bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Full Scale Trial Results for Investigations of Maneuverability of Ships
Authors: Asinovsky Volf
Published: November 2022

Ship trials provide a very important source of information for solution of different tasks of maneuverability of ships.

This paper is devoted to the consideration of two such tasks: definition of the maneuverability criteria and determination of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the ship's hull.

A set of criteria based on determining parameters of ship maneuvering is considered.

A method is presented for the determination of hydrodynamic characteristics of a ship hull from the parameters of motion measured during the maneuvering trials.

This method is based on the results of the analysis of the relationship between the hydrodynamic forces on the ship hull and rudder. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the ship hull determined from the trials can be used for new designs, in the study of scale effects, and other tasks of the applied maneuverability of ships.
Identification of T.V. Kings Pointer Hydrodynamic Model Using Sea Trials Inertial Data
Authors: Trankle Thomas
Published: November 2022

The T.V. Kings Pointer, a research and training vessel operated by the Maritime Administration, conducted maneuvering trials in August of 1987. In a 5 day period, Kings Pointer executed 150 Individual maneuvers, of which 89 were performed for the purpose of collection of data for hydrodynamic system identification. Data were collected by a portable package called the Marine Coefficient Identification System (MARCIS), and included outputs of navigation quality inertial sensors as well of vessel heading, wind velocity, LORAN-C position, Doppler sonar velocity, rudder angle and propeller rate. The coefficients for the nonlinear hydrodynamic model used in the Computer Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF) maneuvering simulation were estimated from the data using system identification methods.
Approaches for Documentation in Continuous Software Development
Authors: Theunissen Theo , Hoppenbrouwers Stijn , Overbeek Sietse
Published: November 2022

It is common practice for practitioners in industry as well as for ICT/CS students to keep writing – and reading ­– about software products to a bare minimum. However, refraining from documentation may result in severe issues concerning the vaporization of knowledge regarding decisions made during the phases of design, build, and maintenance.  In this article, we distinguish between knowledge required upfront to start a project or iteration, knowledge required to complete a project or iteration, and knowledge required to operate and maintain software products. With `knowledge', we refer to actionable information. We propose three approaches to keep up with modern development methods to prevent the risk of knowledge vaporization in software projects. These approaches are `Just Enough Upfront' documentation, `Executable Knowledge', and `Automated Text Analytics' to help record, substantiate, manage and retrieve design decisions in the aforementioned phases. The main characteristic of `Just Enough Upfront' documentation is that knowledge required upfront includes shaping thoughts/ideas, a codified interface description between (sub)systems, and a plan. For building the software and making maximum use of progressive insights, updating the specifications is sufficient. Knowledge required by others to use, operate and maintain the product includes a detailed design and accountability of results. `Executable Knowledge' refers to any executable artifact except the source code. Primary artifacts include Test Driven Development methods and infrastructure-as-code, including continuous integration scripts. A third approach concerns `Automated Text Analysis' using Text Mining and Deep Learning to retrieve design decisions.
Creativity in Second Language Learning and Use: Theoretical Foundations and Practical Implications. A Literature Review
Authors: Verde Viktoria
Published: November 2022

This paper is a comprehensive literature review of the role of creativity in second language (L2) learning and use. It seeks to provide a theoretical background of the concept of creativity and show its practical relevance in the L2 context. The article begins with the conceptualisations of general creativity and narrows down to the concept of linguistic creativity and its instances in L2 use. Next, it presents the empirical research findings that point to an important role and benefits of creativity in L2 learning and use. The paper closes with pedagogical implications and methodological guidelines on enhancing creativity in the L2 classroom.
Tendencia poblacional de la liebre ibérica (Lepus granatensis) en el sur de la dorsal galega, España
Authors: Eiroa Julio , Prendes José Manuel F. , Piñeiro Juan F. , Costas Rafael , Barciela Santiago , Mucientes Gonzalo
Published: November 2022

The Iberian hare (Lepus granatensis Rosenhauer, 1856) has the western distribution limit in the south of the dorsal galega. This work provides new data on the status of the species over 16 years of sampling. Indices of relative abundance of Iberian hare were determined in the dorsal galega through night censuses carried out in each season. During the years 2006-2020, a total of 2,500 km was gone down along forest tracks in the Suido and Faro de Avión mountain ranges, spread over 196 days. The relative abundance for the hare ranged between 0.07 and 0.30 ind/km for the Faro de Avión with an average of 0.18 ± 0.06 ind/km, and between 0.02 and 0.22 ind/km for the Suido, with an average of 0.07 ± 0.06 ind/km. The monitoring along the years of the studied population supports scientific decision-making for conservation and hunting management purposes.
Teaching History Through Turning Points
Authors: Whitehouse John A.
Published: November 2022

This article explores the use of turning points in history teaching. Historians describe instances of pivotal change as turning points. Identification of a turning point is a judgment of historical significance. The research demonstrates this by analysing an example from classical historiography.
Inclusion of a turning point at the start of learning and teaching sequence necessitates exploration of the causal processes that resulted in the change. Similarly, discussion of any turning point is incomplete without examination of its consequences. Teachers can use turning points to highlight
the interpretative nature of historical inquiry. Curriculum specialists can assist teachers in this work.
The Role of Agricultural Sector in Food Security and Poverty Alleviation in Indonesia and Turkey
Authors: Mukhlis Imam , Gürçam Özlem Sökmen
Published: November 2022

This study aims to analyze the role of the agricultural sector in food security and poverty alleviation in Indonesia and Turkey. The data analysis method was descriptive data analysis, while the data were secondary. The results of this study show that the Indonesian agricultural sector provides basic food needs for the population in the form of rice, corn, and cassava production. When considered in terms of Turkey, the agricultural sector shows that products such as wheat, sugar beet, and barley provide the basic food needs for the population. In some cases where food needs cannot be fulfilled by domestic production, importing food products from other countries becomes an option. Import is expected to be able to maintain the stability of domestic food prices and availability. In addition, the agricultural sector plays a role in providing employment and income for the population in Indonesia and Turkey. By doing this, the agricultural sector can provide food and alleviate poverty in both countries.
A Case for Indigenous Ghanaian Counselling Practice
Authors: Bedu-Addo P. K. A.
Published: November 2022

The paper makes a case for the inclusion of indigenous African counselling practices in the 21st Century counselling practices. The seeming absence of a theoretical underpinning of indigenous counselling practice, especially within the Ghanaian ecosystem is addressed, together with what constitutes indigenous guidance and counselling. Additionally, the tools available for uses by the indigenous Ghanaian counsellor are scrutinized, together with situations that precipitate guidance and counselling in indigenous settings. The merits and demerits of indigenous Ghanaian counselling practices are also examined. The paper concludes with an advocacy for the inclusion of certain elements of indigenous counselling practices in modern day delivery of counselling especially in the African setting.
Impact of Principal Leadership Styles on the Effectiveness of Schools: A Revisiting Review of the Literature (2018-2022)
Authors: Nwajiaku Kingsley, Okechucku , Cheah Kenny S. L. , Sakiru Oladipo Kolapo
Published: November 2022

Education research is mostly focused on school effectiveness. The majority of the study in this field has been on school effectiveness in terms of academic success and leadership. This research aims to examine the link between school leadership and school effectiveness. Only journal papers from SCOPUS were used in this conceptual and content-related analysis were examined. A number of important themes arose from the content analysis, which led to more conclusive conclusions that highlighted the importance of leadership styles and school defects in the creation of exceptional schools. The smooth operation of the school depends on the principal's leadership style.
Impact of In-situ Paddy Straw Burning on Soil Enzyme Activity, Soil Microbial Population and Green House Gas Emissions in Sandy Loam Soil
Authors: Ravali Ch. , Jayasree G. , Pratibha G. , Triveni S. , Reddy K. Sammi
Published: November 2022

The rice - maize cropping system is one of the predominant cropping systems in Telangana state, which also produces large quantities of residues, whose disposal is a major problem. A large quantity of paddy straw is burnt on the farm to clear the field for succeeding crop. On the farm, a significant amount of paddy straw is burned to prepare the land for a subsequent crop. Burning crop residue damages the air and results in the loss of a significant amount of biomass plant nutrients and the entire amount of carbon. The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of paddy straw burning on soil biological properties (enzyme activities, microbial population) and to know the amount of green house gas (GHG) emissions released due to burning of residue, under two tillage systems viz., no tillage and conventional tillage. Results indicated that there was a significant decrease in soil microbial population, dehydrogenase activity (41.52% in NT and       40.07% in CT), acid and alkaline phosphatase activity and urease activity in soil due to residue burning. It also indicated that there was a rise in CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions 48 hours after residue burning. It can be concluded that crop residue burning leads to decrease in the enzyme activities and soil microbial population. It also leads to rise in green house gas emissions. The impact of rice straw burning on different microbial genera has to be further studied by researchers.
Assessment of Growth and Yield of Sweet Potato Genotypes
Authors: Kar D. S. , Panda C. M. , Sahu G. S. , Tripathy P. , Das A. K. , Sahu S. , Mohanty A.
Published: November 2022

The experiment was conducted taking Fifteen genotypes of sweet potato were evaluated in RBD with three replications during kharif season of 2019 & 2020 at in the K.V.K Dhenkanal District ,Odisha. Among the characters studied, different high PCV and GCV were observed for characters like vine length, vine internodal length, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, total leaf area, number of roots per plant, root yield per plant, β-carotene content, starch content, total sugars, reducing sugars, non reducing sugars and total root yield per hectare content indicating high variability available in the germplasm for these characters for further improvement. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for characters vine length, vine internodal length, number of branches per plant, length of leaf lobe, number of leaves per plant, total leaf area, root girth, root yield per plant, β-carotene content, starch content, total sugars, reducing sugars, non reducing sugars and total root yield per hectare indicated that these characters were least influenced by the environmental effects, and these characters were governed by additive genes and selection will be rewarding for improvement of such traits. The total root yield per hectare (t/ha) had significant positive correlation with traits like number of branches per plant, number of roots per plant, root girth, root yield per plant and β-carotene content suggesting the importance of these traits in selection for yield and can be identified as yield attributing characters for the genetic improvement of yield in sweet potato. The total root yield per hectare (t/ha) was result of direct effect of number of branches per plant, number of roots per plant, root length, root yield per plant, starch content and reducing sugars. The high direct effect of these traits appeared to be the main factor for their strong association with total root yield per hectare. Analysis for divergence using D2 statistic revealed highly significant differences for different traits, grouping the 15 genotypes into 6 clusters. Cluster II had the maximum number of genotypes (8) followed by cluster I (7). Maximum inter cluster distance was observed between clusters III and VI while the intra cluster distance was maximum in cluster II and VI. Highest percent contribution to divergence came from β-carotene content, starch content, total sugar, total leaf area, root dry matter content, number of leaves per plant, root yield per plant, petiole length, root girth, vine length and reducing sugar suggested that selection of one or two elite genotypes from divergent (II & VI) and (III & VI) clusters based on the above characters and crossing would result in more heterosis and novel hybrid.
Recent Links between Zoonosis and a Catastrophic Global Climate Change
Authors: Gehlot Er. Mahima
Published: November 2022

COVID-19 has caused widespread fear, a global health catastrophe, and a fall in the global economy. There has been a conflict over COVID-19 cases over the last couple of years. Daily incidents prompted previously unheard-of preventative measures, incarcerating a considerable percentage of the world's population and establishing "social distance" as the newly accepted standard of behavior. All recent outbreaks within the past few decades share a common characteristic: they are zoonotic viruses that spread through human contact and wreak havoc on mankind. COVID-19, EBOLA, Zika virus, avian flu, the West Nile virus, SARS, and MERS all exhibit this characteristic. In essence, zoonotic viruses that spread from animals to humans cause 70% of all infectious diseases worldwide. COVID-19 has taught humanity how terrible life can be. Its link to climate change is likewise not obscured from humans. As zoonotic diseases become more common, humans must consider the larger picture, including their connection to climate change. We can learn how to limit climate change by addressing pandemics and the reasons behind those triggers.

This paper aims to analyses recent zoonotic virus outbreaks linked to climate change over the past few decades and ponders the possible consequences for humanity and its future. The paper also discusses potential causes of epidemics that happened in the past linked with the climate crisis as well as mitigation strategies for the climate crisis to prevent them from disrupting our daily lives.
Impact of Heads of Secondary Schools’ Managerial Skills on Students’ Academic Performance in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania
Authors: Mkude Neema , Omer Solomon
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the research study was set to investigate the impact of heads of secondary schools’ managerial skills on students’ academic performance in Morogoro Municipality in Tanzania. The specific objectives were to determine the managerial skills possessed by heads of secondary schools which influenced academic performance in Morogoro municipality, to find out how heads of secondary schools’ managerial skills influenced the students’ academic performance and measures of improving heads of schools’ management skills in Morogoro Municipality in Tanzania. The saturated sampling technique was used to identify the respondents for the study. Thus, all respondents were given opportunity to participate in the study. Twenty three heads of secondary schools within Morogoro Municipality were involved in the study. The data were collected through closed-ended questionnaires for quantitative data and open-ended questionnaires for qualitative data. The instrument reliability was tested using Cronbach Coefficient Alpha where the coefficient of 0.757 was realized and it was considered reliable. The quantitative data were presented in the APA tables for discussion whereas the qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The results revealed that most heads of schools were able to use different management skills to influence students’ academic performance in secondary schools. In order to get better academic improvement, there was a need for different measures to improve heads of schools’ management skills. It was recommended that. Heads of schools should be committed in school supervision by using the management competence they had acquired. In order to impact positively on students’ academic performance, Government should provide opportunity for management training in order to improve management skills, that is critical in enhancing academic performance.
Antidiabetic Effects of Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth) (Asteraceae) Aqueous Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat
Authors: Claire Tchamadeu Marie , Patience Emambo , Calvin Bogning Zangueu , Désiré Dzeufiet Djomeni Paul , Bertrand Dongmo Alain , Pierre Choukem Siméon
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim: Diabetes mellitus is an increasing disease empirically controlled with medicinal plants, whose many virtues are still unknown even by people who eat them as food. The study aimed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and antidiabetic effects of Crassocephalum crepidioides aerial parts aqueous extract in normal and diabetic rats.

Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Animal Biology and Physiology (University of Douala), July - November 2016.

Experimental Procedure: Normal, glucose-overloaded normal, and Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats received the Crassocephalum crepidioides aqueous extract at various doses (13.5–300 mg/kg) in a single administration, and their fasting blood glucose was followed for over 5h. In prolonged treatment, Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats received daily administration of the plant extract for 21 days and, blood glucose level, body weight, food, and water intake were followed weekly, while serum biochemical parameters were evaluated after 21 days of treatment. ¶ Type 1 diabetes was induced by an intravenous administration of a single dose of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) was used as standard treatment for comparison with the plant extract.  

Results and Conclusion: The acute administration of Crassocephalum crepidioides extract did not reduce blood glucose levels of normal and diabetic rats, but significantly reduced (P<0.05 – P<0.01) the thirtieth-minute increase of glycemia in glucose-overloaded rats. Moreover, the 21-day treatment with the extract induced significant decreases (P<0.05 – P˂0.001) in serum glucose, creatinine, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and ALAT/ASAT levels or activities, and significant increases (P˂0.001) in serum HDL-cholesterol and body weight of diabetic rats. The ¶C. crepidioides aqueous extract has poten antidiabetic effects, justifying its traditional use for diabetes mellitus.
Follow-up of Patients With Keratinocyte Carcinoma
Authors: Mirali Sara , Tang Evan , Drucker Aaron M. , Turchin Irina , Gooderham Melinda , Levell Nick , Beecker Jennifer , Bissonnette Robert , Catherall Helen , Lapointe McKenzie Jo-Ann , Hawkins Nicole , Hong Chih-Ho , Kalia Sunil , Papp Kim , Chan An-Wen
Published: November 2022

Importance

Patients treated for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), collectively called keratinocyte carcinoma (KC), are at risk for recurrence, metastasis, and additional primary cutaneous malignant neoplasms. It is unclear how often patients should be seen for follow-up skin examination after initial treatment of KC.

Objective

To summarize the recommendations and evaluate the methodological quality of clinical practice guidelines for dermatologic follow-up of patients with BCC and invasive SCC.

Evidence Review

PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase were searched for relevant articles published from January 2010 to March 2022. Search terms included guideline, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma. National or international guidelines containing recommendations for follow-up frequency after a diagnosis of localized cutaneous KC were included. Quality was assessed using the 6 domains of the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool: (1) scope and purpose; (2) stakeholder development; (3) rigor of development; (4) clarity of presentation; (5) applicability; and (6) editorial independence. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) was used to guide study reporting.

Findings

Among the 14 guidelines meeting eligibility criteria, there was little consensus on the appropriate follow-up frequency after initial KC treatment. Overall duration of follow-up ranged from a single posttreatment visit to lifelong surveillance. Most guidelines stratified their recommendations by recurrence risk. For low-risk BCC and guidelines that did not stratify by risk, follow-up recommendations ranged from every 6 to 12 months. For high-risk BCC, 1 guideline suggested follow-up every 3 months, while 4 recommended every 6 months. For low-risk SCC, 5 guidelines recommended annual follow-up; 3 guidelines, every 6 months; and 1 guideline, every 3 months. For high-risk SCC, recommendations included a range of follow-up frequencies, spanning every 3 months (n = 5 guidelines), 4 months (n = 1), 6 months (n = 6), or annually (n = 4). One guideline did not use risk stratification and recommended annual screening. The highest scoring AGREE II domain was “scope and purpose,” which assessed the guideline’s overall objectives, and the lowest scoring was “applicability,” which assessed barriers and facilitators to implementation.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this systemic review highlight variations in follow-up recommendations for patients after initial treatment for KC. Randomized clinical trials are needed to define an optimal follow-up regimen.
Computational fluid dynamics for cross‐ventilated airflow in an urban building
Authors: Hirose Chiyoko , Ikegaya Naoki , Hagishima Aya , Tanimoto Jun
Published: November 2022

In this study, the velocity field in a naturally ventilated building within an urban‐like array was explored using large‐eddy simulations. Reduced‐scale building models were used to examine the impacts of the geometric conditions in the surrounding buildings and cross‐ventilating windows on the flow statistics and instantaneous velocity fields in the sheltered building. The instantaneous velocity components averaged in the opening area were calculated for each condition of the building arrays and openings. The results indicate that the surrounding urban geometry significantly affects the turbulent opening velocities. Additionally, the three‐dimensional instantaneous velocity distributions within the target building clearly demonstrate considerable differences under the different building and opening conditions. Such differences also affect the mean, maximum, and minimum wind speeds within the indoor regions. Moreover, the distributions of the two‐point correlation coefficient (defined by the velocities normal to the windows at the center of the windward opening and inside the building) were compared for each condition. The strong correlations near the two openings indicate that the instantaneous velocity generated by the surrounding buildings is an important factor in determining the statistical and instantaneous features of indoor ventilating airflows.
Ultrastretchable Ionogel with Extreme Environmental Resilience through Controlled Hydration Interactions
Authors: Ye Yuhang , Oguzlu Hale , Zhu Jiaying , Zhu Penghui , Yang Pu , Zhu Yeling , Wan Zhangmin , Rojas Orlando J. , Jiang Feng
Published: November 2022

Ionic conductive gels are widely sought after for applications that require reliable ionic conduction and mechanical performance under extreme conditions, which remains a grand challenge. To address this limitation, water‐induced hydration interactions are deliberately controlled within the ionic liquid (IL)‐based conductive gels (ionogels) to achieve all‐round performance. Specifically, the competitive interactions between IL, water and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are balanced to preserve the nanoscale morphology of CNF while avoiding its dissolution. As a result, both mechanical performance and ionic conductivity of the resultant ionogel are synergistically enhanced. For instance, an ultra stretchable ionogel (up to 10250 ± 412% stretchability) with both high toughness (21.8 ± 0.9 MJ m−3) and ionic conductivity (0.70 ± 0.06 S m−1) is achieved. Furthermore, multimodal sensing functions (strain, compression, temperature, and humidity) are realized by assembling the ionogel as a skin‐like membrane. Due to the low volatility of IL and its strong interaction with water, the ionogel maintains an excellent performance at either ultra‐low temperature (−45 °C), high temperature (75 °C) or low humidity environment (RH < 15%), demonstrating superb anti‐freezing and anti‐drying performance. Overall, a simple yet versatile strategy is introduced that leads to environmentally resilient ionogels to meet the requirements of next‐generation electroactive devices.
From Peripheral Stereogenic Center to Axial Chirality: Synthesis of 3‐Arylthiophene Atropisomers
Authors: Li Lin , Xi Junwei , Hong Biqiong , Gu Zhenhua
Published: November 2022

A practical synthesis of axially chiral biaryls via chirality transfer from peripheral stereogenic carbon centers is reported. In contrast to the traditional aromatization process of a non‐aromatic structure withipsostereogenic centers, this method is based on a Pd‐catalyzed carbon‐carbon bond cleavage/ring‐opening reaction of optically active 8H‐indenothiophen‐8‐ols with an achiral ligand, enabling synthesis of highly functionalized 3‐arylthiophene atropisomers in high enantioselectivity.

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Wooden “Air Purifiers” with Fire‐Retardancy and Smoke‐Suppression Properties
Authors: Sun Xiaohan , Yu Qianqian , Yang Zhaolin , Hu Senwei , Yang Haiyue , Wang Xin , Zhou Jiazuo , Yu Yuan , Wang Chengyu , Li Yudong
Published: November 2022

The demand for improved indoor air quality has grown with improvements in the standards of living worldwide. While wood is widely used to construct furniture since it is a renewable resource and aesthetically pleasing, it is also flammable, which limits its applications. Although there have been extensive research efforts in reducing the flammability of wood products, current approaches often have adverse effects on the environment. In this work, a novel organo‐inorganic coordination system is proposed to prepare a fire‐retardant and smoke suppression wooden “air purifier” using a vacuum impregnation method. The “air purifier” is composed of tourmaline particles/KH550 (TPs/KH550) and delignified wood. The added TPs give the final composites capable to purify air (1000 psc cm−3 negative oxygen ions [NOIs]). Compared with pristine wood (PW), total heat release (THR), peak heat release rate (HRR), and smoke production rate (SPR) of the wooden “air purifier” are reduced by 47.88%, 11.73%, and 82.81%, respectively, highlighting that the composites have good fire‐retardancy and smoke suppression performances. Life cycle assessment (LCA) results indicate the composites have minimal environmental impact (EI) in 15 categories. This green, eco‐friendly wooden “air purifier” with fire‐retardant and smoke suppression properties has a great potential application in furniture and buildings.
High Electrochemiluminescence from Ru(bpy)32+ Embedded Metal–Organic Frameworks to Visualize Single Molecule Movement at the Cellular Membrane
Authors: Li Binxiao , Huang Xuedong , Lu Yanwei , Fan Zihui , Li Bin , Jiang Dechen , Sojic Neso , Liu Baohong
Published: November 2022

Direct imaging of single‐molecule and its movement is of fundamental importance in biology, but challenging. Herein, aided by the nanoconfinement effect and resultant high reaction activity within metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), the designed Ru(bpy)32+ embedded MOF complex (RuMOFs) exhibits bright electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emission permitting high‐quality imaging of ECL events at single molecule level. By labeling individual proteins of living cells with single RuMOFs, the distribution of membrane tyrosine‐protein‐kinase‐like7 (PTK7) proteins at low‐expressing cells is imaged via ECL. More importantly, the efficient capture of ECL photons generated inside the MOFs results in a stable ECL emission up to 1 h, allowing the in operando visualization of protein movements at the cellular membrane. As compared with the fluorescence observation, near‐zero ECL background surrounding the target protein with the ECL emitter gives a better contrast for the dynamic imaging of discrete protein movement. This achievement of single molecule ECL dynamic imaging using RuMOFs will provide a more effective nanoemitter to observe the distribution and motion of individual proteins at living cells.
Innovation as a resilience strategy to economic crises for international food and drink firms
Authors: Curzi Daniele , Materia Valentina C. , Vaquero‐Piñeiro Cristina
Published: November 2022

The 2008–2009 global economic downturn emphasized the role of demand contractions and the potential mediation role of trade on firms' performance in times of crisis. Evidence in anticyclical sectors such as the food industry is scarce. Using European firm‐level data on the 2008–2009 crisis, we explore (i) whether the internal demand or market synchronism (external demand) prevailed when assessing their relation with the crisis and (ii) the role innovation strategies played in mitigating this in weathering the drop in demand. Results indicate that the more internationalized firms are, the more they suffer from economic crises, with exporters the most affected, but that innovation can have a mitigating role. [EconLit Citations: F14, G01, O32].
An Atom‐Pair Design Strategy for Optimizing the Synergistic Electron Effects of Catalytic Sites in NO Selective Reduction
Authors: Qu Weiye , Yuan Haiyang , Ren Zhouhong , Qi Jizhen , Xu Dongrun , Chen Junxiao , Chen Liwei , Yang Huagui , Ma Zhen , Liu Xi , Wang Haifeng , Tang Xingfu
Published: November 2022

Effective adsorption and speedy surface reactions are vital requirements for efficient active sites in catalysis, but it remains challenging to maximize these two functions simultaneously. We present a solution to this issue by designing a series of atom‐pair catalytic sites with tunable electronic interactions. As a case study, NO selective reduction occurring on V1−W1/TiO2 is chosen. Experimental and theoretical results reveal that the synergistic electron effect present between the paired atoms enriches high‐energy spin charge around the Fermi level, simultaneously rendering reactant (NH3 or O2) adsorption more effective and subsequent surface reactions speedier as compared with single V or W atom alone, and hence higher reaction rates. This strategy enables us to rationally design a high‐performance V1−Mo1/TiO2 catalyst with optimized vanadium(IV)‐molybdenum(V) electronic interactions, which has exceptional activity significantly higher than the commercial or reported catalysts.
In Situ Formation of Nitrogen‐Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase and Simultaneous Regulating Solvation Structures for Advanced Zn Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Lv Dan , Liu Hongxia , Zhang Shaojie , Wang Cheng , Wang Chunting , Yang Jian , Qian Yitai
Published: November 2022

Zn metal as one of promising anode materials for aqueous batteries suffers from notorious dendrite growth, serious Zn corrosion and hydrogen evolution. Here, a bifunctional electrolyte additive, N‐methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), is developed to improve the electrochemical performance of Zn anode. NMP not only alters the solvation structure of Zn2+, but also in situ produces a dense N‐rich solid‐electrolyte‐interphase layer on Zn foils. This layer protects Zn foils from corrosive electrolytes and benefits the uniform plating/stripping of Zn. Hence, the asymmetrical cells with NMP in the electrolyte retain a high coulombic efficiency of 99.8 % over 1000 cycles. The symmetric cells survive ≈200 h for 10 mAh cm−2 at a high Zn utilization of 85.6 %. The full cells of Zn||MnO2 show an impressive cumulative capacity even with lean electrolyte (E/C ratio=10 μL mAh−1), limited Zn supply (N/P ratio=2.3) and high areal capacity (5.0 mAh cm−2).
Superior Metal‐Organic Framework Activation with Dimethyl Ether
Authors: Wright Keenan R. , Nath Karabi , Matzger Adam J.
Published: November 2022

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are demonstrated to be readily activated by treatment with the low surface tension, low boiling point solvent dimethyl ether (DME). The mildness of the method enables access to high surface areas by avoiding structural changes in the framework that often plague thermal activation methods. A distinction from previous methods is that DME activation succeeds for materials with coordinatively unsaturated sites (CUS) and non‐CUS MOFs as well. DME displaces solvent molecules occupying the pores of the MOF as well as those coordinated to metal centers; reducing evacuation temperature by using a coordinating, yet highly volatile guest enables low temperature activation with structural retention as demonstrated surface area measurements that match or exceed existing activation protocols.
Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes: Activation Enabled by a Single, Vinylogous Acceptor
Authors: Ahlburg Nils L. , Hergert Oliver , Jones Peter G. , Werz Daniel B.
Published: November 2022

A novel class of highly activated donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes bearing only a single, vinylogous acceptor is presented. These strained moieties readily undergo cycloadditions with aldehydes, ketones, thioketones, nitriles, naphth‐2‐ols and various other substrates to yield the corresponding carbo‐ and heterocycles. Diastereocontrol can be achieved through the choice of catalyst (Brønsted or Lewis acid). The formation of tetrahydrofurans was shown to be highly enantiospecific when chiral cyclopropanes are employed. A series of mechanistic and kinetic experiments was conducted to elucidate a plausible catalytic cycle and to rationalize the stereochemical outcome.
Convergent Assembly of the Tricyclic Labdane Core Enables Synthesis of Diverse Forskolin‐like Molecules
Authors: Szczepanik Paweł M. , Mikhaylov Andrey A. , Hylse Ondřej , Kučera Roman , Daďová Petra , Nečas Marek , Kubala Lukáš , Paruch Kamil , Švenda Jakub
Published: November 2022

We report a new synthetic strategy for the flexible preparation of forskolin‐like molecules. The approach is different from the previously published works and employs a convergent assembly of the tricyclic labdane‐type core from pre‐functionalized cyclic building blocks. Stereoselective Michael addition enabled the fragment coupling with excellent control over three newly created contiguous stereocenters, all‐carbon quaternary centers included. Silyl enol ether‐promoted ring‐opening metathesis paired with ring closure were the other key steps enabling concise assembly of the tricyclic core. Late‐stage functionalization sequences transformed the tricyclic intermediates into a set of different forskolin‐like molecules. The modular nature of the synthetic scheme described herein has the potential to become a general platform for the preparation of analogs of forskolin and other complex tricyclic labdanes.
RNA Probes for Visualization of Sarcin/ricin Loop Depurination without Background Fluorescence
Authors: Klimek Robin , Kaiser Christoph , Murmann Nina S. , Kaltenschnee Nina , Spanò Teresa , Wachtveitl Josef , Schuman Erin M. , Heckel Alexander
Published: November 2022

Protein synthesis via ribosomes is a fundamental process in all known living organisms. However, it can be completely stalled by removing a single nucleobase (depurination) at the sarcin/ricin loop of the ribosomal RNA. In this work, we describe the preparation and optimization process of a fluorescent probe that can be used to visualize depurination. Starting from a fluorescent thiophene nucleobase analog, various RNA probes that fluoresce exclusively in the presence of a depurinated sarcin/ricin‐loop RNA were designed and characterized. The main challenge in this process was to obtain a high fluorescence signal in the hybridized state with an abasic RNA strand, while keeping the background fluorescence low. With our new RNA probes, the fluorescence intensity and lifetime can be used for efficient monitoring of depurinated RNA.
Association between body mass index and localized prostate cancer management and disease‐specific quality of life
Authors: Samora Nathan L. , Wallis Christopher J. D. , Huang Li‐Ching , Tallman Jacob E. , Zhao Zhiguo , Hoffman Karen , Morgans Alicia , Cooperberg Matthew , Goodman Michael , Greenfield Sheldon , Hamilton Ann S. , Hashibe Mia , Kaplan Sherrie , O'Neil Brock , Paddock Lisa E. , Stroup Antoinette , Wu Xiao‐Cheng , Koyama Tatsuki , Penson David F. , Barocas Daniel A.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this work is to describe the association between body mass index (BMI) and (1) management option for localized prostate cancer (PCa) and (2) disease‐specific quality of life (ds‐QoL) after treatment or active surveillance.

Subjects/patients and methods

We analysed data from men with localized PCa managed with radical prostatectomy (RP), radiation therapy (RT), or active surveillance (AS) in a prospective, population‐based cohort study. We evaluated the association between BMI and management option with multivariable multinomial logistic regression analysis. The association between BMI and ds‐QoL was assessed using multivariable longitudinal linear regression. Regression models were adjusted for baseline domain scores, demographics, and clinicopathologic characteristics.

Results

A total of 2378 men were included (medians [quartiles]: age 64 [59–69] years; BMI 27 kg/m2; 77% were non‐Hispanic white); 29% were obese (BMI ≥ 30). Accounting for demographic and clinicopathologic features, BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2 was inversely associated with the likelihood of receiving RP (compared with RT) and became statistically significant at BMI ≥ 33 kg/m2 (maximum adjusted relative risk ratio = 0.80, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.95, p = 0.013 for BMI ≥ 33 vs. 25). Conversely, BMI was not significantly associated with the likelihood of receiving AS compared with RT. After stratification by management option, obese men who underwent definitive treatment were not found to have clinically worse ds‐QoL. Obese men initially on AS appeared to have worse urinary incontinence than nonobese men, but this was not significant on an as‐treated sensitivity analysis.

Conclusions

Among men with localized PCa, those with BMI ≥ 33 kg/m2 were less likely to receive surgery than radiation. Obesity was not associated with ds‐QoL in men undergoing definitive treatment, nor in men who remained on AS.
Effects of Charged Lipids on Giant Unilamellar Vesicle Fusion and Inner Content Mixing via Freeze‐Thawing
Authors: Shimomura Ayu , Ina Shiori , Oki Masaya , Tsuji Gakushi
Published: November 2022

Fusion between giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) can incorporate and mix components of biochemical reactions. Recently, GUV fusion induced by freeze‐thawing (F/T) was employed to construct artificial cells that can easily and repeatedly fuse GUVs with efficient content mixing. However, GUVs were ruptured during F/T, and the inner contents leaked. Herein, we investigated the effects of charged lipids on GUV fusion via F/T. The presence of 10 %‐50 % (w/w%) negatively charged lipids in GUV membranes, mainly composed of the neutral charged lipid 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (POPC), improved resistance to GUV rupture and decreased inner content leakage. Furthermore, we found that the presence of positively charged lipids in GUV membranes elevated GUV rupture compared with F/T between GUVs containing POPC alone. Modified GUVs may better incorporate nutrients and lipid membranes with less damage following GUV fusion via F/T, providing an improved artificial model.
Mesenchymal stem cells: A novel treatment option for primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Lightner Amy L. , Dadgar Neda , Vaidya Anil , Simon Robert , Fulmer Clifton , Siddiki Hassan , Narayanan Menon K. V. , Liu Peter , Matthew Walsh R.
Published: November 2022

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a progressive liver disease for which there is no effective therapy. Hepatocytes and cholangiocytes from a PSC patient were cocultured with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to assess in vitro change. A single patient with progressive PSC was treated with 150 million MSCs via direct injection into the common bile duct. Coculture of MSCs with cholangiocytes and hepatocytes showed in vitro improvement. Local delivery of MSCs into a single patient with progressive PSC was safe. Radiographic and endoscopic evaluation showed stable distribution of multifocal structuring in the early postoperative period. MSCs may be effective for the treatment of PSC.
Prediction of functional results of percutaneous coronary interventions with virtual stenting and quantitative flow ratio
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Jong , Mejía‐Rentería Hernán , Escaned Javier , Doh Joon‐Hyung , Lee Joo Myung , Hwang Doyeon , Yuasa Sonoka , Choi Ki Hong , Jang Ho‐Jun , Jeon Ki‐Hyun , Lee Juneyoung , Nam Chang‐Wook , Shin Eun‐Seok , Koo Bon‐Kwon
Published: November 2022

Background

The clinical value of residual quantitative flow ratio (rQFR), a novel function of QFR technique, is unknown.

Aim

We investigated the clinical value of rQFR, aimed to predict residual ischemia after virtual percutaneous coronary intervention (vPCI).

Methods

This is a substudy of the COE‐PERSPECTIVE registry, which investigated the prognostic value of post‐PCI fractional flow reserve (FFR). From pre‐PCI angiograms, QFR and rQFR were analyzed and their diagnostic performance was assessed at blinded fashion using pre‐PCI FFR and post‐PCI FFR as reference, respectively. The prognostic value of rQFR after vPCI was assessed according to vessel‐oriented composite outcome (VOCO) at 2 years.

Results

We analyzed 274 patients (274 vessels) with FFR‐based ischemic causing lesions (49%) from 555 screened patients. Pre‐PCI QFR and FFR were 0.63 ± 0.10 and 0.66 ± 0.11 (R = 0.756, p < 0.001). rQFR after vPCI and FFR after real PCI were 0.93 ± 0.06 and 0.86 ± 0.07 (R = 0.528, p < 0.001). The mean difference between rQFR and post‐PCI FFR was 0.068 (95% limit of agreement: −0.05 to 0.19). Diagnostic performance of rQFR to predict residual ischemia after PCI was good (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.856 [0.804−0.909], p < 0.001). rQFR predicted well the incidence of 2‐year VOCO after index PCI (AUC: 0.712 [0.555−0.869], p = 0.041), being similar to that of actual post‐PCI FFR (AUC: 0.691 [0.512−0.870], p = 0.061). rQFR ≤0.89 was associated with increased risk of 2‐year VOCO (hazard ratio [HR]: 12.9 [2.32−71.3], p = 0.0035). This difference was mainly driven by a higher rate of target vessel revascularization (HR: 16.98 [2.33−123.29], p = 0.0051).

Conclusions

rQFR estimated from pre‐PCI angiography and virtual coronary stenting mildly overestimated functional benefit of PCI. However, it well predicted suboptimal functional result and long‐term vessel‐related clinical events.

Clinical Trial Registration

Influence of fractional flow reserve on the Clinical OutcomEs of PERcutaneouS Coronary Intervention (COE‐PESPECTIVE) Registry, NCT01873560.
Separation of Tellurium from Metal Chalcogenides through Mild Anhydrous Chlorination
Authors: Uible Madeleine C. , Kieser Jerod M. , Bart Suzanne C.
Published: November 2022

The separation of tellurium from cadmium telluride is examined using a unique combination of mild, anhydrous chlorination and complexation of the subsequent tellurium tetrachloride with 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylcatecholate ligands (dtbc). The resulting tellurium complex, Te(dtbc)2, is isolated in moderate yield and features a 103to 104reduction in cadmium content, as provided by XRF and ICP‐MS analysis. Similar results were obtained from zinc telluride. A significant separation between Te, Se, and S was observed after treating a complex mixture of metal chalcogenides with this protocol. These three tunable steps can be applied for future applications of CdTe photovoltaic waste.
Observation and Characterization of the Hg‐O Diatomic Molecule: A Matrix‐Isolation and Quantum‐Chemical Investigation
Authors: Andrews Lester S. , Tsegaw Yetsedaw A. , Cho Han‐Gook , Riedel Sebastian
Published: November 2022

Mercuric oxide is a well‐known and stable solid, but the diatomic molecule Hg−O is very fragile and does not survive detection in the gas phase. However, laser ablation of Hg atoms from a dental amalgam alloy target into argon or neon containing about 0.3 % of 16O2 or of 18O2 during their condensation into a cryogenic matrix at 4 K allows the formation of O atoms which react on annealing to make ozone and new IR absorptions in solid argon at 521.2 cm−1 for Hg‐16O or at 496.4 cm−1 for Hg‐18O with the oxygen isotopic frequency ratio 521.2/496.4=1.0499. Solid neon gives a 529.0 cm−1 absorption with a small 7.8 cm−1 blue shift. CCSD(T) calculations found 594 cm−1 for Hg16O and 562 cm−1 for Hg18O (frequency ratio=1.0569). Such calculations usually produce harmonic frequencies that are slightly higher than the anharmonic (observed) values, which supports their relationship. These observed frequencies have the isotopic shift predicted for Hg−O and are within the range of recent high‐level frequency calculations for the Hg−O molecule. Spectra for the related mercury superoxide and ozonide species are also considered for the first time.
Direct Aroylation of Olefins through a Cobalt/Photoredox‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative and Dehydrogenative Coupling with α‐Oxo Acids
Authors: Davies Alex M. , D. Hernandez Rafael , Tunge Jon A.
Published: November 2022

A photoredox/cobalt dual catalytic procedure has been developed that allows benzoylation of olefins. Here the photoredox catalyst effects the decarboxylation of α‐ketoacids to form benzoyl radicals. After addition of this radical to styrenes, the cobalt catalyst abstracts a H‐atom. Hydrogen evolution from the putative cobalt hydride intermediate allows a Heck‐like aroylation without the need for a stoichiometric oxidant. Mechanistic studies reveal that electronically different styrenes lead to a curved Hammett plot, thus suggesting a change in product‐determining step in the catalytic mechanism.