bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI METODE PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD PADA MATA PELAJARAN PAI DI SMP BOARDING SCHOOL JABAL RAHMAH MULIA
Authors: Nabilah Nurfitri  , Nurman Ginting
Published: August 2024

implementasi metode belajar kooperatif tipe Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) dalam konteks mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) di SMP Boarding School Jabal Rahmah Mulia. Metode belajar kooperatif STAD dikenal sebagai pendekatan yang mempromosikan kerja sama antar-siswa, serta partisipasi aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi bagaimana metode STAD diterapkan khususnya dalam mata pelajaran PAI dan bagaimana hal ini memengaruhi interaksi sosial siswa, keterlibatan mereka dalam pembelajaran agama, serta dampaknya terhadap pencapaian akademik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data berupa observasi kelas, wawancara dengan guru, dan analisis dokumen kurikulum.  Siswa terlibat aktif dalam kerja sama tim, berkontribusi pada pembelajaran rekan-rekan mereka, dan memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang konsep-konsep agama. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi beberapa tantangan dalam implementasi metode STAD, seperti manajemen waktu dan peran guru dalam mengelola kelompok siswa. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi pada pemahaman tentang potensi metode belajar kooperatif dalam meningkatkan pengajaran dan pembelajaran mata pelajaran agama di lingkungan pendidikan berasrama. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi panduan bagi sekolah asrama lainnya yang ingin memanfaatkan metode STAD dalam mengembangkan pemahaman agama, keterampilan sosial, dan pencapaian akademik siswa.
Peran Pembelajaran PAI dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Wawasan Agama Islam pada Era Digital di SMP SWASTA MUHAMMADIYAH 8 MEDAN
Authors: Hasri Rahwaniko  , Nurjannah
Published: August 2024

This research expresses an opinion about the role of learning in Islamic religious education. students in class XI at SMP Muhammadiyah 8 Medan. This research presents problems in learning Islamic religious education in the digital era/industrial revolution era 4.0. This era, directly or indirectly, has ushered in many changes in the life of Islamic religious education. Islamic religious education is now faced with challenges. new problems, demands and needs that have never existed before. So it is necessary to update and innovate systems, governance, curriculum, human resource competencies, facilities and infrastructure, culture, work ethic, and so on. The role of Islamic Religious Education teachers in maintaining students' religious values and the condition of students' religiosity at Muhammadiyah Private Middle School 8 Medan in maintaining Islamic values among students in the digital era. This type of research is descriptive qualitative, namely explaining in depth what it is. According to the data collected. The informant in this research was 1 Islamic Religious Education teacher. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews.
PENGARUH USEFULNESS, COMFORTABLE, DAN EASE TO USE TERHADAP USE BEHAVIOUR APLIKASI ZOOM CLOUD MEETINGS PADA MAHASISWA
Authors: Marthina Selsa Sirait  , Christian Wiradendi Wolor  , Marsofiyati
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji Pengaruh Usefulness, Comfortable, Dan Ease to Use Terhadap Use Behaviour Aplikasi Zoom Cloud Meetings. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: 1) Usefulness berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap zoom use behavior.2) confortable berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap zoom use behavior. 3) ease to use berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap use behavior. Dari hasi penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan dari usefulness, comfortable, dan ease to use terhadap use behaviour aplikasi zoom cloud meetings pada mahasiswa.
MANAJEMEN TENAGA PENDIDIK DAN KEPENDIDIKAN
Authors: Juwita Qoyyimatus Sa’adah  , Shiva Aulia Ramadhani  , Navaya Aurelia Kurnia Devi  , Novi Shofariyah  , Afin NajwaAulia  , Isa Rahma Farzana  , Ayu Wulandari  , Nuphanudin
Published: August 2024

Pengelolaan pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan merupakan suatu kegiatan yang wajib dilaksanakan mulai dari pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan masuk ke dalam organisasi pendidikan hingga akhirnya berhenti melalui proses pendidikan dan latihan pengembangan serta pemberhentian. Tujuan manajemen pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan adalah mengelola dan mengatur kinerja pendidik yang akan mempengaruhi hasil belajar peserta didik. Selain itu, landasannya adalah standar nasional pendidikan. Dalam Peraturan Pemerintah 57/2021 pasal 20 disebutkan bahwa standar pendidik adalah kriteria minimal kompetensi dan kualifikasi yang dimiliki pendidik untuk melaksanakan tugas dan fungsinya sebagai teladan, perancang pembelajaran, fasilitator, dan motivator peserta didik.
Strategi Komunikasi Guru Dalam Menumbuhkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 6 Pekanbaru
Authors: Safitri Tia , Siti Quratul Ain
Published: August 2024

Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana Strategi Komunikasi Guru Dalam Menumbuhkan Motivasi Melajar Siswa Kelas V di SD Negeri 06 Pekanbaru. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriftif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Strategi Komunikasi Guru Dalam Menumbuhkan Motivasi Melajar Siswa Kelas V di SD Negeri 06 Pekanbaru. Teknik pengumpulan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini meliputi: wawancara, observasi serta dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data kualiltatif Miles and Huberman. Berdasarkan hasil analisus data yang telah dilakukan, Strategi Komunikasi Guru Dalam Menumbuhkan Motivasi Melajar Siswa Kelas V di SD Negeri 06 Pekanbaru. didapati guru telah dapat menrapkan strategi komunikasi verbal dan non verbal dengan baik. Namun motivasi belajar siswa masih terbilang kurang sesuai aspek yang telah diteliti dan diamati. Adapun tanda seperti kurangnya motivasi belajar siswa pada pembelajaran motivasi belajar siswa masih terlihat kurang baik ini terlihat dengan siswa yang malu bertanya, cendrung diam saja dikelas, mengerjakan tugas malas, bermain ketika diberikan tugas guru meskipun kondisi lingkungan belajar cukup baik dan nyaman.
Upaya Peningkatan Kesejahteraan dan Profesionalisme Tenaga Pendidik di SDN JERUK 1/ 469 SURABAYA
Authors: Wulandari Rahma Ayu , Aj-Jaudah Salsabila , Windasari Windasari , Hanivia Cindy Agustin
Published: August 2024

Upaya untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan mengasah keterampilan para guru merupakan aspek penting dalam kemajuan pengajaran suatu negara. Guru memegang peranan penting dalam membentuk kualitas pengajaran serta membentuk karakter dan pola pikir siswa. Meski begitu, mereka seringkali dihadapkan pada berbagai tantangan, seperti beban kerja yang tinggi dan kebutuhan akan sumber daya. Dorongan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan menjadi semakin penting dalam masa globalisasi, di mana pengajaran berkualitas menjadi kunci daya saing dunia. Di tengah perubahan pemahaman terhadap panggilan mengajar, terdapat kebutuhan akan partisipasi antara pemerintah, pendidikan instruktif, dan masyarakat untuk merencanakan dan melaksanakan program yang meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan keterampilan guru. Teori ini menguraikan pentingnya upaya kolaboratif dalam menciptakan lingkungan pembelajaran berkualitas yang siap menghadapi tantangan masa depan.
Proses Rekrutmen dan Seleksi Tenaga Pendidik dan Kependidikan Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pendidikan di SMPN 34 Surabaya
Authors: Chelsea Rismananda , Putri Nabila Ica , Trihantoyo Syunu
Published: August 2024

Masyarakat saat ini sangat memperhatikan kualitas sebuah sekolah atau lembaga pendidikan, banyak tenaga pendidik yang tidak linier dengan pengalaman pendidikannya sehingga kurang dalam menguasai konsep pembelajaran dan materi yang akan disampaikan dalam proses belajar mengajar kepada para peserta didik. Setiap instansi pendidikan terutama pada Sekolah Menengah Pertama yang sangat memiliki peran penting dalam jejak keberhasilan siswa di masa depan, harapan setiap sekolah yaitu ingin mendapat tenaga pendidik dan kependidikan yang berkualitas, memiliki kompetensi dalam bidang keilmuannya dan tentunya dapat beradaptasi  dalam mengembangkan teknologi pada era globalisai. Hal ini tentunya harus diperhatikan terutama pada sistem rekrutmen dan seleksi tenaga pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan. Tujuan artikel ini adalah mengetahui sistem rekrutmen dan seleksi tenaga pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pendidikan di SMPN 34 Surabaya. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi bentuk wawancara yaitu mendapat informasi dari narasumber serta data dari referensi yang relevan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sistem rekrutmen dan seleksi tenaga pendidik dan tenaga pendidikan di SMPN 34 Surabaya telah dikoordinir secara terstruktur oleh regulasi Pemerintahan Kota Surabaya, terdapat dua kualifikasi tes yaitu CPNS dan P3K dengan seleksi tes yang berbeda.
Menganalisis Kebijakan Kesejahteraan Guru Honorer Terhadap Peningkatan Kualitas Pendidikan di SMKN 1 Driyorejo
Authors: Rizqia Rachmi Alfie , Febrianti Zahroh Icha , Puspita Ribiana Alyadea , Windasari Windasari
Published: August 2024

Studi ini memanfaatkan studi kasus guru honorer dan PNS di SMKN 1 Driyorejo. Studi ini meenggunakan pendekatan kualitatif.  Analisis kebutuhan, pengumuman lowongan, penerimaan lamaran, seleksi, dan penandatanganan kontrak kerja adalah semua bagian dari proses rekrutmen guru honorer yang terbuka dan transparan. Dengan Undang-Undang Guru dan Dosen dan Undang-Undang Pemerintahan Daerah, pemerintah bertanggung jawab atas kesejahteraan guru honorer; namun, kebijakan lebih lanjut diperlukan, seperti jaminan gaji, pelatihan, kontrak kerja, payung hukum, sertifikasi, anggaran, dan tunjangan kesejahteraan. Kepala SMKN 1 Driyorejo menerapkan gaya kepemimpinan yang baik; tidak ada perbedaan antara guru honorer dan PNS; memberikan motivasi, pelatihan, seminar, dan evaluasi kinerja; dan memastikan guru honorer memiliki SK Dinas dan informasi CPNS. Permasalahkan guru honorer seperti adanya kontrak kerja yang memiliki waktu jangka pendek da kompensasi dapat diatasi untuk mensejahterahkan guru honorer
Optimalisasi Sistem Online Single Submission pada Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Terhadap Usaha Mikro Kecil Kota Lubuklinggau
Authors: Yanti Fitri , Lestari Umi Fitriana
Published: August 2024

This research aims to determine the optimization of the Online Single Submission (OSS) system at the Investment and One-Stop Integrated Service Office for Micro and Small Enterprises in Lubuklinggau City and the factors that hinder it. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method intended to provide a clear and comprehensive depiction with assured accuracy of the existing issues. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research results indicate that the optimization of the OSS system at the Investment and One-Stop Integrated Service Office for Micro and Small Enterprises in Lubuklinggau City has been quite optimal because: 1) Communication within OSS through socialization to the public regarding OSS and communication from OSS operators and the Investment and One-Stop Integrated Service Office has been good, as business actors are given explanations on the requirements for processing until the business identification number (NIB) is issued, in line with the vision and mission of the Investment and One-Stop Integrated Service Office; 2) The resources (operators) tasked with operating the OSS application system number two people, as OSS services do not take a long time because when all requirements have been fulfilled by business actors, the service can be quickly completed, supported by facilities and infrastructure such as computers, printers, and internet networks; 3) The disposition or attitude and commitment of the Investment and One-Stop Integrated Service Office have been quite good.
Leading Systemwide Improvement in Elementary Science Education: Managing Dilemmas of Education System Building
Authors: Seeber Emily Rose , Spillane James P. , Yin Xiaoyu , Haverly Christa , Quan Weiyu
Published: August 2024

Reforming instruction is challenging. In this comparative case study of 12 school districts, we investigated the dilemmas that emerged for system leaders as they engaged in system building for elementary science and the approaches leaders took in managing them. We found that system leaders’ efforts to manage their environments contributed to the preferential treatment of literacy and mathematics relative to science. Leaders managed this dilemma using three strategies: (a) integration of science with other subjects, (b) specialization of teachers, and (c) adopting curriculum materials. This study contributes to literature on dilemma management by showing that dilemmas in education system building are school-subject sensitive, emerge in relation to system building for other subjects, and are embedded in school and education systems’ structural/organizational arrangements.
Measuring the gamma band entropy variance is a novel method to compare the efficacy of neurofeedback in the left temporal region and in the right temporal region for dyslexia: Pilot study
Authors: Eroglu Gunet
Published: August 2024

Background/aim: The smartphone application called Auto Train Brain aims to improve reading comprehension and speed for people with dyslexia through neurofeedback. Clinical trials have been conducted to examine the efficacy of neurofeedback on dyslexia. However, accurately measuring long-term outcomes with rapidly changing EEG data can be challenging without the use of psychometric tests. To overcome this issue, a novel measurement method was developed using the sample entropy variance calculated in the gamma band to compare different sessions.
Materials and methods: 40 children with dyslexia aged 7 to 10 consisted of the experimental group that was randomly assigned and they used Auto Train Brain for six months.
Results: Results of the study showed that after 100 sessions, the 14-channel neurofeedback with Auto Train Brain was more effective in increasing the gamma band entropy variance in the left temporal lobe (T7) compared to that of the right temporal lobe (T8).
Conclusion: Using the measurement of gamma band entropy variance was identified as a suitable approach to assess the success of neurofeedback.
Keywords: Neurofeedback, sample entropy, Auto Train Brain, learning disorders, dyslexia, EEG.
Assessment of Awareness and Knowledge Levels of Individuals Over the Age of 18 Regarding Automated External Defibrillator
Authors: Soysal Ganime Esra , Çelebi Ebru
Published: August 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the levels of awareness and knowledge pertaining to automated external defibrillator (AED) devices among individuals aged 18 and older.
Methods: The population for this descriptive study encompassed all individuals aged 18 and above. The study sample included literate individuals who expressed a willingness to participate and had access to the internet. A total of 217 individuals were enrolled in the study. Data were collected between November and December 2021 via a 'Data Collection Form' and an 'AED Information Form'. These forms were distributed to participants through a link generated on surveey.com.
Results: The mean age of the study participants was 31.92±10.9 years. Of the participants, 65.9% (n:143) were employed in fields unrelated to healthcare, and 10.6% (n:23) held first-aid certifications. Findings revealed that 47.0% (n:102) of the participants had prior knowledge of AEDs, while 57.6% (n:125) were unaware of AED locations. A total of 53.0% (n:115) were uncertain about who could operate an AED, 84.3% (n:183) lacked knowledge about AED operation, and 79.7% (n:173) expressed a desire for AED device and usage training. Importantly, participants with first-aid training exhibited higher levels of AED-related knowledge.
Conclusion: Despite the relatively low baseline knowledge and awareness of AEDs among participants, there is a clear willingness to receive education on this life-saving device.
Development of A Decision Support System Algorithm for Human Resource Evaluation
Authors:   Department of Computer Technology. Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Akaki Tsereteli State University, Kutaisi, Georgia, Basheleishvili Irakli , Kapanadze Giorgi ,   Department of Computer Technology. Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Akaki Tsereteli State University, Kutaisi, Georgia
Published: August 2024

The study addresses a critical issue in the human resource planning process: the evaluation of human resources. The main objective is to develop a robust methodology and algorithm for human resource evaluation using multicriteria decision-making techniques. By integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and ELECTRE methods, we offer a novel approach that enhances the precision and reliability of evaluations. To demonstrate the practical application and efficacy of our proposed methodology, we developed a decision support system prototype. This system serves as a proof of concept, illustrating how the methodology and algorithm can be integrated into real-world human resource planning processes.
البنية الصوتية في مراثي عبد الرزاق عبد الواحد
Authors: م.م . ناطق عبد الواحد حلفة
Published: August 2024

تعد البنى الصوتية من الدراسات التي أخذت حيزا كبيرا في الدراسات اللغوية ,إذ تعمد هذه البنية على دراسة الأصوات والحروف وميزاتها , فمن خلال البنية الصوتية يمكن أن يصل الباحث إلى معرفة خواص حروف الهمس والجهر والحروف الانفجارية , وما لهذه الحروف من دلالات لغوية نفسية تبين مشاعر وأحاسيس وعاطفة كل شاعر ,وخاصة وأن موضوع المراثي يعد من الأغراض الشعرية التي لها ارتباطا وثيقا بمشاعر الراثي اتجاه المرثي ,فعبد الرزاق عبد الواحد أحد شعراء الشعر الحديث الذي شغل غرض الرثاء جزءا كبيرا في شعره ,ففي مراثيه مدح لشخصيات دينية وأدبية وسياسية ,ولقد أخذ الباحث على عاتقه اختيار النصوص الشعرية التي شكلت جزءا مهما  في أشعاره  ,ووقع الاختيار على المراثي الأدبية والدينية ,وعلى الشخصيات الكبيرة في شعره
تحليل التركز الحراري للتسجيلات الحرارية القياسية اليومية في العراق
Authors: رسل علي سلمان حلو  , أ.د مالك ناصر عبود الكناني
Published: August 2024

يهدف البحث الى تحليل التركز الحراري اليومي للأيام الأعلى والادنى حرارة في العراق، إذ أنها لا تسجل في أغلب الأحيان أعلى درجات حرارية يومية في يوم واحد، وكذلك الحال بالنسبة لأقل الدرجات الحرارية اليومية، وقد تكون هنالك بعض الحالات التي تتفق أن تكون أعلى درجات حرارية يومية أو أقلها في يوم واحد، وتتفاوت تسجيلات درجات الحرارة اليومية بين يوم وآخر وبين شهر وآخر، وتختلف التسجيلات اليومية لأعلى درجات الحرارة، وأقلها خلال السنوات فهي غير متشابهة غالباً بين محطات الدراسة، وإنّ هذا الاختلاف في التسجيلات الأعلى والأدنى في درجات الحرارة اليومية يعني اختلاف تأثير العوامل المؤثرة في درجات الحرارة. وسيتم تحليل هذه المعدلات على أساس التواريخ التي سجلت تلك المعدلات اليومية المتطرفة في كل شهر- من شهور السنة (الأعلى والادنى).
Treasure Hunt Strategy in Teaching the Literary Elements of James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916) : Project – Based Teaching Approach
Authors: Prof. Ansam Yaroub Khyoon  , Prof. Mayada Zuhair Alkhafaji
Published: August 2024

the problem of the research lies in the lack of modern strategies for teaching English novel in Iraq thus the research aims at designing and applying a treasure hunt for teaching literary elements as well as making a project about what they have learned.
التحليل الجغرافي للسكان المعاقين وأثرهم في مجتمع مدينة العمارة
Authors: الساعدي أ.م.د.وسام عبود درجال
Published: August 2024

المستخلص:
تعد ظاهرة الاعاقة من المشكلات الاجتماعية التي تنتشر في المجتمعات التي تكثر فيها الحروب وتفشي الامراض وتدهور الواقع الاقتصادي والصحي والاجتماعي لاسيما في المجتمعات العربية، ولها تداعيات خطيرة ونتائج سلبية ليس على المعاق فحسب، بل على الاسرة والمجتمع على حد سواء.
يهدف البحث الى الكشف عن ظاهرة الاعاقة في مدينة العمارة خلال عام (2022)، ومعرفة الخصائص الديموغرافية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية للسكان المعاقين، اعتمد البحث على الدراسة الميدانية وتوصل الى نتائج عدة اهمها ارتفاع عدد افراد المعاقين عند الفئة العمرية الاقل من تسعة سنوات بنسبة (38،7%)، وبعدد اسرة (5-8) افراد، وانخفاض مستوى الدخل بنسبة (57،3%)، وارتفاع نسبة الامية (68%)، وتوافر السكن بنسبة (52،3%) الملائم لهم، وانخفاض فرصة العمل لديهم بنسبة (32%)، كذلك اظهر البحث جملة من الاسباب ساهمت في ارتفاع ظاهرة الاعاقة، ومعرفة اهم الآثار الاقتصادية والصحية والاجتماعية المترتبة على المعاقين.
تمكين المرأة في الشّعر العباسيّ ( نِسَاْءُ البَلَاْطِ أُنْمُوذَجًا)
Authors: الربيعي م.د وسام محمد عبود ثامر الربيعي , م.د مروة علي حسين القرشي
Published: August 2024

حين اطلعنا على الشعر العباسي وجدنا الكثير من النماذج التي أعربت عن تطور لا يُستهان به في حماية المرأة العباسية وتمكينها وتعظيم قَدْرَها؛ ونتيجة لذلك سلط البحثُ الضوءَ على علو شأن العباسيات سياسيًا واجتماعيًا وكيفية انعكاس ذلك في الشعر الذي أماطَ اللثام عن خفايا نفوس المُلُوك والشعراء وكشف عن ما امتلكته النساء من نفوذ كبير في بلاط خلفاء بني العباس، ولم يقتصر هذا التطور على الجانب السياسي وإنَّما تعداه إلى الجانب الاجتماعي الذي تغيرت فيه منزلة المرأة تغيرا إيجابيا؛ إذ حظت بحرية غير مسبوقة، وانخرطت في سلك الأدباء وجارت الشعراء وبَذَّتهم فيما اعتادوا التفوق فيه عليها، كما أدى التطور في التمكين إلى تعزيز ثقة المرأة بنفسها مما تمخض عن تطور ثقافي وعلمي أنال المرأة حقوقها وقضى جُلَّ أوطارها.
التحليل الجغرافي للشحن الجوي في مطار بغداد الدولي
Authors: م.م مريم خالد حسن عزيز
Published: August 2024

تناول البحث الشحن الجوي في مطار بغداد الدولي سنة 2022 بهدف فهم جوانبهُ وكفاءته ، نظراً لقلة الدراسات الجغرافية في هذا المجال ، وأستخدم مناهج متعددة : التأريخي لنشأة قسم الشحن الجوي وتطور شركة الخطوط الجوية العراقية ، الوصفي لفهم عملية الشحن الجوي في المطار، التحليلي لدراسة أثر العوامل الجغرافية ، والكمي لمعالجة البيانات الرقمية ، مستنداً بذلك إلى مصادر و بيانات إحصائية ودراسة ميدانية لمعرفة مراحل عملية الشحن الجوي في مطار بغداد الدولي ، وتوصل البحث إلى مجموعة من الأستنتاجات أهمها أن العوامل البشرية لها تأثيرات سلبية وإيجابية ، حيث تؤثر السياسة والحروب على حركة الشحن الجوي ، و واجه الشحن الجوي في مطار بغداد تحديات منها نقص العاملين والمعدات و البرادات ، مخزن البضائع(الوارد ، الصادر) ليس بالمستوى المطلوب ، فضلاً عن أن الطريق المؤدي إلى المطار والمخزن غير معبد جيداً .
الليل في النصوص المسمارية
Authors: م. د فاتن حميد قاسم
Published: August 2024

يسلط البحث حول دراسة المفاهيم الاجتماعية لليل لدى سكان بلاد الرافدين، اذ أدرك السكان ماهية الكون وما يتعلق به من أبراج وكواكب ونجوم، وعرفوا الشمس والقمر وتأثيرهما على الحياة العامة بتفاصيلها الدقيقة، كما انهم ميزوا بين متطلبات النهار وما يحدثه الليل من امور وجوانب عديدة اثرت بنحو او باخر في حياتهم اليومية، ومن خلال استقراء النصوص المسمارية المتعلقة بالليل والنهار، وجدنا ان سكان بلاد الرافدين كانت لهم نظرتهم الخاصة بالليل، فعرفوا أبعاده الدينية والدنيوية، وأفادوا كثيرا من بزوغ النجوم والقمر فيه، وربطوا كثيرا من الأحداث سواء على الصعيد الاجتماعي كانت أم على  الصعيد الديني أو العسكري فيه، ولأهمية هذا العنصر الحضاري (الليل) في فكر ومعتقدات بلاد الرافدين ارتأيت أن أخوض في غمار الليل، لتوضيح ماهيته وما ارتبط به من معلومات عامة وخاصة لعكس النظرة الاجتماعية لسكان بلاد الرافدين عنه.
وبما أنّ النصوص المسمارية هي المصدر الأهم والأكثر ثراءً بالمعلومة وكذلك ما تحتمه طبيعة الموضوع وماهيته، لذا اعتمدت بدراستي على هذه النصوص وما أفرزته من معلومات متعلقة به، وقسمت البحث إلى محورين، تناولت في المحور الأول الليل لغة واصطلاحا والتسميات المتعلقة به، أما المحور الثاني تضمن أهم المعلومات المتعلقة بالليل وارتباطه بالحياة الاجتماعية وقسمته لعدة محاور فرعية وكل بحسب ماهية المعلومة وتفصيلها.
وقد اعتمدت على العديد من المصادر الاجنبية التي تناولت النصوص المسمارية المتعلقة بالليل وماهيته. وأهم تلك المصادر – 

Lambert, G., (1960) ,Babylonian Wisdom Literature. (=Lambert BWL), Oxford.
Gelb, I, J, and Others, (1964ff), the Assyrian Dictionary, Chicago. (=CAD).
ظهور عقيدة الاشاعرة في المشرق الاسلامي
Authors: م.م شذى علي كاظم
Published: August 2024

تأسس مذهب الأشاعرة ويعد احد المذاهب الكلامية الإسلامية والتي يتبع نتاجاتها الفكرية أكثر أهل السنة والجماعة ومؤسس المذهب الأشعري أبو الحسن الأشعري وقضى أغلب عمره في مذهب الاعتزال، ولكن في أواخر عمره ترك هذا المذهب وأسس مذهباً جديداً سمي بأسمه، وان الاشاعرة اصحاب فكرة جديدة أو مذهب مبتكر بل هو في الحقيقة اسم جديد لمذهب أهل السنة والجماعة أمّا الجديد الحقيقي في هذا المذهب أنه استعمل أدلة خصومه المعتزلة لينقض بها آراءهم وحججهم، وهذا يعني أن الأشعري ترك مذهب الاعتزال لأسباب سياسية فتغيرت الأفكار مع تغيير السلطة
شح المياه لمنطقة الفرات الاوسط واثرها على الواقع الزراعي
Authors: أ.د. عدنان عودة الطائي
Published: August 2024

يشغل موضوع المياه وشحتها في العالم والعراق اهمية كبيرة في السنوات الحالية، لما للمياه من أهمية كبيرة في الحياة ومجالاتها المختلفة. اذ يهدف البحث الى دراسة واقع الموارد المائية في منطقة الفرات الاوسط والتي تعتمد على ثلاث مصادر رئيسية هي التساقط والمياه السطحية المتمثلة بنهر الفرات وتفرعاته فضلاً عن المياه الجوفية. اذ تعاني منطقة الدراسة من شحة واضحة في المياه نتيجة عدة اسباب منها التغيرات المناخية والاحتباس الحراري والتوترات السياسية مع تركيا وعدم التزامها بالقوانين الدولية والمعاهدات المبرمة مع العراق وفشل سياسات وبرامج الإصلاح الزراعي والزيادة المفرطة في عدد السكان، الامر الذي انعكس على الواقع الزراعي بشكل كبير بعد انخفاض مناسيب نهر الفرات الذي تعتمد عليه الزراعة بشكل رئيسي مما شكل خطر كبير على مختلف المحاصيل الزراعية.
Re-examining the Effects of Western Sanctions on Democracy and Human Rights in the 21st Century
Authors: Peez Anton
Published: August 2024

Whether and how severely imposed economic sanctions affect ordinary citizens in targeted countries is a central question of International Relations (IR) research on sanctions. Although frequently intended to bring about improvements to democracy and human rights, their record of doing so has historically been mixed at best. However, many of the canonical quantitative studies on this critical issue only cover the 1980s and 1990s. Since then, sanctions practice has undergone major innovations in design and implementation following debates on unintended consequences and humanitarian harm. Given these significant changes towards 'targeted' or 'smart' sanctions, it stands to reason that sanctions may today be achieving their intended purposes. Furthermore, more current and precise data on sanctions, human rights, and democracy has since been published and new methods for causal inference using observational data have been developed. I take up these policy-related and methodological innovations to re-examine the effects of Western sanctions explicitly intended to improve democracy and human rights. I study this type of sanctions in the 1990–2021 timeframe by applying matching and weighting to account for the strategic selection process of sanctions imposition. This builds on work examining coups and fraudulent elections as key ‘trigger events.’ I then estimate the effects of such sanctions on human rights and democracy using difference-in-differences analysis. The results suggest that the negative effects of sanctions on human rights and democracy persist in the 21st century. This provides an important update to the empirical literature on the subject. As sanctions continue to grow in popularity and usage, policymakers must continue devoting attention to minimizing the civilian harm they often cause. Beyond these substantive contribution, this paper presents a template for replicating and extending country-year research in IR in general.
An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis exploring domestic abuse and football support: The role of supporter mood, sense of self, and family life
Authors: Sime Pamela Jane , Murray Jennifer
Published: August 2024

The study aimed to investigate Scottish football (soccer) fans’ experiences of domestic abuse in relation to key matches. Key football matches, particularly ‘Old Firm’ matches in the Scottish context, attract considerable media attention, with major media broadcasters reporting steep rises in recorded incidents of domestic abuse following these events. Domestic abuse statistics published in the wake of Old Firm football matches between The Rangers Football Club and Celtic Football Club have attracted considerable public attention and concern, with steep rises in recorded incidents of domestic abuse being reported when the historically rival teams meet. To better understand the lived experience of football supporters in relation to the media’s accusations that football, and in particular Old Firm rivalry, is accountable for the rise in domestic abuse statistics, a qualitative exploration of football fans’ experiences was conducted. In-depth one-to-one interviews were carried out with five male football fans and their experiences were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The findings indicated the relationship between Old Firm matches and increased domestic abuse is more complex than causative, with rises in family conflict surrounding football games being associated with experiences of identity, and heightened emotions being present. Conflict was found to weigh heavily on participants’ lived experiences of how football affects them. This paper offers an account of the fans’ experiences with consideration to the factors associated with the rise in family conflict surrounding football games, concluding that identity, social experience, emotions, and conflict weigh heavily on the participants’ accounts of how football affects them.
Adolescent social isolation induces sex-specific behavioral and neural alterations
Authors: Albanese Naomi Ciano , Poggini Silvia , Reccagni Alice , Barezzi Caterina , Salciccia Clara , Poleggi Anna , Branchi Igor
Published: August 2024

Adversities associated to isolation during adolescence, including the lack ofappropriate emotional and social experiences, can jeopardize the individualdevelopment leading to the onset of mental illnesses such as major depressivedisorder. Girls are more vulnerable than boys to isolation. However, the relativecontribution of biological and cultural factors to a such gender-dependent differenceremains unclear. To identify the role of biological factors in this distinct vulnerability, weexposed adolescent C57BL/6 male and female mice (n=12-14) to social isolation andwe evaluated their behavioral responses, investigating both emotional and cognitivecompetencies. In addition, we assessed alterations in immune activation and brainplasticity by measuring the expression levels of several pro- and anti-inflammatorycytokines and neural plasticity markers. Finally, we investigated the hormonal stressresponse by evaluating the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity. Ourfindings indicate that adolescent social isolation leads to the development ofdepressive- and anxiety-like traits, although it impacts distinct behavioral domains withvarying degrees in males and females. Both genders exhibited deficiencies in theemotional realm, displaying enhanced anhedonia and anxiety compared to theirrespective control groups. Moreover, males exhibited cognitive impairments linked toan altered HPA axis activity. Remarkably, social isolation influenced immune activationin both sexes, resulting in decreased pro-inflammatory markers and diminished neuralplasticity. Overall, these results affirm the significant impact of social experiencesduring adolescence on neurodevelopment. Notably, our study reveals that both malesand females are equally susceptible to the effects of isolation, although sex-specificdifferences become apparent in the alterations observed at both behavioral andphysiological levels.
Effects of Bedroom Environment on Average Heart Rate During Sleep in Temperate Regions: Winter Conditions in Healthy Males in Their Twenties with Average BMI
Authors: Oota Noriaki , Yamauchi Yasuki , Abuku Masaru , Hiraguri Yasuhiro , Iwase Gouta
Published: August 2024

The nocturnal average heart rate was found to correlate more strongly with mortality rates than the resting heart rate or 24-hour average heart rate. This study aimed to identify the environmental factors that most significantly affect the day-to-day variability of average heart rate during sleep (SHR[1]) during winter. Measurements were conducted in the participants' usual bedrooms of nine healthy male participants in their twenties with an average BMI, living in a temperate region. The measurement periods were from December 1, 2022, to March 8, 2023, and from December 1, 2023, to February 6, 2024. In addition to the heart rate, body movement, room, radiant, and bed microclimate temperatures, carbon dioxide concentration, relative humidity, and illuminance were measured. The results demonstrated that the average room and radiant temperatures during the measurement period had a significant negative correlation with the average SHR during the measurement period, with correlation coefficients of -0.83 and -0.91, respectively. Using a multilevel structural equation model, the most explanatory factors for SHR were found to be body movement, operative temperature, bed microclimate temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and the interaction term between the bed microclimate temperature and carbon dioxide concentration. Overall, a deeper understanding of the impact of environmental conditions in winter on sleep heart rate could facilitate the design of environments that stabilize SHR.
Rethinking the PERMA-Profiler: A multidimensional Item Response Theory (MIRT) evaluation
Authors: Zimmermann Niklas
Published: August 2024

The PERMA-Profiler is a self-report instrument designed to assess personal psychological well-being, including PERMA (Positive Emotions, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment). Despite consistent validation of its descriptive utility and latent five-factor measurement structure, debates persist regarding the distinctiveness and incremental validity of these dimensions. This study applied multidimensional Item Response Theory (MIRT) to evaluate the instrument’s between-item multidimensionality and the functioning of its 11-point rating scale using Category Boundary Discriminations (CBDs). Data represented a culturally diverse sample (N = 2,337), including several previously published datasets. Results indicated that a Rasch-compliant MIRT model did not fit, raising questions about the scientific validity of observed mean or sum scores. Attempts to model the intended five-factor PERMA structure were unsuccessful. This appears to stem from unmodeled latent factor associations, which in turn led to inflated residuals, likely reflecting convergence issues caused by generally high correlations among items and factors. Local stochastic dependencies within Meaning also emerged, which may have systematically inflated previously reported reliability and validity indices.These dependencies suggested that the globally framed item M1 might need revision. Analyses of the 11-point rating scale revealed that participants predominantly used the upper end of the scale, with categories 5 through 10 accounting for 84% of responses, suggesting redundancy of response categories. Categories from 0 to 3 therefore showed minimal incremental discrimination. Reducing the number of response categories, and experimenting with alternative labeling and scale formats, could enhance measurement precision and discrimination.
Beyond routine maintenance: Current trends in working memory research
Authors: Adam Kirsten C. S. , Klatt Laura-Isabelle , Miller Jacob , Rösner Marlene , Fukuda Keisuke , Kiyonaga Anastasia
Published: August 2024

Working memory is an evolving concept. Our understanding of the neural functions that support WM develops iteratively alongside the approaches used to study it, and both can be profoundly shaped by available tools and prevailing theoretical paradigms. Here, the organizers of the 2024 Working Memory Symposium – inspired by this year’s meeting – highlight current trends and looming questions in working memory research.
Niche agrarian marketing ; an example from south east Surrey
Authors: Greenwood Jeremy
Published: August 2024

the influence of the navy victualling requirements for oatmeal before the 19th century and its economic influence on the towns of Reigate and Croydon.
Siblings’ class destinations: A study of the Norwegian upper class
Authors: Uvaag Stian Aleksander
Published: August 2024

Do individuals in the upper class have siblings with similar class positions to themselves? Using data based on the entire registered population in Norway, this article describes brothers’ and sisters’ class destinations with particular attention to the upper class and top wealth positions. The study first describes upper-class recruitment across families of different classes, finding similarities in siblings’ social mobility. Concerning upper-class reproduction, first- and secondborn siblings from families with top wealth are particularly likely to both reach upper-class positions. Second, the paper describes how upper-class members tend to have siblings with similar class positions to themselves in terms of both vertical class and horizontal positions according to individuals’ composition of cultural and economic capital. By adopting a class-theoretical framework for sibling outcomes, the work sheds light on the social connectedness between social class positions that emerge through intergenerational mobility. The wealthiest 0.2% are shown to have siblings who are disproportionally often not only situated in higher class positions, but also in the economic fraction of the upper and middle classes.
Un unexpected aspect of equity: how the institutional proximity born within ‘North-South fair trade’ contributed to help French agriculture to cope with major contingent crises?
Authors: Randrianasolo-Rakotobe Hanitra , Ceapraz Ion Lucian
Published: August 2024

Consumers worldwide are increasingly becoming aware of social, economic,and environmental consequences of their consumption and are modifying theirpreferences, attitudes, and behaviors accordingly. One significant movement that hasinfluenced consumption patterns globally is that of fair trade (Gillani et al. 2021). In thisarticle, in examining a French case study, we demonstrate that institutional proximity iscrucial for empowering relationships between consumers and producers in a fair tradeframework. North- North fair trade has recently developed by applying the sameprinciples as those of traditional North-South fair trade by reinventing not only theunbalanced relationship between consumers and producers but also by creating a spacethat is shared to varying degrees: institutional proximity.
Exploring the Voice of Voiceless Groups in Lamsal’s Epic Agni [Fire]
Authors: Rai Man Kumar
Published: August 2024

This article studies identity crisis and suppressed voice of Dalit community depicted in Nawaraj Lamsal’s epic Agni. The epic tries to raise unheard voice of voiceless groups like Thule Kami and his community. The study introduces the sacrifices of Dalit community in nation building through the creation of various tools for farmers and weapons for warriors. Through his work, he questions the government and ruling class people about sanctioning of human rights to dalits, indeginous people and women. Lamsal’s epic narrates the story of Thule and Thule’s community in order to make people know about the sacrifice of such othered people in leading society ahead. Moreover, caste system has left a pervasive mark on nearly every aspect of Nepali society. In caste based society, untouchable communities are born into a lifetime of marginalization, exclusion, and human rights violation. For the analysis of the characters and voiceless voice, subaltern studies and idea of Gayatri Spivak regarding unheard voice of marginalized people have been used. Spivak argues that subaltern can not represent themselves, they need to be represented. The intellectuals, historians or politicians often give more focus to their individual interest rather than the stories of subaltern groups
Unravelling the Motivations behind Students’ Academic Migrations in Nepal: A Mixed-methods Approach
Authors: Aryal Pitambar , Karki Tej Bahadur , Mahat Dipak , Neupane Dasarath
Published: August 2024

Background: Academic migration in Nepal is a complex phenomenon influenced by various factors that impact students' decision-making processes. Policymakers and educators need to understand these motivations.
Methodology: This study investigates why Nepalese students are increasingly choosing to pursue academic opportunities abroad, and domestically. Using a mixed-methods approach, a cross-sectional time horizon was adopted in the Gulmi district of Lumbini province, Nepal.
Results: Results show that factors like educational quality, educational opportunities, and career opportunities play a role in motivating academic migration; there is not a significant association between domestic and international academic migration plans with their educational purpose (p = .681), and with career purposes (p = .426). KII and FDG highlighted the lack of learning and earning schemes, demanded courses, technical training for practical courses, career opportunities, and job opportunities for students forced to migrate.
Conclusion: The studies on academic migration highlight the complex factors driving students to seek education abroad, including attitudes towards staying in the host country, socio-economic and psychological impacts, and better career prospects. Economic considerations are a primary motivator, with personal attitudes and social networks also influential. For Nepalese students, interest in international migration is driven by perceived better quality of education, extra-curricular opportunities, and political stability. Chi-Square tests show no significant difference in migration plans based on educational or career purposes, indicating similar motivations for domestic and international migrants.
Novelty: The study's strength is in identifying the multifaceted reasons behind students' decisions to migrate, which include economic, social, and personal factors. It highlights the role of students' attitudes as a mediator in their migration decisions, a nuanced aspect not widely explored in previous research. Furthermore, the Nepalese context provides a unique perspective on how local conditions and perceptions of opportunities abroad shape migration trends.
Right to Employment Protection of the Adjunct and Internal Full Time Contract Faculties in the Tribhuvan Univer
Authors: Kandel Deepak Raj
Published: August 2024

This study explores at the legal rules for recruitment part-time and full-time contract teachers at Tribhuvan University (T.U.) in Nepal. It focuses on how they are recruitment, selection, and how their rights are protected. The study uses legal documents like the T.U. Act and court cases from other countries to examine these issues. The findings show how T.U. uses part-time teachers, how it hires them, and how decisions made by the administration can affect them. The study also highlights international court cases to see what they say about following proper procedures, meeting contract obligations, and protecting the rights of teachers. Based on this, the study suggests ways to improve the situation, i.e., considering the needs of teachers, following labor laws, and having clear rules about academic freedom and job security. It also suggests making contracts clearer and giving teachers more rights, such as knowing more about their jobs and being able to bargain together as a group.
A Review Study on Effectiveness of Project-Based Learning on Mathematical Achievement
Authors: Pathak Bhawani
Published: August 2024

This is a review study based on various selected articles. In this study, literature has been analyzed by the narrative review method. This study focuses on the characteristics of Project-based learning (PBL), steps of Project-based learning, strengths of Project-based learning, and challenges of Project-based learning in mathematics. Project-based learning gives the opportunities to the learner to explore the idea, gather different information and develop new skills and knowledge. PBL supports developing the skill of problem-solving, enhancing collaborative learning, developing the ability to creative thinking and construct new knowledge, developing social interaction and communication skills, and developing the level of confidence to solve the problem.
शिक्षामा प्रकार्यवाद
Authors: बास्तोला हेरम्बराज
Published: August 2024

अगस्ते कम्ते, इमाइल दुर्खिम, हर्वट स्पेन्सर जस्ता विद्वान समाजशास्त्री र चिन्तकहरूबाट प्रकार्यवाद संस्थापित र विकसित हुँदै आएको हो, धर्म, संस्कृति, परम्परा चालचलन पद प्रतिष्ठा दौलत जस्ता यावत पक्ष समाजमा विद्यमान हुन्छ । तिनिहरूको प्रणाली बद्ध मिलनले सामाजिक संरचना बनेको हुन्छ र प्रकार्य गरिरहेका हुन्छन् । हरेक पक्षको सन्तुलित प्रकार्यको कारण समाज पनि सन्तुलित रूपमा सञ्चालन भइरहेको हुन्छ भन्नु नै प्रकार्यवादको मूल मर्म हो । द्वन्द्वात्मक गतिशीलताको यथार्थलाई अनदेदा गरेकाले यसलाई यथास्थितिको पक्षपोषक सिद्धान्त भनी आलोचना पनि हुने गरेको छ प्रस्तुत लेखमा प्रकार्यवादको सन्दर्भ उठ्दा संरचनाको पक्ष भूलेर चर्चा गर्नु अर्थपूर्ण हुन नसक्ने दावी गरी प्रकार्यलाई संरचनाकै सापेक्षतामा हेरिनुपर्ने दावी गरिएको छ । जसका लागि, निर्दिष्ट समस्यामा आधिारित भई प्रकार्यवादको अर्थ परिभाषा केलाउनु, संरचनात्मक प्रकार्यवादको ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि र विकासक्रम पर्गेल्नु, यसका शक्ति र सीमा पहिचान गर्नु तथा शैक्षिक प्रयोगको स्थिति केलाउनु जस्ता उद्देश्यमा केन्द्रित भई छलफल गरिएको छ । निष्कर्षतः प्रकार्यवाद आफ्नो यथास्थिति वादी विशेषताका कारण प्रतिरक्षात्मक हुन पुगेको भए पनि नेपालका विविधताको परिवेशमा शिक्षामा अंशतः कामयावी भएको टङ्गोमा पुगिएको छ । प्रस्तुत अध्ययनका निम्ति पुस्तकीय अध्ययन कार्य गरी विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन विधि अपनाइएको छ ।
Penggunaan Metode Moodie Young Pada Keseimbangan Lintasan Produksi Bola Lampu
Authors: Prasetyo Didit Teguh , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Siregar Ninny
Published: August 2024

The Use of Moodie Young Method in Balance of Light Bulb Production Line. Line production is a part of production activity which including set of working element works and working area. Several balance constraints on the production line are sometimes occurred in a company who runs in light bulb production, such as a bottleneck in the production process and accumulation of material at work stations due to the high idle times, also a gap in cycle time between the production times of each work station. The study employed the Moodie Young method by measuring three parts of balanced production line level, including Line Efficiency, Balance Delay, and Smoothness Index. The result pointed out that the actual production line values are Line Efficiency 43.69%, Balance Delay 56.30%, and Smoothness Index 703.64. The result also stated that there are improvement of the production line values by using Moodie Young method, which are values of Line Efficiency 76.46%, Balance Delay 23.53%, and Smoothness Index 279.39. To sum up, the high value of line efficiency and the low values of balance delay and smoothness index presents a good level of balanced the production line.
Perbandingan Metode Decision Tree dan Naive Bayes Pada Tingkat Penjualan Minuman Kopi di Kopi Pawon Nusantara
Authors: Iqbal Muhamad , Miskiyah Siti , Sham Said Luthfil , Anwar Syaiful , Fuad Mohammad Haddiel
Published: August 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan dua model klasifikasi, yaitu Decision Tree dan Naive Bayes, dalam konteks meningkatkan penjualan di Kopi Pawon Nusantara. Penelitian ini menggunakan data penjualan minuman kopi untuk memahami pola pembelian pelanggan. Pemilik Kopi Pawon Nusantara menghadapi tantangan dalam menentukan minuman kopi yang paling diminati oleh pelanggan mereka. Data yang digunakan berasal dari penjualan sebelumnya di Kopi Pawon Nusantara. Dua algoritma, Decision Tree dan Naive Bayes, dievaluasi untuk mengukur performanya menggunakan metrik seperti akurasi, presisi, recall, dan area under curve (AUC) dari kurva ROC. Hasil  Decision Tree mencapai akurasi sebesar 97,83% dengan AUC 0,957. Sementara itu, Naive Bayes memiliki akurasi sebesar 94,35% dengan AUC 0,969. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan pemahaman tentang metode klasifikasi mana yang paling cocok untuk menangani data penjualan Kopi Pawon Nusantara. Hasilnya diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai dasar untuk penelitian lanjutan yang akan memilih metode klasifikasi yang tepat, baik dengan dataset yang sama maupun dengan metode klasifikasi yang berbeda.