bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Involutive Uninorm Logic with Fixed Point enjoys finite strong standard completeness
Authors: Jenei Sándor
Published: July 2022

An algebraic proof is presented for the finite strong standard completeness of the Involutive Uninorm Logic with Fixed Point ($${{\mathbf {IUL}}^{fp}}$$

IUL

fp

). It may provide a first step towards settling the standard completeness problem for the Involutive Uninorm Logic ($${\mathbf {IUL}}$$
IUL
, posed in G. Metcalfe, F. Montagna. (J Symb Log 72:834–864, 2007)) in an algebraic manner. The result is proved via an embedding theorem which is based on the structural description of the class of odd involutive FL$$_e$$

e

-chains which have finitely many positive idempotent elements.
Semigroups of straight left inverse quotients
Authors: Gould Victoria , Schneider Georgia
Published: July 2022

LetQbe an inverse semigroup. A subsemigroupSofQis aleft I-orderinQandQis asemigroup of left I-quotientsofSif every element inQcan be written as$$a^{-1}b$$a-1b, where$$a, b \in S$$a,b∈Sand$$a^{-1}$$a-1is the inverse ofain the sense of inverse semigroup theory. If we insist on being able to takeaandbto be$$\mathscr {R}$$R-related inQwe say thatSisstraightinQandQis asemigroup of straight left I-quotientsofS. We give a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for a semigroup to be a straight left I-order. The conditions are in terms of two binary relations, corresponding to the potential restrictions of$${\mathscr {R}}$$Rand$${\mathscr {L}}$$Lfrom an oversemigroup, and an associated partial order. Our approach relies on the meet structure of the$$\mathscr {L}$$L-classes of inverse semigroups. We prove that every finite left I-order is straight and give an example of a left I-order which is not straight.
Inhibition of C3 with pegcetacoplan results in normalization of hemolysis markers in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Wong Raymond S. M. , Pullon Humphrey W. H. , Amine Ismail , Bogdanovic Andrija , Deschatelets Pascal , Francois Cedric G. , Ignatova Kalina , Issaragrisil Surapol , Niparuck Pimjai , Numbenjapon Tontanai , Roman Eloy , Sathar Jameela , Xu Raymond , Al-Adhami Mohammed , Tan Lisa , Tse Eric , Grossi Federico V.
Published: July 2022

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, acquired hematologic disorder characterized by complement-mediated hemolysis. C5 inhibitors (eculizumab/ravulizumab) control intravascular hemolysis but do not prevent residual extravascular hemolysis. The newly approved complement inhibitor, pegcetacoplan, inhibits C3, upstream of C5, and has the potential to improve control of complement-mediated hemolysis. The PADDOCK and PALOMINO clinical trials assessed the safety and efficacy of pegcetacoplan in complement inhibitor-naïve adults (≥ 18 years) diagnosed with PNH. Patients in PADDOCK (phase 1b open-label, pilot trial) received daily subcutaneous pegcetacoplan (cohort 1: 180 mg up to day 28 [n = 3]; cohort 2: 270–360 mg up to day 365 [n = 20]). PALOMINO (phase 2a, open-label trial) used the same dosing protocol as PADDOCK cohort 2 (n = 4). Primary endpoints in both trials were mean change from baseline in hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, haptoglobin, and the number and severity of treatment-emergent adverse events. Mean baseline hemoglobin levels were below the lower limit of normal in both trials (PADDOCK: 8.38 g/dL; PALOMINO: 7.73 g/dL; normal range: 11.90–18.00 g/dL), increased to within normal range by day 85, and were sustained through day 365 (PADDOCK: 12.14 g/dL; PALOMINO: 13.00 g/dL). In PADDOCK, 3 serious adverse events (SAE) led to study drug discontinuation, 1 of which was deemed likely related to pegcetacoplan and 1 SAE, not deemed related to study drug, led to death. No SAE led to discontinuation/death in PALOMINO. Pegcetacoplan was generally well tolerated and improved hematological parameters by controlling hemolysis, while also improving other clinical PNH indicators in both trials. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02588833 and NCT03593200).
Unprecedented Heatwave in Western North America during Late June of 2021: Roles of Atmospheric Circulation and Global Warming
Authors: Wang Chunzai , Zheng Jiayu , Lin Wei , Wang Yuqing
Published: July 2022

An extraordinary and unprecedented heatwave swept across western North America (i.e., the Pacific Northwest) in late June of 2021, resulting in hundreds of deaths, a massive die-off of sea creatures off the coast, and horrific wildfires. Here, we use observational data to find the atmospheric circulation variabilities of the North Pacific and Arctic-Pacific-Canada patterns that co-occurred with the development and mature phases of the heatwave, as well as the North America pattern, which coincided with the decaying and eastward movement of the heatwave. Climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (Phase 6) are not designed to simulate a particular heatwave event like this one. Still, models show that greenhouse gases are the main reason for the long-term increase of average daily maximum temperature in western North America in the past and future.
Mineralocorticoid receptor-antagonism prevents COVID-19-dependent glycocalyx damage
Authors: Fels Benedikt , Acharya Sovon , Vahldieck Carl , Graf Tobias , Käding Nadja , Rupp Jan , Kusche-Vihrog Kristina
Published: July 2022

Proinflammatory cytokines target vascular endothelial cells during COVID-19 infections. In particular, the endothelial glycocalyx (eGC), a proteoglycan-rich layer on top of endothelial cells, was identified as a vulnerable, vasoprotective structure during infections. Thus, eGC damage can be seen as a hallmark in the development of endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory processes. Using sera derived from patients suffering from COVID-19, we could demonstrate that the eGC became progressively worse in relation to disease severity (mild vs severe course) and in correlation to IL-6 levels. This could be prevented by administering low doses of spironolactone, a well-known and highly specific aldosterone receptor antagonist. Our results confirm that SARS-CoV-2 infections cause eGC damage and endothelial dysfunction and we outline the underlying mechanisms and suggest potential therapeutic options.
The term CAKUT has outlived its usefulness: the case for the defense
Authors: Knoers Nine V. A. M.
Published: July 2022

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract form a spectrum of congenital structural disorders that are generally known under the term CAKUT. The term CAKUT was introduced 20 years ago and has been used extensively in literature since. Prof. Woolf has made a plea for abandoning this term in his “case for the prosecution.” Here, I advocate for the continued use of CAKUT as an umbrella term for these related congenital kidney and urinary tract abnormalities. I explain why the term CAKUT accurately and usefully defines this group of related structural disorders with prenatal origin and why it makes sense to continue grouping these disorders given accumulating evidence for shared etiology of CAKUT phenotypes and the importance of grouping CAKUT phenotypes in genetic counseling.
Soil CO2 emissions in cropland with fodder maize (Zea mays L.) with and without riparian buffer strips of differing vegetation
Authors: Dlamini J. C. , Cardenas L. M. , Tesfamariam E. H. , Dunn R. M. , Evans J. , Hawkins J. M. B. , Blackwell M. S. A. , Collins A. L.
Published: July 2022

Vegetated land areas play a significant role in determining the fate of carbon (C) in the global C cycle. Riparian buffer vegetation is primarily implemented for water quality purposes as they attenuate pollutants from immediately adjacent croplands before reaching freashwater systems. However, their prevailing conditions may sometimes promote the production and subsequent emissions of soil carbon dioxide (CO2). Despite this, the understanding of soil CO2 emissions from riparian buffer vegetation and a direct comparison with adjacent croplands they serve remain elusive. In order to quantify the extent of CO2 emissions in such an agro system, we measured CO2 emissions simultaneously with soil and environmental variables for six months in a replicated plot-scale facility comprising of maize cropping served by three vegetated riparian buffers, namely: (i) a novel grass riparian buffer; (ii) a willow riparian buffer, and; (iii) a woodland riparian buffer. These buffered treatments were compared with a no-buffer control. The woodland (322.9 ± 3.1 kg ha− 1) and grass (285 ± 2.7 kg ha− 1) riparian buffer treatments (not significant to each other) generated significantly (p = < 0.0001) the largest CO2 compared to the remainder of the treatments. Our results suggest that during maize production in general, the woodland and grass riparian buffers serving a maize crop pose a CO2 threat. The results of the current study point to the need to consider the benefits for gaseous emissions of mitigation measures conventionally implemented for improving the sustainability of water resources.
Tobacco Harm Reduction with Vaporised Nicotine (THRiVe): A Feasibility Trial of Nicotine Vaping Products for Smoking Cessation Among People Living with HIV
Authors: Edwards Stephanie , Puljević Cheneal , Dean Judith A. , Gilks Charles , Boyd Mark A. , Baker Peter , Watts Peter , Howard Chris , Gartner Coral E.
Published: July 2022

People living with HIV (PLHIV) have high rates of tobacco smoking. Nicotine vaping products (NVPs) may promote tobacco smoking cessation and/or harm reduction. This study aimed to trial the feasibility of NVPs for promoting tobacco smoking cessation among PLHIV. The Tobacco Harm Reduction with Vaporised Nicotine (THRiVe) study was a mixed-methods trial among 29 PLHIV who used tobacco daily. Participants trialled a 12-week intervention of NVPs. This study reports descriptive analyses of quantitative data on tobacco abstinence and associated adverse events. Short-term abstinence (7-day point prevalence; i.e., no tobacco use for 7 days) was achieved by 35% of participants at Week 12 and 31% reported short-term abstinence at Week 24. Sustained medium-term abstinence (8 weeks’ abstinence) was achieved by 15% of participants at Week 12 and 31% at Week 24. Most adverse events were mild. NVPs may represent a feasible and potentially effective short-to-medium term tobacco smoking cessation aid and/or harm reduction strategy among PLHIV.
Permeability and Turbulence Over Perforated Plates
Authors: Shahzad Haris , Hickel Stefan , Modesti Davide
Published: July 2022

We perform direct numerical simulations of turbulent flow at friction Reynolds number $$Re_\tau \approx 500{-}2000$$

R

e
τ

≈
500
-
2000

grazing over perforates plates with moderate viscous-scaled orifice diameter $$d^+\approx 40-160$$

d
+

≈
40
-
160

and analyse the relation between permeability and added drag. Unlike previous studies of turbulent flows over permeable surfaces, we find that the flow inside the orifices is dominated by inertial effects, and that the relevant permeability is the Forchheimer and not the Darcy one. We find evidence of a fully rough regime where the relevant length scale is the inverse of the Forchheimer coefficient, which can be regarded as the resistance experienced by the wall-normal flow. Moreover, we show that, for low porosities, the Forchheimer coefficient can be estimated with good accuracy using a simple analytical relation.
Asteroid families: properties, recent advances, and future opportunities
Authors: Novaković Bojan , Vokrouhlický David , Spoto Federica , Nesvorný David
Published: July 2022

Collisions are one of the key processes shaping planetary systems. Asteroid families are outcomes of such collision still identifiable across our solar system. The families provide a unique view of catastrophic disruption phenomena and have been in the focus of planetary scientists for more than a century. Most of them are located in the main belt, a ring of asteroids between Mars and Jupiter. Here we review the basic properties of the families, discuss some recent advances, and anticipate future challenges. This review pays more attention to dynamic aspects such as family identification, age determination, and long-term evolution. The text, however, goes beyond that. Especially, we cover the details of young families that see the major advances in the last years, and we anticipate it will develop even faster in the future. We also discuss the relevance of asteroid families for water-ice content in the asteroid belt and our current knowledge on links between families and main-belt comets. query Please check the edit made in the article title.
User behavior analysis based on edge evolutionary game model in social network
Authors: Chen Jing , Yang Hongbo , Wei Nana , Liu Mingxin
Published: July 2022

The application of evolutionary game method to study user behavior in social networks is a current hot issue. Most of the current evolutionary game models are proposed based on the game between nodes, which cannot accurately describe the diverse behaviors of users, and ignores the influence of network dynamics on evolutionary game. In order to solve the above problems, an edge evolution game (EEG) model is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the edge game model combines the pairwise interaction mode with the prisoner’s dilemma payoff matrix to calculate the user income. Secondly, on the basis of strategy update, the disconnect–reconnect mechanism is proposed to promote the updating of user relationship. In this mechanism, nodes perform the disconnect–reconnect based on the incomes: the betrayal neighbor with the lowest incomes is disconnected, and the neighbor of the disconnected neighbor with the highest incomes is reconnected. Finally, three kinds of networks are selected for experimental verification. The experimental results show that the cooperation clusters are formed in all three kinds of networks, which greatly promote the cooperation evolution among users.
The interaction of different abiotic conditions on the value of the component traits of the technological yield of sugar beet
Authors: Bocianowski Jan , Jakubowska Magdalena , Kowalska Jolanta
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of different date of insecticidal treatment against Noctuinae caterpillars on the technological yield from sugar beet using the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. The AMMI model is one of the most widely used statistical tools in the analysis of multiple-environment trials. The results of the analysis of the dependence of the components of the sugar beet yield, carried out separately in individual years (2011–2018) of the experiment, indicate a significant and directly proportional impact of the root mass on the technological yield of sugar in all years. The average sugar content per years also varied from 16.22% (2014) to 19.68% (2015). Potassium molasses from the base of the tested protective treatments varied from 27.27 to 61.43 mmol kg−1. The average sodium molasses per years also varied from 1.196 mmol kg−1 (2015) to 6.692 mmol kg−1 (2018). α-amine-nitrogen of the tested protective treatments varied from 6.03 (for phenological criterion in 2011) to 37.95 mmol kg−1 (for intervention criterion in 2018). Technological yield of sugar beet tested protective treatments varied from 171.4 (for phenological criterion in 2015) to 360.0 t ha−1 (for soil spraying of plants—in 2012) throughout the 8 years, with an average of 280.47 t ha−1. The use of the AMMI model to estimate the interaction of conducted insecticidal treatments based on environmental conditions showed the additivity of the effects of the applied treatments on the effectiveness of the obtained quality features of the technological yield of sugar beet.
“The hysteria of a little flu”: effects of COVID-19 on HEIs in Brazil
Authors: Bento Katucha
Published: July 2022

This essay will look at the key challenges public Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) faced in Brazil during the COVID-19 lockdown. The pandemic led universities to close their campuses and adopt an online interface for academic activities. However, many of these institutions do not have the technological infrastructure for such, nor did the staff and students who suffered further social exclusions. The president of Brazil referred to the pandemic as a “little flu” and later on responded to measures adopting the lockdown as a “hysteric” act that “will lead to an economic crash”. Considering the lack of support from the government and the process of dismantling resources for public HE since the beginning of the new presidency elected in 2018, the COVID-19 lockdown quickly revealed the institutional racism, elitism and ableism evident in this administration’s agenda. The consequence of the agenda is the cuts on research funds and lack of infrastructure to provide online classes, as examples of the severe policies that promote the erasure of marginalised groups. Such policies follow Sylvia Wynter’s “Argument”, revealing a code of symbolic life and death of how human order organises itself through the coloniality of power/being. In order to show how such symbolic code is engraved in the Brazilian educational system, this study explores narratives of staff and students from three universities per region of Brazil to identify how the colonial legacies are correlated with postulates of power in the Brazilian HEIs setting during the pandemic. The paper discusses the challenges experienced while keeping the HE sector active during a pandemic that the government has belittled. The conclusions advocate for organised strategies at the union and social movements level to dismantle the colonial occupation put in place in the foundation of the HEIs and reinforced by the current necropolitical administration.
Theorising pedagogical dimensions of higher education leadership—a non-affirmative approach
Authors: Elo Janne , Uljens Michael
Published: July 2022

Today, multilevel analytics on educational governance, management, and leadership are common in educational leadership research, drawing on a variety of approaches and academic disciplines. This article develops a threefold critique of the state of the art. First, this article argues that research on higher education leadership often represents an unreflected position regarding the societal role of higher education—decontextualising leadership from external practices and disregarding its internal object. Second, the approaches applied in leadership as a multilevel phenomenon can be problematic. On one end of the spectrum, we find particularist approaches focusing on individual levels representing disparate and often incompatible theoretical perspectives. As these positions rarely communicate, they have difficulties producing a coherent representation of higher education leadership. Universalist approaches, in turn, study leadership on several levels but offer identical conceptual tools for any societal practice, thereby losing the sensibility of the societal, cultural, and economic tasks of higher-education institutions, and for their specific character as institutions for research and teaching. Thirdly, research on educational leadership mostly fail to provide adequate theory of pedagogical interaction and influence. This is a twofold challenge. On the one hand, research lacks a theory of the object of educational leadership, namely teaching and studying. On the other, although research often defines leadership as a process of influence aimed at supporting learning, it lacks a theory able to explain what constitutes this influence. This article elaborates the possibilities for non-affirmative theory of education to provide a theory and language to overcome these challenges.
Investigation of TLR4 Antagonists for Prevention of Intestinal Inflammation
Authors: Tam Janine S. Y. , Coller Janet K. , Prestidge Clive A. , Bowen Joanne M.
Published: July 2022

Activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been shown to be a major influence on the inflammatory signalling pathways in intestinal mucositis (IM), as demonstrated by TLR4 knock-out mice. Pharmacological TLR4 inhibition has thus been postulated as a potential new therapeutic approach for the treatment of IM but specific TLR4 inhibitors have yet to be investigated. As such, we aimed to determine whether direct TLR4 antagonism prevents inflammation in pre-clinical experimental models of IM. The non-competitive and competitive TLR4 inhibitors, TAK-242 (10 µM) and IAXO-102 (10 µM), respectively, or vehicle were added to human T84, HT-29, and U937 cell lines and mouse colonic explants 1 h before the addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (in vitro: 100 µg/mL; ex vivo: 10 µg/mL), SN-38 (in vitro: 1 µM or 1 nM; ex vivo: 2 µM), and/or tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (5 µg/mL). Supernatant was collected for human IL-8 and mouse IL-6 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), as a measure of inflammatory signalling. Cell viability was measured using XTT assays. Explant tissue was used in histopathological and RT-PCR analysis for genes of interest: TLR4, MD2, CD14, MyD88, IL-6, IL-6R, CXCL2, CXCR1, CXCR2. SN-38 increased cytostasis compared to vehicle (P < 0.0001). However, this was not prevented by either antagonist (P > 0.05) in any of the 3 cell lines. Quantitative histological assessment scores showed no differences between vehicle and treatment groups (P > 0.05). There were no differences in in vitro IL-8 (P > 0.05, in all 3 cells lines) and ex vivo IL-6 (P > 0.05) concentrations between vehicle and treatment groups. Transcript expression of all genes was similar across vehicle and treatment groups (P > 0.05). TLR4 antagonism using specific inhibitors TAK-242 and IAXO-102 was not effective at blocking IM in these pre-clinical models of mucositis. This work indicates that specific epithelial inhibition of TLR4 with these compounds is insufficient to manage mucositis-related inflammation. Rather, TLR4 signalling through immune cells may be a more important target to prevent IM.
Barriers to Seeking Psychotherapy for Mental Health Problems in Adolescents: a mixed method study
Authors: Pfeiffer Simone , In-Albon Tina
Published: July 2022

Given the large discrepancy between prevalence rates of mental disorders in adolescents and actual treatment rates, there is a need to understand what prevents this age group from seeking psychotherapy. We assessed the barriers to seeking psychotherapy in this age group, including their attitudes toward people with a mental disorder, using a convergent parallel mixed-methods design. Participants were 288 adolescents aged 12–21 years (M = 16.8 years, SD = 2.3; 37% identified as male, 63% as female, and 0% as nonbinary). Qualitative data were obtained with open-ended questions on barriers to initiating psychotherapy and attitudes toward people with a mental disorder. Barriers to seeking psychotherapy and information about psychotherapy were assessed with a questionnaire using a quantitative design. The qualitative assessment revealed as the main barriers fear of a negative interaction with a psychotherapist, fear of being confronted with their own emotions, self-stigma, and fear of public stigma. Further, lack of accessibility, lack of trust in the therapist, a desire for social distance from, and a negative attitude toward people with a mental disorder were associated with a decreased intention to initiate psychotherapy. Previous positive experience with a psychotherapist was a facilitator of seeking psychotherapy. We found gender differences, with higher desire for social distance and higher optimism bias scores as well as poorer mental health knowledge for participants identifying as male. Integrating results from both approaches results in further information for the improvement of prevention programs and interventions to lower barriers to seeking psychotherapy. Gender differences indicate a need for gender-role-specific interventions.
Modeling glass transition temperatures of epoxy systems: a machine learning study
Authors: Meier Sven , Albuquerque Rodrigo Q. , Demleitner Martin , Ruckdäschel Holger
Published: July 2022

The use of machine learning (ML) models to screen new materials is becoming increasingly common as they accelerate material discovery and increase sustainability. In this work, the chemical structures of 16 epoxy resins and 19 curing agents were used to build an ML ensemble model to predict the glass transition ($$T_g$$Tg) of 94 experimentally known thermosets. More than 1400 molecular descriptors were calculated for each molecule, of which 119 were chosen based on feature selection performed by principal component analysis. The quality of the trained model was evaluated using leave-one-out cross-validation, which yielded a mean absolute error of 16.15$$^{\circ }$$∘C and an$$R^2$$R2value of 0.86. The trained model was also used to predict$$T_g$$Tgfor 4 randomly selected resin/hardener combinations for which no experimental data were available. The same combinations were then prepared and measured in the laboratory to further validate the ML model. Excellent agreement was found between experimental and predicted$$T_g$$Tgvalues. The current ML model was created using only theoretical features, but could be further improved by adding experimental or quantum mechanical properties of the individual molecules as well as experimental processing parameters. The results presented here contribute to improving sustainability and accelerating the discovery of novel materials with desired target properties.

Graphical Abstract
HEM1 Actin Immunodysregulatory Disorder: Genotypes, Phenotypes, and Future Directions
Authors: Cook Sarah , Lenardo Michael J. , Freeman Alexandra F.
Published: July 2022

Cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems depend on proper actin dynamics to control cell behavior for effective immune responses. Dysregulated actin networks are known to play a pathogenic role in an increasing number of inborn errors of immunity. The WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) mediates branched actin polymerization, a process required for key cellular functions including migration, phagocytosis, vesicular transport, and immune synapse formation. Recent reports of pathogenic variants in NCKAP1L, a hematopoietically restricted gene encoding the HEM1 protein component of the WRC, defined a novel disease involving recurrent bacterial and viral infections, autoimmunity, and excessive inflammation (OMIM 141180). This review summarizes the diverse clinical presentations and immunological phenotypes observed in HEM1-deficient patients. In addition, we integrate the pathophysiological mechanisms described in current literature and highlight the outstanding questions for diagnosis and management of the HEM1 actin immunodysregulatory disorder.
The Role of Self-Control in Predicting Intimate Partner Violence Specialization in an Australian Community Sample
Authors: Wolbers Heather , Ackerman Jeffrey , Ready Justin
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This study builds on knowledge of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration by examining theoretically important aspects of this crime within an Australian community sample. More specifically, the current study examines the relationship between IPV offenders’ levels of self-control and offense specialization and determines whether this relationship differs by gender.

Method

An online survey advertised on social media yielded an analysis sample of 155 females and 170 males. Self-control was measured using the Brief Self-Control scale and specialization was measured with the Offense Specialization Coefficient (OSC) and a multilevel item response theory measurement approach.

Results

Findings indicate that IPV offenders with low levels of self-control are more versatile in their offending and that this relationship was more evident and pronounced for females.

Conclusions

Findings are mostly supportive of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s General Theory of Crime and highlight important differences within IPV offender populations that should be considered when designing targeted prevention and intervention methods.
An Economic Model of Gambling Behaviour: A Two-Stage Approach
Authors: Cameron Lachlan , Ride Jemimah , Devlin Nancy
Published: July 2022

Gambling can cause significant harms and these can result in a net negative utility from participation, although lower levels of participation have potential benefits and can yield positive net utility. It is therefore important to understand and distinguish between these two stages of gambling behaviour. Currently, economic models have had limited focus on explaining why someone would gamble despite it yielding a negative utility. Here, we present a two-stage model, motivated by empirical literature and intuitive assumptions, that improves on existing economic models by distinguishing between the likelihood of gambling participation and of gambling that yields a negative utility. The model’s predictions are empirically testable, consistent with existing literature, and add new insights. The model’s ability to distinguish between the two stages helps to inform interventions that aim to reduce the prevalence of gambling-related harm while avoiding the need for restrictive approaches that aim to eliminate gambling altogether.
Synthesis, 99mTc-labeling, in-vivo study and in-silico investigation of 6-amino-5-[(bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-amino]methyl]2-methyl pyrimidin-4-ol as a potential probe for tumor targeting
Authors: Essa Basma M. , Abd-Allah Walaa H. , Sakr Tamer M.
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to synthesize a new pyrimidine derivative with a good synthesis yield of 87% to act as a new cancer marker after radiolabeling with Tc-99m in a high radiochemical yield of 92.3%. In-vivo study in tumor-bearing Swiss albino mice model revealed promising data with high uptake in cancer. Docking study showed good binding interactions of the radiosynthesized complex at the binding site. In conclusion, this novel complex could be a potential probe for cancer targeting.
How to combine multiple identities and gaining stakeholders legitimacy in hybrid organizations? An organizational design response
Authors: Zollo Lamberto , Pellegrini Massimiliano M. , Faldetta Gugliemo , Rialti Riccardo
Published: July 2022

Hybrid organizations’ success should effectively fulfill both beneficiaries’ and customers’ needs, requirements, and expectations, being embedded in the conflicting—and often incompatible—institutional logics of social mission and commercial activities. Despite the increasing attention to such a phenomenon in the business research literature, still little is known regarding how hybrid organizational structures may facilitate or hinder the co-existence of such conflicting institutional logics. Relying on an inductive comparative case study realized on 9 socially entrepreneurial NPOs—which represent significant examples of socially imprinted organizations involved in commercial activities (hybrid)—operating in the Italian socio-healthcare sector, two main concerns have arisen as particularly influenced by organizational decisions, namely (a) effectively combining multiple identities within the organization and (b) gaining legitimacy from stakeholders. Results show that a coherent identity for a hybrid organization seems to be facilitated by an integrated structure, i.e., social programs and commercial activities run in a unique organization. On the contrary, a compartmentalized organizational structure creates two separate legal entities of a social or commercial nature only and is more crucial in gaining external legitimacy. Finally, some hybrids seem to mimic both features of these organizational structures, tackling both necessities. Thus, this study provides comparisons and practice-oriented implications to implement such organizational changes and explores the complex universe of hybrid organizational design by simultaneously comparing different organizational structures.
Mono- and di-acylated imidazolidine-2-thione derivatives: synthesis, cytotoxicity evaluation and computational studies
Authors: Scarsi Anna , Ponassi Marco , Brullo Chiara , Rosano Camillo , Spallarossa Andrea
Published: July 2022

Imidazolidine-2-thione substructure represents a pharmaceutically attractive scaffold, being included in different antimicrobial, anticancer and pesticide agents. To further evaluate the pharmaceutical potential of this chemical moiety, imidazolidine-2-thione was reacted with atypical Vilsmeier adducts, obtained by the condensation between dimethylacetamide and various acyl chlorides endowed with different electronic and steric properties. The formation of mono-acylated or di-acylated thiourea derivatives emerged to be affected by the nature of the considered acyl chloride reagent. Computational semi-empirical simulations were carried out to rationalize the relevant factor influencing the outcome of the reaction. As acylthioureas are pharmacologically relevant compounds, the chemical versatility of mono-acylated derivatives were evaluated by reacting benzoyl imidazolidin-2-thione with acyl chlorides. A small library of asymmetric di-acylthioureas was prepared and the obtained derivatives did not show any cytotoxicity on SKOV-3 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Additionally, in silico studies predicted good pharmacokinetics properties and promising drug-like characteristics for mono- and di-acylated thioureas. These considerations further support the value of the prepared compounds as interesting non-cytotoxic chemical scaffold useful in the medicinal chemistry field.

Graphical abstract
Cardiovascular health and mortality in Cushing’s disease
Authors: Coulden Amy , Hamblin Ross , Wass John , Karavitaki Niki
Published: July 2022

Exposure to cortisol excess in Cushing’s disease (CD) results in increased cardiovascular morbidity and reduces survival, with cardiovascular disease being a leading cause of death. At diagnosis, a significant number of patients have adverse cardiovascular profiles (e.g., obesity, diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, cardiac abnormalities and vascular disease). Remission of hypercortisolemia reduces but does not completely eliminate the cardiovascular complications; hazard ratios for myocardial infarction and stroke are high during long-term monitoring, highlighting the long-lasting effects of hypercortisolism and the importance of the timely diagnosis and successful management of this condition. Data on mortality of patients in remission are not consistent but in a multicenter study, an increased all-cause and circulatory mortality in patients with CD in remission for at least 10 years has been demonstrated. Cardiovascular morbidity requires particular focus and effective management during the care of patients with CD, from their presentation until long-term follow up.
The Variables that Predict Science Undergraduates’ Timely Degree Completion: a Conceptual Model
Authors: Rayner Gerry , Papakonstantinou Theo
Published: July 2022

Science undergraduates’ timely degree completion (TDC) has become increasingly important for students themselves, universities, and society, due to issues such as cost, efficiency, and productivity, respectively. This study investigated the potential effect of several variables on TDC of Bachelor of Science (BSc) students at an Australian research-intensive university. Results showed that two time-dependent variables (TDVs)—gender and Australian Tertiary Admission Rank (ATAR)—predicted TDC. Two time-independent variables (TIVs)—the number of discipline majors and specific year level academic achievement—also predicted TDC. Students who completed on time had a significantly higher mean weighted average mark (WAM) than non-TDC students, for each year of study, and more females than males completed their BSc in a timely manner. The primary determinants of TDC were gender, number of discipline majors, and WAM at each of years 2 and 3. Our conceptual model of TDC indicates the predictive interrelationships among these TIVs and TDVs. A more informed understanding of the study’s outcomes among university stakeholders has considerable potential to enhance the engagement, scaffolding, achievement, and TDC of science undergraduates.
Prenatal and early-life environmental factors, family demographics and cortical brain anatomy in 5-year-olds: an MRI study from FinnBrain Birth Cohort
Authors: Silver Eero , Pulli Elmo P. , Kataja Eeva-Leena , Kumpulainen Venla , Copeland Anni , Saukko Ekaterina , Saunavaara Jani , Merisaari Harri , Lähdesmäki Tuire , Parkkola Riitta , Karlsson Linnea , Karlsson Hasse , Tuulari Jetro J.
Published: July 2022

The human brain develops dynamically during early childhood, when the child is sensitive to both genetic programming and extrinsic exposures. Recent studies have found links between prenatal and early life environmental factors, family demographics and the cortical brain morphology in newborns measured by surface area, volume and thickness. Here in this magnetic resonance imaging study, we evaluated whether a similar set of variables associates with cortical surface area and volumes measured in a sample of 170 healthy 5-year-olds from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. We found that child sex, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, 5 min Apgar score, neonatal intensive care unit admission and maternal smoking during pregnancy associated with surface areas. Furthermore, child sex, maternal age and maternal level of education associated with brain volumes. Expectedly, many variables deemed important for neonatal brain anatomy (such as birth weight and gestational age at birth) in earlier studies did not associate with brain metrics in our study group of 5-year-olds, which implies that their effects on brain anatomy are age-specific. Future research may benefit from including pre- and perinatal covariates in the analyses when such data are available. Finally, we provide evidence for right lateralization for surface area and volumes, except for the temporal lobes which were left lateralized. These subtle differences between hemispheres are variable across individuals and may be interesting brain metrics in future studies.
Managing communities in decentralised social environments
Authors: Guidi Barbara , Michienzi Andrea , Ricci Laura
Published: July 2022

Many decentralised systems can be represented as graphs, and the detection of their community structure can uncover important properties. Several community detection algorithms have been proposed, however, only a few solutions are suitable for detecting and managing communities in a distributed and highly dynamic environment. This lacking is mainly due to the difficulty of defining self-organising solutions in the presence of a high rate of dynamism. The main contribution of this paper is DISCO, a distributed protocol for community detection and management in a Peer-to-Peer dynamic environment. Our approach is mainly targeted to Decentralised Online Social Networks (DOSNs), but it can be applied in other distributed scenarios. In the context of DOSNs, DISCO allows to discover communities in the local social network of a user, named ego network, and to manage their evolution over time. DISCO is based on a Temporal Trade-off approach and exploits a set of super-peers for the management of the communities. The paper presents an extensive evaluation of the proposed approach based on a dataset gathered from Facebook and shows the ability of DISCO to orchestrate a set of nodes to detect and manage communities in a highly dynamic and decentralised environment. The paper also proposes a comparison with a state of the art approach, showing that it is capable of reducing the number of critical community lifecycle events by over 25%, and reducing the average loading factor by up to 50%.

Graphical abstract
Solving the income-happiness paradox
Authors: Khalil Elias L.
Published: July 2022

Easterlin notes a contradiction in the data. While the cross-sectional data set shows that happiness is a positive monotonic function of income, the time-series data set of high income countries demonstrates that happiness does not rise with the rise of income. To solve the paradox, this paper proposes that each data set reveals a different facet of happiness. The cross-sectional data set asks people how they assess their current well-being in general. This question prompts people to contrast their current well-being with a well-being in the distant past. This explains why happiness tracks income. In comparison, the time-series data ask people how they feel at the moment. This question prompts people to contrast their current well-being with an aspired goal in the future. Their response is a function of the gap that exists between their current well-being and the aspired one. The gap is usually steady for high income countries and, hence, happiness is likewise steady, i.e., insensitive to the rise of income. The proposed solution highlights the operation of contextual assessment: we have two facets of happiness following the two kinds of context in operation.
Slag characterization from the Roman vicus of Eisenberg (Germany)
Authors: Mittelstädt Katja , Himmelmann Ullrich , Berthold Christoph , Schwab Roland
Published: July 2022

The Roman vicus of Eisenberg in Rhineland-Palatinate (Germany) has always been considered to be an important Roman iron smelting centre due to numerous slag finds and relicts of furnaces. Most excavations that revealed iron working debris have been performed in the nineteenth or early twentieth century. Their results and interpretations have been considered to be doubtful, but more recent excavations have brought to light further relics of iron working processes, which have not, however, helped to clarify the situation. Therefore, slag and ore fragments from two locations of discovery were selected for investigation, because no systematic investigations have been carried out on slags or other relics of iron working so far, despite the enormous importance of such a place. The first results of this investigation clearly prove the smelting of iron in slag-tapping furnaces during Roman times due to the morphology of the slag, but they also show that the metallurgical debris is obviously not in situ and has been used as filling material. In addition, the high-grade haematite ores also found on the ground could serve as a source for smelting.
Post-COVID-19 condition is not only a question of persistent symptoms: structured screening including health-related quality of life reveals two separate clusters of post-COVID
Authors: Giszas Benjamin , Trommer Sabine , Schüßler Nane , Rodewald Andrea , Besteher Bianca , Bleidorn Jutta , Dickmann Petra , Finke Kathrin , Katzer Katrin , Lehmann-Pohl Katja , Lemhöfer Christina , Pletz Mathias W. , Puta Christian , Quickert Stefanie , Walter Martin , Stallmach Andreas , Reuken Philipp Alexander
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Some patients experience long-term sequelae after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, despite a present post-COVID condition, defined as “any symptom lasting longer than 12 weeks,” only a subset of patients search for medical help and therapy.

Method

We invited all adults with a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 between March 2020 and September 2021 (n = 4091) in the city of Jena to answer a standardized questionnaire including demographic information, the course of the acute infection and current health status. K-means-clustering of quality of life (QoL) was used to explore post-COVID subgroups.

Results

A total of 909 participants at a median interval of 367 (IQR 291/403) days after acute infection were included in the analysis. Of those, 643 (70.7%) complained of having experienced persistent symptoms at the time of the survey. Cluster analysis based on QoL revealed two subgroups of people with persistent post-COVID symptoms. Whereas 189/643 participants (29.4%) showed markedly diminished QoL, normal QoL was detected in 454/643 individuals (70.6%).

Conclusion

Despite persistent symptoms being reported by nearly three quarters of participants, only one-third of these described a significant reduction in QoL (cluster 1), whereas the other two-thirds reported a near-normal QoL (cluster 2), thus indicating a differentiation between “post-COVID disease” and “post-COVID condition”. The prevalence of clinically relevant post-COVID disease was at least 20.7%. Health policies should focus on this subset.
Fabrication information modeling: interfacing building information modeling with digital fabrication
Authors: Slepicka Martin , Vilgertshofer Simon , Borrmann André
Published: July 2022

Digital manufacturing methods have been successfully used in different industries for years and have since had a positive effect on the development of their productivity. These methods offer significantly greater design freedom and make it possible to develop shape-optimized and function-activated components. In the construction industry, however, these technologies are only being used reluctantly, even though additive methods could make resource-efficient construction possible. The possibly decisive disadvantage of these methods is that a significantly higher granularity of product and process information is required, thus significantly increasing the planning effort. A circumstance that the framework described in this study, fabrication information modeling (FIM), could significantly mitigate by linking digital fabrication and BIM-based digital building design via a digital chain. For this purpose, FIM provides a methodology with which the information of a digital building model can be detailed, component by component, in a fabrication-aware manner. Based on the open exchange data format IFC, the FIM framework integrates seamlessly into the BIM context and enables automated detailing of the design information.
Growth and design strategies of organic dendritic networks
Authors: Ciccone Giuseppe , Cucchi Matteo , Gao Yanfei , Kumar Ankush , Seifert Lennart Maximilian , Weissbach Anton , Tseng Hsin , Kleemann Hans , Alibart Fabien , Leo Karl
Published: July 2022

A new paradigm of electronic devices with bio-inspired features is aiming to mimic the brain’s fundamental mechanisms to achieve recognition of very complex patterns and more efficient computational tasks. Networks of electropolymerized dendritic fibers are attracting much interest because of their ability to achieve advanced learning capabilities, form neural networks, and emulate synaptic and plastic processes typical of human neurons. Despite their potential for brain-inspired computation, the roles of the single parameters associated with the growth of the fiber are still unclear, and the intrinsic randomness governing the growth of the dendrites prevents the development of devices with stable and reproducible properties. In this manuscript, we provide a systematic study on the physical parameters influencing the growth, defining cause-effect relationships for direction, symmetry, thickness, and branching of the fibers. We build an electrochemical model of the phenomenon and we validate it in silico using Montecarlo simulations. This work shows the possibility of designing dendritic polymer fibers with controllable physical properties, providing a tool to engineer polymeric networks with desired neuromorphic features.
The Modern City in Asia
Authors: Stapleton Kristin
Published: July 2022

Kristin Stapleton analyzes how concepts and practices associated with the 'modern city' were received, transformed, and contested in Asia over the past 150 years. In the early twentieth century, activists took advantage of the new significance of the city to pursue a wide variety of goals. Thus, the concept of the modern city played an important role in Asia, despite much critical commentary on the ideals associated with it. By the 1940s, the city yielded its political centrality to the nation. Still, modern cities remained an important marker of national achievement during the Cold War. In recent decades, cities have continued to play a central role in economic and cultural affairs in Asia, but the concept of the modern city has evolved. Asian ideas about urban governance and visions of future cities are significantly shaping that evolution.