bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
صور حرية الفكر والتعبير
Authors:   الجامعة الإسلامية في لبنان - الجامعة اللبنانية, طه يوسف فاضل ,   كلية التربية - جامعة الكوفة
Published: December 2024

شهد العلم منذ فجر التاريخ وحتى اليوم تطوراً كبيراً في وسائل التعبير عن الرأي، وذلك بطرق عديدة، كالإشارات والأصوات ثم تحولت هذه إلى لغات والتي كان يعبر عنها برموز عديدة كانت وسيلة الإنسان لاكتشاف الكتابة .
وفي وقت لاحق تم اختراع المطبعة في منتصف القرن الخامس عشر الميلادي، وأدى هذا التحول إلى تعدد في صور التعبير عن الرأي، ووضعت الطباعة في متناول المجتمع وسائل فعالة في نقل المعلومات والآراء ومقاومة الجهل وتعدد في المادة المقروءة، وأدت هذه الطباعة إلى إحداث ثورة في نشر الأنباء وتناقلها ومهدت لظهور مفاهيم جديدة لحريات تتعلق بحرية الفكر والتعبير، كحرية الصحافة والنشر التي تعبر عن آراء الأفراد عن طريق المطبوعات بعد أن كان اللسان أداتهم في التعبير .
وصور التعبير عن الرأي في المجتمع تتم عبر طرق سليمة لا عن طريق العنف والإرهاب كما يحدث في بعض الدول، اذ أن صور التعبير تختلف من مجتمع إلى آخر، فتارةً تتم عبر الوسائل المباشرة كالحديث أو القول المباشر من فرد إلى فرد آخر، وتارة أخرى تتم عبر وسائل غير مباشرة كالطباعة والنشر والصحافة، أو عبر وسائل مسموعة أو مرئية وهي الإذاعة والتلفزيون والسينما والمسرح، وهذه كلها تعد قنوات الاتصال المعاصرة بالأفراد والمجتمعات، وهنا لا بد أن يمارس الجميع حقه في الفكر والتعبير عن الفكر والرأي من دون ضغط ومن دون التعدي على حقوق الآخرين.
وللحديث في هذا المجال فسوف نقسم هذا البحث على مطلبين: نتطرق في الأول الى بيان حرية القول وتبني الرأي، ونبحث في الثاني حرية الطباعة والنشر والإعلان.
The Perceptions of Indigenes on the Impacts of Rising Sea Level on Coastal Erosion and Flooding in Nigeria Coastal Communities
Authors: Budnukaeku Alexander Chinago
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: Significant risks to coastal ecosystems and biodiversity are posed by sea level rise which impact coastal erosion, and floods to cause hazards, which will have a substantial impact on human livelihoods. This study investigates the perceptions of the indigenous people and their views on the subject matter.
Methodology: The methodology of the research was descriptive statistics like simple percentage and graphs for analysis. The research developed a questionnaire containing 6 questions. The target populations are the Coastal communities in the Niger Delta and Lagos. Sample size of the study was 450 respondents.
Findings: The results of this study have important consequences for the livelihoods of people who depend on these ecosystems, since they emphasize the disastrous impact of coastal erosion, flooding, and sea level rise on habitats, species extinction, and food chains in the marine environment. Current adaptation and mitigation measures have limitations and unintended consequences, and funding and community engagement are often insufficient. To address these challenges, researcher recommend integrated coastal zone management and planning, ecosystem-based adaptation, and community-led adaptation, as well as innovative financing mechanisms and funding models.
Conclusion: Early warning systems and flood-risk communication can help reduce the impacts of flooding, while relocation and retreat strategies for high-risk areas and climate-resilient urban design are also necessary. Research and development of new technologies and solutions, such as sea-level rise modeling and coastal restoration are vital, and addressing the root causes of climate change through mitigation efforts is critical. International cooperation and agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, are essential for global action on climate change. Finally, recognizing the cultural and spiritual significance of coastal ecosystems for indigenous communities and incorporating their knowledge and perspectives in adaptation and mitigation efforts is crucial.
The Correlation of Hearing Loss with Site & Size in Tympanic Membrane Perforation
Authors: Pradhan Sujan , Rana Sabi , Bhandari Property , Shrestha Ozone , Shrestha Pranjal
Published: December 2024

Chronic Otitis Media (COM) is one of the commonest ear disease and important cause of hearing disability. There is chronic infection of the middle ear cleft, in which a non-intact tympanic membrane and discharge are present. Perforation occurring as a result of chronic otitis media leads to significant conductive hearing loss. This study correlate the degree of hearing loss with site and size in tympanic membrane perforation. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, ENT-HNS department. A total of N=87 patients of both gender and age between 15 to 55 years with COM – mucosal inactive type were included in the study. Site and size of tympanic membrane (TM) perforation was assessed using otoscope and otomicroscope. Size of perforation was measured with 27G spinal needle blunted and bent in different calibrations using a measuring tape and size was calculated using the formula. Patients were divided into three groups according to size; Group I (0-9 mm2), Group II (10-29 mm2), Group III (≥30 mm2). The TM was divided into five segments anterosuperior, posterosuperior, anteroinferior, posteroinferior and subtotal for the localization of the site of perforation. Data thus collected was statistically analyzed. Patients with Group I perforation had an average hearing loss of 31.22 ± 7.53 decibel (dB). Group II had an average hearing loss of 42.76 ± 8.27 dB. Group III had an average hearing loss of 62.5 ± 2.88 dB. Maximum hearing loss was noted in patients with subtotal perforation with an average hearing loss of 47.97 ± 9.05 dB. Average hearing loss was found to be higher in posterior quadrant perforations than in anterior quadrant perforations. This difference was statistically significant with “p” value of “0.031”. The larger the size of the perforation, the greater the degree of hearing loss. The degree of hearing loss is also influenced by the site of the perforation on the TM, as posterior quadrant perforations have a greater degree of hearing loss than anterior quadrant perforations.
NOTAS DA PEDAGOGIA DA INFÂNCIA SOBRE ESPAÇO E TEMPO EM GRUPOS DE CRIANÇAS NA FAIXA ETÁRIA DE 2 E 3 ANOS
Authors: Ricardo Pereira - Fortaleza, CE (Brasil) Jorgiana , Costa de Andrade Cruz - Fortaleza, CE (Brasil) Rosimeire
Published: December 2024

Este trabalho objetiva contribuir com a ampliação de conhecimentos acerca do papel de duas dimensões da Pedagogia da Infância, o espaço e o tempo, para a efetivação de uma práxis participativas no cotidiano da Educação Infantil. Tem como base teórica perspectivas de Pedagogia da Infância, as quais defendem que essa etapa da educação tem uma intencionalidade educativa conectada com as necessidades e os direitos das crianças, o que abrange os direitos de suas famílias e professores. Resulta de uma pesquisa mais ampla, de natureza qualitativa, do tipo de estudo de caso praxiológico. Tem como base empírica dados da documentação de uma professora pesquisadora de sua práxis, sistematizada em relatórios e livros. Os resultados revelam a colaboração das dimensões pedagógicas espaço e tempo na edificação de uma práxis participativa quando acompanhadas de uma intencionalidade educativa sustentada no diálogo construtivo com os ritmos, necessidades e interesses das crianças. Assim, o estudo conclui que a concretização de uma práxis participativa no cotidiano demanda a composição de um ambiente educativo que considere a criança como capaz de ler o mundo e interpretá-lo, construir saberes e cultura, figurando como um sujeito apto a participar ativamente de sua educação, aprendizagem e desenvolvimento integral.
O POTENCIAL DA METODOLOGIA ATIVA INSTRUÇÃO ENTRE PARES NA MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Martins Jordão - Blumenau, SC (Brasil) Graziela , Rosa da Silva - Blumenau, SC (Brasil) Arleide
Published: December 2024

Este estudo investiga a aplicação da instrução entre pares no ensino de matemática em turmas com diferentes idades. Conduzido em uma escola estadual em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, pós-pandemia, com alunos do ensino médio e fundamental, utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa e exploratória por observação. A metodologia ativa foi implementada como instrumento pedagógico, colocando o estudante como protagonista do seu próprio conhecimento. O objetivo foi fortalecer o conhecimento das operações matemáticas, promovendo interação entre alunos de diferentes faixas etárias. Os resultados evidenciaram melhorias na interação entre os alunos, com qualidade nas discussões e troca de conhecimento, além de reforçar o conteúdo por meio de acertos. A integração da teoria sociointeracionista de Vygotsky aumentou o engajamento e participação dos alunos, refletindo em melhorias acadêmicas e em um ambiente colaborativo.
APRENDIZADO PELAS MEMÓRIAS: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL EM BARRAS/PI
Authors: Gomes Lima  - Teresina, PI (Brasil) Juscelino , De Carvalho Ibiapina - Teresina PI (Brasil) Maura
Published: December 2024

Este artigo, resultante de pesquisas em nível de mestrado, investigou as contribuições, advindas de diferentes narrativas e memórias para educação ambiental, a partir do Rio Marataoan, aos discentes do Centro Estadual de Educação Profissional Rural Professora Maria de Jesus Carvalho Rocha – Barras/PI. O objeto de estudo foi a educação ambiental a partir do Rio Marataoan, sob um viés descritivo e exploratório. Para isso, foram feitas pesquisas bibliográficas e de campo, utilizando uma abordagem predominantemente qualitativa, acompanhada do método fenomenológico. O resultado desta pesquisa foi um Produto Educacional, na forma de um documentário, cujo conteúdo é pautado nas diferentes memórias das pessoas idosas acerca dos usos e relações sociais urbanas construídas junto do Rio Marataoan, em diferentes épocas, na cidade de Barras/PI. As narrativas memorialísticas coletadas se revelaram como mecanismo importante para se ensinar, aprender e refletir sobre questões ambientais, apontando diferenças sociais do passado em contraponto o presente.
CONTRIBUTOS DA FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DOS PROFESSORES NO PROCESSO DE ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Jardilson Barroso Ferreira - Passo Fundo RS (Brasil) Francisco , Camila Martins de Oliveira - Acaraú CE (Brasil) Larissa , Mota Neves de Almeida - Redenção, CE (Brasil) Sinara
Published: December 2024

O artigo aborda os desafios contemporâneos enfrentados pelos professores da Educação Básica, destacando a formação continuada como um processo essencial para o aprimoramento da prática docente. O estudo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a importância da formação continuada no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, analisando contribuições de autores como Paulo Freire, Nóvoa e Tardif. Metodologicamente, adota-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica para analisar a produção acadêmica existente sobre o tema. Conclui-se que, apesar dos avanços nas políticas de formação dos docentes, há lacunas entre a formação inicial e as demandas da prática educativa contemporânea, o que reforça a necessidade de programas de formação continuada que dialoguem com as realidades escolares e sociais.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE CIÊNCIAS DA NATUREZA EM GUINÉ-BISSAU
Authors: Malú Quadé - Lisboa (Portugal) Domingos , Guerra - Lisboa (Portugal) João , Simão Martins - Redenção CE (Brasil) Elcimar , André da Silva Costa - Redenção, CE (Brasil) Elisangela
Published: December 2024

O presente texto objetiva refletir sobre desafios e perspectivas da formação de professores de Ciências da Natureza em Guiné-Bissau/África a partir da educação ambiental e da sustentabilidade. O estudo assenta-se na abordagem qualitativa, inspirada na pesquisa-formação. O lócus de desenvolvimento da investigação foi a Escola Normal Superior Tchico Té, localizada em Guiné-Bissau/África e os participantes diretos foram 10 (dez) docentes da área de Ciências da Natureza (Biologia, Química e Física), por meio de diversas estratégias de aproximação com a realidade. Contudo, para esse texto, o foco foi a análise de dados coletados a partir de um questionário. Os resultados revelam que boa parte dos professores de ciências em Guiné-Bissau possui limitações no desenvolvimento dos conteúdos de Ciências da Natureza e Matemática; há carência de formação continuada para os professores e de materiais pedagógicos; há problemas de infraestrutura física do espaço escolar, entre outros. Os requisitos para a superação dos obstáculos presentes no ensino de ciências exatas em Guiné-Bissau devem começar com investimentos do governo na formação contínua dos professores. Conclui-se que um processo efetivo de formação continuada poderá contribuir na melhoria da prática pedagógica dos professores, permitindo que haja uma visão mais abrangente do ensino de ciências, possibilitando inovar em suas atividades pedagógicas e fazer um diálogo com a educação ambiental e sustentabilidade e outros temas da atualidade.
مدى التزام القاضي بالحيدة في الخصومة المدنية
Authors: الزائدي فارس
Published: December 2024

يقوم هذا البحث بدارسة موضوع حيدة القاضي المدني عند مباشرة وظيفته، ويجب على القاضي عند نظر الخصومة المعروضة عليه أن يكون نزيهاً وأن يتجرد عن الرغبات ، وأن يلتزم بأخلاقيات المهنة التي تقوم على فكرة التجرد من الأهواء، والميول، وعدم التحيز إلى أحد الخصوم على حساب الخصم الآخر ، ويجب أن يكون القاضي مستقلاً في عمله ، وأن يلتزم بالفصل في المنازعات المعروضة عليه، وإلا أعتبر منكراً للعدالة ، ولا يجوز للقاضي في غير الأحوال المنصوص عليها قانوناً أن يمتنع عن الفصل في المنازعات المعروضة عليه ، ولكن قد يطرأ من الظروف والاعتبارات ما يجعل القاضي غير صالح للنظر في دعوى معينة، والفصل فيها، فيتعين عليه التنحي من تلقاء نفسه عن نظر هذه الدعوى، امتثالا لأمر القانون حتى لا يكون عمله باطلاً  ويجوز هنا لأي من الخصوم أن يطلب رد القاضي عن نظر الدعوى .
[Open loop geothermal heat pump systems: the discharge of groundwater used for heat exchange]
Authors: Cerutti Paolo
Published: December 2024

[Article in Italian]
Impianti geotermici a pompa di calore, a circuito aperto: lo scarico delle acque sotterranee utilizzate per scambio termico
L’espace non planifié entre lois et réalité: cas du quartier ‘Diar Zitoun’ (Est algérien)
Authors: Azzouzi Amar
Published: December 2024

Abstract The Unplanned Space between Laws and Reality: The Case of the ‘Diar Zitoun’ District (Eastern Algeria) Unplanned space in urban areas is a global phenomenon, but today it has a particularly profound impact on the cities of developing countries such as Algeria. The objective of this article is to know the intervention operations preferred by the occupants of the unplanned space of Diar Zitoun (Eastern Algeria). A field survey was carried out using a sample of 153 heads of household, or 25.3% of the dwellings. The results obtained show that the heads of household advance the same intervention operations: above all the regularization of constructions with 62%, then the absorption (27%). The preferred solutions vary depending on the type of housing: residents who have irregular housing developments prefer regularization of their housing, while those who have slums request demolition.
Geografia digitale: un atlante visuale in rete per diffondere il discorso ambientale
Authors: Neri Erica
Published: December 2024

Abstract Digital Geography: An Online Visual Atlas to Disseminate Environmental Discourse The contribution, in accordance with the initiatives of the CAPTED Centre 1, analyses the intersections between geography and digital transition, highlighting how emerging technologies influence the perception and organisation of space. In a context of increasing digitisation, the importance of a critical approach in the use of educational technologies is emphasised. Through the analysis of Greenatlas, a digital visual atlas, its educational-didactic potential to promote an active understanding of geography is explored, stimulating interaction with georeferenced content and encouraging critical reflection on environmental narratives. In conclusion, the need for a balance between digital and traditional resources is discussed, which is essential for meeting the challenges of the digital transition and for effective and inclusive education.
A Comparative Study of Conventional and Statistically Active Corrosion Methods for Corrosion Growth Assessment of a 24-inch Gas Pipeline
Authors:   University of Indonesia, Rinaldi Rudi , Fatriansyah Jaka Fajar ,   University of Indonesia
Published: December 2024

Corrosion in oil and gas pipelines can lead to component failures with severe
consequences, including environmental damage and operational disruptions. Accurate
corrosion growth assessment is critical for pipeline integrity management, providing valuable
insights for risk assessment, decision making, and asset management. This paper purpose was
to presents a comparative analysis of two methods for corrosion growth assessment of the 24
inch offshore gas pipeline: the conventional method and the statistically active corrosion (SAC)
method that can be used by pipeline operators to enhance their corrosion management
practices. The study utilized in-line inspection (ILI) data from two consecutive runs in 2020 and
2023, covering the entire 73 km length of the pipeline. The results demonstrate that the SAC
method provides a more detailed and localized assessment of the corrosion activity compared
to the conventional method, identifying 782 active corrosion joints out of the 5,987 joints in the
pipeline. The SAC method also yields higher average and maximum corrosion growth rates and
a more detail location of where active corrosion occurs. SAC method proves to be an effective
and efficient approach to addressing the challenges of corrosion assessment in pipeline integrity
management, enabling operators to prioritize maintenance efforts and enhance overall pipeline
safety.
Geometry and dynamics of representations in a precisely balanced memory network related to olfactory cortex
Authors: Meissner-Bernard Claire , Zenke Friedemann , Friedrich Rainer W
Published: December 2024

Biological memory networks are thought to store information by experience-dependent changes in the synaptic connectivity between assemblies of neurons. Recent models suggest that these assemblies contain both excitatory and inhibitory neurons (E/I assemblies), resulting in co-tuning and precise balance of excitation and inhibition. To understand computational consequences of E/I assemblies under biologically realistic constraints we built a spiking network model based on experimental data from telencephalic area Dp of adult zebrafish, a precisely balanced recurrent network homologous to piriform cortex. We found that E/I assemblies stabilized firing rate distributions compared to networks with excitatory assemblies and global inhibition. Unlike classical memory models, networks with E/I assemblies did not show discrete attractor dynamics. Rather, responses to learned inputs were locally constrained onto manifolds that “focused” activity into neuronal subspaces. The covariance structure of these manifolds supported pattern classification when information was retrieved from selected neuronal subsets. Networks with E/I assemblies therefore transformed the geometry of neuronal coding space, resulting in continuous representations that reflected both relatedness of inputs and an individual’s experience. Such continuous representations enable fast pattern classification, can support continual learning, and may provide a basis for higher-order learning and cognitive computations.
Hands up, Bozo!
Authors: Lecón Mauricio
Published: December 2024

Humour is an elusive topic within the legal sphere. Contemporary discourse frequently struggles with whether comedians should be legally accountable for their often-controversial humour, juxtaposing the intricacies of humour’s nature against the principle of free speech. This article aims to demonstrate the inadequacy of judicial resources in addressing humorous expressions. Initially, I examine the varied judicial treatments of humour across different legal systems. Subsequently, I highlight the inherent difficulties in criminalizing humour, whether through aesthetic judgments or evaluations of the comedian's intentions, as both tend to result in an excessive interpretation of the performer’s expression and motives. In the third section, I critique the models proposed by Godioli and Mosaka, discussing the benefits and limitations of these frameworks in establishing a legal standard for assessing when humour crosses the line and its adjudication in court. Ultimately, I contend that humour, particularly that of comedians, ought to be evaluated from a societal perspective, exempting it from legal constraints. I propose alternative solutions to confront offensive humour that bypass formal justice systems, such as enhancing media literacy, endorsing comedians who champion social values, and deterring the patronage of certain comedic genres.
Effects of Terrain Geometry Processing Methods on Fire Spread in Wildland Fire Modeling
Authors: Kim Sung-Chan
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to understand the characteristics of wildfire spread according to the processing methods of terrain geometry in the computational domain based on topographic data. The terrain geometry of the computational domain was handled using body-fitted (BF) grids and the cut-cell method (CCM), and the spread of the wildfire was simulated using a level-set model incorporating the heat release rate. The fire spread predicted by the BF grid and CCM showed similar overall trends despite local differences. A simple model was proposed to estimate the perimeter of the fireline based on the calculated heat release rate with fire spread, which showed good agreement with the field results predicted by the level-set method. The cut-cell method can enhance the applicability of wildland fire-spread models due to its ease of handling complex terrain geometry and reasonable agreement with the BF grid.
Pulmonary Rehabilitation of a Patient after Lobectomy Secondary to Pulmonary Aspergilloma: A Case Report
Authors: Dsouza Adriana Maria , Ashok Abeeshna
Published: December 2024

Pulmonary aspergilloma is a mass in the lungs caused by a fungal infection named aspergillosis, which is caused by the fungus Aspergillus. There is a high prevalence of aspergilloma in patients who have previously been affected by pulmonary tuberculosis. The present case report was aimed to describe the radiological features and functional activity limitations of a patient diagnosed with aspergilloma who underwent lobectomy of the superior lobe, middle lobe and superior segment of the lower lobe. A 51-year-old male was admitted with the chief complaint of blood in his sputum, which had increased in volume over the past 10 days, leading to a diagnosis of pulmonary aspergilloma. A Computed Tomography (CT) scan and X-ray confirmed this diagnosis. The patient was referred to the Physiotherapy Department on Postoperative Day one (POD-1). The personalised pulmonary rehabilitation was directed at improving functional mobility and reducing secondary complications of the surgery. The present case report emphasises the importance of tailored pulmonary rehabilitation and its effects on functional independence.
Development of Novel Micronutrient Rich Drumstick (Moringa oleifera) Pod Pulp Chutney and Its Shelf Life Prediction
Authors: Ravani Amee , Anadani S V , Shah P A , Gondaliya J , Akbari S H , Prasad R V
Published: December 2024

Novel micronutrient rich Drumstick (Moringa oleifera) pod pulp chutney was developed and the level of ingredients were optimized. The effects of moringa pulp, coriander leaves, mint leaves and xanthan gum on textural and sensory characteristics of chutney was studied. Central composite design of Response surface methodology was adopted for designing the experiments. Quality parameters like chemical composition and nutritional parameters of optimized chutney were estimated. The optimized chutney was analyzed for accelerated storage study. The shelf life of drumstick chutney is 137 days at 7oC and 83 days at 30oC.
Construction and Standardization of the Leadership Effectiveness Scale to Measure the Leadership Effectiveness of Academic Leaders in Universities
Authors: Kayuki Frola , Talkudar Daisy Bora
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to construct and standardize the Leadership Effectiveness Scale for Academic Leaders in Universities (LESALU). The purpose of the scale is to measure the leadership effectiveness of academic leaders (deans, directors/chairpersons of centres, and heads of departments) on their day-to-day activities based on four dimensions; interpersonal relations, communication skills, emotional stability, and moral strength. A descriptive survey method was employed. The study constructed a scale with 70 items, 38 positive and 32 negative statements. The scale’s reliability was estimated by the split-half method which was found to be 0.86, the Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted; the Keiser Meyer Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy was found to be 0.741 and validity was assured through content validity. The Leadership Effectiveness Scale for Academic Leaders in Universities is a valuable tool and its application will lead to good performance for the academic leaders and the university.
Combined Effect of Gamma Irradiation and Low Temperature Storage on the Microbial and Bio-chemical Quality of Sutchi Cat Fish (Pangasius hypophthalmus)
Authors: Uikey Mahendra , Bojayanaik Manjanaik , Ganachari Jyoti , Fernandes Darren Jeeth , Banavath Srinu Nayak , Naik Sagar Naik Chandra , Dnyanoba Sachin Chavan , Alandur Veena Shetty , Hiriyur Somashekarappa
Published: December 2024

Gamma irradiation is known as an effective method to reduce microbial contamination in food products. Its application in seafood food not only enhances safety and quality but also extends shelf life, thereby minimizing post-harvest losses. This study focuses on evaluating the combined effect of low dose gamma irradiation and low-temperature storage on the quality and shelf life of fresh Sutchi Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus). The fish samples were subjected to different gamma irradiation doses (0.0 kGy, 1.0 kGy, 3.0 kGy, and 5.0 kGy) and then stored under refrigerated conditions (4°C) and frozen conditions (-18°C). Both non-irradiated and irradiated samples were periodically analyzed for microbial counts, including coliforms (total and fecal), total mesophilic bacteria, Salmonella, E. coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The biochemical quality indices such as total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), pH, peroxide value (PV), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were also assessed at regular intervals.
The findings revealed that the gamma irradiation and storage at low temperatures significantly (p < 0.05) reduced microbial populations, with higher irradiation doses resulting in greater reductions. Chemical quality indicators in irradiated samples were notably better maintained compared to the control samples under both storage conditions. The study concluded that combining gamma irradiation with refrigeration or freezing effectively minimized microbial loads and preserved biochemical quality. This approach extended the shelf life of the fish up to 21 days in refrigeration and 90 days under frozen storage conditions.
Mutation Breeding for Genetic Improvement and the Development of High Yielding Mutant Variety of Sesame (Binatil-3)
Authors: Khatun Mst. Khadija , Malek Md. Abdul , Emon Reza Mohammad , Bhuiyan Md. Saikat Hossain , Islam Shahinur
Published: December 2024

Sesame plays an important role in human nutrition. Sesame seed contain fat, protein, carbohydrates, fiber and some minerals. The seeds of creamy seed-coat color of popular sesame variety Binatil-1 were irradiated with gamma rays to create genetic variability for earliness, higher seed yield and other desirable agronomic traits. The experiment was conducted at BINA headquarters farm, Mymensingh during March-May (Kharif-I) 2002 to 2007 and 47 mutants were primarily selected based on their better field performance including seed yield plant-1 and other important agronomic traits. The mutant SM-10-04 (mutant of Binatil-1 with 500Gy of gamma rays) was found to be superior compared to other mutants and the mother variety. The evaluation trials were conducted during March-May (Kharif-I) season at different sesame growing areas of Bangladesh. Significant variations were observed both in individual location and combined over locations for most of the traits. Reactions to major disease (stem rot) and insect-pests (hairy caterpillar, hawk moth and pod borer) infestations were also studied. BINA applied to the National Seed Board (NSB) of Bangladesh for registration of the superior mutant SM-10-04 as an important sesame variety. The NSB of Bangladesh registered the mutant SM-10-04 as an improved sesame variety naming Binatil-3 in 2013 for commercial cultivation in Bangladesh. Induced mutations can be extensively and successfully used for the improvement of sesame in respect of changing branching habit and different in seed coat colour along with higher seed yield. This can be considered as a milestone achievement in mutation breeding. This variety may partially fulfill the challenges of increasing demand of edible oils and also has an opportunity for increase cultivable land under sesame in Bangladesh.
Critical Role of Exogenously Applied Silicon on Insect Pests and Yield in Kharif Rice
Authors: Chatterjee Sitesh , Guchait Shampa , Halder Purnima
Published: December 2024

A field experiment was conducted at Rice Research Station, Department of Agriculture, Government of West Bengal, Chinsurah, Hooghly during three consecutive Kharif seasons to evaluate the effect of exogenously applied silicon on the infestation of rice insect-pests and yield of rice. Rice is most important staple food in West Bengal and in India. However, due to biotic stress, the crop hampers high-yield production. When the farming community goes ahead for chemical management practices to manage the biotic stress, not only the environmental pollution, and pesticide residue problem arises but also the chance of pest resurgence and pest resistance problems arise. Therefore, an attempt was made in this present study to find out an alternate strategy to manage rice insects viz. whorl maggot, leaf folder and stem borer through the amendment of silicon by seed priming, seedling root dipping, foliar spray and soil application. As rice is a silicon-loving crop and they accumulate silicon in their system. Additionally, silicon amendment has no detrimental impact on the environment as well as no residual problem may arise. In this study, it was evident that in foliar spray with 1.2% silica gel [Sodium silicate (Na2SiO2)] at 30, 40 and 50 DAT or soil application of granular silica gel [80% silicon dioxide (SiO2) powder] @ 80 kg ha-1 as basal treatment have significantly managed rice insects viz. whorl maggot, leaf folder and stem borer and high grain and straw yield were obtained. Therefore, silica amendment exogenously by foliar spray and soil application in rice fields can be a viable option for rice IPM.
Transformation of Agriculture through Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kulkarni Chaitali
Published: December 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a transformative sector of computer science field that focuses on generating intelligent system and machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. These tasks include learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. With advance development in AI technologies, used into diverse fields such as healthcare, education, agriculture, business, and autonomous systems. AI employs techniques such as machine learning, neural networks, and natural language processing to analyze and interpret vast amounts of data, enabling predictive analytics, decision-making, and automation. The use of AI into various industries is revolutionizing workflows, enhancing productivity, and creating innovative solutions to complex challenges. However, the field also presents ethical considerations and challenges, such as data privacy, data security, bias, and the impact on employment.
A Study on the Causes of Sedimentation at the Quay Wall in Busan New Port
Authors: Kim Jong Won , Lee Hwa Su , Lim Hong Jin , Yoo Chang Ill , Yoon Han Sam
Published: December 2024

Since the construction of the Busan New Port, dredging has been performed to deepen the navigation channel due to the continuous enlargement of vessels. However, since the recent confirmation of the phenomenon of sedimentation across the entire quay wall, it was initially assumed that the cause was simply the influence of suspended sediment flowing in from the Nakdong River Estuary. Therefore, a marine physical survey and numerical simulation of seawater flow and sediment movement were conducted centered on the Pier bridge to the Nakdong River Estuary, and a bathymetric survey was conducted within the Busan New Port and between the Pier bridge and Nullcha-do. As a result of the bathymetric survey, the net sedimentation within the port in a certain area of the port in 2017 and 2022 was 2,054 m3, and the amount of erosion in the fairway was no different from the amount of sedimentation in mooring basin. However, in the numerical simulation of sediment movement, erosion occurred in all areas except the Pier bridge, and the annual deposition was up to 5 times less than the actually measured topographic change, so it was determined that it is not a direct cause of the sedimentation across the entire quay wall of the New Port. In particular, the area that is eroded 1.5 m more than the planned depth of D.L.(-)17 m in the central part of the new port is widely distributed and the phenomenon of deposition on the quay wall shows that the initial assumption is not correct. Therefore, the scour for large vessels, the last factor that can affect the seabed of the new port, was additionally examined, and the seabed scour equation by the ship's wake speed was applied. As a result, it was confirmed that the maximum scour depth by the ship's wake speed is 1.5 m in the case of the largest vessel that can enter the port, 240,000 tons, and the scoured floating sand can move in the normal direction of the route.
The mitochondrial regulator PGC1α is induced by cGMP–PKG signaling and mediates the protective effects of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition in heart failure
Authors: Zhu Guangshuo , Ueda Kazutaka , Hashimoto Masaki , Zhang Manling , Sasaki Masayuki , Kariya Taro , Sasaki Hideyuki , Kaludercic Nina , Lee Dong‐ik , Bedja Djahida , Gabrielson Matthew , Yuan Yuan , Paolocci Nazareno , Blanton Robert M. , Karas Richard H. , Mendelsohn Michael E. , O’Rourke Brian , Kass David A. , Takimoto Eiki
Published: November 2021

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition (PDE5i) activates cGMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKG) and ameliorates heart failure; however, its impact on cardiac mitochondrial regulation has not been fully determined. Here, we investigated the role of the mitochondrial regulator peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ co‐activator‐1α (PGC1α) in the PDE5i‐conferred cardioprotection, utilizing PGC1α null mice. In PGC1α+/+ hearts exposed to 7 weeks of pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction, chronic treatment with the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil improved cardiac function and remodeling, with improved mitochondrial respiration and upregulation of PGC1α mRNA in the myocardium. By contrast, PDE5i‐elicited benefits were abrogated in PGC1α−/− hearts. In cultured cardiomyocytes, PKG overexpression induced PGC1α, while inhibition of the transcription factor CREB abrogated the PGC1α induction. Together, these results suggest that the PKG–PGC1α axis plays a pivotal role in the therapeutic efficacy of PDE5i in heart failure.
SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein interacts with immunoregulators and stress granules and phase separates to form liquid droplets
Authors: Somasekharan Syam Prakash , Gleave Martin
Published: November 2021

The current work investigated SARS‐CoV‐2 Nucleocapsid (NCAP or N protein) interactors in A549 human lung cancer cells using a SILAC‐based mass spectrometry approach. NCAP interactors included proteins of the stress granule (SG) machinery and immunoregulators. NCAP showed specific interaction with the SG proteins G3BP1, G3BP2, YTHDF3, USP10 and PKR, and translocated to SGs following oxidative stress and heat shock. Treatment of recombinant NCAP with RNA isolated from A549 cells exposed to oxidative stress‐stimulated NCAP to undergo liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS). RNA degradation using RNase A treatment completely blocked the LLPS property of NCAP as well as its SG association. The RNA intercalator mitoxantrone also disrupted NCAP assembly in vitro and in cells. This study provides insight into the biological processes and biophysical properties of the SARS‐CoV‐2 NCAP.
The orf virus (ORFV) protein OV20.0 interacts with the microprocessor complex subunit DGCR8 to regulate miRNA biogenesis and ORFV infection
Authors: Liao Guan‐Ru , Tseng Yeu‐Yang , Tseng Ching‐Yu , Lo Chen‐Yu , Hsu Wei‐Li
Published: November 2021

Cellular double‐stranded RNA‐binding proteins (DRBPs) play important roles in the regulation of innate immune responses and microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. The current study aimed to understand whether OV20.0, a DRBP of orf virus (ORFV), is involved in cellular RNA biogenesis via association with host DRBPs. We found that OV20.0 interacts with DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8 (DGCR8), a subunit of the miRNA processor complex, and binds to primary‐ and precursor‐miRNA. Additionally, OV20.0 regulates DGCR8 expression in multiple ways, including through interaction with the DGCR8 protein and binding to DGCR8 mRNA. Lastly, our data show that DGCR8 plays an antiviral role against ORFV infection, whereas it is beneficial for influenza virus propagation, indicating that the underlying mechanisms could be diverse among different viruses.
Bioethical Implications of the Use of the Cochlear Implant for the D/Deaf and Hearing Community
Authors: Baár Monika
Published: November 2021

The article assesses contemporary bioethical debates about the uses of the cochlear implant, an expensive clinical intervention which can have a transformative effect on the lives of deaf people, particularly in the case of children: if implanted before the critical period of language acquisition, they are likely to be able to acquire speech with clarity and become integrated into mainstream society. In some countries, where a distinctive Deaf culture based on the use of sign language exists, some deaf parents object the implantation of their own deaf children with the justification that deafness is not necessarily a medical condition, but a meaningful minority cultural identity. The article points out that these debates that revolve around individual versus communitarian arguments are rather particularistic in nature, as they have little to no relevance in the developing regions of the world where typically neither a sign language‐based deaf identity nor access to the cochlear implant exists.

Key Concepts

Hearing loss:
an impairment in hearing below 90 decibels, whether permanent or fluctuating.

Deafness:
hearing loss above 90 decibels.

D/deaf culture:
according to the convention in the field, audiological deafness is indicated with a lower case d and cultural Deafness with an upper case D.

Disability‐adjusted life year (DALY):
a measure of overall disease burden, expressed as the number of years lost due to ill‐health, disability or early death. It was developed in the 1990s as a way of comparing the overall health and life expectancy of different countries.

Genetic engineering:
the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology.
Eye‐Friendly Reflective Structural Colors with Shortwave Infrared Shielding
Authors: Gao Huixuan , Liang Yuzhang , Li Rui , Huang Hui , Peng Wei
Published: November 2021

A large number of structural colors proposed concentrate on the optical spectral features in the visible region for improving their color gamut, purity, and brightness. However, there are few attentions on the shortwave infrared region of structural colors, detrimental to human eyes under the long‐term exposure. Here, an asymmetric Fabry–Pérot cavity‐based reflective structural color, composed of planar alternating multilayers of Ti and indium tin oxide (ITO), is proposed and demonstrated, which possesses distinguishing optical features in both visible and shortwave infrared regions. The resonant optical filter at the visible region exhibits a high‐contrast reflective peak due to the constructive interference, generating purer and brighter reflective colors. While displaying vivid colors, the designed structure can also achieve an average light absorption up to 89% across the whole shortwave infrared region to effectively prevent it entering human eyes, benefitting from destructive interference. By controlling the dielectric ITO spacer thickness, full‐color display covering the entire visible region can be realized, even including black color. Consequently, the color gamut exhibits around 135% of standard Red Green Blue (sRGB) and 100% of Adobe RGB. Meanwhile, the proposed structural colors also demonstrate an angle tolerance of 60°, a good thermal stability, and mechanical flexibility.
Genomic insights into Neolithic farming‐related migrations in the junction of east and southeast Asia
Authors: Guo Jianxin , Wang Weitao , Zhao Kai , Li Guangxing , He Guanglin , Zhao Jing , Yang Xiaomin , Chen Jinwen , Zhu Kongyang , Wang Rui , Ma Hao , Xu Bingying , Wang Chuan‐Chao
Published: November 2021

Objectives

We aim to detect demographic history and early farming‐related migration of the crossroad area in the junction of east Asia (EA) and southeast Asia (SEA).

Materials and methods

We collected and genotyped 87 individuals from 6 Tibeto‐Burman and Austroasiatic‐speaking populations including Bai, Pumi, Hani, Lahu, Wa, and Blang with nearly 700,000 genome‐wide SNPs. We subsequently analyzed genetic structure and admixture using our merged dataset including both ancient and modern eastern Eurasians with PCA, ADMIXTURE, Refine‐IBD, f statistics and qpAdm.

Results

We observed population substructure within the studied Tibeto‐Burman populations. The northern Tibeto‐Burman groups (Bai and Pumi) had a predominant genomic legacy associated to millet‐farming from North China and also high frequencies of Y‐chromosomal haplogroup O2a2b1‐M134 (xM117) and its sub‐clades. By contrast, southern Tibeto‐Burman groups (Lahu and Hani) had more than 60% genomic legacy associated to rice‐farming, which is prevalent in present‐day Tai‐Kadai, Austronesian and Austroasiatic speaking populations. We observed strong genetic affinities between Austroasiatic populations in Yunnan (Blang and Wa) and mainland southeast Asia.

Discussion

Our study revealed that both demic migrations and cultural interactions from north to south and east to west since the Late Neolithic have shaped the genetic structure of populations at the crossroads of EA and SEA. The dominant genomic legacy associated with millet‐farming in northern Tibeto‐Burman populations indicates large‐scale Neolithic migrations from the Upper‐Middle Yellow River Basin. The rice‐farming expansion has deeply influenced the genetic profile of both southern Tibeto‐Burman and Austroasiatic populations, suggesting migrations from east to west via both inland and coastal routes.
Fighting Antibiotic‐Resistant Bacteria: Promising Strategies Orchestrated by Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
Authors: Tse Sum Bui Bernadette , Auroy Tiffany , Haupt Karsten
Published: November 2021

Infections caused by antibiotic‐resistant bacteria are difficult and sometimes impossible to treat, making them one of the major public health problems of our time. We highlight how one unique material, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), can orchestrate several strategies to fight this serious societal issue. MIPs are tailor‐made biomimetic supramolecular receptors that recognize and bind target molecules with high affinity and selectivity, comparable to those of antibodies. While research on MIPs for combatting cancer has flourished, comprehensive work on their involvement in combatting resistant superbugs has been rather scarce. This review aims at filling this gap. We will describe the causes of bacterial resistance and at which level MIPs can deploy their weapons. MIPs’ targets can be biofilm constituents, quorum sensing messengers, bacterial surface proteins and antibiotic‐deactivating enzymes, among others. We will conclude with the current challenges and future developments in this field.
Coordination compounds of pyrazolone‐based ligand: Design, characterization, biological evaluation, antitumor efficiency, and DNA binding evaluation supported by in silico studies
Authors: Ibrahim Seham A. , Ragab Ahmed , El‐Ghamry Hoda A.
Published: November 2021

Cu (II), Ni (II), Mn (II), and Cr (III) chelates of the organic ligand named 3‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐5‐oxo‐N,1‐diphenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbothioamide ligand (abbreviated as H2L) have been obtained. Successful structure elucidation of the ligand and its chelates has been managed by applying alternative spectral and analytical techniques including elemental analysis, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), NMR, mass, and FTIR spectra in addition to molar conductance and TGA technique which all joint confirmed the formation of the metal complexes in the molar ratio 1:2 (M:L) for Cu (II) and Mn (II) chelates, while 1:1 for the rest of complexes. The applied techniques also confirmed the metal complexes to be formulated as [Cu (HL)2(H2O)2]‧0.5H2O, [Ni (HL)(H2O)Cl]‧0.5H2O, [Mn (HL)2(H2O)2]‧2H2O and [Cr (HL)(H2O)2(CH3COO)2]‧2.5H2O, where HL is the organic ligand. UV–Vis spectra and μeff values of the metal chelates assured the geometry around the metal ion center to be octahedral for both Cu (II), Mn (II), and Cr (III) complexes. For the Ni (II) complex, tetrahedral arrangement has been concluded. The in vitro antimicrobial efficacy applied on several microorganisms and the antioxidant activity showed biological activities in relation to employed standard reported compounds with enhanced activity of the Cr (III) complex compared with the other tested compounds. The antitumor activity was examined upon four carcinoma cell lines that are HePG‐2 MCF‐7, HCT‐116, and HeP‐2 demonstrated that the Cr (III) complex to has the highest activity against the four tested carcinoma cell lines relative to the other tested compounds. The binding mode of the ligand and its complexes with SS‐DNA have been examined applying UV–Vis spectral titration and viscosity measurements, assuring groove binding interactions, which were supported theoretically through the docking studies.
Post‐assembly modification of discrete poly‐NHC‐derived organometallic assemblies
Authors: Ma Li‐Li , An Yuan‐Yuan , Zhang Ya‐Wen , Li Yang , Zhang Le , Han Ying‐Feng
Published: November 2021

The post‐assembly modification (PAM) of metallosupramolecular assemblies plays an important role in obtaining diverse architectures and expanding new functions. In this work, the trinuclear organometallic assemblies [Ag3(L)2](PF6)3 (L = 1a–c) were generated from the corresponding internal olefin‐bridged trisimidazolium, trisbenzoimidazolium, and trisimidazo[1,5‐ɑ]pyridinium salts H3‐L(PF6)3 (L = 1a–c) with Ag2O through coordination‐driven self‐assembly. Subsequently, complexes [Ag3(L)2](PF6)3 (L = 1a, 1b) were converted into corresponding gold(I) complexes [AuI3(L)2](PF6)3 (L = 1a, 1b) by transmetalation reaction. The oxidation addition of the gold(I) complexes [AuI3(L)2](PF6)3 (L = 1a, 1b) were carried out using iodine as an oxidant to give gold(III) complexes [AuIII3(L)2I6](PF6)3 (L = 1a, 1b). Irradiation of complexes [Ag3(L)2](PF6)3 (L = 1a, 1b) in solution leaded to structural transform into the corresponding cyclobutane‐bridged complexes [Ag3(L′)](PF6)3 (L′ = 2a, 2b) with quantitative yields.