bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles and Aqueous Almond Extract on Isolated Bacteria
Authors: Ahmed Wissam D. , Zahrawi Hashem M. , Jassim Muhammad A.
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted in the laboratories of the University of Tikrit / College of Agricultural Sciences / Department of Food Industries. The study began in the period 1/10/2022 to 1/6/2023. The study included the preparation of a biofilm of whey proteins combined with selenium nanoparticles (2 w/%) and (4) w/v%) as a coating of biocomposites to estimate the antibacterial effect against both Staphylococcus aureus and E.coli, and the total bacterial count (TBC) in soft cheese samples stored in the refrigerator at 4 °C during 14 days. To reach the goal of the study, the chemical parameters such as the pH value and the physical information that includes the water holding capacity (WHC), as well as the total number of bacteria and colon. In addition to the sensory properties of soft cheese samples without coating (control T1), coated with a biofilm of whey proteins T2, whey protein coatings mixed with selenium nanoparticles (2 w/v %) T3, whey protein coatings mixed with aqueous almond extract at (2 w/v %) T4, whey protein coatings mixed with Se NPs with aqueous almond extract at (2 w/v %) %) T5 The results showed that TBC and the total number of coliforms in samples coated with the mixture of whey proteins and nano-biofilms decreased significantly (P < 0.05), and TBC appeared in 14 days in T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5: 16.34, 15.12, 13.58, 11.28, and 12.84 (CFU.g-1) respectively compared to the number at the beginning of the experiment 8.6 9, 8.80, 8.87, 8.74, and 8.81 (CFU.g-1), respectively. An increase in the amount of ph and the value of TBA was observed with an increase in the storage period in all groups of soft cheese samples, while the rate of increase was significantly lower in the T5, T4 and T3 groups compared to the T2 and T1 groups. The percentage of water retention (WHC) decreased significantly with the increase in the storage period, and the decreasing rate was significantly less in the samples coated with a vital membrane of the spray proteins only and a vital membrane of the spray proteins integrated with the nano-selenium particles, which appeared in 14 days of storage in T2, T3, T4, T5 55.41, 56.71, 58.46 and 57.11 % Completely compared to the T1 53.32 % console. She was. The results of the sensory characteristics evaluation showed that the soft cheese samples coated with whey protein coatings combined with selenium nanoparticles and aqueous almond extract preserved their sensory properties until the end of the storage periods. Similarly, samples coated with a whey protein biofilm for nine days maintained their sensory characteristics. In contrast, the unwrapped samples maintained sensory features for only four days. It was concluded that the antibacterial and antioxidant effect of the mixture of biowhey proteins with selenium nanoparticles and aqueous almond extract enhanced the increase in the preservation periods of soft cheese samples for a period of 14 days inside the refrigerator at 4 °C without any effect on the sensory properties.
Influence of Multiple Deep-Frying Cycles on the Characteristics of Corn Oil and Acrylamide Content in French Fries
Authors: Ahmed Zahraa Adil , Mohammed Nameer Khairullah
Published: December 2023

Reusing oil in deep-frying is a common practice in homes and restaurants, with little knowledge of its negative effects. The present study investigated the physicochemical properties of corn oil (CO) and acrylamide content (AA) in French fries during four deep-frying cycles. Results revealed that the lowest level of AA contamination was 24.65 ppm during the first frying cycle, while the highest level was 55.91 ppm after four frying cycles, indicating increased acrylamide formation. Repeated frying led to detrimental changes in CO, including significant increased peroxide value, acid value, free fatty acids, viscosity, and density, decreased smoking point, and iodine number, signifying reduced thermal stability and unsaturation level. DPPH assay showed antioxidant activity decreased from 41.51 to 23.41, while TFC decreased from 20.29 to 15.02 and TPC decreased from 14.85 to 3.97 after four frying cycles, indicating the declining quality of CO after reusing it in the deep-frying method.
Assessment of Rheological and Sensory Attributes of Queso Blanco Cheese Coated with Aloe Vera Gel
Authors: Alhamid Mohanad Abbood , Al-Shaikh Sharaf Ali Hadi , Obaid Shaymaa Mohammed , Salman Khawlah Abdallah
Published: December 2023

The study carried out to coat Queso Blanco cheese with Aloe Vera gel (AVG) and evaluate its physicochemical and sensory characteristics. The acid method was used to manufacture the cheese from skimmed milk (Al-Mudhish) QM1 and full-fat milk (Anchor) QA1 for control treatments. Whereas the cheese was coated with AVG for QM2 and QA2, respectively. An increase in the yield in QA1 (14.33 %) and QA2 (14.30%) in comparison to QM1 and QM2, which were 13.47 and 13.53%, respectively. Evaporation during the storage period was reduced in chess coating AVG. Consequently, the moisture content during the third week was 54.70 and 49.70% in QM2 and QA2, respectively, compared with 51.57 and 48.20% in QM1 and QA1, respectively. As a result, during the first week after manufacturing, the composition of the various coated cheese types remained relatively constant. Furthermore, after three weeks of storage, the AVG-coated QM2 and QA2 treatments had the highest evaluator acceptability, as they recorded 87.92, 86.15, respectively, compared with the control QM1, QA1, which were 74.23, 68.92 respectively. This specifies that coating the cheese with AVG assisted in maintaining its natural state during the storage period.
Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Soybean Bioactive Peptides and Vitamin E on Productive Performance and Some Carcass Characteristics in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Sa’adoon Waleed H. , Abbas Rabia J.
Published: December 2023

This study aimed at evaluating productive performance and some carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed feeds containing different levels of soybean bioactive peptide (SBP), and vitamin E. 180 Ross-308 broiler chicks were divided equally into five treatments, each replicated three times, and twelve unsexed chicks were placed in each replicate in a completely randomized design. For a 35-day trial period, the basal diet was either supplied without supplements (control group), or it was supplemented with SBP at 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 g/kg diet, or with vitamin E at 250 mg/kg feed. Results indicated that body weights at different ages were significantly (p≤0.05) higher in SBP groups during 2nd week (except 2.5 g/kg SBP), 3rd week, 4th week, and 5th week as compared with control and vitamin E groups. Gain in total body weight, ratio of feed conversion, and production index were improved significantly (P≤0.05) in SBP compared to other groups. The economic efficiency improved in the SBP and the vitamin E group than in control group. Feed intake, mortality rate, carcass yield, total giblets, total edible parts, liver, and heart yield were similar among groups. The highest (P≤0.05) carcass weight and breast yield were observed in the SBP than in other groups, while the gizzard relative weight in the vitamin E group achieved the highest significant value (3.22 %) as compared with SBP and control groups. Significant effect among treatment was observed in thigh yield. In compared to the control, 5 (g/kg) SBP showed the lowest (P≤0.05) abdominal fat percentage. The current findings suggested that the supplementation of broiler diets with SBP improved productive performance and some carcass traits.
The Role of Dietary Proteins During Infection with Covid-19 and the Effect of Infection on the Balance of Oral Microbiota in Different Regions of Iraq
Authors: Khashan Bilal A. , Thalij Karkaz M. , Yaseen A. A.
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Life Sciences - College of Sciences - Tikrit University and laboratories of the Department of Food Sciences - College of Agriculture - University of Anbar and public health laboratories - Anbar for the period from December 2021 to February 2022 AD. The study included 150 people from three Iraqi governorates (Baghdad, Anbar, and Erbil). (30 infected people and 20 healthy people from each governorate, with ages ranging from 18-80 years, randomly, men and women. The results of the blood biochemical parameters values when infected with the SARS-COV2 virus showed a significant decrease at the probability level (p<0.05) in the concentration of albumin in the group of patients who were in quarantine and using artificial respiration, compared with the group of patients outside the quarantine and the healthy group from the mentioned governorates. The concentrations are 26.3, 30.4, and 34.7 (g/l). It also caused a significant decrease in the total protein and albumin concentration in all patients compared to the healthy subjects. In contrast, globulin concentration decreased slightly to be close to its value in the healthy group. Cultural, phenotypic, biochemical, and confirmatory tests through the Vitec2 compact diagnostic system showed that oral bacterial isolates purified from patients in the three provinces were Gram-positive Staphylococcus and Enterococcus versus four Gram-negative genera: Sphingomonas, Rhizobium, Aeromonas, and Ochrobactrum, compared with isolates purified from healthy subjects, which belongs to four genera of Gram-positive Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Kocuria, and Leuconostoc, and one genus of Gram-negative Pseudomonas.
Synergistic Effect of ZnO NPs and Salicylic Acid on Carbohydrate and Protein of Wheat Plant (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Sabbar Fatima Hassan , Ali Faiq Hassan
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study, Economic feasibility of using available materials, inexpensive and environmentally friendly as fertilizers for wheat plants. also, Increasing wheat yield by improving the overall vegetative and physiological characteristics. The experiment was for the wheat plant cultivars utilizing two types, Abaa 99 and Abo graib. plants sprayed with three different concentrations of ZnONPs & SA (0, 50, 75, and 100) ppm in three different Treatments T1 foliar spraying SA, T2 foliar spraying ZnoNPS, and T3 foliar spraying SA & ZnoNP. The results showed the best effect of T3 at75 ppm on the carbohydrate and protein, of plants on abaa99 cultivar. On the other hand T1 (foliar spraying SA only) display Better effect on on both cultivars. while, T3 at 100 ppm show less effects on both cultivars compared to the control treatment,
The Effect of Using a Local Solution of Potassium Iodide and Sodium Chloride on the Microbial Properties and Prolonging the Shelf Life of Frozen Chicken Meat
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed T. , Nizal Ahmed A.
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of vitrification using sodium chloride salt and potassium iodide at a concentration of 2% on some physical, chemical, bacterial and sensory characteristics of chicken thigh and breast meat and frozen stock for periods of 1, 30 and 60 days. The total number of bacteria in the thigh muscles, where the results of the study recorded that the highest value recorded for the total number of aerobic bacteria (173.35 and 177.25) log/g in each of the thigh and chicken breast samples studied in the control treatment, while the results of the study showed that there was no contamination in the total number of aerobic bacteria in Each of the studied chicken breast and thigh samples treated with a 2% potassium iodide solution and 2% table salt with advanced storage periods. %) The average effect of the treatments recorded the highest two values (104.81 and 97.89) log/mg in each of the control sample and distilled water compared to the meat sample treated with 2% potassium iodide solution and 2% table salt, which did not indicate bacterial contamination in all the studied meat samples. The results of the study recorded the presence of coliform contamination in each of the thigh and chest muscles in the control treatment at different storage stages. Distilled water also recorded significant differences in the values of contamination of coliform bacteria with the progression of storage stages, as it recorded the highest value (40.04 and 32.89) logarithm at the last day of storage compared to On the first day of storage, when the values of the total number of coliform bacteria reached (35.86 and 24.89) logarithms in the thigh and breast sample of the studied chickens, respectively, while no results were recorded for the presence of an indicator of coliform bacteria in the meat samples treated with potassium iodide solutions (2% and table salt 2%) ), the number of coliform bacteria was not detected in chicken breast and thigh meat treated with table salt and potassium iodide.
Effect of Polymorphism of the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone I (GnRHI) Gene on some Productive Traits of Iraqi white Local Chickens
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Karrar S. O. , Al-Rekabi Muhannad M. J. , Allaw Ahmed A.
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted in the poultry field of the Ministry of Science and Technology / Livestock and Fisheries Center / Poultry Department. In order to study the effect of polymorphisms of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone I gene (GnRH I) and a study of the possibility of the effect of this gene on the growth and productive traits of the local white Iraqi chicken birds, and the results showed that the two genetic morphologies S1 and S2 were superior to the genetic morphology S3 in each trait, the average weight of the first egg. Body weight at sexual maturity, age at maturity, and egg production for a period of 100 days at a significant level (P > 0.01), while no significant differences were recorded between the two genotypes S1 and S2 in each of the above traits. The average weight of the first egg was 33.85, 33.14 for each of the two genotypes S1 and S2, while it was 30.22 for the genotype S3, and the average body weight at sexual maturity and the number of eggs produced for 100 days for the genotype S1 was 1395.18g, 54 eggs and 1369.36 g, 52.74 eggs of the S2 genotype, which excelled on the S3 genotype, in which the average traits were 1230.57 g, 43.89 eggs. As for the trait of age at sexual maturity, it is noted from the table that the S3 genetic morphology was distinguished in the characteristic of early age at sexual maturity, reaching 127.58 days for the S3 morphology, while the rates of the trait for the S1 and S2 morphogenesis were 148.82, 147.83 days, respectively.
Effect of Leptin and Erythropoietin Concentration Levels on the Productive Traits on a Sample of Awassi Sheep
Authors: Abd-Alhusain D. A. , Mohammed T. R. , Al-Anbari N.N.
Published: December 2023

The most interesting results were obtained when studying the Iraqi Awassi female sheep for leptin and erythropoietin. Leptin hormone concentrations the ewes were divided into three groups according to the levels of leptin and erythropoietin concentrations, low, medium and high, as well as progesterone and estrogen concentrations, increase in ewes with medium leptin concentrations. Leptin concentration had no effect on fertility rate, but twins rates increased in ewes with medium leptin concentration. Dams milk components increased with high level of leptin, while other components remained unchanged. Similarly, erythropoietin concentration and progesterone level were linked to ewes fertility, with the highest progesterone value being 0.29 in medium ewes.
Effect of Melatonin Implantation on Sexual Behavior and some of Semen Quality of Iraqi Buffalo Bulls
Authors: Nsaif Z. M. , Eidan S. M.
Published: December 2023

This study investigated the effect of melatonin implantation on sexual behavior and some aspects of the semen quality of buffalo bulls. Nine buffalo bulls had divided into three groups (3/group). The first group was the control group (C1). The buffalo bulls were implanted with melatonin hormone in the second (72 mg; C2) and third (90 mg; T3) groups under the skin of the left ear base and repeated one month after the first implantation. Semen was collected for 14 weeks and evaluated weekly. The first amount of time was lower in the C3 group than in the C2 and C1 groups. Semen volume at 2nd ejaculation was higher (P<0.05) in the C3 group than in other groups. Mass activity and motility increased in the C3 group compared to the C2 and C1 groups at different ejaculation times. The melatonin implantation (90 mg) can improve the semen quality of Iraqi bulls which in turn enhancing the reproductive performance, conception rate of female buffalo and increasing the artificial insemination productivity and owner’s income.
Replacing Soybean Meal with Azolla Plant as a Source of Protein on Performance of Iraqi Awassi Lambs
Authors: Abbas Yas Khudhair , Mohanned Sundos Farook
Published: December 2023

This study was executed in the animal field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences at the University of Baghdad from November 15, 2022, to January 1, 2023. It was preceded by a 14-day trial period using 20 Awassi male lambs, whose ages ranged from 3.5 to 4 months. Moreover, starting with 18 to 19 kg. They were divided into four treatments at random: T1, which contained 6% soybeans and no azolla plant; T2, which contained 4% soybeans and 4% dry azolla plant; T3, which contained 2% soybeans and 8% dry azolla plant; and T4, which contained 12% dry azolla plant The results showed that there was a significant difference (p>0.05) in the daily and total weight gain as well as the digestion coefficient for some of the digested nutrients. Treatment T4 performed better than the other treatments in terms of increasing daily and total weight, while treatments T1 and T3 did not differ from each other The table of total nutrients digested and the field digestion coefficient did not change between the treatments T1 and 3T, which were better than treatment T2. There was no difference between treatment T1 and T3, which was superior to treatment T2, and there was a significant rise (P 0.05) for crude fiber and ether extract in treatment T4. The study found that adding 12% more Azolla plant to soybean meal resulted in the best weight growth and the highest digestibility of crude fiber and ether extract.
Relationship of DIO2 Gene with Productive Traits in Awassi Sheep in Thi-Qar Governorate
Authors: Jari Adnan Faris , Salim Abdullah Hameed
Published: December 2023

The research included 59 animals from the local Awassi sheep at the Sheep and Goats Research Station, in Al-Shatrah district, north of Thi Qar Governorate, Thi Qar Agriculture Directorate, from 20/10/2022 to 10/2/2023, to study the effect of the genotypes of the G>C.164 mutation on body dimensions and wool characteristics in local Awassi sheep. The study included measuring the characteristics of body dimensions (body length, front height, rear height, breast circumference and breast width), wool characteristics (staple length, fiber length and fiber diameter), by studying the nucleotide sequence (Sequencing) on the target genetic segment. The size of 350 base pairs was found to be located in exon 2 of the DIO2 gene in the local Awassi sheep sample. The presence of the C>G mutation at site 164, which is a missense mutation that changes the amino acid Proline (P) to Alanine (A), by calculating the allelic frequency, it was found that the C allele was significantly superior to the G allele in the G>C. 164 mutation, two genotypes (CC and CG) were found to have a significant correlation with most of the studied traits, except for fiber diameter. The highly significant superiority of the hybrid genotype CG in the G>C.164 mutant was observed in body length, front and hind height, breast circumference and breast width compared to the wild CC genotype. The wild genotype CC was significantly superior in staple length and fiber length in the same mutant.
The Interaction Between GDF9 Gene Polymorphism and Age Groups on the in Vitro Maturation of Awassi Sheep Oocytes
Authors: Hassooni Hadi Awad , Zamit Hamood Hatif
Published: December 2023

The study was conducted in the graduate laboratory of the Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, from 20/11/2022 to 22/3/2023, it included the collection of ovaries from the female reproductive organs of sheep slaughtered in the Samawa massacre, transferring them immediately after slaughter to the laboratory for the purpose of extracting Oocytes from the ovaries, subject to laboratory maturing using culture media for mature, Molecular investigations were completed at the Marshes Research Laboratory of Thi Qar University, for the purpose of isolation and purification of DNA, with the aim of finding genetic formations and the relationship between genotypes, morphological characteristics, and the ability to mature in the Awassi sheep Oocytes. Oocytes of Awassi sheep were collected by Oocyte aspiration method, then they were classified and examined for their vitality. The results indicated that there were no significant differences between animals carrying the three genotypes resulting from this mutation at position 205 of the studied segment of the GDF9 gene with damaged, immature and mature Oocytes, with no significant effect between the age groups of animals carrying the three genotypes resulting from this mutation at position 205 of the studied segment of the GDF9 gene with damaged, immature and mature Oocytes.
Study the Leptin Gene Polymorphism and its Relationship with a Number of Carcass Traits in Iraqi Sheep
Authors: Abdali Najla’a Abdalamyr , Salim Abdullah Hameed
Published: December 2023

The study was conducted on a group of local sheep in the Suq Al-Shuyukh district, south of Thi-Qar province. It included the slaughter of 48 animals in a butcher shop. The aim of the study was to determine the genotypes of the leptin gene using nucleotide sequencing technology and its relationship with a number of carcass traits in local sheep. Through the nucleotide sequencing of the targeted genetic segment of the leptin gene (471 bp) in local sheep, it was found that there was one mutation at position 311 within the studied region of the leptin gene. This mutation resulted in the change of the nitrogen base G to T, leading to the substitution of the amino acid valine with leucine. The variation (mutation) occurred in exon 3 at amino acid position 95. Therefore, this mutation is considered a missense mutation and appeared in three genetic patterns: GG, GT, and TT, with distribution ratios as follows: the highest distribution was for the hybrid genotype (GT), followed by the genotype GG and TT. Most of the studied traits did not show significant differences between the three genotypes of the targeted genetic segment of the leptin gene, except for the significant superiority (P<0.01) of sheep with the hybrid genotype (GT) in the carcass diameter trait and the significant superiority (P<0.01) of sheep with the mutant genotype (TT) in the meat pH trait.
Effect of Different Methods of Using Black Seed (Nigella sativa L.) to the Diet and Drinking Water on Qualitative Egg Traits of Laying Hens Eggs
Authors: Al-Gharawi Jassim Kassim , Al-Zayadi Radhi Ajel Menshid
Published: December 2023

Research on the effect of adding powder, oil, aqueous, and alcoholic solutions of black seed (Nigella sativa), individually, on qualitative egg traits of laying hens eggs was conducted at the Agricultural Research and Experiment Station, Agriculture College, Al-Muthanna University from October 15, 2022, to January 7, 2023. There were a total of 75 laying hens (ISA Brown) employed, and they were all split up into 15 groups of 5. Each treatment’s pens were 3 by 3 metres in size, and the pens were divided into thirds such that each third held 5 hens. These are the methods of treatment: T1 (the control group) received their regular diet with no alterations made. T2: 10% powdered Nigella sativa (black seed) was added to the diet. T3: Incorporate ten percent of an alcoholic extract of black seed (Nigella sativa) into the daily ration of water consumed. T4: Incorporate ten percent of a water-based extract of black seed (Nigella sativa) into your daily water intake. T5: Ten percent oil from black seeds (Nigella sativa) was added to the rations. Our research found that compared to the other experimental treatments, adding alcoholic extract to laying hens’ drinking water resulted in statistically significant increases in shell thickness, relative weight of shell and yolk, yolk and albumin index, and Hough unit, and a statistically significant decrease in the relative weight of the albumin.
The Relationship Between Genotype of DRB1 Gene and some Performance Traits of Iraqi Sheep
Authors: Al-Qargouli Hassan Hatem , Salim Abdullah Hameed
Published: December 2023

The experiment was conducted at the Sheep and Goat Research Station in Al-Shatrah district located in the north of Thi Qar Governorate, Thi Qar Agriculture Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture, Marshlands Research Center, Thi Qar University. It included 59 animals from the ewes of Iraqi sheep (Awassi), to study the relationship between the genotype of the DRB1 gene and some performance traits in Iraqi sheep, where the study included taking some measurements of body dimensions, taking blood samples for the purpose of laboratory examination of the study, included extraction of genetic material and genetic analysis, using PCR technology at the Marshes Research Center at Thi Qar University. The results of the analysis of the nucleotide sequence sequence of the studied genetic segment of the DRB1 gene showed that the mutation T>G.245 was present in the coding regions of the DRB1 gene, occurred in GTT coding for Valine (V) and changed to GGT coding for the amino acid Glycine (G), located at position (82) in the amino acid sequence of the DRB1 gene, this mutation was located in the region of the second exon, where this mutation was considered a missense mutation. It has three genotypes: TT, TG, and GG, by calculating the allelic frequency, there was a highly significant superiority of the T allele (0.53) over the G allele (0.47) in the T>G mutation.245, the genotypes of the mutation T>G.245 of the DRB1 gene, it was found that there were highly significant differences (P≤0.01) in all characteristics under study, such as birth weight and body dimensions, it was found that the effect of some non-genetic factors on the studied traits, namely, the state of pregnancy, the age of the ewes, and the sequence of childbirth, was highly significant (P≤0.01) in all characteristics of the animal’s body dimensions, except for the width of the breast, it was observed that ewes aged 3-4 years outperformed the rest of the ewes compared to other age groups, was the lowest in sheep less than a year old in all traits under study, the regression coefficient of the characteristics of body dimensions on the weight of the animal were not significant except for the regression coefficient of the rear height of the animal on the weight of the animal. All characteristics of body dimensions (body length, frontal height, posterior height, chest width, and chest circumference) showed a highly significant correlation (P≤0.01), positive and high.
Feeding Parents and in ovo Injection Hatching Eggs with Omega-3 Fatty Acid and Sunflower Oil and its Effect on the Physiological Traits of Japanese Quail
Authors: Al-Aboudi Anfal Saud Abdul-Razzaq , Shahid Muhammad Jodi , Al-Gharawi Jassim Kassim
Published: December 2023

It was conducted at the poultry field for the period from 12/20/2021 to 2/14/2022. 540 eggs were distributed to nine experimental and injection treatments (60 eggs per treatment). The experimental treatments for the experiment included the following: T1: negative control (without adding oil). T2: positive control (adding sunflower oil) at a rate of 0.01% to the diet. T3: added 0.01 Omega-3 to the parents diet. T4: The parents were fed omega-3 and the resulting eggs were in ovo injected with omega-3. T5: The parents were fed omega-3 and the resulting eggs were in ovo injected with sunflower oil. T6: The parents were fed with sunflower oil and the resulting eggs were in ovo injected with sunflower oil. T7: The parents were fed with sunflower oil and in ovo injected with Omega-3. T8: The parents were fed free-fed and the resulting eggs in ovo injected with omega-3. T9: The parents were free-fed and the resulting eggs were in ovo injected with sunflower oil. The results of the experiment indicated a significant increase on the number of blood cells (WBC) in the blood of both males and females, with a significant decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin (HGB) compared to the negative and positive control treatments. Feeding Japanese quail parents with in ovo injection of Omega-3 hatching eggs led to a significant increase in the concentration of total protein, albumin and globulin in the blood serum of Japanese quail males. While a significant increase in the concentration of total protein was observed with a significant decrease on the concentration of glucose and cholesterol in the blood serum of Japanese quail females compared to the control treatment.
Effect of Adding Different Levels of Cyperus rotundus Tubers Powder to the Diet on the Physical, Chemical and Oxidation Traits of Broiler Carcasses
Authors: Ali Hala A. M. , Zangana Bushra S.R. , Abdullah Ikram H.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of changing the amount of Alsaad tubers added to the diet on several physical, chemical, and oxidative parameters of broiler carcasses raised at 42 days of age. two hundred and twenty-five unsexed chicks, One day old of the ROSS 308 strain were separated into three replicates (15 chicks/replicate) of each treatment, with 45 chicks per treatment randomly. The chicks were given a control meal containing varying amounts of crushed Alsaad tuber, including 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4%. These are the results: In comparison to the control group, the treatments using Alsaad tubers showed a substantial decrease (P<0.05) in the percentages of liquids lost during cooking, drip loss, and thawing loss as well as a significant improvement in water holding capacity. The chemical characteristics of the Myoglobin, PH, and cholesterol concentration of the carcass chicken for the Alsaad treatments were also shown to have significantly improved when compared to the control group. Additionally, it was noticed that when comparing the Alsaad treatments to the control treatments, there was a substantial decrease in the values of TBA, peroxide number PV, the percentage of free fatty acids (FFA), as well as a decrease in the quantity of total volatile nitrogen (TVN).
Influence of Storage Period, Chitosan Coating and Diluted Acetic Acid Spraying on Hatching and Hatched Chicks Characteristics
Authors: Mohamad Esmat T. , Aljugifi W. I.
Published: December 2023

The present research evaluated the effect of coating hatching eggs with chitosan and sprinkling them with diluted acetic acid on the characteristics of hatching and hatched chicks using 480 eggs from 35-week-old broiler ROSS 308 breeder. The experiment included two variables; firstly, two storage periods (4 days and 14 days), secondly, coating the eggs with chitosan and spraying them with diluted acetic acid on the 18th day of incubation. Each treatment contained sixty eggs, with four replicates of fifteen eggs. The results showed that the factor of storage period and treatment of overall hatching rate increased in T3 significantly better than others. It was observed that the percentage of kidneys and fertilized eggs that hatched decreased as the storage period increased. In addition, plating with chitosan improved the hatching rate, as there was no significant difference between 4 and 14 days of storage with the control treatment, indicating that chitosan improved the hatching rate of fertilised eggs after 14 days of storage. The Spraying of diluted acetic acid to chitosan reduced the percentage of early embryonic fatalities. Concerning priming chicks, chitosan had a negative effect, as the proportion of priming chicks increased substantially in the T3 treatment compared to T1. Moisture loss was increased with the storage period progressed; however, there was no significant difference in the moisture content between T1 and chitosan encapsulation of treatments. Therefore, we conclude from the study that encapsulation with chitosan increased the hatching rate and decreased embryonic mortality in 14-day-old hatching embryos.
Gene Expression of HSP70 Gene when Ascorbic Acid is Added to Broiler Diets Meat and Its Relationship to Meat Quality
Authors: Ali Abeer Salim , Abdulkareem Ali A.
Published: December 2023

This experiment was conducted in the animal production field of the Agricultural Research Station/College of Agriculture and Marshlands/Dhi Qar University for the period from (30/11/2022 to 4/1/2023) for the purpose of studying the gene expression of the HSP 70 heat shock gene when ascorbic acid was added to the diets provided to birds. And the extent of its effect on the quality of meat. In this study, 150 non-sexed Ross 308 birds, one day old, were used in this study. The study included four treatments. Incubation was randomly distributed among the experimental treatments, with three replicates of 12 replicated birds. The treatments were divided on the basis of adding ascorbic acid to the diet without adding it, as well as shedding heat by 2-3 m for a period of 8 hours / day at the normal temperature rate and without heat shedding. The division of treatments began immediately after the second week of the age of the birds. The gene expression level of the HSP70 gene was measured at the age of 21 and 35days, and the sensory evaluation test of the thigh and chest segments was measured at the age of 21. and 35 days The results of the study showed the: 1-The high rate of gene expression of the HSP70 gene in the liver tissue in the T2 treatment exposed to a high temperature negatively affected the quality of meat through conducting a sensory evaluation of the thigh and breast segments, where the evaluation rate decreased in this treatment, which indicates that the relationship is inverse between the rate of the gene HSP70 and average sensory evaluation of the thigh and thoracicseg ments. 2-Adding ascorbic acid at a rate of 1 gm / kg feed to the T4 treatment that was also exposed to high temperature erecorded an increase in the sensory evaluation rate of the thigh and breast segments, which led to an improvement in flavor, taste and tenderness in poultry meat, which indicates that the addition of ascorbic acid has a role in relieving stress Thus decreased, the rate of gene expression of the HSP70 gene.
A Serological Survey and Risk Factors of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Goats in Different Locations in Al-Najaf, Iraq
Authors: Atabi Asaad Chasib Al , Anbagi Nabeel Ahmed Al , Al-Alo Khaleel Zainel Khaleel
Published: December 2023

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is one of the most common causes of respiratory illness in goats globally, resulting in major financial losses. The goal of this Survey was to determine the incidence of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial virus in Al-Najaf goats and the risk factors for this disease. Between December 2021 and November 2022 For this study, 200 goats of various ages and breeds from Al Kufa, Qadisiyia, Hayderia, and Abbasyia in Al-Najaf, Iraq, were tested. The animals’ epidemiological information was recorded. An indirect Elisa test kit was used to establish the disease’s incidence. The incidence of BRSV in goats was 44.5%, and it was substantially higher in Goats aged more than one-year (50.4%). The incidence of BRSV in male and female goats did not vary significantly. Compared to samples taken during the other seasons, those collected in the winter had a significantly higher BRSV incidence. There was a significantly difference in disease infection rate (P≤0.05) among mixed goats compared with others that were not mixed with other specious. The results revealed that the imported animals had a significantly higher prevalence than the native goats. In Conclusion: Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus is predominant in goats from the Al-Najaf province and risk factors such as animal age, herd size, origin, and the herd’s geographical location are related to an increased occurrence of the disease in this region. Routine vaccination plans must be assumed to decrease the incidence of BRSV in goats.
Preserving Stained Fish Specimens in Resin Epoxy
Authors: Ghazwan Muhammad I.
Published: December 2023

In this study, we try to deviate from the traditional methods of preserving fish. The research depends on finding alternative modern methods by which fish bodies can be preserved in a better way and for long periods after conducting some laboratory treatments on the specimens to ensure obtaining clean and clear samples suitable for diagnosis and study, in addition to keeping it in a new, lightweight and elegant form that can give three-dimensional shapes to the specimens. The final specimens were of high quality and unbreakable durability with high clarity and transparency and low manufacturing costs. This study is the first of its kind.
Effect of Different Levels of Brewer’s Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Molasses on some Growth Parameters of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L.
Authors: Mohammed Mariam Jassim , Abd Haider Kadhum , Al-Gharawi Jassim Kassim
Published: December 2023

From October 1, 2022, to December 20, 2023, researchers at the first agricultural research and experiment station in Um Al-Akf, Al-Muthanna Governorate, used a 45-by-35-by-1.5-meter dugout pond located 570 meters from the Euphrates/Atshan River (at the coordinates E 45.189309N, 31.321394) to test the effects of various concentrations of the brewer’s yeast Schizosaccharomy The common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. The experimental parameters were as follows: T0: control diet (without additives). T1: add 0.5 mg brewer’s yeast / kg diet. T2: add 1 mg brewer’s yeast / kg diet. T3: add 1.5 mg molasses / kg diet. T4: add 2 mg molasses / kg diet. T5: add 0.5 mg brewer’s yeast + 1.5 mg molasses / kg diet. T6: add 0.5 mg brewer’s yeast + 2 mg molasses / kg diet. T7: add 1 mg brewer’s yeast + 1.5 mg molasses / kg diet. T8: add 1 mg brewer’s yeast + 2 mg molasses / kg diet. The results indicated that all special treatments, in addition to brewer’s yeast and molasses, significantly improved the growth parameters of carp fish compared to the control treatment. Results were much better with the T3 therapy (addition of 1.5 mg molasses / kg diet) compared to the other experimental treatments.
The Effect of Gum Arabic and Technomus as a Prebiotics on the Growth Parameters of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L.
Authors: Metaab Massar Hussain , Salman Ali Hussain , Al-Gharawi Jassim Kassim
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted at the first agricultural research and experiment station, Agriculture college, Al-Muthanna university, for 85 days, including the localization period (for the period from 25/9/2022 to 20/12/2022), to determine the effect of adding gum Arabic and technomus as a prebiotic to the diet of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) on growth parameters. 162 common carp were used, with an average weight of 75±5 gm per fish, in 27 small tanks (baskets) of 0.107 cubic meters, they were randomly distributed to nine treatments with three replicates (6 fish for each replicate), were as followed: T1: (control treatment; without adding). T2: add 0% technomus with 0.5% gum Arabic to the diet. T3: add 0% technomus with 1.0% gum Arabic to the diet. T4: add 0.5% technomus with 0% gum Arabic to the diet. T5: add 0.5% technomus with 0.5% gum Arabic to the diet. T6: add 0.5% technomus with 1.0% gum Arabic to the diet. T7: add 1.0% technomus with 0% gum Arabic to the diet. T8: add 1.0% technomus with 0.5% gum Arabic to the diet. T9: add 1.0% technomus with 1.0% gum Arabic to the diet. The results showed a significant (P≤0.05) superiority of T8 compare with T1 and T2 treatments on weight gain, final weight, daily weight gain, relative growth rate, and specific growth rate. T7 was significantly superior to control treatment at the same traits.
Effect of Polyculture on Survival Rates and Body Composition of Fish Cultured in Rice Fields
Authors: Ghazi Moataz Faisal , Al-Khashali Muhammad Shaker
Published: December 2023

The study was conducted for the period from 6/7/2022 to 7/12/2022, with the aim of knowing the effect of farming different species of fish in rice fields on survival rates and body composition: moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrates, ash and fiber. The land was divided into four fields planted with rice, Oryza sativa, the area of each field was 100 m2 with dimensions of 10 m × 10 m. After the height of the rice reached 20 cm, the immersion phase began, after which two species of fish were released: the common carp Cyprinus carpio and the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus inside Rice fields, four experimental treatments were used that were cultured with rice and fish at a density of 100 fish/field, with an average initial weight of 100 ± 5 g/fish. The first treatment included the culture of common carp alone, in the second treatment, the grass carp was cultured alone, while in the third treatment the common and grass carp were cultured together by 50 fish each, and in the fourth treatment, the common and grass carp were cultured by 75 and 25 fish, respectively. The results of the statistical analysis of the body composition of common carp and grass carp showed significant differences among the treatments, the T1 recorded the highest percentage of moisture amounting to 74.74%, while the highest percentage of moisture was recorded in T3 which amounted to 73.05%, T3 recorded the highest percentage of protein and amounted to 23.95%, followed by T2 which reached 22.09%, T4 recorded the highest percentage of fat for common carp and grass carp, reaching 5.96% and 5.09%, respectively. With regard to ash, T3 recorded the highest percentage, amounting to 1.36% for common carp fish, while T2 recorded the highest percentage of ash, amounting to 1.52% for grass carp fish. As for carbohydrates, T3 recorded the highest percentage and amounted to 0.22% for common carp, while T2 recorded the highest percentage it was 0.32% for grass carp. With regard to fibers, T4 recorded the highest percentage of 0.34% for common carp, while T2 recorded the highest percentage of 0.15% for grass carp.
Effect of Adding Calcium Propionate on Productive Performance of Iraqi Buffaloes
Authors: Karim A. M. , Al-Waith H. K. , Al-Jubori Saddam Mohmmed
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted at the ruminant research station in Abu Ghraib / livestock research department / agricultural research department / ministry of agriculture. The experiment period from 5/10/2022 to 1/4/2023, and for the production season 2022-2023. In order to study the effect of calcium propionate for different periods to study the difference of these periods in some of the productive characteristics of the Iraqi buffaloes, 15 females of Iraqi milking buffaloes were used, divided into three treatments for each treatment 5 buffaloes aged from 6-7 years, as the first treatment was T1 treatment Control without adding of calcium propionate, the second treatment T2 added 100 g calcium propionate/buffalo, and the third treatment T3 added 150 g calcium propionate/buffalo and for the periods 7 hours before calving, 24 hours after calving and 7 days after calving, calcium propionate was added to the concentrated diet. The results of the study indicate that there is a significant difference (P≤0.05) for milk production within the seventh reading in treatments T2 and T3 g compared with control T1, and a significant difference (P≤0.05) was observed in T2 for milk production within the eighth reading compared with T3 and control T1, and there were significant differences (P≤0.05) for T2 in 1st, 2nd and 3rd months for the percentage of fat compared with treatment T3 and control T1, and the results indicated a significant differences (P≤ 0.05) for treatment T3 in 1st and 3rd months for the percentage of fat compared with T2 and control T1. We conclude that the addition of calcium propionate at a ratio of 100 and 150 gm to buffalo diets during different periods improved the milk production and fat percentage of local female buffaloes.
Effect of Ration Treated with Powdered Okra Seeds or Fruits on Productivity Indicators of Broilers Under Heat Stress
Authors: Al-Hatchami Ameer F. , Alshukri Aqeel Yousif A.
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted in the poultry farm of the Department of Animal Resources-College of Agriculture - University of Kufa for the period from 10/10/2022 to 11/13/2022. The purpose of the study was to test the effect of adding okra fruits powder or seeds to the diet on some productive traits of broiler under Daily temperature stress conditions. 360 unsexed broiler chicks, Rose 308 hybrid, one day old, with an average weight of 37 g/chick were used. The chicks were fed on three diets that are from the age of 1 day-10 days, the second diet from the age of 11 days-24 days, and the third diet from the age of 25 days-35 days. The energy level of the three diets, respectively, was 3015, 3081, 3210 kcol / kg, and the protein level was 23.11, 21.51. 19.58 The one-day old chicks were randomly divided into 6 treatments with 4 replications 15 chicks each. The treatments were T1 the control (standard diet), T2 ration with okra seed powder 5 g/Kg feed, T3 was okra seed powder by 10 g/Kg feed, T4 was with okra fruit powder by 5 g/Kg feed, T5 was okra fruit powder at 10 g/Kg of feed, and T6 ration with 5 g seed powder + 5 g of fruit powder. Findings showed that the okra seeds and fruit powder effectively increased chicks’ body weight, especially when using 10 g/Kg of the seeds powder with the diet, or when using 10 gm of the equal proportion of the fruit powder with the seed powder in the diet. Okra fruit powder was better in weight gain than okra seed powder. On the other hand, the use of a diet fortified with powdered okra fruits and seeds was effective in improving the rate of feed consumption in chicks during the experimental period.