bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing cathode composites with conductive alignment synergy for solid-state batteries
Authors: Cao Zhang , Yao Xinxin , Park Soyeon , Deng Kaiyue , Zhang Chunyan , Chen Lei , Fu Kelvin
Published: January 2025

Enhancing transport and chemomechanical properties in cathode composites is crucial for the performance of solid-state batteries. Our study introduces the filler-aligned structured thick (FAST) electrode, which notably improves mechanical strength and ionic/electronic conductivity in solid composite cathodes. The FAST electrode incorporates vertically aligned nanoconducting carbon nanotubes within an ion-conducting polymer electrolyte, creating a low-tortuosity electron/ion transport path while strengthening the electrode’s structure. This design not only mitigates recrystallization of the polymer electrolyte but also establishes a densified local electric field distribution and accelerates the migration of lithium ions. The FAST electrode showcases outstanding electrochemical performance with lithium iron phosphate as the active material, achieving a high capacity of 148.2 milliampere hours per gram at 0.2 C over 100 cycles with substantial material loading (49.3 milligrams per square centimeter). This innovative electrode design marks a remarkable stride in addressing the challenges of solid-state lithium metal batteries.
Theory of giant magnetoelastic effect in soft systems
Authors: Zhou Yihao , Chen Guorui , Zhao Xun , Tat Trinny , Duan Zhaoqi , Chen Jun
Published: January 2025

Having been predominantly observed in rigid metal and metal alloys since 1865, the magnetoelastic effect was recently experimentally discovered in a soft matter system and used as a new working mechanism for energy and health care applications. Here, a theoretical framework is presented and proven to be universally accurate and robust in interpreting the giant magnetoelastic effect across soft systems subjected to various deformation modes, micromagnet concentrations, magnetization profiles, and geometric structures. The theory uncovers substantial, unique magnetoelastic phenomena in soft systems, including the magnetic pole reversal under localized compression. This work lays a firm foundation for an in-depth understanding and practical applications of the giant magnetoelastic effect in soft matter systems.
Perovskite retinomorphic image sensor for embodied intelligent vision
Authors: He Zhilong , Duan Hongxiao , Zeng Jianmin , Zhou Jie , Zhong Xiaolong , Wu Zhixin , Ni Shenzhou , Jiang Ze , Xie Guangjun , Lee Jung-Yong , Lu Yi , Zeng Yonghong , Zhang Biao , Ying Wu Bin , Yang Zhibin , Zhang Zhang , Liu Gang
Published: January 2025

Retinomorphic systems that can see, recognize, and respond to real-time environmental information will extend the complexity and range of tasks that an exoskeleton robot can perform to better assist physically disabled people. However, the lack of ultrasensitive, reconfigurable, and large-scale integratable retinomorphic devices and advanced edge-processing algorithms makes it difficult to realize retinomorphic hardware. Here, we report the retinomorphic hardware prototype with a 4096-pixel perovskite image sensor array as core module to endow embodied intelligent vision functionalities. The retinomorphic sensor array, using a one photodetector–one transistor geometry to resemble retinal circuit with broadband, ultrahigh, and reconfigurable photoresponsivities, executes both adaptive imaging with a contrast enhancement of ~620% under a dim-lit intensity of 10 microwatts per square centimeter and an instantaneous one-dimensional feature extraction algorithm to decompose the origin visual scenarios into parsimoniously encoded spatiotemporal information. This retinomorphic system endows embodied intelligence with adaptive imaging, in situ processing, and decision-making capabilities and promises enormous potential for autonomous robot applications.
Transcriptional regulation of adipocyte lipolysis by IRF2BP2
Authors: Chen Yang , Liu Lin , Calhoun Ryan , Cheng Lan , Merrick David , Steger David J. , Seale Patrick
Published: January 2025

Adipocyte lipolysis controls systemic energy levels and metabolic homeostasis. Lipolysis is regulated by posttranslational modifications of key lipolytic enzymes. However, less is known about the transcriptional mechanisms that regulate lipolysis. Here, we identify interferon regulatory factor–2 binding protein 2 (IRF2BP2) as a transcriptional repressor of adipocyte lipolysis. Deletion of
IRF2BP2
in human adipocytes increases lipolysis without affecting glucose uptake, whereas IRF2BP2 overexpression decreases lipolysis. RNA sequencing, and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analyses show that IRF2BP2 represses lipolysis-related genes, including
LIPE
, which encodes hormone sensitive lipase, the rate-limiting enzyme in lipolysis. Adipocyte-selective deletion of
Irf2bp2
in mice increases
Lipe
expression and free fatty acid levels, resulting in adipose tissue inflammation and glucose intolerance. Together, these findings demonstrate that IRF2BP2 restrains adipocyte lipolysis and opens avenues to target lipolysis for the treatment of metabolic disease.
NEK7 phosphorylation amplifies NLRP3 inflammasome activation downstream of potassium efflux and gasdermin D
Authors: Xu Jie , Zhang Lingzhi , Duan Yanhui , Sun Fangyuan , Odeh Nouha , He Yuan , Núñez Gabriel
Published: January 2025

The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a critical role in innate immunity and inflammatory diseases. NIMA-related kinase 7 (NEK7) is essential for inflammasome activation, and its interaction with NLRP3 is enhanced by K
+
efflux. However, the mechanism by which K
+
efflux promotes this interaction remains unknown. Here, we show that NEK7 is rapidly phosphorylated at threonine-190/191 by JNK1 downstream of K
+
efflux and gasdermin D (GSDMD) after NLRP3 activation. NEK7 phosphorylation enhances the binding between NEK7 and NLRP3, which further promotes inflammasome assembly and activation. Mutant mice and macrophages in which Thr
190
and Thr
191
of Nek7 were replaced by valine exhibited impaired NEK7 phosphorylation, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and IL-1β secretion. Thus, NEK7 phosphorylation is an important event that acts downstream of K
+
efflux and GSDMD to further enhance NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Functional differences between rodent and human PD-1 linked to evolutionary divergence
Authors: Masubuchi Takeya , Chen Lin , Marcel Nimi , Wen George A. , Caron Christine , Zhang Jibin , Zhao Yunlong , Morris Gerald P. , Chen Xu , Hedrick Stephen M. , Lu Li-Fan , Wu Chuan , Zou Zhengting , Bui Jack D. , Hui Enfu
Published: January 2025

Mechanistic understanding of the inhibitory immunoreceptor PD-1 is largely based on mouse models, but human and mouse PD-1 share only 59.6% amino acid identity. Here, we found that human PD-1 is more inhibitory than mouse PD-1, owing to stronger interactions with the ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 and more efficient recruitment of the effector phosphatase Shp2. In a mouse melanoma model with adoptively transferred T cells, humanization of a PD-1 intracellular domain disrupted the antitumor activity of CD8
+
T cells and increased the magnitude of anti–PD-1 response. We identified a motif highly conserved across vertebrate PD-1 orthologs, absent in rodents, as a key determinant for differential Shp2 recruitment. Evolutionary analysis suggested that PD-1 underwent a rodent lineage–specific functional attenuation during evolution. Together, our study uncovers species-specific features of the PD-1 pathway, with implications for PD-1 evolution and differential anti–PD-(L)1 responses in mouse models and human patients.
Molecular scalpels dissect new GluN1 hot spots in anti–NMDA receptor encephalitis
Authors: Spatola Marianna , Dalmau Josep
Published: January 2025

Patient-derived NMDAR mAbs combined with single-particle cryo-electron microscopy reveal multiple GluN1 epitopes and distinct functional effects.
Unintentional exposure to leuprolide acetate during early pregnancy with a huge intramural myoma
Authors: Nuchpramool Prachawanee , Thanapongpibul Chatsaran , Siriprapaphan Ratchapol , Kulthamrongsri Narathorn
Published: January 2025

Leuprolide acetate is commonly used to reduce the size of myomas before surgery. Initially, it stimulates pituitary gonadotropin secretion, followed by sustained suppression of gonadal function. However, the impact on pregnancy outcomes from inadvertent exposure remains unclear. This case involves a woman in her 30s, multiparous, with a 20-week-sized leiomyoma, who received two doses of 3.75 mg subcutaneous leuprolide acetate, 15 days after menstruation, 4 weeks apart. An ultrasound, conducted 2 weeks after the last dose, accidentally revealed a viable intrauterine pregnancy at 8+6 weeks gestation. Her pregnancy progressed without complications, culminating in a term caesarean delivery without fetal anomalies. She opted for a total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy 6 months later. Despite unclear teratogenic effects, evidence suggests that leuprolide acetate does not significantly impact pregnancy outcomes.
Preretinal abnormal tissue before and after pars plana vitrectomy in macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a multimodal imaging study
Authors: Quarta Alberto , Toto Lisa , Ruggeri Maria Ludovica , Porreca Annamaria , Aharrh-Gnama Agbeanda , Zeppa Lucio , Motta Lorenzo , Gironi Matteo , Di Nicola Marta , Mastropasqua Rodolfo
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To quantitatively explore preretinal abnormal tissue (PAT) in macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) before and after surgery.

Methods

In this case-series study, PAT was detected by en-face optical coherence tomography images with custom slabs in eyes that underwent pars plana vitrectomy and SF6 for macula-on RRD.

Main outcome measures were PAT area at baseline, 3-month and 6-month follow-up, and its relative change. Associations between PAT and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) at superficial capillary plexus (SCP), RRD area, retinal tear (RT) area and endolaser area were investigated.

Results

36 macula-on eyes RRD were included in the analysis. Significant PAT growth was registered from baseline until 6 months (p<0.001). Baseline PAT area correlated with RT area (r=0.54, p=0.001). Significant correlation between relative change in PAT and relative change in FAZ SCP was found. The multivariable regression model showed a statistically significant association between Endolaser area (cm2) and relative changes in PAT (p=0.004).

Conclusions

Our study found that despite good retinal reattachment, PAT proliferates over months with vascular changes. Endolaser area has a major influence on PAT growth, without impact on best-corrected visual acuity. Additional knowledge about pathophysiological mechanisms of growth could help understanding which surgical approach may limit PAT extension and future secondary epiretinal membrane.
Prehospital video triage of suspected stroke patients in Greater Manchester: pilot project report
Authors: Alghamdi Ibrahim , Brunton Lisa , Ashton Christopher , Jenkins David A , Parry-Jones Adrian R
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, demanding prompt and accurate identification. However, prehospital diagnosis is challenging, with up to 50% of suspected strokes having other diagnoses. A prehospital video triage (PHVT) system was piloted in Greater Manchester to improve prehospital diagnostic accuracy and appropriate conveyance decisions.

Method

A service evaluation of a PHVT pilot was conducted to assess PHVT efficacy and identify facilitators and barriers. The pilot (October–December 2022) was a collaboration between the North West Ambulance Service, Greater Manchester Neurorehabilitation and Integrated Stroke Delivery Network and stroke clinicians at Salford Royal Hospital. The service evaluation was mixed methods, including qualitative semistructured interviews with stroke clinicians, paramedics and patients (and/or caregivers). Interviews were analysed using a thematic approach.

Results

Out of 46 PHVT calls during the pilot, eight (18%) were diverted to local emergency department, 1 (2%) was left at their usual residence and 37 (80%) were transported to Salford Royal Hospital. Final diagnosis for PHVT patients was stroke in 15 (33%) of cases, non-stroke in 20 (43%) and transient ischaemic attack in 11 (24%).

Patients/caregivers found PHVT beneficial in directing them to appropriate hospitals and streamlining admission and treatment. However, some reported delays as a result. Clinicians expressed mixed opinions regarding PHVT’s utility. Paramedics found PHVT improved confidence in managing stroke patients. Hospital clinicians believed it provided valuable prearrival patient information, enhancing preparation. Others found PHVT less effective due to on-scene delays, challenges conducting comprehensive assessments over video and inability to identify all non-stroke cases.

Conclusion

PHVT was viewed favourably by most patients for enhancing the care quality. Paramedics and hospital clinicians acknowledge PHVT’s support in making appropriate conveyance decisions and improving the preparation process before the patient’s arrival. Participants, however, suggested prearrival registration, 24-hour availability and clinicians' buy-in for a more effective future rollout.
The Artisse intrasaccular device for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms: initial experience from three Austrian neurovascular centers
Authors: Hecker Constantin , Janu Andrea , Pfaff Johannes Alex Rolf , Pikija Slaven , Sonnberger Michael , Pangratz-Daller Cornelia , Kral Michael , Lunzer Manuel , Griessenauer Christoph J , Killer-Oberpfalzer Monika
Published: January 2025

Background and purpose

This study evaluates the early clinical performance of the new Artisse Intrasaccular Device (Artisse ISD), a self-expandable intrasaccular flow diverter, for treating wide-necked aneurysms (WNAs). We report initial safety and efficacy outcomes in the first cohort of patients treated with this novel device.

Methods

Prospective clinical and radiological data were collected for all patients treated with the Artisse ISD at three Austrian neurovascular centers from July 2023 to August 2024. Aneurysm occlusion was assessed using the Raymond-Roy Classification (RR), the O-Kelly-Marotta (OKM) scale, and the Bicêtre Occlusion Scale Score (BOSS).

Results

In our study 23 patients (60.9% female, median age 62 years) with 23 saccular aneurysms were treated with the Artisse ISD. Nineteen aneurysms (82.6%) were unruptured and located in the anterior circulation. Initial post-procedure angiography revealed incomplete occlusion in all aneurysms, with significant contrast stasis observed (OKM A2/A3). In 16 patients with a minimum of 3 month follow-up, 81.3% of aneurysms demonstrated complete occlusion (RR1), while 6.3% showed neck remnants (RR2), adding up to an adequate occlusion rate of 87.6%. Two asymptomatic thromboembolic events (8.7%) occurred (small diffusion-weighted restrictions on routine postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)), with no hemorrhagic complications. No device migration or shape modification was observed during follow-up.

Conclusion

Early clinical experience with the Artisse ISD demonstrates promising safety and efficacy in the treatment of WNAs, with high rates of complete occlusion at 3 month follow-up.
Buprenorphine versus full agonist opioids for acute postoperative pain management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Hickey Thomas R , Costa Gabriel P A , Oliveira Debora , Podosek Alexandra , Abelleira Audrey , Avila-Quintero Victor Javier , De Aquino Joao P
Published: January 2025

Background/Importance

Opioids continue to play a key role in managing acute postoperative pain, but their use contributes to adverse outcomes. Buprenorphine may offer effective analgesia with a superior safety profile.

Objective

To compare the efficacy and safety of buprenorphine with other opioids for acute postoperative pain management in adults.

Evidence review

MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science were searched from inception to February 2024. Randomized controlled trials comparing buprenorphine with other opioids for acute postoperative pain management in adults were included. Of 2421 records identified, 58 studies met inclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed using Stata/BE V.18. The primary outcome was pain intensity. Secondary outcomes included rescue analgesia use, duration of analgesia, and adverse effects.

Findings

Analysis of 41 comparisons (2587 participants) showed buprenorphine significantly reduced pain intensity compared with all other opioids (Hedges’s g=−0.36, 95% CI=−0.59 to −0.14, p<0.001, 95% prediction interval (PI)=−1.70 to 0.97). This effect persisted when compared with full agonist opioid (FAO) alone (standardized mean difference −0.34, 95% CI=−0.59 to −0.10, p<0.001, 95% PI=-1.76 to 1.07). Patients receiving buprenorphine were less likely to require rescue analgesia (OR=0.40, 95% CI=0.26 to 0.63, p<0.001, 95% PI=0.12 to 1.36). Mean duration of analgesia was 8.5 hours (SD 1.84). There were no significant differences in other adverse effects including nausea and respiratory depression. Inconsistency was significant for pain intensity (I2=86.28%, 95% CI=81.55% to 88.99%) and moderate for rescue analgesia (I2=38.93%, 95% CI=1.44% to 64.37%). Risk of bias was low in 19 studies, with some concerns in 37 studies, and high in two studies.

Conclusions

Buprenorphine demonstrated superior efficacy in managing acute postoperative pain compared with FAOs, with a favorable safety profile and longer duration of action. These findings support the use of buprenorphine as a first-line opioid analgesic for acute postoperative pain management requiring opioid analgesia, potentially reducing opioid-related harm in the postoperative period.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023447715.
A New Nonmonotone Trust Region Algorithm Based on Simulated Annealing and Barzilai–Borwein Methods for Unconstrained Optimization
Authors: Mirzaei Seyed Hamzeh , Ashrafi Ali
Published: January 2025

In this paper, a new nonmonotone trust region algorithm based on a novel combination of a nonmonotone strategy, a modified Metropolis criterion, and the Barzilai–Borwein step size is proposed. The proposed algorithm uses the reciprocal of Barzilai–Borwein step size to approximate the Hessian matrix of the objective function in the trust region subproblems and accepts some bad solutions according to the modified Metropolis criterion based on the simulated annealing idea. Under some mild assumptions, the global convergence of the algorithm is established. Some preliminary numerical results indicate that the new algorithm performs well with high efficiency.
Multi-Axis Dynamic Stiffness Analysis of Rubber Isolator Based on Analytical Method
Authors: Zhang Ben , Zhao Yinglong , You Jingyue
Published: January 2025

An analytical method for calculating the dynamic stiffness of rubber isolator with multi-rigid-flexible bodies and various coupling deformation modes is proposed. The three-dimensional transfer matrices are reduced to two-dimensional representation for calculations, based on the excitation direction of the isolator and the deformation modes of the rubber components, which reduces computational costs. The metal and rubber components in the isolator are treated as rigid and flexible bodies, respectively, and the transfer matrices of each component are derived in conjunction with continuous system theory. The deformation of the rubber components involves shear, bending, longitudinal, and torsional motions. The frequency-dependent complex elastic modulus of the rubber material is obtained from dynamic shear tests and fitted to a five-parameter fractional derivative model. The extended transfer matrix method is employed to solve for the frequency-dependent nonlinear dynamic stiffness of the isolator in three translational directions. Finally, the proposed method is validated through a combination of finite element analysis and dynamic stiffness testing, and the influences of material and geometric parameters are analyzed.
Process Route Optimization Based on FAHP and Adaptive Improved Ant Colony Algorithm
Authors: Wang Bin , Wu Yuan-Bo , Wang Min-Jie
Published: January 2025

Process route planning directly influences carbon emissions, completion time, and the processing cost of mechanical products, and is crucial for achieving low-carbon, high-efficiency, and cost-effective machining production. To address this, an optimization method based on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and an adaptively improved ant colony algorithm is proposed. First, the manufacturing characteristics of the parts are analyzed, the work step element to represent them is introduced, and a carbon emission model for low-carbon manufacturing from the perspectives of material and energy flows is established. Additionally, an optimization model is constructed, targeting carbon emissions, completion time, and machining cost at the process level. To effectively address the fuzzy weight distribution among the optimization objectives, FAHP is employed to determine the weight of each factor and to define a comprehensive objective function. To enhance the solving efficiency of the optimization algorithm, an adaptively improved ant colony algorithm with multi-strategy fusion is utilized. Finally, the machining data of a part are employed as a test case to verify the feasibility and practicality of the proposed method. A comparison with the actual data indicates that, when low carbon, high efficiency, and low cost were treated as multi-objective optimization criteria, the carbon emissions were 1425.06 g, the processing time was 545.5 s, and the processing cost was CNY5.84. In comparison with the results from the other three experiments, the carbon emission, processing time, and processing cost exhibit the best overall performance, aligning with the low-carbon, low-cost, and sustainable production requirements.
Energy Saving Optimization Strategy for Machining Process Parameters Based on Adaptive Particle Swarm
Authors: Zhong Si , Li Zhen , Li Qingning , Qin Hongbo
Published: January 2025

Energy Consumption (EC) in the process of mechanical manufacturing directly leads to environmental pollution and resource waste. However, the EC characteristics of machine tool processing are complex, and most energy-saving optimization models require accurate material performance data and cutting force models. In response to the above issues, the study first analyzes the structural composition of the machining system, clarifies the main variable parameters for optimization, and then establishes a mathematical model with the determined optimization variables to describe the EC characteristics. Finally, the established optimization model is solved using the adaptive particle swarm algorithm to find the optimal combination of process parameters and achieve energy-saving optimization. The improved adaptive particle swarm intelligence algorithm tends to converge after more than 50 iterations. When taking low cost and low EC as the optimization goal, the cutting EC of the optimization solution is 3.49 × 105 J, the processing time is 42.68 s, and the processing cost is 46.71 points, and the processing cost and EC are between the single optimization goal of low cost and low EC. It is indicated that the proposed method provides a reasonable energy-saving optimization strategy for machining process parameters, and provides support for the implementation of energy-saving optimization of machining center process parameters.
Subtasks Scheduling of Tasks with Complex Structures in Cloud Manufacturing Systems by Focusing on Logistics Aspects
Authors: Salmasnia Ali , Pashaeenejad Melika , Kiapasha Zohre
Published: January 2025

The manufacturing industry has evolved with the emergence of cloud computing, leading to the development of cloud manufacturing — a customer-oriented paradigm. The integration of scheduling and logistics in cloud manufacturing is paramount and distinguishes it from traditional manufacturing. Tasks can have three different structures, so this study presents three models that integrate scheduling and logistics for tasks with sequential, parallel, and loop structures, respectively. These models aim to minimize the total cost of the manufacturing system, which includes the implementation cost of subtasks, logistical services cost among factories in different geographical locations, logistical services cost for delivery of the order (task) to the customers, and the earliness/tardiness cost of orders. The numerical examples in small and medium sizes are solved using the CPLEX solver in the GAMS software. However, due to the high complexity of the models presented, a genetic algorithm is developed to solve large examples. To showcase the significance of the main features of the proposed models, two comparable models are employed, each with one feature removed. In addition to the factors that are considered to get the models close to reality, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to design effective guidelines for cloud manufacturing managers.
Pancharatnam phase control of atomic ensembles based on quantum memory effects in photonic cavities
Authors: Barakat Elsayed , El-Kalla I. L. , Abdel-Aty M.
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we explore the manipulation and control of the Pancharatnam phase in atomic ensembles through the utilization of quantum memory effects. By analyzing the time evolution of the excited state population of [Formula: see text]-atoms within a single photonic cavity, we gain insights into the behavior and manipulation of this phase. Numerical simulations of the system exact solution yield density plots illustrating the time evolution of the excited state population and Pancharatnam phase. Our findings demonstrate the potential to control the system dynamics using the Pancharatnam phase in atomic ensembles through quantum memory effects. The observed behaviors and characteristics contribute to our understanding of quantum systems and hold promise for crucial applications in quantum information processing and communication. These results provide valuable insights into the fundamental aspects of the Pancharatnam phase and its control, paving the way for further investigations and applications in quantum optics and information science.
Logical Connectives of Fuzzy Soft Set Theory
Authors: Acharjee Santanu , Medhi Sidhartha
Published: January 2025

Soft set theory, introduced by Molodtsov [D. Molodtsov, Soft set theory–First results, Computers & Mathematics with Applications 37(4–5) (1999) 19–31], provides a flexible framework for managing uncertainty and vagueness, addressing limitations in traditional approaches such as fuzzy set theory, rough set theory, and probability theory. Over time, fuzzy soft set theory has emerged as a significant extension, blending the principles of fuzzy set theory and soft set theory to support applications in various decision-making processes. This study revisits fuzzy soft set theory, addressing conceptual errors and inaccuracies in the definitions of t-norm, t-conorm, strong negation, and implication that deviated from Molodtsov’s foundational principles. Corrected definitions, viz., fuzzy soft t-norm, fuzzy soft t-conorm, fuzzy soft negation, and fuzzy soft implication are proposed to ensure theoretical rigor. The paper rectifies conceptual errors in prior work by Ali and Shabir [M. I. Ali and M. Shabir, Logic connectives for soft sets and fuzzy soft sets, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems 22(6) (2013) 1431–1442] and introduces refined results to strengthen the logical framework, providing a consistent foundation for future research and hybrid model development in this domain.
Microstructure, complex electromechanical parameters and dispersion characteristics of ferroelectrically “hard” piezoceramics
Authors: Rybyanets A. N. , Shvetsov I. A. , Shvetsova N. A. , Marakhovsky M. A. , Kolpacheva N. A.
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we present the experimental results of the comprehensive study of the microstructural features and complex dielectric, elastic and electromechanical properties of the ferroelectrically “hard” piezoceramics based on the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) composition. For the measurements and analysis of the real and imaginary parts of the complex parameters of the studied piezoceramics as well as their frequency dependences, we used precision impedance analyzer Agilent 4294A and Piezoelectric Resonance Analysis Program (PRAP) software. We have found that the studied piezoceramics demonstrate a unique combination of dielectric, elastic and electromechanical parameters along with very low elastic and electromechanical losses and dispersion over a wide frequency range and can be used in various high-power ultrasonic applications.
China’s Educational Diplomacy: Examining Soft Power Strategies in Pakistan
Authors: Butt Khawaja Muhammad Ali , Mir Faisal Nawaz , Munir Muhammad
Published: January 2025

This study investigates Beijing’s use of educational initiatives as a tool for soft power in Pakistan. It explores how these initiatives influence various stakeholders within Pakistan. The research employs a descriptive analysis approach. It examines the mechanisms China utilizes through its educational system to build relationships with Pakistan, promote Chinese culture, and shape Pakistani perceptions of China. Beijing leverages its educational system through four key mechanisms to exert soft power in Pakistan. Confucius Institutes offer Chinese language courses and cultural events, fostering direct engagement with Chinese culture. University partnerships facilitate knowledge exchange and joint research collaboration between Chinese and Pakistani universities. Scholarship programs attract Pakistani students to study in China, providing them with language skills, cultural understanding, and potential career opportunities. Finally, the internationalization of Chinese universities, offering English-taught programs, makes them more accessible to Pakistani students. The impact of these initiatives varies across stakeholder groups. Students and academics directly benefit by gaining language skills, cultural understanding, and potential career opportunities. However, concerns exist about ideological influence, academic freedom, and brain drain. Broader Pakistani society experiences indirect exposure through media, interactions with graduates, and changing perceptions of China.
Comparative Analysis of U.S. and Chinese Strategic Cultures
Authors: Gasparyan Asya
Published: January 2025

Understanding the strategic mindset of the United States and China is essential, as their military behavior has significant global implications. The study employs a cultural approach to examine how historical, geographical, and ideological factors shape their strategic-military decisions. By addressing the central research question: how do the strategic cultures of the United States and China influence their preferences for using military force? This paper seeks to reveal the main differences in American and Chinese approaches to the use of military force. The time frame of analysis is limited to the 21st century, a period marked by China’s undeniable rise as a global power and the renewed significance of cultural theorizing in international relations scholarship. The findings underscore that the ideological underpinnings and operational behavior of both superpowers are pivotal in shaping their security perceptions and influencing patterns of military force application. By examining these elements, this study aims to enhance our understanding of how the distinct strategic mindsets of these superpowers impact their interactions on the global stage and inform their responses to various security challenges.
Quantitative 3-T Multiparametric MRI Parameters as Predictors of Aggressive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kim Daniel Hyeong Seok , Sonni Ida , Grogan Tristan , Sisk Anthony , Murthy Vishnu , Hsu William , Sung KyungHyun , Lu David S. , Reiter Robert E. , Raman Steven S.
Published: January 2025

Quantitative 3-T multiparametric MRI parameters correlated with and helped predict the presence of aggressive large cribriform pattern and intraductal carcinoma prostate cancer at whole-mount histopathology.
Alkaline Water Electrolysis Beyond 3 A/cm2 Using Catalyst Coated Diaphragms
Authors: Demnitz Maximilian , van der Schaaf John , de Groot Matheus Theodorus
Published: January 2025

Alkaline water electrolysis using catalyst coated diaphragms (Zirfon UTP 500 and UTP 220) was conducted at current densities from 2 up to 3500 mA cm−2 at varying temperatures (20–75 °C) in 30 wt% KOH. The coatings were conducted using two different approaches, which were compared with each other: spray coating and stencil coating. Using platinum group free catalysts, which are either available commercially or easy to synthesize (Raney Ni; FeNi LDH), we reached 3.5 A cm−2 at less than 2.3 or 2.5 V, for Zirfon UTP 220 and 500, respectively. The improvements compared to conventional Ni felt were linked to a reduction in the kinetic overpotential due to better catalytic properties and an increase in active surface area. The internal resistance corrected potential at 1 A cm−2 was as low as 1.75 V (at 75 °C), showing that high current operation for industrial alkaline water electrolysers is possible, when ohmic resistances are adequately addressed. The catalyst coated diaphragms were stable under room temperature for at least 60 h, however, showed degradation at 75 °C over the course of up to 240 h. The catalyst layers degraded by fracturing followed by delamination to the porous transport layer, where they showed elongated stability.
Investigation of a U(IV)/U(III) Thermodynamic Reference Electrode for High-Temperature Molten Fluoride Salts
Authors: Gunnell Ethan , Blackwood Brittney L. , Wilson Caden , Harb John N. , Memmott Matthew J.
Published: January 2025

While thermodynamic reference electrodes with known and stable potentials are common in traditional aqueous systems, the high temperature and corrosive environment of a molten fluoride salt makes achieving long term stability with a thermodynamic reference electrode challenging, especially at temperatures of 600°C or higher. In this work, a thermodynamic reference electrode consisting of U(IV)/U(III) in a boron nitride compartment was evaluated for use in FLiBe at temperatures ≥ 600°C. FLiBe used in the study was purified by AlphaTech’s proprietary process and characterized by ICP-MS and square wave voltammetry. The free oxide concentration was <2 ppm. Using the purified FLiBe, the U(IV)/U(III) thermodynamic reference electrode was shown to provide a stable, well-defined, and reproducible potential for more than 600+ hours of use in different tests. Moreover, the thermodynamic reference electrode showed a consistent potential with no signs of failure, even after being cooled between tests and then reheated for reuse. Thus, the U(IV)/U(III) reference electrode is suitable for use in rigorous electrochemical studies in molten fluoride salts. It may be useful as a common standard, facilitating the advancement of nuclear applications such as isotope separation or online monitoring of reactor systems through improved certainty in the measurement of thermodynamic potentials.
Independent Association Between Frailty and Fear of Falling in Older Adults After Hip Fracture Surgery: A Cross‐Sectional Study Using a Secondary Analysis
Authors: Ko YoungJi , Park JungAh , Baek Seung-Hoon
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the independent association between the fear of falling (FOF) and frailty in Korean older adults after hip fracture surgery.

Methods: The study included 149 participants. Participants were asked to provide general characteristics and complete walking speed, grip strength, frailty, and Short Falls Efficacy Scale‐International assessments. A binary logistic regression model was used to investigate the independent association of the FOF with frailty.

Results: Among the participants, 49% were found to be prefrail and 24.8% were frail. Additionally, 86.5% reported a moderate to severe FOF. Participants with a FOF were 1.23 times more likely to be frail, and those aged 85 years and older were 13.25 times more likely to be frail.

Conclusion: This study’s findings serve as a basis for developing and applying interventions to reduce frailty in older adults after hip fracture surgery. These interventions should consider the oldest‐old (≥ 85 years) age group when they are designed.
Figure 4 from Missense Mutant p53 Transactivates Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Neighboring p53-Destabilized Cells through the COX-2/PGE2 Pathway
Authors: Nakayama Mizuho , Saito Hiroshi , Murakami Kazuhiro , Oshima Hiroko , Oshima Masanobu
Published: January 2025

Promotion of cell proliferation of p53-negative tumor cells co-cultured with p53-mutant cells. A, Representative fluorescent immunocytochemistry images for p53 (red) and TOP-Venus–positive (Wnt/β-catenin–activated) cells (green) of monocultured AKTPNull (left) and co-cultured AKTPNull with AKTPR270H (right) organoids. Insets show enlarged images. Bars, 50 μm. B, Ratios of TOP-Venus–positive (Wnt/β-catenin–activated) cells per microscopic field. Each dot indicates the result in the independent field. Data from two independent AKTPNull lines (#1 and #2) are shown. P values are provided. C, Representative images of fluorescent immunocytochemistry for EdU-labeled cells (red) of monocultured AKTPNull (left) and co-cultured AKTPNull with Venus-labeled AKTPR270H organoids (green; right). Bars, 25 μm. D, Ratios of EdU-labeled cells to total monocultured AKTPNull cells or co-cultured AKTPNull cells with AKTPR270H. Each dot indicates the results in the independent microscopic field. Data from two independent AKTPNull lines (#1 and #2) are shown. P values are indicated. E, Representative photographs of monocultured AKTPNull (left) and AKTPR270H organoids (right) and co-cultured AKTPNull and AKTPR270H organoids (center). Results from two independent AKTPNull lines (#1 and #2) are shown. Bars, 200 μm. F, Relative organoid sizes of monocultured AKTPNull and AKTPR270H cells and co-cultured AKTPNull and AKTPR270H cells. Each dot indicates the independent organoid size. Results of two independent AKTPNull lines (#1 and #2) are shown. P values are shown. ns, not significant. G, Immunoblotting results for total β-catenin in two lines of sh-β-catenin–transfected AKTPNull cells and sh-control–transfected cells. GAPDH was used as the internal control. H, Relative cell growth rate of sh-β-catenin–transfected AKTPNull cells (#1 and #2) with sh-control–transfected cells. The results of two independent AKTPR270H lines are shown (G and H). Asterisks and daggers, P < 0.05 vs. sh-control.
Figure 3 from Missense Mutant p53 Transactivates Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Neighboring p53-Destabilized Cells through the COX-2/PGE2 Pathway
Authors: Nakayama Mizuho , Saito Hiroshi , Murakami Kazuhiro , Oshima Hiroko , Oshima Masanobu
Published: January 2025

Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in p53-negative cells through the COX-2/PGE2 pathway. A, Schematic drawing of Wnt/β-catenin reporter assays (TOPFlash) of co-cultured AKTPNull-bottom cells with AKTPR270H-top cells or AKTPNull-top cells. B, Luciferase activities of Wnt reporter assays (TOPFlash) of AKTPNull-bottom cells co-cultured with AKTPNull-top cells or AKTPR270H-top cells are shown as a bar graph (mean ± SD). Each dot represents an independent experiment. The P value is provided. C, RNA-seq data for Ptgs2 in three independent AKTFPR270H/+ and AKTFPR270H/LOH organoid lines. fragments per kilobase of exon per million reads mapped, the mean fold change, and P value are provided. D, Immunoblotting results for p53 and COX-2 in three independent AKTPNull and AKTPR270H lines. GAPDH was used as the internal control. E, Representative fluorescence immunocytochemistry images for p53 (green) and COX-2 (red) of AKTPNull (left) and AKTPR270H (right) organoids. F, Representative image of fluorescence IHC for p53 (green) and COX-2 (red) of AKTPR270H liver metastatic tumor. Insets in E and F show enlarged images. Bars in E and F, 100 μm. G, Representative images of fluorescence IHC for COX-2 (red) and F4/80 (macrophages, green) or αSMA (myofibroblasts, green). Merged images are shown (right). Bars, 50 μm. H, Luciferase activities of Wnt reporter assays (TOPFlash) of AKTPNull-bottom cells in co-cultured AKTPNull-top or AKTPR270H-top cells or control AKTPNull-bottom monoculture cells in the presence or absence of COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, are shown as a bar graph (mean ± SD). Each dot represents an independent experiment. The P value is indicated. ns, not significant. I and J, Luciferase activities of Wnt/β-catenin reporter assays in AKTPNull cells treated with PGE2 (I) or AKTPNull cells co-cultured with AKTPR270H treated with EP2/EP4 inhibitors (J) are shown as bar graphs (mean ± SD). Data from two independent AKTPNull lines (#1 and #2) are shown. Each dot indicates an independent experiment. P values are provided.
Out-of-frame transcript and in-frame deletion owing to a novel splice mutation of COL2A1 (c.1266+2T>A) in an adult with Kniest dysplasia: A case report
Authors: Sawamura Kenta , Matsushita Masaki , Okamoto Takaaki , Mishima Kenichi , Sawai Hideaki , Kitoh Hiroshi , Imagama Shiro
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Kniest dysplasia is a severe form of type II collagenopathy caused by mutations in collagen II alpha 1 chain (COL2A1) gene. It can be diagnosed in early childhood based on the clinical findings of short stature, splayed epiphysis, narrowed joint spaces and platyspondyly associated with maxillofacial, ophthalmologic and otolaryngologic complications. Missense mutations and small deletions owing to exon skipping in the triple-helical region of COL2A1 have been reported in most cases of Kniest dysplasia.
Case Presentation: We describe a female patient aged 39 years with difficulty in walking, back pain, and limited movement of the lower extremities. She had experienced neck pain during adolescence; however, it gradually decreased with age. She also showed markedly short stature (-4.37 SD), cleft palate, cataract, retinal detachment, and serous otitis media. Radiographic analyses revealed epiphyseal enlargement of the longitudinal bones, kyphoscoliosis, and flat vertebrae in the thoracolumbar spine. The cervical spinal bodies were fused but not at the age of 19 years. Genetic analysis revealed a novel heterozygous mutation, c.1266+2T>A, in intron 20 of COL2A1. In-silico predictive tools indicated that this mutation was pathological. Exon trapping assay showed that this splice mutation led to both intron retention and exon skipping in the triple-helical region. These clinical findings and genetic tests confirmed the diagnosis of Kniest dysplasia.
Discussion/Conclusion: The diagnosis of Kniest dysplasia is sometimes difficult based on clinical findings in adulthood owing to progressive skeletal changes. The current novel splice mutation in COL2A1 demonstrates both out-of-frame transcript and in-frame deletion in Kniest dysplasia.
Safe Navigation of Guiding Catheters during Stenting for Common Carotid Artery Lesions: The “No-Touch” Technique
Authors: Takenobu Yohei , Nomura Noriko , Toyama Mizuha , Sugita Yoshito , Okada Akihiro , Kawauchi Takeshi , Terada Yukinori , Yang Tao , Inoue Manabu , Hashimoto Kenji
Published: January 2025

Introduction: During carotid artery stenting (CAS), safe navigation of the guiding catheter (GC) is essential for the success of procedures. However, in cases where stenosis or floating thrombi are located in the common carotid artery (CCA), especially for proximal lesions, advancing the GC without touching the lesions is often difficult. We describe a preliminary experience of the “no-touch” technique for navigating the GC to the CCA using an inner catheter with a specifically designed shape and stiffness optimized to overcome tortuous anatomy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed CAS procedures involving the “no-touch” technique for treating stenotic lesions in the CCA. A 4-Fr Newton-shaped stiff catheter was positioned in the CCA. Given its high stiffness and dedicated shape, contact with the lesser curvature of the aortic arch absorbed kickback force. Then, a 6-Fr intermediate catheter and an 8- or 9-Fr balloon GC were coaxially advanced in sequence to the target position without guidewire support, ensuring “no-touch” with the plaques. Patient characteristics, aortic arch type, lesion location, and periprocedural complications were recorded. Results: The technique was applied to eight procedures (six left-sided lesions) in 7 patients (median age, 76 years; six men) among 53 CAS procedures performed on 49 patients. Lesions were located at the proximal CCA (four procedures) or the carotid bifurcation (four procedures). Three patients had floating thrombi, and four had type III aortic arches. GCs were successfully navigated without touching the lesions in all cases, with no periprocedural complications. Conclusion: The “no-touch” technique with a Newton-shaped stiff catheter is useful and feasible for navigating the GC in treating stenotic lesions in the CCA, particularly with tortuous anatomy, proximal lesions, and vulnerable plaques.
Does ‘Ecocide’ Provide a Viable Option to Address the Gravest Crimes against the Marine Environment?
Authors: Goettsche-Wanli Gabriele , Müller Johannes-Alexander
Published: January 2025

Recent main global scientific assessments underscore the alarming deteriorating state of the marine environment. Following an overview of pressures and threats, which are widespread and severe or serious, and relevant policy outcomes, this article evaluates the effectiveness of the international legal regime in addressing these pressures and threats, highlighting implementation, compliance, and enforcement challenges. Some recent developments to address crimes against the environment will be highlighted, in particular initiatives to develop and define a crime of ecocide at international and national levels. Based on the existing definitions of ecocide, the article analyses whether ecocide could be applied in a marine context, with particular attention given to thresholds and the nature of the act. It then considers the potential application in a marine context of some of the components of the definitions of ecocide, with bottom trawling selected for a deeper analysis.
Identifying Nigerian literature to inform culturally relevant social work education: A scoping review
Authors: Levy Susan , Gray Mel , Okoye Uzoma , Amadasun Solomon
Published: January 2025

This study is the first to provide evidence of an extensive Nigerian social work literature. It is significant as it unsettles and refutes the prevailing narrative of an absence of African, specifically Nigerian, social work literature to inform the development of a culturally relevant curriculum. A scoping review was conducted to identify Nigerian social work literature that yielded 308 papers. Health emerged as the most established area of research (n = 70), followed by ageing (n = 44) and child welfare (n = 42). The findings have global relevance for social work educators seeking to decolonise the knowledge underpinning social work education and practice.