bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Ground Surface Settlement of Metro Tunnel by Using Peck Formula
Authors: Yang Xiong Fei , Yuan Hong , Wu Jia Yu , Zhang Hou Mei
Published: December 2014

Based on the peck formula, this paper has analyzed measured data of ground surface subsidence, and get the regression curve of ground surface subsidence. Expression for degree of reliability of the maximum ground surface settlement is derived analytically by using central-point method. On the basis of a certain section of tunnel of Guangzhou subway constructed by mining excavation method, linear regression method can be effectively fitting the ground surface deformation data due to tunnel excavation. The central-point method provides a new way for reliability analysis of the ground surface settlement of shield construction.
Modeling Excavation Damaged Zone for Rock Mass Parameter Identification of Underground Engineering
Authors: Liu Hui Bo , Zhang Zhi Guo , Liu Chan Ge , Xiao Ming
Published: December 2014

Space-time effect of excavation damaged zone (EDZ) has great impact on identifying rock mass parameters in underground excavation engineering. In this paper, methods and models for simulating EDZ are reviewed and classified. Based on mechanism analysis, a practical model using radius-displacement-dependent deformation modulus is proposed for dynamic excavation feedback analysis. In the model, EDZ is viewed as a three dimensional heterogeneous and variable disturbing field of parameter during excavation process. Thus, deformation modulus of EDZ rock mass evolves with space-time change along with construction stages. The model is proved to be available in parameter identification for rapid feedback analysis of underground engineering.
Case Study on Soft Foundation of Coastal Saline Soil
Authors: Sun Jun , Chen Hai Jun , Wang Si Hai , Li Hong Mei
Published: December 2014

Coastal saline soil foundation was consolidated by surcharge preloading method based on the improving constructio technol-ogy. For instance,setting sand gravels separation layer,composite geo-membrane separation layer,improve embankment height, etc. The monitoring results are analyzed including the ground with every soil layer settlement. Combining with the test result of the shear strength of vane shear test and various ion content of soil samples,it is concluded that reinforcement effect of seashore saline soil consolidated by surcharge preloading method,at the same time, exclusion salt and reduce damage of the foundation.
Monitoring of Inland Tide Embankment of Binzhou Port
Authors: Gao Jian Shan
Published: December 2014

For the purpose of foundation and structure stability during the construction of tide embankment, three monitoring projects including embankment settlement monitoring, berm platform settlement monitoring and pore water pressure monitoring are installed. Integrated monitoring data shows that foundation appears oversize instantaneous settlement on account of high construction speed, short loading interval at initial stage. Following with the shaping of embankment, stable monitoring data range, slow change rate and high dissipation speed of pore water pressure come along. Based on actual embankment settlement data, consolidation degree of soil mass is high and foundation stability becomes strong by means of hyperbolic curve.
Research on Calculation Method of Internal Force Caused by Seasonal Temperature Difference in All-Vertical-Piled Wharf
Authors: Wang Jun Jie , He Liang De , Zhang Zhi Ming , Li Zhe Jiang
Published: December 2014

When the wharf structure is completed, the temperature is different with the one at the usage period. The temperature difference will lead to the temperature strain, and create the lateral deformation and internal forces of the piles. Based on the assumption of the free temperature difference of beam-slab-system, the spatial simplified calculation model of the foundation pile and the stiff platform about the temperature stress in all-vertical-piled wharf is first proposed, the related calculation method is also given. The numerical example shows that the accuracy of this simplified method could meet the demand of preliminary design. In order to reduce the pile-top internal forces, the foundation piles should be arranged symmetrically. The pile-top internal forces are in direct proportion to the forth power of the pile diameter, with the increase of the pile diameter in all-vertical-piled wharf, the analysis of the temperature stress must be taken seriously.
Simulation Reserch Status for the Stability of Bucket Foundation Breakwater
Authors: Ma Xiao Long , Wang Zhi Yun , Yu Lin Ping , Shen Lu
Published: December 2014

Abstract.Bucket foundation breakwater,which is a new port engineering structure, emerged in recent years, its simulation of stability in the use is a hot topic that many scholars have been working on. However, the affecting factors, different means of simulation and complex mechanism of contact between the foundation bucket and foundation soil leads to its associated stability simulation test data relative dispersion ,so it has not come to a united analysis and summary. This article mainly from centrifugal model test, finite element numerical simulation discussed briefly the simulation reserch status for the stability of bucket foundation breakwater respectively. It draws some valuable experience and the direction which is likely to continue to deepen research in the future.
Fuzzy Extension Principle of Sluice Safety Assessment Based on Game Theory
Authors: Wang Quan
Published: December 2014

Recently sluice safety evaluation in China was mainly based on the conventional experienced methods, in which the index was in qualitative analysis and the weight of the index was measured irrationally. Sluice real behavior was influenced by many factors, and some are fuzzy and uncertain. Through matter-element analysis , a hierarchy, multi-index and information matter-element system was set up. Based on the fuzzy mathematics and extension theory , the fuzzy extension model of sluice safety assessment was established. The comprehensive weight method base on game theory was applied in the model. It has been used to describe sluice safety behavior dynamically and quantitatively in real sluice project. Moreover , it can also be applied in the assessment of other hydraulic structures.
Quantifying SBS Content in Modified Asphalt Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Ye Zhong Chen , Chen De , Ling Cheng , Guan Fu Yang
Published: December 2014

Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) has been widely used in the modified asphalt engineering around the world due to its excellent contribution to both high and low temperature performance of asphalt. The content of SBS plays a critical role in the performance of modified asphalt. Therefore, an accurate and effective method to quantify the SBS content in modified asphalt was proposed based on the Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy method. Two Infrared (IR) indices were provided to quantify the content of SBS. In addition, the practicability and accuracy of this method was verified by testing the prepared sample in laboratory.
Analysis of Effect Factors about the Ground Settlement during Foundation Pit Excavation
Authors: Liang Fei Fei , Liang Ren Wang , Xiang Xing Hua
Published: December 2014

The excavation usually cause the settlement of surrounding soils, which will have a negative effect on the adjacent buildings. To find the effective measures to reduce the surface subsidence,a numerical model which is based on a project example is developed in this paper to analyze the settlement of surrounding soils during the excavation of a deep foundation pit by using FLAC3D.The influence of excavation on settlement outside the foundation pit is investigated when changing one of the factors which include reinjection pressures、waterproof curtain. The results show that: (1) The settlement of surrounding soils decreases gradually with the increase of reinjection pressures. Moreover ,the settlement with reinjection are around two times the value without reinjection.(2) The settlement of surrounding soils decreases gradually with the curtain depth increases. In the actual projects,we can decrease the settlement of surrounding soils by increasing the reinjection pressures and curtain depth.
Study on Safe Thickness of Stope Roof and Ground Subsidence Based on Numerical Simulation
Authors: Hua Shuai , Li Yun An , Wang Yue Wei , Wang Qin Gang , Wang Wei , Hu Feng , Hu Li Zhen , Lei Yin
Published: December 2014

It is mainly discussed that the minimum safe thickness of the stope roof and the ground subsidence deformation during mine excavation. The concrete method is deducing the theoretical calculation formula of minimum thickness of the stope roof according to the bending and shearing structural mechanics model respectively so as to gain the minimum safe thickness; A detailed engineering geological 3d model for mining concessions is built by using Auto CAD,and next a numerical calculation model is established by using ANSYS finite element software,following by importing it to numerical simulation software FLAC3D for calculation. By this method,the whole process of mine excavation can be simulated. Finally,the ground subsidence deformation obtained by simulation satisfies the specification requirements.
Analysis on the Stress of Hexagon Cement Block under Heavy Load and Overload Vehicles Based on Finite Element Method
Authors: Li Chuang-Min , Feng Yuan , Wang Tao
Published: December 2014

The growth rates of stress in the hexagon , square and octagon cement blocks under different vehicle loads were analyzed using the finite element method (FEM). The growth rate of bottom layer stress of the hexagon is the smallest among them when vehicle loads increase. Under the 400kN loads, the growth rate of bottom layer stress of the hexagon significantly reduced as the thickness increase. When its thickness is up to 28cm,the bottom layer stress is the smallest among the three kinds of shapes. The results show that the hexagon cement block is the most suitable for overload vehicles obviously when compared to the square and octagon cement block. Therefore, hexagon cement block is the most suitable for the roads which are always under heavy and overload vehicles .
Integrated Application of Micro Steel Pipe Piles and Soil Nailing Frame Beam for Loose Deposit Slopes
Authors: Zhang Hui Jun , Mao Xue Song , Wang Tie Quan
Published: December 2014

Loose deposit is widely distributed along the south route of Sichuan-Tibet highway (in Tibet). Slope disasters often occur because of the broken loose deposit and the low grade highway without complete safeguards for the slope. The paper proposed the integrated treatment technology with micro steel pipe piles and soil nailing frame beam and its work theory and structure design. The slope stability was simulated numerically with Midas-GTS on typical sections to verify the effectiveness of the technology. During simulation, the stable coefficient of slope with or without the integrated treatment technology was calculated. Results showed that the technology with micro steel pipe piles and soil nailing frame beam can improve the stability of loose deposit cutting slopes greatly.
Investigation on the Combustion Process and Flame Retardant Performance of Asphalt with Metal Hydroxides
Authors: Wu Bin , Huang Zhi Yi , Zhu Kai
Published: December 2014

The combustion performance of adding different metal hydroxide flame retardants in asphalt was investigated by the limit oxygen index test, and the flame retardant process of hydroxide flame retardant was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide all play positive roles on flame retardancy of asphalt. Aluminum hydroxide has the best effect on flame retardation; calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide show similar flame retardation. The temperature range of the decomposition of different metal hydroxide was different. Aluminum hydroxide has the lowest decomposition temperature, while calcium hydroxide has the highest decomposition temperature. Barrier layer composed of metal oxides is formed after the decomposition of flame retardant , which can prevent the further burning of asphalt.
Study on Shear Strength of Expansive Soil Considered Softening by Triaxial Tests
Authors: Wu Jun Hua
Published: December 2014

Swell-shrinking, crack development and over-consolidation are the characteristics of expansive soil, and it is an over-consolidation soil undergone dry-wet cycles. So there may be some faults to analyze expansive soil slope stability adopting the traditional strength criterion and calculation methods. In this paper, triaxial tests were carried out to obtain the relations between the parameters of shear strength and generalized plastic shear strain. The soil shear strength increases and then decreases along with the increasing of shear deformation due to soil over-consolidation. Moreover, the residual strength is achieved finally. The functions are applied in simulating the relations between the parameters and generalized plastic shear strain in order to analyze expansive soil slope stability.
Mixture Design and Performance Evaluation of Cold Asphalt Mixture Using Polymer Modified Emulsion
Authors: Xu Shi Fa , Zhao Zhi Chao , Xu Ying , Wang Xiao Xiao
Published: December 2014

Cold asphalt mixture can be handled at ambient air temperature and thus is regarded as energy saving, convenient for storage, transportation and construction, and can extend the construction season. However, it is commonly used in preventative maintenance of pavement as slurry seal and Micro-surfacing, not as structural layer due to its inferior performance to Hot Asphalt Mixture (HAM). Therefore, it will produce great economic and social benefit if a new cold mix and cold laid mixture can be developed for newly built road pavement application. Proportion design of AC-13 asphalt mixture using specially developed polymer modified emulsified is carried out and the performance of high temperature, moisture susceptibility, and low-temperature crack resistance are evaluated according to HAM technical specification. The results show that each performance of the AC-13 modified emulsified asphalt mixture can meet the specification requirements, and especially perform very well in rutting resistance performance.
Study on the Calculation Method of Light Shed on Rockfall Impact Protection
Authors: Lou Xin , Zhou Yi Tang , Yang Jian Rong , Chen Zhi Qiang
Published: December 2014

With the increase of our construction in the mountainous area, rockfall hazard also increasing seriously. In this paper, the rockfall prone section is determined through understand the engineering geological conditions cause falling rock; then to predict the impact of the range of rockfall movement, the motion characteristics of rockfall is studied, and the calculation methods of rockfall impact is given; Finally, combine with a practical engineering, the rockfall collision impact theoretically and the practically are compared. The result shows that this study may provide a useful approach for protection engineering design.
The Principle and Method of the Backplane Anchor in Controlling the Overall Stability of the Surrounding Rock
Authors: Li Zhi Wei , Jing Lai Wang , Yang Ren Shu , Hao Peng Wei
Published: December 2014

The purpose of the article is to introduce a kind of control theory and technology of roadway floor heave and the surrounding rock of the upper part deformation in a high stress field. On the basis of the stress state theory in the modern mechanics, this paper which uses Yang Zhuang III1 mining area coal mine hoist room as the research and experimental object proposes a backplane anchor control principle and technology of the overall stability surrounding rock from the perspective of improving the stress state of surrounding rock particles. After the site industrial test,the technology has a very significant effect on the control of global stability of the surrounding rocks, large section, soft rock roadways and chambers.
The Key Technology of Short-Line Matching Method in Precast Segment Assembling of Externally Prestressed Concrete Bridges
Authors: Wang Min , Zhang Yong Tao , Tian Wei
Published: December 2014

Targeted at key technological difficulties of pre-stressed concrete bridge with precast segment assembling in short-line matching method, combined with the as-built projects and those under construction, this essay introduces systematic segmental precast assembly externally prestressed concrete construction technology in short-line matching method, and the developed serial complete equipments set, thus realizing development trend of factory-orientation, large-scale, mechanization, standardization of modern bridge construction.
Replacement Construction Technology Analysis of Half-Through Reinforced Pipe Concrete Bridge Derrick
Authors: Wang Gui Bing
Published: December 2014

This article relies projects, from derrick to replace the principle and derrick replacement order and step and important aspects of the construction derrick and the derrick to replace anti-corrosion treatment in half-through arch bridge construction derrick temporary replacement were discussed. Expect to be able to provide reference for similar projects draw on the research of this projects.
The Study on TiO2 Nano-Powder’s Influence on the Power Frequency Breakdown Properties of Transformer Oil
Authors: Lan Qi , Niu Tian Ye , Jiang Guo Qing , Li Lu , Wang Zi Jing
Published: December 2014

There are plenty of intrinsic cation states on the surface of nano-semiconductor crystals. When the crystals contact the transformer oil，surface states that can capture electrons easily are formed. In this paper, TiO2 nano-powders with different surface modifications have been used to improve the property of transformer oil (Karamay 25#). The modification effects of nano-power’s on insulating property of transformer oils have been investigated. And the modifying effects of TiO2 nano-powder with different concentrations on transformer oil have been studied. The breakdown property tests and fitting results show that TiO2 nano-powder can improve the breakdown properties of transformer oil and within some concentrations，the higher the concentration of TiO2 nano-powder，the better the power frequency insulating property of modifying transformer oil. Besides，The modifying agents play a key role in the dispensability of TiO2 nano-powder in the transformer oil. With the increasing of nonpolar segment in the modifying agent, the breakdown property of the modified oils gets more enhancements.
A Load Test Research on Large Power Transformers
Authors: Zheng Han Bo , Han Jin Hua , Wang Wei , Wang Li Nan , Li Yu Quan , Li Xiao Gang
Published: December 2014

Due to the large capacity of large power transformers, normally the power capacity of a load test is difficult to meet the test requirement, which makes the ancillary devices such as induction regulator, intermediate transformer etc. difficult to meet the test demands too. The transformer factories with limited power capacity can only perform load test under less than fifty-percent of the rated load current, which not obeys the standards and technical protocols. Thus, a field load test method for large power transformers is proposed in this paper. It carries out the reactive power compensation with compensation capacitors, which reduces the capacity of test power supply and makes the field load test possible. This method also gives a guarantee for the safe and stable operation of power transformers.
Shunt Reactors Compensation Research of UHV Accessed to Jiangxi Power Grid
Authors: Zhang Yong Gao , Chang Kai Xuan , Su Yong Chun
Published: December 2014

Jiangxi ultra high voltage (UHV) accessed program is introduced. Based on uniform transfer equation, UHV π-type equivalent circuit is derived by considering the distributed parameter characteristics of UHV transmission line without conductance. Based on advanced digital power system simulator, the relationship of shunt reactor and steady-state voltage, as well as the relationship of shunt reactor and transient voltage, is achieved by using electromechanical and electromagnetic hybrid simulation, where the UHV between Hubei and Jiangxi is considered. Influences of shunt reactors’ location and the degree of compensation on UHV’s steady-state voltage and transient power frequency overvoltage are analyzed. The Logical results provide a meaningful guidance for the introduction of UHV power grid into Jiangxi power grid.
Study on Technical Parameters for 220/20kV SF6 Gas Insulated Transformers
Authors: Wang Zhi Yong , Dai Zhi Yong , Tu Hao Xi
Published: December 2014

Considering the requirement of Shenzhen power grid development, this paper investigates the parameters selection for 220/20kV gas insulation transformer, including capacity, short circuit impedance, cooling mode, insulation level, over-load capability, temperature rise tolerance, loss , noise level and bushing selection. For different capacity value, the investment and loss concerning substation, 220kV grid and 20kV grid are analyzed and compared, by which the final capacity value is determined. The short circuit current level, transformer loss, manufacturing capability and investment is investigated to determine the short circuit impedance for the gas insulation transformer. The characteristic and application condition of gas cooling as well as liquid cooling mode is studied and the cooling mode for the gas insulation transformer is determined. The insulation level, overload capability and temperature rise tolerance are determined by considering related standards and the requirement of Shenzhen. The loss and noise level for the gas insulation transformer is determined by considering related standard and parameters of the domestic gas insulation transformers in operation. The gas-gas bushing is used to connect cable box and the transformer.
The Research of Mobile LVRT Testing Device in High Altitude Area
Authors: Yu Bin , Ji Lian Tao , Wang De Shun , Hua Guang Hui , Kong Ai Liang , Zhang Xin Long , Zhao Shang Lin
Published: December 2014

For high-altitude environment particularity, the device was designed for high-altitude correction. The equivalent stress analysis of particle system is researched to meet seismic requirementsneeds of automotive mobile devices. A new auto-switch is designed by improving the traditional tap-switch for automatic switching cable in the car. It is first used in a car as a automatically switch and greatly reduces the manual wiring workload. The field test results show that the device can assume a high altitude solar motion detector demand of the low voltage ride through (LVRT) .
Diagnosis of Bearing Faults of Induction Motors by Spectral Analysis of Stator Currents
Authors: Safin Nail R. , Prakht Vladimir A. , Dmitrievskii Vladimir A. , Dmitrievskii Anton A.
Published: December 2014

The article is dedicated to investigate possibility of diagnostics bearing faults of induction motors by stator currents analysis. The main features of stator currents analysis are studied. The possibility of identifying air-gap eccentricity due to the working with damaged bearings by stator currents investigating is revealed. The recommendations of monitoring and configuration of a proper diagnosis of induction motor are provided.
Research on Identification Model of Stator Core Temperature Rise of a Generator
Authors: Xiang Dong , Xiong Hao , Liu Ning Bo , Wu Qiang , Meng Guang Wei
Published: December 2014

This paper takes the ship air-cooled AC generator with the radial ventilation system for example, establishes the mathematical model of a generator core and winding temperature by using an equivalent thermal circuit method and the temperature calculation method based on the operating parameters, analyzes the transfer function between the generator stator winding temperature rise and the phase voltage, phase current and reactive power, and finally verifies validity of the mathematical model by the experiment.
The Development of Multi-Functional Multi-Level Variable Voltage Variable Frequency Power Supply
Authors: Wang De Shun , Han Gui Gang , Zhang Xin Long , Yang Bo
Published: December 2014

In order to adapt the grid test study of distributed generation system, a multifunctional variable voltage and variable frequency power supply is proposed. The power supply could work in four quadrant operations, so that energy generated by distributed systems could flow into grid. The fundamental voltage and harmonic voltage are controlled respectively: multiple feedback loop control scheme is applied in fundamental mode and effective value feedback control scheme is applied in harmonic mode. The DSP and FPGA platform are used for implementing the system control and the experimental results show that the performance of the simulator is good and has high stability.
Research on Smart Grid Effects on the Intelligent Response Behaviors of Industrial Users
Authors: Li Jiang
Published: December 2014

With the deepening of the smart grid constructions, the intelligent response behaviors of the industrial users should be fully studied. Strengthening power grid comprehensive service ability is to meet the requirements of interactive marketing. Under the smart grid, industrial user response degree is low. The main peak shaving potential of electrical equipment is limited. we should make full use of electricity price signals to guide smart electricity response behavior of industrial users.
The Online Power Marketing Development Research under the Background of Smart Grid
Authors: Li Jiang
Published: December 2014

In order to implement the power online marketing strategies, the power enterprises need to formulate development policy in line with customer orientation, which is in the basic of customer-centric. To do such research, the power enterprises should strengthen the management of users’ data and form a sound and efficient online marketing platform. Besides, according to this platform, there is a communication between companies and users, which may further enhance the competition of enterprises.
Application and Architecture of Power Dispatching & Distribution System Using Big Data Technology
Authors: Yuan Rong Chang , Yan Hu , Zhou Xiao Ming , Di Fang Chun , Li Li Xin
Published: December 2014

As the new energy resources including scenery storage have been well accessed into power grid, the operation process of power dispatching and distribution involves the massive, multi type, high complex data which contain the real-time data, plan data, warning and monitoring data, environmental data. Nowadays, the application of big data focused on single analysis of structured and semi-structured data. And the deep learning analysis hasn’t been concerned, transforming power gird data into knowledge is the inevitable trend in the development of smart grid. In this paper, the power dispatching and distribution data were analyzed in detail from the data source, data characteristics, the trend of application etc. According to the new requirement of smart grid now and in the future, the potential application with big data technology was studied in the field of smart grid and the reference opinions was provide by intelligent analysis and decision which are accurate, security, economic, comprehensive optimal features. Finally, to meeting requirement of the power dispatching & distribution data analysis, power dispatching and distribution data system architecture was designed which is an integrated software/hardware, storage-computation-communication trinity. And it was proved that power dispatching and distribution data system architecture have strong supporting, service and safety ability.
The Influence of Wind–Solar Hybrid Generation System on Transmission Service Rate
Authors: Kan Hong Jun , Tan Lun Nong
Published: December 2014

Wind power and solar energy have been developed rapidly during recent years. However, costs of power transmission services have been rising due to their respective instability of working, which has become a barrier restricting their developments. Wind and Solar Hybrid Generation System, a result of the combination of wind and solar energy, which is a good match in terms of resources, is an effective means to improve the reliability of power generation. In this paper, the topic of influences on price of power network transmission service caused by the combination of wind and solar energy has been discussed. Based on power changes caused by the combination of wind and solar energy, comparing different prices of power transmission service before and after this combination, pointing out that it is more economical when the wind and solar energy are combined, which has been verified through the 5 nodes system.
Research on Surveillance Risk Index System of Unified and Interconnected Electricity Market in China
Authors: Gao Chun Cheng , Shi Shu Hong
Published: December 2014

After the establishment of the unified and interconnected electricity market in China, electricity trading range will cover the entire State Grid operating region, and headquarters market and provincial market will become interconnected, unified and coordinated operation. Aiming at the surveillance risk under the unified and interconnected electricity market, a relatively complete surveillance risk index system is proposed. The proposed risk index system includes six first grade indices, i.e., market state, transaction plan, contract and settlement, market coordination, energy efficiency and power grid operation. The risk index system can reasonably and overall reflect the risk level of the electric power transaction under the unified and interconnected electricity market circumstances. It is useful for State Grid to achieve risk management and control of electricity trading surveillance, rectify the irregularities, and maintain a fair and impartial market order.
Triglycerides Catalytic Hydroconversion into Bio-Aviation Fuels Based on Temperature by One-Step
Authors: Zhao Yong Yan , Chen Yu Bao , Yang Shun Ping , Zhang Wu Di , Gao Yan Ni
Published: December 2014

One-step hydrotreatment of three different vegetable oils have been carried out over Pd loading bi-functional catalyst in batch reactor. Rubber seed oil, Jatropha oil and castor oil have different acid value and constituents, which will influence the hydroprocessing and the quality of products. With temperature rising, several principles have been summarized, and an optimal temperature corresponding to three oils have been determined respectively. At the optimal temperature of Jatropha oil, 300°C, deoxygenation rate was up to 99.29%, C8-16hydrocarbons of products was up to 77.36%; 310°C and 320°C were respectively optimal temperature of rubber seed oil and castor oil, deoxygenation rate were 99.15% and 98.78%, C8-16hydrocarbons were 71.46% and 69.25%. The products quality of Jatropha oil was better than rubber seed oil and castor oil, and rubber seed oil and castor oil can cause the deactivation of catalyst.
Analysis of Influence Factors of Power Consumption Fluctuations in the Process of China Urbanization
Authors: Xie Pin Jie , Huang Chen Chen , Zhu Wen Hao
Published: December 2014

As the steady and rapid economic growth aggravates the power supply and demand situation, it is necessary to analyze the influence factors of power consumption and establish prediction mechanisms for the power demand by the basic change law, aiming to promote the development of electric power. This paper conducted grey relational analysis for the power consumption from 1991 to 2012 and the relevant data of influence factors, including GDP, industry structure, and population and so on. Based on the above results, it explored various influence factors at different periods, then adopted the GM (1, 1) model to carry out gray prediction for the power consumption from 2013 to 2020 as well as the corresponding influencing factors, and finally analyzed the prediction results.
Weighing System Design Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Authors: Zhuang Qing
Published: December 2014

As the living standards of people improve continually, commercial behavior is becoming more and more modernized, people also put forward new requirements for the speed and accuracy of goods measurement. This paper designs a weighing system of digital electronic scale which is similar to the MCU simulation, and gives the design diagram, hardware composition and software system. This system takes the 51 single chip microcomputer as the core, the main components are the dedicated 24 bits serial A/D conversion chip HX711, cantilever type resistance strain sensor, the four digital tube display. This design uses the dedicated 24 bits serial A/D conversion chip HX711, which has high resolution, simple peripheral interface, and occupies less I/O port, etc.
Risk Evaluation of Charging Facilities of Electric Vehicles Based on Fuzzy Analytic Network Process
Authors: Dong Jun , Xue Gui Yuan , Wang Bing Jing
Published: December 2014

With the development of the electric vehicles, the planning and construction of the charging facilities rapidly grow. However, as a new thing, it is still in the early stage of development, accompanied with large uncertainty and high investment risk for enterprises. So it is a real problem to identify these risks and avoid them. The paper analyzes these risks using environmental scanning method for the first time and sums them up to 6 main risks: the policy and legal risks, the social risks, the economic risks, technology and industry risks, risks of resources and competence in enterprise; This paper also build a evaluation model based on fuzzy analytic network process. At last we put forward several coping strategies to some key risks. The work of this paper helps enterprises to identify risks of charging facilities and avoid them.
Economic Comparison of the Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicle – Taking China, US and Belgium as Examples
Authors: Wu Wen Jing , Zhu Luo Jia , Wen Er Kang
Published: December 2014

New energy vehicles are becoming the future of auto industry and acquire considerable significance in many fields including energy conservation, CO2 emission reduction, environmental protection, oil dependence reduction, cultivation of new economic growth point, etc.. Based on international comparison and investigation to China’s two major auto industry bases----Changchun and Hubei, this paper discusses and analyzes, from economic point of view, the world new energy vehicle development and its experiences to China. Compares China’s new energy vehicle policies with relevant US policies. Analyzes the success of Belgian high tech and green plastic auto development. Illustrates, from consumers’ and companies’ view respectively, influence of China’s policies to the new energy vehicle development. Finally, summarizes the characteristics of China’s development, studies problems existing, and puts forward certain constructive suggestions.
Distribution of Electric Field for EMU's Post Insulators Based on the Finite Element Method
Authors: Mu Qing Bo , Zhang Zhao Hua , Jia Bu Chao , Ma Jian Qiao
Published: December 2014

Compared with power system, post insulators used in High-speed Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) have unique features such as limited space, low number of sheds and complex pantograph, which produces high electric field at some part of post insulators. When the insulators electric field exceeds a numerical value, it will produce corona discharge and reduce the reliability of High-speed EMU. At the same time, a distinct discharge phenomenon has been observed on the surface of the small curvature radius for pantograph. For guiding optimization of electric field for post insulators and pantograph, a simplified model of post insulators as well as the pantograph is established to calculate the distribution of potential and electric field based on ANSYS. Because the applied voltage cycle is far less than the relaxation time of the dielectric, electrostatic field module can be used in the ANSYS Simulation. By simulating, the maximum electric field is occurred at the pantograph angle and some measures should be taken to reduce the electric field to assure the reliability of the EMU. The potential would decrease along the axis of the post insulator and the first umbrella bear the largest voltage drop.
A Probability Distribution Model to Simulate Wind Power Output Fluctuation
Authors: Li Chi , Liu Chun , Huang Yue Hui
Published: December 2014

It is of great significance for the safe and stable operation of power system to master the fluctuation characteristics of wind power output. On the basis of analyzing a large number of field measured data, a weighted mixed Gaussian probability model is proposed to simulate short-time wind power fluctuation characteristics of wind farm cluster, that evaluation indices to reflect the short-time maximum fluctuation of wind power output and maximum likelihood estimation algorithm based on Expectation Maximization (EM) to estimate model parameters are put forward. This model is compared with various other kinds of probability distribution model and the simulation results show that the weighted mixed Gaussian probability model possesses the highest precision, so as the effectiveness of the weighted mixed Gaussian probability model is verified.
Characteristics of Heat and Mass Transfer in Condesation Process of Gas-Liquid Cross Flow
Authors: Zhang Feng Zhen , Ma Xie , Yang Hu , Liu Xing Yong , Du Huai Ming
Published: December 2014

The condensation process of liquid-gas cross flow was mathematically modeled, and the expressions of heat and mass transfer coefficient were obtained. The characteristics of high temperature and humidity gas that flowed across an array of liquid columns were experimentally studied in various working conditions to get the heat and mass transfer coefficient. The results showed that: the heat and mass transfer coefficient of the staggered arrangement is 20~40% higher than that of the aligned arrangement; the gas turbulence near the gas-liquid interface caused by the flow of the liquid columns and that caused by the gas flow around liquid columns are the main factors that intensify the heat and mass transfer in low and high gas flow rate respectively.
Numerical Simulation of Turbulence-Chemical Interaction Models on Combustible Particle MILD Combustion
Authors: Shen Bin Xian , Liu Wei Qiang
Published: December 2014

Typical combustible particle coal has been analyzed by using turbulence-chemistry interaction models to realize which models are more accurate and reasonable on pulverized coal MILD combustion. Three turbulence-chemistry interaction models are examined: the Equilibrium Mixture Fraction/PDF (PDF), the Eddy Break Up (EBU), the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC). All of three models can give a suitable prediction of axial velocity on combustible particle coal MILD combustion because turbulence-chemistry interaction models have little influence on flow field and flow structure. The Eddy Dissipation Concept model (EDC), based on advanced turbulence-chemistry interaction with global and detailed kinetic mechanisms can produce satisfactory results on chemical and fluid dynamic behavior of combustible particle coal MILD combustion, especially on temperature and species concentrations.
Thermoeconomic Optimization for a Ferroelectric Ericsson Refrigerator
Authors: Wu Li Shuang , Wu Jin Mei , Yang Hui Shan
Published: December 2014

Using the finite-time thermodynamics, based on the thermodynamics properties of ferroelectric materials and a linear heat-transfer law, the inherent regenerative losses in the cycle are calculated and the fundamental optimum relations and other relevant performance parameters are determined. The thermoeconomic optimization for ferroelectric Ericsson refrigeration-cycle is reported. The cooling load for the refrigerator per unit total cost is proposed as objective functions for the optimization. The optimum performance parameters which maximize the objective functions are investigated. Since the optimization technique consists of both investment and energy consumption costs, the obtained results are more general and realistic.
Effects of Different Working Fluid by Using of Waste Heat Obtained from Coal-Fired Units in Organic Rankine Cycles
Authors: Jiang Wei Ting , Zhao Xin , Pan Wei Guo , Zhang Xiao Yong , Xiong Jian Wen , Gu Hai Jun , Ren Zi Hua
Published: December 2014

The characteristics of working medium is one of the important factors for organic Rankine cycle.The study is based on the waste heat of power plant,7 kinds working medium are selected,include R245fa, R600, R600a, R601a, R236fa, R236ea and RC318.ORC's thermodynamic cycle characteristics are calculated based on the first law of thermodynamics,then,compared the thermal efficiency,evaporating pressure and power ratio of different working medium.Results show that R245fa and R601a as the ORC system working medium have higher thermal efficiency and power ratio,and lower evaporating pressure than other five working medium,are ideal organic working medium to recycle flue gas waste heat of power plant.Secondly,R600 as system cycle working medium also has relatively good performance,can be the appropriate choice of working medium.
Research of Wind Shear Dynamic Characteristics of Wind Wheels
Authors: Chen Xiao Ming , Kang Shun , Zuo Wei
Published: December 2014

In order to accurately analysis the aerodynamic characteristic variations of wind turbines under shear, the influence of axial and shear on the aerodynamic characteristic of a horizontal-axis wind turbine is simulated in this paper by using a sliding grid method based on FlowVision. By using the TJÆREBORG wind turbine as the object of study, a three-dimensional model of a uniform wind flow can be created. The CFD calculation results, the experimental results and the Bladed results can be used to confirm the reliability of the model. In order to investigate the effect of wind shear with regard to three-dimensional unsteady flow characteristics and a three-dimensional flow field in a wind turbine impeller, an analysis of wheel wind speed of 11m/s and an investigation of the influence of wind shear on turbine performance are carried out.
CFD Analysis of Impeller Internal Flow Field in Multistage Pump with Inducer
Authors: Zhang Ling , Huang Peng Jie , Li Hai Qiang , Diao Yun Peng
Published: December 2014

Based on the three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged N-S equations and the standard k-ε turbulence model, the inner flow of a multistage vane water centrifugal pump was simulated. The distribution law of inner flow was analyzed by using the SIMPLEC algorithm and multiple reference frame (MRF) model provided by CFD software Fluent. The pressure and velocity distribution law in impeller and vane diffuser are obtained. Results indicated that the lowest pressure area , where cavitation was easy to occur, was in the inlet of the first impeller blade back. There is reverse flow in outlet of impeller. An area of low pressure can be seen in the inlet of return guide vanes. The guide vane could reduce fluid velocity and eliminated fluid rotating component.
A Study on the Effects of Blade Thickness on the Performance of Low Specific Speed Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Jin Yong Xin , Song Wen Wu , Jie Fu
Published: December 2014

The effects of blade thickness on impeller performance is seldom considered when design the low specific speed centrifugal pump and only considered crowding coefficient when use the speed coefficient method calculate the head of the impeller was designed. It was didn't consider the fundamental relationship how leaf thickness and low specific speed centrifugal impeller performance effect each other. The three-dimensional of flow area would have large influence if the leaf thickness changes . Here the best true thickness of the low specific speed centrifugal impeller blade was obtained though study how the thickness of blade influence on the performance of low specific speed centrifugal pump.
Central Plant Control Optimization with a Thermal Chilled Water Energy Storage System: A Case Study in a High-Tech Building
Authors: Lin Yao Lin , Yang Wei , Liu Ming Sheng
Published: December 2014

The paper presents the study on the control optimization of the central cooling plant system including thermal chilled water energy storage (TES) tank in a high-tech building consists of office area, clean room and lab space. The optimized control sequences were implemented on the cooling tower staging, cooling tower fan/condenser water pump/primary chilled water pump staging and speed control, chiller staging, TES pump speed and TES modulation valves control, and secondary chilled water loop differential pressure control. The proposed control effectively resolved the problem of fluctuation in the secondary chilled water supply temperature during charging cycle and temperature increase during the discharging cycle. The number of primary chilled water pumps, condenser water pumps and cooling tower fans were also reduced to minimum after the optimization. Implementation of optimized control sequences is predicted to have an annual electricity savings of 856,125 kWh, which is about 20% of the total central plant energy consumption.
Mechanism Research about Impact of Large-Scale Wind Power Integration on Grid Loss
Authors: Wei Ze Tian , Liu Wen Ying , Liu Fu Chao , Zhuo Jian Zong
Published: December 2014

This paper firstly analyzes the mechanism of transmission line and transformer loss and illustrates the equivalent model and calculating method. Then creates a simple three-node model and discusses the main factors which affect the grid loss with adequate formula. At last, we draw a concise conclusion that there are several factors affecting grid loss. The main factors are the location of wind power access, the active power flow of transmission lines, the active power output of wind farms and the voltage level of wind power access.
Research on Images Restoration Method under the Foggy Environment
Authors: Liu Hui , Liu Xue Bin
Published: December 2014

Because of the atmospheric scattering phenomenon, weather atmospheric degraded images captured in foggy environment have poor contrast and visibility, it has seriously affected the quality of the images. So this paper analysis and find something different between the dark channel prior and the interpolating self-adaptive histogram equalization method based on physical and non-physical model. And using the histogram similarity evaluation is evaluated on them. Finally, further discussion are indicated on techniques challenges and future development.
Watershed Image Segmentation Based on PSO and FCM
Authors: Yu Gui Shui , Li Ke
Published: December 2014

A watershed segmentation algorithm based on fuzzy C-means clustering () was proposed in this paper , which can solve the problem of over-segmentation in sonar image processing. Firstly, the original image was transformed to be gray image and then segmented by watershed algorithm. Secondly, the improved particle swarm optimization () was used to find the accurate original clustering centers of . Finally, with the accurate centers and the improved target function, the small regions of the initial segmented image was clustered by . The iterating number was controlled to increase segmenting speed. Additionally, the high sonar image segmentation efficiency is testified in the experiment and the problem of over-segmentation is restricted.
Entropy and Distance Measure of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Sets
Authors: Li Ya Ya
Published: December 2014

Molodtsov initiated the concept of soft sets, which can be used as general mathematical tool for dealing with untertainty. An intuitionistic fuzzy soft set is a combination of an intuitionistic fuzzy set and a soft set. In this paper, we introduce a formula to calculate the entropy of intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets. We also give numerical example to illustrate the application of the entropy. Furthermore, we study the relationship of the entropy and the distance measure of intuitionistic soft fuzzy sets.