bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOME EFFECTS OF SPRINKLER IRRIGATION ON FLUE-CURED TOBACCO
Authors: Walker E. K. , Vickery L. S.
Published: March 2010

Supplemental irrigation experiments were conducted to determine the effects of variable amounts of water on the yield, quality, maturity, chemical composition and physical characteristics of flue-cured tobacco.Irrigation improved the yield, quality and maturity for four consecutive years, although by a comparatively small amount in one year because of favourable distribution of rainfall. Neither the yield nor the quality was improved by applications of water in excess of optimum amounts. Tobacco irrigated according to time intervals or stages of growth received either too much or too little water. Thornthwaite evapotranspiration estimates and resistance blocks for determining soil moisture were found to be suitable methods for scheduling irrigation.Leaves from irrigated plots contained less total nitrogen, total alkaloids, and petroleum ether extract but more total sugars, potassium, and chlorine than leaves from unirrigated plots. The phosphorus content of the leaf was unaffected by irrigation. Irrigation had little effect on the leaf thickness, length of burn, filling power, and strip yield.
EFFECTS OF GIBBERELLIN ON FORAGE YIELDS OF SIX GRASS AND LEGUME SPECIES
Authors: Finn B. J. , Nielsen K. F.
Published: March 2010

Foliage of three grasses and three legumes, grown in a greenhouse, was treated with gibberellin solution and yield response evaluated. In general, the first cut yields of these grass and legume species were increased by gibberellin. With legumes the maximum yields were obtained at the highest rate of application. Maximum yields of grasses were obtained with rates less than the highest. Generally speaking there were reductions in second-cut yields of the grasses and legumes tested with higher rates of gibberellin. Treatment of the foliage with gibberellin decreased root weights m every case.There were significant negative correlations between total top and root weights of all species, except two in which there were no correlations. The per cent protein of all grass and legume species was decreased with gibberellin treatments. However, because of increased dry matter, highest yields of protein were generally obtained with treatments producing highest dry matter yields. The per cent ground cover of the species treated decreased progressively with increased rates of gibberellin.
VARIATION IN WEIGHT, VOLUME AND DIAMETER OF SOUR CHERRY FRUITS FROM INDIVIDUAL TREES
Authors: Davidson T. R. , George J. A.
Published: March 2010

A sampling procedure is proposed from a study of the variation in weight, volume and diameter of sour cherry fruits determined from samples picked from various parts of the tree. Analysis of variance showed that these values varied significantly according to the level within the crown from which the samples were picked. The quarter of the tree sampled may or may not have a significant effect. Fruit weight and volume are both highly correlated with diameter, and either value may be used to estimate fruit size.
NOTE ON THE RESPONSE OF SEVERAL VEGETABLES TO "ANTHRAXYLATE" SOIL TREATMENTS
Authors: MACKAY D. C. , EAVES C. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON A FUME CABINET FOR USE WHEN TREATING CEREAL SEEDS WITH POISONOUS CHEMICALS
Authors: Guitard A. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
MATURATION OF McINTOSH APPLES IN RELATION TO STARCH LOSS AND ABSCISSION
Authors: Poapst P. A. , Ward G. M. , Phillips W. R.
Published: March 2010

A field test, which utilizes a sequence of starch-iodine patterns for estimating picking time in McIntosh, was related to the starch content of that fruit. Further, it was observed that starch content and abscission appeared to be associated and that this association varied with the seasonal temperature.
THE ROLE OF FERTILIZER AND 2,4-D IN THE CONTROL OF PASTURE WEEDS
Authors: Hay J. R. , Ouellette G. J.
Published: March 2010

A study was made of: 1) the response of some pasture weeds of Eastern Canada when fertilizers were applied; 2) the productivity of pastures sprayed with 2,4-D, and 3) the over-all response when both fertilizer and 2,4-D were applied. Populations of orange, yellow and mouse-ear hawkweeds, ox-eye daisy, chicory, bugleweed, strawberry and wild carrot were decreased when nutrients were added but the numbers of dandelion, Canada thistle, tall buttercup, shore horsetail and yarrow were unchanged. Fertilizer not only improved the quantity but also the quality of the forage by reducing the weed content. Yield of total vegetation was not increased when weeds were controlled by 2,4-D but the forage consisted almost exclusively of desirable grasses. Best results from the standpoint of both yield and absence of weeds were obtained when fertilizer treatment was supplemented by applications of 2,4-D.
INVESTIGATIONS ON CURING BURLEY TOBACCO WITH ARTIFICIAL AIDS
Authors: Scott W. A.
Published: March 2010

Two methods of providing supplementary aid to natural curing of cigarette burley tobacco were investigated through five consecutive curing seasons. In one method temperature and humidity controlled heaters were used, and in the other a specially constructed calcium chloride dehydrator. Both methods were compared concurrently with natural air curing in respective pilot barns of three-quarter acre capacity. A similar comparison of curing was made in heated and unhealed 3-acre capacity barns through two curing seasons.Supplementary heating produced the best results (improved quality, increased yields) but was ineffective during exceptionally cool weather.
THE INHERITANCE OF RUST RESISTANCE: V. THE INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO RACE 15B OF STEM RUST IN TEN VARIETIES OF DURUM WHEAT
Authors: Kenaschuk E. O. , Anderson R. G. , Knott D. R.
Published: March 2010

The inheritance of resistance to race 15B of stem rust was studied in the varieties St. 464, C.I. 7805, Amarai bianco tipo 142 (P.I. 192179), Arabian, Camadi Abdu tipo 103, Rojal de Almeria (P.I. 191194), C.I. 7870, C.I. 7875, C.I. 8133 and Golden Ball. Rust tests were conducted on F2 plants from diallel crosses and on F2 families from back-crosses to the susceptible varieties, Stewart and Nugget. The following genes are present in the varieties:1. Srd2 conditioning a type 1-X reaction and present in St. 464, C.I. 7805, P.I. 192179, C.I. 7870, C.I. 7875 and C.I. 8133.2. Srd4 conditioning a type 2–2+ reaction and present in Arabian, P.I. 191194 and Golden Ball.3. Srd5 conditioning a type 2 reaction and present in the same varieties as Srd2, plus Arabian.4. Srd6 conditioning a type 1−–1 reaction in Camadi.Two of the genes, Srd2 and Srd5, are additive in effect and together condition a type O; to 1− reaction.
INHERITANCE OF SHADES OF BRONZE AND PINK FLOWERS OF ANTIRRHINUM MAJUS
Authors: Sampson D. R. , Hunter A. W. S.
Published: March 2010

The influence of three genes, Inc, Pal and Dil, on the intensity of anthocyanin pigmentation in bronze and pink flowers of Antirrhinum majus was investigated. Formation of anthocyanin requires the presence of one allele each of Inc and Pal. Flowers of both palrec palrec and paltub paltub plants are acyanic (with eos eos) like those of inc inc plants. Inc and Pal are incompletely dominant. Dil is a dominant intensifier. The dosage effects of the three genes are additive, resulting in four shades of bronze and pink. The effect of one Inc allele in increasing pigmentation intensity approximates that of one Pal allele or that of one or two Dil alleles.Genetic evidence on gene synonymy shows that the p of Geissman and co-workers, Haney's iv and the authors' inc are identical. The allelic genes S and d of Wheldale are members of the Pal series and are not equivalent to the p of Geissman and co-workers.Flower colour genotypes of 13 commercial varieties of snapdragons are reported.
CONTROL OF THE EASTERN FIELD WIREWORM, LIMONIUS AGONUS (SAY), IN EARLY POTATOES IN ONTARIO BY APPLICATION OF INSECTICIDES TO THE SOIL
Authors: Begg J. A.
Published: March 2010

When applied as water suspensions at 5.0 lb. per acre for control of a very heavy population of the eastern field wireworm, dieldrin2, heptachlor, and aldrin prevented re-infestation for at least 3 years after application, and chlordane for 2 years. Only dieldrin and heptachlor gave 95 per cent, or more, marketable potatoes in the year of application. BHC containing 12, 90, and 99 per cent gamma isomer at 0.75 lb. of the gamma isomer, parathion at 5.0 lb., and DDT at 10.0 lb. per acre gave inadequate protection, or were effective for only 1 to 2 years. Against a moderate infestation of wireworms, all treatments except BHC containing 90 per cent gamma isomer and DDT protected the potatoes satisfactorily in the year of application. BHC tainted tubers up to 2 years after the insecticide was applied. Adequate protection was generally provided when the wireworm infestation averaged no more than 1 larva per bait. The insecticides were applied once in plots in one of three adjoining ranges in 1951, 1952, and 1953, respectively. Potatoes were grown in the treated ranges until 1954. The treatments were evaluated on the basis of tuber quality, and numbers of wireworms taken in whole-wheat flour baits.
THE USE OF CHEMICALS TO SUPPRESS SUCKER GROWTH ON CIGAR TOBACCO
Authors: McEvoy E. T. , Hoffman I.
Published: March 2010

Studies on the chemical control of sucker growth on cigar tobacco showed that a mineral oil-water emulsion applied to the stub of the broken stem after the plant was decapitated and diethanolamine salt of maleic hydrazide sprayed on the leaves suppressed sucker growth significantly and increased the yield of the cured crop. Each chemical treatment resulted in a decrease in the percentage content of total alkaloids, nicotine, calcium, and total ash in the cured leaf but had no apparent influence on the content of total nitrogen, nornicotine, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and chlorine.
A PORTABLE CHOPPER FOR FORAGE SAMPLES
Authors: GIRARD J.-MARC
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON BORON TOXICITY IN OATS
Authors: Langille W. M. , Mahoney J. F.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON THE COMPARATIVE ACTIVITY OF MONOSPOROUS AND MYCELIAL ISOLATES OF OPHIOBOLUS GRAMINIS SACC. FROM THE SAME SOURCE AS WHEAT PATHOGENS IN NATURAL AND STERILIZED SOIL
Authors: HENRY A. W. , McKENZIE A. ROY
Published: March 2010

not available
NEAR-WILT OF PEAS IN ONTARIO
Authors: MacNeill Blair H. , Howard Helen
Published: March 2010

It has been found that the near-wilt disease of peas, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. pisi race 2 (Linford) Snyder & Hansen, is now present in the canning districts of Ontario. Conclusions as to the identity of the fungus associated with the wilting condition in field plants have been based upon a study of the differential disease-response of the pea varieties Little Marvel, W.R. Perfection and New Era, the histology of infection in the susceptible pea host, and the characteristics of the fungus when in culture. The capacity of the fungus to establish a symptomless host-parasite relationship with certain legumes not normally regarded as susceptible to the near-wilt pathogen has been demonstrated. The possible role of such "non-susceptible hosts" in perpetuating the fungus between pea crops has been discussed.
NOTE ON AN ELECTROLYTIC PROCEDURE FOR DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN FROST INJURY OF ROOTS AND SHOOTS IN WOODY PLANTS
Authors: WILNER J.
Published: March 2010

not available
MANAGEMENT OF MEDIUM RED CLOVER FOR SEED AND HAY PRODUCTION
Authors: Winch J. E. , Tossell W. E.
Published: March 2010

Higher seed yields of Redon red clover were produced from the aftermath following an early hay crop than from the first crop itself. Red clover-timothy mixtures produced more hay in June and more seed from the aftermath than did pure stands of red clover or red clover-bromegrass mixtures. Seeding rates of 3, 6, 9 and 12 lb. per acre had no effect on red clover seed yield but did affect hay yield. With 2 lb. of timothy, no increase in hay yield was obtained with red clover seeding rates above 6 lb. per acre.Red clover alone produced more seed per acre than red clover-timothy or red clover-brome mixtures when seed was harvested from the first crop. First-crop seed was higher in seed weight than second-crop seed and this was reflected in increased early seedling vigour.
EFFECTS OF GIBBERELLIN TREATMENTS ON GERMINATION OF VARIOUS SPECIES OF WEED SEEDS
Authors: Corns Wm. G.
Published: March 2010

Nineteen species of weed seeds collected near Edmonton during 1957 and/or 1958 were tested periodically for their germination percentage with or without treatments with gibberellin. Most of the untreated samples were completely dormant under conditions of the test at harvest time and the majority of the dormant species remained so during a storage period of 6 months at 3 °C. ± 0.5°. Gibberellin treatments of up to 500 p.p.m. in the medium, or of up to 2,000 p.p.m. as a 24-hour pre-soaking treatment, were without appreciable effect on most of the dormant species. The chemical had a significant effect in overcoming dormancy of some, but not all, samples of wild oats. Dormant seeds of wild mustard and stinkweed were very sensitive to gibberellin treatments, while hemp nettle and blue bur showed a smaller response. Differences in results between different lots of certain species emphasize the variable complexity of conditions which at a given time may or may not be responsive to gibberellin in initiating or accelerating the process of germination.
A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE AMOUNT OF BLOOM AND YIELD OF APPLES
Authors: Longley R. P.
Published: March 2010

The fruit yield of apple trees per unit area of trunk cross-section is shown to be very closely related to the author's estimate of the amount of bloom. Trees with maximum bloom score produced 46.48 kilograms of fruit per 100 square cm. of trunk cross-section, and lower percentages of bloom showed a linear relationship between the amount of bloom and yield of fruit.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE COLOUR OF POTATO CHIPS
Authors: Townsend L. R. , Hope G. W.
Published: March 2010

Experiments using model systems and potato juices treated with ion exchange resins showed that the fundamental browning which occurred during chipping was due to the reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars. Browning also occurred in the presence of amino acids and hydrolyzed sucrose. Evidence is presented to show that conditions favouring hydrolysis do prevail during chipping but the extent to which it occurs, and the consequent browning, are dependent on the degree of acidity present during frying.Studies revealed that the initial presence of reducing sugars was not a requirement for the browning reaction, provided sucrose was present and conditions were favourable for its hydrolysis.Inorganic constituents, per se, were found to have little colour-enhancing effect. However, their importance, particularly that of phosphate, would seem to be in the promotion of sucrose hydrolysis.
THE USE OF CEREAL GRAINS AS COMPANION CROPS IN DRYLAND FORAGE CROP ESTABLISHMENT
Authors: Kilcher M. R. , Heinrichs D. H.
Published: March 2010

The effect of wheat, oats, barley, and spring rye as companion crops on the establishment of a perennial forage crop mixture consisting of crested wheatgrass, brome, and alfalfa under arid conditions compared to no companion crop was studied at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Cereal companion crops reduced the vigour, stand, and subsequent early forage yields of the grass-alfalfa mixtures, but less so if the cereal crop and the forage crop were seeded separately at right-angles to one another. The method of harvesting the cereal companion crop also influenced the performance of the subsequent forage crop. Cutting the cereal crops at a height of 8 inches or more for grain resulted in better grass-alfalfa stands and yields than was obtained when the cereal crops were mowed at a 2-inch height for hay. The effect of kind of cereal grain on performance of the perennial forage differed little. Wider row spacings for the cross-seeded companion crops also resulted in a better stand and yield of the grass-alfalfa crop.
LA TRANSMISSION PAR LES INSECTES DE CORNYBACTERIUM SEPEDONICUM (SPIECK. & KOTT.) SKAPTASON ET BURKHOLDER
Authors: Duncan Joseph , Généreux Henri
Published: March 2010

not available
MERCURY RESIDUES ON APPLE FRUIT AND FOLIAGE
Authors: Ross R. G. , Stewart D. K. R.
Published: March 2010

The disappearance of mercury from apple foliage and fruit sprayed with organo-mercury fungicides was investigated.Most of the initial foliage deposit soon became water insoluble and spore germination tests on the surface of leaves demonstrated a rapid decline in fungitoxicity. The total amount of mercury on the foliage decreased rapidly in the first 2 weeks after spraying and more gradually in the succeeding 2 months.The application of pre-cover sprays resulted in negligible fruit residues. The average harvest residue of fruit receiving an early cover spray was 0.05 p.p.m., of which the peel, pulp and seeds contained about 41, 57 and 2 per cent, respectively. There were no significant differences between residues in fruit sprayed on different dates.
THE DRY MATTER DIGESTION IN VITRO OF FORAGE CROPS
Authors: Clark K. W. , Mott G. O.
Published: March 2010

An artificial rumen technique was evaluated as a method of determining the dry matter digestion of forages. The digestibility estimates obtained in the spring were significantly correlated (r = 0.77xx) with estimates obtained on these forages from a conventional digestion trial, whereas in the fall the coefficients were low and no longer significantly correlated (r = 0.49) with the conventional trial data.A medium maturing timothy polycross nursery was harvested at 10-day intervals throughout the first growth cycle. With the exception of the April 14th stage there were no significant differences in digestibility between the clones harvested in the early-leaf stage. Significant differences between selections were obtained in digestibility at later stages of maturity which may be a function of the leaf-stem ratio, the amount of leaf firing and thickness of the culms as well as changes in chemical composition. The per cent fructose content of this timothy herbage was significantly correlated (r = 0.78xx) with the dry matter digestibility only at the first stage of cutting.Changes in dry matter digestion using this artificial rumen technique were observed, with digestion estimates being higher during the spring and summer than during fall and winter.The method of drying herbage for these in vitro digestion experiments was studied with the conclusion that there was a significant difference in favour of freeze-drying. The dry matter digestion coefficients of the freeze-dried herbage were comparable to those expected for herbage of such quality digested in vivo.The use of an artificial rumen technique for estimating digestibility of clonal material shows promise for the plant breeder, providing certain precautions are taken. All lines to be screened should be included in a single trial to ensure maximum control of variables associated with technique. Samples should be uniformly processed, preferably freeze-dried, and digested with a single sample of rumen fluid.
INFECTION OF WHEAT WITH HELMINTHOSPORUIM SATIVUM IN RELATION TO THE NITROGEN CONTENT OF THE PLANT TISSUES
Authors: Simmonds P. M.
Published: March 2010

A modified detached leaf method was used in studying infection reactions in wheat inoculated with Helminthosporium sativum. The invasion and colonization of one-half of a leaf produced variable degrees of chlorosis in the uninvaded half. Nitrogen was retained and accumulated in the colonized portion of the leaf which also retained its green colour. Leaching readily removed nitrogen from the affected tissues. Inoculation of the culms resulted in increased production of low nitrogen kernels. The influence of H. sativum colonization in relation to nitrogen nutrition and rootrot injury is discussed.
FERTILIZERS AND THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF WHEAT GROWN ON A SULPHUR-DEFICIENT GREY WOODED SOIL
Authors: Bentley C. F. , Carson J. A. , Bowland J. P.
Published: March 2010

Rate of gain, efficiency of food utilization, and nitrogen retention by weanling rats were used as criteria to determine the nutritive value of wheat grown on a sulphur-deficient Grey Wooded soil. All diets were supplemented with minerals, vitamins, and lysine. Grain from an area continuously cropped to wheat-fallow and from an area cropped to a 5-year grain-legume rotation were compared. On Breton loam, a Grey Wooded soil, grain is highly responsive to fertilization with nitrogen; and legumes are very highly responsive to sulphur fertilization. Samples were fed from plots receiving the same fertilizer treatments in each cropping system. Fertilizer treatments and cropping systems both caused occasional significant differences, and were associated with some consistent trends for differences, in nutritive value of wheat. In general, the grain was of substantially superior nutritive value when grown following legumes; in one year these differences tended to be greater with fertilizer treatments which increased yields. During the same year fertilization with manure tended to improve the nutritive value of fallow wheat. The animal growth and food efficiency were closely related to the protein content of the foods. There were differences between results obtained in 2 successive years. While the differences may have been due to the effect of seasons or to the biennial application of fertilizers they appeared to be closely related to protein content of the grain, a characteristic which long-time data have shown to be highly variable in grain from the Breton plots.
CONTROL OF THE ONION MAGGOT, HYLEMYA ANTIQUA (MEIG.) (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE), WITH INSECTICIDES IN ORGANIC SOILS OF SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC
Authors: Perron J. P. , Lafrance J.
Published: March 2010

In organic soils of southwestern Quebec from 1955 to 1958, dieldrin heptachlor and endrin wettable powders mixed at the rate of 1 ounce of toxicant per pound of onion seed applied for the control of the onion maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meig.) were highly effective. The heptachlor treatment appeared to stimulate plant growth. Toxaphene as seed treatment was poor, while di-syston also as seed treatment was effective but reduced germination by one-third. A soil surface treatment with chlordane dust at 4.5 pounds of toxicant per acre gave also a fair control where seed had not been treated. Combinations of dieldrin or DDT seed treatments with chlordane or aldrin soil surface treatments when plants averaged 2 inches high were not more effective than a seed treatment alone.
SOIL INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF THE TUBER FLEA BEETLE, EPITRIX TUBERIS (GENT.), IN THE INTERIOR OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Banham F. L.
Published: March 2010

In the interior of British Columbia, single treatments of aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin or heptachlor applied before or soon after planting at 4.0, 7.5, 1.5 and 3.0 pounds of toxicant per acre, respectively, and immediately incorporated into the soil by disking or harrowing were highly effective against the tuber flea beetle. These soil treatments were more reliable, economical and convenient for controlling this pest than were the numerous DDT foliage treatments.
SPRINKLER IRRIGATION AS A MEANS OF APPLYING SOIL INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROLLING THE TUBER FLEA BEETLE, EPITRIX TUBERIS (GENT.), IN THE INTERIOR OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Banham F. L.
Published: March 2010

Dieldrin emulsifiable concentrate, applied through sprinkler irrigation systems at the rate of 2 or 2.5 pounds of toxicant per acre and incorporated into the soil by disking or harrowing, effectively reduced tuber flea beetle damage in the interior of British Columbia. Similar treatments of aldrin emulsifiable concentrate applied at the rate of 4 pounds of toxicant per acre were much less effective. Colorimetric and bioassay analyses indicated that mechanical incorporation was necessary because no appreciable amount of toxicant penetrated below the top inch of soil even when a large amount of irrigation water was applied.
INSECTICIDE ROW TREATMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF WIREWORMS IN POTATOES
Authors: Burrage R. H.
Published: March 2010

In field plots, where about 20 per cent of the potato tubers were damaged by wireworms in untreated plots, not more than 5 per cent were damaged after band treatments with aldrin or heptachlor dusts, granules, or impregnated fertilizers, applied at 1 or 3 lb. of toxicant per acre during planting. At least 15 per cent of the tubers were damaged after band treatments with chlordane dust at the same rates. Damage after treatments with aldrin or heptachlor dusts applied in the open furrow by hand immediately before planting was similar to that after band treatments at the same rates. Where about 40 per cent of the tubers were damaged in untreated plots, 9 and 15 per cent of the tubers were damaged after band treatments with granular aldrin and heptachlor respectively, each at 3 lb. per acre; 23 and 28 per cent of the tubers were damaged after band treatments with the same insecticides at 1 lb. per acre. Thus, the treatments reduced damage enough to bring the potato crop to top table stock grade, without culling, only where potential damage was light. None of the treatments reduced wireworm numbers more than 75 per cent. None of the treatments increased the yield of tubers. Furrow treatments with aldrin and heptachlor dusts reduced yield in one of two tests, presumably because of phytotoxicity.
NOTE ON "FRONTIER" REED CANARY GRASS (Phalaris arundinacea L.)
Authors: MACVICAR R. M.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON CLIMATIC TRENDS IN THE LOWER PEACE RIVER REGION OF NORTHERN ALBERTA
Authors: EDMONDS T. C. , ANDERSON C. H.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON A PLOT IRRIGATOR
Authors: WALKOF CHAS.
Published: March 2010

not available
EARLY SEEDLING VIGOUR AND SEED WEIGHT IN RELATION TO BREEDING IN SMOOTH BROMEGRASS, BROMUS INERMIS LEYSS.
Authors: Tossell W. E.
Published: March 2010

Variability in early seedling vigour was studied in polycross progenies from highly selected plants rated as good in other agronomic characters and in open-pollinated progenies from previously unselected So plants. Differences were found in both groups in rate and per cent emergence, and in height and vigour at 28 days. Considering the variability observed in these characters and the favourable associations found, it appears that early seedling vigour in bromegrass can be improved by selection within the species.Seed weight was closely associated with early seedling vigour. Plants differed widely in seed weight, and in breeding for early seedling vigour it appears that most rapid progress can be made by screening breeding material for seed weight. Because seed weight did not account for all of the differences among progenies in seedling vigour, progenies from high seed weight plants or families should be subjected to a seedling vigour test to further select for this character. The close relationship found between greenhouse and field trials indicates that at least the initial screening can be done in the greenhouse.
DIFFERENCES IN INTENSITY OF UNRIPE FRUIT COLOUR IN THE TOMATO
Authors: Kemp G. A. , Nonnecke I. L.
Published: March 2010

Differences in the intensity and pattern of the mature-green fruit colour of five tomato varieties and their hybrids were evaluated visually and with a colour reflectant-meter (Photovolt). The differences were greater than could be explained on the basis of the two known non-allelic genes u and ug. The results suggest the existence of either an allele for u or ug or, more likely, a third gene that influences the intensity of green fruit colour in the tomato.
EFFECTS OF CUTTING TREATMENTS ON LADINO CLOVER GROWN ALONE AND IN MIXTURE WITH GRASSES: I. PRODUCTIVITY AND BOTANICAL COMPOSITION OF FORAGE
Authors: Gervais Paul
Published: March 2010

Ladino clover, grown alone and in mixture with timothy and smooth bromegrass, was cut two, four and six times per season to a height of [Formula: see text] and 3 inches. Forage yields were collected in 1955 and 1956 from a seeding made in 1954 at the Experimental Farm, Lennoxville, Quebec.Ladino clover yielded more clover when grown alone than when associated with a grass. The mixtures did not differ in clover yields. In the grass fraction, timothy outyielded bromegrass in 1955 only. Mixtures produced more total forage than Ladino clover alone. Cutting to [Formula: see text] inches gave higher fraction and total yields during both years than cutting to 3 inches, except in the grass fraction in 1956. The mixtures yielded more clover but much less grass and total production when cut four times than when cut twice. The lowest yields occurred with six cuttings. With Ladino clover alone, increased frequency of cutting depressed yields. The mixed swards contained the most clover when cut four times to [Formula: see text] inches and the least when cut twice to 3 inches.
INHERITANCE OF REACTION TO SEVERAL RACES OF CROWN RUST, PUCCINIA CORONATA AVENAE ERIKSS., IN TWO CROSSES INVOLVING UKRAINE OATS
Authors: Sanderson K. E.
Published: March 2010

The oat variety Ukraine is resistant to a large number of crown rust races, including race 263, a race which is pathogenic on almost all commercial oat varieties in North America. Random F3 lines from the crosses Fortune × Ukraine and Garry × Ukraine were tested for their reaction to races 213 and 263 of crown rust, and lines selected from these were tested for reactions to other races. The tests indicated that a single dominant gene in Ukraine governed resistance to races 213, 202, 202A, 209, 212A, 235, 236, 239, 239B, and 240, and that another dominant gene in Ukraine governed resistance to race 263. Tests with lines from one family of the Garry × Ukraine cross showed that the reactions of Garry to races 229, 235, and 240 are associated in inheritance, and tests with lines from a second family showed that the reactions to races 209, 236, and 239 are also associated in inheritance. The data also indicate that one or more genes in Garry govern resistance to these races, but whether or not the same gene or genes govern resistance to both groups of races was not determined. The Ukraine and Garry rust reactions were shown to be inherited independently of one another, with the gene for the higher type of resistance epistatic to the gene for the lower type in all cases.A number of F3 lines were isolated which combined the field resistance of Ukraine and Garry, respectively, to crown rust, including race 263, with the field resistance to stem rust of Garry. These lines may prove very useful in a plant breeding program.
REACTION OF OATS ENDOWED WITH THE "CANADIAN" FACTORS FOR RESISTANCE TO PHYSIOLOGIC RACE 6 OF OAT STEM RUST IN ISRAEL
Authors: Wahl I.
Published: March 2010

Seedling tests and field observations conducted during 1951–59 in various regions of Israel, under diverse environmental conditions, have attested to the extremely high resistance of oat varieties possessing the so-called "Canadian" genes to the most prevalent and widespread race 6 of oat stem rust. Seedlings of these varieties inoculated with race 6 become susceptible to this parasite when exposed to 29 °C. for all or an appreciable part of the incubation period. Subjecting of these seedlings to 29 °C. prior to inoculation does not affect their resistance.
ECONOMIC LOSSES CAUSED BY WEED COMPETITION IN MANITOBA GRAIN FIELDS. I. WEED SPECIES, THEIR RELATIVE ABUNDANCE AND THEIR EFFECT ON CROP YIELDS
Authors: Friesen G. , Shebeski L. H.
Published: March 2010

Economic losses caused by weed competition in Manitoba grain crops were studied on 142 farm fields during a 3-year period, 1956 to 1958 inclusive. Fields were located at intervals of 6 miles along main roads and were all within a 60-mile radius of Winnipeg. Immediately after seeding, ten paired plots, each 4 feet square, were staked in each field. One member of each pair of plots was kept free of weeds by hand pulling at weekly intervals. The species of weeds present and the relative numbers were recorded. As the crops reached maturity a square-yard sample from each plot was harvested for yield determinations.Twenty-eight species of weeds were found growing in the fields. Weed counts ranged from 0 in the cleanest field to 2,143 weeds per square yard in the weediest field, with an over-all recorded average of 224 weeds per square yard. Reductions in crop yields due to weed competition in individual fields ranged from no apparent decrease to 61.5 per cent. The average reduction in crop yields for all fields over the 3-year period was 15.25 per cent. This represents an average annual loss in Manitoba of 28,657,070 bushels of grain, valued at approximately $32,379,537.
QUALITY OF INTERMEDIATE WHEATGRASS SEED, WITH AND WITHOUT HULLS
Authors: Kilcher M. R. , Lawrence T.
Published: March 2010

A study was conducted on the seed of two lines of Agropyron intermedium (Host.) Beau v. relating the presence or absence of hulls and age of seed to germination, and the influence of seeding depth upon emergence.Germinability of hulless seed was significantly lower than that or hull-covered seed, and this difference increased only slightly with increased age of seed. In general, the older the seed the greater was the differential between the seedling emergence of the two types of seed.Depth of seeding results showed that seedling emergence from hull-covered seed was far greater than the emergence from hulless seed at all depths tested. Seedling emergence differences between hulless and hull-covered seed were much greater than germination differences between the two. The possible advantages of selection towards a more tenacious hull are indicated.
INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO WINTER INJURY AND ITS CORRELATION WITH CREEPING ROOTEDNESS IN ALFALFA
Authors: Heinrichs D. H. , Morley F. H. W.
Published: March 2010

An analysis of scores for winter hardiness in a population of plants of alfalfa, derived from Medicago falcata L. x M. media Pers., indicated that most of the genotypic variation was non-additive. The genotypic correlation between winter hardiness and creeping root was found to be 0.38, increased winter hardiness being associated with increased creeping rootedness.
RATE OF SEEDING AND ROW SPACING OF AN OAT COMPANION CROP IN RELATION TO FORAGE SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT
Authors: Tossell W. E. , Fulkerson R. S.
Published: March 2010

Nine rates of seeding and two row spacings of an oat companion crop were studied in relation to seedling establishment in hay-pasture mixtures at Guelph. Variations in these managements had pronounced effects on establishment in 2 of the 4 years during which the studies were conducted.Species responded differently to the managements with red clover and timothy most sensitive, alfalfa and orchard intermediate, and brome grass least sensitive as assessed by the number of plants established. Satisfactory stands were obtained under an oat companion crop in 7-inch drills. Reduction of the oat seeding rate from the commonly used rate in Ontario of [Formula: see text] bushels per acre to [Formula: see text] bushels did not reduce oat yields in any of the 3 years in which oat yield data were collected. This seeding rate reduction allowed the establishment of more alfalfa plants with increased seedling vigour and so provides more assurance for stand establishment. Increasing the oat row spacing from 7 inches to 14 inches for the [Formula: see text]-bushel oat rate reduced oat yields 14.3 per cent but improved alfalfa stands slightly and increased the vigour of most species. This management might be useful on problem sites and in special situations where high levels of plant population are desired.
THE GROWTH, NICOTINE AND PHOSPHORUS CONTENT OF TOBACCO GROWN AT DIFFERENT SOIL TEMPERATURE, MOISTURE AND PHOSPHORUS LEVELS
Authors: Parups E. V. , Nielsen K. F. , Bourget S. J.
Published: March 2010

Growth, nicotine and phosphorus content of tobacco, as influenced by soil temperature, soil moisture and soil phosphorus levels, were investigated by growing the flue-cured variety Hicks in a combination of three soil temperature, four soil moisture, and three soil phosphorus treatments.Soil temperature of 22 °C. and soil moisture of 75 per cent of available moisture appeared to be the best for the over-all growth of tobacco. The over-all growth was a little lower at the 30 °C. soil temperature than at the 22 °C. temperature while at the 14 °C temperature it was very poor. Nicotine and phosphorus content in leaf tissue decreased with decreasing soil temperature. A decrease in soil moisture decreased the growth but increased the nicotine content of tobacco. Phosphorus content was influenced little by soil moisture treatments. Low soil moisture treatments were more detrimental to growth of tobacco at the low soil temperature than at the higher ones. Phosphorus produced growth responses at the low soil temperature only. Nicotine content was not influenced by soil phosphorus treatments. Phosphorus applications increased the leaf phosphorus content. At the 14 °C. soil temperature there was an increase in leaf and stalk weight and leaf area with added phosphorus while at the 22° and 30 °C. increases with soil temperature were very small. Stalk weights increased with increasing phosphorus applications at the higher but not at the lower soil moisture levels. The growth was decreased more at the soil temperature of 14 °C. and soil moisture treatments of 25, and near 0 per cent of available moisture than at the soil temperature of 22° and 30 °C. At the low soil moisture phosphorus applications decreased root growth while at the higher soil moisture treatments this phosphorus effect was reversed.
A STRAIN OF THE EUROPEAN RED MITE, PANONYCHUS ULMI (KOCH) (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE), RESISTANT TO OVEX IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO
Authors: Foott W. H.
Published: March 2010

A strain of the European red mite resistant to ovex was indicated after the chemical had been used 7 years against the mite on apple. In the laboratory, hatchability of ovex-treated eggs of mites taken from the ovex-sprayed trees was significantly higher at the 1 per cent level than that of similarly treated eggs of mites taken from trees that had never been sprayed with ovex. Decreases in percentage hatch associated with increases in concentration of ovex were not sufficient to warrant attempts to control the resistant strain by increasing the rate of the chemical.
SOME EFFECTS OF FERTILIZATION ON THE YIELD, BOTANICAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF IRRIGATED GRASS AND GRASS-CLOVER PASTURE SWARDS
Authors: Gardner E. H. , Jackson T. L. , Webster G. R. , Turley R. H.
Published: March 2010

In an irrigated pasture experiment on Vancouver Island, on a soil deficient in available nitrogen and potassium but apparently containing sufficient available phosphorus, calcium and magnesium for adequate plant growth, an irrigated Ladino clover-grass mixture greatly outproduced a grass mixture on a forage, protein and mineral nutrient yield basis. In order to attain even a moderate yield with a grass mixture, heavy fertilization with nitrogen and potassium was necessary. Nitrogen fertilization was not essential to high yields with the Ladino clover-grass mixture. Nitrogen fertilization tended to decrease the per cent Ladino clover and the protein and calcium content in the clover-grass forage and increased the protein content of the grass herbage. The calcium content of the grass herbage was decreased by nitrogen fertilization. The phosphorus and magnesium contents of the clover-grass and grass herbage were not appreciably altered by nitrogen fertilization. Decreasing the time interval between nitrogen applications resulted in a more even production of dry matter over the growing season but did not increase the total seasonal yield. Potassium fertilization increased the yield of both mixtures and increased the per cent clover in the grass-clover sward. Multi-annual potassium applications were required for the elimination of plant potassium deficiency symptoms and the applied potassium was quickly absorbed by the plants. Grass herbage contained more potassium, slightly more phosphorus and less calcium, magnesium and nitrogen than grass-clover herbage.
NOTE ON TWO ELECTROLYTIC METHODS FOR DETERMINING FROST HARDINESS OF FRUIT TREES
Authors: Wilner J. , Kalbfleisch W. , Mason W. J.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON A METHOD OF MEASURING AWN BRITTLENESS IN BARLEY
Authors: Chiasson T. C.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON THE INHERITANCE OF DS; A GENE GOVERNING MEIOTIC CHROMOSOME BEHAVIOUR IN BARLEY
Authors: Enns H. , Larter E. N.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON A VIRUS DISEASE OF THE CABBAGE LOOPER IN THE OTTAWA VALLEY
Authors: Harcourt D. G.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INSECTICIDES APPLIED TO MINERAL SOILS OF VARIOUS LEVELS OF ACIDITY, WITH AND WITHOUT LIME APPLICATIONS AT TIME OF SEEDING IN CONTROLLING ROOT MAGGOTS ATTACKING RUTABAGAS
Authors: Read D. C. , Lelacheur K. E.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON RESISTANCE TO DDT IN THE CODLING MOTH, CARPOCAPSA POMONELLA (L.), IN ONTARIO
Authors: Fisher R. W.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON THE EFFECT OF PUMP PRESSURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CONCENTRATE ORCHARD SPRAYERS
Authors: McMechan A. D. , Williams K.
Published: March 2010

not available
MEASUREMENT OF CHIPPING QUALITIES IN MANITOBA-GROWN POTATOES
Authors: Hyde R. B. , Shewfelt A. L.
Published: March 2010

Of ten varieties of potatoes from three major producing areas of Manitoba, Cherokee, Irish Cobbler, Norland and Netted Gem each produced high quality chips in at least one area. Variations in chipping qualities occurred between localities. Reducing sugar and specific gravity were reliable indexes of chip quality. A simplified method for measuring chip colour is outlined.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SEED SIZE AND THE INCIDENCE OF LOOSE SMUT IN BARLEY
Authors: McFadden A. D. , Kaufmann M. L. , Russell R. C. , Tyner L. E.
Published: March 2010

That small and medium sized seeds carry more loose smut (Ustilago nuda) (Jens.) Rostr. than large seeds in composite samples of barley was confirmed. The use of large seeds only for seeding purposes would be a practical means of reducing losses from loose smut. It is suggested that seed stocks to be used in breeding and testing procedures should each have the same proportions of small seeds removed to guard against misleading results.
RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE ELECTROLYTIC CONDUCTANCE TESTS FOR FROST HARDINESS OF APPLE VARIETIES
Authors: Wilner J.
Published: March 2010

A laboratory method for testing frost hardiness of apple trees is described. Results demonstrated that diffused electrolytes from pre-hardened twigs provided a reliable means of testing their hardiness. There was a definite association between increased diffusion of electrolytes from hardened tissues and increased injury of twigs. This association was found useful in establishing both the relative degrees of hardiness of three named varieties of apples, Antonovka, McIntosh and Northern Spy, and the absolute values for the ultimate frost resistance of their tissues. Thus, although the total conductance of electrolytes of the three varieties was about the same before the artificial freezing treatments, ranging from 900 to 1000 micromhos, the average survival and the conductance of diffused electrolytes were as follows: hardy Antonovka 71 per cent and 296 micromhos; less hardy McIntosh 53 per cent and 445 micromhos; and least hardy Northern Spy 23 per cent and 611 micromhos. Results also established quantitative values for the ultimate frost hardiness of apple trees, namely: no appreciable injury when the conductance from hardened tissues of twigs was within 200 to 250 micromhos or less. Conductance of electrolytes above 350 to 450 micromhos generally signified total killing; whereas intermediary readings indicated partial injury to twigs.The method used also permitted a study of the effects of several factors considered of vital importance in: (a) developing frost resistance of overwintering plants such as seasonal maturity, cold hardening and dehardening of tissues, and (b) causing excessive frost injuries such as increasing intensities and rates of freezing temperatures. The validity of the used laboratory methods is discussed.
FURTHER STUDIES OF MERCURY RESIDUES ON APPLE FRUIT
Authors: Stewart D. K. R. , Ross R. G.
Published: March 2010

Following single cover sprays of Erad (phenyl mercury acetate) mercury residues in apples declined until early in August and then increased until at harvest they were greater than the initial deposits. The accumulation of mercury in the maturing fruit appeared to be by translocation from other parts of the tree.Mylar film was more effective than polythene for protecting fruit from contamination with Erad during and following spraying.
THE EFFECT ON GERMINATION OF DRYING LEEK SEED HEADS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
Authors: Adamson R. M.
Published: March 2010

The effect of drying leek seed heads at various temperatures and temperature combinations upon seed germination was studied from 1951 to 1956. Treatments included 80°F., 95°F., 110°F., and 140°F. continuous, and 80°F. for periods up to 10 days, followed by the higher temperatures. In all seasons a continuous temperature of 80°F. resulted in seed germinating at or above the 65 per cent minimum required by the Canadian Seeds Act, while any treatment including 110°F. or higher caused below-minimum germination. Treatments of 95°F. continuous, and combinations of 80°F. and 90°F., were not significantly different from 80°F. continuous over the period 1953 to 1956, but showed marked trends towards differences in certain years. In 1953 and 1956, germinations from these treatments were well above 65 per cent but below in 1954 and 1955, when summer temperatures were cooler, as shown by heat unit data.During the 1953–56 period, drying times for the 80°F. continuous treatment averaged 33 days and for 95°F., 21 days. While a continuous temperature of 80°F. was necessary to ensure satisfactory seed germination in all seasons, it is suggested, where rapid drying is desired, that a constant temperature of 95°F. be employed when summer weather favouring maturity has preceded seed harvest.
COMMON ROOTROT AND PLANT DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING TREATMENTS OF WHEAT SEED WITH ALDRIN, GAMMA BHC, AND HEPTACHLOR, WITH AND WITHOUT MERCURY FUNGICIDES
Authors: Burrage R. H. , Tinline R. D.
Published: March 2010

Common rootrot in Chinook wheat seedlings was more pronounced after seed treatments with gamma BHC at 1 oz. per bu. than after aldrin or heptachlor at the same rate or no insecticide, in soils inoculated with Cochliobolus sativus (Ito and Kurib.) Drechs. ex Dastur in greenhouse and field tests. In one of four tests rootrot was greater after heptachlor than after aldrin seed treatments. Disease increased progressively with an increase in rate of application of gamma BHC, but not of heptachlor, from [Formula: see text] to 1 oz. per bu. Reduced emergence and seedling weight following the higher rates of gamma BHC apparently were caused by phytotoxicity of the seed dressings rather than by the increases in rootrot. In field tests rootrot frequently was greater, and emergence less, without insecticides than with most insecticides, possibly because of damage to the plants by wireworms.The inclusion of a mercury fungicide with the insecticide, except gamma BHC at [Formula: see text] and 1 oz. per bu., usually reduced rootrot and increased emergence and seedling weight in inoculated soils.Wheat plants apparently recovered from early stunting associated with phytotoxicity and rootrot as there were no differences in grain yield per plant between seed treatments or between inoculated and uninoculated soils.