique for Palm Oil Mills Boiler Water Quality Monitoring in State of Perak Malaysia
Authors: Rusdi M.R. Izham , Bashkeran T. , Ahmad Z.
Published: May 2022

Steam boilers are widely used in oil palm mills industries which physically converting the water into steam. Heating water in the boiler allows solid waste such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, silica and ions to stay in the boiler and creates a solid waste layer that coats the tubes and boilers. This strong coating would increase the heating surface of the boiler and decrease the efficiency of heat transfer. This situation will also increase the consumption of fuel, causing the boiler to overheat, which in turn leads to tube failure. The impact of this issue will cause losses to the oil palm plantation due to the shutdown of unplanned plants. Therefore, for this study, Statistical Process Control (SPC) has been utilized to monitor the quality of the 6 parameters of the boiler and boiler feedwater for palm oil mill in Perak State Malaysia to overcome the problem stated above. Boxplot has been utilized to monitor continuously the parameter based on the probability distribution of the data according to ASME guidelines. The findings from this analysis show that some of the palm oil mills is able to maintain their boiler quality accordingly, however, on controlling the silica, hardness and total iron, its need further improvement.
Submicrometer spectromicroscopy of UO2 aged under high humidity conditions
Authors: Ditter Alex S. , Pacold Joseph I. , Dai Zurong , Lee Davisson M. , Vine David , Donald Scott B. , Chung Brandon W. , Shuh David K.
Published: May 2022

The oxidation of uranium dioxide is a complicated process, depending on factors including humidity, temperature, and microstructure. To further determine the characteristics of this process, UO2 particles were allowed to age and agglomerate under 98% relative humidity at room temperature for 378 days. A focused ion beam (FIB) section of this agglomeration was then measured at the O K-edge, U N5-edge, and C K-edge using the scanning transmission x-ray microscope (STXM) at the Advanced Light Source. O K-edge and U N5-edge x-ray absorption measurements allowed for the elemental and chemical species mapping of the agglomerates and indicated the formation of schoepite at the submicrometer scale in specific locations. Non-negative matrix factorization was employed to elucidate the main components at the O K-edge, which were uranyl (schoepite) formed primarily at the interface of the sample with controlled atmosphere, a UO2-like bulk component present in the majority of the sample, and an oxygen species present at the surface of the FIB section, which is likely adsorbed water. STXM spectromicroscopy measurements at the U N5-edge measurements also confirmed the location of oxidized uranium. This analysis is a valuable insight into the formation of schoepite on UO2 and shows the sensitivity to and utility of STXM spectromicroscopy for uranium speciation.
Cat-astrophic effects of sudden interruptions on spatial auditory attention
Authors: Liang Wusheng , Brown Christopher A. , Shinn-Cunningham Barbara G.
Published: May 2022

Salient interruptions draw attention involuntarily. Here, we explored whether this effect depends on the spatial and temporal relationships between a target stream and interrupter. In a series of online experiments, listeners focused spatial attention on a target stream of spoken syllables in the presence of an otherwise identical distractor stream from the opposite hemifield. On some random trials, an interrupter (a cat “MEOW”) occurred. Experiment 1 established that the interrupter, which occurred randomly in 25% of the trials in the hemifield opposite the target, degraded target recall. Moreover, a majority of participants exhibited this degradation for the first target syllable, which finished before the interrupter began. Experiment 2 showed that the effect of an interrupter was similar whether it occurred in the opposite or the same hemifield as the target. Experiment 3 found that the interrupter degraded performance slightly if it occurred before the target stream began but had no effect if it began after the target stream ended. Experiment 4 showed decreased interruption effects when the interruption frequency increased (50% of the trials). These results demonstrate that a salient interrupter disrupts recall of a target stream, regardless of its direction, especially if it occurs during a target stream.
Clinical Pharmacology and Utility of Contezolid in Chinese Patients with Complicated Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections
Authors: Yuan Hong , Wu Hailan , Zhang Yingyuan , Huang Haihui , Li Yi , Wu Junzhen , Cao Guoying , Yu Jicheng , Guo Beining , Wu Jufang , Yuan Zhengyu , Chen Yuancheng , Yang Wanqiu , Wu Xiaojie , Zhang Jing
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to build a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model for contezolid tablet (MRX-I) in healthy subjects and adults with complicated skin and soft-tissue infections (cSSTIs) to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of contezolid and recommend the optimal dosing regimen based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis. PopPK analysis was performed using a nonlinear mixed-effects model (NONMEM) to examine the effects of age, body weight, sex, liver and renal functions, albumin, food, dosage strength, and subject type on the PK parameters of contezolid.
Linking the Salmonella enterica 1,2-Propanediol Utilization Bacterial Microcompartment Shell to the Enzymatic Core via the Shell Protein PduB
Authors: Kennedy Nolan W. , Mills Carolyn E. , Abrahamson Charlotte H. , Archer Andre G. , Shirman Sasha , Jewett Michael C. , Mangan Niall M. , Tullman-Ercek Danielle
Published: May 2022

MCPs are unique, genetically encoded organelles used by many bacteria to survive in resource-limited environments. There is significant interest in understanding the biogenesis and function of these organelles, both as potential antibiotic targets in enteric pathogens and also as useful tools for overcoming metabolic engineering bottlenecks.
Adenosine Awakens Metabolism to Enhance Growth-Independent Killing of Tolerant and Persister Bacteria across Multiple Classes of Antibiotics
Authors: Kitzenberg David A. , Lee J. Scott , Mills Krista B. , Kim Ju-Sim , Liu Lin , Vázquez-Torres Andrés , Colgan Sean P. , Kao Daniel J.
Published: May 2022

Antibiotic tolerance, which is a hallmark of persister bacteria, contributes to treatment-refractory infections and the emergence of heritable antimicrobial resistance. Drugs that reverse tolerance and persistence may become part of the arsenal to combat antimicrobial resistance.
A Silent Operon of Photorhabdus luminescens Encodes a Prodrug Mimic of GTP
Authors: Shahsavari Negar , Wang Boyuan , Imai Yu , Mori Miho , Son Sangkeun , Liang Libang , Böhringer Nils , Manuse Sylvie , Gates Michael F. , Morrissette Madeleine , Corsetti Rachel , Espinoza Josh L. , Dupont Chris L. , Laub Michael T. , Lewis Kim
Published: May 2022

Drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria have become the major problem driving the antimicrobial resistance crisis. Searching outside the overmined actinomycetes, we focused on
Photorhabdus
, gut symbionts of enthomopathogenic nematodes that carry up to 40 biosynthetic gene clusters coding for secondary metabolites.
Genome Sequence of Fowlpox Virus-Integrated Reticuloendotheliosis Virus from a Rio Grande Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo
intermedia
)
Authors: Willis Bianca , Trautman Camille , Cox Faith , Lujan Tiffany , Hardin Jason , Dittmar Robert , Romano Camila , Brady Jeff , Edwards Dustin
Published: May 2022

We report the genome sequence of a nearly intact reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) insertion within a field strain of fowlpox virus from a Rio Grande wild turkey in Gillespie County, TX. The proviral REV genome comprises 7,943 bp and contains partial long terminal repeats.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
IMI 507026
Authors: Nikodinoska Ivana , Makkonen Jenny , Blande Daniel , Moran Colm
Published: May 2022

Here, we announce the draft genome sequence of
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
isolated from corn silage in Nicholasville, KY.
L. plantarum
IMI 507026 is deposited in the Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI) Culture Collection with the accession number IMI 507026.
PrrT/A, a Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacterial Encoded Toxin-Antitoxin System Involved in Prophage Regulation and Biofilm Formation
Authors: Shmidov Esther , Lebenthal-Loinger Ilana , Roth Shira , Karako-Lampert Sarit , Zander Itzhak , Shoshani Sivan , Danielli Amos , Banin Ehud
Published: May 2022

The functions attributed to bacterial TA systems are controversial and remain largely unknown. Our study suggests new insights into the potential functions of bacterial TA systems.
Temperature and Geographic Location Impact the Distribution and Diversity of Photoautotrophic Gene Variants in Alkaline Yellowstone Hot Springs
Authors: Bennett Annastacia C. , Murugapiran Senthil K. , Kees Eric D. , Sauer Hailey M. , Hamilton Trinity L.
Published: May 2022

Photosynthetic bacteria in hot springs are of great importance to both microbial evolution and ecology. While a large body of work has focused on oxygenic photosynthesis in cyanobacteria in Mushroom and Octopus Springs in Yellowstone National Park, many questions remain regarding the metabolic potential and ecology of hot spring anoxygenic phototrophs.
Viral RNA Load and Infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in Paired Respiratory and Oral Specimens from Symptomatic, Asymptomatic, or Postsymptomatic Individuals
Authors: Tallmadge Rebecca L. , Laverack Melissa , Cronk Brittany , Venugopalan Roopa , Martins Mathias , Zhang XiuLin , Elvinger François , Plocharczyk Elizabeth , Diel Diego G.
Published: May 2022

The dynamics of infection with SARS-CoV-2 have a significant impact on virus infectivity and in the diagnostic sensitivity of molecular and classic virus detection tests. In the present study we determined the diagnostic sensitivity of paired respiratory (nasopharyngeal and anterior nares swabs) and oral secretions (saliva and sublingual swab) and assessed infectious virus shedding patterns by symptomatic, asymptomatic, or postsymptomatic individuals.
About Derivatives in Analytic QCD
Authors: Kotikov A. V. , Zemlyakov I. A.
Published: May 2022

The importance of (fractional) derivatives is demonstrated in the case of analytic QCD. As an example, the Bjorken sum rule is considered.
Can NSI affect non-local correlations in neutrino oscillations?
Authors: Yadav Bhavna , Sarkar Trisha , Dixit Khushboo , Alok Ashutosh Kumar
Published: May 2022

Non-local correlations in entangled systems are usually captured by measures such as Bell’s inequality violation. It was recently shown that in neutrino systems, a measure of non-local advantage of quantum coherence (NAQC) can be considered as a stronger measure of non-local correlations as compared to the Bell’s inequality violation. In this work, we analyze the effects of non standard interaction (NSI) on these measures in the context of two flavour neutrino oscillations for DUNE, MINOS, T2K, KamLAND, JUNO and Daya Bay experimental set-ups. We find that even in the presence of NSI, Bell’s inequality violation occurs in the entire energy range whereas the NAQC violation is observed only in some specific energy range justifying the more elementary feature of NAQC. Further, we find that NSI can enhance the violation of NAQC and Bell’s inequality parameter in the higher energy range of a given experimental set-up; these enhancements being maximal for the KamLAND experiment. However, the possible enhancement in the violation of the Bell’s inequality parameter over the standard model prediction can be up to 11% whereas for NAQC it is 7%. Thus although NAQC is a comparatively stronger witness of nonclassicality, it shows lesser sensitivity to NSI effects in comparison to the Bell’s inequality parameter.
Dynamical stability analysis of accelerating f(T) gravity models
Authors: Duchaniya L. K. , Lohakare Santosh V. , Mishra B. , Tripathy S. K.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we have emphasized the stability analysis of the accelerating cosmological models obtained in f(T) gravity theory. The behaviour of the models based on the evolution of the equation of state parameter shows phantom-like behaviour at the present epoch. The scalar perturbation technique is used to create the perturbed evolution equations, and the stability of the models has been demonstrated. Also, we have performed the dynamical system analysis for both the models. In the two specific f(T) gravity models, three critical points are obtained in each model. In each model, at least one critical point has been observed to be stable.
Excited states of spin-(3/2) doubly-heavy baryons within the QCD sum rules method
Authors: Alrebdi H. I. , Alnahdi R. F. , Barakat T.
Published: May 2022

Within the framework of the QCD sum rules method, the masses and pole residues of the excited states 2S and 1P of the doubly-heavy spin-(3/2) baryons $$\Xi _{cc}^*$$

Ξ

cc

∗

, $$\Xi _{bb}^*$$

Ξ

bb

∗

, $$\Xi _{bc}^*$$

Ξ

bc

∗

, $$\Omega _{cc}^*$$

Ω

cc

∗

, $$\Omega _{bb}^*$$

Ω

bb

∗

, and $$\Omega _{bc}^*$$

Ω

bc

∗

are investigated. The excited state masses and pole residues are predicted with reasonable accuracy. We expect that soon, the current predictions can be tested against future experimental data.
A Comprehensive Study of Deep Learning-based Covert Communication
Authors: Anand Ashima , Kumar Singh Amit
Published: May 2022

Deep learning-based methods have been popular in multimedia analysis tasks, including classification, detection, segmentation, and so on. In addition to conventional applications, this model can be widely used for cover communication, i.e., information hiding. This article presents a review of deep learning-based covert communication scheme for protecting digital contents, devices, and models. In particular, we discuss the background knowledge, current applications, and constraints of existing deep learning-based information hiding schemes, identify recent challenges, and highlight possible research directions. Further, major role of deep learning in the area of information hiding are highlighted. Then, the contribution of surveyed scheme is also summarized and compared in the context of estimation of design objectives, approaches, evaluation metric, and weaknesses. We believe that this survey can pave the way to new research in this crucial field of information hiding in deep-learning environment.
Learning Semantically Rich Network-based Multi-modal Mobile User Interface Embeddings
Authors: Ang Gary , Lim Ee-Peng
Published: May 2022

Semantically rich information from multiple modalities—text, code, images, categorical and numerical data—co-exist in the user interface (UI) design of mobile applications. Moreover, each UI design is composed of inter-linked UI entities that support different functions of an application, e.g., a UI screen comprising a UI taskbar, a menu, and multiple button elements. Existing UI representation learning methods unfortunately are not designed to capture multi-modal and linkage structure between UI entities. To support effective search and recommendation applications over mobile UIs, we need UI representations that integrate latent semantics present in both multi-modal information and linkages between UI entities. In this article, we present a novel self-supervised model—Multi-modal Attention-based Attributed Network Embedding (MAAN) model. MAAN is designed to capture structural network information present within the linkages between UI entities, as well as multi-modal attributes of the UI entity nodes. Based on the variational autoencoder framework, MAAN learns semantically rich UI embeddings in a self-supervised manner by reconstructing the attributes of UI entities and the linkages between them. The generated embeddings can be applied to a variety of downstream tasks: predicting UI elements associated with UI screens, inferring missing UI screen and element attributes, predicting UI user ratings, and retrieving UIs. Extensive experiments, including user evaluations, conducted on datasets from RICO, a rich real-world mobile UI repository, demonstrate that MAAN out-performs other state-of-the-art models. The number of linkages between UI entities can provide further information on the role of different UI entities in UI designs. However, MAAN does not capture edge attributes. To extend and generalize MAAN to learn even richer UI embeddings, we further propose EMAAN to capture edge attributes. We conduct additional extensive experiments on EMAAN, which show that it improves the performance of MAAN and similarly out-performs state-of-the-art models.
Detecting Rogue Access Points Using Client-agnostic Wireless Fingerprints
Authors: Lin Yuxiang , Gao Yi , Li Bingji , Dong Wei
Published: May 2022

The broadcast nature of wireless media makes WLANs easily attacked by
rogue
Access Points (APs)
. Rogue AP attacks can potentially cause severe privacy leakage and financial loss. Hardware fingerprinting is the state-of-the-art technology to detect rogue APs since an attacker would find it difficult to set up a rogue AP with specific hardware fingerprints. However, existing hardware fingerprints not only depend on the AP but also depend on the client, significantly limiting their application scenarios. In this work, we investigate two novel
client-agnostic
fingerprints, which can be extracted using commercial off-the-shelf WiFi devices, to detect rogue APs. One is the
power amplifier non-linearity fingerprint
and the other is the
frame interval distribution fingerprint
. These two fingerprints remain consistent over time and space for the same AP but vary across different APs even with the same brand, model, and firmware. We use the fingerprint similarity between the candidate AP and the authorized AP for device authentication in typical indoor environments. We have also proposed a threshold-improved authentication scheme to improve the robustness of our system in dynamic environments. Our schemes can be implemented without modifying the infrastructural APs and can work well with new clients without rebuilding the fingerprint database. We evaluate our scheme in both in-lab and field scenarios, by analyzing 18 million WiFi packets. Results show that our scheme achieves an overall 96.55% positive detection rate and a 4.31% false alarm rate. Moreover, the threshold-improved authentication scheme can further reduce the false alarm rate by 13.0%-44.8% for dynamic environments.
Deepfake Video Detection via Predictive Representation Learning
Authors: Ge Shiming , Lin Fanzhao , Li Chenyu , Zhang Daichi , Wang Weiping , Zeng Dan
Published: May 2022

Increasingly advanced deepfake approaches have made the detection of deepfake videos very challenging. We observe that the general deepfake videos often exhibit appearance-level temporal inconsistencies in some facial components between frames, resulting in discriminative spatiotemporal latent patterns among semantic-level feature maps. Inspired by this finding, we propose a predictive representative learning approach termed Latent Pattern Sensing to capture these semantic change characteristics for deepfake video detection. The approach cascades a Convolution Neural Network-based encoder, a ConvGRU-based aggregator, and a single-layer binary classifier. The encoder and aggregator are pretrained in a self-supervised manner to form the representative spatiotemporal context features. Then, the classifier is trained to classify the context features, distinguishing fake videos from real ones. Finally, we propose a selective self-distillation fine-tuning method to further improve the robustness and performance of the detector. In this manner, the extracted features can simultaneously describe the latent patterns of videos across frames spatially and temporally in a unified way, leading to an effective and robust deepfake video detector. Extensive experiments and comprehensive analysis prove the effectiveness of our approach, e.g., achieving a very highest Area Under Curve (AUC) score of 99.94% on FaceForensics++ benchmark and surpassing 12 states of the art at least 7.90%@AUC and 8.69%@AUC on challenging DFDC and Celeb-DF(v2) benchmarks, respectively.
A Debugging Game for Probabilistic Models
Authors: Debbi Hichem
Published: May 2022

One of the major advantages of model checking over other formal methods is its ability to generate a counterexample when a model does not satisfy is its specification. A counterexample is an error trace that helps to locate the source of the error. Therefore, the counterexample represents a valuable tool for debugging. In Probabilistic Model Checking (PMC), the task of counterexample generation has a quantitative aspect. Unlike the previous methods proposed for conventional model checking that generate the counterexample as a single path ending with a bad state representing the failure, the task in PMC is completely different. A counterexample in PMC is a set of evidences or diagnostic paths that satisfy a path formula, whose probability mass violates the probability threshold.

Counterexample generation is not sufficient for finding the exact source of the error. Therefore, in conventional model checking, many debugging techniques have been proposed to act on the counterexamples generated to locate the source of the error. In PMC, debugging counterexamples is more challenging, since the probabilistic counterexample consists of multiple paths and it is probabilistic. In this article, we propose a debugging technique based on stochastic games to analyze probabilistic counterexamples generated for probabilistic models described as Markov chains in PRISM language. The technique is based mainly on the idea of considering the modules composing the system as players of a reachability game, whose actions contribute to the evolution of the game. Through many case studies, we will show that our technique is very effective for systems employing multiple components. The results are also validated by introducing a debugging tool called GEPCX (Game Explainer of Probabilistic Counterexamples).
Access to Justice and Legal Services Regulatory Reform
Authors: Sandefur Rebecca L. , Denne Emily
Published: May 2022

Researchers have launched a new era of studies exploring relationships between legal services regulation and access to justice. These scholarly developments respond to recent changes in how Anglo-American jurisdictions regulate the practice of law, changing who can make money from the practice of law, who can engage in it, and who can direct and control it. Often described as projects of deregulation, most are actually acts of reregulation. This article reviews empirical evidence of the relationship between these changes and access to justice. While evidence suggests some promise for increasing access, particularly through lawyerless legal services, most of these projects are in early stages and their impacts on access to justice will take some time to understand. Because much remains to explore, we also offer a research agenda for this emerging subfield.
The Oscillating Gut Microbiome and Its Effects on Host Circadian Biology
Authors: Litichevskiy Lev , Thaiss Christoph A.
Published: May 2022

The microbial community colonizing the gastrointestinal tract, collectively termed the gut microbiota, is an important element of the host organism due to its impact on multiple aspects of health. The digestion of food, secretion of immunostimulatory molecules, performance of chemical reactions in the intestine, and production of metabolites by the microbiota contribute to host homeostasis and disease. Recent discoveries indicate that these major functions are not constantly performed over the course of a day, but rather undergo diurnal fluctuations due to compositional and biogeographical oscillations in the microbiota. Here, we summarize the characteristics and origins of diurnal microbiome rhythms as well as their functional consequences for the circadian biology of the host. We describe the major known pathways of circadian host-microbiome communication and discuss possible implications of altered diurnal microbiome rhythms for human disease.
Electrochemical Aptasensor Based on Porous Reduced Graphene Oxide and Au@Fe3O4 Shell-Core Structure for Detection of Thiamethoxam in Green Leafy Vegetables
Authors: Kong Qianqian , Zhang Mei , Yue Fengling , Huang Jingcheng , Yang Fengzhen , Gao Xiaolin , Xiang Yaodong , Li Jiansen , Sun Xia , Guo Yemin , Zhu Yelong
Published: May 2022

In this work, a novel electrochemical aptasensor based on porous reduced graphene oxide (PrGO) and Au@Fe3O4 composites was constructed for the detection of thiamethoxam (TMX) in green leafy vegetables. PrGO was prepared by etching method, and the formed porous structure effectively overcame the problem of easy aggregation of graphene, and improved the specific surface area. The Au@Fe3O4 shell-core structure was synthesized, which organically combined the easy surface modification properties of gold nanoparticles with a large specific surface area of Fe3O4, providing a favorable loading interface for the immobilization of biological recognition elements. In addition, the composites of PrGO and Au@Fe3O4 showed a significant synergistic effect, effectively promoting the electron transfer and improving the electrochemical performance. Sulfhydryl-modified aptamer was used as a recognition elements to specifically recognize TMX. The constructed aptasensor exhibited a wide linear detection range of 0.1–1000 ng ml−1 and a limit of detection of 0.03 ng ml−1 (S/N = 3). The aptasensor also showed good stability, reproducibility and selectivity.
Communication—Cucurbituril Mediated Electronic Identification of Single Nucleobases
Authors: Xiao Bohuai , Li Yunchuan , Chang Shuai
Published: May 2022

Electronically detecting and identifying four DNA nucleosides offers great opportunity in DNA sequencing. By introducing a cage-shaped molecule cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) into the tunneling junction to capture nucleobases, we show that all four DNA nucleobases can be better detected and identified, in contrast to the results measured with bare electrodes, and a conductivity order of T < A ∼ C < G can be clearly revealed with a correct single base read up to 84% from each individual tunneling signal. This work provides a unique electronic approach in identifying single DNA bases and paves the way for the realization of high-precision DNA single-molecule analysis using tunneling current.
Comparison of Response Surface Methodologies and Artificial Neural Network Approaches to Predict the Corrosion Rate of Carbon Steel in Soil
Authors: Chung Nguyen Thuy , Choi Soek-Ryul , Kim Jung-Gu
Published: May 2022

Soil corrosion is a critical problem that has recently interested many scientists. Several soil factors affect the corrosion rate of carbon steel, and they can all be relevant at the same time, thus making it difficult to maintain conditions across soil corrosion studies. There are currently two potential methods for predicting corrosion rates in a complex environment such as soils: the response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). RSM is the method using statistics to design experiments, while ANN predicts the corrosion rate through training based on human brain systems. In this study, these two methods will be implemented to predict the corrosion rate of carbon steel considering three factors: pH, temperature, and chloride. The prediction of corrosion rate is successful in both methods, and they have their own advantages and disadvantages.
An isoproteic cocoa butter-based ketogenic diet fails to improve glucose homeostasis and promote weight loss in obese mice
Authors: Greenwell Amanda A. , Saed Christina T. , Tabatabaei Dakhili Seyed Amirhossein , Ho Kim L. , Gopal Keshav , Chan Jordan S. F. , Kaczmar Oksana O. , Dyer Scott A. , Eaton Farah , Lopaschuk Gary D. , Al Batran Rami , Ussher John R.
Published: May 2022

It has been demonstrated that ketogenic diets may be a nutritional strategy for alleviating hyperglycemia and promoting weight loss in obesity. However, there are a number of inconsistencies with many of these studies, especially with regard to the macronutrient and micronutrient compositions of the diets being compared. Our work demonstrates that a ketogenic diet that is both micronutrient-matched and isoproteic with its comparator diets fails to improve glycemia or promote weight loss in obese mice.
Circadian clocks of the kidney: function, mechanism, and regulation
Authors: Costello Hannah M. , Johnston Jermaine G. , Juffre Alexandria , Crislip G. Ryan , Gumz Michelle L.
Published: May 2022

An intrinsic cellular circadian clock is located in nearly every cell of the body. The peripheral circadian clocks within the cells of the kidney contribute to the regulation of a variety of renal processes. In this review, we summarize what is currently known regarding the function, mechanism, and regulation of kidney clocks. Additionally, the effect of extrarenal physiological processes, such as endocrine and neuronal signals, on kidney function is also reviewed. Circadian rhythms in renal function are an integral part of kidney physiology, underscoring the importance of considering time of day as a key biological variable. The field of circadian renal physiology is of tremendous relevance, but with limited physiological and mechanistic information on the kidney clocks this is an area in need of extensive investigation.
Mechanism of Extruding Flowing Floor Heave in Mining Gateways Using an Elastic Foundation Beam Model
Authors: Chen Pan , Yu Yuan-Xiang , Gu Shuan-Cheng
Published: May 2022

Considering the action of high bearing pressures, a mechanical model of a coal wall mining gateway is established based on the elastic theory. The stress‐strain distribution of the coal body is also discussed. According to the compression column model, under the action of the peak‐bearing pressure, the maximum horizontal tensile strain in the coal wall is located at 0.65 times the height of the roadway. Furthermore, a theoretical formula for the limit equilibrium zone width and the ultimate tensile strain of the coal body was proposed. The results show that the width of the limit equilibrium zone of the coal wall is related to the ultimate tensile strain of the coal body, the maximum bearing pressure, Poisson’s ratio, the elastic modulus, the original rock stress, and the width of the elastic zone. The maximum shearing breakage depth and position of the floor rock under the plastic flow extruded through coal walls are discussed. Finally, taking the 350–450 m section of the transportation lane in the 14501 working face of Bailiang coal mine as an example, the limit equilibrium of the wall width and the floor breakage depth are calculated on the basis of the relevant parameters. Based on the results, bolt support parameters are designed, which enhance the stability of surrounding rock significantly, providing a theoretical reference for the prevention of liquid gateway floor heave.
A Study on Integrity Testing for Platform-Pile Systems considering Wave Propagation
Authors: Fu Minghui , Lin Meihong
Published: May 2022

Platform-pile systems are typically used in bridge foundations and seaport structures. These systems are difficult to analyze using a conventional low-strain integrity test (LST) due to periodic oscillations. A staggered-grid finite-difference (SFD) method is proposed for a platform-pile system in soil and verified with ABAQUS and measured data. Different impact locations on the top surface of the platform and the lateral surface of the pile are analyzed, and parallel velocities are obtained at different locations. Choosing an appropriate impact location reduces the influence of the periodic oscillation signal; the impact locations at the center of symmetry are the best choices. At the same impact energy, the impact location should not be outside the cross section of the pile when the impact occurs on the top surface of the platform to achieve a meaningful damage signal. When the impact locations are on the lateral surface of the pile, the interferences are relatively small, and the damage vibration signal can be detected. The material and size of the hammer determine the impact duration and should be chosen to reduce the high-frequency influences and obtain reasonable data for analysis.
Multi-Inertial Sensor-Based Arm 3D Motion Tracking Using Elman Neural Network
Authors: Yang Haoran , Wang Yong , Wang Huiqing , Shi Yunde , Zhu Lifeng , Kuang Yujin , Yang Yuan
Published: May 2022

Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of microelectromechanical systems, and human motion tracking technology based on IMU (inertial measurement unit) has attracted much attention. However, the magnetic field varies with time and position, which makes it necessary to calibrate sensors before tracking. To address the poor adaptability of IMU to the environments and improve the accuracy of estimated traces, this paper presents an ENN-based (Elman neural network) method to track human arm motions, which consists of two steps. First, the data derived from IMUs are preprocessed for the rough Euler angles; then, an ENN is trained to estimate motions. We explore the initially estimated position to calibrate the acceleration measurements as the input of the ENN. Real-world experiments of arm motion tracking are carried out with the ground truth from an optical motion tracking system. The experimental results show that the mean tracking errors are around 35 mm, with a strong ability to eliminate the effect of extreme measurement and environment noises, avoiding calibrating the magnetometer. The implementation of the well-trained model to independent motions indicates that the robustness of the proposed method is excellent, and the errors reduce by 37.2% on the

x

-axis and perform similarly on the

z

-axis compared with 4 traditional methods. This method quite suits those situations where trajectory tracking of the standardized motions is required, such as the medical habilitation.
Human Capital and Rural Households’ Vulnerability to Relative Poverty: Evidence from China
Authors: Su Jianfeng , Guo Shurui
Published: May 2022

Drawing on three‐wave panel data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) of 2014, 2016, and 2018, this paper measures rural households’ vulnerability to relative poverty using the three‐stage feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) model. We analyze the impact of human capital on vulnerability to relative poverty by using the two‐way fixed‐effected model and panel quantile regression. Empirical results exhibited that labor force migration, health, education, and working experience all have a negative effect on vulnerability to relative poverty. Labor force migration has the greatest negative effect among the four factors. Heterogeneity analysis results exhibited that labor force migration has the biggest negative effect in the east region. Health and education have the greatest negative impact in the central region. Labor force migration, health, work experience, and education have a greater effect on nonpoor households than on poor households.
Novel Analysis of Fuzzy Fractional Klein-Gordon Model via Semianalytical Method
Authors: Alshammari Mohammad , Mohammed Wael W. , Yar Mohammed
Published: May 2022

The current article discusses the new fuzzy iterative transform method, a hybrid methodology based on fuzzy logic and an iterative transformation technique. We demonstrate the consistency of our technique by employing the Caputo derivative under generalized Hukuhara differentiability to construct fractional fuzzy Klein-Gordon equations with the initial fuzzy condition. The series produced result was calculated and compared to the exact result’s recommended equations. Two problems were used to verify our method, with the results approximated in fuzzy form. The upper and lower half of the fuzzy results were approximated in each of the two examples using two distinct fractional orders between zero and one. Because it globalizes the dynamical behavior of the specified equation, it produces all forms of fuzzy results at any fractional order between 0 and 1. Since fuzzy numbers offer their results in a fuzzy form with lower and upper branches, the unknown amount also adds fuzziness. It is crucial to emphasize that the suggested fuzziness method is intended to demonstrate the efficiency and superiority of numerical solutions to nonlinear fractional fuzzy partial differential equations found in complex and physical structures.
Development of Atorvastatin Calcium Biloaded Capsules for Oral Administration of Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Senthilvel Chitra Karthikeyini , Karuppaiyan Kavitha , Pothumani Ananth , Vedharethinam Ananthi , Jose Ancy Wilfred , Muthu Mohamed Jamal Moideen , Sherbiny Mohamed El , Ebrahim Hasnaa Ali , Shafey Mohamed El , Dejene Minilu
Published: May 2022

The goal of this study was to develop atorvastatin (ATN) calcium biloaded, i.e., immediate release (IR) and sustained release (SR) capsules that would promote the quick onset of action and a better dissolution profile on both the IR and SR aspects. The IR granules were prepared by the wet granulation method, and an aqueous solubility study proved that the IR granules released the ATN within 25 min compared to the pure drug due to the addition of PEG and super disintegrants such as croscarmellose (CC) and crospovidone (CP). The sustained release nanoparticles (SR-NPs) were synthesized using a solvent evaporation technique and an optimal combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers. The addition of a hydrophobic polymer to a hydrophilic polymer delays drug release, resulting in a sustained and controlled release lasting up to 12 hours. The drug release of ATN from SR nanoparticles followed the Higuchi and Korsmeyer–Peppas models and had first-order kinetics (r2 = ???). Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, powder X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetric analysis were used to test the prepared biloaded capsules, and the results showed that there was no significant interaction between the polymers, excipients, and drug. The SEM and DLS analysis clearly demonstrated that drug particles in a continuous layer were enclosed by polymers at the nanoscale. To summarise, integrating both layers into a single capsule resulted in a superior release profile and patient compliance. Finally, prepared biloaded capsules were discovered to exhibit both an IR and an SR profile.
Talar Body Fracture Treated by Hindfoot Endoscopic Reduction and Internal Fixation
Authors: Shimmyo Airi , Morimoto Shota , Tachibana Toshiya , Iseki Tomoya
Published: May 2022

Background. A talar body fracture is relatively rare. Surgical treatment for the fracture is generally indicated for the displaced fracture types and traditionally performed via open approaches. However, open approaches may not be able to achieve adequate exposure of the talus body owing to the difficulty in achieving reduction and fixation of the fracture. In this case report, we describe a case of talar body fracture treated by hindfoot endoscopic reduction and internal fixation. Case report. A 39-year-old man who was a carpenter complained of right hindfoot pain after he fell from a stepladder during work. Although plain radiographs of the right ankle showed no abnormal findings, noncontrast computed tomography demonstrated a fracture line from the lateral side of the posterior lateral process to the medial side of the talus body. In addition, the fracture line extended to the posterior ankle and subtalar joints, and the bone fragment was slightly displaced. We diagnosed him with the talar body fracture and performed operative treatments using hindfoot endoscopic reduction and internal fixation. At 14 weeks after the operation, he was able to return to work at the preinjury activity level without dysfunction of the ankle nor complications. Conclusion. We reported a case of talar body fracture treated by hindfoot endoscopic reduction and internal fixation. In this case, the hindfoot endoscopic technique provided visualization of the fracture site with less invasiveness and increased safety, which enabled proper reduction and internal fixation of the fracture site. Therefore, the patient was able to return to work at the preinjury activity level at 14 weeks after surgery without dysfunction of the ankle nor complications. This surgical technique may be a useful option for the talar body fracture.
BHLHE41 Overexpression Alleviates the Malignant Behavior of Colon Cancer Cells Induced by Hypoxia via Modulating HIF-1α/EMT Pathway
Authors: Chen Sheng , Dong Quan-Jin , Wan Zi-Ang , Gao Shan , Tu Shi-Liang , Chai Rui
Published: May 2022

Objective. BHLHE41 has been shown to be a marker of tumorigenesis. Colon cancer (CC) is a common malignant tumor of colonic mucosa. This study mainly explored the mechanism of BHLHE41 in alleviating malignant behavior of hypoxia-induced CC cells. Methods. The levels of BHLHE41 in CC and normal cell lines were tested by Western blot and qRT-PCR. After, CC cells were subjected to hypoxia treatment and BHLHE41 overexpression transfection, and the BHLHE41 expression, the effect of BHLHE41 on CC cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion and cell cycle were tested by qRT-PCR and relevant cell functional experiments. HIF-1α and epithelial-mesenchymal transition- (EMT-) related proteins were tested by Western blot. Moreover, CC tumor-bearing model was established in nude mice, and the effect of BHLHE41 on the tumor was evaluated by measuring the tumor volume and weight. Then, the expressions of BHLHE41 and EMT-related proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results. Western blot and qRT-PCR showed that BHLHE41 was lowly expressed in CC cells. BHLHE41 overexpression could inhibit the hypoxia-induced CC cell viability, migration, and invasion, induce apoptosis, and alter cell cycle. Besides, BHLHE41 overexpression could enhance the levels of E-cadherin but reduce the levels of HIF-1α, N-cadherin, vimentin, and MMP9 in hypoxia-induced CC cells. Moreover, BHLHE41 overexpression reduced tumor volume, weight, and EMT-related proteins levels in tumor tissues. Conclusions. BHLHE41 overexpression could mitigate the malignant behavior of hypoxia-induced CC via modulating the HIF-1α/EMT pathway.
Macro-Micro Study on Mechanical Properties of Frozen Fine Sandstone Based on DEM Mathematical Model
Authors: Ma Maoyan , You Min , Peng Shuguang , Zhang Biao , Lin Yuan
Published: May 2022

The study of freezing rock mechanical properties is getting more and more urgent because of coal mine construction in western China. Particle discrete element method (DEM) can describe discontinuous medium problem mathematically. In order to reveal the mechanical failure mechanism of frozen fine sandstone, the uniaxial compressive strength test of frozen fine sandstone was carried out, and then, DEM was used to simulate the uniaxial test of frozen fine sandstone. Furthermore, the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology was used to obtain pore distribution of the freezing sandstone. Finally, the results of NMR test and discrete element simulation were combined to reveal the microscopic mechanism of mechanical change in freezing fine sandstone. The DEM results show that the strength of frozen fine sandstone increases with the decrease of temperature. With the decrease of temperatures, strain softening occurs in frozen sandstone, which indicates that the discrete element simulation results are in good agreement with the uniaxial test results. Therefore, DEM can be used to simulate the mechanical behavior of frozen fine sandstone. At the same time, the DEM results also indicate that the formation and development of the shear band are the precursor of the failure of the sample. Furthermore, the NMR test confirms that temperature has a great impact on the pore distribution of sandstone. With the decrease of temperature, the pore ice content increases greatly, which induces a great decrease in NMR porosity and a vast decrease in the proportion of large and medium pores in all pores. Meanwhile, with the growth of the cohesion induced by increasing ice content, the uniaxial compressive strength increases macroscopically.