bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of stable chest pain following emergency department presentation: Impact of first‐line cardiac computed tomography diagnostic strategy in an Australian setting
Authors: Lan Nick S.R. , Thomas David‐Raj , Jones Christopher L , Raju Vikram , Soon Jeanette , Otto Jacobus , Wood Chris , Briffa Tom , Dwivedi Girish , Rankin James M , Ihdayhid Abdul Rahman
Published: August 2023

Objective

International guidelines provide increasing support for computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) in investigating chest pain. A pathway utilising CTCA first‐line for outpatient stable chest pain evaluation was implemented in an Australian ED.

Methods

In pre‐post design, the impact of the pathway was prospectively assessed over 6 months (August 2021 to January 2022) and compared with a 6‐month pre‐implementation group (February 2021 to July 2021). CTCA was recommended first‐line in suspected stable cardiac chest pain, followed by chest pain clinic review. Predefined criteria were provided recommending functional testing in select patients. The impact of CTCA versus functional testing was evaluated. Data were obtained from digital medical records.

Results

Three hundred and fifteen patients were included, 143 pre‐implementation and 172 post‐implementation. Characteristics were similar except age (pre‐implementation: 58.9 ± 12.0 vs post‐implementation: 62.8 ± 12.3 years, P = 0.004). Pathway‐guided management resulted in higher first‐line CTCA (73.3% vs 46.2%, P < 0.001), lower functional testing (30.2% vs 56.6%, P < 0.001) and lower proportion undergoing two non‐invasive tests (4.7% vs 10.5%, P = 0.047), without increasing investigation costs or invasive coronary angiography (ICA) (pre‐implementation: 13.3% vs post‐implementation: 9.3%, P = 0.263). In patients undergoing CTCA, 40.7% had normal coronaries and 36.2% minimal/mild disease, with no difference in disease burden post‐implementation. More medication changes occurred following CTCA compared with functional testing (aspirin: P = 0.005, statin: P < 0.001). In patients undergoing ICA, revascularisation to ICA ratio was higher following CTCA compared with functional testing (91.7% vs 18.2%, P < 0.001). No 30‐day myocardial infarction or death occurred.

Conclusions

The pathway increased CTCA utilisation and reduced downstream investigations. CTCA was associated with medication changes and improved ICA efficiency.
Influence of seed‐roasting degree on quality attributes of sunflower oil
Authors: Ji Junmin , Zhang Yan , Wang Yan , Wang Dan , Jie Hou
Published: August 2023

To facilitate the typical flavor of sunflower oil, seed roasting is widely applied. In this study, the effects of seed‐roasting degree (160, 180, 200°C for 0–25 min) on the quality attributes of sunflower oil were assessed, particularly tocopherols, sterols, total phenolics, fatty acids, and triglycerides composition as essential compounds for the nutritional value of the sunflower oil. Roasting seeds at a high temperature can significantly raise oxidative stability by 1.5–1.8 times, the content of carotenoids by 2.0–5.5 times, chlorophyll by 7.5–17.0 times, as well as increase the browning index by 4.0–10.0 times and deepen the color of the sunflower oil. However, the fatty acid and triglyceride profiles of sunflower oils have little change under distinct seed‐roasting degrees. Synthetically considering the various indicators measured in the current study. It is recommended that the seed roasts at 160–180°C for about 20 min to ameliorate the oxidative stability and quality.

Practical Application: A well‐defined roasting process is very important for the food industry to be able to produce sunflower oil with desirable nutrition, unique flavor produced by the Maillard reaction and chemical properties of sunflower oil, which changes during the roasting. Considering the flavor, peroxide values, oxidation stability, and other quality attributes of oil obtained from the roasted seed, we found that sunflower seed oil better quality is obtained when roasted at 160‐ ‐180°C for about 20 min (e.g., 160°C for 20–25 min or 180°C for 15–20 min).
Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain NIT01 grows more stably in vessels made of pure titanium rather than the stainless alloy SUS304
Authors: Asai Masaki , Morita Yuki , Meng Lingyu , Miyazaki Hidetoshi , Yoshida Naoko
Published: August 2023

Advances in many isolation studies have revealed that pure Dehalococcoides grow stably, although the large‐scale pure cultivation of Dehalococcoides has yet to be established. In this study, 7 L‐culturing of Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain NIT01 was first performed using vessels made of glass and stainless alloy SUS304. All batches cultured in the glass vessel successfully dechlorinated >95% of 1 mM trichloroethene (TCE) to ethene (ETH), whereas only 5 out of 13 batches cultured in the SUS304 vessel did the same. The difference in dechlorination efficiency suggested the possible inhibition of dechlorination by SUS304. Also, the strain NIT01 showed long delays in dechlorination with pieces of SUS316, steel, and a repeatedly used SUS304, but not with titanium. The repeatedly used SUS304 cracked and increased the Fe2+ concentration to ≥76 μM. Dechlorination by this strain was also inhibited with ≥1000 μM Fe2+ and ≥23 μM Cr3+ but not with ≤100 μM Ni2+, suggesting that Cr3+ eluted from solid stainless alloys inhibited the dechlorination. Culturing in a titanium vessel instead of a stainless alloy showed the complete dechlorination of 1 mM TCE within 12–28 days with a growth yield of 2.7 × 107 cells/μmol‐released Cl−, even after repeating use of the vessels six times.
Heterochromatic silencing of immune‐related genes in glia is required for BBB integrity and normal lifespan in drosophila
Authors: Shu Shunpan , Jiang Mingsheng , Deng Xue , Yue Wenkai , Cao Xu , Zhang Kai , Wang Zeqing , He Hao , Cui Jihong , Wang Qiangqiang , Qu Kun , Fang Yanshan
Published: August 2023

Glia and neurons face different challenges in aging and may engage different mechanisms to maintain their morphology and functionality. Here, we report that adult‐onset downregulation of a Drosophila gene CG32529/GLAD led to shortened lifespan and age‐dependent brain degeneration. This regulation exhibited cell type and subtype‐specificity, involving mainly surface glia (comprising the BBB) and cortex glia (wrapping neuronal soma) in flies. In accordance, pan‐glial knockdown of GLAD disrupted BBB integrity and the glial meshwork. GLAD expression in fly heads decreased with age, and the RNA‐seq analysis revealed that the most affected transcriptional changes by RNAi‐GLAD were associated with upregulation of immune‐related genes. Furthermore, we conducted a series of lifespan rescue experiments and the results indicated that the profound upregulation of immune and related pathways was not the consequence but cause of the degenerative phenotypes of the RNAi‐GLAD flies. Finally, we showed that GLAD encoded a heterochromatin‐associating protein that bound to the promoters of an array of immune‐related genes and kept them silenced during the cell cycle. Together, our findings demonstrate a previously unappreciated role of heterochromatic gene silencing in repressing immunity in fly glia, which is required for maintaining BBB and brain integrity as well as normal lifespan.
A study of cross‐border profit shifting channels: Evidence from Australia
Authors: Tran Alfred , Xu Wanmeng
Published: August 2023

We investigate two cross‐border profit shifting channels used by foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Australia and assess the effectiveness of the related measures adopted by the Australian Parliament to combat base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS). Overall, we find that Australian subsidiaries of foreign MNEs used tax‐induced intra‐group transfer pricing and, to a lesser extent, interest expense loading to shift profit out of Australia throughout the period from 2007 to 2020. However, we find no evidence indicating that profit shifting out of Australia via the two channels has reduced after the implementation of related BEPS countermeasures in Australia from 2013.
Understanding the Coleoptera community at the tree‐line using taxonomic and functional guild approaches
Authors: Bookwalter Jamie Dinkins , Caballero‐López Berta , Molowny‐Horas Roberto , Claramunt‐López Bernat
Published: August 2023

Mountain species are at the forefront of climate change disruption, and montane saproxylic Coleoptera are facing large‐ and small‐scale changes in their surroundings. Saproxylic Coleoptera are both functionally and taxonomically diverse and are the representatives of an imperilled fauna confronted with the realities of a changing landscape. Understanding the effects of elevation and other forest characteristics on saproxylic and non‐saproxylic Coleoptera is a step towards predicting the future of taxonomic and functional group biodiversity at the tree‐line and on mountains.

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of elevation and other forest characteristics on the biodiversity of montane Coleoptera at the tree‐line using both taxonomic and functional feeding guild classifications.

Our results suggest that abundance of saprotrophs is closely linked to the density of large trees rather than the volume of wood. Edge effects and elevation seem to drive abundance patterns of some species and also influence taxonomic and functional guild community patterns differently. Finally, we discuss the implications of climate change and land abandonment to future Coleoptera community structure.
Predicting crop injury caused by flea beetles in spring oilseed rape through pest monitoring in the autumn
Authors: Boetzl Fabian A. , Högfeldt Carol , Malsher Gerard , Jonsson Mattias , Ninkovic Velemir , Sigvald Roland , Lundin Ola
Published: August 2023

Reliably predicting pest damage would allow farmers to reduce insecticide use without incurring economic losses and thus contribute to agricultural sustainability. However, means to predict pest severity are lacking.

We assessed whether crop feeding injury caused by flea beetles in spring oilseed rape can be predicted from flea beetle pest densities in the previous season using 22 years of suction trap catches of flea beetles in combination with crop feeding injury data from 293 fields.

We found a strong positive relationship between the densities of flea beetles of the genus Phyllotreta in the summer and autumn activity period of the previous year and crop feeding injury caused by flea beetles in spring oilseed rape the following year. Autumn weather or the total cover of spring oilseed rape in the study region did not improve the prediction further.

Pest monitoring using suction traps is thus a promising tool to predict crop feeding injury and can reduce insecticide use in years with low pest pressures.
Interaction between islands and special economic zones: Spatial processes of containment and exclusion
Authors: Grydehøj Adam , Su Ping
Published: August 2023

Despite considerable research into special economic zones (SEZs) and Island Studies, islands and SEZs are rarely considered together. Islands and SEZs are, however, closely associated, in part due to the attractiveness of island characteristics (remoteness, boundedness, isolation) for exclusive economic processes. Many prominent SEZs are located on small islands, and many island economies function similarly to SEZs. Defining SEZs as ‘bounded spaces of economic and regulatory exception’, this paper considers deregulated industrial zones and exclusively branded smart cities and eco‐cities, as well as island SEZs designed for external benefit and for local benefit. The study shows that spatial processes of containment and exclusion are supported by islands and are especially useful for crafting SEZs, which may specialise in industries such as financial services, manufacturing, gaming, port services and high‐end tourism. Nevertheless, SEZ processes often create negative social, economic and environmental impacts. Island SEZs developed for external interest often seek to contain harm within islands or to exclude unfavourable factors, resulting in a spatial mismatch of harms and benefits. Island SEZs developed for local interest struggle to externalise harms, creating problems for island populations. The paper argues for the value of understanding islands and SEZs together, without exceptionalising them.
Technology integration in higher education and student privacy beyond learning environments—A comparison of the UK and US perspective
Authors: Giuffrida Iria , Hall Alex
Published: August 2023

Technology integration in higher education (HE) has brought immense innovation. While research is investigating the benefits of leveraging, through learning analytics, the data created by the greater presence of technology in HE, it is also analysing the privacy implications of vast universes of data now at the fingertips of HE administrators. This paper argues that student privacy challenges linked to technology integration occur not only within but also beyond learning environments, namely at the enterprise level. By analysing the UK and US legal frameworks surrounding how HE institutions respond to parents demanding disclosure of their adult children's personal data in the event of mental health crises, this paper offers an example of real and complex privacy issues, often overlooked by interdisciplinary inquiry, that exist in the ‘interstitial space’ between HE technology and privacy law. The purpose of conducting a comparative analysis was to demonstrate that countries with different privacy regimes are similarly ill‐equipped to address certain student privacy issues at the HE enterprise level, leaving HEIs exposed to potential litigation/regulatory risks. The contribution of this work is to invite greater interdisciplinary awareness of, and inquiry into, student privacy beyond learning environments.
Immediate placement and loading of implants with laser‐microgrooved collar in combination with an anorganic porcine bone mineral matrix in the esthetic zone. Twelve‐month results of a prospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Rosano Gabriele , Testori Tiziano , Torrisi Paolo , Invernizzi Matteo , Vercellini Nicolò , Del Fabbro Massimo
Published: August 2023

Background

Many techniques have been proposed to address post‐extraction ridge resorption, which often represents a concern, especially in the esthetic region.

Purpose

The purpose of the present, prospective, multicenter, single cohort study was to investigate, up to 1 year of function, the effectiveness of a protocol for alveolar ridge preservation involving implants with laser‐microgrooved surface immediately placed in fresh extraction sockets.

Materials and Methods

Twenty eight patients candidate to tooth extraction in the esthetic zone (site 15–25 and 35–45) were treated by immediate placement of a single laser‐microgrooved implants with the adjunct of a highly porous anorganic porcine bone mineral matrix and a collagen wound dressing. Peri‐implant marginal bone level (MBL) was evaluated at time of loading, 3 and 12 months after loading. Gingival index, plaque index, probing depth, and bleeding on probing were measured at 3, 6, and 12 months after loading. Dimensional changes at implant sites were digitally evaluated using the best‐fit superimposition of pre‐and post‐socket preservation models. Implant aesthetic score (IAS) as well as patients' post‐operative quality of life were also evaluated at 12 months. Comparisons between data relative to thick and thin gingival phenotypes were made using Student's t‐test or Mann–Whitney test, as appropriate. The significance level was set at p = 0.05.

Results

No patient dropped out, and 28 implants were evaluated at 12 months post‐loading. The overall MBL was found to be 0.92 ± 1.11 mm. Volumetric analysis of superimposed models showed an alveolar bone tissue displacement at the buccal aspect of −0.57 ± 0.52 mm in thin phenotypes and −0.46 ± 0.31 mm in thick phenotypes (p = 0.58, unpaired Student's t‐test). No signs of soft tissue recession or esthetically unpleasant buccal gingiva were reported.

Conclusions

The clinical protocol herein employed showed benefits in maintaining marginal bone levels and soft tissue contour around post‐extraction implants in the esthetic zone.
Do tax credits benefit charities? Evidence from two states
Authors: Gupta Anubhav , Spreen Thomas Luke
Published: August 2023

This paper considers the effect of state charitable giving tax credits on the contribution revenues of eligible charities. Using event studies paired with Form 990 data, we detect no significant change in contributions to qualified nonprofits after the elimination of a $100 per taxpayer credit by Michigan. By contrast, we find a significant increase in contributions to qualified charities following the introduction of a $10,000 per taxpayer credit by North Dakota that persists for several years. The results suggest that placing a large cap on charitable giving tax credits induces stronger donor responses.
NELFA and BCL2 induce the 2C‐like state in mouse embryonic stem cells in a chemically defined medium
Authors: Wu Baojiang , Wang Yanqiu , Wei Xinhua , Zhang Jingcheng , Wu Jiahui , Cao Guifang , Zhang Yong , Liu Jun , Li Xihe , Bao Siqin
Published: August 2023

A minority of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) display totipotent features resembling 2‐cell stage embryos and are known as 2‐cell‐like (2C‐like) cells. However, how ESCs transit into this 2C‐like state remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the overexpression of negative elongation factor A (Nelfa), a maternally provided factor, enhances the conversion of ESCs into 2C‐like cells in chemically defined conditions, while the deletion of endogenous Nelfa does not block this transition. We also demonstrate that Nelfa overexpression significantly enhances somatic cell reprogramming efficiency. Interestingly, we found that the co‐overexpression of Nelfa and Bcl2 robustly activates the 2C‐like state in ESCs and endows the cells with dual cell fate potential. We further demonstrate that Bcl2 overexpression upregulates endogenous Nelfa expression and can induce the 2C‐like state in ESCs even in the absence of Nelfa. Our findings highlight the importance of BCL2 in the regulation of the 2C‐like state and provide insights into the mechanism underlying the roles of Nelfa and Bcl2 in the establishment and regulation of the totipotent state in mouse ESCs.
What impacts the acceptability of wearable devices that detect opioid overdose in people who use opioids? A qualitative study
Authors: Tas Basak , Walker Hollie , Lawn Will , Matcham Faith , Traykova Elena V. , Evans Rebecca A. S. , Strang John
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Drug‐related deaths involving an opioid are at all‐time highs across the United Kingdom. Current overdose antidotes (naloxone) require events to be witnessed and recognised for reversal. Wearable technologies have potential for remote overdose detection or response but their acceptability among people who use opioids (PWUO) is not well understood. This study explored facilitators and barriers to wearable technology acceptability to PWUO.

Methods

Twenty‐four participants (79% male, average age 46 years) with current (n = 15) and past (n = 9) illicit heroin use and 54% (n = 13) who were engaged in opioid substitution therapy participated in semi‐structured interviews (n = 7) and three focus groups (n = 17) in London and Nottingham from March to June 2022. Participants evaluated real devices, discussing characteristics, engagement factors, target populations, implementation strategies and preferences. Conversations were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed.

Results

Three themes emerged: device‐, person‐ and environment‐specific factors impacting acceptability. Facilitators included inconspicuousness under the device theme and targeting subpopulations of PWUO at the individual theme. Barriers included affordability of devices and limited technology access within the environment theme. Trust in device accuracy for high and overdose differentiation was a crucial facilitator, while trust between technology and PWUO was a significant environmental barrier.

Discussion and Conclusions

Determinants of acceptability can be categorised into device, person and environmental factors. PWUO, on the whole, require devices that are inconspicuous, comfortable, accessible, easy to use, controlled by trustworthy organisations and highly accurate. Device developers must consider how the type of end‐user and their environment moderate acceptability of the device.
British species that are present in Australia have different traits from British species that are not present in Australia
Authors: Earle Rosa A. D. , Atkinson Joe , Moles Angela T.
Published: August 2023

Aim

Introduced species spreading to natural ecosystems is a leading cause of environmental change and a key feature of the Anthropocene. While there have been many studies of the traits of introduced and invasive species, less is known about the traits that affect a species' chances of reaching and establishing in new areas. We asked whether British species that are present in Australia have different traits to British species that are not present in Australia.

Location

Great Britain and Australia.

Methods

We compiled a list of all vascular plant species from Great Britain and divided them into those that are present in Australia (395 species) and those that are not present in Australia (1171 species). We compiled data for each species' seed mass, seedbank longevity, maximum plant height, flower size, flower colour and geographical extent in the British Isles. We conducted independent sample t‐tests for continuous variables and Chi‐squared tests for categorical variables to determine differences between groups.

Results

We found British species present in Australia have, on average, larger geographic extents in the British Isles, longer periods of seed bank longevity (mean ~3 months as opposed to ~3 weeks), and maximum heights that are on average 36% taller than British species that are not present in Australia. However, British species present in Australia did not have significantly different flower size, flower colour or seed mass from British species that are not present in Australia.

Main Conclusions

British species that are present in Australia and British species that are not present in Australia differ in several traits. These differences likely result from a combination of factors including introduction biases, environmental filters during establishment and stochasticity. Our results suggest that humans may be consciously and unconsciously selecting species for introduction. Some of the traits that are associated with an increased chance of a species being transported to/establishing in a new range also contribute to invasiveness. Thus, anthropogenic introduction biases could contribute to an increased risk of ecosystem invasion.
Impact of patient characteristic factors on the dynamics of liver glucose metabolism: Evaluation of multiparametric imaging with dynamic whole‐body 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography
Authors: Tonda Kai , Iwabuchi Yu , Shiga Tohru , Owaki Yoshiki , Fujita Arashi , Nakahara Takehiro , Sakurai Ryosuke , Shimizu Atsushi , Yamada Yoshitake , Okada Masahiro , Jinzaki Masahiro
Published: August 2023

Aims

To assess the impact of various patient characteristics on the dynamics of liver glucose metabolism using automated multiparametric imaging with whole‐body dynamic 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐positron emission tomography (PET).

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively enrolled 540 patients who underwent whole‐body dynamic FDG‐PET. Three quantitative indices representing hepatic glucose metabolism [mean standardized uptake value normalized by lean body mass (SULmean), metabolic glucose rate (kinetic index) and distribution volume (DV)] were measured from multiparametric PET images produced automatically based on the Patlak plot model. Patient characteristics including age, sex, body mass index, fasting time, blood glucose level, and the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) or hepatic steatosis (HS) were collected. We examined the correlations between the characteristic factors and three quantitative indices using multiple regression analysis.

Results

The success rate of kinetic analysis using multiparametric PET imaging was 93.3% (504/540). Hepatic SULmean was significantly correlated with age (p < .001), sex (p < .001) and blood glucose level (p = .002). DV was significantly correlated with age (p = .033), sex (p < .001), body mass index (p = .002), fasting time (p = .043) and the presence of HS (p = .002). The kinetic index was significantly correlated with age (p < .001) and sex (p = .004). In the comparison of the healthy, DM and HS groups, patients with DM had a significantly increased SULmean, whereas patients with HS had a significantly decreased DV.

Conclusions

Our results showed that liver glucose metabolism was influenced by various patient characteristic factors. Multiparametric FDG‐PET imaging can be used to analyse the kinetics of liver glucose metabolism in routine clinical practice.
Session‐to‐session bidirectional associations of alliance with depressive symptoms and relationship satisfaction
Authors: Morgan Preston C. , Wittenborn Andrea K. , Edwards Caitlin
Published: August 2023

The relationship between therapeutic alliance and treatment outcomes is one of the most widely studied topics in psychotherapy research. Research has primarily considered a unidirectional model whereby alliance predicts outcomes, which implies that building alliance early in therapy results in later symptom improvement and ignores the possibility that early symptom improvement could also subsequently lead to improved alliance. This study explored the bidirectional associations of alliance and outcomes session‐to‐session for 15 sessions among a sample of 24 couples randomized to emotionally focused therapy or treatment as usual for depression and relationship dissatisfaction. Multilevel models tested associations between the prior week's alliance and the following week's clinical outcomes (i.e., depressive symptoms and relationship satisfaction) and the prior week's clinical outcomes with the following week's alliance. Findings indicated that the prior week's alliance was associated with the following week's relationship satisfaction, but not depressive symptoms, when controlling for the prior week's depressive symptoms and relationship satisfaction in each respective model. In addition, the prior week's depressive symptoms and relationship satisfaction were both associated with the following week's alliance, when controlling for the prior week's alliance. Only one of these associations differed by sex: previous week's higher relationship satisfaction was associated with higher therapeutic alliance the following week for males than females. These bidirectional associations did not differ by treatment condition. This study contributes to the emerging empirical support suggesting bidirectionality among alliance and treatment outcomes.
Fatigue evaluation on the effect of impact pits with various impact conditions by a CDM‐based approach
Authors: Yang Susong , Hu Weiping , Li Jian , Zhan Zhixin , Meng Qingchun
Published: August 2023

This work aims to quantitatively evaluate the influence of the impact velocity, location, and angle of a spherical foreign object on fatigue lives. A continuum damage mechanics (CDM)–based fatigue approach is proposed to evaluate the fatigue behavior. The experiments on a cast AlSi7Mg1 aluminum alloy with a low‐velocity impact pit are used to validate the proposed fatigue model. The comparison between the predicted lives with the experimental data indicates an excellent agreement. Based on the proposed model, the effects of various impact velocities, locations, and angles are investigated. It is found that the velocities have negligible influence on the fatigue life in low‐velocity impact cases once the pit depth is the same. The most dangerous impact location for 90° normal impact cases is inferred to be a distance away from the boundary surface. The 45° transverse impact close to the boundary is different from other studied oblique impacts and has a longer life than the corresponding normal impact. This study uses a feasible method to predict the effects of different impact conditions and provides useful guidance for engineering applications.
Conversation Analysis Based Simulation (CABS): A method for improving communication skills training for healthcare practitioners
Authors: Pilnick Alison , O'Brien Rebecca , Beeke Suzanne , Goldberg Sarah , Murray Megan , Harwood Rowan H.
Published: August 2023

Background

Actors portraying simulated patients are widely used in communication skills training in healthcare, but debates persist over the authenticity of these interactions. However, healthcare professionals value simulation‐based training because of the opportunity to think and react in real time, which alternatives cannot provide.

Objective

To describe a method for the use of simulation which maximises authenticity by grounding training in real, observed, patterns of patient communication.

Design

Naturally occurring care interactions were video recorded and analysed using conversation analysis (CA) to identify communication patterns. We focused on sites of recurring interactional trouble as areas for training, and identified more and less effective ways of dealing with these. We used the CA findings to train actors portraying simulated patients, based on the observed interactional patterns.

Settings and Participants

Patients living with dementia and healthcare practitioners (HCPs) on two acute healthcare of the elderly wards in the English East Midlands.

Outcome Measures

One month later HCPs reported using the skills learned in clinical practice. Masked‐ratings of before and after simulated patient encounters confirmed these self‐reports in relation to one key area of training.

Results

The Conversation Analysis Based Simulation (CABS) method used in this setting showed positive results across a range of quantitative and qualitative outcome measures. What is significant for the transferability of the method is that qualitative feedback from trainees highlighted the ability of the method to not only illuminate their existing effective practices, but to understand why these were effective and be able to articulate them to others.

Discussion/Conclusion

While the CABS method was piloted in the dementia care setting described here, it has potential applicability across healthcare settings where simulated consultations are used in communication skills training. Grounding simulated interaction in the observed communication patterns of real patients is an important means of maximising authenticity.

Patient and Public Contribution

The VideOing to Improve dementia Communication Education (VOICE) intervention which piloted the CABS method was developed by a multidisciplinary team, including three carers of people with dementia. People living with dementia were involved in the rating of the before and after video simulation assessments.
Volunteering on Heritage at Risk sites and wellbeing: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Pattinson Julie , Laparidou Despina , Akanuwe Joseph , Scott Anna , Sima Claudia , Lewis Carenza , Siriwardena Niro
Published: August 2023

Introduction

We explored experiences of volunteering in Heritage at Risk (HAR) projects, intended to mitigate the deterioration to historic assets, and the relationship with wellbeing. We aimed to understand the value of HAR to volunteers' wellbeing and relationships between HAR programme characteristics such as location, asset type and type of activity.

Methods

We used a qualitative design with semi‐structured interviews of a purposive sample of volunteers recruited via Historic England (HE), employing Systematic Grounded Theory involving open, axial and selective coding.

Findings

We interviewed 35 volunteers (18 male and 17 female) participating in 10 HAR projects. We identified six themes from the data analysis. (1) Purpose—was associated with volunteering motivations; there were some barriers to volunteering and many types of facilitators, including accessibility to local heritage sites. (2) Being—volunteers showed an appreciation and attachment to their place of residence. (3) Capacity—to learn heritage‐specific skills and diversify experiences in learning new skills (life, technical and personal). (4) Sharing—community engagement, connectedness, and inclusivity captured diversity and inclusion within volunteers across age, ethnicity, ability, and gender. (5) Self‐nurture—HAR volunteering created physical, psychological, and social benefits with limited risks and adverse outcomes. (6) Self‐actualisation—described volunteers reflecting on their experiences.

Conclusion

HAR volunteering was associated with positive physical, social and psychological wellbeing outcomes. The study provides an evidence base for specific wellbeing benefits of volunteering at Heritage at Risk sites, although we could not conclude that HAR project activity was the cause of increased wellbeing.

Public Contribution

Staff from HE were involved in designing the project brief. In selecting the HAR project sites, we took advice and recommendations from HE staff across all their six regional offices.
Existing flower preference metrics disagree on best plants for pollinators: which metric to choose?
Authors: Pizante Rachel , Acorn John H. , Worthy Sydney H. , Frost Carol M.
Published: August 2023

When planting flowers for pollinator conservation, determining what flowers to plant is challenging because flower establishment can be time‐consuming and resource‐intensive.

To alleviate this challenge, researchers have proposed methods to mathematically determine from plant–pollinator interaction data which flower species pollinators prefer, which can be defined as the likelihood that a flower species will be chosen by pollinators when offered on an equal basis with other flower species.

We compared the flower lists produced by five sensible, peer‐reviewed preference metrics calculated from the same dataset and examined how each metric controls for flower abundance and relates to number of pollinator visits.

We found little correlation between the ranked flower lists returned by each preference metric and that the metrics varied in the extent to which they controlled for abundance and provided different information than number of visits.

The discordance among calculated flower preference lists is partially due to the different way each metric controls for abundance and suggests that these preference metrics need to be empirically tested and that more research is needed into the factors that impact pollinator floral preference.

We discourage the use of three preference metrics (confidence interval, resource use and mass action hypothesis metrics), caution against the use of one (centrality metric) and recommend the use of the preference index metric due to its insensitivity to insufficient sampling, ease of use and the fact that it is not correlated with the number of pollinator visits.
Panx1 knockout promotes preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci development in a chemically induced model of mouse colon carcinogenesis
Authors: Espírito Santo Sara Gomes , Da Silva Tereza Cristina , Cogliati Bruno , Barbisan Luís Fernando , Romualdo Guilherme Ribeiro
Published: August 2023

Colorectal cancer, which is the third leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide, is a multistep disease, featuring preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as the early morphological manifestation. The roles of hemichannel‐forming transmembrane Pannexin 1 (Panx1) protein have not been investigated in the context of colon carcinogenesis yet, although it has contrasting roles in other cancer types. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the effects of Panx1 knockout (Panx1−/−) on the early events of chemically induced colon carcinogenesis in mouse. Wild type (WT) and Panx1−/− female C57BL6J mice were submitted to a chemically induced model of colon carcinogenesis by receiving six intraperitoneal administrations of 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH) carcinogen. Animals were euthanized 8 h (week 7) or 30 weeks (week 37) after the last DMH administration in order to evaluate sub‐acute colon toxicity outcomes or the burden of ACF, respectively. At week 7, Panx1 genetic ablation increased DMH‐induced genotoxicity in peripheral blood cells, malondialdehyde levels in the colon, and apoptosis (cleaved caspase‐3) in colonic crypts. Of note, at week 37, Panx1−/− animals showed an increase in aberrant crypts (AC), ACF mean number, and ACF multiplicity (AC per ACF) by 56%, 57% and 20%, respectively. In essence, our findings indicate that Panx1 genetic ablation promotes preneoplastic ACF development during chemically induced mouse colon carcinogenesis, and a protective role of Panx1 is postulated.
Effect of thoracoscopic and thoracotomy on postoperative wound complications in patients with lung cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Qiu Bin , Han Jinlong , Zhao Jin
Published: August 2023

Because of the difficult surgical procedures, patients with lung cancer who have received thoracic surgery tend to have postoperative complications. It may lead to postoperative complications like wound infection, wound haematoma and pneumothorax. A lot of research has assessed the effect of various surgery methods on postoperative complications in pulmonary cancer. The purpose of this meta‐analysis is to establish if thoracoscopic is superior to that of thoracotomy in the rate of post‐operative complications. From the beginning to the end of June 2023, we performed an exhaustive search on four main databases for key words. The Hazard of Bias in Non‐Randomized Interventional Studies (ROBINS‐I) was evaluated in the literature. In the end, 13 trials that fulfilled the eligibility criteria underwent further statistical analyses. The results showed that thoracoscopic intervention decreased the risk of post operative wound infection (dominant ratio [OR], 3.00; 95% confidence margin [CI], 1.98, 4.55; p < 0.00001) and air‐leakage after operation (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.04, 1.63; p = 0.02). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the rate of haemorrhage after operation (OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.73, 1.66; p = 0.63). Our findings indicate that thoracoscopic is less likely to cause post operative infection and gas leakage than thoracotomy, and it does not decrease the risk of postoperative haemorrhage. As some of the chosen trials are too small to conduct meta‐analyses, care must be taken when handling the data. In the future, a large number of randomized, controlled trials will be required to provide additional evidence for this research.
RETRACTED: Effect of accelerated rehabilitation nursing programmes on surgical site wound infection in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Bei , Kou Xiao‐Ling
Published: August 2023

This study aims to evaluate the effect of an accelerated rehabilitation nursing programme on the incidence of surgical site wound infections in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Relevant studies regarding the use of an accelerated rehabilitation nursing programme in laparoscopic cholecystectomy were retrieved from databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CNKI and Wanfang Database. The search was conducted from the inception of each database until June 2023. Two independent researchers performed the literature screening, data collection and quality assessment of the included studies. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as the measures of effect. Statistical analysis was conducted using Stata 17.0, and a sensitivity analysis and publication bias evaluation were performed. A total of 21 studies involving 2480 patients (1179 in the intervention group and 1301 in the control group) were included. The meta‐analysis revealed that the incidence of surgical site wound infections in the intervention group was significantly lower than in the control group (1.18% vs. 5.99%, OR: 0.322, 95% CI: 0.168–0.556, p < 0.001). Current evidence suggests that implementing accelerated rehabilitation nursing programmes for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy has a clinically significant effect, leading to a substantial reduction in the incidence of surgical site wound infections. However, owing to the low quality of some of the included studies, further high‐quality, multicentre, large‐sample randomised controlled trials are required to validate the conclusions of this study.
Clinician‐reported outcome measures for the assessment of vitiligo: A scoping review
Authors: van Geel Nanja , Duponselle Jolien , Delbaere Liesbeth , Herbelet Sandrine , Eleftheriadou Viktoria , Ezzedine Khaled , Forman Maxine , Garg Amit , Hamzavi Iltefat H. , Seneschal Julien , Spuls Phyllis , Terwee Caroline B. , Wolkerstorfer Albert , Speeckaert Reinhart , Pandya Amit G.
Published: August 2023

Clinician‐reported outcome measures (ClinROMs) are essential for assessment of vitiligo in clinical trials and daily practice. Several instruments have been developed and tested to measure, for example, vitiligo extent, repigmentation and activity. The goal of this review was to identify all introductory publications of ClinROMs for vitiligo that include at least some aspects of validation and to describe the instruments' characteristics, intention for use and practical strengths and limitations. A search strategy was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) from inception to July 2022. Based on the literature search (n = 2860), 10 articles were identified, describing 14 different ClinROMs. Six ClinRoms measured disease extent and/or repigmentation, seven evaluated disease activity and one was a composite score. The Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI), and Vitiligo Extent Score (VES and VESplus) measure overall disease extent and/or repigmentation. The VASI relies on hand units (1% body surface area), whereas the VES and VESplus use a picture‐based scoring technique. The Vitiligo Extent Score for a Target Area (VESTA) measures repigmentation percentage for target lesions. One global assessment score for extent has been validated. Vitiligo disease activity scores included a static measure of clinical activity signs (Vitiligo Signs of Activity Score [VSAS]) and two measures assessing dynamic evolution (Vitiligo Disease Activity Score [VDAS] and Vitiligo Disease Improvement Score [VDIS]). The Vitiligo European Task Force assessment tool (VETFa) is a composite score. Depending on the practical strengths and limitations as well as the research question and setting (clinical trials vs. daily practice), the choice of an appropriate ClinROM may differ. Fourteen ClinROMs in vitiligo were identified to measure vitiligo extent, repigmentation, and activity. Further research evaluating the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of each instrument and worldwide consensus on which instrument to use for a specific outcome (domain) is greatly needed.
In vitro modelling of the influence of alternative feeds (Hermetia illucens, Arthrospira platensis) on the resistance of different rainbow trout populations (Oncorhynchus mykiss) against the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus and Yersinia ruckeri
Authors: Bauer Julia , Adamek Mikolaj , Miebach Anne‐Carina , Gährken Jakob , Wessels Stephan , Tetens Jens , Dietz Carsten , Sünder Angela , Matras Marek , Stachnik Magdalena , Reichert Michal , Steinhagen Dieter
Published: August 2023

Replacing fishmeal, a finite resource with high market demand, in the diet of carnivorous rainbow trout with proteins from alternative sources may be a challenge for these fish. Therefore, this study investigated whether replacing fishmeal with protein derived from Hermetia illucens or Arthrospira platensis could promote disease susceptibility in local trout populations with different growth performance. This was assessed in vitro by measuring susceptibility to infection with the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) or the bacterium Yersinia ruckeri. Analysis of fin tissue explants and primary cell cultures from scales from the three trout populations infected in vitro with VHSV and gill explants infected with Y. ruckeri showed no significant differences in virus replication or bacterial counts. Evaluation of the virucidal or bactericidal effect of skin mucus showed a significant reduction in viral load and bacterial count for all samples with mucus addition, but no significant difference was observed between the experimental groups. This study documents no apparent impairment of innate immune mechanisms in the skin and gills of trout after feeding a diet replacing fishmeal with Arthrospira or Hermetia proteins. This underlines the potential of these alternative protein sources for the further development of sustainable trout aquaculture.
Comment on: Antiepileptic prescribing to persons living with dementia residing in nursing homes: A tale of two indications
Authors: Fauchon Héloïse , Pierre‐Jean Morgane , Desmarets Sébastien , Hue Benoît , Somme Dominique
Published: August 2023

See the Reply by Candon et al.
Craniodental ecomorphology of the large Jurassic ichthyosaurian Temnodontosaurus
Authors: Bennion R. F. , Maxwell E. E. , Lambert O. , Fischer V.
Published: August 2023

Marine amniotes have played many crucial roles in ocean ecosystems since the Triassic, including predation at the highest trophic levels. One genus often placed into this guild is the large Early Jurassic neoichthyosaurian Temnodontosaurus, the only post‐Triassic ichthyosaurian known with teeth which bear a distinct cutting edge or carina. This taxonomically problematic genus is currently composed of seven species which show a wide variety of skull and tooth morphologies. Here we assess the craniodental disparity in Temnodontosaurus using a series of functionally informative traits. We describe the range of tooth morphologies in the genus in detail, including the first examples of serrated carinae in ichthyosaurians. These consist of false denticles created by the interaction of enamel ridgelets with the carinal keel, as well as possible cryptic true denticles only visible using scanning electron microscopy. We also find evidence for heterodonty in the species T. platyodon, with unicarinate mesial teeth likely playing a role in prey capture and labiolingually compressed, bicarinate distal teeth likely involved in prey processing. This type of heterodonty appears to be convergent with a series of other marine amniotes including early cetaceans. Overall, the species currently referred to as the genus Temnodontosaurus show a range of craniodental configurations allowing prey to be captured and processed in different ways – for example, T. eurycephalus has a deep snout and relatively small bicarinate teeth likely specialised for increased wound infliction and grip‐and‐tear feeding, whereas T. platyodon has a more elongate yet robust snout and larger teeth and may be more adapted for grip‐and‐shear feeding. These results suggest the existence of niche partitioning at higher trophic levels in Early Jurassic ichthyosaurians and have implications for future work on the taxonomy of this wastebasket genus, as well as for research into the ecology of other extinct megapredatory marine tetrapods.