bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe Based on Carbon Dots and Bimetallic Nanoclusters for the Assay of Copper Gluconate and Copper Sulfate
Authors: Fan Yucong , Yu Weihua , Hu Yue , Liao Yunwen , Jiang Xiaohui , Cheng Zhengjun
Published: September 2021

Doping Ag-enhanced and glutathione-stabilized Au nanoclusters (GSH–Ag/AuNCs) were prepared by the one-step ultraviolet radiation combined with microwave heating method. The effects of the molar ratio of Au–Ag and different types of energy suppliers on the fluorescent performance of GSH–Ag/AuNCs were studied in detail. After that, a new ratio fluorescent probe (RF-probe) based on the mixing of GSH–Ag/AuNCs with carbon dots (CDs) was designed for sensitive and selective determination of copper gluconate (CG) and cupric sulfate (CS). For the CDs–GSH–Ag/AuNCs RF-probe, the fluorescence (FL) of CDs (at 440[Formula: see text]nm) and that of alloy nanoclusters (NCs) (at 605[Formula: see text]nm) were, respectively, unaffected and strongly quenched in the presence of CG/CS at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm coming from the dynamic quenching process. Corresponding linear ranges and limit of detection (LOD) of the RF-probe for the CG/CS assay were estimated to be 0.17–6.20/0.17–5.62[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L and 16.80/15.95[Formula: see text]nmol/L, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed RF-probe was successfully used for the assays of CG in CG tablets and CG additive, and CS in infant formula and CS additive, respectively.
CREDIT QUALITY AND SUBSTITUTION IN SME FINANCE
Authors: NORDEN LARS , VAN KAMPEN STEFAN , ILLUECA MANUEL
Published: September 2021

We investigate whether and how SMEs’ credit quality influences their substitution of bank credit for trade credit. Using data from the five largest European countries, we find that substitution of bank credit for trade credit decreases during the financial crisis, but it decreases significantly less for ex ante low credit quality firms. We control for pre-crisis or lagged firm characteristics including size and external finance dependence, industry effects, sample selection effects and cross-country heterogeneity. We also find that low credit quality firms increase their absolute and relative trade credit usage significantly more than high credit quality firms during the financial crisis. The effects are consistent across countries and stronger for net trade credit borrowers and financially constrained firms. The evidence highlights how credit quality influences demand-side driven substitution in SME finance.
A Nonlinear Optimal Control Approach for the Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft
Authors: Rigatos G.
Published: September 2021

The paper proposes a nonlinear optimal control approach for the model of the vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft. This aerial drone receives as control input a directed thrust, as well as forces acting on its wing tips. The latter forces are not perpendicular to the body axis of the drone but are tilted by a small angle. The dynamic model of the VTOL undergoes approximate linearization with the use of Taylor series expansion around a temporary operating point which is recomputed at each iteration of the control method. For the approximately linearized model, an H-infinity feedback controller is designed. The linearization procedure relies on the computation of the Jacobian matrices of the state-space model of the VTOL aircraft. The proposed control method stands for the solution of the optimal control problem for the nonlinear and multivariable dynamics of the aerial drone, under model uncertainties and external perturbations. For the computation of the controller’s feedback gains, an algebraic Riccati equation is solved at each time-step of the control method. The new nonlinear optimal control approach achieves fast and accurate tracking for all state variables of the VTOL aircraft, under moderate variations of the control inputs. The stability properties of the control scheme are proven through Lyapunov analysis.
A Fresh Look at Zones and Octagons
Authors: Gange Graeme , Ma Zequn , Navas Jorge A. , Schachte Peter , Søndergaard Harald , Stuckey Peter J.
Published: September 2021

Zones and Octagons are popular abstract domains for static program analysis. They enable the automated discovery of simple numerical relations that hold between pairs of program variables. Both domains are well understood mathematically but the detailed implementation of static analyses based on these domains poses many interesting algorithmic challenges. In this article, we study the two abstract domains, their implementation and use. Utilizing improved data structures and algorithms for the manipulation of graphs that represent difference-bound constraints, we present fast implementations of both abstract domains, built around a common infrastructure. We compare the performance of these implementations against alternative approaches offering the same precision. We quantify the differences in performance by measuring their speed and precision on standard benchmarks. We also assess, in the context of software verification, the extent to which the improved precision translates to better verification outcomes. Experiments demonstrate that our new implementations improve the state of the art for both Zones and Octagons significantly.
Investigating Usability and User Experience of Individually Verifiable Internet Voting Schemes
Authors: Marky Karola , Zollinger Marie-Laure , Roenne Peter , Ryan Peter Y. A. , Grube Tim , Kunze Kai
Published: September 2021

Internet voting can afford more inclusive and inexpensive elections. The flip side is that the integrity of the election can be compromised by adversarial attacks and malfunctioning voting infrastructure. Individual verifiability aims to protect against such risks by letting voters verify that their votes are correctly registered in the electronic ballot box. Therefore, voters need to carry out additional tasks making human factors crucial for security. In this article, we establish a categorization of individually verifiable Internet voting schemes based on voter interactions. For each category in our proposed categorization, we evaluate a voting scheme in a user study with a total of 100 participants. In our study, we assessed usability, user experience, trust, and further qualitative data to gain deeper insights into voting schemes. Based on our results, we conclude with recommendations for developers and policymakers to inform the choices and design of individually verifiable Internet voting schemes.
Exploiting Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks with Latent Worker/Task Correlation Information for Label Aggregation in Crowdsourcing
Authors: Wu Hanlu , Ma Tengfei , Wu Lingfei , Xu Fangli , Ji Shouling
Published: September 2021

Crowdsourcing has attracted much attention for its convenience to collect labels from non-expert workers instead of experts. However, due to the high level of noise from the non-experts, a label aggregation model that infers the true label from noisy crowdsourced labels is required. In this article, we propose a novel framework based on graph neural networks for aggregating crowd labels. We construct a heterogeneous graph between workers and tasks and derive a new graph neural network to learn the representations of nodes and the true labels. Besides, we exploit the unknown latent interaction between the same type of nodes (workers or tasks) by adding a homogeneous attention layer in the graph neural networks. Experimental results on 13 real-world datasets show superior performance over state-of-the-art models.
Safe-by-default Concurrency for Modern Programming Languages
Authors: Liu Lun , Millstein Todd , Musuvathi Madanlal
Published: September 2021

Modern “safe” programming languages follow a design principle that we call
safety by default
and
performance by choice
. By default, these languages enforce important programming abstractions, such as memory and type safety, but they also provide mechanisms that allow expert programmers to explicitly trade some safety guarantees for increased performance. However, these same languages have adopted the inverse design principle in their support for multithreading. By default, multithreaded programs violate important abstractions, such as program order and atomic access to individual memory locations to admit compiler and hardware optimizations that would otherwise need to be restricted. Not only does this approach conflict with the design philosophy of safe languages, but very little is known about the practical performance cost of providing a stronger default semantics.

In this article, we propose a safe-by-default and performance-by-choice multithreading semantics for safe languages, which we call

volatile

-by-default
. Under this semantics, programs have
sequential consistency
(SC) by default, which is the natural “interleaving” semantics of threads. However, the
volatile
-by-default design also includes annotations that allow expert programmers to avoid the associated overheads in performance-critical code. We describe the design, implementation, optimization, and evaluation of the
volatile
-by-default semantics for two different safe languages: Java and Julia. First, we present
V
BD-HotSpot and
V
BDA-HotSpot, modifications of Oracle’s HotSpot JVM that enforce the
volatile
-by-default semantics on Intel x86-64 hardware and ARM-v8 hardware. Second, we present
S
C-Julia, a modification to the just-in-time compiler within the standard Julia implementation that provides best-effort enforcement of the
volatile
-by-default semantics on x86-64 hardware for the purpose of performance evaluation. We also detail two different implementation techniques: a
baseline
approach that simply reuses existing mechanisms in the compilers for handling atomic accesses, and a
speculative
approach that avoids the overhead of enforcing the
volatile
-by-default semantics until there is the possibility of an SC violation. Our results show that the cost of enforcing SC is significant but arguably still acceptable for some use cases today. Further, we demonstrate that compiler optimizations as well as programmer annotations can reduce the overhead considerably.
Covert Cycle Stealing in a Single FIFO Server
Authors: Jiang Bo , Nain Philippe , Towsley Don
Published: September 2021

Consider a setting where Willie generates a Poisson stream of jobs and routes them to a single server that follows the first-in first-out discipline. Suppose there is an adversary Alice, who desires to receive service without being detected. We ask the question: What is the number of jobs that she can receive covertly, i.e., without being detected by Willie? In the case where both Willie and Alice jobs have exponential service times with respective rates μ
1
and μ
2
, we demonstrate a phase-transition when Alice adopts the strategy of inserting a single job probabilistically when the server idles: over
n
busy periods, she can achieve a covert throughput, measured by the expected number of jobs covertly inserted, of
O
(√
n
) when μ
1
< 2 μ
2
,
O
(√
n
log
n
) when μ
1
= 2μ
2
, and
O
(
n

μ
2
/μ
1

) when μ
1
> 2μ
2
. When both Willie and Alice jobs have general service times, we establish an upper bound for the number of jobs Alice can execute covertly. This bound is related to the Fisher information. More general insertion policies are also discussed.
Embedding Heterogeneous Information Network in Hyperbolic Spaces
Authors: Zhang Yiding , Wang Xiao , Liu Nian , Shi Chuan
Published: September 2021

Heterogeneous information network (HIN) embedding, aiming to project HIN into a low-dimensional space, has attracted considerable research attention. Most of the existing HIN embedding methods focus on preserving the inherent network structure and semantic correlations in Euclidean spaces. However, one fundamental problem is whether the Euclidean spaces are the intrinsic spaces of HIN? Recent researches find the complex network with hyperbolic geometry can naturally reflect some properties, e.g., hierarchical and power-law structure. In this article, we make an effort toward embedding HIN in hyperbolic spaces. We analyze the structures of three HINs and discover some properties, e.g., the power-law distribution, also exist in HINs. Therefore, we propose a novel HIN embedding model HHNE. Specifically, to capture the structure and semantic relations between nodes, HHNE employs the meta-path guided random walk to sample the sequences for each node. Then HHNE exploits the hyperbolic distance as the proximity measurement. We also derive an effective optimization strategy to update the hyperbolic embeddings iteratively. Since HHNE optimizes different relations in a single space, we further propose the extended model HHNE++. HHNE++ models different relations in different spaces, which enables it to learn complex interactions in HINs. The optimization strategy of HHNE++ is also derived to update the parameters of HHNE++ in a principle manner. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed models.
Securing Interruptible Enclaved Execution on Small Microprocessors
Authors: Busi Matteo , Noorman Job , Van Bulck Jo , Galletta Letterio , Degano Pierpaolo , Mühlberg Jan Tobias , Piessens Frank
Published: September 2021

Computer systems often provide hardware support for isolation mechanisms such as privilege levels, virtual memory, or enclaved execution. Over the past years, several successful software-based side-channel attacks have been developed that break, or at least significantly weaken, the isolation that these mechanisms offer. Extending a processor with new architectural or micro-architectural features brings a risk of introducing new software-based side-channel attacks.

This article studies the problem of extending a processor with new features
without
weakening the security of the isolation mechanisms that the processor offers. Our solution is heavily based on techniques from research on programming languages. More specifically, we propose to use the programming language concept of full abstraction as a general formal criterion for the security of a processor extension. We instantiate the proposed criterion to the concrete case of extending a microprocessor that supports enclaved execution with secure interruptibility. This is a very relevant instantiation, as several recent papers have shown that interruptibility of enclaves leads to a variety of software-based side-channel attacks. We propose a design for interruptible enclaves and prove that it satisfies our security criterion. We also implement the design on an open-source enclave-enabled microprocessor and evaluate the cost of our design in terms of performance and hardware size.
Hybrid Variational Autoencoder for Recommender Systems
Authors: Zhang Hangbin , Wong Raymond K. , Chu Victor W.
Published: September 2021

E-commerce platforms heavily rely on automatic personalized recommender systems, e.g., collaborative filtering models, to improve customer experience. Some hybrid models have been proposed recently to address the deficiency of existing models. However, their performances drop significantly when the dataset is sparse. Most of the recent works failed to fully address this shortcoming. At most, some of them only tried to alleviate the problem by considering either user side or item side content information. In this article, we propose a novel recommender model called Hybrid Variational Autoencoder (HVAE) to improve the performance on sparse datasets. Different from the existing approaches, we encode both user and item information into a latent space for semantic relevance measurement. In parallel, we utilize collaborative filtering to find the implicit factors of users and items, and combine their outputs to deliver a hybrid solution. In addition, we compare the performance of Gaussian distribution and multinomial distribution in learning the representations of the textual data. Our experiment results show that HVAE is able to significantly outperform state-of-the-art models with robust performance.
Assessing Large-Scale Power Relations among Locations from Mobility Data
Authors: De Oliveira Lucas Santos , Vaz-De-Melo Pedro O. S. , Viana Aline Carneiro
Published: September 2021

The pervasiveness of smartphones has shaped our lives, social norms, and the structure that dictates human behavior. They now directly influence how individuals demand resources or interact with network services. From this scenario, identifying key locations in cities is fundamental for the investigation of human mobility and also for the understanding of social problems. In this context, we propose the first graph-based methodology in the literature to quantify the power of Point-of-Interests (POIs) over its vicinity by means of user mobility trajectories. Different from literature, we consider the flow of people in our analysis, instead of the number of neighbor POIs or their structural locations in the city. Thus, we modeled POI’s visits using the multiflow graph model where each POI is a node and the transitions of users among POIs are a weighted direct edge. Using this multiflow graph model, we compute the
attract, support, and independence powers
. The
attract power
and
support power
measure how many visits a POI gathers from and disseminate over its neighborhood, respectively. Moreover, the
independence power
captures the capacity of a POI to receive visitors independently from other POIs. We tested our methodology on well-known university campus mobility datasets and validated on Location-Based Social Networks (LBSNs) datasets from various cities around the world. Our findings show that in university campus: (i) buildings have low
support power
and
attract power
; (ii) people tend to move over a few buildings and spend most of their time in the same building; and (iii) there is a slight dependence among buildings, even those with high
independence power
receive user visits from other buildings on campus. Globally, we reveal that (i) our metrics capture places that impact the number of visits in their neighborhood; (ii) cities in the same continent have similar independence patterns; and (iii) places with a high number of visitation and city central areas are the regions with the highest degree of independence.
Performance Analysis of Work Stealing in Large-scale Multithreaded Computing
Authors: Sonenberg Nikki , Kielanski Grzegorz , Van Houdt Benny
Published: September 2021

Randomized work stealing is used in distributed systems to increase performance and improve resource utilization. In this article, we consider randomized work stealing in a large system of homogeneous processors where parent jobs spawn child jobs that can feasibly be executed in parallel with the parent job. We analyse the performance of two work stealing strategies: one where only child jobs can be transferred across servers and the other where parent jobs are transferred. We define a mean-field model to derive the response time distribution in a large-scale system with Poisson arrivals and exponential parent and child job durations. We prove that the model has a unique fixed point that corresponds to the steady state of a structured Markov chain, allowing us to use matrix analytic methods to compute the unique fixed point. The accuracy of the mean-field model is validated using simulation. Using numerical examples, we illustrate the effect of different probe rates, load, and different child job size distributions on performance with respect to the two stealing strategies, individually, and compared to each other.
The Value of Combined Application of Oxycodone Hydrochloride Injection and Dexmedetomidine in Anesthesia for LC for Patients with Gallbladder Lesions
Authors: Wang Zhantian , Xu Xiaofeng
Published: September 2021

Objective. To analyze the effect of combined application of oxycodone hydrochloride injection and dexmedetomidine in anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for patients with gallbladder lesions. Method. 93 patients with gallbladder lesions in our hospital were divided into 2 groups by the random number table method. 46 patients in the control group applied oxycodone hydrochloride injection in anesthesia, and 47 patients in the observation group applied oxycodone hydrochloride injection combined with dexmedetomidine in anesthesia. Result. The T1 and T2 MAP levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (

P
<
0.05

), and the difference between T3 and the control group was not significantly significant (

P
>
0.05

). The T1 to T3 HR level in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The rate of excessive sedation (10.64%) and sedation inefficiency (12.77%) in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (28.26% and 30.43%), and the rate of satisfactory sedation (76.60%) was higher than that in the control group (41.30%) (

P
<
0.05

). The postoperative awakening, tracheal tube removal, and first anal venting time were shorter in the observation group than in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The WHO scores of incisional pain at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the operation were lower in the observation group than in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The T2 SOD level in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the ROS and MDA levels were lower than those in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The incidence of side effects of anesthetic in the observation group was 17.02%, which was not statistically different from the control group of 13.04% (

P
>
0.05

). Conclusion. The combined application of oxycodone hydrochloride injection and dexmedetomidine in anesthesia for LC for patients with gallbladder lesions can achieve better sedation and analgesia effect, accelerate postoperative awakening and recovery, and control oxidative stress and fluctuations in signs, without increasing anesthesia-related side effects.
The Impacts of the Infectious Disease Epidemic on the Permanent Volatility of Precious Metal and Crude Oil Futures Markets: A Long-Term Perspective
Authors: Shang Yue , Chen Xiaodan , Zhang Yifeng , Wei Yu
Published: September 2021

The aim of this paper is to identify the quantitative impacts of the infectious disease pandemic on the permanent volatility of precious metal and crude oil futures from a long-term perspective by using a recently constructed Infectious Disease Equity Market Volatility Tracker (ID-EMV) to capture the epidemic severity and with a novel mixed data sampling GARCH (GARCH-MIDAS) method. Different from the extant literature only focusing on the short-term influences of the COVID-19 epidemic on commodity futures market, this paper shows that the infectious disease pandemic does have significant and positive impacts on the permanent (long-term) volatilities of precious metal and crude oil futures markets lasting for at least up to 12 months. In addition, these specific impacts on crude oil futures are greater than those on precious metal futures. Finally, we find that the infectious disease epidemic has larger impacts on gold (WTI oil) futures than those on silver (Brent oil) futures. All these findings are robust after controlling the negative influences of lagged long-run realized volatility in commodity futures markets.
Application of Rapid Rehabilitation Nursing in Thoracic Surgery Nursing
Authors: Liang Hongliu , Huang Jing , Tong Jijia , Wang Jinyue
Published: September 2021

To study the application effect of rapid rehabilitation nursing intervention in thoracic surgery nursing, this paper researches controlled trials. First, this paper sets up a control group and a test group. The control group uses traditional nursing methods for thoracic surgical nursing intervention, and the test group adds rapid rehabilitation nursing intervention based on traditional nursing intervention. In addition, the operation and rehabilitation conditions of the control group and the test group are the same. Moreover, this paper records rehabilitation information in real time, performs data processing through statistical methods, and conducts follow-up surveys on the rehabilitation process of patients. In addition, this paper compares nursing effects through data comparison and histogram comparison. From the research results, various parameters of the patient’s recovery process and the user satisfaction of the rapid rehabilitation can be seen. Furthermore, nursing is higher than those of the control group, which shows that the rapid rehabilitation nursing method can positively affect the nursing of thoracic surgery.
Mol‐BERT: An Effective Molecular Representation with BERT for Molecular Property Prediction
Authors: Li Juncai , Jiang Xiaofei
Published: September 2021

Molecular property prediction is an essential task in drug discovery. Most computational approaches with deep learning techniques either focus on designing novel molecular representation or combining with some advanced models together. However, researchers pay fewer attention to the potential benefits in massive unlabeled molecular data (e.g., ZINC). This task becomes increasingly challenging owing to the limitation of the scale of labeled data. Motivated by the recent advancements of pretrained models in natural language processing, the drug molecule can be naturally viewed as language to some extent. In this paper, we investigate how to develop the pretrained model BERT to extract useful molecular substructure information for molecular property prediction. We present a novel end‐to‐end deep learning framework, named Mol‐BERT, that combines an effective molecular representation with pretrained BERT model tailored for molecular property prediction. Specifically, a large‐scale prediction BERT model is pretrained to generate the embedding of molecular substructures, by using four million unlabeled drug SMILES (i.e., ZINC 15 and ChEMBL 27). Then, the pretrained BERT model can be fine‐tuned on various molecular property prediction tasks. To examine the performance of our proposed Mol‐BERT, we conduct several experiments on 4 widely used molecular datasets. In comparison to the traditional and state‐of‐the‐art baselines, the results illustrate that our proposed Mol‐BERT can outperform the current sequence‐based methods and achieve at least 2% improvement on ROC‐AUC score on Tox21, SIDER, and ClinTox dataset.
Circular RNA hsa_circ_0006117 Facilitates Pancreatic Cancer Progression by Regulating the miR-96-5p/KRAS/MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Tao , Zhou Lei , He Zhiwei , Chen Yankun , Jiang Xueyi , Xu Jian , Jiang Jianxin
Published: September 2021

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play key roles in many malignant tumors, including pancreatic cancer (PC); however, whether circular RNA hsa_circ_0006117, a newly identified circRNA, has a role in PC has not been investigated. Here, in order to elucidate the role and potential molecular mechanisms of circRNAs, we utilized bioinformatic tolls to screen the differentially expressed circRNAs in PC. Subsequently, circular RNA hsa_circ_0006117 was identified as being highly expressed in PC tissues in a screen of two GEO datasets, which was further verified in PC cell lines and tissues. Then, its molecular characteristics were investigated using methods such as Sanger sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Functional experiments subsequently indicated that circular RNA hsa_circ_0006117 facilitated the malignant behaviors of PC cells, prompting that it plays an oncogenic role in PC. Moreover, we found that circular RNA hsa_circ_0006117 exerts its PC-promoting effects via activating the KRAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Through bioinformatics exploration and dual-luciferase reporter assays, miR-96-5p was identified as a downstream target of circular RNA hsa_circ_0006117. A series of assays confirmed that circular RNA hsa_circ_0006117 acted as a miR-96-5p sponge, thereby promoting the malignant features of PC in a miR-96-5p/KRAS axis-dependent manner. Taken together, our study indicated, for the first time, that the specifically highly expressed circular RNA hsa_circ_0006117 facilitates PC progression via the modulation of the miR-96-5p/KRAS/MAPK signaling pathway and might be a hopeful therapeutic target for PC.
Safety, Efficacy, and Biomarker Results from a Phase Ib Study of the Anti-DKK1 Antibody DKN-01 in Combination with Pembrolizumab in Advanced Esophagogastric Cancers
Authors: Klempner Samuel J. , Bendell Johanna C. , Villaflor Victoria Meucci , Tenner Laura LaNiel , Stein Stacey M. , Rottman James B. , Naik Girish S. , Sirard Cynthia A. , Kagey Michael H. , Chaney Marya F. , Strickler John H.
Published: September 2021

Therapeutic combinations targeting innate and adaptive immunity and predictive biomarkers of response in esophagogastric cancer (EGC) are needed. We assessed safety and clinical utility of DKN-01 (a novel DKK1-neutralizing IgG4 antibody) combined with pembrolizumab and retrospectively determined DKK1 tumoral expression as a biomarker. Patients with advanced EGC received intravenous DKN-01 (150 or 300 mg) on days 1 and 15 with pembrolizumab 200 mg on day 1 in 21-day cycles. Clinical response was assessed by RECIST v1.1. Association of tumoral DKK1 mRNA expression (H-score: high ≥ upper-tertile, low < upper-tertile) with response was assessed with PD-L1 levels as a covariate. Sixty-three patients received DKN-01 150 mg (n = 2) or 300 mg (n = 61) plus pembrolizumab. Common adverse events were fatigue, anemia, blood alkaline phosphatase elevation, aspartate aminotransferase elevation, and hyponatremia. Among evaluable anti-PD-1/PD-L1-naïve patients receiving DKN-01 300 mg and pembrolizumab, objective response rate (ORR) was 11.4% (5/44) and 18.5% (5/27) in patients with gastroesophageal junction or gastric cancer (GEJ/GC). Among response-evaluable anti-PD-1/PD-L1-naïve patients with GEJ/GC and known tumoral DKK1 expression, ORR was 50% in DKK1-high and 0% in DKK1-low patients, median PFS was 22.1 vs. 5.9 weeks (HR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.08–0.67), respectively, and median OS was 31.6 weeks vs. 17.4 weeks (HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.16–1.07), respectively. Association of DKK1 expression with PFS was independent of PD-L1 expression (adjusted HR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.06–0.69). DKN-01 combined with pembrolizumab was well tolerated with no new safety signals. Antitumor activity was enriched in anti-PD-1/PD-L1-naïve patients with GEJ/GC whose tumors expressed high DKK1.
Dissociation in Patients with Non-Psychotic Mental Disorders
Authors: Iskanderova Rinata , Vasilyev Valeriy V.
Published: September 2021

Background. Dissociation is a generally recognized phenomenon in psychology and psychiatry; however, questions are still not fully resolved about the di!erence between pathological and normal dissociation, as well as the role of dissociation, depending on its aetiology, in the formation of clinical manifestations of mental disorders. Objective. To complement the existing data about the signi"cance of dissociation in non-psychotic mental disorders. Design. Using the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES), we screened 62 patients (13 male and 49 female) from the Non-Psychotic Conditions Inpatient Department of the Udmurt Republican Clinical Psychiatric Hospital (Izhevsk, Russia). Nineteen of the patients had mental disorders of organic aetiology and 43 patients had mental disorders of psychogenic aetiology. Results. Dissociation at the pathological level was detected in 12.9% of the patients, all of them female. Among patients with psychogenic disorders, the proportion of patients with pathological dissociation was more than three times that of patients with organic disorders. Among the particular dissociative phenomena, absorption had the highest average severity, both in the general sample and in each aetiological group of patients, while dissociative amnesia had the lowest average severity. #e highest levels of dissociation were found in young female patients who had never been married. In patients with psychogenic disorders, the average dissociation severity was signi"cantly higher than in the general population, while in patients with organic disorders it was signi"cantly lower. Conclusion. #e dissociation phenomenon may play a signi"cant symptomforming role in young women su!ering from non-psychotic mental disorders of psychogenic aetiology. In the case of organic mental disorders, the severity of dissociative manifestations decreases even below the conditionally normal level, which may indirectly indicate the destruction of dissociative physiological mechanisms by an organic brain process.
Psychometric Properties of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory in a Sample of Medical Students in Kazakhstan
Authors: Bolatov Aidos K. , Seisembekov Telman Z. , Askarova Altynay Zh. , Igenbayeva Bakhyt , Smailova Dariga S. , Hosseini Hengameh
Published: September 2021

Background. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) has demonstrated good psychometric properties among different populations, but there is no known data on its validity among Russian-speaking medical students. The CBI-Student Survey focuses only on fatigue, but measures exhaustion in four different life domains: Personal Burnout (PB), Studies-Related Burnout (SRB), Colleague-Related Burnout (CRB), and Teacher-Related Burnout (TRB). Objective. To investigate the psychometric properties of the Russian version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory–Student Survey (R-CBI-S). Design. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 771 medical students at Astana Medical University (Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan). Statistical analyses included test-retest reliability, internal consistency, item analysis, convergent and concurrent validity, and confirmatory factor analysis. Concurrent validity was evaluated by bivariate correlations of R-CBI-S with anxiety, depression, and satisfaction with the study. Results. Test-retest reliability showed an ICC of 0.81. All item-total correlations for the total scale were positive (range 0.31–0.76). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.94 (0.896 for PB, 0.884 for SRB, 0.874 for CRB, and 0.926 for TRB). The Barlett’s sphericity test result was significant (p < 0.001), and the KMO measure of sampling adequacy exceeded 0.947. Convergent validity analysis results: PB (AVE = 0.52, CR = 0.87), SRB (AVE = 0.50, CR = 0.87), CRB (AVE = 0.51, CR = 0.86), TRB (AVE = 0.56, CR = 0.88). The R-CBI-S achieved good levels of goodness-of-fit indices (RMSEA = 0.0611; CFI = 0.940; TLI = 0.933). Conclusion. The test results indicated that the R-CBI-S scale appears to be a reliable and valid instrument. The R-CBI-S may be a useful tool in future research to identify burnout factors based on specific life domains for developing effective prevention measures among medical students.
Resource Factors Allowing People with Alcohol-addicted Parents to Overcome Their Negative Emotions: A Latent Variable Model and Content Analysis
Authors: Spivakovskaya Alla S. , Lutsenko Anna M.
Published: September 2021

Background. People with alcohol-addicted parents are at risk of psychoactive addictions, co-dependency, and suicidal behavior. Most studies of these people are aimed at confirming the inevitability of the impact of negative childhood experiences on their lives, and thus do not seek to identify resource factors which would allow them to overcome the negative emotions they experienced. Objective. The purpose of this study was to create a model of resource factors which would allow people with alcohol-addicted parents to overcome the negative emotions they experienced. Design. The participants were 58 healthy individuals (17 men and 41 women; M=25.2; SD=4.4) whose parents were alcohol addicts (they were participants in the 12-step recovery program "Adult Children of Alcoholics"), and 50 healthy individuals (15 men and 35 women, M=24.2; SD=3.7) whose parents were not alcohol addicts. The participants completed the questionnaires "Interpersonal Guilt," "Family Emotional Communication," and "Coping Strategies," and were interviewed on the resource factors which allowed them to overcome negative emotions. We used the content analysis of the interviews and latent variable modeling to analyze the questionnaires. Results. The model of resource factors (CFI=0.895, RMSEA=0.064) showed that the rules set by the parental dysfunctional family (the taboo on the expressing emotions, and external well-being) were associated with being unable to recognize current negative emotions and with avoiding problems. The ability to recognize negative emotions was connected with the participant’s willingness to accept responsibility for his/her life. The resource factors which allowed these subjects to overcome their negative emotions included: communication with relatives and friends; keeping a diary of emotions; and participating in recovery programs. Conclusion. Our model of resource factors explains the mechanism connecting dysfunctional family rules with the resource factors and negative emotions experienced by people with alcohol-addicted parents.
The Performance of Visual Perceptual Tasks in Patients with Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Authors: Chepeliuk Anastasia A. , Vinogradova Marina G.
Published: September 2021

Background. The most significant features for clinical diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) are cognitive-perceptual and disorganized symptoms. Experimental study of visual perceptual processes is important to elucidate the psychological mechanisms of cognitive-perceptual impairment in SPD. Objective. To research the performance of visual perceptual tasks in SPD. Design. Series I and II presented the subjects with visual perceptual tasks with different types of instructions (vague, verbal, or visual perceptual cues). The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-R) was also administered. The participants were 39 SPD patients, 36 obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) patients (F.21.8, F.60.5 in ICD-10, respectively), and 102 healthy controls. Results. SPD patients had a significantly lower number of correct answers in conditions of vague instruction and verbal cues in Series I of a visual-perceptual task in comparison with healthy subjects (р ≤ 0.01). With visual perceptual cues in Series II, patients with SPD had the same number of correct answers as controls, whereas OCPD patients had the same number of correct answers as controls with verbal cues in Series I. SPD patients had significantly lower scores in most verbal and nonverbal WAIS-R subtests in comparison with controls. SPD patients differed from OCPD patients in that they had lower scores in the “Information” (p ≤ 0.05) and “Comprehension” (p ≤ 0.05) subtests. Conclusion. With visual-perceptual cues, SPD patients were able to achieve normative results in the performance of visual-perceptual tasks, whereas patients with OCPD demonstrated lower productivity. In SPD patients, the basic impairments were associated with difficulties in inhibition of peculiar responses, stability of a subjective manner of performance and inability to revise it, low orientation to the model, and slipping into subjective associations with the stimuli.
The Relationship Between Value Orientations and Personal Readiness for Activity in Youth From Russia, Kazakhstan and Latvia
Authors: Perikova Ekaterina I. , Atamanova Inna V. , Bogomaz Sergey A. , Karipbayev Baizhol I. , Filippova Tatyana S. , Zagulova Diana
Published: September 2021

Background. The development of high-quality human capital is an important objective that involves value orientations, cultural dimensions and psychological characteristics of activity. This article presents a cross-cultural comparison of value orientations and psychological parameters of activity among youth from Russia, Kazakhstan, and Latvia. Objective. The study addressed three questions: (1) Are there values and attitudes related to the readiness for activity among youth in the three countries? (2) Are there any differences between values and parameters of the psychological system of activity in the Russian, Kazakhstani and Latvian samples? (3) What values and attitudes predict the youth’s readiness for activity in each country? Design. University students from Russia, Kazakhstan and Latvia were invited to participate in the study. The study sample was selected according to age, sex and period of living in the country. Value orientations, cultural dimensions and attitudes were measured by the VSM, WVS, Basic Values Realisability questionnaires. The PRF, Q-LES-Q, SHS, Self-Organization of Activity, DTR, and SWLS questionnaires were applied to evaluate the psychological parameters of activity. To analyse the relationship between value orientations and psychological parameters of activity, we used analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise linear regression. Results. The cross-cultural variance was established for most values and cultural dimensions in the Russian, Kazakhstani, and Latvian samples, but Personal readiness for activity only differed on the tendency level between the Kazakhstani and Latvian samples. Different values and attitudes accounted for near 57% of the Personal readiness for activity index in Russia and Latvia, but just less than 29% in Kazakhstan. Conclusion. The activity of university students from Russia depends on their need for achievement and level of happiness. In the Kazakhstani and Latvian samples, the most important factor was the quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction index
Magnetohydrodynamic Time Dependent 3-D Simulations for Casson Nano-Material Configured by Unsteady Stretched Surface with Thermal Radiation and Chemical Reaction Aspects
Authors: Ahmad Iftikhar , Qureshi Naveed , Al-Khaled Kamel , Aziz Samaira , Chammam Wathek , Ullah Khan Sami
Published: September 2021

Modern evaluation in the nano-technology pronounced the nanofluidci idea accumulating the exceptional thermal conductivities which reflect many novel applications in engineering, solar energy processes, thermal engineering and modern technologies. On account of this, current research
analysis addresses the time dependent flow of Casson nanofluid across bidirectional unsteady stretched heated surface accounted with porous zone. The combined mass and thermal transportation features are examined by introducing renowned Buongiorno’s nanofluid model. The magnetic evaluation,
radiative exploration and reaction assertive are further deliberated for physical relevance. The formulated nonlinear flow model pondered to dimensionless category by utilizing appropriate quantities and later the analytic solution is revealed by homotopic analytic technique. The complete
graphical elucidation for distinct relevant variables on temperature, velocities, concentration and skin frictions are displayed. The results emphasized that diminishing trends are reported in both velocity components with magnetic and Casson material parameters. An increasing behavior of
nanofluid temperature is observed for Casson liquid material. The radiation parameter enhances nanofluid temperature while concentration profile is retarded with chemical reaction. Furthermore, unsteadiness variable enhances velocities, concentration as well as temperature distributions. The
obtained results present applications in energy utilization, solar energy progression, chemical engineering, bioscience, extrusion processes, microelectronics etc.
Compressed Flow of Hybridized Nanofluid Entwined Between Two Rotating Plates Exposed to Radiation
Authors: Almeida F. , Venkatesh P. , Gireesha B. J. , Nagaraja B. , Eshwarappa K. M.
Published: September 2021

The existing work unveils the mixed convection squeezed flow of MHD hybridized nanoliquid amid two plates of the channel that is rotating vertically depending upon time. The fluid is sucked/injected through the channel extremes. The hybrid nanofluid anticipated here is composed of Graphene
oxide and Molybdenum disulphide with the hybrid base fluid comprised of water and ethylene glycol. The scrutiny is carried out in the presence of thermal radiation and heat source. The acquired equations are numerically computed with the aid of Runge Kutta Fehlberg 4–5th order method.
The entropy behavior and Bejan number are examined utilizing graphs. The novelty of the work lies in perceiving which shape of nanoparticle has better tendency in escalating the heat transport and whip up the efficiency of the channel. The flow repercussion so obtained are emphasized for both
hybrid and nano phase. On enlarging squeezing parameter, velocity escalates whereas for large values of rotating parameter velocity diminishes. The temperature is highest for blade structured and least for brick shaped nanoparticles. Heat generation/absorption parameter plays a crucial role
in controlling the heating and cooling process. Higher value of this parameter augments the thermal profile. Bejan number is least for blade structured nanoparticles.
A Review on the Use of Hybrid Nanofluid in a Solar Flat Plate and Parabolic Trough Collectors and Its Enhanced Collector Thermal Efficiency
Authors: Syam Sundar L. , Mesfin Solomon , Tefera Sintie Yihun , Punnaiah V. , Chamkha Ali J. , Sousa Antonio C. M.
Published: September 2021

Energy demand is high in all parts of the world, mostly in all industrial sectors. To meet the energy demand the fossil fuel is the only way. Due to rapid industrial growth and use of fossil fuel result in global warming and environmental pollution. Moreover, the limited availability of the fossil fuels, it is necessary to depend on the renewable energy sources. Promising renewable energy in the world is solar energy, which is available largely on the earth surface. The solar energy can be converted into thermal energy in the solar flat plate collector. The collector thermal efficiency is purely depends on the working fluid used in it. Most of the studies revealed that replacing the working fluid with high thermal conductivity fluids called as nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids can improve the collector thermal efficiency. Few decades back studies have been conducted with nanofluids in solar collectors. Currently the researchers are working on solar collectors for further improvement of its efficiency using hybrid nanofluids. In this review paper, we will discuss about the synthesis of hybrid nanoparticles, hybrid nanofluids, characterization, thermophysical properties, and application of hybrid nanofluids in solar flat plate collector under natural and forced circulation of fluid. The research gap in the solar collector is also discussed in this article. This paper also explains about the heat transfer capabilities of hybrid nanofluids especially used solar collectors.
Novel Investigation of Heat and Mass Transfer Under the Effects of Thermal Radiations
Authors: Adnan  , Khan Umar , Ahmed Naveed , Tauseef Mohyud-Din Syed
Published: September 2021

The investigation of the fluid flow characteristics between opening/narrowing channel attains much attention of the researchers and scientists. Such flows extensively used in the field of medical sciences and in different engineering fields. Therefore, keeping in mind the significance
of the study, the heat and mass transport analysis of second grade fluid is conducted in radiative channel. The problem is formulated via similarity transform and then treated analytically by using Homotopy Analysis technique. After mathematical treatment, the role of various flow quantities
on the heat and thermal transport are detected under the domain of interest. It is noted that the temperature augmented against Dufour and Deborah parameters. Further, the rate of heat transfer intensifies for higher Prandtl and Eckert numbers. The decreasing trends in the mass transfer due
to Schmidt and soret parameters are observed. Finally, a comparative literature is provided which authenticate the analysis under certain assumptions.