bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prototype of an automatic system for monitoring the success of starting asynchronous motors in local power supply systems
Authors: Dulov I. V. , Fishov A. G.
Published: July 2024

The present study aims to develop and test a prototype of an intelligent automatic system for monitoring the success of starting asynchronous motors with a squirrel-cage rotor using the physical model of a local power supply system. The prototype implements stepwise predictive control, which checks the partial conditions of the process success at each step based on critical parameter models of both the engine and the supply network. The development is based on the use of the LabVIEW software suite, parametric identification methods, physical simulation, analog and digital signal filtering, auto-regulation theory, mathematical analysis, and statistics. The study experimentally proved the possibility and effectiveness of predictive start-up control for asynchronous motors of local power supply systems in terms of the magnitude, rate, and pattern of variations in the operating parameters of motor stator windings without a direct measurement of the shaft velocity. The error of the developed models for determining the critical mode parameters, affecting the success of starting the asynchronous motor, is demonstrated to be less or equal to 4%. The error in the predictive estimate of the start-up duration for an asynchronous motor did not exceed 14%. It is demonstrated that in 91% of experiments with the start-ups of an asynchronous motor using the physical model of a local power supply system under the variations of circuit-mode conditions, the automatic system prototype reliably identified the success/failure of the engine start at various stages of the process. If a failure was detected, the prototype ensured the interruption of start-ups in the early stages. The studies revealed no cases of non-issuance by the automatic system of a command to interrupt the start-up process under the conditions of its failure. Therefore, intelligent automatic systems for monitoring the success of starting asynchronous motors in local power supply systems will reduce the likelihood of damage to motors and equipment of power supply networks, preserve their serviceability, and improve the reliability of power supply to consumers.
Smart technologies and solutions for future sustainable and resilient energy systems
Authors: Terzija V. , Ding Lei
Published: July 2024

The main objective of this research is to analyze current problems and methods proposed for solving problems of design, operation and planning for the development of future sustainable electric power systems, taking into account the integration of renewable energy sources, the integration of heat and gas networks using highspeed communication channels. The author’s method of ensuring system stability and protecting the integrity of electric power systems is outlined. To ensure stable operation of future electric power systems, it is proposed to use methods of multi-level optimization and control of digital power systems, smart grid technologies and methods for processing vector measurements based on cyber-secure communication channels. It has been established that the proposed schemes make it possible to ensure the stability of the system and protect its integrity. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of such approaches, an example is given of solving the problem of preventing rolling blackouts of the power system by purposefully separating/isolating the system based on the author’s twostage controlled isolation algorithm. It is shown that to solve the problems of modern electric power industry, it is effective to use new telecommunication technologies, means of ensuring situational awareness and schemes for protecting the integrity of systems based on modern methods of operations research and artificial intelligence. The multicriteria optimization method proposed by the authors uses minimization of the objective function of power flow disruption and takes into account restrictions on the consistency of generator operation. The method was tested on an IEEE test circuit consisting of 118 nodes. Test calculations confirmed that the method allows for minimal power imbalance and minimal disruption of power flows. Thus, the results of the work open up new opportunities for improving the monitoring and protection of future sustainable electricity systems, including taking into account the integration of renewable energy sources, heat and gas networks.
Exact Mazur bounds in the pair-flip model and beyond
Authors: Hart Oliver
Published: July 2024

By mapping the calculation of Mazur bounds to the enumeration of walks on fractal structures, we present exact bounds on the late-time behavior of spin autocorrelation functions in models exhibiting pair-flip dynamics and more general p-flip dynamics. While the pair-flip model is known to exhibit strong Hilbert space fragmentation, the effect of its nontrivial conservation laws on autocorrelation functions has, thus far, only been calculated numerically, which has led to incorrect conclusions about their thermodynamic behavior. Here, using exact results, we prove that infinite-temperature autocorrelation functions exhibit infinite coherence times at the boundary, and that bulk Mazur bounds decay asymptotically as 1/\sqrt{L}L, rather than 1/L, as had previously been thought. This result implies that the nontrivial conserved operators implied by p-flip dynamics have an important qualitative impact on bulk thermalization properties beyond the constraints imposed by the simple global symmetries of the models.
Age-considerate employee engagement strategies in SMEs: Analysis of practices and research opportunities
Authors: Rašticová Martina , Hinzmann Roxana-Anka
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to examine the crucial role of employee engagement in the operational success and resilience of small and medium-sized enterprises in the European Union, with a specific focus on the impact of age diversity on engagement strategies. Tailored engagement strategies significantly improve job satisfaction, decrease turnover rates, and promote a cohesive organizational culture. The study is based on an extensive analysis of previous research and scientific publications, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of employee engagement practices within small and medium-sized enterprises. It explores how various age groups within the workforce perceive and react to different engagement initiatives, emphasizing the necessity for customized approaches. The paper also delves into the specific engagement tactics that have proven effective across different age demographics, such as digital tools for younger employees and recognition programs for older employees. Moreover, the paper discusses the broader implications of these findings for human resources managers and business leaders, highlighting the strategic importance of implementing age-aware engagement practices. It calls for further research to explore the long-term effects of these strategies, particularly in the context of evolving workplace dynamics and technological advancements. By adopting such tailored strategies, small and medium-sized enterprises can not only enhance employee satisfaction and retention but also foster a more innovative and adaptable organizational culture. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of a nuanced and flexible approach to employee engagement in small and medium-sized enterprises.
Implementação do manual da alimentação cardioprotetora na atenção primária à saúde: Protocolo de estudo
Authors: Da Silva João Gabriel Sanchez Tavares , Pagano Raira , Da Silva Lucas Ribeiro , El Khouri Fernanda Jafet , Tokunaga Samira Martins , Torreglosa Camila Ragne , Barreto Jorge Otávio Maia , Lara Enilda Maria de Sousa , Santos Renato Hideo Nakagawa , Marcadenti Aline , Ferreira Ângela Cristine Bersch
Published: July 2024

O Manual da Alimentação Cardioprotetora para Profissionais da Atenção Básica (MAC) tem objetivo de traduzir as recomendações alimentares das diretrizes sobre o tratamento e prevenção de fatores de risco cardiovascular em uma única estratégia lúdica e compreensiva. Entretanto, não se sabe como e qual o melhor método para implementá-lo na Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS). O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o protocolo do estudo de implementação do MAC na APS de dois municípios do sudeste do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo de implementação híbrido tipo II com desenho de ensaio clínico randomizado em cluster. Todos os serviços da APS dos municípios (n=59) serão randomizados (1:1) para o grupo que receberá uma estratégia multifacetada para implementação do MAC, que inclui não só a distribuição do material, mas uma capacitação e Auditoria e Feedback (intervenção) ou para o grupo que inclui apenas a distribuição do material, mimetizando o cenário atual (controle). O desfecho primário de implementação será avaliado a partir da taxa de orientação da Alimentação Cardioprotetora e o desfecho primário de efetividade será avaliado pelo consumo de vegetais dos usuários, em seis meses de seguimento. Os desfechos secundários são: compreensão da orientação por parte dos usuários e dos profissionais, taxa de orientações complementares ao MAC, a percepção da incorporação da orientação na prática clínica dos profissionais, a identificação de barreiras e facilitadores para a implementação do MAC e ainda peso dos usuários. Se positiva, será discutida a ampliação da capacitação para outros municípios brasileiros.
KÜLTÜREL MİRAS ALANLARINDA KENTSEL DÖNÜŞÜMÜN MEKÂNSAL ETKİLERİ ÜZERİNE COĞRAFİ BİR DEĞERLENDİRME: BURSA TARİHÎ ÇARŞI VE HANLAR BÖLGESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Duman Soner , Zaman Serhat
Published: July 2024

Kentlerin kimlikleri tarihlerine güçlü bir şekilde bağlıdır. Köklü tarihe sahip kentler için tarihsel miras unsurları kentin dünü, bugünü ve geleceği arasındaki bağı kurma sürecindeki işlevleri nedeniyle son derece önem arz eder. Kentlerin tarihî ve kültürel bir kimliğe sahip olmaları ile ortaya çıkan tarihî çevreler, açık hava müzesi hüviyetine sahip bölgeler olarak bilinir. Bursa kentinin tarihî çekirdeği olarak adlandırılan yerde bulunan Tarihî Çarşı ve Hanlar Bölgesi, bu çalışmanın araştırma sahasını oluşturmaktadır. Bursa, 1960’lardan itibaren sanayileşmeye paralel olarak yoğun bir biçimde göçlerle karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Bu bağlamda 1980’lerle birlikte bölge, çok katlı apartman blokları tarafından çevrelenmiştir. Günümüzde bu tarihî dokunun ön plana çıkartılması ve yaşatılması için bölgede kentsel dönüşüm uygulamaları yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, araştırma sahasındaki kentsel dönüşüm uygulamaları ile ortaya çıkan mekânsal değişimi ele almayı hedeflemektedir. Araştırma sahasında 2020 yılından itibaren yaklaşık 40 adet yapının yıkılmasıyla tarihî çevrenin ön plana çıkartılması amaçlanmış ve bu durum birtakım sonuçlar doğurmuştur.
Legal Analysis of Appeal to the Commissioner on Protection of Entrepreneurs’ Rights as a Way to Protect the Rights of Business Entities
Authors: Plakhova E. S. ,   Penza State University
Published: July 2024

The relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that the problems of entrepreneurs are always topical, since entrepreneurial activity is associated with a variety of legal issues and problems, including tax, labor, corporate and other legal aspects. The article considers one of the solutions to the problems – an appeal to the Commissioners on Protection of Entrepreneurs’ Rights in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In 2023, the Commissioner under the President of the Russian Federation on Protection of Entrepreneurs’ Rights was contacted 125,367 times, of which 100,026 appeals were sent to the Commissioners on Protection of Entrepreneurs’ Rights in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Contacting the Commissioner on Protection of Entrepreneurs’ Rights is one of the key mechanisms for obtaining legal assistance and conflict resolution, promotes the confidence of entrepreneurs in the legal field, stimulates economic growth and the development of entrepreneurial activity. The subject of the study is the requirements for the appeals of business entities sent by the Commissioners on Protection of Entrepreneurs’ Rights in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to analyze the form of the appeal, the mechanism of its submission, and the practice of considering appeals by ombudsmen. The article examines the definition of the concept of "appeal"; the form of appeal to Commissioner on Protection of Entrepreneurs’ Rights in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation; the mechanism of appeal to the Commissioner for Human Rights under the President of the Russian Federation as a body whose appearance preceded other specialized institutions; the provisions of federal legislation and local orders of the Commissioners on Protection of Entrepreneurs’ Rights. As a result, examples of business support measures by Commissioners on Protection of Entrepreneurs’ Rights in various constituent entities are considered. The conclusion is made about the appeal as an effective form of protecting the rights of entrepreneurs, the successful practice of protecting entrepreneurs by the Commissioners on Protection of Entrepreneurs’ Rights and the effective functioning of their offices as a state body.
Optimal pipe-sizing design of water distribution networks using modified Rao-II algorithm
Authors: Gangwani Laxmi , Palod Nikita , Dongre Shilpa , Gupta Rajesh
Published: July 2024

Several evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have been suggested in the last three decades for the least-cost design of water distribution networks (WDNs). EAs generally worked well to identify the global/near-global optimal solutions for small- to moderate-size networks in a reasonable time and computational effort. However, their applications to large-size networks are still challenging due to large computational effort. Recent developments in EAs are towards parameter-less techniques that avoid fine-tuning of case-specific parameters to reduce the computational effort. Further, several self-adaptive penalties and search-space reduction methodologies have been suggested to reduce the computational effort. A fast, efficient, and parameter-less Rao-II algorithm has been used earlier with penalty-based approaches for the optimal design of WDNs. In this study, the application of a Rao-II algorithm is further explored with three self-adaptive penalty approaches to compare the convergence characteristics. The Rao-II algorithm is observed to converge at an infeasible solution in cases that the applied penalty to an infeasible solution is not so substantial to make it inferior to the feasible solutions. Modifications are suggested to improve the Rao-II algorithm, named the modified Rao-II algorithm. The modified Rao-II algorithm with the self-adaptive penalty methods resulted in better solutions than those obtained earlier.
Fabrication and characterization of magnetic graphene oxide-g-poly(acrylamide)/gelatin hydrogel nanocomposites for effective adsorption of copper ions from aqueous solutions
Authors: Kheiry Parinaz , Hosseinzadeh Hossein , Saraei Mahnaz , Masoumi Bakhshali
Published: July 2024

In this work, a magnetic nanocomposite adsorbent was synthesized by crosslinking graft copolymerization of gelatin and acrylamide onto graphene oxide nanosheets in the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The structure of nanocomposites was characterized by using FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD, VSM and point of zero charge (pHpzc). The prepared nanocomposites were employed as bioadsorbents for adsorption of copper ions. The effects of adsorption parameters under different conditions were studied in detail through batch experiments. The maximum ion adsorption capacity of 259 g. g−1 was achieved under the optimum conditions that were found to be: pH=8.0, copper concentration=80 mg L−1, adsorbent dosage=0.5 mg mg. L−1, contact time=2 hours, and temperature=60 °C. The kinetics and isotherms of adsorption fitted well at various ion concentrations (40, 80 and 160 mg L−1) using second-order and Langmuir models with R2=0.9991 and 0.9928, respectively. Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters show that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. In addition, the adsorbents depicted excellent regeneration ability after six adsorption-desorption cycles and maintained 89% of its initial adsorption capacity. In conclusion, the obtained results confirmed that the prepared environmentally friendly nanocomposites with high adsorption capacities could be effective adsorbents for the elimination of different ions from wastewaters.
Application of sodium aluminate from alumina Bayer process to the treatment of surface water, wastewater and sludge from tannery industry
Authors: Stefanescu Mihai ,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology, Dinu Laurentiu Razvan , Cristea Nicolae Ionut , Dobra Gheorghe , Iliev Sorin , Cotet Lucian , Boiangiu Alina , Filipescu Laurentiu ,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology,   Alro SA, Slatina,   Alum SA, Tulcea,   Alum SA, Tulcea,   Alum SA, Tulcea,   Alum SA, Tulcea
Published: July 2024

This paper presents the application of sodium aluminate, directly or after small adjustments in concentration and purity, in some other valuable intermediary products. Sodium aluminate is an intermediary product in Bayer technology applied by Alum SA Tulcea production of alumina and alumina products. Mainly, sodium aluminate is a carrier of aluminum hydroxide between important manufacturing stages in the Bayer process, bauxite processing, and aluminum hydroxide crystallization. After a short investigation of the uses of sodium aluminate, it was decided to choose and study the possibility of converting this secondary product into ecological material for the treatment of natural or industrial wastewater. Actually, on the market, products similar to sodium aluminate from Alum SA Tulcea provide treated waters with high purity and reasonable quality, excellent coagulation rates, rapid flotation, and sedimentation, and in addition, significant side effects, such as excellent removal of phosphorus and silica from treated water. Treatments do not require lime or hydroxide to control alkalinity, and chemical sludge remains at a minimum volume and mass. The test performed with sodium aluminate from Alum SA Tulcea was comparable with other tests with Al2(SO4)3 and FeCl3. The maximum removal yields of global organic load expressed by chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chromium (Cr VI), and total suspended solids (TSS) were: 83%COD, 71% BOD5, 99.7% Cr VI and 93% TSS.
Antimicrobial activity of citrus semivolatile compounds obtained through a new enzyme assisted extraction technique
Authors: Feodorov Laura ,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology, Harabagiu Anca-Maria , Banciu Alina Roxana , Radulescu Dragos , Cristea Nicolae Ionut , Nita-Lazar Mihai ,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology
Published: July 2024

A continuous population and industrialization growth have enhanced the production of chemical compounds as well as their structural chemical diversification. Unfortunately, they have become an increasing burden for the environmental sustainability and biodiversity. The need for producing and using environmentally friendly products become increasingly evident in the current context of environmental concerns. It is crucial to develop new products and technologies that reduce their overall harmful environmental impact and promote its sustainability. In this study, the citrus peels waste was transformed into a potential antibacterial and antifungal extract by hydrodistillation. The efficacy of orange peels hydro distillation process in obtaining plant extracts was improved by a pre-enzyme-assisted extraction step. Enzymes such as cellulase and pectinase improved the breakdown of cellulose and pectin structures, which led to an increased extraction yield of bioactive compounds and antimicrobial activity.
Diagnostic Stewardship in Clinical Microbiology: An Indispensable Component of Patient Care
Authors: Singhal Lipika , Gupta Parakriti , Gupta Varsha
Published: July 2024

:

Emerging infectious diseases and increasing resistance to available antimicrobials
are mapping the evolution of clinical microbiology and escalating the nature of undertakings
required. Rapid diagnosis has become the need of the hour, which can affect diagnostic algorithms and therapeutic decisions simultaneously. Subsequently, the concept of ‘diagnostic
stewardship’ was introduced into clinical practice for coherent implementation of available
diagnostic modalities to ensure that these new rapid diagnostic technologies are conserved,
rather than consumed as part of health care resources, with a view to improve the patient care
and reduce Turnaround Time (TAT) and treatment expense. The present study highlights the
requisite of diagnostic stewardship and outlines the infectious disease diagnostic modalities
that can assist in its successful implementation. Diagnostic stewardship promotes precise,
timely diagnostics, from the initial specimen collection and identification to reporting with
appropriate TAT, so as to enable timely management of the patient. The main aim of diagnostic stewardship is to optimize the right choice of diagnostic test for the right patient to
attain clinically significant reports with the least possible TAT for timely management and
the least expected adverse effects for the patient, community, and the healthcare system. This
underlines the requisite of a multifaceted approach to make technological advancements effective and successful for implementation as a part of diagnostic stewardship for the best
patient care.
Evaluation of Land Subsidence Susceptibility in Kunming Basin Based on Remote Sensing Interpretation and Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Wang Fa-long , Fa-you A. , Zhu Chuan-bing , Zhang Hua , He Rao-sheng , Wang Rui , Liu Zhang-zhen
Published: July 2024

Objective:

This study aims to utilize the Machine Learning (ML) model to produce highprecision
maps of urban ground subsidence susceptibility, providing a scientific basis for disaster
prevention and mitigation efforts in the Kunming Basin.

Methods:

In this patent study, remote sensing interpretation of Kunming City was conducted using
SBAS-InSAR technology to acquire subsidence data. Based on the frequency ratio method, ten evaluative
factors with strong correlations were selected to establish an evaluation index system for the
subsidence susceptibility of the Kunming Basin. Five models, including CNN, Back Propagation
Neural Network (BPNN), Genetic Algorithm optimized BPNN (GA-BPNN), Particle Swarm Optimization
optimized BPNN (PSO-BPNN), and Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN),
were employed. The frequency ratio method and the ROC curve were used to compare the effectiveness
and precision of these models.

Results:

The frequency ratio method indicated that the CNN model had the highest values in the very
high and high susceptibility areas, reaching 4.10, which was the highest among all models; in the
very low and low susceptibility areas, its value was 0.34, which was the lowest among the models.
The ROC curve demonstrated that the CNN model, based on deep learning (AUC = 0.952), was
more precise than the machine learning-based models such as BPNN (AUC = 0.896), RBFNN (AUC
= 0.917), GA-BPNN (AUC = 0.890), and PSO-BPNN (AUC = 0.906).

Conclusion:

The CNN model has predicted that 81.06% of the ground subsidence grid cells fall into
the very high and high susceptibility categories, demonstrating good predictive performance. According
to the established evaluation index system for ground subsidence susceptibility, the fundamental
causes of ground subsidence in the Kunming Basin are identified as poor soil mechanical
properties and low bearing capacity, while construction activities have exacerbated the development
of ground subsidence.
A Review on Antimicrobial Properties of Prickly Pear Cactus Opuntia
ficus-indica (L.) Miller: An Update
Authors: Senouci-Bereksi Mohamed , Khadir Abdelmounaim
Published: July 2024

The use of aromatic and medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds in the development
of new antimicrobial agents for the treatment of infectious diseases has become a very urgent
issue due to the emergence of microbial strains resistant to anti-infectious treatments. Opuntia ficusindica
(L.) Miller, also known as prickly pear, is a wild plant native to arid and semi-arid regions. It
can be considered a source of food or used for various production purposes, and it is widely known
for its beneficial properties. The different parts of this plant, such as cladodes, fruits, peels, and
seeds, could have remarkable therapeutic potentials due to their content of phenolic compounds,
polyunsaturated fatty acids, pigments, sterols, and other active compounds, and are safe for human
use. This includes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, antiulcer, antiviral, and anticancer
effects, among others. The antimicrobial action of extracts and phytochemical compounds
from different parts of cactus has been shown in different scientific experiments against bacteria,
fungi, and viruses, and their therapeutic potentials have been reported, thus contributing to a decrease
in drug resistance. This article presents a comprehensive review of the scientific literature on the
antimicrobial activity of Opuntia ficus-indica and the role of its phytocompounds in the fight against
antimicrobial resistance.
Psychosomatic Problems Among Adolescents During/Post the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shukla Meenakshi , Upadhyay Niti
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

This systematic review aimed at exploring the impact of the
coronavirus pandemic on adolescents’ psychosomatic problems and whether the
pandemic differentially impacted different genders.

Method:

An extensive search of eight electronic databases for studies
published/conducted between 2014-2018 for pre-pandemic prevalence of
psychosomatic problems among adolescents (11-17 years) and for studies published
and conducted between 2019-2023 during/post-pandemic prevalence resulted in the
final selection of 38 studies. This included 25 pre-pandemic studies, six studies
published and conducted during/after the pandemic, and seven studies that reported
pre-post-pandemic comparison. The review was reported following PRISMA
guidelines. ROBINS-E tool was used for assessing the risk of bias while the JBI
Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess study quality.

Results:

Findings showed that sleep problems and headaches dominated adolescent
psychosomatic problems pre-pandemic. Sleep problems continued to be the most
common problem post-pandemic, followed by stomach ache and feeling low,
dizziness, irritability, appetite loss, tension, and difficulty concentrating. In general,
females reported more psychosomatic symptoms, though limited research explored
gender differences. Only one study found improved psychosomatic health postpandemic,
more so for boys than girls. Psychological complaints increased postpandemic;
however, results were mixed about somatic and musculoskeletal
complaints after the pandemic. Some studies found no change in post-pandemic
psychosomatic symptoms.

Conclusion:

Gender-specific, tailored training programs are crucial for enhancing
resilience and coping to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on adolescents’
psychosomatic health.
Biodiesel and Related Fuel Additives: A Brief History
Authors: Ao Supongsenla , Rokhum Samuel L.
Published: July 2024

The discovery of the diesel engine by Rudolf Diesel in the mid-19th century
is where the origin of what finally came to be known as “biodiesel” lies. Since then,
numerous approaches have been suggested to utilize pure or blended, straight vegetable
oils or their derivatives for the production of biodiesel. The availability and viability of
biodiesel, as well as its relevance, history, technical properties, and prospective
replacement for diesel fuel in internal combustion engines including various types of
biodiesel fuel additives, are all discussed in this chapter.
Algal Biocrude as Drop-In Feedstock for Green Fuel and Green Chemicals
Authors: Bhujade Ramesh , Agrawal Pratibha S.
Published: July 2024

Algal biocrude, derived through hydrothermal processing of algal biomass,
is a drop-in feedstock and can be processed in the refining and petrochemical
infrastructure developed for fossil crude. Algal biomass, the raw material for algal
biocrude, has lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates as main constituents. It does not have
lignin/cellulose. The presence of lignin/cellulose in non-algae biomass makes
downstream processing difficult in the existing fossil-based infrastructure. Algal bio
crude has the potential to be the source of biogenic feedstock, not only for making
green fuel but also for making numerous chemicals. The research work on algae for
food products and energy by fuel began as early as the 1940s. However, even after
years of efforts, the algal technology for low-value, high-volume commodity products,
such as fuel, is not yet commercialised mainly due to economic reasons. This chapter
provides insight and a balanced perspective on commercialization of the algae-based
pathways for green fuel and green chemicals.
Ultrasound Assisted Biodiesel Production
Authors: Piloto-Rodríguez Ramón , Dominguez Yosvany Diaz
Published: July 2024

The production of biofuels has a great impact on the economy and society.
Biodiesel is a sustainable liquid fuel used for partial or full replacement of standard
diesel fuel, and its production generates valuable by-products. The use of ultrasound in
biodiesel production has a growing interest due to several advantages; it significantly
reduces the reaction time and avoids the use of heating, reaching similar or higher
FAME yield. The application of ultrasounds in homogeneous and heterogeneous
catalysis processes is reported to be technically feasible, but several issues are to be
considered such as the corrosion effect on sonotrodes, and the effect of ultrasounds
waves on solid catalyst surface and pores. Combining it with microwave irradiation
might be an effective procedure for the intensification of biodiesel production,
especially with heterogeneous catalysis. Technical challenges are associated with the
design of large-scale reactors in which both types of energy could be applied
concurrently with cost reduction. This chapter explores the basis of ultrasounds and
their use in the production of biodiesel, its main features, and challenges. 
Catalytic Production of Biodiesel via Simultaneous Esterification and Transesterification
Authors: Chen Jiasheng , Meng Ye , Huang Jinshu , Li Hu
Published: July 2024

Biofuels, a promising form of renewable energy, have the potential to
replace fossil fuels and mitigate the impact of greenhouse gas emissions. In the
presence of a catalyst, biodiesel, which is a biofuel, is produced through the process of
transesterification by combining vegetable oils or animal fats with methanol or ethanol.
The use of appropriate catalysts can improve the production efficiency of biodiesel,
shorten the production time, and reduce the occurrence of side reactions. This chapter
introduces different kinds of solid acid catalysts in the catalytic production of biodiesel,
especially the advantages of the simultaneous catalytic esterification and
transesterification reaction to produce biodiesel. This chapter introduces various solid
acid catalysts used in the catalytic production of biodiesel, especially the advantages of
simultaneous catalytic esterification and transesterification to produce biodiesel, as
well as the challenges faced by current research.
ARIMA Model on GST – A Predictive Analysis
Authors: Jayadev S. , M. Veena , Sebastian Siju
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted a multi-sectoral impact on omic
activities around the globe and is considered as the worst economic fallout since the
Great Depression. Demand and supply disruptions have acutely affected trade and
commerce. A downfall of global trade has been pointed out by WTO. Indirect taxes
constitute an important source of development funds for developing economies. The
implementation of GST has brought landmark gains in consolidating indirect taxes and
thereby reducing the cascading effect of taxes. GST revenues have fluctuated during
the pandemic period. Considering the significance of the revenue to the economy, an
attempt has been made to predict GST revenue using ARIMA analysis. The prediction
results indicate an optimistic growth in GST revenues which along with the efforts of
the Government towards liberalization of GST norms and revision of tax slabs is
expected to provide the economy with the essential boost to revive and revitalize the
Indian economy. 
A Study on Supply Chain Management Practices of Seafood Industries in Kerala
Authors: Geetha S. , S. Sanal
Published: July 2024

Kerala contributes close to one-fifth of the total marine fish landed in India.
The marine fish landing in Kerala during the year 2020-21 was 3.91 lakh tonnes (4.75
lakh tonnes in 2019-20) and the export of marine products from Kerala during the year
2020-21 was 1,57,698 MT (1,63,563 MT in 2019-20). Organizations are faced with an
array of challenges as they strive to compete in today’s dynamic global markets. To
remain competitive, organizations must recognize the importance of supply chain
practices that improve not only their own performance but also coordinate with their
channel partners to improve their joint performance. Effective and efficient supply
chain management practices now have become a very valuable and important way to
remain competitive in the market and to improve organizational performance. A
successful supply chain will effectively coordinate its processes, focus on delivering
quality products, eliminate unnecessary costs in key functional areas, proper waste
management, and create a performance measurement system that provides data on
whether the supply chain is performing up to expectations. The significance of this
study is first to study the extent to which the seafood industries in Kerala implement
supply chain management practices. Second, to identify various factors that contribute
to supply chain management practices, competitive advantage, and organizational
performance.
Gamut of Data Mining Incidental to Fraud Detection in the Era of Digital Banking
Authors: Sebastian Shinta , M.S. Agustina
Published: July 2024

Rivals in the modern fintech space are fighting legacy banks from all sides
and gradually dismantling the protective walls that have been up over the years. The
banks and broader financial sector must deal with this fledgling innovation in digital
banking as well as difficulties connected to payments, cash management, lending, and
investment management. Credit cards, peer-to-peer lending networks, real-time
payment systems, digital wallets, challenger banks, etc. are examples of such
innovations in digital banking. At present new entrants to the banking ecosystem have
a greater degree of independence. Due to seamless integration, mobile connectivity,
data availability, trust-based transactions, cloud-physical infrastructure, scaling up the
business, etc. have improved and the cost of acquiring and servicing clients has
reduced. People around the world are frequently travelling, and making purchases than
at any other time in the past. However, the shift of banking to digital channels has
resulted in a revolution in financial fraud. In the current era, digital banking fraud is a
big worldwide industry, where highly competent criminal gangs use ever-moreadvanced and ever-sophisticated technology. They regularly collaborate with dishonest
bank personnel to steal substantial sums of money. Data mining, artificial intelligence,
and machine learning are being used to protect clients and the digitalized banking
system against scammers and financial fraud. This study explicitly shows the scope of
emerging data mining techniques for fraud detection and prevention in the modern era
of digitalized banking.
Percepción del emprendimiento entre estudiantes de una Facultad de Negocios en una IES en Querétaro, México
Authors: Barrera González Karla Isabel ,   Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cardona Castaño Juan Camilo , Solís Lozano Juan Alberto , Vasco Leal José Fernando ,   Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro,   Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro
Published: July 2024

Introducción: El fomento del emprendimiento en estudiantes de negocios potencia la innovación, creatividad y la preparación para desafíos empresariales y sociales; Objetivo: Analizar la percepción sobre el emprendimiento entre los estudiantes de una Facultad de Negocios en una Institución de Educación Superior (IES) en Querétaro, México; Metodología: el estudio es de tipo cuantitativo con un enfoque descriptivo de corte transversal, se establecieron cuatro variables de investigación: contexto empresarial, interés y capacidad de emprendimiento, además de percepción de la frustración. El estudio involucró a 1,128 participantes. Y se aplicó estadística descriptiva para su análisis; Resultados: Se obtuvo la percepción sobre el emprendimiento entre los estudiantes de la Facultad de Negocios. Esta investigación demostró que existe gran interés en crear emprendimientos que generen valor y propicien un ecosistema de creación, formalización y consolidación empresarial; Conclusiones: la investigación logró su objetivo al revelar la percepción de los jóvenes frente a los factores que influyen en la decisión de emprender en el mundo de los negocios teniendo en cuenta su visión comercial. La capacidad emprendedora entre los estudiantes revela un panorama alentador, demostrando una disposición significativa para adquirir conocimientos, habilidades, capacidades y competencias necesarias para el mundo empresarial del presente y futuro.
English for Academic Purposes
Authors: Bell Douglas E.
Published: July 2024

This book provides readers with a critical and comprehensive overview of the historical development and ongoing trajectory of English for Academic Purposes (EAP). It examines a wide range of crucial topics in EAP, concluding with a glimpse into the future as the author considers the threats posed by issues such as privatisation and generative AI.
Comparison of the Quality of Discharge Letters Written by Large Language Models and Junior Clinicians: Single-Blinded Study
Authors: Tung Joshua Yi Min , Gill Sunil Ravinder , Sng Gerald Gui Ren , Lim Daniel Yan Zheng , Ke Yuhe , Tan Ting Fang , Jin Liyuan , Elangovan Kabilan , Ong Jasmine Chiat Ling , Abdullah Hairil Rizal , Ting Daniel Shu Wei , Chong Tsung Wen
Published: July 2024

Background

Discharge letters are a critical component in the continuity of care between specialists and primary care providers. However, these letters are time-consuming to write, underprioritized in comparison to direct clinical care, and are often tasked to junior doctors. Prior studies assessing the quality of discharge summaries written for inpatient hospital admissions show inadequacies in many domains. Large language models such as GPT have the ability to summarize large volumes of unstructured free text such as electronic medical records and have the potential to automate such tasks, providing time savings and consistency in quality.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the performance of GPT-4 in generating discharge letters written from urology specialist outpatient clinics to primary care providers and to compare their quality against letters written by junior clinicians.

Methods

Fictional electronic records were written by physicians simulating 5 common urology outpatient cases with long-term follow-up. Records comprised simulated consultation notes, referral letters and replies, and relevant discharge summaries from inpatient admissions. GPT-4 was tasked to write discharge letters for these cases with a specified target audience of primary care providers who would be continuing the patient’s care. Prompts were written for safety, content, and style. Concurrently, junior clinicians were provided with the same case records and instructional prompts. GPT-4 output was assessed for instances of hallucination. A blinded panel of primary care physicians then evaluated the letters using a standardized questionnaire tool.

Results

GPT-4 outperformed human counterparts in information provision (mean 4.32, SD 0.95 vs 3.70, SD 1.27; P=.03) and had no instances of hallucination. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean clarity (4.16, SD 0.95 vs 3.68, SD 1.24; P=.12), collegiality (4.36, SD 1.00 vs 3.84, SD 1.22; P=.05), conciseness (3.60, SD 1.12 vs 3.64, SD 1.27; P=.71), follow-up recommendations (4.16, SD 1.03 vs 3.72, SD 1.13; P=.08), and overall satisfaction (3.96, SD 1.14 vs 3.62, SD 1.34; P=.36) between the letters generated by GPT-4 and humans, respectively.

Conclusions

Discharge letters written by GPT-4 had equivalent quality to those written by junior clinicians, without any hallucinations. This study provides a proof of concept that large language models can be useful and safe tools in clinical documentation.
User Outcomes for an App-Delivered Hypnosis Intervention for Menopausal Hot Flashes: Retrospective Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Scheffrahn Katherine , Hall Claire , Muñiz Vanessa , Elkins Gary
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Hypnotherapy has been shown to be a safe, nonhormonal intervention effective for treating menopausal hot flashes. However, women experiencing hot flashes may face accessibility barriers to in-person hypnotherapy. To solve this issue, a smartphone app has been created to deliver hypnotherapy. The Evia app delivers audio-recorded hypnotherapy and has the potential to help individuals experiencing hot flashes.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to determine user outcomes in hot flash frequency and severity for users of the Evia app.

METHODS

This study is a retrospective analysis of a dataset of Evia app users. Participants were divided into 2 groups for analysis. The first group reported daytime hot flashes and night sweats, while the second group was asked to report only daytime hot flashes. The participants in the first group (daytime hot flashes and night sweats) were 139 women with ≥3 daily hot flashes who downloaded the Evia app between November 6, 2021, and June 9, 2022, with a baseline mean of 8.330 (SD 3.977) daily hot flashes. The participants in the second group (daytime hot flashes) were 271 women with ≥3 daily hot flashes who downloaded the Evia app between June 10, 2022, and February 5, 2024, with a baseline mean of 6.040 (SD 3.282) daily hot flashes. The Evia program included a 5-week program for all participants with daily tasks such as educational readings, hypnotic inductions, and daily hot-flash tracking. The app uses audio-recorded hypnosis and mental imagery for coolness, such as imagery for a cool breeze, snow, or calmness.

RESULTS

A clinically significant reduction, defined as a 50% reduction, in daily hot flashes was experienced by 76.3% (106/139) of the women with hot flashes and night sweats and 56.8% (154/271) of the women with daily hot flashes from baseline to their last logged Evia app survey. On average, the women with hot flashes and night sweats experienced a reduction of 61.4% (SD 33.185%) in their hot flashes experienced at day and night while using the Evia app, and the women with daily hot flashes experienced a reduction of 45.2% (SD 42.567%) in their daytime hot flashes. In both groups, there was a large, statistically significant difference in the average number of daily hot flashes from baseline to end point (women with hot flashes and night sweats: Cohen d=1.28; t138=15.055; P<.001; women with daily hot flashes: Cohen d=0.82; t270=13.555; P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Hypnotherapy is an efficacious intervention for hot flashes, with the potential to improve women’s lives by reducing hot flashes without hormonal or pharmacological intervention. This study takes the first step in evaluating the efficacy of an app-delivered hypnosis intervention for menopausal hot flashes, demonstrating the Evia app provides a promising app delivery of hypnotherapy with potential to increase accessibility to hypnotherapy.
Healthcarepreneurship Training on Making Antibacterial Liquid Soap (Hand Soap) Made From Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. Extracts
Authors: Antari Arlita Leniseptaria , Saraswati Indah , Annisaa Eva , Utomo Astika Widy , Ekawati Nuraini , Kurniasari Teny
Published: July 2024

Healthcare is one of the critical elements of infection prevention and control, one of which can be done by maintaining hand hygiene. Hand washing with soap and flowing water has long been considered a parameter of personal hygiene and is a simple way to reduce the transmission of infections, especially those caused by hand contact between individuals. However, it must still be done by paying attention to the time and the correct way to wash hands according to WHO standards. At this time, various hand soap products have emerged but are not antibacterial. Antibacterial ingredients used as soap base should not contain various kinds of chemicals that are harmful to the health of its users. Therefore, the use of natural ingredients can be an alternative to substitute chemical active substances. One that has been tested for its antibacterial properties is hibiscus flower (Hibiscus rosa sinensis L.). This activity began with presenting the results of the screening on hand washing habits carried out 2 weeks earlier. The next activity is the introduction to making antibacterial hand soap made from hibiscus extract through material presentation and empirical evidence of the potential of hibiscus as an antibacterial, as well as videos about the importance of maintaining hand hygiene through proper hand washing regularly. The activity is expected to make the healthcare UMKM know and understand that hibiscus flowers, which are widely available around their residence, can be used as raw material for making hand soap that has been produced so far, so as to minimize the use of chemical-based antibacterials. The hand soap product produced later became a collaborative product produced by the community, and then registered a patent with the number S00202120213 on November 17th, 2021.