bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Firm Innovation and Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Berry Thomas D. , Wagner Erica ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2019

Firm innovation creates an informational asymmetry between the firm and outside stakeholders. Since CSR activities have been shown to reduce asymmetries and risk we surmise that firms use discretionary CSR activities to reduce the asymmetries from innovation. We study an innovation intense industry (technology) and find results that support the hypothesis that firms use CSR to signal long term viability of innovative activities.
Perspectival Skeptical Theism
Authors: Rutledge Jonathan Curtis ,   The Society of Christian Philosophers
Published: May 2019

Skeptical theists have paid insufficient attention to non-evidential components of epistemic rationality. I address this lacuna by constructing an alternative perspectivalist understanding of epistemic rationality and defeat that, when applied to skeptical theism, yields a more demanding standard for reasonably affirming the crucial premise of the evidential argument from suffering. The resulting perspectival skeptical theism entails that someone can be justified in believing that gratuitous suffering exists only if they are not subject to closure-of-inquiry defeat; that is, a type of defeat that prevents reasonable belief that p even if p is very probable on an agent’s evidence.
In the News
Authors: Free David
Published: May 2019

Welcome to the May 2019 issue of C&RL News. In this issue’s ACRL TechConnect article, Shawn McCann and Rebeca Peacock discuss ways you can “Be an ally for accessibility” by being mindful of the way you present online content.
Empowering collaborations and creating brave spaces: People of Color in Library and Information Science Summit
Authors: Blas Nataly , Conner-Gaten Aisha , Deras Rachel , Young Jessea
Published: May 2019

The William H. Hannon Library at Loyola Marymount University (LMU) in Los Angeles, California, held the first People of Color in Library and Information Science (POC in LIS) Summit on July 13, 2018. The summit was a collaborative planning effort by LMU librarians to create a productive and brave space for POC, especially women and marginalized identities, working in the information sector. The POC in LIS Summit invited participants to challenge their roles as information workers and acknowledge that dominant narratives may be disrupted.
Internet Reviews
Authors: Roberts Joni R. , Drost Carol A.
Published: May 2019

The News Literacy ProjectResearch Institute of Economy, Trade and IndustryThe Shelley-Godwin Archive
New-onset atrial fibrillation is associated with 28-day mortality among patients with sepsis
Authors: Nielsen Finn Erland
Published: May 2019

Background: New-onset atrial fibrillation (NO-AF) has been associated with adverse outcomes in sepsis. The definition of sepsis is based on organ dysfunction by use of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. However, adult patients with suspected infection can be identified as being more likely to have poor outcomes typical of sepsis if they have at least two qSOFA criteria. We have analyzed the occurrence of NO-AF on admission and 28-day mortality among infected patients with two or more qSOFA criteria on admission.

Methods: A prospective cohort study of infected patients aged 18 years or older admitted to the emergency department (ED) of Slagelse Hospital during 01.10.2017 – 31.03.2018 (171 days). The population in the area was 198.000. All patients with suspected or documented infection on arrival, and treated with antibiotics, were included. NO-AF was defined as episodes of atrial fibrillation (AF) within 4 hours from admission documented on a 12-lead electrocardiogram and without a history of prior AF. We used a logistic regression analysis to adjust for the potential confounding of the association between NO-AF and 28-day mortality. Survival status was obtained from the Danish Civil Registration System.

Results: A total of 2.168 infected patients with median age of 73.1 years were included, and 181 (8.3%; 95% CI 4.7-13.3) fulfilled at least two qSOFA criteria on admission. The incidence of sepsis based on qSOFA criteria was estimated to 194/100,000. A total of 15 (8.3%, 95% CI 4.7-13.3) qSOFA patients developed NO-AF. The 28-day mortality among all qSOFA patients was 17.1% (95% CI 11.9-23.4), 40.0% (95 % 16.3-67.7) among patients with NO-AF and 15.1% (95% CI 10.0-21.4) among patients without NO-AF). Unadjusted odds ratio for 28-day mortality among NO-AF patients was 3.8 (95% CI 1.2-11.50) and 4.6 (95% CI 1.4-15.3) after adjustment for several potential confounders.

Conclusion: New-onset atrial fibrillation is independently associated with 28-day mortality among patients with qSOFA defined sepsis.
Triage response by two different out-of-hours healthcare services: an observational cohort study
Authors: Søvsø Morten Breinholt , Gamst-Jensen Hejdi , Christensen Morten Bondo , Huibers Linda , Lippert Freddy , Christensen Erika Frischknecht
Published: May 2019

Background: The entry points to Danish acute care are the out-of-hours health care services (OOH) and emergency medical services (EMS). Where EMS is organized in a similar manner throughout Denmark, the OOH is not. Four regions (including the North Denmark Region) have a general practitioner operated service (OOH-GP), whereas the Capital Region of Copenhagen, (Copenhagen) Denmark has the Medical Helpline 1813, (OOH-1813) which is staffed by nurses and physicians. Nationally, access to out-of-hours healthcare and emergency departments requires referral by one of the healthcare services. The OOH services in the North Denmark Region and Copenhagen handle similar patients and health problems; however, no published research has compared the type of actions performed in response to patient calls.   We investigated and compared the type of triage response given by OOH-GP and OOH-1813 to patient contacts in the study period and the proportion of subsequent hospitalization.

Methods: Observational cohort study of patients contacting OOH-GP and OOH-1813 from January 24th to February 9th, 2017. Patients with valid personal identification numbers were included. Primary outcomes were action performed by the call-handler i.e. telephone consultation, face-to-face consultation, home visit and hospitalization within 24 hours. Hospitalization was defined as a hospital stay of ≥24 hours.

Results: We included 32,489 contacts (OOH-GP: 21,149 and OOH-1813: 11,340 (representative sample)). Calls to the OOH-GP were handled as follows: 67.2% (n=14,214) telephone consultation only, 32.8% (n=6,935) face-to-face consultations including 1,089 home visits (5.1%). In comparison, at OOH-1813, 51% (n=5,763) were handled by telephone consultation only, 49% (n=5,575) were triaged to face-to-face consultation including 38 home visits (0.44%). The differences in triage were statistically significant (p<0.05). Subsequent admissions occurred after 524 (4.6%) OOH-1813 contacts and 798 (3.8%) OOH-GP contacts (OR = 1.22 (1.01;1.27)).

Conclusions: This comparison of OOH-1813 and OOH-GP shows significant differences in the triage responses, among these, notably more face-to-face consultations at OOH-1813. Subsequent hospitalizations were comparable with a small, but statistically significant, overrepresentation among the OOH-1813 cohort. These results could be due to the differences in organizational structure of the OOH or demographics in the two regions (capital vs city-rural), however further research is needed to determine this.
Prehospital dyspnoea patients in the North Denmark Region
Authors: Lindskou Tim Alex , Pilgaard Laura , Søvsø Morten Breinholt , Kløjgård Torben Anders , Larsen Thomas Mulvad , Jensen Flemming Bøgh , Weinrich Ulla Møller , Christensen Erika Frischknecht
Published: May 2019

Background: Prehospital dyspnoea patients are a frequent group with a high mortality. However, there is limited knowledge about their characteristics. We aimed to investigate causes for dispatched ambulances to patients diagnosed with dyspnoea, and diagnoses given to patients to whom an ambulance was dispatched due to dyspnoea.

Method: Retrospective cohort study in the North Denmark region in the period 2012-2015. We included all emergency ambulance patients where the main cause for a dispatched ambulance was “Breathing difficulty”, and all emergency ambulance patients who were diagnosed within the ICD-10 chapter “Diseases of the respiratory system” at hospital. 

Results: 4933 patients had an ambulance dispatched due to “Breathing difficulty”. Their most frequent diagnoses at hospital were ICD-10 chapter “Diseases of the respiratory system” (49.45%), “Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified” (18.56%), “Diseases of the circulatory system” (9.20%), and “Factors influencing health status and contact with health services” (5.71%). Contrariwise, 5163 emergency ambulance patients received a diagnosis within ICD-10 chapter “Diseases of the respiratory system” at hospital. The most frequent causes for dispatched ambulances to these patients were “Breathing difficulty” (49.45%), “Unclarified problem” (11.16%), and “Chest pain - heart disease” (9.55%). 16.00% of dispatches were without cause.

Conclusion: Only half of the patients had both ambulance dispatch and hospital diagnose related to breathing difficulties. The variation and distribution of causes for ambulance dispatch and diagnoses given at hospital, suggests that dyspnoea is a symptom present in many conditions and the patient group is complex.
Clinical and environmental factors are not associated with establishment of pre-hospital intravenous access.
Authors: Lyngby Rasmus
Published: May 2019

Background: Establishing intravenous (IV) access is part of the paramedic scope of practice and in critically ill patients the procedure is essential to administer fluids and/or drugs. However, in the unique pre-hospital setting clinical and environmental factors may challenge the procedure. Previous studies have investigated IV procedure time and overall success-rates with little or no attention to the impact of challenging factors. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical and environmental factors associated with the first attempt of IV access establishment.

Methods: Data containing information on IV procedure characteristics, patient condition and environmental factors were obtained by paramedics operating in the Capital Region of Denmark. Data was collected during three non-consecutive months in 2017 and 2018. Data was exported to IBM’s Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for analysis. A chi-square test for independence (with Yates’ Continuity Correction for 2x2 tables and likelihood ratio for expected count violations) was applied to test for association between first attempt of IV access establishment, patient condition and environmental factors.

Results: A total of 259 datasets were available. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between first attempt of IV access establishment and assessed level of difficulty (p=0.00). No significant association was found between first attempt of IV access establishment and presence of radial pulse (p=0.21), patient triage category (p=0.35), size of catheter (p=0.80), site of catheter insertion (p=0.11), light conditions (p=0.26) and procedure location (p=0.31).

Conclusion: This study concludes that first-attempt IV access establishment was significantly associated with assessed level of difficulty, and non-significantly associated with the investigated clinical end environmental factors. Based on the findings, paramedics should reconsider IV access for patients where the procedure is considered difficult, and consider other available administration options. On the contrary, paramedics should not refrain from attempting IV access establishment based on present clinical and environmental factors thought to challenge the procedure.
Is video communication technology building bridges between the primary health care and the emergency department in the Region of Southern Denmark?
Authors: Paulsen Gitte Højsgaard , Fredskild Trine Ungermann
Published: May 2019

Background: In 2017, 2523 patients above the age of 64 were admitted from the community of Aabenraa to the Emergency Department (ED). Around 54% of them discharged from the ED within 48 hours. The aim of the CoLab project is to explore the information barriers in the transition of elder patients between primary health care (PHC) and the ED and back. Furthermore, to investigate whether a standardized communication tool combined with video communication technology improves the cross-sectoral communication and collaboration between nurses in the ED and PHC.
Methods: This was an exploratory and qualitative study. Data was generated from semi-structured group interviews with seven PHC nurses and two ED nurses. The standardized communication tool was developed from both a similar tool constructed by the Danish society for patient safety: ISBAR MED SALSA and the results from the interviews. Video communication via iPad was used between the acute care nurses in PHC and ED and a stationary video communication tool was installed between the ED and the two call centers in PHC.
Results: The interim analysis of the study so far suggests that is it not possible to establish a scheduled time for communication between ED and the PHC because of the established fast track patient pathways. Using a communication tool as guide for information sharing led to a higher quality exchange of information between PHC and ED. Both the PHC and ED nurses saw improvement in exchanging information by combining the standardized communication tool with video conferencing.  This has raised the understanding of each other’s work areas and the need for sharing information about the transition of the elder patients between the PHC and ED.
Conclusion: The project is still in progress. However, the midterm analysis has shown evidence that a standardized communication tool combined with video communication would improve the quality of cross-sectoral communication and collaboration between nurses in the ED and PHC. We believe that communication barriers should be reduced or eliminated in order to improve cross-sectoral collaboration and the continuity of care for the elder patient during the transition between PHC and ED.
Registration of Prehospital Vital Parameters
Authors: Poulsen Ninna Rysholt
Published: May 2019

Background: The North Denmark Region implemented an electronic Prehospital Patient medical Record (PPR) in 2006. In 2015 a new version of the PPR was implemented. Implementation of new technologies can be challenging, including structurally and organizational obstacles, which causes difficulty in achieving data completeness. The aim was to examine completeness of registrations of vital parameters in PPR before and after the new version, and examine the distribution of the registrations.
Method: The cohort includes all patients to whom an ambulance was dispatched after an emergency 112-call in the North Denmark Region from 2007-2014 and 2016. We examined the registration and distribution of six vital parameters, and included the first measurement. A trend analysis was used to assess the change in registration from 2007-2014, 2016. To exclude outliers in registrations we defined cut-points for systolic blood pressure (BP) (250mmHG), heart rate (HR) (250 beats per minute), and Respiratory Rate (RR) (100 breaths per minute), based on clinical relevance and their natural distributions. The other vital parameters had well-defined cut-points. We examined the distributions with and without outliers.
Results: We identified 220,173 patients. Percentage of registrations without outliers from 2007 to 2014 vs. 2016: BP 73% to 86% vs. 81%, HR 76% to 88% vs. 81%, blood oxygenation (SpO2) 72% to 85% vs. 81%, RR 34% to 82% vs. 77%, Glasgow-Coma-Scale-score (GCS) 54% to 92% vs. 81%, Numeric Rating Scale for pain (NRS) 0% to 16% vs. 24%. Data from all years showed normal distributions for systolic BP and HR with mean (95% confidence interval): 141.8 (141.7; 142), 91.9 (91.8; 92.1), respectively. For RR, SpO2 and NRS; median (interquartile range) was: 18 (16; 20), 98 (95; 99), 6 (3; 8). From 2007-2014, 82% of the GCS-scores were on 15; in 2016 85% were on 15. There was 51% of the patients who had five vital parameters measured from 2007-2014 and 47% in 2016.
Conclusion: Registration increased significantly from 2007 to 2014, with a significant decrease in 2016, except for the NRS-score. The decrease in 2016 is probably attributed the implementation process. Overall vital parameters were within normal ranges, despite outliers in registration.
Frailty and mortality: Braden Scale is associated with mortality among elderly, infected patients admitted to an emergency department
Authors: Sørensen Rune Husås
Published: May 2019

Background: Infections can lead to serious clinical condition among the frail and elderly population and is associated with high mortality. Currently, no consistent use of frailty risk assessment tools is implemented outside geriatric departments. The Braden Scale (BS) for predicting pressure sore risk is used routinely in hospital settings and has also been associated with mortality in some studies. The aim of this study was to examine the association between BS and 28-day mortality among infected elderly patients admitted to an emergency department (ED).

Methods: A prospective study conducted between 1st October 2017 and 31st March 2018 among elderly (≥65 years) patients admitted to the ED at Slagelse Hospital with an infection. Information on BS (low-risk: BS≥19; intermedium risk:13<BS<18; high-risk:BS≤12), and other relevant data was obtained from the patient records. Information on 28-day mortality was obtained from the Danish Civil Registration System. We have used logistic regression analysis to adjust for potential confounders of the association between BS and mortality. Changes in model fit were analyzed by the log-likelihood test.

Results: A total of 1468 patients (52.0% female) aged ≥65 years with median age of 78.9 years (interquartile range 72.8-86.0) were included. BS was registered among 1072 (73.0%) patients. A total of 89 patients (8.3%) were in the high-risk group (BS≤12), 508 (47.4%) were in the intermedium-risk group and 475 patients (44.3%) in the low-risk group. The overall 28-day mortality was 10.0%. Unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for mortality, with low-risk group as reference, was 2.21 (95% confidence interval (CI)1.42-3.45) for intermedium risk and 7.66 (95% CI 4.34-13.51) for the high-risk group. Odds ratio for the patients with missing BS was 0.60 (95% CI 0.32-1.12). Adjusted OR was 2.02 (95% CI 1.29-3.17) and 7.46 (95% CI 4.16-13.35) for the intermedium and high-risk groups, respectively.

Conclusion: The Braden Scale can be used as a prognostic marker among elderly patients admitted to an ED with infection.
Hygiene perception and motivational factors of influence on high-quality hand hygiene performance among emergency medical service providers: Results from an international survey
Authors: Vikke Heidi Storm
Published: May 2019

Background: Hand hygiene a cornerstone in infection prevention and control lacks quality in the EMS. Improvement is complicated and includes both individual and institutional aspects. However, little is known about EMS providers' perception and motivational factors leading to a high-quality hand hygiene.  We aimed to describe 1) EMS providers’ perception on hand hygiene, 2) practical measures’ feasibility to improve compliance and 3) motivational factors related to high-quality hand hygiene among the cohort.

Methods: A cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire consisting of 24 items (developed from WHOs Perception Survey for Health-Care Workers) provided information on demographics, improvement feasibility of practical measures, and various subjective, normative and control beliefs among EMS providers from Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Australia.

Results: Overall, 933 questionnaires were returned (response rate 15%). Most respondents were advanced-care providers, male and had > 5 years EMS experience. In total, 61% received hand hygiene training < 3 years ago, and 93% perceived hand hygiene a routine. Most perceived access to hand hygiene supplies, and training and education as feasible practical measures to improve overall hand hygiene compliance.  The majority acknowledged the scope and severity of health-care associated infections and the preventive effect of hand hygiene. Overall, 55% believed that hand hygiene was an organizational priority, 26% that it was important to their managers, 36% to colleges, and 58% to patients. Also, 44% perceived their colleges' hand hygiene compliance high (≥ 80% compliance rate), 71% perceived hand hygiene relatively easy to perform. Organizational priority, peer pressure, and self-efficacy were separately associated with self-reported high-quality hand hygiene.

Conclusions: Hand hygiene supplies, simple and clear instructions, and training and education are highly warranted. Moreover, organizational priority, role models, and self-efficacy are motivational components with the potential to empower hand hygiene compliance within this cohort. Future interventional studies are needed to investigate the effect of a multimodal improvement strategy including both practical and behavioral aspects.
La femme voyageuse dans les Héroïdes 10, 12 et 21: lectures intra-ovidiennes
Authors: Alekou Stella
Published: May 2019

In this paper, the discussion centres on the portrayal of the female traveller in Ovid’s Heroides 10, 12 and 21. Notwithstanding the predominance of travelling narratives in the collection, most letters tend to focus on the description of the heroes’ journeys as passively attested by the abandoned puellae, whereas the epistles of Ariadne, Medea and Cydippe explicitly address the issue of travelling as – also – a feminine activity. The examination of the travel motif will encourage us to review critically the wellestablished and quite restricted perception of women in Ovid’s Heroides as mere elegiac puellae in love. The paper will tackle the recontextualisation of the travel metaphor from the text of two exiled women to Cydippe’s final words – possibly written during Ovid’s relegatio –, to examine the poet’s plea for survival and commemoration.
Le bilinguisme législatif en Ontario : la situation actuelle
Authors: Wood Michael J.B.
Published: May 2019

Le présent article est une version remaniée et étoffée d’une allocution prononcée à Toronto le 11 novembre 1989 au congrès annuel de l’Association des juristes d’expression française de l’Ontario. L’auteur traite de la situation actuelle du bilinguisme législatif en Ontario. Il examine d’abord la situation constitutionnelle de l’Ontario dans ce domaine, avant d’analyser plus en détail la portée des dispositions pertinentes de la Loi de 1986 sur les services en français, qui constitue la garantie législative du nouveau système de bilinguisme législatif en Ontario. L’auteur termine son article par une description des techniques adoptées par le Bureau des conseillers législatifs, qui a pour mandat d’exécuter les obligations imposées au gouvernement de l’Ontario en matière de bilinguisme législatif.
L’application extraterritoriale du droit communautaire de la concurrence et les entreprises canadiennes
Authors: Riel Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2019

Depuis 1957, le Traité de Rome instituant la Communauté économique européenne, a créé un ordre juridique spécifique qui est structuré en fonction de ses objectifs. Ainsi, comme le droit de la concurrence à l’intérieur du Marché commun constitue un des pivot essentiel au bon fonctionnement de cette organisation, il est tout à fait inévitable que la C.E.E. soit confrontée au phénomène de l’application extraterritoriale du droit communautaire de la concurrence. Ces dernières années, la Cour de Justice des Communautés européennes a déjà appliqué les dispositions du Traité de Rome sur la concurrence à des entreprises établies à l’extérieur de son territoire sans avoir à s’appuyer sur la théorie des effets; en ce sens, le récent arrêt de la cour, communément dénommé « affaire Pâtes à papier », impliquant de nombreuses entreprises multinationales dont plusieurs établies au Canada, retient l’attention car la cour a confirmé sa compétence extraterritoriale tout en évitant, encore une fois, de justifier sa compétence par la théorie des effets.
Fiscalité des entreprises et paradis fiscaux : une étude sur données canadiennes
Authors: Martin Julien , Stratica Cristian
Published: May 2019

Le recours à l’évitement fiscal est un phénomène largement documenté dans la littérature économique et comptable, quoique peu d’études traitent de l’évitement fiscal des multinationales canadiennes. Cet article dresse un portrait de l’évolution de l’imposition des entreprises canadiennes et de leur recours aux paradis fiscaux. Une évaluation des pertes associées au recours aux paradis fiscaux est proposée.

Les multinationales utilisent différentes méthodes pour réduire, voire se soustraire à la fiscalité. Elles peuvent, entre autres, déplacer leur endettement vers des pays à taux d’imposition élevés.

Elles peuvent aussi ajuster les prix de transferts, qui sont les prix imputés dans les transactions avec leurs filiales étrangères, de manière à transférer des profits vers des pays où le système de taxation est plus avantageux. Enfin, les multinationales ont également la possibilité de délocaliser leurs activités en faveur des juridictions à faible imposition.

La littérature suggère que les entreprises canadiennes entretiennent des relations étroites avec les juridictions à faible imposition. Collins et Shackelford (1995) ont calculé que les entreprises canadiennes ont un taux d’imposition effectif inférieur à celui des États-Unis, du Japon et du Royaume-Uni. Arnold et Wilson (2014) montrent que les autorités du Canada sont réticentes à l’idée d’adopter des mesures restrictives afin de ne pas désavantager les entreprises canadiennes vis-à-vis de ses concurrents internationaux. Hejazi (2007) met en évidence l’importance croissante des paradis fiscaux dans les investissements directs canadiens à l’étranger. Mintz et Smart (2004) montrent que les entreprises canadiennes procèdent à l’évitement fiscal entre les provinces en transférant leurs bénéfices vers des provinces ou des territoires à faible fiscalité.

Différentes sources de données microéconomiques et macroéconomiques sont mobilisées. Il ressort de cette étude que le taux d’imposition effectif des entreprises canadiennes se situe largement en deçà du taux d’imposition statutaire et qu’il n’a cessé de décroître au cours des 35 dernières années. La tendance baissière du taux d’imposition s’observe pour les petites et pour les grandes entreprises. Cependant, les niveaux et l’évolution des taux d’imposition effectifs sont assez hétérogènes entre secteurs d’activité. Les données montrent ensuite que la part des bénéfices générés à l’étranger par les entreprises canadiennes a plus que doublé au cours des 30 dernières années. Par ailleurs, les paradis fiscaux abritent environ 25 % des investissements canadiens à l’étranger.
The Borowski Case
Authors: Shumiatcher Morris C.
Published: May 2019

The Borowski case first establishes Borowski's status and right to represent the unborn in his action to have the provisions of the Criminal Code concerning abortion declared a violation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The author, Borowski's lawyer, then presents his arguments in favor of the rights of the unborn: Sections 7 and 15 of the Canadian Charter, confirm his rights by guaranteeing the right of “everyone” to “life, liberty and security” and by protecting his against “discrimination based upon mental or physical disabilities”. In spite of the testimonies of the world's outstanding authorities in the fields of perinatology, neonatalogy, embryology, gynecology, neurosurgery and abortion, the Trial court, turning to Section 206 of the Criminal Code, concluded that until a child leaves the body of his or her mother in a living state, he or she is not a human being. Moreover, the unborn is not “someone” encompassed in the word “everyone” of Section 7 of the Charter.

English and Canadian jurisprudence is then reviewed by the author. He proceeds to analyze the impact of important decisions rendered in Spain, West-Germany and the United States and examines the consequences of the Morgentaler decision.
Les espaces publics urbains toulousains au prisme de la jeunesse : modes d’appropriation, usages et fonctions
Authors: Ruel Sophie , Bordes Véronique , Sahuc Philippe , Boutineau Gaëlle
Published: May 2019

Cadre de la recherche : Les espaces publics présentent une diversité de formes et d’environnements qui peuvent être étudiés sous différents angles. La jeunesse, quant à elle, constituée d’un grand nombre de profils, est devenue un enjeu politique et social en France depuis les années 1980. Force est de constater que l’espace public de la jeunesse, ou les espaces publics, souffrent d’une vision traditionnelle qui considère la présence des jeunes comme un problème à résoudre.

Objectifs : Appréhender les modes d’appropriation, usages et fonctions des espaces publics urbains toulousains de jeunes âgés de 11 à 28 ans, tel est l’objectif du présent article. Comment se définit leur relation aux espaces publics urbains ? Comment ces espaces font-ils sens pour eux ? Quelles fonctions remplissent-ils ? De quelle manière les jeunes se les approprient-ils, les investissent-ils ? Quels sont leurs usages ? Qu'est-ce qui s'y joue ?

Méthodologie : Ces questions sont abordées et examinées à la lumière d’un travail de cartographie et d’observations ethnographiques qui permettent de saisir la problématique de la jeunesse et de sa place dans les espaces publics urbains. Ce présent travail est issu d’une étude commandée par la mairie de Toulouse, qui s’est déroulée entre décembre 2012 et juin 2013.

Résultats : Il permet de révéler que l’ensemble du territoire de la ville est couvert par une présence jeune et que les espaces publics urbains ne sont jamais prédéfinis, mais font l’objet d’une construction sociale à laquelle les jeunes prennent part.

Conclusions : Les espaces publics urbains sont, pour la jeunesse, un riche terrain d’expérimentations. Ils demeurent des espaces de socialisation et de développement de lien social au sein desquels les jeunes explorent le caractère public de la vie sociale et donnent à voir les conditions de leur visibilité.

Contribution : Cet article, qui pose la question de la jeunesse, de son image, de ce que la société souhaite pour elle et qui interroge le type d’inscription institutionnelle possible dans les espaces publics urbains, concourt à l’enrichissement des réflexions concernant les politiques jeunesse.
POTROŠAČKI ETNOCENTRIZAM
Authors: Gašević Dragana , Jovičić Dragoljub , Vranješ Marija
Published: May 2019

Prilikom donošenja odluke o kupovni na ponašanje potrošača često utiču i njihovietnocentrični stavovi. U kojoj meri se ostvaruje taj uticaj zavisi od kuture i istorijepojedinih naroda, ekonomske situacije u konkretnoj zemlji, otvorenosti premasvetskim trendovima i kulturama i td. Primena etnocentrizama, kao sociološkogfenomena,u ekonomiji i marketingu posmatra se kroz koncept potrošačkogetnocentrizma koji se odnosi stav potrošača ali i ponašanje koje je usmereno nakupovinu pre domaćih u odnosu na inostrane proizvode. Cilj rada je da se ispita uticajovog fenomena na donošenje odluke o kupovini. U konretnom istraživanju podaci suprikupljeni od 118 ispitanika. U radu je primenjena CET skala, a ispitanici su seizjašnjavali o svojim stavovima preko sedmostepene Likertove skale. Rezultatiistraživanja pokazuju relativnu usklađenost sa ranijim istraživanjima u ovoj oblasti.Podaci pokazuju da je ukupan stepen potrošačkog etnocentrizma na neznatno nižemnivou u odnosu na istraživanja koja su u Srbiji realizovana 2005. i 2008.godine i sadaiznosi 56,95. Veći stepen potrošačkog etnocentrizma prisutan je muškaraca u odnosuna žene, kodstarijih osoba u odnosu na mlađu generaciju, kao i kod osoba sa nižimnivoom obrazovanja u odnosu na visokoobrazovane osobe. U narednom periodu bilobi interesantno istražiti međusobne stavove potrošača iz Srbije prema kupoviniproizvoda iz konkretne zemlje i obrnuto, odnosno kako potrošači iz te druge zemljereaguju na srpske proizvode.
UTICAJ ON-LINE MARKETINGA NA PONAŠANJE POTROŠAČA
Authors: Milić Mladen , Đuranović Dragan
Published: May 2019

On-line marketing predstavlja veoma važan alat koji menadžment kompanijekoristi za njeno što bolje i kvalitetnije pozicioniranje na tržištu. Menadžmentkompanije primjenom on-line marketinga na efikasan, ekonomičan i efektivan načingradi odnose između kompanije sa jedne i potrošača, odnosno korisnika usluga sadruge strane. Za veoma kratko vrijeme u Republici Srpskoj i BiH, on-line marketingće postati uspješan i nezamjenljiv poslovni model koji će kompanije i njihovmenadžment obilato primjenjivati u svakodnevnom poslovanju. Menadžmentkompanija koji na vrijeme ne shvati online marketing, njegovu ulogu i značaj upozicioniranju na tržištu i uticaj na ponašanje potrošača, imaće malu iligotovonikakvu šansu u tržišnoj utakmici sa izuzetno jakom konkurencijom ijednostavno biće osuđen na poraz i gubitak tržišnog udjela.
INSTITUCIONALNI EFEKTI PROCESA PROŠIRENJA EVROPSKE UNIJE
Authors: Lakić Danijela , Ostojić Radoslav
Published: May 2019

U radu se analizira uticaj procesa proširenja odnosno uvećanja broja članicaEvropske unije na Savet, Evropski savet, Komisiju i Evropski parlament, institucijekoje kreiraju i sprovode politiku proširenja. Iako se institucionalni okvir značajnijenije menjao od početka procesa integracija, stalno uvećanje broja članica, od početnihšest na današnjih dvadeset i osam, zahtevalo je prilagođavanje institucija. Mogućablokada rada institucija, izmene njihovog sastava i načina rada, te pitanjeinstitucionalne efikasnosti su osnovni institucionalni problemi koje su otvaraladosadašnja proširenja. Najveći izazov za institucije Unije predstavljalo je Istočnoproširenje, 2004/2007. godine, kada je primljeno dvanaest zemalja. Osnovna teza radaje da proces proširenja ne utiče negativno na institucionalni okvir Unije, pod uslovomda institucionalna reforma prethodi proširenju.
FREQUENCY OF DETERMINATION OF PARENCHYMAL ORGANS DISTURBANCES DURING ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION OF REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
Authors: ĆIBIĆ Strahinja , PAVLOVIĆ Miloš
Published: May 2019

Ultrasound Real time 2D diagnostics, being an available and non-invasive method, issuccessfully used in human medicine, veterinary medicine and biology to diagnose bothphysiological and pathological conditions. In the case of small animals, the ultrasound is often usedto diagnose gravidity, number, size and vitality of fetuses as well as to diagnose pathologicalconditions present in the genital tract, and is also used to examine testicles and prostate of maleanimals. Today's advanced use of the ultrasound diagnostics provides us with an opportunity todetect numerous pathological conditions of reproductive tract of both female and male animals, andthose conditions directly affect health status of other internal organs. The aim of this study is todiagnose primary genital tract disorders using the ultrasound diagnostics, as well as proving itsconnection to the changes in parenchymal organs. The ultrasound examination was performed onthe total of 12 dogs, 6 male and 6 female dogs. Ovaries, uterus and the organs in the abdominal areawere examined using a transducer ranging from 5 to 8 MHz. A transducer of 7.5 MHz was used toexamine prostates and testicles. The patients were in dorsal position. Three out of six examined maledogs exhibited changes on their prostates, and the remaining one had a tumor on the testicles. Cystitisand hyperplasia of prostate were also found upon the examination of these dogs. One out of sixexamined female dogs, had cystic endometrial hyperplasia, three of them had pyometra, and one ofthem was diagnosed with an follicular cyst. In addition to these pathological conditions, changeswere noticed in the liver and pancreas. Along with the detection of primary changes in the genitaltract of both male and female animals, the ultrasound diagnostics can be used to discover consequentchanges in parenchymal organs.
Structural plasticity of actin-spectrin membrane skeleton and functional role of actin and spectrin in axon degeneration
Authors: Wang Guiping , Simon David J , Wu Zhuhao , Belsky Deanna M , Heller Evan , O'Rourke Melanie K , Hertz Nicholas T , Molina Henrik , Zhong Guisheng , Tessier-Lavigne Marc , Zhuang Xiaowei
Published: May 2019

Axon degeneration sculpts neuronal connectivity patterns during development and is an early hallmark of several adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders. Substantial progress has been made in identifying effector mechanisms driving axon fragmentation, but less is known about the upstream signaling pathways that initiate this process. Here, we investigate the behavior of the actin-spectrin-based Membrane-associated Periodic Skeleton (MPS), and effects of actin and spectrin manipulations in sensory axon degeneration. We show that trophic deprivation (TD) of mouse sensory neurons causes a rapid disassembly of the axonal MPS, which occurs prior to protein loss and independently of caspase activation. Actin destabilization initiates TD-related retrograde signaling needed for degeneration; actin stabilization prevents MPS disassembly and retrograde signaling during TD. Depletion of βII-spectrin, a key component of the MPS, suppresses retrograde signaling and protects axons against degeneration. These data demonstrate structural plasticity of the MPS and suggest its potential role in early steps of axon degeneration.
ERISNet: deep neural network for Sargassum detection along the coastline of the Mexican Caribbean
Authors: Arellano-Verdejo Javier , Lazcano-Hernandez Hugo E. , Cabanillas-Terán Nancy
Published: May 2019

Recently, Caribbean coasts have experienced atypical massive arrivals of pelagic Sargassum with negative consequences both ecologically and economically. Based on deep learning techniques, this study proposes a novel algorithm for floating and accumulated pelagic Sargassum detection along the coastline of Quintana Roo, Mexico. Using convolutional and recurrent neural networks architectures, a deep neural network (named ERISNet) was designed specifically to detect these macroalgae along the coastline through remote sensing support. A new dataset which includes pixel values with and without Sargassum was built to train and test ERISNet. Aqua-MODIS imagery was used to build the dataset. After the learning process, the designed algorithm achieves a 90% of probability in its classification skills. ERISNet provides a novel insight to detect accurately algal blooms arrivals.
Distribution and colocalization of melatonin 1a-receptor and NADPH-d in the trigeminal system of rat
Authors: He Yifan , Fan Wenguo , Xu Yue , Liu Yong liang , He Hongwen , Huang Fang
Published: May 2019

Melatonin and nitric oxide (NO) are involved in orofacial signal processing in the trigeminal sensory system. The aim of the present study was to examine the distribution of melatonin 1a-receptor (MT1) and its colocalization with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) in the spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN), the trigeminal ganglion (TG), and the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN) in the rat, using histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Our results show that MT1-positive neurons are widely distributed in the TG and the subnucleus caudalis of the STN. Furthermore, we found that MT1 colocalizes with NADPH-d throughout the TG and MTN, most extensively in the TG. The distribution pattern of MT1 and its colocalization with NADPH-d indicate that melatonin might play an important role in the trigeminal sensory system, which could be responsible for the regulation of NO levels.
International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) Adoption and Foreign Direct Investments (FDI): A Comparative Analysis of Nigeria and Ghana
Authors: Ajibade A. T. , Okere W. , Isiaka M. A. , Mabinuori O.
Published: May 2019

This study examined the relationship between IFRS adoption and FDI in Nigeria and Ghana. Using ordinary least square as well as other diagnostic test, findings show a negative but insignificant relationship between IFRS adoption and FDI in Nigeria. Also, it was discovered that IFRS adoption has a positive and significant relationship in Ghana. Findings also show that IFRS adoption alone would not lead to FDI inflows and FDI is affected by other factors such as exchange rate, inflation and political instability. The study recommends that Effective execution of IFRS requires strategic planning and IFRS ought to be linked to an objective for it to have a beneficial outcome.
Effect of Balloon Catheter Angioplasty Alone for Recurrent Bilateral Renal Artery Restenosis and Quick Deterioration for Hemodialysis: An Alternative for in-Stent Restenosis
Authors: Lopes Mariana Pezzute , Fonseca Cafezeiro Caio Rebouças , Calderaro Daniela , Kajita Luiz Junya , Bortolotto Luiz Aparecido , Muela Henrique C. Simbo , Macedo Thiago Andrade
Published: May 2019

Aim: Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis is one of the main causes of secondary hypertension and results in a progressive loss of renal function. This case reports recurrent hypertensive pulmonary edema and worsening renal function successfully treated with multiple percutaneous renal interventions.

Presentation of the Case: A 62-year-old female patient was admitted for carotid endarterectomy. She had uncontrolled blood pressure and worsened renal function. Bilateral renal artery stenosis was diagnosed and endovascular procedure plus stent was performed in both renal arteries. She was discharged with an improvement in renal function and blood pressure. Three months later, she presented a sudden onset of pulmonary hypertensive edema. Renal arteriography confirmed bilateral in-stent restenosis and a new bilateral angioplasty plus stent was fulfilled. Six months later, new worsening of dyspnea, severe renal dysfunction, and new hospitalization were indicated renal replacement therapy. Renal arteriography showed again bilateral renal artery in-stent restenosis and bilateral balloon catheter angioplasty with no stent was performed. She was discharged, with no need for hemodialysis, improved blood pressure and proposal for further discussion about surgical revascularization.

Discussion: When severe reduction of glomerular filtration rate occurs in hypertensive patients with high risk for atherosclerotic disease, it seems prudent to examine renal arteries. Once a diagnosis is made, if blood pressure control cannot be achieved, mainly associated with progressive renal dysfunction, it is recommended restoration of renovascular supply.

Conclusion: Percutaneous renal intervention with no-stenting in bilateral in-stent restenosis and recent onset of hemodialysis may contribute to reversion of renal dysfunction even in patients undergoing to previous interventions.
Simulating the Impact of Climate Change on Growth and Yield of Maize Using CERES-Maize Model under Temperate Kashmir
Authors: Lone Bilal Ahmad , Tripathi Shivam , Fayaz Asma , Singh Purshotam , Qayoom Sameera , Kumar Sandeep , Dar Zahoor Ahmad
Published: May 2019

Climate variability has been and continues to be, the principal source of fluctuations in global food production in countries of the developing world and is of serious concern. Process-based models use simplified functions to express the interactions between crop growth and the major environmental factors that affect crops (i.e., climate, soils and management), and many have been used in climate impact assessments. Average of 10 years weather data from 1985 to 2010, maximum temperature shows an increasing trend ranges from 18.5 to 20.5°C.This means there is an increase of 2°C within a span of 25 years. Decreasing trend was observed with respect to precipitation was observed with the same data. The magnitude of decrease was from 925 mm to 650 mm of rainfall which is almost decrease of 275 mm of rainfall in 25 years. Future climate for 2011-2090 from A1B scenario extracted from PRECIS run shows that overall maximum and minimum temperature increase by 5.39°C (±1.76) and 5.08°C (±1.37) also precipitation will decrease by 3094.72 mm to 2578.53 (±422.12) The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of climate variability and change on maize growth and yield of Srinagar Kashmir. Two enhanced levels of temperature (maximum and minimum by 2 and 4°C) and CO2 enhanced by 100 ppm & 200 ppm were used in this study with total combinations of 9 with one normal condition.  Elevation of maximum and minimum temperature by 4°C anthesis  and maturity of maize was earlier 14 days with a deviation of 18%  and  26 days with a deviation  of 20% respectively. Increase in temperature by 2 to 4°C alone or in combination with enhanced levels of CO2 by 100 and 200 ppm the growth and yield of maize was drastically declined with an reduction of about 40% in grain yield. Alone enhancement of CO2  at both the levels fails show any significant impact on maize yield.
Impact of Different Doses of Fertiliser and Crop Geometry on Growth, Seed and Oil Quality, Consumptive Water Use, Water Use Efficiency and Soil Moisture Extraction in Late Sown Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Crop
Authors: Rathi Naveen , Singh Bikram , Hooda V. S. , . Harender , Mohsin Mohammed
Published: May 2019

A field experiment was conducted at regional research station, Bawal, CCS HAU, Hisar during Rabi 2015-16 to study the response of late sown Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) to different dose of fertilizer and crop geometry. The experiment was conducted in split-plot design with four fertilizer dose viz. 70% of the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), 85% RDF, 100% RDF, 115% RDF in main plot and six crop geometry, viz. 30 cm x 10 cm, 25 cm x 15 cm, 30 cm x 15 cm, 25 cm x 20 cm, 30 cm x 20 cm and 25 cm x 25 cm in sub plots. The results revealed that numbers of primary and secondary branches per plant were significantly higher 115% RDF than 70% RDF, but it was at par with 85% and 100% RDF at all stages of crop growth. Wider crop geometry of 25 cm x 25 cm recorded significantly higher number of primary and secondary branches than narrow crop geometry (30 cm x 10 cm) at all growth stages of crop. Highest oil content was obtained in crop geometry of 30 cm x 10 cm along with application of 70% RDF, whereas, highest protein content was recorded in crop geometry of 25 cm x 25 cm along with application of 115% RDF. Late sown Indian mustard at crop geometry of 25 cm x 15 cm along with application of 85% RDF recorded highest water use efficiency however, highest consumptive use of water was recorded in 25 cm x 25 cm crop geometry along with application of 115% RDF.