bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eye tracking investigation into semantic convergence in fully fluent Spanish–English bilingual adults
Authors: Mueller Gathercole Virginia C , Stadthagen-González Hans , DeCubas Samia Mercedes
Published: December 2018

Aims and Objectives:

This article examines semantic convergence of bilinguals’ two languages in the case of words that overlap semantically but are not fully isomorphic in meaning and application. To what extent do the type of bilingual, type of category, and relative semantic width across the languages matter?

Design:

The primary method involves eye tracking while participants chose pictures corresponding to an English word heard. The data examine potential differences in simultaneous Spanish–English bilinguals’, early Spanish L1–English L2 bilinguals’, and monolingual English speakers’ durations and numbers of fixations on potential candidates for referents.

Data and Analysis:

Thirty-eight participants were administered the task in relation to 48 English words from three types of words (classical, radial, and homophonic), half with wider semantic extension in English, half with wider semantic extension in Spanish. Durations and numbers of fixations were analyzed with ANOVAs with participant group, word type, and semantic width treated as variables.

Findings/Conclusions:

Data revealed minimal influences from Spanish on English with homophonic words, but for classical categories, and to some extent radial categories, bilinguals showed influence from Spanish on English words: participants considered referents that would be relevant for Spanish but not English.

Originality:

Eye tracking provides a window into the online processing of words and their referents, and thus provides more subtle clues to bilinguals’ processing of these categories relative to monolinguals’. The results support a special status relative to semantic convergence for words whose referents correspond to categories whose members lie close together in the conceptual space.

Significance/Implications:

For us to best account for semantic convergence in bilingual speakers, these data indicate that the type of category and the category structure in the conceptual space matter, the relative widths of the categories in bilinguals’ two languages matter, the task demands matter, and the type of bilingual matters.
Gear fault diagnosis using the general linear chirplet transform with vibration and acoustic measurements
Authors: Hartono Dennis , Halim Dunant , Roberts Gethin W
Published: December 2018

This work is aimed to develop a parameterized time–frequency analysis method combined with vibration and acoustic measurements for gear fault diagnosis. To achieve this aim, the work introduces the combined use of the residual method and general linear chirplet transform using acoustic and vibration measurements from a single stage spur gearbox. Experimental works were undertaken on a developed gearbox test rig. It was found from experiments that despite acoustic measurements were heavily corrupted by measurement noise, the use of the combined general linear chirplet transform method provided more accurate fault severity assessment compared to other commonly used diagnostic methods: continuous wavelet transform and pseudo Wigner–Ville distribution methods. The combined general linear chirplet transform method allows an accurate determination of the angular location of gear fault and a better representation of sidebands associated with the severity level of gear fault. The results demonstrate the potential of using non-contact acoustic measurement using the combined general linear chirplet transform method as an alternative sensing method for gear condition monitoring applications.
The changing nature of statues and monuments in Tshwane (Pretoria) South Africa
Authors: Fubah Mathias Alubafi
Published: December 2018

This paper examines the changing nature of statues and monuments in post-apartheid South Africa with special focus on newly constructed statues and monuments at the Groenkloof Nature Reserve (GNR) in Tshwane. The paper highlights the extraordinary fascination of the African National Congress (ANC) government with statues and monuments in honour of anti-colonial and anti-apartheid icons. It demonstrates that by embarking on the construction of statues and monuments in honour of struggle icons, these icons have become the embodiment of a new iconography for South Africa. More importantly, the paper will demonstrate how the newly constructed statues, though still in line with the pre-1994 iconography, are also disruptive of the country’s cultural landscape, much to the advantage of the government.
School variation in offending: A macro-level strain approach
Authors: Sandahl Julia
Published: December 2018

This study employs Macro-level Strain Theory (MST) as a framework to provide a better understanding of the way in which the structural and social context of Stockholm schools covaries with self-reported violent and general offending. The findings contribute to the literature in this area by directing a special focus at the interplay between the theory’s macro-level components and some individual-level mechanisms that may be assumed to condition the effect of strain on offending. Using multi-level data on 4789 students nested in 82 schools (violent offending) and 4643 students nested in 83 schools (general offending) in the City of Stockholm, the study notes significant contextual effects of anger, meaninglessness and life dissatisfaction on offending. School-level deprivation appears to have a confounding effect on the relationship between school-contextual negative affect and offending. Further, school-contextual anger influences some individuals more than others. Implications of these findings are discussed.
UK anti-slavery policy at the border: Humanitarian opportunism and the challenge of victim consent to assistance
Authors: Hadjimatheou Katerina , Lynch Jennifer
Published: December 2018

The UK’s Modern Slavery Strategy, launched in 2014, gives Border Force Officers a key role as anti-slavery first responders, identifying and supporting victims at the border. Yet, while an estimated 94 percent of victims identified in the UK cross UK borders, in 2016 less than 3 percent of victim referrals were made at the border. This article draws on a series of in-depth interviews with a specialized Safeguarding and Anti-Trafficking (SAT) team within the UK Border Force to shed light on this discrepancy. In doing so, it takes forward critical debates about the coherence of humanitarian anti-slavery policy and the consistency of its ambitions with a continued prioritization by governments of security policy and immigration control. The article furthers two key arguments: first, that current policy around anti-slavery first response at the border is grounded in a rationale of ‘humanitarian opportunism’, which states that borders are sites of unique opportunity to identify and assist victims of trafficking, and that Border Force Officers therefore have a humanitarian duty to identify and assist victims; second, that the humanitarian opportunity is in reality far more restricted in practice than the policy rhetoric suggests, a fact that goes some way to explaining the very small numbers of those identified as trafficked and assisted at UK borders. Two key challenges to successful identification and support are identified: the first is EU freedom of movement, which in effect exempts European citizens from vulnerability screening by Border Force Officers; the second is the requirement that Border Force Officers obtain written consent from those identified as trafficked to being labelled a victim of crime before they can be offered support. The article puts forward some suggestions for how these challenges could be addressed for the benefit of those trafficked.
Attitudes of Latin American Immigrants Resident in Florida (United States) Toward Related Living Kidney Donation
Authors: Ríos Zambudio Antonio , López-Navas Ana Isabel , Garrido Gregorio , Ayala-García Marco Antonio , Sebastián María José , Hernández Antonio Miguel , Ramírez Pablo , Parrilla Pascual
Published: December 2018

Introduction:

Latin American immigrants comprise an important population group in the United States. The purpose of this study was to analyze the attitude toward living kidney donation found among Latin American citizens who are residents in Florida and to identify the psychosocial variables affecting their attitude.

Material and Methods:

A sample of Latin American residents in the state of Florida was randomly obtained and stratified by nationality, age, and sex (n = 1524). Attitude was assessed through a validated questionnaire that was self-administered and completed anonymously. Descriptive, Student t test and the χ2 test were used to analyze findings.

Results:

The questionnaire completion rate was 94% (N = 1433), with 59% (n = 845) in favor of related living donation, 40% (n = 571) were opposed to donation, with the remaining 1% (n = 17) undecided. The following variables were related to attitude toward living donation: country of origin ( P < .001), marital status ( P < .001), having descendants ( P = .004), educational background ( P < 0.001), having had previous experience of donation and transplantation ( P < .001), attitude toward deceased donation ( P < .001), considering the possibility of needing a transplant ( P < .001), the respondent’s partner’s opinion ( P < .001), having considered the subject with one’s family ( P < .001), having carried out prosocial type activities ( P < .001), the respondent’s religion ( P < .001), knowing that one’s religion is in favor of this therapy ( P < .001), concern about mutilation after donation ( P < .001), and considerations of the risks of living donation ( P < .001).

Conclusions:

The attitude toward related living kidney donation of Latin American residents in Florida is not very favorable (only 59%).
The Competitive Effects of Performance-Enhancing Drugs: MLB in the Posttesting Era
Authors: Brave Scott A. , Roberts Kevin A.
Published: December 2018

Using estimates of Major League Baseball (MLB) financials from Forbes, we conduct a cost–benefit analysis of performance-enhancing drug (PED) testing. Player PED suspensions are shown to have lowered franchise values by statistically and economically significant margins through negative impacts on teams’ nongate revenues and expected future profit growth. Testing, however, also increased competitive balance through reductions in player costs which compressed the distribution of team wins per dollar. Finally, we estimate the number of PED suspensions per season which balances the costs and benefits of testing at the league and team levels and compare it to MLB’s current policy.
Partisan Bias in Economic News Content: New Evidence
Authors: Merkley Eric
Published: December 2018

Claims that the mainstream media are biased in favor of the Democratic Party are commonplace. However, empirical research has yielded mixed results and neglected potential bias in the dynamics of media behavior. This article contributes to this literature by using time series analyses of the dynamics in media tone based on more than 400,000 stories on inflation and unemployment from top-circulating American print media and the Associated Press newswire. The results suggest there is bias in favor of Democratic presidents. Media tone in unemployment and inflation coverage is more favorable during Democratic presidencies after controlling for economic performance. Tone is also generally more responsive to negative, short-term changes in economic conditions during Republican presidencies. In other words, bias is stronger with worsening economic conditions.
Seizure in Alzheimer’s Disease: An Underestimated Phenomenon
Authors: Asadollahi Marjan , Atazadeh Musa , Noroozian Maryam
Published: December 2018

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is considered as a potential risk factor for the development of seizure due to neurodegeneration and imbalance between stimulatory and inhibitory circuits in the brain. Seizure could occur in any point during the course of AD, and its presentation varies from fluctuation in cognitive domains to more typical seizures. The clinical diagnosis of seizure in patients with dementia may be challenging due to difficulty in history taking and clinical assessment. No paraclinic methods other than electroencephalogram (EEG) could provide arguments for the diagnosis of AD-related seizures (neither imaging modalities nor cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers). Standard 30-minute EEG may not be sufficiently sensitive to detect epileptiform discharges. In the present study, we aim to review different aspects of seizure in AD, including seizure prevalence, risk factors, underlying mechanisms, electroencephalographic findings, clinical presentations, impact of seizures on AD, and treatment options.
Decreased Ang-(1-7) and Downregulated Intrarenal RAS May Contribute to the Direct Podocyte Injury With Proteinuria in Preeclampsia
Authors: Chen Guixiang , Jin Xiaohong , Zhang Lihong , Niu Jianying , Gu Yong
Published: December 2018

The mechanisms of proteinuria development in preeclampsia (PE) are still enigmatic. Renin–angiotensin system (RAS) components may play a role. Maternal serum and urinary concentrations of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], angiotensin II (Ang II), and angiotensinogen in women with PE (n = 14), gestational hypertension (n = 14), and normal pregnancy were quantified. The alteration in these concentrations was used to evaluate their relationships with podocyturia and proteinuria in PE. In addition, the podocytes cultured in vitro were interfered in serum of preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women, with or without Ang-(1-7). The morphologic change in podocyte was observed using a microscope. The changes in podocyte-specific proteins (nephrin, CD2-associated protein [CD2AP]), the cytoskeletal protein F-actin, the tight junction protein (ZO-1), and Mas receptor (MasR) were examined by immunofluorescence. Western blot was used to examine the expression and variation of MasR. We found that the concentrations of RAS components were associated with prepartal urinary podocyte number, random urine albumin/creatinine ratio, blood pressure, and renal function. The expression of nephrin, F-actin, ZO-1, and MasR on podocytes interfered in serum of PE was significantly decreased compared to normal control and normal pregnant serum group in vitro, yet their expression was significantly increased after coculture by 10−6mol/L Ang-(1-7) and the preeclamptic serum. The expression of CD2AP had no significant difference. We concluded that decreased Ang-(1-7) and downregulated intrarenal RAS contributed to the direct podocyte injury with proteinuria in PE.
Who Deals With the Devil? Interdependence, Personality, and Corrupted Collaboration
Authors: Ścigała Karolina A. , Schild Christoph , Heck Daniel W. , Zettler Ingo
Published: December 2018

Corrupted collaboration, that is, gaining personal profits through collaborative immoral acts, is a common and destructive phenomenon in societies. Despite the societal relevance of corrupted collaboration, the role of one’s own as well as one’s partner’s characteristics has hitherto remained unexplained. In the present study, we test these roles using the sequential dyadic die-rolling paradigm ( N = 499 across five conditions). Our results indicate that interacting with a fully dishonest partner leads to higher cheating rates than interacting with a fully honest partner, although being paired with a fully honest partner does not eliminate dishonesty completely. Furthermore, we found that the basic personality dimension of Honesty–Humility is consistently negatively related to collaborative dishonesty irrespective of whether participants interact with fully honest or fully dishonest partners. Overall, our investigation provides new insights on the role of interaction partner’s characteristics in settings allowing for corrupted collaboration.
Racial Disparities in Surgical Outcomes After Spine Surgery: An ACS-NSQIP Analysis
Authors: Sanford Zachary , Taylor Haley , Fiorentino Alyson , Broda Andrew , Zaidi Amina , Turcotte Justin , Patton Chad
Published: December 2018

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives:

Racial disparities in postoperative outcomes are unfortunately common. We present data assessing race as an independent risk factor for postoperative complications after spine surgery for Native American (NA) and African American (AA) patients compared with Caucasians (CA).

Methods:

The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database was queried for spine procedures performed in 2015. Data was subdivided by surgery, demography, comorbidity, and 30-day postoperative outcomes, which were then compared by race. Regression was performed holding race as an independent risk factor.

Results:

A total of 4803 patients (4106 CA, 522 AA, 175 NA) were included in this analysis. AA patients experienced longer length of stay (LOS) and operative times ( P < .001) excluding lumbar fusion, which was significantly shorter ( P = .035). AA patients demonstrated higher comorbidity burden, specifically for diabetes and hypertension ( P < .005), while NA individuals were higher tobacco consumers ( P < .001). AA race was an independent risk factor associated with longer LOS across all cervical surgeries (β = 1.54, P <.001), lumbar fusion (β = 0.77, P = .009), and decompression laminectomy (β = 1.23, P < .001), longer operative time in cervical fusion (β = 12.21, P = .032), lumbar fusion (β = -24.00, P = .016), and decompression laminectomy (OR = 20.95, P < .001), greater risk for deep vein thrombosis in lumbar fusion (OR = 3.72, P = .017), and increased superficial surgical site infections (OR = 5.22, P = .001) and pulmonary embolism (OR = 5.76, P = .048) in decompression laminectomy. NA race was an independent risk factor for superficial surgical site infections following cervical fusion (OR = 14.58, P = .044) and decompression laminectomy (OR = 4.80, P = .021).

Conclusion:

AA and NA spine surgery patients exhibit disproportionate comorbidity burden and greater 30-day complications compared with CA patients. AA and NA race were found to independently affect rates of complications, LOS, and operation time.
Religion, Religiosity, and World Order*
Authors: Ansari Md. Hamid
Published: December 2018

The continuing, albeit heightened, relevance of faith-related disruptions in domestic and international discourses are a function of politics and geopolitics and is not, on empirical evidence, suggestive of heightened piety. Would this induce that religion is not politics, that religiosity is not religion, and that global order is to be premised on global interests and not on exclusively national ones? Are we prepared, conceptually and organizationally, to undertake it even if it involves as it must going beyond the traditional paradigm of faith and of national interest? Or, could the alternative be a modern-day version of Milton’s Pandemonium, the high capital of Satan and his peers, built by little demons?
India in the Libyan Conundrum
Authors: Trigunayat Anil
Published: December 2018

Libya after 42 years of Gaddafi’s autocratic and “Green Book” driven rule was hankering for some kind of liberation and the youth wanted to freely fly . Hence when the so called ‘Arab Spring” happened in 2010 Libyans were willing to see a better change and create a “New Libya” of their dreams . Gaddafi was unpopular with the Arab and western leaders because of his independent occasional waywardness in the international discourse which was not palatable to the global and regional powers that were calling the shots in the UN and outside. Hence an engineered revolution supported by external military intervention aimed at removal of Gaddafi ensued but without any plan for the future because of which the seeds of current disastrous developments were implanted. All this became known in a few years thereafter and Libyan’s continued instability follows on. As for India which had good relations with Libya all through did not support the military intervention at the UNSC hence it was on the wrong side of the manufactured history and revolution and paid the price as popular dissatisfaction with India’s approach became visible in day to day discourse especially at the popular level. To correct the skewed perception was the immediate task of the new Ambassador and to secure India’s commercial interests the next despite the fluid security situation. Unfortunately the “New Libya” dream of common Libyans shattered in no time.
Numerical analysis of blade coating of a third-order fluid
Authors: Bhatti Saira , Zahid Muhammad , Rana Muhammad Afzal , Siddiqui Abdul Majeed , Abdul Wahab Hafiz
Published: December 2018

In this study, the blade coating process of a third-order fluid has been investigated. Flow between the narrow channel formed by the rigid blade and the web is generated due to the web motion and the constant pressure gradient. The governing equations of motion are simplified using lubrication approximation theory. We obtained analytical solutions for velocity field, pressure distribution, pressure gradient and coating thickness using perturbation method. How the model’s dimensionless parameters affect velocity, pressure gradient, pressure and coating thickness are presented graphically and in tabulated form. We found that the third-order parameter provides a mechanism to control velocity, pressure, power input and the final coating thickness.
Using Scenario-Based Simulation to Address Affective Behaviors in Sonography Students
Authors: Kloc Lori , Ballor Cynthia , Boldt Kim , Curry Reva
Published: December 2018

Simulation in health care education is considered an educational strategy in which a particular set of conditions is created or replicated to resemble authentic situations that are possible in real life. This research study records sonography student self-reflected confidence levels in three patient care scenarios using pre- and postsimulation surveys and debriefing strategies. Student confidence improved in (1) explaining the examination, (2) prepping the patient, and (3) performing the examination. In addition, students stated they had more confidence in what to do when a negative outcome is communicated to the patient. They also expressed greater appreciation for the importance of institutional policies that guide patient care. Research is ongoing to determine whether the simulation lab experience correlates to improved student performance in the actual clinical setting. This research occurred in a simulation lab but could be replicated by using high-fidelity sonography simulators and assigning an actor to interact with student learners.
Sonographic Evaluation of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Rail Emily , Stormo Janell
Published: December 2018

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is proposed to arise from the proximal convoluted tubules within the kidney. Diagnostic imaging plays a role in the detection of RCC. A case is presented of a clear cell RCC that was initially identified sonographically. Sonography detected and characterized the mass, which was further evaluated with computed tomography (CT) to obtain additional information, prior to a radical nephrectomy. The use of both CT and sonography led to proper diagnosis and treatment of this suspected tumor.
Paget-Schroetter Syndrome Secondary to Injury-Induced Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Authors: Bryson Maleese
Published: December 2018

Paget-Schroetter syndrome (PSS) is a rare diagnosis characterized by thrombosis of the axillary-subclavian veins. It can occur from thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) that may result in deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or life-threatening complications if left untreated. Sonography is the primary imaging modality used for suspicion of DVT. Other modalities may be used for difficult diagnoses such as PSS where the exact location of venous compromise is important to know for appropriate treatment. This case report details the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of PSS from injury-induced TOS.
Functional proteomic profiling reveals KLK13 and TMPRSS11D as active proteases in the lower female reproductive tract
Authors: Muytjens Carla M.J. , Yu Yijing , Diamandis Eleftherios P.
Published: December 2018

Background: Cervical-vaginal fluid (CVF) hydrates the mucosa of the lower female reproductive tract and is known to contain numerous proteases. The low pH of CVF (4.5 or below in healthy women of reproductive age) is a uniquely human attribute and poses a challenge for the proteolytic functioning of the proteases identified in this complex biological fluid. Despite the abundance of certain proteases in CVF, the proteolytic activity and function of proteases in CVF is not well characterized.

Methods: In the present study, we employed fluorogenic substrate screening to investigate the influence of pH and inhibitory compounds on the proteolytic activity in CVF. Activity-based probe (ABP) proteomics has evolved as a powerful tool to investigate active proteases within complex proteomes and a trypsin-specific ABP was used to identify active proteases in CVF.

Results: Serine proteases are among the most abundant proteins in the CVF proteome. Labeling human CVF samples with the trypsin-specific ABP revealed serine proteases transmembrane protein serine 11D and kallikrein-related peptidase 13 as active proteases in CVF. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the proteolytic activity in CVF is highly pH-dependent with an almost absolute inhibition of trypsin-like proteolytic activity at physiological pH levels.

Conclusions: These findings provide a framework to understand proteolytic activity in CVF. Furthermore, the present results provide clues for a novel regulatory mechanism in which fluctuations in CVF pH have the potential to control the catalytic activity in the lower female reproductive tract.
Accessing DMPA-SC through the public and private sectors in Nigeria: users’ characteristics and their experiences
Authors: Liu Jenny , Shen Jennifer , Schatzkin Eric , Adedeji Olanike , Kongnyuy Eugene , Onuoha Chidinma , Fajemisin Morenike , Ayodeji Kazeem , Omoluabi Elizabeth
Published: December 2018

Background: Beginning in 2015, subcutaneous depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-SC) was added to the contraceptive method mix in Nigeria, primarily through social marketing in the private sector and community-based distribution in the public sector. We compare user experiences in acquiring DMPA-SC across sectors during this national scale-up.

Methods: From October 2017 to February 2018, 459 women (Npublic=235; Nprivate=224) completed a phone survey from a convenience sample of 1,444 women (Npublic=912; Nprivate=532) who obtained DMPA-SC from participating providers and agreed to be contacted. We examined the sociodemographic predictors of attending a public vs. private provider and analyzed differences in care-seeking across sectors (becoming aware of DMPA-SC, choosing a provider, choosing DMPA-SC, quality of care).

Results: Respondents obtaining DMPA-SC from public providers were younger and less educated than those attending private providers. Both program respondents were comprised of similar percentages of new users of modern contraception (58.7-60.3%), although most respondents became aware of DMPA-SC through a friend/family member (43.1%) or a provider (41.5%). Relatively more public sector respondents also heard about DMPA-SC through community outreaches whereas relatively more private sector respondents became aware through media. Convenience was the most common reason for choosing a provider—43.8% among all respondents (higher among public sector respondents). Private sector respondents were also more likely to choose a past or usual provider. Having overall higher quality interactions were more likely among clients who attended private providers than public providers, but responses to individual quality item measures show specific areas of poor quality for providers in each sector.

Conclusions: Training emphasizing technical thoroughness, sensitivity toward younger women, and client choice may help improve women’s experiences with obtaining DMPA-SC, ultimately contributing to accelerating demand for and uptake of DMPA-SC specifically and contraception in general.
How is Multicultural Education Perceived in Elementary Schools in Turkey? A Case Study
Authors: Aslan Serkan
Published: December 2018

This research aims to examine the current situation of multicultural education in elementary schools. Therefore, the views of the classroom teachers on multicultural education have been examined and multicultural education activities have been observed in the classes. Having a case study research method which is considered as one of the qualitative research designs, the study hosts a total of 15 classroom teachers who worked in the province of Elazig during the 2016 and 2017 academic year. The maximum variation sampling method has been used in the research. The research has employed semi-structured interview and observation forms. The research data has been analyzed through content analysis. Research results have revealed that most of the teachers perceive multicultural education as education presented to the individuals with different ethnic identities. Teachers' perceptions towards multicultural education have been identified to be similar in terms of their gender, seniority and educational status. Teachers mostly do student-centred activities related to multicultural education, use drama and case studies in their classes. While practising multicultural education, teachers mostly encounter with student-related problems. The majority of the people have recommended that parents be trained on the relevant subject. Similar results have emerged in the observations made by the researcher. Based on the research findings, several recommendations have been provided. Primary school curricula should be organized taking multicultural education into consideration, and the problems identified by teachers should be eliminated by those concerned.
Colonial States, Colonial Rule, Colonial Governmentalities: Implications for the Study of Historical State Crime
Authors: Brown Mark
Published: December 2018

The colonial state has been an object of intense study and debate among historians and postcolonial scholars. In this special issue, devoted to questions of colonial state crime, I consider the utility of the colonial state as a conceptual and analytic category for state crime scholars. Focusing upon European colonialism in South Asia, the article first examines definitional problems: within what normative parameters might colonial state behaviour be understood and, thus, its transgressions and crimes registered? I then move to consider two contrasting schools of historiography and their difficulties in settling upon some agreed view of how colonizing foreigners connected with indigenous elites and masses to develop and implement strategies of rule. I suggest that the concept of a colonial state, to which culpability for state crimes may be ascribed, is a chimera and of limited use today. Instead, I describe a model of colonial governmentality and, through a case study of mass famine death, illustrate both its strengths and weaknesses for making sense of how such tragedies occurred and thus how insights from the historical field might improve our understanding of modern and postcolonial states today.
Criminology's Time: Settler Colonialism and the Temporality of Harm at the Assiniboia Residential School in Winnipeg, Canada, 1958–1973
Authors: Woolford Andrew , Hounslow Wanda
Published: December 2018

This article examines the delimiting role time plays in criminological research, especially with respect to historical studies related to genocide in a settler-colonial context. In short, we argue that criminological temporalities often exclude forms of collective destruction defined by a more complicated duration or scope. We do this through investigation of Canada's residential school system, with specific attention to a single Indian Residential School (IRS) within this system, the Assiniboia Residential School (ARS) in Winnipeg. Assiniboia was different than other residential schools in Canada because, despite playing a role in Indigenous assimilation, students experienced more freedom and less abuse than was characteristic of other schools. We argue that grappling with an institution such as Assiniboia, as part of an experience of state crime, requires that the notion of crime as a temporal event, or as the outcome of a linear criminogenic process, be challenged and opened to concepts of time that are pulsating, uneven and persistent within a broader settler-colonial mesh.
A Criminal Commodity Consensus: The Coloniality of State Power, State Crime and the Transformation of Property Relations in Mexico
Authors: Jenss Alke
Published: December 2018

Mexican human rights organizations accuse the Mexican military and federal police of having taken part in tens of thousands of forced disappearances in the last decade. Curiously, the regions in which people disappear are also sites of displacement and changing patterns of land tenure and production. Yet, property relations are seldom a topic of studies on illegal state activities. Through a state theory lens, including Aníbal Quijano's notion of coloniality of power, this article examines conflicts between private property and communal land tenure such asejidosin Mexico, as two different property regimes. The article aims to show how the state ensemble not only removes legal protection for communal tenure but also mobilizes legal as well as illegal means to force the change of communal lands into private property. Beyond that, the article also aims to show how these changes in land tenure regulation intersect with the Mexican War on Drugs.
Colonial State Crimes and the CARICOM Mobilization for Reparation and Justice
Authors: Atiles-Osoria José
Published: December 2018

Colonial rule in the Caribbean was based on the normalization, legalization and naturalization of violence, genocide, slavery, torture, dispossession and plunder, to the point that the victims of these colonial state crimes and their descendants continue to suffer the consequences. This article has a twofold aim: firstly, it discusses the Caribbean experiences with colonial state crimes and secondly, it analyses the Caribbean Community and Common Market's (CARICOM's) mobilization for reparations for the harm caused by the violence of colonialism and slavery as an example of decolonial justice. To accomplish this, a threefold analysis is conducted: (1) an exposition of the concept of colonial state crimes from a Caribbean perspective, (2) a brief depiction of the colonization and enslavement processes in the Caribbean and (3) a discussion of the CARICOM mobilization for reparations and justice. Thus, this article aims to initiate a debate on the importance of revisiting state crimes in colonial contexts and their continuity in the present.
Addressing Colonial Crimes Through Reparations: The Mau Mau, Herero and Nama
Authors: Paulose Regina Menachery , Rogo Ronald Gordon
Published: December 2018

Britain and Germany had expansive colonial agendas in Africa from the mid to late 1800s, and both the British authorities in Kenya and the German authorities in Namibia were responsible for the commission of state crimes. This article explores reparations for state crimes committed during the colonial period and specifically examines how reparations should be afforded for crimes committed during colonization given the length of time that has passed. The authors focus on the cases of the Mau Mau and the Herero and Nama peoples and discuss present-day litigation and movements that have arisen from the commission of state crimes against these groups. The current framework for reparations is discussed, and a holistic and balanced formula that should be applied for those seeking justice for these state crimes is outlined.
The Minutes of Evidence Project: “Doing Structural Justice”
Authors: Balint Jennifer , Brown Lilly , Dullard Caitlin , Evans Julie , McMillan Nesam , McMillan Mark
Published: December 2018

None
The profile of codon 200 β-tubulin gene of Ascaris lumbricoides L. and Trichuris trichiura L. from infected people in Nangapanda Sub-district, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Yuliana Yuliana , Djuardi Yenny , Supali Taniawati
Published: December 2018

Background: The mass administration of anthelmintic such as albendazole is one of the strategies for eliminating soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection. The widespread and long-term use of anthelmintics can cause resistance. The research on animals shows that factor that the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) codon 200 β-tubulin gene of the worms is one of the factors that can cause the decreased efficacy of anthelmintics. This study aimed to determine the bases of codon 200 in A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura, which infect the people in Nangapanda, East Nusa Tenggara.Methods: The worm samples were obtained from the intestinal helminth-infected patients from Nangapanda Sub-district. The DNA from the worm tissues were isolated, amplificated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sequenced. The sequencing results were aligned to the reference sequence to obtain the codon bases in the 200 β-tubulin gene.Results: TTC constitute the codon bases in the 200 β-tubulin gene found in two A. lumbricoides and one T. trichiura.Conclusion: The SNP codon 200 β-tubulin gene was absent in A. lumbricoides or T. trichiura worms that were examined in this study.
Total serum IgE levels among adults patients with intermittent and persistent allergic asthmas
Authors: Rengganis Iris , Rambe Dirga S. , Rumende Cleopas M. , Abdullah Murdani
Published: December 2018

Background: Obesity with knee osteoarthritis (OA) is related to chronic pain causing physical inactivity that leads to decreased cardiorespiratory endurance and quality of life. Aquatic and land-based exercises are effective in improving physical activity. The aim of this study is to compare between aquatic and land-based exercise to improve cardiorespiratory endurance and quality of life in obese patients with knee osteoarthritis.Methods: A single-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted on thirty-three obese patients with knee OA who visited Obesity Clinic of Medical Rehabilitation Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, from October 2016 to January 2017, subjects were divided into aquatic or land-based exercise group. Aerobic and knee-strengthening exercises were given. Cardiorespiratory endurance was assessed using the Borg Scale, whereas both the BORG CR-10 and SF-36 questionnaires were used to assess quality of life.Results: After intervention, there were significant improvements in the land-based exercise group in the rating of perceived exertion (p=0.02), role limitations due to physical health (p=0.024), role limitations due to emotional problems (p=0.041), energy/fatigue (p=0.016), and the decline in pain (p=0.049) parameters. While in the aquatic exercise, there were significant improvements in leg fatigue (p=0.016), energy/fatigue (p=0.025), emotional well-being (p<0.001), and general health (p=0.045) parameters. Despite this, there were no significant differences between two groups regarding cardiorespiratory endurance and quality of life.Conclusion: This study found that patients could start aquatic exercise to reduce leg fatigue and enhance general health and energy. After that, exercise could be continued in land-based settings to improve cardiorespiratory endurance and quality of life.
Effective and safe pharmacotherapy for pediatric population: a call for academia to conduct clinical research
Authors: Louisa Melva
Published: December 2018

[no abstract available]
DNAren nanoteknologia eta materia aktiboaren auto-antolakuntza
Authors: Santiago Ibon
Published: December 2018

DNA material bikaina da nano-egiturak eraikitzeko. Garrantzi genetikoaz gaindi, azido nukleikoak nano-teknologiarako eraikuntza material programagarriak dira. «DNA Origami» eta «DNA bricks» (adreiluak) DNA nano-teknologiaren bidez sorturiko adibide nagusiak dira. DNA molekula itsaskorra ere bada, eta base-parekatzeari esker nano-partikulen arteko interakzioa kontrola daiteke, adibidez «DNA nano-loreak» sortuz. Lan honek DNA nano-teknologiaren teknika desberdinak aurkeztu eta materia aktiboarekin lotzen ditu. Materia aktiboa erregaia kontsumituz orekatik kanpo mantentzen diren material mugikorrak dira. Hemen, DNA bidez auto-antolatutako nano-egiturak aurkezten ditugu, nano-motor katalitikoen laguntzarekin higitzen direnak. Ikerketa hau nano-eskalako garraio kontrolatua lortzeko aurrerapausoa da.
Soinua, zarata, musika: argi al daude mugak?
Authors: Urdanpilleta Landaribar Marta
Published: December 2018

Zure bizilagun gaztearen motorrak ez al zaitu lasai jaten uzten? Etxe azpiko tabernarekin ezin al duzu lo egin? Ez al duzu zure bikotekidearen solasa jatetxe batean ulertzen, ondoan badago ere? Zaratarengatik dela ados egongo ginateke guztiok. Halere, zarataren mugak ez dira horren argiak: zuri musika iruditzen zaizuna, zure amonarentzat zarata hutsa izan daiteke. —«Itzal ezak/ezan irrati hori, arraio! Buruko mina besterik ez zidak/zidan ematen zarata horrek!»— entzungo zenuen noizbait, beharbada, gaztetan. Ikusiko dugun bezala, batzuetan ez da erraza soinua, zarata eta musikaren arteko mugak ondo zehaztea.
Erloju zirkadianoak: zer diren, nola funtzionatzen duten eta zergatik diren garrantzitsuak
Authors: Zaldibar Aranburu Beñat
Published: December 2018

Lurrean dauden organismoek denboraren kontrola mantentzeko sistema endogenoak garatu dituzte, hainbat prozesu fisiologiko zein portaerazkoak sinkronizatzen dituztenak. Sistema hauei erritmo edo erloju zirkadianoak deritze, eta haien mekanismo molekularra deskribatzeak eta ulertzeak berebiziko garrantzia izan du biologiaren eta medikuntzaren munduan azkeneko hamarkadetan. Erloju zirkadianoek nola funtzionatzen duten eta haietan asaldurak gertatzen direnean nolako arazo eta gaixotasunak gertatzen diren azaltzea gero eta garrantzi handiagoa hartzen ari da. Izan ere, gaur egun dauden hainbat arazo (gizentasuna, gaixotasun kardiobaskularrak, minbizia...) modu zuzen edo ez-zuzen batean erlazionaturik daude erloju zirkadianoekin.
Politika, logika eta maitasuna
Authors: Korta Kepa
Published: December 2018

Testu hau hitzaurre bat baino ez da, esku artean duzun Gogoaren ale berezi honen aurkezpena. Alea, osorik, Jesus Mari Larrazabal EHUko Logikako katedradun ohiari eskainia da, esker onez, bere 70. urtebetetzean opari, EHUtik erretiroa hartu eta urtebete pasatxora. Bestela esanda, akademian Festschrift esan ohi zaion hori da. Alearen egitura eta edukiak aurkezten hasi aurretik, hala ere, pertsona aurkeztea komeni da akaso.
Euler zirkuluen erabilera intentsionalak silogistika kategorikorako
Authors: Coterón Ibon
Published: December 2018

Artikulu honetan proposatuko ditut intentsionalki interpreta daitezkeen Euler zirkuluen sistema bi. Ikusiko denez, sistemok zehatz-mehatz egokitzen dira Aristotelesen jatorrizko sistemarekin eta modu artezean eta intuitiboan irudikatzen dute onartze existentziala, zeina zenbait modu silogistikok baliodun izateko behar duten. Aldi berean, proposizio partikularren irudikatzeetara ere hedatzen da proposizio unibertsalen eulertar irudikatzeek duten jatorrizko intuitibotasuna, zeren eta alboratu egiten baitira zirkuluak ebakitzea eta existitzen diren izakiak ad hoc markatzea.
Emozio positiboak: alde argiak eta alde ilunak
Authors: Huizi Pello
Published: December 2018

Emozio positiboen alde argi eta alde ilunak aztertzea da lan honen helburua. Hori dela eta, aurrena emozio positiboen eta emozio negatiboen arteko ezberdintasunak aurkezten ditut, baita emozio positiboei buruzko ikerketari eskaini izan zaion lekua ere psikologiaren historian. Emozio positiboen eta negatiboen arteko aldeak direla eta, “balentzia” kontzeptuaren garrantziaz eta esanahiaz hitz egiten dut. Emozio positiboen alde argiei dagokienez, ikertzaileek arreta handiz aztertutako hiru arlo hartzen ditut kontuan: emozio positiboen eta osasunaren (eta longebitatearen) arteko lotura, emozio positiboaren eta kognizioaren artekoa eta emozio positiboaren eta pertsona arteko harremanen arteko lotura. Emozio positiboen alde ilunei dagokienez, ikertzaileek aurkitu dituzten emozio positibo batzuen, gehien aztertu direnen, ondorio negatiboen berri ematen dut. Gruber eta Purcellek (2015), emozio positiboek izan ditzaketen emaitza txar motak laburbildu nahian, proposatzen dituzten sei sail edo multzo nagusien aurkezpen laburra eginez bukatzen dut artikulua.
Nazio kulturalaz ohar zenbait
Authors: Iztueta Paulo
Published: December 2018

Euskal Herria —euskararen herria— nazio etniko eta kulturala eta, aldi berean, zibikoa ere badela enuntziatu eta, besteak beste, Todorov, Artaud, Rousseau, Connor eta Tonniesek diotenaren argitan mugatu ondoren, ethnosen eta demosen arteko bereizketa zertan datzan zehazten da lan honetan. Ethnosek herri-subiranotasuna du iturri; demosek, aldiz, hiri-subiranotasuna. Biak gauzatzen dira komunitate politiko batean, nola estatuak eraikitako nazio asmatuan hala estaturik gabeko nazio historiko batean. Bi kontzeptu horiek zein neurritan diren bateragarriak, zeinetan ez, da arazoa, batez ere, gizarte-fenomenoen transbertsalitateak herrien autodeterminatzeko eskubidetik hiritarren erabakitzeko eskubiderako jauzia eman duen une historiko honetan. Arazo hau agerikoa da beren estatu edo errepublika independentea eraiki nahi duten Euskal Herriaren eta Kataluniaren kasuan. Hiritartasunak bere erroak estatuan ditu. Eta estatuak, bere lurralde-batasuna arriskuan ikusten duenean, nazio menperatuetan bi komunitateren arteko mamua pizten du. Ondorioetan, eraikitzear dagoen Euskal Herri independente batean, ezinbesteko oinarritzat jotzen dira, besteak beste, euskararen berreskurapena eta lurralde-batasuna. Eta, bide batez, estatu-nazioak krisian sartuta daudela eta askapen nazionalak goraka doazela gogoratzen da. Europan XX. mende hasieran 24 estatu ziren eta egun 50etik gora dira.
Egiazko (in)dependentziez: energiaren ikuspegia Hego Euskal Herrian
Authors: Ulazia Alain , Penalba Markel
Published: December 2018

Lan honetan Gogoaren aurreko ale batean Ulaziak (2016) hasitako bideari jarraitzen diogu, sistema-energetikaren, ekosofiaren eta jasangarritasunaren oinarri filosofikoak argitu eta gero, Euskal Herriaren burujabetza energetikorako estrategia pragmatiko baten fundamentuak ezartzeko. Erredukzionista izan nahi gabe, energiaren arazoaren garrantzia nabarmentzen dugu hasieran; izan ere, herri baten egiazko (in)dependentziari buruzko eztabaidan, oro har, aipatzen dena baino garrantzizkoagoa da energia, eta horren lekuko dira artikuluan aipatzen diren zenbait adibide geopolitiko. Danimarkako egoera eta Lunden lana erreferentzia gisara hartuta, Euskal Herrirako plan estrategiko baten oinarrien eta ereduen arteko konparaketa egingo dugu; horrela, EAEren eta Nafarroa Garaiaren egungo energiaren sorkuntza eta kontsumo-datuak aintzat hartuta. Energia berriztagarrien aparteko eskasia nabarmentzen da egin den ikerketan, eta horixe da, hain zuzen, herri baten garapena jasangarria dela esateko ezinbesteko baldintzetako bat. Beraz, emaitza enpirikook frogatzen dutenez, independentziari buruzko edozein debate hutsala da, debate horrek energia berriztagarrien inplementazio lokalaren eta bananduaren (deszentralizatuaren) gaia mahaigaineratzen ez badu.