bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pediatric reference values for total psoas muscle area in Korean children and adolescents
Authors: Kim Jisoo , Lee Mi-Jung , Lim Hyun Ji , Kwon Yonghan , Han Kyunghwa , Yoon Haesung
Published: January 2025

Background

Uniform cut-off values cannot be applied to children because muscle mass changes significantly with growth and different population groups have different races and lifestyles, so reference values from healthy children are needed.

Materials and methods

Pediatric patients (≤18 years of age) who underwent abdominal CT for abdominal pain in the emergency room without a past history from January 2015 to January 2021 were enrolled. Total psoas muscle area (tPMA) was calculated as bilateral psoas muscle areas drawn semi-automatically at the levels of L3–4 and L4–5. Graphs for weight and height were drawn and compared using data from the Korean national growth chart. tPMA distributions according to sex and age were obtained using quantile regression with smoothed polynomials. We analyzed correlations of tPMA with weight and height.

Results

A total of 740 pediatric patients were included [M:F = 340:400, 12 years (interquartile range 9–16)]. When compared to the Korean national growth chart, the 50th percentile values for height and weight in study population were not significantly different. At L3–4, the 50th percentile tPMA values ranged from 416 to 2,802 mm2 in males and 370 to 1,501 mm2 in females. The 50th percentile tPMA values for L4–5 ranged from 556 to 3,563 mm2 in males and from 579 to 2007 mm2 in females. In males, tPMA at L3–4 and L4–5 showed positive correlations with weight (r = 0.87; r = 0.87, P < 0.001, both) and height (r = 0.82; r = 0.84, P < 0.001, both). tPMA at L3–4 and L4–5 were positively correlated with weight (r = 0.77; r = 0.81, P < 0.001, both) and height (r = 0.61; r = 0.67, P < 0.001, both) in females.

Conclusion

We provided sex-specific and age-specific growth charts and developed an online calculator for tPMA at the levels of L3–4 and L4–5, which can serve as an evaluation guide for muscle mass in Korean children.
Effects of blood flow restriction training on cardiometabolic health and body composition in adults with overweight and obesity: a meta-analysis
Authors: Kong Hao , Zhang Yilin , Yin Mingyue , Xu Kai , Sun QingGuo , Xie Yun , Girard Olivier
Published: January 2025

Objective

This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) training on cardiometabolic health and body composition in adults with overweight and obesity.

Method

Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus databases was conducted on 15 March 2024. Pooled effects for each outcome were summarized using Hedge’s g (g) through meta-analysis-based random effects models, and subgroup analyses were used to explore moderators.

Results

A total of 11 studies with 242 participants (Age:32.6 ± 3.6, BMI:27.2 ± 3.5) were included. Regarding cardiometabolic health, BFR training significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (g = 0.62 [0.08, 1.16], p = 0.02), while no significant differences were observed in maximal oxygen uptake (g = 0.48 [-0.21, 1.17], p = 0.17) or diastolic blood pressure (g = 0.31 [-0.22, 0.84], p = 0.25). Regarding body composition, BFR training significantly reduced body fat percentage (g = 0.30 [0.01, 0.58]; p = 0.04), while no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in body weight (g = 0.14 [-0.14, 0.42]), body mass index (g = 0.08 [-0.21, 0.38]), waist circumference (g = 0.13 [-0.28, 0.53]), or waist-to-hip ratio (g = 0.48 [-0.19, 1.15]). Subgroup analysis revealed no significant difference in improving systolic blood pressure (g = 0.57 [-0.10, 1.24] vs. g = 0.70 [-0.18, 1.59]) and body fat percentage (g = 0.20 [-0.20, 0.61] vs. g = 0.45 [-0.05, 0.95]) between BFR resistance training and BFR aerobic training. In all selected studies, the overall risk of bias was categorized as “some concern”. The certainty of evidence for the BFR outcomes was low.

Conclusion

BFR training shows promise in improving cardiometabolic health and body composition, indicating that it may serve as a beneficial, individualized exercise prescription for improving cardiovascular disease risk and fat loss in adults with excess body weight and obesity.

Systematic Review Registration:

https://archive.org/details/osf-registrations-uv6jx-v1.
Performing whole-genome association analysis of winter wheat plant height using the 55K chip
Authors: Ding Yindeng , Fan Guiqiang , Gao Yonghong , Huang Tianrong , Zhou Anding , Yu Shan , Zhao Lianjia , Shi Xiaolei , Ding Sunlei , Hao Jiahao , Wang Wei , Song Jikun , Sun Na , Fang Hui
Published: January 2025

Plant height is a critical agronomic that affects both plant architecture and yield. To decipher the genetic mechanisms underlying winter wheat plant height and identify candidate genes associated with this trait, we conducted phenotypic analysis on 239 wheat varieties (lines) collected from around the world. This analysis was complemented by genotyping using the wheat 55K SNP chip. A Wholegenome association analysis (GWAS) of wheat plant height was conducted utilizing the MLM (Q+K) model within TASSLE software. The results revealed significant phenotypic variation in wheat plant height across different years, with coefficients of variation ranging from 0.96% to 1.97%. Additionally, there was a strong correlation in plant height measurements between different years. GWAS identified 44 SNP markers significantly associated with wheat plant height across various environments (P ≤ 0.00001), predominantly distributed on chromosomes 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3B, 3D, 4A, 4B, 6B, 6D, and 7D, explaining individual phenotypic variance rates ranging from 5.00% to 11.11%. Further, by mining association loci with substantial phenotypic effects and stability across multiple environments, seven candidate genes related to wheat plant height have been identified. This study provides new genetic markers and resources for improving wheat plant height.
Effects of exogenous spraying of melatonin on the growth of Platycrater arguta under drought stress
Authors: Zhang Xule , Ma Xiaohua , Hu Yaping , Hu Qingdi , Wen Junxiu , Chen Yizeng , Qian Renjuan , Zheng Jian
Published: January 2025

Platycrater arguta is a rare and endangered deciduous shrub originating from the Tertiary Period. Understanding its drought tolerance is crucial for conservation efforts and enhancing its resilience to environmental stress. This study aimed to assess the effects of varying levels of drought stress on the phenotype and physiological–biochemical characteristics of P. arguta. The study subjected P. arguta to different levels of drought stress using 10%, 20%, and 30% polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000) over a 10-day period. Additionally, the effects of exogenous melatonin application at various concentrations (including 100 µM) were examined to determine its potential in alleviating drought-induced damage. Key parameters measured included leaf relative water content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), antioxidant enzyme activity, and soluble sugar content. Drought stress significantly inhibited the growth of P. arguta. As PEG-6000 concentration increased, leaf relative water content and net photosynthetic rate decreased, while leaf wilting severity, membrane damage, antioxidant enzyme activity, and soluble sugar content increased. A 30% PEG-6000 concentration caused irreversible damage, leading to plant death. Exogenous application of 100 µM melatonin alleviated this damage by increasing leaf relative water content, enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, boosting antioxidant enzyme activity, accumulating osmotic regulators, and reducing leaf desiccation. The study demonstrated that P. arguta is sensitive to severe drought conditions, with 30% PEG-6000 causing irreversible damage. However, the application of 100 µM melatonin significantly improved the plant's drought tolerance by upregulating the expression of ABI1 and downregulating genes such as AUX1A-2, IAA2-2, and HP2-1. This finding highlights the potential of melatonin as a protective agent against drought stress, providing valuable insights for the conservation and enhancement of P. arguta's resilience to environmental challenges.
Mapping neuro-disabilities and their dimensions among under 5 years of age children in the southern agricultural corridor of Tanzania: a preliminary baseline survey
Authors: Chilipweli Peter M. , Basinda Namanya , Sabuni Paul Alikado , Hyera Fredy , Liana Upendojackline , Leeyio Titus Robert , Nyanza Elias C. , Ngowi Awerasia Vera
Published: January 2025

Background

Neuro-disabilities involve impairments of the nervous system, affecting brain development and functioning. Due to limited scientific data on neuro-disabilities in Tanzania, this study examines maternal characteristics in high-risk areas, such as the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor (SAGCOT).

Methods

This cross-sectional study sampled 286 children aged 0–5 years and their mothers in the SAGCOT region. Each mother selected the youngest child within the specified age range. Multi-stage sampling was used to choose clusters and areas for the study. The Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool (M-DAT) was used to assess the children’s developmental levels. Descriptive analysis determined distribution patterns, while multivariate analyses were performed to identify significant factors. Modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

The study included 286 mother–child pairs from four clusters: Ihemi, Kilombero, Ludewa, and Mbarali. The children’s median age was 24 months, with the majority aged between 13 and 48 months. Boys constituted a slight majority (59.4%). The majority of mothers were married (72.4%), had primary education (56.6%), and were engaged in non-farming occupations (56.3%). Neurodevelopmental assessments revealed that 11.2% of children were fully developed, while 88.8% exhibited development delays. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals identified significant associations between developmental domains and demographic variables such as age, gender, marital status, and maternal occupation.

Conclusion

The study highlights a high prevalence of neuro-disability among children in Tanzania’s southern corridor, revealing disparities across regions and the impact of factors such as gender and marital status. Targeted interventions are essential to address these developmental challenges effectively and promote optimal child development and wellbeing.
The role of Mitofusin-1 and Mitofusin-2 in periodontal disease: a comprehensive review
Authors: Varma Sudhir R. , Ani Omar H. A. A. , Narayanan Jayaraj K. , Mathew Asok
Published: January 2025

Periodontal disease is a widespread chronic inflammatory state influencing the supporting anatomy of the teeth, distinguished by oxidative stress, progressive bone loss, and tissue damage. Recent articles have highlighted the significance of mitochondrial dynamics, mainly Mitofusin-1 (MFN1) along with Mitofusin-2 (MFN2), inflammation regulation, tissue homeostasis, and in cellular function. The aim of the current study is to comprehensively review including evaluate the roles of MFN2 and MFN1 in the pathogenesis as well as the progression of periodontal disease, foregrounding their effect on mitochondrial integrity, inflammatory pathways, and oxidative stress. Studies were selected depending on inclusion criteria based on the roles of MFN2 and MFN1 in periodontal disease and health. Data from chosen in vivo, clinical studies, and in vitro were synthesized. Outcomes indicate that MFN2 and MFN1 are important for preserving cellular function, mitigating oxidative damage, and mitochondrial fusion. Decreased levels of these proteins were related to elevated oxidative stress, inflammation, and increased mitochondrial dysfunction in periodontal tissues. The current comprehensive review shows the important roles of MFN1 along with MFN2 in inflammation regulation, cell survival, and mitochondrial dynamics within periodontal disease. The prospective for targeting MFN1 along with MFN2 in therapeutic policy is promising, presenting avenues for upgraded periodontal management and regeneration.
Using the knife to build the trust? The role of trust in the decision-making process of aesthetic surgeons and women patients/clients
Authors: Honelová Michaela , Cook Peta , Vidovićová Lucie
Published: January 2025

Trust is a fundamental element in decision-making processes. In medicine, trust also helps to build relationships between patients/clients and doctors (aesthetic surgeons) and will influence a woman’s decision to undergo aesthetic/cosmetic surgery. Patients/clients, as well as aesthetic surgeons, use different ways to build trust. Our analyses are based on fifteen qualitative interviews with aesthetic surgeons, fifteen qualitative interviews with women who have undergone or are planning to undergo aesthetic surgery procedure(s) and non-participatory observations at the clinic of aesthetic surgery in the Czech Republic. Based on our analysis, three levels of trust were identified: macro level: trust in medicine as a social institution; meso level: a priori trust to the aesthetic surgeon; and micro level: trust in aesthetic surgeon and/or other medical staff in the process of medical aesthetic encounters. These results call for further studies outside of primary care and a deeper understanding of how these ‘voluntary’ medical specialties work and influence patients/clients and their ‘treatment’.
Rapid and specific on-site H5Nx avian influenza diagnosis via RPA and PAM-independent CRISPR-Cas12a assay combined with anti-NP antibody-based viral RNA purification
Authors: Song Jin-Ha , Son Seung-Eun , Kim Ho-Won , Kim Seung-Ji , An Se-Hee , Lee Chung-Young , Kwon Hyuk-Joon , Choi Kang-Seuk
Published: January 2025

Rapid and accurate detection of H5Nx avian influenza viruses is critical for effective surveillance and control measures. Currently, RT-qPCR with spin column RNA extraction is the gold standard for HPAIV surveillance, but its long reaction time and need for specialized equipment limit its effectiveness for rapid response. In this study, we introduce a centrifuge-free, rapid detection method for on-site detection of H5Nx viruses that combines magnetic bead-based ribonucleoprotein (RNP) purification and concentration with a CRISPR-Cas12a system that is independent of the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence. Our approach employs anti-NP monoclonal antibodies for the targeted isolation of RNA bound to RNPs, facilitating a quick and specific RNA extraction process that negates the need for centrifugation. Additionally, by denaturing the RT-RPA amplicon using 60% DMSO, we activate the trans-ssDNA cleavage activity of the Cas12a protein without the need for a specific PAM (5’-TTTV-3′) sequence. This strategy increases flexibility in CRISPR RNA design, providing a significant advantage when targeting genes with high variability. We validated the efficacy of our magnetic RNP purification and concentration method in combined with an RT-RPA/PAM-independent Cas12a assay for detecting the H5 gene. The assay achieved a sensitivity threshold of 101 EID50 with fluorescent detection and 102 EID50 using lateral flow strips. It also exhibited high specificity, yielding positive results solely for H5Nx viruses among various influenza A virus subtypes. Furthermore, in clinical samples, the assay demonstrated 80% sensitivity and 100% specificity. These results highlight the advantages of using NP-specific antibodies for RNP purification and CRISPR-Cas12a with viral gene-specific crRNA to achieve exceptional diagnostic specificity.
Possible relationship between long-term post neutering complications in dogs and caregiver burden in the owners
Authors: Bastan Idil
Published: January 2025

Gonadectomy, commonly known as neutering, is widely used to address dog overpopulation and reduce reproductive disease risks, such as mammary cancer and pyometra. It is also advocated for behavior modification. However, neutering is associated with an increased risk of certain musculoskeletal disorders, obesity, several types of cancer, immune-mediated diseases, and cognitive dysfunction. These conditions may necessitate ongoing care and treatment, that require special care that the caregiver must provide furthermore burdens the caregiver with daily tasks, which encompasses the emotional, physical, social, and financial impact on pet owners caring for chronically ill animals. This burden can result in burnout, health issues, depression, social isolation, and financial stress. The potential benefits and risk of gonadectomy can affect the quality of life of both humans and pets. Relevant research findings should therefore be incorporated into each pet's and owner's particular situation. The purpose of this review is to address the long-term neutering risks and the potential caregiver burden that arises from these risks.
Intelligent Robust Control of Roadheader Based on Disturbance Observer
Authors: Wang Shuo , Wang Dongjie , Ma Aixiang , Yan Xihao , Zhao Sihai
Published: January 2025

The formation of a coal mine roadway cross-section is a primary task of the boom-type roadheader. This paper proposes an intelligent robust control scheme for the cutting head trajectory of a coal mine tunneling robot, which is susceptible to unknown external disturbances, system nonlinearity, and parameter uncertainties. First, the working conditions of the cutting section were analyzed, and a mathematical model was established. Then, a high-gain disturbance observer was designed based on the system model to analyze cutting loads and compensate for uncertainties and disturbances. A sliding mode controller was proposed using the backstepping design method, incorporating a saturation function control term to avoid chattering. The eel foraging optimization algorithm was also improved and used to tune the controller parameters. A simulation model of the system was developed for performance comparison tests. Finally, experimental verification was conducted under actual working conditions in a tunnel face, and the results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Improving Medical Image Quality Using a Super-Resolution Technique with Attention Mechanism
Authors: Lee Dong Yun , Kim Jang Yeop , Cho Soo Young
Published: January 2025

Image quality plays a critical role in medical image analysis, significantly impacting diagnostic outcomes. Sharp and detailed images are essential for accurate diagnoses, but acquiring high-resolution medical images often demands sophisticated and costly equipment. To address this challenge, this study proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based super-resolution architecture, utilizing a melanoma dataset to enhance image resolution through deep learning techniques. The proposed model incorporates a convolutional self-attention block that combines channel and spatial attention to emphasize important image features. Channel attention uses global average pooling and fully connected layers to enhance high-frequency features within channels. Meanwhile, spatial attention applies a single-channel convolution to emphasize high-frequency features in the spatial domain. By integrating various attention blocks, feature extraction is optimized and further expanded through subpixel convolution to produce high-quality super-resolution images. The model uses L1 loss to generate realistic and smooth outputs, outperforming existing deep learning methods in capturing contours and textures. Evaluations with the ISIC 2020 dataset—containing 33126 training and 10982 test images for skin lesion analysis—showed a 1–2% improvement in peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) compared to very deep super-resolution (VDSR) and enhanced deep super-resolution (EDSR) architectures.
Novel Deep Learning Method in Hip Osteoarthritis Investigation Before and After Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Pantonial Roel , Simic Milan
Published: January 2025

The application of gait analysis on patients with Hip Osteoarthritis (HOA) before and after Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) surgery can provide accurate diagnostics, reliable treatment decision making, and proper rehabilitation efforts. Acquired kinematic trajectories provide discriminating features that can be used to determine the gait patterns of healthy subjects and the effects of surgical operation. However, there is still a lack of consensus on the best discriminating kinematics to achieve this. Our investigation aims to utilize Deep Learning (DL) methodologies and improve classification results for the kinematic parameters of healthy, HOA, and 6 months post-THA gait cycles. Kinematic angles from the lower limb are used directly as one-dimensional inputs into a DL model. Based on the human gait cycle’s features, a hybrid Long Short-Term Memory–Convolutional Neural Network (HLSTM-CNN) is designed for the classification of healthy/HOA/THA gaits. It was found, from the results, that the sagittal angles of hip and knee, and front angles of FPA and knee, provide the most discriminating results with accuracy above 94% between healthy and HOA gaits. Interestingly, when using the sagittal angles of hip and knee to analyze the THA gaits, common subjects have the same results on the misclassifications. This crucial information provides a glimpse in the determination for the success or failure of THA.
An Investigation of the Entropy Associated with a Collapsing Molecular Cloud
Authors: Kumssa Gemechu Muleta
Published: January 2025

The investigation of entropy variation during the star formation process within collapsing molecular clouds represents a significant field of inquiry in astrophysics. As the cloud contracts, the presence of gaseous components contributes to an increase in entropy; however, the degree of this entropy change is contingent upon the spatial constraints imposed on the gases. In this research endeavor, I perform a comprehensive analysis of entropy dynamics on a microcosmic level within the contracting cloud, adhering to the tenets of the second law of thermodynamics. The initial focus centers on a turbulent cloud consisting of N particles, each with a mass of M, which succumbs to gravitational forces. It becomes evident that for the collapse to transpire, the gravitational energy must surpass the opposing pressure forces, resulting in the swift movement of particles throughout the cloud and ultimately facilitating a shift in entropy.
The Effect of Free Weight Resistance Training on Cognitive Function Explored Through Eye Tracking: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Mateluna-Núñez Cristián , Ibáñez-Orellana Romualdo , Campos-Rojas César , Santana-Covarrubias Andrea , Fuentes Figueroa Rodrigo , Martínez-Flores Ricardo
Published: January 2025

In this study, we investigated the impact of a 10-week free weight resistance training (RT) program on cognitive function in healthy young adults. In this randomized controlled trial, 18 participants were assigned to either an experimental or control group. We assessed cognitive function by using eye-tracking (ET) technology during text processing tasks. First-pass reading times (FPRTs) and total reading times (TRTs) were measured. Results revealed a significant three-way interaction between group, moment, and syntactic complexity in FPRTs, demonstrating training effects on cognitive processing. The experimental group showed a distinctive shift in processing patterns: from longer times in low complexity pre-intervention to increased times in high complexity post-intervention, particularly in early processing measures (FPRTs). Complementary analyses of strength improvements showed that increased strength was associated with enhanced attention allocation to complex structures and improved processing efficiency for simpler texts, suggesting RT’s potential to modulate cognitive function.
Exploring Students Online Learning Behavioral Engagement in University: Factors, Academic Performance and Their Relationship
Authors: Wang Yonghong , Zuo Mingzhang , He Xiangchun , Wang Zhifeng
Published: January 2025

As online learning platforms become prevalent, online learning has been an important way for college students. Online learning engagement, as an evaluation of online learning quality, is crucial for enhancing learning quality and promoting higher education by investigating college students’ engagement and its influencing factors in the online learning environment. This paper aims to identify key factors affecting college students’ online learning behavioral engagement. Based on a literature review, the Delphi expert consultation method was used to build an assessment framework covering five dimensions (participation, concentration, interaction, challenge, and self-monitoring) with sixteen specific indicators. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) determined the weights of these factors. Then, data from 63 students using the “Ketangpai” online learning platform were collected and analyzed to explore the correlation and predictive relationships between online learning behavior indicators and academic achievements. The results showed a strong correlation between the frequency of accessing online learning resources and long-term online learning and academic performance, and a prediction model was established. The framework offers theoretical and methodological insights for designing online learning activities and evaluating learning quality. It supports intervening in and assessing college students’ online learning processes and improving learning quality. Also, exploring the relationship helps educators formulate personalized online teaching strategies, improving online education effectiveness and students’ learning experiences.
Does Total Neoadjuvant Therapy Impact Surgical Precision in Total Mesorectal Excision? A Nationwide Survey of the Experiences of Expert Surgeons
Authors: Jäger Tarkan , Zitt Matthias , Riss Stefan , Presl Jaroslav , Schredl Philipp , Neureiter Daniel , Ramspott Jan Philipp , Tschann Peter , Brunner Walter , Nehoda Hermann , Pressl Gerd , Rohregger Klemens , Sucher Robert , Jenic Gerhard , Heuberger Andreas , Kafka-Ritsch Reinhold , Tschmelitsch Jörg , Schabl Lukas , Dornauer Isabella , Dermuth Florentina , Rokitte Karin , Singhartinger Franz , Holzinger Josef , Königsrainer Ingmar , Emmanuel Klaus , Aigner Felix
Published: January 2025

Background: The treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) has steadily progressed over the past four decades, with recent focus shifting towards total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT). This survey aims to elucidate the perceived surgical challenges faced by Austrian colorectal surgeons performing total mesorectal excision (TME), focusing on the increased complexity and surgical difficulty introduced by intensified treatment regimens. Methods: A comprehensive survey was conducted among Austrian colorectal surgeons to explore various aspects of managing and performing TME following TNT. The survey included questions on the general management of LARC within their institutions and utilized a five-point Likert scale to assess the respondents’ perceptions and experiences regarding surgical precision and post-operative morbidity associated with TNT. Results: A total of 31 surgeons (54% response rate) completed the survey. Regarding multidisciplinary therapy preferences, 56% of respondents preferred conventional neoadjuvant therapy regimens, with 32% favoring chemoradiotherapy and 24% opting for short-course radiotherapy, while 31% chose TNT. The majority of respondents (65%) reported quality differences in tissue dissection during TME following TNT, with 57% experiencing difficulties in identifying tissue planes and 47% noting increased tissue fragility. Increased bleeding was reported by 32% of respondents. In cases of regrowth after a watch-and-wait approach, 64% observed quality changes in tissue dissection, and 47% noted tissue fragility. Conclusions: The survey results indicate that TNT impairs surgical precision due to changes in tissue quality and challenges in identifying surgical planes. Given the critical importance of surgical precision in achieving low local recurrence rates in mid-to-low LARC, these challenges could significantly impact patient outcomes. Further prospective studies are required to elucidate the extent of these effects.
Peri-Implant Soft Tissue in Contact with Zirconium/Titanium Abutments from Histological and Biological Perspectives: A Concise Review
Authors: Abouel Maaty Fatma A. N. , Ragab Mai A. , El-Ghazawy Yasmin M. , Elfaiedi Fatma I. , Abbass Marwa M. S. , Radwan Israa Ahmed , Rady Dina , El Moshy Sara , Korany Nahed Sedky , Ahmed Geraldine M. , Dörfer Christof E. , El-Sayed Karim M. Fawzy
Published: January 2025

Dental implants are crucial in contemporary oral rehabilitation, necessitating optimal integration with the surrounding soft tissues for durable success. The attachment between the implant surface and peri-implant mucosa should establish a secure seal to prevent bacterial infiltration and subsequent tissue inflammation. This concise review examines the histological and biological perspectives of peri-implant soft tissue reactions to zirconium and titanium abutments, shedding light on their respective advantages and limitations. While titanium has been the gold standard, zirconia has gained attention due to its biocompatibility and aesthetic appeal. Histological studies show comparable soft tissue attachment and inflammatory responses between the two materials. Further research is needed to explore surface treatments and optimize outcomes in dental implant rehabilitation.
Inhibition of Melanogenesis via Passive Immune Targeted Alpha-MSH Binder Polypeptide
Authors: Jeong Se-Hyo , Kim Hun-Hwan , Rodelas-Angelia Abigail Joy D. , Angelia Mark Rickard N. , Bhosale Pritam Bhagwan , Kim Eun-Hye , Jung Tae-Sung , Ahn Mee-Jung , Kim Gon-Sup
Published: January 2025

Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a hormone that stimulates the formation of melanin, which is responsible for protecting the skin from UV rays. However, excessive production of melanin causes pigmentation, leading to skin disorders, such as melasma and freckles. Using phage display technology, we screened a modified hagfish VLRB (α-MSH target binding polypeptide) library for polypeptides that recognize α-MSH. This was expressed in E. coli to produce binding proteins that specifically bind to α-MSH. In this study, we investigated the effect of α-MSH binder protein on the inhibition of melanogenesis in B16F10 cells stimulated with α-MSH and the mechanism of inhibition. The α-MSH-induced inhibition of intracellular and extracellular melanogenesis was accompanied by the downregulation of TRP1 and TRP2, and melanogenesis-related proteins, such as tyrosinase and MITF, were significantly downregulated. These results suggest that the α-MSH binder polypeptide regulates melanogenesis inhibition and its associated mechanisms.
Treatment Options for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer After Failure of Previous Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Chemotherapy: Meta-Analysis of Five Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Messori Andrea , Ossato Andrea , Gasperoni Lorenzo , Del Bono Luna , Inno Alessandro , Damuzzo Vera
Published: January 2025

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), either alone or in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy, are effective in the first-line treatment of metastatic, non-oncogene-addicted, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, when NSCLC patients progress, the efficacy of available treatment options is limited. Methods: We undertook a meta-analysis that compared combination regimens with the current standard of care. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included (endpoint, overall survival [OS]). Our analysis used an artificial intelligence software program that reconstructs individual patient data from Kaplan–Meier curves. Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was the main parameter. Heterogeneity was based on Wald’s test and likelihood ratio test. Results: Five RCTs were included, whose experimental arms included five different combinations. In our analysis, these combination regimes showed no OS benefit compared to chemotherapy (HR = 1.066, 95%CI, 0.9311 to 1.221; p = 0.35). Among the five control arms, cross-trial heterogeneity was remarkably low (likelihood ratio test = 3.76 on 4 df, p = 0.40; Wald test = 3.83 on 4 df, p = 0.40. Discussion: In conclusion, five new second-line combination treatments for patients with NSCLC were not found to determine any benefit in terms of OS in comparison with the current standard of care.
Emerging Marine Nematodes as Model Organisms: Which Species for Which Question?
Authors: Semprucci Federica , Grassi Eleonora , Cocozza di Montanara Adele , Sandulli Roberto , Baldrighi Elisa
Published: January 2025

Marine nematodes possess all the prerequisites to serve as “simpler models” for investigating biological phenomena and are gaining attention as emerging model organisms. This review evaluates their potential to address diverse biological questions regarding ecosystem functioning, climate change adaptation, host–microbe interactions, ecotoxicology, and biotechnological applications. Among the reviewed taxa, Litoditis marina and select Monhysteridae species, such as Diplolaimella dievengatensis, Halomonhystera disjuncta, and Diplolaimelloides spp., emerge as leading candidates due to their manageable life cycles, adaptability to laboratory conditions, and available genomic resources. These tiny organisms provide valuable insights into phenomena such as developmental plasticity, epigenetic regulation, and adaptive responses to environmental stress. Symbiotic relationships in Stilbonematinae and Astomonematinae, alongside the antimicrobial properties of the Oncholaimidae species, offer unique opportunities to explore mutualistic evolution and resilience in extreme environments. Despite challenges in culturing these species, recent advances in culturing other meiofaunal organisms with chemosynthetic symbionts have opened up promising opportunities. The roles of marine nematodes as ethical and versatile models position them to address pressing challenges in biological and biomedical research, highlighting their significant potential for future studies.
Hydrolethalus Syndrome: A Case of a Rare Congenital Disorder
Authors: Belengeanu Valerica , Marian Diana , Stana Horia Ademir , Cojocariu Carolina , Popescu Cristina , Lile Ioana Elena
Published: January 2025

This is a fatal case of multiple complicated congenital anomalies displaying several symptoms consistent with hydrolethalus syndrome. The newborn’s phenotype is characterized by a combination of serious anatomical abnormalities such as open-book cerebral hemispheres, defective lobulation of the lungs (one lobe on the left, two on the right), a smaller right kidney, a smooth cerebral surface, and a specific keyhole-shaped defect in the skull base, primarily associated with hydrocephalus.
Diagnostic Potential of CTRP5 and Chemerin for Coronary Artery Disease: A Study by Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Okan Taha , Altın Cihan , Topaloglu Caner , Doruk Mehmet , Yılmaz Mehmet Birhan
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: As an endocrine organ, adipose tissue produces adipokines that influence coronary artery disease (CAD). The objective of this study was to assess the potential value of CTRP5 and chemerin in differentiating coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA)-confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD) versus non-CAD. Secondarily, within the CCTA-confirmed CAD group, the aim was to investigate the relationship between the severity and extent of CAD, as determined by coronary artery calcium score (CACS), and the levels of CTRP5 and chemerin. Methods: Consecutive individuals with chest pain underwent CCTA to evaluate coronary artery anatomy and were divided into two groups. The CCTA-confirmed CAD group included patients with any atherosclerotic plaque (soft, mixed, or calcified) regardless of calcification, while the non-CAD group consisted of individuals without plaques on CCTA, with zero CACS, and without ischemia on stress ECG. Secondarily, in the CCTA-confirmed CAD group, the severity and extent of CAD were evaluated using CACS. Blood samples were collected and stored at −80 °C for analysis of CTRP5 and chemerin levels via ELISA. Results: Serum CTRP5 and chemerin levels were significantly higher in the CAD group compared to the non-CAD group (221.83 ± 103.81 vs. 149.35 ± 50.99 ng/mL, p = 0.003 and 105.02 ± 35.62 vs. 86.07 ± 19.47 ng/mL, p = 0.005, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that a CTRP5 cutoff of 172.30 ng/mL had 70% sensitivity and 73% specificity for identifying CAD, while a chemerin cutoff of 90.46 ng/mL had 61% sensitivity and 62% specificity. A strong positive correlation was observed between CTRP5 and chemerin, but neither adipokine showed a correlation with the Agatston score, a measure of CAD severity and extent, nor with coronary artery stenosis as determined by CCTA. Conclusions: CTRP5 and chemerin were significantly elevated in the CCTA-confirmed CAD group compared to the non-CAD group, with CTRP5 showing greater sensitivity and specificity. However, neither adipokine was linked to CAD severity and extent, differing from findings based on invasive coronary angiography (ICA). CTRP5 may serve as a promising “all-or-none biomarker” for CAD presence.
The Influence of Posterior Class II Composite Restoration Location and Techniques on Marginal Sealing
Authors: Haddad Mishel , Lugassy Diva , Barhum Mohana , Brosh Tamar , Matalon Shlomo
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The success of treatment and prevention for secondary caries hinges significantly on the techniques employed in Class II composite restoration. Additionally, the location of the restored tooth within the oral cavity has emerged as a potential factor determining the quality of the restoration. A comprehensive understanding of these interrelated variables is crucial for advancing the efficacy and durability of dental composite restorations. The aim of this study was to assess how various restoration techniques and the specific location of the tooth restoration in the oral cavity affect marginal sealing, verified by the gap created in the tooth–restoration interface. Methods: Sixty extracted human teeth that had been indicated for orthodontic extraction were collected and embedded into a custom-made holder that was located in one of the four quadrants of a laboratory phantom head. Class II resin composite restorations, using flowable and packable composites, were performed on all teeth using two techniques: Pre-cure and Co-cure. The aging of the restored teeth was conducted using cyclic loading and thermocycling. After aging, the teeth were examined under a scanning electron microscope to measure the gap within the tooth–composite interface. Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests were used to assess the data distribution. Unpaired T-tests were employed to compare the mean gaps between the Pre-cure and Co-cure techniques. Additionally, unpaired T-tests were utilized to compare the mean gaps between the mesial and distal parts of the teeth. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the mean gaps among the four quadrants. The statistical significance was set at p = 0.05. Results: No significant difference in the gaps between the Pre-cure and Co-cure techniques was found (p = 0.212). The tooth’s location did not generally affect the restoration’s gap interface (p = 0.136). Conclusions: Flowable composites aid in restoring the deep margins of Class II composite restoration. Thus, the potential for further microleakage is similar for both the Pre-cure and Co-cure restoration techniques. The marginal seal of Class II composite restorations is effective when using both Pre-cure and Co-cure techniques, and the restoration site within the oral cavity does not significantly influence the tooth–composite interface seal.
Clear Aligner Treatment: Indications, Advantages, and Adverse Effects—A Systematic Review
Authors: Hartogsohn Clara Rasborg , Sonnesen Liselotte
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Clear aligner treatment (CAT) has gained interest among clinicians as well as among patients. The aim of the present study was to systematically review the literature regarding current viewpoints on indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, and adverse effects in CAT. Methods: A search was performed in the PubMed and Embase databases, yielding 18 studies eligible for inclusion. Results: Current indications for CAT are mild to moderate malocclusions. Severe malocclusions with impactions or severe craniofacial skeletal deviations are contraindications. The advantages were oral hygiene and oral health as the most common, and disadvantages of CAT have been noted by several studies, including CAT still being inferior to fixed appliance treatment (FAT) in all orthodontic movements. Adverse effects were potential health risks due to microplastics and a decrease in condyle bone volume. Conclusions: No firm conclusions can be drawn regarding indications for CAT except for mild to moderate malocclusion. Severe malocclusions with impactions or severe craniofacial skeletal deviations are considered contraindications. In more complex cases, CAT is still considered inferior to FAT, although CAT contains advantages. There are disadvantages in CAT which clinicians should consider when choosing a type of orthodontic appliance for treating specific malocclusions. Only a few adverse effects in CAT were presented by the included studies. More high-quality research is needed regarding indications and contraindications for CAT.
Robust Momentum-Enhanced Non-Negative Tensor Factorization for Accurate Reconstruction of Incomplete Power Consumption Data
Authors: Shi Dengyu , Xie Tangtang
Published: January 2025

Power consumption (PC) data are fundamental for optimizing energy use and managing industrial operations. However, with the widespread adoption of data-driven technologies in the energy sector, maintaining the integrity and quality of these data has become a significant challenge. Missing or incomplete data, often caused by equipment failures or communication disruptions, can severely affect the accuracy and reliability of data analyses, ultimately leading to poor decision-making and increased operational costs. To address this, we propose a Robust Momentum-Enhanced Non-Negative Tensor Factorization (RMNTF) model, which integrates three key innovations. First, the model utilizes adversarial loss and L2 regularization to enhance its robustness and improve its performance when dealing with incomplete data. Second, a sigmoid function is employed to ensure that the results remain non-negative, aligning with the inherent characteristics of PC data and improving the quality of the analysis. Finally, momentum optimization is applied to accelerate the convergence process, significantly reducing computational time. Experiments conducted on two publicly available PC datasets, with data densities of 6.65% and 4.80%, show that RMNTF outperforms state-of-the-art methods, achieving an average reduction of 16.20% in imputation errors and an average improvement of 68.36% in computational efficiency. These results highlight the model’s effectiveness in handling sparse and incomplete data, ensuring that the reconstructed data can support critical tasks like energy optimization, smart grid maintenance, and predictive analytics.
The Creation of Virtual Stands in the Metaverse: Applications for the Textile Sector
Authors: Jover Vicente , Sempere Silvia , Ferrándiz Santiago
Published: January 2025

This study explores the potential of the Metaverse in designing trade-fair stands for the exhibition of products and services related to the textile sector, with a particular focus on upholstery fabrics. The primary aim is to enhance relations between manufacturers and customers by leveraging virtual environments. This research is part of a broader investigation into the applications of the Metaverse within the framework of Industry 5.0, emphasizing design aspects and user engagement. The applied methodology seeks to extend the functionalities of traditional physical stands while offering a viable alternative for the promotion and sale of textile products. To create the digital environment, the Metaverse platform, Spatial.io, and its Spatial Toolkit—featuring a Unity-based template which allows for the more efficient editing of scenarios in their three-dimensional aspects—were employed. Although the template is subject to certain limitations imposed by Spatial, such as restricted access to Unity’s full capabilities, these constraints were mitigated through effective programming. This enabled the incorporation of a texture selector, allowing users to combine and visualize fabric options dynamically. The authors of this article have designed a virtual stand in alignment with client specifications by applying compositional resources grounded in basic design principles of modernity and simple structural systems. This virtual stand was tested at the Habitat Fair in Valencia 2024. The results demonstrate the promising potential of these emerging technologies in advancing the capabilities of the textile sector.
Technoeconomic Feasibility of Wind and Solar Generation for Off-Grid Hyperscale Data Centres
Authors: Rollinson William , Urquhart Andrew , Thomson Murray
Published: January 2025

As a global community our use of data is increasing exponentially with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), leading to a vast increase in the energy demand for data centres worldwide. Delivering this increased energy demand is a global challenge, which the rapid growth of renewable generation deployment could solve. For many data centre giants such as Google, Amazon, and Microsoft this has been the solution to date via power purchase agreements (PPAs). However, insufficient investment in grid infrastructure globally has both renewable generation developers and data centre developers facing challenges to connect to the grid. This paper considers the costs and carbon emissions associated with stand-alone hybrid renewable and gas generation microgrids that could be deployed either before a grid connection is available, or to allow the data centre to operate entirely off-grid. WindPRO 4.0 software is used to find optimal configurations with wind and solar generation, backed up by battery storage and onsite gas generation. The results show that off-grid generation could provide lower cost and carbon emissions for each of Europe’s data centre hotspots in Frankfurt, London, Amsterdam, Paris, and Dublin. This paper compares each generation configuration to grid equivalent systems and an onsite gas-only generation solution. The results showed that each hybrid renewable generation configuration had a reduced levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and reduced CO2eq emissions compared to that of its grid and gas-only equivalent. Previous literature does not consider the economic implications caused by a mismatch between generation and consumption. Therefore, this paper introduces a new metric to evaluate and compare the economic performance of each microgrid, the levelized cost of energy utilised (LCOEu) which gives the levelized cost of energy for a given microgrid considering only the energy which is consumed by the data centre. The LCOEu across all sites was found to be between 70 and 102 GBP/MWh with emissions between 0.021 and 0.074 tCO2eq/MWh.