bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and methodological foundations for the study of federalism
Authors: Platonov Vladimir Mikhailovich
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the research is to determine the basic methodological rules that allow to form a science-based concept of separation of powers between the levels of government, taking into account the cultural and historical conditions of development of Russian society, the establishment in it of stable principles of relations in the public sphere, standards and stereotypes of social interaction. The research conducted on the basis of the dialectical method, which was used in combination with the systematic method, the historical method and the socio-cultural vision of political and legal phenomena, showed the following results: a) there are only general guidelines that guide states in choosing a federal model, not any of its benchmarks; b) the problem of correlation of vertical separation of powers with responsibility and cultural and historical specificity in the implementation of powers in the sphere of joint jurisdiction of the federal center and the subjects of the federation is the key one; c) significant in the methodology of the study of federalism is the assessment of the weakness of political ambitions of the power elites in relation to the role of socio-economic factors that determine the degree of effectiveness of the implementation of their powers by the subjects of public authority; d) the separation of powers in a federal state is a dynamic process, the content and direction of which are conditioned by concrete and historical tasks; e) the centralization of federal relations in Russia is a factor in their evolution and dynamics. The novelty of the research is due to the author’s approach to the substantiation of the system of methodological rules, which will ensure a) the integrity of the state, b) the need for decentralization of power on the basis of the principles of federalism, c) the definition of the principles that determine the model of separation of powers.
Application of V. Pareto’s economic efficiency criterion in Russian judicial practice
Authors: Khokhlova Alina Dmitrievna
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the research is to justify the productivity of the application of one of the two most common criteria of economic efficiency (V. Pareto principle) in Russian judicial practice. Justification is carried out by identifying the content of the Pareto criterion, assessing examples of its application by Russian courts and determining the conditions and limitations of such application. The methodological basis of work was the formal-legal method, which allowed to analyze the texts of judicial decisions on the use by the court of normative economic analysis of law; the comparative method, which was used to compare the theoretical foundations and practical features of the criterion of economic efficiency by the Russian judiciary. The results of the research were the author’s conclusions about the applicability of the Pareto criterion in the Russian reality and the formulation of the most likely areas of its use by the courts. Law as an object of scientific knowledge cannot be studied in isolation from its social, cultural, political and economic assumptions, as it is a central tool by which the state affects the economic well-being of society. To improve the practice of using this tool, it seems necessary to evaluate it from the standpoint of economic efficiency. In this regard, the further vector of evolution of Russian law will be more and more active use of methodological developments of economic theory, the application of the economic analysis of law developed in the United States in law enforcement practice. This leads to the need for interdisciplinary research on the conceptual and practical problems of using this direction in Russia. The novelty of the research lies in a comprehensive approach, to the problem of applicability of normative economic analysis of law in the judicial practice of the Russian Federation.
Cultural and legal significance of the Supreme Court of the United States
Authors: Ageeva Elena Aleksandrovna , Maksina Svetlana Vladimirovna , Muzafarov Sulaymon Zarobidin
Published: August 2021

The study’s objective is to reflect on the cultural and legal experience of the United States Supreme Court as the oldest body of constitutional justice, with its long legal tradition, which seems essential for states undergoing constitutional law reform. The study used general scientific methods of analogy, classification, typology, systematization, analysis, and others, as well as special scientific methods such as systematic, functional, historical, the study of judicial practice (which included observation and description), the method of comparative law, etc., which allowed to present the views of the authors, and thus to achieve the objective of the study. The results and novelty of the work are to identify the cultural and legal significance of the activities of the highest judicial instance of the United States in the formation of the legal culture of American society. The authors address the genesis of the cultural and legal aspects of the U.S. Supreme Court, which served as the basis for the formation and implementation of constitutional rights and freedoms in the American state.
Ecological culture: sociocultural and legal aspects
Authors: Umnova-Konyukhova Irina Anatolyevna , Vakula Marina Anatolyevna , Aleshkova Irina Aleksandrovna
Published: August 2021

The study’s objective is to identify factors that can have a productive and positive impact on the formation of environmental culture. The authors use an interdisciplinary approach in the study. Thus, the methods of system analysis (methods of integration, convergence, structurization, optimization, etc.) focus on a comprehensive study of contemporary problems of ecological culture. Applying the methodology of legal taxonomy allows outlining the basic principles contributing to the level of ecological culture. Among the special methods, the method of ecologization is of particular importance in the study. The results of the study were the identification of a complex of factors. There are positive and negative factors among them. Negative factors are due to the lack of environmental values in people’s minds, the state’s perception of environmental relations as insignificant or secondary in the life of society, the rejection of innovative concepts of ecologization of economic activity, etc. Positive factors include the effectiveness of the principles of environmental law, the development of a system of environmental education of citizens, education of environmental responsibility, the collective search for adequate solutions to address the growing environmental risks, etc. The novelty of the work lies in the statement of the problem, which is that the formation of environmental culture is of paramount importance for sustainable development and environmental security of states and the entire world community.
International community in search of legal answers to the digitalisation challenges
Authors: Kapustin Anatoly Yakovlevich , Balkhaeva Sayana Bairovna , Pomazansky Andrey Evgenievich , Aldabergenov Azamat Tynyshtykbaevich
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the study is to analyse the regulatory potential of international law taking into account its main focus for the regulation of new relations associated with digitalisation processes. The research methodology consisted of formal-legal, formal-logical, interpretation of law as well as general-scientific methods. The research resulted in the solution of problems involving the determination of the key areas of international cooperation in respect of those issues in which the need for international legal regulation has already most clearly manifested so far. The authors attributed to them the international cooperation under the auspices of international organisations, primarily the United Nations, monitoring compliance with international law and preventing its possible violations, solving global problems such as climate change, sustainable development, migration, terrorism and armed conflicts. The novelty of the research lies in the very formulation of the problem as well as the conclusion that international legal regulation in the field of digitalisation should be based on international consensus. At the same time, it is possible to reach such a consensus both within the framework of existing international organisations, which can be adapted to address new issues due to their universality, and through the development of new international agreements.
Implementation of conciliation procedures in socio-cultural and legal dimensions
Authors: Kazakova Svetlana Petrovna , Kukhareva Olesya Aleksandrovna , Tkachenko Ekaterina Viktorovna , Yusupova Asiya Nailevna , Oleynik Dimitri
Published: August 2021

The study’s objective is to develop theoretical provisions revealing the conceptual features of forming and implementing conciliation procedures. The authors pay special attention to the most controversial issues that prevent their dissemination in the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the study consisted of dialectical analysis, which allowed to evaluate the results of rule-making and law enforcement; the comparative-legal method contributed to an objective assessment of the quality of existing legislation; the systematic method allowed to interpret the categorical apparatus on the example of studying “conciliation procedures”; the method of legal modeling allowed to formulate a model of conciliation procedures, which has a separate, independent place in the legislation of several countries. The result of the work was to draw attention to the meaning of “conciliation procedures” in its empirical and functional aspect and to prove that conciliation procedures, with their objective and subjective justification, are a fundamental category of modern objective law, in which the freedom of choice of subjects of law is not limited to permissive and administrative means, but must be justified by the essence of the dispute being resolved and the final result. The study’s novelty is the conclusion that in some cases, the reference to legislation providing for “conciliation procedures” for legal entities is not always consistent and does not reflect its ontological nature. For, conciliation procedures, expressing an example of the permissive rule of Russian legislation with the peculiarities of its legal regulation of certain legal institutions, should be aimed at developing voluntary settlement by the parties to a legal dispute as a special type of social conflict.
Placement in closed-type special educational institutions (CTSEI) as a complex legal institution
Authors: Terentyeva Valeria Aleksandrovna , Gaag Irina Anatolyevna
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the institute of coercive measures of educational influence from the perspective of the possibility of combining the criminal-law regulation and correctional influence exercised within the framework of other branches of law. The methodological basis is a longitudinal study of persons released from criminal punishment using compulsory measures of educational influence, the article analyzes the peculiarities of juvenile delinquency of a special category. The study is based on a full sample of juveniles held in closed-type special educational institutions in the Siberian Federal District (300 sentences in total) and on a sample of 100 sentences against persons subjected to the measures provided for by criminal law. The result of the study is that the regulation of coercive measures of educational influence by criminal law alone is clearly not enough; the disciplinary process requires more soft norms that would reflect the age characteristics of juveniles. The novelty of the study lies in the reasonable conclusion that such norms are contained in the administrative, civil, and family branches of law, which are involved in the subsidiary regulation of legal relations arising as a result of the release of a minor with the use of coercive measures of educational influence.
Creation of an end-to-end customs control system as an economic security tool
Authors: Berzan Aleksander Aleksandrovich , Miklava Svetlana Anatolievna
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the study is to identify ways to create a system of end-to-end customs control which would improve the efficiency of the activities of customs authorities and increase the level of economic security of the state. The research used methods of analysis and synthesis, formal logical, and comparative-legal method. The analysis of the customs control system resulted in the identified problems that do not allow increasing the efficiency of customs control and the level of economic security of the state. To solve them, the authors propose to organise the collection of primary information at checkpoints across the state border based on the use of objective control means, and to ensure its availability during subsequent customs operations including when declaring goods and in the process of customs control after the release of goods. In addition, it is proposed to ensure the interaction of customs authorities with other state bodies, the introduction of the institution of customs audit and the implementation of a mechanism to stimulate companies to exit the shadow sector of the economy. The novelty of the research is the proposed model of the end-to end control system, which ensures an increase in the efficiency of customs authorities and the level of economic security of the state.
Implementation of the “regulatory guillotine” and development of the administrative law
Authors: Shtatina Marina Anatolievna , Shmelev Ivan Valerievich , Cenerelli Alessandro
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyse the functioning of the “regulatory guillotine” in the context of the development of administrative law. The authors used qualitative methods to identify the features of the “regulatory guillotine” and determine its place among the institutions of administrative law. Quantitative methods were applied to define the scope and consequences of administrative reforms. The use of the legal comparative method made it possible to describe the peculiarities of the “regulatory guillotine” in Russia. The research results were conclusions from the analysis of legislation and the practice of implementing administrative and legal reforms that show the technological nature of the “regulatory guillotine”. In terms of organisation and implementation, the authors attributed the “regulatory guillotine” to administrative reforms, but in terms of content, the “regulatory guillotine” goes beyond even legal reform, as it involves assessing regulatory instruments from the point of view of not only legality but also economic efficiency and social feasibility. The novelty of this research should be considered the conclusion that the “regulatory guillotine” technologies can contribute to the improvement of administrative and legal regulation in Russia, provided they are thoroughly and purposefully applied in conjunction with the updated institutions of administrative procedures, administrative responsibility, licensing, expert and evaluation activities.
Discretionary powers of the public administration in providing the NPO state registration services
Authors: Gatsolati Viktor Eduardovich , Zelentsov Alexander Borisovich , Seitkhozhin Bulat Umerzhanovich
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the research is to determine the impact of the current administrative and legal regulation of the implementation of administrative procedures for the provision of the non-profit organisation state registration services on the scope of discretionary powers of the public administration in the provision of this service. The methodological basis of the research is created by modern philosophical, general-scientific and special-scientific methods of cognition including dialectical, logical, formal-legal, systemic and statistical methods, as well as analysis, description, synthesis and interpretation. The research results were the conclusions from the analysis of the administrative and legal regulation of administrative procedures for the provision of the non-profit organisation state registration services. Thus, in particular, the discrepancy between a separate provision of the administrative regulation on the provision of the non-profit association state registration services with the current federal legislation was identified and a proposal to amend it was formulated. In addition, it was concluded that the detailed regulation at the sub-legal level of the procedure for the implementation of administrative procedures for the provision of public services has a negative impact on the scope of discretionary powers of public administration bodies. The research novelty lies in the adopted methodological approach to the analysis of the overseas experience in legal regulation of the implementation of administrative procedures by public administration bodies and the conduct of a comparative legal study of regulation of the implementation of administrative procedures for the provision of public services in Russia and in the European Union member states.
Trends in the development of accessibility to civil rights protection
Authors: Sheremetyeva Anna Konstantinovna , Kalacheva Tatyana Leontievna , Makharadze Natalia Sergeevna , Parfenov Konstantin Borisovich , Fadeeva Antonina Viktorovna
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the study is to analyze the legal regulations that cover the procedures for resolving disputes without judicial proceedings for their subsequent development and popularization. In the course of the study, in combination with a comprehensive and systematic analysis, the following general scientific cognition methods were used: dialectical, hermeneutic, synthesis, the method of ascending from the abstract to the concrete, the method of generalization and comparison. The results of the study are as follows: justice, being a necessary element of building the rule of law, should be supplemented and improved through alternative ways of resolving conflict situations. The latter shall develop civil jurisdiction and resolve disputes on a highly professional basis. It seemed that the creation of a single procedural form would be a guarantee of the effectiveness of the protection of rights, but in contrast to this idea, there was created a procedural code that regulates administrative jurisdiction. In this regard, it seems promising to develop alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, which are simpler models of protection of violated interests than the court. Therefore, the novelty of the study is in the justification of the need to identify patterns of improving access to legal protection through the use of alternative methods of dispute resolution.
Banking law as the complex branch of legislation
Authors: Pastushenko Elena Nikolaevna , Neverova Natalia Vladimirovna , Kornukova Elena Vladimirovna , Zemtsova Larisa Nikolaevna
Published: August 2021

The objective of the present research is the formation of the concept of teaching banking law as the interdisciplinary subject of the Master’s degree in Economics and Law in higher educational institutions. The work used the dialectic and technical methods that allowed showing the interrelation and mutual influence of the various aspects of the banking law as the interdisciplinary subject in the higher educational institutions. The comparative and legal method was used for revealing the stages of the legal regulation of the banking system of the Russian Federation and the formation of the banking law as the complex branch of legislation. The inductive method was applied when analyzing the Russian legislation with regard to the status of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, lending institutions, bank operations and transactions and deals from the point of view of client-oriented approach and protection of consumers’ rights when obtaining financial services. The most important result of the present research is the grounding of advisability to teach the banking law in the higher educational institutions as the interdisciplinary subject of the Master’s degree in Economics and Law. This offer was introduced basing upon the position of the Theory of the state and law and the sectoral science of Financial Law to consider the banking law as the complex branch of legislation that allows characterizing the offer made as a result characterized by the scientific novelty having the scientific and theoretical significance for the further scientific discussions regarding the role of the complex educations in law, improvement of the law-making, law-enforcement and law-interpretive activity of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and also the day-to-day update of the legislation due to the changing realias, performing works on education in the law and financial literacy, improvement of client-oriented approach when providing banking services and protection of rights and legal interests of the consumers of financial services.
Präoperative Pflegevisite bei Patienten mit Migrationshintergrund
Authors: Kreis Melanie
Published: August 2021

Wenn Patienten mit Migrationshintergrund der OP-Pflege erst kurz vor dem Eingriff im OP-Bereich begegnen, gehen aufgrund von Sprachbarrieren wichtige Informationen für die perioperative Pflege häufig unter–mit zum Teil dramatischen Folgen. Um die Versorgung zu verbessern und Risiken zu minimieren, bietet sich daher eine präoperative Pflegevisite im Rahmen des Migrationsmanagements an.
Rechtliche Folgen bei Fehlern im OP
Authors: Winterroth Bodo
Published: August 2021

Haben Sie sich auch schon mal gefragt, welche rechtlichen Konsequenzen bei einem Behandlungsfehler im OP drohen? Im Schwerpunkt haben wir die wichtigsten Infos zu diesem Thema für Sie zusammengestellt. Angefangen bei den Pflichten, die sich aus dem Behandlungsvertrag ergeben, wie der sachlichen Rechtfertigung, Einwilligung des Patienten und sorgfältigen Durchführung der Behandlung. Zudem erläutern wir anhand von Fallbeispielen Behandlungs- und Organisationsfehler sowie deren rechtliche Folgen.
Phosphataufnahme durch auf dem deutschen Markt befindliche Alleinfutter und Nierendiäten für Hunde und Katzen
Authors: Dobenecker Britta
Published: August 2021

Gegenstand und Ziel Da die Höhe der Aufnahme an Gesamtphosphor sowie speziell hochlöslichem und damit hochverfügbarem Phosphor mit der Nahrung Effekte auf gesunde und niereninsuffiziente Hunde und Katzen haben kann, wurden auf dem deutschen Markt erhältliche Alleinfuttermittel sowie Alleinfuttermittel für Katzen bzw. Hunde mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz analysiert.

Material und Methoden Bei 133 Alleinfuttermitteln für gesunde Hunde und Katzen (Alleinfuttermittel), 8 Ergänzungsfuttermitteln (Snacks) sowie 43 Diätalleinfuttermitteln für niereninsuffiziente Hunde und Katzen (Diätfuttermittel) wurden die Gehalte an Gesamtphosphor und an Phosphor, der nach 1 Minute in Wasser löslich ist (Psol1), analysiert.

Ergebnisse Die Alleinfuttermittel deckten die empfohlene Tagesaufnahme an Phosphor zu 90–740 %. Mehr als 90 % der Produkte lieferten mehr als das Doppelte des Bedarfs; bei 5 Hundefuttern wurde sogar die maximal empfohlene Phosphormenge überschritten. Bei fast 75 % der Produkte war die empfohlene Tagesmenge an Phosphor allein durch Psol1 erreicht. Mehr als die Hälfte der Diätfuttermittel enthielten mindestens das Doppelte der für gesunde Tiere empfohlenen Tagesmenge an Phosphor und überschritten damit auch die maximal erlaubten Phosphorgehalte gemäß geltender Rechtsvorgaben (VO [EU] 2020/354). Der Anteil an Psol1 überschritt selbst bei den Nierendiäten z. T. die Versorgungsempfehlung für die Tagesgesamtmenge an diesem Element für gesunde Tiere.

Schlussfolgerung Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass nicht nur bei Alleinfuttermitteln, sondern auch bei Diätfuttermitteln für niereninsuffiziente Patienten die Konzentration an Gesamtphosphor bzw. hoch verfügbarem Phosphor bei vielen Produkten deutlich bis massiv oberhalb der empfohlenen bzw. rechtlich vorgegebenen Werte liegt. Damit dürfte eine hohe Anzahl der Produkte nicht den Erwartungen von Patientenbesitzern und Tiermedizinern entsprechen.
Use of stents in patients undergoing chemotherapy for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer-causing biliary obstruction while awaiting surgery: A cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Almadi Majid A. , Gardner Timothy B. , Chen Yen-I , Adam Viviane , Barkun Jeffrey , Barkun Alan
Published: August 2021

Background and study aims Biliary stenting is indicated to relieve obstruction from borderline resectable pancreatic cancer while patients receive preoperative neoadjuvant therapy. We compared the cost-effectiveness of plastic versus metal biliary stenting in this setting.

Methods A decision tree analysis compares two competing types of biliary stents (initially metal vs. initially plastic) to treat malignant distal biliary obstruction while receiving neoadjuvant therapy with different scenarios including possible complications as bridge till the patient undergoes curative surgical attempt. Using published information, effectiveness was chosen as the probability of successfully reaching a state of being ready for surgery once chemotherapy was completed. Costs (2018 US$) were based on national data. A third-party payer perspective was adopted, and sensitivity analyses were performed over a time-horizon of one year.

Results Initially inserting a metal versus a plastic biliary stent was more efficacious with a higher probability of reaching the readiness for surgery endpoint (96 % vs. 85 %), on average 18 days earlier while also being less expensive (US$ 9,304 vs. US$ 11,538). Sensitivity analyses confirmed robustness of these results across varying probability assumptions of plausible ranges and remained a dominant strategy even when lowering the willingness-to-pay threshold to US$ 1,000.

Conclusions Initial metal stenting to relieve malignant biliary obstruction from borderline resectable pancreatic cancer in patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy prior to surgery is a dominant intervention in economic terms, when compared to initially inserting a plastic biliary stent as it results in a greater proportion of patients being fit for surgery earlier and at a lower cost.
Risk of adverse events associated with upper and lower endoscopic ultrasound: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Razik Roshan , James Paul D. , Khan Rishad , Maxwell Courtney , Ruan Yibing , Forbes Nauzer , Williams Anita , Tanyingoh Divine , Brenner Darren R. , Kaplan Gilaad G. , Hilsden Robert J. , Heitman Steven J.
Published: August 2021

Background and study aim Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) enables diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic interventions but is associated with adverse events. We conducted a population-based cohort study to determine the risk of adverse events for upper and lower EUS with and without fine-needle aspiration (FNA).

Patients and methods All adults who underwent EUS and resided in Calgary in 2007–2013 were included. Endoscopy and provincial databases were used to identify EUS procedures, unplanned emergency department visits, and hospital admissions within 30 days of the procedures, which were then characterized through formal chart review. Adverse events were defined a priori and classified as definitely, possibly, or not related to EUS. The primary outcome was 30-day risk of adverse events classified as definitely or possibly related to EUS. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted with risk factors known to be associated with EUS adverse events.

Results 2895 patients underwent 3552 EUS procedures: 3034 (85 %) upper EUS, of which 710 (23 %) included FNA, and 518 (15 %) lower EUS, of which 23 (4 %) involved FNA. Overall, 69 procedures (2 %) involved an adverse event that was either definitely or possibly related to EUS, with 33 (1 %) requiring hospitalization. None of the adverse events required intensive care or resulted in death. On multivariable analysis, only FNA was associated with increased risk of adverse events (odds ratio 6.43, 95 % confidence interval 3.92–10.55; P < 0.001).

Conclusion Upper and lower EUS were generally safe but FNA substantially increased the risk of adverse events. EUS-related complications requiring hospitalization were rare.
Economic burden of enhanced practices of duodenoscopes reprocessing and surveillance: balancing risk and cost containment
Authors: Bomman Shivanand , Kozarek Richard A. , Thaker Adarsh M. , Kodama Camilla , Muthusamy V. Raman , Ross Andrew S. , Krishnamoorthi Rajesh
Published: August 2021

Background and study aims Recent outbreaks attributed to contaminated duodenoscopes have led to the development of enhanced surveillance and reprocessing techniques (enhanced-SRT) aimed at minimizing cross-contamination. Common enhanced-SRT include double high-level disinfection (HLD), ethylene oxide (EtO) gas sterilization, and culture-based monitoring of reprocessed scopes. Adoption of these methods adds to the operational costs and we aimed to assess its economic impact to an institution.

Methods We compared the estimated costs of three enhanced-SRT versus single-HLD using data from two institutions. We examined the cost of capital measured as scope inventory and frequency of scope use per unit time, the constituent reprocessing costs required on a per-cycle basis, and labor & staffing needs. The economic impact attributable to enhanced-SRT was defined as the difference between the total cost of enhanced-SRT and single HLD.

Results Compared to single HLD, adoption of double HLD increased the costs approximately by 47 % ($80 vs $118). Similarly, culture and quarantine and EtO sterilization increased costs by 160 % and 270 %, respectively ($80 vs $208 and $296). Enhanced-SRT introduced significant scope downtime due to prolonged techniques, necessitating a 3.4-fold increase in the number of scopes needed to maintain procedural volume. The additional annual budget required to implement enhanced-SRT approached $406,000 per year in high-volume centers.

Conclusions While enhanced-SRT may reduce patient risk of exposure to contaminated duodenoscopes, it significantly increases the cost of performing ERCP. Future innovation should focus on approaches that can ensure patient safety while maintaining the ability to perform ERCP in a cost-effective manner.
In vitro evaluation of potential interference of lokivetmab with protein electrophoresis and immunofixation
Authors: Apostolopoulos Neoklis , Mitropoulou Athanasia , Foerster Gesine , Failing Klaus , Moritz Andreas , Mayer Ursula
Published: August 2021

Objective In humans, misdiagnoses of monoclonal gammopathy after use of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies has been documented. This triggers concerns for similar misdiagnoses in animals treated with monoclonal antibodies. The aim of this study was to evaluate if lokivetmab interferes with serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation electrophoresis in dogs.

Material and methods Residual sera from 25 client-owned, healthy blood donor dogs from 2 veterinary hospitals in Germany were used. The residual sera were analysed with serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation electrophoresis before and after being spiked with lokivetmab at a concentration of 10 µg/ml (corresponding to the mean peak serum concentration after a subcutaneous injection of 2 mg/kg lokivetmab).

Results No monoclonal gammopathy was observed on serum protein electrophoresis and all proteins had a normal distribution pattern without any pathologic bands on immunofixation electrophoresis. The absolute γ-globulin values of spiked samples, however, were significantly higher than in the native sera although they remained within the reference interval. No other globulin fractions were significantly different.

Conclusion and clinical relevance This study suggests that lokivetmab at a dose of 2 mg/kg is not detected as a monoclonal peak on serum protein electrophoresis or immunofixation electrophoresis, and thus is unlikely to lead to a misdiagnosis of other diseases that are characterised by monoclonal gammopathies.
Bestätigte West-Nil-Virus-Infektion bei einem Pferd mit minimalen neurologischen Symptomen und günstigem klinischem Verlauf
Authors: Trachsel Dagmar S. , Drozdzewska Karolina , Bergmann Felicitas , Ziegler Ute , Gehlen Heidrun
Published: August 2021

Das West-Nil-Virus (WNV) ist ein von Mücken übertragenes virales Pathogen mit weltweiter Bedeutung und eines der am meisten verbreiteten Flaviviren. Infektionen mit dem WNV wurden erstmalig im Jahr 2018 in Deutschland nachgewiesen und sind aufgrund der zunehmend milderen Winter mit feuchtwarmem Frühjahr in Zukunft häufiger zu erwarten. Das WNV zirkuliert hauptsächlich in einem enzootischen Zyklus zwischen ornithophilen Mücken und bestimmten Wildvogelarten. Menschen und Pferde sind Fehlwirte („dead-end hosts”) einer WNV-Infektion, erkranken häufig nicht, doch können einige von ihnen nach Viruskontakt milde fieberhafte Symptome (sog. „West-Nil-Fieber“) bis hin zu schweren Gehirnentzündungen mit tödlichem Ausgang entwickeln. Deshalb ist es wichtig, die klinischen Symptome beim Pferd zu kennen und von anderen Differenzialdiagnosen zu unterscheiden. Im Fokus dieses Fallberichts steht daher, weniger bekannte Symptome einer WNV-Infektion wie unspezifisches Fieber, Anorexie oder kolikähnliche Symptome konkret aufzuzeigen. Weiterhin werden mögliche Differenzialdiagnosen erläutert und durchgeführte Therapien dargelegt. Zudem wurde der Verlauf des Titers neutralisierender Antikörper nach einer Feldinfektion über mehrere Monate verfolgt. Auch 7 Monate nach der Infektion lag der Titer noch auf einem hohen Niveau. Anschließend konnte nach einmaliger WNV-Impfung eine sehr gute immunologische Reaktion nachgewiesen werden.
Rückkehr zum Klettersport nach einer Schulterverletzung
Authors: Deussen Simon , Emmert Lorenz
Published: August 2021

Nach einer Schulterverletzung möchten Sportkletterer so schnell wie möglich wieder zurück an den Fels oder die Kletterwand. Wie das Fallbeispiel zeigt, ist dies ohne eine exakte Diagnose nicht zu schaffen, weil sie die Grundlage für eine zielgerichtete, individuelle Therapie ist.
Risikofaktoren für Schwanzverletzungen bei nicht kupierten Mastschweinen
Authors: Glatzle Megan
Published: August 2021

Sell A, Vidondo B, Wechsler B et al. Risk factors for tail lesions in undocked fattening pigs reared on Swiss farms. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 2020; 162 (11): 683–695

Schwanzbeißen beim Schwein stellt ein multifaktorielles Problem mit hoher Tierschutz- und wirtschaftlicher Relevanz dar. In der Schweiz ist präventives Kupieren der Schwänze verboten, allerdings ist wenig über die Prävalenz von Schwanzverletzungen bekannt. Ziel der Studie war daher, die Prävalenz und Inzidenz von Schwanzverletzungen bei Mastschweinen in Schweizer Schweinebeständen zu beschreiben, dahingehende Risikofaktoren zu identifizieren und die Einstellung der Schweinehalter zur Problematik zu evaluieren.
Prophylaxe der kaninen Parvovirose
Authors: Bergmann Michèle , Freisl Monika , Hartmann Katrin
Published: August 2021

Wenngleich Impfstoffe, v. a. die gegen das kanine Parvovirus (CPV), heutzutage als sehr sicher gelten, können in seltenen Fällen dennoch postvakzinale Nebenwirkungen auftreten. Hierzu zählen zum einen milde Symptome, die sich kurz (innerhalb weniger Tage) nach der Impfung entwickeln (z. B. gastrointestinale Symptome, Fieber, reduziertes Allgemeinbefinden, Lymphadenopathie). Sie werden als Folgen der Replikation des Impfvirus gewertet und sind ein Anzeichen für eine gute Immunantwort. Die ebenfalls kurz nach der Impfung vorkommenden anaphylaktischen Reaktionen können lebensbedrohlich sein. Betroffene Hunde zeigen Symptome wie Ödeme, Speicheln, Erbrechen, Durchfall, Hypotension und/oder Schock. Oft ist unklar, welcher Bestandteil des Impfstoffs die anaphylaktische Reaktion ausgelöst hat. Es ist daher wichtig, Hunde mit vorangegangenen anaphylaktischen Reaktionen nur noch mit unbedingt notwendigen Komponenten zu impfen. Sind Wiederholungsimpfungen notwendig, z. B. weil sich keine Antikörper gegen CPV nachweisen lassen, sollte besser eine Monovakzine gegen CPV (und ggf. gegen weitere notwendige Komponenten) verwendet werden. Ein Wechsel des Impfstoffherstellers beugt möglicherweise ebenfalls einer erneuten anaphylaktischen Reaktion vor. Die längere Zeit nach Impfung auftretenden Autoimmunkrankheiten, z. B. die immunmediierte hämolytische Anämie (IMHA), könnten die Folge einer zu häufigen Vakzination von Hunden sein oder durch Impfung getriggert werden. So wurden einige Hunde mit IMHA einige Wochen vor Ausbruch der Erkrankung geimpft. Bei diesen Hunden sollten weitere Impfungen unbedingt vermieden werden.
Cross-Coupling Reactions with 2-Amino-/Acetylamino-Substituted 3-Iodo-1,4-naphthoquinones: Convenient Synthesis of Novel Alkenyl- and Alkynylnaphthoquinones and Derivatives
Authors: Demidoff Felipe C. , de Carvalho Leandro L. , Rodrigues Filho Eduardo José P. , de Souza Andréa Luzia F. , Netto Chaquip D.
Published: August 2021

Functionalized 1,4-naphthoquinones have been employed as versatile synthons in organic synthesis, in addition to presenting a large array of biological activities. Herein, the applications of 2-amino-/ acetylamino-substituted 3-iodo-1,4-naphthoquinones in cross-coupling reactions are described to successfully afford sixteen novel 3-styryl-1,4-naphthoquinones (amino-stilbene-quinone hybrids) and four 3-alkynyl-1,4-naphthoquinone in overall good yields. Interestingly, the alkynylated derivatives could be obtained from ligand- and Pd-free CuI-mediated cross-coupling reactions, after extensive investigations to exclude Pd as a co-catalyst. Lastly, the desilanized terminal alkyne was subjected to click chemistry reactions to give two novel triazole-1,4-naphthoquinone hybrids.
Citizens Committees and Local Elites: Elite Capture, Captured Elites, and Absent Elites in Health Facility Committees
Authors: Falisse Jean-Benoit , Nkengurutse Hugues
Published: August 2021

Mainstream development policies often promote citizens committees to oversee basic social services. Such committees require influence over, and legitimacy among, service providers and citizens to perform their roles, which local elites can help or hinder. Using a mixed-methods approach, we analyse the situation in 251 health facility committees in Burundi, part of which benefited from interventions designed to bolster their relationship with local leaders. Interviews and focus groups reveal that leaders’ support is essential for committees to access citizens and work with nurses, but the failure of the interventions show it is hard to nurture. The local socio-political elites (politicians, faith leaders) bypass and ignore the committees. In a ‘fragile’ context such as Burundi’s, the lack of political elite capture attempt suggests a largely vacuous committee system. The committees remain a façade participatory institution. Understanding and engaging with local everyday local politics is crucial for committee-based development approaches.
Gender approaches in the study of the digital economy: a systematic literature review
Authors: Grau-Sarabia Mónica , Fuster-Morell Mayo
Published: August 2021

The data and debates around the negative impact of online work for women’s work-life balance during the digital acceleration generated by the COVID-19 crisis have lent greater relevance to the study of gender and the digital economy. This paper sheds light on this complex relationship by systematically studying the research on gender in the digital economy over the last 25 years. The methodology used is a systematic literature review (SLR) of scientific works and policy papers across different social sciences from 1995 to 2020 in the Google Scholars and Scopus databases. The SLR has resulted in the creation of three samples on which a quantitative and qualitative analysis was carried out to evaluate the volume of the research, trends across time, gender approaches and study topics. The general conclusions indicate that gender approaches to the digital economy stem from a wide range of academic disciplines, and also that there is a lack of theoretical consistency about gender analysis. First, the paper provides an overview of the volume of works and an analysis of some trends across time. Second, it identifies the three main gender approaches applied to the digital economy: (1) the ‘feminist theory of technology and ICT’ approach; (2) the ‘feminist political economy’ approach; (3) the ‘mainstream economic analysis and women’s participation and labour in the digital economy’ approach. Moreover, it distinguishes eight main gender analysis issues within these three approaches. Finally, the paper concludes by identifying future developments for a feminist political economy framework for the digital economy.
Parenting by lying in Turkey: associations with negative psychosocial outcomes and psychopathy in adulthood
Authors: Jackson Rachel , Ekerim-Akbulut Müge , Zanette Sarah , Selçuk Bilge , Lee Kang
Published: August 2021

Parenting by lying—a practice whereby parents lie to their children as a means of emotional or behavioral control—is common throughout the world. This study expands upon the existing, albeit limited, research on parenting by lying by exploring the prevalence and long-term associations of this parenting practice in Turkey. Turkish university students (N = 182) retrospectively reported on their experiences of parenting by lying in childhood, their current frequency of lying towards parents, their present level of psychosocial adjustment problems, and their expression of psychopathic traits. The results found that recalling higher levels of parenting by lying in childhood was significantly and positively associated with both increased lying to parents as well as the expression of secondary psychopathic traits in adulthood. The novel findings uncovered in this paper highlight the potential long-term associations that parental lying to children may have on their psychosocial development in adulthood.
Thermal conductivity across the van der Waals layers of α-MoO3 thin films composed of mosaic domains with in-plane 90° rotations
Authors: Yamashita Yuichiro , Aoki Yuzuki , Yagi Takashi , Jia Junjun , Kashiwagi Makoto , Oguchi Yuki , Taketoshi Naoyuki , Shigesato Yuzo
Published: August 2021

α-Molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3) is a typical two-dimensional metal oxide material, in which the covalently bonded layers are bonded by van der Waals forces. Herein, the thermal conductivities across the van der Waals layers of α-MoO3 thin films with nominal thicknesses of 50, 100, and 125 nm were investigated. The α-MoO3 thin films were fabricated on the (100) plane of a single-crystalline SrTiO3 substrate heated up to 400 °C by DC reactive magnetron sputtering using a Mo metal target. The b-axis-oriented α-MoO3 thin films epitaxially grown on the SrTiO3 (100) plane were confirmed by x-ray diffraction and x-ray pole figure analyses. Electron diffraction patterns and plane-view transmission electron micrographs revealed that the α-MoO3 thin films were composed of mosaic domains with a diameter of ∼2 nm, with each domain rotated in-plane by 90° with respect to the neighboring one. The mean thermal conductivity across the van der Waals layers of the three α-MoO3 thin films was evaluated to be 1.2 ± 0.3 W m−1 K−1, which is comparable to the reported thermal conductivities of layered cobalt oxide thin films. The reduced thermal conductivity is mainly due to phonon scattering at domain boundaries lying in the in-plane direction.
Mutual singularities of overlapping attractor and repeller
Authors: Chigarev Vladimir , Kazakov Alexey , Pikovsky Arkady
Published: August 2021

We apply the concepts of relative dimensions and mutual singularities to characterize the fractal properties of overlapping attractor and repeller in chaotic dynamical systems. We consider one analytically solvable example (a generalized baker’s map); two other examples, the Anosov–Möbius and the Chirikov–Möbius maps, which possess fractal attractor and repeller on a two-dimensional torus, are explored numerically. We demonstrate that although for these maps the stable and unstable directions are not orthogonal to each other, the relative Rényi and Kullback–Leibler dimensions as well as the mutual singularity spectra for the attractor and repeller can be well approximated under orthogonality assumption of two fractals.
Molecular level insight into the solvation of cellulose in deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Alizadeh Vahideh , Kirchner Barbara
Published: August 2021

Deep eutectic solvents as sustainable and new-generation solvents show potential in the field of cellulose dissolution. Although these novel materials are tested for numerous industrial, environmental, and medical applications, little is known about the structural features of cellulose interacting with deep eutectic solvents. In this work, the interplay of cellulose is studied in two deep eutectic solvents: choline acetate mixed with urea and choline chloride mixed with urea using classical molecular dynamics simulations. Dissolution of cellulose in the studied liquids was not observed to be in agreement with experimental work from the literature. However, a slight swelling in the chloride, as compared to the acetate-based solvent, is apparent. A possible rationale might be found in the stronger hydrogen bonding of the chloride anion compared to the acetate anion with the hydrogen atoms of the cellulose. Moreover, chloride approaches the outer glucose units comparatively more, which could be interpreted as the onset of entering and thus dissolving the cellulose as was previously observed. Specific hydrogen bonds between all units are analyzed and discussed in detail.
High-temperature electromechanical loss in piezoelectric langasite and catangasite crystals
Authors: Suhak Yuriy , Fritze Holger , Sotnikov Andrei , Schmidt Hagen , Johnson Ward L.
Published: August 2021

Temperature-dependent acoustic loss Q−1 is studied in partially disordered langasite (LGS, La3Ga5SiO14) and ordered catangasite (CTGS, Ca3TaGa3Si2O14) crystals and compared with previously reported CTGS and langatate (LGT, La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14) data. Two independent techniques, a contactless tone-burst excitation technique and contacting resonant piezoelectric spectroscopy, are used in this study. Contributions to the measured Q−1(T) are determined through fitting to physics-based functions, and the extracted fit parameters, including the activation energies of the processes, are discussed. It is shown that losses in LGS and CTGS are caused by a superposition of several mechanisms, including intrinsic phonon–phonon loss, point-defect relaxations, and conductivity-related relaxations.
Effect of shape of the stenosis on the hemodynamics of a stenosed coronary artery
Authors: Freidoonimehr Navid , Chin Rey , Zander Anthony , Arjomandi Maziar
Published: August 2021

In this study, the effect of the shape of the stenosis on the flow transition in an artery is investigated. Different shapes of the stenosis including round, oval, elongated, half-moon, bean-shape, and crescent with and without eccentricity at a constant degree of stenosis (73%) are studied. A computational model, validated against the in-house Particle Image Velocimetry experimental results, is used to investigate the flow behavior. The results showed that the length of the jet region after the stenotic section varies significantly for different shapes of the stenosis. Based on the analysis of turbulent kinetic energy, power spectral density, and the spectral entropy of stream-wise velocity fluctuations, it was shown that eddies are formed after the dissipation of jet flow downstream of the stenosis. It was also shown that the intensity of the velocity fluctuations differs for different shapes of the stenosis. Furthermore, using the proper orthogonal decomposition method, it was shown that the shape of the stenosis has a significant impact on the downstream coherent structures. It was found that regardless of the degree of stenosis, specific shapes of the stenosis, such as round concentric, create less serious hemodynamic complications compared to the other shapes of the stenosis.