bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The difference in expression of long noncoding RNAs in rat semen induced by high-fat diet was associated with metabolic pathways
Authors: An Tian , Fan Hui , Liu Yu F. , Pan Yan Y. , Liu Ying K. , Mo Fang F. , Gu Yu J. , Sun Ya L. , Zhao Dan D. , Yu Na , Ma Yue , Liu Chen Y. , Wang Qiu L. , Li Zheng Y. , Teng Fei , Gao Si Hua , Jiang Guang J.
Published: July 2017

Background

Obesity, a common metabolic disease, is a known cause of male infertility due to its associated health risk. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have also been reported to be associated with male reproductive diseases; however, their role in the association between high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) and male reproduction remains unclear.

Methods

We used microarray analysis to compare the expression levels of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the spermatozoa of rats with DIO and normal rats. We selected a few lncRNAs that were obviously up-regulated or down-regulated, and then used RT-PCR to verify the accuracy of their expression. We then performed a functional enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed mRNAs using gene ontology and pathway analysis. Finally, target gene predictive analysis was used to explore the relationship between lncRNAs and mRNAs.

Results

The results revealed a statistically significant difference in the fasting blood glucose level in rats with DIO and control rats. We found that 973 lncRNAs and 2,994 mRNAs were differentially expressed in the sperm samples of the DIO rats, compared to the controls. GO enrichment analysis revealed 263 biological process terms, 39 cellular component terms, and 40 molecular function terms (p < 0.01) in the differentially expressed mRNAs. The pathway analysis showed that metabolic pathways were most enriched in protein-coding genes.

Discussion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to show differences in the expression levels of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the sperms of rats with DIO and normal rats, and to determine the expression profile of lncRNAs in the sperm of rats with DIO. Our results have revealed a number of lncRNAs and pathways associated with obesity-induced infertility, including metabolic pathways. These pathways could be new candidates that help cope with and investigate the mechanisms behind the progression of obesity-induced male infertility.
A mutualism without honeydew: what benefits forMelissotarsus emeryiants and armored scale insects (Diaspididae)?
Authors: Peeters Christian , Foldi Imre , Matile-Ferrero Danièle , Fisher Brian L.
Published: July 2017

Mutualisms between ants and sap-sucking insects generally involve clear benefits for both partners: the ants provide protection in exchange for honeydew. However, a single ant genus associates with armoured scale insects (Diaspididae) that do not excrete honeydew. We studied three colonies ofMelissotarsus emeryiants from two localities in Mozambique. Vast numbers of the diaspididMorganella conspicuaoccupied galleries dug by the ants under the bark of living trees. Unlike free-livingM. conspicuaand other diaspidids,M. conspicualiving with ants are known to lack shields, likely because they gain protection against enemies and desiccation. Nevertheless, we documented the occurrence of rare individuals with shields inside ant galleries, indicating that their glands continue to secrete wax and proteins as building material. This is likely to constitute a significant portion of the ants’ diet, in addition to diaspidid exuviae and excretions from the Malpighian tubules. Indeed,Melissotarsusworkers cannot walk outside the galleries due to modified middle legs, forcing them to obtain all nourishment within the tree.Melissotarsusfounding queens, however, must locate a suitable host tree while flying, and acquire diaspidid crawlers. This mutualism involves ants that are highly specialised to chew through living wood, and diaspidids that can also live freely outside the bark. It is extremely widespread in Africa and Madagascar, recorded from 20 tree families, and harmful effects on plant hosts require rapid study.
Tumor imaging instruction and assessment at chiropractic colleges in North America: a pilot study with implications for National Board of Chiropractic Examiners content
Authors: Linaker Kathleen L. , Arpin Sarah A. , Fischer Charles P. , Sackett Michael , Georger Lesley
Published: July 2017

Objective:

This pilot study tested a survey instrument pertaining to the instruction and assessment of tumor imaging in chiropractic training programs. The secondary purpose was to gather data regarding credentials of lead instructors, textbook and resource use, and tumors taught and assessed.

Methods:

An electronic survey was distributed to lead tumor imaging instructors at all chiropractic colleges in the United States and Canada. A focus group of tumor imaging instructors was conducted to clarify ambiguous data.

Results:

Diplomate status with the American Chiropractic Board of Radiology was held by 87.5% of the instructor respondents. There were similarities in course content and assessment across institutions. A total of 26 tumors were considered clinically significant by more than 65% of instructors, 9 tumors were identified as not clinically significant by more than 65%, and 4 tumors were considered clinically significant by 35% to 65% of instructors. There was correlation between those instructors who evaluated on various tumors and those who feel it is important to evaluate such tumors (rS = 0.94, p < .001). The focus group addressed the 4 equivocal tumors and recommended 3 be added to the list of clinically insignificant tumors.

Conclusion:

The survey instrument is ready to be used to conduct a study of all clinical areas of the chiropractic curriculum. A total of 12 tumors were recommended for removal from National Board of Chiropractic Examiners tests. The authors recommend that the Academics Committee of the American Chiropractic Board of Radiology share information regarding learning libraries to allow for a richer learning experience across all campuses.
Physician Altruism and Spending, Hospital Admissions, and Emergency Department Visits
Authors: Casalino Lawrence P. , Kariv Shachar , Markovits Daniel , Fisman Raymond , Li Jing
Published: October 2024

Importance

Altruism—putting the patient first—is a fundamental component of physician professionalism. Evidence is lacking about the relationship between physician altruism, care quality, and spending.

Objective

To determine whether there is a relationship between physician altruism, measures of quality, and spending, hypothesizing that altruistic physicians have better results.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study that used a validated economic experiment to measure altruism was carried out between October 2018 and November 2019 using a nationwide sample of US primary care physicians and cardiologists. Altruism data were linked to 2019 Medicare claims and multivariable regressions were used to examine the relationship between altruism and quality and spending measures. Overall, 250 physicians in 43 medical practices that varied in size, location, and ownership, and 7626 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries attributed to the physicians were included. The analysis was conducted from April 2022 to August 2024.

Exposure

Physicians completed a widely used modified dictator-game style web-based experiment; based on their responses, they were categorized as more or less altruistic.

Main Measures

Potentially preventable hospital admissions, potentially preventable emergency department visits, and Medicare spending.

Results

In all, 1599 beneficiaries (21%) were attributed to the 45 physicians (18%) categorized as altruistic and 6027 patients were attributed to the 205 physicians not categorized as altruistic. Adjusting for patient, physician, and practice characteristics, patients of altruistic physicians had a lower likelihood of any potentially preventable admission (odds ratio [OR], 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38-0.97; P = .03) and any potentially preventable emergency department visit (OR, 0.64; CI, 0.43-0.94; P = .02). Adjusted spending was 9.26% lower (95% CI, −16.24% to −2.27%; P = .01).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study found that Medicare patients treated by altruistic physicians had fewer potentially preventable hospitalizations and emergency department visits and lower spending. Policymakers and leaders of hospitals, medical practices, and medical schools may want to consider creating incentives, organizational structures, and cultures that may increase, or at least do not decrease, physician altruism. Further research should seek to identify these and other modifiable factors, such as physician selection and training, that may shape physician altruism. Research could also analyze the relationship between altruism and quality and spending in additional medical practices, specialties, and countries, and use additional measures of quality and of patient experience.
Reframing Confidence Instructions to Child Eyewitness Reduces Overconfidence but Does Not Improve Confidence–Accuracy Calibration
Authors: Bruer Kaila C. , Carr Shaelyn M. A. , Schick Kayla D. , Gerbeza Matea
Published: October 2024

Children are well‐documented to exhibit poor confidence–accuracy calibration on lineup identification tasks. Children tend to report overconfidence in their (often inaccurate) lineup identification decisions. This research explored the extent to which school‐aged children's (N = 142; 6‐ to 8‐year‐old) confidence reports are implicitly driven by perceived social pressure to provide a specific confidence rating. Children were randomly assigned to two different confidence instruction conditions: the neutral (n = 69) or the reframed conditions (n = 73). The reframed instructions encouraged honesty and instructed children to ignore perceived pressure when reporting confidence. Results revealed that the reframed instructions resulted in more conservative confidence judgments; however, this shift did not translate into those confidence ratings better reflecting children's identification accuracy. Overall, these findings provide evidence that, while external or social factors play a contributing role, other aspects of development are likely contributing more to the poor confidence–accuracy calibration observed with child eyewitnesses.
NASADAD replaces “abuse” with “agency” in its name
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2024

What's in a name? If it's the word “abuse,” this could “unintentionally harm the very individuals we strive to help,” according to the explanation by the (former) National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors (NASADAD), called, as of Oct. 3, the National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Agency Directors. The acronym is still the same.
On recovery accommodations: California sober and beyond
Authors: Stauffer Bill
Published: October 2024

Recovery housing, aka sober living facilities, have long existed as safe, supportive places designed for people with severe substance use conditions to live while they build recovery capital. In recent years, shifts in drug use patterns and changing public policy definitions have created challenges to the safe environment within recovery housing. One example of how this is unfolding is the California Sober Lifestyle in which people stop all drug use but cannabis.
Climbing Plant‐Inspired Multi‐Responsive Biomimetic Actuator with Transitioning Complex Surfaces
Authors: Li Wenwen , Lou Congcong , Liu Shuai , Ma Qian , Liao Guojiang , Leung Ken Cham‐Fai , Gong Xinglong , Ma Honghao , Xuan Shouhu
Published: October 2024

Bionic robots have great potential in healthcare, rescue, and surveillance. However, most soft actuators can only realize one or two deformation modes, which largely limit the application in complex environments. This study develops electric/Infrared (IR) light/magnetic multi‐field coupling soft actuators by combining liquid crystal elastomers (LCE), liquid metal (LM) and magnetic Ecoflex (Mecoflex). Originated from the synergistic effect of the differed thermal expansion and the liquid crystal phase transition, the actuator can realize outstanding large deformations (bending angle > 300°) at ultra‐low voltages (1.0 V). In addition, by designing the molecular orientation in the LCE layer and programming the magnetization in the Mecoflex layer, the bending or helical bending deformations can be controlled under electric/magnetic and IR light/magnetic coupling actuation. Based on the complex deformation capability, bionic climbing plants and two kinds of quadrupedal robots are developed. With the structural design of the quadrupedal robots, they can flexibly switch deformations to pass through complex environments by controlling the externally applied coupling fields, which demonstrates their broad potential in practical applications.
Simplified Lipid Nanoparticles for Tissue‐ And Cell‐Targeted mRNA Delivery Facilitate Precision Tumor Therapy in a Lung Metastasis Mouse Model
Authors: Fei Yuan , Yu Xiaolu , Liu Peiyu , Ren Hongyu , Wei Tuo , Cheng Qiang
Published: October 2024

mRNA‐based applications have achieved remarkable success in the development of next‐generation vaccines and the treatment of diverse liver diseases. Overcoming the challenge of delivering mRNA to extrahepatic tissues, especially specific cells within tissues, is crucial for precision therapy. In this study, a platform is developed for selective mRNA delivery to desired cells within tissues by combining lipid nanoparticle (LNP)‐based targeted delivery with mRNA sequence‐controlled expression. Through systematic optimization, a three‐component LNP platform is developed, enabling targeted mRNA delivery to the lung, liver, and spleen. The incorporation of unique microRNA target sites into the mRNA scaffold further enhances control over protein translation in specific cells within the target tissue. This combined strategy, named SELECT (Simplified LNP with Engineered mRNA for Cell‐type Targeting), demonstrates its efficacy in distinguishing mRNA expression between tumor and normal cells based on intracellular microRNA abundance. SELECT encapsulating mRNA encoding a tumor‐specific cytotoxic protein, human ELANE, exhibits selective mRNA delivery to tumor lesions and significant inhibition of tumor growth in a mouse model of melanoma lung metastasis. Overall, SELECT has great potential as a new precision tumor treatment approach and also offers promising prospects for other mRNA therapies targeting specific cell types.
A Near‐Infrared Retinomorphic Device with High Dimensionality Reservoir Expression
Authors: Leng Yan‐Bing , Lv Ziyu , Huang Shengming , Xie Peng , Li Hua‐Xin , Zhu Shirui , Sun Tao , Zhou You , Zhai Yongbiao , Li Qingxiu , Ding Guanglong , Zhou Ye , Han Su‐Ting
Published: October 2024

Physical reservoir‐based reservoir computing (RC) systems for intelligent perception have recently gained attention because they require fewer computing resources. However, the system remains limited in infrared (IR) machine vision, including materials and physical reservoir expression power. Inspired by biological visual perception systems, the study proposes a near‐infrared (NIR) retinomorphic device that simultaneously perceives and encodes narrow IR spectral information (at ≈980 nm). The proposed device, featuring core‐shell upconversion nanoparticle/poly (3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanocomposite channels, enables the absorption and conversion of NIR into high‐energy photons to excite more photo carriers in P3HT. The photon‐electron‐coupled dynamics under the synergy of photovoltaic and photogating effects influence the nonlinearity and high dimensionality of the RC system under narrow‐band NIR irradiation. The device also exhibits multilevel data storage capability (≥8 levels), excellent stability (≥2000 s), and durability (≥100 cycles). The system accurately identifies NIR static and dynamic handwritten digit images, achieving recognition accuracies of 91.13% and 90.07%, respectively. Thus, the device tackles intricate computations like solving second‐order nonlinear dynamic equations with minimal errors (normalized mean squared error of 1.06 × 10⁻3 during prediction).
A Prediction of All‐Inorganic Lead‐Free Halide Perovskites for Photovoltaic Application: Rb3Mo2Br9 and Rb3Mo2Cl9
Authors: Deng Xinxin , Zhang Zhesi , Zhang Zili , Wu Yunyi , Song Hongzhou , Li Huanxin , Luo Bingcheng
Published: October 2024

Lead‐based organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites show promise as photovoltaic materials due to their high energy conversion efficiencies. However, concerns regarding lead toxicity and the poor environmental and operational stability of the organic cationic group have limited their widespread application. To address these challenges, the design of all‐inorganic lead‐free halide perovskites offers potential solutions for photovoltaic applications. Here, two layered perovskite derivatives, Rb3Mo2Cl9 and Rb3Mo2Br9, are explored, and their electronic, structural, and photovoltaic properties are analyzed using advanced theoretical calculations. Rb3Mo2Br9 exhibits a suitable direct bandgap of 1.60 eV, making it a promising candidate for use as a light absorber in low‐cost, high‐efficiency solar cells. On the other hand, Rb3Mo2Cl9 demonstrates a wide direct bandgap exceeding 1.70 eV, positioning it as a viable option for use as a top cell in tandem photovoltaic systems alongside silicon. Both materials display ideal optical properties in the visible light region and hold promise as excellent inorganic lead‐free perovskite alternatives.
Lithium Localization by Anions in Argyrodite Solid Electrolytes from Machine‐Learning‐based Simulations
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Jae , Kim Hyeonjung , Ji Sungyoung , Choi Kyuri , Choi Ho , Lim Woosang , Lee Byungju
Published: October 2024

The introduction of density functional theory (DFT) has improved the study of material properties. This has enabled significant breakthroughs in solid electrolytes, which have emerged as promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage systems. However, DFT faces limitations due to the extremely high computational costs required for large atomic cells and long simulation times. In the current study, AI‐based simulations using neural network potentials (NNPs) are introduced to extend the capabilities of DFT to explore the effect of anions on lithium diffusion in Li argyrodite (Li6PS5X, X = Cl and Br). The investigation categorizes lithium frameworks into two distinct cages, demonstrating that sulfur ions in these cage centers bind the surrounding lithium ions. From the results, a strategy is proposed to enhance lithium ion conductivity by minimizing the occupation of sulfur ions in cage centers. This research provides a benchmark for evaluating lithium ionic conductivity based on anion configuration in cage centers and advances the understanding of ionic transport in Li argyrodite, informing potential improvements in energy‐storage technologies.
Conformal Li2O2 Growth and Decomposition Within 3D Lithiophilic Nanocages of Metal–Organic Frameworks for High‐Performance Li─O2 Batteries
Authors: Kang Shin Joon , Hong Minjoon , Won Jong Ho , Han Byungchan , Kang Jeung Ku , Jeong Hyung Mo
Published: October 2024

Li─O2 batteries (LOBs) have the largest theoretical capacity among current batteries, but the irreversible growth and decomposition of Li2O2 products in positive electrodes cause dramatic degradation of their capacities over charging–discharging cycles. Herein, a metal–organic framework is reported with bipyridinic N linkers attached to graphene (bpyN‐MOF/g) as a positive electrode material to overcome the challenge. The bpyN‐MOF/g promotes conformal Li2O2 growth during discharging, while allowing Li2O2 decomposition at a low overpotential (0.487 V vs Li+/Li at 200 mA gc−1) during charging process, outperforming the Pt/C‐based electrode (0.857 V). Moreover, 3D‐tomography and density functional theory calculations consistently support the Li2O2 growth and decomposition mechanism inside bpyN‐MOF/g. Furthermore, bpyN‐MOF/g//Li LOBs achieve an exceptional discharge capacity (17 275 mAh gc−1 at 100 mA gc−1) and steady cycling for 270 cycles at 1000 mAh gc−1 under 2000 mA gc−1. Additionally, high gravimetric capacity at low mass loadings (0.27–0.44 mg cm−2) and stable cycle operation at a high areal current density (0.5 mA cm−2) open new opportunities for various practical applications.
A Versatile InF3 Substituted Argyrodite Sulfide Electrolyte Toward Ultrathin Films for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Li Dabing , Liu Xinyu , Li Yang , Zhao Xiaoxue , Wu Meng , Qi Xiang , Gao Lei , Fan Li‐Zhen
Published: October 2024

All‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) incorporating sulfide solid electrolytes capture great attention due to their intrinsic safety features and high energy density. Nevertheless, the implementation of sulfide solid electrolytes faces significant challenges, including moisture sensitivity, narrow intrinsic electrochemical windows, and excessively thick solid electrolyte layers. Here, the substitution of In for P and F for Cl in argyrodite sulfide Li5.7PS4.7Cl1.3 is presented. With appropriate elemental substitutions, the Li symmetric cells exhibit a high critical current density value of 2.5 mA cm−2 and deliver prolonged plating/stripping over 1000 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 25 °C. Further, the Li5.82P0.94In0.06S4.7Cl1.12F0.18 displays high chemical stability toward organic solvents, which is further demonstrated by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Using polyisobutylene as a binder, a uniform sulfide film (35 µm) is prepared by slurry casting and hot pressing process, delivering a high ionic conductivity of 1.4 mS cm−1 at 25 °C. Coupled with FeS2 and LiCoO2 cathode, the all‐solid‐state lithium metal cell exhibits a long cycling life and excellent rate performance. This study provides a design strategy and reveals the importance of high‐performance sulfide SEs in the scalable production of sulfide film.
Atomically precise Cu32 nanoclusters with selenide doping: Synthesis, bonding, and catalysis
Authors: Huo Rong , Ren Rui , Wang Lin , Xu Qinghua , Yan Bingzheng , Zhang Jiangwei , Guo Qingxiang , Guan Zongjie , Shen Hui , Zheng Nanfeng
Published: October 2024

Copper nanoclusters with stable compositions and precise structures have long been sought after, as they possess properties that are absent in gold and silver counterparts. However, the creation of copper nanoclusters with novel compositions, structures, and functionalities remains largely unexplored in the literature. In this study, we demonstrate that selenide doping is an effective method for fabricating stable copper nanostructures through controlled synthesis and structure determination of a copper–selenide nanocluster. The nanocluster of [Cu32Se7(BnSe)18(PPh3)6]+ (denoted as Cu32Se7, Bn is benzyl) has been prepared by reducing copper salts in the presence of organic diselenides. The atomic structure of the Cu32Se7 cluster, accurately determined through single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, reveals a core–shell arrangement of Cu20Se7@Cu12(BnSe)18(PPh3)6, where Se2− anions are well dispersed in the Cu20 framework. Notably, this cluster represents a rare example of copper–selenide semiconductor nanoclusters. Experimental and theoretical analysis shows strong interactions between Se ligands and metal atoms, resulting in high stability of the Cu32Se7 cluster. Furthermore, the cluster exhibits excellent catalytic performance in the hydroboration reaction of alkynes, producing a range of vinylboron compounds with adjustable structures and functions. Importantly, the cluster undergoes no structural or nuclearity changes during the reaction, as confirmed by extended X‐ray absorption fine structure and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies. This study not only presents a molecular cluster model highlighting the effectiveness of selenide dopants in fabricating new copper nanostructures but also paves the way for utilizing stable copper nanoclusters in diverse and exciting areas beyond catalysis.
Finely tunable NIR‐II organic scaffolds for fluorescence/photoacoustic duplex imaging–guided noninvasive photothermal therapy of glioblastoma
Authors: Song Yufei , Tong Xingyu , Han Yujie , Zhang Qi‐Wei
Published: October 2024

Organic agents possessing NIR‐II and photoacoustic duplex imaging capabilities, coupled with high‐efficiency photothermal conversion, offer significant potential for noninvasive and precise phototheranostics of glioblastoma, which is further augmented when these agents can concurrently exhibit tumor targeting and blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. This study reports a series of finely tunable NIR‐II molecular luminophores based on the aza‐BODIPY scaffold, featuring unique twisted and rotatable structures. They are further constructed to folate‐decorated polymeric nanoparticles, exhibiting remarkable NIR‐II/photoacoustic imaging performance and superior photothermal conversion efficiency (49.7%). Folate modification enables tumor targeting and BBB permeability through receptor‐mediated transcytosis, allowing for precise and efficient phototherapy in 4T1‐/glioblastoma‐bearing mice after a single intravenous injection and irradiation. This study presents a rational molecular engineering approach and a versatile structural scaffold for designing NIR‐II emitters with tailored photophysical properties and desirable phototherapeutic efficacy, thereby offering novel perspectives on the development of advanced depth imaging probes and brain tumor therapeutics.
Retrospective quality review of Department of Transportation (DOT) commercial drivers medical examination forms
Authors: Starchook‐Moore Maria , Nadeau Ashley , Dabrowski Dominik , Briggs John , Kool LaDonna , Belt Mezzie , Bovard Ralph , Anderson Paul , Kim Hyun , Montoya‐Barthelemy Andre , McKinney Zeke J.
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of completion among both drivers and medical examiners in filling out Commercial Driver's (CD) Medical Examination Report Forms.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional retrospective study of abstracted data from the year 2019. CD Medical Examination Report Forms, collected from a single nationally‐based employer and initially reviewed by corporate medical directors, were evaluated by the study team for completeness of documentation provided by both drivers and medical examiners (MEs). Relevant findings included unanswered questions, inconsistency between responses, and lack of necessary elaboration for positive responses.

Results

Among 1603 examinations, MEs completed the Medical Examination Report Form incompletely or incorrectly in 30% of examinations (n = 484). Drivers inconsistently filled out their health history with elaborations 38.7% of the time. Most commonly, they failed to elaborate on positive health history responses in 28.7% of examinations, but other types of errors were noted as well.

Conclusions

A considerable proportion of drivers or examiners (n = 890, 55%) failed to adequately or correctly complete CD Medical Examination Report forms.
Prevalence of COVID‐19 and Long COVID by Industry and Occupation: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2022
Authors: Silver S. R. , Li J. , Ford N. D. , Shi D. , Saydah S. H.
Published: October 2024

Background

Workers in healthcare and other essential occupations had elevated risks for COVID‐19 infection early in the pandemic. No survey of U.S. workers to date has comprehensively assessed the prevalence of both COVID‐19 and Long COVID across industries and occupations (I&O) at a detailed level.

Methods

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for 2022 from 39 states, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands were used to estimate prevalence of self‐reported history of COVID‐19 and Long COVID, as well as the prevalence of Long COVID among those reporting prior COVID‐19, by broad and detailed I&O. Adjusted prevalence ratios were used to compare outcome prevalence in each I&O to prevalence among all other workers combined.

Results

By broad I&O, workers in healthcare, protective services, and education had elevated prevalences of COVID‐19. The prevalence of Long COVID was elevated in healthcare and protective service but not education workers. Detailed I&O with significantly elevated prevalences of COVID‐19 but not Long COVID included Dairy Product Manufacturing industry workers and subsets of mining workers. Both COVID‐19 and Long COVID were elevated among bartenders/drinking places and personal care and appearance workers. The prevalence of Long COVID was elevated among farmworkers who reported having had COVID‐19.

Conclusions

Industries and occupations with elevated levels of COVID‐19 or Long COVID in this study may warrant increased measures to prevent transmission of airborne respiratory viruses. Accommodations are a key component for supporting workers in all workplaces. This new information about the distribution of Long COVID by I&O suggests where employer understanding and implementation of tailored workplace supports and accommodations are most needed to support continued employment of affected workers.
Managing CDH1 Cancer Risks in a Child: Complex Decision Making in a Family With Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer
Authors: Agaoglu Nihat Bugra , Ng Ozden Hatirnaz , Zemheri Itir Ebru , Unal Busra , Gerenli Nelgin , Tosun Ilkay , Yazıcı Hulya , Ozbek Ugur , Kamihara Junne , Rana Huma Q.
Published: October 2024

Germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in CDH1 cause hereditary diffuse gastric cancer. The management of CDH1 cases with a positive family history includes total prophylactic gastrectomy or intensive surveillance. In this study, we report a 16‐year‐old boy with intramucosal gastric signet ring cells in the setting of a germline CDH1 PV and a family history of early‐onset gastric cancer. The approach to managing both the proband and their 9‐year‐old sister, who also had the CDH1 PV, presented a challenge to both clinicians and the family. Herein, we present the complexities of managing gastric cancer risk when a CDH1 PV is identified in childhood in the setting of a family history of early‐onset gastric cancer.
A Distinctive Type of Mosaic Variegated Aneuploidy: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Frattini Annalisa , Micheloni Giovanni , Musio Antonio , Antunes Marika Bini , Barbot José , Costa Emília , Seabra Patricia , Righi Rossana , Orsini Francesco , Montalbano Giuseppe , Acquati Francesco , Porta Giovanni , Pasquali Francesco , Valli Roberto
Published: October 2024

Mosaic variegated aneuploidy (MVA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by mosaic aneuploidies, predominantly trisomies, involving multiple different chromosomes and tissues. The proportion of aneuploid cells varies, and most patients present with intrauterine growth delay, microcephaly, and a broad spectrum of congenital abnormalities. We report a patient with a distinctive type of MVA discovered in bone marrow (BM) when she was 3‐month‐old due to neutropenia and hypocellular bone marrow. She was followed up for more than 20 years, and different trisomic cells were repeatedly discovered in different tissues, whereas her clinical picture has never been severe. The main sign remained intermittent neutropenia, not cyclic and often not too severe, occasionally with anemia and thrombocytopenia. Retromicrognathia was the only dysmorphic sign. Unlike other patients with MVA, the trisomies in all tissues involved almost invariably chromosomes 18 and 19. Therefore, the peculiarities of our patient were the clinical and the atypical cytogenetic pictures. Nevertheless, we looked for mutations in the seven causative genes of the known types of MVA, but the results were negative. Then, we analyzed the entire exome to find out other possible causing mutations, but also this attempt failed to discover a possible cause of this distinctive form of MVA.
Bullous Lung Disease in Turner Syndrome: An Underrecognized Comorbidity?
Authors: Lu Stevin , Starr Lois J. , Taylor Rachel A. , Yetman Anji T.
Published: October 2024

Congenital pulmonary anomalies in Turner syndrome (TS) are rarely reported. Herein, we describe a female with TS who presented with emphysema in infancy and developed pulmonary hypertension in adulthood. A 4‐month‐old patient presented with recurrent emesis and failure to thrive. Diagnostic testing indicated cardiomegaly and echocardiogram revealed abnormalities including left aortic arch with aberrant right subclavian artery, aortic coarctation, and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. At 19‐months, she underwent surgical intervention through a lateral thoracotomy which exposed numerous small air‐filled blebs over the left lung. She had persistent LV dysfunction postoperatively. At 12‐years‐old, genetic testing revealed 45,X/46,Xidic(Y)(q11.22) and she subsequently received routine treatment for Turner syndrome. At 23‐years‐old, this patient presented to the emergency department with dyspnea, worsening cough, and edema. Echocardiogram demonstrated a reduced LVEF, aortic valve insufficiency, and pulmonary artery (PA) hypertension. CT chest showed multiple apical blebs and cardiac catheterization demonstrated pulmonary hypertension. She was treated with intravenous diuresis and cessation of Humira, which normalized LVEF and reduced PA pressure. Repeat cardiac catheterization 6 months later indicated elevated LVEDP, pulmonary vascular resistance, and mean PA pressures. Altered lymphatic drainage in utero of patients with TS may lead to emphysematous changes in the lungs. These changes may not raise concern in infancy but can possibly contribute to cardiopulmonary pathology in the future. We recommend ongoing routine care to monitor for acquired cardiopulmonary co‐morbidities. Bullous lung disease may occur due to altered lymphatic drainage in patients with TS and may be a risk factor for developing or contributing to pulmonary hypertension.
APOE ε4 carrier status moderates the effect of lifestyle factors on cognitive reserve
Authors: O'Shea Deirdre M. , Zhang Andrea S. , Rader Katana , Shakour Rebecca L. , Besser Lilah , Galvin James E.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION

This study examines the role of lifestyle factors in cognitive reserve among older adults, focusing on the moderating effect of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status.

METHODS

Data from 157 participants aged 45 and older from the Healthy Brain Initiative (HBI) were analyzed. Cognitive reserve was estimated using residual scores from Cognivue Clarity tests after accounting for brain atrophy and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). Lifestyle factors included education, occupational attainment, physical activity, social engagement, diet, and mindfulness. Structural equation models were conducted to assess interactions.

RESULTS

Significant interactions were found between APOE ε4 status and mindfulness and social engagement on cognitive reserve, indicating stronger associations for APOE ε4 carriers.

DISCUSSION

APOE ε4 carriers may benefit more from certain lifestyle factors, potentially through stress reduction and anti‐inflammatory pathways. These findings support integrating APOE ε4 genetic screening into personalized prevention strategies to enhance interventions aimed at preserving cognitive function and delaying dementia onset in at‐risk populations.

Highlights

Mindfulness and social engagement have increased cognitive reserve in APOE ε4 carriers.

Study uses residual scores from Cognivue Clarity tests to estimate cognitive reserve.

APOE ε4 carriers show stronger associations with certain lifestyle factors on cognitive reserve.

Personalized interventions could enhance cognitive resilience in genetically at‐risk populations.

Comprehensive assessment of multiple lifestyle factors highlights targeted intervention benefits.
Mechanical Thrombectomy for Pediatric Stroke: Focal Cerebral Arteriopathy Versus Cardioembolic Etiologies—Pooled Analysis of the Save ChildS and KidClot Cohort
Authors: Boucherit Julien , Psychogios Marios , Kossorotoff Manoëlle , Fiehler Jens , Kerleroux Basile , Kemmling André , Naggara Olivier , Lee Sarah , Nguyen‐Kim Thi Dan Linh , Eugene François , Wildgruber Moritz , Boulouis Gregoire , Sporns Peter B. ,   the Kid Clot and Save ChildS Study Groups
Published: October 2024

Background

The study aimed to compare outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in pediatric patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by focal cerebral arteriopathy (FCA) versus cardioembolism (CE).

Methods

Data from the Save ChildS and KidClot cohorts were merged. Children with AIS because of FCA or CE that underwent MT were included. The study used the Childhood Arterial Ischemic Stroke Standardized Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation (CASCADE) for stroke cause assessment. Descriptive statistics and multivariable regression models were used to analyze final modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) scores, periprocedural complications, and functional outcomes assessed by the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 6 to 12 months.

Results

The analysis included 60 children with 14 FCA and 46 CE cases. CE etiology was associated with better revascularization (good to excellent thrombolysis in cerebral infarction scores) and shift toward better outcomes (common adjusted odds ratio of mRs for CE vs FCA: 0.27, 95% CI: [0.06–0.97], p = 0.039), with no difference in favorable outcome rates. FCA was associated with significantly lower rates of excellent revascularization (21% vs 65%, p < 0.001). No difference in complications' rates was observed between the groups (7.2% in FCA vs 5.5%, p = 0.69).

Interpretation

We found that pediatric AIS because of CE etiology has more favorable procedural outcomes compared to FCA following MT. This translated to mixed functional outcomes that may be more favorable in the CE group. These findings highlight the need for further research to refine treatment protocols for pediatric stroke, particularly in understanding and managing FCA in children. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:195–201
Advanced MRI Measures of Myelin and Axon Volume Identify Repair in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Sanabria‐Diaz Gretel , Cagol Alessandro , Lu Po‐Jui , Barakovic Muhamed , Ocampo‐Pineda Mario , Chen Xinjie , Weigel Matthias , Ruberte Esther , Siebenborn Nina de Oliveira S. , Galbusera Riccardo , Schädelin Sabine , Benkert Pascal , Kuhle Jens , Kappos Ludwig , Melie‐Garcia Lester , Granziera Cristina
Published: October 2024

Objective

Pathological studies suggest that multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions endure multiple waves of damage and repair; however, the dynamics and characteristics of these processes are poorly understood in patients living with MS.

Methods

We studied 128 MS patients (75 relapsing–remitting, 53 progressive) and 72 healthy controls who underwent advanced magnetic resonance imaging and clinical examination at baseline and 2 years later. Magnetization transfer saturation and multi‐shell diffusion imaging were used to quantify longitudinal changes in myelin and axon volumes within MS lesions. Lesions were grouped into 4 classes (repair, damage, mixed repair damage, and stable). The frequency of each class was correlated to clinical measures, demographic characteristics, and levels of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL).

Results

Stable lesions were the most frequent (n = 2,276; 44%), followed by lesions with patterns of “repair” (n = 1,352; 26.2%) and damage (n = 1,214; 23.5%). The frequency of “repair” lesion was negatively associated with disability (β = −0.04; p < 0.001) and sNfL (β = −0.16; p < 0.001) at follow‐up. The frequency of the “damage” class was higher in progressive than relapsing–remitting patients (p < 0.05) and was related to disability (baseline: β = −0.078; follow‐up: β = −0.076; p < 0.001) and age (baseline: β = −0.078; p < 0.001). Stable lesions were more frequent in relapsing–remitting than in progressive patients (p < 0.05), and in younger patients versus older (β = −0.07; p < 0.001) at baseline. Further, “mixed” lesions were most frequent in older patients (β = 0.004; p < 0.001) at baseline.

Interpretation

These findings show that repair and damage processes within MS lesions occur across the entire disease spectrum and that their frequency correlates with patients disability, age, disease duration, and extent of neuroaxonal damage. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:134–148
Halogen‐Driven Single‐Crystal to Single‐Crystal Transformation Engineering the Cluster‐based Spin Crossover Frameworks
Authors: Yang Guang , Ruan Ze‐Yu , Chen Yan‐Cong , Liao Pei‐Yu , Wu Si‐Guo , Ni Zhao‐Ping , Tong Ming‐Liang
Published: October 2024

Cluster‐based spin crossover (SCO) frameworks are a new class of smart metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with diverse structures and topologies and unique bistable physicochemical properties. Here, we report a cluster‐based SCO framework [Fe3{Ag4(CN)6(H2O)}2(TPBA)3](ClO4)2 ⋅ 7DMF (1) with an extremely rare 3,4,6‐T108 topology, in which the tripodal [Ag{Ag(CN)2}3(H2O)]2− clusters axially link the Fe2+ ions to form 2D→3D n‐fold Borromean entangled networks. Under the guidance of reticular chemistry, the post‐synthetic modification (PSM) from 1 with 3,4,6‐T108 topology to [Fe3{Ag8X8(CN)6}(TPBA)3] (2_X, X=Cl, Br, I) with urk topology is firstly achieved via single‐crystal to single‐crystal (SCSC) transformation. Moreover, the successive SCSC transformations from 2_Cl to 2_Br and then to 2_I are realized for the first time. Their SCO behaviors are also modified by halogen‐driven stepwise cluster transformations. Hence, these findings provide new strategies for the development of cluster‐based SCO MOFs towards the smart functional porous materials.
Novel Amorphous Nitride‐Halide Solid Electrolytes with Enhanced Performance for All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Hong Bolong , Gao Lei , Nan Pengfei , Li Yuhang , Liu Ming , Zou Ruqiang , Gu Jun , Xu Qiang , Zhu Jinlong , Han Songbai
Published: October 2024

Solid electrolytes (SEs) in all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) are garnering considerable attention for their potential applications in next‐generation energy storage systems. Amorphous SEs with dual‐anion hold great promise for achieving favorable performance, such as high ionic conductivity and good compatibility with electrodes within ASSBs. Here, we discover a family of amorphous nitride‐halide SEs, Li3xMClyNx (M=Ta or La, 1≤3x≤1.4, y=5 or 3), which can achieve ionic conductivities up to 7.34 mS cm−1 at 30 °C. The amorphous properties and local structures are investigated using powder X‐ray diffraction, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and atomic pair distribution function analysis. Impressively, ASSBs employing amorphous Li3xTaCl5Nx have demonstrated good performance at high rates and charging voltages, as well as at low temperature.
Frustrated Lewis Pair Mediated f‐p‐d Orbital Coupling: Achieving Selective Seawater Oxidation and Breaking *OH and *OOH Scaling Relationship
Authors: Zhu Jiawei , Cui Tong , Chi Jingqi , Wang Tiantian , Guo Lili , Liu Xiaobin , Wu Zexing , Lai Jianping , Wang Lei
Published: October 2024

The development of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst for seawater electrolysis plays a crucial role in producing renewable hydrogen energy. However, during the seawater electrolysis process, the anode inevitably undergoes chloride oxidation reaction (ClOR) due to Cl− adsorption, making the seawater electrolysis process difficult to sustain. Inspired by the selective permeability of cell membranes, we propose a biomimetic design of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) layers for selective seawater oxidation. Combining experimental results and molecular dynamics simulations, it has been demonstrated that cerium dioxide layers with FLPs sites can decompose water molecules, capture hydroxyl anions, and repel chloride ions simultaneously. DFT theoretical analysis indicates that the FLP sites regulate the Ce 4 f−O 2p−Ni 3d gradient orbital coupling, providing additional oxygen non‐bonding (ONB) to stabilize the Ni−O bond and optimize the adsorption strength of intermediates, thereby breaking the *OH and *OOH scaling relationship. The assembled anion exchange membrane electrolyzers exhibit an efficiency of 95.7 % at a current density of 0.1 A cm−2 and can stably operate for 250 hours at a current density of 0.2 A cm−2.
Unleashed Remarkable Energy Storage Performance in Bi0.5K0.5TiO3‐based Relaxor Ferroelectrics by Local Structural Fluctuation
Authors: Cao Weiwei , Li Tianyu , Li Kai , Huang Yueyun , Xie Hailong , Yao Yonghao , Sun Zheng , Lou Chenjie , Zhang Wenda , Xu Chengxin , Zhu Lifeng , Xie Bing , Zhang Ji , Tucker Matthew G. , Liu Hui , Luo Huajie , Tang Mingxue , Chen Jun
Published: October 2024

Dielectric capacitors harvest energy through an electrostatic storage process, which enables an ultrafast charging‐discharging rate and ultrahigh power density. However, achieving high energy density (Wrec) and efficiency (η) simultaneously, especially when preserving them across a wide frequency/temperature range or cycling numbers, remains challenging. In this work, by especially introducing NaTaO3 into the representative ferroelectric relaxor of Bi0.5K0.5TiO3‐Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 and leveraging the mismatch between B‐site atoms, we proposed a method of enhancing local structural fluctuation to refine the polar configuration and to effectively improve its overall energy‐storage performances. As a consequence, the ceramic exhibits an ultrahigh Wrec of 15.0 J/cm3 and high η up to 80 %, along with a very wide frequency stability of 10–200 Hz and extensive cycling number up to 108. In‐depth local structure and chemical environment investigations, consisting of atom‐scale electron microscopy, neutron total scattering, and solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance, reveal that the randomly distributed A/B‐site atom pairs emerge in the system, leading to the evident local structural fluctuations and concomitant polymorphic polar nanodomains. These key ingredients contribute to the large polarization, minimal hysteresis, and high breakdown strength, thereby promoting energy‐storage performances. This work opens a new path for designing high‐performance dielectric capacitors via manipulating local structural fluctuations.
A Knowledge–Data Dual‐Driven Framework for Predicting the Molecular Properties of Rechargeable Battery Electrolytes
Authors: Gao Yu‐Chen , Yuan Yu‐Hang , Huang Suozhi , Yao Nan , Yu Legeng , Chen Yao‐Peng , Zhang Qiang , Chen Xiang
Published: October 2024

Developing rechargeable batteries that operate within a wide temperature range and possess high safety has become necessary with increasing demands. Rapid and accurate assessment of the melting points (MPs), boiling points (BPs), and flash points (FPs) of electrolyte molecules is essential for expediting battery development. Herein, we introduce Knowledge‐based electrolyte Property prediction Integration (KPI), a knowledge–data dual‐driven framework for molecular property prediction of electrolytes. Initially, the KPI collects molecular structures and properties, and then automatically organizes them into structured datasets. Subsequently, interpretable machine learning further explores the structure–property relationships of molecules from a microscopic perspective. Finally, by embedding the discovered knowledge into property prediction models, the KPI achieved very low mean absolute errors of 10.4, 4.6, and 4.8 K for MP, BP, and FP predictions, respectively. The KPI reached state‐of‐the‐art results in 18 out of 20 datasets. Utilizing molecular neighbor search and high‐throughput screening, 15 and 14 promising molecules, with and without Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number, respectively, were predicted for wide‐temperature‐range and high‐safety batteries. The KPI not only accurately predicts molecular properties and deepens the understanding of structure–property relationships but also serves as an efficient framework for integrating artificial intelligence and domain knowledge.